bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURAL-AND-FUNCTIONAL MODELS FOR CONSTRUCTING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGICAL MODULES OF MODERN DAIRY FARMS
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, KIRSANOV VLADIMIR V.
Published: May 2021

Establishing a standard series of digital automated robotic dairy farms of a new generation with diff erent confi gurations and capacity (25-50-100…1200…2400 goals) implies their structural typing and modular building based on the methodology of fi nite element analysis and structural-functional models, including complete modular units. The author has developed structural and functional models for building digital technological modules and modular units of modern automated and robotic dairy farms of a new generation. Modular structural and functional units are proposed. They include passive accumulative and regulating modules of inanimate (material, technological) and animate biological fl ows (animals), active machine-technological modules for moving and transforming material technological and production fl ows to/from animals,information and analytical modules for rapid assessment of the quality of production fl ows, systems for receiving, transmitting, processing and storing information fl ows (signals) received from machine-technological modules (milking, feeding, manure removal, etc.) and from animal sensors. The author analyzed and obtained formalized structural and functional models of digital modular units: automated and robotic milking parlors, automated and robotic animal feeding systems, automated systems for diff erentiated microclimate provision, energy-saving aerobic and (or anaerobic) modules for manure processing as complete structures, including space-planning accumulative-regulating technological modules of the passive type and machine-technological modules of the active type to move and transform material technological fl ows, as well as carry out express diagnostics of their quality and storage of information fl ows. The implementation of the developed structural and functional models of digital technological modules and modular units will provide for designing new projects of digital automated and robotic dairy farms of a new generation with increased functionality and adaptive functions to be applied to biological objects.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Voice Behavior in the Relationship Between Proactive Personality and Job Performance
Authors: BOZDOĞAN Süleyman Cem
Published: May 2021

This study aims to evaluate the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior on the impact of proactive personality on job performance as well as the mediating impact of employee voice behavior on the effect of proactive personality on organizational citizenship behavior. The statistical population of this study included 447 private hospital employees. Data was analyzed by structural equation method using SPSS AMOS program. The mediation functions were calculated using a process macro. As a result of the study, it was discovered that proactive personality has a positive effect on job performance, with organizational citizenship actions acting as a mediating factor. In addition, it has been found that proactive personality has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior and in this relationship employee voice behavior has a mediating role.
Restoran İşletmelerinin Menülerindeki Yöresel Yemekleri İnceleyen Yerli Yazın Üzerine Bir Meta Sentez Çalışması
Authors: NEBİOĞLU Oğuz
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de yöresel yemeklerin restoranlarda sunumunu şehirler bazında ele alan araştırmaların bulgularını yeniden yorumlayarak bütüncül çıkarımlarda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma verileri, Türkiye’nin çeşitli şehirlerindeki restoranlarda yöresel yemekleri inceleyen on dört araştırmadan toplanmıştır. Bu araştırmalar meta sentez yöntemi ile ele alınmış ve veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgulara göre yöresel mutfak ve turizm ilişkisi sürdürülebilirlik, pazarlama aracı olma ve deneyim aracı olma şeklinde üç boyutta ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yöresel yemeklere restoranlarında çoğunlukla yer veren şehirler Gaziantep, Mersin, Adana ve Bolu’dur. Araştırma kapsamında incelenen diğer şehir restoranlarında yöresel yemeklere çok fazla yer verilmediği görülmektedir. Yöresel yemeklerin restoranlarda sunulmasında hem üretim hem de tüketime bağlı faktörlerin etkili olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Araştırmalar çoğunlukla yöresel yemeklerin yaşatılması ve yaygınlaştırılması üzerine öneriler sunmaktadır. Son olarak tüm bulgular üzerinden bir tartışma yürütülmüş, teorik ve pratik çıkarımlar sunulmuştur.
MENTAL CONSTRUCT “MEANDER” AS A UNIVERSAL PROTOTYPICAL SYMBOL IN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Ukraine, Amichba Dimona
Published: May 2021

In this article, the mental construct "meander" is described from the standpoint of cognitive science and the theory of sign systems, it is considered as a universal prototypical symbol in language and culture. "Meander" is qualified as a deep sign, the mental fields of which are actualized by universal metaphorically structured images. Being an ambivalent "universal" Word, the "meander" in its deep structuring is objectified by mental fields of both positive and negative connotations. Based on the well-known position of Yu. S. Stepanov, according to which language as a construct and it consists of a core, social and mental shells, we were able to not only analyze and describe, but also to show the deep nature and potential capabilities of the prototypical symbol of the "meander". No less important for this work is the thesis that language is "a system capable of generating an infinite number of texts". "Meander" is characterized by a complex system of symbols, in which each element carries deep meanings and senses. Understanding the complexity of the prototypical symbol system, it should be noted that the study of such a scientific object as a "meander" should not be limited only from the position of linguistic disciplines. At the same time, "Meander" is attributed to both a stereotype and a prototypical symbol, since both concepts are associated with the content side of language and culture, that is, they are understood as mental constructs that correlate with the picture of the world. The purpose of this article is to describe the multi-component mental construct "meander" from the point of view of its deep structuring. “Meander” as a “stereotype” and a prototypical symbol incorporates the meanings of language and culture, and therefore is understood as a mental construct that adequately reflects the linguistic image of the world. "Stereotypes" and "prototypical symbols", to which we also refer the mental construct "meander", are transmitted by cognitive mechanisms, and, accordingly, are verbalized by one or another sense and meaning. Since the "meander" is a deep abstract prototypical symbol, it is able not only to combine many similar forms of the same object, but also to structure abstract connotative images that are categorized at a deep level. And in this sense, "Meander" is considered by us both as a prototypical symbol, and as a stereotype, and as a pattern, since it is structured according to a model that is often repeated. The results of the analysis showed that the universal, "common human" symbol "meander" is a deeply structured mental construction objectified by meanings and meanings in languages and cultures.
THE INFLUENCE OF SEMANTIC AND SYNTAXIC HOMONYMY ON THE PROCESS OF SPEECH PERCEPTION
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Ukraine, Votintseva Marina , Shkurko Оlena ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

Ambiguity is one of fundamental properties of any language. The emergence of polysemy is connected with the result of the natural language development and the conditions for its functioning as a means of communication. Existing at various linguistic levels: lexical, grammatical, syntactic, homonymy can be the basis of ambiguity. Lexical and grammatical homonyms appearing in the process of the his-torical development of the language reduce the number of linguistic forms, give the expressiveness to the utterance and can be the basis for creating texts based on a play on words. However, semantic homonymy can make it difficult to understand state-ments, especially when translating jokes into another language. Recreating a pun, translators can make typical mistakes reproducing literally the semantics of the core elements, then it can lead to a violation of the norms of the target language, and the creation of texts that are beyond the understanding of the recipients. The ambiguity arising at the syntactic level is the implementation of such a non-standard connection of words in a sentence as a two-way communication, in which a word or phrase is subordinate not to one, but several dominants simultane-ously. This type of homonymy is presented in two varieties of homonyms: structural homonyms, which, being subordinate to any of several possible dominants, not only do not change the meaning of the utterance, but also give the speech more expressiveness, and syntactic homonyms, which make the addressee choose one of several possible meanings of the utterance. It is this kind of syntactic homonymy that is a negative phenomenon that impedes the process of communication, and, therefore, in need of elimination. This article examines the influence of syntactic and semantic homonymy on the process of speech perception. The paper points out the positive and negative as-pects of semantic ambiguity that affects the understanding of statements when creat-ing puns and translating them from Russian into English, examines the reasons for the emergence of syntactic homonyms in the Russian language, proves the patterns functionality of the text initial perception based on the rules of semantic combination of words.
Медиапредставления об инвалидности: новые подходы к исследованию темы
Authors:   МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, факультет журналистики, Истомина Ксения Дмитриевна
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются современные подходы к медиапрезентации проблем людей с инвалидностью. Представлены исследовательские перспективы нового обращения к теме. Показано, что на фоне интереса к проблематике социальной инклюзии необходимо обратиться к особенностям отдельных групп людей с ОВЗ, в частности к своеобразию потребностей людей с нарушениями слуха. В статье представлены статистические, документированные и теоретические источники, которые планируется использовать в качестве базовой основы эмпирического исследования
Кибербуллинг журналистов: формы и особенности
Authors:   МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, факультет журналистики, Щедрина Арина Руслановна
Published: May 2021

В статье представлен анализ феномена кибербуллинга, направленного на журналистов. С онлайн-травлей с каждым годом сталкивается все больше пользователей, и журналисты не исключение. В силу специфики своей работы они являются привлекательным объектом для агрессоров в Сети. Анонимный опрос российских журналистов показал, что 42% респондентов сталкивались с кибербуллингом, а наиболее распространенными формами онлайн-травли журналистов стали флейминг, клевета, систематический троллинг и киберсталкинг.
Функционально-ролевые особенности деятельности журналистов в контексте реализации социальных проектов (на материале местных СМИ)
Authors:   МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, факультет журналистики, Гатилин Александр Сергеевич
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматривается практика реализации СМИ социальных проектов. Журналисты выступают в качестве медиаторов, модераторов, организаторов коммуникативной деятельности, направленной на решение социальных проблем местных сообществ. На материале 126 социальных проектов российских региональных и муниципальных СМИ представлены результаты анализа функционально-ролевых особенностей профессиональной журналистской деятельности. По результатам исследования ставится вопрос о необходимости актуализации профильных профессиональных стандартов и учебных курсов.
Effects of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes on Circadian Rhythm and Sleep
Authors: Jo Hyunjin , Park Hea Ree , Choi Su Jung , Lee Soo-Youn , Kim Seog Ju , Joo Eun Yeon
Published: May 2021

Objective Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) emit less blue light than traditional light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and we previously found that early-night OLED light exposure (LE) delays the melatonin phase by less than LED at a color temperature of 4,000 K. As a follow-up study, we investigated the effects of OLED and LED at a different color temperature (3,000 K) on melatonin profile, sleep, and vigilance.Methods 24 healthy subjects (27.5±5.1 years) were exposed to three light conditions [OLED, LED, and dim light (DL)] from 17:30 to 24:00, in a random order and with a 1-week interval. Saliva samples for melatonin were taken every hour from 18:00 to 24:00. Polysomnography (PSG) and a psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) were performed.Results Melatonin onset time was significantly delayed under OLED and LED compared with DL, with no significant difference between OLED and LED. The mean melatonin level at 24:00 under LED was lower than that under DL, but there was no significant difference between OLED LE and DL. The percentage of slow wave sleep (N3) in LED was significantly lower than in OLED.Conclusion Exposure to light in the evening can suppress melatonin secretion late at night and disturb deep sleep, and those effects are slightly worse under LED than OLED.
Sistem Pengiriman Data Suhu Dan Gambar Berbasis IoT
Authors: Pertiwi Nadia , Firdaus Ahmad Riyad
Published: May 2021

Pengiriman data suhu dan gambar merupakan faktor penting dalam suatu proses kerja alat yang sedang beroperasi. Salah satu metode pengirimannya adalah dengan sistem online. Pada pengiriman data suhu dan gambar perlu diperhatikan juga kebutuhan software maupun hardware sehingga bisa dilakukan pengontrolan secara otomatis untuk mencegah terjadinya ketinggalan informasi. Sebelum dilakukannya pengontrolan, perlu diketahui karakteristik suhu lingkungan dan camera yang digunakan pada area alat tersebut.

Oleh karena itu, pengujian ini bertujuan merancang sistem pengiriman data suhu dan gambar secara otomatis. Untuk mendapatkan hasil data dan gambar yang sesuai, alat tersebut menggunakan sensor suhu DS18B20 dan Modul Camera Raspberry Pi berbasis Internet Of Thing (IoT). Data sensor dan hasil gambar diolah menggunakan Raspberry Pi Model B kemudian dikirim melalui e-mail melalui jaringan internet dan realtime database sehingga dapat diakses dimanapaun dan kapanpun.

Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan kalibrasi dan validasi pembacaan sensor suhu DS18B20 pada saat pengambilan data suhu. Hasil pengujian sensor selisih pembacaan suhu antara sensor dengan termometer sebesar 0,6. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa data sensor dan gambar dapat terkirim secara realtime pada e-mail menggunakan jaringan internet dengan delay rata-rata sebesar 2 detik.

Kata Kunci: Sensor Suhu DS18B20, Modul Camera Raspberry Pi, Raspberry Pi
DAMPAK BRAND IMAGE SERTIFIKASI HALAL PRODUK SAMYANG TERHADAP SIKAP KONSUMEN
Authors: Ayuningtyas Fitria , Irawatie Aniek , Kurnia Oktahara Tri
Published: May 2021

Marketing is an activity that is very important for a company to achieve its goals. Now that many competitors have similar products, companies must be able to determine the right strategy so that the company can continue to develop along with time. This study aims to determine how much are the impact of Samyang halal certificate products brand image on consumer attitudes. The concepts or theories that are relevant in this study include Stimulus-Organism-Response, Brand Image, and Consumer Attitudes. This research was conducted using a quantitative research approach. The research method used was a survey. The population of this research is ARMY ELS Medan, North Sumatra with 114 respondents. The sampling technique in this study used a saturated sampling method. The results of this study indicate that the correlation of variable X with variable Y is 0.754, this value means that it has a strong relationship because it is located between 0.600 - 0.799. Based on the calculation of the coefficient of determination, it is found that the effect of variable X on variable Y is 56.8%. Thus, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a significant influence between the brand images of the Samyang halal certificate on consumer attitudes.
E-Filing Implementation, Tax Compliance, and Technology Authority
Authors: Qadri Resi Ariyasa , Darmawan Emanuel Eko
Published: May 2021

The study explicates how the real picture of the implementation of E-Filing at the mezzo level is, how far E-Filing utilization influences the level of compliance of WP OP in KPP, and how wide the gap is between taxpayer’s technology authority and E-Filling implementation. The research employed the case study qualitative research framework using the five-step model. The data collected were gathered from interviews with four informants, the tax office’s internal documents, and observation at the office. Those data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The research findings indicate that individual taxpayers in rural areas in Indonesia are not technologically literate. Therefore, the implementation of an electronic income tax report program is mostly ineffective because most of the taxpayers are still submitting their income tax reports manually to the tax office. Nevertheless, The E-filing program is proven to increase the compliance level of the taxpayers. To increase the E-Filling literacy is to improve the technology authority of the taxpayers by holding more seminars on how to have out the E-Filling.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI KEMUDAHAN DAN PERSEPSI MANFAAT TERHADAP SIKAP PENGUNAAN E-WALLET DI KOTA BANDUNG 2020
Authors: Kusuma Aldo Putra , Syahputra Syahputra
Published: May 2021

Abstrak

Penelitian ini didasari dari latar belakang fenomena terkait. Dengan E-Wallet konsumen bisa melakukan hal seperti mentransfer uang ke rekening bank yang diinginkan ataupun ke sesama E-Wallet. Konsumen juga bebas melakukan pembayaran atas pembelian yang dilakukan kapanpun dan dimanapun. Penelitian kali ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemudahan dan manfaat yang dirasakan dari penggunaan E-Wallet tersebut dengan menggunakan model TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) untuk membahas sebuah sistem atau teknologi dengan objek E-Wallet. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian analisis regresi linier berganda. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode non probability sampling jenis purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada analisis deskriptif, masing – masing variable menempati kategori sangat baik yang artinya semua pernyataan sangat dimengerti oleh responden. Pada hasil uji t dan uji F variable Persepsi Kemudahan (X1) dan Persepsi Manfaat (X2) terhadap Sikap Penggunaan (Y) memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa variable X1 dan X2 berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variable Y secara parsial maupun simultan. Dan 45,2% sikap penggunaan dipengaruhi oleh persepsi kemudahan dan persepsi manfaat, 54,8% di pengaruhi oleh faktor lain.

Kata Kunci: Persepsi Kemudahan, Persepsi Manfaat, Sikap Penggunaan, TAM (Technology Acceptance Model), E-Wallet
Keran Air Plug-in Otomatis
Authors: Romadhan Muhammad Rizki , Jefiza Adlian , Arifin Muhammad , Suciningtyas Ika Karlina Laila Nur
Published: May 2021

alah satu upaya dalam penghematan air adalah dengan menggunakan air sehemat mungkin. Upaya tersebut dapat di lakukan dengan memanfaatkan sistem keran air otomatis. Keran akan menutup secara otomatis saat tidak diperlukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat keran dengan sistem otomatis yang dapat menyala/mati sesuai dengan ada/tidaknya objek. Keran otomatis ini dibuat dengan menggunakan modul sensor infared (IR) untuk mendeteksi objek berupa tangan manusia. Pemrosesan data dilakukan menggunakan mikrokontroler Atmega328P. Motor servo MG996R digunakan untuk memutar katup pada ball valve yang terdapat di dalam pipa Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) berdiameter ½ inci sehingga aliran air dapat dibuat on/off. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa keran otomatis ini dapat bekerja dengan baik dengan rentang penginderaan sensor 0 cm s.d 10 cm. Daya yang digunakan adalah 0.73072 W (pada saat stand-by) dan 0.712776 W (pada saat keran berputar). Tekanan minimum yang dibutuhkan adalah 0 Pa (Air tetap dapat mengalir walaupun tanpa adanya tekanan).
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, WHISTLE BLOWING POLICY DAN EARNINGS MANAGEMENT PADA PERUSAHAAN JASA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hapsari Dian Indriana
Published: May 2021

Corporate Governance mechanisms are not able to effectively mitigate Earnings Management. Whistleblowing Policy can play a role in carrying out effective functional governance so that it is expected to be able to reduce Earnings Management activities significantly. This study aims to examine whether the corporate governance mechanism in a company that implements Whistleblowing Policy is more effective in limiting Earnings Management than companies that do not implement Whistleblowing Policy. The study method used is descriptive-associative. The sample in this study was manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. This research results in findings that the Corporate Governance mechanism is more effective in companies that have a Whistleblowing Policy than companies that do not have a Whistleblowing Policy. The flow of information before the Whistleblowing Policy occurs a significant effect. Likewise, company size and leverage also have a substantial impact on Earnings Management. Meanwhile, there is no effect on the number of independent commissioners on Earnings Management.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING - AUDIT KEPATUHAN
Authors: Irsutami Irsutami , Irianto Danar , Ikhlash Muhammad , Riadi Sugeng
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan materi audit kepatuhan pada mata kuliah auditing. Sejalan dengan industry 4.0 dan merdeka belajar, maka pembelajaran materi ini sangat tepat jika menggunakan Project Based Learning (PBL), di mana mahasiswa akan berkunjung ke perusahaan atau instansi untuk melihat tingkat kepatuhan karyawan/pegawai terhadap peraturan yang ditetapkan. Adanya keterlibatan beberapa pihak (auditee) di dalam dan atau di luar kampus adalah hal yang melatarbelakangi diajukannya penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan suatu model pembelajaran melalui project-based learning untuk materi audit kepatuhan. Hasil penelitian akan berguna bagi dosen yang menerapkan metode PBL untuk materi audit kepatuhan. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah wawancara kepada akademisi dan praktisi audit atau auditor yang berasal dari BPKP, BPK RI, dan Satuan Pengawasan Internal Perguruan Tinggi di mana wawancara dilakukan melalui kuisioner yang dibagikan secara langsung, metode lainnya adalah studi pustaka. Desain penelitian adalah survei dengan metode analisis adalah interaktif. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah suatu model pembelajaran dengan metode PBL yang dapat menjadi referensi para pengajar mata kuliah Auditing.
Dual-channel tracking monopulse antenna using TM01-mode.
Authors:   Institute of Precise Constructions, Dekabristov str., 51, Moscow 127490, Russia, Vnotchenko S.L. , Konev V.G. ,   Institute of Precise Constructions, Dekabristov str., 51, Moscow 127490, Russia, Lavretski E.I. ,   Institute of Precise Constructions, Dekabristov str., 51, Moscow 127490, Russia, Chernyshov V.S. ,   Institute of Precise Constructions, Dekabristov str., 51, Moscow 127490, Russia
Published: May 2021

Calculation of cross-couplings between the tracking system axes in TM01-mode monopulse antenna with respect to ellipticity coefficients of a receiving antenna and the incident field is performed. Pointing correction paths are given for diverse values of ellipticity coefficients and angular directions of the incident wave. Acceptable values of ellipticity coefficients for the robust performance of tracking system are determined.
Measurement of attention based on physical activity levels of secondary school students
Authors:   Physical Education and Sport Department, Sport Science Faculty, Uludag University, 16000 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey, Korkmaz Nimet Haşıl
Published: May 2021

The goal of this study is to investigate whether or not the attention level of middle school students’ changes depends on their physical activity. Fourty middle-school students who have been taking education in Yalova province joined the study as a volunteer. Fifty percent of the participants are male and the others are female. The experimental and the control groups have been formed and each of these groups consisted of 10 male and 10 female students. International physical activity questionnaire short form and Burdon concentration test were used as the information gathering instruments. To compare the experimental groups with the control groups, a T-test was used for independent groups. To compare one to another participant in each group, also T-test was used for dependent groups. Using the international physical activity questionnaire short form, preliminary and final tests were applied to each participant. According to the results of the questionnaire, weekly MET values of each participant were calculated. At the beginning of the study, the Burdon concentration test applied to each participant. Our study has finished in eight weeks. The physical activity levels of the control group were kept constant and no information was given. Twenty pieces of Xiaomi-mi-band-3 smart bracelets were supplied to the experimental group and they were informed about the features of these devices. At the end of 8 weeks period, the international physical activity questionnaire short form and Burdon concentration test were applied to each participant again. According to the physical activity levels of the control group, no significant difference has been found between the results of the Burdon concentration test (p > 0.05). But according to the physical activity levels of the experimental group, a significant difference has been found between the results of the Burdon concentration test (p < 0.05). As a result, it has been observed that an increase in levels of physical activity provides an increase in concentration. In conclusion, it is seen that many students and young people have low levels of physical activity due to both lifestyle and virtual world dependence. Although there are many factors, the decrease in physical activity causes low levels of attention. The better the attention levels of our students and young people, the more successful they will be in their lives. Our study and most of the mentioned studies reveal that attention is a developable skill and a situational factor that is open to influence. Therefore, attention development in children who are directed to recreational activities should be emphasized, especially during periods of rapid physical growth. If we want our students and young people to be more successful, they should be encouraged and supported more about physical activity.
From Producing to Reducing Trauma: A Call for “Trauma-Informed” Research(ers) to Interrogate How Schools Harm Students
Authors: Petrone Robert , Stanton Christine Rogers
Published: May 2021

Although “trauma-informed education” has gained momentum across the United States in recent years, a question remains neglected by the research community: How can education research inform understandings of “trauma-informed” approaches when education itself is trauma-producing for many students? This article (1) explores limitations of traumainformed educational scholarship, particularly its reliance on individualized, biomedical understandings of trauma; (2) articulates theoretical reconceptualizations for subsequent research to account for historical trauma and ways schools and research inflict harm on students; and (3) calls for expansion of relational, participatory, and humanizing methodologies. Overall, we argue for a shift from research that focuses on “trauma-informed education” to scholarship that enacts a sociohistorical trauma-reducing framework to more effectively interrogate the intersections of trauma, schooling, and research.
Teachers Learning to Implement Equitable Classroom Talk
Authors: Jensen Bryant , Valdés Guadalupe , Gallimore Ronald
Published: May 2021

Language in education for children and youth from low-income communities of color, including those learning English as an additional language, has been fraught for decades with ideological entanglements, conceptual ambiguities, and empirical limitations. Meanwhile, the teacher learning challenge to implement equitable teaching practices remains largely unresolved. With an eye toward improving equitable classroom talk (ECT)—that is, meaningful participation in disciplinary practices through communal and connected language interactions—for all students from minoritized communities, we integrate research on additional language development, disciplinary practices, sociocultural classroom interactions, and teacher learning. We recommend researcher-educator collaborations (a) develop indicators of ECT, (b) use lesson videos to make ECT visible, and (c) develop and test materials to support and scale teacher learning to enact ECT.
Abraham Flexner’s Lasting Effects on Medical Education in the United States and Canada
Authors: Schiavo Julie
Published: May 2021

In 1910, a document produced by an American educator changed the course of medical education ushering in a new philosophy based on the scientific method, active learning, and competency-based education. Abraham Flexner’s report, Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, was a groundbreaking study undertaken to improve the quality of medical education and ensure capable, competent physicians and surgeons in the United States and Canada. However, the Flexner Report was not without consequences, both intended and unintended. A large majority of schools examined by Flexner did not meet the standards by which he judged them. Nearly half of the schools in the report closed; most of those were programs dedicated to medical education for African Americans, women, and working-class students changing the demographics of the medical profession in ways that it has only recently begun to remedy.
Access to meaning from visual input: Object and word frequency effects in categorization behavior.
Authors: Gregorova Klara , Turini Jacopo , Gagl Benjamin , Vo Melissa L.-H.
Published: May 2021

Object and word recognition are both cognitive processes that transform visual input into meaning. When reading words, the frequency of their occurrence ("word frequency", WF) strongly modulates access to their meaning, as seen in recognition performance. Does the frequency of objects in our world also affect access to their meaning? With object labels available in real-world image datasets, one can now estimate the frequency of occurrence of objects in scenes ("object frequency", OF). We explored frequency effects in word and object recognition behavior by employing a natural vs. man-made categorization task (Experiment 1) and a matching-mismatching priming task (Experiment 2-3). In Experiment 1, we found a WF effect for both words and objects but no OF effect. In Experiment 2, we replicated the WF effect for both stimulus types during Cross-modal Priming but not during Uni-modal Priming. Moreover, in Cross-modal Priming, we also found an OF effect for both objects and words, but with faster responses when objects occur less frequently in image datasets. We replicated this counterintuitive OF effect in Experiment 3 and suggest that better recognition of rare objects might interact with the structure of object categories: While access to the meaning of objects and words is faster when their meaning often occurs in our language, the homogeneity of object categories seems to also impact object recognition, particularly when semantically processing contextual information. These findings have major implications for studies wanting to include frequency measures into their investigations of access to meaning from visual inputs.
Putting Variation into Variance: Modeling Between-Study Heterogeneity in Meta-Analysis
Authors: Williams Donald Ray , Rodriguez Josue E. , Bürkner Paul - Christian
Published: May 2021

We shed much needed light upon a critical assumption that is oft-overlooked---or not considered at all---in random-effects meta-analysis.Namely, that between-study variance is constant across \emph{all} studies which implies they are from the \emph{same} population. Yet it is not hard to imagine a situation where there are several and not merely one population of studies, perhaps differing in their between-study variance (i.e., heteroskedasticity). The objective is to then make inference, given that there are variations in heterogeneity. There is an immediate problem, however, in that modeling heterogeneous variance components is not straightforward to do in a general way. To this end, we propose novel methodology, termed Bayesian location-scale meta-analysis, that can accommodate moderators for both the overall effect (location) and the between-study variance (scale). After introducing the model, we then extend heterogeneity statistics, prediction intervals, and hierarchical shrinkage, all of which customarily assume constant heterogeneity, to include variations therein. With these new tools in hand, we go to work demonstrating that quite literally \emph{everything} changes when between-study variance is not constant across studies. The changes were not small and easily passed the interocular trauma test---the importance hits right between the eyes. Such examples include (but are not limited to) inference on the overall effect, a compromised predictive distribution, and improper shrinkage of the study-specific effects. Further, we provide an illustrative example where heterogeneity was not considered a mere nuisance to show that modeling variance for its own sake can provide unique inferences, in this case into discrimination across nine countries. The discussion includes several ideas for future research. We have implemented the proposed methodology in the {\tt R} package \textbf{blsmeta}.
Good theories in need of better data: Combining clinical and social psychological approaches to study the mechanisms linking relationships and health
Authors: Farrell Allison K. , Stanton Sarah C. E. , Sbarra David
Published: May 2021

The study of intimate relationships and health is a fast-growing discipline with numerous well-developed theories, many of which outline specific interpersonal behaviors and psychological pathways that may give rise to good or poor health. The central argument of this review paper is that the study of relationships and health can move toward interrogating these mechanisms with greater precision and detail, but doing so will require a shift in the nature of commonly used research methods in this area. Accordingly, our review draws heavily on recent work on the science of behavior change and discusses six key methodologies that may galvanize the mechanistic study of relationships and health: dismantling studies, factorial studies, experimental therapeutics, experimental mediation research, multiple assessments, and recursive modelling. We provide empirical examples for each strategy and outline new ways in which a given approach may be used to study the mechanisms linking intimate relationships and health. The paper concludes with a discussion of the key challenges and limitations for using these research strategies as well as novel ideas about how to integrate this work into existing paradigms within the field.
A Highly Replicable Decline in Mood During Rest and Simple Tasks
Authors: Jangraw David , Keren Hanna , Sun Haorui , Bedder Rachel L , Rutledge Robb , Pereira Francisco , Thomas Adam G , Pine Daniel , Zheng Charles , Nielson Dylan M , Stringaris Argyris
Published: May 2021

Does our mood change as time passes? This question is central to behavioural and affective science, yet it remains largely unexamined. To investigate, we intermixed subjective momentary mood ratings into repetitive psychology paradigms. We demonstrate that task and rest periods lowered participants' mood, an effect we call "Mood Drift Over Time." This finding was replicated in 19 cohorts totaling 28,482 adult and adolescent participants. The drift was relatively large (-13.8% after 7.3 minutes of rest, Cohen's d=0.574) and was consistent across cohorts. Behaviour was also impacted: participants were less likely to gamble in a task that followed a rest period. Importantly, the drift slope was inversely related to reward sensitivity. We show that accounting for time using a linear term significantly improves the fit of a computational model of mood. Our work provides conceptual and methodological reasons for researchers to account for time's effects when studying mood and behaviour.
Customer Relationship Management Information System in Medika Lestari Hospitals
Authors: Tugiman Tugiman , Basri Amat , Daniawan Benny
Published: May 2021

Marketing strategies based on efforts to create relationships between companies and customers are better known as Customer Relationship Management (CRM). CRM is a corporate strategy used to pamper customers so they don't look away. This study wants to find out and improve relations between hospitals and patients. Besides that, by building this system, can it affect customer / patient satisfaction. The quality of information systems is measured using the ISO 9126 model by adapting four characteristics of software quality: Functionality, Reliability, Usability, and Efficiency. The system development method uses the Rapid Application Development (RAD) model. Researchers will conduct system analysis and design using the Unified Model Language (UML), then coding with the PHP programming language and MySQL database, as well as collecting data using a questionnaire, and testing the system using the Blackbox Testing model. Based on testing using ISO 9126 the results are functionality (83%), Reliability (86%), Usability (87%), and Efficiency (83%). Overall the results are 85% (very good).
Predictors of inadequate bowel preparation using two liters of polyethylene glycol for colonoscopy
Authors: Parajuli Anuj , KC Niranjan
Published: May 2021

Background: Inadequate bowel preparation can result in missed pathological lesions and cancellation of procedures thereby increasing the cost and delay in the diagnosis.

Objectives: Thes aim of the study was to identify the potential predictors of inadequate bowel preparation using 2 liters of polyethylene glycol solution.

Methodology: A prospective study was done, which included 138 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy over a period of 6 months. Patient’s demographics, medical history, and preparation quality were collected and compared. Factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation were identified by univariate statistics and multivariate logistical regression analysis.

Results: Out of 138 colonoscopy procedure, 119 (86.2%) preparations were adequate and 19 (13.8%) were inadequate. The mean age of the patient was 52.62 (SD ±10.51) years. Out of which, 82 (59.4%) were male and 56 (40.6%) were female. In the multivariate regression analysis, constipation [adjusted OR 8.55, 95% CI 1.79-41.67] and non-compliance [adjusted OR 58.82, 95% CI 5.99-500] were independently associated with inadequate bowel preparation.

Conclusion: Constipation, non-compliance, overweight, neurological disorders like stroke, dementia and age >60 years were associated with inadequate bowel preparation. Early identification of patients with a high risk of inadequate preparation can be salvaged with change in bowel cleaning strategy.
Formation of Highly Corrosion Resistant Alloys using Laser Surface Alloying
Authors: Sridhar K. , Deshmukh M.B. , Khanna A.S.
Published: May 2021

Stainless steels such as AISI Type 304 SS are being used for seawater piping applications due to their desirable mechanical properties and good weldability. However, they are susceptible to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride bearing environments. Thus a new generation of highly alloyed stainless steels such as Avesta 254 SMO with high molybdenum contents has been developed for improved localised corrosion resistance in seawater. These steels are also susceptible to the formation of undesirable secondary phases such as sigma and chi which degrades both mechanical and corrosion properties. Alternatively, the main alloying element can be surface alloyed onto the surface of a suitable substrate by laser surface alloying. In this paper, austenitic stainless steel surface alloys of varying molybdenum contents have been formed on 304 SS by laser surface alloying and characterised by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion behaviour was ascertained by electrochemical and immersion tests.
Oxidation Properties of NIAI Intermetallic Coatings Prepared by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Thermal Spraying
Authors: Hearley J.A. , Little J.A. , Sturgeon A.J.
Published: May 2021

A reaction-formed NiAl intermetallic compound (IMC) powder has been deposited as a coating onto low carbon steel test coupons by the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) process using both gaseous and liquid fuels. The microstructure of this coating has been examined using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction and was found to depend on spraying conditions. Oxidation tests on the coating in air, between the temperatures of 800°C-1200°C, revealed that an α-alumina (Al2O3) scale formed on the coating's surface. At 1200°C, a nickel spinel (NiO/NiAl2O4) and haematite (Fe2O3) phases were observed. Diffusion studies were performed to calculate an activation energy for iron ion diffusion in NiAl.
APS and HVOF Coatings Alternative to Hard Chromium, A Tribological Approach
Authors: J.P. Duhamel , Y.M. Chen , Reby J. , Nestler M.
Published: May 2021

The use of thermal spraying processes as an alternative to industrial chromium plating has significantly increased in the past years. Advanced processes, such as APS and HVOF, have proven their efficiency with thick coating in chromium plating replacement, with cost advantage for coatings thicker than 5/10 mm. This article is the synthesis of different trials made with plasma and HVOF coatings. It includes the selection of materials for trial; a description of trial's equipment; friction and wear results; properties and metallography; and the cost comparison of plasma spraying and HVOF with other processes. It has been shown that thermal spray coatings, both APS and HVOF, can be used as chromium plating alternatives, with advantages in terms of wear resistance.
Microstructural Evaluations of the Plasma Transferred Arc Coated Layers on the Hardness, Wear Resistance, and Corrosion for the Hardfacing of Ni- and Co-Based Alloys
Authors: Kim H.-J. , Kim Y.J.
Published: May 2021

Commercially available coating techniques such as "open arc" and "spray & fuse" methods were used to compare the microstructural development with the plasma transferred arc (PTA) coating process for the hardfacing of NiCrBSi and Stellite 6 alloys. Denser eutectic structure was observed in the case of PTA coated layers of the Stellite 6 alloys than those of open arc weld-surfacing process. The shape of both carbides and borides in the 16C alloy coated by PTA processing were also obtained to have coarse morphology of carbides and borides while the "spray & fused" layers show a needle shape with finer distributions. Possible thermal history during each coating process is discussed. Based on microstructural observation, the hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion behaviors are reported. As expected, the alloy properties are directly related to their constituents of microstructure.
Slurry and Dry Erosion of High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Thermal Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Arsenault B. , Legoux J.G. , Immarigeon J.P. , Parameswaran V.R. , Hawthorne H.
Published: May 2021

Improvement of the high velocity oxy-fuel deposition (HVOF) process in the last decade has led to coatings with significant improved microstructures for better protection against wear and corrosion. HVOF coatings of cermet and metallic materials provide protection against erosion and are therefore good alternatives to the use of high-priced material. This paper presents the results of a study undertaken within the core research program of the National Research Council of Canada technology group in surface engineering, "SURFTEC", in which the performance of ten HVOF erosion-resistant coatings were evaluated under both dry and slurry erosion. Ten different types of HVOF coatings were studied including: six grades of WC with either Co or a Ni based matrix, one grade of Cr3C2 in a Ni-Cr matrix, and three grades of metallic alloy: Ni alloy, Co alloy and a SS 316-L. Coatings performance was evaluated with respect to the volume ratio and composition of metallic binder in carbide coatings, type of carbide, coating microstructure, impinging angle and the size of the erodent particles. All coatings were produced using the HVOF IP5000 system controlled by the Hawcs-II controller. Slurry jet erosion tests were conducted using a 10 %w/w alumina particle/water slurry. Two alumina particle sizes, 320 and 80 grit (nominal grain diameters 35 μm and 200 μm, respectively) were used. The nominal impact velocity of the slurry was 15 m/s and the nozzle-specimen distance 100 mm. Dry erosion tests were conducted using 50 μm diameter alumina particles projected onto coated flat test coupons through a carbide nozzle of diameter 1.14mm with a particle velocity of 84 m/s at a feed rate of 2 ±1 g/min. let impingement angles of 90° and 20° were used for both dry and slurry erosion tests. The volume loss of material under various erosion conditions was related to the coating properties and microstructure. Results indicate that the coating behavior is dependent on the erodent particle size, the erosion impinging angle to some extent and for slurry erosion, to the corrosion resistance of the cermet matrix.
Development of an Electric Arc Sprayed Self Lubricating Coating
Authors: Llewellyn H. , Grant P.S. , Newbery A.P. , Jordan R.M.
Published: May 2021

Electric arc sprayed coatings with a disperse lubricating phase have potential for use in a variety of industrial applications as bearing materials including low friction coatings for drill string joints in the oil industry to reduce casing wear and lower drilling torque. This paper describes the optimisation of electric arc spray parameters for Fe-0.06wt.%C that will subsequently be used as a self-lubricating coating matrix. The effect of electric arc spray parameters on the microstructure of a Fe-0.06wt.%C matrix has been characterised in terms of deposition rate, temperature during manufacture, porosity and microhardness. It has been shown that the local coating temperature during directly affects the final coating porosity, grain size, grain morphology and microhardness. The most effective parameter in controlling coating temperature was the coating deposition rate. The Fe0.06wt.% C coating microstructure was primary equiaxed ferrite with a dispersion of spherodised Fe3C particles formed from the in-situ tempering of the as-sprayed martensite or bainite during spraying. A fuller analytical treatment of these phenomena is given elsewhere (13). Fe-0.06wt.%C powder particles microstructure was primarily bainitic or martensitic. A small number of Fe-0.06wt.%C powder particles showed a dendritic phase which has been proposed as retained austenite because of austenite stabilisation by fine grains and the N2 atmosphere, or an unidentified nitride layer.