bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Integrated Child Development Services Scheme in Select Districts of Uttarakhand
Authors: Navuluri Kranthi Kumar Reddy , Kishore Surekha , Sinha Smita , Bahurupi Yogesh , Aggarwal Pradeep , Jain Bhavana
Published: June 2020

Introduction: ICDS scheme was launched on October 2nd 1975 to address high infant mortality, malnourishment and poor learning outcomes. Since its inception was playing  its role effectively, but still there were some shortcomings which were needed to be addressed. Uttarakhand was one among the states with poor health indicators with respect to child and mother, there is need to search for reasons effecting the implementation of programs intended for woman and child development. The present study aims to asses functioning of ICDS scheme in select Uttarakhand.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted selected areas of Uttarakhand state during October 2018 to June 2019, among 16 anganwadi centers from urban and rural areas of Dehradun and Haridwar districts. Results were expressed in percentages and proportions with 95% confidence interval. Relevant statistical tested applied wherever necessary.

Results: Functioning of ICDS scheme in Uttarakhand varied for different services provided under it. Supplementary nutrition service was uninterrupted but medicine kits and referral slips were not supplied to anganwadi centers at the time of study.

Conclusions: Study identified various insufficiencies regarding the functioning of ICDS scheme. There is a need to improve facilities at anganwadi centers for proper implementation of ICDS scheme.
Upperdogs Versus Underdogs
Authors: Bruijn Michelle , Vols Michel
Published: June 2020

Upperdogs Versus Underdogs: Judicial Review of Administrative Drug-Related Closures in the Netherlands

In the Netherlands, mayors are entitled to close public and non-public premises if drug-related activities are being conducted there. Using data from the case law of Dutch lower courts, published between 2008 and 2016, this article examines the relative success of different types of litigants, and the influence of case characteristics on drug-related closure cases. We build on Galanter’s framework of ‘repeat players’ and ‘one-shotters’, to argue that a mayor is the stronger party and is therefore more likely to win in court. We categorise mayors as ‘upperdogs’, and the opposing litigants as ‘underdogs’. Moreover, we distinguish stronger mayors from weaker ones, based on the population size of their municipality. Similarly, we distinguish the stronger underdogs from the weaker ones. Businesses and organisations are classified as stronger parties, relative to individuals, who are classified as weaker parties. In line with our hypothesis, we find that mayors win in the vast majority of cases. However, contrary to our presumptions, we find that mayors have a significantly lower chance of winning a case if they litigate against weak underdogs. When controlling for particular case characteristics, such as the type of drugs and invoked defences, our findings offer evidence that case characteristics are consequential for the resolution of drug-related closure cases in the Netherlands.
Nonprofit Church Leaders’ Perceptions and Lived Experiences Involving Innovation Competency and Change Management: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Addai-Duah Charity R , Hoon Stephanie N , Sinatra Salvatore J
Published: June 2020

Innovation competency among religious leaders has been an area of study as nonprofit researchers continue to discover that conventional ways of managing change are no longer effective when tackling present issues. Discussions regarding using innovation competency to manage change among religious leaders are vague, despite benefits to the nonprofit sector. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of nonprofit church leaders to better understand how innovation competency has shaped organizational change results. Boyatzis’ effective job performance model was the conceptual framework that guided this study. Interview data were gathered from 14 participants who met the inclusion criteria of being a leader with innovation competency experience living in New York, New York. Data from the transcripts were inductively analyzed by using computer software and coded techniques for 10 emergent themes. Results revealed improved organizational performance for church leaders who used innovation competency in managing change, along with spirituality and faith. However, emerging themes showed diverse reasons for innovation competency use and its influences on leaders’ behavioral characteristics. Positive social change can be achieved by promoting innovation competency among religious leaders irrespective of spirituality, belief, and doctrine position regarding change management and organizational performance. Outcomes of this study may also provide useful information for religious leaders regarding implementing new ways and programs to help organizational growth.
The „Third Wave”. Reborn of social activity, and a social inclusion, among young Poles
Authors: Nalaskowski Filip , Dejna Dagna
Published: June 2020

The phenomenon of the „Third Wave", which is a reborn of civic activity among a youth and social inclusion of young Poles is widely descripted from the historical perspective.
In the beginning the historical overview focuses on the "First Wave", - the period between 1945 and 1989, where the involvement of young people in social and political activities was mainly confrontational. The very first thought we have when it comes to the political and social activities of the emerging generation in post-war Poland are not a pro-systemic but anti-systemic activities. First of all the year 1968 - identified as the beginning of the large-scale opposition movement of the People's Republic of Poland.
The "Second Wave" is the generation crossing a borderline of 1989 as a children and youth. In general, it can be assumed that they were born between 1970 and 1985. The youngsters in this Wave were openly not-interested in the politics (ex. the record breaking low rate of participation in elections); disappointed with III RP, frustrated with a great social problems (unemployment, scandals on a large scale) were rather focused on personal and social issues on a micro scale (WOŚP, partys' youth wings).
The "Third Wave"- the period we are witnessing, is a dawn of youth activity. We are just at the beginning of the rising curve, which shows the a rise of active civic attitude among young people. The phenomenon of this rebirth, inclusion, is the result of several factors, which are a subject of article are presented in detail. We are witnessing a great increase in the activity of young people, the demonstration of their power, the efficiency, and the influence. Its direction and force depend strongly on current trends, popularity and communication skills. The young Poles and theirs mood are the main factors which are choosing the members of The Polish Parliament, creating a demand for products and creating cultural phenomena. The Internet has become a land of communication and organization of young people's activities.
In the article, the reader will find detailed reconstructions of the most important and popular activities of young Poles, the "Third Wave", their interpretation and explanations.
Referências médicas evitáveis em unidade de saúde de Porto Alegre
Authors: Moi Trevisol Daniele , Melz Graziela , Dias de Castro Filho Eno , Nascimento Fontanive Victor
Published: June 2020

Introdução: A análise das referências médicas de pacientes da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) para especialidades focais traz questões relevantes para a formulação e administração de políticas do sistema de saúde. A detecção de encaminhamentos potencialmente evitáveis pode permitir um aprimoramento dos processos de trabalho, assim como otimizar a alocação de recursos. Objetivo: Descrever as referências secundárias geradas por médicos de uma Unidade de APS vinculada ao Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), no ano de 2017, e construir critérios para classificá-las, discutindo sua evitabilidade. Métodos: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, baseado em documentação. Os dados foram obtidos no sistema GERCON® (Sistema de Gerenciamento de Consultas da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre/RS). Os encaminhamentos foram classificados conforme seu motivo e também conforme sua evitabilidade. Resultados: Foram gerados 799 encaminhamentos, a 110 especialidades médicas no período. Após a exclusão das especialidades de dermatologia e de pré-natal de alto risco (por mudança nos critérios e fluxos de encaminhamento, durante 2017), restaram 733 referenciamentos. Destes, 582 foram categorizados pelas pesquisadoras como não evitáveis e 151 como evitáveis. Os motivos de encaminhamentos predominantes foram: terapêuticas não disponíveis na APS (34%), recursos diagnósticos não disponíveis em APS (26,5%) e dúvida diagnóstica ou terapêutica (23,2%). Em relação à evitabilidade, foram identificados 20,6% de referenciamentos evitáveis, predominando aqueles que envolviam carência de conhecimentos/habilidades/ atitude do médico. Quanto aos encaminhamentos categorizados como não evitáveis (79,4%), predominaram aqueles efetivados por necessidade de conhecimentos/habilidades/procedimentos não próprios à APS. Conclusão: A construção de um conceito para referências evitáveis, a partir de estudos empíricos, pode enriquecer a gestão de serviços de APS, tendo em vista sua resolutividade. O presente estudo encontrou, nessa Unidade de APS, um baixo percentual de encaminhamentos potencialmente evitáveis.
Applicability of Rome I Regulation in International Commercial Arbitration
Authors: Vlček Filip
Published: June 2020

This contribution to the conference proceedings aims to describe the current views on the applicability of the Regulation on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I Regulation) in international commercial arbitration. By means of literature review, the author introduces the arguments in favour and against its binding application before the arbitral tribunals. Furthermore, the author explains the consequences of its (non)application by an example of Czech law. Finally, the author draws attention to the difficulty of the proper application of EU law in arbitration on account of the Nordsee case.
Challenges for the Future Development of the European Private International Labour Law
Authors: Bulla Martin
Published: June 2020

The paper addresses the evolution of the rules of the European private international labour law and identifies three key challenges that will shape the future development of this field of law and that will have to be addressed by the judiciary and/or the legislators. These challenges include: (i) the operation of the connecting factor engaging place of business, (ii) the interpretation of the escape clause and (iii) challenges resulting from the fourth industrial revolution and emergence of new working arrangements.
Community sourcing a response to COVID-19: A campus oral history project records the experiences of Seton Hall University’s students, staff, and faculty during the pandemic
Authors: Deyrup Marta Mestrovic , Ponichtera Sarah
Published: June 2020

In February 2020, the Seton Hall University Archives and Special Collections Center began the largely uncharted process of collecting and archiving the experiences of the university’s staff, students, and faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes the procedures put in place to crowdsource personal narratives and the decisions made to leverage the use of cell phones and social media—the new tools of oral history—to encourage participation by the community.
And the winners are . . . : The official results of the 2020 election
Authors: Of College and Research Libraries Association
Published: June 2020

Jon E. Cawthorne, dean of the Wayne State University Library System and the School of Information Sciences, is the 83rd president of ACRL.Julie Garrison, dean of university libraries at Western Michigan University, has been elected vice-president/president-elect of ACRL.
Batman Reimagined
Authors: White Jerome A.
Published: June 2020

Inspired by the “Batman Equation” of 2011, this article presents a challenging and engaging process for graphing complicated designs from just a single parametric equation pair. Reinforces numerous analytic geometry skills. Works in popular graphing software such as Desmos or GeoGebra, or even graphing calculators.
Then: The Timing of Algebra 1
Authors: Usiskin Zalman
Published: June 2020

This article briefly describes the timing of the first concentrated study of algebra over the 100 years of NCTM, from a 9th-grade course taken by only about 1/5 of students to a course taken by virtually all students, with almost half taking it in 8th grade.
GPS: Little Straw, Big Impact
Authors: Candela Amber G. , de Araujo Zandra
Published: June 2020

In this growing problem solvers article, readers explore their impact on the environment with their use of straws through measurement and geometry. The sequence of tasks spans grades P-12 and we invite readers to explore real world contexts with mathematics.
Análise da implementação da política nacional de resíduos sólidos na região metropolitana de Manaus
Authors: Alves Rodrigo Couto
Published: June 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a implementação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) na Região Metropolitana de Manaus (RMM) considerando o ano de 2014, utilizando os dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento (SNIS). A geração de resíduos sólidos é um dos problemas mais agravantes da sociedade contemporânea, reforçado pelo crescimento gradativo e desordenado da população, pela aceleração do processo de ocupação do território urbano e pelo crescimento acentuado dos bens de consumo popularizados pelo aumento da produção industrial. A presente pesquisa tem caráter de revisão bibliográfica e documental ao acessar informações contidas em documentos primários e originais, bem como documentos disponibilizados pelo SNIS. Os resultados mostraram uma baixa implementação da PNRS na RMM nos aspectos de reciclagem e disposição final, já os dados de universalização apresentaram-se positivamente. Logo, mediante os dados da principal fonte estatística pública sobre saneamento básico no país, o estudo mostrou que o processo de institucionalização da gestão de resíduos sólidos na Região Metropolitana de Manaus ainda está num estágio inicial.
Pourquoi certaines informations négatives médiatisées sur les marques font long feu : une lecture par le contrat psychologique
Authors: de Villartay Sophie , Berger-Remy Fabienne
Published: June 2020

L’étude de l’effet des informations négatives médiatisées sur les marques est récente et présente des conclusions contradictoires sur l’évolution de l’attitude des consommateurs. Cette recherche apporte un éclairage nouveau en mobilisant la théorie du contrat psychologique empruntée aux Ressources Humaines. A partir d’une étude exploratoire, et dans la lignée des travaux de Fournier, la recherche décrit les mécanismes et la dynamique perceptuelle de la relation marque-consommateur après une information négative dans les médias. La rupture, perçue ou non, du contrat psychologique, puis le sentiment de violation dudit contrat pourraient expliquer pourquoi les informations négatives médiatisées ne conduisent pas toutes au changement d’attitude a priori positive des consommateurs. Quatre facteurs aggravant la violation du contrat sont identifiés ainsi que deux facteurs venant l’atténuer. Un outil de diagnostic et des recommandations susceptibles d’aider les décideurs marketing à faire face aux informations négatives médiatisées sont proposés.
Améliorer l’attitude et l’intention de vaccination : le cas du rappel du vaccin Diphtérie-Tétanos-Poliomyélite (DTP)
Authors: Plichon Véronique , Maubisson Laurent , Saurel Hélène
Published: June 2020

Entre 18 et 25 ans, les jeunes adultes doivent prendre pour la première fois la décision de se faire vacciner (rappel du vaccin DTP). Adoptant une démarche expérimentale, cette étude menée auprès de 303 jeunes adultes teste l’efficacité de 6 combinaisons de messages pro-vaccination DTP sur les changements d’attitude et d’intentions comportementales, en faisant varier le cadrage (gain vs. perte) et l’argument utilisé (se faire vacciner pour soi, pour les autres, ou pour respecter la loi). Les résultats montrent que selon l’option, la communication est soit peu performante, soit contreproductive, en diminuant l’intention de vaccination. Il ressort également que certains cadrages sont à l’origine d’une chaîne séquentielle de nature soit plutôt affective, soit plutôt cognitive. Finalement, l’option la plus efficace consiste à développer des messages à partir du cadrage gain / légal : « Se faire vacciner, c’est respecter la loi ».
Le marché, un hyper-lieu au service du marketing de la ville et du territoire
Authors: Guguen-Gicquel Inès , Thevenot Géraldine
Published: June 2020

Cette recherche contribue à enrichir l’analyse du marché sous son angle social et géographique, en tant qu’hyper-lieu, pour saisir des éléments explicatifs de la pérennité de ce canal de distribution dans le monde contemporain, mouvant et complexe. L’analyse d’entretiens en profondeur met en évidence les différents types de socialité marchande à l’œuvre et les dimensions de l’hyper-lieu proposées dans ce format spécifique de distribution. Ces caractéristiques sociales et spatiales permettent au marché de développer une certaine agilité. Une meilleure prise en compte managériale de cette agilité dans la ville ainsi que le maillage d’autres hyper-lieux dans le tissu territorial engageraient sans aucun doute les acteurs vers une refonte de son attractivité.
Temporal Water Balance Analysis in Different Climatic Scenarios in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunbode Timothy Oyebamiji , Ifabiyi Ifatokun Paul
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted to examine water availability in different climatic scenarios in Oyo State. The data used comprised of rainfall and temperature records. The spans of the data used vary from one station to the other: 38-year data for Ibadan and 37-year for Ogbomoso stations, both collected from NIMET Office, Ilorin while 11-year also collected from the Office of Oyo State Agricultural Development Programme (OYSADEP) Headquarters at Shaki were available for Shaki Station. Evapotranspiration data for the three stations were empirically generated while water balance model was computed using MATLAB R2007a version in order to determine the respective water availability and the regression analysis was used to determine rainfall trends. The results showed that rainfall amounts vary from year to year and also increasing trends in the three stations over the period examined. It was also discovered that in all the periods investigated across the stations, Ibadan has 81.58%, Shaki, 81.81% and Ogbomoso, 56.80% as wet years indicating that there is abundant water resources in Oyo State. It is recommended that strategies  be put in place to exploit excess rainwater for various purposes especially by increasing the capacity of water reservoirs and dams across the State for development of pipe borne water network and also, for irrigation farming during dry spells. Further investigation is recommended on water balance and its implications for agricultural practice in the study area.
Forest conservation activities in Mount Brackett (Sacred Forest) in South West Mau forest, Kenya.
Authors: Langat Clifford Kipngeno , Koech Eric , Kiplangat Andrew , Owino Yuda Odongo
Published: June 2020

The study investigated forest conservation activities in Mt. Bracket (sacred forest) in South West Mau Forest. South West Mau Forest if found within central coordinates of 35° 38. 88ˈE and 0° 33. 00ˈS and an altitude of 1800 – 3000 m above sea level. Mt. Brackett was purposively chosen for study due to its religious and cultural benefits. Three transects were laid at 0-2 Km, 2-5 Km and over 5 Km parallel to the edge of forest and one study site selected from each transect. 225 household questionnaires were administered during the data collection by randomly identifying the first household (HH) in each study site and there after systematically selecting a HH after every third HH at an approximate distance of 300 m. The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 12 package at significant test levels of P < 0.05. Sensitization on forest conservation (57.3%), research and policing (59.7%) and tree planting (64.0%) were the main forest conservation activities in the area. Chi-square test demonstrated that there was no significant association (P > 0.05) between forest conservation activities in Mt. Brackett forest and the study sites in all the transects. The paper recommends that households adjacent to forests need to be sensitized and educated on forest conservation especially through Community Forest Associations (CFAs).
Incidence of Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) As Influenced by Sowing Date in Makurdi, Benue state of Nigeria.
Authors: Bwala Richard Isa , Ekhuemelo Chigoziri , Zacharia Dauda
Published: June 2020

Leaf spots of groundnut caused by Cercospora spp is one of the major economic production constraint militating against groundnut production in Nigeria.  Field experiments were conducted during the 2011 and 2012 seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi Nigeria  to assess the effect of sowing dates on the incidence of Cercospora leaf spot of groundnut The 2 x 4 x 3 factorial (2 groundnut varieties/ 4 sowing dates/ 3 replications) experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Results indicated no significant effect of Cercoscora leaf spot on the two varieties in 2011 but in Ex-Dakar recorded a significantly (P < 0.05) higher leaf spot incidence compared Borno-Red variety.  Sowing groundnut seeds in 14th June to 29th June recorded significantly higher (P < 0.0) leaf spot disease incidence compared with sowing groundnut seeds in May. Ex-Dakar variety recorded higher leaf defoliation compared with Borno-Red variety in 2012 and 2012 seasons. Results indicated that Borno-Red had a significantly (P < 0. 05) higher 100 seed weight in 2011, while Ex-Dakar recorded higher 100 seed weight in 2012. The results has proved that early sowing of groundnut in May can be employed as alternative strategy for the management of leaf spot disease of groundnut in Makurdi, NigeriaKey word: Groundnut, disease incidence, sowing date, leaf defoliation, leaf spot.
Evaluation of heavy metals in agricultural soils from Katsina state Nigeria
Authors: Yaradua Aliyu Ibrahim , Alhassan Adamu Jibrin , Nasir Abdullahi , Matazu Kabir Ibrahim , Usman Aminu , Idi Aminu , Muhammad Usman Ibrahim , Kanadi Azik Musa
Published: June 2020

This work contributes to the monitoring of Agricultural soil pollution in Katsina State, North western Nigeria by assessing the degree of heavy metal pollution in Agricultural soil samples. The study was conducted in the year 2017 within some catchment areas located within the 3 senatorial zones that constitute to make up the state (Katsina senatorial zone: Birchi, Dutsinma and Katsina; Daura senatorial zone: Daura, Ingawa and Zango; Funtua senatorial zone: Dabai, Funtua, Kafur, Malunfashi and Matazu).  Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. . Several indices were used to assess the metal contamination levels in the Agricultural soil samples, namely; Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cd) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The result of this study has shown that generally among the heavy metals evaluated, the highest concentration was observed for Fe (range: 20.195-38.347 ppm), followed by Zn (range: 0.528-1.134 ppm), Pb (range: 0.256-0.627 ppm), Mn (range: 0.261-0.572 ppm) and Cr (range: 0.093-0.344 ppm). While Cd has the lowest concentration (range: 0.022-0.043 ppm). For all the site sampled the heavy metal Ni was below detection level (BDL). From the results of heavy metals I-geo values, according to Muller’s classification,  soil samples from Birchi, Daura, Dutsinma, Kafur and Zango were unpolluted (class 0) while soil samples from Dabai, Funtua, Ingawa, Katsina, Malunfashi and Matazu are moderately polluted (class 1). The result for the enrichment factor has shown that with the exception of the heavy metal Fe, which shows significant enrichment for all the sites sampled all the other heavy metals show deficiency to minimal enrichment. Also based on the contamination factors for all soil samples the heavy metal Fe has a CF values range of 1.2861-2.3240, indicating that the Agricultural soil samples are moderately contaminated with Fe. In contrast, the rest of the heavy metals exhibit low contamination in general. The value of PLI ranges from 0.2408 to 0.4935, indicating unpolluted to moderate pollution, with the sampling site for Katsina displaying the highest PLI value while the sampling site of Ingawa has the lowest PLI. The Eri values for all samples are all < 40, presenting low ecological risk.  The results suggest that the Agricultural soils samples from Katsina state has low contamination by the heavy metals evaluated.Key words: Agricultural soils, Heavy metals, Katsina state, Pollution load index, Contamination factor.
Public awareness of zoonotic diseases and public health implications in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria.
Authors: Bukie James , Okpotu Veronica , Olapade Peter
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted with the objectives of assessing the level of awareness on zoonotic diseases among residents of Makurdi Metropolis. Questionnaire was structured into 3 sections namely, socio- demographic characteristics of residents, Awareness on domestic animals, and wild animals transmission of zoonotic diseases.  Simple and systematic random sampling was used to select sample locations in which a total of 250 questionnaires were administered; Descriptive statistics, Students t-test and chi-square analysis were used to analyzed data. Field result showed that 144 respondents male were interviewed while 106 respondents were female. Residents of Makurdi Metropolis were quite aware of zoonotic diseases in both domestic and wild animals. The commonest domestic animal zoonotic diseases known to residents were: the Mad Dog disease, Bird Flu and Swain Flu. While the commonest wild animal zoonotic diseases known to residents were: Monkey Pox disease, Ebola disease, and Lassa fever, the awareness of residents on these zoonotic diseases could be associated with the recent outbreak of these diseases and in the area . It was therefore recommended that more awareness campaigns on other types of zoonotic diseases and they preventive measures should be given to residents of Makurdi metropolis to forestall future public health hazards.Keywords: Makurdi metropolis, zoonotic diseases transmission, Awareness, domestic and wild animals.
Sustainability of Guinea Fowl (Numidia meleagris) layers fed varying levels of Centrosema pubescent leaf meal.
Authors: Ahaotu Emmanuel , Amajioyi N , Okorie K C
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of egg size on hatchability of Guinea fowl keets. Three different egg size groups (treatments): small (<39 g); medium (39 - 42 g) and large (>42 g)] were used in the experiment. Each treatment had three replicates of 10 eggs each. A complete randomized design was used for the experiment. Eggs were incubated with their sharp ends pointing downwards at 37.5 - 37.8oC and 60% relative humidity for 28 days. Thereafter, incubation parameters including hatchability (number of eggs that successfully hatched), dead in shells (DIS), clears, pips and keets with deformities evaluated. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) of SAS. Medium sized eggs had significantly (P<0.05) higher hatchability than small eggs. Also, medium sized eggs had lower pips. Egg size did not have effect on DIS, clears and deformities. The results of the present study showed that medium sized eggs (39 - 42 g) hatched best in comparison to both small and large categories. Keywords: Dead in shells, deformities, egg size, guinea fowl, hatchability, incubation
Effects of planting density on the growth and forage yield of two varieties of millet (Pennisetum typhoides Burm. F.) grown in Ekpoma, Nigeria.
Authors: Omoregie Anthony Uhunomwan , Nwajei Sunday Ebonka , Iredia Becky Efebuede
Published: June 2020

A field study was carried out during the 2016 cropping season to determine the effect of planting density on the growth and yield performance of two varieties of millet at Ekpoma. Gero badeggi and Gero bida varieties were sown at three densities (111,111, 222,222 and 333,333 plants ha-1). The experiment was a 2 x 3 factorial scheme laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The result shows that planting density had no significant effect on the growth parameters measured. However, Gero badeggi planted at 111,111 plants ha-1had the tallest plants, highest number of leaves/plant and stem girth while Gero bida planted at 333,333 plants ha-1 gave the shortest plants, least number of leaves/plant and stem girth, respectively. There was no significant difference in flowering trait amongst densities, but the varieties differed markedly in days to 50% flowering. Increasing planting density significantly (P<0.05) increased the forage yield. However, crops sown at higher densities had higher forage yield than the low density. The differences in observed between varieties were significant in some of the studied characters and thus millet sown at 111,111 and 333,333 plants/ha is recommended for millet production in the area.Keywords: Millet, planting density, growth and forage yield.
Irrigation management for Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10 Boro rice for optimum yield and water productivity under normal soil
Authors: Ali Md. Hossain
Published: June 2020

Alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) has been reported to save water compared with continuous flooding (CF) in rice cultivation. However, the reported effects on yield varied greatly with soil type, cultivars, and detailed agrohydrological characterization is often lacking so that generalizations are difficult to make. This study quantified the impact of AWD on rice (Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10) yield, water productivity and irrigation water savings. The irrigation treatments comprised of: Normal farmer’s practice (continuous ponding, 3-5 cm) [T1]; alternate wetting (irrigation by 5 cm) and drying (AWD) for 3 days after disappearance of ponded water (DOPW) [T2]; AWD for 5 days after DOPW [T3]; and a combination [T4].The grain yields varied from 3.9 to 4.4 t ha–1 with no significant difference in yield attributes (except 1000 grain wt.), grain yields and straw yields between AWD and CF. The productivity of water in AWDs was about 6 - 40% higher than that of CF, and the water savings in AWDs compared to CF were 22 – 35%. Alternate wetting and drying for 5 days can save substantial amount of irrigation water without sacrificing yield. This practice can be adopted for cultivating those cultivars for sustainable irrigation management.Keywords:  Boro rice, Water management, Water productivity, Alternate wetting and drying irrigation.
In the Pursuit of Conceptualizing a Sustainable Human Development Index in a Globalized World: An Analysis of the Evidence from Assam and Meghalaya
Authors: Rudra Ayan
Published: June 2020

There is worldwide consensus today that problems relating to the environment have reached immense proportions and that immediate drastic steps should be taken by nations and the authorized global community to arrest the decline of our environment. The World Health Organization estimates that roughly 25 percent of the disease burden in the developing world is due to environmental factors. For this paper Environmental Human Development Index (EHDI) has been measured, which is a modified version of Human Development Index (HDI) in the pursuit of Conceptualizing a Sustainable Human Development Index in a Globalized World by Evidence from Assam and Meghalaya. This study is based on secondary data obtained from multiple sources. These are like- Census 2011, Central Pollution Control Board, India stat, World Bank, etc. The paper concludes with policy implications for the topic at hand. This study tries to search for development situation regarding the environmental condition of two sister states of North East India. After including the ecological parameters and household status, the shape of the development index is changing. Both states are increasing the development index value. But here Meghalaya increased its development value more than the state Assam. This study portrays with increasing environmental pollutants of particular state morbidity, especially cardiac diseases are growing.
Hidden Patterns of Sell for Fresh Agriculture Produce by Farmers near to APMC Ahmedabad
Authors: Shah Neepa Kanaiyalal
Published: June 2020

After delisting of fresh agriculture produce at APMC Ahmedabad, there is no change in farmers’ behavior to sell their produce. They still prefer to sell produce through traders and brokers in regulatory body such as APMC. This paper is about the behavior of farmers to sell produce. This study derives some hidden patterns which are previously unknown. The pattern shows that to whom farmers want to sell produce; when they get success or failure to get market for the produce. It also shows behavioral pattern of farmers for different income groups. A pattern of auction in APMC market and how many farmers are agree with the auction and its beneficence. One of the most important parameter for the fresh agriculture produce is the timeframe within that produce get sold. This paper shows the pattern of who is able to sell produce in required timeframe. At last a study of those farmers who were failed to sell produce within required timeframe and what they do with that unsold produce and alternatives available to them.
Physicochemical comsposition of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed under different storage temperature
Authors: Victoria Ailenokhuoria Bukola , Chukwuma Omena Emmanuel , Orimadegun Isaac Olawale
Published: June 2020

Kenaf is an annual plant grown for its fibre which basically depend on the seed viability, for its maximum growth and production. The seed viability and vigor in turn depend on storage condition. There is insufficient information on physicochemical composition of kenaf seed in relation to seed viability. The present study was performed to know the physicochemical composition of the kenaf seed at different storage temperature in other to improve upon rapid loss of seed viability in kenaf. Four varieties of kenaf seed were obtained from I.A.R. & T seed unit. The seeds were stored at 00C (Unviable seed), 2.20C (Lower temperature), 350C (Ambient temperature), 280C (Cold room temperature which serve as control) for period of 8 months. Seed germination test and weight was performed  before and after the experiment.  Proximate analysis (Crude protein, Moisture, Carbohydrate, Ash, Crude fibre, Crude fat) and Phytochemicals (Total phenolics, Steroid and Total Flavonoids were also determined). The result shows that there is significant difference in all the parameters studied, for all the storage temperatures as compared with the control (280C) among the varieties except from ifeken 100 where the was no significant difference in Crude fibre and Ash  content for seed under ambient temperature as compared with the control. However, the level of tolerance to different storage temperature among the varieties following the order Ifeken 400 >Tianung 2 > Cuba 108>Ifeken 100.Keywords: Kenaf, Storage, Seed germination, Seed weight, Temparature, Seed viability, Proximate, Flavonoid, Phenolics.
Study on Physico- Chemical Parameters and Structural Characterization of Soils in Pudukkottai District of Tamilnadu, India
Authors: A. Dhanalakshmi , Vijayakumari K. Karthikeyani , Surendran U.
Published: June 2020

The soil is the most important constituent to fulfilment of all the basic needs of human beings and also is an important component of our farming. The study was conducted with the main objective to investigate the soil samples of Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu for its physico-chemical analysis and structural characterization. The collected soil samples were analyzed for its pH, EC, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc and Iron. Besides, the sample was characterized by FTIR studies for structural conformation. From the study the results revealed that the collected soil was red soil and its texture was sandy clay loam. The soil pH was 9.29 which was alkaline and the EC was 0.02 dSm-1. The available macro-nutrients as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for paddy field soil samples had 118, 11 and 160 kg/ha respectively. Micronutrients Nutrients also analyzed. FT-IR spectrum of soil was recorded spectrum of soil was shown the C-H deformation vibrations occur at 1402. The C=C Stretching vibrations occur at 1644 and the N-H Stretching vibrations occur at 2344. Management options to improve the soil fertility were discussed.
Propuesta de elaboración de un plan de vigilancia para la Norma Secundaria de Calidad Ambiental para la cuenca del rio Itata, Región del Biobío.
Authors: Pozo Katerine
Published: June 2020

En el  presente trabajo se elaboró una propuesta de plan de vigilancia, para la Norma Secundaria de Calidad Ambiental para la cuenca del río Itata, la cual incorpora a la normativa nacional de recursos hídricos el ámbito ecológico. Utilizando la información disponible en la base de datos de CONAMA Biobío y DGA se realizó un análisis espacial de la red de monitoreo DGA emplazada en la cuenca mediante el software ArcGis 9.2, y el respectivo análisis estadístico mediante ACP. Además de la integración de índices biológicos en la evaluación de calidad de agua, los cuales son; índices bióticos ChIBF y ChSIGNAL dado que han sido aplicados en trabajos realizados a ríos de la cuenca y ríos de las mismas características biogeográficas. Los índices de calidad de bosque de ribera (QBR) y hábitat fluvial (IHF), dado que un buen estado del entorno natural incide de manera decisiva en la calidad ecológica del cauce en términos de calidad de agua y biota asociada. Buscando introducir la bioindicación en la evaluación de calidad de agua, con el fin de proteger y conservar el componente ambiental del recurso hídrico, el cual es el objetivo de la Norma Secundaria de Calidad Ambiental.Palabras claves: Norma secundaria, plan de vigilancia, bioindicacion, calidad de agua.
Effect of Speech Degradation and Listening Effort in Reverberating and Noisy Environments Given N400 Responses
Authors: Kyong Jeong-Sug , Kwak Chanbeom , Han Woojae , Suh Myung-Whan , Kim Jinsook
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives: In distracting listening conditions, individuals need to pay extra attention to selectively listen to the target sounds. To investigate the amount of listening effort required in reverberating and noisy backgrounds, a semantic mismatch was examined.Subjects and Methods: Electroencephalography was performed in 18 voluntary healthy participants using a 64-channel system to obtain N400 latencies. They were asked to listen to sounds and see letters in 2 reverberated×2 noisy paradigms (i.e., Q-0 ms, Q-2000 ms, 3 dB-0 ms, and 3 dB-2000 ms). With auditory-visual pairings, the participants were required to answer whether the auditory primes and letter targets did or did not match. Results: Q-0 ms revealed the shortest N400 latency, whereas the latency was significantly increased at 3 dB-2000 ms. Further, Q-2000 ms showed approximately a 47 ms delayed latency compared to 3 dB-0 ms. Interestingly, the presence of reverberation significantly increased N400 latencies. Under the distracting conditions, both noise and reverberation involved stronger frontal activation. Conclusions: The current distracting listening conditions could interrupt the semantic mismatch processing in the brain. The presence of reverberation, specifically a 2000 ms delay, necessitates additional mental effort, as evidenced in the delayed N400 latency and the involvement of the frontal sources in this study.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Wernicke Encephalopathy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ton Angie Nu , Jethwa Trisha , Stamper Greta C , Yenior Ashley
Published: June 2020

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is seldom associated with Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) or thiamine deficiency. While thiamine deficiency and repletion are often considered prior to dextrose infusions in patients with chronic alcohol abuse to prevent WE, they are often overlooked in non-alcoholic patients who are also at risk for malnutrition. In this paper we describe a case of a non-alcoholic 28-year-old female status post-sleeve gastrectomy who developed SNHL in the setting of thiamine deficiency and WE, with ongoing hearing impairment requiring hearing aids despite thiamine repletion.
Evaluation of Aluminium Phosphide Induced Testicular Toxicity in Wistar Rat: The Role of Allium sativum
Authors: Eric E. U. , Eseimo N. M. , Josiah V. F.
Published: June 2020

Objectives: To investigate the ameliorative effect of garlic extract on Aluminum Phosphide induced toxicity on the testes of adult Wistar rats.

Materials: Thirty (30) male adult Wistar rats weighing 150±20 g – 200±20 g were purchased from Dantom Farms, Swali, Bayelsa State and moved to the animal house of the department of Medical Laboratory Science, Niger Delta University. The animals were assigned into six (6) major groups with five (5) animals in each group after the period of acclimatization:  Animals in Group A (Control): received pelleted growers mash (feed) and water. Group B (Positive Control received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide only. Group C: received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide and 250g of garlic extract. Group D: received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide and 500 mg of garlic extract. Group E: received 500 mg of garlic extract, Group F: received 0.6 ml of oil at the end of the treatment, testes of each sacrificed rat was processed for paraffin sectioning and stained with Harris hematoxylin and eosin.

Results: Photomicrograph of testesfor animals in Groups B, C and D shows scanty spermatid which is as a result of spermatogenic arrest, thin basement membrane, abnormal structure of the spermatids and hypertrophy of the seminiferous tubules with diameter of 6.1 cm and 4.5 cm respectively, while animals in Group A,E,F shows a normal histology of the testis with the following features; circular and oval profile, closely packed and uniformly spaced with lumen containing numerous  spermatids, with the diameter of seminiferous tubules measuring 2.4 cm – 3 cm.

Conclusion: The present study proves that the oral ingestion of Aluminum Phosphide induces hypertrophyin the testes of rats. However it also shows that the use of garlic (Allium sativum) at various concentrations (250 mg/l and 500 mg/l) has a mild ameliorative role on aluminum phosphide-induced testicular toxicity.
Evaluation of Serum Copper and Zinc Concentrations in Relation to Clinical Status among Adult People Living with HIV/AIDS in North-West Ethiopia
Authors: Birhanu Abera Admasu , Semahagn Bezuayehu Kerisew , Simegn Endalkachew Nibret , Eshetie Melaku Adal , Abitew Abayneh Munshea
Published: June 2020

Aims: To evaluate serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentration in relation to clinical status among people living with HIV/AIDS for possible interventions.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study design was used.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted between January and February 2013 in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Methods: Serum concentrations of Cu and Zn from 150 people living with HIV/AIDS were measured using a fully automated flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Besides, world health organization (WHO) clinical staging, CD4+ T-cell count, CD8+ T-cell count, hemoglobin determination, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were performed to evaluate the clinical status of study participants.

Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being serum Zn and Cu deficient was higher where there is no antiretroviral therapy (ART) than on ART (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.56, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.52-8.33, P=0.003 and 5.85, 95% CI=1.22-28.058, P= 0.027respectively).Similarly, the odds of being serum Zn deficient were significantly associated to lower BMI than normal (AOR=2.61, 95% CI=1.02 - 6.67, P= 0.046) and abnormal hemoglobin was found to be a factor to having high serum Cu/Zn ratio than normal hemoglobin (AOR=3.26, 95% CI=1.07 - 9.94, P= 0.038).

Conclusions: A relatively high percentage of subjects had serum Cu and Zn deficiency and high serum Cu/Zn ratio. Early evaluation of serum Cu and Zn deficiency should be carried out and mineral supplementation along with antiretroviral treatment should be provided for pre-ART, malnourished and anemic people living with HIV/AIDS.
Nature and Extent of Problems Faced by Working Women in Rural and Urban Areas: A Sociological Study
Authors: Rani Priyanka , Tyagi Rashmi
Published: June 2020

Though a number of constitutional amendments were made for women’s social, economic and political benefits but still there is no radical change in their situation. The outdated family structure, patriarchal ideology of the home being a women’s ‘real domain’ and marriage being ultimate goal and destiny has not changed much. In India working woman faces so many problems associated with her time allocation while engaging outside in income earning activities. It may be health related or physical, psychological, economical, social and family problems etc. The present study was conducted in Hiasr-II block of Hisar district on 120 women working in government and private sectors with the aim to explore their problems. The results concluded that majority of the respondents were in 31-50 years of age belonged to general caste and nuclear families and were in government jobs. Majority of the respondents were disagreed on the statements that workplace environment was not very pleasant and safe, however majority of rural respondents also reported inappropriate work environment with lack of power-supply and heat/cold facilities.
Mutagenic Effect of Gamma Radiation on Macro Mutation Spectrums, Effectiveness and Efficiency under M3 Generation in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Chaurasia A. K. , Yadav Pramod Kumar
Published: June 2020

Mutation breeding is one of the most reliable techniques in improving crop plants. The study was frequency and spectrum of macro-mutations along with the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of different doses of gamma rays in pea variety (Arkel). The irradiated seeds were sown in the M1, M2 generations in their respective control and harvested in bulk to raise the M3 generation (2013-14) in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Screening of the M3 generation revealed that the mutagenic treatments induced morphological and physiological changes in the variety. A spectrum of mutations which included variants with respect to plant stature, maturity, pod shape, seed colour and seed shape were observed mutagenic effectiveness is measure of the frequency of mutations induced by unit mutagen doses whereas mutagenic efficiency is measure of proportion of mutation in relation to undesirable changes like lethality and sterility etc. The frequency of mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness was found to be highest at lower doses. In mutation breeding where large populations are handled, estimation of mutagenic effect for macro mutation, effectiveness and efficiency may help the breeders in identifying effective treated populations in early generation for reduction in cost of breeding and enhancing scope of selection.