bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Irrigation Scheduling and Fertigation on Quality of Bhagwa Cultivar of Pomegranate under Semi-arid Conditions of Rajasthan
Authors: Jangir Manisha , Meena K. K. , Kumar Vivek , Sharma Nupur
Published: March 2023

The field experiment was conducted at Horticulture farm, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura (Jaipur-Rajasthan) during 2019-20 and 2020-21. The experiment comprised of 12 treatment combinations consisting of 3 drip irrigation levels (50%, 75% and 100% at PE level) and 4 fertigation levels (100%, 75%, 50% of recommended dose of fertilizers through drip and 100% of RDF as basal dose). The experiment was laid out in factorial Randomized Block design. The experimental results revealed that among different treatment combinations highest fruit quality characters such as TSS (B0), TSS:Acid, reducing sugar (%), total sugar (%) and lowest value for acidity (%) and non-reducing sugar (%) of pomegranate fruit was found under treatment I2F3 (75% irrigation at PE level + 75 % RDF through drip).
The Development of Tidal Power System Can be Installed in Existing Dykes -The Open Channel Experimental Verification
Authors: Choi HyukJin , Ko Dong-Hui , Oh Nam-Sun , Jeong Shin Taek
Published: March 2023

As problems such as difficulties in securing stable energy resources and global warming due to the emission of greenhouse gases due to the use of fossil fuels have emerged, interest in the development of renewable energy is increasing. Since the tidal phenomenon has a regularity that occurs regularly with a certain period, it is possible to predict accurately in advance, which has a advantage in terms of energy recovery. Therefore, various methods have been devised to utilize the tide as an energy source. Tidal power using barrages is a representative method that is widely operated, but the promotion of tidal power generation projects is being delayed or stopped due to the decrease in the level of water in the tidal basin, changes in water quality and in the ecosystem. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to develop and verify the performance of a tidal power device applicable to sea areas where dykes are already installed. As a result of carrying out four cases of experiments using two water tanks, pipe lines, open channels, weirs, and water turbine and generator, the possibility of developing a power generation system capable of 10 kW output or more and 60% efficiency or more was confirmed. These research results can be used for small-scale tidal power by utilizing the existing dykes.
Trends and Racial and Geographic Differences in Infant Mortality in the United States Due to Necrotizing Enterocolitis, 1999 to 2020
Authors: Wolf Mattie F. , Rose Allison T. , Goel Ruchika , Canvasser Jennifer , Stoll Barbara J. , Patel Ravi M.
Published: March 2023

This cohort study analyzes yearly trends in necrotizing enterocolitis–related infant mortality rates (NEC-IMR) from 1999 to 2020, overall and by Black and White race, and described Black-to-White NEC-IMR ratios and NEC-IMR for US states.
A convolutional neural network model for EPID‐based non‐transit dosimetry
Authors: Bosco Lucas Dal , Franceries Xavier , Romain Blandine , Smekens François , Husson François , Le Lann Marie‐Véronique
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To develop an alternative computational approach for EPID‐based non‐transit dosimetry using a convolutional neural network model.

Method

A U‐net followed by a non‐trainable layer named True Dose Modulation recovering the spatialized information was developed. The model was trained on 186 Intensity‐Modulated Radiation Therapy Step & Shot beams from 36 treatment plans of different tumor locations to convert grayscale portal images into planar absolute dose distributions. Input data were acquired from an amorphous‐Silicon Electronic Portal Image Device and a 6 MV X‐ray beam. Ground truths were computed from a conventional kernel‐based dose algorithm. The model was trained by a two‐step learning process and validated through a five‐fold cross‐validation procedure with sets of training and validation of 80% and 20%, respectively. A study regarding the dependance of the amount of training data was conducted. The performance of the model was evaluated from a quantitative analysis based the ϒ‐index, absolute and relative errors computed between the inferred dose distributions and ground truths for six square and 29 clinical beams from seven treatment plans. These results were also compared to those of an existing portal image‐to‐dose conversion algorithm.

Results

For the clinical beams, averages of ϒ‐index and ϒ‐passing rate (2%‐2mm > 10% Dmax) of 0.24 (±0.04) and 99.29 (±0.70)% were obtained. For the same metrics and criteria, averages of 0.31 (±0.16) and 98.83 (±2.40)% were obtained with the six square beams. Overall, the developed model performed better than the existing analytical method. The study also showed that sufficient model accuracy can be achieved with the amount of training samples used.

Conclusion

A deep learning‐based model was developed to convert portal images into absolute dose distributions. The accuracy obtained shows that this method has great potential for EPID‐based non‐transit dosimetry.
The Role of Histone Modifications in Heat Signal Transduction in Plants
Authors: Bai Jiaoteng , Shi Zeyu , Zheng Shuzhi
Published: March 2023

Global warming and the more frequent occurrence of extremly high temperatures seriously affect crop yields. Heat stress (HS) has become a major environmental factor threatening food security worldwide. Understanding how plants sense and respond to HS is of clear interest to plant scientists and crop breeders. However, it is not trivial to elucidate the underlying signaling cascade, as specific cellular responses (ranging from detrimental to systemic effects) must be disentangled. Plants respond and adapt to high temperatures in many ways. In this review, recent progress in understanding heat signal transduction and the role of histone modifications in regulating the expression of genes involved in HS responses are discussed. The outstanding issues that are crucial for understanding the interactions between plants and HS are also discussed. The study of heat signal transduction mechanisms in plants is essential to facilitate the cultivation of heat‐resistant crop varieties.
Microfluidics for Rapid Detection of Live Pathogens
Authors: Spatola Rossi Carla , Coulon Frederic , Ma Shaohua , Zhang Yu Shrike , Yang Zhugen
Published: March 2023

Rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of live pathogens remains a key priority for quality control and risk assessment. While conventional methods often require complicated workflows, costly reagents, lab equipment, and are time‐consuming, rendering them inadequate for field testing and low‐resource settings. Increased attention has been drawn to developing alternative low‐cost and rapid methods to detect on‐site live pathogens in different environmental matrices. Among them, microfluidic devices that integrate various laboratory functions in a miniaturized manner have proven to be a promising tool for the rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens. Herein, the development of microfluidic devices specifically designed for the detection of live pathogens is discussed along a concise summary of novel microfluidics systems recently developed, contrasted to conventional methods regarding assay time, the limit of detection, and target organisms. These include a variety of micro total analysis systems (µTAS) and microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices (µPADs) in combination with molecular methods and traditional live cell detection techniques, such as cell culture, DNA intercalating dyes, resazurin, and immobilized bioreceptors (e.g., aptamers and capture antibodies). Furthermore, insights on the future perspectives of microfluidics for live pathogen detection with a highlight on the rapid and low‐cost method development for field testing are provided.
Multi‐Targeted Peptide‐Modified Gold Nanoclusters for Treating Solid Tumors in the Liver
Authors: Xiao Feng , Chen Yao , Qi Jie , Yao Qiaofeng , Xie Jianping , Jiang Xingyu
Published: March 2023

Apoptosis and autophagy determine the fate of cancer cells. However, simply promoting apoptosis of tumor cells is limited in the treatment of unresectable solid liver tumors. Generally, autophagy is considered the anti‐apoptotic “guardian”. But the pro‐apoptotic effects of autophagy can be activated by excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, amphiphilic peptide‐modified glutathione (GSH)‐gold nanocluster aggregates (AP1P2‐PEG NCs) were designed with the enrichment of solid liver tumors and the prolonged stress in the ER, which can achieve the mutual promotion of autophagy and apoptosis in liver tumor cells. In this study, orthotopic and subcutaneous liver tumor models show the anti‐tumor effectiveness of AP1P2‐PEG NCs, with a better antitumor effect than sorafenib, biosafety (Lethal Dose, 50% (LD50) of 827.3 mg kg−1), wide therapeutic window (non‐toxic in 20 times of therapeutic concentration) and high stability (blood half‐life of 4 h). These findings identify an effective strategy to develop peptide‐modified gold nanocluster aggregates with low toxicity, high potency, and selectivity for solid liver tumors treatment.
Bioceramics in the CaMgSi2O6–Li2O System: A Glass‐Ceramic Strategy for Excellent Mechanical Strength and Enhanced Bioactivity by Spontaneous Elemental Redistribution
Authors: Tseng Yu‐Sheng , Su Yun‐Han , Chen Chia‐Lin , Zhang Ji , Wang Chih‐Kuang , Hanaor Dorian Amir Henry , Chen Wen‐Fan
Published: March 2023

A novel glass‐ceramic strategy for synthesizing mixed phase diopside (CaMgSi2O6)–lithium oxide (Li2O) bioceramics with excellent mechanical strength, superior biodegradation resistance, low environmental pH impact, enhanced bioactivity, and reasonable biocompatibility is developed for biomedical applications. The substitution of Li2O for MgO in CaMgSi2O6 stimulates the formation of secondary phases: CaSiO3, Li2Si2O5, SiO2, Li2SiO3, and Li2Ca2Si5O13. The evolution of CaSiO3 improves the surface hydroxyapatite (HAp) formation but lowers the mechanical strength and biological resistance, while the amorphous Li2Si2O5 phase tremendously reinforces the bioceramics by densifying the microstructure, indicating the simultaneous enhancement of bioactivity, mechanical strength, and durability. The promoted HAp formation is induced by the elemental redistribution where Mg elements are concentrated in large CaMgSi2O6 grains embedded in Li2Si2O5 amorphous matrix, which hinders the Mg2+ release and its readsorption by HAp. The cell viability is affected by Li2O substitution because of the high‐dose Li+. In the current work, Li0.25 (25 mol% Li2O) has the highest hardness (700 Hv as sintered and 197 Hv after simulated body fluid soaking), lowest weight loss (≈0.6 wt%), lowest pH variation (≈8.1), efficient HAp formation, and reasonable cell viability (70.5%), demonstrating its remarkable potential for bone implant applications due to the synergistic structural densification and biological improvement.
Oriented Surface‐Anchored Metal–Organic Frameworks (SurMOFs) as Electrochromic Thin Films
Authors: Mazel Antoine , Rocco Lucas , Penin Nicolas , Rougier Aline
Published: March 2023

Novel electrochromic hybrid thin films are synthesized following a liquid‐phase epitaxy in a layer‐by‐layer fashion, yielding highly oriented surface‐anchored metal–organic frameworks (SurMOFs). The initial orange color of this {Zn2(PDICl4)2} crystalline thin films is reversibly switched by electrochemical reduction. In a lithium‐based electrolyte, a dark blue color is obtained in few seconds with a color efficiency of 104.8 cm2 C−1 (λ = 645 nm). Interestingly, the color of the reduced state is easily modulated by changing the electrolyte composition. Clearly, two different mechanisms are implicated and the reduced species responsible of the color are identified. Taking advantage of this unusual property, electrochromic devices with a novel configuration are designed leading to an original prototype capable of reversibly switching from a single initial orange color to two different colors simultaneously, namely dark blue and cyan.
GPNet: Key Point Generation Auxiliary Network for Object Detection
Authors: Shao Mingwen , Sun Yuantao , Liu Zeting , Peng Zilu , Li Shunhang , Li Cunhe
Published: March 2023

For existing object detectors, anchor‐based detectors lack global information, while anchor‐free detectors based on key points lack prior position information. The above issues may lead to the imbalance of detection accuracy and shape robustness. In order to alleviate the above contradictions, a new auxiliary network key point generation network (GPNet) is proposed to improve the performance of existing object detectors. Specifically, a series of key points are generated through ground truth (GT) supervision to obtain more global information. These key points generate pseudo boxes (Pbox) with learnable parameters. Pbox has more specific prior information than the manually designed candidate boxes. The scale information of the Pbox is embed into the classification branch to obtain a more appropriate receptive field. In addition, a novel improved strategy for label assignment by combining Pbox and GT to enhance the ability to classify positive and negative samples is proposed. Extensive experiments on multiple dense prediction methods validate the effectiveness of GPNet, with a performance improvement of 1.5 AP over baseline. In particular, with ResNext‐101‐64× 4d‐DCN as the backbone, this method achieves 49.5 AP with single‐scale testing.
Novel filamin C (FLNC) variant causes a severe form of familial mixed hypertrophic‐restrictive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gaudreault Nathalie , Ruel Louis‐Jacques , Henry Cyndi , Schleit Jennifer , Lagüe Patrick , Champagne Jean , Sénéchal Mario , Sarrazin Jean‐François , Philippon François , Bossé Yohan , Steinberg Christian
Published: March 2023

Variants of filamin C (FLNC) have been identified as rare genetic substrate for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Data on the clinical course of FLNC‐related HCM are conflicting with some studies suggesting mild phenotypes whereas other studies have reported more severe outcomes. In this study, we present a novel FLNC variant (Ile1937Asn) that was identified in a large family of French‐Canadian descent with excellent segregation data. FLNC‐Ile1937Asn is a novel missense variant characterized by full penetrance and poor clinical outcomes. End stage heart failure requiring transplantation occurred in 43% and sudden cardiac death in 29% of affected family members. Other particular features of FLNC‐Ile1937Asn include an early disease onset (mean age of 19 years) and the development of a marked atrial myopathy (severe biatrial dilatation with remodeling and multiple complex atrial arrhythmias) that was present in all gene carriers. The FLNC‐Ile1937Asn variant is a novel, pathogenic mutation resulting in a severe form of HCM with full disease penetrance. The variant is associated with a high proportion of end‐stage heart failure, heart transplantation, and disease‐related mortality. Close follow‐up and appropriate risk stratification of affected individuals at specialized heart centers is recommended.
Design and Synthesis of Nitro Cage Heterocycles as Energetic Materials Derived from Pentacycloundecane (PCUD) Systems
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Salman Mohammad , Lal Sohan , Rao Cheekatla Subba , Ansari Saima
Published: March 2023

A variety of pentacycloundecane (PCUD) based cage compounds containing nitro groups were synthesized via a simple synthetic method starting with cage diones. Eight PCUDs were used for nitro functionalization. These cage diones were prepared starting with easily accessible starting materials such as 2,3‐dimethylhydroquinone, 1,4‐dihydroxybenzene, and cyclopentadiene. Here, we have used Diels‐Alder (DA) reaction, [2+2] photocycloaddition, and Henry reaction as key steps. Transannular cyclization plays an important role to generate a nitro substituted cage heterocycles via base promoted reaction using nitromethane as a reagent. Some of these oxa‐cage structures have been further supported by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Energetic performance of the title compounds was evaluated using DFT based calculations. These bis(nitromethyl)octahydro‐1H‐1,3,4,6(epiethane‐[1,1,2,2]tetrayl)‐pentaleno[1,6‐bc]furan analogues (11 b–18 b) owned the densities in the range of 1.37–1.60 g/cm3. All the studied compounds possess high positive enthalpy of formation (33.68–230.48 kJ/mol, except compound with dimethyl groups (16 b, −11.38 kJ/mol) and very good thermal (Tm=99–147 °C) and kinetic stabilities. Ammonium perchlorate based various propulsion formulations suggests that these compounds could be excellent candidates in the solid rocket propulsion.
Associations between duration of first trimester intrauterine exposure to genocide against the Tutsi and health outcomes in adulthood
Authors: Uwizeye Glorieuse , Rutherford Julienne N. , Thayer Zaneta M.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Hundreds of thousands of Rwandans were conceived during the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi, including thousands conceived by genocidal rape. We explore whether the duration of first trimester exposure to the genocide is associated with variation in adult mental health outcomes in individuals exposed to varying degrees of genocide‐related stress in utero.

Materials and Methods

We recruited 30 Rwandans conceived via genocidal rape, 31 Rwandans conceived by genocide survivors not raped, and 30 individuals of Rwandan‐descent who were conceived outside of Rwanda at the time of the genocide (control group). Individuals were age‐ and sex‐matched across groups. Adult mental health was assessed through standardized questionnaires for vitality, anxiety, and depression.

Results

Among the genocide only group, a longer duration of first trimester prenatal exposure was associated with higher anxiety scores and lower vitality (both p < 0.010), and higher depression scores (p = 0.051). Duration of first trimester exposure was not associated with any measures of mental health among the genocidal rape or control group.

Discussion

Duration of exposure to genocide in the first trimester of gestation was associated with variation in adult mental health among the genocide only group. The lack of association between duration of first trimester exposure to genocide and adult mental health in the genocidal rape group may reflect the fact that stress associated with conception through rape persisted beyond the genocide period itself, encompassing all of gestation and likely beyond. Geopolitical and community interventions are needed in the context of extreme events during pregnancy to mitigate adverse intergenerational outcomes.
Correlated Two‐Photon Scattering in a 1D Waveguide Coupled to an N‐Type Four‐Level Emitter
Authors: Yi Zhen , Huang He , Yan Yan , Sun Lihui , Gu Wenju
Published: March 2023

Correlated two‐photon scattering in a waveguide quantum electrodynamics system consisting of a four‐level ‐type emitter (4LE) sidely coupled to a one‐dimensional (1D) waveguide is studied. In the two‐photon regime, scattering eigenstates of the system are constructed by imposing an open boundary condition and defining the incident state as a free plane wave, which includes a photon–photon bound state that passes through the 4LE as a composite single particle. In the multilevel system, the bound state can be tuned by the interference to generate controllable types of interactions (attractive or repulsive) and interaction strengths. Photon‐induced tunneling (bunching) in transmission and photon blockade (antibunching) in reflection are found in the system. In addition, the scattering photon pair off the system is strongly entangled in momentum space.
Enhanced tensile and barrier properties of modified LLDPE with rubbery materials and graphene nanoplatelets for packaging application
Authors: Busu Wan Nazri Wan , Yusof Muhammad Jefri Mohd , Bakar Mohammad Shafeq Abu , Akbar Adawiyah , Chen Ruey Shan , Shahdan Dalila , Zailan Farrah Diyana , Ahmad Sahrim
Published: March 2023

Linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) is widely used in industries. It possesses remarkable characteristics such as low density, easy to process, and recyclable. However, LLDPE‐based products are known to be highly permeable to water and oxygen, thus limiting their application as packaging material. In this study, natural rubber (NR) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were mixed with LLDPE to produce thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites films as a novel, potential packaging material with the aid of liquid natural rubber (LNR) as compatibilizing agent. The formulation modification of GNP, NR, and LNR components influenced the mechanical and barrier properties of the resulting nanocomposites. The mixing methods, i.e., direct melt‐mixing and masterbatch mixing (MB) were also investigated. Apparently, tensile test for samples prepared from MB mixing method yielded better results compared to samples from direct melt‐mixing. Permeability tests of water vapor (WVP) and oxygen (OTR) demonstrated that LLDPE/GNP/NR/LNR nanocomposites films managed to reduce the permeability rate of WVP and OTR of pure LLDPE by 92.73% and 98.60%, respectively. The tortuous theory had been confirmed that the experimental data best fit the Nielsen model at aspect ratio of 20, 30 and 10, 20, 40, 200 for WVP and OTR, respectively.
Tamm Plasmon Polaritons Hydrogen Sensors
Authors: Chen Yu‐Sheng , Yang Zih‐Ying , Ye Ming‐Jyun , Wu Wen‐Hsiang , Chen Lu‐Hsing , Shen Hung‐Jung , Ishii Satoshi , Nagao Tadaaki , Chen Kuo‐Ping
Published: March 2023

Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) resonance can be excited within the stopband of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) by combining a thin metal film. When exposured to hydrogen gas, the TPP resonance feature is redshifted for the TPPs structure with palladium (Pd) on the top, due to hydrogen‐induced palladium lattice expansion. By utilizing a DBR‐side TPP structure, near‐zero reflectance can be achieved, leading to more than 3 orders of magnitude changes in reflectance compared to metal‐side TPP structure. The proposed TPP hydrogen structure enables the detection with low H2 concentration from 0.5% to 4%. Comparing to the only Pd film, TPP sensor has increased the sensitivity about 100% at visible wavelengths.
Using early extremes to place the 2022 UK heat waves into historical context
Authors: Yule Emma L. , Hegerl Gabriele , Schurer Andrew , Hawkins Ed
Published: March 2023

As global surface temperatures continue to rise, both the duration and the intensity of heat waves across most land areas are expected to increase. The 2022 European summer broke a number of temperature records where a new record daily maximum temperature of 40.3°C was reached on 19th July making it the hottest July heat wave event in the UK. This paper aims to detect and analyse historical heat wave events, particularly prior to 1927 and compare these with recent events, particularly, 2022, which featured four summer heat wave events in the UK. This allows us to understand how noteworthy historical extremes are in comparison to those in recent decades, to place modern events into historical context, and to extend the sample of extreme events. Summer heat wave events have been detected between 1878 and 2022 from long station data in the UK. Heat wave extent, duration, and intensity have been analysed to compare past heat waves to the recent 2022 heat waves. For each of the summer months at least one of the top 10 most intense events between 1878 and 2022 occurred in the earliest third of the dataset (before 1927) emphasising the value of analysing early heat events. In all detected events, the anomalous UK heat was part of large‐scale European extreme heat when examining 20th‐century reanalysis data, associated with a high‐pressure system. The 2022 July event resembles in pattern of warming and circulation some earlier events, for example, in 1925. While there is a clear trend in the monthly data and the overall frequency of anomalously hot days, heat wave activity on daily scales even in the period 1878 and 1926 is considerable and in some cases comparable to modern heat wave events in the UK. The most intense events detected led to societal impacts based on UK newspaper articles from the period including impacts on the agricultural sector, health impacts, and travel disruptions, broadly comparable to impacts from recent events.
Strategien zur Implementierung der Kreislaufwirtschaft beim Bauen mit Beton
Authors: Thiel Charlotte , Strasser Juliane , Obergrießer Mathias , Linner Thomas
Published: March 2023

Beton ist das am meisten verwendete Baumaterial weltweit. CO2‐Emissionen, die bei der Zement‐ und Betonherstellung anfallen, müssen reduziert, Produktionsmethoden verbessert und Betonzusammensetzungen angepasst werden. Zudem steigt die Nachfrage nach Beton, während fossile Brennstoffreserven und die Verfügbarkeit von mineralischen Rohstoffen abnehmen. Hinzu kommt, dass bei der Betonherstellung neue mineralogische Phasen entstehen, was ein echtes Recycling erschwert. Die Implementierung kreislaufkonformer Strategien wie der Verlängerung der Nutzungsphase ist ein wichtiger Hebel, um Umweltwirkungen im Bauwesen zu reduzieren, und erfordert die ganzheitliche Betrachtung des Bauwerks. Besonders großes Potenzial liefern hier die digital vernetzte und modellbasierte Planung sowie die darauf aufbauende robotergestützte Fertigung der Bauteile, mit der sich leicht lösbare Verbindungen, einfach rückbaubare, multifunktionale, flexible sowie bzgl. Dauerhaftigkeit optimierte Strukturen ökologisch und kosteneffizient generieren lassen. Technisch wären bereits viele Projekte in der Praxis umsetzbar, allerdings müssen hierzu die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen verbessert und bürokratische Hürden abgebaut werden. Dieser Beitrag hat das Ziel, das Bewusstsein für den nötigen Wechsel von der Linear‐ zur Kreislaufwirtschaft im Betonbau und den korrespondierenden Daten zu erhöhen und dem Planer einfache Grundsätze für den Entwurf, die Ausschreibung und Umsetzung mitzugeben, um jetzt schon einen wichtigen Beitrag zum verantwortungsvollen Umgang mit immer knapper werdenden Ressourcen zu leisten.
An oncospace for human cancers
Authors: Aguadé‐Gorgorió Guim , Costa José , Solé Ricard
Published: March 2023

Human cancers comprise an heterogeneous array of diseases with different progression patterns and responses to therapy. However, they all develop within a host context that constrains their natural history. Since it occurs across the diversity of organisms, one can conjecture that there is order in the cancer multiverse. Is there a way to capture the broad range of tumor types within a space of the possible? Here we define the oncospace, a coordinate system that integrates the ecological, evolutionary and developmental components of cancer complexity. The spatial position of a tumor results from its departure from the healthy tissue along these three axes, and progression trajectories inform about the components driving malignancy across cancer subtypes. We postulate that the oncospace topology encodes new information regarding tumorigenic pathways, subtype prognosis, and therapeutic opportunities: treatment design could benefit from considering how to nudge tumors toward empty evolutionary dead ends in the oncospace.
Falling through the cracks: Failing to identify compromised Miranda abilities for defendants with limited cognitive capacities
Authors: Tazi Kamar Y. , Rogers Richard
Published: March 2023

Custodial suspects must be informed of their Miranda rights (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966) prior to police questioning. Since this landmark decision, scholars have rigorously studied Miranda comprehension and reasoning among vulnerable groups including those with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, the focus on ID has left arrestees with limited cognitive capacities (i.e., LCCs with IQs between 70 and 85) entirely overlooked. The current dataset addressed this oversight using a large (N = 820) sample of pretrial defendants who had completed the Standardized Assessment of Miranda Abilities (SAMA). Traditional (i.e., ID and no‐ID) criterion groups were first analyzed with the standard error of measurement (SEM) removed. Second, a nuanced three‐group framework included defendants with LCCs. Results indicate that LCC defendants are vulnerable to impaired Miranda comprehension (i.e., limited recall of the Miranda warning and deficits in Miranda‐related vocabulary knowledge). Not surprisingly, their waiver decisions were often impaired by crucial misconceptions (e.g., seeing the investigating officers as beneficently on their side). The practical implications of these findings were underscored with respect to Constitutional safeguards for this critically important group, who have appeared to fall through the cracks in the criminal justice system.
Trauma‐informed care in childcare organisations to support children exposed to child maltreatment: Joint conclusions of four European countries
Authors: Dierickx Serafine , Bisagno Elisa , Varga‐Sabján Dóra , Morva Dorottya , Linde‐Ozola Zane , László Noémi , Cadamuro Alessia , Mosleh Dima Bou , Rózsa Mónika , De Fazio Giovanna Laura , Gruber Andrea , Kandāte Annija , Blom Johanna M. C. , Wuyts Dorien
Published: March 2023

Trauma‐informed care is emerging as a promising good practice to recognise, treat and prevent trauma in young children. The use of trauma‐informed care in childcare organisations might have a positive impact on children who suffer from child maltreatment. The current study organised desk research and focus group discussions with professional experts in Latvia, Italy, Hungary and Belgium to assess if trauma‐informed care is known, applied or taught. The joint conclusions of the desk research and the focus group discussions demonstrated that childcare professionals currently lack the knowledge, skills and attitude to engage in trauma‐informed care. Even though they have ways to prevent and tackle trauma, these ways are often based on gut feeling or experience and are not formalised or explicitly addressed. This lack of conscious knowhow is an issue that possibly leads to underreporting of situations of child maltreatment and a lack of attuned responses to children suffering from child maltreatment. Overall, there were no training initiatives focused on trauma‐informed care for childcare professionals, which might explain why these good practices do not reach the sector.
A rare case of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II
Authors: Mamytova Elmira , Jusupova Asel , Toktomametova Anara , Karbozova Kunduz , Kadyrova Begimay , Vityala Yethindra , Tagaev Tugolbai
Published: March 2023

We describe the follow‐up of a 29‐year‐old man diagnosed with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II, including the different complications that presented since his childhood. Despite efforts to maintain an optimal quality of life, the lack of an early diagnosis led to an unfavorable prognosis and life condition.
Porous Iron‐Nitrogen‐Carbon Electrocatalysts for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFC)
Authors: Ricciardi Beatrice , Mecheri Barbara , da Silva Freitas Williane , Ficca Valerio C. A. , Placidi Ernesto , Gatto Irene , Carbone Alessandra , Capasso Andrea , D'Epifanio Alessandra
Published: March 2023

High‐performance platinum group metal‐free (PGM‐free) electrocatalysts were prepared from porous organic polymers (POPs) precursors with highly‐porous structures and adjustable surface area. A resin phenol‐melamine‐based POP and an iron salt were used to synthesize Fe−N−C catalysts with different iron contents (0.2–1.3 wt.%). Electrochemical and spectroscopical characterization allowed us to elucidate the effect of Fe content on the material's structure, surface chemistry, and electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The increase of iron content led to a specific surface area decrease, preserving the morphological structure, with the formation of highly‐active catalytic sites, as indicated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The rotating ring disk electrode experiments, performed at pH=13, confirmed the high ORR activity of both 0.5 Fe (E1/2=0.84 V) and 1.3 Fe (E1/2=0.83 V) catalysts, which were assembled at the cathode of a H2‐fed anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) equipped with a FAA‐3‐50 membrane, evidencing promising performance (0.5 Fe, maximum power density, Max PD=69 mA cm−2 and 1.3 Fe, Max PD=87 mA cm−2) with further advancement prospects.
Reversible Photooxygenation of Anthracene Carboxyimide for Singlet Oxygen Formation: Mechanistic Study and Efficient Nitrite Detection
Authors: Ni Yanhai , Fang Wangjian , Baldridge Kim K. , Olson Mark A.
Published: March 2023

Polycyclic aromatic endoperoxides are important sources of singlet oxygen (1O2) and their formation from polyacenes is well established. Anthracene carboxyimides are of particular interest as they exhibit excellent antitumor activity and possess unique photochemical properties. However, the photooxygenation of the synthetically versatile anthracene carboxyimide moiety has not been reported due to its competing [4+4] photodimerization reaction. Herein, we describe the reversible photo‐oxidation of an anthracene carboxyimide. X‐ray crystallographic analysis surprisingly revealed the formation of a racemic mixture of chiral hydroperoxides, rather than the expected endoperoxide. The photoproduct undergoes both photo‐ and thermolysis to form 1O2. Activation parameters were derived for the thermolysis and the mechanisms of photooxygenation and thermolysis are discussed. The anthracene carboxyimide also showed high selectivity and sensitivity for nitrite anions in acidic aqueous media and possessed stimuli‐responsive behaviour.
Monte Carlo simulation of terpolymerization: Optimizing the simulation and post‐processing times
Authors: Rego Artur S. C. , Amaral Amanda M. , Brandão Amanda L. T.
Published: March 2023

Monte Carlo simulations are a useful and easy way to understand a polymerization reaction process properly. However, achieving reliable results with Monte Carlo simulations can also lead to prohibitive computational times and a considerable amount of data to be processed afterward. The present study analyses the Monte Carlo simulation of a steady‐state terpolymerization process to reduce the overall computational time of the simulation and the post‐processing of its results. Different sorting algorithms (Bubble, Insertion, Selection, and Tim) and Python libraries (Joblib and Numba) were used. The chain composition distribution and the micro‐structures resultant of different scenarios were assessed by processing the simulated mechanism results. The simulation time results indicate the Tim sorting algorithm as the best to use in the post‐processing step and the Numba library as the best suited for both the simulation and the post‐processing step.
Effect of Dietary Intake on the Pharmacokinetics of the Multitargeted Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Famitinib: Results From a Phase 1 Study in Healthy Chinese Participants
Authors: Zhang Xiaoran , Shi Gexin , Li Shaorong , Rao Jing , Wen Qing , Zhao Hengli
Published: March 2023

Famitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor under clinical investigation for the treatment of solid tumors. Here, a 3‐period crossover trial investigated the effect of high‐fat or low‐fat food intake on the single‐dose pharmacokinetic properties of oral famitinib. Twenty‐four healthy Chinese participants were enrolled and received a single 25‐mg dose of famitinib malate capsule following a high‐fat or low‐fat breakfast before dosing. Blood samples were collected before dosing (0 hour) to 192 hours after dosing, and famitinib concentrations in plasma were determined with validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Compared with the fasting condition, the geometric mean ratios for low‐fat/fasting were 98.6%, 107.7%, and 107.5% for maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) over the dosing interval, and AUC from time 0 to infinity, respectively. Those for high‐fat/fasting were 84.4%, 105.0%, and 105.1% for maximum plasma concentration, AUC over the dosing interval, and AUC from time 0 to infinity, respectively. There was no significant difference in adverse events between fasting and fed conditions, and no serious adverse events occurred during the trial. In conclusion, oral famitinib bioavailability is not affected by food intake, implying that patients with cancer do not need to consider dietary status when using famitinib. This is considered important for convenience and treatment compliance.
Real‐time evaluation of the biocompatibility of calcium silicate‐based endodontic cements: An in vitro study
Authors: Rebolledo Soledad , Alcántara‐Dufeu Raúl , Luengo Machuca Luis , Ferrada Luciano , Sánchez‐Sanhueza Gabriela Alejandra
Published: March 2023

Introduction

An ideal filling material should hermetically seal the communication pathways between the canal system and surrounding tissues. Therefore, during the last few years, the development of obturation materials and techniques to create optimal conditions for the proper healing of apical tissues has been a focus of interest. The effects of calcium silicate‐based cements (CSCs) on periodontal ligament cells have been investigated, and promising results have been obtained. To date, there are no reports in the literature that have evaluated the biocompatibility of CSCs using a real‐time live cell system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the real‐time biocompatibility of CSCs with human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs).

Methodology

hPDLC were cultured with testing media of endodontic cements for 5 days: TotalFill‐BC Sealer, BioRoot RCS, Tubli‐Seal, AH Plus, MTA ProRoot, Biodentine, and TotalFill‐BC RRM Fast Set Putty. Cell proliferation, viability, and morphology were quantified using real‐time live cell microscopy with the IncuCyte S3 system. Data were analyzed using the one‐way repeated measures (RM) analysis of variance multiple comparison test (p < .05).

Results

Compared to the control group, cell proliferation in the presence of all cements was significantly affected at 24 h (p < .05). ProRoot MTA and Biodentine lead to an increase in cell proliferation; there were no significant differences with the control group at 120 h. In contrast, Tubli‐Seal and TotalFill‐BC Sealer inhibited cell growth in real‐time and significantly increased cell death compared to all groups. hPDLC co‐cultured with sealer and repair cements showed a spindle‐shaped morphology except with cements Tubli‐Seal and TotalFill‐BC Sealer where smaller and rounder cells were obtained.

Conclusions

The biocompatibility of the endodontic repair cements performed better than the sealer cements, highlighting the cell proliferation of the ProRoot MTA and Biodentine in real‐time. However, the calcium silicate‐based TotalFill‐BC Sealer presented a high percentage of cell death throughout the experiment similar to that obtained.
Electrical conductivity measurement using a microfluidic chip and evaluation of vsiscosity by Walden's rule
Authors: Sakamoto Kenji , Hachiya Yuriko , Kobayashi Koichiro
Published: March 2023

In this study, the electrical conductivity of low‐volume samples was measured using a prototype microfluidic chip with electrodes. We were able to show the difference of electrical conductivity in the samples of saline solution (0.9w/v% NaCl solution) with sucrose. The correlation between the electrical conductivity and the viscosity evaluated by the capillary method was shown. This correlation was shown that it is possible to evaluate viscosity based on the Walden's rule with our chip.
Comparison of liver fibrosis scores for predicting mortality and morbidity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Cao Yalin , Guo Siyu , Dong Yugang , Liu Chen , Zhu Wengen
Published: March 2023

Aims

Liver fibrosis scores (LFSs) are non‐invasive and effective tools for estimating cardiovascular risks. To better understand the advantages and limitations of currently available LFSs, we determined to compare the predictive values of LFSs in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) for primary composite outcome, atrial fibrillation (AF), and other clinical outcomes.

Methods and results

This was a secondary analysis of the TOPCAT trial, and 3212 HFpEF patients were enrolled. Five LFSs, namely, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), fibrosis‐4 score (FIB‐4), BARD, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, and Health Utilities Index (HUI) scores were adopted. Cox proportional hazard model and competing risk regression model were performed to assess the associations between LFSs and outcomes. The discriminatory power of each LFS was evaluated by calculating the area under the curves (AUCs). During a median follow‐up of 3.3 years, a 1‐point increase in the NFS [hazard ratio (HR) 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.17], BARD (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.10–1.30), and HUI (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.09–1.89) scores was associated with an increased risk of primary outcome. Patients with high levels of NFS (HR 1.63; 95% CI 1.26–2.13), BARD (HR 1.64; 95% CI 1.25–2.15), AST/ALT ratio (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.05–1.60), and HUI (HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.02–1.53) were at an increased risk of primary outcome. Subjects who developed AF were more likely to have high NFS (HR 2.21; 95% CI 1.13–4.32). High levels of NFS and HUI scores were a significant predictor of any hospitalization and hospitalization for heart failure. The AUCs for the NFS in predicting primary outcome (0.672; 95% CI 0.642–0.702) and incident of AF (0.678; 95% CI 0.622–0.734) were higher than other LFSs.

Conclusions

In light of these findings, NFS appears to have superior predictive and prognostic utility compared with AST/ALT ratio, FIB‐4, BARD, and HUI scores. Clinical trial registration: (https://clinicaltrials.gov). Unique identifier: NCT00094302.
USP48 alleviates bone cancer pain and regulates MrgC stabilization in spinal cord neurons of male mice
Authors: Yu Jiacheng , Hou Bailing , Huang Yulin , Wang Xiaoyu , Qian Yue , Liang Ying , Gu Xiaoping , Ma Zhengliang , Sun Yue
Published: March 2023

Background

Ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of the Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor C (MrgC) reduces the number of receptors. However, the specific deubiquitinating enzyme antagonize this process has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of ubiquitin‐specific protease‐48 (USP48) on bone cancer pain (BCP) and its effect on MrgC.

Methods

A mouse model of BCP was established. BCP behaviours of mice were assessed after intrathecal injection of adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐USP48. USP48 and MrgC interactions were studied by immunoprecipitation. Overexpression and knockdown of USP48 were conducted in N2a cells to investigate the effect of USP48 on MrgC receptor number and ubiquitination.

Results

Spinal cord level USP48 expression was reduced in mice with BCP. Intrathecal injection of AAV‐USP48 increased paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and reduced spontaneous flinching in mice. In N2a cells, there were increased number of MrgC receptors after overexpression of USP48 and decreased number of MrgC receptors after knockdown of USP48. USP48 interacted with MrgC and overexpression of USP48 altered the level of ubiquitination of MrgC.

Conclusion

USP48 antagonizes ubiquitin‐mediated autophagic degradation of MrgC and alleviates BCP in a murine animal model. Our findings may provide a new perspective for the treatment of BCP.

Significance

Our finding may provide an important theoretical basis as well as an intervention target for clinical development of drugs for BCP.
Techno−Economic Analysis and Multi‐Objective Optimization of Cross‐Flow Wind Turbines for Smart Building Energy Systems
Authors: Sefidgar Zahra , Ashrafizadeh Ali , Arabkoohsar Ahmad
Published: March 2023

This work reports a technical, economic, and environmental investigation of the possibility of using a recently developed smallscale crossflow wind turbine (CFWT) to supply the energy demand of buildings for different integration scenarios. For this purpose, three CFWT‐assisted building energy system configurations with heat pumps, with and without batteries, and two‐way interaction with the local grid in two residential building models in Iran and Germany are investigated. Triobjective optimization with a Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA‐II) is performed for finding the optimal configuration of the energy system in different configurations. For economic assessment, the Capital Budgeting Analysis method is used with four indicators, namely, payback period (PP), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and profitability index (PI). The results show that due to different energy market regulations and prices, different integration scenarios and system configurations can outperform others in Germany and Iran. Overall, due to the exchange rate instability and low energy tariff in Iran, in order for the project to be feasible, either the CFWT cost must fall to below 30% of its current cost or the local electricity price should increase significantly to get a Levelized cost of energy of as low as 0.6 $ kWh−1.
Field‐scale reactive transport assessment of CO2 storage in the Farnsworth unit through enhanced oil recovery practices
Authors: Kutsienyo Eusebius J. , Appold Martin S. , White Mark D. , Ampomah William
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the transport and fate of CO2 injected into a sandstone reservoir in the western Farnsworth Unit, a hydrocarbon field in northern Texas. The study employed three‐dimensional multifluid‐phase numerical reactive solute and heat transport modeling. Model inputs were obtained from previous field characterization studies and calibrated to 8 years of historical production data. The CO2 in the models was injected through multiple wells for the first 25 years of the simulations according to a water‐alternating gas schedule. The simulations were carried out for a total of 1000 years in order to study the long‐term effects of CO2 injection.

The results show that the largest fraction of the injected CO2 is stored in oil, followed by successively smaller amounts in the formation water, carbonate mineral phases, and as an immiscible gas phase. The small fraction of CO2 present as an immiscible gas, the most mobile phase for CO2, aids in the long‐term sequestration security of the injected CO2. The injected CO2 was found to migrate within a maximum radius of around 500 m of the injection wells. This means that changes in fluid pressure, temperature, composition, and reservoir mineralogy were also limited to occurring within this radius. This radius is very sensitive to model relative permeability and capillary pressure values, which were determined from history matching to the field production data. The models predicted dolomite to be the main mineral sink for the injected CO2. Quartz was another mineral predicted to precipitate, whereas calcite, albite, chlorite, illite, and kaolinite were predicted to dissolve. The changes in mineral abundance had minimal effect on porosity, implying that the permeability of the reservoir should also not change much because of CO2 injection. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.