bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent insights on bioactive nutrients to prevent cardiovascular disease
Authors: Hemani Param , Sonawane Sachin Kalidas
Published: October 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are principally responsible for the maximum number of mortalities, with 17.5 million deaths worldwide. This review summarizes the current evidence and concisely presents the relationship between bioactive nutrients and their positive impact on preventing cardiovascular diseases. Meals rich in dietary fiber have proven to significantly reduce serum cholesterol levels by 15-19% and reduce blood pressure and hypertension. Coenzyme Q10 is a cardioprotective ingredient that improves endothelial function and positively affects the lipid profile. An average intake of 2g/day of phytosterol can lower the low-density lipoprotein by 8-10%. Omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduce by 15% the likelihood that a person will die from cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that a lack of vitamin C increases the risk of cardiovascular disease-related fatalities. Vitamin C slightly enhances lipid profiles and endothelial function. Several oxidation reactions that can result in cardiovascular diseases can be stopped by vitamin E, which can scavenge free lipid radicals. Carotenoids reduce oxidative damage and the emergence of diseases linked to oxidation by neutralizing the toxicity of free radicals.
Current progress in the valorization of food industrial by-products for the development of functional food products
Authors: Boruah Bhuyashi , Ray Subhajit
Published: October 2024

Worldwide consumption of food items e.g. agricultural commodities, fruits and vegetables, marine foods, animal products, dairy products etc. increases due to rapid growth of population. However, with the increasing consumption trends a significant amount of waste is generated and results environmental hazards. In addition to that, food processing industries produces a significant quantity of by-products. In order to reduce the environmental pollution, valorization of such by-products into the development of nutritionally enriched functional foods, recovery of bioactive substances such proteins, carotenoids, and phenolics, and encapsulation of bioactive materials can be considered as an efficient eco- friendly approach. Moreover, a variety of underutilized by-products, such as animal blood, grape pomace (GP), Brewer’s Spent Grains (BSG), cheese whey, hulls, peels, seeds, and marine algae, are a huge resource of beneficial molecules including vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals with positive health effects and techno functional properties. The circular economy approach is a crucial tool in food science and technology, ensuring environmental protection and boosting economic growth by reducing the environmental impact of food production and processing. This review focuses on the valorization of by-products from food processing industries as a sustainable waste management strategy.
Fermented and dairy beverages of Bangladesh: a rich source of probiotic lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Hossain Tanim Jabid , Khan Md Sajib , Ferdouse Jannatul
Published: October 2024

Fermented and dairy beverages, enriched with probiotics, are integral components of Bangladesh's culinary heritage. This article explores the diverse landscape of these beverages, emphasizing their role as reservoirs of probiotic lactic acid bacteria. From iconic fermented beverage date-palm sap to dairy staples like milk, borhani, and laban, each beverage presents unique microbial profile. Studies isolating strains within these drinks underscore their probiotic potential, exhibiting multifaceted benefits including antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities, cholesterol-lowering effect, exopolysaccharide-production etc. In-vitro probiotic assessments further unveil their potential to withstand gastric conditions and colonize gastrointestinal tract. The exploration extends to genomic dimensions, unraveling the genetic basis for probiotic effects and insights into the mechanisms of action including identification of genes encoding bioactive metabolites, antimicrobial peptides, nutraceuticals, and flavor compounds. Despite advancements, further research is needed to bridge gaps in understanding exact mechanisms of probiotic functionalities, specific health-effects, and unexplored probiotic properties. The interplay between the beverages and probiotics opens avenues for innovative applications beyond tradition, leveraging the full potential of these probiotic-rich beverages for functional food development and health-focused interventions. Importantly, while this research is rooted in Bangladesh's culinary tradition, the implications of probiotics extend globally, enriching our understanding of their health-benefits, offering potential impact worldwide.
Effect of number of colors and order of priority components on quality evaluation of white cheese in brine using images segmentation with SegPC algorithm
Authors: Andreeva Hristina , Bosakova-Ardenska Atanaska , Semerdzhiev Biser
Published: October 2024

In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the field of application methods of computer vision for cheese quality evaluation and Bulgarian WCB (white cheese in brine) is also an object of research in this direction. Certain quality indicators of WCB are successfully evaluated using image processing based on thresholding and multi-level thresholding algorithms. The current study aims to examine one novel algorithm for image segmentation (named SegPC) for its effectiveness in the quality evaluation of WCB. A database of images that present the structure of WCB is used for this research. A software with GUI (Graphical User Interface) is developed for easy usage of the SegPC algorithm and images of eight trademarks of WCB are processed using different settings for the algorithm’s two parameters (number of colors and priority of color components). All segmented images are used for analysis using PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) metric. Statistical information about the distribution of pixels in segmented images is used for comparison with experts’ assessment for the quality of cheese structure. The best matching results are a basis for further analysis to build a regression model. The settings of experiments are values from 2 to 10 for the number of colors parameter and all possible permutations for the order of priority components parameter. Regarding calculated PSNR values it could be concluded that at least four colors are necessary for segmentation to preserve more details in images and thus significant information about cheese structure to be extracted. The highest correlation coefficient that is achieved is 0.88 which indicates a very strong relationship. The results indicate that the number of colors influences significantly on the quality of the segmented images and consequently, influences the process of information extraction, the order of priority components has to be preciously selected based on specifics of the input images, and PSNR metric allows better understanding the segmentation results.
Enhancing meat quality through marination: principle, ingredients and effects
Authors: Serdaroglu Meltem , Yüncü-Boyacı Özlem , Karaman Merih
Published: October 2024

Marinating meat is a popular technique that involves injecting, immersion, or tumbling a mixture of salt, spices, acid, or alkaline ingredients into the muscle to enhance its tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. Marination can enhance not only sensory properties but also functional attributes such as cooking loss and water-holding capacity. Additionally, depending on the additives, marinades also can exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. For this purpose, various ingredients such as salt, phosphate salts, sugar, fruit juices and/or extracts, fermented dairy products, oils, and spices have been used in marinade formulations to improve the quality characteristics and shelf life of meat. Marination helps in protein coagulation and moisture retention during cooking, thereby enhancing meat's binding capabilities and slicing qualities. Due to the physical and chemical reactions, marinating meat before cooking can reduce the formation of heterocyclic amines and biogenic amines. In this review, the basic principles of the marination process and certain effects on different kinds of meat were discussed.
Isolation of saponins from the leaves of Psidium guajava and Garcinia quaesita and antioxidative capacities
Authors: Kokilananthan Shanthirasekaram , Bulugahapitiya Vajira P. , Manawadu Harshi , Gangabadage Chinthaka Sanath
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the saponin content of Garcinia quaesita (Red-Garcinia) and Psidium guajava (Common-guava) leaves, which are known for their health benefits. The leaves were sonicated with 80% ethanol, and the obtained crude powders underwent sequential extraction/ fractionation with organic solvents. Crude saponins were obtained from the butanol and final aqueous layers. The functional characteristics of the isolated saponins were determined using FTIR spectroscopy. Antioxidant potency was evaluated through DPPH radical scavenging assay and the FRAP assay. Interestingly, both crude and isolated saponins exhibited higher antioxidant potential. P. guajava saponins, GuSBF3 showed the highest total antioxidant capacity (1753.86 ± 1.52 mg Trolox Eq.g-1) and radical scavenging capability (IC50 value: 78.47 ± 0.02 ppm). The FRAP analysis of G. quaesita saponins indicated that the crude saponin exhibited the greatest total antioxidant capacity, measuring at 1284.56 ± 1.52 mg Trolox Eq.g-1. Additionally, the DPPH assay demonstrated that a particular saponin, GaSBF4, possessed a superior radical scavenging capacity with an IC50 value of 102.94 ± 0.11 ppm. In this pioneering study, saponins were extracted for the first time from the Sri Lankan endemic plant G. quaesita and the widely cultivated guava species, P. guajava. Seven saponins were identified from each plant, though further purification is needed to determine their chemical structures. Notably, both crude and isolated saponins demonstrate considerable antioxidative activity.
Prunus spp. fruits as practical natural colouring agents in foods
Authors: Mihaylova Dasha , Popova Aneta , Savchovska Sashka , Lante Anna , Dimitrova-Dimova Maria
Published: October 2024

Fruits and vegetables are among the most important phytochemical sources worldwide, which can also provide an anticipated food colour. The sensory perception of the food is directly linked to its colour. Consumers have a specific expectation for the colour of food i.e. desired and vivid ones. Thus, colour additives, both natural and synthetic, are so important to the food industry. Colour additives are able to enhance the sensory attributes lost during processing, and to expand product variety. However, studies report a link between synthetic colours and some health disorders. That is why serious attention is paid to natural dyes. In this context, Prunus fruits present an excellent alternative source of natural compounds that enable the production of a wide range of colouring molecules, such as anthocyanins, carotenoids and chlorophylls. Moreover, in addition to their ability to colour, they also contribute by increasing food’s bioactive qualities. Carotenoids are the pigments that give the yellow and orange colour to the pulp and skin of apricots and other Prunus fruits. Along with them, flavonoids, anthocyanins (purple, blue colours), etc. are also found in prunes, for example. Still, whether the fruit can be used as a reliable source of food colouring is an open question worth answering. Therefore, more research is currently needed to better understand the behaviour of natural compounds during the extraction processes and further incorporation into food matrices. In this regard, scientists add fruits directly in the food in order to avoid extraction and potential loss of bioactive compounds, i.e. natural dyes. Regulation approvals should always be considered as well and it has to be noted that different legislation applies to different countries. In view of the sustainable food cycle provision and the seek for more value added ingredients, natural dyes ought to be taken into account with priority.
Characterization of wild indigenous yeasts that can withstand different stresses from traditional fermented beverages in the Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Fentahun Mulugeta , Andualem Berhanu
Published: October 2024

Yeasts that can withstand stress can generate ethanol in challenging environmental circumstances. The objective of this finding was to screen, identify, and characterize wild native yeast isolates that can withstand stress from traditional fermented beverages in the Amhara Region. Twenty-eight yeast like isolates were selected from the total 91 yeast like colonies based on morphological and biochemical assays. According to the sequence of internal transcribed spacer ITS-5.8S rRNA region, all the indigenous yeast isolates were affiliated to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Tolerance to 28% ethanol was discovered four isolates (A12, A21, TJ1, and TJ6). Six isolates (A1, A15, A21, TJ3, TJ6, and T5) were found to be thermotolerant at 50℃, and sixteen isolates grew at a low pH (³ 2.5). At 85% high sugar concentration, the isolates TJ1, TJ6, and T14 were identified as having osmotolerance. The majority of the isolates were ethanol-tolerant, thermotolerant, acid-tolerant, and osmotolerant. They were capable of fermenting glucose, maltose, sucrose, fructose, and galactose. Indigenous yeast isolates that are high-stress-tolerant and potentially beneficial were isolated in this study. This investigation demonstrated that local fermentation methods and their byproducts can serve as potential sources of yeast isolates for industrial applications.
Preparation of “natural graphite-phenolic resin” composites with high thermal and electrical conductivity
Authors:   D. Mendeleev University Chemical Technology of Russia, Khachaturyan A. A. ,   Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials “NIIgrafit”, Danilov E. A. ,   Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials “NIIgrafit”,   D. Mendeleev University Chemical Technology of Russia, Shakhnazarova A. B. ,   Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials “NIIgrafit”, Samoilov V. M. ,   Research Institute for Graphite-Based Structural Materials “NIIgrafit”
Published: October 2024

In the present study, highly filled composite materials based on the “natural graphite-phenolic resin” system with a filler content of 75 – 95 wt.% were assessed. The influence of the type of filler particle size distribution on the functional characteristics of the composites was studied. It was shown that the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the composites decreases exponentially with increasing filler grinding time. It was established that the selected manufacturing technology leads to the production of highly oriented materials with predominant orientation of the basal planes of filler particles perpendicular to the pressing axis, which leads to pronounced anisotropy of thermal and electrical conductivity (about 10). It was found that the best properties are achieved at filler content of 90 wt. %: the average electrical conductivity was 401.4 S/cm; thermal conductivity — 142.3 W/(m∙K); heat capacity — 0.83 J/(g∙K); flexural strength 41.9 MPa and modulus were and 24.4 GPa, respectively. The resulting compositions with high values of thermal and electrical conductivity showed promise for their use as materials for the manufacturing of heat-exchange electrically conductive surfaces, including bipolar plates of fuel cells.
Superplasticity of ultrafine-grained Al – 6 Mg – 0.12 Sc – 0.10 Zr alloys with 0.10 % Yb, Er, Hf additions
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Chuvil’deev V. N. , Gryaznov M. Yu. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Shotin S. V. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nokhrin A. V. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Likhnitskii C. V. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Shadrina Ia. S. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Kopylov V. I. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Bobrov A. A. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Chegurov M. K. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: October 2024

The superplastic behavior of ultrafine-grained (UFG) alloys Al – 6 % Mg – 0.12 % Sc – 0.10 % Zr – 0.1 % X, where X = Yb (alloy 1 – Yb), Er (alloy 2 – Er) and Hf (alloy 3 –Hf) was studied. The objects of comparison were alloys Al – 6 % Mg – 0.12 % Sc – 0.20 % Zr (alloy 4 – Zr) and Al – 6 % Mg – 0.22 % Sc – 0.10 % Zr (alloy 5 – Sc). The effect of a simultaneous increase in the flow stress and elongation to failure in the superplasticity mode has been found. The maximum elongation to fracture in UFG alloys 1 – Yb and 2 – Er is observed at lower deformation temperatures than in alloys 4 – Zr and 5 – Sc. The superplastic characteristics of alloy 3 – Hf exceed those of alloys 4 – Zr and 5 – Sc with a increased content of alloying elements (in at. %). UFG alloy 1 – Yb at low temperature (400 °С) has good ductility (δ = 910 %). The effect of the type and concentration of alloying elements on the deformation behavior and grain growth in UFG alloys Al – 6 % Mg is analyzed. With the superplasticity of UFG alloys, there is competition between strain-induced grain growth and dynamic recrystallization. It is shown that the fracture of UFG alloys under superplasticity is caused by the formation of pores on large Al3X particles.
Mechanochemical synthesis and properties of basalto-plastics based on polypropylene random copolymer
Authors:   Institute of Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Kakhramanov N. T. , Nuralieva G. Kh. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Arzumanova N. B. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Khamedova L. Kh. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan
Published: October 2024

The results of a study of the influence of basalt content on the basic physical and mechanical properties of composites based on random polypropylene copolymer are presented. Properties such as breaking stress, tensile yield strength, elongation, flexural strength, melt flow index and heat resistance were determined. The basalt content varied from 1.0 to 30 wt. %. The results of the study showed that when basalt is introduced into the composition of a random copolymer of polypropylene, the maximum value of the breaking stress is achieved at 5.0 wt.% content. In this case, with an increase in the filler content, a sharp decrease in the relative elongation and melt flow index is observed, but at the same time the value of the heat resistance of the composites increases. In order to improve the compatibility of the mixed components of the mixture and the properties of basalt-filled composites, a polypropylene copolymer with maleic anhydride brand Exxelor PO1020 was used as a compatibilizer. The introduction of a compatibilizer made it possible to significantly influence the increase in strength indicators, relative elongation and melt flow rate. In order to further modify the structure and properties of compatibilized composites based on random copolymer of polypropylene and basalt, cross-linking agents such as sulfur and dicumyl peroxide were used. The optimal concentrations of basalt and cross-linking agents have been established, at which the best performance in terms of basic physical and mechanical parameters is achieved.
Wordplay as a technique of linguistic manipulation (based on the American television series “Police Squad!”)
Authors: Kudryavtsev Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2024

The study aims to determine the role of wordplay in creating comedic effect and shaping audience interpretations in the context of the 1982 American satirical television series “Police Squad!”. The article analyzes wordplay in the dialogue of the characters in the series “Police Squad!” and also identifies the impact of puns on audience perception. It is shown that wordplay is used in the series not only to achieve comedic effect, but also to manipulate audience perception. It is noted that the satirical context of the series is amplified through the linguistic features of wordplay, analyzed in terms of their role in linguistic manipulation. In particular, the study examines how the characters’ misinterpretation of ambiguous dialogue serves as a means of influencing audience perception and enhances comedic effect. The study is novel in that it is the first one to identify and conduct a detailed analysis of the mechanisms of wordplay as a tool of linguistic manipulation in satirical television discourse, as well as to determine the impact of these linguistic mechanisms on audience interpretation and perception. The results showed that wordplay based on homonymy is most often used to create comedic effect and manage audience perception in the television sphere.
The linguocultural image of Australia in the linguistic consciousness of Russian-speaking residents of the continent: A linguopersonological aspect
Authors: Nemirov Vyacheslav Yurievich
Published: October 2024

The study aims to determine, using methods of linguopersonology and linguoculturology, the role of usual and individual features of the linguoculture of Russian-speaking residents of Australia in constructing the linguocultural image of the continent. The study is based on the recorded interview of Lia Paramonova, the wife of Alexander Paramonov, the senior priest at St. Ksenia of St. Petersburg Russian Orthodox Church on the Gold Coast in Australia, broadcast on the “Svetly Vecher” program on radio “VERA”. In this article, using an integrated approach that combines methods of linguoculturology and linguopersonology, we examine the construction of a complex conceptual formation, which is the linguocultural image of Australia, identifying simpler, basic constituent concepts and analyzing their cultural and axiological load. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the article provides a characterization of the mechanisms of individual perception of Australia by Russian-speaking residents of the continent (using the example of one carrier of Russian linguoculture). As a result of the study, we were able to analyze the image of Australia and Australians, resorting to a comparative method taking into account the basic opposition “us – them”, discovering the contrast between Russian culture and Western culture based on the opposite perception of spiritual values. We also discovered a conscious mismatch in the axiological load of the concepts that make up the complex conceptual formation, namely, the linguocultural image of Australia.
Corrective communicative behavior in the context of the discourse practice of cancel culture (using the example of public apologies of media personalities)
Authors: Dubinina Irina Ivanovna
Published: October 2024

The study aims to identify the specifics of the corrective communicative behavior of the cancel culture object in the Internet space. The pragmatic context models corrective behavior in accordance with the characteristics of a communicative event and the genre of a public apology. The paper analyzes corrective communicative behavior in relation to the following components of the communicative situation “cancel culture”: 1) the object of cancel culture; 2) misconduct; 3) norm/value; 4) the subject of cancel culture; 5) context (tense political situation); 6) the alleged or actual damage to the object of cancel culture. The study is novel in that it is the first one to identify the conflict zones and communicative strategies of corrective behavior in the context of the discourse practice of cancel culture, to systematize and describe them. As a result of analyzing public apologies of media personalities, six groups of communication strategies were identified aimed at mitigating the addressee’s attitude (to misconduct, to the addresser) and correcting the addresser’s position (in relation to the addressee, to the violated value, to the political situation, to “punishment”). The verbal means and cognitive mechanisms of implementing the identified strategies for achieving communicative intent, namely, optimizing communication with the public and minimizing the consequences of norms violation, were described.
Evaluation of the optoelectronic properties of filamentary titanium oxide with different phase compositions
Authors:   MIET 124498, Moscow, Zelenograd, Shokin Sq., bld. 1, Vasilevskaya Yu.O. ,   SMC «Technological Centre» 124498, Moscow, Zelenograd, Shokin Sq., bld. 7, Saurov M.A. ,   MIET 124498, Moscow, Zelenograd, Shokin Sq., bld. 1,   SMC «Technological Centre» 124498, Moscow, Zelenograd, Shokin Sq., bld. 7, Orlov A.P. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS 125009, Moscow, Mokhovaya str., 11, b. 7,   INME RAS 119334, Moscow, Nagatinskaya str., 16A, b. 11., Kruzhalina M.D. ,   MIET 124498, Moscow, Zelenograd, Shokin Sq., bld. 1, Sibatov R.T. ,   MIET 124498, Moscow, Zelenograd, Shokin Sq., bld. 1,   SMC «Technological Centre» 124498, Moscow, Zelenograd, Shokin Sq., bld. 7
Published: October 2024

The work focuses on the investigation of optoelectronic properties of filamentary titanium oxide with various phase compositions. The experimental samples are two-terminal planar structures based on a thermally oxidized silicon substrate, with gold electrodes spaced approximately 2 micron apart, and deposited there titanium oxide of different phases (containing varying amounts of anatase, rutile, and B-phase). Optical spectra of the titanium oxide were measured over a wide wavelength range from 200 to 1100 nm. The values of the band gap width for the studied titanium oxide samples were determined, and the photoresponses of the resulting structures under ultraviolet illumination were investigated. The law of extended exponent (Kohlrausch function) accurately describes the relaxation kinetics of photocurrent generated after irradiation in all samples studied. Kohlrausch's law is typical for systems with a high degree of energy disorder, characterized by a variety of localized states with different activation energies. The parameters of the photoconductivity relaxation law are determined for samples with different phase compositions.
The Role of NGOs in Environmental Governance in Indonesia
Authors: Sorik Sutan , Nurhidayah Laely
Published: October 2024

The role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) needs to be strengthened to enhance the capacity for environmental governance in Indonesia, as natural resources cannot be effectively protected, and environmental problems cannot be resolved without collaboration between the government and civil society. This research aims to explain the concept and role of NGOs as actors in environmental governance. The research was conducted through a literature review. The results show that NGOs play a significant role in protecting natural resources and assisting in solving environmental issues. In Indonesia, the role of NGOs has been legally strengthened. However, due to the restrictive nature of the environmental legal system, not all NGOs have legal standing to bring lawsuits before the courts. To preserve the environment, the legal standing of NGOs should not be limited, as environmental lawsuits involve the broader public interest and the sustainability of natural resources, both of which must be safeguarded.
Emotional Drivers of Reputation in Bureaucratic Politics: A Framework for Audience Network Analysis
Authors: Maor Moshe , Rimkute Dovile , Capelos_ Tereza
Published: October 2024

Audiences that observe and interact with government agencies are carriers of their reputation. Audience networks are commonly viewed as a cohesive entity, downplaying their inherent differences. We argue that these views lack empirical plausibility because they ignore variations among audience networks in the cognitive and emotional processing of reputational information, which occurs via experience with agencies. To address this gap, we introduce a new research agenda examining emotionality in bureaucratic politics. We develop a novel theoretical framework of reputation learning, drawing on Affect as Information Theory and Affective Intelligence Theory, which provide insights into emotions’ role in judgement formation and information processing. We examine the role of emotions in reputation learning by identifying emotion-based components of bureaucratic reputation and how emotions influence the decision-making processes of audiences in shaping their perceptions of a government agency’s reputation. The article concludes by discussing four ways in which we advance the research agenda.
The baker's advice matters! Multiple anchoring in legal decision-making.
Authors: Navarre Aglaé , didierjean andre , Thomas Cyril
Published: October 2024

Since the seminal works from Tversky and Kahneman (1974), the anchoring effect has generated considerable interest and its impact in numerous everyday situations has been fully documented. However, few studies have paid attention to the influence of several successive anchors. To analyze how the presentation of a second anchor influences legal decision-making depending on its relevance, we conducted two studies. In both experiments, participants were asked to read a text describing a trial in which two anchors (one relevant given by a prosecutor in Experiment 1 (N = 571) or a magistrate in Experiment 2 (N = 292), the other irrelevant given by a baker) appeared successively. The results show an anchoring effect when there is one anchor (relevant and irrelevant). However, the effect of a relevant anchor disappears in the presence of a contradictory irrelevant one. We will discuss the psychological processes underlying this phenomenon.
Did the Republican Revolution Hamstring Congressional Oversight? Evidence from 55,000 GAO Reports
Authors: Rametta Jack T.
Published: October 2024

Legislative support agencies provide crucial policymaking and oversight assistance to Congress. However, their authority, influence, and scope has diminished in recent decades. The Republican Revolution of 1994 precipitated this decline, slashing sup-port agency budgets and staff. But how exactly did the new Republican majority affect the oversight capacity through the support agencies? Did the ’94 Revolution diminish Congressional oversight capacity, and if so, how was the impact distributed across policy domains? To answer these questions, I compile and analyze a novel dataset:the universe of published reports and testimonies from the Government Accountability Office, Congress’ “watchdog” oversight agency. This dataset contains more than 55,000 unique items spanning back to the creation of the agency in the early 20th century. Employing a regression discontinuity design, I investigate the effects of the Republican Revolution on GAO’s public outputs. I find the Republican Revolution corresponds with a significant reduction in the volume of policy recommendations made by GAO to executive agencies and to Congress. These findings stand in contrast with the picture painted by GAO’s reports to Congress during this period, which suggest increasing productivity despite steep cuts. I reconcile this contrast by outlining qualitative evidence that GAO manipulated reported productivity statistics to avoid additional scrutiny from its new principal.
The great American car crime decline
Authors: Farrell Graham
Published: October 2024

The vehicle theft rate in the United States declined 80 percent between 1990 and2020. Remarkably, this remains unexplained. This study examines historical evidenceincluding reports to Congress plus automobile industry data from the FederalRegister. Legislation incentivised security improvements that were fitted to high-riskvehicles from the late 1980s. Analysis of the industry data finds that theft of vehicleswith electronic engine immobilizers declined 80 percent relative to a matchedcontrol group and theft of new secure vehicles declined before older vehicles. Theftdeclined gradually over the years as secure vehicles permeated the national vehiclefleet, the prolonged decline reflecting the arms race between manufacturers’responses and offender effort to circumvent security. The study concludes that theelectronic engine immobilizer caused the great American car crime decline. If thisinduced declining crime more generally, the electronic engine immobilizer may bethe most important crime prevention device of recent history.
Interseismic deformation fingerprints on the hyperarid coastal landscape in North Chilean subduction
Authors: Kosari Ehsan , Metzger Sabrina , Navarro-Sanchez Victor , Oncken Onno , Schurr Bernd , Rosenau Matthias
Published: October 2024

Along-strike seismotectonic behavior of subduction megathrusts feeds back into the forearc deformation as elastic and permanent deformation. However, whether and how short-term elastic deformation reflects long-term permanent deformation in the forearc and shapes the coastal region remains unclear. To evaluate the forearc deformation, we analyze the interseismic surface deformation obtained from six years of Sentinel-1 InSAR time series along the North Chilean Forearc (between 21.5°S to 26°S latitude), a hyperarid region where erosional processes masking topographic signals are minimized. To assess the conversion of interseismic vertical deformation into permanent deformation, we examine the spatial correlation between geodetic (short-term) vertical deformation and geomorphic (long-term) uplift markers and topography along the coast and Coastal Cordillera. Our findings reveal that the correlation between geodetic uplift rates and long-term uplift markers becomes neutral at the Mejillones Peninsula, suggesting localized tectonic activity. The Peninsula also separates two distinct seismotectonic segments with differing deformation patterns in the North and South. In the Northern segment, correlations and anticorrelations between geodetic uplift rates and geomorphic features imply episodic uplift, while upper plate faults exhibit less strain accumulation compared to the Southern segment and the Peninsula. The correlation variation may result from short-term, short-wavelength processes, while the consistently positive correlations with topography likely reflect long-term, long-wavelength deformation, overshadowing seismic-cycle short-wavelength deformation.
Slip-tremor interaction at the very beginning of Episodic Tremor and Slip in Cascadia
Authors: Itoh Yuji , Socquet Anne , Radiguet Mathilde
Published: October 2024

In Cascadia, the concomitance of slow slip events (SSE) and tremors during Episodic Tremor and Slip (ETS) episodes is well documented. Brittle tremor patches embedded in the ductile background deforming aseismically is the most common sketch for the fault structure, but whether tremor patches impact the SSE process is under debate. This study focuses on the initiation stage of major Cascadia ETSs. So far, few observational constraints exist on the details of ETS initiation because spatiotemporal SSE inversions usually oversmooth their temporal evolution. Scrutinizing tremors and SSE over a short period at the beginning of major ETS events gives us insights into their mechanical relationship. We directly retrieve the temporal evolution of SSE moment by stacking sub-daily Global Navigation Satellite System time series at multiple sites, without slip inversions. Comparison of the GNSS stack with tremor activity demonstrates that SSE moment release accelerates drastically $\sim$1 day after the onset of vigorous tremor activity. We propose that heterogeneous interface strength limits the growth of SSE and that unruptured tremor patches may strengthen the fault. This scenario suggests that seeds of SSE grow more efficiently with the macroscopic weakening of the interface through the rupture of tremor patches. In that scenario, isolated tremor bursts lacking SSE signal would mark failed and aborted initiation due to an under-stressed interface. When the SSE moment release accelerates, the tremor area expands more rapidly, suggesting that the growth of the ETS occurs through a feedback mechanism between slip and tremor once the SSE is well developed.
The link between water and ferric iron in Earth's lower mantle
Authors: Buchen Johannes , Pardo Olivia , Dobrosavljevic Vasilije , Sturhahn Wolfgang , Ishii Takayuki , Chariton Stella , Greenberg Eran , Toellner Thomas , Jackson Jennifer
Published: October 2024

As the most massive geochemical reservoir, the lower mantle affects Earth's budget of volatile elements, including hydrogen or H2O. The properties of minerals in Earth's lower mantle are further affected by changes in the electronic configurations of iron cations, i.e., spin transitions. Potential feedback between deep H2O retention and spin transitions in mantle minerals, however, remain unexplored. We constrained the excess energy arising from the spin transition of ferric iron in high-pressure oxyhydroxide phases by a combination of high-pressure experiments. Our results show that the spin transition of ferric iron may stabilize oxyhydroxide phases in the lower mantle even at low H2O concentrations. In addition, the spin transition expands the thermal stability of high-pressure oxyhydroxides and creates a geochemical link between H2O and ferric iron in Earth's lower mantle that might be sampled by rising plumes and reflected in related magmas produced at the surface.
How visual is the “groupitizing”? The impact of visual deprivation over its emergence.
Authors: Adriano Andrea , Ciccione Lorenzo , Zhan Minye
Published: October 2024

Previous research suggests that participants can enumerate a set of objects more quickly and precisely when clusters can be formed according to Gestalt factors. This effect is known as "groupitizing". Although predominantly observed in the visual domain, the role of visual experience in its development is still unknown. Has groupitizing emerged from neural mechanisms underlying grouping-cues processing in the early visual cortex? What is the impact of visual deprivation on its development? A fundamental model to investigate these questions is to study congenitally blind (CB) individuals. Lacking experience of visual grouping cues, CB individuals should not develop groupitizing strategies if vision is essential. Conversely, if vision is not mandatory, CB individuals should reveal groupitizing abilities in other sensory modalities. Importantly, visual deprivation could prompt compensatory cognitive abilities, such as better auditory working memory, which may influence the enumeration of auditory stimuli. We compared congenitally blind and sighted individuals in an auditory groupitizing task, where participants estimated the number of pure tones (5 to 12) presented rapidly, which were randomly interspaced (ungrouped condition) or grouped by temporal proximity (grouped condition). We found that grouped sequences yielded lower error-rates and higher precision compared to ungrouped ones in both blind and sighted participants. Overall, the blind group presented lower error-rates and slightly better numerical precision, with a greater grouping-benefit toward larger set sizes, compared to sighted participants. These findings suggest that groupitizing may emerge even without vision, potentially relying on perceptual amodal mechanisms, and that visual deprivation may boost groupitizing in the auditory modality.
Risk Communication about Antimicrobial Resistance: A Content Analysis of Metaphor Use in Global Public Discourse
Authors: Krockow Eva , Meghann  , Tarrant Carolyn , Mendelson Marc , Flusberg Stephen
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an existential threat to humanity, yet public awareness remains low. An underexplored tool for AMR risk communication is metaphor. By inviting a comparison between abstract and familiar concepts, metaphors can make complex health information more accessible. However, metaphor use in the context of AMR has been haphazard and remains poorly understood. We address this issue by providing an integrative content analysis of metaphor use in global, English-language, public AMR discourse. Four types of public sources were searched: (1) websites of 71 non-profit organisations, (2) national AMR action plans from 84 countries, (3) 819 international newspaper articles and (4) 2,616 social media posts. Across all sources, 2,149 metaphors excerpts were extracted. Qualitative content analysis identified 41 distinct metaphor themes, but 75% of metaphors fell into one of four themes: “War against resistance, infections and microbes”, “Heroes and villains of resistance”, “Post-antibiotic apocalypse and looming crisis of AMR”, and “Silent, creeping threat of AMR”. All key themes are inapt or theoretically problematic by painting a misleading picture of a finite struggle between good and evil, which does not match the ecological reality of a continuously evolving challenge. Furthermore, most existing metaphors are highly conventional and emotive. They aim to raise general awareness about AMR without conferring specific knowledge. Our findings call for an urgent re-framing. Media, policy makers and health officials should choose theoretically informed, apt and novel explanatory metaphors that are specific to the context of AMR and challenge public misunderstandings with the potential to prompt behaviour change.
The Promise: A Breakthrough for Social Science
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Sérgio Dias
Published: October 2024

This article orbits the promise of Sociology and presents the sociology of promises — or, more precisely, the science of promises, aimed at addressing all sociological curiosities and encompassing all that is sociological. In introducing the General Social Theory of Compromises (G-STOC), a framework designed to overcome the fragmentation of traditional social theories and address their limitations in explaining social behavior, a breakthrough is presented in eight main takeaways that are simultaneously ontological, epistemological and theoretical: (1) social coercive powers derive from actual or virtual agency; (2) virtual agency derives from promises; (3) all anger and disappointment derive from broken promises; (4) promises are always in dynamic reciprocal sets called compromises; (5) compromises are heuristic devices underlying all social relationships; (6) all social phenomena involve compromises; (7) to explain is to describe relationships and (8) sociological explanation, therefore, derives from the description of compromises and their history. The above tenets begin to outline a powerful and coherent framework and their proper appreciation is bound to have a profound impact in Social Science. Avoiding convoluted syntheses of competing theories and emphasizing the social importance of the future as well as theoretical novelty and superior heuristic power, the author advocates for clear conceptual and theoretical grounds to enable a complete and integrated explanation of social phenomena. With this innovative approach, the paper invites scholars to engage critically with G-STOC and explore its potential to unify and enhance the study of the social world, offering new insights about its complexities.
Challenges and Way-out of Transforming Digital Bangladesh to Smart Bangladesh: An Empirical Study
Authors: Amin Md. Ruhul
Published: October 2024

The shift from Digital Bangladesh to Smart Bangladesh signifies a noteworthy development in Bangladesh’s technology environment, mirroring goals for a thorough digital overhaul. This essay explores the difficulties that arose throughout this shift and suggests some viable alternatives to clear the path. The digital divide, cybersecurity risks, governance concerns, and infrastructure limitations are among the major obstacles that are identified by means of a thorough examination of regulatory frameworks, technology infrastructure, and socioeconomic aspects. Additionally, it investigates how these difficulties may affect Bangladesh’s vision for a Smart Bangladesh’s goals of achievement. In order to successfully address these difficulties, the study provides strategic suggestions based on empirical facts and insights from the current literature. These include building inclusive digital governance, bolstering cybersecurity precautions, encouraging innovation ecosystems, and improving digital infrastructure. Bangladesh may speed its road towards a genuinely smart and inclusive society and overcome obstacles to its digital transformation by putting these proposals into practice. Through practical observations and suggestions for overcoming obstacles in the transition from Digital Bangladesh to Smart Bangladesh, this study adds to the conversation on digital development.
Changing aspects of Indian culture: A Sociological Perspective
Authors: Ronad Iranna
Published: October 2024

Indian culture is a rich tapestry of traditions, beliefs, and practices that have evolved over centuries. However, like any other culture, Indian culture is not static. It undergoes constant change due to various factors such as globalization, urbanization, technological advancements, and socio-economic transformations. This study aims to analyze the changing aspects of Indian culture from a sociological perspective, with a focus on the impact of these changes on organizations and social systems. By delving into Indian society, religion, culture, and social change, this article seeks to contribute new insights to the existing knowledge on Indian culture. Indian culture is deeply rooted in its ancient history, diverse religious beliefs, and regional traditions. It encompasses a wide range of practices, including language, art, music, dance, cuisine, clothing, and social norms. The cultural diversity within India is immense, with each region having its own distinct customs and traditions. This diversity is a testament to the rich heritage of the country. The changing aspects of Indian culture have a significant impact on organizations and social systems. This study provides a sociological perspective on the evolving nature of Indian culture, highlighting the influence of globalization, urbanization, and technological advancements. By analyzing these changes, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of Indian society and contribute to the existing knowledge on Indian culture. It is crucial for individuals, organizations, and policymakers to adapt to these changes and embrace cultural diversity to foster a harmonious and inclusive society.