bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic loss assessment of existing hotel building in Ecuador
Authors: Poveda Jose , O’Reilly Gerard J
Published: December 2024

This article presents results from a case study seismic assessment of an existing hotel structure located in Quito, Ecuador, using a practice-oriented story-loss-based assessment methodology. The building, constructed in the late 1950s and considered a city landmark, has undergone several renovations and repairs but has yet to be seismically retrofitted. A detailed building survey was conducted, and extensive data on structural layout, dynamic characteristics, and the damageable inventory was developed with the aid of Building Information Modeling. The building numerical models were compared against available ambient noise vibration measurements, and using the collected survey data, fragility and vulnerability functions were derived from non-linear dynamic analyses. The results showed that the building has a notable expected annual loss, primarily due to repair costs associated with nonstructural elements and contributions from potential collapse. Overall, the results provide a benchmark example for conducting seismic loss assessment of non-code-compliant and other vulnerable structures in Ecuador and the South American context in general.
Evaluation of disease knowledge and attitude with selected self-care and sociodemographic factors among outpatients with hypertension: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Aje Akinniyi A. , Fakeye Titilayo O.
Published: December 2024

Background

Lots of interplays between many patient-related factors may influence disease progression among patients with hypertension. This study evaluated disease knowledge and attitude, as well as selected self-care and sociodemographic factors among patients with hypertension.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out among outpatients with hypertension in a cross-sectional study involving three tertiary hospitals. An interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was administered for data collection.

Results

Self-reported medication adherence revealed that majority, 180(60.4%), had high medication adherence out of 298 that participated. Medication discrepancy was observed among 153(51.3%) patients, while 131(44.0%) had high health literacy and blood pressure was controlled among 200 (67.1%) patients. Average hypertension knowledge assessment score was 10.89 ± 1.79 out of a maximum obtainable score of 13. Average hypertension attitude score was 52.60 ± 5.49, out of the maximum obtainable of 60. Significant associations observed with patients’ hypertension knowledge were with disease control (Beta = − 0.484, p = 0.019), educational level (Beta = 1.260, p < 0.001) and disease attitude (Beta = 0.698, p < 0.001); while significant association with disease attitude were with age (Beta = 2.360, p < 0.001) and disease knowledge (Beta = 2.637, p < 0.001). Significant differences were observed between hypertension knowledge and level of formal education (p < 0.001), health literacy (p < 0.001) and disease attitude (p < 0.001); while for disease attitude, significant differences were observed with patients’ age (p = 0.002), level of formal education (p = 0.005), and health literacy (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed between patients’ age and medication discrepancy (p = 0.047), medication adherence and age (p = 0.046), level of formal education and health literacy (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Disease knowledge and attitude among the patients were satisfactory, and the majority were medication adherent. Health literacy level was average. The determinants of disease knowledge are disease control, educational level and disease attitude while for disease attitude are age and disease knowledge.
The association of snoring, growth, and metabolic risk factors at the age of two years
Authors: Katila Maija , Satomaa Anna-Liisa , Himanen Sari-Leena , Saha Marja-Terttu , Vuorela Nina , Paunio Tiina , Paavonen E. Juulia , Saarenpää-Heikkilä Outi
Published: December 2024

Background and aims

This observational study examined the association of snoring and growth during early childhood and the cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors based on blood samples at the age of two years.

Methods and results

The sample comprised 78 children from the CHILD-SLEEP birth cohort with full-night polysomnography (PSG) and a questionnaire consisting of parts concerning the child's sleep and environmental factors at 24 months. The growth charts were collected from well-baby clinics. Metabolic blood samples were drawn from 31 children.

There were no statistically significant differences in the growth parameters of snoring children compared to controls during the first two years of life. However, in linear regression models, snoring time in PSG significantly predicted lower levels of HDL (β = -0.484, p = 0.007) and ApoA1 (β = -0.451, p = 0.049) and higher levels of hs-CRP (β = 0.410, p = 0.019).

Conclusion

In conclusion, in Finnish children the levels of HDL and ApoA1 were inversely related to the snoring time in PSG. In addition, the snoring time in PSG significantly predicted higher levels of hs-CRP. These results suggest that snoring in early childhood could negatively alter the serum metabolic profile, adding to the risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.
Electrical properties of chelating copolymers and their metal complexes: binary chelating copolymers of styrene with organic acids
Authors: Yahia Mohamed , Refaat Dalia , El-Enany Gaber , Abd El-Ghaffar Mahmoud Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Background

The emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomers has been extensively researched, but copolymerization with crotonic acid or cinnamic acid is relatively uncommon. These acids are capable of coordinating with other metal ions. Our previous research has focused on synthesizing and characterizing copolymers of butyl acrylate (BuA)/vinyl acetate (VAc) and styrene-BuA using emulsion techniques, specifically for paint applications. The current work aimed to synthesize and characterize three binary chelating copolymers of styrene with maleic, cinnamic, and crotonic acids. In addition, the prepared chelating copolymers were treated with water and soluble salts of copper and iron for complex formation. Additionally, the characterization and electrical properties of these copolymers were investigated.

Results

This article reports the synthesis of three binary copolymers of styrene with cinnamic, crotonic, and maleic acids via an emulsion polymerization process using a redox initiation system of potassium persulfate/glucose in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as an emulsifier. The prepared emulsions of the copolymers were precipitated and purified using Soxhlet extraction in a mixture of n-hexane and toluene. Spectroscopic measurements, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), in addition to thermal analysis methods like thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to characterize the copolymers that were synthesized. The metal complexes of the chelating copolymers were prepared by treatment with soluble metal salts of Co(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III), purified, and characterized via IR, PXRD, TGA, and DSC. The semiconducting properties of the chelating polymers and their metal complexes were demonstrated through conductivity measurements taken at room temperature. The conductivity values ranged from 10−3 to 10−6 Ω−1 cm−1.

Conclusion

The research underscores the significance of the electrical characteristics of chelating copolymers and their metal complexes, particularly focusing on styrene-based binary chelating copolymers, in driving advancements in technology, science, and economic development.
Accrual Suspensions in Seamless Phase II/III Trials: A Review of NRG Oncology Trials
Authors: Hu Chen , Freidlin Boris , Korn Edward L.
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE

A phase II/III trial is a type of phase III trial that has embedded in it an intermediate phase II go/no-go decision as to whether to continue the accrual to the phase III sample size. We examine the design characteristics and experience of a well-defined set of National Cancer Institute phase II/III trials, with special emphasis on designed accrual suspensions while awaiting the data to become mature enough for the phase II analysis. This experience is used to highlight the potential of using a calendar backstop to avoid an inordinately long accrual suspension.

METHODS

We identified all phase II/III trials conducted by NRG Oncology or its precursor National Cancer Institute Cooperative Groups (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Gynecologic Oncology Group, and National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project). The design characteristics were recorded, and, for completed trials, the trial results in terms of sample sizes and timing of analyses were tabulated.

RESULTS

Twenty-two trials were identified, 14 of which had a time-to-event end point for their phase II component. Thirteen of these 14 trials had designed accrual suspensions. Seven of the eight completed trials had designed accrual suspensions, all of which went on longer than their projected suspension times (3-20 months longer than planned). The trade-offs for using a backstop are discussed using one of these trials as an example.

CONCLUSION

Phase II/III trials with an accrual suspension and a predefined backstop for the phase II analysis can be a useful tool for minimizing patient exposure to ineffective experimental treatments while still obtaining the trial results in a timely fashion.
Diazoxide-Responsive Hypoglycemia in a Child Receiving Dasatinib for Treatment of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Berra Madalin , Biro Juliana , Kashmiri Himala , Daniels Mark
Published: December 2024

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are being used more regularly in treatment regimens for pediatric cancers. They have distinct side effect profiles, including endocrinopathies. Here we present a 2-year-old boy with Philadelphia chromosome–like (Ph-like) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed refractory hypoglycemia after using dasatinib. His evaluation was suggestive of hyperinsulinism, and his symptoms were ultimately controlled with diazoxide. There have not been any published data exploring the relationship between TKIs and glycemic profiles in pediatric patients. In adults, there is research indicating that patients using TKIs could experience both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The pathophysiology of these side effects is not well described, nor are the risk factors for development. More research is needed to understand these relationships in general, but particularly in the pediatric population.
Primary Unilateral Adrenal Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Remission by Chemotherapy
Authors: Goto Daisuke , Takeshita Yumie , Nagai Kosuke , Goto Hisanori , Nakano Yujiro , Takamura Toshinari
Published: December 2024

Primary malignant lymphomas originating in the adrenal gland, particularly of T-cell origin, are extremely rare. Here we present the primary unilateral adrenal anaplastic large cell lymphoma case. A 64-year-old Japanese male initially presented with fatigue and appetite loss. Computed tomography imaging revealed a unilateral adrenal mass with multiorgan invasion, posing challenges in differentiation from adrenal carcinoma. A biopsy from the metastatic site in the right lateral vastus muscle was obtained, and immunohistochemistry revealed that tumor cells were positive for CD30 and CD56 and negative for CD3, CD15, CD20, CD43, perforin, granzyme B, epithelial membrane antigen, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Ultimately, the patient was diagnosed with primary unilateral adrenal anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Although he achieved complete response to chemotherapy, he died 4 months after complete response due to cholecystitis and lymphoma recurrence.
Reduction of Ovarian Cysts After Endoscopic Surgery for Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-Producing Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Ishii Reo , Harai Nozomi , Hosokawa Tadatsugu , Tahara Ippei , Ogiwara Masakazu , Tsuchiya Kyoichiro
Published: December 2024

A 49-year-old woman presented with irregular menstrual bleeding, elevated estradiol (E2) (665 pg/mL [2441.21 pmol/L]) (reference range [RR]: menstrual period [MP] 20-50 pg/mL; 73.42-183.55 pmol/L), unsuppressed follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (19.3 mIU/mL [19.3 IU/L]) (RR: MP 3.5-10.0 mIU/mL; 3.5-10.0 IU/L), and cystic ovarian enlargement (right ovary, 109 mL; left ovary, 146 mL). A 7-mm pituitary microadenoma was also observed, and 6 months after referral, endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery was performed, resulting in a diagnosis of FSH-producing pituitary adenoma. Nine months postoperatively, the ovarian cysts had markedly shrunk. Although FSH-producing pituitary adenomas are rare, approximately 64% of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas are positive for gonadotropin immunostaining. FSH-producing pituitary adenomas are often endocrinologically silent, with symptoms typically triggered by pituitary tumor enlargement. Early diagnosis can be facilitated by measuring FSH and E2 levels in cases of irregular vaginal bleeding, abnormal menstruation, ovarian enlargement, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, or infertility. If E2 is elevated but FSH is not suppressed, pituitary magnetic resonance imaging should be performed to identify FSH-producing pituitary adenomas. In cases of FSH-producing pituitary adenomas, including microadenomas, symptoms may improve after tumor resection, making surgery the preferred treatment option.
Only severe Injuries are effectively reduced by muscles' injury prevention protocols in football players: A systematic review
Authors: Moncer Rihab , Ghanmi Marwa , Chebil Dhekra , Bhiri Sana , Belhadj Youssef Iheb , Kacem Amani , Salah Sana , Mtaouaa Sahbi , Frigui Sinen , Ouannes walid , Jemni Sonia
Published: December 2024

Background Muscle injuries are the most frequent in football and may lead to the end of a player’s career. Many studies have evaluated the effectiveness of prevention programs for all injury types. Few studies have evaluated the effects of exercise on muscle injuries. The aim of this study is to report, through a systematic review of research of high level of proof (randomized controlled trial) the efficacy of preventive programs for muscle injuries for football players. Methods A documentary search was conducted in October 2022 from three databases: Medline via its PubMed interface, Google Scholar, and COCHRANE databases. We only included original articles published between October 2012 and October 2022 with a high level of evidence. The research was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. The target population consisted of professional and semi-professional footballers. The intervention in question was structured injury preventive protocols, including specific training or pre-established protocols such as the FIFA 11+ program, compared to each other or with regular training sessions. The main outcomes were the incidence rates of muscle injuries and severe injury in each group, as well as the time loss to injury. Results Seven randomized controlled trials with a high level of evidence confirmed using the PEDRO scale were included. There were 3815 male professional football players. There was heterogeneity in the age, hours of exposure, and duration of the intervention. The prevention protocols used were FIFA 11+, bounding exercises, NHE, and stretching exercises. Structured exercises significantly reduce the severity of muscle injury and, consequently, time loss to injury. Discussion Despite the diversity of prevention programs, teams still lack standardized programs. Structured exercises, such as FIFA 11+ and bounding exercises, which combine strengthening, body kinesthesic awareness, and neuromuscular control, reduce the incidence and severity of muscle injury. FIFA 11+ is the first and most complete structured program, but lacks some exercises, such as adductor strengthening. Conclusion This review showed the interest in structured exercises in reducing severity and time loss to injury in professional football players. It shows that effective MI prevention program should combine variable structured programs taking into consideration risk evaluation. Registration This review was registered on 8/17/2023 in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under the reference code CRD42023452202.
Practical Implementation of Stage-Gate Approach and Professional Project Management System: Current Issues
Authors: Koroleva Tat'yana
Published: December 2024

This article examines the implementation of the stage-gate approach and professional project management systems, focusing on current issues. The article employs a comprehensive analysis of organizational practices to identify key aspects of implementation. The study revealed that successful integration requires a systematic approach encompassing regulatory frameworks, information systems, human resources, and organizational changes. The most significant aspects of implementation include creating a methodology that reduces shareholder risks through the systematization of project decision-making processes, balanced allocation of authority, integration of project management systems with existing company systems, overcoming resistance to change, and adapting best practices to specific organizational context. The study results highlight the critical role of top management support, systematic project decision-making, change management programs, and staff training. This research contributes to the development of the field by providing a comprehensive understanding of implementation challenges and offering practical recommendations for organizations aiming to enhance their project management capabilities.
FORESIGHT APPROACH IN COMMUNICATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Malardyrova Victoria
Published: December 2024

this article examines the features of managing communication projects for the promotion of industrial and technical goods. In accordance with this, an approach is determined that allows you to develop a project and justify the choice of communication channels and tools, taking into account long-term planning. Experimental work has shown that the most effective approach has become foresight, which allows you to identify the main stakeholders and develop a strategy for managing a communication project to promote products of this technically complex category.
Promoting self-management in lymphoedema: the role of the community nurse
Authors: Ramadan Francesca
Published: December 2024

Many of the approaches for managing lymphoedema are straightforward and easily accessible, allowing individuals to take considerable charge of their care. As a result, nurses can play a vital role in lymphoedema treatment by equipping patients with crucial knowledge and offering practical assistance to foster self-management. Francesca Ramadan elaborates upon the aspects of patient education that the community nurse must promote and support to enable individuals with lymphoedema to take back control.
Pause for thought
Authors: Jozwiak Gabriella
Published: December 2024

Our panel discuss an unhappy employee going through menopause. By Gabriella Jozwiak
HIV transmission, prevention, treatment and care: part two
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: December 2024

In part two of this series, Ian Peate explains the role of nurses in managing patients with long term HIV. Additionally, treatment options such as antiretroviral therapy are discussed

This article explores human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the primary care setting, emphasising the role of the nurse in caring for people with HIV and the expanding responsibilities in providing comprehensive management. The diagnostic process stresses early and accurate detection, confirmatory testing, follow-up procedures and addressing the psychological impact of diagnosis with initial patient support. Treatment options are reviewed, including an overview of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens, individualised treatment planning, monitoring for efficacy, managing drug resistance and exploring emerging therapies.
Join the Sons of Liberty!
Authors: Shaffer Elisa
Published: December 2024

Learners will create a colonial character to explore 1773 Boston and gain insight into the underpinnings of the events that led up to and occurred during the Boston Tea Party on December 16, 1773. Using Bloxels, learners will travel the streets of Boston, interacting with different characters and learning about their concerns and events. They will also interact with British soldiers and tax collectors. Additionally, they will be given an opportunity to join the Sons of Liberty and participate in the Boston Tea Party.
Towards Autonomous, Aerial Pollination: Design of a Robotic Pollinator Payload for Controlled Crosses in Loblolly Pine
Authors: Pandey Piyush , Acosta Juan J. , Payn Kitt G. , Young Sierra
Published: December 2024

Highlight

First-of-its-kind payload engineered for performing controlled pollinations in Loblolly pine orchards.

Payload performance verified in laboratory experiments to ensure sufficient pollen injection.

Conceptual system architecture developed for integration with unoccupied aerial systems (UAS).

Abstract. This article reports the design of a robotic pollination system suitable for use with an unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) aimed at performing controlled crosses in loblolly pine seed orchards. In controlled crosses, paper exclusion bags are placed over female strobili to prevent natural pollination, and pollen from known origins is manually introduced into the bag. The proposed system comprises a six-degrees-of-freedom parallel manipulator equipped with a pollinator needle end effector. The end effector consists of a claw mechanism with two links for bag stabilization and needle injection. A pneumatic device ejects pollen through the needle, and a perception system using a stereovision camera with an object detection model for bag detection estimates the appropriate orientation of the manipulator before actuating the pollinating device. The device was evaluated for successful delivery of pollen inside an exclusion bag. It was found to require less than two attempts for successful needle insertion into a bag with vertical orientation. The system also delivered the required pollen within two seconds of air pump actuation. This work presents the first step towards aerial robotic pollination for performing controlled crosses in loblolly pine and lays the groundwork for automating controlled pollinations using exclusion bags. Keywords: Aerial manipulator, Agricultural robotics, Forestry automation, Stewart platform, UAV pollination.
Control of Pathogens in Pig Production Facilities Using Alternative Disinfection Strategies
Authors: Baguindoc Marjorette , Alvarado Alvin Ceniza , Predicala Bernardo , Korber Darren R.
Published: December 2024

Highlights

Alternative cleaning and disinfection (C&D) strategies are needed by pig producers which adopted antibiotic-free production practices in their effort to mitigate the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

The use of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and peracetic acid (PAA) can be suitable alternatives to conventional disinfectants currently used in commercial swine barns.

The cost associated with using SAEW and PAA translates only to a minimal increase (0.07 and 0.08%, respectively) in the total production cost, which can be compensated by their prolonged efficacy over time.

Abstract. Implementing antibiotic-free production practices in pig barns to mitigate the emergence of AMR has led to a reported increase in certain pathogens in the barn environment. Hence, this study aimed to investigate alternative sanitization and disinfection procedures to reduce the prevalence of pathogens in pig production. Based on screening using developed assessment criteria (i.e., applicability, intrinsic property, cost, and safety) and laboratory-scale tests, the application of SAEW and PAA were selected for further evaluation under in-barn conditions. Conventional disinfectant (Virkon) was used as a control given its widespread use in commercial pig production barns. In the barn tests, the surviving microbial cells on different types of surfaces such as concrete (flooring), metal (drinkers), plastic (pens), and wood (partitions) in grow-finish, nursery, and farrowing rooms were assessed at various time points to compare the effectiveness of the selected disinfection strategies relative to a control (Virkon) treatment. Results showed that PAA (400 ppm) and SAEW (50 ppm) were more effective than Virkon in grow-finish and farrowing rooms 4 to 24 h after application, while all treatments showed reduced efficacy on concrete in nursery rooms, indicating that a longer contact time may be required for rough surfaces. Economic analysis showed that PAA and SAEW cost $0.81 and $0.84 per market pig per cycle compared to Virkon with $0.675; this 0.07% to 0.08% increase in total production cost of using PAA and SAEW relative to current conventional disinfectant (Virkon) can be compensated by their prolonged efficacy over time. Keywords: Animal buildings, Antibiotic-free pig production, Disinfection measures, Pathogen control.
Runoff and Erosion Following a Prescribed Fire on a Sagebrush-Steppe Rangeland in Idaho, USA
Authors: Elliot William J.
Published: December 2024

Highlights

A spike in erosion occurred the year following a prescribed burn on a sagebrush-steppe rangeland.

Two years after a prescribed burn on a sagebrush-steppe rangeland, burned plots had less runoff and erosion than unburned plots.

Snowmelt processes may be important contributors to erosion in some sagebrush-steppe rangelands.

Abstract. A study was carried out to compare runoff and erosion from natural rainfall on plots that had been treated with prescribed fire to unburned plots on a sagebrush-steppe rangeland in Southeast Idaho, U.S. Prescribed fire on rangeland sites is intended to maintain healthy shrub-steppe ecosystems but sometimes results in undesirable consequences such as increased runoff and soil erosion. Information is lacking on plot-scale erosion studies from natural precipitation in this ecosystem. Such plot-scale studies are needed to better understand sediment sources (uplands or channels) to support the management and modeling of rangeland watersheds. In this study, there were two treatments: four prescribed burn plots and three adjacent unburned control plots. Runoff and erosion were measured from natural rainfall for water years (WY) 2004 to 2010 following a prescribed burn in October 2003. Runoff and erosion were also measured from nearby unburned plots for WY 2005–2010. Ground cover on the burned plots averaged 57% (standard error (s.e. = 4%) in the summer of 2004, compared to 95% (s.e. = 5%) on the unburned plots. By the end of the study in 2010, ground cover had increased to 81% (s.e. = 4%) on the burned plots but decreased to 74% (s.e. = 5%) on the unburned plots. Annual runoff averaged 6 mm (s.e. = 7) from four burned plots, compared to 34 mm (s.e. = 8.7) from three unburned plots. In WY 2006, high rates of runoff from snowmelt on the unburned plots resulted in 122 mm (s.e. = 16) of runoff compared to only 12 mm (s.e. = 14) of runoff from the burned plots. An analysis of variance showed significant differences in runoff due to either precipitation (p = 0002) or year (p = 0.004) and treatment (burned vs. unburned; p=0.03). There were also significant differences in seasonal runoff (p = 0.05), as 90% of the measured runoff occurred in the spring, with all large runoff events associated with snowmelt. Erosion on the burned plots averaged 233 kg ha-1 (s.e. = 21) compared to 133 kg ha-1 (s.e. = 29) on the unburned plots. From two years after the burn and for the remainder of the study, there were no significant differences in erosion between burned and unburned plots (p < 0.05). Future studies are needed to link upland runoff and erosion with channel deposition, erosion, and sediment delivery, and more detailed studies on erosion associated with snowmelt on rangelands are needed to aid in the development of watershed modeling tools. Future studies should include observations of plant community regeneration in addition to ground cover, runoff, and sediment delivery. Keywords: Erosion, Hydrology, Prescribed fire, Rangelands.
Simulating Pollen Aerosol Diffusion and Distribution Under Horizontal Air Stream Using a Coupled CFD-DPM Method for Hybrid Rice Seed Production
Authors: Xi Te , Wang Yongwei , Long Sifang , Feng Huaiqu , Zheng Chengyu , Li Dongfang , Kang Shuo , Wang Jun
Published: December 2024

Highlights

Visualizing the dispersal trajectory of rice pollen.

The two-phase transient coupling of pollen and airflow was considered using the CFD-DPM method.

The movement and sedimentation distribution of pollen aerosols were effectively predicted.

Abstract. Understanding pollen dispersal behavior during hybrid rice seed production is a necessary step for further clarifying the pollination mechanism of hybrid rice and advancing the mechanization of pollination. This work aims to simulate the pollen dispersal process after detachment from the rice panicle using a coupled CFD-DPM method. Aerodynamic properties of hybrid rice pollen were determined using settling experiments. The pollen dispersal geometry domain was constructed by combining the planting agronomy of hybrid rice seed production with the pneumatic pollination process. The standard k-e model was used to simulate the horizontal jet flow. The discrete phase model (DPM) was used to realize the interaction between airflow and pollen. Mesh independence verification and experimental validation were performed for pollen-air two-phase simulations. The simulation visualized rice pollen dispersal trajectories and further predicted and analyzed the decay of pollen dispersal velocity, sedimentation distribution, deposition rate, and escape rate. The experimental validation results showed that the simulation could effectively predict the pollen dispersal process. Keywords: Computational fluid dynamics, Discrete phase model, Hybrid rice seed production, Mechanized pollination, Pollen aerosol.
Spray Nozzle Effects on Foliar Band Deposits of Malathion in Cotton
Authors: Womac Alvin R. , Smith Chris , Mulrooney Joe
Published: December 2024

Highlights

Foliar banding with 40-degree flat fan tips may reduce pesticide use.

Hollow cone tips were effective for broadcast applications but less effective as a single tip band over the row.

Spray plume interactions with foliage affected spray targeting on different samplers.

Abstract.The study characterized the spray deposits for broadcast sprays and foliar band sprays made to cotton in the field under a steady mean lateral wind velocity of 1.1 m s-1. Five over-the-top spray treatments included broadcast TX-12 hollow cone spray tips, broadcast XR 8002 flat fan tips, banding 40-015 flat fan tips, banding 40-02 flat fan tips, and banding TX-12 hollow cone tips. Malathion spray deposits in the foliage were sampled with water-sensitive paper (WSP), top and bottom leaf sides, cotton terminals, and Petri dishes placed on the ground between rows. Cumulative droplet sizes were generally grouped for TX-12 hollow cone nozzles versus a group for 40° and 80° flat fan spray tips. Flat fan spray nozzles outperformed hollow cone spray nozzle based on mean spray-rate adjusted WSP coverage for both broadcast and banding applications. The hypothesis for poor banding performance by the TX-12 hollow cone tip was attributed to the light wind of 1.1 m s-1 that predominately blew at about right angles to the rows. Mean spray rate-adjusted leaf top malathion residues were statistically the greatest for broadcast TX-12 hollow cone spray tips, broadcast XR 8002 flat fan spray tips, and for banding 40-015 spray tips. Mean spray rate-adjusted leaf bottom malathion residues were not significantly different. The spray-rate adjusted cotton terminal malathion residue levels were statistically the greatest for the broadcast TX-12 hollow cone spray tips. The spray-rate adjusted Petri dish malathion residue levels were statistically the greatest for the broadcast TX-12 hollow cone spray tips and broadcast XR 8002 flat fan tips, perhaps due to a gap between rows. Rank order of spray-rate adjusted deposits between spray treatments depended to some degree based on the foliar spatial location and geometric differences attributed to samplers. This is important for targeting different insects located within the foliage structure. Keywords: Crop foliage, Foliar banding, Hollow cone nozzles, Narrow angle flat fan spray nozzles, Spray deposit, Spray plume, Sprayer.
Evaluation of the Processing Properties of Alternative Soybean Meal Protein Source Combinations Based on Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Li Xing , Liao Ying , Zhang Binbin , Li Jun , Yang Jie , Li Junguo , Xue Min
Published: December 2024

Highlights

The alternative 5 protein feed raw material combinations to replace soymeal bean were provided.

There were significant differences in the 17 processing characteristics of protein combinations.

Correlation and principal component analysis were applied to analyze the data.

The representative indicators were extracted to evaluate the processing characteristics.

It provides theoretical basis for the application of unconventional protein feed raw material.

Abstract.The objective of this study was to compare the processing properties of five different combinations of unconventional protein groups and soybean meal (SBM). Peanut meal (PNM), cottonseed meal (CSM), rapeseed meal (RSM), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and corn gluten meal (CGM) were selected as five unconventional protein feeds. Five groups of protein combinations were generated following the two principles of 'similar crude protein content and compliant feed ingredient use level.' The nutritional components, physical properties, hydration properties, pasting properties, and other processing properties of the five protein combinations (C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5) and SBM were measured, and the essential differences in processing properties among different protein combinations and SBM were analyzed. The results showed that the moisture content of SBM was remarkably higher than other feed raw material, and the crude fiber of SBM was notably lower than other feed raw material. The water absorption index, water solubility index, and pasting curves of SBM were significantly higher than those of other feed raw material. These processing properties were differentially associated with each other. Three principal components were extracted from 17 processing characteristic indexes, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 93.19%, which had good representativeness and could be used to evaluate the processing properties of different protein feed ingredients comprehensively. The main extracted indicators were protein dispersibility index, pasting properties value, water solubility index, compressibility, geometric mean diameter, angle of repose, and apparent density. This study provides guidance for the evaluation of the processing properties of protein feed raw material and provides theoretical guidance and a scientific basis for formula optimization and processing parameter adjustment. Keywords: Principal component analysis, Processing properties, Soybean meal replacement, Unconventional protein combination.
“Rising in speech we do not speak”: Lyric Survival in Three Books of German Poetry by Stevens et al.
Authors: Eeckhout Bart
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: For Judith Butler, the act of translating reminds us that in a global world we need a “multilingual epistemology,” but also that all languages have foreignness built into them. A special issue on Wallace Stevens in relation to Germany offers the perfect occasion to investigate how his poetry survives in German. Of the seven book-length collections of Stevens’s verse that have appeared in German translation so far, three are retained for analysis: Der Mann mit der blauen Gitarre (1995), Hellwach, am Rande des Schlafs (2011), and Teile einer Welt (2014). After a consideration of the remarkably different ways in which these books present themselves to the reader, and what their respective selection mechanisms are, a discussion of five clustered features seeks to demonstrate how Stevens’s German translators combine “domesticating” and “foreignizing” approaches, respond to three formal aspects of his poetry (stanza formation, end rhyme, meter), deal with the sentence unit, arrange and rearrange line endings, and compose German varieties of heteroglossia.
Free-form surface machining strategy and shape error correction method based on slow tool servo turning
Authors: Yu Boxin , Xue Changxi , Jia Mingyu , Huo Furong
Published: December 2024

Since the measurement accuracy limits the machining quality of free-form surfaces, compensated machining is challenging in convergent shape errors effectively. Therefore, a free-form surface machining strategy is investigated based on slow tool servo technology and its shape error correction method. An iterative accuracy-adjusted surface matching measurement strategy based on the improved combined CPD and ICP algorithms is proposed, in which the measured surface is aligned with the theoretical surface in the same coordinate system through translational and rotational coordinate transformations to accurately obtain the surface shape error after single-point diamond turning machining for compensation. Finally, the compensation simulation uses the Q-type polynomial free-form surface as the ideal surface. After three compensations, the shape errors of the free-form surfaces converge continuously, in which the shape accuracies of PV and RMS are reduced from 2.01um and 271 nm to 765 nm and 188 nm, respectively. The results show that the effectiveness of the compensation method is verified, and it can improve the machining accuracy effectively.
A comparative study of dynamic risk spillovers among financial sectors in China before and after the epidemic
Authors: Liu Cuicui , Ma HuiZi , Wang Xiangrong , Cui Junfu , Shen Xu
Published: December 2024

This paper takes the unexpected event of the new coronavirus as the research background, selects the daily closing price data of the financial sectors (banking, insurance, securities, and multifinance) from 20 June 2017 to 31 December 2023. It then applies the TVP-VAR-DY model to empirically study the risk spillover effect among financial sectors. The study identified three distinct stages: before, during, and after the epidemic. It revealed that the total systematic spillover exhibited an initial increase, followed by a subsequent decrease. Notably, the fluctuation in this phenomenon intensified significantly during the epidemic. The securities sector emerged as the most susceptible to spillover risks from other sectors and, in turn, the most vulnerable to risk contagion from other sectors. Conversely, the banking sector demonstrated relative stability. Furthermore, the multifinance sector is more susceptible to risk contagion from other sectors during the pre-epidemic and mid-epidemic stages. However, following the epidemic, as the economy has not yet fully recovered, the multifinance sector is more likely to experience spillover risks from other sectors, and the insurance sector also primarily acts as a risk spillover. Finally, five different lag orders were selected to test the robustness of the empirical results of the model. The test results demonstrated that the model was valid and the results were feasible.
Calibration verification for stochastic agent-based disease spread models
Authors: Horii Maya , Gould Aidan , Yun Zachary , Ray Jaideep , Safta Cosmin , Zohdi Tarek
Published: December 2024

Accurate disease spread modeling is crucial for identifying the severity of outbreaks and planning effective mitigation efforts. To be reliable when applied to new outbreaks, model calibration techniques must be robust. However, current methods frequently forgo calibration verification (a stand-alone process evaluating the calibration procedure) and instead use overall model validation (a process comparing calibrated model results to data) to check calibration processes, which may conceal errors in calibration. In this work, we develop a stochastic agent-based disease spread model to act as a testing environment as we test two calibration methods using simulation-based calibration, which is a synthetic data calibration verification method. The first calibration method is a Bayesian inference approach using an empirically-constructed likelihood and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling, while the second method is a likelihood-free approach using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). Simulation-based calibration suggests that there are challenges with the empirical likelihood calculation used in the first calibration method in this context. These issues are alleviated in the ABC approach. Despite these challenges, we note that the first calibration method performs well in a synthetic data model validation test similar to those common in disease spread modeling literature. We conclude that stand-alone calibration verification using synthetic data may benefit epidemiological researchers in identifying model calibration challenges that may be difficult to identify with other commonly used model validation techniques.
Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis in Cancer Patients
Authors: Yhim Ho-Young
Published: December 2024

Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is a rare manifestation of venous thromboembolism, which may complicate the clinical course of patients with intra-abdominal solid cancers and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Clinical manifestation of SVT varies and depends on the involved vessel, the rapidity of onset, and the condition of underlying malignancies. However, a substantial proportion of SVT is incidentally detected on imaging studies conducted for staging or restaging underlying malignancies. Cancer-associated SVT is a therapeutic challenge because of its rarity and limited clinical data. In general, SVT in cancer patients has a considerable long-term risk of thrombosis as in typical cancer-associated venous thromboembolism, and anticoagulation treatment is recommended to improve the recanalization rate and prevent recurrent thrombosis in the absence of high risk for bleeding. However, owing to the heterogeneous underlying conditions of malignancies, an individualized approach and treatment decision is needed for cancer-associated SVT. This review outlines the pathogenesis, risk factors, and diagnosis of cancer-associated SVT and discusses the treatment of this challenging disease.
Relação entre gastos escolares e resultados educacionais: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Lima Roberto , Sampaio Luciano Menezes Bezerra , Sampaio Raquel Menezes Bezerra
Published: December 2024

Este artigo analisou como a literatura tem explorado a relação entre gastos escolares e resultados educacionais, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de 45 documentos oriundos das bases Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, SAGE Open, Willey e Scielo, entre 2015 e 2022. Os estudos foram classificados como de design de pesquisa causal e não causal, e analisados com bases nas políticas e intervenções abordadas. As políticas foram categorizadas em auxílio financeiro extra, reformas de financiamento escolar, gastos de capital e mudança na fonte de receitas. Dentro da nova literatura, influenciada pela “revolução da credibilidade”, constata-se um corpo de pesquisas com boa diversidade de aplicações e impactos significativos de gastos em educação sobre resultados educacionais; mas pesquisas majoritariamente para países desenvolvidos. Evidenciam melhorias na performance acadêmica e no progresso educacional, independentemente do tipo de intervenção, especialmente para estudantes em localidades vulneráveis ou com baixo desempenho escolar. Sendo assim, a análise para países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, nos quais os níveis educacionais e os gastos por aluno são inferiores podem trazer diferentes resultados e implicações políticas.
Assessment of Ecosystem Health and Carbon Stocks in the Seagrass Meadows of Mengiat Beach, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Choesin Devi Nandita , Gouw Amadeus Devin , Pitriana Pipit
Published: December 2024

Seagrass meadows provide many important ecosystem services. They are now recognized as blue carbon ecosystems that are crucial in the mitigation of global climate change. This study was conducted at Mengiat Beach in Bali, Indonesia, where there are extensive seagrass meadows along the shorelines, but also considerable anthropogenic activity that pose threats to the ecosystem. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe the seagrass community at Mengiat Beach; (2) assess the health status of the seagrass ecosystem; and (3) estimate carbon stocks stored within the ecosystem. Vegetation analysis was conducted to describe the seagrass community in terms of density, cover, biomass and species importance. Spatial Sentinel-2 satellite data with unsupervised classification was used to determine the extent of seagrass meadows. Carbon stocks in sediment and biomass were estimated using the loss on ignition method. The seagrass community at Mengiat Beach consists of at least five different species, dominated by Cymodocea rotundata. The meadows are characterized by high density (588 ind.m-2) and good cover (60.7%). They are considered healthy, with good ecological quality, as indicated by a SEQI (Seagrass Ecological Quality Index) of 0.69. The seagrass ecosystem stores a significant amount of carbon, with 99.23% of it stored in sediment. Total carbon stock in sediment and seagrass biomass is estimated at 133.39 MgC.ha-1. When extrapolated to the total seagrass area of 43.21 ha, the meadows at Mengiat Beach store a total carbon stock of 5.76 GgC, highlighting their potential as high-carbon reservoirs and importance in climate change mitigation efforts.
A theory for words in Georgian: traditional constructs versus corpus annotation
Authors: Hardie Andrew , Daraselia Sophiko
Published: December 2024

Part-of-speech annotation, as an exercise in categorisation, necessitates a category schema, based on some model or theory of the grammar of the language. Such a model may (sometimes, must) deviate from traditional approaches for human understanding, as exploration of theoretical issues arising from a Georgian POS schema illustrates. Consistency on classifying by form versus function is problematised by difficult pronoun/demonstrative and adjective/noun distinctions. Adverb subcategorisation illustrates exclusion of semantic/derivational distinctions that traditional approaches readily admit. Variation in plural inflection has implications for how diachronicity is handled, as does “zero case”. Postpositions make necessary a specific approach to cliticisation in which enclitic elements are handled as separate tokens bearing their own analysis. Suffixaufnahme provides a case study in inclusion versus exclusion of a rare but current phenomenon. Verb morphology illustrates how simplifying assumptions help favour abstraction of categories over descriptive exhaustiveness. Divergence between the resulting model and traditional characterisations do not invalidate either, but evidence how a model’s design is inseparable from its purpose. With regard to these select issues of Georgian grammar, this discussion aims both to demonstrate the overall argument regarding theorisation/schematisation for a specific, practical purpose (POS annotation) and to justify solutions proposed to problems at hand.