bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupled rehabilitation protocols and neural plasticity: Upper	extremity improvements in chronic hemiparesis
Authors: Cauraugh James H.
Published: December 2024

Identifying effective rehabilitation interventions founded on sound theoretical and neurophysiological bases should decrease the prevalence of motor disabilities and chronic hemiparesis. This article addresses two theoretically sound behavioral interventions: (a) active neuromuscular stimulation on the impaired upper extremity and (b) coupled bilateral coordination training (i.e., mirrored movements on the less impaired limb combined with active stimulation on the impaired limb). The series of stroke motor recovery experiments currently reviewed clearly indicate that sensorimotor integration theory and bimanual coordination theory are viable candidates for directing behavioral rehabilitation approaches. Indeed, the reported evidence clearly supports activity dependent neural plasticity for progress toward stroke motor recovery.
BG01V: A variant human embryonic stem cell line which exhibits	rapid growth after passaging and reliable dopaminergic differentiation
Authors: Zeng Xianmin , Chen Jia , Liu Ying , Luo Yongquan , Schulz Thomas C. , Robins Allan J. , Rao Mahendra S. , Freed William J.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To explore a karyotypically abnormal variant human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line, BG01V, as a potential model for studies of dopaminergic neuronal differentiation.

Methods: The properties of BG01V cells were compared to those of normal BG01 cells using immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, focused microarrays and in vitro differentiation, including dopaminergic differentiation, by culturing with the stromal cell line PA6.

Results: Despite the karyotypic abnormality (49, +12, +17 and XXY), undifferentiated BG01V cells expressed pluripotent ESC markers similar to BG01 cells, and retained the ability to differentiate into cell types characteristic of all three germ layers. When co-cultured with the stromal cell line PA6, BG01V cells differentiated into dopaminergic cells which exhibited properties similar to those of mature dopaminergic neurons.

Conclusions: BG01V cells were easier to maintain in culture than karyotypically normal BG01 cells and can be used as an alternative pluripotent hESC type for in vitro developmental studies.
Virtual reality applications for the remapping of space in neglect	patients
Authors: Ansuini Caterina , Pierno Andrea Cristiano , Lusher Dean , Castiello Umberto
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The aims of the present article were the following: (i) to provide some evidence of the potential of virtual reality (VR) for the assessment, training and recovery of hemispatial neglect; (ii) to present data from our laboratory which seem to confirm that the clinical manifestation of neglect can be improved by using VR techniques; and (iii) to ascertain the neural bases of this improvement.

Methods: We used a VR device (DataGlove) interfaced with a specially designed computer program which allowed neglect patients to reach and grasp a real object while simultaneously observing the grasping of a virtual object located within a virtual environment by a virtual hand. The virtual hand was commanded in real time by their real hand.

Results: After a period of training, hemispatial neglect patients coded the visual stimuli within the neglected space in an identical fashion as those presented within the preserved portions of space. However it was also found that only patients with lesions that spared the inferior parietal/superior temporal regions were able to benefit from the virtual reality training.

Conclusions: It was concluded that using VR it is possible to re-create links between the affected and the nonaffected space in neglect patients. Furthermore, that specific regions may play a crucial role in the recovery of space that underlies the improvement of neglect patients when trained with virtual reality. The implications of these results for determining the neural bases of a higher order attentional and/or spatial representation, and for the treatment of patients with unilateral neglect are discussed.
Neglect and extinction: Within and between sensory	modalities
Authors: Brozzoli Claudio , Demattè M. Luisa , Pavani Francesco , Frassinetti Francesca , Farnè Alessandro
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The interest in human conscious awareness has increasingly propelled the study of neglect, the most striking occurrence of an acquired lack of conscious experience of space. Neglect syndromes commonly arise after unilateral brain damage that spares primary sensory areas nonetheless leading to a lack of conscious stimulus perception. Because of the central role of vision in our everyday life and motor behaviour, most research on neglect has been carried out in the visual domain. Here, we suggest that a comprehensive perspective on neglect should examine in parallel evidence from all sensory modalities.

Methods: We critically reviewed relevant literature on neglect within and between sensory modalities.

Results: A number of studies have investigated manifestations of neglect in the tactile and auditory modalities, as well as in the chemical senses, supporting the idea that neglect can arise in various sensory modalities, either separately or concurrently. Moreover, studies on extinction (i.e., failure to report the contralesional stimulus only when this is delivered together with a concurrent one in the ipsilesional side), a deficit to some extent related to neglect, showed strong interactions between sensory modality for the conscious perception of stimuli and representation of space.

Conclusions: Examining neglect and extinction by taking into account evidence from all sensory modalities in parallel can provide deeper comprehension of the neglect syndrome mechanisms and possibly more effective multi-sensory based rehabilitation approaches.
Improvement of dexterity by single session low-frequency	repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the contralesional motor	cortex in acute stroke: A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial
Authors: Liepert Joachim , Zittel Simone , Weiller Cornelius
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Increasing evidence suggests that the contralesional motor cortex (M1) inhibits the ipsilesional M1 in stroke patients. This inhibition could impair motor function of the affected hand. We investigated if inhibitory 1~Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the contralesional M1 improved motor performance of the affected hand in acute stroke.

Methods: A double-blind study of real versus placebo rTMS was conducted. Twelve patients early after subcortical stroke (mean: 7 days) received 1200 stimuli of real and placebo rTMS in a crossover design. The sequence of stimulations was counterbalanced across subjects. Stimulus intensity was subthreshold (90% of motor threshold at rest). Motor function was tested by grip strength recordings and Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT) executions before and after each rTMS session.

Results: Compared to sham stimulation, real rTMS improved NHPT results but not grip strength in the affected hand. No change of performance was observed for the unaffected hand. NHPT baseline repetitions in a subgroup of patients indicated stable motor performance prior to the rTMS sessions.

Conclusions: The study suggests that therapeutic rTMS applications over the contralesional hemisphere are feasible in acute stroke patients and can transiently improve dexterity of the affected hand. RTMS may become an additional tool for early neurorehabilitation.
Five days versus a lifetime: Intense associative vocabulary	training generates lexically integrated words
Authors: Breitenstein Caterina , Zwitserlood Pienie , de Vries Meinou H. , Feldhues Christiane , Knecht Stefan , Dobel Christian
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The best predictor of successful language therapy in both the acute and chronic stages after stroke is the treatment intensity, i.e., number of hours trained per week. Associative learning should be particularly suited for intense training because it places low demands on (executive) cognitive functions. It is as of yet unresolved, however, whether associative training is a valid language learning approach. It could merely produce superficial associations of acoustic-visual information, which remain outside lexical and conceptual networks.

Methods: We here examined if five days of associative training in a miniature vocabulary are sufficient for an integration of novel words into the learner's mental lexicon. Twelve healthy subjects were trained 20 min daily for five consecutive days simply by frequent couplings of object pictures with novel words.

Results: Correct responses for couplings of novel words and object names increased from a chance level of 50 percent on day 1 to > 90 percent accuracy on day 5. Prior to and immediately after the vocabulary training, a cross-modal semantic priming test was administered to determine the degree of lexical integration of the novel words into the language system already in situ.

Conclusions: Results show that learned novel words had acquired semantic characteristics, which were comparable to words of subjects' native language acquired over a lifetime. Thus, comprehensive integration of the novel words into existing conceptual and lexical networks occurred after just five days of training. This lays the foundation for probing associative training approaches in aphasia therapy, with the hope of increasing therapy efficiency.
The Excite Trial: Relationship of intensity of constraint induced	movement therapy to improvement in the wolf motor function test
Authors: Wolf Steven L. , Newton Heather , Maddy Douglas , Blanton Sarah , Zhang Qin , Winstein Carolee J. , Morris David M. , Light Kathye
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To examine the relationship between change scores on the log mean Wolf Motor Function Test (lmWMFT) and the intensity of supervised Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) in participants with subacute and chronic stroke.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from 169 EXCITE participants who received CIMT either immediately after randomization or one year later was undertaken. During waking hours, participants wore a restraining mitt on the less affected extremity. The lmWMFT was administered before and after the two week treatment block.

Results: Significant relationships were seen between the intensity of training and functional score in the immediate, lower functional group for whom more training in adaptive task practice resulted in poorer outcomes (p=0.01) and in the immediate, higher functioning group for whom more training in repetitive task practice resulted in poorer outcomes (p=0.02). Female participants in the immediate group showed less progress in lmWMFT scores with greater amounts of total training (p=0.01). Functional level, gender, and concordance did not modify any other relationship. Both higher functioning participants who trained within the normal ratio (N=50) and who were exposed to more than the prescribed adaptive task practice (N=11) experienced a significant improvement in the lmWMFT score (p=0.03 and p=0.02, respectively) compared to those higher functioning participants who experienced excessive repetitive task practice.

Conclusion: Applying CIMT to a large sample of participants with stroke resulted in directionally inappropriate but significant relationships between intensity and lmWMFT scores in the immediate but not the delayed group. Our data also suggest that functional improvements observed in the EXCITE Trial might be attributable to training components other than the designated ratio of training approaches (adaptive and repetitive task practice).
Electrical stimulation prior to delayed reinnervation does not	enhance recovery in muscles of rats
Authors: Dow Douglas E. , Cederna Paul S. , Hassett Cheryl A. , Dennis Robert G. , Faulkner John A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Prolonged denervation of skeletal muscles results in atrophy and poor recovery of motor function following delayed reinnervation. Electrical stimulation reduces denervation atrophy. We hypothesized that electrical stimulation of denervated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles during a prolonged period between nerve axotomy and opportunity for reinnervation by motoneurons after nerve-repair would enhance the recovery of muscle mass, force and motor-function.

Methods: The EDL muscles of rats were denervated for 3.5 months by peroneal nerve axotomy, then repaired with an end-to-end neurorrhaphy, and allowed to recover for 6.5 months. During the period of denervation, some of the rats received a protocol of electrical stimulation that had previously been shown to dramatically attenuate the effects of denervation atrophy through 4 months. Other experimental groups included unoperated control muscles, denervated muscles, and axotomy followed immediately by nerve-repair. Final evaluations included walking track analysis, maximum force measured in situ by indirect stimulation of the nerve, and muscle mass.

Results: The hypothesis was not supported. Electrical stimulation during the period of denervation did not enhance recovery of muscle mass, force or motor function.

Conclusion: The primary factors that inhibited reinnervation and recovery following delayed reinnervation were not alleviated by the electrical stimulation during the period of muscle denervation.
Reorganization of visual processing is related to eccentric	viewing in patients with macular degeneration
Authors: Schumacher Eric H. , Jacko Julie A. , Primo Susan A. , Main Keith L. , Moloney Kevin P. , Kinzel Erin N. , Ginn Jimmy
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Neural evidence exists for cortical reorganization in human visual cortex in response to retinal disease. Macular degeneration (MD) causes the progressive loss of central visual acuity. To cope with this, MD patients often adopt a preferred retinal location (PRL, i.e., a functional retinal area in their periphery used to fixate instead of the damaged fovea). The use of a PRL may foster cortical reorganization.

Methods: We used fMRI to measure brain activity in calcarine sulcus while visually stimulating peripheral visual regions in MD patients and age-matched control participants.

Results: We found that visual stimulation of the PRL in MD patients increased brain activity in cortex normally representing central vision relative to visual stimulation of a peripheral region outside the patients' PRL and relative to stimulation in the periphery of age-matched control participants.

Conclusions: These data directly link cortical reorganization in MD to behavioral adaptations adopted by MD patients. These results not only confirm that large-scale cortical reorganization of visual processing occurs in humans in response to retinal disease, but also relate this reorganization to functional changes in patient behavior.
Restoration of underdeveloped cortical functions: Evidence from	treatment of adult amblyopia
Authors: Polat Uri
Published: December 2024

Amblyopia is a reduction of visual functions that cannot be attributed directly to the effect of any structural abnormality of the eye or the posterior visual pathway. It is caused by abnormal binocular visual experience early in life, during the 'critical period' that prevents normal development of the visual system. It is widely accepted that therapy can only be effective during the critical period, and that it is not administered after the first decade of life. Here we provide an overview describing a recent finding of visual abnormalities in amblyopia and propose a treatment that we developed based on this finding. Both previous and new results that are presented here clearly show the success of the structured method, targeted at the specific deficiencies in amblyopia, to improve vision in children and adults. Our results suggest that the training was successful in rejuvenating the visual system and in restoring lost development from the sensory obstacle period. It is possible that the perceptual learning method used here can be applied to other sensory and non-sensory brain modules suffering from developmental problems.
State Anxiety Biomarker Discovery: Electrooculography and Electrodermal Activity in Stress Monitoring
Authors: Dao Jadelynn , Liu Ruixiao , Solomon Sarah , Solomon Samuel
Published: December 2024

Anxiety has become a signiﬁcant health concern a4ecting mental and physical well-being, with state anxiety—a transient emotional response—linked to adverse cardiovascular and long-term health outcomes. This research explores the potential of non-invasive wearable technology to enhance the real-time monitoring of physiological responses associated with state anxiety. Using electrooculography (EOG) and electrodermal activity (EDA), we have reviewed novel biomarkers that reveal nuanced emotional and stress responses. Our study presents two datasets: 1) EOG signal blink identiﬁcation dataset BLINKEO, containing both true blink events and motion artifacts, and 2) EOG and EDA signals dataset EMOCOLD, capturing physiological responses from a Cold Pressor Test (CPT). From analyzing blink rate variability, skin conductance peaks, and associated arousal metrics, we identiﬁed multiple new anxiety-speciﬁc biomarkers. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were used to interpret and reﬁne our model, enabling a robust understanding of the biomarkers that correlate strongly with state anxiety. These results suggest that a combined analysis of EOG and EDA data o4ers signiﬁcant improvements in detecting real-time anxiety markers, underscoring the potential of wearables in personalized health monitoring and mental health intervention strategies. This work contributes to the development of context- sensitive models for anxiety assessment, promoting more e4ective applications of wearable technology in healthcare.
Functional approaches to obesity treatment based on phenotypes of obesity
Authors:   Korean Institute for Functional Medicine, Lee Sang Hoon , Kim Bom Taeck
Published: December 2024

According to recent studies, it has become evident that there is diversity in how the individuals, from a metabolic point of view, are affected by obesity. Difference in pathophysiology for each phenotype of obesity, may confer need for tailored approaches for the phenotype to maximize treatment effects. This narrative review, based on functional medicine, try to elucidate distinct feature of each phenotype of obesity and suggests a new approach which integrates body metabolism, energy balance into obesity management, in order not just to reduce body weight but also dissolve body fat which is a center of obesity pathophysiology. This approach leads to personalized treatment that work best for each obesity phenotype in reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases in clinical practice.
ІНТЕГРОВАНЕ ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ ХВОСТОВОЇ ЧАСТИНИ ФЮЗЕЛЯЖУ ЛІТАКІВ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ КАТЕГОРІЇ
Authors: Конишев Д. С.
Published: December 2024

For the first time, when designing transport category aircraft with a tail cargo hatch, a method of integrated design and construction of the fuselage tail section has been developed and presented, which, using mathematically described parameters, allows the creation of a particular master geometry of the fuselage tail section for a specifically selected cargo door scheme. The method has been improved to allow the design of transport aircraft not only at the stage of creating a fundamentally new aircraft concept, but also as a means of modifying an existing passenger aircraft type through deep modernization. A systematization and classification of existing types of cargo doors of the transport category aircrafts according to their design features has been developed. A separate group of tail cargo doors has been identified. Five typical schemes of cargo hatches in the tail section of the fuselage have been formed. A universal parametric method for specifying the master geometry of the fuselage tail section has been created, which allows the implementation of any of the above schemes of cargo doors in the fuselage tail section, including a unique one, implemented only on AN aircraft with a rolling ramp. The relationship between the parameters of the cargo door and the transportation characteristics of the aircraft, which depend on the range and types of cargo to be transported, methods of loading and unloading, and airdropung, is described. The methods of three-dimensional parametric modeling of both the tail sections of the fuselage and transport aircraft as a whole were further developed when creating a master geometry, a space distribution model, analytical standards of airframe structural elements, and a model for the complete determination of the geometric parameters of the aircraft using CAD/CAM/CAE/PLM technologies. The presented results have been implemented in the practice of designing transport category aircraft at ANTONOV Company, as well as at the National Aerospace University named after M.E. Zhukovsky “Kharkiv Aviation Institute” in the educational process of training aviation specialists.
СТРУКТУРНА МОДИФІКАЦІЯ ПОЛІМЕРНИХ КОМПОЗИЦІЙНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ НАНОЧАСТКАМИ
Authors: Малков І. В.
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the current state of the problem of creating a nanocomposite material based on polymer matrices and theoretically substantiates the significant influence of nanomodifiers of different nature on the structure of the polymer composite. Modifiers of the epoxy matrix were selected, their structure and dispersion were identified. It was found that the formation of a more homogeneous structure leads to an increase in the properties of polymer composites, such as strength. The study of prototypes of modified epoxy composites by X-ray phase analysis confirms a change in the structure of the composite. Based on a comparative analysis of the studied modifiers, aerosil, shungite and thermally expanded graphite were selected in order to trace the qualitative and quantitative effect of the modifier on the physicochemical properties of the nanomodified material based on the epoxy compound. The choice is due to the comparative availability of these materials and the ability to vary the physicochemical properties of composite materials using natural or industrially produced nanomodifiers, which will allow not to increase costs compared to expensive fullerene carbon modifiers. A search for optimal modes for obtaining nanomodified polymer composites was conducted. Analysis of X-ray patterns of a series of samples modified with shungite, thermally expanded graphite and aerosil shows a significant change in the structure of the polymer composite material. Changes in the intensity of the maxima characterizing the structured blocks and the distances between them in the polymer, depending on the amount of the introduced modifier provided the basis for developing a mechanism for the interaction of nanomodifiers with the polymer matrix. A model for the interaction of carbon nanomodifiers with the polymer matrix at the molecular level is proposed. It is shown that π-electrons of both the matrix component and the modifier participate in the polymerization process. A mechanism for the interaction of nanomodifiers with the epoxy matrix at the molecular level is proposed. The obtained data can be used in the technological process when introducing a modifier directly into the binder and adjusting the "epoxy matrix:hardener" ratio.
РОЗРОБКА ТА ВИРОБНИЦТВО ЛЕГКИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ
Authors: Рябіков С. М. , Бичков І. В. , Лисоченко І. М. , Бичков Н. І. , Селезньова Г. С.
Published: December 2024

Issues of protecting plants from diseases and pests are becoming more and more urgent. Climate change causes an increase in the activity of weedy plants and insects harmful to agriculture. Because of this, the chemical treatment of fields by aviation in modern agriculture should serve the purpose of preserving the future harvest in both a qualitative and quantitative sense. An important role in this is played by the biological method of plant protection, which is quite effective and environmentally friendly. It is based on the use of living organisms, their waste products and biologically active substances that regulate the development and reproduction of harmful plant organisms. Scientists have developed technologies for the breeding of such zoophages to protect plants from plant pests: Trichogramma, predatory mite Phytoseiulus, encarzia, Aphidimyza gallica, etc., as well as the production of microbiological preparations to protect plants from diseases and pests, the high efficiency of their use has been proven. Aircraft (planes, helicopters, ultralight aircraft) that are registered in the State Register of Civil Aviation Aircraft of Ukraine and have a certificate for the right to perform aerochemical work are allowed to carry out aerial work on the application of pesticides during agrochemical activities on agricultural and forest crops. The requirements for the characteristics of the aircraft, directive requirements for the technology of production, operation and maintenance of airworthiness were formulated. The evaluation of the manufacturability of the considered products (agricultural LA) cannot be evaluated without taking into account the operational manufacturability, which largely determines the costs when performing work in the field. Along with the requirements for the manufacturability of the aircraft design, the so-called operational requirements are of great importance. These requirements determine the suitability of the structure and equipment for its maintenance and repair during the operation of the aircraft, taking into account the high quality of work, the least consumption of time, labor and materials. Satisfying operational requirements ensures reliability, durability of the aircraft, high labor productivity during maintenance, reduction of operational costs and efficiency of use of the aircraft fleet. The appearance of the trichogram required the development of special means for its introduction. An attempt to use existing means showed their unsuitability due to their low functional efficiency and high cost of work. The task was solved by increasing the manufacturability of agricultural aircraft during their production and operation. This made it possible to organize its serial production and operation in many farms of the country.
КОМБІНОВАНА МОДЕЛЬ ПРОЦЕСУ РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ АПАРАТНО-ПРОГРАМНОГО МОДУЛЯ ОБРОБКИ ДАНИХ СТУДЕНТСЬКОГО НАНОСУПУТНИКА CUBESAT
Authors: Туркін І. Б. , Любімов О. В. , Шевченко І. В.
Published: December 2024

The CubeSat nanosatellite concept has been a game-changer in the field of space science research and the development of cutting-edge space technologies. The primary factors for their success are low cost, relative simplicity of production, and predictable lifecycle. CubeSats are highly important for preparing future engineers: bachelor's and master's students of aerospace universities. Therefore, the use of CubeSats is a cost-effective way to explore near space and conduct scientific work. However, there are many issues related to the effective development of software, ensuring software quality at the system level, maintenance, and reuse of software code. The advantages and disadvantages of both classical and modern agile (Agile) software development lifecycle models are considered. To enhance flexibility and reduce the complexity of CubeSat projects, a combined model for the development of a hardware-software data processing module is proposed, which combines the advantages of two models: the waterfall model for hardware development and the agile model for software development. For a comprehensive assessment of the combined model of the data processing hardware-software module development process, the SWOT analysis methodology is used, which is a popular strategic planning tool. For its implementation, the strengths and weaknesses, external opportunities, and threats of the combined model of the data processing hardware-software module development process were formulated. The proposed combined model will allow student teams with limited experience to develop hardware-software data processing modules with minimal risks, ensuring code reuse and increasing the attractiveness of student CubeSat projects.
Cloud Infrastructure Transformation in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Analysis of Applications, Benefits, and Implementation Challenges
Authors: Sardar Mohammed
Published: December 2024

The rapid evolution of cloud infrastructure in healthcare represents a transformative shift in how medical institutions deliver, manage, and optimize patient care services. This comprehensive article examines the integration of cloud-based solutions across diverse healthcare organizations, analyzing the multifaceted impact on operational efficiency, patient care outcomes, and technological capabilities. Through extensive article research combining quantitative performance metrics with qualitative stakeholder insights, this study reveals significant improvements in electronic health record management, telemedicine capabilities, and artificial intelligence integration, while addressing critical security and compliance requirements. The article demonstrates substantial enhancements in operational efficiency, cost reduction, and healthcare service delivery, with organizations achieving meaningful returns on investment and improved patient care capabilities. While acknowledging implementation challenges such as technical barriers, security concerns, and staff training requirements, the article indicates that cloud infrastructure adoption in healthcare yields considerable benefits and positions organizations for future technological advancement. The article concludes that successful cloud integration is essential for modern healthcare delivery, enabling enhanced patient care coordination, improved diagnostic capabilities, and streamlined operational processes, ultimately contributing to a more efficient and responsive healthcare ecosystem.
Unveiling the relationships between language learning strategies and academic achievement among Moroccan EFL university students
Authors: Nadif Bendaoud
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to examine language learning strategies and learning styles among EFL Moroccan undergraduate university students. It also investigates the interrelationships between learning strategies and academic achievement. The sample consisted of (N= 294) EFL undergraduate university students, enrolled in the Department of English Language at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal. The participants were 151 (51.4%) females and 143 (48.6%) males, with 148 (50.3%) studying literature and 146 (49.7%) studying linguistics. The data were collected using Oxford’s (1990) Strategy Inventory to gather information on language learning strategies. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings showed that participants used language learning strategies frequently, with metacognitive strategies being the most commonly used. Memory, compensation, cognitive, metacognitive, affective, and social strategies were the most frequently used strategies in descending order. Additionally, the study found a moderately positive correlation between language learning strategies and academic achievement. Ultimately, the study drew implications for EFL students, teachers, program administrators, and curriculum designers.
FOOD SECURITY STRUCTURE: FUNCTIONAL AND PROVIDING RESOURCES
Authors:   Classical Private University, Gladkov Vladyslav
Published: December 2024

The article reveals the peculiarities of the structure of food security. It was determined that ensuring food security is a mandatory condition of every person's life and determines the state of development of society in general. It is also stipulated that the food needs must be met specifically for each person at their place of residence. In addition, the main burden lies precisely on the subjects of the state, which bear direct responsibility for food security. The significant role of the potential of the agro-industrial complex, which plays an important role in this issue, was also clarified, and the current state of the agricultural products market was analyzed. The food industry is one of the leading structure-forming industries not only of agro-industrial and industrial complexes, but also of the entire national economy of Ukraine. The analysis showed that, among other countries of the world, Ukraine has the most favorable natural, human, geopolitical and resource potential for the development of the food industry, the rational use of which would provide it with a leading place in the world and regional food markets. Customs regulation of foreign economic activity is also considered because it is one of the most effective ways of promoting the development of national export opportunities and helping the state; its purpose and main task are indicated; the role of customs legislation today, which acquires fundamentally new roles, is revealed; it is about changing the basic ideological foundations of customs relations between the state and society. This is the core of the modernization of the customs system and the main prerequisite for the introduction of the advanced achievements of civilization into the domestic customs space and the movement of Ukraine to Europe; the positive dynamics of trade with EU countries (especially exports) can be traced, which is due to the increase in the volume of Ukraine's presence on the EU market and the growth of its specific weight in the general trade balance of our country. Therefore, the priority direction for Ukraine is integration into the EU, which has a number of political, economic and social advantages. As a conclusion, it is determined that food security means the level of food security of the population, which guarantees socio-political stability, survival and development of the country, individuals, families and sustainable development of the nation.
TO THE ISSUE OF CREDIT UNIONS’ DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors:   CEO KUA APF «KUB», Vovk Yevgenii , Lavrukhin Vladyslav ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Prisniak Serhii ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the current issues in the development of credit unions in Ukraine's financial market. It is noted that after rapid growth in the early 21st century, these financial institutions have stagnated since 2008, which negatively affects the quantitative indicators of this sector's development. The economic crisis of 2008-2009 led to the closure of many credit unions in Ukraine and destroyed trust in these financial institutions for many years. However, in terms of promoting financial inclusion, credit unions hold a special place in the modern financial market, and their potential for development in Ukraine should not be ignored. Credit unions could fill those segments of the credit market that, for various reasons, are not of interest to other financial institutions. It is noted that several factors negatively impact the functioning of credit unions in Ukraine. First, the state has failed to create an institutional environment conducive to credit unions, and significant distortions remain in the regulation of their activities. For decades, there have been discussions about establishing a deposit guarantee fund for credit union members, but this issue has yet to be resolved. Second, the strategies of domestic credit unions often do not align with global standards and principles (especially in terms of credit costs). Intense competition with banks in the deposit market has forced credit unions to unjustifiably raise interest rates on deposits, which has negatively impacted loan costs. Third, the financial literacy and culture of the population in Ukraine have also hindered the popularization of credit union services. The article justifies measures that could create «growth drivers» for credit unions in Ukraine. These measures should primarily focus on changing regulatory approaches by the state; creating an institutional environment that prevents opportunistic strategies by credit unions; and improving the population's financial literacy, particularly in their interactions with credit institutions.
ПРОБЛЕМА СУДОВОЇ НОРМОТВОРЧОСТІ У КОНТЕКСТІ ЗАКОНОДАВЧОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СУДОВОЇ ГІЛКИ ВЛАДИ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Погребняк В. Я.
Published: December 2024

Анотація. Стаття присвячена розгляду проблеми судової нормотворчості у контексті принципу поділу влад, а також законодавчого регулювання діяльності судової гілки влади в Україні. Автор піддає аналізу положення Конституції України, а також законодавчих актів, зокрема Закону України «Про судоустрій і статус суддів», у контексті визначення змісту категорії «правосуддя», що розкриває концептуальне завдання судової гілки влади. Також досліджуються положення Цивільного процесуального та Господарського процесуального кодексів України у ключі встановлення змісту категорій «вирішення спору», «розгляд та вирішення справи» та «судочинство» з метою визначення функціональних особливостей діяльності судів в Україні. Окрема увага присвячена аналізу положень Закону України «Про правотворчу діяльність», як законодавчого акту, що визначає правові та організаційні засади правотворчої діяльності, принципи і порядок її здійснення. Формується висновок, що на рівні положень чинного законодавства України зроблено спробу покладення на суд виключно функції застосування норм права. При цьому, що стосується «нормотворчих» можливостей суду, то вони як не санкціоновані чітко на рівні закону, так і не заборонені й не спростовані ним. Сама ж діяльність суду, яка полягає у «здійсненні правосуддя», наразі розкривається через форму такої діяльності, тобто «судочинство», зміст якої розкривається у положеннях процесуальних кодексів. Таким чином з точки зору характеру вирішення піднятої проблеми на рівні положень законодавчих актів складається ситуація за якої концептуальні приписи, що містяться у Конституції Україні та Законі України «Про судоустрій і статус суддів», який є базовим для визначення правового статусу суду і встановлення правової природи здійснюваної ним діяльності, не розкривають комплексно сутність поняття «правосуддя» і не окреслюють у всій повноті механізм чи вичерпний інструментарій його здійснення. Водночас ці ж положення не містять чіткої заборони щодо здійснення судом окремих форм нормотворчої діяльності в аспекті всієї багатогранності і діапазоні такої діяльності.
ЩОДО ПРОБЛЕМ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО РІВНЯ ЧЛЕНІВ ВИБОРЧИХ КОМІСІЙ
Authors: Діденко О. М.
Published: December 2024

Анотація. У статті розглядаються питання забезпечення підвищення професійного рівня членів виборчих комісій. Відзначається, що реалізований у Виборчому кодексі України підхід до формування складу виборчих комісій з числа осіб, до яких не висувається будь-яких вимог відносно рівня їх освіти, зумовлює на практиці виникнення цілої низки проблем з належним застосуванням членами таких комісій виборчого законодавства під час виконання повноважень, дотриманням виборчих прав громадян. Проведення для членів виборчих комісій навчань з правових, фінансових, інформаційно-технічних, організаційних, мовних та інших питань, з якими вони стикатимуться в роботі, має чималого значення для досягнення дієвості представницької демократії, уможливлення визнання справедливими встановлених підсумків голосування суб’єктами виборчого процесу та усім цивілізованим світом. Відзначається, що у повоєнний період навчанням членів і кандидатів у члени виборчих комісій та комісій з референдуму має займатися Центр підготовки учасників виборчих процесів, положення про який затверджено постановою Центральної виборчої комісії від 14 січня 2022 року. Для покращення дотримання виборчого законодавства, належного забезпечення виборчих прав громадян у діяльності окружних, територіальних і дільничних виборчих комісій під час організації і проведення виборів у повоєнний час пропонується внести ряд змін до Виборчого кодексу України. Зокрема пропонується визначити строк на проведення повоєнних виборів не менш як шість місяців з дня припинення або скасування воєнного стану. Закріплення такого строку визнається об’єктивно необхідним для створення належних умов для організації і проведення повоєнних виборів, забезпечення на них виборчих прав для усіх виборців, а також для проведення навчань для членів виборчих комісій.
Level of Public Awareness in Protecting the Environment in Pantai Cermin Kanan Subdistrict
Authors: Azzahra Fatimah , Nanda Meutia , Nasution Dinda Azria , Aisyah Siti Nur , Pohan Rahmaida
Published: December 2024

Because many people do not understand the importance of protecting the environment, public awareness of the condition of the surrounding environment is still very low. As a result, many people continue to throw garbage in the wrong place, causing a lot of household waste to pollute the environment. In Pantai Cermin Kanan Village, there is a problem of low environmental awareness. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of public awareness of environmental management in Pantai Cermin Kanan Village. This study applies quantitative descriptive. Because the study population was 1,212 families, 92 families were taken as random samples using non-probability sampling techniques. The results of the study showed that people who sometimes litter were 54.3%, the most people who did not process waste were 76.6%, and the lack of community participation in farming (58%). This study found that people in Pantai Cermin Kanan Village were less aware of the importance of farming, waste processing, and protecting the environment. It is recommended that the local government and the private sector work together to improve public socialization and education about the importance of protecting the environment, managing waste, and farming. The majority of people still litter and do not process waste (58%). The conclusion of this study is that the level of public awareness in protecting the environment, waste management, and farming in Pantai Cermin Kanan Village is still low. The majority of people still litter, do not process waste, and are not active in farming, it is recommended to the local government and collaboration with the private sector to increase socialization and education to the community about the importance of protecting the environment, waste management, and the benefits of farming.
REINTERPRETATION OF CHIU KENG GUAN’S OLA BOLA : A REDEFINED NOTION OF BANGSA MALAYSIA FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ayob Abdul Halim
Published: December 2024

National identity plays a crucial role in the development of a nation, with its essence continually evolving over time. Consequently, various endeavors have been made by authorities to shape a national identity in Malaysia. Among these efforts is Mahathir's concept of Bangsa Malaysia. Despite being labeled as a non-Islamic production, Chiu Keng Guan's film, Ola Bola, subtly reflects Islamic principles in fostering national identity. This study aims to redefine the emergence of a Malaysian national identity depicted in Ola Bola, aligning with Islamic values, and to challenge the established notion of Bangsa Malaysia. Through a thematic analysis and literature review of Ola Bola, the film's narrative is revisited and examined. Ola Bola, effectively conveying Islamic values in nurturing a cohesive national identity, was directed by a non-Muslim Malaysian, reshaping the predominantly Malay-centric concept of Bangsa Malaysia, as is evident. The film's five principal themes redefine Bangsa Malaysia and resonate with Islamic ideals of multiculturalism and a pluralistic society within the Malaysian context.
Phenological and life history/form idiosyncraticity of facultatively annual Cistanthe philhershkovitziana Hershk. (C. sect. Cistanthe; Montiaceae) in Chile’s southern Central Littoral Zone, with comments on the incidence of the facultative annual condition among “Portullugo” (Caryophyllales) and o
Authors: Hershkovitz Mark
Published: December 2024

Cistanthe philhershkovitziana Hershk. was described from the north-central Chilean coast in 2018. Based on the apparent absence of plants during drought years, it was described as the only species of C. sect. Cistanthe with a putatively annual life history (~therophytic life form). The species occurs primarily in coastal habitats, but also in some seasonally moist sites up to perhaps 50 km inland. Its range spans ca. 600 km of latitude, ca. 28–33S. Detailed reinvestigation especially of the southernmost populations in Chile’s perennially humid southern Central Littoral Zone (CLZ) demonstrates that this species is a facultative annual, viz. a perennial that flowers from seed during its initial seasonal cycle, in this case ca. 10–12 weeks after germination. Here, I suggest that most species of C. sect. Cistanthe have this facultative capacity. However, unlike the other species, C. philhershkovitziana is cryptophytic, which contributes to its appearance as annual. Moreover, the plants are comparatively short-lived. Plants of C. philhershkovitziana grow in seasonally dry sites, and seeds germinate in response to precipitation, whether the typical Mediterranean climate winter rains or irregular rains that arrive during other seasons. Phenology thus is mediated primarily by hydration and less so by temperature and light, and phenology varies both interannually and locally. Southern CLZ populations mostly comprise primarily first and second-year individuals, and caudices rarely survive more than three years. High mortality here owes to a variety of site-specific circumstances. In northern Chile, high mortality probably owes the inability of the young caudices to withstand multi-year droughts. The largely unreported incidence of the facultative annual condition among Montiaceae and angiosperms in general is likely to be consequential to interpretation of life history/form and phenological macroevolution and ecology.
Don’t ask “when is it coevolution?” — ask “how?”
Authors: Yoder Jeremy
Published: December 2024

Coevolution is widely defined as specific, simultaneous, reciprocal adaptation by pairs of interacting species. This strict-sense definition arose from a desire for conceptual clarity, but it has never reflected the much wider diversity of ways in which interacting species may shape each other's evolution. As a result, much of the literature on the evolutionary consequences of species interactions pays homage to the strict-sense definition while addressing some other form of coevolution. This tension suggests we should re-frame the key question in coevolution research from ''when is it coevolution?'' to, rather, ''how is it coevolution?''. This re-framing shifts our focus from identifying case studies for a single, narrowly defined process to describing the many ways — specific and diffuse, simultaneous and stepwise, adaptive and non-adaptive — in which species evolve together.
Investigating Security Challenges in Primary Schools Student Enrolment within Frontline Local Governments with Security Threats in Katsina State
Authors: Bello Ashiru , Abubakar Salisu Bala
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the impact of security challenges on primary school enrolment in frontline local government areas (LGAs) of Katsina State, including Jibia, Batsari, Safana, Danmusa, and Dutsin-Ma. A descriptive survey design was employed, utilizing qualitative methods to collect and analyze data. Enrolment records from selected schools over three years were examined using percentage analysis to identify trends and patterns. Observations of school security measures further contextualized the findings. Data were presented using visual tools such as tables. Ethical considerations were prioritized, including informed consent, confidentiality, and voluntary participation. A significant decline in school attendance has been observed across these LGAs, with enrolment rates dropping drastically from 2022 to 2024. The study revealed a significant enrolment trend linked to security challenges, highlighted parental safety concerns and provided actionable recommendations to improve access to education in vulnerable areas.