bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The risks of representation: Dilemmas and opportunities in art-based research
Authors: Rumbold Jean , Fenner Patricia , Brophy-Dixon Janine
Published: April 2012

This article presents an intersubjective exchange between three researchers who explore their understanding of the risks and rewards involved in utilizing art-based methods. Set within the structure of a triptych form, each author spontaneously created an image as a response to the
theme, as well as to each other’s images. In this article, the images are understood to lead the words, with conceptualizations emerging, in part, from the visual forms. Various methodological dilemmas are discussed and illustrated drawing on examples from recent art-based studies undertaken
by each researcher.
Know thyself: Awakening self-referential awareness through art-based research
Authors: Franklin Michael A.
Published: April 2012

Across all cultures, some form of the dictum to know thyself has echoed throughout the ages as our primary calling in life. Many great thinkers believed that turning attention inward and conscientiously exploring the diversity of our inner landscape would awaken human consciousness.
In many ways, they were validating a core sentiment of art-based research (ABR) discussed in this article. That is, through the self-referential, autonomous and egalitarian quality of images accessible through the arts, we can know and research layers of personal identity. This can happen
through various approaches to ABR including scientific and contemplative methods. Additionally, misunderstandings from the academy and from within the expressive therapies, which can define a nascent field like ABR, also need to be addressed. Therefore, this article is divided in two parts,
one focusing on a personal example of ABR and the other looking at challenges to the efficacy of ABR.
Why gamers don’t learn more: An ecological approach to games as learning environments
Authors: Linderoth Jonas
Published: April 2012

This article explores the argument that video games by their nature are good learning environments. By applying the ecological approach to perception and learning to gameplay, the article describes gaming as a perception–action cycle, i.e., an interplay between seeing and using
affordances. This notion of how gameplay functions is then used in order to discuss different design features in games, and it is claimed that games can be designed so that players are able to discover and utilize affordances without always having to develop skills and knowledge. Compared
to many other practices, gaming can be less demanding and not as complex, since progress can be built into the game system. Previous literature has suggested that the principles for learning that can be found in games could potentially inform educational practices. This article claims that
progression in games does not necessarily imply learning, and that the unique ways in which game design facilitates progression might be rather unsuitable principles for learning.
REVIEW
Authors: Pallant Chris
Published: April 2012

ONCE UPON A TIME IN BLACKWATER: RED DEAD REDEMPTION, ROCKSTAR GAMES (2010) New York: Rockstar Games, £49.99 (UKP)
PIV Study of Flow in an Aerated Tank with a Hollow Blade Turbine
Authors: Geng Xuan , Gao Zhengming , Bao Yuyun
Published: April 2012

Liquid phase hydrodynamics in an aerated tank (ID = 0.19 m) stirred by a half elliptical blade disk turbine (HEDT) have been investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) under both aerated and unaerated conditions. The effect of the gas flow rate on the aerated mean velocity of the liquid phase, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation are discussed, and their comparisons with those under unaerated conditions are also carried out. Under aerated conditions, the presence of gas does not remarkably change the velocity pattern of the liquid phase. When the direction of the liquid flow is the same as the buoyancy, the liquid is accelerated up to 10.4% by bubbles at position of z/T=0.8 and r/T=0.45; while the liquid flow reversely, the liquid is decelerated about 37.5% under the gas flow rate of 0.2 vvm at the position of z/T=0.25 and r/T=0.45. The turbulent kinetic energy in the bulk flow increases after introducing gas phase, and the average turbulent kinetic energy of the upper, middle and lower regions at 0.2 vvm are increased by 37.3%, 37.8% and 142.7%, respectively. Large-eddy PIV approach is carried out to estimate the distribution of the turbulence kinetic energy dissipation. The result shows that the distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation is similar as those of turbulent kinetic energy.
Dynamics and activation in response regulators: the β4-α4 loop
Authors: Bobay Benjamin G. , Hoch James A. , Cavanagh John
Published: April 2012

Two-component signal transduction systems of microbes are a primary means to respond to signals emanating from environmental and metabolic fluctuations as well as to signals coordinating the cell cycle with macromolecular syntheses, among a large variety of other essential roles. Signals are recognized by a sensor domain of a histidine kinase which serves to convert signal binding to an active transmissible phosphoryl group through a signal-induced ATP-dependent autophosphorylation reaction directed to histidine residue. The sensor kinase is specifically mated to a response regulator, to which it transfers the phosphoryl group that activates the response regulator’s function, most commonly gene repression or activation but also interaction with other regulatory proteins. Two-component systems have been genetically amplified to control a wide variety of cellular processes; for example, both Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have 60 plus confirmed and putative two-component systems. Bacillus subtilis has 30 plus and Nostoc punctiformis over 100. As genetic amplification does not result in changes in the basic structural folds of the catalytic domains of the sensor kinase or response regulators, each sensor kinase must recognize its partner through subtle changes in residues at the interaction surface between the two proteins. Additionally, the response regulator must prepare itself for efficient activation by the phosphorylation event. In this short review, we discuss the contributions of the critical β4-α4 recognition loop in response regulators to their function. In particular, we focus on this region’s microsecond-millisecond timescale dynamics propensities and discuss how these motions play a major role in response regulator recognition and activation.
Synthesis of novel benzo[f]chromene compounds catalyzed by ionic liquid
Authors: Eshghi Hossein , Zohuri Gholam Hossein , Sandaroos Reza , Damavandi Saman
Published: April 2012

A facile method for the synthesis of benzo[f]chromene derivatives is reported. The procedure involves a novel three-component reaction of 1-naphthol or 2-naphthol, acetophenone derivatives and triethyl orthobenzoate in the presence of silica supported ionic liquid [pmim]HSO4 SiO2 [silica supported 1-methyl-3-(triethoxysilylpropyl)imidazolium hydrogensulfate] as an efficient catalyst.
The monoepoxidation of acyclic, conjugated aliphatic dienes by dimethyldioxirane: kinetics
Authors: Baumstark Alfons L. , Vasquez Pedro C. , Michelena-Baez Elba , Chen Hsin-Hung
Published: April 2012

Kinetic data for the reaction of dimethyldioxirane (1) with a series of acyclic, aliphatic conjugated dienes 2a–f are reported. Monoepoxidation is the preferred process and the monoepoxides are formed in high yield as long as the dienes are in excess. The results show that epoxidation of the dienes is less sensitive to structural effects than that for simple alkenes. Furthermore, these monoepoxidations show little sensitivity to cis/trans substitution in marked contrast to those of simple aliphatic alkenes. The relative reactivities were modeled using a density function approach. Consistent with previous calculations on alkene systems, a concerted process with a spiro transition state was obtained for diene epoxidation regardless of the initial orientation of the reactants. The relative reactivities for monoepoxidation of 2c–e were calculated based on the weighted average of the calculated differences between Ecalc for reaction of the s-cis and s-trans conformer of each diene with 1. The predicted relative reactivities were in reasonable agreement with those from the kinetic data.
Level of NICU Quality of Developmental Care and Neurobehavioral Performance in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Montirosso Rosario , Del Prete Alberto , Bellù Roberto , Tronick Ed , Borgatti Renato ,   and the Neonatal Adequate Care for Quality of Life (NEO-ACQUA) Study Group
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the relation between the neurobehavior of very preterm infants and the level of NICU quality of developmental care.

METHODS:

The neurobehavior of 178 very preterm infants (gestational age ≤29 weeks and/or birth weight ≤1500 g) from 25 NICUs participating in a large multicenter, longitudinal study (Neonatal Adequate Care for Quality of Life, NEO-ACQUA) was examined with a standardized neurobehavioral assessment, the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS). A questionnaire, the NEO-ACQUA Quality of Care Checklist was used to evaluate the level of developmental care in each of the NICUs. A factor analyses applied to NEO-ACQUA Quality of Care Checklist produced 2 main factors: (1) the infant-centered care (ICC) index, which measures parents’ involvement in the care of their infant and other developmentally oriented care interventions, and (2) the infant pain management (IPM) index, which measures the NICU approach to and the procedures used for reducing infant pain. The relations between NNNS neurobehavioral scores and the 2 indexes were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Infants from NICUs with high scores on the ICC evidenced higher attention and regulation, less excitability and hypotonicity, and lower stress/abstinence NNNS scores than infants from low-care units. Infants from NICUs with high scores on the IPM evidenced higher attention and arousal, lower lethargy and nonoptimal reflexes NNNS scores than preterm infants from low-scoring NICUs.

CONCLUSIONS:

Very preterm infant neurobehavior was associated with higher levels of developmental care both in ICC and in IPM, suggesting that these practices support better neurobehavioral stability.
Instrumento para identificação das necessidades do consumidor no processo de desenvolvimento do design: um estudo ilustrado com o projeto de um automóvel
Authors: Grzebieluckas Cleci , Buson Marcos Albuquerque , Queiroz Shirley Gomes , Ensslin Leonardo , Ensslin Sandra , Nickel Elton , Balbim Alceu Junior
Published: April 2012

A inovação é hoje uma das principais prioridades para o desenvolvimento de um novo produto e nela o design emerge com destaque, principalmente quando consegue encapsular as necessidades e preferências do usuário. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho objetiva construir um modelo para avaliar o grau de atendimento das necessidades de um usuário específico, quando da aquisição de um veículo para uso particular. Para alcançar este objetivo, utilizou-se a Metodologia Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão - Construtivista (MCDA-C), por suas potencialidades para identificar, organizar, mensurar e integrar os aspectos percebidos como importantes pelo usuário. Por meio de um estudo de caso com fontes de informações primárias não obstrutivas, variáveis quali-quantitativas e a visão de conhecimento construtivista, foi construído um modelo considerado representativo das percepções das necessidades e preferências pelo usuário.
Utilização da abordagem Quick Response Manufacturing em uma empresa de materiais de escrita: proposta e análise de benefícios esperados
Authors: Saes Elizangela Veloso , Godinho Filho Moacir
Published: April 2012

O Quick Response Manufacturing (QRM) é uma abordagem de gestão alternativa à Manufatura Enxuta, que objetiva alcançar a redução do lead time em ambientes com alta variedade de produtos. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é apresentar a proposta de implementação de alguns conceitos e ferramentas do QRM para redução do lead time em uma empresa de materiais de escrita. Basicamente a proposta seguiu os passos básicos de um projeto QRM, chegando à conclusão de que o longo lead time no setor estudado da empresa é ocasionado por quatro principais causas: (i) alocação de recursos em função dos tamanhos de pedidos; (ii) longo set up; (iii) quebra de máquinas; e (iv) tamanhos de lotes grandes. Seis cenários baseados em princípios e técnicas do QRM foram propostos e avaliados por meio de simulação, usando-se a tecnologia RMT (Rapid Modelling Technique). Os resultados esperados indicam que a empresa estudada pode obter uma redução de, aproximadamente, 68% no nível de WIP e de, aproximadamente, 74% no lead time médio, caso implemente a proposta sugerida. O presente trabalho contribui para aumentar a divulgação do paradigma QRM na academia e prática gerencial brasileira.
Adoção da tecnologia da informação em organizações rurais: o caso da pecuária de corte
Authors: Machado João Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz , Nantes José Flávio Diniz
Published: April 2012

O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar o uso e a difusão da TI na pecuária de corte, a partir de fatores que influenciaram a adoção; e descrever recursos, procedimentos e ações necessárias para seu funcionamento. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas fases: uma quantitativa e outra qualitativa. Na primeira, foi realizado um levantamento do tipo survey com produtores, buscando informações acerca das diferentes tecnologias adotadas e das atitudes em relação a elas, possibilitando identificar o grau de inovatividade dos produtores e agrupá-los pela semelhança da postura tecnológica. A segunda analisou experiências, opiniões e perspectivas a respeito da tecnologia integrada ao sistema produtivo de duas propriedades em cada categoria, totalizando dez estudos de caso, a partir de entrevistas pessoais. Os resultados proporcionaram entendimento sobre os motivos da adoção ou rejeição de uma determinada TI, permitindo identificar as razões para alguns produtores adotarem mais rapidamente que outros. Foi possível entender as alterações ocorridas na organização rural por ocasião da implantação dessas tecnologias, observando-se um avanço nas práticas gerenciais a partir da adoção e uso da TI. De um modo geral, os processos foram aprimorados e facilitados, com reflexos positivos em várias áreas da propriedade, incluindo recursos humanos e a imagem do empreendimento no mercado.
Análise da superfície de grês porcelanato por microscopia de força atômica
Authors: Fernandes M. C. S. , Paulin Filho P. I. , Morelli M. R.
Published: April 2012

A superfície de porcelanatos polidos foi investigada através da Microscopia de Força Atômica (AFM). Ênfase foi dada à investigação dos parâmetros de rugosidade e brilho que estão relacionados com a evolução do processo de polimento da superfície do porcelanato. A rugosidade da superfície é uma característica que interfere em diversas propriedades de interesse do produto, às vezes negativamente, sendo interessante a aplicação de resinas poliméricas que tendem a nivelar as irregularidades superficiais. Neste sentido, devido à possibilidade de obtenção de imagens tridimensionais no AFM, foi possível realizar medidas topográficas para a obtenção dos principais parâmetros que interferem no acabamento superficial do porcelanato, de forma a contribuir para um melhor entendimento do processo de polimento nas características estéticas do produto. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a diminuição da rugosidade ocorreu mais visivelmente nas etapas de polimento com abrasivos de grãos maiores, passando de 0,650 μm a 0,192 μm entre os estágios de grit 80 e 1000 na área de varredura de 80 x 80 μm², enquanto os abrasivos constituídos de grãos menores interferiram pouco na rugosidade superficial, sendo os principais responsáveis pelo brilho final das peças, cujo valor aumentou de 29,3 a 42,2 UB (unidades de brilho) entre os estágios de grit 800 e 1500. O recobrimento da superfície com a resina polimérica reduziu significativamente o brilho do produto, sem causar alterações bruscas na rugosidade superficial.
Modelo matemático aplicado ao processo de extrusão de argilas
Authors: Andrade F. A. , Al-Qureshi H. A. , Hotza D.
Published: April 2012

As argilas, quando misturadas com água, adquirem a propriedade chamada plasticidade que tem papel fundamental durante o seu processamento. As técnicas empregadas na caracterização da plasticidade muitas vezes não revelam resultados quantitativos que permitam sua aplicação em modelos matemáticos do processo de conformação das argilas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um modelo matemático para cálculo da pressão média de extrusão, avaliando a plasticidade através de ensaios de compressão. Em seguida, os resultados teóricos da pressão de extrusão foram comparados aos resultados experimentais, sendo encontrado um bom acordo entre eles. Foi possível observar uma correlação entre tensão efetiva de compressão e pressão de extrusão. Para a equação que modela o processo de extrusão, a tensão efetiva obtida pelo ensaio de compressão foi um parâmetro significativo que revela o comportamento da argila durante o seu processamento.
Avaliação de erosão a quente de concretos refratários para calcinadores de leito fluidizado
Authors: Gonçalves L. R. G. , Pandolfelli V. C.
Published: April 2012

Revestimentos refratários são severamente solicitados pela erosão causada por partículas que se movem pneumaticamente através de vasos e dutos em calcinadores de leito fluidizado. Esse tipo de desgaste constitui um fator chave para a degradação do revestimento desse equipamento. Consequentemente, o desempenho desses refratários tem um efeito imediato no lucro da empresa, uma vez que paradas para reparos tem um impacto direto no cronograma operacional e nos custos de manutenção da unidade produtiva. Apesar da temperatura de operação dos calcinadores variar entre 200 e 1250 ºC, a resistência a erosão, que é uma das principais propriedades selecionadas para avaliar materiais usados nessa aplicação, geralmente é medida somente à temperatura ambiente. Porém, esse tipo de avaliação não representa fielmente as condições de operação. Portanto, é necessário um estudo mais realista na tentativa de encontrar alguma relação entre a severidade de erosão e a temperatura. Visando alcançar esse objetivo, o presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e aplicação de um equipamento de erosão à quente para avaliação de concretos refratários para calcinadores de leito fluidizado.
Qualidade física de um Latossolo Vermelho em recuperação há dezessete anos
Authors: Bonini Carolina S. B. , Alves Marlene C.
Published: April 2012

Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade física de um Latossolo Vermelho em recuperação há 17 anos utilizando-se adubos verdes, gesso e pastagem, foram estudados a densidade do solo e resistência a penetração, como indicadores de sua recuperação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com nove tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: Solo mobilizado; mucuna-preta (MP); guandu (G) até 1994, após substituído por feijão-de-porco (FP); calcário + MP; Calcário + G até 1994, após substituído por FP; calcário + gesso + MP; calcário + gesso + G até 1994, após substituído por FP; os tratamentos foram instalados em 1992 e permaneceram por sete anos e em 1999 implantou-se a Brachiaria decumbens; também foram utilizadas duas testemunhas para comparação (vegetação nativa do cerrado e solo exposto). Foram avaliadas densidade do solo, resistência do solo à penetração e umidade do solo. Os resultados foram analisados efetuando-se a análise de variância e teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os tratamentos de recuperação do solo estão sendo eficientes na melhoria da sua qualidade e o tratamento com guandu/feijão-de-porco, calcário e gesso, obteve condições físicas semelhantes às do solo de cerrado.
Características agroindustriais da cana-de-açúcar em função da adubação fosfatada, em solos de Pernambuco
Authors: Simões Neto Djalma E. , Oliveira Alexandre C. de , Rocha Alexandre T. da , Freire Fernando J. , Freire Maria B. G. dos S. , Nascimento Clístenes W. A. do
Published: April 2012

As recomendações para adubação fosfatada no Nordeste do Brasil não só estão baseadas em trabalhos conduzidos nas décadas de 70 e 80, mas requerem sua comendação que, especificamente no caso do fósforo, leve em consideração a capacidade máxima de adsorção de fosfato (CMAP); objetivou-se, então, avaliar as características agroindustriais da cana-de-açúcar em solos de Pernambuco em função da adubação fosfatada. Cinco experimentos foram conduzidos na Zona da Mata do Estado. Os solos foram classificados como: Argissolo Amarelo distrocoeso (PAdx); Latossolo Amarelo distrófico (LAd); Argissolo Amarelo distrófico (PAd); Gleissolo háplico eutrófico (GXve) e Espodossolo cárbico duripânico (EKo). Os tratamentos consistiram de sete doses de fósforo, determinadas em função da CMAP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As variedades utilizadas foram a RB863129, nos solos PAd, LAd, GXve e EKo e a RB855536, no PAD. A adubação fosfatada em cana planta influenciou positivamente as produtividades agrícola e industrial. Os valores de açúcares totais recuperáveis (ATR) não foram influenciados pela adubação fosfatada mas foram mais elevados nos solos com maior CMAP.
Compactação do solo e macronutrientes primários na Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã e Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça
Authors: Cabral Carlos E. A. , Bonfim-Silva Edna M. , Bonelli Emerson A. , Silva Tonny J. A. da , Cabral Carla H. A. , Scaramuzza Walcylene L. M. P.
Published: April 2012

Os macronutrientes primários possuem papel relevante na adubação de forrageiras, em função da sua participação no custo de produção, razão pela qual se objetivou avaliar os efeitos da compactação na concentração de macronutrientes primários em folhas diagnósticas dos capins Piatã e Mombaça. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, composto de oito tratamentos e três repetições, em esquema fatorial 2x4, com duas gramíneas (capim-piatã e capim-mombaça) e de quatro densidades do solo (1,0; 1,2; 1,4 e 1,6 Mg m-3). Dois cortes foram realizados, o primeiro aos 42 dias após o desbaste e o segundo 46 dias após o primeiro corte. No primeiro período de crescimento das gramíneas forrageiras a compactação do solo interfere na absorção de nitrogênio e fósforo enquanto no segundo período de crescimento ocorre limitação na absorção de nitrogênio e potássio. O nitrogênio é o macronutriente primário mais limitado pela compactação do solo.
Cultivo de sequeiro da mamona adubada com casca de mamona e fertilizante nitrogenado
Authors: Silva Marcos A. da , Silva Francisco E. de A. , Nunes Júnior Edivan da S. , Costa Fabiana X. , Melo Filho José S. de
Published: April 2012

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o crescimento e produção da mamoneira (Ricinus communis L., cv. BRS Energia) cultivada em regime de sequeiro em função da adubação combinada de casca de mamona na forma moída e natural com doses crescentes de fertilizante nitrogenado. O experimento foi realizado entre setembro de 2009 a março de 2010, no Campus IV/UEPB. Realizou-se o plantio em vasos plásticos de 60 L preenchidos com 58 kg de solo. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 2 x 4, sendo aplicado 3 t ha-¹ de casca de mamona em duas formas de utilização (natural e moída) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha-¹), com quatro repetições totalizando 32 parcelas. Verifica-se que a adubação com a casca moída foi superior a casca natural. Para a massa seca do cacho, área foliar por planta e número de folhas a dosagem 90 kg ha-¹ de N foi superior às demais. Já para o número de nós foi a dose de 60 kg ha-¹ de N. A casca de mamona usada de forma racional, como adubo, contribui para redução de custos ao produtor e incrementos na fertilidade do solo.
Delimitação da aptidão agroclimática para videira sob irrigação no Nordeste Brasileiro
Authors: Teixeira Antônio H. de C. , Tonietto Jorge , Pereira Giuliano E. , Angelotti Francislene
Published: April 2012

Dados climáticos médios foram usados em conjunto com modelos simples de regressão que relacionam o coeficiente de cultura (Kc), a evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) e os graus dias acumulados (GDac) para quantificar o requerimento hídrico de videiras (RHV) para mesa e para vinho no Nordeste brasileiro. O RHV juntamente com dados de precipitação permitiu o desenvolvimento de um índice hídrico para videiras (IHV), o qual foi aplicado com dados médios de temperatura do ar para os ciclos produtivos na caracterização de diferentes graus de aptidão sob irrigação, variando-se as datas de poda. Para produção de uvas de mesa constatou-se que não há limitação térmica na região, entretanto maiores teores de açúcar, bem como maior produção, podem ser obtidos nos locais com valores de temperatura do ar mais elevados. Com relação a videiras para vinho, ocorre alguma limitação térmica para a elaboração de vinhos de boa qualidade, dependendo da data de poda, com altos teores de álcool e baixa acidez obtidos nas condições de elevados valores de temperatura do ar. A melhor época de poda para videiras de mesa é de julho a setembro, destacando-se as áreas ao oeste dos estados da Bahia, Pernambuco, Paraíba e quase todas as áreas dos estados do Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Piauí e Maranhão. Considerando-se videiras para vinho o período com melhor aptidão climática é quando a poda é realizada entre maio e junho, destacando-se os estados da Bahia, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Alagoas, e Sergipe, e ainda a parte sudoeste do Estado do Maranhão.
Classificação numérica e modelo digital de elevação na caracterização espacial de atributos dos solos
Authors: Silva Júnior João F. da , Siqueira Diego S. , Marques Júnior José , Pereira Gener T.
Published: April 2012

Uma das necessidades da agricultura moderna é a predição da variabilidade espacial dos atributos dos solos em escalas mais detalhadas, visando o gerenciamento sustentável e a otimização das práticas de manejo dos solos. Associada ao conhecimento da variabilidade dos atributos do solo e ao mapeamento das formas do relevo, a modelagem matemática tem auxiliado no planejamento agrícola. Objetivou-se então, no presente trabalho, caracterizar a variabilidade espacial de atributos físicos e químicos de Latossolo e Argissolo utilizando-se a classificação numérica e o modelo digital de elevação em duas áreas, identificadas por duas pedoformas distintas: pela convexa, para o Latossolo (158 ha) e por meio da linear, para o Argissolo (172 ha). Foram retiradas 53 amostras no Latossolo e 57 amostras no Argissolo e realizada análise multivariada de agrupamentos dos atributos estudados a partir de suas distâncias euclidianas. Esta análise caracterizou, por meio de dendogramas e juntamente com os modelos digitais de elevação para os diferentes solos, grupos mais homogêneos em Argissolo e menos homogêneos para o Latossolo em pedoforma convexa. Esses métodos quantitativos mostraram que as pedoformas condicionaram o padrão espacial dos atributos dos solos.
Estimativa de risco de contaminação de mananciais por agrotóxicos utilizados em culturas de café
Authors: Soares Alexandra F. S. , Leão Mônica M. D. , Vianna Neto Márcio R. , Oliveira Sílvia M. A. C.
Published: April 2012

Um estudo foi realizado no município de Manhuaçu, Minas Gerais, objetivando estudar os efeitos dos agrotóxicos utilizados nas culturas de café em águas superficiais e subterrâneas. Manhuaçu está localizada em uma região brasileira importante em termos de produção agrícola. Além disso, a cidade possui vários mananciais destinados ao abastecimento público e 13 pontos de captação de águas superficiais e subterrâneas. Houve várias ocorrências de câncer na população local. Um levantamento realizado em municípios de Minas Gerais identificou 122 cidades com altas ocorrências de câncer na população, entre essas constava Manhuaçu. As propriedades físico-químicas e as massas aplicadas de cada ingrediente ativo dos agrotóxicos estudados foram levantadas. Os algoritmos de Goss e GUS foram utilizados para se estimar o risco de contaminação de águas superficiais e subterrâneas, respectivamente. Alguns dos agrotóxicos utilizados na região, cujos potenciais de contaminação foram estimados como sendo altos, foram detectados em águas superficiais por CL/EM-EM. Este estudo pode auxiliar agricultores e organizações ambientais oficiais na seleção e controle de produtos, respectivamente.
Reactions to Resistance: The Role of Contextual Factors in Sex Offending
Authors: Balemba Samantha , Beauregard Eric
Published: April 2012

Upon encountering victim resistance during the commission of a sexual assault, an offender makes a decision as to how to react to the resistance via the use of varying degrees of coercive or noncoercive tactics. Exhaustivechi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analyses were performed on a sample of 369 criminal events to detect the significant situational and crime-specific factors, the pertinent interactions between these factors, and how these affect an offender’s reaction to victim resistance depending on whether the victim is a child or an adult. Findings show that multiple interactions do occur and, moreover, factors affecting the offender’s reaction to victim resistance are very different depending on whether the victim is a child or an adult. Planning and preparation variables, such as the offender’s attack strategy, were found to be significant in the child victim model, whereas reactive variables, such as the type of victim resistance, were found to be significant in the adult victim model. The findings lend support to the social interactionist perspective and the importance of victim–offender dynamics.
Gender Differences in Attitudinal Acceptance of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Under Attachment-Relevant Contexts
Authors: Valdez Christine E. , Lilly Michelle M. , Sandberg David A.
Published: April 2012

Attachment theory has been one of the leading theoretical frameworks in the last few decades for explaining physical violence within romantic relationships. In this study, the authors examined differences in attachment patterns and attitudinal acceptance of violence perpetrated in romantic relationships among men and women. The Attitudinal Acceptance of Intimate Partner Violence questionnaire was developed to measure acceptance of intimate partner violence (IPV) under attachment-relevant contexts of abandonment, as well as other contexts identified in the literature. Results indicated that men with higher degrees of attachment anxiety were more accepting of both maleand female-perpetrated IPV under contexts of abandonment, and men with higher degrees of attachment avoidance were more accepting of female-perpetrated IPV under contexts of abandonment. Implications for research and treatment are discussed.
Development of an Online Education Program for Midwives in Australia to Improve Perinatal Oral Health
Authors: George Ajesh , Duff Margaret , Ajwani Shilpi , Johnson Maree , Dahlen Hannah , Blinkhorn Anthony , Ellis Sharon , Bhole Sameer
Published: April 2012

It is recommended that all pregnant women should receive a comprehensive oral health evaluation because poor maternal oral health may affect pregnancy outcomes and the general health of the woman and her baby. Midwives are well placed to provide dental health advice and referral. However, in Australia, little emphasis has been placed on the educational needs of midwives to undertake this role. This article outlines the development of an online education program designed to improve midwives’ dental health knowledge, prepare them to assess the oral health of women, refer when required, and provide appropriate dental education to women and their families. The program consists of reading and visual material to assist with the oral health assessment process and includes competency testing.
Giving Birth: “We Just Don’t Talk About It”
Authors: Lothian Judith A. , Grauer Alyson
Published: April 2012

In this column, Alyson Grauer, a young woman recently embarking on her postuniversity career, shares her experiences with friends who do not talk about childbirth. She contrasts their fear and their unwillingness to talk and learn about birth with her own experience being the daughter of a Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educator and doula. Grauer’s experiences provide a backdrop for a deeper understanding of young adults’ beliefs about childbirth. Judith Lothian provides insight related to when and why women and men stopped talking about birth and the implications for childbirth education.
Transitions: The Birth of Flora Arden
Authors: Scharback Alecia White
Published: April 2012

In this column, a young mother shares the story of her second home birth. Like the birth of her first baby, her daughter Flora’s birth was supported by the presence of a midwife and doula, the peace and quiet of her own home, and the love of her husband and family. Birth is described as transforming and a powerful transition for women. She describes the births of both her children as being “forever emblazoned on my heart as the sweetest and strongest days of my small life.” Paralleling this story of birth is the story of her mother-in-law as she faces brain cancer and seizes the power of that life transition.
In Search of a Common Agenda for Planned Home Birth in America
Authors: Vedam Saraswathi
Published: April 2012

Leading maternity provider organizations in North America have been in conflict about birth at home and birth centers, debating issues related to safety, access, the value of obstetric intervention, and patient autonomy. In today’s environment, childbirth educators and doulas are often required to explain to parents why physiological birth and evidence-based, low-technology methods of labor and birth care are not available in every setting, and why maternity providers disagree about birth place. There are very few regions in the United States where home birth providers are integrated into interprofessional provider networks that allow for seamless care across birth settings. In October 2011, multidisciplinary leaders met at a Home Birth Consensus Summit in Warrenton, Virginia, to discuss the status of home birth within the greater context of maternity care in the United States. This article describes the intent and outcomes of the summit. Four of the nine consensus statements developed at the summit are of particular interest and importance to mothers and families and, hence, to childbirth educators and advocates. Consumers, educators, and birth advocates are encouraged to widen the circle, identify communications experts, lead individual projects, or serve as advisors.
Make the Stillborn Baby and the Loss Real for the Siblings: Parents’ Advice on How the Siblings of a Stillborn Baby Can Be Supported
Authors: Avelin Pernilla , Erlandsson Kerstin , Hildingsson Ingegerd , Bremborg Anna Davidsson , Rådestad Ingela
Published: April 2012

This study aimed to investigate parents’ advice to other parents on the basis of their own experiences of siblings’ taking leave of a stillborn sister or brother. The study was a Web questionnaire study of 411 parents. The thematic content analysis resulted in two categories: “Make the stillborn baby and the loss real for the siblings” and “Take the siblings’ resources and prerequisites into account.” Parents’ advised that siblings should see and hold the stillborn baby and, thus, be invited and included into the leave-taking process with respect to the siblings’ feelings, resources, and prerequisites. Based on these findings, professional caregivers can usefully be proactive in their approach to facilitate and encourage the involvement of siblings.
Body condition and longevity of high yielding dairy cows
Authors: Novakovic Z. , Sretenovic Lj. , Aleksic S. , Petrovic M.M. , Pantelic V. , Ostojic-Andric D. , Niksic D.
Published: April 2012

Body condition of high yielding Holstein-Friesian dairy cows changes during
the production cycle. It represents important indicator of achieved level of
nutrition and degree of nourishment. BCS is a functional method, and integral
part of the strategy and basis of corrective activities in farm management.
BCS of cows in all phases of production cycle is important indicator of
applied nutrition, but also of the technological process sin general. The
amount of body reserves in form of fat tissue cow has before calving as huge
impact on incidence of potential post-calving problems, production of milk,
reproductive efficiency and health condition. Very often animals are culled
from the herds prematurely, which shortenes the life exploitation of cows.
Longevity is the ability to survice in certain production conditions. Life
expectancy is from the economical aspect the most important functional trait
of high yielding cows and represents necessary condition for sustainability
of milk production over longer period. Average BCS of culled cows for the
first stage of lactation was 3,35 (2,41-4,37) for the second stage of
lactation 3,50 (2,59-4,59), for the third 2,22 (1,44-2,91) and the fourth
2,36 (1,37- 3,37). Variation coefficient (Cv) ranged from 12,59 to 16,82.
Average age of culled cows was 2037,07 days or 5,58 years with variation
interval of 742,00 to 5430,00 days. Age at culling showed high variability
(Cv=45,69). Number of culled cows (n=34 or 32.69%) was the highest at the age
of over 7 years (7,10-14,88). The same cows showed the highest variability in
regard to longevity (Cv=17,97).
Performance of GC-MS analysis for differentiation of various types of flour by creating dendrogram of liposoluble extract
Authors: Vujic Djura , Acanski Marijana , Bodroza-Solarov Marija , Hristov Nikola , Krunic Milica
Published: April 2012

Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used for performing a
qualitative analysis of liposoluble flour extract made of different types of
small grains (bread wheat, barley and triticale). The results show that the
dominant methyl-esters of fatty acids composition is same for all samples,
but the percentage of their representation in various types of small grains
is different. Transesterification reagent was TMSH (Trimethylsulfonium
hydroxide, 0.2M in methanol). With transesterification reaction fatty acids
from acilglycerol esterifyed to methyl-esters. In all extract analyzed methyl
linoleate predominated, followed by methyl palmitate, methyl oleate and
methyl stearate in decreasing order. The following tests cluster analysis was
used for the comparison of the liposoluble flour extract different types of
small grains.
Deformation induced martensite characterization in Fe-30%Ni-5%Cu alloy
Authors: Güler E. , Güler M.
Published: April 2012

Deformation induced martensite properties were examined according to existing
martensite morphology, crystallography and formation temperatures for
different prior austenite homogenization conditions in Fe-30%Ni-5%Cu alloy.
Scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to investigation.
Scanning electron microscope observations showed elongated deformation
induced martensite morphology in the austenite phase of alloy. As well, after
deformation martensite start temperatures (Ms) were determined as -101?C and
-105?C from DSC measurements for different homogenization conditions. In
addition, X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the face centred cubic (fcc) of
austenite phases and body centred cubic (bcc) deformation induced martensite
phases for all studied samples.
Microstructure and grain refining performance of Ce on A380 alloy
Authors: Voncina M. , Mrvar P. , Petric M. , Medved J.
Published: April 2012

In the present work, the microstructure and grain refining performance of Ce
on A380 alloy have been investigated, using thermal analysis, light
microscopy with polarized light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The
purpose was to study the influence of Ce addition on the formation of the
microstructure. Ce changed the morphology of eutectic Al2Cu phase and caused
small formation of primary crystals of ?Al. Furthermore Ce phase was detected
indicating quaternary phase AlCeCuSi (Al9Ce2Cu5Si3).
Kinetics and mechanism of sphalerite leaching by sodium nitrate in sulphuric acid solution
Authors: Sokic M. , Markovic B. , Matkovic V. , Zivkovic D. , Strbac N. , Stojanovic J.
Published: April 2012

Interest for application of hydrometallurgical processes in a processing of
complex sulphide ores and concentrates has increased in recent years. Their
application provides better metal recoveries and reduced emission of gaseous
and toxic ageneses in the environment. The kinetics and mechanism of
sphalerite leaching from complex sulphide concentrate with sulphuric acid and
sodium nitrate solution at standard conditions was presented in this paper.
The influences of temperature and time on the leaching degree of zinc were
investigated and kinetic analysis of the process was accomplished. With
temperature increasing from 60 to 90?C, the zinc leaching increased from
25.23% to 71.66% after 2 hours, i.e. from 59.40% to 99.83% after 4 hours. The
selected kinetic model indicated that the diffusion through the product layer
was the rate-controlling step during the sphalerite leaching. The activation
energy was determined to be 55 kJ/mol in the temperature range 60-90?C. XRD,
light microscopy and SEM/EDX analyses of the complex concentrate and leach
residue confirmed formation of elemental sulphur and diffusion-controlled
leaching mechanism.
Success rate of intrauterine insemination in patients with unknown infertility
Authors: Jasovic Vladimir , Jasovic-Siveska Emilija
Published: April 2012

Background/Aim. Unknown cause of infertility exists in 10%-26% of couples
with infertility problems. Treatment of these couples depends on the
possibility of correcting the unidentified defect over time. Intrauterine
insemination (IUI) and ovaluation stimulation are methods of choice in
treatment of unexplained fertility, but if a woman is older than 37 years, in
vitro fertilization (IVF) could be directly recommended. The aim of this
research was to compare the success rate of pregnancies with IUI between the
patients with unexplained infertility and the patients with mild form
endometriosis. Methods. The study included on 50 patients diagnosed with mild
form endometriosis (group A) and 50 patients with unknown cause infertility
(group B). Using the same therapeutical protocol, human menopausal
gonadothropin (hMG) stimulation and horionic gonadropin (hCG) induction were
applied, as well as IUI. Results. The percentage of achieved ovulation was
higher in the group B (p < 0.05). During the 3 simulated sequential periods
102 IUI were performed in the group A and 97 IUI in the group B. In the group
A there were 6 single and 1 twin pregnancies sucesfully conceived (14%),
while in group B there were 9 (18%) single pregnancies. Conclusion. The use
of a combination of controled ovarian hyperstimulation and IUI is an
effective, cheap and safe method for treating infertility couples, especially
couples with unknown cause infertility. Mild form endometriosis, as
etiological infertility factor, has a negative impact on IUI success rate.
Significance of pathohistological findings and the expression of Bcl-2 in diagnosis and treatment of oral planocellular carcinoma
Authors: Loncarevic Slobodan , Vignjevic Sanja , Jovic Nebojsa , Acimovic Ljubisa , Gardasevic Milka , Todorovic Vera , Dimitrijevic Jovan
Published: April 2012

Background/Aim. Numerous studies were aimed to detect and characterize
various tumor markers in patients with oral planocellular carcinoma in order
to reduce moratlity and mobidity rates of these patients, as well as to
establish the correlation between the expression of specific tumor marker and
prognostic outcome. The aim of this study was to determine patohistological
characteristics of tumor and peritumor tissue in patients with oral
planocellular carcinoma, with special regard to the expression of Bcl-2, as
well as to point out the significance of clinicomorphological correlations
for clinical use. Methods. Sixty-two patients with oral planocellular
carcinoma, stage II and III, were examined. The patients were surgically
treated for this condition at the Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, Military
Medical Academy, Belgrade. Surgical specimens were obtained from both tumor
and peritumoral tissues. Patohistologic degree of tumor differentiation and
the immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2 were determinated for each
specimens. Results. Twenty-four (39%) patients had tumor dimension T1, while
six (9%) and thirty-two (52%) patients had tumor dimension T2 and T3,
respectively. Patohistologic analysis of peritumor connective, fat, muscle
and bone tissue samples confirmed the presence of tumor infiltration. The
expression of Bcl-2 in peritumor tissue samples correlated significantly with
tumor?s histologic grade (? = 0.468; p < 0.001), nuclear grade (? = 0.430; p
< 0.001) and nucleocytoplasmic ratio (? = 0.410; p = 0.001). Conclusion. This
results suggest that the expression of Bcl-2 in combination with
patohistologic findings could have a prognostic value in patients with oral
planocellular carcinoma.
Microleakage, adaptation ability and clinical efficacy of two fluoride releasing fissure sealants
Authors: Markovic Dejan , Petrovic Bojan , Peric Tamara , Blagojevic Duska
Published: April 2012

Background/Aim. Retention of fissure sealants and good adaptation to enamel
are essential for their success. Fluoride releasing resin-based materials are
widely accepted for pit and fissure sealing, but newly designed glass
ionomers can serve as a good alternative. The aim of this study was to
evaluate microleakage and sealing ability in vitro, and to clinically assess
two fluoride releasing fissure sealants. Methods. The sample for experimental
study consisted of 20 freshly extracted intact human third molars, divided in
two experimental groups according to the sealing material: fluoride releasing
resin-based (Heliosel F) and glass ionomer (Fuji Triage) material. Digital
images and scanning electron microscope were used to assess microleakage and
adaptation ability. Sample for clinical study consisted of 60 children, aged
6-8 years, with high caries risk, divided in two groups according to the
sealant material. Fissure sealant was applied to all erupted, caries-free
first permanent molars. Sealants were evaluated after 3, 6 and 12 months
using modified Ryge criteria for retention, marginal adaptation, colour
match, surface smoothness and caries. Results. Microleakage was detected in
more than half of the specimen, without significant differences between the
two groups (p > 0.05). Both materials exhibited acceptable sealing ability.
Complete retention at the end of the observation period was 81.8% for
resin-based, and 21.1% for glass-ionomer fissure sealant (p < 0.001). The
presence of caries in sealed molars has been detected in one patient in both
groups. During the 12-month observation period, Helioseal F demonstrated
better retention, marginal adaptation and surface smoothness (p < 0.001).
There were no differences between the two materials regarding caries and
color match (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Both tested materials demonstrate
satisfactory clinical and caries prophylactic characteristics that justify
their use in contemporary preventive dentistry.