bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of pulse laser high-precision ranging algorithm under low signal-to-noise ratio
Authors: Chen Fang , Luo Lingling
Published: November 2022

Because the traditional pulse laser high-precision ranging method has the problems of low ranging accuracy and long ranging time, a pulse laser high-precision ranging algorithm under low signal-to-noise ratio is proposed. Based on the analysis of the basic principle of pulse laser ranging, the pulse laser signal under low signal-to-noise ratio is obtained by modeling the pulse laser echo analog signal waveform. The wavelet denoising method of improved threshold function is used to denoise the pulse laser signal under low signal-to-noise ratio. According to the processing results, the pulse laser high-precision ranging is carried out through sinusoidal amplitude time conversion. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has high precision and short ranging time.
Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional polycaprolactone/sodium alginate and egg whites and eggshells hybrid scaffold in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Rezaei Hessam , Shahrezaee Mostafa , Monfared Marziyeh Jalali , Nikjou Mona , Shahrezaee Mohammad Hossein , Mohseni Mojdeh
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to fabricate three-dimensional bone scaffolds using polycaprolactone and egg shell powder. The scaffolds were coated with sodium alginate/egg white. SEM was used to investigate egg shell particles on the surface of each string of scaffolds. The presence of calcium carbonate in the scaffold structure was confirmed by microstructural analyses employing XRD. Egg shell-related functional groups were discovered using FTIR investigations. Bone cells were used to conduct biocompatibility tests on scaffolds (MG-63). Finally, scaffolds with the highest proportion of egg whites and eggshells have the best cell survival rate. It may be concluded that the PCL/7% Esh/15% Ew scaffold is a good option for application in bone tissue engineering.
Tuning rheological performance of silica concentrated shear thickening fluid by using boric acid as additive
Authors: Sharma Shuchi , Walia Yogesh Kumar , Garg Muskan , Verma Sanjeev K.
Published: November 2022

Shear thickening fluid (STF) are non-Newtonian fluids that usually behave as liquid in normal condition however under sudden impact, they transformed into a solid like structure with abrupt rise in viscosity. The rheological properties of these fluids play a significant role in energy dissipation. In the present work, effect of boric acid (BA) as an additive for the fine tuning of shear thickening (ST) behavior of colloidal silica-based shear thickening fluids (STFs) was investigated. STFs were synthesized with silica particles (600 nm) in liquid polyethylene glycol (PEG-200). Both the steady state and dynamic rheological studies of STFs were carried out to compare ST behavior of BA based STFs with only silica-based STFs. In steady state rheology, it was observed that max. viscosity increases four time compared to only silica based STF. In dynamic rheology, it was observed that the maximum G′ and G″ of the STF composition (69% + 1.2% BA) at a frequency of 70 rad/s has increased by ∼41 times and ∼14 times, respectively, when the deforming strain reaches at 100% strain. Both the steady state and dynamic rheological analyses have confirmed that boric acid based STFs exhibited higher shear/strain thickening behavior, as well as higher energy absorption property.
Screen-printed electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring of heavy metal ion detection
Authors: Choudhari Upasana , Jagtap Shweta , Ramgir Niranjan , Debnath Anil K. , Muthe Kunal P.
Published: November 2022

Heavy metal ions (HMIs) are known to cause severe damages to the human body and ecological environment. And considering the current alarming situation, it is crucial to develop a rapid, sensitive, robust, economical and convenient method for their detection. Screen printed electrochemical technology contributes greatly to this task, and has achieved global attention. It enabled the mass transmission rate and demonstrated ability to control the chemical nature of the measure media. Besides, the technique offers advantages like linear output, quick response, high selectivity, sensitivity and stability along with low power requirement and high signal-to-noise ratio. Recently, the performance of SPEs has been improved employing the most effective and promising method of the incorporation of different nanomaterials into SPEs. Especially, in electrochemical sensors, the incorporation of nanomaterials has gained extensive attention for HMIs detection as it exhibits outstanding features like broad electrochemical window, large surface area, high conductivity, selectivity and stability. The present review focuses on the recent progress in the field of screen-printed electrochemical sensors for HMIs detection using nanomaterials. Different fabrication methods of SPEs and their utilization for real sample analysis of HMIs using various nanomaterials have been extensively discussed. Additionally, advancement made in this field is also discussed taking help of the recent literature.
Pickering emulsions as an alternative to traditional polymers: trends and applications
Authors: Tercki Dariusz , Orlińska Beata , Słotwińska Dominika , Sajdak Marcin
Published: November 2022

Pickering emulsions have gained increasing interest because of their unique features, including easy preparation and stability. In contrast to classical emulsions, in Pickering emulsions, the stabilisers are solid micro/nanoparticles that accumulate on the surfaces of liquid phases. In addition to their stability, Pickering emulsions are less toxic and responsive to external stimuli, which make them versatile material that can be flexibly designed for specific applications, e.g., catalysis, pharmaceuticals and new materials. The potential toxicity and adverse impact on the environment of classic emulsions is related to the extractable nature of the water emulsifier. The impacts of some emulsifiers are related to not only their chemical natures but also their stabilities; after base or acid hydrolysis, some emulsifiers can be turned into sulphates and fatty alcohols, which are dangerous to aquatic life. In this paper, recent research on Pickering emulsion preparations is reviewed, with a focus on styrene as one of the main emulsion components. Moreover, the effects of the particle type and morphology and the critical parameters of the emulsion production process on emulsion properties and applications are discussed. Furthermore, the current and prospective applications of Pickering emulsion, such as in lithium-ion batteries and new vaccines, are presented.
Wear and corrosion mechanisms of Ni–WC coatings modified with different Y2O3 by laser cladding on AISI 4145H steel
Authors: Cao Qizheng , Fan Li , Chen Haiyan , Hou Yue , Dong Lihua , Ni Zhiwei
Published: November 2022

In order to evaluate the effect of rare earth Y2O3 on the wear and corrosion properties of WC–Ni composite coatings, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), electrochemical polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and friction and wear tests were used to analyze the metallographic structure, corrosion characteristics in simulated seawater and friction and wear principle of the composite coatings. Results of SEM revealed that the microstructure of the Y2O3 added coatings was refined with the grains changing smaller and the impurity disappearing. The EIS results proved that the addition of Y2O3 brought a positive influence on the corrosion resistance by reducing the capacitance and increasing the R
f and R
c. The hardness of the coatings with Y2O3 addition tends to be smooth without wild fluctuation, and the coating with 0.5 wt% Y2O3 owned the hardness values reaching 850 HV. With the addition of rare earth elements, the coefficient of fiction values decreased, reaching the lowest (0.3418) at the content of Y2O3 of 0.5 wt%. The surface of the coating without Y2O3 appears grooved due to the abrasive wear; the coatings with Y2O3 did not suffer serious wear and tear. The coating with 0.5 wt% Y2O3 exhibited the best corrosion resistance and wear resistance properties in all the specimens.
Negotiations on meaning between semiotics and language philosophy: from Yiheng Zhao’s semiotic perspectives
Authors: Yang Zhihui
Published: November 2022

Western language philosophy studies meaning from diverse aspects, with a core concern for how meaning is formulated and interpreted. The artificial-language and natural-language schools are two camps in this philosophical undertaking, the former insisting on scientific logic and positivism in meaning verification while the latter emphasizing subjective intention and context in meaning interpretation. Semiotics provides another semantic perspective that tips toward the theory of the natural-language school. This article compares the semantic thought of analytical language philosophers with that of a Chinese semiotician – Yiheng Zhao, who defines meaning as the interpretative potential between any two signs, and, being the product of signifying activities, meaning should be stipulated as dynamic process instead of a static essence. Thus, the interpretation of meaning is totally free of the shackles of logical positivism and radical interpretation required by the artificial-language school. On the other hand, differing from the natural-language school, meaning in Zhao’s semiotic theory can be either expressive or communicative, which means meaning that has originated from an expresser does not necessarily need an interpreter like the utterer-audience binary in Grice’s theory. Compared with Anglo-American analytical language philosophers, Zhao shows more affinities in semantic thought with the continental philosophers – Husserl, Heidegger, Gadamer, Habermas, and Ricoeur.
Womit habe ich das verdient?
Authors: Ohls Isgard
Published: November 2022

Schuld und ihre Bewältigung in Form von Verzeihen spielen in therapeutischen Kontexten eine zentrale Rolle. Säkulare wie religiöse Wege können zu einer gelingenden Auseinandersetzung beitragen. Im Rückgriff auf weltweites Kulturgut und verschiedene Behandlungsmethoden möchte dieser Aufsatz aufzeigen, wie eine fruchtbare Auseinandersetzung mit dem Schuldbegriff zugunsten einer Praxis des Verzeihens gelingen kann. Neben der säkularen Bewältigung gibt es eine Fülle religiöser, künstlerischer und supportiver Bewältigungsversuche, welche alle zu Vergebung und Versöhnung hinführen. Die abendländischen christlichen Traditionsstränge werden daher in diesem Aufsatz in einen Dialog mit modernen, internationalen Wissenschaftsströmungen, vertreten durch die Medical Humanities und Healing Arts, geführt. Welche Aspekte können aus diesen Traditionen in einer zunehmend säkularen Umwelt für die psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Praxis gewonnen werden?

An den Beginn meiner Ausführungen stelle ich biblisch-künstlerische Impressionen zu Schuld und Vergebung (1). Danach folgt eine theologisch-dogmatische Begriffsdefinition zum Schuld- wie Sündenbegriff (2), zur Vergebung im Rahmen der christlichen Religion bzw. zur Praxis des Verzeihens im Abendland (3), bevor im nächsten Abschnitt (4) das Augenmerk auf künstlerische Verarbeitungen in Kirche und Bibel als Ausdruck des Verzeihens gerichtet wird. Nach einem Exkurs zu den Medical Humanities und Healing Arts (5) folgen therapeutische Impulse zur Kunst des Verzeihens (6) sowie ein abschließendes Fallbeispiel zur trialogischen Arbeit (7).
Lower Inequality and Lower Development: A Contradiction Sensitivity Analysis of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Mushtaq Saeed Owais , Iqbal Khan Javaid , Majeed Mehak
Published: November 2022

The standard method of poverty estimation uses unadjusted per capita income or expenditure to calculate population below the poverty line. However, recent empirical advancements have validated this method to be essentially flawed in nature. It does not take into consideration nor allows for household composition and economies of scale. Empirical investigations have confirmed the facts that the measures of poverty and inequality are sensitive to various choices of equivalence scales. Therefore, standard measures provide mostly overestimated poverty and inequality estimates. Further, poverty measurement across groups or overtime is sensitive to different poverty lines and measures. Any alteration in these can reverse the ranking. The current research attempts to test adult equivalence and scale economies in Jammu and Kashmir region to validate whether poverty estimates are sensitive to these scales or not. It also employs stochastic dominance technique to check whether poverty reduction is robust through time over a wide range of poverty lines and measures. The paper does so by employing three waves of monthly consumption expenditure rounds conducted by National Sample Survey Organization. For sensitivity analysis, the paper estimates FGT, Gini and Atkinson indices. Despite being industrially backward and politically fragile, J&K has shown better economic indicators than most other Indian states. The findings of the current study validate lower poverty in the region and at the same time discover a growth in inequality over time. While a mixed result is derived for adult equivalence, the economies of scale highlight the fact that standard measures are overstated and welfare rank reversal ensues when household size and gender of household is tested for. Further, stochastic dominance results show that poverty reduction is only robust during 61st and 66th round, and not during 66th and 68th rounds.
A big data szerepe a városi mobilitás kutatásában és fejlesztésében
Authors:   University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics, Váczi Sándor , Fabula Szabolcs ,   University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Economic and Social Geography, Nagy Gábor ,   Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Eötvös Loránd Research Network
Published: November 2022

The use of big data in urban mobility research is growing dynamically. However, relatively few studies have been devoted to systematically review the results in this field. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explore the general characteristics of the application of the big data approach in urban mobility research. For this purpose, the systematic literature review method was applied and the scientific Scopus database was accessed to collect publications relevant to the predefined criteria. Then the papers included in the sample were analysed using quantitative and qualitative techniques, focusing on the trends emerging from the years of publications in the database, the distribution of the papers by journal, the geographical distribution of case-study areas, the methods and data types employed, and their policy implications. This literature review demonstrates the diversity of big datadriven urban mobility research and provides lessons for geography and urban policy in Hungary.
Frank Ramsey
Authors: Griffin Nicholas
Published: November 2022

The death of Frank Ramsey in January 1930 just before his twenty-seventh birthday, was the last nail in the coffin of the Cambridge school of mathematical logic.
Two Theologians and "Why I Am Not a Christian"
Authors: Andersson Stefan
Published: November 2022

Bertrand Russell’s speech “Why I Am Not a Christian” (1927) triggered many theologians to defend Christian beliefs. Aside from his rational criticism of the so-called “proofs” of God’s existence, it is his humorous irony as a rhetorical weapon that made many abandon their faith in Christianity and become atheists or at least agnostics. In this article I examine two British theologians’ unsuccessful attempts to counterattack Russell’s devastating analysis of some central Christian dogmas.
Russell on Relations, 1898: a Reconsideration
Authors: Griffin Nicholas
Published: November 2022

The paper traces the development of Russell’s thinking about relations in 1898. Central to the story is what Russell called “the contradiction of relativity” which he thought to be endemic in the mathematical sciences. Through most of the year he tried to deal with it within the constraints of the neo-Hegelian doctrine of internal relations until, towards the end of the year, he abandoned the doctrine and with it neo-Hegelianism. Most importantly, he came to see that the contradiction of relativity showed that it was impossible to treat transitive, asymmetrical relations as internal. The paper also throws new light on Russell’s earliest debts to G. E. Moore.
Retrotransposon insertions associated with risk of neurologic and psychiatric diseases
Authors: Ahn Hyo Won , Worman Zelia F , Lechsinska Arianna , Payer Lindsay M , Wang Tongguang , Malik Nasir , Li Wenxue , Burns Kathleen H , Nath Avindra , Levin Henry L
Published: November 2022

Transposable elements (TEs) are active in neuronal cells raising the question whether TE insertions contribute to risk of neuropsychiatric disease. While genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) serve as a tool to discover genetic loci associated with neuropsychiatric diseases, unfortunately GWAS do not directly detect structural variants such as TEs. To examine the role of TEs in psychiatric and neurologic disease, we evaluated 17,000 polymorphic TEs and find 76 are in linkage disequilibrium with disease haplotypes (P < 10−6) defined by GWAS. From these 76 polymorphic TEs, we identify potentially causal candidates based on having insertions in genomic regions of regulatory chromatin and on having associations with altered gene expression in brain tissues. We show that lead candidate insertions have regulatory effects on gene expression in human neural stem cells altering the activity of a minimal promoter. Taken together, we identify 10 polymorphic TE insertions that are potential candidates on par with other variants for having a causal role in neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
Research data: basis of future research analytics
Authors: Muthu Sathish , Jeyaraman Madhan , Chellamuthu Girinivasan
Published: November 2022

Living in an era of data explosion, there is an urgent need for making high-quality scholarly research data available for technologies like Artificial Intelligence(AI) to make something more out of it, other than publications. AI being portrayed as the sentience of machines, with more computational power and advances analytical methods has the potential to deliver personalised health care to individuals with greater probability. Although various data points such as electronic medical records, insurance company records, financial records, etc. can be used for such purposes research data remains the key building block based on which the deep learning algorithms can generate meaningful results. Hence, we discuss the significance, need and various methods for making high-quality scholarly research data available for the future to identify intricate and potentially unknown patterns hidden in them by harnessing the potential of AI. We also recommend research data deposition to be made a necessary pre-requisite before the publication of the results derived out of them.
PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING TRAITS OF ANTARCTIC ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Bortyanuy I.O.
Published: November 2022

Successful colonization of Antarctic lands by vascular plants Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis and their adaptation to stressful environments is associated not only with climate change but also with the functioning of microbial groups of phylo- and endosphere of these plants. The aim of our study was to screen plant growth-promoting traits in endophytic bacteria of antarctic vascular plants. Materials and methods. We have studied 8 bacterial cultures isolated from D. antarctica collected during the 25th Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition (January-April 2020) along the Western part of the Antarctic Peninsula. Overnight liquid cultures were obtained on Nutrient Broth medium (HiMedia, Ltd.) in a shaking incubator (26 ℃, 160 rpm). Bacterial isolates were grown on Ashby's combined-nitrogen-free medium with sucrose. Drop collapse assay for cyclic lipopeptide production (CLP), motility assay, exoprotease production and phosphate solubilizing ability were performed using generally accepted methods. Results. All studied isolates have shown plant growth-promoting traits. The most abundant were nitrogen-fixing activity and motility. Both these play important role in plant colonization and promoting the growth of plants in harsh environments. The evidences of CLP were shown by two strains only. There was no notice of phosphate solubilizing ability and exoprotease production. Conclusions. Endophytic bacteria of antarctic vascular plants could support the growth and nutrition needs of the plants.
THE IMPACT OF BILIARY DRAINAGE MODE ON BACTERIOBILIA OCCURRENCE IN PATIENTS WITH HILAR MALIGNANT OBSTRUCTION
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Susak Y.M.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was comparative assessment of the frequency of bacterial colonization of the bile in patients with hilar malignant biliary obstruction after the palliative biliary decompression using different methodological approaches. Methods. 50 patients with proximal mechanical jaundice of tumor origin aged of ~ 62 years (25 males and 25 females), who were on steady-state treatment in Main military clinical hospital (Kyiv, Ukraine) were recruited in this prospective study. All patients underwent cholangiostomy using percutaneous transhepatic (PTBD) and external-internal suprapapillary (EISBD) approaches. Bile specimens were taken right after the biliary drainage. Identification of bacterial isolates was performed using standard cultural and biochemical methods. Results. The incidence of cholangitis was almost twice lower in EISBD group (n=26) than in PTBD group (n=24): 25.6% vs 49.1%. The rates of bacteriobilia did not differ significantly in patients from different groups: 23.1% in EISBD group and 25.0% in PTBD group. However, the frequency of biliary bacterial colonization coupled with cholangitis was also 2 times lower in EISBD group in comparison with patients underwent PTBD: 7.7% vs 16.7%. Escherichia coli predominated in bile specimens from patients with bacteriobilia associated with cholangitis in both groups. Conclusions. The use of EISBD for palliative biliary decompression in patients with proximal mechanical jaundice of tumor origin is associated with lower risk of bacterial colonization of the bile as compared to PTBD approach, and as a result with less risk of the development of infectious complications
Respiratory pathogens among ill pilgrims and the potential benefit of using point-of-care rapid molecular diagnostic tools during the Hajj
Authors: Hoang Van-Thuan , Dao Thi-Loi , Ly Tran Duc Anh , Drali Tassadit , Yezli Saber , Parola Philippe , Pommier de Santi Vincent , Gautret Philippe
Published: November 2022

We investigated respiratory pathogens among ill Hajj pilgrims from Marseille. We also discuss the potential role of point-of-care (POC) rapid molecular diagnostic tools for this purpose. Clinical data were collected using a standardised questionnaire. Influenza A and B viruses, human rhinovirus and human coronaviruses, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated using real-time PCR in respiratory samples obtained during travel, at the onset of symptoms. 207 participants were included. A cough, expectoration, rhinitis and a sore throat were the most frequent respiratory symptoms, followed by loss of voice and dyspnoea. 38.7% and 25.1% of pilgrims reported a fever and influenza-like symptoms, respectively. 59.4% pilgrims received antibiotics. Rhinovirus (40.6%) was the most frequent pathogen, followed by S. aureus (35.8%) and H. influenzae (30.4%). Virus and bacteria co-infections were identified in 28.5% of participants. 25.1% pilgrims who were positive for respiratory bacteria did not receive antibiotic treatment. In the context of the Hajj pilgrimage, it is important to detect infections that can be easily managed with appropriate treatment, and those that can affect prognosis, requiring hospitalisation. POC rapid molecular diagnostic tools could be used for patient management at small Hajj medical missions and to rationalise antibiotic consumption among Hajj pilgrims.
Cookie-Chaos auf Webseiten - ein Leitfaden zum technischen und datenschutzrechtlichen Umgang mit Cookies
Authors:   , Ludwig Carolin
Published: November 2022

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit Cookie-Bannern und -Pop-Up-Fenstern auf Webseiten und will darlegen, warum sich diese den Internetnutzenden tagtäglich in den Weg stellen. Dazu wird zunächst geklärt was Cookies sind, welche Arten es gibt, (nein, die Sorte mit Schokoladenstückchen ist nicht vertreten) und was deren Namensgeber ursprünglich mit diesem Hilfsmittel erreichen wollte. Natürlich ist auch die Möglichkeit Browser-Einstellungen vorzunehmen ein Teil dieser Arbeit, und es wird besprochen was passiert, wenn die Internetnutzenden regelmäßig alle Cookies löschen. Danach erfolgt eine Befassung mit den rechtlichen Grundlagen für die Einwilligung im Allgemeinen und die Cookie-Einwilligung im Besonderen. Die wichtigsten Rechtsgrundlagen werden besprochen, darunter das Telemediengesetz, die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO) und die ePrivacy-Richtlinien sowie die Urteile des Europäischen Gerichtshofs und Bundesgerichtshofs zur Cookie-Einwilligung. Im Hauptteil dieser Arbeit erfolgt zunächst eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Definition der Einwilligung nach DSGVO in ihren vier Bestandteilen: freiwillig, informiert, unmissverständlich, eindeutige bestätigende Handlung; daran anschließend wird festgemacht, wie genau die wirksame Einwilligung erfolgen kann. Hier wird neben der Zweckbindung auch die Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten durch Cookies in den Blick genommen und in ihren Konsequenzen analysiert. Dementsprechend werden Cookies in einwilligungsbedürftige und solche über deren Verwendung nur informiert werden muss, eingeteilt. Da zur Einwilligungseinholung Cookie-Banner und -Pop-Up-Fenster genutzt werden, erfolgt daraufhin eine Kontrolle auf rechtliche Zulässigkeit bzw. Datenschutzkonformität der Gestaltungsalternativen bzw. Verhaltensunterschiede. Dazu gehören “Cookie Wall”, die Nutzung von Ebenen (“Consent Layer”) zur Informationsübermittlung sowie die Technik des “Nudging”. Am Ende dieser Betrachtungen steht ein Leitfaden, der klarstellen will, wie ein Cookie-Banner oder -Pop-Up-Fenster eine wirksame Einwilligung nach der DSGVO einholen kann und trotzdem noch so benutzungsfreundlich wie möglich bleibt.
Analysis of midwives’ situation and the need to measure their workloads
Authors: García Lorena Gómez , Llor Ana Myriam Seva , Gil María Fuensanta Hellín , Valcárcel María Dolores Roldán , Cerezo Pablo Paredes , Cano Esperanza de la Iglesia , Merino Guadalupe Ruiz , Guerrero Francisco Javier Navarro
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze midwives’ employment situation of midwives and detect their workload measurement needs. Methods: a mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative), observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Two phases were carried out. The first methodological phase consisted of conducting semi-structured individual interviews. The second methodological phase analyzed the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) interventions that midwives perform in the labor room during daily practice. Results: 90.3% of midwives have work overload, since for 80.6% the midwife-pregnant mother ratio is not well established, since the mean execution time of a Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) intervention is 20 minutes. For this reason, 100% of the sample considers the development of workload measurement tools to be highly useful. Conclusions: the need to generate an instrument that considers the diversity of Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) interventions that develop within the labor room is ratified.
Is a business owner a better mayor?
Authors: Pereira Helder Marcos Freitas , Saes Maria Sylvia Macchione
Published: November 2022

Abstract This study analyzes the demographic characteristics of elected mayors in Brazil, emphasizing those who are business owners. The research observes whether mayors with a background as business owners obtain better performance in office, which is evaluated through the municipality’s fiscal situation and the IDEB (basic education development index) score. The research was conducted in two parts. The first part used logistic regression and sought to identify the profile of elected mayors. The second part analyzed whether mayors who were business owners obtained a superior performance using the multilevel regression model. The study observed that the majority of mayors had a background as business owners, but this characteristic was not significant to explain electoral success. The results of the second part did not find a correlation between mayors who are business owners and their performance. The only demographic characteristic relevant to explain differences in municipalities’ fiscal results was the mayor’s age. Therefore, mayors who were business owners did not present results different from those who have other backgrounds, which allows us to assume that this group does not have better skills and judgments. One of the limitations of this study is that the characteristic of being a business owner was obtained by self-declaration.
ESTAGNAÇÕES E ABERTURAS NA TRAMA: PANDEMIA, ENSINO REMOTO E FAMÍLIA
Authors: Romagnoli Roberta Carvalho , Nascimento Vitória Paula Magalhaes , Fara Giulia , Lopes Camila Montandon Dumont
Published: November 2022

Este texto apresenta os resultados parciais da pesquisa “Educação Básica e Família: reproduções e invenções no programa Residência Pedagógica” financiada pelo CNPq. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-intervenção que tem como objetivo analisar as relações estabelecidas pelos professores supervisores, pelos professores preceptores e alunos em formação docente no Programa Residência Pedagógica da PUC Minas em convênio com a Capes, enfatizando a articulação entre estes, a escola e as famílias, com o intuito favorecer a invenção de novas formas de expressão nesses grupos. Tendo como metodologia a pesquisa-intervenção, os dados foram produzidos em entrevistas coletivas com a coordenação, com os professores supervisores, professores preceptores, bolsistas da licenciatura e com as famílias dos estudantes da educação básica. Em diálogo com as ideias de Deleuze e Guattari, mapeamos a articulação pandemia-ensino remoto-família como um rizoma, composto por linhas duras, que tendem a reproduzir a negligência com a educação em nosso país e a negação da desigualdade estrutural que constitui nossa sociedade, em coexistência com linhas flexíveis que trazem a importância dos professores e dos coletivos, para trilhar linhas de fuga, dimensões inventivas que apontam outra relação família-escola, não permeada somente pela desconfiança, mas por conexões produtivas. Concluímos a relevância da relação família-escola para a educação.
Solving the Watchman Route Problem with Heuristic Search
Authors: Skyler Shawn , Atzmon Dor , Yaffe Tamir , Felner Ariel
Published: November 2022

This paper solves the Watchman Route Problem (WRP) on a general discrete graph with Heuristic Search. Given a graph, a line-of-sight (LOS) function, and a start vertex, the task is to (offline) find a (shortest) path through the graph such that all vertices in the graph will be visually seen by at least one vertex on the path. WRP is reminiscent but different from graph covering and mapping problems, which are done online on an unknown graph. We formalize WRP as a heuristic search problem and solve it optimally with an A*-based algorithm. We develop a series of admissible heuristics with increasing difficulty and accuracy. Our heuristics abstract the underlying graph into a disjoint line-of-sight graph (GDLS) which is based on disjoint clusters of vertices such that vertices within the same cluster have LOS to the same specific vertex. We use solutions for the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) and the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) of GDLS as admissible heuristics for WRP. We theoretically and empirically investigate these heuristics. Then, we show how the optimal methods can be modified (by intelligently pruning away large sub-trees) to obtain various suboptimal solvers with and without bound guarantees. These suboptimal solvers are much faster and expand fewer nodes than the optimal solver with only minor reduction in the quality of the solution.
Observing waterflow within an embankment dam using self-potential monitoring
Authors: Hamlyn Jo , Cottrell Richard John , Bird Christian Lloyd , Kulessa Bernd
Published: November 2022

Geophysics has become a fundamental tool for the characterisation of dam structures and the identification of subsurface defects. However, evolving a geophysical technique to a monitoring solution for observing subsurface water flow is considered an important step to help water companies and governing bodies achieve their aims related to climate resilience, water supply targets and for lengthening the design life of critical infrastructure. The paper shows how monitoring of self-potential voltages using the SPiVolt system developed by TerraDat has successfully mapped water flow through the downstream shoulder of a Victorian-era embankment dam, and how these water flow paths responded to changes in the reservoir level and weather events such as heatwaves and rainfall. The study has also shown the importance of using a multi-technique geophysical survey to provide a wider context and deeper understanding of dam structures. The methodology described in this paper has the potential to not only provide a low-cost solution to monitoring embankment dams but can also be applied to numerous scenarios including landslide investigations, peatlands and flood defences.
Şark Ekspresi’nin Paris’ten İstanbul’a İlk Seferi (4-17 Ekim 1883)
Authors: DEMİR Musa , HANİLÇE Murat
Published: November 2022

19. yüzyıl ortalarından itibaren hızla gelişen demiryolu araçları ilk olarak yük ve eşya taşımak için tasarlanmıştır. Kısa sürede ekonomik gelişmişliğin önemli simgelerinden birisi haline gelen demiryolu çok geçmeden yolcu taşımacılığı için de kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. İnsanların lüks ve konforlu seyahat imkânı arayışları demiryolu ulaşımında büyük yenilikler yaşanmasına yol açmıştır. Bu yeniliklerden birisi de “yataklı vagonlar”dır. Bu vagonlar ilk olarak Amerika’da kullanılmış; daha sonra Avrupa’ya yayılmıştır. Başta ekonomi olmak üzere siyasi ve kültürel etkileşimin aracı olan demiryolu ulaşımıyla ülkeler arası etkileşim hızla artmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Avrupa’yla Asya kıtalarını birbirine bağlayan “Orient Ekspress” treninin ilk seferi ele alınmıştır. Bu seyahate bizzat katılmış olan yazar Edmond About’un trenin ilk seferi ve güzergâhı hakkındaki gözlemleri farklı kaynaklarla desteklenerek aktarılmıştır. Böylece trenin ilk yolculuğu hakkında daha önce yapılmış olan çalışmalarda değinilmeyen, etraflı bir şekilde ele alınmayan ve eksik bırakılan boşluklar doldurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Seyahatin büyük kısmının geçmiş olduğu İstanbul’da, şahit olunan olaylar da dönemin kaynaklarından faydalanılarak teyit edilmiştir.
Las plantas vasculares endémicas del estado de Sinaloa, México
Authors: Pío-León Juan Fernando , González-Elizondo Martha , Vega-Aviña Rito , González-Elizondo M. Socorro , González-Gallegos Jesús Guadalupe , Salomón-Montijo Bladimir , Millán-Otero Manuel Guillermo , Lim-Vega Carlos A.
Published: November 2022

Antecedentes: Sinaloa es uno de los estados de México con mayor necesidad de estudios florísticos.

Preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las plantas endémicas de Sinaloa? ¿cuáles son las regiones con mayor endemismo? ¿cuál es su importancia etnobotánica? ¿cuáles son las especies prioritarias para la conservación?

Especies de estudio: Plantas vasculares endémicas.

Sitio y años de estudio: Sinaloa, México; 2018-2021.

Métodos: Revisión de bibliografía, colecciones de herbarios y bases de datos electrónicas; trabajo de campo en localidades tipo y de distribución potencial de las especies endémicas. Se diseñó y aplicó un Índice de Conservación Prioritaria con base en parámetros ecológicos y etnobotánicos.

Resultados: Se registraron 77 especies endémicas estrictas a Sinaloa, incluidas en 30 familias y 61 géneros; 209 especies se comparten con uno o dos estados vecinos entre sí. Las sierras de Surutato, Concordia y Tacuichamona albergan la mayor cantidad de endemismo estricto. Más de la mitad de las especies se conocen solo de la localidad tipo y seis de ellas no han sido colectadas en más de 100 años. Se redescubrieron especies como Lopezia conjugens y Croton ortegae que no habían sido colectadas en más de 100 y 70 años, respectivamente. Ebenopsis caesalpinioides, Stenocereus martinezii y Aloysia nahuire fueron clasificadas como especies prioritarias por su alto valor biocultural.

Conclusiones: Las plantas endémicas de Sinaloa tienen alta diversidad taxonómica y valor cultural. El presente trabajo identificó especies y sitios prioritarios de conservación, especies de importancia biocultural, las mayores necesidades de colecta y las especies potencialmente extintas.
Populist Disinformation: Are Citizens With Populist Attitudes Affected Most by Radical Right-Wing Disinformation?
Authors: Hameleers Michael
Published: November 2022

Disinformation emphasizing radical populist narratives may threaten democratic values. Although extant literature has pointed to a strong affinity between disinformation and the populist radical right, we know little about the effects of such deceptive information. Against this backdrop, this article relies on an experiment in the Netherlands (N = 456) in which participants were exposed to radical right-wing populist disinformation versus decontextualized malinformation. Mimicking the participatory logic of disinformation campaigns in the digital society, we also varied the source of the message (a neutral news message versus a social media post of an ordinary citizen). Main findings indicate that exposure to radical right-wing populist messages can prime support for radical-right-wing issue positions, but ordinary citizen sources do not amplify disinformation’s effects. Our findings indicate that malign populist messages may have a delegitimizing impact on democracy, irrespective of how they are presented.
Housing in Germany and the Rebirth of the High-Rise in Post-Modern Urban Design
Authors: Altrock Uwe
Published: November 2022

High-rise buildings were a frequent design element in modernist urban planning and architecture. However, both the criticisms modernism faced and the negative experiences with large housing estates dating from that period led to post-modern designs that built strongly on traditional pre-modernist urban form. Despite the role of high-rise buildings in office areas, many brownfield and greenfield housing developments from the 1980s to the 2000s reflected this trend and abandoned high-rise buildings almost completely in Central Europe. Only recently, a renaissance of high-rise buildings as design elements for housing projects can be noted. The article traces this development by analyzing major design projects in Germany and offering explanations for this trend linked to major socio-cultural transformations and urban design innovations. It looks at the role of architects, urban designers, and other stakeholders in promoting hybrid urban design models and presents major strategies by cities under development pressure that try to manage their evolving skyline. Case studies deal with the five largest German cities of Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne, Munich, and Frankfurt am Main.
Trends of Biogas Development and Usages in Developing Countries-A Case of Bhutan
Authors: Bhattarai Hemlal
Published: November 2022

Renewable Energy Sources are a much-talked topic in recent times in the field of the energy system. As significant threats and challenges are poised for the health and environment by fossil fuel-based energy sources in meeting the energy requirements, there are initiatives and approaches taken to promote the usage of renewable energy. Significant advancement has been taken on renewable energy worldwide including Bhutan which is cautiously investing in renewable energy sources for energy self-sufficiency and export too. One of the promising incorporations Bhutan has made is in usages of biogas fuel in small scales meeting the household demand of cooking fuel which otherwise has to be from wood-based, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) and electricity. The study showed the trend of increasing development of biogas plants and usages of biogas in the case of Bhutan that is also being supported by the identified nodal agencies. As a result, the trends of firewood and LPG usages have been compensated to the greater extends especially in rural sectors of the country where access to other clean sources of energy is still quite expensive and challenges.
Finanzas plateadas: zona de no exclusión financiera
Authors: Martin Xavier , Vivanco Fermín , Okumura Masato , Herrera Diego , Gallagher Terrence , Peláez Paula , Navajas Sergio ,   BID Invest
Published: November 2022

Según estimaciones de Naciones Unidas, en los próximos 30 años, el número de personas mayores de 65 años se doblará de 750 millones actuales a más de 1.500 millones. Globalmente, en 2050 el porcentaje de personas mayores de 65 años pasará del 9,3% al 16% de la población. En todo el mundo se experimentará este crecimiento, pero es América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) la región que más rápidamente envejece y donde se concentrará el mayor aumento de la población de más de 65 años que pasará, en tres décadas, de representar el 9% al 19% de la población. El envejecimiento y la diversidad van unidos. Algunas personas envejecen manteniéndose en forma, conservan plena movilidad y utilizan todo tipo de herramientas digitales hasta el final de sus días. Otras personas, en cambio, se enfrentan a nuevos retos a medida que envejecen como puede ser una menor movilidad, una reducción significativa de ingresos, pérdidas sensoriales o deterioro cognitivo. Sin obviar esa diversidad, lo cierto es que todos seguimos requiriendo productos y servicios financieros que se adapten a las nuevas necesidades que vamos encontrando a medida que vamos envejeciendo. Sin embargo, es cada vez más evidente que hay un riesgo de “exclusión financiera” de las personas mayores por la brecha digital y por la falta de productos o servicios pensados en sus demandas particulares. Esta publicación pretende compartir algunas iniciativas en el sector financiero para adaptarse al envejecimiento. Diseminar con mayor detalle esas iniciativas servirá para alentar a otras entidades financieras a desarrollar soluciones que permitan superar la “no exclusión financiera” de las personas mayores. Para los proveedores de servicios financieros de la región es importante centrarse en las necesidades financieras para satisfacer sus demandas básicas, reducir el fraude y proyectarse como una entidad comprometida con la inclusión financiera de todos los clientes. Ser una entidad financiera orientada a las necesidades de las personas mayores implica pensar en el tipo de atención que se va a prestar, el diseño físico de las oficinas, la oferta de productos y servicios, y la manera general en la que una entidad financiera se percibe a sí misma en relación con las personas mayores. Adaptarse a las necesidades y demandas específicas de las personas mayores puede ser un reto para las entidades financieras, pero puede representar también una gran oportunidad de negocio.
PARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY COEFFICIENT OF MIRROR MATERIALS OPERATING IN THE ORBITAL FLIGHT SECTION
Authors:   Astrocosmic Center of the Federal State Institution of Science S.A. Lebedev Institute, Moscow, Russia, Borshchev N. O.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a method for determining the thermal conductivity coefficient on mirror materials of spacecraft operating in the orbital flight section. This problem is solved as a problem of searching for the global extremum of the parametrized coefficient of thermal conductivity in the course of minimizing the root-mean-square functional of the discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental temperature fields in the places where temperature sensors are installed. Inverse problems are considered incorrect due to "noisy" input data. To overcome this, it is necessary to apply regularization. This study employs the iterative regularization method, with the iteration number serving as the regularized parameter. The method of conjugate gradients is chosen as the optimization algorithm, because it is the most accurate method of the first order of convergence.
Synchronization of excitation waves in a two-layer network of FitzHugh–Nagumo neurons with noise modulation of interlayer coupling parameters
Authors:   Saratov State University, Ramazanov Ibadulla , Korneev Ivan ,   Saratov State University, Slepnev Andrej ,   Saratov State University, Vadivasova Tatjana ,   Saratov State University
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of synchronization of wave processes in distributed excitable systems by means of noise modulation of the coupling strength between them. Methods. A simple model of a neural network, which consists of two coupled layers of excitable FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators with a ring topology, is studied by numerical simulation methods. The connection between the layers has a random component, which is set for each pair of coupled oscillators by independent sources of colored Gaussian noise. Results. The possibility to obtain a regime close to full (in-phase) synchronization of traveling waves in the case of identical interacting layers and a regime of synchronization of wave propagation velocities in the case of non-identical layers differing in the values of the coefficients of intra-layer coupling is shown for certain values of parameters of coupling noise (intensity and correlation time). Conclusion. It is shown that the effects of synchronization of phases and propagation velocities of excitation waves in ensembles of neurons can be controlled using random processes of interaction of excitable oscillators set by statistically independent noise sources. In this case, both the noise intensity and its correlation time can serve as control parameters. The results obtained on a simple model can be quite general.
COLOCATIONS OF TEXTS OF THE CIVIL CODE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Tsareva I. V.
Published: November 2022

Modern understanding of legal linguistics has expanded significantly as the relationship between jurisprudence and linguistics in the study of language issues of the legal field has changed The article is devoted to the study of the colocation structure of the texts of the Civil Code of Ukraine. It has been established that collocations are statistically stable compounds that form a certain continuum between free and stable compounds. It is proved that the conclusion of collocations of the texts of the Civil Code of Ukraine provides for a combination of the corpus method with distributive and contextual analysis. In this article, it is claimed that contemporary changes in the humanities justify the expansion of the range of jurisprudence integration to some other approaches, diﬀerent from formalistic and pragmatic ones. The paper describes the features of legal language as a specialized system of legal concepts, provides communication needs in the field of legal science and practice. The article presents an overview of scientific works devoted to the study of the language of juridical field that covers general theoretical problems of juridical terminology, its history, formation and development issues, precision and normativity of separate terms and also linguistic features of separate juridical terminology Typical of an explicit definition is a simple sentence with a compound noun predicate that can function with zero or lexical verb conjunction. The complexity and specialized nature of legal cases determine the special requirements for the training and experience of a lawyer. To maintain the necessary level of knowledge and skills, a lawyer must constantly engage in his education and training.