bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does gastric adenocarcinoma develop after the treatment of gastric lymphoma?
Authors: Zorlu A. Faruk , Atahan I. Lale , Gedikoglu Gökhan , Ruacan Sevket , Sayek Iskender , Tekuzman Gülten
Published: February 2007

Two adult patients with the diagnosis of gastric lymphoma who developed adenocarcinoma of the stomach 8 years after the treatment are presented. Both patients were treated by subtotal gastrectomy followed by irradiation of 4,000–4,500 cGy to the epigastric region and six courses of chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone). In our review of the literature, 16 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma following the treatment of gastric lymphoma were found and listed with details. The factors influencing the development of this secondary carcinoma, mainly those treatment related are discussed. The possible role of both radiotherapy and chemotherapy in shortening the latent period for the development of stump carcinoma is emphasized. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sarcoidosis of the pancreas
Authors: Brady Mary S. , Garfein Carol F. , Klimstra David , Brenann Murray F.
Published: February 2007

We report a case of pancreatic sarcoidosis in a patient with radiographic and clinical findings suggestive of pancreatic cancer. Clinically apparent involvement of the pancreas is uncommon in patients with known sarcoidosis and is distinctly unusual as the initial presentation of disease. Sarcoid involvement of the pancreas can mimic adenocarcinoma and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pancreatic mass in a patient with symptoms suggestive of sarcoidosis. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proliferative activity of gastric cancer assessed by immunostaining for proliferating
Authors: Inada Takao , Imura Joji , Ichikawa Akira , Ogata Yoshiro , Shimamura Kayako
Published: February 2007

The growth activity of 107 gastric carcinomas was assessed by immunohis‐tochemical staining for formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue with a monoclonal antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). When the tumor doubling times (Tds) of 10 patients were estimated from the serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19–9, there was an inverse correlation between the Tds and PCNA labeling index (LI) at P = 0.055. Flow‐cytometric analysis was carried out by double staining for PCNA and DNA using fresh materials from 14 patients. The PCNA‐positive cell fraction revealed by flow cytometry showed a good linear correlation with PCNA LI in routinely stained tissue. The LI of well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that of the poorly differentiated type. When the LI was analyzed in well‐ or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, the value was significantly higher in the well‐differentiated type with hepatic metastasis and in the poorly differentiated type with lymph node metastasis. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical management of accessory parotid tumors
Authors: Rodino William , Shaha Ashok R.
Published: February 2007

Accessory parotid gland tumors are defined as masses within salivary gland tissue located adjacent to Stensen's duct, but separate from the main body of the parotid gland. These tumors usually present as asymptomatic cheek masses. There is a temptation to excise these masses locally; however, the likelihood of injury to branches of the facial nerve is high. The best surgical approach to tumors in the accessory parotid region is via a standard parotid incision and concomitant superficial parotidectomy. Eight patients have been surgically treated with accessory parotid gland masses. Six patients had mixed tumors, one had a low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and one had a localized parotitis. Our approach included a standard parotid incision, raising an anterior flap beyond the mass, and exposing the main trunk of the facial nerve, with careful tracing of all its branches. This approach to accessory parotid gland tumors is superior in that it provides a better margin of resection and minimizes functional and cosmetic deformities. Most importantly, there is less danger of injury to branches of the facial nerve. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary gastinc lymphoma
Authors: Secco Giovanni B. , Fardelli Roberto , Campora Elisabetta , Munizzi Francesco , Aste Hugo , Nicolò Guido
Published: February 2007

The records of 30 patients with primary gastric lymphoma and a minimum of 5 years of follow‐up were reviewed and clinical and pathologic prognostic factors analyzed. The overall 5‐year survival was 40% (median 23 months). No significant relationship between surgical and patient age, sex, duration of symptoms, macroscopic appearance, or size of the primary lesion or degree of serosal infiltration was demonstrated. Stage of disease and site of primary had an impact on prognosis. Survival was improved in patients with stage I–II disease (P< 0.05) and in patients with primary located in the distal third of the stomach (P< 0.05). Although histology in all three classifications did not correlate well with survival, patients with low‐grade lymphoma according to Kiel showed improved outcome (P< 0.05). Five–year survival of 11 patients with positive lymph nodes, 6 of whom were treated with cytotoxic therapy, was 54% and comparable to that of 7 patients (56%) with no nodal involvement who did not receive chemotherapy after surgery. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intratumor heterogeneity of DNA ploidy and correlations with clinical stage and histologic grade in prostate cancer
Authors: Kucuk Omer , Demirer Taner , Gilman‐Sachs Alice , Taw Irene , Mangold Michael , Singh Satinder , Westerman Maxwell P.
Published: February 2007

Paraffin blocks from 60 patients with prostate cancer were used to study the DNA ploidy patterns by flow cytometry. Nineteen patients had stage A disease, 11 had stage B, 9 had stage C, 20 had stage D, and 1 was of unknown stage. Histologically, 32 of the cancers were well differentiated, 21 were moderately differentiated, and 7 were poorly differentiated. Eighteen patients had an aneuploid or tetraploid (A/T) pattern and 42 had a diploid pattern. Seventy‐one percent (5/7) of patients with poorly differentiated, 48% (10/21) with moderately differentiated, and 9% (3/32) with well‐differentiated histology had A/T patterns (P< 0.01). Forty‐five percent (9/20) of patients with stage D, 44% (4/9) with stage C, 27% (3/11) with stage B, and 5% (1/19) with stage A had A/T patterns (P < 0.05). Nine patients with an A/T pattern also had DNA ploidy studies done on the “benign” part of the specimen. These specimens showed diploid patterns although three of these patients had well‐differentiated tumor in the “benign” designated part of the specimen. One patient with mixed histology had an aneuploid pattern on the poorly differentiated section and a diploid pattern on the well‐differentiated section of the “malignant” designated part of the same specimen. We conclude that prostate cancer patients with non‐diploid tumors have more advanced disease and less differentiated tumors than patients with diploid tumors and that considerable histological and ploidy heterogeneity may be present in different parts of the same paraffin‐embedded specimen. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of invasive thymoma with pleural dissemination
Authors: Ichinose Yukito , Ohta Mitsuo , Yano Tokujiro , Yokoyama Hideki , Asoh Hiroshi , Hata Kazuo
Published: February 2007

The outcome of eight patients with invasive thymoma accompanying pleural dissemination was investigated. Only two patients had mediastinal tumor resection and pleural disseminated tumor excision. Seven patients underwent radiotherapy to the mediastinum and/or disseminated tumors. A clinical response to radiotherapy was achieved in the six patients with evaluable lesions (complete response in five patients and partial response in one). The estimated 5‐year survival rate was 87.5%. Four patients were alive more than 10 years. So far, the mediastinal tumors of seven patients have been controlled for periods ranging from 42 to 154 months. Recurrence in six patients appeared as pleural tumors. Four out of the six patients had five courses of radiotherapy to the recurrent pleural tumors, four of which achieved complete response. No distant metastases were observed at any time. These observations suggest that radiotherapy should be the primary mode of treatment in cases of invasive thymoma with pleural dissemination. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Salivary duct carcinoma
Authors: Kumar Rekha V. , Kini Lata , Bhargava Asha K. , Mukherjee Geetashree , Hazarika Digantha , Shenoy Ashok M. , Anantha N.
Published: February 2007

Salivary duct carcinoma is an uncommon malignant tumor that occurs mainly in the parotid gland of elderly men. The 11 cases of salivary duct carcinoma which are included in this study occurred in older men (mean age 56 years) and were located in the parotid (7), submandibular salivary gland (2), and the minor salivary glands in the maxilla (2). The maximum tumor dimension ranged from 3 to 9 cm. Microscopically, all had infiltrating margins, with circumscribed groups of epithelial cells arranged in various patterns; the invasive component was embedded in a desmoplastic stroma. Perineural invasion and lymph node metastasis were noted in seven and three cases, respectively, at the time of initial surgery. Radical surgery was offered to ten patients and postoperative radiotherapy to nine patients. Salivary duct carcinoma appears to be an aggressive tumor with distinctive histological features, which has not been described in the minor salivary glands of the maxilla to date. The clinicopathologic features of these tumors are presented, with a review of the literature. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C‐myc oncogene expression: A marker for females at risk of breast carcinoma
Authors: Hehir Dermot J. , McGreal Gerald , Kirwan William O. , Kealy William , Brady Michael P.
Published: February 2007

In an attempt to identify patients at risk of breast cancer, 9E 10 c‐myc monoclonal antibody was used to detect the oncogene products in 64 breast tissue biopsies. There were 44 specimens of benign breast disorders: 21 from patients who developed subsequent breast cancer, and 23 from patients who did not. The remainder were malignant tumor biopsies from those who developed breast cancer. C‐myc over‐expression was identified in 12 (60%) of the breast carcinomas; it was also noted in 13 (62%) of the benign biopsies from patients who developed subsequent breast carcinoma. Expression was observed in only 3 (13%) controls—patients who did not develop cancer. A prospective study is now warranted to determine the clinical usefulness of our findings. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lumbosacral chordoma resection: Image integration and surgical planning
Authors: Stephens G. Christopher , Schwartz Herbert S.
Published: February 2007

Clinical, radiographic, and functional outcome parameters were analyzed before and after treatment of eight individuals with lumbosacral chordomas studied over a 3‐year period. Emphasis was placed upon correlation of multiplane images and the pathoanatomy of the gross specimen. Surgical resections achieving wide margins can be curative. Magnetic resonance imaging of lumbosacral chordomas has revolutionized the preoperative anatomic localization of these tumors. Therefore, it is critical that the operating surgeon scrutinize the three‐dimensional location of the tumor and its spatial relationship to surrounding structures prior to surgical eradication. A systematic approach for the radiographic analysis of tumor extent in lumbosacral chordomas is presented. Four strategic areas of preoperative analysis are identified for sacral chordomas and two for lumbar neoplasms. Functional outcome after resection is predicted by Stener's work. Contamination‐free surgery is facilitated by accurate preoperative radiographic interpretation of the pathoanatomy by the surgeon. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor progression accompanied by increase in proliferation rate in breast cancer: A preliminary report
Authors: Sasa Mitsunori , Komaki Kansei , Tsuzuki Hideo , Kamamura Yoshitaka , Mori Toshiaki , Miki Hitoshi , Uyama Tadashi , Morimoto Tadaoki , Monden Yasumasa
Published: February 2007

Forty consecutive cases with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (samples of both the primary invasive area and the involved node were available for 19 cases, multiple sections of breast tissue including both the primary invasive area and forefront intraductal cancerous area were available for 15 cases; and multiple sections of breast cancerous tissue and the involved node were available for six cases) were examined by immunohistochemical analysis for evaluation of their proliferation rate. In this study, we selected the PCNA index as a marker of the proliferation rate of the tumor cells. We demonstrated that the PCNA index of the primary invasive area was significantly higher than that of the forefront intraductal area (P – 0.0017), and the PCNA index of the involved nodes was significantly higher than that of the primary invasive area (P = 0.0004). These preliminary findings suggest that the progression from the tumor cells of the intraductal cancerous area to the metastatic tumor cells must be accompanied by two phases of increase in the proliferation rate. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gastric cancer in young adults: Growth accelerating effect of pregnancy and delivery
Authors: Furukawa Hiroshi , Iwanaga Takeshi , Hiratsuka Masahiro , Imaoka Shingi , Ishikawa Osamu , Kabuto Toshiyuki , Sasaki Yo , Kameyama Masao , Ohigashi Hiroaki , Nakamori Shoji
Published: February 2007

The relationship between pregnancy and/or delivery (p&d) and the stage of gastric cancer was studied in 64 female and 57 male patients aged 34 or younger with gastric cancer. Gastric cancer diagnosed within 2 years after p&d (group A, 20 patients) was more progressive (unresectable in 20%) than those of the other young female patients with children (group B, 24 patients; 5%) or without children (group C, 20; 0%), or young male patients (group D, 57; 3%) (P < 0.05). The 5‐year survival rate in group A (60.0%) was lower than in group B (83.3%) and group C (85.0%) (P < 0.05 between groups A and B). There were no differences in the duration from the onset of subjective symptoms to diagnosis in the four groups. Out of eight patients who were pregnant after gastrectomy for stomach cancer, one died from recurrence immediately after abortion. These results suggest that pregnancy and/or delivery in young females accelerates the growth of stomach cancer. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growing teratoma syndrome
Authors: Tongaonkar Hemant B. , Deshmane Vinay H. , Dalal Amish V. , Kulkarni Jagdeesh N. , Kamat Murali R.
Published: February 2007

Growing teratoma syndrome is the term applied to enlarging retroperitoneal or other metastatic masses containing mature teratoma during chemotherapy for nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Four cases of the growing teratoma syndrome are presented, the metastatic masses being in the retroperitoneum in all the cases. All these patients had enlarging retroperitoneal masses in the presence of normal serum biomarkers following chemotherapy for nonseminomatous tumors. Surgical excision was carried out in all four patients, with disease free survivals ranging from 6 to 24 months after surgery. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequent K‐ras mutations and absence of p53 mutations in mucin‐producing tumors of the pancreas
Authors: Hoshi Tomokazu , Imai Masato , Ogawa Katsuhiro
Published: February 2007

Mucin‐producing tumors of the pancreas (MPT) are characterized by the prodcution of much mucin and a benign course after surgical treatment. We examined 16 cases of MPT and 20 cases of “common” pancreatic duct cell carcinomas (DCC) in regard to K‐ras and p53 mutations. The mutations were detected by constant denaturant gel electrophoresis in combination with other techniques using PCR products amplified from the samples microdissected from the tissue sections. K‐ras codon 12 mutations were identified in all MPT and in 95% of DCC. On the other hand, p53 mutations were found in four of 20 (20%) DCC, and p53 was immunocy‐tochemically overexpressed in 3 of the 4 mutated cases. However, no p53 mutations and no p53 overexpression were identified in the 16 MPT. These results indicate that, although the K‐ras codon 12 mutations may be almost essential for the development of both MPT and DCC, p53 mutations seemed to be involved mainly to the latters. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiac metastasis of liposarcoma
Authors: Papa Moshe Z. , Shinfeld Amy , Klein Ehud , Greif Franklin , Ben‐Ari Gur
Published: February 2007

The authors describe a retroperitoneal liposarcoma with secondary involvement of the left ventricle. Therapy has been disappointing, and is guided by the nature of the primary tumor, previous therapy, extent of metastatic spread, and feasibility of cardiac resection. In selected patients whose primary tumor is well‐controlled and progressing slowly, with no evidence of widespread disease, resection of the cardiac metastases can be performed when technically feasible.
Chemotherapy as predictor of compliance
Authors: Jacobs John R. , Casiano Roy R. , Schuller David E. , Pajak Thomas F. , Laramore George E. , Al‐Sarraf Muhyi
Published: February 2007

Patient compliance with the increasingly complex adjuvant therapy protocols has always been of concern, particularly in the head and neck cancer population. The Head and Neck Intergroup recently concluded a phase III prospective randomized trial testing the addition of three courses of cisplatinum containing combination chemotherapy to standard treatment defined as surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for advanced stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma. The chemotherapy was administered following the surgery prior to the postoperative radiotherapy. Variation from protocol is ranked retrospectively as minor acceptable, major acceptable, and major unacceptable. The incidence of major unacceptable variation from the protocol for radiotherapy immediately following the surgery was 15% vs. 19% in the population that completed all three courses of the chemotherapy (P < 0.10). However, for those patients that completed less than the three courses of chemotherapy, the incidence of major unacceptable variation in radiotherapy was 33% (P < 0.001). This observation was controlled for site, stage, performance status, age, sex, surgical margins and experience of participating institution. We conclude that compliance with a multicourse adjuvant chemotherapy regimen is predictive of subsequent compliance to radiotherapy in the head and neck cancer population. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective depression of T‐lymphocyte subsets in gastric cancer patients: An implication of immunotherapy
Authors: Lee Wei‐Jei , Chang King‐Jen , Lee Chue‐Shue , Chen Kai‐Mo
Published: February 2007

The lymphocytes and their subsets were determined in the peripheral blood of 62 gastric cancer patients and 68 controls using fluorescent conjugated monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry (FACScan method). A significant increase in the total number of white blood cells from gastric cancer patients was noted in comparison to controls, but the percentage of lymphocytes was the same. The percentage of suppressor (cytotoxic) T cells (CD8) showed no difference in all stages of gastric cancer patients evaluated, but the percentage of helper (inducer) T cells (CD4) and the CD4/ CD8 ratio decreased significantly in the advanced stages III and IV. Depression of the CD4/CD8 ratio was well correlated with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and tumor size but not with sex, age, tumor location, gross type, or histologic differentiation. It appeared that the immune defect of gastric cancer patients was associated with the afferent arm (CD4) and worsened as the disease advanced. These results suggest that immunotherapy to stimulate the deficient immune system may play an important part in the multimodality treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alteration of tumorigenicity in undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells by introduction of normal chromosome 11
Authors: Yoshida Akira , Asaga Tarou , Masuzawa Chihiro , Kawahara Satoru
Published: February 2007

The tumorigenicity of various cell lines has been shown to be suppressed by the introduction of chromosome 11 and other chromosomes via micro‐cell‐mediated chromosome transfer. In this study, we investigated whether a human undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cell line, TTA‐1, was suppressed by the introduction of normal human chromosome 11 or 10. Chromosome 10 or 11 was transferred from A9 cells containing a single human chromosome 10 or 11 tagged with pSV2‐neo plasmid DNA into TTA‐1 cells, by microcell fusion. The tumorigenicity of the TTA‐1 cells and their colony‐forming efficiency in soft agar were suppressed by chromosome 11, but not by chromosome 10. These results suggest that normal human chromosome 11 carries a putative tumor suppressor gene that affects the tumor‐associated phenotypes of TTA‐1 cells. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testicular cytotoxicity of intravenous methotrexate in rats
Authors: Johnson Frank E. , Farr Susan A. , Mawad Maurice , Woo Young C. Sun
Published: February 2007

Although the testicular cytotoxicity of methotrexate has been evaluated in the rat, previous models have utilized routes other than the intravenous one, and have generally employed multiple‐dose regimens. In this report, we describe testicular toxicity in the Sprague‐Dawley rat following a single intravenous bolus of methotrexate (0‐700 mg/kg body weight [BW]), with necropsy 56 days later. Testicular toxicity was evaluated qualitatively by histology and quantitatively by testicular weight, sperm head count, modified Johnsen score, repopulation index, and epididymal index. Effects of methotrexate on heart, lung, liver, and kidney histology were evaluated qualitatively. Oligospermia occurred at low and intermediate dosages of methotrexate, but testicular atrophy was not observed. LD50 at day five for methotrexate appears to be approximately 300 mg/kg BW using this regimen. This model will facilitate the study of techniques to avoid drug‐induced testicular damage. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal cell carcinoma producing α‐fetoprotein (AFP) with a unique lectins‐affinity profile
Authors: Minamoto Toshinari , Kitagawa Masanobu , Amano Naoko , Tsukada Yutaka , Hirose Tatsuo , Mai Masayoshi
Published: February 2007

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) producing α‐fetoprotein (AFP) is a rare entity and merely 7 cases have been reported so far. The present case, a 71‐year‐old woman, showed a high serum AFP level of 204 ng/ml. The RCC of the autopsied right kidney consisted mainly of spindle‐shaped or bizarre sarco‐matous tumor cells. AFP was immunolocalized only in the concomitant clear cell component. Concanavalin A (Con A)‐nonadsorption rate of serum AFP was 42%, which was an intermediate value between those of yolk sac tumors and metastatic liver carcinomas. Lens culinalis agglutinin (LCA)‐affinity study of the patient's AFP showed an unknown peak X, which was eluted between the known peaks 2 and 3. These results suggest a certain structural alteration in carbohydrate moieties of the AFP derived from this RCC. A review of the clincopathologic features of 8 patients with AFP‐producing RCC was made to understand the pathophysiology of AFP‐producing neoplasms. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eccrine porocarcinoma
Authors: Goedde Timothy A. , Bumpers Harvey , Fiscella Julietta , Rao Uma , Karakousis Constantine P.
Published: February 2007

Eccrine porocarcinoma, a malignancy of the eccrine sweat glands, is extremely rare. Our report and a review of the literature (70 cases) emphasize the features of this tumor. Age at time of treatment ranged from 19 to 94 years (mean 67 years). Duration of the lesion ranged from two months to 50 years; 31 (44%) had the lesion present ≥5 years. Forty‐four patients (62%) had tumors located on the extremities, 13 (19%) on the head and neck region and 12 (17%) on the trunk. All patients whose race is known were white.

Primary treatment should consist of wide local excision and regional lymphadenectomy, if clinically indicated. Although there is a significant risk of cutaneous, regional lymph node, or visceral metastases, the value of elective or therapeutic regional lymphadenectomy is unknown, as is the role of adjunctive therapy. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical detection of CEA, CA19‐9, and DF3 in esophageal carcinoma limited to the submucosal layer
Authors: Ikeda Yoichi , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Ikebe Masahiko , Baba Kinya , Toh Yasushi , Adachi Yosuke , Sugimachi Keizo
Published: February 2007

The immunohistochemical expression of CEA, CA19‐9, and DF3 was studied in 20 normal epithelia, 11 cases of dysplasia, 32 squamous cell carcinomas restricted within the submucosal layer (SM carcinoma), and 42 advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus. The modes of expression were grouped into three patterns, i. e., negative, focal, and diffuse patterns. No diffuse expression of CEA, CA19‐9, or DF3 was found in the normal squamous epithelium and dysplasia. In the carcinomas (32 SM carcinomas and 42 advanced carcinomas) the diffuse expression of CEA and CA19‐9 was found in four lesions, and only one of the four lesions was an SM carcinoma, while the diffuse expression of DF3 was found in 16 of the 32 SM carcinomas and 25 of the 42 advanced carcinomas. These results indicated that the diffuse expression of these tumorassociated antigens were characteristic of tumor tissue in the esophagus, and particularly DF3 was diffusely expressed earlier than CEA or CA19‐9. The expression of DF3 in the esophagus may, therefore, be a marker of the early stage of tumor growth. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histogenesis of small colonic adenocarcinomas
Authors: Rubio Carlos , Shetye Jayant , Jaramillo Edgar
Published: February 2007

It has been claimed that in order to identify the type of mucosal lesion which precedes colonic adenocarcinoma only those tumours measuring ⩽1 mm in diameter should be considered. The review of the English literature indicates that only 35 colorectal adenocarcinomas measuring ⩽1 cm in diameter have been so far reported. From the three cases of colonic adenocarcinoma measuring 8 mm or less in diameter presented here, one adenocarcinoma originated in a flat adenoma, the second in an exophytic tubular adenoma, and the third showed no adenomatous component. It would thus appear that colonic adenocarcinomas can originate not only from exophytic adenomas or from flat adenomas but also from apparently nonadenomatous flat mucosa. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Silver stained nucleolar organizer region proteins and Helix pomatia agglutinin immunostaining in esophageal carcinoma: Correlated prognostic factors
Authors: Yoshida Yasunori , Okamura Takeshi , Yano Kouichi , Ezaki Takahiro
Published: February 2007

The number of nucleolar organizer region proteins identified by silver staining (AgNORs) and alterations in cell surface glycoproteins identified by Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) immunostaining were studied in 96 primary esophageal carcinomas. The number of AgNORs increased with increasing depth of cancer invasion, venous involvement, lymphatic invasion, and tumor stage. Positivity of HPA staining correlated significantly with increasing depth of cancer invasion, venous invasion, and tumor stage. Forty of 42 HPA negative cases had low AgNORs numbers (<4), while 39 of 54 HPA positive cases had high AgNORs numbers (⩾4) (P = 0.0001). The survival rate of patients with stage III and IV disease was significantly poorer for those with a high AgNORs score and HPA positivity than in those with a low AgNORs score and HPA negativity. The present study indicates that the AgNORs score is positively correlated with positive HPA staining and that tumors having both factors represent a subgroup of esophageal carcinomas with poor prognosis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P53 immunoreactivity in carcinosarcoma of the esophagus
Authors: Casson Alan G. , Kerkvliet Nancy , O'Malley Frances , Inculet Richard , Troster Michael
Published: February 2007

The case of a primary esophageal carcinosarcoma, shown to express p53 protein, is presented. The patient, a 57‐year‐old male, presented, with fever, weight loss, and clubbing, but without swallowing difficulties. A large intraesophageal tumor was found on radiologic imaging, and sarcoma was diagnosed on esophagoscopic biopsy. Despite total esophagectomy and adjuvant chemo‐radiotherapy, pleural metastases developed 3 months postoperatively. Histologically, the tumor was composed of epithelial and sarcomatous elements. Using monoclonal and polyclonal anti‐p53 antibodies, p53 protein was distributed heterogenously throughout the sarcomatous elements of the primary tumor. Immunoreactivity was also found in regional lymph node metastases. These observations further implicate the p53 tumor suppressor gene in the pathogenesis of human esophageal cancers. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary thymic carcinoma: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Shimizu Junzo , Hayashi Yoshinobu , Morita Katsuya , Arano Yoshihiko , Yoshida Masayuki , Oda Makoto , Murakami Shinya , Watanabe Yoh , Nonomura Akitaka
Published: February 2007

During the treatment of five cases of thymic carcinoma, we conducted a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study. The patients included four males and one female, whose ages ranged from 50 to 69 years. The histologic breakdown was squamous cell carcinoma in four and small cell carcinoma in one. Immunohistochemically, the squamous cell carcinomas were positive for cytokeratin (intermediate molecular weight) and keratin. However, staining was negative for Leu‐7 and chromogranin. A complete resection was achieved in only one case. In all four of the remaining cases, the resection was incomplete due to invasion into adjacent organs and disseminated lesions. Thymic carcinoma is a tumor for which a higher response rate can be expected from multidisciplinary therapy than that for lung cancer. Therefore, it is desirable, from the clinical view, to determine clinical staging and to establish standard operative procedures comprising mediastinal lymph node dissection as well as effective chemotherapy. With respect to pathology, it is hoped that an improved histologic classification will be developed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of α1β1 and reduced expression of other β1 integrins and cam in lung adenocarcinoma compared with pneumocytes
Authors: Roussel Eugène , Gingras Marie‐Claude , Ro Jae Y. , Branch Cynthia , Roth Jack A.
Published: February 2007

Alterations in expression of various cell‐adhesion molecules have been reported in a variety of malignant tissues. However, little is known about how lung adenocarcinomas differ in CAM expression from the normal lung. We analyzed the expression of integrins α1β1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), and lymphocyte function antigen (LFA)‐3, CD44, and the two carbohydrate antigens, Lewisx (Lex) and sialosyl‐Le‐Lex of lung adenocarcinoma cells, and compared them with autologous pneumocytes. CAM expression was studied by an immunohistochemical method using monoclonal antibodies, and computerized image analysis was used to quantify the immunoperoxidase‐staining intensity. The normal lung alveolar cells strongly expressed the integrins α1β1 and α3β1, and fairly expressed α2β1, α4β1, α5β1, and α6β1. ICAM‐1, LFA‐3, and CD44 were strongly expressed, whereas NCAM, the Lex and sialosyl‐Le‐Lex antigens, were expressed weakly. In contrast, we did not detect expression of the α1β1 integrin on any autologous lung adenocarcinoma cells, and they showed on average a 50% reduction in labeling relative intensity units for the integrin common chain marker β1, the specific integrins α3β1, α5β1, and α6β1, and ICAM‐1, and LFA‐3. Examination of the adjacent small blood vessel endothelium in malignant lung tissues did not reveal any major alterations in CAM expression, the small vessel endothelium of the normal and malignant lung tissues appeared with a similar CAM profile. These results suggest that lung adenocarcinoma cells have a lack α1β1 expression and significant reduction in some other integrin β1 and CAM expression in comparison with their autologous pneumocytes. This aberration in CAM expression by the lung adenocarcinoma cells may be involved in their loss of proliferation control and may interfere with leukocyte adhesion to tumor cells, enabling the tumor to escape immunodestruction. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of locally recurrent soft tissue sarcomas of the retroperitoneum: Report of 30 cases
Authors: Wang Ya‐Nong , Zhu Wei‐Qi , Shen Zhen‐Zhou , Li Shu , Liu Shou‐Ye
Published: February 2007

To assess the results in treating locally recurrent soft tissue sarcomas of the retroperitoneum, we reviewed the clinical, therapeutic, and pathologic characteristics of 30 patients who underwent surgical exploration. Complete resection was achieved in 18 patients (60%), 6 with en bloc resection of adjacent organs involved by the tumors. Following the first operation for recurrent lesions, the median survival was 33 months for those undergoing complete resection and 14 months for those undergoing partial resection or biopsy (P = 0.04). Patients with a disease‐free interval (DFI) of > 24 months were associated with better prognosis than those with DFI of ⩽ 24 months (median survival: 40 months vs. 17 months, P = 0.03). Patients with tumor size of ⩽ 20 cm had longer survival than those with tumor size of > 20 cm (median survival: 39 months vs. 23 months, P = 0.04). Among 14 patients who received adjuvant radiation therapy, four patients whose tumors had been considered unresectable at first exploration for recurrence underwent complete resection after preoperative radiation therapy. An aggressive surgery aimed at complete resection in treating recurrent retroperitoneal sarcomas is strongly recommended. We suggest that in large tumors preoperative radiation therapy should be used to reduce the tumor volume and therefore a higher rate of complete resection may be achieved. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New trends in surgery for gastric cancer in Japan
Authors: Sawai Kiyoshi , Takahashi Toshio , Suzuki Hiroyoshi
Published: February 2007

Although standard radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, including lymph node dissection of compartments I and II, has been commonly utilized in Japan, new trends in gastric cancer surgery recently have been developed. In the treatment of early gastric cancer, endoscopic and limited surgeries have become more prevalent, whereas for advanced gastric cancer, super extended radical gastrectomy (SERG) and aggressive adjuvant therapy have been applied. Limited surgery includes wedge resection of the stomach, pylorus‐preserving gastrectomy, vagus‐preserving gastrectomy, and proximal gastrectomy. The purpose of these more limited techniques is usually to improve quality of life after surgery. Since Takahashi's lymph node staining method using fine activated carbon particles (CH40) made possible systematic para‐aortic lymph node dissection, SERG has increased in popularity. The survival rate of patients with para‐aortic lymph node metastases who underwent SERG was higher than that of patients who underwent extended radical gastrectomy. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A valid new approach in treating solitary new lesions after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Eguchi Akira , Furuta Toshiya , Haraguchi Masaru , Sugimachi Kelzo
Published: February 2007

Recent studies have suggested that the appearance of solitary new lesions after a curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may be closely related to the metachronous multicentric development of HCC. It is therefore extremely important to investigate the histological characteristics of solitary new nodular lesions confirmed to be HCC by an ultrasound(US)‐guided needle biopsy.

Thirty‐five patients with small HCC, ⩽ 3 cm in diameter, who underwent a curative hepatic resection between 1987 and 1992, were observed for possible recurrence over a period of ⩾1 year.

Solitary new lesions confirmed to be HCC were noted in 7 (20.0%) out of 35 cases 10‐65 months after operation. All solitary new lesions underwent US‐guided needle biopsy, and a histological examination of the biopsy specimen was performed. All seven solitary new lesions were then classified into the following two groups according to the histologic differentiation of biopsy specimens and were found to consist of five well‐differentiated HCCs (71.4%) and two moderately differentiated HCCs (28.6%). Three of the five well‐differentiated HCCs were accompanied by varying degrees of fatty changes.

These morphologic observations suggest that approximately 70% of the solitary new lesions confirmed to be HCC after a curative resection of small HCC may thus be related to the metachronous multicentric origin of HCC. However, it is difficult to estimate the exact incidence of such cases. As a result, curative treatment may sometimes be feasible, even when treating solitary new lesions after resection of HCC. Therefore, we can better evaluate such solitary new nodular lesions after a resection of HCC by means of a histologic evaluation using US‐guided needle biopsy. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Streptokinase inhibits pulmonary tumor seeding in an animal experimental model
Authors: McCulloch Peter , Choy Alfred , Purushotham Anand D. , Brown Douglas C. , George William D.
Published: February 2007

One aspect of the metastatic process involves entrapment of tumor cells within the microcirculation of organs in a “fibrin‐platelet mesh.” We postulate that destruction of this mesh by fibrinolysis might discourage tumor seeding, thereby inhibiting metastasis. To study this hypothesis, the effect of intravenous streptokinase on pulmonary tumor seeding was examined in a rodent model. In vitro experiments demonstrated that streptokinase had no cytotoxic or cytostatic effect on the Mtln3 cell line. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that at 30,000 U/kg, streptokinase caused systemic fibrinolysis in the Fischer rat, as demonstrated by the thrombin time and fibrin plate lysis assay. Streptokinase administered at this dose, 30 min after tumor cell injection, caused a significant decrease in pulmonary tumor seeding (median 23.0 in the streptokinase‐treated group vs, 67.5 in untreated controls, P < 0.0001, Mann‐Whitney U‐test). Analysis of fibrin degradation products in the streptokinase‐treated group suggested that this effect might be secondary to fibrinolysis. The implications of these findings are discussed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Adequacy of lymphadenectomy in laparoscopic‐assisted colectomy for colorectal cancer: A preliminary report
Authors: Gray Douglas , Schlinkert Richard , Lee Henry , Beart Robert W.
Published: February 2007

The hypothesis that the length of bowel and amount of mesentery resected with laparoscopically assisted colectomy are comparable to traditional open techniques was tested by means of a chart review of prospectively collected data of 22 laparoscopically assisted colectomies, 35 open colectomies performed by the same surgeon, and 39 other open colectomies performed at the same institution by other community surgeons. The average length of bowel resected in the laparoscopically assisted group was 21.7 cm, for the traditionally resected group, 31.4 cm, and for the other group, 26.7 cm. No statistically significant differences existed between the three evaluable groups. Although there was a trend toward greater length of bowel resected with the open technique, there was no statistically significant difference in the length of bowel resected or the number of lymph nodes identified in this study. Follow‐up at a mean of 24 months after resections shows no abdominal wall recurrences or any unusual patterns of recurrence.

It is concluded that laparoscopically assisted colectomy can be performed in select groups to obtain adequate surgical resection for colorectal carcinoma. Further studies to generate larger numbers of patients with longer follow‐up to determine the adequacy of resection as well as the comparability of cure rate will be necessary to confirm the findings of this preliminary study. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
State of mutational alterations of p53 and retinoblastoma susceptibility genes in papillomavirus‐negative small cell cervical carcinomas
Authors: Pao Chia C. , Kao Shu‐Min , Chen Jui Hsiung , Tang Gu‐Chin , Chang Pi Yueh , Tan Ting Ting
Published: February 2007

Genetic aberrations were examined to assess the possible roles that p53 and retinoblastoma susceptibility genes might have played in the development of small cell cervical carcinomas. Cervical cancer tissues from 12 patients with small cell cervical carcinoma that were free of human papillomavirus were analyzed. The presence of mutational alterations were examined by polymerase chain reaction‐single‐strand conformation polymorphism and by direct DNA sequencing. None of 12 small cell cervical carcinomas were found to contain mutations in regions of p53 and retinoblastoma susceptibility genes that were functionally important and where most mutations in human tumors have been found. Furthermore, there was no evidence indicative of loss of heterozygosity of chromosome region 17p13 (in which p53 is located) in these tumors. These data seem to suggest that whereas mutant type of p53 and retinoblastoma susceptibility genes may exhibit “oncogenic” function in many human tumors, mutational inactivation of these genes may not be an important feature in the carcinogenic development of human papillomavirus‐negative small cell cervical carcinomas. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histological necrosis in soft tissue sarcoma following preoperative irradiation
Authors: Kandel Lisa Hew, Rita , Davis Aileen , Bell Robert , O'Sullivan Brian , Catton Charles
Published: February 2007

Forty‐eight patients with soft tissue sarcomas that presented adverse features for treatment by limb salvage surgery and postoperative irradiation were treated by preoperative irradiation and surgery using a consistent protocol. Following resection, the extent of histological necrosis in the specimen was scored according to the criteria of Willet et al. [11]. Of the 48 cases, 16 (34%) demonstrated Grade 1 response (<50% necrosis), 15 (31%) Grade 2 (50‐80% necrosis), and 17 (35%) Grade 3 (>80% necrosis). There was a trend toward more extensive necrosis in liposarcoma tumors (53% showing Grade 3 response compared to 26% of other sarcomas). Logistic regression analysts demonstrated a significant relationship between necrosis and tumor size (P < 0.001) with larger tumors having higher grades of necrosis. Tumor grade did not seem to affect the extent of necrosis. In comparison to the previous report of necrosis in soft tissue sarcoma following irradiation [10], the current analysis revealed a smaller proportion of tumors with Grade 3 necrosis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prolactin: Its role in advanced tongue cancer
Authors: Bhatavdekar Jyotsna M. , Patel Devendra D. , Vora Hemangini H. , Shah Neelam G. , Karelia Nilkamal H. , Ghosh Nandita , Balar Damodar B.
Published: February 2007

Serum prolactin was measured pretherapeutically and sequentially thereafter using immunoradiometric assay method in 37 male patients with advanced tongue cancer and compared with 23 healthy, age‐matched controls. Prolactin levels were correlated with age, various clinicopathologic parameters, overall survival, and patients with response and those with progressive disease. Patients with advanced tongue cancer had higher prolactin levels than controls (P < 0.02), but intergroup variation in prolactin was not observed when considering the age, site of the lesion, disease stage, histologic grade, and keratin. Of the patients, 30% had hyperprolactinemia (prolactin >15.0 ng/ml). To assess the prognostic significance of pretherapeutic prolactin level, the patients were divided according to the cutoff level of prolactin (15.0 ng/ml). Hyperprolactinemic patients had more unfavourable prognosis than patients with prolactin <15.0 ng/ml (X2=2.91, df=1, P < 0.0037). In monitoring disease course, patients who responded to treatments had decreased prolactin levels at the end of 18 months as compared to their pretherapeutic levels (P < 0.01). In patients who subsequently developed progressive disease within 18 months, prolactin levels reduced initially at response, whereas with disease progression, prolactin levels increased significantly (P < 0.05). The positive and negative predictive value of prolactin was 100%. Immunohistochemical localization confirmed the ectopic production of prolactin by tongue tumors. In conclusion, our data indicate that hyperprolactinemia may be an independent predictor of short‐term prognosis; circulating prolactin may be used as a marker for monitoring disease course in patients with advanced tongue cancer, and prolactin is produced ectopically by tongue tumors. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Complications of transhiatal esophagectomy
Authors: Katariya Kushagra , Harvey James C. , Pina Edward , Beattie Edward J.
Published: February 2007

A total of 23 papers published between 1981 and 1992, reporting a total of 1,353 patients, were reviewed for intraoperative and postoperative complications of transhiatal esophagectomy. Intraoperative complications included massive bleeding, tracheal injuries, cardiac arrhythmias, and incidental splenectomies. Even though the chest was not opened, the commonest postoperative complications were pulmonary. Leakage from the cervical anastomosis was seen in as many as 15% of all patients, but almost all resolved spontaneously. Postoperative benign strictures were seen in almost as many patients. Hoarseness due to recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, symptomatic gastro‐esophageal reflux, chylothorax, Horner's syndrome, subphrenic abscess, hiatal hernia, and biliary cutaneous fistula were some of the other postoperative complications. An overview of these complications is presented, along with suggested methods of avoiding them and their treatment. The overall mortality for the 1,353 patients was 7.17%. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo activity of bleomycin incorporated with biodegradable poly‐d, i‐lactic acid and implanted in the mediastinum of dogs
Authors: Kumanohoso Toru , Natsugoe Shoji , Shimada Mario , Aikou Takashi , Nakamura Kazuo , Yamada Katsushi , Fukuzaki Hironobu
Published: February 2007

The possible usefulness of bleomycin incorporated with biodegradable poly‐d, l‐lactic acid (BLM‐PLA) for targeting chemotherapy for esophageal cancer was studied in vivo. Local levels of BLM after administration were compared with those after injection of BLM‐SOL, an aqueous solution of BLM. BLM‐PLA or BLM‐SOL was administered into the upper mediastinum under a right thoracotomy in 36 mongrel dogs. On days 10, 20, and 30 after administration, connective tissues, lymph nodes, lung, liver, kidney, and spleen were removed, and BLM activity was measured. High activity of BLM was detected for 30 days after BLM‐PLA administration in both the connective tissues and the lymph nodes, compared with BLM‐SOL administration. BLM activity was low in the other organs after BLM‐PLA administration. BLM in the blood was significantly lower after administration of BLM‐PLA than BLM‐SOL. The results indicate that BLM‐PLA may become a useful tool in targeting chemotherapy for esophageal cancer. © 1994 Wilev‐Liss, Inc.
Discrepancy between PNMT presence and relative lack of adrenaline production in extra‐adrenal pheochromocytoma
Authors: Funahashi Hiroomi , Imai Tsuneo , Tanaka Yuji , Tobinaga Jun‐Ichi , Wada Masaki , Matsuyama Takako , Tsukamura Kyosuke , Yamada Fumio , Takagi Hiroshi , Narita Tatsuhiko , Koshikawa Takashi
Published: February 2007

Among catecholamine synthesizing enzymes, phenylethanolamine‐N‐methyltransferase (PNMT) exists only in adrenal and extra‐adrenal pheochromoeytoma has been believed not to produce adrenaline. However, adrenaline production is clinically active in some extra‐adrenal cases. To investigate this controversy, the localization of catecholamine synthesizing enzymes was studied by immunohistochemical staining in extra‐adrenal and adrenal cases. The results showed that PNMT was expressed not only in many cases of adrenal pheochromocytoma, but also in extra‐adrenal pheochromocytoma. It is suspected that little adrenaline production in extra‐adrenal cases is attributable to a lack of a good environment for the activation of PNMT by a high concentration of glucocorticoids. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.