bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk management and healthcare safety: Ten years of experience at the Vienna General Hospital
Authors: Marzi Leopold-Michael
Published: October 2018

We should use the word “Health Care Safety” instead of “Patient Safety,” because in cases of malpractice the people who are in charge of treatment of patients can be “second victims.” The typical damage case occurs to an above-average employee in a risk-prone discipline after working in the job for 20 years often between Friday afternoon and Sunday more often in the months of January, March or July due to a preceding communication error and a missing assertiveness of a person who is involved in the case. Very often, health professionals do not know how to react in case of malpractice or emergency from a legal point of view. The patient or his family contact a lawyer immediately, but who helps the health professionals to cope with the case? The Vienna General Hospital (VGH) is one of the biggest in the world. In 1999, the project “Risk Management” was initiated by the Legal Department. The aim at this time was: “Minus 50% concerning cases and more than 50% less costs in the next ten years (2000–2010).” In 2010, the aim was reached and the positive trend is still continuing, but how did it work? The VGH in cooperation with the Vienna Insurance Group created a complete new form of quick help in case of emergency: the so-called “Legal Emergency Kit.” It represents a handy plastic case on which a paragraph is stamped. A special checklist tells what to do in case of legal emergency. The legal practitioner of the VGH can be called at any time via mobile phone. The malpractice cases are analysed in a retrospective damage analysis, which helps to avoid errors and damages in the future.
Dual Epidural Catheter Therapy for Abdominal Surgery Pain: 2 Case Reports
Authors: Li Flora M. , Archibald Trefan B. , Bollag Laurent A.
Published: October 2018

Dual epidural catheter (DEC) therapy improves postoperative pain control in scoliosis correction surgery, esophagectomies, and labor. Reports about the use of a second epidural catheter to improve pain control after abdominal surgeries are sparse. We describe the successful use of unplanned DEC therapy in 2 complex pain patients who underwent large exploratory laparotomies. In both patients, the addition of the second catheter led to improved pain control and mobility and reduced side effects from adjuvant intravenous analgesics. DEC therapy merits consideration as an additional tool for managing postoperative pain after large abdominal surgeries despite existing incomplete epidural analgesia.
17-DMAG regulates p21 expression to induce chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Bertram Karri L. , Narendran Nadia , Tailor Pankaj , Jablonski Christina , Leonard Catherine , Irvine Edward , Hess Ricarda , Masson Anand O. , Abubacker Saleem , Rinker Kristina , Biernaskie Jeff , Yates Robin M. , Salo Paul , Narendran Aru , Krawetz Roman J.
Published: October 2018

Cartilage degeneration after injury affects a significant percentage of the population, including those that will go on to develop osteoarthritis (OA). Like humans, most mammals, including mice, are incapable of regenerating injured cartilage. Interestingly, it has previously been shown that p21 (Cdkn1a) knockout (p21−/−) mice demonstrate auricular (ear) cartilage regeneration. However, the loss of p21 expression is highly correlated with the development of numerous types of cancer and autoimmune diseases, limiting the therapeutic translation of these findings. Therefore, in this study, we employed a screening approach to identify an inhibitor (17-DMAG) that negatively regulates the expression of p21. We also validated that this compound can induce chondrogenesis in vitro (in adult mesenchymal stem cells) and in vivo (auricular cartilage injury model). Furthermore, our results suggest that 17-DMAG can induce the proliferation of terminally differentiated chondrocytes (in vitro and in vivo), while maintaining their chondrogenic phenotype. This study provides new insights into the regulation of chondrogenesis that might ultimately lead to new therapies for cartilage injury and/or OA.
White light emitting diode correlated colour temperature influence on image analysis in Sala mango quality
assessment
Authors: Chiong Wan , Omar Ahmad , MatJafri Mohd
Published: October 2018

Colour analysis is one of the common techniques used in assessing fruits quality, especially for types of fruit that
have a natural transformation in peel colour according to the stage of maturity and ripening. Imaging through RGB analysis
is a popular method employed in colour analysis of fruit. Colour observed by human or machine vision is highly depended
on ambient lighting, whether in its intensity or the hue of the white illumination source. Hence, the objective of this research
is to provide some brief experimental findings on the influence of light emitting diode correlated colour temperature in
transforming the colour perceived from the image of Sala mango and the RGB algorithm in predicting the fruits’ pH and
soluble solid content.
Frailty in older people: a principle-based concept analysis
Authors: Waldon Mandy
Published: October 2018

Frailty is a term that presents many difficulties for policy makers and clinicians due to the lack of consensus in defining frailty in a way that meets the needs of older people. A principle-based concept analysis was used to examine the scientific literature across four perspectives: medicine, nursing, social sciences, and occupational and physiotherapy. The purpose was to identify the conceptual components of frailty as revealed by analysis of the literature, and to develop a theoretical definition of frailty. The findings exposed commonalities in implied meanings both within and across perspectives. The strengths of frailty as a concept are revealed in the implications for clinical practice and relevance to health professionals. The limitations reflect a concept that is still evolving and further research is recommended but this should not stop health professionals engaging in this process. The definition developed in this study will enhance existing knowledge and promote a shared understanding to unite different disciplines in recognising frailty as an important concept.
Technology integrated health management for dementia
Authors: Rostill Helen , Nilforooshan Ramin , Morgan Amanda , Barnaghi Payam , Ream Emma , Chrysanthaki Theti
Published: October 2018

Pioneering advances have been made in Internet of Things technologies (IoT) in healthcare. This article describes the development and testing of a bespoke IoT system for dementia care. Technology integrated health management (TIHM) for dementia is part of the NHS England National Test Bed Programme and has involved trailing the deployment of network enabled devices combined with artificial intelligence to improve outcomes for people with dementia and their carers. TIHM uses machine learning and complex algorithms to detect and predict early signs of ill health. The premise is if changes in a person's health or routine can be identified early on, support can be targeted at the point of need to prevent the development of more serious complications.
Improved care and support for people in mental health crisis
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: October 2018

District nurses are increasingly required to manage the physical health needs of patients who misuse substances or have mental health problems. Some patients have a mental health crisis in the community and come to the attention of the police. Concern over the use of police powers to detain people in a mental health crisis and in particular the use police cells as a place of safety has led to changes in the law.

In this article the author updates district nurses on the amendments to police powers under the Mental Health Act 1983 introduced by the Policing and Crime Act 2017, part 4 chapter 4 designed to better manage those people experiencing a mental health crisis.
Assessment of fever in the returning traveller
Authors: Spencer Hannah , Ustianowski Andrew , Farooq Hamzah
Published: October 2018

Evaluation of people returning from trips abroad with fever is an important skill for all general physicians given the increasing trend in foreign travel. This evaluation should comprise a detailed travel history, thorough clinical examination, appropriate initial tests and a knowledge of when to ask for further advice. An understanding of the incubation periods of common imported infections and a syndromic approach to patients' symptoms is helpful in order to narrow down the likely diagnosis. The need to implement relevant infection control precautions has been highlighted by the recent Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Ebola virus disease outbreaks.
Understanding and interpreting funnel plots for the clinician
Authors: Godavitarne Charles , Robertson Alastair , Ricketts David M , Rogers Benedict A
Published: October 2018

Funnel plots are an increasingly common graphical tool which are widely used in the literature. They were first introduced by Light and Pillemer in 1984 . In scientific literature, funnel plots are used to identify the probability of bias in meta-analyses and compare institutional performance.

The ability to identify variation is better with graphical than tabular display. In addition, the way data are presented can directly influence the interpretation of results. This was demonstrated by Marshall et al (2004) , who presented institutional mortality data in both a league table and control chart format. This study illustrated that when displayed as a league table, a greater number of units were identified for investigation than were actually required. The use of control charts or funnel plots may therefore show benefit in reducing the number of inappropriately labelled outliers.

This article explains how clinicians should read and interpret funnel plots, and discusses their considerations and limitations.
Improving the quality of medical handover on a paediatric ward
Authors: Ahmed Molla I , Nirmal Neeraj , Al-Sabbagh Afraa , Aslam Mona
Published: October 2018

Improving communication between health-care professionals is essential for patient safety. This article outlines a quality improvement project carried out to improve the quality of medical handover on a paediatric ward. The project incorporated the use of the SBAR (situation, background, assessment, recommendation) tool and use of a job book to highlight outstanding jobs in the daily handover. The project showed an improvement in the quality of handover and highlighted that a standardized approach to medical handover helped to ensure continuity of care of paediatric patients.
Paramedic leaders: past, present and future
Authors: Layland Adam
Published: October 2018

In this article, Adam Layland, Registered Paramedic and Senior Lecturer in Leadership and Management from Coventry University, discusses the existing leadership in paramedic practice, and what elements are still needed.
HCPC: Reflecting the needs of contemporary practice
Authors: Timms Katherine
Published: October 2018

In this short comment marking the 10-year anniversary of Journal of Paramedic Practice, the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) offers its views on developments within paramedic practice and education.
A Larrey Society: needed now more than ever
Authors: Davis David
Published: October 2018

As part of marking the celebration of the last 10 years of paramedic practice, Larrey Society founder, David Davis, speaks up in this short article about the history of the now-defunct Larrey Society, and why its relaunch, against the background of the recent Carter Report on Ambulance Productivity, has never been more urgently needed.
A Guide to the Mental Capacity Act for Paramedics
Authors: Gaisford Matthew
Published: October 2018

The Mental Capacity Act 2005 is one of the key pieces of statutory legislation used in modern paramedic practice. To the unprepared, the Act can seem complex and daunting; but it is a powerful tool which helps paramedics to deal with often complex and challenging situations in a way which is both ethically and legally safe. What follows is a walk-through of the Act itself looking at the parts which are relevant to paramedic practice and discussing issues relating to them which, it is hoped, will enable paramedics and others involved in delivering pre-hospital emergency medical care to apply the Act with confidence in their practice.
Peripheral IV cannulation
Authors: Armstrong Kevin
Published: October 2018

In each issue, the paramedic education team at Edge Hill University focuses on the clinical skills carried out by paramedics on the frontline, highlighting the importance of these skills and how to perform them. In this instalment, Kevin Armstrong discusses peripheral intravenous cannulation
Blood sweat and tea: from pen to proposal
Authors: Chapman Eleanor
Published: October 2018

In this column, 3rd year student Eleanor Chapman reflects upon her experience of completing her research module and placement, and the value of crafting her proposal
The improvement journey
Authors: Donnison Liam
Published: October 2018

Peter Rubery took a leading role in supporting two struggling local schools to improve soon after he became the CEO of a new MAT. He shares his story with Liam Donnison
Raising aspirations
Authors: Bawden Matt
Published: October 2018

We cannot force aspiration onto students. This year in SecEd, Matt Bawden will be looking at how we can encourage aspiration naturally, and the role that character education can play
Ready for September 2019?
Authors: Rollett Stephen
Published: October 2018

What will Ofsted's new inspection framework mean for schools? Stephen Rollett looks at what we know so far…
The Application of Spatial Analysis and Time Series in Modeling the Frequency of Earthquake Events in Bengkulu Province
Authors: Faisal Fachri , Novianti Pepi , Rizal Jose
Published: October 2018

This study provides an overview in combining spatial analysis and time series analysis to model the frequency of earthquake. The aim of this research is to apply the spatial statistical analysis and time series analysis in estimating semivariogram parameters for the next four steps. The data in this study is secondary data that has been validated based on sources that publish parameters of earthquake events. Looking at the characteristics of the earthquake frequency frequency data, there are spatial and time elements. The method used in this research is interpolation kriging and Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model. The semivariogram models used in kriging interpolation are: Spherical, Exponential, Gaussian, and Linear. The parameters of the semivariogram model are modeled using ARMA time series analysis adjusted to the model diagnostic results. To measure of fit model is used Mean Square Error (MSE). The result of research is a suitable semivariogram model to be applied in the modeling of earthquake events is the Spherical model. While each parameter is estimated using ARMA model (2,2) with different coefficient estimation value.
Portable Thermoelectric Cooler Box Performance with Variation of Input Power and Cooling Load
Authors: Mainil Afdhal Kurniawan , Aziz Azridjal , Akmal M
Published: October 2018

The thermoelectric module is a device that works by using the Peltier effect when electrical power supplied on it. In this study, the thermoelectric module is applied as thermoelectric cooler (TEC) using air cooling heat sink where cooling box capacity is 22 L. This paper experimentally investigates the thermal performance of thermoelectric cooler with a variation on input power and cooling load. The investigation has been conducted by three variations on input power (50.5W, 72.72W and 113.64W) and by two variations of the cooling load using mineral water (1440 mL and 2880 mL) with input power 113.64W. The box temperature achieved at input power 50.5W, 72.72W and 113.64W are 19.98oC, 19.77oC and 18.52oC, respectively. While at the cooling load of 1440 mL and 2880 mL, the temperature achieved in the box are 22.45oC and 23.32oC, respectively. The test results showed that in variation on the input power from low to high, the temperature in box becomes lower on high input power and causes the lower of COP, this is because more energy could be absorbed on high input power. In the cooling load variation, the greater the cooling load given in cooling box, then the longer the box  temperature  stability can be achieved because of more energy needed for decreasing the temperature of cooling box.
Game on!
Authors: Rivera Errol Scott
Published: October 2018

Game on!: Gamification, gameful design, and the rise of the gamer educator, 2017, by Kevin Bell. Johns Hopkins University Press. 216 pages.
Pemodelan Keparahan Penyakit Blas pada Tanaman Padi di Kabupaten Subang
Authors: Zulaika Zulaika , Soekarno Bonny Poernomo , Nurmansyah Ali
Published: October 2018

Modelling on Rice Blast Disease Severity in Subang DistrictBlast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) is a major diseases of rice in Indonesia. Research related to modelling of  blast disease severity is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to design a statistical model on rice blast disease infestation on the rice paddy and to asses a correlation between the disease severity and infected seed level. The models were constructed based on multiple linier regression analyses. The study was conducted by observing the disease severity, collecting information about cultivation technique and weather conditions. The result of regression analysis showed severity modeling on influencing factors is Y = -67.17 + 5.51X1 – 10.54X2 + 13.26X3 + 8.51X4 + 2.29X5 + 1.32X6 + 8.47X7 + 0.31X8 + 4.53X9 (p-value <0.0001, R2 = 0.85). Nitrogen application and plant ages had significant effect on disease severity. The addition of N fertilizer increased the severity of blast disease by 8.47%. Increasing the daily life of plants increases the disease severity by 0.31%. The correlation (r) of pathogen infection after harvesting was strongly influenced by infection before planting with correlation value of 0.78. This means that the severity of seed disease after harvesting is influenced by 78% infection of pathogenic seed before planting. The result of regression analysis showed Y = 5.98 + 2.41X (p-value = 0.0076, R2 = 0.61). An increase of 1% pathogens carried by seed before planting will be increasing disease severity by 2.41% after harvesting. The results of this study can be used as a reference in preparing preventive control measure and reduce the risk of pathogen carried by seeds that act as a source of initial inoculum.
Rola Kaukazu Południowego w rosyjskiej strategii ekonomicznej na obszarze postradzieckim. Stan obecny i perspektywy
Authors: Murawski Antoni
Published: October 2018

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Problemy demograficzne Federacji Rosyjskiej i Ukrainy. Wybrane rozwiązania
Authors: Olszanecka Natalia
Published: October 2018

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Ukrainki w parlamencie II RP
Authors: Kupidura Julia
Published: October 2018

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The European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine syllabus for postgraduate education and training for Specialists in Laboratory Medicine: version 5 – 2018
Authors: Jassam Nuthar , Lake Jennifer , Dabrowska Milena , Queralto Jose , Rizos Demetrios , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Baum Hannsjörg , Ceriotti Ferruccio , O’Mullane John , Homšak Evgenija , Charilaou Charis , Ohlson Mats , Rako Ivana , Vitkus Dalius , Kovac Gustav , Verschuure Pauline , Racek Jaroslav , Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen , Wieringa Gilbert
Published: October 2018

Although laboratory medicine practise varies across the European Union’s (EU) member states, the extent of overlap in scope is such that a common syllabus describing the education and training associated with high-quality, specialist practise can be identified. In turn, such a syllabus can help define the common set of skills, knowledge and competence in a Common Training Framework (CTF) for non-medical Specialists in Laboratory Medicine under EU Directive 2013/55/EU (The recognition of Professional Qualifications). In meeting the requirements of the directive’s CTF patient safety is particularly enhanced when specialists seek to capitalise on opportunities for free professional migration across EU borders. In updating the fourth syllabus, the fifth expands on individual discipline requirements, new analytical techniques and use of statistics. An outline structure for a training programme is proposed together with expected responsibilities of trainees and trainers; reference is provided to a trainee’s log book. In updating the syllabus, it continues to support national programmes and the aims of EU Directive 2013/55/EU in providing safeguards to professional mobility across European borders at a time when the demand for highly qualified professionals is increasing in the face of a disparity in their distribution across Europe. In support of achieving a CTF, the syllabus represents EFLM’s position statement for the education and training that underpins the framework.
Quantification of slip planes in the stem wood ofEucalyptus grandis
Authors: Moulin Jordão Cabral , Lima José Tarcísio
Published: October 2018

The objective of this work was to analyze the natural occurrence of slip planes (SPs) inEucalyptus grandiswood fibers in terms of their characterization, distribution in the stem and associations with other wood characteristics. A 28-year-oldE. grandiswas studied, whose stems were sampled in the base-top direction. The longitudinal compressive stress regions (LCompSR, in the inner part of the stem) and longitudinal tensile stress region (LTensSR, in the outer parts of the stem) were separately considered. The following parameters were measured: microfibril angle (MFA), slip plane angle (SPA), number of SPs per millimeter (SP mm−1), slip plane index (SPI) and the relative abundance of SP in the fiber. The SPAs differ only slightly between LCompSR (76°) and LTensSR (77°). The base of the stem, which supports a larger mass, contains the most SPs and the number of SPs decreases from the base to the top. In the LCompSR, the SPI reduction was from 21 to 8%, and in the LTensSR, from 18 to 7%.
FAM134B promotes adipogenesis by increasing vesicular activity in porcine and 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Authors: Cai Min , Chen Jin , Yu Caihua , Xi Lingling , Jiang Qin , Wang Yizhen , Wang Xinxia
Published: October 2018

Family with sequence similarity 134, Member B (FAM134B), is a cis-Golgi transmembrane protein that is known to be necessary for the long-term survival of nociceptive and autonomic ganglion neurons. Recent work has shown that FAM134B plays a pivotal role in autophagy-mediated turnover of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, tumor inhibition and lipid homeostasis. In this study, we provide mechanistic links between FAM134B and ARF-related protein 1 (ARFRP1) and further show that FAM134B resides in the Golgi apparatus. Here, we found that FAM134B increased lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Transport vehicle number and ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family gene expression were also increased by FAM134B overexpression, suggesting that vesicular transport activity enhanced lipid accumulation. ARF-related protein 1 (ARFRP1) is a GTPase that promotes protein trafficking. We show that FAM134B regulates the expression of ARFRP1, and the knockdown of ARFRP1 abolishes enhancement on lipid accumulation caused by FAM134B. In addition, FAM134B upregulates the PAT family protein (PAT), which associates with the lipid droplets (LDs) surface and promotes lipolysis by recruiting adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL). These findings indicate that FAM134B promotes lipid accumulation and adipogenic differentiation by increasing vesicle transport activity in the Golgi apparatus and inhibiting the lipolysis of LDs.
Formylglycine-generating enzymes for site-specific bioconjugation
Authors: Krüger Tobias , Dierks Thomas , Sewald Norbert
Published: October 2018

Site-specific bioconjugation strategies offer many possibilities for directed protein modifications. Among the various enzyme-based conjugation protocols, formylglycine-generating enzymes allow to posttranslationally introduce the amino acid Cα-formylglycine (FGly) into recombinant proteins, starting from cysteine or serine residues within distinct consensus motifs. The aldehyde-bearing FGly-residue displays orthogonal reactivity to all other natural amino acids and can, therefore, be used for site-specific labeling reactions on protein scaffolds. In this review, the state of research on catalytic mechanisms and consensus motifs of different formylglycine-generating enzymes, as well as labeling strategies and applications of FGly-based bioconjugations are presented.
Message exchange on base of a blockchain-based layered architecture
Authors: Roth Uwe , Ngne Djoua Theophane
Published: October 2018

In this article, we propose an architecture that allows to exchange messages or data via a blockchain solution, while keeping the business process independent from the concrete blockchain. The project is the consequence of a need to have fast development of a blockchain based proof of concept that shows the feasibility of a business process, while knowing that in a future step the underlying blockchain solution has to be replaced for reasons of licensing or maximal data throughput. This is done by providing an architecture on base of layers, similar to the OSI-model, and encapsulates the used blockchain within a wrapper layer that covers all blockchain specific properties and only provides a transparent view on the reading or writing from and to the blockchain. The higher layers re-implement point-to-point communication and introduce confidentiality by the use of encryption techniques. The architecture has been tested and proven by implementing two different blockchain solutions that are shielded by specific wrapper layer implementations. This wrapper layer is responsible for the fragmentation of the sent data and their encapsulation into the concrete blockchain solution. The reconstruction of the data takes care of the data fragments being sent potentially out of order or being incomplete. A payload layer is introduced to provide point-to-point communication and to embed the main message inside a message structure. In collaboration with underlying layer it identifies for which message one is not the addressee and allow the underling layer to stop collecting unnecessary data. A crypto-layer finally provides ways of encrypting messages for one or many recipients. Having fixed layers not only allows to replace the underlying blockchain solution but also to extend or replace the other layers in case new security features or optimized protocols need to embedded. The proposed solution does not allow to use specific features like smart contracts and only provides undeniable tamper-proofed existence of a sent message.
The Berlin Big Data Center (BBDC)
Authors: Boden Christoph , Rabl Tilmann , Markl Volker
Published: October 2018

The last decade has been characterized by the collection and availability of unprecedented amounts of data due to rapidly decreasing storage costs and the omnipresence of sensors and data-producing global online-services. In order to process and analyze this data deluge, novel distributed data processing systems resting on the paradigm of data flow such as Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, or Apache Flink were built and have been scaled to tens of thousands of machines. However, writing efficient implementations of data analysis programs on these systems requires a deep understanding of systems programming, prohibiting large groups of data scientists and analysts from efficiently using this technology. In this article, we present some of the main achievements of the research carried out by the Berlin Big Data Cente (BBDC). We introduce the two domain-specific languages Emma and LARA, which are deeply embedded in Scala and enable declarative specification and the automatic parallelization of data analysis programs, the PEEL Framework for transparent and reproducible benchmark experiments of distributed data processing systems, approaches to foster the interpretability of machine learning models and finally provide an overview of the challenges to be addressed in the second phase of the BBDC.
Calculating Gross Hourly Wages – the (Structure of) Earnings Survey and the German Socio-Economic Panel in Comparison
Authors: Dütsch Matthias , Himmelreicher Ralf , Ohlert Clemens
Published: October 2018

The statutory minimum wage in Germany was set as an hourly wage. Thus, valid information on gross hourly wages must be calculated from monthly wages and weekly working hours. This paper compares the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and the (Structure of) Earnings Survey (SES/ES). The sampling and collection of data on employees in the household survey GSOEP, and on jobs in the administrative surveys SES/ES exhibit fundamental conceptual differences. Accordingly, there is variation in the definition of types of employment and in the distribution of the observed units regarding central characteristics. Monthly wages, weekly working hours and gross hourly wages differ especially in the lower range of the respective distribution. Against this backdrop specific implications can be derived for minimum wage research.
Crystal structure of (2E,4Z)-dimethyl 4-((phenylamino)methylene)pent-2-enedioate, C14H15N1O4
Authors: Chen Xiao-Ming , Zhang Xing-Yu , He Fu-Lin , Pan Jun , Jia Guo-Kai
Published: October 2018

C14H15N1O4, triclinic, P1̄, a = 8.2018(4) Å, b = 11.5512(5) Å, c = 14.4121(7) Å, α = 79.242(2)°, β = 78.647(3)°, γ = 85.496(3)°, V = 1313.93(11) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0548, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1805, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-(furan-2-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylic acid, C10H12O5
Authors: Yuan Lin , Yuan Xian-You , Li Zhong-Yan
Published: October 2018

C10H12O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.6706(16) Å, b = 32.091(9) Å, c = 6.5636(14) Å, β = 123.733(17)°, V = 993.3(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0359, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0893, T = 296(2) K.
Potential of hyperspectral imaging to detect and identify the impact of chemical warfare compounds on plant tissue
Authors: Kuska Matheus Thomas , Behmann Jan , Mahlein Anne-Katrin
Published: October 2018

The OPCW Member states cover 98% of the global population and landmass. Regrettably, unanticipated chemical warfare agent assaults are reported during the last decades. In addition to the frequent threat situation, the sampling of bio-medical samples from these areas is critical and mainly depends on investigation opportunities of victims. Non-contact sensor technologies are desirable to enable a fast and secure estimation of a situation. Plants react on pollution because of their direct interaction with gases and it is assumed that chemical warfare agents influence plants, respectively. This impact can be analyzed for the detection and characterization of chemical warfare assaults. Nowadays technological progress in digital technologies provides new innovations in detectors, data analysis approaches and software availability which could improve the screening, monitoring and analysis of chemical warfare. Within this context hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a promising method. Different applications from remote to close range sensing in medicine, food production, military, geography and agriculture do exist already. During the last years HSI showed high potential to determine and assess different plant parameters, e.g. abiotic and biotic stresses by recording the spectral reflectance of plants. Within the present manuscript, the basics principle of HSI as an innovative technique, aspects of recording and analyzing HSI data is presented using wild growing apple leaves which are treated with sulfuric acid, fire or heat. Resulting spectral signatures showed significant changes among the treatments. Especially the shortwave infrared was sensitive to changes due to the different treatments. Furthermore, the calculation of common spectral indices revealed differences due to the treatments which are not visible to the human eye. The results support HSI applications for the detection of chemical warfare agents and elucidate the impact of chemical warfare on plants.
Rats selectively bred for showing divergent behavioral traits in response to stress or novelty or spontaneous yawning with a divergent frequency show similar changes in sexual behavior: the role of dopamine
Authors: Melis Maria Rosaria , Sanna Fabrizio , Argiolas Antonio
Published: October 2018

Sexual behavior plays a fundamental role for reproduction in mammals and other animal species. It is characterized by an anticipatory and a consummatory phase, and several copulatory parameters have been identified in each phase, mainly in rats. Sexual behavior varies significantly across rats even when they are of the same strain and reared under identical conditions. This review shows that rats of the same strain selectively bred for showing a divergent behavioral trait when exposed to stress or novelty (i.e. Roman high and low avoidance rats, bred for their different avoidance response to the shuttle box, and high and low novelty exploration responders rats, bred for their different exploratory response to a novel environment) or a spontaneous behavior with divergent frequency (i.e. low and high yawning frequency rats, bred for their divergent yawning frequency) show similar differences in sexual behavior, mainly in copulatory pattern, but also in sexual motivation. As shown by behavioral pharmacology and intracerebral microdialysis experiments carried out mainly in Roman rats, these sexual differences may be due to a more robust dopaminergic tone present in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system of one of the two sub-lines (e.g. high avoidance, high novelty exploration, and low yawning rat sub-lines). Thus, differences in genotype and/or in prenatal/postnatal environment lead not only to individual differences in temperament and environmental/emotional reactivity but also in sexual behavior. Because of the highly conserved mechanisms controlling reproduction in mammals, this may occur not only in rats but also in humans.
“To Make the World One in Christ Jesus”
Authors: Campbell Gavin James
Published: October 2018

Scholarship on nineteenth-century missionary encounters emphasizes either how native converts “indigenized” Christian doctrine and practice, or how missionaries acted as agents of Western imperial expansion. These approaches, however, overlook the ways both missionaries and converts understood Protestant Christianity as a call to transnational community. This essay examines the ways that American Protestants and East Asian Christian converts looked for ways to build a transpacific communion. Despite radically different understandings of Christian scripture, and despite the geopolitics of empire, U.S. and East Asian Protestants nevertheless strove to bring together diverse theologies and experiences into a loosely defined, transnational Protestant community.
Parameter Optimisation in Vibration Assisted Turning of Ti6Al4V Alloy using ANOVA and Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Sivareddy D. Venkata , Krishna P. Vamsi , Gopal A. Venu , Prithvi Raz C. L.
Published: October 2018

The machining of Ti6Al4V alloy with vibration assisted turning (VAT) is an effective consideration to control the surface integrity of machined components. The effect of cutting and vibrating parameters in a VAT on cutting force, cutting temperature, equivalent stress and compressive maximum circumferential residual stress (MCRS) was studied in the present work. The parameter optimisation of a VAT of Ti6Al4V alloy was achieved with Taguchi based analysis of variance (ANOVA) and grey relational analysis (GRA). The input parameters considered for optimisation of VAT process are cutting speed, feed rate, frequency and amplitude. The finite element (FE) simulations were performed with commercial FE code, ABAQUS. The result shows that the vibrating parameters (frequency and amplitude) play a significant role than cutting parameters (speed and feed rate) in VAT process. The optimum condition for each output response was determined from ANOVA. The optimum condition obtained at 30 m/min of cutting speed, 150 μm of amplitude, 600 Hz of frequency and 0.05 mm/rev of feed rate for cutting force, cutting temperature and MCRS (compressive) while the optimum condition for equivalent stress is 30 m/min of cutting speed, 100 μm of amplitude, 600 Hz of frequency and 0.05 mm/rev of feed rate. The GRA suggests the combination of process parameters 30 m/min of cutting speed, 150 μm of amplitude, 600 Hz of frequency and 0.05 mm/rev of feed rate provides the optimum response.
Aeroacoustics Analysis of Globe Control Valves
Authors: Prakash A. S. , Ram K. S. , Kishore V. R.
Published: October 2018

Flow-induced noise in control valves is one of the greatest challenges faced by several industries and commonly used flow control device in process industries is globe control valves (GCV). In the present work numerical analysis was performed to study aeroacoustics of globe control valve. Axisymmetric globe control valve (2.54 cm) was analysed numerically using 2D large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model for different valve openings. The Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FWH) model was used to model the aero-acoustic. The fluid medium in the valve is air. It was observed that the sound pressure level (SPL) decreases with increase in the opening of the valve. The modification in the design of the control valve was considered to reduce SPL without affecting the inherent characteristic, flow coefficient (Cv). The design modifications in the control valve considered were chamfering the seat and filleting the plug of the valve. Out of these modifications, the 20° chamfer to the inlet side of seat gave the least sound pressure level for the various openings of the globe control valve.
The Relationship between Advanced Manufacturing Technologies and ISO 9001 Certified Enterprises of Mechanical Engineering and Metalworking in Latvia
Authors: Civcisa G.
Published: October 2018

In this study, the relationship between advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) and ISO 9001 certification was analyzed. The purpose was to examine the most used AMTs in enterprises of mechanical engineering and metalworking (MEM) sector in Latvia. A literature review was conducted first to determine what technologies are currently considered to be advanced in manufacturing. This article gives detailed information of six types of AMTs, which according to the survey are most frequently applied by MEM sector enterprises in Latvia. The information for this analysis is obtained from the database collected by the Latvian Association of Mechanical Engineering and Metalworking Industries (MASOC). Paper also presents the usage of these technologies by enterprise size class (micro, small, medium and large size). The results of the comparative analysis are discussed, taking into account ISO 9001 Quality Management System (QMS) certification and non-certification factor, respectively. The data sample is based on more than 100 enterprises from MEM sector where the use of AMTs was identified. The findings showed that the most often a computer numerical control (CNC) and computer-aided design (CAD) are used by enterprises of MEM in Latvia. The hypothesised relationship was supported by results which showed that in enterprises that do not have ISO 9001 certification CAD technologies are used in 13 % of cases, while enterprises with ISO 9001 in 20 % of cases, respectively. The CNC is used in 62 % of cases by enterprises without ISO 9001 and in 76 % of cases having ISO 9001 certificate. From above, it could be concluded that in enterprises in which a QMS certified according to the ISO 9001 is introduced, these two above mentioned technologies are used more frequently (7-8 % points more).
Transient Numerical Assessment of Race Car Dry-Sump Oil Under Extreme Maneuvers
Authors: F. Corzo Santiago , Ramajo D. E. , Nigro N. M.
Published: October 2018

A numerical assessment of a dry-sump oil system was performed by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Unlike conventional cars, race cars are subjected to high accelerations that induce oil sloshing. Hence, dry-sump oil systems are required to collect the oil outside of the engine prior to be pumped inside of it again. To avoid engine malfunctions, the dry-sump must guarantee continuously oil suction in every maneuver. To perform such simulations, the model was subjected to different car maneuvers extracted from data acquisition available from real race car. It has showed that single and combined maneuvers, such as acceleration, braking and turnings can induce downward, upward and lateral accelerations higher than 2 g during several seconds. Therefore, four different single maneuvers (acceleration, deceleration, turn right and turn left) as well as a set of contaminated maneuvers (braking and turning) were studied. Simulations were achieved by mean of the Volume of Fluid Method (VOF) for an air-oil system. The influence of the turbulence modeling was also investigated. First a forerunner design was analyzed and both the race car tests and CFD simulations showed that for the most extreme maneuvers (pure braking and combined with braking and turning right) the original design failed before the end of the maneuvers by air suction in the pump inlet. In consequence, the dry-sump was redesigned and assessed under these extreme conditions until to ensure stable oil aspiration.
A Novel Adaptive Neural MPPT Algorithm for Photovoltaic System
Authors: Allahyari S. A. , Taheri Nasser , Zadehbagheri M. , Rahimkhani Z.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a novel adaptive neural network (ANN) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) systems under variable working conditions. The ANN-based MPPT model includes two separate NNs for PV system identification and control. NNs are trained by using of a novel back propagation algorithm in pre/post control phases. Because of online optimal performance of NNs, the proposed method, not only overcome the common drawbacks of the conventional MPPT methods, but also gives a simple and a robust MPPT scheme. Simulation results, which carried on MATLAB, show that proposed controller is the most effective in comparison with conventional MPPT approaches.
Effect of Cerbera Manghas Biodiesel on Diesel Engine Performance
Authors: Anggono Willyanto , Noor M. M. , Suprianto F. D. , Lesmana L. A. , Gotama G. J. , Setiyawan A.
Published: October 2018

In order to reduce the use of fossil fuel without interfering the availability of food crop, Cerbera manghas biodiesel has been studied as potential renewable fuel. This study investigated Cerbera manghas biodiesel as a replacement for pure petro-diesel and palm oil biodiesel produced in Indonesia. The investigation result indicates that Cerbera manghas biodiesel fuel has a lower density, kinematic viscosity, sulfur content, color (lighter), water content, distillation point compared to pure petro-diesel and palm oil biodiesel. Higher flash point and cetane index value in Cerbera manghas biodiesel were also discovered. The study investigated further the effect of biodiesel derived from Cerbera manghas biodiesel compared with pure petro-diesel and palm oil biodiesel in a single cylinder diesel engine. The study suggested that Cerbera manghas biodiesel has better engine performance (fuel consumption, brake mean effective pressure, thermal efficiency, torque, and power) compared to pure petro-diesel and palm oil biodiesel. The utilization of Cerbera manghas biodiesel gave better engine performance output compared to pure petro-diesel and palm oil biodiesel. This study supported the viability of Cerbera manghas biodiesel to be implemented as an alternative diesel fuel without interfering food resources or requiring additional modification to the existing diesel engine.
Production of Karanja Methyl Ester from Crude Karanja Oil Using Meretrix Lyrata Synthesised Active CaO Catalyst
Authors: Harreh D. , Saleh A. A , Reddy A. N. R. , Hamdan S. , Charyulu K.
Published: October 2018

Active calcium oxide catalyst was synthesised from Meretrix Lyrata (M.Lyrata) following calcination-hydration-dehydration technique. The catalytic feasibility of synthesised CaO was investigated in the production of Karanja methyl ester (KME) from crude Karanja oil (CKO). KME was synthesised through esterification using followed by transesterification utilising CaO in a two-step reaction process of CKO and methanol. The M.Lyrata shells were calcined at 900 ℃ and the catalyst samples were characterised using FTIR, SEM, PSA, and BET-BJH spectrographic techniques. A maximum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion of 97.3 % was obtained at optimum reaction conditions including methanol-to-oil ratio of 12:1, catalyst concentration of 2 wt.%, reaction temperature of 58 ℃ and reaction time of 2 hrs. In a comparative study with commercial CaO, M.Lyrata showed a higher catalytic activity. The catalyst reusability experiments ascertaining reusability of CaO up to four reuse cycles had shown good efficiency. The economic comparative study confirms that CaO derived from M.Lyrata can be used as an alternative and feasible catalyst for biodiesel production. The KME fuel properties complied to EN-14214 biodiesel fuel standards.
Effect of Pentanol-Diesel Fuel Blends on Thermo-Physical Properties, Combustion Characteristics, Engine Performance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine
Authors: Abdullah Zuhaira , Suhaimi Hazrulzurina , Abdullah Adam , Taufik Mohd Firdaus , Mrwan Anes G.
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study is to analyse the effect of pentanol-diesel fuel blends on thermo-physical properties, combustion characteristics, engine performance, and emissions of a diesel engine. The experimental tests were performed using YANMAR TF120M single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine. The fuel tests were evaluated using 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % pentanol added onto diesel fuel (DF), denoted as PE5, PE10 and PE20, respectively, to produce pentanol-diesel fuel blends at a constant engine speed of 1800 rpm under various engine loads. Based on the results, thermo-physical properties show that the calorific value, density, and kinematic viscosity were reduced by 8.12 %, 1.2 %, and 12 % for PE20. In addition, at 25 % engine load, the in-cylinder pressure of PE5, PE10, and PE20, were reduced by 1.76 %, 3.43 %, and 6.54 %, respectively, compared to DF. Furthermore, maximum heat release rate of PE5, PE10, and PE20 were reduced by 6.74 %, 7.50 %, and 18.54 %, respectively, compared to DF at 25 % engine load. Moreover, at 25 % engine load, the brake specific fuel consumption of PE5 showed better performance result due to fuel consumptions usage being reduced by 20.83 %. Conversely, brake thermal efficiency increased by 11.2 %, at 25 % engine load for PE5. CO and CO2 emissions decreased by 9.99 % and 3.2 %, respectively, at 100 % engine load of PE20.
Performance Simulation Analysis for Magnetorheological Damper with Internal Meandering Flow Valve
Authors: Zainordin Ahmad Zaifazlin , Priyandoko Gigih , Mohamed Zamri
Published: October 2018

Magnetorheological (MR) damper as a semi-active system for a vehicle suspension is simulated in this study. The proposed design of Magnetorheological (MR) valve consists of meandering flow channel or gaps that fixed in the piston of the damper. The focus of this study is to estimate the performance of proposed MR valve based on actual front suspension parameter of a vehicle. Annular and radial gaps are combined to produce an MR valve with meandering fluid flow path. Furthermore, the damper is filled with Magnetorheological (MR) fluid to energize the damper under the presence of magnetic fields. The magnetic flux density within each gap is obtained via the Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) software. Therefore, the yield stress of MR fluid and magnetic flux relationships both can be predicted. The present paper shows a reduction in pressure drop when the thickness of each gap is increased. Pressure drop is closely affected by the fluid flow rate that enters each gap. This means that the lower flow rate increases the pressure drop of MR valve at various current.