bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with the availability and affordability of essential cardiovascular disease medicines in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Lotfizadeh Ali , Palafox Benjamin , Takallou Armin , Balabanova Dina , McKee Martin , Murphy Adrianna
Published: March 2022

Despite their potential to prevent or delay the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), medicines for CVD remain unavailable and unaffordable to many in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We systematically reviewed the literature to identify factors associated with availability and affordability of CVD medicines in LMICs. A protocol for this study was registered on the PROSPERO register of systematic reviews (CRD42019135393). We searched Medline, EMBASE, Global Health, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EconLit, Social Policy and Practice, and Africa Wide Information for studies analyzing factors associated with the presence of medicines (availability) or the price of these medicines as it relates to ability to pay (affordability) in LMICs. We performed a narrative synthesis of the results using an access to medicines framework that examines influences at different levels of the health system. We did not conduct a meta-analysis because of the differences in analytic approaches and outcome measures in different studies. The search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Of 43 studies meeting inclusion criteria, 41 were cross-sectional. Availability and affordability were defined and measured in different ways. A range of factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, facility tier, presence of medicines on national essential medicine lists, and international subsidy programs were examined. The studies had variable quality and findings were often inconsistent. We find gaps in the literature on factors associated with availability and affordability of CVD medicines, particularly at the health program level. We conclude that there is a need for experimental and quasi-experimental studies that could identify causal factors and effective responses. Such studies would help further our understanding of how complex multifactorial influences impact these outcomes, which could inform policy decisions. Along with this, greater standardization of definitions and measurement approaches of availability and affordability are needed to allow for more effective comparisons.
The association between pre-pregnancy body mass index and perinatal death and the role of gestational age at delivery
Authors: Bone Jeffrey N. , Joseph K. S. , Mayer Chantal , Platt Robert , Lisonkova Sarka
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The pathophysiology behind the association between obesity and perinatal death is not fully understood but may be in part due to higher rates of pregnancy complications at earlier gestation amongst obese women. We aimed to quantify the proportion of perinatal deaths amongst obese and overweight women mediated by gestational age at stillbirth or live birth.

Methods

The study included all singleton births at ≥20 weeks’ gestation in British Columbia, 2004–2017, and excluded pregnancy terminations. The proportion of the association between BMI and perinatal death mediated by gestational age at delivery (in weeks) was estimated using natural effect models, with adjustment for potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses for unmeasured confounding and women missing BMI were conducted.

Results

Of 392,820 included women, 20.6% were overweight and 12.8% obese. Women with higher BMI had a lower gestational age at delivery. Perinatal mortality was 0.5% (1834 pregnancies); and was elevated in overweight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.37) and obese women (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.36–1.77). Mediation analysis showed that 63.1% of the association between obesity and perinatal death was mediated by gestational age at delivery (natural indirect effect AOR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.23–1.42, natural direct effect AOR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.32). Similar, but smaller effects were seen when comparing overweight women vs. women with a normal BMI. Estimated effects were not affected by adjustment for additional risk factors for perinatal death or sensitivity analyses for missing data.

Conclusion

Obese pregnancies have a higher risk of perinatal death in part mediated by a lower gestational age at delivery.
Analysis of transcribed sequences from young and mature zebrafish thrombocytes
Authors: Fallatah Weam , De Ronika , Burks David , Azad Rajeev K. , Jagadeeswaran Pudur
Published: March 2022

The zebrafish is an excellent model system to study thrombocyte function and development. Due to the difficulties in separating young and mature thrombocytes, comparative transcriptomics between these two cell types has not been performed. It is important to study these differences in order to understand the mechanism of thrombocyte maturation. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of the young and mature zebrafish thrombocytes and compared the two datasets for young and mature thrombocyte transcripts. We found a total of 9143 genes expressed cumulatively in both young and mature thrombocytes, and among these, 72% of zebrafish thrombocyte-expressed genes have human orthologs according to the Ensembl human genome annotation. We also found 397 uniquely expressed genes in young and 2153 uniquely expressed genes in mature thrombocytes. Of these 397 and 2153 genes, 272 and 1620 corresponded to human orthologous genes, respectively. Of all genes expressed in both young and mature thrombocytes, 4224 have been reported to be expressed in human megakaryocytes, and 1603 were found in platelets. Among these orthologs, 156 transcription factor transcripts in thrombocytes were found in megakaryocytes and 60 transcription factor transcripts were found in platelets including a few already known factors such as Nfe2 and Nfe212a (related to Nfe2) that are present in both megakaryocytes, and platelets. These results indicate that thrombocytes have more megakaryocyte features and since platelets are megakaryocyte fragments, platelets also appear to be thrombocyte equivalents. In conclusion, our study delineates the differential gene expression patterns of young and mature thrombocytes, highlighting the processes regulating thrombocyte maturation. Future knockdown studies of these young and mature thrombocyte-specific genes are feasible and will provide the basis for understanding megakaryocyte maturation.
A regulator of G protein signaling 5 marked subpopulation of vascular smooth muscle cells is lost during vascular disease
Authors: Gao Ya-Kun , Guo Rui-Juan , Xu Xin , Huang Xiao-Fu , Song Yu , Zhang Dan-Dan , Chen Ning , Wang Xiao-Wei , Liang Chen-Xi , Kong Peng , Han Mei
Published: March 2022

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) subpopulations relevant to vascular disease and injury repair have been depicted in healthy vessels and atherosclerosis profiles. However, whether VSMC subpopulation associated with vascular homeostasis exists in the healthy artery and how are their nature and fate in vascular remodeling remains elusive. Here, using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to detect VSMC functional heterogeneity in an unbiased manner, we showed that VSMC subpopulations in healthy artery presented transcriptome diversity and that there was significant heterogeneity in differentiation state and development within each subpopulation. Notably, we detected an independent subpopulation of VSMCs that highly expressed regulator of G protein signaling 5 (RGS5), upregulated the genes associated with inhibition of cell proliferation and construction of cytoskeleton compared with the general subpopulation, and mainly enriched in descending aorta. Additionally, the proportion of RGS5high VSMCs was markedly decreased or almost disappeared in the vascular tissues of neointimal formation, abdominal aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis. Specific spatiotemporal characterization of RGS5high VSMC subpopulation suggested that this subpopulation was implicated in vascular homeostasis. Together, our analyses identify homeostasis-relevant transcriptional signatures of VSMC subpopulations in healthy artery, which may explain the regional vascular resistance to atherosclerosis at some extent.
Strengths and challenges of a school-based sexual and reproductive health program for adolescents in Chile
Authors: Obach Alexandra , Sadler Michelle , Cabieses Báltica , Bussenius Pascale , Muñoz Patricia , Pérez Claudia , Urrutia Carla
Published: March 2022

Background

Adolescent sexual and reproductive health services in Chile have been primarily provided through health centers. Although some school-based initiatives have been implemented, to date, these have not been assessed. This study aims to identify strengths and challenges of the affectivity and sexuality component of the school-based 3A Program, a health program which seeks to prevent risk behaviors and promote healthy lifestyle habits within public schools (addressing health topics which in Spanish begin with the letter ‘A’, hence ‘3A’), implemented in the municipality of Lo Prado, city of Santiago.

Methods

We carried out a qualitative study with a descriptive-interpretative approach in three schools. We conducted in-depth interviews with students, teachers, health professionals, and school principals (N = 44); and focus groups with students (N = 3), teachers and health personnel (N = 3). The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Participants highlight the integrative approach to health and to sexual and reproductive health promoted in the 3A Program, which is enhanced by the collaboration of interdisciplinary health teams. Permanent and expedited student access to sexual and reproductive health care is achieved, and affectional bonds are developed between students and the Program’s health staff. The Program assists female participants to imagine and form identities that are not inherently tied to motherhood. It also assists boys and LGBTQ+ adolescents in feeling included as relevant actors in sexual and reproductive health and decision making. The delivery of contraception in schools is highly valued. The most significant challenge identified is ensuring effective and ongoing collaboration between health staff and teachers.

Conclusion

Participants value the effectivity and sexuality component of the 3A Program as an initiative to improve adolescents’ access to sexual and reproductive health care. Our findings suggest that this Program could be replicated throughout the region and the country to improve the quality and accessibility of health services for adolescents.
Differentiation of self and its relationship with marital satisfaction and parenting styles in a Spanish sample of adolescents’ parents
Authors: Mozas-Alonso Marta , Oliver Jesús , Berástegui Ana
Published: March 2022

The present study aims to test some of the assumptions of Bowen’s Family Systems Theory, specifically, to assess the relationships between differentiation of self (DoS), marital satisfaction and parenting styles, as well as the gender differences in these variables in a Spanish sample. The sample includes 140 Spanish non-single adults, over 30 years old, who have at least one adolescent son or daughter, aged between 12 and 19 years old. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Differentiation of Self Scale, the Warmth Scale-Parents, the Rules and Demands Scale-Parents and the Satisfaction subscale of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. The results show DoS is related to marital satisfaction, and parenting styles’ dimensions. Regarding gender, women show higher emotional reactivity and warmth-communication than men do. Furthermore, marital satisfaction mediates the relationship between DoS and parental warmth-communication, criticism-rejection and inductive form. Finally, implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
A CRISPR-Cas9 screen reveals a role for WD repeat-containing protein 81 (WDR81) in the entry of late penetrating viruses
Authors: Snyder Anthony J. , Abad Andrew T. , Danthi Pranav
Published: March 2022

Successful initiation of infection by many different viruses requires their uptake into the endosomal compartment. While some viruses exit this compartment early, others must reach the degradative, acidic environment of the late endosome. Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) is one such late penetrating virus. To identify host factors that are important for reovirus infection, we performed a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) screen that targets over 20,000 genes in fibroblasts derived from the embryos of C57/BL6 mice. We identified seven genes (WDR81, WDR91, RAB7, CCZ1, CTSL, GNPTAB, and SLC35A1) that were required for the induction of cell death by reovirus. Notably, CRISPR-mediated KO of WD repeat-containing protein 81 (WDR81) rendered cells resistant to reovirus infection. Susceptibility to reovirus infection was restored by complementing KO cells with human WDR81. Although the absence of WDR81 did not affect viral attachment efficiency or uptake into the endosomal compartments for initial disassembly, it reduced viral gene expression and diminished infectious virus production. Consistent with the role of WDR81 in impacting the maturation of endosomes, WDR81-deficiency led to the accumulation of reovirus particles in dead-end compartments. Though WDR81 was dispensable for infection by VSV (vesicular stomatitis virus), which exits the endosomal system at an early stage, it was required for VSV-EBO GP (VSV that expresses the Ebolavirus glycoprotein), which must reach the late endosome to initiate infection. These results reveal a previously unappreciated role for WDR81 in promoting the replication of viruses that transit through late endosomes.
Living the dream: Executives’ strategic decision-making and the interdependence of ‘pure’ luxury and masstige
Authors: Roeraas Erik , Loranger David
Published: March 2022

Many companies such as Ralph Lauren and Michael Kors have had success selling both high-end luxury and middle-end ‘masstige’ brands, as consumers seek luxury labels at affordable prices. There have been studies into consumption of both luxury and masstige products, however, few inquiries have attempted to understand this phenomenon through interviews with luxury company executives. This study aimed to understand luxury executives’ perceptions of ‘pure luxury’ versus masstige in order to update current literature and theoretical frameworks. Interviews were conducted with nine (n = 9) luxury executives. Major themes of balance and cohesion and value emerged; sub-themes and minor themes are outlined.
A Retórica como paradigma filosófico
Authors: Ribeiro Henrique Jales
Published: March 2022

O autor visa mostrar como e porque é que a retórica, em vez da filosofia propriamente dita, pode e deve constituir, sobre as matérias de que se ocupa, um paradigma interdisciplinar das investigações a desenvolver pela filosofia e pelas ciências de maneira geral. Analisa atentamente, nesta perspetiva, o “estado da arte” sobre o assunto, revendo a respetiva bibliografia, e faz um conjunto de propostas fundamentais para se alcançar um tal objetivo.
Judith Buttler e a não-violência como força política e ética na luta pela igualdade
Authors: Afonso Irandina
Published: March 2022

A não-violência não se reduz a uma posição moral individualista. Como luta coletiva contra a violência sistémica ou instituída configura uma forma efetiva de agência e de poder político com um compromisso ético global pela igualdade. Sob esta perspetiva, a sua análise proporciona outros entendimentos de indivíduo, da igualdade e dos fundamentos dos laços sociais, noções que se redesenham no âmbito de um mundo social cada vez mais interdependente.
Oxidative stress and proteolysis system in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dyakov D. A. , Akbasheva O. E.
Published: March 2022

Background: In establishing the diagnosis — type 2 diabetes, there is a trend of multiple increases every year, which is a health issue. According to the state register, the statistics of patients with diabetes in Russia is about 17% of the total population of the country. The prevalence of diabetes is steadily increasing every year. Today, diabetes mellitus is the leader among the prevalence of non-communicable diseases after cancer, cardiovascular diseases, often leading to disability and death.

Aim: To study the relationship between oxidative stress and the «proteinase-inhibitor» system in diabetes mellitus 2.

Materials and methods: An observational single-center single-stage sample study was conducted with the participation of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a control group (practically healthy individuals). the activity of elastase-, trypsin-like proteinases, α1-proteinase inhibitor, the content of bityrosine as an indicator of oxidative modification of proteins and the state of lipid peroxidation were determined by spectrophotometric method in all subjects in blood plasma: the concentrations of TBK-active products and antioxidants-the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase.

Results: It was shown that in type 2 diabetes mellitus, the content of TBA of active products (an indicator of lipid peroxidation) increases by 2.34 times and the concentration of bityrosine — an indicator of oxidative modification of proteins, which was negatively dependent on the activity of a proteinase inhibitor (-0.79, p=0.03) increases by 7 times. A decrease in the activity of the proteinase inhibitor (by 23%) was accompanied by an increase in the activity of elastase — and trypsin-like proteinases, respectively, by 1.2 and 2.3 times, compared with practically healthy individuals. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase increased by 8.2 and 6.4 times, respectively.

Conclusion: An increase in oxidative stress and oxidative modification of proteins is accompanied by a decrease in the activity of the proteinase inhibitor and an increase in the activity of elastase-, trypsin-like proteinases, as well as antioxidant enzymes.
Gestational diabetes mellitus: current screening problems
Authors: Volkova N. I. , Panenko S. O.
Published: March 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized as hyperglycemia, first detected during pregnancy, yet not meeting the criteria for “manifest” diabetes mellitus. GDM is one of the most common gestational complications. This pathology is associated with many adverse pregnancy outcomes, both on the part of the mother and the fetus. The problem of identifying GDM has acquired particular relevance and significance for the healthcare system at the moment due to the steady increase in the prevalence of such risk factors of GDM as obesity and late pregnancy. The history of screening and diagnosis of GDM has undergone a number of significant changes in a short time. Currently, different clinical guidelines offer different approaches to GDM screening, thus, a unified approach to identifying this pathology has not yet been formulated and adopted. The purpose of this review was to discover the current clinical guidelines for the detection of GDM at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy, including historical context of their origin and development, to describe these approaches, as well as to critically evaluate them with a discussion of the main advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Impact of COVID-19 infection on the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents
Authors: Khaydarova F. A. , Alimova N. U. , Alieva A. V. , Sadykova A. S. , Aripova M. D.
Published: March 2022

Children did not escape the COVID-19 pandemic. Although, in general, the course of viral infection in children is mild, the question of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on a child and adolescent, in particular, on pancreatic beta cells, remains unclear.

Аim: Тo study the characteristics of children with diabetes mellitus identified after COVID-19 infection.

Materials and methods: This article presents the preliminary results obtained from children and adolescents hospitalized at the RSSPMCE clinic with the newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus after COVID infection, as well as a systematic review of 61 clinical cases (case series study).

Results: Of the 120 children hospitalized at the RSSPMCE clinic with newly diagnosed diabetes, 15 were diagnosed with diabetes after COVID-19 infection, all in a state of diabetic ketoacidosis. Only 20% of children knew about the previous COVID-19 infection, the course of the disease was mild, in 80% of children the infection was asymptomatic. At the time of diabetes onset, all children had a high level of HbA1c - above 10%, a low level of vitamin D, high levels of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (IgG), and the need for insulin was above the average.

Conclusion: The SARS CoV-2 virus could be the direct cause of the development of diabetes mellitus in children, even with the asymptomatic course of the viral infection. However, the question remains about the exact classification of diabetes after COVID-19 in children. It is necessary to inform the population about the first signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus in order to timely consult a doctor for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
Novel GLIS3 mutation in patient with neonatal diabetes mellitus and congenital hypothyroidism (NDH-syndrome)
Authors: Tikhonovich Yu. V. , Chernich L. G. , Velikanov I. N. , Polyakova V. M. , Vasilyev E. V. , Petrov V. M. , Shreder E. V. , Glavatskich Е. V. , Tyulpakov A. N.
Published: March 2022

Mutations in the GLIS3 gene encoding the GLIS3 transcription factor are cause of a rare syndromic form of neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) with congenital hypothyroidism. Additional features include congenital glaucoma, hepatic fibrosis, polycystic kidneys, developmental delay and other anomalies. This disease in foreign literature is called NDH-syndrome (Neonatal diabetes and Hypothyroidism syndrome).

We present the description of a patient with this syndrome with novel homozygous GLIS3 mutation.

Our patient is a female, who was born with a weight of 1680 gr, length of 44 cm to consanguineous parents. She developed diabetes on 2 day after birth, requiring continuous intravenous insulin. On day 5 of life hypothyroidism was identified. ­Thyroid anatomy was normal on ultrasound scan. NDH syndrome was suspected.

Genetic analysis revealed a novel homozygous mutation c.1836delT, p.Ser612ArgfsTer33 in exon 5 in GLIS3 gene.

To date, the patient is followed up for 4 years in total. Currently, growth retardation, psychomotor and speech development persist. Carbohydrate metabolism and thyroid profile has been subcompensated against the background of replacement therapy. No other components of the syndrome have been identified.

In this report, we have demonstrated the features of the neonatal diabetes mellitus in a patient with a defect in the GLIS3 gene. Early genetic verification of the diagnosis contributes to the timely starting of personalized therapy, can improve the quality of life of such patients, and, given the nature of inheritance, is necessary for medical genetic counseling of the family.
Effects of orthopedic postoperative rehabilitation treatments in dogs
Authors: Kang Hyo-Min , Nahm Sang-Soep
Published: March 2022

Rehabilitation treatments after orthopedic surgery promote postoperative healing in humans. In veterinary medicine, there is increased interest in rehabilitation treatments because they are potentially beneficial to animals in the post-operation period. This study examined the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment in dogs that underwent orthopedic surgeries, including femoral head & neck ostectomy (FHNO) and medial patellar luxation treatment (MPLT). The group that received the rehabilitation treatment after FHNO showed a significantly shorter recovery length of 6.62 weeks compared to those that did not receive the treatment. The other group that received the rehabilitation treatment after MPLT showed a significantly shorter recovery length of 5.01 weeks compared to those that did not receive the treatment. For the qualitative evaluation, the types and frequencies of rehabilitation treatments were monitored. The rehabilitation programs used frequently were heat therapy, laser therapy, passive range of motion, exercise therapy, and aquatic therapy. A standard rehabilitation program after hindlimb surgery was suggested based on the quantitative and qualitative investigation. The results add additional evidence that showed the beneficial effects of rehabilitation treatments in dogs.
Tracing surrogate bacteria inoculated on hide through the beef slaughtering process
Authors: Kim Seongjoon , Kim Sukwon , Kim Sung Kwan , Choi Kwanghoon , Kim Jinman , Choe Nonghoon
Published: March 2022

Many countries have imposed regulations relating to concerns that hide contamination will affect the cleanliness of abattoirs. However, South Korea has not indicated any clear criteria. The purpose of this study is to use surrogate bacteria to measure the contamination in abattoirs caused by contaminated cattle hides. The swab contact method and plate count method are used. Surrogate bacteria are found in most internal environments after the final process. These surrogates remained on the carcass even after the final washing process. This paper is the first study in South Korea that use surrogate bacteria to analyze contamination levels in abattoirs.
Высшее образование в режимах государств всеобщего благосостояния: обзор исследований
Authors: Малиновский Сергей Сергеевич , Шибанова Екатерина Юрьевна
Published: March 2022

Вопрос о месте высшего образования в государственной политике распределения общественных благ актуализируется на фоне его экспансии и усиления роли в определении жизненных шансов. В статье рассматриваются дефициты и перспективные направления академической дискуссии о системах высшего образования в разных моделях (режимах) государств всеобщего благосостояния. Используется метод критического обзора исследований. На основе сравнения доступности образования, институционального дизайна образовательных систем и социальной стратификации выделены характерные для либерального, консервативного и социально-демократического режимов профили распределения высшего образования.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-113-50369.
Способствует ли физическая активность молодежи отказу от вредных привычек?
Authors: Хоркина Наталья Алексеевна , Гритчина Валерия Михайловна , Садыкова Эндже Альбертовна , Лопатина Марина Валерьевна
Published: March 2022

В центре внимания статьи — оценка воздействия физической активности на потребление алкогольных и табачных изделий в группе молодых россиян в возрасте от 18 до 24 лет. Эмпирический анализ основан на данных Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ (RLMS HSE) за период 2013–2019 гг. Панельная выборка включала 9914 наблюдений (4726 мужчин и 5188 женщин). В результате эконометрического анализа установлено, что физически активные мужчины, как и предполагалось, более склонны вести здоровый образ жизни: вероятность курения и потребления алкоголя для них меньше по сравнению с теми, кто не уделяет внимание занятиям физкультурой и спортом. В то же время предположение о том, что молодые женщины, занимающиеся физическим упражнениями, менее подвержены вредным привычкам, не подтвердилось: была выявлена положительная корреляция между занятиями физической активностью данной группы респондентов и вероятностью потребления ими спиртных напитков, а также между интенсивностью занятий физическими упражнениями и вероятностью курения. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть полезны при разработке мер государственной политики по стимулированию молодых россиян к активизации образа жизни и отказу от вредных привычек.
Благодарность. Исследование поддержано Факультетом экономических наук Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» в рамках работы авторов в Исследовательской рабочей группе по оценке результативности государственных социальных программ и отдельных мер социальной политики в 2020-2021 гг.
Факторы восприятия селебрити в коммуникации по вопросам здоровья о ВИЧ
Authors: Шантырева Любовь Викторовна , Тюленева Кристина Сергеевна
Published: March 2022

В центре внимания статьи находятся особенности использования образов знаменитостей в коммуникации по вопросам здоровья — значимом инструменте, способствующем предотвращению заболеваний, повышению осведомленности и ответственности при принятии решений о поддержании своего физиологического состояния. Как образ знаменитости влияет на эффективность коммуникации? Какие черты, личные и профессиональные, имеют наибольшее значение? Концептуальная основа исследования выстраивается вокруг понятий доверия и сенситивности, а также роли образа в восприятии. Статья основывается на анализе коммуникации, построенной на участии селебрити и направленной на информирование о ВИЧ-инфекции. Эмпирически статья опирается на материалы фокус-групповых обсуждений с использованием стимульных материалов (6 групп, 36 участников в возрасте 18—25 лет, показаны фильмы о ВИЧ с участием селебрити). Анализ полученных данных свидетельствует, что наличие образа знаменитости в коммуникации по вопросам здоровья повышает эффективность восприятия: увеличивает заинтересованность в тематике сообщения, влияет на запоминаемость информации, в то время как отсутствие селебрити в стимульном материале аналогичной тематики имеет обратный эффект. Показано, что внешний вид и половая принадлежность знаменитости не оцениваются в качестве значимых факторов подобной коммуникации, а харизма, личный опыт и экспертность способны оказать положительное воздействие на восприятие информации.
Благодарность. Материал подготовлен в рамках гранта Факультета коммуникаций, медиа и дизайна Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» «Селебрити и платформы».
Длительность интереса жителей США к террористическим актам: зависит ли она от политических взглядов?
Authors: Подлипская Ольга Геннадьевна
Published: March 2022

В работе исследуется динамика общественного внимания к террористическим актам, произошедшим в США в 2012—2020 гг., в зависимости от политических предпочтений населения штата. Из 7 включенных в рассмотрение террористических атак 5 были совершены радикальными исламистами, одна — правым экстремистом, одна не имела политической направленности. В качестве независимой переменной используется процент голосов, полученный республиканским кандидатом в данном штате на выборах, ближайших к дате события (рассматриваются выборы 2020, 2016 и 2012 гг.). Изучается динамика количества онлайн-запросов, сделанных на тему конкретного теракта пользователями из данного штата в поисковой системе Google. Данные получены с помощью сервиса Google Trends. В качестве меры спада интереса к событию используется отношение числа запросов в первые два дня после события, к числу запросов в четвертый и пятый дни. Исходная гипотеза исследования состоит в том, что теракт, совершенный правым экстремистом, будет дольше удерживать общественное внимание в демократических штатах, а теракт радикальных исламистов — в республиканских. Результаты подтвердили первую часть гипотезы, однако оказались неоднозначными в отношении второй части. Внимание к исламистским терактам удерживалось дольше в демократических штатах (в меньшей мере, чем для теракта правого экстремиста), однако для четырех из рассмотренных в работе терактов корреляция внимание с политической позицией штата оказалась статистически незначимой. Теракт, не имеющий политической направленности, значимо дольше удерживал общественное внимание в республиканских штатах. Таким образом, по спаду общественного внимания теракты дифференцируются в первую очередь не по линии «исламистские — расистские», а по линии «политически мотивированные — не политически мотивированные». Возможное объяснение полученных результатов состоит в том, что демократы более склонны к обсуждению политических вопросов в целом.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 20-11-20059 «Математические модели, теория игр и эмпирический анализ в исследовании информационных противоборств в социуме») в Институте прикладной математики им. М.В. Келдыша РАН.
Gedanken zur Engagementpolitik in der 20. Wahlperiode
Authors: Bahr Ulrike , Döring Felix , Fäscher Ariane , von Malottki Erik
Published: March 2022

Demokratie lebt vom zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagement. Darum hat sich die neue Regierungskoalition im Koalitionsvertrag ganz grundsätzlich zur Engagementförderung bekannt und die groben Linien skizziert. Die Autor:innen, die in der 20. Wahlperiode in der SPD-Bundestagsfraktion diesen Politikbereich verantworten werden, erläutern im Folgenden die Pläne und Schwerpunkte, vom Ausbau einzelner Programme über Strukturförderung bis hin zu einem geplanten Demokratiefördergesetz.
Measuring and assessing indeterminacy and variation in the morphology-syntax distinction
Authors: Tallman Adam J. R. , Auderset Sandra
Published: March 2022

We provide a discussion of some of the challenges in using statistical methods to investigate the morphology-syntax distinction cross-linguistically. The paper is structured around three problems related to the morphology-syntax distinction: (i) the boundary strength problem; (ii) the composition problem; (iii) the architectural problem. The boundary strength problem refers to the possibility that languages vary in terms of how distinct morphology and syntax are or the degree to which morphology is autonomous. The composition problem refers to the possibility that languages vary in terms of how they distinguish morphology and syntax: what types of properties distinguish the two systems. The architecture problem refers to the possibility that languages vary in terms of whether a global distinction between morphology and syntax is motivated at all and the possibility that languages might partition phenomena in different ways. This paper is concerned with providing an overarching review of the methodological problems involved in addressing these three issues. We illustrate the problems using three statistical methods: correlation matrices, random forests with different choices for the dependent variable, and hierarchical clustering with validation techniques.
Ultrafast photonics applications of emerging 2D-Xenes beyond graphene
Authors: Zhang Huanian , Sun Shuo , Shang Xinxin , Guo Bo , Li Xiaohui , Chen Xiaohan , Jiang Shouzhen , Zhang Han , Ågren Hans , Zhang Wenfei , Wang Guomei , Lu Cheng , Fu Shenggui
Published: March 2022

Driven by new two-dimensional materials, great changes and progress have taken place in the field of ultrafast photonics in recent years. Among them, the emerging single element two-dimensional materials (Xenes) have also received much attention due to their special physical and photoelectric properties including tunable broadband nonlinear saturable absorption, ultrafast carrier recovery rate, and ultrashort recovery time. In this review, the preparation methods of Xenes and various integration strategies are detailedly introduced at first. Then, we summarize the outcomes achieved by Xenes-based (beyond graphene) fiber lasers and make classifications based on the characteristics of output pulses according to the materials characterization and nonlinear optical absorption properties. Finally, an outlook of the future opportunities and challenges of ultrafast photonics devices based on Xenes and other 2D materials are highlighted, and we hope this review will promote their extensive applications in ultrafast photonics technology.
The crystal structure of (2E,4E)-1-ferrocenyl-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one, C21H18FeO
Authors: Zhang Jingxiao , Huang Xuezhen
Published: March 2022

C21H18FeO, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.8577(3) Å, b = 11.2160(5) Å, c = 24.1507(11) Å, β = 92.803(2)°, V = 1584.80(13) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0383, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0755, T = 170 K.
A review of atomic layer deposition modelling and simulation methodologies: Density functional theory and molecular dynamics
Authors: Sibanda David , Oyinbo Sunday Temitope , Jen Tien-Chien
Published: March 2022

The use of computational modelling and simulation methodologies has grown in recent years as researchers try to understand the atomic layer deposition (ALD) process and create new microstructures and nanostructures. This review article explains and simplifies two simulation methodologies, molecular dynamics and the density functional theory (DFT), in solving atomic layer deposition problems computationally. We believe that these simulation methodologies are powerful tools that can be utilised in atomic layer deposition. DFT is used to solve problems in surface science and catalysis (predicting surface energy, adsorption energy, charge transfer,etc.), semiconductors (band structure, defect bands, band gap,etc.), superconductors (electron–phonon coupling, critical transition temperature), and molecular electronics (conductance, current–voltage characteristics). Molecular dynamics (MD) is used to predict the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of a material. Of interest in this article is a review where different material problems emanating from atomic layer deposition from these fields have been addressed by DFT and MD. Selected publications are discussed where DFT and MD have been successfully applied in atomic layer deposition (and related processes in some instances). The applications of DFT stretch from binding energy calculations of molecules and the solid band structure in chemistry and physics, respectively, computing the electron density up to determining the properties of a many-electron system. Also highlighted in this review study are the challenges that DFT and MD simulations must overcome.
Facile synthesis and adsorption characteristics of a hybrid composite based on ethyl acetoacetate modified chitosan/calcium alginate/TiO2 for efficient recovery of Ni(II) from aqueous solution
Authors: Nawaz Imran , Shehzad Hamza , Ahmed Ejaz , Sharif Ahsan , Farooqi Zahoor H. , Din Muhammad Imran , Begum Robina , Irfan Ahmad , Liu Zhirong , Zhou Limin , Ouyang Jinbo
Published: March 2022

In this study, chemical modification of chitosan has been carried out using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent and ethyl acetoacetate as a modifier to graft acetoacetyl moiety. The said organo-functionalization on chitosan and sodium alginate not only offered a novel support for TiO2 immobilization but also enhanced sorption performance for Ni(II) recovery from aqueous medium. So, a composite consisting of acetoacetyl moiety grafted chitosan, sodium alginate and titanium oxide (EAA-MCS/TiO2) was prepared and characterized by fourier transform-infra red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hybrid composite (3EAA-MCS/TiO2) which had TiO2 to EAA-MCS mass ratio of 20.0% by weight showed maximum sorption efficiency. The formulated sorbent was conditioned in the form of hydrogel beads for operation. Isothermal sorption and kinetics studies were performed at pH = 6.0 to configure the nature of sorption. Pseudo-2nd order rate expression better explained the sorption kinetics and chemisorption is the predominant mode of uptake. Langmuir adsorption model better explained the sorption process (R
2 ∼ 0.99) and maximum monolayer sorption capacity (q

m
) at sorption/desorption dynamic equilibrium was computed as 403 mg/g at optimized pH.
KOLESTEROL DÜŞÜRÜCÜ ETKİLERE SAHİP LACTOBACILLUS SPP. SUŞLARININ PEYNİRDE BAŞLATICI KÜLTÜR OLARAK KULLANIMI
Authors: FIRINCIOĞULLARI Beste , ÖNER Zübeyde
Published: March 2022

Fermente süt ürünlerinde çok sayıda probiyotik mikroorganizma kullanılmaktadır. Bunlar içerisinde en yaygın olarak kullanılan laktik asit bakterileri (LAB), serum kolesterol seviyesinin düşürülmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada tulum peynirinden izole edilmiş Lactobacillus spp. suşlarının kolesterol asimilasyon yetenekleri belirlenmiş ve toplam kolesterol asimilasyonu %12.19 ile %68.22 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Kolesterol asimilasyon yeteneği yüksek olan LAB’ların safra ve asit dayanımları safra tuzu dekonjugasyonları incelenmiş ve MALDI TOF MS ile tanımlamaları yapılmıştır. Bunlar arasından seçilen mikroorganizmalarla başlangıç kültür kombinasyonları oluşturulmuş ve bu kombinasyonlardan peynir üretimleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Peynir gruplarının 90 günlük depolama süresince ticari başlangıç kültürü ile üretilen kontrol peynirine kıyasla kolesterol asimilasyon yeteneklerindeki değişim HPLC ile aroma maddeleri üretimleri GC-MS ile belirlenmiştir. 90 günlük depolamanın sonunda kolesterol asimilasyonu 1. grup peynirde %52.85, 2. grup peynirde %33.12 ve kontrol peynirinde %30.02 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çoğunlukla peynirde aroma maddesi olarak 2.3 bütandion, asetoin, asetik asit, kaprilik asit ve etanol olduğu belirlenmiştir.
FONKSİYONEL DONDURMA: ELMA, BAL KABAĞI VE PORTAKAL LİFİ İLE ZENGİNLEŞTİRME
Authors: GÜRPINAR Seçkin , DAĞDEMİR Elif , TOPDAS Elif Feyza
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada elma, portakal ve bal kabağı meyvelerinden üretilen diyet liflerinin farklı konsantrasyonlarda (%1.5 ve %3.0) dondurma üretiminde kullanımının kalite ve besinsel özellikler üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Elma, portakal ve balkabağı liflerinin kuru madde değerlerinin benzer olduğu, buna karşılık protein, kül, pH ve renk parametreleri (L*, a* ve b*) arasında farklılıkların bulunduğu görülmüştür. En yüksek su bağlama ile şişme kapasitesi değerleri bal kabağı lifinde, en yüksek çözünürlük değeri ile toplam fenolik ve flavonoid madde içerikleri ise elma lifinde belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak meyve lifi ilavesi dondurmaların kuru madde, protein, kül ve viskozite değerlerini artırırken pH, yağ ve hacim artışı değerlerini düşürmüştür. Meyve lifi ilavesi L* değerlerini azaltmış, a* ve b* değerlerinde ise artışa neden olmuştur. Tüm lifler ilave edilme oranlarına paralel olarak dondurmaların toplam fenolik ve flavonoid madde içeriklerini artırmıştır. Duyusal açıdan %1.5 oranında lif içeren örnekler daha fazla beğenilmiş ve balkabağı lifi içeren dondurmalar diğer çeşitlerden daha fazla tercih edilmiştir.
The Predictive Value Of Umbilical Cord Blood Total IgE Levels In Allergic Diseases
Authors: Dib Ghazal , Doya Leen Jamel , Ismaeel Mayya , Ismaeel Yazan
Published: March 2022

Allergic diseases in children have increased significantly. In recent years, it affects up to 35% of children. The current study aimed to investigate the value of the umbilical cord blood total IgE levels in the prediction of the development of allergic diseases during 8 years of follow-up. Methods — In cross-sectional study included 500 infants who were born in the obstetrics department at Tishreen and Al-Assad University Hospitals during the period 2007-2015. Questionnaires were administered after the birth included gender, gestational age, birth weight, mode and season of delivery, smoking during pregnancy, and family history of allergic diseases. Umbilical cord blood total IgE levels were measured. The infants were followed up for eight years for subsequent development of allergic disorders. Results — 214 (42.8%) of 500 newborns had high umbilical cord blood total IgE levels. We followed 143 of 214 newborns for 8 years; there was an allergic family history in 51.7% of newborns. During the following period, allergic diseases developed in 76.22% of the children with high umbilical cord blood total IgE levels. Allergic symptoms in children varied between nasal allergy (19.6%), skin allergy (eczema and urticarial) (25.2%), childhood asthma (31.5%). The rate of allergic symptoms development in the presence of two factors (family history and high umbilical cord blood total IgE) was 51.7%. Conclusion — We found a high prevalence of allergic diseases in children with high umbilical cord blood total IgE. The current study could be used as a preventative strategy to reduce the risk of allergic diseases by predictive of subsequent.
A Supportive-Educative Intervention For Tuberculosis Patients: Integrated Self-Care And Family-Centered Nursing
Authors: Melizza Nur , Hargono Rachmat , Makhfudli
Published: March 2022

Aim — This study aims to evaluate the effect of supportive educative system intervention on Tuberculosis (TB) patient’s family support. Material and Methods — This study was a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design, conducted in the Public Health Center (PHC) of Kedungkandang and Ciptomulyo with 48 respondents. The respondents were divided into the control group with standard PHC intervention (n=24) and the treatment group with standard PHC intervention added with the supportive educative system (n=24). The data were analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test. Results — There was a significant difference in family support between treatment and control. The results indicated that a supportive educative system significantly increases family support (p=0.003). Interestingly, PHC standard intervention showed improvement in family support (68.46±73.58) than supportive educative system (74.29±75.83). Supportive educative system interventions were less effective than standard PHC interventions. It could be influenced by sample characteristics, time of the study, control of variables, and other factors. Conclusion — Supportive educative interventions are effective in improving family support but are no better than standard PHC interventions.
Analyzing Liver Tissue Responses To Local Hemostatic Agents
Authors: Gavrilyuk Vasily P. , Lipatov Vyacheslav A. , Mishina Ekaterina S. , Severinov Dmitry A.
Published: March 2022

Objective – Our study aimed at evaluating changes in liver tissues after simulated injury and use of novel hemostatic agents (containing tranexamic acid) in the course of in vivo experiment. Material and Methods – The following hemostatic agents were studies: TachoComb collagen plate (Group 1); samples of novel local hemostatic agents based on sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Na-CMC (Group 2); Na-CMC + tranexamic acid (Group 3). We performed the study on 30 rabbits with simulated liver laceration via laparoscopy, and were stopping bleeding by means of the above-mentioned methods. Then, on liver tissue micrographs, we were measuring capsule thickness (μm), sizes of hepatocytes and their nuclei (px), number of binuclear hepatocytes. We were also calculating nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR) of hepatocytes, as well as identifying qualitative and quantitative capsule composition in tested samples. Results – In the collagen plate group, the capsule width was 3.2-fold and 3.6-fold of this parameter in samples from Groups 2 and 3. Indirectly, this finding implied more severe inflammatory and regenerative processes aimed at limiting injury area, and was confirmed by statistically significant differences in the cellular composition of the capsule surrounding tested samples (fibroblastic cells predominated in Groups 2 and 3, and there were fewer of them in Group 1). The highest cell index (CI) value was detected in Group 3. Conclusion – A significant boundary zone separating tested materials from the liver parenchyma was also observed due to connective tissue growth as part of inflammatory response.