bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Increasing Production of Soybean Plants (Glycine max L.) Based on Result Target’s and Nutrient Index
Authors: Sianturi Michael Gusman , Harahap Erwin Masrul , Hanum Hamidah
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research was to prove the giving fertilizer with dosage that produces seed production of soybean (Glycine max L.) 3 ton/ha and studying soil fertility through the nutrient indexs. The research was conducted in June 2017 until September 2017 at the market land of 1 Tanjung Sari, Medan Selayang sub-district. The research design is Factorial Random Design with two factors. The first factor is doses of fertilizer with the target of P1 = target 2 ton/ha; P2 = target 3 ton/ha; P3 = target of 4 ton/ha, second factor is treatment of soil nutrient index consist of B1 = 0,8 (100% less 20%); B2 = 0.9 (100% less 10%); B3 = 1 (100% standard nutrient index); B4 = 1.1 (100% plus 10%); B5 = 1.2 (100% plus 20%). The results showed that interaction of fertilizer based result target dose 3 ton/ha and nutrient index 0,9 (Urea : 45 kg/ha, SP-36: 90 kg/ha, KCL: 27 kg/ha, Phonska: 90 kg/ha, Dolomite: 900 kg/ha) reaches production of 2.86 tons/ha. The soil nutrient index found in B2 = 90% (fertilizer dose reduced by 10%) showed that the soil was fertile and gave the nutrient 10%.
Response of Growth and Production of Corn (Zea Mays L) with Liquid Fertilizer in Labuhan Batu Regency
Authors: Harahap Fitra Syawal Harahap , Walida Hilwa , Harahap Dahrul Aman , Oesman Roswita , Fadhillah Wizni
Published: December 2019

Growth and Production of Corn Plants (Zea mays L) with Provision of liquid supplementary fertilizer(PPC) is an alternative fertilizer that can increase plant growth and production. The constituents of thenutrients can provide elements that are not present in the soil. This study aims to get the right dose forgrowth and production of corn (Zea mays L). The treatment consists of 7 levels O0 = N, P, KRecommended dosage (Urea = 5 g / array; TSP = 2.50 g / KCl array = 1.87 g / array) O1 = Standardorganic compost / fertilizer (gr / plot) ) + N, P, K (Urea = 5 g / bolt; TSP = 2.50 g / bolt; KCl = 1.87 g/ bolt) O2 = 0.75 ml Primatan + N, P, K (Urea = 5 g / run; TSP = 2.50 g / run; KCl = 1.87 g / run) P3= 1.12 ml Primate + N, P, K (Urea = 5 g / run; TSP = 2.50 g / extract; KCl = 1.87 g / extract) O4 =1.5 ml Primatan + N, P, K (Urea = 5 g / extract; TSP = 2.50 g / extract; KCl = 1.87 g / array) O5 =1.5 ml Primatan + 0.75 N, P, K (urea = 3.75 g / run; TSP = 1.87 g / run; KCl = 0.14 g / run) O6 = 1.5ml primatan + 0.50 N, P, K (urea = 2.50 g / bolt; TSP = 1.25 g / bolt; KCl = 0.93 g / bolt). TreatmentP2 = 0.75 ml Primatan + N, P, K (Urea = 5 g / line; TSP = 2.50 g / line; KCl = 1.87 g / line) is able togive the best results for all parameters, namely plant height amounting to 44.09 cm, leaf area 241.19mm3, biomass weight per plant sample 271.50 g, selling fresh weight 225.50 g, total chlorophyll30.93units / 6 mm3.
Perbandingan Chitosan buatan dari hasil samping industri pembekuan udang dengan Chitosan komersil terhadap pengawetan mutu kesegaran ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Yusfiani Marnida , Diana Ayu , Ansari Anggi Ansari
Published: December 2019

Bahan pengawet yang sering digunakan adalah bahan kimia, namun bila digunakan denganberlebihan dapat membahayakan kesehatan, sehingga bahan pengawet yang kami gunakan yaituchitosan sebagai bahan pengawet makanan yang alami dan aman digunakan. Boraks sebagaipengenyal dan formalin sebagai pengawet bakso masih ditemukan di masyarakat, sehingga perludicarikan alternatif penggantinya yang lebih aman dan sehat. Chitosan sebagai pengawet alamimerupakan salah satu alternatifnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat chitosanbuatan dan membandingkannya dengan chitosan komersil sebagai pengawetan dalammempertahankan mutu kesegaran pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Metode dalam penelitianadalah metode eksperimen dengan melakukan pengawetan ikan nila. Berdasarkan karakteristikchitosan yang dibuat sudah mendekati dengan chitosan komersil karena perbedaan nilai pengujianyang dilakukan tidak jauh beda antara chitosan buatan dengan chitosan komersil.
Growth and yield of kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) on different vermicompost dosages and plant spacings
Authors: Dewanti Saraswati Kurnia , Fuskhah Eny , Sutarno
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to examine the effect and interaction between vermicompost dosage and plantspacing on kale growth and yield. The research was held on March – June 2019 in Tegalsari,Sidomukti, Semarang Regency and at Ecology and Crop Production Laboratory, Faculty of Animaland Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang. The study used a completelyrandomized factorial design 4 x 2 with 3 replications. The first factor was the vermicompost dosage of100 kg N/Ha (A1), 150 kg N/Ha (A2), 200 kg N/Ha (A3), and 250 kg N/Ha (A4). The second factorwas plant spacing of 20 x 40 cm (B1) and 30 x 40 cm (B2). Data were analyzed by variance andproceeded with DMRT test at level 5%. The observed variables were plant height, amount of leaves,chlorophyll, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight. The results showed that different dosages ofvermicompost and plant spacing only affected chlorophyll and root length of kale. The highestchlorophyll was attained at the treatment of 150 kg N/Ha vermicompost dosage and 20 x 30 cm plantspacing, equal to a treatment of 250 kg N/Ha vermicompost dosage and 30 x 40 cm plant spacing.The highest root length was attained at the treatment of 250 kg N/Ha vermicompost dosage and 30 x40 cm plant spacing, equal to the treatments of 100 kg N/Ha vermicompost dosage and 30 x 40 cmplant spacing and 200 kg N/Ha vermicompost dosage and 20 x 40 cm plant spacing.
Response of giving local microorganism solutions from bamboo shoot to growth and production of red chili plant (Capsicum annum L) jenggo F1
Authors: Walida Hilwa , Surahman Eko , Harahap Fitra Syawal , Mahardika Wiwit Arif
Published: December 2019

Efforts to increase the production of chilli plants are still experiencing obstacles. The presence of several pests and diseases makes one of the limiting factors that cause a decrease in the production of red chili. Likewise, the intensification of plants by fertilizing and applying pesticides continuously at high doses causes deterioration or decreased soil fertility, so that the addition of fertilizer and pesticide inputs are no longer able to spur increased crop productivity. The aim of this study was to determine the response of giving Local Microorganism (MOL) Solutions bamboo shoot to the growth and production of red chili (Capsicum annum L) varieties of Jenggo F1. This research was conducted with 4 doses of MOL bamboo shoot treatment and repeated 10 times. Research data was the averages data of each parameter and then analyzed descriptively. The highest average height of plants at M2 treatment (100 ml / sample) at the age of 10 MST was 44.05 cm. The average number of leaves at M2 treatment (100 ml / sample) aged 10 MST as many as 77.8 strands. The fastest flowering age was35.7 days (M2). The largest initial production weight was 28.50 grams (M2). Giving MOL solution of bamboo shoot at a dose of 100 ml / sample gave a good response to all observed parameters such as plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), age of flowering (days), and initial production weight (g).
Pertumbuhan dan hasil Kailan (Brassica oleracea var. Alboglabra) pada berbagai dosis pupuk kambing dan frekuensi pemupukan Nitrogen
Authors: Fathin Sahla Laksmita , Purbajanti Endang Dwi , Fuskhah Eny
Published: December 2019

Pupuk kandang kambing merupakan pupuk organik yang befrungsi sebagai penyedia hara dan memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah, namun pupuk organik mengandung hara nitrogen yang sedikit sehingga perlu pemupukan nitrogen lanjutan. Pupuk urea dapat mencukupi kebutuhan unsur nitrogen kailan. Kekurangan pupuk urea yaitu bersifat mobil sehingga diperlukan frekuensi yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh berbagai dosis pupuk kandang kambing dan frekuensi pemupukan nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kaillan (Brassica oleracea var. Alboglabra). Penelitian ini menggunakan percobaan faktorial 4 x 3 dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) terdiri dari 3 kelompok ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu dosis pupuk kandang kambing (K) yaitu: K0: 0 ton/ha, K1: 10 ton/ha, K2: 20 ton/ha, K3: 30 ton/ha. Faktor kedua yaitu frekuensi pemupukan nitrogen (N) yaitu: N1: satu kali (2 MST), N2: dua kali (2, 3 MST), N3: tiga kali (2, 3, 4 MST). Hasil penelitian menunujkkan perlakuan dosis pupuk kandang kambing 30 ton/ha memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap produksi tanaman kailan. Frekuensi pemupukan nitrogen tiga dan dua kali memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan bobot basah tajuk. Tidak ada pengaruh baik dosis pupuk kandang kambing dan frekuensi pemupukan nitrogen terhadap kadar ANR. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa dosis pupuk kandang kambing 30 ton/ha dan frekuensi pemupukan nitrogen sebanyak dua kali, menunjukkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kailan yang paling efektif.
Utjecaj hibridnih vlakana na mehanička svojstva betona
Authors: Bede Natalija , Ušić Ivan , Mrakovčić Silvija
Published: December 2019

U ovom je radu analizirano kako kombinacija različitih vrsta vlakana utječe na mehanička svojstva betona. U tu svrhu korištena su čelična vlakna u kombinaciji s različitim volumnim udjelima polipropilenskih vlakana. Rezultati pokazuju da beton armiran samo čeličnim vlaknima ima najveću tlačnu čvrstoću, dok hibridni mikroarmirani betoni povećanjem udjela polipropilenskih vlakana pokazuju manje tlačne čvrstoće u odnosu na referentni beton. Nasuprot tome, hibridni beton s čeličnim vlaknima i volumnim udjelom polipropilenskih vlakana od 0,1% ima najveću vlačnu čvrstoću savijanjem.
Proračun prodora klorida u beton
Authors: Bogdanić Anton , Ožbolt Joško
Published: December 2019

Na armiranobetonskim konstrukcijama izloženim agresivnom okolišu često nastaju oštećenja uslijed korozije armature izazvane kloridnim ionima. Oštećenja nastaju u obliku pukotina i odlamanja zaštitnog sloja betona uslijed bubrenja produkata korozije, što nepovoljno utječe na nosivost i trajnost konstrukcije. Povrh toga, površina poprečnog presjeka armature smanjuje se istovremeno s procesom degradacije betona. No, oštećenja se javljaju neposredno nakon depasivacije čelika uslijed kritične koncentracije kloridnih iona u blizini armature. Vrijeme koje je potrebno da kritična koncentracija kloridnih iona prodre do armature naziva se faza inicijacije, a osnovni cilj ovog rada je procjena njezinog trajanja. Trajanje faze inicijacije moguće je predvidjeti ukoliko se u obzir uzmu transportni procesi koji se odvijaju kroz zaštitni sloj betona. Najvažniji fizikalni procesi vezani uz fazu inicijacije su transport kapilarne vode, kloridnih iona te topline. Stoga je u okviru ovog rada razvijen 2D numerički model pomoću metode konačnih razlika, koji simulira navedene transportne procese. Primjena modela pokazana je na numeričkom primjeru u kojem je kvadratni poprečni presjek armiranobetonskog stupa izložen agresivnim morskim uvjetima. Proračun je proveden kako bi se istražio utjecaj širine pukotina na trajanje faze inicijacije. Numerički rezultati pokazuju da raspucalost zaštitnog sloja betona značajno smanjuje trajanje faze inicijacije, a samim time i uporabni vijek konstrukcija.
La economía internacional de Castilla-La Mancha en 2018-2019
Authors: De Castilla-La Mancha Dirección Territorial de Comercio
Published: December 2019

Este artículo pasa revista a todos los aspectos relevantes de la actividad exterior de las empresas castellano-manchegas en 2018, así como una previsión para 2019, a partir de los datos publicados del primer trimestre del año. Incluye un estudio de los flujos comerciales y el perfil de la empresa exportadora en las cinco provincias de la región y su distribución geográfica y sectorial, al margen de operaciones puntuales o extraordinarias que se pudieran producir. En un marco económico que vislumbra un horizonte con luces y sombras, la internacionalización se ha constituido como una sólida estrategia para que las empresas consoliden su recuperación, diversifiquen riesgos y expandan sus mercados objetivo, aprovechando las oportunidades que la economía mundial nos ofrece. Conocer los riesgos a los que nos enfrentamos y los instrumentos a nuestra disposición, son los ingredientes clave para el éxito y es, a esta tarea, a la que se orienta el informe que acabamos de elaborar.
Economía de la arqueología: valor e impacto económico del patrimonio arqueológico
Authors: Herrero Prieto Luis César
Published: December 2019

El objetivo de este ensayo es presentar las bases analíticas de la economía de la arqueología. Se caracteriza el patrimonio arqueológico como un bien económico de características particulares, como su carácter dotacional e irreproducible, sometido a condiciones de sostenibilidad, que reúne las peculiaridades de un bien público o recurso de propiedad común, vinculado además a escenarios de información imperfecta. Estas características hacen que las condiciones de provisión no estén bien resueltas en una economía de mercado. Se profundiza, entonces, en los componentes de valor de la arqueología, distinguiendo entre valor cultural, valor económico, valor social e impacto económico. Se muestran finalmente distintas metodologías y aplicaciones sobre valoración e impacto económico del patrimonio arqueológico.
Género, motivaciones y frenos en el consumo de música en directo
Authors: Cuadrado-García Manuel , Miquel-Romero Maria José , Montoro-Pons Juan D.
Published: December 2019

La asistencia a conciertos y festivales de música en directo ha evolucionado notablemente en los últimos tiempos consecuencia de los cambios acaecidos en este sector. La literatura muestra estudios centrados en analizar los principales determinantes de esta participación. Si bien algunos de estos trabajos incluyen el género como variable demográfica explicativa de este consumo, los resultados obtenidos son contradictorios. Por ello, el presente artículo desarrolla una investigación empírica mediante encuesta personal con el objetivo de analizar el rol del género, así como de los motivos y frenos de consumo, en la asistencia a conciertos de música. La no existencia de grandes diferencias entre hombres y mujeres se encuentra entre los principales resultados.
Cine y propaganda cultural: la revista Der Adler en español (1940-1944)
Authors: Fernández Blanco Víctor , Monasterio Escudero Carlos
Published: December 2019

Este trabajo ofrece un estudio de caso del uso de la cultura, y específicamente del cine, como herramienta de propaganda en periodos excepcionales como una situación bélica. En concreto, se analizan los contenidos cinematográficos y culturales de la versión española de la revista Der Adler, editada por el Ejército del Aire alemán durante la II Guerra Mundial, y se discute su posible influencia en la sociedad española y en la posición del régimen franquista ante el conflicto bélico. El régimen nazi atribuía al cine un doble objetivo propagandístico: ofrecer evasión a la población y exaltar el régimen nazi y ejército alemán y sus hechos de guerra. Teniendo en cuenta estas metas, se construye una tipología del cine alemán durante el III Reich y se catalogan todas las películas que aparecen en la colección de la revista que se conserva en la Biblioteca Nacional de España, publicada  entre 1940 y 1944. De su análisis se concluye que estos filmes son fundamentalmente de carácter escapista y amparan una doble intención. Con carácter general, distraer a la población alemana de las dificultades cotidianas que imponía el conflicto. Y, específicamente para España, ofrecer una imagen de normalidad, riqueza y potencia cultural que contribuyese a acrecentar el prestigio de Alemania. Por último, la revista también ofrecía reportajes propagandísticos de las actividades de españoles comprometidos con el régimen nazi, especialmente actuaciones de la División Azul y la Escuadrilla Azul.
PENGARUH LEVERAGE KEUANGAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR FOOD AND BEVERAGE DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Napu Fithriah
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the effect of financial leverage consisting of LDE (Long Term Debt To Equity Ratio), DE (Debt To Equity Ratio), DSR (Debt-Size Ratio), DM (Debt Maturity Ratio) Against Manufacturing Company Value On the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The sample used in this study 51 came from the financial statements of 17 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2007 and met established criteria, with each company totaling 3 financial statements (three years). The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis, with the help of SPSS version 16 software. The results of the study suggest that (1) Financial leverage consisting of LDE (Long term debt to equity ratio), DE (Debt to equity ratio), DSR (Debt-size ratio), DM (Debt maturity ratio) simultaneously affect Company Value Manufacturing on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). (2). Partially the influence of financial leverage variables that significantly influence the value of the company in this study are DSR (Debt-size ratio) and DM (Debt maturity ratio), while LDE (Long term debt to equity ratio), DE (Debt to equity ratio do not have significant influence on Company Value (3) The coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.365 indicates that the accuracy of the model for the sake of prediction is enough to consider factors Financial leverage can contribute an influence of 36.5% on Company Value.
PENGARUH KNOWLEDGE SHARING DAN TRANSFER OF TRAININING TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI BALAI WILAYAH SUNGAI SULAWESI IV PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Harwaty S Indah , Adnan Hakim Al Asy Ari , Ardiansyah Vicki
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of knowledge sharing and transfer of training on the performance of employees of the Sulawesi River Region IV Regional Office in Southeast Sulawesi Province. This research uses a quantitative approach, with the subject of the study being all employees of the Sulawesi River Region IV of the Southeast Sulawesi Province who have attended the training, amounting to 80 respondents. The type of data used is primary data through questionnaire distribution, which is then analyzed using the statistical method of multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results it was found that knowledge sharing and transfer of training together had a significant positive effect on improving employee performance. This means that any improvement made by employees either through knowledge sharing or transfer of training will also have an impact on improving the performance of the employees of the Sulawesi River Region IV of the Southeast Sulawesi Province.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO CONTENT EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS BETWEEN 2013 – 2018
Authors: Hursen Cigdem , Danjuma Tappi Felix
Published: December 2019

This research was conducted following specific content evaluation of programs between the period of 2015 – 2018 with limitations, a content analysis related studies on evaluation of programs to specify the direction of the research using qualitative study to analyze search results for four years. The Science Direct Data Base was searched to collect the data and journals were scanned to reach 72 studies. The aim of this research is to improve evaluation program effectiveness and to encourage researchers to study in this field. This study focused on program evaluation and answers were sought for distribution of studies by year of publication, subject area, country, method, and sample. The findings revealed that studies on program evaluation were mostly carried out in 2015 and 2018. The findings revealed that qualitative research was used more than quantitative and the mixed method. The result also revealed that most of the studies analyzed were in the area of teacher education and educational research. The analysis was done by the two researchers and for any disagreement, researchers studied on the issue and reached complete agreement. The data obtained from the studies were analyzed through descriptive statistic after calculating their frequency and percentage values
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL DIRECTORS’ DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP IN TURKMENISTAN AND TRNC (TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTH CYPRUS)
Authors: Ibragimova Gulnoza , Akcil Umut
Published: December 2019

This research aimed to determine the level of digital citizenship of the school directors in Turkmenistan, a developing country, and compare the level of digital citizenship of the school directors of the Ministry of National Education in TRNC. A causative comparison, one of quantitative designs, was conducted in this research. The participants were secondary school directors of the Ministry of National Education, TRNC in the 2017-2018 academic year. Convenience sampling method was used in this study. Due to time constraints and because it was easier, only 45 high school directors in Lefkosa, TRNC were involved. In Turkmenistan, 38 high school directors in the city of Dasoguz could be reached. The total number of the participants was 83. The "digital citizenship scale" and personal information form were used in this research. When the rate of Digital Citizenship, based on countries, is examined, the level of digital citizenship of the Turkish (TRNC) secondary education school directors is observed to be higher than of the Turkmeni secondary education school directors.
THE ROLE OF THE FOOD AND DRUG SUPERVISORY AGENCY (BPOM) IN MANAGING CIRCULATION OF COSMETICS AND HAZARDOUS FOODS
Authors: Najemi Andi , Purwastuti Lilik , Nawawi Kabib
Published: December 2019

In order to overcome currency of dangerous cosmetics, medicines and foods, so that the eforts of the trackling need to be enhenced, from society, government institution and upholder of laws institution which in this case is BPOM. The aim of POM is to discovery, prevent and control products included to protect consuments safety and healthy. BPOM has national and international network linking and also authority of laws and has high professional credibilies. That's why this reaserch was aimed to find out an appropriate of laws strategy that could be taken by BPOM as institute which has authority to ward off and giving law protection for the consuments caused of the accurancy of dangerous cosmetics and food. Based on this research and it's discussion, that is the regulations of cosmetics products must be fulfilled as attached rules regarding of pasal 2 the judgement of BPOM RI no. HK.00.05.4.1745 about cosmetics, the purpose of BPOM Jambi in order to warding off dangerous cosmetics and food currency for healthy, is appliying two stages of control those are pre-market and post-market. As the eforts of post-market control, BPOM continouesly gives education to consuments through communication, information and aducation and also publish public warning to society if it's found dangerous cosmetics and foods, and increas the collaboration with related agency such as official of healthy and tha official of perindag so that the use of dangerous materials could be controlled. The control of cosmetics, medicines and foods (POM) comprehensively covering pre-market nad post-market evaluation and post-market control would be held routine and continously by BPOM. The effort of safety to protect society from currency of danggerous cosmetics and foods, had fulfilled the regulation of mutual rules and or safety and or benefits, and controling activity and safety afforementioned in the case of cismetics and food could be fulfilledz so that there were some eforts non pr ojustitia and pro justitia.
PERBEDAAN PENDAPATAN USAHA BUDIDAYA IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) INTENSIF DAN NON INTENSIF DI KECAMATAN MANYAK PAYED KABUPATEN ACEH TAMIANG
Authors: Indra Siti balqies , Susilo Joko
Published: December 2019

Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perbedaan pendapatan usaha budidaya ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos) di Kecamatan Manyak Payed Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. Di bawah bimbingan Muhammad Jamil dan Siti Balqies Indra.

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Mayak Payed Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan dengan sengaja (purposive), dengan pertimbangan bahwa di Kecamatan Manyak Payed Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang terdapat usaha budidaya ikan bandeng secara intensif dan non intensif. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey.  Objek penelitian ini adalah pengusaha tambak usaha budidaya ikan bandeng secara intensif dan non intensif di Kecamatan Manyak Payed. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini hanya mengkaji pendapatan pengusaha usaha budidaya ikan bandeng secara intensif dan non intensif.  Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2016 sampai bulan Maret 2016. pengusaha budidaya ikan bandeng intensif sebanyak 21 orang semuannya dijadikan sampel penelitian. Sedangan pengusaha budidaya ikan bandeng non intensif populasinya sebanyak 502 orang sebanyak 30 orang dijadikan sampel penelitian.

Rata-rata pengunaan tenaga kerja usaha budidaya ikan bandeng non intensif yaitu sebesar 34,07 HKP/Periode dengan rincian 21,07 HKP/Periode dan intensif yaitu sebesar 85,25 HKP/UT/Periode. Rata-rata biaya produksi usaha budidaya ikan bandeng non intensif di Kecamatan Manyak Payed yaitu sebesar Rp. 3.879.017,86,- perUT/Periode dan intensif yaitu sebesar Rp. 7.536.591,53- perUT/Periode.

Rata-rata produksi ikan bandeng usaha budidaya non intensif sebesar 484,42 Kg/UT/Periode dan 351,66 Kg/Ha/Periode dan intensif yaitu sebesar 728,19 Kg/UT/Periode dan 521,91 Kg/Ha/Periode. Rata-rata nilai produksi usaha budidaya ikan bandeng non intensif di Kecamatan Manyak Payed yaitu sebesar Rp. 9.688.333,33,- /Usaha/Periode dan Rp. 7.033.272,84,-/Ha/Periode dan intensif yaitu sebesar Rp. 16.020.190,48,-/Usaha dan Rp. 11.482.047,78,-/Ha/Periode. Rata-rata pendapatan bersih usaha budidaya ikan bandeng non intensif di Kecamatan Manyak Payed yaitu sebesar Rp. 5.809.315,48 perUT/Periode dan Rp. 4.338.971,21 per Ha/Periode dan intensif yaitu sebesar Rp. 8.483.598,94- per UT/Periode dan Rp. 6.042.300,43,- per Ha/Periode.

Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut diperoleh t cari =  13,101 sedangkan t tabel pada tingkat keyakinan 95% (Î±=0.05) sebesar 1,665 dan pada tingkat keyakinan 99% (Î±=0.01) sebesar 2,405. Ini berarti t cari > t tabel baik pada tingkat keyakinan 95% maupun 99%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan terima Ha dan tolak Ho. Artinya ada perbedaan yang sangat nyata antara pendapatan bersih usaha budidaya ikan bandeng non intensif dan intensif.
PENGARUH BIAYA PRODUKSI, PENGALAMAN, DAN KETERAMPILAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KAKAO (THEOBROMA CACAO) DI KECAMATAN KARANG BARU KABUPATEN ACEH TAMIANG
Authors: Gustiana Cut , Irwanto Irwanto
Published: December 2019

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh biaya produksi, pengalaman, dan keterampilan terhadap pendapatan usahatani kakao (Theobroma cacao) di Kecamatan Karang Baru Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Karang Baru Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang Provinsi Aceh. Objek penelitian ini adalah petani yang memiliki usahatani kakao di Kecamatan Karang Baru Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini terbatas pada biaya produksi, pengalaman, dan keterampilan terhadap pendapatan usahatani kakao di Kecamatan Karang Baru Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang,

Hasil  penelitian  rata-rata  umur  petani  sampel  di  desa  sampel  adalah  42  tahun, pendidikan 8 tahun, pengalaman sebesar 16 tahun dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga sebanyak 5 orang. Rata-rata jumlah penggunaan biaya produksi usahatani kakao di Kecamatan Karang Baru  sebesar  Rp  611.460  per  usahatani  dan  Rp  462.080  per  hektar.  Rata-rata  jumlah pendapatan usahatani  petani kakao di Kecamatan  Karang Baru yaitu Rp. 37.937.349 per usahatani dan Rp 28.534.255 per hektar. Rata-rata tingkat keterampilan usahatani petani kakao di Kecamatan Karang Baru sebesar 2,6 skor. Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda diperoleh persamaan yaitu sebagai berikut: Y = 5,01 - 0,45 X1  + 0,06 X2  + 0,10 X3. Dari koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa besar koefisien determinasi (R2) dihasilkan nilai R2  = 0,53 atau 53%. Ini berarti pendapatan petani dalam berusahatani kakao (Y) dipengaruhi oleh biaya produksi (X1), pengalaman (X2), dan keterampilan (X3) sebesar 53% dan sisanya sebesar 47% lagi dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain diluar variabel penelitian ini.

Hasil pengujian secara serempak diperoleh bahwa secara serempak variabel tingkat  biaya  produksi,  pengalaman,  dan  keterampilan  memberi  pengaruh  yang  sangat nyata terhadap pendapatan petani dalam berusahatani kakao. Hasil pengujian secara parsial pada variabel biaya produksi (X1) , variabel pengalaman (X2) dan variabel keterampilan (X3) tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan usahatani kakao.
Development of Polypropylene-based Thermoplastic Elastomers with Crumb Rubber by Dynamic Vulcanization: A Potential Route for Rubber Recycling
Authors: Halász István Zoltán , Kocsis Dávid , Simon Dániel Ábel , Kohári Andrea , Bárány Tamás
Published: December 2019

In our current paper the preparation and properties of thermoplastic elastomer produced by dynamic vulcanization is presented and discussed. We dynamically vulcanized natural and styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) phase by continuous extrusion. Dispersion and in-situ vulcanization of the rubber phase occurred simultaneously in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. We used a random polypropylene copolymer (rPP) as the thermoplastic matrix and untreated crumb rubber (CR) to partially substitute the neat fresh rubber in order to check whether this is a potential recycling route for waste rubber products. We studied the effect of various rubber formulations, various processing conditions (screw speed and configuration) and various CR particle size distributions by characterizing the mechanical performance of the thermoplastic dynamic vulcanizates (TDVs) with tensile and hardness tests and their morphology by evaluating SEM micrographs taken from the fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens. The results showed that increasing screw speed and more high-shear elements in the screw setup led to a finer dispersion of the rubber phase, resulting in improved mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile properties of the best TDVs reached 20.5 MPa in tensile strength and 550 % in strain at break. However, partial replacement of the fresh rubber with untreated CR caused a significant deterioration in mechanical properties, due to poor adhesion between the CR particles and the matrix and rubber. This suggests that some kind of pre-treatment (e.g. by microwave or other devulcanization techniques) is necessary to enhance the surface activity of the CR particles.
Finality of Judgments in Civil Cases and Related Considerations: The Experience of Ukraine and Lithuania
Authors: Gusarov Kostiantyn , Terekhov Viktor
Published: December 2019

Finality of judgments is a concept that puts an end to the trial, prohibiting subsequent appeals, opening of new proceedings and disputing clearly established facts. Despite being promoted by the Council of Europe and its Court of Human Rights and familiar to most if not all states, its application still encounters misunderstanding in some Eastern European Countries. Deeply rooted ideas of substantive truth and public role of the judiciary, a rather idiosyncratic notion of fair trial and the rule of law all lead to underestimation of the role played by finality in a peaceful life of the society. This article addresses the experience of Ukraine (where a major judicial reform has just taken place) and Lithuania – two post-Soviet nations that both, still in their unique way, worked on implementing the principle of finality into their procedural order. The paper also explores an uneasy balance to be found between this notion and other relevant considerations (access to justice, rule of law, judicial economy and some other).
Gıda Katkı Maddelerinin Yenilebilir Film ve Kaplamalar Kullanılarak Taşınmasının Günümüzde ve Gelecekteki Uygulama Potansiyeli
Authors: DEMİRCAN Bahar , ÖZDESTAN OCAK Özgül
Published: December 2019

Günümüzde tüketicilerin güvenli gıdalara taleplerinin artması
doğrultusunda, gıda üretim ve işleme endüstrisi ürünlerde daha uzun raf ömrü
sağlama yönünde yeni stratejiler geliştirmektedir. Birçok işlenmiş gıda, proses
sonrası yüzey kontaminasyonuna maruz kaldığından ürünlerin raf ömrü
kısalmaktadır. Gıda endüstrisi potansiyel olarak ambalajlama işlevini yerine
getirebilecek olan yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar üzerinde çalışmalara
odaklanmıştır. Yenilebilir film ve kaplamaların bir ambalaj malzemesi olarak kullanımı üzerine odaklanan araştırmalar, bu
sistemlerin gıda kalitesini, gıda güvenliğini ve raf ömrünü arttırma
potansiyeli nedeniyle günden güne artmaktadır. Yenilebilir film ve kaplamaların
işlevsellikleri film materyallerinin yapı ve doğasına bağlıdır. Film oluşturucu
madde veya aktif katkı maddesi seçimi gıda ürününün yapısına, uygulanacak
işlemlere ve amaca uygun olarak yapılmalıdır. Bu nedenle üründe arzu edilen özellikler,
hidrokolloid ve lipitlerin kombinasyonlarından oluşan kompozit filmler ile elde
edilebilir. Bu sistemler kütle difüzyonuna karşı bir engel oluşturmasının yanı
sıra antioksidanlar, vitaminler, renklendiriciler gibi çok çeşitli gıda katkı
maddeleri için de taşıyıcı olarak kullanılabilirler. Bu katkıların yapılara
eklenmesi başta mikrobiyal bozulma olmak üzere diğer bozulma etkenlerini
ortadan kaldırarak gıdaların daha uzun süre güvenli bir şekilde depolanmasını
sağlayabilir. Bu derlemede, geliştirilen çeşitli protein, polisakkarit ve lipit
bazlı yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar kullanılarak, bu filmlere dahil edilmiş
veya potansiyel olarak dahil edilebilecek olan çeşitli gıda katkı maddelerinin
taşınması ele alınmıştır.
Metode Multi Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis Pemilihan Jenis Bungkus Kopi Untuk Kerajinan Tas
Authors: Hati Kusuma , Aprilyani Firdha
Published: December 2019

Abstract

 

Nowadays, the manufacture of handicrafts using the bags from used coffee wrap do not have too much candidate for selection, so that problems sometimes arise after the bag has been already sewn, namely a coffee wrap or loose seams. In this study, the authors proposed the method how to choose the best used coffee wrap. This study uses Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) to select the rank of the best coffee wrap used as material from Handicrafts bag. Criterion used for choosing the best coffee wrap as a material for making handicrafts bag were the thickness of the coffee wrap material, the texture of the coffee wrap, the size of the coffee wrap, and the strength of the seam. From the research conducted, it was found that the Indocafe Kopi Mix wrap was the best alternative as a material for making craft bags.

 

Keywords: Decision Support System, Coffee Wrap, Handicraft, MOORA

 

Abstrak

 

Selama ini, pembuatan kerajinan tangan berupa tas dari bungkus kopi bekas tidak memiliki pilihan bahan baku, sehingga terkadang timbul masalah setelah tas dijahit Diantaranya bungkus kopi sobek atau jahitan longgar. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis membahas ruang lingkup bagaimana cara memilih bungkus kopi yang paling baik atau paling tepat digunakan untuk membuat tas dari bugkus kopi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Multi-Objective Optimization berdasarkan Analisis Rasio (MOORA) untuk memilih peringkat bungkus kopi terbaik yang digunakan sebagai bahan dari tas Kerajinan. Kriteria yang digunakan untuk memilih bungkus kopi sebagai bahan pembuatan tas kerajinan adalah ketebalan bahan bungkus kopi, tekstur bungkus kopi, ukuran bungkus kopi, dan kekuatan jahitan. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa bungkus Kopi Indocafe adalah alternatif terbaik sebagai bahan untuk membuat kerajinan tangan tas bungkus kopi, karena memiliki kriteria bungkus kopi yang tebal, bungkusnya mengkilap sehingga lebih menarik, ukuran bungkusnya sedang sehingga mudah mengambil motifnya, jahitan tas lebih kuat karena ketebalan bungkusnya.

 

Kata kunci: Bungkus Kopi, Kerajinan Tangan, MOORA, Sistem Pendukung Keputusan,
Russian Revolution in perspective. Reflections on its impact on the Indian freedom struggle
Authors: Upadhyay Archana
Published: December 2019

The October Revolution of 1917 profoundly influenced the course of the Indian freedom movement in multiple ways. It gave impetus to Indian political aspirations, widened the base of the freedom struggle by making industrial workers and peasants active participants, and endowed the movement with a progressive outlook. The revolution’s principles resonated deeply among the people and leaders of the Indian freedom movement. In fact, many of the values enshrined in our Constitution, adopted post-independence, were inspired by the lofty ideals of the Russian Revolution. The most important event in Russia, influencing the course of the freedom movement in India, was the October Revolution in 1917. The revolution, its ideology, V. I. Lenin and his deep involvement with the issues confronting the people of the East, the transformation of Russia post 1917, and the overall attitude of the Soviet government and the Comintern towards India’s freedom struggle deeply influenced both the people and the leaders of the Indian freedom movement. Though the multiclass national movement did not get converted completely to the cause of socialism, the fact remains that the legacies of the October Revolution influenced the course of the freedom struggle in multiple ways. Some of its legacies got imprinted in the Constitution that India adopted post-independence. The socialist component of the Constitution of India did not happen by accident. It was the outcome of the massive ideological churning that took place within and outside the Indian National Congress and that which by no small measure was triggered by the emancipatory ideals of the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Constitution of the Republic of India, adopted on 26 January 1950, was based on a set of principles and ideas that would achieve socialist reconstruction of society through democratic means. The right balance of the proper socio-economic rights with guaranteed democratic and civil liberties, based on the majority principle along with the right of minority opinions to exist and flourish in a secular state became the cornerstones of the Constitution that independent India adopted. Many of these values were clearly inspired by the lofty ideals of the Russian Revolution.
Egypt’s major political forces and their relations with the president M. Mursi in 2012–2013
Authors: Kondral Aliaksandra A.
Published: December 2019

Political situation in Egypt has been attracting international attention since 2011, when the wave of protests of so-called Arab Spring swept through the region of Middle East and North Africa. Inspired by democratic slogans of political pluralism, freedom of speech, press and religion, Egyptian revolution led to the political success of the Islamist groups, such as An-Nour and Muslim Brotherhood, that came to power in 2012. The representative of Muslim Brotherhood Mohammed Morsi held his position of the head of the state for a critically short term: had been elected in the end of June 2012, he was overthrown in the beginning of July 2013 by military coup supported by all the political forces of Egypt as well as Egyptian people, who gathered again in the Tahrir Square. Eventually, the people who had voted for Morsi a year before turned against him as well as political forces that used to support Muslim Brotherhood. He didn’t manage to prove his consistency as the president of the country. A number of factors led to this result. Economic situation in Egypt didn’t improve, democratically elected president launched totally undemocratic initiatives, etc. All these factors may be considered as obviously objective reasons for loosing the power. But Egyptian political environment has specific features that should be taken into account while investigating the reasons and factors of Morsi overthrow in 2013. Had being shaped through previous 30 years of Hosni Mubarak power and firmly rooted in Egyptian society, they couldn’t be changed simultaneously after the revolution. Two key players have been occupied leading positions in Egyptian politics during all this period: business elites and army. Both of them had financial and social base and influenced public opinion in the country. Political situation turned to be even more complicated with the vast number of new parties arouse after the revolt. All these players had an important part in Egyptian politics and should have been taken into account by the president. Moreover, his ability to form relationship with them and gain their loyalty was an important condition for maintaining power. Instead, M. Morsi started confrontation with the leading political forces of Egypt. Apparently, this wrong tactics resulted in his overthrow from the presidency in 2013.
PERILAKU JAJAN PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Aini Siti Qorrotu
Published: December 2019

ENGLISHSnacking behavior is very inherent in elementary school pupils. This study aims to describe the behavior of student’s snacking in elementary schools in the study location. The type of this research is descriptive one. The samples of this research were students of 5th grade. The research used purposive sampling. The number of samples included 68 students. The data in the research consisted of the habits of children's snacking at school and other habits related to snacking behavior. The data were obtained from survey by using questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of students ate snacks at school. Students had breakfast and they did not bring food to school. The student spends averagely IDR 4,000-IDR 5,000.00 to buy snacks per day. Some students buy snacks in the cafeteria or vendors around the school. The students buy snacks averagely 2 times a day during school breaks. Most students usually washed their hands before eating, however some students ever get sick after consuming snacks. Almost all elementary school students in the study area buy snacks even though they are accustomed to have breakfast. Food snacks are also widely bought by students who did not bring food to school. INDONESIAPerilaku jajan sangat melekat pada anak sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan perilaku jajan siswa di Sekolah Dasar dilokasi studi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 5. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 68 siswa. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi kebiasaan jajan anak di sekolah dan kebiasaan lain yang berhubungan dengan kebiasaan jajan. Data diperoleh dari hasil pengisian kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa mengonsumsi jajanan di sekolah. Siswa terbiasa mengonsumsi sarapan dan tidak membawa bekal makanan ke sekolah. Rata-rata siswa menghabiskan uang sebesar Rp4.000,00-Rp5.000,00 per hari untuk membeli makanan jajanan. Sebagian siswa membeli jajanan di kantin atau penjaja di sekitar sekolah. Rata-rata siswa jajan 2 kali dalam sehari pada waktu istirahat sekolah. Sebagian besar siswa terbiasa mencuci tangan sebelum makan, meskipun demikian sebagian siswa pernah sakit setelah mengonsumsi jajanan. Hampir semua Siswa SD di lokasi studi membeli makanan jajanan meskipun  terbiasa makan pagi. Makanan jajanan juga banyak dibeli oleh siswa yang tidak membawa bekal makanan ke sekolah.
Fall Armyworm (FAW) Epidemic in Sri Lanka: Ratnapura District Perspectives
Authors: Perera Nadeeka , Magamage Manjula , Kumara Aruna , Galahitigama Harshana , Dissanayake Kapila , Wekumbura Chandima , Iddamalgoda Prasad , Iddamalgoda Prasad , Siriwardhana Chandana , Yapa Priyantha
Published: December 2019

A recent outbreak of FAW (Spodoptera frugiperda) caused a substantial yield loss in corn was recorded in Sri Lanka especially from Uva, Eastern and North Central provinces. This was first reported in Sri Lanka in August 2018 and over the last six months, the livelihood of the majority of small-scale farming families was greatly affected. National mobilization of resources, agriculture related institutions together with university academia actively participated with the government campaign of combating the pest and improving the livelihood of affected people all over the country. The effort of this short communication is to describe the magnitude of FAW infestation, its implications in Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka and the contribution of the inter-institutional support towards the sustainable management of the Fall ArmyWorm epidemic in Sri Lanka. Amount of land extent used for corn cultivation in Ratnapura district was estimated as 292.65ha, while 32.95 ha were infected with the pest (11.3%). Highest provincial land extent use for corn in Sri Lanka was Uva province where considerable pest damage has been reported. In Uva, total 42436.7 ha were cultivated in maha season where 30998.3 ha has infected and destroyed (73%). Even though corn was cultivated in lower land extent in Ratnapura, effective and organized disaster management response in Ratnapura was able to minimize the pest impact to 11.3% from total losses.
Time–Cost–Quality Trade-Off in a Broiler Production Project Using Meta-Heuristic Algorithms: A Case Study
Authors: Moghadam Erfan Khosravani , Sharifi Mohammad , Rafiee Shahin , Chang Young Ki
Published: December 2019

The global production of broiler meat was forecasted to be 97.8 MT in 2019. The cost fluctuations create risks in production. In order to have an effective management system, process uncertainty must be taken into account. This approach considers the process as an interval with fuzzy numbers and, for managing the risks, it uses the variable α, a parameter determined by the manager in an interval between 0 and 1. Then two algorithms, namely the multi-objective imperialist competitive algorithm (MOICA) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), were compared and applied. Since the process of production has many activities and each activity has possible options, the process does not have a unique solution. Therefore, the objective function and its assigned weights in terms of time, cost, and quality can be applied to select the best solution from those obtained. A vast amount of uncertainty can be observed, and effective management necessitates dealing with these uncertainty issues. The MOPSO algorithm showed better performance than the MOICA algorithm in this problem. Based on fuzzy logic and influenced by the uncertainty condition (α = 0), time, cost, and quality in the MOPSO and the MOICA algorithms were 1793.8 h, $260,571.7, and 46.66%, and 1792.5 h, $260,585.7, and 51.19%, respectively.
Effect of Divergent Selection for Intramuscular Fat Content on Muscle Lipid Metabolism in Chickens
Authors: Liu Lu , Cui Huanxian , Xing Siyuan , Zhao Guiping , Wen Jie
Published: December 2019

Intramuscular fat (IMF)—an important factor affecting meat quality—can be appropriately increased by genetic selection. Chicken lines divergently selected for IMF content were used in this study to investigate the mechanisms behind differential IMF deposition. Sixty 15th generation chickens were genotyped using the IASCHICK 55K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. After quality control, 59 chickens and 36,893 SNPs were available for subsequent analysis. Population structure assessment indicated that the lines were genetically differentiated. Based on the top 1% paired fixation index values, three pathways were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched, and nine genes were considered candidate genes for differential IMF deposition. Differences between the lines in the expressions of representative genes involved in the above pathways were detected in 16th generation chickens. This study suggests that genetic selection for increased IMF in the pectoralis major muscle may enhance fatty acid synthesis, transport, and esterification, and reduce triglyceride hydrolysis. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, glycerolipid metabolism, and fatty acid degradation pathway may have contributed to the differences in IMF deposition between the lines. These results contribute to the understanding of the genetic mechanisms behind IMF deposition, and the improvement of chicken meat quality.