bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on surface Morphology of 7075 aluminum alloy deep hole by two-dimensional ultrasonic elliptical vibration Boring
Authors: Ye Yanqiu , Tong Jinglin , Hu Guiling , Liu Ziqiang , Yang Shuaikun
Published: July 2023

The study focused on the use of two-dimensional ultrasonic elliptical vibration boring (2D-UEVB) to improve the surface quality of deep hole tube parts made from 7075 aluminum alloy. The tool tip trajectory model and the surface roughness model of 2D-UEVB deep hole were established. It was found that 2D-UEVB could obtain lower surface roughness than common boring (CB) through analyzing the theoretical model. Finally, the effects of boring parameters and acoustic parameters on surface morphology were studied throughsingle factor test and four-factor four-level orthogonal test. After the 2D-UEVB, the surface roughness Ra value decreased in different degreesaccording to the experimental results. However, the reduction of Ra was affected differently by the various acoustic parameters and boring parameters. With the increase of feed rate, the surface roughness Ra shows a significant increasing trend. With the increase of spindle speed, the surface roughness Ra shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The Ra displayed a continuous decreasing trend with the ultrasonic amplitude increased. The influence of cutting depth on the roughness is not significant. The results demonstrated that better surface texture and surface quality can be obtained with lower feed rate, medium spindle speed and larger ultrasonic amplitude in two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration boring.
Universal sublinear resistivity in vanadium kagome materials hosting charge density waves
Authors: Mozaffari Shirin , Mandrus David , Meier William , Madhogaria Richa Pokharel , Peshcherenko Nikolai , KANG SEOUNGHUN , Villanova John , Arachchige Hasitha Suriya , Zheng Guoxin , Zhu Yuan , Chen Kuan-Wen , Jenkins Kaila , Zhang Dechen , Chan Aaron , Li Lu , Yoon Mina , Zhang Yang
Published: July 2023

The recent discovery of a charge density (CDW) state in ScV6Sn6 at TCDW = 91 K offers new opportunities to understand the origins of electronic instabilities in topological kagome systems. By comparing to the isostructural non-CDW compound LuV6Sn6, we unravel interesting electrical transport properties in ScV6Sn6, above and below the charge ordering temperature. We observed that by applying a magnetic field along the a axis, the temperature behavior of the longitudinal resistivity in ScV6Sn6 changes from metal-like to insulator-like above the CDW transition. We show that in the charge ordered state ScV6Sn6 follows the Fermi liquid behavior while above that, it transforms into a non-Fermi liquid phase in which the resistivity varies sublinearly over a broad temperature range. The sublinear resistivity, which scales by T3/5 is a common feature among other vanadium-containing kagome compounds exhibiting CDW states such as KV3Sb5, RbV3Sb5, and CsV3Sb5. By contrast, the non-Fermi liquid behavior does not occur in LuV6Sn6. We explain the T3/5 universal scaling behavior from the Coulomb scattering between Dirac electrons and Van Hove singularities; common features in the electronic structure of kagome materials. Finally, we show anomalous Hall-like behavior in ScV6Sn6 below TCDW, which is absent in the Lu compound. Comparing the transport properties of ScV6Sn6 and LuV6Sn6 is valuable to highlight the impacts of the unusual CDW in the Sc compound.
Efficacy and safety of postoperative preemptive use of tolvaptan for patients with liver injury undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kobayashi Yuta , Shindoh Junichi , Kojima Kazutaka , Akabane Miho , Kobayashi Masahiro , Okubo Satoshi , Matsumura Masaru , Hashimoto Masaji
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Optimal choice of diuretics in perioperative management remains unclear in enhanced recovery after liver surgery. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan (oral vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist) in postoperative management of patients with liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Methods
The patients clinically diagnosed with liver cirrhosis were included in this study. Clinical outcomes of 51 prospective cohort managed with a modified postoperative protocol using tolvaptan (validation group) were compared with 83 patients treated with a conventional management protocol (control group).
Results
Postoperative urine output were significantly larger and excessive body weight increase were reduced with no impairment in renal function or serum sodium levels in the validation group. Although the total amount of discharge and trend of serum albumin level were not significantly different among the groups, global incidence of postoperative morbidity was less frequent (19.6% vs. 44.6%, P = 0.005) and postoperative stay was significantly shorter (8 days vs.10 days, P = 0.008) in the validation group compared with the control group.
Conclusions
Tolvaptan could be safely used for the patients with injured liver in postoperative management after hepatectomy and potentially advantageous in the era of enhanced recovery after surgery with its strong diuretic effect and better fluid management.
Amino acid catabolite markers for early prognostication of pneumonia in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Sugiura Yuki , Maeda Rae , Seki Natsumi , Uwamino Yoshifumi , Wakui Masatoshi , Nakagama Yu , Kido Yasutoshi , Sasai Miwa , Yamamoto Masahiro , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Uchiyama Jun , Yamaguchi Genki , Hirakawa Makoto , Kim Yun-Gi , Mishima Masayo , Suematsu Makoto
Published: July 2023

Effective early-stage markers for predicting which patients are at risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection have not been fully investigated. Here, through comprehensive serum metabolome analysis, we identified that the acceleration of amino acid catabolism within 5 d from disease onset correlated with future disease severity. Increased levels of de-aminated amino acids catabolites involved in the de novo nucleotide synthesis pathway were identified as early prognostic markers that correlated with the initial viral load. We demonstrated in mice models of SARS-CoV2-MA10 and influenza infection that such de-amination of amino acids and de novo synthesis of nucleotides were associated with the abnormal proliferation of airway and vascular tissue cells in the lungs during the early stages of infection. Consequently, lung parenchymal tissue remodeling in the early stages of respiratory viral infections induces systemic metabolic remodeling, and the amino acid catabolites are valid predictors for excessive inflammatory response at later disease stages.
Anterior fusion surgery with overcorrection in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with Lenke 1 AR curve type: How to achieve overcorrection and its effect on postoperative spinal alignment
Authors: Tanaka Nobuki , Inami Satoshi , Moridaira Hiroshi , Sorimachi Tsuyoshi , Ueda Haruki , Aoki Hiromichi , Takada Satoshi , Nohara Yutaka , Haro Hirotaka , Taneichi Hiroshi
Published: July 2023

Background
The efficacy of anterior fusion with overcorrection in the instrumented vertebra for Lenke 1 AR type curves has been reported, but how to achieve overcorrection and how overcorrection affects spinal alignment are unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that cause overcorrection, and to investigate how overcorrection affects postoperative spinal alignment in the surgical treatment of Lenke 1 AR type curves.
Methods
Patients who had anterior surgery for a Lenke type 1 or 2 and lumbar modifier AR (L4 vertebral tilt to the right) type scoliosis and minimum 2-year follow-up were included. The radiographic data were measured at preoperative, postoperative 1 month, and final follow-up. The UIV-LIV Cobb angle was determined as the Cobb angle between the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) and the lower instrumented vertebra (LIV), and a negative number for this angle was considered overcorrection. The screw angle was determined to be the sum of the angle formed by the screw axis and the lower and upper endplates in the LIV and UIV, respectively. The change (Δ) in the parameters from postoperative to final follow-up was calculated. The relationships between the UIV-LIV Cobb angle and other radiographic parameters were evaluated by linear regression analyses.
Results
Fourteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Their median age was 15.5 years, and the median follow-up period was 53.6 months. The median UIV-LIV Cobb angle was − 1.4° at postoperative 1 month. The median screw angle was 4.7°, and overcorrection was achieved in 11 (79%) cases at postoperative 1 month. The screw angle (r2 = 0.42, p = 0.012) and Δ below LIV-CSVL (the deviation of the first vertebra below the LIV from the central sacral vertical line, r2 = 0.53, p = 0.003) were significantly correlated with the UIV-LIV Cobb angle.
Conclusions
Screw placement in the UIV and LIV not parallel to the endplate, but angled, was an effective method to facilitate overcorrection in the instrumented vertebrae. The results of the present study suggest that overcorrection could bring spontaneous improvement of coronal balance below the instrumented segment during the postoperative period.
Combined effects of nitrate and medium-chain fatty acids on methane production, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacterial populations in vitro
Authors: Vadroňová Mariana , Šťovíček Adam , Jochová Kateřina , Výborná Alena , Tyrolová Yvona , Tichá Denisa , Homolka Petr , Joch Miroslav
Published: July 2023

This study investigated the combined effects of nitrate (NT) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), including C8, C10, C12, and C14, on methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation characteristics, and rumen bacteria using a 24 h batch incubation technique. Four types of treatments were used: control (no nitrate, no MCFA), NT (nitrate at 3.65 mM), NT+MCFA (nitrate at 3.65 mM + one of the four MCFA at 500 mg/L), and NT+MCFA/MCFA (nitrate at 3.65 mM + a binary combination of MCFA at 250 and 250 mg/L). All treatments decreased (P < 0.001) methanogenesis (mL/g apparent dry matter disappearance) compared with the control, but their efficiency was dependent on the MCFA type. The most efficient CH4 inhibitor was the NT+C10 treatment (–40%). The combinations containing C10 and C12 had the greatest effect on bacterial alpha diversity and relative microbial abundance (P < 0.001). Next-generation sequencing showed that the family Succinivibrionaceae was favored in treatments with the greatest CH4 inhibition at the expense of Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Archaea decreased (P < 0.05) in the NT+C10 and NT+C10/C12 treatments. These results confirm that the combination of NT with MCFA (C10 and C12 in particular) may effectively reduce CH4 production.
Theoretical study on the glycosidic C-C bond cleavage of 3”-oxo-puerarin
Authors: Choi Jongkeun , Kim Yongho , Eser Bekir , Han Jaehong
Published: July 2023

Puerarin, daidzein C-glucoside, was known to be biotransformed to daidzein by human intestinal bacteria, which is eventually converted to (S)-equol. The metabolic pathway of puerarin to daidzein by DgpABC of Dorea sp. PUE strain was reported as puerarin (1) → 3”-oxo-puerarin (2) → daidzein (3) + hexose enediolone (C). The second reaction is the cleavage of the glycosidic C-C bond, supposedly through the quinoid intermediate (4). In this work, the glycosidic C-C bond cleavage reaction of 3”-oxo-puerarin (2) was theoretically studied by means of DFT calculation to elucidate chemical reaction mechanism, along with biochemical energetics of puerarin metabolism. It was found that bioenergetics of puerarin metabolism is slightly endergonic by 4.99 kcal/mol, mainly due to the reaction step of hexose enediolone (C) to 3”-oxo-glucose (A). The result implied that there could be additional biochemical reactions for the metabolism of hexose enediolone (C) to overcome the thermodynamic energy barrier of 4.59 kcal/mol. The computational study focused on the C-C bond cleavage of 3”-oxo-puerarin (2) found that formation of the quinoid intermediate (4) was not accessible thermodynamically, rather the reaction was initiated by the deprotonation of 2”C-H proton of 3”-oxo-puerarin (2). The 2”C-dehydro-3”-oxo-puerarin (2a2C) anionic species produced hexose enediolone (C) and 8-dehydro-daidzein anion (3a8), and the latter quickly converted to daidzein through the daidzein anion (3a7). Our study also explains why the reverse reaction of C-glycoside formation from daidzein (3) and hexose enediolone (C) is not feasible.
Multi-channel Small Animal Drug Metabolism Real-time Monitoring Fluorescence System
Authors: Qian Zhiyu
Published: July 2023

Purpose The data acquisition of drug metabolism analysis requires a lot of time and animal resources. However, there are often many deviations in the results of pharmacokinetic analysis. Conventional methods cannot measure the blood drug concentration data in multiple tissues at the same time, and the data is obtained by in vitro measurement, which produces time errors, in vitro data errors, and individual differences between animals. In the analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters, it will seriously affect the pass rate of clinical trials of R&D drugs and the accuracy of the dosing schedule. To the best of our knowledge, we have not found the study of in vivo blood drug concentration using multi-channel equipment. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to build a set of multi organ monitoring and analysis instruments for synchronously monitoring the metabolism of drugs in various tissues of small animals, so as to obtain real in vivo data of blood drug concentration in real time.
Procedures Using the fluorescence properties and Laser-induced fluorescence principle of drugs, we designed six channels to monitor the changes of fluorescence-labeled drugs in their main metabolic organs, a multi-channel calibration method was proposed to improve the accuracy of the Time-division multiplexing, the real-time collection of drug concentration in vivo is realized and the drug metabolism curve in vivo can be observed.
Results The instrument satisfies the collection of small doses of drugs such as ug, the detection sensitivity can reach 10 ng/ml, and can monitor and collect the drug metabolism of multiple small animal tissues at the same time, which greatly reduces the use of animals, reduces the differences between individuals, and reduces consumption cost and improve the detection efficiency of parameters, and obtain data information that is closer to the real biology.
Conclusion Realized the real-time continuous monitoring and data collection of the drug metabolism in the plasma of living small animals and the important organs such as kidney, liver and spleen. The research and development of new drugs and clinical research have higher practical value.
Estimation of Regional-Scale Near Real Time Reference Evapotranspiration Using Remote Sensing and Weather Data to Improve Agriculture Advisory
Authors: Soni Anil Kumar , Tripathi Jayant Nath , Ghosh Kripan , Singh Priyanka , Sateesh M. , Singh K. K.
Published: July 2023

Accurate and timely information of evapotranspiration (ET0) is essential for multiple agricultural applications, including irrigation scheduling, studying crop-specific water loss at different growth stages, predicting crop yields, and forecasting drought conditions. The aim of this study is to examine the spatiotemporal patterns of ET0 and facilitate the monitoring of crop water demand, optimizing irrigation water usage, and enhancing agricultural advisory services. This paper estimates regional-level daily ET0 gridded data with a spatial resolution of 12.5 km by integrating observed weather data, IMD GFS-T1534 reanalysis data, and INSAT-3D satellite-based insolation product using the standard FAO56 Penman-Monteith empirical equation. The estimated monthly mean of ET0 across India ranged from 10 to 400 mm. ET0 exhibited an increasing trend from January to May, reaching its maximum values in May. In June, ET0 significantly decreased as the monsoon arrived, coinciding with the movement of rainfall patterns. The month of December exhibited the lowest ET0 values. The estimated daily gridded ET0 was compared with station-based ET0, resulting in daily correlation coefficient R2 and daily maximum absolute percentage errors ranging from 0.34 to 0.90 and 10% to 27% respectively. However, these errors decreased to a large extent when considering multiday accumulated values. A comparison was conducted between the GLDAS model ET0 and the station-estimated values, revealing an overestimation of ET0 by the GLDAS model. Additionally, significant variations were observed among the meteorological subdivisions. This highlights the necessity for proper calibration of the GLDAS model ET0 or its effective agricultural application.
Design and Analysis of Financial Supervision Detection and Collaborative Decision System Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhao Ting , Liu Ran
Published: July 2023

With the complexity and increasing risks of financial markets, financial regulation has become more urgent and important. This article designs and analyzes a financial regulatory detection and collaborative decision-making system based on artificial intelligence to address this issue. The system aims to effectively measure systemic financial risks and provide early warning to protect investors' interests, guide enterprise decision-making, and strengthen financial supervision. Through the nonlinear Glenmorangie distillery causality test and correlation analysis, the indicators that have a significant impact on the systemic financial risk are screened out, which further verifies the characteristics of the financial Systemic risk that has a wide range of sources and is complex and diverse. In the construction of a systematic financial risk warning model, the Twin SVM model was adopted, and the optimal parameter settings of the model were determined through experimental comparison of different kernel functions and hysteresis periods. The Twin SVM model exhibits excellent predictive power, stability, and generalization performance, which can accurately predict pressure information in the financial market. The artificial intelligence based financial regulatory detection and collaborative decision-making system designed in this article can effectively measure systemic financial risks, provide early warning, and provide important reference and decision-making basis for investors, enterprise managers, and financial regulators.
Early cellular activity of GelMA as a Photopolymerized Hydrogel using an ex vivo tooth slice model
Authors: Marie Bryan St. , Kucuk Meltem , Aksel Hacer
Published: July 2023

Objectives
This study determined the cellular effect of a light-polymerized three-dimensional hydrogel, Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using an in vitro dentin slice model.
Materials and Methods
DPSCs were cultured on dentin discs which were filled with GelMA or Biodentine. Cells cultured without dentin or on untreated dentin discs were used as controls. DPSC viability, migration, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and angiogenic tubule formation and von-Willebrand factor (vWF) release by HUVECs were determined. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests was used to analyze the data.
Results
DPSCs showed similar viability in the GelMA, Biodentine, and untreated dentin disc groups at 4 days (p > 0.05), while higher cell viability was observed on GelMA than Biodentine at 7 days (p < 0.05). The migration and ALP activity were superior in the untreated dentin and GelMA groups compared to Biodentine (p < 0.05). HUVECs showed similar vWF release and tubule density on the GelMA and untreated dentin groups (p > 0.05). Biodentine significantly decreased vWF release (p < 0.05) and did not show any angiogenic tubule formation by HUVECs.
Conclusion
GelMA filled dentin discs enhanced viability, migration, mineralization and angiogenic ability of the cells compared to Biodentine.
Clinical Relevance
GelMA as a photopolymerized hydrogel enhanced cell viability and differentiation that can allow pulpal healing at the damaged site under the sealing materials.
Nomograms Constructed for Predicting Diagnosis and Prognosis in Cervical Cancer Patients with Second Primary Malignancies: A SEER Database Analysis
Authors: Xie Ning , Lin Jie , Liu Linying , Deng Sufang , Yu Haijuan , Sun Yang
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Cervical cancer (CC) patients are more likely to develop second primary malignancies (SPMs) than general population. With the advancement in cancer therapy, CC patients are achieving long-term survival, leading SPMs to our attention. Our study aims to establish diagnostic and prognostic nomograms for CC patients with second primary malignancies (CCSPMs) to help make personalized follow-up plans and treatments.
Methods
Data of CCSPMs between 2000 and 2019 was extracted from SEER. The proportions and the average interval time of CCSPM onset were calculated. 11 related clinical characteristics, including age, race, marital status, grade, FIGO stage, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, were further explore. Logistic and Cox regressions were employed to predict risk factors for CCSPMs diagnosis. Finally, two nomograms were developed to predict the probability occurrence and prognosis of CCSPMs, respectively.
Results
For diagnostic nomogram construction, 59,178 CC patients were randomly divided into training (n = 41,426) and validation cohorts (n = 17,752). For prognostic nomogram construction, 3,527 CCSPMs patients were randomly divided into training (n = 2,469) and validation cohorts (n = 1,058). The diagnostic nomogram consisting of above eleven independent risk factors (all P < 0.05), had high accuracy (AUCtraining = 0.851 and AUCvalidating = 0.845). The prognostic nomogram integrated with eight independent prognostic factors such as treatments, FIGO stage and TNM stage, performed well in predicting 5-year OS (AUCtraining = 0.835 and AUCvalidating = 0.837).
Conclusion
Our diagnostic and prognostic nomograms could facilitate clinicians to quantify individual SPMs risk and survival probabilities and optimize the surveillance recommendations and personalized clinical decision-making.
Total Neoadjuvant Therapy with Short-course Radiotherapy versus Long-course Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer, Korean trial (TV- LARK trial): study protocol of a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Min Jung , Lee Dae Won , Kang Hyun Cheol , Park Ji Won , Ryoo Seung-Bum , Han Sae-Won , Kim Kyung Su , Chie Eui Kyu , Oh Jae Hwan , Jeong Woon Kyung , Kim Byoung Hyuck , Nam Eun Mi , Jeong Seung-Yong
Published: July 2023

Background
For locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) may enhance tumour response, reduce recurrence, and improve patient compliance compared to upfront surgery. Recent studies have shown that chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by consolidation chemotherapy leads to higher rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) than induction chemotherapy followed by CRT. However, an optimal TNT regimen that maximise the pCR rate and minimise toxicity has not been established. Therefore, the aim of this trial was to investigate whether preoperative short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy with four cycles of CAPOX can double the pCR rate compared to a standard schedule of long-course preoperative CRT in patients with LARC.
Methods
This is a multi-centre, prospective, open label, randomised controlled trial. Patients with clinical primary tumour stage 3 and higher or regional node-involved rectal cancer located within 10 cm from the anal verge were randomly assigned equally to short-course radiotherapy (25 Gy in 5 fractions over 1 week) followed by four cycles of CAPOX (intravenous oxaliplatin [130 mg/m2, once a day] on day 1 and capecitabine [1,000 mg/m2, twice a day] from days 1 to 14) (TNT) or CRT (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions over 5 weeks, concurrently with concomitant oral capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice a day). After preoperative treatment, total mesorectal excision was performed 2–4 weeks in the TNT group and 6–10 weeks in the CRT group, followed by optional additional adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary endpoint is the pCR rate, and secondary endpoints include disease-related treatment failure, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. Assuming a pCR rate of 28% and 15% in the TNT and CRT groups, respectively, and one-side alpha error rate of 0.025 and power of 80%, 348 patients will be enrolled considering 10% dropout rate.
Discussion
The TV-LARK trial will evaluate the superiority of employed TNT regimen against the standard CRT regimen for patients with LARC. We aimed to identify a TNT regimen that will improve the pCR rate and decrease systemic recurrence in these patients.
Trial registration:
cris.nih.go.kr ID: KCT0007169 (April 08, 2022). The posted information will be updated as needed to reflect the protocol amendments and study progress.
MLST-FENet: Network traffic classification based on multilevel spatiotemporal feature fusion enhancement
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yu Xuecheng , Huang Yan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Jia Zhenhong , Qin Xizhong
Published: July 2023

Network traffic classification is an important task for ensuring network security and managing resources. The existing solution strategies are based on predefined features extracted by experts, which leads to high uncertainty when applied to network traffic classification. At the same time, it is necessary to continuously update features, making it difficult to achieve model migration and application. In contrast, in this study, a novel deep learning-based method was proposed to accurately determine network traffic characteristics. First, the traffic data were transformed into image data with texture features. Then, based on the characteristics of the input data, we proposed a multitask classification model for malicious and encrypted traffic called the multilevel spatiotemporal feature fusion enhanced network traffic classification model (MLST-FENet). This model automatically learns the nonlinear relationship between input and output and is an end-to-end framework. Experiments showed that MLST-FENet achieves better detection and classification performance for malicious and encrypted traffic on the USTC-TFC2016 and ISCX VPN -NONVPN datasets and has strong generalization ability, so it can be used in many practical application scenarios, providing more valuable information for the field of network security.
Protective efficacies of multi-epitope DNA subunit vaccine constructed from common antigens of Eimeria species in chickens
Authors: Chen Chen , Su Junzhi , Lu Mingmin , Xu Lixin , Yan Ruofeng , Li Xiangrui , Song Xiaokai
Published: July 2023

Clinical avian coccidiosis is typically caused by co-infection with several Eimeria species. Recombinant protein and DNA vaccines have shown promising prospects in controlling coccidiosis. On this basis, DNA vaccines that encode multiple epitopes from different Eimeria species may provide broad protection against co-infections. In this study, we designed a fusion gene fragment, 14EGT, that contained concentrated T-cell epitopes from four common antigens of Eimeria species (14-3-3, elongation factor 2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and transhydrogenase). Multi-epitope DNA vaccine pVAX1-14EGT and recombinant protein vaccine pET-32a-14EGT (r14EGT) were then created based on the 14EGT fragment. Subsequently, cellular and humoral immune responses were measured in vaccinated chickens. Vaccination-challenge trials were also conducted, where the birds were vaccinated with the 14EGT preparations and later exposed to single or multiple Eimeria species to evaluate the protective efficacy of the vaccines. According to the results, vaccination with 14EGT preparations effectively upregulated the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the levels of Th1 and Th2 hallmark cytokines. The levels of serum IgG antibodies were also significantly increased. Animal vaccination trials revealed the alleviated enteric lesions, weight loss, and oocysts output compared to the control groups. The preparations were found to be moderately effective against single Eimeria species, with the anticoccidial index (ACI) ranging from 160 to 180. However, when challenged with multiple Eimeria species, the protection provided by the 14EGT preparations was not satisfactory, with ACI of 142.18 and 146.41, respectively. Collectively, the results suggest that a multi-epitope vaccine that encodes the T-cell epitopes of common antigens derived from Eimeria parasites could be a potential and effective strategy to control avian coccidiosis.
Potentiating humoral and cellular immunity using a novel hybrid polymer-lipid nanoparticle adjuvant for HBsAg-VLP vaccine
Authors: Liu Xuhan , Min Qiuxia , Song Huiping , Yue Aochun , Li Qin , Zhou Qing , Han Wei
Published: July 2023

Aluminum adjuvants are commonly used in vaccines to stimulate the immune system, but they have limited ability to promote cellular immunity which is necessary for clearing viral infections like hepatitis B. Current adjuvants that do promote cellular immunity often have undesired side effects due to the immunostimulants they contain. In this study, a hybrid polymer lipid nanoparticle (HPLNP) was developed as an efficient adjuvant for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine to potentiate both humoral and cellular immunity. The HPLNP is composed of FDA approved polyethylene glycol-b-poly (L-lactic acid) (PEG-PLLA) polymer and cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), and can be easily prepared by a one-step method. The cationic optimised vaccine formulation HBsAg/HPLNP (w/w = 1/600) can maximise the cell uptake of the antigen due to the electrostatic adsorption between the vaccine nanoparticle and the cell membrane of antigen-presenting cells. The HPLNP prolonged the retention of the antigen at the injection site and enhanced the lymph node drainage of antigen, resulting in a higher concentration of serum anti-HBsAg IgG compared to the HBsAg group or the HBsAg/Al group after the boost immunisation in mice. The HPLNP also promoted a strong Th1-driven immune response, as demonstrated by the significantly improved IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, increased production of IFN-γ, and activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. Importantly, the HPLNP demonstrated no systemic toxicity during immunisation. The advantages of the HPLNP, including good biocompatibility, easy preparation, low cost, and its ability to enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses, suggest its suitability as an efficient adjuvant for protein-based vaccines such as HBsAg-VLP. These findings highlight the promising potential of the HPLNP as an HBV vaccine adjuvant, offering an alternative to aluminum adjuvants currently used in vaccines.
WearNControl: Textile-Based Multimodal Customizable Activators
Authors: Sakif Mustasin Mahmood , Ihalainen Tiina , Merilampi Sari , Raumonen Pasi , Vuohijoki Tiina , Virkki Johanna
Published: July 2023

This paper presents early prototypes of WearNControl, textile-based multimodal customizable activators. The prototypes were targeted at turning our ordinary clothing and accessories assistive. The activators are part of a system with a web-based interface that allows the user to tailor the functionalities of the activators. These first prototypes can be activated by three different methods; pushing, touching, and pulling, and the interface allows the following functionalities: sending text messages and emails, making phone calls, and playing music. Based on preliminary prototype testing and system evaluation by five testers, an overall success rate of 98% was achieved for all activator inputs and text message outputs. Next, more types of activator prototypes will be created, and user opinions will be gathered for desired activator functionalities. Further, by using better servers and services, optimal system performance can be achieved.
Blockade of OX40/OX40L signaling using anti-OX40L delays disease progression in murine lupus
Authors: Zhao Junpeng , Li Liming , Feng Xiwei , Zhao Ming , Yin Huiqi , Lu Qianjin
Published: July 2023

Objectives
OX40 ligand (OX40L) locus genetic variants have relationships with the risk for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), OX40L blockade has been shown to ameliorate renal damage and suppress autoantibody production in NZB/W F1 mice. However, it is unclear how OX40L blockade delays lupus phenotype.
Methods
In present study, we examined the impact of blocking OX40L using anti-OX40L in the MRL/lpr murine model of lupus. Mice were sorted into 3 groups with 9 ~ 11 mice per group as follows: IgG treatment, Cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment, and anti-OX40L treatment. Treated mice were harvested, and samples of serum, kidney, and spleen were collected for outcome evaluation. Next, we investigated the impact of anti-OX40L on immunosuppression in KLH-immunized C57BL/6J mice aged 8 weeks through the detection of serum immunoglobulins (Igs) and splenocyte flow cytometry. In vitro treatment of anti-OX40L in CD4+ T and CD19+ B cells were used for exploring the roles of OX40L in SLE pathogenesis.
Results
Anti-OX40L delayed disease progression in MRL/lpr mice, accompanied by decreased production of anti-dsDNA, proteinuria, and Ig deposition in kidney, as well as lower frequencies of Th1 and Tfh cells in the spleen. Compared to the IgG group, anti-OX40L was found to up-regulate polyclonal CD4+ T cell differentiation into Tregs in vitro. In KLH-immunized mice, decreased levels of Igs, and plasmablast cells were observed in anti-OX40L group. Blocking OX40/OX40L signaling also inhibited TLR7-mediated differentiation of antibody secreting cells (ASCs) and production of antibody through the up-regulation of SPI-B, IRF8, and PAX5, and down-regulation of Xbp-1 in B cells in vitro.
Conclusion
Together, these results propose OX40L as a promising therapeutic target for SLE.
Uncovering the Genetic and Molecular Features of Huntington's Disease in Northern Colombia
Authors: Ahmad Mostapha , Anillo Margarita Rosa Ríos , Lopez Johan E Acosta , Henriquez Martha L Cervantes , Banfi Martha Martinez , Halhusema Wilmar Pineda , Rozo Pedro Puentes , Barros Cristian Sanchez , Pinzon Andres , Patel Hardip , Velez Jorge I , Camacho Jose Luis Villarreal , Pineda David A , Burgos Mauricio Arcos , Rojas Manuel Sanchez
Published: July 2023

Background
The second world's most extensive cluster of patients affected with Huntington’s disease (HD), a genetic disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, inhabits Juan de Acosta, a city located on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. This group represents the second most extensive pedigree clustering HD in the world.
Methods
We included 291 descendants of families living in Juan de Acosta, Colombia, who had at least one member with HD. Blood samples were obtained, and genomic DNA was extracted. The HTT CAG expansion was quantified using an amplicon sequencing protocol. Statistical and bioinformatic analyses were conducted using several modules implemented in R. Statistical threshold significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results
A total of 33 HD patients were analyzed, and a mean of 21.91 HTT CAG repeats with a standard deviation of 8.92 copies was obtained. The most affected individuals were adults, and the most common primary and secondary alleles were 17/7 and 17/10, respectively. Mosaicism increased with age in participants with HD, and slippage analyses revealed differences by HD allele type for the secondary allele, but no significant differences were observed by sex. Slippage tended to increase with the number of CAG repeats in participants with HD, but the increase was not statistically significant. The most common haplotype was 17/7_17/10.
Conclusion
This study analyzed the genetic and molecular features of HD by examining 291 participants, including 33 with HD. Mosaicism was found to increase with age in subjects with HD, particularly for the secondary allele; the most common haplotype was 17/7_17/10. Slippage for the secondary allele varied by HD allele type, but no significant difference in slippage was observed by sex. The findings offer valuable insights into the disease and could have implications for future research and clinical management.
Early warning of potential epidemics: A pilot application of an early warning tool to data from the pulmonary clinic of the university hospital of Thessaly, Greece
Authors: Meletis Eleftherios , Poulakida Irene , Perlepe Garyfallia , Katsea Asimina , Boutlas Stylianos , Papadamou Georgia , Gourgouliannis Konstantinos , Kostoulas Polychronis
Published: July 2023

This paper describes a pilot application of the Epidemic Volatility Index (EVI) to data from the pulmonary clinic of the University Hospital of Thessaly, Greece, for monitoring respiratory infections, COVID-19, and flu cases. EVI, a simple and easily implemented early warning method based on the volatility of newly reported cases, exhibited consistent and stable performance in detecting new waves of epidemics. The study highlights the importance of implementing early warning tools to address the effects of epidemics, including containment of outbreaks, timely intervention strategies, and resource allocation within real-world clinical settings as part of a broader public health strategy. The results presented in the figures demonstrate the association between successive early warnings and the onset of new waves, providing valuable insights for proactive decision-making. A web-based application enabling real-time monitoring and informed decision-making by healthcare professionals, public health officials, and policymakers was developed. This study emphasizes the significant role of early warning methods in managing epidemics and safeguarding public health. Future research may explore extensions and combinations of multiple warning systems for optimal outbreak interventions and application of the methods in the context of personalized medicine.
Intracerebral administration of a novel self-assembling peptide hydrogel is safe and supports cell proliferation in experimental intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Bolan Faye , Dickie Ben R , Cook James R , Thomas Josephine M , Pinteaux Emmanuel , Allan Stuart M , Saiani Alberto , Lawrence Catherine B
Published: July 2023

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the deadliest form of stroke but current treatment options are limited, meaning ICH survivors are often left with life-changing disabilities. The significant unmet clinical need and socioeconomic burden of ICH means novel regenerative medicine approaches are gaining interest. To facilitate regeneration of the ICH lesion, injectable biomimetic hydrogels are proposed as both scaffolds for endogenous repair and delivery platforms for pro-regenerative therapies. In this paper, the objective was to explore whether injection of a novel self-assembling peptide hydrogel (SAPH) Alpha2 was feasible, safe and could stimulate brain tissue regeneration, in a collagenase-induced ICH model in rat. Alpha2 was administered intracerebrally at 7 days post ICH and functional outcome measures, histological markers of damage and repair and RNA-sequencing were investigated for up to 8 weeks. The hydrogel Alpha2 was safe, well-tolerated and was retained in the lesion for several weeks, where it allowed infiltration of host cells. The hydrogel had a largely neutral effect on functional outcomes and expression of angiogenic and neurogenic markers but led to increased numbers of proliferating cells. RNAseq and pathway analysis showed that ICH induced genes related to inflammatory and phagocytic pathways and these changes were also observed after administration of hydrogel. Overall, the results show that the novel hydrogel was safe when injected intracerebrally, had no negative effects on functional outcomes but increased cell proliferation. To elicit a regenerative effect, future studies could use a functionalised hydrogel or combine it with an adjunct therapy.
The attitude of Iranian directors and screenwriters toward patients with mental disorders in comparison with a general population group
Authors: Kamalinejad Kiandokht , Shariat Seved Vahid , Eissazade Negin , Shalbafan Mohammadreza
Published: July 2023

Background: Mental disorders are accountable for 16% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide. Therefore, accessible, cost-effective interventions are needed to help provide preventive and therapeutic options. As directors and screenwriters can reach a great audience, they can use their job to either promote stigma or educate the public with the correct definition and conception of mental disorders. Therefore, we aimed to measure the attitude of contemporary Iranian directors and screenwriters toward patients with mental disorders in comparison with a general population group. Methods: In this cross-sectional study we included 72 directors and screenwriters between 18-65 years old who had worked in at least one movie/television show, and 72 age- and education-matched controls. We collected the demographic data of the participants, and used the Persian version of the Level of Contact Report (LCR) to measure their familiarity with mental disorders, and used the Persian version of Social Distance Scale (SDS) and Dangerousness Scale (DS) to measure their attitude toward them.
Results: Compared to the general population group, directors and screenwriters had significantly lower SDS (12.51±3.8 vs. 13.65±3.73) and DS (12.51±3.8 vs. 13.65±3.73) scores (P<0.001), indicating a more positive attitude toward patients with mental disorders. Familiarity with mental disorders was not significantly different between the groups. Female gender was associated with a more negative attitude in the directors and screenwriters group. Additionally, among the SDS items, ‘How would you feel about someone with severe mental disorder marrying your children?’ and ‘How would you feel about someone with severe mental disorder taking care of your children for a couple of hours?’ received the most negative feedback in both groups. Among the DS items, ‘there should be a law forbidding a former mental patient the right to obtain a hunting license’ received the most negative feedback in both groups.
Conclusions: Directors and screenwriters had a more positive attitude toward patients with mental disorders. Due to this relatively positive attitude, this group of artists can potentially contribute to anti-stigma initiatives by offering educational materials and resources, promoting mental health care, and improving access to mental health care.
WITHDRAWN: TRPV4 promotes HBV replication and capsid assembly via methylation modification of H3K4 and HBc ubiquitin
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yuan Xiaoxue , Wang Jun , Han Ming , Lu Hongping , Wang Yun , Liu Shunai , Cheng Jun , Xing Huichun
Published: July 2023

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant burden on global public health. Unfortunately, current treatments cannot fully alleviate this burden as they have limited effect on the transcriptional activity of the tenacious covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) responsible for viral persistence. Consequently, the HBV life cycle should be further investigated to develop new anti-HBV pharmaceutical targets. Our previous study discovered that the host gene TMEM203 hinders HBV replication by participating in calcium ion regulation. The involvement of intracellular calcium in HBV replication has also been confirmed.
Results
In this study, we found that transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) notably enhances HBV reproduction by investigating the effects of several calcium ion-related molecules on HBV replication. The in-depth study showed that TRPV4 promotes hepatitis B core/capsid protein (HBc) protein stability through the ubiquitination pathway and then promotes the nucleocapsid assembly. HBc binds to cccDNA and reduces the nucleosome spacing of the cccDNA-histones complex, which may regulate HBV transcription by altering the nucleosome arrangement of the HBV genome. Moreover, our results showed that TRPV4 promotes cccDNA-dependent transcription by accelerating the methylation modification of H3K4. In conclusion, TRPV4 could interact with HBV core protein and regulate HBV during transcription and replication.
Conclusions
These data suggest that TRPV4 exerts multifaceted HBV-related synergistic factors and may serve as a therapeutic target for CHB.
Ecopolyols from spent coffee grounds through acid liquefaction using polyol: Synthesis and its optimization
Authors: Paria Sarbaranjan , Kim Gyuri , Lee Jung Wook , Jeong Seongrok , Sahu Pranabesh , Park Sung Hwan , Oh Jeong Seok
Published: July 2023

Recently, colossal research interests have been paid in the scientific community to synthesize biomass-based polyols due to their availability, sustainability, and low toxicity. Here, in this work, the main objective involves an effective synthesis of bio-polyol from spent coffee ground through an acid-catalyzed liquefaction reaction by employing sulfuric acid and a mixed solvent of polyether polyol and glycerol at a reasonable reaction temperature. The effect of experimental liquefaction conditions on the extent of conversion was optimized by the design of experiments and statistical analysis using a 23-full-factorial design with temperature, time, and acid concentration as the process parameters. Also, the analysis of variance results with a 95% confidence level reveals that acid concentration is the most influencing factor on biomass conversion. However, the achieved maximum conversion was 65.3 wt% at 170°C, 120 min, and 4 wt% of catalyst. The prepared polyol at the optimized condition showed an acid value of 18.6 mg KOH/g polyol, a hydroxyl value of 77.9 mg KOH/g polyol, and a viscosity of 348.2 cPs at 25 ºC. Thus, this work demonstrates a promising and efficient approach to synthesize bio-based liquid polyols using acid liquefaction at a reasonable temperature.
Comparative Analysis of Topic Modeling Algorithms for Short Texts in Persian Tweets
Authors: Karimi Amir Hossein , Akbari Masoud , Akbari Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Topic modeling is a popular natural language processing technique to uncover hidden patterns and topics in extensive text collections. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies that focus specifically on applying topic modeling algorithms to short texts, particularly from social media platforms. Even fewer studies have explored comparing different topic modeling algorithms for low-resource languages such as Persian. Our study aims to address this gap by thoroughly investigating topic modeling algorithms and metrics tailored for short texts, particularly Persian tweets. We collected and preprocessed a substantial dataset of Persian tweets. We also developed a dedicated tool that enables reproducibility and facilitates the evaluation of various topic modeling algorithms using the provided dataset. Our comparative analysis included Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), Gibbs Sampling Dirichlet Mixture Model (GSDMM), and Correlated Topic Model (CTM). To measure their performance, we employed well-established metrics, namely Purity, Normalized Mutual Information (NMI), and Coherence. Our experimental results indicate that GSDMM and CTM+BERT exhibit superior performance compared to other algorithms in terms of purity and NMI on the Persian short-text topic modeling dataset. Additionally, CTM+BERT demonstrates competitive coherence performance compared to GSDMM. Our study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of different topic modeling approaches for short texts and can help researchers select the most appropriate algorithm for their specific use case.