bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-speed boundary-layer transition induced by a discrete roughness element
Authors: Iyer Prahladh S. , Mahesh Krishnan
Published: October 2013

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) is used to study laminar to turbulent transition induced by a discrete hemispherical roughness element in a high-speed laminar boundary layer. The simulations are performed under conditions matching the experiments of Danehy et al. (AIAA Paper 2009–394, 2009) for free-stream Mach numbers of 3.37, 5.26 and 8.23. It is observed that the Mach 8.23 flow remains laminar downstream of the roughness, while the lower Mach numbers undergo transition. The Mach 3.37 flow undergoes transition closer to the bump when compared with Mach 5.26, in agreement with experimental observations. Transition is accompanied by an increase in ${C}_{f} $ and ${C}_{h} $ (Stanton number). Even for the case that did not undergo transition (Mach 8.23), streamwise vortices induced by the roughness cause a significant rise in ${C}_{f} $ until 20$D$ downstream. The mean van Driest transformed velocity and Reynolds stress for Mach 3.37 and 5.26 show good agreement with available data. Temporal spectra of pressure for Mach 3.37 show that frequencies in the range of 10–1000 kHz are dominant. The transition process involves the following key elements: upon interaction with the roughness element, the boundary layer separates to form a series of spanwise vortices upstream of the roughness and a separation shear layer. The system of spanwise vortices wrap around the roughness element in the form of horseshoe/necklace vortices to yield a system of counter-rotating streamwise vortices downstream of the element. These vortices are located beneath the separation shear layer and perturb it, which results in the formation of trains of hairpin-shaped vortices further downstream of the roughness for the cases that undergo transition. These hairpins spread in the span with increasing downstream distance and the flow increasingly resembles a fully developed turbulent boundary layer. A local Reynolds number based on the wall properties is seen to correlate with the onset of transition for the cases considered.
Three-dimensional flow within shallow, narrow cavities
Authors: Crook Sarah D. , Lau Timothy C. W. , Kelso Richard M.
Published: October 2013

The three-dimensional structure of incompressible flow in a narrow, open rectangular cavity in a flat plate was investigated with a focus on the flow topology of the time-averaged flow. The ratio of cavity length (in the direction of the flow) to width to depth was $l{: }w{: }d= 6{: }2{: }1$. Experimental surface pressure data (in air) and particle image velocimetry data (in water) were obtained at low speed with free-stream Reynolds numbers of ${\mathit{Re}}_{l} = 3. 4\times 1{0}^{5} $ in air and ${\mathit{Re}}_{l} = 4. 3\times 1{0}^{4} $ in water. The experimental results show that the three-dimensional cavity flow is of the ‘open’ type, with an overall flow structure that bears some similarity to the structure observed in nominally two-dimensional cavities, but with a high degree of three-dimensionality both in the flow near the walls and in the unsteady behaviour. The defining features of an open-type cavity flow include a shear layer that traverses the entire cavity opening ultimately impinging on the back surface of the cavity, and a large recirculation zone within the cavity itself. Other flow features that have been identified in the current study include two vortices at the back of the cavity, of which one is barely visible, a weak vortex at the front of the cavity, and a pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices along the sides of the cavity near the cavity opening. These vortices are generally symmetric about the cavity centre-plane. However, the discovery of a single tornado vortex, located near the cavity centreline at the front of the cavity, indicated that the flow within the cavity is asymmetric. It is postulated that the observed asymmetry in the time-averaged flow field is due to the asymmetry in the instantaneous flow field, which switches between two extremes at large time scales.
Understanding the elements and outcomes of executive wisdom: A strategic approach
Authors: Kolodinsky Robert W , Bierly Paul E
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this paper is to: (a) offer rationale for the importance of an increasingly important organizational management topic – the wisdom of top managers – what we callexecutive wisdom; (b) develop a theoretical framework for the construct, including core components and outcomes, and (c) provide implications for practice. The research in several related literatures is reviewed and synthesized to provide the foundation for the development of this theoretical framework. Applying the extant literature on wisdom to the specific context of a top-level business manager, we argue that there are four foundational characteristics of executive wisdom: (1) Knowledge, developed by prior learning and experience, (2) moral maturity, (3) reflective strategic decision-making, and (4) ability to manage uncertainty. Executives possessing such characteristics are: (a) able to make enlightened strategic judgments that are (b) implemented as principled actions. The effectiveness of such implementation is contingent upon, among other moderators, the executive's leadership skills. We view each of the characteristics as necessary but not sufficient to possess and benefit from executive wisdom. The principled actions undertaken by those possessing executive wisdom will, when compared to other executives, have a greater likelihood of leading to valued outcomes indicative of organizational effectiveness, including enhanced stakeholder trust and loyalty, reputational capital, and stronger financial and social performance. We believe that the main arguments developed in this paper will help improve managers’ understanding of how to become a wise executive and to realize the benefits of doing so. From a theory perspective, this paper adds to the growing body of literature in a new and increasingly valued area of research.
Pragmatic leadership: A return to wisdom
Authors: Ruwhiu Diane , Cone Malcolm
Published: October 2013

Te Ao Māori, or the Māori world, locates Māori philosophy, ethics and knowledge (wisdom) in a central role, and is therefore foundational to Māori thinking and practice. In this article, we present an example of pragmatic leadership, using the epistemological and ontological space of kaupapa Māori, a perspective that represents practice guided by the wisdom of Te Ao Māori. To do so, we draw from narrative shared by 22 Māori practitioners involved in leadership roles in a wide range of organisations to illustrate key features of Māori leadership practice. We argue that this approach offers a unique contribution and deeper understanding to the contemporary and instrumental representation of pragmatic leadership. Such a perspective allows researchers to explore leadership practices, particularly those that may be heavily influenced by culturally specific behaviours. In regards to practitioners, it provides foundation for innovative leadership practices grounded on giving weight to more deeply contextualised processes and relations. The consequences are widespread not only for researchers and practitioners of leadership, but also for a perception of indigenous leadership that is true to the indigenous logics in which they are grounded and reflective of good practice.
IDADA: The individual difference approach to assessing and developing diversity awareness
Authors: Härtel Charmine E J , Härtel Günter F , Trumble Rick B
Published: October 2013

This paper outlines a new approach to cultural awareness training, the Individual Differences Approach to Diversity Awareness (IDADA). IDADA is distinguished from other approaches in three ways: (a) it eliminates the need to characterise cultures, (b) it addresses unfair discrimination of any kind (e.g., weight, height, attractiveness), (c) it teaches employees to become aware of how their attitudes affect organisational performance, and (d) it focuses on job requirements. Initial evidence supports the validity of the model. The paper also introduces a new measure of diversity-openness called the Ideal Employee Inventory. Preliminary reliability and validity evidence for the measure is provided.
Detecting and responding constructively to transference in the workplace
Authors: Bernstein Seth David
Published: October 2013

Both managers and the staff they supervise bring unconscious and unresolved personal issues into their relationships in the workplace. This phenomenon is called ‘transference’. Transference generally interferes with the positive working relationships that are essential to achieving organizational objectives. This article provides a conceptual framework for differentiating transference from other complex emotional interactions that can occur in the workplace as well as a set of clear action steps for how the manager can respond to transference constructively. Examples of both staff and manager transference are presented to illustrate how managers can detect and then respond effectively to transference. It is noted that managers are not psychotherapists; knowledge about transference should therefore be used with caution. It is a manager's job is to help staff to succeed with their work, not to help them resolve personal problems.
Gender differences and behavioral integrity: From a social contract perspective
Authors: Huang Heh Jason , Hung Yishuo
Published: October 2013

Behavioral integrity refers to the consistency of an individual's words and actions. This consistency facilitates trust. Nevertheless, an individual's behavioral integrity often changes, to various extents, with one's surroundings. This study employs social contracts and scenarios to examine the underlying behavioral assumptions made by a specific gender within definite contexts in Taiwan. This study demonstrates that gender differences exist in behavioral integrity with contextual variations. Males under conformity pressures in public possess higher behavioral integrity, but exhibit lower behavioral integrity in private under pressure to protect themselves. This knowledge helps improve understanding within organizations as well as workplace communication between genders.
Attachment and Emotion Transmission Within Romantic Relationships: Merging Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Perspectives
Authors: Randall Ashley K. , Butler Emily A.
Published: October 2013

The attachment system is responsible for emotional-motivational bonding with others and is associated with individual emotion regulation strategies (avoidance-disengagement; anxiety-hypervigilance); however, little is known how these individual differences in emotion regulation strategies influence partners’ interpersonal emotional experiences. Prior research examining the link between individual differences in attachment avoidance and anxiety and emotional connectedness in couples has interestingly shown counter-intuitive effects of individual attachment styles on couples’ shared emotions, such that attachment anxiety was associated with the lowest levels of emotional synchrony (Butner, Diamond, & Hicks, 2007). These results beg for additional research on whether and how individual differences in attachment styles moderate the transmission of emotion between partners. Using daily diaries and second-by-second measures of emotional experience from 30 couples, it was hypothesised that couples high in attachment avoidance (disengagement) would show lower levels, whereas couples high in attachment anxiety (hypervigilance) would show higher levels of emotion transmission. Results were counter to our predictions; attachment avoidance increased — and attachment anxiety decreased — emotion transmission between partners. Findings suggest attachment dynamics may not have the same effect on couples’ joint emotional functioning in a dyadic context as they do on individuals’ emotional functioning.
Anti-mouse CD52 monoclonal antibody ameliorates iron-deficient anaemia in IL-10 knockout mice
Authors: Wang Honggang , Dong Jianning , Zuo Lugen , Liu Jianhui , Zhu Weiming , Li Yi , Gu Lili , Zhao Jie , Zhang Liang , Gong Jianfeng , Zhang Wei , Li Ning , Li Jieshou
Published: October 2013

Approximately 50 % of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer from anaemia, with Fe deficiency being the most common cause. CD52 monoclonal antibody (mAb) targets the cell surface CD52 and is effective in depleting lymphocytes through cytolytic effects in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of anti-mouse CD52 mAb on Fe-deficient anaemia in IBD. IL-10 knockout mice (IL-10− / −) of 12 weeks with established colitis were treated with anti-mouse CD52 mAb once per week for 2 weeks. Severity of colitis, blood T lymphocytes, blood Hb, haematocrit, plasma erythropoietin (EPO), serum Fe concentration, transferrin saturation, splenic Fe stores, expression of liver hepcidin mRNA, Western blotting of the phosphorylated form of Smad1/5/8 and total Smad1 were measured at the end of the experiment. IL-10− / − mice treated with CD52 mAb showed a reduction in the percentage of CD4+ and CD4+CD45+ T cells in blood and weight loss typically associated with colonic inflammation, serum levels of EPO, the expression of liver hepcidin mRNA and total Smad1 protein, while they showed an increase in Hb concentrations, haematocrit, levels of serum Fe, transferrin saturation and splenic Fe stores. The present results indicated that anti-CD52 therapy may ameliorate Fe-deficient anaemia by reducing colonic inflammation. These findings may open novel horizons in the treatment of patients with IBD by resetting of immunological homeostasis in the gut by depleting the activated T cells in the gut mucosa.
James D. Mooney and General Motors' Multinational Operations, 1922–1940
Authors: Wren Daniel A.
Published: October 2013

This article traces the emergence of the General Motors Corporation as a multinational enterprise under the leadership of James D. Mooney from 1922 to the outbreak of World War II. Mooney's unpublished paper “The Science of Industrial Organization” (1929) portrays GM's multidivisional organization's use of the line-staff concept in organizing overseas assembly plants. Here I compare General Motors with Ford Motor Company, which had first-mover advantages overseas, and examine how each company organized and managed their international operations. “Linking pins,” a social-science concept, illustrates how GM's organizational hierarchy achieved vertical coordination of effort. Economic depression and the prelude to World War II followed the expansionary 1920s, requiring GM and Ford to adjust to a changing environment. The article also covers Mooney's naïve attempts to use business for diplomacy in the years leading up to the war.
Symbolic power in European diplomacy: the struggle between national foreign services and the EU's External Action Service
Authors: Adler-Nissen Rebecca
Published: October 2013

National diplomacy is challenged by the rise of non-state actors from transnational companies to non-governmental organisations. In trying to explain these challenges, scholars tend to either focus on a specific new actor or argue that states will remain the dominant diplomatic players. This article develops an alternative Bourdieu-inspired framework addressing symbolic power. It conceptualises diplomacy in terms of a social field with agents (field incumbents and newcomers alike) who co-construct and reproduce the field by struggling for dominant positions. The framework is applied to the EU's new diplomatic service (the European External Action Service, EEAS), which is one of the most important foreign policy inventions in Europe to date. I show that the EEAS does not challenge national diplomacy in a material sense – but at a symbolic level. The EEAS questions the state's meta-capital, that is, its monopoly of symbolic power and this explains the counter-strategies adopted by national foreign services. The struggles to define the ‘genuine’ diplomat reveal a rupture in the European diplomatic field, pointing towards a transformation of European statehood and the emergence of a hybrid form of diplomacy. A focus on symbolic power opens up new avenues for the study of transformations of authority in world politics.
The ‘re-turn’ to empire in IR: colonial knowledge communities and the construction of the idea of the Afghan polity, 1809–38
Authors: BAYLY MARTIN J.
Published: October 2013

This article seeks to add to the exploration and development of Imperial History's contribution to the discipline of International Relations (IR). Focusing on British perceptions of Afghanistan in the period preceding the first Anglo-Afghan war the article considers colonial knowledge as a source of identity construction, but in a manner that avoids deploying anachronistic concepts, in this case that of the Afghan ‘state’. This approach, which draws on the insights brought to IR by historical sociology, shows that engaging with Imperial History within IR can encourage a more reflexive attitude to core disciplinary categories. This not only reveals alternative approaches to the construction of specific political communities but it also allows for a more historicist mode in the use of history by IR as a discipline. Furthermore, by moving away from material based purely on diplomatic history, Afghanistan's imperial encounter can be recovered from the dominance of ‘Great Game’ narratives, offering an account that is more appreciative of the Afghanistan context.
Emotional (security) communities: the significance of emotion norms in inter-allied conflict management
Authors: KOSCHUT SIMON
Published: October 2013

What doAl-Qaeda, Human Rights Watch, and NATO have in common? They can all be understood as emotional communities. Emotional communities are ‘groups in which people adhere to the same norms of emotional expression and value – or devalue – the same or related emotions’. This article develops a conceptual framework for a particular type of emotional community in world politics: a security community. It is argued that emotion norms – the expression of appropriate emotions in a given situation – stabilise a security community during inter-allied conflict. The argument is illustrated by an empirical case study of NATO's military intervention in Libya in 2011. The article shows how the conceptualisation of security communities as emotional communities has significant implications for the study of regional peace and security.
Domestic legitimacy politics and varieties of regionalism in East Asia
Authors: CHO IL HYUN , PARK SEO-HYUN
Published: October 2013

What drives East Asian regionalism? The rise of China and the perceived decline in the influence of the United States have sparked debates about the future of the regional order, including the yet-unresolved question of whose leadership is likely to be more stable and accepted as legitimate by other regional actors. What is puzzling, however, is that persistent demands for the formation of a coherent and uniquely East Asian regional institution have come not from China or the US, as is the focus of existing studies, but rather Japan and South Korea. In this article, we propose an alternative framework that conceptualises the varieties of East Asian regionalism, emphasising the multiple pivots and variegated levels of politics involved in efforts toward regional cooperation. We find that competing proposals for East Asian regionalism since the 1990s are not determined by structural pressures or the convergence of interests but rather result from domestic legitimacy politics. Japanese and Korean leaders have, at different time periods, proposed their own alternative region-making initiatives appealing to domestically contested views on how best to seek autonomy from the region's Great Powers as a way to enhance their political standing domestically and regionally.
Crystal Data for Two Molybdates MIV (MoO4)2 With MIV = Zr, Hf
Authors: Auray M. , Quarton M. , Tarte P.
Published: October 2013

Two molybdates MIV (MoO4)2 (with MIV = Hf or Zr) were synthesized by solid state reaction between MIVO2 and MoO3. Zirconium molybdate undergoes a reversible phase transition at 952 K.

Hf(MoO4)2 and H.T. Zr(MoQ4)2, obtained as single crystals, are trigonal, space group with Z = 6; the cell dimensions are respectively a = 10.1005(3), c = 11.7230(5)Å; V = 1035.76(11)Å3; Dm(298 K) = 4.78(4), Dx = 4.792 Mg m−3 and a = 10.1409(3), c = 11.7097(5)Å; V = 1042.88(11)Å3; Dm (298 K) = 3.91(4), Dx = 3.926 Mg m−3.

L.T. Zr(MoO4)2, indexed by the Visser automatic indexing program (1969) was found to be monoclinic, possible space group P2, P21 or Pm with Z = 4; the cell dimensions are a = 9.7557(5), b = 7.9373(5), c = 7.4631(4)Å, β = 97.959°(5); V = 572.3(5)Å Dm(298 K) = 4.74(5), Dx = 4.770 Mg m−3. Powder diffraction data were obtained at 293 K on a counter diffractometer with Ni-filtered copper radiation ( = 1.5418 Å).
Crystal structure of a birefringent andradite–grossular from Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Antao Sytle M. , Klincker Allison M.
Published: October 2013

The structure of a birefringent andradite–grossular sample was refined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCD) and synchrotron high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction (HRPXRD) data. Electron-microprobe results indicate a homogeneous composition of {Ca2.88Mn2+0.06Mg0.04Fe2+0.03}Σ3[Fe3+1.29Al0.49Ti4+0.17Fe2+0.06]Σ2(Si2.89Al0.11)Σ3O12. The Rietveld refinement reducedχ2 = 1.384 and overallR(F2) = 0.0315. The HRPXRD data show that the sample contains three phases. For phase-1, the weight %, unit-cell parameter (Å), distances (Å), and site occupancy factor (sof) are 62.85(7)%,a = 12.000 06(2), average  = 2.4196, Fe–O = 1.9882(5), Si–O = 1.6542(6) Å, Ca(sof) = 0.970(2), Fe(sof) = 0.763(1), and Si(sof) = 0.954(2). The corresponding data for phase-2 are 19.14(9)%,a = 12.049 51(2), average  = 2.427, Fe–O = 1.999(1), Si–O = 1.665(1) Å, Ca(sof) = 0.928(4), Fe(sof) = 0.825(3), and Si(sof) = 0.964(4). The corresponding data for phase-3 are 18.01(9)%,a = 12.019 68(3), average  = 2.424, Fe–O = 1.992(2), Si–O = 1.658(2) Å, Ca(sof) = 0.896(5), Fe(sof) = 0.754(4), and Si(sof) = 0.936(5). The fine-scale coexistence of the three phases causes strain that arises from the unit-cell and bond distances differences, and gives rise to strain-induced birefringence. The results from the SCD are similar to the dominant phase-1 obtained by the HRPXRD, but the SCD misses the minor phases.
Population Psychiatric Medication Prescription Rates following a Terrorist Attack
Authors: DiMaggio Charles , Galea Sandro , Madrid Paula A.
Published: October 2013

Introduction:

While several population-based studies have documented behavioral health disturbances following terrorist attacks, a number of mental health service utilization analyses present conflicting conclusions.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine if mental health service utilization increased following a terrorist attack by assessing changes in psychoactive drug prescription rates.

Methods:

The rate of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) prescriptions was measured among New York State Medicaid enrollees before and after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. The association between geographic proximity to the events and changes in the rate of SSRI prescriptions around 11 September 2001 was assessed.

Results:

From September to December 2001, among individuals residing within three miles of the World Trade Center site, there was an 18.2% increase in the SSRI prescription rate compared to the previous eight-month period (p= 0.0011). While there was a 9.3% increase for non-New York City residents, this change was not statistically significant (p= 0.74).

Conclusions:

There was a quantifiable increase in the dispensing of psychoactive drugs following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, and this effect varied by geographic proximity to the events. These findings build on the growing body of knowledge on the pervasive effects of disasters and terrorist events for population health, and demonstrate the need to include mental and behavioral health as key components of surge capacity and public health response to mass traumas.
Evaluation of Medical Command and Control Using Performance Indicators in a Full-Scale, Major Aircraft Accident Exercise
Authors: Gryth Dan , Rådestad Monica , Nilsson Heléne , Nerf Ola , Svensson Leif , Castrén Maaret , Rüter Anders
Published: October 2013

Introdution:

Large, functional, disaster exercises are expensive to plan and execute, and often are difficult to evaluate objectively. Command and control in disaster medicine organizations can benefit from objective results from disaster exercises to identify areas that must be improved.

Objective:

The objective of this pilot study was to examine if it is possible to use performance indicators for documentation and evaluation of medical command and control in a full-scale major incident exercise at two levels: (1) local level (scene of the incident and hospital); and (2) strategic level of command and control. Staff procedure skills also were evaluated.

Methods:

Trained observers were placed in each of the three command and control locations. These observers recorded and scored the performance of command and control using templates of performance indicators. The observers scored the level of performance by awarding 2, 1, or 0 points according to the template and evaluated content and timing of decisions. Results from 11 performance indicators were recorded at each template and scores >11 were considered as acceptable.

Results:

Prehospital command and control had the lowest score. This also was expressed by problems at the scene of the incident. The scores in management and staff skills were at the strategic level 15 and 17, respectively; and at the hospital level, 17 and 21, respectively.

Conclusions:

It is possible to use performance indicators in a full-scale, major incident exercise for evaluation of medical command and control. The results could be used to compare similar exercises and evaluate real incidents in the future.
Paramedic Intercepts with Basic Life Support Ambulance Services in Rural Minnesota
Authors: Myers Lucas A. , Russi Christopher S. , Schultz Jeffery L.
Published: October 2013

Introduction:

In rural Minnesota, it is common for paramedics providing advanced life support (ALS) to rendezvous with ambulances providing only basic life support (BLS). These “intercepts” presumably allow for a higher level of care when patients have certain problems or need ALS interventions. The aim of this study was to review and understand the frequency of para-medic intercepts with regard to the actual care rendered and transport urgency (lights and sirens vs. none).

Methods:

All paramedic intercepts occurring between January 2003 and December 2007 for one multi-site emergency medical services (EMS) provider were reviewed for ALS interventions and treatments provided. In addition, the urgency of responses to the dispatch call or “intercept” and transport to a receiving facility were analyzed.

Results:

During the study period, 1,675 paramedic intercepts occurred and were reviewed. The ALS ambulances responded to the dispatch emergently (lights and sirens) in 97.5% of intercepts (1,633), but emergently transported only 24.2% of the patients (405). Paramedics performed no interventions above BLS levels in 11.6% (194) of the cases. Of the remaining 1,481 patients who received ALS interventions, 955 (64.4%) received no treatment or diagnostic testing other than electrocardiographic monitoring, intravenous access, or both.

Conclusions:

A significant discrepancy between emergent responses and actual ALS care rendered during intercept calls was demonstrated. Given the significant rate of EMS worker fatalities and transferable patient care costs, further study is needed to determine whether costs and safety are potentially improved by decreasing emergent responses. Future directions include developing or emulating Medical Priority Dispatch System triage protocols for advanced services providing intercepts. In addition, further study of patient outcomes between intercept and non-intercept cases is necessary.
Can Undergraduate Paramedic and Nursing Students Accurately Estimate Patient Age and Weight?
Authors: Williams Brett , Boyle Malcolm , O'Meara Peter
Published: October 2013

Introduction:

Accurate estimation of a patient's age and weight are skills expected of all healthcare clinicians, including paramedics and nurses. It is necessary because patients may be unable to communicate such information due to unconsciousness or an altered state of conscious. Age and weight estimation influence calculation for medication dosages, defibrillation, equipment sizing, and other invasive procedures such as intubation. The objective of this study was to identify whether undergraduate paramedic and nursing students were able to accurately estimate a patient's age and weight based on digital patient photos.

Methods:

A prospective, observational study involving undergraduate paramedic and nursing students from two Australian universities was used to estimate the age and weight of seven patients (adult and pediatric). Each patient image appeared in a PowerPointTMpresentation for 15 seconds, followed by a short pause, with the next patient image commencing automatically.

Results:

The findings demonstrated variable accuracy in age and weight estimation of the patients. Age estimations of pediatric patients were more accurate than estimations for adult patients. The majority of patient weights were under-estimated, with university undergraduate students in one university displaying similar estimations to the other university counterparts.

Conclusions:

Results from this study identified variations in students' ability to accurately estimate a patient's age and weight. This study shows that consideration should be given to age and weight estimation education, which could be incorporated into undergraduate healthcare curriculum.
Mass-Gathering Medical Care: Retrospective Analysis of Patient Presentations over Five Years at a Multi-Day Mass Gathering
Authors: Grant William D. , Nacca Nicholas E. , Prince Louise A. , Scott Jay M.
Published: October 2013

Introduction:

There is a scarcity of analytical data regarding mass-gathering medical care. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the range and nature of illness and injury for patrons of an annual, multi-day, mass gathering.

Methods:

Encounter data from all patients seen by emergency physicians at the New York State Fair Infirmary during the past five years were analyzed. From these data, a category list was consolidated to 36 reasons for the visit based on chief complaint, nursing notes, and physician notes. The most common reasons for being seen by a physician were analyzed to determine age and gender discrepancies.

Results:

The average number of attendees at the Fair per year from 2004–2008 was 950,973. Emergency physicians evaluated a total of 2,075 patients from 2004–2008. The average patient presentation rate over the past four years (2005–2008) was 4.8 ±1.1/10,000 patrons. The average transport to hospital rate over the past four years was 2.7 ±1.1/100,000 patrons. The average age of all patients seen was 34.4 ±21.6 years, and 58.1% of the patients were female. The most common reasons to seek medical attention included: dehydration/heat-related illness (11.4%); abrasion/laceration (10.6%); and fall-related injury (10.2%). Two groups, dehydration/heat-related illness 74% (t (4) = 2.90, p <0.05), and fall-related injury (68%; t (4) = 5.17, p <0.05) were disproportionately female. There also was a direct relationship between age and female gender within the fall-related injury category (χ2 (1, n = 213) = 11.41, p <0.05).

Conclusions:

Patron data from fairs and expositions is a valuable resource for studying mass-gathering medical care. A majority (58%) of patients seen at the infirmary were female. The most common reason for being seen was dehydration/ heat-related illness, which heavily favored females, but favored no age groups. The abrasion/laceration category did not contribute to the gender discrepancy. Patients who fell tended to be females >40 years of age. Further analysis is required to determine the reason for the gender discrepancies. Planners of multi-day mass gatherings should develop public education programs and evaluate their impact on the at-risk populations identified by this analysis.
Attomolar DNA detection with chiral nanorod assemblies
Authors: Ma Wei , Kuang Hua , Xu Liguang , Ding Li , Xu Chuanlai , Wang Libing , Kotov Nicholas A.
Published: October 2013

Nanoscale plasmonic assemblies display exceptionally strong chiral optical activity. So far, their structural design was primarily driven by challenges related to metamaterials whose practical applications are remote. Here we demonstrate that gold nanorods assembled by the polymerase chain reaction into DNA-bridged chiral systems have promising analytical applications. The chiroplasmonic activity of side-by-side assembled patterns is attributed to a 7–9 degree twist between the nanorod axes. This results in a strong polarization rotation that matches theoretical expectations. The amplitude of the bisignate ‘wave’ in the circular dichroism spectra of side-by-side assemblies demonstrates excellent linearity with the amount of target DNA. The limit of detection for DNA using side-by-side assemblies is as low as 3.7 aM. This chiroplasmonic method may be particularly useful for biological analytes larger than 2–5 nm which are difficult to detect by methods based on plasmon coupling and ‘hot spots’. Circular polarization increases for inter-nanorod gaps between 2 and 20 nm when plasmonic coupling rapidly decreases. Reaching the attomolar limit of detection for simple and reliable bioanalysis of oligonucleotides may have a crucial role in DNA biomarker detection for early diagnostics of different diseases, forensics and environmental monitoring.
Adaptation of novel H7N9 influenza A virus to human receptors
Authors: Dortmans J. C. F. M. , Dekkers J. , Wickramasinghe I. N. Ambepitiya , Verheije M. H. , Rottier P. J. M. , van Kuppeveld F. J. M. , de Vries E. , de Haan C. A. M.
Published: October 2013

The emergence of the novel H7N9 influenza A virus (IAV) has caused global concerns about the ability of this virus to spread between humans. Analysis of the receptor-binding properties of this virus using a recombinant protein approach in combination with fetuin-binding, glycan array and human tissue-binding assays demonstrates increased binding of H7 to both α2-6 and α2-8 sialosides as well as reduced binding to α2-3-linked SIAs compared to a closely related avian H7N9 virus from 2008. These differences could be attributed to substitutions Q226L and G186V. Analysis of the enzymatic activity of the neuraminidase N9 protein indicated a reduced sialidase activity, consistent with the reduced binding of H7 to α2-3 sialosides. However, the novel H7N9 virus still preferred binding to α2-3- over α2-6-linked SIAs and was not able to efficiently bind to epithelial cells of human trachea in contrast to seasonal IAV, consistent with its limited human-to-human transmission.
Expanding the scaffold for bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitors: design, synthesis and structure–activity relationships of ureido-heterocyclic-carboxylic acids
Authors: Elgaher Walid A. M. , Fruth Martina , Groh Matthias , Haupenthal Jörg , Hartmann Rolf W.
Published: October 2013

A series of novel RNA polymerase (RNAP) inhibitors with antibacterial activity was designed and synthesized.
Signal-peptide-mediated translocation is regulated by a p97–AIRAPL complex
Authors: Glinka Tal , Alter Joel , Braunstein Ilana , Tzach Lolita , Wei Sheng Chia , Geifman Susana , Edelmann Mariola J. , Kessler Benedikt M. , Stanhill Ariel
Published: October 2013

Protein homoeostasis is a fundamental requirement for all living cells in order to survive in a dynamic surrounding. Proper levels of AIRAPL (arsenite-inducible RNA-associated protein-like protein) (ZFAND2B) are required in order to maintain cellular folding capacity in metazoans, and functional impairment of AIRAPL results in acceleration of aging and protein aggregation. However, the cellular roles of AIRAPL in this process are not known. In the present paper, we report that AIRAPL binds and forms a complex with p97 [VCP (valosin-containing protein)/Cdc48], Ubxd8 (ubiquitin regulatory X domain 8), Npl4–Ufd1, Derlin-1 and Bag6 on the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) membrane. In spite of the fact that AIRAPL complex partners are involved in the ERAD (ER-associated degradation) process, AIRAPL knockdown does not show any impairment in ERAD substrate degradation. However, translocation into the ER of a subset of ERAD- and non-ERAD-secreted proteins are regulated by AIRAPL. The ability to regulate translocation by the p97–AIRAPL complex is entirely dependent on the proteins’ signal peptide. Our results demonstrate a p97 complex regulating translocation into the ER in a signal-peptide-dependent manner.
About the reason of electric polarization flop in TbMnO3
Authors: Chupis I. E. , Kovtun H. A.
Published: October 2013

The phenomenological analysis of incommensurate magnetic states in multiferroic TbMnO3 in magnetic field along the modulation wave vector is provided. The incommensurate state of manganese spins after the polarization flop (reorientation of electric polarization by 90°) is assumed. The key role of magnetic anisotropic energy of the fourth order in polarization flop and existence of tricritical point on the phase diagram is shown. The competition between different terms of the fourth order of anisotropic energy is a reason of the reorientation of spin cycloid plane, leading to polarization flop. Calculated phase diagram is in a good agreement with the experimental data.
Compact, single-tube scanning tunneling microscope with thermoelectric cooling
Authors: Jobbins Matthew M. , Agostino Christopher J. , Michel Jolai D. , Gans Ashley R. , Kandel S. Alex
Published: October 2013

We have designed and built a scanning tunneling microscope with a compact inertial-approach mechanism that fits inside the piezoelectric scanner tube. Rigid construction allows the microscope to be operated without the use of external vibration isolators or acoustic enclosures. Thermoelectric cooling and a water-ice bath are used to increase temperature stability when scanning under ambient conditions.
A parallel tempering based study of Coulombic explosion and identification of dissociating fragments in charged noble gas clusters
Authors: Talukder Srijeeta , Sen Shrabani , Neogi Soumya Ganguly , Chaudhury Pinaki
Published: October 2013

In this communication, we would like to test the feasibility of a parallel tempering based study of dissociation in dicationic noble gas clusters, namely, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\text{Ar}_n^{2+}$\end{document}Arn2+, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\text{Kr}_n^{2+}$\end{document}Krn2+, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\text{Xe}_n^{2+}$\end{document}Xen2+, where “n” is the size of the cluster units. We would like to find out the correct limit for sizes of each of these systems, above which the clusters stay intact as a single unit and does not dissociate into fragments by the process of Coulomb explosion. Moreover, we would also like to, for a specific case, i.e., \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\text{Ar}_n^{2+}$\end{document}Arn2+, study in detail the fragmentation patterns and point out the switchover from the non-fission way to the fission mechanism of dissociation. In all these calculations, we would like to analyse, how close we are in our predictions with that of experimental results. As a further check on the dissociating patterns found out by parallel tempering, we also conduct basin hopping based study on representative sizes of the clusters and find that parallel tempering, as used for this present work as an optimizer, is able to predict correct features when compared with other celebrated methods like the basin hopping algorithm.
Response functions of imaging plates to photons, electrons and 4He particles
Authors: Bonnet T. , Comet M. , Denis-Petit D. , Gobet F. , Hannachi F. , Tarisien M. , Versteegen M. , Aléonard M. M.
Published: October 2013

Imaging plates from Fuji (BAS-SR, MS, and TR types) are phosphor films routinely used in ultra high intensity laser experiments. However, few data are available on the absolute IP response functions to ionizing particles. We have previously measured and modeled the IP response functions to protons. We focus here on the determination of the responses to photons, electrons, and 4He particles. The response functions are obtained on an energy range going from a few tens of keV to a few tens of MeV and are compared to available data. The IP sensitivities to the different ionizing particles demonstrate a quenching effect depending on the particle stopping power.
Multiple solutions in the theory of direct current glow discharges: Effect of plasma chemistry and nonlocality, different plasma-producing gases, and 3D modelling
Authors: Almeida P. G. C. , Benilov M. S.
Published: October 2013

The work is aimed at advancing the multiple steady-state solutions that have been found recently in the theory of direct current (DC) glow discharges. It is shown that an account of detailed plasma chemistry and non-locality of electron transport and kinetic coefficients results in an increase of the number of multiple solutions but does not change their pattern. Multiple solutions are shown to exist for discharges in argon and helium provided that discharge pressure is high enough. This result indicates that self-organization in DC glow microdischarges can be observed not only in xenon, which has been the case until recently, but also in other plasma-producing gases; a conclusion that has been confirmed by recent experiments. Existence of secondary bifurcations can explain why patterns of spots grouped in concentric rings, observed in the experiment, possess in many cases higher number of spots in outer rings than in inner ones.
Parametric hierarchical matrix approach for the wideband optical response of large-scale molecular aggregates
Authors: Ansari-Oghol-Beig Davood , Rostami Masoud , Chernobrovkina Ekaterina , Saikin Semion K. , Valleau Stéphanie , Mosallaei Hossein , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: October 2013

Fast and efficient calculations of optical responses using electromagnetic models require computational acceleration and compression techniques. A hierarchical matrix approach is adopted for this purpose. In order to model large-scale molecular structures, these methods should be applied over wide frequency spectra. Here, we introduce a novel parametric hierarchical matrix method that allows one for a rapid construction of a wideband system representation and enables an efficient wideband solution. We apply the developed method to the modeling of the optical response of bacteriochlorophyll tubular aggregates as found in green photosynthetic bacteria. We show that the parametric method can provide one with the frequency and time-domain solutions for structures of the size of 100 000 molecules, which is comparable to the size of the whole antenna complex in a bacterium. The absorption spectrum is calculated and the significance of electrodynamic retardation effects for relatively large structures, i.e., with respect to the wavelength of light, is briefly studied.
A diabatic parameterization of the twofold ground state potential energy surface of the H2O-OH molecular complex
Authors: Galbis E. , Giglio E. , Gervais B.
Published: October 2013

We present a matrix functional form to fit the nearly degenerated potential energy surface of the H2O-OH molecular complex. The functional form is based on second order perturbation theory, which allows us to define two diabatic states coupled together in the field of the surrounding water molecules. The fit reproduces faithfully the fine details of the potential energy surface (PES) like the crossings and the shallow barrier between the main and secondary minima. The explicit dependence of the model on polarization ensures its transferability to systems made of several water molecules. The potential is used to investigate the structural properties of the OH radical in solution by Monte Carlo simulation. The twin surface fit shows that the second PES is shifted above the ground state by typically 1600 cm−1 for the configurations explored at a temperature of 300 K and a density of 1.0 g/cm3. The second PES has thus little influence on the structuring of water around the OH radical at such a temperature and density. Our study confirms that under these thermodynamic conditions, OH is a weak hydrogen acceptor.
Development of a negative ion-based neutral beam injector in Novosibirsk
Authors: Ivanov A. A. , Abdrashitov G. F. , Anashin V. V. , Belchenko Yu. I. , Burdakov A. V. , Davydenko V. I. , Deichuli P. P. , Dimov G. I. , Dranichnikov A. N. , Kapitonov V. A. , Kolmogorov V. V. , Kondakov A. A. , Sanin A. L. , Shikhovtsev I. V. , Stupishin N. V. , Sorokin A. V. , Popov S. S. , Tiunov M. A. , Belov V. P. , Gorbovsky A. I. , Kobets V. V. , Binderbauer M. , Putvinski S. , Smirnov A. , Sevier L.
Published: October 2013

A 1000 keV, 5 MW, 1000 s neutral beam injector based on negative ions is being developed in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk in collaboration with Tri Alpha Energy, Inc. The innovative design of the injector features the spatially separated ion source and an electrostatic accelerator. Plasma or photon neutralizer and energy recuperation of the remaining ion species is employed in the injector to provide an overall energy efficiency of the system as high as 80%. A test stand for the beam acceleration is now under construction. A prototype of the negative ion beam source has been fabricated and installed at the test stand. The prototype ion source is designed to produce 120 keV, 1.5 A beam.
Fe-B-Nd-Nb metallic glass thin films for microelectromechanical systems
Authors: Phan T. A. , Oguchi H. , Hara M. , Shikida M. , Hida H. , Ando T. , Sato K. , Kuwano H.
Published: October 2013

In the present study, we investigate the mechanical properties, residual stress, and microprocessing compatibility of Fe67.5B22.5Nd6.3Nb3.7 metallic glass thin films (Fe-MGTFs). The mechanical properties are measured using a specially designed microtensile tester. The fracture toughness of the Fe-MGTF (6.36 MPa × m1/2) is more than twice that of Si, and the highest among the thin films developed for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to this point. In addition, the fabrication of freestanding microcantilevers illustrates the low residual stress and high microprocessing compatibility of Fe-MGTFs. The present study verifies the great potential of Fe-MGTFs for use in MEMS.