bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REPLACEMENT OF THE FLAT WEB OF THE CRANE RUNWAY BEAM WITH A CORRUGATED WEB
Authors:   International Educational Corporation, Bryantsev A.A. , Okanov D.A. ,   International Educational Corporation
Published: April 2024

This article is devoted to the study of the possibility of replacing a flat web in runway beams with a corrugated one in order to increase the reliability and stability of welded joints. In the study, an analysis of stresses in the structure of two types of web outlines was carried out, the features and advantages of corrugated webs were revealed. The article provides a detailed overview of the analysis results, demonstrating how a corrugated structure can effectively prevent the separation of welds under the influence of loads. The reasons for choosing this method and its practical applicability in industrial conditions are considered in detail. The study involved a computer experiment, including calculations using the Tonus PC SCAD post-processor, as well as the Lira-SAPR 2022 PC. The stages of the experiment include calculations of the geometric characteristics of various web shapes in the Tonus post-processor, modeling of three-dimensional runway crane beams with flat and corrugated webs, calculation and determination of the maximum normal stresses in the web in PC Lira-SAPR 2022, comparison of the results of beams with flat and corrugated webs and interpretation of the results, and substantiation of conclusions based on the data obtained. The authors highlight the prospects for the application of this approach in various fields of industry, emphasizing its importance for ensuring the safety and durability of crane girder structures. The results obtained are the basis for further research and practical implementation of innovative solutions in the design and operation of industrial facilities.
Evaluation of analgesic activity of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from basil leaves (Ocimum x africanum L.) in acetic acid-induced rat models
Authors: Sarimanah Uvit , Nofita  , Angin Martianus Perangin
Published: April 2024

Analgesics are medications that alleviate pain without impairing consciousness, with certain plants, such as basil (Ocimum x africanum L.), showing potential as natural pain relievers. This research investigated the analgesic effects of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from basil leaves on acetic acid-induced pain in rats. The study utilized percolation extraction methods with 96% ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents. Twenty-eight male white rats were divided into seven groups: one normal control group without treatment or induction, one negative control group receiving 0.5% CMC-Na, two groups treated with ethanol extracts of basil leaves at doses of 400 mg/kg BW and 800 mg/kg BW, two groups treated with ethyl acetate extracts at the same doses, and one positive control group administered 50 mg/kg BW diclofenac sodium. Thirty minutes post-treatment, 1% acetic acid was injected intraperitoneally, and writhing responses were observed over 60 minutes. The data on percentage protection from writhing were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by the LSD test. The findings revealed that both the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts at an 800 mg/kg BW dosage closely matched the analgesic effectiveness of the diclofenac sodium group.
Exploring the anticancer potential of scopoletin against HER-2 positive breast cancer: an in silico molecular docking study
Authors: Adhyaksa I Nyoman Mahesa Praba , Silawarti Putu Ayu Karunia , Putra Made Ferdio Amarta , Laksmiani Ni Putu Linda
Published: April 2024

Cancer, defined by the unchecked growth and invasive potential of abnormal cells, remains a global health challenge. Within this context, scopoletin, a compound isolated from the leaves of Impatiens balsamina L., has garnered attention for its potential as an anti-breast cancer agent. This study employed in silico molecular docking techniques to explore scopoletin's interaction with the HER-2 protein, a known target in breast cancer therapy. The docking analysis revealed that scopoletin exhibits affinity towards the HER-2 protein, with a binding energy of -6.3 kcal/mol. Notably, the binding energy of scopoletin is comparable to that of gefitinib, an established cancer drug, further underscoring its potential therapeutic value.
A Phorbol Ester from Antimicrobial and Anthelmintic Leaf Extracts of Pseudocedrela Kotschyi Chweinf Harms (Meliaceae)
Authors: Okwute S. K. , Onyekwere O. U.
Published: April 2024

The powdered dry leaf of Pseudocedrela kotschyi was successively extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, 30% aqueous ethanol and methanol. Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols and anthraquinones. Antimicrobial screening of the extracts revealed activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with mic values ranging from 100-250 µg/ml. Also, the anthelmintic activity of the extracts against the pin worm, Entrobius vermicularis and the earth worm, Lumbricina terrestris was investigated and they displayed generally high anthelmintic activity. Chromatographic fractionation ,followed by GC-MS analysis of the fractions led to the identification of phorbol-12,13-dihexanoate as a constituent of the leaves of P. kotschyi. This may account for the highly poisonous property of the plant.
Integration of omics technologies for the identification of predictive biomarkers in type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive analysis of recent literature
Authors: Urvina Muñoz Jefferson Vicente , Zúñiga San Lucas Erika Alejandra , Macias Valdez Ney Asdrubal , Villafuerte Jean Pierre , Arroba Riofrio Cristhian Andrés
Published: April 2024

Background. Omics technologies, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and Transcriptomics are being used for identifying biomarkers. These biomarkers are unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which can help to promote more personalized treatment strategies and advance our understanding of disease pathogenesis. Omics approaches enable the examination of genetic, protein, metabolic, and gene expression profiles more comprehensively while offering insights into T2DM risk, progression, and potential therapeutic targets. Methods: This review follows a systematic methodology, aimed at evaluating omics technology’s role in diabetes research. Utilizing literature searches, we got an initial pool of 257 studies with a rigorous selection process and narrowed the selection to 10 high-quality studies. Our methodology approach ensured the inclusion of relevant, peer-reviewed articles that contribute significantly to understanding the application of omics technologies in predicting biomarkers for type 2 diabetes. Results: The systematic review identifies ten high-quality studies illuminating substantial omics technology’s role in advancing our understanding of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Collectively, these studies demonstrate how genomics, proteomics, metagenomics, metabolomics, and Transcriptomics have uncovered novel biomarkers and molecular pathways for T2D. Our findings underscore all the omics potentials specifically for developing predictive biomarkers, enhancing diagnostics, and tailoring personalized treatment strategies. Genetic variations, metabolic alterations, and protein and RNA expression profiles were highlighted as key areas where omics technologies offer insights into the pathophysiology and management of T2D.
The Status of Implementation of Non-Formal Curricular (NFC) in Secondary Schools in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Oloo Abisaki Aono , Abenga Elizabeth , Wangila Eric
Published: April 2024

The study sought to find out about the status of the implementation of the non-formal curriculum in secondary schools in Kakamega County, Kenya. It employed a descriptive survey design. A total of 2550 respondents were involved, segregated as 1935 learners, 430 teachers, 43 Non-Formal Curriculum Activities (NFCAs) departmental heads, 43 principals, 86 parents, and 13 Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (QASOs). Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data, while structured interviews, document analysis, and observations were employed to collect qualitative data. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to generate analyses for the quantitative data using frequencies, means, modes, and standard deviations tables that displayed the distribution of observations against the options provided on different variables, including the display of their deviations from the mean value. Narratives were used to describe the qualitative data. From the analysis, it was discovered that finances for NFCAs were insufficient and disbursement of the same to schools was delayed. NFCAs offered in schools could not fully support the large learner populations, and schools lacked sufficient orientation programmes for new learners. The existing policies on the implementation of the NFC did not give schools clear directions for engagement in NFCAs. The study therefore recommends that, to improve learner involvement in NFCAs, the government should increase the allocation of funds and improve the timing of disbursement. Schools should consider introducing a wide range of NFCAs and also advocate for the development of a clearer and more comprehensive policy for the implementation of the NFC.
A Systematic Review on the Effects of PTSD Associated Alcohol Abuse on Social Economic Status among Youth Living in Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Mutisya David Nzioka , Theuri Joseph
Published: April 2024

The deeply rooted issue of alcohol abuse in Kenya continues to negatively impact the well-being of the youth population. In a study conducted in 2018, an estimated 45–50% of alcohol-abusing youth in Kiambu County had post-traumatic stress disorder. The main purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize existing literature articles on the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-associated alcohol abuse in Kenya’s context. The review shows that PSTD related to alcohol abuse, though not well studied in Kenya, is a real challenge facing the youth. It affects their learning processes as well as their transition to colleges and other higher education institutions. Alcohol abuse also affects employment prospects for youth and leads to impoverishment. It also challenges the productivity and entrepreneurial capacities of these youth, leading to further impoverishment and reduced socioeconomic prospects. On the basis of these findings, it is pertinent to come up with psychosocial support mechanisms for alcohol abusers suffering from PSTD. The government should establish funding strategies for the rehabilitation of PSTD-affected youth. Also, government empowerment programs in Kenya should factor in mechanisms for ensuring that youth with PSTD-related alcohol abuse can access funding to enhance their socioeconomic status.
ATUAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO EM CONTROLE, SEGURANÇA E RASTREABILIDADE DE INFECÇÕES NO CENTRO CIRÚRGICO
Authors: Reis Izadora Clara Souza , Silva Amanda Lorrany Souza , Santos Diana Góis dos
Published: April 2024

O presente estudo se trata de uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada de outubro a novembro de 2023, em bases de dados disponíveis pela internet: Scielo (Scientific Librany Eletronic Online) e Google acadêmico, bem como em literaturas nacionais e internacionais. A natureza do problema estudado são as complicações por infecções adquiridas em ambiente hospitalar e mais especificamente no centro cirúrgico relacionadas as cirurgias como um todo, na internação ou no pós-alta e os cuidados necessários para o não acontecimento de tais fatos, bem como mostrar a importância da equipe de saúde e como são essenciais as medidas de controle. Durante esta pesquisa objetivou identificar motivos pelos quais as infecções acontecem e quais as melhores maneiras de prevenir que os paciente/clientes não venham a adquirir outra doença relacionada a infecção do sítio cirúrgico. Os preponderantes fatores de risco relacionados à infecção de sítio cirúrgico mais prevalentes foram: tempo de internação pré-operatório maior que 24 horas; tempo de duração da cirurgia, em horas; potencial de contaminação da ferida operatória classificado em potencialmente contaminada, contaminada e infectada; integridade e esterilização de materiais de uso cirúrgico em campo operatório. Desta forma, concluir-se que para prevenir rastrear e diagnosticar os fatores de risco de infecções relacionadas a cirurgias, em um contexto geral, exige o acompanhamento rigoroso da equipe, em especial o enfermeiro que na realização de estratégias voltadas para acompanhamento de cuidados e rastreabilidade estará favorecendo para um plano de prevenção e intervenção de classificação de risco juntamente com toda equipe dentro do modelo da estratificação de risco para a melhora significativa de taxas de infecções ocorridas do sítio cirúrgico.
EFEITO HEPATOPROTETOR DO CAFÉ NA PROGRESSÃO DA FIBROSE ASSOCIADA À DOENÇA HEPÁTICA CRÔNICA
Authors: Costa Danilo Duarte , Mota Emanuelly Botelho Rocha
Published: April 2024

Introdução: a doença crônica do fígado avançada representa o estágio final de lesões nos hepatócitos, levando à hipertensão portal e insuficiência hepática e suas complicações. A cirrose hepática, diagnóstico histológico dessa condição, representa uma das principais causas de mortalidade globalmente. Objetivo: este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial hepatoprotetor do consumo de café na progressão das doenças hepáticas crônicas. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. A pesquisa incluiu a busca por artigos relacionados ao consumo de café e doença hepática crônica nas bases de dados PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, utilizando descritos MeSH. Resultados: foram identificados 310 artigos, dos quais 15 foram selecionados para análise e composição dos resultados. O café, rico em cafeína e ácido clorogênico, apresenta propriedades antifibróticas e antioxidantes que podem reduzir a fibrose hepática. O café pode agir por meio de diversos mecanismos, como modulação da microbiota intestinal, indução de genes antioxidantes e inibição dos receptores de adenosina nas células estreladas hepáticas, que desempenham um papel crucial na fibrogênese. No entanto, os resultados na literatura são variados e podem estar relacionados à dosagem e composição do café. Considerações Finais: O consumo moderado de café parece estar associado a efeitos hepatoprotetores, incluindo redução da fibrose hepática. No entanto, a relação entre o consumo de café e as condições hepáticas necessita de estudos adicionais para determinar de forma precisa seus benefícios na prevenção e progressão de hepatopatias crônicas, visto que há lacunas na determinação de doses efetivas em humanos.
O TECIDO DA POLPA DENTÁRIA COMO FONTE DE CÉLULAS-TRONCO: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Costa Junior Florival , Machado Isabela Silva
Published: April 2024

As células-tronco são células indiferenciadas, com alta capacidade de proliferação e com habilidade de se auto-renovarem. A terapia celular com células-tronco de origem dentária tem despertado grande interesse para a comunidade científica, pois são células que apresentam grande capacidade de se diferenciar em diversas outras células, representando perspectivas futuras de tratamento de doenças e regeneração de tecidos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho é realizar uma revisão de literatura descrevendo a importância do tecido da polpa dentária como fonte de células-tronco. A metodologia utilizada como bases de dados:Public Medline (Pubmed), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), foram utilizados artigos em português e inglês publicados nos últimos 15 anos. Os resultados deste trabalho são de enorme valia para os cirurgiões dentistas e pesquisadores da área, reforçando a importância do tecido da polpa dentária como fonte de células-tronco, auxiliando na compreensão da aplicabilidade e limitações do uso das células-troncos de origem dentária para cura de determinadas doenças e/ou restauração de lesões teciduais.
HydroFATE (v1): a high-resolution contaminant fate model for the global river system
Authors: Ehalt Macedo Heloisa , Lehner Bernhard , Nicell Jim , Grill Günther
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Pharmaceuticals and household chemicals are neither fully consumed nor fully metabolized when routinely used by humans, thereby resulting in the emission of residues down household drains and into wastewater collection systems. Since treatment systems cannot entirely remove these substances from wastewaters, the contaminants from many households connected to sewer systems are continually released into surface waters. Furthermore, diffuse contributions of wastewaters from populations that are not connected to treatment systems can directly (i.e., through surface runoff) or indirectly (i.e., through soils and groundwater) contribute to contaminant concentrations in rivers and lakes. The unplanned and unmonitored release of such contaminants can pose important risks to aquatic ecosystems and ultimately human health. In this work, the contaminant fate model HydroFATE is presented, which is designed to estimate the surface-water concentrations of domestically used substances for virtually any river in the world. The emission of compounds is calculated based on per capita consumption rates and population density. A global database of wastewater treatment plants is used to separate the effluent pathways from populations into treated and untreated and to incorporate the contaminant pathways into the river network. The transport in the river system is simulated while accounting for processes of environmental decay in streams and in lakes. To serve as a preliminary performance evaluation and proof of concept of the model, the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was chosen, due to its widespread use and the availability of input and validation data. The comparison of modelled concentrations against a compilation of reported SMX measurements in surface waters revealed reasonable results despite inherent model uncertainties. A total of 409 000 km of rivers were predicted to have SMX concentrations that exceed environmental risk thresholds. Given the high spatial resolution of predictions, HydroFATE is particularly useful as a screening tool to identify areas of potentially elevated contaminant exposure and to guide where local monitoring and mitigation strategies should be prioritized.
Focal-TSMP: deep learning for vegetation health prediction and agricultural drought assessment from a regional climate simulation
Authors: Shams Eddin Mohamad Hakam , Gall Juergen
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Satellite-derived agricultural drought indices can provide a complementary perspective of terrestrial vegetation trends. In addition, their integration for drought assessments under future climates is beneficial for providing more comprehensive assessments. However, satellite-derived drought indices are only available for the Earth observation era. In this study, we aim to improve the agricultural drought assessments under future climate change by applying deep learning (DL) to predict satellite-derived vegetation indices from a regional climate simulation. The simulation is produced by the Terrestrial Systems Modeling Platform (TSMP) and performed in a free evolution mode over Europe. TSMP simulations incorporate variables from underground to the top of the atmosphere (ground-to-atmosphere; G2A) and are widely used for research studies related to water cycle and climate change. We leverage these simulations for long-term forecasting and DL to map the forecast variables into normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and brightness temperature (BT) images that are not part of the simulation model. These predicted images are then used to derive different vegetation and agricultural drought indices, namely NDVI anomaly, BT anomaly, vegetation condition index (VCI), thermal condition index (TCI), and vegetation health index (VHI). The developed DL model could be integrated with data assimilation and used for downstream tasks, i.e., for estimating the NDVI and BT for periods where no satellite data are available and for modeling the impact of extreme events on vegetation responses with different climate change scenarios. Moreover, our study could be used as a complementary evaluation framework for TSMP-based climate change simulations. To ensure reliability and to assess the model’s applicability to different seasons and regions, we provide an analysis of model biases and uncertainties across different regions over the pan-European domain. We further provide an analysis about the contribution of the input variables from the TSMP model components to ensure a better understanding of the model prediction. A comprehensive evaluation of the long-term TSMP simulation using reference remote sensing data showed sufficiently good agreements between the model predictions and observations. While model performance varies on the test set between different climate regions, it achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.027 and 1.90 K with coefficient of determination (R2) scores of 0.88 and 0.92 for the NDVI and BT, respectively, at 0.11° resolution for sub-seasonal predictions. In summary, we demonstrate the feasibility of using DL on a TSMP simulation to synthesize NDVI and BT satellite images, which can be used for agricultural drought forecasting. Our implementation is publicly available at the project page (https://hakamshams.github.io/Focal-TSMP, last access: 4 April 2024).
The 4DEnVar-based weakly coupled land data assimilation system for E3SM version 2
Authors: Shi Pengfei , Leung L. Ruby , Wang Bin , Zhang Kai , Hagos Samson M. , Zhang Shixuan
Published: April 2024

Abstract. A new weakly coupled land data assimilation (WCLDA) system based on the four-dimensional ensemble variational (4DEnVar) method is developed and applied to the fully coupled Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2). The dimension-reduced projection four-dimensional variational (DRP-4DVar) method is employed to implement 4DVar using the ensemble technique instead of the adjoint technique. With an interest in providing initial conditions for decadal climate predictions, monthly mean anomalies of soil moisture and temperature from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) reanalysis from 1980 to 2016 are assimilated into the land component of E3SMv2 within the coupled modeling framework with a 1-month assimilation window. The coupled assimilation experiment is evaluated using multiple metrics, including the cost function, assimilation efficiency index, correlation, root-mean-square error (RMSE), and bias, and compared with a control simulation without land data assimilation. The WCLDA system yields improved simulation of soil moisture and temperature compared with the control simulation, with improvements found throughout the soil layers and in many regions of the global land. In terms of both soil moisture and temperature, the assimilation experiment outperforms the control simulation with reduced RMSE and higher temporal correlation in many regions, especially in South America, central Africa, Australia, and large parts of Eurasia. Furthermore, significant improvements are also found in reproducing the time evolution of the 2012 US Midwest drought, highlighting the crucial role of land surface in drought lifecycle. The WCLDA system is intended to be a foundational resource for research to investigate land-derived climate predictability.
Modernization of the KarPLAZ Plasma Cutting Machine Design in Classic-B LLP
Authors:   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», N. Nazarbayev Avenue, 56, Karaganda, Kazakhstan,, BUZAUOVA Toty , LASCH Konstantin ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», N. Nazarbayev Avenue, 56, Karaganda, Kazakhstan,, MUSAGUL Orazaly ,   «Classik-B» LLP, Karabas Street, 17, Karaganda, Kazakhstan,
Published: April 2024

The study aims to increase the efficiency of the plasma cutting machine by optimizing the technological parameters of plasma cutting equipment, improving quality (precision cutting of shaped parts, cutting quality), reducing the number of locksmith work (removal of deburring, cauterization), and reducing the percentage of defects in production. Inaccuracies were revealed when cutting parts on the KarPLAZ plasma machine in Classic-B LLP. The design and operation features of machine parts and assemblies have been studied. After analyzing the experimental data and the design of the machine, design and technological decisions were made. The drive was calculated, working drawings were developed, the kinematic pair "gearrack" was replaced, and a full-scale experiment was carried out. The results of the research work confirmed the correctness of the technical decisions made.
Structure and Physical Properties of High Entropy Coatings on Surfaces of Weapons and Military Equipment Parts
Authors:   National defense university named after the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan - elbasy, Astana, Berdibekov A , Yurov V , Gruzin V , Dolya A
Published: April 2024

The method of spraying CGDN coatings we propose is universal for repairing military equipment in the field. We carried out the method using a Dimet-425 installation and an IPG Photonics laser. The increase in heat resistance and adhesion of the coated sample relative to the uncoated sample is explained by the fact that the modified surface layer of the sample is a transition layer that has a sharp boundary with the base material or transition zone, consisting of a diffusion zone and a thermal-affected zone. The characteristic adhesion value obtained for CGDN coatings is 20 - 80 MPa, and the powder utilization rate reaches 50 - 80%
Processing of a Part Such as a Composite Bearing Housing on a Milling Machine With a Digital Control Program
Authors:   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Nikonova T , Kabidenov D , Abdugalieva G , Berg A , Imasheva K
Published: April 2024

In the era of the industrial revolution of ndustry 4.0, the Republic of Kazakhstan is rapidly introducing automated robots and digital control programs in many of its production facilities. In this context, special attention is paid to modern technologies, and AKIRA SEIKI milling machines with FANUC control software stand out as advanced technologies in this process. They are becoming the most popular in the CIS countries due to the economic efficiency and intellectual support of the Taiwanese manufacturer. Practical aspects of constructing CNC milling machines and their practical use are presented in this article. Particular attention is paid to the functionality of milling machines using the example of processing such a part as a composite bearing housing. In addition, the process of writing processing operation codes in the CIMKO computer program is described. The code is provided with brief descriptions to help you understand the compiled workpiece processing operations. With the growing need for efficiency and precision in production, many companies and industrial plants in the Republic of Kazakhstan are considering AKIRA SEIKI milling machines with FANUC control software as a major investment. These machines not only provide high productivity, but also help automate complex technological processes. CIMKO, among other things, allows the development and optimization of machining code, which complements the efficiency and accuracy of the machines.
Features of Engineering Methods of Research Results on Butt Welding on Metal Pipelines
Authors:   Navoi State Mining and Technologies University, Navoi, Uzbekistan, Mardonov B , Sherov K ,   Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan, Toirov M , Makhmudov L ,   Navoi State Mining and Technologies University, Navoi, Uzbekistan, Yakhshiev S ,   Navoi State Mining and Technologies University, Navoi, Uzbekistan, Kongkybayeva A ,   Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the use of flash butt welding (FBW) for increased labor productivity in pipeline construction. However, despite its promise, FBW technologies and equipment have limitations in creating defectfree welded joints. The Ishikawa diagram is used to systematize and analyze factors that cause defects, which are then ranked on a Pareto diagram. The main causes of defects are found to be associated with human factors, such as the qualifications of workers, as well as imperfections in machinery and equipment, material deviations, and technology and measurement limitations. A correlation matrix is used to analyze the causes of the decrease in quality and determine that improving methods and means of FBW processes, along with FBW technologies, is the solution. However, a complete computer model of FBW processes has not yet been created due to difficulties in describing energy release and other energy phenomena. A physical and mathematical model is necessary to take into account energy processes in the welding zone.
Bench Studies of Sound Insulation Materials and Vacuum Sound Insulation Panel
Authors:   Institute of Service and Entrepreneurship (branch) of Don State Technical University, Lemeshko M , Zanina I ,   Institute of Service and Entrepreneurship (branch) of Don State Technical University, Kostromina E ,   Institute of Service and Entrepreneurship (branch) of Don State Technical University, Salikova N ,   Abay Myrzakhmetov Kokshetau University
Published: April 2024

There is a problem of protection from high-level sound of city residents, employees of enterprises; to a greater extent, in the workshops of machine-building factories, for example, during stamping, forging and other metalworking processes. Specialists and maintenance personnel are exposed to high-intensity noise near powerful agitators, pumps, engines and other power equipment. Due to these circumstances, it is necessary to constantly improve systems, devices, materials, coatings that reduce the negative impact of high noise levels on people. For this purpose, various soundproof walls, panels, screens, plates are being developed. One of the directions of modernizing sound-proofing fences is the method of using vacuum to design these protective devices. The article discusses the use of vacuum in special sound-insulating panels developed by the authors. The information about bench experimental studies of some sound-proofing materials is given, some results of testing of vacuum soundproofing panels are presented. The research stand and research methodology are described. The features of the stand for the study of sound-proofing properties of flat samples of sound-proofing materials of the same size and thickness are given.
Investigating the Time Spent on Manufacturing Parts of Complex Geometry Using Additive and Traditional Technologies
Authors:   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Karagandа, Kazakhstan, Zhetessova G.S , Škamat Je ,   Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania, Tattimbetova G ,   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Karagandа, Kazakhstan, Mateshov A ,   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Karagandа, Kazakhstan
Published: April 2024

The research objective is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the time spent on the production of parts of complex geometry using additive and traditional technologies. In modern industrial production, especially in the field of mechanical engineering, the manufacture of parts with complex shapes is becoming more and more in demand. These parts often have a high degree of complexity and require precise and efficient processing. The use of additive and traditional technologies in the production of parts can present various advantages and disadvantages, including production speed, manufacturing quality and overall time costs. However, there is insufficient research comparing the time costs of these two production methods, especially in the context of manufacturing parts of complex geometry. This work aims to fill this knowledge gap by analyzing and comparing the time spent on manufacturing parts using additive and traditional technologies. The results of this research can be useful for both the scientific community and industrial enterprises, helping them make informed decisions when choosing production technology for specific tasks.
Development and research of technology for the production of wear-resistant cast iron castings using modifiers
Authors: Aubakirov D
Published: April 2024

В монографии изложены сведения о литературном обзоре и анализе научно-технической информации о применении и условиях работы изделий из износостойких чугунов в современнной горно-металлургической промышленности, проведён анализ условий работы чугунных мелющих тел, определены основные причины износа их и разрушения, представлен обзор современного состояния исследований процесса модифицирования белых чугунов, приведены результаты лабораторных исследований структуры и свойств образцов из модифицированных чугунов, промышленных испытаний полученных изделий. Составлена технология производства чугунных мелющих шаров с применением внутриформенного способа модифицирования
Gender Differences in Teacher’s Pedagogical Practices and Attitudes towards Students’ Learning
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Sultan Asif , Ali Faizan
Published: April 2024

Education is crucial for building a strong and developed nation. Formal education begins with primary education which includes a variety of subjects such as Mathematics, languages, Science, Social studies, etc. Teachers’ Pedagogical Practices and Attitudes are vital for the teaching of a variety of subjects at the primary level. The study was opted to explore the Gender Differences in Teacher’s Pedagogical Practices and Attitudes towards Students' Learning. It is a case study of primary schools of district Sargodha having only one teacher. The research utilized a survey methodology in conjunction with a descriptive strategy to collect data. The 74 single elementary teachers in District Sargodha, both male and female, made up the population and sample. Data collection was conducted through personal visits using two questionnaires (1st for Pedagogical Practices and 2nd for Attitude towards student learning) that included a demographic variable (Gender) too. These questions were verified by specialists and pilot-tested, resulting in a Cronbach Alpha score of 0.92. The data analysis was conducted utilizing statistical measures such as frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and independent sample t-tests. There was no significant difference between the views of single primary school male and female teachers about pedagogical practices and their factors (lesson plan, teaching methods, teacher behavior, instructional materials/technology assessment, community involvement) but a significant difference existed in classroom management (p-value=0.03<0.05) between male and female where male teacher better regarding classroom management. There was also no significant difference between male and female single primary school teachers’ attitude towards students learning. It is recommended that single primary school teachers (Male/Female) be facilitated through training in classroom management.
ASSESSING NIGERIAN GOVERNMENT’S EFFORTS IN SAFEGUARDING CITIZENS, UTILITIES, AND INFRASTRUCTURE FROM TERRORIST ATTACKS
Authors: Olalere Usamotu Basheer , Tunde Agara
Published: April 2024

Vulnerable places are usually the targets of terrorist attacks everywhere in the world. The scenario is quite the same in Nigeria. Boko Haram and other terrorist groups in Nigeria have attacked ordinary citizens and infrastructure like schools and hospitals. Especially crowded places are the main targets of the terrorists. To mitigate this security challenge, the Nigerian government factored in the protection of soft targets in its National Counter-Terrorism Strategy (NACTEST). The second pillar of NACTEST, known as “to secure,” is in charge of this assignment. The NACTEST document was launched in 2014 by President Jonathan as a standing policy to combat terrorism in Nigeria. It is expected that this strategy needs to be evaluated since it has been in operation for more than half a decade. The focus of this paper is to examine the extent to which the Nigerian government has successively protected soft targets from terrorism attacks. The paper makes use of both primary and secondary data as sources of data gathering and content analysis for data analysis. The research makes use of the NACTEST document and bases its evaluation on the specified objectives of the NACTEST second pillar, “to secure." It also adopts asymmetric theory as its theoretical framework. The paper discovered that the Nigerian government has, to a large extent, successively protected the vulnerable, like civilian citizens, utilities, and infrastructure. However, sporadic attacks by terrorists are equally a challenge that the government needs to handle seriously. The paper recommended, among others, that the government should provide needed resources, both human and material, for security and better performance.
THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE FORMATION OF SOCIOCULTURAL VALUES
Authors: Danila Victoria
Published: April 2024

The work presents an analysis of cultural concepts, heritage and values, their significance is also mentioned in the process of training young people in university institutions. The paper mentions the functions and aspects that emphasize the role of sociocultural values in the development of the personality of young people. Culture has a great influence on how we are aware of the community we are part of and the value system formed during development. Sociocultural values through cultural and social affiliation, reflect references such as the history and qualities of artistic heritage or association with remarkable personalities. Within the university education process, the emphasis is on contributing to their knowledge, protection and promotion. Therefore, the university education process has a considerable impact on the valorization of cultural heritage and the formation of sociocultural values of young people, which will serve as a means of adaptation and integration in the current period.
MALARIA, POVERTY AND CHILD HEALTH IN NIGERIA: ANY NEXUS?
Authors: Akintunde Temitope , Aribatise Adekunle , Akanbi Bosede
Published: April 2024

Infant mortality rates remain high in many African countries, despite global lowering trends. These high rates are alarming, therefore, this study attempt to examine the effect of malaria and poverty on infant mortality a proxy for child health in Nigeria using a data for the period 1990-2021. Auto-regressive distributed lag model (ARDL) was used as the estimation technique. The study's findings showed that both in the short and long run, poverty rate has a negative non-significant effect on infant mortality while malaria has a positive and significant effect on infant mortality. Government expenditure on health both in the short run and long run is positive and nonsignificant on child health. The current values of primary school enrolment (PSE) and number of physician (NOP) have a negative (-0.014 and -0.0002) non-significant effect on infant mortality in the short, and also negative (-0.501 and -1.654) but significant in the long run. The study recommends that policies that will improve child health and promote poverty reduction should be put in place and well implemented in Nigeria. Also, the government should take measures that will eradicate malaria in Nigeria.
Effects of Respiratory Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Respiratory Parameters in Craniotomy Patients: A Quasi- Experimental Study
Authors: Shelar Payal , Kamble Karuna , J. Palekar Tushar
Published: April 2024

Background: A craniotomy is a surgical technique in which the brain and surrounding tissues are momentarily exposed by creating an incision in the skull bone. This reduces the risk of brain herniation and aids in decreasing intracranial pressure. Numerous post-operative respiratory problems, including elevated respiratory rate, decreased chest expansion, tidal volume, and vital capacity, can arise from craniotomies. Respiratory Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is used as a facilitator stimulus to elicit reflux respiratory movement responses that seem to change the depth and rate of breathing. The goal of the current study is to determine how respiratory proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, when combined with standard physiotherapy, affects individuals who have had craniotomies.
Materials and Methodology: A Quasi-Experimental study was carried out on 20 participants with craniotomy surgery according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria. Examination of the vitals, Rancho Los Amigos (RLA) stage and chest expansion was done before and after the application of the Respiratory Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF). The intervention was implemented for 14 days along with conventional physical therapy. The collected data was analysed through student’s paired t-test.
Results: The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Version 24.0 (SPSS 24.0) was used to analyse the data. According to the analysed data 2nd and 4th Intercoastal Spaces have shown significant difference according to the paired t-test with a p-value <0.001. The Rancho Los Amigos report less significant changes with a p-value of 0.002.
Conclusion: This study concludes that Respiratory Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) techniques demonstrated highly significant improvement in chest expansion and less significant in Rancho Los Amigos (RLA) Stages in craniotomy patients.

Key words: Craniotomy, Respiratory PNF, Intercostal Stretch, Posterior Basal Lift, Rehabilitation, Respiratory Physiotherapy.
An Ancient Overview of Dhatus with Special Emphasis on Rakta
Authors: Joshi Naina , Kumar Panda Srikanta
Published: April 2024

One of the oldest traditional medical systems that is widely accepted today is Ayurveda. Ancient knowledge underlying this medical system is still not fully comprehended. The main obstacle to the convergence between the theoretical doctrines of this and other contemporary systems is a lack of knowledge of the distinctions and parallels among them. The fundamentals of this systems are the dosha dhatu mala, the understanding of which is crucial for the ultimate goal of this science of preventing as well as treating ailments. Dhatus are the building blocks of the body corresponding to the tissues. They form the basic framework of the body and support its regular functioning. Rakta which is corelated with blood is one amongst the seven dhatus. It is also considered as prana because its presence is vital for maintenance of a healthy living status. It is formed by the Ranjana-karma of rasa dhatu in presence of ranjaka pitta or raktagni in yakrita, pleeha and amashaya and helps in formation of the succeeding dhatus. It is also mentioned under the dash pranayatanas or the dwellings of prana that are the places where prana or vital force resides. Any injury or loss in these pranayatanas can pose as a threat to the continuity of life or cause a temporary or permanent disability. This overview tries to highlight the long history and fundamental ideas of dhatus with special emphasis given to the rakta dhatu. This would aid emerging academics, researchers, and practitioners in developing a deeper understanding of the subject.

Key words: Ayurveda, Dosha-Dhatu-Mala, Dhatu, Rakta Dhatu, Ranjaka Pitta, Raktagni
Recent Trends in Rehabilitation and Return to Sports Criteria Post SLAP Lesion in Overhead Athletes - A Systematic Review
Authors: Dongre Snigdha , Borkar Tejas , Ghuge Tanvi
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Overhead athletes frequently have SLAP lesions, which can be difficult to diagnose because of vague exam results and related shoulder disorders. Advances in arthroscopic procedures have drawn attention to the intricate anatomy at play, underscoring the importance of an accurate diagnosis. Classification systems facilitate the knowledge of SLAP pathology, and diagnostic techniques like as ultrasound and MRI improve the precision of detection. Customized rehabilitation plans are feasible, but little is known about the rates of healing and return to sport for overhead athletes following SLAP injuries, which calls for a systematic review to close this knowledge gap.
Aim: To review the past rehabilitation and return to sport rates studies in overhead athletes with SLAP tear/lesion.
Objective: To compile recent rehabilitation methods and return to sports criteria and rates in post-SLAP tear overhead athletes.
Methodology: A systematic review with a focus on papers published in the past ten years was carried out, adhering to PRISMA principles. To evaluate the quality, the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) tool was used. Studies describing RTS rates and rehabilitation strategies in overhead athletes following SLAP injuries met the inclusion criteria. Rehab efficacy and RTS results were assessed through data extraction and analysis.
Conclusion: An overall RTS rate of 67.25% was found in the review, underscoring the difficulties and developments in the therapy of SLAP lesions. While rehabilitation procedures varied, certain themes surfaced, including phased programs with an emphasis on strengthening the rotator cuff and sport-specific training. To improve treatment methods and guarantee a safe return to sport for overhead athletes with SLAP lesions, more studies are necessary. The significance of evidence-based rehabilitation catered to the specific requirements of each athlete is highlighted by this study.

Key words: Rehabilitation post slap lesion, SLAP lesion in overhead athletes, return to sports rates, and RTS criteria.
UNRAVELING THE COMPLEXITIES OF CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE: A CONVERSATION WITH DR. PETER MCCULLOUGH (PT-BR VERSION)
Authors: McCullough Peter Andrew , Brandini De Boni Luis Alcides
Published: April 2024

Background: This interview covers Dr. Peter McCullough's medical career, experience as an editor of medical journals, and his expertise in areas such as cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and pericarditis. Aims: The primary aim is to understand Dr. McCullough's perspectives on various medical topics, including his journey as a cardiologist, the importance of peer review, the phenomenon of Pheidippides cardiomyopathy, the differences between myocarditis and pericarditis, and the significance of ethical principles like the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki. Additionally, the interview aims to explore his concerns about censorship during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The interview follows a question-and-answer format, with the interviewer posing questions to Dr. McCullough on various topics related to his medical career, research interests, and ethical considerations. Results: Dr. McCullough shares his insights on topics such as cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and pericarditis, emphasizing the importance of peer review, identifying potential biases, and balancing scientific rigor with timely dissemination of findings. He also highlights the significance of the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki in ensuring informed consent and preventing coercion in medical research and treatment. Discussion: Dr. McCullough expresses concerns about censorship during the COVID-19 pandemic, which he believes impacted the ability of medical professionals to freely discuss and disseminate health-related information. He also discusses the potential role of COVID-19 vaccines in causing myocarditis and the need for transparent communication about treatment options and potential complications. Conclusion: The interview provides valuable insights from Dr. McCullough's extensive medical experience and expertise, covering a range of topics from cardiovascular conditions to ethical principles and the challenges posed by censorship during the COVID-19 pandemic.