bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimum placement of supplementary viscous dampers for seismic rehabilitation of steel frames considering soil–structure interaction
Authors: Sarcheshmehpour Mohammad , Estekanchi Homayoon E. , Ghannad Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the significance of soil–structure interaction (SSI) in optimal placement of viscous dampers in steel frames is studied. Optimal placement of dampers is determined with the purpose of achieving performance objectives at three hazard levels using genetic algorithm optimization. Endurance time method is used for seismic nonlinear response analysis of the fixed‐base and SSI included frames. The soil beneath the structures is considered as a homogeneous elastic half‐space, and the soil–structure systems are modeled by the substructure method. Results indicate that at low excitation intensities, consideration of SSI results in maximum drift ratio reduction at all stories of the frames. At higher intensity levels, more drift is observed in the upper stories of the soil–structure systems in comparison with the fixed‐base frames. Higher damping in the upper stories is required to optimally rehabilitate soil–structure systems as compared with the corresponding fixed‐base ones. In most of the frames, SSI leads to the reduction of total required damping. However, the optimal damper placement based on the analysis of fixed‐base frames can be unconservative due to changes in damping distribution patterns.
Suppressing Arc Development by Arc‐Extinguishing and Lightning‐Protection Device
Authors: Yan Renbao , Wang Jufeng , Nie Yonghui , Li Zijian
Published: October 2019

When a transmission line is struck by lightning, or a power‐frequency flashover of insulator strings occurs, arc‐extinguishing and lightning‐protection devices can effectively save the insulators from cauterization caused by power‐frequency arcs and can quickly break the transient arc after a device is struck by an impulse flashover. The working principle of arc‐extinguishing and lightning‐protection devices is that the device can instantly produce a jet airflow and the arc will be extinguished in its initial phase itself; thus, the arc is suppressed thoroughly. In other words, the air blast extinguishes the arc when its current is only a few amperes, and, ideally, there is no arc at all. The earlier the jet airflow acts on the arc, the better the arc‐extinguishing effect. The proposed theory of the arc‐extinguishing and lightning‐protection device is experimentally verified. Photos from a high‐speed camera demonstrate the thorough inhibition effect of the high‐speed jet airflow on the arc. The time during which the arc is extinguished is about 7 ms, and the arc is not regenerated. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The work after “It's too late” (to prevent dangerous climate change)
Authors: Moser Susanne C.
Published: October 2019

The fact that the question “Is it too late (to prevent dangerous climate change”)? is being debated in serious science circles constitutes a culturally significant moment. This article does not offer a simplistic answer to “is it too late – or not?”, but explores the uncomfortable space of denying neither endings nor possibilities. In so doing, it asks readers to witness and engage with what appears to be a serious psychological and cultural struggle within ourselves, now publicly visible, over what and how to confront endings, what kind of hope to sustain, and how to be and act in the face of these accumulating apocalyptic (i.e., revelatory) facts. The article sketches the variety of endings being faced at this time and the psychological responses to them. It then outlines the political, policy, and practical work, as well as the deeper, underlying socio‐cultural and psychological work, that the paradoxical tension between endings and possibilities demands.

This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Is it too late to prevent systemic danger to the world's poor?
Authors: Farbotko Carol
Published: October 2019

To answer the question “is it too late to stop dangerous climate change?” requires systemic thinking. An experiment named ‘climate risk disclosure’ is currently underway in the global financial industry, one that is seeking to stabilize the climate‐finance meta‐system. This meta‐system is in danger of meta‐crisis, but addressing this risk in itself is a systemic danger to the world's poor, to the extent that the climate‐finance risk calculus does not adequately account for social risk. The global poor now face being systemically excluded from having their interests measured and managed in the climate‐finance meta‐system. Already vulnerable groups, at risk from poverty, climate change impacts, political unrest, and other social ills, are at risk of being even further marginalized. The systemic embedding of social exclusion is a largely unrecognized risk in work toward maintaining climate‐finance meta‐system stability. The question of preventing dangerous climate change, then, may be not so much a question of ‘when?,’ but of how to reduce the dangers arising from systemic social marginalization and compounding vulnerabilities along with systemically reducing carbon emissions. Perhaps it is not loo late to stop climate danger, but without a specific focus on social risk in the meta‐system this may only be true for those who already enjoy the fruits of global financial stability.

This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
On the political feasibility of climate change mitigation pathways: Is it too late to keep warming below 1.5°C?
Authors: Jewell Jessica , Cherp Aleh
Published: October 2019

Keeping global warming below 1.5°C is technically possible but is it politically feasible? Understanding political feasibility requires answering three questions: (a) “Feasibility of what?,” (b) “Feasibility when and where?,” and (c) “Feasibility for whom?.” In relation to the 1.5°C target, these questions translate into (a) identifying specific actions comprising the 1.5°C pathways; (b) assessing the economic and political costs of these actions in different socioeconomic and political contexts; and (c) assessing the economic and institutional capacity of relevant social actors to bear these costs. This view of political feasibility stresses costs and capacities in contrast to the prevailing focus on benefits and motivations which mistakes desirability for feasibility. The evidence on the political feasibility of required climate actions is not systematic, but clearly indicates that the costs of required actions are too high in relation to capacities to bear these costs in relevant contexts. In the future, costs may decline and capacities may increase which would reduce political constraints for at least some solutions. However, this is unlikely to happen in time to avoid a temperature overshoot. Further research should focus on exploring the “dynamic political feasibility space” constrained by costs and capacities in order to find more feasible pathways to climate stabilization.

This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing Demand
An introduction to algorithmic differentiation
Authors: Gebremedhin Assefaw H. , Walther Andrea
Published: October 2019

Algorithmic differentiation (AD), also known as automatic differentiation, is a technology for accurate and efficient evaluation of derivatives of a function given as a computer model. The evaluations of such models are essential building blocks in numerous scientific computing and data analysis applications, including optimization, parameter identification, sensitivity analysis, uncertainty quantification, nonlinear equation solving, and integration of differential equations. We provide an introduction to AD and present its basic ideas and techniques, some of its most important results, the implementation paradigms it relies on, the connection it has to other domains including machine learning and parallel computing, and a few of the major open problems in the area. Topics we discuss include: forward mode and reverse mode of AD, higher‐order derivatives, operator overloading and source transformation, sparsity exploitation, checkpointing, cross‐country mode, and differentiating iterative processes.

This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Scalable Statistical Methods

Technologies > Data Preprocessing
Is density enough to predict the rheology of natural sediments?
Authors: Shakeel Ahmad , Kirichek Alex , Chassagne Claire
Published: October 2019

Mud is a cohesive material which contains predominantly clay minerals, water, organic matter and some amounts of silt and sand. Mud samples can have complex rheological behaviour, displaying viscoelasticity, shear-thinning, thixotropy and yield stress. In this study, influence of organic matter on the rheological behaviour of different mud samples having similar densities is investigated. Four samples, collected from different locations and depths of Port of Hamburg (Germany) were selected. Two samples with the density of about 1210 kg/m3 and two samples with the density of about 1090 kg/m3 were analysed by different rheological tests, including stress ramp-up tests, flow curves, thixotropic tests, oscillatory amplitude and frequency sweep tests. Two yield stress regions (with two yield stress values stated as “static” and “fluidic” yield stresses) were identified for all the samples, and these regions, corresponding to a structural change of the samples were significantly different from sample to sample due to the differences in organic matter content. For lower density samples, the ratio of fluidic to static yield stress increased from 3 to 4.4 while it increased from 4.4 to 5.2 in case of higher density samples, by increasing the organic matter content. The thixotropic studies showed that the mud samples having lowest organic matter content (VH and KBZ) exhibit a combination of thixotropic and anti-thixotropic behaviours. The results of frequency sweep tests revealed the solid-like character of the mud within the linear viscoelastic regime. Mud samples having higher organic matter content (RV and RT) had a higher complex modulus (417 Pa and 7909 Pa) than the ones with lower organic matter content (13 Pa and 1774 Pa), for a given density. This study demonstrated that the density only is not a sufficient criterion to predict the rheology of different mud. Furthermore, even small amounts of organic matter content change significantly the mud rheological behaviour.
Structure and substructure connectivity of circulant graphs and hypercubes
Authors: Tamizh Chelvam T. , Sivagami M.
Published: October 2019

Let H be a connected subgraph of a connected graph G. The H-structure connectivity of the graph G, denoted by κ(G;H), is the minimum cardinality of a minimal set of subgraphs F={H1′,H2′,…,Hm′} in G, such that every H′i∈F is isomorphic to H and removal of F from G will disconnect G. The H-substructure connectivity of the graph G, denoted by κs(G;H), is the minimum cardinality of a minimal set of subgraphs F={J1′,J2′,…,Jm′} in G, such that every Ji′∈F is a connected subgraph of H and removal of F from G will disconnect G. In this paper, we provide the H-structure and the H-substructure connectivity of the circulant graph Cir(n,Ω) where Ω={1,…,k,n−k,…,n−1},1≤k≤⌊n2⌋ and the hypercube Qn for some connected subgraphs H.
Amyloid pathology‐produced unexpected modifications of calcium homeostasis in hippocampal subicular dendrites
Authors: Angulo Sergio L. , Henzi Thomas , Neymotin Samuel A. , Suarez Manuel D. , Lytton William W. , Schwaller Beat , Moreno Herman
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to neuronal calcium dyshomeostasis, which is associated with network hyperexcitability. Decreased expression of the calcium‐binding protein cal‐ bindin‐D28K (CB) might be a susceptibility factor for AD. The subiculum is affected early in AD, for unknown reasons.

Methods

In AD, CB knock‐out and control mice fluorescence Ca2+ imaging combined with patch clamp were used to characterize Ca2+ dynamics, resting Ca2+, and Ca2+‐buffering capacity in subicular neurons. CB expression levels in wild‐type and AD mice were also analyzed.

Results

The subiculum and dentate gyrus of wild‐type mice showed age‐related decline in CB expression not observed in AD mice. Resting Ca2+ and Ca2+‐buffering capacity was increased in aged AD mice subicular dendrites. Modeling suggests that AD calcium changes can be explained by alterations of Ca2+ extrusion pumps rather than by buffers.

Discussion

Overall, abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis in AD has an age dependency that comprises multiple mechanisms, including compensatory processes.
Role of Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein as a Predictor of Therapeutic Response to Tadalafil in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Jamaluddin  , Bansal Manish , Srivastava Gauraw Kumar , Gupta Narmada Prasad
Published: October 2019

Introduction

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a marker of inflammation, is known to be elevated in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). However, its role in predicting therapeutic response to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors is incompletely understood.

Aim

The aim of this study was to understand the relationship among hs-CRP, mechanism of ED, and therapeutic response of ED to tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor.

Methods

A total of 282 men (mean age 36.6 ± 12.0 years) with ED were included. All subjects underwent detailed evaluation, including estimation of a 6-item abbreviated version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-6) score, penile Doppler studies, and measurement of hs-CRP. IIEF-6 scoring and hs-CRP measurement were repeated after 6 weeks of tadalafil therapy (10 mg/day). The patients were categorized into vasculogenic and nonvasculogenic ED groups based on penile Doppler findings.

Main Outcome Measure

The main outcome measure was the therapeutic response to tadalafil, in relation to the mechanism of ED and hs-CRP levels.

Results

Vasculogenic ED was much less common (23.8% of the subjects) than non-vasculogenic ED. Subjects with vasculogenic ED were older, had higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, had more severe (mean IIEF-6 score 9.2 ± 4.6 vs 14.8 ± 4.7; P < .001) and longer duration ED, and responded less favorably to therapy (response rate 10.4% vs 75.0%; P < .001). Those showing improvement with tadalafil had lower hs-CRP at baseline (median 1.5 mg/L [interquartile range 0.9−2.3] vs 2.0 mg/L [interquartile range 1.1−3.1; P = .034]) and had proportionately greater reduction in its level. However, on multivariate analysis, only shorter duration of ED (P = .008), non-vasculogenic origin (P = .025), and higher IIEF-6 score at baseline (P = .013) were independent predictors of response to treatment.

Clinical Implications

Serum hs-CRP is elevated in patients who are less likely to respond to vasodilator therapy but does not have an independent predictive value for this purpose.

Strengths & Limitations

This is the largest study to evaluate the relationship among the mechanism of ED, serum hs-CRP level, and therapeutic response of ED to tadalafil. All patients underwent a penile Doppler study to characterize the type of ED. The limitations were nonrandomized nature of the study and nearly 22% dropout rate.

Conclusion

Serum hs-CRP level is higher in vasculogenic ED compared with non-vasculogenic ED, and is associated with poorer response to tadalafil therapy. However, this association is not independent of underlying risk factors and mechanism of ED.
Colic-Based Transplant in Sexual Reassignment Surgery: Functional Outcomes and Complications in 43 Consecutive Patients
Authors: di Summa Pietro G. , Watfa William , Krähenbühl Swenn , Schaffer Clara , Raffoul Wassim , Bauquis Olivier
Published: October 2019

Introduction

The “traditional” method to perform vaginoplasty in male-to-female transgender surgery consists in inverting the penoscrotal skin into a surgically created cavity in the perineum between the rectum and the bladder creating a neovagina. To overcome the noteworthy disadvantage of lack of depth, the use of a rectosigmoid graft can be preferred over the penile skin inversion.

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare 2 methods for vaginoplasty in male-to-female transgender surgery in regard of the functional and cosmetic long-term result. Additionally this study aims to understand key factors leading to secondary sigmoid vaginoplasty in patients with previous penile skin inversion.

Methods

This is a retrospective survey of outcomes and complications of 43 patients who underwent neovaginoplasty by the same senior surgeon, between 2007 and 2017. 13 patients underwent a secondary rectosigmoid neovagina later (30.2%). Moreover, we performed an aesthetic and functional evaluation on 28 patients (65%) at long-term follow-up. Mean follow-up was 32.6 ± 3.5 months (average ± SEM). Patients were also evaluated by a questionnaire to assess both aesthetic and functional (penetration, orgasm, and pain) outcomes. Statistical analysis was used to compare results between groups.

Main Outcome Measure

Patient satisfaction was assessed by a questionnaire sent to all 43 patients and was made of 5 questions (Q1 to Q5) designed in a way to evaluate patient outcomes in terms of both functionality and cosmesis of the neovagina.

Results

Our findings showed that the use of a rectosigmoid graft in secondary cases significantly decreased sexual pain during intercourse. Both techniques had similar aesthetic and functional outcomes with mostly satisfied patients (no statistical significance).

Clinical Implications

The use of sigmoid vaginoplasty could improve functional outcomes when compared to penile skin inversion vaginoplasty.

Strength & Limitations

This study strength is its retrospective nature conducted on a prospectively-maintained database limiting biases with 43 consecutive vaginoplasties, performed by the same surgeon. Relative limitation was that not all patients returned our questionnaire and, thus, only 65% of our patients were evaluated for satisfaction.

Conclusion

This study reports long-term outcomes in transgender surgery using 2 different techniques for neovagina creation. The use of sigmoid vaginoplasty showed better functional outcomes than penile skin inversion, whereas cosmetic results were similar.
Evaluation of Rock Climbing Related Injuries in Older Athletes
Authors: Lutter Christoph , Hotfiel Thilo , Tischer Thomas , Lenz Robert , Schöffl Volker
Published: October 2019

Introduction

With the growing enthusiasm from people of all ages about rock climbing and bouldering, adaptions and medical conditions of the older athlete have become increasingly important. We aimed to analyze injury demographics, distribution, and severity for the older rock-climbing athlete.

Methods

During a 3-y period, we performed a single-center injury surveillance in athletes ≥ 35 y of age presenting with rock climbing–related injuries or complaints. A standard questionnaire and examination protocol were conducted.

Results

A total of 198 patients (age 44.2 ± 7.1 [35–77] y) (mean±SD, with range) with 275 independent injuries were recorded. Ninety percent of all injuries affected the upper extremity, 6% the lower extremity, and 4% other body regions. The Union Internationale des Associations d’Alpinisme injury scores were 2.0 ± 0.3 (1–4), and no fatalities occurred. Acute injuries were observed in 32% and overuse injuries in 68% of all injuries. Among the overuse injuries, 47% were classified as degenerative overuse conditions. Athlete age did not significantly correlate with the development of overuse injuries and UIAA injury score, but subgroup analysis showed a weak correlation of the climber age with the development of degenerative conditions ( P < 0.05). The leading diagnosis of degenerative conditions was subacromial impingement syndrome of the shoulder.

Conclusions

Compared to younger athletes, older rock climbers demonstrate a higher proportion of overuse injuries, especially degenerative conditions. Profound knowledge of climbing injuries patterns and conditions in older rock climbers is crucial to prevent injuries among all age groups and to decrease the number of degenerative injuries.
Sustainable Land Management Practices and Technical and Environmental Efficiency among Smallholder Farmers in Ghana
Authors: Issahaku Gazali , Abdulai Awudu
Published: October 2019

The study examines the effects of adoption of sustainable land management practices on farm households’ technical efficiency (TE) and environmental efficiency, using household-level data from Ghana. We employ selectivity biased-corrected stochastic production frontier to account for potential bias from both observed and unobserved factors. The empirical results show that adopters exhibit higher levels of TE and output, compared with the nonadopters. However, the results reveal that adopters are found to use excess herbicides that could have adverse environmental consequences. The results also reveal that extension services and access to credit positively and significantly correlate with TE.
Kantian Self-Conceit and the Two Guises of Authority
Authors: Russell Francey
Published: October 2019

There is a debate in the literature as to whether Kantian self-conceit is intrapsychic or interpersonal. I argue that self-conceit is both. I argue that, for Kant, self-conceit is fundamentally an illusion about authority, one’s own and any authority one stands in relation to. Self-conceit refuses to recognize the authority of the law. But the law “shows up” for us in two guises: one’s own reason and other persons. Thus, self-conceit refuses to recognize both guises of the law. Hence self-conceit is essentially double-sided, at once intrapsychic and interpersonal.
Remembering France's glory, securing Europe in the age of Trump
Authors: Gheciu Alexandra
Published: October 2019

These days, when we hear the slogan ‘let's make our country great again’ we almost automatically assume the state concerned is the US, and the leader uttering the slogan is President Trump. This article invites readers to explore the discourse and practices through which another national leader is seeking to restore his country's ‘greatness’ and promote national and international security. The leader concerned is France's Emmanuel Macron. Why focus on the French president? Because since his election he has become the most dynamic European leader, on a mission to enhance France's international stature, and to do so via a broader process of protecting and empowering the EU. More broadly, France stands out as a country whose political leadership has long been committed to the goal of playing a global role. As Pernille Rieker reminds us, ‘Since 1945, French foreign policy has been dominated by the explicit ambition of restoring the country's greatness [la grandeur de la France], justified in terms of French exceptionalism’.1

Macron has cast his vision of national/European greatness, security, and international order in opposition to the isolationist, rigidly nationalist visions articulated by his domestic opponents and, internationally, by President Trump. In his view, France and Europe can only be secure if they defeat the illiberal ideas advocated by the increasingly vocal political forces, particularly far-right movements, seeking to undermine the core values and multilateral principles of the post-1945 international order. Under these circumstances, an analysis of Macron's policies and practices of grandeur can help us gain a better understanding of the competition between liberal and illiberal worldviews – a competition that is increasingly pronounced within the Western world.
A Piece of the Puzzle: Women and the Law as Viewed from the Late Medieval Court of Chancery
Authors: Beattie Cordelia
Published: October 2019

This article uses fifteenth-century Chancery court bills to demonstrate how women negotiated solutions to social and legal disputes not just in Chancery but through a variety of legal jurisdictions. This approach sheds light on women's actions in courts where the records have not survived, and it also adds nuance to the long-running debate about whether equity was a more favorable jurisdiction for women than the common law. By bringing into view other jurisdictions—such as manorial, borough, and ecclesiastical ones—it demonstrates how litigants might pursue justice in a number of arenas, consecutively or concurrently. Some women approached Chancery because they did not think they would get justice in a lower court, while others were keen that their cases be sent back down so that they could be fully recompensed for the offences against them. A fuller understanding of the disputes to which Chancery bills refer complicates our understanding of why women “chose” Chancery. Chancery is only one piece of the puzzle of how women negotiated justice in late medieval England, but its records can also shed light on some of the missing pieces.
Global instability in the onset of transonic-wing buffet
Authors: Crouch J. D. , Garbaruk A. , Strelets M.
Published: October 2019

Global stability analysis is used to analyse the onset of transonic buffet on infinite swept and unswept wings. This high-Reynolds-number flow is governed by the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The analysis generalizes earlier studies focused on two-dimensional airfoils. For the unswept wing, results show spanwise-periodic stationary modes in addition to the earlier-observed oscillatory mode. The oscillatory mode is nominally two-dimensional with a spanwise wavelength greater than ten wing chords. The stationary modes of instability exist over two bands of spanwise wavelengths centred around an intermediate wavelength of one wing chord, and around a short wavelength of one tenth of a wing chord. The intermediate-wavelength modes have a flow structure characteristic of airfoil buffeting modes, concentrated at the shock and in the shear layer downstream of the shock. The short-wavelength modes are only concentrated in the shear layer downstream of the shock. These stationary modes can lead to spanwise-periodic flow structures for the unswept wing. For the swept wing, these stationary modes become unsteady travelling modes and contribute to the more complex buffeting-flow structures observed on swept wings as compared with unswept wings. The spanwise-wavelength bands of the travelling modes translate to different frequencies, resulting in a broad-banded unsteady response for the swept wing. For a $30^{\circ }$ swept wing, the frequencies associated with the intermediate-wavelength modes are approximately 10 times higher than the swept-wing generalization of the long-wavelength oscillatory mode, and approximately 6 times higher than the long-wavelength mode for the unswept wing. These instability characteristics are in good agreement with experimental observations.
Queer(y)ing Indigenous Australian higher education student spaces
Authors: Sullivan Corrinne , Day Madi
Published: October 2019

Abstract
For many Queer and Gender Diverse (QGD) Indigenous Australian people, there is little to no separation between our queer or gender identity, and our cultural identity. We are increasingly calling upon institutions to consider and cater to our identities and the needs which correlate with such identities. This paper discusses the findings of a project that investigated the ways in which QGD Indigenous Australian students are included, or not, in the Australian higher education space. Our findings suggest QGD Indigenous Australians are often overlooked in these spaces. We explore the consequences for university access, retention and personal impact for this cohort of students.
A framework for the integrated analysis of the magnitude, selectivity, and biotic effects of extinction and origination
Authors: Bush Andrew M. , Wang Steve C. , Payne Jonathan L. , Heim Noel A.
Published: October 2019

The taxonomic and ecologic composition of Earth's biota has shifted dramatically through geologic time, with some clades going extinct while others diversified. Here, we derive a metric that quantifies the change in biotic composition due to extinction or origination and show that it equals the product of extinction/origination magnitude and selectivity (variation in magnitude among groups). We also define metrics that describe the extent to which a recovery (1) reinforced or reversed the effects of extinction on biotic composition and (2) changed composition in ways uncorrelated with the extinction. To demonstrate the approach, we analyzed an updated compilation of stratigraphic ranges of marine animal genera. We show that mass extinctions were not more selective than background intervals at the phylum level; rather, they tended to drive greater taxonomic change due to their higher magnitudes. Mass extinctions did not represent a separate class of events with respect to either strength of selectivity or effect. Similar observations apply to origination during recoveries from mass extinctions, and on average, extinction and origination were similarly selective and drove similar amounts of biotic change. Elevated origination during recoveries drove bursts of compositional change that varied considerably in effect. In some cases, origination partially reversed the effects of extinction, returning the biota toward the pre-extinction composition; in others, it reinforced the effects of the extinction, magnifying biotic change. Recoveries were as important as extinction events in shaping the marine biota, and their selectivity deserves systematic study alongside that of extinction.
ARMS AND ARMOUR: AN EMENDATION TO STATIUS, SILVAE 4.4.66
Authors: Magnavacca Adalberto
Published: October 2019

In Silv. 4.4 Statius pays homage to Vitorius Marcellus, the young dedicatee of the poem (for this small but meaningful detail, see Stat. Silv. 4.4.45 iuuenes … annos; 4.4.74 iuuenemque … parentem), praising his skills as an orator (4.4.39–45) and foreseeing a brilliant military career for him (4.4.61–4). The last point is highlighted in a brief portrait of Marcellus as a perfect foot soldier and horseman (4.4.64–9):… nec enim tibi sola potentiseloquii uirtus: sunt membra accommoda bellis    65quique grauem tarde subeant thoraca lacerti.seu campo pedes ire pares, est agmina supranutaturus apex, seu frena sonantia flectes,seruiet asper equus.
VARRO ON ADJECTIVE GRADATION: DE LINGVA LATINA 6.59 AND AELIUS STILO'S AVOIDANCE OF NOVISSIMVS
Authors: De melo Wolfgang D.C.
Published: October 2019

Varro's De lingua Latina (= Ling.) is a treasure trove of information. Of the originally twenty-five books, six have come down to us more or less complete. Among these, Books 5–7 give us many hundreds of etymologies, and Books 8–10 discuss the question whether Latin morphology is regular or not. What Varro rarely comments on is sociolinguistic variation. The sociolinguistic comments in Varro's work can almost be counted on one hand. For instance, in 5.162 Varro remarks that cenaculum, from cena ‘dinner’, means ‘attic’ in Roman Latin, but that the original meaning was, as one might expect, ‘dining-room’, a meaning preserved in the non-Roman dialects of Latium, Falerii and Corduba in Spain; the meaning also lives on in religious uses in Lanuvium. In 7.96, Varro tells us that some words are pronounced with -ae- by some, but with -ē- by others. We know that non-Roman varieties of Latin monophthongized -ae- earlier than the Roman dialect did. Varro mentions pairs like scaena / scēna ‘stage’, a loan from Greek σκηνή, which shows that -ae- is hypercorrect here. Interestingly, only in one such pair is the variant with -ē- ascribed to country people, in the name Maesius / Mēsius, and this is indeed the only pair where the diphthong -ae- is original rather than the result of hypercorrection.
Use of a Digital Storytelling Workshop to Foster Development of Intergenerational Relationships and Preserve Culture with the Nak’azdli First Nation: Findings from the Nak’azdli Lha’hutit’en Project
Authors: Freeman Shannon , Martin Jenny , Nash Carrie , Hausknecht Simone , Skinner Kelly
Published: October 2019

La communauté autochtone Nak’azdli Whut’en du nord de la Colombie-Britannique a reconnu l’importance de préserver et de partager entre les générations la sagesse, les connaissances culturelles et les traditions orales des aînés. Nous présentons les résultats d’un atelier intergénérationnel portant sur les récits numériques, dirigé par le Nak’azdli Health Centre, en collaboration avec des organismes communautaires et des partenaires universitaires. Dans le cadre d’un plan d’action participatif conçu conformément aux principes PCAP®, un atelier de 10 séances a été créé et mis à l’essai. La technologie WeVideo a été utilisée pour faciliter le partage des connaissances entre des élèves du primaire et des aînés. Les aînés ont partagé leur expérience et leurs connaissances à travers leurs récits. Les élèves ont enregistré les récits des aînés et y ont ajouté des images et des sons pour transposer la vision des aînés sous une forme numérique. Ainsi, les aînés et les élèves ont œuvré en partenariat pour co-créer des récits numériques constituant un héritage culturel pour les générations futures. Cet atelier était en accord avec le programme scolaire de la Colombie-Britannique. Il a favorisé les relations intergénérationnelles entre les aînés et les jeunes, a contribué à la préservation de l’identité culturelle et à la valorisation du rôle des aînés et des jeunes dans leur communauté.
Rethinking Arab Intellectual History: Epistemology, Historicism, Secularism
Authors: El Shakry Omnia
Published: October 2019

Arab intellectual history has been experiencing a resurgence of late, positioned as it is between the ascendancy of global intellectual history and the continued resilience of area studies. Such a precipitous conjuncture has led to a proliferation of Arab intellectual histories that belie the orientalist fallacy of the region as a “no idea producing area,” as once infelicitously described by Charles F. Gallagher. And yet the task of scholars of the Arab world is surely more complex than merely adding intellectuals and writers who have heretofore been ignored to the catalogue of intellectual history.
Provenance of Cenozoic Sediments in the Xining Basin Revealed by Nd and Pb Isotopic Evidence: Implications for Tectonic Uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: He Zhilin , Guo Zhengtang , Yang Fan , Sayem Abu Sadat Md , Wu Haibin , Zhang Chunxia , Hao Qingzhen , Xiao Guoqiao , Han Long , Fu Yang , Wu Zhipeng , Hu Bin
Published: October 2019

Constraining the uplift of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) is critical for growth models of the plateau and tectonic‐climatic interactions during the Cenozoic. The sequence of early Eocene (53 Ma)‐early Miocene (16 Ma) clastic sediments deposited in the Xining Basin provides insights into the uplift of the NETP. We used Nd‐Pb isotopic composition of the Cenozoic sediments in the Xining Basin to trace sediment sources and hence to infer uplift of the NETP. Provenance analysis indicates that the Qilian Shan was possibly the source area before ~50 Ma; the West Qinling became the main source area during ~50–39 Ma; and the West Qinling, Qilian Shan, and Laji Shan probably became source areas during ~39–30 Ma. During ~30–16 Ma, the sediments comprised a two‐end‐member mixture of detrital materials from the Laji Shan and the Qilian Shan, whereas detrital inputs from the Qilian Shan increased after ~22 Ma. Combined with previous studies, our inferred provenance history suggests that (1) part of the Qilian Shan possibly existed before ~50 Ma; (2) the West Qinling was uplifted since ~50 Ma; (3) part of the Laji Shan was uplifted during ~39–30 Ma, and the entire Laji Shan was probably uplifted since ~30 Ma, separating the Xining from Xunhua‐Linxia basins; and (4) the Qilian Shan was uplifted during the early Miocene, which together with climate change caused erosion and provenance changes. These results suggest that the NETP was uplifted since the early Cenozoic and sizeable parts of the NETP were probably uplifted by the early Miocene.
Tracking Spread of the Agulhas Leakage Into the Western South Atlantic and Its Northward Transmission During the Last Interglacial
Authors: Ballalai João M. , Santos Thiago P. , Lessa Douglas O. , Venancio Igor M. , Chiessi Cristiano M. , Johnstone Heather J. H. , Kuhnert Henning , Claudio Marcela R. , Toledo Felipe , Costa Karen B. , Albuquerque Ana Luiza S.
Published: October 2019

Intensification of the Agulhas Leakage (AL) during glacial terminations has long been proposed as a necessary mechanism for reverting the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to its interglacial mode. However, lack of records showing the downstream evolution of AL signal and substantial temporal differences between AL intensification and resumption of deep‐water convection have cast doubt on the importance of this mechanism to the AMOC. Here, we analyze a combination of new and previously published data relating to Mg/Ca‐derived temperatures and ice volume‐corrected seawater δ18O records (δ18OIVC‐SW, as a proxy for relative changes in ocean salinity), which demonstrate propagation of AL signal via surface and thermocline waters to the western South Atlantic (Santos Basin) during Termination II and the early Last Interglacial. The saline AL waters were temporally stored in the upper subtropical South Atlantic until they were abruptly released in two stages into the North Atlantic via surface and thermocline waters at ca. 129 and 123 ka BP, respectively. Accounting for age model uncertainties, these two stages are coeval with the resumption of convection in the Labrador and Nordic seas during the Last Interglacial. We propose a mechanism whereby both active AL and a favorable ocean‐atmosphere configuration in the tropical Atlantic were required to allow flux of AL waters into the North Atlantic, where they then contributed to enhancing the AMOC during the Last Interglacial period. Our results provide a framework that connects AL strengthening to the AMOC intensifications that followed glaciations.
General methods for quantitative interpretation of results of digital variable-volume assays
Authors: Huynh Toan , Byrnes Samantha A. , Chang Tim C. , Weigl Bernhard H. , Nichols Kevin P.
Published: October 2019

In digital assays, devices typically require precisely controlled volumes since variation can cause biases in concentration estimates. Here, we develop methods to correct bias when compartment volumes are variable.
Carbohydrate isomer resolutionviamulti-site derivatization cyclic ion mobility-mass spectrometry
Authors: McKenna Kristin R. , Li Li , Baker Andrew G. , Ujma Jakub , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan , Liotta Charles L. , Fernández Facundo M.
Published: October 2019

Cyclic ion mobility-tandem mass spectrometry enhances the separation and identification of small carbohydrate isomers.
Deep eutectic solvothermal synthesis of an open framework copper selenidogermanate with pH-resistant Cs+ ion exchange properties
Authors: Liu Hua-Wei , Wang Kai-Yao , Ding Dong , Sun Meng , Cheng Lin , Wang Cheng
Published: October 2019

Reported here is the deep eutectic solvothermal synthesis of an open framework copper selenidogermanate [NH3CH3]0.75Cu1.25GeSe3 (CuGeSe-1), which shows a pH-resistant Cs+ ion exchange performance (qm = 225.3 mg g−1).
Correction: Oligonucleotide-templated lateral flow assays for amplification-free sensing of circulating microRNAs
Authors: Pavagada Suraj , Channon Robert B. , Chang Jason Y. H. , Kim Sung Hye , MacIntyre David , Bennett Phillip R. , Terzidou Vasso , Ladame Sylvain
Published: October 2019

Correction for ‘Oligonucleotide-templated lateral flow assays for amplification-free sensing of circulating microRNAs’ by Suraj Pavagada et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 12451–12454.
Anhydrous cadmium oxalate polymorphism: a first principle study
Authors: Demichelis Raffaella
Published: October 2019

The structure of γ-CdC2O4 has been theoretically refined, XRD spectrum and properties are in excellent agreement with experiments.
CeO2 supported low-loading Au as an enhanced catalyst for low temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide
Authors: Li Lingling , Liu Yu , Wang Qishun , Zhou Xuan , Li Jian , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: October 2019

A series of low loading and high activity Au/CeO2 supported catalysts were synthesized using a coprecipitation method. Au/CeO2 catalysts with a low Au content (0.2 wt%) showed extremely high activity for CO oxidation with 100% conversion of CO around 60 °C.
TiO2-supported Pt single atoms by surface organometallic chemistry for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Jeantelot Gabriel , Qureshi Muhammad , Harb Moussab , Ould-Chikh Samy , Anjum Dalaver H. , Abou-Hamad Edy , Aguilar-Tapia Antonio , Hazemann Jean-Louis , Takanabe Kazuhiro , Basset Jean-Marie
Published: October 2019

Platinum single atoms are grafted by SOMC on morphology-controlled TiO2. Their structure is characterized by EXAFS and other techniques, and their activity and stability in HER and backwards reaction are studied and compared to Pt nanoparticles.
Hydrogenated ZnIn2S4 microspheres: boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by sulfur vacancy engineering and mechanism insight
Authors: Wang Yanze , Chen Da , Qin Laishun , Liang Junhui , Huang Yuexiang
Published: October 2019

The correlation between hydrogenation-induced surface sulfur vacancies and photocatalytic activity of hydrogenated ZnIn2S4 is tentatively proposed in this work.
Quantum nature of the hydrogen bond from ambient conditions down to ultra-low temperatures
Authors: Schran Christoph , Marx Dominik
Published: October 2019

Quantum simulations reveal strong temperature effects for weak hydrogen bonds and differences in quantum delocalization between various hydrogen-bonded systems.
Atmospheric loss of nitrous oxide (N2O) is not influenced by its potential reactions with OH and NO3radicals
Authors: Ravishankara A. R. , Pele Anne-Laure , Zhou Li , Ren Yangang , Zogka Antonia , Daële Véronique , Idir Mahmoud , Brown Steven S. , Romanias Manolis N. , Mellouki Abdelwahid
Published: October 2019

The rate coefficient for the possible reaction of OH and NO3radical with N2O are shown to be, respectively, <1 × 10−17and <5 × 10−20cm3molecule−1s−1. They are too low to contribute significantly to the atmospheric removal of N2O.
Computational study of aromaticity,1H NMR spectra and intermolecular interactions of twisted thia-norhexaphyrin and its multiply annulated polypyrrolic derivatives
Authors: Baryshnikov Gleb V. , Valiev Rashid R. , Li Qizhao , Li Chengjie , Xie Yongshu , Ågren Hans
Published: October 2019

The recently synthesized twisted thia-norhexaphyrin and its multiply annulated polypyrrolic derivatives have been studied computationally.
On the stability of a dipole-bound state in the presence of a molecule
Authors: Castellani Maria Elena , Anstöter Cate S. , Verlet Jan R. R.
Published: October 2019

A dipole-bound state is found to survive despite its disruption by an alkyl chain.
Photoswitching hydrazones based on benzoylpyridine
Authors: Mravec Bernard , Filo Juraj , Csicsai Klaudia , Garaj Vladimír , Kemka Miroslav , Marini Anna , Mantero Mariachiara , Bianco Andrea , Cigáň Marek
Published: October 2019

The photoswitching behaviour of three readily accesible benzoylpyridine hydrazones, whose photochromic properties depend on the benzoyl substituent and intermolecular interactions, was investigated.
Divergent excited state proton transfer reactions of bifunctional photoacids 1-ammonium-2-naphthol and 3-ammonium-2-naphthol in water and methanol
Authors: Nelson Kacie J. , Brown Paige J. , Rudel Holly E. , Takematsu Kana
Published: October 2019

Divergent multiple and solvent-dependent ESPT reactions of aminonaphthols
Mechanisms of alumina growth via atomic layer deposition on nickel oxide and metallic nickel surfaces
Authors: Ospina-Acevedo Francisco Alejandro , Perez Beltran Saul , Balbuena Perla B.
Published: October 2019

Decomposition of tri-methyl aluminum on catalyst surfaces leads to various products that are precursors of an alumina coating.
Impact of dissolved O2 on phenol oxidation by δ-MnO2
Authors: Hu Erdan , Pan Shangyue , Zhang Wenzhong , Zhao Xinglei , Liao Bang , He Feng
Published: October 2019

Dissolved O2 promoted the reoxidation of produced Mn(ii) to Mn(iii) and inhibited phenol oxidation on the δ-MnO2 surface.
On the application of bootstrapping to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data
Authors: Képeš Erik , Pořízka Pavel , Kaiser Jozef
Published: October 2019

The acquisition of single-shot spectra combined with bootstrapping provides superior spectral quality in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
Solid sampling: advantages and challenges for chemical element determination—a critical review
Authors: Machado Raquel C. , Andrade Daniel F. , Babos Diego V. , Castro Jeyne P. , Costa Vinicius C. , Sperança Marco Aurelio , Garcia José Augusto , Gamela Raimundo R. , Pereira-Filho Edenir R.
Published: October 2019

In recent decades, direct solid sample analysis has been reported in the literature as an alternative to traditional methods of sample preparation, becoming well established in the atomic spectrometry field.
The design and green synthesis of novel benzotriazoloquinolinyl spirooxindolopyrrolizidines: antimycobacterial and antiproliferative studies
Authors: Pogaku Vinay , Krishna Vagolu Siva , Balachandran Chandrasekar , Rangan Krishnan , Sriram Dharmarajan , Aoki Shin , Basavoju Srinivas
Published: October 2019

Herein, we report the design and synthesis of novel series of potent anti-TB and antiproliferative benzotriazoloquinolinyl spirooxindolopyrrolizidines via an expeditious green approach by using ionic liquid ([Bmim]BF4) under ultrasonication.
Selective detection and removal of mercury ions by dual-functionalized metal–organic frameworks: design-for-purpose
Authors: Esrafili Leili , Gharib Maniya , Morsali Ali
Published: October 2019

In this study, through introducing a new functional group into the structure, the performance and efficiency of MOFs as a sensor for heavy metal cations have been improved.
A naked-eye colorimetric sensor for methanol and ‘turn-on’ fluorescence detection of Al3+
Authors: Kumar Virendra , Kundu Subhankar , Sk Bahadur , Patra Abhijit
Published: October 2019

A multifunctional Schiff base compound, NRSB, having a rhodanine scaffold was fabricated by a simple and cost-effective protocol.
Rotational polarization nanotopologies in BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices
Authors: Estandía Saúl , Sánchez Florencio , Chisholm Matthew F. , Gázquez Jaume
Published: October 2019

Rotational polar textures in nominally tetragonal BaTiO3 were experimentally observed by STEM in BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices of appropriate periodicity (n).
Microstructural free volume and dynamics of cryoprotective DMSO–water mixtures at low DMSO concentration
Authors: Čechová Katarína , Maťko Igor , Rusnák Jaroslav , Švajdlenková Helena , Klbik Ivan , Lakota Ján , Šauša Ondrej
Published: October 2019

Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy reveals changes in the DMSO–water microstructure in low concentrations of DMSO (1.8%, 2.0% and 10% v/v) that have a great impact on the cryoprotective effect during the cryopreservation of cells.
All-polymer indoor photovoltaics with high open-circuit voltage
Authors: Ding Zicheng , Zhao Ruyan , Yu Yingjian , Liu Jun
Published: October 2019

An all-polymer photovoltaic cell shows an efficiency of 27.4% with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.16 V under indoor light illumination.
A highly durable textile-based sensor as a human-worn material interface for long-term multiple mechanical deformation sensing
Authors: Niu Ben , Hua Tao , Hu Haibo , Xu Bingang , Tian Xiao , Chan Kahei , Chen Shun
Published: October 2019

By applying mussel-inspired polydopamine, a super durable yarn-based strain sensor is developed, allowing it to be weaved into fabric to develop sensing fabrics worn on human body comfortably for long-term and multiple human motion detection.