bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development Countermeasures of College English Education Based on Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Wu Fei , Chen Yu , Han Dan
Published: June 2022

College English education aims at cultivating students’ English application ability and promoting the development of students’ English communication level. However, at present, many college students still stay in English learning to cope with the examination. The cultivation of oral English and other comprehensive ability is little. Therefore, the development direction of college English education should be based on the actual needs of students in social work and life, and formulate a plan more suitable for contemporary development needs. In this context, to better provide countermeasures for the development of college English education, this paper provides a new English education model based on artificial intelligence (AI), and evaluates students’ comprehensive English ability through deep learning (DL). This paper not only constructs a college English teaching model and evaluation system through artificial intelligence methods but also evaluates the quality of English pronunciation through DBN. It also designs comparative experiments, and the consistency between manual evaluation and DBN-based evaluation is obtained. The results show that the English pronunciation evaluation system based on DBN has a high consistency with manual evaluation. Among them, in the speech rate evaluation, the adjacent consistency rate reaches 99.58%, showing that the evaluation model constructed in this paper is effective and verifying the feasibility of applying the artificial intelligence method to college English education.
Characterisation of Expression the Arginine Pathway Enzymes in Childhood Brain Tumours to Determine Susceptibility to Therapeutic Arginine Depletion
Authors: Bishop Eleanor , Dimitrova Monika , Froggatt Alexander , Estevez-Cebrero Maria , Storer Lisa C. D. , Mussai Francis , Paine Simon , Grundy Richard G. , Dandapani Madhumita
Published: June 2022

Despite significant improvements in treatment and survival in paediatric cancers, outcomes for children with brain tumours remain poor. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed to improve survival and quality of survival. Extracellular arginine dependency (auxotrophy) has been recognised in several tumours as a potential therapeutic target. This dependency is due to the inability of cancer cells to recycle or synthesise intracellular arginine through the urea cycle pathway compared to normal cells. Whilst adult glioblastoma exhibits this dependency, the expression of the arginine pathway enzymes has not been delineated in paediatric brain tumours. We used immunohistochemical (IHC) methods to stain for arginine pathway enzymes in paediatric high‐grade glioma (pHGG), low‐grade glioma (pLGG), ependymoma (EPN), and medulloblastoma (MB) tumour tissue microarrays (TMAs). The antibodies detected protein expression of the metaboliser arginase (Arg1 and Arg2); recycling enzymes ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC), argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1), and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL); and the transporter SLC7A1. Deficiency of OTC, ASS1, and ASL was seen in 87.5%, 94%, and 79% of pHGG samples, respectively, consistent with an auxotrophic signature. Similar result was obtained in pLGG with 96%, 93%, and 91% of tumours being deficient in ASL, ASS1, and OTC, respectively. 79%, 88%, and 85% of MB cases were ASL, ASS1, and OTC deficient whilst ASL and OTC were deficient in 57% and 91% of EPN samples. All tumour types highly expressed SLC7A1 and Arginase, with Arg2 being the main isoform, demonstrating that they could transport and utilise arginine. Our results show that pHGG, pLGG, EPN, and MB demonstrate arginine auxotrophy based on protein expression and are likely to be susceptible to arginine depletion. Pegylated arginase (BCT‐100) is currently in phase I/II trials in relapsed pHGG. Our results suggest that therapeutic arginine depletion may also be useful in other tumour types and IHC analysis of patient tumour samples could help identify patients likely to benefit from this treatment.
Rapid Restoration of Medical Images Relying on Bayesian Personalized Sorting Algorithm
Authors: Cao Yuanhao
Published: June 2022

Aiming at the real-time problem of medical image depth information restoration, which leads to the incomplete image data information collected in the process of medical image data acquisition, this study proposes a fast medical image restoration method based on the Bayesian personalized sorting algorithm (BPSA), which is used to segment the low- and high-frequency sub-band images in the initial image, The optimal low-frequency sub-band coefficient is solved by combining the nonnegative matrix decomposition method, and the high-frequency direction sub-band coefficient is solved according to the local contrast of the image and the energy in some regions, to obtain the characteristics of the medical image. The medical image information can be quickly restored by triangulation, which solves the disadvantages of too many image feature points and long operation time in the traditional image restoration method. Finally, the experimental research shows that the medical image fast restoration method proposed in this study has a better effect on texture detail restoration, which can effectively reduce the time of medical image depth information restoration and can also effectively improve the accuracy, which shows the effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm.
The Prostate Cancer Androgen Receptor Cistrome in African American Men Associates with Upregulation of Lipid Metabolism and Immune Response
Authors: Berchuck Jacob E. , Adib Elio , Abou Alaiwi Sarah , Dash Amit K. , Shin Jin Na , Lowder Dallin , McColl Collin , Castro Patricia , Carelli Ryan , Benedetti Elisa , Deng Jenny , Robertson Matthew , Baca Sylvan C. , Bell Connor , McClure Heather M. , El Zarif Talal , Davidsohn Matthew P. , Lakshminarayanan Gitanjali , Rizwan Kinza , Skapura Darlene G. , Grimm Sandra L. , Davis Christel M. , Ehli Erik A. , Kelleher Kaitlin M. , Seo Ji-Heui , Mitsiades Nicholas , Coarfa Cristian , Pomerantz Mark M. , Loda Massimo , Ittmann Michael , Freedman Matthew L. , Kaochar Salma
Published: June 2022

African-American (AA) men are more likely to be diagnosed with and die from prostate cancer than European American (EA) men. Despite the central role of the androgen receptor (AR) transcription factor in prostate cancer, little is known about the contribution of epigenetics to observed racial disparities. We performed AR chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing on primary prostate tumors from AA and EA men, finding that sites with greater AR binding intensity in AA relative to EA prostate cancer are enriched for lipid metabolism and immune response genes. Integration with transcriptomic and metabolomic data demonstrated coinciding upregulation of lipid metabolism gene expression and increased lipid levels in AA prostate cancer. In a metastatic prostate cancer cohort, upregulated lipid metabolism associated with poor prognosis. These findings offer the first insights into ancestry-specific differences in the prostate cancer AR cistrome. The data suggest a model whereby increased androgen signaling may contribute to higher levels of lipid metabolism, immune response, and cytokine signaling in AA prostate tumors. Given the association of upregulated lipogenesis with prostate cancer progression, our study provides a plausible biological explanation for the higher incidence and aggressiveness of prostate cancer observed in AA men.

Significance:

With immunotherapies and inhibitors of metabolic enzymes in clinical development, the altered lipid metabolism and immune response in African-American men provides potential therapeutic opportunities to attenuate racial disparities in prostate cancer.
Abstract A01: Clinical detection of melanoma via endogenous fluorophore lifetime imaging
Authors: Pellionisz Peter A. , Hu Yong , Kim Jenny , Grundfest Warren , St. John Maie A.
Published: June 2022

Objective: The 5-year survival for cutaneous malignant head and neck melanoma is very poor (17%). As proof of principle, we detect variations in endogenous fluorophore lifetimes by illuminating tissue with pulsed ultraviolet (UV) light. We have previously shown that dynamic optical contrast imaging is capable of delineating tumor margins. Our aim herein was to acquire clinical and intraoperative multispectral images that permit selection of regions of interest (ROI) to reliably and noninvasively perform a rapid optical biopsy in the patient.

Methods: Patient cases of cutaneous melanoma were acquired with pulsed UV illumination utilizing a 6-diode in-series system. Emitted fluorescence was detected with a nanosecond gated CCD detector. The acquired signal is transformed into a relative difference value representing tissue fluorophore lifetime.

Results: From (n=4) patient cases we acquired DOCI images both pre- and post-resection leading to a database of in vivo relative lifetime values that align to histology sections from corresponding locations via pathology. The spectral features of our images enabled classification of clinician-determined regions of interest in DOCI images in order to establish measures of internal and external validity of our novel device.

Conclusion: Our device augments native tissue contrast via wide-field imaging to produce spatially resolved and pathology-specific maps of tissue. Our database of histology-matched real-time images is aimed to permit intraoperative guidance for tumor margin delineation in dermatologic surgery.

Citation Format: Peter A. Pellionisz, Yong Hu, Jenny Kim, Warren Grundfest, Maie A. St. John. Clinical detection of melanoma via endogenous fluorophore lifetime imaging [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A01.
Abstract B09: Nitric oxide stimulates PI3K-AKT pathway activation by S-nitrosylation of PTEN in human melanoma cells
Authors: Ding Zhen , Ogata Dai , Roszik Jason , Qin Yong , Kim Sun-Hee , Ekmekcioglu Suhendan , Grimm Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2022

Based on our previous finding that inflammation associated nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in melanoma and its association with poor prognosis in melanoma patients, we investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) on the PI3K-Akt pathway. Human melanoma cell lines were exposed in vitro to the NO donor (DETA NONOate), and increased Akt Serine 473 phosphorylation (pAkt S473) was detected after addition of 50-500μM DETA NONOate at as early as 2 hours. Significant increases of pAkt S473 were observed mostly in cell lines with wild-type PTEN, such as A375 and MeWo, which under our conditions do not have elevated basal Akt phosphorylation. A375 cells were further examined for DETA NONOate-induced functional consequences of Akt phosphorylation and activation; enhanced kinase activity was found to increase phosphorylation of 12 of 16 AKT signaling proteins, which include GSK, MAPK, Bad, and others. By analyzing melanoma data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found a similar result that patients with positive iNOS mRNA expression have higher pAkt S473 levels compared with those without iNOS. When both PTEN and iNOS expression status were analyzed, pAkt S473 is only significantly (P<0.05) increased in patients with positive iNOS and intact PTEN, supporting our hypothesis that NO may inhibit the role of PTEN as the PI3K antagonist. Further examination in A375 cells expressing iNOS confirmed the endogenous formation of PTEN S-nitrosylation (SNO), a NO-dependent post-translational modification. PTEN in cells treated with NO showed attenuated phosphatase activity. Consistent with this view, an analysis from stage III melanoma patient tissue microarray also revealed that patients with PTEN expression had a lower survival rate when they also had positive iNOS expression. In summary, our study revealed NO can stimulate the PI3K-Akt pathway in human melanoma cells, which could be promoted by NO-mediated PTEN SNO. These experimental discoveries are supported by clinical association data and have provided one plausible mechanistic insight into the possible functional consequences of inflammatory NO produced in human melanoma cells and microenvironment.

Citation Format: Zhen Ding, Dai Ogata, Jason Roszik, Yong Qin, Sun-Hee Kim, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu, Elizabeth A. Grimm. Nitric oxide stimulates PI3K-AKT pathway activation by S-nitrosylation of PTEN in human melanoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B09.
Abstract B28: A novel intestinal microbiome-derived peptide modulates immune cell activity and the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Kiefel Helena , Haria Dhwani , Katlinskaya Yuliya , Ravichandar Divya , Jain Sunit , Weinmaier Thomas , Iwai Shoko , DeSantis Todd , Takeuchi Toshi , Dabbagh Karim , Graham Kareem
Published: June 2022

The composition of the gut microbiota affects cancer development, progression, and response to therapy. A number of commensal bacteria, including Bifidobacterium, have been associated with increased response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in mouse tumor models, as well as in melanoma patients. We hypothesized that secreted peptides or proteins contribute to the effects mediated by Bifidobacterium strains in vivo. We used our unique bioinformatics-driven discovery platform to nominate putatively secreted Bifidobacterium-derived peptides for evaluation in immune cell effector assays. We have previously described bacterial peptides that induce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF) by in vitro-generated mouse and human dendritic cells, as well as effector cytokine secretion (e.g., IFNγ, IL-2) by mouse splenic T lymphocytes in vitro. To investigate the function of Bifidobacterium-derived peptides in the context of the tumor microenvironment, we injected a candidate peptide, termed SG-A, directly into the tumors of tumor-bearing mice. We then performed immune phenotyping via the Nanostring PanCancer Immune Profiling panel, as well as by flow cytometry. Both Nanostring and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated an increase in CD45+ lymphocytes within the tumors of mice treated with SG-A. Peptide SG-A also induced upregulation of dendritic cell function genes (CD40, CD83, and CD86) and multiple effector cytokines and chemokines. Restimulation of tumor-draining lymph node cells with a tumor-derived peptide antigen also increased induction of IFNγ in SG-A treated animals (vs. vehicle-treated controls). Collectively, our results demonstrate the utility of the Second Genome discovery platform for leveraging microbiome science to identify novel immunomodulatory factors. This platform offers the potential to identify agents that may complement or enhance efficacy of existing approaches to immunotherapy for melanoma and other cancers.

Citation Format: Helena Kiefel, Dhwani Haria, Yuliya Katlinskaya, Divya Ravichandar, Sunit Jain, Thomas Weinmaier, Shoko Iwai, Todd DeSantis, Toshi Takeuchi, Karim Dabbagh, Kareem Graham. A novel intestinal microbiome-derived peptide modulates immune cell activity and the tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B28.
Abstract PR16: Specific activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor inhibits melanoma and other cancers and potentiates immune and targeted therapies
Authors: Natale Chris , Li Jinyang , Zhang Jun , Aquirre Cristina , Dahal Ankit , Dentchev Tzvete , Seykora John , Stanger Ben , Ridky Todd
Published: June 2022

Modern immune and targeted therapies appear more effective against advanced melanoma in women than in men. Melanoma incidence is also lower in women. Similar sex differences are observed in other tumors that are not classically considered sex hormone responsive. Here, we show that much of the protective effect likely results from estrogen signaling through the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) on tumor cells. Selective GPER activation in primary male and female melanocytes, and in melanoma cells, induced long-term changes that maintained a more differentiated cell state as defined by increased expression of well-established melanocyte differentiation antigens, increased pigment production, decreased proliferative capacity, and decreased expression of the oncodriver and stem cell marker c-Myc. GPER signaling also rendered melanoma cells more vulnerable to immunotherapy. Systemic delivery of a small-molecule, selective GPER agonist was well tolerated, and cooperated with PD-1 directed immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma-bearing mice to dramatically extend survival, with up to half of mice clearing their tumor. Complete responses were associated with immune memory that protected against rechallenge with naive tumor cells. Specific GPER activation in the BRaf-driven murine melanoma model (YUMM1.7) also delayed resistance to targeted BRaf inhibition in vivo. Similar antitumor responses were observed in genetically defined KRas-driven syngeneic pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) models. The GPER agonist used has favorable pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability in mice and higher vertebrates and appears to have a large therapeutic window. Together, these data suggest that GPER may be a useful, pharmacologically accessible target for melanoma and other common cancers.

This abstract is also being presented as Poster B15.

Citation Format: Chris Natale, Jinyang Li, Jun Zhang, Cristina Aquirre, Ankit Dahal, Tzvete Dentchev, John Seykora, Ben Stanger, Todd Ridky. Specific activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor inhibits melanoma and other cancers and potentiates immune and targeted therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr PR16.
Comprehensive Viral Genotyping Reveals Prognostic Viral Phylogenetic Groups in HPV16-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx
Authors: Schrank Travis P. , Landess Lee , Stepp Wesley H. , Rehmani Hina , Weir William H. , Lenze Nicholas , Lal Asim , Wu Di , Kothari Aditi , Hackman Trevor G. , Sheth Siddharth , Patel Shetal , Jefferys Stuart R. , Issaeva Natalia , Yarbrough Wendell G.
Published: June 2022

Human papillomavirus–positive (HPV+) squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPSCC) is the most prevalent HPV-associated malignancy in the United States and is primarily caused by HPV subtype 16 (HPV16). Favorable treatment outcomes have led to increasing interest in treatment deescalation to reduce treatment-related morbidity. Prognostic biomarkers are needed to identify appropriately low-risk patients for reduced treatment intensity. Targeted DNA sequencing including all HPV16 open reading frames was performed on tumors from 104 patients with HPV16+ OPSCC treated at a single center. Genotypes closely related to the HPV16-A1 reference were associated with increased numbers of somatic copy-number variants in the human genome and poor recurrence-free survival (RFS). Genotypes divergent from HPV16-A1 were associated with favorable RFS. These findings were independent of tobacco smoke exposure. Total RNA sequencing was performed on a second independent cohort of 89 HPV16+ OPSCC cases. HPV16 genotypes divergent from HPV16-A1 were again validated in this independent cohort, to be prognostic of improved RFS in patients with moderate (less than 30 pack-years) or low (no more than 10 pack-years) of tobacco smoke exposure. In summary, we show in two independent cohorts that viral sequence divergence from the HPV16-A1 reference is correlated with improved RFS in patients with moderate or low tobacco smoke exposure.

Implications:

HPV16 genotype is a potential biomarker that could be easily adopted to guide therapeutic decision-making related to deescalation therapy.
Activation of Tumor-Cell STING Primes NK-Cell Therapy
Authors: Knelson Erik H. , Ivanova Elena V. , Tarannum Mubin , Campisi Marco , Lizotte Patrick H. , Booker Matthew A. , Ozgenc Ismail , Noureddine Moataz , Meisenheimer Brittany , Chen Minyue , Piel Brandon , Spicer Nathaniel , Obua Bonje , Messier Cameron M. , Shannon Erin , Mahadevan Navin R. , Tani Tetsuo , Schol Pieter J. , Lee-Hassett Anna M. , Zlota Ari , Vo Ha V. , Ha Minh , Bertram Arrien A. , Han Saemi , Thai Tran C. , Gustafson Corinne E. , Venugopal Kartika , Haggerty Timothy J. , Albertson Thomas P. , Hartley Antja-Voy , Eser Pinar O. , Li Ze-Hua , Cañadas Israel , Vivero Marina , De Rienzo Assunta , Richards William G. , Abu-Yousif Adnan O. , Appleman Vicky A. , Gregory Richard C. , Parent Alexander , Lineberry Neil , Smith Eric L. , Jänne Pasi A. , Miret Juan J. , Tolstorukov Michael Y. , Romee Rizwan , Paweletz Cloud P. , Bueno Raphael , Barbie David A.
Published: June 2022

Activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway promotes antitumor immunity but STING agonists have yet to achieve clinical success. Increased understanding of the mechanism of action of STING agonists in human tumors is key to developing therapeutic combinations that activate effective innate antitumor immunity. Here, we report that malignant pleural mesothelioma cells robustly express STING and are responsive to STING agonist treatment ex vivo. Using dynamic single-cell RNA sequencing of explants treated with a STING agonist, we observed CXCR3 chemokine activation primarily in tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, as well as T-cell cytotoxicity. In contrast, primary natural killer (NK) cells resisted STING agonist–induced cytotoxicity. STING agonists enhanced migration and killing of NK cells and mesothelin-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells, improving therapeutic activity in patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids. These studies reveal the fundamental importance of using human tumor samples to assess innate and cellular immune therapies. By functionally profiling mesothelioma tumor explants with elevated STING expression in tumor cells, we uncovered distinct consequences of STING agonist treatment in humans that support testing combining STING agonists with NK and CAR-NK cell therapies.
Impact of Kangaroo Care on Premature Infants’ Oxygenation: Systematic Review
Authors: Solaz-García Álvaro , Lara-Cantón Inmaculada , Pinilla-González Alejandro , Montejano-Lozoya Raimunda , Gimeno-Navarro Ana , Sánchez-Illana Ángel , Marco-Piñol Andrea , Vento Máximo , Sáenz-González Pilar
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Kangaroo care (KC) is defined by the World Health Organization as a method of care consisting in putting premature infants or newborns in skin-to-skin contact with their parents. KC is an effective method of promoting health and well-being of infants and their families. Physiological stability during KC has been widely analyzed, however with controversial results. Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Electronic databases searched included MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus. Two authors independently reviewed and extracted information using a data extraction form. The methodological quality of the observational studies was assessed using “STROBE” and the “Cochrane Collaboration tool” for randomized controlled trials. The physiological monitoring parameters included were heart rate (HR), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2), and fractional oxygen extraction (FtOE). Results: A total of 345 articles were identified. First, 302 articles were excluded by title and then 34 articles after full-text analysis. Finally, a total of 25 studies were included. Physiological parameters monitored (HR, SpO2, rScO2, and FtOE) showed no significant changes at different study periods: pre-KC, during KC, and post-KC. Conclusions: We conclude that stable preterm infants receiving or not respiratory support show no significant differences in HR, SpO2, FtOE during KC compared to routine incubator care. rScO2 remains stable during KC with slight upward trend. Further studies with a higher level of methodological quality are needed to confirm these findings.
Dishonoured: The Fate of Infants Born out of Wedlock
Authors: Obladen Michael
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates causes and consequences of the prejudice towards extramaritally born infants. The main rationale for such defamation seems to have been religious teachings. However, rather than a matter of sexual morals, “illegitimacy” became an economic issue when infants were maintained on taxpayers’ money. Under most civil laws, “bastards” could not inherit. In German-speaking states, they were excluded from the guilds, which deprived them of professional training. They found refuge in “dishonest” professions and life in poverty. In the Late Middle Ages, a third of the population was probably born extramaritally. From 1400 to 1600, the illegitimacy ratio dropped markedly, but from 1650 to 1850, it seems to have gradually risen from around 5 to 9% in most European states. French authorities did not search for the putative father but offered the mother the possibility to abandon her child in a foundling asylum. In 1990, the term “illegitimacy” was replaced by “born out of wedlock.” After an extramarital birth, the infant mortality rate was elevated by 40–50% above that of maritally born infants. After 1960, effective contraception changed sexual morals, but marital fell more than extramarital fertility. Paternity was no longer uncertain. The Catholic church’s influence decreased; and legal reforms protected the infant. Today, half of all infants in Europe are born out of wedlock; that is no longer a proxy for poverty.
Escuchando a los abuelos: transdisciplina, aves y gente para cultivar la memoria biocultural
Authors: Ibarra José Tomás , Caviedes Julián , Barreau Antonia , Pessa Natalia , Valenzuela Jeannette , Navarro-Manquelef Silvia , Pizarro J. Cristóbal
Published: June 2022

(analítico)Presentamos una iniciativa y proponemos una metodología transdisciplinaria para cultivar la memoria biocultural, basada en los procesos de participación y materialización en comunidades de práctica (educativas). Presentamos el proyecto «Escuchando a los abuelos», que buscó facilitar diálogos intergeneracionales en tres escuelas mapuche (~ 90 niños y niñas) en Wallmapu, Chile. «Escuchando a los abuelos» utilizó a las aves como protagonistas de narrativas locales sobre el territorio. Cocreamos un ciclo de cinco pasos para promover la participación y la materialización. Los niños y niñas desarrollaron un ejercicio de abstracción para dar significado a las narrativas que ellos mismos recopilaron para crear memes positivos sobre las aves. Estos memes fueron comunicados dentro y más allá de sus comunidades. Concluimos que la experiencia de los abuelos debe ser honrada para contrarrestar la actual extinción de la experiencia biocultural.
Palabras clave:  Arte-ciencia; comunidades de práctica; educación ambiental; etnoornitología; extinción de la experiencia; mapuche; socio-ornitología.
Endothelial Cell Insulin Signaling Regulates CXCR4 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4) and Limits Leukocyte Adhesion to Endothelium
Authors: Rathjen Thomas , Kunkemoeller Britta , Cederquist Carly T. , Wang Xuanchun , Lockhart Sam M. , Patti James C. , Willenbrock Hanni , Olsen Grith Skytte , Povlsen Gro Klitgaard , Beck Hans Christian , Rasmussen Lars Melholt , Li Qian , Park Kyoungmin , King George L. , Rask-Madsen Christian
Published: June 2022

Background:

An activated, proinflammatory endothelium is a key feature in the development of complications of obesity and type 2 diabetes and can be caused by insulin resistance in endothelial cells.

Methods:

We analyzed primary human endothelial cells by RNA sequencing to discover novel insulin-regulated genes and used endothelial cell culture and animal models to characterize signaling through CXCR4 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4) in endothelial cells.

Results:

CXCR4 was one of the genes most potently regulated by insulin, and this was mediated by PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase), likely through FoxO1, which bound to the CXCR4 promoter. CXCR4 mRNA in CD31+ cells was 77% higher in mice with diet-induced obesity compared with lean controls and 37% higher in db/db mice than db/+ controls, consistent with upregulation of CXCR4 in endothelial cell insulin resistance. SDF-1 (stromal cell–derived factor-1)—the ligand for CXCR4—increased leukocyte adhesion to cultured endothelial cells. This effect was lost after deletion of CXCR4 by gene editing while 80% of the increase was prevented by treatment of endothelial cells with insulin. In vivo microscopy of mesenteric venules showed an increase in leukocyte rolling after intravenous injection of SDF-1, but most of this response was prevented in transgenic mice with endothelial overexpression of IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1).

Conclusions:

Endothelial cell insulin signaling limits leukocyte/endothelial cell interaction induced by SDF-1 through downregulation of CXCR4. Improving insulin signaling in endothelial cells or inhibiting endothelial CXCR4 may reduce immune cell recruitment to the vascular wall or tissue parenchyma in insulin resistance and thereby help prevent several vascular complications.
Relationship of Sodium Intake With Granulocytes, Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Prospective EPIC‐Norfolk Cohort
Authors: Wenstedt Eliane F. E. , Peters Sengers Hessel , Boekholdt S. Matthijs , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nicholas J. , van den Born Bert‐Jan H. , Vogt Liffert
Published: June 2022

Background

Experimental studies show that high‐sodium intake affects the innate immune system, among others with increased circulating granulocytes. Whether this relationship exists on a population level and whether this relates to disease outcomes is unclear. We aimed to test the hypotheses that (1) sodium intake is associated with granulocytes on a population level; (2) granulocytes are associated with the presence of hypertension and both cardiovascular and renal outcomes; and (3) the relation between high‐sodium intake and these outcomes is mediated by granulocytes.

Methods and Results

We performed an analysis in 13 804 participants from the prospective EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer)‐Norfolk cohort, with a mean age of 58 years and median follow‐up of 19.3 years. Analyses were carried out using calculated estimated sodium intake and sodium‐to‐potassium ratios from spot urines at baseline. The main outcomes were hypertension at baseline, and composite cardiovascular (mortality or cardiovascular events) and renal (mortality or renal events) outcomes during follow‐up. Sodium intake and urine sodium‐to‐potassium ratio were positively associated with circulating granulocyte concentrations after adjustment for confounders (β=0.03;
P
=0.028 and β=0.06;
P
<0.001, respectively). Granulocytes significantly mediated the associations of, respectively, sodium intake and urine sodium‐to‐potassium ratio with hypertension at baseline, and cardiovascular and renal outcomes.

Conclusions

Sodium intake is positively associated with circulating granulocyte concentrations, and higher granulocyte concentrations associate with worse long‐term cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Given the recently established immune‐modulating effects of sodium and the role of immune cells in both cardiovascular and renal disease, causality for this pathway may need consideration in further studies.
Carotid Stenting Versus Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Jie , Bai Xuesong , Wang Tao , Dmytriw Adam A. , Patel Aman B. , Jiao Liqun
Published: June 2022

Background:

To compare safety and efficacy between carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in treating asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis based on results from randomized controlled trials.

Methods:

Randomized controlled trials comparing CAS and CEA in treating asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis were searched from databases of the EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane libraries. Two independent reviewers identified eligible studies, extracted relevant data, and used the Cochrane risk of bias tool to assess quality. Mantel-Haenszel method random-effects models were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) regarding perioperative risks between CAS and CEA. Kaplan-Meier curve data were extracted and analyzed through Exp[(O-E)/Var] fixed-effect models to calculate the Peto odds ratio (OR) regarding long-term outcomes.

Results:

Sixteen articles from 7 randomized controlled trials were included, reporting relevant outcomes for 7118 asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis patients (CAS: n=3920; CEA: n=3198). Compared with the CEA group, CAS group had no difference in perioperative composite end point events including stroke, death, and myocardial infarction (MI; OR, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.87–1.47];
P
=0.37, I
2
=0%). Compared with CEA, CAS had a higher risk of any stroke during the perioperative period (OR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.16–2.24];
P
=0.004, I
2
=0%) and an increased risk of nondisabling stroke (OR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.23–2.65];
P
=0.003, I
2
=0%), but there was no significant difference in disabling stroke and death between groups (OR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.50–1.65];
P
=0.76, I
2
=0%). For long-term outcomes, no difference regarding the composite outcome of any stroke, death, and myocardial infarction existed between CEA and CAS (Peto OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.94–1.48];
P
=0.14, I
2
=0%). Individual-level patient data would be important to verify the long-term outcome results.

Conclusions:

When treating asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, CAS has comparable perioperative and long-term composite outcomes compared with CEA. However, CAS may have a higher risk of any stroke and nondisabling stroke in the perioperative period.
Intertidal chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the rocky coastline of Guerrero, México, with the description of a new species
Authors: REYES-GÓMEZ ADRIANA , FLORES-GARZA RAFAEL , GALEANA-REBOLLEDO LIZETH , HERNÁNDEZ-VERA GERARDO , GALVÁN-VILLA CRISTIAN M. , TORREBLANCA-RAMÍREZ CARMINA , FLORES-RODRÍGUEZ PEDRO , GARCÍA-IBAÑEZ SERGIO , RÍOS-JARA EDUARDO
Published: June 2022

Chitons from southern México have been poorly documented hitherto and little is known about the species present in this region. Here we report 12 intertidal to shallow subtidal species in six families and nine genera. Chiton articulatus, Chiton albolineatus, and Ischnochiton muscarius were numerically the most common species, accounting for 29%, 27%, and 26% of individuals found, followed by Chaetopleura lurida (7%) and Stenoplax limaciformis (3%). The remainder of the species obtained were present with between 0.5 and 2% of the total sample. Eight species are distributed along the Tropical Eastern Pacific, and four species (I. muscarius, C. albolineatus, C. articulatus, and Lepidochitona acapulcoensis sp. nov.) are endemic to the Mexican subprovince, distributed from Mazatlán to Oaxaca. A morphological comparison of Guerrero chitons with those from several points along the Mexican Tropical Pacific and La Paz Baja California Sur, revealed important variations. Specimens of Chaetopleura lurida from Guerrero contrasts in the valve sculpturing density and arrangement when compared to those from Mazatlán and Oaxaca. Callistochiton elenensis from Guerrero exhibits fewer ribs on the head valve and postmucronal area of the tail valve than specimens from La Paz, Baja California Sur. Color pattern differences were identified for Mazatlán and Oaxaca specimens of I. muscarius, C. articulatus, and C. albolineatus. Details are presented for the valve tegmentum, girdle elements, and radula for each species. In addition, we herein describe Lepidochitona acapulcoensis sp. nov. as a new species using barcode (cox1) and morphological data.
A review of the gobiid fish genus Aulopareia (Gobiidae: Gobiinae) with description of a new species from Kuwait and discussion of the status of Gobius cyanomos Bleeker
Authors: LARSON HELEN K. , JAAFAR ZEEHAN
Published: June 2022

The tropical Indo-west Pacific gobiid fish genus Aulopareia Bleeker is reviewed, with all recognised species redescribed herein, apart from one uncertain species. Additionally, a new species from Kuwait is described (A. vadosa n. sp.). Of the 10 nominal species names usually assigned to this genus, only three appear to be valid Aulopareia (A. koumansi, A. ocellata and A. unicolor). From descriptions and illustrations, Acentrogobius microps Chu and Wu appears to be an Aulopareia but no material was available for study. The species that has been variously named as Acentrogobius cyanomos, Aulopareia cyanomos or Aulopareia spilopterus is redescribed. The status of two other species that may be related is also discussed: Gobius cyanoclavis Cantor and Gobius phaiomelas Bleeker. Aulopareia has been noted as being related to Parachaeturichthys.
Investigation of Microphysical Properties within Regions of Enhanced Dual-Frequency Ratio during the IMPACTS Field Campaign
Authors: Finlon Joseph A. , McMurdie Lynn A. , Chase Randy J.
Published: June 2022

Multifrequency airborne radars have become instrumental in evaluating the performance of satellite retrievals and furthering our understanding of ice microphysical properties. The dual-frequency ratio (DFR) is influenced by the size, density, and shape of ice particles, with higher values associated with the presence of larger ice particles that may have implications regarding snowfall at the surface. The Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign involves the coordination of remote sensing measurements above winter midlatitude cyclones from an ER-2 aircraft to document the fine-scale precipitation structure spanning four radar (X-, Ku-, Ka-, and W-band) frequencies and in situ microphysical measurements from a P-3 aircraft that provide additional insight into the particle size distribution (PSD) behavior and habits of the hydrometeors related to the DFR. A novel approach to identify regions of prominently higher Ku- and Ka-band DFR at the P-3 location for five coordinated flights is presented. The solid-phase mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) was 58% larger, the effective density (ρe) 37% smaller, and the liquid-equivalent normalized intercept parameter (Nw) 74% lower in regions of prominently higher DFR. Microphysical properties within a triple-frequency framework suggest signatures consistent with aggregation and riming as in previous studies. Last, a pretrained neural network radar retrieval is used to investigate the vertical structure of microphysical properties associated with the larger DFR signatures and provides the spatial context for inferring certain microphysical processes.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to better understand what radar measurements from multiple frequencies can tell us about the sizes, shapes, and concentrations of ice particles within winter snowstorms, and how these observations are related to banded precipitation structures since they can have implications for snowfall at the surface. Our results show that ice particles are on average larger and less dense when the reflectivity difference between two radars operating at different wavelengths is larger and supports the process by which crystals aggregate to form larger particles. These findings aim to improve how satellites and forecasting models represent precipitation in the cloud and at the surface.
Can Customized YouTube Videos Improve ABSITE Performance?
Authors: Hanson Nicole , Diaz Graal , Romero Javier , Steen Shawn
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic decreased in-person didactic sessions in our general surgery residency. We piloted a program to develop online tutorials posted to a YouTube channel designed to prepare our residents for the ABSITE examination.

Methods

Study participants were General Surgery residents in our five-year ACGME accredited general surgery residency program who took the ABSITE in-service exam between 2019 and 2021. We compared raw scores and overall programmatic percentile scores for three academic years (2018-2019, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021).

Results

From academic year 2018-2019 to 2019-2020, before introducing the YouTube teaching platform, average raw scores and percentile scores among our general surgery residents remained unchanged (raw scores 64 - 65% ( p = ns), percentile scores 39 to 37% ( p = ns)). However, raw ABSITE scores increased significantly after introducing the YouTube teaching platform. A one-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in raw ABSITE scores for AY 2020-2021 compared to the two prior years (F(2, 30) = [1.193], P < 0.01). Mean percentile ranking scores (program-wide) increased 15% from AY 2018-2019 to AY 2020-2021 (Figure1).

Conclusion

Teaching via an online platform such as YouTube allows residents to review material at their own pace and schedule. It is other our hypothesis is that the online YouTube material presented in the Ventura Surgery School channel contributed, in part, to this relative improvement compared to resident peers in other institutions. Teaching via an online platform could be a valuable tool to educate surgical learners in our ever-changing teaching environment.
Physics-based modeling and multi-objective parameter optimization of excitation coil for giant magnetostrictive actuator used on fuel injector
Authors: Rong Ce , He Zhongbo , Xue Guangming , Zhou Jingtao , Zhao Zhenglong
Published: June 2022

Serving as one of the core component, the excitation coil can exert remarkable influence on the output performance of giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA) for electronic controlled fuel injector. In this paper, a multi-objective coil optimization scheme is proposed to balance the conflicting response speed and magnetic field intensity determined by the coil parameters. Firstly, a physics-based coil model is established for optimization, whose parameters can be directly calculated by the coil dimensions. Then, with the current response of the coil calculated, a multi-objective optimization framework is conducted attempting to get the selection guideline for the enameled wire diameter of the coil. The optimal choices exist when the outer diameter of the enameled wire falls in 0.9∼1.6 mm, and the inner/outer diameter ratio is relatively high. Finally, a series of experiments are conducted and the results indicate that the proposed model is able to accurately describe the current response throughout the operating frequencies, and the optimization scheme can provide a valuable roadmap to design coil for high performance GMA.
Integrating Qualitative Inquiry and Critical Whiteness in Psychology Research Methods Courses
Authors: Jordan Lorien S.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

This paper merges two neglected components within the psychological sciences broadly and research methods courses specifically: Critical whiteness and qualitative methodologies.

Statement of the Problem

In psychology programs, regardless of discipline, research courses remain one area where issues of race and racism, such as critical whiteness, are deemphasized. Similarly, methods courses rarely integrate qualitative inquiry and critical theory.

Literature Review

First, I briefly review the relevant literature on the state of qualitative research in psychology. I then discuss critical whiteness, contextualizing the idea of whiteness, before moving into a review of the current research on whiteness in psychology.

Teaching Implications

I present three experiential learning activities that further students’ skill development in qualitative methods while learning about three specific aspects of whiteness. Practicing observations, photovoice, and qualitative coding, students can reflect on the pervasiveness of white culture, colorblind racism, and racial microaggressions.

Conclusion

The activities described in this article provide instructors one avenue to engage various aspects of whiteness and qualitative methods, phenomena routinely overlooked in graduate training.
A Retrospective Analysis of Therapists’ Coaching Behavior When Directing Parents to Conduct Behavioral Assessments and Treatments Via Telehealth
Authors: Larsen Alesia , Schieltz Kelly M. , Barrett Amanda , O’Brien Matthew J.
Published: June 2022

Research on the delivery of behavioral assessment and treatment via telehealth has focused largely on child outcomes and parent procedural fidelity. By contrast, the behavior of the therapists coaching parents to conduct assessment and treatment has garnered little research consideration. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of behavior therapists’ coaching behaviors when directing parents to conduct functional analysis (FA) and functional communication training (FCT) with their young children with autism via telehealth. Coaching behaviors for five experienced behavior therapists across seven parent-child dyads were scored using a combination of standardized and novel behavior codes. Therapists displayed more social engagement behaviors than any other type of behavior throughout the study, and rates of antecedent and consequence behaviors shifted across the FA and FCT phases. Results are discussed in relation to therapists’ goals during behavioral assessment and treatment and the implications for training behavioral therapists to coach parents via telehealth.
Thyroglossal duct cyst with hoarseness as the sole symptom and an intralaryngeal extension masquerading as a laryngeal mass: Clinical experience and literature review
Authors: Bao Yang-Yang , Ge Yan-ping , Zhang Xiong-Jian , Guo Yu , Dai Li-Bo , Zhou Shui-Hong , Lin Wei
Published: June 2022

A thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital disease in the neck. There are two age groups usually associated with thyroglossal duct cysts: 1–11 years in children and 30–60 years in adults. These midline neck masses are typically located anteriorly in the neck, inferior to the hyoid bone. We report an extremely rare case of an intralaryngeal thyroglossal duct cyst without a neck mass, presenting with hoarseness as the sole symptom. A 64-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of hoarseness. On physical examination, no neck mass or swelling was observed during cervical palpation. Laryngostroboscopy revealed a large submucosal mass in the right glottis and supraglottis, and mobility of the right vocal cord was restricted. Surgery was performed via an external approach to completely resect the cyst, together with the middle part of the hyoid bone. Histopathologic examination of the cyst led to a diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cyst. The patient recovered well and his voice returned to normal. Attention should be paid to the occurrence of rare types of thyroglossal duct cyst in unusual clinical sites. Adequate radiological examinations should be performed, and reading the computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans carefully before surgery is important to avoid misdiagnosis.