bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TINJAUAN HUKUM TERHADAP EKSEKUSI OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA TANPA TITEL EKSEKUTORIAL YANG SAH
Authors: Rufaida Khifni Kafa
Published: December 2019

Peristiwa penarikan oleh debt collector melahirkan asumsi publik yang bersifat subjektif dan tendensius, yang memojokkan posisi lembaga pembiayaan (kreditur). Padahal penarikan tersebut selalu diawali dengan somasi 3 (tiga) kali berturut-turut agar debitur segera melunasi prestasinya. Penarikan semacam ini sah dimata hukum, sebab konstruksi pembiayaan konsumen memiliki dua macam jaminan yaitu jaminan utama dan jaminan tambahan (jaminan fidusia). Jaminan yang kedua diperuntukkan sebagai jaminan kebendaan untuk memenuhi pelunasan seluruh hutang debitur. Titel eksekutorial dalam Sertifikat Jaminan Fidusia mempunyai kekuatan eksekutorial yang sama dengan putusan pengadilan yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap meskipun tidak bersifat condemnatoir. Pemegang Sertifikat Jaminan Fidusia berkedudukan seperti seseorang yang sudah memegang putusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap. Namun, pelaksanaannya membutuhkan fiat eksekusi dari Ketua Pengadilan. Pendaftaran jaminan fidusia sangat penting karena melahirkan hak kebendaan yang memiliki sifat droit de suite, droit de preference, spesialitas dan publisitas.
Madrasah Transformation Into Modern Educational Institutions During The New Order
Authors: Ibrahim Basri
Published: December 2019

Madrasah is an Islamic educational institution growing rapidly and significantly in Indonesia to become one of the modern educational institutions. Madrasah in the early period of growth and development is a single educational institution for the community which aims to explore the basics of Islam. However, with advances in the thinking of Islamic scholars, the madrasah undergoes a transformation both of institutional and educational system, the change is very significant madrasa occurred in the new order. The conversion was evident in three (3) ways, namely (a) the system overhauls madrasa changed to be a gap system and classical; (B) a blend of everyday materials and curriculum between religious elements; and (c) the variety of institutional models madrasah with unique features and characteristics. As a result of this transformation is made while positioning the madrassa parallel with other educational institutions in Indonesia. Thus the madrasa has a strategic role for improving the quality of Islamic education, which has its colour of other educational institutions in Indonesia.Madrasah adalah lembaga pendidikan Islam yang berkembang pesat dan signifikan di Indonesia menjadi salah satu lembaga pendidikan modern. Madrasah pada periode awal pertumbuhan dan perkembangan adalah lembaga pendidikan tunggal bagi masyarakat yang bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dasar-dasar Islam. Namun, dengan kemajuan pemikiran para cendekiawan Islam, madrasah mengalami transformasi baik dari sistem kelembagaan maupun pendidikan, perubahan madrasah sangat signifikan terjadi pada masa orde baru. Konversi tersebut terbukti dalam tiga (3) cara, yaitu (a) sistem perbaikan madrasah berubah menjadi sistem kesenjangan dan klasik; (B) perpaduan bahan sehari-hari dan kurikulum antara unsur-unsur agama; dan (c) ragam model kelembagaan madrasah dengan fitur dan karakteristik unik. Sebagai hasil dari transformasi ini dibuat sambil memposisikan madrasah sejajar dengan lembaga pendidikan lainnya di Indonesia. Dengan demikian madrasah memiliki peran strategis untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan Islam, yang memiliki warna lembaga pendidikan lain di Indonesia.
An appraisal of building control and regulations practice in Nigeria: Project managers’ perspectives
Authors: Osuizugbo Innocent Chigozie
Published: December 2019

Development and certification of buildings for health and safety of building users necessitated the building control and regulations agencies in Nigeria, and the protection of the built-up regions from human injuries is man’s major obligation. The article aims to determine and assess the level of practice of building control and regulations in the country with a view to advance their practice. A questionnaire instrument was used, and 35 building control performance indicators were recognized, and categorised into four groups and assessed. A total of 117 questionnaires were distributed to survey participants. Statistical tools of mean, chi-square, Kendall’s coefficient of concordance and Kruskal–Wallis test by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v.23 were used. The result obtained revealed that the level of practice of the four groups of building control performance indicators is average. On the basis of the survey findings, the top most five building control performance indicators as considered by the participants are as follows: zero tolerance to illegal development and building collapse, enforcement of building control regulations, processing and scrutinizing of building plans for approval, cooperation among staff members and public enlightenment on building control and regulations. The degree of agreement between the participants concerning the performance indicators that influence building control and regulations practice in Nigeria was established. The result obtained revealed that there is a statistically significant degree of agreement among the three different classes of project managers regarding their responses. The study also revealed the drawback in the implementation and enforcement of building control and regulations in the country. Recommendations were also made to improve the practice.
PROJEKAT TUNELA ČORTANOVCI
Authors: Maksić Boško
Published: December 2019

U radu je prikazan projekat tunela Čortanovci koji je dio projekta rekonstrukcije i modernizacije železničke pruge Beograd-Subotica.
UPRAVLJANJE NABAVKOM U LANCIMA SNABDJEVANJA AVIO INDUSTRIJE
Authors: Petrović Vojin
Published: December 2019

U radu je opisano upravljanje nabav­kom u lancu snabdjevanja, sa posebnim osvrtom na lance snabdjevanja u autoindustriji u pogledu specifičnosti i tendencija koje karakteriše ovaj industrijski sektor. U drugom dijelu rada obrađena je studija slučaja vezana za kompaniju ,,SR Technics“, pri čemu su predložene mjere za unapređenje poslovanja posmatranog preduzeća.
UTICAJ REZOLUCIJE NA KVALITET OTISAKA PRI ŠTAMPI SA GRAFIČKIM SISTEMIMA HP DESIGNJET T3500 i Z5200
Authors: Perić Vojislav , Kašiković Nemanja , Jurič Ivana
Published: December 2019

U ovom radu prikazan je uticaj rezolucije na kvalitet otisaka pri štampi sa grafičkim sistemima HP designjet T3500 i Z5200. U eksperimentalnom delu opisani su uređaji koji su korišćeni u eksperimentu i objašnjeni dobijeni rezultati štampanih uzoraka.
REVITALIZACIJA JEDNOPORODIČNE KUĆE U NIKŠIĆKOM SELU BRŠNO
Authors: Roćenović Vujadin
Published: December 2019

Ovaj rad prikazuje detaljan projekat revitalizacije seoskog domaćinstva koje se može eksploatisati u svrhe razvoja turizma.
PEJZAŽNO-ARHITEKTONSKO UREĐENJE KOMPLEKSA HOTELA „TAMIŠ“ U PANČEVU
Authors: Aleksandrov Anđela
Published: December 2019

Jedan od najvećih značaja vegetacije u urbanoj sredini je taj što poboljšava stvorene, a i prirodne uslove. Stvaranje vrtova na horizontalnim i vertikalnim površinama objekata, bilo da su oni postojeći ili novoplanirani, u poslednje vreme vrlo je važno za podržavanje održivosti. Strategije koje se baziraju na principima održivog razvoja doprinose zaštiti klime i uštedi energije i obezbeđuju bolji kvalitet života za stanovnike. U radu su pored osvrta na istorijski kontekst krovnih i vertikalnih vrtova, prikazane njihove klasifi­kacije i najbitnije karakteristike i funkcije. Istražena je i analizirana primena ove vrste ozelenjavanja na hotelima u urbanim područjima, i njihov doprinos poboljšanju kvaliteta uslova života u toj sredini. Sanacijom postojećih objekata, umesto izgradnjom novih, odnosno iplementa­cijom pejzažnih struktura kroz arhitektonska rešenja sprečava se, pored ostalog, i uništavanje zelenih struktura koje su od izuzetnog značaja za očuvanje biodiverziteta i kvalitetne životne sredine.
ORGANIZACIJA MEDIJSKOG DOGAĐAJA
Authors: Ćaćić Nenad
Published: December 2019

U okviru ovog rada su na praktičnom primeru prikazani svi koraci u realizaciji jednog specijalnog događaja, koji bi se s jedne strane mogao svrstati u kategoriju medijskih događaja, a sa druge strane je i kulturno-istorijski događaj, čiji cilj je prvenstveno bio da se širokom auditorijumu prikaže deo istorije. Praktično, ovde je reč o nekoj vrsti događaja u događaju, gde je Radio-televizija Vojvodine bila inicijator i organizator jednog događaja, a i glavni medijski pokrovitelj događaja..
UPRAVLJANJE ELEMENTIMA BREND STRATEGIJE GRADA NOVOG SADA
Authors: Marić Zorana
Published: December 2019

Ovaj rad se bavi istraživanjem značaja brendiranja Novog Sada, gde je posebno objašnjen proces brendiranja, uloge i značaj brenda, elementi brend strategije, i proces brendiranja gradova. Predmet rada jesu stavovi stanovnika Novog Sada o različitim segmentima koji imaju uticaj na izgradnju brenda Novog Sada. Cilj istraživanja jeste da se istaknu upravljivi elementi koji su najvažniji za izgradnju brenda grada Novog Sada kao Evropske prestonici kulture. Rezultati istraživanja mogu da daju doprinos izgradnji imidža Novog Sada. Metodologija koja je korišćena u radu jeste kombinovana metodologija studije slučaja gde je analizirana situacija jednog grada, plus metoda merenja glavnih determinenti grada putem Metodologije brend heksagona.
IZAZOVI SAKUPLJANJA OTPADA U RURALNIM I RAZUĐENIM NASELJIMA I PREPORUKE ZA USPOSTAVLJANJE ODGOVARAJUĆEG SISTEMA NA PRIMJERU OPŠTINE UGLJEVIK
Authors: Gavrić Biljana , Batinić Bojan
Published: December 2019

U ovom radu su opisani izazovi sakup­ljanja otpada u ruralnim i razuđenim naseljima i preporuke za uspostavljanje odgovarajućeg sistema na primjeru opštine Ugljevik. Opisane su kategorije i faktori koji utiču na sistem sakupljanja otpada. Analiziran je trenutni sistem upravljanja otpadom, načini sakupljanja i transporta otpa­da u Rep. Srpskoj. Glavni dio predstavlja trenutno stanje sakupljanja otpada u opštini Ugljevik, i definisanje odgo­varajućeg sistema za sakupljanje otpada u naseljima koja trenutno nisu pokrivena uslugom sakupljanja. Konačno posmatrana su 4 scenarija sakupljanja otpada u navedenim naseljima i prikazani osnovni operativni i investicioni troš­kovi kao i teoretski prihod od prodaje izdvojeni sekun­darnih sirovina.
VALORIZACIJA URBANISTIČKOG RAZVOJA NOVOG BEOGRADA
Authors: Bulatović Slobodan , Reba Darko
Published: December 2019

Novi Beograd je opština koja je planski nastala za vreme SFRJ. Zamišljen kao glavni grad nekadašnje republike, danas je deo Grada Beograda. Projekat godinama razvijan, nikada nije do kraja sproveden u delo, ali se Novi Beograd i danas širi. Ovo naselje decenijama je bilo granično područje raznih velikih sila koje su zauzimale Beograd na jednoj, te drugih sila koje su zauzimale Vojvodinu na drugoj strani reke Save. Sa oko 200.000 stanovnika jedna je od najvećih opština Republike Srbije, a takođe i jedan od glavnih centara privrede države.
ANALIZA NAPREDNIH MOGUĆNOSTI RADNIH OKVIRA OTVORENOG KÔDA
Authors: Bojkić Marko
Published: December 2019

U ovom radu predstavljena je višeslojna veb aplikacija namenjena za podršku poslovanja ratarskog gazdinstva. Aplikacija sadrži implementaciju različitih koncepata i obrazaca. Aplikacija se sastoji iz serverske i klijentske strane, napisanih u programskom jeziku Java i TypeScript. Za skladištenje podataka apli­kacije korišćen je sistem za upravljanje bazom podataka PostgreSQL.
ANGST – DEKONSTRUKCIJA STRAHA: UMETNIČKO DELO SCENSKOG DIZAJNA
Authors: Nikolić Bojana
Published: December 2019

Projekat Angst – dekonstrukcija straha posvećen je istraživanju fenomena izmišljenog (ne)prija­telja, kao i ispitivanju pojma straha, na primeru umetnič­kog dela scenskog dizajna pod nazivom „Umivanje“. Tema proizilazi iz ličnog iskustva i oslonjena je na svakodnevne događaje sa kojima se autor kontinuirano suočava, tj. sa fenomenom koji ne može sebi da objasni. Rad se bavi pojavom izmišljenih prijatelja, njihovim različitim ulogama i uticajima na život pojedinca, kao i različitim odlikama karaktera koje poseduju. Izmišljeni prijatelji, tako, za neke pojedince predstavljaju oslonac i  dobar uticaj, tj. nešto pozitivno, dok za druge označavaju strah i nesklad, te ih možemo okarakterisati kao neprijatelje. Ovaj rad posvećen je preispituju uzroka pojave izmišljenih (ne)prijatelja.
POREĐENJE IMIDŽING METODA U MEDICINSKOJ DIJAGNOSTICI
Authors: Davidović Aleksandar
Published: December 2019

U radu su prezentovane brojne imidžing metode medicinske dijagnostike koje se danas globalno koriste u kliničkoj praksi, kao i one metode koje su trenutno u fazi istraživanja i razmatranja. Za svaku metodu navedeno je šta ona predstavlja, kako funkcioniše sam princip rada, kao i gde se ona može primeniti i koje su m prednosti i mane.
MAGNETNA REZONANTNA TOMOGRAFIJA – SISTEMSKI PRIKAZ I NOVE METODE U DIJAGNOSTICI
Authors: Ećimović Jelena
Published: December 2019

U radu je prikazana istorija MRI, sekvence i ključni elementi implementacije u uređajima za magnetnu rezonantnu tomografiju kao i njene prednosti i ograničenja. Takođe, opisana su kontrastna sredstva i nove metode u dijagnostici.
Bahasa Figuratif dan Citraan dalam Cerpen Hujan, Senja, dan Cinta Karya Seno Gumira
Authors: Rahmatika Ais , Anwar Syamsul , Sari Vita Ika
Published: December 2019

Gaya bahasa merupakan penggunaan bahasa yang khas karena berbeda dengan pemakaian bahasa sehari-hari. Kekhasan ini tentu memiliki fungsi tersendiri dalam sebuah penulisan karya sastra. Cerpen Hujan, Senja, dan Cinta karya Seno Gumira Adjidarma mengandung gaya bahasa yang mampu membuat pembaca terpesona oleh kepintarannya mengolah kata demi kata dalam cerpennya. Kajian stilistika yang dikhususkan pada bahasa figuratif dan citraan dalam cerpen HSC menunjukkan bahwa terdapat banyak gaya bahasa yang digunakan Seno untuk mengemas cerpen tersebut menjadi apik dan menarik. Bahasa figuratif mencakup bahasa kias dan sarana retoris. Bahasa kias yang digunakan Seno dalam cerpennya meliputi gaya bahasa personifikasi, simile, metafora dan metonimi. Sarana retoris yang digunakan Seno meliputi repetisi (aliterasi, kombinasi aliterasi, asonansi, anafora, epistrofa), pleonasme dan hiperbola. Jadi, Seno memakai sarana retoris dengan menggunakan bahasa figuratif. Selanjutnya, citraan yang digunakan Seno dalam cerpen HSC didominasi oleh citraan penglihatan. Selain itu, terdapat pula citraan pendengaran dan citraan gerak atau kinestatik.
Variasi Kalimat dalam Karangan Mahasiswa Dan Implikasi Pembelajarannya
Authors: Anwar Syamsul
Published: December 2019

Apakah karangan yang ditulis mahasiswa sudah menggunakan kalimat yang bervariasi? Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsi wujud variasi kalimat dalam karangan mahasiswa dan mendeskripsi implikasi pembelajarannya. Metode penelitian ini ialah deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ialah karangan mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia. Data penelitian ini ialah teks dalam karangan. Objek penelitian ini ialah variasi kalimat.  Hasil penelitian ditemukan wujud variasi kalimat dalam karangan mahasiswa. Wujud variasi kalimat berdasarkan urutan, variasi kalimat berdasarkan predikat yaitu aktif-pasif, variasi kalimat berdasarkan intonasi, dan variasi kalimat berdasarkan pola. Saran agar penelitian yang berkaitan dengan kalimat, paragraf dan karangan ditindaklanjuti lagi.
KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN KOHESI GRAMATIKAL DALAM PENULISAN FORTOFOLIO PESERTA TES POTENSI JABATAN ADMINISTRATOR DAN PENGAWAS DI LINGKUNGAN KABUPATEN BREBES TAHUN 2018
Authors: Riyanto Agus
Published: December 2019

This study aims to describe and analyze errors in the use of grammatical cohesion in writing pesrta portfolios to test the potential positions of administrators and supervisors in the Brebes Regency in 2018. The research data are misuse of markers of grammatical cohesion. The data analyzed is the discourse text from the writing of the portfolio. Data is then analyzed by using the content analysis method. The results of the research obtained indicate that the most widely used pronouns of pronouns / pronouns in portfolios are me and we in arranging sentences and tend to be repeated. substitutions that are often used are subtitution replacing the word / sentence group. The use of elliptical markers of grammatical cohesion in the portfolio eliminates many groups of words, making many sentences ineffective, while the most widely used conjunctions are additive conjunctions and causal conjunctions. The conjunctions that are used by ASN in writing are still a lot of inappropriate and misplaced ones.
PEMAHAMAN DAN KESIAPAN GURU MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA SMK KABUPATEN TEGAL DALAM MENDUKUNG IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: GHUFRONI GHUFRONI
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine the understanding and readiness of Indonesian Vocational School teachers in Tegal Regency in implementing the 2013 Curriculum. This research is a quantitative descriptive study. Respondents in this study were teachers of Indonesian Language Vocational School in Tegal Regency who had implemented the 2013 Curriculum. The results showed that Teacher's understanding of Curriculum 2013 was in the moderate category, namely as many as 12 teachers (48%). Teachers who were included in the low category were 8 teachers (32%), and teachers who were included in the high category were 5 teachers (20%). While the readiness of teachers to support the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum is in the moderate category, namely as many as 13 teachers (52%). Teachers fall into the low category as many as 10 teachers (40%) and teachers who fall into the high category are 2 teachers (8%). It can be concluded that the teacher's understanding and readiness in supporting the implementation of the 2013 curriculum are moderate.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activities and Total Phenolic Contents of the Traditional Turkish Beverages Produced by Using Grapes
Authors: Gündüz Gülten Tiryaki , Korkmaz Ayça , Solak Ezgi , Sözbir Hande Didar
Published: December 2019

In the present study, antimicrobial effects of traditional beverages produced from grapes such as traditional grape pickles, grape juice, home-made hardaliye, and commercially produced hardaliye were investigated using microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella Typhimurium NRRL B4420, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-12632, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and L. rhamnosus LGG. In addition, total phenolic content was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteau method, and antioxidant activities of grape products were evaluated using DPPH assay. Results showed that grape containing beverages have antimicrobial effects on S. aureus, E. coli, S. typhimurium and B. cereus at various minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 4.53-150 mg/mL. The lowest MIC value of 4.53 mg/mL was obtained against E. coli for home-made hardaliye. MIC values of the traditional grape pickles were determined as 4.69 mg/mL and 9.38 mg/mL against S.aureus and E.coli, respectively. On the other hand, traditional grape pickles showed weak inhibitory effects against B.cereus with MIC value of 150 mg/mL. The bactericidal effect of these grape products was not detected for any of the test microorganisms however traditional foods produced by using grapes were showed inhibitory effects at different concentrations against tested microorganisms except for probiotics and the yeast. The total phenolic contents of the grape products were within the range of 865.27-2193.08 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L. Free radical scavenging activities of grape samples ranged from 46% to 90% and the grape juice was found to have the highest antioxidant activity. In conclusion, grape beverages have the potential to act as a antimicrobial and antioxidant agents for use as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant product in the food industry.
Serada Yetiştirilen Salkım Domatesinde Çiçek Budamasının Verim ve Kalite Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Elgin Karabacak Cigdem , Yeşilyurt Er Aysel
Published: December 2019

Bu araştırma, Ayza F1 salkım domates çeşidinde farklı çiçek budamalarının verim ve kalite üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla Menderes Havzası Tarımsal Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi seralarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, domates çiçek salkımlarında 6 meyve kalacak şekilde budama yapılan (6 meyveli) grup, 7 meyve kalacak şekilde budama yapılan (7 meyveli) grup ve budama yapılmayan kontrol grubu olmak üzere 3 farklı uygulama bulunmaktadır. Salkım domates çeşidinde kalite kriteri olarak; kuru madde miktarına (KM %), toplam suda çözülebilir kuru madde miktarına (TSÇKM %), pH, titre edilebilir asitlik (TA mval 100 ml-1), meyve eti sertliği (Newton), ve antioksidan madde miktarına (%) bakılmıştır. Ayrıca domates meyve çapı (mm), meyve boyu (mm) ve meyve ağırlığı (g) belirlenmiş olup, toplam verim (g bitki-1), pazarlanabilir verim (g bitki-1), meyve sayısı (adet salkım-1), ortalama meyve ağırlığı (g meyve-1) gibi verim özellikleri detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Pazarlanabilir verim, meyve ağırlığı, meyve çapı, meyve boyu ve KM değerleri bakımından, 6 salkımlı çiçek budama uygulaması ön plana çıkmaktadır. Uygulamaların meyve indeksi, TSÇKM ve pH gibi kalite özelliklerine etkisi önemsiz bulunmuş; KM, TA, meyve eti sertliği ve antioksidan madde miktarları üzerine etkilerinin ise önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir.
The Role of Novel Pasteurization Approaches on Altering Functional Properties of Egg Proteins
Authors: Kavuşan Hülya Serpil , Serdaroğlu Meltem
Published: December 2019

Eggs are important components of the human diet due to their low cost, high protein content and protein related technological features. High digestibility of egg proteins makes it possible to consume alone in the assay of nutritive values. Binding, emulsifying, foaming, gelling, and thickening properties of egg proteins provide an opportunity to use egg in various food products as an ingredient. Therefore, the consumption of egg is increasing with each passing day, however, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimirum infections have been reported to be egg-born. These serious infections are originated from direct consumption of eggs or unpasteurized food products in which the egg yolk/albumen is added to the formulations such as mayonnaise, salad dressings or merengues. In order to prevent these infections, aforementioned microorganisms must be eliminated from the environment by pasteurization. Commercial pasteurization process is applied with hot water or vapor. Commercial processes include high temperature/short time or low temperature/long-time pasteurization. Although heat treatment is considered the most reliable method in terms of microbiological safety, high temperature and/or long time applications may have adverse effects on functional and nutritional properties of egg proteins. To ensure the microbiological safety of products without sacrificing technological or nutritional properties, researches have been centered upon innovative techniques such as irradiation, pulsed electric field, high hydrostatic pressure, and radiofrequency applications. This review is aimed to bring out the amendments occurred in the egg protein structures in consequence of aforementioned pasteurization methods.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Biochemical characteristics of Ulva rigida (Ulvophyceae) and Arthrospira platensis (Cyanophyceae)
Authors: Ak İlknur , Türker Gülen
Published: December 2019

In this study, the antioxidant activities and biochemical characteristics of Ulva rigida (Ulvophyceae) and Arthrospira platensis (Cyanophyceae) were determined. The extracts from two seaweed species were evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity, using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) method, their total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents, through Folin–Ciocalteu, Quettier-Deleu, and Price methods, respectively. The extracts of two seaweeds showed a low free radical scavenging capacity in comparison with commercial antioxidant BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), and vitamin C. The extract of U. rigida demonstrated greater antioxidant potential with a low IC50 (3.76±0.02 mg/g Ext.). The total phenolic contents were ranged from 2.21±0.08 (U. rigida) to 8.59±0.62 (A. platensis) mg GAE/g of extract. The highest flavonoid content was found in A. platensis as 22.70±0.65 mg rutin/g of extract. The contents of condensed tannin were measured 3.01±0.11 mg CE/g of extract for A. platensis and 3.76±0.06 mg CE/g of extract for U. rigida. According to results obtained, U. rigida and A. maxima possess antioxidant activity and could be used in for future applications in medicine, functional foods, and agriculture.
Beyaz Yumurtacı Saf Hatlarda Yumurta Kalitesi Üzerine Yaş ve Kafes Katının Etkisi
Authors: Eleroğlu Hasan
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada, farklı katlardaki kafeslerde barındırılan beyaz yumurtacı saf hat tavuklarda, kat farklığı ve damızlık yaşının, yumurta iç ve dış kalitesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, Ankara Tavukçuluk Araştırma Enstitüsünde, bireysel kafeslerde barındırılan toplam yüz elli adet beyaz yumurtacı saf hat tavuktan 24, 28, 32, 36 ve 40. haftalık yaşlarda elde edilen yumurtalar kullanılmıştır. Üç katlı bu kafeslerde üst, orta ve alt olmak üzere 3 farklı katta bulunan bu tavuklardan elde edilen 438 adet yumurta üzerinde; Şekil İndeksi, Yumurta ağırlığı (g), Ak yüksekliği (mm), Roche skala, Haugh birimi ve Kabuk mukavemeti (N) değerleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca kafes katlarındaki sıcaklık ve nem değerleri 30 dakika arayla araştırma süresince kaydedilmiştir. Sıcaklık ve nem değerleri arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın yürütüldüğü yetiştirme dönemi içerisinde, şekil indeksi ve yumurta ağırlığı bakımından katlar arasında farklılık bulunmamakla birlikte, yaşın etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. Ak yüksekliği (mm) üzerine kafes katı farklığı ve yaşın etkisi önemsiz olarak belirlenmiştir. Roche skalası ile Kabuk mukavemeti (N) değerleri kafes katı farklığından ve damızlık yaşından önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Genel olarak, Haugh birimi üzerine kafes katlarının etkisinin olmadığı ancak yaşın etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Evaluation on Minimum Landing Size Regulations in Turkish Marine Fisheries from Scientific Perspective
Authors: Soykan Ozan
Published: December 2019

Crucial point of fishery management is to let the fish or other species reproduce at least once during their life. Therefore it is very important to determine the length at maturity (Lm) for given species before the first capture. Focus of this study is to determine the consistency between scientific results and minimum landing size (MLS) regulations in the marine fishery of Turkey. For this purpose, 4/1 communique on commercial fishery (2016/35) published by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry was investigated in order to expose the MLS of given species in Turkey. Literature survey on Lm was also conducted preferably on studies which were performed in Turkish waters or from the Mediterranean basin in order to avoid regional differences. While 86 marine species were reported to be landed in the official fishery statistics, only 49 of them were appointed with a MLS in the commercial fisheries regulation. It was determined that MLS of 27 species were below the Lm according to the selected literature, 7 of them require result on Lm, status of the 2 species couldn‘t be decided due to different length types and 13 (27% of the decisions on MLS) of them were found to be in accordance with the scientific literature on Lm. This study shows that MLS regulation must be revised for most of the species in the surrounding waters of Turkey and comprehensive maturity studies are urgently needed in order to fulfill the scientific gap.
The Effect of Different Sugars on Water Kefir Grains
Authors: Çevik Tuncay , Aydoğdu Nilüfer Sena , Özdemir Nilgün , Kök Taş Tuğba
Published: December 2019

Water kefir is a fermented probiotic beverage produced by fermentation of dried sugary fruits and sugar using water kefir grains. Sucrose is used as a sugar source in the traditional production of water kefir. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of grape molasses, honey and unrefined sugar on water kefir grains instead of sucrose. In the study, 4 groups were formed: grape molasses (10 g), honey (10 g), unrefined sugar (10 g) and refined sugar (10 g). 2 g of water kefir grain and 500 mL of drinking water were used for each group. And each group samples were fermented for 25Â°C 48 hours. The study continued for 5 weeks. The pH values and the titratable acidity values of water kefir samples and the weight of water kefir grains were determinated once every two day, while microbiological analyzes (Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp. and yeast contents) and ethanol content of samples were determinate once every 15 days. In this study; it has been observed that the use of different sugars has no significant effect on the weights of the water kefir grains. In addition, it was determined that the Lactococcus spp. and yeast amounts in the water kefirs were higher in the samples produced by using honey and grape molasses. As a result, it was revealed that grape molasses, honey and unrefined sugar could be used as fermentation substrate in production of water kefir. At the same time, water kefir can be shown as an alternative fermented product for vegan consumers with allergies to dairy products.
Kırmızı Pancarın (Beta vulgaris var. Cruenta Alef.) Bazı Gıda Kaynaklı Patojenler Üzerindeki Antimikrobiyal Etkisi
Authors: Tomar Oktay , Yıldırım Gamze
Published: December 2019

Kırmızı pancar (Beta vulgaris var. Cruenta Alef.) Amaranthaceae familyasına ait çiçekli bir bitki olup Avrupa‘nın batısından tüm Akdeniz kıyılarına kadar uzanan bölgelerde tarımı yapılmaktadır. Türkiye‘de ise; özellikle Ege ve Marmara bölgelerinde üretilmektedir. Dünyada süt ve süt ürünlerinin, meyve sularının, sos, çorba, şekerleme, jöle, salça, kahvaltılık ürünlerin, sucuk, sosis gibi ürünlerin üretimlerinde kullanım alanına sahiptir. Türkiye‘de ise bunlara ek olarak şalgam suyu ve turşu üretiminde de yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kırmızı pancar özellikle, sodyum, potasyum, magnezyum, kalsiyum ve fosfor gibi mineraller açısından zengin olup ayrıca demir ve selenyumda içermektedir. Ayrıca; antioksidan etki gösteren fenolik maddelerden, betalain ve flavonoid açısından da son derece zengindir. Bu çalışmada; kırmızı pancarın dış kabuğundan ve etli iç kısmından farklı çözücüler (etanol, metanol ve distile su) kullanılarak elde edilen ekstraktların bazı gıda patojenleri üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkisi disk difüzyon metodu ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; en fazla antimikrobiyal etki 17 mm dilüsyon çapı ile Listeria monocytogenes‘a karşı kırmızı pancarın kabuk kısmından elde edilen su ekstratında gözlemlenmiştir. Bu değeri, 16 mm dilüsyon çapı ile Pseudomonas aeroginosa‘a karşı yine kırmızı pancarın iç kısmından elde edilen metanol ekstraktı izlemektedir. En düşük MIC ve MBC değerleri sırasıyla 23,44 ve 31,25 Î¼g / mL değerleriyle pancar kabuğu metanol ekstraktı Enterobacter aerogenes üzerinde olmuştur. Elde edilen tüm sonuçlar, Eucast (The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) ve CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) laboratuvarlarının referans değerleri ile test edilen patojen mikroorganizmaların ekstraktlara karşı dirençlilik ve duyarlılık dereceleri belirlenmiştir.
Comparison of the Observed Rainfall with Rainfall Estimated by CLIGEN Climate Model in terms of Drought Analysis
Authors: Erdoğan Müberra , Yürekli Kadri , Cömert Mehmet Murat
Published: December 2019

Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is used to determine dry and humid periods according to the cumulative probability method at different time scales. . In this study, the rainfall data between the years of 1980-2018 belonging to of Kayseri Meteorology Station was simulated by CLIGEN stochastic climatic data generator. SPI indices calculated by using observed and simulated precipitation were evaluated with the statistical methods at the time scales of 3-, 6-, 9- and 12- months. The SPI values of 3-, 6-, 9- and 12- month which are observed and simulated with CLIGEN are close to each other and the performance of the model is very high in calculating the SPI values of these time series. However, as the time period increased, the model's representative ability decreased.
Properties of Solvent Cast Polycaprolactone Films Containing Pomegranate Seed Oil Stabilized with Nanocellulose
Authors: Söğüt Ece
Published: December 2019

The increase of consumer demand for using natural products and reducing the use of non-compostable packaging materials have encouraged research on biodegradable polymers including natural components such as essential oils. Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) has active properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to prepare active polycaprolactone (PCL) films by using PSO. PCL films including PSO emulsions (5-30%), which were stabilized with nanocellulose (NC) particles, were prepared by casting method. The physical and active properties of PCL films were determined by means of water vapor permeability (WVP), mechanical properties, optical properties, release behaviour, and potential antimicrobial activity. The WVP values of PCL films was lower when incorporated with NC-stabilized PSO emulsions. The incorporation of PSO into PCL films in the form of NC-stabilized emulsions significantly reduced the transmittance and lightness values, which resulted in an increase in opacity. In the release tests, the slower release of PSO was observed for NC-stabilized films. The stabilization of PSO with NC showed to be less effective when high concentrations of oil (30%) were used. Film samples showed potential antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, however, a clear zone of inhibition around the film samples was not detected. Results also suggested that the antimicrobial effect was dependent on two important factors: the release behaviour of PSO through the film samples and, the direct interaction between PSO and microorganisms. These results showed that the combination PCL films and PSO stabilized with NC could be an interesting approach in active packaging technologies.
Uşak İli Keçi Yetiştiriciliğinin Mevcut Durumu Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: Alapala Demirhan Sibel , Erdem Murat
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada Uşak ili ve ilçelerinde keçi yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerin mevcut durumları ile, sorunlarının belirlenmesi ve çözüm önerilerinin geliştirmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, çok aşamalı rasgele örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 132 tane keçi yetiştiricisine 83 soruluk bir anket çalışması uygulanmıştır. Alınan cevaplara göre Uşak ilinde keçi yetiştiricilerinin çoğunlukla ilkokul mezunu olduğu (%86,4) ve genellikle Kıl keçisi (%89,4) yetiştiriciliği yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Uşak‘ta teke katımının Eylül ve Ekim aylarında olduğu ve serbest aşım şeklinde yapıldığı, dişilerde ilk damızlıkta kullanma yaşının 15-18 ay olduğu, ek yemleme ile senkronizasyonun genellikle yapılmadığı ve oğlakların sütten kesim yaşının 3-4 ay olduğu belirtilmiştir. Doğumların genellikle Şubat-Mart aylarında gerçekleştiği, sağımların bu dönemde başlayıp ortalama 6 ay sürdüğü, laktasyon süt veriminin 60-80 lt olduğu, sağımın günde bir defa elle yapıldığı ve sağılan sütün daha çok peynir yapımında kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ilde keçi yetiştiriciliğinde yaylacılığın yaygın olmadığı ve yetiştiricilerin büyük çoğunluğunun hayvanlarına düzenli olarak koruyucu aşılama yaptırdığı belirtilmiştir. Birçok bölgede olduğu gibi Uşak ilinde de yem fiyatlarının yüksek oluşu, çoban bulma sıkıntısı ve fiyat istikrarsızlıkları gibi birçok sebep keçi yetiştiricilerin işi bırakma noktasına gelmesine neden olmaktadır. Keçi yetiştiriciliğinin sürdürülebilir olması için üreticilerimize yönelik teknik ve ekonomik anlamda desteklere devam edilmesi ve bu yönde iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Genellikle yem girdilerinin işletme içinden karşılanmasıyla, üretilen ürünlerin toplu ve aracısız olarak doğrudan pazarlanmasıyla bazı sorunların çözülmesine yardımcı olacağı önerilmiştir. Bu konunun üzerinde durulması ve özendirici politikalar geliştirilmesi keçi yetiştiriciliğine katkı sağlayacaktır. Araştırma sonucunda, Uşak ilinde daha çok küçük ölçekli aile tipi işletmeler şeklinde olan keçi işletmeleri çeşitli teşvik ve desteklemelerle entansif üretimin yapıldığı büyük ölçekli ticari işletmeler şeklinde geliştirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Health Benefits of Ganoderma lucidum as a Medicinal Mushroom
Authors: Bulam Sanem , Üstün Nebahat Şule , Pekşen Aysun
Published: December 2019

Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst., known as “Lingzhi” in China or “Reishi” in Japan, is a well-known medicinal mushroom and traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used for the prevention and treatment of bronchitis, allergies, hepatitis, immunological disorders and cancer. G. lucidum is rarely collected from nature and mostly cultivated on wood logs and sawdust in plastic bags or bottles to meet the demands of international markets. Diverse groups of chemical compounds with pharmacological activities, isolated from the mycelia and fruiting bodies of G. lucidum are triterpenoids, polysaccharides (β-D-glucans), proteins, amino acids, nucleosides, alkaloids, steroids, lactones, lectins, fatty acids, and enzymes. The biologically active compounds as primarily triterpenoids and polysaccharides of G. lucidum have been reported to possess hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, antihistaminic effects and antioxidant, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antiangiogenic activities. Several formulations have been developed, patented and used as nutraceuticals, nutriceuticals and pharmaceuticals from G. lucidum‘s water or ethanol extracts and rarely purified active compounds. As the result of clinical trials, various products have commercially become available as syrup, injection, tablet, tincture or bolus of powdered medicine and an ingredient or additive in dark chocolate bars and organic fermented medicinal mushroom drink mixes such as green teas, coffees, and hot cacaos. This review has intended to give and discuss recent knowledge on phytochemical and pharmacological compositions, therapeutic and side effects, clinical trials, and commercial products of G. lucidum.
Auditoria aos Procedimentos de Oxigenoterapia num Serviço de Medicina Interna
Authors: Chaves Jéssica , Morna Carolina , De Freitas Catarina , Malheiro Alexandra , Marote Correia Luís , Barros Augusto , Da Luz Brazão Maria
Published: December 2019

Introdução: A prescrição de oxigénio (O2) é frequente nosserviços de Medicina Interna. Recomendações como as da British Thoracic Society estabelecem o uso apropriado de O2 emcuidados de saúde.O objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar os procedimentos deoxigenoterapia num serviço de Medicina Interna à luz das recomendações British Thoracic Society 2017.Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo observacional que decorreu num período de tempo de 48 horas e que incluiu doentesinternados no serviço de Medicina Interna do Hospital Centraldo Funchal, com prescrições activas de oxigenoterapia ou a realização de oxigenoterapia sem prescrição. Avaliaram-se 4 parâmetros recomendados:1) a indicação para a prescrição,2) o tipo de prescrição (dose fixa ou objectivo de intervalo desaturação periférica (SpO2)),3) a conformidade entre a prescrição e administração e,4) a monitorização da SpO2(prescrição e registo da mesma).Resultados: Dos 116 doentes admitidos no estudo, 114(98%) tinham prescrição de oxigenoterapia. Destes, seis (5,3%)não apresentavam hipoxemia e 57 (50%) não tinham registo daavaliação da hipoxemia. Dos 114 doentes com prescrição, apenas 38 (33%) tinham objectivos de intervalo de SpO2. Destes,61% não tinha prescrito o objectivo de SpO2 máxima e apenas8% tinha os dois limites de intervalo definidos. Dos 76 (67%) comprescrição fixa, nenhum apresentava a totalidade dos quatroparâmetros recomendados. Oito, (11%) não faziam oxigenoterapia e 39 (51%) estavam a realizar um débito de O2 diferente doprescrito. Quanto à monitorização, foi realizada, em média, 2,16vezes em 24 horas. Cinco doentes (4%) não tinham qualquerregisto de monitorização.Conclusão: A maioria das prescrições de oxigenoterapia nãocumpria as recomendações mais recentes. Verificou-se haverespaço para a optimização da prescrição, administração e monitorização da oxigenoterapia. É necessária sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde e posterior aferição dos resultados atingidos.
Reconciliação Terapêutica: Auditoria numa Enfermaria de Medicina Interna
Authors: Corrêa Figueira Mafalda , Brigas Daniela , Silva Filipa , Madeira Margarida , Carneiro Patrícia , Lobão Bárbara , Pedroso Ermelinda
Published: December 2019

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional associa-se aum perfil de doentes caracterizado pelas múltiplas comorbilidades, polimedicação e vulnerabilidade quanto à segurançafarmacológica. As discrepâncias de medicação, em conjuntocom a ausência de um procedimento de reconciliação terapêutica que implemente as recomendações da Direção Geral deSaúde, levam a consequências negativas como as interaçõesmedicamentosas, recurso não programado aos cuidados desaúde e síndromes geriátricos.Material e Métodos: Os autores realizaram uma auditoria da prevalência da reconciliação terapêutica à data da alta,avaliando os registos farmacológicos e identificando as discrepâncias e erros de medicação. Como objetivo secundáriofoi caracterizada a população internada. Os dados foram colhidos através da consulta do processo clínico e por entrevista aodoente ou cuidador.Resultados: A mediana de idades foi de 78 anos, metadedos doentes eram totalmente dependentes e verificou-se umamédia de 3,9 comorbilidades por doente. Houve reconciliaçãoterapêutica em apenas 47% e em 61% houve pelo menos umadiscrepância de medicação, sendo o erro de introdução o maisfrequente.Discussão e Conclusão: A elevada prevalência de discrepâncias de medicação e de não reconciliação advém, emparte, da ausência de um processo sistemático de recolha dahistória farmacológica, de problemas na comunicação médicodoente e da inexistência de um procedimento de reconciliaçãoterapêutica. A maior frequência do erro de introdução poderárelacionar-se com a cópia de registos clínicos desatualizados.São necessários estudos prospetivos que caracterizem os fatores que influenciam a não reconciliação terapêutica, os errosde medicação e as suas consequências a curto e longo prazo.
Livros Médicos do Renascimento: Tesouros do Conhecimento
Authors: Fiolhais Carlos
Published: December 2019

A moderna ciência médica nasceu no Renascimento, sendoconsensual que a obra fundadora é De Humani Corporis Fabrica(1543), do médico belga André Vesálio. Para além desse e deoutros livros em latim escritos por Vesálio, apresentam-se nesteartigo outros, em francês, deixados pelo médico francês seucontemporâneo Ambroise Paré. Os dois maiores médicos portugueses da época foram ambos cristãos-novos e viveram ambosa experiência do exílio: Amato Lusitano, na Europa, e Garcia daOrta, na Índia. Descrevem-se também as suas principais obras,respectivamente Curatorium Medicinalium centuriae e Colóquiodos Simples, e drogas he cousas medicinais da Índia. Por último, regista-se a imprensa médica em Portugal no século XVI,designadamente as principais obras dos professores de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra. Como biblioteca de referênciatomou-se a Biblioteca Geral da Universidade de Coimbra, queinclui a Biblioteca Joanina, sendo enumerados os livros médicasmais notáveis desse período que integram as suas colecções.
Kuasa disiplin dalam kepemimpinan di perpustakaan (studi kasus Kepala Perpustakaan Sekolah Sukma Bangsa Lhokseumawe)
Authors: Fuady Najmi
Published: December 2019

Pendahuluan . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan kekuatan yang terjadi dalam kepemimpinan di perpustakaan. Penelitian ini penting karena pembongkaran aturan untuk staf perpustakaan bukan hanya praktik disiplin, tetapi sebagai bentuk kekuatan yang tercermin oleh kepala perpustakaan.Metode Pengumpulan Data. Penelitian kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan Kepala Perpustakaan Sekolah Sukma Bangsa Lhoksumawe. Validitas data diuji menggunakan teknik triangulasi data.Analisis Data. Menganalisis menggunakan teori kekuatan disiplin Michel Foucault dengan melihat lima hal, yaitu: panopticsm, pemisahan tempat, dokumentasi, standardisasi penilaian dan penghargaan.Hasil dan Diskusi. Bentuk kekuasaan yang terjadi adalah pengawasan hierarki dan standardisasi penilaian yang dimanifestasikan dalam aturan verbal tentang waktu istirahat, papan tulis (program kerja), pemisahan jarak antara meja kerja, perbedaan bentuk tabel, kosongnya kinerja harian, standar kerja, verbal teguran dan pujian serta syukur.Kesimpulan. Tenaga berjalan secara produktif dan lancar sehingga staf tidak menyadarinya. Dalam studi ini, saya hanya menggambarkan bagaimana kekuatan direalisasikan dan didistribusikan oleh kepala perpustakaan melalui aturan. Untuk penelitian lebih lanjut, Anda dapat mengambil dari staf "bagaimana" mereka menerima kekuatan dan mereka menjalaninya. Kata kunci: Kekuatan disiplin, Bentuk kekuatan, Badan jinak, Aturan, Perpustakaan.
Developing Psychological Contracts of Justice in Improving Employee's Satisfaction at Perum Damri
Authors: Akmal Akmal , Azliyanti Elfitra
Published: December 2019

This study aims to examine the predictors and consequences of a fair psychology contract. There are relationships between the degree of reciprocal trust and fair psychological contracts, reward mechanisms for fair psychology contracts, assessment of actual performance to a psychological contract of justice, intrinsic motivation to equitable psychology contracts, equitable psychological contracts on job satisfaction and Intrinsic motivation and Job satisfaction. The population of this study is 205 staff at Perum Damri Regional Division II and data was collected using a purposive sampling technique. The criteria of the respondents chosen were staff or employees who had worked in Damri's general company for at least 1 year. Data analysis techniques in research using software smart PLS 2.0 M3. This study contains 6 hypotheses and from the research, the results of reciprocal degrees of trust influence the fair psychology contract, but the progressive reward mechanism, the assessment of actual performance and intrinsic motivation have no effect. While fair psychology contracts and intrinsic motivation affect employee job satisfaction.
Bottom-Up or Top-Down, both Required Commitment
Authors: Sukmono Renny , Budiarsih Riani
Published: December 2019

One of the strategies of the Ministry of Finance is to encourage good budget management top-down by including the element of budget realization in setting the Key Performance Indicator (IKU). Determining the target budget of a year is top-down, while for budget withdrawal plan (prognosis budget) each month of the year is set bottom-up. This Prognosis budget is used as the target to be achieved by the working unit. The budget achievements show how much effort the work unit has made in achieving the targets they set themselves. Budget achievement is a comparison between the realization of the budget achieved and the target set. The smaller the budget achievement, it can be said that the commitment of the work unit to achieve the target is still low. In 2016, there are still a number of echelon I who still have a lot to do to increase this commitment. This is proved by the varying budget achievements that can be achieved by the echelon I. There is a work unit that has a very low budget achievement which is until the third quarter it only reaches 20% of the total budget, on the other hand, there is a work unit that is able to exceed the set target. Echelon I units that still have homework include Echelon I "B" and Echelon I "C".  Difficulties in coordination with the lowest level units have indeed become one of the challenges for echelon I which have agencies spread throughout the territory of Indonesia. In addition, the characteristics of different work units are also a challenge for both to be able to impose equal treatment for all work units. Intensive and periodic monitoring from the top level is really needed to increase the commitment of lower-level work units. If the lower-level does not yet have a high commitment, it is impossible for the organization's main goal to be achieved.