bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is it Trauma‐ or Fantasy‐based? Comparing dissociative identity disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder, simulators, and controls
Authors: Vissia E. M. , Giesen M. E. , Chalavi S. , Nijenhuis E. R. S. , Draijer N. , Brand B. L. , Reinders A. A. T. S.
Published: May 2016

Objective

The Trauma Model of dissociative identity disorder (DID) posits that DID is etiologically related to chronic neglect and physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood. In contrast, the Fantasy Model posits that DID can be simulated and is mediated by high suggestibility, fantasy proneness, and sociocultural influences. To date, these two models have not been jointly tested in individuals with DID in an empirical manner.

Method

This study included matched groups [patients (n = 33) and controls (n = 32)] that were compared on psychological Trauma and Fantasy measures: diagnosed genuine DID (DID‐G, n = 17), DID‐simulating healthy controls (DID‐S, n = 16), individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, n = 16), and healthy controls (HC, n = 16). Additionally, personality‐state‐dependent measures were obtained for DID‐G and DID‐S; both neutral personality states (NPS) and trauma‐related personality states (TPS) were tested.

Conclusion

For Trauma measures, the DID‐G group had the highest scores, with TPS higher than NPS, followed by the PTSD, DID‐S, and HC groups. The DID‐G group was not more fantasy‐prone or suggestible and did not generate more false memories. Malingering measures were inconclusive. Evidence consistently supported the Trauma Model of DID and challenges the core hypothesis of the Fantasy Model.
Spectral Analysis of Electrocardiograms in Patients with Inducible Atrial Fibrillation after Catheter Ablation Predicts Sinus Rhythm Maintenance
Authors: Stavrakis Stavros , Dyer John W. , Scherlag Benjamin J. , Khan Zeeshan , Yeung Paul , Chohan Jawad , Po Sunny S.
Published: May 2016

Background

We aimed to develop a novel predictive marker for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence in patients with inducible AF after catheter ablation, based on power spectral analysis of baseline and postablation electrocardiograms.

Methods

Twenty‐five patients who had undergone their first AF ablation procedure (pulmonary vein isolation and ganglionated plexi ablation) and had inducible AF after ablation were included. A 30‐second interval of AF was chosen for each patient before and after ablation, and a periodogram of the atrial activity was computed. A ratio of the power in the dominant frequency to the power in the remainder of the periodogram (DFR) was calculated.

Results

Eight (32%) patients had recurrent AF at 1 year. The clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with and without recurrence were similar (P > 0.05). After ablation, there was organization of atrial activity, evidenced by an increase in the DFR (0.28 ± 0.22 vs 0.53 ± 0.29; P = 0.001). The percent change in DFR before and after ablation (median [interquartile range]) was significantly higher in patients without AF recurrence (120% [30% to 344%] vs 3% [−27% to 66%]; P = 0.01). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated that a less than 16% increase in DFR postablation was able to predict recurrence of AF (area under ROC curve = 0.82; P = 0.03) with 75% sensitivity and 94% specificity.

Conclusion

AF ablation leads to variable organization of atrial activity. Organization of atrial activity after AF ablation is associated with lower 1‐year recurrence rates and may be used intraprocedurally after as a novel end point for AF ablation. Larger prospective studies are warranted.
Blue‐blocking glasses as additive treatment for mania: a randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Henriksen Tone EG , Skrede Silje , Fasmer Ole B , Schoeyen Helle , Leskauskaite Ieva , Bjørke‐Bertheussen Jeanette , Assmus Jörg , Hamre Børge , Grønli Janne , Lund Anders
Published: May 2016

Objectives

The discovery of the blue lightsensitive retinal photoreceptor responsible for signaling daytime to the brain suggested that light to the circadian system could be inhibited by using blue‐blocking orange tinted glasses. Blue‐blocking (BB) glasses are a potential treatment option for bipolar mania. We examined the effectiveness of BB glasses in hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder in a manic state.

Methods

In a single‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (RCT), eligible patients (with bipolar mania; age 18–70 years) were recruited from five clinics in Norway. Patients were assigned to BB glasses or placebo (clear glasses) from 6 p.m. to 8 a.m. for 7 days, in addition to treatment as usual. Symptoms were assessed daily by use of the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Motor activity was assessed by actigraphy, and compared to data from a healthy control group. Wearing glasses for one evening/night qualified for inclusion in the intention‐to‐treat analysis.

Results

From February 2012 to February 2015, 32 patients were enrolled. Eight patients dropped out and one was excluded, resulting in 12 patients in the BB group and 11 patients in the placebo group. The mean decline in YMRS score was 14.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.7–18.5] in the BB group, and 1.7 (95% CI: −4.0 to 7.4) in the placebo group, yielding an effect size of 1.86 (Cohen's d). In the BB group, one patient reported headache and two patients experienced easily reversible depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

This RCT shows that BB glasses are effective and feasible as add‐on treatment for bipolar mania.
Cognitive‐Behavioral Couple Therapies: Review of the Evidence for the Treatment of Relationship Distress, Psychopathology, and Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Fischer Melanie S. , Baucom Donald H. , Cohen Matthew J.
Published: May 2016

Cognitive‐behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) is an approach to assisting couples that has strong empirical support for alleviating relationship distress. This paper provides a review of the empirical status of CBCT along with behavioral couple therapy (BCT), as well as the evidence for recent applications of CBCT principles to couple‐based interventions for individual psychopathology and medical conditions. Several meta‐analyses and major reviews have confirmed the efficacy of BCT and CBCT across trials in the United States, Europe, and Australia, and there is little evidence to support differential effectiveness of various forms of couple therapy derived from behavioral principles. A much smaller number of effectiveness studies have shown that successful implementation in community settings is possible, although effect sizes tend to be somewhat lower than those evidenced in randomized controlled trials. Adapted for individual problems, cognitive‐behavioral couple‐based interventions appear to be at least as effective as individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) across a variety of psychological disorders, and often more effective, especially when partners are substantially involved in treatment. In addition, couple‐based interventions tend to have the unique added benefit of improving relationship functioning. Findings on couple‐based interventions for medical conditions are more varied and more complex to interpret given the greater range of target outcomes (psychological, relational, and medical variables).
Fabrication and Property of Mullite Whiskers Frameworks with an Ultrahigh Porosity by Expandable Mesocarbon Microbeads
Authors: Zeng De‐Jun , Zhang Ya‐Ming , Yang Jian‐Feng , Wang Bo , Matsushita Junichi
Published: May 2016

Mullite whiskers frameworks with an ultrahigh porosity were fabricated by the vapor‐phase reaction of AlF3, Al2O3, and SiO2 and adding expandable mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) as a pore‐forming agent. A large volume expansion of 122% for MCMB due to its layered structure occurred during the formation of mullite whiskers, resulting in the expansion of samples and high porosities of 87.7%–98.2% at 50–90 wt% MCMB contents. Perfect whiskers and a lap‐joint structure formed due to the formation of mullites through the vapor‐phase reaction. A bimodal pore structure was achieved from the spaces of the whiskers framework and burning of the expanded MCMB. High compressive strengths of 1.7 to 5.4 MPa were obtained for the porous mullite at porosities of 94.2%–87.7%, which suggested a rigid structure; these strengths at the ultrahigh porosities are attributed to the merit of the framework with high strength whiskers and their strong bonding.
Laser and light therapies for the treatment of nail psoriasis
Authors: Maranda Eric L. , Nguyen Austin H. , Lim Victoria M. , Hafeez Farhaan , Jimenez Joaquin J.
Published: May 2016

Psoriatic involvement of the nail is notoriously refractory to conventional therapy. Nail psoriasis has a high incidence amongst patients with psoriasis. It remains a significant cosmetic problem and thus, has a significant impact on quality of life. More recently, light and laser therapies have emerged as modalities for treatment of nail psoriasis. In this study, the efficacies of light and laser therapies are systematically reviewed. Light therapies involve ultraviolet light (with or without photosensitizers) or intense pulsed light. Alternatively, laser therapy in nail psoriasis is primarily administered using a 595‐nm pulsed dye laser. These modalities have demonstrated significant improvement in psoriatic nail lesions, and even complete resolution in some cases. Both laser and light modalities have also been tested in combination with other systemic or topical therapeutics, with variable improvement in efficacy. Both laser and light therapies are generally well tolerated. Side‐effects of light therapies include hyperpigmentation, itching and erythema; whereas, side‐effects of laser therapy are more frequent and include pain, purpura/petechiae and hyperpigmentation. Patterns of response to therapy were also seen based on presenting characteristics of the nail lesions: subungual hyperkeratosis and onycholysis appeared to be the most responsive to therapy, while nail pitting was the most resistant. Light or laser therapies have the potential to be an efficient and cost‐effective in‐office based treatment for nail psoriasis. However, more large‐scale clinical trials are needed to assess their efficacy, particularly in combination with other therapeutic modalities.
Dienogest compared with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist after conservative surgery for endometriosis
Authors: Takaesu Yotaro , Nishi Hirotaka , Kojima Junya , Sasaki Toru , Nagamitsu Yuzo , Kato Rina , Isaka Keiichi
Published: May 2016

Aim

Although there are various hormone therapies, including gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist, danazol, levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system, dienogest, and low‐dose estrogen progestin, no consensus opinion has been reached in terms of which medication should be used and for how long it should be administered. We aimed to determine whether dienogest or goserelin is the better postoperative therapy to prevent recurrence of endometriosis.

Methods

A prospective cohort randomized study were conducted, including 198 patients diagnosed as having endometriosis. A total of 111 patients were randomly assigned into two groups: the dienogest‐administered group (n = 56) and the goserelin‐administered group (n = 55). Patients were followed for 24 months after laparoscopic surgery. Those who gave consent but desired no postoperative therapy were assigned to the non‐treatment group (n = 79). Recurrence, side‐effects, degrees of menstrual pain and chronic pelvic pain measured by the Visual Analogue Scale were compared among the three groups: the dienogest, goserelin, and non‐treatment groups.

Results

No significant difference was observed in the postoperative recurrence rate between the dienogest and goserelin groups. No significant difference was found in the recurrence rate between the goserelin group and non‐treatment group; however, a significant difference was found in the recurrence rate between the dienogest group and the non‐treatment group (P = 0.027). Menstrual pain and chronic pelvic pain were significantly improved in both treatment groups. Side‐effects were markedly observed in the goserelin group as compared with the dienogest group.

Conclusion

Dienogest is available for prolonged administration of more than 6 months, so it is more useful than goserelin, which is available only for short‐term administration.
EXTENDING A SMOOTH PARAMETER MODEL TO FIRM LOCATION ANALYSES: THE CASE OF NATURAL GAS ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Brown Jason P. , Lambert Dayton M.
Published: May 2016

This paper extends recent developments in regional growth modeling that use spatial regime switching functions to a count regression model of firm location events. The smooth parameter count model (SPCM) allows for a parsimonious parameterization of locally varying coefficients while simultaneously attending to excess‐zero count events. An empirical application examines natural gas establishment growth between 2005 and 2010. The smooth parameter model appears to outperform a standard zero‐inflated count model. The SPCM may be extended to the location analysis of other industries with the identification of transition variables related to the supply or demand oriented cost structure of the sector.
Neural Correlates of Performance Monitoring During the Transition to Young Adulthood
Authors: Knežević Martina , Veroude Kim , Jolles Jelle , Krabbendam Lydia
Published: May 2016

Cognitive challenges during transition to adulthood are generally high and require particular skills, such as self‐control, performance evaluation, and behavioral adjustment for success in everyday living. However, age and sex differences in timing and efficiency of brain maturational processes in the early twenties are not well known. We used a go/no‐go paradigm and fMRI to focus on the neural processes underlying response inhibition and performance monitoring during the transition from late adolescence (aged 18–19) to young adulthood (aged 23–25). During performance monitoring, late adolescents showed more activation in right inferior frontal gyrus than young adults, while males showed more activation in left inferior parietal lobe than females. No effects of age and sex were found for response inhibition. Our findings suggest that age and sex‐related differences in neural basis of performance monitoring continue to change between late adolescence and young adulthood.
Development of a Data‐Driven Framework for Real‐Time Travel Time Prediction
Authors: Tak Sehyun , Kim Sunghoon , Oh Simon , Yeo Hwasoo
Published: May 2016

Travel time prediction is one of the most important components in Intelligent Transportation Systems implementation. Various related techniques have been developed, but the efforts for improving the applicability of long‐term prediction in a real‐time manner have been lacking. Existing methods do not fully utilize the advantages of the state‐of‐the‐art cloud system and large amount of data due to computation issues. We propose a new prediction framework for real‐time travel time services in the cloud system. A distinctive feature is that the prediction is done with the entire data of a road section to stably and accurately produce the long‐term (at least 6‐hour prediction horizon) predicted value. Another distinctive feature is that the framework uses a hierarchical pattern matching called Multilevel k‐nearest neighbor (Mk‐NN) method which is compared with the conventional k‐NN method and Nearest Historical average method. The results show that the method can more accurately and robustly predict the long‐term travel time with shorter computation time.
Fictions of Prevention: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Narratives of Responsibility
Authors: Stewart Michelle
Published: May 2016

This article starts with a question: what sociopolitical and/or sociocultural factors are flattened in prevention narratives? Focusing on the case of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and drawing on narratives and practices that argue FASD is 100% preventable—this article argues these fictions of prevention strip the very context within which a particular medical phenomenon is occurring. Focusing on legislation in Alaska and proposed amendments to the Criminal Code in Canada that target FASD, layered with interview material, the article analyzes policy and practices that could impact women's reproductive health through troublesome frameworks of cost and responsibility. The article illustrates the potentially negative impact of policies and discourses that frame FASD as 100% preventable. The article argues that overly simplistic, or purposefully simplistic, understandings of the condition serve to mask the broader structural issues that demand attention including legacies of colonialism and structural inequality. In so doing, this article illustrates the ways in which prevention practices have implications in the areas of women's reproductive health, law and policy, social justice, and welfare.
Inherited catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia due to RYR2 mutation
Authors: Watanabe Toru , Ohno Seiko , Shirai Masami , Endoh Akira , Hongo Teruaki , Ueta Ikuya , Yoshimoto Jun
Published: May 2016

We report the case of an 11‐year‐old boy who was diagnosed with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). The patient had a medical history of three episodes of syncope. The last episode was cardiac arrest while swimming. After resuscitation using automated external defibrillator, he was placed under cerebral hypothermia, examined for long QT syndrome, and underwent insertion of implantable cardioverter defibrillator. He was subsequently discharged from hospital without any adverse sequelae. The patient was diagnosed with CPVT after detection of ryanodine receptor 2 mutation. His father also carried the same mutation, although he did not have any symptoms nor did he have a history of syncope. We propose that CPVT should be included in the differential diagnosis in children with recurrent episodes of syncope.
Rapid evolutionary dynamics in a 2.8‐Mb chromosomal region containing multiple prolamin and resistance gene families in Aegilops tauschii
Authors: Dong Lingli , Huo Naxin , Wang Yi , Deal Karin , Wang Daowen , Hu Tiezhu , Dvorak Jan , Anderson Olin D. , Luo Ming‐Cheng , Gu Yong Q.
Published: May 2016

Prolamin and resistance gene families are important in wheat food use and in defense against pathogen attacks, respectively. To better understand the evolution of these multi‐gene families, the DNA sequence of a 2.8‐Mb genomic region, representing an 8.8 cM genetic interval and harboring multiple prolamin and resistance‐like gene families, was analyzed in the diploid grass Aegilops tauschii, the D‐genome donor of bread wheat. Comparison with orthologous regions from rice, Brachypodium, and sorghum showed that the Ae. tauschii region has undergone dramatic changes; it has acquired more than 80 non‐syntenic genes and only 13 ancestral genes are shared among these grass species. These non‐syntenic genes, including prolamin and resistance‐like genes, originated from various genomic regions and likely moved to their present locations via sequence evolution processes involving gene duplication and translocation. Local duplication of non‐syntenic genes contributed significantly to the expansion of gene families. Our analysis indicates that the insertion of prolamin‐related genes occurred prior to the separation of the Brachypodieae and Triticeae lineages. Unlike in Brachypodium, inserted prolamin genes have rapidly evolved and expanded to encode different classes of major seed storage proteins in Triticeae species. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that the multiple insertions of resistance‐like genes and subsequent differential expansion of each R gene family. The high frequency of non‐syntenic genes and rapid local gene evolution correlate with the high recombination rate in the 2.8‐Mb region with nine‐fold higher than the genome‐wide average. Our results demonstrate complex evolutionary dynamics in this agronomically important region of Triticeae species.
ArabidopsisCOGWHEEL1links light perception and gibberellins with seed tolerance to deterioration
Authors: Bueso Eduardo , Muñoz‐Bertomeu Jesús , Campos Francisco , Martínez Cándido , Tello Carlos , Martínez‐Almonacid Irene , Ballester Patricia , Simón‐Moya Miguel , Brunaud Veronique , Yenush Lynne , Ferrándiz Cristina , Serrano Ramón
Published: May 2016

Light is a major regulator of plant growth and development by antagonizing gibberellins (GA), and we provide evidence for a role of light perception andGAin seed coat formation and seed tolerance to deterioration. We have identified two activation‐tagging mutants ofArabidopsis thaliana,cog1‐2Dandcdf4‐1D, with improved seed tolerance to deterioration linked to increased expression ofCOG1/DOF1.5andCDF4/DOF2.3, respectively. These encode two homologousDOFtranscription factors, withCOG1most highly expressed in seeds. Improved tolerance to seed deterioration was reproduced in transgenic plants overexpressing these genes, and loss of function fromRNAinterference resulted in opposite phenotypes. Overexpressions ofCOG1andCDF4have been described to attenuate various light responses mediated by phytochromes. Accordingly, we found thatphyAandphyBmutants exhibit increased seed tolerance to deterioration. The phenotype of tolerance to deterioration conferred by gain of function ofCOG1and by loss of function of phytochromes is of maternal origin, is also observed under natural aging conditions and correlates with a seed coat with increased suberin and reduced permeability. In developing siliques of thecog1‐2Dmutant the expression of theGAbiosynthetic geneGA3OX3and levels ofGA1are higher than in the wild type. These results explain the antagonism between phytochromes andCOG1in terms of the inhibition and the activation, respectively, ofGAaction.
A Reciprocal Effects Model of Children’s Body Fat Self-Concept: Relations With Physical Self-Concept and Physical Activity
Authors: Garn Alex C. , Morin Alexandre J.S. , Martin Jeffrey , Centeio Erin , Shen Bo , Kulik Noel , Somers Cheryl , McCaughtry Nate
Published: May 2016

This study investigated a reciprocal effects model (REM) of children’s body fat self-concept and physical self-concept, and objectively measured school physical activity at different intensities. Grade four students (N = 376; M age = 9.07, SD = .61; 55% boys) from the midwest region of the United States completed measures of physical self-concept and body fat self-concept, and wore accelerometers for three consecutive school days at the beginning and end of one school year. Findings from structural equation modeling analyses did not support reciprocal effects. However, children’s body fat self-concept predicted future physical self-concept and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Multigroup analyses explored the moderating role of weight status, sex, ethnicity, and sex*ethnicity within the REM. Findings supported invariance, suggesting that the observed relations were generalizable for these children across demographic groups. Links between body fat self-concept and future physical self-concept and MVPA highlight self-enhancing effects that can promote children’s health and well-being.
Trends in vital signs and routine biomarkers in patients with sepsis during resuscitation in the emergency department: a prospective observational pilot study
Authors: Quinten Vincent M , van Meurs Matijs , ter Maaten Jan C , Ligtenberg Jack J M
Published: May 2016

Objectives

Sepsis lacks a reliable and readily available measure of disease activity. Thereby, it remains unclear how to monitor response to treatment. Research on numerous (new) biomarkers associated with sepsis provided disappointing results and little is known about changes in vital signs during sepsis resuscitation. We hypothesised that trends in vital signs together with routine biomarker levels during resuscitation might provide information about the response to treatment at a very early stage of sepsis in the emergency department (ED). We therefore explore trends in vital signs and routine biomarker levels during sepsis resuscitation in the ED.

Design

Prospective observational pilot study.

Setting

ED of a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Participants

99 Adult non-trauma patients with suspected infection and 2 or more systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria admitted to the ED.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Vital signs and biomarker levels at admittance (T0) and after 3 h in the ED (T1).

Results

In total, data of 99 patients were analysed. Of these patients, 63 presented with sepsis, 30 with severe sepsis and 6 with septic shock. All vital signs decreased, except for peripheral oxygen saturation which increased. Almost all routine biomarker levels decreased during resuscitation, except for C reactive protein, bands, potassium, troponin T and direct bilirubin which remained stable. Sodium, chloride and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide increased slightly.

Conclusions

Vital signs and biomarker levels showed descending trends during resuscitation, except for parameters directly affected by treatment modalities. Despite these trends, most patients improved clinically. Trends in vital signs and routine biomarkers might be helpful in predicting clinical course and response to treatment in patients with sepsis during early resuscitation.
Elder mistreatment in a community dwelling population: the Malaysian Elder Mistreatment Project (MAESTRO) cohort study protocol
Authors: Choo Wan Yuen , Hairi Noran Naqiah , Sooryanarayana Rajini , Yunus Raudah Mohd , Hairi Farizah Mohd , Ismail Norliana , Kandiben Shathanapriya , Mohd Ali Zainudin , Ahmad Sharifah Nor , Abdul Razak Inayah , Othman Sajaratulnisah , Tan Maw Pin , Mydin Fadzilah Hanum Mohd , Peramalah Devi , Brownell Patricia , Bulgiba Awang
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Despite being now recognised as a global health concern, there is still an inadequate amount of research into elder mistreatment, especially in low and middle-income regions. The purpose of this paper is to report on the design and methodology of a population-based cohort study on elder mistreatment among the older Malaysian population. The study aims at gathering data and evidence to estimate the prevalence and incidence of elder mistreatment, identify its individual, familial and social determinants, and quantify its health consequences.

Methods and analysis

This is a community-based prospective cohort study using randomly selected households from the national census. A multistage sampling method was employed to obtain a total of 2496 older adults living in the rural Kuala Pilah district. The study is divided into two phases: cross-sectional study (baseline), and a longitudinal follow-up study at the third and fifth years. Elder mistreatment was measured using instrument derived from the previous literature and modified Conflict Tactic Scales. Outcomes of elder mistreatment include mortality, physical function, mental health, quality of life and health utilisation. Logistic regression models are used to examine the relationship between risk factors and abuse estimates. Cox proportional hazard regression will be used to estimate risk of mortality associated with abuse. Associated annual rate of hospitalisation and health visit frequency, and reporting of abuse, will be estimated using Poisson regression.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the University of Malaya Medical Center (MEC Ref 902.2) and the Malaysian National Medical Research Register (NMRR-12-1444-11726). Written consent was obtained from all respondents prior to baseline assessment and subsequent follow-up. Findings will be disseminated to local stakeholders via forums with community leaders, and health and social welfare departments, and published in appropriate scientific journals and presented at conferences.
Seasonal availability of inoculum of the Heterobasidion root disease pathogen in central Wisconsin
Authors: Stanosz Glen R. , Smith Denise R. , Juzwik Jennifer
Published: May 2016

After deposition of airborne basidiospores, the root disease pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare Garbelotto and Otrosina infects fresh conifer stumps and spreads through root grafts or by root contact to adjacent trees. Infection can be prevented, however, by borate application. Because the need for stump protection depends on inoculum availability, spore trapping was conducted (usually biweekly) from September 2009 through December 2011 in three infested plantations of predominantly red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton) in central Wisconsin. A semiselective medium in Petri plates was exposed for 1 h in daylight at each of four locations in each plantation. After 7–10 days incubation at 20 °C, plates were examined and presence and abundance of colonies of the Spiniger asexual stage were recorded. Heterobasidion irregulare was detected on most dates during the two growing seasons, but colonies were most abundant during late summer, fall, and early winter. Relatively fewer colonies developed on medium exposed during periods of coldest winter temperatures, but colonies of the pathogen did develop frequently on medium exposed at ≤ 5 °C and occasionally on medium exposed at ≤ 0 °C. Biologically based guidelines for stump treatment require additional studies of seasonal factors influencing inoculum availability, in situ spore germination, infection, and establishment of the pathogen.
Temporal signatures of the Cherenkov light induced by extensive air showers of cosmic rays detected with the Yakutsk array
Authors: Ivanov A. A. , Timofeev L. V.
Published: May 2016

We analyze temporal characteristics of signals from the wide field-of-view (WFOV) Cherenkov telescope (CT) detecting extensive air showers (EAS) of cosmic rays (CRs) in coincidence with surface detectors of the Yakutsk array. Our aim is to reveal causal relationships between measured characteristics and physical properties of EAS.
The impact of media coverage with a piecewise transmission rate in the spread of diseases
Authors: Liu Maoxing , Zuo Lixia
Published: May 2016

A three-dimensional compartmental model with media coverage is proposed to describe the real characteristics of its impact in the spread of infectious diseases in a given region. A piecewise continuous transmission rate is introduced to describe that media coverage exhibits its effect only when the number of the infected exceeds a certain critical level. Further, it is assumed that the impact of media coverage on the contact transmission is described by an exponential decreasing factor. Stability analysis of the model shows that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is less than unity. On the other hand, when the basic reproduction number is greater than unity and media coverage impact is sufficiently small, a unique endemic equilibrium exists, which is globally asymptotically stable.
Uroplakin II Expression in Breast Carcinomas Showing Apocrine Differentiation: Putting Some Emphasis on Invasive Pleomorphic Lobular Carcinoma as a Potential Mimic of Urothelial Carcinoma at Metastatic Sites
Authors: Tajima Shogo , Koda Kenji
Published: May 2016

Uroplakin II antibody is exclusively specific for urothelial carcinoma. Nonurothelial carcinoma has not been reported to be immunoreactive for uroplakin II. In the present study, we hypothesized that breast carcinoma showing apocrine differentiation, such as invasive pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (IPLC) and apocrine carcinoma (AC), stains positive for uroplakin II. We identified 6 cases of IPLC between 2000 and 2014 by searching a computerized pathological database. We randomly selected 10 cases of each classic invasive lobular carcinoma (cILC) and AC and five cases of apocrine metaplasia (AM) that coexisted in a surgically resected breast carcinoma specimen. Immunohistochemistry was performed for uroplakin II, GATA3, CK7, CK20, and other representative markers positive for urothelial carcinoma. All cases of IPLC, AC, and AM, except those of cILC, showed immunoreactivity for uroplakin II. Poorly differentiated urothelial carcinoma sometimes shows similar morphology to IPLC with the following immunophenotype: CK7+, CK20−, GATA3+, and uroplakin II+. In the present study, this immunophenotype was observed in all the cases of IPLC and AC. Therefore, when studying metastatic, poorly differentiated carcinoma showing the aforementioned immunophenotype, we should consider the possibility of it being IPLC in addition to metastatic urothelial carcinoma.
Pleomorphic Carcinoma of the Colon: Morphological and Immunohistochemical Findings
Authors: Branca Giovanni , Barresi Valeria , Ieni Antonio , Irato Eleonora , Caruso Rosario Alberto
Published: May 2016

Pleomorphic carcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a poorly differentiated (squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma) or undifferentiated carcinoma in which at least 10% spindle and/or giant cells are identified, or as a carcinoma constituted purely of spindle and giant cells. Although this entity has initially been shown in the lung, it has been described also in extrapulmonary locations, with only one report for a colonic site. A 65-year-old woman developed a caecal tumour. Gross examination revealed an endophytic/ulcerative mass 7 cm in length. Microscopically, the tumour was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with a pleomorphic component that occupied more than 10% of the specimen. The tumour shared these histopathological findings with pulmonary giant cell carcinoma but differed in other clinicopathological features such as a pushing growth pattern, stage pT3N1, and an uneventful outcome 24 months after operation. The pleomorphic component showed morphological and immunohistochemical features compatible with mitotic catastrophe, a non-apoptotic cell death occurring in cycling cells after aberrant mitosis. These features included multinucleation, micronucleation, atypical mitoses, foci of geographic necrosis, as well as immunohistochemical overexpression of p53 and Ki-67. The interpretation of the pleomorphic component as morphological expression of mitotic catastrophe may be useful in comprehending the pathogenesis of this rare neoplasm, and it may have practical implications as a potential cancer therapeutic target.
Yugoslav Postwar Art and Socialist Realism: An Uncomfortable Relationship
Authors: Videkanić Bojana
Published: May 2016

This text examines the first official exhibition of the Yugoslav Association of Fine Artists, and the theoretical, socio-political, and institutional contexts of the Socialist Realist period in Yugoslav art (spanning roughly the years between1945 and 1954). Post-war artistic and cultural environment, the first exhibition, and critical aesthetic debates around Socialist Realism exemplify Yugoslavia's struggle to make sense of, and implement, Socialist Realism as an official artistic, cultural, and political category. Its development paralleled the state's own wrestling with notions of socialist governance and its proper implementation. Difficulties with Socialist Realist aesthetic and the ensuing paradoxes in its adaptation in Yugoslav art are at the core of the dialogs, theoretical discourses, and critical responses to the first exhibition. My analysis uses accounts and reviews of the exhibition, as well as official writings and arguments presented by the state and cultural officials to argue that Yugoslav art of the time was in fact transgressive, a hybrid of modernism and Socialist Realism. Rather than reading its hybridity as a failure, as some have argued, I read the hybridity of Yugoslav art as a space of possibilities that would have opened a new art praxis in Yugoslavia of the time.
User-Driven Techniques for the Design and Evaluation of New Musical Interfaces
Authors: El-Shimy Dalia , Cooperstock Jeremy R.
Published: May 2016

The merits of user-driven design have long been acknowledged in the field of human–computer interaction (HCI): Closely involving target users throughout the lifecyle of a project can vastly improve their experiences with the final system. Thus, it comes as no surprise that a growing number of music technology researchers are beginning to incorporate user-driven techniques into their work, particularly as a means of evaluating their designs from the perspectives of their intended users. Many, however, have faced the limitations that arise from applying the task-based, quantitative techniques typically encountered in classical HCI research to the evaluation of nonutilitarian applications. The nature of musical performance requires that designers reevaluate their definitions of user “goals,” “tasks,” and “needs.” Furthermore, within the context of performance, the importance of creativity and enjoyment naturally supersedes that of efficiency, yet these concepts are more difficult to evaluate or quantify accurately. To address these challenges, this article contributes a set of key principles for the user-driven design and evaluation of novel interactive musical systems, along with a survey of evaluation techniques offered by new directions in HCI, ludology, interactive arts, and social-science research. Our goal is to help lay the foundation for designers of new musical interfaces to begin developing and customizing their own methodologies for measuring, in a concrete and systematic fashion, those critical aspects of the user experience that are often considered too nebulous for assessment.
The morphosyntax of experience predicates in Tocharian
Authors: Viti Carlotta
Published: May 2016

This paper discusses the morphosyntactic strategies used in Tocharian to encode argument functions in simple clauses, with focus on experience predicates. This may be relevant to fill a lacuna in the literature on experience predicates, which have not been investigated in Tocharian. We shall see that experience predicates in Tocharian typically require a nominative experiencer, rather than an oblique experiencer, and that the low transitivity of the predicate is expressed by the middle voice. All this may also be of more general relevance to illustrate the interaction between case marking and verbal voice to express argument functions in languages. 

Cet article analyse les stratégies morphosyntaxiques employées en tokharien pour codifier les prédicats dits d’« expérience », par le biais de parallèles issus d’autres langues indo-européennes. Cela peut être important pour remplir un vide dans la littérature concernant ce type de verbes, qui jusqu’ici n’ont pas été analysés par rapport au tokharien. On montrera que ces prédicats demandent le cas nominatif pour le sujet qui réalise l’expérience, au lieu d’un cas oblique, et que la faible transitivité de ces prédicats est exprimée par la diathèse moyenne. De manière plus générale, tout cela pourra aussi mettre en lumière l’interaction entre les cas de la déclinaison et la diathèse verbale dans l’expression de fonctions argumentales dans les langues.
Colloquium 2 What Kind of Theory is the Theory of the Tripartite Soul?
Authors: Barney Rachel
Published: May 2016

This paper discusses two related questions about Plato’s account of the tripartite soul in the Republic and Phaedrus. One is whether we should accept the recently prominent ‘analytical’ reading of the theory, according to which the three parts of the soul are animal-like sub-agents, each with its own distinctive and autonomous package of cognitive and desiderative capacities. The other question is how far Plato’s account so interpreted resembles the findings of contemporary neuroscience, given that this also depicts the mind as complex, partitioned, subject to conflict, and only very incompletely rational. The paper sketches the analytical reading, outlines the similarities and disanologies of the theory so understood to contemporary neuropsychology, and then steps back to consider three problems with such an interpretation. None is decisive; but they raise doubts as to whether the question of the title can really be answered in the way both the analytical reading and the modern parallel presume.
Colloquium 3 Commentary on Kosman
Authors: Ambury James M.
Published: May 2016

In this commentary I offer a reply to Professor Aryeh Kosman’s stimulating discussion of the Euthyphro dilemma in his paper, “Why the Gods Love the Holy.” After a brief summary of the paper, I pose some specific questions for Professor Kosman’s interpretation and wonder generally about the notion of cause for which he argues. I suggest the language of Platonic Forms as an alternative to Professor Kosman’s approach, though I believe the two approaches can be reconciled. I conclude with some thoughts on the latter parts of the paper that deal with the relation between our judgments and objective reality.
Colloquium 4 Commentary on Nikulin
Authors: Gurtler Gary M.
Published: May 2016

If it were permitted by the editors, my comment could be titled, Plotinus: Thinker of Radical Matter. I will attempt to present Plotinus’s complex view of matter in II 4[12], which examines the nature of matter as the substrate in relation to the corporeal, with the different relation of qualitative and quantitative qualities to bodies and matter, and the consequent difference in the application of privation, ugly and evil to matter. An examination of comments about matter as the principle of evil contrary to the Good and as the cause of the weakness of the soul in I.8[51].6 & 14 do not introduce any radical change in Plotinus’s understanding of matter. Radical matter remains so precisely as formless.
Colloquium 5 Socrates and the Cyclops: Plato’s Critique of ‘Platonism’ in the Sophist and Statesman
Authors: Planinc Zdravko
Published: May 2016

The Eleatic Stranger plays a central role in all reconstructions of Plato’s “Platonism.” This paper is a study of the literary form of the Sophist and Statesman and its significance for interpreting the Eleatic’s account of the nature of philosophy. I argue that the Eleatic dialogues are best understood through a comparison with the source-texts in the Odyssey that Plato used in their composition. I show that the literary form of the Sophist is a straightforward reworking of the encounter of Odysseus and his crewmen with Polyphemus the Cyclops; and that the form of the Statesman is a somewhat more complex reworking of the narrative in which Odysseus and those loyal to him oppose Antinoös, leader of the Ithacan suitors. The comparison reveals that the Eleatic Stranger is no way Plato’s spokesman. On the contrary: by casting the Stranger in the role of Polyphemus and the Cyclopean Antinoös, Plato intends the Sophist and Statesman to be read as an explicit critique of the metaphysical and political doctrines that have since come to be identified as Platonism. In Plato’s characterization, the Eleatic Stranger is neither a philosopher nor a sophist. He is an intellectual—the sort of person who professes to be a philosopher and is often mistaken for one.
William Herschel’s Application for a Coat of Arms
Authors: Hoskin Michael
Published: May 2016

In 1816, William Herschel was appointed a knight of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order. In 1818, he applied for a coat of arms. This was because all Guelphic knights were asked to supply for display in Hanover a rectangular copper plate with their arms in coloured enamel. But this project came to nothing, and Herschel did not pursue his application. His son John was granted arms in 1838 when appointed baronet, and it is possible that the design of John’s arms was based on one of the two 1818 sketches supplied to his father.
Nanoparticles and direct immunosuppression
Authors: Ngobili Terrika A , Daniele Michael A
Published: May 2016

Targeting the immune system with nanomaterials is an intensely active area of research. Specifically, the capability to induce immunosuppression is a promising complement for drug delivery and regenerative medicine therapies. Many novel strategies for immunosuppression rely on nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for small-molecule immunosuppressive compounds. As a consequence, efforts in understanding the mechanisms in which nanoparticles directly interact with the immune system have been overshadowed. The immunological activity of nanoparticles is dependent on the physiochemical properties of the nanoparticles and its subsequent cellular internalization. As the underlying factors for these reactions are elucidated, more nanoparticles may be engineered and evaluated for inducing immunosuppression and complementing immunosuppressive drugs. This review will briefly summarize the state-of-the-art and developments in understanding how nanoparticles induce immunosuppressive responses, compare the inherent properties of nanomaterials which induce these immunological reactions, and comment on the potential for using nanomaterials to modulate and control the immune system.
Monocytes and macrophages in tissue repair: Implications for immunoregenerative biomaterial design
Authors: Ogle Molly E , Segar Claire E , Sridhar Sraeyes , Botchwey Edward A
Published: May 2016

Monocytes and macrophages play a critical role in tissue development, homeostasis, and injury repair. These innate immune cells participate in guiding vascular remodeling, stimulation of local stem and progenitor cells, and structural repair of tissues such as muscle and bone. Therefore, there is a great interest in harnessing this powerful endogenous cell source for therapeutic regeneration through immunoregenerative biomaterial engineering. These materials seek to harness specific subpopulations of monocytes/macrophages to promote repair by influencing their recruitment, positioning, differentiation, and function within a damaged tissue. Monocyte and macrophage phenotypes span a continuum of inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory or pro-regenerative cells (M2), and their heterogeneous functions are highly dependent on microenvironmental cues within the injury niche. Increasing evidence suggests that division of labor among subpopulations of monocytes and macrophages could allow for harnessing regenerative functions over inflammatory functions of myeloid cells; however, the complex balance between necessary functions of inflammatory versus regenerative myeloid cells remains to be fully elucidated. Historically, biomaterial-based therapies for promoting tissue regeneration were designed to minimize the host inflammatory response; although, recent appreciation for the roles that innate immune cells play in tissue repair and material integration has shifted this paradigm. A number of opportunities exist to exploit known signaling systems of specific populations of monocytes/macrophages to promote repair and to better understand the biological and pathological roles of myeloid cells. This review seeks to outline the characteristics of distinct populations of monocytes and macrophages, identify the role of these cells within diverse tissue injury niches, and offer design criteria for immunoregenerative biomaterials given the intrinsic inflammatory response to their implantation.