bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brown Algae as Functional Food Source of Fucoxanthin: A Review
Authors: Din Nur Akmal Solehah , Mohd Alayudin ‘Ain Sajda , Sofian-Seng Noor-Soffalina , Rahman Hafeedza Abdul , Mohd Razali Noorul Syuhada , Lim Seng Joe , Wan Mustapha Wan Aida
Published: July 2022

Fucoxanthin is an algae-specific xanthophyll of aquatic carotenoid. It is prevalent in brown seaweed because it functions as a light-harvesting complex for algal photosynthesis and photoprotection. Its exceptional chemical structure exhibits numerous biological activities that benefit human health. Due to these valuable properties, fucoxanthin’s potential as a potent source for functional food, feed, and medicine is being explored extensively today. This article has thoroughly reviewed the availability and biosynthesis of fucoxanthin in the brown seaweed, as well as the mechanism behind it. We included the literature findings concerning the beneficial bioactivities of fucoxanthin such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticancer, and other potential activities. Last, an additional view on its potential as a functional food ingredient has been discussed to facilitate a broader application of fucoxanthin as a promising bioactive compound.
Trends in the Exposure, Distribution, and Health Risk Assessment of Perchlorate among Crayfish in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Chen Mengyuan , Wang Manman , Zhou Bingjie , Zhou Mengxin , Wang Qiao , Liu Xin , Liu Yan , Wu Yongning , Zhao Xiaole , Gong Zhiyong
Published: July 2022

Perchlorate is a well-known thyroid-disrupting chemical as well as an extremely stable inorganic pollutant widely distributed in the environment. Therefore, perchlorate posts potential risks to the environment as well as human health. Crayfish is a dominant aquatic food with increasing consumption levels in recent years. It is crucial to evaluate the accumulation of perchlorate with well-water-soluble properties in crayfish and to assess its health risks. In our present study, we obtained crayfish samples from cultivated ponds and markets based on the regions of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River. The perchlorate concentration was measured in all 206 samples using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS). Monte Carlo simulation was used to perform health risk assessments. The results indicated that perchlorate levels ranged from 7.74–43.71 μg/kg for cultivated crayfish and 4.90–16.73 μg/kg for crayfish sold in markets. The perchlorate accumulation mainly occurred in exoskeleton parts. All the HQ values were remarkable, at less than one—indicating that perchlorate exposure through the ingestion of crayfish does not pose an appreciable risk to human health.
Differentiation of Apricots of Different Geographic Origin in Central and Southern Europe by Applying 87Sr/86Sr Analysis: Potential and Limitations
Authors: Horacek Micha , Klcova Lenka , Hudcovicova Martina , Ondreickova Katarina , Gubis Jozef , Hölzl Stefan
Published: July 2022

Consumers prefer food commodities of certain origins over the same products of other provenances and are willing to pay higher prices for them. Thus, it is possible to increase profit simply by giving an incorrect geographic origin to a product. To effectively control the declared geographic origin of food, the product itself has to be investigated to discover whether it actually originates from the declared origin, or if it has been mislabeled. Conventionally, control of a geographic origin is conducted by stable isotope analysis of the main elements, which has proven to be successful in numerous cases, but often reference data have to be produced anew for every harvest to control, resulting in additional costs and delays. Applying entirely geogenic parameters for the control of provenance requires reference data to be produced only once. As they do not vary between years and harvests, they can often be used for different (food) commodities. Here, we investigate whether the geographic origin of apricot samples can be controlled by their 87Sr/86Sr ratios measured by TIMS. The results show that Slovak and Hungarian apricots can be differentiated from the Wachau apricots, a well-known regional Austrian brand, and those from other regions in Austria, even though the differentiation from the latter is only partial. 87Sr/86Sr investigations can be a very potent tool; however, its success depends on the exact question that needs to be answered.
Preparing a Personalized Meal by Using Soy, Cricket, and Egg Albumin Protein Based on 3D Printing
Authors: Mirazimi Farnaz , Saldo Jordi , Sepulcre Francesc , Gràcia Alvar , Pujolà Montserrat
Published: July 2022

Recently, personalized meals and customized food design by means of 3D printing technology have been considered over traditional food manufacturing methods. This study examined the effects of different proteins (soy, cricket, and egg albumin protein) in two concentrations (3% and 5%) on rheological, textural, and 3D printing characteristics. The textural and microstructural properties of different formulations were evaluated and compared. The addition of soy and cricket protein induced an increase in yield stress (τ₀), storage modulus (G′), and loss modulus (G″) while egg albumin protein decreased these parameters. The textural analysis (back extrusion and force of extrusion) demonstrated the relationship between increasing the amount of protein in the formula with an improvement in consistency and index of viscosity. These values showed a straight correlation with the printability of fortified formulas. 3D printing of the different formulas revealed that soy and cricket proteins allow the targeting of complex geometry with multilayers.
Active and Intelligent Packaging for Enhancing Modified Atmospheres and Monitoring Quality and Shelf Life of Packed Gilthead Seabream Fillets at Isothermal and Variable Temperature Conditions
Authors: Katsouli Maria , Semenoglou Ioanna , Kotsiri Mado , Gogou Eleni , Tsironi Theofania , Taoukis Petros
Published: July 2022

The study investigated the effect of active modified atmosphere packaging (20% CO2–60% N2–20% O2) with CO2 emitters (MAP-PAD) and conventional MAP (MAP) on the quality and shelf-life of gilthead seabream fillets during chill storage, while the most appropriate enzymatic Time Temperature Integrators (TTI) were selected for monitoring their shelf-life at isothermal and variable temperature storage conditions (Teff = 4.8 °C). The concentration of CO2 and O2 in the headspace of the package, volatile compounds and of the microbial population were monitored during storage. The kinetic parameters for bacterial growth were estimated at 0–10 °C using the Baranyi growth model. The MAP-PAD samples presented significantly lower microbial growth rates and longer lag phases compared to the MAP samples, leading to significant shelf-life extension: 2 days of extension at 2.5 °C and 5 °C, while 50% extension at variable conditions (Teff = 4.8 °C). CO2 emitters in the package improved the chemical freshness (K-values) and volatile compounds (characterizing freshness). The responses of different enzymatic TTI were modeled as the function of enzyme concentration, temperature and storage time. The activation energy (Ea) ranged from 97 to 148 kJ mol−1, allowing the selection of appropriate TTIs for the shelf-life monitoring of each fish product: LP-150U for the MAP and M-25U for the MAP-PAD samples. The validation experiment at Teff = 4.8 °C confirmed the applicability of Arrhenius-type models, as well as the use of TTIs as effective chill chain management tools during distribution and storage.
Approximating Solutions of Nonlinear Equations Using an Extended Traub Method
Authors: George Santhosh , Argyros Ioannis K. , Argyros Christopher I. , Senapati Kedarnath
Published: July 2022

The Traub iterates generate a sequence that converges to a solution of a nonlinear equation given certain conditions. The order of convergence has been shown provided that the fifth Fréchet-derivative exists. Notice that this derivative does not appear on the Traub method. Therefore, according to the earlier results, there is no guarantee that the Traub method converges if the operator is not five times Fréchet-differentiable or more. However, the Traub method can converge, since these assumptions are only sufficient. The novelty of our new technique is the fact that only the Fréchet-derivative on the method is assumed to exist to prove convergence. Moreover, the new results does not depend on the Traub method. Consequently, the same technique can be applied on other methods. The dynamics of this method are also studied. Examples further explain the theoretical results.
Physicochemical and Microstructural Analyses of Pepsin-Soluble Collagens Derived from Lizardfish (Saurida tumbil Bloch, 1795) Skin, Bone and Scales
Authors: Jaziri Abdul Aziz , Shapawi Rossita , Mokhtar Ruzaidi Azli Mohd , Noordin Wan Norhana Md. , Huda Nurul
Published: July 2022

Reducing food waste is critical for sustainability. In the case of fish processing, more than sixty percent of by-products are generated as waste. Lizardfish (Saurida tumbil Bloch, 1795) is an economically important species for surimi production. To address waste disposal and maximize income, an effective utilization of fish by-products is essential. This study aims to isolate and characterize pepsin-soluble collagens from the skin, bone and scales of lizardfish. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the yields of collagen were noted with the highest yield recorded in pepsin-soluble skin collagen (PSSC) (3.50 ± 0.11%), followed by pepsin-soluble bone collagen (PSBC) (3.26 ± 0.10%) and pepsin-soluble scales collagen (PSCC) (0.60 ± 0.65%). Through SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the presence of two alpha chains were noted and classified as type I. From Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, the triple-helix structure of the collagen was maintained. The X-ray diffraction and UV visible spectra characteristics of the lizardfish collagens in this study are similar to the previously reported fish collagens. In terms of thermostability, PSSC (Tmax = 43.89 °C) had higher thermostability in comparison to PSBC (Tmax = 31.75 °C) and PSCC (Tmax = 30.54 °C). All pepsin-soluble collagens were highly soluble (>70%) in acidic conditions (particularly at pH 4.0) and at low sodium chloride concentrations (0–30 g/L). Microstructural analysis depicted that all extracted collagens were multi-layered, irregular, dense, sheet-like films linked by random coiled filaments. Overall, pepsin-soluble collagens from lizardfish skin, bone and scales could serve as potential alternative sources of collagens.
Different Phenotypes of Sarcomeric MyBPC3-Cardiomyopathy in the Same Family: Hypertrophic, Left Ventricular Noncompaction and Restrictive Phenotypes (in Association with Sarcoidosis)
Authors: Blagova Olga , Pavlenko Ekaterina , Sedov Vsevolod , Kogan Evgeniya , Polyak Margarita , Zaklyazminskaya Elena , Lutokhina Yulia
Published: July 2022

The same variants in sarcomeric genes can lead to different cardiomyopathies within the same family. This gave rise to the concept of a continuum of sarcomeric cardiomyopathies. However, the manifestations and evolution of these cardiomyopathies in pathogenic variant carriers, including members of the same family, remains poorly understood. We present a case of familial sarcomeric cardiomyopathy caused by heterozygous truncating pathogenic variant p.Q1233* in cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MyBPC3) gene. The proband was first diagnosed with restrictive cardiomyopathy combined with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) and sarcoidosis at the age of 64. The predominantly restrictive phenotype of cardiomyopathy is considered to be a result of interaction between LVNC and sarcoid myocarditis. His 39-year-old son and 35-year-old daughter have identical non-obstructive asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The risk of sudden cardiac death in the son is high due to myocardial fibrosis, ischemia and nonsustained VT. We assume that both phenotypes in the family may have originally been different or there may have been a gradual transformation of the hypertrophic phenotype into LVNC. Myocarditis is regarded as an important epigenomic modifier of sarcomeric cardiomyopathy. In the proband and his son, cardioverter-defibrillators were implanted, and the proband experienced appropriate shocks due to ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation. The proband was also treated with corticosteroids. His death at the age of 69 years occurred due to acute gastric hemorrhage accompanied by progressive heart failure. This report confirms the concept of the phenotypic continuum of sarcomeric cardiomyopathies and describes possible phenotypic patterns and their transformation over time.
Comprehensive Analysis of Differentially Expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs Related to Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Laiwu Pigs
Authors: Li Jingxuan , Zhao Xueyan , Wang Yanping , Wang Jiying
Published: July 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important classes of small noncoding RNAs that can regulate numerous biological processes. To understand the role of message RNA (mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs) in the regulation of intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, in this study the expression profiles of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle from six Laiwu pigs (three with extremely high and three with extremely low IMF content) were sequenced based on rRNA-depleted library construction. In total, 323 differentially expressed protein-coding genes (DEGs), 180 lncRNAs (DELs) and 105 circRNAs (DECs) were detected between the high IMF and low IMF groups. Functional analysis indicated that most DEGs, and some target genes of DELs, were enriched into GO terms and pathways related to adipogenesis, suggesting their important roles in regulating IMF deposition. In addition, 12 DELs were observed to exhibit a positive relationship with stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), and adiponectin (ADIPOQ), suggesting they are highly likely to be the target genes of DELs. Finally, we constructed a source gene-circRNA-miRNA connective network, and some of miRNA of the network have been reported to affect lipid metabolism or adipogenesis. Overall, this work provides a valuable resource for further research and helps to understand the potential functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs in IMF deposition.
Evaluation of Physiological Coping Strategies and Quality Substances in Purple SweetPotato under Different Salinity Levels
Authors: Wang Xin , Dai Wei-Wei , Liu Chong , Zhang Guang-Xi , Song Wei-Han , Li Chen , Yangchen Yuenden-Ci , Gao Run-Fei , Chen Yu-Yu , Yan Hui , Tang Wei , Kou Meng , Zhang Yun-Gang , Yuan Bo , Li Qiang
Published: July 2022

Although salinity stress is one of the principal abiotic stresses affecting crop yield, a suitable concentration of NaCl has proven to be useful for increasing crop quality. This study used low salinity (34 mmol/L NaCl) and high salinity (85 mmol/L) to cultivate purple sweetpotato. Using transcriptomics and metabolomics to profile the pathway indicated that glycometabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis and the starch catabolic process were the significant pathways under the salinity stress. Further research showed that purple sweetpotato could regulate genes related to the regulation of the cellular Na+, K+, and other ions concentration in response to the low salinity tolerance, but loses this ability under high salinity. Meanwhile, under low salinity, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and their related gene expression are maintained at a high level. The low salinity influences the monosaccharide composition as well as the content and regulation of genes related to starch synthesis. Quality analysis showed that the low salinity could increase the starch content and influence the amylopectin biosynthesis. It suggested that low salinity promotes substance accumulation. High salinity could increase the anthocyanins biosynthesis and low salinity had a significant impact on phenolic acid and flavonol. Finally, the gene expression levels also prove the low salinity could change the composition and content level of the purple sweetpotato. This study showed that an appropriate concentration of NaCl can be used as an elicitor for application in purple sweetpotato planting.
The “Beautiful Abyss” of Human Cruelty, Anthropogenic Violence, and Other-Than-Human Friendship in Yamen Manaï’s Bel Abîme
Authors: Moser Keith
Published: July 2022

Yamen Manaï’s novel Bel Abîme upholds Dominique Lestel’s contention that friends are those who we hold near and dear in our hybrid communities. Lestel and Manaï’s reexamination of the reality of other-than-human friendship presents our domesticated pets as sentient, semiotic agents with whom we co-construct meaning and a sense of identity together in the “enchanted space of trans-specific communication.” Additionally, our species appears to derive immense psychological and moral benefits from polyspecific encounters that enable us to reach a higher stage of ethical development. Nonetheless, Lestel and Manaï recognize that we cannot extend the family circle to include even more other-than-human co-inhabitants of the biosphere unless we (re-) establish a more sustainable way of living and being in the world. Not only is climate change a question of survival, but it is also a matter of preserving the spaces of meaning in which we are forever transformed by the non-human Other.
Exploring Nurses’ Working Experiences during the First Wave of COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Stavropoulou Areti , Rovithis Michael , Sigala Evangelia , Moudatsou Maria , Fasoi Georgia , Papageorgiou Dimitris , Koukouli Sofia
Published: July 2022

During the COVID-19 outbreak, nurses employed in the clinical sector faced a number of difficulties associated with excessive workload, increased stress, and role ambiguity, which impacted nurses themselves and patient care. The aim of the present study was to investigate how Greek hospital nurses working in non-COVID units experienced the virus outbreak during the first wave of the pandemic. A descriptive qualitative research design was applied using a content analysis approach. To recruit the study participants a purposive sampling strategy was used. Ten nurses participated in the study. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Content analysis revealed three themes namely, (a) emotional burden, (b) professional commitment, and (c) abrupt changes. Six subthemes were formulated and assimilated under each main theme respectively. Organizational changes, emotional burdens and feelings of fear and uncertainty, appeared to have a crucial effect on nurses and patient care. However, the professional commitment and the nurses’ effort to provide excellent nursing care remained high. Nurses demonstrated that despite the burdens caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, the pandemic era created opportunities for thoroughness and accuracy in nursing care.
The Link between Job Demands, Burnout, and the Self-Undermining of Healthcare Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Underestimated Threat?
Authors: Golu Florinda , Cotel Adriana , Sava Nicu Ionel , Oprea Bogdan , Condrea Sergiu
Published: July 2022

Previous studies have shown an association between job demands and burnout in medical staff during the pandemic. However, these studies have ignored the possibility of loss cycle occurrence during the crisis. In order to address this gap, the aim of this study was to test the mediating role of burnout in the positive relationship between job demands and the self-undermining of healthcare employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-undermining represents the set of behaviors that generate obstacles and diminish performance (e.g., careless mistakes, generating interpersonal conflicts, poor communication), and it has been suggested that this variable could explain the loss cycle between demands and burnout (the phenomenon in which demands increase burnout, which in turn leads to even greater demands). A total of 523 healthcare workers from two Romanian hospitals (e.g., physicians, nurses, stretcher-bearers) completed a self-report questionnaire during the COVID-19 outbreak that included three job demands, burnout, and self-undermining. Burnout mediated the positive relationship between two demands (work–family conflict; lack of equipment and supplies) and self-undermining. These results may provide a preliminary indication for the existence of loss cycles, supporting the assumptions of the job demands-resources theory. Moreover, the results highlight the risk of loss cycle occurrences for healthcare employees during outbreaks.
Relationship between Parents’ Physical Activity Level and the Motor Development Level and BMI of Their Children
Authors: Paez Jacqueline , Hurtado Juan , Reyes Tomas , Abusleme Rosita , Arroyo Patricio , Oñate Cristian
Published: July 2022

All the variables that arise in family dynamics can have significant effects on the lives of children concerning their nutritional status and motor development. The objective of this study was to relate the PAL of parents to the level of motor development and the BMI of their children. A total of 198 subjects participated, with the age of the students ranging between 8 and 10 years. To measure the BMI, the norms for the nutritional evaluation of children and teenagers from 5 to 19 years were used; to identify the motor behaviors, the TGMD-2 Test was used; and to identify the level of physical activity of parents, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used. For the analysis, the independent samples t-test and the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test (Wilcoxon) were used, and for the correlational analysis, Spearman’s rho test was applied. This study found no significant correlation between the activity level of parents and nutritional status variables (p = 0.162), or between the PAL variables of parents and the motor development of their children (p = 0.738). A parent’s level of physical activity does not have a direct relationship with the nutritional status or the motor development of their children.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices concerning Black Fungus during COVID-19 Pandemic among Students of Bangladesh: An Online-Based Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Islam Md. Akhtarul , Nahar Mst. Tanmin , Khan Md. Nafiul Alam , Butt Zahid Ahmad , Monjur-Al-Hossain A. S. M. , Barna Sutapa Dey , Rahman Md. Mostafizur , Halder Henry Ratul , Hossain Mohammed Zaber , Hossain Md. Tanvir
Published: July 2022

Background: Infection with COVID-19 and its control entailing steroids and immunomodulatory medications disrupted normal immune function. The ensuing immunological disorder led to the rise of another infection—Black Fungus (Mucormycosis). However, the spread of Black Fungus can be minimized through proper knowledge, informed attitude, and conscious preventive practice. This study aimed to assess students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding Black Fungus amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among Bangladeshi students from June to July 2021. Using Google Forms, an e-questionnaire was developed for this web-based survey, and the participants were selected through a snowball sampling approach. Results: Out of the 2009 participants, more than half were female (53.5%), and the majority were at an age between 18 and 25 years (31.5%) and had received higher secondary (HSC) schooling (77.8%), while around 61% resided in urban areas. Findings revealed that most of the students (63.8%) spent around 2 h on electronic and social media to become informed about COVID-19 and Black Fungus. Approximately 33% of the students showed low KAP scores (32.9%), whereas around 26% had high KAP scores. Our results show a significant association between KAP and sex, schooling, living status, residence, and media exposure. Conclusion: The knowledge of Black Fungus considerably varies among Bangladeshi students considering the place of residence, age, sex, living arrangement, and media exposure. Policymakers should emphasize awareness among people focusing on the results of this study to increase deterrent attitudes and protective practices to minimize the risks of being infected.
What Levers to Promote Teachers’ Wellbeing during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Lessons Learned from a 2021 Online Study in Six Countries
Authors: Billaudeau Nathalie , Alexander Stephanie , Magnard Louise , Temam Sofia , Vercambre Marie-Noël
Published: July 2022

To highlight effective levers to promote teachers’ wellbeing worldwide, particularly during difficult times such as the COVID-19 pandemic, we investigated work-related factors associated with teacher wellbeing, across borders and cultures. In six countries/territories, we examined the factors that were most consistently and strongly associated with two indicators of wellbeing at work: (i) job satisfaction; and (ii) work/life balance, and three indicators of general wellbeing: (i) subjective health; (ii) mental health; and (iii) life satisfaction. Between May and July 2021, after 18 months of the pandemic, 8000 teachers answered the first edition of the International Barometer of Education Personnel’s Health and Wellbeing (I-BEST): 3646 teachers from France, 2349 from Québec, 1268 from Belgium, 302 from Morocco, 222 from The Gambia, and 215 from Mexico. For each country/territory and each wellbeing indicator, we used a forward stepwise regression procedure to identify important determinants among a carefully selected set of 31 sociodemographic, private, and professional life factors. Aside from healthcare access, the factors most consistently and strongly associated with teacher wellbeing in France, Québec and Belgium (samples whose size were ≥1000) were related to the psychosocial and the organizational dimensions of work, namely: feeling of safety at school, autonomy at work, and the quality of relationships with superiors and quality of relationships with students. In the smaller samples of teachers from the three remaining countries (Morocco, The Gambia and Mexico), exploratory analyses showed that the feeling of safety and autonomy at work were, there too, consistently associated with wellbeing indicators. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the factors most consistently associated with teachers’ wellbeing across countries were related to security and autonomy at work, supporting the importance to consider these aspects in a continuous, structural way at school. Factors associated with teachers’ wellbeing in very different contexts require further cross-cultural study.
General versus Brachial Plexus Block Anesthesia in Pain Management after Internal Fixation in Patients with Distal Radius Fracture: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nho Jae-Hwi , Jang Byung-Woong , An Chi Young , Yoo Jae Hwa , Song Sanghoon , Cho Ho Bum , Kim Sang Ho , Kim Soon Im , Jung Ki Jin , Kim Byungsung
Published: July 2022

Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are very common injuries associated with aging, and the number of fractures is increasing with the increase in the elderly population. General anesthesia or brachial plexus block (BPB) is required for fracture fixation, and acute postoperative pain control is necessary after operation. Early pain control can improve patient satisfaction and functional outcomes. In this study, we report the clinical differences in postoperative pain, according to the method of anesthesia (general anesthesia versus brachial plexus block). Volar plating was used to treat 72 patients older than 60 years who had comminuted DRF. Patients were randomized to either group A (36 patients), who underwent general anesthesia, or group B (36 patients), who underwent BPB. We compared these two groups prospectively for acute postoperative pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery. The VAS scores of each group were: 6.8 ± 2.5 in general anesthesia and 0.5 ± 2.3 in BPB at 2 h, postoperatively; 6.5 ± 2.4 in general anesthesia and 0.5 ± 2.4 in BPB anesthesia at 4 h, postoperatively; 5.2 ± 2.4 in general anesthesia and 1.5 ± 2.4 in BPB anesthesia at 6 h, postoperatively; 4.5 ± 2.5 in general anesthesia and 3.4 ± 2.7 in BPB anesthesia at 12 h, postoperatively; and 3.5 ± 2.5 in general anesthesia and 3.2 ± 2.7 in BPB anesthesia at 24 h, postoperatively. DRF patients with BPB anesthesia showed a lower VAS score than those subjected to general anesthesia in early postoperative period. As a result, the effect of BPB anesthesia on acute pain management after surgery was excellent, which resulted in a lower pain score compared with general anesthesia in DRF patients undergoing volar plating.
Health Status of Afghan Refugees in Europe: Policy and Practice Implications for an Optimised Healthcare
Authors: Matsangos Michael , Ziaka Laoura , Exadaktylos Artistomenis K. , Klukowska-Rötzler Jolanta , Ziaka Mairi
Published: July 2022

Four decades of civil war, violence, and destabilisation have forced millions of Afghans to flee their homes and to move to other countries worldwide. This increasing phenomenon may challenge physicians unfamiliar with the health status of this population, which may be markedly different from that of the host country. Moreover, several factors during their migration, such as transport in closed containers, accidental injuries, malnutrition, and accommodation in detention centres and refugee camps have a major influence on the health of refugees. By taking into account the variety of the specific diseases among migrant groups, the diversity of the origins of refugees and asylum seekers, and the increasing numbers of Afghan refugees, in this review we focus on the population of Afghans and describe their health status with the aim of optimising our medical approach and management. Our literature review shows that the most prevalent reported infections are tuberculosis and other respiratory tract infections and parasitic diseases, for example leishmaniasis, malaria, and intestinal parasitic infections. Anaemia, hyperlipidaemia, arterial hypertension, diabetes, smoking, overweight, malnutrition, low socioeconomic status, and poor access to healthcare facilities are additional risk factors for non-communicable diseases among Afghan refugees. With regards mental health issues, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the most common diagnoses and culture shock and the feeling of being uprooted modulate their persistence. Further research is needed in order to provide us with extensive, high-quality data about the health status of Afghan refugees. The main objective of this review is to identify protective factors which could ensure key health concepts and good clinical practice.
Enrichment and Chemical Speciation of Vanadium and Cobalt in Stone Coal Combustion Products in Ankang, Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Cui Wei , Meng Qingjun , Li Wenbo , Feng Qiyan
Published: July 2022

Stone coal enriches more elements compared to other coals, especially Vanadium (V). The content of Co is relatively low, while its environmental risk is relatively high. This study collected the stone-coal samples to investigate the enrichment characteristics and the chemical speciation in the combustion products of V and Co in stone coal at an open-pit coal mine in Ankang City, Shanxi Province, China. A simulation combustion experiment and sequential chemical extraction were conducted. Mineral composition was analyzed for raw-stone coal and its combustion products. The results showed that most of V and Co are mainly enriched in combustion products during the combustion process, the enrichment capacity of Co is higher than V. With the increase in the combustion temperature, the bioavailable chemical speciation of V in stone coal combustion products increased, while Co decreased. If the combustion products are stored without effective treatment, the surrounding environment will be polluted, and then human health might be endangered.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBTC) Applied to the Study of Root Morphological Characteristics of Deciduous Teeth: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ticona-Flores Jesús , Diéguez-Pérez Montserrat
Published: July 2022

Pulp therapy in primary teeth is a challenge for a dentist, therefore, a better understanding of the anatomical characteristics of this tissue is essential to remedy these deficiencies. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological peculiarities of the root canals of extracted deciduous molars by Cone-Beam computed tomography (CBCT). As such, healthy molars without physiological resorption were collected and sanitized. After analyzing descriptive and inferential statistics, the results show that 56% of lower molar roots have a Weine’s type III canal configuration; the upper and lower second molars are significantly larger compared to the first, with a mean of 8.318 (±1.313) mm and 7.757 (±1.286) mm, respectively. Additionally, the palatine canals exhibited greater volume than the others, with a mean of 3.687 mm3. There are multiple discrepancies in the molars that have been studied in other investigations. The presence of a supernumerary root in the mandibular molars, a smaller dimension of the root canals and a more evident apical angulation are more obvious. The discovery of great anatomical versatility in the posterior dental group is an aspect applicable to root therapy.
Lower-Limb Kinematic Change during Pelvis Anterior and Posterior Tilt in Double-Limb Support in Healthy Subjects with Knee Malalignment
Authors: Park So Hyun , Yong Min Sik , Lee Hae Yong
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to investigate lower-limb kinematic changes during pelvic tilting in participants with knee malalignment. To define participants with lower-limb malalignment, the quadriceps angle (Q-angle) was used in this study. The sample population was divided into two groups in accordance with the Q-angle: the experimental group (ABQ) consisted of participants with an abnormal Q-angle greater than the normal range, and the control group (CON) consisted of participants with a normal Q-angle. All participants performed anterior and posterior pelvic tilts in double-limb support. Kinematic change in the lower limb was evaluated using a three-dimensional motion analysis system (Motion Analysis, Santa Rosa, CA, USA). The horizontal plane hip angle in the ABQ was significantly different compared with that in the CON in all positions (p < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed in the other lower-limb kinematic variables (p > 0.05). A significant correlation was identified only between the Q-angle and horizontal plane hip angle in all positions. Based on the results, the Q-angle was strongly related to the thigh, although it may not be related to malalignment with other segments during double-limb support.
Black Nativity and Health Disparities: A Research Paradigm for Understanding the Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Ifatunji Mosi Adesina , Faustin Yanica , Lee Wendy , Wallace Deshira
Published: July 2022

After more than a century of research and debate, the scientific community has yet to reach agreement on the principal causes of racialized disparities in population health. This debate currently centers on the degree to which “race residuals” are a result of unobserved differences in the social context or unobserved differences in population characteristics. The comparative study of native and foreign-born Black populations represents a quasi-experimental design where race is “held constant”. Such studies present a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of the social determinants of population health disparities. Since native and foreign-born Black populations occupy different sociocultural locations, and since populations with greater African ancestry have greater genetic diversity, comparative studies of these populations will advance our understanding of the complex relationship between sociocultural context, population characteristics and health outcomes. Therefore, we offer a conceptual framing for the comparative study of native and foreign-born Blacks along with a review of 208 studies that compare the mental and physical health of these populations. Although there is some complexity, especially with respect to mental health, the overall pattern is that foreign-born Blacks have better health outcomes than native-born Blacks. After reviewing these studies, we conclude with suggestions for future studies in this promising area of social and medical research.
Subjective Cognitive Decline Associated with Discrimination in Medical Settings among Transgender and Nonbinary Older Adults
Authors: Lambrou Nickolas H. , Gleason Carey E. , Obedin-Maliver Juno , Lunn Mitchell R. , Flentje Annesa , Lubensky Micah E. , Flatt Jason D.
Published: July 2022

Background: Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) individuals report greater subjective cognitive decline (SCD) compared to non-TNB people. SCD involves self-reported problems with memory and thinking and is a potential risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). We explored psychosocial factors, such as discrimination in medical settings, associated with SCD in a sample of TNB older adults. Methods: We utilized cross-sectional data on aging health, SCD (memory complaints and worsening memory in the past year), and discrimination in medical settings from The PRIDE Study for LGBTQ+ adults aged 50+ including TNB adults (n = 115). Associations were tested using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Nearly 16% of TNB participants rated their memory as poor/fair, and 17% reported that their memory was worse than a year ago. TNB older adults with SCD were more likely to report experiencing discrimination in medical settings. After adjustment, those reporting discrimination in medical settings had 4.5 times higher odds of reporting worsening memory than those who did not (OR: 4.5; 95%-CI: 1.5–13.2; p = 0.006), and 7.5 times more likely to report poor/fair memory (OR: 7.49; 95%-CI: 1.7–32.8; p = 0.008); Conclusions: TNB older adults reported high frequencies of SCD and discrimination in medical settings. Further research exploring affirmative cognitive screening and healthcare services is needed.
Exploring Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Roche Charlotte , Fisher Abigail , Fancourt Daisy , Burton Alexandra
Published: July 2022

Quantitative data show that physical activity (PA) reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, with differential impacts across demographic groups. Qualitative research is limited; thus, this study aimed to understand barriers and facilitators to PA during the pandemic, focusing on groups more likely to have been affected by restrictions, and to map these onto the capability, opportunity, motivation model of behaviour (COM-B). One-to-one interviews were conducted with younger (aged 18–24) and older adults (aged 70+), those with long-term physical or mental health conditions, and parents of young children. Themes were identified using reflexive thematic analysis and were mapped onto COM-B domains. A total of 116 participants contributed (aged 18–93, 61% female, 71% White British). Key themes were the importance of the outdoor environment, impact of COVID-19 restrictions, fear of contracting COVID-19, and level of engagement with home exercise. Caring responsibilities and conflicting priorities were a barrier. PA as a method of socialising, establishing new routines, and the importance of PA for protecting mental health were motivators. Most themes mapped onto the physical opportunity (environmental factors) and reflective motivation (evaluations/plans) COM-B domains. Future interventions should target these domains during pandemics (e.g., adapting PA guidance depending on location and giving education on the health benefits of PA).
Predicting COVID-19 Infections in Eswatini Using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method
Authors: Dlamini Sabelo , Dlamini Wisdom , Fall Ibrahima
Published: July 2022

COVID-19 country spikes have been reported at varying temporal scales as a result of differences in the disease-driving factors. Factors affecting case load and mortality rates have varied between countries and regions. We investigated the association between socio-economic, weather, demographic and health variables with the reported cases of COVID-19 in Eswatini using the maximum likelihood estimation method for count data. A generalized Poisson regression (GPR) model was fitted with the data comprising 15 covariates to predict COVID-19 risk in the whole of Eswatini. The results show that the variables that were key determinants in the spread of the disease were those that included the proportion of elderly above 55 years at 98% (95% CI: 97–99%) and the proportion of youth below the age of 35 years at 8% (95% CI: 1.7–38%) with a pseudo R-square of 0.72. However, in the early phase of the virus when cases were fewer, results from the Poisson regression showed that household size, household density and poverty index were associated with reported COVID-19 cases in the country. We then produced a disease-risk map of predicted COVID-19 in Eswatini using variables that were selected by the regression model at a 5% significance level. The map could be used by the country to plan and prioritize health interventions against COVID-19. The identified areas of high risk may be further investigated to find out the risk amplifiers and assess what could be done to prevent them.
Challenges in the Adoption of eHealth and mHealth for Adult Mental Health Management—Evidence from Romania
Authors: Tudor Andra Ioana Maria , Nichifor Eliza , Litră Adriana Veronica , Chițu Ioana Bianca , Brătucu Tamara-Oana , Brătucu Gabriel
Published: July 2022

New methods of connecting physicians and patients have arisen. Technology is playing a crucial role and the concept of hybrid doctor–patient relationship is considered relevant for the competitive health management system. At the same time, the need for knowledge about implementing policies and best practices into the system is highly demanding. Digital tools, such as eHealth or mHealth can improve the traditional approach to consulting patients without requiring face-to-face interaction. However, due to the discussion surrounding the adoption of these technologies, the authors performed the study with two marketing research methods. The first is qualitative and is related to the opinions, attitudes, and beliefs of Romanian experts on the use of eHealth and mHealth for the prevention, detection, and treatment of mild mental disorders. The second method quantifies the opinions, attitudes, and behaviours of Romanian adults on their openness to adopt new technologies for mental health management. The main findings of the research highlight three factors that can increase the chances of adults using technology for health-related needs: (1) accessibility (2) data security, and (3) content. These are the main aspects that influence the well-being of both young and older adults, who both need support regarding mental health management.
Does Optimization of Industrial Structure Improve Green Efficiency of Industrial Land Use in China?
Authors: Li Bingqing , Wang Zhanqi , Xu Feng
Published: July 2022

Improving the green efficiency of industrial land use (GEILU) is essential to promoting low-pollution and highly efficient development, and industrial structure is a key factor in this dynamic. This paper aims to reveal how the optimization of industrial structure (OIS) affects GEILU in China. First, an analytical framework was proposed to understand the effect mechanisms from the perspective of rationalization, upgrading, and ecologization of industrial structure. Second, the panel data of 31 provincial units collected from 2006 to 2020 were taken as cases for empirical study. The super-SBM model was adopted to measure GEILU, and some variables were used to evaluate OIS. Finally, the spatial effects of OIS on GEILU were analyzed based on the spatial Durbin model. The results show that the GEILU presented a wave change and kept increasing after 2016. From a global perspective, the rationalization of industrial structure helped improve GEILU; however, the upgrading and ecologization of industrial structure generated inhibiting effects. When integrating the three perspectives, optimization of industrial structure was considered to have negative effects on GEILU. The negative effects stemmed from an inefficient expansion of industrial land and pollution from heavy chemical industries. From a phased perspective, in the early period of this study, the outdated technology in traditional industries brought about the negative effects; however, with high-knowledge and high-tech industries forming a market scale, optimization of industrial structure gradually became conducive to the improvement of GEILU. This study suggests that eliminating the market segmentation between provinces and accelerating the development of high-knowledge and high-tech industries can help promote low-pollution and highly efficient industrial land use in China.
Validation of a Parent-Reported Physical Activity Questionnaire by Accelerometry in European Children Aged from 6 to 12 Years Old
Authors: Prieto-Botella Daniel , Valera-Gran Desirée , Santa-Marina Loreto , Babarro Izaro , Subiza-Pérez Mikel , Casas Maribel , Guxens Mónica , Cárdenas-Fuentes Gabriela , Heude Barbara , Bernard Jonathan Y. , McEachan Rosemary R. C. , García-Aymerich Judith , Vrijheid Martine , Navarrete-Muñoz Eva-María
Published: July 2022

Validated physical activity (PA) questionnaires are crucial for collecting information in large epidemiological studies during childhood. Thus, this study analyzed the validity of a parent-reported PA questionnaire based on the Children’s Leisure Activities Study Survey by accelerometry in European children aged from 6 to 12 years old. We used data from 230 children of the Human Early-Life Exposome and Infancia y Medio Ambiente projects. Mean differences between moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) reported by the questionnaire and the accelerometer were calculated (min/day), and its associated factors were explored by multiple robust linear regression. The agreement between methods was examined using a Bland–Altman plot. The concurrent validity of assessing MVPA was analyzed by cohort-adjusted Spearman’s partial correlations. ROC curve analysis was also used to explore the questionnaire’s capability to identify active children based on the World Health Organization guidelines. A moderate correlation was found between parent-reported and accelerometer MVPA (rho = 0.41, p < 0.001). The child’s sex (girl) was statistically associated with the mean MVPA difference between methods. However, this questionnaire accurately identified physically active children (area under the curve = 83.8% and 82.7% for boys and girls, cut-points = 68.6 and 45.4 min/day in MVPA, respectively). Consequently, this questionnaire is suitable for classifying active children in order to monitor public health interventions regarding PA.