bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neoliberalism’s Children: India’s Economy, Wageless Life, and Organized Crime in The Moor’s Last Sigh
Authors: Henry Matthew S.
Published: August 2015

As a comment on India after the publication of Midnight’s Children , Salman Rushdie’s 1995 novel The Moor’s Last Sigh offers a broad-based critique of modern India within the context of economic policy shifts that followed the country’s independence from British rule in 1947. The gradual implementation of neoliberal economic policies in the 1980s and 1990s accompanied India’s emergence as a major player in the global capitalist economy but also led to drastic increases in income inequality, unemployment, and the proliferation of a vast informal sector of exploitable human capital. Rushdie’s novel identifies India’s entrepreneurial and capitalist classes, specifically in Mumbai/Bombay, as complicit in the exacerbation of the class disparity that has led, in many cases, to increased cultural tensions between Hindus and Muslims as well as the growing ubiquity of government corruption and organized crime. The novel offers additional insight into the exploitative logic of Hindu nationalist politics through its parodic depiction of the Shiv Sena party, which derives much of its political clout through its patriarchal, mafia-esque relationship with urban slum dwellers. The Moor’s Last Sigh delineates new and complex forms of oppression and exploitation in postcolonial India that often occur simultaneously along class and cultural lines.
Climate Change, Scale, and Literary Criticism: A Conversation
Authors: Clarke Michael Tavel , Halpern Faye , Clark Timothy
Published: August 2015

This conversation among the editors of ARIEL and Timothy Clark addresses his 2012 essay, “Derangements of Scale,” published in Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change . In his essay, Clark suggests that scale effects play an important role in contemporary global politics and climate change, and he proposes a new, larger scale of literary study commensurate with an awareness of these issues. The editors discuss the implications of Clark’s essay for postcolonial studies, the merits of his proposed method of literary interpretation, and the ramifications of his discussion of human agency. Clark takes up all of these issues in his response to the editors’ conversation.
Am I a Blogger?
Authors: boyd danah
Published: August 2015

The author reflects on the evolution of her blogging practice. After becoming a blogger “kinda by accident,” increasing involvement in the blogging community led to a decision to live certain parts of her life in public, in a networked age where visibility can be both humanizing and de-humanizing. Studying teenagers and their relationship to social media leads to questions about what it means to be a blogger today, as traditional aspects of power are now asserted through technologies that are deeply embedded in contexts of capitalism, traditional politics, and geoglobal power struggles.
On a Mission: Priests, Jesuits, “Jesuitresses,” and Catholic Missionary Efforts in Tudor-Stuart England
Authors: Mcclain Lisa
Published: August 2015

Beginning in 1609, English Catholic women in Mary Ward’s Institute of English Ladies returned to England to advance the mission of reclaiming England for Rome. The English Ladies typically avoided detection by Protestant authorities as they struggled to meet the religious needs of neglected populations. As women, they often could go where men could not, and their labors allowed those already involved in the mission to reach more Catholics and potential converts. This essay seeks to provide a more nuanced understanding of the English Mission’s delivery of pastoral care as well as the role of Ward and the English Ladies.
Archbishop Alojzije Stepinac of Zagreb and the Rescue of Jews, 1941–45
Authors: Gitman Esther
Published: August 2015

During World War II, Blessed Alojzije (Aloysius) Stepinac, archbishop and later cardinal of Zagreb (1898–1960), took action to rescue several hundred individuals associated with Croatia’s Jewish community, more than 1000 Jews in mixed marriages, and a number of others in danger from the Nazis. Using archival evidence, survivor testimonies, and other documentation, the author discusses how Stepinac reacted to the policies of the Nazi- and fascist-sponsored Ustaše regime and used his position in the Church to promote the rescue of Jews, supported by his moral convictions and Giuseppe Ramiro Marcone, Benedictine abbot and Pope Pius XII’s apostolic visitor to Croatia.
Difference in Survival between Housed and Homeless individuals with HIV, San Francisco, 2002–2011
Authors: Khanijow Keshav , Hirozawa Anne , Ancock Benedict , Hsu Ling Chin , Bamberger Joshua , Schwarcz Sandra K.
Published: August 2015

San Francisco (SF), a city with large HIV-infected and homeless populations, expanded supportive housing for HIV-infected people in 2007. We used the SF HIV/AIDS registry to compare survival between people who were homeless and who were housed at time of HIV diagnosis from 2002 through 2011. Housing status was obtained from medical records and deaths from local, state, and national vital registration. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. Ten percent of the 5,474 cases were homeless. Among people diagnosed between 2002 and 2006, the five-year survival was worse for people who were homeless at HIV diagnosis than for housed individuals (79% vs. 92%, p<.0001), but not for those diagnosed between 2007 and 2011 (92% vs. 93%, p=.3938). The improved survival among HIV-infected homeless people occurred during the time of increased supportive housing for this population. Our findings support including housing as an essential component of HIV care.
“I Was Tired of All the Sticking and Poking”: Identifying Barriers to Diabetes Self-Care Among Low-Income Pregnant Women
Authors: Yee Lynn M. , McGuire Jamie M. , Taylor Shaneah M. , Niznik Charlotte M. , Simon Melissa A.
Published: August 2015

Objective . Diabetes in pregnancy is a significant problem for low-income, minority women. We sought to evaluate barriers to diabetes self-care during pregnancy in an underserved population. Methods . Twenty-nine in-depth, semi-structured interviews were performed over 10 women’s pregnancies to identify barriers to successful diabetes management, using cognitive load theory to frame interview questions. Qualitative analysis of interview data used grounded theory techniques. Results . Fifty percent of this cohort of minority, low-income, public aid-supported women had pregestational diabetes. Six barrier domains were identified: diabetes novelty; social and economic chaos; nutrition challenges; psychological stressors; burden of disease management; and outcome expectation inability to promote behavior change. Conclusions . Low-income women face multiple barriers to successful diabetes self-care during pregnancy. Ability to achieve diabetes goals in pregnancy is influenced by several social, cognitive, and knowledge-based factors. Understanding this complex interplay of factors impacting diabetes management may help providers work with patients in achieving healthy pregnancies.
Keeping the Heat on for Children’s Health: A Successful Medical–Legal Partnership Initiative to Prevent Utility Shutoffs in Vulnerable Children
Authors: Taylor Daniel R. , Bernstein Bruce A. , Carroll Eileen , Oquendo Elizabeth , Peyton Linda , Pachter Lee M.
Published: August 2015

Objective . Energy insecurity may result in adverse consequences for children’s health, particularly for children with special health needs or chronic health conditions. We aimed to determine whether a multimodal intervention addressing energy insecurity within the framework of a medical–legal partnership (MLP) resulted in an increase in the provision of certifications of medical need for utility coverage in an inner city academic primary care practice. Methods . Working within a medical–legal partnership, we standardized criteria for providers approving medical need utility certification requests. We compared prior-year utility certification requests and approvals (pre-intervention) with the intervention year for families who reported energy insecurity on a waiting-room screening questionnaire. Results . Between the first and second years of the study, certification of medical need approvals increased by 65%, preventing utility shut-offs for 396 more families with vulnerable children. Conclusions . Energy insecurity can be screened for and addressed in a busy urban practice, potentially improving the wellbeing of vulnerable children.
Primary Care Pediatricians’ Perceived Prevalence and Surveillance of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Low-Income Children
Authors: Bright Melissa A. , Thompson Lindsay , Esernio-Jenssen Debra , Alford Shannon , Shenkman Elizabeth
Published: August 2015

Objective . A recent policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics outlines the central role of pediatricians in screening for and addressing precipitants of toxic stress (e.g., adverse experiences). Despite these recommendations, it is unknown whether pediatricians are in fact screening for these precipitants. Methods . A sample of 210 pediatricians serving low-income children completed a survey regarding their responses to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Participants were asked to estimate the prevalence of ACEs in their practice, their current practices, and recommendations for screening. Results . For nearly all ACEs, pediatricians’ estimates of the prevalence in their practice were lower than state-reported prevalence. For many ACEs, the number of pediatricians who support the need for recommended screening was far higher than the number who reported actually screening. Conclusions . Our findings suggest clinicians serving primarily low-income families recommend screening but may underestimate the prevalence of ACEs in their practice and may not be equipped to screen or address these matters consistently.
Academic and Post-Graduate Performance of African American Medical Students by Category of Premed Institution: Historically Black vs. Predominantly White Institutions
Authors: Capers Quinn , Way David P.
Published: August 2015

Purpose . African American (AA) physicians are more likely to practice primary care and care for underserved populations than majority physicians, yet remain underrep-resented in medicine. Because Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have a legacy of matriculating students with lower standardized test scores, majority medical schools may be reluctant to form pipelines with HBCUs. We compared academic and postgraduate performance of two groups of AA students at The Ohio State University College of Medicine: HBCU versus Predominantly White Institutions (PWI) graduates. Methods . We identified 212 AA matriculants between 1992 and 2007. Group 1 (N=39) were HBCU graduates, Group 2 (N=173) were PWI graduates. We compared MCAT scores, medical school, and post-graduate performance. Results . Despite lower average MCAT scores, groups did not differ significantly in terms of graduating, matching into residencies, selecting primary care, or achieving board certification. Conclusions . Majority medical schools should consider forming strong recruitment pipelines with HBCUs.
Not Near Enough: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Nearby Behavioral Health Care and Primary Care
Authors: Wielen Lynn M. Vander , Gilchrist Emma C. , Nowels Molly A. , Petterson Stephen M. , Rust George , Miller Benjamin F.
Published: August 2015

Background . Racial, ethnic, and geographical health disparities have been widely documented in the United States. However, little attention has been directed towards disparities associated with integrated behavioral health and primary care services. Methods . Access to behavioral health professionals among primary care physicians was examined using multinomial logistic regression analyses with 2010 National Plan and Provider Enumeration System, American Medical Association Physician Masterfile, and American Community Survey data. Results . Primary care providers practicing in neighborhoods with higher percentages of African Americans and Hispanics were less likely to have geographically proximate behavioral health professionals. Primary care providers in rural areas were less likely to have geographically proximate behavioral health professionals. Conclusion . Neighborhood-level factors are associated with access to nearby behavioral health and primary care. Additional behavioral health professionals are needed in racial/ethnic minority neighborhoods and rural areas to provide access to behavioral health services, and to progress toward more integrated primary care.
Patient Engagement and Activation in Three Underserved Beacon Communities
Authors: Jardins Terrisca Des , Drone Shenetta A. , Hashisaka Susan , Hazzard Jobyna , Hunt Susan B. , Massey Kimberly , Rein Alison , Schachter Abigail , Turske Scott
Published: August 2015

Whether the setting is urban, rural, or somewhere in between, engagement strategies for the underserved require a great deal of flexibility and sensitivity to the socioeconomic, cultural, and geographic conditions of the patient population. The following report details how three unique communities designed specific strategies to engage underserved populations in the management of their chronic conditions.
The Effect of Structural Violence on Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Bahr Nathan C , Song John
Published: August 2015

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a burdensome and prevalent condition predominantly seen in populations of African heritage. Treatments for SCD, particularly those related to pain crisis, are largely insufficient. We argue that it is through structural violence—a systemic series of policies, institutions, and practices—that individuals who live with SCD suffer from health disparities. Similarly, we argue against other suggested mechanisms and causes, such as purely economic factors or low public interest and knowledge. We shall do this in part by comparing the systemic response to SCD to that of Cystic Fibrosis (CF), another genetic based illness with similar prevalence. Notably, CF that affects a very different target population, and has very different research, funding, and treatment trajectories. Underlying these arguments is the hypothesis that structural violence can harm a population in a developed nation just as it can in a developing one.
A Health Literacy Program Using Family Health History for Young Black Rural Students: Implications for Reducing Health Disparities
Authors: Foster Pamela Payne , Smith Annie
Published: August 2015

This report from the field introduces use of the U.S. Surgeon General’s Family Health Portrait in an African American rural middle school population in Alabama. It is believed that use of this online tool in this population could serve as a model for addressing chronic health disparities between African Americans and Whites at an earlier age.
Using Concept Mapping to Explore Barriers and Facilitators to Breast Cancer Screening in Formerly Homeless Women with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Weinstein Lara Carson , LaNoue Marianna , Hurley Katelyn , Sifri Randa , Myers Ronald
Published: August 2015

Women with serious mental illness (SMI) have disproportionately worse breast cancer profiles than those of other women. The purpose of this project was to examine barriers to and facilitators of breast cancer screening, specifically in formerly homeless women with SMI using the participatory methodology of concept mapping. A series of three concept mapping focus groups were held with 27 women over the age of 40 with a diagnosis of a SMI who live in supportive housing programs, and with 16 housing program staff. Data from the focus groups were combined through multidimensional scaling to create a visual cluster map . Barriers and facilitators to mammography screening generated by the participants clustered into eight categories. Participants rated addressing educational issues as most important and feasible. Interventions designed to improve mammogram screening in this population should address patients’ perception of personal risk and should target education and support systems as modifiable factors.
Participation of smallholders in agroforestry agri-environmental scheme: A lesson from the rural mount Kenyan region
Authors: Benjamin Emmanuel O. , Blum Matthias
Published: August 2015

The likelihood of smallholder farmers not participating in agroforestry agri-environmental schemes and payments for ecosystem services (PES) may be due to limited farmland endowment and formal credit constraints. These deficits may lead to an ‘exclusive club ’ of successful farmers, which are not necessarily poor, enjoying the benefits of agri-environmental schemes and PES although agri-environmental schemes and PES have been devised as a means of fostering rural sustainable development and improving the livelihood of poor smallholder farmers. Smallholder farmers in parts of rural Kenya continue to enroll in ‘The International Small Group Tree Planting Programme’ (TIST), an agri-environmental scheme, promoting agroforestry, carbon sequestration and conservation agriculture (CA). The question remains if these farmers are really poor? This study examines factors that determine the participation of smallholder farmers in TIST in parts of rural Kenya. We use survey data compiled in 2013 on 210 randomly selected smallholder farmers from Embu, Meru and Nanyuki communities; the sample consists of TIST and non-TIST members. A random utility model and logit regression were used to test a set of non-monetary and monetary factors that influence participation in the TIST. The utility function is conceptualized to give non-monetary factors, particularly the common medium of communication in rural areas – formal and informal – a central role. Furthermore, we investigate other factors (incl. credit accessibility and interest rate) that reveal the nature of farmers participating in TIST. The findings suggest that spread of information via formal and informal networks is a major driver of participation in the TIST program. Furthermore, variables such credit constrains, age and labour supply positively correlate with TIST participation, while for education the opposite is true. It is important to mention that these correlations, although somewhat consistent, were all found to be weak . The results indicate that participation in the TIST program is not influenced by farm size; therefore we argue that the TIST scheme is NOT an ‘exclusive club’ comprising wealthy and successful farmers. Older farmers’ being more likely to join the TIST is an argument for their long- rather than widely assumed short-term planning horizon and a new contribution to the literature. Given the importance of poverty alleviation and climate smart agriculture in developing countries, sustainable policy should strengthening the social and human capital as well as informal networks in rural areas. Extension services should effectively communicate benefits to less educated and credit constrained farmers.
Relationship among local content policy, indigenous oil firms’ participation and job creation in nigeria: A theoretical concept
Authors: Abdulkabir N. Adedeji , Sidique Shaufique F. , Rahman Azmawani Abd. , Hook Law S.
Published: August 2015

The focus of this paper is to explain in more detail the theoretical concept of the relationship among local content policy (LCP), indigenous oil firms’ participation and job creation in Nigeria’s oil and gas sector. There is no doubt about that “capital-intensivity” of oil and gas sector and that it creates little amount of jobs in the economy. However, it has been argued that if the sector is well managed and regulated, it has potential to create sizable employment. This mounts on the perception that several medium-scaled services often required in stages of production of oil products which may generate many employments. Recently, the motive for job creation in oil and gas sector, particularly for local labours, has led many established oil-producing countries to implement some regulatory policies in their hydrocarbon sectors. One common of such policies is the so-called local content policy (LCP). Generally, the LCP often aims at increasing participation of local oil service companies through which employment opportunities would be created for local workforce. Nigeria, a nascent oil-export country, introduced LCP in its hydrocarbon sector early 2001. The core objective of this policy in Nigeria is not uniquely different from other oil-rich countries where the policy has been practiced. The policy is mainly designed to increase participation of Nigerian indigenous firms for value addition to local economy, especially, in terms of creation of more employments for Nigerian workforce within the sector. Some corpus of studies has described the relationship between LCP and local firms’ participation in the oil sector, many of which relied on theory of firm. However, they provide little understanding on how such influence relate to job creation. This paper demonstrates and explains in more detail a theoretical relationship that likely to exist among the LCP, indigenous oil firms’ participation and job creation in the oil and gas sector. The focus is not on empirical examination of the effect, rather on explanation of conceptual relationship among these variables, which has seen as an indispensable. In this paper, we infer that there might be a linear link between LCP and indigenous oil firms’ participation in the industry. This paper argues that the credence of LCP relies on the amount of job it evolved. However, if interaction between LCP and indigenous firms’ participation fails to relate to job creation, then, the focal objective of the policy on value addition, as regard to job creation, may not achieved.
Does Kaldor’s hypothesis hold in India?
Authors: Sankaran* A. , Samantaraya Amaresh
Published: August 2015

Issues relating to the interaction between the industrial sector of an economy and the overall economic activity under Kaldor’s hypothesis have been an interesting area of research. While a number of empirical studies have been carried out to test Kaldor’s hypothesis in many industrial and emerging economies, a similar study in the Indian context is conspicuously absent. With a series of comprehensive economic reforms initiatives introduced in India during the last two decades, there has been greater market orientation in the overall economy, and the inter-linkages between the industrial sector and the overall economy have assumed new dimensions. Against this backdrop, the present study empirically examines Kaldor’s hypothesis in the Indian context. For the empirical investigation, various time series econometric techniques such as Johansen and Juselius co-integration test and Granger causality test are applied to examine the relationship between industrial output and overall economic growth measured in terms of Gross National Product. The co-integration analysis takes into account the non-stationarity problem in the data, which is generally observed in various macroeconomic time series. It examines the presence of long-term stability in the relationship between two or more time series when they are integrated of order 1. The associated error correction mechanism explores the short term dynamics along with the adjustment process. We have used Indian annual data covering the period 1970-2011 for the empirical exercises. From the estimated results, it was revealed that both our time series under investigation, viz ., industrial sector output and overall GNP were non-stationary and integrated of order 1. But the Johansen-Juselius co-integration test established long-term stability in their association. The error-correction mechanism revealed that any short-term discrepancy in the relationship was corrected over time. The results also showed a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to growth in industrial sector. Thus, GNP-led industrial growth pattern exists in India, and our findings fail to provide evidence supporting Kaldor’s hypothesis in the context of fast-growing Indian economy. The findings of the present study have important policy implications. Given the fact that the industrial sector is the backbone of the overall economy, it needs to grow consistently. Particularly, the policy makers in India should strive to promote India’s manufacturing exports along with the service sector.
Causality between trade and economic growth in a least developed economy: Evidence from Nepal
Authors: Bastola Umesh , Sapkota Pratikshya
Published: August 2015

Widening trade deficit has been a matter of serious concern in any policy debate in Nepal. With continuous increase in the gap between growth of export and that of import, Nepal’s increased trade imbalance is likely to jeopardize the country’s macroeconomic stability. In this context, understanding systematic relationships between international trade and economic growth aspects of Nepal would guide policy makers to formulate appropriate policies. This study is the first attempt to examine the causal relationships among real gross domestic product (GDP), exports, and imports for the case of Nepal. Utilizing annual data from 1965 to 2011, we investigate the causal relationships among the variables in a cointegration framework. We employ two methods for testing cointegration, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and the trivariate Johansen approach, and consistently find existence of one cointegrating relationship among real GDP, exports, and imports. Moreover, the empirical tests show that the estimated long-run parameters are stable over time. Applying multivariate Granger causality tests based on error correction and vector autoregression models, we find unidirectional causality running from export to GDP both in the short- and the long-run, thus supporting the export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis. Although imports are found to Granger cause GDP, the long-run estimates show significantly negative effect of imports on GDP implying a negative causality. In this context, trade policies that substitute imports seem more pertinent for Nepal. The results highlight necessity of fostering exports, which would require establishment of proper infrastructure, both physical and institutional, for trade and investment capital for industrialization focusing on commodities that have comparative and competitive advantages. Moreover, fulfillment of domestic demand with less reliance on imported goods and increment of productivity in all sectors of the economy is crucial. Overall, effective implementation of policies that boost exports and maintain healthy trade balance are likely to improve the Nepalese economy in both the short- and the long-run.
An empirical analysis of import demand function for Turkey: An ARDL bounds testing approach
Authors: Durmaz Nazif , Lee Jaehyuk
Published: August 2015

Since the 1980’s, Turkish economy has revealed a dramatic growth. The purpose of the present study is to develop the import demand behavior of Turkey as an emerging economy and discover the long-run relation between the import demand and the components of GDP. One of the main reasons we adopt a disaggregated model to test aggregated import demand function estimation is that it deals with the potential aggregation bias when the different macro components have different import contents. The second reason is we believe that elimination of the biasedness will produce better forecasting results. This study examines the long-run and short-run elasticities of Turkey’s disaggregate import demand using an annual dataset that covers the period of 1980 to 2011. The error-correction modeling and cointegration analysis are the appropriate techniques since we try to discover the long-run relation between the import demand and components of GDP. First we determine the degree of integration of each variable in the model to apply the cointegration test that is known as an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). We collect the dataset from United Nations Statistical Division National Accounts Official Country Data and World Bank’s Development Indicators. This paper is one of the first studies to estimate import demand function of Turkey using the recent data which makes it different from earlier studies. Our results suggest that there is a long run relationship between the dependent variable and the control variables in the import demand function. All the explanatory variables are statistically significant in the long-run and the short-run as well. Our results also suggest that in the long run all of the included variables in the model are statistically significant. All the independent variables have inelastic effects on imports except total consumption. Relative price variable has a positive effect which may suggest in the short run importers cannot adjust price changes faster, consequently causing an increase in import expenditure bills. Thus, Turkish trade balance may get worsen if imports exceeds exports.
“Nobody Owns”: Ulysses , Tenancy, and Property Law
Authors: Gibson Andrew
Published: August 2015

The period of Joyce’s early life is one of huge turbulence around the question of land and property law but also of unresolved tensions which do not start to relax until 1904. Between 1878 and 1904, a period running more or less from Joyce’s birth to his departure from Ireland, the question of land and property law assumed a new dimension and took on an altogether new intensity. In thinking about Joyce and property law in a British-Irish historical context, at least four crucial factors are worth keeping in mind. First, there was the historical priority of Brehon Law. Second, however, the cause of the nightmare was not the imposition of the colonizer’s alien legal system. Had English property law been comprehensively and scrupulously applied in Ireland, the political benefits would have been substantial, if not decisive. Hence, third, throughout the nineteenth and into the early-twentieth century, land law and politics were inextricable from one another. Fourth, as far as land and property law is concerned, imaginary oppositions of agrarian issues to urban ones are delusive. The Joyce of Ulysses responds to this situation in complex ways: by presenting his registrations or perceptions of a state of affairs as less strictly nationalist than nationalist-oriented; by providing a critique of nationalist responses, a skepticism as to their integrity, and a desire to get them in (comic and ironic) proportion; and by offering us, somewhere quite deep beneath the surface of Ulysses , an obscure, melancholic, socialist dream of the end of property law.
The Prestige of the Law: Revisiting Obscenity Law and Judge Woolsey’s Ulysses Decision
Authors: Birmingham Kevin
Published: August 2015

Judge John Woolsey’s famous 1933 U.S. District Court decision declared Ulysses not obscene, which legalized the novel’s importation into the United States and paved the way for Random House’s 1934 edition. Important as “U.S. v. One Book Called ‘Ulysses’” was, none of the principles Woolsey articulated were new. A deeper understanding of Woolsey’s decision and its importance must restore its larger contexts, and this essay considers the decision’s unusual features—its sparse use of a rich case history, its rhetorical flourishes, its outsize stature—through a detailed consideration of Judge Woolsey himself. Several unexamined documents in archives and in private hands help to clarify our heretofore hazy picture of Woolsey, and a clearer image suggests that his decision relies not upon the standard authority of case law but upon the self-evident assertion of cultural value, or what we might call prestige. What makes Judge Woolsey’s literary bent both compelling and “dangerous” (as Judge Learned Hand described it) is that it highlights how legal authority, particularly regarding obscenity, often amounts to a form of prestige.
The Ulysses Cases and What They Reveal About Lawyers and the Law
Authors: Gleeson John
Published: August 2015

This essay discusses the ways in which the 1920 and 1933 obscenity cases involving Ulysses —the first banning the novel in America and the second liberating it—provide a window into the world of lawyers and judges that remains useful today. My perspective on the two cases as a former prosecutor and sitting judge is followed first by my lament that too many members of my profession are insufficiently comfortable in our lawyers’ skin, causing them to act like something they are not, with results ranging from the pathetic to the outright dangerous. Second, I explain how the Ulysses cases illustrate a troubling fact about judges in America: when they are equipped with indeterminate rules of decision that allow them to change the direction of the law, as a general matter, judges cannot be counted on to lead the way toward needed changes. Rather, their decisions tend to track and ratify public opinion at the time they are made. In other words, judges are more likely to follow than lead. As a result, when needed change eventually arrives, as it did with respect to government censorship of the written word, it usually arrives too late.
Judging Woolsey Judging Obscenity: Elitism, Aestheticism, and the Reasonable Libido in the Ulysses Customs Case
Authors: Spoo Robert
Published: August 2015

This essay explores the legal and social challenges that federal Judge John Munro Woolsey faced in deciding the Ulysses Customs case in 1933. Woolsey’s decision and the opinion he wrote to explain it remain misunderstood today in the wake of recent critiques that have assailed him for purportedly making Ulysses into a monument of aesthetic autonomy and muting the work’s raw, salutary indecency. Woolsey’s judging was much more, however, than privileged power masquerading as urbane progressivism, indifferent to the popular will; instead, it was a flexible, creative response to social and legal realities that constrained judicial approaches to obscenity in the 1930s. This essay reexamines the procedural and substantive dimensions of the litigation, including the parties’ waiver of a jury trial, Woolsey’s controversial use of “literary assessors,” and his important rulings on prurient effect, the reasonable libido, serious literary value, and holistic context for testing obscenity. In essence, Woolsey has been faulted, unfairly, for not applying legal standards that did not exist until thirty years later, and his actual achievement in his own moment has been undervalued.
Toward a Theory and Practice of Literary Valuing
Authors: Meyer-Lee Robert J.
Published: August 2015

After characterizing the two general approaches to literary value most often taken in Anglo-American treatments of the topic as either ontological (which emphasize what literary value is ) or genealogical (which emphasize how literary value is made ), this article defines and elucidates an alternative, complementary, pragmatic approach. This approach—taking as its basis the evident, pervasive valuing of literature that occurs both inside and outside the academy and drawing on the actor-network-theory of Bruno Latour—argues that acts of ascribing value are necessary for any social recognition of the literary, and that these acts occur distributed across a network of human and nonhuman valuing agents that extends indefinitely in time and space. It contends that literary value, in pragmatic practice, emerges through activities of mediation among these agents and explains how this view does not preclude ontological or genealogical accounts of value but is not reducible to them. The article next explores the implications of the characteristic looseness in an agent’s ascription of literary value, a characteristic that results in literary value often both manifestly pendant on, and in competition with, value of other kinds. In its conclusion, the article suggests how its approach to literary value may function as a shared conceptual platform for the diverse range of projects that today occur under the umbrella term of literary study, thereby helping to restore some conceptual coherence to the field.
The Ethics of Care as a Politics of the Ordinary
Authors: Laugier Sandra
Published: August 2015

T his paper sets out to strengthen a connection that, since the publication of my first writings on the concept of care, I have sought to establish between the ethics of care and my own philosophical background and ground—ordinary language philosophy as represented by Ludwig Wittgenstein, J. L. Austin, and Stanley Cavell—and thus to find in ordinary language philosophy (OLP), often considered to be disconnected from gender issues (except through speech act theory), resources for a reformulation of what for me is at stake in feminism: the inclusion and empowerment of women’s voices and expressiveness (and that means ALL women), and attention to their experience.
The Turn to Affect and the Problem of Judgment
Authors: Zerilli Linda M. G.
Published: August 2015

Linda Zerilli explores what the historian of science Ruth Leys has decried as the “nonintentionalism” of affect theory and its implications for critical feminist practices of judgment. To insist, as Leys does, on intentionalism as concept possession, argues Zerilli, does not adequately account for the fascination with nonconceptualism. Such fascination must be understood in relation to a wholly intellectualist view of conceptual rationality, according to which knowing how to do something involves a highly abstract and disembodied form of rule-following. Far from unique to affect theory, this view is shared by certain phenomenological philosophers and postfoundational feminist theorists, who have been eager to recover the idea of human practice as a form of nonrational and nonconceptual embodied coping. Zerilli draws on ordinary language philosophers such as Gilbert Ryle, Stanley Cavell, and Ludwig Wittgenstein to uncover the misunderstandings that animate the turn to nonconceptualism as the only alternative to intellectualism.
Crippled Speech
Authors: Marshall Caitlin
Published: August 2015

QuietBob97 is an alaryngeal speaker who foregrounds prosthetic voices in a series of sound-only YouTube videos. With performances designed to retrain a listener’s ear for different voices, QuietBob aspires to dismantle the stigma of un-naturalness that places the humanness of his voice (and his self) in question. This essay reads QuietBob’s performative moves to develop a theory of crippled speech – the representational crippling of speech and the concomitant desubjectification that attends bodies of vocal difference. Working between crip theory and Foucault’s norm, crippled speech contributes to sound and disability studies a new paradigm for hearing and thinking vocal alterity.
Détente, Recognition, and Citizenship: The Case of East Germany
Authors: Low Choo Chin
Published: August 2015

In the formative decade of the Cold War, East Germany suffered international isolation and its citizenship was not internationally recognized. Following the détente between the communist and capitalist blocs in the 1970s, the newly recognized East Germany worked toward pressuring the international community to recognize the existence of their statehood (and citizenship) as a prerequisite to establish diplomatic relations. In order to increase their state legitimacy, the GDR sought to have its citizenship recognized through consular treaties with third states, while the FRG prevented third states from recognizing a separate East German citizenship. This article examines the impacts of this changed diplomatic scene on citizenship diplomacy in the socialist states of East Germany. It suggests that the nationality position of the two German states examined had not fundamentally changed despite the normalization of relations.
The Uzbek Wild Card in the New Great Game in Central Asia
Authors: Schaefer Robert , Whitney Alasdair
Published: August 2015

Beginning in early 2013, US analysts detected a shift in Uzbekistan’s foreign policy—a move to increasingly rely on bilateralism as the basis for the state’s international relations. President Islam Karimov’s rejection of Russia’s self-proclaimed role of hegemon in Central Asia has likely contributed to this newfound policy approach that places Tashkent in a position to increase social and economic ties with the region’s emerging powerhouse—China. Although Uzbekistan has expressed consistent interest in establishing closer ties with the US, the withdrawal of US forces from the region diminishes the ability of the US to remain a plausible partner. This new approach to foreign relations will not fully prevent Uzbekistan from participating in the region’s multilateral organizations, but rather it is seen as an attempt to create some spacing between Tashkent and Moscow. This paper argues that active multistate cooperation between Uzbekistan, its Central Asian neighbors, and the region’s superpowers—Russia, China, and the United States—is necessary for the containment of extremism in Afghanistan following the International Security Assistnace Force drawdown in 2016. However, if Uzbekistan abandons multilateralism to the degree that neighboring Turkmenistan has and relies on the neorealist tenet of self-help in addressing political and security threats, the state will inevitably expose itself to Russian meddling. Uzbek cooperation with Vladimir Putin in the areas of economic development and security will continue but will be approached very cautiously due to the alarm resulting from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
On the Front Line in Someone Else’s War: Mallakastër, Albania, 1916–18
Authors: Nicholson Beryl
Published: August 2015

Albania was not a belligerent in the First World War, but several armies fought, uninvited, on its territory. From 1916 until the final retreat in 1918 the river Vjosa formed the Front Line between the Italian and Austro-Hungarian armies. Drawing on contemporary documents, this article discusses the consequences for the inhabitants on the right bank, occupied by the Austro-Hungarians. There was only minor fighting on this front line, but it damaged property in villages, and men were taken hostage by the Italians. Inhabitants of the most exposed villages sought shelter elsewhere. Men were pressured into work brigades and the army; many deserted. The presence of large numbers of troops caused serious food shortages. Finally, in midwinter, the army forced the evacuation of all the riverside villages. The occupiers saw the hardship they had caused as an inevitable consequence of war, but failed to recognize their culpability in inflicting it on others.
Optimizing Early Rule-Out Strategies for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Utility of 1-Hour Copeptin
Authors: Hillinger Petra , Twerenbold Raphael , Jaeger Cedric , Wildi Karin , Reichlin Tobias , Gimenez Maria Rubini , Engels Ulrike , Miró Oscar , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Puelacher Christian , Nestelberger Thomas , Röthlisberger Michèle , Ernst Susanne , Rentsch Katharina , Mueller Christian
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND

Combined testing of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and copeptin at presentation provides a very high—although still imperfect—negative predictive value (NPV) for the early rule-out of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We hypothesized that a second copeptin measurement at 1 h might further increase the NPV.

METHODS

In a prospective diagnostic multicenter study, we measured hs-cTnT and copeptin concentrations at presentation and at 1 h in 1439 unselected patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected AMI. The final diagnosis was adjudicated by 2 independent cardiologists blinded to copeptin concentrations. We investigated the incremental value of 1-h copeptin in the rule-out setting (0-h hs-cTnT negative and 0-h copeptin negative) and the intermediate-risk setting (0-h hs-cTnT negative and 0-h copeptin positive).

RESULTS

The adjudicated diagnosis was AMI in 267 patients (18.6%). For measurements obtained at presentation, the NPV in the rule-out setting was 98.6% (95% CI, 97.4%–99.3%). Whereas 1-h copeptin did not increase the NPV significantly, 1-h hs-cTnT did, to 99.6% (95% CI, 98.7%–99.9%, P = 0.008). Similarly, in the intermediate-risk setting (NPV 92.8%, 95% CI, 88.7%–95.8%), 1-h copeptin did not significantly increase the NPV (P = 0.751), but 1-h hs-cTnT did, to 98.6 (95% CI, 96%–99.7%, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

One-hour copeptin increased neither the safety of the rule-out process nor the NPV in the intermediate-risk setting. In contrast, the incremental value of 1-h hs-cTnT was substantial in both settings. ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00470587
Impact of maximum opening area constraints on profitability and biomass availability in forestry – a large, real world case
Authors: Borges Paulo , Bergseng Even , Eid Tron , Gobakken Terje
Published: September 2015

The nature areas surrounding the capital of Norway (Oslomarka), comprising 1 700 km of forest land, are the recreational home turf for a population of 1.2 mill. people. These areas are highly valuable, not only for recreational purposes and biodiversity, but also for commercial activities. To assess the impacts of the challenges that Oslo municipality forest face in their management, we developed four optimization problems with different levels of management constraints. The constraints consider control of harvest level, guarantee of minimum old-growth forest area and maximum open area after final harvest. For the latter, to date, no appropriate analyses quantifying the impact of such a constraint on economy and biomass production have been carried out in Norway. The problem solved is large due to both the number of stands and number of treatment schedules. However, the model applied demonstrated its relevance for solving large problems involving maximum opening areas. The inclusion of maximum open area constraints caused 7.0% loss in NPV compared to the business as usual case with controlled harvest volume and minimum old-growth area. The estimated supply of 20-30 GWh annual energy from harvest residues could provide a small, but stable supply of energy to the municipality.2
Regularization of Operator DAEs
Authors: Altmann Robert
Published: September 2015

A general framework for the regularization of constrained PDEs, also called operator differential-algebraic equations (DAEs), is presented. For this, we consider semi-explicit systems of first order which includes the Navier-Stokes equations. The proposed reformulation is consistent in the sense that the solution of the PDE remains untouched. However, one can observe improved numerical properties in terms of the sensitivity to perturbations and the fact that a spatial discretization leads to a DAE of lower index, i.e., of differentiation index $1$ instead of differentiation index 2.
Dimensionality reduction for studying physical phenomena
Authors: Quraishi Sarosh
Published: September 2015

We explore dimensionality reduction in the context of model based and model free approaches. In the model based approach there is a governing equation or a set of rules relating quantities of interest, whereas in a model free setting there are no rules or equations, only data is available. As an example consider the problem of squealing noise in a brake. The model based approach relates quantities of interest like mass distribution within the brake, damping, stiffness and other properties of a brake material, speed of rotation etc with a dynamical equation, the steady state behaviour can be obtained by converting it to an eigenvalue problem and finding eigenvalues and
eigenvectors (which are related to squeal frequency and mode shapes of a disc brake). The model reduction problem could be posed as projecting the eigenvalue problem to a lower dimensional space, while preserving important eigenvalues and eigenvectors. In contrast, the model free approach starts with data, i.e., a set of parameter values which correspond to squeal and the values which correspond to no-squeal. If the number of parameters responsible for squeal is very
large, then dimensionality reduction is concerned with reducing the number of these parameters or ranking these parameters in order of importance. We illustrate pros and cons of model based and model free dimensionality reduction with some numerical examples.