bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Bamboo Charcoal
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono , Ngafwan Ngafwan , Wijianto Wijianto
Published: March 2024

The aim of this work is to synthesis nanoparticles from bamboo charcoal and identify the majority elements of the nanoparticles. The bamboo charcoal is made by pyrolysis process. The charcoal was manually pulverized before being sieved through a filter with a mesh size of 200. The synthesis of the nanoparticle was conducted by using a top-down approach of ball milling process. The charcoal powder that had passed through the filter and the milling balls of steel were then poured into a vial of glass. In the vial, the milling operation was carried out. The vial had a diameter of 71 mm and a length of 119 mm, while the ball's diameter was 0.25 inches. To have the balls collide and reduce the size of the charcoal particles, the vial was rotated. 5 million cycles at 500 revolutions per minutes were performed on the shaker machine. The empty space in the vial was one third of vial volume for the movement of the milling balls. The ball milling process was separated into two conditions, namely dry and wet. For the wet procedure, the particles are filtered to separate the particles based on their size. The particle morphology, size, and elements in the particle produced by the process were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results showed that the size of the particles of the dry procedure is un-uniform in the range of about 300 nm to 600 nm with irregular shape. The dominant element is carbon. The wet procedure produced a more uniform size in the range of 100 nm to 200 nm with also irregular shape. The most dominant element is also carbon.
Repositioning the Early Pathology of Type 1 Diabetes to the Extraislet Vasculature
Authors: Costanzo Anne , Clarke Don , Holt Marie , Sharma Siddhartha , Nagy Kenna , Tan Xuqian , Kain Lisa , Abe Brian , Luce Sandrine , Boitard Christian , Wyseure Tine , Mosnier Laurent O , Su Andrew I , Grimes Catherine , Finn M G , Savage Paul B , Gottschalk Michael , Pettus Jeremy , Teyton Luc
Published: March 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a prototypic T cell–mediated autoimmune disease. Because the islets of Langerhans are insulated from blood vessels by a double basement membrane and lack detectable lymphatic drainage, interactions between endocrine and circulating T cells are not permitted. Thus, we hypothesized that initiation and progression of anti-islet immunity required islet neolymphangiogenesis to allow T cell access to the islet. Combining microscopy and single cell approaches, the timing of this phenomenon in mice was situated between 5 and 8 wk of age when activated anti-insulin CD4 T cells became detectable in peripheral blood while peri-islet pathology developed. This “peri-insulitis,” dominated by CD4 T cells, respected the islet basement membrane and was limited on the outside by lymphatic endothelial cells that gave it the attributes of a tertiary lymphoid structure. As in most tissues, lymphangiogenesis seemed to be secondary to local segmental endothelial inflammation at the collecting postcapillary venule. In addition to classic markers of inflammation such as CD29, V-CAM, and NOS, MHC class II molecules were expressed by nonhematopoietic cells in the same location both in mouse and human islets. This CD45− MHC class II+ cell population was capable of spontaneously presenting islet Ags to CD4 T cells. Altogether, these observations favor an alternative model for the initiation of T1D, outside of the islet, in which a vascular-associated cell appears to be an important MHC class II–expressing and –presenting cell.
Murine MHC-Deficient Nonobese Diabetic Mice Carrying Human HLA-DQ8 Develop Severe Myocarditis and Myositis in Response to Anti–PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cancer Therapy
Authors: Racine Jeremy J , Bachman John F , Zhang Ji-Gang , Misherghi Adel , Khadour Raheem , Kaisar Sana , Bedard Olivia , Jenkins Catherine , Abbott Annie , Forte Elvira , Rainer Peter , Rosenthal Nadia , Sattler Susanne , Serreze David V
Published: March 2024

Myocarditis has emerged as an immune-related adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) cancer therapy associated with significant mortality. To ensure patients continue to safely benefit from life-saving cancer therapy, an understanding of fundamental immunological phenomena underlying ICI myocarditis is essential. We recently developed the NOD-cMHCI/II−/−.DQ8 mouse model that spontaneously develops myocarditis with lower mortality than observed in previous HLA-DQ8 NOD mouse strains. Our strain was rendered murine MHC class I and II deficient using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, making it a genetically clean platform for dissecting CD4+ T cell–mediated myocarditis in the absence of classically selected CD8+ T cells. These mice are highly susceptible to myocarditis and acute heart failure following anti–PD-1 ICI-induced treatment. Additionally, anti–PD-1 administration accelerates skeletal muscle myositis. Using histology, flow cytometry, adoptive transfers, and RNA sequencing analyses, we performed a thorough characterization of cardiac and skeletal muscle T cells, identifying shared and unique characteristics of both populations. Taken together, this report details a mouse model with features of a rare, but highly lethal clinical presentation of overlapping myocarditis and myositis following ICI therapy. This study sheds light on underlying immunological mechanisms in ICI myocarditis and provides the basis for further detailed analyses of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Development of Dicing Die Attach Film (DDAF) for Small Dies
Authors: Ishii Yutaro , Tanaka Yuya , Yamagishi Masanori , Miyawaki Manabu , Saiki Naoya
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the demand for ever smaller dies including Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) and sensors is dramatically increasing. Technologies such as automated driving technology are taking off and market pressures to reduce package size and increase the performance in mobile devices are increasing. DDAF increasingly is being utilized in these applications to bond dies to substrates and other dies. DDAF can be used both in the dicing and the die bonding process replacing the need for two separate materials to dice and bond dies. It is composed of DAF (Die Attach Film) and base material, and the DAF layer is what bonds small dies to substrates and other dies. Conventional DDAF however is susceptible to Transfer Failure (TF) with smaller die sizes. It is a failure mode in which the DAF layer peels off from the backside of the die during the die picking up (PU) process. There are multiple root causes for this issue; small dies have small DAF attachment area and smooth die backsides for increased die strength results in an inability of the DAF to anchor itself to the die. However, package reliability was decreased due to the material’s inability to embed itself on to the substrate. Effect factors for suppression of TF with high substrate embedding were explored. To explore these factors a right-angle tear strength method was implemented. Upon analysis of the data a new parameter for the suppression of TF was discovered. This parameter showed a strong correlation to TF. A new DDAF was developed that mitigates TF during PU proess.
Thermal Performance and Reliability of Liquid Metal Pastes with Solid Metal Particles as Thermal Interface Materials for the Cooling of Computing Electronics
Authors: Fan Guangyu , Kurish Jeffrey , Lamb John , Wicher Jacob , Banker Wakerley , Bonacci Alexander , Tagliaferri Sofia , Green Kyle
Published: March 2024

In recent years, we have developed a series of gallium-based liquid metal pastes containing low content solid metal particle additives (LMPMPs) to enhance thermal performance and control bondline thickness (BLT) of prepared liquid metal composites as thermal interface materials (TIMs). This new material is synthesized via in-situ by introducing gallium oxide into liquid metal alloys. In our recent research, we intensively investigated thermal properties of different primary liquid metal alloys containing small amounts of metal additives, and ran extensive reliability tests including power cycling, thermal cycling, and aging tests on the synthesized LMPMPs. In this paper, the thermal properties of the synthesized LMPMPs with different liquid metal alloys are studied with reliability tests that focus on power cycling by monitoring thermal resistance of LMPMPs over time using a custom power cycler. We have found power density, BLT, and different liquid metal alloys have a significant impact on thermal properties and reliability of LMPMPs. We also conducted thermal aging tests on Cu-LMPMPs-Cu sandwich specimens at 85°C in an ambient atmosphere to study the deterioration of thermal conductivity of LMPMPs over time, measured by laser flash analyzer using the layered structure method. Highly accelerated stress test (HAST) with a profile of 110°C, 85RH%, and 264 hours was used to study the decomposition of liquid metal alloys. Thermal cycling test with a profile of -40 to 125°C was employed to investigate the pump-out of LMPMPs. It has been proven that LMPMPs have much better thermal performances than polymer-based thermal grease.
Addressing Die Displacement in Lithography Processes for Advanced Packaging Applications
Authors: Misat Sylvain I. , de Boeij Jeroen , Huang Chia-Ching , van der Krieken Peter , Loktev Mikhail , Lee Yutai , van der Stam Michiel
Published: March 2024

To perpetuate Moore’s Law, semiconductor manufacturers are adopting advanced packaging technology as the mainstream solution. As a result, today, fan-out wafer level packaging is a key enabler of two- and three-dimensional packaging solutions. Among the manufacturing challenges, die displacement in lithography processes has been widely discussed, but a total solution is yet to come. In this study, we demonstrate die-by-die and global wafer alignment strategies available on-board the Kulicke & Soffa LITEQ 500 projection stepper. The versatility of a die-by-die alignment strategy allows for working with reconstituted wafers without resorting to an external metrology tool. The die displacement residuals can be reduced by three orders of magnitude, typically, from 100um to 100nm. The evaluation of overlay accuracy by implementing a die-by-die and global wafer alignment strategy indicates comparable performances. Considering high volume manufacturing, advanced process control of overlay is also capable of applying to a batch of wafers.
Characterization of a UV-USP Laser Grooving Process Combined with Plasma Dicing to Support Next Generation Advanced Packaging Trends
Authors: Evertsen Rogier , Hopkins Janet , Ansell Oliver , Kazemi Samira , Mumford Roland , Barnett Richard , Biesheuvel Kees , van Borkulo Jeroen
Published: March 2024

In this study, we investigated and characterized the combined process flow of the UV-USP (ultra-short pulse) laser grooving and plasma dicing wafer singulation technologies and discussed the impact on subsequent hybrid bonding steps. We benchmarked UV-USP laser grooving against UV-nanosecond laser grooving to enable plasma dicing by evaluation of imaging and die strength measurements. The results showed the advantages of the UV-USP laser grooving combined with plasma dicing for the current and future semiconductor production flows.
Stress Analysis and Optimization on Saddle-shape Warpage by Direct Patterning of Stressed Film
Authors: Kang Sujie , Han Min Soo , Lee Jung Shin , Lim Kyeongbin , Moon Bumki , Rhee Daniel Minwoo
Published: March 2024

As the stacks of the three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D-ICs) increases, the mechanical stress issues are challenging due to the increases in the asymmetry saddle-shape warpage. Various approaches to decrease asymmetric warpage were proposed by forming trenches of tens of micrometers or laser annealing treatment on the backside of wafer, but they had low throughput or lack of improved value. In this paper, we present a novel method to decrease the mechanical stress depending on the shape of the warpage by applying direct coating to the backside of wafer. The proposed method is to release the warpage by patterning a photo-sensitive polyimide (PSPI) with the inkjet-printing to adjust the surface characteristics and the steps, and then depositing tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) film with high compressive stress. We measured the changes in the asymmetric bow alongside the x-axis and y-axis before and after the process on the bare wafer by a finite element analysis using ABAQUS. Through the experiment and simulation, the x-y skew of about 230μm was obtained when 10μm-thick TEOS film was partially deposited on a 300mm wafer. In addition, by taking advantage of this process, the localized bow (warpage) can be released according to the changes in the thickness and area of the TEOS film. These results provide an effective guideline to solve unusual warpage caused by stacking process and can be applied to 3D integration in advanced packaging.
Trusted Data Acquisition in Microelectronics Manufacturing as a Basis for ML-Optimized Processing
Authors: Becker K. F. , Voges S. , Fruehauf P. , Heimann M. , Nerreter S. , Blank R. , Erdmann M. , Gottwald S. , Hofmeister A. , Lopuszanski P. , Hesse M. , Thies M. , Mehrafsun S. , Fust R. , Beck E. , Becicka M. , Pawlikowski J. , Schroeder B. , Voigt C. , Braun T. , Schneider-Ramelow M.
Published: March 2024

In the digitization of manufacturing processes, one of the major goals is the connection of production facilities and the use of data to digitize business processes. In order to optimize manufacturing processes and maximize the quality of the resulting product, further process information and data directly from the work piece and from the manufacturing environment are required to achieve a holistic system view in addition to the selected data that the manufacturing systems already provide. Within the SiEvEI 4.0 project, a research consortium from industry and academia works on process digitization for a manufacturing scenario where high value electronic goods are built in a distributed manufacturing environment. The key research topics addressed are the implementation of a Chain of Trust [CoT] for trustworthy distributed manufacturing and the application of artificial intelligence/machine learning to analyze and eventually optimize manufacturing processes. The basic concepts of this approach have been presented at IMAPS 2021. As an update, this paper reports on the actual experimental evaluation of these concepts in two different assembly lines, including data acquisition, data handling and AI processing with the goal to optimize processing targeting higher production yield and product quality. Specific for this work is the focus on high mix/low volume SMD assembly using fully automated equipment and Solder Ball Application.

As a result, the paper presents the experimental validation of the manufacturing process digitization and the use this digital description of a process combination to make a distributed manufacturing flow safe and increase product/process quality.
Risk factors for fragility fractures in patients with immunobullous diseases on long-term systemic glucocorticoids
Authors: Liau MeiQi May , Chandran Nisha Suyien
Published: March 2024

Dear Editor, Systemic glucocorticoids remain a cornerstone of therapy in immunobullous diseases. Yet little is known about glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in patients with immunobullous diseases. We performed a retrospective review of medical records at an immunodermatology clinic in a Singaporean tertiary centre. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients with a newly diagnosed immunobullous condition between January 2011 and October 2017, who were on long-term (>= 3 months) systemic glucocorticoids at a minimum daily dose of prednisolone 15mg. [...]
Are olecranon osteotomies preferred to triceps-elevating approaches in intraarticular distal humerus fractures? a literature review
Authors: Shekhbihi Abdelkader , Reichert Winfried , Masoud Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Background

The outdated ‘bag of bones’ concept for managing intraarticular distal humerus fractures (IDHF) has historically given way to precise articular reduction made possible by modern implant designs and the option of joint replacement as a last resort for unreconstructable fractures. Several posterior approaches to the distal humerus have been described since the last century, among which the olecranon osteotomy is considered the most invasive yet the most employed approach in cases of intraarticular distal humerus fractures.

Objectives

The advantages and reported complications of the triceps fascial tongue approach, the triceps reflecting anconeus pedicle (TRAP) approach, and the olecranon osteotomy in cases of intraarticular distal humerus fractures were the subjects of a thorough literature search in the PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. This literature review made use of all pertinent data.
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Prediction of Acute Liver Injury in Sepsis Patients
Authors: Lu Xiaochi , Chen Yi , Zhang Gongping , Zeng Xu , Lai Linjie , Qu Chaojun
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Acute liver injury (ALI) is a common complication of sepsis and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We aimed to develop a model to predict the risk of ALI in patients with sepsis after hospitalization.

Methods:

Medical records of 3196 septic patients treated at the Lishui Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province from January 2015 to May 2023 were selected. Cohort 1 was divided into ALI and non-ALI groups for model training and internal validation. The initial laboratory test results of the study subjects were used as features for machine learning (ML), and models built using nine different ML algorithms were compared to select the best algorithm and model. The predictive performance of model stacking methods was then explored. The best model was externally validated in Cohort 2.

Results:

In Cohort 1, LightGBM demonstrated good stability and predictive performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.841. The top five most important variables in the model were diabetes, congestive heart failure, prothrombin time, heart rate, and platelet count. The LightGBM model showed stable and good ALI risk prediction ability in the external validation of Cohort 2 with an AUC of 0.815. Furthermore, an online prediction website was developed to assist healthcare professionals in applying this model more effectively.

Conclusions:

The Light GBM model can predict the risk of ALI in patients with sepsis after hospitalization.
A Modified Four-point Scleral Fixation of Intraocular Lens in Aphakic Eyes without Adequate Capsular Support
Authors: Pao Shu-I , Chen Jiann-Torng , Chang Yun-Hsiang
Published: March 2024

Background:

Polypropylene is a commonly used suturing material for intraocular lens (IOL) scleral fixation, but a high breakage rate after several years of follow-up is reported. Meanwhile, Gore-Tex has been a popular artificial material in ophthalmic surgery.

Aim:

This pilot study investigated the safety and efficacy of a modified surgical technique for scleral fixation of a four-point, close-loop haptic IOL using Gore-Tex as the suture material for aphakic patients without adequate capsular support.

Methods:

A modified IOL scleral fixation technique was developed using a four-point, close-loop haptic IOL and Gore-Tex as the suture material. Patients undergoing the operation between March 2018 and May 2019 at one center were included in the study. The preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) with spectacles and postoperative UDVA with an IOL were compared as the main outcome. Follow-up time was 17–43 months.

Results:

A total of 10 eyes of 10 patients were enrolled, including 3 with iatrogenic IOL dislocation, 3 with iatrogenic lens drop, 2 with traumatic lens dislocation, and 2 with late in-the-bag IOL dislocation. The mean age was 70.8 ± 12.11 years. The mean UDVA, evaluated by the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, was decreased from preoperative 1.89 ± 0.28 to postoperative 0.58 ± 0.70 (P < 0.001). No complications were reported except in one case with a postoperative corneal ulcer which healed after antibiotic treatment.

Conclusions:

The favorable outcome suggests Gore-Tex sutures as a safe and stable material for IOL scleral fixation. Prospective studies with a larger sample size would be necessary for more details on the safety and efficacy of the Gore-Tex suture in IOL scleral fixation.
Application of augmented reality in automotive industry
Authors: Gonzalez-Argote Denis , Vitón-Castillo Adrián Alejandro , Gonzalez-Argote Javier
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Augmented reality is defined as a direct or indirect vision of a physically real environment, parts of which they are enriched with additional digital information relevant to the object that is being looked at. In the field of engineering design, there is a wide range of industries that use this technology, such as automotive, aircraft manufacturing, electronics, engineering; so that it has gained popularity in assembly, maintenance and inspection tasks. The objective was to characterize the use of augmented reality in the automotive industry.Methods: a total of 20 articles in Spanish and English were reviewed, from Scopus, Science and Dialnet; Using as keywords: augmented reality, automotive industry, manufacturing, being more than 50 % of the last five years.Result: its main advantage is considered its potential as an interactive and intuitive interface. It promises to provide the correct information to the human operator at the right time and place. If it is considered an ideal environment in which the RA is applied safely, in adequate balance between automated processes and human control over them; The level of production and its quality will be positively affected.Conclusions: Augmented reality is applied in areas of the automotive industry such as logistics design, assembly, maintenance, evaluation, diagnosis, repair, inspection, quality control, instruction and marketing; in order to guarantee better work performance, productivity and efficiency, mainly mediated by portable devices. Its degree of acceptance, although growing, is not yet clear.
Lung Cancer Detection in CT Images Using Deep Learning Techniques: A Survey Review
Authors: Usharani C , Revathi B , Selvapandian A , Kezial Elizabeth S K
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: The Computed Tomography (CT) imaging-based Lung cancer detection is crucial for early diagnosis. This survey paper presents an overview of the techniques and advancements in CT-based lung cancer detection. It covers the fundamentals of CT imaging, including principles, types, and protocols.
OBJECTIVES: The paper explores image processing techniques for pre-processing, such as noise reduction, enhancement, and segmentation.
METHODS: Additionally, it discusses feature extraction methods, including shape, texture, and intensity-based features, as well as Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML) methods for automated classification.
RESULTS: Computerised systems and their integration is examined with CT imaging along with performance evaluation metrics. The survey concludes by addressing challenges, limitations, and future directions. The imaging modalities and artificial intelligence techniques are used to improve lung cancer detection.
CONCLUSION: This comprehensive survey aims to provide a concise understanding of CT-based lung cancer detection for researchers and healthcare professionals.
Nation-Wide Retrospective Analysis of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Study from Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party (KMM1913)
Authors: Shin Ho-Jin , Kim Do-Young , Kim Kihyun , Min Chang-Ki , Lee Je-Jung , Mun Yeung-Chul , Lee Won-Sik , Lim Sung-Nam , Kim Jin Seok , Moon Joon Ho , Kim Da Jung , Bang Soo-Mee , Won Jong-Ho , Jo Jae-Cheol , Koh Young Il
Published: March 2024

Purpose The role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment remains controversial. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, nationwide study in Korea to evaluate the outcomes of alloSCT in Asian patients with MM.Materials and Methods Overall, 109 patients with MM who underwent alloSCT between 2003 and 2020 were included in this study. Data were collected from the Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party Registry.Results The overall response rate and stringent complete response plus complete response (CR) rates were 67.0 and 46.8%, respectively, after alloSCT. At a median follow-up of 32.5 months, the 3-year probability of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 69.3% and 71.8%, respectively. The 3-year probabilities of OS rates in the upfront alloSCT, tandem auto-alloSCT, and later alloSCT groups were 75.0%, 88.9%, and 61.1%, respectively. Patients who achieved CR before or after alloSCT had significantly longer OS (89.8 vs. 18 months and 89.8 vs. 15.2 months, respectively). Even though patients who did not achieve CR prior to alloSCT, those who achieve CR after alloSCT had improved PFS and OS compared to those who had no achievement of CR both prior and after alloSCT. Patients who underwent alloSCT with 1-2 prior treatment lines had improved PFS (22.4 vs. 4.5 months) and OS (45.6 vs. 15.3 months) compared to those with three or more prior treatment lines.Conclusion AlloSCT may be a promising therapeutic option especially for younger, chemosensitive patients with earlier implementation from relapse.
Approximation by polynomials with only real critical points
Authors: Bishop David L.
Published: March 2024

We strengthen the Weierstrass approximation theorem by proving that any real-valued continuous function on an interval

I \subset \mathbb{R}

can be uniformly approximated by a real-valued polynomial whose only (possibly complex) critical points are contained in

I

. The proof uses a perturbed version of the Chebyshev polynomials and an application of the Brouwer fixed point theorem.
Mixed-norm of orthogonal projections and analytic interpolation on dimensions of measures
Authors: Liu Bochen
Published: March 2024

Suppose that

\mu

and

\nu

are compactly supported Radon measures on

\mathbb{R}^{d}

,

V\in G(d,n)

is an

n

-dimensional subspace, and let

\pi_{V}\colon \mathbb{R}^{d}\rightarrow V

denote the orthogonal projection. In this paper, we study the mixed-norm

\int \|\pi^{y}\mu\|_{L^p(G(d,n))}^{q} d\nu(y)

, where

\pi^{y}\mu(V):=\int_{y+V^\perp}\mu \, d\mathcal{H}^{d-n}=\pi_{V} \mu(\pi_{V}y),

assuming

\mu

has continuous density. When

n=d-1

and

p=q

, our result significantly improves a previous result of Orponen on radial projections. We also discuss about consequences including jump discontinuities in the range of

p

, and

m

-planes determined by a set of given Hausdorff dimension. In the proof, we run analytic interpolation not only on

p

and

q

, but also on dimensions of measures. This is partially inspired by previous work of Greenleaf and Iosevich on Falconer-type problems. We also introduce a new quantity called

s

-amplitude, that is crucial for our interpolation and gives an alternative definition of Hausdorff dimension.
Archiwa narodowe Ugandy i Rwandy
Authors: Gierszewska Wioleta
Published: March 2024

Archives in the countries of the African Great Lakes region (Uganda, Rwanda, parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Burundi) were created by the colonial administration. This involved the introduction by Europeans in the protectorates and colonies of the region, more effectively than the Arabs had attempted in pre-colonisation times, of a written form of communication, a departure from the previously widespread culture of oral transmission. As a result of their efforts, the first schools created on the European model were established in the colonies. The first books were also published in print. In addition, the colonial authorities began to collect a large number of documents produced by the administration. Due to the unfavourable climate, a large part of them were destroyed, and even more were lost irretrievably as a result of rebellions, especially during the period of individual states’ independence and post-colonial conflicts. Most of the remaining material was hurriedly tranferred to Europe by the outgoing colonial authorities, preventing it from being taken over by the administrations of the newly independent states. Because of this, a large number of Africans still explore and study the archives of Belgium or Britain. However, the surviving archives, which are currently preserved in the national archives of the these countries, represent a priceless wealth of information, particularly because they are rare records that cannot be found in Europe and greatly advance our understanding of the local communities. In 1962, Rwanda and Uganda became independent states. Though the origins of the organizations and their assets may be traced back to earlier periods, the histories of the state archives in both states begin at that point. This article’s goal is to provide a quick overview of the history, significant organizational changes, formal and legal foundations, and functioning, as well as the characteristics of resources.
Protection of privacy is a key issue in determining the extent to which archival materials are to be made accessible to the public. But what is informational privacy; i.e., what are the elements of information found in any type of document or database that must be withheld to avoid intruding on the privacy of an individual? This essay first examines post-World War II international statements that reference privacy. Then it turns to statements referring to privacy issued by the International Council on Archives (ICA), the worldwide professional organization that represents the archival profession to UNESCO. Third is a brief look at several 21st century academic considerations of privacy, one each by a lawyer, a philosopher, and an historian. Finally, it outlines some of the contextual elements that help archivists manage sensitive materials, even without a final definition of informational privacy.
SURVEI MINAT SISWA SMK PUSPA BANGSA KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI TERHADAP KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER FUTSAL
Authors: Asnando Asnando , Tejamukti Angger Gorka , Anggraeni Dwi Cahyati
Published: March 2024

This research was conducted to determine students' interest in participating in futsal extracurricular activities at SMK Puspa Bangsa Banyuwangi. This study used a descriptive research design with a survey method and data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The research subjects participating in the futsal extracurricular at SMK Puspa Bangsa Banyuwangi were 37 students. The results of this study showed that students' interest in participating in futsal extracurriculars was 78.63%. from these results indicate that the interest of SMK Puspa Bangsa Banyuwangi students in participating in extracurricular activities is categorized as good.Keywords : interest, futsal extracurricular
ANALISIS PROBLEMATIKA PEMBELAJARAN DARING PRODI PENJAS DIMASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Anggorowati Kurnia Dyah , Atmaja Nur Moh. Kusuma , Rudiansyah Eko
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out the problems of online learning during the pandemic, especially for Physical Education study program students. In addition, to find out the obstacles faced in online learning so that we can anticipate them early. The method used in this research is qualitative, namely the type of survey. Data collection techniques in this study used a questionnaire containing questions that must be answered by respondents.The results of this study are that after giving a questionnaire to 47 students with 9 questions, the following results were obtained: 1) In online learning, students do not understand about using lecture applications so there must be a clear tutorial in its use, 2) Online learning makes students not optimal in learning at home it is proven that 53% of students choose the answer is less, 3) Internet quota costs are relatively expensive and it is difficult to get a network when students carry out lectures from home, even though there is distance learning quota assistance (PJJ).Keywords: Problems, online learning, the pandemic  Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui problematika pembelajaran daring dimasa pandemi khususnya untuk mahasiswa prodi Penjas. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam pembelajaran daring sehingga kita dapat mengantisipasi lebih awal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif yaitu jenis survei. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan angket yang berisi tentang pertanyaan yang harus dijawab oleh responden.Hasil penelitian ini adalah setelah memberikan angket kepada 47 orang mahasiswa dengan 9 pertanyaan maka diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: 1) Dalam pembelajaran daring mahasiswa kurang memahami tentang menggunakan aplikasi perkuliahan sehingga harus ada tutorial secara jelas dalam penggunaannya, 2)Pembelajaran daring membuat mahasiswa tidak optimal belajar dirumah hal ini dibuktikan bahwa 53% mahasiswa memilih jawaban kurang, 3) Biaya kuota internet relative mahal dan susah mendapatkan jaringan bila mahasiswa melaksanakan kuliah dari rumah, meskipun sudah ada bantuan kuota pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ).Kata Kunci: Problematika, pembelajaran daring, masa pandemic
MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN KELAS MATA PELAJARAN PJOK PADA MASA TRANSISI MENUJU POST PANDEMIC COVID 19
Authors: Rahmatullah Muhammad Imam , Maharani Indah , Wijaya Apri , Mulyadi Hidiatma , Aldini Vivi
Published: March 2024

Penguasaan kelas merupakan hal yang paling substansi dalam mengajar. Kemampuan teknis dalam mengelola kelas tentunya didukung oleh kemampuan serta pengetahuan tentang metode, model pembelajaran, strategi pembelajaran serta kemampuan membaca karakter peserta didik. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti melihat pentingnya manajemen pengelolaan kelas yang efektif menuju masa post pandemic. Peneliti melakukan penelitian di salah satu sekolah di Kota Pekanbaru. Dikarenakan di kota ini sekolah sedang melakukan masa transisi setelah mengalami masa pandemi. Peneliti menggunakan instrument wawancara serta observasi untuk mengukur sistem pengelolaan kelas guru PJOK dalam mengelola kelas. Hasil dari penelitian ini peneliti berkesimpulan bahwasanya guru PJOK menguasai metode, strategi, dan model pembelajaran untuk mendukung kegiatan belajar mengajar. Adapun kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah, setiap pendidik terutama guru PJOK diwajibkan menguasai berbagai macam instrument pembelajaran agar proses pembelajaran dapar berjalan efektifKata Kunci: Manajemen, pengelolaan kelas, PJOK
A SURVEY ON ATTITUDES OF REHABILITATION PROFESSIONALS ON THE USE OF IMMERSIVE GAMIFICATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS IN THERAPY
Authors: Consing Anna Mae U. , Aguila Maria Eliza R.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to determine attitudes of rehabilitation professionals in using immersive gamification technology systems (ImGTS) in rehabilitation.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive survey utilized a selfadministered online questionnaire, the modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Questionnaire, to determine perceptions of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and social influence on using ImGTS for therapy. The study utilized purposive and snowball sampling in recruiting occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech pathologists, and physiatrists in the Philippines to answer the survey.

Results: Results from 47 participants indicate that rehabilitation professionals quite agree that using ImGTS can improve job performance and impact likely functional outcomes among their patients (performance expectancy) [mean 5.5 (SD 0.17)]. They slightly agree that using ImGTS is easy and manageable (effort expectancy) [5.0 (0.12)]. Moreover, they slightly agree with intending to use ImGTS in rehabilitation [4.9 (0.27)] and that they already use ImGTS in clinical practice [4.7 (1.69)]. Yet rehabilitation professionals neither agree nor disagree that significant others in their field of profession influence them when considering the use of ImGTS in therapy (social influence) [4.3 (0.16)] or that they have resources to use ImGTS with their patients and knowledge how to use it (facilitating conditions) [4.3 (0.25)].

Discussion: The study showed that rehabilitation professionals intend to use ImGTS and are currently using it as part of their therapy. They also have positive attitudes toward ImGTS with regard to performance expectancy and effort expectancy. These results support the potential for the adoption of ImGTS as part of clinical practice as efforts to strengthen the evidence for their effectiveness continue.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GUIDE FOR RESPONSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGAGEMENT AND PRACTICES APPROPRIATE IN PHYSICAL THERAPY (GREEN PATH)
Authors: Taylor Danielle C. , Malabed Alexa Junno C. , Calisaan Alessandra Lexine C. , Manding Mia Angel B. , Rivera Janine Melai F. , Gajes Crizza Nicole B. , Trinidad Charles Jay B. , Chua Francis Clarence C.
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Environmental physical therapy (EPT) is the incorporation of environmental health into the field of physical therapy that encompasses the relationships between the environment, human health and functioning, and physical therapy. A previous study had determined that Filipino physical therapists underutilize their environment in rehabilitation but display strong awareness, support, and grasp of EPT. Thus, this study aimed to formulate guidelines aimed towards the smooth transition of EPT into clinical PT practice in the Philippines.

Methods: The study employed a research and development design based on the quantitative results of a study conducted relating to the awareness, understanding, perception, and current EPT practice in the Philippines as well as the qualitative data collected within this study through small group discussions and interviews. The interview guide for the small group discussion was developed and content validated. The guidelines were then guided by established strategies, mainly the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the One Health approach of the World Health Organization (WHO), and the EPT Agenda, all aimed at achieving universal environmental sustainability.

Results: The results of the data collection reveal that Filipino physical therapists show promise in adopting EPT to promote healthcare sustainability. Hence, the GREEN PATH was categorized into three priorities for action being: utilize the environment in clinical practice, utilize other-than-humans, and practice sustainable development. Each of these priorities for action were then subcategorized into areas seeking to address attitude and awareness, resource and facilities, and policy and practice.

Discussion: The development of the GREEN PATH acts as a guide to the clinical practice of EPT within the Philippines and as a set of practice suggestions tailored to address the intersection of physical therapy, environmental health, and sustainable development.
Praxiología Motriz en ciclos de formación docente en Educación Física
Authors: Gallego Juan Ignacio
Published: March 2024

Introducción: Se presenta en primer lugar, la tesis que orientó la investigación, una descripción contextualizada de los problemas de especificidad disciplinar de la Educación Física escolar, y de las consecuencias que ello ha acarreado para el estado actual del campo pedagógico. Luego se ofrece una síntesis del marco científico que ofrece la Praxiología Motriz en pro de revertir lo acontecido. Objetivo: El objetivo del artículo se dirige a divulgar los resultados y las principales conclusiones y reflexiones derivadas del estudio sobre el “caso de Río Negro”, en carácter de evidencia empírica que ponga de manifiesto la postura curricular e institucional del Instituto de Formación Docente Continua en Educación Física (IFDCEF) ante los aportes epistemológicos de la Praxiología Motriz para la Educación Física Escolar. Metodología: El estudio revistió un enfoque metodológico de carácter cualicuantitativo, puesto que para su concreción se emplearon métodos complementarios tales como, cuestionarios online aplicados a una muestra de estudio constituida por docentes de la institución y por estudiantes avanzados de último curso; y un análisis documental efectuado sobre el marco curricular vigente y rigente del proceso formativo en este momento histórico dado. Así, el alcance de la investigación fue de tipo descriptivo. Resultados y discusiones: El análisis de los datos derivados de los cuestionarios, más el análisis documental realizado, arrojaron como principal novedad la presencia de un desfasaje entre lo prescrito a nivel marco y el desarrollo de las clases formativas durante la formación. Conclusiones: La preponderancia de la Praxiología Motriz a nivel institucional es alarmantemente baja.
The Development of Market Values for First Saudi Football League Clubs
Authors: Bensayah Samir , Layadi Issam
Published: March 2024

The market value of the Saudi Football First Division League experienced a significant surge in the 2023-2024 sports season. This study seeks to analyze and compare this increase with major international leagues while exploring the underlying reasons. In addition, the market value growth of the Saudi League is analyzed, particularly focusing on its major clubs, during the period between July 2023 and October 2023. The analysis will involve a comparison with prominent international football leagues, taking into consideration the spending volume during the last summer transfer window. It is concluded that the surge in the financial value of the Saudi League is primarily attributed to the implementation of a new sports policy involving the privatization of sports clubs acquired by the Saudi Investment Fund. Additionally, the increase in the market value is influenced by the notable players contracted by the four privatized clubs.
Estudio de la radiopacidad de los cementos de obturación endodontica realizado con un sistema digital
Authors: Vallejo Lara Silvia Veronica , Freitas-Aznar Adriana Rodrigues de , Aznar Fabio Duarte da Costa
Published: March 2024

En el presente estudio se evaluó la radiopacidad de cinco cementos de obturación endodónticos por medio de radiografías digitales con el uso de un sensor y software, permitiendo la adquisición de imágenes de forma instantánea y digitalizadas. Los cementos obturadores estudiados fueron: AH Plus, Top Seal, AD Seal, Sealapex y Endomethasone N. Se confeccionaron tres placas acrílicas de 1 milímetro de espesor, con seis agujeros redondos de 5 mm de diámetro, donde se colocaron los cementos obturadores, como grupo control se utilizó la gutapercha. Las placas de acrílico fueron radiografiadas con un sistema radiográfico digital con un tiempo de exposición de 0.8 segundos, a una distancia de 40 cm, las imágenes fueron capturadas y archivadas en formato digital, para el análisis se utilizó el software Image Tool for Windows v.3.00, en un área estandarizada de 3000 píxeles. Con los valores en píxeles se midió la radiopacidad, siendo la radiopacidad media de los cementos endodónticos analizados en orden decreciente la siguiente: AH Plus, Endomethasone N, Top Seal, AD Seal y Sealapex. Todos los cementos mostraron radiopacidad mayor que la dentina, y solo AH Plus tuvo valores superiores a la gutapercha.
Revisão de literatura sobre cerâmicas odontológicas
Authors: Lazzarotto Eliane
Published: March 2024

Diante aos vários tratamentos restauradores disponíveis na área odontológica, pode-se destacar o uso de cerâmicas como opção de tratamento para recuperar formato, anatomia, função e estética de elementos com essas necessidades. Perante a necessidade de cada paciente, o uso correto desses materiais restauradores apresenta alto índice de sucesso e longevidade clinica aceitável. O objetivo do presente estudo foi fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso, indicação e os tipos de cerâmicas.
Acidentes e complicações em endodontia
Authors: Mascarello Ana Paula
Published: March 2024

O tratamento endodôntico consiste em várias etapas interdependentes, desde a abertura coronária, que objetiva o acesso mais retilíneo possível aos instrumentos endodônticos entre a câmara pulpar e o ápice dos canais radiculares, finalizando com a obturação dos canais, com o objetivo de manter ou restabelecer a saúde pulpar e perirradicular. Durante cada estágio do tratamento endodôntico, existem contratempos que podem influenciar de forma negativa ao sucesso da terapia endodôntica, cabe ao profissional ter conhecimento e habilidade necessária para solucionar a situação, e acima de tudo, prevenir que esses episódios venham a ocorrer. Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever os acidentes e complicações mais comuns em cada etapa do tratamento endodôntico, assim como sua etiologia, prejuízos e manejo em casos de sua ocorrência.
AUTOMATIC SPECTRUM SENSING AND SIGNAL SELECTION
Authors: Buhaiov M. , Zakirov S. , Kliaznyka V. , Honcharov D.
Published: March 2024

Constant increasing of radio-electronic devices number leads to an increase of spectrum occupancy and complication of radio-electronic environment. In such conditions, it is necessary to use automatic algorithms for prompt detection and selection of radio signals in radio monitoring systems. The purpose of the article is to develop algorithms and recommendations for their practical implementation to automate the process of radio frequency spectrum occupancy analysis and signal selection in a wide dynamic range with high occupancy of analyzed frequency band in conditions of a priori uncertainty of noise level. To achieve the stated goal were developed generalized algorithm for radio frequency spectrum analysis, algorithm of frequency domain processing and algorithm for frequency channels analysis. Examples of spectrum bands analysis with high occupancy and recommendations for developed algorithms implementation were represented. Depending on variability of noise power in analyzed frequency band an adaptive change of estimation time interval is provided, which will reduce the computational complexity. In conditions of no uniform noise level or a wide dynamic range of signals, it is proposed to use special test statistics to determine fullness of analyzed frequency channels. In the course of experimental studies, the analysis of recordings in frequency bands of 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz was carried out. It was established that the developed algorithms provide a correct estimation of radio frequency spectrum occupancy and selection of signals with a dynamic range of at least 35 dB and occupancy of up to 92%. Developed algorithms do not require calibration of the equipment in case of fluctuations in characteristics of separate system elements and changes in radio-electronic environment and can be implemented in existing and perspective automatic radio monitoring systems.
Keywords: radio frequency spectrum; spectrum occupancy; signal selection; test statistics; frequency channel.