bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Application of Monomeric Chalcogenolates of 13 Group Elements
Authors: Řičica Tomáš , Milasheuskaya Yaraslava , Růžičková Zdeňka , Němec Petr , Švanda Pavel , Zmrhalová Zuzana Olmrová , Jambor Roman , Bouška Marek
Published: October 2019

Utilization of the N,C,N‐chelating ligand L (L={2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3}−) in the chemistry of 13 group elements provided either N→In coordinated monomeric chalcogenides LIn(μ‐E4) (E=S, Se) with unprecedented InE4 inorganic ring or monomeric chalcogenolates LM(EPh)2 (M=Ga, In). Complex LGa(SePh)2 was selected as the most suitable single source precursor (SSP) for the deposition of amorphous semiconducting GaSe thin films using spin coating method.
Enhanced production of d‐psicose 3‐epimerase in Bacillus subtilis by regulation of segmented fermentation
Authors: Fu Gang , Zhang Shibin , Dong Huina , Chen Jingqi , Tu Ran , Zhang Dawei
Published: October 2019

d‐Psicose 3‐epimerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of d‐psicose from d‐fructose. We cloned the d‐psicose 3‐epimerase from Ruminococcus sp. (RDPE) and expressed it in Bacillus subtilis A311. By a two‐step pH regulation of segmented fermentation, we significantly improved the RDPE production and decreased the fermentation cost. The two‐step regulation consisted of the first step maintained the pH value at 7.0 for 24 H and the second step adjusted the pH value up to 7.5 slowly for another 24 H. Finally, the RDPE production was increased to 74 U/mL, which was about 2.5‐fold compared with the control. Our segmented fermentation strategy provides an important experimental basis for the industrial‐scale production of RDPE.
Cycle of violence in women victims of domestic violence: Qualitative analysis of OPD 2 interview
Authors: Both Luciane Maria , Favaretto Taís Cristina , Freitas Lúcia Helena Machado
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Domestic violence places woman as the victim and man as the aggressor in the family environment. There is limited consistent and clear information based on empirical evidence on the dynamic functioning of the victims.

Objective

To further understand the psychodynamics of women in the cycle of violence taking into account the aspects of psychological trauma. It is transversal research design. The sample was composed of ten women victim of domestic violence. Data collection was based on the OPD‐2 Clinical Interview. Content analysis was performed from categories created by a posteriori: (a) Previous history; (b) Behavioral aspects; (c) Emotional aspects; (d) Reason for being in the relationship; (e) Type of violence and explanation for the reason of violence; (f) Support network and daily activities; and (g) Clinical and legal referral.

Results

Constant violence causes changes in the structural functioning and psychological conflict of the victims: difficulties in mentalization, instability in relationships, emotional dependence, abandonment of her own life for her partners, difficulty in having a sense of identity. Victims presented difficulties in making significant changes in daily life to break the cycle of violence.

Conclusion

The research sought to collaborate with more evidence on the subject, suggesting a reformulation on forms of encounter to break the cycle of violence.
Neuronal antibodies in adult patients with new‐onset seizures: A prospective study
Authors: Zelano Johan , Axelsson Markus , Constantinescu Radu , Malmeström Clas , Kumlien Eva
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Immunotherapy in addition to antiepileptic drugs can improve seizure freedom rates in autoimmune epilepsy, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis. A diagnosis of autoimmune epilepsy can be supported by presence of serum antibodies to neuronal antigens. We asked how often neuronal antibodies are found in the serum of unselected adult patients with new‐onset seizures and whether such testing could improve detection of autoimmune epilepsy.

Material and Methods

We included 44 patients over the age of 25 presenting after at least one unprovoked seizure to the Neurology Clinic at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. The median time between the first‐ever seizure in life and the serum sampling was 50 days (range 22–11,000). Antibody testing in serum was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The patients were followed for at least 1 year.

Results

Epilepsy could be diagnosed already at the first visit in 21/44 patients (47.7%). Two patients (4.5%) were positive for neuronal antibodies: one against contactin‐associated protein 2 (CASPR‐2) and one against glutamate acid decarboxylase (GAD). Three patients (6.7%) displayed very weak immunoreactivity that was deemed clinically insignificant. One of the antibody‐positive patients had only a single seizure. The other had a focal cortical dysplasia and was seizure‐free on levetiracetam. None of the five patients with antibodies or immunoreactivity displayed any feature of autoimmune epilepsy.

Conclusions

We conclude that indiscriminate testing in patients presenting to a first seizure clinic with new‐onset seizures or epilepsy is unlikely to improve detection of autoimmune epilepsy.
Beta‐blockers exert potent anti‐tumor effects in cutaneous and uveal melanoma
Authors: Bustamante Prisca , Miyamoto Denise , Goyeneche Alicia , de Alba Graue Paulina García , Jin Eva , Tsering Thupten , Dias Ana Beatriz , Burnier Miguel N. , Burnier Julia V.
Published: October 2019

Background

Melanoma is a life‐threatening group of cancers mainly affecting the skin (cutaneous melanoma, CM) and the eyes (uveal melanoma, UM). Nearly half of patients with UM develop liver metastases regardless of the primary treatment. For this reason, adjuvant therapy to prevent disease progression is essential to improve survival of patients with melanoma. Beta‐adrenoceptors (β‐AR) have emerged as novel targets to inhibit tumor growth and dissemination in CM, but have not been investigated in UM.

Methods

The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of a non‐selective β‐blocker in UM and CM. Propranolol was tested on four UM and two CM cell lines to determine the effects of this beta‐blocker. The expression of β‐AR in UM was assessed in enucleated eyes of 36 patients.

Results

The results showed that propranolol exerts potent anti‐proliferative effects, attenuates migration, reduces VEGF and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in both UM and CM in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, levels of cell‐free DNA released from the cells correlated to propranolol treatment and may be an indicator of treatment response. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed the expression of β1 and β2 adrenoceptors in all UM patients, with higher expression seen in the more aggressive epithelioid versus less aggressive spindle cells.

Conclusions

Collectively our data suggest that a nonselective beta‐blocker may be effective against melanoma. For the first time, we show potent anti‐tumor effects in UM cells following propranolol administration and expression of β1 and β2 adrenoceptors in patient tissue.
Population‐based study evaluating and predicting the probability of death resulting from thyroid cancer among patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Wang Kun , Xu Jing , Li Shuyu , Liu Shiyang , Zhang Lin
Published: October 2019

Background

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is an indolent carcinoma. The cumulative incidence of death from patients with PTMC and the nomogram built based on the competing risks model have not been described.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with PTMC were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (1983‐2015). Cumulative incidence function was utilized to calculate the likelihood of death resulting from thyroid cancer. Gray's test was conducted to examine the difference in the cumulative incidence of death between groups. A proportional subdistribution hazard model was constructed and we further built a nomogram to quantify the likelihood of death using the model. A 10‐fold cross‐validation procedure was adopted to validate the model.

Results

A total of 46 662 patients diagnosed with PTMC were included. The median follow‐up time was 81 months (range, 1 to 407 months). The 5‐year, 10‐year, and 20‐year probabilities of death from thyroid carcinoma were 0.3%, 0.6%, and 1.4%, respectively. The age at diagnosis, sex, tumor extension, and lymph node involvement were related to the cumulative incidence of death. A proportional subdistribution hazard model was developed. The performance of the model was good. A nomogram was built based on the model to predict the likelihood of death in patients with PTMC.

Conclusion

The survival rate of patients with PTMC is excellent. The nomogram constructed based on the well‐performed competing risks model is helpful for both patients and clinicians.
Lower common pathway location detected by cryoablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia of the common variety
Authors: Okishige Kaoru , Shigeta Takatoshi , Nakamura Rena A. , Hirao Tatsuhiko , Yoshida Hiroshi , Yamauchi Yasuteru
Published: October 2019

As different from radiofrequency current energy, cryofreezing energy is able to provide reversible effects on cardiac tissue, called “cryomapping,” which enables us to predict the effects of a subsequent application of ablative energy. Cryomapping is able to delineate the anatomical location of the lower common pathway of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.
Penile Mondor’s disease: Clinical and sonographic images
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba , Mahlobo Florence
Published: October 2019

Penile Mondor's disease or thrombophlebitis of the superficial dorsal penile vein is a rare disorder of the penis. Reported cases in the literature are mostly focal thrombus. We present clinical and sonographic images of an extensive superficial dorsal penile vein thrombosis.
Monitoring and Mitigation of Methane Emissions from Pressure Relief Valves of a Biogas Plant
Authors: Reinelt Torsten , Liebetrau Jan
Published: October 2019

The two‐year monitoring (732 days) of operational methane emissions from pressure relief valves of the gasholders from an agriculture biogas plant is presented. The monitoring aimed at the identification of major factors influencing the emissions and the effect of mitigation measures deduced from the results. The determined emission factors from the valves of both gastight covered digesters are 1.8 and 0.6 % CH4 loss for the first and second year of investigation, respectively. The emission rates strongly depend on seasonal factors like (fast) changes in ambient air temperature as well as the capacity utilization of the combined heat and power and the operation of the gasholders. The implemented mitigation measures significantly reduced the measured methane emissions in the second year of the investigation.
Unveiling Lithium Roles in Cobalt‐Free Cathodes for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction below 600 °C
Authors: Rehman Ateeq Ur , Li Mengran , Knibbe Ruth , Khan M. Shirjeel , Zhou Wei , Zhu Zhonghua
Published: October 2019

Improving the sluggish electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) over cobalt‐free cathodes at 550–800 °C is imperative to circumvent challenges faced by practical operation of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. In this work, we synthesize novel cobalt‐free, lithium (Li)‐doped, perovskite oxides Sr1‐xLixFe0.8Nb0.1Ta0.1O3‐δ (SLFNTx, x=0–0.1) as cathodes for efficient ORR catalysis. When the Li concentration is less than 0.05, ORR activity is enhanced by over 1.6‐fold in comparison to the undoped SFNT below 600 °C in both symmetrical and anode‐supported single cells configurations. Our comprehensive investigation over crystal structure, surface, and mixed conductivities revealed that a moderate concentration (<0.05) of Li could bestow the perovskite with a stable cubic perovskite structure that contains an optimal concentration of oxygen vacancies and A‐site deficiencies. Such trend originates from the lower electronegativity and smaller size of Li dopant than the strontium host. The lower electronegativity increases oxygen vacancies. The small Li dopant induces thermal‐migration of Li species and creates A‐site deficiency. These insights highlight an effective strategy to advance the performance of cobalt‐free ORR electrocatalyst below 600 °C through in situ thermal surface migration of the A‐site cations.
Demanding energy from carbon
Authors: Yuan Yifei , Lu Jun
Published: October 2019

Carbon is the central element driving the evolution of our human society towards prosperity over several historical stages. As for now, we are in a stage of blossoming sciences and technologies related to carbon materials, as a result of which our ever‐growing energy demand has been largely satisfied. Yet, the expected rise of carbon energy consumption and the emerging environmental concerns have prevented us from being optimistic. To build a sufficiently powered future, we have been revolutionizing our ways of carbon energy utilization by discovering and designing new carbon structures, exploring and enhancing their unique physicochemical properties, and pursuing environmentally friendly strategies. Emerging structures such as graphene and sp‐bonded C18 have allowed us to discover carbon's promising properties such as energy storage and superconductivity, while green energy solutions such as fuel cells and CO2 reduction are working synergistically to purify the ecospheric carbon cycle. Therefore, this essay timely discusses related carbon sciences and technologies that have been the milestones shaping our energy consumption, based on which our energy future can be envisioned to be green and prosperous.
Bequest expectations among the U.S. older adults: The roles of generational differences and personality traits
Authors: Fan Lu , Chatterjee Swarn
Published: October 2019

This study used the 2012 and 2014 panels of the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative dataset, to examine the associations between personality traits, generational cohorts, and bequest expectations among elderly households in the United States. The results indicated that neuroticism was associated with a lower subjective probability of leaving a bequest, and extroversion was associated with a higher subjective probability of leaving a bequest. Income, assets, and educational attainment were also positively associated with self‐reported bequest expectations. Generational differences were observed in the subjective probabilities of leaving bequests. The results of this study help in understanding the psychosocial factors associated with leaving bequests in an aging society, and provide implications for financial planners, practitioners, and policy makers.
A Quantitative Analysis of the Reduction Kinetics Involved in the Synthesis of Au@Pd Concave Nanocubes
Authors: Xie Minghao , Zhou Shan , Zhu Jiawei , Lyu Zhiheng , Chen Ruhui , Xia Younan
Published: October 2019

Surface capping has been shown to play a pivotal role in controlling the evolution of metal nanocrystals into different shapes or morphologies. With the synthesis of Au@Pd concave nanocubes as an example, here we demonstrate that the capping agent can also impact the reduction kinetics of a precursor, and thereby its reduction pathway, for the formation of metal nanocrystals with distinct morphologies. A typical synthesis involves the reduction of a PdII precursor by ascorbic acid at room temperature in the presence of Au nanospheres as seeds, together with the use of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the capping agent. In the case of CTAC, the PdII precursor prevails as PdCl42−, leading to the formation of Au@Pd concave nanocubes with a rough surface because of the fast reduction kinetics and thus the dominance of solution reduction pathway. When switched to CTAB, the PdII precursor changes to PdBr42− that features slow reduction kinetics and surface reduction pathway. Accordingly, the Au@Pd concave nanocubes take a smooth surface. This work demonstrates that both reduction kinetics and surface capping play important roles in controlling the morphology of metal nanocrystals and these two roles are often coupled to each other.
Photoinduced Bending of Single Crystals of a Linear Bis‐Olefin via Water‐Templated Solid‐State [2+2] Photopolymerization Reaction
Authors: Mandal Rajorshi , Garai Abhijit , Peli Simone , Datta Prasanta K. , Biradha Kumar
Published: October 2019

The single crystals of two structural isomers of bis‐olefinic molecules were shown to have contrasting properties in terms of their photoreactivity: one exhibits an excellent ability to form polymers, accompanied with bending of crystals upon irradiation, while the other is photostable. The photoreactive crystal is a first example in which [2+2] polymerization leads to bending of the crystals, with implications for the design of photoactuators. The hydrate formation ability of one of these molecular isomers promotes the solid‐state reactivity in its crystal, as the H2O molecules act as a template to bring the olefin molecules into the required arrangement for [2+2] polymerization. Further, the crystals of the polymer exhibited better flexibility and smoothed surfaces compared to those of the monomers. In addition, under UV‐light the diene emits bluish violet light while the polymer emits green light, indicating that the luminescence property can be tuned through photoirradiation.
Male breast cancer in the United States: Treatment patterns and prognostic factors in the 21st century
Authors: Yadav Siddhartha , Karam Dhauna , Bin Riaz Irbaz , Xie Hao , Durani Urshila , Duma Narjust , Giridhar Karthik V. , Hieken Tina J. , Boughey Judy C. , Mutter Robert W. , Hawse John R. , Jimenez Rafael E. , Couch Fergus J. , Leon‐Ferre Roberto A. , Ruddy Kathryn J.
Published: October 2019

Background

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease for which there is limited understanding of treatment patterns and prognostic factors.

Methods

Men with TNM stage I to stage III breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2014 in the National Cancer Data Base were included. Trends in treatment modalities were described using the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and estimated using Joinpoint software for the analysis of trends. Kaplan‐Meier curves and the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to compare survival between subgroups and to identify prognostic factors.

Results

A total of 10,873 MBC cases were included, with a median age at diagnosis of 64 years. Breast‐conserving surgery was performed in 24% of patients, and 70% of patients undergoing breast conservation received radiotherapy. Approximately 44% of patients received chemotherapy, and 62% of patients with estrogen receptor–positive disease received endocrine therapy. Oncotype DX was ordered in 35% of patients with lymph node–negative, estrogen receptor–positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative tumors. During the study period, there was a significant increase in the rates of total mastectomy, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy, radiotherapy after breast conservation, ordering of Oncotype DX, and the use of endocrine therapy (P < .05). On multivariate analysis, factors found to be associated with worse overall survival were older age, black race, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, high tumor grade and stage of disease, and undergoing total mastectomy. Residing in a higher income area; having progesterone receptor–positive tumors; and receipt of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy were associated with better overall survival.

Conclusions

Despite the lack of prospective randomized trials in patients with MBC, the results of the current study demonstrated that the treatment of this disease has evolved over the years. These findings further the understanding of the modern treatment and prognosis of MBC, and identify several areas for further research.
Current progress in the clinical use of circulating tumor cells as prognostic biomarkers
Authors: Jin Ke‐Tao , Chen Xiao‐Yi , Lan Huan‐Rong , Wang Shi‐Bing , Ying Xiao‐Jiang , Abdi Siyad Mohamed , Wang Wei , Hu Zhi‐Ming , Mou Xiao‐Zhou
Published: October 2019

The process of metastasis is characterized by the shedding of tumor cells into the bloodstream, where they are transported to other parts of the body to seed new tumors. These cells, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), have the potential to reveal much about an individual cancer case, and theoretically can aid in the prediction of outcomes and design of precision treatments. Recent advances in technology now allow for the robust and reproducible characterization of CTCs from a simple blood draw. Both the number of circulating cells and important molecular characteristics correlated with clinical phenotypes such as drug resistance can be obtained and used for real‐time prognostic analysis. Molecular characterization can provide a snapshot of the activity of the main tumor (serving as a “liquid biopsy”) and early warnings concerning changes such as the development of resistance, and aid in predicting the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches for treatment optimization. Herein, the authors review the current clinical use of CTCs as prognostic biomarkers for several different cancers. The quantification of CTCs can lead to more accurate staging and decision making regarding options such as adjuvant chemotherapy.
FNA cytology of postoperative pseudotumoral lesions induced by oxidized cellulose hemostatic agents
Authors: Hernández‐Bonilla Silvia , Rodríguez‐García Ana M. , Jiménez‐Heffernan José A. , Muñoz‐Hernández Patricia , Palacios‐Lázaro Elena , López‐Ferrer Pilar , González‐Peramato Pilar , Vicandi Blanca
Published: October 2019

Background

The use of topically applied hemostatic substances during surgery has become a common practice. In some cases, the material is not absorbed or induces a granulomatous reaction resulting in a pseudotumoral lesion. With imaging studies, it is not possible to differentiate this from a tumor recurrence or abscess. This study describes the authors' cytologic experience with a large series of pseudotumoral lesions induced by oxidized cellulose, one of the most commonly used hemostatic agents. Almost no cytologic descriptions are available in the medical literature.

Methods

Sixteen patients were evaluated, and the most common sites of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) were the mediastinum and thyroid surgical bed. Other locations were the axilla, neck, vulva, liver, and retroperitoneum. All these lesions appeared after surgical procedures in which oxidized cellulose was used as a topical hemostatic agent. The interval time between surgery and FNA varied from 4 to 46 months with a mean of 15 months.

Results

Cytology samples showed very similar findings. In all cases, foreign‐body material with a variable granulomatous reaction was present. Oxidized cellulose was seen as laminated inorganic fragments and most often showed an elongated, quadrangular appearance. Amorphous, ill‐defined fragments as well as a dense proteinaceous background with phagocytic cells were also present.

Conclusions

The current study demonstrates that FNA cytology is a very useful method for the detection of pseudotumoral lesions induced by hemostatic agents. Pathologists must be familiarized with this finding because cytology permits easy differentiation from tumor recurrence.
Highly Photosensitive Daguerreotypes and their Reproduction: Physico‐chemical Elucidation of Innovative Processes in Photography Developed around 1840 in Vienna
Authors: Ljubić Tobisch Valentina , Kautek Wolfgang
Published: October 2019

A physico‐chemical elucidation of the first photographic technology that allowed manifold reproduction is presented. An etched daguerreotype manufactured around 1840 in Vienna, preserved by the Technisches Museum Wien, served as a case study. Surface analysis showed that the photographic process involved the formation of colloidal Ag nanoparticles with sizes of 30–120 nm with shell layers consisting of Ag2O, Ag2S, and some AgCl. This breakthrough photographic technique provided a hitherto unachieved high sensitivity because of various halogenide mixtures without the use of Hg. The image development consisted of the reduction of the Ag halides by H2SO3 created by the hydrolysis of S2Cl2 leading to the formation of Ag nanoparticles adjacent to the Ag nuclei of the latent image. The fixing of the image was performed either by KCN or by Na2S2O3. The investigated plate exhibits etched areas with Ag2O conversion layers and no Cl or S. The gum arabic use for etching preferentially wetted the exposed Ag nanoparticle regions so that unexposed areas could be etched by HNO3.
Pristine‐Graphene‐Supported Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Self‐Assembled from Glucaminium‐Based Ionic Liquids as Metal‐Free Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Ming , Li Tianhao , Jia Lichao , Li Huilin , Yuan Weiyong , Li Chang Ming
Published: October 2019

For the first time, graphene‐supported N‐doped carbon (G@NC) with a high degree of N doping was synthesized by in situ self‐assembly of a glucaminium‐based ionic liquid on pristine graphene under hydrothermal conditions. This 2D, metal‐free nanohybrid exhibited much higher catalytic activity than most reported metal‐free catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and even state‐of‐the‐art Ir‐ and Ru‐based catalysts because the high content of graphitic N greatly increased the number of OER‐active sites, the pristine graphene significantly promoted the OER activity of the C sites adjacent to the graphitic N atoms, and N‐doped graphitic carbon remarkably enhanced the charge‐transfer rate. This work not only creates a facile and economical approach to controllably fabricate pristine‐graphene‐supported carbon with a high N‐doping level for the development of highly efficient metal‐free OER catalysts but also provides insight into the mechanisms for both the in situ self‐assembly and the high OER catalytic activity of G@NC.
Chemoenzymatic Halocyclization of γ,δ‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols
Authors: Younes Sabry H. H. , Tieves Florian , Lan Dongming , Wang Yonghua , Süss Philipp , Brundiek Henrike , Wever Ron , Hollmann Frank
Published: October 2019

A chemoenzymatic method for the halocyclization of unsaturated alcohols and acids by using the robust V‐dependent chloroperoxidase from Curvularia inaequalis (CiVCPO) as catalyst has been developed for the in situ generation of hypohalites. A broad range of halolactones and cyclic haloethers are formed with excellent performance of the biocatalyst.
Understanding and Incorporating God Representations Within Counseling
Authors: Bayne Hannah Barnhill , Tylsova Marie
Published: October 2019

The religious and spiritual identity of a client may be relevant to the counseling process, and thus counselors should be prepared to integrate these components within treatment. The authors consider the assessment and exploration of God representations (i.e., God images and concepts) to understand and integrate religious and spiritual meanings within the context of a client's presenting concerns. The authors provide examples, strategies, and considerations for how to apply God representations within counseling.
Impact of Selected Ethical Information Resources on Counselor Educators' Decision‐Making Regarding Boundary Crossings
Authors: Burns Stephanie T. , Cruikshanks Daniel R.
Published: October 2019

A random sample of 207 counselor educators used 4 ethical information resources in the context of 16 boundary‐crossing scenarios. Burian and Slimp's (2000) social dual‐role relationship model was the only resource to change counselor educators' boundary‐crossing decision‐making in a manner that could mitigate boundary‐crossing concerns with students. Curiously, almost 60% of counselor educators stated that they would not use Burian and Slimp's model in the future when this was the only ethical decision‐making resource that made a difference in boundary‐crossing decision‐making for counselor educators.
The Mediating Effects of Spiritual Bypass on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress
Authors: Fox Jesse , Picciotto Gabriela
Published: October 2019

Spiritual bypass is a defensive psychological posture that prevents people from feeling the pain of difficult emotions or experiences through 2 primary pathways: (a) Psychological Avoidance and (b) Spiritualizing. The authors collected a sample (783 participants) from the general population and tested a parallel mediation model in which 2 factors of spiritual bypass mediated the effect of spirituality on depression, anxiety, and stress. The results demonstrated that Psychological Avoidance and Spiritualizing partially mediated the effect of spirituality on depression and anxiety, whereas they completely mediated the effect of spirituality on stress. The findings are presented in the context of the study's limitations, and implications for clinical practice and research are provided.
Rapid redistribution of agricultural land alters avian richness, abundance, and functional diversity
Authors: Pringle Stephen , Chiweshe Ngoni , Steward Peter R. , Mundy Peter J. , Dallimer Martin
Published: October 2019

The conversion of natural, or seminatural, habitats to agricultural land and changes in agricultural land use are significant drivers of biodiversity loss. Within the context of land‐sharing versus land‐sparing debates, large‐scale commercial agriculture is known to be detrimental to biodiversity, but the effects of small‐scale subsistence farming on biodiversity are disputed. This poses a problem for sustainable land‐use management in the Global South, where approximately 30% of farmland is small‐scale. Following a rapid land redistribution program in Zimbabwe, we evaluated changes in avian biodiversity by examining richness, abundance, and functional diversity.

Rapid land redistribution has, in the near term, resulted in increased avian abundance in newly farmed areas containing miombo woodland and open habitat. Conversion of seminatural ranched land to small‐scale farms had a negative impact on larger‐bodied birds, but species richness increased, and birds in some feeding guilds maintained or increased abundance. We found evidence that land‐use change caused a shift in the functional traits of the communities present. However, functional analyses may not have adequately reflected the trait filtering effect of land redistribution on large species.

Whether newly farmed landscapes in Zimbabwe can deliver multiple benefits in terms of food production and habitat for biodiversity in the longer term is an open question. When managing agricultural land transitions, relying on taxonomic measures of diversity, or abundance‐weighted measures of function diversity, may obscure important information. If the value of smallholder‐farmed land for birds is to be maintained or improved, it will be essential to ensure that a wide array of habitat types is retained alongside efforts to reduce hunting and persecution of large bird species.
Synthetic Strategies towards the Synthesis of Oxyisocyclointegrin
Authors: Smith Robert J. , Hawkins Bill C.
Published: October 2019

Numerous natural products containing oxepine‐fused flavones have been isolated and reported over the last fifty years. This compound class typically possess anti‐proliferative and/or antibacterial properties. Herein we provide a full account of our original synthetic strategies along with further details of our ultimately successful approach to oxyisocyclointegrin.
Postfracturing permeability prediction for CBM well with the analysis of fracturing pressure decline
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyang , Wu Caifang , Wang Ziwei , Xu Dongjing
Published: October 2019

Hydraulic fracturing is a widely used reservoir stimulation technique to exploit CBM in China. Compared with the original permeability of coal reservoir, the postfracturing permeability is more critical for the productivity evaluation of CBM wells. Based on hydraulic fracturing, microseismics monitoring, and well test data of the CBM wells in Zhengzhuang block of Qinshui Basin, this paper proposes a simple method to obtain the fitting pressure by the classic fracturing pressure decline analysis theory under the condition of corrected dynamic overall leakoff coefficient. In addition, the postfracturing permeability of coal reservoir is predicted by the injection well testing theory. The morphology of hydraulic fractures in the study area is mainly determined by in‐situ stress, and most fractures are vertical ones propagating along the direction of the maximum principal stress. The fracturing curves of the study area can be classified into stable curves, stably fluctuating curves, descending curves, ascending curves, and fluctuating curves, where the stable and descending fracturing curves represent better fracturing effect. The length of hydraulic fractures is much greater than the height. The PKN model has been selected as the hydraulic fracture propagation model to analyze the fracturing pressure decline. The slope value of liner segment of G(δ,0) curve is proposed as the criterion for the fitting pressure calculation. The postfracturing permeabilities of coal reservoir range from 1.55 to 8.83 × 10−3 μm2, all of which are remarkably higher than that of the original reservoir.
A novel analytical model of initial fracture pressure for horizontal staged fracturing in fractured reservoir
Authors: Liang Lixi , Ding Yi , Liu Xiangjun , Luo Pingya
Published: October 2019

The horizontal well‐staged fracturing technology has been widely used in many oilfields to enhance well production by creating fracture network. Accurate prediction of fracture initiation is significant for successful hydraulic fracturing operation. However, hydraulic fracture initiation in fractured reservoir is highly tricky due to its rich natural fractures and artificial fractures previously created during staged fracturing. These fractures are thought to be major factors in conducting efficient staged fracturing in fractured reservoir. Therefore, in this paper, induced stress from artificial fractures has been analyzed by using two‐dimensional analytical model. Besides, based on the assumption that rock in the formation is composed by rock matrix and fracture plane, considering tensile and shear failure type, failure criterion with multiple natural fracture planes has been developed. By combining impacts from natural fractures and artificial fractures, we establish an analytical model to calculate initial fracture pressure for horizontal staged fracturing in fractured reservoir. These results demonstrate that induced stress is associated with artificial fractures’ location, height, and number. This induced stress leads to increment of initial fracture pressure, restricting fracture initiation. Due to natural fractures, there are three types of initiation, which are tensile failure along rock matrix, tensile failure along natural fracture, and shear failure along natural fracture plane. When rock failure is related to natural fracture, initial fracture pressure decreases and is variable with natural fracture plane occurrence. Especially, with large number of natural fractures, only one initiation type exists, which is tensile failure along natural fracture. Additionally, for horizontal borehole, influencing extent of fracture planes is associated with wellbore trajectory. The case study proves the applicability of this analytical model, meaning it can be used to guide horizontal staged fracturing in oilfield.
A molecular study of synovial chondromatosis
Authors: Agaram Narasimhan P. , Zhang Lei , Dickson Brendan C. , Swanson David , Sung Yun‐Shao , Panicek David M. , Hameed Meera , Healey John H. , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: October 2019

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a rare benign cartilaginous neoplasm in which recurrent fibronectin 1 (FN1) and activin receptor 2A (ACVR2A) gene rearrangements have been recently reported. Triggered by a case of malignant transformation in SC (synovial chondrosarcoma) showing a novel KMT2A‐BCOR gene fusion by targeted RNA sequencing, we sought to evaluate the molecular abnormalities in a cohort of 27 SC cases using a combined methodology of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and/or targeted RNA sequencing. Results showed that FN1 and /or ACVR2A gene rearrangements were noted in 18 cases (67%), with an FN1‐ACVR2A fusion being confirmed in 15 (56%) cases. Two cases showed only FN1 gene rearrangement, without other abnormalities. A novel FN1‐NFATc2 gene fusion was noted in one case by RNA sequencing. The remaining nine cases showed no abnormalities in FN1 and ACVR2A genes. No additional cases showed BCOR gene alterations. In conclusion, this study confirms that FN1‐ACVR2A fusion is the leading pathogenetic event in SC, at even higher frequency than previously reported. FISH methodology emerges as an appropriate tool in the identification of FN1 and ACVR2A gene abnormalities, which can be used in challenging cases. Further studies are needed to determine the recurrent potential of BCOR abnormalities in this disease.
The extended spectrum of RAS‐MAPK pathway mutations in colorectal cancer
Authors: Costigan Danielle C. , Dong Fei
Published: October 2019

Current clinical guidelines recommend mutation analysis for select codons in KRAS and NRAS exons 2, 3, and 4 and BRAF V600E to guide therapy selection and prognostic stratification in advanced colorectal cancer. This study evaluates the impact of extended molecular testing on the detection of RAS‐MAPK pathway mutations. Panel next‐generation sequencing results of colorectal cancer specimens from 5795 individuals from the American Association for Cancer Research Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (AACR Project GENIE) were included. Mutations in RAS‐MAPK pathway genes were analyzed and functionally annotated. Colorectal cancers had recurrent pathogenic pathway activating mutations in KRAS (44%), NRAS (4%), HRAS (<1%), BRAF (10%), MAP2K1 (1%), RAF1 (<1%), and PTPN11 (<1%). The proportion of colorectal cancers with pathogenic RAS pathway mutations was 37% when only KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations were considered, 46% when also including select KRAS and NRAS exons 2, 3, and 4 mutations, 53% when including BRAF V600E mutations, and 56% when including all pathogenic mutations. Panel next‐generation sequencing testing identifies additional RAS‐MAPK pathway driver mutations beyond current guideline recommendations. These mutations have potential implications in treatment selection for patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Improving fitness increases dentate gyrus/CA3 volume in the hippocampal head and enhances memory in young adults
Authors: Nauer Rachel K. , Dunne Matthew F. , Stern Chantal E. , Storer Thomas W. , Schon Karin
Published: October 2019

Converging evidence suggests a relationship between aerobic exercise and hippocampal neuroplasticity that interactively impacts hippocampally dependent memory. The majority of human studies have focused on the potential for exercise to reduce brain atrophy and attenuate cognitive decline in older adults, whereas animal studies often center on exercise‐induced neurogenesis and hippocampal plasticity in the dentate gyrus (DG) of young adult animals. In the present study, initially sedentary young adults (18–35 years) participated in a moderate‐intensity randomized controlled exercise intervention trial (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02057354) for a duration of 12 weeks. The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between change in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as determined by estimated
MAX, hippocampally dependent mnemonic discrimination, and change in hippocampal subfield volume. Results show that improving CRF after exercise training is associated with an increased volume in the left DG/CA3 subregion in young adults. Consistent with previous studies that found exercise‐induced increases in anterior hippocampus in older adults, this result was specific to the hippocampal head, or most anterior portion, of the subregion. Our results also demonstrate a positive relationship between change in CRF and change in corrected accuracy for trials requiring the highest level of discrimination on a putative behavioral pattern separation task. This relationship was observed in individuals who were initially lower‐fit, suggesting that individuals who show greater improvement in their CRF may receive greater cognitive benefit. This work extends animal models by providing evidence for exercise‐induced neuroplasticity specific to the neurogenic zone of the human hippocampus.
Impact of Wind Speed and Direction and Key Meteorological Parameters on Potential Pesticide Drift Mass Loadings from Sequential Aerial Applications
Authors: Desmarteau Dean A , Ritter Amy M , Hendley Paul , Guevara Megan W
Published: October 2019

Pesticide spray drift is potentially a significant source of exposure to off-target, adjacent aquatic habitats. To estimate the magnitude of pesticide drift from aerial or ground applications, regulatory agencies in North America, Europe, and elsewhere rely on spray drift models to predict spray drift deposition for risk assessments. Refined assessments should ultimately depend on best-available data for exposure modeling. However, when developing lower tier “screening” assessments designed to indicate whether further refinement is needed, regulators often make conservative assumptions with a resulting increased level of uncertainty in estimating environmental exposure or risk. In the United States, it is generally accepted that, to ensure conservative regulatory assessments, it is reasonable to assume that the wind speed might be 4.47 m/s (10 miles per hour [mph]), the relative humidity and temperature are highly conducive to drift, and the wind is blowing directly toward a receiving water for any given single spray event in a season. However, what is the probability these conditions will all co-occur for each of 4 sequential spray events spaced a week apart (common practice for insecticides)? The refined approach in the present study investigates this question using hourly meteorological data sets for 5 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard crop scenarios to understand how real-world data can reduce unnecessary uncertainty for sequential applications. The impact of wind speeds, temperatures, relative humidity, and wind direction at different times of day on annual drift loadings has been examined using a stepwise process for comparison with corresponding regulatory default loading estimates. The impacts on drift estimates were significant; interestingly, the time of day of the applications impacted variability more than did the selected crop scenario. When all these real-world factors were considered, estimated 30-y total drift loads ranged from 2% to 5% greater than the default estimate (2 of 30 cases due to high afternoon wind speeds) to 51% to 86% reductions (25 of 30 cases) with an overall average reduction of 63%. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:197–210. © 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
Highly crystalline ReSe2 atomic layers synthesized by chemical vapor transport
Authors: Xing Lei , Yan Xingxu , Zheng Jingying , Xu Guanchen , Lu Zhixing , Liu Lina , Wang Jinghui , Wang Peng , Pan Xiaoqing , Jiao Liying
Published: October 2019

Two‐dimensional (2D) anisotropic rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) has attracted lots of attention due to its promising applications in electronics and optoelectronics. However, controlled synthesis of high quality ultrathin ReSe2 remains as a challenge. Here we developed an approach for synthesizing high quality 2D ReSe2 flakes with a thickness down to monolayer by chemical vapor transport (CVT) through carefully tuning the growth kinetics. The atomic structures and anisotropy of the obtained ReSe2 flakes were intensively characterized with scanning transmission electron microscope and angle‐resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy. Field‐effect transistors fabricated on the CVT‐grown ReSe2 flakes showed n‐type semiconducting behavior with an on/off current ratio of 105 and a mobility up to ∼5 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is comparable to mechanically exfoliated flakes and is obvious higher than the samples synthesized with other approaches. This study not only make high quality 2D ReSe2 easily accessible for both fundamental and application explorations but also sheds new lights on the chemical synthesis of other anisotropic 2D materials.
Efficacy of a Brief, School‐Based Bystander Bullying Intervention on High School Students' Alcohol Use
Authors: Watts April D. , Doumas Diana M. , Midgett Aida
Published: October 2019

The authors examined the efficacy of a brief bystander bullying intervention on reducing alcohol use among high school students (N = 61). As hypothesized, high‐risk drinkers in the intervention group reported reduced drinking compared with control students at a 30‐day follow‐up.
Analysis of an Alcohol Use Prevention Program for Undergraduate Students
Authors: Hollenbaugh K. Michelle Hunnicutt , Watson Joshua C. , Strickland Karyna S.
Published: October 2019

The authors analyzed data from an online alcohol abuse prevention test. Results showed no statistically significant difference between students charged with university alcohol‐related offenses and those who had not been charged. Implications for counselors and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Bidding for delayed rewards: Accumulation as delay discounting, delay discounting as regulation, demand functions as corollary
Authors: Killeen Peter R.
Published: October 2019

In the accumulation paradigm animals press one manipulandum to accumulate pellets or seconds of access to food, and then press another manipulandum, or run some distance, to collect it. The accumulation may be interpreted as delay discounting, with the animals adjusting the distal amount to compensate for its distance or delay. The amount accumulated before being collected is a linear function of the distance or time that the experimental paradigm stipulates for collecting it. That linear function follows from the Unit‐Price/Unit‐Amount axiom. The inverse of the linear compensation functions gives a delay‐discount hyperbola. The advantages of the accumulation paradigm and analytic framework for delay discounting studies are noted. Compensation functions are then derived from a behavioral regulation model, which generalizes them to contexts where the individual's budget for response cost becomes over‐taxed. In turn, such compensation/regulation models lead directly to representative demand functions. In sum, regulation models provide a theoretical grounding for demand functions, compensation functions, and delay discounting hyperbolas. The parameter that links them is the unit amount k, the slope of the compensation function and of the discount function, the setpoint for consumption in a regulation model, and the ideal quantity consumed at minimal price in a demand analysis.