bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Landscape evolution in China’s key ecological function zones during 1990–2015
Authors: Liu Jiafeng , Zhong Jing
Published: February 2024

Landscape evolution has profound effects on ecosystems. Recently, some studies suggest that China has implemented plans leading in the greening of the world by mainly describing the changes based on satellite data. However, few studies have analyzed the policy effect on ecosystem improvement from the perspective of landscape pattern evolution. Among the numerous ecological policy plans, China’s key ecological function zones plan is an important one. In this study, we focus on depicting the long-term and large-scale landscape evolution in China’s key ecological function zones, which are accounting for 40.2% of China’s land area, and include four-type ecoregions where ecosystems are fragile or important, to comprehensively explore the environmental influences of policy planning. For this purpose, we first described the landscape composition changes and conversion mechanisms in China’s key ecological function zones from 1990 to 2015. Then we captured the detailed pattern evolution characteristics by landscape indices. The results show that these ecoregions were mostly evolving in an unfavorable direction in these 25 years, i.e. destruction of habitats and increment of fragmentation. Although greening areas increased based on other recent researches, the landscape pattern became worse, indicating it is necessary for the detailed analysis of landscape ecology and more accurate ecological planning. We also found the deterioration of the ecological environment had been uncharacteristically stopped or even improved in wind prevention and sand fixation ecoregions and biodiversity maintenance ecoregions after the implementation of this plan. Furthermore, we assumed that the policy is more prominent in these prohibiting sabotages and protecting areas with fragile ecological bases, which may be caused by the differentiated transfer payments in different ecoregions. Finally, some planning suggestions, such as stricter land use control, the regional balance of ecological transfer payments and deepening of ecological migration policies, etc., were proposed for promoting better future environmental changes.
The Cantril Ladder elicits thoughts about power and wealth
Authors: Nilsson August Håkan , Eichstaedt Johannes C. , Lomas Tim , Schwartz Andrew , Kjell Oscar
Published: February 2024

The Cantril Ladder is among the most widely administered subjective well-being measures; every year, it is collected in 140+ countries in the Gallup World Poll and reported in the World Happiness Report. The measure asks respondents to evaluate their lives on a ladder from worst (bottom) to best (top). Prior work found Cantril Ladder scores sensitive to social comparison and to reflect one’s relative position in the income distribution. To understand this, we explored how respondents interpret the Cantril Ladder. We analyzed word responses from 1581 UK adults and tested the impact of the (a) ladder imagery, (b) scale anchors of worst to best possible life, and c) bottom to top. Using three language analysis techniques (dictionary, topic, and word embeddings), we found that the Cantril Ladder framing emphasizes power and wealth over broader well-being and relationship concepts in comparison to the other study conditions. Further, altering the framings increased preferred scale levels from 8.4 to 8.9 (Cohen’s d = 0.36). Introducing harmony as an anchor yielded the strongest divergence from the Cantril Ladder, reducing mentions of power and wealth topics the most (Cohen’s d = −0.76). Our findings refine the understanding of historical Cantril Ladder data and may help guide the future evolution of well-being metrics and guidelines.
The J shaped association of age at menarche and cardiovascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Behboudi-Gandevan Samira , Moe Cathrine Fredriksen , Skjesol Ingunn , Arntzen Ellen Christin , Bidhendi-Yarandi Razieh
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the association between age at menarche and cardiovascular (CV) events through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. A comprehensive literature search covering studies published from January 1, 2000, to October 31, 2023, was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus. Twenty-nine observational studies involving 4,931,160 adult women aged 18 years or older were included. The meta-analysis revealed a J-shaped association between age at menarche and CV events. Individuals with menarche at 12–13 years exhibited the lowest risk, while those with younger (≤ 11 years) or older ages (14–15 years and ≥ 16 years) showed an increased risk. Notably, individuals with age at menarche of 16 years and older had the highest risk of CV events. The pooled odds of CV mortality in age at menarche categories 14–15 years and ≥ 16 years were 37% (OR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.14–1.64, I2: 76.9%) and 64% (OR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.20–2.24, I2: 87%) higher than referent age at menarche 12–13 years. No statistically significant difference was found in CV mortality risk between individuals with age at menarche ≤ 11 years and those with age at menarche 12–13 years. The ORs for coronary heart disease were significantly higher for age at menarche ≥ 16 years (35% increase), while no significant difference was found for age at menarche ≤ 11 years or 14–15 years compared to age at menarche 12–13 years. Regarding stroke, the ORs for age at menarche ≤ 11, 14–15, and ≥ 16 years were significantly higher (7%, 24%, and 94% increase, respectively) compared to age at menarche 12–13 years. Dose–response meta-analysis and one-stage random-effect cubic spline models confirmed the J-shaped risk pattern. Meta-regression indicated that age and BMI were not significant sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses and the absence of publication bias further supported the robustness of the findings. This study concludes that age at menarche is independently associated with CV events, with a J-shaped pattern. The findings underscore the significance of considering menarche age as an independent risk factor for CV events. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore potential underlying mechanisms.
Amyloid deposition and small vessel disease are associated with cognitive function in older adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lesman-Segev Orit H. , Golan Shekhtman Sapir , Springer Ramit Ravona , Livny Abigail , Lin Hung-Mo , Yuxia Ouyang , Zadok Maya , Ganmore Ithamar , Heymann Anthony , Hoffmann Chen , Domachevsky Liran , Schnaider Beeri Michal
Published: February 2024

Diabetes is associated with cognitive decline, but the underlying mechanisms are complex and their relationship with Alzheimer’s Disease biomarkers is not fully understood. We assessed the association of small vessel disease (SVD) and amyloid burden with cognitive functioning in 47 non-demented older adults with type-2 diabetes from the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline Study (mean age 78Y, 64% females). FLAIR-MRI, Vizamyl amyloid-PET, and T1W-MRI quantified white matter hyperintensities as a measure of SVD, amyloid burden, and gray matter (GM) volume, respectively. Mean hemoglobin A1c levels and duration of type-2 diabetes were used as measures of diabetic control. Cholesterol level and blood pressure were used as measures of cardiovascular risk. A broad neuropsychological battery assessed cognition. Linear regression models revealed that both higher SVD and amyloid burden were associated with lower cognitive functioning. Additional adjustments for type-2 diabetes-related characteristics, GM volume, and cardiovascular risk did not alter the results. The association of amyloid with cognition remained unchanged after further adjustment for SVD, and the association of SVD with cognition remained unchanged after further adjustment for amyloid burden. Our findings suggest that SVD and amyloid pathology may independently contribute to lower cognitive functioning in non-demented older adults with type-2 diabetes, supporting a multimodal approach for diagnosing, preventing, and treating cognitive decline in this population.
Hybrid energy storage configuration method for wind power microgrid based on EMD decomposition and two-stage robust approach
Authors: Yang Xiuyu , Ye Xiaoyu , Li Zhongzheng , Wang Xiaobin , Song Xinfu , Liao Mengke , Liu Xueyuan , Guo Qi
Published: February 2024

Data centers are usually characterized by high energy loads, which raises increasing sustainability concerns in both academic and daily usage. To mitigate the uncertainty and high volatility of distributed wind energy generation, this paper proposes a hybrid energy storage allocation strategy by means of the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) technique and the two-stage robust method. First, this paper conducts the evolution analyses for the over- and under-evaluated uncertainty of wind power fluctuation under different time scales. Second, we employ the EMD technique to configure a high-frequency flywheel energy storage device, realizing the wind power transformation from large fluctuations to small fluctuations and the convergence of the wind power fluctuation curves in minute- and hour levels. Finally, based on the hour-level wind energy stable power curves, we carry out two-stage robust planning for the equipment capacity of low-frequency cold storage tanks and lithium bromide chillers. The case study on a data center microgrid in northeastern China confirms the effectiveness of our proposed strategy.
Outlining the skin-homing and circulating CLA+NK cells in patients with severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: de Lima Josenilson Feitosa , Teixeira Franciane Mouradian Emidio , Ramos Yasmim Álefe Leuzzi , de Carvalho Gabriel Costa , Castelo Branco Anna Claudia Calvielli , Pereira Naiura Vieira , Sotto Mírian Nacagami , Aoki Valéria , Sato Maria Notomi , Orfali Raquel Leao
Published: February 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex, multifactorial skin disease, characterized by pruritus and predominant Th2 inflammation. Innate immune cells may play a role in AD development and are composed of granulocytes, macrophages, innate-like T cells, and innate lymphoid cells. This study investigates the phenotypic and functional profile of circulating CLA+ natural killer (NK) cells and its role in the skin-homing to NK cells infiltrated in adults’ skin with AD. We selected 44 AD patients and 27 non-AD volunteers for the study. The results showed increased frequencies of both CLA+CD56bright and CLA+CD56dim NK cell populations in the peripheral blood, mainly in severe AD patients. Upon SEB stimulation, we observed an augmented percentage of CLA+CD56dim NK cells expressing CD107a, IFN-γ, IL-10, and TNF, reinforcing the role of staphylococcal enterotoxins in AD pathogenesis. Additionally, we demonstrated increased dermal expression of both NK cell markers NCAM-1/CD56 and pan-granzyme, corroborating the skin-homing, mostly in severe AD. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the potential role of NK cells in the chronification of the inflammatory process in AD skin, as well as their possible relationship with staphylococcal enterotoxins, and as practicable therapeutic targets.
Enhanced CO2 adsorption and selectivity over N2 and CH4 in UiO-67 modified by loading CuO NPs through solvent exchange
Authors: Wang Boyan , Zeng Jing , He Hanbing
Published: February 2024

Encapsulation of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) in the shallow pore channels of UiO-67 using a solvent-assisted linker exchange (SALE) method to enhance CO2 adsorption and selectivity.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the 3–15alkyphenol compatibilizer in highly toughened and robust polyamide 10,12/MWCNT composites
Authors: Jin Yuwei , Jalali Amirjalal , Zhai Xiaokun , Du Youmei , Lu Jing , Zhang Ruiyan , Luo Faliang
Published: February 2024

Highly toughened and stiff polyamide 10,12 (PA10,12) composites present a promising alternative to metal products for high-impact environments.
Bimetallic platinum rhenium catalyst for efficient low temperature dehydrogenation of perhydro benzyltoluene
Authors: Strauch Domenic , Weiner Pia , Sarma Bidyut Bikash , Körner Andreas , Herzinger Elisabeth , Wolf Patrick , Zimina Anna , Hutzler Andreas , Doronkin Dmitry E. , Grunwaldt Jan-Dierk , Wasserscheid Peter , Wolf Moritz
Published: February 2024

H2 release from the liquid organic hydrogen carrier perhydro benzyltoluene (H12-BT) was accelerated using bimetallic Pt–Re/Al2O3 catalysts. An optimum Pt : Re ratio was identified and catalysts characterisation provided insight on Pt–Re interaction.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene on mesoporous carbon catalysts: effect of the active site number on the apparent catalytic activity
Authors: Guo Miao , Dai Xueya , Bai Yunli , Lu Xingyu , Yao Zhiwei , Qi Wei
Published: February 2024

SMC-x catalysts demonstrate a distinctive carbon framework containing a significant number of CO active sites for ethylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation.
The formation, reactivity and transformation pathways of formaldehyde in the methanol-to-hydrocarbon conversion
Authors: Paunović Vladimir , Wu Xiangkun , Maggiulli Luca , Ferri Davide , Hemberger Patrick , Bodi Andras , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: February 2024

Formaldehyde, which is formed as the primary product from methanol, has a profound impact on product distribution and catalyst deactivation in the industrially-relevant methanol-to-hydrocarbons conversion.
Diversity of oxidation state in copper complexes with phenolate ligands
Authors: Takeyama Tomoyuki , Shimazaki Yuichi
Published: February 2024

The Cu-phenolate complexes show various electronic structures, such as phenoxyl radical binding CuI complexes and CuIV–phenolate species in the formal oxidation state, which give rise to characteristic properties and reactivities of the complexes.
Filamentous fungal pellets as a novel and sustainable encapsulation matrix for exogenous bioactive compounds
Authors: Lu Yixing , Ogawa Minami , García Jaime Moreno , Nitin Nitin
Published: February 2024

This study utilized filamentous fungal biomass as a sustainable encapsulation system for exogenous bioactive compounds and investigated the effect of a natural multicellular structure on the bioaccessibility of the encapsulated compound.
Electrochemical bromination of enamides with sodium bromide
Authors: Luan Shinan , Castanheiro Thomas , Poisson Thomas
Published: February 2024

The electrochemical bromination of enamide derivatives was developed using inexpensive and non-toxic sodium bromide (NaBr).
White light and near-infrared emissions of Pr3+ ions in SiO2-LaF3 sol–gel nano-glass-ceramics
Authors: Pawlik Natalia , Goryczka Tomasz , Zubko Maciej , Śmiarowska Joanna , Pisarski Wojciech A.
Published: February 2024

White light and NIR luminescence were obtained for oxyfluoride nano-glass-ceramics doped with Pr3+ ions prepared by the sol–gel method as an interesting alternative for well-known Pr3+-doped materials fabricated by the melt-quenching technique.
Calculations of the effect of catalyst size and structure on the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 on Cu nanoclusters
Authors: Weal Geoffrey R. , Guðmundsson Kristinn Ingi , Mackenzie Frank D. , Whiting John R. , Smith Nicholas B. , Skúlason Egill , Garden Anna L.
Published: February 2024

DFT studies of CO2 reduction to methane, methanol on Cu nanoclusters obtained by global optimisation reveals the promise of irregular, defected particles for reduced onset potentials.
Self-amplified activatable nanophotosensitizers for HIF-1α inhibition-enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Guo Zixin , Wang Nana , He Xiaowen , Shen Jinlong , Yang Xiangqi , Xie Chen , Fan Quli , Zhou Wen
Published: February 2024

A self-amplified activatable nanophotosensitizer is prepared for enhanced photodynamic therapy.
Oriented bouncing of droplets with a small Weber number on inclined one-dimensional nanoforests
Authors: Li Mao , Guo Qiming , Wen Jing , Zhan Fei , Shi Meng , Zhou Na , Huang Chengjun , Wang Lei , Mao Haiyang
Published: February 2024

This article reports a fast and efficient method to fabricate nanoscale asymmetric structures for directional bouncing of droplets with a low Weber number, offering a promising future in different applications.
Configurable swellability of hydrogel microstructure for structural-color-based imaging concealment/encryption
Authors: Wu Yunhui , Liu Lanlan , Bo Guohao , Li Qiang , Dai Chenjie , Li Zhongyang , Zhang Jian , Zhang Xuefeng
Published: February 2024

Multi-stage MHM nanocavities with configurably swellable hydrogel interlayers are achieved through high-resolution electron-beam exposure, resulting in structural-color-based imaging concealment/encryption driven by humidity change.
A sensitive lateral flow test strip sensor for visual detection of acid red 18 in food using bicentric-emission carbon dots
Authors: Hu Houwen , Chen Zewei , Li Tingting , Wang Linfan , Xing Haoming , Guo Guoqiang , Wang Gang , Chen Da
Published: February 2024

Hazardous synthetic colorants have found widespread use in food production, and excessive consumption of these pigments can pose potential risks to human health.
Biomolecular interactions on densely coated nanoparticles: a single-molecule perspective
Authors: Dey Swayandipta , Rivas-Barbosa Rodrigo , Sciortino Francesco , Zaccarelli Emanuela , Zijlstra Peter
Published: February 2024

A tunable strategy to control surface accessibility in densely coated DNA-modified gold nanoparticles. Depending on surface receptor densities, using spacers with receptor DNAs markedly influences association (kon) kinetics in DNA-mixed monolayers.
Simple and complex coacervation in systems involving plant proteins
Authors: Doshi Nirzar , Guo Wei , Chen Feipeng , Venema Paul , Shum Ho Cheung , de Vries Renko , Li Xiufeng
Published: February 2024

This review covers simple and complex coacervation in plant proteins: legume, oil seed, and cereal. We grouped the proteins by sources and properties and examined how processing affects phase behaviors.
Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite to ammonia on undercoordinated Cu
Authors: Zhang Ruichao , Shang Shiyao , Wang Fuzhou , Chu Ke
Published: February 2024

Undercoordinated Cu nanowires are explored as an efficient catalyst for NO2− electroreduction to NH3, arising from the created undercoordinated Cu sites to promote NO2−-to-NH3 energetics.
The Parkinson's disease related mutant VPS35 (D620N) amplifies the LRRK2 response to endolysosomal stress
Authors: McCarron Katy R. , Elcocks Hannah , Mortiboys Heather , Urbé Sylvie , Clague Michael J.
Published: February 2024

The identification of multiple genes linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) invites the question as to how they may co-operate. We have generated isogenic cell lines that inducibly express either wild-type or a mutant form of the retromer component VPS35 (D620N), which has been linked to PD. This has enabled us to test proposed effects of this mutation in a setting where the relative expression reflects the physiological occurrence. We confirm that this mutation compromises VPS35 association with the WASH complex, but find no defect in WASH recruitment to endosomes, nor in the distribution of lysosomal receptors, cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor and Sortilin. We show VPS35 (D620N) enhances the activity of the Parkinson’s associated kinase LRRK2 towards RAB12 under basal conditions. Furthermore, VPS35 (D620N) amplifies the LRRK2 response to endolysosomal stress resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of RABs 10 and 12. By comparing different types of endolysosomal stresses such as the ionophore nigericin and the membranolytic agent l-leucyl-l-leucine methyl ester, we are able to dissociate phospho-RAB accumulation from membrane rupture.
Total supply capability of electricity distribution networks considering flexible interconnection of low‐voltage service transformers
Authors: Zu Guoqiang , Wang Ying , Jiang Xun , Hao Ziyuan , Zhang Xin
Published: February 2024

Under the target of ‘emission peak and carbon neutrality’, electricity distribution networks will massively access low‐carbon technologies, which will result in problems such as insufficient hosting capacity, unbalanced electricity loads, degraded power quality etc. The low‐voltage flexible distribution network (LVFDN), which interconnects its low‐voltage service transformers using flexible power electronic devices (flexible interconnected devices [FIDs]) is considered an effective means to deal with the challenges above. The total supply capability (TSC) of LVFDN is proposed. Firstly, the typical structures of LVFDN and their operation modes are proposed. Then, the TSC model of LVFDN, which formulates flexible power flow control and multi‐level (medium‐voltage feeder and low‐voltage flexible interconnection) load transfer is proposed. Due to the non‐linear non‐convex characteristics of the proposed TSC model, a new algorithm based on the ‘branch and bound algorithm’ is also provided. In the case study, the TSC of an actual electricity distribution network is calculated and tested by the N‐1 verification method. Finally, the variations of TSC with different capacities of the low‐voltage FID are analysed. Suggestions for the planning and operation of LVFDN are also given. A theoretical basis for the application of flexible interconnection technology in low‐voltage electricity distribution networks is provided.
Fostering citizens’ engagement in smart city within digital era
Authors: Caputo Francesco
Published: February 2024

Digital instruments, devices, and platforms are exerting a transformative influence on trends and dynamics within socio-economic assets. This evolution leads to the emergence of novel configurations, exemplified by the concept of Smart Cities. It is crucial to comprehend and effectively manage the associated challenges, risks, and opportunities to ensure the viability of socio-economic configurations. This necessitates a paradigm shift in managing and addressing the relationships that form the backbone of these configurations. Given the ongoing evolution in socio- economic landscapes, this paper zeroes in on the imperative to reassess established approaches to citizens’ engagement in Smart City within Digital Era. By centring attention on the domains of technology readiness and the digital gap, the paper introduces a conceptual model grounded in the interpretative framework provided by Viable Systems Approach. This model serves to delineate key pillars for reflection and action, guiding the exploration of new pathways and processes aimed at amplifying citizens’ engagement in Smart City within Digital Era.
La Filière de Santé Maladies Rares TÊTECOU
Authors: de Chalendar Myriam , Friedlander Lisa , Leboulanger Nicolas
Published: February 2024

Les Filières de Santé Maladies Rares (FSMR) sont des structures nationales, labellisées par les ministères en charge de la Santé et de la Recherche, dans le cadre des Plans nationaux maladies rares (PNMR). Depuis 2004, les maladies rares sont en effet définies comme un enjeu de santé publique et bénéficient d’une organisation et de moyens spécifiques mis en œuvre dans les PNMR successifs.
Approximation schemes for scheduling jobs on identical parallel machines to minimize the maximum lateness and makespan
Authors: Alhadi Gais , Kacem Imed , Laroche Pierre , Osman Izzeldin M.
Published: February 2024

We consider a multiobjective scheduling problem, with the aim of minimizing the maximum lateness and the makespan on identical machines, when the number of machines is fixed. This paper proposes an exact algorithm (based on a dynamic programming) to generate the complete Pareto Frontier in a pseudo-polynomial time. Moreover, four heuristics have been proposed in order to optimize our algorithm. Then, we present a Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme (PTAS) to generate an approximate Pareto Frontier. In this scheme, we use a simplification technique based on the merging of jobs. Furthermore, we present a Fully Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme (FPTAS) to generate an approximate Pareto Frontier, based on the conversion of the dynamic programming algorithm. The proposed FPTAS is strongly polynomial. Finally, some numerical experiments are provided in order to compare the proposed approaches.
Die Therapie in den Alltag erweitern – Blended Care
Authors: Dierkes Wiebke
Published: February 2024

Digitale Hilfsmittel für zu Hause sinnvoll mit der Therapie in der Praxis zu kombinieren, bezeichnet man als Blended Care. Die Therapie wird in den Alltag von Klient*innen erweitert und regt zum Eigentraining an. Der Ansatz hat darüber hinaus das Potenzial, langen Wartezeiten für Therapietermine und dem Fachkräftemangel entgegenzuwirken. Wiebke Dierkes beschreibt, wie man Blended Care umsetzen kann.
Sozialemotionale Kompetenzen fördern – Im Test: Lubo aus dem All
Authors: Clauß Eva
Published: February 2024

Prävention ist in den Therapieberufen ein wichtiger Baustein und wird demnach auch im pädiatrischen Handlungsfeld verstärkt fokussiert. Das Programm „Lubo aus dem All“ dient als spannendes präventives Mittel, um gemeinsam mit Kindern im Vorschulalter sozialemotionale Kompetenzen zu stärken oder aufzubauen.
Performance of a Maternal Risk Stratification System for Predicting Low Apgar Scores
Authors: Kishkovich Thomas P. , James Kaitlyn E. , McCoy Thomas H. , Perlis Roy H. , Kaimal Anjali J. , Clapp Mark A.
Published: February 2024

Objective Maternal risk stratification systems are increasingly employed in predicting and preventing obstetric complications. These systems focus primarily on maternal morbidity, and few tools exist to stratify neonatal risk. We sought to determine if a maternal risk stratification score was associated with neonatal morbidity.

Study Design Retrospective cohort study of patients with liveborn infants born at ≥24 weeks at four hospitals in one health system between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020. The Expanded Obstetric Comorbidity Score (EOCS) is used as the maternal risk score. The primary neonatal outcome was 5-minute Apgar <7. Logistic regression models determined associations between EOCS and neonatal morbidity. Secondary analyses were performed, including stratifying outcomes by gestational age and limiting analysis to “low-risk” term singletons. Model discrimination assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) and calibration via calibration plots.

Results A total of 14,497 maternal–neonatal pairs were included; 236 (1.6%) had 5-minute Apgar <7; EOCS was higher in 5-minute Apgar <7 group (median 41 vs. 11, p < 0.001). AUC for EOCS in predicting Apgar <7 was 0.72 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.68, 0.75), demonstrating relatively good discrimination. Calibration plot revealed that those in the highest EOCS decile had higher risk of neonatal morbidity (7.6 vs. 1.7%, p < 0.001). When stratified by gestational age, discrimination weakened with advancing gestational age: AUC 0.70 for <28 weeks, 0.63 for 28 to 31 weeks, 0.64 for 32 to 36 weeks, and 0.61 for ≥37 weeks. When limited to term low-risk singletons, EOCS had lower discrimination for predicting neonatal morbidity and was not well calibrated.

Conclusion A maternal morbidity risk stratification system does not perform well in most patients giving birth, at low risk for neonatal complications. The findings suggest that the association between EOCS and 5-minute Apgar <7 likely reflects a relationship with prematurity. This study cautions against intentional or unintentional extrapolation of maternal morbidity risk for neonatal risk, especially for term deliveries.

Key Points
Health Information Technology Supporting Adherence Memory Disorder Patients: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Elkefi Safa , Blecker Saul , Bitan Yuval
Published: February 2024

Background People with memory disorders have difficulty adhering to treatments. With technological advances, it remains important to investigate the potential of health information technology (HIT) in supporting medication adherence among them.

Objectives This review investigates the role of HIT in supporting adherence to medication and therapies among patients with memory issues. It also captures the factors that impact technology adherence interventions.

Methods We searched the literature for relevant publications published until March 15, 2023, using technology to support adherence among patients with memory issues (dementia, Alzheimer's, amnesia, mild cognitive impairment, memory loss, etc.). The review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We conducted a quality assessment of the papers following the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results Fifteen studies were included after carefully reviewing the 3,773 articles in the search. Methodological quality, as appraised, ranged from 80 to 100% with eight studies rated 100%. The studies overall did not have a high risk of bias. Thus, all of the 15 studies were included. Technologies investigated were classified into four groups based on their impact: therapeutic patient education, simplifying treatment regimens, early follow-up visits and short-term treatment goals, and reminder programs. Different technologies were used (automatic drug dispensers or boxes, mobile health-based interventions, game-based interventions, e-health-based interventions, patient portals, and virtual reality). The factors impacting patients' adherence to technology-based treatment and medication were clustered into human–computer interaction and integration challenges.

Conclusion This study contributes to the literature by classifying the technologies that supported medication adherence among patients with memory issues in four groups. It also explores and presents the possible limitations of existing solutions to drive future research in supporting care for people with memory disorders.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Outcomes of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Compared to the Open Procedure in Patients with Gallbladder Disease
Authors: Roy Debajit Kumar , Sheikh Rahaman
Published: February 2024

Background Conflicting evidence regarding the laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy outcomes in scientific literature impacts the medical decision-making for patients with gallbladder disease. This study aimed to compare a range of primary and secondary outcomes between patients receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy and those with open intervention.

Methods Articles published from 1993 to 2023 were explored by utilizing advanced filters of PubMed Central/Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, JSTOR, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EBSCO. The gallbladder disease was determined by the presence of one or more of the following conditions: 1) Gangrenous cholecystitis, 2) acute cholecystitis, 3) chronic gallbladder diseases, and 4) cholelithiasis. The primary end-point was mortality, while the secondary outcome included (1) bile leakage, 2) common bile duct injury, 3) gangrene, 4) hospital stay (days), 5) major complications, 6) median hospital stay (days), (7) pneumonia, 8) sick leaves (days), and 9) wound infection.

Results Statistically significant reductions were observed in mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30, 0.45, p < 0.00001), mean hospital stay duration (mean difference: –2.68, 95% CI: –3.66, –1.70, p < 0.00001), major complications (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.64, p = 0.0005), post/intraoperative wound infection (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.51, p < 0.0001), and sick leaves (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.80, p = 0.01) in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared with those with the open intervention. No statistically significant differences were recorded between the study groups for bile leakage, common bile duct injury, gangrene, median hospital stay days, and pneumonia (p > 0.05).

Conclusions The pooled outcomes favored the use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy over the open procedure in patients with gallbladder disease. The consolidated findings indicate the higher impact of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in improving patient outcomes, including safety episodes, compared with open cholecystectomy.
Quasi-periodic solutions of n coupled Schrödinger equations with Liouvillean basic frequencies
Authors: Zhang Dongfeng , Xu Junxiang
Published: February 2024

In this paper we consider n coupled Schrödinger equations −d2ydt2+u(ωt)y=Ey,y∈Rn, where E=diag(λ12,…,λn2) is a diagonal matrix, u(ωt) is a real analytic quasi-periodic symmetric matrix. If the basic frequencies ω = (1, α), where α is irrational, it is proved that for most of sufficiently large λj, j = 1, …, n, all the solutions of n coupled Schrödinger equations are bounded. Furthermore, if the basic frequencies satisfy that 0 ≤ β(α) < r, where β(α)=lim supn→∞lnqn+1qn, qn is the sequence of denominations of the best rational approximations for α∈R\Q, r is the initial analytic radius, we obtain the existence of n pairs of conjugate quasi-periodic solutions for most of sufficiently large λj, j = 1, …, n.
Antimagnonics
Authors: Harms J. S. , Yuan H. Y. , Duine Rembert A.
Published: February 2024

Magnons are the quanta of collective spin excitations in magnetically ordered systems, and manipulation of magnons for computing and information processing has witnessed the development of “magnonics.” A magnon corresponds to an excitation of the magnetic system from its ground state, and the creation of a magnon thus increases the total energy of the system. In this perspective, we introduce the antiparticle of a magnon, dubbed the antimagnon, as an excitation that lowers the magnetic energy. On the fundamental side, the introduction of antimagnons paves the way to study phenomena from high-energy physics that are hard to observe with elementary particles, such as the Klein effect, black-hole horizons, and black-hole lasing, in a condensed-matter setting. On the application side, the introduction of antimagnons yields physical intuition for schemes to amplify magnons that may eventually find applications in magnonics, and this is often based on analogies of the aforementioned high-energy phenomena. We investigate the stability and thermal occupation of antimagnons and verify our theory by micromagnetic simulations. We hope that our work stimulates fundamental interest in antimagnons, as well as their applications to spintronic devices.
Carrier-induced formation of electrically active boron-interstitial clusters in irradiated boron-doped silicon
Authors: Chen X. C. , Li L. , Wang M. Y. , Ren H. , Liu X. Q. , Zeng G. , Yang G. X.
Published: February 2024

Excess minority carriers create boron-related recombination centers that degrade the efficiency of the non-particle-irradiated silicon solar cells. However, the carrier-induced reactions among the radiation-induced defects are poorly understood for devices exposed to particle radiation. This study investigates the structure, electronic properties, formation and annihilation mechanisms, and diffusion dynamics of the carrier-induced defects in particle-irradiated boron-doped silicon using density-functional modeling and junction spectroscopy. By revisiting the ground-state structures of the boron-di-interstitial clusters (BI2), we find that the calculated acceptor and donor levels of such defects agree well quantitatively with the carrier-induced deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) hole emission signatures at 0.43 and 0.53 eV above the valence band edge (Ev), respectively. We also find that the formation of BI2 is thermally activated by an energy of 0.50 eV, which we explain theoretically by the reduction of the migration barrier of mono-interstitials to 0.53 eV in the presence of excess minority carriers. Moreover, we discover that the BI2 are potentially mobile with a migration barrier of 1.18 eV, contrary to the present understanding.
A comprehensive study of large eddy simulation models in capturing the dynamics of gas-particle turbulent suspensions
Authors: Rohilla Naveen , Goswami Partha Sarathi
Published: February 2024

The particle phase attenuates the fluid fluctuations with an increase in volume fraction, and a sudden collapse in the turbulence is observed at a particular particle volume fraction, called critical particle volume loading (CPVL) [P. Muramulla et al. J. Fluid Mech. 889, A28 (2020)]. The present study reports the capability of two different classes of large eddy simulation (LES), viz. anisotropic and eddy viscosity-based, models to capture the turbulence modulation and the sudden disruption of the fluid fluctuations in the particle-laden vertical channel flows. The simulations are performed at two bulk Reynolds numbers of 3300 and 5600 based on the channel width and the bulk averaged fluid velocity. Our study on different LES models shows that approximate deconvolution (ADM) and scale similarity (SS) models accurately predict the critical loading for the Reynolds number of 3300. However, these models predict the critical loading qualitatively only for the Reynolds number of 5600 in the sense that they fail to predict the discontinuity as shown by the direct numerical simulation (DNS) study. The coherent structure model (CSM) predicts the critical loading with an 80% accuracy at both Reynolds numbers. The energy spectral density, production, and particle-induced dissipation spectra are plotted to analyze the distribution across wavenumbers. For all the LES models, a decrease in more than one order of magnitude is observed in the energy spectrum density at the critical loading compared to the unladen flow. The energy density decreases more in the channel center than in the near-wall region for the same particle volume loading. The mean component of particle-induced dissipation is almost two orders of magnitude larger than the particle dissipation spectra of fluctuating energy. The magnitude of streamwise and spanwise dissipation spectra of fluctuating components is higher in the near-wall region than the channel center. However, the magnitude of wall-normal dissipation spectra is higher in the channel center than near the wall region.
Spectral control of beyond extreme ultraviolet emission from a dual-laser-produced plasma
Authors: Kume Masaki , Sugiura Tsukasa , Morita Hiroki , Jiang Weihua , Sakaue Kazuyuki , Namba Shinichi , O'Sullivan Gerry , Higashiguchi Takeshi
Published: February 2024

We demonstrated spectral control of beyond extreme ultraviolet (B-EUV) emission at a central wavelength of 6.76 nm from a gadolinium (Gd) laser-produced plasma. The highest spectral purity (SP) was 5.1% under dual 1-μm laser pulse irradiation. It doubled compared to a value of 2.4% attained under single laser pulse irradiation of solid density Gd because of the reduction in optical depth. The highest maximum SP was higher than that obtained using a mid-infrared laser at 10.6 μm. The SP for the 150-ps main laser was also higher than that for 6-ns main laser irradiation. Our approach can be extended to mid-infrared solid-state laser-produced plasmas (LPPs) using driving laser wavelengths ranging from 2 to 9 μm for efficient B-EUV source development.
Dynamic response of additively manufactured Ti–5Al–5V–5Mo–3Cr as a function of heat treatment
Authors: Specht Paul E. , Ruggles Timothy , Miers John , Moore David , Brown Nathan , Duwal Sakun , Branch Brittany
Published: February 2024

Both shock and shockless compression experiments were performed on laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) Ti–5Al–5V–5Mo–3Cr (Ti-5553) to peak compressive stresses near 15 GPa. Experiments were performed on the as-built material, containing a purely β (body centered cubic) microstructure, and two differing heat treatments resulting in a dual phase α (hexagonal close packed) and β microstructure. The Hugoniot, Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL), and spallation strength were measured and compared to wrought Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64). The results indicate the LPBF Ti-5553 Hugoniot response is similar between heat treatments and to Ti-64. The HEL stress observed in the LPBF Ti-5553 was considerably higher than Ti-64, with the as-built, fully β alloy exhibiting the largest values. The spallation strength of the LPBF Ti-5553 was also similar to Ti-64. Clear evidence of initial porosity serving as initiation sites for spallation damage was observed when comparing computed tomography measurements before and after loading. Post-mortem scanning electron microscopy images of the recovered spallation samples showed no evidence of retained phase changes near the spall plane. The spall plane was found to have kinks aligned with the loading direction near areas with large concentrations of twin-like, crystallographic defects in the as-built condition. For the heat-treated samples, the concentrations of twin-like, crystallographic defects were absent, and no preference for failure at the interface between the α and β phases was observed.
Delayed action leads to faster turning of fish by interaction with neighbor
Authors: Song Jialei , Li Yuhan , Xiao Yang , Wang Chao , Zhong Yong , Yin Ling
Published: February 2024

Schooling fish exhibit captivating biological behaviors that have garnered interest from both biologists and engineers. While the undulatory motion of fish in schools has been extensively studied, rapid turning within these schools remains underexplored. This paper presents a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a fast-start scenario involving two fish to investigate the influence of spatial and phase differences on swimming performance. Our findings indicate that, by leveraging the wake of the upstream fish, a downstream fish can enhance its travel distance by up to 34.4% and its rotational angle by up to 41.6%. The optimal travel distance is achieved when the starting jet of the front fish aligns with the center of mass (COM) of the downstream fish. Conversely, the largest rotational angle is observed when this jet precedes the center of mass. The research further identifies a vortex phase matching phenomenon in fish schools during rapid turns. The phase difference, or the downstream fish's delayed response, allows it to harness the wake for improved transitional and rotational movement. However, this approach might decrease the average angular velocity, which represents the rotational angle divided by the total duration of turning and waiting. Our study concludes that, with a specific phase difference, this delayed action facilitates faster fish turns by utilizing the wake created by the neighboring fish.
Numerical analysis of the flow over four side-by-side square cylinders with different gaps
Authors: Sun Qian , Yuan Hao , Liang Haoran , Zhou Xidong , Zhan Die
Published: February 2024

This study conducts two-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow over four square cylinders arranged side by side at a low Reynolds number (Re) of 100. The investigation primarily centers on the influence of the gap to a square cylinder width ratio (g*) on the flow. The range of g* spans from 0.1 to 7.0. Within this parameter range, three distinct flow regimes emerge based on the inherent flow characteristics. These regimes are defined as follows: (1) single bluff body flow (g* ≤ 0.3), (2) flip-flopping flow (0.3 < g* < 2.0), and (3) modulated periodic flow (g* ≥ 2.0). Additionally, the modulated periodic flow is further categorized into three distinct flow patterns. Various aspects of these different flow regimes are examined, including vortex contours, velocity fields, and liquid force coefficients around the cylinders. Moreover, detailed illustrations are provided for the modulation behaviors in vortex structures and liquid force coefficients. Finally, the proper orthogonal decomposition technique is employed to identify and analyze the underlying spatial coherent structures in the flow field, offering further insights into the dynamic features of wakes.
Photoelectric properties of two-dimensional electron gas at the (Ga0.5Al0.5)2O3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces
Authors: Li S. L. , Kong B. , Xiao C. C. , Jin K. X.
Published: February 2024

We report a two-dimensional electron gas created at the (Ga0.5Al0.5)2O3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces with different deposition temperatures and thicknesses by a pulsed laser deposition method. It is found that the critical deposition temperature for the metal-to-insulator transition is about 400 °C with a thickness of 43.2 nm. The carrier density and mobility of sample at the deposition temperature of 300 °C are 1012 cm−2 and 67.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 50 K, respectively. The thickness of the conductive layer is ∼4.0 nm estimated from the anisotropic magnetoresistance. The bandgaps of films deposited at different temperatures are in the range of 5.6–5.9 eV. Furthermore, the heterointerfaces have a strong response to 360 nm light with a relative resistance change of ∼70%. Our results are related to the charge transfer due to the oxygen defect at the interfaces, which provides a way for the development of third-generation semiconductor optoelectronic devices.
Analysis of fusion fuel conditions and instability development in shocklessly compressed MagLIF implosion simulations
Authors: Shipley G. A. , Ruiz D. E. , Porwitzky A. J.
Published: February 2024

Magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) implosions on the Z accelerator have almost exclusively been driven by ∼100-ns rise time current pulses. The rise time is selected to be as short as achievable on Z partially to minimize the time during which deleterious implosion instabilities can develop. Modifying the shape of the current pulse could provide benefits for MagLIF, including more efficient compression of the fusion fuel and the magnetic flux inside the liner cavity. Quasi-isentropic compression of the liner prevents formation of shocks in the liner material and reduces the amount of entropy generation within the liner. This allows for more final compression of the liner and fuel assembly. We present results from one-dimensional (1D) radiation-magnetohydrodynamic (rad-MHD) simulations comparing thermonuclear fuel conditions in MagLIF implosions driven with two different current pulses: a ∼100-ns rise time, ∼21.5 MA peak current “short pulse” and a ∼200-ns rise time, ∼21.5 MA peak current “shockless” pulse. We also quantify and compare the instability development in three-dimensional (3D) MHD implosion simulations driven by these two different pulse shapes. Our 1D simulations indicate that the shocklessly compressed MagLIF implosion performs better than the short pulse driven implosion with a >50% higher thermonuclear neutron yield, and 3D simulations indicate comparable implosion instability development, suggesting that pulse shaping could enable improvements to MagLIF performance on Z without compromising implosion stability.
151Eu Mössbauer study of magnetic ordering in flux-grown ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic forms of EuCd2As2
Authors: Ryan D. H. , Jo Na Hyun , Kuthanazhi Brinda , Bud’ko Sergey L. , Canfield Paul C.
Published: February 2024

EuCd2As2 is a remarkably complex magnetic semimetal that may behave as a topological insulator or host two pairs of Weyl points, depending on the growth conditions and the final magnetic state. Both antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) forms have been grown, and we show here, using 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy, that the differences between the AFM and FM forms extend well beyond their ground state magnetic structures. Whereas the AFM form undergoes a conventional AFM → paramagnetic transition on warming, the FM form passes through a complex incommensurate modulated state before becoming paramagnetic.