bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AutophagyNet: High-resolution data source for the analysis of autophagy and its regulation
Authors: Csabai Luca , Bohár Balázs , Türei Dénes , Prabhu Sowmya , Földvári-Nagy László , Madgwick Matthew , Fazekas Dávid , Módos Dezső , Ölbei Márton , Halka Themis , Poletti Martina , Kornilova Polina , Kadlecsik Tamás , Demeter Amanda , Szalay-Bekő Máté , Kapuy Orsolya , Lenti Katalin , Vellai Tibor , Gul Lejla , Korcsmáros Tamás
Published: March 2023

Autophagy is a highly-conserved catabolic process eliminating dysfunctional cellular components and invading pathogens. Autophagy malfunction contributes to disorders such as cancer, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases. Understanding autophagy regulation in health and disease has been the focus of the last decades. We previously provided an integrated database for autophagy research, the Autophagy Regulatory Network (ARN). For the last seven years, this resource has been used by thousands of users. Here, we present a new and upgraded resource, AutophagyNet. It builds on the previous database but contains major improvements to address user feedback and novel needs due to the advancement in omics data availability. AutophagyNet contains updated interaction curation and integration of over 280,000 experimentally verified interactions between core autophagy proteins and their protein, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators as well as their potential upstream pathway connections. AutophagyNet provides annotations for each core protein about their role: 1) in different types of autophagy (mitophagy, xenophagy, etc.); 2) in distinct stages of autophagy (initiation, elongation, termination, etc); 3) with subcellular and tissue-specific localization. These annotations can be used to filter the dataset, providing customizable download options tailored to the user’s needs. The resource is available in various file formats (e.g., CSV, BioPAX and PSI-MI), and data can be analyzed and visualized directly in Cytoscape. The multi-layered regulation of autophagy can be analyzed by combining AutophagyNet with tissue- or cell type-specific using (multi-)omics datasets (e.g. transcriptomic or proteomic data). The resource is publicly accessible athttp://autophagynet.org.
Spatiotemporally organized immunomodulatory response to SARS-CoV-2 virus in primary human broncho-alveolar epithelia
Authors: Castaneda Diana Cadena , Jangra Sonia , Yurieva Marina , Martinek Jan , Callender Megan , Coxe Matthew , Choi Angela , Diego Juan García-Bernalt , Lin Jianan , Wu Te-Chia , Marches Florentina , Chaussabel Damien , Yu Peter , Salner Andrew , Aucello Gabrielle , Koff Jonathan , Hudson Briana , Church Sarah E. , Gorman Kara , Anguiano Esperanza , García-Sastre Adolfo , Williams Adam , Schotsaert Michael , Palucka Karolina
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a health crisis with major unmet medical needs. The early responses from airway epithelial cells, the first target of the virus regulating the progression towards severe disease, are not fully understood. Primary human air-liquid interface cultures representing the broncho-alveolar epithelia were used to study the kinetics and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants infection. The infection measured by nucleoprotein expression, was a late event appearing between day 4-6 post infection for Wuhan-like virus. Other variants demonstrated increasingly accelerated timelines of infection. All variants triggered similar transcriptional signatures, an “early” inflammatory/immune signature preceding a “late” type I/III IFN, but differences in the quality and kinetics were found, consistent with the timing of nucleoprotein expression. Response to virus was spatially organized: CSF3 expression in basal cells and CCL20 in apical cells. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 virus triggers specific responses modulated over time to engage different arms of immune response.
“Understanding the journey from A to Z”: centering peer support perspectives to unveil the mechanisms and power of peer support
Authors: Rao Sandy , Dimitropoulos Gina
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to gain insights from peer support workers (PSWs) on the unseen mechanisms of peer support work that may be applied to implementing a child and youth mental health peer support program in a children’s hospital emergency department (ED).

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a critical realist perspective with a qualitative research design. Eight participants, all PSWs in health, community and social services working with adults, adolescents and children, were recruited from Alberta, Canada. Data were collected through in-person semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis.

Findings

The results generated interrelated patterns of meaning among PSWs that were grouped into three main themes: inside out and outside in, no one leaves empty-handed and sculpting health system softness.

Research limitations/implications

All participants were trained by the same organization and may have similar understandings and approaches to the peer support role. Participants were predominantly of a similar demographic; thus, participants with minoritized identities may have challenges not represented.

Practical implications

Using nontraditional staffing models in an acute center may facilitate a shift to meet the chronic and complex issues of the 21st century.

Social implications

Youth peer support roles may reduce stigma by challenging stereotypes and myths, reduce social isolation and improve meaning, connection and belonging for individuals with mental illness who are often dislocated and disconnected from society.

Originality/value

This study exemplified the positive impacts peer support could make by improving child, youth and family experiences; reducing stigma; providing hope and help; and embedding the recovery model directly into the ED.
Driving the sustainability agenda: a wakeup call for hospitality education
Authors: Munjal Sandeep , Sharma Sanjay
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This concluding article identifies the varying perspectives and research findings that emanate from the collection of articles in this theme issue. It also revisits the theme issue question and provides some directions for further research in the form of a call for action based on the key findings of this issue. It is apparent that there is an urgent need for hospitality education in the higher education sector to give space and focus to sustainability practices in their curriculum and ensure that the content is embedded and delivered in a contemporary way. Further, the faculty should be up-to-date and understand their role as drivers of the sustainability footprint for tourism and hospitality. The authors argue that hospitality education not only needs to catch up but also make a determined effort to lead applied research that can inform the industry in terms of what and how more can be done to mitigate the negative impacts of tourism activity.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on a content analysis of the article collection in this theme issue: How is hospitality education embedding sustainable practices in their curriculum and programme delivery? An Asian perspective is considered here in order to summarize, conclude and suggest some next steps.

Findings

There is an urgent need to support and advance the cause of sustainability in tourism and hospitality, especially in the Asian context. The paper identifies key steps that need to be taken by the hospitality higher education sector in order to contribute to the larger goal of sustainable practices that can be easily understood and adopted by those managing hospitality businesses.

Originality/value

The paper documents the theme issue findings and provides a collaborative research agenda based on the findings of the theme issue writing team.
Candace Hill‐Montgomery, Against Containment
Authors: Tobin Amy
Published: March 2023

This essay focuses on the work of New York‐based artist and poet Candace Hill‐Montgomery. In 1979, Hill‐Montgomery described her work as changing ‘the containment we all live within’, pointing both to the social and political investments of her practice, and to her formal transition from making art in her studio to making installations in public, often from found materials and detritus. Her desire for recognition and understanding across difference at a moment of rising neo‐conservatism was an investment in social and subjective repair. I trace this impulse across ‘environmental sculptures’, collages and artist's books made between 1979 and 1983, articulating a general impetus to be against containment that, I argue, is also instructive as an art‐historical method.
UNRAVELLED HOMES: Forced Evictions and Home Remaking in Jakarta
Authors: Siagian Clara , Utomo Ariane , Kamil Muhammad Insan , Cook Brian
Published: March 2023

This article explores the contours of modernization in the unmaking and remaking of homes among evicted and resettled families in highrise housing. We examine the trajectories of forced eviction by drawing upon interviews with 17 individuals from nine evicted families who have transitioned from living in informal settlements to highrise social housing (rusunawa) in Jakarta. Drawing on two strands of literature—‘developmental idealism and the family’ from population studies and the critical geographies of ‘homemaking’—we argue that the demolition of houses is but an initial event in a long, quiet and subtle, yet profoundly defining, process of ‘upgrading’ families as part of ‘improving’ society, according to developmental logic. The disciplining of the urban poor does not end with the demolition of their houses, but rather continues as part of the fulfilment of shelter. This article attends to the slow unravelling of home hidden and embedded in post‐eviction everyday lives, which are often overlooked because of the overt and violent brutality of forced eviction. While eviction can be seen as the violent visual expression of developmentalism, we argue that the relocation in rusunawa is where this ideal permeates into daily domestic life, making mundane activities a battleground for different ideals of ‘home’.
How the COVID‐19 crisis affected the well‐being of nurses working in paediatric critical care: A qualitative study
Authors: Pountney Jackson , Butcher Isabelle , Donnelly Peter , Morrison Rachael , Shaw Rachel L.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Evidence shows paediatric critical care (PCC) nurses display high rates of burnout, moral distress, symptoms associated with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and poor well‐being. The COVID‐19 pandemic magnified these pressures producing extremely challenging working conditions. The objective was to understand PCC nurses' lived experience of working during COVID‐19 to determine the impact it had on their well‐being.

Design

A qualitative design was used with individual, semi‐structured online interviews analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Ten nurses from six PCC units in England participated. Five themes were generated: (i) Challenges of working in Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), (ii) Adapting to redeployment to adult intensive care, (iii) Changes to staff working relationships, (iv) Being unable to attain work‐life balance and (v) Unprocessed traumatic experiences of working in COVID‐19. It was clear COVID‐19 presented novel challenges to PCC nurses' well‐being. With those came enforced changes in practice; some were temporary, for example use of PPE and redeployment, but others provided insight into the prerequisites for good staff well‐being, for example strong professional relationships, work–life balance and managing one's psychological health.

Conclusions

Findings show authentic connections between peers, verbal and non‐verbal communication and a sense of belonging were crucial to nurses' well‐being. A dent in PCC nurses' perceived competence significantly affected their well‐being. Finally, staff need a psychologically safe space to process distress and trauma experienced during COVID‐19. Future research needs to test evidence‐based, theoretically‐informed well‐being interventions to improve and maintain PCC nurses' well‐being.
Changes in biomarkers of endothelial function, oxidative stress, inflammation and lipids after smoking cessation: A cohort study
Authors: Colsoul Marie‐Lise , Goderniaux Nicolas , Onorati Sabrina , Dupuis Stéphanie , Jamart Jacques , Vanpee Dominique , Berlin Ivan , Galanti Laurence
Published: March 2023

Background

Tobacco use is known to be involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases, which leads to premature mortality. Endothelial dysfunction, the first step in this process, was shown induced by smoking. It is reported that quitting smoking could reduce the risk of diseases, but the implied mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the biological markers of endothelial function in smokers when actively smoking and after cessation.

Methods

Quantification of several biomarkers reflecting inflammation, endothelium activation, oxidative stress, and lipids was performed in 65 smokers when actively smoking and after cessation (median abstinence duration of 70 days).

Results

A possible decrease of inflammation was observed through the concentration reduction of a proinflammatory cytokine (interleukine‐6) on quitting. A decrease of endothelium activation was visible by the reduced level of the soluble intercellular adhesion molecule. Two antioxidants, uric acid and vitamin C, were found at higher concentration than before the cessation, potentially reflecting the decrease of oxidative stress on quitting. Lipid profile was improved post‐quit since HDL level was increased and LDL level was decreased. All these effects were visible at short term with abstinence duration less than 70 days. No sex‐specific difference was observed and no additional changes were observed for longer abstinence duration.

Conclusion

These observations suggest that some adverse effects of smoking on endothelial function could be reversible on quitting smoking. It could encourage smokers to enter a cessation program to reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases development.
Acupuncture for treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A clinical practice guideline
Authors: Luo Xiaochao , Liu Jiali , Li Qianrui , Zhao Jiping , Hao Qiukui , Zhao Ling , Chen Yemeng , Yin Pengbin , Li Ling , Liang Fanrong , Sun Xin
Published: March 2023

Clinical question

Is acupuncture effective in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA)?

Current practice

Although increasingly used in the clinical setting, acupuncture is not mentioned or weakly recommended in guidelines for the treatment of KOA.

Recommendations

We suggest acupuncture rather than no treatment in adult KOA (weak recommendation, moderate certainty evidence), and acupuncture combined with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) rather than acupuncture alone when KOA symptoms are severe (weak recommendation, moderate certainty evidence), with duration of acupuncture for 4–8 weeks depending on KOA severity and treatment response (weak recommendation, moderate certainty evidence), and discussing with patients in shared decision‐making.

How this guideline was created

This rapid recommendation was developed following the Making GRADE the Irresistible Choice (MAGIC) methodological framework. First, the clinical specialist identified the topic of recommendation and demand for evidence. Then the independent evidence synthesis group performed a systematic review to summarize available evidence and evaluate the evidence using the GRADE approach. Finally, the clinical specialist group produced recommendations for practice through a consensus procedure.

The evidence

The linked systematic review and meta‐analysis included 9422 KOA patients, 61.1% of whom were women. The median mean age was 61.8 years. Compared with no treatment, acupuncture had beneficial effect on KOA in improving the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total score (moderate certainty evidence), and WOMAC pain (very low certainty evidence), WOMAC stiffness (low certainty evidence), and WOMAC function (low certainty evidence) subscale scores. Compared with usual care, acupuncture improved WOMAC stiffness subscale score (moderate certainty evidence). Subgroup analyses showed different effects in the improvement of WOMAC total scores by different durations of acupuncture and whether acupuncture combined with NSAIDs, but no difference between manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture was found.

Understanding the recommendations

Compared with no treatment, acupuncture is suggested to reduce pain, stiffness, and disfunction in KOA patients, ultimately improving the patient's health status. Acupuncture can be used as an alternative therapy when usual care is ineffective or there are adverse reactions so that patients can no longer continue the treatment. Manual acupuncture or electroacupuncture is suggested for 4–8 weeks to improve the health status of KOA. The patient's values and preferences should be considered when selecting acupuncture for KOA treatment.
Isotopic turnover in polar cod (Boreogadus saida) muscle determined through a controlled feeding experiment
Authors: Ziegler Amanda Fern , Bluhm Bodil A. , Renaud Paul E. , Jørgensen Lis L.
Published: March 2023

Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) is an important trophic link within Arctic marine food webs and is likely to experience diet shifts in response to climate change. One important tool for assessing organism diet is bulk stable isotope analysis. However, key parameters necessary for interpreting the temporal context of stable isotope values are lacking, especially for Arctic species. This study provides the first experimental determination of isotopic turnover (as half‐life) and trophic discrimination factors (TDFs) of both δ13C and δ15N in adult polar cod muscle. Using a diet enriched in both 13C and 15N, we measured isotopic turnover times of 61 and 49 days for δ13C and δ15N, respectively, with metabolism accounting for >94% of the total turnover. These half‐life estimates are valid for adult polar cod (>3 years) experiencing little somatic growth. We measured TDFs in our control of 2.6‰ and 3.9‰ for δ13C and δ15N, respectively, and we conclude that applying the commonly used TDF of ~1‰ for δ13C for adult polar cod may lead to misrepresentation of dietary carbon source, while the use of 3.8‰ for δ15N is appropriate. Based on these results, we recommend that studies investigating seasonal shifts in the diet of adult polar cod sample at temporal intervals of at least 60 days to account for isotopic turnover in polar cod muscle. Although isotopic equilibrium was reached by the fish in this study, it was at substantially lower isotope values than the diet. Additionally, the use of highly enriched algae in the experimental feed caused very high variability in diet isotope values which precluded accurate calculation of TDFs from the enriched fish. As a result of the challenges faced in this study, we discourage the use of highly enriched diets for similar experiments and provide recommendations to guide the design of future isotopic turnover experiments.
Effect of Plantago asiatica L. extract on the anagen phase in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells
Authors: Lee Jiyeon , Kim Nari , Jung Ah‐Reum , Jang Jun‐Hwan , Lee Jae‐Soeb , Bae Jun‐Tae
Published: March 2023

Background

The hair growth cycle consists of the anagen, catagen, and telogen phases, and hair follicle dermal papilla (HDP) cells of human hair play a role in the initiation and maintenance of the anagen phase. Reduction in HDP cells contributes to hair loss; however, the limited treatment options are associated with negative side effects. Therefore, a naturally derived substance with hair loss‐preventing properties is needed.

Aim

We investigated the hair growth‐stimulating activities of Plantago asiatica L. extract (PAE) and its molecular mechanism in HDP cells.

Methods

Cell proliferation was determined using a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide solution. Relative mRNA and protein expression levels of hair growth factors were determined using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Additionally, a tube formation assay was performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).

Results

Plantago asiatica L. extract significantly increased the cell proliferation and expression of hair growth factors, including keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and MYC, in HDP cells. Moreover, PAE led to the accumulation of β‐catenin by promoting the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta (GSK‐3β) at Ser9 and cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) at Ser133 via phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) (Thr202/Tyr204). PAE also increased tube formation in HUVECs, which promoted angiogenesis for the anagen phase.

Conclusions

Plantago asiatica L. extract amplified tube formation and production of growth factors (KGF, VEGF) via the activation of GSK‐3β/β‐catenin and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/CREB signaling pathways, demonstrating its potential to safely promote hair growth by inducing the anagen phase.
Quality of life in mothers of children with psoriasis
Authors: Elgamal EmadEldin Abd Elmoneim , Aboelwafa Hany Othman , Ibrahim Ayman Ahmed Mahmoud , Elshafey Mai Esam Mohamed
Published: March 2023

Background

Patients' and their mothers' quality of life is severely affected by childhood psoriasis. Almost all children have a chronic illness that lasts until adulthood, which puts them at risk for lifelong difficulties like stigma, psychiatric comorbidity, and suicide.

Objective

Evaluation of the effects of childhood psoriasis on the mothers' quality of life was the project's primary objective.

Subjects and Methods

100 mothers of children with various kinds of psoriasis participated in the study. The Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI) was used to evaluate the mothers' quality of life.

Results

The mother's FDLQI score was between 3 and 25, with a mean of 13. In terms of how the FDLQI was interpreted, 8 moms had an incredibly enormous impact, 63 mothers had a very significant impact, 26 mothers had a moderate impact, and 3 mothers had a modest impact. We discovered a substantial direct link between the mother's FDLQI and the children's PASI scores. Furthermore, we discovered that scalp and pustular psoriasis had the highest FDLQI scores, indicating a poor quality of life.

Conclusion

Both the quality of life for affected children and their cares may be negatively impacted by childhood psoriasis. Age of the children, PASI score, and kind of psoriasis can all have an impact on how psoriasis in childhood affects the mother.
Host specificity of flea parasites of mammals from the Andean Biogeographic Region
Authors: Sanchez Juliana P. , Berrizbeitia M. Fernanda López , Ezquiaga M. Cecilia
Published: March 2023

Host specificity of fleas affects their biodiversity that plays a major role in determining the potential transmission routes by pathogens through vertebrate hosts, including humans. In the Biogeographic Andean region, numerous systematic and ecological studies have been conducted, revealing a high diversity of flea taxa of mammals and the presence of pathogenic organisms transmitted by fleas; however, the degree of preference with which each flea species associates with a mammal host remains poorly understood in this region. Herein, host specificity in mammal fleas from the Andean region was analysed. We employed the number of host species for each flea species and the index of host specificity STD*. Following the literature, 144 species and 13 subspecies of fleas (31 genera and 10 families) have been described in the Andean biogeographic region; 76 taxa are endemic to this region. To carry out the analyses of host specificity, we considered 1759 records of fleas collected from 124 species and 59 genera of wild and domestic mammals, mostly rodent species (85.9%). Our results indicate that typical Andean fleas are genus or family host specific (mostly STD* less than 3.0). More diverse mammal hosts are parasitized by more diverse flea genera and families and these hosts are phylogenetically related. Otherwise, these hosts are associated with different flea lineages, suggesting the interaction of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms (host‐switching, ecological adaptations and co‐evolutionary alternation). The fields of disease ecology and One Health are considering the host specificity of arthropod vectors as an important point to understand the mechanisms of emergence and re‐emergence of diseases. Our results allow us to estimate the risk of diseases involving fleas in the Andean region.
Autocatalytic effect boosts the production of medium-chain hydrocarbons by fatty acid photodecarboxylase
Authors: Samire Poutoum P. , Zhuang Bo , Légeret Bertrand , Baca-Porcel Ángel , Peltier Gilles , Sorigué Damien , Aleksandrov Alexey , Beisson Frédéric , Müller Pavel
Published: March 2023

Ongoing climate change is driving the search for renewable and carbon-neutral alternatives to fossil fuels. Photocatalytic conversion of fatty acids to hydrocarbons by fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP) represents a promising route to green fuels. However, the alleged low activity of FAP on C2 to C12 fatty acids seemed to preclude the use for synthesis of gasoline-range hydrocarbons. Here, we reveal that
Chlorella variabilis
FAP (
Cv
FAP) can convert
n
-octanoic acid in vitro four times faster than
n
-hexadecanoic acid, its best substrate reported to date. In vivo, this translates into a
Cv
FAP-based production rate over 10-fold higher for
n
-heptane than for
n
-pentadecane. Time-resolved spectroscopy and molecular modeling demonstrate that
Cv
FAP’s high catalytic activity on
n
-octanoic acid is, in part, due to an autocatalytic effect of its
n
-heptane product, which fills the rest of the binding pocket. These results represent an important step toward a bio-based and light-driven production of gasoline-like hydrocarbons.
Epigenetics as a mediator of plasticity in cancer
Authors: Feinberg Andrew P. , Levchenko Andre
Published: March 2023

The concept of an epigenetic landscape describing potential cellular fates arising from pluripotent cells, first advanced by Conrad Waddington, has evolved in light of experiments showing nondeterministic outcomes of regulatory processes and mathematical methods for quantifying stochasticity. In this Review, we discuss modern approaches to epigenetic and gene regulation landscapes and the associated ideas of entropy and attractor states, illustrating how their definitions are both more precise and relevant to understanding cancer etiology and the plasticity of cancerous states. We address the interplay between different types of regulatory landscapes and how their changes underlie cancer progression. We also consider the roles of cellular aging and intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli in modulating cellular states and how landscape alterations can be quantitatively mapped onto phenotypic outcomes and thereby used in therapy development.
Science for policy to protect children in cyberspace
Authors: Gilad Michal , Fishbein Diana H. , Nave Gideon , Packin Nizan Geslevich
Published: March 2023

Cross-disciplinary partnerships are needed to formulate policies that account for developmental vulnerabilities
Oxidative rearrangement of 1,1-disubstituted alkenes to ketones
Authors: Feng Qiang , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: March 2023

The Wacker process, which is widely used to convert monosubstituted alkenes into the corresponding methyl ketones, is thought to proceed through a Pd
II
/Pd
0
catalytic cycle involving a β-hydride elimination step. This mechanistic scenario is inapplicable to the synthesis of ketones from the 1,1-disubstituted alkenes. Current approaches based on
semi
-pinacol rearrangement of Pd
II
intermediates are limited to the ring expansion of highly strained methylene cyclobutane derivatives. Herein, we report a solution to this synthetic challenge by designing a Pd
II
/Pd
IV
catalytic cycle incorporating a 1,2-alkyl/Pd
IV
dyotropic rearrangement as a key step. This reaction, compatible with a broad range of functional groups, is applicable to both linear olefins and methylene cycloalkanes, including macrocycles. Regioselectivity favors the migration of the more substituted carbon, and a strong directing effect of the β-carboxyl group was also observed.
Global alarm system watches for methane
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: March 2023

Artificial intelligence–powered scans of satellite data detect leaks of the greenhouse gas
Vanadium-Containing Planar Heterostructures Based on Topological Insulators
Authors: Petrov E. K. , Silkin I. V. , Kuznetsov V. M. , Menshchikova T. V. , Chulkov E. V.
Published: March 2023

Vanadium-containing heterostructures consisting of an ultrathin magnetic film on the surface of a nonmagnetic topological insulator have been studied theoretically. A method has been demonstrated to control the Dirac point shift in the k space, which is a length measure of an exotic flat band appearing upon the formation of domain walls on the surface of antiferromagnetic topological insulator. The Dirac point shift is inversely proportional to the group velocity of electrons at the Dirac point and is proportional to the degree of localization of the topological state in the magnetic film. The shift is controlled by selecting a substrate with a certain work function. Particular systems have been proposed for the experimental study of flat band features in antiferromagnetic topological insulators.
Protocol for a prospective cohort study exploring the gut microbiota of infants with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (the GuMiBear study)
Authors: Magner Claire , Jenkins Dominic , Koc Fatma , Tan Mong Hoi , O’Toole Molly , Boyle Jordan , Maguire Niamh , Duignan Sophie , Murphy Kiera , Ross Paul , Stanton Catherine , McMahon Colin J
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The gut microbiota develops from birth and matures significantly during the first 24 months of life, playing a major role in infant health and development. The composition of the gut microbiota is influenced by several factors including mode of delivery, gestational age, feed type and treatment with antibiotics. Alterations in the pattern of gut microbiota development and composition can be associated with illness and compromised health outcomes.

Infants diagnosed with ‘congenital heart disease’ (CHD) often require surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) early in life. The impact of this type of surgery on the integrity of the gut microbiome is poorly understood. In addition, these infants are at significant risk of developing the potentially devastating intestinal condition necrotising enterocolitis.

Methods and analysis

This study will employ a prospective cohort study methodology to investigate the gut microbiota and urine metabolome of infants with CHD undergoing surgery involving CPB. Stool and urine samples, demographic and clinical data will be collected from eligible infants based at the National Centre for Paediatric Cardiac Surgery in Ireland. Shotgun metagenome sequencing will be performed on stool samples and urine metabolomic analysis will identify metabolic biomarkers. The impact of the underlying diagnosis, surgery involving CPB, and the influence of environmental factors will be explored. Data from healthy age-matched infants from the INFANTMET study will serve as a control for this study.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has received full ethical approval from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Children’s Health Ireland, GEN/826/20.
Implementation of nursing-led follow-up service for patients newly discharged from paediatric intensive care units: quality improvement initiative
Authors: AlZaher Ruqiah Ali , Murabi Iris , Enazi Jaber , Antar Mohannad , Kolobe Efraim , Delafuente Shelia , Awani Mona
Published: March 2023

Background

Human resource shortages are a global challenge in the healthcare system and create barriers in providing timely follow-up visits for paediatric patients discharged recently from the intensive care unit (ICU). Relying on experienced intensive care nurses to provide follow-up services for patients post paediatric ICU (PICU) transfer has been proven a cost-effective and safe practice. This study aimed to achieve no delays in initiating follow-up visits and to assess the safety of implementing a nurse-led follow-up service.

Methods

Plan–Do–Study–Act cycle was used targeting to achieve no delay in initiating follow-up visits and to maintain the safety of the patients. This cycle resulted in the implementation of a nurse-led follow-up service, which is under the provision of a paediatric rapid response team (RRT). Fifteen PICU nurses were trained in their new roles and responsibilities. Service databases were established to track and trend the frequency of visits, service safety measures and clinical deterioration.

Results

After the implementation of the nurse-led follow-up service, we achieved no delays in initiating the follow-up visits. 45% (n=487) of patients received a nurse-led follow-up visit service. Safety measures demonstrated 0.21% (n=1) recorded events of RRT activations during the follow-up service. RRT activation within 48 hours from service discharge was 1.2% (n=6), and readmission to PICU within 48 hours was 0.8% (n=4). No cardiopulmonary arrest event was recorded for patients under the nurse-led follow-up service during the service, postservice discharge or postreadmission to PICU.

Conclusions

Implementing nursing-led service has been shown to be safe, efficient and provides patients with timely visits post-PICU discharge.
Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) consensus definitions for immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated immune-related adverse events (irAEs) terminology
Authors: Naidoo Jarushka , Murphy Catherine , Atkins Michael B , Brahmer Julie R , Champiat Stephane , Feltquate David , Krug Lee M , Moslehi Javid , Pietanza M Catherine , Riemer Joanne , Robert Caroline , Sharon Elad , Suarez-Almazor Maria E , Suresh Karthik , Turner Michelle , Weber Jeffrey , Cappelli Laura C
Published: March 2023

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy may vary substantially in their clinical presentation, including natural history, outcomes to treatment, and patterns. The application of clinical guidelines for irAE management can be challenging for practitioners due to a lack of common or consistently applied terminology. Furthermore, given the growing body of clinical experience and published data on irAEs, there is a greater appreciation for the heterogeneous natural histories, responses to treatment, and patterns of these toxicities, which is not currently reflected in irAE guidelines. Furthermore, there are no prospective trial data to inform the management of the distinct presentations of irAEs. Recognizing a need for uniform terminology for the natural history, response to treatment, and patterns of irAEs, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a consensus panel composed of leading international experts from academic medicine, industry, and regulatory agencies. Using a modified Delphi consensus process, the expert panel developed clinical definitions for irAE terminology used in the literature, encompassing terms related to irAE natural history (ie, re-emergent, chronic active, chronic inactive, delayed/late onset), response to treatment (ie, steroid unresponsive, steroid dependent), and patterns (ie, multisystem irAEs). SITC developed these definitions to support the adoption of a standardized vocabulary for irAEs, which will have implications for the uniform application of irAE clinical practice guidelines and to enable future irAE clinical trials.
Shadow of the 5D Reissner–Nordström AdS black hole
Authors: Mandal Surajit , Upadhyay Sudhaker , Myrzakulov Yerlan , Yergaliyeva Gulmira
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we discuss the shadow cast by the charged Reissner–Nordström (RN) anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole. With the help of the Killing equation and Hamilton–Jacobi equation, we calculate the geodesic equations for null particles. With the help of geodesics of null particle, we then determine the celestial coordinates ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and the shadow radius of the RN AdS black hole. We present a graphical analysis of the black hole shadow and find that shadow is a perfectly dark circle. The impacts of charge and cosmological constant of the RN AdS black hole on the radius of shadow are also presented. In this connection, the radius of the shadow is a decreasing function of the charge. Furthermore, we study the effects of plasma medium on the RN AdS black hole shadow. Here, we find that radius of circular shadow increases with increasing plasma parameter. We study the shadow radius for the constrained values of charge and cosmological constant from the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] black holes. In addition, we also discuss the energy emission the rate of RN black hole. The effects of parameters like charge, cosmological constant and plasma parameter on energy emission rate are analyzed graphically.
A BP Neural Network-Based Method for Evaluating the Quality of Creative Education in Minority Regions
Authors: Yang Man , Huang Haining , Li Sijing , Luo Weitai , Chen Mengzhen , Li Ling , Yan Wei
Published: March 2023

Ethnic minority resources are very rich and contain rich historical resources and culture. Under the impact of modern information technology, the development of minority resources and the inheritance of ethnic culture are facing many challenges, and the current school education is lagging behind in exploring the ecological resources of minority groups, which makes the integration of creative education and minority groups encounter a bottleneck. In response to this situation, we make full use of the platform of creative education to actively explore the traditional skills contained in the lives of ethnic minorities. In the evaluation of creative education, we should not only focus on the evaluation of students’ works, but also on the improvement of students’ knowledge of various creative tools, their ability to use comprehensive subject knowledge, hands-on ability, solution ability and creativity ability during the whole learning process. Based on this, this paper proposes a back propagation neural network (BPNN)-based quality evaluation method for creative education to evaluate the quality of creative education from multiple dimensions. Experiments and comparisons show that the BPNN-based evaluation method proposed in this paper can better evaluate the whole process of creative education and help the further development of creative education in minority regions.
Constraints on the transition redshift using Hubble phase space portrait
Authors: Kumar Darshan , Jain Deepak , Mahajan Shobhit , Mukherjee Amitabha , Rana Akshay
Published: March 2023

One of the most significant discoveries in modern cosmology is that the universe is currently in a phase of accelerated expansion after a switch from a decelerated expansion. The redshift corresponding to this epoch is commonly referred to as the transition redshift [Formula: see text]. In this work, we put constraints on the transition redshift with both model-independent and model-dependent approaches. We consider the recently compiled database of 32 Hubble parameter measurements and the Pantheon sample of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe). In order to include the possible systematic effects in this analysis, we use the full covariance matrix of systematic uncertainties for the Hubble parameter measurements. We plot a Hubble Phase Space Portrait (HPSP) between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in a model-independent way. From this HPSP diagram, we estimate the transition redshift as well as the current value of the equation of state parameter [Formula: see text] in a model-independent way. By considering H(z) measurements, we find the best fit value of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We obtain the best fit value of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] using the Pantheon database. Further, we also use a model-dependent approach to determine [Formula: see text]. Here, we consider a nonflat [Formula: see text]CDM model as a background cosmological model. We reconstruct the cosmic triangle plot among [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] where the constraints of each parameter are determined by the location in this triangle plot. By using [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values, we find the best value of the transition redshift [Formula: see text], which is in good agreement with the Planck 2018 results at [Formula: see text] confidence level. We also simulate the observed Hubble parameter measurements in the redshift range [Formula: see text] and perform the same analysis to estimate the transition redshift.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOSIGNAL CONTROLLED HAND EXOSKELETON FOR ASSISTIVE PURPOSES
Authors: ANANDAN KAVITHA , RAJAGOPALAN NITHYA , MOHANAVELU  , MARY SINDHUJA
Published: March 2023

Exoskeletons are widely used for both rehabilitative and assistive purposes. Controlling the exoskeleton remains significant to perform the user-defined functions. This work presents the design of a low cost, biosignal-controlled hand exoskeleton exclusively meant for assistive purposes. A biosignal acquisition unit is designed and developed to acquire the electromyography (EMG) signals from Biceps, Extensor Digitorum, and Flexor Digitorum Muscles. Two different hand movement protocols are used to obtain the EMG from 21 healthy individuals. From the acquired signal, 53 features including higher order statistical features are extracted and fed to different classifiers for the classification of three different hand movements. For both the protocols used, the decision tree classification method shows a higher accuracy of 90.47% and 95.23%, respectively, compared to other classifiers. The exoskeleton is designed, 3D printed, and assembled with linear actuators. The classifier output controls the device to perform hand movements. Different hand movements specified in the protocol are executed by the exoskeleton fitted in a normally functioning hand with the help of actuators controlled by the biosignals acquired from the other hand. The inclusion of brain signals is expected to provide greater accuracy in extracting the control signal.
On inflation scenarios and dark energy in a scaled gravity
Authors: Belhaj A. , Benali M. , Ennadifi S.-E. , Lamaaoune M. , Oualaid M.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate an inflation scenario and dark energy in a scaled gravity, [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a dimensionless gravity parameter, with a kinetic term. To reduce the associated moduli space, we implement such a parameter in a specific scalar potential given by [Formula: see text]. By computing the relevant cosmological observables including the spectral index [Formula: see text] and the tensor-to-scalar ratio [Formula: see text] via the slow-roll analysis, we provide certain inflationary constraints on [Formula: see text] from the Planck observational and the recent released BICEP/Keck data. By means of a possible Higgs-inflaton coupling, we discuss dark energy in the proposed scaled gravity within such an inflation model.
Gross myofascial release of trunk with leg pull technique on low back pain with radiculopathy — A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rajan Abey P. , Gurudut Peeyoosha
Published: March 2023

Background: Lower Back Pain (LBP) with radiculopathy is a potentially more serious form of mechanical low back pain. A paucity of literature exists about the effect of the gross myofascial release (MFR) technique on the management of LBP.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of gross MFR when given as an adjunct to conventional physical therapy in subjects with low back pain with radiculopathy.

Methods: Forty subjects ([Formula: see text]) clinically diagnosed with LBP with radiculopathy were enrolled and randomly allocated to either the control group ([Formula: see text]) or the experimental group ([Formula: see text]). Both study groups received 5 sessions of intervention. The control group received conventional physical therapy while the experimental group received gross MFR of the trunk and lower limb along with conventional physical therapy. The outcome measures included were pressure pain threshold for the lower back and lower extremity, lumbar flexion and extension range of motion (ROM), percentage disability, and patient satisfaction towards the treatment which were measured pre-intervention (day 1) and post-treatment (day 5). The interaction between group and time was analysed using two-way mixed ANOVA.

Results: The results suggested that the experimental group was statistically significant over the control group in terms of pressure pain threshold in the lower back ([Formula: see text]) and lower limb ([Formula: see text]), disability ([Formula: see text]), and patient satisfaction ([Formula: see text]) and lumbar flexion ([Formula: see text]) except lumbar extension ROM ([Formula: see text]).

Conclusion: When given as an adjuvant to conventional physical therapy, gross myofascial release proved to provide a significant and faster short-term improvement over conventional treatment alone in subjects diagnosed with low back pain with radiculopathy.
Enhanced Differential Evolution and Particle Swarm Optimization Approaches for Discovering High Utility Itemsets
Authors: Sukanya N. S. , Thangaiah P. Ranjit Jeba
Published: March 2023

Mining patterns from High-utility itemsets (HUIs) have been exploited recently in place of frequent itemset mining (FIMs) or association-rule mining (ARMs) as they highlight profitability of products where quantity and profits are taken into account. Several techniques for HUIs have been proposed and they encounter exponential search spaces which have more distinct items or voluminous databases. Alternatively, Evolutionary Computations (ECs)-based meta-heuristics algorithms can be effective in solving issues in HUIs since a set of near-optimal solutions can be obtained within restricted periods. Current ECs-based techniques consume more time to identify HUIs in transactional databases, discover unacceptable combinations of HUIs, and finally fail to discover HUIs when neighborhood searches are not executed locally and globally. To overcome these challenges, a HUI mining algorithm based on Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) using multiple strategies including elitism, population diversifications, exclusive preservations, and neighborhood exploration techniques has been proposed. Thus, this work defines mining patterns based on DE and PSO to identify HUIs in voluminous transactional databases. The HUIM-DE-PSO-DE algorithm proposed in this work discovers more number of HUIs which is revealed in experimental results obtained from a set of benchmark data instances. Results are compared with existing approaches using several performance metrics including convergence speeds, minimum utility threshold values, and execution time consumed.