bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zolpidem for Insomnia: A Double-Edged Sword. A Systematic Literature Review on Zolpidem-Induced Complex Sleep Behaviors
Authors: Mittal Niti , Mittal Rakesh , Gupta M. C.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Being a nonbenzodiazepine, zolpidem is believed to have a favorable side-effect profile and is widely prescribed for insomnia. However, in the past few years, numerous neuropsychiatric adverse reactions, particularly complex sleep behaviors (CSBs), have been reported with zolpidem.

Objective:

To conduct a systematic review of zolpidem-associated CSBs.

Data Sources:

An electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane database of systematic reviews to extract relevant articles till July 2020.

Study Eligibility Criteria:

Any type of literature article (case report, case series, and observational or interventional study) reporting CSBs associated with zolpidem.

Results:

In this review, we present aggregate summarized data from 148 patients presenting with zolpidem-induced CSBs (79 patients from 23 case reports and 5 case series; 69 patients out of 1454 taking zolpidem [4.7%] from three observational clinical studies). Various types of CSBs associated with zolpidem were reported, most common being sleepwalking/somnambulism and sleep-related eating disorder. On causality assessment, around 88% of cases were found to have a probable association with zolpidem.

Limitations:

Extraction of data from observational studies and spontaneous reports, due to nonavailability of any randomized controlled trials relevant to the study objective.

Conclusion and Implication of Key Findings:

Zolpidem-induced CSBs, although not very common, may develop when the drug is used at therapeutic doses for insomnia. Doctors need to be alert to monitor such adverse effects of zolpidem and exercise caution while prescribing it.
Alteration of Colonic Mucin Composition and Cytokine Expression in Acute Swine Dysentery
Authors: Lin Susanne Je-Han , Arruda Bailey , Burrough Eric
Published: March 2021

Swine dysentery (SD) is an enteric disease associated with strongly β-hemolytic Brachyspira spp. that cause mucohemorrhagic diarrhea primarily in grower-finisher pigs. We characterized alteration of colonic mucin composition and local cytokine expression in the colon of pigs with acute SD after B. hyodysenteriae (Bhyo) infection and fed either a diet containing 30% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) or a control diet. Colonic tissue samples from 9 noninoculated pigs (Control, N = 4; DDGS, N = 5) and 10 inoculated pigs experiencing acute SD (Bhyo, N = 4; Bhyo-DDGS, N = 6) were evaluated. At the apex of the spiral colon, histochemical staining with high-iron diamine–Alcian blue revealed increased sialomucin ( P = .008) and decreased sulfomucin ( P = .027) in Bhyo pigs relative to controls, with a dietary effect for sulfomucin. Noninoculated pigs fed DDGS had greater expression of sulfomucin ( P = .002) compared to pigs fed the control diet. Immunohistochemically, there was de novo expression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in the Bhyo group while mucin 2 (MUC2) expression was not significantly different between groups. RNA in situ hybridization to detect the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β often showed increased expression in the Bhyo group although without statistical significance, and this was not correlated with MUC5AC or MUC2 expression, suggesting IL-1β is not a major regulator of their secretion in acute SD. Expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1 was significantly suppressed in the Bhyo group compared to controls ( P = .005). This study reveals mucin and cytokine alterations in the colon of pigs with experimentally induced SD and related dietary effects of DDGS.
‘I’m the centre part of a Venn diagram’: belonging and identity for Taiwanese-Australian intercountry adoptees
Authors: Stoddart Jennifer , Wright Amy Conley , Spencer Margaret , Wichelen Sonja van
Published: March 2021

Intercountry adoptees face many challenges in developing their identity and achieving a sense of belonging in post-assimilation Australia. This study uses a constructivist approach to analyse narrative interviews with a sample of Taiwanese intercountry adoptees in Australia ranging in age from early to middle adulthood. Social identity theory and postcolonial theory are used to frame thematic findings about the impact of micro, meso and macro influences on identity development and belonging. The article concludes with discussion of the importance of analysing the impact of colonisation and broader societal discourse in social work practice when working within the adoption sector.
‘They want to give our children to white people and Christian people’: Somali perspectives on the shortage of Somali substitute carers
Authors: Chowdhury Camelia
Published: March 2021

Children from some black and minority ethnic (BME) backgrounds are routinely placed with substitute carers who do not match their cultural, linguistic, religious and ethnic backgrounds. The shortage of foster carers and adopters of specific backgrounds means that the demand in the care population often outweighs the availability of matched placement options. While the shortages of BME foster carers and adopters are widely recognised, there is virtually no research into the barriers faced by specific BME groups, so there are no informed recruitment strategies to increase the pool of potential matches. This research focuses on Somalis living in a large English city where there is a significant shortage of Somali foster carers and adopters despite people of Somali heritage comprising a sizeable proportion of the care and city population. Findings from the study suggest that there is no lack of motivation among the Somali population to foster or adopt, but participants felt that potential applicants are either rejected or deterred by institutional barriers, social exclusion and negative perceptions of social care, and that these factors are closely interlinked. The study makes practical suggestions for recruitment and assessment practice, but also stresses the importance of cultural competence and community engagement in a wider context of social care if welfare agencies wish to see more disenfranchised communities volunteering to work with them.
Foster caring in an era of COVID-19: the impact on personal self-care
Authors: Jay Miller Justin , Grise-Owens Erlene
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 has undoubtedly affected all caregivers, including foster carers. Despite the importance of self-care in assuaging the impact of the pandemic, there is a dearth of research on this topic, and virtually nothing specific to this important group. This study uses a retrospective pre/post design to measure the impact of the pandemic on foster carers’ self-care. An invitation to participate in an electronic survey was circulated among carers in a US state and a snowball sample of 1229 compiled. Analyses of their replies revealed significant decreases in self-care practices in the months following the start of the pandemic. Disaggregation of the post self-care scores showed that foster carers who were married, not employed outside their home, reported good mental and physical health and were financially stable exhibited higher levels of self-care compared to their peers. Furthermore, hierarchical regression analysis showed that three factors – age, financial security and mental health status – were the strongest determinants of post-care practices. The findings suggest the need for concerted efforts by foster care agencies to conceptualise, implement and evaluate initiatives aimed at the self-care and wellness of carers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A qualitative analysis of goals set by foster carers seeking support for their child’s emotional well-being
Authors: Ranzato Erica , Austerberry Chloe , Besser Sarah Jane , Cirasola Antonella , Midgley Nick
Published: March 2021

The needs of foster carers are complex as children in their care often present with complex emotional and behavioural difficulties. Previous studies have examined foster carers’ perceptions of the unmet needs of the children in their care but there is a lack of knowledge regarding carers’ own goals when seeking professional help. The present study seeks to fill this gap by examining the goals that carers who are looking after children with emotional and/or behavioural difficulties set at the start of an intervention, the Reflective Fostering Programme, designed to support them. Twenty-six foster carers were asked to complete a Goal-Based Outcome Measure (GBOM) before starting the programme. Qualitative content analysis revealed five main categories of goals. Three were child focused (child’s relationships, challenging behaviours and emotions) and two were foster carer focused (personal goals and goals related to participating in the programme). By understanding the types of goals meaningful to foster carers, interventions can be developed to better target their specific needs and allow outcome measures to be more closely aligned to their goals. Results are discussed in terms of implications for the development and evaluation of interventions to support foster carers and the children they look after.
Clinical Course and Outcome of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Data From a National Repository
Authors: El-Solh Ali A. , Meduri Umberto G. , Lawson Yolanda , Carter Michael , Mergenhagen Kari A.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Mortality attributable to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) 2 infection occurs mainly through the development of viral pneumonia-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Research Question:

The objective of the study is to delineate the clinical profile, predictors of disease progression, and 30-day mortality from ARDS using the Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse.

Study Design and Methods:

Analysis of a historical cohort of 7,816 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection between January 1, 2020, and August 1, 2020. Main outcomes were progression to ARDS and 30-day mortality from ARDS, respectively.

Results:

The cohort was comprised predominantly of men (94.5%) with a median age of 69 years (interquartile range [IQR] 60-74 years). 2,184 (28%) were admitted to the intensive care unit and 643 (29.4%) were diagnosed with ARDS. The median Charlson Index was 3 (IQR 1-5). Independent predictors of progression to ARDS were body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2, diabetes, lymphocyte counts <700 × 109/L, LDH >450 U/L, ferritin >862 ng/ml, C-reactive protein >11 mg/dL, and D-dimer >1.5 ug/ml. In contrast, the use of an anticoagulant lowered the risk of developing ARDS (OR 0.66 [95% CI 0.49-0.89]. Crude 30-day mortality rate from ARDS was 41% (95% CI 38%-45%). Risk of death from ARDS was significantly higher in those who developed acute renal failure and septic shock. Use of an anticoagulant was associated with 2-fold reduction in mortality. Survival benefit was observed in patients who received corticosteroids and/or remdesivir but there was no advantage of combination therapy over either agent alone.

Conclusions:

Among those hospitalized for COVID-19, nearly 1 in 10 progressed to ARDS. Septic shock, and acute renal failure are the leading causes of death in these patients. Treatment with either remdesivir and corticosteroids reduced the risk of mortality from ARDS. All hospitalized patients with COVID-19 should be placed at a minimum on prophylactic doses of anticoagulation.
The effect of static deformation on the lift loss phenomenon of an ABS downforce producing wing in ground effect
Authors: Aquino Andre , Diasinos Sammy
Published: March 2021

The proximity of a downforce producing wing to the ground has a significant effect on the generation of aerodynamic loads and flow structures. However, a rigid body assumption for the wing may lead to inaccuracies in the estimation of these loads. Static loosely-coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) simulations were performed at Reynolds numbers of 4.64·105 and 6.96·105 and ground clearances ranging from 0.053 c to 0.223 c to investigate the effect of deformation in an ABS wing. Results of these simulations demonstrated that wing deflection increased the height at which lift loss occurred, as the reduced wing tip ground clearance led to an earlier main wing vortex breakdown and greater boundary layer separation. The increase in Reynolds number for a constant chord length induced larger variations in critical height: the critical height increased by 0.011 c at Re = 4.64·105 and by 0.021 c at Re = 6.96·105. The larger variation in critical height at the high Reynolds number cases was due to the increase in the magnitude of the aerodynamic loads, and larger deflections.
Maternal Vitamin B12 Status and Risk of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Birth Defects in Tamil Nadu State, India
Authors: Munger Ronald G. , Kuppuswamy Rajarajeswari , Murthy Jyotsna , Balakrishnan Kalpana , Thangavel Gurusamy , Sambandam Sankar , Kurpad Anura V. , Molloy Anne M. , Ueland Per M. , Mossey Peter A.
Published: March 2021

Background and Objective:

The causal role of maternal nutrition in orofacial clefts is uncertain. We tested hypotheses that low maternal vitamin B12 and low folate status are each associated with an increased risk of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) in a case–control study in Tamil Nadu state, India.

Methods:

Case-mothers of CL±P children (n = 47) and control-mothers of unaffected children (n = 50) were recruited an average of 1.4 years after birth of the index child and plasma vitamin B12, methylmalonic acid (MMA), total homocysteine (tHcy), and folate were measured at that time. Logistic regression analyses estimated associations between nutrient biomarkers and case–control status.

Results:

Odds ratios (ORs) contrasting biomarker levels showed associations between case-mothers and low versus high plasma vitamin B12 (OR = 2.48, 95% CI, 1.02-6.01) and high versus low plasma MMA, an indicator of poor B12 status (OR = 3.65 95% CI, 1.21-11.05). Case–control status was not consistently associated with folate or tHcy levels. Low vitamin B12 status, when defined by a combination of both plasma vitamin B12 and MMA levels, had an even stronger association with case-mothers (OR = 6.54, 95% CI, 1.33-32.09).

Conclusions:

Mothers of CL±P children in southern India were 6.5 times more likely to have poor vitamin B12 status, defined by multiple biomarkers, compared to control-mothers. Further studies in populations with diverse nutritional backgrounds are required to determine whether poor maternal vitamin B12 or folate levels or their interactions are causally related to CL±P.
External Procedural Justice: Do Just Supervisors Shape Officer Trust and Willingness to Take the Initiative With the Public?
Authors: Peacock Robert P. , Ivkovich Sanja Kutnjak , Van Craen Maarten , Mraović Irena Cajner , Borovec Krunoslav , Prpić Marko
Published: March 2021

Decades of empirical research have shaped our understanding of organizational justice in the workplace and public assessments of police procedures on the street, but only recently has a nascent wave of research sought to better understand the role that officer perceptions of supervisory procedural justice play in shaping their (un)fair interactions with the public. The nascent research testing this relationship has focused on the evidence that officer perceptions of trust in the public is a pathway between internal procedural justice and external procedural justice. This article tests the role of trust and a parallel pathway that incorporates the concepts of work engagement and personal initiative in the procedural justice literature. Relying on a survey of 638 Croatian police officers, this study finds that the effect of supervisory procedural justice on officers’ external procedural justice is positive but indirect through a measure of trust in the public and the proposed engagement/initiative mechanism. The implications of these findings for research and police practice are discussed.
Evaluation of heparin-bonded ePTFE grafts for forearm loop vascular access: Comparison between Gore® PROPATEN vascular graft and ACUSEAL vascular graft
Authors: Baba Takeshi , Ohki Takao , Maeda Koji , Ito Eisaku , Momose Masamichi , Chono Yoshihiko , Omori Makiko , Shukuzawa Kota
Published: March 2021

Background:

This retrospective study evaluates the clinical outcomes of two heparin-bonded expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts, PROPATEN and ACUSEAL (W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA), for forearm loop vascular access.

Methods:

We prospectively collected data on 60 patients who had undergone arteriovenous graft of the forearm loop type between January 2015 and December 2019. The primary endpoints were graft primary, assisted primary, and secondary patency rates. Secondary endpoints were time to first cannulation and postoperative complications.

Results:

We enrolled 36 patients in the PROPATEN group (Group P) and 24 in the ACUSEAL group (Group A). All procedures were successful without any 30-day mortality. The median times to first cannulation were 16.5 days and 3 days in Groups P and A, respectively ( p < 0.001). Mean follow-up periods were 13.4 ± 14.5 and 17.3 ± 9.3 months, respectively. Primary patency rates were 81% and 64%, respectively, at 6 months, and 60% and 40%, respectively, at 12 months ( p = 0.008). Assisted primary patency rates were 96% and 83% at 6 months, 91% and 73% at 12 months, and 81% and 35% at 24 months ( p = 0.044). Secondary patency rates were 96% and 81% at 12 months, and 87% and 62% at 24 months ( p = 0.207). As a remote-period complication, disruption of the luminal layer of the graft was observed in two patients (4.2%) in Group A due to puncture and thrombectomy.

Conclusions:

Although the ACUSEAL graft offers the advantage of early cannulation, its primary and assisted primary patency outcomes were inferior to those of the PROPATEN graft. It is important for physicians to be aware of the different characteristics of each graft to select the best option for each patient.
Distinguishing feast-watching from cringe-watching: Planned, social, and attentive binge-watching predicts increased well-being and decreased regret
Authors: Pittman Matthew , Steiner Emil
Published: March 2021

This study seeks to add nuance to the definition of binge-watching by identifying the subtypes of the general practice that reflect viewer rituals, motives, and outcomes. The two subtypes are (1) the healthy practice of ‘feast-watching’ and (2) the unhealthy practice of ‘cringe-watching’. While binge-watching as a singular behavior has been associated with anxiety, depression, and loneliness, a survey ( N = 800) finds that binge-watching which is solo, accidental, and distracted (cringe-watching) predicts increased regret and decreased well-being. However, binge-watching that is planned, social, and attentive (feast-watching) predicts positive outcomes. These subtypes add much needed organizational clarity to the discussion of binge-watching, which, due to its popularity, has grown into a catchall for extended video consumption.
A model of destination consumption, attitude, religious involvement, satisfaction, and revisit intention
Authors: Liao Ying Kai , Wu Wann Yih , Truong Giang Nu To , Binh Phuong Nguyen Minh , Van Vu Vien
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to develop the destination consumption-customer attitude model to explain tourist travel satisfaction and revisit intention with the moderating effect of religious involvement. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire. Respondents of 392 tourists who visited four major Buddhist monasteries in Taiwan have been analysed, and research hypotheses were assessed by employing partial linear square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that destination consumption has positive and significant effects on rational attitude and emotional attitude toward revisiting a destination, which further facilitates travel satisfaction and revisit intention. Furthermore, this study supported the moderating role of religious involvement on the influence of national and emotional attitude and travel satisfaction on revisit intention. The results emphasized that symbolic experiential and functional consumption of a certain religious destination will significantly influence the rational and emotional attitudes toward revisiting the same destination. These results suggested that destination marketer should design a tourist’s destination consumption based on not only functional factors but also symbolic factors (such as self-concept, lifestyle, and destination) and experiential factors (such as entertainment, joy, pleasure, escape). Since the issues of destination consumption were still subject to further validation, this study provided an important reference for destination marketing to develop marketing strategies. The results were also valuable to provide as a theoretical base for further empirical validation.
Racial differences in the limb skeletal muscle transcriptional programs of patients with critical limb ischemia
Authors: Terwilliger Zoe S , Ryan Terence E , Goldberg Emma J , Schmidt Cameron A , Yamaguchi Dean J , Karnekar Reema , Brophy Patricia , Green Thomas D , Zeczycki Tonya N , Mac Gabhann Feilim , Annex Brian H , McClung Joseph M
Published: March 2021

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most severe manifestation of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and is characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality. As with most severe cardiovascular disease manifestations, Black individuals disproportionately present with CLI. Accordingly, there remains a clear need to better understand the reasons for this discrepancy and to facilitate personalized therapeutic options specific for this population. Gastrocnemius muscle was obtained from White and Black healthy adult volunteers and patients with CLI for whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (WTSS) and enrichment analysis was performed to identify alterations in specific Reactome pathways. When compared to their race-matched healthy controls, both White and Black patients with CLI demonstrated similar reductions in nuclear and mitochondrial encoded genes and mitochondrial oxygen consumption across multiple substrates, indicating a common bioenergetic paradigm associated with amputation outcomes regardless of race. Direct comparisons between tissues of White and Black patients with CLI revealed hemostasis, extracellular matrix organization, platelet regulation, and vascular wall interactions to be uniquely altered in limb muscles of Black individuals. Among traditional vascular growth factor signaling targets, WTSS revealed only Tie1 to be significantly altered from White levels in Black limb muscle tissues. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction validation of select identified targets verified WTSS directional changes and supports reductions in MMP9 and increases in NUDT4P1 and GRIK2 as unique to limb muscles of Black patients with CLI. This represents a critical first step in better understanding the transcriptional program similarities and differences between Black and White patients in the setting of amputations related to CLI and provides a promising start for therapeutic development in this population.
Life on pause: An analysis of UK fertility patients’ coping mechanisms after the cancellation of fertility treatment due to COVID-19
Authors: Tippett Anna
Published: March 2021

In March 2020, fertility clinics across the UK began cancelling all assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment, with the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) stopping all ART treatment from going ahead beyond the 15th April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article examines the coping mechanisms adopted by fertility patients during this time, focussing on the emotional support received from online fertility forums and fertility clinics during the indeterminate wait for treatment to resume. The study draws upon an online survey which assessed the mental health and wellbeing of 124 female fertility patients whose ART treatment was cancelled due to the Coronavirus pandemic. The findings indicate a potential for improved communication between fertility clinics and patients in order to reduce psychological stress and isolation during the postponement of ART treatment, alongside better utilisation of online platforms as mechanisms for support. This article adds to the growing body of knowledge concerned with the implications of denying reproductive rights to the infertility community during a global pandemic. It also contributes to sociological discussions on the support mechanisms available to those navigating infertility and the wider social management of uncertainty.
Turn-allocation and gaze: A multimodal revision of the “current-speaker-selects-next” rule of the turn-taking system of conversation analysis
Authors: Auer Peter
Published: March 2021

It is argued in this paper that a multimodal analysis of turn-taking, one of the core areas of conversation analytic research, is needed and has to integrate gaze as one of the most central resources for allocating turns, and that new technologies are available that can provide a solid and reliable empirical foundation for this analysis. On the basis of eye-tracking data of spontaneous conversations, it is shown that gaze is the most ubiquitous next-speaker-selection technique. It can function alone or enhance other techniques. I also discuss the interrelationship between the strength for sequential projection and the choice of next-speaker-selection techniques by a current speaker. The appropriate consideration of gaze leads to a revision of the turn-taking model in that it reduces the domain of self-selection and expands that of the current-speaker-selects-next sub-rule. It also has consequences for the analysis of “simultaneous starts”.
A conversation analytical study of story-openings in advice-giving episodes in doctoral research supervision meetings
Authors: Thanh Ta Binh
Published: March 2021

Interactional functions of story-opening in everyday conversations across different languages have been widely examined in Conversation Analysis (CA). However, there is a paucity in research on story-openings in institutional talk. This paper addresses this research gap by examining how story-opening contributes to advice-giving in doctoral research supervision. It draws on a data corpus of 57 storytelling sequences produced by six supervisors during 25 hours of video-recorded supervision meetings at an Australian university. The analysis shows that story-opening supports the on-going advice-giving activity in two ways. First, it invokes the supervisor’s knowledge and experience, which functions to strengthen the advice under way. Second, it works toward building a joint understanding with the student, thereby serving the supervisor’s pursuit of the student’s acceptance of advice. These findings have significant implications for research on storytelling in institutional interaction, advice and supervision practices.
A Scoping Review of Vicarious Trauma Interventions for Service Providers Working With People Who Have Experienced Traumatic Events
Authors: Kim Jeongsuk , Chesworth Brittney , Franchino-Olsen Hannabeth , Macy Rebecca J.
Published: March 2021

Health and human service providers who aid traumatized individuals frequently experience vicarious trauma (VT). Although VT plays a critical role in service providers’ mental health and well-being, as well as in the quality of their service provision, little information is available concerning the development and implementation of VT interventions for service providers. To advance the development of evidence in this area, we undertook a scoping review in which we reviewed existing interventions intended to address VT among service providers working with traumatized clients. Searches of electronic databases were conducted to identify studies published in peer-reviewed journals, with no date restrictions. Over 1,315 citations were reviewed, and a total of 27 studies were included in the final review. The findings show that VT interventions in the literature can be divided broadly into four categories: psychoeducation, mindfulness intervention, art and recreational programs, and alternative medicine therapy. The VT interventions reviewed generally showed promise in their key outcomes, including reductions in secondary trauma stress, compassion fatigue, burnout, and other mental health outcomes. However, the current body of research is lacking both in rigor and in specificity regarding the definition of VT. Furthermore, existing VT interventions are generally self-care based and tend to focus on general stress management rather than addressing the specific effects of VT. Therefore, we call for an increase in efforts to tailor VT interventions to different service settings and participant characteristics, as well as greater attention to developing primary VT interventions at the organizational level.
Facilitators of Formal Help-Seeking for Adult Survivors of IPV in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ravi Kristen E. , Robinson Sarah R. , Schrag Rachel Voth
Published: March 2021

A survivor’s decision to engage with formal services for experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) is influenced by factors at the individual, interpersonal, and sociocultural levels. Understanding factors that facilitate survivors’ choice to seek services could be beneficial to formal service providers including community agencies, health professionals, and the criminal justice system, providing guidance toward the development and implementation of accessible services for survivors of IPV. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify key factors that facilitate survivors’ formal help-seeking. Ten electronic databases were searched for key terms related to help-seeking from formal services and facilitators of formal help-seeking. Articles were included in the review if the studies were conducted in the United States, focused on adults with experiences of IPV, and discussed facilitators of formal help-seeking. A total of 1,155 studies were initially identified, and after screening, 24 were included in the review. Seven factors were identified including provider knowledge, support, accessibility, desire to provide protection and to prevent future violence, and other factors such as knoweldge of and desire for services, policy factors, and personal factors. Findings demonstrate a need for more research on the facilitators of help-seeking among East Asian, South Asian, and Middle Eastern survivors living in the United States, as well as male-identified, trans, and gender nonconforming survivors. The review also indicates a need for culturally sensitive and accessible services that support survivors and the importance of raising awareness of the services and resources available for survivors.
Help-Seeking and Barriers to Care in Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wright Elizabeth N. , Anderson Jocelyn , Phillips Kathleen , Miyamoto Sheridan
Published: March 2021

Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a prevalent phenomenon, yet an under-researched topic. Due to the complex nature of balancing love and fear, individuals who experience IPSV have unique needs and face unique barriers to seeking care. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the literature on help-seeking and barriers to care in IPSV. Articles were identified through PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Search terms included terms related to IPSV, intimate partner violence (IPV), domestic violence, sexual assault, and rape. The review was limited to the United States, and articles that were included needed to specifically measure or identify sexual violence in an intimate relationship and analyze or discuss IPSV in relation to help-seeking behaviors or barriers to care. Of the 17 articles included in this review, 13 were quantitative studies and four were qualitative studies. Various definitions and measurements of IPSV across studies included in this review make drawing broad conclusions challenging. Findings suggest that experiencing IPSV compared to experiencing nonsexual IPV (i.e., physical or psychological IPV) may increase help-seeking for medical, legal, and social services while decreasing help-seeking for informal support. Help-seeking can also reduce risk of future IPSV and decrease poor mental health outcomes. Barriers to seeking care in IPSV included social stigma, fear, and difficulty for individuals in identifying IPSV behaviors in their relationships as abuse. More inclusive research is needed among different populations including men, non-White individuals, nonheterosexual, and transgender individuals. Suggestions for research, practice, and policies are discussed.
Down-Regulation of TMPO-AS1 Induces Apoptosis in Lung Carcinoma Cells by Regulating miR-143-3p/CDK1 Axis
Authors: Li Qiu , Bian Yuan , Li Qiaolian
Published: March 2021

Evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) play pivotal roles in cancer promotion as well as suppression. But the molecular mechanism of lncRNA TMPO antisense transcript 1 (TMPO-AS1) in lung cancer (LC) remains unclear. This study mainly investigated the effect of TMPO-AS1 in LC treatment. TMPO-AS1 was tested by Kaplan-Meier method. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to assess the expressions of TMPO-AS1, miR-143-3p, and CDK1 respectively in LC tissues and cell lines. TMPO-AS1, miR-143-3p and CDK1 expressions in LC cells were regulated through cell transfection, followed by MTT for cell viability detection. Besides, dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify the interrelated microRNA of TMPO-AS1 and the target of miR-143-3p. Western blot experiments were used to examine the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, and flow cytometry tested the cell apoptosis in treated cells. TMPO-AS1 and CDK1 were overexpressed in LC tissues and cells, while miR-143-3p level was suppressed. The decrease of TMPO-AS1 led to the increase of miR-143-3p, which further resulted in the reduction of CDK1. Down-regulating TMPO-AS1 reduced LC cell viability, motivated cell apoptosis, as well as promoted the expressions of Bcl and CCND1 and restrained Caspase-3 level, but all these consequences were abrogated by miR-143-3p inhibitor. Simultaneously, siCDK1 could reverse the anti-apoptosis and pro-activity functions of miR-143-3p inhibitor in LC cells. Down-regulation of TMPO-AS1 has the effects of pro-apoptosis in LC by manipulating miR-143-3p/CDK1, which is hopeful to be a novel therapy for LC patients.
Comparative Study Between Silver Nanoparticles Dressing (SilvrSTAT Gel) and Conventional Dressing in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Essa Mohamed S. , Ahmad Khaled S. , Zayed Mohamed E. , Ibrahim Samia G.
Published: March 2021

Background

We are trying to evaluate silver nanoparticles’ effectiveness (SilvrSTAT Gel) in accelerating healing rate of nonischemic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

Methods

This prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study includes 80 patients with nonischemic DFUs classified into 2 groups. Group A was subjected to SilvrSTAT Gel dressing, and group B was subjected to conventional dressing (wet-to-moist dressing with or without povidone-iodine). All cases had minimal debridement before treatment. In both groups, all cases were nonischemic after successful revascularization either by bypass surgery or endovascular therapy.

Results

The healing rate of the SilvrSTAT group was significantly higher than that of the conventional group. The healing rate per week of the SilvrSTAT group was considerably higher than that of the conventional group ( P < .0001). The rate of complete healing for ulcers in group A was achieved in 22 patients (55%) by the 6th week, while 29 (72.5%), 34 (85%), and 36 (90%) patients were healed entirely by the 8th, 10th, and 12th weeks, respectively. In group B: 20 (50%), 27 (67.5%), and 30 (75%) patients were completeley healed by the 8th, 10th, and 12th weeks, respectively.

Conclusions

SilvrSTATGel is effective in the treatment of DFU.
Job Referrals in the Global South
Authors: Ibañez Lindsey
Published: March 2021

Most sociological studies of job searching are from higher-income, industrialized countries, often referred to as the Global North. Much less is understood about job search behavior in the lower-income countries of the Global South, where there are fewer labor market institutions, weaker social safety nets, higher underemployment, more informality, and more precarity. In this environment of deprivation and insecurity, low-wage workers in the Global South turn to their personal networks for the resources that markets and states cannot provide. While job referrals allow workers to earn a living, however, they also extend employer surveillance and control beyond the bounds of the employment relation.
Working for Justice in Argentina
Authors: Sobering Katherine
Published: March 2021

Worker-recuperated businesses, like the Hotel Bauen highlighted in this essay, are organizations that were closed by their private owners, occupied by their workers, and restarted as cooperatives. As the author learned over the course of her fieldwork, many were established not only to save jobs, but also to create better jobs. Studies of workplaces in the Global North often detail how workplace policies can lessen the degree or severity of unequal treatment. But some organizations guided by principles of democracy, justice, and self-management take a more radical approach: to actively promote equality at work.
Nightly Rhythms of Global Work
Authors: Aneesh A.
Published: March 2021

This essay explores the burdens of nightwork through the eyes of call center employees in India. India’s call centers are revealing of the ways in which work lives are reorganized to fit global processes. When the nights of agents are hitched directly to the days of other places, we witness not only a triumph of the global economy; we also notice certain dysfunctions of a functionally integrated world.
“Hong Kong, Add Oil!”: The Lennon Walls in the 2019 Hong Kong Movement
Authors: Li Yao-Tai , Liu John Chung-En
Published: March 2021

In June 2019, millions poured onto the streets of Hong Kong to protest the proposed Extradition Bill. In addition to physical confrontations between the police and protesters on the streets, Lennon Walls were also erected. This essay captures the zeitgeist of the Hong Kong 2019 movement through post-it notes on Lennon Walls across Hong Kong’s major districts.
Genome-wide association study identifies candidate loci associated with chronic pain and postherpetic neuralgia
Authors: Nishizawa Daisuke , Iseki Masako , Arita Hideko , Hanaoka Kazuo , Yajima Choku , Kato Jitsu , Ogawa Setsuro , Hiranuma Ayako , Kasai Shinya , Hasegawa Junko , Hayashida Masakazu , Ikeda Kazutaka
Published: March 2021

Background

Human twin studies and other studies have indicated that chronic pain has heritability that ranges from 30% to 70%. We aimed to identify potential genetic variants that contribute to the susceptibility to chronic pain and efficacy of administered drugs. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs) using whole-genome genotyping arrays with more than 700,000 markers in 191 chronic pain patients and a subgroup of 89 patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in addition to 282 healthy control subjects in several genetic models, followed by additional gene-based and gene-set analyses of the same phenotypes. We also performed a GWAS for the efficacy of drugs for the treatment of pain.

Results

Although none of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be genome-wide significantly associated with chronic pain ( p ≥ 1.858 × 10−7), the GWAS of PHN patients revealed that the rs4773840 SNP within the ABCC4 gene region was significantly associated with PHN in the trend model (nominal p = 1.638 × 10−7). In the additional gene-based analysis, one gene, PRKCQ, was significantly associated with chronic pain in the trend model (adjusted p = 0.03722). In the gene-set analysis, several gene sets were significantly associated with chronic pain and PHN. No SNPs were significantly associated with the efficacy of any of types of drugs in any of the genetic models.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the PRKCQ gene and rs4773840 SNP within the ABCC4 gene region may be related to the susceptibility to chronic pain conditions and PHN, respectively.
The Construct of Subjective Economic Inequality
Authors: Schmalor Anita , Heine Steven J.
Published: March 2021

Economic inequality has been associated with a host of social ills, but most research has focused on objective measures of inequality. We argue that economic inequality also has a subjective component, and understanding the effects of economic inequality will be deepened by considering the ways that people perceive inequality. In an American sample ( N = 1,014), we find that some of the key variables that past research has found to correlate with objective inequality also correlate with a subjective measure of inequality. Across six countries ( N = 683), we find that the relationship between subjective inequality and different psychological variables varies by country. Subjective inequality shows only modest correlations with objective inequality and varies by sociodemographic background.
Sustainable Supply Management Practices and Sustainability Performance: The Dynamic Capability Perspective
Authors: Raza Jamshed , Liu Yuxin , Zhang Jianwei , Zhu Nan , Hassan Zohaib , Gul Habib , Hussain Sikander
Published: March 2021

This study aims to build and examine a model of sustainable supply management (SSM) practices and sustainability performance (SP) from a dynamic capability perspective. More precisely, this article examines whether SSM practices have an affect on SP, and this relation is mediated by supply chain risk management (SCRM) and network capability (NC), and moderated by firm size. We collected data from 436 supply management professionals through a survey instrument from six manufacturing and logistics companies in China. The hypothesized direct and indirect linkages were tested through structural equation modeling. Our findings highlight that SSM practices positively affect SCRM, NC, and SP. The link between SSM practices and SP is mediated by SCRM and NC. The results indicate that firm size moderate the hypothesized relationships differentially based on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) versus large enterprises. Our study is novel in establishing empirically how SSM practices influence SP as an integrative model bringing together firm size, SCRM, and NC. Our empirical results have critical implications for both supply chain management literature and supply management professionals.
A Higher Order Internalizing Dimension Predicts Response to Partial Hospitalization Treatment
Authors: Conway Christopher C. , Snorrason Ivar , Beard Courtney , Forgeard Marie , Cuthbert Kristy , Björgvinsson Thröstur
Published: March 2021

Mental disorders may be best represented by dimensional constructs that span traditional diagnostic boundaries. There is evidence that empirically derived dimensional phenotypes improve nosology and etiological research, but less is known about their clinical utility. We compared dimensional and categorical representations of anxiety and depression as predictors of response to psychological treatment in a large patient sample ( N = 3,760). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that an internalizing factor—hypothesized to be the substrate of anxiety and depression—explained correlations among interview-based diagnoses at treatment outset. The internalizing factor had consistent, albeit sometimes modest, prospective associations with all treatment outcome measures: global clinical improvement, anxiety and depression symptoms, and need for inpatient hospitalization (standardized effect range = .13–.43). Categorical diagnoses—except major depression—did not reliably predict treatment outcome after adjusting for the higher order internalizing dimension. We conclude that reorienting clinical assessment around transdiagnostic phenotypes might enhance prognosis and other aspects of clinical decision-making.
Who Wears the MAGA Hat? Racial Beliefs and Faith in Trump
Authors: Graham Amanda , Cullen Francis T. , Butler Leah C. , Burton Alexander L. , Burton Velmer S.
Published: March 2021

On the basis of a 2019 YouGov survey of white respondents ( n = 734), the impact of racial beliefs on support for Donald Trump was explored. The analysis revealed that in addition to racial resentment, white nationalism—a desire to keep the United States white demographically and culturally—was strongly related to faith in Trump. Analyses based on a 2019 Amazon Mechanical Turk survey yielded similar results and also showed that white nationalism increased willingness to wear a MAGA hat. Future research on the political consequences of racial beliefs should focus on what whites think not only of blacks but also of themselves.
Secondary traumatic stress, burnout and compassion satisfaction among Flemish foster care workers during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Verheyden Camille , Van Holen Frank , West Delphine , Vanderfaeillie Johan
Published: March 2021

This study examines secondary traumatic stress (STS), burnout and compassion satisfaction (CS) in Flemish foster care workers (FCW) during the COVID-19 lockdown. Even though child welfare workers are at increased risk for STS and burnout, these constructs have not been studied in FCW so far. Additionally, the COVID-19 measures severely impacted Flemish FCW’s work, personal and client environment, possibly stimulating the onset of STS and burnout and weakening CS. Moreover, this study aims to identify the work, client and personal factors determining high levels of STS and burnout and low levels of CS among FCW during the lockdown. STS, burnout and CS levels from 434 Flemish FCW were inquired with the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Low mean levels of STS and moderate mean levels of burnout and CS were reported during the lockdown. FCW who experienced a negative impact of COVID-19 measures on their work, had a high amount of worrisome placements due to birth parents in their caseload and low emotional stability are an at-risk group for both STS and burnout during the lockdown. CS was strongly determined by the impact of the COVID-19 measures on work and personality traits. Emotional stability determined the three outcome variables, making this a key characteristics for FCW during the lockdown. Consequently, during adverse circumstances, foster care agencies should pay extra attention and offer additional support to those FCW they estimate emotionally less stable and who struggle with the birth parents in their caseload.