bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphobiometry of the scleral ossicle rings in Chelonia mydas sea turtles
Authors: Boyda‐Andrade Stelamares , Silva Danielle Nascimento , Raposo Ana Cláudia , Estrela‐Lima Alessandra , Oriá Arianne. P
Published: March 2023

Objective

Scleral ossicle rings of reptiles have endoskeletal functions that are not completely understood. Moreover, descriptive reports on the anatomy of those rings are scarce. We tried to make an anatomical description that could contribute to a better understanding of their functions.

Animal Studied and Procedures

We quantified, histologically characterized and evaluated the morphobiometry of the scleral ossicles, and measured the aditus orbitae of 25 sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) heads.

Results

The aditus orbitae represented about one‐third of the total head length and the mean area of the internal opening of each ring was up to 8.37% of the aditus orbitae area. The mean internal diameter of the rings (6.32 mm) was characteristic of scotopic species and the most frequent number of ossicles per ring varied between 11 and 12. Two new classifications were proposed for the ossicle types: plus‐Verzahnung (+V) and minus‐Verzahnung (‐V). The bone tissue revealed a lamellar arrangement typical of compact and resistant bones.

Conclusion

The obtained data may be used to support and expand the understanding of functions, animal activity patterns, distinctions between taxa and taphonomic interpretations.
Unlicensed assistive personnel’s care for persons with or at risk of delirium: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mailhot Tanya , Maheu-Cadotte Marc-André , Bourbonnais Anne , Yevchak Sillner Andrea , Charchalis Mélanie , Rodriguez Dora , Lavoie Patrick
Published: March 2023

Objective:

The objective of this review is to describe the nature and extent of the literature regarding unlicensed assistive personnel’s involvement in delivering care to persons with or at risk of delirium.

Introduction:

Initiatives that promote the involvement of unlicensed assistive personnel in providing additional supervision and care to persons with or at risk of delirium have been developed. Since no standardized approach guides unlicensed assistive personnel’s involvement with persons with or at risk of delirium, and since inconsistent training and expectations may pose a threat to the safety and quality of care, it is essential to clarify their role with persons with or at risk of delirium.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider articles published in peer-reviewed journals, dissertations, theses, book chapters, and conference papers in French or English. Quantitative, qualitative, or mixed method studies that report on the development, implementation, or evaluation of the role of unlicensed assistive personnel in contexts of delirium will be included. We will consider editorials and opinion papers only if they report on the development, implementation, or evaluation of the role of unlicensed assistive personnel.

Methods:

Records will be identified via CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, Embase, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers will select studies and extract data using a piloted form. Data will be synthesized narratively, using descriptive statistics and a tabular format. A consultation phase will include approximately 24 unlicensed assistive personnel and registered nurses who will be invited to comment on the review findings.
Impact of educational and psychological interventions compared with standard care in college/university students with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kantor Jiří , Li Jiaoli , Du Jian , Svobodová Zuzana , Klugar Miloslav , Salehi-Pourmehr Hanieh , Hampton David , Smolíková Monika , Kantorová Lucia , Marečková Jana , Zmeškalová Daniela , Munn Zachary
Published: March 2023

Objective:

This review will explore the impact of educational and psychological interventions on educational, social, behavioral, and mental health outcomes in students with autism spectrum disorder in tertiary education.

Introduction:

This systematic review will inform a new guideline on support for students with autism spectrum disorder in the tertiary education environment. These students face multiple educational, behavioral, social, and health-related problems that require effective interventions.

Inclusion Criteria:

Participants are students with autism spectrum disorder in a tertiary education study program. Educational and psychological interventions will be included, such as accommodations, meta-cognitive and self-regulation training, psychological counseling, social skills training, and peer-mentoring/academic coaching. The comparator will be standard care. The study outcomes will include academic drop-out rates and evaluations, learning skills, social skills and social engagement, behavior, mental health (including anxiety, stress, and depression), and employment after graduation. This review will consider quantitative studies only.

Methods:

A 3-step search strategy will be used to find both published and unpublished studies in MEDLINE, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Open Dissertations, ERIC, WHO ICRTP, and Google Scholar. There will be no date or language limitations. All stages of article screening, critical appraisal, and data extraction will be conducted by 2 independent reviewers with the resolution of any disagreements done via consensus or through a senior reviewer. If possible, the included studies will be pooled using meta-analysis. The degree of certainty of the evidence will be assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42022323554
Define the Lyapunov Exponents forψ-Fractional Differential System
Authors: N'Gbo N'Gbo , Tang Jianhua
Published: March 2023

In this article, we focus on the relations between the asymptotics of solutions and the sensitivity to initial values of fractional differential systems. To investigate this problem, we consider the ψ-fractional calculus, which is considered to be a generalization of those of Riemann–Liouville and Hadamard. For this purpose, we define Lyapunov exponents for ψ-fractional differential systems and estimate their upper bounds. Examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of our results.
Semi-Implicit Integration and Data-Driven Model Order Reduction in Structural Dynamics With Hysteresis
Authors: Goswami Bidhayak , Chatterjee Anindya
Published: March 2023

Structural damping is often empirically rate-independent wherein the dissipative part of the stress depends on the history of deformation but not its rate of change. Hysteresis models are popular for rate-independent dissipation; and a popular hysteresis model is the Bouc-Wen model. If such hysteretic dissipation is incorporated in a refined finite element model, then the model involves the usual structural dynamics equations along with nonlinear nonsmooth ordinary differential equations for a large number of internal hysteretic states at Gauss points used within the virtual work calculation. For such systems, numerical integration is difficult due to both the distributed nonanalytic nonlinearity of hysteresis as well as large natural frequencies in the finite element model. Here, we offer two contributions. First, we present a simple semi-implicit integration approach where the structural part is handled implicitly based on the work of Piché, while the hysteretic part is handled explicitly. A cantilever beam example is solved in detail using high mesh refinement. Convergence is good for lower damping and a smoother hysteresis loop. For a less smooth hysteresis loop and/or higher damping, convergence is noted to be roughly linear on average. Encouragingly, the time-step needed for stability is much larger than the time period of the highest natural frequency of the structural model. Subsequently, data from several simulations conducted using the above semi-implicit method are used to construct reduced order models of the system, where the structural dynamics is projected onto a few modes and the number of hysteretic states is reduced significantly as well. Convergence studies of error against the number of retained hysteretic states show very good results.
A solution-based approach to reducing adult sanitary & PPE waste from rest homes in Aotearoa
Authors: Arnott Gabby
Published: March 2023

Aim: This research project aims to explore solutions for minimising landfill contributions from incontinence and personal  protective equipment (PPE) waste produced by rest home facilities (both care/support units and retirement villages) in Aotearoa.Research Question: What evidence-based solutions to decrease sanitary and PPE waste exist and can these be applied to rest homes in Aotearoa?

Method: A narrative literature review was conducted surrounding PPE and sanitary waste minimisation, alongside interviews with industry representatives and waste experts, to ascertain the practicalities of such solutions in Aotearoa. A waste hierarchy for sanitary waste was created; highly recommended solutions were place at the top and least recommended at the bottom based on factors such as accessibility, environmental impact, and patient wellbeing.

Results: The order of these solutions was (from top to bottom): pelvic floor muscle exercises, reusing, recycling, organic  ecomposition, landfilling, and incineration. Fewer opportunities were available for waste minimisation of PPE; current alternatives to landfilling include companies such as Future Post (an organisation recycling face masks into functional fence posts).  Developing technologies such as the disinfecting and recycling of PPE through Auckland University are emerging, although theyare not currently accessible for public contributions.

Conclusion: For both sanitary and PPE waste, the requirement of such products should be minimised where possible (such as  through awareness of hand hygiene (PPE) and pelvic floor muscle strength (sanitary waste)). If necessary, reusable rather than single-use products should be applied.

Supervised by Ray O'Brien, Head of Sustainability, Sustainability Office, University of Otago and Arveen Horsefield, Arvida.Scholarship funded by: Arvida, Metlife Care, BUPA, Summerset, and Oceania Healthcare
Green Hydrogen in New Zealand Online News
Authors: Greaves Caelum
Published: March 2023

Due to its position as an emerging technology, one which remains largely in the innovation stage, green hydrogen’s scope in the Public view is largely unknown. With New Zealand investing heavily in the development of green hydrogen, the importance of public perception is only going to grow over the coming years. Using articles from New Zealand’s various online news sources, this talk uses a sociolinguistic framework to investigate the way green hydrogen is represented in New Zealand online media. By analyzing online articles through a combination of media analysis and critical discourse analysis, we can begin to understand the way green hydrogen is being framed within the discursive environment of New Zealand.

New technologies do not enter the public eye as isolated instances of innovation and are instead tied into a complex network of  larger discourses, political, economic, historical, scientific, and emotional. Critical discourse analysis allows us to consider how  these various contexts relate to both the creation and consumption of media surrounding green hydrogen. Using various  linguistic frameworks, such as positioning theory, and capital D discourse theory, articles can be deconstructed and related to the various larger narratives which surround green hydrogen, such as sustainability, economic stability, and energy independence.

Supervised by: Abbi Virens, Centre for Sustainability, Univerisity of Otago
Automated extraction of baleen whale calls based on the pseudo-Wigner–Ville distribution
Authors: Pu Wangyi , Liu Songzuo , Qing Xin , Qiao Gang , Mazhar Suleman , Ma Tianlong
Published: March 2023

Baleen whales produce a wide variety of frequency-modulated calls. Extraction of the time–frequency (TF) structures of these calls forms the basis for many applications, including abundance estimation and species recognition. Typical methods to extract the contours of whale calls from a spectrogram are based on the short-time Fourier transform and are, thus, restricted by a fixed TF resolution. Considering the low-frequency nature of baleen whale calls, this work represents the contours using a pseudo-Wigner–Ville distribution for a higher TF resolution at the cost of introducing cross terms. An adaptive threshold is proposed followed by a modified Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density filter to extract the contours. Finally, the artificial contours, which are caused by the cross terms, can be removed in post-processing. Simulations were conducted to explore how the signal-to-noise ratio influences the performance of the proposed method. Then, in experiments based on real data, the contours of the calls of three kinds of baleen whales were extracted in a highly accurate manner (with mean deviations of 5.4 and 0.051 Hz from the ground-truth contours at sampling rates of 4000 and 100 Hz, respectively) with a recall of 75% and a precision of 78.5%.
Combinations of Daptomycin plus Ceftriaxone, but Not Ascending Daptomycin Dose-Regimens, Are Effective in Experimental Endocarditis Caused by Streptococcus mitis
-oralis
Strains: Target Tissue Clearances and Prevention of Emergence of Daptomycin-Resistance
Authors: Mishra Nagendra N. , Abdelhady Wessam , Elsayed Ahmed M. , Lapitan Christian , Proctor Richard A. , Rybak Michael J. , Miro Jose M. , Bayer Arnold S.
Published: March 2023

The
Streptococcus mitis
-oralis
subgroup of the viridans group streptococci (VGS) are the most common cause of infective endocarditis (IE) in many parts of the world. These organisms are frequently resistant
in vitro
to standard β-lactams (e.g., penicillin; ceftriaxone [CRO]), and have the notable capacity for rapidly developing high-level and durable daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) during exposures
in vitro
,
ex vivo
, and
in vivo
.
Antimicrobial Activity of Gepotidacin Tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus Isolates Causing Urinary Tract Infections in Medical Centers Worldwide (2019 to 2020)
Authors: Arends S. J. Ryan , Butler Deborah , Scangarella-Oman Nicole , Castanheira Mariana , Mendes Rodrigo E.
Published: March 2023

The
in vitro
activities of gepotidacin and comparator agents against 3,560
Escherichia coli
and 344
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
collected from female (81.1%) and male (18.9%) patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a global prospective surveillance program in 2019 to 2020 were determined. Isolates collected from 92 medical centers in 25 countries, including the United States, Europe, Latin America, and Japan, were tested for susceptibility by reference methods in a central monitoring laboratory.
The Chlamydia trachomatis IncM Protein Interferes with Host Cell Cytokinesis, Centrosome Positioning, and Golgi Distribution and Contributes to the Stability of the Pathogen-Containing Vacuole
Authors: Luís Maria Pequito , Pereira Inês Serrano , Bugalhão Joana N. , Simões Catarina N. , Mota Cristiano , Romão Maria João , Mota Luís Jaime
Published: March 2023

Chlamydia trachomatis
is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes ocular and urogenital infections in humans. The ability of
C. trachomatis
to grow intracellularly in a pathogen-containing vacuole (known as an inclusion) depends on chlamydial effector proteins transported into the host cell by a type III secretion system.
The Use of the Antigenically Variable Major Surface Protein 2 in the Establishment of Superinfection during Natural Tick Transmission of Anaplasma marginale in Southern Ghana
Authors: Koku Roberta , Futse James E. , Morrison Jillian , Brayton Kelly A. , Palmer Guy H. , Noh Susan M.
Published: March 2023

Many vector-borne pathogens, including
Anaplasma
spp.,
Borrelia
spp.,
Trypanosoma
spp., and
Plasmodium
spp., establish persistent infection in the mammalian host by using antigenic variation. These pathogens are also able to establish strain superinfection, defined as infection of an infected host with additional strains of the same pathogen despite an adaptive immune response. The ability to establish superinfection results in a population of susceptible hosts even with high pathogen prevalence.
Multicenter Clinical Evaluation of ETEST Eravacycline for Susceptibility Testing of
Enterobacteriaceae
and Enterococci
Authors: Blanchard Laurine S. , Armstrong Thomas P. , Kresken Michael , Emery Christopher L. , Ying Yun X. , Sauvonnet Véronique , Zambardi Gilles
Published: March 2023

Eravacycline (ERV) (brand name Xerava [Tetraphase]) is a new tetracycline-class antibacterial that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs).
Pseudorabies Virus Infection Activates the TLR-NF-κB Axis and AIM2 Inflammasome To Enhance Inflammatory Responses in Mice
Authors: Zhou Qiongqiong , Zhang Longfeng , Lin Qihong , Liu Hongyang , Ye Guangqiang , Liu Xiaohong , Jiao Shuang , Li Jiangnan , Tang Yandong , Shi Deshi , Huang Li , Weng Changjiang
Published: March 2023

PRV can infect several mammals, including pigs, other livestock, rodents, and wild animals, causing huge economic losses. As an emerging and reemerging infectious disease, the emergence of PRV virulent isolates and increasing human PRV infection cases indicate that PRV is still a high risk to public health.
SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 Protein Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-like Responses and Facilitates Virus Replication by Triggering Calnexin: an Unbiased Study
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Wang Wenqi , Wang Tiecheng , Wang Jianzhong , Jiang Yuhang , Wang Xue , Qiu Ze , Feng Na , Sun Weiyang , Li Chang , Yang Songtao , Xia Xianzhu , He Hongbin , Gao Yuwei
Published: March 2023

Although SARS-CoV-2 is basically regarded as a homolog of SARS-CoV, with their genomic structure and the majority of their genes being highly homologous, the ORF8 genes of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are distinct. The SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein also shows little homology with other viral or host proteins and is thus regarded as a novel special virulence gene of SARS-CoV-2.
Enterovirus D-68 Infection of Primary Rat Cortical Neurons: Entry, Replication, and Functional Consequences
Authors: Poelaert Katrien C. K. , van Kleef Regina G. D. M. , Liu Mengying , van Vliet Arno , Lyoo Heyrhyoung , Gerber Lora-Sophie , Narimatsu Yoshiki , Büll Christian , Clausen Henrik , de Vries Erik , Westerink Remco H. S. , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M.
Published: March 2023

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a serious neurological illness characterized by muscle weakness and paralysis in children. Since 2014, outbreaks of AFM have emerged worldwide, and they appear to be caused by nonpolio enteroviruses, particularly enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68), an unusual enterovirus that is known to mainly cause respiratory disease.
Genome Sequence of Gordonia terrae Phage APunk
Authors: Anderman Emma , Dini Theo , Eldbah Kenzi , Frino Tara , Milavec Julia , Sayed Adam , Profrock Victoria , Virtue Rachel , Qyshkollari Theodhora , Harrison Melinda
Published: March 2023

Gordonia
phage APunk was isolated from soil collected in Grand Rapids (MI, USA) using
Gordonia terrae
3612. The genome of APunk is 59,154 bp long, has a 67.7% GC content, and contains 32 protein-coding genes. Based on its gene content similarity to actinobacteriophages, APunk is assigned to phage cluster DE4.
Stringent Response-Mediated Control of GTP Homeostasis Is Required for Long-Term Viability of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Carrilero Laura , Urwin Lucy , Ward Ezra , Choudhury Naznin R. , Monk Ian R. , Turner Claire E. , Stinear Timothy P. , Corrigan Rebecca M.
Published: March 2023

Staphylococcus aureus
is a human pathogen that upon invasion of a host encounters stresses, such as nutritional restriction. The bacteria respond by switching on a signaling cascade controlled by the nucleotides (p)ppGpp.
Decision Tree Ensembles Utilizing Multivariate Splits Are Effective at Investigating Beta Diversity in Medically Relevant 16S Amplicon Sequencing Data
Authors: Rudar Josip , Golding G. Brian , Kremer Stefan C. , Hajibabaei Mehrdad
Published: March 2023

There is an ever-increasing level of interest in accurately modeling and understanding the roles that commensal organisms play in human health and disease. We show that learned representations can be used to create informative ordinations.
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis on the Balkan Peninsula: Determination of Drug Resistance Mechanisms with Xpert MTB/XDR and Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Truden Sara , Sodja Eva , Žolnir-Dovč Manca
Published: March 2023

The Xpert MTB/XDR was tested on drug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex isolates from the Balkan Peninsula. Positive Bactec MGIT 960 cultures or DNA isolates were tested as starting material.
Molecular Epidemiology of Bovine Enteroviruses and Genome Characterization of Two Novel Bovine Enterovirus Strains in Guangxi, China
Authors: Luo Yuhang , Liu Huanghao , Zou Yanlin , Qiao Chengpeng , Su Yaquan , Zhu Xinyue , Zhang Guangxin , Huang Wenfei , Qin Yifeng , Pan Yan , Huang Weijian
Published: March 2023

Bovine enterovirus (BEV) is a pathogen that causes intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive disease infections in cattle. This study reports on the widespread prevalence and biological characteristics of the different BEV types which currently exist in Guangxi Province, China. It also provides a reference for the study of the prevalence of BEV in China.
Proteomic Study of the Interactions between Phages and the Bacterial Host
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Bleriot Inés , Blasco Lucia , Pacios Olga , Fernández-García Laura , López María , Ortiz-Cartagena Concha , Barrio-Pujante Antonio , Fernández-Cuenca Felipe , Pascual Álvaro , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Oteo-Iglesias Jesús , Tomás María
Published: March 2023

Researchers, including microbiologists and infectious disease specialists, require more knowledge about the interactions between phages and their bacterial hosts and about their defense mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms of viral and bacterial defense in phages infecting clinical isolates of
K. pneumoniae
.
Rapid Prediction of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae through Deep Learning Analysis of SERS Spectra
Authors: Lyu Jing-Wen , Zhang Xue Di , Tang Jia-Wei , Zhao Yun-Hu , Liu Su-Ling , Zhao Yue , Zhang Ni , Wang Dan , Ye Long , Chen Xiao-Li , Wang Liang , Gu Bing
Published: March 2023

This study focuses on the simultaneous discrimination and prediction ofKlebsiella pneumoniaestrains with carbapenem-sensitive, carbapenem-resistant, and polymyxin-resistant phenotypes. The implementation of CNN plus an attention mechanism makes the highest prediction accuracy at 99.46%, which confirms the diagnostic potential of the combination of SERS spectroscopy with the deep learning algorithm for antibacterial susceptibility testing in clinical settings.
Orbital and sub-orbital pacing of mudstones in the Dongying Depression, eastern China: Implications for middle Eocene East Asian climate evolution
Authors: Kong Xiangxin , Jiang Zaixing , Cai Yuan
Published: March 2023

The middle Eocene was a key phase in East Asian and global climate evolution; however, the understanding of the astronomical driving mechanisms of key climate changes during this phase in eastern China is lacking. A 390-m-thick, continuous lacustrine mudstone succession in the Dongying Depression (eastern China) provides an ideal middle Eocene sedimentary record. This study established an astronomical time scale (ca. 38.97−43.55 Ma) for the Dongying mudstones by double tuning of gamma-ray logs and calcite series. Based on the tuned pollen, geochemical element and nitrogen isotope data, paleo-humidity and paleo-salinity evolution profiles were constructed, showing that Dongying mudstones experienced a phased decrease in salinity and an increase in humidity. The rapid wetting accompanied by abnormal high salinity during ca. 40.0−40.6 Ma indicates that Dongying mudstones responded to the middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) event. Multi-parameter analysis showed that the rhythmic changes of Dongying mudstones at different scales were driven by multi-scaled astronomical cycles. This study focused on the intensity changes of recorded obliquity and semi-precession signals. The signals of semi-precession weakened in the dry pre-MECO period, while those of obliquity weakened in the wetter MECO period. Considering the limitation of latitude on the influence of the two cycles on the surface sunshine, we speculate that the signals of obliquity and semi-precession may reflect the intensities of high-latitude dry airflow and low-latitude wet airflow, respectively, liking to the current East Asian monsoon (EAM) system. This study expends understanding of the role of astronomical forcing on the onset and strengthening of the EAM.
Two stages of porphyry Cu mineralization at Jiru in the Tibetan collisional orogen: Insights from zircon, apatite, and magmatic sulfides
Authors: Sun Xiang , Deng Jun , Lu Yongjun , Si Xiaobo , Hollings Pete , Santosh M. , Li Qiang , Zheng Xu
Published: March 2023

Continental collision−related porphyry copper (Cu) deposits provide significant global copper resources, but their genesis remains controversial because it is not clear whether remelting of remnant arc-derived lower-crustal Cu-rich cumulates is critical to their formation. We investigated zircon and apatite compositions of the Jiru porphyry Cu deposit in the Gangdese belt of southern Tibet, which is characterized by weaker early Eocene mineralization and more pronounced Miocene mineralization. Our data demonstrate that apatite hosted in zircon can record the volatile compositions of magma before fluid exsolution. Zircon-hosted apatites from the early Eocene granite that have low XF/XCl ratios (≤3) and are interpreted to have crystallized from volatile-undersaturated magma have Cl contents of 0.96−2.14 wt% (1.86 ± 0.38 wt%; n = 15) and SO3 contents of 0.01−0.14 wt% (0.08 ± 0.04 wt%; n = 15). In contrast, zircon-hosted apatites from the Miocene porphyry that have low XF/XCl ratios (≤10) and are interpreted to have crystallized from volatile-undersaturated magma have Cl contents of 0.40−0.56 wt% (0.47 ± 0.06 wt%; n = 11) and SO3 contents of 0.20−0.92 wt% (0.59 ± 0.29 wt%; n = 11). In addition, the early Eocene magma was relatively reduced (ΔFMQ = 0.86 ± 0.55, where FMQ is fayalite-magnetite-quartz) compared with the oxidized Miocene magma (ΔFMQ = 2.04 ± 0.43). The contrasting magmatic oxidation states and apatite/melt S contents were likely critical in controlling the different scales of Cu mineralization during the early Eocene and Miocene, as more highly oxidized magma can dissolve much larger amounts of sulfur and metals (e.g., Cu). Melt Cl content may not play a critical role in magma fertility, since the Jiru early Eocene granite had higher melt Cl contents than the Miocene porphyry. Magmatic sulfides (pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite) were not recognized in the Miocene zircons but did occur in the early Eocene zircons, and these sulfides were demonstrated to have crystallized before fluid exsolution in the shallow magma reservoir. The Jiru early Eocene magmatic sulfide saturation might not have enhanced the amount of copper available to hydrothermal fluids during the early Eocene. Late-stage sulfide saturation in the previous arc magmas might reduce the potential for collision-related porphyry Cu mineralization that is associated with remelting of the previous arc lower crust.
On stable type IIA de-Sitter vacua with geometric flux
Authors: Shukla Pramod
Published: March 2023

We present a class of tachyon-free (stable) AdS as well as dS solutions in the context of type IIA orientifold compactifications. This model is based on a type IIA setting having geometric flux which, in addition, also includes the usual NS–NS three-form flux $$\textrm{H}_3$$

H
3

and the RR p-form fluxes $$\textrm{F}_p$$

F
p

for $$p \in \{0, 2, 4, 6\}$$

p
∈
{
0
,
2
,
4
,
6
}

. Although all the saxionic moduli are stabilized, there remains a combination of the RR axions which is flat, and the dS solution is realized through the D-term effects induced by the geometric fluxes, without which one can only have AdS solutions. Using flux scaling arguments we also discuss how to engineer a parametric control in these models, in the sense of realizing the respective AdS/dS solutions in large volume, weak string-coupling as well as large complex-structure regime. We also discuss open possibilities (e.g. about the unknown status on having the complete set of Bianchi identities) under which such tachyon-free dS solutions may or may not be viable.
Toward learning Lattice Boltzmann collision operators
Authors: Corbetta Alessandro , Gabbana Alessandro , Gyrya Vitaliy , Livescu Daniel , Prins Joost , Toschi Federico
Published: March 2023

In this work, we explore the possibility of learning from data collision operators for the Lattice Boltzmann Method using a deep learning approach. We compare a hierarchy of designs of the neural network (NN) collision operator and evaluate the performance of the resulting LBM method in reproducing time dynamics of several canonical flows. In the current study, as a first attempt to address the learning problem, the data were generated by a single relaxation time BGK operator. We demonstrate that vanilla NN architecture has very limited accuracy. On the other hand, by embedding physical properties, such as conservation laws and symmetries, it is possible to dramatically increase the accuracy by several orders of magnitude and correctly reproduce the short and long time dynamics of standard fluid flows.

Graphic abstract
The neutron facility at NCSR ‘Demokritos’ and neutron activation research activities of NTUA
Authors: Vlastou R.
Published: March 2023

At the 5.5 MV Tandem T11/25 Accelerator Laboratory of NCSR “Demokritos” quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams can be produced in the energy ranges ∼15–21 MeV by means of the 3H(d,n)4He reaction, ∼4–11 MeV via the 2H(d,n)3He reaction, ∼2.0–5.3 MeV using the 3H(p,n)3He reaction and ∼120–650 keV via the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction. The maximum flux has been determined to be of the order of $10^{5}\text{--}10^{6}\text{ n/cm}^{2}\text{s}$

10

5

–

10

6

 n/cm
2

s
, implementing reference reactions, while the flux variation of the neutron beam is monitored using a BF3 detector and a BC501A scintillator. The neutron beams have been characterized using the multiple foil activation technique as well as extensive simulations and have been used for cross section measurements of neutron induced reactions implementing again the activation technique.
Heat transfer rate in Falkner–Skan fluid flow of ZnO-EG over a moving wedge: Intelligent backpropagated neural networks
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Waheed Asif , Awais Muhammad , Saleem Mehreen , Kainat Saba
Published: March 2023

In this study, the Falkner–Skan stream (FSS) of ZnO-EG across a moving wedge is investigated using artificial neural networks backpropagated using a Bayesian regularization strategy (ANN-BRS). The PDEs of the Falkner–Skan are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The reference dataset is created using the mathematical solver in Mathematica and includes moving wedge boundaries, radiation boundaries, nanoparticle volume division boundaries and Falkner–Skan power-regulation boundaries for all proposed scenarios (ANN-BRS). Examined is the effect of practical cut off points on the stream field and temperature profiles, including the radiation limit, moving wedge limit, nanoparticle volume division and Falkner–Skan power. When nanoparticles are present, viscosity and heat conductivity rise, which can be physically explained. Increases in Falkner–Skan power have both positive and negative effects. When the settings are adjusted to their highest values, the maximum rate of heat transmission is realized. The effects of radiation boundary and so on are identical due to the linear augment. As a result, as the parameters are increased, the rate of heat transmission increases. Based on the intended data points that were obtained, the estimated answer is calculated for every scenario utilizing the testing, training and validation procedures. The mean square error data (MSE), error histogram and regression analysis are used to validate the performance of (ANN-BRS).
First principles calculations on the structures, electronic and magnetic properties of the TMn@W12O36 (TM=Mn, Fe, Co and Ni, n = 1–4) clusters
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Wu Zi-hao , Zhao Yuan-yuan , Liu Jing-jie , Abbasi Sedigheh , Li Zhi
Published: March 2023

Transition metal (Mn, Fe, Co and Ni)-doped tungsten oxides nanoparticles with magnetic properties may be applied in various catalysts such as water treatment as they are easy to be recycled. Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of TMn@W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (TM=Mn, Fe, Co and Ni, n=1–4) clusters have been calculated at PBE level. The results reveal that the centers of the TM[Formula: see text] clusters are in accordance with that of the W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] clusters while the TM4 clusters deviate obviously from the center of the W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] cages. All TMn@W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] clusters exhibit slightly less structural stability and obviously more chemical reactivity than the W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] clusters. Mülliken spin densities of a TM atom embedded are almost kept except for the Ni@W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] clusters. The spin densities of TMn clusters in the TM3@W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] and TM4@W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] clusters are offset. The magnetic TM modification strategy is helpful to design recyclable tungsten oxide catalysts.
Constructing Structured Content on WordPress: Emerging Paradigms in Web Content Management
Authors: Carter Daniel
Published: March 2023

Web content management systems (WCMSs) are widely used technologies that, like previous writing tools, shape how people think about and create documents. Despite their influence and ubiquity, however, WCMSs have received exceedingly little attention from scholars interested in social aspects of technology. I begin to address this gap by analyzing the development of WordPress's content creation experience through the lens of structured content. Based on this analysis, I contribute to ongoing discussions of content management by first suggesting that concepts such as structured content need to be understood as the contingent products of technical lineages and technical and social relationships and by second drawing attention to emerging paradigms of content creation, such as the merging of content creation and arrangement and the conflation of visual and abstract representations of content objects.
Review of "Everyday Dirty Work: Invisibility, Communication, and Immigrant Labor by Wilfredo Alvarez," Alvarez, W. (2022). Everyday dirty work: Invisibility, communication, and immigrant labor. The Ohio State University Press.
Authors: Liu Meng-Hsien Neal
Published: March 2023

Wilfredo Alvarez's (2022)
Everyday Dirty Work: Invisibility, Communication, and Immigrant Labor
premises its thesis around "the vital relationship among work, social and cultural integration, and language acquisition" (p. 3) for many multiply marginalized immigrants in the United States, particularly Latin Americans. In his case study of Latin American immigrants who served as janitors at a predominantly white public institute---Rocky Mountain University (RMU)---and their interactional, intercultural, and organizational communications with their patrons (e.g., university faculty, students, or staff), Alvarez theorizes how facets of social identities, communications, languages, and workplace settings are intimately intertwined to generate and reinforce public imaginaries and readings of marginalized immigrant individuals and communities.
Causal Discovery via Causal Star Graphs
Authors: Zhao Boxiang , Wang Shuliang , Chi Lianhua , Li Qi , Liu Xiaojia , Geng Jing
Published: March 2023

Discovering causal relationships among observed variables is an important research focus in data mining. Existing causal discovery approaches are mainly based on constraint-based methods and functional causal models (FCMs). However, the constraint-based method cannot identify the Markov equivalence class and the functional causal models cannot identify the complex interrelationships when multiple variables affect one variable. To address the two aforementioned problems, we propose a new graph structure Causal Star Graph (CSG) and a corresponding framework Causal Discovery via Causal Star Graphs (CD-CSG) to divide a causal directed acyclic graph into multiple CSGs for causal discovery. In this framework, we also propose a generalized learning in CSGs based on a variational approach to learn the representative intermediate variable of CSG’s non-central variables. Through the generalized learning in CSGs, the asymmetry in the forward and backward model of CD-CSG can be found to identify the causal directions in the directed acyclic graphs. We further divide the CSGs into three categories and provide the causal identification principle under each category in our proposed framework. Experiments using synthetic data show that the causal relationships between variables can be effectively identified with CD-CSG and the accuracy of CD-CSG is higher than the best existing model. By applying CD-CSG to real-world data, our proposed method can greatly augment the applicability and effectiveness of causal discovery.
A Combination of Vision‐ and Sensor‐Based Defect Classifications in Extrusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Li Xiao-Yu , Liu Fu-Long , Zhang Meng-Na , Zhou Ming-Xia , Wu Chuan , Zhang Xiao
Published: March 2023

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has been facing the problem of inconsistent processing defects and product quality as a transformative technology, thus hindering its wide application in industry and other fields. In this context, machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly used for automatic classification of process data to achieve computer‐aided defect detection. Specifically, in this paper, two data‐driven classification prediction models are built by monitoring the sensing signals (temperature and vibration data) and interlayer images during the printing process, using the fused deposition model (FDM) as the base case, and the prediction results of the two machine learning models are fused for prediction. The experimental results show that by fusing the prediction results of the two models, the classification accuracy is significantly higher than the prediction results of a single model. These findings can benefit researchers studying FDM with the goal of producing systems that self‐adjust online for quality assurance.
Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes and Its Predictors among Tuberculosis Patients Registered at Tefera Hailu Memorial General Hospital, Sekota Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Debash Habtu , Nega Jemberu , Bisetegn Habtye , Tesfaw Gebru , Feleke Daniel Getacher , Ebrahim Hussen , Gedefie Alemu , Tilahun Mihret , Mohammed Ousman , Alemayehu Ermiyas , Belete Melaku Ashagrie , Seid Abdurahaman , Shibabaw Agumas
Published: March 2023

Background. Despite the availability of effective medications, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a serious global public health problem, primarily affecting low and middle-income nations. Measuring and reporting TB treatment outcomes and identifying associated factors are fundamental parts of TB treatment. The goal of this study was to look at the outcomes of TB treatment and the factors that influence them in Sekota, Northeast Ethiopia. Materials and Methods. A facility-based retrospective study was conducted in Tefera Hailu Memorial General Hospital, Sekota town, Northeast Ethiopia. All TB patients who registered in the TB log book and had known treatment outcomes at the treatment center between January 1, 2015, and December 30, 2021, were included in this study. The data was gathered utilizing a pretested structured data extraction format that comprised demographic, clinical, and treatment outcome characteristics. Data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were employed. A

p

value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. A total of 552 registered TB patients’ data were reviewed. Of these, 49.6% were male, 94.4% were new cases, 64.9% were presented with pulmonary TB, and 18.3% were HIV positive. Regarding the treatment outcome, 11.6% were cured, 82.2% completed their treatment, 1.1% had failed treatment, 1.3% were lost to follow-up, and the remaining 3.8% died during the follow-up. The overall treatment success rate among TB patients was 93.8%. The maximum number of successful treatment outcomes was 94.9% in 2021, while the lowest was 86.7% in 2020. The pattern of successful treatment results changes with the number of years of treatment. In the current study, being a new TB patient (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.31–7.32) and being an HIV-negative patient (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.20–5.8) were factors independently associated with a successful treatment outcome. Conclusion. The rate of successful TB treatment outcomes in the current study was satisfactory. This achievement should be maintained and enhanced further by developing effective monitoring systems and educating patients about medication adherence.
Microenvironment-Driven Dynamic Chromatin Changes in Glioblastoma Recapitulate Early Neural Development at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Pine Allison R. , Cirigliano Stefano M. , Singhania Richa , Nicholson James , da Silva Bárbara , Leslie Christina S. , Fine Howard A.
Published: March 2023

The tumor microenvironment is necessary for recapitulating the intratumoral heterogeneity and cell state plasticity found in human primary glioblastoma (GBM). Conventional models do not accurately recapitulate the spectrum of GBM cellular states, hindering elucidation of the underlying transcriptional regulation of these states. Using our glioblastoma cerebral organoid model, we profiled the chromatin accessibility of 28,040 single cells in five patient-derived glioma stem cell lines. Integration of paired epigenomes and transcriptomes within the context of tumor-normal host cell interactions was used to probe the gene-regulatory networks underlying individual GBM cellular states in a way not readily possible in other in vitro models. These analyses identified the epigenetic underpinnings of GBM cellular states and characterized dynamic chromatin changes reminiscent of early neural development that underlie GBM cell state transitions. Despite large differences between tumors, a shared cellular compartment made up of neural progenitor-like cells and outer radial glia–like cells was observed. Together, these results shed light on the transcriptional regulation program in GBM and offer novel therapeutic targets across a broad range of genetically heterogenous GBMs.

Significance:

Single-cell analyses elucidate the chromatin landscape and transcriptional regulation of glioblastoma cellular states and identify a radial glia–like population, providing potential targets to disrupt cell states and improve therapeutic efficacy.
Nucleophosmin Plays a Role in Repairing DNA Damage and Is a Target for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Sekhar Konjeti R. , Freeman Michael L.
Published: March 2023

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia, and NPM1 expression is elevated in several cancer types. NPM1 is a multifunctional oligomeric protein involved in numerous cellular functions that include participating in liquid–liquid phase separation, ribosome biogenesis, chaperoning of histones, and modulation of transcription. In this review, we discuss the underappreciated role of NPM1 in DNA damage repair, specifically Polη-mediated translesion synthesis, base excision, and homologous recombination and highlight the therapeutic potential of NPM1 targeting in cancer treatment.
Childhood Cancer Death When Life Transpires Where High Childhood Poverty Has Persisted for Decades
Authors: Orjuela-Grimm Manuela A. , Beauchemin Melissa P.
Published: March 2023

It is increasingly clear that social determinants of health impact health, well-being, and quality of life. How these factors can impact cancer-related mortality has only recently included the impact on childhood cancer mortality. Hoppman and colleagues examined the impact of historically prevalent poverty on children with cancer in Alabama, a state with elevated pediatric poverty. Their findings provide a revised framework for understanding the contribution of neighborhood-level factors to pediatric cancer outcomes, identifying previously unrecognized gaps and directing us toward new study approaches to better inform interventions at the individual, institutional and policy levels to improve childhood cancer survival. We provide additional commentary on the implications of these findings, unanswered questions, and considerations for the next generation of interventions to improve childhood cancer survival.

See related article by Hoppmann et al., p. 380
Detection ofMETPolysomy by Next-generation Sequencing and Its Clinical Relevance forMETInhibitors
Authors: Sun Boyang , Qiu Tian , Zeng Xiaoling , Duan Jianchun , Bai Hua , Xu Jiachen , Li Jin , Li Junling , Hao Xuezhi , Liu Yutao , Lin Lin , Wang Hongyu , Zhang Xin , Zhong Jia , Wang Jie , Ying Jianming , Wang Zhijie
Published: March 2023

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has failed to detect mesenchymal epithelial transition factor gene (MET) polysomy in previous studies. We included three non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohorts in this retrospective study to establish new criteria for detecting MET polysomy and to explore the clinical relevance of MET polysomy. Cohort 1 included 53 patients whose tissues were available for both FISH and NGS assays. Paired plasma and tissue samples were obtained from 261 patients with NSCLC as cohort 2. Cohort 3 included 46 patients with metastatic NSCLC, who presented with MET copy-number gain assessed by NGS. ROC analysis demonstrated that a cut-off point of 2.3 copies achieved the maximum Youden index in discriminating polysomy from normal copy number. Compared with the FISH test for MET polysomy, the sensitivity, specificity, and agreement of NGS were 90%, 90%, and 96.2%, respectively. Following optimization using maximum somatic allele frequency, the sensitivity and specificity of NGS for defining polysomy using plasma samples according to different circulating tumor DNA mutation frequencies were 42% and 63%. The concordance rate between tissue and plasma samples for detecting polysomy was 85%. Regarding the response to MET inhibitor, the median progression-free survival (PFS) of the MET amplification group was significantly higher than that of the polysomy group. The median PFS was similar between the polysomy and normal groups. Our results indicated that NGS may serve as an alternative method for detecting MET polysomy in NSCLC tissues. Moreover, patients with MET polysomy may not benefit from MET inhibitors.

Significance:

In this study, we established a methodology to differentiate polysomy from normal copy numbers and amplification using NGS. Moreover, this study suggests that it is critical to discriminate MET polysomy from amplification, for the former may dilute the clinical benefit of MET inhibitors.