bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The constitutional monarchy in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bogdanor Vernon
Published: July 2021

In a constitutional monarchy, the Sovereign acts according to constitutional rules, rather than arbitrarily. That is so even in a country such as Britain which has no codified constitution. Today the rules of constitutional monarchy whose purpose it is to preserve the political neutrality of the Sovereign, serve to protect her from political involvement. Her powers remain essentially residual - selection of a Prime Minister and refusal of a dissolution under very rare circumstances.The main influence of the Sovereign, however, comes through her exercise of the three rights identified by Bagehot - the right to be consulted, the right to encourage and the right to wam; and through her role as Head of the Commonwealth.The enormous popularity of the monarchy in Britain today arises because it has come to be divorced from partisan politics, and so can act as a focus of national unity.
De invloed van het internationaal milieubeleid op de totstandkoming van het milieubeleid in Vlaanderen, 1980-1990
Authors: Hooghe Marc
Published: July 2021

In studies on political decision-making, attention is often limited to domestic factors. However, this study demonstrates that international considerations can play a key role in the decision-making process. Since 1980, competence for environmental policy in Belgium is shared by the national government and the three autonomous regions. The 134 most important environmental measures which have been issued in Flanders since 1980, were studied, and international influence proved to be considerable. In 78 cases, the measure was brought into being due to the environmental policy of the European Community. In 39 cases, there were influences from other sources of international environmental policy.  This left only 17 measures which had no clear connection with international environmental policy. It seems that policy scholars have not yet fully realized the extent of this shift of power from the national to the international level, and have rather neglected the international decision-making process.
Partijgebeuren en rolverwachtingen t.a.v. de verkiezing of selectie van de partijvoorzitter in de Parti Socialiste (1981-1995)
Authors: Fiers Stefaan
Published: July 2021

This article deals with the process through which party leaders in the Parti Socialiste were selected in the eighties and the nineties. Despite theparty congress's entitlement to elect leaders, the critical factor in winning the leadership has been endorsement by predecessors. G. Spitaels and Ph. Busquin are cases in point.The congress merely serves as a ritual, as a consequence of which the outcome of the vote is highly predictable, influenced as it is by party events and role-expectations. Socialist party leaders have a wide arsenal at their disposal to rule the party in a rather autoritarian way; a classic example being the plebisciteBusquin provoked in 1994 to expand bis power. How, by whom and to what extent they obtain and enforce this autoritarian power are key questions in this study.
Het profiel van de lokale politiek
Authors: Maes Rudolf
Published: July 2021

In Belgian political rhetoric municipalities are described as the cornerstone of a well-balanced government organization. However, this is not noticeable in the administrative language: municipalities are described as 'subordinate' administrations or 'administrations under tutelage'. Their share in total government expenditure is alarmingly low, 10.8%.The importance of local politics is determined by:- the political will to recognise the municipality as a 'civil society'- the interest in the democratic content of government and the necessity of policy differentiation- the recognition of local government as a laboratory for policy and as a voice of the place community in the national politics.From the perspective of policy-making Belgian municipalities have a mixed profile. First of all, they are 'cultural municipalities': 28.5% of the expenditures are in the educational and cultural sector. Other important expenditures are: roads and utilities (17%) and security (12.8%). Compared to different West-European countries, expenditures for social matters are rather limited (11 %).
De implementatie van de Europese regelgeving in België
Authors: Merckx Herman
Published: July 2021

The way Belgium implements European Law, meaning how it transposes EU directives into national law, is heavily influenced by its federal structure.  The fact that 7 governments and parliaments may all have to intervene in a transposition of a directive for which the competences are divided between them and the fact that a number of consultative procedures have to be respected (the legal scrutiny by the State Council and the advices to be given by committees consisting of trade and other professional unions) explain why Belgium has been lagging behind in transposing EU directives within their time limit.In Belgium the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is in charge of coordinating the transposition of EU directives and representing Belgium in procedures at the European Court of Justice.
Belgian politics in 1997
Authors: Fiers Stefaan , Deweerdt Mark
Published: July 2021

The so-called 'Dutroux-case'- the revelation of the kidnapping and the murder of four underaged girls and the apparent malfunctions of the judiciary and the police forces, was the most important issue on the 1997 political agenda.  Unanimously, the Chamber of Representatives agreed upon the recommendations of a parliamentary inquiry into the bungled police investigation. Yet the unanimity disappeared quickly when the recommendations on the reorganisation of the police forces had to be implemented.New revelations of the Dassault-case, and the involvement of both socialist parties, put the government underpressure. The events themselves, and the discontent they caused in some majority parties, urged the government to revise the governmental programme. Guy Spitaels, chairman of the Walloon parliament resigned. Guy Coëme, former minister of Defence, alleged ofpassive corruption in the Dassault-case, was referred to the Supreme Court of Appeal by decision of the Chamber of Representatives.
Tussen schok en overgang : de Europese Unie in 2001
Authors: Kerremans Bart , Drieskens Edith
Published: July 2021

Without doubt, the year 2001 will remain identified with the terrorist attacks of september 11. To some extent, this goes for the European Union as well. The events of september 11 left an important mark on the European integration process, of which the development of the European arrest warrant is an important illustration. Nevertheless, as for the European Union, the year 2001 was more than a year of anti-terrorism measures. In the second semester of2001, the Belgian government assumed the presidency ofthe European Union.  2001 was also the year in which, only weeks after street violence disruputed the European Council ofGöteborg, a protester was killed in the margin ofthe G7-G8 Summit in Genova.  In 2001, the gap between the European Union and the United States got larger for a number of policy fields, including National Missile Defence and the Kyoto Protocol. Yet, in the autumn of2001, both power blocks reconciliated at the WTO Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar. In Doha, a new global round of trade negotiations was launched. As in previous years, in 2001, the enlargement process was high on the European agenda. As for the latter, for the first time, ten candidate countries were mentioned by name, making their accession in 2004 a more realistic scenario. The eastern enlargement will radically change the face of the European Union. The Belgian presidency anticipated this impeding metamorphosis and stimulated the adoption of the Laeken Declaration in december 2001.  The Declaration laid the foundation for the Convention on the Future of Europe which started on February 28, 2002. The Declaration of Laeken was one of the European highlights of 2001. The low point was the Irish referendum of June 7, 2001, in which a majority of the Irish population rejected the Treaty of Nice.  Both events reflect the situation the European Union is faced with today, as they demonstrate the growing tension between the desires of «widening» and «deepening» the European construction. The future willreveal how the European Union went with this growing area of tension.
Non destructive testing techniques for risk based inspection
Authors: Van den Abeele Filip , Goes Patrick
Published: July 2021

Ensuring the safety of offshore structures is of vital importance for the reliability of oil and gas drilling rigs.Risk based inspection (RBI) is becoming an industry standard for management of equipment integrity. Theobjective of risk based inspection is to determine the likelihood of equipment failure (probability) and theconsequences of such an event. Combining the probability of an event with its possible consequencesallows determining the risk of an operation. Risk based inspection enables to optimize the frequency ofinspection, by moving from periodic inspection (based on arbitrary calendar dates) to an informedinspection program (based on equipment condition).One of the most important tools to determine the condition of the equipment, and to calculate its reliability,is the use of non destructive testing (NDT) techniques to detect cracks, flaws and defects. The probability ofdetection and the probability of sizing depend on the type of NDT method used. Combining NDTinformation on crack size and depth with fracture mechanics based damage models, allows predicting theremaining life time of a component.In this paper, the philosophy of risk based inspection is introduced and recent advances in non destructivetesting (in particular ultrasonic and electromagnetic techniques) are reviewed. Then, the use of fracturemechanics based damage models is demonstrated to predict fatigue failure for offshore structures.
Justification of the mapping approach for finite element modelling of ductile tearing
Authors: Hertelé Stijn , De Waele Wim , Denys Rudi , Verstraete Matthias
Published: July 2021

Ductile tearing plays a major role in the failure behaviour of flawed pipeline girth welds underplastic deformation. Different approaches exist to describe tearing in finite element analysis, each of whichhas specific advantages and disadvantages. This paper focuses on the highly pragmatic mappingapproach, which interpolates between results of simulations with different but fixed flaw depths. The mainadvantage of mapping is its straightforward connection with experimentally determined crack growthresistance curves, by application of the tangency approach. Since mapping is unique in that it does notincorporate ductile tearing within a single simulation, its physical relevance may be questioned. This paperaddresses a justification of the mapping approach from a fundamental point of view. First, an analyticalproof of the concept is given based upon the mathematical background of the J integral. Then, a numericalvalidation gives confidence in the justification. Finally, attention is drawn to possible practicalimplementations of the mapping method.
Improving students’ critical thinking skills using Time Bar Media in Mathemathics learning in the third grade primary school
Authors: Purwaningsih Wahyu , Wangid Muhammad Nur
Published: July 2021

This study aims to improve the students’ critical thinking skills using time bar media in mathematics learning for in grade IIIA of State Primary School Kotagede I. It used classroom action research as design by Kemmis and McTaggart. The subjects of this research were grade 3th State Primary School Kotagede I with a total of 30 students. The data were collected through observation, written tests, and interviews. The research instrument used was the teacher's activity observation sheet in mathematics learning, written test questions, and interview guides for teachers and students. The instrument of the test each test question there are 6 items in the description. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results showed that the use of time bar media in mathematics learning could improve students' critical thinking skills. The critical thinking skills covered: providing simple explanations,  building basic skills, concluding, providing further explanations, and arranging strategies and tactics. The increase in students' critical thinking skills was seen based on the test results in the pre-action (43%) which increased to 80% in the first cycle and increased to 90% in the second cycle.           Keywords: students', critical thinking skills, time bar media
Is transhumanism the solution to euthanasia?
Authors: Bugajska Anna
Published: July 2021

The article concentrates on the question of euthanasia in relation to the emerging life-extension technologies and the immortality industry within the philosophical framework of transhumanism. I begin by sketching the picture of human enhancement and immortality research and industry and pointing to its preliminary assessment of social impact, drawn by Jacobsen (2017). I present immortalism as a specific branch of transhumanism, leading to the rise of postmortal society informed by neohedonism and negative utilitarianism: oriented towards the pursuit of pleasure and minimization of suffering. I ask the question if in the postmortal society the problem of euthanasia will exist. To answer this question, firstly, I briefly present the changes in understanding the notion of a good death; secondly, I discuss the transhumanist approach to euthanasia. And thirdly, I point to the challenges to the biopolitics of death and dying in the postmortal society. The discussion of these areas leads to the conclusion that the problem of euthanasia in the postmortal society will not disappear; rather, it will become more aggravated due to the paradoxical nature of the transhumanist approach to death, personal freedom, autonomy, and dignity.
Особенности структуры нанокристаллических пленок никеля, сформированных методом ионного распыления
Authors: Лядов Н.М. , Базаров В.В. , Вахитов И.Р. , Гумаров А.И. , Ибрагимов Ш.З. , Кузина Д.М. , Файзрахманов И.А. , Хайбуллин Р.И. , Шустов В.А.
Published: July 2021

Тонкие нанокристаллические пленки Ni с толщиной ~340-360 nm были синтезированы методом ионного распыления на подложках из монокристаллического Si (111) в условиях высокого вакуума. Методами рентгеновской дифракции, сканирующей электронной микроскопии с микроанализом, вибрационной магнитометрии и дифференциальным термомагнитным анализом исследованы структура, магнитно-фазовый состав и магнитные свойства исходных и подвергнутых термическому отжигу пленок Ni. Обнаружено, что при определенных режимах осаждения исходные пленки никеля при комнатной температуре имеют намагниченность насыщения на порядок ниже, чем никель, а после термического отжига при температуре 723 K --- проявляют перпендикулярную к поверхности магнитную анизотропию. Показано, что пониженная величина намагниченности насыщения связана со значительной (3%) деформацией растяжения кристаллической решетки никеля. Установлено, что перпендикулярная магнитная анизотропия в отожженных пленках обусловлена наличием макронапряжений растяжения из-за различий термических коэффициентов расширения пленки и подложки. Ключевые слова: ионное распыление, нанокристаллические пленки никеля, структура, магнитные свойства.
First report of Fusarium pallidoroseum (Cooke) Sacc. on Bael (Aegle marmelos Correa) causing leaf spot and die back disease in nursery
Authors: KUMAR SANTOSH , SINGH HEMANT KUMAR , KUMAR SANJEEV
Published: July 2021

Bael is a very popular indigenous fruit of India. Cultivation of bael is a lucrative venture because of its high pharmaceutical importance. The deciduous tree with trifoliate aromatic leaves offering of bael leaves is a compulsory ritual of the worship of lord shiva. In bael nursery, disease appeared during post rainy season (September) as irregular pustules, which was brown in colour, increases very fast and covers the most of the leaf area. After severe infection, affected leaves become dry and fall off. The disease progresses downward causing dieback symptoms but roots are remain healthy and they produces new shoots after destroying the vegetative parts. This type of symptoms incited by Fusarium pallidoroseum (Cooke) Sacc. was identified as a causal organism. The pathogenicity test of the fungus was established. Fusarium pallidoroseum produce smooth and creamyhite colony, grew rapidly on PDA medium at 250C to 260C and produced rose pink colored woolly to cottony, flat spreading colonies when mature. The mass of the mycelium was very compact in nature. The fungus produced both macro and micro conidia, which are hyaline, septate and ends are also hook shaped. Mycelia are thin and septate. Macro conidia were produced from phialides on unbranched or branched conidiophpres. Macro conidia born in sporodochia were curved; possess a foot cell, 3-5 septate.  Micro conidia are single celled, smooth, hyaline, ovoid to cylindrical.
Rural youth employment through transitional beekeeping: In Jimma Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: BIYENA LALISA WENDIMU
Published: July 2021

Beekeeping is an interesting off farm practice for low-resource people that provide employment opportunities to rural youth in developing countries like Ethiopia. The study aimed to improve jobless youth income through beekeeping, create access to profitable honey market and contribute to climate change mitigation. Both purposive and random sampling procedure was used to select sample beekeeper and study area. It is case study data on 105 rural youths sampled from two districts and two kebele administrations representing traditional beekeeping farming in Jima Zone of Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics used to analyze quantitative data collected whereas on spot analysis also used to analyze qualitative data such as text data from interview transcripts. The results show that introduced transitional chefeka hive contributed significantly to the youths’ employment that relief them from dependency and low self-esteem in the community. On average hive productivity was increased from 6kg to 17.4 kg per hive and revenue generated encouraged the groups increase colony number in double fold and earn about US 6828.69 from honey and beeswax in one year. Moreover, accumulated revenue inclined them to start other income source activity besides beekeeping enterprise. Moreover, youth were found to be significantly more aware and responsible to mitigate recurrent climate change. Therefore, development interventions had better give emphasis to capacitate bee extension support system.
Study on crop losses due to COVID-19 lockdown period in Nagaon district of Assam
Authors: KALITA BINOD , HAZARIKA DINESH , RAHMAN NASEEMA , SARMAH PC
Published: July 2021

An online survey was performed among the different categories of farm households in Nagaon district, Assam. Out of 300 cropped based agricultural farm households, of farmers were selected randomly and were grouped in accordance to their operational holdings viz. marginal (<1 ha), Small (1.01 to 2 ha), Medium (2.01 to 4 ha) and large (>4.01 ha). The necessary information was collected through their Whatsapps, messages and telephonic conversation from different 43 revenue villages. With a view to estimate the loss of crops cultivated during Lockdown Period (24th March, 2020 to 18th April, 2020) due to COVID 19 and determines the loss percentage of different crop enterprises for each group of farmers with district as a whole. After analyzing the received information it was found that large farms suffered maximum (71.69%) due to small tea garden and betel vine and medium farms incurred loss of about 61.33%. the overall loss of crops was 68.96% . The loss was found to be chiefly due to acute shortage of field labourers following COVID 19 restrictions during Lock Down period 1. As a result of which plucking, harvesting, marketing etc. all are at halt.
Normalized Difference Vegetative Index-related Assessment for Climate Change Impact on Indigenous Communities from High Resolution IKONOS Satellite Imagery in West Papua
Authors:   Marine School of Engineering, Plymouth University at Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Devon TQ6 OHJ, UK, Lavers Chris R. , Mason Travis ,   Southampton Channel Coastal Observatory, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZGH, UK, Mazower Jonathan ,   Survival International, 6, Chapterhouse Buildings, London, EC1M 7ET, UK, Grig Sarah ,   Survival International, 6, Chapterhouse Buildings, London, EC1M 7ET, UK
Published: July 2021

High-resolution satellite imagery permits acquisition of critical data to observe climate-change and environmental impact on conflict-impacted indigenous communities with co-existing socio-economic factors, often within unstable regimes. Conflict may prevent direct access in remote regions to validate civilian conflict actor evidence. In such cases use of remote sensing tools, techniques, and data are extremely important. Software-based imagery assessment can quantify radiometrically calibrated or Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and provide temporal changes with rapid detection over large search areas. In this work we evaluate recent trends in equatorial alpine glacier ablation to address the probability of indigenous water scarcity, as pure glacial water reserves are depleted near the Grasberg gold and copper mine in the Carstenz region, Western part of Papua Island, North of Oceania.
Measurements of Overwater Gust Factor from Near Surface to Beyond Common Hub Height: A Case Study
Authors:   Coastal Studies Institute , Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA, Hsu Shih-Ang
Published: July 2021

In September 2020 Hurricane Sally affected the north central Gulf of Mexico. Making use of the anemometers data available at 4 oil rigs over the affected region, it is found that, when the atmospheric stability was near-neutral, the gust factor (G) decreases linearly with height from approximately 1.28 at 35m above the sea surface to 1.18 at 160 m. In other words, G decreases linearly at the rate around 8% per 100 m from the typical hub height to beyond common hub height. Based on the linear equation found in this study, the G extrapolated to the standard height of 10 m is approximately 1.3 which is also consistent with that measured at two buoys over the affected region. Therefore, a G of 1.3 at near surface may be useful for offshore wind energy R&D and O&M, particularly for those regions affected by tropical cyclones.
In Search of State and Trait Emotion Markers in Mobile-Sensed Language: Field Study (Preprint)
Authors: Carlier Chiara , Niemeijer Koen , Mestdagh Merijn , Bauwens Michael , Vanbrabant Peter , Geurts Luc , van Waterschoot Toon , Kuppens Peter
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Emotions and mood are important for overall well-being. Therefore, the search for continuous, effortless emotion prediction methods is an important field of study. Mobile sensing provides a promising tool and can capture one of the most telling signs of emotion: language.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to examine the separate and combined predictive value of mobile-sensed language data sources for detecting both momentary emotional experience as well as global individual differences in emotional traits and depression.

METHODS

In a 2-week experience sampling method study, we collected self-reported emotion ratings and voice recordings 10 times a day, continuous keyboard activity, and trait depression severity. We correlated state and trait emotions and depression and language, distinguishing between speech content (spoken words), speech form (voice acoustics), writing content (written words), and writing form (typing dynamics). We also investigated how well these features predicted state and trait emotions using cross-validation to select features and a hold-out set for validation.

RESULTS

Overall, the reported emotions and mobile-sensed language demonstrated weak correlations. The most significant correlations were found between speech content and state emotions and between speech form and state emotions, ranging up to 0.25. Speech content provided the best predictions for state emotions. None of the trait emotion–language correlations remained significant after correction. Among the emotions studied, valence and happiness displayed the most significant correlations and the highest predictive performance.

CONCLUSIONS

Although using mobile-sensed language as an emotion marker shows some promise, correlations and predictive R2 values are low.
The opportunities of third-generation cephalosporin usage in outpatient surgery
Authors: Nikonov V.V. , Lysohub K.I. , Lysohub M.V.
Published: July 2021

The adherence to the principles of rational antibacterial therapy is of great significance, namely the prescription of a medication to achieve the quickest possible clinical and bacteriologic convalescence, the spectrum of mechanisms of a drug should affect possible germ, overcome the possible mechanisms of resistance and make the highest concentration in infectious focus. Moreover, the prescribed drug should be convenient for outpatient usage. The important principle of infection treatment is a de-escalation therapy that provides clinical and economic benefits both for a patient and health facility. The usage of the antibiotic cefdinir is effective and safe in hospital and outpatient treatment.
Successful treatment of severe calcium channel blocker poisoning: a clinical case
Authors: Nedashkivskyi S.M. , Lisnyak D.K. , Milienko G.A. , Kozlovskyi Yu.B. , Doroshenko A.D.
Published: July 2021

The article describes the successful experience of treating a female patient with severe poisoning by a mixture of drugs with a predominant cardiotoxic effect. The number of drugs taken was many times higher than the potentially lethal dose. Hemodynamics has been supported by vasopressors and inotropic drugs for a long time, antidotes, sorbents, detoxification agents were used. Due to inadequate spontaneous ventilation, the patient was on artificial lung ventilation for 24 days. After 26 days in the intensive care unit, she was transferred to the therapeutic department in a stable state and without neurological deficit. We believe that this material will be useful for intensive care physicians when providing emergency care to patients in such situations.
Abstracts of the research-to-practice conference with international participation “Infectious diseases in children. A modern view on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention” (March 25, 2021, Kyiv, Ukraine)
Authors: Authors No
Published: July 2021

No abstract
Chance Encounters: World Literature Between the Unexpected and the Probable
Authors: Long Hoyt
Published: July 2021

This essay brings probabilistic reasoning into concerted dialogue with book-historical and sociological approaches to world literature. Using extensive bibliographic data about literary translations into Japanese during the modern era, it develops a series of case studies at interrelated scales—the literary anthology, world library collections, and individual readers—to reason about the likelihood of certain authors or works being plucked from the swirling currents of the global traffic in books. At each scale, I consider how such data might inform the interpretations we give to the choice of one author over another in a given context. Woven into these case studies is an extended reflection on the history of probabilistic reasoning from the late-eighteenth century to the late-twentieth. What, this essay ultimately asks, might literary historians gain from taking this history seriously in our own appeals to chance as a form of historical explanation?
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF UNEXPLORED PLANTS – CUSCUTA REFLEXA AND COCCULUS HIRSUTUS – AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: SINGH ANITA , SINGH VANDANA , B DINESH KUMAR
Published: July 2021

Objective: The study aimed to document the rarely explored plants, namely, Cuscuta reflexa (CRA) and Cocculus hirsutus (CHP) used by the ethnic people of a specific region. The anti-inflammatory (AI) property of kwath of CRA (KCRA), kwath of CHP (KCHP), and their blend (kwath blend [KB]) was also assessed.

Methods: The KCRA and KCHP were prepared following standard Ayurvedic procedures. The AI property was determined by carrageenan-induced paw edema at doses; 250, 125, and 62.5 mg/kg. The KB (500 mg/kg) was prepared using equal parts of KCRA and KCHP in view of the potential AI property as compared to the individual plants. Ibuprofen (100 mg/kg) was used as the standard AI drug standard drug (SD).

Results: The carrageenan-induced paw inflammation was highest and doubled at 3 h. The oral administration of SD (100 mg/kg) produced a high reduction of edema (78.47%) at 3 h. Both KCRA and KCHP had reduced edema and were equally potent (EC50; 139.8 and 147.3 mg/kg, respectively) at the early phase. However, the efficacy of KCRA was greater than KCHP at the second phase of inflammation (EC50=313.6 and 2760 mg/kg, respectively). KCRA was efficacious and potent as an AI agent. Unlike SD, KB had effectively inhibited paw edema from the 6th h onward. The AI activity of KB was superior compared to individual plant groups.

Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the traditional formulation – kwath of rarely explored plants, namely, CRA, CHP, and KB has AI property and can be explored to develop them as AI agents.
FAST TRACK USA REGULATORY APPROVAL FOR DRUGS TO TREAT EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Authors: GM PAVITHRA , MAANVIZHI SABA
Published: July 2021

The Food and Drug Administration has established fast track approval to speed the designation of drugs that efficiently treat serious conditions, in particular those that provide improved advantages over available therapy. Fast track designation was initiated to curtail the time period in the new drug approval procedure and to promote the drug discovery and commercialization of drug products for critical and life-threatening illness and expedite the approval of drug products demonstrating advanced efficacy toward the prevailing one. Single Phase II study is reviewed before approving the drug within fast track designation. This review article highlights the consequences, criteria for fast track designation, fast track designation process, and the timeline for fast track approval.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON ADHERENCE TO LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION AMONG KNOWN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN UDUPI DISTRICT
Authors: SHETTY PRASHANTH , N KARTHIK RAO , RAU N GURUKANTH , PATTANSHETTY SANJAY M , KARANTH DIVYA
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Hypertension is the more prevalent non-communicable disease and is the major risk factors for the cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle modification plays a very important role in controlling or management of the hypertension. Hence, aim of this study is to assess the adherence and non-adherence to lifestyle modification among known hypertensive patients those who are visiting secondary care hospitals in Udupi District.

Methods: This was a multi-centric hospital based cross-sectional study conducted at three secondary care hospitals. Samples were collected through convenient sampling. Standardized questionnaire used to collect data. Associations are obtained the help of frequencies, prevalence, and mean values, ANOVA test, Chi-square, and binary logistic regression were used for the analysis.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 63.01±11.12 years. Males were 144 (42.2%) and females were 197 (57.8%) of the study population. It was found that the self-assessment is influenced by education level of participant (p=0.003) and time elapsed since diagnosis of hypertension (p<0.001). Majority of the participants from age group of 34 to 48 and 49 to 63 had good adherence to exercise, that is, 70.4% (19) and 74.6% (100), respectively, (p=0.001). Participants with awareness regarding risk factors and complications of hypertension showed good adherence to exercise. The patients, who adhered to exercise, also consumed less quantity of salt.

Conclusion: Instilling positivity in mind of the patient regarding outcome of treatment and lifestyle modifications can help in controlling the high blood pressure and there by prevent cardiovascular and renal disease in the whole population.
IN VIVO EVALUATION OF QUINAPRIL TRILAYERED MATRIX TABLETS
Authors: K ASHWIN , REDDY T RAMA MOHAN
Published: July 2021

Objective: The aim was to design, formulate, and evaluate the trilayer matrix tablets incorporated with quinapril for extend drug release.

Methods: Quinapril trilayer matrix tablets were formulated using design of experiment software wherein initially 27 formulations (QF1-QF27) were designed for active layer from which one best formulation was chosen based on drug content, swelling index and in vitro release studies. The chosen formulation was formulated into extended release trilayed matrix tablet by varying proportions of polymers by direct compression and was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters, drug release. Best formulation was characterized for Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), stability, and pharmacokinetic study.

Results: Out of 27 formulations highest drug release was exhibited by QF16 (98.85%) which was formulated into trilayer matrix tablets (AQF16- HQF16). Out of which EQF16 was found to exhibit highest values with 98.42% swelling index, 99.56% drug content, and 99.72% drug release in 24 h. All quinapril trilayer formulations showed zero-order and first-order for marketed product. The optimized formulation EQF16 was found to exhibit no interaction with excipients interpreted by FTIR and no significant changes were observed after loading for stability. In vivo studies conducted using optimized formulation EQF16 attained peak drug concentration (Tmax) of 4.0±0.06 and 1.0±0.03 h for the optimized and commercial formulations, respectively, while mean maximum drug concentration (Cmax) was 302.64±0.07 ng/mL and was significant (p<0.05) as compared to the quinapril marketed product formulation 358.78±0.75 ng/mL.

Conclusion: Hence, quinapril was successfully formulated into trilayer matrix tablet and found to be stable.
Sostenibilidad fiscal: metodología y análisis para la economía ecuatoriana
Authors: Hidalgo-Vinueza Paola , Acosta-González Nicolás
Published: July 2021

Esta investigación presenta un marco de análisis de la sostenibilidad fiscal para la economía ecuatoriana. En primer lugar, se calculan indicadores estáticos de vulnerabilidad y sostenibilidad fiscal en el contexto de un endeudamiento sostenible y un estado estacionario de las finanzas públicas. En segundo lugar, se desarrolla uno de los indicadores de sostenibilidad fiscal propuesto por Blanchard (1990), pero ajustado a las particularidades de la economía ecuatoriana para evaluar la vulnerabilidad de las finanzas públicas en un entorno de eliminación de los ingresos petroleros. Finalmente, se estima la función fiscal de reacción de la economía ecuatoriana siguiendo a Bohn (1998) con el objetivo de probar la sostenibilidad de la deuda en el largo plazo a través de la respuesta del balance primario ante incrementos en el endeudamiento.
Detección de biomarcadores como herramienta diagnóstica y predictora de nefropatía diabética en personas viviendo con diabetes, asistidas en la Unidad de Atención Primaria del Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud
Authors: Pelletier-Rodrtguez Gabriela , Acra-Tolari Ricardo , Mejía Dolores
Published: July 2021

Introducción: la República Dominicana es un país en vías de desarrollo, por lo que la prevención y llegar a tiempo juegan un papel fundamental en el manejo de las enfermedades. La Organización Panamericana de la Salud advirtió que el crecimiento de la Diabetes Mellitus está tomando proporciones epidémicas. Las personas con DM tipo 1 pueden desarrollar nefropatía en un 15 % y aquellos con DM tipo 2 entre 20-40 %.

Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional-descriptivo y transversal. Se tomaron pacientes mayores de 18 años del centro de atención primaria del Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud (HGPS), con diagnóstico de DM tipo 2 en el periodo febrero-marzo 2019. Se determinó el riesgo pronóstico y diagnóstico para el desarrollo de ND, por la detección de la tasa de filtrado glomerular y biomarcadores por espectrometría de masa con aplicación de un algoritmo matemático diseñado para la predicción y diagnóstico de ND.

Resultados: se incluyeron 92 pacientes con un tiempo de evolución de DM2 menor de 10 años. Se determinó una especificidad de 70.59 % y una sensibilidad de 100 % de esta prueba en la población dominicana.

Conclusión: este tipo de pruebas tienen gran peso para la prevención del desarrollo de ND en pacientes que padecen DM2.
Síndrome bronquial obstructivo recurrente por causas secundarias en pacientes evaluados en el servicio de neumología del Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral durante el periodo 2015-2018
Authors: Elias-Melgen Ricardo , De la Cruz Eulidania
Published: July 2021

Introducción: el síndrome bronquial obstructivo recurrente representa alta demanda asistencial, el diagnóstico definitivo plantea un problema por la variedad de causas que pueden producirlo con similitud en la forma de presentación.

Objetivo: conocer las causas secundarias de obstrucción bronquial recurrente en los pacientes evaluados en el servicio de neumología del Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral durante el periodo 2015-2018.

Métodos: estudio observacional para conocer las causas secundarias de obstrucción bronquial recurrente en pacientes menores de 5 años de edad. Se aplicó un cuestionario, los datos se procesaron mediante paquete estadístico SPSS 2007, análisis descriptivo y la información se utilizó bajo estricta confidencialidad.

Resultados: 138 pacientes tenían 21 diagnósticos diferentes como causa de obstrucción bronquial; 76.1 % tenían Índice Predictivo para Asma negativo. Disnea (85.5 %), tos (76 %), sibilancia (37.6 %), estridor (23.1 %), mala ganancia de peso (19.5 %) fueron las principales manifestaciones clínicas. En 31 (22.5 %) casos se resolvió la patología de base y la sintomatología; 99 (71.7%) se mantienen estable con tratamiento.

Conclusión: numerosas causas se asocian a obstrucción bronquial recurrente, un diagnóstico definitivo daría la oportunidad de tratamiento adecuado evitando daños irreversibles.
Tumor ovárico, células de la granulomatosa juvenil. A propósito de un caso. Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral (HIRRC), República Dominicana
Authors: Alcántara Elvyn , Roa Firelys , Díaz Zaimy , Espinosa Juan , Feliz Luis
Published: July 2021

Los tumores ováricos de las células de la granulosa son neoplasias raras, que constituyen solo de 2 % a 5 % de los tumores ováricos. Tienen una incidencia de 1 caso/100,000 mujeres por año. Existen dos subgrupos: la forma adulta y la juvenil. Esta última comprende solamente el 5 % del total de casos y se diagnostica en las primeras tres décadas de la vida, con mediana de 8 a 9 años y se han visto hasta los 30 años. La mayoría de las pacientes se presenta con dolor abdominal localizado, distensión abdominal y masa palpable en pelvis o abdomen. El 10 % de los casos puede debutar con abdomen agudo, debido a ruptura del tumor y hemoperitoneo o por torsión del mismo. La mayoría de las pacientes pre-púberes tienen pubertad precoz isosexual. El tumor es bilateral en 3 % de los casos, generalmente está limitado al ovario al momento del diagnóstico. Suelen responder muy bien a la quimioterapia1, 2.

Presentamos un caso de una femenina de 5 meses de edad procedente de San José de Ocoa; República Dominicana. La cual presenta historia de aumento progresivo del diámetro mamario desde su segunda semana de vida. A la paciente se le realizó un seguimiento externo en nuestro servicio, donde compaginó la exploración física con un aumento progresivo de la circunferencia abdominal junto con estudios complementarios que evidenciaron líquido libre en la cavidad abdominal.
Células madre mesenquimatosas y sus diferentes usos
Authors: Martínez-Sánchez Lina María , Vergara-Yanez Daniela , Herrera-Almanza Laura
Published: July 2021

Introducción: las células madre mesenquimatosas (CMM) se diferencian de diversos tipos celulares para la regeneración de tejidos, esta característica sumada con la versatilidad del antígeno leucocitario humano (HLA) representan una eficaz alternativa para el tratamiento de enfermedades con tejidos deteriorados. Se pueden obtener a partir de médula ósea, cordón umbilical (CU) y sangre fetal.

Objetivo: analizar los tipos de diferenciación de las CMM, sus métodos de extracción y su relación con bancos de sangre de cordón umbilical (BSCU), a fin de demostrar la eficacia de las CMM, en patologías que impliquen alteración de algún tejido u órgano.

Metodología: se revisaron varias publicaciones en español e inglés en Pubmed, Clinicalkey y Science Direct; desde 2013 hasta 2020. Se usaron los términos sangre fetal, células madre mesenquimatosas, trasplante de Células Madre de Sangre del Cordón Umbilical y bancos de sangre. Con dicha información se redactó un panorama amplio sobre las células mesenquimales y como estas participan en diversas áreas de la salud, con un énfasis importante en sus usos terapéuticos y lo referente a de donde provienen.

Conclusión: a través de la pluripotencialidad de las CMM, se han podido emplear en múltiples patologías pues reestablece tejidos o líneas celulares exitosamente. Así mismo, los recursos para su obtención son claves en la tolerancia de los pacientes, por lo cual una gran opción para su obtención es el CU, que actualmente cuenta con bancos exclusivos para esto.
Intellectual Capital Disclosure And Comprehensive Intellectual Capital Management : Evidence From Universities In Southeast Asia
Authors: Hermawan Sigit Hermawan , Rahayu Duwi , Jamaludin Jamaludin , Rahayu Ruci Arizanda , Biduri Sarwenda
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the practice patterns of disclosure of Intellectual Capital Disclosure by Universities in the Three Southeast Asian Countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore based on the 4ICU ranking, conducting different tests of ICD practices at the University of the three countries, and providing recommendations on IC management strategies in university. This research is a type of mixed research (quantitative and qualitative). The other research results state that there are no differences in the ICD disclosure pattern between Universities in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Recommendations for IC management strategies in higher education can be done with comprehensive intellectual capital management (CICM). The research implication is that universities in Southeast Asia need to carry out IC disclosure because it is a form of management accountability to stakeholders and also for decision making related to universities.
Corporate Governance And Tax Aggressiveness: Agency Theory Relationship
Authors: Bani Alkausar  , Kawakibi Farel Badar , Lasmana Mienati Somya
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to provide evidence of whether corporate governance can lower the tendency of companies to perform tax aggressiveness. The term of Tax Aggressiveness was used to further expand the meaning of the act of minimizing taxes by companies. The cash effective tax rate was used as an indicator of the tax aggressiveness of companies. Meanwhile, corporate governance was measured by the institutional ownership, independent commissioner, audit committee, and audit quality. Samples used were the manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2018. Results of the 97 samples observed indicated that independent commissioners proved to be able to suppress the tendency of companies to commit Tax Aggressiveness; meanwhile, the institutional ownership, audit committee, and audit quality was not proven. The existence of the independent commissioners is able to influence the decisions in creating policies that are set by the management, so the management does not perform an opportunistic action that would benefit the management including committing Tax Aggressiveness.
Fundamental Factor Analysis On Banking Stock Price In LQ45
Authors: Zuhroh Idah , Veronika Alvio
Published: July 2021

This study analyzes the influence of fundamental factors (inflation, exchange rates, ROA, ROE, and BOPO) on the LQ 45 Banking Stock Price. The research subjects are banks listed in LQ 45 for the quarterly period 2015-2019, using Panel Data Regression. The analysis model is the Common Effect Model (CEM). This study uses 2 models where the first model tests all variables except ROE, and the second model tests all variables except ROA. The results showed that the inflation and exchange rate variables significantly affect the LQ45 Banking Stock Price. On the other hand, the variables of ROA, ROE, and BOPO did not significantly affect the LQ45 banking financial stock price. The research results simultaneously showed that in model 1, the variables of inflation, exchange rate, ROA, and BOPO significantly affect the LQ45 banking stock price. Whereas in model 2, jointly, the variables of inflation, exchange rate, ROE, and BOPO significantly affect the LQ45 banking stock price.
Structure and invariance of the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) in adolescents
Authors: Faro André , Fernandes de Araújo Ludgleydson , Carneiro Maciel Silvana , Souza de Lima Tiago Jessé , Cunha de Souza Luana Elayne
Published: July 2021

The main objective of this study was to test the factorial structure and gender invariance of the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) in a non-clinical sample of 657 adolescents (Mage = 16.3 years; SD = 1.19). The research design was an instrumental investigation, based on a cross-sectional survey with a sample of adolescents in Brazil. The results presented satisfactory evidence of the validity of the factorial structure and gender invariance for the sample. The composite reliability was also satisfactory, and no problems were detected related to common method bias. The mean of the items explained variance was .31 (31 %), with a Cronbach’s Alpha at .84 for the total scale, .81 and .69 for the anxiety and depression subscales, respectively. In the discussion, we analyzed questions related to the average variance extracted of the scale, which was lower than expected. Thus, we conclude that the current findings provide validity evidence to the application of the HADS with Brazilian adolescents for clinical or research purposes.
Eurasian Civilization: from an Idea to a Modern Discourse
Authors: Kefeli I. F.
Published: July 2021

The article traces the evolution of the Eurasian idea, starting from the initial stage of its formation, in the context of comparing it with the implementation of the Soviet project in the pre-war years on the basis of the first three five-year plans for socialist construction. Attempts to formalize the theoretical status of the Eurasian civilization were formed on the basis of ideas about “Russia–Eurasia” as a cultural personality, about the Eurasian state, often comparing these constructions with the real achievements of socialist construction and confidently declaring the Eurasian world order within Russia–Eurasia in the future.