bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Public Service Quality Dimensions: Case Study of e-KTP Implementation in Sangkapura District, Bawean Island, Gresik Regency
Authors: Wati Izza Milla , Tamrin M. Husni , Arieffiani Deasy
Published: April 2024

This research aims to explore and understand the quality of public services in making e-KTPs in Sangkapura District, Gresik Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, referring to the four factors of Tjiptono's theory (2000). These include Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy. In collecting data, this research used observation, interviews and documentation of the research location in Sangkapura District. The research results show that the Sangkapura District Government is always trying to improve the quality of e-KTP services. However, these efforts are still not optimal because there are still deficiencies in the Responsiveness aspect, empathy aspect and there are several obstacles. Such as slow database response and lack of a public complaint suggestion box. Using e-KTP technology is expected to increase efficiency, reduce opportunities for document forgery and so on.
Bioaugmentation for enhanced mitigation of explosives in surface soil
Authors: Crocker Fiona , Fuller Mark , Clark Kayla
Published: April 2024

Residual munition constituents (MCs) generated from live-fire training exercises persist in soil and can migrate to groundwater, surface waters, and off-range locations. Techniques to mitigate this potential migration are needed. Since the MC hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) can be biodegraded, soil inoculation with RDX-degrading bacteria (i.e., bioaugmentation) was investigated as a means to reduce the migration potential of RDX. Metagenomic studies using contaminated soils have suggested that a greater diversity of bacteria are capable of RDX biodegradation. However, these bacteria remain uncultivated and are potentially a source of novel enzymes and pathways for RDX biodegradation. In situ soil cultivation of a novel soil array was used to isolate the uncultivated bacteria that had been inferred to degrade RDX. Approximately 10.5% of the bacteria isolated from the soil arrays degraded RDX by the aerobic denitration pathway. Of these, 26.5% were possibly novel species of RDX-degrading bacteria, based on 16S rRNA sequence similarity. Both cell encapsulation in hydrogels and coating cells onto granules of polymeric carbon sources were investigated as carrier/delivery approaches for soil inoculation. However, neither of these approaches could confirm that the observed RDX degradation was by the inoculated bacteria.
Evaluating soil conditions to inform Upper Mississippi River floodplain restoration projects
Authors: McFarlane Aaron , Hurst Nia , Jung Carina , Theiling Charles
Published: April 2024

The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has designed and constructed thousands of acres of ecosystem restoration features within the Upper Mississippi River System. Many of these projects incorporate island construction to restore geomorphic diversity and habitat, including floodplain forests. Soils are the foundation of the ecological function and successful establishment of floodplain forests as they are the basis through which plants obtain water and nutrients and provide critical ecosystem services. To improve floodplain forest island restoration outcomes, three natural and four recently (<10 years) constructed restoration sites were studied to compare soil physical, chemical, microbial, and fungal characteristics. Constructed islands had lower soil organic matter and dissolved organic carbon and differed in nutrient concentrations, bacterial assemblages, and fungal communities compared to reference sites. However, soil enzyme activity and some microbial community characteristics were functionally similar between the natural and created sites. Results align with previously established restoration trajectory theories where hydrological and basic microbial ecosystem functions are restored almost immediately, but complex biologically mediated and habitat functions require more time to establish. Data from this and future studies will help increase the long-term success of USACE floodplain forest restoration, improve island design, and help develop region-specific restoration trajectory curves to better anticipate the outcomes of floodplain forest creation projects.
Las comunidades campesinas en el Perú
Authors: Lázaro Aquino Teódulo Gerardo
Published: April 2024

The objective was to analyze the processes of organization, action, leadership and perspectives of peasant communities in Peru, specifically in Junín, period 1959-2017, under a qualitative methodological approach, narrative-historical design. It is evident that in the 50s-60s of the 20th century, peasant organizations focused on the land problem with the estates, on the implementation of the pilot plan for agrarian reform and the founding of a communal university. Between 1969-1980, they were part of the structure of the Agricultural Societies of Social Interest, implemented by the agrarian reform of 1969. From 1980 and the end of the 90s, overwhelmed by political violence, the Peasant Rounds were formed, especially to confront the authoritarianism and Shining Path terrorism. In the 21st century, many communities continue the fight for territory with extractive companies (mining, hydrocarbons, non-metallic) and with the State for infrastructure and better public services.
Programa de intervención legal para la prevención de la violencia sexual en una institución de Educación General Básica
Authors: Zambrano Gómez Patricia Judith
Published: April 2024

This study assesses the effectiveness of programs aimed at preventing and legally addressing sexual violence in Ecuadorian educational institutions. A quantitative and descriptive approach is employed, using surveys to collect data from parents whose children have been victims of sexual violence. The results indicate that legal assistance programs increase formal reports and provide emotional support to victims. The need for comprehensive programs is emphasized, and improvements in preventive measures and legal procedures are proposed. The study underscores the importance of legal counseling in combating sexual violence in educational contexts in Ecuador.
The bacterial metabolite, lithocholic acid, has antineoplastic effects in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mikó Edit , Schwarcz Szandra , Kovács Patrik , Nyerges Petra , Ujlaki Gyula , Sipos Adrienn , Uray Karen , Bai Peter
Published: April 2024

Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a secondary bile acid. LCA enters the circulation after bacterial synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract, reaches distantly located cancer cells, and influences their behavior. LCA was considered carcinogenic, but recent studies demonstrated that LCA has antitumor effects. We assessed the possible role of LCA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. At the serum reference concentration, LCA induced a multi-pronged antineoplastic program in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. LCA inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transition that reduced cell invasion capacity. LCA induced oxidative/nitrosative stress by decreasing the expression of nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2) and inducing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The oxidative/nitrosative stress increased protein nitration and lipid peroxidation. Suppression of oxidative stress by glutathione (GSH) or pegylated catalase (pegCAT) blunted LCA-induced MET. Antioxidant genes were overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and decreased antioxidant levels correlated with better survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Furthermore, LCA treatment decreased the proportions of cancer stem cells. Finally, LCA induced total and ATP-linked mitochondrial oxidation and fatty acid oxidation. LCA exerted effects through the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). LCA did not interfere with cytostatic agents used in the chemotherapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Taken together, LCA is a non-toxic compound and has antineoplastic effects in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Mer receptor expression promotes multiple myeloma disease development via a cell-extrinsic mechanism
Authors: Clark Justine R. , Panagopoulos Vasilios , Noll Jacqueline E. , Mrozik Krzysztof M. , Bradey Alanah L. , Croucher Peter I , Zannettino Andrew C. W. , Vandyke Kate , Hewett Duncan R.
Published: April 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological malignancy characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of bone marrow resident plasma cells (PCs). Two members of the TAM (TYRO3, AXL and MER) receptor family have previously been implicated in distinct aspects of neoplastic PC biology. AXL expression in MM PCs has been associated with induction of a dormant, non-cycling state within the bone marrow, whereas expression of MER has been implicated in PC proliferation and survival. Here, generation of single TAM receptor expressing 5TGM1 murine MM cell lines enabled the individual functional assessment of the effects of Axl and Mer receptor expression on MM development. Axl expression did not affect proliferation, cell cycling, or stromal cell induced dormancy in vitro. Development of 5TGM1 tumours in C57BL/KaLwRij mice was also unaltered by Axl expression. By contrast, Mer expression conferred an increase in cell proliferation to 5TGM1 cells in vitro, and increased 5TGM1 tumour burden in C57BL/KaLwRij mice. The pro-tumourigenic properties of Mer were only observed following intravenous cell delivery into mice with an intact adaptive immune system. Thus, Axl is neither necessary nor sufficient for induction of MM cancer cell dormancy, whereas Mer remains a promising target for therapeutic intervention in MM patients.
Reconciling tracked atmospheric water flows to close the global freshwater cycle
Authors: De Petrillo Elena , Fahrländer Simon , Tuninetti Marta , Andersen Lauren S. , Monaco Luca , Ridolfi Luca , Laio Francesco
Published: April 2024

Atmospheric moisture plays a vital role in the hydrological cycle, connecting evap oration sources to precipitation sinks. While high-resolution moisture-tracking models offer valuable insight, discrepancies to atmospheric re-analysis data emerge. In this study, we reconcile tracked atmospheric water flows with reanal ysis data, using the Iterative Proportional Fitting procedure (IPF). We apply IPF to the atmospheric moisture flows from the UTrack dataset (averaged over 2008-2017), aggregated within countries and ocean boundaries. This reconciled dataset ensures that the total tracked atmospheric moisture equals the total precipitation at the sink and evaporation at the source on an annual basis. Country-scale discrepancies of up to 275% in precipitation and 225% in evapo ration are amended, correcting fluxes by 0˜.07%, on average. We find 45% of the total terrestrial precipitation (˜1.5 ·105 km3yr−1) originates from land evaporation (9.8 ·104 km3yr−1). Our reconciled country-scale dataset offers new ground to investigate transboundary atmospheric water flows which connect us globally.
Transcriptome Analysis of Salicylic Acid Manipulates Watermelon Immune System Against FON Infection
Authors: Yang kankan , Wang Ruozhong , Fang Yong , Zou Ting , Peng Xiaoyun , Wang Zhiwei , Zhu Feiying
Published: April 2024

Watermelon fusarium wilt is a soil-borne disease that seriously affects watermelon yield. Our previous study found that salicylic acid (SA) plays an essential role in regulating watermelon roots against the Fusarium wilt (FW), but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, in this experiment, we aim to explore the molecular mechanism of SA to manipulate disease resistance of the watermelon immune system based on transcriptome analysis, combined with chlorophyll fluorescence images, phytohormone content quantification, and RT‒qPCR verification. Our results demonstrated that exogenous SA activates watermelon plants against Fon1 infection at 3 dpi by inducing other phytohormones and enriching resistance genes to maintain the citrate cycle. Comparing analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified that the CIPER10, CIMYB59, CIMYB44, CIPYL4, CIAGP31, and CIACO3 have key functions in SA signal transduction to active watermelon immune responses. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that SA has a cooperating network with abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) to manipulate the watermelon immune system against FW. Collectively, our findings provide significant insight into watermelon FW defense mechanisms and information for the breeding of new watermelon cultivars.
Talking Technology Tutors: The Perceptions of Conversational AI in Education Through the Eyes of Parents and Teachers Worldwide
Authors: Otermans Pauldy Cornelia Johanna , Baines Stephanie , Livingstone Chelsea , Aditya Dev
Published: April 2024

As artificial intelligence becomes an increasingly prevalent tool across society, conversations have begun on whether it should be implemented into education. Teachers and parents are at the forefront of this dilemma, their opinions being an integral part of the ongoing discussion. This study explores parents’ and teachers’ perspectives on the uses of conversational AI in education. Survey results (111 parents, 109 teachers) showed that the majority of parents and teachers believed conversational AI could support their child’s/students’ development, they were likely to use conversational AI for their child/student, and were comfortable with their child/students using it. In addition, there was a moderate amount of apprehension from both parents and teachers toward AI in education to due privacy, plagiarism and lack human contact concerns. To conclude, parents and teachers had an overall positive view of implementing conversational AI into education.
Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of 418 tomato cultivars based on SNP markers
Authors: Xu Weijie , Gong Chao , Mai Peiting , Li Zhenxing , Sun Baojuan , Li Tao
Published: April 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a highly valuable fruit crop. However, due to the lack of scientific and accurate variety identification methods and nationally unified standards, scattered and non-standardized management in production has led to mixed varieties that have caused significant difficulties in the cataloging and preservation of germplasm resources and the identification, promotion, and application of new tomato varieties. In order to better understand the genetic diversity and population structure of representative tomato varieties, we have collected a total of 418 representative tomato varieties in the past 20 years and analyzed them based on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. In this study, we evaluated the population structure, genetic relationships, and genetic fingerprints of 418 germplasm resources of tomatoes using simplified genome sequencing technology. A total of 196,612,427 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Furthermore, 418 samples of tomatoes were divided into six subgroups, and the population structure and genetic relationships among existing tomato germplasm resources were determined using principal component analysis, population structure analysis, and phylogenetic tree analysis. Through several stringent selection criteria, 15 additional streamlined, high-quality DNA fingerprints were filtered out of the validated 50 SNP loci and verified as being able to effectively identify the 418 tomato varieties. Among them, 46 SNP loci were successfully converted into KASP markers. In general, this study marks the first comprehensive investigation that measures the diversity and population structure of a substantial collection of tomato varieties. These results have greatly broadened our understanding of the diversity, phylogeny, and population structure of tomato germplasm resources. The results may provide a scientific basis and reference data for the future analysis of genetic diversity, species identification, property rights disputes, and molecular breeding in tomatoes.
RRM2: a crosstalk gene for COVID-19 and intervertebral disc degeneration revealed by integrated WGCNA and machine learning
Authors: Cai Changxiong , Liu Jiahao , Yang Guoyu , Miao Xinxin , Wu Tianlong , Cheng Xigao
Published: April 2024

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of low back pain (LBP), and COVID-19 has been reported to be an important risk factor for IDD. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of COVID-19 on IDD by identifying overlapping crosstalk genes associated with these two conditions. The identification of crosstalk genes between COVID-19 and IDD patients will have important clinical implications for early intervention in COVID-19 secondary IDD.
Methods: The gene expression profiles of GSE157103 and GSE70362 were extracted from the GEO database. These profiles were then subjected to analysis using WGCNA, Lasso, and SVM-RFE, resulting in the identification of RRM2 as a crosstalk gene for both COVID-19 and IDD. Additionally, GSEA was employed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which RRM2 exerts its effects in disease. Furthermore, a relationship between RRM2 and immune cells was revealed through correlation analysis. Finally, independent external datasets (GSE171110 and GSE146904) were utilized to validate the diagnostic efficacy of RRM2.
Results: The crosstalk gene RRM2 for both COVID-19 and IDD was identified through the application of WGCNA and machine learning algorithm. GSEA analysis further revealed that RRM2 participates in fatty acid metabolism, thereby promoting disc degeneration in IDD. Moreover, immunocorrelation analyses unveiled a negative regulatory role of RRM2 in CD56-bright natural killer cells and its induction of IDD disc degeneration.
Conclusions: A crosstalk gene of COVID-19 and IDD, RRM2, was identified using WGCNA and machine learning algorithm, providing a new perspective for exploring possible mechanisms of secondary IDD in COVID-19.
Predictors of failed induction of labor among women delivering at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Onanga Ephraim Oluoch , Kasujja Musa , Ddamulira Adam , Hakizimana Theoneste , Emmanuel Eilu , Okurut Emmanuel , Rukamba Jean De Dieu , Okello Maxwell
Published: April 2024

Background:Induction of labor (IOL) is increasingly common in Ugandan referral hospitals but remains a clinical challenge due to its association with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Identifying predictors of failed induction is crucial for optimizing patient care and outcomes. This study aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of failed induction of labor at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital.
Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 150 women undergoing labor induction at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital from July 4, 2023, to September 29, 2023. Participants were recruited using a consecutive sampling technique, and data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. A log-binomial regression model was utilized to estimate the relative risk of failed induction for each associated factor, controlling for potential confounders.
Results: The incidence of failed induction of labor was 35.33%. Nulliparity (P0) was associated with a heightened risk of failed induction compared to primi/multiparity (P1 or more), as indicated by an adjusted relative risk (aRR) of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.27-2.22, p < 0.001). A pre-induction Bishop score <6 significantly increased the risk, with an aRR of 2.44 (95% CI: 1.63-3.67, p < 0.001). Higher BMI (≥30 kg/m²) was found to pose a substantial risk, with an aRR of 1.87 (95% CI: 1.42-2.48, p < 0.001). Infants with a birth weight ≥3.5kg exhibited a notably elevated risk, with an aRR of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.13-1.14, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The study found a fIOL incidence rate of 35.33%, consistent with the varying global trends, emphasizing the need for standardized definitions and protocols in assessing induction outcomes. Parity, pre-induction Bishop Score, birth weight, and BMI were identified as predictors of fIOL, highlighting the importance of considering maternal characteristics and obstetric factors in predicting induction outcomes.
Patients with atrial fibrillation and common exclusion criteria from clinical trials are at high risk of clinical events: The Murcia AF Project II (MAFP-II) cohort study
Authors: Soler-Espejo Eva , Rivera-Caravaca José Miguel , Bru-Cánovas José Daniel , Esteve-Pastor María Asunción , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Marín Francisco , Roldán Vanessa
Published: April 2024

Background: Some clinical characteristics and comorbidities in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients are common exclusion criteria in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating oral anticoagulation. However, these characteristics are present in real-world patients. We compared the risk of adverse clinical outcomes between patients with and without RCT exclusion criteria.
Methods: The Murcia AF Project II (MAFP-II) cohort study was an observational study including AF outpatients starting vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy from July, 2016 to June, 2018. For the selection of the exclusion criteria, the four pivotal RCTs of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were used as reference. During 2-years of follow-up, ischemic strokes/transient ischemic attacks, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), major bleeds, and all-cause deaths, were recorded.
Results: 1050 patients (51.5% female, median age 77 years) were included, of whom 368 (35%) met at least one exclusion criterion for RCTs. During follow-up, the incidence rate ratios for major bleeding, MACE and all-cause mortality were higher among patients with exclusion criteria (all p<0.001). Patients fulfilling at least one exclusion criterion had increased risks of major bleeding (aHR 1.48; 95% CI 1.22-1.81; p<0.001), MACE (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.10-2.09, p=0.012), and mortality (aHR 3.22, 95% CI 2.32-4.48, p<0.001), as well as a lower event-free survival (all log-rank p<0.001)
Conclusions: In this real-world AF cohort of patients taking VKAs, more than one-third had at least one RCT exclusion criteria, which translates into an increased risk of major bleeding, MACE, and death. The outcomes of RCT on anticoagulation may not be applicable to all AF patients.
Intelligent In-Cell Electrophysiology: Reconstructing Action Potentials from Nanoelectrode Data Using Physics-Informed Deep Learning.
Authors: Jahed Zeinab , Rahmani Keivan , Foster Ethan , Cai Ching-Ting , Yang Yang , Gupta Aayush , Yu Rose , Cui Bianxiao , Santoro Francesca , Forró Csaba
Published: April 2024

Intracellular electrophysiology is utilized across different scientific and medical disciplines, including neuroscience, cardiology, and pharmacology, due to its pivotal role in exploring and comprehending the electrical properties of cells within diverse biological systems. Traditional methods for intracellular electrophysiology, such as patch-clamp, are highly precise but suffer from being low-throughput and invasive. In contrast, Nanoelectrode Arrays (NEAs) present a promising alternative, enabling simultaneous intracellular action potential (iAP) and extracellular action potential (eAP) recordings with high throughput. However, accessing intracellular potentials with NEAs remains a challenge. This study introduces a technique for intracellular electrophysiology supported by artificial intelligence (AI) that capitalizes on thousands of synchronous eAP and iAP pairs collected from stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes on NEAs. Our analysis on this unique dataset uncovered strong correlations between specific features of eAP and iAP waveforms, such as amplitude and spiking velocity, that were not detected before, suggesting that extracellular signals could be reliable indicators of intracellular signals. By developing a physics-informed deep learning model trained on these datasets, we show successful reconstruction of iAP waveforms from extracellular recordings. We then demonstrate our model’s potential for non-invasive, long-term, and high-throughput assessments of drug cardiotoxicity. Although we show one specific application of the AI-based model, it opens the door for future research in electrophysiology, with the promise of expanding the dataset to encompass various electrogenic cell types and drug interactions.
Effectiveness of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) and Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) in Treating Anxiety, Depression, Attentional Bias, and Drug Craving in Opioid-Dependent Patients; A Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Papi Kiyanoosh , Nosratabadi Masoud , Taremian Farhad , varkiyani Maryam Ebrahimi , Ghanbari Nikzad , khanbabaie Salar
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) pose significant challenges globally, with opiate addiction being particularly prevalent. This study investigates the impact of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 10 Hz and individual alpha frequencies (IAF), along with cognitive bias modification (CBM), on drug craving, anxiety, depression, and attention bias in individuals with SUDs.
Methods:
Participants (N = 72) were allocated to control, tACS 10 Hz, tACS IAF, Sham, CBM, and CBM+tACS groups (n = 12 each). Measures included demographic questionnaires, dot probe tasks, Desires for Drug Questionnaires (DDQ), DASS-21 assessments, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for craving. Mixed repeated measures ANOVA were conducted, revealing significant interactions (TIME*GROUP), indicating differential treatment effects over time.
Findings:
The study involved 72 substance abusers divided into six groups: control, tACS.10 Hz, tACS Real, Sham, CBM, and CBM+tACS. Demographic variables were similar among groups. Mixed ANOVA showed significant TIME*GROUP interactions for all assessments. Significant differences were found in depression, anxiety, drug dependence, and visual analog scale measures.
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Conclusion:
In summary, while tACS and CBM alone did not significantly reduce substance-related outcomes, their combined approach showed promise. This study highlights the brain's adaptability to electrical stimulation and underscores the need for further exploration in understanding and treating SUDs. Limitations include restricted participant access and reliance on verbal induction of craving, emphasizing the need for robust study designs and diverse measures in future research.
Unleash your inner power: Improving handgrip strength via post-hypnotic suggestions with long-lasting effects
Authors: Nieft Ulrike , Schlütz Marleen , Schmidt Barbara
Published: April 2024

In our study, we investigated whether hypnosis can affect muscle strength. As a measure, we used handgrip strength that we assessed via a hand dynamometer. In addition, we obtained subjective ratings of strength with a visual analogue scale. We developed a hypnosis intervention to make participants feel strong. In the intervention, we tied the feeling of strength to a post-hypnotic power anchor, so participants could evoke the feeling of strength again. We also had a randomized control group that did not receive hypnosis. We tested the effect of the post-hypnotic power anchor on two experimental sessions separated by one week.
Our data show that participants in the hypnosis group felt significantly stronger with their post-hypnotic power anchor compared to their own baseline, both in the first and second experimental session. In addition, participants in the hypnosis group showed a significant increase in objective strength compared to their own baseline in the second experimental session. We found no statistically significant differences in objective strength between groups. We conclude that our hypnosis intervention primarily improved strength perception and secondary objective strength. Our intervention can help patients to regain their health after a medical intervention and athletes to improve their sport performance.
Comparison of pH and PCO2 between arterial and venous blood gas samples in critically ill patients
Authors: Medarov Boris , Saha Biplab , Chong Keenan , Pokhrel Kiran
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
The reliability of peripheral venous blood sampling as a substitute for arterial blood sampling in determining the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in critically ill patients remains controversial. We aimed to determine the utility of venous blood in a medical intensive care unit population.
METHODS
Seventy-six critically ill patients requiring arterial blood sampling as part of their standard clinical management were prospectively enrolled in this study. A venous blood sample was drawn from the same upper extremity within 5 min of the arterial blood sampling. Venous pH, pCO2, and pO2 were measured in venous samples and compared with those in their arterial counterparts.
RESULTS
The venous pCO2 was, on average, higher by 5.8 mmHg (standard deviation = 4.6 mmHg) than the arterial pCO2 with Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement of −3.4, 15.1 mmHg.
CONCLUSIONS
Obtaining venous blood from an intact upper extremity in critically ill individuals can provide a reliable estimate of arterial pCO2 and eliminate the need for invasive arterial blood sampling.
Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of Obeticholic Acid-activated FXR in Valproic Acid-induced Hepatotoxicity via Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Chen Yanan , Zhou Jingkai , Xu Shansen , Wang Lei
Published: April 2024

This study aims to comprehensively investigate the underlying mechanisms of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation by obeticholic acid (OCA) in the treatment of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity. Network pharmacology was performed to identified the potential targets and pathways underlying the amelioration of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity by OCA. The identified pathways were validated through GEO data analysis, and the interactions between OCA and potential targets were predicted using molecular docking as well as molecular dynamics simulations. A total of 462 targets associated with VPA-induced hepatotoxicity and 288 targets of OCA were identified, with 81 overlapping targets between VPA-induced hepatotoxicity and OCA. KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analysis indicated that the effect of OCA on VPA-induced hepatotoxicity primarily involved lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation. The results of GEO data analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed a close association between bile secretion, PPAR signaling pathway, and the treatment of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity by OCA. Our findings revealed that OCA exhibits potential therapeutic efficacy against VPA-induced hepatotoxicity through multiple targets and pathways, thereby highlighting the therapeutic potential of FXR as a target for the treatment of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity.
Assessment of land suitable for surface irrigation and available surface water using Geographical Information System (GIS) and AHP, The Case of Beles Sub Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Abawa Alemnesh , Berihune Zigiybel Firiew , Teklemariam Alayu Bekele
Published: April 2024

Assessing the available water resources and identifying suitable land for irrigation at the basin level is crucial for effective planning and decision-making in irrigation development projects. Therefore, this study aims to utilize Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique to evaluate surface irrigation suitability and surface water availability in the Beles Basin. Surface water availability was analyzed by constructing a flow duration curve (FDC) and assessing the 90% available flow of the Beles River. Meanwhile, land surface suitability was determined through GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). This method integrates various factors including slope, proximity to rivers, soil characteristics (type, texture, depth, drainage), proximity to roads, and land use/land cover. These factors were weighted using pair-wise comparison matrices to determine their relative importance in assessing physical land suitability. The results revealed that approximately 13.84%, 73.05%, and 13.11% of the catchment area were highly, moderately, and marginally suitable for irrigation, respectively. Regarding water availability, the FDC analysis indicated that the Beles River maintains a 90% available flow of 1.6 m3/s throughout the year. Consequently, in December, the river can only irrigate 0.25% of the total irrigable land, whereas from May to September, it can irrigate the entire irrigable area. The river's low flow presents opportunities for extensive irrigation during the wet season but limits irrigation during the dry season. Therefore, the implementation of water storage structures is imperative to facilitate irrigation across the entire potential land during periods of low flow.
Hyperuricemia is strongly associated with pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease
Authors: Izhakian Shimon , Gorenshtein Alon , Engelstein Haya , Freidkin Lev , Rosengarten Dror , Kramer Mordechai R
Published: April 2024

Hyperuricemia has been identified as a powerful predictor of World Health Organization (WHO) group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) (pulmonary arterial hypertension). However, its relationship with PH secondary to chronic lung diseases (WHO group 3) remains unclear. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, lung function, and right heart catheterization data were retrospectively collected for 323 patients with various severe chronic pulmonary diseases undergoing evaluation for lung transplantation at a tertiary university medical center from June 2017 to February 2023. The data were analyzed to identify associations between hyperuricemia (serum uric acid level >6 mg/dL) and PH [mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) >20 mmHg]. Compared to the normouricemia group (n=211), patients with hyperuricemia (n=112) exhibited a higher likelihood of being younger (P=0.02), male (P<0.001), presenting with PH (P=0.001) and severe PH (MPAP >35 mmHg; P<0.001). They had elevated values of body mass index (P=0.004), plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (P<0.001), serum creatinine (P<0.001) and C-reactive protein (P=0.03). The following variables were significantly associated with PH: higher values of body mass index (P=0.005), uric acid (P<0.001), total lung capacity (P=0.02), residual volume (P=0.01), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (P<0.001); shorter 6-minute walk test distance (P=0.005); and lower forced expiratory volume in one second (P=0.006) and diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (P<0.001). On multivariate analysis, elevated uric acid level remained one of the variables most significantly associated with PH (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05-1.58, P=0.01). In conclusion, in patients with severe chronic lung diseases, hyperuricemia is strongly associated with the presence of PH.
The Effect of Motor Imagery Dosage on Motor Learning in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study.
Authors: Zakadan Pretty Samir , Kadry Ahmed Mahmoud , Zope Yashashree , Alharthi Mohammed Ahmed , Cope Steven M.
Published: April 2024

Background: Motor imagery (MI) involves visualizing a task rather than physically executing it, and its effectiveness may depend on duration. The optimal dose of MI for enhancing motor performance has not yet been determined.
Objectives: To compare the effects of different MI doses and physical practices on motor performance enhancement.
Methods: A pilot study was conducted with 27 healthy participants of both sexes aged 18-35 from Concordia University Wisconsin. The participants were divided into three groups: a control group with no MI, a low-dose MI group (6 minutes of MI practice per session), and a high-dose MI group (12 minutes of MI practice per session). Over three weeks, the participants completed nine sessions of a timed mirror tracing task, and their performance was measured by completion time and error count.
Results: The study involved 23 participants, with 8 in the control group, 9 in the low-dose group, and 6 in the high-dose group. Initial assessments revealed no significant differences in age or baseline performance among the groups. The control group experienced a notable decrease in task completion time in sessions three and six compared to the first session. The low-dose MI group demonstrated substantial improvement in all sessions, with noticeable differences observed between sessions two and three, as well as between sessions three and four. Conversely, the high-dose MI group did not show any significant improvement. There were no significant differences in performance between the groups across sessions.
Conclusion: Both MI and physical practice were found to enhance motor performance in novice tasks, with low-dose MI proving to be more effective than no MI. Interestingly, high-dose MI did not consistently lead to better performance. These findings highlight the importance of conducting additional research to determine the optimal MI dosage for different tasks and populations.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06299345. Retrospectively registered on March 2024.
Comparative study of brain functional imaging of brain in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease based on functional near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Zhen , Liu Li , You Tao , Wang Lingling , Yi Fang , Jiang Yu , Zhou Ying
Published: April 2024

Objective: Based on the near-infrared functional brain imaging system, this research studied the hemoglobin concentration signal in resting state and task state. The purpose of this research was to analyze the activated brain regions and functional connections by exploring the changes in hemoglobin concentration and the differences in brain network functional connections between healthy people and mild to moderate AD patients. So as to identify the cognitive dysfunction of patients at an early stage. By accurately locating the area of cognitive impairment in patients, it provides a basis for precise neural regulation of physical therapy.
Methods: Patients who came to our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were recruited and selected according to the exclusion criteria. After receiving their informed consent, MMSE scale examination and near-infrared brain function imaging examination were performed in a relatively quiet environment.
Result: Results from 24 subjects of experiment show that
1. In rest state, the function network connectivity of prefrontal decreased in AD patients.
2. The activation of dorsolateral prefrontal lobe and frontal pole decreased in AD patients in VFT task state.
3. The left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe may serve as a key site for early recognition of cognitive decline and non-invasive neuroregulation.
Comparative analysis of single versus tandem autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma in Korea: the KMM2102 study
Authors: Jung Jongheon , Jung Sung-Hoon , Lee Je-Jung , Do Young Rok , Kang Ka-Won , Lee Jung Lim , Yoon Sung-Soo , Min Chang-Ki , Kang Hye Jin , Lee Ji Hyun , Park Ju-Hyun , Kim Kihyun , Eom Hyeon-Seok
Published: April 2024

Tandem autologous stem cell transplantation can improve the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma. However, the precise role of tandem transplantation remains debatable. We evaluated the clinical benefits of tandem transplantation retrospectively. Of the 655 included patients, 117 underwent tandem transplantation; the remaining were assigned to the control group. After a single transplantation, the tandem group achieved a complete remission (CR) rate of 24.8%, which increased to 46.2% after a second transplantation. The tandem group had a significantly longer median PFS than the control group in patients with International Staging System (ISS) III and high-risk cytogenetics (23.1 vs. 14.7 months, p=0.007 for ISS III; 21.7 vs. 13.2 months, p=0.042 for high-risk cytogenetics). The tandem group exhibited significantly superior PFS to the control group (20.3 vs. 12.6 months, p=0.003) among patients who failed to achieve CR after a single transplantation. Tandem transplantation was associated with significantly improved PFS after adjusting for maintenance therapy in patients with ISS III, those with high-risk cytogenetics, and those who did not achieve CR after a single transplantation. Following propensity score matching, the tandem group exhibited significantly longer PFS than the control group (30.3 vs. 13.5 months, p=0.028). Tandem transplantation should be considered in high-risk patients.
Characterizing soluble immune checkpoint molecules and TGF-β 1,2,3 in pleural effusion of malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Okita Riki , Senoo Tomoya , Mimura-Kimura Yuka , Mimura Yusuke , Murakami Tomoyuki , Ikeda Eiji , Okada Masanori , Inokawa Hidetoshi , Aoe Keisuke
Published: April 2024

The clinical impact of soluble molecules in pleural effusion (PE) is unclear in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, we assessed soluble forms of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; three TGF-β isoforms were measured via multiplex assay in PE of patients with fibrinous pleuritis (FP) or MPM, to assess relationships between the six molecules, clinicopathological characteristics, and its efficacy as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Soluble forms of CTLA-4, PD-L1, PD-1, TGF-β1 TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 were variably produced in PE of FP (n=34) and MPM (n=79); we found significant relationships between the six molecules and clinicopathological features. Although none of the three soluble immune checkpoint molecules showed diagnostic or prognostic effects in patients with MPM, TGF-β2 levels in PE is a useful differential diagnostic marker between FP and MPM. Both TGF-1 and TGF-3 levels are promising prognostic markers for MPM. Moreover, we found that higher baseline levels of PD-1 soluble forms predicted the response to anti-PD1 monotherapy. Our findings identify novel diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for anti-PD1 therapy in patients with MPM.
Opto-structural Insights Into Zno-doped Ps Nanocomposites: Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and Defect Analysis
Authors: Aliyeva A. , Jafarov M. , Dadashova V. , Eyvazova G.
Published: April 2024

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were successfully incorporated into polystyrene (PS) using a combination of solution casting and hot-pressing, yielding a range of PS/ZnO nanocomposites. These nanocomposite films were characterized using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Visible), photoluminescence (PL), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. XRD analysis demonstrated a transition in crystallinity from 3.88 nm to 1.58 nm, further confirming the impact of ZnO concentration on structural properties. The optical absorption spectra were used to determine optical energy band gaps, where their values indicated an improvement in the optical characteristics of the nanocomposite films. PL spectra interpretation elucidated optically active defects and relaxation pathways, with wide emission bands in the violet and blue regions suggesting transitions from excitonic levels and/or zinc interstitials (Zni) to the conduction band, alongside contributions from defects like zinc interstitials (Zni) and natural zinc vacancies (Znv). These findings deepen our understanding of the intricate relationship between ZnO nanoparticle concentration and the optical and structural characteristics of PS/ZnO nanocomposite films, offering insights essential for diverse applications.
A comparative study of the application of AJCC 6th and 7th edition gastric cancer staging systems in remnant gastric cancer and the establishment of a prognosis prediction model
Authors: Chen Zehua , Li Zedong , Jin Tao , Liang Panping , Chen Zhengwen , He Fengjun , Yang Kun
Published: April 2024

Background
Remnant gastric cancer (RGC) is a serious complication after gastrectomy that affects the long-term survival rate. At present, there is no international staging system specifically designed for RGC, and clinicians often use the TNM gastric cancer staging system to stage patients with RGC. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the applicability of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 6 and version 7 in patients with RGC, and to try to establish a new prognostic prediction model to help clinicians more accurately and reliably assess the severity of patients' disease.
Method
This study reviewed 110 patients with RGC at West China Hospital from January 1998 to December 2018. The applicability of the two staging systems in patients with gastric stump cancer was analyzed by comparing the C-index applied to the two staging systems in patients with gastric stump cancer. Through univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis of survival data of patients with stump gastric cancer, independent risk factors affecting prognosis of patients with stump gastric cancer were identified. The independent risk factors were analyzed and a new staging system was established.
Results
Among the patients with no change in staging between the two versions, there were 67 cases, and the rate of staging deviation was 39%. The C-index for T staging of AJCC6 and 7 versions was 0.70 (P=0.12), the C-index for N staging of AJCC6 version was 0.635, and the C-index for N staging of AJCC7 version was 0.645 (P=0.23). The C-index for TNM staging of AJCC6 version was 0.76, and the C-index for TNM staging of AJCC7 version was 0.732 (P=0.09). A nomogram was created using the independent risk factors, and internal validation was performed using the bootstrap method, which showed good prognostic prediction.
Conclusion:
AJCC6 staging system demonstrated a trend of superiority in applicability compared to AJCC7 staging system. A new prognostic model was established for RGC patients.
Study on the spatial and temporal evolution of ecosystem service value based on land use change in Xi'an City
Authors: han lei , li yan , Ge Zhemin , Fang Fang , Gao Lan , Zhang Jin , Du Zhen , Cui Liping
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Ecosystem service value (ESV) is crucial for understanding regional ecological benefits and resources. This study, based on data from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, examines land use changes in Xi'an over the past two decades. We refined ESV coefficients using a method integrating the biomass factor of Shaanxi Province's farmland ecosystems.Our findings show stable proportions of cultivated and forest land in Xi'an from 2000 to 2020, despite an increase in construction land and a decrease in cultivated areas. Forest and unused lands remained stable, while grassland and water bodies fluctuated. ESV related to land use in Xi'an increased by 938.8 million yuan over this period, with high-value areas mainly in the forested regions south of the Qinling Mountains and along the Weihe, Bahe, and Chanhe Rivers. Low ESV zones were concentrated in the urban core.This research improves methodologies for quantifying urban ESV, providing crucial support for land resource management, ecological conservation, and high-quality urban development in China's major cities. These findings inform policy-making for sustainable urban growth.