bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anticancer Potential of Coumarin and its Derivatives
Authors: Bhattarai Narayan , Kumbhar Anupa A. , Pokharel Yuba Raj , Yadav Paras Nath
Published: April 2021

:

Coumarins are found in higher plants like Rutaceae and Umbelliferae and essential oils of
cinnamon bark, cassia leaf, and lavender oil. Coumarin compounds show different biological properties,
viz antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-HIV, antihypertension, anticoagulant,
anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesics, antidiabetic, anti-depressive, and other bioactive
properties. Coumarin and its derivatives possess anticancer activity against different types of cancers
such as prostate, renal, breast, laryngeal, lung, colon, CNS, leukemia, malignant melanoma. In this review,
current developments of coumarin-based anticancer agents viz simple coumarin, furanocoumarin,
pyranocoumarin, pyrone-substituted coumarin, and their important derivatives have been discussed. The
coumarin-triazole, coumarin-chalcone, coumarin-thiosemicarbazone derivatives, and coumarin-metal
complexes have been found more potent than coumarin. Hence, further study and structural improvement
on coumarin and its derivatives may lead to the design and development of more potent anticancer
agents.
Effect of Yoga on Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Maheshkumar K. , Venugopal V. , Geethanjali S. , Poonguzhali S. , Padmavathi R. , Mahadevan S. , Silambanan S.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Diabetes mellitus has a significant impact on public health. Oxidative
stress plays a major role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leading to various
complications of T2DM. Yoga is being widely used in the management of T2DM. The primary
objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to understand the effects of yoga on oxidative
stress parameters among adult patients diagnosed with T2DM.

Materials and methods:

Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Science
Direct from start of the study till March 2020 were searched to obtain eligible studies. Study
designs of all nature were included (except case studies and reviews). The primary outcome was
malondialdehyde (MDA) and secondary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C and superoxide
dismutase (SOD) levels.

Results:

A total of four trials with a total of 440 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results of
meta-analysis indicated that yoga significantly reduced MDA (SMD: -1.4 ; 95% CI -2.66 to -0.13;
P = 0.03; I2 = 97%), fasting plasma glucose levels (SMD: –1.87: 95% CI -3.83 to -0.09; P =
0.06;I2= 99%), and HbA1c (SMD: -1.92; 95% CI - 3.03 to -0.81; P = 0.0007; I2 = 92%) in patients
with T2DM. No such effect was found for SOD (SMD: -1.01; 95% CI -4.41 to 2.38; P = 0.56; I2=
99%).

Conclusion:

The available evidence suggests that yoga reduces MDA, fasting plasma glucose and
HbA1C, and thus would be beneficial in the management of T2DM as a complementary therapy.
However, considering the limited number of studies and its heterogeneity, further robust studies
are necessary to strengthen our findings and investigate the long-term benefits of yoga.
Recent Developments in Biopolymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
Systems: An Overview
Authors: Barik Soumya R. , Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Mohapatra Pranab K. , Mahal Ahmed , El-Ajaily Marei M.
Published: April 2021

:

Nanotechnology has gained momentum in recent years in the field of drug delivery, including
nanomedicine and nano-delivery systems. Several applications such as biological agents,
chemotherapeutic agents and immunotherapeutic agents are used for the treatment of a number of
diseases. This review compiles an updated summary on recent developments in this emerging field
of nanomedicines and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. The study of nanostructured
drug delivery systems helps to understand the efficient transport and controlled release of drugs to
the diseased tissues of living organisms. This has stimulated the authors to highlight recent advances
in smart nanocarriers composed of biopolymeric nanoparticles such as liposomes, dendrimers, and
hydrogels. This review also highlights some critical issues in the design of nanocarrier systems for
biomedical applications.
Analisis Kekritisan Daerah Resapan Air Menggunakan Metode Skoring di Sub DAS Cikeruh
Authors:   Universitas Padjajaran, Santosa Salsabila Surya , Suryadi Edy ,   Universitas Padjajaran, Kendarto Dwi Rustam ,   Universitas Padjajaran
Published: April 2021

Sub DAS Cikeruh mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting sebagai daerah resapan air. Meningkatnya laju pertumbuhan penduduk yang diikuti dengan perubahan fungsi tata guna lahan menyebabkan banjir dan berkurangnya resapan air tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kekritisan daerah resapan air di wilayah Sub DAS Cikeruh dengan metode skoring dan analisis spasial. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode skoring dan tumpang susun atau overlay. Hasil analisis menghasilkan lima kategori potensi daerah resapan air, yaitu terdiri dari kondisi baik, normal alami, mulai kritis, agak kritits dan kritis. Kondisi kawasan resapan air dengan luasan terbesar yaitu seluas 40.14% dari luas wilayah daerah penelitian terdapat pada kondisi resapan mulai kritis. Kawasan ini tersebar di wilayah selatan Sub DAS Cikeruh yang merupakan persawahan dengan kemiringan yang datar. Kawasan potensi resapan air Sub DAS Cikeruh masih berfungsi baik dengan luasan 4 701.78 ha terdapat di wilayah utara Sub DAS Cikeruh yang merupakan kawasan hutan.
Development research on unitary moral learning programme which tackles various moral education issues, with a focus on the 'special subject of moral education'
Authors: Oshitani Yoshio
Published: April 2021

Unfortunately, racism, cultural and religious discrimination, homophobia and other forms of discrimination remain prevalent in society. Instilling the key tenets of ethics and morality is important in helping overcome these issues. This starts at an early age with the education of schoolchildren
and Yoshio Oshitani is a researcher based at Mukogawa Women's University, Japan, who is exploring moral education and social issues in schools. Oshitani's focus is on cultivating moral judgement, moral sentiment and motivation to practice morality among schoolchildren. Ultimately enabling
them to be raised to live independently with moral practice. To do this, it is important to address existing issues in the Japanese school system and introduce a focus on moral education. As such, Oshitani and his team have developed a class whereby one hour a week schoolchildren use textbooks
and other teaching materials to understand moral values that can enable us all to live better and consider moral events and situations from multiple perspectives. The development of each child is monitored through individual evaluation, (evaluating areas of growth) with their sense of moral
values considered. Ultimately, Oshitani believes that if children can be introduced to morality from an early age, this will lead to a better, more accepting future society.
The structural change of Japanese society and the simplification of honorific language. Including coverage of the university exchange programme and teaching of Japanese to foreign students
Authors: Tanabe Kazuko
Published: April 2021

When learning a foreign language, it can prove difficult to become completely familiar with the intricacies of meaning and politeness as these elements have their roots in social and cultural contexts. In Japan, honour and politeness are of particular importance and, indeed, there exist
honorific forms of the language. In the Department of Japanese Literature, Japan Women's University, Dr Kazuko Tanabe is working to improve the provision of language education for international students, which involves imparting understanding of Japanese society's honorifics. In her work,
Tanabe is exploring the simplification of Japanese honorifics, looking at how far the language has transformed and the parallels with social changes. She is keen to shed light on the relationship between shifts in attitudinal expressions and social changes and is using a variety of analytical
methods combining quantitative and qualitative research. In addition to analysing data, Tanabe constantly re-evaluates research methods and is not afraid to make changes. It is her belief that creating new research methods leads to new research fields. In order to advance the field, Tanabe
is interested in collaborating with other researchers, particularly those involved in attitudinal expressions in foreign languages.
The Impact on Community Governance from Actual Conditions of Urban "Kominkan" (Japanese public learning centres) Reorganization
Authors: Sato Tomoko
Published: April 2021

A Kominkan is a type of learning centre in Japan that conducts activities related to culture and education and thus plays an important role in communities. Kominkans came about following World War II and although the idea was a government-sponsored project, many were also voluntarily
built by citizens in response to the government's call. As such, academia has long questioned who is responsible for the operations of Kominkan. With college enrollment rates having increased since World War II, many have questioned why Kominikans are necessary nowadays. Associate Professor
Tomoko Sato at Tohoku University's Center for Learning Support, Japan, is investigating the role of Kominkans and the kind needed in the 21st century. Sato looks at how community governance is determined, with a focus on the two main forms: top-down and bottom-up. She believes that Kominikans
are more than adult versions of schools and are actually hubs of social learning and integrated education. Ultimately, Sato's goal is to enable every individual to be afforded the same opportunities and environments through education. She hopes her research findings will impact on government
policy and social learning practices.
Research on traditional dyed and woven fabrics of the Yaeyama Islands to utilise as a tourism resource
Authors: Matayoshi Mitsukuni , Hisada Tae , Sakumoto Kunika
Published: April 2021

Katachiki (recently named Bingata) is a traditional dyed craft found in Okinawa, Japan. It involves a stencilled resist dyeing technique and dates back to the 14th and 15th centuries. Sadly, many Bingata fabrics were lost during World War II. Preserving Bingata and other traditional
fabrics is important for the local community and their traditions. These fabrics also hold important benefits for tourism and sustainability, including as new textile materials, souvenirs and for their innovative designs. Professor Mitsukuni Matayoshi, Department of Industry and Information
Science, College of Industry and Information Science, Okinawa International University, Japan, is working with Associate Professor Tae Hisada, Faculty of the Arts (Correspondence Education) Department of Fine and Applied Arts, and Associate Professor Kunika Sakumoto, Okinawa Christian Junior
College, to research traditional dyed textiles of the Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa that can be utilised as a tourism resource. One textile that the researchers are particularly interested in is a vegetable string called Tonbyan. The researchers are working to obtain Tonbyan fibres using a new
approach. Once the fibres have been acquired they will weave cloth. They hope that their method for acquiring Tonbyan fibers will be useful for craftspeople.
Control of the free convective heat transfer using a U-shaped obstacle in an Al2O3-water nanofluid filled cubic cavity
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia, Al-Sayagh Rajab
Published: April 2021

This paper deals with the study of free convection in a 3D enclosure filled with Al2O3-nanofluid and equipped with a U-shaped obstacle. The used U-shaped obstacle is considered perfectly conductive. The effect of the dimension and the orientation of the obstacle is investigated. In addition, the parameters governing the problem are varied as Rayleigh number (103 to 106), and nanoparticles volume fraction (0 to 7.5%). Results are depicted in terms of flow structures, temperature fields, and Nusselt number. Results show that the obstacle dimension and orientation can control the flow and optimize the heat transfer and the addition of nanoparticles enhances significantly Nusselt number.
Modulation of Gene Expression in Human Breast Cancer MCF7 and Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells by the Human Copper-Binding Peptide GHK-Cu.
Authors:   Skin Biology, 4122 Factoria Boulevard SE, Suite Number 200, Bellevue, WA, 98006, USA, Pickart Loren , Margolina Anna ,   Skin Biology, 4122 Factoria Boulevard SE, Suite Number 200, Bellevue, WA, 98006, USA
Published: April 2021

The human copper-binding peptide GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring small plasma tripeptide (glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine) with a high affinity for copper (2+). GHK-Cu has multiple biological effects. It is known to stimulate regeneration of skin, nervous tissue, bones, lungs and liver, protect liver from oxidative damage, restore activity of irradiated fibroblasts, reduce inflammation and increase levels of antioxidant enzymes. Recent studies established that GHK modulates activity of a number of genes. It has been shown to reverse pathological expression of 70% genes in a gene signature for metastasis-prone colon cancer and shift gene expression in COPD lungs from destruction to healthy remodeling. In this paper, we present GHK-Cu’s gene effects on MCF7 breast cancer cells and PC3 prostate cancer cells and review laboratory evidence supporting GHK’s ability to restore tissue integrity and health via multiple mechanisms, which can be beneficial for cancer treatment.
The Association of Unfairness with Mental and Physical Health in a Multiethnic Sample of Adults: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Resnicow Ken , Patel Minal , Green Molly , Smith Alyssa , Bacon Elizabeth , Goodell Stefanie , Kilby Dylan , Tariq Madiha , Alhawli Asraa , Syed Nadia , Griggs Jennifer , Stiffler Matthew
Published: April 2021

Background

Two psychosocial constructs that have shown consistent associations with negative health outcomes are discrimination and perceived unfairness.

Objective

The current analyses report the effects of discrimination and unfairness on medical, psychological, and behavioral outcomes from a recent cross-sectional survey conducted in a multiethnic sample of adults in Michigan.

Methods

A cross-section survey was collected using multiple approaches: community settings, telephone-listed sample, and online panel. Unfairness was assessed with a single-item previously used in the Whitehall study, and everyday discrimination was assessed with the Williams 9-item scale. Outcomes included mental health symptoms, past-month cigarette use, past-month alcohol use, past-month marijuana use, lifetime pain medication use, and self-reported medical history.

Results

A total of 2238 usable surveys were collected. In bivariate analyses, higher unfairness values were significantly associated with lower educational attainment, lower age, lower household income, and being unmarried. The highest unfairness values were observed for African American and multiracial respondents followed by Middle Eastern or North African participants. Unfairness was significantly related to worse mental health functioning, net adjustment for sociodemographic variables, and everyday discrimination. Unfairness was also related to self-reported history of depression and high blood pressure although, after including everyday discrimination in the model, only the association with depression remained significant. Unfairness was significantly related to 30-day marijuana use, 30-day cigarette use, and lifetime opiate use.

Conclusions

Our findings of a generally harmful effect of perceived unfairness on health are consistent with prior studies. Perceived unfairness may be one of the psychological pathways through which discrimination negatively impacts health. Future studies examining the relationships we observed using longitudinal data and including more objective measures of behavior and health status are needed to confirm and extend our findings.
An Agent-Based Model of the Local Spread of SARS-CoV-2: Modeling Study (Preprint)
Authors: Staffini Alessio , Svensson Akiko Kishi , Chung Ung-Il , Svensson Thomas
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The spread of SARS-CoV-2, originating in Wuhan, China, was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The governments of affected countries have implemented various measures to limit the spread of the virus. The starting point of this paper is the different government approaches, in terms of promulgating new legislative regulations to limit the virus diffusion and to contain negative effects on the populations.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to study how the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is linked to government policies and to analyze how different policies have produced different results on public health.

METHODS

Considering the official data provided by 4 countries (Italy, Germany, Sweden, and Brazil) and from the measures implemented by each government, we built an agent-based model to study the effects that these measures will have over time on different variables such as the total number of COVID-19 cases, intensive care unit (ICU) bed occupancy rates, and recovery and case-fatality rates. The model we implemented provides the possibility of modifying some starting variables, and it was thus possible to study the effects that some policies (eg, keeping the national borders closed or increasing the ICU beds) would have had on the spread of the infection.

RESULTS

The 4 considered countries have adopted different containment measures for COVID-19, and the forecasts provided by the model for the considered variables have given different results. Italy and Germany seem to be able to limit the spread of the infection and any eventual second wave, while Sweden and Brazil do not seem to have the situation under control. This situation is also reflected in the forecasts of pressure on the National Health Services, which see Sweden and Brazil with a high occupancy rate of ICU beds in the coming months, with a consequent high number of deaths.

CONCLUSIONS

In line with what we expected, the obtained results showed that the countries that have taken restrictive measures in terms of limiting the population mobility have managed more successfully than others to contain the spread of COVID-19. Moreover, the model demonstrated that herd immunity cannot be reached even in countries that have relied on a strategy without strict containment measures.
Teleassistance for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Parise Martina , Tartaglione Linda , Cutruzzolà Antonio , Maiorino Maria Ida , Esposito Katherine , Pitocco Dario , Gnasso Agostino , Irace Concetta
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Telemedicine use in chronic disease management has markedly increased during health emergencies due to COVID-19. Diabetes and technologies supporting diabetes care, including glucose monitoring devices, software analyzing glucose data, and insulin delivering systems, would facilitate remote and structured disease management. Indeed, most of the currently available technologies to store and transfer web-based data to be shared with health care providers.

OBJECTIVE

During the COVID-19 pandemic, we provided our patients the opportunity to manage their diabetes remotely by implementing technology. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 virtual visits on glycemic control parameters among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) during the lockdown period.

METHODS

This prospective observational study included T1D patients who completed 2 virtual visits during the lockdown period. The glucose outcomes that reflected the benefits of the virtual consultation were time in range (TIR), time above range, time below range, mean daily glucose, glucose management indicator (GMI), and glycemic variability. This metric was generated using specific computer programs that automatically upload data from the devices used to monitor blood or interstitial glucose levels. If needed, we changed the ongoing treatment at the first virtual visit.

RESULTS

Among 209 eligible patients with T1D, 166 completed 2 virtual visits, 35 failed to download glucose data, and 8 declined the visit. Among the patients not included in the study, we observed a significantly lower proportion of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) users (n=7/43, 16% vs n=155/166, 93.4% and n=9/43, 21% vs n=128/166, 77.1%, respectively; P<.001) compared to patients who completed the study. TIR significantly increased from the first (62%, SD 18%) to the second (65%, SD 16%) virtual visit (P=.02); this increase was more marked among patients using the traditional meter (n=11; baseline TIR=55%, SD 17% and follow-up TIR=66%, SD 13%; P=.01) than among those using CGM, and in those with a baseline GMI of ≥7.5% (n=46; baseline TIR=45%, SD 15% and follow-up TIR=53%, SD 18%; P<.001) than in those with a GMI of <7.5% (n=120; baseline TIR=68%, SD 15% and follow-up TIR=69%, SD 15%; P=.98). The only variable independently associated with TIR was the change of ongoing therapy. The unstandardized beta coefficient (B) and 95% CI were 5 (95% CI 0.7-8.0) (P=.02). The type of glucose monitoring device and insulin delivery systems did not influence glucometric parameters.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings indicate that the structured virtual visits help maintain and improve glycemic control in situations where in-person visits are not feasible.
Understanding the Security and Privacy Concerns About the Use of Identifiable Health Data in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study of Public Attitudes Toward COVID-19 and Data-Sharing (Preprint)
Authors: Summers Charlotte , Griffiths Frances , Cave Jonathan , Panesar Arjun
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic increased the availability and use of population and individual health data to optimize tracking and analysis of the spread of the virus. Many health care services have had to rapidly digitalize in order to maintain the continuity of care provision. Data collection and dissemination have provided critical support for defending against the spread of the virus since the beginning of the pandemic; however, little is known about public perceptions of and attitudes toward the use, privacy, and security of data.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study is to better understand people’s willingness to share data in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

A web-based survey was conducted on individuals’ use of and attitudes toward health data for individuals aged 18 years and older, and in particular, with a reported diagnosis of a chronic health condition placing them at the highest risk of severe COVID-19.

RESULTS

In total, 4764 individuals responded to this web-based survey, of whom 4674 (98.1%) reported a medical diagnosis of at least 1 health condition (3 per person on average), with type 2 diabetes (n=2974, 62.7%), hypertension (n=2147, 45.2%), and type 1 diabetes (n=1299, 27.4%) being most prominent in our sample. In general, more people are comfortable with sharing anonymized data than personally identifiable data. People reported feeling comfortable sharing data that were able to benefit others; 66% (3121 respondents) would share personal identifiable data if its primary purpose was deemed beneficial for the health of others. Almost two-thirds (n=3026; 63.9%) would consent to sharing personal, sensitive health data with government or health authority organizations. Conversely, over a quarter of respondents (n=1297, 27.8%) stated that they did not trust any organization to protect their data, and 54% (n=2528) of them reported concerns about the implications of sharing personal information. Almost two-thirds (n=3054, 65%) of respondents were concerned about the provisions of appropriate legislation that seeks to prevent data misuse and hold organizations accountable in the case of data misuse.

CONCLUSIONS

Although our survey focused mainly on the views of those living with chronic health conditions, the results indicate that data sensitivity is highly contextual. More people are more comfortable with sharing anonymized data rather than personally identifiable data. Willingness to share data also depended on the receiving body, highlighting trust as a key theme, in particular who may have access to shared personal health data and how they may be used in the future. The nascency of legal guidance in this area suggests a need for humanitarian guidelines for data responsibility during disaster relief operations such as pandemics and for involving the public in their development.
Особенности механизмов патогенеза и ранние диагностические критерии гипоксически-ишемического повреждения головного мозга у новорожденных детей (часть 2)
Authors: Martyniuk V.Yu. , Shveikina V.B. , Znamenska T.K. , Nikulina L.I.
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме неонатологии и детской неврологии — вопросу ранней диагностики перинатального повреждения головного мозга гипоксически-ишемического генеза у новорожденных, в частности преждевременно рожденных детей. В работе проанализирована научная литература o механизмах перинатального повреждения головного мозга гипоксически-ишемического генеза. Представлены новые данные об особенностях функционирования, повреждения, а также о механизмах гибели клеток нейронального и глиального происхождения в развивающемся мозге. Показано, что в реализации механизма повреждения клеток головного мозга участвуют эксайтотоксичность, окислительный стресс и асептическое воспаление, в результате которых клетки гибнут путем некроза и патологического апоптоза. Подчеркнуто, что в незрелой нейрональной ткани гибель нейронов протекает не только вышеуказанными путями, но и по комбинированному некротически-апоптозному (некроптозный) механизму. Проанализированы особенности функционирования глутаматных рецепторов в развивающемся мозге. Приведены данные литературы о том, что вышеописанные патологические механизмы на фоне особенностей функционирования митохондрий развивающегося мозга приводят к дебюту патологического апоптоза. Определено, что наиболее перспективным в ранней диагностике гипоксически-ишемического повреждения центральной нервной системы у новорожденных детей, в частности преждевременно рожденных, является изучение уровня нейроспецифических белков и антител к ним, а также белков, связанных с плазматической мембраной клеток, в частности клеток мозга — молекул межклеточной адгезии. В статье проанализирована роль маркеров нейрональной и глиальной природы, в частности глиофибриллярно-кислого протеина (GFAP), убиквитин-С-концевой гидролазы L1 (UCHL1), основного белка миелина (MBP), с учетом роли провоспалительных цитокинов в механизмах повреждения клеток развивающегося мозга. Показана роль мембранного белка эндотелиоцитов мозговых капиляров (молекулы межклеточной адгезии 1 — sICAM-1) как одного из маркеров повреждения клеток гематоэнцефалического барьера при различных патологических процессах, в частности гипоксии и ишемии.
Вітамін D: нові аспекти застосування, ефективні дози. Сучасний стан проблеми
Authors: Pankiv I.V.
Published: April 2021

Крім класичної ролі вітаміну D в підтримці нормального стану скелетно-м’язової системи, в останнє десятиліття отримані докази того, що знижені концентрації в сироватці крові 25(OH)D асоційовані з низкою позаскелетних захворювань (цукровий діабет, артеріальна гіпертензія, захворювання щитоподібної залози, вікове зниження пізнавальної здатності, порушення функцій імунної та репродуктивної систем й ін.). Запобігання розвитку цих захворювань досягається при значно більш високих концентраціях 25(OH)D в сироватці крові, ніж це необхідно для підтримки нормального стану кісткової тканини, регуляції абсорбції й підтримки гомеостазу кальцію. Для забезпечення концентрації циркулюючої форми вітамінуD— 25(OH)D в сироватці крові на рівні, що забезпечує оптимальне функціонування, необхідне більш високе споживання цього вітаміну. Знижена концентрація вітаміну D в крові (< 30 нг/мл) відзначається у 92% дорослого населення України незалежно від пори року. Причинами дефіциту вітаміну D є низька ефективність його ендогенного синтезу в шкірі через недостатню інсоляцію та неадекватне надходження цього вітаміну з їжею. Завдяки періоду напіввиведення вітаміну D близько двох місяців, періодичне щотижневе або щомісячне споживання сукупних доз холекальциферолу дає змогу досягти тих самих значень у сироватці крові, як і щоденне споживання. В огляді літератури розглядається значення дефіциту та недостатності вітамінуD у порушеннях регуляції багатьох систем організму людини та розвитку різних патологічних станів, що обґрунтовує доцільність ширшого використання методів корекції статусу вітаміну D. Попри необхідність проведення масштабних рандомізованих клінічних випробувань для визначення схем використання препаратів вітаміну D, уже зараз не викликає сумніву той факт, що нормалізація рівня 25(ОН)D у сироватці крові потрібна на всіх вікових етапах онтогенезу.
Цукровий діабет і хронічний коронарний синдром
Authors: Serhiyenko V.A. , Serhiyenko A.A.
Published: April 2021

Хронічний коронарний синдром (ХКС) характеризується розвитком епізодів ішемії внаслідок дисбалансу між потребами та кровопостачанням міокарда. Зазвичай такі епізоди провокуються фізичними або емоційними навантаженнями чи іншими стресовими ситуаціями, проте можуть виникати й спонтанно. Класичним проявом ішемії міокарда є напади стенокардії. У деяких випадках захворювання певний час може бути безсимптомним і дебютувати одразу гострим коронарним синдромом. ХКС може мати довготривалий доклінічний період на тлі підтвердженого коронарного атеросклерозу. В огляді проведений аналіз літературних джерел, присвячених сучасному стану проблеми цукрового діабету (ЦД) і ХКС. Зокрема, аналізуються питання, пов’язані з особливостями оцінки ризику, основних чинників, що зумовлюють дуже високий ризик атеросклеротичних серцево-судинних захворювань, класифікацією, основними характеристиками ХКС та його особливостями при ЦД, діагностикою ХКС (дозоване фізичне навантаження (велоергометрія, тредміл-тест) або стрес-тести, однофотонна емісійна комп’ютерна томографія, стрес-ехокардіографія; стрес-магнітно-резонансна томографія, позитронно-емісійна томографія із застосуванням радіоактивних маркерів). Аналізуються питання консервативної терапії ХКС на тлі ЦД (призначення антиагрегантів, блокаторів β-адренорецепторів, блокаторів кальцієвих каналів, нітратів, інгібіторів ангіотензинперетворювального ферменту, міокардіальних цитопротекторів, статинів). Лікування пацієнта з поєднанням ЦД і ХКС буде успішним лише в тому випадку, якщо призначено адекватну, безпечну в плані гіпоглікемій і можливих серцево-судинних ризиків цукрознижувальну терапію, з одного боку, і метаболічно нейтральну антиангінальну терапію— з іншого. Без сумніву, необхідно звернути увагу на корекцію факторів ризику ССЗ, АГ і ХСН.
Клініко-діагностичні аспекти дефіциту тестостерону в жінок фертильного віку
Authors: Khalimova Z.Yu. , Almakhmatova A.A.
Published: April 2021

Актуальність. До сьогодні роль андрогенів в організмі жінки не отримала належної оцінки. Поки не існує чіткого і загальноприйнятого визначення поняття «андрогенний дефіцит у жінок» за аналогією з таким у чоловіків. Мета дослідження: вивчити клініко-діагностичні аспекти дефіциту тестостерону в жінок репродуктивного віку. Матеріали та методи. Під наглядом перебувало 60 жінок із дефіцитом тестостерону без супутньої патології. Середній вік пацієнток становив 28,3 року. Контрольну групу становили 20 здорових жінок. Пацієнтки були розподілені за показником індексу маси тіла (ІМТ) на три групи. Першу групу становили 20 жінок із надмірною масою тіла (ІМТ 25–29,9 кг/м2), другу групу— 20 жінок з ожирінням I ступеня і третю групу— 20 жінок з ожирінням II ступеня. Результати. Для пацієнток із групи з ожирінням I ступеня була характерна на 14-й день оваріально-менструального циклу тенденція до зниження базальних рівнів лютеїнізуючого гормона (ЛГ), фолікулостимулюючого гормона (ФСГ), естрадіолу і прогестерону на тлі вірогідної гіпоандрогенемії. У пацієнток із групи з ожирінням II ступеня відзначалося вірогідне зниження базальних рівнів ЛГ, ФСГ, естрадіолу, прогестерону на тлі вірогідної гіпоандрогенемії. При проведенні кореляційного аналізу виявлений прямий зв’язок дефіциту тестостерону зі ступенем ожиріння. Так, найнижчі значення тестостерону виявлені в пацієнток третьої групи (<0,05нмоль/л). Водночас у пацієнток першої і другої груп рівень тестостерону також був значно знижений— від 0,02 до 0,05 нмоль/л відповідно. Вірогідно зниженими виявилися рівні дегідроепіандростерону и 17-оксипрогестерону, особливо в третій групі— 0,3 мкг/мл і 0,1 нмоль/л відповідно. Висновки. У більшості жінок репродуктивного віку з дефіцитом тестостерону спостерігається гіпоменорея з низьким вмістом вільного тестостерону. Встановлено пряму кореляційну залежність дефіциту тестостерону від ступеня ожиріння в жінок з андрогенною недостатністю.
Иерсиниозный реактивный артрит: трудности диагностики и лечения (собственный опыт)
Authors: Ivashkivskyi O.I. , Karasevska T.A. , Dzhus M.B. , Novytska H.L.
Published: April 2021

Реактивный артрит (РеА) остается важной проблемой в практике ревматолога и является одним из самых распространенных видов острого артрита у лиц молодого возраста. Актуальность РеА связана с его высокой частотой, трудностями диагностики, достаточно частой хронизацией при недостаточно эффективном лечении. В статье обсуждаются современные данные литературы об иерсиниозном артрите, особенностях патогенеза, диагностики и лечения. Возникновение РеА чаще всего ассоциировано с желудочно-кишечной или урогенитальной инфекцией, которая предшествует развитию суставного синдрома. Среди РеА, связанных с кишечной инфекцией, иерсиниозный артрит встречается достаточно часто. Кишечный иерсиниоз отличается тяжестью, значительной длительностью течения с тенденцией к хронизации, вовлечением в патологический процесс различных органов и систем. При этом особенности возбудителей иерсиниоза в сочетании с условиями заражения обусловливают разнообразие клинических проявлений. Болезнь имеет высокую ассоциацию с антигеном HLA-B27. Общими клиническими симптомами РеА являются асимметричный артрит, чаще суставов нижних конечностей, сосископодобная дефигурация пальца стопы, тендинит, энтезит (наиболее характерен энтезит пяточного сухожилия), асимметричный сакроилеит. Частота и выраженность внесуставных проявлений могут быть различными: поражение глаз, кожи, слизистых оболочек, урогенитального или желудочно-кишечного тракта. Препаратами первой линии в лечении РеА являются нестероидные противовоспалительные средства. Пациенты с активным очагом инфекции также требуют длительного лечения с применением антибактериальной терапии, а при хронизации артрита к терапии добавляют сульфасалазин. В статье изложен клинический случай иерсиниозного реактивного артрита с акцентом на мультидисциплинарном подходе в ведении больного.
DAMPAK PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG : Studi Kasus Kawasan Ekowisata Riam Pangar
Authors: Pynanjung Pramushinta Arum
Published: April 2021

Konsep kepariwisataan dunia mengalami pergeseran ke arah model wisata alam akibat tingkat kejenuhan wisatawan􀀎untuk mengunjungi objek-objek wisata buatan. Hal ini merupakan peluang bagi Indonesia untuk memanfaatkan pesona alamnya. Salah satu ekowisata yang terkena, yaitu kawasan wisata di daerah Kabupaten Gunung Kidul-Yogyakarta yang sering dikunjungi wisatawan, namun tidak demikian dengan ekowisata di Kalimantan Barat. Ekowisata di Kalimantan Barat yang berjumlah 333 destinasi tidak sebanding dengan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan seperti halnya di objek wisata lainnya. Salah satu daerah di Kalimantan Barat yang berpotensi adalah Kabupaten Bengkayang yang memiliki 51 objek wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peran pengembangan kawasan ekowisata yang mempunyai potensi di kemudian hari terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar. Sedangkan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah mix method, dengan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui data primer (wawancara / kuisioner) dan data sekunder (studi literatur). Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnnya (Reny & Pramushinta, 2016) bahwa kawasan Riam Pangar cukup berpotensi, namun perlu di perbaiki baik dari segi daya tarik, sarana dan prasarana, mutu dan pelayanan, pengelolaan dan perawatan sampai regulasi kebijakan yang mengatur ekowisata di daerah tersebut. Pengembangan ekowisata di kawasan Riam Pangar dapat menimbulkan dampak positif maupun dampak negatif bagi pihak-pihak terkait. Dampak yang di timbulkan dapat mengurangi angka pengangguran, peningkatan pendapatan, peningkatan inflasi dan nilai lahan sampai mempercepat proses pembangunan di daerah kawasan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi dan rekomendasi kepada Pemerintah Kabupaten Bengkayang dalam menentukan alternatif kebijakan dan strategi yang tepat untuk pengembangan pengelolaan wisata alam di Kabupaten Bengkayang terutama daerah kawasan Air Terjun Riam Pangar.
Rule of/by Law
Authors: Lane Jan Erik
Published: April 2021

One can go the World Justice Project (WJP) to find a valuable set of data on roughly 130 states, constructed from experts’ ranking. A large number of country and international experts have given scores between 0 and 1 of state performance on a set of aspects or manifest variables much discussed. The WJP measures 8 or 9 state properties, which will be reduced to two latent variables here.
Особенности национальной одежды алтайцев
Authors:   Gorno-Altaisk State University (1, Lenkin St., Gorno-Altaisk 649000, Russian Federation), Ekeyeva Emma V. , Ekeyev Nikolay V. ,   Surazakov Institute for Altaic Studies (6, Sotsialisticheskaya St., Gorno-Altaisk 649000, Russian Federation)
Published: April 2021

Introduction. With reference to works by Russian ethnographers and collected field materials, the paper presents the first insight into specific features of Altaian traditional clothes and changes the latter undergo in the modern period. Goals. The work primarily seeks to reveal transformations of Altaian national garments in the late 20th – early 21st centuries. Materials. The study examines data from field expeditions to Ust-Kansky, Shebalinsky and other districts of the Altai Republic in 2017-2019. The research data collection methods included those of questionnaires and interviews among local communities of the mentioned districts of the region. Results. The paper highlights various aspects of men’s and women’s clothes represented mainly by outer garments, such as sheepskin coats, e.g., nekey ton (a sheepskin coat a with long thick fur), akar ton (a coat sheepskin with short thick fur), kyptu ton (a coat with fabric-trimmed upper elements), tortok ton (a short sheepskin coat), and also sleeveless jackets (kögÿspek) and national gowns (chekpen). The work describes caps worn both by men and women (tÿlkÿ bychkak börÿk, talbañ börÿk, kish börÿk, bolchok börÿk), shoes made of fur (skin) from animals’ lower legs (bychkak ödÿk) or leather ones (katu/ köm ödÿk, charyk ödÿk, shiri ödÿk) usually decorated with upright pointed toes. Special attention is paid to women’s wedding and festal clothes, namely: dresses with wide sleeves and long cuffs that were to completely cover hands, the former decorated with buttons, beads, and ornaments to be worn under a full-length silk sleeveless jacket. The research explains differences between the classical and contemporary conventionalized chegedek full-length sleeveless jackets worn by women over a special dress during wedding ceremonies. Chegedek communicates a symbolic message that a girl acquires the new status of a married woman. Some attention is given to men’s undergarments, such as regular shirts (chamcha) mostly worn untucked with woolen trousers (shtan). Conclusions. The Altaian clothes have underwent certain changes but some centuries-old traditions survive till nowadays, e.g., women’s dresses are distinguished by special sleeves (ushtuktar) and ‘wings’ (kanattar). However, it is noteworthy that the tradition of selecting colors for garments with due regard of age and sex is lost, and layout of decorative elements has also changed. The loss of ethnic features in national clothes results from the wide use of commercial cloths and services of tailor shops.
К изучению «Истории Кукунора» Сумпа-кенпо Еше Пелджора
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., Ulan-Ude 670047, Russian Federation), Garri Irina R. , Zhabon Yumzhana Zh.
Published: April 2021

Goals. The article provides a historiography of studies dealing with the famous Tibeto-Mongolian scholar Sum pa mkhan po Ye shes dpal ‘byor, introduces one of his important works — The Annals of Kokonor — and presents a translation of its first chapter. Materials. The paper investigates collected works (gsung ‘bum) of Sum pa mkhan po stored at the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs affiliated to the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies (Siberian Branch of the RAS). Results. The Annals of Kokonor (Tib. Mtsho sngon gyi lo rgyus) is a text from Volume Two of Sum pa mkhan po’s gsung ‘bum, it comprises 19 large format folios. The treatise consists of four chapters, each representing a particular literary genre. Chapter One critically examines two old legends about the origin of Kokonor Lake. Chapter Two covers a religious and a secular history of Tibet and Kokonor from 1612 to 1786. Chapter Three contains a highly ornate description of the Kokonor Region, while Chapter Four narrates about the happiness and pleasure of Kokonor inhabitants who used to live according to the basic precepts of Buddhism. The closing part gives historical accounts of Dzungaria and China, as well as describes the geography of the region. Accordingly, the text can be viewed from different perspectives — those of history, religion, folklore, geography and poetry as well. There is one Russian translation by Ven. Bidiya Dandaron. However, that was not a scholarly edition and had just a small circulation, thus remaining unnoticed by most Tibetologists. The paper argues that the mentioned translation — although constituting an important contribution to the studies on Sum pa Mkhan po — is outdated by now, and a new critical edition and scholarly translation of Sum pa Mkhan po’s Annals of Kokonor is required.
Споры о письменном языке в Ладакхе: консерваторы и реформаторы
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics (Bldg. 1, 21/4, Staraya Basmannaya St., Moscow 105066 Russian Federation), Komissaruk Ekaterina L.
Published: April 2021

Ladakhi is an idiom used mainly within Ladakh (a region that until 2019 was part of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir), as well as in the bordering areas of China and Pakistan. Goals. The paper discusses the development of Ladakhi as a written language and the controversy it leads to both in Ladakh and outside. Methods and Materials. The study analyzes various official documents issued by local administrative bodies of Ladakh, academic works and grammatical descriptions of the Ladakhi idiom, as well as interviews with residents of the region. The main methods of the field research conducted in Ladakh in 2010—2011 include participant observation, analysis of documentary sources, and interviewing. Results. Most Ladakhis consider Tibetan and Ladakhi to be the same language, often using the linguonym ‘Bhoti’ to refer to both the languages. Since the independent princedom of Ladakh was established in the 10th century AD, Classical Tibetan has been the dominant written language there, while other idioms have also been used in oral communication. For a long time, Ladakhi has existed in diglossia, its role being that of a ‘low’ language. Most government officials, education workers and Buddhist clerics in Ladakh still believe that Ladakhi is and should remain a spoken version of Classical Tibetan rather than an entirely separate language. They see any attempts to codify the Ladakhi language as sacrilege because in their opinion the Tibetan language was created by Thonmi Sambhota to put down sacred Buddhist texts, and so it should remain unchanged. However, the last four decades have seen some considerable changes. A few dozen books written in Ladakhi or translated into the language have been published. A number of issues of a magazine in spoken Ladakhi released, and Al-Baqarah, the second surah of Quran, was also published in Ladakhi. Whether Ladakhi should become a fully fledged written (literary) language is the subject of hot debates in contemporary Ladakh attracting increasing attention both in and outside the region.
Функционирование вербального хезитатива ни / ней ‘это самое’ в устной монологической речи башкир (на материале диалектных текстов башкирского языка)
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., Ufa 450054, Russian Federation), Buskunbaeva Liliya A.
Published: April 2021

The article studies the functioning of the verbal hesitation marker ni / nei ‘whatchamacallit’ in Bashkir spontaneous speech. Goals. The research aims to analyze and identify the main functions of the investigated hesitation marker in the process of organizing spontaneous discourse. Materials and Methods. The study explores dialectal materials included in the text database of the dialectological cluster within the Digital Corpus (lit. ‘Machine Fund’) of the Bashkir Language (https://mfbl2.ru). The total of the studied materials is 209 dialectal texts. The database contains 718 tokens of the investigated hesitation marker. The selection of examples for analysis was carried out through the method of continuous sampling. The employed research methods are those of discourse and contextual analysis, as well as the statistical method. Results. Asemantization of the basic meaning of the interrogative pronoun in spontaneous speech results in the emergence of a pragmatic meaning, and the lexeme begins to function as a filler for hesitational pauses. The multifunctionality of this hesitation marker is confirmed by numerous examples of its use. In spontaneous speech, the verbal hesitation marker performs the hesitative (fills in pauses in speech production), discursive (as a means to organize speech) and search (temporary substitutions in search for a speech unit corresponding to the original intention) functions. The uniqueness of this hesitation marker is that in spontaneous speech it can replace any notional word that one has ‘on the tip of the tongue’ and, thus, help avoid the occurrence of long pauses or interruptions in utterances. The analysis of materials reveals the main methods of correcting problem areas in speech production. Being a characteristic attribute of spontaneous speech, the lexemes can also be stylistically used in fiction works as instruments to reveal the author’s intention — depicting a psychological portrait of the character through the latter’s speech features.