bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Awareness for Denture Wearers
Authors: J Gayathri. , Sathik Sameera Ashiqa
Published: September 2020

Proper nutrition is essential for the health of every individual. Thisincludes the denture wearers’ as well. Proper advice and knowledge must be given to the denture wearers by the dentist for maintaining the essential health of the individuals
Az idegenrendészeti- és a büntetőeljárások kapcsolódási pontjai, gyakorlati nehézségei
Authors: Bolla Veronika , Jáger Kristóf András
Published: September 2020

With the choice of topic for this paper the authors undertake to parallel the coercive measures of aliens policing procedure (i.e. the evaluation of migration-related violations) with the criminal procedure, thus enlightening their relations and most important interconnections. The authors of this paper are not criminal jurists but professionals of the enforcement authorities, so it is inspired by practical experiences as such. Based on that, several new standpoints are presented, like the recognition, that a closer co-operation of criminal- and aliens policing procedures are desirable because of their numerous interconnections: the parallel, iterative development of legislation and enforcement practice could significantly enhance the efficiency of the course of proceedings. It is the authors’ conviction, that the punishment against foreigners can only ensure its primary aim, the protection of the society, if it allows the earliest possible removal of foreigners from the area of Hungary. Within the given limits the interconnections of the two professional fields are presented, not touching for example upon the topics of the practice of escort, fulfilling the obligation of denunciation, the maturity of retrial, and the ensuring of international travel restrictions. Its important to note that whereas the two fields have different goals, the tools they utilize are similar, so the areas are entwined but still independent. The questions raised in this paper conclude that the continuous customization of law is a must and so the general principle, that the changes of law follow the actual changes of circumstances, is valid in this case too. Because of the instant changes of migration trends, our legal system is forced to give quicker reactions and must be able to respond by the separation of scopes of authority. Based on its practical approach, the most expected result of this paper is the encouragement of professional debate, which could consolidate the coordination of the regulation and operation in the analysed areas, in direction to a unified best practice and increasing legal security for both the foreigners and law enforcement authorities as a result.
Büntető eljárásjog a humanizmus szemléletrendszerében
Authors: Fantoly Zsanett
Published: September 2020

Tibor Király, a determinative personality in education and research of criminal procedural law for seven decades, celebrated his 100th birthday on 11. July 2020. This long and comprehensive life is not only unique because nobody else from Hungarian criminal lawyers has lived one century, but also because Professor Király has received, rightful, practically each form of professional recognitions. His work and professional attendance is multiple and diversified. He created a new school as legal scholar who helped for several generations to develop a way of thinking and a legal mentality based on humanism. A progressive thinking researcher, who has always been – beside appreciating traditions - more longsighted as his age. In his works – proceeding from scientific historical drafting – he adumbrated a picture of the future, a picture of a legal system ready for renewal. An academic, an organizer of science - who plays an important role also in forming of the community of scholars - showing the way not only for the future generation but also for fellow scholars in Hungary and abroad. A Hungarian legal scholar from the Hungarian uplands, who has done a lot in the frame of the „Bethlen Gábor Foundation” for preserving and enrichment of values of the Hungarians and simultaneously for a peaceful coexistence of the nations in Central-Europe. His life and work can be exemplary for all lawyers.
Final Frontiers
Authors: Mukherjee Upamanyu Pablo
Published: September 2020

This is the first book-length study of the relationship between science fiction, the techno-scientific policies of independent India, and the global non-aligned movement that emerged as a response to Cold War and decolonization. Today, science-fiction writers are often used as government advisors on techno-scientific and defence policies. Such relationships between literature, policy and geo-politics have a long and complex history. Glimpses of this history can be seen in the case of the first generation of post-colonial Indian science fiction writers and their critical entanglements with both techno-scientific policies and the strategy of international non-alignment pursued by India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. This investigation reveals the surprisingly long and relatively unknown life of Indian science fiction, as well as the genre’s capacity to imagine alternative pathways to techno-scientific and geo-political developments that dominate our lives today.
Supply-driven Translation: Compensating for Lack of Demand
Authors: Vimr Ondřej
Published: September 2020

This chapter challenges the dominant notion in descriptive translation studies that literary translation is effectively driven by demand from the target culture. Gideon Toury argues that a target culture translates to fill gaps exposed by a source culture which the target culture views as prestigious. While this notion may work historically for the purposes of comparative literature, literary historians and translation theory, and in the context of high-brow literature, this chapter considers it unsuited to other genres, less widely translated literatures or the contemporary book industry. Using mainly Scandinavian and Czech examples, and others found in this volume, the chapter elucidates the notion of supply-driven translation from smaller European literatures, aimed at fighting the norm of non-translation. The chapter concludes by providing a typology of supply-driven interventions, with some commentary on their apparent advantages and drawbacks that sheds light on the roles, motivations and contributions of different intermediaries in the translation process.
Does Size Matter? Questioning Methods for the Study of ‘Small’
Authors: Atkin Rhian
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines the theoretical frameworks within which we discuss the literatures of ‘small’ nations, arguing that there is a need for alternative modes of analysis that move away from a ‘one-size-fits-all’ model of the communications network and allow for a fuller revelation of the complexities of the processes by which translations do – or indeed do not – come to be published. The theoretical approach is based in sociological and cultural studies approaches to questions of gender, colonialism and power, querying how decolonial thinking may inform our understanding of the relationships between the de facto ‘centre’ of the English-speaking literary marketplace and enable us to hear the alternative voices and alternative ways of reading that are present in the so-called margins of Europe. The chapter presents as case studies a number of Portuguese texts, which are used to demonstrate the multiplicity of narratives present under the visible surface of the network: canonical male authors (José Saramago, Jorge de Sena, Luís de Sttau Monteiro) are placed alongside anti-canonical female authors such as the ‘Three Marias’ to reveal the gendered and colonialist dynamics of power and discrimination inherent in the publishing and translation industries, and in the theoretical frameworks available to scholars.
Molecular Gas Properties on Cloud Scales across the Local Star-forming Galaxy Population
Authors: Sun 孙 Jiayi 嘉懿 , Leroy Adam K. , Schinnerer Eva , Hughes Annie , Rosolowsky Erik , Querejeta Miguel , Schruba Andreas , Liu Daizhong , Saito Toshiki , Herrera Cinthya N. , Faesi Christopher , Usero Antonio , Pety Jérôme , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Ostriker Eve C. , Bigiel Frank , Blanc Guillermo A. , Bolatto Alberto D. , Boquien Médéric , Chevance Mélanie , Dale Daniel A. , Deger Sinan , Emsellem Eric , Glover Simon C. O. , Grasha Kathryn , Groves Brent , Henshaw Jonathan , Jimenez-Donaire Maria J. , Kim Jenny J. , Klessen Ralf S. , Kreckel Kathryn , Lee Janice C. , Meidt Sharon , Sandstrom Karin , Sardone Amy E. , Utomo Dyas , Williams Thomas G.
Published: September 2020

Using the PHANGS–ALMA CO(2–1) survey, we characterize molecular gas properties on ∼100 pc scales across 102,778 independent sightlines in 70 nearby galaxies. This yields the best synthetic view of molecular gas properties on cloud scales across the local star-forming galaxy population obtained to date. Consistent with previous studies, we observe a wide range of molecular gas surface densities (3.4 dex), velocity dispersions (1.7 dex), and turbulent pressures (6.5 dex) across the galaxies in our sample. Under simplifying assumptions about subresolution gas structure, the inferred virial parameters suggest that the kinetic energy of the molecular gas typically exceeds its self-gravitational binding energy at ∼100 pc scales by a modest factor (1.3 on average). We find that the cloud-scale surface density, velocity dispersion, and turbulent pressure (1) increase toward the inner parts of galaxies, (2) are exceptionally high in the centers of barred galaxies (where the gas also appears less gravitationally bound), and (3) are moderately higher in spiral arms than in inter-arm regions. The galaxy-wide averages of these gas properties also correlate with the integrated stellar mass, star formation rate, and offset from the star-forming main sequence of the host galaxies. These correlations persist even when we exclude regions with extraordinary gas properties in galaxy centers, which contribute significantly to the inter-galaxy variations. Our results provide key empirical constraints on the physical link between molecular cloud populations and their galactic environment.
Constraining the X-Ray–Infrared Spectral Index of Second-timescale Flares from SGR 1935+2154 with Palomar Gattini-IR
Authors: De Kishalay , Ashley Michael C. B. , Andreoni Igor , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Soria Roberto , Srinivasaragavan Gokul P. , Cai Ce , Delacroix Alexander , Greffe Tim , Hale David , Hankins Matthew J. , Li Chengkui , McKenna Daniel , Moore Anna M. , Ofek Eran O. , Smith Roger M. , Soon Jamie , Travouillon Tony , Zhang Shuangnan
Published: September 2020

The Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154 has been reported to produce the first example of a bright millisecond-duration radio burst (FRB 200428) similar to the cosmological population of fast radio bursts (FRBs). The detection of a coincident bright X-ray burst represents the first observed multiwavelength counterpart of an FRB. However, the search for similar emission at optical wavelengths has been hampered by the high inferred extinction on the line of sight. Here, we present results from the first search for second-timescale emission from the source at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths using the Palomar Gattini-IR observing system in the J band, enabled by a novel detector readout mode that allows short exposure times of ≈0.84 s with 99.9% observing efficiency. With a total observing time of ≈12 hr (≈47,728 images) during its 2020 outburst, we place median 3σ limits on the second-timescale NIR fluence of ≲18 Jy ms (13.1 AB mag). The corresponding extinction-corrected limit is ≲125 Jy ms for an estimated extinction of A

J
 = 2.0 mag. Our observations were sensitive enough to easily detect an NIR counterpart of FRB 200428 if the NIR emission falls on the same power law as observed across its radio to X-ray spectrum. We report nondetection limits from epochs of four simultaneous X-ray bursts detected by the Insight-HXMT and NuSTAR telescopes during our observations. These limits provide the most stringent constraints to date on fluence of flares at ∼1014 Hz, and constrain the fluence ratio of the NIR emission to coincident X-ray bursts to R
NIR ≲ 0.025 (fluence index ≳0.35).
High Molecular Gas Masses in Absorption-selected Galaxies at z ≈ 2
Authors: Kanekar N. , Prochaska J. X. , Neeleman M. , Christensen L. , Møller P. , Zwaan M. A. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Dessauges-Zavadsky M.
Published: September 2020

We have used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to carry out a search for CO (3−2) or (4−3) emission from the fields of 12 high-metallicity ([M/H] ≥ −0.72 dex) damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs) at z ≈ 1.7–2.6. We detected CO emission from galaxies in the fields of five DLAs (two of which have been reported earlier), obtaining high molecular gas masses,

. The impact parameters of the CO emitters to the QSO sight line lie in the range b ≈ 5.6–100 kpc, with the three new CO detections having

. The highest CO line luminosities and inferred molecular gas masses are associated with the highest-metallicity DLAs, with [M/H] ≳ −0.3 dex. The high inferred molecular gas masses may be explained by a combination of a stellar mass–metallicity relation and a high molecular gas-to-star mass ratio in high-redshift galaxies; the DLA galaxies identified by our CO searches have properties consistent with those of emission-selected samples. None of the DLA galaxies detected in CO emission were identified in earlier optical or near-IR searches and vice versa; DLA galaxies earlier identified in optical/near-IR searches were not detected in CO emission. The high ALMA CO and C[ii] 158 μm detection rate in high-z, high-metallicity DLA galaxies has revolutionized the field, allowing the identification of dusty, massive galaxies associated with high-z DLAs. The H i-absorption criterion identifying DLAs selects the entire high-z galaxy population, including dusty and UV-bright galaxies, in a wide range of environments.
Floristic composition and plant diversity in distribution areas of native species congeneric with Betula halophila in Xinjiang, northwest China
Authors: Huang Jihong , Guo Zhongjun , Tang Suying , Ren Wei , Chu Guangming , Wang Liping , Zhao Ling , Yu Ruoyun , Xu Yue , Ding Yi , Zang Runguo
Published: September 2020

Betula halophila, a wild plant with extremely small populations, is endemic to Xinjiang, northwest China. Its wild populations have declined severely in the field. Understanding the patterns of floristic composition where congeneric species of B. halophila are distributed and their determinants is a necessary step to restore the wild populations. Based on literature records, specimen information, shared public data and field survey data, the patterns of floristic composition, diversity and environmental conditions of seed flora within the distribution areas of five native species (i.e. B. tianschanica, B. microphylla, B. pendula, B. rotundifolia and B. humilis), congeneric with B. halophila, were examined. The results are as follows. (1) There were 3013 species, 693 genera and 108 families of seed plants in the distribution area of these congeneric species of B. halophila, which accounted for 86.16%, 94.54% and 93.91% of the total seed plants in Xinjiang, respectively. (2) The family composition of seed flora in the distribution area of these congeneric species of B. halophila was mainly cosmopolitan; the genus composition of seed flora was dominated by temperate, mainly of northern temperate and Mediterranean components. (3) There are no significant differences existing in plant richness amongst the areas where each of the five congeneric species (B. tianshchanica, B. microphylla, B. pendula, B. rotundifolia and B. humilis) are distributed. (4) The influence of climate factors on species richness is significant across the whole distribution areas of the Betula genus, while the main environmental factors determining species richness are different amongst distribution areas of different species. Climate factors impacted significantly on species richness in distribution areas of tree species, but not in distribution areas of shrub species. This study provides a preliminary guideline for the conservation of B. halophila, a wild plant with extremely small populations in the field.
Plus Jamais ça
Authors: Rideau Delphine
Published: September 2020

L’auteure présente une expérience professionnelle construite en équipe interdisciplinaire et en réseau d’acteurs de santé publique et de cohésion sociale. Elle pose dans un premier temps la question du pluriel des radicalisations violentes et du risque contreproductif de n’en traiter qu’une, dans un contexte de plus en plus fort de polarisation sociale. Ce contexte de polarisation de la société n’épargne pas les familles et communautés au sens large et peut lui-même produire des radicalisations. Il n’épargne pas non plus les professionnels et institutions, et plus largement l’ensemble des acteurs de la société. Pour tenter de répondre à cette problématique, l’auteure soumet un dispositif de co-intervention entre familles et professionnels au regard extérieur, et l’interroge en tant que dispositif de résilience collective.
Stratégies de civilité et individuation – émancipation
Authors: Boyer Myriam , Braconnier Patrice , Puaud David
Published: September 2020

En 2016, le Pôle de recherche de l’IRTS Poitou-Charentes a réalisé une Recherche-Action-Formation (RAF) « Radicalisation et vivre ensemble » pour la Fédération régionale des Maisons des jeunes et de la culture. Les attentats de 2015 ont été particulièrement déstabilisants pour les professionnels de l’animation socioculturels. Dans le cadre de cette RAF, il s’agissait d’élaborer ensemble une réflexion autour de cette toile de fond collective. Un débat s’est rapidement instauré avec des animateurs socioculturels sur la mission d’éducation populaire des MJC. La question de la radicalisation leur apparaissait comme une réduction de cette mission et des valeurs dont elle est porteuse. Pour cet exercice d’évaluation de leurs activités dans ce sens, un cadre d’analyse leur a été proposé : le processus d’individuation au sens de Carl Gustav Jung. Ainsi s’est posée la question de la prise de conscience individuelle et collective et du processus de transmission des valeurs de l’Éducation populaire.
Nutritional plasticity of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) in response to artificial diets varying in protein and carbohydrate concentrations
Authors: Barragan-Fonseca K.B. , Gort G. , Dicke M. , van Loon J.J.A.
Published: September 2020

Protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) concentrations present in food affect larval performance, larval body nutrient concentration, and fecundity of the black soldier fly (BSF). We substantially expanded the range of dietary P- and C-concentrations investigated thus far to assess the effects of nutritionally – unbalanced diets on BSF larval and adult life-history traits, and on larval body protein and lipid concentrations. Twenty five artificial diets varying in their P- and C-concentration and ratio were formulated. We tested five macronutrient (P+C) concentrations (5, 15, 25, 50 and 75%) and five P:C ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 2:1 and 4:1). BSF performance was affected by P+C-concentration rather than by P:C ratios. A P-concentration between 10 and 15% and a C-concentration between 10 and 60% supported high larval and adult performance. P-concentration is limiting for most of the performance variables, however, a P-concentration higher than 37% reduced larval survival. C-concentration affected egg production more strongly than P-concentration. Overall, at P+C values of 25 and 50%, and P:C ratios 1:2 and 1:4 resulted in the highest values of most of the larval and adult performance variables we measured. For the protein and carbohydrate sources tested, dietary macronutrient concentrations significantly affected larval and adult performance of BSF in different ways. These results show a remarkable degree of nutritional plasticity, and point to the relevance of differentiating the formulation of diets to achieve maximal larval yield, high body protein or high body lipid accumulation or high adult emergence and egg production.
As festas do milho krahô: cantando sementes e semeando cantos
Authors: Lima Ana Gabriela Morim de , Krahô Creuza Prumkwyj , Aldé Veronica
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa colaborativa entre pesquisadores indígenas e não indígenas, cantores e mestres rituais krahô, cujo principal objetivo foi o registro, a documentação e a qualificação de narrativas míticas e pessoais, cantos e performances associados aos rituais do milho. Para além de sua importância alimentar, a etnografia apresentada tematiza o ciclo de vida do milho: desde seu plantio, passando pelo crescimento e pelos resguardos seguidos pelos agricultores, até a colheita. Uma escuta atenta para as histórias e os cantos do milho nos revela uma estreita conexão entre os saberes mítico-rituais, as práticas de cultivo e as experiências sensoriais vivenciadas nas roças pelos agricultores krahô, que articulam uma série de relações e negociações entre os diversos seres humanos e não-humanos que coabitam no Cerrado.
“Aquela serra é o xapono deles”: sobre encontros, ontologias e equivocidades no Projeto Yaripo
Authors: Goulart Leon Terci
Published: September 2020

Este artigo explora como algumas categorias do discurso ambientalista podem ser acionadas pelos Yanomami de Maturacá (São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas) a partir de sua participação em um projeto de ecoturismo de base comunitária, uma vez que, além de representar uma nova fonte de renda, a proposta é vista por eles como um meio de combater o garimpo ilegal e de “proteger a natureza e a floresta”. O Projeto Yaripo consiste em uma proposta de visitação turística à Terra Indígena Yanomami e ao Parque Nacional do Pico da Neblina, que conta, para além do envolvimento indígena, com o apoio do Instituto Socioambiental, da Fundação Nacional do Índio, do Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade e do Exército Brasileiro. A hipótese central é que há neste cenário mais de uma forma de compreender os conceitos de “natureza”, “floresta” e “território”, isto é, os locais destinados à visitação turística, e que essas percepções díspares pautadas por pressupostos ontológicos distintos estão conectadas de algum modo. Pretende-se, assim, refletir como a noção de urihi, a floresta yanomami – um espaço cosmopolítico habitado por subjetividades não humanas –, aparece nesse arranjo, levando em conta as questões que me foram colocadas pelos Yanomami sobre algumas das implicações do trânsito por esses lugares – com ou sem a presença de visitantes –, bem como de seus desdobramentos na elaboração do projeto.
Uma antropologia que dança: algumas notas sobre paisagens de conceitos em Anna Tsing
Authors: Holliver Gabriel
Published: September 2020

O presente ensaio busca tecer alguns comentários acerca dos artigos presentes no livro Viver nas ruínas: paisagens multiespécies no Antropoceno (2019), de Anna Tsing. Ao oferecer um panorama dos principais conceitos e linhas de força que atravessam o pensamento da autora, por meio de um percurso entre fungos, relações multiespecíficas e plantations, discuto as principais contribuições de sua obra para a teoria antropológica bem como a importância dos conceitos de paisagem, assembleia e coordenação para as técnicas de descrição etnográfica no Antropoceno. Em paralelo, apresento algumas críticas de Tsing à reificação do excepcionalismo humano na antropologia e esboço possíveis diálogos entre suas reflexões e a teoria social contemporânea.
A “Travessia dos Dantes”: alguns relatos etnográficos sobre o cárcere através de um projeto de ensino-extensão universitária no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Rodrigues Eduardo
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo descreve, desde uma mirada antropológica, as experiências de alguns graduandos em “Direito” e “Segurança Pública e Social” em um projeto de extensão universitária intitulado “Vivências no Cárcere”. O projeto objetivou promover vivências e diálogos críticos orientados entre membros da comunidade universitária (e futuros operadores do sistema de justiça brasileiro) e membros da comunidade carcerária fluminense, através de visitas de campo realizadas nas prisões por parceria firmada entre a Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) e a Defensoria Pública Geral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (DPGE). Metodologicamente, o artigo toma o “Inferno” inscrito na “Divina Comédia” de Dante Alighieri enquanto “alegoria” que organiza as experiências do projeto descritas nos “relatórios de campo” dos discentes. Tais relatos, enquanto material usado na construção etnográfica do texto, versam não somente sobre alguns significados apreendidos pelos estudantes, como também os impactos que o projeto trouxe sobre suas visões de mundo. Como resultado, a aproximação entre a obra literária dantesca e os relatos sugeriu estabelecer paralelismos entre as travessias do Inferno e do cárcere, uma vez que a prisão, assim como o Inferno, apareceram enquanto espaços também simbólicos que habitaram simultaneamente os discentes pelo exercício de alteridade sugerido pelo projeto.
Encenando a diferença em palcos metropolitanos: as trajetórias de Sara Baartman e Franz Taibosh
Authors: Dias Juliana Braz , Belizze Geovanna
Published: September 2020

Este artigo examina os “espetáculos etnológicos” que exibiam pessoas de origem africana em palcos da Europa e dos Estados Unidos, com fins pseudoeducacionais ou para simples entretenimento. Privilegiando uma perspectiva comparativa, observamos as histórias de vida de Sara Baartman, nomeada “a Vênus Hotentote”, e Franz Taibosh, conhecido pelo nome artístico “Clicko, o bosquímano selvagem dançarino”. Suas trajetórias pessoais e suas performances nos palcos revelam processos estruturais de construção da alteridade que estão no coração dos projetos imperialistas. Argumentamos que essa noção de alteridade é composta por um conjunto amplo de marcadores sociais e hierarquias inter-relacionados.
La littérature de jeunesse en classe de langue
Authors: Maizonniaux Christèle
Published: September 2020

Les étudiants et enseignants en langues étrangères ont souvent le désir d’appuyer leurs démarches sur les albums, récits illustrés et autres ouvrages de la littérature de jeunesse contemporaine. Ils trouveront ici de multiples pistes pédagogiques pour le faire. Les chercheurs pourront également y puiser matière pour nourrir leur réflexion.L’approche est centrée sur l’écriture créative. Une telle démarche, modulable dans d’autres contextes éducatifs et pour diverses langues, permet de faire une place au lecteur et à ses aff ects et de construire des savoirs sur les plans linguistiques, littéraires et culturels. Le livre propose en outre une réfl exion sur les apports de l’image et du texte-image, ainsi que sur l’évaluation des écrits créatifs dans l’enseignement des langues.Cet ouvrage important, né d’une longue expérience de l’enseignement du français en Australie, offre des perspectives inestimables sur les aspects linguistiques, littéraires et culturels de l’enseignement des langues au niveau universitaire. Situé au croisement de la littérature de jeunesse et de la didactique des langues et des cultures, il puise ses principes et démarches pédagogiques dans l’enseignement du Français Langue Maternelle et permet ainsi aux enseignants de concevoir une approche communicative plus riche et plus nuancée que celle du CECRL pour l’enseignement de la littéracie en langue 2.Claire Kramsch, Professeur Émérite, University of California (Berkeley)
Future Blockchain Technology for Autonomous Applications/Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Show Arnab Kumar , Kumar Abhishek , Singhal Achintya , N. Gayathri , Vengatesan K.
Published: September 2020

The autonomous industry has rapidly grown for self-driving cars. The main purpose of autonomous industry is trying to give all types of security, privacy, secured traffic information to the self-driving cars. Blockchain is another newly established secured technology. The main aim of this technology is to provide more secured, convenient online transactions. By using this new technology, the autonomous industry can easily provide more suitable, safe, efficient transportation to the passengers and secured traffic information to the vehicles. This information can easily gather by the roadside units or by the passing vehicles. Also, the economical transactions can be possible more efficiently since blockchain technology allows peer-to-peer communications between nodes, and it also eliminates the need of the third party. This chapter proposes a concept of how the autonomous industry can provide more adequate, proper, and safe transportation with the help of blockchain. It also examines for the possibility that autonomous vehicles can become the future of transportation.
Issues and Challenges (Privacy, Security, and Trust) in Blockchain-Based Applications
Authors: Nair Siddharth M. , Ramesh Varsha , Tyagi Amit Kumar
Published: September 2020

The major issues and challenges in blockchain over internet of things are security, privacy, and usability. Confidentiality, authentication, and control are the challenges faced in security issue. Hence, this chapter will discuss the challenges and opportunities from the prospective of security and privacy of data in blockchain (with respect to security and privacy community point of view). Furthermore, the authors will provide some future trends that blockchain technology may adapt in the near future (in brief).
Emerging Technology Amendment Study in Smart Agro Farming to Diagnose the Agro Product Diseases
Authors: Mishra Nilamadhab
Published: September 2020

Environmental habitation and ecosystem management are some vital issues for agro-farming. Smart monitoring of the agricultural activities is the major issue in recent years due to a range of factors including diseases growing, environmental changes, product promotion and distributions, and the apparent onset of global warming. With the advancement of new computing technologies in agricultural sectors, the smart agro farming has evolved in order to diagnose the agro product diseases, measure the moisture in the soil, measure the soil and environment temperature, measure fertilizers and pesticides, web-based product promotion and distribution, and others. The major problem is to address is the lack of the most appropriate agriculture inputs to continue the smart production activities. These inputs include farm equipment, seeds, planting materials, and livestock. Soil identification and classification are also the major factors in order to select the production of a particular crop for a specific soil type.
Improve Job Satisfaction With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Jones Katherine
Published: September 2020

This chapter explains the process of using cognitive behavioral therapy to improve workplace satisfaction via the reframing of employees' internal perspectives regarding their work environment. The author details common points of dissatisfaction among employees in higher education and explains how these issues might be handled via the use of CBT techniques. Applied CBT interventions in workplace and higher education environments are discussed in order to provide suggestions of how these techniques can be used at the individual and institutional level. Finally, the direct results of CBT application are discussed, including general day-to-day satisfaction, improved work ethic, and a more comprehensive and obtainable approach to long-term career goals.
Creating Space for Care
Authors: Redmond Theresa A. , Luetkemeyer Jennifer , Davis Jewel , Hash Peaches , Adams Tempestt
Published: September 2020

This chapter describes how a community of practice explored arts-based research and expression to examine issues of inequity in education. Through visual journaling, the authors found growth within their scholarly practices and care towards their emotional selves at work. Using a hybrid of self-study methodology, arts-based research, and narrative inquiry, the authors examine the outcomes of their work, illuminating how visual journaling may be used to grow one's scholarly teaching. Ultimately, the authors found their process was generative, reflective, and one that serves to generate conversations about emotional workspaces in higher education. Further, this chapter provides practical guidance for readers seeking to develop communities of self-care through visual journaling in higher education.
Comprehensive Modelling of ANN
Authors: Patel Meghna Babubhai , Patel Jagruti N. , Bhilota Upasana M.
Published: September 2020

An artificial neural network (ANN) is an information processing modelling of the human brain inspired by the way biological nervous systems behave. There are about 100 billion neurons in the human brain. Each neuron has a connection point between 1,000 and 100,000. The key element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the information processing system. In the human brain, information is stored in such a way as to be distributed, and we can extract more than one piece of this information when necessary from our memory in parallel. We are not mistaken when we say that a human brain is made up of thousands of very powerful parallel processors. It is composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurons) working in union to solve specific problems. ANN, like people, learns by example. The chapter includes characteristics of artificial neural networks, structure of ANN, elements of artificial neural networks, pros and cons of ANN.
Meta-Heuristic Parameter Optimization for ANN and Real-Time Applications of ANN
Authors: Karegowda Asha Gowda , G. Devika
Published: September 2020

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are often more suitable for classification problems. Even then, training of ANN is a surviving challenge task for large and high dimensional natured search space problems. These hitches are more for applications that involves process of fine tuning of ANN control parameters: weights and bias. There is no single search and optimization method that suits the weights and bias of ANN for all the problems. The traditional heuristic approach fails because of their poorer convergence speed and chances of ending up with local optima. In this connection, the meta-heuristic algorithms prove to provide consistent solution for optimizing ANN training parameters. This chapter will provide critics on both heuristics and meta-heuristic existing literature for training neural networks algorithms, applicability, and reliability on parameter optimization. In addition, the real-time applications of ANN will be presented. Finally, future directions to be explored in the field of ANN are presented which will of potential interest for upcoming researchers.
Promoting Circularity Through Sustainable Leadership
Authors: Villet Hylton James
Published: September 2020

This chapter looks at leadership in the transition to, the adoption, the implementation, and ultimate success of the organisation in the sustainable economy. The chapter reflects on the differences between the linear and the circular economy and advances that the leadership requirements for the sustainable economy may be different from the leadership requirements of the linear economy. It further posits that effective leaders in this new economy may require different approaches to ensure a successful transition from the linear to the sustainable economy or when starting a new venture in the circular economy. From the vast and expansive field of leadership, the chapter explored the current leadership discourse and then zoomed in on transformational and eco-leadership. The chapter further looked at leadership and organisational culture with the view to unpack the role of leadership and organisational culture as a potential barrier to the transition to and adoption of a sustainable and circular business model.
Emerging EdTechs Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wood-Harper Trevor
Published: September 2020

The role of information technology (IT) transforming higher education (HE) institutions is flourishing. Students, lecturers, and faculty staff adopt overarching platforms and applications that are driven by ubiquitous technology such as big data and cloud computing to support their teaching and learning activities. In this chapter, the authors analysed cases of EdTechs (apps) used in the higher education institutions (HEIs) and their impact on teaching and learning processes. They draw the benefits, challenges, and appropriate cases pertaining to the apps used in HEIs in supporting such processes. They find that EdTechs have a high potential to provide better education for students, easier teaching process for lecturers, and clearer managerial process for administrators and faculty members. The chapter concludes that while EdTechs used during the pandemic can provide an alternative learning experience, it still lacks in providing optimal learning engagement.
Future Teaching and Learning Applications in the Smart Campus
Authors: Wood-Harper Trevor
Published: September 2020

As the population of cities rise, environmental concerns become a greater issue owing to the exponential increase in the use of natural resources. This raises further issues regarding the sustainability of environments wherein individuals perform different activities. ICT, for example, plays a key role in the sustainability of resources, which presents an obstacle for large areas of a city and its societal structure. University campuses and cities can easily be compared in terms of size and represent environments that are challenging to replicate in another ecosystem. The idea is conceived by transforming a conventional campus into a smart campus based on a smart city model, where the incorporation of technologies or innovative developments meets individual needs (e.g., teaching and learning) with power over resource use. This chapter explores prospective applications for teaching and learning in a scaled environment or university campus.
Challenges for Establishment of Institutional Repositories
Authors: Tapfuma Mass Masona , Hoskins Ruth G.
Published: September 2020

Concern has been raised over low research output from universities in Southern Africa and its poor visibility on the global sphere. However, public universities in Zimbabwe adopted open access (OA) institutional repositories (IR) to increase publication output, access, visibility, and reach to a wide audience. This chapter reports on a study that explored the challenges faced by academics and librarians in Zimbabwe's public universities in contributing to and managing the IRs. A mixed methods approach was adopted with eight participating universities where directors of research, library directors, faculty/IR librarians, and academics were purposely selected. The study identified several impediments to the success of the IRs and these include academics' fears and misconceptions regarding OA and IRs, libraries experienced difficulties convincing university managers about OA exacerbated by an absence of enabling conditions to promote IR development. The chapter recommends that OA education needs to be intensified OA/IR and the universities' policies should recognise publication in OA platforms and enforce deposit mandates.
Open Access Initiatives and its Implications on Research Transformations
Authors: Bashorun Musediq Tunji , Muhammed Jamiu Oladele , Abubakar Hajarat
Published: September 2020

The Open Access initiative enhances innovative forms of scholarly inquiry and aids the impactful communication by transforming the way research output is disseminated and published. Prime objective of OA initiative is to improve wide accessibility and promotes visibility of research outputs without geographical barriers. This chapter investigates open access initiatives and the principles behind OA. It identifies the characteristics of OA and types of OA publishing business models. Moreover, the chapter discusses the growth of OA in Africa and examines the current trend in OA journals. Also, the chapter identifies various roles played by stakeholders towards adoption and use of OA for research transformation. This chapter examines different benefits and challenges faced by organizations, libraries, publishers, and researchers towards OA adoption and use for the research advancement. Recommendations on how to improve research outputs' visibility using OA were highlighted. Conclusion and suggestion for further research are provided.
Integrative Functioning Between Consumerism and Consumer Behaviour: A Controversial Insight into Morals in Markets
Authors: Ubayachandra E.G. , Eldeniya Nirmani Chethana , Sanjanana Vishwa
Published: September 2020

Having associated the knowledge of the emancipatory concept, consumerism and consumer behavior in literature, the authors viewed to pen this synoptic concept paper in the hope of facilitating those who are interested in doing research studies on these two phenomena. The paper particularly stresses the business morality and consumer well – being to be adopted and enriched. In this respect, owing to lack of comprehensive literature on practicing aspect of consumerism, a rigorous search had to be made in respect of seeking for knowledge of this phenomenon with the aid of respective terminologies, dictionaries and other related documentary evidences from which knowledge of consumer behavior was also yielded. Accordingly, the authors endeavored to extract essential conceptual views alleged with regard to consumerism and consumer behavior and next in the light of those views, the ascertainment was justified. The key purpose of this work is to accommodate the readers to steer toward a controversy or discord in respect of current consumers’ dissonant behavioral patterns including probable myopic behaviors and the safeguard given via consumerism in the global context. Thus, it is the belief that this paper may provide a room for those who have intention for engaging in research studies on this particular field in future.
Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Depletion after Nonablative Oligofractionated Irradiation Boosts the Abscopal Effects in Murine Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Kohno Mikihiro , Murakami Junichi , Wu Licun , Chan Mei-Lin , Yun Zhihong , Cho B. C. John , de Perrot Marc
Published: September 2020

Increasing evidence indicates that local hypofractionated radiotherapy (LRT) can elicit both immunogenic and immunosuppressive local and systemic immune responses. We thus hypothesized that blockade of LRT-induced immunosuppressive responses could augment the antitumor effects and induce an abscopal response. In this study, we found that the upregulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the mesothelioma tumor microenvironment after nonablative oligofractionated irradiation significantly limited the success of irradiation. Using DEREG mice, which allow conditional and efficient depletion of Foxp3+ Tregs by diphtheria toxin injection, we observed that transient Foxp3+ Treg depletion immediately after nonablative oligofractionated irradiation provided synergistic local control and biased the T cell repertoire toward central and effector memory T cells, resulting in long-term cure. Furthermore, this combination therapy showed significant abscopal effect on the nonirradiated tumors in a concomitant model of mesothelioma through systemic activation of cytotoxic T cells and enhanced production of IFN-γ and granzyme B. Although local control was preserved with one fraction of nonablative irradiation, three fractions were required to generate the abscopal effect. PD-1 and CTLA-4 were upregulated on tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in irradiated and nonirradiated tumors, suggesting that immune checkpoint inhibitors could be beneficial after LRT and Foxp3+ Treg depletion. Our findings are applicable to the strategy of immuno-radiotherapy for generating optimal antitumor immune responses in the clinical setting. Targeting Tregs immediately after a short course of irradiation could have a major impact on the local response to irradiation and its abscopal effect.
A preliminary study on contact tracing & transmission chain in a cluster of 17 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Basti, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kant Rajni , Zaman Kamran , Shankar Prem , Yadav Rajaram
Published: September 2020

Background & objectives:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread rapidly, causing unprecedented case fatalities across the world. The first laboratory-confirmed case of COVID-19 and also the first death associated with the disease in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh (UP) was reported from Basti on March 31, 2020. The present study describes a cluster of 17 cases including one death of confirmed COVID-19 in Basti, UP, India.

Methods:

A 25 year old male from Basti, UP, India, who died of respiratory failure was diagnosed post-mortem as SARS-CoV-2 positive. Contact tracing carried out by the district administration found 16 cases positive among tested contacts. A detailed retrospective investigation in the form of one-to-one interview was carried out with 16 recovered individuals to understand the transmission dynamics and clinical characteristics.

Results:

The findings showed that the cluster transmission occurred at three levels: first was direct contact with the index case which resulted in two secondary cases. Second, at a household level where four of the seven susceptible contacts got infected, and the third was an event (funeral) where 50 individuals participated and this resulted in seven SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals in whom infection could be directly linked to a funeral gathering. The index case had associated comorbidities and succumbed to death. Most of the cases were asymptomatic except two individuals, who developed mild symptoms. The mean duration of quarantine facility was 21.6±7.3 days, and the average time taken for the first negative test after testing positive to COVID-19 was 12±4.1 days.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The funeral acted as a super-spreader event for the transmission of infection among family members, relatives and others. Active contact tracing and confirmation of infection among the contacts led to the isolation of 16 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases and hence the limited spread of the disease. Asymptomatic carriers and super-spreader events are among the major challenges in the control and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Early testing, quarantine and social distancing may play key role in breaking the chain of transmission.
Cephalometric evaluation of soft palate changes after maxillary advancement in lip and palate cleft patients
Authors: Qaranizade Kamal , Jafari Alireza , Farahmand Mona , Aghdam Hamidreza Mahaseni , Shooshtari Leila Talebzade
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Changes in the soft palate and velopharyngeal function are among the most important concerns for maxillofacial surgeons in patients with midface deficiency, especially in those with cleft palate who needed maxillary advancement. In this study, we evaluated cephalometric changes in soft palate after maxillary advancement.

Materials and Methods:

This study included 16 cleft patients (7 females and 9 males), with a mean age of 22 ± 3.47. The maxillary advancement alone was done in 10 patients and bimaxillary osteotomy in the other six patients. Cephalometric characteristics were assessed before and 6 months after the surgery, and the results were analyzed using paired t-test or Wilcoxon test.

Results:

The results showed a 6% increase (P < 0.05) for PNS-U (soft palate length) index. In addition, PTM-UPW (upper pharyngeal space) and U-MPW (middle pharyngeal space) increased by 5% (P < 0.05) and 5% (P < 0.08), respectively, after the surgery. V-LPW (lower pharyngeal space) also increased by 0.6% but was not statically significant.

Conclusions:

According to the results of this study, after surgical maxillary advancement, changes were observed in upper and middle pharyngeal spaces, soft palate length, and inclination, but lower pharyngeal space remained unchanged.