bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Behavior of Polymers in Solid-State
Authors: Butar-butar Maria , Chaerunisaa Anis
Published: February 2023

A variety of potential polymers with chemical and physical stability characteristics and abundant availability lead to the rapid application of polymers in various fields. One of the crucial things that are crucial to be discussed from such polymers is the characteristic of thermal behavior. Each type of polymer such as natural and synthetic has different thermal characteristics, including Tc, Tg, Tm, and Td which can be the determining factor of polymer selection of processing and application temperature. The thermal properties will also affect molecular interactions, physical stability in manufacturing, distribution, and storage. Therefore, in this article will appoint a study on the thermal characteristics of natural and synthetic polymers, the effect of modification on the thermal properties of polymers, efforts to increase the stability of thermal, and polymer applications in the field of pharmaceutical technology.
Evaluation of Mixed Intravenous Preparation in Patients at the Hospital "X" Samarinda's Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Authors: Tari Christy , Simbolon Octaviana , Butar-butar Maria
Published: February 2023

Mixing intravenous preparation, especially in patients' intensive care unit (ICU) at the hospital, requires special attention on their higher medication errors, such as nosocomial infection and incompatibility drugs. The personnel, facilities, infrastructure, and mixing process must be carefully considered when preparing sterile mixtures. This study aims to calculate the percentage of suitability for the mixing process for intravenous preparations based on the Basic Guidelines for Dispensing Sterile Preparations, Guidelines for Injectable and Cytostatic Drugs in 2009, and the Handbook of Injectable Drugs Edition 16th for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients at the hospital “X” Samarinda. The research is descriptive research using sheets of observational data collection. The research subjects are mixing facilities, infrastructure, and procedures. We found as many as 215 processes of mixing intravenous preparations in the ICU, showing that nurses carried out 100% of compounding, 100% of the infrastructure did not have a clean room, LAF, and pass box, 53% carried out the mixing process according to procedures, and physical quality tests. Drug preparations follow the Handbook of Injectable Drugs Edition 16th. The preparations produced are clear and free of foreign particles.
Profile of Intravenous Preparation Mixing in Patients at the Regional General Hospital's Intensive Care Unit Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda
Authors: Riningsih Dwi , Simbolon Octaviana , Butar-butar Maria
Published: February 2023

Compatibility is one of the quality characteristics of intravenous (IV) preparations that influences the effectiveness of patient therapy in the intensive care Unit (ICU). This study aimed to determine the compatibility profile of IV medication formulations given to ICU patients. This prospective observational research was undertaken on patients in the ICU of a private hospital in Samarinda. The data on the intravenous combination of drugs were compared in this study utilizing the ASHP Injectable Drug Information literature 21st edition, Injectable drug guide, and Manual Book. Injectable Drug Mixing was published in 2009 as a resource for determining the compatibility of intravenous formulations. Using certain criteria, combinations of intravenous medicines and their solvents are classed as compatible (C), incompatible (I), and unknown (U). The ICU had 25 patients, 15 of whom were male, and 10 of them were female. There is no mixing of drug compounds containing incompatible solvents. All drugs were carried out with 100% compatible solvents. The limited information related to the compatibility and stability of these intravenous preparations encourages continuous monitoring of the patient's condition and drug levels.
Antibiotic Use in Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Gangrene at Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda Hospital
Authors: Beta Jessy , Simbolon Octaviana , Butar-butar Maria
Published: February 2023

Gangrene is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Along with the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), the prevalence of gangrene and necrosis manifestations such as ulcers and infections will ascend. The selection of appropriate antibiotics is critical in infection therapy. Inappropriate use of antibiotics will result in antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this research aims to overview demographic, clinical characteristics, antibiotic use profiles, and antibiotic-related problems for DM patients with gangrene at the Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda Hospital. The study was retrospective research and was conducted in July-December 2021. Twenty-one patients met the inclusion criteria, and demographic data showed that most patients were men 57% (n=11), and most age was 39-59 years (57%, n=12). The longest period of suffering from gangrene was 6-10 years (14%, n=3). The most common length of hospitalization was 8-14 days, as reported by 52 percent (n=11) of patients, and the most common duration of antibiotic use was ten days, as reported by 86 percent (n=18) of patients. A single-used antibiotic was ceftriaxone (19%, n=4) patients. The most used antibiotic combination was ceftriaxone and metronidazole (81%, n=17). Fourteen patients used antibiotics appropriately in dosage, route, and frequency. Four patients were unsuitable for the benefit of antibiotics in terms of antibiotic type, and three patients were unsuitable for antibiotic use in terms of duration of administration.
Bambusa vulgaris: A comprehensive review of its traditional uses, phytochemicals and pharmacological activities
Authors: Akhtar Jeba , Patowary Lima
Published: February 2023

A versatile plant with many purposes, Bambusa vulgaris is primarily known for its industrial applications, but it is also becoming acknowledged as a possible source of bioactive substances and as a functional food. Every component of the bamboo plant, including the rhizome, culm shavings, leaves, roots, shoots, and seeds, has potential medical uses. This review aims to provide an insight into the traditional uses, and the various pharmacological activities exhibited by B. vulgaris extracts like analgesic, antihyperglycemic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, anti-amnesic, etc. It also has immense potential to be used as an important functional food as it has a high content of useful proteins, carbohydrates, high fiber content, and very low fat.
The Effect of Health Literacy Level on the Use of E-Health Applications
Authors: Ozan Derviş , Kiliç Mahmut
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to measure the effect of health literacy (HL) level on the level of use of e-health applications among public employees, excluding health workers serving directly to the public and working in public institutions in the downtown area of Yozgat, Turkey.

Methods: The study is cross-sectional and was conducted in 2021 among public employees. 476 public personnel working in state institutions in the city center participated in the study. Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and multinomial logistic regression were used to evaluate the data.

Results: Of the participants, 64.3% of them were male, 74.9% were married, 45.3% were in the 30-39 age group, and 60.9% were undergraduates. It was observed that 21.5% of the people in the research group had insufficient health literacy (SSL), 41.3% were problematic and 37.2% were sufficient. It was seen that the most used E-health application was E-pulse with 84.9%, followed by Life Fits into Home (LFH) and Central Physician Appointment System (CPAS) (64.3%), and the lowest was the hospitals' online systems (29.1%). The use of E-Nabız (e-Pulse) and E-Devlet (e-Government) SSI applications according to HL level was not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The vast majority of public employees use E-Pulse, and approximately 2/3 of them use LFH and CPAS. Less than half of the participants in the study had a sufficient health-literacy level, and the effect on e-Health practices was not found significant.
Examining translation behaviour of Turkish student translators in scientific text translation with think-aloud protocols
Authors: Başer Zeynep , Çetİner Caner
Published: February 2023

The process of translation has been dramatically influenced by the latest developments in technology. Students’ behaviours during the translation process have also changed as they try to seek information and use different resources. This study aims to investigate the translation behaviour of students in an English translation department. For this purpose, 11 students were recruited. The students were asked to translate a scientific text from English into Turkish. For the analysis of their translation behaviour, Think-Aloud Protocols (TAPs) and their translated texts were used. Monologue Protocol was used to see what goes on in a prospective translator’s mind. The students were audio-recorded while translating. Then, the translations were scored and the transcriptions of the recordings were coded. The results were presented under three main themes: (i) Recruiting translation tools: when and how, (ii) Following a pattern of translation process, and (iii) Challenges: language(s), context and more. All in all, the present study highlights the importance of guiding students in the use of the appropriate tools for the translation of specialised texts, and also suggests that student translators should be more critical of Machine Translation outputs and should practice post-editing procedures in their courses.
Du sonore dans la littérature narrative : des enjeux rhétoriques aux enjeux esthétiques
Authors: Fritz Jean-Marie
Published: February 2023

Dans l'approche des textes littéraires, la critique a le plus souvent privilégié le sens visuel. Il convient de rétablir ce déséquilibre et d'étudier le paysage sonore de tel ou tel texte narratif, soit les bruits de la nature, animée ou inanimée, les sons humains (de la parole au cri) ou ceux de la machine qui y sont évoqués. Ce paysage varie selon le genre littéraire, selon l'auteur, selon les siècles. Chaque œuvre dessine une partition plus ou moins dense, et le sonore participe en définitive de la dynamique de la narration.
La liste d’instruments de musique : un leitmotiv du récit médiéval
Authors: Jeay Madeleine
Published: February 2023

La liste d’instruments de musique qui accompagne les scènes de liesse collective est un leitmotiv du récit médiéval. Ces passages soulèvent la question de ce qui distingue le topos narratif d’autres éléments récurrents dans un récit tels que le motif, le cliché ou le topos rhétorique. On verra en effet qu’elles permettent d’aller au-delà du simple ornatus rhétorique pour attirer l’attention sur l’instance narrative responsable de ce déploiement terminologique. Dans les textes considérés dans l’article, la liste d’instruments fait valoir la compétence littéraire et lexicale du narrateur qui s’identifie ainsi à la figure du ménestrel associée à sa performance et à ses instruments.
Les chants des oiseaux dans les fables : topoï, types et savoirs zoologiques
Authors: Ripoll Élodie
Published: February 2023

Le bestiaire très riche des fables de la fin du XVIIe siècle offre un terrain d’exploration idéal pour vérifier l’hypothèse des topiques sonores. Parmi les nombreux corbeaux, cigognes, coqs, hiboux, pigeons, moineaux, aigles, paons, rossignols, tous ou presque ont une voix singulière, reconnaissable, imitable. Tous ou presque sont anthropomorphisés, parlent et jouent un rôle essentiel dans la fiction. Cet article cherche ainsi à répondre aux questions suivantes à partir des fables de La Fontaine, Perrault, Furetière, Fénelon et Mme de Villedieu ainsi que de Philippe Desprez et Houdar de la Motte : leschants des oiseaux sont-ils toujours envisagés selon des critères esthétiques ou selon leurs effets sur l’auditoire ? Peut-on dégager des topoï narratifs associés aux chants des oiseaux, voire aux chants de certains oiseaux ? Ou les oiseaux sont-ils plutôt des types dont le chant spécifique serait une caractéristique ? Quelle est la place des savoirs zoologiques dans ces représentations ?
À voix haute : combiner les représentations rhétorique et médicale de la voix à la Renaissance
Authors: Chiron Pascale
Published: February 2023

A la Renaissance, la transmission orale des textes ne se justifie pas seulement par une tradition qui persisterait parallèlement à l’essor de l’imprimerie : elle trouve un point d’appui dans la redécouverte des traités de médecine des Anciens s’intéressant à la lecture à voix haute. Capable de mieux faire circuler ou libérer les humeurs, la vocifération ou la lecture à voix haute font partie des programmes thérapeutiques à l’œuvre dans l’Antiquité. Rabelais, médecin lui-même, traducteur en latin et éditeur d’Hippocrate et de Galien, n’ignorait sans doute pas ce lien fait jadis entre voix et santé, comme le mode de vie de Gargantua semble le montrer : l’humaniste combine dans ses récits une représentation de la voix empruntée à la rhétorique de l’actio, une représentation anatomique du trajet de la voix dans l’oreille, et une vision thérapeutique des exercices vocaux. Ces différentes représentations concourent toutes à l’épanouissement humaniste du géant. Clément Marot va encore plus loin en donnant un écho de ces traités médicaux dans le « Chant royal de la conception Nostre Dame », renouvelant par là-même l’image du « Verbe » divin et celle de la Vierge Marie.
Aspects et fonctions des sons dans Cleveland de l’abbé Prévost
Authors: Gevrey Françoise
Published: February 2023

En écrivant Cleveland, son célèbre roman-mémoires, l’abbé Prévost accorde une grande importance aux sons. Il insiste d’abord sur les bruits dans le déroulement de l’action, et surtout il caractérise les voix des personnages (les cris, les émotions, la séduction). Au-delà de cette précision physiologique, le romancier utilise la musique dans plusieurs épisodes et lui donne un rôle dans la recherche du bonheur. Le roman peut même être comparé à un opéra par sa construction, ses décors et ses situations. Les sons contribuent ainsi à l’expression morale et dramatique des sentiments.
Adaptability in Interior Space: Public Housing for Lower-Middle Income Group in Dhaka
Authors: Yasmin Dilruba , Nilufar Farida
Published: February 2023

This research examines the spatial characteristics of domestic spaces, their use, and adaptations to analyse their changing morphology. It also examines inhabitants' preferences and requirements for the functional utilisation of the interiority of dwellings. Fifteen apartments in Dhaka were analysed to compare the initial design with the later modifications by occupants. The research followed an ethnographical method to depict the lives and experiences of individuals. The research has identified significant changes in activity zoning and their pattern, thus creating a new spatial organisation of the house that is different from the original design. Activity analysis reveals that most spaces are multipurpose; moreover, maintaining segregation and privacy is challenging. Lack of privacy is a significant concern during the alterations. Households are usually the extended type with a large number of members. Hence, this research finds the need for extra rooms within the given space. Another reason for alterations is the need for adequate functional space. A discrepancy exists between the dwelling space design and the actual needs and preferences of the occupants. This discrepancy highlights gaps between the designer's solution and the user demand, which prompts adjustments in the aspirations of the house through modifications and adaptations.
Spatial Dialogues between Exhibited Interiors and Cultural Exteriors: How Local Museums Connect to the Community
Authors: Karnchanaporn Nuttinee , Lumthaweepaisal Chanida
Published: February 2023

Local museums can no longer simply wait for visitors to come and see their exhibited interiors. They are tasked with community engagement and cultural continuity. They must remain relevant to their communities, but how? Recently, local museums, especially those promoting local history, have struggled to relate to rapidly changing and diverse communities. To ensure museums are community-centred spaces, this research suggests that their spatial components need rethinking. While exhibitions in local museums should be designed through a collaboration and co-creation process between museum staff and locals, semi-outdoor and exterior spaces could be organised to host community gatherings, cultural events, and public conveniences. The paper explores the spatial dialogue between exhibited interiors, semi-outdoor multifunction spaces, and cultural exteriors of four local museums in Thailand, including how they build communities and support cultural heritage. The paper elucidates that while the exhibited interiors of these local museums represent pride in treasures of the past, semi-outdoor multipurpose spaces and cultural exteriors support heritage continuity. With a combination of the three spatial components: exhibited interior, semi-outdoor multifunction space, and cultural exterior, local museums can look forward to a promising future.
Work from Home: Lessons Learned and Implications for Post-pandemic Workspaces
Authors: McGee Beth L. , Couillou Ryan J. , Maalt Kristjan
Published: February 2023

The experience of working from home (WFH) has evolved due to the COVID-19 response. A concurrent mixed-methods approach was used to assess the experiences and needs of WFH during COVID-19 pandemic across eight countries. Input concerning office workspace modifications was also explored. Participants (n = 82) were from Asia, Europe, and North America. Participants were working from home more and indicated they were somewhat satisfied with WFH and saw no change in productivity. The most common experience was feeling distracted while others experienced focus or calmness. Most participants were challenged by the lack of appropriate furniture and equipment, as well as being distracted by technology and communication. Participants most frequently used dedicated workspaces and outdoor views. They preferred workspaces with natural light, neutral colours, and natural ventilation. Participants reported better thermal comfort and air quality when compared to their pre-pandemic office but less access to necessary equipment, collaboration, and communication. WFH during the pandemic challenged how people worked and shifted their experience of home interiority. The key outcomes show support for hybrid work options as well as design strategies offered for accommodating home offices in the future.
Interiority in Sade Village Indigenous Corridor
Authors: Kusumowidagdo Astrid , Rahadiyanti Melania , Utomo Tri Noviyanto Puji
Published: February 2023

This study aims to find and define interiority as an initiative to preserve culture and traditions in Sade Village, Lombok Island, a tourist area in Indonesia. This study adopted qualitative research with the case study method, recording several data sources through field observation, literature studies, archives, and in-depth interviews with community leaders. This study identifies the typology of areas that create psychological, form-based, atmospheric, and programmatic interiority (Teston, 2020) in various configurations. This study found the types of interiorities in Sade Village that contribute to the corridor’s uniqueness, visitors’ feeling of insideness, and the area’s maintenance. Five categories of interiority, namely psychological, form-based, atmospheric, programmatic, and narrative interiority were found in the corridor of Sade Village. The finding on narrative interiority refers to the philosophy of social life of the local community, producing interiority by the meaningful ancient tradition and local beliefs. This study would contribute to increasing awareness of the inherent cultural values of Sade Village to strengthen the image of the area and its tourism potential.
Analysis of reported adverse events of pipeline stents for intracranial aneurysms using the FDA MAUDE database
Authors: Porwal Mokshal H. , Kumar Devesh , Thalner Sharadhi , Hedayat Hirad S. , Sinson Grant P.
Published: February 2023

Objective: Flow diverting stents (FDS) are a validated device in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, allowing for minimally invasive intervention. However, after its approval for use in the United States in 2011, post-market surveillance of adverse events is limited. This study aims to address this critical knowledge gap by analyzing the FDA Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database for patient and device related (PR and DR) reports of adverse events and malfunctions.Methods: Using post-market surveillance data from the MAUDE database, PR and DR reports from January 2012-December 2021 were extracted, compiled, and analyzed with R-Studio version 2021.09.2. PR and DR reports with insufficient information were excluded. Raw information was organized, and further author generated classifications were created for both PR and DR reports.Results: A total of 2203 PR and 4017 DR events were recorded. The most frequently reported PR adverse event categories were cerebrovascular (60%), death (11%), and neurological (8%). The most frequent PR adverse event reports were death (11%), thrombosis/thrombus (9%) cerebral infarction (8%), decreased therapeutic response (7%), stroke/cerebrovascular accident (6%), intracranial hemorrhage (5%), aneurysm (4%), occlusion (4%), headache (4%), neurological deficit/dysfunction (3%). The most frequent DR reports were activation/positioning/separation problems (52%), break (9%), device operates differently than expected (4%), difficult to open or close (4%), material deformation (3%), migration or expulsion of device (3%), detachment of device or device component (2%).Conclusions: Post-market surveillance is important to guide patient counselling and identify adverse events and device problems that were not identified in initial trials. We present frequent reports of several types of cerebrovascular and neurological adverse events as well as the most common device shortcomings that should be explored by manufacturers and future studies. Although inherent limitations to the MAUDE database are present, our results highlight important PR and DR complications that can help optimize patient counseling and device development.
Antibodies to repeat-containing antigens in Plasmodium falciparum are exposure-dependent and short-lived in children in natural malaria infections
Authors: Raghavan Madhura , Kalantar Katrina L , Duarte Elias , Teyssier Noam , Takahashi Saki , Kung Andrew F , Rajan Jayant V , Rek John , Tetteh Kevin KA , Drakeley Chris , Ssewanyana Isaac , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Greenhouse Bryan , DeRisi Joseph L
Published: February 2023

Protection against Plasmodium falciparum, which is primarily antibody-mediated, requires recurrent exposure to develop. The study of both naturally acquired limited immunity and vaccine induced protection against malaria remains critical for ongoing eradication efforts. Towards this goal, we deployed a customized P. falciparum PhIP-seq T7 phage display library containing 238,068 tiled 62-amino acid peptides, covering all known coding regions, including antigenic variants, to systematically profile antibody targets in 198 Ugandan children and adults from high and moderate transmission settings. Repeat elements – short amino acid sequences repeated within a protein – were significantly enriched in antibody targets. While breadth of responses to repeat-containing peptides was twofold higher in children living in the high versus moderate exposure setting, no such differences were observed for peptides without repeats, suggesting that antibody responses to repeat-containing regions may be more exposure dependent and/or less durable in children than responses to regions without repeats. Additionally, short motifs associated with seroreactivity were extensively shared among hundreds of antigens, potentially representing cross-reactive epitopes. PfEMP1 shared motifs with the greatest number of other antigens, partly driven by the diversity of PfEMP1 sequences. These data suggest that the large number of repeat elements and potential cross-reactive epitopes found within antigenic regions of P. falciparum could contribute to the inefficient nature of malaria immunity.
A novel text sentiment analysis system using improved depthwise separable convolution neural networks
Authors: Kong Xiaoyu , Zhang Ke
Published: February 2023

Human behavior is greatly affected by emotions. Human behavior can be predicted by classifying emotions. Therefore, mining people’s emotional tendencies from text is of great significance for predicting the behavior of target groups and making decisions. The good use of emotion classification technology can produce huge social and economic benefits. However, due to the rapid development of the Internet, the text information generated on the Internet increases rapidly at an unimaginable speed, which makes the previous method of manually classifying texts one-by-one more and more unable to meet the actual needs. In the subject of sentiment analysis, one of the most pressing problems is how to make better use of computer technology to extract emotional tendencies from text data in a way that is both more efficient and accurate. In the realm of text-based sentiment analysis, the currently available deep learning algorithms have two primary issues to contend with. The first is the high level of complexity involved in training the model, and the second is that the model does not take into account all of the aspects of language and does not make use of word vector information. This research employs an upgraded convolutional neural network (CNN) model as a response to these challenges. The goal of this model is to improve the downsides caused by the problems described above. First, the text separable convolution algorithm is used to perform hierarchical convolution on text features to achieve the refined extraction of word vector information and context information. Doing so avoids semantic confusion and reduces the complexity of convolutional networks. Secondly, the text separable convolution algorithm is applied to text sentiment analysis, and an improved CNN is further proposed. Compared with other models, the proposed model shows better performance in text-based sentiment analysis tasks. This study provides great value for text-based sentiment analysis tasks.
The Construction of Evaluation Index System of University Teachers' Education Subject Group
Authors: Wei LIU
Published: February 2023

To evaluate the teaching quality of college teachers, we should consider the contribution of teaching to students' future adaptation to social development. Therefore, the evaluation of college teachers' teaching quality should not only consider the teaching quality of a class and the stability of long-term teaching, but also pay attention to the evaluation of teachers' teaching ideas. Based on this, suggestions are put forward to improve the evaluation of classroom teaching quality. The study found that how to scientifically design the evaluation indicators of classroom teaching quality, reduce the incompleteness and subjectivity of the evaluation, and improve the incentive mechanism of teachers' teaching are the key to the fair and objective evaluation of teachers' classroom teaching quality.
Intellectual Property Information Intelligent System Based on Content Data Mining and ID4 Algorithm
Authors: Jiang Qiong
Published: February 2023

This paper studies the intellectual property information system based on content data mining and ID4 algorithm. First, data mining technology is applied to patent information analysis, such as using clustering algorithm to mine patent text, and using association rules to mine patent inventors. The system can analyze the structure of DOCDB patent data files, extract relevant patent information, and store the processed data in the database. The experimental results show that the system can efficiently process patent data and effectively improve the automation level of patent preprocessing. Use support vector machines, naive Bayes, and radial basis neural networks to classify and test patent samples.
Narcisismo e Sensualidade: os mitos e as marcas de confecções do Agreste Pernambucano
Authors: Queiroz Pedro Felipe de Sá , Moreira Vanessa Suellen Arcoverde , Silva Marcone José , Costa Flávia Zimmerle da Nóbrega
Published: February 2023

Considerando o papel social que a publicidade assume para o posicionamento das marcas locais   e procurando revelar a importância dos mitos nessa construção. Buscamos analisar três marcas comercializadas nas feiras no Agreste Pernambucano pertencentes às cidades mais importantes desse polo (Caruaru, Toritama e Santa Cruz do Capibaribe). Através de um estudo qualitativo baseado na semiologia Barthesiana, nossos resultados apontaram sete mitos, cujas analogias revelaram que os mitos do narcisismo e da sensualidade estão presentes fortemente nas peças publicitárias das marcas locais, evidenciando assim o empenho e a eficácia do arranjo produtivo local, o que é característica natural desse polo empreendedor.
Comparative Effects of Car Wash Detergents and Biosurfactants (Rhamnolipids) on the Soil Environment: In Search of a Greener Alternative
Authors: Anthony Best Rinret , Sinkit Youmnan Jalmet , Sudhir Caleb Tama , Helma Abimiku Rejoice
Published: February 2023

Aims: This study investigates the comparative effects of synthetic car wash and a bio-based surfactant detergent, biotensidon, on the soil environment.

Study Design: Evaluation studies.

Place and Duration of Study: Geology and Woodland laboratory at William Smith Building, University of Keele, in 2018.

Methodology: 1000 g of Topsoil purchased from a local store was dried in the oven at 1100C for 24 hours and its moisture content was determined. 100 g of the soil was irrigated with diluted detergents and cleaning solutions for 5 days. The leachates were then collected and analyzed for pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC) and further analyzed with Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) while the soil sample pellets were with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) machine.

Results: The colour of soil leachate when physically observed was consistently almost clear for tap water, light yellow for the biotensidon detergent and dark brown for the car wash detergent. For the pH for the same period, the soil leachates were between neutral and mildly alkaline among the different samples. However, for EC, the maximum EC recorded was in soil irrigated with Car Wash Detergent (1157, 1181, 1242, 1390 and 1876 µS/cm) for all of the 5 days. This is followed by soil irrigated with BioTensidon (732, 757, 796, 799 and 836 µS/cm) for the same period while the minimum EC was recorded in soil irrigated with tap water (456, 487, 500, 505 and 553 µS/cm) for the 5 days. The IR analysis of soil leachates showed peak values that did not differ with all the three leachates collected each day, while the XRF analysis showed the major elements SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 to be the most dominant for analyzed samples.

Conclusion: Both detergents examined had similar compositions of ingredients for making detergents. Some of these ingredients are well known to be harmful to humans, soil, water and plants, and these compositions vary between the detergents. Both detergents also have similar compositions of microelements that are essential for plant growth and some that are toxic to plants. However, the car wash detergents showed no amount of the element Lead (Pb). The car wash detergents significantly bleached organic fractions of the topsoil when examined physically. An 8% soil pH increase and 43% soil EC increase were recorded after 5 days of testing by car wash detergents when compared to the biosurfactants. Also, biosurfactants were shown to contain some toxic concentrations that may be unsafe.
Review of Experimental Models of Schizophrenia
Authors: Naz Bushra , Singh Prabhat , Nyarko Simon , Ali Banjara Ramzan
Published: February 2023

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disease that has a lifetime prevalence of 1% in most of the populations studied. The neuropathology and psychopathology of Schizophrenia are still poorly understood. This is attributed to the paucity of adequate animal models. Schizophrenia is a disorder of the human brain. Consequently, the potency of animal models in Schizophrenia research is limited to certain aspects of the disease. One of the most difficult aspects of modelling Schizophrenia in animals has been the lack of a clear and explicit conceptual framework for this disorder. This review discussed drug-induced animal models of Schizophrenia such as Ketamine (NMDA receptor antagonist), Phencyclidine (NMDA receptor antagonist) etc. It also discussed genetic animal models of Schizophrenia which include but not limited to Schizophrenia susceptibility Genes, Neuregulin-1(NRG1), DAT gene, Zinc finger DHH-type3 containing 8 (ZDHHC8) and Dysbindin. It went further to discuss fetal models Schizophrenia, postweaning social isolation and ended with In-Vitro animal models. The use of animal models to improve understanding of the neurochemical and structural CNS changes that precipitate development of Schizophrenia, rather than a focus on treating the symptoms, is a prerequisite to enable new more effective therapeutic strategies to be developed. Because of the complexity and ambiguity of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in the aetiology of schizophrenia, the challenge of developing more reliable predictive animal models of this disorder, most likely through multiple early-life interventions, is still ongoing.
High-Sensitivity Troponin T and I Among Pregnant Women in the US—The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004
Authors: Minhas Anum S. , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Zhang Sui , Ndumele Chiadi E. , McEvoy J. William , Christenson Robert , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

This cross-sectional study investigates the expected physiologic concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin in normal pregnancy.
Association of Expanded Child Tax Credit Payments With Child Abuse and Neglect Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Bullinger Lindsey Rose , Boy Angela
Published: February 2023

Importance

Poverty has long been associated with a higher risk for child maltreatment, and recent research suggests that income support policies are associated with reduced child abuse and neglect. However, income supports tied to employment cannot separate the associations of income from those of employment.

Objective

To estimate the short-term association of universal and unconditional income payments to parents with child abuse and neglect.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cross-sectional study, variation in the timing of the 2021 expanded child tax credit (CTC) advance payments was used to determine whether receiving unconditional income is associated with child abuse and neglect. A fixed-effects approach was used to compare child abuse and neglect before and after payments were made in 2021. The study compared 2021 trends with the same period in 2018 and 2019, during which no CTC payments were made. Participants were pediatric emergency department (ED) patients identified as experiencing child abuse or neglect at a level I pediatric hospital system in the Southeastern US from July through December 2021. Data were analyzed from July to August 2022.

Exposures

Timing in the disbursement of the expanded CTC advance payments.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Daily child abuse and neglect-related ED visits.

Results

During the study period, there were 3169 ED visits related to child abuse or neglect. The 2021 advance payments of the expanded CTC were associated with fewer child abuse and neglect-related ED visits. There was a decrease in these ED visits in the 4 days following the advance CTC payments, although the reduction was not significant (point estimate, −0.22; 95% CI, −0.45 to 0.01; P = .06). There were significant reductions in such ED visits among male children (point estimate, −0.40; 95% CI, −0.75 to −0.06; P = .02) and non-Hispanic White children (point estimate, −0.69; 95% CI, −1.22 to −0.17; P = .01). These reductions did not persist, however.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that federal income supports to parents are associated with immediate reductions in child abuse and neglect-related ED visits. These results are important for discussions of making the temporary expansion of the CTC permanent and are applicable to income support policies more broadly.
Influence of Temperature and Current Stressing on Cu‐Sn Intermetallic Compound Growth Characteristics of Lead‐Free Microbump
Authors: Fu Zhiwei , Wei Qinru , Guo Xiaotong , Fu Xing , Wang Jian , Yang Chao , Guo Huaixin , Yang Jia‐Yue
Published: February 2023

A numerical analysis of the Cu flux on Cu/Sn/Cu is successfully used to establish kinetic models that are verified with reported data. Kinetic models are adopted to discuss the polarity effect of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) growth at different alloying stages. The models reveal that, before Sn solder is depleted during thermal aging, the net thermodiffusion Cu flux in Cu6Sn5is over three times larger than that in Cu3Sn. While coupling with current stressing, the IMCs thickness increases from parabola‐like curves to a linear‐like relationship. The degree of influence decreases in the order of Cu6Sn5on anode, Cu6Sn5on cathode, Cu3Sn on anode, and Cu3Sn on cathode. Electromigration Cu flux in Sn is the critical factor that accelerates the anode's Cu6Sn5growth, and its influence on the growth rate over 1000 times that on the anode's Cu3Sn. After Sn solder is depleted, Cu6Sn5gradually converts into Cu3Sn, and its thickness is linearly decreases with square root of annealing time. When coupling with a current density of 1.0 × 105A cm−2, the thickness ratio of Cu3Sn/Cu6Sn5reduces from 1:2 to 1:6. Remarkably, irrespective of whether current exists or not, the depletion of Cu6Sn5always takes much longer than that of Sn solder.
A 3D Tumor‐Mimicking In Vitro Drug Release Model of Locoregional Chemoembolization Using Deep Learning‐Based Quantitative Analyses
Authors: Liu Xiaoya , Wang Xueying , Luo Yucheng , Wang Meijuan , Chen Zijian , Han Xiaoyu , Zhou Sijia , Wang Jiahao , Kong Jian , Yu Hanry , Wang Xiaobo , Tang Xiaoying , Guo Qiongyu
Published: February 2023

Primary liver cancer, with the predominant form as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains a worldwide health problem due to its aggressive and lethal nature. Transarterial chemoembolization, the first‐line treatment option of unresectable HCC that employs drug‐loaded embolic agents to occlude tumor‐feeding arteries and concomitantly delivers chemotherapeutic drugs into the tumor, is still under fierce debate in terms of the treatment parameters. The models that can produce in‐depth knowledge of the overall intratumoral drug release behavior are lacking. This study engineers a 3D tumor‐mimicking drug release model, which successfully overcomes the substantial limitations of conventional in vitro models through utilizing decellularized liver organ as a drug‐testing platform that uniquely incorporates three key features, i.e., complex vasculature systems, drug‐diffusible electronegative extracellular matrix, and controlled drug depletion. This drug release model combining with deep learning‐based computational analyses for the first time permits quantitative evaluation of all important parameters associated with locoregional drug release, including endovascular embolization distribution, intravascular drug retention, and extravascular drug diffusion, and establishes long‐term in vitro–in vivo correlations with in‐human results up to 80 d. This model offers a versatile platform incorporating both tumor‐specific drug diffusion and elimination settings for quantitative evaluation of spatiotemporal drug release kinetics within solid tumors.
Robotic Materials Transformable Between Elasticity and Plasticity
Authors: Wang Xinyuan , Meng Zhiqiang , Chen Chang Qing
Published: February 2023

Robotic materials, with coupled sensing, actuation, computation, and communication, have attracted increasing attention because they are able to not only tune their conventional passive mechanical property via geometrical transformation or material phase change but also become adaptive and even intelligent to suit varying environments. However, the mechanical behavior of most robotic materials is either reversible (elastic) or irreversible (plastic), but not transformable between them. Here, a robotic material whose behavior is transformable between elastic and plastic is developed, based upon an extended neutrally stable tensegrity structure. The transformation does not depend on conventional phase transition and is fast. By integrating with sensors, the elasticity‐plasticity transformable (EPT) material is able to self‐sense deformation and decides whether to undergo transformation or not. This work expands the capability of the mechanical property modulation of robotic materials.
Lateral Perovskite Single‐Crystal Capacitors for Self‐Powered Photodetection
Authors: Zhang Zhen Yu , Sun Lei , Wang Guo Ping
Published: February 2023

High‐quality perovskite single crystals (SCs) are emerging as promising optoelectronic materials and extensive photodetectors have been reported based on their SC frameworks, however, they are all disabled without applied external bias, and this is an evident obstacle for practical applications. Here, self‐powered photodetection (SPD) of perovskite SCs based on capacitance effects is reported when the capacitor releases its previously stored electric power by discharging operations. The capacitive results are highly in accord with numerical simulations of dielectrics, rather than the common ion migration. The lateral structures show good selectivity for local illuminations and consequently the induced self‐driven photovoltaic effects, but such influences on the SPD can be ignored when the capacitors are charged with sufficient electric power. This work first shows an attempt at achieving SPD in the form of lateral capacitors and may provide another new strategy for self‐powered perovskite devices.
Settling and fluidization of tall cylinders in solid‐liquid suspensions
Authors: Derksen Jos J.
Published: February 2023

We numerically study how rigid solid cylinders with a length over diameter aspect ratio of 10 settle through suspensions consisting of uniformly sized solid spheres and Newtonian liquid. We identify regimes with preference for horizontal settling and vertical settling of the cylinders dependent on the overall solids volume fraction (in the range of 0–0.58) and the Archimedes number of the cylinders. These insights we use to interpret the behavior of fluidized suspensions consisting of mixtures of spheres and cylinders with an emphasis on cylinder orientation distributions and slip velocities between solids and liquid phase. The three‐dimensional and time‐dependent simulations explicitly resolve the solid‐liquid interfaces by applying an immersed boundary method contained in a lattice‐Boltzmann flow solver.
Direct Irradiation of (E)‐Styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones to (Z)‐Isomers with Visible Light
Authors: Sui Jingzhi , Li Miaoran , Zhang Zihan , Liang Yong , Wang Tao , Zhang Zunting
Published: February 2023

The E to Z isomerization of styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones was achieved through visible light (420 nm) irradiation in dioxane at ambient temperature. Driven by the visible light, (E)‐3‐styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones, (E)‐4‐styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones and (E)‐5‐styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones in dioxane at room temperature under Argon atmosphere were successfully converted to the corresponding (Z)‐styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones in good yields. The described E to Z photoisomerization of styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones proceeded smoothly with the 420 nm blue light, avoided usage of photocatalysts, additives and are easy to operate.
Proton‐Induced Spin State Switching in an FeIII Complex
Authors: Kelly Conor T. , Dunne Sean , Kühne Irina A. , Barker Andrew , Esien Kane , Felton Solveig , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Ortin Yannick , Morgan Grace G.
Published: February 2023

Reversible proton‐induced spin state switching of an FeIII complex in solution is observed at room temperature. A reversible magnetic response was detected in the complex, [FeIII(sal2323)]ClO4 (1), using Evans’ method 1H NMR spectroscopy which indicated cumulative switching from low‐spin to high‐spin upon addition of one and two equivalents of acid. Infrared spectroscopy suggests a coordination‐induced spin state switching (CISSS) effect, whereby protonation displaces the metal‐phenoxo donors. The analogous complex, [FeIII(4‐NEt2‐sal2323)]ClO4 (2), with a diethylamino group on the ligand, was used to combine the magnetic change with a colorimetric response. Comparison of the protonation responses of 1 and 2 reveals that the magnetic switching is caused by perturbation of the immediate coordination sphere of the complex. These complexes constitute a new class of analyte sensor which operate by magneto‐modulation, and in the case of 2, also yield a colorimetric response.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Chemo‐, Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Intermolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Three Unsymmetric 2π Components
Authors: Shimotsukue Ryota , Fujii Kohei , Sato Yu , Nagashima Yuki , Tanaka Ken
Published: February 2023

We have developed the Rh+/H8‐binap‐catalyzed chemo‐, regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective intermolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of three unsymmetric 2π components. Thus, two arylacetylenes react with a cis‐enamide to yield a protected chiral cyclohexadienylamine. Moreover, replacing one arylacetylene with a silylacetylene enables the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of three distinct unsymmetric 2π components. These transformations proceed with excellent selectivity (complete regio‐ and diastereoselectivity and up to >99 % yield and >99 % ee). Mechanistic studies suggest the chemo‐ and regioselective formation of a rhodacyclopentadiene intermediate from the two terminal alkynes.
A Small‐Molecule Fluorescence Probe for Nuclear ATP
Authors: Tamima Umme , Sarkar Sourav , Islam Md Reyazul , Shil Anushree , Kim Kyeong Hwan , Reo Ye Jin , Jun Yong Woong , Banna Hasanul , Lee Soobin , Ahn Kyo Han
Published: February 2023

Fluorescence monitoring of ATP in different organelles is now feasible with a few biosensors developed, which, however, show low sensitivity, limited biocompatibility, and accessibility. Small‐molecule ATP probes that alleviate those limitations thus have received much attention recently, leading to a few ATP probes that target several organelles except for the nucleus. We disclose the first small‐molecule probe that selectively detects nuclear ATP through reversible binding, with 25‐fold fluorescence enhancement at pH 7.4 and excellent selectivity against various biologically relevant species. Using the probe, we observed 2.1–3.3‐fold and 3.9–7.8‐fold higher nuclear ATP levels in cancerous cell lines and tumor tissues compared with normal cell lines and tissues, respectively, which are explained by the higher nuclear ATP level in the mitosis phase. The probe has great potential for studying nuclear ATP‐associated biology.
A π‐Extended Pentadecabenzo[9]Helicene
Authors: Shen Yun‐Jia , Yao Nai‐Te , Diao Li‐Na , Yang Yang , Chen Xu‐Lang , Gong Han‐Yuan
Published: February 2023

A novel chiral nanographene (i.e.EP9H) with a pentadecabenzo[9]helicene core fragment has been synthesized and fully characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction unambiguously confirms the helical structure. The fluorescence emission ofEP9His located in the near infrared region (λem=684 nm) with a medium quantum yield (0.10) for helicene derivatives. Cyclic voltammetry reveals its seven quasi‐reversible redox states from −2 to +5. Furthermore, enantiopureEP9Hdisplays distinct CD signals in a broad spectral range from 300 to 700 nm. Notably, compared to the reported small organic molecules,EP9Hdisplays an outstanding |glum| value of 4.50×10−2andBCPLas 304 M−1cm−1.