bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CFD MODELING OF THE OPTIMIZATION OF A VENTILATION SYSTEM IN ASQUARE ENCLOSURE WITH TWO INLETS
Authors:   Fluid Mechanics and Transfer Laboratory, Physics Department, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal., Ngor Thiam Omar ,   Research Group on Solar Energy and Transfers (GREST), Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal., Drame Oumar ,   Fluid Mechanics and Transfer Laboratory, Physics Department, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal.,   Research Group on Solar Energy and Transfers (GREST), Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal., Diouf Aly ,   Fluid Mechanics and Transfer Laboratory, Physics Department, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal.,   Research Group on Solar Energy and Transfers (GREST), Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal., Mbow Cheikh ,   Fluid Mechanics and Transfer Laboratory, Physics Department, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal.,   Research Group on Solar Energy and Transfers (GREST), Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal., Lamine Sow Mamadou ,   Fluid Mechanics and Transfer Laboratory, Physics Department, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal.,   Research Group on Solar Energy and Transfers (GREST), Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, Dakar-Fann, Senegal.
Published: January 2023

In this article, we have numerically studied the phenomenon of laminar mixed convection in a ventilated square cavity. The vertical walls of the cavity are subjected to a temperature gradient while the horizontal walls are constrained as adiabatic. We used the finite volume method to discretize the system of non-dimensional equations and a purely implicit scheme for the temporal discretization. The results were presented in the form of hydrodynamic and thermal fields for different values â€‹â€‹of the Richardson number with the number of Reynolds constant. We found that the increase of the Richardson number with a fixed Reynolds number Re=100 allows us to visualize the evolution of the system and to appreciate the efficiency of the bottom ventilation.
Natural Compounds with Aldose Reductase (AR) Inhibition: A Class of
Medicative Agents for Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Wang Tong , Xu Zi-hui
Published: January 2023

Fatty liver disease (FLD), which includes both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD), is a worldwide health concern. The etiology of
ALD is long-term alcohol consumption, while NAFLD is defined as an abnormal amount of lipid
present in liver cells, which is not caused by alcohol intake and has recently been identified as a
hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and
obesity). Inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolic dysregulation are all known to play a
role in FLD progression. Alternative and natural therapies are desperately needed to treat this disease
since existing pharmaceuticals are mostly ineffective. The aldose reductase (AR)/polyol
pathway has recently been shown to play a role in developing FLD by contributing to inflammation,
oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fat accumulation. Herein, we review the effects of plantderived
compounds capable of inhibiting AR in FLD models. Natural AR inhibitors have been
found to improve FLD in part by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and steatosis via the
regulation of several critical pathways, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
(PPAR) pathway, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase
(AMPK) pathway, etc. This review revealed that natural compounds with AR inhibitory effects are
a promising class of therapeutic agents for FLD.
Design, Synthesis, and Anti-tuberculosis Activity of Streptomycin Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Yinyong , Zhao Wenhao , Yang Yushe , Zhou Xianli , Guo Bin
Published: January 2023

Background:

The treatment of tuberculosis has been a serious medical and health problem that
needs to be solved urgently. Streptomycin has been one of the important anti-tuberculosis drugs for decades;
however, no systematic structural modification of streptomycin has been done, which means that the
anti-tuberculosis ability of streptomycin derivatives deserves further exploration.

Objective:

In this study, we investigated the effect of systematic structural modification of the aldehyde
groups in streptomycin on its anti-tuberculosis activity.

Methods:

Streptomycin was selected as the lead compound, and its aldehyde group was modified to obtain
hydrazone, amino hydrazide, and sulfonyl hydrazide derivatives, respectively. In addition, siderophore
fragments were introduced into streptomycin. The anti-tuberculosis activities of the new compounds
against H37Rv were evaluated.

Results:

A total of 21 novel streptomycin derivatives have been designed and synthesized. All compounds
were characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The preliminary bioactivity test showed
that most analogues bearing hydrazine, acylhydrazine, or sulfonyl hydrazine, such as 12a, 13a-d, and
15a-f, possessed potent anti-tuberculosis activity with MIC value of 2 μg/mL, which was comparable to
streptomycin, while secondary amine or siderophore derivatives caused a dramatic reduction in activity.

Conclusion:

The structural modification and structure-activity relationship of the aldehyde group of
streptomycin were systematically studied for the first time. The results showed that the aldehyde group
was not necessary for exhibiting its activity. It was well tolerated when the aldehyde group was converted
into hydrazine, acylhydrazine, or sulfonyl hydrazine. These novel analogues provide potential lead structures
for further modification in the future.
Identification of Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Subtypes Based
on Structural MRI Grey Matter Volume and Phenotypic Information
Authors: K. Usha Rupni , P. Aruna Priya
Published: January 2023

Background:

One of the neurodevelopmental disorders widely affecting school-aged children
in recent years is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In many neurodevelopmental
disorders, grey matter may be used as a clinical indicator by looking at MRIs.

Objective:

The study aimed to segment grey matter from brain MRI using a proposed fuzzy c-means
clustering-based technique for the detection of ADHD and its subtypes (ADHD-Inattentive, ADHDHyperactive,
and ADHD-Combined). The grey matter volume, age, gender, and medication status of
the subjects were investigated to identify ADHD subtypes.

Methods:

A modified fuzzy c-means with an elbow approach has been proposed to overcome the
drawbacks of previous fuzzy c-means methods and improve segmentation performance. The volume of
segmented grey matter was included with the phenotypic information of the ADHD-200 dataset for
data analysis of typically developing (TD) and ADHD subtypes.

Results:

The proposed segmentation exhibited a dice similarity index of 95%. ADHD-Inattentive exhibited
a loss of grey matter in the prefrontal cortex, while ADHD-hyperactive exhibited a loss of grey
matter in the cerebellum when compared to TD. The analysis of ADHD subtypes based on age and
gender showed that children transitioning to adolescence are mostly affected by ADHD-inattentive and
female kids are less prone to ADHD-hyperactive. The whole grey matter volume of ADHD-inattentive
children, on average, was found to be approximately 4% less than ADHD-combined. Furthermore, the
whole grey matter volume was less in non-medication naive children.

Conclusion:

This study may support healthcare providers in giving appropriate occupational therapy
based on the identification of different ADHD subtypes.
SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic-Therapeutics in Warp Speed
Authors: Sen Sourav , Kumar Nitin
Published: January 2023

Ever since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic struck, the
challenges posed to the scientific community by its causative agent, the severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been countless, and still continue
to emerge. Even though a host of repurposed and new therapeutic agents as well
as vaccines have been, and are being assessed at a breakneck speed, this contagion
continues to create havoc, returning back in waves, with appearance of newer viral
variants which are associated with numerous challenges, which include greater transmissibility,
increased virulence, immune escape, etc. In this study,we discuss the current
status of various therapeutic agents which are being used, or in the various stages
of preclinical/clinical trials for managing COVID-19.
Extremophiles: An Overview
Authors: Kumar Tiwary Bipransh , Alam Masrure
Published: January 2023

Earth contains several environmental extremes which are uninhabitable for most of the living beings. But, astonishingly, in the last few decades, several organisms thriving in such extreme environments have been discovered. “Extremophiles”, meaning “Lovers of Extremities” are the entities that are especially adapted to live in such harsh environmental conditions in which other entities cannot live. The discovery of extremophiles has not only boosted the biotech industry to search for new products from them, but also made researchers to think for the existence of extra-terrestrial life. The most inhospitable environments include physical or chemical extremities, like high or low temperatures, radiation, high pressure, water scarcity, high salinity, pH extremes, and limitation of oxygen. Microorganisms have been found to live in all such environmental conditions, like hyperthermophiles and psychrophiles, acidophiles and alkaliphiles. Bacteria like Deinococcus radiodurans, which is able to withstand extreme gamma radiation, and Moritella sp., able to grow at atmospheric pressure of >1000 atm, have been reported. Environments like the Dead Sea, having saturated NaCl concentrations, hold extreme halophiles like Halobacterium salinarum. Highly acidic environments, like the Rio-Tinto River in Spain or Danakil depression in Ethiopia harbour acidophiles with growth optima of pH zero, or close to it. Bacillus alcalophilus, and Microcystis aeruginosa on the other hand inhabit natural alkaline soda lakes where pH can reach about 12.0. A number of anaerobic prokaryotes can live in complete anoxic environments by using terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen. In this chapter, we shall discuss very briefly the diversity of all extremophiles and their mechanism(s) of adaptation.
Robot en chirurg : een grensverleggend gouden koppel
Authors: Consten Esther
Published: January 2023

Tijdens de oratie focust dr. Esther Consten zich op de rol van technologie in de gezondheidszorg. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn het combineren van virtual reality-, fluorescentie- en peroperatieve beeldfusietechnieken, oftewel image fusion. Door deze ontwikkelingen zal de rol van de chirurg veranderen. De chirurg zal als operateur vanuit de cockpit van de operatierobot doorgroeien naar regisseur in multidisciplinaire therapeutische interventies. Binnen mijn onderzoeksteams wordt gewerkt aan de volgende 3 thema’s: Image guided surgery met intra-operatieve fluorescentie technieken: ism prof. Nagengast is gestart met onderzoek naar fluorescentie en tumor gerichte tracers bij poortwachtklieren van dikke darmkanker, het coloncarcinoom. Dit onderzoek zal naar verwachting een verschuiving in de behandeling van dikke darmkanker kunnen opleveren. Image fusion: is een volgende en andere invalshoek om patiënten uitkomsten te verbeteren. Hierbij gaan we nog een stap verder: een digitaal beeld over de werkelijke situatie projecteren. We streven ernaar om hiermee de prestaties van de chirurg verder te verbeteren. Artificiële intelligentie: misschien wel de belangrijkste stap als het gaat om verbeteren van operatie uitkomsten: toepassen van kunstmatige intelligentie. De weg naar robots die de chirurg tijdens de operatie niet alleen in het werk gaan ondersteunen, maar die ook gaan meedenken. Als we al deze nieuwe technieken samennemen, bouwen we een zogenaamd “Peroperative decision platform”. Computers zullen chirurgen hiermee niet alleen helpen met de praktische uitvoering en efficiency van de operatie, maar ook met weefselherkenning, beslisvorming en optimalisatie van prestaties.
Diversidad y composición florística del bosque seco y semideciduo de la Reserva Forestal Guanito, provincia San Juan, República Dominicana
Authors: Lebrón-Liriano Berleni V. , Guerrero Arias Ángela
Published: January 2023

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Se presenta la flora del bosque seco de Cerros del Tabacal y del bosque semideciduo de Loma del Agua de la Reserva Forestal Guanito en la Cordillera Central de República Dominicana. Existen muy pocos registros de las especies de esta reserva. Por ello, el objetivo general fue inventariar la flora vascular de ambas montañas; los objetivos específicos, determinar la diversidad y riqueza de especies en la Reserva Forestal Guanito, documentar su distribución, estado de conservación y formas de vida, y registrar la variación en la composición florística.
Métodos: Se delimitaron tres parcelas de 10 × 10 m y dos transectos de 60 × 2 m en cada bosque, basados en el área mínima de expresión de las especies, y fueron ubicados en las áreas con cobertura vegetal densa. Se calculó el índice de diversidad de Shannon, el índice de dominancia de Berger-Parker y el coeficiente de similitud de Jaccard.
Resultados clave: En el bosque seco se registraron 81 especies, distribuidas en 72 géneros y 31 familias; en el bosque semideciduo, 110 especies de 96 géneros y 50 familias. Fabaceae fue la familia con mayor riqueza de géneros en ambos cerros (siete y ocho, respectivamente), y Tillandsia el género con mayor riqueza de especies (seis y cinco, respectivamente). Con mayor abundancia de individuos destacó Tillandsia recurvata (173 individuos) en el bosque seco y en el bosque semideciduo, Savia sessiliflora (39). El índice de Shannon mostró que el bosque semideciduo tiene mayor diversidad que el bosque seco, y los resultados del coeficiente de Jaccard indican que ambos bosques presentan una composición florística muy diferente.
Conclusiones: Este estudio reafirma la importancia y riqueza florística de los bosques de República Dominicana y constituye el primer inventario florístico para la Reserva Forestal Guanito.
The Evaluation of Health Care Services for Children and Adolescents With Post–COVID-19 Condition: Protocol for a Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Rathgeb Chiara , Pawellek Maja , Behrends Uta , Alberer Martin , Kabesch Michael , Gerling Stephan , Brandstetter Susanne , Apfelbacher Christian
Published: January 2023

Background

Some children and adolescents suffer from late effects of a SARS-CoV-2 infection despite a frequently mild course of the disease. Nevertheless, extensive care for post–COVID-19 condition, also known as post–COVID-19 syndrome, in children and young people is not yet available. A comprehensive care network, Post-COVID Kids Bavaria (PoCo), for children and adolescents with post–COVID-19 condition has been set up as a model project in Bavaria, Germany.

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate the health care services provided within this network structure of care for children and adolescents with post–COVID-19 condition in a pre-post study design.

Methods

We have already recruited 117 children and adolescents aged up to 17 years with post–COVID-19 condition who were diagnosed and treated in 16 participating outpatient clinics. Health care use, treatment satisfaction, patient-reported outcomes related to health-related quality of life (the primary endpoint), fatigue, postexertional malaise, and mental health are being assessed at different time points (at baseline and after 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months) using routine data, interviews, and self-report questionnaires.

Results

The study recruitment process ran from April 2022 until December 2022. Interim analyses will be carried out. A full analysis of the data will be conducted after follow-up assessment is completed, and the results will be published.

Conclusions

The results will contribute to the evaluation of therapeutic services provided for post–COVID-19 condition in children and adolescents, and avenues for optimizing care may be identified.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/41010
When People With Chronic Conditions Turn to Peers on Social Media to Obtain and Share Information: Systematic Review of the Implications for Relationships With Health Care Professionals
Authors: Kjærulff Emilie Mølholm , Andersen Tue Helms , Kingod Natasja , Nexø Mette Andersen
Published: January 2023

Background

People living with chronic conditions such as diabetes turn to peers on social media to obtain and share information. Although social media use has grown dramatically in the past decade, little is known about its implications for the relationships between people with chronic conditions and health care professionals (HCPs).

Objective

We aimed to systematically review the content and quality of studies examining what the retrieval and sharing of information by people with chronic conditions on social media implies for their relationships with HCPs.

Methods

We conducted a search of studies in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), and CINAHL (EBSCO). Eligible studies were primary studies; examined social media use; included adults with any type of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases that are closely linked with diabetes, obesity, hypertension, or dyslipidemia; and reported on the implications for people with chronic conditions–HCP relationships when people with chronic conditions access and share information on social media. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018 to assess the quality of the studies, and the included studies were narratively synthesized.

Results

Of the 3111 screened studies, 17 (0.55%) were included. Most studies (13/17, 76%) were of low quality. The narrative synthesis identified implications for people with chronic conditions–HCP relationships when people with chronic conditions access and share information on social media, divided into 3 main categories with 7 subcategories. These categories of implications address how the peer interactions of people with chronic conditions on social media can influence their communication with HCPs, how people with chronic conditions discuss advice and medical information from HCPs on social media, and how relationships with HCPs are discussed by people with chronic conditions on social media. The implications are illustrated collectively in a conceptual model.

Conclusions

More evidence is needed to draw conclusions, but the findings indicate that the peer interactions of people with chronic conditions on social media are implicated in the ways in which people with chronic conditions equip themselves for clinical consultations, evaluate the information and advice provided by HCPs, and manage their relationships with HCPs. Future populations with chronic conditions will be raised in a digital world, and social media will likely remain a strategy for obtaining support and information. However, the generally low quality of the studies included in this review points to the relatively immature state of research exploring social media and its implications for people with chronic conditions–HCP relationships. Better study designs and methods for conducting research on social media are needed to generate robust evidence.
Introducing JMIR AI
Authors: El Emam Khaled , Malin Bradley
Published: January 2023

JMIR AI is a new journal with a focus on publishing applied artificial intelligence and machine learning research. This editorial provides an overview of the primary objectives, the focus areas of the journal, and the types of articles that are within scope.
Parent-Reported Use of Pediatric Primary Care Telemedicine: Survey Study
Authors: Ray Kristin N , Wittman Samuel R , Burns Sarah , Doan Tran T , Schweiberger Kelsey A , Yabes Jonathan G , Hanmer Janel , Krishnamurti Tamar
Published: January 2023

Background

Telemedicine delivered from primary care practices became widely available for children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

Focusing on children with a usual source of care, we aimed to examine factors associated with use of primary care telemedicine.

Methods

In February 2022, we surveyed parents of children aged ≤17 years on the AmeriSpeak panel, a probability-based panel of representative US households, about their children’s telemedicine use. We first compared sociodemographic factors among respondents who did and did not report a usual source of care for their children. Among those reporting a usual source of care, we used Rao-Scott F tests to examine factors associated with parent-reported use versus nonuse of primary care telemedicine for their children.

Results

Of 1206 respondents, 1054 reported a usual source of care for their children. Of these respondents, 301 of 1054 (weighted percentage 28%) reported primary care telemedicine visits for their children. Factors associated with primary care telemedicine use versus nonuse included having a child with a chronic medical condition (87/301, weighted percentage 27% vs 113/753, 15%, respectively; P=.002), metropolitan residence (262/301, weighted percentage 88% vs 598/753, 78%, respectively; P=.004), greater internet connectivity concerns (60/301, weighted percentage 24% vs 116/753, 16%, respectively; P=.05), and greater health literacy (285/301, weighted percentage 96% vs 693/753, 91%, respectively; P=.005).

Conclusions

In a national sample of respondents with a usual source of care for their children, approximately one-quarter reported use of primary care telemedicine for their children as of 2022. Equitable access to primary care telemedicine may be enhanced by promoting access to primary care, sustaining payment for primary care telemedicine, addressing barriers in nonmetropolitan practices, and designing for lower health-literacy populations.
An Algorithm to Classify Real-World Ambulatory Status From a Wearable Device Using Multimodal and Demographically Diverse Data: Validation Study
Authors: Popham Sara , Burq Maximilien , Rainaldi Erin E , Shin Sooyoon , Dunn Jessilyn , Kapur Ritu
Published: January 2023

Background

Measuring the amount of physical activity and its patterns using wearable sensor technology in real-world settings can provide critical insights into health status.

Objective

This study’s aim was to develop and evaluate the analytical validity and transdemographic generalizability of an algorithm that classifies binary ambulatory status (yes or no) on the accelerometer signal from wrist-worn biometric monitoring technology.

Methods

Biometric monitoring technology algorithm validation traditionally relies on large numbers of self-reported labels or on periods of high-resolution monitoring with reference devices. We used both methods on data collected from 2 distinct studies for algorithm training and testing, one with precise ground-truth labels from a reference device (n=75) and the second with participant-reported ground-truth labels from a more diverse, larger sample (n=1691); in total, we collected data from 16.7 million 10-second epochs. We trained a neural network on a combined data set and measured performance in multiple held-out testing data sets, overall and in demographically stratified subgroups.

Results

The algorithm was accurate at classifying ambulatory status in 10-second epochs (area under the curve 0.938; 95% CI 0.921-0.958) and on daily aggregate metrics (daily mean absolute percentage error 18%; 95% CI 15%-20%) without significant performance differences across subgroups.

Conclusions

Our algorithm can accurately classify ambulatory status with a wrist-worn device in real-world settings with generalizability across demographic subgroups. The validated algorithm can effectively quantify users’ walking activity and help researchers gain insights on users’ health status.
The fastest IRONMAN® race courses for age group triathletes are in the United States of America - an internet-based cross-sectional study using a machine learning approach with more than 670'000 race records (Preprint)
Authors: Knechtle Beat , Thuany Mabliny , Valero David , Villiger Elias , Nikolaidis Pantelis , Cuk Ivan , Weiss Katja
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

The majority of participants in IRONMAN® triathlon races are age group athletes. We have extensive knowledge about recreational athletes' training and competition participation. Nonetheless, age group athletes have to achieve fast race times to qualify for the IRONMAN® World Championship in ‘IRONMAN® Hawaii’. They would therefore benefit from knowing where the fastest IRONMAN® race courses in the world are.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the present study was to investigate where in the world the fastest IRONMAN® race courses for age group triathletes are.

METHODS

Data from 677,702 IRONMAN® age group finishers´ records (544,963 males and 132,739 females) from 228 countries participating in 67 different IRONMAN® event locations between 2002 and 2022 were analyzed. Data were analyzed using different machine learning (ML) regression models. Five different algorithms (Random Forest Regressor, XG Boost Regressor, Ada Boost Regressor, Cat Boot Regressor, and Decision Tree Regressor) were used. The models' used gender, country of origin, and event location as independent variables to predict the final race time.

RESULTS

Most of the successful IRONMAN® age group triathletes originated from the United States of America (USA) (274,553), followed by athletes from the United Kingdom (55,410) and Canada (38,264). Most of the athletes competed in Ironman® Wisconsin (38,545), followed by Ironman® Florida (38,157) and Ironman® Lake Placid (34,341). All five predictive models identified the ‘country’ as the most important predictor variable. A decision tree algorithm, trained with data from 2002 - 2022, forecasts that the best IRONMAN® age group finish times will be around 11:14:33 (h:min:s) and will be achieved by males in age groups 45 years or younger, not from the USA, the United Kingdom and Canada, and competing in IRONMAN® Wisconsin, Florida, Lake Placid, Arizona, Hawaii, or Austria.

CONCLUSIONS

The fastest race courses for age group IRONMAN® triathletes are in the USA (e.g., IRONMAN® Wisconsin, Florida, Lake Placid, Arizona, and Hawaii). However, the fastest IRONMAN® age group triathletes do not originate from the USA but from Australia, Germany, France, Spain, Sweden, Brazil, or Austria. Any IRONMAN® age group triathlete intending to achieve a fast IRONMAN® race time should consider participating in an IRONMAN® race held in the USA.

CLINICALTRIAL

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Need for Morphological Study in Natural Sciences
Authors: Akasofu Syun-Ichi
Published: January 2023

The importance of morphological study is emphasized in natural sciences. In morphological studies, one synthesizes all the available observed facts, sequencing them in terms of causes and effects under a specific principle. It can provide not only an opportunity of breakthrough, but also the foundation of a significant theoretical research. It is the stage where creativity and innovativeness can most clearly be displayed.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA AND VITEX NEGUNDO FOR ANALGESIC ACTIVITY
Authors: SEN DIVYA , SAHU MANOJ , VERMA LOKESH , BANWEER JITENDRA
Published: January 2023

Background: Pain is defined physical or mental depending on it source of origin and pain treated with anti-anxiety, antidepressant, and analgesic medicine. Andrographis paniculata locally called kalmegh of Acanthaceae family and Vitex negundo locally called nirgundi of Lamiaceae, both medicinal plants which yield the therapeutic compound and herbal drug used cure diseases. Methods: The analgesic activity was performed by hot plat and tail immersion method. The present study extract performs models plants 50 Swiss albino mice four groups of each five animals. This experimental animal administered with extract intraperitoneal at dose level 50, 100, and 300 mg/kg used as reference drugs diclofenac sodium-induced time test using albino mice as experimental animal. Results: Medicinal plants ethanolic extract contains reducing carbohydrate, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids. The sample comparable antibacterial cytotoxic activity. The different solvent soluble and mild activity herbal drug analgesic highest activity compared to standard drug, diclofenac sodium. Conclusion: Analgesic models based different parameter for studies bioactive compounds further for isolation and purification compounds.
Self-reported concussion history among midwestern skiers and snowboarders
Authors: Ivancich Marko , Berry Vince , Clark Michael , Beaumont Andrew , Norrbom Corina , Amundson Jeffrey C
Published: January 2023

Aim: To assess the rate of self-reported concussion in midwestern skiers and snowboarders. Patients: Recreational skiers and snowboarders between the ages of 14 and 69 years during a single winter ski season (2020–2021) at a ski area in Wisconsin, USA. Methods: Survey study. Results: Among this survey population (n = 161), 9.32 and 19.25% reported one or more diagnosed concussion and suspected concussion respectively as a result of a skiing- or snowboarding-related incident. Skiers and snowboarders that self-identified as advanced, those who utilized terrain park features, and those that participated in freestyle competition had significantly higher self-reported rates of concussion. Conclusion: Self-reported concussion history indicates a concussion prevalence that is higher than expected based on previous studies. Participants reported significantly more suspected concussions than diagnosed concussions, indicating a possible issue with underreporting in this population.
The Mediating Effect of Self-disgust in the Relationship between Irrational Beliefs and Depression
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Bang Sunkyeong , Lee Eunhee
Published: January 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the relations among irrational beliefs, depression, and self-disgust, and determine the mediating role of self-disgust in the relationship between irrational beliefs and depression.
Methods Data for this research were collected by conducting an online survey nationwide with 397 respondents (male 149 and female 248) ranging from their 20s to 60s, and the mediating effect was examined through the covariance structure model analysis.
Results The The main results of this study are summarized as follows. First, it turned out that irrational beliefs such as demandingness, catastrophizing, frustration intolerance, and self-downing have a positive influence on depression. Second, it was demonstrated that self-disgust serves as a partial mediator associations between demandingness, catastrophizing, frustration intolerance and depression. Third, self-disgust proved to function as a full mediator between self-downing and depression.
Conclusions On the basis of the results, the meanings of the study and the implications for more effective interventions for depression treatment in terms of cognitive behavioral therapy are discussed, and suggestions for further research are proposed.
An Analysis on the Perceptions and Needs of the Director and Teachers for the Child-centered STEAM Play Program Made of Narrative
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Byung-Man , Lee Kang-Hoon , Jeong Su-Jeong
Published: January 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions and needs of the director and teachers for child-centered STEAM play program that is made into a narrative, and to analyze the differences in perceptions and needs between the director and teachers.
Methods In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 36 directors, 240 teachers, and a total of 276 early childhood teachers who agreed to participate in the study were surveyed among early childhood teachers in kindergartens in Seoul, Busan, Gangwon, and Gyeongnam. For data processing and analysis, frequency analysis, cross- analysis, chi-square (x2) test, descriptive statistical analysis, and independent sample t-test were performed.
Results First, both the director and teachers were generally well aware of STEAM education for young children, and it was found that they recognized the need for the child-centered STEAM play program made of narrative. Second, it was found that both the director and the teacher had diverse needs for the development and operation of the child-centered STEAM play program made of narrative. Third, both the director and teachers showed high demands for teacher training related to the child-centered STEAM play program.
Conclusions Through the results of this study, the importance and demand for the child-centered STEAM play program created as a narrative in the 2019 revised Nuri-Curriculum, which is an child-centered⋅play-centered curriculum, was confirmed. Therefore, the researchers propose to develop and operate an child-centered STEAM play program that creates a narrative based on the results of this study.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-inflammatory activity of Some Novel Oxazole Derivatives
Authors: Garg Ajay Kumar , Singh Ranjan Kumar , Saxena Vaibhav , Sinha Saurabh Kr. , Rao Sanjay
Published: January 2023

A series of novel oxazole derivatives (A, A1, A2) were synthesized starting from acetone and urea. The compound (A) was obtained by heating it with acetophenone and urea in iodine. Compound (A) on treatment with 4-amino benzaldehyde (Z)-N-(4-amino benzylidine)-4-((E)-Penta-2, 4-diene-2) oxazole-2-amine afforded (A1). Acylation of compound (A) with 4-amino benzoyl chloride to obtain the corresponding N-(4 phenyl oxazole-2- yl)- benzamide (A2). The structures of compounds have been established employing FTIR and 1H-NMR spectral analysis. All oxazole derivatives were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by the carrageenan-induced Rat hind paw method. Derivative A1 shows maximum anti-inflammatory activity.

Keywords: Oxazoles, anti-inflammatory, Benzamide, acetophenone, indomethacin.
A Review on Strategies for COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Regulatory Requirements
Authors: Kulkarni Rohan , Kallepalli Sai Priya , Dharia Samit , Kamble Girish , Parvathaneni Madhukiran
Published: January 2023

Scientists first identified Human Coronavirus in the year 1965. Then, a study was performed on different human and animal viruses, which were named based on their crown-like appearance. Human coronaviruses are responsible for many children's upper respiratory tract infections. At least five new human coronaviruses have been identified since 2003, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, which caused significant morbidity and mortality.1 Per NL and the New Haven, the virus associated with upper and lower respiratory tract disease and likely common human pathogens are identified as the Group-I coronaviruses (SARS- CoV-I). The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-II), which appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, is responsible for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and causes respiratory symptoms that can feel like a cold, flu, or pneumonia. Geographical transmission of the virus and the sudden increase in cases are much faster than SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). COVID-19 is the first global pandemic caused by a coronavirus causing outbreaks in 211 countries. The vaccine against COVID-19 is an effective prophylactic strategy for controlling and preventing the virus. The vaccine is being developed in about 90 institutions worldwide. This research paper focuses on COVID-19 vaccine development strategies implemented by various institutions and pharmaceutical companies worldwide and regulatory requirements for vaccine approval.

Keywords: Human Coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), COVID-19 vaccine development strategies
Pharmacological evaluation of analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic root extract of Amaranthus caudatus
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Monika Km , Rathi Bhawana , Agarwal Ruchi , Khan Najam Ali , Swain Sudhansu Ranjan
Published: January 2023

Background: Amaranthus caudatus Linn, belonging to a family Amaranthaceae. Amaranthus caudatus is found in South America, India, or Indo-Chinese district, Mexico, and the Mediterranean area. Amaranthus caudatus contains different kinds of substance constituents which are responsible for its therapeutic potential. Amaranthus caudatus is usually utilized in the treatment of jaundice, amoebiasis, and kidney ailment, as a blood purifier, diuretic, abortifacient, vermifuge, astringents, and for liver illness. The research work deals with the screening of the analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic root extract of Amaranthus caudatus. For this, the alcoholic extract of the selected plant was used for analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory activity and anti-pyretic activities.

The result: In current investigation, diclofenac sodium (10mg/kg, p.o.) was used as a standard drug. The effects of ethanolic root extract (200 and 400mg/kg, p.o.) of Amaranthus caudatus on Wistar albino rats for the assessment of analgesic, anti-inflammatory as well as antipyretic activities. The current research revealed that EEAC (200 and 400mg/kg,p.o.) possessed significant (P<0.05) analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretics activities in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore EEAC (200 and 400mg/kg p.o) were effective as standard drug (Diclofenac sodium 10mg/kg, p.o). All these methods were performed under highly supervised conditions and by proper handling of experimental animals having been granted permission by IAEC.

The conclusion: In the present study, it was concluded that the EEAC was effective in a dose-dependent manner and possessed potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities.

Keywords: Amaranthus caudatus, Analgesic, Anti-pyretic, Anti-inflammatory, Diclofenac sodium, Phytochemical screening.
An investigation of Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench seed extract for antibacterial and antioxidant activities
Authors: Prakash Ved
Published: January 2023

Use of herbal remedies is on the rise in developed and developing countries. Plant kingdom is a gold mine for novel and affordable antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds. The medicinal properties of plants are due to metabolites especially secondary compounds produced by plant species around the globe. The current study was designed to investigate the seed extract of Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench for its antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The antibacterial activity of the acetone, aqueous and methanol seed extracts was determined in-vitro against medically important pathogens such as Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia pestis by agar-well diffusion method using different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100%). Results showed low to significant antibacterial activity against the mentioned pathogenic bacterial species. The methanol extract of B. anthelmintica showed maximum zone of inhibition (20.40±0.68 mm) in the growth of L. monocytogenes which was followed by P. aeruginosa (19.10±1.77 mm), S. aureus (18.55±2.20 mm), E. coli (16.00±0.60 mm) and Y. pestis (16.00±0.00 mm) at 100% of its concentration respectively. Methanol seed extract was found to be more effective against selected pathogenic bacterial species as compared to acetone and aqueous seed extracts. Further the seed extract inhibited gram-positive bacteria more efficiently than gram-negative bacteria. The antioxidant capacity of the different seed extracts (methanol, acetone and aqueous) of B. anthelmintica was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay at different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µg/mL). The plant showed 14.40±0.05 and 13.20±0.55 % DPPH radical scavenging potential in methanol and acetone extracts respectively at 100 µg/mL and exhibited no radical scavenging potential in case of aqueous extract. Therefore, the seed extracts of this plant can be selected for further investigation to discover or determine their ultimate therapeutic potential.

Keywords: Baccharoides anthelmintica,  seed extract, agar well diffusion, zone of inhibition, DPPH
Radioligand therapy with drugs based on radionuclide 225Aс: experience of A.M.Granov Russian scientific center of radiology and surgical technologies
Authors: Maystrenko D. N. , Stanzhevskii A. A. , Vazhenina D. A. , Odintsova M. V. , Popov S. A. , Nomokonova V. B. , Chipiga L. A. , Saprykin K. A. , Gromov A. V. , Vasiliev S. K.
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION: Peptide receptor therapy based on the 225Ac radionuclide, due to the targeted effect on tumor cells, is the most promising method of treatment for patients with generalized forms of neuroendocrine tumors and castration-resistant prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of radioligand therapy of medicinal radiopharmaceuticals with 225Ac.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radioligand therapy based on 225Ac radionuclide was performed in 7 patients with generalized prostate cancer and 3 patients with neuroendocrine tumors.

RESULTS: Systemic radiation therapy with 225Ac-PSMA 617 and 225Ac-DOTATE showed its effectiveness in clinical practice — patients have a decrease in the level of accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical (RP) in pathological foci on PET-CT with 68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTATE; a decrease in the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood (for prostate cancer); reduction of manifestations of asthenic, pain and carcinoid (for neuroendocrine tumors) syndromes. Dosimetric studies make it possible to assess the biodistribution of a radiopharmaceutical drug in the body, accumulation in target organs and lesions.

CONCLUSION: The appointment of this type of treatment requires an integrated approach based on a thorough study of medical records, assessment of the receptor status of the tumor tissue, timely detection and prediction of adverse reactions.
Methods of dosimetry-based treatment planning in radiopharmaceutical therapy. Part 1: terminology and definitions
Authors: Vodovatov A. V. , Chipiga L. A. , Petryakova A. V. , Stanzhevskii A. A. , Maistrenko D. N. , Vazhenina D. A. , Sysoev D. S. , Ryzhov S. A.
Published: January 2023

Existing drawbacks of the radionuclide therapy planning may lead to the excessive irradiation of the healthy organs and tissues that is associated with the development of deterministic and stochastic effects. In some cases absorbed dose in region of interest (lesion) can be lower than prescribed therapeutic dose. That reduces the effectiveness of radionuclide therapy and reduces survival rate of patients. These problems are associated with administration of the fixed activity of radionuclide in radiopharmaceutical, or administration of activity normalized per unit of body mass or body surface. That approach does not allow assessing absorbed doses in lesions or healthy tissues for individual patients. Report of International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements 96 «Dosimetry-guided radiopharmaceutical therapy», published in 2021, presents modern approaches for the dosimetric planning of radionuclide therapy based on the individualized assessment of absorbed doses in organs and tissues. This study was aimed at the analysis of proposed in Report 96 methods of classification of irradiated regions, organs and tissues based on example of radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE. Proposed terms and definitions are harmonized with previous reports of International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements on external radiation therapy. Terms and definitions analyzed in the current study will be used in the following studies aimed at the development of the requirements on dosimetric planning of radionuclide therapy.
Multipartite Intrinsic Non-Locality and Device-Independent Conference Key Agreement
Authors: Philip Aby , Kaur Eneet , Bierhorst Peter , Wilde Mark M.
Published: January 2023

In this work, we introduce multipartite intrinsic non-locality as a method for quantifying resources in the multipartite scenario of device-independent (DI) conference key agreement. We prove that multipartite intrinsic non-locality is additive, convex, and monotone under a class of free operations called local operations and common randomness. As one of our technical contributions, we establish a chain rule for two variants of multipartite mutual information, which we then use to prove that multipartite intrinsic non-locality is additive. This chain rule may be of independent interest in other contexts. All of these properties of multipartite intrinsic non-locality are helpful in establishing the main result of our paper: multipartite intrinsic non-locality is an upper bound on secret key rate in the general multipartite scenario of DI conference key agreement. We discuss various examples of DI conference key protocols and compare our upper bounds for these protocols with known lower bounds. Finally, we calculate upper bounds on recent experimental realizations of DI quantum key distribution.
Resonant Multilevel Amplitude Damping Channels
Authors: Chessa Stefano , Giovannetti Vittorio
Published: January 2023

We introduce a new set of quantum channels: resonant multilevel amplitude damping (ReMAD) channels. Among other instances, they can describe energy dissipation effects in multilevel atomic systems induced by the interaction with a zero-temperature bosonic environment. At variance with the already known class of multilevel amplitude damping (MAD) channels, this new class of maps allows the presence of an environment unable to discriminate transitions with identical energy gaps. After characterizing the algebra of their composition rules, by analyzing the qutrit case, we show that this new set of channels can exhibit degradability and antidegradability in vast regions of the allowed parameter space. There we compute their quantum capacity and private classical capacity. We show that these capacities can be computed exactly also in regions of the parameter space where the channels aren't degradable nor antidegradable.