bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Aspalathus linearis Tea Extract as a Functional Ingredient in Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Culture
Authors: Okuthe Grace Emily , Bhomela Bongile , Oriola Ayodeji , Vundisa Noluyolo
Published: October 2023

Supplements in fish nutrition can help alleviate pressure on the wild stock; however, there is limited information on the benefits of rooibos tea extract in aquafeed. This study aimed to determine the effect of rooibos tea extract inclusion in the commercial diet on the growth performance of larval fish. Fish were reared on three diets: a commercial diet with 30% fermented or green rooibos extract and a commercial tilapia diet (control). Fish (initial weight of 0.54 ± 0.008 g and length of 2.22 ± 0.01 cm) were randomly distributed into recirculating aquaculture systems in triplicates at 100 fish per tank. Fish was hand-fed thrice daily for eight weeks at 2% body weight. After that, samples were withdrawn to measure growth parameters. Fish-fed fermented, and green tea extracts exhibited a significantly (p ˂ 0.05) higher weight gain than the controls. The feed conversion ratio was higher in the control group, fermented (1.50 ± 0.25 cm) and green tea (1.41 ± 0.07 cm). Similarly, the control group exhibited the highest condition factor (K=13.14 ± 4.87). The two treatment groups were comparable (p >0.05) in growth performance. Overall, the evidence indicates that adding rooibos tea extracts to the basal diet can improve fish growth.
On the Convergence of Randomized Block Kaczmarz Algorithm for Solving Matrix Equation
Authors: Xing Lili , Bao Wendi , Li Weiguo
Published: October 2023

Randomized block Kaczmarz Method and randomized extended block Kaczmarz Method are proposed for solving matrix equation AXB=C, where the matrix A and B may be full rank or rank deficient. These methods are iterative methods without matrix multiplication, and are especially suitable for solving large-scale matrix equations. It is theoretically proved these methods converge to the solution or least square solution of the matrix equation. The numerical results show that these methods are more efficient than the existing algorithms for high-dimensional matrix equations.
Performance Optimization and Exergy Analysis of Thermoelectric Heat Recovery System for Gas Turbine Power Plants
Authors: Alsaghir Ahmad M. , Bahk Je-Hyeong
Published: October 2023

Thermoelectric (TE) waste heat recovery has attracted significant attention over the past decades, owing to its direct heat-to-electricity conversion capability and reliable operation. However, methods of system-level TE design optimization for specific application systems have not been thoroughly investigated. This work theoretically studies the performance optimization and exergy analysis of TE systems for recovering waste heat from the exhaust ducts of a gas turbine power plant. A numerical tool has been developed to solve the coupled charge and heat current equations with temperature-dependent material properties and convective heat transfer at the interfaces. Our calculations show that at the optimum design with 50 % fill factor and 6-mm leg thickness made of state-of-the-art Bi2Te3 alloys, the proposed system can reach power output of 10.5 kW for the TE system attached on a 2 m-long, 0.5 x 0.5 m2-area exhaust duct with system efficiency of 5 % and material cost per power of 0.23 $/W. Moreover, our extensive exergy analysis reveals that only 1 % of the exergy content of the exhaust gas is exploited in this heat recovery process and the exergy efficiency of the TE system can reach 8 % with improvement potential of 85 %.
Reliability Assessment Approach for Fire-resistance Performance of Prestressed Steel-Concrete Box Girder Bridges
Authors: Maojun Duan , Jianbao Miao , Jiahong Wu , Fenghui Dong
Published: October 2023

This paper uses probability method to evaluate the fire safety performance of prestressed steel-concrete beam bridges based on simulation experimental research. Firstly, fire simulation experimental sample analysis was conducted on actual small box girder bridges to obtain the structural response of prestressed steel-concrete structures under fire, which is in line with engineering practice. Next, construct a reliability analysis model for the fire resistance performance of prestressed steel-concrete beam bridges; Combining reliability theory with finite element method, establish a reliability analysis method for the fire resistance performance of prestressed steel-concrete beam bridges. Subsequently, a safety factor evaluation model for the fire resistance performance of prestressed steel-concrete beam bridges was proposed, and a safety factor evaluation method for the fire resistance performance of prestressed steel-concrete beam bridges based on reliability back analysis was established. Finally, based on the analysis of the structural response after a fire in a specific case of a simply supported to continuous prestressed steel-concrete continuous beam bridge project, a structural resistance sample of the prestressed steel-concrete beam bridge is generated through uniform design method, and statistical analysis is conducted. Subsequently, probability methods are used to evaluate the safety of the prestressed steel-concrete beam bridge after a fire. Through analysis, it can be concluded that the time of fire has a significant impact on the structural performance of prestressed steel-concrete beam bridges, and the randomness of parameters has a significant impact on the safety reserve of prestressed steel-concrete beam bridges after fire. It is necessary to pay attention to it in specific engineering practice and strengthen the monitoring and statistics of structural random characteristics.
Shear Strength Analysis and Slope Stability Study of Straight Root Herbaceous Root Soil Composite
Authors: Wang Bingyu , Wang Shijie
Published: October 2023

Bare slope instability is a prevalent concern. The root system of, herbaceous vegetation enhances the shear strength of shallow–slope soil. Indoor experiments were conducted on rootless undisturbed soil (RUS) and undisturbed soil with a root system (USRS) using a triaxial compression apparatus to analyze the slope stability of composite soil with a Tagetes erecta root system. Significance tests and correlation analysis of the factors affecting shear performance were conducted using R software. The slope reinforcement, effect by the plant root system was simulated under 24 working conditions using the MIDAS finite element method. The results revealed the influence of the–root content (RC), moisture content (MC), and stress on the shear strength of USRS, the contribution degree, and the variables’ influences on slope stability. Both RUS and USRS exhibited strain hardening during shearing. The internal friction angle (φ) and cohesion (c) of USRS were negatively and positively correlated with the RC and MC (root burial depth), respectively, and a good fit was obtained for the relationship. The maximum deviatoric stress during shear failure was 1.29 times higher for USRS than for RUS. The RC (root depth) was positively correlated with the slope safety coefficient and the slope of the line under different working conditions, whereas the slope gradient was negatively correlated with the slope safety coefficient. The reinforcement effect by the root system resulted in a 13.2% increase in the safety coefficient and improved stability of slopes with a gradient larger than 1.5%. This article investigated the mechanism of the root–soil system and, the effects of different influencing factors on the shear strength of the soil, and slope stability. The findings provide new insights into shallow slope stability in practical slope protection projects.
A Study on the Feasibility of LiFi in an Intra-Vehicular Data Transmission Application
Authors: Guan Hongyu , Hina Manolo Dulva
Published: October 2023

Given the recent advances in information technology, speed has become an important requirement in data transmission. Given that an LED (light emitting diode) can turn on and off several thousand or even millions of times per second, then LiFi (light fidelity) technology has strong advantages over WiFi (wireless fidelity) in terms of speed. In this research project, a consortium involving an academic institution decided to evaluate the maturity of LiFi technology and design a demonstrator that could be integrated in a vehicle via an intra-vehicle data transmission system. The demonstrator is to implement a two-way LiFi communication between the reading light of a vehicle and a portable device such as a tablet or smartphone. The nomadic device must display, via an interface, data in real time. The data is RNT (Digital Terrestrial Radio) and TNT (Digital Terrestrial Television) provided by an in-house antenna. LiFi depends on optical technology. The optical characteristics have significant influences on the system. The paper shows ways to improve the system’s throughput, communication range, and reception area. By replacing the reading light with a more powerful one with better optical characteristics, the communication range and reception area improve. By using symmetrical power supply, the throughput improves. Likewise, by using optical filters that eliminate noise, the throughput also improves. We have demonstrated that LiFi data transmission in the vehicle is feasible; low-definition videos were successfully transmitted. The paper acknowledges that there are still various avenues for this work’s improvement.
CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*22 Cluster Polymorphism Effects on LCP-Tac Tacrolimus Exposure: Population Pharmacokinetic Approach
Authors: Mohammed Ali Zeyar , Meertens Marinda , Fernández Beatriz , Palé Pere Fontova , Vidal-Alabró Anna , Rigo-Bonnin Raul , Melilli Edoardo , Cruzado Josep M , Grinyó Josep M , Colom Helena , Lloberas Nuria
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study is to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model and to investigate the influence of CYP3A5/CYP3A4 and ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the Tacrolimus PK parameters after LCP-Tac formulation in stable adult renal transplant patients. The model was developed using NONMEM v7.5, from full PK profiles from a clinical study (n=30) and trough concentrations (C0) from patient follow-up (n=68). The PK profile of the LCP-Tac formulation was best described by a two-compartment model with linear elimination, parameterised in elimination (CL/F) and distributional (CLD/F) clearances and central compartment (Vc/F) and peripheral compartment (Vp/F) distribution volumes. A time lagged first order absorption process was characterized using transit compartment models. According to the structural part of the base model, the LCP-Tac showed an absorption profile characterized by 2 transit compartments and a mean transit time of 3.02 hours. Inter-individual variability was associated with CL/F, Vc/F and Vp/F. Adding inter-occasion variability (IOV) on CL/F caused a statistically significant reduction in the model minimum objective function MOFV (p<0.001). Genetic polymorphism of CYP3A5 and cluster of CYP3A4/A5 SNPs statistically significantly influenced Tac CL/F. In conclusion a PopPK model was successfully developed for LCP-Tac formulation in stable renal transplant patients. CYP3A4/A5 SNPs as a combined cluster including three different phenotypes (high, intermediate, and poor metabolizers) was the most powerful covariate to describe part of inter-individual variability associated with apparent elimination clearance. Incorporating this covariate in the initial dose calculation and during the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) would probably optimize Tac exposure attainments.
Inverse magnetocaloric effect in Heusler Ni44.4Mn36.2Sn14.9Cu4.5 alloy at low temperatures
Authors: Kamantsev Alexander P. , Koshkid’ko Yuriy S. , Gaifullin Ruslan Yu. , Musabirov Irek I. , Koshelev Anatoliy V. , Mashirov Alexey Victorovich , Sokolovskiy Vladimir V. , Buchelnikov Vasiliy D. , Ćwik Jacek , Shavrov Vladimir G.
Published: October 2023

The direct measurements of the magnetocaloric effect were performed in Heusler Ni44.4Mn36.2Sn14.9Cu4.5 alloy at cryogenic temperatures in magnetic fields up to 10 T. The maximum value of the inverse magnetocaloric effect in a field of 10 T was observed ∆Tad = –2.7 K in the vicinity of the 1st order magnetostructural phase transition at T0 = 117 K. The ab initio and Monte Carlo calculations were performed to discuss the effect Cu doping into Ni-Mn-Sn compound on the ground state structural and magnetic properties. It is shown that with increasing Cu content the martensitic transition temperature decreases and the Curie temperature of austenite slightly increases. In general, calculated transition temperatures, magnetization values are correlated well with the experimental ones.
Extension of Shelf Life and Postharvest Quality of Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Nagano) with Forced-air Precooling and Modified Atmosphere Packaging
Authors: Yeboah Samuel , Hong Sae-Jin , Park Yeri , Choi Jeong Hee , Eum Hyang Lan
Published: October 2023

Optimum postharvest storage conditions increase the shelf life and postharvest quality of horticultural crops. The effects of forced-air precooling (FAP) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on shelf life, physicochemical quality, and health-promoting properties of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Nagano) harvested at 90% and 50% coloring stages in May and July respectively, stored at 11℃, 95% relative humidity were assessed. Fruits were treated with FAP + 30 μm polyethylene liner (FOLO), FAP (FOLX), 30 μm polyethylene liner (FXLO), and control (FXLX). The quality attributes, viz. weight loss, firmness, color, SSC, soluble sugars, TPC, TFC, DPPH, and ABTS were evaluated. FOLO maintained sensory quality (weight loss, firmness, and color), physicochemical (soluble solids content and soluble sugars), and health-promoting properties compared to other treatments during storage. The investigated parameters differed significantly (p < 0.05) among treatments except soluble sugars. The 50% coloring fruits had a huge variation between treatments than 90% coloring. The results revealed more TPC and antioxidant capacity in 50% than in 90% coloring fruits. The study highlights the need to consider the ideal fruit coloring stage at harvest under the effect of FAP and MAP treatments in preserving bell pepper's postharvest quality and shelf life.
Efficacy and safety of biologics in treating ankylosing spondylitis and their impact on quality of life and comorbidities: a narrative review
Authors: Alotaibi Abdulrahman Bandar , Albarrak Danah Abdullah , Alammari Yousef
Published: October 2023

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that affects the axial skeleton, causing intense pain, progressive joint destruction, and a gradual reduction in physical function. It has been recognized not only as affecting the axial skeleton but as a systemic disease. Since it also causes an increase in the rates of inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, acute anterior uveitis, and mental disorders affecting the quality of life. Furthermore, an association with neurological and cardiovascular events is documented. With the advent of biologics, treating AS dramatically changed due to its high efficacy and tolerable safety. AS can be treated with various biological treatments. Nevertheless, there are differences in traits, including rapidity of onset, long-term efficacy, safety profile, and influence on comorbidities. A better understanding of such traits enables clinicians to make the best decision for each patient, increasing persistence, extending medication survival, enhancing patient satisfaction, and reducing the disease effect of ankylosing spondylitis. In this article, we emphasize biologics' efficacy and safety profile in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. In addition, we discuss the impact of biologics on comorbidities and health-related quality of life.
Seaweeds Calliblepharis jubata and Fucus vesiculosus Pigments: Antidermatophytic Activity
Authors: Gomes Louisa , Cotas João , Fernades Chantal , Gonçalves Teresa , Pereira Leonel
Published: October 2023

Seaweeds have been the target of much attention due to the known bioactivities of some of their compounds. Although many studies about the application of seaweeds in various areas are available, these data are mostly about the raw extracts and not about specific compounds, such as seaweeds pigments. Moreover, the fungal infections of the skin, nails and hair caused by dermatophytes, are the most common fungal infections in humans. These pathologies require long periods of topical and/or systemic treatment that are associated with adverse effects and contraindications. This study had two objectives, the first was to evaluate the possibility of isolating and characterizing the pigments of Calliblepharis jubata and Fucus vesiculosus; the second was to assess their antifungal activity. The extraction of pigments was performed using a method of extraction by exhaustion; the purification was carried out by column chromatography. Three techniques were used to characterize the pigments, thin layer chromatography (TLC), UV-visible spectrophotometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antifungal activity was evaluated using the micro-dilution method, following the EUCAST international standards, on three dermatophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis. It was possible to observe that the extract obtained from the seaweed C. jubata and F. vesiculosus, corresponding to the purified pigment phycobiliprotein, and the crude extract, an enriched extract, obtained from the seaweed C. jubata showed antifungal activity against the three fungal agents of human skin infection.
A Machine Learning study of the Effect of Process Parameters on Tensile Strength of FDM PLA and PLA-CF
Authors: Ziadia Abdelhamid , Habibi Mohamed , Kelouwani Sousso
Published: October 2023

Material Extrusion is a popular additive manufacturing technology due to its low cost, wide market availability, ability to construct complex parts, safety, and cleanliness. However, optimizing the process parameters to obtain the best possible mechanical properties has not been extensively studied. This paper aims to develop ensemble learning-based models to predict the ultimate tensile strength, Young's modulus, and strain at break of PLA and PLA-CF 3D-printed parts, using printing temperature, printing speed, and layer thickness as process parameters. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of process parameters and material selection on the mechanical properties of the printed parts and uses Genetic Algorithms for multi-objective optimization according to user specifications. The results indicate that process parameters and material selection significantly influence the mechanical properties of the printed parts. The Genetic Algorithm successfully identifies optimal parameter values for the desired mechanical properties. Moreover, this work is the first to model Process-Structure-Properties relationships for an additive manufacturing process and to use a multi-objective optimization approach for multiple mechanical properties, utilizing ensemble learning-based algorithms and Genetic Algorithms.
Predictive Power of Random Forests in Analyzing Risk Management in Islamic Banking
Authors: Aysan Ahmet Faruk , Ciftler Bekir Sait , Unal Ibrahim Musa
Published: October 2023

This study utilizes the Random Forest technique to investigate risk management practices and concerns in Islamic banks using survey data from 2016 to 2021. Findings reveal that larger banks provide more consistent survey responses, driven by their confidence and larger survey budgets. Moreover, a positive link is established between a country's development, characterized by high GDPs and low inflation and interest rates, and the precision of Islamic banks' survey responses. Analyzing risk-related concerns, the study notes a significant reduction in credit portfolio risk, attributed to improved risk management practices, global economic growth, stricter regulations, and diversified asset portfolios. Concerns related to terrorism financing and cybersecurity risks have also decreased due to better enforcement of anti-money laundering regulations and investments in cybersecurity infrastructure and education. This research enhances our understanding of risk management in Islamic banks, highlighting the impact of bank size and country development. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for ongoing analysis beyond 2021 to account for potential COVID-19 effects and evolving risk management and regulatory practices in Islamic banking.
Unlocking the Potential of Indian Pasture Legumes: Nutrition, Mineral, Gas and Methane Production Insights for Use in Semiarid Regions
Authors: Singh Sultan , Singh Tejveer , Koli Pushpendra , Anele Uchenna Y , Bhadoria Brijesh K , Choudhary Mukesh , Ren YongLin
Published: October 2023

This study evaluated five annual and eleven perennial Indian pasture legumes species for their nutritive value, dry matter, mineral contents and in vitro fermentation parameters, aiming to boost their potential as animal feed. Legume species significantly differed (p<0.05) in organic matter, crud protein (CP), ether extracts, fibres, and protein fractions. Clitoria ternatea (CT) a perennial had higher (p<0.05) buffer soluble protein (477), while neutral detergent soluble protein was highest in annually grown Lablab purpureus (420 g/kg CP). Atylosia scarabaeoides (AS) had higher NSC (392 g/kg DM) than SC (367 g/kg DM). Rapidly degradable fraction (51.7 g/kg tCHO) was lower (p<0.05) than other fractions of carbohydrate. Total digestible nutrients, digestible energy and metabolisable energy varied and values were higher for Desmenthus virgatus and lowest for Stylosanthas seabrana (SSe). The NE values for lactation (NEL), maintenance (NEM) and gain (NEG) were also higher for DV (6.6, 7.95 and 4.28) and lowest for SSe (3.54, 4.24 and 0.58 kJ/g DM), respectively. dry matter intake, digestible DM (DDM) and relative feed value of legumes differed (p<0.05) with mean values of 2.22% body weight, 592 g/kg DM and 102%, respectively. Annual grasses like Dolichos biflorus, Macroptilium atropurpureum, Rhynchosia minima (RM) were found better with micro minerals compared to other perennials. In vitro dry matter degradability, partition factor, short chain fatty acids and microbial protein production of legumes varied (P<0.05) and mean values were 578 g/kg DM, 5.61 mg DDM/mL, 2.42 mm/g and 352 mg/g, respectively. Gas and CH4 production (mL/g and mL/g DDM) varied (p<0.05) being lowest gas from AS (55.5) and highest from CT-blue (141), while CH4 production was lower (p<0.05) from CT-white and AS (8.24 and 9.14) and higher from Arachis glabrata (AG) and Arachis hagenbackii (AH) (15.2 and 15.1). Methane in total gas was low for DV, RM and CT-w (8.99, 9.72 and 9.51%) and loss of DE and ME as CH4 varied (P<0.05) amongst the legumes with mean values of 4.62 and 7.86%, respectively. Based on these findings, each legume offers unique benefits, allowing for tailored combinations of annual and perennial legumes to optimize rumen feed efficiency.
IL-2 Acclimatizes Newborn Calves to Beneficial Microorganisms via Intestine-Liver Axis
Authors: Wang Xue , Guo Lili , Chang Chencheng , Dai Lingli , Baiyin Batu , Fang Junxian , Zhang Wenguang
Published: October 2023

The liver is not only a digestive gland, but also an immune tissue that receives a double infusion from the hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein. Receiving 80% of its blood supply from the intestine through the hepatic portal vein system, the liver is enriched with a large number of innate immune cells, which carry out the process of immune response by detecting pathogens entering the organism through the intestine. The intestine and liver communicate extensively through the bile ducts, portal vein and the somatic circulation, a bidirectional communication known as the intestinal-liver axis. The mammalian gut is considered an important microbial ecosystem. The interplay between the natural immune system and microbes coordinates the physiology of the whole organism, and in specific mammalian lineages, there is a dependency between the host and its associated microbes. To this end, we explored the regulatory mechanisms of natural immunity genes at the genome-wide level. Based on comparative genomics, 1473 bovine natural immunity genes were obtained by collecting the latest reports of human natural immunity genes and updated bovine genomic data for comparison, and a bovine natural immunity gene database was initially constructed to screen and match calf liver natural immunity differential genes mainly affected by the phylum Mimosoidea and the phylum Thick-walled Bacteria, and 16 differentially expressed natural immunity genes were obtained. In addition, the results of IPA analysis indicated that the upstream factor IL-2 initiated the PI3K/AKt/mTOR, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and JAK/STAT5 pathway, leading to the liver's involvement in gut microbial immune regulation.
Adaptive Terrain Perception and Decision-Making Systems for Agile Mobile Robots in Dynamic Search and Rescue Scenarios
Authors: Francis Sobers , Dam Tanmoy , Anavatti Sreenatha , Garratt Matthew A
Published: October 2023

Beginning with navigation system design, this paper presents a comprehensive strategy for enhancing the search and rescue capabilities of agile mobile robots. Towards this, the autonomous ground vehicle (AGV) utilizes surface classification to determine and prioritize the terrain it is traversing. Our developed system design incorporates real-time terrain data with task objectives at a high level, ensuring that the robot can effectively navigate complex and ever-changing environments. This design, in conjunction with the introduction of a novel lightweight surface classification model, forms the basis of our adaptive terrain perception and decision-making systems, enabling robots such as Jackal to adapt rapidly and make the decisions necessary to complete the task. Subsequently, we exhaustively validated these systems through a series of extensive experiments in a variety of terrains, including normal and mixed terrains, demonstrating their robustness and efficacy in real-life situations.
Congenital Muscular Torticollis—Current Understanding and Perinatal Risk Factors. A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Płomiński Janusz , Olesińska Jolanta , Kamelska-Sadowska Anna Malwina , Nowakowski Jacek J. , Zaborowska-Sapeta Katarzyna Anna
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is an asymmetrical head positioning resulting from structural changes in the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) that occurs early in a child’s development period or due to perinatal trauma. Children with CMT exhibit a marked imbalance in tension between the SCMs. When the clinical picture is typical, an ultrasound scan is performed to reveal characteristic lesions, such as tissue fibrosis or post-traumatic changes. Early diagnosis of CMT in newborns and implementation of treatment offer the chance of a complete cure. Torticollis treatment aims to rebuild the SCM's normal function by restoring its anatomical length, normal cervical spine mobility and muscle flexibility to enable regular head movements. Surgical treatment is performed when conservative methods fail to improve the patient’s condition. Indications for surgery include marked shortening of the SCM, persistent fibrosis in the muscle, constant head and facial asymmetry, and rotation or lateral flexion in the cervical spine restricted by > 15°. After hip dislocations and foot deformities, pediatric orthopedics addresses torticollis as the third most common congenital anomaly. Aim. This study was a retrospective analysis of 111 children diagnosed and treated due to CMT. Methods. The following were determined: the relationship between the side of CMT location and the type of delivery (cc vs. natural), between the body weight at birth and the side of CMT location, between the extent of SCM thickening and the type of delivery, and the incidence of CMT depending on the order of delivery. Results and conclusions. The analysis showed that CMT was more common in boys 61(54%) than in girls 51(46%), which may be related to the greater birth weight in boys. Of the pediatric patients with CMT, 76% were primiparous. More often, children born via natural delivery had left-sided torticollis with a more significant broadening of the SCM on ultrasound scans than right-sided torticollis. Theories of torticollis development pathophysiology should be deepened, systematized, and further researched.
Ticks and Tick-Borne Zoonotic Pathogens From Wild Birds in Northwestern Coastal Spain
Authors: Espí Alberto , Cerro Ana del , Torre Paloma Peon , González-Escudero José Vicente , Somoano Aitor
Published: October 2023

Migratory and local birds may disperse ticks and their associated pathogens. The aim of this study was to provide information regarding tick infesting birds in Asturias, region that accounts for most of the Lyme disease hospitalizations in Spain. From September 2021 and April 2023 trained and experienced bird- banders collected ticks from birds in six estuary and forest locations. A total of 1,698 birds (52 species, 38 genera and 26 families) were captured. A total 51 ticks (28 larvae, 20 nymphs and 3 females) were collected from 43 birds, belonging to three species: Ixodes ricinus (31), I. frontalis (18) and Haemaphysalis concinna (1). The average prevalence of tick infestation was 2.5% and the average tick burden was 1.2 ticks per host. The bird species Turdus merula, Parus major, Luscinia svecica and Anthus pratensis were among the most infested. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected from one Turdus merula. We have not detected B. burgdorferi s.l., Rickettsia spp., Coxiella burnetii or piroplasmids in any of the 51 analyzed ticks. The results of the study suggest low infestation rate in migratory/estuary birds and a higher rate in forest/sedentary ones. Despite this, the detection of pathogens, although with low prevalence, can pose a risk to public health.
Beyond Guidelines: The Persistent Challenge of Preoperative Fasting Times
Authors: Euzébio Ribeiro Silva Junior Ricardo , Soriano Camila , Lima Pablo , Fernandes de Oliveira Santos Bruno , Pereira Wesley , Filho Marcos Torres de Brito , Brandão Julio , Lessa Marcos Adriano
Published: October 2023

Despite the advancements in evidence-based medicine, many hospitals still maintain high rates of patients undergoing prolonged preoperative fasting. The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence of prolonged fasting time among patients undergoing elective surgeries at a Brazilian university hospital and its associations with clinical and sociodemographic variables. This cross-sectional study was conducted between May and November 2019 and included patients of all ages undergoing elective surgeries. Out of the 293 patients analyzed, 64.2% were male, with ages ranging from 1 to 85 years, and 93.9% were classified as ASA I or II. The prevalence of preoperative fasting exceeding 8 hours was 89.4%. An average fasting time exceeding 11 hours was observed across all age groups. Patients who underwent procedures in the afternoon had an average fasting time that was 16% longer than those in the morning period (13.84 vs. 11.92, p<0.001). Surgery time (r=0.134, p<0.03) and anesthesia times (r=0.121, p<0.04) demonstrated a weak correlation with fasting time. Despite the international consensus on preoperative fasting time, our study demonstrated low adherence to current recommendations. Therefore, healthcare professionals should ensure the comprehension of fasting guidelines, and further studies should aim to identify effective solutions to mitigate prolonged fasting.
Stem Cells and Infertility: A Review of Clinical Applications and Legal Frameworks
Authors: Cucinella Gaspare , Gullo Giuseppe , Catania Erika , Perino Antonio , Billone Valentina , Napoletano Gabriele , Zaami Simona
Published: October 2023

Infertility” is a condition defined by the failure to establish a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse or due to an impairment of a person’s capacity to reproduce either as an individual or with his/her partner’. The authors have set out to succinctly investigate, explore and assess infertility treatments harnessing the potential of stem cells to effectively and safely treat infertility, in addition to the legal and regulatory complexities at the heart of stem cell research, with an overview of the legislative state of affairs in six major European countries. In couples who cannot benefit from assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to treat their infertility, stem cells-based approaches have been shown to be a highly promising approach. Nonetheless, lingering ethical and immunological uncertainties require more conclusive findings and data before such treatment avenues can become mainstream and applied large scale. The isolation of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is ethically controversial, since their collection involves the destruction of human embryonic tissue. Overall, stem cell research has resulted in important new breakthroughs in the treatment of infertility. The effort to untangle the complex web of ethical and legal issues associated with such therapeutic approaches will have to rely on evidence-based, broadly shared standards, guidelines and best practices to make sure that the procreative rights of patients can be effectively reconciled with the core values at the heart of medical ethics.
Evaluation of Surface Stabilization and Reinforcement Effect of Fragile Bronzes
Authors: CHEN JIACHANG , MAI YIN , CHEN LIWEI , ZHANG LIANGSHUAI , CUI XINZHAN , LIU XIN
Published: October 2023

Under the influence of various factors, the bronze ware unearthed by archaeology has various diseases of different degrees, and the mineralization problem is more prominent. The physical properties of mineralized bronzes have been destroyed, and the whole is loose and fragile, which is in urgent need of reinforcement and protection. Common reinforcement and protection materials mainly consider surface sealing, matrix bonding reinforcement and penetration reinforcement. Considering the low matrix strength and complex disease types of fragile bronzeware, it is difficult to achieve targeted protection with commonly used reinforcement and protection materials. In view of the problems such as poor permeability and easy discoloration of commonly used protection materials, this paper uses self-developed reinforcement and protection material AMC to compare its reinforcement and protection performance with B72, which has a high comprehensive evaluation on the performance of commonly used reinforcement and protection materials. The matrix strength was increased, and the appearance intervention degree was less than B72.
Association of Vitamin B12 levels with Sleep Quality, Insomnia and Sleepiness in Adult Primary Health Care Users in Greece
Authors: Bouloukaki Izolde , Lampou Maria , Raouzaiou Konstantina Maria , Lambraki Eirini , Schiza Sophia , Tsiligianni Ioanna
Published: October 2023

Despite Vitamin B12's recognized importance for the nervous system, there's still a lack of research on the association between Vitamin B12 and sleep, especially in primary care settings. We assessed Vitamin B12 levels in adult primary health care users and investigated correlations with sleep quality, insomnia and sleepiness. In this cross-sectional study, 512 consecutive participants were included. Information regarding anthropometrics, socio-demographics, and medical history was obtained. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to quantify excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), insomnia symptoms, and sleep quality, respectively. Median Vitamin B12 was 342 (266, 446) pg/mL. After adjustments, Vitamin B12 levels<342 pg/mL showed significant associations with insomnia symptoms [OR (95% CI) 2.434 (1.331–4.452), p=0.004], especially in elderly, non-obese and female participants, with EDS only in obese participants [OR (95% CI) 3.996, (1.006-15.876), p=0.039]. Nonetheless, there was no significant association between B12 levels and poor sleep quality (OR 1.416, 95% CI 0.678-2.958, p=0.354). In conclusion, our results show that lower Vitamin B12 was associated with insomnia symptoms and sleepiness in specific groups of participants. However, further research with objective measurements of sleep is crucial to assess the relationship between sleep and Vitamin B12.
Utilizing Innovative Earth Observation Technology for Strategic Degraded Forest Restoration: A Roadmap for Carbon Sequestration and Policy Implementation
Authors: Venkatappa Manjunatha , Sasaki Nophea , Olin Stefan , Kim Soben , Abe Issei , Smith Benjamin
Published: October 2023

Amid urgent global climate and biodiversity crises, the strategic restoration of degraded forests stands as a vital countermeasure. This study pioneers a novel approach for the identification and prioritization of potential degraded forest areas suitable for restoration (PDFR), utilizing the advancements in Earth observation data. Utilizing Landsat data within the Google Earth Engine, our PDFR method applies a nuanced, phenology-based threshold classification to accurately map forest covers at a 30-m resolution, distinguishing prime restoration areas such as evergreen, semi-evergreen, deciduous, and flooded forests, and categorizing them into varying levels of degradation using Siem Reap, a province in Cambodia as a case study. The projections indicate a promising potential for carbon sequestration through restoration of the critically (~96,693 ha), highly (48,878 ha), moderately (46,487 ha), and slightly degraded (75,567 ha) forests, estimating a capture of 193.73 TgCO2 in Siem Reap from 2021 to 2030 upon comprehensive restoration initiatives. As Earth observation technologies continue to evolve, the PDFR method emerges as a strategic blueprint for data-driven policy formulation, fostering sustainable forest management and aligning with the global commitments delineated in the Glasgow Forests Declaration for 2030.
Evaluating the Electromagnetic Shielding of Continuous Carbon Fiber Parts Produced by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Martins Luís C. , Silva Cátia S. , Fernandes Leandro C. , Sampaio Álvaro M. , Pontes António J.
Published: October 2023

Electronic devices are sensitive to electromagnetic (EM) emissions requiring electromagnetic shielding protection to assure good operation, preventing noise, malfunctioning, or even burning. To assure protection, it is important to develop suitable material and design solutions for electronic enclosures. Most common enclosures are made with metal alloys by traditional manufacturing methods. However, resourcing to thermoplastic composites combined with additive manufac-turing (AM) technologies emerges as an alternative that enables to fabricate complex parts that are lightweight, consolidated and oxidation and corrosion resistant. In this research, an AM technique based in material extrusion was used to print 2 mm thick specimens with a multi-material made of micro-carbon fiber (CF) filled polyamide, reinforced, at specific layers, by continuous carbon fibers stacked with a 90° rotation to each other. Specimens electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) was evaluated in the frequency band of 0.03 – 3 GHz by coaxial transmission line method. De-pending on the number of CF layers, the EM shielding obtained can up to 70 dB, with a specific shielding up to 60 dB.cm3/g, predominantly by absorption mechanism, being 22 times higher that without the CF layers. These findings fundament this innovative approach for lightweight cus-tomizable solutions for EM shielding applications.
Extraepitopic Amino Acid Substitutions Define a Change in the Accessibility of Conformational Epitopes of the Bacillus cereus HlyII C-Terminal Domain
Authors: Rudenko Natalia V. , Nagel Alexey S. , Melnik Bogdan S. , Karatovskaya Anna P. , Vetrova Olesya , Zamyatina Anna V. , Andreeva-Kovalevskaya Zhanna I. , Siunov Alexander V. , Shlyapnikov Mikhail G. , Brovko Fedor A. , Solonin Alexander S.
Published: October 2023

Hemolysin II (HlyII) – one of the pathogenic factors of Bacillus cereus, a pore-forming β-barrel toxin – possesses a C-terminal extension of 94 amino acid residues, designated as the C-terminal domain of HlyII (HlyIICTD), which plays an important role in the functioning of the toxin. Our previous work described a monoclonal antibody (HlyIIC-20), capable of strain-specific inhibi-tion of hemolysis caused by HlyII, and demonstrated the dependence of the efficiency of hemol-ysis on the presence of proline at position 324 in HlyII outside the conformational antigenic de-terminant. In this work, we studied 16 mutant forms of HlyIICTD. Each of the mutations, ob-tained by multiple site-directed mutagenesis leading to the replacement of amino acid residues lying on the surface of the 3D structure of HlyIICTD, led to a decrease in the interaction of HlyIIC-20 with the mutant form of the protein. Changes in epitope structure confirm the high conformational mobility of HlyIICTD required for the functioning of HlyII. Comparison of the effect of the introduced mutations on the effectiveness of interaction between HlyIICTD and HlyIIC-20 and a control antibody recognizing a non-overlapping epitope enabled identifying the amino acid residues N339, K340 included in the conformational antigenic determinant rec-ognized by HlyIIC-20.
A Narrative Review on a Deep Understanding of the Dominant Physiological Energy Systems in Basketball and the Importance of Specificity and Uniqueness in Measuring Basketball Players
Authors: Shalom Asaf , Gottlieb Roni , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Calleja-González Julio
Published: October 2023

Basketball playing entails the repetitive performance of short intense actions using lower limb explosive power. As such, it is important to measure this capability in basketball players, especially among young players, and to optimize training programs and game plans. After presenting an in-depth understanding of the specific physiological requirements when playing basketball, as well as the type of movements required, The aim of this review is to better understand the importance of the physiological energy systems in basketball, to examine the contribution of each energy system and, accordingly, to heighten awareness of the importance and dominance of the alactic anaerobic physiological system in basketball, for actions requiring high level explosive power. This review of the literature depicts the horizontal and vertical physical movements and physiological requirements entailed in playing basketball, and presents eight standardized anaerobic alactic measurement tools relevant to the game. As some of these tests suit a number of ball games, the findings of this review article are important for making order of the elements unique to basketball as well as additional parameters to consider when testing basketball players. By reliably and validly testing the anaerobic alactic capabilities of basketball players, test results can be used for training purposes and for improving game outcomes. Despite the fact that much of the information in this review is familiar to coaches, highlighting the specific needs of basketball may help them to choose the most suitable tools, and may also shed light on new directions for developing basketball-specific assessment tests.
Current Insights and Perspectives on High-Throughput BiFC
Authors: JIA Yunlong , Bleicher Françoise , Merabet Samir
Published: October 2023

For a comprehensive exploration of the Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) approach, we critically assess whether protein pairs establish direct or indirect interactions within this context. Emphasizing the multifaceted nature of protein interactions, this review underscores the imperative of delineating macromolecular complex characteristics across five distinct levels: composition, stoichiometry, copy number, topology, and dynamics. A pivotal discussion revolves around the challenges introduced by the overexpression of target proteins and the potential artificial ramifications of fusion proteins. The significance of stoichiometry in protein interactions is illuminated, with the HOXA9/PBX1 interaction serving as a pertinent case study. The research identifies and elaborates on the inherent limitations of prevailing large-scale BiFC screenings, advocating for the incorporation of rigorous negative controls. A novel proposition is introduced in the form of a high-throughput multicolor BiFC strategy, exemplified using the HOXA9 and PBX1 proteins. The paper culminates with an insightful discourse on the implications of tags within the BiFC system, presenting the TriFC (Tripartite Fluorescence Complementation) assay as a promising alternative.
The EnvC Homolog Encoded by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Is Necessary for Cell Division and Virulence
Authors: Pena Michelle M. , Martins Thaisa Z. , Teper Doron , Zamuner Caio , Penha Helen Alves , Ferreira Henrique , Wang Nian , Ferro Maria Inês T. , Ferro Jesus A.
Published: October 2023

Peptidoglycan hydrolases are enzymes that cleave the peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall, facilitating cell growth, cell division, and peptidoglycan turnover. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri), the causal agent of citrus canker, encodes an Escherichia coli M23 peptidase EnvC homolog. EnvC is a LytM factor required for septal peptidoglycan splitting and daughter cell separation. In this study we investigate how EnvC contributes to the virulence and cell separation of X. citri. We observed that disruption of the X. citri envC gene (ΔenvC) led to a reduction in virulence. Upon inoculation into leaves of Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck), the X. citri ΔenvC mutant showed a delay in causing citrus canker symptoms compared with the wild-type X. citri strain. Mutant complementation restored the X. citri wild type phenotype. Subcellular localization confirmed that X. citri EnvC is a periplasmic protein. Moreover, the X. citri ΔenvC mutant exhibited elongated cells, indicative of a cell division defect. These findings support the role of EnvC in regulating virulence, cell wall organization, and cell division in X. citri.
15 Years Experience in Surgical Navigation with Tracked Instruments
Authors: Novelli Giorgio , Santamato Filippo , Piza Moragues Alejandro Juan , Filippi Andrea , Valsecchi Federico , Canzi Gabriele , Sozzi Davide
Published: October 2023

Surgical navigation has evolved as a vital tool in maxillofacial surgery, offering precise and patient-specific data. This study explores the clinical applications and accuracy of intraoperative tool tracking in maxillofacial surgery. The research includes 37 patients with various pathologies who underwent surgery assisted by a surgical navigation system using tracked instruments. The study showcases two representative cases: one involving coronoid hyperplasia with mouth opening deficit and another addressing nose-orbital-ethmoidal-frontal ossifying fibroma resection. The results indicate that surgical navigation with tracked instruments provides high precision (<1.5 mm error), reduced surgical time, and less invasive approaches. The study highlights the potential for reproducible outcomes and increased safety, especially in complex cases. Despite some limitations, the synergy between surgical navigation and tracked instruments offers a promising approach in maxillofacial surgery, expanding its applications beyond current practices.