bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLOS, EIXOS E ZONAS: CIDADES E ORDENAMENTO TERRITORIAL NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Cordeiro da Trindade Júnior Saint-Clair , Do Vale Madeira Welbson
Published: July 2016

Uma fase de rápida ocupação do território foi inaugurada a partir da década de 1960 na Amazônia. A presença de empresários, especuladores e migrantes, mediados por ações intencionais do Estado, definiu uma nova forma de ocupação territorial para a região. As estratégias de ação se basearam em pelo menos três tipos principais de ordenamento do território. Não obstante a continuidade existente entre eles, expressam-se em diferentes geometrias do desenvolvimento: os pontos (polos de crescimento), as linhas (eixos de integração) e as zonas (zoneamento ecológico-ecomico). Considerando esses diferentes arranjos territoriais, o artigo busca considerar o papel assumido pelas cidades em cada uma dessas estratégias de desenvolvimento regional, de forma a mostrar mudanças e continuidades que se fazem presentes na história regional recentente da Amazônia
DESAFIOS PARA O PLANEJAMENTO E A GESTÃO METROPOLITANOS NA AMAZÔNIA: UMA ABORDAGEM INTRODUTÓRIA
Authors: Lúcia Zagury Tourinho Helena , Lima da Silva Marlon
Published: July 2016

Até a Constituição Brasileira de 1988, cabia à União a atribuição de criar regiões metropolitanas no país. Com a transferência de tal responsabilidade para os Estados pela Carta Magna, uma série de novas regiões metropolitanas foi instituída, seguindo critérios diversos e respondendo a interesses bastante variados. A Amazônia, que possuía apenas a Região Metropolitana de Belém, criada em 1973 com dois municípios, hoje conta com nove regiões metropolitanas bastante diversificadas em termos demográficos, socioeconômicos e geográficos, abrangendo 69 municípios. Em janeiro de 2015, com o advento do Estatuto da Metrópole (Lei Federal 13.089/2015), um conjunto de obrigações foi imposto aos Estados e municípios metropolitanos, dentre os quais os de: definição das funções públicas de interesse comum; estabelecimento de sistema de governança interfederativa com participação da sociedade civil; e elaboração e implantação do Plano de Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado. O presente artigo visa a introduzir o debate sobre o planejamento, a gestão e a execução das funções públicas de interesse comum metropolitano nas regiões metropolitanas formalmente instituídas na região com base no Estatuto da Metrópole. Após apresentar o conceito de região metropolitana, traça um breve histórico sobre a institucionalização das regiões metropolitanas no Brasil e na Amazônia e mostra as mudanças recentes no arcabouço jurídico nacional. Por fim, apresenta as principais determinações do Estatuto da Metrópole e suas implicações para os estados e municípios metropolitanos amazônicos
Educação Patrimonial: a “Ponte” entre os Centros de Memória e os Jovens
Authors: Fenalti Naiani Machado da Silva , Padoin Maria Medianeira
Published: July 2016

O presente estudo reflete sobre as ações de educação patrimonial nos centros de memória e a importância da parceria constante entre os centros de memória e as instituições educacionais para alcançar o objetivo final de interação entre o público visitante e os centros de memória. Além disso, a pesquisa percebe a educação patrimonial como a ponte necessária, quando bem implementada, para a interação do público jovem com os centros de memória.Palavras-chave: Educação patrimonial, preservação, interação e cultura.AbstractThis study reflects about the actions of heritage education in memory centers and the importance of the continued partnership between the memory centers and educational institutions to achieve the ultimate goal of interaction between the visitors and the memory centers. Besides, the research realizes the heritage education as a necessary bridge, when well implemented, for the interaction of young people with the memory centers.Keywords: Heritage Education, preservation, interaction and culture.
Geração de produção, emprego e remunerações nas indústrias do açúcar e do álcool em 2000 e 2009
Authors: Martins Helder Henrique , Shikida Pery Francisco Assis , Sesso Filho Umberto Antonio , Gimenes Régio Marcio Toesca , Calvo Juan Carlos Ayala
Published: July 2016

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a evolução das Indústrias do Açúcar e do Álcool em termos de produção, emprego e remunerações de 2000 e 2009. Para isso, foi utilizado a metodologia da Matriz Insumo-Produto para estimar os geradores e os multiplicadores para ambos os anos de análise. Os resultados mostraram que a Indústria do Açúcar viu seus multiplicadores de produção, emprego e remunerações cair de 2000 para 2009. A Indústria do Álcool apresentou sensível aumento no multiplicador de produção devido ao ainda aquecido mercado de carros flex, mas viu cair os demais multiplicadores. A queda dos multiplicadores de emprego e remunerações foi ocasionada principalmente pela descoberta do pré-sal em 2007, que contribuiu para que o Brasil deixasse de realizar políticas voltadas para o mercado de etanol e focasse novamente no combustível fóssil.Palavras-chave: Matriz insumo-produto; indústria do açúcar; indústria do álcool.ABSTRACTThis research aims to analyze the evolution of Sugar and Alcohol Industries in terms of production, employment and remuneration in 2000 and 2009. For this, it was used the Input-Output Matrix methodology to estimate the generators and multipliers for both years of analysis. The results showed that the Sugar Industry saw its production, employment and remuneration multipliers fall of 2000 to 2009. The Alcohol Industry showed sensible increase in production multiplier due to the still heated flex car market, but saw falling the other multipliers. The fall of the employment and remuneration multipliers was mainly caused by the discovery of “pré-sal” in 2007, which contributed to the Brazil failed to make policies for the ethanol market, focusing again in fossil fuel.Keywords: Input-Output matrix; sugar industry; alcohol industry.
Diagnóstico do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos da construção civil-RCC no município de Palmas-TO com foco nas ações públicas
Authors: Brito Fernanda Marinetto e , Picanço Aurélio Pessôa
Published: July 2016

Este artigo científico aborda o tema dos resíduos sólidos da construção Civil, com foco nas políticas públicas adotadas pelo município de Palmas – TO, para o atendimento da Lei nº 12.305 de 02 de Agosto de 2010, que institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. A implantação do Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos pode reduzir problemas desde a geração dos RCC – Resíduos Sólidos da Construção Civil, bem como o transporte, tratamentos e disposição final. Com a avaliação do andamento da implantação da política nacional no município de Palmas, percebeu-se que o Plano existe e esta sendo colocado em prática seguindo as recomendações do desenvolvimento sustentável e respeitando a política vigente. A metodologia utilizada é a exploratória descritiva, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.Palavras-Chave: Construção Civil, Gerenciamento de Resíduos, Entulho, RCC.ABSTRACTThis paper scientific discusses the theme solid waste of construction , with a focus at the public policies adopted by the municipality of Palmas-TO, for the attendance of law No. 12,305 of August 2, 2010, establishing the national solid waste policy. The deployment of the management solid waste plan can reduce problems since the generation of RCC – solid waste of construction civil, as well as carriage, treatments and end disposal.With the assessment of progress of the implementation of the national policy in the municipality of Palmas, it was noticed that the plan exists and is being placed into practice by following the recommendations of the sustainable development and respecting the existing policy. The methodology used  is the exploratory descriptive, from bibliographical research and documentary.Keywords: construction, management waste, rubbish, RCC
The thermodynamics of collapsars
Authors: Marshall Trevor W.
Published: July 2016

This article argues that there is a consistent description of gravitationally collapsed bodies, including neutron stars above the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff mass and also supermassive galactic centres, according to which collapse stops before the object reaches its gravitational radius, the density reaching a maximum close to the surface and then decreasing towards the centre. Models for such shell-like objects have been constructed using classic formulations found in the 1939 articles of Oppenheimer-Volkoff and Oppenheimer-Snyder. It was possible to modify the conclusions of the first article by changing the authors’ boundary conditions at r = 0. In the second case we find that the authors’ solution of the field equations needs no changes, but that the choice of their article’s title led many of their successors to believe that it supports the black-hole hypothesis. However, it is easily demonstrated that their final density distribution accords with the shell models found in our articles. Because black holes, according to many formulations, "have no hair", their thermodynamics is rather simple. The kind of collapsar which our models describe are more like main-sequence stars; they have spatiotemporal distributions of pressure, density and temperature, that is they have hair. In this article we shall concentrate on the dynamics of the Oppenheimer-Snyder collapsar; both pressure and temperature are everywhere zero, so there can be no thermodynamics. Only in the time independent case of Oppenheimer-Volkoff type models is it currently feasible to consider some thermodynamic implications; here some valuable new insights are obtained through the incorporation of the Oppenheimer-Snyder dynamics.
Vitamin D, not iron, is the main nutrient deﬁciency in pre-school and school-aged children in Mexico City: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Toussaint-Martinez de Castro Georgina
Published: July 2016

Abstract Introduction: In 2012, the Mexican National Health Survey showed a moderate prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency, around 16%, in a national representative sample of children. A decreasing prevalence of anemia during the last 15 years has been observed in Mexico. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of vitamin D in children 3–8 years old in four different locations within the metropolitan area of Mexico City and to compare them to levels of iron and zinc as references of nutritional status.Methods: One hundred and seventeen healthy children aged 3–8 years attending four hospitals in Mexico City were invited to participate. All children received medical and nutritional evaluation, and blood samples were obtained.Results: Children were selected in the four hospitals between April and August 2008. More than half (51.3%) were boys; their average age was 5.5 ± 1.6 years. The mean height and weight of the children were 112.1 ± 11.2 cm and 20.2 ± 4.9 kg respectively, with a body mass index [BMI] of 15.8 ± 1.7 kg/m². The mean Z-score (BMI) was 0.007 ± 0.999. The prevalence of subjects with deficient levels of 25-OH-vitamin D (<50 nmol/l) was 24.77%. None of the children had haemoglobin levels below the anaemia threshold, and zinc determination revealed 8.26% of individuals with deficient levels (<65 µg/dL). These data confirm the findings reported in the latest National Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2012) about the sustained reduction of anaemia prevalence among preschool and schoolchildren since 1999 and the rising rates of vitamin D deficiency in the same population. Similar to other studies, we found a link between socioeconomic status and the deficiency of micronutrients, these being markers of better nutrition, and vitamin D is remarkably related to the quality of the diet. This finding has not been considered in our population before.Conclusions: There is evidence of a sustained decrease of anaemia in Mexican children due to general enrichment of foods and focus on vulnerable populations, while vitamin D deficiency seems to have increased. More studies are needed to obtain more information on vitamin D levels at different ages and definition of susceptible groups in order to investigate the possibility of general population measures such as enrichment, which have proven to be effective.
Alteraciones en el rendimiento físico de escolares: los Test Cafra y Navette y su asociación con la obesidad y riesgo cardiometabólico
Authors: Campos Jara Christian , Delgado Floody Pedro , Caamaño Navarrete Felipe , Guzmán Guzmán Iris , Cesp Barría Mauricio , Jerez Mayorga Daniel , Alarcón Hormazábal Manuel , Osorio Poblete Aldo
Published: July 2016

Antecedentes: la prevalencia de obesidad infantil ha aumentado considerablemente en Chile y el mundo, presentando asociación negativa con el rendimiento físico. Objetivo: el propósito del estudio fue determinar el rendimiento físico en escolares y asociarlos a los niveles de sobrepeso, obesidad y riesgo cardiometabólico.Material y métodos: 342 escolares, entre 11 y 16 años de edad, participaron del estudio, un 44,2% correspondió a mujeres y un 55,8% a hombres. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: peso, índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de masa grasa, contorno cintura, razón cintura estatura, Test de salto largo, Test de abdominales, Test de flexo-extensiones de brazo, Test de Cafra y Test de Navette.Resultados: s e observó que los escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad (48,3%) mostraron un incremento significativo en las medidas antropométricas, así como una disminución en todas las variables que determinan rendimiento físico. En el análisis de los Test de Cafra y Navette, se observó que la presencia de la alteración de al menos uno de ellos se asoció con riesgo cardiometabólico (OR= 9,29, p<0,001), mientras que la presencia de la alteración de los dos test se asocia fuertemente con la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad (OR = 11,8, p = 0,003) y con riesgo cardiometabólico (OR = 30, 1, p<0,001).Conclusión: Los escolares con obesidad presentaron disminución en todas las variables que determinaron el rendimiento físico y fue la alteración capacidad cardiorrespiratoria medida a través de los Test de Cafra y Navette los que presentaron mayor asociación y significativa con el sobrepeso, obesidad y riesgo cardiometabólico.
Asociación de los indicadores antropométricos y de composición corporal en la predicción de la resistencia a la insulina en pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias
Authors: Vila Nova Larissa Pessoa
Published: July 2016

Introducción: en los últimos años la importancia de identificar la resistencia a la insulina (RI) en pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares isquémicas viene siendo debatida. Métodos alternativos, como los indicadores antropométricos y de composición corporal, han sido señalados como una buena opción y contribuyen para identificar anomalías metabólicas y prevenir complicaciones.Objetivo: asociar indicadores antropométricos y de composición corporal como predictores de la resistencia a la insulina (RI) en pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias.Métodos: estudio transversal realizado en el hospital de referencia cardiológica de Pernambuco, en el periodo de junio a septiembre de 2014, con pacientes adultos y ancianos hospitalizados, de ambos sexos. Se verificaron los siguientes parámetros: estilo de vida, la presencia del síndrome metabólico (SM) y otras comorbilidades. Se analizó la RI por el cálculo del HOMA-IR. Los pacientes se sometieron a la impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) y a las verificaciones antropométricas.Resultados: la muestra fue constituida por 75 pacientes con edad media de 63,75 ± 12,43 años, con un 64% de ancianos. Se encontró el diagnóstico de SM en el 65,3% de los pacientes, el 81,3% de sedentarios y el 37,4% con exceso de peso. Se diagnosticó la RI en el 28% de los pacientes. Se observó correlación entre el HOMA-IR y el diámetro abdominal sagital (DAS) (r = 0,476; p = 0,016), el índice de masa corporal (r = 0,233; p = 0,040) y el porcentual de grasa corporal (r = 0,276; p = 0,016).Conclusión: el DAS fue el indicador antropométrico que presentó mejor correlación con la RI en pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias hospitalizados.
Valoración del riesgo cardiovascular después de gastrectomía vertical: comparativa del IMC, la adiposidad, el índice de Framingham y el índice aterogénico como marcadores del éxito de la cirugía
Authors: Zubiaga Lorea
Published: July 2016

Introducción y objetivo: el IMC puede resultar engañoso para ciertas complexiones corporales, por lo que se han propuesto otros parámetros como la adiposidad (calculada a través de fórmula CUN-BAE,) el índice de Framingham de riesgo cardiovascular (IF) y el índice aterogénico (IA) (rCT/HDL-c) como predictores de riesgo cardiovascular. Se propone comparar estos factores como marcadores de éxito terapéutico tras cirugía en pacientes obesos sometidos a gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica (GVL) como procedimiento de cirugía bariátrica.Material y métodos: realizamos un estudio observacional prospectivo de pacientes sometidos a GVL y con un periodo de seguimiento mínimo de 1 año. Analizamos la evolución de IMC, adiposidad, IF e IA.Resultados: analizamos 140 pacientes. El IMC preoperatorio fue de 49,1 kg/m2, con una adiposidad del 54,8%, un IF 7,54% y un IA de 4,2. A los 12 meses el IMC era de 28,4 kg/m2, con una adiposidad del 39,4%, un IF del 3,7% y un IA de 1,64. En función de estos resultados, a los 12 meses el IMC medio está en rango de sobrepeso, la adiposidad en niveles de obesidad (obesidad: > 25% en hombres y > 35% en mujeres), el IF en rango de riesgo cardiovascular bajo (< 5%) y el IA dentro del rango de normalidad (< 3). Correlacionando estos parámetros observamos que el IMC se correlaciona con la adiposidad tanto en valores preoperatorios (Pearson 0,486; p = 0,004), posoperatorios (Pearson 0,957; p < 0,001), como en la diferencia entre ambos (Pearson 0,606; p = 0,017), lo cual es lógico, porque el IMC se incluye en la fórmula CUN-BAE para el cálculo de la adiposidad. En los valores posoperatorios se objetiva una correlación de la adiposidad con el IF (Pearson 0,814, p = 0,036) y con el IA (Pearson 0,517; p = 0,049). En los valores preoperatorios no se objetivan dichas correlaciones. El IMC no se correlacionó con la adiposidad.Conclusión: la adiposidad se correlaciona con índices de riesgo cardiovascular, como el índice de Framingham o el índice aterogénico, pero solo en las determinaciones posoperatorias. Estos elementos suponen herramientas útiles para valorar la disminución del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular después de cirugía bariátrica.
Overweight and the use of psychiatric drugs in patients with mental disorders attended at psychosocial care center, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
Authors: Dos Santos Marize Melo
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Psychopharmacology brought numerous benefits to people with mental disorders, although undesirable side effects have arisen, including weight gain.Objective: Identify the overweight frequency in individuals with mental disorders and its relation with the use of psychiatric drugs.  Material and methods: Cross-sectional study with patients with mental disorders of both sexes, older than 18 years. Body Mass Index (BMI) used to diagnose overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2). Chi-square test of Pearson (c²) and Poisson regression were used for analytical statistics for association between variables.Results and discussion: the study involved 109 individuals. Overweight was found in 70.7% of the study population, 29.4% presented pre-obesity, 26.6% were obese class I, 8.3%, obese class II, and 6.4% obese grade III (morbid). The overweight prevalence was significantly higher among patients who used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants (PR = 1,42, 95% CI 1,12 to 1,80, p = 0,004), typical antipsychotics (PR = 1,43, 95% CI 1,13 to 1,80, p = 0,003), atypical antipsychotics (PR = 1,24, 95% CI 1,01 to 1,54, p = 0,045) and benzodiazepines (PR = 1,37, 95% CI 1,10 to 1,71, p = 0,004) when compared to those who used tricycle antidepressants ((PR=1,20, 95% CI 0,93 to 1,54, p=0,153) and mood stabilizers (PR=1,09, 95% IC 0,88 to 1,35, p=0,416) .Conclusion: High prevalence of overweight significantly higher among patients who used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, typical and atypical antipsychotics and benzodiazepines.
Efectos de la suplementación de omega-3 y entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad en el rendimiento físico, presión arterial y composición corporal en individuos sedentarios con sobrepeso
Authors: Peñailillo Escarate Luis
Published: July 2016

Introducción: el entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) y el consumo de ácidos grasos omega-3 (O3) ha demostrado cada uno por separado aumentar la capacidad aeróbica, metabolismo oxidativo y función cardiovascular.Objetivo: examinar el efecto combinado de HIIT más suplementación de O3 en el rendimiento físico, presión arterial y composición corporal en jóvenes sedentarios.Método: 28 jóvenes sedentarios con sobrepeso (Edad=22 ± 4 años; IMC=25.8 ± 2.4 kg·m-2) fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos: grupo O3/HIIT (n=7) realizó un protocolo de HIIT, tres veces por semana durante seis semanas y consumió 2 g·día-1 de O3; grupo HIIT (n=7) realizó solo el HIIT; grupo O3 (n=7) solo consumió O3; y grupo CONTROL (n=7) que no realizó ninguna intervención. Consumo de oxígeno peak (VO2peak), velocidad máxima (Vmax), presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (PAS y PAD), y porcentaje de grasa fueron medidos antes y después de la intervención.Resultados: el consumo de oxígeno peak aumentó más en el grupo O3/HIIT (+10.9%) en comparación con HIIT, O3 y CONTROL. Velocidad máxima aumentó en O3/HIIT (+7.1%) y HIIT (+11.9%). La presión arterial sistólica disminuyó más en O3 (-6.8%) en comparación con O3/HIIT, HIIT y CONTROL. Por último, O3/HIIT (-19.2%), HIIT (-20.2%), y O3 (-15.2%) presentaron mayores disminuciones del porcentaje de masa grasa en relación al CONTROL.Conclusión: nuestros resultados sugieren un efecto potenciador de la capacidad aeróbica máxima producto de la combinación de HIIT y suplementación de O3. Además, se observó una disminución de masa grasa en todos los grupos intervenidos.
Ingesta dietética de pacientes adultos con esofagitis eosinofílica que siguen una dieta de exclusión de seis grupos de alimentos
Authors: Higuera-Pulgar Isabel
Published: July 2016

Introducción: la esofagitis eosinofílica (EEo) es una enfermedad inmunoalérgica crónica emergente en adultos. Surge como respuesta disfuncional frente a los antígenos de los alimentos y se caracteriza por síntomas recurrentes de disfunción esofágica e inflamación. El tratamiento farmacológico y dietético se basa en su patogénesis y debe ser individualizado. Uno de los posibles abordajes dietéticos se basa en la eliminación empírica de alimentos que con mayor frecuencia causan EEo.Objetivo: evaluar la ingesta dietética de los pacientes con EEo que siguen la dieta de exclusión de los seis grupos de alimentos (DESGA) y conocer sus posibles carencias nutricionales.Métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo en un grupo de pacientes con EEo que inició tratamiento con DESGA durante el periodo de marzo de 2013 hasta marzo de 2015. Se evaluó la ingesta mediante registro de 72 horas. Se compararon los resultados con las referencias para población adulta sana española (23). Para el análisis estadístico se usaron los test de Mann-Whitney, Krhuskall-Wallis y Chi-cuadrado. Significación p < 0,05.Resultados: se incluyeron en el estudio 14 pacientes. En algunos de ellos, la ingesta dietética siguiendo DESGA fue deficitaria en energía, proteínas y fibra. Tampoco consiguieron cubrir las ingestas de micronutrientes de calcio, zinc, magnesio, ácido fólico, niacina y vitaminas B2 y D, teniendo en cuenta edad y sexo, el 60% de la muestra. Conclusiones: el abordaje terapéutico mediante DESGA, teniendo en cuenta las características de la dieta, debe acompañarse de una evaluación periódica del estado nutricional, que incluya micronutrientes y una pauta de suplementación específica.
Diagnóstico y tratamiento del hábito tabáquico en pacientes con EPOC. Estudio ADEPOCLE
Authors: De Abajo Larriba Ana Beatriz , Díaz Rodríguez Ángel , González-Gallego Javier , Méndez Rodríguez Enrique , Álvarez Álvarez María Jesús , Capón Álvarez Jessica , Peleteiro Cobo Beatriz , Mahmoud Atoui Omar , De Abajo Olea Serafín , Martínez de Mandojana Hernández Juan
Published: July 2016

Introducción: estimar la prevalencia del tabaquismo y analizar cómo se diagnostican y se trata a los fumadores diagnosticados de EPOC.Métodos: estudio epidemiológico, transversal, multicéntrico (30 centros salud de la provincia de León). Incluyó pacientes mayores de 35 años diagnosticados y tratados de EPOC. Variables analizadas: edad, sexo, hábitat, datos antropométricos, tabaquismo, número de paquetes/año, cooximetría, dependencia (escala analógico-visual), motivación (test de Fagerström), autoeficacia, estado anímico, intentos previos, terapia cognitivo-conductual, tratamiento farmacológico (TSN, bupropión, vareniclina) y recaídas. Los resultados se expresan con sus IC al 95,5%.Resultados: se incluyó a 833 pacientes, el 85,8% varones, edad media: 64,69 (53,66-75,61) años y 20,65 (4,47-36,8) años de evolución de la EPOC. El 86,67% (80,30-93,30) tenían antecedentes de tabaquismo (n = 722), de 35,26 (17,87-52,64) años de evolución, con consumo medio 28,36 (9,60-46,86) paquetes año, p < 0,001, siendo el 58% fumadores severos. El 57,4% (53,90-60,60) son exfumadores. El 29,3% (26,40-32,70) fumadores activos declarados vs. 35,11% (33,90-37,12) fumadores diagnosticados por cooximetría p < 0,05. Los 288 fumadores activos, presentaban baja motivación (49,80%), alta dependencia (49,5%), actitud negativa (52,60%), bajo estado de ánimo (32,05%), con 2,72 (1,74-3,67) intentos para dejar de fumar, p < 0,0001. La terapia conductivo-conductual (TCC) combinado con tratamiento farmacológico se realizó en el 55,8% (52,2-54,9), p < 0,05; La intervención más efectiva fue TCC combinada con vareniclina logrando una abstinencia del 29,86%. En total dejaron de fumar un 51,05% (49,49-52,70) de los pacientes con EPOC, p < 0,001.Conclusiones: la prevalencia de tabaquismo en la EPOC en nuestro medio continúa siendo inadmisiblemente elevada. Es necesaria una mayor implicación para disminuir su impacto en la salud de estos pacientes.
Defi ciencia clínica de vitamina A tras bypass gástrico. Descripción de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Vales Montero Marta
Published: July 2016

La deficiencia de vitamina A es infrecuente en los países desarrollados. La cirugía bariátrica constituye un factor de riesgo de deficiencia de esta vitamina. Se han descrito varios casos en pacientes sometidos a técnicas con un importante componente malabsortivo, como la derivación biliopancreática. En este artículo se describe un caso de deficiencia clínica de vitamina A con manifestaciones oculares y cutáneas tras bypass gástrico y se revisan las publicaciones sobre este tema y las recomendaciones para la prevención de esta importante complicación.
Implementasi Audiobook Islami Sebagai Media Pelatihan Berdakwah Muslim Tunanetra
Authors: Handayani Maya Rini , Abdullah Asep Dadang , Hidayanti Ema
Published: July 2016

Blind Muslims have the same obligations as other non-disabled muslims to spread Islam. Surely the method, the maddah and the media of da’wa that can be used must be adapted to the disabilities Muslim.

This problem led the team to propose creating Islamic audiobooks or buku bersuara along with the training for disabled muslim. This program divided into several activities such as making of storyboard, recording, testing, editing of the audiobook, and some of trainings namely listening the Islamic audiobook, making of maddah da’wa, and training of gesture. The benefits of these program for blind people are: (1) to make it easier for learning to spread da’wa using Islamic audiobook, (2) simplify them to choose the best da'wa technique, (3) to make it easier of understanding about the maddah of da’wa, (4) to make it easier in choosing media of da’wa, (5) to help in improving intonation and gestures.

 

Muslim tunanetra mempunyai kewajiban yang sama seperti muslim awas lainnya dalam menyampaikan dakwah. Tentunya metode, materi dan media dakwah yang digunakan harus disesuaikan dengan kemampuan muslim tunanetra.

Permasalahan ini membuat tim pengabdi menciptakan sebuah audiobook (buku bersuara) Islami beserta pelatihan penggunaan untuk tunanetra muslim. Pengabdian ini dibagi menjadi beberapa kegiatan seperti pembuatan storyboard, perekaman, pengujian, pengeditan audiobook dan beberapa pelatihan seperti mendengarkan audiobook Islami yang telah dibuat, membuat maddah dakwah dan pelatihan gestur.

Manfaat yang dapat diperoleh calon dai tunanetra dengan adanya pelatihan audiobook ini adalah 1) mempermudah dalam berdakwah sebab file audiobook Islami dapat diputar dan didengar kapanpun dan dimanapun, 2) mempermudah dalam memilih teknik berdakwah yang baik dan benar sesuai dengan kemampuan dan keterbatasan yang dimiliki, 3) mempermudah proses pemahaman akan bagaimana memilih maddah keagamaan yang sesuai dengan kondisi mad’u , 4) mempermudah untuk memilih media dakwah  dan 5) membantu dalam memperbaiki intonasi dan gestur  dalam berdakwah.
Design Ratio-Memory Cellular Neural Network (RMCNN) in CMOS Circuit Used in Association-Memory Applications for 0.25 mm Silicon Technology
Authors: Lai Jui-Lin , Wu Chung-Yu
Published: July 2016

The paper is proposed the Ratio-Memory Cellular Neural Network (RMCNN) that structure with the self-feedback and the modified Hebbian learning algorithm. The learnable RMCNN architecture was designed and realized in CMOS technology for associative memory neural network applications. The exemplar patterns can be learned and correctly recognized the output patterns for the proposed system. Only self-output pixel value in A template and B template weights are updated by the nearest neighboring five elements for all test input exemplar patterns. The learned ratio weights of the B template are generated that the catch weights are performed the summation of absolute coefficients operation to enhance the feature of recognized pattern. Simulation results express that the system can be learned some exemplar patterns with noise and recognized the correctly pattern. The 9×9 RMCNN structure with self-feedback and the modified Hebbian learning algorithm is implemented and verified in the CMOS circuits for TSMC 0.25 µm 1P5M VLSI technology. The proposed RMCNN have more learning and recognition capability for the variant exemplar patterns in the auto-associative memory neural system applications.
Nanocontact Printing of Aminosilane for Bio-Device Fabrications
Authors: Lam Kai-Yuen , Huang Fon-Shan , Chen L. W.
Published: July 2016

Nanocontact printing using hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) soft stamps is studied for nanobio device fabrications in this work. The stamps with designed linewidth 80-200 nm were fabricated by low-dose e-beam lithography on HSQ films. The contact printing technique by using aminosilane as the ink on O2plasma treated HSQ/Si substrates was developed. The plasma treatment, stamping force and stamping time were manipulated, and afterwards the transferred patterns were examined by the utilization of atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope. Experimental results demonstrate that the nano-features on the HSQ stamps can be successfully transferred onto the substrates and passed a 3M tape peeling test under specific conditions in the range of 100-200 W O2plasma treatment for 30 s. Nanolines with printed linewidth 97-205 nm were obtained. The nanopatterning of an antibody affinipure goat anti-mouse IgG(H+L) was also demonstrated onto the transferred aminosilane pattern surfaces for bio-device fabrication.
Particle Disease: A Current Review of the Biological Mechanisms in Periprosthetic Osteolysis After Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Sukur Erhan , Akman Yunus Emre , Ozturkmen Yusuf , Kucukdurmaz Fatih
Published: July 2016

Background:

Inflammatory responses to wear debris cause osteolysis that leads to aseptic prosthesis loosening and hip arthroplasty failure. Although osteolysis is usually associated with aseptic loosening, it is rarely seen around stable implants. Aseptic implant loosening is a simple radiologic phenomenon, but a complex immunological process. Particulate debris produced by implants most commonly causes osteolysis, and this is called particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO).

Objective:

The objective of this review is to outline the features of particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis to allow the physician to recognise this condition and commence early treatment, thereby optimizing patient outcome.

Methods:

A thorough literature search was performed using available databases, including Pubmed, to cover important research published covering particle-associated PPO.

Results:

Although osteolysis causes bone resorption, clinical, animal, andin vitrostudies of particle bioreactivity suggest that particle-associated PPO represents the culmination of several biological reactions of many cell types, rather than being caused solely by the osteoclasts. The biological activity is highly dependent on the characteristics and quantity of the wear particles.

Conclusion:

Despite advances in total hip arthroplasty (THA), particle-associated PPO and aseptic loosening continue to be major factors that affect prosthetic joint longevity. Biomarkers could be exploited as easy and objective diagnostic and prognostic targets that would enable testing for osteolysis after THA. Further research is needed to identify new biomarkers in PPO. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms is crucial for developing new therapeutic interventions to reverse or suppress biological responses to wear particles.
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Undergoing Major Hip Surgeries at a Single Institution: A Prospective Study
Authors: Yamanaka Yasuhiro , Ito Hiroshi
Published: July 2016

Background:

Venous thoromboembolism (VTE) is one of the most significant complications after hip surgeries. Many studies have been reported about the incidence of VTE after THA, but a small number of reports were found concerning Periacetabular osteotomy, Revision THA and Surgery for hip fracture postoperatively. Furthermore, there exists no comparative study of the incidence of VTE among major hip surgeries at a single institution. We reported the incidence of VTE among hip surgeries performed at a single institution.

Methods:

A total of 820 Hip surgeries were performed at same institution. The procedures included 420 hips that underwent primary total hip arthroplasties (THA), 91 revision or removal of total hip arthroplasties (Revision THA), 144 periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) and 165 surgery for hip fracture (SHF) between 2006 and 2012. VTE was detected by Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) that scanned 768 cases and by ultrasound that scanned 52cases postoperative 10-14 days.

Results:

The overall incidence of VTE was 12.2% (100 of 820). The incidence of VTE after THA was 13.1% (55 of 420), Revision THA was 13.2% (12 of 91), PAO was 2.1% (3 of 144) and SHF was 18.1% (30 of 165). The incidence of VTE was significantly higher in SHF than in PAO.

Conclusion:

This data indicates that the incidence of VTE after PAO is significantly lower than SHF and relatively lower than THA and Revision THA. A younger age and non-invasion of the bone marrow of the femur may have affected the result. Prophylaxis therapy was effective especially on SHF.
Novas tecnologias, riscos e oportunidades na perspetiva das crianças
Authors: Monteiro Ana Francisca , Osório António José
Published: July 2016

Assumindo que as crianças são agentes sociais ativos que constroem as suas próprias culturas, esta pesquisa pretendeu compreender as suas perspetivas acerca do papel que as novas tecnologias, em particular a Internet, têm nas suas vidas. Tomou ainda como vertentes específicas os riscos, os desafios de segurança e as oportunidades que o uso de tecnologias digitais pode ou não representar, a partir do ponto de vista das crianças e da dimensão social do fenómeno tecnológico, ou seja, da forma como desenvolvimento tecnológico e práticas sociais se inter-relacionam e constroem mutuamente. Com base numa investigação etnográfica, são aqui retratadas as culturas ‘digitais’ que as crianças estão a construir e as reinterpretações que fazem dos conceitosde risco, segurança e oportunidade. Esta abordagem foca como este tipo de experiências são vividas quotidianamente, no contexto de estruturas socioculturais específicas. Palavras-chave: Crianças; Novas tecnologias; Riscos; Oportunidades
Políticas de aprendizagem ao longo da vida em Portugal: Controvérsias na esfera pública em torno da Iniciativa Novas Oportunidades (2005-2013)
Authors: Natal Ana Paula , Alves Mariana Gaio
Published: July 2016

Este artigo procura contribuir para uma compreensão mais aprofundada das políticas desenvolvidas em Portugal, a partir de 2005, em torno da ideia de aprendizagem  ao  longo  da  vida,  a  qual  foi  considerada  pelos  diversos Estados-membros da União Europeia como a melhor via para atingir os objetivos  da  Agenda  de  Lisboa.  Neste  contexto,  identificou-se  um protagonismo mediático assinalável das medidas e resultados associados à Iniciativa Novas Oportunidades, programa que teve como desígnio elevar o patamar de qualificação generalizada dos portugueses para o nível do ensino secundário. Tomando como objeto de estudo os textos publicados em três jornais – Expresso, Públicoe Correio da Manhã– no período entre 2005 e 2013, recorremos à análise do discurso para explorar a forma como a política de educação de adultos no âmbito da Iniciativa Novas Oportunidades foi interpretada na imprensa escrita portuguesa. Encontrámos uma diversidade de perspetivas e interesses em jogo que evidenciaram o forte impacto que a educação de adultos teve nos media, os pontos críticos desta política e os desafios que se colocam no âmbito da aprendizagem ao longo da vida.PALAVRAS-CHAVEAprendizagem  ao  longo  da  vida;  Iniciativa  Novas  Oportunidades; Media; Políticas de educação de adultos ABSTRACTThis article seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the policiespursued in Portugal, since 2005, around the idea of lifelong learning, whichwas considered by the various Member States of the European Union as the  best way to meet the Lisbon Strategy. Within this framework, a considerable prominence of the measures and results associated with the Iniciativa Novas Oportunidades[New Opportunities Initiative] – a program designed to raise the Portuguese population’s level of qualifications to the secondary-school level – was identified in the media. Taking as object of study the texts published in three national newspapers – Expresso, Públicoand Correio da Manhã– in the period between 2005 and 2013, and using discourse analysis, we analysed how the policy on adult education within the Iniciativa Novas Oportunidades was interpreted in the Portuguese newspapers. We have found a diversity of perspectives and interests at stake, showing the strong impact that the adult education had in the media, the critical points of this policy and challenges to be faced within lifelong learning. KEYWORDSLifelong learning; Iniciativa Novas Oportunidades/New Opportunities Initiative; Media; Adult education policies
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN PROSES DENGAN MEDIA GAMBAR DI SDN 3 SAKRA
Authors: Azmussya’ni Azmussya’ni , Wangid Muhammad Nur
Published: July 2016

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa dengan menerapkan pendekatan proses dengan media gambar di kelas II SDN 3 Sakra Lombok Timur NTB. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IIB yang berjumlah 28 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Instrument yang digunkan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi dan tes unjuk kerja menulis. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pendekatan proses dengan media gambar dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa kelas II SDN 3 Sakra Lombok Timur NTB. Peningkatan tersebut diketahui berdasarkan hasil observasi dan nilai hasil tes siswa. Hasil observasi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan, yaitu pada siklus I indikator yang terlaksana 18 dari 28 indikator yang dinilai (Sedang), kemudian pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 24 indikator dari 28 indikator yang dinilai (Baik). Berdasarkan hasil tes keterampilan menulis siswa, persentase pada pratindakan 63%, meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 68,3%, dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 75%, yang artinya bahwa ketuntasan klasikal siswa telah tercapai.
Kata kunci: Keterampilan menulis, pendekatan proses, media gambar
Original enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of chalcones: Utilization of hydrolase promiscuity
Authors: Mitrev Yavor , Mehandzhiyski Aleksander , Batovska Daniela , Liese Andreas , Galunsky Boris
Published: July 2016

E-chalcone was obtained with very high stereoselectivity for the first time
by an enzyme-catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt condensation between benzaldehyde and
acetophenone. From a set of lipases, only that from hog pancreas demonstrated
promiscuity, catalyzing the reaction in the presence of imidazole as a
promoter. Another enzyme, acylase from Aspergillus melleus (3.5.1.14) also
proved to be active in the synthesis of E-chalcone under the same reaction
conditions. This acylase along with the recombinant D-aminoacylase (3.5.1.81)
catalyzed also the reaction between acetophenone and p-nitrobenzaldehyde.
Such ?green? approach to synthesis of chalcones is of great interest, because
of their important applications as formula ingredients in pharmaceutical,
food and cosmetic industry.
Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the maxilla: A case report
Authors: Kiralj Aleksandar , Loncarevic Slobodan , Mijatov Ivana
Published: July 2016

Introduction. Bisphosphonates are a group of medications which have an important role in the treatment of some bone diseases. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a side effect of intravenous bisphosphonate therapy. The mechanism of action by which they may cause osteonecrosis is questionable. BRONJ is defined by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) and classified into four stages (0-3). Treatment of BRONJ depends on the stage of disease and includes conservative treatment (stage 0 and 1) and surgical treatment (surgical debridement in stage 2 and sequestrectomy in stage 3). Case report. We presented a patient who had breast cancer, with stage 3 of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the upper jaw after zoledronic acid therapy for diffuse metastasis of the vertebrae. Before the treatment with zoledronic acid the patient was treated by a dentist. The osteonecrosis of the upper jaw started a year and a half after the start of zoledronic acid therapy and after tooth 24 extraction. She was treated by an oral surgeon at the beginning according to the protocol of AAOMS. The patient was sent to a maxillofacial surgeon due to the disease progression, and after computed tomography (CT) examination resection of the upper jaw was done. Conclusion. BRONJ is a condition with the specific clinical presentation, and it can be very serious for the patient, therefore it is necessary to emphasize the importance of screening. The doctors in different specialties (oncologist, dentist, oral surgeon and maxillofacial surgeon) must cooperate and control the patients under treatment with bisphosphonates before the therapy starts, as well as during and after it, in order to prevent, recognize on time and treat properly this complication.
Comparative clinical evaluation of two different techniques of local anaesthesia in the posterior mandible using 4% articaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline
Authors: Marjanovic Uros , Jurisic Milan , Brkovic Bozidar , Jakovljevic Aleksandar , Milicic Biljana , Marjanovic Marjan , Ivanovic Julija
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim. Local infiltration anaesthesia (LIA) is significantly simpler compared to the inferior alveolar nerve block (IAB) and less unpleasant for patients. However, it is not efficient if used in posterior region of the mandible, at least with traditional local anaesthetics. The aim of this study was to compare anaesthetic efficacy of two techniques the LIA in the posterior segment of the mandible, and the IAB, using 4% articaine with 1 : 100,000 adrenaline and to note possible changes in haemodynamic parameters caused by these two techniques. Methods. Sixty pre-informed patients were divided into two study groups. Both groups received 1.8 mL of the same anaesthetic solution, 4% articaine with adrenaline 1 : 100,000, with two different techniques of local anaesthesia. The first group received the LIA in projection of root apex of the first lower molar; the second group received the IAB. The examined parameters were: changes in tooth sensitivity after 5 and 30 minutes in relation to the value recorded before administering the anaes-thetics, onset of anaesthesia, width of anaesthetic field, and duration of anaesthesia. Also, the impact of the applied techniques on cardiovascular parameters was noticed. Results. The LIA group had a statistically significant decrease in sensitivity 5 minutes after application of the local anaesthetic. The decreasing trend continued between 5 and 30 minutes, although without statistical significance. There was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity changes between two groups for the first molar and the first and second premolars. However, there was a statistically significant difference in duration of local anaesthesia in favour of the IAB, while the width of anaesthetic fields was significantly higher after the LIA. Significant changes in hemodynamic parameters were not recorded within the two groups. Conclusion. The effect of the LIA on tooth sensitivity of premolars and first molar is quite satisfactory. The IAB was more effective for canine and second molar. None of the tested techniques had any significant effect on the cardio-vascular parameters.
Psammoma bodies as signs of choroid plexus ageing: A morphometric analysis
Authors: Zivkovic Vladimir , Stanojkovic Milica , Antic Milorad
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim. Psammoma bodies (PB) are regarded as benign consequences of ageing in choroid plexus stroma. The aim of this study was to assess the morphometric characteristics of psammoma bodies of all four choroid plexuses during the ageing process. Our intention was to find the possible relations between psammoma bodies and choroid plexus and blood vessels parameters. Methods. This study was conducted on the material taken from 15 cadavers during routine autopsies. Tissue samples were collected from both lateral, third and forth ventricles? choroid plexus. Slices were stained with Mallory trichrome stains. In each image, we analyzed morphometrically the epithelium, blood vessels present and all the psammoma bodies. Results. With age, right choroid plexus surface density decreases (p < 0.05), while the psammoma bodies volume density increases (p < 0.05). A decrease in the blood vessels volume density was observed in the third ventricle?s choroid plexus (p < 0.05), as well as an age-related decrease in the psammoma bodies perimeter (p < 0.01). Not associated with ageing, the increase in psammoma bodies perimeter and volume density predicts a decrease in choroid plexus surface density (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). There was a decrease in the volume density of blood vessels with age and with the increase in Feret?s diameter of psammoma bodies, (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion. We want to point out that there is an association between ageing and increased size and volume density of psammoma bodies. More important is the fact that psammoma bodies? presence and their morphometric characteristics are good predictors of changes occurring on the level of choroid plexus structure and vascularization, which may have crucial effects on the choroid plexus physiology.