bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoprotective and antioxidant effect of babassu mesocarp flour extracts
Authors: LIMA Mércia Machado Araújo , ALENCAR Yaron Santos , JESUS Caroline Martins de , DIAS Tatielle Gomes , BARROS Jaqueline Daniele Santos , GUERRA Rosane Nassar Meireles , DUTRA Richard Pereira , REIS Aramys Silva
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT In the search for new natural photoprotective agents, the mesocarp of babassu (Attalea speciosa) stands out as a promising candidate due to its unique chemical composition and regional significance. In this study, we investigated the in vitro photoprotective and antioxidant properties of babassu mesocarp flour extracts and their fractions. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays. The sun protection factor (SPF) was determined through the Mansur assay, and cytotoxicity was determined in RAW cells. The samples exhibited high antioxidant activity, especially in the more polar fractions. The hydroethanolic extract had an SPF of 16.69, while the aqueous extract had an SPF of 14.83. Notably, the hydroethanolic extract exhibited no cytotoxic effects at the tested concentrations. Our findings suggest that babassu mesocarp flour is a potential source for developing photoprotective agents to shield skin from UV radiation and combat free radicals.
O INCONSCIENTE É A POLÍTICA: SOBRE AS DISTOPIAS NA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Birman Joel
Published: November 2023

RESUMO. A intenção deste ensaio é circunscrever na tradição social brasileira recente a problemática do populismo de extrema direita, em uma retomada e repetição do que se passou nos tempos nefastos da ditadura militar. Para isso, vamos destacar a dívida estabelecida pela sociedade brasileira para com os mortos, na medida em que os crimes realizados pela ditadura não foram julgados. Além disso, tal dívida remete a outras dívidas existentes na sociedade brasileira, referentes à tradição escravocrata, assim como as relações patriarcais no registro do gênero.
CONTORNANDO A URGÊNCIA NA ADOLESCÊNCIA: O FIO TÊNUE DA CLÍNICA EM INSTITUIÇÃO
Authors: Silva Patrícia Martins Guimarães Vieira da , Muñoz Nuria Malajovich
Published: November 2023

RESUMO: Abordamos, no presente trabalho, a urgência subjetiva na adolescência, tendo como orientação a prática da psicanálise aplicada ao campo da saúde mental. Situamos a urgência subjetiva e apontamos impasses clínicos relativos ao seu manejo, relacionando-os ao modo como o mal-estar se apresenta na atualidade. A partir de fragmentos clínicos, discutimos a abordagem clínico-institucional, pontuamos a importância da escuta do detalhe e ressaltamos o lugar do analista como parceiro, ajudando a construir uma alteridade que dê suporte à travessia da adolescência.
Conhecimento, atitude e prática dos médicos residentes de ginecologia e obstetrícia de Pernambuco sobre anticoncepção
Authors: Nascimento Henrique Eduardo Silva do , Costa Aurélio Antônio Ribeiro da
Published: November 2023

Resumo Introdução: Anticoncepção corresponde ao uso de métodos e técnicas com a finalidade de impedir que o relacionamento sexual resulte em gravidez. O médico residente em ginecologia e obstetrícia deve estar intimamente familiarizado com as múltiplas opções contraceptivas existentes, o modo de uso, os efeitos colaterais e suas contraindicações. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos identificar o nível de conhecimento, atitude e prática dos médicos residentes de ginecologia e obstetrícia do estado de Pernambuco sobre anticoncepção, determinar sua autopercepção em indicar e contraindicar os métodos contraceptivos, avaliar as melhores indicações clínicas, como prescrevê-los e orientar seu uso. Método: Foi realizado um estudo de inquérito, do tipo corte transversal, com componente analítico. Durante o período de maio a julho de 2022, aplicou-se um questionário à população-alvo, composta pelos médicos residentes de ginecologia e obstetrícia do estado de Pernambuco, e obteve-se um tamanho amostral de 157 respostas, que foram analisadas no programa estatístico Stata, versão 12.0. Resultado: Os métodos contraceptivos mais utilizados por eles foram o ACO, o DIU Mirena, a camisinha peniana e o DIU de cobre. Mais de 90% da amostra afirmou conhecer os critérios de elegibilidade e o índice de Pearl, e pouco mais da metade respondeu corretamente aos casos clínicos sobre contracepção; 52,9% relataram que não faziam uso da dupla proteção, e 40,1% da amostra mencionou que nunca usava camisinha. A maioria dos entrevistados atestou possuir uma boa prática com LARC e com esterilização cirúrgica; uma boa parcela dos residentes entrevistados considerou-se apta a orientar todos os métodos anticoncepcionais. Conclusão: O conhecimento das indicações e contraindicações pode ser considerado satisfatório, apesar de chamar a atenção a presença de uma disparidade entre a autopercepção do saber e os acertos das questões a respeito de casos clínicos específicos. Em relação à atitude, as respostas foram controversas. No âmbito da prática, obtiveram-se os melhores resultados de autopercepção de habilidade, com destaque para a prática com os LARC e a esterilização cirúrgica. As autoavaliações demonstraram que mais da metade da amostra considerou seus conhecimentos, suas atitudes e suas práticas muito satisfatórios e/ou adequados.
Environmental predictors of the life history of the flag tetra Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Characiformes: Characidae) in streams of the Eastern Amazon
Authors: Oliveira Antonio Elivelton Paiva de , Montag Luciano Fogaça de Assis , Rocha Rossineide Martins da , López-Rodríguez Nathalia Carolina , Prudente Bruno da Silveira
Published: November 2023

Abstract This study aimed to characterize the reproductive biology of Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus, and its response to environmental variations in the Eastern Amazon streams. We sampled specimens every two months, between March 2019 and January 2020. The population was evaluated for sex ratio, reproductive activity, growth pattern, condition factor, size at the first sexual maturation, spawning type, and fecundity. We analyzed 180 specimens, which showed a sex ratio of 1.6 males for each female across the whole period, with 2.3 males for each female during the period of greatest reproductive activity. The peak of reproductive activity coincided with higher precipitation periods and was partially predicted by factors such as water temperature, stream discharge, dissolved oxygen, substrate complexity, and electrical conductivity. The length where 50% and 100% of population to reach sexual maturity was 18.0 and 22.0 mm for males and 19.7 and 27.0 mm for females. The oocyte diameters showed a bimodal frequency, with at least two batches of oocytes. The average fecundity of 197 oocytes. The results indicate that this species presents an opportunistic strategy, and the tactics that make up this strategy depend on variations in both the physical structure of the habitat and physicochemical aspects of the water.
Groundwater geochemistry and hydrochemical processes in the Egbako aquifer, Northern Bida Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Aweda Abdulwahid Kolawole , Jatau Benson Shadrach , Goki Nathaniel Gotar
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT Thirty-five groundwater samples from the aquifer were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions to understand the groundwater chemistry and hydrochemical processes in the Egbako aquifer. Laboratory studies identified the major ions while the results were analyzed using different graphical methods and ionic plots. The abundance of the major cations and anions are Ca2+>K+>Na+>Mg2+ and HCO3->NO3->Cl->SO42- respectively. The dominant hydrochemical facies are calcium-bicarbonate (Ca-HCO3), sodium-bicarbonate (Na-HCO3) and mixed calcium-sodium bicarbonate (Ca-Na-HCO3) water types. Interpretation of bivariate and scatter plots indicate silicate weathering, simple dissolution and ion exchange as the dominant processes in the aquifer. Saturation indices reveals evaporites (halite, gypsum and anhydrite) undersaturation, supersaturation in most samples with respect to silicates (quartz and kaolinite) and few samples for carbonate (calcite, aragonite, dolomite). Assessment of the water quality indicate that they are chemically suitable for human consumption except in the agricultural fields of southwestern areas where high nitrate concentration is present.
AS POLÍTICAS DE AVALIAÇÃO E A QUALIDADE EDUCACIONAL NO BRASIL SOB A PERSPECTIVA DE LUIZ CARLOS DE FREITAS
Authors: Garcia Luciane Terra dos Santos , Algebaile Eveline Bertino , Morais Arécia Susã
Published: November 2023

RESUMO Analisa-se a produção intelectual de Luiz Carlos de Freitas com o objetivo de apreender a concepção de qualidade educacional que ele defende. Adota-se revisão da literatura, abrangendo artigos sobre o tema da qualidade educacional associado às políticas de avaliação. Freitas defende a concepção de qualidade social sob o enfoque da qualidade negociada e crítica em contraposição à concepção empresarial, que enfatiza redução de recursos e de conteúdos, favorecendo interesses de corporações e a meritocracia na educação.
Democracia, Populismo e Discurso do Voto Impresso: Análise de Conteúdo no Facebook por Mineração de Texto e Redes Semânticas
Authors: Oliveira Augusto Neftali Corte de
Published: November 2023

Resumo A discussão sobre o voto impresso produziu grande mobilização nas redes sociais digitais. Esta pesquisa investiga se o discurso favorável sobre o voto impresso, promovido por um conjunto de usuários no Facebook, pode ser enquadrado como uma ameaça populista à democracia. Uma proposição teórica é apresentada: o populismo é uma ameaça à democracia quando seu discurso promove o antagonismo entre a soberania popular e os mecanismos liberais-representativos. A investigação emprega métodos de mineração de texto e de redes semânticas, os quais aborda em utilidades e limites. O corpus inclui 29.124 postagens, produzidas por 6.277 usuários. Revela-se que o discurso favorável, além de dominar em volume, distingue-se no conjunto de postagens. Ele é característico do discurso populista, portando elementos como o antagonismo nós/eles, teor conspiratório, valores atribuídos ao povo e portados pelo “nós”. É antidemocrático na medida em que não antagoniza apenas adversários políticos, mas órgãos gestores e processos da democracia brasileira. Uma contribuição do artigo é indicar a utilidade dos recursos de mineração de texto e de redes semânticas quando atores empregam formas não institucionais de interação para ameaçar a democracia.
HISTORICAL POLICY AND MEMORIAL CULTURE OF MODERN HUNGARIAN SOCIETY
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Kyrchanoff M. W.
Published: November 2023

This study analyzes the current memory policy in modern-day Hungary during the early 2020s. The author studies the role and place of intellectual communities as the main spaces of the genesis of memory and the functioning of memorial cultures and collective historical memory in modern social and political thought of Hungary. The article demonstrates that the intellectual community, as a systemic component of contemporary Hungarian society, plays a vital role in developing and transforming memorial culture. Additionally, Hungarian intellectual agents of historical memory politics and shapers of various memorial cultures engage in a spectrum of memorial practices that range from historical revisionism to attempts to create a liberal memorial canon. Thirdly, the memorial practices of the modern intellectual community are linked to the development of nationalist discourse, represented by ethnic and civic nationalisms. Besides, the participation of intellectuals in memorial politics actualizes the political and ideological heterogeneity of modern Hungarian society, contributing to the simultaneous development and competition of various forms of historical memories, stimulating memorial confrontations and memory wars. It is assumed that the role of society in the historical politics of modern Hungary will increase, and intellectuals as memory activists will remain among the main active participants of memorial politics.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: MULTILEVEL POLITICS AND CONSTELLATION OF ACTORS
Authors:   Perm State University, Markova Yu. S. , Isobchuk M. V. ,   Perm State University
Published: November 2023

Globally implemented concept of sustainable development in Russia takes the form of Sustainable Development Goals, which may serve as an example of multi-level governance. This article aims to analyze the implementation of ESG in the context of multi-level governance from the perspective of the subject-actor composition, and models of relationships between these actors. The authors use a case study strategy and examine the implementation of the ESG in two municipalities of the Perm region: Krasnokamsk and Nytvensky districts. The main research materials for this article are the results of 19 in-depth interviews with representatives of municipal authorities and civil society organizations. The study reveals the subjectivity and functionality of specific ESG actors. The key actors are found to be supra-local and municipal authorities, businesses and NGOs. The media and the public tend to act as a source of support for the implementation of ESG by the aforementioned actors. Two models of relationships between actors of ESG implementation in municipalities are formulated: coordinating and implementing. The variability of the models is shown to be due to political, administrative, and other local conditions. The study also confirms the hypothesis that the implementation of a multi-level policy in Russia is largely hindered by institutional, resource and organizational barriers.
COMMON AND SPECIFIC IN APPROACHES TO ENSURING SOCIETAL SECURITY AS CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE EU AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   HSE University, Gatskovskaya V. А.
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic was a challenge for the EU as an integration association and for all its member states. To counteract the cross-border crisis triggered by the coronavirus, policies within the association and the interaction of member states had to be clearly coordinated. In reality, however, the approaches taken by member states to deal with the pandemic differed at almost every stage of it. An example of that was the Czech Republic and its unique approach to a significant number of aspects of crisis management. Using the concept of societal security as a theoretical basis, the article analyzes the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic to the EU, revealing the specifics of the Czech Republic's approach to crisis management (in comparison with the general European approach), and analyzing the public perception of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related crisis management policies at the EU and Czech Republic levels. It is concluded that the peculiarities of the approach to social security in the Czech Republic are primarily due to the peculiarities of the perception of the coronavirus as a threat, as well as to the anti-crisis policies implemented at the Czech and EU levels.
World’s barite resources as critical raw material
Authors: Boyarko G.  Yu. , Bolsunovskaya L.  M.
Published: November 2023

The relevance of the work is connected with the status of barite as a critical mineral raw material, as accepted in most industrialized countries.

Purpose: to study the dynamics of commodity flows (production, import, export, consumption) of barite throughout the countries, its world prices, sources of barite raw materials and the prospects for its production and consumption.

Methods: statistical, graphic, logical.

Results. The production of barite raw materials from 0,3 Mt/year in 1920s grew intensively and reached 8.0–9.6 Mt/year in the 2010. Initially, both the mining and processing of barite raw materials industries were located directly in the USA, Germany, Britain, Italy, and France. These countries accounted for over 90% of world production and 80–95% of world consumption. In the 1950s, a sharp increase in the consumption of barite as a weighting agent for drilling fluids began. This led to an increase in its production in large oil and gas producing countries (the USA, the USSR, Mexico, Canada), export flows (from Morocco and other countries), and cessation of exports from Germany, Britain and France. The share of international trade in barite also increased from 0,3–0,5 Mt/year in the 1950s to 4.2–6.0 Mt/year (55–70% of his income) in the 2010s. The cumulative world production of barite between 1920–2020 is expected to be 550 Mt. World barite resources in deposits prepared for exploitation are estimated at 740 Mt. The group of critical countries importing barite raw materials (imports over 50%) represents 38.8% of the GDP of the world economy (USA, European Union, Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Kuwait, Norway, Oman, Algeria, Malaysia, Indonesia, UAE, Azerbaijan, Argentina). The group of countries exporting barite raw materials includes 31.0% of the GDP of the world economy (India, Morocco, China, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Iran, Laos, Mexico, Pakistan, Bulgaria. A decrease in the criticality of barite raw material supply is possible as a result in reducing consumption (Japan, France, Italy and the Czech Republic), increasing world barite production with the commissioning of new deposits, given the significant prepared resources of this raw material in Iran, Kazakhstan and Pakistan, as well as the search for new barite deposits, including chemogenic marine bottom sediments.
Problems of Credit Financing Arms Supplies to Russia from Japan during World War I
Authors: Sinichenko Vladimir , Belozertsev Sergey
Published: November 2023

The relevance of the topic is related to the fact that currently, within the conditions of a special military operation in Ukraine, the problem of mobilizing the economy to meet the military needs is becoming of key importance. At the same time, close study of the history of lending for military and technical cooperation between Russia and other countries and the practices of their legal registration will help avoid a number of mistakes made during the First World War by the Russian authorities when managing the economy in a military conflict. Russian researchers have studied in sufficient detail various aspects of the Russian economy performance during the WWI. They described the scale of measures taken by the government bodies in the financial and industrial sphere and assessed the results of the Russian government's activities in the socio-economic sphere at large. However, the deterioration of the general socio-economic situation in the country was, apart from the causes identified by the researchers, also due to ineffective measures taken by the government within the then existing credit and financial system, including in its relatively narrow segment such as lending for import transactions. The purpose of this paper is to identify the shortcomings of the Japanese arms supply credit system to Russia during the WWI. The authors conclude that the Russian Empire credited import operations for the purchase of weapons and military equipment at the expense of its allies, primarily the financial and credit institutions of the British Empire, which gave rise to a bureaucratic mechanism that was not always successful in organizing imports from third countries, including Japan. An attempt to negotiate with the Japanese authorities for a direct loan to the Russian government resulted in failure.
Economic Cooperation of Krasnoyarsk Krai (Territory) with Chinese Regions at the Beginning of the XXI Century (Based on Records of the Krasnoyarsk Krai State Archive)
Authors: Domozhakova Angelina , Datsyshen Vladimir
Published: November 2023

The article deals with the development of economic cooperation between Krasnoyarsk Krai (Territory) and the regions of China in the first decade of the XXI century. The relevance of the study is in the need to draw on the historical experience of Russia-China relations for the successful development of economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China at the present stage. Currently, China is a priority strategic partner for Russia and a key focus of its foreign policy. Problems of interregional cooperation are in the focus of the study. Krasnoyarsk Krai has been cooperating most closely in economic sphere with three provinces of Northeast China, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, developing cooperation with southern regions of China. At the beginning of the 21st century, Russia's regions developed international cooperation, building on the experience of the previous decade, but in a new historical context. The authors, for the first time ever, introduce the records that they discovered at the Krasnoyarsk Krai State Archive. These documents show the mutual interest of Russian and Chinese regions in developing cooperation in different sectors of the economy and reflect the problems that hampered the development of economic cooperation, the case of Krasnoyarsk Krai in the first decade of the XXI century.
“Are There Any Goods Hidden under Your Clothes?”: Excerpts on the History of Combatting Smuggling at the Kyakhta Customs
Authors: Shirapov Aldar , Dorzhiev Naydan-Zhargal
Published: November 2023

The article gives a brief description of the trade in the town of Kyakhta, examines the conditions, causes of the emergence and growth of smuggling, reveals methods and specifics of fighting illegal import/export of goods through the Kyakhta customs in the pre-revolutionary period. The task of the Kyakhta Customs, established simultaneously with the trading post in 1727, was not only the collection of duties to replenishing the treasury, but also the fight against smuggling. As the turnover of the Kyakhta trade increased and various restrictions were imposed by both the Russian Empire and Qing China, the assortment and volume of smuggled goods and methods of their delivery changed. At the same time, customs service methods aimed at fighting smuggling were improved. Legislative and normative legal acts, record keeping and reporting documents of Fund 102 "Kyakhta Customs" of the State Archives of the Republic of Buryatia, materials of pre-revolutionary periodicals allowed identifying a diverse arsenal of ever more complicated methods and ways to counteract illegal import/export of goods - from erection of special structures and ambushes to introduction of round-the-clock border patrols and development of a system of fines and punishment for smugglers. However, despite the legislative restrictions and prohibitions established by the state and the efforts made by the Kyakhta customs officers, the problem of combating smuggling remained intractable.
Correlations Between Criminal Law and Psychometric Indicators of Persons Convicted for Terrorism and Extremism: Analysis Results
Authors: Kazberov Pavel
Published: November 2023

The goal of the study was to identify the significant (correlation coefficient from 0,6 and higher) positive and negative correlations between criminal law and psychometric characteristics of persons convicted for crimes of terrorism and extremism who are serving their sentences in penal institutions.
The correlations between the psychometric (test, psychological) indicators of criminals and their criminal law characteristics, especially quantitative ones, are significant for understanding the causes connected with the personality of a criminal in general and those contributing to crimes of terrorism and extremism in particular. The hypotheses (ideas) regarding the nature of committing terrorist and extremist crimes required a mathematical-statistical verification.
A considerable amount of empirical material was collected, it includes psychodiagnostics test results of 700 persons belonging to category under consideration, as well the results of analyzing their criminal law characteristics found in the courts’ judgements (sentences) concerning the terrorist and extremist crimes they committed.
Later, by using a statistical-mathematical method, the author identified significant positive and negative correlations between the analyzed characteristics. Their interpretation revealed a logical inter-sectoral connection between a number of psychological and criminological indicators that are mutually complimentary. These connections became the basis for defining specific measures that could contribute to effective correctional influence on inmates of penal institutions serving sentences for crimes of terrorism and extremism.
Improving the Procedure of Medical Examination for Drug Intoxication in the System of Prevention of Drug Trafficking: Russian and Foreign Experience
Authors: Tsukanov Nikolai , Kokhan Rustam
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the statistical data of illegal drug consumption and drug-related crime in the Russian Federation, the CIS countries, the UK, the USA, the People's Republic of China, and the Republic of India. There are two approaches to organizing the registration and assessment of the number of drug users in the states under consideration. The differences lie in the specific features of national legal models of medical examination for the state of drug intoxication.
In the Russian Federation, the CIS countries, and the People's Republic of China, a medical examination for drug intoxication is used by the police officers as a measure of administrative coercion in an extrajudicial procedure. In addition to ensuring road safety and protecting public order, a medical examination for drug intoxication also helps to reveal and identify drug users and people with drug addiction for their further treatment, rehabilitation, and preventive work. The extrajudicial procedure and the simplicity of medical examination for drug intoxication allow the police to ensure a high frequency of its use. A systematic record of people who use illegal drugs is carried out.
In the US, UK, and India, illegal actions while under the influence of drugs in public places and driving while intoxicated are punishable, whereas the facts of drug use, in the absence of immediate public danger, remain outside the attention of the police. As a judicial procedure needed for authorizing a medical examination for drug intoxication, such an examination is used less frequently. Studies of the extent of drug abuse in these countries are based on the citizen survey methods.
The authors question the validity of using the same methods of assessing the level of drug addiction of the general population and the involvement of drug users in criminal activities for countries with different models of medical examination for drug intoxication.
In order to assess the drug situation in the Russian Federation, it is proposed that measures should be taken to improve the methods for recording cases of drug consumption that were identified in the process of medical examination, as well as for registering persons who are under regular medical monitoring in drug treatment institutions. This would make it possible to use the information of drug consumption established in the process of medical examination as the main assessment tool, and the indirect methods (questionnaires, expert assessments) as the auxiliary one.
Criminal Proceedings Against Certain Categories of Persons: Russian and International Aspects
Authors: Zavgorodneva Ekaterina
Published: November 2023

The article examines the question of including criminal procedure guarantees for persons with a special status into Russian and international legislations. The author disagrees with the opinion of scholars that the very existence of Chapter 52 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation contradicts the constitutional principle of universal equality before the law and the courts. At the same time, a critical assessment is given to the absence of this principle in Russian criminal procedure legislation. The author compares the scope of people entitled to criminal procedure immunity with the legislation of other countries, primarily, the CIS countries, whose legal culture is most similar to that of Russia. It is noted that the legislators of foreign countries have a different approach to determining both the scope of such people and the limits of immunity established by law. Specifically, a positive assessment is given to the exception of guarantees against criminal prosecution to the judicial immunity in Kazakh and Polish legislations, and the limitation of functional immunity for the members of the US Congress to the period of Congressional sessions in the United States. It is concluded that different countries have different approaches to determining the scope of persons with a special procedural status: in some of them, functional immunity is seen as vital for special persons performing acts of state, while in others the institute of functional immunity is applied to a wide range of officials whose work is sometimes not connected with acts of state. Russian legislation is among the latter, as it contains an extensive list of persons immune from criminal prosecution. Nevertheless, according to the author, a special and more complex procedure for certain categories of persons enshrined in Russian criminal procedure legislation is objectively justified, and the legal basis for its validity is the priority of the principle of separation of powers and independence of the actions of persons representing them, over the principle of universal equality before the law.
Limitations on the rights of migrant workers: Is a compliant and consistent approach being followed?
Authors: Newaj Kamalesh
Published: November 2023

Migration has become a global phenomenon and South Africa, like many other countries, is a recipient of migrant workers. Migrant workers can be classified under five categories: permanent residents, refugees, asylum seekers, temporary residents, and undocumented migrants. This article focuses on documented migrants and their right to engage in work. Integral to the right to work is the right to choose one's trade, occupation or profession freely. This is a constitutionally protected right, but is reserved exclusively for citizens, which implies that migrant workers can be lawfully excluded from working in certain occupations or professions. This ties in with South Africa's obligation to protect employment opportunities for citizens. However, South Africa has immigration laws in place that afford substantial rights to certain categories of migrants. Furthermore, as a member of the UN and International Labour Organisation (ILO), South Africa has certain international law obligations. Against this backdrop, this article engages with the recent Constitutional Court decision of Rafoneke v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services where temporary residents were denied the right to be admitted to practise and be authorised to be enrolled as legal practitioners. The article seeks to establish whether this decision, which has been viewed as disappointing, complies with international law and upholds the legal principles endorsed in preceding cases.
Do women face discrimination under the Islamic law of succession? An examination of the male-preferential 2:1 rule of inheritance
Authors: Sungay Mohamed Hoosain
Published: November 2023

There is a common belief that women's rights and Islamic Sharfah law (finding its basis in the Holy Qur'an and the Prophetic teachings) are intrinsically at odds with one another. The 2:1 ratio of inheritance in favour of the male, which is enshrined in the Holy Qur'an, is the subject of this article's investigation into whether the Islamic law of succession discriminates against women. The paper explores the justification for this controversial rule, and further indicates that it is merely a general rule, not an absolute one. To address the main query of this article, a range of primary and secondary sources that cover various facets of this rule and its implementation are relied upon. The article demonstrates that, contrary to popular belief and much beyond what "modern civilisation" has provided, Sharfah law grants women far more rights than might initially be thought to exist.
21st-century South African teachers in turbulent educational waters
Authors: Botha Marga , de Jager Sarina , Evans Rinelle
Published: November 2023

Teachers in the South African education system face numerous challenges that negatively affect their well-being and contribute to the high attrition rate in the teaching profession. Given that few studies in the South African context focus on teacher well-being, this article fills that gap by exploring how teachers experience profession-related challenges and how these affect their well-being. By merging the force field model (Samuel & van Wyk, 2008) and the PERMA model (Seligman, 2011) as theoretical frameworks, four forces, namely contextual, institutional, programmatic, and biographical, were used as a lens to explore the push and pull factors that impact the well-being of teachers. Data were collected using eight electronic open-ended questions and eight semi-structured individual interviews (case studies). The findings revealed that factors teachers identified as pushing them away from the profession were unsatisfactory remuneration, lack of resources, uninvolved parents, learner diversity, and an overwhelming workload. Pull factors that attracted them to the profession were the stability and convenience of following a teaching career, feeling valued, and being passionate about facilitating learning.
Business studies teachers' understanding and implementation of flipped learning in technology-enhanced classrooms
Authors: Gcabashe Nduduzo Brian
Published: November 2023

There is a growing demand nowadays for teachers to shift from teacher-centred to learner-centred teaching methods. In accordance with this, novel teaching methods such as flipped learning have been devised. This study explores business studies teachers' understanding and implementation of flipped learning in technology-enhanced classrooms. This qualitative study is underpinned by an interpretive paradigm. A phenomenology research design was adopted and six business studies teachers from six secondary schools located in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa were conveniently sampled. Interviews and classroom observations were used to collect data. Thematic analysis was adopted to analyse data collected through the interviews, and data generated through classroom observations were also analysed thematically. The study found that some teachers did not fully understand and implement flipped learning. Therefore, the study recommends that teachers undergo in-service training to orientate them to novel teaching methods such as flipped learning.
Enhancing inclusive education through active student teacher participation: A case study of a university in Cape Town
Authors: Mosito Cina P.
Published: November 2023

Addressing the needs of a diverse learner population remains one of the most pressing education concerns of the 21st century. One of the issues debated is whether a responsive teacher education curriculum caters for the needs of student teachers, and how effective it is in preparing student teachers for teaching in diverse situations. It is essential to locate this issue within teacher education given the expectations on graduate teachers to deliver socially just pedagogies in school terrains that are often marked by deep inequalities. The Covid-19 pandemic has illuminated these inequalities, which have become the subject of all educational discourses. This study foregrounds student teacher voices regarding how they experienced curriculum reforms towards inclusive education in the Bachelor of Education (BEd) programme at a university in Cape Town, South Africa. Specifically, the study engages with how different modes of curriculum delivery position student teachers as both recipients and co-creators of the intended knowledge and skills-and who can engage in critical interaction with the learning material, and provoke self-scrutiny among student teachers and lecturers. This qualitative interpretivist study was framed around constructs of cognitive apprenticeship, guided participation, participatory appropriation, and border crossing. Data were collected through focus group interviews. It was found that an approach to learning in which student teachers are positioned as knowledge collaborators leads to the meaningful appropriation of some aspects of a curriculum on inclusive education.
Trends and challenges of higher education in Nigeria: Fine and applied arts technological literacy
Authors: Ajayi Noah O. , Luckay Melanie B.
Published: November 2023

Digitisation has transformed art education. This study examines the trends and challenges faced by higher education art lecturers in fine and applied arts (FAA) in Nigeria, focusing on technological literacy- specifically, the availability, accessibility, and usability of digitised teaching and learning tools. A technology-based theoretical framework, namely van Dijk's (2005) resource and appropriation theory formed the theoretical framework. This qualitative study was conducted at two higher education institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 20 student teachers and four FAA lecturers through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and classroom observations and analysed by generating themes. The findings suggest that FAA lecturers are guided by their technological literacy-creating pathways for digital usage and access for teaching and learning. The study could encourage curriculum planners to develop policies that advance technological literacy that meet the needs of art education in a global society.
Rotas (ECO)Turísticas para o Município De Sobradinho – RS: um instrumento de planejamento da paisagem
Authors: Redin Janaína , Weiss Raquel
Published: November 2023

O ecoturismo visa utilizar as atividades turísticas com o patrimônio natural e cultural de forma sustentável, promovendo a consciência ambiental e o bem estar das populações. Neste sentido, o presente artigo, visa apresentar uma proposta de planejamento (eco)turístico para o município de Sobradinho, localizado no centro do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, dada as características da paisagem do território municipal, que se destaca por valores culturais frutos da conservação e herança de gerações, além das belezas naturais e cênicas existentes no local. O estudo tem como objetivo, a partir do diagnóstico do município, planejar rotas (eco)turísticas, aliadas a um planejamento ambiental que preserve e conserve a fauna e flora. A metodologia envolve estudos bibliográficos de autores relacionados ao tema proposto, elaboração de mapeamentos base e temáticos com uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento e sobreposição de mapas, bem como a realização de visitas a campo. Como resultados, identificaram-se problemáticas e potencialidades do município, que foram suporte para a definição de um planejamento e da criação de rotas temáticas voltadas às atividades (eco)turísticas, tanto com viés ambiental natural, econômico e cultural para Sobradinho - RS.
GGAssmbler Library Construction v1
Authors: Yakir Hoch Shlomo , Netzer Ravit , Hakeny Karen , J Fleishman Sarel
Published: November 2023

This protocol describes methods for GGAssembler.
Связь транспозонов с изменением видо-специфичности фитопатогена Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-cucumerinum
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр «Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук», Комиссаров Э.Н. , Афордоаньи Д.М. , Валидов Ш.З.
Published: November 2023

Вид Fusarium oxysporum (Fox) является фитопатогенным несовершенным грибом, наносящим ущерб сельскому хозяйству. Его внесистемно подразделяют на специальные формы, способные поражать определенного растения-хозяина. Количество описанных специальных форм уже превышают сотню [1]. Специфичность Fox связывают с группой генов, именуемой SIX (Secreted in Xylem), локализованных на одной хромосоме богатой мобильными элементами. Комбинация указанных генов считается ключом к способности инфицировать определенное растение. У Fox не обнаружена половая стадия развития, в связи с чем разнообразие специальных форм и связанных с ними комбинаций генов SIX приписывается мобильным элементам генома [3]. В данной работе используется специальная форма, вызывающая корневые гнили огурца, а не сосудистое увядание [2]. Корневая гниль является более общим по своей сути заболеванием, что позволило получить штамм, который смог вызвать поражения корней томатов, не теряя вирулентности к огурцам. Состав SIX генов, являющихся ключевыми для заражения огурца и томатов, у полученных мутантов не изменился. Однако был установлен факт перемещения транспозонов у мутантных форм путём рестрикции генома по сайтам, расположенным на мобильных элементах с последующим лигированием и инвертированным ПЦР.
Bio-Heuristics Inspired by Fauna (Review)
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Taganrog, Russian Federation, Kureychik V. V. , Rodzin S. I. ,   Southern Federal University, Taganrog, Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in publications devoted to new metaheuristics for the effective solution of optimization problems for which classical methods do not provide acceptable results with reasonable time and resources. The review focuses on bio-heuristics inspired by fauna, which account for about half of the publications of meta-heuristics in the last ten years, and which model patterns of behavior of individuals of the animal world. The review is organized taking into account the biological classification of fauna and the simulated mechanisms of animal behavior. The analysis of the mechanisms used to ensure a balance between the convergence rate of the algorithm and the diversification of the solution search space is also given.
Ships Route Planning Based on Navigation Historical Data and Traffic Intensity
Authors:   Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation, Grinyak V. M. , Devyatisilnyi A. S. ,   Institute of Automation and Control Processes, FEBRAS, Vladivostok, Russian Federation, Petrov V. A. ,   Maritime State University named after admiral G. I. Nevelskoy, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

This work is about maritime safety. The paper considers the problem of planning a route for a vessel to cross water areas with heavy traffic. It should be borne in mind that the trajectory of the vessel should be consistent with established navigational practices and collective navigation experience. In this case, it seems productive to plan a route based on data on the movement of other ships that were in the water area earlier (the same idea underlies the methods of "big data" tasks). In the works published earlier, such route planning was based on a cluster analysis of retrospective data on the movement of ships, which involved dividing the water area into sections and highlighting characteristic values of speeds and courses in them. The problem with this approach was the choice of partitioning parameters, which had to be set for each specific water area separately. In this paper, another approach is proposed, when the graph of possible routes includes a selection of the trajectories of individual ships that were previously implemented in the selected water area. This work is a further development of methods for solving the problem of ship route planning in areas with heavy traffic. The proposed method is based on the formation of a graph of possible routes from a set of intersecting broken lines, each of which represents a previously implemented route. Each edge of the graph is assigned a measure of its "popularity", which characterizes the proximity of other edges to it. The shortest path on a weighted graph is constructed considering not only the geometric length of the edges, but also the measure of their "popularity". The route found in this way will lie among the most frequently used trajectories. Samples of route panning for Vladivostok water area are presenting in this paper.
A Short Review on Fluoride and Arsenic Constituents in Nigerian Groundwater Networks: Causes, Effects and Suggested Removal Methods
Authors: Adagunodo Theophilus Aanuoluwa , Ojoawo Ayobami Ismaila
Published: November 2023

The quality of water cannot be overlooked as it is an important element required by every being in existence. Water majorly is used as drinking water and if not properly looked after could lead to various health and environmental issues. Fluoride and arsenic are naturally occurring pollutants with their sources being traced to either anthropogenic or geogenic contributions. It is imperative to note that excessive consumption of fluoride and arsenic in water could result to serious health challenges. Elevated constituents of fluoride and arsenic in water have been reported in the northern and southern parts of Nigeria, but their concentrations are more prevalent in the north. The contaminants have been traced to some activities such as mining, improper disposal sites, agricultural practices, industrial effluents among others. Adsorption process has been suggested as the cost effective and environmentally friendly defluoridation, while nanofiltration membranes is the best removal process for arsenic in water.
Innovation and Development of Public Fiscal Administration Through E-Learning
Authors: Methusela Perrocha  , Roger B. Rueda
Published: November 2023

In an era characterized by rapid technological advancement and the growing importance of effective public fiscal administration, this study explores the integration of e-learning technologies at the Guimaras State University (GSU) to enhance education and professional development in the field. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to investigate the impact of e-learning on students and professionals engaged in public fiscal administration programs at GSU. Quantitative results reveal that a significant majority of participants perceived e-learning as highly useful and user-friendly. The findings align with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), emphasizing the importance of perceived usefulness and ease of use in e-learning adoption. Moreover, participants reported a positive impact on their learning experiences, citing the flexibility of e-learning, multimedia resources, and interactive elements as key contributors to improved knowledge acquisition. Qualitative insights from interviews underscored the convenience of remote access, the ability to self-pace learning, and the interactive nature of e-learning materials. Challenges such as technical issues and the need for effective support services were also identified. This study's conclusions highlight the potential of e-learning to enhance public fiscal administration education and professional development. Recommendations include enhancing technical support services, providing ongoing training for faculty, expanding e-learning content and resources, fostering an online learning community, conducting longitudinal studies on career outcomes, and sharing best practices with other institutions. Guimaras State University's experience in innovating public fiscal administration education through e-learning offers valuable lessons for higher education institutions seeking to harness technology for academic and professional advancement in critical fields. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on the role of e-learning in higher education and professional development, emphasizing the need for continued adaptation and improvement to meet evolving learner needs and challenges.