bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comorbidity of DSM–III–R Major Depressive Disorder in the General Population: Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey
Authors: Kessler R. C. , Nelson C. B. , McGonagle K. A. , Liu J. , Swartz M. , Blazer D. G.
Published: August 2018

General population data are presented on the prevalence and correlates of comorbidity between DSM–III–R major depressive disorder (MDD) and other DSM–III–R disorders. The data come from the US National Comorbidity Survey, a large general population survey of persons aged 15–54 years in the non-institutionalised civilian population. Diagnoses are based on a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The analysis shows that most cases of lifetime MDD are secondary, in the sense that they occur in people with a prior history of another DSM–III–R disorder. Anxiety disorders are the most common primary disorders. The time-lagged effects of most primary disorders on the risk of subsequent MDD continue for many years without change in magnitude. Secondary MDD is, in general, more persistent and severe than pure or primary MDD. This has special public health significance because lifetime prevalence of secondary MDD has increased in recent cohorts, while the prevalence of pure and primary depression has remained unchanged.
Comorbidity and the General Neurotic Syndrome
Authors: Andrews Gavin
Published: August 2018

The observation that people with an anxiety or depressive disorder also have an increased likelihood of having had other anxiety or depressive disorders in their lifetime means either that the separate causes of these disorders have aggregated, much more than chance would allow, or that some general vulnerability factor has made them liable to each and all of the disorders they report. In this paper, three separate sources of information – symptoms occurring in the general population, disorders occurring in the general population, and disorders occurring in patients who have sought treatment – are reviewed. In all three domains of information, a general vulnerability factor, associated with personality trait measures of high trait anxiety and poor coping, emerges as a principal cause of these symptoms or disorders, and accounts for the majority of the variation in the comorbidity of symptoms or disorders. This vulnerability factor is shown to be under substantial genetic control. Nevertheless it can be modified by appropriate treatment, and prevention strategies exist to reduce the incidence of the anxiety and depressive disorders.
Co-occurrence and Cotransmission of Affective Disorders and Alcoholism in Families
Authors: Maier W. , Merikangas K.
Published: August 2018

The analysis of patterns of co-occurrence and cotransmission of affective disorders and alcoholism in families may provide clues for understanding the excess comorbidity between these conditions in clinical settings and in the general population. This paper reports the results of a family study of the relatives of patients with bipolar disorder, unipolar depression and alcoholism, and combinations thereof. Excess comorbidity between affective disorders and alcoholism was observed in all groups of relatives. However, the sharing of familial aetiological components was not a major contributor to the excess comorbidity between affective disorders and alcoholism. Unipolar depression and alcoholism segregated independently in families, whereas a modest correlation between familial components of alcoholism and bipolar disorder was observed.
Factors which can make Patients Difficult to Treat
Authors: Kane John M.
Published: August 2018

Despite considerable advances in the treatment of schizophrenia, there remains a sizeable subgroup of individuals with this illness who are considered difficult to treat. There are a number of factors which may contribute to this phenomenon and given increasing pressure to reduce health care expenditures, the challenge of managing this patient population is becoming increasingly pressing.
Supraspinal Fatigue and Neural-evoked Responses in Lowlanders and Sherpa at 5050 m
Authors: RUGGIERO LUCA , MCNEIL CHRIS J.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

At high altitude, Lowlanders exhibit exacerbated fatigue and impaired performance. Conversely, Sherpa (native Highlanders) are known for their outstanding performance at altitude. Presently, there are no reports comparing neuromuscular fatigue and its etiology between Lowlanders and Sherpa at altitude.

Methods

At 5050 m, nine age-matched Lowlanders and Sherpa (31 ± 10 vs 30 ± 12 yr, respectively) completed a 4-min sustained isometric elbow flexion at 25% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque. Mid-minute, stimuli were applied to the motor cortex and brachial plexus to elicit a motor-evoked potential and maximal compound muscle action potential (M
max), respectively. Supraspinal fatigue was assessed as the reduction in cortical voluntary activation (cVA) from prefatigue to postfatigue. Cerebral hemoglobin concentrations and tissue oxygenation index (TOI) were measured over the prefrontal cortex by near-infrared spectroscopy.

Results

Prefatigue, MVC torque, and cVA were significantly greater for Lowlanders than Sherpa (79.5 ± 3.6 vs 50.1 ± 11.3 N·m, and 95.4% ± 2.7% vs 88.2% ± 6.6%, respectively). With fatigue, MVC torque and cVA declined similarly for both groups (~24%–26% and ~5%–7%, respectively). During the task, motor-evoked potential area increased more and sooner for Lowlanders (1.5 min) than Sherpa (3.5 min). The M
max area was lower than baseline throughout fatigue for Lowlanders but unchanged for Sherpa. TOI increased earlier for Lowlanders (2 min) than Sherpa (4 min). Total hemoglobin increased only for Lowlanders (2 min). M
max was lower, whereas TOI and total hemoglobin were higher for Lowlanders than Sherpa during the second half of the protocol.

Conclusions

Although neither MVC torque loss nor development of supraspinal fatigue was different between groups, neural-evoked responses and cerebral oxygenation indices were less perturbed in Sherpa. This represents an advantage for maintenance of homeostasis, presumably due to bequeathed genotype and long-term altitude adaptations.
Daytime variation in hepatitis C virus replication kinetics following liver transplant
Authors: Zhuang Xiaodong , Lai Alvina G. , McKeating Jane A. , Rowe Ian , Balfe Peter
Published: August 2018

Background: There is a growing interest in the role of circadian regulated pathways in disease pathogenesis.

Methods: In a cohort of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients undergoing liver transplantation, we observed differences in early viral infection kinetics of the allograft that associated with the time of liver transplant.

Results: A higher frequency of subjects transplanted in the morning showed a rebound in viral RNA levels (n=4/6) during the first week post-surgery. In contrast, no viral rebound was observed in seven subjects transplanted in the afternoon. None of the other parameters previously reported to influence viral replication in the post-transplant setting, such as donor age, cold-ischemia time and length of surgery associated with viral rebound.

Conclusions: These observation highlights a role for circadian processes to regulate HCV infection of the liver and warrants further investigation.
Perioperative factors and pressure ulcer development in postoperative ICU patients: a retrospective review
Authors: Kumta Neha , Coyer Fiona , David Michael
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To identify variables during surgery that may contribute to the development of pressure ulcers (PUs) in postoperative, intensive care unit (ICU) patients within 72 hours of admission, as well as over their entire ICU admission. Furthermore, to investigate how these variables may impact on the number of PUs acquired.

Method:

In a three-year retrospective audit, from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016, data from the electronic medical records of 3484 postoperative ICU patients in a major Australian metropolitan public hospital were retrieved and analysed to investigate associations between perioperative variables and PU occurrence.

Results:

A total of 69 ICU admissions (1.98%) out of 3484 resulted in at least one PU developing within the ICU. No specific variables were associated with the development of a PU within 72 hours of the patient's ICU admission. Multiple regression Cox analysis showed that length of time in the operating theatre (OT) (p=0.045), surgical specialty (p<0.001), 1–4 hypotensive episodes (p=0.017) and >5 hypotensive episodes (p<0.0005) were significantly associated with PU risk. Multivariable negative binomial regression demonstrated APACHE II score (p<0.01), OT time (p<0.01) and surgical specialty (p<0.01) were associated with PU number.

Conclusion:

There are many risks to skin integrity at the perioperative period, and these risks may exert their effect well into the ICU admission period. It is imperative to identify and mitigate these factors in order to reduce PU incidence, morbidity and mortality.
Simplifying wound dressing selection for residential aged care
Authors: Rando Tabatha , Kang Ai Choo , Guerin Michelle , Boylan Jo , Dyer Anthony
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To demonstrate the effectiveness of a simplified wound dressing regimen and develop a decision tree tool for wound management, for use by nurses in a residential aged care setting.

Method:

A three-phase process was used. Firstly, practice was audited, including a cost analysis of existing wound treatment. Secondly, staff were educated on wounds, wound care products and a simplified wound management protocol. In the final phase, the new wound care products and protocol used for skin tears and other wounds (as assessed by a nurse practitioner) were evaluated and ongoing education provided as required.

Results:

A total of 93 residents from two residential aged care facilities participated in the study. Overall, 178 wounds were identified, of which 121 were considered eligible for treatment under the new protocol. The majority of residents were aged >85 years and the major wound type was skin tears 72.7% (n=88). The mean healing time for skin tears was significantly shorter than for other wounds (19.7±14.2 days versus 30.9±25.2 days, p=0.0359). Most wounds were suitable for the simplified dressing selection regimen. Data collected from a survey of nursing staff demonstrated that the simplified protocol products were easy to apply, conformed well, were easy to remove and stayed in place. In addition, patient satisfaction was positive and removal of dressings was generally pain free.

Conclusion:

In summary, data collected from this project showed that the dressings were effective, performed well and simplified wound dressing selection for nursing staff.
Relative movement on the articular surfaces of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints during walking
Authors: Phan C-B. , Nguyen D-P. , Lee K. M. , Koo S.
Published: August 2018

Objectives

The objective of this study was to quantify the relative movement between the articular surfaces in the tibiotalar and subtalar joints during normal walking in asymptomatic individuals.

Methods

3D movement data of the ankle joint complex were acquired from 18 subjects using a biplanar fluoroscopic system and 3D-to-2D registration of bone models obtained from CT images. Surface relative velocity vectors (SRVVs) of the articular surfaces of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints were calculated. The relative movement of the articulating surfaces was quantified as the mean relative speed (RS) and synchronization index (SIENT) of the SRVVs.

Results

SIENTand mean RS data showed that the tibiotalar joint exhibited translational movement throughout the stance, with a mean SIENTof 0.54 (sd 0.21). The mean RS of the tibiotalar joint during the 0% to 20% post heel-strike phase was 36.0 mm/s (sd 14.2), which was higher than for the rest of the stance period. The subtalar joint had a mean SIENTvalue of 0.43 (sd 0.21) during the stance phase and exhibited a greater degree of rotational movement than the tibiotalar joint. The mean relative speeds of the subtalar joint in early (0% to 10%) and late (80% to 90%) stance were 23.9 mm/s (sd 11.3) and 25.1 mm/s (sd 9.5), respectively, which were significantly higher than the mean RS during mid-stance (10% to 80%).

Conclusion

The tibiotalar and subtalar joints exhibited significant translational and rotational movement in the initial stance, whereas only the subtalar joint exhibited significant rotational movement during the late stance. The relative movement on the articular surfaces provided deeper insight into the interactions between articular surfaces, which are unobtainable using the joint coordinate system. Cite this article: C-B. Phan, D-P. Nguyen, K. M. Lee, S. Koo. Relative movement on the articular surfaces of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints during walking. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:501–507. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.78.BJR-2018-0014.R1.
Current Grain Storage and Safety Practices of Ohio Cash Grain Operators
Authors: Geng Yang , Jepsen S. Dee
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Hazards associated with grain storage facilities are a contributing factor to agricultural injuries and are a perpetual problem for Ohio farmers, especially as on-farm grain storage facilities continue to grow in popularity with producers. To establish effective injury prevention programs, safety professionals must first understand how the industry operates, the culture of the workers, and the current practices used to avoid injuries. This research project was designed to bridge the gap between what is currently known about the hazards that exist on Ohio’s farms, specifically how safety and health information is incorporated at the grain handling and storage facilities. Using a four-part survey, 182 cash grain operators, comprising a convenience sample of farmers attending educational events, were surveyed to determine the type of grain storage and handling facilities used on their farms, the occurrence of out-of-condition grain, and the health and safety factors practiced at these facilities, including their knowledge about potential hazards. Results indicated that the farmers preferred to get safety knowledge from a course or seminar (53.6%) or by reading a magazine or periodical (38.8%). The surveyed farmers indicated that they had higher knowledge of the safety risks of out-of-condition grain than of the health effects from exposure to out-of-condition grain (p < 0.01). They identified personal protective equipment (PPE) as their primary measure to prevent injuries, with the top PPE items being respirators, safety glasses, hearing protection, and gloves. Farmers who encountered out-of-condition grain reported more employees on their farms compared to the other farmers in the sample and reported higher use of PPE. While these results cannot be generalized to Ohio’s entire population of cash grain farmers, they provide a good understanding of the on-farm grain storage and management practices, which will allow a more targeted intervention plan, both in better engineering controls and in future outreach programs. Keywords: Grain storage, PPE use, Health, Safety.
A “Culture” Shift: Broad Bacterial Detection, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Directly from Whole Blood
Authors: Andini Nadya , Hu Anne , Zhou Luming , Cogill Steven , Wang Tza-Huei , Wittwer Carl T , Yang Samuel
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

The time required for bloodstream pathogen detection, identification (ID), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) does not satisfy the acute needs of disease management. Conventional methods take up to 3 days for ID and AST. Molecular diagnostics have reduced times for ID, but their promise to supplant culture is unmet because AST times remain slow. We developed a combined quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based ID+AST assay with sequential detection, ID, and AST of leading nosocomial bacterial pathogens.

METHODS

ID+AST was performed on whole blood samples by (a) removing blood cells, (b) brief bacterial enrichment, (c) bacterial detection and ID, and (d) species-specific antimicrobial treatment. Broad-spectrum qPCR of the internal transcribed spacer between the 16S and 23S was amplified for detection. High-resolution melting identified the species with a curve classifier. AST was enabled by Ct differences between treated and untreated samples.

RESULTS

A detection limit of 1 CFU/mL was achieved for Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. All species were accurately identified by unique melting curves. Antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations were identified with Ct differences of ≥1 cycle. Using an RNA target allowed reduction of AST incubation time from 60 min to 5 min. Rapid-cycle amplification reduced qPCR times by 83% to 30 min.

CONCLUSIONS

Combined, sequential ID+AST protocols allow rapid and reliable detection, ID, and AST for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections, enabling conversion of empiric to targeted therapy by the second dose of antimicrobials.
Gramaticalização do item Linguístico Mesmo: Funções Polissêmicas do Uso
Authors: Dantas Maria Leuziedna , Uchoa Sayonara Abrantes de Oliveira , Cabral Symara Abrantes Albuquerque de Oliveira , Nunes Ginete Cavalcante
Published: August 2018

A proposta deste trabalho é analisar as funções polissêmicas ativadas pelos valores focalizadores apresentados pelo item linguístico mesmo, a partir dos meandros discursivo-pragmáticos motivados pelos contextos de uso da Língua, nos processos de interação entre os falantes. Os dados considerados para a análise sincrônica provêm de entrevistas que integram o Corpus Discurso & Gramática: a língua falada e escrita na cidade de Natal-RN. Para tanto nos respaldamos em Martelotta e Frederico (2009), Hopper e Traugott (2003), Heine e Kuteva (2007) que tratam do papel dos valores focalizadores apresentados por esse item, assim como a trajetória de gramaticalização. Os dados apontam que o valor concessivo de aspecto conjuncional atesta a hipótese de que o item mesmo reflete uma trajetória de gramaticalização, já que a inter(subjetividade) nos usos motiva a relação de decategorização desse item.
A general overview of Turkish tourism
Authors: Karadeniz Oğuzhan
Published: August 2018

International tourist movements are increasing every year and tourism revenues are increasing accordingly. The effort to get more shares from this growing market brings competition. when the tourism movements in the country were examined, the revival of the tourism movements took place only in the 1980s, with a record increase in the number of tourists and tourism revenues between 1983-1989. As of 2017 Turkey has regained its sixth world status which it lost in 2016. The most improvement in the number and the ratio of the tourists who came to our country between 2014 and 2018 are from the former Soviet Union and B.D.T. countries. From these countries, Russia has become the country that sends the highest number of tourists to Turkey with 4 715 438 tourists in 2017, compared to 2016 with an increase of 444.35%.  It is thought that our country will be among the top 5 countries in the world by giving more opportunity to the promotion of tourism places, and working on alternative tourism places. Especially, it is predicted that the number of foreign visitors will increase greatly by increasing the number of airports constructed in various places of our country, including Airport 3 in Istanbul. The investments made for the development and spread of the tourism in our country will increase the number of tourists coming in and it is thought that it will make a big contribution in the economic sense as well. In this research, it is aimed to present proposals for the development of tourism by examining the development of Turkish tourism in recent years in this direction.
The Crucial Role of Cultural Probes in Participatory Design for and with Older Adults
Authors: Maaß Susanne , Buchmüller Sandra
Published: August 2018

Software systems meant to support older adults often are not well accepted as they do not meet the expectations and requirements of the target group. An involvement of older adults in system design seems imperative. The project ParTec investigated and evaluated techniques for participatory software development with regard to their suitability for communication and equal cooperation with older adults. With a group of 15 retirees we developed concepts for an online neighbourhood platform. Using various participatory techniques researchers and participants developed a deep common understanding of everyday life in early retirement, determined requirements and co-created design ideas and concepts. We will show that the use of cultural probes with subsequent qualitative interviews forms an ideal starting point and a strong fundament for a participatory design process with older adults.
Virtual Prototyping of Mixed Reality Interfaces with Internet of Things (IoT) Connectivity
Authors: Pfeiffer Thies , Pfeiffer-Leßmann Nadine
Published: August 2018

One key aspect of the Internet of Things (IoT) is, that human machine interfaces are disentangled from the physicality of the devices. This provides designers with more freedom, but also may lead to more abstract interfaces, as they lack the natural context created by the presence of the machine. Mixed Reality (MR) on the other hand, is a key technology that enables designers to create user interfaces anywhere, either linked to a physical context (augmented reality, AR) or embedded in a virtual context (virtual reality, VR). Especially today, designing MR interfaces is a challenge, as there is not yet a common design language nor a set of standard functionalities or patterns. In addition to that, neither customers nor future users have substantial experiences in using MR interfaces.

Prototypes can contribute to overcome this gap, as they continuously provide user experiences of increasing realism along the design process. We present ExProtoVAR, a tool that supports quick and lightweight prototyping of MR interfaces for IoT using VR technology.
Two characterizations of finite nilpotent groups
Authors: Cocke William
Published: August 2018

In this note we give two characterizations of finite nilpotent groups. First, we show that a finite group G is not p-nilpotent if and only if it contains two elements of order

q
k

{q^{k}}

, for q a prime different than p, whose product has order p or possibly 4 if

p
=
2

{p=2}

. We also show that the set of words on two variables where the total degree of each variable is

±
1

{\pm 1}

can be used to characterize finite nilpotent groups. Using this characterization we show that if a finite group is not nilpotent, then there is a word map of specified form for which the corresponding probability distribution is not uniform.
Quasi-solution of linear inverse problems in non-reflexive Banach spaces
Authors: Clason Christian , Klassen Andrej
Published: August 2018

We consider the method of quasi-solutions (also referred to as Ivanov regularization) for the regularization of linear ill-posed problems in non-reflexive Banach spaces. Using the equivalence to a metric projection onto the image of the forward operator, it is possible to show regularization properties and to characterize parameter choice rules that lead to a convergent regularization method, which includes the Morozov discrepancy principle. Convergence rates in a suitably chosen Bregman distance can be obtained as well.
We also address the numerical computation of quasi-solutions to inverse source problems for partial differential equations in

L
∞

⁢

(
Ω
)

{L^{\infty}(\Omega)}

using a semi-smooth Newton method and a backtracking line search for the parameter choice according to the discrepancy principle.
Numerical examples illustrate the behavior of quasi-solutions in this setting.
Random attractors for stochastic retarded reaction-diffusion equations with multiplicative white noise on unbounded domains
Authors: Jia Xiaoyao , Ding Xiaoquan , Gao Juanjuan
Published: August 2018

In this paper we investigate the stochastic retarded reaction-diffusion equations with multiplicative white noise on unbounded domain ℝ
n
(n ≥ 2). We first transform the retarded reaction-diffusion equations into the deterministic reaction-diffusion equations with random parameter by Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Next, we show the original equations generate the random dynamical systems, and prove the existence of random attractors by conjugation relation between two random dynamical systems. In this process, we use the cut-off technique to obtain the pullback asymptotic compactness.
Weighted uniform density ideals
Authors: Tryba Jacek
Published: August 2018

Weighted uniform densities are a generalization of the uniform density, which is also known as the Banach density. In this paper, we introduce the concept of weighted uniform density ideals and consider the topological complexity of these ideals as well as when they have certain analytical properties related to the ideal convergence of sequences and series. Furthermore, we prove some inequalities between different upper and lower weighted uniform densities and give the answer to the problem concerning the Darboux property of these densities.
The drazin inverse of the sum of two matrices
Authors: Mosić Dijana
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we present new explicit formulas for the Drazin inverse of the sum of two matrices, under conditions weaker than those used in some recent results.
Some improvements of the young mean inequality and its reverse
Authors: Khosravi Maryam
Published: August 2018

The main objective of the present paper, is to obtain some new versions of Young-type inequalities with respect to two weighted arithmetic and geometric means and their reverses, using two inequalities

K

(

b
a

,
2

)

r

≤

a

∇

ν

b

a

♯

ν

b

≤
K

(

b
a

,
2

)

R

,

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
K\Big(\frac{b}{a},2\Big)^r\leq\frac{a\nabla_{\nu}b}{a\sharp_{\nu}b}\leq K\Big(\frac{b}{a},2\Big)^R,
\end{array}$$

where r = min{ν, 1 – ν}, R = max{ν,1 – ν} and K(t,2) =

(
t
+
1

)
2

4
t

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\frac{(t+1)^2}{4t}
\end{array}$

is the Kantorovich constant, and

e
(

h

−
1

,
ν
)
≤

a

∇

ν

b

a

♯

ν

b

≤
e
(
h
,
ν
)
,

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
e(h^{-1},\nu)\leq\frac{a\nabla_{\nu}b}{a\sharp_{\nu}b}\leq e(h,\nu),
\end{array}$$

where h = max

{

a
b

,

b
a

}

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\{\frac{a}{b},\frac{b}{a}\}
\end{array}$

and
e(t,ν) = exp (4ν(1 – ν)(K(t,2)–1)

(
1
−

1

2
t

)

)

.

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
(1-\frac{1}{2t})\big).
\end{array}$

Also some operator versions of these inequalities and some inequalities related to Heinz mean are proved.
Diophantine quadruples with values in k-generalized Fibonacci numbers
Authors: Ruiz Carlos Alexis Gómez , Luca Florian
Published: August 2018

We consider for integers k ≥ 2 the k–generalized Fibonacci sequences F
(k) :=

(

F
n

(
k
)

)

n
≥
2
−
k

,

$\begin{array}{}
(F_n^{(k)})_{n\geq 2-k},
\end{array} $

whose first k terms are 0, …, 0, 1 and each term afterwards is the sum of the preceding k terms. In this paper, we show that there does not exist a quadruple of positive integers a
1 < a
2 < a
3 < a
4 such that ai

aj
+ 1 (i ≠ j) are all members of F
(k).
Preparation and characterization of poly(lactic acid)/sisal fiber bio-composites under continuous elongation flow
Authors: Tan Yongbin , Zhang Xiaoqiu , Qu Jin-ping
Published: August 2018

In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix bio-composites reinforced with various quantities of sisal fibers (SFs) (from 10% to 50% in weight) were fabricated by using a self-made vane mixer, which can generate continuous elongation flow. The morphology, crystallization, and mechanical properties of PLA/SF bio-composites under continuous elongation flow were investigated. Scanning electron microscopic images showed that SFs were uniformly dispersed in the matrix and oriented along the extrusion direction. Meanwhile, it was found that the diameter of SFs decreased from 250 to 20 μm, which certified that continuous elongation flow remarkably affected the separation of elementary fibers from fiber bundles. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicated that the addition of SFs promoted the crystallization of PLA as well as increased the crystallinity of PLA. The mechanical tests exhibited that both impact strength and tensile modulus were significantly enhanced (about 64% and 94.63%, respectively) with SFs loading at 40%, which was due to the well dispersion and separation of elementary fibers.
Stoics and Their Critics on Diachronic Identity
Authors: Sedley David
Published: August 2018

This article is a return to a theme I first tackled in “The Stoic criterion of identity” (1982): the Academics’ ‘Growing Argument’ (auxanomenos logos) and the Stoic response to its attack on diachronic identity. This time my aim is to separate out approximately five different stages of the debate between the two schools. This will be done by shifting more of the focus onto developments that seem likely to belong to the late second and/or early first century BC.
Economic Efficiency of Rectifying AOQL Plans Based on the EWMA Statistic
Authors: Kaspříková Nikola
Published: August 2018

Rectifying Average Outgoing Quality Limit (AOQL) acceptance sampling plans that minimize the mean inspection cost per lot of the process average quality were originally designed by Dodge and Romig for inspection by attributes. Plans for inspection by variables were then proposed; such plans may be more economically efficient than the corresponding attribute sampling plans. The new AOQL variable sampling plans, which minimize the mean inspection cost per lot of the process average quality when the remainder of the rejected lots are inspected, are introduced in this article. The new plans are based on the usage of the exponentially weighted moving average statistic, and the economic advantages of the new plans over the existing plans with respect to savings in the cost of the inspection are discussed. The economic efficiency of the new plans is evaluated using cost models that consider differences in both variable and fixed costs. The methods for the calculation of the proposed plans have been implemented in a free software, i.e., the contributed package LTPDvar for the R computing environment.
Immediate-Early Promoter-Driven Transgenic Reporter System for Neuroethological Research in a Hemimetabolous Insect
Authors: Watanabe Takayuki , Ugajin Atsushi , Aonuma Hitoshi
Published: August 2018

Genes expressed in response to increased neuronal activity are widely used as activity markers in recent behavioral neuroscience. In the present study, we established transgenic reporter system for whole-brain activity mapping in the two-spotted cricketGryllus bimaculatus, a hemimetabolous insect used in neuroethology and behavioral ecology. In the cricket brain, a homolog ofearly growth response-1(Gryllus egr-B) was rapidly induced as an immediate-early gene (IEG) in response to neuronal hyperexcitability. The upstream genomic fragment ofGryllus egr-Bcontains potential binding sites for transcription factors regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways, as well as core promoter elements conserved across insect/crustaceanegr-Bhomologs. Using the upstream genomic fragment ofGryllus egr-B,we established an IEG promoter-driven transgenic reporter system in the cricket. In the brain of transgenic crickets, the reporter gene (a nuclear-targeted destabilized EYFP) was induced in response to neuronal hyperexcitability. Inducible expression of reporter protein was detected in almost all neurons after neuronal hyperexcitability. Using our novel reporter system, we successfully detected neuronal activation evoked by feeding in the cricket brain. Our IEG promoter-driven activity reporting system allows us to visualize behaviorally relevant neural circuits at cellular resolution in the cricket brain.
Staging the Last Judgment in the Trial of Charles I
Authors: Peters Julie Stone
Published: August 2018

The trial of Charles I (said mid-seventeenth-century radical Protestants) was “a Resemblance and Representation of the great day of Judgement.” Situating the trial in its theological and iconographic context, viewing it as an expression of broader Puritan performance culture, this essay offers a close reading of its staging, arguing that we should view the assertion that the trial resembled Judgment Day not as an abstract theological aspiration but as a concrete description of the trial’s visual, spatial, and dramatic representation of the Last Judgment.
Austen Equilibrium
Authors: Banerjee Trisha Urmi
Published: August 2018

By proposing a quantitative game-theory model of the marriage plot in Jane Austen’s Emma, this essay demonstrates that free-market moral philosophy underwrites Austen’s representation of matrimony and key formal elements of her writing—particularly, matters of verbal profusion. Her famed stylistic “economy” is revealed to be structured by the emerging capitalist economy that Adam Smith theorized in The Wealth of Nations. Establishing the correspondences among several kinds of economy, the essay unites economic and formal approaches to Austen’s work.
Unit
Authors: Shanken Andrew M.
Published: August 2018

This essay peers through the peephole of the word unit to reveal the word’s journey across multiple fields from the mid-nineteenth century through the present. A keyword hidden in plain sight, unit links science and the world of measurement to society (family units), politics (political units), architecture (housing units), cities (neighborhood units), and, more recently, big data, the carceral state (crime units), and managerial oversight.
Іmplementation of valuable-oriented project management in the sphere of public administration
Authors: Мolokanova V. M.
Published: August 2018

The article considers issues related to the implementation of the methodology of project management in the field of public administration. The achievements of the value-oriented project methodology, which have not yet adequately worked out in professional publications on public administration in Ukraine, are considered. Based on the terminology definitions proposed in the knowledge system of PMI standards, a comparative review of the main aspects of project management in the context of public administration carried out. Based on the study of the current state of the general theory of systems, its division into «hard» and «soft» system approaches considered and their main differences presented. A «soft» system approach related to intangible categories refers to such poorly formalized concepts as motivation, dynamic leadership, and a hierarchy of values, devotion, and diligence. The study emphasizes that the objects of transformation in project management are artificial and natural systems, and the basis for project-based management of system development is the concepts of 5P, 4P and 3P. Existing concepts, models and methods of development management through projects analyzed. Based on the analysis of the dominant organizational values in projects and their compliance with established project management practices, it was estimated that the management of development projects should viewed from the perspective of a fundamentally new paradigm - as a systemic development activity based on the theory of value evolution. Consideration of value-oriented development management through projects allows a methodology development for evolutionary development of territories, based on a systematic approach and studying the dominant values of the community. In the study, it is determined that although the project approach increasingly used in Ukraine to manage the development of territories, for many acute problems there is no program management and almost no portfolio management of development. The problems of incomplete application of the methodology of project management in the system of public development management in Ukraine highlighted. The using of the value-oriented methodology of project management for management of regional development of regions will improve the quality of planning and efficiency of the implementation of projects and programs. The current regulatory framework for the development and implementation of state target programs, which regulated by the laws of Ukraine, does not meet the requirements of time. Therefore, Ukraine needs improving of the legislative framework for state programs and mass retraining of all levels managers to master the methodology and project management tools.
Approach to maturity assessing of community-based local development network sytem’s
Authors: Borysenko Y. V. , Mаmаtоvа Т. V.
Published: August 2018

In order to find out and evaluate various aspects of the development of social and technical systems, a wide range of approaches has been developed in recent years.Models that describe the stages (levels) of the organization’s development, called Maturity Models. Currently, the International Organization for Standardization defines the concept of «maturity model» as a model that reflects the necessary elements of effective processes and describes the way for continuous improvement from immature processes to regulated mature processes with improved qualities and efficiency. In the conditions of decentralization in Ukraine, a key role in the implementation of the community-based approach to local development starts to play a complex of network systems that are currently being formed. Maturity models may also be used to assess the degree of such systems’ development and determine the directions for their further improvement. The study highlighted that the beginning of the 21st century has given rise to a large number of research and practical implementation of the maturity models proposed by academics and professional organizations: technological, project, process, organizational, etc. Consequently, the article deals with the issues related to the definition of peculiarities of the community-based network systems’ assessment, which have not yet found sufficient work in the specialized publications on public administration in Ukraine. On the basis of the modern approaches to the organizational maturity assessment the study proposed the development of an approach to determining the levels of the local development network systems’ maturity. Moreover, the study suggested a Prism model of a community-based local development network systems’ maturity. This model provides the possibility of using maturity matrices in three dimensions, which ensure the success of activities in this area: maturity in the community-based local development; project maturity; network interaction maturity. To measure, it this study proposed to use four levels of a qualitative scale: «know» – «understand» – «use» – «develop». As a result, prospects for further research are defined: the further elaboration of a maturity indicators’ complex of community-based local development network system Maturity Model and the formation of corresponding matrices with a description of the characteristics of each level and transitions to the next level of maturity are determined.
Subjects and objects of public administration in the sphere of fire safety in Ukraine
Authors: Govorun S. V.
Published: August 2018

The article analyzes the current state of the normative and legal support of the activity of public administration bodies in the field of fire safety of Ukraine. Their place, role and functions in providing fire safety, the need for further regulation and improvement of regulatory and legal regulation in this field are considered in order to optimize the work of state bodies in the field of fire safety of Ukraine, eliminating duplication of their functions. The subjects and objects of public administration in the field of fire safety in Ukraine, which are enshrined in normative-legal acts, are analyzed. It’s proposed to make changes to the system of the current legislation in Ukraine in the field of fire safety, in particular the Code of Civil Protection of Ukraine (2012) and constructed a prescriptive model of the subject-object legal relations of the state fire safety management.
The future of the EU in the context of scenarios for its development by 2025
Authors: Rudik O. М.
Published: August 2018

The article researches the scenarios for the future development of the EU by 2025 proposed by the European Commission. The white paper on the future of EU looks at how Europe will change in the next decade, from the impact of new technologies on society and jobs, to doubts about globalization, security concerns and the rise of populism. The European Commission emphasizes that the Europe’s role as a positive global force is more important today than ever. However, under the pressure of global competition the United Europe’s place in the world and its economic weight are shrinking, which is a solid foundation for preserving the unity of the Union for the sake of achieving greater. On the contrary, the most desirable scenario, as can be seen from the speech by the President of the European Commission, is to give the European Union a greater amount of power, resources and decision-making powers. As a result, cooperation between the EU-27 Member States will deepen in all areas than ever before.

The White Paper outlines ve main scenarios («Carrying on», «Nothing but the single market», «Those who want more do more», «Doing less more e ciently», «Doing much more together»), each of them provides an opportunity to look at the possible state of a airs in the Union by 2025, depending on the choice that the EU will make by 2019. In the opinion of Jean-Claude Juncker, the most negative scenario of the EU development, and therefore extremely undesirable, is to bring its goals to purely economic, focusing the Union’s activities on the development of a single internal market and ensuring its uninterrupted functioning («Nothing but the single market» scenario).

Based on data from the European Commission the author shows and brie y describes the key advantages and disadvantages of each of the scenarios. The common features of these scenarios are outlined: rst, they all come from the fact that the United Kingdom withdraws from the EU; secondly, none of them doubts the need to preserve the euro as common currency and the Schengen zone, thirdly, neither the scenarios refers to further EU enlargement. Since none of the proposed scenarios provides for the complete disintegration of the EU, that is, the disappearance of it as a geopolitical actor, it is concluded that in the strategic perspective all the outlined models of the EU’s future development suit Ukraine. Moreover, the steps recently proposed by the President of Ukraine and the European Parliament for deepening the economic integration of Ukraine with the EU and its association with the Schengen area also does not contradict any of the scenarios.
Художньо-естетична культура особистості ХХІ століття: особливості формування та чинники трансформації
Authors: Yashina O. M.
Published: August 2018

Розкрито зміст головних соціально-культурних процесів, що впливають на формування художньо-естетичних цінностей та культури сучасної людини, до яких віднесено процеси глобалізації, інформатизації, постмодернізації, індивідуалізації. Виділено такі ключові характеристики художньо-естетичної культури особистості ХХІ століття, як ціннісний плюралізм, свобода самореалізації та самопрезентації суб’єкта, інтегральне бачення особистості в єдності духовного та тілесного, етичного та естетичного, персоналізація та віртуалізація художньої творчості. З’ясовано основні ризики та виклики, що супроводжують формування художньо-естетичної культури особистості, до яких віднесено: поширення ідеологій гедонізму та нарцисизму, множинність та контекстуальність ідентичностей особистості, знецінення художнього твору у медіа-середовищі.
Проблема перевода и герменевтический канон Э. Бетти
Authors: Bevz N. V.
Published: August 2018

Выполненная в статье аналитическая работа проясняет взаимосвязь между различными философскими подходами к проблеме интерпретации. Проведение такого анализа вызвано необходимостью оценки степени применимости принципов современной философской герменевтики к общей методологии перевода. В ходе исследования было определено, что концептуальные построения в сфере теории перевода испытывают влияние со стороны как герменевтики гадамеровского типа, так и ее постсовременных радикализаций, однако такая излишняя нагруженность постсовременными философскими установками вызывает определенные деформации и в практике перевода. Было выяснено, что техники реконтекстуализации и стратегии «мультипликации интерпретаций» вполне уместны в качестве способов продуцирования философских и художественных текстов, однако в случае необходимости адекватной трансляции исходного смысла подмена переводчиком авторской основы произведения произвольными смысловыми дубликатами абсолютно недопустима. В качестве одного из наиболее эффективных методологических «предохранителей» от негативного влияния «расширенной герменевтики» ХХ века предлагается использовать герменевтические принципы Эмилио Бетти, возвращающие герменевтику в русло научной объективности и ориентирующие любую герменевтическую практику на адекватное представление в интерпретации исходного авторского смысла.
Критика ісламськими вченими радикального салафізму
Authors: Nesprava M. V.
Published: August 2018

Встановлено, що радикальний салафізм викликає значну критику у відомих мусульманських вчених різних мазхабів. Виявлено, що, на думку Равіля Гайнутдіна та Рамадана аль-Буті, салафізм виникає набагато пізніше епохи салафів, що спростовує претензію представників радикального салафізму на нібито історичну фундованість особливого статусу салафізму в ісламі. Р. Гайнутдін вважає, що салафізм виник не раніше Х століття, а аль-Буті аргументує, що це сталося тільки у ХІХ столітті. З’ясовано, що критика салафітами нововведень у релігії та житті мусульман викликає спротив мусульманських вчених, які вказують, що, по-перше, самі салафи, тобто перші три покоління мусульман, яких салафіти називають взірцем, припускали можливість певних нововведень, а по-друге, салафізм як такий є нововведенням. Показано, що застосування радикальними салафітами практики такфіру критикується мусульманськими вченими як невідповідне ісламському вченню. Так,  Р. Гайнутдін пише, що звинувачувати в невір’ї має Суддя Судного дня, а не салафіти. Виявлено, що, з точки зору Р. Гайнутдіна та аль-Буті, нетерпимість до інакомислячих, яка притаманна представникам радикального салафізму, є деструктивною, адже веде до розколу мусульманської умми та розпалювання конфліктів. Також у статті показано деструктивний характер джихадійського салафізму.
Теоретичне підґрунтя радикального салафізму
Authors: Nesprava M. V.
Published: August 2018

Показано, що, будучи одним із потужних напрямків в ісламі, салафізм має не тільки самобутній набір релігійних уявлень та практик, але й власну теоретико-релігійну основу у вигляді специфічної релігійно-правової та релігійно-філософської традиції тлумачення мусульманського вчення. З’ясовано, що у складуванні теоретичної бази салафізму наявні два наступних етапи: релігійно-правовий, який представлений, зокрема, ідеями таких мислителів, як Ахмад ібн Ханбаль та Мухаммад ібн Абд аль-Ваххаб ібн Сулейман ат-Тамімі; а також релігійно-філософський етап, який представлений, зокрема, такими авторами, як Абу аль-Ала Маудуді та Саїд Кутб. Було аргументовано, що специфічність тлумачення салафітами понять «таухід», «такфір», «джихад» складають ядро самобутності теоретичної бази радикального салафізму. Вказано, що ідею таухіду салафіти тлумачать, по-перше, надзвичайно ригористично, а по-друге, проеціюючи релігійні уявлення на політико-правову сферу. Практику «такфіру» салафіти тлумачать дуже широко, вважаючи, що звинувачення у куфрі може бути спрямовано не тільки на представників усіх релігій, окрім ісламу, але і на мусульман, які не хочуть власними діями доводити те, що вони не є мушріками. Серед тлумачень джихаду радикальні салафіти вважають можливим пропагувати та практикувати «джихад у формі меча» не тільки в якості засобу захисту, але і як наступальний засіб.