bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clarification of problems in modern society in the processes of informatization and globalization
Authors: Ordenov Sergii , Polishchuk Oleksandr , Skyba Ivan , Shorina Tetiana
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the revealing of the negative side of the key processes (such as informatization and globalization) in contemporary society, leading to its problematization. The article is based on the structural and functional, socio-cultural, cultural and historical, and comparative approaches. It is argued that the processes of economization and informatization of relations overlap each other, causing a cumulative effect and reinforcing the negative side of the globalization. This exacerbates the anthropological crisis and causes a number of structural transformations in different spheres of social life: economy, science, education, politics, public administration, etc., by changing their social status towards asociality. Under these conditions, information and knowledge are used as tools to promote the ideology of neoliberalism, which is accompanied by the destruction of the principle of individual autonomy, and thus, leads to the deliberalization of society. Information and communication technologies themselves are becoming the means for the emergence of the new netocratic cyber-elite.
Innovation management strategy to promote the regional cooperation between China and Russia (case study of Moscow and Yiwu’s Cooperation)
Authors: Hu Guiyu , Fedorova Lidia , Huang Xiaoyan , Al Araimy Emaan , Al Araimy Khuloud
Published: May 2020

China and Russia are not only two major influential power in the world, but also the two largest economic transition countries. As a neighboring country, the cooperation of economic and trade between two sides not only has obvious geographical advantages, but highly complementary. With the in-depth cooperation in trade and economic of two countries,more and more direct cooperation between cities has taken place. In the past years, due to geographical advantages, the cooperation mostly took place in border cities, such as Heihe City and Blagovichensk City. With the new cooperation trend between China and Russia, more and more developed city of two countries begin to make cooperation, it’s a new cooperation phenomenon that different from previous cooperation between border cities. In the process of cooperation, there are advantages and mutual interests, as well as difficulties and conflicts. Therefore the management of the cooperation of these cities also need innovation method. Therefore, it is urgent to analyze the problems and make research in this field. The previous researcher mainly focus on the analysis of the cooperation and management strategy between border cities of two countries which has been fully studied. However, there is less even almost no research analysis the current new cooperation situation between the economic center cities of two countries, including the problems exiting, further cooperation analysis, and future development trend as well as innovation management method to well promote the cooperation of them.
Optimization of customs and tariff policy instruments in the system of import substitution in the agricultural sector
Authors: Kotenev Alexander , Ustinova Larisa , Zakharova Galina , Otarov Alim , Kryzhevskaya Natalya
Published: May 2020

In this research authors carried out economic and mathematical modeling of foreign trade activity in order to analyze an impact of applied tariff regulation measures on a level of state economic security taking into account its food component. By formalizing the Grossman-Helpman model, the specifics of interaction between consumers, producers and a state (as participants in the import substitution process) were assessed. The structural components of the model are implemented. A decentralized analysis of the regions was carried out. Algorithmic approaches to the development of regions are formulated. Thus, on the basis of the applied model, differentiation of the regions of the Southern Federal District and North Caucasian Federal District according to the level of import substitution potential, as well as fragmentation of the foreign trade policy applied by the state has been established.
Tax on excess profits from extraction of hydrocarbon feed as a completion tax maneuver in the oil and gas sector
Authors: Galina Semenova
Published: May 2020

The relevance of the paper is caused by the peculiarity of introducing a tax on excess profits from the extraction of hydrocarbon feed (hereinafter referred to as EPT), the calculation of tax taking into account the economics of developing hydrocarbon deposits for the entire investment period. The level of tax penalty depends on the profitability of each subsoil plot separately, which will allow the introduction of low-profitable hydrocarbon deposits containing hard-to-recover reserves into development. Nowadays, a differentiated approach is being applied to setting the mineral extraction tax (hereinafter - MET) for oil depending on geographic and climatic conditions, complexity of field development, physical and chemical properties of oil (arctic conditions, offshore projects, new and developed deposits, high viscosity oils, hard-to-recover reserves and others). The introduction of EPT is caused by the need to engage oil reserves, which are currently unprofitable under the existing tax system, in commercial development. The introduction of EPT will allow for an increase in tax revenues both from an increase in the total volume of oil production and through more equitable taxation of ultra-efficient projects.
Ho Chi Minh thought on solidarity and the social sustainable development in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Tuan Phong
Published: May 2020

The very humanistic thought is the foundation for Ho Chi Minh develops his thought on great solidarity. Great solidarity is to be built on the humanistic basis is the solidarity oriented to build a social life where the dignity of man is respected, a life without oppression, exploitation and discrimination. Thus, Ho Chi Minh's thought on solidarity serves as the basis to unite all the Vietnamese together in the fight to regain independence for the nation, bring freedom to all Vietnamese and open opportunities for all people to pursuit happy life. Following Ho Chi Minh on solidarity, we would like to argue in this paper that there exists an intimate relation between solidarity and social sustainability or social sustainable development, because the goal of building a Republic mastered by the people is the same as the goal of the cause of construction of a socialist society, which is a socially sustainable society. In other words, the goal of building and developing a socialist republic in Vietnam not only consists in creating a foundation for a wide solidarity of all strata of the people of Vietnam but also serves as a driving force encouraging all the people to participate and contribute to the national cause of development in order to achieve the noble goal of “the rich people, the strong country, the democratic, just, civilized society”. In this way, we can see the relation between social solidarity and social sustainable development in Vietnam.
The impact of Erasmus program on intercultural communication skills of students
Authors: Baranova Tatiana , Kobicheva Aleksandra , Tokareva Elena
Published: May 2020

In this paper we examine the development of students’ intercultural communication skills as a result of participation in the Erasmus Mobility Program. For the analysis both quantitative and qualitative methods are used. The results of survey show that students’ level of knowledge, skills and attitudes are much higher than before the program, especially in the skills category. According to the interview with students it can be concluded that students regard the experience of participating in the Erasmus Mobility program as positive primarily for learning a foreign language and developing cross-cultural communication skills. Thus it allows us to confirm the positive impact of Erasmus on intercultural communication skills of Russian students.
Specialists’ training by integration of the high school and business structures
Authors: Kobicheva Aleksandra , Safonova Anna
Published: May 2020

According to global trends, universities should now be responsible for training a new generation of researchers and highly qualified managers who are ready to implement innovative activities in the modern market economy. This article focuses on the problems of professionalization and training of a modern specialist through the integration of educational and business structures. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the importance of the interaction of universities with business structures as a factor contributing to the solution of these problems and improving the quality of higher education in general. The article provides examples of the interaction of the Higher School of Media Communications and Public Relations (SPbPU) with enterprises based on the implementation of project activities. We have analysed students 'essays regarding participation in this kind of project activity, reflecting positive and negative experiences and allowing us to assess the impact of project activity on students' professional skills. More than 71% of students noted the significant contribution of project activity to their creativity and professional skills, and thus confirmed the importance of the interaction of higher education with the business environment, primarily for the educational process.
Motivation of forming professional competences of students in the field of energy saving
Authors: Zolotukhina Yana , Makarova Tatyana , Dakhin Sergey , Prokshits Ekaterina
Published: May 2020

Now one of the most important factors of social and economic development of Russia is education that is dictated by shortcoming of competent professionals of the corresponding profile of society. Improvement of quality of training of students in the system of technical education in general and in the field of energy saving plays not the last role in strengthening of intellectual potential of the country. For increase in motivation of students several methods and the technician allowing to increase considerably the level of interest of students subject and field of activity have been analyzed and offered.
Efficiency Problem of renewable energetics systems in the context of «smart house» concept
Authors: Suleimenov Ibragim , Egemberdieva Zaure , Bakirov Akhat , Baipakbayeva Saltanat , Kopishev Eldar , Mun Grigoriy
Published: May 2020

Considering the question of efficiency of alternative energy systems, producing electricity from the position of interests of households it acquires an unexpected sound. The efficiency can be low (about 7-10%) providing that the heat released in converting is targeted i.e also used on the needs of households. In such an approach low efficiency becomes acceptable since the most part of energy usage in households is spent on systems using the heat (hot water supply etc.) even in the summer period. It is shown that converting of energy providing targeted heat dissipation can be provided by the phenomenon of generation of electromotive force by flowing of the low-speed, low-molecular salt current trough the polymeric sewed net; relevant experimental results are presented. Basing on the analysis of low-molecular ions currents balance by flowing of solution through the gel, the theory of the phenomenon is proposed. It is shown that the described phenomenon and based on its energy converting systems can be considered as an example illustrating the perspectivity of the new paradigm of green energetics development. Given paradigm is based on principles of technical and humanitarian knowledge convergence and is completely consistent with the conclusion that the environment-friendly technologies development is a technical and social issue at one time.
Development of an intelligent system of experimental control in the energy sector
Authors: Grigoreva Larisa , Grigoryev Vladimir
Published: May 2020

The article presents a completed project of an experimental control system in the energy sector. An intelligent experimental control system can be used at various types of power plants, including nuclear power units. The developed complex includes design schemes for operational monitoring and registration of rapidly changing neutron-physical and technological parameters of a nuclear power unit at the stages of commissioning of a power unit. Automated process control systems allow the collection and registration of analog parameters with a frequency of not more than 1 second, which is insufficient for correct calculations during neutron-physical experiments and power unit tests. The presented intelligent experimental control system allows the reception and registration of analog signals with a frequency of not more than 100 millisecond. A patented software implementation has been developed that provides unlimited possibilities for realizing customer requirements for operator functionality and interface, as well as the ability to avoid tight binding to specific hardware components.
Process modelling of seasonal hot water supply heliosystem
Authors: Umerenkov Yevgeniy , Umerenkova Elina , Pakhomova Ekaterina , Semicheva Natalia
Published: May 2020

A variant of the problem statement is proposed to develop an algorithm for calculating a solar collector of hot water supply for an individual dwelling. The purpose of the calculations is to determine the approximate values of the main characteristics of the heliosystem of hot water supply, which affect the technical and economic indicators of the system and determine the operating mode of the system, its comfort in use and maintenance.
Approximation of limit amplitude diagram for destructive elements of safety devices
Authors: Artiukh Viktor , Mazur Vladlen , Sahirov Yurii , Geraskin Yuri
Published: May 2020

The maximum stress of the cycle should be limited not by yield strength but by tensile strength of detail material intended to be destructed. Therefore, such widespread linear approximations of Haigh diagram and conditions of Soderberg and Serensen-Kinasoshvili are not applicable for such details. Safety factor of fatigue strength of safety devices destructive elements should not exceed 1.0. Therefore, it is undesirable to use modified condition of Goodman for destructive elements. Two new variants of linear approximation of Haigh limit amplitudes diagram were developed. Both variants have proven their efficiency in design and operation of safety devices with destructive elements in framework of laboratory ‘Protection of metallurgical machines from breakdowns’ of the Chief mechanic department of PJSC ‘ILYICH IRON AND STEEL WORKS’ (Mariupol city, Ukraine).
Application of lignin in production wood-polymer composites
Authors: Plotnikov Nikolay , Plotnikova Galina
Published: May 2020

The rational use of wood cannot be imagined without the use of synthetic resins and adhesives, on the basis of which all the main types of wood composite materials are made. The use of synthetic resins provides: production of high-quality glued products with an increased service life due to strength properties; reducing the material consumption of manufactured products and more complete use of low-grade raw materials; improve the fire, bio - and chemical resistance of manufactured materials. Due to the lower consumption of raw materials for the manufacture of glued parts, their cost is usually lower than that of solid wood parts. The international market of adhesives is represented by a wide range, in which 63% are synthetic adhesives. When wood is processed at pulp and paper enterprises, 40-50 million tons of alkaline lignin, 5 million tons of lignosulfonate, 3.5 million tons of technical hydrolytic lignin are produced annually in the world. In the future, the volume of industrial processing of wood will increase by 50-60% and therefore the issue of disposal of such waste is the most important task. Lignins in the form of various large- tonnage wastes are an environmental and technological problem for many chemical industry enterprises and adjacent residential areas.
Foreign and domestic expertise in strengthening concrete structures with carbon fiber
Authors: Topchiy Dmitriy , Safenkov Egor
Published: May 2020

Over the last 10-15 years, Russia has faced a significant increase in the scope of reconstruction work (including restoration and overhaul) for buildings of various purposes aiming to extend the life cycle of existing facilities and to bring buildings in line with requirements of modern regulatory documents in terms of strength and increase in their energy efficiency. Strengthening the building structures with composite materials is by far the most ‘gentle’ method of restoring building structures and improving their operational performance. At the same time, there is only a small number of publications generalizing this type of strenghtening in the domestic scientific and technical literature. During the operation of buildings and structures (especially industrial ones) numerous factors cause accelerated degradation in building structures. This phenomenon is particulary strong in reinforced concrete structures due to their composite base. Practice shows that corrosive damage is one of the main factors of intensive constuction degradation of reinforced concrete structures. Therefore, these damages are caused by manufacturing defects (reduction of concrete protective layer), loss of concrete-against-reinforcement protective properties due to carbonization or damage. Corrosive damage greatly reduces the life capability and durability of reinforced concrete structures, which in turn leads to a decrease in the safety of construction site operations.
Nuclear and radiological emergency management and preparedness
Authors: Rocchi Federico , Devol-Brown Isabelle , Raskob Wolfgang
Published: May 2020

Recent EURATOM research efforts on Emergency Preparedness and Response (EP&R) have been focussed on programs addressing some main knowledge gaps clearly identified in the outcomes of investigations carried out in Europe in response to the Fukushima accident. The PREPARE and FASTNET projects tried to solve similar problems adopting very complementary and synergic approaches. The main achievements of both projects are detailed in this paper. In particular, the problem of the fast estimation of time-dependent, long-lasting Source Terms is discussed. This problem is not only a technical one, but is also related to the experience and skill of the code users. As the EP&R is spanning a wide range in Europe, certainly far beyond the borders of individual states, it is mandatory creating a common and shared understanding of emergencies. Both PREPARE and FASTNET recognized the fundamental role of exercises to increase the experience of emergency responders in Europe. A general recommendation can then be formulated, in that more efforts should be dedicated in the future to the realization of such important exercises.
Innovative and safe supply of fuels for reactors
Authors: Valance Stéphane , Baumeister Bruno , Petry Winfried , Höglund Jan
Published: May 2020

Within the Euratom research and training program 2014–2018, three projects aiming at securing the fuel supply for European power and research reactors have been funded. Those three projects address the potential weaknesses – supplier diversity, provision of enriched fissile material – associated with the furbishing of nuclear fuels. First, the ESSANUF project, now terminated, resulted in the design and licensing of a fuel element for VVER-440 nuclear power plant manufactured by Westinghouse. The HERACLES-CP project aimed at preparing the conversion of high performance research reactor to low enriched uranium fuels by exploring fuels based on uranium-molybdenium. Finally, the LEU-FOREvER pursues the work initiated in HERACLES-CP, completing it by an exploration of the high-density silicide fuels, and including the diversification of fuel supplier for soviet designed European medium power research reactor. This paper describes the projects goals, structure and their achievements.
Education, training and mobility: towards a common effort to assure a future workforce in Europe and abroad
Authors: Ambrosini Walter , Lo Frano Rosa , Cizelj Leon , Dieguez-Porras Pedro , Urbonavicius Egidijus , Cvetkov Iskren , Diaconu Daniela , Kloosterman Jan Leen , Konings Rudy J.M.
Published: May 2020

The paper highlights the main features of some Euratom projects, which have been running recently in support to education, training and mobility in the nuclear fields. The described projects address various critical aspects of nuclear knowledge management, aiming at maintaining the wealth of nuclear expertise in Europe in an environment characterised by decreased attractiveness of nuclear careers. In an effort to broaden the cooperation and to further extend the opportunities for mobility, some projects ran in parallel with similar initiatives undertaken beyond the European borders. The lesson learnt in terms of successes achieved and critical aspects revealed by the different actions are finally discussed also considering recent recommendations and assessed scenarios by the European Commission for the decarbonisation of the energy sector.
Infrastructure and international cooperation in research and knowledge transfer: supporting access to key infrastructures and pan-European research − lessons learned
Authors: Fazio Concetta , Nilsson Karl-Fredrik , Manara Dario , Plompen Arjan , Bucalossi Andrea , Bourg Stéphane , Bosch Rik-Wouter , Bouchter Jean-Claude , Ambrosini Walter , Lo Frano Rosa , Cizelj Leon , Dieguez Pedro
Published: May 2020

Access to research infrastructures has been supported by the European Commission under different financial schemes. During the 6th EURATOM Framework Programme the instrument introduced by the European Commission were the Integrated Infrastructure Initiatives (I-3). Moreover, funding schemes to support Education and Training for students and professional developments were defined also. The main difference between these two funding schemes is that I-3 are topic-driven projects with access to infrastructure components, while the Education and Training related projects have a mobility component that is applied for the different research topics. The outcome of projects as TALISMAN (I-3), EFNUDAT/NUDAME (I-3), GENTLE (mobility), ENEN-plus (mobility), NUGENIA-plus (mobility within TA of NUGENIA) and ESNII-plus (I-3 similar) will be shortly presented as well as the future European Commission plans in the field of access to research infrastructure.
Euratom Research and Training in 2019: challenges, achievements and future perspectives
Authors: Garbil Roger , Davies Christophe , Diaconu Daniela
Published: May 2020

The development and safe operation of nuclear installations in Europe is of vital importance for the future of nuclear energy. Helping to ensure the safe operation of nuclear power has always been one of the top priorities of Euratom Research Framework Programmes. With the incentives of Horizon 2020, further integration towards an EU/Euratom Research Area was achieved, better prioritisation at European and International levels based on updates of Research and Innovation agendas or deployment strategies, capitalisation of European Technology platforms and enhanced cooperation with International Organisations or Fora effectively happened. Evolutions towards European Joint Programmes together with EU/Euratom Member States, confirm that research and innovation programmes successfully benefit from a truly added value of a concerted European approach in nuclear safety research and training advocated by the European Commission and EU/Euratom Member States.
Needs of countries with longer timescale for deep geological repository implementation
Authors: Nős Bálint
Published: May 2020

Countries operating nuclear power plants have to deal with the tasks connected to spent fuel and high-level radioactive waste management. There is international consensus that, at this time, deep geological disposal represents the safest and most sustainable option as the end point of the management of high-level waste and spent fuel considered as waste. There are countries with longer timescale for deep geological repository (DGR) implementation, meaning that the planned date of commissioning of their respective DGRs is around 2060. For these countries cooperation, knowledge transfer, participation in RD&D programmes (like EURAD) and adaptation of good international practice could help in implementing their own programmes. In the paper the challenges and needs of a country with longer implementation timescale for DGR will be introduced through the example of Hungary.
EURAD − the European Joint Programme for research on radioactive waste management between EU members states national programmes
Authors: Garcia Marie , Beattie Tara , Schumacher Stéphan
Published: May 2020

For more than 40 years, considerable scientific and technical knowledge has been acquired in Europe in the field of radioactive waste management, both for near-surface disposal and geological disposal. RD&D will continue to be necessary to develop, maintain and consolidate knowledge throughout the stepwise development, operation and closure of disposal facilities, which will be spread over many decades and make this knowledge available to all end users. Recently, the EC has promoted a step-change in pan-European research cooperation between EU Member States' national programmes by promoting the setting-up of inclusive research joint programmes in Europe gathering those organisations with scientific and technical responsibilities and a national mandate for research in radioactive waste management. Based on the positive achievement of the JOPRAD project (2015–2017), the EC confirmed in 2017 its willingness to co-fund such a Joint Programme in the field of RWM. The RWM community therefore pursued the efforts to establish the Founding Documents (Vision, Strategic Research Agenda, Roadmap, Deployment) and a Work Plan for a first implementation phase of 5-years (2019–2024). In June 2019 the Joint Programme − EURAD − was accepted by the European Commission.
A multi-scale model quantifies the impact of limited movement of the population and mandatory wearing of face masks in containing the COVID-19 epidemic in Morocco
Authors: Bouchnita Anass , Jebrane Aissam
Published: May 2020

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and caused a serious threat to global public health. In Morocco, the first confirmed COVID-19 case was reported on March 2, 2020. Since then, several non-pharmaceutical interventions were used to slow down the spread of the disease. In this work, we use a previously developed multi-scale model of COVID-19 transmission dynamics to quantify the effects of restricting population movement and wearing face masks on disease spread in Morocco. In this model, individuals are represented as agents that move, become infected, transmit the disease, develop symptoms, go into quarantine, die by the disease, or become immunized. We describe the movement of agents using a social force model and we consider both modes of direct and indirect transmission. We use the model to simulate the impact of restricting the movement of the population movement and mandating the wearing of masks on the spread of COVID-19. The model predicts that adopting these two measures would reduce the total number of cases by 64%. Furthermore, the relative incidence of indirect transmission increases when control measures are adopted.
Measuring the productivity growth and quality changes of teaching and non-teaching hospitals in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Kuan-Chen , Lin Chung-I , Hsiao Yu-Jen
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study was to compare productivity growth and quality changes in teaching and non-teaching hospitals in Taiwan using a quality-based Malmquist productivity index under a metafrontier framework. Researchers have argued that teaching hospitals are more costly than non-teaching hospitals. Whether Taiwanese teaching hospitals operate with higher productivity than non-teaching hospitals is important to determine given increasing financial pressure on hospitals. The results of this study show that, among the Taiwanese teaching and non-teaching hospitals in the study sample, both types of institutions increased in productivity and improved in quality from 2008 to 2014. However, non-teaching hospitals saw much greater positive developments in productivity and quality than teaching hospitals. Therefore, additional teaching and research duties may influence the performance of teaching hospitals in provision of direct patient care.
Diagnostik und Therapie des hepatozellulären Karzinoms
Authors: Kaufmann Benedikt , Bauer Ulrike , Ehmer Ursula , Geisler Fabian , Geith Tobias , Braren Rickmer , Paprottka Philipp , Hüser Norbert , Hartmann Daniel
Published: May 2020

Trotz großer Fortschritte in der Diagnostik sowie der systemischen und chirurgischen Therapie belegt das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) den vierten Platz unter den tumorassoziierten Todesfällen. Der diagnostische Stellenwert der Ultraschalluntersuchung der Leber besteht in erster Linie in der HCC-Früherkennung bei Risikopatienten. Die histologische Sicherung eines HCCs ist in der nicht-zirrhotischen Leber bzw. im Falle unklarer Bildgebungsbefunde erforderlich. Die Computertomographie (CT) ermöglicht im Vergleich zur Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) eine schnelle Untersuchung. Es sind Anzahl, Lokalisation und Größe der Tumorknoten sowie deren Bezug zu Pfortader und Lebervenen zu beschreiben. Die prätherapeutische Planung erfordert eine exakte Segmentzuordnung. Die Therapie des hepatozellulären Karzinoms ist abhängig vom Stadium der Tumorerkrankung. In Europa und den USA sind die BCLC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer)-Kriterien für die Stadieneinteilung etabliert. Der operative Eingriff wird vor dem Hintergrund patientenspezifischer, klinischer Gesichtspunkte sowohl durch den Grad einer vorliegenden Leberzirrhose als auch durch das Stadium der Tumorerkrankung bestimmt. Grundsätzlich besteht für das HCC neben der Resektion auch die Möglichkeit einer Lebertransplantation. Im fortgeschritten HCC (BCLC C) mit Gefäßeinbruch des Tumors oder Metastasierung besteht die Indikation zur systemischen Tumortherapie. Bis heute sind Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren beim fortgeschrittenen HCC (BCLC C) sowie im intermediären Stadium nach Progress unter lokoregionärer Therapie die einzig zugelassenen Erst- und Zweitlinientherapeutika in Europa. Der VEGFR2 Antikörper Ramucirumab ist das erste Präparat für eine individualisierte, Biomarker-abhängige Tumortherapie beim HCC. Große Hoffnung für die Therapie des HCCs liegt in der Immuntherapie mittels Checkpoint-Inhibitoren.
Facetten des Arzt-Patienten-Gesprächs in der Urologischen Praxis – Handlungsempfehlungen aus der Psychoonkologie
Authors: Hilger Caren , Kendel Friederike
Published: May 2020

Tumorerkrankungen werden von vielschichtigen Ängsten und psychischen Belastungen begleitet, mit denen der behandelnde Urologe konfrontiert wird. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet Facetten des Arzt-Patienten-Gesprächs aus einer psychoonkologischen Perspektive. Dazu gehören die Risikowahrnehmung, subjektive Krankheitsvorstellungen, Lebensstiländerungen, Sexualität und ganz zentral der Umgang mit der Angst. Auf der Grundlage von neueren Forschungsergebnissen werden Anregungen für die Gesprächsführung gegeben. Der Beitrag zeigt aber auch Grenzen des Arzt-Patienten-Gesprächs. Eine professionelle psychoonkologische Unterstützung ist indiziert, wenn durch die Krebserkrankung psychische Krisen ausgelöst oder tieferliegende Konflikte wieder aktiviert werden. Sie kann auch hilfreich sein, wenn manche Probleme einfach mehr Zeit und Ruhe erfordern, als im Praxisalltag verfügbar ist. Deshalb erfolgt abschließend ein Überblick über weiterführende psychoonkologische Interventionen und Unterstützungsangebote für Krebspatienten.
Pathophysiologie des Gilles-de-la-Tourette-Syndroms
Authors: Kleimaker Maximilian , Beste Christian , Münchau Alexander Maximilian , Kleimaker Alexander
Published: May 2020

Beim Gilles-de-la-Tourette-Syndrom (GTS) handelt es sich um eine häufige facettenreiche, typischerweise im Kindes- oder Jugendalter beginnende neuropsychiatrische Erkrankung. Die Pathophysiologie ist nicht sicher geklärt. Eine wichtige Rolle scheinen die Basalganglien und kortiko-striato-thalamo-kortikale Regelkreise einzunehmen. Eine der konstantesten Veränderungen stellt eine diskrete Volumenreduktion des Striatums bei Kindern dar. Auch konnten Veränderungen im Bereich der weißen Substanz innerhalb dieses Regelkreises nachgewiesen werden. Auf kortikaler Ebene wurden Veränderungen im Bereich des sensomotorischen und präfrontalen Kortex, der supplementär motorischen Region und des inferioren parietalen Kortex (BA 40) beschrieben. Auf biochemischer Ebene zeigt sich vor allem eine erhöhte dopaminerge Transmission. Auch Serotonin scheint durch den Wegfall Dopamin hemmender Effekte eine Rolle zu spielen. Kognitionspsychologische bzw. wahrnehmungspsychologische Ansätze gingen zunächst von einer gestörten inhibitorischen Kontrolle aus.

Aufgrund uneinheitlicher Ergebnisse wird eher eine Interferenz mit Kompensationsmechanismen zur Tic-Kontrolle vermutet. Auch zeigen sich Veränderungen der interozeptiven Wahrnehmung. Allerdings ist unsicher, ob diese ursächlich sind oder eine sekundäre Veränderung des GTS darstellen. Einer der aktuellsten Ansätze stützt sich auf die „Theory of Event Coding“, welche besagt, dass sowohl Wahrnehmungen als auch Handlungen gemeinsam in „event files“ gespeichert werden und in enger Verbindung stehen. Es gibt erste experimentelle Hinweise, dass bei Patienten mit einem GTS die Kopplung zwischen Wahrnehmung und Handlung besonders stark ausgeprägt ist und Tics aufgrund dieser starken Bindung durch verschiedene Stimuli ausgelöst werden könnten.
Pharmakologische Behandlung von Tics
Authors: Roessner Veit , Beste Christian
Published: May 2020

Das Gilles-de-la-Tourette-Syndrom (GTS) ist eine facettenreiche neuropsychiatrische Erkrankung. Die pharmakologische Therapie des Tourette-Syndroms ist sehr vielschichtig. Im vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel werden wesentliche Formen der pharmakologischen Therapie in praxisrelevanter Form dargestellt und Indikationen für eine pharmakologische Behandlung beim Tourette-Syndrom diskutiert. Nur bei ausreichend lange vorhandenen, beeinträchtigenden Tics sollte der Einsatz von Medikamenten überlegt werden, da nach heutigem Wissensstand eine pharmakologische Behandlung von Tics diese zwar lindert, aber keinen Einfluss auf die Ursachen und den Verlauf nimmt.
Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: May 2020

Im Vergleich zu einer Photonenbestrahlung ermöglicht die Bestrahlung mit Protonen eine hohe konformale Dosisabdeckung unter besserer Schonung des umliegenden Gewebes. Eine Hypofraktionierung soll die Dosis im Zielgebiet weiter erhöhen. In einer schwedischen Studie erhielten 504 Patienten mit lokal begrenztem Prostatakarzinom vor der Photonentherapie einen moderat hypofraktionierten Protonen-Boost. Die Langzeit-Ergebnisse dieses Therapieprotokolls wurden verglichen mit den Ergebnissen anderer Studien mit reiner Photonenbestrahlung.
Kolonkarzinom Stadium II/III
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: May 2020

Die internationale IDEA-Gruppe (International Duration Evaluation of Adjuvant Therapy) plädiert für eine Verkürzung der adjuvanten Chemotherapie bei Patienten mit einem Kolonkarzinom im Stadium III. In einem systematischen Review und einer Metaanalyse wurde jetzt die Assoziation zwischen der Dauer einer nicht-5-FU-haltigen adjuvanten Chemotherapie und dem Überleben bei Patienten mit einem kolorektalen Karzinom Stadium II und III untersucht. In der Auswertung war die 3-monatige Chemotherapie der 6-monatigen postoperativen Behandlung hinsichtlich des krankheitsfreien Überlebens nicht unterlegen. Dies galt nicht für alle Subgruppen oder Monotherapien. Die aktuelle Zusammenfassung bestätigte die IDEA-Resultate für die Kombinationsprotokolle.
Pankreaskarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: May 2020

Zu den Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung eines Pankreaskarzinoms gehören neben dem Rauchen, Übergewicht, Diabetes mellitus, der Blutgruppe (nicht Null) und einer Pankreatitis auch spezifische erbliche Faktoren. Beim Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium (ASCO GI) ging Dr. Sapna Syngal, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (USA), auf die genetische Prädisposition und Möglichkeiten der Surveillance von genetisch bedingten Risikogruppen ein.
Rezidiviertes Mammakarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: May 2020

Etwa eine von 10 Frauen erleidet nach der Lumpektomie und Bestrahlung eines Mammakarzinoms ein ipsilaterales Rezidiv. Die Standardtherapie besteht in der Mastektomie. Da die Rezidivtumoren oft klein sind, wird zunehmend auch für dieses Szenario ein brusterhaltendes Vorgehen diskutiert. Die erneute Lumpektomie und partielle Bestrahlung (PBrI) hatte in 2 Studien eine hohe Wirksamkeit bei vertretbarer Toxizität.
Ortho-Directed Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C–H Functionalization of 3-Picolinyl- and 3-(2-Cyanoethyl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones with Aryl Halides
Authors: Baudequin Christine , Bischoff Laurent , Hoarau Christophe , Ruiz Sandra Collado , Muselli Mickaël , Frippiat Steven , Diallo Thierno Mamoudou , Mohamed-Cherif Anissa , Levacher Vincent
Published: May 2020

The ortho-directed palladium-catalyzed direct C–H arylation of 3-picolinylpyrimidin-4-one was achieved by using various aryl halides. The method was extended to C–H arylation of pyrimidin-4-ones containing a methoxy group and an aryl group at the C5 site. The 2-cyanoethyl substituent was also evaluated as an ortho-directing group. The method gives access to novel N-substituted 2-aryl or 2,5-diaryl pyrimidin-4-ones. A standard three-step deprotection sequence for the picolinyl group was also studied.
Comparison of Reoperation after Fusion and after Decompression for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Single-Center Experience of 987 Cases
Authors: Kim Seung-Kook , Park Seoung-woo , Lim Byun-chul , Lee Su-Chan
Published: May 2020

Background and Study Aim Reoperation for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is technically challenging. Studies comparing preoperative risk factors and reoperation outcomes between spinal fusion and spinal decompression are limited. Thus this study compared fusion and decompression with respect to reoperation rates, preoperative factors related to re-surgery, and clinical outcomes.

Patients and Methods This retrospective cohort study included prospectively collected data from patients who underwent revision surgeries for degenerative LSS between May 2001 and March 2015. The reoperation rate, risk factors (proportional hazards analysis of index surgery), surgery type, main reason for revision, and final clinical outcomes (pain, quality-of-life modification, patient satisfaction, and complication rate) were analyzed and compared between the fusion and decompression surgeries.

Results Among 987 cases during 13 years, 25 cases of reoperation after fusion and 23 cases of reoperation after decompression were identified, accounting for reoperation rates of 5.88% and 4.00%, respectively. Combined comorbidities (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.98 for fusion; multilevel involvement [with fusion, HR: 2.92; decompression, HR: 1.95]) were strongly correlated with preoperative demographic risk factor for each procedure. The main reason for reoperation in fusion cases was proximal junctional kyphosis (40%) and implant failure (20%), and in decompression cases, recurrent lesions (48.8%) and incomplete surgery (17.4%) An additional fusion after initial fusion and re-decompression without fusion after initial decompression were the most common surgical procedure. Back pain and patient satisfaction after fusion were better compared with those after decompression.

Conclusion The reoperation rate, preoperative risk factors, reason for revision, reoperation type, clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and time interval between index and re-surgery were different between the primary fusion and primary decompression. A better understanding of disease pathophysiology and surgical procedure characteristics will facilitate improvement in disease management and the development of treatment strategies.
Cilostazol for Chinese Patients with Aspirin Intolerance after Coronary Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Dai Chunfeng , Chen Zhangwei , Fu Jiayu , Qian Juying , Ge Junbo
Published: May 2020

Background Cilostazol-based dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is widely used in patients with aspirin intolerance after coronary drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in China. However, this empirical strategy is not recommended or even mentioned in Chinese or international guidelines due to a lack of evidence from large-scale studies. We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of cilostazol-based DAPT in this special population.

Methods In this cohort study, patients were grouped according to the DAPT strategy that they received after coronary DES implantation. The primary efficacy endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). Angiographic follow-up and major bleeding events were also recorded.

Results A total of 918 patients receiving cilostazol-based DAPT due to aspirin intolerance were enrolled, matched with 918 patients receiving aspirin-based DAPT. After 15-month prospective follow-up, the cilostazol group had lower risk of MACCE (5.1% vs. 7.6%, propensity score adjusted hazard ratio = 0.671 [95% confidence interval 0.462–0.974], p = 0.036) compared with the aspirin group. Lower rate of coronary lesion progression was also found through follow-up angiography in the cilostazol group (17.4% vs. 23.6%, p = 0.022), especially in nontarget lesions (12.1% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.019). The two groups had the same risk of major bleeding events (0.8% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.364).

Conclusion In the current study, cilostazol is a good substitute for aspirin in patients who have aspirin intolerance but need DAPT after coronary DES implantation in China. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials were still required to further confirm its efficacy and safety.
Is Magnetic Resonance Imaging Superior to Conventional Radiography in Neonates with Anorectal Malformation?
Authors: Chowdhary Sarita , Kumar Dinesh , Sharma Shyamendra Pratap , Sharma S. P. , Panigrahi Pranay
Published: May 2020

Introduction

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neonates with anorectal malformation (ARM).

Materials and Methods

Newborns, referred to Pediatric Surgical Ward through General Surgery Outpatient Department and Emergency Department of Sir Sunderlal Hospital as a case of ARM, were included in the study. Unstable patients requiring urgent primary colostomy were excluded from the study. Forty neonates with ARM and 20 neonates having no ARM were included in the study (2 years, i.e., conducted between September 2018 and July 2020). The included patients were evaluated clinically and were subjected to an invertogram (after 24 hours of delivery), which is conventional radiography. Further, MRI was performed using 1.5 T superconductive system; 5 to 6 mm contiguous sections were obtained using a head or a body coil according to the size of the infant patient to obtain images with sharp anatomical detail: Sagittal, coronal, and axial conventional spin-echo T1-weighted images of the pelvic region were obtained in all patients, with perpendicular coronal plane and the axial plane parallel to pelvic floor.

Results

The majority of patients (60%) were referred on day 3 of birth and rest were referred after 3 days of birth. Conventional radiography, that is, invertogram was done in all study population. Sixty per cent of the total included patients had supralevator location of rectal pouch. Conventional radiography was detected to be low type of ARM—all had infralevator position of rectal pouch in MRI, but 60% of the intermediate had supralevator level and all high abnormalities had supralevator level. These distribution anomalies were statistically significant. The levator ani length index and external anal sphincter length index were also compared and found to be thickest in intermediate type, thick in low types, and thin in high type of abnormalities, which is an added advantage of MRI over radiography.

Conclusion

Preoperative assessment of ARM with MRI gives useful information regarding type of malformation as well as sphincter muscle and associated malformations. Large sample size was needed for future landmark in the field of ARM.
Joule self-heating effects and controlling oxygen vacancy in La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 ultrathin films with nano-sized labyrinth morphology
Authors: Lin Guankai , Wang Haoru , Cai Xuhui , Tong Wei , Zhu Hong
Published: May 2020

Electric current induced Joule heating effects have been investigated in La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 ultrathin films deposited on a LaAlO3(001) single crystal substrate with a smaller lattice constant by using the sol–gel method. By applying moderate bias currents (∼10 mA), it is found that Joule self-heating simply gives rise to a temperature deviation between the thermostat and the test sample, but the intrinsic ρ(T) relationship measured at a low current (0.1 mA) changes a little. However, it is noteworthy that the low-temperature transport behavior degrades from the metallic to the insulating state after applying higher bias currents (>31 mA) in vacuum. Furthermore, the metallic transport can be recovered by placing the degraded film in air. The results clearly suggest that the oxygen vacancy in the La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 films is controllable in different atmospheres, particularly with the aid of the Joule self-heating. According to the SEM images, we attribute the controlled oxygen vacancy to the nano-sized labyrinth pattern of the films, where the large surface-to-volume ratio plays a crucial role.
Wild-born versus captive-bred: a comparison of survival and refuge selection by translocated numbats (Myrmecobius fasciatus)
Authors: Palmer Nicola , Smith Michael J. , Ruykys Laura , Jackson Chantelle , Volck Georgia , Riessen Noel , Thomasz Adele , Moir Carly , Palmer Bryony
Published: May 2020

Abstract
ContextTo re-establish a population of the threatened numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus) in a newly created safe haven at Mount Gibson Wildlife Sanctuary, in the semi-arid zone of Western Australia, wild-born and captive-bred individuals of both sexes were translocated.
AimTo compare: (1) the use of refuges by wild-born numbats pre- and post-translocation, and (2) the survival and refuge use of captive-bred numbats compared with wild-sourced numbats post-translocation.
MethodsMonitoring via radio-tracking facilitated the gathering of information on survival and behaviour of numbats pre- and post-translocation, and allowed a comparison of how different factors (e.g. captive-bred or wild-born; male or female) influenced survival and establishment in a new environment.
Key resultsThere were no significant differences in survival between sexes or between wild-born and captive-bred individuals. However, there were some differences in behaviour between sexes and source populations. Captive-bred numbats, regardless of sex, made greater use of tree hollows as nocturnal refuges than did their wild-born counterparts. Among wild-born numbats, there was a comparatively greater use of tree hollows and logs on the ground by males at Mount Gibson than at Scotia. The use of diurnal escape refuges did not vary between sexes or between captive-bred and wild-born individuals.
ConclusionsOn the basis of the information presented here, we conclude that, in the absence of predation by mammalian predators, and with suitable release habitat, captive-bred-to-wild translocations of numbats may be as likely to succeed as are wild-to-wild translocations, at least over the first few months post-translocation.
ImplicationsOptimising the size and genetic diversity of the founding population by using animals from a variety of sources may not need to be heavily constrained by concerns about the ability of captive-bred numbats to adapt to and survive life in the wild.