bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Old mechanical hard disk drive- an excellent tool to demonstrate oscillation experiments
Authors: Hu Lian
Published: January 2025

The scrapped old hard disk drive (HDD) includes a spindle motor and a voice coil motor (VCM), which can be modified to the adjustable oscillator in three ways. VCM arm can vibrate at a specified frequency due to its special structure, making it suitable for demonstrating oscillation experiments such as resonance and standing waves that require precise frequency control. The HDD spindle motor can be easily modified into a simple crank mechanism to produce standing waves with various harmonics. The spindle motor and VCM can be modified to a crank–rocker mechanism, generating mechanical vibration. These three small-volume, portable vibration modules can all be used to demonstrate some vibration phenomena such as standing waves within a limited table range, and they can generate longitudinal and transverse waves simultaneously.
Reformulation of classical thermodynamics from information theory
Authors: Barzi F , Fethi K
Published: January 2025

In this study, we present a reformulation of classical equilibrium thermodynamics by replacing the obscure and ambiguous concept of entropy with the clear and intuitive concept of information stored in a thermodynamic system. Specifically, we rewrite the laws of thermodynamics in the mathematical terminology borrowed from information theory with an emphasis on information instead of entropy and on binary logarithm instead of natural one. We also define a modified ideal gas constant denoted as

R

that quantifies the energy cost of storing or retrieving a mole of information. Moreover an application to the ideal gas is carried and new insight on the evolution of the system is acquired. This new formulation might serve as a basis to teaching thermodynamics, where one deals with the concept of energy and information both stored in a thermodynamic system and avoids the lack of cognitive representations inherent in the concept of entropy.
Systematics in ETG mass profile modelling: strong lensing & stellar dynamics
Authors: Melo-Carneiro Carlos R. , Furlanetto Cristina , Chies-Santos Ana L.
Published: January 2025

Strong gravitational lensing and stellar dynamics are independent and powerful methods to probe the total gravitational potential of galaxies, and thus, their total mass profile. However, inherent degeneracies in the individual models makes it difficult to obtain a full understanding of the distribution of baryons and dark matter (DM), although such degeneracies might be broken by the combination of these two tracers, leading to more reliable measurements of the mass distribution of the lens galaxy. We use mock data from IllustrisTNG50 to compare how dynamical-only, lens-only, and joint modelling can constrain the mass distribution of early-type galaxies (ETGs). The joint model consistently outperforms the other models, achieving a 2% accuracy in recovering the total mass within 2.5R
eff. The Einstein radius is robustly recovered for both lens-only and joint models, with the first showing a median fractional error of -5% and the latter a fractional error consistent with zero. The stellar mass-to-light ratio and total mass density slope are well recovered by all models. In particular, the dynamical-only model achieves an accuracy of 1% for the stellar mass-to-light ratio, while the accuracy of the mass density slope is typically of the order of 5% for all models. However, all models struggle to constrain integrated quantities involving DM and the halo parameters. Nevertheless, imposing more restrictive assumptions on the DM halo, such as fixing the scale radius, could alleviate some of the issues. Finally, we verify that the number of kinematical constraints (15, 35, 55 bins) on the kinematical map does not impact the models outcomes.
Thermal effects on warm chromoinflation
Authors: Kamali Vahid , Ramos Rudnei O.
Published: January 2025

We explore a model of a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson inflaton field coupled to a
non-Abelian SU(2) gauge field. This model naturally leads to a warm inflation scenario, where
the inflationary dynamics is dominated by thermal dissipation. In this work, we consider a
scenario where the inflaton, an axion-like field, is coupled to the SU(2) gauge field, similar
to chromoinflation models. Both the inflaton and the gauge field with a non-vanishing vacuum
expectation value are coupled to a thermal radiation bath. We demonstrate that the presence of
the thermal bath during warm chromoinflation induces a thermal plasma mass for the background
gauge field. This thermal mass can significantly disrupt the dynamics of the background gauge
field, thereby driving it to its trivial null solution.
Gravitational-wave signatures of gravito-electromagnetic couplings
Authors: Papanikolaou Theodoros , Tzerefos Charalampos , Capozziello Salvatore , Lambiase Gaetano
Published: January 2025

Gravitational waves (GWs) can undoubtedly serve as a messenger from the early Universe acting as well as a novel probe of the underlying gravity theory. In this work, motivated by one-loop vacuum-polarization effects on curved spacetime, we investigate a gravitational theory with non-minimal curvature-electromagnetic coupling terms of the form ξR/M
Pl2

F

μν

F

μν
, where M
Pl is the reduced Planck mass, R is the scalar curvature and F

μν
the Faraday tensor, being responsible for the generation of primordial electromagnetic fields. We study then the GW signatures of such coupling terms deriving in particular for the first time to the best of our knowledge the modified tensor modes equation of motion. Remarkably, we find a universal infrared (IR) frequency scaling f
5 of the electromagnetically induced GW (EMIGW) signal, which, depending on the energy scale of inflation, the duration of inflation and reheating as well as the dynamical behaviour of the coupling function ξ, can be well within the detection sensitivity bands of GW experiments such as SKA, LISA, ET and BBO, being thus potentially detectable in the future by GW observatories.
Seismic safety strategy for IFMIF-DONES
Authors: Ruiz López Mario Francisco , Maestre Jorge , Beltran Francisco , Torregrosa-Martin Claudio , García Mario , García-Macías Enrique , Gallego Rafael , Ibarra Ángel
Published: January 2025

IFMIF-DONES (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility - DEMO Oriented Neutron Source) will be a unique facility dedicated to the irradiation of fusion materials by means of a high neutron flux, with a spectrum comparable to the one expected in the first wall of fusion reactors. Due to the moderate seismicity in southern Spain, the IFMIF-DONES project needs to pay careful attention to the seismic safety and the protection of the machine.The seismic strategy developed for the facility follows the graded approach for seismic design defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which is consistent with the relatively small radiological/toxicological hazard of the installation and commensurate to its singularity. A comprehensive approach is presented, this encompassing every stage of the seismic design and assessment of the facility. It covers the seismic hazard analysis for the site, including consideration of site effects, the definition of design and beyond design basis earthquakes, the definition of operational earthquakes, the seismic analysis of the Main Building, which will house most of the critical components, and the fragility analysis and seismic margin assessment to demonstrate robustness for the beyond design basis earthquake.This paper provides an overview of the seismic safety strategy now being applied in the IFMIF-DONES Project.
A random planting model
Authors: Talbot J , Viot P , Colliaux D
Published: January 2025

The adoption of agroecological practices will be crucial to address the challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss. Such practices favor the cultivation of plants in complex mixtures with layouts differing from the monoculture approach of conventional agriculture. Inspired by random sequential adsorption processes, we propose a one-dimensional model in which the plants are represented as line segments that start as points and grow at a constant rate until they reach length σ after a time interval τ. The planting positions and times are randomly chosen with the constraint that plant overlap is forbidden. We apply an exact, event-driven simulation to investigate the resulting spatiotemporal patterns and yields in both mono- and duocultures. After a transient period, with oscillations in the density and coverage, the field reaches a steady state in which the mean age of plants is one half of the time to maturity. The structure of the active plants is characterized by correlation functions between the fluctuation of the age of a plant and its kth neighbour. Nearest neighbours are negatively correlated, while next nearest neighbours tend to have similar ages. The steady state yield increases with the planting rate and approaches a maximum value of 4/3 plants per unit length per unit time. For two species with the same size at maturity but different growth rates, the more slowly growing species is enriched in the harvest compared to the seed mix composition. If two species have the same time to maturity but different sizes, the smaller one is enriched in the harvest and, at a sufficiently high planting rate, the larger species may be completely absent. For two species with the same ratio of

σ

/

τ

the selectivity is insensitive to the planting rate. This model and the algorithms describing the planting strategies may be extended to higher dimensions, more species and other planting strategies that may assist in the design of novel microfarms.
Markov spin models for image generation: explicit large deviations with respect to the number of pixels
Authors: Monthus Cécile
Published: January 2025

For the discrete-time or the continuous-time Markov spin models for image generation when each pixel

n
=
1
,
.
.
,
N

can take only two values

S
n

=
±
1

, the finite-time forward propagator depends on the initial and on the final configurations of the N spins only via a single global variable, namely the extensive overlap that counts the number of spins that have the same value or not in the two configurations. The joint probability distribution of the overlap and of the magnetization during the forward noising dynamics can be written for any finite number N of pixels and in the limit

N
→
+
∞

to extract the large deviation properties. The consequences for the backward reconstructive dynamics are then analyzed for various initial conditions, namely (i) a single image, (ii) a mixture of two images, (iii) when the initial condition corresponds to the Curie–Weiss mean-field ferromagnetic model in the microcanonical ensemble as a simple analog of the manifold-hypothesis concerning continuous generative diffusion models.
Random sequential adsorption of polydisperse mixtures on a cubic lattice
Authors: Beljin-Čavić M , Budinski-Petković Lj , Lončarević I , Jakšić Z M , Vrhovac S B
Published: January 2025

The irreversible random sequential adsorption of polydisperse mixtures of ‘lattice animals’ on a three-dimensional cubic lattice is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. A ‘lattice animal’ is defined as a 3D object composed of a group of points connected as nearest neighbors on a lattice. Polydisperse mixtures consist of n objects of varying sizes but sharing the same basic shape. This study analyzes the influence of polydispersity and the geometrical properties of the shapes on the jamming density

θ
J

and the temporal evolution of the density

θ
(
t
)

. The approach of the coverage to the jamming limit

θ
J

is found to be exponential, expressed as

θ
(
t
)
=

θ
J

−
A

e

−
t

/

σ

, both for the mixtures and their individual components. The values of relaxation time σ are determined by the number of different orientations m that the lattice animals can take when placed on a cubic lattice. It is observed that the parameter σ increases linearly with the number of mixture components n of the same basic shape. Additionally, the partial jamming densities and corresponding relaxation times σ decrease as the size of the mixture components increases.
KALYPSO LGAD — a MHz repetition rate line camera based on trench
isolated low gain avalanche detector
Authors: Patil M.M. , Caselle M. , Bründermann E. , Chilingarayan S. , Kopmann A. , Niehues G. , Steinmann J.L. , Stankov S. , Widmann C. , Müller A.-S. , Borghi G. , Paternoster G. , Centis Vignali M. , Boscardin M.
Published: January 2025

Designed for accelerator beam diagnostics and photon science applications, KALYPSO is a line array camera that stands out for its high-speed performance with the ability to operate at rates up to 12 Mfps in continuous readout mode while maintaining full occupancy. In this contribution, the KALYPSO system with sensor based on TI-LGAD is presented. The latest version of this system is employed as a beam diagnostic imaging sensor to measure radiation profiles of the particle beam at the KIT accelerator, KARA. The system's key features will be presented, including its linearity, sensitivity, and dynamic range.
Optimizing of process parameters of AA6061-TiO2 Castings that used as a solar collector: parametric study
Authors: Ugla Adnan A. , Hassan Jwad K.
Published: January 2025

This study emphasizes the fabrication of AA6061 reinforced with TiO2 as a composite addition to modify its mechanical and microstructural properties. This study adopted mold vibration, angle of pouring, and TiO2 concentration as process parameters. Used the Taguchi approach with L9 orthogonal design to investigate how process parameters affected the granular size and tensile strength of AA6061-TiO2 ingots. investigated the microstructure, chemical composition, phase composition, tensile strength, and microhardness of AA061 composite ingots using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope with EDS, an XRD diffractometer, a universal tensile strength machine, and a Vickers hardness the design of experiments (DOE) approach analysis reveals that the most efficient combination of casting parameters that gave the highest ultimate tensile strength and the smallest grain size was 100 Hz mold frequency, 90 degree pouring angle, and 10 At.% TiO2 addition. The sample prepared under these conditions achieved a tensile strength of 142.2 MPa and a grain size of 80µm. Also, the microstructural study shows that the intermetallic compound precipitate is spread out evenly, and the grain size gets smaller as the vibration of the mold gets stronger. The XRD analysis shows there is a decrease in the intensity of diffraction peaks when increasing the vibration of casting mold and the TiO2 concentration.
Implementation of an MPPT Technique for Solar PV Systems Based on a Programmable Logic Controller
Authors: Younis Omar A. , Ibraheem Ahmed M. T.
Published: January 2025

In this research study, an automated design is introduced for the Photovoltaic (PV) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Technique using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) S7-1200 type. The perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm was employed to track the maximum power point continuously and reduce output fluctuations. This innovative design seeks to address the usual constraints associated with standard P&O-MPPT algorithms by harnessing the power of PLC automation. The system was meticulously modelled and simulated using the Siemens Automation program (TIA Portal) with the use of a ladder and Structured Control Language (SCL) languages, depicted as a function block. Furthermore, an experimental prototype was developed employing a PLC as the control unit to authenticate the accuracy and effectiveness of the P&O algorithm’s outcomes with a DC-DC Boost converter. The system’s performance was compared under varying meteorological conditions. Additionally, a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) screen was developed for periodic monitoring and displaying results on the PC screen. The system has proven to be highly efficient in tracking maximum power, periodic monitoring, and displaying results on the computer screen.
Modeling the composite fuel’s flow and combustion process in a combined burner device
Authors: Mizher Usama J. , Kovalnogov Vladislav N. , Chukalin Andrei V.
Published: January 2025

The Go Green campaign’s objectives, which include raising public awareness of clean air, cannot be supported without using renewable energy sources like biogas. Producing energy from industrial and residential waste by getting and burning an intermediate goal product, gas fuel (biogas), is a promising solution to environmental sustainability and energy security concerns. Swirling the fuel-air flow is the best approach to speed up the combustion process. In this paper, a mathematical model of a turbulent combustion process that is non-stationary and incorporates flow swirl is proposed. The 𝑘 − 𝜖 turbulence model (realizable) proposed in this study allows the simulation of the fuel-air mixture combustion process; it also shows the quantitative content of NOx and COx in the combustion products of fuel combination (natural gas and biogas). A combustion chamber model, including a single integrated burner device, is showcased. ANSYS Fluent was used to conduct a numerical investigation of a non-stationary turbulent gas flow that involved the combined burning of biogas and natural gas.
Meat is healthy, green and vital to social and economic sustainability: frames used by the red meat industry during development of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations
Authors: Wood Amanda , Swan Janice , Masino Talia , Tørnqvist Bjørk , Röös Elin
Published: January 2025

To reduce environmental impacts from the food system, demand-side changes, especially reductions in the consumption of animal products in high-consuming populations, are needed. This will require policies promoting red meat reductions, since dietary patterns are difficult to change, but such policies will likely meet opposition from certain food industry actors. An example is provided by the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR), the evidence base underpinning all food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in the Nordic countries. The updated version recommends that individuals restrict red and processed meat consumption to a maximum of 350 grams per week for health reasons, and advises ‘considerably less’ is consumed for environmental reasons. During the revision of the NNR, Nordic red meat industry actors and farmers’ associations were quick to respond to indications that lower amounts of red meat would be recommended. We conducted a frame analysis of responses relating to red meat consumption made by these actors in the public consultations on the NNR. Our analytical framework built on literature-based frames commonly used by the meat industry in countries with high meat consumption. The results showed that actors supporting the red meat industry generally opposed reductions to red meat consumption (and production) by framing red meat consumption as healthy and red meat production as providing social, economic and environmental benefits. Red meat actors also questioned the science (or scientists) supporting reductions in red meat consumption. For any national authority tasked with developing dietary recommendations, it is crucial to identify how these actors frame red meat consumption and use these frames to influence the formulation of sustainable dietary guidelines.
Introduction
Authors: von Billerbeck Sarah , Gippert Birte Julia , Oksamytna Kseniya , Tansey Oisín
Published: January 2025

Chapter 1 introduces the book’s research puzzle: why do countries hosting United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations tend to consolidate authoritarian forms of governance, despite the UN’s stated aim of promoting democratization? Building on two relevant bodies of literature, on peacekeeping operations and international influences on regime politics, we formulate a theory of authoritarian enabling that acts as the framework for the book. Specifically, we argue that peacekeepers can enable authoritarian practices by national authorities through two mechanisms, capacity-building and signaling. We also explain our research design, a qualitative comparative study based on primary interview data from over 200 interviews across four cases: UN Transitional Administration in Cambodia (UNTAC), Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Unies / Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation en RD Congo (MONUC/MONUSCO) in the Democratic Republic of Congo, United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), and UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL). We end the chapter with an overview of the book.
Conclusion
Authors: von Billerbeck Sarah , Gippert Birte Julia , Oksamytna Kseniya , Tansey Oisín
Published: January 2025

The chapter provides a comparative analysis of our empirical findings and contextualizes the book’s contributions in the relevant academic literature and in international peacekeeping practice. First, it draws out cross-cutting themes and similarities and differences that emerge from the four case studies. Based on this analysis, it explores the structural and individual features that affect enabling, the question of whether enabling is inevitable, and potential mitigation strategies. Second, the chapter identifies recommendations for practice that arise from the authors’ findings. These directly link to their discussion of mitigation and aim for a balance between pursuing the objectives of United Nations peacekeeping and avoiding the dilemmas that may lead to enabling of authoritarian practices. Finally, the chapter places the book’s contributions in the wider context of the academic literatures on the unintended consequences of peacekeeping and the international dimensions of authoritarianism. It closes by identifying several avenues for further research.
Courts Ignore Women’s Struggles for Equality
Authors: Hasday Jill Elaine
Published: January 2025

Courts Ignore Women’s Struggles for Equality examines how the judiciary has left women out of the stories it tells about the nation. Supreme Court opinions recounting the Court’s history routinely skip over how women and gender shaped that history. They do not mention the Court’s long practice of reasoning about the Constitution on the premise that women rather than men should prioritize domesticity, which I call “Mullerism” after an early decision. Indeed, judges frequently center men and ignore women even when deciding cases about women’s status. This chapter introduces the concept of “spontaneous enlightenment stories” and shows how judges deploying those stories have erased women’s struggles for equality and misdescribed progress as emerging from consensus rather than conflict. The Supreme Court, and many other American courts, have attributed expansions in women’s rights over time to the seemingly spontaneous insights of male decisionmakers without acknowledging the feminist mobilization that pushed reform forward against vehement opposition. Many judges have likewise spent decades telling a variant of the spontaneous enlightenment story in recounting how Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act came to include a prohibition on sex discrimination in employment. Courts attribute that amendment to the scheming of male segregationists and disregard the evidence documenting the vital contributions that women made to get the sex discrimination prohibition into Title VII. This account emphasizes men’s underhandedness, rather than their high-mindedness, but similarly mischaracterizes how reform occurred by treating men as the only important actors and women as passive subjects of male decisionmaking.
Popular Culture Announces Women’s Emancipation
Authors: Hasday Jill Elaine
Published: January 2025

Popular Culture Announces Women’s Emancipation links the judiciary’s self-contradictory decisions to ideas circulating outside the courts. Many of us are familiar in our own time with popular commentary overstating the nation’s progress, across multiple dimensions. This chapter reveals how early in American history proclamations about the establishment of sex equality began appearing in popular culture and how commonly media accounts have deployed those declarations to support inequality. From at least the late nineteenth century onward, scores of popular writers opining about women’s place in America—and frequently giving implicit pride of place to white women—have described women’s inequality as part of the past rather than the present and encouraged readers to direct their concern elsewhere. Those pronouncements have often been openly self-contradictory, with popular authors expounding on the nation’s commitment to sex equality while explicitly defending persistent inequality. Textbooks have imparted similar lessons to generations of schoolchildren. Even as anti-suffragists fought mightily to maintain sex-based disenfranchisement, some schoolchildren were already reading that America had emancipated women. These declarations multiplied in the decades after the Nineteenth Amendment’s 1920 ratification, as textbooks highlighted white women’s voting, overlooked persistent limits on women’s rights, and ignored the many women of color still disenfranchised. In retrospect, it is easy to see how schoolchildren’s textbooks from previous eras masked inequality and nurtured complacency by exaggerating American progress. But many more recent textbooks continue to overstate the extent of reform and gloss over the opposition and obstacles that women’s rights activists have confronted.
Courts Protect and Perpetuate Inequality
Authors: Hasday Jill Elaine
Published: January 2025

Courts Protect and Perpetuate Inequality explores how America’s distorted stories about itself have practical consequences within the law that courts have made in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. I focus on five decisions from the United States Supreme Court along with numerous cases from state courts, drawing on archival and primary sources to uncover a clearer picture of what was at stake in these lawsuits than judges were willing to disclose. This chapter reveals how the modern Supreme Court has relied on the premise that the nation has left sexism behind as a reason to avoid examining how contemporary policies and practices perpetuate gendered inequality. I demonstrate how the Court has deployed that strategy when affirming the constitutionality of women’s exclusion from military registration, sex-specific statutory rape laws, and a sex-based rule governing the citizenship of nonmarital children born abroad. State courts have proceeded similarly when enforcing hostility to alimony and leniency about marital rape. The judicial inclination to defend inequality with sweeping exaggerations about American progress shows no sign of abating. With the hoary tradition of self-contradictory victory announcements in view, it becomes readily apparent how overly rosy accounts of women’s status in contemporary America ran through the Supreme Court’s 2022 decision undoing federal constitutional safeguards on legislative power over abortion.
Anti-Feminists Capitalize on America’s Misremembered Past
Authors: Hasday Jill Elaine
Published: January 2025

Anti-Feminists Capitalize on America’s Misremembered Past turns to politics and political activism outside the courts. This chapter uncovers a crucial tool in the anti-feminist arsenal. Using internal movement documents along with external primary sources, I show how anti-feminists over the past half century, like anti-suffragists before them, have shrewdly exploited and reinforced America’s penchant for overstating progress. Proclaiming that the nation has already established women’s equality has made it easier for politicians and activists to oppose feminist reform and promote regression while simultaneously purporting to support women’s rights. The crusade that Phyllis Schlafly and her allies waged in the 1970s and 1980s to block the Equal Rights Amendment took full advantage of this mode of attack, repeatedly deploying assertions about the achievement of women’s equality that were supposedly universal but kept white middle-class heterosexual women foremost in mind. Schlafly’s ideological heirs have followed her playbook in the decades since. Conservative and reactionary legislators and activists routinely insist that America has already triumphed over sex discrimination and wield that contention against feminist mobilization, including feminist efforts to increase government support for childcare, protect abortion rights, defend affirmative action, and push for the ERA.
Mechanical circulatory support: when, how, and for whom
Authors: Møller Jacob Eifer , Thiele Holger , Morrow David , Kjærgaard Jesper , Hassager Christian
Published: January 2025

Cardiogenic shock represents a critical condition in which the heart is unable to maintain adequate circulation leading to insufficient tissue perfusion and end-organ failure. Temporary mechanical circulatory support offers the potential to stabilize patients, provide a bridge-to-recovery, provide a bridge-to-decision, or facilitate definitive heart replacement therapies. Although randomized controlled trials have been performed in infarct-related cardiogenic shock and refractory cardiac arrest, the optimal timing, appropriate patient selection, and optimal implementation of these devices remain complex and predominantly based on observational data and expert consensus, especially in non-ischaemic shock. This review explores the details of ‘when, how, and for whom’ temporary mechanical circulatory support devices should be used, examining specific clinical scenarios, the mechanisms by which they operate, and the patient populations that may benefit. The review also highlights the many gaps in evidence and need for better understanding of the interaction between human biology and these devices.
Functional, structural, and physicochemical properties of spray-dried abalone (Haliotis discus subsp hannai Ino) protein and hydrolysates with varying degrees of hydrolysis
Authors: Zhu Xiaotong , Li Guiyang , Chen Zhongqin , Cao Wenhong , Lin Haisheng , Gao Jialong , Qin Xiaoming , Zheng Huina
Published: January 2025

This study focused on preparing abalone protein hydrolysates from abalone muscle using papain and characterizing their functional, physicochemical, and structural properties. Abalone hydrolysates were stable in solubility across a hydrolysis degree range of 5.95–14.46%. Hydrolysis notably enhanced foam capacity from 62% (Control) to 138% (APH-3). Emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability also improved significantly, increasing from 19.94 m2/g (Control) to 37.53 m2/g (APH-1) and from 19.59 minutes (Control) to 40.95 minutes (APH-1), respectively (P < 0.05). Moderate hydrolysis reduced protein molecular size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential, while increasing surface hydrophobicity, with APH-3 (DH 9.84%) showing the highest value. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed variations in protein composition with different hydrolysis degrees. Increased hydrolysis led to more disordered protein structures, affecting β-sheet, β-turn, and random coil proportions. Endogenous fluorescence and UV absorption intensities increased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas α-helix content and disulfide bonds decreased (P < 0.05). E-nose analysis indicated that hydrolysis degree significantly affected aromatic, hydride, alcohol, and methane aliphatic compounds. This study provides guidance for developing abalone protein hydrolysates with enhanced properties as potential functional foods.
Comparative characterization of flavour metabolites in meat of Qianbei brown goat, Sunit sheep and Tan sheep using HS-SPME-GC–MS and relative odour activity value
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Zou Jialu , Xiong Lijuan , Chen Xuan , Wang Lanlan , Zhu Li , Ren Daoyuan , Zhang Jianyong
Published: January 2025

This study sought to investigate the volatile flavor profile of foreleg meat from different lamb breeds and to compare the flavor differences among Qianbei Brown Goat (QBG), Tan Sheep (TS), and Sunit Sheep (SS) using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC–MS) and a relative odor activity value (rOAV) > 1. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyse metabolic changes. Differential metabolites were selected based on a VIP > 1, P < 0.05, fold change > 2, or < 0.5. ROAV > 1 combined with flavouromics was used for aroma analysis. Flavoromics analysis showed notable differences in aroma profiles among the TS, QBG, and SS groups. The TS group exhibited the strongest green, fruity, fresh, and fatty flavors. Seven key aroma compounds were identified as contributors to the aroma variations among different lamb breeds. These findings reveal flavor variations between lamb breeds.
Textural properties of plant-based meat analogue Extrudates enriched with pineapple processing by-product powder
Authors: Lu Van Lil , Gavahian Mohsen , Lin Jenshinn
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of incorporating pineapple pomace powders, the fibre-rich by-product of pineapple processing, on the structural properties of meat analogues produced using a pilot-scale extruder. A response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design was employed to optimise the processing parameters of pineapple pomace powder replacement for soy protein isolate (5, 10, 15% by peel pomace; 10, 15, 20% by edible pomace), water feed flow (55, 60, 65%), screw speed (30, 40, 50 rpm), and barrel temperature (120, 130, 140 °C), respectively. The extrudates obtained value-added stable textured vegetable proteins (TVP) with expansion ratios (ER) of 0.92 to 1.06, suggesting efficient fibre and protein alignment within the matrix. The water absorption index (WAI) was optimised at 150.39%, achieving properties that closely resemble the water-holding capacity of freeze-dried chicken meat. Findings showed that including pineapple pomace powder enhances ER, WAI, and the degree of texturisation, making the plant-based product resemble animal-based meat more tightly. This approach utilised moderately productive equipment to transform post-harvest by-products into meat analogues, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and innovative food processing through optimisation methodologies.
Application of functional edible films with antioxidant, probiotic, and antimicrobial properties on Mexican sweet potato candy
Authors: de J Espinosa-Martínez D , Aparicio-Fernández X , Ramírez-López C , Hernández-Carranza P , Ruiz-López I I , Ochoa-Velasco C E
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to develop and apply composite functional edible films based on fermented (Lactobacillus acidophilus) or non-fermented whey solution, prebiotics (inulin), and/or dragon fruit (DF) powder. The edible films were assessed in their physicochemical, mechanical, antioxidant, probiotic survival, and antimicrobial (Salmonella Typhimurium) characteristics after 30 days of storage (4 °C). A selected edible film was applied to improve the quality characteristics of Mexican sweet potato candy namely camote de Puebla. The fermentation process reduced the pH and increased the high acidity of edible films, while mechanical characteristics did not vary among edible films. The addition of DF to edible film formulations affected their color (medium light shade of pink) and increased their total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (63–288 and 46–163%, respectively). After storage, the probiotic count was maintained (> 1 × 107 CFU/g) in all edible films based on fermented solutions, showing antimicrobial activity compared to their non-fermented counterpart. Selected edible film (fermented whey solution, inulin, and DF) based on probiotic survival and antimicrobial activity enhanced the functional properties of the sweet potato candy. However, the color and appearance were negatively affected, especially after 15 days of storage at room temperature.
A review on high frequency sound waves and nutrients: influence of ultra-sonication on nutritional aspect of fruit juice blends
Authors: Pathania Neha , Dubey Praveen Kumar
Published: January 2025

Fruit based blends are gaining popularity due to their tremendous properties like they are rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, flavonoids, carotenoids and dietary fibres, making them highly able to reduce the risk of certain diseases. Due to high water content fruit juices are highly vulnerable to microbial contamination and spoilage. Therefore it is a challenge for food industry to maintain the integrity and reduce the destruction of these compounds in fruit juices. Thermal treatments can destroy the heat sensitive compounds like vitamins and antioxidants. Therefore ultrasound (US) has gained popularity as a sustainable non-thermal technology as high frequency sound waves from ultrasound cause disruption of the matrix and favour the compounds to seep out of the cell. US facilitate the extraction of bioactive components like ascorbic acid, carotenoids and phenolic compounds as well as nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids and increase their accessibility enhancing the nutritive value of the fruit juices. The current review’s objective is to provide a brief summary of research findings which focus specifically on the current use of US on various fruit based juices. However, there are fewer researches evaluating the impact of ultra-sonication on the macro and micronutrients.
Improving the tensile strength of yuba films via disulfide bond breaking-mediated aggregation of soy proteins
Authors: Cai Wen-qiang , Zhang Jun-wei , Zou Bo-wen , Na Xiao-kang , Lin Dong-dong , Ren Chao , Zheng Xiao-han , Xu Xian-bing , Du Ming , Zhu Beiwei , Wu Chao
Published: January 2025

Yuba films, a traditional unfermented soybean product, primarily consist of protein and lipid. These films are formed on the air-contact surface of soymilk by heating. However, its industrial production is currently challenged by the poor mechanical properties. In this study, we proposed a simple yet effective strategy to enhance the tensile strength of yuba films by introducing sodium metabisulfite (SM) to participate in the formation of protein aggregates in the emulsions. SM accelerated the dissociation of subunits of soybean protein by disrupting the disulfide bonds, resulting in the development of larger protein aggregates. The rheological properties and interfacial adsorption behavior suggested that these large protein aggregates exhibited greater diffusion and rearrangement rates, and were more readily to unfolding at the interface and re-crosslinking to form a denser protein network. The circular dichroism and fluorescence spectrum indicated that the protein aggregates formed from SM-treated emulsions had a stronger trapping of hydrophobic residues compared to those from the control group. These findings have the capacity to contribute to the development and industrial production of yuba films and other plant protein-based film products with specific qualities.
Improving the physicochemical properties of composite yuba with whey protein isolate by ultrasound treatment: study on the film-forming ability and structure
Authors: Chen Yao , Han Yuxin , Wei Xinyu , Cao Weiwei , Li Linlin , Duan Xu , Gao Ke , Zhang Junhui , Chen Junliang , Ren Guangyue
Published: January 2025

Yuba is a traditional soy product made from soymilk. However, producing nutritious yuba with high quality and yield remains a challenge. This study aimed to optimize the mechanical and nutritional properties of yuba by adding whey protein isolate (WPI). The impact of ultrasound powers (0-800 W) on the physicochemical properties of WPI-soymilk dispersions and their product-yuba was studied. The group at 400 W had the highest surface hydrophobicity (3917.25 ± 10.54) and free sulfhydryl content (52.31 ± 0.39 μmol/g proein). Compared with the control, ultrasound reduced the particle size of the soymilk and shifted the distribution from multimodal to unimodal. Meanwhile, the composite soymilk exhibited shear thinning behavior and the apparent viscosity of ultrasound-treated group was lower than the untreated group. Compared with the non-ultrasound samples, the tensile strength of composite yuba significantly increased by 8%, while the elongation at break decreased by 22% at 200 W. The formation of composite yuba was mainly facilitated by the hydrogen and disulfide bonds between WPI and soymilk under ultrasound treatment, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These findings provided some vital evidence for the utilization of ultrasound in the processing of yuba with addition of WPI.
Hidden in plain sight: abdominopelvic pain unveiling a Spigelian hernia containing ovary and fallopian tube
Authors: Ketner Joel , Lizalek Jason M , Maginot Elizabeth , Berning Bennett B
Published: January 2025

Spigelian hernias are rare clinical entities; vague symptomatology and unreliable clinical examination ensure difficult diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) is critical for accurate diagnosis. Surgical repair is mandated given the high risk of visceral organ incarceration. Few cases have reported herniation of the ovary or fallopian tube. A 76-year-old female presented with bilateral lower quadrant pain associated with tenderness and no palpable bulge. A CT scan identified a right lower quadrant Spigelian hernia containing the right ovary and fallopian tube. A laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair with mesh was performed. Intraoperative evaluation showed a congested ovary. The patient was discharged postoperative Day 1. Spigelian hernias can involve the small intestine, greater omentum, or colon, while cases involving the gynecologic organs are rare. CT is key to diagnosis. A minimally invasive surgical approach should be considered given its potential benefits of decreased wound complications and its diagnostic and therapeutic utility.
Conoccurence of extraskeletal osteosarcoma and undiagnosed Paget disease in a 49-year-old female
Authors: Bogojevska Doksevska Milena , Todorova Teodora , Popovska Danica , Velkovski Vilijam , Angelovska Tamara , Foteva Marta , Kunovska Slavica Kostadinova , Kocev Smiljana Bundovska , Rebok Katerina , Samardziski Milan
Published: January 2025

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) represents a rare soft tissue entity, accounting for ⁓1% of all soft tissue malignancies. It is generally considered to have an even worse prognosis than bone osteosarcoma, therefore detailed investigations and proper treatment are required. ESOSs arising in the subcutaneous tissue are even rarer than the ones positioned in deep tissues, and they are considered to have far better outcomes. We present a case of a 49-year-old patient diagnosed with subcutaneous ESOS and Paget disease of the bone, which is not typical for the patient's age, considering that Paget disease of the bone tends to affect a population above 50 years. The coexistence of these two entities in a single patient and all their features make this case unique, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported.
SOS2 phosphorylates FREE1 to regulate multi-vesicular body trafficking and vacuolar dynamics under salt stress
Authors: Liu Guoyong , Zeng Yonglun , Li Baiying , Wang Xiangfeng , Jiang Liwen , Guo Yan
Published: January 2025

Salt stress causes ion toxicity in plant cells and limits plant growth and crop productivity. Sodium ions (Na+) are transported out of the cell and sequestered in the vacuole for detoxification under salt stress. The salt excretion system is controlled by the SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE (SOS) pathway, which consists of the calcium sensors SOS3 and SOS3-LIKE CALCIUM BINDING PROTEIN 8, the protein kinase SOS2, and the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1. Although much is known about salt responses in plants at the molecular level, it remains unclear if and how plants respond to salt stress through endomembrane remodeling. In this study, we describe a mechanism of salt tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) involving the modulation of FREE1 levels, which impacts multivesicular body (MVB) trafficking. Specifically, the ESCRT-I (endosomal sorting complex required for transport-I) component FREE1 (FYVE DOMAIN PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR ENDOSOMAL SORTING 1) regulates vacuole fragmentation to enhance salt tolerance. SOS2 phosphorylates FREE1, leading to its degradation and affecting MVB maturation, thereby reducing MVB-vacuole fusion and regulating endomembrane dynamics in response to salt stress. These findings highlight the adaptive role of the plant endomembrane system in coping with salt stress.
Glans ischaemia after circumcision in a child: a case report with review of the management
Authors: Ecoffey Claude , Mahraoui Mohamed , Semaan Albert , Mercier Frédéric J.
Published: January 2025

We present the case of a 13-year-old boy with glans ischaemia after circumcision who was treated with nitroglycerin spray, spinal block, and prostacyclin analog. The outcome was favourable without any sequelae. Several possible causes of this rare complication are described. Various treatments are reported by other authors. There is evidence that topical, oral and intravenous vasodilators and anti-sympatholytic agents are important for improving vascular flow and oxygenation to the glans penis.
Vitamin D: a potential prevention for type 2 DM?
Authors: Mohsin Habiba , Khan Hamdana , Malikzai Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease prevalent worldwide, with a rapidly growing parallel prevalence and adversities affecting multi-body systems. The global prevalence of T2DM, affecting 10.5% of the world’s population currently, is expected to increase with a greater spike seen in middle-low income countries. Following COVID-19, a significant rise of 77.3% was also observed in youth onset T2DM which poses a greater risk of complications. Hence, it is imperative to treat T2DM effectively. Over the last decade, vitamin D has emerged as a risk factor for T2DM and vitamin D supplementation has been inferred as a potential intervention to lower diabetes risk. In recent trials, Vitamin D levels have been seen to reduce the severity of complications in diabetics and the risk of T2DM in pre-diabetics. Maintenance of Vitamin D levels and supplementation in those deficient, has lowered the risk of microvascular complications, significantly reduced FBG and HbA1c especially in obese, Asians and patients with Vitamin D deficiency, improved the healing of diabetic foot ulcer by improving glycemic control and suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Vitamin D supplementation has also shown to significantly decrease the risk of premature birth, neonatal hospitalization, and hyperbilirubinemia in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus by lowering serum low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and an elevation in serum 25(OH)D and high-density lipoprotein levels. Due to lower side effect profile than drugs, large scale trials on preventative benefits of Vitamin D on diabetics and pre-diabetics should be conducted to establish these results. Furthermore, several long-term studies performed also revealed an inverse correlation between vitamin D levels and the occurrence of diabetes mellitus.