bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The balance of expression of PTPN22 splice forms is significantly different in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with controls
Authors: Ronninger Marcus , Guo Yongjing , Shchetynsky Klementy , Hill Andrew , Khademi Mohsen , Olsson Tomas , Reddy Padmalatha S , Seddighzadeh Maria , Clark James D , Lin Lih-Ling , O'Toole Margot , Padyukov Leonid
Published: January 2012

Background

The R620W variant in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The PTPN22 gene has alternatively spliced transcripts and at least two of the splice forms have been confirmed to encode different PTPN22 (LYP) proteins, but detailed information regarding expression of these is lacking, especially with regard to autoimmune diseases.

Methods

We have investigated the mRNA expression of known PTPN22 splice forms with TaqMan real-time PCR in relation to ZNF592 as an endogenous reference in peripheral blood cells from three independent cohorts with RA patients (n = 139) and controls (n = 111) of Caucasian origin. Polymorphisms in the PTPN22 locus (25 SNPs) and phenotypic data (gender, disease activity, ACPA and RF status) were used for analysis. Additionally, we addressed possible effects of methotrexate treatment on PTPN22 expression.

Results

We found consistent differences in the expression of the PTPN22 splice forms in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells between RA patients and normal controls. This difference was more pronounced when comparing the ratio of splice forms and was not affected by methotrexate treatment.

Conclusions

Our data show that RA patients and healthy controls have a shift in balance of expression of splice forms derived from the PTPN22 gene. This balance seems not to be caused by treatment and may be of importance during immune response due to great structural differences in the encoded PTPN22 proteins.
Development of a remote monitoring satisfaction survey and its use in a clinical trial with lung transplant recipients
Authors: Finkelstein Stanley M , MacMahon Kathleen , Lindgren Bruce R , Robiner William N , Lindquist Ruth , VanWormer Arin , Hertz Marshall I
Published: January 2012

We developed an instrument to measure the satisfaction of lung transplant recipients with home monitoring. The survey comprised 15 items, each scored on a five-point Likert-type scale (from strongly disagree to strongly agree). Three additional free-text items enabled subjects to provide comments. The survey had a scoring range of 15–75. In a test group of 43 patients, the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.93 overall for all questions. The intra-class correlation for scores from the same 27 patients approximately 2.5 months apart was 0.77 for the total score. The survey was used to evaluate subject satisfaction in a randomized controlled trial of a computerized algorithm for triaging lung transplant recipients. Surveys were mailed to 50 study subjects and were returned by 32 (64% return rate). Ninety percent of respondents were satisfied with the home monitoring programme and would recommend it to other patients.
Tele-obstetric ultrasound: analysis of first-trimester ultrasound images transmitted in realtime
Authors: Ferlin Rejane Maria , Vaz-Oliani Denise Mós , Ferreira Adilson Cunha , Tristão Edson Gomes , Oliani Antonio Helio
Published: January 2012

We evaluated the diagnostic quality of first-trimester ultrasound images transmitted in realtime using low-cost telecommunications. A prospective sample of fetal ultrasound images from 11 weeks to 13 weeks and six days of pregnancy was obtained from pregnant women over 18 years old. The examinations were transmitted in realtime to three independent examiners who carried out a qualitative assessment based on parameters established by the Fetal Medicine Foundation. All fetal structures could be viewed and the quality of images received by the examiners was considered normal. There were significant differences for crown-rump length and nuchal translucency in the transmitted images but the loss in definition was acceptable. Thus the quality of images transmitted via the Internet through the use of low-cost software appeared suitable for screening for chromosomal abnormalities in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Telemedical home-monitoring of diabetic foot disease using photographic foot imaging – a feasibility study
Authors: Hazenberg Constantijn E V B , Bus Sicco A , Kottink Anke I R , Bouwmans Clazien A M , Schönbach-Spraul Anna M , van Baal Sjef G
Published: January 2012

We assessed the feasibility of using a photographic foot imaging device (PFID) as a tele-monitoring tool in the home environment of patients with diabetes who were at high risk of ulceration. Images of the plantar foot were taken three times a week over a period of four months in the home of 22 high-risk patients. The images were remotely assessed by a diabetic foot specialist. At the end of the study, 12% of images were missing, mainly due to modem or server failures (66%), or non-adherence (11%). All three referrals for diagnosed ulcers and 31 of 32 referrals for abundant callus resulted in treatment. Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D visual analogue scale), increased from 7.5 at baseline to 7.9 at end of follow-up, but not significantly. Mean scores on a visual analogue scale for different usability domains (independence, ease of use, technical aspects and value) ranged from seven to nine. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using the PFID for the early diagnosis of foot disease, which may prevent complications in high-risk patients with diabetes.
Systematic review of studies of the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine and telecare. Changes in the economic evidence over twenty years
Authors: Mistry Hema
Published: January 2012

A systematic review of studies of the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine and telecare was undertaken from 1990 until September 2010. Twelve databases were searched, using economic evaluation terms combined with telemedicine terms. The search identified 80 studies which were classed as full economic evaluations; the majority (38) were cost-consequence analyses. There were 15 cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) and seven cost-utility analyses (CUA). In the period January 2004 to September 2010 there were 47 studies. Eleven were CEA and seven were CUA. Economic tools are being increasingly used for telemedicine and telecare studies, although better reporting of the methodologies and findings of the economic evaluations is required. Nonetheless, the results of the review were consistent with previous findings, i.e. there is no further conclusive evidence that telemedicine and telecare interventions are cost-effective compared to conventional health care.
‘Appropriate’ medical treatment: what's in a word?
Authors: Phull Jaspreet , Bartlett Peter
Published: January 2012

Following the amendments in the 2007 Act, there were several revisions made focusing largely on community treatment orders and deprivation of liberty of persons lacking capacity. One of the amendments included a requirement that ‘appropriate treatment’ be ‘available’ for compulsion to be imposed in a variety of contexts, most notably admission for treatment under section 3. The definition of appropriate medical treatment within the Act appears largely circular, and therefore of little assistance. The Code of Practice provides some guidance but does little to add to the statutory language. In terms of jurisprudence, there are three reported cases concerning the provision. These cases are analysed and their significance is discussed in an attempt to formulate a clearer definition for appropriate medical treatment.
Simultaneous appearance of leukemoid reaction and phlegmasia cerulea dolens
Authors: Kovačević T , Kovačević P , Pecoraro F , Rančić Z
Published: January 2012

A leukemoid reaction is an extreme form of reactive leukocytosis defined as granulocytic leukocytosis above 50 × 109/L produced by normal bone marrow, mostly in response to systemic infection or cancer. The mechanism as to how the haematopoetic system is altered to elevate production of myeloid cells is not known.

A 69-year-old man presented with phlegmasia cerulea dolens caused by massive iliofemoral thrombosis. His workout at admission revealed absolute white blood cell count of 73.4 × 109/L, with neutrophil granulocyte of 68.5 × 109/L. The new increase in white blood cell count happened at day 5 after admission, when the haematoma of the anteromedial thigh was evacuated in general anaesthesia. There was a gradual decrease in counts until they reached the normal range. Deteriorated general condition with signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome improved with supportive therapy, and the patient was discharged from hospital after 30 days. During hospitalization we did not identify any infectious focus, or any malignancy. We could not exclude other occult chronic conditions (malignancy) but the patient did not develop any other condition during 4.5 years of follow-up.
Novel vein closure procedure using a proprietary cyanoacrylate adhesive: 30-day swine model results
Authors: Min Robert J , Almeida Jose I , Mclean Derek J , Madsen Monte , Raabe Rodney
Published: January 2012

Purpose

To conduct a pilot study to demonstrate a novel method of using a proprietary cyanoacrylate (CA) for closure of superficial veins.

Materials and Methods

Right and left superficial epigastric veins from two swine models were utilized due to the vein's similarities with the human great saphenous vein. Under ultrasound guidance, access was gained and a 5-F delivery catheter was advanced to the junction of the superficial epigastric and abdominus rectus veins. A dispenser gun was then utilized to inject 0.16 mL of CA while compression was applied cephalad to the end of the catheter. Immediately after delivery, the catheter was pulled back 3 cm and manual compression was employed for 30 seconds. After this first injection, the ultrasound probe was repositioned caudad to the injection and cephalad to the catheter tip and another 0.16 mL injection was delivered with immediate 3 cm pullback of the delivery system. Manual compression was applied at the caudad end of the treated vein for 30 seconds. This process was repeated until the entire target segment was treated.

Results

At 30 days postimplantation, the treated veins were occluded with no evidence of recanalization or migration. Histological findings revealed that the lumen was dilated by coalescing, arborizing clear spaces with entrapped lytic erythrocytes, demarcated by a thin band of granular eosinophilic material. Spindle cells with dense eosinophilic matrix replaced the tunica intima and disrupted the tunica media.

Conclusion

Results of this initial study demonstrated that intravascular injection of CA is feasible for closure of superficial veins in animal models. These findings warrant further animal studies of this proprietary CA to assess efficacy, safety and its effects on perivenous structures.
Behavioral Phenotype of Fragile X Syndrome in Adolescence and Adulthood
Authors: Smith Leann E , Barker Erin T , Seltzer Marsha Mailick , Abbeduto Leonard , Greenberg Jan S
Published: January 2012

The present study explored the behavioral profile of individuals with fragile X syndrome during adolescence and adulthood. Individuals with both fragile X syndrome and autism (n  =  30) were compared with (a) individuals diagnosed with fragile X syndrome (but not autism; n  =  106) and (b) individuals diagnosed with autism (but not fragile X syndrome; n  =  135) on measures of autism symptoms, adaptive functioning, behavior problems, and psychological symptoms. Results indicated that individuals dually diagnosed with fragile X syndrome and autism displayed greater communication and social reciprocity impairments than individuals with fragile X syndrome only. Individuals in the dually diagnosed group also exhibited higher levels of repetitive and challenging behaviors than either comparison group, suggesting a unique profile of vulnerability for those diagnosed with both fragile X syndrome and autism.
Predictors of Future Caregiving by Adult Siblings of Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Burke Meghan M , Taylor Julie Lounds , Urbano Richard , Hodapp Robert M
Published: January 2012

With the growing life expectancy for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, siblings will increasingly assume responsibility for the care of their brother or sister with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Using a 163-item survey completed by 757 siblings, the authors identified factors related to future caregiving expectations. Siblings expected to assume greater caregiving responsibility for their brother or sister with disabilities if they were female, had closer relationships with and lived closer to their brother or sister with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and were the lone sibling without a disability. Siblings who expected to assume higher levels of caregiving had parents who were currently more able to care for their brother or sister with disabilities. With a better understanding of who intends to fulfill future caregiving roles, support can be provided to these siblings.
Decorin–TGFβ Axis in Hepatic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis
Authors: Baghy Kornélia , Iozzo Renato V. , Kovalszky Ilona
Published: January 2012

Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis are worldwide health care problems, especially in regions with a high rate of hepatitis infection. As these diseases affect a major part of the human population, the search for antifibrotic therapies has a high priority in medical research. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is one of the most powerful profibrotic cytokines. Thus, blocking TGF-β1 activity by natural inhibitors represents a valid and logical strategy to combat hepatic fibrosis. One of the natural inhibitors of TGF-β1 is decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan that binds with high affinity to this cytokine and prevents its interaction with pro-fibrotic receptors. Recent evidence has shown that decorin has a protective role in liver fibrogenesis insofar as its genetic ablation in mice leads to enhanced matrix deposition, impaired matrix degradation, and “activation” of hepatic stellate cells, the main producers of fibrotic tissue. Moreover, TGF-β1 exerts a stronger effect when functional decorin is absent. These data provide robust genetic evidence for a direct role of endogenous decorin in preventing and retarding hepatic fibrosis. Thus, boosting the endogenous production of decorin or systemic delivery of recombinant decorin could represent an additional therapeutic modality against hepatic fibrosis.
Decolonizing the Study of Religion
Authors: De Roover Jakob
Published: January 2012

This review discusses Arvind-Pal S. Mandair’s Religion and the Specter of the West: Sikhism, India, Postcoloniality, and the Politics of Translation (hereafter RSW), published in 2009 by Columbia University Press.
O "super-homem" e o "pai da horda": considerações éticas
Authors: Perelson Simone
Published: January 2012

O artigo analisa a aproximação proposta por Freud entre o "pai da horda primitiva," por ele referido em Totem e Tabu, e a noção de "super-homem" referida por Nietzsche em Assim falou Zaratustra. Por meio desta análise, serão abordados: (1) problemas presentes na interpretação freudiana da noção de "super-homem", (2) diferenças entre Freud e Nietzsche no que concerne à compreensão da "autarquia" e da "desconsideração pela lei", aspectos próprios, segundo Freud, tanto do "super-homem" quanto do "pai da horda" e (3) diferença entre o "desprezo pela moral" reivindicado por Freud e a defesa nietzschiana de uma "moral baseada na transmutação de todos os valores".
A baixa procura pela licenciatura em física, com base em depoimentos de estudantes do ensino médio público do oeste catarinense
Authors: Lunkes Mércio José , Rocha Filho João Bernardes da
Published: January 2012

O artigo contextualiza a carência de professores de nível médio, especialmente de Física, e apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa com estudantes do Ensino Médio público do Oeste catarinense, sobre expectativas e críticas em relação à carreira do magistério em Física. Foram investigados, em 2007, 157 alunos de 1ª série, e, em 2009, 132 alunos remanescentes, então na 3ª série. Da análise dos dados colhidos, identificou-se que os estudantes entram no Ensino Médio sem expectativas elevadas, mas com gosto pelo ensino de ciências, e saem dele com baixo interesse pela carreira docente em Física, impressionados pela ênfase da formulação matemática, a pouca aplicação cotidiana dos conteúdos estudados e a baixa valorização social do magistério. Foram identificados eventos escolares típicos, que ocorreram durante o Ensino Médio dos estudantes investigados, parcial ou totalmente responsáveis pela modificação de atitude dos estudantes, culminando na rejeição pela carreira do magistério em Física.
Imaginário político e colonialidade: desafios à avaliação qualitativa das políticas públicas de educação ambiental
Authors: Ferraro Júnior Luiz Antonio , Sorrentino Marcos
Published: January 2012

Enunciar o metaprojeto que orientou a formulação e implantação de políticas públicas de Educação Ambiental no Ministério do Meio Ambiente e no Órgão Gestor da Política Nacional de EA no Brasil, durante a gestão da Ministra Marina Silva, é condição essencial para se incrementar a potência de ação daqueles e daquelas que buscam caminhos a serem trilhados neste campo. Promover processos de arqueologia virtual do presente, visitando o imaginário, como campo mais profundo da criação política, torna-se estratégia essencial para o amadurecimento dos debates que possibilitam a crítica e a tomada de decisões. O presente artigo pretende-se uma contribuição seminal neste sentido.
Trichomycterus dali: a new highly troglomorphic catfish (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Brazil
Authors: Rizzato Pedro Pereira , Costa-Jr. Edmundo P. D. , Trajano Eleonora , Bichuette Maria Elina
Published: January 2012

Trichomycterus dali, new species, is described from flooded limestone caves in Serra da Bodoquena karst area, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by a unique character in the genus, the presence of conspicuous, ridge-like adipose folds lining dorsally throughout the body. Trichomycterus dali can be further distinguished readily from epigean congeners by the reduction of eyes and skin pigmentation (except for T. gorgona), and from remaining congeners (i.e., all hypogean plus T. gorgona) by the total loss of eyes, not visible externally (except for T. sandovali and T. spelaeus). Other diagnostic features includes very long barbels, especially the nasal (99.3-143.5% HL) and the maxillary (97.0-131.3% HL), pectoral-fin ray count reaching I,9 and a unique cranial fontanel with a conspicuous constriction on the meeting point of supraoccipital and the two frontal bones. The troglobitic status of the species is suggested by the presence of troglomorphisms on an advanced degree, especially the reduction of skin pigmentation, the total loss of eyes and the enlarged barbels. In addition, the presence of a well developed adipose fold in adults may indicate a distinctive adaptation acquired by neoteny to withstand the food scarce conditions of its hypogean habitat.
Serologic evidence of equine granulocytic anaplasmosis in horses from central West Brazil
Authors: Salvagni Carlos Augusto , Dagnone Ana Sílvia , Gomes Tiago Salles , Mota Jozivaldo Silva , Andrade Gisele Maria , Baldani Cristiane Divan , Machado Rosangela Zacarias
Published: January 2012

Ehrlichiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by gram-negative and intracellular obligatory bacterial organisms. Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis - EGA (formerly Equine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, EGE) is a seasonal disease, normally self-limited in horses. There are few reports in Brazil about this ehrlichial agent, as well as its natural vectors. Nowadays, veterinarians are considering the suspicion of EGA in horses with suggestive symptoms of ehrlichiosis and which do not respond to piroplasmosis treatment. The aim of the present study was to identify horses exposed to the agent A. phagocytophilum by serological and molecular techniques. Twenty equine blood and serum samples from the central West region of Brazil were evaluated by microscopic examination of buffy coat smear, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). Additionally, the serodiagnosis of Theileria equi by IFA and ELISA were carried out, as well as molecular diagnosis by nPCR. Thirteen (65%) serum samples were positive for A. phagocytophilum by ELISA, but none of them were positive by buffy-coat smear examination or nPCR. Antibodies IgG anti-T. equi were detected in 18 (90%) and 17 (85%) horses by IFA and ELISA, respectively and the agent was detected in 9 (45%) animals by nPCR. Our data may be considered as important information to understanding the occurrence of EGA and equine piroplasmosis in central West Brazil.
Amblyomma rotundatum (Koch, 1844) (Acari: Ixodidae) two-host life-cycle on Viperidae snakes
Authors: Rodrigues Daniel Sobreira , Maciel Ricardo , Cunha Lucas Maciel , Leite Romário Cerqueira , Oliveira Paulo Roberto de
Published: January 2012

Amblyomma rotundatum is an ixodid tick that infests ectothermic animals and reproduces exclusively by parthenogenesis. This tick has been frequently reported to infest reptiles and amphibians, under natural conditions and sometimes in captivity. It was described in Brazil and several other countries of South, Central and North America. Although many studies have reported aspects of its biology, none of them has used regularly either ophidian as hosts, or controlled temperature, humidity and luminosity for parasitic stages. The objective of this experiment was to study the life cycle of A. rotundatum feeding on Viperidae snakes under room controlled conditions at 27 ± 1 ºC temperature, 85 ± 10% relative humidity and 12:12 hours photoperiod for parasitic stages, and under B.O.D incubator conditions at 27 ± 1 ºC temperature, 85 ± 10% relative humidity and scotophase for non-parasitic stages. The total duration of the life cycle ranged from 56 to 163 days (mean of 105 days). Two-host life cycle was observed for most of the ixodid population studied.
Evaluation of reduction in egg shedding of gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle following administration of anthelmintics
Authors: Soutello Ricardo Velludo Gomes de , Coelho Wilian Marinho Dourado , Oliveira Fernando Paes de , Fonzar José Francisco , Luquetti Brenda Carla , Souza Renata Furlan Pereira de , Seno Maria Conceição Zocoller , Amarante Alessandro Francisco Talamini do
Published: January 2012

To evaluate the necessary time and to identify the differences among anthelmintics for the reduction of parasite eggs shed in feces, five groups of cattle were treated with moxidectin, ivermectin, levamisole phosphate, and albendazole sulphoxide. Levamisole promoted a reduction in egg count per gram (EPG-R) of 97.4% after 24 hours, moxidectin 98.3% after 36 hours, and albendazole sulphoxide 95.9% after 36 hours post- treatment. Cooperia spp. and Haemonchus spp. showed resistance to ivermectin. The results demonstrated that the diagnosis of parasite resistance in cattle can be based on a count of eggs per gram (EPG) carried out as soon as seven days after the treatment.
New tick records in Rondônia, Western Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Barbieri Fábio Silva , Martins Thiago Fernandes , Brito Luciana Gatto , Ribeiro Francisco Dimas Sales
Published: January 2012

In the present study, we provide new tick records from Vilhena Municipality, in the Southeast of the State of Rondônia, Northern Brazil. Ticks collected from a capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus), were identified as Amblyomma romitii Tonelli-Rondelli (1 female), and Amblyomma sp. (1 larva). Ticks collected from a harpy eagle, Harpia harpyja (Linnaeus), were identified as Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) (16 nymphs) and Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley (1 nymph). Ticks collected from a yellow-footed tortoise, Chelonoidis denticulada (Linnaeus), were identified as Amblyomma rotundatum Koch (10 females, 2 nymphs), and Amblyomma sp. (2 larvae). The present record of A. romitii is the first in the State of Rondônia, and represents the southernmost record for this tick species, indicating that its distribution area is much larger than currently recognized. Although both A. cajennense and H. juxtakochi have been reported parasitizing various bird species, we provide the first tick records on a harpy eagle. A. rotundatum is widespread in the State of Rondônia, and has been previously reported on the yellow-footed tortoise. The present records increase the tick fauna of Rondônia to 26 species.
Production of recombinant EMA-1 protein and its application for the diagnosis of Theileria equi using an enzyme immuno assay in horses from São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Baldani Cristiane Divan , Hilario Eduardo , Nakaghi Andréa Cristina Higa , Bertolini Maria Célia , Machado Rosangela Zacarias
Published: January 2012

The erythrocytic-stage surface protein, Equi Merozoite Antigen 1 (EMA-1), is a major candidate for the development of a diagnostic antigen for equine piroplasmosis. In order to establish an effective diagnostic method for practical use, the gene encoding the entire EMA-1 of Theileria equi Jaboticabal strain was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a histidine-tagged protein (His6-EMA1). The expressed EMA-1 reacted with specific antibodies in Western blot and had an apparent molecular mass of 34 kDa which was largely consistent with its theoretical value. The nucleotide sequence of the EMA-1 gene of Jaboticabal strain was comparatively analyzed with other published sequences. The results indicated a high degree of homology with EMA-1 genes of all other strains isolated from various countries. The recombinant purified His6-EMA1 protein was tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies anti-T. equi in horses. The ELISA clearly differentiated T. equi-infected from Babesia caballi-infected horse sera or normal horse sera. Field serum samples collected from horses in the State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, were examined for the diagnosis of T. equi infection by ELISA. Of 170 samples analyzed, 95.88% (163/170) were positive for T. equi infection. These results suggest that the His6-EMA1 protein expressed in E. coli could be a reliable immunodiagnostic antigen for ELISA test and that T. equi infection is a serious concern in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.
Brazilian canine hepatozoonosis
Authors: O'Dwyer Lucia Helena
Published: January 2012

The genus Hepatozoon includes hundreds of species that infect birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals, in all continents with tropical and subtropical climates. Two species have been described in domestic dogs: H. canis, reported in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and the United States; and H. americanum, which so far has only been diagnosed in the United States. In Brazil, the only species found infecting dogs is H. canis. The objective of this review was to detail some aspects of canine hepatozoonosis, caused by H. canis, and the main points of its biology, transmission, pathogenicity, symptoms, epidemiology and diagnostic methods, with emphasis on research developed in Brazil.
Occurrence of antibodies against Neospora caninum and/or Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs
Authors: Plugge Nicolle Fridlund , Ferreira Fabiano Montiani , Richartz Rosária Regina Tesoni de Barros , Siqueira Adriana de , Dittrich Rosangela Locatelli
Published: January 2012

This study aimed to evaluate occurrences of antibodies against Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs. Blood samples from 147 dogs were collected: 127 from owned dogs (attended at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná (HV-UFPR) and at private veterinary clinics in the city of Curitiba), and 20 from stray dogs found in Curitiba's metropolitan region. The dogs presented one or more of the following neurological signs: seizures, paresis or paralysis, ataxia, behavioral abnormalities, sensory and somatic disorders and chorioretinitis. The samples were analyzed by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), at a cutoff dilution of 1:50. Out of the 147 samples obtained, 17 (11.56%) were seropositive for N. caninum, 31 (21.08%) for T. gondii and four (2.72%) for both protozoa. Serum titration on the positive animals showed that 54.83% (17/31) and 41.18% (7/17) had titers > 1:200 against T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. A significant difference in seropositivity for T. gondii (P = 0.021; OR = 2.87; CI = 1.1 > 2.8 > 7.4) was observed between owned dogs (18.11%) and stray dogs (40%). Inclusion of serological tests for neosporosis and toxoplasmosis is recommended in diagnosing neurological diseases in dogs.
Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes
Authors: Macedo Iara Tersia Freitas , Bevilaqua Claudia Maria Leal , Oliveira Lorena Mayana Beserra de , Camurça-Vasconcelos Ana Lourdes Fernandes , Vieira Luiz da Silva , Amóra Sthenia dos Santos Albano
Published: January 2012

Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. EcEO was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. The in vivo effects of EcEO were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8% and 10.6 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71%. The lethal doses for 50% of the mice were 4153 and 622.8 mg.kg-1, for acute toxicity orally and intraperitoneally. In the FECRT, the efficacy of EcEO and ivermectin was 66.25 and 79.16% respectively, on goat gastrointestinal nematodes eight days after treatment. EcEO showed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity.
Serological survey of Neospora caninum in small ruminants from Pernambuco State, Brazil
Authors: Tembue Antonio Amélia Santos Mucalane , Ramos Rafael Antonio de Nascimento , Sousa Thais Rabelo de , Albuquerque Alessandra Ribeiro , Costa Alvimar José da , Meunier Isabelle Maria Jaqueline , Faustino Maria Aparecida da Gloria , Alves Leucio Câmara
Published: January 2012

Neospora caninum infection is an important cause of bovine abortion as well as neonatal mortality in goats and sheep. A serological survey for antibodies against N. caninum in goats and sheep was carried out in the municipality of Ibimirim, PE, Northeastern Brazil. The imunnofluoresce antibody test showed that 26.6% (85/319) of the goats and 64.2% (52/81) of the sheep were positive. Serologic reactivity was associated with age in goats (p < 0.01) and sheep (p > 0.05), with increasing rates in older animals. These results indicate exposure to N. caninum among small ruminants in the study area.
Coccidiosis in broiler chickens raised in the Araguaína region, State of Tocantins, Brazil
Authors: Toledo Gustavo Andrade , Almeida Jefferson Douglas de Moura , Almeida Katyane de Sousa , Freitas Fagner Luiz da Costa
Published: January 2012

Eimeriosis is responsible for causing serious problems in poultry, mainly characterized by reduced weight gain and abnormalities of food conversion efficiency, thereby causing great economic losses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of eimeriosis in broiler chickens in the Araguaina region, State of Tocantins, Brazil. Samples from five farm properties were collected and sent to the Hygiene and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Federal University of Tocantins. From the parasitological analysis, it was shown that all the properties examined were positive for Eimeria species. 63.1% of the sheds were positive, with findings of oocysts of E. maxima, E. acervulina, E. mitis and E. tenella. It was concluded that all properties evaluated were positive for four species of the genus Eimeria, thus demonstrating that the sanitary strategies followed in poultry rearing had flaws that allowed pathogens to spread in poultry pens.
Phylogenetic characterization of Babesia canis vogeli in dogs in the state of Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Duarte Sabrina Castilho , Parente Juliana Alves , Pereira Maristela , Soares Célia Maria de Almeida , Linhares Guido Fontgalland Coelho
Published: January 2012

The genus Babesia comprises protozoa that cause diseases known as babesiosis. Dogs are commonly affected by Babesia canis or Babesia gibsoni. Babesia canis is divided into the subspecies Babesia canis canis, Babesia canis vogeli and Babesia canis rossi. Among these, Babesia canis vogeli predominates in Brazil. The objective of this study was to conduct a phylogenetic analysis on Babesia isolates from dogs in Goiânia, Goiás. Blood samples were obtained from 890 dogs presenting clinical signs suggestive of canine babesiosis that were attended at a veterinary hospital of Goiás. Only samples presenting typical intraerythrocytic parasites were used in the study. These were subjected to DNA extraction and amplification of a fragment of the 18S rRNA, by means of PCR. The PCR products were purified and sequenced. Sequences were obtained from 35 samples but only 17 of these were kept after quality assessment. Similarity analysis using BLASTn demonstrated that all 17 sequences corresponded to B. canis vogeli. Analysis using the Mega4 software showed that the isolates of B. canis vogeli from dogs in Goiânia present a high degree of molecular similarity (99.2 to 100%) in comparison with other reference isolates from other regions of Brazil and worldwide, deposited in GenBank.
Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against Anaplasma marginale in cattle from south Mozambique
Authors: Tembue António Amélia Mucalane , Silva Jenevaldo Barbosa da , Silva Fábio Jorge Moreira da , Pires Marcus Sandes , Baldani Cristiane Divan , Soares Cleber Oliveira , Massard Carlos Luiz , Fonseca Adivaldo Henrique da
Published: January 2012

The current study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to Anaplasma marginale in cattle from Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane provinces, south Mozambique. A total of 809 serum samples from cattle were obtained and tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). The chi-square test at 5% significance was used to assess the association between seroprevalence and the variables gender, age and geographic origin of animals. The overall seropositivity was 76.5% (n = 619) and anti-A. marginale antibodies were detected in 89.1% (n = 156), 68.4% (n = 308) and 84.2% (n = 155) of the animals in the provinces of Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane, respectively. A significant association (p < 0.05) was found with the geographic origin of the animals, while sex had no significant relationship. The frequencies of seropositive in the age groups were 63.2% (n = 72), 80.0% (n = 92), 83.1% (n = 98) and 77.3% (n = 357) for animals <12; >12 and <24; >24 and <36; >36 months, respectively. These results indicate that in southern Mozambique there are areas of enzootic stability to A. marginale. Thus, epidemiological monitoring is required to monitor the immune status of animals in the region.
First record of notoedric mange in ocelot (Leopardus pardalis Linnaeus, 1758) in the amazon region, Brazil
Authors: Scofield Alessandra , Santos Rafaelle Cunha dos , Carvalho Nadino , Martins Áurea Linhares , Góes-Cavalcante Gustavo
Published: January 2012

This paper describes a case of notoedric mange in an ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in the Brazilian Amazon region. A young male of approximately four months of age that was illegally kept as a pet was apprehended in Altamira, State of Pará, northern Brazil. The animal was transported to the Mangal das Garças Park in the state's capital city of Belém. The ocelot had pruritus and lesions suggestive of scabies in the head. Skin scraping material was examined under optic microscopy. There was seen a large number of eggs, larvae, nymphs and adult mites. The mean female and male sizes were 230.2 × 200.4 µm and 137.6 × 104.9 µm. Based on the morphologic characteristics and morphometric analysis, this mite was classified as Notoedres cati. This is the first report of notoedric mange in L. pardalis from Brazilian Amazon.
Rheological properties of oil well cement slurries
Authors: Shahriar Anjuman , Nehdi Moncef L.
Published: January 2012

The rheological properties, including yield stress, plastic viscosity, thixotropy and gel strength of oil well cement slurries incorporating six different chemical admixtures were investigated at different temperatures in the range of 23 to 60°C using an advanced shear-stress/shear-strain controlled rheometer. The compatibility and interactions between the binder and chemical admixtures were explored. The aim of the present study was to effectively use chemical admixtures to develop slurries with satisfactory properties in order to overcome difficulties encountered in oil well cementing such as the rapid loss of workability, pumping problems, acceleration of cement hydration, fast evaporation of mixing water and zonal isolation. It was found that the rheological properties of oil well cement slurries are highly dependent on temperature, water/cement ratio and the type of admixture used. Coupled effects of temperature and chemical admixtures had a substantial effect on the flow properties of the slurries. Among the six admixtures used, the new generation polycarboxylate-based high-range, water-reducing admixture (PCH) was found to be more effective in improving the rheological properties of oil well cement slurries at all test temperatures.
Recycling of flat screens as a new challenge
Authors: Salhofer Stefan , Spitzbart Markus , Maurer Kurt
Published: January 2012

Screens (monitors and TV sets) have undergone a rapid change in technology from cathode ray tubes to flat panel displays. To date, only small quantities of flat panel displays have been recorded at waste collection sites. Increasing quantities in the future make an adequate recycling infrastructure necessary. This paper aims to provide basic data on quantities, composition, recycling technology and experience from a case study on economic impacts of liquid crystal display screens recycling. For components and materials which are also applied in other types of electronic products such as ferrous and non-ferrous metals, printed circuit boards or cables, recycling paths and technologies are well known and available. Currently, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are not recycled in Europe. When disposed of, for example by incineration, their content of valuable materials is no longer available. Here indium is of specific interest, as a scarce resource with strategic importance for applications such as photovoltaics. A recycling infrastructure for LCDs in Europe could thus be useful.
Local Drug Delivery of Alendronate Gel for the Treatment of Patients With Chronic Periodontitis With Diabetes Mellitus: A Double‐Masked Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Pradeep A. R. , Sharma Anuj , Rao Nishanth S. , Bajaj Pavan , Naik Savitha B. , Kumari Minal
Published: January 2012

Background: Alendronate (ALN) increases alveolar bone density with systemic use and, has been found to increase bone formation on local delivery into the periodontal pocket. The purpose of the present study is to explore the efficacy of 1% ALN gel as a local drug delivery system in adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) with type 2 diabetes (DM) compared to a placebo gel.

Methods: Seventy intrabony defects were treated with either 1% ALN or placebo gel. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months. Radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and 6 months. Defect fill at baseline and 6 months was calculated on standardized radiographs using image analysis software.

Results: Mean probing depth (PD) reduction and mean clinical attachment level (CAL) gain was greater in the ALN group than the placebo group at both 2 and 6 months. Furthermore, significantly greater mean percentage of bone fill was found in the ALN group (44.2% ± 11.78%) compared to the placebo group (2.8% ± 1.61%).

Conclusions: In patients with type 2 DM and CP, local delivery of 1% ALN into periodontal pockets resulted in a significant increase in the PD reduction, CAL gain, and improved bone fill compared to placebo gel as an adjunct to SRP. Thus, ALN can be used as an adjunct to SRP to provide a new dimension in the periodontal therapy in the near future.
Salivary and Serum Chromogranin A and α‐Amylase in Periodontal Health and Disease
Authors: Haririan Hady , Bertl Kristina , Laky Markus , Rausch Wolf‐Dieter , Böttcher Michael , Matejka Michael , Andrukhov Oleh , Rausch‐Fan Xiaohui
Published: January 2012

Background: Salivary stress‐related biomarkers in connection with periodontal disease have not been extensively studied. In addition to cortisol as a well‐known marker of stress loading, chromogranin A (CgA) and α‐amylase (AA) are supposed to link the activity of the neuroendocrine system to local and systemic immune functions and to be related to periodontitis. This study aims to determine CgA and AA in saliva and serum in periodontal health and disease to assess their potential relationship to periodontitis.

Methods: Patients with aggressive (AgP) (n = 24) and chronic periodontitis (CP) (n = 34) as well as healthy control (CO) (n = 30) individuals participated in this study. CgA and AA were determined in saliva and serum with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and an adapted clinical amylase test; salivary cortisol was determined using mass spectrometry. Clinical parameters of periodontal disease were evaluated, and their possible correlations with stress‐related biomarkers were assessed.

Results: Significantly higher CgA levels were found in the saliva of patients with AgP compared with those in patients with CP and CO individuals (P <0.001). Salivary cortisol levels were higher in the AgP group compared with those in patients with CP (P <0.05). No differences in serum CgA levels and salivary and serum AA activities were found among all groups. A positive correlation was revealed between salivary AA activity or salivary CgA levels and the extent of periodontitis (P <0.05).

Conclusion: The results suggest an association of CgA and cortisol levels as well as AA activity in saliva with periodontitis, especially a significant relationship of salivary CgA and cortisol to AgP.
Definitive and Differential Diagnosis of Desquamative Gingivitis Through Direct Immunofluorescence Studies
Authors: Suresh Lakshmanan , Neiders Mirdza E.
Published: January 2012

Background: Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a common clinical manifestation of oral autoimmune vesiculobullous diseases (VBDs). Their polymorphous clinical presentations coupled with similar histologic features make diagnosis indistinguishable among the different VBDs. Direct immunofluorescence (IF) studies are valuable gold‐standard diagnostic tests that allow for discrimination among the various VBDs that present with DG. There have been no recent detailed analyses done that have used conventional light microscopy and direct IF in diagnosis to document the clinical associations of DG with various autoimmune oral diseases. The aim of this study is to examine retrospectively a large cohort of patients with DG for associated diseases and to determine the utility of direct IF and conventional light microscopy in establishing a definitive diagnosis.

Methods: During a 14‐month period, our laboratory in Buffalo, New York, received 239 consecutive archival cases of gingival biopsy with a clinical diagnosis of DG. These specimens were submitted to establish or rule out a diagnosis of a direct IF–positive VBD. The demographic, clinical, and microscopic findings were tabulated using established inclusion and diagnostic criteria.

Results: Approximately half the number (48.1%) of biopsies received for direct IF studies were submitted by periodontists. Slightly more than half of the patients (53%) previously had biopsies submitted for both hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and direct IF testing. There was a female predilection for all the diseases studied except for pemphigus and linear immunoglobulin A disease. Oral lichen planus was the most common disease presenting as DG, followed by pemphigoid. The clinical diagnosis of lichen planus correlated with the biopsy findings in 80% of the cases and with pemphigoid in 60%. Definitive diagnosis was rendered to ≈80% of the gingival biopsies submitted. Negative cases of direct IF presenting as DG had significant pathology, such as dysplasia and carcinoma, which would have been otherwise missed if H & E studies had not been performed.

Conclusions: This study has the largest cohort of patients with DG suspected of VBD reported in the literature. The patients were predominantly females who had most often been seen by a periodontist. The definitive diagnosis of DG was most accurately achieved when H & E along with two biopsies for direct IF studies were submitted for testing. H & E studies were particularly important for definitive diagnosis of negative cases. Oral lichen planus was the most common disease presenting as DG, which is consistent with recent studies. Systemic connective tissue disorders that present as DG at initial clinical examination require direct IF and serum studies for a conclusive diagnosis. Clinical pathologic correlation, including history, presentation, H & E, and direct IF studies, are essential in establishing a definitive and differential diagnosis for cases presenting with DG.
Forking and Dividing in NTP2 theories
Authors: Chernikov Artem , Kaplan Itay
Published: January 2012

We prove that in theories without the tree property of the second kind (which include dependent and simple theories) forking and dividing over models are the same, and in fact over any extension base. As an application we show that dependence is equivalent to bounded non-forking assuming NTP2.
Expansions which introduce no new open sets
Authors: Boxall Gareth , Hieronymi Philipp
Published: January 2012

We consider the question of when an expansion of a first-order topological structure has the property that every open set definable in the expansion is definable in the original structure. This question has been investigated by Dolich, Miller and Steinhorn in the setting of ordered structures as part of their work on the property of having o-minimal open core. We answer the question in a fairly general setting and provide conditions which in practice are often easy to check. We give a further characterisation in the special case of an expansion by a generic predicate.