bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
100 Jahre Givaudan in Dübendorf [1] Ein Jahrhundert für Geruch und Geschmack
Authors: Dübendorf Givaudan
Published: May 2022

The activities of Givaudan in Duebendorf go back to July 1900 when the 'Chemische Fabrik Flora AG' started the production and sales of musk xylene. Having been acquired by L. Givaudan & Co. in Vernier in 1948, the company was subsequently bought by F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co.
in 1963. Activities were restructured and concentrated in two areas: the development, production and sales of flavours for the food and beverage industries, and the research and development for fragrances and flavours.Today, Givaudan Duebendorf is part of a global group with sales of over
CHF 2000 million and a staff of 5000, and, as of June 2000, an independent company listed on the Swiss stock exchange. In addition to the history of Givaudan, the article illustrates the various facets of production, product development, and research.
Ecotoxicological Issues and their Influence on the Development of New Dyestuffs
Authors: Pedrazzi Reinhard , Geiwiz Jürgen , Golder Manuel , Grimm Roland
Published: May 2022

Up to the time of the First World War, synthetic dyes were manufactured mainly in Europe. Nowadays dyes are produced all over the world. About 50% of dyes are used in the textile industry. Some of the most urgent challenges now being faced by dyestuff manufacturers and users are those
related to environmental and toxicological issues. Over the past years, tougher regulations, standards and laws have been enacted. These will exert legal pressure during the coming years, with the goal of removing critical products from the market and compelling the dye manufacturing industry
to offer only ecotoxicologically sound products. The purpose of this paper is to point out certain consequences for research that might take place due to the regulations, and to describe recent developments towards overcoming this challenge, which has already led to considerable benefits for
the environment.
125 Jahre Chemie an der ZHW
Authors: Bührer Heiner G.
Published: May 2022

Chemical Education at the 'Fachhochschul' level started in Winterthur in 1875. After a brief glimpse at the past, the present situation of the Department of Chemistry of the Zürich University of Applied Sciences in Winterthur is discussed.
UNTERRICHTSEINHEITEN zur Entwicklung von Achtsamkeit und Mitgefühl (ab Klasse 9)
Authors: Schmidt Tatini Petra
Published: May 2022

Achtsamkeit als Konzept, Haltung und Methode ist in der Bildungslandschaft verstärkt anzutreffen. Immer mehr Lehrpersonen nutzen das Potential der Achtsamkeit für ihre Selbstregulation, für den Umgang mit Kolleg:innen sowie für die Unterrichtsgestaltung. Die vorliegende Handreichung enthält zwei Übungsreihen à acht Unterrichtseinheiten, welche an zwei Schulen in Nordrhein-Westfalen mit verschiedenen achtsamkeitsgeschulten Lehrpersonen und Schulklassen der Stufe 9 und 10 sowie an zwei Schulklassen an einem Berufskolleg entwickelt und erfolgreich umgesetzt wurden. Jede Unterrichtseinheit ist für 45 Minuten konzipiert. Die Übungen bauen aufeinander auf und sind so ausformuliert, dass sie vollständig abgelesen werden können. Nach jeder Übung können Fragen gestellt werden. Diese sind entweder als stille Kontemplationsfragen oder als Einladungen zum Austausch und für Rückmeldungen einzusetzen. Jede Unterrichtseinheit enthält einen einführenden Impuls, Achtsamkeits- und Mitgefühlsübungen, Reflexionseinheiten, eine kontextuelle Einbettung und eine integrative Übung für zuhause.
La desatención médica de enfermedades crónicas provocada por la presencia de la COVID-19 en México
Authors: Velázquez Gallardo Alma Jéssica
Published: May 2022

La Pandemia iniciada con la aparición del virus SARS-Cov2 que provoca la enfermedad de la COVID-19 evidenció la fragilidad del Sistema Nacional de Salud en México, las estrategias que implementó el gobierno para atender la pandemia fueron tardías y afectaron a los mexicanos en diversos ámbitos, el mayor de ellos en la salud. Por eso en el presente trabajo tiene por objetico analizar la desatención médica de las enfermedades crónicas y sus consecuencias en documentos oficiales y disponibles. Lo anterior con una investigación de corte teórica, con la metodología analítica y exegética en la que se realiza el análisis documental de datos de este tipo de enfermedades, mortalidad y su exceso, así como las estrategias implementadas en contraposición con la normativa mexicana que permiten concluir que se ha evidenciado retrocesos importantes en la garantía del derecho a la salud por el estado mexicano y se ha profundizado la vulnerabilidad del grupo de personas que padecen enfermedades crónicas, en su mayoría adultos mayores.
Muniz la posmodernidad: pandemia, territorio y democracia en el siglo XXI
Authors: Gómez Muñiz Magdiel
Published: May 2022

El presente documento, abreva la combinación de un análisis teórico-metodológico de la posmodernidad y el rol que desempeña el hombre del Siglo XXI, en una sociedad caracterizada por la virtualidad y el híper-individualismo, que obliga a replantear las pautas para hacer política y habitar bajo un contrato social en el que el otro sea tan importante como el sujeto que observa las transformaciones de la realidad en pandemia. Este ensayo científico consiste en analizar tres variables: 1) posmodernidad, 2) hombre digital y 3) pandemia, por medio de una revisión sistemática de literatura científica-política. Se analizaron planteamientos teóricos escritos por varios pensadores que poseen un común denominador al estudiar los retos de las sociedades del Siglo XXI, los territorios y los nuevos escenarios post-pandémicos. Los principales hallazgos confirman que existe una nueva realidad en la que la expectativa de tener prácticas solidarias dista de los rituales sociales, que se erigen en un individualismo exacerbado y con ello, un reblandecimiento del tejido social a causa de tender al otro como una potencial amenaza para la sobrevivencia de uno mismo. El mundo pos-democrático deberá obedecer al nuevo zoon politikon que, desde el autoaislamiento recurre a exigencias de ser tomado en cuenta para vivir en la ficción de una comunidad-mundo al interior de cuatro paredes, por tanto, estos elementos interconectados obligan a replantear las tesis sobre el presente y los procesos de pensamiento concomitante en relación con una tolerancia en el edificio de la sociedad humana.
La migración centroamericana en la pandemia de la COVID-19
Authors: Franco Sánchez Laura Myriam , González Gómez Diana Xóchitl
Published: May 2022

La pandemia ha llevado a reflexionar sobre los retos que han enfrentado los migrantes centroamericanos, tanto en el ámbito humanitario, social y económico. Aunado a ello se resalta la prevalencia de un modelo de desarrollo excluyente y desigual en el cual se desenvuelve esta población. Este documento presenta una mirada sobre los movimientos migratorios centroamericanos en el período de la pandemia por COVID-19 en el año 2020. Se pretende a través de la Encuesta sobre Migración en la Frontera Sur de México (EMIF Sur), analizar y caracterizar flujos migratorios provenientes de Guatemala, Honduras y El Salvador, que se desplazan en búsqueda de trabajo al territorio mexicano y/o estadounidense. Se concluye que los movimientos migratorios durante el período de la pandemia continúan en las fronteras y en las dinámicas de circulación de la población inmigrante, una migración inacabada que deberá ser interpretada en futuros trabajos a la luz de conflictos y aspectos históricos, sociales, económicos y culturales.
“Traveler’s Album” by Alexander Serov
Authors: Войцешко А.С.
Published: May 2022

В годы пребывания Александра Николаевича Серова в Симферополе (1845–1848) музыкант формируется как творческая личность, в своей активной театральной, преподавательской и композиторской деятельности проходя тернистый путь от одаренного любителя до настоящего профессионала. В Отделе рукописей Научной музыкальной библиотеки Санкт-Петербургской консерватории хранится семейная переписка Серова, свидетельствующая о его эстетических принципах и отношении к музыкальной жизни симферопольского общества. Благодаря документам можно проследить эволюцию суждений и вкусов Серова, в скором времени приобретшего известность своими работами в критической и композиторской сферах. Будущий блестящий музыкальный писатель виден уже в первых строчках каждого письма, с его подробной и в то же время прозрачной манерой изложения мыслей. Исключительное эстетическое чутье проявилось и в художественном таланте Серова  — его особый взгляд на мир запечатлен в карандашных набросках в сохранившихся до наших дней блокнотах. Огромный запас знаний, всесторонняя творческая одаренность позволили Серову привлечь внимание публики уже на стадии становления, во время службы в Симферополе. Настоящая статья посвящена публикации отдельного, чрезвычайно интересного письма, в котором образ будущего композитора предстает в типично романтическом амплуа путешественника.

During the years of Alexander Nikolayevich Serov's stay in Simferopol (1845–1848), the musician is evolving into a creative personality involved in active theatrical, teaching and composing activities, developing from a gifted amateur to a true professional. The Department of Manuscripts of the Scientific Musical Library of the St. Petersburg Conservatory keeps Serov's family correspondence, testifying to his aesthetic principles and attitude to the musical life of Simferopol society. Thanks to the documents, one can trace evolution judgments and tastes of the personality that was soon going to gain fame for his work in the critical and composing fields. The future brilliant music writer is already visible in the first lines of each letter, and his detailed and at the same time transparent manner of presenting his thoughts. An exceptional aesthetic flair was also manifested in Serov's artistic talent — his special view of the world is captured in pencil sketches in notebooks that have survived to this day. A huge body of knowledge, all-round creative talent allowed Serov to attract attention of the public already at the stage of development, while serving in Simferopol. This article is devoted to publication of one extremely interesting letter, in which the image of the future composer appears in a typically romantic role of a traveler.
Memorials on Sites of Sudden Death in the USSR: Cases from the 1940s-1960s
Authors: Соколова Анна Дмитриевна
Published: May 2022

Статья посвящена феномену практик установки мемориалов на местах внезапной гибели. Хотя мемориалы такого рода получили широкое распространение и стали узнаваемым явлением лишь недавно, они существовали с давних времен по всему миру. Они также имеют долгую историю в культуре нашей страны. В статье рассмотрено распространение данной практики в период СССР, отмечена ее связь с установкой памятных знаков на захоронениях погибших «советских героев» периода Гражданской и Великой Отечественной войн, показано, какое отражение находила данная практика в фольклоре и кинематографе в советский период. В послевоенный период практика установки памятных знаков на местах внезапной гибели также получила широкое распространение среди людей, профессионально связанных с опасностью (моряки) или имеющих рискованные увлечения (водные походы, альпинизм). Автор приходит к выводу, что практика установки памятных знаков на местах внезапной гибели в русской культуре не является поздним заимствованием. Несмотря на определенное влияние современных медийных технологий и воспроизводство типичных изображений подобного рода, в основе данной практики лежит долгая традиция.

This article examines the practice of erecting memorials in cases of sudden death which has become widespread in recent decades. Although memorials of this kind have only recently become a widespread and recognizable phenomenon, they have existed worldwide for a very long time, including in Russia. This article focuses on the spread of this practice in the USSR. It demonstrates its connection with the erecting of memorials for “Soviet heroes” of the Civil War and WWII. It also describes how this practice was reflected in folklore and cinematography during the Soviet era. In the post-war period the practice of erecting memorials in case of sudden death was widespread among people in dangerous professions (e. g., sailors) or occupied in risky activities (rafting, mountaineering). Thus the article reveals that the Russian practice of setting memorial signs at places where sudden accidental deaths have occurred is not a late cultural borrowing. While it has undoubtedly experienced some changes due to modern media and the reproduction of images of this kind, this Russian practice is based on a long tradition.
“My Investigation of German Antiquities”: The Correspondence Between F. I. Buslaev and A. I. Kirpichnikov in Summer 1880
Authors: Фадеева Людмила Витальевна
Published: May 2022

Настоящая публикация вводит в научный оборот еще один эпизод из переписки Федора Ивановича Буслаева и Александра Ивановича Кирпичникова. Несколько писем, которые хранятся в отделе рукописей РГБ, возвращают нас к событиям лета 1880 г. Если для Буслаева это было время реализации давно задуманного - время работы с западноевропейскими материалами, необходимыми для его итогового научного труда о лицевых Апокалипсисах, то Кирпичников переживал очередной период поиска себя в общественной, педагогической и научной жизни. В корреспонденции ученых выразилась их искренняя реакция на происходящее: Буслаев делился впечатлениями от знакомства с баварскими и тирольскими городами, библиотеками, служившими в них филологами и историками, Кирпичников же среди прочего откликнулся на выступления научной и творческой интеллигенции во время знаменитого Пушкинского праздника в Москве, на котором ему довелось побывать. Существенно, что именно в письмах, написанных летом 1880 г., Кирпичников впервые заявил о своем серьезном интересе к истории искусства, что в перспективе выразилось в его стремлении следовать по стопам учителя и искать пути к выработке универсального подхода в исследовании образов средневековой литературы и искусства (намерение это, заметим, им в полной мере так и не реализованное).

This publication continues to present the correspondence between Fedor Ivanovich Buslaev and Alexander Ivanovich Kirpichnikov. These letters, preserved in the collection of manuscripts of the Russian State Library, take us back to the summer of 1880. For Buslaev this was the time to bring to reality what he had been envisioning for years, working with Western European materials on his definitive study of the pictorial Apocalypse, while Kirpichnikov was going through a new period of seeking his own role in public, pedagogical and scholarly activities. Buslaev shared his impressions of Bavarian and Tyrolean cities and towns, libraries, philologists and historians, while Kirpichnikov, among other things, described the speeches of the artistic and academic intelligentsia during the famous Pushkin Celebration in Moscow, which he had a chance to attend. It is significant that in these letters Kirpichnikov declared his serious interest in the history of art for the first time. This interest was later expressed in his desire - never fully realized - to follow in the footsteps of his teacher to develop a universal approach to the study of images of medieval literature and art.
Diadiponitrilelithium hexafluorophosphate: a soft-Solid Co-Crystalline Electrolyte Combining Advantages of Organic and Ceramic Electrolytes
Authors: Prakash Prabhat , Fall Birane , Aguirre Jordan , Chinnam Parameswara Rao , Chereddy Sumanth , Dikin Dmitriy , Venkatnathan Arun , Wunder Stephanie L. , Zdilla Michael J.
Published: May 2022

Soft solid electrolyte materials are promising alternative choices for conventional battery electrolytes. Here, we have synthesized, characterized and calculated structural, thermal and electrochemical properties of an adiponitrile-based lithium-ion electrolyte which combines the advantages of organic and ceramic materials. This solid material is (Adpn)2LiPF6, (Adpn = adiponitrile) wherein (Adpn)-based channels solvate Li+ ions through weak C≡N---Li+ contacts. The surface of the crystal is a liquid nanolayer that binds the grains so that ionically conductive pellets are easily formed without high pressure/temperature treatments, which self-heals if fractured and which provide liquid-like conduction paths through the grain boundaries. High conductivity (σ ~ 10-4 S/cm) and high lithium-ion transference number (tLi+ = 0.54) result from weak interactions between “hard” (charge-dense) Li+ ions and “soft” (electronically polarizable) - C≡N, compared with the stronger interactions of previously reported “hard” ether oxygen contacts of polyethylene oxide (PEO) or glymes. The proposed mechanism of conduction is one in which Li+ ion migration occurs preferentially along the low activation energy path at the co-crystal grain boundaries and within the interstitial regions between the co-crystals, with bulk conductivity comprising a smaller but extant contribution to the observed conductivity. (Adpn)2LiPF6(s) has a wide electrochemical stability window of 0 to 5 V. Li0/(Adpn)2LiPF6/LiFePO4 cells exhibit cycling for > 50 cycles at C/20, C/10, C/5 rates with capacities of 140 mAh-g-1 to 100 mAh-g-1 and Coulombic efficiencies ~ 99%, and mitigation of the deleterious reactions with Li metal due to the high ionic strength. LTO/(Adpn)2LiPF6/NMC622 full cells were cycled at C-rates of C/20 to 1C with Coulombic efficiencies > 96%, with no dendritic failure after 100 cycles. Novel MD approaches addressing multiple conduction pathways and PWDFT calculations offer insights into the molecular basis of the physical and conductivity properties.
A Comparative Mechanistic Analysis of Palladium- and Nickel-Catalyzed α,β-Dehydrogenation of Carbonyls via Organozinc Intermediates
Authors: Newhouse Timothy , Bodnar Alexandra , Szewczyk Suzanne , Sun Yang , Chen Yifeng , Huang Anson
Published: May 2022

Introducing degrees of unsaturation into small molecules is a central transformation in organic synthesis. A strategically useful category of this reaction type is conversion of alkanes to alkenes with a conjugated electron withdrawing group. An efficient strategy for this conversion has been deprotonation to form a stabilized organozinc intermediate that can be subject to α,β-dehydrogenation through palladium and nickel catalysis. However, this general reactivity blueprint has not been studied with sufficient rigor to understand the complex mechanistic aspects of these pathways. This report details a comprehensive mechanistic study of allyl-Pd and allyl-Ni catalyzed dehydrogenation adjacent to electron-withdrawing groups, including identification of reversible and turnover limiting steps and the role of metal amides. One interesting finding is that β-hydride elimination can be preferred to a greater extent than C–C bond formation with Ni than with Pd, which juxtaposes the generally assumed trends that β-hydride elimination is more facile with Pd than Ni. Discussion of these findings are informed by KIE experiments, stoichiometric reactions, and rate studies. The knowledge gained from these studies is expected to lead to methodological advances in catalysis and greater understanding of nuanced reactivity differences between first- and second-row metals.
A sustainable approach to amide bond formation via C-O bond cleavage of simple esters in water
Authors: Rajendran Nanthini , Kamaraj Kiruthigadevi , Janakiraman Saranya , A Mary Saral , Dixneuf Pierre. H. , Bheeter Charles Beromeo
Published: May 2022

Amides contain the paramount functional group in the field of chemistry as well as biology and they play a unique role in pharmaceutical industries. Amide bond formation is a prevalent reaction using coupling reagents, usually metal catalysts and additives etc. In this context, herein, we developed a simple and efficient synthetic approach for the direct amidation through esters, simply in water, affording the desired products in good to excellent yields. Interestingly, this method features metal-free, additive-free, and base-free characteristics, and it also uses water as a green solvent. Therefore, it is a new and eco-friendly way to realize the direct amide bond formation. Applying this methodology, we prepared over 30 different amides including the drug molecule Diethyltoluamide in good yield. Finally, this approach was successfully applied to the gram-scale synthesis of a representative amide product.
Conformational energy benchmark for longer n-alkane chains
Authors: Ehlert Sebastian , Grimme Stefan , Hansen Andreas
Published: May 2022

We present the first benchmark set focusing on the conformational energies of highly flexible, long n-alkane chains, termed ACONFL. Unbranched alkanes are ubiquitous building blocks in nature, so the goal is to be able to calculate their properties most accurately to improve the modeling of, e.g, complex (biological) systems. Very accurate DLPNO-CCSD(T1)/CBS reference values are provided, which allow for a statistical meaningful evaluation of even the best available density functional methods. The performance of established and modern (dispersion corrected) density functionals is comprehensively assessed. The recently introduced r²SCAN-V functional shows excellent performance, similar to efficient composite DFT methods like B97-3c and r²SCAN-3c, which provide an even better cost-accuracy ratio, while almost reaching the accuracy of much more computationally demanding hybrid or double hybrid functionals with large QZ AO basis sets. In addition, we investigated the performance of common wavefunction methods, where MP2/CBS surprisingly performs worse compared to simple D4 dispersion corrected Hartree–Fock. Furthermore, we investigate the performance of several semiempirical and force field methods, which are commonly used for the generation of conformational ensembles in multilevel workflows or in large scale molecular dynamics studies. Outstanding performance is obtained by the recently introduced general force field, GFN-FF, while other commonly applied methods like the universal force field yield large errors. We recommend the ACONFL as a helpful benchmark set for parameterization of new semiempirical or force field methods and machine learning potentials as well as a meaningful validation set for newly developed DFT or dispersion methods.
A General Entry to Ganoderma Meroterpenoids: Synthesis of Lingzhiol via Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Magauer Thomas , Rode Alexander , Wurst Klaus
Published: May 2022

Ganoderma meroterpenoids are a fungal-derived hybrid natural product class containing a 1,2,4-trisubstituted benzene ring and a polycyclic terpenoid part. The representatives applanatumol E, H and I, lingzhilactone B and meroapplanin B share the same bicyclic lactone moiety connected to the arene via a flexible C2-linker. This flexibility is lost for lingzhiol as the b-position of the lactone is fused to the arene to form a tetralone subunit. Employing a diastereoselective iodocarbocyclization and a photo-Fries rearrangement as the key-steps enabled a general entry to these natural products. For the synthesis of the tetracyclic framework of lingzhiol, we made use of a powerful photoredox oxidative decarboxylation/Friedel–Crafts sequence.
Laryngoplasty with T-tube stenting in the treatment of subglottic stenosis in children
Authors: Komina Elena I. , Alkhasov Abdumanap B. , Rusetski Yuri Yu. , Yatsyk Sergei P. , Lokhmatov Maksim M. , Ratnikov Sergey A.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Laryngeal stenosis is a congenital or acquired narrowing of the larynx that causes airway obstruction. Approximately 90% of cases of acquired subglottic stenosis in infants and children are due to endotracheal intubation. Laryngotracheoplasty with T-tube placement is a method for treating laryngotracheal stenosis.
Aim. To demonstrate our experience of treating children with stenosis of the subglottic space using laryngoplasty with T-tube placement.
Materials and methods. 53 patients with postintubation laryngeal stenosis are treating in the surgical thoracic department of the National Medical Research Center for Children's Health for the period from 2019 until now. All children were examined. 33 patients underwent laryngoplasty with T-tube stenting.
Results. Nowadays, 18 children have been decannulated after laryngoplasty with T-tube stenting, the rest of the patients continue their treatment.
Conclusion. According to our materials, T-tube stenting is safe and can be an alternative method for treating children with severe acquired laryngeal stenosis.
Pediatric basics about tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues in children
Authors: Susuleva Natalja A.
Published: May 2022

Inspite of hemoblastoses rare incidence in common structure of pediatric morbidity, pediatrician of every specialty face with hemoblastoses in his practice. Nowadays it is possible to cure these fatal in the beginning of 1970s diseases. But it could be realized only in team work of pediatric oncologists, hematologists with primary care pediatrics of hole pediatric medical service. Early diagnosis of hemoblastoses different forms, relapse diagnosis timely, early and delayed treatment complications, realization of rehabilitation action, treatment of comorbid diseases, case follow up sphere of duties, which could be resolved by doctors team.
Post-covid syndrome in children in rare cases of COVID-19
Authors: Zakharova Irina N. , Osmanov Ismail M. , Tvorogova Tatiana M. , Berezhnaya Irina V. , Makhaeva Anastasia V.
Published: May 2022

Post-covid syndrome (PCS) is a symptom complex that occurs during and after COVID-19 lasting more than 12 weeks, which is not a possible disease. The clinical manifestations of PCS are many-sided, under their mask or manifestations or exacerbations of chronic organic activity, the trigger of which was the virus, are hidden. PCS is a diagnosis of exclusion. The main manifestations of PCS: autonomic dysregulation, cognitive and psycho-emotional disorders, disorders of the respiratory system, cardiovascular, digestive systems. Direct pathogenic factors, the main neurological manifestations are PCS of preservation of brain hypoperfusion, hypoxia and hypoxemia, resulting in energy deficiency of neuronal structures, violation of the probable, as well as virus-induced structural detection of neurons in the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain. The severity and duration of exposure appear to be increasingly dependent on the body's response to SARS-CoV-2. PCS has a different severity of severity in recovered patients and does not always depend on the severity of the acute period. Timely examination with differential diagnosis allows not only to make a diagnosis, but also to recommend therapy with a personalized approach to the correction of PCS.
A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF WASTE MANAGEMENT: SMART BIN DEPLOYMENT IN SURABAYA SMART CITY
Authors: Prastyabudi Wahyu Andy , Permata Oktavia Ayu
Published: May 2022

Waste has been always considered a notable issue in urban dwelling. The number of wastes produced by urban citizens grows ever larger including in the big cities in Indonesia. Surabaya can produce a big amount of waste around 9.896 metric cubic each day by which it is higher compare to Jakarta. Owing to the people’s habit of waste treatment, yet the implementation of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) concepts is still far from the expectation. Moreover, waste selection and sorting are yet not performed properly at the lowest level. This study aims to propose a conceptual design of a smart waste bin that connected through the IoT systems. Thus, it can be monitored remotely and may assist the truck to pick up the fully loaded waste bin. The study employs a qualitative approach to build the conceptual model of which divided into three steps: 1) collecting and categorizing the data, 2) indentifiying concepts, 3) establishing the concept model. A case study of Surabaya district is provided to show the practical usage of the proposed framework. Herein, the map of Surabaya is divided spatially into 31 districts and the data of waste, which is generated randomly, then projected into the corresponding district. The proposed concept appears to be useful as a basis of waste management systems and has flexibility for which it would provide a significant implication for those cities that implementing a smart city project. As a preliminary study, this research possesses a limitation to the fact that there is no evidence of the versatility and the verification of the concept. This study offers a conceptual design of a smart waste bin that can be deployed in the urban city. By means of spatial analysis, policymakers possess an extensive point of view in accordance with environmental trends that are not readily apparent in raw data.
ESSENCE OF THE TAGUCHI AND GRA METHOD IN OPTIMIZATION OF CUTTING PARAMETERS: A REVIEW
Authors: Sharma Khushboo , Kumar Gaurav , Kumar Mukesh
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, there is a drastic competition in manufacturing industries to provide the finest quality to the consumers with minimized production cost. Various processes are used for machining of different materials accordingly. But there are some major challenges which arise in machining of various alloys like poor surface finish, circularity error, burr formation etc. Different producers are adapting different techniques to optimize these features. This paper reviews different techniques used by researchers but it is observed that the taguchi with grey relational analysis is extensively used.
NUMERICAL MODELING THE EFFECTS OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PARAMETERS, HEAT TREATMENT AND ORIENTATION ON RESIDUAL STRESS AND DISTORTION OF METAL POWDER IN718 PUMP IMPELLER FABRICATION
Authors: M. Haghighi Alireza
Published: May 2022

Selective laser melting (SLM) technology based on IN718 powder bed by means of finite element method (FEM) has been concerned with effects of additive manufacturing (AM) parameters, heat treatment and part orientation on residual stress and distortion of IN718 pump impeller. It is found that fabrication in horizontal position has the least and vertical position has the most residual stress and distortion between considered conditions. Also, increasing the speed of the process is very efficient and reduce the residual stress and distortion of the process up to 65% and heat treatment is beneficial in reducing the distortion in most of the conditions.
TO ASSESS THE IMPACTS OF HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS OF WATER CHANNEL ON PRE AND POST LINING: A CASE STUDY IN FAISALABAD IRRIGATION ZONE
Authors: Ahmadi Usman Khan , Kakar Mohibullah , Anjum Lubna , Afghanzai Rahmatullah
Published: May 2022

Water distribution on earth is not constant in its both forms i.e. surface water and groundwater. In many areas, the groundwater availability is changing, making it less available to agriculture for irrigation purposes. Surface water has fresh quality and frequently used for irrigation practices by diverting water from rivers and stream into canals and watercourses. As this scare and valuable resource move into the irrigation structure, a certain part of that water is lost. The losses in the watercourses are much more than those in the main channels and distributaries. So farmer’s face critical shortage of irrigation water issues. In addition to this groundwater pumping is also increasing that is decreasing groundwater table. The conveyance losses in the watercourses can be minimized by applying some lining techniques. To overcome this problem, there is a need to work out of the channel lining that ensures maximum water saving. A detail study has been carried out in the work to calculate the water losses using operational inflow and outflow approach. The losses from the pre and post lining of the canal have been calculated and assess the impacts of hydraulic parameters of the channel after lining the channel to investigate the hydraulic outlet’s performance, seepage water losses from the channel. In this concern, a case study was conducted on channel lining of Faisalabad irrigation zone. The value of the hydraulic parameters (cross-sectional area, flow velocity, wetted perimeters, hydraulic radius, bed slope, and side slope) for the trapezoidal channel have been investigated in this study. For statistical analysis a generalized linear model (exponential) R-language were used in the study. The value of water losses in pre and post lining of three distributary Lagar Disty, Nasrana Disty and Sehti Wala Minor was 2.238, 1.805, 3.008 m3/s/106m2 and 0.385, 0.486, 0.644 m3/s/106m2 respectively. The lowest losses were found in lined channel of LCC (East) Lagar Disty and the highest losses were found in the LCC (West) of Sehti Wala Minor. In this investigation work, the saving of water through lining the channel is also authentic numerically evaluated and authenticated.
PETROLOGY OF THE CRUSTAL PLUTONIC ROCKS OF NAWEOBA BLOCK, ZHOB OPHIOLITE, BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
Authors: Uddin Naseer , Kakar M.Ishaq , Farooq Umar , Panezai Muhammad , Ghani Mukhtiar , Ahmed Nisar
Published: May 2022

Zhob Ophiolite complex is composed of three detached blocks named Omzha, Ali Khanzai and Naweoba blocks. The crustal plutonic section of the Naweoba block is mapped and divided into gabbro and granite. Based on petrographical studies, the gabbros fell in the domain of gabbro, gabbronorite, and hornblende gabbro while granitic rocks fell in the vicinity of quartz-rich granitic rocks, granodiorite, plagiogranite and tonalite. Gabbroic rocks cover the maximum area of the crustal plutonic section and are usually medium-grained while at many places the grain size is quite large to be seen with naked eyes. Minerlogically gabbroic rocks consist of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, amphibole and plagioclase. These rocks maybe the fragments of main crustal plutonic section of the Zhob ophiolite. The granitic rocks having mafic minerals dominted in the eastern portion, while the felsic minerals dominted ones are in the west. The eastern side of the granitic body is compact and massive compared to western portion which is quite altered and shattered. Granitic rocks are composed of plagioclase, alkali feldspar and quartz where rutile and Cr-spinel exist in trace amounts. The gabbros of Naweoba block may have formed in a magma chamber as a result of fractional crystallization. While the granites maybe a late magmatic differentiate from the same magma chamber. The close correlation of gabbroic and granitic rocks of Naweoba block with Muslim Bagh, Khanozai and Bela ophiolites suggests their formation in supra subduction zone setting.
MAPPING OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL LANDUSE AND LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE USING SATELLITE DATA- A CASE STUDY OF SUKKUR-KOTRI INDUS REACH
Authors: Suhail Tayyaba , Ditta Sadia Allah , Siyal Altaf Ali , Ansari Kamran
Published: May 2022

The riparian zone is an ecological corridor for the rivers, forests, and lakes where the transition of water occurs between flora, fauna, and alluvial soil. It functions as a barrier to protect the riparian cities from floods, a retainer to hold the sediments transported in the water body, and a purifier in an order to adsorb the harmful dissolved solids present in the river flow. At some rivers, where the riparian zone has been degraded, the natural vegetation is observed to be under-functioning, consequently decreasing the water quality. The anthropogenic activities on river beds e.g agriculture are a reason for riparian degradation. In this study, the riparian zone of River Indus’s reach between the Sukkur and Kotri barrages is observed to identify the varying land covers and land temperature ranges due to agricultural invasion that could threaten the river ecosystem and sustainability. In a low flood period, less moisture on the river bed facilitates the detection of mature Rabi crops through the Landsat satellite. Acquired Imageries were classified for natural vegetation and agricultural area using the Visible bands. Land Surface Temperature (LST) was calculated from the pixels of the Thermal band. The images for 1999, 2003, 2010, 2015, 2018, and 2019 for February were utilized for the processing. Results demonstrated that in 1999, the 45.4% area of the Sukkur-Kotri reach was under the natural vegetation cover and decreased up to 14.2% area in 2019. In 1999, 22.5% of the reach area was under agricultural farming and increased up to 60% of the area in 2019. Analysis of surface temperature demonstrated that the areas having high temperatures are under natural vegetation cover, which is being reduced. And the areas having low temperatures are under agricultural farming, which is being increased inside the riparian zone.
PALEONTOLOGY, PALEOENVIRONMENT AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE EARLY PALEOGENE PAKISTANIAN BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL SPECIES OF HAQUE - SUBORDER ROTALIINA
Authors: Anan Haidar Salim
Published: May 2022

Eighty-five Early Paleogene Pakistanian smaller Rotaliid benthic foraminiferal species belong to thirty-nine genera from the Ranikot, Nammal and Laki Formations of the Nammal Gorge, Salt and Sor Ranges of Pakistan have been studied. The modern taxonomic consideration and systematic description of the species is based on the diagnostic morphology, list of synonyms, short remarks about morphological features, and annotations about taxa with problematic generic status. Most of the recorded species are, so far, an endemic to Pakistan, except 19 species of them were recorded in other localities in the Southern Tethys (India, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Nigeria) and also in Northern Tethys (France, Spain, Slovenia). The high abundance of pelagic Pakistanian foraminiferal assemblage indicate open connection to the Tethys, which represents middle-outer neritic environment (100-200 m depth) and shows an affinity with Midway-Type Fauna ‘MTF’.
GROUNDWATER MODELING IN SANGON HAMLET AND SURROUNDING AREAS USING FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD
Authors: Cahyadi Tedy Agung , Ernawati Rika , Trijayanti Hana , Ansori M. Iqbal , Firmansyah Ilham
Published: May 2022

Sangon Hamlet is included in the mountains which are dominated by andesite rocks and volcanic breccias which cross each other and have a distribution of joints and faults forming a fracture. The fracture is a medium for draining water in the area. There is a difference in ground water level as seen from the well. To re-detail the groundwater flow that has been formed, a groundwater flow pattern modeling is carried out. The modeling is done by numerical method assisted by Modflow Flex Software. For building the model, it is necessary to prepare a concept model, calibration and validation. In this area there are 2 aquifer systems, namely unconfined aquifers and aquitards. Furthermore, the model was calibrated using the sensitivity analysis method. The calibration results are obtained, namely the RMS value of 8.74% with a standard error estimate of 1.27 m and a correlation coefficient of 0.98. From this model, it is known that the flow of water moves from the northwest-north area in the form of a plateau by heading to the east-southeast area which is a lower plain and towards the Plampang River.
ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND STRENGTH EVALUATION OF SUBSOIL IN EDE NORTH, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA: ITS COMPETENCE FOR FOUNDATION PURPOSES
Authors: Adekeye Adekunle Moses , Olofinyo Olabode Olabanji , Olamide Ale Temitayo
Published: May 2022

This research is aimed at examining the strength properties of subsoil at Ede North, Southwestern Nigeria so as to determine its competence as foundation material. A total of 45 soil samples: 30 disturbed samples and 15 undisturbed samples were taken for different tests and analysis. These samples were subjected to laboratory tests of grain size analysis, atterberg limits for the disturbed samples while density, triaxial compression test, permeability, unconfined compression test and odometer consolidation test for the undisturbed samples. The liquid limit of the soil samples at Pit A, Pit B, Pit C, Pit D and Pit E range from 34.57% to 46.20%, 42.43%-48.02%, 40.20%-50.14%, 35.21%-46.04% and 43.04%-47.62% respectively. The plasticity indexes of the soil samples at all pit points range from 16.90%-22.70%. The specific gravity of the subsoil ranges from 2.55 to 2.65. This shows that these sampled soils are either sand or silty sand. The coarse contents of the sampled soil ranges from 33.7% to 61.2% while the fine contents ranges from 38.8% to 66.3%. Samples in pit A fall within the A-7-6 and A-6, samples in pit B and E falls within A-7-6, samples in pit C falls within A-7-6 and A-7-5 while most samples in pit D falls within A-7-6 and A-6. This implies that the soil samples are rated between fair to poor sub-grade materials. They general fall under clayey soils. The coefficient of permeability for the soils ranged from 6.45 × 10-8cm to 1.4 × 10-9cm which classified them as practically impermeable soils. Again, the values of the shear strength parameters are; the angle of internal friction ranged from 11.90 to 37.50, the cohesion ranges from 4.7 kPa to 84.9kPa.
Effects of match forms and outcomes on the phase-based elite male table tennis match performance
Authors: Yu Jiangchuan , Cui Yixiong , Xiao Dandan
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study was to explore the service roundtechnical-tactical performance indicators of three phases discriminating thematch result and the two match forms. The statistics of 72 professional men’ssingles matches of the 2018 international competitions were collected. Achi-square test was used to assess the relationship between match form, matchoutcome and service round result. Afterwards, a two-way ANOVA was performed toevaluate the effect of match form (SHM: match between players of the same handedness and OHM: match between players of the opposite handedness) and match result on three evaluation indices of thirteen technical-tactical indicators. The resultsdisplayed that: (1) there was a weak relationship between the service roundoutcome and match form for both the winning and losing players (p<0.001,ES=0.12); (2) the winners outperformed the defeated players by a highertechnical effectiveness in all three phases with small to moderate effects(p<0.05, ES:0.50-1.00) at both match forms; (3) the usage rate ofperformance indicators of the first four strokes phase and six strokes abovephase distinguished the SHM matches from the OHM matches by small to largeeffects (p<0.05, ES:0.50-1.26). This study offers insights for practitionersto comprehend the technical-tactical aspects that are deciding for performancewhen competing against different types of opponents and to make effectivetraining plans and match strategies.
Time-Dependent Behaviour of a Shallow Tunnel in Overconsolidated Clay
Authors: Laranjo Mafalda L. , Sousa Jorge A. , Oliveira Paulo V.
Published: May 2022

The presence of groundwater in clayey soils is known to affect its time-dependent behaviour. This paper presents some of the results of a parametric study performed in order to evaluate the influence of the construction technique and the soil/lining relative permeability, in the time-dependent behaviour of a shallow tunnel in overconsolidated clay. The excess pore pressures generated by the excavation are analysed and the evolution of the stress-paths with time around the tunnel section is presented. The movements induced on the soil surface and in depth as well as the loads acting on the support immediately after construction and in long-term conditions are analysed. A circular tunnel excavated at a depth of 20 m was considered and the analysis was performed using a two-dimensional finite-element code that included the MIT-E3 constitutive model.
Beklemesiz Akış Tipi Çizelgeleme Problemlerinin Analizi ve Hibrit Dağınık Arama Yöntemi ile Çözümü
Authors: Başar Ramazan , Engin Orhan
Published: May 2022

Beklemesiz Akış Tipi Çizelgeleme (BATÇ), pratik uygulamalarından dolayı kapsamlı bir araştırma alanıdır. BATÇ problemlerinde işler, makinelerde kesintisiz olarak işlem görmek zorundadır. Bir işin tüm makinelerde işlenme süresi boyunca, makineler bekleyebilir fakat işler kesintisiz olarak işlenmelidir. Amaç ise makinelerin boşta bekleme süresini en aza indirmektir. BATÇ problemlerinin çoğunluğunda toplam gecikmenin ve maksimum tamamlanma zamanının minimizasyonu olmak üzere, iki performans ölçüsü göz önünde bulundurulur. Literatürde, son yirmi beş yılda BATÇ ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar analiz edilmiştir. BATÇ problemlerinin çözümü ile ilgili geliştirilen kesin ve yaklaşık çözüm veren yöntemler incelenmiştir. Literatürde 1 ve 2 makineli problemler için optimum çözüm veren matematiksel yöntemler bulunurken, 3 ve daha fazla makineli problemler için standart zamanda optimum çözüm veren bir yöntem bulunmamaktadır. Kabul edilebilir bir süre içerisinde m makine içeren problemlere optimum ya da optimuma yakın çözümler üretebilmek için sezgisel ve meta sezgisel yöntemler geliştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, BATÇ problemlerinin çözümü için Hibrit Dağınık Arama (HDA) yöntemi önerilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem, literatürde iyi bilinen kıyaslama problemleri yardımı ile test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Hibrit Uyarlanabilir Öğrenme Yaklaşım (HUÖY) algoritması ve Hibrit Karınca Kolonileri Optimizasyon (HKKO) algoritması ile kıyaslanmıştır. Amaç fonksiyonu olarak maksimum tamamlanma zamanının minimizasyonu seçilmiştir. Elde edilen çözüm sonuçları, önerilen HDA yönteminin BATÇ problemlerinin çözümünde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
Marmara Bölgesi Kabak Üretim Alanlarında Tobacco Mosaic Virus İzolatlarının Yaygınlığı ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu
Authors: Karanfil Ali
Published: May 2022

Kültür bitkilerinde önemli üretim kayıplarına neden olan etmenlerden bir tanesi de tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)’dir. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) bilinen en fazla sayıda konukçu genişliğine sahip bitki virüs hastalığı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ülkemizde de farklı konukçularda etmenin varlığı tespit edilmesine rağmen kabak bitkilerinde (Cucurbita spp.) TMV enfeksiyon durumu ve izolatlarının genetik çeşitliliğine yönelik gerçekleştirilmiş bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu bağlamda Çanakkale, Edirne ve Tekirdağ illeri kabak üretim alanlarında arazi çıkışları gerçekleştirilerek, virüs hastalığı simptomu taşıyan 45 bitkiden yaprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan örnekler RT-PCR ile TMV varlığı açısından teslenmiş ve 5 bitkide enfeksiyon belirlenmiştir. TMV ile enfekteli bulunanlar izolatlar içerisinden 3 TMV izolatı seçilerek, kılıf protein (Coat Protein: CP) gen bölgesine göre moleküler karakterizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla etmenin CP gen bölgesi RT-PCR ile amplifye edilerek, çift yönlü olarak sekanslanmıştır. Elde edilen sekans verileri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen çoklu dizi analizleri sonucunda Marmara bölgesi CMV izolatlarının kendi içlerinde nükleotid ve amino asit düzeyinde %99’un üzerinde benzerlikler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Dünya TMV izolatları ile gerçekleştirilen benzerlik analizleri sonucunda ise izolatların birbirleri nükleotid düzeyinde %90-99, amino asit düzeyinde ise %94-99 oranlarında benzerlikler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen filogenetik analizler sonucunda ise kabak TMV izolatlarının birbirleri ile oldukça yakın ilişkili olduğu ve gen bankasında bulunan diğer Türk TMV izolatları ile ayrı bir alt-grup oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir.