bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
About positive psychology - between light and shadow
Authors: Jelonkiewicz Irena
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the history and development of positive psychology - a new psychological discipline emerged at the end of the 20th century. The sources and philosophical foundations of positive psychology associated with the existential approach and humanistic psychology are presented. The specificity of this new field based on a strict, scientific and empirical way of studying human behaviour was characterized.
The most important definitions of well-being were reviewed and possible changes in well-being under the influence of adverse life events were analysed. The application use of positive psychology is visible in the dynamically developing field of positive psychological interventions that improve people's functioning. Information illustrating the relationship between experienced emotions and the functioning of the nervous system was also presented.
The literature of the subject includes articles questioning the novelty and usefulness of the idea of positive psychology and critically assessing the achievements of the new discipline.
Currently, the second wave positive psychology (SWPP) is developing, which tries to balance the positive and negative aspects of people's lives. An illustration of this dialectical process is the metaphor of the mixing of light and darkness. Nowadays, positive psychology can be understood as a movement of scientific and intellectual change broadening the horizons of science.
Application of the ASTM D5470 standard
test method for thermal conductivity
measurements of high thermal conductive
materials
Authors: Buliński Z. , Pawlak S. , Krysiński T. , Adamczyk W. , Białecki R.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the procedure for
determining the thermal conductivity of a solid material with relatively high thermal
conductivity, using an original self-designed apparatus.
Design/methodology/approach: The thermal conductivity measurements have been
performed according to the ASTM D5470 standard. The thermal conductivity was calculated
from the recorded temperature values in steady-state heat transfer conditions and
determined heat flux.
Findings: It has been found from the obtained experimental results that the applied
standard test method, which was initially introduced for thermal conductivity measurements
of thermal interface materials (TIMs), is also suitable for materials with high thermal
conductivity, giving reliable results.
Research limitations/implications: The ASTM D5470 standard test method for
measurement of thermal conductivity usually gives poor results for high conductive materials
having thermal conductivity above 100 W/mK, due to problems with measuring heat flux and
temperature drop across the investigated sample with reasonably high accuracy.
Practical implications: The results obtained for the tested material show that the
presented standard test method can also be used for materials with high thermal
conductivity, which is of importance either for the industrial or laboratory applications.
Originality/value: The thermal conductivity measurements have been carried out using
an original self-designed apparatus, which was developed for testing broad range of
engineering materials with high accuracy.
The atregames as a form of developing children's creativity
Authors: Lewartowicz Urszula
Published: February 2020

The aim of the article is to show the potential of the atregamesin developing creativity and creative attitude of children in early school education. The study is of a methodological and research nature and was based on research carried out during theatre workshops organised as part of the project Za progiem – wyprawy odkrywców. 288 children aged 6‒10 took part in the workshops. The participant observation method was used for the research. The first part of the study presents the theoretical perspective of the proposed issues. The second part of the study is of methodological and research nature. It is a record of the course of the workshop along with a description of the most important observation results.
Knowledge of pedagogy students about burnout in the teaching profession
Authors: Rowicka Agnieszka
Published: February 2020

The constantly growing demand for research in the area of occupational burnout amongst teachers proves that this worrying phenomenon is becoming an international epidemic. Contemporary studies and analyses clearly indicate that it concerns various professional groups, especially teachers – in a very specific way. The author of this publication carried out a survey among pedagogy students in order to examine the state of knowledge on – first of all – the understanding of the ‘teacher’s occupational burnout’ concept, and second of all – the recognition of the causes of such burnout. 68 first and second-year pedagogy students took part in the survey, which, considering their future occupation, increases the value of the research.
This publication presents three issues. The first one contains selected concepts of occupational burnout in the human and work relation in light of the literature of world-renowned authorities. The second one is a presentation of students’ knowledge on the understanding of the concept of ‘occupational burnout in the teaching profession’. In this aspect, the vast majority of respondents consider this concept in the context of existential psychology, which treats burnout as a consequence of losing the sense of the profession, and is modelled on the paradigm of stress based on the rules of cognitive social psychology. The third issue presents the students’ knowledge on the causes of teachers’ occupational burnout, which have been classified into three areas – individual, interpersonal and organisational, in line with Christin Maslach and Micheal Leiter’s concept.
Based on analysis of the survey results, the state of the respondents' current knowledge on occupational burnout and the knowledge of the sources of this syndrome was summarized.
Students’ knowledge has the values of scientific knowledge, and the ways of understanding the problem and the variety of indicated sources prove students’ analytical skills and rational thinking.
Measurements and numerical simulations
of laser hardening and remelting thermal
cycles
Authors: Kik T. , Wyględacz B.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: of these researches was to investigate the influence of thermal cycles recording
conditions and comparing them with the calculated by FEM. This approach allows proposing
a new way of determining the technological conditions of the process, based on numerical
analyses.
Design/methodology/approach: Thermal cycles of high power diode laser hardening
and remelting was recorded and calculated by FEM. Results of metallographic examinations
were compared with numerical simulations results, as well as the thermographic pictures.
Acquisition errors during the thermal cycles were also defined.
Findings: Due to the fact that the it was used FEM, comparison of the numerical analyses
with real test results was performed for laser hardening and remelting process.
Research limitations/implications: For complete information it is needed to collect
bigger database of the results and prepare also hardness calculation model for WCL steel.
Practical implications: The result of the presented work is to signal a methodology that
allows obtaining information on the impact of the parameters of the laser hardening and
remelting process on the properties of the treated samples. Not without significance is the
fact that the use of FEM eliminates in this case a lot of errors that in real tests can distort
the result.
Originality/value: The researches were provided for high power diode laser hardening and
remelting. The influence of heat input on layers properties and theirs structure was defined.
Results were compared with thermographic pictures and calculated cases.
Staatliche Eingriffe in glaubensbedingt reduzierte Freiheiten
Authors: Marquard Maria
Published: February 2020

Der religiöse oder weltanschauliche Glaube kann den Einzelnen dazu veranlassen, von den Freiheiten, die jedermann zustehen, nur eingeschränkt Gebrauch zu machen. Kommt nun eine hoheitliche Handlung hinzu, die diesen Freiheitsbereich berührt, kann dies dazu führen, dass der Gläubige stärker beeinträchtigt ist, als der Nicht- oder Andersgläubige. Dieses Problem umschreibt die Figur der staatlichen Eingriffe in glaubensbedingt reduzierte Freiheiten.

Die Arbeit geht der Frage nach, wie das staatliche Handeln in der Sonderkonstellation zu beurteilen ist, in der der Grundrechtsträger seine Freiheit selbst dadurch vermindert, dass er sich religiösen Vorschriften unterwirft. Zugleich wird die Arbeit zum Anlass genommen, sich insbesondere mit der höchst umstrittenen Frage der Reichweite des sachlichen Schutzbereichs der Glaubensfreiheit aus Art. 4 Abs. 1 und 2 GG auseinanderzusetzen.
Strukturelle Gewalt überwinden
Authors: Mierzwa Roland
Published: February 2020

Eine Rückbesinnung auf die Wurzeln der Reich Gottes-Verkündigung führt uns nicht nur weg vom kirchlich organisierten Christentum und einem extrem „konfessionalistisch“ gedachten Christentum, sondern öffnet zugleich unseren Blick für „anonyme“ und „religionslose“ Christen sowie „erleuchtete Heiden“ (S. Franck). Diese sind in der Lage, zum Beispiel wenn sie sich in der Zivilgesellschaft engagieren und organisieren, strukturelle Gewalt zu überwinden und abzubauen. Mit dem Reich Gottes-Gedanken finden Menschen zu einer „dienenden Solidarität“ und zu einer „Kultur des Weniger“, wodurch ein Gegengewicht gegenüber der „imperialen Lebensweise“ aufgebaut wird. Der Anbruch des Reiches Gottes ist zu entdecken etwa in der Werkstattkirche, in der Sozialkirche, in der ev.-luth. Diakoniegemeinschaft zu Flensburg, aber auch in der Zivilgesellschaft, wo diese für ein gerechtes Recht eintritt.
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: February 2020

Welcome to the February 2020 issue of C&RL News. Leading off the issue, Abigail Goben and Robert J. Sandusky discuss the risks and opportunities of “Open data repositories” in this month’s Scholarly Communication column.
Health Behaviors Associated with Aggression in Korean Adolescents: Data from 2 Cross-sectional Studies
Authors: Kim Kitai , Yee Jeong , Kim Joo Hee , Chung Jee Eun , Lee Kyung Eun , Song Gonjin , Han Ji Min , Gwak Hye Sun
Published: February 2020

Objectives: In this study, we identified the health-related behaviors associated with aggression and examined the trends in both aggression and health-related behaviors among adolescents in the Republic of Korea. Methods: We used 2 cross-sectional samples of adolescents
collected from the same geographic region 10 years apart. We measured aggression using the Aggression Questionnaire. Subject characteristics of the questionnaire included age, sex, caffeine intake, alcohol consumption, smoking, regular exercise, use of medications, and unstable mood. Results:
Data pertaining to 1316 and 894 students were extracted from 2006 and 2016 surveys, respectively. Based on the multivariate results, sex and smoking were associated with physical aggression in both surveys, whereas sex and unstable mood were linked to verbal aggression. Alcohol consumption,
unstable mood, and use of pain medications were related to anger; indigestion and unstable mood were associated with hostility in both years. The total aggression score was significantly related to alcohol consumption and unstable mood in both years after adjusting for other confounders. Conclusions:
Health-related behaviors such as alcohol consumption and unstable mood showed meaningful relations with aggression. Accordingly, we should increase public awareness of factors associated with aggression, and government agencies and schools should implement comprehensive prevention efforts.
Castelló de n’Arrufat, Riutor i la séquia Faviana (Arqueologia toponímica)
Authors: Rosselló i Verger Vicenç M.
Published: February 2020

Els Francs i Marjals eren uns terrenys pantanosos entre Russafa (sud de la ciutat de València) i l’Albufera que a l’edat mitjana restaven fora del domini de l’Horta i hom va tractar de sanejar. Sobre el tema hi ha molta bibliografia recent i n’hem assajat d’aclarir el sistema de drenatge i la localització de les séquies principals. Fa temps que volíem resoldre l’enigma de Castelló de n’Arrufat, Riutor i la séquia d’en Fluvià i ara ho hem provat sobre una base física, la cartografia cadastral de 1929-1943 i la documentació arxivística. L’expansió urbana de la capital a les darreres dècades n’ha arrasat bona part de testimonis, però en queda la toponímia, cada cop més arqueològica.
Scientific evidence about Ozone Therapy in Pain Medicine [abstract]
Authors: Baeza Noci José , Pinto Bonilla Rosa
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE: To compare the level of recommendation of ozone therapy in pain medicine with the established techniques in a pain unit.

DESIGN: We used the SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) Guide 136 developed in 2013 to evaluate the recommendation level of the different techniques used in pain units. As some interventional techniques are not included in this study (radiofrequency, peripheral blocks, neurostimulation, morphine pump infuser), other studies were included from IASP (International Association for the Study of Pain) and Spanish Foundation on Rheumatology to complete our evaluation.

RESULTS: A very few techniques in pain units are have a grade A recommendation (very high). Most of them (drugs, physical therapy, psychologically based interventions, radiofrequency and peripheral blocks) have a grade B (high) or C (moderate) level of recommendation.
Ozone has a B level of recommendation for osteoarticular pain and for mixed pain (lumbosciatalgia) and a D (low recommendation) level for neuropathic pain and central pain.

DISCUSSION: The integration of ozone therapy inside orthodox medicine is difficult because many colleagues have prejudices against it due to ignorance. We must create evidence, compare to standard procedures and show the results in meetings and publications so all the scientific community gets aware of the real situation.
In this case, pain medicine, ozone has the highest number of publications and the highest level of evidence.

CONCLUSION: Ozone has enough level of recommendation so as to be included as a standard procedure inside pain units.
Grade D and C indications and others with a physiopathlogical concordance with, should be studied in randomized control trials to expand ozone indications in pain medicine.
Grade B indications should be better studied to reach an A level if ethically possible.
VJING. Estética y política de la imagen-ambiente
Authors: Otxoteko Mikel
Published: February 2020

La figura del VJ o visual jockey resulta clave para entender la aparición y los usos actuales de lo que llamaremos la imagen-ambiente, un tipo de imagen que se produce para una audiencia in situ, cuya reacción emocional repercute retroactivamente en la propia producción del flujo de imagen. Resulta importante hablar de una función asociada a este tipo de imagen: la de influir sobre un ambiente social para establecer una rítmica común. Por otro lado, esta rítmica coordinada influye en la percepción de cada persona respecto del grupo social que circunstancialmente forma la audiencia. A partir de argumentos como los del historiador William H. McNeill, el antropólogo Michael James Winkelman o el arquitecto y teórico Iñaki Ábalos, pero también extraídos de las observaciones de creadores del medio audiovisual como Jonas Mekas, veremos cómo una gran alianza de estímulos y condiciones del ambiente repercute sobre el estado de conciencia de los participantes, apareciendo esa idea del «nosotros» como vínculo de identidad. En definitiva, la investigación emplaza la práctica del Vjing como parte de la historia del arte y de los modos contemporáneos de sociabilidad, teniendo como principal evidencia las dimensiones estética y política de la imagen. Accederemos, de este modo, a una concepción de la imagen poniendo la atención sobre las alianzas que establece con los ritmos sonoros producidos por el DJ, además de con todo un sistema de estímulos ambientales y relacionales. Ello nos lleva, por otro lado, a extender el proyecto de Gilles Deleuze, añadiendo a los dos tipos de imagen propuestos por él, la «imagen-movimiento» y la «imagen-tiempo», una tipología diferente, con unas funciones y unos efectos, ambos, también, radicalmente distintos.
The implementation of the school feeding scheme (SFS) in South African Public primary schools
Authors: Munje Paul N. , Jita Loyiso C.
Published: February 2020

In this paper the authors use the collaboration framework to explore the implementation of the School Feeding Scheme (SFS) in two primary schools within South Africa. The authors use a qualitative approach to gather data through individual and focus group interviews with two principals
and eight teachers respectively. The feeding process was also observed. The authors found that despite recorded achievements, smooth implementation of the scheme was stifled by varied challenges. However, the current situation can be improved if principals initiate strategies that promote
collaboration, while caterers and teachers are trained on collaboration and professional ethics. Monitoring and evaluation is encouraged to identify and resolve impending challenges.
A Fyn biosensor reveals pulsatile, spatially localized kinase activity and signaling crosstalk in live mammalian cells
Authors: Mukherjee Ananya , Singh Randhir , Udayan Sreeram , Biswas Sayan , Reddy Pothula Purushotham , Manmadhan Saumya , George Geen , Kumar Shilpa , Das Ranabir , Rao Balaji M , Gulyani Akash
Published: February 2020

Cell behavior is controlled through spatio-temporally localized protein activity. Despite unique and often contradictory roles played by Src-family-kinases (SFKs) in regulating cell physiology, activity patterns of individual SFKs have remained elusive. Here, we report a biosensor for specifically visualizing active conformation of SFK-Fyn in live cells. We deployed combinatorial library screening to isolate a binding-protein (F29) targeting activated Fyn. Nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) analysis provides the structural basis of F29 specificity for Fyn over homologous SFKs. Using F29, we engineered a sensitive, minimally-perturbing fluorescence-resonance-energy-transfer (FRET) biosensor (FynSensor) that reveals cellular Fyn activity to be spatially localized, pulsatile and sensitive to adhesion/integrin signaling. Strikingly, growth factor stimulation further enhanced Fyn activity in pre-activated intracellular zones. However, inhibition of focal-adhesion-kinase activity not only attenuates Fyn activity, but abolishes growth-factor modulation. FynSensor imaging uncovers spatially organized, sensitized signaling clusters, direct crosstalk between integrin and growth-factor-signaling, and clarifies how compartmentalized Src-kinase activity may drive cell fate.
Pan-mammalian analysis of molecular constraints underlying extended lifespan
Authors: Kowalczyk Amanda , Partha Raghavendran , Clark Nathan L , Chikina Maria
Published: February 2020

Although lifespan in mammals varies over 100-fold, the precise evolutionary mechanisms underlying variation in longevity remain unknown. Species-specific genetic changes have been observed in long-lived species including the naked mole-rat, bats, and the bowhead whale, but these adaptations do not generalize to other mammals. We present a novel method to identify associations between rates of protein evolution and continuous phenotypes across the entire mammalian phylogeny. Unlike previous analyses that focused on individual species, we treat absolute and relative longevity as quantitative traits and demonstrate that these lifespan traits affect the evolutionary constraint on hundreds of genes. Specifically, we find that genes related to cell cycle, DNA repair, cell death, the IGF1 pathway, and immunity are under increased evolutionary constraint in large and long-lived mammals. For mammals exceptionally long-lived for their body size, we find increased constraint in inflammation, DNA repair, and NFKB-related pathways. Strikingly, these pathways have considerable overlap with those that have been previously reported to have potentially adaptive changes in single-species studies, and thus would be expected to show decreased constraint in our analysis. This unexpected finding of increased constraint in many longevity-associated pathways underscores the power of our quantitative approach to detect patterns that generalize across the mammalian phylogeny.
Single cell analysis reveals multiple requirements for zinc in the mammalian cell cycle
Authors: Lo Maria N , Damon Leah J , Wei Tay Jian , Jia Shang , Palmer Amy E
Published: February 2020

Zinc is widely recognized as essential for growth and proliferation, yet the mechanisms of how zinc deficiency arrests these processes remain enigmatic. Here we induce subtle zinc perturbations and track asynchronously cycling cells throughout division using fluorescent reporters, high throughput microscopy, and quantitative analysis. Zinc deficiency induces quiescence and resupply stimulates synchronized cell-cycle reentry. Monitoring cells before and after zinc deprivation we found the position of cells within the cell cycle determined whether they either went quiescent or entered another cell cycle but stalled in S-phase. Stalled cells exhibited prolonged S-phase, were defective in DNA synthesis and had increased DNA damage levels, suggesting a role for zinc in maintaining genome integrity. Finally, we demonstrate zinc deficiency-induced quiescence occurs independently of DNA-damage response pathways, and is distinct from mitogen removal and spontaneous quiescence. This suggests a novel pathway to quiescence and reveals essential micronutrients play a role in cell cycle regulation.
What is Open Science?
Authors: Høydalsvik Stein , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

What is Open Science and why do we need it? And can Open Access publishing deliver the same quality as traditional subscription-based journals do?

This episode's guest is Stein Høydalsvik, senior adviser for publishing and research support at the University Library at UIT – The Arctic University in Tromsø, Norway. And in this episode of the podcast, he’ll give us an introduction to the world of open science.

This episode was first published 26 September 2018.
What is Plan S?
Authors: Frantsvåg Jan Erik , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

In this episode of the podcast, we discuss Plan S. The initiative brings together eleven top national research funders, plus the European Research Council, in an effort to release some of the world’s highest quality and highest impact research from behind journal paywalls.

This episode was first published 26 September 2018.
Senior Scientists & Valuable Data
Authors: Figenschou Lars , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

Why is it important that Senior Scientists engage themselves in Open Science and particularly Open Data? Lars Figenschou, biologist and Academic Librarian at the University Library at UIT - The Arctic University in Norway, explains why. In addition, he gives us some good tips on how to create a program at the University that secures valuable data. The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.

This episode was first published 1 October 2018.
Tricks of the Trade - Getting your article
Authors: Van den Brekel Guus , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

In this episode, we discuss different ways to get a hold of articles in science. There is a wide range of possibilities, some of them are also illegal and should not be used. Today's guest is Guus van den Brekel, medical Information specialist at the Central Medical Library at the University of Groningen, in the Netherlands. The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.

Guus has also published his presentation. You can find it in the blog post How to get the pdf? : with ór without the help of your library.

This episode was first published 23 October 2018.
Bad Science
Authors: Logan Corina , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

In this episode of Open Science Talk, we are joined by the founder of the campaign #bulliedintobadscience, Corina Logan. Logan is a Senior Researcher at the Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. She explains what she means by "Bad Science", including important terms like P-hacking/data fishing and HARKing. She also talks about how Open Science could help in the fight against bad science.

The #BulliedIntoBadScience (BIBS) campaign consists of early career researchers leading individuals and institutions in adopting open practices to improve research rigor (from all fields, not only the sciences).

The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.

This episode was first published 3 December 2018.
Being an Open Access Publisher
Authors: Peters Paul , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

In this episode, we are talking about what it's like to be an open-access publisher and what the future might bring. Our guest is Paul Peters, chief executive at Hindawi publishing - one of the world’s largest publishers of peer-reviewed, fully Open Access journals.

Peters sheds some lights into how Hindawi made the transition to Open Access, and how the company has grown. He also talks about current policies within the EU and how this will affect his company. He also briefly touches upon the topic of how Open Access is perceived outside of Europe, and how there is a different motivation for being Open Access in Asia and in North America.

The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.
Replication Studies & Open Science
Authors: Pfuhl Gerit , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

In this episode, we talk about the reproducibility crisis and how one can use Open Science as an environment for creating proper replication studies. Our guest is Gerit Pfuhl, associate professor in psychology at UiT The Arctic University of Norway. She shares her experience with using the Open Science Framework (OSF) in her project "The Collaborative Replications and Education Project (CREP)".
You can read more about her project and their experience here. You can also follow the open CREP-project here.
The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.
This episode was first published 28 March 2019.
Preregistration in Science
Authors: Mittner Matthias , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

Why is it important to preregister research studies? How do you do it, and what kind of bad science do you avoid when you do this within an open science framework?All these questions are answered by our guest, associate professor Matthias Mittner at the research group for cognitive neurosciences at UiT the Arctic University of Norway. The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.

This episode was first published 9 May 2019.
Open Science & PhD Candidates
Authors: Låg Torstein , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

How can you inform Ph.D. Candidates and early career researchers about Open Science without becoming too political? Is information given about open science in conflict with the expectations for publishing from our universities? Torstein Låg, psychologist and senior academic librarian at the University Library at UiT The Arctic University of Norway, weighs in on this topic. Låg is also one of the editors of the web resource PhDonTrack.net. The aim for Ph.D. on Track is to enable beginning researchers and Ph.D. Candidates to easily access information on searching and reviewing scholarly literature, on academic writing, and on sharing and publishing reports and data.

The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.

This episode was first published 29 May 2019.
How to make Music Research Open?
Authors: Jensenius Alexander Refsum , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

In this episode, we talk about Music Research, and how it is to practice open research within this field. Our guest is Alexander Jensenius, Associate Professor at the Department of Musicology - Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion (IMV) at the University of Oslo. He is also behind MusicLAb, an event-based project where data is collected, during a musical performance, and analyzed on the fly. The aim of MusicLab is to explore new methods for conducting research, research communication, and education. Rather than keeping the entire research process closed, MusicLab wants to share the data with the public, and show how it can be analyzed.
The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.
This episode was first published 27 December 2019.
Publishing Open Access Monographs
Authors: Barnes Lucy , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

Our guest today is Lucy Barnes, Editor and Project Coordinator at Open Book Publishers. She talks about what it is to be a small not-for-profit open access book publisher. Together with other publishers, they have formed ScholarLed with the philosophy of ‘scaling small’; in other words, rather than seeking to grow their reach by any one of them becoming exponentially larger, they want to create systems that allow a large number of diverse, small-scale scholarly publishing initiatives to operate collaboratively.

The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.

This episode was first published 9 January 2020.
Finding a relationship between physicochemical characteristics and ionic composition of River Nworie, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Verla Evelyn Ngozi , Verla Andrew Wirnkor , Enyoh Christian Ebere
Published: February 2020

Water has been described as a universal solvent, and this is perhaps the strength behind its many uses. Despite this unique property, anthropogenic activities along its course and natural factors often determine the composition of water. In the current research, the portion of River Nworie having past Owerri town was sampled in the dry season 2017 to determine its ionic composition at predestinated points and to relate such properties to its physicochemical characteristics. Studies relating physicochemical properties and dissolved toxic ions in water could develop a body of knowledge that could enable detection and quantification of potential risk of ions such as heavy metals from natural water to aquatic ecosystem, animal and human health without actually involving aquatic organism, animal and human. Clean sterile plastic bottles were used for collecting surface water. A total of 30 sub-samples from five points at 300 m apart were sampled in the morning. Physicochemical properties were determined using standard methods and ionic composition of water was determined according methods of APHA. Results revealed that Ca2+ had a mean 23.60 ± 0.67 mg/l and was the highest while K+ with a mean 0.72 ± 0.30 was the least amongst major cations. Amongst the major anions Cl− had mean of 31.58 ± 4.47 mg/l while mean of PO43− was 1.42 ± 0.13 mg/l. The ionic balance calculate as % balance error showed high values for all sampling sites ranging from 30 to 39.42% indicating that there is massive input from anthropogenic activities. The computed relationships for selected heavy metals, cations and anions revealed that R2 values were ranging between  ± 0.012 to 1 indicating some form of relationship existing. The water pH weakly correlated with dissolved cations and anions while moderate with pH only, due to the pH level (5.2–6.2). The cations and anions were more influenced by the water temperature than the heavy metals. Therefore, high temperature ranges of 31–32.4 °C will favour more dissolution of cations and anions in natural water. Cations showed stronger relationship with EC while only heavy metals showed no relationship with DO (Dissolved oxygen). Dissolved oxygen relationship with cations and anions was in the order; K+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Na+ while anions was SO42− > NO3− > Cl− > PO43−, respectively. Information here could be used to predict the effects of using this water for various purposes including water for agricultural purposes, in the management of ion polluted waters, and also to inform on the mitigation process to be taken.
Impact of alcohol disorders continues to overshadow drug problems in Alaska
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: February 2020

If any state's example can be used to demonstrate how alcohol problems generally get shortchanged in the nation's policy discussions, Alaska offers a strong case. Newly released reports from the Alaska Mental Health Trust Authority show that of the more than $3.45 billion in estimated total costs attributed to substance misuse in the state in 2018, alcohol misuse accounted for nearly $2.4 billion, or around seven of every 10 dollars in health care costs, lost productivity and other adverse impacts.
NAATP response to National Treatment Plan
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2020

After the release of the National Treatment Plan by the ONDCP, Mark Dunn, director of public policy for the National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers (NAATP), released the below statement.
Sodium‐Mediated Epitaxial Growth of 2D Ultrathin Sb2Se3 Flakes for Broadband Photodetection
Authors: Zhao Mei , Su Jianwei , Zhao Yang , Luo Peng , Wang Fakun , Han Wei , Li Yuan , Zu Xiaotao , Qiao Liang , Zhai Tianyou
Published: February 2020

As an important member of group VA–VIA semiconductors, 2D Sb2Se3 has drawn widespread attention thanks to its outstanding optoelectronic properties as compared to the bulk material. However, due to the intrinsic chain‐like crystal structure, the controllable synthesis of ultrathin 2D planar Sb2Se3 nanostructures still remains a huge challenge. Herein, for the first time, the crystal structure limitation is overcome and the successful structural evolution of 2D ultrathin Sb2Se3 flakes (as thin as 1.3 nm), by introducing a sodium‐mediated chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth method, is realized. The formation of 2D planar geometry is mainly attributed to the preferential growth of (010) plane with the lowest formation energy. The thickness‐dependent band structure of 2D Sb2Se3 flakes shows a wide absorption band from UV to NIR region (300–1000 nm), suggesting its potential application in broadband photodetection. Strikingly, the Sb2Se3 flakes–based photodetector demonstrates excellent performance such as broadband response varying from UV to NIR region, high responsivity of 4320 mA W−1, fast response time (τrise ≈ 13.16 ms and τdecay ≈ 9.61 ms), and strong anisotropic ratio of 2.5@ 532 nm, implying promising potential application in optoelectronics.
Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2‐Naphthols by Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Arylation/Aromatization Cascade
Authors: Cai Jinhui , Wang Zhen‐Kai , Zhang Yun‐Hao , Yao Fei , Hu Xu‐Dong , Liu Wen‐Bo
Published: February 2020

A palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular α‐arylation and defluorinative aromatization strategy for the synthesis of polysubstituted 2‐naphthols is reported. With ortho‐bromobenzyl‐substituted α‐fluoroketones as the substrates and palladium acetate/triphenylphosphine as the catalyst, this method features good functional group tolerance, readily available catalyst and starting materials, and high yields. The applications of the strategy are demonstrated by the synthesis of useful building blocks, such as naphtha[2,3‐b]furan, naphthol AS‐D, and ligands/catalysts.

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Precision double cropping synergistically improves wheat and maize yields as well as resource efficiency
Authors: Cheng Yi , Dai Xinglong , Ren Hao , Wang Yuechao , Liu Peng , He Mingrong
Published: February 2020

Climate variability has resulted in mismatches between recommended and optimum seeding rates, sowing and harvest dates, fertilizer application, and irrigation levels in North China Plain double cropped systems. The objective of this study was to compare traditional local double‐crop practices (LP) with high‐yield double‐cropped treatments (HY) and precision double‐cropped managements (PM). The LP treatment follows local practices, whereas HY optimizes yield regardless of cost, and PM optimizes economic returns by adjusting the planting and harvest dates, and the seeding and fertilizing rates. The average production cost for LP, HY, and PM was 3775, 4824, and 4218 USD ha−1, respectively, and the average income was 5882, 6892, and 6622 USD ha−1. The annual yield for the PM was 3.9% lower, and the annual profit was 16.2% higher than those for HY. The annual yield for the PM was 11.8% higher, and the annual profit was 11.0% higher than those for the LP. Unlike LP, HY and PM transferred 1.19–2.52% of the redundant effective accumulated temperature and the cumulative solar radiation received during the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) season to the maize (Zea mays L.) season. This increased the production efficiency attributed to temperature and light energy by 12.86–17.48%. In addition, PM obtained the greatest N use efficiency among all treatments. These results show that PM is the appropriate approach to simultaneously increase yields, resource efficiency, and profit. The findings can be used to provide a scientific basis for double‐crop wheat and maize systems featuring high yield and high efficiency.
Neighborhood Violent Crime and Academic Performance: A Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Boxer Paul , Drawve Grant , Caplan Joel M.
Published: February 2020

Highlights

Research on children's exposure to violence in communities is limited by measurement approaches.

Geospatial analytic strategies offer a new way to capture experiences with community violence.

Violence around school buildings relates to average achievement of students in those buildings.
Distributed production: Scale‐up vs experience
Authors: Patience Gregory S. , Boffito Daria C.
Published: February 2020

Concepts such as process intensification, distributed manufacturing, and modularity are becoming mainstream as the chemical industry has to meet the demand for growth while concurrently facing sustainable development challenges. To meet economies of scales, modularity appeals to the concept of numbering up (scaling down and then scaling out). As numbering up becomes more common and a necessity, investors look at solid financial predictors to reduce the uncertainty around the fate of their assets. Traditional economic models that either scale up or scale down the investment for a plant size with a power law (exponent α) of a reference unit at a given capacity (Q) and its investment (I) are valid for the several identical plants and their components. When it comes to scaling down and then numbering up, the investment, or rather price of a modular plant the exponent relating price and capacity is β = 1/n − 1. We report a case study to scale down a 1000 barrel/day (bbl/day) micro‐refinery gas‐to‐liquid unit to convert wasted natural gas to Fischer‐Tropsch fuels. The investment for 100 units 100 times smaller approaches the cost of the same production capacity given by a single 1000 bbl/day unit costing $1 million.
Longitudinal Positron Emission Tomography of Dopamine Synthesis in Subjects with GBA1 Mutations
Authors: Lopez Grisel , Eisenberg Daniel P. , Gregory Michael D. , Ianni Angela M. , Grogans Shannon E. , Masdeu Joseph C. , Kim Jenny , Groden Catherine , Sidransky Ellen , Berman Karen F.
Published: February 2020

Mutations in GBA1, the gene mutated in Gaucher disease, are a common genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease, although the penetrance is low. We performed [18F]‐fluorodopa positron emission tomography studies of 57 homozygous and heterozygous GBA1 mutation carriers (15 with parkinsonism) and 98 controls looking for early indications of dopamine loss using voxelwise analyses to identify group differences in striatal [18F]‐fluorodopa uptake (Ki). Forty‐eight subjects were followed longitudinally. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal comparisons of Ki and Ki change found significant effects of Parkinson disease. However, at baseline and over time, striatal [18F]‐fluorodopa uptake in mutation carriers without parkinsonism did not significantly differ from controls. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:652–657
Historical DNA as a tool to genetically characterize the Mediterranean sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus, Lamniformes: Odontaspididae): A species probably disappeared from this basin
Authors: Fioravanti Tatiana , Bargnesi Filippo , Splendiani Andrea , Giovannotti Massimo , Renzi Francesca , Caputo Barucchi Vincenzo
Published: February 2020

The sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus) is a coastal species distributed in temperate and sub‐tropical waters, classified as ‘Vulnerable’ at global level and ‘Critically endangered’ in eastern Australia, south‐western Atlantic Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea. Six populations (north‐western Atlantic, Brazil, South Africa, Japan, eastern Australia, and western Australia) with low genetic diversity and limited gene flow were identified worldwide, but genetic information for many other geographic areas are still missing. Specifically, this species is listed in several reports as part of the Mediterranean fauna, even if there has been a lack of catches and sightings in recent years in this basin. To clarify the origin of C. taurus individuals caught in the past in the Mediterranean Sea, historical samples were genetically analysed.

Nine samples with certain Mediterranean origin were collected from different European museums. DNA was extracted and ~600 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region were amplified using eight overlapping species‐specific primer pairs. Sequences obtained were aligned with all the haplotypes globally known so far.

Genetic analysis revealed the misidentification of one museum specimen. Among the remaining Mediterranean historical samples, three different haplotypes were recovered. Two of them previously observed only in South Africa and one described in both South African and Brazilian populations.

Results suggest a genetic relationship between Mediterranean sand tiger sharks and those from the western Indian Ocean. According to previous studies, we hypothesized that, during the Pleistocene, the cold Benguela upwelling barrier was temporarily reduced allowing the passage of C. taurus individuals from the Indian to Atlantic Ocean. After the restoration of this phylogeographic barrier some individuals were trapped in the Atlantic Ocean and probably migrated northward colonizing the western African coasts and the Mediterranean Sea.
A study of [O III]/[O II] lines ratio in type 1 active galactic nucleus: Influence of radio jets and Eddington ratio to narrow line region emission
Authors: Andika Irham Taufik , Arifyanto Mochamad Ikbal , Kollatschny Wolfram
Published: February 2020

We analyze emission line properties and their correlations for 18,043 type 1 active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the range of 0.02 ≤ z ≤ 0.8, based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14 data. We complement the data with photometric measurements from ROSAT, GALEX, 2MASS, and FIRST. We find the following: (a) The average correlation between luminosity of [O III] and AGN luminosity is stronger than those for [O II] line. This is consistent with the stratified model of narrow line region (NLR). Furthermore, we also find a weak dependence of ionization degree with AGN luminosity. (b) The narrow lines luminosity and radio luminosity correlation is stronger for radio quiet AGN and weaker for radio loud (RL) AGN, most likely due to radio jets. A possible explanation is as the jets penetrate the NLR, the shock will ionize its gas, increase the narrow lines emission, and cause a bigger dispersion in the correlation for RL AGN. (c) The investigated narrow lines, [O II], [O III], Hβ, Hα, [N II], and [S II], show a significant trend of decreasing luminosity ratio relative to the broad Hβ luminosity where the slopes in the range of −0.26 to −0.50. We did not find any correlation of the trend slopes with ionization potential or critical density of the lines. We suggest that this correlation is due to decrease in covering factor of NLR as AGN luminosity increases. (d) The EV1 correlation is found in our data and represents change in Eddington ratio. By using L[O III]/L[O II] ratio, we found that the ionization degree decreases as Eddington ratio increases. We also confirm that objects with higher Eddington ratio tend to have narrower Hβ, stronger Fe II emission, and weaker [O III] strength. In contrast to that, objects with lower Eddington ratio tend to have broader Hβ, weaker Fe II emission, and higher [O III] strength.
Arena ohne Kampf?
Authors: Weinand Selina
Published: February 2020

In der Laborwelt wird zum Teil mit der Madeiraschabe Rhyparobia maderae gearbeitet. Diese wird dafür in großen Plastikboxen gehalten, die mit Eierkartons ausgestattet sind. Da herrscht ein ziemliches Gewusel. Tiere jeden Alters sind darin zu finden, manche klitzeklein, andere ausgewachsen. Vor diesem Gewusel stehend, stellt man sich die Frage: Zeigt Rhyparobia maderae eigentlich Brutverhalten?
Der Delfin: Mythischer Freund und Wellenreiter
Authors: Eitner Pascal
Published: February 2020

Die Meeressäuger mit der hohen Stirn lösen bei ihrem Anblick fast immer positive Emotionen beim Menschen aus. Delfine gelten als freundlich, intelligent und hilfsbereit. Sie helfen dem Menschen als Psychotherapeuten, Minensucher und dienen als Vorbild für die Bionik. Und doch bleiben sie für uns rätselhaft.
A sustainable governance model to prevent corporate corruption: Integrating anticorruption practices, corporate strategy and business processes
Authors: Cardoni Andrea , Kiseleva Evgeniia , Lombardi Rosa
Published: February 2020

Our paper investigates the integration of anticorruption practices, corporate strategy and business processes of contemporary organisations to provide a new and emerging sustainable governance model. Using the single case study approach to answer our research question, we provide novel evidence from the analysis of the Italian manufacturing company Acciai Speciali Terni Spa. Our case study interprets a consolidated entrepreneurial experience, constructing an integrated meta‐management framework of anticorruption practices. Enriching existing literature, we have adopted the frameworks by Asif et al., (2010) and Asif et al., (2011) to test results and obtain general perspectives and practical implications for organisations, regulators and governments, proposing a sustainable governance model to prevent corruption and bribery.
Proper training, supervision of equipment use plus evidence preservation can limit liability
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: February 2020

In contrast to years ago, when sports injuries infrequently led to lawsuits against an institution, today's sports world has become more litigious. This has led to an increase in the filing of claims and lawsuits over sports injuries sustained in practices and competitions. Because of this trend, college athletics departments need to gain a better understanding of the issues that tend to arise in these cases so they can reshape or refine how they prevent and manage sports injuries.
Consider impact of institution's tracking apps on privacy, best interests of students
Authors: Rooksby Jacob H.
Published: February 2020

We live in the era of big data. From industries as far‐reaching as the airlines, Hollywood, national retailers, and casinos, business decision‐makers have recognized the power and reach of data‐driven analytics about routine consumer behavior. These digital tools — enabled by apps, cookies, loyalty programs, and other tracking devices — have the ability not only to capture the range of human activity, but also to shape it.
Generate needed resources by building relationships
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: February 2020

Erin McDermott knows there's nothing unusual about a college athletics department struggling to make ends meet on a tight budget while waiting in line behind many other units with requests for much‐needed institutional resources.