bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of Financial Management System Model Based on Internet Technology
Authors: Bao Xiuwen
Published: May 2022

Based on the continuous development of Internet technology, the Internet has been fully applied in many fields. How can enterprises effectively use Internet technology to improve production efficiency, optimize the operating environment, and consolidate overall profitability? Combining the actual situation of enterprises with Internet technology has become one of the hot issues in the current society. With the increasing business volume of enterprises, the financial data generated by the data management system of enterprise financial department has become increasingly huge. At the same time, a large amount of financial data plays a vital role in the development of enterprises. In this paper, two data processing technologies, big data technology and data mining technology, are adopted to design and optimize the enterprise financial management model under the framework of Internet. It is very important and urgent to use data mining technology to realize the systematic management of enterprise finance, and it is also of practical value to study huge enterprise financial data based on data mining. In order to maintain sustainable development in the fierce market competition, enterprises must change the existing financial analysis work mode. Based on the theory of enterprise financial management under Internet information, this paper compares the factors affecting the financial management mode. Therefore, it is necessary to design the financial management model of enterprises.
The Construction and Empirical Research of College English Multimodal Teaching from the Perspective of New Media
Authors: Cao Shuting , Chen Rui , Liu Haiyuan , Shi Ruolin
Published: May 2022

In order to analyze the multimodal discourse in college English teaching, this paper proposes a multimodal discourse method for college English teaching based on the new media context. The basic structure of the questionnaire is analyzed from four dimensions; secondly, students are selected as the survey samples to understand the students’ true feelings about English subjects and teachers’ teaching, and the questionnaires are analyzed according to the three dimensions of the student’s questionnaire structure. Supported by the theory of “complex dynamic development” and “second language motivational self-system,” case tracking of three English majors was carried out. Data analysis shows that under the condition of multimodal language input, the learning motivation of individual learners in the second language classroom presents a relatively stable dynamic development trend, as well as nonlinear dynamic development characteristics in a specific period. College English teaching has been improved by the method raised in this research.
Unsupervised English Intelligent Machine Translation in Wireless Network Environment
Authors: Zhang Bing
Published: May 2022

Researchers suggest unsupervised English machine translation to address the absence of parallel corpus in English translation. Unsupervised pretraining techniques, denoising autoencoders, back translation, and shared latent representation mechanisms are used to simulate the translation task using just monolingual corpora. This paper uses pseudo-parallel data to construct unsupervised neural machine translation (NMT) and dissimilar language pair analysis. This paper firstly analyzes the low performance of unsupervised translation on dissimilar language pairs from three aspects: bilingual word embedding quality, shared words, and word order. And artificial shared word replacement and preordering strategies are proposed to increase the shared words between dissimilar language pairs and reduce the difference in their syntactic structure, thereby improving the translation performance on dissimilar language pairs. The denoising autoencoder and shared latent representation mechanism in unsupervised English machine translation are only required in the early stage of training, and learning the shared latent representation limits the further improvement of performance in different directions. While training the denoising autoencoder by repeatedly altering the training data slows down the convergence of the model, this is especially true for divergent languages. This paper presents an unsupervised NMT model based on pseudo-parallel data to address this issue. It trains two standard supervised neural machine translation models using the pseudo-parallel corpus generated by the unsupervised neural machine translation system, which enhances translation performance and speeds convergence. Finally, the English intelligent translation model is deployed in the wireless network server, and users can access it through the wireless network.
Intelligent Teaching of Tennis Based on Human Skeleton Node Model
Authors: Peng Daibin , Liu Yonghong
Published: May 2022

In order to improve the effect of tennis intelligent teaching, this paper combines the human skeleton node model to construct a tennis intelligent teaching model. Aiming at the fact that there are errors in model identification and positional disturbances such as friction which cannot be avoided in actual tennis teaching, an effective sliding mode control strategy based on disturbance observer is presented. Moreover, this paper builds a simulation model through MATLAB/Simulink to verify the influence of the three parameters of inertia, damping, and stiffness in the admittance model on the control performance. Then, this paper combines the admittance control theory to analyze the difference between the active mode and the passive mode and the main functions of the two control modes and constructs an intelligent simulation system. The experimental study shows that the tennis intelligent teaching model based on the human skeleton node model has good effects in tennis action correction and tennis-teaching effect improvement.
A Short Text Similarity Calculation Method Combining Semantic and Headword Attention Mechanism
Authors: Ji Mingyu , Zhang Xinhai
Published: May 2022

Short text similarity computation plays an important role in various natural language processing tasks. Siamese neural networks are widely used in short text similarity calculation. However, due to the complexity of syntax and the correlation between words, siamese networks alone cannot achieve satisfactory results. Many studies show that the use of an attention mechanism will improve the impact of key features that can be utilized to measure sentence similarity. In this paper, a similarity calculation method is proposed which combines semantics and a headword attention mechanism. First, a BiGRU model is utilized to extract contextual information. After obtaining the headword set, the semantically enhanced representations of the two sentences are obtained through an attention mechanism and character splicing. Finally, we use a one-dimensional convolutional neural network to fuse the word embedding information with the contextual information. The experimental results on the ATEC and MSRP datasets show that the recall and F1 values of the proposed model are significantly improved through the introduction of the headword attention mechanism.
Forecast of Water Structure Based on GM (1, 1) of the Gray System
Authors: Dong Yanan , Ren Zheng , Li Lian Hui
Published: May 2022

A forecast approach of water structure based on GM (1, 1) of the gray system is proposed. Based on economic and water information of Hebei Province from 2000 to 2018, the water use structure of Hebei’s industrial sector form 2019 to 2030 is forecasted according to the composition data and gray system GM (1, 1) model. The forecasting results by the proposed approach shows that the water structure of the tertiary industry has changed from 62.8 : 10.3 : 26.9 in 2018 to 60.5 : 10.2 : 29.3 in 2030. The proportion of water used in the primary and secondary industries has decreased slightly, the proportion of water used in the tertiary industry has increased, and the proportion of water used in the tertiary industry has not changed significantly.
[Retracted] Investigation of the Role of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris in Periodontitis around Abutments of Fixed Prostheses
Authors: Hussein Saif Ali Mohammed , Kareem Rehab Aamer , Al-Dahbi Ali Maki Hamed , Birhan Mequanint
Published: May 2022

This study included the role of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris in oral diseases such as periodontitis. Material and Method. Isolation and identification of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris from a saliva sample of twenty patients wearing fixed dental prostheses suffering from periodontitis followed by estimating susceptibility generally to the most common antibiotics and specifically to chlorhexidine (CHX) to determine the MIC of CHX and also screening of the strength of biofilm production under aerobic and anaerobic conditions; here, the study included six groups: Group I: screening of biofilm formation under aerobic condition, Group II: screening the MIC of CHX effect on biofilm formation under aerobic condition, Group III: screening of the MIC of CHX effect on preformed biofilm under aerobic condition, Group IV: screening of biofilm formation under anaerobic condition, Group V: screening of MIC of CHX effect on biofilm formation under anaerobic condition, and Group VI: screening of MIC of CHX effect on preformed biofilm under anaerobic condition. Results. The results showed that about 5 (25%) isolates were identified as L. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris, while 75% are other isolates. Furthermore, susceptibility results to antibiotic showed the sensitivity to penicillin (100%), azithromycin (100%), ciprofloxacin (100%), tetracycline (100%), gentamicin (100%), doxycycline (100%), vancomycin (100%), ofloxacin (60%), chloramphenicol (80%), ampicillin (80%), and cefoxitin (60%). On the other side, the biofilm production assays revealed that all isolates were moderate biofilm former under the aerobic and anaerobic conditions but for the biofilm treated with MIC of CHX, the current study noticed that the strength of the biofilm became weaker in aerobic and anaerobic conditions; regardless, the strength of the biofilm under anaerobic conditions was higher than in that under aerobic conditions, with no significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 depending on the statistical analysis (T‐test) before and after the treatment with MIC of CHX in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Conclusions. The presence of mesenteroides subsp. cremoris in the oral cavity is due to eating foods and vegetables; based on the strength of the biofilm and sensitivity tests, the isolates have less pathogenicity in the oral cavity due to the weakness of the biofilm production and the lack of resistance to antibiotics.
Rheological Analysis of Soft Rock Unloading Combined with Finite Element Analysis Based on H-K Constitutive Model
Authors: Sun Tengge , Fu Houli
Published: May 2022

The rheological and mechanical features of soft rock in the unloading environment differ in terms of the timeliness under the conditions of loaded rock. For the purpose of analyzing the stability of soft rock in the rheological process accurately, the finite element analysis algorithm based on the H-K constitutive model is used to analyze its nonlinear rheological features and adjust the changes in the surrounding rock stress in a timely manner during the excavation of soft rock. In accordance with the rheological acceleration features of soft rock at the rheological stage, the damage produced at the rheological acceleration stage of soft rock is modified by using the finite element analysis (FEA) method. Through fitting the algorithm to the analysis, it can be concluded that the application of the finite element analysis method based on the H-K constitutive model can present the image of the rheological nonlinearity of soft rock accurately. Finally, the results of the experimental research indicate that through the application of the finite element analysis algorithm based on the H-K constitutive model in the process of rheological analysis of soft rock, the advantageous performance of the rheological and mechanical properties of soft rock can be presented more evidently. However, with the decrease in the surrounding air pressure, the deviatoric stress of the soft rock will become increasingly larger. In the case of an axial change, the corresponding rate of deformation will increase in the range of 12%–35%. The rate of deformation in the lateral soft rock will fluctuate in the range of 9%–28% in accordance with the corresponding growth rate. This suggests that soft rock unloading can reduce the constraint of particles sliding inside the soft rock, which will further increase the rate of deformation change.
Repair Effect of Nanomaterials on Meniscus Injury Induced by Calisthenics Exercise
Authors: Lian Wensuo , Wang Jinling
Published: May 2022

With the development of aerobics, more and more college students participate in this sport, but more and more sports injuries of students. Sports injuries directly or indirectly affect the normal study and life of college students. Therefore, it is very important to study the sports injuries of college students and their causes for improving the sports level of college students and promoting their healthy growth. And it provides proper precautions. This paper presents the investigation of nanomaterials, deep learning, and MRI images of meniscal injuries and concludes that the injury rate of high‐level competitive aerobics athletes is 100%, and the top 4 injured parts are the wrist, ankle, waist, and knee. It can be seen that the meniscus injury occurs more frequently.
Association of Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy with Visual Prognosis in Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liang Siying , Chen Qingshan , Hu Chenli , Chen Miaohong
Published: May 2022

Background. The association between paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and visual acuity in patients with retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is unknown. This study explored the clinical features and prognostic factors for visual acuity of RAO accompanied by PAMM. Methods. This retrospective study included patients with RAO who underwent FFA and OCT examinations at Shenzhen Eye Hospital from July 2015 to June 2019. The changes in vision and macular structure were observed. Results. Eighty-eight patients were included. There were 58 patients (65.9%) with central RAO (CRAO) and 30 (34.1%) with branch RAO (BRAO). Fifty-two eyes were diagnosed with PAMM, of which 33 eyes (63.5%) were from CRAO patients and 19 (36.5%) were from BRAO patients. At diagnosis, the PAMM group had significantly better logMAR BCVA values than the no-PAMM group (median (IQR), 1.35 (0.725–2) vs. 2.15 (1.47–2.3),

P
=
0.002

). In addition, the PAMM group had significantly better logMAR BCVA values during follow-up than the no-PAMM group (median (IQR), 1 (0.05–2) vs. 2 (1.15–2.3),

P
=
0.001

). After adjustment for age, gender, CRAO/BRAO, comorbidities, and symptom duration, PAMM was associated with good visual acuity improvement (RR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.29–8.37,

P
=
0.013

). Conclusion. PAMM was associated with good visual acuity improvement during follow-up in patients with RAO.
Effects of Metoprolol Succinate Combined with Entresto on Cardiac Function Indexes and Coagulation Function in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Ding Yuanyuan , Wei Zufa , Li Jian , Zhu Ling
Published: May 2022

Objective. To investigate the effects of metoprolol succinate combined with Entresto (Sacubitril Valsartan Sodium Tablets) on cardiac function and coagulation function in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods. About 120 patients with CHF treated from April 2018 to April 2021 were enrolled in our hospital. The patients were arbitrarily assigned into control group and study group. The control group was cured with metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets, and the study group was cured with metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets combined with Entresto. The curative effect, cardiac function, vascular endothelial function, oxidative stress, and coagulation function were compared. Results. First of all, we compared the general data, and there exhibited no difference in age, sex, course of disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and other general data (

P
>
0.05

). Second, we compared the clinical efficacy. The effective rate of the study group (98.33%) was higher (90.00%) (

P
<
0.05

). There exhibited no significant difference in cardiac function indexes before treatment, but after treatment, LVEF increased, LVESD and LVEDD decreased, LVESD and LVEDD in the study group were lower, and LVEF in the study group was higher (

P
<
0.05

). Before treatment, there exhibited no significant difference in vascular endothelial function. However, the levels of CGRP and ET increased and the level of NO decreased, and the level of NO in the study group was lower, while the levels of CGRP and ET in the study group were higher after treatment (

P
<
0.05

). There exhibited no significant difference in oxidative stress indexes before treatment, however, the levels of GSH-Px and SOD increased and the levels of MDA decreased after treatment, while the level of MDA in the study group was lower, while the levels of GSH-Px and SOD in the study group were higher (

P
<
0.05

). Finally, we compared the indexes of blood coagulation function. There exhibited no significant difference before treatment, but after treatment, the levels of APTT, PT, and FIB decreased, and the levels of APTT, PT, and FIB in the study group were lower (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Clinical practice demonstrated that LVESD and LVEDD decreased and LVEF increased after treatment with Entresto combined with metoprolol in CHF patients, which can effectively facilitate cardiac function and vascular endothelial function, reduce oxidative stress reaction, and improve blood coagulation indexes, suggesting that Entresto combined with metoprolol can improve ventricular remodeling with good safety.
Neural Tracking in Infancy Predicts Language Development in Children With and Without Family History of Autism
Authors: Menn Katharina H. , Ward Emma K. , Braukmann Ricarda , van den Boomen Carlijn , Buitelaar Jan , Hunnius Sabine , Snijders Tineke M.
Published: May 2022

During speech processing, neural activity in non-autistic adults and infants tracks the speech envelope. Recent research in adults indicates that this neural tracking relates to linguistic knowledge and may be reduced in autism. Such reduced tracking, if present already in infancy, could impede language development. In the current study, we focused on children with a family history of autism, who often show a delay in first language acquisition. We investigated whether differences in tracking of sung nursery rhymes during infancy relate to language development and autism symptoms in childhood. We assessed speech-brain coherence at either 10 or 14 months of age in a total of 22 infants with high likelihood of autism due to family history and 19 infants without family history of autism. We analyzed the relationship between speech-brain coherence in these infants and their vocabulary at 24 months as well as autism symptoms at 36 months. Our results showed significant speech-brain coherence in the 10- and 14-month-old infants. We found no evidence for a relationship between speech-brain coherence and later autism symptoms. Importantly, speech-brain coherence in the stressed syllable rate (1–3 Hz) predicted later vocabulary. Follow-up analyses showed evidence for a relationship between tracking and vocabulary only in 10-month-olds but not in 14-month-olds and indicated possible differences between the likelihood groups. Thus, early tracking of sung nursery rhymes is related to language development in childhood.
Research Progress on Biotreatment of Arsenic Pollution
Authors: Zhang Erke , Deng Xinhui , Zhou Guiyin
Published: May 2022

Arsenic (As) occur widely in the environment and is generally recognized as toxic metalloids. With the development of society, Arsenic pollution has become a serious environmental problem, threatening people’s health. Especially, trivalent arsenic [As(III)] is the most toxic and
harmful. This review focuses on the current status of arsenic pollution, measures of arsenic pollution, screening for trivalent arsenic oxiding bacteria and pentavalent arsenic [As(V)] reducing bacteria, oxidation mechanism, reduction mechanism and future research directions. It aims to provide
references for exploring biological technologies and biobased materilas for the arsenic contamination.
Boron’s Exogenous-Spraying and the Postharvest Quality of Perlette and Kings Ruby Cvs. Grapes by Enhancing the Gas Exchange, Antioxidants, and Total Sugars
Authors: kareem Abdul , Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmed , Sami Rokayya , Algarni Eman , Alshehry Garsa , Aljumayi Huda , Al-Mushhin Amina A. M. , Al Masoudi Luluah M. , Aloufi Salman , Benajiba Nada , Maklad Mahmoud F. , Zewail Reda M.Y. , El-Gioushy Sherif Fathy
Published: May 2022

The impact of boron’s pre-harvest treatments on the quality of early grapes cultivars “Perlette” and “King’s Ruby” under room and storage temperatures were explored. The vines were exhibited to foliar applications with 0, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40% boron
at 15 d break after spraying fruit till maturity. Foliage studies for photosynthesis activity, pre- and post-harvest, and overall analysis of fruits were performed each 7d intervals for 4 wk. A 0.30% boron enhanced the vines’ physicochemical properties of the photosynthesis activity.
Meanwhile, boron was used to improve ascorbic acid, which improved the postharvest properties of grapevine while decreasing the repulsive phenolic content. Grape cv. “Perlette” and “King’s Ruby” delivered 31.12 and 33.65 percent more than the control, respectively,
at 0.30 percent of boron. TSS were about 8.9 and 13.7% in cvs at the same period. ‘Perlette’ and Kings Ruby, compared with the untreated treatment. Grapes treated with 0.30% yielded (18.08 and 32.18%) and (27.25 and 18.65%) higher overall phenolic content and antioxidants in cvs.
‘Perlette and’ King’s Ruby’ respectively. After 28 days, 0.30 percent of the foliar treatment loses 56.06 and 49.88 percent of the sugar in the grapes, respectively. Grapes from ‘Perlette’ and ‘King’s Ruby,’ individually. Thus, in comparable
semi-arid regions, the use of boron foliar treatment might be advised for increasing the postharvest life of grapes.
Power and Positionality in Participatory Budgeting
Authors: Martínez Airín D
Published: May 2022

There have been few analyses that discuss how power relations present in participatory budgeting (PB) may hinder or facilitate the future of PB. Drawing from PB examples in the United States we discuss the importance of power and positionality analyses during PB stages with the most deliberative participation for community members: forming steering committees, holding local assemblies, and selecting budgets. We discuss power struggles that stem from the lack of transparency in establishing budgets and representing implicated actors in communities. We discuss the importance of analyzing the positionality of municipal actors and community members throughout the life of PB projects. The paper ends by suggesting lessons that future PB initiatives can glean from community-based participatory research (CBPR) in public health, specifically, engaging in co-learning processes, capacity building among all partners, and the equitable distribution of resources between communities. These CBPR principles may facilitate countering narratives about community participation and foment institutional change in the ways local jurisdictions allocate PB budgets and prioritize policy agendas.
Facilitating Deliberative Play
Authors: Sprain Leah
Published: May 2022

Craig (2023) offers deliberative play as a communicative practice that advances deliberative goals even though it is not per se deliberative. This playful interaction includes indeterminacy or uncertainty of outcome, to-and-fro movement, and an as-if ontology that can be either cooperative or competitive. I draw on the concept of deliberative play and interaction from deliberative events to generate practical theory to guide deliberative facilitators. The analysis demonstrates metacommunicative cues of the deliberative play frame, particularly even-if questions. It also contributes this to the theoretical development of deliberative play by suggesting that some of the instrumental concerns of facilitators (e.g., maintaining engagement and active participation in the creation of new meanings and actionable knowledge) might productively be considered part of deliberative play to help distinguish when to-and-fro movement stops contributing to deliberative goals. This practical theory provides facilitators ways to recognize nondeliberative interaction that can advance deliberative ends.
The Way we Were: How Histories of Co-Governance Alleviate Partisan Hostility
Authors: Horne Will , Adams James , Gidron Noam
Published: May 2022

Comparative politics scholars argue that consensual democratic institutions encourage power-sharing that promotes “kinder, gentler” politics. We uncover one reason why this is the case: elite inter-party cooperation in consensual systems is associated with reduced inter-party hostility in the mass public. This is because governing parties’ supporters feel much more warmly toward their coalition partner(s) than we can explain based on policy agreement alone. Moreover, these warm affective evaluations linger long after the coalition itself has dissolved. We substantiate our arguments via analyses of CSES survey data from 19 Western democracies between 1996 and 2017, showing that current and past co-governance is associated with substantially warmer inter-party affective evaluations. This implies that electoral systems which encourage coalition governance may defuse partisan hostility.
Knowing When to Pass: The Effect of AI Reliability in Risky Decision Contexts
Authors: Elder Hannah , Canfield Casey , Shank Daniel B. , Rieger Tobias , Hines Casey
Published: May 2022

Objective

This study manipulates the presence and reliability of AI recommendations for risky decisions to measure the effect on task performance, behavioral consequences of trust, and deviation from a probability matching collaborative decision-making model.

Background

Although AI decision support improves performance, people tend to underutilize AI recommendations, particularly when outcomes are uncertain. As AI reliability increases, task performance improves, largely due to higher rates of compliance (following action recommendations) and reliance (following no-action recommendations).

Methods

In a between-subject design, participants were assigned to a high reliability AI, low reliability AI, or a control condition. Participants decided whether to bet that their team would win in a series of basketball games tying compensation to performance. We evaluated task performance (in accuracy and signal detection terms) and the behavioral consequences of trust (via compliance and reliance).

Results

AI recommendations improved task performance, had limited impact on risk-taking behavior, and were under-valued by participants. Accuracy, sensitivity ( d’), and reliance increased in the high reliability AI condition, but there was no effect on response bias ( c) or compliance. Participant behavior was only consistent with a probability matching model for compliance in the low reliability condition.

Conclusion

In a pay-off structure that incentivized risk-taking, the primary value of the AI recommendations was in determining when to perform no action (i.e., pass on bets).

Application

In risky contexts, designers need to consider whether action or no-action recommendations will be more influential to design appropriate interventions.
Mapping the lie: A smallest space analysis of truthful and deceptive mock-informant accounts
Authors: Moffett Lee , Oxburgh Gavin E , Dresser Paul , Gabbert Fiona
Published: May 2022

Detecting informant deception is a key concern for law enforcement officers, with implications for resource-management, operational decision-making and protecting officers from risk of harm. However, the situational dilemma of a police informant, otherwise known as a Covert Human Intelligence Source (CHIS), is unique. Informants are tasked to obtain information about the transgressive actions or intentions of their associates, knowing they will later disclose this information to a handler. Thus, techniques for detecting deception in other forensic scenarios may not be transferrable to an informant interview. Utilising truthful and deceptive transcripts from a unique mock-informant role play paradigm, Smallest Space Analysis was used to map the co-occurrence of content themes. Results found that deceptive content frequently co-occurred with emotive and low-potency content themes. This provides support for the future analysis of verbal content when seeking to detect informant deception.
Adding Insult to Injury: Arrests Reduce Attendance through Institutional Mechanisms
Authors: Mark Nicholas D. E. , Geller Amanda , Engberg John
Published: May 2022

Students across the United States experience high levels of contact with the police. To clarify the causal relationships of this contact with educational outcomes and the mechanisms by which such relationships arise, we estimate the effects of arrest on student engagement with school using daily attendance data. Recently arrested students missed significantly more school than did students who would be arrested later in the school year. The effects of arrest on attendance can be attributed to suspensions and court appearances; we found little evidence of changes in absences due to health or skipping school. These results suggest that institutional, not student centric, mechanisms drive the relationship between arrest and educational outcomes. Were it not for institutional channels, particularly exclusionary discipline, arrested students would likely remain more engaged in school. Estimates are similar for white and black students, but black students are differentially affected because they are arrested at higher rates.
Post-Graduation Work Visas and Loopholes: Insights into Support Provision for International Graduates from the Perspectives of Migration Agents, Universities, and International Graduates
Authors: Tran Ly Thi , Bui Huyen , Tan George , Rahimi Mar
Published: May 2022

Background: Major host countries of international students such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and the US have introduced post-study work rights as a strategic policy to both enhance their destination attraction and support international students’ post-graduation work experiences. While this policy is generally welcomed by both host institutions and international students, little is known about the support mechanism for the growing cohort of international student graduates who stay in their countries of study on temporary graduate visas, especially in relation to major concerns such as post-graduation work, visa application, and migration pathways. Objective: This article fills an important gap in the existing literature. It aims to assess the role of universities in supporting their international alumni on temporary visas. Research Design: It is derived from a study that includes 50 interviews with university staff, agents, and international graduates. It uses positioning theory as a conceptual framework. Results: The findings of the study raise concerns about the scope of university advice. It reports loopholes which legitimize the practices of migration agents to the conditions that enable them to exercise their exclusive rights in providing work-migration nexus advice to international students and graduates, making this cohort vulnerable to exploitation of unethical agents. The study provides the evidence base to develop recommendations for related stakeholders in improving the post-graduation experiences of international student graduates who remain in the host countries on temporary visas.
Determinants of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: A one-year follow-up study
Authors: Ray Colter D. , Shebib Samantha J.
Published: May 2022

An initial study on loneliness during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States found that those who were living alone or who were single experienced greater loneliness than those who lived with others or were in a romantic relationship. This study presents follow-up analyses using data collected from the same sample ( N = 428) at a total of five points in time throughout the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Unlike most studies using a longitudinal design to track loneliness throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the results of this study showed that loneliness scores generally decreased over this time period. However, additional analyses showed that when participants experienced a de-escalation in their romantic relationship status (e.g., transitioning from being in a dating relationship to being single or from being married to separated), loneliness scores increased. Because prior research shows a connection between living alone and loneliness, the researchers also tested whether decreases in the number of people one lives with predicted increases in loneliness. The data was inconsistent with this prediction. Overall, these findings join a minority of other longitudinal studies investigating loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic that found either a decrease or no change in loneliness, while also illustrating that increases in loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic occurred after people experienced a de-escalation in their romantic relationship status. These findings underscore the importance of life events during the COVID-19 pandemic that may increase loneliness—specifically transitioning out of romantic relationships. Thus, future research on predictors of loneliness should continue to use longitudinal designs to determine how changes in one’s life predict changes in loneliness.
A mathematical model for biomechanical behavior of the aortic arch
Authors: Zandvakili Hamid , Hassani Kamran , Khorramymehr Siamak
Published: May 2022

The aortic arch plays a significant role in homeostatic mechanisms to retain blood pressure at stable balance in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the objective is to estimate and identify cardiovascular illness imposed by the abnormal blood hemodynamic domain. In this regard, hemodynamic forces are monitored by the baroreflex of the artery wall. Therefore, these receptors quickly detect the abnormal stress magnitudes in the aortic arterial wall. The present study presents a 3D aortic arch model extracted by a Computerized tomography scan. Also, the numerical solution was carried out by ANSYS 2020 R1 in view of Fluid-Structure Interaction After that, we found wall shear stress (WSS), pressure, and velocity in the fluid domain. Also, the normal stress was analyzed to determine the aortic arch baroreflex location in the solid range. In this regard, higher WSS values are measured at the supra-aortic branches going out the aortic arch that reached 42.5 Pa. Also, higher normal stress happened at the aortic root and the supra-aortic branches and reached approximately 200 kPa at peak systole.
Towards a conceptual framework of enterprise support for pro-environmental small and medium-sized enterprises: A contextualised review of diverse knowledge domains
Authors: Paterson Fred , Baranova Polina , Gallotta Bruno
Published: May 2022

Whilst there are well-established bodies of knowledge about enterprise support and the role of entrepreneurial learning for SMEs (Small and medium-sized enterprises) in general and a growing body of evidence relating to environmental capabilities, green/eco-innovation, sustainable supply chains and green skills for SMEs in particular, there is little empirical and peer reviewed literature that address approaches to enterprise support specifically focussed on the needs of the growing number of pro-environmental SMEs. This study undertakes a contextualised review of diverse knowledge domains to identify the key features of enterprise support for pro-environmental SMEs. In doing so, the paper plots the knowledge journey of experienced academic programme providers, from the initial design of an enterprise support programme for pro-environmental SMEs, through a thematic review of academic, grey and other related literature and finally presents a propositional and normative conceptual framework that proposes eight key features of enterprise support for pro-environmental SMEs. The resulting ‘framework for action’ aims to offer a practical tool for providers of pro-environmental enterprise support to review and improve their own provision, an analytical frame for other researchers in this field and a benchmark for SMEs seeking guidance on their pathway to net-zero business performance.
Young people, youth work & the ‘levelling up’ policy agenda
Authors: Ord Jon , Davies Bernard
Published: May 2022

‘Levelling UP’ has taken on considerable significance in the policy discourses of the Johnson conservative government, particularly regarding the English regions. However, what is meant by Levelling up has been far from clear, although if it is to mean anything it must at least in part mean addressing the needs of disadvantaged and left behind communities. Key premises of this paper are that young people must be considered valued members of those communities; and that, to meet their expressed needs, youth work can be the best placed service for (re)investment, not least because it has demonstrated that it consistently enables a wide variety of outcomes in their lives. The investment required must be seen in the context of the huge austerity cuts to youth services in England which disproportionately affected disadvantaged communities. To make the case for ‘levelling up’ to completely rebuild as well as further develop those services. This paper brings together an analysis of past and current youth policies with a range of relevant empirical data.
Thinking differently with Chinese medicine: ‘Explanations’ and case studies for a postcolonial STS
Authors: Lin Wen-yuan , Law John
Published: May 2022

In Mandarin, the English word ‘nature’ translates as ‘ ziran’ (自然zìrán) in science, biomedicine and everyday life. At the same time, ziran indexes a second older set of meanings that make little immediate sense in English. Current in many Chinese medical practices as well as in classical Chinese philosophy, these include ‘what is spontaneously so’ or ‘let the character of the self unfold’. In this article we explore how these two families of meaning are related by particular Taiwanese Chinese medical practitioners as they describe how they negotiate the relations between biomedicine and Chinese medicine in daily professional practice. At the same time, inspired by related logic-shifting writing in anthropology, postcolonial studies and postcolonial STS, we draw on the ‘art of patterning’ (辨證 biàn zhèng) to understand how ziran-nature relations are specified in those accounts. Patterning is the art of specifying the shifting arrangements and misalignments that lead to ill health. Treating this as a way of thinking about ziran-related overlaps between biomedicine and Chinese medicine, we show that patterning attends not to objects ‘out there’ but to appearances (象xiang, xiàng). Put into use as an STS term of art it therefore shifts the epistemological basis of inquiry because case-stories no longer reveal underlying mechanisms, but instead narrate patterned appearances. One implication of this is that any particular pattern diagnosis lies alongside a galaxy of alternatives that might be equally good to think with. Within the limits set by referential academic conventions, we thus attempt a postcolonial shi (勢)-inflected STS in this paper by resisting the use of a single analytical framework, instead setting different forms of patterning alongside one another.
Effect of residual-stress evolution during curing process on fatigue-life of fiber-reinforced polymers
Authors: Thakre Utkarsh , Tewari Asim
Published: May 2022

The fabrication process of Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite leads to the formation of residual stresses. The effect of these stresses may be insignificant on the monotonous properties like tensile strength etc. However, residual stresses can significantly affect the fatigue performance of the FRP composites. There is lack of rigorous analysis on connecting the evolution of residual stress and the fatigue life of FRPs. A multi-physics analysis was performed to model the evolution of residual stresses in the curing process under different process and material conditions for unidirectional Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers. The viscoelastic model also accounted for percolation in the matrix and thus gave realistic estimates of residualstress compared to the past elastic models. It was found that the residual-stress varied by over 25% by just changing the cure thermal cycle. The stress prediction results were found to be in-line with the experimental results reported in the literature. A numerical model was developed to obtain a change in the fatigue life (fiber-dominated failure mode in High Cycle fatigue (HCF)) from residual stresses under the simulated circumstances. This numerical model was validated with the experimental fatigue data using two different cure cycles. Fatigue life for HCF was found to be improved by upto 4% under such conditions. Thus, this study gives insight on various processes and material property handles for manipulation of the residual stresses. Accurate numerical prediction of such stresses can be cardinal in composites processing.
Study the effect of stirrer design on the stirring performance of ceramic particle reinforcements in stir casting of Aluminum Matrix Composites
Authors: Muhammad Farooq , Jalal Shawnam
Published: May 2022

Stir casting is one of the vital methods for making aluminium alloy matrix composites. The main challenge of this technique is getting a homogenous dispersion of reinforcement particles. The uniform distribution of reinforcement particles improves the mechanical properties, so the stirrer must be designed so that it achieves uniform distribution. The main process of stir casting is done in a closed crucible at high temperature with a hidden flow pattern under a variety of various influencing variables; therefore, numerical is more realistic than the analytical approach for forecasting problems. This paper aims to choose the most efficient stirrer design among four different stirrers to attain the best reinforcement particle distribution in the least time in a selected case. ANSYS CFX, the Image process, and visual experiments were conducted to select the optimal stirrer design. This study is unique in that it provides a new methodology for optimizing the stirrer design, and identifying simulation obstacles and future simulation scope for the mixing performance simulation programmers. Finally, any effort to improve mixing efficiency will very certainly result in lower total energy use, fossil fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions, which is the goal of the millennium.
Exploring structure/property relationships to health and environmental hazards of polymeric polyisocyanate prepolymer substances-1. Design of experiments, aquatic exposure, and acute aquatic toxicity
Authors: West Robert J , Euskirchen Lisa , Neuhahn Astrid , Seneker Steve , Spence Mark W
Published: May 2022

Polymeric polyisocyanate prepolymer substances are reactive intermediates used in the manufacture of various polyurethane products. Knowledge of their occupational and environmental hazard properties is essential for product stewardship and industrial hygiene purposes. This work reports on the systematic design of a program to explore how structural features (i.e., types of polymeric polyol and diisocyanate reactants, functionality) and physical–chemical properties (i.e., octanol–water partition coefficient [log Kow], viscosity, molecular weight) of a group of 10 toluene diisocyanate (TDI)- and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)-based monomer-depleted prepolymer substances can be related to their exposure and hazard potentials. The revelation of trends or thresholds in such relationships could form a basis for regulatory screening of existing or new prepolymer substances, while also informing the design of substances having reduced exposure and/or hazard profiles. As a first step, the aquatic exposure and hazard potentials of these 10 substances were investigated. The results of this investigation showed that yields of dissolved reaction products (derived from non-purgeable organic carbon measurements and carbon contents of the parent prepolymers) were inversely correlated with the calculated log Kow of the substances. For prepolymer loading rates of both 100 and 1000 mg/L in water, the average dissolved reaction product yields ranged from ≤1% to 32% and from ≤0.1% to 25%, respectively, over calculated log Kow values ranging from −4.8 to 45. For both loading rates, dissolved reaction products were not quantifiable where the calculated log Kow value was >10. Yet, none of the 10 prepolymers and tested loading rates exhibited acute adverse effects on the aquatic invertebrate, Daphnia magna, in the 48-h acute immobilization test. From a product stewardship perspective, polymeric prepolymers of TDI and MDI within the investigated domain and concentration range are not expected to be hazardous in the aquatic environment.
Lessons learned developing and deploying a provincial virtual mental health support during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Strudwick Gillian , Risling Tracie , Kassam Iman , Shin Hwayeon Danielle , Moss Tyler , Carlberg Courtney , Zhou Wenjia
Published: May 2022

Significant efforts have been put into implementing virtual forms of healthcare and supports since the beginning of the pandemic. However, limited information has been shared with health leaders about how this has taken place, and what can be learned from this to move forward into the future. The purpose of this article is to describe lessons learned co-designing and developing a virtual health support during the COVID-19 pandemic in the province of Saskatchewan. In this article, we anchor these lessons learned on a specific virtual health service support, “SaskWell,” which offers a digital service, and aims to connect residents of the province to digital mental health supports and resources.
Collegiality and efficiency in bureaucracy
Authors: Bergman Mats A , Fredén Annika
Published: May 2022

This article addresses the relation between the design of regulatory agencies and efficiency, arguing that authority concentrated to a single individual outperforms more collegial decision-making when the regulated firms’ interests are aligned. The tentative explanation is that concentrated leadership reduces the risk for capture. This argument is developed from an empirical case on the markets for mobile and fixed broadband. In the mobile market, the regulated firms are similarly positioned, whereas in the fixed broadband market, the firms typically have adversarial positions, with an incumbent being challenged by entrants. A statistical analysis of regulatory agencies in 33 European countries lends support to the argument that regulation of mobile broadband benefits from having a single decision-maker whereas a bureaucratic regulation with more collegiality functions as well for the fixed broadband.