bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3rd World Development Model in Indonesia: How to deal with the issues of decreasing public finance and overcoming the demands for public participation in Industrial Revolution 4.0 era?
Authors: Janah M , Rahayu A Y S
Published: October 2019

This work consists of discussions as well as practical examples about potentials and challenges for regional managers in Indonesia en-routing to the 3rd World Development Model. The model emerged as a critique to the old schemes of government collaborations and partnerships in which the participation of the end-users is not proportionally given. This work aims to understand the relationships among actors, the divisions of their roles, the pattern of participation as well as the advantages of “end-users” participation in the development project. This concept is a Constructive Model of Collaborative, a meeting point between Participatory and Collaborative Governance concept. This study is conducted through post-positivistic approach and qualitative methods by using cases and theoretical studies. Furthermore, through this article, the authors focused on the two major issues in the development nowadays. Firstly, the issue of decreasing public finance, particularly in the case of financial deficit in national health insurance program known as JKN-KIS. Secondly, the issue of public participation in regional and urban development planning through case of Bandar Kayangan City Development Project in North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Hence, this work drives a finding which offers solutions for the challenges on how to run the development project without depending on State or Local Budget at the same time to leverage the public supports and participation in government’s development agenda. Finally, it is concluded that there are needs to understand the tendencies of conflicting visions and goals, power or influence asymmetric and resources imbalance among the involved actors in the new model of collaborative governance.
Bauhäusle as a Cohousing Project
Authors: Nasution M , Napitupulu B K
Published: October 2019

In recent years, housing prices in many countries constantly increased followed by limited availability of land. How to meet the demand for development with increasing number of population and city growth, particularly rapid development in cities, become one of main issues of housing supply. The effects lead to several problems, one of which is adequate housing with a strong social interaction. To fulfil the demand and improve social well-being in the neighbourhood can be achieved by applying cohousing concept in the neighbourhood. This study aims to analyse whether cohousing can be such a coherent solution in tackling issue of housing problems, furthermore, it is also a way to promote social inclusion. Bauhäusle is located on campus in Vaihingen, Stuttgart. It is designed with ecological construction concept which uses readily available raw materials generally donated by DIY firms, companies and also discarded materials. In disguise, the concept of Bauhäusle also initiated other similar projects for example: Construction of the student dormitory ESA in Kaiserslautern or the mound houses in Stuttgart-Hohenheim. This concept applied according to social relationship which can fulfil the aims of sustainability through an inclusive community. Method used in this research are literature reviews, on-site visitation, interview, and descriptive analysis. The results of this research is to give advantageous and disadvantageous Bauhäusle cohousing by providing stakeholder analysis, action plan, SWOT analysis, and potential period of implementation to upscale the project.
Clean Water Network Planning in Ba’engas Village, Labang Sub-District, Bangkalan Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Lufira R D , Ismoyo M J , Chandrasasi D , Firmandika A
Published: October 2019

Access to clean water supply systems have not been fully available to all people, especially those living in rural areas. Ba’engas Village, located in Labang Sub-District, Bangkalan Regency, has not possessed clean water facilities to fulfil its people’s needs. The elevation difference and the distance of about 9 km between water resources causing difficulties in water provision. This research discusses clean water network planning in Ba’engas Village by utilizing the Pocong River, at a rate of 3,236 l/sec. The objective of this research is to investigate the provision of water availability for consumption up to the year 2035, simulate clean water networks and find out its results, and calculate planned budget. The modelling and simulation of clean water networks are developed utilizing WaterCAD V.8.i software. This research employs three alternatives, with different numbers of pumps and tanks each. The result of clean water projection is a rate of 4,936 l/sec. Based on the simulation results, alternative 1 was chosen, using 1 pump and 1 tank, according to the permitted planning criteria of speed between 0.1-2.5 m/sec, head loss gradient from 0 to 15 m/km, and pressure from 0.5 to 8 atm. The cost for clean water network planning with alternative 1 is estimated IDR 8,021,618,000.
The utilization of activated carbon as micronutrients carrier in slow release fertilizer formulation
Authors: Prastiwi D. A. , Sumawinata B , Iskandar  , Pari G
Published: October 2019

In many plantations, fertilizers were often added in high dosage and applied several times to get maximum productivity. But processes in soil caused not all nutrients in fertilizer could be uptaken by plants. Besides, the high dosage can be toxic to plants. The use of slow release fertilizer can overcome this case. This research was aimed to obtain the data of adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal to the nutrients mixed and gathering the information about nutrients release rate of fertilizer produced. The study was conducted by converting materials into activated charcoal. SRF was formulated by soaking fine activated charcoal CuSO4, FeSO4 or ZnSO4 solution for 24 hours. Analysis conducted were the observation of surface topography, qualitative analysis using EDX, and determination of total Cu, Fe and Zn in SRF. The optimal treatment was chosen to determine its release rate by extracting fertilizer with distilled water and 2% citric acid. The results showed the activated charcoal could be used to adsorb nutrients mixed as shown by SEM and EDX results. Nutrients in the charcoal could be released slowly and could not be easily leached out.
The effect of Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Rosc. plant rhizome extracts on proliferation and viability of myeloid and fibroblas cancer cells
Authors: Saefudin
Published: October 2019

This research aimed to look into the effect of extracts from Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Rosc. plant rhizomes on the proliferation of K-562’s myeloid cancer and WeHi-164’s fibroblast tumor cells. Two types of extracts, comprising water-media and ethanol-media extracts were prepared; and then both tested at varying concentrations (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 (μg/ml). Proliferation activities were performed on all extract concentrations, either water or ethanol media. Observation focused on morphology-anatomy characteristics of cancer cells. Both extract types (water and ethanol media) inflicted anti-proliferation actions on cancer cells. The lowering/decreasing intensity of the cell proliferation as affected by plant extracts was significant at high extract concentration (100.9 (μg/ml), with water as well as ethanol media; but less effective at low concentrations (0.1-10.0 (μg/ml). Anti-proliferation activities by plant extracts at low concentration altered morphology, shapes, and sizes of K-562’s and WeHi-164’s cells, but their cell wall remained intact (unchanged). The use of plant extracts with ethanol media at high concentration altered the shapes/morphology, sizes of K-562’s myeloid cells, fibroblast cells enlarging, cell wall fractured, and the cells fragmented. Plant extracts with ethanol media afforded stronger anti-proliferation activities than those with water media.
Moisture-content based on drying schedule of seven Indonesian woods species
Authors: Basri E , Pari R
Published: October 2019

A moisture-content based on drying schedule provides general guidance in determining the changes in temperature and humidity which is based on the average moisture content level of the wood being dried. The research aims to obtain a basic drying schedule for seven wood species based on their drying characteristics. The research is initiated by drying all these species at a temperature of 100 °C. The criterion used is the worst defect occurred in each wood such as end and surface, honeycomb defects, and deformation on the width of the wood. The result shows that each wood species has a different response to high temperature drying. The best drying properties is observed in Red Meranti wood (Parashorea smythiesii) and Jaha wood (Terminalia arborea). In contrary, Kiacret (Spathodea campanulata) and Kipasang (Prunus javanica) have the worst drying properties. Based on their drying properties, all of the species can be grouped into 4 drying schedules.
Characteristics of Particleboards Made from Agricultural Wastes
Authors: Astari L. , Sudarmanto  , Akbar F.
Published: October 2019

The growth of particleboard production is parallel with the growth of world population. Yet, supply on wood chips as raw material for particleboard facing the shortage. Indonesia as a tropical country has various source of renewable resources, including agricultural residuals and non-wood forest product. This research was conducted to investigate the properties of particleboard made from core and rattan bark, from corn stalk and wood waste. Particles with moisture content less than 5% were mixed with adhesive. Phenol formaldehyde (PF) 10% was used as the adhesive. Mixed particles were then hot pressed for 10 minutes at 150°C with 25 Kgf/cm2. Targeted density of the board was 0.7 g/cm3. Prior to testing, boards were conditioned for seven days at room temperature. Testing was conducted for physical and mechanical properties as well as the surface roughness. Standard for physical and mechanical properties reffered to the JIS A 5908-2003. Results show that the particleboard from corn stalk had the lowest thickness swelling which was 16.7%. The highest modulus of rupture was given by particleboard from wood waste which was 21.69 MPa.
Nanopores of the productive and non-productive sections within the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale Reservoir in the Southern Area of Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Cai Suyang , Xiao Qilin , Chen Qi , Jiang Xinchao
Published: October 2019

This study focuses on nanopores of the productive and non-productive sections within the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale reservoir in the southern area of Sichuan Basin. 4 rock samples from the productive section and 12 rock samples from the non-productive section were collected from a new exploration well in Changning Area. TOC, XRD and gas adsorption measurements were conducted on these samples. The productive section contains more organic matters, biogenic quartz, but less carbonates and feldspar and is much more porous relative to the non-productive section. Organic matters and clays have important impacts on the development of nanoporosity within the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale reservoir in study area. Nanoporosity of the productive section is affected mainly by the organic matter contents, and hence implying the predominance of organic-matter pores within this section. Clay minerals have the primary controlling effects on the occurrence of nanopores within the non-productive section, and then indicating the predominance of mineral matrix pores in it. This study should be helpful for us to make a better understanding of in-situ shale gas resources and to optimize targets in this region.
Biomarker characteristics of the adsorbed/occluded components of asphaltenes recovered from thermal degradation of kerogen
Authors: Liu Y , Cheng B , Liao Z , Faboya O L
Published: October 2019

The adsorbed/occluded components of asphaltene originate from the parent kerogen. Information on the characteristics of these components is critical to the field of oil and gas geochemistry especially in the oil and source rock correlation studies. In this work, kerogen isolated from a low-matured mudstone from Lucaogou Formation, Santanghu Basin was pyrolyzed at elevated temperature for 72 hours in a semi-open system, followed by extraction with dichloromethane and precipitation of the extract to achieve the asphaltene isolation. The asphaltene was extracted by organic solvents to recover the adsorbed components while its solid residue was oxidized to release the occluded compounds. The ratios of £C227XC23+ n-alkanes and tri/pentaterpane in the adsorbed/occluded components of the asphaltene and kerogen are similar. The distribution of C27, C28 and C29 regular steranes displayed a progressively increasing pattern from C27 to C29 in adsorbed/occluded fractions of both the asphaltene and its kerogen precursor. This observation is also found in the terpanes distribution of the occluded components in the asphlatene and kerogen. These results showed that the biomarkers distribution in the adsorbed/occluded components of the asphaltene to some extent exhibited some level of similarity with its parent kerogen. This also showed that the occluded components in the asphaltene macromolecule are relatively intact and stable to the thermal evolutionary conversion from its kerogen precursor.
Characterization of Oil Shale in the Indragiri Hulu Regency, Indonesia, Based on Organic Geochemistry and Petrography
Authors: Heri Hermiyanto Zajuli M , Subroto Eddy A , Susanto Very
Published: October 2019

Oil shale now becomes important in Indonesia as promising unconventional energy since the conventional oil is decreasing. This study may be classified as a reconnaissance in trying to evaluate oil shale in the Indragiri Hulu Regency, Indonesia that may become source rock of the future unconventional oil. A set of samples comprising thirty-four sediment outcrops have been collected. All samples were screened their richness by analysing their total organic carbon (TOC) and introduced to Rock-Eval pyrolysis apparatus to identify their maturity, type, and also richness. Out of the thirty-four samples, fourteen selected ones were analysed using gas chromatography (GC), sixteen samples for analysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and twenty samples for organic petrography. The sediments could be classified as very good to excellent for their organic richness, in the stage of immature to relatively mature, comprising a mixture between Type I and II kerogens which show oil prone. Petrographic analysis indicates that lamosite contained in the sediments belongs to Rundle type. The Rundle type lamosite that were mainly originated from Pediastrum organisms might indicate that the sediments were deposited in a lacustrine paleoenvironment, i.e. in a specific type of balanced fill basin. It is proven that the studied formation is promising to be source rock for the shale oil that could be exploration target in the near future time.
A Discussion on the transgression model of Upper Paleozoic in Huanghua Depression
Authors: Li Chuanming , Zhao Changyi , Liu Haitao , Yu Yun , Fu Lixin , Li Hongjun
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the sedimentary, geochemical and coal petrographic characteristics of the Upper Paleozoic Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations in Huanghua Depression are systematically analyzed. It is found that the formation process of Taiyuan Formation coal seam is greatly influenced by sea water. The overlapping relationship between limestone and its floor rock is a typical progressive transgressive sedimentary type. Geochemical data show that the limestone roof and floor strata are also formed in high salinity sedimentary environment, similar to the limestone development environment, which also shows that the transgression process in the study area is gradual, not sudden transgression.
Geochemical characteristics and origin of natural gas in the Paleogene of northern Bohai Bay Basin, northeast China
Authors: Li Yongxin , Liu Haitao , Liu Shaobo , Zhao Changyi , Hu Guoyi
Published: October 2019

As one of the most important proliferous basins in the northeast of China, the proven ration for natural gases in the Bohai Bay Basin is low. In order to figure out the genetic types and origins of natural gases in the Paleogene, a study on their geochemical characteristics (such as C1+, C1/C1+, C1/C2+3, δ13C1, δ13C2) and kinetic behaviour of the lacustrine source rock have been carried out. The relationship between carbon isotopes and components of gases shows that oil-associated gas and coal-derived gas with low mature are the most important types in our research area. The gases were mainly generated from the lacustrine source rocks with type II2-III kerogen. The pyrolysis experiment on the kerogen indicates that the Paleogene source rock entered the main gas window at the late Miocene.
Experimental study on methane adsorption behaviour of different rank coals under variable temperature and pressure
Authors: Li Zhentao , Wang Yunpeng , Liu Dameng , Cai Yidong
Published: October 2019

To comprehensively study the methane adsorption behaviour of coals under variable temperature and pressure, a series of methane adsorption measurements were conducted at different temperatures and pressures for different rank coals from Ordos Basin and Qinshui Basin. The results show that the methane adsorption capacity and temperature exhibit a negative linear correlation under the same pressure series. The combined effects of the temperature and pressure reveal that the high-rank coal has the maximum methane adsorption capacity and the low-rank coal owns the least. During the low pressure region, the increase of adsorption capacity of high-rank coal is the largest, whereas the low-rank coal has the least change with the temperature and pressure increasing. However, in the high pressure region, the decrease of adsorption capacity of high-rank coal is the least, and the low-rank coal owns the largest of that.
Fine evaluation of source rocks in Wuerxun-Beier sags
Authors: Liu Ting
Published: October 2019

Wuerxun-Beier sags are two important oil-enriched sags in Hailar Basin, and Nantun Formation is the main layer of source rock. In this study, the Nantun Formation is subdivided into 8 sub-layers. Based on a large number of core observations and thousands of core samples, the quality of source rocks is finely evaluated by combining organic geochemical analysis and logging evaluation method (ΔLogR method), and the lower part of the Nantun Formation is identified as the high-quality source rock distribution layer. The evaluation criteria of high-quality source rocks are established. Based on the fine evaluation of source rocks, the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion potential of source rocks in Wuerxun-Beier sags are recalculated, and provides a reliable basis for resource prediction. The fine evaluation system of source rocks established in this study has guiding and referential significance for fine evaluation of source rocks in other sags of Hailar Basin.
Distribution law of helium in Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-uplift in Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Qin Shengfei , Yuan Miao , Zhou Zheng , Yang Jindong
Published: October 2019

The Weiyuan and Anyue large gas fields discovered on the Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-uplift in Sichuan Basin have the oldest marine gas reservoir discovered in China so far, and Weiyuan is also the first gas field to utilize helium resources in China. The Helium in natural gas of Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-uplift belongs to crust-derived helium formed by radioactivity, and its content distribution shows obvious regularity. The content of helium is highly correlated with the age of reservoir in the same gas field, and the helium content is gradually increased from the top to the bottom. However, the content of helium in natural gas presents significantly different in various tectonic units. The content of helium in Anyue gas field developed on Gaoshiti-Moxi structure is very low. The average contents of Sinian and Cambrian are 0.0356% and 0.0078%, respectively. The content of helium in Weiyuan gas field developed on Weiyuan structure is relatively higher, and the average contents of Sinian and Cambrian are 0.28% and 0.18% respectively. The high helium content of natural gas in Weiyuan gas field is related to the large-scale granite body developed on the basement on the one hand and the water-soluble gas accumulation on the other hand. The main gas reservoirs in the Weiyuan gas field and adjacent areas are located in the Sinian system. From the slope area to the high point of the Weiyuan structure, the helium content has increased significantly. With the tectonic movement of the Himalayan period, the Weiyuan area is greatly uplifted, causing structural traps. Natural gas dissolved in the water, including helium gas, is decomposed by decompression, and the released gas is trapped, then released gases accumulated in traps and thus formed Weiyuan gas field with high content of helium.
Two typical accumulation mechanismsof marine natural gas reservoirs in China: Case comparison between Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin
Authors: Su J , Fang Y , He K , Ma S H , Huang L , Wei C Y
Published: October 2019

Marine basin contains abundant natural gas resources in China, especiallythe Palaeozoic is becoming a hotspot of natural gas exploration, wherea series of large gas fields have been constantly discovered. It isbroad consensusthathigh-post mature source rocks (SRs)is gas-prone and thermal sulphatereduction (TSR) could accelerate the hydrocarbon cracking, which would be the dominant origin of gas enriched in the Palaeozoic of petroliferous Basin in China. In addition, these cracking gas is rich in H2S and CO2, due to the marine source rocksare rich inargillaceous sedimentary and sulfates. Nevertheless, the accumulations of gas reservoirs were obviously different between two giant marine craton in China. Sichuan basin is abundance of marine cracking gas, which was mainly generated around 257-205Ma. But it is rarely found marine oil reservoirs in Sichuan basin. In contrast, abundance of marine condensates are rich in Tarim Basin. Gas washing and migration fractionation effect would be the major formation mechanism of secondary condensates, which coexist with dry gas and normal oil reservoirs. These various reservoirs orderly distribute around source rocks in the Manjia’er sag of Tarim Basin. The origin of marine gases was mainly mixed from the hydrocarbon cracking derived via TSR and the different stages of thermal evolution of marine SRs, as well as portion of humic gas. Therefore, the carbon isotopic composition of diverse gas reservoirs is quite complex and the phenomenon of isotopic reversal δ13C1>δ13C2is pervasive. Eventually, two typical accumulation mechanismsof marine natural gas reservoirshave been established. It could be inferred the exploration of cracking gas is given priority in SichuanBasin and marine secondary condensatesshould be paid more attention during the petroleum exploration in Tarim Basin.
Experimental analysis on heating of oil inclusion in Gucheng area of East Tarim
Authors: Sun Yonghong , Zhang Xiaochang
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the formation and preservation conditions of crude oil cracking gas reservoirs are analyzed by heating experiments of oil inclusions. The study of tectonic development history shows that Gucheng low uplift mainly undergoes three evolutionary stages: early extension, middle uplift and late subsidence. Up to the end of Devonian and early Hercynian, the southeastern Altun compression resulted in warping plate uplift and denudation in Gucheng area, with denudation thickness of about 1000-2800m.The experimental results show that no inclusion rupture occurs during the whole process of heating to 600?.It was observed that the phase state of inclusions changed obviously during heating process, and the fluorescence of inclusions weakened obviously after natural cooling, reflecting the cracking process of crude oil. The results of high resolution laser-raman spectrum measurements of oil inclusions after heating experiments show that methane is the main component of gas inclusions, while carbon dioxide is small. According to the microscopic comparison of oil inclusions before and after heating, it is inferred that the sample has not undergone this high temperature process. Theoretically, it is assumed that oil and gas inclusions will rupture when heated to a certain temperature. It is possible that this experiment did not reach the limit temperature of inclusion rupture.
Trace Elemental Geochemistry and Depositional Environment of Shale Oil Reservoir Rocks within the Permian Lucaogou Formation, Jimusaer Sag
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhou Lu , Mi Julei , Ma Cong , Yang Hongxia , Lei Haiyan , Chen Jun , Ren Jiangling
Published: October 2019

By analyzing the geochemical indicators of trace elements and rare earth elements in shale oil cores, this paper clarifies the depositional environment of the Lucaogou Formation, and it provides some guidance for the exploration and deployment of shale oil in the Jimsar Sag. The average value of Th/U in the Lucaogou Formation is 1.89, which of V/(V+Ni) is 0.74, which of V/Cr is 3.05, which of V/Sc is 8.31, and w(Ni) are less than 40×10−6, indicating the terrestrial reduced environment. The Sr/Ba ratio changes frequently, ranging from 0.55 to 25.62, averaging 4.42, reflecting a higher paleo-salinity.87Sr/86Sr ratio ranges from 0.705286 to 0.705784, averaging 0.705486, and it is substantially lower than the average value of the strontium isotope of the crustaceous silicon-aluminum rock. Besides, 143Nd/144Nd ratio ranges from 0.512419 to 0.512722, and sediments have the characteristics of the origin of the mantle, reflecting the intracontinental rift formation environment. The analysis of rare earth elements indicates that the sediments has the characteristics of LREE relative enrichment, Ce weak positive anomaly and Eu negative anomaly, and furtherly excluded the possibility of marine sedimentary environment. Comprehensive analysis shows the sedimentary period of the Lucaogou Formation is a reduced and salty intracontinental rift lacustrine environment.
Macro-micro features of microbial carbonates affected by volcanism in lower Cretaceous Shipu Group in Zhejiang Province, East China
Authors: Wang X F , Tan X C , Zhang S N , Shen A J , Li C , Wang X , Hu G , h e n Z L C , Pan L Y , Zhang J , Chen Wei
Published: October 2019

Based on macro-scopic observations of outcrop, microscopic examination of thin sections, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM) imaging analysis and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) analysis, nine units of microbial carbonates has been recognized in Lower Cretaceous Shipu Group and their thicknesses increase gradually upwards as the volcanism strength decreasing. Unit 7 is the thickest association of microbial carbonates-volcanics. These microbial carbonates consist of stromatolites, spherulites and laminated micorbialites with common recrystallization and local dolomization and analcitization. Thanks to intensive silicification, microorganisms have been preserved in crystal lattice so well that the original microstructure even the chamber of microorganism can be observed clearly through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM) imaging analysis. Macro structure of microbialites are massive, domal or laminated and micro structure of them are fanshaped, wavy, crenulate or spherical.
Quantitative study on the proportion of oil sources of Wuerxun-Beier Depression, Hailaer Basin, China
Authors: Wang Xue , Liu Ting , Dong Zhongliang , Zhang Li
Published: October 2019

There are many petroleum-rich areas which are characterized by hydrocarbon charging from multiple source rocks and subsags. It is significant to analyze the contribution ratio of subsags for the oil resource potential of depression and the scope of petroleum migration. In this study, the absolute quantitative technique of biomarker compounds is applied to oil source correlation for Huoduomoer Oilfield, Sudeerte Oilfield, Huhenuoren Oilfield and Surennuoer Oilfield in Wuerxun-Beier Depression. Firstly, we determined crude oil from which subsags. The second is what biomarker compounds are suitable for calculating the mixed proportion. Through the analysis of the research, we selected on behalf of the compounds of the maturity of the Tm and Ts, on behalf of the compounds of organic matter sources of terpane and sterane, and on behalf of the compounds of sedimentary environment of β-carotene and gammacerane to establish theoretical plot. After the calculation, it is precise to know the contribution ratio of subsags for crude oil of the four oilfields. The research method of this paper not only clarifies the proportion of oil Sources of petroleum-rich areas with hydrocarbon charging from multiple source rocks and subsags, but also provides the basis for exploration and deployment.
Characteristics of the Lower Cambrian Yuertus Formation source rocks in the Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Wu Jinyun , He Xunyun , Ni Xinfeng , Huang Lili , Xiong Ran
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the distribution of source rocks of the lower Cambrian Yuertus Formation in the Tarim Basin is analyzed, a series of organic geochemical characteristics are tested, the characteristics of the source rocks are analyzed, and the thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history of the source rocks are simulated. The results show that the distribution of the source rocks is obviously controlled by sedimentary facies; the source rocks are sapropelic organic matter with high abundance and have reached the stage of mature-overmature thermal evolution; those in the eastern depression area have reached the peak of oil generation in the middle Caledonian period, the peak of gas generation in the middle Hercynian period and the end of hydrocarbon generation in the late Hercynian period. In the western uplift area, the source rocks entered the peak of oil generation during late Hercynian period, then entered the stage of gas generation in the early Indosinian period, and then stopped hydrocarbon generation due to uplift and denudation.
Finite Element Numerical Simulation Research on Fractured Horizontal Well in Stress-dependent Tight Reservoirs Based on Heat Transfer Theory
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Li Juhua
Published: October 2019

We present an efficient numerical method to handle stress-dependent behavior for fractured wells in tight reservoirs using the large-scale general finite element software ANSYS as the platform. A new similarity criterion is deduced to describe the seepage flow based on the similarity principle. The similarity criterion is a key parameter to transfer unstable heat problems to well performances. Then a comparison between the numerical and history-matched results is made to validate the accuracy of the results, by which effective stress-dependent coefficient calculated by numerical simulation is in agreement with that from experiment. The result shows that it is feasible to apply the ANSYS function of temperature field analysis in the computation of the unstable seepage flow considering permeability change in stress-dependent tight reservoirs. Finally using a certain field data and history-matched reservoir model, the influence of the fractures on horizontal well is investigated, including fracture spacing, fracture length and parameters of fracture with included angle on the basis of the new method. The results from the model considering the stress-dependent factor are significantly different from that without considering the factor. This work provides reservoir engineers with a simple and feasible method for optimizing the fracture parameters of tight oil development.
A Study on Conductive Polymer in PCB Manufacturing
Authors: Liu Binyun , Xiao Liang , Zhang Yaqi , Wang Meng , He Xuefeng , Xia Wang , Zhou Zihong , Qiu Liqin
Published: October 2019

Making Hole Conductive is one of the key technologies in Printed Circuit Board manufacture. For a long time, electroless copper was the unique technology of hole metallization process. However, it’s long process, high water consumption and the resulting huge amount of waste water. A large number of toxic and harmful chemicals are also discharged into the environment, causing great harm to the health of workers and the environment. In this paper, the environmentally materialization technology-selective organic conductive coating (SOC) technology was studied. The resource consumption, product quality, and environmental and economic benefits of the traditional PTH and new SOC technology applied in the making hole conductive were compared and analyzed in detail through the investigation of long-term operation examples. The necessity, advantages and practicality of SOC technology were revealed.
Experimental and Numerical Analyses of the In-plane Permeability of 2.5D-woven Carbon Fabric Preforms with Compressive Deformation
Authors: Liu Haoxin , He Pengfei , Li Wenxiao , Jin Shiqi
Published: October 2019

The radial flow method is applied to obtain the in-plane permeability of a kind of 2.5D-woven carbon fabrics with various compression ratios. Geometrical parameters of weft, filling warp and binder warp yarns are measured by using computed tomography (CT) technology while the cross-sectional shape of fiber bundles and the orientation of yarns under certain compact effects are fully considered. Regarding the fiber bundle region as porous media, an unit cell model of the 2.5D-woven carbon fabrics is set up, and resin flow process is simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics ( CFD ) method. The simulation results of the in-plane permeability are proved to be well consistent with the experimental data. Finally, using this method, the in-plane permeability of 2.5D-woven carbon fabrics with different fiber volume fractions (Vf
) are predicted, and the changing tendency under different compressive deformation are analysed.
Applying Fractal Dimension to the Effects of Root System on Slope Soil Displacement
Authors: Ji Xiaolei
Published: October 2019

Based on the box-counting dimension method of fractal theory, a set of computing image fractal dimension software Fractal 1.0 was developed which can be used to determine the root fractal dimension of plants. By combining the theory of fractal with the finite element theory, the effects of root system fractal dimension on the amount of displacement taking place on the surface of slope were studied. By analyzing the relationship between them from different aspects, the results indicate that fractal dimension can be regarded as the parameter of root system, the effects of different root systems on the stability of soil in slope surface were quantitatively characterized through integrating fractal dimension with finite element method.
InGaN/GaN/AlGaN RTD with Inherent Extreme Low Leakage Current & High Current Rising Rate
Authors: Zhang Haipeng , He Xing , Lin Mi , Zhang Zhonghai , Chen Fu , Zhou Zifa , Lü Weifeng , Wang Ying
Published: October 2019

In order to explore better diode candidates for gate controlled FET applications at about +0.1 V DC power supply with extreme low subthreshold swing, current-voltage characteristics of several InGaN/GaN/AlGaN Resonant Tunneling Diodes (RTDs) were investigated by device simulation with Non-Equilibrium Green’s Function (NEGF) method on Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) platform. Their electric switching characteristic parameters were extracted from the simulation results and contrasted with the corresponding results reported recently. The comparison results indicate that sample 1—with thicknesses of its In0.21Ga0.79N/GaN/In0.14Ga0.86N/Al0.1GaN layers are respectively 4-3-4 times of each crystal constant itself—is the best potential candidate of them with inherent forward (backward) threshold voltage at 50 mV (-20.3 mV), off current at 2.4×10−52 μA/μm, on-off current ratio at 3e8 and extreme high inherent forward (backward) current rising rate with its reciprocal at 5.90 mV/dec(-2.39 mV/dec). Sample 5 —with thicknesses of its In0.21Ga0.79N/GaN/In0.14Ga0.86N/Al0.1GaN layers are respectively 5-4-5 times of each crystal constant itself — and sample 6 — with thicknesses of its In0.21Ga0.79N/GaN/In0.14Ga0.86N/Al0.1GaN layers are respectively 5-6-5 times of each crystal constant itself — are better optional candidates with relatively lowered on-off current ratio at 6×104 (1.4×107) and higher inherent forward (backward) current rising rate with their reciprocals at 10.46 mV/dec(-4.18 mV/dec) and 7.00 mV/dec (-2.80 mV/dec).
Simulation and Analysis of Conductive Electromagnetic Interference in Near-Field Magnetic Coupling
Authors: Lee Chin-Hsiung , Hu Qinjun
Published: October 2019

Inductors, common-mode inductors, transformers and other magnetic components are important components of power converters. Their layout and wiring may affect the ability to suppress EMI noise. As a result of miniaturization and higher power density, the composition of power converter becomes more and more compact, which leads to the near-field coupling effect between components. In our study, the mechanism of near-field magnetic coupling between magnetic elements is analyzed, and the accuracy of the parameters of near-field magnetic coupling is further verified by experiments.
Postural Stabilization of Quadrotor using Extended Kalman Filter and Integral Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Lee Hyukwoo , Lee Kyunghyun , You Kwanho
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we consider the stabilization and the estimate of quadrotor’s posture. Nowadays, as the interest in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has increased, various application fields using UAV have appeared. The quadrotor is the most common type of UAV and many approaches to control the system have been studied. In real control environment, the system of quadrotor is affected by disturbance and measurement noise. Minimizing the effects of disturbance or measurement noise is important part. We propose the extended kalman filter (EKF) to reduce effectively the measurement noise of the nonlinear drones system and the integral sliding mode control (ISMC), a robust controller for the model uncertainty and disturbance. We show the proposed control performance through some simulations.
An ontology-driven approach for modelling TMS fuel consumption information subsystem
Authors: Kurganov V , Gryaznov M , Dorofeev A
Published: October 2019

The use of information technologies for the automotive transport and logistics management has opened game-changing opportunities for business, providing solutions to critical problems of sustainable development in turbulent environments. Today, the data for transport operations can be processed and used for the managerial decision-making, actually, on-line. However, despite abundance of TMSs on the market, many transport companies use them for solving operating management problems only. There are also lots of companies which do not use TMSs at all. Practice shows that managers of numerous transport companies have a little idea of how the records management data can be transformed into the awareness of improving efficiency of the transportation process. In our opinion it may be explained by the fact that different management levels use the knowledge from various domains, such as transport, IT, economic, and financial areas. Accordingly, the transformation of contemporaneous data into the managerial decisions requires an approach which is discussed in this paper using an example of introduction of TMS fuel consumption information subsystem.
The Resolution of Gender Anaphora Reference with the Help of Kernel Trick Mechanisms
Authors: Pak A A , Amirzhan S , Ziyaden A A
Published: October 2019

An article represents the results of the experiments constructing of conventional anaphora resolution system for gender-balanced corpora GAP. The main idea behind the conducted set of experiments is taking advantage over the kernel trick mechanism of deep word vectorization for various semantic and syntax features. We will show that it has a positive impact on system performance versus the traditional approach.
Analysis of emerging disturbing factors on the descent vehicle with inflatable mechanical devices during the descent stage
Authors: Koryanov Vsevolod V. , Huanyu Sun
Published: October 2019

The movement of asymmetric descent vehicles, in contrast to the movement of symmetrical landing vehicles, has a number of features. The main of them consist in the emergence of such dynamic phenomena as progressive self-rotation, vibrational-rotational resonances, nutation-precession instability, auto-oscillations, and others. In this paper, the entire landing trajectory is divided into main stages of movement, and then an analysis of some of the most unfavourable variants of movement at each stage is given. The conclusion is about the worst options. This must be taken into account when designing such descent vehicles with inflatable structures.
Case Study on Aerodynamics Stability of Bixel Wing-In-Ground Effect Craft
Authors: Pua’at Afifi.A , Matdaud Zulkifli , Zhahir Amzari , Ahmad Mohamed Tarmizi , Hassan Aziz
Published: October 2019

Wing-in-ground effect (WIG) crafts fly efficiently by exploiting the ground effect i.e. generating a notable rise in the lift-over-drag ratio when a three-dimensional wing approaches a large flat plane either water or ground surface. A successful WIG craft will create another mode of transportation categorise in between commercial airplanes and marine vessels. Hence, this paper presents a case study of Bixel Wing-In-Ground-Effect aerodynamic (Bixel WIG). The initial task is to simulate Bixel WIG aerodynamic using XFLR5 software. The craft configuration is a double wing flat aerofoil wave rider design with aspect ratio variation from 0.25 to 0.5 as in USA PATENT #5105898 C.BIXEL. Based on the result of the simulation, the design of the six seater double wing Bixel WIG is proposed. The design is benchmarked against Lippisch RHB X-114 and UH-18 SPW.
Experimental Analysis of Coir Fiber Sheet Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composite
Authors: Van Quy HO , Nguyen Song Thanh Thao
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the industrial demand for composite materials is increasing rapidly. However, most composite materials are produced from synthetic fibers and resins. As a result, the current production of composite materials still has many problems and the most worrying concern is the environment and human health. From those challenges, natural fiber composite is gradually becoming a worldwide research and development trend. Natural fibers are an abundant and renewable resource, so their cost is relatively low compared with other conventional fibers. They are eco-friendly, biodegradable and reduce the problem of solid waste production when used to replace non-degradable fillers. The objective of this study is to approach and learn about natural fiber composite, which is divided into two main stages. In the first one, we learn about natural fibers and matrixes of natural fiber composites. In the second stage, material testing experiments were performed on the coir fiber sheet reinforced epoxy resin composites to determine their mechanical properties as well as to find the mechanical properties of the coir fiber sheet using the rule of mixtures theory. The experimental results show that the non-split coir fiber sheet has the similar properties with ones of single coir fiber and results in a higher mechanical performance compared to the split coir fiber sheet. Additionally, the results show a medium stiffness, small density and low-cost composite material. Therefore, the further purpose of this study is to apply natural fiber composites in aeronautical engineering such as manufacturing small unmanned aerial vehicle.
The Design and Test of Elliptical-Circular Bicycle Sprockets
Authors: Lesmawanto Ardi , Chang Shinn-Liang , Ceng Sheng-Yuan , He Shin-Hao
Published: October 2019

Most people have different strength and frequency of the movements between the left and the right body side. In riding a bicycle with circular sprocket, the torques produced by the right leg and the left leg are generally different. Usually, the dominant leg exerts larger force than the non-dominant leg. Based on these conditions, in this paper, the application of elliptical-circular bicycle sprockets with the right size and position on the leg can provide more advantages compared to the ordinary circular sprocket in cycling. The crank torque comparisons reveal that the application of the elliptical-circular sprocket can reduce the torque produced by the right leg, and increase the torque produced by the left leg. This proves that the elliptical-circular sprocket is useful for balancing the force produced between the left leg and the right leg. Then, from the leg joint comparisons, the elliptical-circular sprocket can reduce the torque in the hips, knees, and the ankles. This means that the use of elliptical-circular sprocket can reduce the legs fatigue in riding a bicycle.
Uniform rationality of the Poincaré series of definable, analytic equivalence relations on local fields
Authors: Nguyen Kien
Published: October 2019

Poincaré series of

p
p

-adic, definable equivalence relations have been studied in various cases since Igusa’s and Denef’s work related to counting solutions of polynomial equations modulo

p
n

p^n

for prime

p
p

. General semi-algebraic equivalence relations on local fields have been studied uniformly in

p
p

recently by Hrushovski, Martin and Rideau (2014). In this paper we generalize their rationality result to the analytic case, uniformly in

p
p

, we build further on their appendix given by Cluckers as well as on work by van den Dries (1992), on work by Cluckers, Lipshitz and Robinson (2006). In particular, the results hold for large positive characteristic local fields. We also introduce rational motivic constructible functions and their motivic integrals, as a tool to prove our main results.
Epilogue
Authors: Duindam Jeroen
Published: October 2019

Throughout history, elites have developed instruments to consolidate the status of their families, by enlarging their patrimony, educating their scions, and seeking strategic alliances. Modern elites in all spheres of life conform to this rule, though heredity of supreme political office is now no longer commonly accepted. The Epilogue invites readers to reconsider the present from the long-term perspective of dynastic power. Too often, the dynastic muddle has been used largely to highlight the achievements of modern political leadership. Traditional dynasties have disappeared into the margins of politics, yet the dynastic impulse persists and there is little reason to assume that it will diminish.
Global aesthetics
Authors: Nanay Bence
Published: October 2019

How does your aesthetic experience depend on what culture you grew up in? ‘Global aesthetics’ explains that much of it is due to the abundance of top–down influences on perception. But how do these top–down influences on perception work and what processes mediate them? Two mediating mechanisms are discussed—attention and mental imagery—which are exercised differently depending on what culture we have grown up in. As a result, perception depends on our cultural background. Global aesthetics is therefore about the geography of vision. It concludes that we should always be aware of the cultural perspective that we occupy and treat our aesthetic evaluations with humility.