bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MPCD Index for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Based on Mitochondrial Function and Cell Death Patterns
Authors: Wang Longxing , Zhao Zhiming , Shu Kunxian , Ma Mingyue
Published: December 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer with a poor prognosis. During the development of cancer cells, mitochondria influence various cell death patterns by regulating metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation. However, the relationship between mitochondrial function and cell death patterns in HCC remains unclear. In this study, we used a comprehensive machine learning framework to construct a mitochondrial functional activity-associated programmed cell death index (MPCDI) based on scRNA-seq and RNA-seq data from TCGA, GEO, and ICGC datasets. The index signature was used to classify HCC patients, and studied the multi-omics features, immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity of the subtypes. Finally, we constructed the MPCDI signature consisting of four genes (S100A9, FYN, LGALS3, and HMOX1), which was one of the independent risk factors for the prognosis of HCC patients. The HCC patients were divided into high- and low-MPCDI groups, and the immune status was different between the two groups. Patients with a high MPCDI had higher TIDE scores and poorer responses to immunotherapy, suggesting that high-MPCDI patients might not be suitable for immunotherapy. By analyzing the drug sensitivity data of CTRP, GDSC, and PRISM databases, it was found that staurosporine has potential therapeutic significance for patients with a high MPCDI. In summary, based on the characteristics of mitochondria function and PCD patterns, we used single-cell and transcriptome data to identify four genes and construct the MPCDI signature, which provided new perspectives and directions for the clinical diagnosis and personalized treatment of HCC patients.
Porter 6: Protein Secondary Structure Prediction by Leveraging Pre-Trained Language Models (PLMs)
Authors: Alanazi Wafa , Meng Di , Pollastri Gianluca
Published: December 2024

Accurately predicting protein secondary structure (PSSP) is crucial for understanding protein function, which is foundational to advancements in drug development, disease treatment, and biotechnology. Researchers gain critical insights into protein folding and function within cells by predicting protein secondary structures. The advent of deep learning models, capable of processing complex sequence data and identifying meaningful patterns, offer substantial potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of protein structure predictions. In particular, recent breakthroughs in deep learning—driven by the integration of natural language processing (NLP) algorithms—have significantly advanced the field of protein research. Inspired by the remarkable success of NLP techniques, this study harnesses the power of pre-trained language models (PLMs) to advance PSSP prediction. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of various deep learning models trained on distinct sequence embeddings, including one-hot encoding and PLM-based approaches such as ProtTrans and ESM-2, to develop a cutting-edge prediction system optimized for accuracy and computational efficiency. Our proposed model, Porter 6, is an ensemble of CBRNN-based predictors, leveraging the protein language model ESM-2 as input features. Porter 6 achieves outstanding performance on large-scale, independent test sets. On a 2022 test set, the model attains an impressive 86.60% accuracy in three-state (Q3) and 76.43% in eight-state (Q8) classifications. When tested on a more recent 2024 test set, Porter 6 maintains robust performance, achieving 84.56% in Q3 and 74.18% in Q8 classifications. This represents a significant 3% improvement over its predecessor, outperforming or matching state-of-the-art approaches in the field.
Cytotoxic ROS-Consuming Mn(III) Synzymes: Structural Influence on Their Mechanism of Action
Authors: Verderi Lorenzo , Nova Niccolò , Borghesani Valentina , Tegoni Matteo , Giannetto Marco , Fortunati Simone , Ronda Luca , Pinelli Silvana , Mozzoni Paola , Nicastro Maria , Ghezzi Benedetta , Pelosi Giorgio , Bisceglie Franco
Published: December 2024

ROS (i.e., reactive oxygen species) scavenging is a key function of various Mn-based enzymes, including superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalases, which are actively linked to oxidative stress-related diseases. In this study, we synthesized and characterized two novel Mn(III)-based synzymes (i.e., synthetic enzymes), designated C1 ([MnL1Cl(H2O)]Cl·3H2O) and C2 ([MnL2Cl2]·2H2O), which differ in the presence of a bridging aliphatic or aromatic group in the chelator. Using a range of analytical techniques, we found that the aromatic C2 bridge significantly influences the Mn(III) center’s cis-β configuration, unlike C1, which adopts a trans configuration. We then thoroughly evaluated the oxidation-reduction properties of C1 and C2, including their redox potentials (by cyclic voltammetry) and capacity to consume various ROS species (using DPPH, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide UV–visible spectrophotometric assays). The specific kinetics of the H2O2 dismutation process, as measured by a Clark-type electrode and time-resolved ESI-MS, revealed that both synzymes possess catalytic activity. Toxicological experiments using the Galleria mellonella larval model demonstrated the compounds’ innocuous nature towards higher eukaryotic organisms, while cytotoxicity assays confirmed their selective efficacy against lung cancer cells. Additional cytological assays, such as the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay and caspase-3 activity and p53 expression analysis, reported that C1 and C2 induce cytotoxicity against cancer cells via apoptosis rather than necrosis and behave very differently towards redox substances and ROS-regulating enzymes in vivo. These findings suggest that the structural differences between C1 and C2 lead to distinct redox properties and biological activities, highlighting the potential of these novel Mn(III)-based synzymes as therapeutic agents for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases, particularly lung cancer. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and explore their clinical applications.
Plant Growth-Promoting and Biocontrol Characteristics of Four Bacillus Strains and Evaluation of Their Effects on Wheat (Tr. aestivum L.)
Authors: Petkova Mariana , Marcheva Marina , Petrova Antonia-Lucia , Slavova Vanya , Shilev Stefan
Published: December 2024

The present study investigated developing biological control agents against plant pathogens as an alternative to pesticides. The plant growth-promoting (PGP) and biocontrol potential of bacteria from the Bacillus genus is due to their ability to produce proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes, assist in the solubilization of phosphorus and zinc, and the production of siderophores. Cell culture and cell-free supernatant were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of different Bacillus strains against the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum in vitro. Fusarium graminearum is a fungus that causes plant disease, particularly in cereals like wheat and barley. As a result, significant suppression of the growth and development of this plant pathogen was observed. Plant growth-promoting activity manifested when the bacteria were applied alone and in combination. A single strain and combinations of two, three, and four strains of Bacillus were tested for their antimicrobial effects against Fusarium graminearum. The fluorescence spectroscopy results proved that the combination of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus licheniformis showed the best stimulation of development, expressed as a comparative evaluation of the yield compared to the untreated control variant. The four strains showed their potential application as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium graminearum. The four Bacillus strains also can promote plant growth by affecting nutrition, root structure, and plant health, and they have the capacity to dissolve phosphates and zinc.
The Druggable Target Potential of NF-κB-Inducing Kinase (NIK) in Cancer
Authors: Wang Yina , Rui Liangyou
Published: December 2024

NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is primarily recognized for its role as the apical kinase that activates non-canonical NF-κB signaling and its involvement in immune system regulation. NIK is crucial for maintaining cellular health by regulating fundamental processes such as differentiation, growth, and survival. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulated expression or function of NIK in non-lymphoid cells is a key factor in cancer progression. While NIK deficiency causes severe immune dysfunction, its overexpression or excessive activation is linked to inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer development. The development of small molecule inhibitors targeting NIK has sparked optimism for clinical intervention, positioning NIK as a promising druggable mediator for cancer. The ongoing progress in creating novel small molecule NIK inhibitors offers new opportunities for testing NIK-targeted cancer therapies, potentially advancing the clinical application of NIK-based cancer treatments.
Machine Learning in Information and Communications Technology: A Survey
Authors: Dritsas Elias , Trigka Maria
Published: December 2024

The rapid growth of data and the increasing complexity of modern networks have driven the demand for intelligent solutions in the information and communications technology (ICT) domain. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool, enabling more adaptive, efficient, and scalable systems in this field. This article presents a comprehensive survey on the application of ML techniques in ICT, covering key areas such as network optimization, resource allocation, anomaly detection, and security. Specifically, we review the effectiveness of different ML models across ICT subdomains and assess how ML integration enhances crucial performance metrics, including operational efficiency, scalability, and security. Lastly, we highlight the challenges and future directions that are critical for the continued advancement of ML-driven innovations in ICT.
Audio Watermarking System in Real-Time Applications
Authors: Santin-Cruz Carlos Jair , Dolecek Gordana Jovanovic
Published: December 2024

Watermarking is widely employed to protect audio files. Previous research has focused on developing systems that balance performance criteria, including robustness, imperceptibility, and capacity. Most existing systems are designed to work with pre-recorded audio signals, where the characteristics of the host signal are known in advance. In such cases, processing time is not a critical factor, as these systems generally do not account for real-time signal acquisition or report tests for real-time signal acquisition nor report the elapsed time between signal acquisition and watermarking output, known as latency. However, the increasing prevalence of audio sharing through real-time streams or video calls is a pressing issue requiring low-latency systems. This work introduces a low-latency watermarking system that utilizes a spread spectrum technique, a method that spreads the signal energy across a wide frequency band while embedding the watermark additively in the time domain to minimize latency. The system’s performance was evaluated by simulating real-time audio streams using two distinct methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves minimal latency during embedding, addressing the urgent need for such systems.
Black Soldier Fly Larvae’s Optimal Feed Intake and Rearing Density: A Welfare Perspective (Part II)
Authors: Cattaneo Arianna , Belperio Simona , Sardi Luca , Martelli Giovanna , Nannoni Eleonora , Dabbou Sihem , Meneguz Marco
Published: December 2024

The large-scale insect rearing sector is expected to grow significantly in the next few years, with Hermetia illucens L. (black soldier fly, BSF) playing a pivotal role. As with traditional livestock, it is essential to improve and ensure BSF welfare. A starting point can be an adaptation of the Five Freedoms framework. Feed availability must be optimized to meet larvae nutritional needs (freedom from hunger) while maximizing substrate conversion efficiency. Similarly, rearing density needs to be optimized to ensure well-being, particularly in large-scale operations. In this study, Control (commercial laying hen feed) and Omnivorous substrates (vegetable and meat) were used as dietary regimes. In the first trial, three feeding rates were tested: 50, 100, and 200 mg feed/larva/day; in the second trial, three rearing densities were evaluated: 5, 10, and 15 larvae/cm2. Performance parameters, including final larval weight, final frass biomass, growth rate, substrate reduction, feed conversion ratio, larval length, survival rate, larvae chemical composition, and process optimization, were studied. Our results show that a feeding rate of approximately 90 mg feed/larva/day in the Omnivorous diet and 175 mg feed/larva/day in the Control diet, along with a rearing density of 5 and 7.57 larvae/cm2, respectively, in the Omnivorous and Control diets, produced optimal growth performances ensuring larval well-being. This outcome offers valuable insights for implementing good welfare practices in the insect farming sector and optimizing rearing management and efficiency.
Efficacy of the Fumigant Ethanedinitrile to Control the Ham Mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae), and Its Sorption on Dry-Cured Ham
Authors: Maille Jacqueline M. , Schilling Wes , Phillips Thomas W.
Published: December 2024

Management of stored-product pests has historically relied on fumigation when pest populations become large. However, the ban of the fumigant methyl bromide and the ineffectiveness of other pesticides stress the need for alternative fumigants. Therefore, laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ethanedinitrile (EDN) against different life stages of the mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae and to determine the sorption and desorption of EDN by dry-cured ham meat. The results showed that eggs were the most tolerant life stage to EDN fumigation, with an estimated LC50 of 0.6 mg/L. Tyrophagus putrescentiae mixed life-stage colonies were controlled at 1.3 mg/L, and less than 0.05% of the population survived following treatment with 0.6 mg/L within 24 h at 25 °C. The free-headspace concentrations of EDN in fumigation chambers containing ham decreased by 97% of the initial concentrations applied (2.6 and 4.8 mg/L) after the 24 h fumigation period. The EDN sorption in ham followed the first-order kinetics, with half-life values of 5.0 and 4.9 h for 2.6 and 4.8 mg/L, respectively. The percentage losses of EDN per hour were calculated to be 12.8 and 13.2% at 2.6 and 4.8 mg/L, respectively. Our study indicates that EDN controls T. putrescentiae in the laboratory.
Comparative Mitogenomics in the Genus Chlorophorus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Its Phylogenetic Implications
Authors: Fu Zhengju , Chen Lu , Tian Lichao , Wang Zongqing , Li Zhu
Published: December 2024

Chlorophorus Chevrolat, 1863, one of the most species-rich genera of Clytini, comprises 36 subgenera and 302 species/subspecies, with some species being of significant economic importance. To assess the monophyly and subgeneric system of this genus, we newly obtained mitochondrial genomic data from 21 species of Chlorophorus via high-throughput sequencing and reconstructed the phylogeny of this genus using ML and BI methods. The mitochondrial genomes of all sequenced Chlorophorus species were found to comprise 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and one non-coding region (control region, CR), reflecting a highly conserved gene arrangement. The mitochondrial genomes of the 21 Chlorophorus species range from 15,387 bp to 15,779 bp in length, and all exhibited AT bias. Analysis of the non-synonymous and synonymous substitution rates revealed that ATP8 has the highest evolution rate, whereas COI has the lowest. Further, phylogenetic analyses were performed based on different datasets (13 PCGs + 2 rRNAs, 13 PCGs + 2 rRNAs + 22 tRNAs, PCG123, PCG12) using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The results indicate that Chlorophorus is monophyletic, but the subgenera Humeromaculatus Özdikmen, 2011; Immaculatoides Özdikmen, 2022; Brevenotatus Özdikmen, 2022; and Chlorophorus (s. str.) Chevrolat, 1863, are not monophyletic. Based on the comparison of male genitalia, we found that the sclerites of the endophallus may exhibit phylogenetic signals for the genus.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Lyme Carditis—A Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Kaczynski Matthew , Desai Suhani , Osorio Brian , Hulten Edward , Agarwal Saurabh , Atalay Michael K. , Patel Yash
Published: December 2024

Lyme carditis is an uncommon but potentially fatal manifestation of early disseminated Lyme disease. Timely diagnosis poses a clinical challenge due to the highly variable and non-specific symptomatology that can be easily overlooked, as well as the limited availability of specific and non-invasive diagnostic tests for assessing cardiac involvement. While cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the standard imaging modality for diagnosing various etiologies of cardiomyopathy, its application in Lyme carditis remains understudied. In this study, we present two cases of CMR-proven Lyme carditis and provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the use of CMR in this condition.
Muscular Performance and Blood Pressure After Different Pre-Strength Training Strategies in Recreationally Strength-Trained Women: Cross-Over Trial
Authors: Monteiro Estêvão Rios , Pescatello Linda S. , Leitão Luis , de Miranda Marcelo José Colonna , Marchetti Paulo H. , Novaes Michelle Ribeiro , da Silva Araújo Gleisson , Corrêa Neto Victor Gonçalves , da Silva Novaes Jefferson
Published: December 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of different pre-ST strategies on muscular performance and blood pressure (BP) responses in recreationally strength-trained women. Methods: Twelve overweight women with normal BP were recruited and performed six experimental protocols in a randomized order: (1) control protocol (CC), where BP was assessed without exercises performed; (2) ST; (3) foam rolling warm-up followed by ST (FR + ST); (4) specific warm-up followed by ST (SW + ST); (5) aerobic exercise followed by ST (AE + ST); and (6) stretching exercises followed by ST (SE + ST). ST consisted of three sets at 80% of 10 repetition maximum with a self-suggested rest interval between sets for bench press, back squat, bench press 45°, front squat, lat pull-down, leg press, shoulder press, and leg extension. Results: All experimental protocol had a lower total training volume, fatigue index, and repetitions performance in relation to ST (p < 0.05). No significant reduction was observed in systolic and diastolic BP for any protocol or exercise, although the effect size magnitudes ranged from trivial to large. Decreases in maximum repetitions, resistance to fatigue, and total training volume were performed before ST as warm-up strategies. However, these strategies indicated a clinical reduction in BP with a large and meaningful magnitude (effect size) in recreationally strength-trained women with normal to elevated BP. Conclusions: The results of this investigation may help to influence decision-making by practitioners who desire to elicit a post-exercise hypotension response in both subjects with normal BP and hypertension.
The Association Between Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA), Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number
Authors: Mance Kristan Romana , Jurgec Staša , Potočnik Uroš , Marhl Marko , Gašperšič Rok
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by bacteria in dental plaque that can activate the host’s immune-inflammatory response and invade the bloodstream. We hypothesized that a higher periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) is associated with higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers, lower levels of antioxidants, and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). Methods: Using periodontal parameters, we calculated the PISA score, measured the levels of inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidants in the serum, and took buccal swabs for mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) extraction. Results: Higher PISA was associated with higher CRP levels, higher leukocyte, neutrophil, and erythrocyte counts, and lower magnesium-to-calcium ratio, but not with mtDNAcn. A higher number of deep pockets was associated with higher leukocytes and neutrophil counts and higher uric acid levels. Conclusions: The PISA score might be an appropriate parameter to assess the inflammatory burden of periodontitis, but not to assess mitochondrial dysfunction after mtDNA isolation from buccal swabs.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with LARS Synthetic Ligament: Outcomes and Failures
Authors: Moretti Lorenzo , Garofalo Raffaele , Cassano Giuseppe D. , Geronimo Alessandro , Reggente Nicola , Piacquadio Fabrizio , Bizzoca Davide , Solarino Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in athletes, but their prevalence has also increased among adults. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is a key treatment option, with graft choice playing a critical role in recovery. The study evaluates the clinical and functional outcomes of ACLR using the Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System (LARS) in patients over 35 years old. It assesses implant survival, failure rate, and revision rate, and measures quality of life and subjective outcomes. Methods: Fifty-three patients were finally included in this retrospective two-center study. The study assessed quality of life (QoL) and subjective outcomes using IKDC and Lysholm scores, evaluated implant survival and revision rates, and assessed the difference in activity levels between the two years before ACL injury and at follow-up. Results: The study found high Lysholm (90.61) and IKDC (80.25) scores, indicating positive clinical results. However, about 40% of patients did not return to their pre-injury activity levels. The graft failure rate was low at 3.8%, with no cases of infection or implant rejection. Conclusions: The study concluded that LARS ACLR is an effective option for middle-aged patients, offering faster recovery and fewer complications. However, it may not be suitable for younger, professional athletes due to its mechanical limitations. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up is recommended.
Metabolomics in Atrial Fibrillation: Unlocking Novel Biomarkers and Pathways for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Personalized Treatment
Authors: Rohun Justyna , Dudzik Danuta , Raczak-Gutknecht Joanna , Wabich Elżbieta , Młodziński Krzysztof , Markuszewski Michał J. , Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz Ludmiła
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia in the adult population associated with a high rate of severe consequences leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, its prompt recognition is of high clinical importance. AF detection often remains challenging due to unspecific symptoms and a lack of reliable biomarkers for its prediction. Herein, novel bioanalytical methodologies, such as metabolomics, offer new opportunities for a better understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases, including AF. The metabolome, considered a complete set of small molecules present in the organism, directly reflects the current phenotype of the studied system and is highly sensitive to any changes, including arrhythmia’s onset. A growing body of evidence suggests that metabolite profiling has prognostic value in AF prediction, highlighting its potential role not only in early diagnosis but also in guiding therapeutic interventions. By identifying specific metabolites as a disease biomarker or recognising particular metabolomic pathways involved in the AF pathomechanisms, metabolomics could be of great clinical value for further clinical decision-making, risk stratification, and an individual personalised approach. The presented narrative review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge on metabolomics in AF with a special emphasis on its implications for clinical practice and personalised medicine.
General Information and Applications of Najuta Fenestrated Stent Grafts for Aortic Arch Aneurysms
Authors: Onitsuka Seiji , Tanaka Atsuhisa , Otsuka Hiroyuki , Shintani Yusuke , Kanamoto Ryo , Negoto Shinya , Tayama Eiki
Published: December 2024

Endovascular stent graft repair was developed to minimize the invasiveness of open surgery for thoracic and abdominal aortic diseases. This approach involves covering the diseased segment with a stented artificial graft. However, in thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for aortic arch diseases, special consideration is needed to preserve the aortic arch vessels. Standard stent grafts often require additional procedures, such as bypass surgery, to reconstruct the arch vessels. The semi-custom-made Najuta fenestrated stent graft was developed to address this issue. It is a three-dimensional patient-specific stent graft with fenestrations that allow for the preservation of the arch vessels. This study discusses the unique features of the Najuta stent graft and the techniques for its deployment, and it provides an analysis of treatment outcomes based on the current literature.
Initial Outcomes of Physician-Modified Inner-Branched Endovascular Repair for Distal Aortic Arch Aneurysm
Authors: Tsushima Shingo , Shibata Tsuyoshi , Iba Yutaka , Nakajima Tomohiro , Nakazawa Junji , Miura Shuhei , Arihara Ayaka , Mukawa Kei , Iwashiro Yu , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Few clinical studies have reported on physician-modified inner-branched endovascular repair (PMiBEVAR) for aortic arch aneurysm. Herein, we evaluate the outcomes of proximal landing zone 2 PMiBEVAR. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from six patients who underwent zone 2 PMiBEVAR for aortic arch aneurysms at a single center between October 2021 and June 2024. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality and postoperative complications. Results: The median follow-up period was 12.5 (7.3–25) months. Males constituted four out of six cases and females constituted two out of six cases. The patients had a median age of 78.5 (76.5–79.0) years, and the aneurysm diameter was 56 (50–61) mm. Technical success was achieved in 5/6 (83.3%) cases. The median modification and operative times were 56 (45–60) min and 92 (79–308), respectively. Postoperatively, delayed type Ia endoleak and vascular access-site pseudoaneurysm occurred in one patient each. However, no patients experienced other complications. The median hospital stay was 10 (7–41) days, and no deaths or reinterventions occurred after 30 days. During the post-discharge follow-up, the aneurysm diameter remained “unchanged” in four patients, including the one with delayed type Ia endoleak, while two patients experienced “shrinkage”. Conclusions: PMiBEVAR for distal aortic arch aneurysm might be effective in improving postoperative outcomes.
Nutritional Status in a Group of Patients with Wounds Due to Diabetic Foot Disease and Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Authors: Skórka Mateusz , Bazaliński Dariusz , Więch Paweł , Kłęk Stanisław , Kozieł Dorota , Sierżantowicz Regina
Published: December 2024

Background: Wound healing is a complex physiological process that begins immediately upon injury. Nutritional status significantly affects the course of regenerative processes. Malnutrition can prolong the inflammatory phase, limit collagen synthesis, and increase the risk of new wound formation. The issue of malnutrition is becoming increasingly prevalent and remains a significant concern, particularly among older adults dealing with chronic conditions. Methods: The study was conducted at the Wound Treatment Clinic of the Specialist Hospital at the Podkarpackie Oncology Center in Brzozów, Poland, over 12 months (31 December 2022 to 31 December 2023). A prospective assessment was carried out on 106 patients with chronic wounds. The sample selection was purposeful, based on the following criteria: individuals with hard-to-heal vascular wounds related to diabetic foot disease or venous insufficiency, who provided informed consent to participate after reviewing the study concept. The assessment included a questionnaire and biochemical blood analysis. Further evaluations covered wound characteristics and classification based on clinical scales. The morphotic and biochemical blood parameter assessment included albumin concentration, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the nutritional risk index (NRI). Results: A larger wound area was associated with lower morphotic values in both groups. Exudate levels and severity in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) patients and diabetic foot disease (DFD) were associated with lower hemoglobin, albumin, and NRI values. At the same time, the depth of tissue structure damage correlated with the measured biochemical parameters. Conclusions: NRI values and morphotic blood parameters, along with albumin, hemoglobin, and CRP levels, are closely associated with wound characteristics, including surface area, exudate level, and the severity of tissue destruction. The greater the destruction of tissue structures, the higher the risk of malnutrition and wound infection, as indicated by biochemical assessment.
Is Generalized Joint Hypermobility Associated with Chronic Painful Temporomandibular Disorders in Young Adults? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Barbosa Cláudia , Gavinha Sandra , Soares Tânia , Reis Tiago , Manso Conceição
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) is a common condition characterized by an increased range of motion across multiple joints. Previous studies have suggested a possible association between GJH and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of GJH in a Portuguese population of young university adults and to explore the relationship between GJH, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms/clinical findings, chronic painful TMDs, and chronic painful TMDs subtypes (myalgia, arthralgia, or combined myalgia and arthralgia). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Oporto university institutions, involving 1249 students (18–25 years). GJH was assessed using the Beighton score cut-off ≥ 4. TMJ symptoms and clinical findings were collected using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD protocol, as well as TMD diagnoses. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to examine the associations between GJH and the variables of interest. Results: The overall prevalence of GJH was 41.9%, with females exhibiting a significantly higher likelihood of GJH (p < 0.001). A statistically significant association was found between GJH and TMJ clicking (p < 0.05). Although no overall association was found between GJH and chronic painful TMDs, GJH was significantly associated with the combined diagnosis of myalgia and arthralgia (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that GJH may be associated with the more complex subtypes of chronic painful TMDs. However, due to the small size effect of this association, future longitudinal studies with large samples using GJH broader diagnostic criteria are essential to elucidate the relationship between GJH and painful TMDs in asymptomatic nonsyndromic joint hypermobility populations.
Presentation, Management, and Outcome of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Patients Referred to Infectious Diseases or Neurology
Authors: Gulin Jana , Neudauer Lučka Marija , Kejžar Nataša , Bajrović Fajko F. , Collinet-Adler Stefan , Stupica Daša
Published: December 2024

Background: In Slovenia, patients with suspected tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) were historically referred to infectious diseases (ID), but during the COVID-19 pandemic, there were increased referrals to neurology. This study compared the clinical management of TBE patients between ID specialists and neurologists and assessed patients’ outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, laboratory, and imaging data of 318 adult patients with TBE managed by ID (n = 256; 80.5%) and neurology (n = 62; 19.5%) at a tertiary centre in Slovenia between March 2020 and September 2022 to explore variations in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches by specialty and to assess the severity and outcome of acute illness. Results: Patients referred to ID or neurology did not differ regarding their basic demographic and epidemiologic characteristics or basic laboratory parameters. However, patients referred to neurology more often presented with severe illness, including impaired consciousness and/or focal neurological signs (72.6% vs. 55.5%; p < 0.001). ID specialists used head imaging before lumbar puncture (6.6% vs. 64.5%; p < 0.001), performed microbiological tests other than for TBE (16.0% vs. 51.6%; p < 0.001), and empirically prescribed antimicrobials less often than neurology (5.1% vs. 22.6%; p < 0.001). When adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, vaccination status, and the severity of acute illness, clinical outcomes were similar between the two groups of patients, but those with more severe acute illness had higher odds for incomplete recovery. Conclusions: Differences in clinical presentation between ID and neurology referrals could only partially explain the narrower diagnostic and therapeutic approach used by ID, which, given the study design, was not associated with adverse outcomes. Additionally, in patients with clinical characteristics suggestive of TBE in endemic areas, tremor in the absence of other focal neurological signs or impaired consciousness may not necessitate head imaging before lumbar puncture. Future prospective studies could help to optimise the management of this clinical syndrome.
Concurrent Validity Between EQ-5D and HRQ-6D Measures in Patients with Different Primary Diagnoses
Authors: Bujang Mohamad Adam , Hon Yoon Khee , Lai Wei Hong , Yap Eileen Pin Pin , Tiong Xun Ting , Ratnasingam Selvasingam , Kim Alex Ren Jye , Husin Masliyana , Jee Yvonne Yih Huan , Ahmad Nurul Fatma Diyana , Chew Cheng Hoon , Tan Clare Hui Hong , Khoo Sing Yee , Johari Fazalena , Fong Alan Yean Yip
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The HRQ-6D is a newly developed instrument to measure Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and EQ-5D is the gold standard for measuring HRQOL. This study aims to test the concurrent validity between EQ-5D and HRQ-6D measures among patients with different primary diagnoses. Methods: This cross-sectional study uses two HRQOL measurement instruments, EQ-5D-3L and HRQ-6D. Data collection was performed between January 2023 and May 2023. All the necessary data for this study were collected from actual patients who presented with any one of the four different types of primary diagnoses: heart disease, cancer, depressive disorders, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). They were recruited from the four specialist clinics that cater to the treatment of each of the four different types of primary diagnoses in a tertiary hospital. Results: There were 149 patients who participated in the study wherein 40 (26.8%) of them were ESRD patients, 39 (26.2%) of them were cancer patients, 38 (25.5%) of them were mentally depressed, and the remaining were patients with heart diseases. The domains in HRQ-6D, except for the perception of future health, are significantly associated with domains in EQ-5D-3L after having controlled for patients’ primary diagnoses (i.e., p < 0.001). The HRQ-6D replaces the domain “Usual activities” with “Physical energy,” and the association between these two domains is significant (p < 0.001). The correlation between the overall HRQ-6D and EQ-VAS scores is also significant (coefficient = 0.445, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The HRQ-6D is demonstrated to have concurrent validity with EQ-5D. Therefore, clinicians and researchers can use HRQ-6D to measure patient outcomes for interventional and observational studies. (Total word count = 265 words).
Single Teeth and Partial Implant Rehabilitations Using Ultra-Hydrophilic Multi-Zone Anodized Surface Implants: A Retrospective Study with 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: de Araújo Nobre Miguel , Antunes Carolina , Ferro Ana , Lopes Armando , Gouveia Miguel , Nunes Mariana , Santos Diogo
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: In the last decades, dental implant surfaces have been evolving to increase success and implant survival rates. More studies evaluating outcomes with implants with ultra-hydrophilic multi-zone anodized surfaces are necessary. The aim of this study is to evaluate the short-term outcome of implants of conical connection with anodized ultra-hydrophilic surfaces for support of single teeth and partial rehabilitations. Methods: In this retrospective study, patients received parallel-walled implants with a gradually anodized surface. The primary outcome measure was implant survival. Secondary outcome measures were marginal bone loss and mechanical and biological complications. This study included 253 conical connection implants with anodized ultra-hydrophilic surfaces, placed in 145 patients (71 males and 74 females; average age: 55.8 years). Sixty patients presented comorbidities, and 19 patients presented smoking habits. Results: Ten patients (15 implants) were lost to follow-up. Two implants failed in two patients, resulting in a cumulative survival rate of 99.2%, with 98.5% and 100% for males and females, respectively, and 99.1% and 100% for single teeth and partial rehabilitations, respectively. The average marginal bone loss was 0.52 mm at 1 year, with 0.60 mm and 0.42 mm for males and females, respectively, and 0.52 mm and 0.50 mm for single teeth and partial rehabilitations, respectively. The rate of mechanical complications was 4.8% and 3.2% at patient and implant levels, respectively. Biological complications occurred in one patient (0.7%) at one implant (0.4%). Conclusions: These results indicate that the use of implants with ultra-hydrophilic multi-zone anodized surfaces for single teeth and partial rehabilitations is viable in the short term.
LA PULSE: Evaluating Left Atrial Function Pre- and Post-Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Using PULSEd Field Ablation
Authors: Mahrous Noha , Blaschke Florian , Schöppenthau Doreen , Hindricks Gerhard , Boldt Leif-Hendrik , Parwani Abdul Shokor
Published: December 2024

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia associated with left atrial dysfunction. The impact of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using pulsed field ablation (PFA) on left atrial function has not been previously quantified. This study aims to evaluate the effects of PVI using PFA on left atrial function in patients with AF. Methods: Thirty-four patients undergoing PVI with PFA between July 2022 and November 2023 were included. The left atrial function was assessed using echocardiography pre-procedure and at 6 months post-procedure. Results: The mean age of the patients was 66.5 ± 9.76 years, with 70.6% being male. The cohort included 44% of patients with paroxysmal AF. PVI was successfully achieved in all patients, with a significant improvement in all aspects of left atrial strain at an average of six-month follow-up. The left atrial strain reservoir (LASr) increased from 12.5 ± 5.8% to 21.7 ± 8.1% (p < 0.001). Notably, patients with paroxysmal AF exhibited a greater increase in LASr compared to those with persistent AF. Additionally, pre-procedural sinus rhythm was a significant predictor of better LASr outcomes. Conclusions: PFA is associated with significant improvement in left atrial reservoir strain, suggesting a positive impact on atrial function. These findings have important implications for the therapeutic management of AF and warrant further research.
Accuracy of Full-Arch Intraoral Scans Versus Conventional Impression: A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis and a Proposal to Standardise the Analysis of the Accuracy
Authors: Pesce Paolo , Nicolini Paolo , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Zecca Piero Antonio , Canullo Luigi , Isola Gaetano , Baldi Domenico , De Angelis Nicola , Menini Maria
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically revise the state of art of the accuracy of digital and conventional impressions in clinical full-arch scenarios. Methods: Electronic and manual searches were conducted up to December 2024. Only trials comparing the accuracy of digital versus conventional impressions were selected by two independent reviewers. Accuracy was evaluated by analysing the fit of the prostheses obtained through conventional workflows and those obtained from digital workflows using intraoral scanners. Alternatively, accuracy was assessed by comparing the standard tessellation language data acquired from intraoral scanning with those obtained from scanning the physical model. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. Meta-analysis was conducted to pool the mean differences from the included studies, with heterogeneity tested by Cochran’s Q test and quantified by the I2 index. Results: We included 9 relevant studies from a total of 2535 identified studies. The risk of bias was evaluated as low, and the main results of all the included articles reported similar accuracy between digital and conventional impressions. Random effects meta-analysis resulted in a pooled mean difference of 152.46 (95% C.I. = 76.46–228.46, p-value < 0.001, I2 = 93.48%). Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of the present systematic review reveal contradictory findings regarding the accuracy of digital impressions. However, most studies analysing the clinical performance of prostheses obtained through digital impressions suggest that their accuracy falls within clinically acceptable thresholds. Future research should report comparable outcomes and focus attention on linear deviations, comparing differences between conventional and digital impressions not in absolute terms, but relative to the distance measured.
Could Residents Adequately Assess the Severity of Skin Lesions in Mycosis Fungoides/Sézary Syndrome? Evaluation of Interrater Agreement and Interrater Reliability of mSWAT
Authors: Cisoń Hanna , Jankowska-Konsur Alina , Białynicki-Birula Rafał
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), including Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS), is a challenging-to-diagnose lymphoproliferative malignancy characterized by T-cell dysfunction and progressive cutaneous and extra cutaneous involvement. Disease severity assessment in CTCL is crucial for guiding treatment. This study aims to evaluate the interrater agreement and interrater reliability of mSWAT among dermatology residents and identify lesion types most prone to scoring variability. Methods: Sixteen dermatology residents with varied experience levels assessed 14 patients with confirmed MF/SS diagnoses. Using mSWAT, residents independently scored lesions severity on a standardized set of patient’s photos. The results were compared with reference mSWAT scores provided by an experienced clinician. Descriptive statistics and the Shapiro–Wilk test were applied to evaluate data distributions, while Student’s t-test assessed score deviations from reference values. Furthemore, we conducted a pilot the high frequency ultrasound (HFUS) study on a single patient, whose mSWAT score and photographs are also presented in the manuscript. Results: Significant discrepancies were observed in 64.29% of cases (9/14), with tumors and infiltrative lesions in erythrodermic SS patients posing particular scoring challenges. Misclassification of tumors as patches or plaques was a frequent issue, leading to underestimations in mSWAT scores. Residents’ assessments of infiltrative lesions were also notably inconsistent. Conclusions: This study highlights significant interobserver variability in mSWAT scoring among less experienced dermatology residents, particularly with tumor and erythrodermic lesions. Findings underscore the need for enhanced training and standardized scoring protocols to improve mSWAT reliability. Similar to other comparable indices, such as PASI, the mSWAT should be employed consistently by the same physician during each assessment to systematically monitor and evaluate the skin condition of a patient under observation. However, broader application requires the acquisition of sufficient experience. The study suggests the use of the HFUS as an objective method of assessment of the skin lesion infiltration in MF/SS patients.
Long-Term Results of Kidney Transplantation in Patients Aged 60 Years and Older
Authors: Ziaja Jacek , Skrabaka Damian , Owczarek Aleksander J. , Widera Monika , Król Robert , Kolonko Aureliusz , Więcek Andrzej
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The results of kidney transplantation (KTx) in elderly patients are deteriorated by more frequent use of organs procured from older or extended criteria donors (ECDs). To eliminate the influence of donor factors on the transplantation results, the pair analysis method was applied. The study aimed to assess the survival, during long-term follow-up after transplantation, of recipients and transplanted kidneys, graft function, and factors influencing survival in recipients aged 60 years and older (≥60) compared to recipients aged less than 60 years (<60) who received a kidney from the same brain death donor (DBD). Methods: The study group consisted of 213 consecutive patients ≥60 who received a kidney procured from a DBD from whom the second procured kidney was transplanted to a patient <60 (control group). Results: The survival rates in the 10-year follow-up period were lower in those recipients ≥60 than in the control group (p < 0.01). The survival rates of the transplanted kidneys were comparable in both groups, while the death-censored graft survival was higher in those patients ≥60 than in the control group (p < 0.05). The estimated glomerular filtration rate levels were similar in the follow-up in patients ≥60 compared to those recipients <60. Transplantation of kidneys procured from ECD, longer duration of dialysis treatment, and longer duration of cold ischemia time (CIT) affected the recipient and graft survival in the ≥60 patients. Death-censored kidney graft survival was influenced by transplantation of a kidney procured from ECD, longer CIT, and the need for reoperation in the early postoperative period. Conclusions: Despite the higher mortality in the kidney recipients ≥60, the long-term results of KTx after the elimination of donor-dependent factors are similar or better compared to the recipients <60. The factors influencing the results of KTx in elderly recipients differ from those observed in the entire cohort and younger patients.