bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PELATIHAN BAHASA INGGRIS BAGI STAF DINAS PARIWISATA KABUPATEN TABANAN
Authors: Indriani K. S. , Rahayuni N. K.S. , Widiastuti N. M.A. , Qomariana Y.
Published: June 2022

English is an international language which is important in the tourism sector. English is used not only as a means of communication but also as a means of improving the quality of tourism services. Tourists satisfaction can be increased, one of which is by increasing the language skills of the human resources involved in the sector. If the quality of human resources involved in the tourism sector is successfully improved, the level of tourist satisfaction can also be increased. Given the importance of English for the tourism sector, Udayana Service Program (Program Udayana Mengabdi) in the form of English training for Government Tourism Office of Tabanan Regency staff was carried out in order to improve the quality of the human resources, especially in English skills. The training material provided is in the form of English for Tourism which is tailored to the English needs of the trainees. This English training is a form of community service carried out by LP3M Udayana University as an effort to support the program of the Government Tourism Office of Tabanan Regency.
PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING PRODUK GULA AREN KEMASAN MELALUI PENGHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI PADA UKM MUTIARA MERAH PUPUAN TABANAN
Authors: Dewi I.A. L. , Kusmiyarti T. B. , Pradnyawathi N. L. , Wrasiati L. P.
Published: June 2022

Kegiatan pendampingan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan KUB Mutiara Merah Kecamatan Pupuan Kabupaten Tabanan dalam menentukan harga jual gula aren bentuk silinder.  Metode  pelaksanaan kegiatan dalam bentuk pelatihan  dan  pendampingan  meliputi pembukuan  usaha sederhana, menghitung harga pokok produksi gula silinder per periode produksi, dan pengendalian  biaya  produksi.  Hasil    kegiatan menunjukkan    bahwa kegiatan penyuluhan diikuti oleh 100% anggota mitra dan pada kegiatan tersebut 50% anggota mitra telah memahami pentingnya perbaikan cetakan produk untuk meningkatkan daya saing, 40% mengerti tentang pentingnya pengemasan produk. Kegiatan pelatihan, 50% peserta sudah trampil menerapkan SOP produksi gula dengan tipe cetakan baru (introduksi), dan sebanyak 10 % sudah mampu menghitung harga pokok produksi. Harga pokok produksi Rp.  8.139 per pcs, sementara harga jual Rp. 10.000 per pcs sehingga terdapat margin keuntungan sebesar Rp 1.861 per pcs. Keuntungan 4000 pcs gula aren bentuk silinder sebesar Rp. 7.444.000,- Kata kunci: Harga pokok produksi, harga jual, peningkatan penjualan, daya saing
PROFIL BIBIT SAPI BALI YANG TERSERTIFIKASI DI PUSAT PEMBIBITAN SAPI BALI UNGGUL (PPSBU) GEROKGAK KABUPATEN BULELENG
Authors: Suwiti N. K. , Suartha I. N. , Inggriati N. W.T. , Besung I. N.K. , Heryani L.G. S.S. , Sriyani N. L.P.
Published: June 2022

Kecamatan Gerokgak Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali telah ditetapkan oleh Direktorat Jendral Peternakan Kementrian Pertanian sebagai Pusat Pembibitan Sapi Bali Unggul (PPSBU). Jumlah populasi sapi di Kabupaten Buleleng sebanyak 121.000 ekor, dan 42.000 ekor ada di Kecamatan Gerokgak. Rerata masyarakat memelihara sapi bali 3-4 ekor per keluarga. Sapi tersebut kualitasnya belum diketahui, sehingga perlu dilakukan sertifikasi melalui Lembaga Sertifikasi Produk (Ls-Pro) Benih dan Bibit Sapi Bali, Direktorat Jendral Peternakan Kementrian Pertanian. Kegiatan diawali dengan melakukan pengukuran terhadap 50 ekor sapi bali yang ada di PPSBU Grokgak, dan dikelompokkan  ke dalam grade. Sapi bali yang termasuk grade I, dilakukan uji PCR penyakit Jembrana sebagai syarat pengajuan sertifikasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan,  56% sapi bali dikelompokkan ke dalam grade I, 30% grade II dan sebanyak 14% grade III.  Sepuluh ekor (20%) bibit sapi bali di PPSBU Gerokgak diajukan sertifikasi.
PELATIHAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SECARA VIRTUAL DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Tamrin A. F. , Parwoto Parwoto
Published: June 2022

Media pembelajaran merupakan hal yang penting dalam proses pembelajaran. Meski demikian, dalam penggunaannya seringkali diabaikan oleh pengajar dengan berbagai alasan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan pendampingan untuk melatih guru-guru PAUD dalam membuat media pembelajaran interaktif. Peserta pengabdian merupakan guru-guru PAUD kurang lebih 5 orang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Kegiatan pendampingan dilaksanakan sebanyak lima kali pertemuan dengan melakukan penyajian materi kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pelatihan pembuatan media pembelajaran interaktif. Kesimpulan pelaksanaan yang dilakukan dapat memberikan pengetahuan baru kepada para guru dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran dan menggunakan teknologi dalam proses pembelajaran. Media pembelajaran yang dihasilkan berupa video dan buku bergambar yang dapat menarik perhatian siswa-siswa untuk belajar mandiri.
PENINGKATAN MINAT BELAJAR AKSARA BALI MELALUI MEDIA INTERAKTIF BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DI LINGKUNGAN PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Wibawa K. S. , Buana P. W. , Bayupati I. P. A. , Sukarsa M.
Published: June 2022

The influence of culture and foreign languages that enter to the life of local communities makes the use of regional languages and scripts increasingly shifting in the lives of Balinese people especially in this information technology era. Information technology media based on augmented reality applications on smartphones can be used as alternative learning media. the availability of smart phones and the habits of elementary school age children in playing gadgets can be used as tools to encourage children's interest in learning Balinese script. The method of playing while learning is an effective method to develop the desire to learn Balinese script. An interactive learning model by combining three-dimensional animation and sound (Augmented Reality) can make elementary school-aged children interested in playing and practicing it. The application also provides examples of the use of characters in a word and the use of pasang-pageh with their explanations.
KAMPANYE PEMILAHAN LIMBAH RUMAH TANGGA DI KELURAHAN SUKAMAJU KECAMATAN SAKO PALEMBANG
Authors: Mahdiana Y. , Santoso B. , , Ibrahim , . Lisdiana
Published: June 2022

Sampah adalah barang bekas pakai yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan dan mengancam kelangsungan ekosistem makhluk hidup. Timbulan sampah atau limbah yang tidak dikelola akan berpotensi menjadi senyawa beracun dan berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Sebaliknya, apabila ditangani dengan baik maka sampah dapat memberikan manfaat ekonomis.  Penanganan sampah tidak hanya menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah namun juga masyarakat. Tujuan kegiatan kampanye ini adalah untuk mengubah  pola pikir dan perilaku masyarakat di Kelurahan Sukamaju, Palembang dalam penanganan sampah rumah tangga, terutama terkait dengan pemilahan sampah organik dan anorganik. Kegiatan kampanye dilakukan dalam 4 tahap, yaitu observasi, sosialisasi, pemberian bantuan, dan pemantauan-evaluasi. Secara umum, warga Kelurahan Sukamaju telah menyadari bahwa sampah rumah tangga sebaiknya dipilah berdasarkan jenis. Namun, hasil pantauan menunjukkan bahwa bantuan tempat sampah gandeng yang diberikan oleh tim pengabdi belum dimanfaatkan secara baik. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan kampanye idealnya dilakukan secara periodik dan berkelanjutan disertai dengan upaya lain berupa pembuatan bank sampah dan pelatihan keterampilan produksi untuk mengolah sampah menjadi barang yang memiliki nilai ekonomis.
PEMBERDAYAAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA MELALUI PROGRAM “AYO SIAPKAN BEKAL SEKOLAH” UNTUK MENINGKATKAN GIZI ANAK SEKOLAH DI BANJAR TEMBUKU BAKAS BANGLI
Authors: Suwandewi N.M. A. , Savitri N.L.P. N. , Dewi N.K.S. P. , Damayanti N.K. A. , Adhi K. T.
Published: June 2022

Salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Bali yang masih mengalami permasalahan gizi bersifat akut dan kronis adalah Kabupaten Bangli. Angka kejadian gizi kurang siswa sekolah dasar diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Tembuku I memiliki prevalensi yang cukup tinggi yaitu 28%. “Ayo Siapkan Bekal Sekolah Sehat” merupakan sebuah program yang disusun untuk menambah pengetahuan ibu tentang pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi anak usia sekolah. Program ini dilaksanakan di Banjar Tembuku Bakas, Bangli dengan sasaran ibu PKK usia 25-45 tahun atau yang memiliki anak usia sekolah. Metode yang digunakan pada program ini adalah metode learning by doing dengan bantuan media ajar berupa modul, poster maupun video edukasi dan tutorial memasak. Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank menunjukkan nilai p=0,002 (p<0,05), yang berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar ibu pada data pre-test dan pos-test. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan gizi dengan metode learning by doing berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan ibu mengenai gizi untuk anak sekolah di Banjar Tembuku Bakas, Bangli. Hasil evaluasi yang dilakukan secara daring melalui grup whatsapp menunjukkan ibu sudah mampu menyediakan menu bekal sekolah yang bergizi seimbang terdiri dari bahan pangan lokal dihasilkan di desa diikuti dengan penerapan anjuran dari visual isi piringku.
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN ‘BISIK SEKS’ BAGI ORANG DENGAN HIV DAN KONSELOR HIV DALAM MENGHADAPI TATANAN KEHIDUPAN ERA BARU DAMPAK COVID-19 DI KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Raya N. A. J. , Pramesemara I. G. N. , Nugraha M. H. S. , Wirata G.
Published: June 2022

Everyone needs protect their immunity in the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, people with HIV have a weak immune system if they are not disciplined in taking antiretrovirals. Specific information about caring for and taking care of themselves in the new normal era as the impact of COVID-19 for people with HIV is needed. The purpose of this community service is to provide education on how to maintain physical fitness and sexual health for people with HIV and HIV counselors in the limited access of information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implementation of this activity was in the form of lecture method, giving information and discussion session, as well as pre-test and post-test which be held on August 14, 2021 virtually using Zoom application. The results of the pre-test and post-test analysis of 40 participants with the Wilcoxon test found that there was an effect of providing knowledge after being given health education (p = 0,000; Z = -4,508). The score of good knowledge level increased from 7.5% to 42.5% and the poor knowledge level decreased from 32.5% to 0%. The conclusions and implications of this community service activity are that there is an increase in knowledge that can be implemented in daily life, so that the immune, body condition, and sexual health of people with HIV remain fit and healthy. The information obtained in this activity can be forwarded by HIV counselor in assisting clients with HIV.
SOSIALISASI DAN PELATIHAN SENAM OTAK PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS AKADEMIS
Authors: Wibawa A. , K. Saraswati N.L.P. G. , Andayani N.L. N. , Kinandana G. P.
Published: June 2022

Brain Gym or Brain Gym is a touch that can stimulate the work and functioning of the brain optimally. Balanced right and left brain activity supports good academic quality of students. The existence of online learning during this pandemic causes the use of gadgets as the only solution for students. The impact of gadget dependence is said to be quite disturbing, including a decrease in short-term memory, static balance to a decrease in children's academic achievement. Based on these problems, community service was carried out with solutions: (1) educational policy on the use of gadgets for children, (2) examination of short-term memory and static balance, and (3) giving brain gym exercises to teachers and students. . The socialization of brain gymnastics is carried out using a hybrid method, namely direct face-to-face presentations to teachers and students through online media. Meanwhile, at the stage of measuring short-term memory and static balance carried out to 52 students. The results of static balance are dominated by the above-average balance category, while in short-term memory the good category is obtained. In short-term memory the average score of students reached (9.88 ± 2.76), while in balance the average score of students reached (29.29 ± 5.80).

Keywords: brain gym, short term memory, balance, students
MESIN BRIKET SAMPAH ORGANIK SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF SUMBER ENERGI BIOMASSA MENUJU LINGKUNGAN BERSIH: PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Kandou S.B.T. , Hutapea J.N. , Putra I.G.N.A.A.M. , Gunawan I.G.N.W. , Ndabung A.F. , Komaladewi A.A.I.A.S.
Published: June 2022

Integrated Waste Processing Site (TPST) 3R Werdhi Guna, District of Klungkung has a large quantity of solid waste for about 1 ton per day, which the waste processing method is still depending on waste burning. This creates dangerous smoke that affects surrounding environment. Refers to that, this social empowerment is done to educate partners in order to utilize organic waste into briquettes as an energy source. This empowerment program will be carried out in six stages: occupational health & safety and waste sorting training, waste composting training, waste cropping training, briquette standardization, waste briquetting training, and training on the application of briquettes towards traditional stove. The pre-test and post-test are used as benchmarks for competency of waste processing theory, while practical competencies are proven through the production of organic waste briquettes produced by briquette machine. The results obtained were an increase in the test value of 70.5% and 150 kg of produced briquette with calorific value of 4054.86 cal/gr.
MEMORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN THE INTERNET SPACE OF RUSSIAN SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Korobitsyna L. V.
Published: June 2022

Being one of the most tragic pages in the history of Russia, World War II left a colossal mark in the memory of the Russian people, combining such conflicting feelings as grief over irreparable losses and the joy of victory. The article is devoted to the most modern forms of preserving the memory of the events of the Great Patriotic War in the modern Russian Internet space. Using statistical data of user activity on the Internet in 2022, the author examines the most popular social networks operating in the Russian Federation and analyzes current trends in the development of modern commemoration practices and ways of forming and preserving collective memory. In particular, the article discusses such Internet platforms as VKontakte and Yandex Zen, where there is significant user activity in maintaining various communities and channels dedicated to the history of the Great Patriotic War, as well as the so-called phenomenon of the mass “flash mob” of Victory Day. The article uses the approaches of the concept of historical memory, which makes it possible to comprehend the trends in the forms and practices of preserving the historical memory of the feat of the Russian people in the space of social networks. The author comes to the conclusion that the growing role and importance of the Internet and social networks in the life of modern society contribute to the fact that in the foreseeable future these resources will become the richest, if not the main, sources of information on the collective historical memory of the Great Patriotic War, as well as space for formation of new commemorative practices.
ALCOHOLIC POLICY OF THE SOVIET STATE IN THE 1920S IN THE PEASANTS' ASSESSMENTS
Authors: Shevchenko I. A.
Published: June 2022

The relevance of the study is due to the complex dynamics of alcohol consumption in Russia in recent decades, the traditionally high attention of society and the authorities to the issues of sobriety and drunkenness of the population of the country. The article is devoted to the analysis of how the policy of the Soviet government in the sphere of production and distribution of alcoholic beverages was refracted in the consciousness of the largest social group of the 1920s - the peasantry. The study provides assessments by the villagers of the peculiarities of state policy in this direction – the fight against moonshine, the establishment of a state monopoly on the sale of alcohol. Methodologically, the study is based on comparative historical and hermeneutic approaches. Among the sources involved are letters from peasants to authorities at various levels and the editorial offices of periodicals ("Peasant Newspaper"), as well as characteristics of the situation in the village from the Soviet state security agencies. The materials are quite subjective. Taken together, the documents make it possible to identify some general trends in the moods of rural inhabitants. For the most part, the peasants were skeptical of both the efforts of the authorities to combat domestic distilling and the establishment of a state wine monopoly. So, the authors of the reviews saw in the new course of drinking policy only the pursuit of fiscal interests by the administration. The article also concludes that there is no direct influence of public opinion on the vector of state alcohol policy, the specific features of which were determined by representatives of the Soviet government in accordance with plans for the implementation of the "Big Leap" in the 1930s, which required stable replenishment of the country's budget with monetary funds, including through the sale of state-owned alcoholic beverages to the population.
ARCHEOLOGY OF THE LOWER AMUR RIVER: TO THE STUDY OF THE SUKPAI ARTISTIC STYLE AMONG THE PETROGLYPHS OF THE AMUR AND USSURI
Authors: Lapshina Z. S.
Published: June 2022

Among the hundreds of archaeological sites in the lower reaches of the Amur basin, a special place belongs to the stones and rocks with ancient drawings. The rock art of the Lower Amur region has been studied since the sixties of the nineteenth century. Among the discoverers and researchers are the names of local historians and scientists. Systematic academic scientific research of petroglyphs monuments was carried out only 100 years later, in the sixties of the twentieth century, by Soviet archaeologists. The research source base (topography, description, tracing, scientific interpretation and publication of materials) was prepared by a team of employees of the Far Eastern Archaeological Expedition of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences under the leadership of A. P. Okladnikov. Pisanitsa on the Sukpai River in the Ussuri River basin is one of the new sites of rock art in the region, it was discovered in the 1980s by archaeologist V. I. Dyakov, an employee of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article offers the experience of studying the stylistic diversity of the Lower Amur rock art monuments, namely, the drawings of the Sukpai petroglyph, which predetermines its relevance. The novelty of the study is due to the fact that the article highlights the signs of the Sukpai artistic style, the extent of its distribution among the petroglyphs of the region and adjacent territories. To write the work, a wide range of research methods was used, including the method of analyzing scientific literature, the sources were scientific papers on the topic of the study. The result of the research: a) the distinctive features of the style of plots on the rock of the Sukpai River are highlighted; b) similar images were traced on the stones and rocks of the Sikachi-Alyan-Malyshevo site; c) substantiation of the identification of the Sukpai artistic style among the petroglyphs of the Lower Amur; d) the similarity of the drawings of the sukpai style with the plots of the shamanic thematic direction of the rock art monuments of the adjacent territories of Eastern Siberia, Yakutia, the Upper and Middle Amur Region, and Transbaikalia was traced.
CONFLICTS OF THE ADMINISTRATORS OF THE FORTRESS CITIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA IN THE 17th CENTURY: REASONS, MECHANISMS OF PERMISSION
Authors: Glazyev V. N.
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the study of conflicts among representatives of the administration of the fortress cities of the South of Russia in the 17th century. The causes and methods of conflict resolution are of great interest. These reasons demonstrate the specifics of the organization of management of the border region. In the border fortresses of Russia, conflicts arose very often. Governors, musketeer and Cossack heads, siege heads, elders constantly wrote complaints about their colleagues. Most often, the cause for disagreement was disobedience to the governor, insufficient division of functions, attempts by the governor to limit the powers of other officials. The contradictions of the local chiefs were sorted out in the Moscow orders. The central government carried out a search, identified and punished the perpetrators. The decisions taken on behalf of the king strengthened the authority of the supreme power, contributed to the stabilization of the internal situation in the southern outskirts of the state. The supreme arbiter of the local level was the governor, who often clashed with the local head. If the governor himself was a participant in the dispute, then he wrote a complaint to the Discharge with accusations against the other side. If there were no complaints from the other side, then a letter was sent to the city instructing the head to listen to the governor. If the accused party sent a reply explaining their actions, then a special detective was appointed to the city. In conflicts, insufficient delimitation of the powers of officials, subordination to various Moscow orders, and personal ambitions were manifested.
STUDY OF THE MANAGEMENT APPARATUS OF THE MOSCOW STATE IN THE XXI CENTURY
Authors: Rybalko N. V.
Published: June 2022

The study of the functioning of the prikaz apparatus in the person of the figures of the central departments – clerks, as well as employees of the administration offices at the local level – began at the end of the 18th century. To date, a fairly large layer of information has been accumulated both on the activities of the prikaz institutions themselves, and on their personal composition. But still a huge number of questions have no answers. At the end of 20th – beginning of the 21st century there has been a qualitative turn in the subject of historical research and in methods. In this regard, an assessment of the trends that have emerged in the past 20 years in the study of clerks as the most important social category of the Moscow state seems relevant. The typological method was used, which helps to recognize the individual characteristics and originality of each study in the general stream of historical thought, and the historical-systemic method, which involves identifying patterns and an integrated approach to the study of works within a specific topic. The article is based on the most significant studies on the history of the administrative office of the Moscow State in the 16th – 17th centuries, carried out from 2000 to 2021. As a result of the study, it can be concluded that the interest in the prikaz system of the Moscow state and its leaders is only growing. Now there is an opportunity to study the genealogy of clerical families, restore social origin and family ties, reconstruct personal and collective biographies, use interdisciplinary approaches from the field of psychology, cultural studies, and informatics. The digitalization of archival documents and the creation of open-type prosopographic databases will significantly speed up the processing and systematization of disparate data.
Public awareness of breast cancer risk factors and screening among women of the western region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Younes Alaa , Alsahafi Alwaleed , Gethami Abdulaziz , Dahan Mohammed , Alotaibi Mohammed , Althobaiti Ali , Alotaibi Khalid
Published: June 2022

Background: The most common cancer in women is breast cancer, affecting more than two million females per year. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of risk factors and screening recommendation for breast cancer among women in the western region of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This study was conducted among 360 women of the western region of Saudi Arabia who were older than 20 years. Women who had breast cancer were excluded. The study was conducted via a questionnaire that was developed based on a literature review and was filled by the participants.
Results: The mean score of knowledge of breast cancer risk factor was 4.78, which indicated that the level of breast cancer risk factors awareness was poor among women of the western region of Saudi Arabia. On the other hand, the mean score of knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening was 4.6. This mean score indicates that the level of awareness of breast cancer screening is good.
Conclusion: Based on the study's findings, more educational campaigns to raise awareness of breast cancer are recommended.
ICTs into mathematical instructions for meaningful teaching and learning
Authors:   Shangrila Internationa School, Chapagau, Nepal, Maharjan Mukesh , Dahal Niroj ,   Department of STEAM Education, School of Education, Kathmandu University, Hattiban, Lalitpur, Nepal, Pant Binod Prasad ,   Department of STEAM Education, School of Education, Kathmandu University, Hattiban, Lalitpur, Nepal
Published: June 2022

Mathematical illusions and concepts can be more easily visualized and understood with the help of information and communication technologies (ICT). On the contrary, ICT development in Nepali classrooms (from elementary school to university) moves glacially. This study examines the role of ICT tools in mathematics and their features and importance in promoting meaningful learning in mathematics. Based on the literature available, this study found that GeoGebra, Google SketchUp, and Microsoft Mathematics are excellent ICT tools for visualizing mathematical concepts, creating 3D models, and discovering solutions and graphical representations of more complex mathematical concepts and/or illusions. This study also demonstrates the importance of these ICT tools in promoting mathematics teaching and learning from elementary school to the university level. Incorporating the ICT tools mentioned above for teaching and learning mathematics has positively impacted students' achievement in mathematics.
Polymeric Materials for Scale Inhibition in Cooling Water Systems
Authors: Majeed Najwa S.
Published: June 2022

Calcium carbonate deposition is generally predominant in cooling water-circulating system. For the control of calcium carbonate, scale formation two types of polymeric scale inhibitors were used Polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate (PAPEMP) and polyacrylaminde (PAA).Model of cooling tower system have been built up in laboratory scale. Experiments were carried out using different inhibitor concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3) ppm, at water temperature of 40oC and flow rate of 150 l/hr. It was found that Polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate more effective than polyacryle amide’ as scale inhibitor in all used concentrations and the best inhibition efficiency (95%) was at (2.5) ppm of Polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate and (85%) with polyacryle amide at concentrations of (3) ppm.The performance of the polymeric scale inhibitors was compared with a method used to control heavy calcium carbonate scale forming by the deposition of sufficiently thin protective calcium carbonate scale using sulfuric acid and depending on Ryznar stability index controlling method.
Minimizing the Moisture Damage and Drain down of Iraqi SMA Mixtures Using Waste Additives
Authors: Al-Hadidy Ali , Hameed Ayman Talib
Published: June 2022

This research deals with the viability of using polyester fiber (PF), crumb rubber tire (CRT) and cellulose fiber (CF) as stabilizing waste additives in producing Iraqi SMA mixtures that sustain drain down phenomenon and moisture damage sensitivity. Different ratios of these additives (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% by weight of aggregate and filler) were mixed with 40/50 paving asphalt by means of dry process. Unmodified and modified SMA mixtures were subjected to drain down, Marshall, static indirect tensile strength, tensile stiffness modulus, static compressive strength, tensile strength ratio and index of retained strength tests. A set of regression equations between these tests were established. In addition, an optimization table based on these tests, which can be used to select the type or amount of additive for any field applications has been determined and reported. The results indicated that the inclusion of these additives in SMA mixtures could satisfy the performance requirement of high temperature and much rain zone.
Theoretical Study of the Compound Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
Authors: Mahammed Subhi S. , Yassen Tadahmun Ahmed , Khalaf Hameed Jassim
Published: June 2022

Theoretical design of compound parabolic trough solar collector (CPC) without tracking is presented in this work. The thermal efficiency is obtained by using FORTRAN 90 program. The thermal efficiency is between (60-67)% at mass flow rate between (0.02-0.03) kg/s at concentration ratio of (3.8) without need to tracking system. The total and diffused radiation is calculated for Tikrit city by using theoretical equations. Good agreement between present work and the previous work.
Distribution of Groundwater Quality Characteristics in Selected Areas in Ninevah Governorate by using Three Dimensions Contour Map
Authors: Shihab Abdulmehsin S. , Alabdraubaa Waled M. , Khalel Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Groundwater is considered one of the important water resources in the world. Due to rain shortage and the decrease of Tigris river discharge in the last years, wells excavation and groundwater use for different purposes had been increased without any planning. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the studies about groundwater quality in Ninevah governorate and define its suitability uses. Additionally, to identify the levels of some trace elements in it, twenty seven wells recently excavated were selected in the study area located south-east Mosul city of about an area of 1500km2. These wells were located in rural and urban areas of various activities: agricultural, industrial and residential. Water samples were collected each two months starting at December 2008 till June 2009. Physical tests were conducted including total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, as well chemical tests, which include pH, total hardness, positive ions: calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and negative ions: sulfates, nitrates, chlorides, in addition to some of trace element: lead, cadmium, zinc and copper using standard methods for water examination. The geological formation and stratigraphy of the area were described. The right side wells are located within Fatha formation while left side wells are located within Injana formation. Water quality data were statistically analyzed and the results showed significant difference among the wells for all the parameters. These are attributed to the variations geological formations within the study area between Fatha formation which contains gypsum and calcite which has the ability to dissolve in water, while Injana formation contains less amounts of such rocks. Three dimensions contour maps were drawn for water quality parameters and wells coordinate. They showed a clear view for water quality distribution in the area which can be a guide in the excavation of wells of better water quality.
Peasant reform of 1861 in N.A. Nekrasov's poem "Peddlers"
Authors: Wei Xinyi
Published: June 2022

N.A. Nekrasov's poem "Peddlers", written in the summer of 1861, reflected the poet's reflections on the peasant reform that was beginning (announced by the Manifesto on February 19, 1861). Contrary to the testimony of N.G. Chernyshevsky, Nekrasov's attitude to the reform was not completely negative. Realizing that in some aspects the conditions of the changes were unfair to the peasants, the poet nevertheless saw in the reform the beginning of positive changes – the movement towards capitalist, market relations. Describing the recent past, Nekrasov, using specific figures of traveling peddlers, models the situation of the market in which landlords and peasants act not as masters and slaves, but as buyers. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that, in the analysis, the author also relies on the achievements of the current methodology of the "new economic criticism". Nekrasov shows the Russian national character as not alien to the love of market relations, the situation of purchase and sale, consequently, the emerging new living conditions, as quite favorable for the development of Russia. The necessary conditions for this development to really take place in the right direction, in the direction of improving the lives of both the nobility and peasants, as seen from this analysis, are the absence of severe ruinous wars (like the Crimean one, during which the action of the poem was transferred) and the protection of the domestic market from the expansion of European goods.
The Influence of the Semiotic Type of Stimuli on the Extraction of Information from Language Consciousness
Authors: Kameneva V. A. , Rabkina N. V. , Potapova N. V. , Morozova I. S.
Published: June 2022

The contemporary communicative environment is mostly visual, which means that traditional linguistic techniques of concept formation studies have to be revised. The concept COVID-19 pandemic has been unfolding in the language consciousness of the global community for about three years. It is valuable material for a psycholinguistic experiment since it allows researchers to study the initial stage of concept formation, whereas associative experiments based on words that denote familiar phenomena or concepts are strongly affected by linguo-cultural environment. The present psycholinguistic experiment features a modified continuous associative test based on the concept COVID-19 with a total of 1,122 verbal reactions. The experiment consisted of three parts and involved 100 respondents. The first test featured the verbal stimulus “coronavirus infection (COVID-19)” and produced 356 reactions; the second one was based on a media-popularized image of the virus (380 reactions), and the third one introduced a combined visual-verbal stimulus (386), i.e. a picture and its verbal description. The obtained data were processed with the help of the semantic gestalt method developed by Yu. N. Karaulov. In the first test, featuring the verbal stimulus, the respondents tried to disclose the essence of the phenomenon, while in the second test the visual stimulus triggered associations with shape and appearance. The third visual-verbal stimulus produced more neutral reactions. These results confirm the assumption that the visual stimulus is mostly related to shape, color, texture, and other physical characteristics. The verbal stimulus evoking mostly negative associations, confirms the direct connection of the verbal stimulus and the essence of the phenomenon (the referent). So, the concept COVID-19 finds the following description in the linguistic worldview of Russian youth: coronavirus is a dangerous lethal disease that causes much fear, is characterized by fever, cough and loss of smell and can be prevented by such measures as wearing face masks, quarantine, self-isolation, social distancing, and using QR-codes. The virus resembles a planet, a ball, a flower or a fungus. The modified verbal-visual continuous associative test proved to have an increased information potential, which provides a greater amount of linguo-cognitive information than the conventional experiment based on a verbal stimulus.
Metaphoric Conceptualization of Translation and Translator in Para- and Metatexts: “dead” and “live” Metaphors
Authors: Solomonovskaya A. L.
Published: June 2022

Intellectual pursuits in general and in translation particularly cannot be conceptualized without resorting to metaphorical means relating this experience to more perceptible ones. In European languages the metaphor in question is TRANSLATION IS MOVEMENT / RELOCATION. The terms for translation in various European languages (translatio(n), traduction, perevod) all imply the idea of relocation of a physical object. Translatare and traducere, the latter introduced by Italian humanists, find parallels (prēlozhiti and prēvoditi respectively) in Slavic prologues of the period. Although its verbal realization is conventional and even trite now, this conceptual metaphor has survived in lexemes designating the agent, the process and the result of translation activity. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the terms used by several late antique, medieval, and modern translators in their prologues, epilogues, and metatexts on translation, and especially vivid metaphorical imagery that regularly appear in their texts. This fact must not be neglected by translation theory. All the constituents of translation process, namely, agents, source and target texts, translation method, the signifier (lesignifiant) and the signified (le signifié) in the translated text, the process of translation and the life of the translated text in a new culture are discussed metaphorically. The agent of the activity under study (translator) is mostly represented via the metaphor of a master’s (author’s) servant, although sometimes the relationship between the author and the translator is envisioned as a competition or even a conquest. The motivation behind translators’ endeavor is often discussed in terms of the monetary “talent” parable (where talentum is a unit of weight) quoted or alluded to by Aelfric in England and John the Exarch in Bulgaria in the 10th century and Marie de France and Theodosius from the Cave Monastery in Kiev two centuries later. The relationship between source and target texts is illustrated with an artistic metaphor, among others. The signified and the signifier in the text are often presented as a body and clothing or a jewel and its wrappings. The translation process is often shown as that of construction in medieval texts and work of machinery in modern ones. The life of the target text in its new surroundings is discussed through revitalizing the old metaphor of relocation (as the cargo of a ship unloaded onto a distant shore) or through various biological metaphors.
Frame, Gestalt and Image: Equivalence or Contiguity of Categorization?
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Dashinimaeva P. P.
Published: June 2022

The study deals with making a distinction between the terms “concept” and “notion”, on the one hand, “frame”, “gestalt” and “image”, on the other. The survey shows that the researchers are not unanimous in their opinion regarding both the typology of cognitive structures and their content. Relevant classifications indicate clearly that frame, gestalt and image are most regular categories, so, understanding their content, apart from their relationship to each other with-in the framework of modern linguistics, is of particular interest to us. In the study, these concepts are considered in the following ways: a relevant scientific source survey, term definitions, key features, illustrations, and comparative research to distinguish between the equivalence, proximity, and contiguity degrees of the characteristics revealed. Based on such a systemic analysis, it has been found that gestalt, image and frame are categories of the external world conceptualization distinguished on the basis of their structural, functional and semantic features. As a result, it concludes, the categories “frame”, “gestalt” and “image” might be considered as contiguous concepts.
Standard Comparison References for Verbs Meaning Negative Impact on the Object in the Yakut Language and Literature
Authors: Kharabaeva V. I.
Published: June 2022

Semantic studies of verbal lexemes as a special class of words that are significant and central in the sentence remain an urgent issue in modern linguistics. The article reveals the functioning of standards of comparison (the term introduced be Maya Cheremisina to denote common natural references used in comparative constructions to evaluate, estimate or grade the effect caused by an action) with the verbs meaning “negative impact on the object”. The study is based on the material of the Yakut language and literature. The paper uses a lexico-semantic approach and the method of continuous sampling for collecting the material from lexicographic sources and fiction.

Verbs of physical negative impact on the object are divided into the following subgroups: 1) verbs damaging an object; 2) verbs striking an object; 3) verbs of great impact on the object, harming it up to bringing it to death. In comparative constructions with the verbs of this lexical-semantic group two types prevail: 1) constructions using the affix -lyy; 2) constructions with the postposition kurduk ʽas if, likeʼ. In comparative constructions, the situational-emotional type of comparison is more common. Standards of comparison are used mainly when describing a mental state, various situations or the appearance of something. Verbs with the meaning of striking as a standard of comparison in the Yakut language are mainly used to describe sudden shock or confusion. Verbs with the meaning 'beat with a whip, rod or willow' and verbs with the meaning ʽsting, buttʼ are compared to an action that occurs all of a sudden, impetuously. Verbs with the meaning ʽhit, prick, stab a thing with an objectʼ are used when comparing an action with a description of any sound, noise or physiological actions that happen with the body. Verbs with the meaning 'deteriorate an inanimate object or damage some part of it' are mainly used to describe the appearance of something.
Systems of Military Ranks in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and Vietnamese National Army
Authors: Doan Thuc Anh
Published: June 2022

The military rank is one of the most important indicators of the personal level achieved by a serviceman in relation to other servicemen within the established nationwide hierarchical system. Military ranks help establish relationships of subordination and seniority between military personnel, compliance with the positions held, and the age limit for military service and in the reserve. Military ranks are insignia of military personnel. The system of military ranks in each country has its own characteristics and origin. Military ranks in the Russian and Vietnamese armies vary depending on the historical period. The formation of the system of personal military ranks went through the centuries-old stages of their evolution. As we know, the changes taking place in society are reflected in the language in the form of an appropriate vocabulary design. Military nomenclature terminology is a special layer of the lexical composition of any language. As a specific layer of military vocabulary, on the one hand, it reflects a direct impact of extralinguistic factors on the language, and on the other hand, it contributes to the manifestation of certain general trends in the development and functioning of the national language. In this article, we will consider the system of military ranks in the armed forces of the Russian Federation and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam from a synchronous point of view. The article gives a general description of the system of military ranks, reveals the features of the vocabulary denoting military ranks in the Russian Federation and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, highlights the use of words denoting military ranks in Russian and Vietnamese languages in communication and in official records. The results of the presented work may have a certain significance for lexicography and translation practice.
M. V. Lomonosov’s Phonetic Terminology in German Translations (Exemplified by the Material of “Russian Grammar” and Its German Translation)
Authors: Ivanov A. V.
Published: June 2022

The article concerns the study of M. V. Lomonosov’s “Russian Grammar” sections which describe the phonetic structure of the Russian language, including segmental and suprasegmental levels, as well as the corresponding paragraphs in the German translation of this grammar made by Johann Stavenhagen in 1764. The main purpose of studying these text sources is selection of phonetic terminology used by Lomonosov and its comparison with German terminology in the structural and semantic perspective to establish conformity between Stavenhagen’s translation solutions and the author’s intentions in the terminological sphere. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that at present there are practically no comparative studies devoted to the study of Lomonosov’s grammar and its translation into German in terms of parallel text metalanguage. Russian linguists have mostly focused on the original Russian text published in 1755, plenty of publications being concerned with its description and analysis, as well as with the historical and linguistic aspect of the German version of Lomonosov’s grammar design. The main research methods are those of vocabulary structural, semantic, definitional, and comparative types of analysis. While studying the selected Russian vocabulary, we have identified five thematically different terminological groups: 1) terms characterizing the suprasegmental level of utterance (intonation and prosody), 2) terms nominating articulation organs, 3) terms used to classify vowels and consonants, 4) terms of graphics and orthography, 5) units of articulation. Terminological units found in previous grammatical publications make up its main part. The author’s terminology, introduced for scientific use by Lomonosov himself appear to be a smaller part of the selected vocabulary. When translating the “Russian Grammar”, Stavenhagen primarily resorted to literal translation of phonetic terms employed by Lomonosov, and in some cases to a descriptive way of conveying the semantics of certain Russian terms in accordance with the norms of the German language of that time. A terminological comparative analysis allows identifying a number of orthographic and morphological doublets in the Russian and German phonetic terminological systems. The use of doublets agrees with the author’s and translator’s wish to make a grammar text more understandable to the reader.
Numerical method for solving a nonlocal boundary value problem for a multidimensional parabolic equation
Authors: Бештокова З.В.
Published: June 2022

Работа посвящена нелокальным краевым задачам для многомерного уравнения параболического типа с переменными коэффициентами. Методом энергетических неравенств получены априорные оценки в дифференциальной и разностной трактовках для решений нелокальных краевых задач. Из полученных оценок следуют единственность и устойчивость решения каждой из рассмотренных задач по правой части и начальным данным, а также сходимость решения разностной задачи к решению исходной дифференциальной задачи в L2-норме со скоростью O(|h|+τ). Для каждой из рассмотренных задач построен алгоритм численного решения, роведены численные расчеты тестовых примеров.

The work is devoted to nonlocal boundary value problems for a multidimensional parabolic equation with variable coefficients. The method of energy inequalities is used to obtain a priori estimates in differential and difference interpretations for solutions of nonlocal boundary value problems. The resulting estimates imply the uniqueness and stability of the solution of each of the considered problems with respect to the right-hand side and initial data, as well as the convergence of the solution of the difference problem to the solution of the original differential problem in the L2-norm at a rate of O(|h|+τ). For each of the considered problems, a numerical solution algorithm is constructed, and numerical calculations of test examples are carried out.
Platform of spectral analysis based on a tunable coupling between metasurface and molecular vibration
Authors: Nishijima Yoshiaki , Juodkazis Saulius
Published: June 2022

Coupling of metasurface resonance with a molecular vibration from weak - to - strong is demonstrated using different polymer based materials and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) metasurfaces. It is shown that the strength of coupling between MIM metasurface and molecular absorbance in the I-layer of organic nano-film depends on the dipole mode of the molecular vibration and the molecular number density. In the case of strong coupling, when Rabi splitting is observed at the molecular absorption band, the coupling efficiency reaches several percent of the particular molecular vibration modes in the volume below nano-disks of MIM metasurface.