bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diarrhoeal prevalence and handwashing practices of children attending early childhood development centres in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Ntshangase Samukelisiwe N. , Ghuman Shanaz , Haffejee Firoza
Published: October 2022

Background: Diarrhoea, a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality, spread through contaminated food or water or from person to person, is a major cause of hospitalisation in South African children.Aim: To determine if hygiene practices of parents or guardians and early childhood development centre (ECD) educators contributed to diarrhoea in children attending the centres.Setting: The study was conducted at ECD centres in Mpumalanga Township of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at 10 ECD centres. Parents or guardians (n = 385) and educators (n = 121) answered self-administered questionnaires. Frequencies, bivariate associations and multivariate regression modelling were conducted.Results: The prevalence of diarrhoea in children ≤ 5 years was 67.3%. Most parents or guardians washed their hands after defecating and handling a child’s faeces as well as before preparing food. Handwashing after urination was low. Washing of children’s hands after these events was lower. Although all educators reported always washing the child’s hands after defecating and before handling or eating food, they were less likely to wash the children’s hands after urination (p = 0.003). Childhood diarrhoea was associated with the type of toilet, households with pit latrines having a higher prevalence of diarrhoea (p  0.001). It was also associated with washing of children’s hands after urination (p = 0.014), before handling or eating food (p = 0.001) and with increased number of children in the household (p = 0.001).Conclusion: In this population, the high prevalence of diarrhoea is related to the number of children in a household and handwashing practices.Contribution: This study highlights the importance of handwashing practices in the prevention of diarrhoea in children.
Antiparasitic properties of miltefosine-based nanoformulations against protozoan pathogen, Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Akbar Noor , Cagliani Roberta , Muhammad Jibran Sualeh , Rawas-Qalaji Mutasem , Saeed Balsam Qubais , Khan Naveed Ahmed , Siddiqui Ruqaiyyah
Published: October 2022

Background:

Acanthamoeba castellanii genotype T4 is the causative agent of the progressively increasing sight-threatening Acanthamoeba keratitis and central nervous system infections. Because of the increased prevalence and the ineffectiveness of the current antiamoebic drugs, we synthesized miltefosine poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (miltefosine PLGA NP) as a potential potent and biocompatible antiamoebic drug. The advantage to use PLGA NP is to preserve the cells from the toxic effect of miltefosine drug. In particular, miltefosine PLGA nanoformulation offers a better cellular uptake and a sustained drug release compared with the free drug that presents potent cytotoxicity at high concentrations against human colon cancer cell lines.

Methods

The miltefosine NP were synthesized using a double emulsion-solvent evaporation method, characterized, and then assessed for their antiamoebic activity against A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. Blank PLGA NP and miltefosine were used as controls.

Results

Amoebicidal assays revealed that at 25 and 50 µM, unmodified miltefosine eradicated 83% and 93% of amoebae, respectively. At these same concentrations of 25 and 50 µM, the amount of miltefosine released form PLGA NP formulation was limited to 22.6%. However, it killed 36% and 56% of the protozoa, respectively. Thus, the efficacy of PLGA NP formulation was similar to that of the unmodified miltefosine. Both miltefosine and its PLGA NP significantly inhibited the pretreated amoebae (minimum inhibitory concentration 50% = 37.23 and 55.26 µM, respectively, compared with 147.2 µM of the blank NP; P < 0.05) and reduced amoebae-mediated host cell death. The blank NP and miltefosine NP exhibited minimal cytotoxicity against colon epithelial cell lines. In contrast, the unmodified miltefosine caused 37%, 71%, and 88% of cytotoxicity at 10, 25, and 50 µM, respectively.

Conclusion

Overall, these findings suggest that controlling the release of miltefosine from PLGA NP for a short time was almost as effective as miltefosine alone against A. castellanii genotype T4 while reducing host cell toxicity. Hence, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using PLGA NP for the treatment of Acanthamoebic infections.
Evaluation of Haller's Cells Prevalence in a Sample of Polish Population Assessed Using Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Manaj Angelika , Osiak Aleksandra , Piskórz Magdalena , Futyma-Gąbka Karolina , Różyło-Kalinowska Ingrid
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Haller's cells are air structures with variable presence in individuals. They are situated in the anterior part of the ethmoid bone on the inferior and medial walls of the orbits. Their presence can be symptomatic and they may also be an impediment in surgical procedures. A panoramic radiograph commonly used in dental diagnostics allows visualization of their presence. The aim of the study is characteristics and estimation of Haller's cell prevalence in a sample of the Polish population based on panoramic radiographs.

Materials and Methods:

The study consisted of 467 panoramic radiographs including patients of both genders (303 females and 164 males), aged 17–23 years with a mean of 20.2 years. All radiographs have been evaluated for Haller's cells' presence, shape, number, and location with gender predilection.

Results:

Haller's cells were found in 72 cases, which comprised 15.4% of the studied group, with a slightly higher prevalence in females (17.82% in females and 10.97% in males). The most predominant shape was oval. Unilateral distribution of the cells outnumbered bilateral variants. One to three Haller's cells were found on one side, in the own material.

Conclusions:

Panoramic radiograph revealed a relatively low prevalence of Haller's cells in a sample of the Polish population. It is possible to assess the shape and determine the exact number of these cells. Based on the panoramic examination, we can state that they are located more often unilaterally with a slightly higher prevalence in females.
Association between timing of intubation and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Bae Eunhye , Park Jimyung , Choi Sun Mi , Lee Jinwoo , Lee Sang-Min , Lee Hong Yeul
Published: October 2022

Background: Delayed intubation is associated with poor prognosis in patients with respiratory failure. However, the effect of delayed intubation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unknown. This study aimed to analyze whether timing of intubation after high-concentration oxygen therapy was associated with worse clinical outcomes in IPF patients.Methods: This retrospective propensity score-matched study enrolled adult patients with IPF who underwent mechanical ventilation between January 2011 and July 2021. Patients were divided into early and delayed intubation groups. Delayed intubation was defined as use of high-concentration oxygen therapy for at least 48 hours before tracheal intubation. The primary outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, and a conditional logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between timing of intubation and clinical outcomes.Results: The median duration of high-concentration oxygen therapy before intubation was 0.5 days in the early intubation group (n=60) and 5.1 days in the delayed intubation group (n=36). The ICU mortality rate was 56.7% and 75% in the early and delayed intubation groups, respectively, before propensity matching (P=0.075). After matching for demographic and clinical covariates, 33 matched pairs were selected. In the propensity-matched cohort, delayed intubation significantly increased the risk of ICU mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 3.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.0215.63; P=0.046). However, in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly between the groups.Conclusions: In patients with IPF, delayed intubation after initiation of high-concentration oxygen therapy was significantly associated with increased risk of ICU mortality compared to early intubation.
Black and brown women: vulnerabilities occurred from 2010 to 2018 in the extreme southern of Bahia
Authors:   University of Aquino Bolivia, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO, Bolivia., Barbosa Bárbara Ferraz , Barbosa Camila Bordignon ,   University of Aquino Bolivia, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO, Bolivia., Santana Debora Neves de ,   Pythagoras College of Teixeira de Freitas, Teixeira de Freitas, BA, Brazil., Almeida Cosme Andrade de ,   South Bahia College, Teixeira de Freitas, BA, Brazil., Lago Vivian Miranda ,   South Bahia College, Teixeira de Freitas, BA, Brazil.,   Pythagoras College of Medicine of Eunápolis, Eunápolis, BA, Brazil.
Published: October 2022

Violence alters society in countless ways, being disproportionate in relation to women, especially blacks and browns in situations of vulnerability, which makes them prone to marks that influence their daily lives. The objective of this theme was to analyze the prevalence of domestic, sexual and / or other conditions in black and brown women in the period from 2010 to 2018, in the extreme south of Bahia. For the concreteness of this research, in the methodological field, an epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive approach was chosen secondary information provided by the Ministry of Health in the DATASUS database, evaluating the state and the macro-region of the Far South, correlating with the number of psychogical / moral violence in both. Upon entering the questions that guided this study, it was noticed that in view of the universe researched, the results show a growing number of cases, from 873 cases in 2010 to 25,872 in 2018 in the state, when the macro-region was analyzed, there were a total of 1,751 cases, as for psychological / moral violence, the maximum peak occurred in 2018, in both regions; the study shows an exorbitant increase in relation to black and brown women at risk in Bahia, especially in the macro-region. It is concluded that it is necessary to increase measures aimed at providing greater protection and care for the victims, since that the home is "the most dangerous place for these women", which culminates, often in long-term violence.
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretimi Kapsamında Müze ve Müze Eğitimine Yönelik Yapılmış Lisansüstü Tezlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ER TUNA Yasemin , KAYA Hüseyin
Published: October 2022

Tarihin izlerini günümüze taşıyan; kültürel değerleri güncel bilgilerimiz ile harmanlamamızı sağlayan müzeler, sosyal bilgiler öğretmenleri için öğrencilerine, aktarabilecekleri sonsuz tarihi mirası gözler önüne sermesi bakımından önemli bir kaynak görev i görmektedir. Müze gezileri ile öğrencilerin birlikte, örgün eğitim esnasında sınıfta aldıkları eğitimi daha da pekiştirerek, öğrenmeyi kalıcı hale getirebilmeleri ve kültürel etkinlikler ile eğlenerek öğrenmeleri sağlanır. Bu bağlamda, müze ziyaretleri sosyal bilgiler eğitimi açısından oldukça kıymetlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı 2000-2021 yılları arasında sosyal bilgiler öğretiminde müze etkinlikleri ve gezilerini inceleyen lisansüstü tezlerin incelenmesidir. Bu araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeline uygun olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmada veriler doküman analizi yöntemi ile elde edilmiş ve betimsel analiz tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Tezler, yayınlandıkları yıllar ve üniversiteler, araştırma konuları, araştırma yöntemleri, hedef grupları ve kullanılan müze türlerine göre incelenmiştir. Çalışmaların en çok 2015-2019 yılları arasında yapıldığını, en çok tez yayınlanan üniversitenin Afyon Kocatepe Üniversite olduğunu, en fazla çalışılan konunun ise sosyal bilgiler dersinde sanal müze kullanımı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, tezler araştırmanın hedef grubuna göre incelendiğinde çoğunlukla öğrenci gruplarıyla çalışıldığı görülmüştür. Kullanılan araştırma yöntemlerinde ise en fazla nicel araştırma yönteminin tercih edildiği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına ek olarak müze kullanımına ilişkin bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Purple Urine Bag Síndrome:Pathophysiology Involved
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara. Jalisco, México, Gutierrez Fitzgerald Osuna
Published: October 2022

Purple urine bag syndrome is a rare but dangerous entity that indicates an important colonization of the urinary tract by multiple multiresistant bacteria in most cases. The low incidence means that this entity is not only underdiagnosed but also treated erroneously. The culture, as well as a general urine test, are key to its correct diagnosis and treatment.
Gene Editing in Cancer Therapy
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Serrano Gloria Nataly Pérez
Published: October 2022

The site-specific modification of an existing gene is known as gene editing. A section of DNA must be cut with an endonuclease (such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system) before the two severed ends are brought together, frequently with a new or improved sequence inserted between them. Somatic cell gene editing can be helpful in a variety of clinical contexts, and some preliminary preclinical and clinical trials have been carried out. Extremely high levels of precision are required for DNA recognition, excision, and repair; issues with publishing integrity must be resolved. Germline editing utilizing eggs, sperm, or embryos raises ethical concerns
Clinical Considerations in Specialized Nutrition in Critically III Patients
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Rodríguez Mariana Partida
Published: October 2022

Specialized nutrition support (SNS) is required when oral intake is either limited or not possible for a prolonged period of time. Common indications for SNS include patients in critical care, those with dysphagia, unconscious patients who cannot be fed, severely malnourished patients, and those with intestinal malabsorption. The two forms of SNS are enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition. Enteral feeding is always preferred whenever possible, but parenteral feeding may be instituted if the patient has a nonfunctional GI tract (e.g., gastroschisis, short bowel syndromes), and/or if enteral feeding is contraindicated. Patients who are on SNS may develop several complications related to feeding tubes or intravenous catheters, as well as additional metabolic complications such as electrolyte imbalances, hyperglycemia, refeeding syndrome, gallstone disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Implementation Double-Track System Criminal Sanctions and Rehabilitation Against Narcotic Abusers
Authors: Chaidar Muhamad , Budiarsih Budiarsih
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The application of sanctions is regulated in Law no. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, which tends to impose criminal sanctions, does not have an impact, in fact there are more narcotics abusers. In accordance with the mandate of Law no. 35 of 2009 concerning narcotics, addicts and victims of narcotics abuse are entitled to rehabilitation, both medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. In general, addicts and victims of narcotics abuse have not been able to access rehabilitation services, especially addicts and victims of narcotics abuse who are in prisons or detention centers.Purposes of the Research: focus of the formulation in this research is How to Analyze the Meaning of Medical Rehabilitation Obligations for Narcotics Addicts?.Methods of the Research: The method used in this research is the normative juridical method and the law approach as well as the conceptual approach. They are in medical rehabilitation and/or social rehabilitation institutions.Results of the Research: Researchers suggest to the Government and the DPR to add explanations for narcotics addicts in Article 54 of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, by including the amount of medical rehabilitation financing provided to narcotics addicts in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. Prior to the promulgation of the amount of medical rehabilitation financing, regarding the provision of medical rehabilitation for narcotics addicts it will be easier to implement, and for the public to increase participation in the prevention of narcotics addicts and accessibility to the settlement of litigation and non-litigation cases.
Providing Greater Clarity on the Meaning of Basic Education [Discussion of Moko V Acting Principal, Malusi Secondary School 2021 3 SA 323 (CC)]
Authors: Adams G , Slade BV
Published: October 2022

Section 29(1)(a) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 provides everyone with the right to a basic education. However, the exact meaning of a “basic education” as protected in this section has been rather uncertain as it is not defined in the Constitution or any legislative document. In Governing Body of the Juma Musjid Primary School v Essay 2011 8 BCLR 761 (CC), the Constitutional Court accepted that basic education includes, at a minimum, schooling from grades 1 to 9. In AB v Pridwin Preparatory School 2020 5 SA 327 (CC), Nicholls JA held that an educational institution which does not offer secondary or tertiary education, provides those attending the institution with a basic education. Several policy documents refer to basic education as the General Education and Training phase of schooling, which consists of schooling from grades 1 to 9. Given the uncertainty surrounding the exact ambit of a basic education, both in case law and legislation, the Constitutional Court in Moko v Acting Principal of Malusi Secondary School 2021 3 SA 323 (CC) had to answer the question “where does basic education end and further education begin?” The court’s decision provides clarity on the meaning of a basic education as protected in section 29(1)(a). This decision is to be welcomed given the importance of the right as a direct and unqualified right, and for its transformative potential. However, there is now a misalignment between the understanding of a basic education protected in section 29(1)(a) and several policy documents issued by the Department of Basic Education. This misalignment may lead to further confusion regarding the meaning of the right to a basic education and potentially negatively impact the realisation or fulfilment of the right. This note will consider the court’s decision, particularly in relation to its finding to the question posed above.
PENINGKATAN KESADARAN POLA HIDUP MASYARAKAT BERSIH DALAM KONTEKS MODERASI BERAGAMA DI DESA MAEN
Authors: Nainggolan Alon Mandimpu , Gagola Megaputri , Saliada Widyarti , Gani Marchel , Gerung Farno Billy Arthur
Published: October 2022

Kebersihan lingkungan bukan hanya terfokus pada kegiatan meminimalisir sampah. Akan tetapi, berbicara juga bagaimana masyarakat memiliki kesadaran untuk menerapkan pola hidup sehat. Hal ini merupakan kewajiban masyarakat agar dapat berupaya melihat kondisi atau keadaan lingkungan/wilayah dari masyarakat desa Maen sendiri. Masyarakat desa Maen merupakan penggerak dalam pelaksanaan dan pencapaian pola hidup ini dengan sangat diperlukan ide dan inovasi yang kreatif untuk dapat saling mendorong satu dengan yang lain dalam keberhasilan kebersihan lingkungan. Dengan adanya program KKN Riset ini, penyelenggaraan kebersihan lingkungan mendorong terbentuknya solidaritas dalam moderasi beragama, dalam artian terwujudnya kerja sama akan semua masyarakat desa Maen tanpa melihat latar belakang agama. Oleh karena itu sangat penting untuk mengimplementasikan pendekatan ABCD (Asset Based Community-driven Development) guna mengembangkan suatu aset atau kekuatan apa yang ada pada masyarakat. Berupaya mengubah pola pikir masyarakat agar memiliki kesadaran dalam menyikapi aset atau kekuatan yang ada. Dengan demikian, KKN Riset bersama pemerintah desa bahkan tokoh-tokoh agama berupaya menjaga lingkungan agar terbebas dari masalah sampah.
PENDAMPINGAN KAUM MUDA GEREJA DALAM PENCARIAN PASANGAN HIDUP
Authors: Manu Mieke Yen , Daik Irene Elvira , Paat Anggreani N. , Liu Octovianus
Published: October 2022

Topik pencarian pasangan hidup sering kali dianggap sebagai urusan pribadi yang tidak perlu dibahas secara umum. Padahal proses memilih pasangan hidup merupakan tahap yang krusial sebelum sampai pada pernikahan. Kesalahan dalam memilih pasangan hidup akan ditanggung seumur hidup. Gereja perlu melakukan tindakan preventif dengan mengedukasi jemaat muda untuk memahami prinsip dasar kristen dalam memilih pasangan hidup. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menguatkan pemahaman mitra terkait topik pemilihan pasangan hidup, khususnya di kalangan kaum muda gereja. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 bentuk yaitu seminar terkait prinsip dasar memilih pasangan hidup dalam perspektif teologi Kristen dan perspektif Psikologi; dan pendampingan secara kelompok untuk mendengar kendala mitra terkait memilih pasangan hidup. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa materi seminar dipahami dengan baik oleh peserta; sedangkan hasil pendampingan kelompok diperoleh keterangan bahwa kendala utama peserta adalah hubungan berstatus beda agama. Solusi yang ditawarkan oleh tim pengabdi adalah peserta perlu mempertimbangkan berbagai dampak buruk yang lebih banyak timbul akibat hubungan yang tidak seimbang menurut firman Tuhan.
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Leaf Extract and Eclipta alba Bark Extract
Authors: Vinaykumar K. , Bhargavi M.N.S. , Gowthami R.N.S. , Kondala Rao K.N.S.
Published: October 2022

At present scenario the herbal formulations are widely used due to their efficacy and minimum side effects compared with the allopathic medications. Based on several research studies Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Eclipta alba have several medicinal properties and these two are mostly used in combination in hair tonics due to their significant impact on the hair growth. These two plants are mostly used in combinations in many poly herbal formulations to enhance the therapeutic activity. This article is based on the study and comparison of antioxidant activity and antidiabetic activity between leaf extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and bark extract of Eclipta alba. The comparison of the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities are done at a particular concentration respectively which shows maximum effect from the survey of other Research and review papers. For the antidiabetic activity evaluation starch iodide method was used and for the antioxidant activity evaluation phosphomolybdate assay method was used. Based on the experimental study we conclude that the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis(L) has more antidiabetic activity than Eclipta alba and Eclipta alba has more antioxidant activity than Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.
Development and Evaluation of Polyherbal Handwash Containing Mimosa pudica, Azadirachta indica and Glycyrrhiza glabra
Authors: Aware Nikita P. , Ghulaxe Chetan V. , Gajbhiye Pranali R. , Kohale Nitin B. , Raut Abhijit R.
Published: October 2022

The aim of present work was to prepare formulations of poyherbal handwash from the methanolic extracts of leaves of Mimosa pudica, Azadirachta indica and Glycyrrhiza glabra. Formulations of polyherbal hand wash were prepared and the formulations were evaluated for physical properties like appearance, pH, viscosity, grittiness, spreadability, cleaning action, and foam height. The antimicrobial activity of prepared formulations of polyherbal hand wash was checked against skin pathogens Bacillus subtilus, Staphylococcus aureus, Psuedomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli by agar diffusion method. The results revealed that prepared herbal hand wash formulations showed significant zone of inhibition compared with standard (marketed formulations). So, these plant materials can be used in the preparation of polyherbal hand wash on commercially scale.
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid induced Hyperbilirubinemia in A Patient with Melanoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Rasheed Shabik Bin , Shasniya Ms. , Saikeerthana Dr
Published: October 2022

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate is a synthetic Penicillin that is widely used today, particularly to treat respiratory and cutaneous infections. It is a generally well-tolerated oral antibiotic. However, in some cases, Amoxicillin/Clavulanate can cause side effects, primarily cutaneous, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and hematologic. Amoxicillin/Clavulanate has been linked to hundreds of cases of clinically obvious Acute Liver Injury, and this combination is now the most common cause of drug-induced liver disease in the majority of large case series. The onset of injury can range from a few days to up to 8 weeks after the start of therapy. Hyperbilirubinemia is seen in Drug-induced Cholestatic Liver Injury, but direct inhibition of transporter proteins that facilitate bilirubin transport also results in Hyperbilirubinemia. We present a case of Hyperbilirubinemia following Amoxicillin/Clavulanate administration.
A Review on Fast Dissolving Tablets
Authors: Devi K. Durga , Kumar Dr. D. Vinay , Reddy K. Srinivas
Published: October 2022

Fast dissolving tablet (FDT) is one such type of an innovative and unique drug delivery system which is swiftly gaining much attention in the research field of rapid dissolving technology. Few solid dosage forms like capsules and tablets are present days facing the problems like difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), resulting in many incidences of non-compliance and making the therapy ineffective. FDT have benefits such as accurate dosing, easy portability and manufacturing, good physical and chemical stability and an ideal alternative for paediatric and geriatric patients. Fast dissolving Tablets are disintegrating and/or dissolve rapidly in the saliva without the need for water. Some tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva remarkably fast, within a few seconds, and are true fast-dissolving tablets. FTD contain agents to enhance the rate of tablet disintegration in the oral cavity, and are more appropriately termed fastdisintegrating tablets, as they may take up to a minute to completely disintegrate. FDTs formulations contain super disintegrants to enhance the disintegration rate of a tablet in the buccal cavity. This review describes the various advantages, limitations, desired characteristics, formulation aspects, super-disintegrate employed, technologies developed for FDTs, novel hole technology, evaluation tests, drugs used in fast dissolving tablets, marketed formulations and patented drugs.
Microchip: Comprehensive Study on A Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Sharma Dr. Vaishali J. , Gohel Prachi , Meshram Dr. Dhananjay
Published: October 2022

Implantable controlled drug delivery is useful in delivering medications to parts of the body which are immunologically isolated and not possible to deliver drugs via regular drug delivery process. Microchip is one of the implanted controlled drug deliveries consists of drug filled sockets that release drug at fixed intervals. It is implanted within human body and distribute a wide range of medications in a regulated, pulsatile or in a continuous manner. It may connect to a small power supply and controlled by a computer. This review includes controlled release microchips based on different principles, microchips device and design. This also includes the advantages and limitations of the implanted drug delivery and its application in the diagnosis and treatment of various disease.
The Folklore Of Devon
Authors: Norman Mark
Published: October 2022

Devon has a long and rich folkloric heritage which has been extensively collected over many years. This book consolidates more than a century of research by eminent Devon folklorists into one valuable study and builds on the vital work that was undertaken by the Devonshire Association, providing insightful analysis of the subject matter and drawing comparisons with folklore traditions beyond the county. The first major work on Devon's folklore since Ralph Whitlock’s short book published by the Folklore Society in the 1970s, this volume brings the subject into the twenty-first century with consideration of internet memes and modern lore, demonstrating that ‘folklore’ does not equate to ‘old rural practice’. With chapters covering the history of Devon's folklore collecting, tales from the moors, the annual cycle, farming and the weather, the devil, fairies, hauntings, black dogs, witchcraft and modern lore, this will remain the standard work for many years to come.
Выход из нефтегазового кризиса на примере нефтяного эмбарго 1973 года
Authors: Соболев В.А.
Published: October 2022

В статье рассмотрена ситуация на мировом энергетическом рынке 1973 года. Основываясь на проведенном анализе, были предложены пути решения и сделаны выводы и прогнозы о ситуации на мировом энергетическом рынке на момент написания статьи. Показано, что санкционная политика в сторону какой-либо из стран не приведет к урегулированию ни одного конфликта, в чем убеждает пример ситуации 1973 года. Делается вывод о том, что нефтяной кризис 2022 года может быть предотвращен с помощью урегулирования отношений Россия-Европа-США, посредством отмены санкционной политики и подписи контрактных соглашений на поставки энергоресурсов в страны потребители на взаимовыгодных условиях.
Physical and antioxidant properties of gelatine film added with sesame, rice bran, and coconut oil
Authors: Jirukkakul Natcharee
Published: October 2022

Gelatine is commonly used as packaging in the food industry because it has the proper physical properties. The present work observed that there were no differences in moisture content and solubility of the packaging film after adding 4% of gelatine film with 0.5% of rice bran, sesame, and coconut oil. Meanwhile, water vapour permeability, tensile strength, and elongation of the gelatine films increased when added with the oil. The colour value depended on the colour of the oil added to the gelatine films. The colour value of the gelatine films added with sesame and coconut oil did not differ from the gelatine film without the addition of any oil. The addition of coconut oil to the gelatine film resulted in increased antioxidant activity. Wrapping chicken, pork, and beef with the gelatine films added with all three types of oil showed no differences in pH values for all three types of meat products throughout refrigeration storage for 12 days. Meat wrapped in gelatine film added with coconut oil showed an increase in TBARS, while TBARS were lower in the gelatine film without the addition of any oil or added with rice bran and sesame oil. This indicated that after coconut oil was added to the gelatine film, it decreased oxidation in the meat products during storage.
Health effects of peptides obtained from hydrolysed chicken by-products by the action of Bromelia pinguin and B. karatas proteases in Wistar rats induced with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Romero Garay Martha Guillermina García , Becerra-Verdin Eduardo M García , Soto-Domínguez Adolfo , Montalvo-González Efigenia , García-Magaña María de Lourdes
Published: October 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is considered a major public health problem because it is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Bioactive peptides can play an important role in the prevention and treatment of MS. The possible health effects of peptides obtained from hydrolysed chicken by-products (CH) by the action of plant proteases from Bromelia pinguin (BP), B. karatas (BK), and bromelain (BRO) were evaluated in a model of induced MS. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomised into the following groups: (1) standard diet (STD); (2) induction of MS with a hypercaloric diet (MS+CH); (3) CH-BP 200 mg CH/kg; (4) CH-BK 200 mg CH/kg; (5) CH-BRO 200 mg CH/kg; and (6) carnosine (CAR) 50 mg of carnosine/kg of body weight. The CH decreased the glucose levels (p < 0.05) and improved the lipid profile (p < 0.05) in the serum of the groups with induced MS. Liver lesions were attenuated with a decrease in hepatic enzymatic activities (p < 0.05), and the accumulation of lipid inclusions in the liver decreased. The data showed that CH and the use of proteases to obtain peptides with health effects could be a good therapeutic alternative for individuals with MS.
Application of Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method in the determination of total tannin in maize and soybean food products
Authors: Adegbusi Halid Sheriff , Amin Ismail , Mohd Esa Norhaizan , Azuan Mat Daud Zulfitri
Published: October 2022

Yellow maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) are local raw materials used in the formulation of complementary foods in Nigeria. The presence of antinutritional factors such as tannins in them could disrupt the nutritional status in infants and young children, thus leading to malnutrition. However, data on the total tannin contents in maize, soybean, and their products remain limited. This could be due to the lack of a fast, accurate, and inexpensive analytical method for tannin determination. The present work thus evaluated the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) assay for the accurate quantification of total tannin from yellow maize, soybean, and their products. Techniques including soaking, dehulling, oven-drying, boiling, and frying were used to process the raw materials, prior to grinding and subsequent formulation of their products. The FC method was validated to quantify the total tannin contents from extracts of tested samples by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry. The original extracts from the tested samples, and external standards from tannic acid and total phenolics (µg/µL) were used for method validation. The method validation showed that the instrumental response to standard tannic acid and the investigated analytes were specific, linear (R2 = 0.998), precise (% CV < 20%), and accurate (recovery = 91%). The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.03 and 0.09 µg/µL, respectively. The validation complied with the requirements to ensure the reliability of the results. The combined processing techniques were also effective in reducing the total tannin content of maize (0.213 to 0.041% TAE) and soybean (0.257 to 0.064% TAE) by 81 and 75%, respectively. The present work demonstrated the suitability of the FC method as an analytical tool for the quantification of total tannin from plant-based food products.
CADEIA DE FRUTAS, VERDURAS E LEGUMES NO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA SOBRE AS TRANSAÇÕES E ESTRUTURAS DE GOVERNANÇA
Authors: dos Santos Rejane Heloise , Malacoski Fernanda Cristina Ferro , Schiavi Sandra Mara de Alencar , de Souza José Paulo
Published: October 2022

A cadeia de frutas, verduras e legumes (FLVs) brasileira vem demonstrando incremento na demanda e no consumo, seguindo uma tendência mundial e ocasionando maiores exigências de qualidade por parte do seu cliente final, além disso, a cadeia tem passado por uma reconfiguração com o enfraquecimento das Centrais de Distribuição (CEASAs) e surgimento de grandes redes supermercadistas, no segmento de distribuição e atacado. Ademais, a cadeia possui falhas de coordenação. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer como acontecem as transações e as estruturas de governança adotadas entre produtores e demais elos da cadeia de frutas, verduras e legumes no Brasil. Uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e bibliográfica foi empreendida, a partir de estudos sobre o tema publicados nas bases Google Schoolar, SciELO e Portal de Periódicos Capes que resultou em 20 trabalhos selecionados. O método de análise foi a análise de conteúdo, com a utilização do software Atlas.ti®. Como resultados foi possível caracterizar a cadeia de FLV no Brasil, as transações e estruturas de governança adotadas, bem como problemas e falhas de coordenação foram encontrados, tais como: elevadas perdas e desperdícios; produtores pequenos e desorganizados, com baixa tecnificação; a possibilidade de poder de mercado de grandes redes varejistas; dificuldade de acesso aos canais para pequenos produtores escoarem suas produções. Tais questões são somadas à elevada especificidade temporal devido à alta perecibilidade do produto que tornam necessários requisitos de eficácia ao longo da cadeia para favorecer a entrega de um produto adequado ao consumidor final.
A Deep Learning Approach-FDNN: Forest Deep Neural Network to Predict Cow’s Parturition Date
Authors: Rahman Md Motiur , Rana Eaftekhar Ahmed , Tamzi Nafisa Nawar , Saha Indrajit , Siddiqui Fazlul Hasan
Published: October 2022

In this prospective study, we integrate neural network architecture with a supervised random forest feature detector to develop a new model named Forest Deep Neural Network (FDNN) to predict daily and hourly calving time of cattle. To overcome challenges of prediction problems like data sparsity along with unknown correlation structures, we incorporate the benefits of random forest (RF) with a deep neural network (DNN) to predict the daily and hourly calving time of cattle, which is nobody done yet. For this study, we take a total of 45 Holstein-Friesian cows (27 primiparous and 18 multiparous) for collecting physical activities. Using IceQube and HR Tag technologies, we record daily and hourly lying time, the number of stand-ups, ruminating time, the number of steps, and the number of head moves of cattle from 15 days before the actual calving time. Different statistical analysis has been carried out over the daily and hourly-captured data, and we have found that these monitored physical activities change very significantly over time. We have applied five classifiers such as FDNN, DNN, RF, decision tree (DT), and support vector machine (SVM) over the daily and hourly datasets. Hyperparameter optimization has been conducted over the classifiers using Grid Search approach to filter out the optimal parameter configurations. With optimal parameters, our developed model overpowered the other four classifiers in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and ROC score (ACC= 98.38, SN=88.19, SP=98.41, and ROC=99 of predicting daily calving time; ACC=97.93, SN=97.40, SP=89.42, and ROC=98 of predicting hourly calving time).
Thermo-diffusion effect on magnetohydrodynamics flow of fractional Casson fluid with heat generation and first order chemical reaction over a vertical plate
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad , Mudassar Nazar
Published: October 2022

Analytical solution of thermo diffusion effect on magnetohydrodynamics flow of fractionalized Cassonfluid over a vertical plate immersed in a porous media is obtained. Moreover, in the model of the problem, additional effects, like a chemical reaction, heat source/sink, and thermal radiation are also considered.The model is solved by three approaches, namely, Atangana-Baleanu, Caputo-Fabrizio, and Caputo fractionalderivative of non-integer order γ. The governing dimensionless equations for temperatures, concentrations,and velocities are solved using Laplace transform method and compared graphically. The effects of different parameters like fractional parameter γ, Thermo diffusion Sr, and magnetic parameter M are discussedthrough numerous graphs. Furthermore, comparisons among ordinary and fractionalized velocity fields arealso drawn. It is found that the velocity obtained with Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative is less than thatobtained by Caputo, Caputo-Fabrizio, or ordinary derivatives.
Análisis de la participación y la disposición hacia el sexting en estudiantes secundarios/as de Tucumán
Authors: Narvaja Maria Evangelina , Alonso Olivera María Elisa
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo de investigación aborda la práctica de sexting, entendida como el intercambio de mensajes escritos y de material audiovisual de tono sexual a través de aplicaciones de mensajería instantánea y en redes sociales es un fenómeno escasamente estudiado en Argentina. Se propone analizar la participación y la disposición hacia el sexting en estudiantes de nivel secundario de la provincia de Tucumán (Argentina) y evaluar las prevalencias según género y edad. Para ello, se aplicó una encuesta a 659 estudiantes de nivel secundario con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 20 años. El relevamiento se realizó en el año 2017. Se utilizó como instrumento la Escala de Conductas sobre Sexting (ECS), a partir de la cual se analizaron las subescalas “Participación real en sexting” (PRS) y “Disposición activa hacia el sexting” (DAS). Los resultados evidencian que el sexting es una práctica presente entre estudiantes tucumanos/as de nivel secundario. La edad y el género introducen diferencias que indican que los varones y los estudiantes de mayor edad tienen una disposición más activa hacia esta práctica. Como conclusión se plantea que las intervenciones educativas que se propongan realizar orientación y prevención de los potenciales riesgos, deben adoptar un enfoque integral que no desconozca la agencia sexual de los adolescentes y la capacidad de participar de forma consensuada de la práctica.
Western Civilization in a Global Context: Prehistory to the Enlightenment
Authors: Campbell Kenneth L.
Published: October 2022

Western Civilization in a Global Context is a source collection that introduces a comparative element to the study of Western civilization, offering students an opportunity to explore non-Western perspectives. An interesting and provocative set of readings are included, from a range of primary sources, including official documents, historical writings, literary sources, letters, speeches, interviews as well as visual sources. These different sources are carefully selected with a view to generating class discussion and providing students with a sense of the different approaches historians might take to understanding the past.

Volume I covers prehistory to the Enlightenment, including sources that offer insight into the political, social, religious, cultural and intellectual history of this period. Topics covered include:

- The Rise of Rome

- Byzantine Civilization

- The Renaissance in Europe and China

- Religious Reformation

- European Expansion

- The Scientific Revolution

To aid student engagement and understanding, the book begins with a guide to using primary sources, includes questions for discussion throughout and concludes with a glossary of key terms. Western Civilization in a Global Context is the ideal companion for students who want to explore the contribution of non-Western cultures, and gain a more thorough understanding of the complex history of the world as a result.
Belief and Unbelief in Medieval Europe
Authors: Arnold John H.
Published: October 2022

For most people in the middle ages--for thousands upon thousands who lived within Christendom in the period considered by this book, 1100-1500--we have no record of what they believed or did not believe. John Arnold sifts through the traces left behind by our ancestors across Europe and assembles a more complete picture than ever before. Religion in medieval Europe was hugely important, and impinged upon the most mundane aspects of everyday life. But was the period a uniform "Age of Faith?" By focussing on lay people, this fascinating account unlocks the multiple meanings of religion, asking how it functioned and with what effects. This book deftly reveals for today's readers, as none have before, the meanings and struggles that lay between the smooth surface of medieval religious life.
Moxibustion treatment increases the survival rate of lung infection of patients bed-ridden due to osteoporotic fracture of the spine via regulation of the inflammatory responses
Authors: Cheng Yaonan , Chen Qin , Huang Ru , Lao Chunbo , Fu Wenbin
Published: October 2022

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the potential role of moxibustion (MOX) in the treatment of lung infection in patients bed-ridden due to osteoporotic fracture of the spine.

Material and methods

96 senile patients with pulmonary infection who were bed-ridden due to osteoporotic fracture of the spine were grouped into a MOX (–) group and a MOX (+) group. An animal model was established as a SHAM group, a PRIMED group, a MOX 15’ group and a MOX 30’ group.

Results

For the patients’ study, we found that the survival rate was higher for patients who received MOX. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-, interleukin (IL) 1, IL-6 and IL-18 were down-regulated while IL-10 was up-regulated by MOX. MOX time-dependently increased the survival while reducing the bacteria left in infected mice.

Conclusions

Moxibustion significantly alleviated the inflammatory responses, thus leading to a better survival rate of patients bed-ridden due to osteoporotic fracture of the spine.
Worldwide burden attributable to diet high in red meat from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Liu Dan , Shi Qingyang , Cheng Gaiping , Huang Qiaorong , Li Sheyu
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Red meat overconsumption is an unhealthy behavior, while its attributed burden and epidemiological pattern remain unclear. This study aimed to describe the status and trend of how the diet high in red meat burdens the world.

Material and methods

We accessed the data of summary exposure values (SEVs), deaths, and disability-adjusted life of years (DALYs) with their age-standardized rates in each country from the Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network from 1990 to 2019. We calculated estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to evaluate the trends of the disease burden.

Results

The age-standardized SEV rates increased in most of the 21 GBD regions, mainly in the low-middle and middle SDI quantiles from 1990 to 2019, while East Asia increased the most rapidly. In 2019, diet high in red meat was responsible for 0.6 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0.3 to 0.8 million) deaths and 23.9 million (95% UI 15.6 to 32.0 million) DALYs worldwide. From 1990 to 2019, the total deaths and DALYs attributable to diet high in red meat have increased by over 50%. However, the age-standardized death and DALY rates decreased by 30.3% and 23.5% during the study period, respectively. The age-standardized death and DALY rates in the middle SDI regions surpassed those in the high SDI regions since 2002. Ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and colorectal cancer were the main causes of diet high in red meat-related death and DALYs.

Conclusions

Increasing consumption of red meat remains challenging the world, especially in the low-middle and middle SDI countries.
Was auf Verpackungsunternehmen zukommt
Authors: Häring Norman
Published: October 2022

Ob und wann Moskau mit der Gasdrohung ernst macht, ist zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt noch ungewiss. Die Entwicklung der Situation ist gerade für die abpackende Industrie kaum absehbar.
Fällmittel einsparen und Methanemissionen vermeiden
Authors: Dittmann Maria
Published: October 2022

Zahlreiche Kläranlagen haben derzeit ein Problem oder bekommen es in Kürze. Hierbei geht es um die Knappheit an Chemikalien, die für die Phosphatelimination oder Schlammkonditionierung erforderlich sind. Langfristig bieten sich Alternativen.
The Twin Shocks for Banking Sector in an Emerging Economy: Corona-Pandemic and Digital Transformation
Authors: Hameed Filza , Anwar Muhammad Mudassar , Qurratulain Khan  , Afaq Aneeqa
Published: October 2022

Purpose-Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic jolted the corporate as well various other sectors of the economies. Since pandemic-stricken damage possibly threatens survival as well sustenance of financial institutions, economic stability as well security, and regulatory mechanism as well discipline across nations-developing or developed. As the corona crisis is most probably expected to continue and research studies in emerging economies are scarce in nature pertaining to the COVID-19 epidemic and banking sector. Given this important gap in the literature, this study mainly focuses on theoretically investigating how banks coped to regulate their financial services in times of coronavirus as policymakers recommended that public needs for financial services need to be safely met by utilizing digital channels.

Findings-As this has now become an urgent priority for public service providers to digitally transform their services. But non-existence and/or availability of poor digital infrastructure makes it difficult for the banking sector to fully digitally transform itself and gain associated benefits.

Implications-The current study’s useful insights are expected to inspire both scholars as well practitioners to understand COVID-19 and the emergent need for digital transformation as twin shock for the banking sector from an emerging economy’s perspective.