bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of aminomethoxy 1-(benzylsulfanyl)octane-2-ol derivatives
Authors: Mammadbayli E. H , Jafarov I. A , Astanova A. D , Shakhmammadova A. G , Habibova A. G
Published: April 2024

A previously unknown sulfur-containing alcohol, 1-(benzylsulfanyl)octane-2-ol, was synthesized in 65% yield. Further, on the basis of the obtained alcohol, formaldehyde, and aliphatic (diethyl-, dibutyl-, dipropyl-, dipentyl-, dihexylamine) or heterocyclic (piperidine, morpholine, hexamethyleneimine) amines, new representatives of 2-aminomethoxy derivatives of 1-(benzylsulfanyl)octane-2-ol were obtained by Mannich condensation. The yield of target products was 68-75%. The physicochemical data of the synthesized compounds were determined. The composition and structure of the obtained compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The resulting products are colorless liquids with a characteristic odor, insoluble in water, and readily soluble in organic solvents. The synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity of the substances was studied by the method of serial dilutions. The results obtained showed that the tested compounds exhibit more pronounced antimicrobial activity than alcohol, carbolic acid (phenol), rivanol, nitrofungin, furacillin and chloramine used in practice. The synthesized compounds have also been tested as antimicrobial additives to oils, and it has been found that they effectively suppress the vital activity of microorganisms.
Synthesis of dehydroabietane-derived sulfonamides with fragments of L-amino acid esters and hydrazides
Authors: Izmest'ev E. S , Petukhov D. V , Pestova S. V , Rubtsova S. A
Published: April 2024

Ethyl ester of 12-chlorosulfodehydroabietic acid, when reacted with the methyl esters of glycine, methionine, leucine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, proline, histidine, for the first time yielded the corresponding sulfonamides, the ester group (-COOMe) of which was selectively transferred to the hydrazide (-COONHNH2) without affecting the ethyl group bounded with the dehydroabietic acid fragment. In the case of glutamic acid, the corresponding dihydrazides were obtained. The reaction of 12-chlorosulfodehydroabietic acid ethyl ester with cystine dimethyl ester led to the selective formation of bis-sulfonamide, while carrying out the same reaction in an acetone-contained solution was accompanied by the cleavage of the disulfide bond of the cystine fragment to give thioketal. The obtained bis-sulfonamide and thioketal were oxidized with chlorine dioxide to afford in both cases sulfochloride.
Synthesis and affinity of novel asialoglycoprotein receptor triantennary ligands
Authors: Petrov R. A , Petrov S. A , Grishin D. A , Kolmakov I. G , Abramchuk D. S , Tkachenko V. T , Vlasova E. A , Maklakova S. Yu. , Lopukhov A. V
Published: April 2024

New triantennary N -acetylgalactosamine derivatives of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane were synthesized and used to form complexes with asialoglicoprotein receptor, originally found on hepatocytes. Equilibrium dissociation constants ( K D) of asialoglicoprotein receptor and obtained compounds were measured using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy technique. The K D values were in the subnanomolar range, being 6 orders of magnitude lower than the K D of the complex of the receptor and N -acetylgalactosamine, its native ligand. The synthesized ligands exhibit much stronger binding to receptor in comparison to the natural ligand. These results suggest that synthesized ligands are promising agents for the targeted delivery of various therapeutic agents in hepatocytes.
Synthesis of spiro(pyrrol-2,5'-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine)2',4',5,6'-tetraones by the reaction of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazinetriones with 6-aminopyrimidine-2,4-diones
Authors: Tretyakov N. A , Dmitriev M. V , Maslivets A. N
Published: April 2024

8-Aroyl-3,4-dihydro-1 H -pyrrolo[2,1- c ][1,4]oxazine-1,6,7-triones react with 6-aminopyrimidine-2,4(1 H ,3 H )diones to form 3-aroyl-4-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyalkyl)spiro(pyrrole-2,5'-pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidine)2',4',5,6'(1 H ,1' H ,3' H ,7' H )-tetraones, the structure of which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Catalytic cross-cyclomagnesiation reaction in the synthesis of 4Z-unsaturated iodo-δ-lactones
Authors: Makarov A. A , Ishbulatov I. V , Makarova E. Kh. , D'yakonov V. A , Dzhemilev U. M
Published: April 2024

A three-stage synthesis of 4 Z -unsaturated iodo-δ-lactones based on 5 Z ,9 Z -dienic acids was carried out using the intermolecular cross-cyclomagnesiation reaction of aliphatic and O-containing 1,2-dienes catalyzed by Cp2TiCl2 at the key stage with yields of 92-96% and selectivity 98-99%.
Transformation of 3-aroylbenzofuranes in 2-arylbenzofuranes
Authors: Chirkova Zh. V. , Filimonov S. I , Begunov R. S
Published: April 2024

A method of synthesizing new 2-arylbenzofuranes containing acceptor substituentes has been developed by transformation of corresponding 3-aroylbenzofuranes.
Reaction of 2-alkylthio-substituted 2-penten-4-ynals with N,N- and N,O-binucleophiles
Authors: Fedoseeva V. G , Verochkina E. A , Larina L. I , Vchislo N. V
Published: April 2024

The condensation of 2-alkylthiosubstituted 2-en-4-ynals with N , N - and N , O -binucleophiles gives the corresponding 1,3-perhydrodiazines, 1,3-imidazolidines, and 1,3-oxazolidines with an original combination of substituents.
One-pot synthesis of N-acylethenyl4-acylethenyliminodihydroquinolines from 4-aminoquinoline and alkynones
Authors: Nikitina L. P , Belyaeva K. V , Afonin A. V , Ushakov I. A , Trofimov B. A
Published: April 2024

One-pot chemo-, regio- and stereoselective synthesis of ( Z )- N -acylethenyl-4-( E )-[( Z )-acylethenyl]iminodihydroquinolines with high yields (66-98%) has been elaborated by the reaction between 4-aminoqiunoline and alkynones in the КОН/H2O/MeCN system.
Unexpectedly easy non-catalytic transfer of allyl group from allyl sulfides to secondary phosphine sulfides
Authors: Chernysheva N. A , Verkhoturova S. I , Nalibayeva A. M , Bishimbayeva G. K , Arbuzova S. N , Zinchenko S. V , Trofimov B. A
Published: April 2024

The unexpected allylation of secondary phosphine sulfides with allyl sulfides has been found. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions (no catalyst and solvent, 80°C) to give allyldiorganylphosphine sulfides (yield up to 79%). The latter, under the reaction conditions, are able to add the initial secondary phosphine sulfides across the allyl group in the anti-Markovnikov mode to deliver propane-1,3-diylbis(diorganylphosphine sulfides), promising extractants of heavy metals and ligands for the synthesis of metal complex catalysts.
Functionalization of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2Н-pyran-2-one under the conditions of the modified Biginelli reaction
Authors: Kanevskaya I. V , Pchelintseva N. V , Fedotova O. V
Published: April 2024

The features of the interaction of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2 H -pyran-2-one with aromatic aldehydes and urea in the one-pot mode of the classical mode, as well as using thermal and microwave activation of The Biginelli reaction variants, were studied. Depending on the conditions of single-reactory processes, previously unknown 3-[amino(aryl)methyl]-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2 H -pyran-2-one, arylmethylenebis-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2 H -pyran2-one, hybrid system - 2-hydroxy-7-methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-4,4a-dihydro-5 H -pyrano[4,3- d ]pyrimidine-5-one in the case of transformation with aryl aldehyde containing an electron-acceptor substitute.
Chemical properties of 3-tert-butyl-2-oxo1,2-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-6-carboxylates
Authors: Ivanov S. M , Koltun D. S , Kolotyrkina N. G
Published: April 2024

Alkaline hydrolysis of 6- tert -butyl-8-ethyl-7-amino-3- tert -butyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrrolo[1,2- b ][1,2,4]triazin6,8-dicarboxylate gave the corresponding 8-carboxylic acid, treatment of which with n -BuBr or NBS/TEA led to the decarboxylation and alkylation of N1, C2O or bromination of the C8 ring position, respectively. Diazotization of 7-amino-3- tert -butyl-8-R1-2-ОR2-pyrrolo[1,2- b ][1,2,4]triazin-6-carboxylates furnished 7-azido (R1 = Br, CO2Et;R1 = H, n -Bu) and 7-unsubstituted (R1 = Br, CN; R2 = n -Bu, CH2CO2Et, CH2Boc) derivatives, and also 7-(1 H -1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyrrolo[1,2- b ][1,2,4]triazin-6,8-dicarboxylate. The spectral and X-Ray structural features, as well as antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds are considered.
Synthesis and heterocyclization reaction of tribenzylbenzene sulfonylimino chloride with various polarophiles
Authors: Makhmudova A. A
Published: April 2024

A new method has been developed for the preparation of multifunctional pyrazoles by the reaction of 1,3-dipolar addition of tribenzylsulfonyliminochloride to polarophiles. This imine was obtained by reacting tribenzylamine with N -chlorobenzenesulfamide (chloramine-B). Regardless of the structure and composition of polarophiles, the cyclization reaction takes place in the presence of alkali for 6-8 h of boiling, which proves the activation of the methylene groups of tribenzylamine with the help of an electron-withdrawing sulfamide group.
Heterocyclization of 2-nitrobenzoyl1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenides by the action of hydrogen chloride in alcohol
Authors: Kayukov Ya. S. , Grigor'ev A. A , Karpov S. V , Kayukova O. V , Tafeenko V. A
Published: April 2024

The interaction of 2-[3(4)-nitrobenzoyl]-1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenides with hydrogen chloride in alcohols leads to the corresponding 4-amino-1-alkoxy-1-[3(4)-nitrophenyl]-3-oxo-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1 H -pyrrolo[3,4- c ]pyridine-7-carbonitrilam, through the formation of intermediate 2-{2-hydroxy-2-[3(4)-nitrophenyl]-4-cyano-5alkoxy-1,2-dihydro-3 H -pyrrole-3-ylidene}malononitriles, which can be isolated in low yield. Carrying out the reaction in an aqueous-alcoholic medium makes it possible to obtain 4-amino-1-hydroxy-1-[3(4)-nitrophenyl]3-oxo-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1 H -pyrrolo[3,4- c ]pyridine-7-carbonitriles.
Synthesis and biological activity of phosphorylated quaternary ammonium salts
Authors: Gayneev A. M , Davletshin R. R , Galkina I. V , Davletshina N. V , Kuznetsov N. O , Sedov A. N , Shulaeva M. P
Published: April 2024

A series of phosphorylated quaternary ammonium salts 2-7 with higher alkyl substituents at the quaternary nitrogen atom was obtained using a two-stage synthesis procedure. Compounds 2-5 were found to exhibit high antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains B. cereus , S. aureus , E. coli , as well as fungi Candida albicans . Compounds 6 and 7 containing hexa- and octadecyl substituents at the nitrogen atom are not active against pathogenic strains of microorganisms. Using the 31Р NMR method, it was proved that the compounds obtained under the action of air moisture are converted into the corresponding phosphorylated betaines.
Synthesis of 2-isoxazolines and isoxazoles with uracil fragments
Authors: Chernikova I. B , Yunusov M. S , Lobov A. N
Published: April 2024

By 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to nitrile N -oxide obtained from 6-methyluracyl-5-carboxymidoyl chloride, compounds containing an allyl component or propargyl alcohol, a number of 2-isoxazolines and isoxazole with uracil fragments were synthesized.
Porphyrins and porhyrin polymers: synthesis, structural features, prospects of application
Authors: Zakharov M. S , Tertyshnaya Y. V
Published: April 2024

The review covers works on the synthesis of porphyrins, including amphiphilic star-shaped ones, which are attracting more and more attention of synthetic scientists. The potential of various types of porphyrins, metalloporphyrins and their derivatives as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy is discussed. The relationship between the structure of porphyrins and their antimicrobial activity is shown. Polymer-porphyrin systems based on biodegradable polyesters and tetraphenylporphyrins immobilized in their matrix are considered as promising composite materials with bactericidal properties.
Synthesis and properties of 1,3-disubstituted ureas bearing adamantyl and pyridin(quinolin)yl moieties
Authors: Baykova S. O , Baykov S. V , Petrov A. A , Bumistrov V. V , Boyarskiy V. P
Published: April 2024

A series of 1,3-disubstituted ureas containing pyridine (quinoline) and lipophilic adamantane moieties was synthesized by the reaction of 1,1-dimethyl-3-(hetaryl)ureas with amine hydrochlorides (13 compounds, 53-94% yields). The synthesized compounds differ from each other in the substitution position of the adamantane fragment, the structure of the alkyl linker between the adamantane fragment and the amide group, and the type of heterocyclic substituent. They are potentially targeted inhibitors of human soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH).
Synthesis of 4-methyl-6-n-(4-r-phenyl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-enes
Authors: Shadrikova V. A. , Shumkova A. A. , Shiryaev V. A. , Klimochkin Yu. N.
Published: April 2024

Synthesized derivatives of 1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ene by intramolecular carbocationic cyclization of 1-[2hydroxy-2-(4-R-phenyl)ethyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid medium
Silicon analogues of unsaturated hydrocarbons
Authors: Semenov V. V. , Zolotareva N. V.
Published: April 2024

The proposed communication demonstrates the efforts of researchers undertaken to prove the existence of fundamental analogies in the chemistry of structurally related compounds of carbon and silicon. Stable silicon analogues of ethylene - silenes or silaethylenes R2C=SiR2 - were obtained in 1979, disilynes R2Si=SiR2 - in 1981, and analogues of ethine or acetylene - disilins RSi≡SiR - only in 2004. Moving towards the intended goals, scientists synthesized a number of unique branched (bulky) organic and organosilicon substituents, attached them to silicon atoms, closed them from the action of oxygen and air moisture, and prevented secondary dimerization (oligomerization) reactions. The created steric protection led to the preparation of kinetically stable unsaturated silicon compounds and made it possible to characterize them by IR, NMR, UV-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis.
Nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in pyridine and its derivatives by organophosphorus nucleophiles in the presence of electron-deficient acetylenes
Authors: Telezhkin A. A , Volkov P. A , Khrapova K. O
Published: April 2024

The review considers publications on a new easy functionalization of pyridinoids (pyridines, quinolines, isoquinolines, acridine, phenanthridine) by the electron-deficient acetylene (esters of acetylenecarboxylic acids, acylacetylenes, cyanoacetylenes)/P-nucleophile (phosphine chalcogenides, H -phosphonates) system. Particular attention is paid to the SN H reaction of regioselective cross-coupling of pyridines with secondary phosphine chalcogenides, initiated by acylacetylenes and leading to the formation of 4-chalcogenophosphorylpyridines. In these processes, acetylenes act as trimodal adjuvants by (1) activating the pyridine ring towards P-nucleophiles, (2) deprotonating the P-H bond, and (3) facilitating the nucleophilic addition of the P-centered anion to the heterocyclic fragment, followed by the release of selectively reduced (to E -alkenes) acetylenes.
Quantum chemical investigations of the mechanisms of carboand heterocycles assemblies based on acetylenes reactions in superbasic media
Authors: Vitkovskaya N. M , Orel V. B , Kobychev V. B , Bobkov A. S
Published: April 2024

The chemistry of acetylenes has received significant development in the context of the use of superbasic media in organic synthesis. The study of reaction mechanisms requires the use of a complex of chemical, physicochemical, and theoretical methods. This review presents the results of recent quantum-chemical studies on mechanisms of assemblies based on the reactions of acetylene and its derivatives occurring in superbasic media and yielding in the formation of complex deeply functionalized molecular structures, which are being developed at the Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry named after A.E. Favorsky SB RAS.
Acetylenic and allenic carbanions in the reaction with heterocumulenes: a simple way to fundamental heterocycles
Authors: Nedolya N. A
Published: April 2024

The synthetic potential of adducts of acetylenic and allenic carbanions with isothiocyanates and azatrienic systems based on them - precursors of fundamental aza- and thiaheterocycles - pyrroles, 2,3-dihydropyridines, pyridines, quinolines, 3 H -azepines, 4,5-dihydro-3 H -azepines, 2-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-енов, thietanes, thiophenes, thiophene-2(5 H )-imines, 1,3-thiazoles, 4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazoles, and other heterocyclic structures with rare and/or difficult-to-build functional and pharmacophore substituents is briefly described.
Synthesis of spiro[pyrrole-3,2'-pyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazoles] via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 1H-pyrrole-2,3-diones to azomethine ylides
Authors: Moroz A. A. , Dmitriev M. V. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: April 2024

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 1 H -pyrrole-2,3-diones to azomethine ylides obtained in situ by the condensation of L-proline and arylcarbaldehydes proceeds regio- and diastereoselectively and leads to the formation of substituted ethyl 1,2,5',6',7',7a'-hexahydro-3' H -spiro[pyrrole-3,2'-pyrrolo[2,1- b ]oxazole]-4-carboxylates. The structure of one of the obtained compounds was confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis.
C- or N- functionalization of tropilia salt 2-amino-4-methylthiazole or 5-aminotetrazole
Authors: Yunnikova L. P. , Akent'eva T. A. , Yunnikova E. A.
Published: April 2024

The charges on the reaction centers of 2-amino-4-methylthiazole and 5-aminotetrazole, which predetermine their interaction with tropylium tetrafluoroborate, were determined by quantum chemical calculation (AM1) in accordance with the charge control of the process. New compounds 4-methyl-5-(cyclohepta-11,31,51-trienyl)-2-aminothiazole and 5-( N , N -dicyclohepta-11,31,51-trienyl)aminotetrazole were obtained.
Heterocyclization of fullerene with trifluoromethanesulfonamide
Authors: Astakhova V. V. , Zinchenko S. V. , Moskalik M. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The reaction of fullerene with trifluoromethanesulfonamide (triflamide), N , N -dichlorotriflamide and N -trifluoromethylsulfonyl(phenyl)iodinane in the presence of N -iodosuccinimide was studied. A single product of the aza[60]fulleroid structure was isolated.
FORMATION OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE CHELYABINSK COAL BASIN AT THE POST-OPERATIONAL STAGE
Authors: Rybnikova L. S. , Rybnikov P. A. , Smirnov A. Yu. , Galitskaya I. V. , Batrak G. I. , Lysenko O. V. , Ponomarev V. S.
Published: April 2024

Completion of the development of mineral deposits requires the development of new methods for managing areas disturbed by mining. The closure of mining facilities, especially those with a long history of mining forms a difficult environmental situation. This is determined by several factors. The development of deposits is accompanied by drainage measures changing the balance and structure of surface and groundwater flows, and new chemical agents are involved in the formation of the qualitative composition of the hydrosphere. The use of mined-out space during the development of schemes with roof collapse induces geomechanical processes forming the zones of collapse and displacement accompanied by disturbances of the Earth’s surface. The cessation of mine operation means the stop of drainage, which leads to the gradual filling of the depression funnel, the formation of flooding areas and mine water outlets to the surface. Unstable rocks in the quarry sides, on which there were landslides even during drainage, become especially dangerous areas when the water level rises. Taking in consideration that residential and industrial buildings are often historically located in close proximity to mines (sometimes even within the mining allotment), the hydrogeoecological problems of old industrial areas at the post-operational stage become very acute. At the same time, in many cases it is difficult to determine, which factors, natural (features of the geological structure, geomorphological conditions, water content of the period) or technogenic (cessation of drainage) are responsible for territory flooding, especially in the areas distant from the objects of completed mining. This gives rise to numerous speculations and leads to irrational technical solutions. By the example of the Chelyabinsk coal basin, the ecological and hydrogeological problems are considered that arise after mining completion and drainage termination. The measures for reducing their negative impact on the hydrogeoecological conditions of the territory are proposed.
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF PERMAFROST AT THE DALDYNSKOE KIBERLITE FIELD FOR INJECTION OF DRAINAGE WATER FROM ZARNITSA AND UDACHNAYA DIAMOND PIPES
Authors: Yannikov A. M.
Published: April 2024

Environmentally friendly disposal of drainage water arising from the development of diamond tubes is currently becoming very acute for reducing technogenic load on the environment and for introducing new methods and technical solutions. Drainage water from the Daldynskoe kimberlite field were pumped into the Oktyabrsky (1985–2002), Kiengsky (2003–2012), and Levoberezhny (2012–2023) sites at different periods of the deposit development. Currently, Levoberezhny-2 site is being used, which has partially exhausted its useful capacity. As a result, the task was set to determine the possibilities for the further use of permafrost reservoirs in the study area, to identify and evaluate the most promising areas for future injection. The objects of study include the Upper Cambrian strata in the permafrost bottom, below the main erosion bases in the study area. A set of search features (criteria) of structures suitable for pumping drainage water into permafrost has been identified. These are tectonic, structural, geophysical, gas-dynamic, geomorphological, hydrogeological, temperature criteria. Taking into account the analysis of the available information on cryohydrogeological, lithofacial and structural-geological structure of the study area, a forecast map of areas that are promising for geological study and further trial operation was compiled, with an assessment of their useful volumes. The most promising areas are Daldynsky, Pravoberezhny and Sugunakhsky sites. The preliminary estimated useful volumes of these areas, in the case of the use of already developed technologies, are: Daldynsky ~11 million m3; Pravoberezhny ~17.5 million m3; and Sugunakhsky ~11.5 million m3. In other words, with projected drainage water inflow, the considered areas will allow additional pumping of ~40 million m3, which will ensure further environmentally safe mining of the Daldynskoe kimberlite field at least until the mid-2030s. The suggested method of pumping drainage water can be used in related industrial fields for mining not only kimberlite pipes, but also other solid minerals in the permafrost zone.
ANALYSIS OF THE SINKHOLE FORMATION MECHANISM IN PERMAFROST ROCKS IN THE SITE OF INTRAPERMAFROST GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT WITH REGARDS OF DISSIPATIVE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES
Authors: Postoev G. P. , Gagarin L. A. , Kazeev A. I. , Kuchukov M. M. , Pavlova N. A.
Published: April 2024

The paper considers hazardous phenomena on the Earth’s surface such as sinkholes within the Lena River floodplain terrace, the Central Yakutia, in the areas of intrapermafrost groundwater development. Possible mechanisms for the formation of a dip based on thermosuffusion and the mechanism of formation of dissipative geological structures are investigated. The materials of monitoring and geophysical works in the areas of manifestation of failures are analyzed.
NON-TRADITIONAL KARST TYPES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS AND CISURALS
Authors: Smirnov A. I.
Published: April 2024

Despite the wide distribution of sulfate and carbonate karst in the study area, the nontraditional, rarely encountered karst types are also registered. These are clastokarst, karst of calcareous tuffs, sulfide karst, salt karst and marble karst. For each of these nontraditional types of karst, the conditions and factors of development were determined according to the karstic rock composition. Calcareous tuff karst is the least common in the study area, meanwhile clastokarst is widespread. Calcareous tuff karst is spread in the westernmost part of the Southern CisUrals, in the eastern outskirts of the Volga-Ural anteclise; and clastokarst is found in the western margin of the Yuryuzan-Sylva depression of the CisUrals marginal foredeep. Sulfide karst is developed in the plains of the Southern TransUrals within the Magnitogorsk megazone of the Ural folded system, and salt karst occurs in the flat foothills of the Southern Urals within the Belaya Megadepression and the Shikhan-Ishimbai saddle of the CisUrals marginal foredeep. It has been established that the previously identified areas of clastokarst distribution in the west of the area under consideration are not confirmed by modern and Pleistocene forms of its manifestation. The negative impact of clastokarst on economic facilities and humans is comparable to the impact of the most common and dangerous sulfate karst, and this must be taken into account when designing and constructing new buildings and engineering structures. Salt karst is manifested in artificial leaching of rock salt at a depth, such salt is necessary for the production of soda ash (JSC “Soda”); the formed voids are used as underground storage facilities for oil products (OJSC Podzemneftegaz). Calcareous tuff karst is a rare type of karst in the region under consideration, it can be observed at the complex natural monument “Shumilovsky waterfall”. Surface manifestations of sulfide karst can be a search feature of new copper-sulfide deposits. Non-traditional types of karst have both positive and negative practical implications. Karst in marble complicates the development of mineral deposits, and clastokarst complicates the economic development of the territory. Calcareous tuff karst creates unique local landforms, and sulfide karst is of practical importance in the search for new mineral deposits. On the one hand, salt karst determines the extraction of minerals deposits and contributes to the creation of useful underground storage facilities, on the other hand, it destroys them.
MONITORING OF SEDIMENT POLLUTION FOR VARIOUS WATER BODIES IN THE UPPER VOLGA REGION
Authors: Tolkachev G. Yu. , Korzhenevskiy B. I. , Kolomiytsev N. V.
Published: April 2024

The problem of water body pollution with heavy metals is still relevant. From the viewpoint of technogenic load, the most hazardous pollutants are elements Hg, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, and As. To systematize the research, the objects of different hierarchical levels were identified. Based on many years of experimental work, contamination of sediments with heavy metals was assessed for the Upper Volga system, i.e., Lake Seliger, an unregulated section of the Upper Volga, Ivankovskoe and Uglichskoe reservoirs. The largest taxon is the basin of the reservoir with the adjoining watershed area with cities and towns located on it, tributaries of various orders, smaller elements of natural and natural-technogenic relief. Urban and settlement agglomerations located on the coasts of reservoirs and unregulated areas or within watersheds are smaller in area, but no less significant in their role in water body pollution. Small rivers contribute to pollution/purification, which can contribute to the flow of both clean and polluted silty material into large watercourses. Different areal and temporal survey modes are offered for taxa of different hierarchy. The practical results of studies of the content in sediments of the listed objects of heavy metals – Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Fe and Mn are presented. Described or provided references to the methods used in the experiments. The general picture of pollution is presented and the tendencies of its change in space and time are noted.
DEFORMATIONS OF BUILDINGS ON FROZEN SALINE SOILS DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE (THE CASE OF AMDERMA VILLAGE, RUSSIA)
Authors: Chernyak Yu. V. , Badina S. V. , Brushkov A. V.
Published: April 2024

To date, there is no comprehensive geotechnical monitoring of pile foundations for residential and industrial buildings in Russian regions located in the permafrost zone and, accordingly, there is no reliable information about which part of them annually undergoes deformations caused by changes in geocryological conditions. This study presents the results of fieldwork on inspection of buildings in Amderma village (Zapolyarny district of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the North-East of the European part of Russia, part of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation). The article presents the main reasons for the deformation of buildings in Amderma. Data were collected on climatic and permafrost conditions and their dynamics, construction features and the current state of engineering structures of Amderma. Based on studies of engineering structures, a general description of the buildings is given. It was identified that in 2021, 59% of the total number of buildings were deformed, of which 80% were wooden, 46% brick and concrete, and 31% buildings made of light structures. Thus, only 40% of the heat-generating facilities in Amderma are not deformed. The main factors of foundation deformations are identified: soil salinity; watering underground or directly near the building; thermokarst in the building area; coastal processes; rise in temperature due to climate change or creep in the base soil. The results of the study made it possible to fill in local information “gaps” for the Arctic coast of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the range of works devoted to the problem of buildings and structures deformations. The new results obtained can be integrated with other similar studies.
DYNAMIC STRENGTH PARAMETRS OF CLAY SOILS AND METHODS FOR THEIR DETERMINATION
Authors: Sentsova E. A. , Nikitin M. S. , Voznesensky E. A.
Published: April 2024

Correct determination of strength properties is always relevant for the prediction of soil mechanical behavior. This issue in a static formulation of the problem is widely discussed in technical literature. However, the determination of strength properties under dynamic loading remains debatable. This paper discusses a new methodological approach developed to determine the parameters of dynamic shear strength of saturated samples of model clay soils based on a combined analysis of static and dynamic triaxial testing data. It is demonstrated that, other conditions being equal, the value of the angle of internal friction of clay soil samples with predominantly a coagulative structure is the same under static and dynamic conditions; however, cohesion decreases under dynamic loading and this effect is attributed to the thixotropic strength loss in such a soil.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT ECOLOGICAL AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL STATE AND FORECAST OF ITS CHANGES IN THE CHITA TPP-1 ASH DUMP TERRITORY (EASTERN TRANSBAIKALIA)
Authors: Fedorov I. A. , Usmanova L. I.
Published: April 2024

The article provides an assessment of the current state of groundwater and shows the dynamics of its transformation based on the analysis of geoenvironment monitoring results for 2008–2022. The geological environment monitoring program included hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical observations on the Chita thermal power plant № 1 ash dump territory placed in the west of the city. Regime observations were carried out over the aquifer of the Lower Cretaceous sediments of the Doronin formation using hydrogeology boreholes. The hydrodynamic data correlation analysis indicates the relationship of groundwater levels in boreholes located at a considerable distance from the ash dump with the water level in the nearest borehole. The expansion of technogenic object influence zone in the southwest direction is confirmed by this circumstance, together with the appearance of an ascending spring and the previous studies results of the filtration properties of soils which lie at the ash dump bowl base. As revealed earlier, the ash dump appeared to be the source of significant contamination of groundwater in this area. Nowadays, the polluted area is estimated approximately at 12 km2. The concentrations of sulfates, boron, total dissolved solids, as well as total hardness exceed the norms for drinking water within the area of about 12 km2 in the boreholes on the filtration flow route in the southeast direction from the ash dump. The chemical composition of water taken from boreholes in the southwest direction is currently close to the background values of the water quality indices for the Chita-Ingoda intermountain artesian basin. Meanwhile, the composition of the spring located 1 km southwest from the third ash dump bowl indicates worsening of groundwater quality. As proceeds from the study performed, the operation of the third ash dump bowl will create conditions for the spread of the groundwater contamination front in a new direction with flooding of previously unaffected areas.
FIELD AND MODEL RESEARCH OF THE GROUNDWATER FLOWS IN THE AREA OF THE PAKS-2 NPP CONSTRUCTION, HUNGARY
Authors: Nikulenkov A. M. , Novitskaya O. I. , Rumynin V. G. , Vil’kina M. V. , Shvarts A. A. , Sindalovskii L. N.
Published: April 2024

The construction of the nuclear power plant (NPP) requires conducting a large number of engineering and hydrogeological surveys, as well as assessment of the design decisions’ safety. A deep excavation pit at the Paks II NPP construction site requires execution of the cut-off wall due to extremely high groundwater saturation of the alluvial deposits. However, lithological anisotropy and the presence of dislocation zones did not allow identifying the appropriate depth for the cut-off wall construction. Unfortunately, engineering geological boreholes with a 20-meter distance between them and surface and borehole geophysical surveys could not identify the hydrogeological units. Thus, to conceptualize the hydrogeological settings, an analysis of the groundwater head distribution and the large-scale pumping tests were conducted. The interpretation of the geological data and the distinguishing of the hydrogeological units were carried out iteratively using the hydrogeological numerical model. The flow model could represent the hydraulic head distribution, the response of the lithologically heterogeneous layers to the water fluctuations in the Danube river, and the pumping tests carried out at the different depths. The results of the hydrogeological modeling revealed the aquitard to be continuous throughout the territory; however, its top’s depth changes from 30–35 to 90 m within the construction site of the Paks II NPP. This complex geometry of the aquitard is controlled by the plicated dislocation zone, which cuts the construction site in half and is revealed as the right wall of the graben.Correct hydrogeological stratification enabled us to ensure waterproof activities such as the cut-off wall construction using the hydrogeological model when excavating a deep pit for the Paks II NPP. This also minimizes the hydrodynamic impact on the closely located NPP Paks in operation.
ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL MODELS BASED ON MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Zhidkov R. Yu. , Abakumova N. V. , Rakitina N. N. , Lesnikov G. A. , Rekun V. S. , Petrov A. K.
Published: April 2024

Assessing reliability of engineering geological models still requires further studies.. Much more attention is paid to the methodology for assessing the reliability and quality of models in oil and gas geology. A comparison of the methods used in this field with the methodology for assessing the quality of machine learning models showed the similarity of principles and approaches. Therefore, the algorithms for engineering geological modeling can be justified and calibrated using tools for evaluating the quality of machine learning models. The article systematizes and analyzes the metrics used in solving problems and classification, and describes the methodology of using cross-validation techniques to assess the quality of algorithms. The practical experience of constructing a computer stratigraphic-genetic model using various algorithmic approaches is described: on the basis of triangulation constructions, using ordinary kriging with automated variogram composition and using the custom heuristic algorithm that considers the history of sedimentation and technogenic transformation of the territory. It is shown that the problem of three-dimensional geological modeling can be considered both as a classification and regression problem. The error index of the stratigraphic-genetic model is proposed based on the calculation of the average absolute errors in determining the spatial position of geological layers. The proposed approaches are applicable to testing methodologies of engineering geological modeling in a broad sense, the verification of predictive models of any kind being the most difficult issue. It is emphasized that the development and filling of databases of various engineering and geological data should be intensified, including field and laboratory data, the results of their processing, forecast estimates and conclusions based on them, monitoring measurements of various kinds, remote sensing data, etc. The possibilities of processing and analyzing big data in engineering geology will allow us to move from subjective expert estimations to the application of modern approaches to modeling complexly formalized objects and phenomena using the capabilities of machine learning and artificial intelligence.
EARLY PLEISTOCENE SEROTINE BAT EPTESICUS PRAEGLACIALIS (VESPERTILIONIDAE, CHIROPTERA) FROM THE TAURIDA CAVE IN CRIMEA
Authors: Lopatin A. V.
Published: April 2024

The cranial and mandibular remains of a large serotine bat Eptesicus praeglacialis Kormos, 1930 are described from the Lower Pleistocene deposits of the Taurida cave in the central Crimea. This is the first finding of the skull material of E. praeglacialis and the first record of the species in Crimea. Judging by the tooth wear stages, the remains of both young and adult specimens are present in the taphocenosis. The small mammal tooth marks on the bones (caused by eating the remnants of soft tissues) in the absence of signs of digestion, characterizing materials from the predatory bird pellets, indicate that the taphocenosis includes the remains of E. praeglacialis individuals that used the cave as a shelter and died there. This corresponds to the idea of appearance of hibernation in caves as a climatically determined ecological adaptation in some European forest-dwelling bats (including Eptesicus) at the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition.
NEW DATA ON DENTAL MORPHOLOGY OF HIPPARION TCHICOICUM IVANJEV, 1966 FROM WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA (RUSSIA)
Authors: Kalmykov N. P.
Published: April 2024

The message is devoted to the morphological features of the teeth of a three-toed horse (Hipparion tchicoicum) from the Pliocene of Western Transbaikalia (Russia). For the first time, it presents a number of diagnostic signs of the Chicoi hipparion, which are criteria for determining this taxon among other fossils of three-toed horses and their real diversity at the final stage of distribution in Inner Asia.
MORPHOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION OF CERATA IN A NUDIBRANCH PTERAEOLIDIA SEMPERI (GASTROPODA, NUDIBRANCHIA)
Authors: Vorobyeva O. A. , Ekimova I. A. , Malakhov V. V.
Published: April 2024

The morphology of cerata and cnidosacs of nudibibranch mollusc Pteraeolidia semperi (Bergh, 1870) has been studied. From gastrodermal channel of the digestive gland the fine tubules arise, which contains cells with symbiotic algae – zooxanthellae. The cnidosac stores large kleptocnides. Thus. P. semperi represents a unique example of symbiotrophic feeding specialization. Morphological organization of its cerata and the digestive gland demonstrates several adaptation for cultivation of zooxanthellae providing proper conditions for active photosynthesis of zooxanthellae.
NEW PLANT SPECIES SHOWING ANTIPROTOZOIAN ACTIVITY
Authors: Osipov A. V. , Starkov V. G. , Trang Nguyen Thi Thuy , Khoa Nguyen Cuu , Anh Hoang Ngoc , Dung Le Tien , Tsetlin V. I. , Utkin Yu. N. , Cheremnykh E. G.
Published: April 2024

The effects of extracts of ten plant species growing in Russia and five species growing in Vietnam on the growth and survival of ciliates Tetrahymena pyriformis were studied. T. pyriformis is from the Protozoa subkingdom, which also includes pathogens of protozoan infections. Extraction of dried plants was carried out with acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions, as well as with an aqueous ethanol solution. Various amounts of extracts were added to the infusoria cells and the number of survived cells was recorded after 1 and 24 hours. We found that our samples of several plants, including wormwood, harmala, and licorice, similarly to those studied earlier, have antiprotozoal activity, which may indicate a sameness of secondary metabolites in plants from different regions. Using the ciliate T. pyriformis as a model organism, the presence of antiprotozoal activity in extracts of lilac, chondrilla, cinquefoil, hop and elm was shown for the first time.
THE DISCOVERY OF POGONOPHORES (ANNELIDA, SIBOGLINIDAE) IN THE ST. ANNA TROUGH (KARA SEA) IN THE AREA OF GAS HYDRATES DISSOCIATION
Authors: Rimskaya-Korsakova N. N. , Karaseva N. P. , Osadchiev A. A. , Semiletov I. P. , Gantsevich M. M. , Yurikova D. A. , Malakhov V. V.
Published: April 2024

Representatives of pogonophores (Annelida, Siboglinidae), whose vital activity is provided by symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria that oxidize methane and hydrogen sulfide, were found in the St. Anna trough at depths of 539 m and 437 m. The discovery of pogonophores indicates high concentrations of methane, which can occur because of dissociation of bottom gas hydrates under the influence of the influx of warm Atlantic water penetrating into the Kara Sea along the St. Anna trough.
THE FIRST RECORD OF EOTHENOMYS (ARVICOLINAE, CRICETIDAE, RODENTIA) FROM THE PLEISTOCENE OF VIETNAM
Authors: Lopatin A. V.
Published: April 2024

The Oriental vole Eothenomys eleusis (Thomas, 1911) is identified from the Middle Pleistocene Tham Hai cave locality in northern Vietnam (Lang Son Province) based on isolated teeth. This is the first record of the Pleistocene Arvicolinae in Vietnam and the first fossil find of Eothenomys outside of China.
MULTILOCUS ANALYSIS OF PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE CROCIDURA SUAVEOLENS SENSU LATO SPECIES COMPLEX: COMPARISON WITH MITOCHONDRIAL DATA
Authors: Gritsyshin V. A. , Lisenkova A. A. , Speranskaya A. S. , Artyushin I. V. , Sheftel B. I. , Lebedev V. S. , Bannikova A. A.
Published: April 2024

For the first time, we attempt to study the phylogeny of the Crocidura suaveolens s. l. species complex using multilocus analysis. Sequencing data for 16 nuclear genes indicate the existence of several distinct forms within the species complex, and its structure does not in general contradict mitochondrial phylogeny. Siberian shrew is characterized by some specificity of the nuclear genome, but the degree of its genetic differentiation does not correspond to species-level. We clarified the relationships of Crocidura aff. suaveolens from South Gansu and Sichuan with other forms of the species complex. The shrews from Buryatia and Khentii also belong to this form, but their mtDNA had apparently introgressed in the past from C. shantungensis. In the recent time, hybridization of C. suaveolens s.str. with C. aff. suaveolens and C. güeldenstaedtii, had also occurred. Taking into account multiple introgression events in the history of C. suaveolens s.l., for the analysis of the phylogenetic relations between its forms a significant increase in the set of loci is required.
RHINOLOPHUS MEHELYI SCYTHOTAURICUS SUBSP. NOV. (RHINOLOPHIDAE, CHIROPTERA) FROM THE LOWER PLEISTOCENE OF THE TAURIDA CAVE IN CRIMEA
Authors: Lopatin A. V.
Published: April 2024

A new extinct subspecies of the Mehely’s horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus mehelyi scythotauricus subsp. nov., is described on the base of an incomplete skull from the Lower Pleistocene deposits of the Taurida cave in the central Crimea. It is the largest member of the R. euryale group. In terms of the evolutionary level, it is intermediate between Plio-Pleistocene R. mehelyi birzebbugensis Storch, 1974 and recent members of the species, but its large size and relatively narrow upper molars may indicate belonging to a separate phylogenetic lineage within R. mehelyi Matschie, 1901. R. mehelyi scythotauricus subsp. nov. is the first fossil record of the species in the Crimea; it is also one of the northernmost finds of R. mehelyi.
PARP1 GENE KNOCKOUT SUPPRESSES EXPRESSION OF DNA BASE EXCISION REPAIR GENES
Authors: Zakharenko A. L. , Malakhova A. A. , Dyrkheeva N. S. , Okorokova L. S. , Medvedev S. P. , Zakian S. M. , Kabilov M. R. , Tupikin A. A. , Lavrik O. I.
Published: April 2024

The effect of PARP1 knockout in HEK293 cells on the gene expression of DNA base excision repair (BER) proteins was studied. It was shown that the expression of all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of BER was reduced by knockout. The expression of the DNA glycosylase gene NEIL1, which is considered to be one of the common “hubs” for binding BER proteins, has changed the most. The expression of genes of auxiliary subunits of DNA polymerases δ and ε is also significantly reduced. The PARP1 gene knockout cell line obtained is an adequate cell model for studying the activity of the BER process in the absence of PARP1 and testing drugs aimed at inhibiting repair processes. It has been found for the first time that knockout of the PARP1 gene results in a significant change in the level of expression of proteins responsible for ribosome biogenesis and the functioning of the proteasome.
BARNASE-BARSTAR SPECIFIC INTERACTION REGULATES CAR-T CELLS CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY TOWARD MALIGNANCY
Authors: Kalinin Roman S. , Shipunova Victoria O. , Rubtsov Yuri P. , Ukrainskay Valeria M. , Schulga Alexey , Konovalova Elena V. , Volkov Dmitry V. , Yaroshevich Igor A. , Moysenovich Anastasiia M. , Belogurov Alexey A. , Telegin Georgij B. , Chernov Alexandr S. , Maschan Mikhail A. , Terekhov Stanislav S. , Knorre Vera D. , Khurs Elena , Gnuchev Nikolay V. , Gabibov Alexander G. , Deyev Sergey M.
Published: April 2024

The development of CAR-T specific therapy made a revolution in modern oncology. Despite the pronounced therapeutic effects, this novel approach displayed several crucial limitations caused by the complications in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics controls. The presence of the several severe medical complications of CAR-T therapy initiated a set of attempts aimed to regulate their activity in vivo. We propose to apply the barnase-barstar system to control the cytotoxic antitumor activity of CAR-T cells. To menage the regulation targeting effect of the system we propose to use barstar-modified CAR -T cells together with barnase-based molecules. Barnase was fused with designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) specific to tumor antigens HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) The application of the system demonstrates the pronounced regulatory effects of CAR-T targeting.
SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF IMMUNOHEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF PERPHERAL BLOOD OF THE BAT MYOTIS DASYCNEME (BOIE, 1825) LIVING IN THE URALS
Authors: Kovalchuk L. A. , Mishchenko V. A. , Chernaya L. V. , Snit’ko V. P. , Bolshakov V. N.
Published: April 2024

A comparative analysis of the immunohematological parameters of bats from fauna of the Urals Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825) in seasonal periods of their annual life cycle is presented for the first time. Multivariate nonparametric analysis of variance showed the absence of significant gender differences in bats according to the studied parameters of red blood (p = 0.35). The sexual determination of bats was established by the content of leukocytes, band neutrophils and segments neutrophils, lymphocytes in the blood (p 0.05). Males are characterized by a higher development of innate immunity in the summer compared to females (p 0.05). In the autumn-winter hibernation period, males and females have a significant lymphocytic profile (50.6–53.5%), providing immune “supervision” and specifically reactive activation of the acquired adaptive immune response.