bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah Dengan Riwayat Ibu Hamil Kekurangan Energi Kronis Di Wilayah Puskesmas Pantoloan
Authors: Pani Widya
Published: July 2019

One that affects fetal growth is the nutrition of pregnant women because during pregnancy the mother must meet the rapid growth needs of the fetus, and so that the output of the pregnancy is successful and perfect. But until now there are still many pregnant women who experience nutritional problems, especially malnutrition, such as Chronic Energy Deficiency (SEZ). The number of pregnant women experiencing SEZs in the Pantoloan Community Health Center Working Area in 2016 was a total of 67 pregnant women who delivered 8 LBWs. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the incidence of low birth weight babies with a history of chronic energy-deficient pregnant women in the work area of Pantoloan Health Center. This research is an Analytical type with Cros Sectional research design with a population of 252 babies born in 2010 in the Work Area of Pantoloan Health Center. Sampling uses the Total Sampling technique. The criteria for the sample are taken if you have birth weight and maternal LILA data during pregnancy, if the data is incomplete, it is not sampled. Samples that meet the requirements are 52 babies. The results showed that pregnant women who experienced SEZ 32 people (61.5%), and LBW as many as 8 babies (15.4%). There was a significant relationship between the incidence of LBW and a history of SEZ pregnant women (p = 0.0017). The conclusion, that the better the nutritional status of pregnant women during pregnancy, the better the weight of the baby will be born. It is recommended for Pantoloan Health Center to improve health education programs about nutrition, and take LILA measurements regularly for pregnant women.Keywords: LBW, SEZ, Pregnant Women
Hubungan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Dan Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) Dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Pada Balita Di Wilayah Puskesmas Kamonji
Authors: Linda Linda
Published: July 2019

Pneumonia is the premiere killer of toddlers in the world and in Indonesia. In Indonesia pneumonia is the cause of 15% of infant mortality is estimated as many as 922,000 under-fives in 2015. Puskesmas Kamonji is a health center that has the highest number of pneumonia cases in the city of Palu is 422 cases in 2015. Based on evidence that the risk factor of pneumonia is the lack of breastfeeding exclusive, malnutrition, indoor air pollution, low birth weight (LBW), population density, and lack of measles immunization. The purpose of this study is known factors associated with the incidence of pneumonia, namely Exclusive breastfeeding and history of low birth weight (LBW). The type of research used is analytical survey with case control approach. The samples in this study were all mothers who had children under 12-59 months in the Kamonji Puskemas Working Area consisted of 70 samples consisting of 35 case samples and 35 control samples. This research uses Chi-square statistical analysis with 5% error rate (α = 0,05) and trust level 95%. The results showed that exclusive breastfeeding (P value = 0.147) and low birth weight (P Value = 1,000) did not correlate with pneumonia occurrence in children aged 12-59 months. The conclusion in this study was no association between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of pneumonia and no association between low birth weight infants and the incidence of pneumonia. Suggestions for Health Officers to continue to give counseling about the importance of healthy living behavior teaches the community how important to wash hands with soap and keep the nutritional status of toddlers is always good.  Keywords: Exclusive Breast Milk, Low birth weight, Pneumonia
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TENTANG PRE EKLAMSI PENTING UNTUK PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL DALAM PERSIAPAN MENGHADAPI KOMPLIKASI
Authors: Winancy Winancy
Published: July 2019

Pre Eklamsi merupakan salah satu penyebab langsung kematian ibu, kejadian preeklamsi pada awalnya tidak memberikan gejala dan tanda, namun pada suatu ketika dapat memburuk dengan cepat, sehingga butuh serangkaian pemeriksaan, deteksi, dan identifikasi faktor risiko serta mengontrolnya sehingga memungkinkan dilakukan pencegahan primer yang kompleks.  Penyakit ini berkaitan erat dengan faktor  umur, paritas dan riwayat penyakit hipertensi, sehingga kewaspadaan ibu hamil dan keluarganya dalam deteksi dini komplikasi kehamilan sangat berperan penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang pre eklamsi terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, dan persiapan menghadapi komplikasi persalinan pada ibu hamil di puskesmas kecamatan Tapos Depok tahun 2017.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Quasi eksperimen dengan desain pre test dan posttest. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu ibu hamil yang memeriksakan kehamilan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Tapos pada waktu pengambilan data sebanyak 60 responden yang terbagi dalam dua kelompok dan diambil secara accidental sampling. Responden di bagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu yang diberikan pendidikan kesehatan dengan media leaflet dan dengan multimedia. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Wilcoxon dan Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang pre Eklamsi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil, tetapi kurang mempengaruhi persiapan ibu hamil dalam persiapan menghadapi komplikasi persalinan. Pendidikan kesehatan dengan menggunakan multimedia lebih dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap responden tentang pre eklamsi dibandingkan dengan pendidikan kesehatan dengan media leaflet Kata Kunci: Pre eklamsi, Pendidikan Kesehatan dengan Multimedia, Pendidikan Kesehatan dengan Leaflet
PENGARUH PENYULUHAN MENGGUNAKAN AUDIO VISUAL TENTANG ASI EKSKLUSIF TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS SINGGANI KOTA PALU
Authors: Idris Idris , Enggar Enggar
Published: July 2019

Breastfeeding is a physiological process to provide optimal nutrition for babies and one of the first steps for humans to have a healthy and prosperous life. The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is still a big problem for the State of Indonesia. There are several ways that can be done to increase exclusive breastfeeding, one of which is health education. The use of video as a means of education is now starting to be developed in line with current technological advances. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exclusive breastfeeding counseling with audio visual on the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women in the work area of Singgani Health Center. This research is a pre-experimental study with the design of one group pretest-posttest. The number of samples is 33 respondents. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The analysis used in this study was the Wilcoxon test. The results of the univariate analysis of data on pretest knowledge with good categories were 24 people (72.7%) and the poor categories were 9 people (27.3%) Knowledge of posttest with good categories as many as 21 people (63.6%) were less than 12 people ( 36.4%). The pretest attitude in the good category was 16 people (48.4%), the poor category was 17 people (51.6%). The posttest attitude in the good category was 21 people (63.6%) in the poor category of 12 people (36.4%). The results of the bivariate analysis of the knowledge of the pretest posttest knowledge (P value 0.002 (<0.05). The posttest pretest attitude (P value 0.363 (> 0.05). The conclusion shows that there is the influence of exclusive breastfeeding counseling with video media on the knowledge of pregnant women in the Singgani Health. There is no effect of exclusive breastfeeding counseling with audio visual on the attitudes of pregnant women in the Singgani Health Center. The suggestion is that midwives are expected to further increase the use of increasingly developing technology, one of which is the use of audio visual to provide counseling. Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Audio Visual, Knowledge, Attitude,
Breast Microcalcification Detection Algorithm Based on Contourlet and ASVM
Authors: Cai Sheng , Liu Pei-Zhong , Luo Yan-Min , Du Yong-Zhao , Tang Jia-Neng
Published: July 2019

Microcalcification is the most important landmark information for early breast cancer. At present, morphological artificial observation is the main method for clinical diagnosis of such diseases, but it is easy to cause misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. The present study proposes an algorithm for detecting microcalcification on mammography for early breast cancer. Firstly, the contrast characteristics of mammograms are enhanced by Contourlet transformation and morphology (CTM). Secondly, split the ROI by the improved K-means algorithm. Thirdly, calculate grayscale feature, shape feature, and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) for the ROI region. The Adaptive support vector machine (ASVM) is used as a tool to classify the rough calcification point and the false calcification point. Under the guidance of a professional doctor, 280 normal images and 120 calcification images were selected for experimentation, of which 210 normal images and 90 images with calcification images were used for training classification. The remaining 100 are used to test the algorithm. It is found that the accuracy of the automatic classification results of the Adaptive support vector machine (ASVM) algorithm reaches 94%, and the experimental results are superior to similar algorithms. The algorithm overcomes various difficulties in microcalcification detection and has great clinical application value.
Structural-Parametric Model and Diagram of a Multilayer Electromagnetoelastic Actuator for Nanomechanics
Authors: Afonin Sergey M.
Published: July 2019

In this work, the parametric structural schematic diagrams of a multilayer electromagnetoelastic actuator and a multilayer piezoactuator for nanomechanics were determined in contrast to the electrical equivalent circuits of a piezotransmitter and piezoreceiver, the vibration piezomotor. The decision matrix equation of the equivalent quadripole of the multilayer electromagnetoelastic actuator was used. The structural-parametric model, the parametric structural schematic diagram, and the matrix transfer function of the multilayer electromagnetoelastic actuator for nanomechanics were obtained.
Artificial Immune Systems: An Overview for Faulting Actuators
Authors: Kidd Robert
Published: July 2019

This paper reviews Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) that can be implemented to compensate for actuators that are in a faulted state or operating abnormally. Eventually, all actuators will fail or wear out, and these actuator faults must be managed if a system is to operate safely. The AIS are adaptive algorithms which are inherently well-suited to these situations by treating these faults as infections that must be combated. However, the computational intensity of these algorithms has caused them to have limited success in real-time situations. With the advent of distributed and cloud-based computing these algorithms have begun to be feasible for diagnosing faulted actuators and then generating compensating controllers in near-real-time. To encourage the application of AIS to these situations, this work presents research for the fundamental operating principles of AIS, their applications, and a brief case-study on their applicability to fault compensation by considering an overactuated rover with four independent drive wheels and independent front and rear steering.
Fault Tolerant Control of an Experimental Flexible Wing
Authors: Ossmann Daniel , Pusch Manuel
Published: July 2019

Active control techniques are a key factor in today’s aircraft developments to reduce structural loads and thereby enable highly efficient aircraft designs. Likewise, increasing the autonomy of aircraft systems aims to maintain the highest degree of operational performance also in fault scenarios. Motivated by these two aspects, this article describes the design and validation of a fault tolerant gust load alleviation control system on a flexible wing in a wind tunnel. The baseline gust load alleviation controller isolates and damps the weakly damped first wing bending mode. The mode isolation is performed via an H 2 -optimal blending of control inputs and measurement outputs, which allows for the design of a simple single-input single-output controller to actively damp the mode. To handle actuator faults, a control allocation scheme based on quadratic programming is implemented, which distributes the required control energy to the remaining available control surfaces. The control allocation is triggered in fault scenarios by a fault detection scheme developed to monitor the actuators using nullspace based filter design techniques. Finally, the fault tolerant control scheme is verified by wind tunnel experiments.
Use of Reflectance Indices to Assess Vine Water Status under Mild to Moderate Water Deficits
Authors: González-Flor Cristina , Serrano Lydia , Gorchs Gil
Published: July 2019

The monitoring of vine water status is of interest for irrigation management in order to improve water use while optimizing both berry yield and quality. Remote-sensing techniques might provide accurate, rapid, and non-destructive estimates of vine water status. The objective of this study was to test the capability of the reflectance-based water index (WI) and the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) to characterize Vitis vinifera L. cv. Xarel·lo water status under mild to moderate water deficits. The study was conducted at the leaf level in irrigated potted plants and at the plant level on five commercial rain-fed vineyards in 2009 and 2010. In potted plants, the reflectance indices PRI and WI closely tracked variation in the leaf-to-air temperature difference (ΔT) with r2 = 0.81 and r2 = 0.83, for WI and PRI, respectively (p < 0.01). In addition, in potted plants, both PRI and WI showed significant relationships with light-use efficiency (LUE)—calculated as the ratio between net CO2 assimilation rate (An) and incident photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) at the leaf surface—with r2 = 0.92 and r2 = 0.74 for PRI and WI, respectively. At the canopy level, vine predawn water potential (Ψpd) was related to the canopy-to-air temperature difference (ΔTm) across years (r2 = 0.37, p < 0.05). In the years of study, the relationships between PRI and WI showed variable degrees of correlation against Ψpd and ΔTm. Across years, PRI and WI showed significant relationships with Ψpd, with r2 = 0.41 and r2 = 0.37 (p < 0.01), for WI and PRI, respectively. Indices formulated to account for variation in canopy structure (i.e., PRInorm and WInorm) showed similar degrees of correlation against Ψpd to their original formulations. In addition, PRI and WI were capable of differentiating (p < 0.01) between mild (Ψpd > −0.4 MPa) and moderate (Ψpd < −0.4 MPa) water deficits, and a similar response was observed when PRInorm and WInorm—formulated to account for variation in canopy structure—were considered. Thus, at the leaf level, our result suggest that WI and PRI can be used to adequately predict the diurnal dynamics of stomatal aperture and transpiration. In addition, at the canopy level, PRI and WI effectively differentiated vines under mild water deficits from those experiencing moderate water deficits. Thus, our results show the capability of WI and PRI in characterizing vine water status under mild to moderate water deficits.
Effects of Supplementation of Rumen Protected Fats on Rumen Ecology and Digestibility of Nutrients in Sheep
Authors: Behan Atique A. , Loh Teck Chwen , Fakurazi Sharida , Kaka Ubedullah , Kaka Asmatullah , Samsudin Anjas Asmara
Published: July 2019

Rumen protected fats (RPF) are known to improve animal performance without affecting rumen metabolism in sheep. However, comparative effects of prilled fat, prilled fat with lecithin and calcium soap have not been fully studied. Hence this experiment was planned using 36 male Dorper sheep in a completely randomized design in four treatment groups. The diets included: Basal diet (70:30 concentrate to rice straw) with no added RPF as a control (CON), basal diet plus prilled fat (PF), basal diet plus prilled fat with lecithin (PFL) and basal diet plus calcium soap (CaS). The trial lasted 90 days following two weeks adaptation period. The body weights, average daily gain and gain to feed ratio were not affected by treatments. The intake and digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre were not affected, while those for ether extract and crude fibre differed (p < 0.05). RPF had no effect on concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids and total bacterial population. The concentrations of rumen total saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, total n − 3, total n − 6, unsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids differed (p < 0.05) among the treatments with RPF supplementation. Hence supplementation of different types of protected fats did not influence animal performance in Dorper sheep.
Ruminal In Vitro Protein Degradation and Apparent Digestibility of Energy and Nutrients in Sheep Fed Native or Ensiled + Toasted Pea (Pisum sativum) Grains
Authors: Bachmann Martin , Kuhnitzsch Christian , Okon Paul , Martens Siriwan D. , Greef Jörg M. , Steinhöfel Olaf , Zeyner Annette
Published: July 2019

Pea grains may partially replace soybean or rapeseed meals and cereals in ruminant diets, but substitution by unprocessed peas is limited by high ruminal protein solubility. The effect of combined ensiling and toasting of peas using a mobile toaster (100 kg/h throughput rate, 180 to 190 °C supplied air temperature) on rumen-undegraded protein (RUP) was tested in vitro using the Streptomyces griseus protease test. The effects of ensiling plus toasting on apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE), and proximate nutrients were examined in a digestion trial. Concentrations of metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) were calculated. Native peas had 38 g RUP/kg dry matter (DM), which was 20% of crude protein (CP). Rumen-undegraded protein increased three-fold after ensiling plus toasting (p < 0.001). Acid detergent insoluble protein increased five-fold. Apparent digestibility was 0.94 (OM), 0.90 (CP), and above 0.99 (nitrogen-free extract, starch, and sugars) and was not altered by the treatment. The ME (13.9 MJ/kg DM) or the NEL (8.9 MJ/kg DM) concentration was similar in native and ensiled plus toasted peas. This technique can easily be applied on farms and may increase RUP. However, it needs to be clarified under which conditions pea protein will be damaged.
Exploring the Handler-Dog Connection within a University-Based Animal-Assisted Activity
Authors: Kuzara Stephanie , Pendry Patricia , Gee Nancy R.
Published: July 2019

There has been an increase in research concerning the quality of dyadic interactions between humans and dogs in university-based animal assisted activities (AAAs). While interactions between students and dogs are commonly an area of focus, studies examining interactions between handlers and their dogs are needed. We coded 10-min long video-recorded observations (N = 151) using a mixed methods approach to capture the duration and frequency of dog-directed handler behavior (i.e., postural state, verbal and physical contact) before and during interactions with student participants in an AAA. Analyses showed a significant decrease in the proportion of time handlers spent petting their dog, and a significant increase in the proportion of time handlers spent sitting on the floor and restraining their dog by the leash in response to student introduction. Two dimensions of handlers’ dog-directed behavior emerged (e.g., warmth, control) revealing distinct handler interaction styles: Hands-off (L Warmth, L Control), permissive (H warmth, L control), authoritative (H Warmth, H Control), and authoritarian (L Warmth, H Control). Handlers’ interaction styles were influenced by student presence, leading some handlers to increase warmth behaviors directed to their dogs, while others decreased such behaviors. Implications for the facilitation of university-based AAAs are discussed.
The Effect of Intravenous Infusions of Glutamine on Duodenal Cell Autophagy and Apoptosis in Early-Weaned Calves
Authors: Dong Xusheng , Zhai Ruina , Liu Zhaolin , Lin Xueyan , Wang Zhonghua , Hu Zhiyong
Published: July 2019

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of intravenous infusions of L-glutamine (Gln) on the autophagy and apoptosis of duodenum cells in early-weaned calves. Holstein male calves were weaned at day 35 (20 male calves, birth weight 43 ± 1.8 kg; 35 ± 3 d of age) and randomly allocated to four treatments (5 calves/treatment). The treatments were: (1) infusion of NaCl, representing the control group (C); (2) infusion of 10 g/d of Gln solution (L); (3) infusion of 20 g/d of Gln solution (M); and (4) infusion of 40 g/d of Gln solution (H). The solutions were infused for 2 h daily for 3 consecutive days after weaning. All calves were killed on the third day post-weaning. The results showed that the autophagy level of the duodenal cells was increased as the Gln infusions increased from 0 to 20 g/d and dropped with a further increase in dose (40 g/d). We also found that the level of apoptosis was decreased with Gln infusion from 0 to 20 g/d and rose as the dose increased to 40 g/d. This knowledge provides a reference for weaned calf health management.
A Monosodium Iodoacetate Osteoarthritis Lameness Model in Growing Pigs
Authors: Uilenreef Joost , van der Staay Franz , Meijer Ellen
Published: July 2019

Lameness is a common problem in pigs, causing welfare issues in affected pigs and economic losses for farmers. It is often caused by osteoarthrosis (OA) in its acute or chronic form. We assessed face and construct validity of a potential model for naturally-occurring OA and its progression to chronic OA. Such a model would allow the assessment of possible interventions. Monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA) or isotonic saline was deposited in the intercarpal joint of 20 growing pigs. Functional effects were assessed using subjective (visual lameness scoring) and objective (kinetic gait analysis) techniques at several timepoints. Structural effects were assessed by histopathology at 68 days. Eight out of 10 MIA treated animals had histopathological OA lesions confirmed in the target joint, while for all saline treated animals the target joint was judged to be normal. Pressure mat analysis revealed increased asymmetric weight bearing in these animals compared to the control group on day 3, 14, 28 and 56. Visual scoring only showed a difference between groups on day 1. MIA did not cause prolonged visible lameness, thus face validity for OA under field conditions was not entirely met. Since objective gait parameters showed decreased weightbearing as a behavioral expression of pain, it may be used as a general model for movement-induced pain in pigs.
AR Object Manipulation on Depth-Sensing Handheld Devices
Authors: Yang Koukeng , Brown Thomas , Sung Kelvin
Published: July 2019

Recently released, depth-sensing-capable, and moderately priced handheld devices support the implementation of augmented reality (AR) applications without the requirement of tracking visually distinct markers. This relaxed constraint allows for applications with significantly increased augmentation space dimension, virtual object size, and user movement freedom. Being relatively new, there is currently a lack of study on issues concerning direct virtual object manipulation for AR applications on these devices. This paper presents the results from a survey of the existing object manipulation methods designed for traditional handheld devices and identifies potentially viable ones for newer, depth-sensing-capable devices. The paper then describes the following: a test suite that implements the identified methods, test cases designed specifically for the characteristics offered by the new devices, the user testing process, and the corresponding results. Based on the study, this paper concludes that AR applications on newer, depth-sensing-capable handheld devices should manipulate small-scale virtual objects by mapping directly to device movements and large-scale virtual objects by supporting separate translation and rotation modes. Our work and results are the first step in better understanding the requirements to support direct virtual object manipulation for AR applications running on a new generation of depth-sensing-capable handheld devices.
MgO Modified with MgF2 as an Electrolyte Immobilizing Agent for the High-Temperature Cells
Authors: Zieliński Michał , Kiderys Angelika , Pietrowski Mariusz , Czajka Bogdan , Tomska-Foralewska Iwona , Wojciechowska Maria
Published: July 2019

Magnesium oxide, generally applied as a filler in high-temperature cells (with an electrolyte melting point above 250 °C), was modified with magnesium fluoride to improve its mechanical and electrical properties. Samples containing 10 and 25 mol.% MgF2 were prepared and calcined at 500, 600, and 700 °C. They were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Moreover, the electrolyte absorption, mechanical strength of pellets made of filler and electrolyte, and volume of unfilled spaces were determined. It was shown that the introduction of MgF2 in the amount of 10 and 25 mol.% results in a considerable decrease in the surface area of the initial MgO, which testifies to the covering of MgO by the formed fluoride. However, no new crystalline phases were formed as concluded from the XRD analysis. The pellets consisting of electrolyte and MgF2/MgO filler (the electrolyte + 40 wt.% of the filler) had a higher mechanical strength compared to bare MgO filler. In particular, they outperformed MgO in the ionic conductivity of molten electrolyte. The latter was almost three times as high as that of MgO filler, when the filler containing 25 mol.% MgF2 was employed. The aforementioned properties of MgF2/MgO materials predispose them for use as fillers in high-temperature cells.
Experimental Study on Dynamic Response Characteristics of RPC and RC Micro Piles in SAJBs
Authors: Cheng Junfeng , Luo Xiaoyong , Zhuang Yizhou , Xu Liang , Luo Xiaoye
Published: July 2019

The pile foundations below approach slab in a semi-integral abutment jointless bridge (SAJB) that requires high flexibility to accommodate the horizontal cyclic deformation of approach slab generated by the girder’s thermal expansion and contraction as well as earthquake action. In this paper, reactive powder concrete (RPC) and reinforce concrete (RC) micro piles were designed and fabricated. The shaking table tests on dynamic response of micro piles-soil interaction were conducted to investigate the dynamic response characteristics such as the strain time history of pile-soil system, the bending moment, and the deformation of piles. The maximum strain response of piles was observed at the buried depth of 4.2 D (D is the diameter of pile). Meanwhile, the maximum bending moments of RPC and RC piles appear at the depth of 0.64 D and 0.42 D, respectively, under the dynamic load excitation, and the peak horizontal deformation of piles were observed at pile head. It is found that the bending moment and the strain response of the RPC pile are larger than that of the RC micro pile, and increased by 40% and 98%, respectively. The RPC micro pile has better crack resistance, higher ductility, and flexural rigidity than that of the RC pile, and it can be widely used as pile foundations in SAJBs for the earthquake area.
Staff, Symbol and Melody Detection of Medieval Manuscripts Written in Square Notation Using Deep Fully Convolutional Networks
Authors: Wick Christoph , Hartelt Alexander , Puppe Frank
Published: July 2019

Even today, the automatic digitisation of scanned documents in general, but especially the automatic optical music recognition (OMR) of historical manuscripts, still remains an enormous challenge, since both handwritten musical symbols and text have to be identified. This paper focuses on the Medieval so-called square notation developed in the 11th–12th century, which is already composed of staff lines, staves, clefs, accidentals, and neumes that are roughly spoken connected single notes. The aim is to develop an algorithm that captures both the neumes, and in particular its melody, which can be used to reconstruct the original writing. Our pipeline is similar to the standard OMR approach and comprises a novel staff line and symbol detection algorithm based on deep Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN), which perform pixel-based predictions for either staff lines or symbols and their respective types. Then, the staff line detection combines the extracted lines to staves and yields an F 1 -score of over 99% for both detecting lines and complete staves. For the music symbol detection, we choose a novel approach that skips the step to identify neumes and instead directly predicts note components (NCs) and their respective affiliation to a neume. Furthermore, the algorithm detects clefs and accidentals. Our algorithm predicts the symbol sequence of a staff with a diplomatic symbol accuracy rate (dSAR) of about 87%, which includes symbol type and location. If only the NCs without their respective connection to a neume, all clefs and accidentals are of interest, the algorithm reaches an harmonic symbol accuracy rate (hSAR) of approximately 90%. In general, the algorithm recognises a symbol in the manuscript with an F 1 -score of over 96%.
Simulation and Experimental Analyses of Microscopic Traffic Characteristics under a Contraflow Strategy
Authors: Wei Leyu , Xu Jinliang , Lei Tian , Li Menghui , Liu Xingliang , Li Haoru
Published: July 2019

Contraflow is a common traffic strategy used to improve the capacity of outbound roads during mass evacuation. Previous studies have focused on the contraflow network configuration, travel time, and number of evacuated vehicles on a macroscopic level. Only a few researchers have considered microscopic factors, such as the contraflow characteristics and moving bottlenecks caused by coaches and trucks. In this study, the effects of the contraflow strategy were investigated through field experiments and traffic simulations. Traffic data were collected from highway segments where trucks were forbidden under regular and contraflow conditions for analysis of the traffic characteristics and the effects of coach moving bottlenecks. The results demonstrate that the capacity and flow speed of contraflow lanes are lower than normal lanes, owing to the narrow cross sections and unfamiliar driving environment. The moving bottlenecks also reduced the speed of passenger car platoons by approximately 5–20 km/h. Four different contraflow schemes were developed and evaluated by Vissim to examine their effectiveness for minimizing the effect of truck moving bottlenecks. The findings revealed an obvious negative effect of trucks on the performance of the contraflow strategy, indicating the need for specific schemes when the truck ratio is large.
An Enhanced Fusion Strategy for Reliable Attitude Measurement Utilizing Vision and Inertial Sensors
Authors: Zhang Hanxue , Shen Chong , Chen Xuemei , Cao Huiliang , Zhao Donghua , Huang Haoqian , Guo Xiaoting
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we present a radial basis function (RBF) and cubature Kalman filter (CKF) based enhanced fusion strategy for vision and inertial integrated attitude measurement for sampling frequency discrepancy and divergence. First, the multi-frequency problem of the integrated system and the reason for attitude divergence are analyzed. Second, the filter equation and attitude differential equation are constructed to calculate attitudes separately in time series when visual and inertial data are available or when there are only inertial data. Third, attitude errors between inertial and vision are sent to the input layer of RBF for training. After this, through the activation function of the hidden layer, the errors are transferred to the output layer for weighting the sums, and the training model is established. To overcome the problem of divergence inherent in a multi-frequency system, the well-trained RBF, which can output the attitude errors, is utilized to compensate the attitudes calculated by pure inertial data. Finally, semi-physical simulation experiments under different scenarios are performed to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme in accurate attitude measurements and enhanced anti-divergence capability.
Transfer Convolutional Neural Network for Cross-Project Defect Prediction
Authors: Qiu Shaojian , Xu Hao , Deng Jiehan , Jiang Siyu , Lu Lu
Published: July 2019

Cross-project defect prediction (CPDP) is a practical solution that allows software defect prediction (SDP) to be used earlier in the software lifecycle. With the CPDP technique, the software defect predictor trained by labeled data of mature projects can be applied for the prediction task of a new project. Most previous CPDP approaches ignored the semantic information in the source code, and existing semantic-feature-based SDP methods do not take into account the data distribution divergence between projects. These limitations may weaken defect prediction performance. To solve these problems, we propose a novel approach, the transfer convolutional neural network (TCNN), to mine the transferable semantic (deep-learning (DL)-generated) features for CPDP tasks. Specifically, our approach first parses the source file into integer vectors as the network inputs. Next, to obtain the TCNN model, a matching layer is added into convolutional neural network where the hidden representations of the source and target project-specific data are embedded into a reproducing kernel Hilbert space for distribution matching. By simultaneously minimizing classification error and distribution divergence between projects, the constructed TCNN could extract the transferable DL-generated features. Finally, without losing the information contained in handcrafted features, we combine them with transferable DL-generated features to form the joint features for CPDP performing. Experiments based on 10 benchmark projects (with 90 pairs of CPDP tasks) showed that the proposed TCNN method is superior to the reference methods.
Analysis of Basic Failure Scenarios of a Truss Tower in a Probabilistic Approach
Authors: Mochocki Wojciech , Radoń Urszula
Published: July 2019

This paper concerns the system reliability analysis of steel truss towers. Due to failures of towers, the assessment of their reliability seems to be a very important problem. In the analysis, two cases are examined: when the buckling coefficient is a deterministic value and when it is a random variable. The impact of failures of single elements on the structure reliability was investigated. Calculations of the standard deviation of the capacity and reliability indexes were made using author-developed programs in the Mathematica environment.
Feedback and Feedforward Control of a Biotrickling Filter for H2S Desulfurization with Nitrite as Electron Acceptor
Authors: Brito Javier , Almenglo Fernando , Ramírez Martín , Cantero Domingo
Published: July 2019

Biotrickling filters’ control for H2S removal has special challenges because of complexity of the systems. Feedback and feedforward control were implemented in an anoxic biotrickling filter, operated in co-current flow mode and using nitrite as an electron acceptor. The feedback controller was tuned by three methods—two based on Ziegler-Nichols’ rules (step-response and maintained oscillation) and the third using the Approximate M-constrained Integral Gain Optimization (AMIGO). Inlet H2S staircase step perturbations were studied using a feedforward control and the effect of EBRT considered by feedback control. The tuning method by maintained oscillation shows the lower errors. The selected controller was a PI, because unstable behavior at the lowest H2S inlet loading was found under a PID controller. The PI control was able to maintain an outlet H2S concentration of 14.7 ± 0.45 ppmV at three EBRT, studied at 117 s, 92 s and 67 s. Therefore, desulfurized biogas could be used to feed a fuel cell. Feedforward control enhances BTF performance compared to the system without control. The maximum outlet H2S concentration was reduced by 26.18%, although sulfur selectivity did not exceed 55%, as elemental sulfur was the main oxidation product.
Air Quality and Potential Health Risk Impacts of Exposure to Bacterial Aerosol in a Waste Sorting Plant Located in the Mountain Region of Southern Poland, Around Which There Are Numerous Rural Areas
Authors: Brągoszewska Ewa , Biedroń Izabela , Hryb Wojciech
Published: July 2019

Many studies have shown an association between working in waste sorting plants (SP) and occupational health problems, such as skin irritation or pulmonary diseases. These symptoms have been related to biological aerosol exposure. The main goal of this work was to assess the levels of concentration and the characteristics of bacterial aerosols in waste sorting plants, based on measurements taken in a plant located in the mountain region of Southern Poland, around which there are numerous rural areas. The average concentrations of culturable bacterial aerosol (CCBA) collected in the unloading hall of the waste sorting plant (UHSP) and the outdoor air of the sorting plant (OSP) were 2687 CFU/m3 and 1138 CFU/m3, respectively. Sampling was undertaken in the plant using an Andersen six-stage impactor (with aerodynamic cut-off diameters of 7.0, 4.7, 3.3, 2.1, 1.1, and 0.65 μm), during the spring of 2019. Size distributions were unimodal, with a peak in particle bacterial aerodynamic diameters at less than 3.3 µm, increasing the potentially adverse health effects of their inhalation. An analysis was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance of isolated strains of bacteria. During the study, it was found that isolates belonging to the genus Bacillus were most frequently detected in the waste sorting plant. Isolates with the highest resistance to antibiotics belonged to the genus Neisseria. This test indicates that the use of personal protective equipment is necessary.
Estimation of Sensible Heat Flux and Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Kim Min-Seong , Kwon Byung Hyuk
Published: July 2019

In this work, sensible heat flux estimated using a bulk transfer method was validated with a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer or surface layer scintillometer at various sites. Results indicate that it remains challenging to obtain temperature and wind speed at an appropriate reference height. To overcome this, alternative observations using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were considered. UAV-based wind speed and sensible heat flux were indirectly estimated and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height was then derived using the sensible heat flux data. UAV-observed air temperature was measured by attaching a temperature sensor 40 cm above the rotary-wing of the UAV, and UAV-based wind speed was estimated using attitude data (pitch, roll, and yaw angles) recorded using the UAV’s inertial measurement unit. UAV-based wind speed was close to the automatic weather system-observed wind speed, within an error range of approximately 10%. UAV-based sensible heat flux estimated from the bulk transfer method corresponded with sensible heat flux determined using the eddy correlation method, within an error of approximately 20%. A linear relationship was observed between the normalized UAV-based sensible heat flux and radiosonde-based normalized ABL height.
Laser-Plasma and Self-Absorption Measurements with Applications to Analysis of Atomic and Molecular Stellar Astrophysics Spectra
Authors: Parigger Christian G. , Helstern Christopher M. , Gautam Ghaneshwar
Published: July 2019

This work discusses laboratory measurements of atomic and diatomic molecular species in laser-plasma generated in gases. Noticeable self-absorption of the Balmer series hydrogen alpha line occurs for electron densities of the order of one tenth of standard ambient temperature and pressure density. Emission spectra of selected diatomic molecules in air or specific gaseous mixtures at or near atmospheric pressure reveal minimal plasma re-absorption. Abel inversion of the plasma in selected gases and gas mixtures confirm expansion dynamics that unravel regions of atomic and molecular species of different electron temperature and density. Time resolved spectroscopy diagnoses self-absorption of hydrogen alpha and hydrogen beta lines in ultra-high pure hydrogen gas. Radiation from a Nd:YAG laser device induces micro-plasma for pulse widths in the range of 6–14 ns, energies in the range of 100–800 mJ, and peak irradiances of the order 1–10 TW/cm 2 . Atomic line profiles yield electron density and temperature from fitting of line profiles to wavelength and sensitivity corrected spectral radiance data. Analysis of measured diatomic emission data yields excitation temperature of primarily molecular recombination spectra. Applications of the laboratory experiments extend to investigations of stellar astrophysics white dwarf spectra.
Development of a Label-Free Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Detection of Tau381 and its Preliminary Application in AD and Non-AD Patients’ Sera
Authors: Tao Dan , Shui Bingqing , Gu Yingying , Cheng Jing , Zhang Weiying , Jaffrezic-Renault Nicole , Song Shizhen , Guo Zhenzhong
Published: July 2019

The electrochemical aptamer sensor has been designed for detecting tau381, a critical biomarker of Alzheimer′s disease in human serum. The aptasensor is obtained by immobilizing the aptamer on a carboxyl graphene/thionin/gold nanoparticle modified glassy-carbon electrode. As a probe and bridge molecule, thionin connected carboxyl graphene and gold nanoparticles, and gave the electrical signal. Under optimal conditions, the increment of differential pulse voltammetry signal increased linearly with the logarithm of tau381 concentration in the range from 1.0 pM to 100 pM, and limit of detection was 0.70 pM. The aptasensor reliability was evaluated by determining its selectivity, reproducibility, stability, detection limit, and recovery. Performance analysis of the tau381 aptasensor in 10 patients’ serum samples showed that the aptasensor could screen patients with and without Alzheimer′s disease. The proposed aptasensor has potential for use in clinically diagnosing Alzheimer′s disease in the early stage.
Investigating Consumer Preferences for Production Process Labeling Using Visual Attention Data
Authors: Wei Xuan , Khachatryan Hayk , Rihn Alicia L.
Published: July 2019

A second-price auction with eye movement recordings was used to investigate consumer preferences for labels disclosing the presence and absence of specific types of insecticides and to explore the relationship between visual attention and consumer purchasing behaviors. Findings contribute to the literature in the following ways. First, visual attention pattern was endogenously determined by personal knowledge and pollinator conservation activities. Less knowledgeable or less engaged participants fixated more and for longer durations on the product as a whole rather than other information. Secondly, the first and last gaze cascade effect was confirmed by identifying a significant negative impact of participants’ first and last gaze visits on neonicotinoid labels on their bid values. Third, new evidence was added to the existing literature that the link between visual attention and consumer valuation and preference may be weak. Our results suggest that visual attention could provide useful information toward understanding participants’ bidding behaviors; however, evidence indicates that visual attention measures may not be directly linked with decision making.
Activation, Deactivation and Reversibility Phenomena in Homogeneous Catalysis: A Showcase Based on the Chemistry of Rhodium/Phosphine Catalysts
Authors: Alberico Elisabetta , Möller Saskia , Horstmann Moritz , Drexler Hans-Joachim , Heller Detlef
Published: July 2019

In the present work, the rich chemistry of rhodium/phosphine complexes, which are applied as homogeneous catalysts to promote a wide range of chemical transformations, has been used to showcase how the in situ generation of precatalysts, the conversion of precatalysts into the actually active species, as well as the reaction of the catalyst itself with other components in the reaction medium (substrates, solvents, additives) can lead to a number of deactivation phenomena and thus impact the efficiency of a catalytic process. Such phenomena may go unnoticed or may be overlooked, thus preventing the full understanding of the catalytic process which is a prerequisite for its optimization. Based on recent findings both from others and the authors’ laboratory concerning the chemistry of rhodium/diphosphine complexes, some guidelines are provided for the optimal generation of the catalytic active species from a suitable rhodium precursor and the diphosphine of interest; for the choice of the best solvent to prevent aggregation of coordinatively unsaturated metal fragments and sequestration of the active metal through too strong metal–solvent interactions; for preventing catalyst poisoning due to irreversible reaction with the product of the catalytic process or impurities present in the substrate.
CCR5 Promoter Polymorphism −2459G > A: Forgotten or Ignored?
Authors: Mehlotra Rajeev K.
Published: July 2019

C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) polymorphisms, particularly a 32-base pair deletion (∆32) in the open reading frame and −2459G > A in the promoter, are well known for their associations with HIV-1 infection and/or disease progression in a variety of studies. In this era of an HIV cure, where all the emphasis is on ∆32, it seems that −2459G > A has been forgotten or ignored. There is significant importance in the incorporation of the CCR5 −2459G > A genotype information into studies evaluating new immunologic and chemotherapeutic strategies, and those designing and implementing better treatment strategies with current antiretroviral therapy, doing so would enable a better understanding of the response to the intervention, due to a mechanistic or constitutive explanation. Until we find a strategy, whether a stem-cell transplantation or CCR5 editing approach or something else, that delivers a cure to the millions, we should make use of every piece of information that may help curtail HIV/AIDS as a threat to public health.
Prognostic Significance of TWIST1, CD24, CD44, and ALDH1 Transcript Quantification in EpCAM-Positive Circulating Tumor Cells from Early Stage Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Strati Areti , Nikolaou Michail , Georgoulias Vassilis , Lianidou Evi
Published: July 2019

(1) Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of EMT-associated (TWIST1) and stem-cell (SC) transcript (CD24, CD44, ALDH1) quantification in EpCAM+ circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of early breast cancer patients. (2) Methods: 100 early stage breast cancer patients and 19 healthy donors were enrolled in the study. CD24, CD44, and ALDH1 transcripts of EpCAM+ cells were quantified using a novel highly sensitive and specific quadraplex RT-qPCR, while TWIST1 transcripts were quantified by single RT-qPCR. All patients were followed up for more than 5 years. (3) Results: A significant positive correlation between overexpression of TWIST1 and CD24−/low/CD44high profile was found. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the ER/PR-negative (HR-) patients and those patients with more than 3 positive lymph nodes that overexpressed TWIST1 in EpCAM+ cells had a significant lower DFI (log rank test; p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and OS (log rank test; p = 0.006, p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analysis also revealed the prognostic value of TWIST1 overexpression and CD24−/low/CD44high and CD24−/low/ALDH1high profile for both DFI and OS. (4) Conclusions: Detection of TWIST1 overexpression and stem-cell (CD24, CD44, ALDH1) transcripts in EpCAM+ CTCs provides prognostic information in early stage breast cancer patients.