bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal weight and plantar pressure distribution while standing after tibial or malleolar fractures in patients with or without fracture union
Authors: Warmerdam Elke , Baumgartner Sonja , Pohlemann Tim , Ganse Bergita
Published: October 2024

Fracture healing is usually monitored by clinical impressions and radiographs. Objective and easy methods for assessing fracture healing without radiation would be beneficial. The aim of this study was to analyse whether weight and plantar pressure while standing can be used to monitor healing of tibial or malleolar fractures and whether these parameters can discriminate between patients with and without union. Thirteen patients were longitudinally assessed during each postoperative clinical visit, of whom two developed a nonunion. Eleven matched healthy controls were assessed once. Additionally, five patients already experiencing nonunion were assessed once at the time of their nonunion diagnosis. All participants performed a standing task for ten seconds with pressure-sensing insoles. Greatest improvements were detected throughout the first three months in patients with union. However, six months after surgery, more than half of the parameters were still significantly different from those of the controls. The weight and pressure distributions did not differ between patients with or without union six months after surgery. A standing task can be used to monitor improvements in weight and pressure distribution throughout the healing process of tibial or malleolar fractures, but lacks potential to discriminate between patients with or without fracture union.
Cavity-magnon-polariton spectroscopy of strongly hybridized electro-nuclear spin excitations in LiHoF4
Authors: Yang Yikai , Babkevich Peter , Gaal Richard , Živković Ivica , Rønnow Henrik M.
Published: October 2024

We first present a formalism that incorporates the input-output formalism and the linear response theory to employ cavity-magnon-polariton coupling as a spectroscopic tool for investigating strongly hybridized electro-nuclear spin excitations. A microscopic relation between the generalized susceptibility and the scattering parameter $$|S_{11}|$$

|

S
11

|

in strongly hybridized cavity-magnon-polariton systems has been derived without resorting to semi-classical approximations. The formalism is then applied to both analyze and simulate a specific systems comprising a model quantum Ising magnet ($$\hbox {LiHoF}_4$$

LiHoF
4

) and a high-finesse 3D re-entrant cavity resonator. Quantitative information on the electro-nuclear spin states in $$\hbox {LiHoF}_4$$

LiHoF
4

is extracted, and the experimental observations across a broad parameter range were numerically reproduced, including an external magnetic field traversing a quantum critical point. The method potentially opens a new avenue not only for further studies on the quantum phase transition in $$\hbox {LiHoF}_4$$

LiHoF
4

but also for a wide range of complex magnetic systems.
Identification of SLC31A1 as a prognostic biomarker and a target for therapeutics in breast cancer
Authors: Fu Hongtao , Dong Shanshan , Li Kun
Published: October 2024

Copper-induced cell death is regulated through protein lipoylation, which is critical for gene expression and phenotypic regulation. Neverless, the role of Cuproptosis-related genes in breast cancer (BC) remains unknown. This study aimed to construct a prognostic signature based on the expression of Cuproptosis-related genes in order to guide the diagnosis and treatment for BC. Cuproptosis-related genes prognostic signature has ata of 1250 BC tissues and 583 normal breast tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx), and GEO GSE65212. The prognostic signature was established and evaluated with nineteen Cuproptosis-related genes. A series of in silico analyses based on SLC31A1, included expression analysis, independent prognostic analysis, correlation analysis, immune-related analysis and survival analysis. Finally, a series of cell experiments (including quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot), and mice experiments were applied to evaluate the impact of SLC31A1 on BC. Cuproptosis-related genes prognostic signature has good predictive promising for survival in BC patients. We discovered that SLC31A1SLC31A1 was overexpressed in BC and was its independent prognostic factor. High expression of the SLC31A1 was correlated with poor prognosis and immune infiltrating of BC. SLC31A1 expression is associated with immune, chemotherapeutic and targeted therapy outcomes in BC. The proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of Her2 + enriched BC cells were decreased by SLC31A1 knockdown, also resulting in a decrease in tumor volume in mouse model. SLC31A1 is a candidate biomarker or therapeutic target in precision oncology, with diagnostic and prognostic significance in BC.
A refined TTC assay precisely detects cardiac injury and cellular viability in the infarcted mouse heart
Authors: Ding Zheheng , Liu Xueqing , Jiang Hongyan , Zhao Jianfeng , Temme Sebastian , Bouvain Pascal , Alter Christina , Rafii Puyan , Scheller Jürgen , Flögel Ulrich , Zhu Hongtao , Ding Zhaoping
Published: October 2024

Histological analysis with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining is the most frequently used tool to detect myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, its practicality is often challenged by poor image quality in gross histology, leading to an equivocal infarct-boundary delineation and potentially compromised measurement accuracy. Here, we introduce several crucial refinements in staining protocol and sample processing, which enable TTC images to be analyzed with light microscopy. The refined protocol involves a two-step TTC staining process (perfusion and immersion) and subsequent Zamboni fixation to differentiate myocardial viability and necrosis, and use of Coomassie brilliant blue to label area-at-risk. After the duo-staining steps were completed, the heart sample was embedded and sliced transversally by a cryostat into a series of thin sections (50 µm) for microscopic analysis. The refined TTC (redTTC) assay yielded remarkably high-quality images with striking color intensity and sharply defined boundaries, permitting unambiguous and reliable delineation of the infarct and area-at-risk. In the same animals, the redTTC assay showed good agreement with the in-vivo gold standard measurements (LGE and MEMRI). Meanwhile, redTTC imaging allows tracking of viable cardiomyocytes at cellular resolution, and with this enhanced capability, we convincingly demonstrated the pro-survival action of stem cells based-therapy. Therefore, the redTTC assay represents a significant technical advance that permits precise detection of the true extent of cardiac injury and cardiomyocyte viability. This approach is cost-effective and may be adapted for use in diverse applications, making it highly appealing to many laboratories performing ischemia/reperfusion injury experiments.
On your terms or mine: pigs’ response to imposed gentle tactile contact vs. free form interaction with a familiar human
Authors: Truong Suzanne , Schmitt Oceane , Rault Jean-Loup
Published: October 2024

Positive human–animal interactions (HAIs) can be intrinsically rewarding and facilitate positive human–animal relationships. However, HAI paradigms vary across studies, and the influence of different interaction paradigms on the animal’s response has been overlooked. We compared the behavioural responses of pigs (n = 28) individually tested with two types of gentle tactile interactions with a familiar human: ‘free form (FF)’ where the pig could voluntarily approach and interact as they normally would, and ‘imposed contact (IC)’ where the human imposed tactile contact on the pig according to a standardised protocol. Pigs did not differ in their level of engagement with the human between the two types of interactions. However, they differed in their behaviour as they explored the pen more during the FF test, while they emitted more low-pitched vocalisations (grunts) during the IC test. These differences can likely be imputed to the IC test differing to the pigs’ habituation to human contact, which could have evoked greater attention to the human or triggered frustration due to violation of expectation. These findings highlight the influence of the predictability of the interaction or level of agency provided to the animal in HAI tests and relation to their previous experience of interacting.
Deep learning improves physician accuracy in the comprehensive detection of abnormalities on chest X-rays
Authors: Anderson Pamela G. , Tarder-Stoll Hannah , Alpaslan Mehmet , Keathley Nora , Levin David L. , Venkatesh Srivas , Bartel Elliot , Sicular Serge , Howell Scott , Lindsey Robert V. , Jones Rebecca M.
Published: October 2024

Chest X-rays are the most commonly performed medical imaging exam, yet they are often misinterpreted by physicians. Here, we present an FDA-cleared, artificial intelligence (AI) system which uses a deep learning algorithm to assist physicians in the comprehensive detection and localization of abnormalities on chest X-rays. We trained and tested the AI system on a large dataset, assessed generalizability on publicly available data, and evaluated radiologist and non-radiologist physician accuracy when unaided and aided by the AI system. The AI system accurately detected chest X-ray abnormalities (AUC: 0.976, 95% bootstrap CI: 0.975, 0.976) and generalized to a publicly available dataset (AUC: 0.975, 95% bootstrap CI: 0.971, 0.978). Physicians showed significant improvements in detecting abnormalities on chest X-rays when aided by the AI system compared to when unaided (difference in AUC: 0.101, p < 0.001). Non-radiologist physicians detected abnormalities on chest X-ray exams as accurately as radiologists when aided by the AI system and were faster at evaluating chest X-rays when aided compared to unaided. Together, these results show that the AI system is accurate and reduces physician errors in chest X-ray evaluation, which highlights the potential of AI systems to improve access to fast, high-quality radiograph interpretation.
Investigation of slow magnetic relaxation in a series of 1D polymeric cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylates based on LnIIIVIV2 units (LnIII = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb): rare examples of VIV-4f single-molecule magnets
Authors: Bazhina Evgeniya S. , Shmelev Maxim A. , Gogoleva Natalia V. , Babeshkin Konstantin A. , Kurganskii Ivan V. , Efimov Nikolay N. , Fedin Matvey V. , Kiskin Mikhail A. , Eremenko Igor L.
Published: October 2024

New rare LnIII–VIV single-molecule magnets (Ln = Dy, Er, Yb) were synthesized and characterized. For DyIII–VIV and YbIII–VIV complexes studied by EPR spectroscopy, the phenomenon of phase relaxation enhancement (PRE) was observed.
Enhanced electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia with nanostructured Mo2C on carbon nanotube-reduced graphene oxide hybrid support
Authors: Jang So Eun , Kim Jae Young , Youn Duck Hyun
Published: October 2024

Mo2C nanoparticles dispersed on CNT-RGO hybrid support (Mo2C/CNT-RGO) serve as an effective electrocatalyst for NO3−RR, showing high performance due to the synergistic interaction between the active Mo2C sites and the CNT-RGO hybrid support.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of benzothiazole oxidation by OH in air and the role of O2
Authors: Karimova Natalia V. , Wang Weihong , Gerber R. Benny , Finlayson-Pitts Barbara J.
Published: October 2024

Products of the oxidation of BTH by OH in air.
Construction of fused heterocycles by visible-light induced dearomatization of nonactivated arenes
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Luo Yong , Liu Yidong
Published: October 2024

The dearomative cyclization of benzene derivatives under visible light irradiation led to a diverse array of fused [6-6-5] tricyclic heterocycles.
Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial study of chitosan–zinc oxide nanocomposite-coated superhydrophobic cotton fabric
Authors: Kachare Kranti S. , Shendage Shital S. , Vhanbatte Shirishkumar B. , Mai Fu D. , Ghule Anil Vithal
Published: October 2024

A facile green, cost-effective and scalable pad-dry-cure method produces mechanically stable, superhydrophobic and wash-durable multifunctional CS–ZnO CF for antibacterial application.
Sustainable production of raw materials from waste cooking oils
Authors: Mannu Alberto , Almendras Flores Pablo , Briatico Vangosa Francesco , Di Pietro Maria E. , Mele Andrea
Published: October 2024

Water washing of waste cooking oils under controlled conditions allows a sustainable regeneration of the triglycerides constituting the oil.
Ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity driven high thermoelectric figure of merit in Sb/W co-doped GeTe
Authors: Bayikadi Khasim Saheb , Imam Safdar , Tee Wei-Shen , Kavirajan Sugumaran , Chang Chiao-Yu , Sabbah Amr , Fu Fang-Yu , Liu Ting-Ran , Chiang Ching-Yu , Shukla Dinesh , Wu Chien-Ting , Chen Li-Chyong , Chou Mei-Yin , Chen Kuei-Hsien , Sankar Raman
Published: October 2024

Phonon scattering processes to κlat of Ge0.85Sb0.1W0.05Te: Umklapp, boundary, point-defect, stacking faults, resonant scattering, nanoprecipitates & microstructural effects. (b) κlat reduction (inset: ZT enhancement).
Electrochemical oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene in an oxygen-ion conducting solid oxide electrolyzer
Authors: Luo Cong , Ma Jiaming , Ye Lingting , Xie Kui
Published: October 2024

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene is a feasible and promising route to meet the requirement for propylene production.
From energy to light: advancements in perovskite quantum dots for optoelectronics
Authors: Aftab Sikandar , Koyyada Ganesh , Mukhtar Maria , Hegazy H. H. , Kim Jae Hong
Published: October 2024

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), with their distinct optoelectronic characteristics like their tunable bandgap and high photoluminescence quantum yield, have attracted a lot of attention as viable options for a variety of optoelectronic uses.
Substituent tailoring anti-aromaticity and charge transport polarity of cyclopenta[hi]aceanthrylenes
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Sun Fan , Guo Junfeng , Qie Fengxiang , Jia Xiaohui , Shi Chunfeng , Zhen Yonggang
Published: October 2024

Substituents at peripheral cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are important to regulate the anti-aromaticity, energy levels and charge transport polarity.
Molecular interaction regulation by adding a third component with high miscibility suppresses the energetic disorder and reduces energy loss for efficient ternary solar cells
Authors: Lin Ruiying , Peng Shichu , Luo Zhenyu , Wu Jiaxin , Jin Yaocheng , Huo Yanping , Xiao Liangang , Min Yonggang
Published: October 2024

In the advancement of organic solar cells (OSCs), the ternary strategy has emerged as an effective approach for fabricating devices with high photovoltaic performance.
Experimental evidence of the excited-state mixing in the blue emitter for organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Ievtukhov Vladyslav , Mońka Michał , Ciupak Olga , Bylińska Irena , Bojarski Piotr , Krzymiński Karol , Serdiuk Illia E.
Published: October 2024

Superior triplet harvesting properties of TMCz-BO emitter are analyzed in liquid and solid media. The notions of dynamic and static excited-state mixing are introduced to explain dual and triple nature of S1 and T1 states as well as TADF mechanism.
Thermal solutions of strongly magnetized disks and the hysteresis in X-ray binaries
Authors: Scepi Nicolas , Dexter Jason , Begelman Mitchell C. , Marcel Grégoire , Ferreira Jonathan , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier
Published: October 2024

Context. X-ray binaries (XRBs) exhibit a spectral hysteresis for luminosities in the range 10−2 ≲ L/LEdd ≲ 0.3, with a hard X-ray spectral state that persists from quiescent luminosities up to ≳0.3LEdd, transitioning to a soft spectral state that survives with decreasing luminosities down to ∼10−2LEdd.

Aims. We present a possible approach to explain this behavior based on the thermal properties of a magnetically arrested disk simulation.

Methods. By post-processing the simulation to include radiative effects, we solved for all the thermal equilibrium solutions as the accretion rate, Ṁ, varies during the XRB outburst.

Results. For an assumed scaling of the disk scale height and accretion speed with temperature, we find that two solutions exist in the range of 10−3 ≲ Ṁ/ṀEddington ≲ 0.1 at r = 8 rg (4 × 10−2 ≲ Ṁ/ṀEddington ≲ 0.5 at r = 3 rg): a cold, optically thick solution, and a hot, optically thin one. This opens the possibility of a natural thermal hysteresis in the right range of luminosities for XRBs. We stress that our scenario for the hysteresis does not require us to invoke the strong advection-dominated accretion flow principle, nor does it require the magnetization of the disk to change during the XRB outburst. In fact, our scenario requires a highly magnetized disk in the cold soft state to reproduce the transition from soft to hard state at the right luminosities. Our scenario therefore predicts a jet, although possibly very weakly dissipative, in the soft state of XRBs. We also predict that if active galactic nuclei have similar hysteresis cycles and are strongly magnetized, they undergo a transition from soft to hard state at much lower L/LEdd than XRBs.
Advancements and Challenges in Molten Salt Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Power Generation
Authors: Shi Yuxin
Published: October 2024

Solar power, which is one of the most abundant and sustainable energy sources, has attracted a lot of attention for its clean and renewable attributes amid a growing global demand for renewable energy. Molten salt (MS) energy storage technology is an innovative and effective method of thermal energy storage. It can significantly improve CSP (concentrated solar power) systems’ stability and efficiency. This review first introduces the importance of solar energy and then delves into the development and applications of MS energy storage technology. Traditional MSs (e.g., Solar Salt and Hitec Salt) face issues of thermal stability and corrosion at high temperatures, whereas improved MSs have shown significant enhancements in thermal properties. This paper summarizes research achievements in improving MS performance through the addition of alkaline substances, optimization of MS ratios, and introduction of nanoparticles to form nanofluids. Furthermore, the paper covers future research areas and challenges for MS energy storage technology. These include the creation of new MS materials, system design optimization, and cost reduction strategies. Technology utilizing MS energy storage is a promising component of energy systems of the future, as it contributes significantly to the advancement of renewable energy sources and increases energy efficiency.
Key Technologies of Automotive Fuel Cells and Their Comparison with Pure Electric Batteries
Authors: Lei Junzhe
Published: October 2024

Climate change is pressing issue in the contemporary global economy, exacerbated by unsustainable development practices that adversely impact both human populations and ecosystems. Alongside these environmental challenges, the world faces an unprecedented energy crisis characterized by increasing global demand and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, necessitating a shift towards sustainable alternatives. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and pure electric vehicles (EVs), focusing on their emission reduction and energy utilization capabilities. FCVs, using electrochemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen, offer high energy conversion efficiency and quick refueling but face challenges related to high production costs and limited hydrogen infrastructure. EVs, powered by lithium-ion batteries, provide high efficiency, ease of charging, and strong market acceptance, though integrating solid-state lithium batteries presents technical challenges. The paper also explores advancements in catalyst and membrane technologies for FCVs, and battery performance improvements for EVs. Economic comparisons highlight the current cost advantages of EVs, while future sustainability will depend on advancements in materials, manufacturing, and recycling processes. This research aims to inform the development of nextgeneration transportation technologies that address both environmental and energy challenges.
Application process of nanomaterials in electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Tang Yuxuan
Published: October 2024

The rapid growth of new energy industry puts forward new requirements for electrochemical energy storage technology. Since nanomaterials have many physical and chemical properties related to the composition and size, the application of nanomaterials in the area of energy storage with electrochemistry has unique advantages. The paper reviewed the application process of nanomaterials in supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries and flow batteries, and analysed mechanisms of improving energy storage properties. The author found nanomaterials are mainly used for the structure and composition adjustment of electrode materials. Nanomaterials with special structures and large specific surface area can facilitate electrolyte penetration and electron transfer in supercapacitors. In lithium-ion batteries, the specific capacitance and structural stability of positive electrode materials can be improved by doping and coating. Dispersing nanoscale catalysts on negative electrode materials can reduce electrochemical polarization and improve energy efficiency of flow batteries. The paper can offer theoretical direction for the appling nanomaterials in electrochemical energy storage systems, and guide the future development of new energy industry.
Control Strategy Based on PID Control in Photovoltaic Inverters
Authors: Ding Haoyu , Gao Yizhuo
Published: October 2024

With the rise and continuous development of new energy sources, photovoltaic (PV) power generation and grid integration have become increasingly critical in the energy industry. In order to select the appropriate inverter control schemes during the process of PV power generation and grid integration, this paper deeply discusses and analyzes the commonly seen Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control strategies. As well as firstly it systematically explains the basic principles of PV inverters and PID control technology. Secondly, this paper explores the principles and structures of several optimized PID control strategies, and conducts an in-depth discussion and analysis of the applicable scenarios of various schemes. In addition, it comprehensively evaluates the performance of PID control in PV inverters. Finally, it deeply discusses and looks forward to the future development direction of PID control in the field of PV inverters, and the research aiming to provide inspiration and guidance for researchers in this field.
Advancing Intelligent Manufacturing in the Automotive Industry for Enhanced Innovation and Sustainability of New Energy Vehicles
Authors: Liu Zheyu
Published: October 2024

Intelligent manufacturing technology is revolutionizing the production processes in the automotive industry through enhanced efficiency, flexibility, and intelligence. This review examines the current applications and future trends of intelligent manufacturing in the automotive sector, aiming to inform technological innovation and strategic planning. The paper begins by outlining the development and significance of intelligent manufacturing in the context of the automotive industry. Key technologies such as the industrial Internet, mechatronics, industrial robots, and digital factories are then highlighted, with an analysis of their roles in improving manufacturing efficiency and product quality. Through a comprehensive literature review and case analysis, the integrated application of these technologies is explored, particularly their innovations in production line design and impact on new energy vehicles. The paper concludes by summarizing how intelligent manufacturing technology is driving the automotive industry’s transformation towards greener and smarter production, and it proposes future research directions and addresses technical challenges.
Research on the Utilizations of MOFs-MIPs in Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu
Published: October 2024

Along with the rapid progress of technology and the mounting demand for analysis, electrochemical sensing technology has become an important branch in the field of analytical chemistry. Electrochemical sensors have received much attention on account of their high sensitivity, fast-response, and portability. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials, especially metal organic frameworksmolecular imprinting polymers (MOFs-MIPs) that combine molecular imprinting techniques (MIPs), exhibit unique pore structures, good chemical stability, and various functionalization methods. MOFs-MIPs have shown great potential in improving the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensors, which makes it a research hotspot in the field of electrochemical sensors. This article outlines the application progress of MOFs-MIPs electrochemical sensors in environmental detection, drug analysis, clinical drug monitoring, and food safety. Firstly, this paper gives a brief introduction to MOFs materials. Then, the application progress of MOFs-MIPs electrochemical sensor in environmental detection, drug analysis, clinical drug monitoring and food safety was reviewed. By analyzing the existing literature, this paper summarizes the mechanism of MOFs-MIPs enhancing the performance of electrochemical sensors. Finally, this work points out the current challenges and the future development direction. In summary, MOFs-MIPs have broad application prospects in the field of electrochemical sensors and are expected to provide new impetus for technological progress in related fields.
Analysis of the toxic mechanisms of different pesticides
Authors: Liu Xingyun , Mao Jiangyi , Zhao Lingyun
Published: October 2024

Although pesticides have been widely used in the agricultural field, their toxicity can cause various environmental and human health problems during the use of pesticides. This research will select several commonly used pesticides for analysis including pyrethroids, organophosphates (OPs) and DDT, and discuss their toxicity mechanisms and their relationship with human health. This research discusses the association between toxicity of pyrethroids and temperature. The toxicity of pyrethroids is a combined result of the mean temperature and daily temperature fluctuation, and most pyrethroids are very toxic to insects and fish, but non-poisonous for human in short term. While having prolonged exposure to pyrethroids also can have negative effect on human’s health. The plausible mechanisms of OPs toxicity are analyzed, which are less commonly acknowledged than cholinergic poisoning. This research will discuss DDT, including DDT synthesis method, chemical structure, structure activity, toxicity mechanism, emphasising the concept of “trihedralization” and the structure-activity relationship of DDT, which is not only dependent on the specific chemical groups in it, but on the whole molecule in combination. The relationship between DDE, a metabolite of DDT in maternal serum, and preterm labour and fetal growth restriction is described.
Toxicity analysis of nanomaterials used for developing tumor targeted drugs
Authors: Zhao Yubo
Published: October 2024

People always get cancers, and those cancers distribute randomly inside human bodies. Tumor is one of the most common objects that can cause cancer, and if tumor spread very seriously, organizations inside human bodies cannot work, and even die because all nutrition is absorbed by tumor cells. The method that can therapy those cancers is using targeted drugs, but the drugs always contain the side effect and toxicity. In this scientific review, nanoparticle targeted drugs and normal targeted drugs are compared to show that nanoparticle targeted drugs can bring less toxicity to human bodies. In addition, the nanoparticle carriers are different and are divided into metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles. Metal oxide nanoparticles can bring more toxicity to human bodies than the metal. The data analysis is great evidence to show nanoparticles contain less toxicity than the normal carriers. After the comparation, nanoparticle can be better biomaterials for create drugs and also can be more ideal carrier that can be sent into human bodies.
Safety-critical nonlinear optimal predictive control with adaptive error elimination algorithm for robotic system
Authors: Wang Helin
Published: October 2024

Safety-critical control enables intelligent robots to have better secure operation and resistance to adverse environments, hence greatly enhancing their interaction and adaptability to the environment. In this paper, we propose a safety-critical control scheme for robotic systems using an adaptive error elimination algorithm and optimization-based nonlinear optimal predictive control (NOPC) framework. The novelty of the proposed work lies in that an adaptive error elimination controller is designed to deal with the problem of stabilization of walking gait, which ensures that robot joint trajectory can compensate for the limitation of the template model. In order to be independent of system parameters and disturbances, a sliding mode controller is further designed under an uncertain environment. This approach takes into account simultaneously with foot position and orientation based on NOPC optimization. It tracks the modified trajectories constrained with the centroidal momentum dynamics. Finally, simulations is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the mentioned methods. The results indicate that the tracking effect of joint trajectory is better safety-critical nonlinear optimal predictive control with adaptive error elimination algorithm.
Eine Applikation für mobile Endgeräte als Entscheidungshilfe für die
Bekämpfung und Prophylaxe der bovinen Fasciolose
Authors: Haubold Charlott-Sophie , van der Meijden Chris , Adler Friedemann , Rieger Anna , Zablotski Yury , Knubben-Schweizer Gabriela
Published: October 2024

Gegenstand und Ziel In Anlehnung an in der Humanmedizin eingesetzten
Gesundheitsapplikationen zum Selbstmanagement von chronischen Krankheiten, war
es das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung, eine mobile App in der Tiermedizin am
Beispiel einer Entscheidungshilfe für die Bekämpfung und Prophylaxe der bovinen
Fasciolose auf Milchrinderbetrieben zu evaluieren.

Material und Methode Die Studie wurde auf 37 ökologisch wirtschaftenden
Milchrinderbetrieben in Bayern durchgeführt. Die Betriebe wurden in 2 Gruppen
geteilt: Eine Gruppe erhielt als Entscheidungshilfe eine mobile App (n=17),
während die andere Gruppe eine ausgedruckte Broschüre (n=20) mit identischem
Inhalt erhielt. Zu Beginn der Studie wurden alle Teilnehmenden telefonisch u. a.
zu ihrem Betrieb befragt. Im Anschluss an die Nutzung des jeweiligen Tools
wurden die Teilnehmenden wiederum telefonisch zum verwendeten Hilfsmittel
befragt.

Ergebnisse Dem Großteil der Teilnehmenden waren zu Beginn der Untersuchung
die Möglichkeiten einer Drainage (n=28; 75,7%) und einer Auszäunung von
Feuchtstellen (n=36; 97,3%) bekannt. Ein Weiderotationssystem gaben 37,8% (n=14)
an, zu kennen. Nach der Nutzung beschrieben die meisten Teilnehmenden das
Hilfsmittel als hilfreich (94,1% App; 80% Broschüre). Viele Teilnehmende
(App-Gruppe: n=10 [58,8%], Broschüren-Gruppe: n=16 [80%]) erklärten, aufgrund
der neu gewonnenen Erkenntnisse eine Veränderung ihres Vorgehens vornehmen zu
wollen, z. B. die Einführung eines Weiderotationssystems (App-Gruppe: n=9
[52,9%], Broschüren-Gruppe: n=13 [65,0%]).

Schlussfolgerung Beide Studiengruppen arbeiteten gern mit dem von ihnen
verwendeten Hilfsmittel. Sie sahen das durch die mobile App bzw. die Broschüre
vermittelte Wissen als hilfreich und nützlich an. Die meisten Teilnehmenden
äußerten den Wunsch, diese Hilfsmittel zukünftig weiterhin im
Tiergesundheitsmanagement auf den Höfen zu verwenden.

Klinische Relevanz Der Einsatz von Hilfsmitteln wie mobile Apps kann die
tierärztliche Beratung z. B. beim Management von Parasitosen in Rinderbeständen
ergänzen.
A Retrospective Review of Revision and Re-revision Patella Osteosynthesis Performed for Failure of Fixation of Initial Comminuted Fracture Patterns: Very High Complication Rates
Authors: Hoskins Wayne , Gusho Charles , Parola Rown , DeFroda Steven , Haase Douglas
Published: October 2024

Literature on revision osteosynthesis for failed patella fracture fixation is extremely limited. This study reviews the treatment options and outcomes for revision and re-revision osteosynthesis at a Level 1 trauma center. All patella revision osteosynthesis cases between January 2021 and March 2024 were identified using Current Procedural Terminology codes at a single tertiary care academic center. Medical records, operative reports, and radiographs were reviewed to collect details regarding patient demographics, initial injury and fracture management, indications for revision surgery, revision construct, postoperative weight bearing and range-of-motion restrictions, and outcomes. The primary outcome was major failure defined as loss of fixation or further surgery for nonunion or infection. Ten patients underwent revision osteosynthesis for failed fixation. All fractures were initially comminuted fracture patterns (AO/OTA 34-C3), with nine (90%) initially treated with a 2.7-mm patella-specific variable angle locking plate (Synthes, Paoli, PA). Half (n = 5) of the patients were revised with the same patella-specific plate and half with an all suture transosseous fibertape tension band (Arthrex, Naples, FL). Additional fixation in the form of bony augmentation was performed in 20% (n = 2) of cases and soft tissue augmentation in 70% (n = 7). There was a 70% (n = 7) major failure rate, mostly due to loss of inferior pole fixation. There were four re-revision procedures performed with surgical fixation. Two of these subsequently developed infection, one united and the other had no radiographic signs of union and was lost to follow-up, but was without complication. Regardless of the chosen fixation construct, revision osteosynthesis for failed fixation of initial comminuted fracture patterns has an extremely high rate of failure. Complications increase with further revision surgery. Level of evidence: therapeutic level 3.
Persistent Levoatriocardinal Vein in Association with Complete Duplication of SVC and IVC
Authors: Sharma Arun , Subramanian Pavithra , Mallick Abhishek , Rohit Manoj Kumar , Singhal Manphool
Published: October 2024

Persistent levoatriocardinal vein (LACV) is a rare pulmonary venous anomaly characterized by persistence of embryonic pulmonary to systemic communication. It is commonly associated with obstructive lesions of the left heart, such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome and mitral atresia. Complete duplication of the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) is rare, and occurs due to aberrations in the multistep development of the cardinal venous system. Coexistence of double SVC and IVC has been reported in the literature; however, their occurrence with persistent levoatriocardinal vein is hitherto unreported. The current case describes a rare coexistence of these complex pulmonary and systemic venous anomalies: persistent levoatriocardinal vein in a child with double SVC and IVC. The embryological development and possible aberrations leading to these anomalies are also detailed.
Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes after Local Flap Coverage versus Amputation for Complex Lower Extremity Trauma
Authors: Bhagat Neel , Drake Connor , Dawson Steven , Loewenstein Scott N. , Knox Kevin R. , Adkinson Joshua M. , Hassanein Aladdin H. , Bamba Ravinder
Published: October 2024

Background There is a paucity of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) data in lower extremity salvage. Limb salvage can often be achieved with the use of local muscle flaps or fasciocutaneous flaps. The purpose of this study was to compare PROs of patients who underwent lower extremity salvage using local fasciocutaneous flaps or muscle flaps to lower extremity amputation.

Materials and Methods The outcomes of 61 patients that underwent lower extremity local flap reconstruction (n = 33) or amputation (n = 28) between 2014 and 2020 were recorded. Chart reviews were performed to collect perioperative data. Patients were contacted via telephone for participation in the survey portion of our study. PROs were recorded utilizing both the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36).

Results Surveys were completed by 61 patients (response rate 59.2%). The mean time of survey after flap reconstruction or amputation was 2.7 ± 1.4 years. Recent trauma (within 90 days) was the most common indication for local flap coverage (n = 23). LEFS score and SF-36 physical functioning scores were significantly lower in patients who underwent muscle flaps compared with fasciocutaneous flaps (p = 0.021 and p = 0.022). Muscle flap patients had similar LEFS and SF-36 scores to amputation patients, while fasciocutaneous flap patients had significantly higher LEFS (p = 0.01), SF-36 physical functioning (p = 0.031), physical role functioning (p = 0.031), and emotional role functioning (p = 0.047) scores than amputation patients.

Conclusion Patients who underwent local fasciocutaneous flaps for limb salvage reported higher PRO scores than those undergoing amputation, while patients undergoing muscle flaps reported outcomes similar to those undergoing amputation. PROs for muscle flap patients were significantly lower than those of fasciocutaneous flap patients. These data suggest that while fasciocutaneous and muscle flaps are both useful limb salvage procedures, fasciocutaneous flaps may confer advantages that result in improved patient-perceived outcomes. Further study is needed to better characterize outcomes in limb salvage.
Evaluation of Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Measles: A Retrospective Study in Istanbul
Authors: Yazı Zehra , Zehir Nahide Haykır , Akçay Merve , Yükselmiş Ufuk , Çetin Ceren , Karaaslan Ayşe , Akın Yasemin
Published: October 2024

Objective Measles, predominantly impacting the pediatric population, manifests symptoms encompassing fever, rash, rhinorrhea, cough, conjunctivitis, accompanied by infrequent yet plausible life-threatening complications.

Methods This retrospective study conducted between January 2022 and July 2023 at a 1,105-bed tertiary hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, was focused on children diagnosed with measles and aged <18 years. Cases with measles-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies or with measles virus RNA detected by polymerase chain reaction were defined as definite measles cases.

Results A total of 78 pediatric patients were diagnosed with measles, of whom 40 were evaluated as definite (51.3%) cases. Among the definite cases, 29 (72.5%) and 11 (27.5%) were girls and boys, respectively. Their median age was 78 (42–158) months. It was observed that 28 (70%) patients were unvaccinated against measles, whereas data on the vaccination status of 6 (15%) patients could not be obtained. As for the symptoms, rash was observed in all diagnosed patients (100%), fever in 37 (92.5%), cough in 27 (67.5%). In addition, pneumonia was observed in 20 patients (50%). Vitamin A was administered to 5 (12.5%) patients below 2 years old. Of the patients, 29 (72.5%) were hospitalized. Three patients required intensive care unit follow-up. No mortality was recorded. When outpatients and inpatients were compared, the incidence rate of pneumonia was statistically higher in inpatients (p = 0.013).

Conclusions Recent World Health Organization data reveal a surge in childhood measles instances, underscoring the imperative of bolstering vaccination rates to fortify societal immunity and safeguard individuals against potential complications.
Reconsidering government digital strategies within the context of digital inequalities: the case of the UK Digital Strategy
Authors: Zamani Efpraxia D. , Rousaki Anastasia
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we critically examine the 2022 UK Digital Strategy and argue that the UK government adopts with this policy document a customer-centric vision of governance, which undermines the traditional role of the government as a provider of public services with principles of justice and impartiality. This shift, exacerbated by digital poverty, appears incongruent with the social contract between citizens and the state. We employ a critical discourse analysis to identify contradictory outcomes resulting from these neoliberal policies and showcase that the UK Digital Strategy, while seemingly committed to aspects of equality and inclusivity, appear to prioritise almost entirely market rather than citizens’ interests.
Lattice-matched multiple channel AlScN/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Nguyen Thai-Son , Pieczulewski Naomi , Savant Chandrashekhar , Cooper Joshua J. P. , Casamento Joseph , Goldman Rachel S. , Muller David A. , Xing Huili G. , Jena Debdeep
Published: October 2024

AlScN is a new wide bandgap, high-k, ferroelectric material for radio frequency (RF), memory, and power applications. Successful integration of high-quality AlScN with GaN in epitaxial layer stacks depends strongly on the ability to control lattice parameters and surface or interface through growth. This study investigates the molecular beam epitaxy growth and transport properties of AlScN/GaN multilayer heterostructures. Single-layer Al1−xScxN/GaN heterostructures exhibited lattice-matched composition within x = 0.09–0.11 using substrate (thermocouple) growth temperatures between 330 and 630 °C. By targeting the lattice-matched Sc composition, pseudomorphic AlScN/GaN multilayer structures with ten and twenty periods were achieved, exhibiting excellent structural and interface properties as confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). These multilayer heterostructures exhibited substantial polarization-induced net mobile charge densities of up to 8.24 × 1014/cm2 for twenty channels. The sheet density scales with the number of AlScN/GaN periods. By identifying lattice-matched growth condition and using it to generate multiple conductive channels, this work enhances our understanding of the AlScN/GaN material platform.
Dynamic cellular responses to gravitational forces: Exploring the impact on white blood cell(s)
Authors: Murali Anirudh , Sarkar Ram Rup
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the allure of space exploration and human spaceflight has surged, yet the effects of microgravity on the human body remain a significant concern. Immune and red blood cells rely on hematic or lymphatic streams as their primary means of transportation, posing notable challenges under microgravity conditions. This study sheds light on the intricate dynamics of cell behavior when suspended in bio-fluid under varying gravitational forces. Utilizing the dissipative particle dynamics approach, blood and white blood cells were modeled, with gravity applied as an external force along the vertical axis, ranging from 0 to 2 g in parameter sweeps. The results revealed discernible alterations in the cell shape and spatial alignment in response to gravity, quantified through metrics such as elongation and deformation indices, pitch angle, and normalized center of mass. Statistical analysis using the Mann–Whitney U test underscored clear distinctions between microgravity (<1 g) and hypergravity (>1 g) samples compared to normal gravity (1 g). Furthermore, the examination of forces exerted on the solid, including drag, shear stress, and solid forces, unveiled a reduction in the magnitude as the gravitational force increased. Additional analysis through dimensionless numbers unveiled the dominance of capillary and gravitational forces, which impacted cell velocity, leading to closer proximity to the wall and heightened viscous interaction with surrounding fluid particles. These interactions prompted shape alterations and reduced white blood cell area while increasing red blood cells. This study represents an effort in comprehending the effects of gravity on blood cells, offering insights into the intricate interplay between cellular dynamics and gravitational forces.
Spin valve as THz emitter providing amplitude modulation
Authors: Buryakov A. M. , Mishina E. D. , Lebedeva E. D. , Avdeev P. Yu. , Tiercelin N. , Ovcharenko S. V. , Gorbatova A. V. , Klimov A. A. , Sigov A. S. , Preobrazhensky V. L.
Published: October 2024

We present a novel spin-valve THz emitter composed of FeCo/TbCo2/FeCo tri-layers separated by a copper spacer, designed to provide amplitude modulation of THz radiation. The distinct coercivities of the magnetic layers enable magnetic field control of the THz emission, with the final amplitude formed by the interference of THz waves from the individual tri-layers. Experimental studies using time-domain spectroscopy reveal that the spin-valve structure, optimized for in-plane magnetic anisotropy, effectively modulates the THz signal and maintains constant polarization. Although the current optical-to-THz conversion efficiency is insufficient for commercial use, the findings offer crucial insights for enhancing efficiency through structural optimization, highlighting the potential for advanced THz emitters and modulators.
Digging for answers: defining the external architecture of the southern hairy-nosed wombats’ (Lasiorhinus latifrons) subterranean excavations
Authors: Norris R. , Koertner G. , Meek P. , Cairns S. C.
Published: October 2024

The southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) is a large, nocturnal, herbivorous, burrowing marsupial, endemic to the semi-arid and arid regions of southern Australia. The active burrow of L. latifrons is used as the primary feature in population estimations. Therefore, accurate identification of an active burrow is vital, especially when other burrow-like structures exist. Entrance attributes such as width, height, the length and angle of the path leading to the entrance, and signs of wombat activity are indistinguishable between the different structures, making differentiation between them impossible without inspecting the structure beyond the entrance. Structures leading from entrances were identified in the field as possible burrows, blinds, and go-throughs. An unmanned aerial vehicle provided accurate images from immediately above 12 active wombat warren systems in the mid-north of South Australia, to support ground-truthing for mapping and verification of these structures. Active possible burrows (APB) were found to occur in proportionally lower numbers than the active non-burrow structures (ANBS) of blinds and go-throughs, varying in proportion from as high as 1:2 to as low as 1:11 (APB:ANBS). Defining an active burrow and other tunnels leading from an entrance increases accuracy in burrow identification used in population estimations, while recognising the existence of additional architectural features is vital to understanding the functional potential of L. latifrons as an ecosystem engineer.