bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exploratory Analysis of Public Awareness and Perception of Ionizing Radiation and Guide to Public Health Practice in Vermont
Authors: Evans Katherine M. , Bodmer Jenna , Edwards Bryce , Levins James , O’Meara Amanda , Ruhotina Merima , Smith Richard , Delaney Thomas , Hoffman-Contois Razelle , Boccuzzo Linda , Hales Heidi , Carney Jan K.
Published: April 2015

Exposure to ionizing radiation has potential for acute and chronic health effects. Within the general public of the United States, there may be a discrepancy between perceived and actual health risks. In conjunction with the Vermont Department of Health, a survey designed to assess public perception and knowledge of ionizing radiation was administered at 6 Vermont locationsn=169. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. Eighty percent of respondents underestimated the contribution of medical imaging tests to total ionizing radiation exposure. Although only thirty-nine percent of participants were confident in their healthcare professional’s knowledge of ionizing radiation, most would prefer to receive information from their healthcare professional. Only one-third of individuals who received a medical imaging test in the past year were educated by their healthcare professional about the risks of these tests. Those who tested their home for radon were twice as likely to choose radon as the greatest ionizing radiation risk to self. Although respondents had an above-average education level, there were many misperceptions of actual risks of exposure to ionizing radiation, particularly of medical imaging tests. Educating healthcare professionals would therefore have a profound and positive impact on public understanding of ionizing radiation.
Euglycemia in Diabetic Rats Leads to Reduced Liver Weight via Increased Autophagy and Apoptosis through Increased AMPK and Caspase-3 and Decreased mTOR Activities
Authors: Lee Jun-Ho , Choi Soo-Bong , Jin Mingli , Lee Ju-Han , Han Sang-Don , Bae Hyemi , Lim Inja , Noh Yun-Hee
Published: April 2015

Euglycemia is the ultimate goal in diabetes care to prevent complications. However, the benefits of euglycemia in type 2 diabetes are controversial because near-euglycemic subjects show higher mortality than moderately hyperglycemic subjects. We previously reported that euglycemic-diabetic rats on calorie-control lose a critical liver weight (LW) compared with hyperglycemic rats. Here, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the loss of LW in euglycemic-diabetic rats and identified a potential risk in achieving euglycemia by calorie-control. Sprague-Dawley diabetic rats generated by subtotal-pancreatectomy were fed a calorie-controlled diet for 7 weeks to achieve euglycemia using 19 kcal% (19R) or 6 kcal% (6R) protein-containing chow or fedad libitum(19AL). The diet in both R groups was isocaloric/kg body weight to the sham-operated group (19S). Compared with 19S and hyperglycemic 19AL, both euglycemic R groups showed lower LWs, increased autophagy, and increased AMPK and caspase-3 and decreased mTOR activities. Though degree of insulin deficiency was similar among the diabetic rats, Akt activity was lower, and PTEN activity was higher in both R groups than in 19AL whose signaling patterns were similar to 19S. In conclusion, euglycemia achieved by calorie-control is deleterious in insulin deficiency due to increased autophagy and apoptosis in the liver via AMPK and caspase-3 activation.
Solution of Lane-Emden Type Equations by Combination of the Spectral Method and Adomian Decomposition Method
Authors: Hosseini S. Gh. , Abbasbandy S.
Published: April 2015

The application of a new modified Adomian decomposition method for obtaining the analytic solution of Lane-Emden type equations is investigated. The proposed method, called the spectral Adomian decomposition method, is based on a combination of spectral method and Adomian decomposition method. A comparative study between the proposed method and Adomian decomposition method is presented. The obtained result reveals that method is of higher efficiency, validity, and accuracy.
Application of Novel Amino-Functionalized NZVI@SiO2Nanoparticles to Enhance Anaerobic Granular Sludge Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Authors: Guan Zeyu , Wan Jinquan , Ma Yongwen , Wang Yan , Shu Yajie
Published: April 2015

A novel amino-functionalized silica-coated nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI@SiO2-NH2) was successfully synthesized by using one-step liquid-phase method with the surface functionalization of nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) to enhance degradation of chlorinated organic contaminants from anaerobic microbial system. NZVI@SiO2-NH2nanoparticles were synthesized under optimal conditions with the uniform core-shell structure (80–100 nm), high loading of amino functionality (~0.9 wt%), and relatively large specific surface area (126.3 m2/g). The result demonstrated that well-dispersed NZVI@SiO2-NH2nanoparticle with nFe0-core and amino-functional silicon shell can effectively remove 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) in the neutral condition, much higher than that of NZVI. Besides, the surface-modified nanoparticles (NZVI@SiO2-NH2) in anaerobic granule sludge system also showed a positive effect to promote anaerobic biodechlorination system. More than 94.6% of 2,4,6-TCP was removed from the combined NZVI@SiO2-NH2-anaerobic granular sludge system during the anaerobic dechlorination processes. Moreover, adding the appropriate concentration of NZVI@SiO2-NH2in anaerobic granular sludge treatment system can decrease the toxicity of 2,4,6-TCP to anaerobic microorganisms and improved the cumulative amount of methane production and electron transport system activity. The results from this study clearly demonstrated that the NZVI@SiO2-NH2/anaerobic granular sludge system could become an effective and promising technology for the removal of chlorophenols in industrial wastewater.
Vacuum Expectation Value Profiles of the Bulk Scalar Field in the Generalized Randall-Sundrum Model
Authors: Tofighi A. , Moazzen M. , Farokhtabar A.
Published: April 2015

In the generalized Randall-Sundrum warped brane-world model the cosmological constant induced on the visible brane can be positive or negative. In this paper we investigate profiles of vacuum expectation value of the bulk scalar field under general Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions in the generalized warped brane-world model. We show that the VEV profiles generally depend on the value of the brane cosmological constant. We find that the VEV profiles of the bulk scalar field for a visible brane with negative cosmological constant and positive tension are quite distinct from those of Randall-Sundrum model. In addition we show that the VEV profiles for a visible brane with large positive cosmological constant are also different from those of the Randall-Sundrum model. We also verify that Goldberger and Wise mechanism can work under nonzero Dirichlet boundary conditions in the generalized Randall-Sundrum model.
Edmonton Obesity Staging System Prevalence and Association with Weight Loss in a Publicly Funded Referral-Based Obesity Clinic
Authors: Canning Karissa L. , Brown Ruth E. , Wharton Sean , Sharma Arya M. , Kuk Jennifer L.
Published: April 2015

Objectives. To determine the distribution of EOSS stages and differences in weight loss achieved according to EOSS stage, in patients attending a referral-based publically funded multisite weight management clinic.Subjects/Methods. 5,787 obese patients were categorized using EOSS staging using metabolic risk factors, medication use, and severity of doctor diagnosis of obesity-related physiological, functional, and psychological comorbidities from electronic patient files.Results. The prevalence of EOSS stages 0 (no risk factors or comorbidities), 1 (mild conditions), 2 (moderate conditions), and 3 (severe conditions) was 1.7%, 10.4%, 84.0%, and 3.9%, respectively. Prehypertension (63%), hypertension (76%), and knee replacement (33%) were the most common obesity-related comorbidities for stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the models including age, sex, initial BMI, EOSS stage, and treatment time, lower EOSS stage and longer treatment times were independently associated with greater absolute (kg) and percentage of weight loss relative to initial body weightP<0.05.Conclusions. Patients attending this publicly funded, referral-based weight management clinic were more likely to be classified in the higher stages of EOSS. Patients in higher EOSS stages required longer treatment times to achieve similar weight outcomes as those in lower EOSS stages.
Neural Progenitor Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells as an Origin of Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Noisa Parinya , Raivio Taneli , Cui Wei
Published: April 2015

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are able to proliferatein vitroindefinitely without losing their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types upon exposure to appropriate signals. Particularly, the ability of hESCs to differentiate into neuronal subtypes is fundamental to develop cell-based therapies for several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we differentiated hESCs to dopaminergic neurons via an intermediate stage, neural progenitor cells (NPCs). hESCs were induced to neural progenitor cells by Dorsomorphin, a small molecule that inhibits BMP signalling. The resulting neural progenitor cells exhibited neural bipolarity with high expression of neural progenitor genes and possessed multipotential differentiation ability. CBF1 and bFGF responsiveness of these hES-NP cells suggested their similarity to embryonic neural progenitor cells. A substantial number of dopaminergic neurons were derived from hES-NP cells upon supplementation of FGF8 and SHH, key dopaminergic neuron inducers. Importantly, multiple markers of midbrain neurons were detected, includingNURR1, PITX3, andEN1, suggesting that hESC-derived dopaminergic neurons attained the midbrain identity. Altogether, this work underscored the generation of neural progenitor cells that retain the properties of embryonic neural progenitor cells. These cells will serve as an unlimited source for the derivation of dopaminergic neurons, which might be applicable for treating patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Elevated Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio in Recurrent Optic Neuritis
Authors: Guclu Hande , Ozal Sadık Altan , Pelitli Gurlu Vuslat , Birgul Ramazan
Published: April 2015

Purpose. To demonstrate the relation between optic neuritis (ON) and systemic inflammation markers as neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio), platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and red cell distribution width (RDW) and furthermore to evaluate the utilization of these markers to predict the frequency of the ON episodes.Methods. Forty-two patients with acute ON and forty healthy subjects were enrolled into the study. The medical records were reviewed for age, sex, hemoglobin (Hb), Haematocrit (Htc), RDW, platelet count, MPV, white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil and lymphocyte count, and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio).Results. The mean N/L ratio, platelet counts, and RDW were significantly higher in ON group (p=0.000,p=0.048, andp=0.002). There was a significant relation between N/L ratio and number of episodes (r=0.492,p=0.001). There was a statistically significant difference for MPV between one episode group and recurrent ON group (p=0.035).Conclusions. Simple and inexpensive laboratory methods could help us show systemic inflammation and monitor ON patients. Higher N/L ratio can be a useful marker for predicting recurrent attacks.
A Hybrid Multiattribute Decision Making Model for Evaluating Students’ Satisfaction towards Hostels
Authors: Krishnan Anath Rau , Engku Abu Bakar Engku Muhammad Nazri , Mat Kasim Maznah
Published: April 2015

This paper proposes a new hybrid multiattribute decision making (MADM) model which deals with the interactions that usually exist between hostel attributes in the process of measuring the students’ satisfaction towards a set of hostels and identifying the optimal strategies for enhancing their satisfaction. The model uses systematic random stratified sampling approach for data collection purpose as students dwelling in hostels are “naturally” clustered by block and gender, factor analysis for extracting large set of hostel attributes into fewer independent factors, λ-measure for characterizing the interactions shared by the attributes within each factor, Choquet integral for aggregating the interactive performance scores within each factor, Mikhailov’s fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (MFAHP) for determining the weights of independent factors, and simple weighted average (SWA) operator to measure the overall satisfaction score of each hostel. A real evaluation involving fourteen Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) hostels was carried out in order to demonstrate the model’s feasibility. The same evaluation was performed using an additive aggregation model in order to illustrate the effects of ignoring the interactions shared by attributes in hostel satisfaction analysis.
Corneal Epithelial Remodeling after LASIK Measured by Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Tang Maolong , Li Yan , Huang David
Published: April 2015

Purpose. To quantify corneal epithelial thickness changes after myopic LASIK by OCT.Methods.Epithelial thickness before and after myopic LASIK were measured by a Fourier-domain OCT system. Average central (within 1 mm diameter) and paracentral epithelial thickness (5~6 mm diameter) before and after LASIK were compared. Correlation between central epithelial thickness change and laser spherical equivalent setting was evaluated. An epithelial smoothing constant was estimated based on a mathematical model published previously.Results.Nineteen eyes from 11 subjects were included in the study. Eyes had myopic LASIK ranging from −1.69 D to −6.75 D spherical equivalent. The average central epithelial thickness was 52.6 ± 4.1 μm before LASIK and 56.2 ± 4.3 μm 3 months after LASIK (p=0.002). The average paracentral epithelial thickness was 51.6 ± 6.6 μm before LASIK and 54.8 ± 4.3 μm 3 months after LASIK (p=0.007). The change in average central epithelial thickness was correlated with laser spherical equivalent (R2= 0.40,p=0.028). The epithelial smoothing constant was estimated to be 0.46 mm.Conclusions. Corneal epithelial thickens centrally and paracentrally after myopic LASIK. The extent of epithelial remodeling correlated with the amount of LASIK correction and could be predicted by a mathematical model.
Flos Puerariae Extract Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Liu Zhong-he , Chen Hong-guang , Wu Pan-feng , Yao Qing , Cheng Hong-ke , Yu Wei , Liu Chao
Published: April 2015

Objective. The effects of Flos Puerariae extract (FPE) on cognitive impairment associated with diabetes were assessed in C57BL/6J mice.Methods. Experimental diabetic mice model was induced by one injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) for 5 days consecutively. FPE was orally administrated at the dosages of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day, respectively. The learning and memory ability was assessed by Morris water maze test. Body weight, blood glucose, free fatty acid (FFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) in serum, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were also measured.Results. Oral administration of FPE significantly improved cognitive deficits in STZ-induced diabetic mice. FPE treatment also maintained body weight and ameliorated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in diabetic mice. Additionally, decreased MDA level, enhanced CAT, and GSH-Px activities in cerebral cortex or hippocampus, as well as alleviated AChE activity in cerebral cortex, were found in diabetic mice supplemented with FPE.Conclusion. This study suggests that FPE ameliorates memory deficits in experimental diabetic mice, at least partly through the normalization of metabolic abnormalities, ameliorated oxidative stress, and AChE activity in brain.
Review on the Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Malaysian Clams
Authors: Hossen Md. Faruk , Hamdan Sinin , Rahman Md. Rezaur
Published: April 2015

The current review discusses the levels of six heavy metals in different clam species from 34 sites of Malaysian coasts. The concentrations (µg/g dry weight) of these heavy metals ranged around 0.18–8.51, 0.13–17.20, 2.17–7.80, 0.84–36.00, 24.13–368.00, and 177.82–1912.00 for Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe, respectively. It was observed that the concentrations of metals slightly depend on different clam species but mostly depend on site locations. According to Malaysian Food Regulation (1985), about 30% and more than 50% sites are safe from Cd and Pb contamination, respectively, and also the clam species from the other populations studied were safe for consumption.
Biatrial Cardiac Metastases in a Patient with Uterine Cervix Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Geredeli Caglayan , Boruban Melih Cem , Poyraz Necdet , Artac Mehmet , Aribas Alpay , Koral Lokman
Published: April 2015

Primary malignant melanomas of uterine cervix are quite rarely seen neoplasms, and long-life prognosis of patients with this disease is poor. Immunohistochemical methods and exclusion of other primary melanoma sites are used to confirm the diagnosis. As with other melanomas, cervix malignant melanomas may also cause cardiac metastases. Cardiac metastases are among rarely seen but more commonly encountered cases, compared to primary cardiac tumors. Here, we present a case of biatrial cardiac metastases in a 73-year-old patient with uterine cervix malignant melanomas. The patient underwent echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography. Our report shows the importance of advanced diagnostic techniques, such as cardiac magnetic resonance, not only for the detection of cardiac masses, but for a better anatomic definition and tissue characterization. Although the cases of malignant melanomas leading to multiple cardiac metastasis were reported in literature, the metastatic concurrence of malignant melanomas in both right and left atriums is quite rarely encountered as metastatic malignant melanomas. Also, another intriguing point in our case is that the primary lesion of our case was stemmed from uterine cervix, but not skin.
Aetiology, Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Children: New Trends
Authors: Alagaratnam Swethan , Kurzawinski Tom R.
Published: April 2015

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in children is a rare disorder with sharp contrasts in its presentation and aetiology compared with the disease process in adults. This review outlines the current literature, which is limited to about 200 cases, with reference to the aetiology, clinical features, outcomes of investigations, and surgery in children affected by PHPT. Familial conditions account for almost half of all cases of PHPT in children, suggesting that routine genetic testing would be appropriate. Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism requires urgent medical attention, and performing total parathyroidectomies offers cure, though conservative management is successful in selected cases. Familial hyperparathyroidism in older children can be caused by conditions such as multiple endocrine neoplasia types 1 and 2a, hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome and familial hyperparathyroidism. The role of surgery for this group is discussed. The use of ultrasound and MIBI (99mTc-methoxyisobutylnitrile) scanning appears to accurately localise solitary adenomas in sporadic PHPT, thereby supporting the role of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in children.
Differential Gene Expression in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons of Male and Metestrous Female Mice
Authors: Vastagh Csaba , Rodolosse Annie , Solymosi Norbert , Farkas Imre , Auer Herbert , Sárvári Miklós , Liposits Zsolt
Published: April 2015

Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons play a pivotal role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in a sex-specific manner. We hypothesized that the differences seen in reproductive functions of males and females are associated with a sexually dimorphic gene expression profile of GnRH neurons. Methods and Results: We compared the transcriptome of GnRH neurons obtained from intact metestrous female and male GnRH-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice. About 1,500 individual GnRH neurons from each sex were sampled with laser capture microdissection followed by whole-transcriptome amplification for gene expression profiling. Under stringent selection criteria (fold change >1.6, adjusted p value 0.01), Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 PM array analysis identified 543 differentially expressed genes. Sexual dimorphism was most apparent in gene clusters associated with synaptic communication, signal transduction, cell adhesion, vesicular transport and cell metabolism. To validate microarray results, 57 genes were selected, and 91% of their differential expression was confirmed by real-time PCR. Similarly, 88% of microarray results were confirmed with PCR from independent samples obtained by patch pipette harvesting and pooling of 30 GnRH neurons from each sex. We found significant differences in the expression of genes involved in vesicle priming and docking (Syt1, Cplx1), GABAergic (Gabra3, Gabrb3, Gabrg2) and glutamatergic (Gria1, Grin1, Slc17a6) neurotransmission, peptide signaling (Sstr3, Npr2, Cxcr4) and the regulation of intracellular ion homeostasis (Cacna1, Cacnb1, Cacng5, Kcnq2, Kcnc1). Conclusion: The striking sexual dimorphism of the GnRH neuron transcriptome we report here contributes to a better understanding of the differences in cellular mechanisms of GnRH neurons in the two sexes.
Teoria das representações em Henri Lefebvre
Authors: Serpa Angelo
Published: April 2015

Esse artigo busca explicitar uma teoria das representações na obra de Henri Lefebvre, tomando como base seu livro seminal sobre a temática: A presença e a ausência. Visa-se à explicitação de uma teoria e um conceito de representação que possam fundamentar uma abordagem cultural e multidimensional para a Geografia, articulando os campos da dialética e da fenomenologia. A articulação entre fenomenologia e dialética justifica-se neste contexto como uma necessidade de método para a compreensão dos processos de produção do espaço na contemporaneidade, como fundamento para uma Geografia dos Espaços Vividos.
O estudo do meio sobre a cidade e o urbano na geografia: (re)pensar a prática de ensino na escola é necessário?
Authors: Oliveira Marlene Macário
Published: April 2015

Quando restrita ao uso do livro didático, a geografia escolar se afasta da com- preensão crítico-reflexiva dos conteúdos da cidade e do urbano, praticando um ensino mecânico e funcional, arquétipo de aulas excludentes e segregacionistas da dos habitantes da urbe, inclusive os educandos. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho discute a contribuição do estudo do meio a partir do lócus das experiências dos alunos para o estudo da complexidade que envolve o tema no processo de ensino- -aprendizagem em geografia. Construir um olhar crítico e investigativo sobre a ci- dade e o processo de urbanização contemporânea, incluindo a crítica à exclusão, à pobreza, à violência e aos diferentes tipos de segregação no currículo escolar, favorece a construção de identidades socioespaciais e o exercício da cidadania.
Recommendations for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of instruments for occupational therapy research and practice
Authors: Coster Wendy Jane , Mancini Marisa Cotta
Published: April 2015

Grande parte do desenvolvimento e validação de novos instrumentos para o uso na pesquisa e na prática da reabilitação ocorreu em países de língua inglesa. Assim, pesquisadores e profissionais da reabilitação em outros países precisam, inicialmente, assumir a tarefa de traduzir tais instrumentos para outros idiomas e validar seu uso em um contexto cultural diferente. É necessário que esse processo siga diretrizes sólidas para que o instrumento traduzido possa ser validado para uso. No entanto, há poucas discussões na literatura em Terapia Ocupacional sobre como melhor conduzir a tradução ou como avaliar a validade
de um instrumento traduzido. O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer orientações aos leitores que estejam considerando traduzir um instrumento para a pesquisa ou a prática em Terapia Ocupacional e auxiliar os profi ssionais a avaliarem o uso de instrumentos traduzidos em sua prática clínica.
Graciliano Ramos e João Antônio em diálogo possível
Authors: Ornellas Clara Ávila
Published: April 2015

Graciliano Ramos e João Antônio em diálogo possível
Dostoiévski, precursor de Freud?
Authors: Schnaiderman Boris
Published: April 2015

OS ENSINAMENTOS DA LOUCURA, DE HEITOR O’DWYER DE MACEDO. TRADUÇÃO DE IVONNE BENEDETTI, SÃO PAULO, PERSPECTIVA, 2014, 168 P.
Urbanismo infraestrutural: mutações na zona leste de São Paulo
Authors: Brissac Nelson
Published: April 2015

Na periferia da zona leste de São Paulo tem-se um urbanismo infraestrutural, em que grandes obras ferro/viárias e de escoamento fluvial sustentam operações de reestruturação de extensas áreas de ocupação desordenada e informal. A implantação de um eixo metropolitano (a Avenida Jacu-Pêssego), transversal aos vetores de transporte dominantes, tende a reconfigurar o sistema de fluxos da região. A infraestrutura de drenagem e contenção de enchentes determina a reestruturação urbana dos bairros criados na várzea do Tietê. Trata-se de aproveitar a realização dessas importantes obras de infraestrutura e a instalação de espaços públicos (estações, equipamentos educacionais, praças, parques) para promover a participação da sociedade em processos de urbanização em grande escala.
A metrópole sob o olhar do antropólogo
Authors: Magnaini José Guilherme Cantor
Published: April 2015

A partir da visão convencional que reserva ao antropólogo o estudo de povos de pequena escala, no contexto de pequenas comunidades, o artigo levanta a questão de se o método etnográfico pode ser aplicado, com proveito, à realidade das atuais metrópoles em toda a sua complexidade. Para tanto, são apresentadas algumas estratégias desenvolvidas pela antropologia urbana e, a partir de um “experimento de inspiração etnográfica”, conclui-se que, em virtude do “olhar de perto e de dentro” que o orienta, é possível captar lógicas da dinâmica urbana que passariam despercebidas na perspectiva de disciplinas de enfoque macro.
Transformation and Multiplicity
Authors: Bristley Joseph
Published: April 2015

This paper explores perceptions of zoos, objects which are generally replicas of Manchu-era coins attached to the surfaces of some shamans’ coats in present-day Mongolia. Beginning by noting that the general perception of these objects in shamanic praxis is to protect the shaman who wears them, I explore another way in which they are perceived: as things which connote particular aspects of money used in present-day Mongolia. I take two aspects of Mongolian money—its multiplicity and capacity for transformation—and use these to account for the presence of zoos on shamans’ coats. I argue that the multiplicity aspect of money is analogous with the multiplicity of objects attached to a shaman’s coat, and that the multiplicity aspect of money connoted by zoos is something into which can be read the operation of this type of garment. I also explore the capacity of Mongolian money to be transformed into other things, and suggest this is analogous to the transformative nature of spirits which possess shamans during seances. In doing so, I propose that zoos are able to elaborate the operation of the garments to which they are attached, in a way that is informative of particular perceptions of money in present-day Mongolia.
Using High-Resolution Numerical Weather Forecasts to Improve Remotely Sensed Rainfall Estimates: The Case of the 2013 Colorado Flash Flood
Authors: Nikolopoulos E. I. , Bartsotas N. S. , Anagnostou E. N. , Kallos G.
Published: April 2015

The September 2013 flash flood–triggering rainfall event in Colorado highlighted the strong underestimation of remote sensing techniques over mountainous terrain. In this work, the use of high-resolution rainfall forecasts for adjusting weather radar– [Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) quantitative precipitation estimation (Q3)] and satellite-based [CPC morphing technique (CMORPH) and TRMM 3B42RT] rainfall estimates is examined. Evaluation of the adjustment procedures is based on the NCEP Stage IV product. Results show that 1-km-grid-resolution rainfall forecasts provided by a numerical weather prediction model [Regional Atmospheric Modeling System and Integrated Community Limited Area Modeling System (RAMS-ICLAMS)] adequately captured total rainfall amounts during the event and could therefore be used to adjust biases in radar and satellite rainfall estimates. Two commonly used adjustment procedures according to 1) mean field bias and 2) probability density function matching are examined. Findings indicate that both procedures are successful in improving the original radar and satellite rainfall estimates, with the first method consistently providing the highest bias reduction while the second exhibits higher improvement in RMSE and correlation.
정신 표상의 한 특별한 종류로서의 무의식의 공상: 마음의 모델에 관한 하나의 기여 (Unconscious Fantasy as a Special Class of Mental Representation: A Contribution to a Model of Mind)
Authors: 에리히 앤 , Erreich Anne
Published: April 2015

마음의 영역을 탐구하는 철학자들과 인지 심리학자들은 “마음”이 수많은 정신 표상들로, 즉, 믿음/욕구의 직관적 개념(intentions)에 대한 의식 및 무의식의 표상으로 구성되어 있다고 제안하고 있다. 본 논문에서, 저자는 무의식의 공상들은 정신 표상의 영역에서 한 하위 영역을 구성하며, 그공상은 갈등 상태인 소망, 정동, 방어 책략과 연관되어 있다고 주장한다. 이런 제안은 인지 및 발달 심리학과 마음의 세계를 탐색하는 철학의 최근 학문적 견해들과 일치하는 마음의 모델 안에 무의식의 공상 구성물을 정박시키며, 이렇게 해서 정신분석가는 이러한 분야와 더불어 대화의 실마리를 찾게 된다. 이 공식화에 따르면, 무의식의 공상은 정신 상태에서 어떤 기준을 공유하고 있는 이론들의 커다란 집단에 적용되는 이론적 구성물로서 기능할 것임에 틀림이 없다. 그러면 분석가는 메타이론(이론을 설명하는 이론)에 머무는 잘못을 범하지 않고 다른 이론적인 틀에서 빌린 통찰력을 마음대로 적절히 조합할 만족을 누릴 것이다. 그 결과, 이론적 다원주의에 하나의 원칙을 가져다 줄 것이다. 클라이니언(클라인 학파 분석가)이 저술한 사례집과 그 밖의 세밀한-과정 관찰 및 자기-심리학적 측면을 통해 무의식의 공상 구성물을 다시 정의한다는 것이 분석가가 수행하는 (치료적) 개입의 두 가지 주요한 형태를 어떻게 아우를 수 있는지를 보여줄 것이다: 그 두 가지란 내용 해석과 과정 해석을 말한다.
After-Hours Versus Office-Hours Dental Injuries in Children
Authors: Vukovic Ana , Vukovic Rade , Markovic Dejan , Soldatovic Ivan , Mandinic Zoran , Beloica Milos , Stojan George
Published: April 2015

Aim. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes and factors associated with after-hours dental trauma. Methods. Study sample consisted of 1762 permanent teeth injuries in children, gender and age matched with office-hours injuries. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected from 4 university dental trauma centers. Results. During median follow-up time of 4.3 years, complications have occurred in 14.5% of injured teeth. Age, type, and degree of tissue injury and after-hours time of injury were significantly associated with complications. Unfavorable outcomes were 34% more likely in the after-hours group compared with office-hours. Urgent treatment was significantly delayed in after-hours group with a delay of more than 3 hours in 90.5% versus 38.9% in the office-hours group. Multivariate regression model showed that after-hours time of injury was significant predictor of complications. Conclusion. Delayed urgent treatment was one of the main factors associated with unfavorable outcome of after-hours injuries.
Ignored and forgotten: Research on Jewish-Italian music during the 19th and 20th centuries
Authors: Keller Marcello Sorce
Published: April 2015

Why has research on Italian Jewish music been until recently almost nonexistent? This can only in part be explained by the small number of Jews living in Italy, compared to other European countries. Nor is racism a convincing answer. Even in the early years of Fascism, before Mussolini enacted the racial laws in 1938, the Jewish presence in Italy was not perceived, by and large, as ‘problematic’. Rather, what prevented people from gaining an awareness of Jewish culture was the peculiar form of the Italian nation-building project, which imposed an artificial notion of unified national culture upon a patchwork of local traditions. After unification, all Italians were forced to learn and speak one same language, forgetting their mixed origins—including their variegated musical traditions. In stark contrast to other European nations, where it was celebrated, folk music was ignored in Italy throughout the XIX century. Just as standard Italian overshadowed the many vernaculars, Opera became the only national musical language. A thorough investigation of the Italian Jewish tradition had to wait until the development, in the 1960s, of the international Folk Music Revival. Thanks to the work of ethnomusicologists like Alan Lomax and Leo Levi, the Jewish people’s contribution to Italian musical life is now beginning to be acknowledged.
The Role of Trust as a Mediator Between System Characteristics and Response Behaviors
Authors: Chancey Eric T. , Bliss James P. , Proaps Alexandra B. , Madhavan Poornima
Published: April 2015

Objective:

The purpose of the current work was to clarify how subjective trust determines response behavior when interacting with a signaling system.

Background:

In multiple theoretical frameworks, trust is acknowledged as a prime mediator between system error characteristics and automation dependence. Some researchers have operationally defined trust as the behavior exhibited. Other researchers have suggested that although trust may guide operator responses, trust does not completely determine the behavior.

Method:

Forty-four participants interacted with a primary flight simulation task and a secondary signaling system task. The signaling system varied in reliability (90%, 60%) and error bias (false alarm, miss prone). Trust was measured halfway through the experimental session to address the criterion of temporal precedence in determining the effect of trust on behavior.

Results:

Analyses indicated that trust partially mediated the relationship between reliability and agreement rate. Trust did not mediate the relationship between reliability and reaction time. Trust also did not mediate the relationships between error bias and reaction time or agreement rate. Analyses of variance generally supported specific behavioral and trust hypotheses, indicating that the paradigm employed produced similar effects on response behaviors and subjective estimates of trust observed in other studies.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that strong assumptions of trust acting as the prime mediator between system error characteristics and response behaviors should be viewed with caution.

Application:

Practitioners should consider assessing factors other than trust to determine potential operator response behaviors, which may be more predictive.
Deletion of Osr2 Partially Rescues Tooth Development in Runx2 Mutant Mice
Authors: Kwon H.J.E. , Park E.K. , Jia S. , Liu H. , Lan Y. , Jiang R.
Published: April 2015

Tooth organogenesis depends on genetically programmed sequential and reciprocal inductive interactions between the dental epithelium and neural crest–derived mesenchyme. Previous studies showed that the Msx1 and Runx2 transcription factors are required for activation of odontogenic signals, including Bmp4 and Fgf3, in the early tooth mesenchyme to drive tooth morphogenesis through the bud-to-cap transition and that Runx2 acts downstream of Msx1 to activate Fgf3 expression. Recent studies identified Osr2 as a repressor of tooth development and showed that inactivation of Osr2 rescued molar tooth morphogenesis in the Msx1-/- mutant mice as well as in mice with neural crest–specific inactivation of Bmp4. Here we show that Runx2 expression is expanded in the tooth bud mesenchyme in Osr2-/- mutant mouse embryos and is partially restored in the tooth mesenchyme in Msx1-/-Osr2-/- mutants in comparison with Msx1-/- and wild-type embryos. Whereas mandibular molar development arrested at the bud stage and maxillary molar development arrested at the bud-to-cap transition in Runx2-/- mutant mice, both mandibular and maxillary molar tooth germs progressed to the early bell stage, with rescued expression of Msx1 and Bmp4 in the dental papilla as well as expression of Bmp4, p21, and Shh in the primary enamel knot in the Osr2-/-Runx2-/- compound mutants. In contrast to the Msx1-/-Osr2-/- compound mutants, which exhibit nearly normal first molar morphogenesis, the Osr2-/-Runx2-/- compound mutant embryos failed to activate the expression of Fgf3 and Fgf10 in the dental papilla and exhibited significant deficit in cell proliferation in both the dental epithelium and mesenchyme in comparison with the control embryos. These data indicate that Runx2 synergizes with Msx1 to drive tooth morphogenesis through the bud-to-cap transition and that Runx2 controls continued tooth growth and morphogenesis beyond the cap stage through activation of Fgf3 and Fgf10 expression in the dental papilla.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Crown Therapy in Young Individuals with Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Pousette Lundgren G. , Morling Vestlund G.I. , Trulsson M. , Dahllöf G.
Published: April 2015

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a rare, genetically determined defect in enamel mineralization. Existing treatment recommendations suggest resin-composite restorations until adulthood, although such restorations have a limited longevity. New crown materials allow for minimal preparation techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the quality and longevity of 2 crown types—Procera and IPS e.max Press—in adolescents and young adults with AI. A secondary aim was to document adverse events. We included 27 patients (11 to 22 y of age) with AI in need of crown therapy in a randomized controlled trial using a split-mouth technique. After placing 119 Procera crowns and 108 IPS e.max Press crowns following randomization, we recorded longevity, quality, adverse events, and tooth sensitivity. After 2 y, 97% of the crowns in both crown groups had excellent or acceptable quality. We found no significant differences in quality between Procera and IPS e.max Press crowns. Tooth sensitivity was significantly reduced after crown therapy ( P < 0.001). Endodontic complications occurred in 3% of crowns. The results show that it is possible to perform crown therapy with excellent results and without severe complications in young patients with AI. The study is registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN70438627).
Why and How Inequality Matters
Authors: McLeod Jane D.
Published: April 2015

In this article, I share some thoughts about how we might extend the study of mental health inequalities by drawing from key insights in sociology and sociological social psychology about the nature of inequality and the processes through which it is produced, maintained, and resisted. I suggest several questions from sociological research on stratification that could help us understand unexpected patterns of mental health inequalities. I also advocate for the analysis of “generic” social psychological processes through which inequalities are produced, maintained, and resisted within proximate social environments. I consider the role of two such processes—status/devaluation processes and identity processes—in mental health inequalities. I then discuss how we can strengthen connections across subfields of the sociology of mental health by applying status and identity theories to two areas of research: (1) help-seeking and (2) the effects of mental health problems on social attainments.
More Similar Than Different: Experimental Evidence on the (In) Significance of Gender for the Effect of Different Incentives on Compliance Behavior
Authors: Pedersen Mogens J.
Published: April 2015

What role do employee features play for the success of different personnel management practices for promoting high performance? Using data from a randomized survey experiment among 5,982 adult individuals of all ages, this article examines how gender conditions the compliance effects of different incentive treatments—each relating to the basic content of distinct types of personnel management practices. The findings indicate that males and females are more similar than different in terms of the effects of incentive treatments: Significant average effects are found for three of five incentive treatments, but gender does not appear to moderate these relationships.
Mothers’ groups initiated by health visitors: Why do some groups continue over years? A qualitative study with a phenomenographic approach
Authors: Borup Ina K
Published: April 2015

Aim

To describe mothers’ perceptions of what characterized mothers’ groups that continued over many years and to explore how the mothers benefitted from participating.

Background

Scarce knowledge about mothers’ groups in a long term perspective.

Methods

A qualitative research design was applied. Data were obtained by focus group discussions in three mothers’ groups that had lasted for 13, 16 and 21 years, respectively. Data was analysed using a phenomenographic approach.

Findings

The analysis revealed three descriptive categories and nine sub-categories. The categories were: Structure and contents over the years; Diverse backgrounds and views, with respect; and Revitalization, continuation and outcome of the groups. The underlying structure was found to be that the mothers’ groups had developed from baby-oriented to life-oriented forums and constituted a free space built upon confidentiality and trust, and with respect for differences.

Conclusion

The study concludes that mothers’ groups may result in social support and new coping strategies. Health professionals should encourage established groups to continue on their own. More research on the drop-outs from the groups is needed.
Is the first-line nursing managers’ power congruent with that of the nursing group?
Authors: Viinikainen Sari , Asikainen Paula , Sieloff Christina , Helminen Mika , Suominen Tarja
Published: April 2015

Aim

This research examined the relationship between nursing managers’ power and nursing group power in public health service organizations.

Approach/Methods

A cross-sectional survey of first-line nurse managers ( n = 264) from 11 Finnish hospitals was conducted. The power of nurse managers and nursing groups was examined through two reliable instruments: the Nursing Managers’ Power instrument and the Sieloff-King Assessment of Group Power within Organizations instrument©.

Findings

The power of nurse managers was perceived to be moderate on a 5-point Likert scale. Managers reported that they gained the most power from their role and position as a nursing manager, and lastly, from their resources. The power of nurse managers correlated no more than moderately with nursing group power.

Implications for Nursing Management

Organizations need to ensure that nursing managers have the power and opportunity to influence nursing goals and outcomes.
Veilederes beveggrunner for å unnlate å gi ikke-bestått i praksisstudier til tross for at læringsutbyttene ikke er nådd
Authors: Westad Hauge Kari
Published: April 2015

Background

Many professional educations have element of practice in their educations. Any assessment scheme involves large uncertainties, and this will in particular be applicable in practice assessment. Studies show that students who do not meet the goals of a practice period pass anyway.

Purpose

The purpose of the literature study is to describe what may lie at the core of those supervisors who allow underperforming students to pass in practice.

Method

A systematic literature search was carried out in March 2013 in the CHINAL, OVID Nursing database, OVID Medline, OVID PsycInfo, ProQuest, Science Direct, Eric, Norart and SweMed+.

Results

Nine articles and a monograph were included in the study. The reasons for not failing an incompetent student stems from lack of knowledge and confidence, challenges related to documentation, personal attitudes and beliefs, lack of support, the scarcity of time and the fear that the decision would be overturned by the university and the appeal.

Conclusion

The study shows that the supervisors have lack of competence in the role of their supervisor, both on the knowledge, skills and personal competence. To ensure that underperforming students fail, the need for training and support to the supervisors is essential.
‘Disse smertene plager min sjel’: En kvalitativ intervjustudie av iranske kvinner i Norge
Authors: Saadati Monir , Hanssen Ingrid
Published: April 2015

Aim

To learn about Iranian women’s experience with chronic pain and Norwegian nurses’ nursing care.

Background

Chronic pain is aggravated by social, economic and political strain causing serious accompanying psychological symptoms. Iran women’s position is characterized by social and political discrimination and inequity. Women are expected to be homemakers and obey their male family members.

Method

Semi-structured in-depth interviews with five female Iranian refugees aged 39–55 years who had lived 10 or more years in Norway. Hermeneutic analysis. Informed consent was given by all respondents.

Findings

Culturally-based duties and expectation aggravate their pain, anxiety, depression and insomnia. This may result in aggressiveness, bitterness, concentration problems, fatigue, heartaches, and a feeling of inadequacy. They are lonely and miss homeland, family and friends. Their losses make the pain worse. Norwegian nurses are seen as unbelieving regarding their pain, which make them take pain medication brought from home rather than ask for analgesics.

Conclusion

Traditional roles and expectations, limited social network, and longing for homeland, friends, and family aggravate these women’s chronic pain and make them vulnerable.
Födoämnesöverkänslighet hos personer med Ehlers-Danlos syndrom: Ett vanligt problem
Authors: Berglund Britta
Published: April 2015

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder with generalized joint hypermobility, complications of instability, chronic musculoskeletal pain, a bleeding tendency, oral health problems and food hypersensitivity. A connection between hypermobility of joints and gastrointestinal problems is described. This study shows that indigestion is common in this group of 250 respondents from the Swedish EDS group. In total, 30% of the respondents reported no sensitivity to food at all, but 47% reported hypersensitivity for more than four food items. Most frequent reported food items were carbohydrates, histamine- and birch-related foods. Indigestion, itching and diarrhoea were most common problems related to food hypersensitivity.
Do nurses change a child’s peripheral intravenous catheter when clinically indicated?
Authors: Bramhagen Ann-Cathrine , Löwenhielm Mikael , Idvall Ewa
Published: April 2015

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate if nurses change a child’s peripheral intravenous catheter when clinically indicated.

Background

Today, inserting a peripheral intravenous catheter is a common procedure in hospital care, but this can be painful and traumatic for children. There are guidelines when to change the peripheral catheter in adults, but no similar guidelines was found concerning children. A Cochrane review from 2010 concludes that the policy should be to change the peripheral intravenous catheter when clinically indicated. This includes phlebitis, but also pain, redness, infiltration, swelling, leakage and blockage.

Method

The design was prospective and observational. Daily observations were made at the hospital by one of the researchers and notes were made in a protocol.

Findings

Thirty-three children with a total of 47 peripheral intravenous catheters participated, and 104 observations were made. Of the children, 42% (14/33) developed complications. Among the children with phlebitis grade 2 and 3, the nurses did not change the peripherala intravenous catheter when clinically indicated.

Conclusion

This study shows that phlebitis occurs in children with a peripheral intravenous catheter and the PIC were not changed when clinically indicated. It is the professional’s responsibility to reduce the painful experiences for children during hospital care, and more research concerning nurses’ clinical decisions needs to be conducted.