bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RISCOS NATURAIS: CONCEITOS, COMPONENTES E RELAÇÕES ENTRE NATUREZA E SOCIEDADE
Authors: Olímpio João Luís Sampaio , Zanella Maria Elisa
Published: August 2017

Riscos e desastres naturais são termos que se tornaram comuns no meio científico e na sociedade como um todo. No entanto, persistem incongruências conceituais, provocando o surgimento de uma diversidade de definições. Tal problemática merece atenção dos pesquisadores, com intuito de aprimorar o emprego dos conceitos na literatura e nos mecanismos de gestão. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a problemática explicitada ao apresentar as diferentes conceituações, percepções, elementos estruturantes e as relações que permeiam a formação dos riscos e desastres naturais. Também são apresentadas e discutidas as noções de perigo, vulnerabilidade e suscetibilidade. A investigação foi fundamentada na revisão da literatura contemporânea a respeito dos fenômenos tratados. Entende-se que o risco natural é uma situação probabilística que apenas pode ser compreendido quando analisado sob a ótica das inter-relações entre sociedade e natureza na formação de espaço de risco.
Efficiency Analysis of Indonesian Coffee Supply Chain Network Using A New DEA Model Approach: Literature Review
Authors: Rosiana Nia , Nurmalina Rita , Winandi Ratna , Rifin Amzul
Published: August 2017

A position of Indonesia as the world’s biggest producer of robusta coffee has declined. Currently, Vietnam is the main producer of robusta coffee in the world. A decline in Indonesia's position is due to saturation of the Indonesian coffee export destination countries which results in declining demand for export of Indonesian coffee. The quantity of Indonesian robusta coffee supplied to the international market depends on secured supply of domestic raw materials and the efficiency of supply chain network. Efforts to ensure the domestic coffee supply is done through efficiency analysis on each member of the supply chain that forms the supply chain network. Efficiency measurement in supply chain network is performed using the New DEA Model developed by Liang et al. The measurement technique of DEA is gradually the efficiency of the production unit (product flow) of each actor (seller and buyer) on the supply chain. The efficiency level of each actor can determine the efficiency of the supply chain network. This is because of the relationship of input and output between seller and buyer so that the final output of supply chain network will produce. New DEA model is more appropriate to use in supply efficiency mechanism that can be cooperative.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 13, No. 9
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: August 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 13, No. 9, 2017.
Research on Consistent Pattern of Development of the Educators’ Ability to Self-Improvement
Authors: Fishman Boris , Kuzmina Bogdana , Fokina Olga , Fishbein Miron , Moskvina Natalya , Mashovetz Svetlana , Serezhnikova Raisa
Published: August 2017

The educators’ ability to self-improvement is considered in the article by means of a special system. It can be represented as a three-level hierarchical model with fuzzy structural relationships. The intermediate level of this model contains components that enable the formation and development of the object of the upper level (educators’ ability to self-improvement): 1) motivational-valuable component; 2) the emotional-volitional component; 3) reflective-evaluative component; 4) cognitive component; 5) organizing component. The lower level of the model contains indicators. They make it possible to evaluate the degree of the selected components’ formation and the stage of the development of the investigated ability as a whole. Each state of the educators' ability to self-improvement is characterized by a tuple. The stage reached by the relevant components is the element of this tuple. According to self-assessments received from 214 lecturers and teachers, the most common states were defined. It has allowed to form a sequence of such states. The transitions between them describe the patterns of development of the educators' ability to self-improvement. The described technique allows us to characterize the development of this ability not only among educators, but also among professional managers, doctors, engineers in the field of electrical engineering and electronics, and others.
Students, Mobile Devices and Classrooms: A comparison of US and Arab Undergraduate Students in a Middle Eastern University
Authors: Mohammad Abu Taleb Bibi Rahima , Coughlin Chris , Romanowski Michael H. , Semmar Yassir , Hosny Khaled Hosny
Published: August 2017

The use of mobile devices in the university classroom is not limited to Western cultures. Rather universities in the Middle East, particularly in the Gulf Cooperation Countries face similar problems regarding smartphone usage in classrooms. This study utilizes Tindell and Bohlander’s (2012) survey to compare results regarding cell phones and text messaging in a small private US university to those in a Middle Eastern University located in a GCC country. The authors surveyed 300 randomly selected undergraduate students representing 26 majors located in seven different colleges to gain an understanding of their cell phones use in university classrooms. Comparison with US students demonstrates these students share a great deal of similarities although several findings indicate differences. To address the similarities and difference, the authors discuss globalization and relevant issues regarding the role culture plays in the use of this technology.
Some Characterizations of Exponential Distribution
Authors: Ahsanullah M. , Z. Anis M.
Published: August 2017

There are some characterizations of the exponential distribution based on the relation of the maximum of two observations expressed as linear combination of the two observations. In this paper some generalizations of this known characterization of the exponential distribution using the relations between the maximum and minimum of  independent and identically distributed random variables having absolutely continuous (with respect to Lebesgue measure) distribution function will be presented.
Effect of induction hardening of
Fe-C-Ni-Cu-Mo-B metal matrix composites
by powder metallurgy for gear production
Authors: Gün T. , Şimşir M. , Özaydin F.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: In this study, mechanical behavior of iron base (Fe-0.8 C-2.0 Cu-1.5 Ni-X Mo-YB (%wt.), x=0.6, 1.2 and 1.8; Y=0.2, 0.6 and 1.0) metal matrix composite (MMC) by powdermetallurgy was investigated for gear production. Effect of Mo and B elements on surfacehardness, density and microstructure of the composite samples.Design/methodology/approach: MMC has produced by warm compaction methodfollowed by free sintering in controlled Ar gas atmosphere. Green composite has producedunder 650 MPa pressure at 160ºC temperature. The green products have been sinteredat temperature of 1150ºC and 60 min sintering time. Hardness test have been conductedbefore and after induction hardening. The microstructure of the samples have beenexamined before and after induction hardening under optical microscopy.Findings: The results have showed that the highest surface hardness has been obtainedX=1.8 and Y=1.0 composition. Addition of Mo and B elements does not affect on the densityof the sample.Research limitations/implications: The ability of induction hardening to compositematerial has been investigated.Originality/value: The studies were carried out in experimental composition with warmcompacting method.
Improving crack resistivity in Al alloy
pressure vessels by FSW
Authors: Lenin A.W.A. , Nagaraj P. , Lincy G.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Fuel or oil transmission pipelines are made with light metal alloys to preventcorrosion and to provide a better safety record. This is achieved by the combinationof perfect design, selection of materials and functioning practices. However, like anyengineering structure, these lines also fail occasionally. Major cases of such failure it inducesdue to external interference or corrosion or due to manufacturing defects; so such of defectsif they were detected before failure and that can be treated to avoid failure or the life timecan be improved.Design/methodology/approach: In this study an aluminum alloy sample with microcrack was treated with FSW process with ZN powder. And studies were carried out againstboth treated and untreated samples with cracks.Findings: From the studies it is clear that FSW treatment over surfaces will reduces thecrack initiation in light metal alloy structures. The process can be done before or afterinstallation.Research limitations/implications: The results were recorded and suggested FSW as abest process for crack treatment in Al alloys. Especially in pressure lines or pressure vessels.Originality/value: Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state metal joining process. Thisis energy efficient, ecofriendly, and versatile light metal joining technique. In particular,high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys can be welded by using this technique. This willproduces high harden joints in light metals as just like conventional arc welding techniques.It is considered as the most significant research development in light metal joining.
Some aspects of the determination of
retained austenite using the Rietveld
refinement
Authors: Morawiec M. , Grajcar A.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to show the advantage of the application of the Rietveldrefinement for determination of retained austenite amount in multiphase microstructure steels.Design/methodology/approach: The steels used for the investigation were thermomechanicallyrolled and controlled cooled to room temperature. The investigation of themicrostructure was carried out using light microscopy. X-ray diffraction investigations ofanalyzed steel were a major part of the research. The phase identification and quantitativeanalysis of retained austenite were done using the HighScore Plus software that includesthe Rietveld refinement method. The Rietveld analysis takes into account the preferredorientation that occurs during thermo-mechanical processing of steel.Findings: It was found that after the thermo-mechanical processing the microstructureof steel is composed of fine-grained bainitic matrix which includes bainite-austeniteconstituents, martensite blocks and some fraction of retained austenite. The X-ray diffractionshowed that this steel includes phases of Feα (bainite and martensite) and Feγ (retainedaustenite). The Rietveld analysis showed that the volume fraction of retained austenite is14.1%.Research limitations/implications: To confirm that Rietveld refinement methodis a good tool for the quantitative analysis of retained austenite volume fraction EBSDmeasurements should be done for comparison purposes.Practical implications: The obtained results can be used for determination of retainedaustenite fraction in AHSS steels. It is important because the retained austenite content andits mechanical stability decide about a formability level of these steel grades.Originality/value: Some methodological aspects are concerned affecting the finalquantitative results of retained austenite volume fraction is AHSS.
Optimization of the wear resistance
of AA2024 matrix composites
fabricated with hot pressing
Authors: Ovali I. , Karakoç H. , Çinici H.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: In the present study, the effects of B4C reinforcement volume fraction (% 5-15-20)on the abrasive wear properties of AA2024 matrix composites produced with hot pressingmethods were investigated.Design/methodology/approach: As-received samples were also used for comparison.AA 2024 powder was mixed with B4C-SiC-Al2O3 particles by a three dimensional mechanicmixer for 30 minutes. Mixed powder was pressed under 60 MPa at room temperature in thesteel mold by unidirectional. Steel mold kept in the furnace at 550ºC after the pre-pressingfor 30 minutes. Samples were pressed in heated mold under 100 Pa. The wear tests werecarried out using a pin-on-disk wear tester by sliding at sliding speeds of 1.2 m/s againstsilicon carbide paper. Normal loads of 10, 20 and 30 N at constant sliding speed at roomtemperature.Findings: The experimental result showed that B4C volume fraction significantly influencethe wear behavior of AA2024 matrix composites produced with hot pressing methods.Originality/value: It was also found that the wear resistance of AA2024 matrix compositesproduced with hot pressing methods increases with increasing B4C volume fraction.The highest weight loss was obtained in the unreinforced matrix material.
Applicability of Friction Stir Welding
to steels
Authors: Çam G. , İpekoğlu G. , Küçükömeroğlu T. , Aktarer S.M.
Published: August 2017

significant developments in joining technology to emerge in the last 30 years. The technique
has originally been developed for joining difficult-to-fusion-weld Al-alloys, particularly for high
strength grades and now widely used in various industrial applications, such as transport
industries. On the other hand, the application of FSW to high temperature materials such as
steels is hindered due to the problems associated with the stirring tools although there is a
wide interest for the application of this technique to these materials.
Design/methodology/approach: The aim of this review is to address the current
state-of-the-art of FSW of steels, focusing particularly on microstructural aspects and
the resulting properties of these joints and discuss the future prospects of this technique
for steels. For instance, the use of FSW can be advantageous for joining steels in some
special applications where conventional fusion welding processes fail to produce sound
cost effective joints, and the high tooling costs of FSW can be justified (i.e. underwater
joining of steel pipes or hot plate welding in steel mills). In this study, only structural steels
(mainly plain C steels), ferritic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels and duplex
stainless steels will be considered and the other types of steels are out of the scope of
this work although some examples are included in the discussion.
Research limitations/implications: The tools experience high temperatures in FSW
of steels, i.e., above 1000°C. The number of tool materials which can withstand such
temperatures is very limited. In addition, the welding of many common steels can be
readily conducted by various conventional fusion welding methods. These joining methods
are very flexible, easy-to-perform and well established in industrial applications, which
further prevents the application of FSW to these materials. These limitations are to be
overcome for commercial exploitation of this technique for joining steels.
Alginate based hydrogel for tissue
regeneration: optimization, antibacterial
activity and mechanical properties
Authors: Kaczmarek-Pawelska A. , Winiarczyk K. , Mazurek J.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: In this work our aim was to reveal the relationship between sodium alginate
concentration and crosslinking level, also the ratio of release of the antibacterial additives:
silver nanoparticles and metronidazole. Moreover, we examine obtained hydrogel as a
potential dressing material for regenerative medicine.
Design/methodology/approach: In the research specimens of hydrogels were tested to
define their mechanical and physicochemical properties like antibacterial activity against gramnegative
Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, viscosity and conductivity.
Findings: The concentration of alginate and presence of antibacterial additives influence
on the crosslinking level. Mechanical properties of hydrogels are similar to human skin. Only
hydrogels with addition of metronidazole and AgNP inhibits bacteria growth after 18 h. In
case of gram-negative Escherichia coli both of the aseptic additives inhibits bacteria growth,
but sodium alginate hydrogel with silver nanoparticles gives better results in tests with grampositive
Staphylococcus aureus.
Research limitations/implications: The presence of metronidazole in hydrogel,
especially its incorporation and binding with mannuronic and guluronic acid residues must
be clarified in more advanced research.
Practical implications: Obtained results shows that sodium alginate hydrogels with
0.1mg/ml of alginate, due to its properties are proper as a dressing material. Based on the
results, and more advanced tests with metronidazole, we can consider dressing design.
Originality/value: Unique value of this work is that we completed the gap in knowledge
about the relation of crosslinking level and mechanical properties with are crucial to proper
tissue healing and addition of popular aseptic agents.
Microstructure and properties of cold
sprayed composite coatings
Authors: Góral A. , Żórawski W. , Makrenek M. , Kowalski S.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The composite coatings containing incorporated ceramic achieve a wide
spectrum of enhanced properties, resulting from a combination of features from a ductile
matrix and hard particles. This article attempts to explain how the alumina addition to Ni
powder influences the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite Ni-Al2O3
coatings cold sprayed on the 7075 Al alloy.
Design/methodology/approach: The coatings were formed during a deposition of
the powder particles step by step which impacts with high velocities onto the substrate,
deform, and adhere to it or to other particles.
Findings: The incorporation of Al2O3 in the Ni matrix induced a larger plastic deformation of
the powder particles and reduced the porosity of the coatings. The Ni-Al2O3 coatings were
characterized by a lower surface roughness compared to Ni deposits. The Young modulus
of the Ni-Al2O3 coatings were found to be higher than Ni coating.
Properties of titanium coating deposited
using spheroidal powders by cold spraying
Authors: Żórawski W. , Mądry J. , Sienicki J. , Makrenek M. , Góral A. , Kowalski S.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: TThe purpose of this study was to investigate the microstructure and the
properties of the Ti coatings cold sprayed using spheroidal powder on the Al 7075 alloy.
Design/methodology/approach: The Ni powder with irregular shape of grains was
applied in the cold spraying process. The coatings were sprayed by means of a Impact
Innovations 5/8 system with of nitrogen as process gas.
Findings: The high kinetic energy of titanium particles causes their significant deformation
and splats strongly adhere to the substrate and to each other. Cold sprayed titanium
coatings exhibit negligible porosity and different mechanical properties caused by varying
deformation degree of titanium powder. There were no phase changes in titanium powder
during the spray process, and the coating consist of crystalline titanium.
Practical implications: Titanium and its alloys have unique properties such as a high
strength to weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance and bio-compatibility. These features
make it a material that is ideally suited for use in the aerospace, medical, and corrosive
industries.
Originality/value: The main advantage of cold spraying is elimination of influence of
temperature on the particles of the coating material and the substrate that occurs in
conventional thermal spraying methods. Therefore, the properties of such formed coatings
are not available in other technologies.
Development of key performance selection
index model
Authors: Kaganski S. , Toompalu S.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The main idea of this paper is to introduce the refined model for selection of the
Key performance indicators (KPI). The KPI selection model can be considered as a tool for
analysis of the enterprise, which should be able to simplify the choice of the right metrics
for the company, where study has been conducted. The Enterprise analysis model (EAM)
will provide the information regarding weak spots on the production and provide further
steps to the management. Those actions will save time and reduce resources that are
necessary to implement metrics in company.
Design/methodology/approach: Main activities performed include: optimization of
EAM; Fuzzy AHP and SMARTER criteria’s for ranking the KPIs; reliability analysis and
weights appointment to questions and KPIs. In addition, the expert group has participated
in the analysis of this work and has made a high impact on the results.
Findings: The main result of this work is the final version of the KPI selection model.
Research limitations/implications: The future research should be focused on
optimization of the model and in adding additional module for automatic data collection.
The Production Monitoring System (PMS) that should help to collect data about the status
of the machine park, taking into account the downtime, overall equipment efficiency (OEE)
and etc.
Practical implications: The proposed model can be used in SME (small and medium
enterprises) in order to improve the productivity. The concept was tested in particular
company.
Originality/value: The KPI selection model combine different methodologies into one
general approach. Due to this fact, the process of finding right metrics can be reduced
significantly. The proposed approach allows saving resources for the research of metrics.
PROBLEM OF FOOD WASTE IN THE POLICIES OF THE EUROPEAN
UNION FOOD SECURITY
Authors: Biernat-Jarka Agnieszka , Trębska Paulina
Published: August 2017

The aim of the paper was to present initiatives which leads the European Union in the framework of food safety policy in
the area of preventing and reducing levels of food waste. These activities take place both at national, regional and local level in
the EU. Food waste occurs in each stage of growing raw materials and production to the consumption. The scale of food waste
is huge. Approximately 140 billion tons of food is wasted every year in Europe today. This article reviews the literature in this
area and analysis of secondary sources from FAO and Eurostat.
FOOD SAFETY IN UKRAINE AND ITS FACTORS
Authors: Cherevko Heorhiy
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this paper is to present the main results of the study aimed to highlights and assess the level of food security of Ukraine and the factors that shape it. Based on this to identify key steps to create conditions for increasing this level. Evaluation of food security indicators was carried out using internationally recognized Global Food Security Index. Identified trends in total income and food price dynamics are negative, since even with increasing incomes purchasing power of the Ukrainian population remains the lowest in Europe, while the share of expenditure on food in the general expenses – the highest. Structure of nutrition in Ukraine is unbalanced, and its level – insufficient. Revealed deterioration of food security in almost all fundamental indicators. It makes sense to consider the two main directions to achieve the necessary level of food security: ensuring food supply in the required quantities; achievement of selfsupplying by agricultural products.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FROM
THE PERSPECTIVE OF YOUNG FARMERS IN THE HOMOKHÁTSÁG
REGION
Authors: Koszegi Iren Rita
Published: August 2017

It could be stated of the European Union member states that the proportion of workers in agriculture
is steadily declining which in addition is coupled with a low proportion of young farmers. The
issue of young farmers and sustainability is a top priority in the strategy “Europe 2020: Smart, Sustainable
and Inclusive Growth”, as the importance of young people’s involvement and environmental protection is
indispensable to the future of agriculture. In my research, I look at the young farmers of the Homokhátság
(Sand Ridge) region of Hungary searching for answers to the challenges young farmers face today in
these special areas. How do they deal with environmental protection, how does their farming influence
the problem of aridification?
PRODUCTION AND TRADE OF DUCK PRODUCTS IN GLOBAL VIEW
Authors: Molnar Szilvia
Published: August 2017

Duck typically represents a smaller proportion in the poultry meat production of the world.
However, certain European, as well as Eastern and South Asian countries produce a significant amount of
duck meat. In the recent decades, production significantly increased both in these regions and worldwide.
This study focuses on the international situation of the duck sector, as well as changes in production and
trade trends. In addition, RCA indexes were used to examine the comparative advantages of duck meat
and meat products in the world market of waterfowl products in the case of the most significant exporting
countries of the world. It can be concluded that even though certain exporting countries have various
trade and competitive advantages in the case of different products, other regions must face disadvantages.
SELECTED FORMS OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOUR OF MEMBERS IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS WITH A DISABLED PERSON
Authors: Siedlecka Agnieszka , Żbikowski Jarosław , Kuźmicki Marek
Published: August 2017

All subjects that exist in a given economic system show to a greater or lesser degree various forms of economic behaviour. The main aim of this study is to analyze selected forms of economic behaviour in rural households with disabled people. In particular, the author presents a thorough analysis of ways of generating income by people living in such households. Taking into consideration the spatial scope of the research, it seems legitimate to assume that work in agriculture the predominant source of income in the analyzed households. Another hypothesis formulated in this study is the assumption that the sources of income in households with a disabled person are determined by the degree of disability and the period of legal disability status granted in a medical certificate. In order to verify the hypothesis, the author conducted survey studies of 5000 households with disabled people. The analysis allowed for a positive verification of only the second hypothesis.
THE COMPETITIVE POSITION OF POLISH AGRICULTURAL FARMS WITH
THE CONSIDERATION OF AGRICULTURAL TYPES
Authors: Ziętara Wojciech
Published: August 2017

The paper presents the competitive position of Polish farms covered by the Polish FADN system in the years 2008-
2014. Competitive assessments were made for the following types of agricultural holdings specialized in: field crops
(various crops), cereals, oily and high protein crops, vegetable crops, fruit trees, milk production and pig farming. The
competitive position of the examined farms was determined by the W. Kleinhanss’ competitiveness index distinguishing
competing and competitive farms.
THE IMPACT OF THE SELECTED INSTRUMENTS OF THE COMMON
AGRICULTURAL POLICY ON CHANGES IN THE LAND RESOURCES
OF THE SMALL FARMS FROM MAŁOPOLSKA PROVINCE
Authors: Żmija Dariusz
Published: August 2017

The aim of the study was to identify and evaluate the changes in land resources of small farms in the
Małopolskie Province in the years 2004-2015 which were a result of using of selected CAP instruments.
In the light of the results of the research, it should be noted that the examined CAP instruments had a
relatively small impact on the size of land area. Less than one fifth of the respondents made changes in
the land resources. Considering only farms that have increased their area it can be stated that the area
of agricultural land of these farms increased by 3.7%. This situation is not favorable, especially in the
situation of large agrarian fragmentation of farms in Małopolskie Province.
Lipman i Kołakowski: wychowawcze przesłanie ich koncepcji etycznych
Authors: Pobojewska Aldona
Published: August 2017

Already at the preliminary stage of the analysis the convergence of the ethical positions
of the M. Lipman’s “Philosophy for Children” educational program and the views presented
by Leszek Kołakowski in the essay “Ethics without Codex” is visible. The common, dominant
feature of both of them is the rejection in the moral conduct of an attitude characterised by
the desire to have a moral code, whereas they justify their anti-code stance in mostly the same
way. The author briefly sketches these arguments and present the requirements that a moral
subject who does not follow the code must fulfil. Finally, the author of the article indicates
the character of moral education postulated by both authors considered here.
Taniec w pedagogice przygody. Rekonesans w literaturze
Authors: Palamer-Kabacińska Ewa
Published: August 2017

Outdoor and adventure education is an increasingly popular trend in education in Poland – nowadays
it is manifested mainly in practical forms and only in non-formal education. In Western Europe
and the USA, with developed research methodology and a long tradition, this trend can be called
science. Outdoor and adventure education is a heterogeneous sphere, but it has several elements
that are at the heart of the adventure education method. One of its main assumptions is working
with a specific “adventure medium” through which the intended goals are achieved. The most
popular are outdoor sports and tourism, but more and more often new means are used, for example
those derived from the arts. It is manifested mostly in practical activities (which is natural, as this
field developed out of practice, and its theoretical and research background was created later).
The use of arts is two-dimensional. The first dimension is based on visual arts (handicraft, painting),
most often linked to outdoor education, and their main goal is to build relationships with nature. The
second, less popular dimension, focuses on the use of body expression (theatre, dance, movement).
In Poland, this trend is not yet known, whereas in Western countries there have appeared some
articles showing the value of using arts in this area of education. The purpose of this article is to
show how arts, and body expression in particular, may be used in outdoor and adventure education
activities.
The Color of Drinking Water: Class, Race, Ethnicity, and Safe Drinking Water Act Compliance
Authors: Switzer David , Teodoro Manuel P.
Published: August 2017

National utility data show Safe Drinking Water Act violations are greater in low‐income communities with higher black and Hispanic populations.
SINTESIS OF 2-HIDROXY-5-ARYLALKYLACETOFENONE ОN THE BASIS OF PRODUCT OF PHENOL REACTION WITH THE COMPONENTS OF FRACTION 130-190 C PIROLYSIS PRODUCTS
Authors: Majidov Emin A. , Chalyshkan Mekhmet M. , Bagirzade Rena Z. , Kuliev Fuad V. , Rasulov Chingiz K.
Published: August 2017

The results of arylalkylation of phenol with components of fraction 130-190 °C of pyrolysis products in the presence of KU-23 catalyst and the influence of various parameters on the yield and selectivity of the desired product are presented. Optimal conditions for the synthesis of p-aryl-alkylphenol are found. The reaction temperature was varied from 80 to 140 °C, the reaction time was 2 to 8 hours, the molar ratio of phenol to the fraction of 130-190 °C of pyrolysis products was from 1:1 to 1:3 mol/mol, the amount of catalyst from 4 to 15 %. It was found that the interaction of phenol with FLPP in the presence of KU-23 catalyst proceeds with the formation of p-substituted arylalkylphenol. It was determined that the reaction of arylalkylation of phenol with FLPP proceeds mainly with four components of the fraction. Chromatographic studies of FLPP before and after the phenol arylalkylation reaction showed that, mainly (91.5%), unsaturated hydrocarbons enter the reaction (styrene, α-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, indene). In this case, the concentration of styrene in the FLPP after the reaction decreases from 33.65% to 3.78%, i.e. an obtained p-aryl-alkylphenol consisted of 95.0% p-α-methylbenzylphenol. Insofar as from unsaturated hydrocarbons FLPP mainly consists of 33.65% styrene, 6.15% α-methyl-styrene, 7.02% vinyltoluene, 4.85% indene, the reaction of the alkylation going with them. It is shown that under optimal conditions, the yield of the target p-arylalkylphenol is 74.7% of the theory, and the selectivity is 92.3%. On the basis of p-arylalkylphenol and acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-5-arylalkylacetophenon was synthesized and tested as a photostabilizer of polystyrene. It is shown that under optimal conditions, the yield of the target p-arylalkylphenol is 74.7% of the theory, and the selectivity is 92.3%. Physicochemical parameters of synthesized p-arylalkylphenol and 2-hydroxy-5-arylalkylacetophenone were determined. The use of arylalkylacetophenone as an inhibitor that increases the antioxidant stability of the polystyrene, used under both thermal and solar radiation, is proposed.For citation:Majidov E.A., Chalyshkan M.M., Bagirzade R.Z., Kuliev F.V., Rasulov Ch.K. Sintesis of 2-hidroxy-5-arylalkylacetofenone оn the basis of product of phenol reaction with the components of fraction 130-190 °C pirolysis products. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 7. P. 57-65.
A Systematic Reservoir Simulation Study on Assessing the Feasibility of CO2 Sequestration in Shale Gas Reservoir with Potential Enhanced Gas Recovery
Authors: Zhan Jie , Yuan Qingwang , Fogwill Allan , Cai Hua , Hejazi Hossein , Chen Zhangxin , Cheng Shiqing
Published: August 2017

The application of horizontal well drilling coupled with the multistage fracturing technology enables commercial development of shale gas formations, which launches the energy revolution from conventional resources to unconventional resources. With the progress of understanding the nature of shale reservoirs, we find that some shale methane is stored as an adsorbed phase on surfaces of organic carbon. Meanwhile, laboratory and theoretical calculations indicate that organic-rich shale adsorbs CO2 preferentially over CH4. Shale gas reservoirs are recently becoming the promising underground target for CO2 sequestration. In the paper, systematic numerical simulations will be implemented to investigate the feasibility of CO2 sequestration in shale gas reservoirs and quantify the associated uncertainties.

First, a multi-continua porous medium model will be set up to present the matrix, nature fractures and hydraulic fractures in shale gas reservoirs. Based on this model, we will investigate a three-stage flow mechanism which includes convective gas flow mainly in fractures, dispersive gas transport in macro pores and multi-component sorption phenomenon in micro pores. To deal with this complicated three-stage flow mechanism simultaneously, analytical apparent permeability which includes slip flow and Knudsen diffusion will be incorporated into a commercial simulator CMG-GEM. A Langmuir isotherm model is used for CH4 and the multilayer sorption gas model, a BET model, is implemented for CO2. In addition, a mixing rule is introduced to deal with the CH4-CO2 competitive adsorption phenomenon.

In the paper, an integrated methodology is provided to investigate the CO2 sequestration process. Simulation results indicate that a shale gas reservoir is an ideal target for the CO2 sequestration. Even with the reservoir pressure maintenance due to the injection of CO2, the reservoir productivity is not enhanced. Hydraulic fracking which creates freeways for gas flow is the key to improve the reservoir performance. The multicomponent desorption/adsorption is a very important feature in a shale gas reservoir, which should be fully harnessed to benefit the CO2 sequestration process. In addition, we cannot ignore the contribution of slip flow and diffusion to the reservoir performance. Based on the methodology provided in this paper, we can easily deal with the apparent permeability effect using a commercial simulator platform.
The Inorganic Precipitation By CO2 and High Salinity Formation Water
Authors: Yuan Zhou , Liao Xinwei , Zhang Kuaile , Chen Zhiming
Published: August 2017

Carbon dioxide is commonly injected during secondary or tertiary recovery to enhanced oil recovery. While CO2 can also cause some precipitation damage. Usually scale ions (Ca2+, Mg2+) in water react with CO2 to form solid precipitation that can plug the pores. In this report, CO2 is injected into the high salinity formation water, which makes the problem of inorganic precipitation by reaction with scale ions. A number of static experiments have been conducted about various reservoir pressures and temperatures when the pH and scale ions content changes in a high temperature high pressure Reactor. Thus, the aim of this report is to determine how the presence of inorganic precipitation during CO2 injections and the factors affecting the amount of CO2 with high salinity water generating inorganic precipitation. Results from XPS and SEM images of precipitation are also provided. The results indicate that there are three stages in the reaction between carbon dioxide and high salinity formation water, and the third stage with high temperature or low pressure produced precipitation is the most important. PH less than 7 can still produce precipitation. The larger the PH and the scale of the ion content, the more precipitation; at first with low temperature or high pressure, and then with the high temperature or low pressure produced the largest amount of precipitation.

1. Introduction

CO2 flooding technology is an important technology developed in the 1980s, which has been widely paid attention to by all countries in the world [1]. However, compared with oil, gas and other geologic fluids, CO2 is an active gas, and when it was injected into the ground, it is very easy to react with the formation of fouling ions in stratum water to produce precipitation and eventually change the physical and chemical properties of the reservoir [2]. Especially, the change of reservoir permeability will seriously affect the underground storage capacity of CO2 [3], so it is necessary to study and discuss the CO2 and formation water interaction.
Performance Improvement of CO2-EOR By Production Control in a Heterogeneous 3D Model: Experimental and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Zhao Fenglan , Hao Hongda , Wang Zhixing , Hou Jirui , Fu Zhongfeng , Li Wenfeng , Wang Peng , Zhang Meng , Lu Guoyong , Lv Guangzhong
Published: August 2017

CO2-EOR is an effective technology for reducing CO2 emissions while enhancing oil recovery in ultra-low permeability reservoir, which has been performed in Shengli Oil Field, China since 2013 with cumulative CO2 injection of 12588 t by 2016. However, the area heterogeneity of reservoir resulted in serious gas channeling and poor production performance. Performance control methods including sweeping area regulation, differential pressure control and real-time producing regulation were proposed to enlarge sweeping area and improve CO2 utilization in areal heterogenous reservoir. 3D physical models of areal heterogeneity and five-spot pattern were utilized in the laboratory. Conventional CO2 flooding, sweeping area regulation, differential production pressure control and real-time producing regulation were conducted respectively in the 3D models, and the flooding efficiency was evaluated through oil recovery increments and changes of performance curves. Corescale numerical modeling was also built to study the profile improvements of CO2 flooding by the performance control methods.

Experimental and numerical simulation results showed that CO2 was displaced unevenly in the areal heterogeneous reservoir, leaving plenty of oil remained in the relatively high and relatively low permeability area. The oil recovery of CO2 flooding in areal heterogenous reservoir can be doubled by performance control methods of sweeping area regulation, differential pressure control or real-time producing regulation. The remaining oil in relatively low permeability area can be effectively displaced by sweeping area regulation, while both larger sweeping area and better CO2 flooding profile can be achieved by differential pressure control and real-time producing regulation. Higher productivity of individual well can be obtained in the early and middle stage of CO2 flooding by differential pressure control, while similar oil & gas production performance and longer displacement period of CO2 injection can be achieved by real-time producing regulation. The performance improvement of CO2 flooding by performance control methods provided a feasible technical strategy for enhancing oil recovery of areal heterogeneous reservoir in the oil field under the condition of a lower oil price.
Complexité et créativité : émergence, stabilité et dynamiques des collectifs
Authors: Ancori Bernard
Published: August 2017

Dans le cadre d’un modèle formel de la structure et de l’évolution d’un réseau sociocognitif complexe d’acteurs individuels, cet article analyse les conditions d’émergence, de stabilisation et de disparition de collectifs, i.e. de groupes organisés et stables d’acteurs individuels, qui se comportent comme autant de sujets dotés d’intentionnalité – de sujets pluriels.

Le socle cognitif de chacun de ces derniers étant formé de représentations partagées par l’ensemble de ses membres, l’émergence de tels collectifs implique l’apparition de telles représentations. Cette apparition représente un premier phénomène créatif, immédiatement collectif, lié à la dimension extensive de l’apprentissage individuel lors de la communication sociale. La stabilisation progressive de tels collectifs résulte alors de la dimension intensive de cet apprentissage, réalisée simultanément à sa dimension extensive, et qui débouche sur l’apparition de routines cognitives. Ces dernières s’effacent parfois du niveau conscient des sujets individuels, et ainsi parfaitement ancrées, elles deviennent invisibles pour les collectifs de pensée concernés, qui se trouvent de ce fait pleinement stabilisés.

Chaque état du réseau contient une constellation de tels collectifs de tailles et de vocations diverses, mais dont certains poursuivent un même objectif. Ils entrent alors en concurrence du fait d’être centrés sur un objet commun que chacun d’eux voudrait gérer seul après avoir éliminé l’(les) autre(s) collectif(s) concerné(s). L’analyse de cette dynamique concurrentielle détaille les conditions de la suprématie de l’un des collectifs concernés sur l’autre (ou sur les autres). C’est alors le paysage de l’ensemble des collectifs qui se trouve modifié au terme toujours provisoire d’une telle dynamique, et se manifeste ainsi une seconde forme de créativité, cette fois-ci au niveau du réseau global.
Annual variation in size and reproductive phenology of the red alga Chondracanthus canaficufatus (Harvey) Guiry at Punta San Isidro, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Garcia-Lepe MG , Ballesteros-Grijalva G , Zertuche-Gonzalez JA , Chee-Barragan A
Published: August 2017

An intertidal population of Chondracanthus canaliculatus (Harvey) Guiry, a commercial carrageenophyte, was studied monthly from February 1993 to February 1994 on the northwestern coast of Baja California, Mexico. The thallus size (measured as maximum frond length) and the presence of cystocarps and tetrasporangial sori were determined for each sample of 450 thalli randomly collected at monthly intervals. The maximum average thallus size of 25.02 cm was recorded in June and the minimum average size of 11.22 cm was recorded in October. Size classes 4 to 8 (10 to 19.9 cm) were dominant throughout the year, except in June and July when size classes 10 to 14 (22 to 31.9 cm) reached their greatest values. We therefore propose class 8 as the minimum harvest size. There were two periods with high growth rates: the first in June and July in the larger size classes and the second in December and January in the smaller size classes. Cystocarpic thalli were more abundant in colder months (November to April) and tetrasporic thalli in warmer months (May to October). There is a high percentage of immature plants, so it is necessary to develop a method to determine the haploid or diploid characteristics of this alga.
Range extension of brachyuran crabs along the Baja California coast, Mexico (Crustacea: Decapoda)
Authors: Campos E , López G
Published: August 2017

The study of brachyuran crabs collected from intertidal areas of the upper Gulf of California and the west coast of the Baja California peninsula, at Tortugas Bay, Baja California Sur, has produced a northern range extension for the following species: Hemus fineganae Garth, 1958; Microphrys platysoma (Stimpson, 1860); Eriphia squamata Stimpson, 1859; Xanthodius sternberghii Stimpson, 1859; Uca princeps princeps (Smith, 1870); and Euphylax robustus A. Milne-Edwards, 1874. We present each species and include an analysis of their previous distribution, habitat, new localities and, in some cases, notes on the breeding period.
Historical review of the billfish management in the Mexican Pacific
Authors: Sosa-Nishizaki O
Published: August 2017

Off the Mexican Pacific coast, high catch rates are found for striped marlin, sailfish and swordfish, and to a lesser extent for blue marlin and black marlin, making this area an important fishing ground for commercial and sport-fishing fisheries. This paper focuses on the development of the billfish fisheries and their management in the Pacific waters of Mexico. Three periods are described: (1) 1900–1959, (2) 1960–1989 and (3) 1990 to the present. During the period of 1900 to 1959, sport fishing began to develop, resulting in important tourist resorts. A system of fishing permits for this incipient fishery went into forte. Also during this period, Mexico established a territorial sea jurisdiction of 9 nautical miles. From 1960 to 1989, commercial fishing for billfish began in Mexico, with the arrival of the Japanese tuna longline fishery, where billfishes were taken as by-calch. Then, with the establishment of the 200-nautical-mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), Mexico developed its own longline fishery at the beginning of 1980. Because of the fishing interactions between the sport and commercial fisheries, efforts to manage both fisheries were undertaken. At the beginning of the third period (1990 to the present), the commercial fishing for marlin and sailfish in Mexico was prohibited and only commercial fishing for swordfish is allowed today. Recently, a plan for the development of the sport fishery was published, and regulations on bag limits and fishing gear were established. Although billfish are highly migratory species, Mexico asserted its right to manage this species unilaterally in its EEZ. The sport-fishing industry represents a high value input to its economy, but only operates within the fírst 50 nautical miles of its EEZ. The lack of patrol, enforcement and presence of commercial fishermen offshore has resulted in some illegal fishing activities by foreign fishing vessels.
Demography of the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758), in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Márquez-Farias F , Castillo-Géniz JL , Rodríguez de la Cruz MC
Published: August 2017

The bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, is one of the most abundant species in catches from the Gulf of Mexico, particularly from Campeche. It is mainly caught with gill nets and it is available throughout the year. A demographic analysis was carried out, incorporating the best available information about its life history, such as age at first maturity, fecundity, longevity, sex ratio (1:1) and age-specific natural mortality. The age and growth data used come from northern individuals of the Gulf of Mexico. The first run was done to obtain the demographic parameters under natural conditions. Other simulations varying age at first capture and incorporating fishing mortality were made to estimate the rate of change of the net reproductive rate (R0), generation time, intrinsic rate of increase and doubling time. Using an age-structured dynamic model, R0 was projected until the year 2010. The results of the simulations showed that S. tiburo has a higher reproductive potential than other sharks. This analysis will allow us to establish the management strategies for the fishery.