bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental health in the island nations of the Western Pacific: a rapid review of the literature
Authors: Hunter Ernest , Thusanth Sneha , McCalman Janya , Gopalkrishnan Narayan
Published: December 2015

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to identify mental-health-relevant literature accessible to policy makers and healthcare workers in the island nations of the Western Pacific.

Methods:

Material collated to support the inaugural Leadership in Mental Health: Island Nations course held in Cairns in May 2015 was used as the basis of a “rapid review”.

Results:

The rapid review considered 303 documents identified by a search carried out using James Cook University’s OneSearch, Google Scholar, and the authors’ knowledge. Search terms included mental health and the like, and terms with Pacific and current Pacific island country names. Findings were classified by region/country, year of release/publication, mental health issue addressed, peer-reviewed or grey literature, and type of study. Almost half of the findings had been released in the previous five years. However, only 36% were peer-reviewed publications and only 3.6% of the findings were intervention studies.

Conclusions:

There is limited easily accessible documentation to confidently direct practice or policies regarding which strategies are likely to be effective in responding to the high rates of mental ill-health experienced in the Pacific island nations, or to plan for increases as a consequence of rapid social and demographic changes that are transforming Pacific island societies.
Thyroid function testing in an inpatient mental health unit
Authors: Garnier Kelly-Anne , Ismail Khairul A , Moylan Steven , Harvey Richard
Published: December 2015

Objective:

Thyroid function tests are a common screening investigation for patients admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit.

Method:

This study aimed to retrospectively assess the clinical utility of routine thyroid function testing performed on newly admitted psychiatric patients over a 4-year period in Victoria, Australia via chart review of all abnormal results identified.

Results:

Our retrospective audit revealed only two cases where identification of thyroid dysfunction informed patient management. In each case, the patient had a known history of thyroid disease. In this audit period, 893 patients required screening to yield one clinically relevant abnormal result, costing AU$24,975.57.

Conclusion:

Such low clinical utility does not support routine admission thyroid function tests for psychiatric inpatients. We conclude that thyroid function tests should only be performed where the history and clinical signs suggest a likely contribution of thyroid dysfunction to the psychiatric presentation.
Concept Mapping
Authors: Wilson Jessie , Mandich Angie , Magalhães Lilian
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this theoretical article is to explore the use of concept mapping as a qualitative research method that is represented as a form of multimodal communication. This framework strives to move mapping beyond quantitative analysis by inserting art and humanness into the process. This proposed framework provides a means to highlight the ways in which people learn, understand, and interpret the world around them. Three categories for understanding have been identified by the authors to help individuals create, interpret, and understand qualitative concept maps. These categories include the following: Voice: Tri-directional Voice and Mutual Absorption; Detail in the Parts & Recognition of the Whole: Uniqueness, Aesthetic Distance and Emplacement; and Sensory Experience: Intellectual + Emotional Investment and Humanness. Each of these categories is interconnected, and informs each other in a dialectical way, therefore creating a piece of visual data with which the participant, researcher and audience can interact.
Health Conditions Prior to Imprisonment and the Impact of Prison on Health
Authors: Alves Joana , Maia Ângela , Teixeira Filipa
Published: December 2015

Detained women have certain health conditions prior to incarceration and these conditions can improve, worsen, or remain the same in prison, depending on the prisoner’s background, the characteristics of the prison, and the arrest experience. This study investigated the health of detained women and the influence of incarceration from their perspective. Three focus groups were conducted among 15 inmates, and data were analyzed according to thematic analysis procedures. Detainer’s health backgrounds varied with regard to their level of health concerns, contact with health services, and health behaviors. A positive influence of incarceration was described by patients with chronic illness, patients with drug addiction, and victims of interpersonal violence. Among women with mental illnesses or those without previous health problems, reports do not reveal benefits of imprisonment for mental health. These data emphasize the importance of specialized health care and the need to invest in mental health care in corrective institutions.
Accuracy and Timeliness in Large-Scale Data-Entry Subsystems
Authors: Obermayer Richard W.
Published: December 2015

Errors generated at the input to automated information systems threaten the utility of the outputs produced by such systems—i.e., the classic GIGO (Garbage In—Garbage Out) problem. Large amounts of effort and attendant costs are involved in dealing with these errors once they are in the system; however, more attention should be given to a coordinated solution of the problem at the source—the data entry point. A large-scale data-entry subsystem model is presented, together with statistics on error and timeliness. The concept of a Source Data Entry Module (SDEM) is presented along with considerations of design criteria and a design approach. An example is given, paralleling a testbed for which data collection is planned. It is suggested that a generalized SDEM design may be achieveable, providing a basis for the solution of a wide range of automated information system data entry problems.
Contrast Enhancement Using Local Area Brightness and Gain Control
Authors: Scanlan Lawrence A. , Hershberger Michael L. , Herman Jane A.
Published: December 2015

Because of the limited dynamic range of most display devices, potentially available sensor information may not be optimally displayed for use by an operator. Generally, some portions of a scene will be dark while others will be very bright, and it is often difficult to obtain an acceptable value of video gain. A gain setting which provides good contrast in the darker portions of the image results in saturation of the display and a loss of detail in the light portions of the scene. Local Area Brightness and Gain Control (LABGC) is an image processing algorithm designed to increase contrast in local areas of the display without causing saturation in other areas, thereby providing greater displayed detail. It is a contrast enhancement technique that automatically adjusts display brightness and gain in an effort to retain the maximum sensor video dynamic range while operating within the constraints of a limited dynamic range display device.
Development of Automated Performance Measures for Introductory Air Combat Maneuvers
Authors: Carter Vernon E.
Published: December 2015

An exploratory study was conducted to develop automated performance measurement (APM) techniques for introductory air combat maneuvers. The method and results of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) The study used Northrop's LAS/WAVS air combat simulator, mechanized to simulate the F4J. (2) Seven F4J student pilots and six F4J instructor pilots each flew 16 barrel roll attacks against an autopilot-controlled bogey, for a total of 208 simulator runs. (3) A total of 552 objective performance measures and an average of 35 subjective performance measures were obtained on each run. (4) Using the simulator's replay capability, 64 of the original 208 runs were evaluated independently by three different instructors to obtain estimates of inter-observer reliability. Sixteen of these 64 runs were evaluated a second time by these same three instructors to obtain estimates of intra-observer reliability. (5) A master APM measures tape was constructed, which contains all of the subjective and objective measures obtained for each run in a format that permits statistical analyses to be conveniently performed on any desired subset of subjects, evaluators, or performance variables. (6) Several different univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed on selected subsets of the data, using the BMDP programs developed by UCLA. The objectives of this task were: a) to identify a preliminary set of automated measures which could be used to augment instructor evaluation of performance in introductory air-to-air tactics; and b) to assess the relative effectiveness of alternative statistical techniques for the measure identification process.
The Effect of Environmental Stresses on Human Fatigue
Authors: Romansky Michael L. , Plummer Ralph W. , Neumann Edward S.
Published: December 2015

This Investigation evaluated the relative effects of a moderate or suboptimal level of environmental heat and noise stress on human stress and fatigue by utilizing performance and nonperformance parameters.

Twenty-five male undergraduate and graduate students served as subjects for this investigation. Each subject was isolated in a specially constructed environmental chamber located in a laboratory. Heat and noise were designated as the two independent variables used in the study. The effects of both variables on three dependent measures were evaluated during a nonstress condition and a stress condition. Two physiological variables, heart rate and heart rate variability, were used to assess arousal effects of heat and noise stress. In addition, performance data was collected in the form of reaction time to a visual display.

Analyses of physiological and performance data revealed the influential effects of the two environmental conditions tested. Heart rate and heart rate variability responses were found to be significantly higher in the moderate stress condition than in the nonstress condition. Furthermore, a statistically significant deterioration in performance was observed in the reaction time task. An increase in reaction time occurred when subjects were exposed to the moderate stress condition.
Developing an Early Reading Intervention Aligned With the Down Syndrome Behavioral Phenotype
Authors: Lemons Christopher J. , King Seth A. , Davidson Kimberly A. , Puranik Cynthia S. , Al Otaiba Stephanie , Fulmer Deborah , Mrachko Alicia A. , Partanen Jane , Fidler Deborah J.
Published: December 2015

The aim of this project was to develop an early reading intervention for children with Down syndrome based on the related behavioral phenotype. The intervention targeted learning of letter–sound correspondences, reading of decodable and high frequency words, and phonological awareness. We evaluated the feasibility and potential efficacy of the intervention with seven children between the ages of 6 and 8 years who participated in a series of multiple-probe across lessons single-case design studies. Results indicate a functional relation between the intervention and mastery of taught content for three students. Two students demonstrated positive although inconsistent response; two students demonstrated limited learning. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Fatigue characterization of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) foam core sandwich composite using the G-control method
Authors: Manca Marcello , Berggreen Christian , Carlsson Leif A , Bortolotti Pietro
Published: December 2015

This paper presents experimental results from cyclic crack propagation tests performed on sandwich specimens with glass/epoxy face sheets and Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) foam cores using the G-controlled cyclic energy release rate (ΔG) test procedure. The face material was tested in tension, compression and shear to determine in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and shear modulus. These properties were then used in an analytical model of the mixed-mode bending sandwich specimen to calculate compliance and energy release rate. Finite element analysis was used to determine the mode-mixity of the crack loading. Experimental crack growth cyclic tests were carried out on pre-cracked mixed-mode bending sandwich specimens with H45, H100 and H160 PVC foam cores under two mode-mixities (mode I and mode II dominant). Post-mortem analysis was performed on tested specimens, highlighting the influence of mode mixity and foam density on the crack path. Crack propagation diagrams showing da/dN versus ΔG curves were obtained to establish the Paris-Erdogan relation for each material combination tested at the two mode-mixities. Results showed constant crack growth rates for all the materials tested and revealed the influence on mode-mixity on crack propagation speed and foam density (higher foam density, slower crack propagation).
Effects of lubricant viscoelasticity on film thickness in elastohydrodynamic line contacts during start-up
Authors: Usov Pavel Pavlovich
Published: December 2015

By means of numerical simulation the elastohydrodynamic lubricating film formation during start-up of motion of a line contact from rest is studied. The transition from solid contact to lubricated contact is of importance in investigating the start-up process and its effects on bearing performance. The numerical results of Holmes et al. (2002) and others, concerning point contact and Newtonian lubricant, are not in good agreement with the known experimental data. The numerical film thickness is significantly smaller than the experimental values and the experimental velocity at which lubricant travels through the conjunction does not equal the entrainment velocity of numerical results. In the current paper, a lubricant with viscoelastic properties is considered. The Maxwell model of a lubricant at pure rolling of elastic cylinders is used. Also, as well as in work of Usov (2008) the model assumes the division of the whole area of contact into three zones: the dry contact of surfaces, the transient zone and the zone in which the surfaces are separated by a liquid lubricant layer. The rigid body model is assumed for the lubricant in the transient zone. The effects of viscoelasticity and size of transient zone on film thickness and the velocity at which the lubricant moves through the contact are studied. It is shown that viscoelasticity raises film thickness in a start of the motion and lowers the velocity at which the lubricant moves through the contact. This velocity is lower than the entrainment velocity in the first half of the contact, as in the experimental results with point contact. In the second half of the contact, this velocity may be lower or higher than the entrainment velocity depending on the size of the transient zone. The film thickness may increase considerably at the start of motion when the size of the transient zone increases.
Documentary Horror: The Transmodal Power of Indexical Violence
Authors: Middleton Jason
Published: December 2015

This article reevaluates critical distinctions between so-called ‘art-horror’ and ‘natural’ or real-world horror to challenge larger modal distinctions between fiction and documentary film and their ostensibly divergent spectatorial practices. It focuses on images of animal slaughter, which traverse boundaries between fiction and documentary, art-horror and natural horror. The indexical force of animal slaughter may displace or undo the metaphorical in fictional horror film, producing a spectatorial wavering between the registers of the figurative and the literal. Shaun Monson’s documentary film Earthlings (2005) demands of viewers a mode of spectatorial discipline derived from the horror film experience. Earthlings and its viewer reaction videos reinvent the collective performance of terror among theatrical horror film audiences for a documentary context and for online media platforms like YouTube. Earthlings functions as a form of spreadable media in which viewers’ horrified reactions are harnessed in the production of knowledge and political commitment.
Horror and Exploitation on VHS: The History of Home Video Comes to Yale
Authors: Pratt Aaron T
Published: December 2015

This article announces a new collection of horror and exploitation movies on VHS at Yale University. A brief discussion of Breeders, a movie that Wizard Video released in 1986, demonstrates the type of research the collection is designed to support. Information on the collection’s scope and significance follows, indicating that the holdings also include a number of periodicals, which range from fan publications to industry magazines.
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Assessment in Rat Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lu Yangjia , Ren Jie , Cui Shaoyang , Chen Junqi , Huang Yong , Tang Chunzhi , Shan Baoci , Nie Bingbing , Xinsheng Lai
Published: December 2015

Objective:

This study was designed to detect the brain glucose metabolism in rat models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by the application of 18F-2-fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) and to provide new insights for the early detection of AD.

Methods:

Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Fifteen sham-operated rats were used as a control group. The remaining rats as a premodel group were intracerebroventricularly injected with ibotenic acid and were intraperitoneally injected with d-galactose, of which 15 rats were included as the experimental group. The above-mentioned 2 groups were assigned to Y-maze test and underwent 18F-FDG-PET scanning. Positron emission tomography images were processed with SPM 2.0.

Results:

The learning and memory skills were weakened in AD rats. Besides, the glucose metabolic activity of AD rats decreased in hippolampus, hypothalamus, insular cortex, piriform cortex, striatum, cingulate gyrus, stria terminalis, and parietal lobe and increased in olfactory bulb, cerebellum, midbrain, pontine, and retrosplenial cortex compared with the control group. Dorsal thalamus had shown both enhanced and reduced glucose metabolic activity.

Conclusion:

Our data indicate that the changed glucose metabolism in cerebral regions in 18F-FDG-PET imaging could be an important predictor for early AD.
A Review of the Promotion of Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth
Authors: Stodden Dave , Sacko Ryan , Nesbitt Danielle
Published: December 2015

The relationship between physical fitness and health in adults is well established, yet until recently, empirical support for the impact of physical fitness levels on health markers in children has not been thoroughly documented. The aim of this review was to provide a summary of current literature that has examined the linkage between measures of health-related physical fitness (ie, cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal fitness, flexibility, and body composition) and health markers in youth. Specifically, this review focused on the findings from the recent 2012 Institutes of Medicine report on Fitness Measures in Youth as well as other subsequent review articles related to the topic. In addition, recommendations for health-related fitness assessments in youth populations are presented.
Stimulation of incretin secreting cells
Authors: Pais Ramona , Gribble Fiona M. , Reimann Frank
Published: December 2015

The incretin hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are secreted from enteroendocrine cells in the gut and regulate physiological and homeostatic functions related to glucose control, metabolism and food intake. This review provides a systematic summary of the molecular mechanisms underlying secretion from incretin cells, and an understanding of how they sense and interact with lumen and vascular factors and the enteric nervous system through transporters and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) present on their surface to ultimately culminate in hormone release. Some of the molecules described below such as sodium coupled glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 119 and GPR40 are targets of novel therapeutics designed to enhance endogenous gut hormone release. Synthetic ligands at these receptors aimed at treating obesity and type 2 diabetes are currently under investigation.
Democratic Processes in the Context of Separatism and Political Divergence: An Analysis of 2014 Assembly Elections in Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Chowdhary Rekha
Published: December 2015

The 2014 assembly elections in conflict-ridden Jammu and Kashmir state was in news not only for the massive participation of people but also for the unprecedented performance of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and its subsequent sharing of power with ideologically opposite People’s Democratic Party (PDP). This election forms a very important moment in the politics of the state which can help us comprehend the intricacies of internal politics of the state in the twofold context of separatism on the one hand, and regional political divergence on the other. This article seeks to focus on the changing nature of party politics in the last one-and-a-half decades and understand its implications in both the contexts. After analyzing the background context, especially separatism in the last two-and-a-half decades and regionalism within the state, the article goes on to analyze the outcome of the result and debate the concerns and challenges thrown up by the realignment of the political forces.
Book Review: Sandy Gordon, India’s Rise as an Asian Power: Nation, Neighborhood, and Region
Authors: Raghavan Srinath
Published: December 2015

Sandy Gordon, India’s Rise as an Asian Power: Nation, Neighborhood, and Region. New Delhi: Foundation Books/Cambridge University Press. 2015. 296 pages. ₹650.
Auditory Model-Based Sound Direction Estimation With Bilateral Cochlear Implants
Authors: Kelvasa Daryl , Dietz Mathias
Published: December 2015

Users of bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) show above-chance performance in localizing the source of a sound in the azimuthal (horizontal) plane; although localization errors are far worse than for normal-hearing listeners, they are considerably better than for CI listeners with only one implant. In most previous studies, subjects had access to interaural level differences and to interaural time differences conveyed in the temporal envelope. Here, we present a binaural model that predicts the azimuthal direction of sound arrival from a two-channel input signal as it is received at the left and right CI processor. The model includes a replication of a clinical speech-coding strategy, a model of the electrode-nerve interface and binaural brainstem neurons, and three different prediction stages that are trained to map the neural response rate to an azimuthal angle. The model is trained and tested with various noise and speech stimuli created by means of virtual acoustics. Localization error patterns of the model match experimental data and are explicable largely in terms of the nonmonotonic relationship between interaural level difference and azimuthal angle.
Comparison of Interaural Electrode Pairing Methods for Bilateral Cochlear Implants
Authors: Hu Hongmei , Dietz Mathias
Published: December 2015

In patients with bilateral cochlear implants (CIs), pairing matched interaural electrodes and stimulating them with the same frequency band is expected to facilitate binaural functions such as binaural fusion, localization, and spatial release from masking. Because clinical procedures typically do not include patient-specific interaural electrode pairing, it remains the case that each electrode is allocated to a generic frequency range, based simply on the electrode number. Two psychoacoustic techniques for determining interaurally paired electrodes have been demonstrated in several studies: interaural pitch comparison and interaural time difference (ITD) sensitivity. However, these two methods are rarely, if ever, compared directly. A third, more objective method is to assess the amplitude of the binaural interaction component (BIC) derived from electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses for different electrode pairings; a method has been demonstrated to be a potential candidate for bilateral CI users. Here, we tested all three measures in the same eight CI users. We found good correspondence between the electrode pair producing the largest BIC and the electrode pair producing the maximum ITD sensitivity. The correspondence between the pairs producing the largest BIC and the pitch-matched electrode pairs was considerably weaker, supporting the previously proposed hypothesis that whilst place pitch might adapt over time to accommodate mismatched inputs, sensitivity to ITDs does not adapt to the same degree.
Targeting acute myeloid leukemia with a small molecule inhibitor of the Myb/p300 interaction
Authors: Uttarkar Sagar , Dassé Emilie , Coulibaly Anna , Steinmann Simone , Jakobs Anke , Schomburg Caroline , Trentmann Amke , Jose Joachim , Schlenke Peter , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Schmidt Thomas J. , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Frampton Jon , Klempnauer Karl-Heinz
Published: December 2015

Key Points

Inhibition of Myb activity by a small molecule blocks proliferation of AML cells and prolongs survival of mice in an in vivo AML model.
Staging a Dictatorship: The Theatrical Poetics and Politics of Marie Chauvet's Colère
Authors: Bonner Christopher T.
Published: December 2015

This essay interrogates the relationship between politics and literary genre in Marie Vieux Chauvet's Colère, the under-studied second movement of her trilogy Amour, colère, folie (1968). Specifically, it seeks to demonstrate that Chauvet's formation in theater is central to her politics and poetics. In Colère, Chauvet writes the Haitian public sphere's disarticulation under Duvalierism as a roman-théâtre, a hybrid genre embedding dramatic conventions into the novel form. This formal innovation gives Chauvet's writing a unique critical purchase, allowing the author to reenact the lifeworld of the Haitian subject of state terror as an ongoing spectacle before a malevolent spectator.
Guineafowl with a twist: asymmetric limb control in steady bipedal locomotion
Authors: Kambic Robert E. , Roberts Thomas J. , Gatesy Stephen M.
Published: December 2015

In avian bipeds performing steady locomotion, right and left limbs are typically assumed to act out of phase, but with little kinematic disparity. However, outwardly appearing steadiness may harbor previously unrecognized asymmetries. Here, we present marker-based XROMM data showing that guineafowl on a treadmill routinely yaw away from their direction of travel using asymmetrical limb kinematics. Variation is most strongly reflected at the hip joints, where patterns of femoral long-axis rotation closely correlate to degree of yaw divergence. As yaw deviations increase, hip long-axis rotation angles undergo larger excursions and shift from biphasic to monophasic patterns. At large yaw angles, the alternately striding limbs exhibit synchronous external and internal femoral rotations of substantial magnitude. Hip coordination patterns resembling those used during sidestep maneuvers allow birds to asymmetrically modulate their mediolateral limb trajectories and thereby advance using a range of body orientations.
Paradoxical anaerobism in desert pupfish
Authors: Heuton Matt , Ayala Luis , Burg Chris , Dayton Kyle , McKenna Ken , Morante Aldo , Puentedura Georgina , Urbina Natasha , Hillyard Stanley , Steinberg Spencer , van Breukelen Frank
Published: December 2015

In order to estimate metabolic demands of desert pupfish for conservation purposes, we measured oxygen consumption in fish acclimated to the ecologically relevant temperatures of 28 or 33°C. For these experiments, we used fish derived from a refuge population of Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis). Measurement of routine oxygen consumption (V̇O2,routine) revealed some 33°C-acclimated fish (10% of 295 assayed fish) periodically exhibited periods of no measurable oxygen consumption despite available ambient oxygen tensions that were above the critical PO2. We call this phenomenon paradoxical anaerobism. The longest observed continuous bout with no oxygen consumption was 149 min, although typical bouts were much shorter. Fish maintained normal posture and ventilation rate (>230 ventilations per minute) during paradoxical anaerobism. Fish rarely demonstrated a compensatory increase in oxygen use following a period of paradoxical anaerobism. In contrast, only one out of 262 sampled fish acclimated at 28°C spontaneously demonstrated paradoxical anaerobism. Muscle lactate concentration was not elevated during periods of paradoxical anaerobism. However, the amount of ethanol released by the 33°C-acclimated fish was 7.3 times greater than that released by the 28°C acclimation group, suggesting ethanol may be used as an alternative end product of anaerobic metabolism. Exposure to exogenous ethanol, in concentrations as low as 0.1%, produced periods of paradoxical anaerobism even in 28°C-acclimated fish.
Structural Design of Coordination Polymers Based on Manganese and Chromium Ions Bridged by Oxalate Ligands
Authors: Yoshitake Masashi , Kubo Kazuya , Endo Toru , Noro Shin-ichiro , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Nakamura Takayoshi
Published: December 2015

Coordination polymers based on oxalate-bridged {[MnIICrIII(oxalate)3]−}∞ complexes of (DAT-2H2+)(DCH[18]crown-6)2[MnII(CH3OH)CrIII(oxalate)3]−2(CH3OH)3 and (DABCO-H+)2(DABCO-2H2+)[MnII(CH3OH)(Cl−)CrIII(oxalate)3]2−2(CH3OH), where DAT, DABCO, and DCH[18]crown-6 denote 2,5-diaminotoluene, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and cis-syn-cis-dicyclohexano[18]crown-6, respectively, were synthesized. The crystal structure of the former complex was composed of [MnII(Λ)(CH3OH)CrIII(Λ)(oxalate)3]− units, whereas that of the latter crystal was composed of [MnII(Λ)(CH3OH)(Cl−)CrIII(Δ)(oxalate)3]2− units. The large flexible supramolecular cation in the former provided the two-dimensional structure of [MnII(Λ)(CH3OH)CrIII(Λ)(oxalate)3]−, although the two-dimensional honeycomb structure of the {[MnII(Δ)CrIII(Λ)(oxalate)3]−}∞ and {[MnII(Λ)CrIII(Δ)(oxalate)3]−}∞ networks are often observed for the oxalate complexes. The round-shaped DABCO molecule in the latter induced a one-dimensional chain structure of [MnII(Λ)(CH3OH)CrIII(Δ)(oxalate)3]−. The former crystal showed a magnetic field dependence of magnetization typical for a spin-canting system.
Dictionaries and Methods of Using Dictionaries at the Russian Language Lessons in a Primary School
Authors: Гуркова  , Gurkova Irina
Published: December 2015

The paper provides evidence, that it is necessary to use different types of dictionaries, such as spelling dictionaries, pronouncing dictionaries

and defining dictionaries, when teaching the Russian language to the primary school children. Specific features of each type of dictionaries

are described. Further, the main methodical approaches to using dictionaries are outlined. Also provided are various kinds of assignments and

exercises, which take into consideration age and psychological peculiarities of primary school children. The author places special emphasis on

the role of pronouncing and defining dictionaries.
Assessing the O2 budget under sea ice: An experimental and modelling approach
Authors: Moreau S. , Kaartokallio H. , Vancoppenolle M. , Zhou J. , Kotovitch M. , Dieckmann G. S. , Thomas D.N. , Tison J.-L. , Delille B.
Published: December 2015

The objective of this study was to assess the O2 budget in the water under sea ice combining observations and modelling. Modelling was used to discriminate between physical processes, gas-specific transport (i.e., ice-atmosphere gas fluxes and gas bubble buoyancy) and bacterial respiration (BR) and to constrain bacterial growth efficiency (BGE). A module describing the changes of the under-ice water properties, due to brine rejection and temperature-dependent BR, was implemented in the one-dimensional halo-thermodynamic sea ice model LIM1D. Our results show that BR was the dominant biogeochemical driver of O2 concentration in the water under ice (in a system without primary producers), followed by gas specific transport. The model suggests that the actual contribution of BR and gas specific transport to the change in seawater O2 concentration was 37% during ice growth and 48% during melt. BGE in the water under sea ice, as retrieved from the simulated O2 budget, was found to be between 0.4 and 0.5, which is in line with published BGE values for cold marine waters. Given the importance of BR to seawater O2 in the present study, it can be assumed that bacteria contribute substantially to organic matter consumption and gas fluxes in ice-covered polar oceans. In addition, we propose a parameterization of polar marine bacterial respiration, based on the strong temperature dependence of bacterial respiration and the high growth efficiency observed here, for further biogeochemical ocean modelling applications, such as regional or large-scale Earth System models.
Pluriactivity, the Dutch disease and sustainable agriculture in Algeria
Authors: Bouchakour Radhia , Bedrani Slimane
Published: December 2015

Agriculture and rurality have come under severe pressure in the last few decades. The loss of agricultural land and, hence, farming, through urban expansion has been pervasive. As a consequence, farmers tend to engage in pluriactivity to supplement their low farm income. This study explores the pervasiveness and underlying motivation behind pluriactivity by Algerian farmers. Algeria is a particularly interesting case where agriculture has been hit by severe and unique challenges. In particular, Algerian farmers spent more than a decade under the threat of terrorism, followed by a decade and a half of Dutch disease effects. The analysis of a survey data shows that pluriactivity has offered the Algerian farmer the required adaptation capability to survive these two challenges which, ultimately, would sustain agriculture in Algeria.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE COOPERAÇÃO PARA A COMPETITIVIDADE NO SETOR TÊXTIL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Caldeira Adilson , Durão Diego Henrique Vieira , Pizzol Fernanda Rossi , Pizzol Henrique Rossi Rossi , Brasil Davi Wiesel
Published: December 2015

O cenário competitivo determinado pelo avanço da globalização desafia as empresas a buscar opções estratégicas de inserção no mercado internacional, não somente para atuação em diferentes países como também para a competitividade local. Como esse desafio é comum a diferentes agentes de um mesmo setor de atividade, a adoção de estratégias de cooperação entre fornecedores, compradores e até mesmo concorrentes pode ser um caminho para o fortalecimento competitivo de todos. Com o propósito de conhecer possíveis contribuições que a cooperação proporciona à competitividade das empresas do setor têxtil na internacionalização de negócios, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, envolvendo entrevistas com profissionais que atuam em diferentes segmentos da cadeia produtiva têxtil e análise de documentos e publicações que refletem dados conjunturais. Os dados revelam que a internacionalização ocorre predominantemente via inserção comercial e, em menor escala, por inserção produtiva. Também se evidencia que estratégias cooperativas podem contribuir à internacionalização de empresas do setor face ao potencial de redução de custos, evolução tecnológica e otimização de processos. Apesar do reconhecimento desse potencial em um cenário de competição internacional, contudo, essa cooperação tem se revelado menor do que poderia ser, principalmente devido à resistência a compartilhar informações com concorrentes.
Wolaita Memories of Gärmame Nəway Governorship (1958–1959): Radical Reforms and Political Consciousness
Authors: Guidi Pierre
Published: December 2015

Wolaita is a peripheral region in southwestern Ethiopia that came under Ethiopian state control in 1894. The central government implemented a policy of violent political control, harsh economic extraction, and cultural marginalization over the vanquished population. During a very short stay as governor between 1958 and 1959, Gärmame Nəway—the famous leader of the attempted coup d'état against Haylä Səllase in 1960—implemented a set of legal, social, and educational reforms very popular among the Wolaita: elections of village representatives and judges, distribution of land to poor peasants, and hundreds of literacy centers up to the most remote areas. Accused of agitating the public, he was transferred by the emperor. His work was dismantled after his departure, but this experience remained in the collective memory. Today, some 50 years later, Gärmame Nəway is highly regarded by Wolaita farmers and intellectuals. Using a story fashioned as a folktale reported today in Wolaita where Gärmame Nəway set up a stratagem to uncover the wrongdoings of local chiefs and judges, this article aims to investigate Wolaita memory of his governorship. To what extent has this experience echoed with the social and political consciousness of the dominated Wolaita? What meaning do they give to it related to their own history and identity? How did it contribute to influence later political struggles?
Are “Griefs of More Value than Triumphs”? Power Relations, Nation-Building, and the Different Histories of Women's Wartime Contributions in Postwar South Sudan
Authors: Pinaud Clémence
Published: December 2015

In this article, the author examines the roles of women during the second civil war of South Sudan (1983–2005) and how their contribution to the liberation struggle led by the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) is advertised by the new state in the postwar era. Pinaud analyzes the reasons behind the promotion of the women's battalion's history in the postwar era by the state, in contrast with its disregard for camp followers. Highlighting the different categories and socioethnic origins of female actors in the war, she subscribes to the idea developed by other authors that advertised myths and official state history are the products of an ideological selection operated by the group dominating the state. This article illustrates how, by silencing the history of the camp followers (particularly in the Equatorian region), the state effectively censors the wartime experiences of an entire segment of the population. The state fails to engage a negotiation of beliefs, which is formative of a collective memory that shapes a group's sense of shared experience and identity. The article thus brings new material to reflect on the social and political dynamics behind the formation of state history, collective memory and nationhood in South Sudan, a relatively new stream of research.
“Operation Sunshine”: The Rhetoric of a Cold War Technological Spectacle
Authors: Griffin Charles J. G.
Published: December 2015

This essay examines the role of the USS Nautilus (SSN 571), the world's first atomic powered submarine, as an agency for advancing the Cold War objectives of the Eisenhower White House in the aftermath of the Soviet Union's successful launches of Sputniks 1 and 2 and the early failures of the U.S. Vanguard program in late 1957 and early 1958. Specifically, it examines the campaign to exploit Nautilus for domestic propaganda purposes, which culminated in “Operation Sunshine,” the first submerged transit from the Pacific to the Atlantic oceans via the North Pole. The essay argues that architects of the technological spectacle faced the necessity of reconciling the material and symbolic aspects of the mission, and identifies three areas where this may have been necessary. In addition to illuminating the role of the Eisenhower White House in a significant, but largely forgotten episode in the Cold War, the essay illustrates the interplay of material and symbolic elements in Operation Sunshine and identifies some constraints that may be inherent in such technological spectacles.
East-West Asymmetry in Coastal Temperatures of Hudson Bay as a Proxy for Sea Ice
Authors: McGovern Peter G. , Gough William A.
Published: December 2015

Hudson Bay experiences a complete cryogenic cycle, which has been well documented since 1971. We developed a temperature proxy method to extend the sea ice record back to 1944, using mean temperatures for Churchill and Inukjuak and the difference between these means at two different seasonal periods. This method proved to reproduce the 1971 to 2011 ice-free season length record with an error just over eight days (6%). This relationship was used to hindcast ice-free season length to 1944. This hindcast was subsequently appended to the existing 1971–2011 record to form a 68-year sea ice record. This extended record shows that the recent statistically significant increase in length of the ice-free season was not the result of a natural oscillation of less than 68 years and is consistent with a net warming due to increasing greenhouse gases.
Causes and Consequences of Broad-Scale Changes in the Distribution of Migratory Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of Southern Hudson Bay
Authors: Newton Erica J. , Abraham Kenneth F. , Schaefer James A. , Pond Bruce A. , Brown Glen S. , Thompson John E.
Published: December 2015

Understanding the factors driving changes in species distributions is fundamental to conservation, but for wide-ranging species this is often complicated by the need for broad-scale observations across space and time. In the last three decades, the location of summer concentrations of migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in southern Hudson Bay (SHB), Canada, has shifted south and east as much as 500 km. We used long-term data (1987 – 2011) to test two hypotheses that could explain the distribution shift: forage depletion and anthropogenic disturbance. Over time and space, we compared the body size of live-captured adult female caribou, dietary quality from fecal nitrogen in July, the location of VHF- and GPS-collared female caribou in July, distribution of all-terrain vehicle (ATV) tracks and caribou tracks in August, and the proximity of collared caribou to sections of the coast with higher ATV activity in spring and summer. The forage depletion hypothesis was supported by greater body size and dietary quality in caribou of the eastern portion of SHB than in western SHB animals in 2009 – 11. The anthropogenic disturbance hypothesis was supported by the negative correlation of the distributions of ATV tracks and caribou tracks on the coast in 2010 and the fact that caribou avoided areas with ATV activity by 10 – 14 km. In 1987, collared caribou were observed largely along the coast in western SHB in mid-July, while in 2009 – 11, they were inland in western SHB and along the coast in eastern SHB. While these locations demonstrate a substantial change in summer distri­bution over three decades, we were unable to differentiate between forage depletion and anthropogenic disturbance as a single causal factor of the distribution shift.
Youth-Led Participatory Video as a Strategy to Enhance Inuit Youth Adaptive Capacities for Dealing with Climate Change
Authors: MacDonald Joanna Petrasek , Ford James , Willox Ashlee Cunsolo , Mitchell Claudia , Productions Konek , Media Lab My Word Storytelling and Digital , Community Government Rigolet Inuit
Published: December 2015

Rapid climatic and environmental changes experienced throughout the Canadian North are having significant impacts on the lives of Inuit, with implications for the future of the large Inuit youth population. Within the adaptation research and practitioner community, youth voices, perspectives, and involvement are essential in ensuring representative and sustainable adaptation strategies. This paper examines the potential of youth-led participatory video (PV) as a strategy to foster known protective factors that underpin the resilience of youth and their capacity to adapt to various stresses, including impacts of climate change. The work draws on a case study from the Inuit community of Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada, where a two-week PV workshop was conducted with seven youth and followed by in-depth interviews with participants and community members. The findings show that PV may be a pathway to greater adaptive capacities because the process connects to known protective factors that enhance resilience of circumpolar indigenous youth. PV also shows promise as a strategy to engage youth in sharing insights and knowledge, connect generations, and involve young Inuit in planning and decision making in general.
Receiving and Rendering: Notes on the Edited Shakespeare Page
Authors: Hecht Paul J.
Published: December 2015

This essay argues for a greater variety of approaches to editing Shakespeare, including editors who may creatively and productively refashion or distort the text, not just clarify it. Following an aggressive, seemingly spurious emendation to a speech in As You Like It by eighteenth-century editor William Warburton (here called a “dead crux”), the author explores how the dynamics of a Shakespeare scene inflect and infect the voice of the editor, in a way all but unimaginable within the predominant, professional tone of present-day Shakespeare editing. Working from the speculative writing of Lawrence Lipking, and the editorial provocations of James Joyce, as well as Shakespeare himself, other possibilities for the relationship of text, editor, edition, and reader are considered; this in the context of a reading, based on Warburton’s emendation, of the Shakespeare scene in question.
Review of Livingston, Michael and John K. Bollard, eds. Owain Glyndwˆr: A Casebook. Exeter Medieval Texts and Studies. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2013.
Authors: Brady Lindy
Published: December 2015

Review of Livingston, Michael and John K. Bollard, eds. Owain Glyndwˆr: A Casebook. Exeter Medieval Texts and Studies. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2013.
Analysis of a Feder
Authors: Rádi Ferenc
Published: December 2015

This paper covers an analysis in the cross section of sword fencing and the field of analytical mechanics and computer analysis. It aims to get answer to following questions in case of a normal blow with a feder on another feder: where are critical cross section/sections, where is the biggest stress, might the feder maybe break or not?

To inspect this question a model for the feder was created in a reliable, realistic, simple and closed form. Modeling a single blow acceleration and speed state at the chosen time will be calculated. Based on this input data equations and conclusions from the analytical mechanics were applied, where D’Alamberts principle is used. Results will be validated by finite element computer aided modeling and also applied on specified real life cases.
Interaction in Assessment-Oriented Role Play: A Conversation Analytic Approach
Authors: Hu Jian
Published: December 2015

To date, only a handful of studies have investigated the interlocutor effects on peer-peer test discourse, and they focus almost exclusively on the paired format in the Cambridge speaking tests, which is mostly a discussion type collaborative task. In the oral English test administered by a Chinese university under the present study, role-play is a major test type. This study chose for analysis three out of over 100 video recordings of test takers participating in roleplay- based interaction. The author adopted conversation analysis (CA) and Young’s (2000) constructivist, practice-oriented view of interaction and competence to assist the interpretation of speech exchange throughout the interaction. It is evident from the data that learners make use of various interactional resources and employ different strategies in the assessmentbased role play. It could be tentatively concluded from the conversation analysis of the paired interaction that the interaction framework together with the participants’ strategic competence in negotiating their own interactional resources, to a great extent, determines their joint performance of the collaborative task. The configuration of pairing in terms of proficiency is found to have an impact on joint interaction performance and strategic use. The implications of the current study include: interactional competence could be more readily accessed via role play than discussion type of pair work; qualitative conversation analysis of test takers’ actual practices can reveal what quantitative methods are unable to detect, and therefore is an indispensable complement.