bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roles creadores de los contextos en el recorrido interpretativo de los pasajes
Authors: Chollier Christine
Published: March 2024

Este artículo recuerda dos de las hipótesis planteadas en semántica de los textos. La primera concierne al papel creador de los contextos en torno a la interpretación. La práctica interpretativa incita a devolver los problemas a su contexto: vecindario (sintagma, periodo); otros pasajes del texto elegidos por asimilación o disimilación; otros pasajes de otros textos escogidos como interpretantes externos. Esta contextualización interpretativa permite validar rasgos inherentes o actualizar por propagación rasgos aferentes. Transforma la interpretación en actividad (doing) más que en resultado (done).La segunda hipótesis sugiere que una obra comprende secuencias desiguales desde un punto de vista tanto cualitativo como cuantitativo. Estos lugares del texto son pasajes, siendo que una parte de la obra pasa por ellos, y que los fondos y las formas son susceptibles de sufrir allí modificaciones.El propósito del artículo es cruzar estas dos hipótesis para ponerlas a prueba en uno o varios textos: seguir una tipología de los papeles creadores de los contextos con el fin de subrayar la función de pasaje y de justificar la plausibilidad de una interpretación.Los textos serán extraídos, entre otros, de la novela distópica, The Handmaid’s Tale, de la canadiense Margaret Atwood.
La construcción de sentido: el caso de los enunciados metafóricos y el discurso académico
Authors: Hall Beatriz
Published: March 2024

En las últimas décadas, el discurso académico se ha convertido en objeto de estudio de numerosas investigaciones que, a partir de diferentes marcos teóricos, proponen distintos objetivos.Por otra parte, si bien la llamada metáfora ha sido motivo de reflexión teórica desde la antigüedad, en los últimos años la cantidad y variedad de estudios que se han desarrollado y siguen desarrollándose en torno a este objeto de estudio ha aumentado considerablemente. En tal contexto de múltiples propuestas teóricas y metodológicas, este trabajo tiene por objetivo demostrar que, tanto el estudio de la metáfora como el del discurso académico, involucra decisivamente conceptos que no siempre aparecen explicitados. Nos referimos, entre otros, a los conceptos de lengua, sujeto, sentido, sentido literal y sentido metafórico. Por nuestra parte, desde un punto de vista semántico discursivo noreferencialista de la lengua (Schulz, 2000; 2002; 2004), recogemos los aportes provenientes del Análisis del Discurso (línea francesa-brasileña). Así, partimos de la definición de discurso como efecto de sentido entre locutores y lo estudiamos en su relación constitutiva con las condiciones de producción. Entendemos que las condiciones de producción y circulación de los textos se materializan en mecanismos discursivos, según las representaciones imaginarias de los sujetos.  De acuerdo con esta línea investigativa, finalmente, proponemos caracterizar las llamadas metáforas como construcciones semánticas insertas en una dinámica discuriva y, en este sentido, las redefinimos como enunciados metafóricos.
Presentación
Authors: González Ochoa César
Published: March 2024

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La estratificación del espacio psicoterapéutico
Authors: Darrault-Harris Ivan
Published: March 2024

El artículo aborda la descripción y el análisis del espacio invisible de la relación psicoterapéútica incrustado en la arquitectura bien visible de los lugares institucionalizados de atención médica. Este espacio aparece como una estratificación de niveles en relación mutua de presuposición: el nivel enunciativo y discursivo presupone la existencia del nivel de envoltura, que a su vez presupone la solidez del nivel del pacto ético, el nivel fundamental de dicho espacio. Por si fuera poco, el espacio invisible de la relación psicoterapéutica tiene que construirse sobre bases nuevas para cada paciente, muy particularmente en lo que se refiere al nivel enunciativo y discursivo ya que se le propone, en el marco de la concepción arte-terapia de esta relación de ayuda, la elección de una mediación, de una sustancia precisa de creación.
Reseñas
Authors: Solís Zepeda Maria Luisa , Aca Cholula José Omar , Arias González Xochitl , Gallegos Sánchez Jonás
Published: March 2024

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El sosiego ritual
Authors: Solís Zepeda María Luisa , Fontanille Jacques
Published: March 2024

En el artículo se abordan las características generales del ritual siguiendo los trabajos antropológicos de Victor Turner e Ingrid Geist. Se plantea algunas reformulaciones desde la semiótica, sobre todo, focalizando el interés en el tema del tiempo. Los autores proponen considerar tres tiempos que interactúan: el de la existencia, el de la experiencia y un tiempo singular que conjuga los dos antes mencionados: un tempo constituido por la repetición, la lentitud y la celeridad. Éste sería el tiempo propio del ritual. Para sostener esta propuesta se analiza un ritual de la Semana Santa católica y el de penitencia de los disciplinantes de San Vicente de la Sonsierra (La Rioja, España), el cual es un ritual representativo de la problemática abordada.
Paciente espera
Authors: Casasco Guillermina
Published: March 2024

Entendida como impronunciable, el momento de revelación de la verdad se correspondería con el silencio. La consideración del tema de la lentitud que aquí se examina parte del supuesto de que la manifestación de la verdad en el discurso es incompleta. Asimismo, coherente con el movimiento de búsqueda incesante de la verdad, el deseo se sostiene en la renovada suspensión del encuentro con el objeto que lo satisfaría. A la luz de los lenguajes poético y religioso esta propuesta aborda la lentitud bajo la forma de la espera que se manifiesta en el encuentro con el obstáculo y en el desplazamiento del momento revelador del sentido. La presencia del tiempo desde la perspectiva del deseo en la escritura poética y en sus relaciones con el acto religioso es analizada en versos de San Juan de la Cruz y en otras formaciones rituales ejemplares.
علم العمران الخلدوني
Authors: الذوادي محمود
Published: March 2024

تتبنى هذه المقالة رؤية غير تقليدية في تحليل الموقع الريادي لابن خلدون في إنشاء علم العمران البشري؛ إذ طالما نُظرإلى أن علم العمران البشري حصادٌ لاحتكاك صاحب المقدمة مع البدو والحضر في المجتمعات المغاربية خاصة. لقد نقد ابن خلدون المؤرخين العرب والمسلمين بسبب الخلل في منهجيتهم وتحليلهم للأحداث التاريخية؛ إذ إن مؤلفات هؤلاء كانت ضعيفة المصداقية؛ فعلم التاريخ العربي الإسلامي كان في أزمة حسب رؤية فيلسوف العلوم توماس كون. ومن ثمَّ، فعلم العمران البشري هو عبارة عن بردايم جديد لحل تلك الأزمة؛ وذلك بتغيير علم التاريخ من علمٍ عاديٍّ إلى علم ثوري -حسب منظور كون- يمثل مشكاة لعلم الاجتماع العربي الإسلامي المعاصر. ففكر المقدمة أحدث ثورة في العلاقة بين علميْ التاريخ والاجتماع؛ إذ صفوة علماء التاريخ يجب أن يكونوا أولاً علماء اجتماع جيدين، حتى يتمكنوا من أن يكونوا مؤرخين صادقين.
Bilsem Öğretmenlerinin Web 2.0 Araçlarıyla İlgili Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Kıroglu Elif Sanem , Güven Ufuk
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı BİLSEM’lerde görev yapan öğretmenlerin Web 2.0 araçlarıyla ilgili görüşlerini incelemektir. Bu bağlamda BİLSEM’de görev yapan öğretmenlerin Web 2.0 araçlarıyla ilgili görüşlerini etkileyen faktörler, en sık kullanılanlar, kullanım avantajları ve dezavantajları, öğretmenlere kazandırdığı kişisel ve sosyal yaşam kazanımları, hangi kaynaklardan tavsiye aldıkları yerleri belirlemek için nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma Marmara Bölgesinde bulunan bir ilimizde BİLSEM’de görev yapan 10 öğretmenle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile yapılmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda genel olarak BİLSEM öğretmenlerinin Web 2.0 araçları ile ilgili olarak; araçlardan haberdar oldukları, araçları ilk kez E Twinning katıldıkları eğitimler ve sosyal medya ile tanıdıkları, araçlar sayesinde iletişim, teknoloji kullanımı ve mesleki becerilerini artırdıkları bulunurken, en sık Canva uygulamasını kullandıkları ve tavsiye ettikleri bulunmuştur. Ancak öğretmenler Web 2.0 araçları kullanırken özellikle donanımsal ihtiyaçlar ve Web 2.0 araçlarından kaynaklı sorunlar yaşadıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Validación del cuestionario EORTC QLQ -CR29 para evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud de personas adultas con cáncer colorrectal en Chile
Authors: Lorca Parraguez Luz Alejandra , Sacomori Cinara , Pizarro Marta , Leao Ribeiro Ivana , Vidal Rodrigo , Rebolledo Gonzalo Rebolledo
Published: March 2024

Introducción: Personas con cáncer colorrectal (CCR) pueden presentar efectos adversos, perjudicando la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (CVRS).Objetivo: Validar el módulo QLQ CR2-9 para evaluación de la CVRS, en Chile. Materiales y método: Estudio transversal que incluyó 170 personas con CCR. Se analizaron la consistencia interna y validez de constructo del instrumento con test de hipótesis.Resultados: 117 personas (68,8%) fueron evaluadas antes de la cirugía y 53 (31,2%) después de la cirugía. La consistencia interna del QLQ CR-29 fue α=0,838. Fueron comprobadas las hipótesis planteadas: Los pacientes evaluados antes de la cirugía se quejaron más de “sangre/mucosidad en las heces”, “dolor abdominal”, “pérdida de cabello” e “hinchazón abdominal”, mientras que los pacientes evaluados después presentaron más “incontinencia fecal” (p<0,05). Antes de la cirugía, los pacientes con CCR presentaron mayores valores de “frecuencia urinaria”, “frecuencia de deposiciones”, “dolor en las nalgas”, “problemas con el gusto” y “vergüenza”; mientras que aquellos con cáncer de colon que se quejaban más de “sangre/mucosidad en las heces” (p<0,05). Después de la cirugía, los pacientes con cáncer de recto tenían mayor “frecuencia de deposiciones”, “eliminación de gases” y “vergüenza” (p=0,004) en comparación con los con cáncer de colon (p<0,05). Los pacientes ostomizados presentaron más “incontinencia fecal” y “vergüenza” (p<0,001). Fueron observadas correlaciones positivas y negativas bajas entre la mayoría de las dimensiones del QLQ C-29 con las dimensiones del QLQ C-30. Conclusión: La versión chilena del módulo QLQ CR-29 es adecuada para evaluar la CVRS en personas con CCR.
RESULTADOS DE LA ESOFAGUECTOMÍA MINIMAMENTE INVASIVA POR CÁNCER DE ESÓFAGO A MEDIO Y LARGO PLAZO.
Authors: Forneiro Pérez Rocío , Ubiña Martínez Juan Alfredo , Lendínez Romero Inmaculada
Published: March 2024

Introducción: La esofagectomía es actualmente el tratamiento curativo del cáncer de esófago. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer los resultados de la esofaguectomía mínimamente invasiva a corto y medio plazo en pacientes intervenidos de carcinoma epidermoide y adenocarcinoma de esófago en nuestro hospital.Material y métodos: Se recogieron 19 pacientes desde enero de 2020 hasta junio de 2021 y se realizó el seguimiento a todos ellos durante 20 meses. Se recogieron diferentes variables relacionadas con el paciente, el tumor, la cirugía y referentes al postoperatorio. Los datos fueron almacenados y procesados usando el software estadístico R-Comander asumiendo un error α de 0,05.Resultados: La mediana de estancia hospitalaria total fue de 29 días. Seis pacientes, precisaron de reingreso en Reanimación: dos por shock séptico secundario a la fuga de anastomosis grado III, uno por hemorragia digestiva alta y los tres por insuficiencia respiratoria. A los 90 días reingresaron un 5,3% del total de pacientes. No se produjeron fallecimientos en los tres meses siguientes a la cirugía. Todos los pacientes presentaron una supervivencia mayor de seis meses. La supervivencia global a seis, 12 y 18 meses se sitúa en 100, 84 y 63%. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad a los tres meses fue del 84%, a los 6 meses del 63% y al año el 58%.Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos en nuestro estudio coinciden con lo que hay reflejado en la literatura. Por tanto, la esofagectomía mínimamente invasiva es una técnica efectiva en el tratamiento del cáncer de esófago.
Projetos formativos em educação escolar de jovens e adultos: as pesquisas sobre ensino de biologia da área de avaliação educação da CAPES (1997-2019)
Authors: Beatriz Mendes de Assunção Júlia , Martins de Avelar Lucas , de Deus Paranhos Rones
Published: March 2024

Este estudo é do tipo “estado do conhecimento”, e analisa a produção científica dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros da área de avaliação Educação da CAPES que versam sobre o Ensino de Biologia na EJA, publicados entre 1997 e 2019. O Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES foi utilizado como banco de dados. Foram utilizadas, ainda, pesquisas do tipo estado da arte sobre Ensino de Biologia na EJA como catálogos de apoio. Foram levantadas 24 produções distribuídas entre os anos de 2004 e 2017, dentre as quais, 12 foram analisadas, por serem pesquisas realizadas no contexto da Educação Escolar na modalidade. Com base na categorização de projetos formativos de Educação Escolar proposta por Paranhos (2017), buscou-se identificá-los nas produções levantadas. Foi identificada a sobreposição de projetos formativos em oito dos 12 trabalhos analisados. Levando em conta a especificidade de cada projeto, os resultados revelam uma contradição expressa pelos autores(as) do campo quanto à compreensão da função da escola e à falta de demarcação do seu real papel na formação dos educandos(as) da EJA. A pesquisa sinaliza a urgência do fortalecimento dos debates político-pedagógicos nos cursos de formação inicial e continuada de professores, para que esses sujeitos possam analisar criticamente sua atividade pedagógica e compreender os projetos formativos nela imbricados.
Subjetividades do vir a ser docente em uma prática enquanto componente curricular (PeCC) do IFFar: a docência na EJA – EPT (PROEJA)
Authors: Keske Cátia , Carolina Ernst Daniela , Cristina Pansera-de-Araújo Maria
Published: March 2024

Neste texto, abordamos uma das práticas profissionais dos Cursos de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas e em Química de um Instituto Federal. O objetivo é mapear, por meio de Cartografia, diferentes movimentos de compreensões em escritas de sujeitos em vir a ser docente sobre ou a partir de sua experiência em uma Prática enquanto Componente Curricular (PeCC), voltada à Educação Profissional na modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Entendendo a experiência enquanto experimentação, três linhas cartográficas foram identificadas: postura de recusa à concepção tradicional de currículo; reconhecimento de especificidades dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem de jovens e adultos no contexto da educação profissional; e dificuldade de reconhecer e anunciar a teoria que subsidia o pensar uma proposta pedagógica. Subjetivamente, em cada uma das escritas, desvelamos ditos que mostram o desejo de lidar diferentemente com as formas já conhecidas de docência na EJA – EPT (PROEJA).
A EJA na pandemia: iniciativas de educação remota na escola pública e o fracasso da política neoliberal
Authors: Vaccaro Teer Jacqueline , Tarcísio Reis Jonas , Luiz Ayres Gonzaga Jorge
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho trata da educação remota para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) e tem por objetivo discutir a sua oferta diante da pandemia do Coronavírus em Porto Alegre. Para isso, descrevemos as iniciativas adotadas com esta finalidade, no período de um ano, por uma escola pública da rede municipal, e as comparamos com a proposta ofertada pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação. A metodologia utilizada é a análise dialética e a análise do discurso (VOLÒCHINOV, 2017) contida na documentação orientadora da mantenedora, do contexto social em que a escola está inserida e das práticas pedagógicas realizadas pela escola dentro do contexto do neoliberalismo. A análise de tal situação, tendo como base o retorno dos alunos da EJA da escola observada, aponta para o aprofundamento da política pública do neoliberalismo educacional e da desigualdade social em relação ao acesso à educação formal, ainda que os professores estejam comprometidos e sobrecarregados pela demanda de trabalho. Os motivos estão relacionados à escassez de recursos nas escolas públicas que garantam a universalização do acesso à educação remota, à falta de investimento em inclusão digital por parte da gestão da rede e à carência dos seus estudantes no que concerne aos meios (tecnológicos e financeiros) capazes de subsidiá-la.
Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Cabai Rawit Di Desa Kombi Kecamatan Kombi Kabupaten Minahasa
Authors: Rawung Michelle Lovely , Rumagit Grace Adonia Josephia , Pangemanan Paulus Adrian
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the income of cayenne pepper farming in Kombi Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency. The research was conducted from July to August 2023. This research was conducted in Kombi Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency. The data collection method used is by collecting primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews with cayenne pepper farmers in Kombi Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency using questions that had been prepared in the form of a questionnaire. Secondary data were obtained from data from the agriculture office and other sources related to the research. The sampling method used in the study was probability sampling technique, namely sampling that provides equal opportunities for each member of the population to be selected as a sample member. Researchers took a sample of 8 cayenne pepper farmers who already had production results in Kombi Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency. Data analysis used descriptive quantitative analysis in determining production costs, revenue, income, and R / C ratio. The results showed that cayenne pepper farming in Kombi Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency obtained an income of IDR56.347.923 per farmer per one planting season, and income per hectare was obtained at IDR150.187.532, and the results of the R / C Ratio analysis obtained 4,21 which means it is feasible to cultivate.
A Novel Automated Feature Extraction Method for Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Mechanical Systems
Authors: Voulgaris Zacharias , Sconyers Chris
Published: March 2024

A novel approach to feature extraction, capable of generating a number of robust features in an automated way, is introduced. Although the proposed method focuses on features on the frequency domain for vibration data related to rotating mechanical systems, it can be extended on different types of features. The method comprises of two simple models for the feature generation and a Particle Swarm Optimization system for establishing optimum or near optimum parameters for these models. The generated features are evaluated with a number of metrics, before they are used for diagnosis purposes. The features derive from real-world data related to a case of corroded bearings in a helicopter system. The extracted features of the proposed method are compared with some which were manually generated, and the former are found to be of superior quality. A series of diagnosis experiments based on the best extracted features was carried out. The results of these experiments appear to validate the performance of the automatically generated features.
A multi-mode structural health monitoring system for wind turbine blades and components
Authors: B. Owen Robert , J. Inman Daniel , S. Ha Dong
Published: March 2024

The Adverse Event Detection (AED) system described in this paper supports nondestructive evaluation (NDE) systems and evaluates advanced composite structures such as wind turbine blades. AED is a joint effort by Extreme Diagnostics and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech). AED uses the impedance method to monitor bulk structural integrity, wave propagation methods to assess surfaces, and acoustic emission (AE) structural health monitoring (SHM) to detect adverse events such as impacts. The incorporation of AE methods significantly increases the sensor coverage area, which is crucial in health monitoring of large-scale structures like wind turbine blades. Our AED system provides on-line assessment of structural integrity during normal operations, as opposed to traditional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods that are commonly applied off-line—that is, systems must be shut down for inspection by conventional NDE. Our AED system not only provides timely information during operation, it can also reveal defects that only become apparent under operational stress—such defects can be overlooked by traditional off-line inspection methods. AED actively examines structures across several length and time scales in an autonomous fashion, thus greatly reducing the number of sensors required and lowering system complexity and cost. Our early AED prototype demonstrated impedance-based SHM in wind turbine blades. This project integrates three previously independent SHM approaches, and demonstrates damage detection on a composite structure. Our current AED prototype is a low-power, wireless, and embeddable sensor that detects incipient damage in near real-time and automatically provides early warning of structural damage. Our AED system is also suited to a variety of aerospace applications that include composite overwrapped pressure vessels. AED also supports Homeland Security, and furthers national preparedness by monitoring infrastructure integrity and disaster response by providing damage assessment.
A Statistical Wavelet-Based Process for Systems Catastrophic Failure Precursor Detection
Authors: Diallo Ousmane , Mavris Dimitri
Published: March 2024

As a consequence of the recent deregulation in the electrical power production industry, new private entrepreneurs with no prior experience in the power plant operation have entered into the power generation business. They hedge the business risks by outsourcing the operation and maintenance activities to third party service providers with whom they share risks/rewards of plant performance. The main maintenance providers are the original equipment manufacturers, who are responsible for the majority of the cost associated with unplanned outages. With the cost-benefit of preventing such unplanned outage as a gas turbine compressor failure hovering around the twenty million dollars mark, techniques for detecting failure precursors to avoid or limit the number of systems catastrophic failure are necessary. In this paper, a methodical process is proposed to detect precursory events that lead to catastrophic systems failure. The wavelet packet transform is used to perform multi-resolution analysis of gas turbines health, condition and vibration sensors data to extract their signal features. Then the probabilistic principal component analysis is utilized to fuse them into a few uncorrelated variables. Next a one-dimensional signal representing the multi-variables data is computed. After that the statistical process control techniques is applied to set the anomaly threshold. Finally, a Bayesian hypothesis testing method is applied for abnormality detection to the monitored signal. As a proof of concept, the proposed process is successfully applied to a gas turbine compressor failure precursor detection.
Effectiveness of Empirical Mode Decomposition Based Features Compared to Kurtosis Based Features for Diagnosis of Pinion Crack Detection in a Helicopter
Authors: Ly Canh , Ranney Kenneth , Tom Kwok , Khatri Hiralal , Decker Harry
Published: March 2024

Features based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) of measured vibration data were developed for a Bell OH-58 helicopter main rotor gearbox. A tooth on the input pinion of the gearbox was notched and run for an extended period at several over-torque conditions to induce a tooth fracture. Vibration data were recorded at regular intervals until a tooth fractured. The EMD features were found to be more sensitive to the gearbox condition than the kurtosis-based feature (FM4), and they diagnosed the onset of cracked tooth much earlier.
Fabrication of a Multi-Physics Integral Structural Diagnostic System Utilizing Nano-Engineered Materials
Authors: S. Kessler Seth , Raghavan Ajay , T. Dunn Christopher , S. Wicks Sunny , Guzman deVilloria Roberto , L. Wardle Brian
Published: March 2024

Composites present additional challenges for inspection due to their heterogeneity and anisotropy, and since damage often occurs beneath their surface. Currently successful laboratory non-destructive methods, such as X-ray and C-scans, are impractical for inspection of large integrated structures. It is clear that new approaches for inspection of composites need to be developed. During the present research, multiple carbon nanotube (CNT) based NDE & SHM techniques were investigated to resolve these issues. Aligned CNTs offer excellent mechanical toughness improvements for traditional composite laminates, and additionally enable multifunctional capabilities through piezoresistive properties and greatly enhanced electrical and thermal conductivity. This paper introduces the fabrication of fuzzy-fiber reinforced plastic (FFRP) composite laminates uses CNTs, and presents results for multiple CNT-enhanced laminates that were electroded using direct-write techniques and subject to impact damage. A resistive-based method was used to create a detailed damage map of the effected zone. Finally, demonstrations are also described for multiple alternative CNT-based NDE approaches that were explored.
Integration of Remote Sensing and Risk Analysis for Airframe Structural Integrity Assessment
Authors: Cope D. , Cronenberger J. , Kozak K. , Schrader K. , Smith L. , Thwing C.
Published: March 2024

Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) investigated the feasibility of integrating remote sensing technology with probability of failure analyses into a monitoring system capable of assessing the structural integrity of critical airframe components. The project demonstrated the viability of remote sensing to discern structural flaw growth along with the integration of sensor data with crack growth analyses in order to assess the health and integrity of a critical structural component. The demonstration was performed on a complicated aircraft structural component that has limited accessibility with realistic loading. The technical approach employed for developing the structural health monitoring system included (1) detailed stress analyses of a critical structural component, (2) crack growth analyses to predict the structural component’s fatigue life, (3) a damage sensor system to monitor the structural components and capture degradation mechanisms during fatigue testing, (4) reasoning algorithms to integrate damage sensor data with crack growth analyses in order to assess the current structural health and integrity of the component, and (5) predictions of the component’s structural capability and remaining useful life on a periodic basis. Researchers used Bayesian principles to estimate flaw sizes based on both sensor readings and crack growth analyses, which were then used for periodic structural health and integrity assessments. Results validated how fatigue life predictions and probability of failure assessments can be improved with more accurate estimates of actual flaw sizes and continual structural health monitoring.
Advanced diagnostics of position sensors for the actuation systems of high-speed tilting trains
Authors: Jacazio Giovanni , Risso Denise , Sorli Massimo , Tomassini Lorenzo
Published: March 2024

Trains tilting permits a train to travel at a high speed while maintaining an acceptable passenger ride quality with respect to the lateral acceleration, and the consequent lateral force, received by the passengers when the train travels on a curved track at a speed in excess of the balance speed built into the curve geometry. The tilting of a train carbody is performed by a control and actuation system which operates as a closed servoloop accepting the commands from the train control system, generating the torque necessary to tilt the carbody with respect to the bogie and measuring the tilt angle to close the control loop. Measurement of the tilt angle of each train vehicle is performed by two sensors located in the front and rear part of the vehicle. Since a correct tilt angle measurement is vital for the system operation and for ensuring a safe ride, in case of discrepancy between the signals of the two tilt angle sensors of any vehicle, the tilting operation is disabled and the train speed is reduced. An innovative tilt angle sensors health management system is herein presented that makes intelligent use of all available information to allow detection of malfunctioning of an individual tilt angle sensor, thereby enabling a continued operation of the tilting system and a high speed travel after a sensor failure occurs.
A Three-Dimensional Receiver Operator Characteristic Surface Diagnostic Metric
Authors: L. Simon Donald
Published: March 2024

Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves are commonly applied as metrics for quantifying the performance of binary fault detection systems. An ROC curve provides a visual representation of a detection system’s True Positive Rate versus False Positive Rate sensitivity as the detection threshold is varied. The area under the curve provides a measure of fault detection performance independent of the applied detection threshold. While the standard ROC curve is well suited for quantifying binary fault detection performance, it is not suitable for quantifying the classification performance of multi-fault classification problems. Furthermore, it does not provide a measure of diagnostic latency. To address these shortcomings, a novel three-dimensional receiver operator characteristic (3D ROC) surface metric has been developed. This is done by generating and applying two separate curves: the standard ROC curve reflecting fault detection performance, and a second curve reflecting fault classification performance. A third dimension, diagnostic latency, is added giving rise to three-dimensional ROC surfaces. Applying numerical integration techniques, the volumes under and between the surfaces are calculated to produce metrics of the diagnostic system’s detection and classification performance. This paper will describe the 3D ROC surface metric in detail, and present an example of its application for quantifying the performance of aircraft engine gas path diagnostic methods. Metric limitations and potential enhancements are also discussed.
Theoretical Background and Prognostic Modeling for Benchmarking SHM Sensors for Composite Structures
Authors: Smelyanski Vadim , Hafiychuk Vasyl , G. Luchinsky Dmitry , Banks Curtis , Conn Chris , Miller Jim , Watson Mike
Published: March 2024

This paper reports on analytical as well as computer simulation of waves propagating in sandwich-type composite structures. Sandwich-type composites are being studied for use in NASA’s new heavy lift launch vehicle, and flaw detection is crucial for safety and for failure prognostics. Theoretical analysis, as well as numerical modeling, is needed for benchmarking of available technologies for structural health monitoring (SHM) sensors and sensor systems. This benchmarking activity is important for answering the basic question of what minimum flaw size can be detected by the existing SHM based monitoring methods. Sandwich panels with foam, WebCore and honeycomb structures were considered for use in this study. Eigenmode frequency analysis and Frequency Response Analysis of the panels were made to understand fundamental properties of the panel physics and limitations that may affect the application of current SHM sensors and methods. An analytical study of the transient wave propagation is considered based on Mindlin plate theory. The mathematical model, accompanied by numerical simulations, shows that small size defects can be recognized but the frequency of waves should be sufficiently high. It is concluded that a combination of analytical results coupled with the high-fidelity simulations should make it possible to analyze experimental data and to predict the applicability of SHM methods for this type of structure.
Characterizing Streaks in Printed Images: A Matching Pursuit Method using Wavelet Decomposition
Authors: Liu Juan , Wu Wencheng , Price Bob , Hamby Eric , Minhas Raj
Published: March 2024

Printed pages from industrial printers can exhibit a number of defects. One of the common defects and a key driver of maintenance costs is the line streak. This paper describes an efficient streak characterization method for automatically interpreting scanned images using the matching pursuit algorithm. This method progressively finds dominant streaks in signal profiles. It uses wavelet decomposition to speed up the element selection process and reduce computation complexity. Previous approaches require the design engineer to pre-specify the characteristics for each possible streak that could be detected – an approach which is practically limited to detecting a few streak types in specific locations. The Matching Pursuit algorithm, inc contrast, fully characterizes any and all streaks found on the scanned page permitting a generic analysis of a broad range of defects found in the field.
Detecting injector deactivation failure modes in diesel engines using time and order domain approaches
Authors: Lebold Mitchell , Pflumm Scott , Banks Jeffrey , Bednar Jonathon , Reichard Karl , Fischer Kenneth , Stempnik Joseph
Published: March 2024

This paper documents the investigation of fuel injector fault detection methods for a seven liter diesel engine. This effort was conducted for the Tank Automotive Research Development Engineering Center (TARDEC) Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) team. The task was to develop algorithms capable of real-time detection of injector misfire events. The purpose of this task was to enable TARDEC’s Engine Control Management (ECM) research and development efforts to evaluate the technical feasibility of integrating automated on-board condition monitoring algorithms with future ECM monitoring and control operations.
A Comparison Study of Methods for Parameter Estimation in the Physics-based Prognostics
Authors: An Dawn , Choi Joo-Ho , Ho Kim Nam
Published: March 2024

Prediction of remaining useful life of a system is important for safety and maintenance scheduling. In the physics-based prognostics, the accuracy of predicted remaining useful life is directly related to that of estimated model parameters. It, however, is not a simple task to estimate the model parameters because most real systems have multivariate model parameters, which are often correlated each other. This paper mainly discusses the difference in estimating model parameters among different prognostics methods: the particle filter method, the overall Bayesian method, and the incremental Bayesian method. These methods are based on the same theoretical foundation, Bayesian inference, but they are different from each other in the sampling scheme and/or uncertainty analysis process. A simple analytical example and the Paris model for crack growth are used to demonstrate the difference among the three methods in terms of prognostics metrics. The numerical results show that particle filter and overall Bayesian methods outperform the incremental Bayesian method. Even though the particle filter shows slightly better results in terms of prognostics metrics, the overall Bayesian method is efficient when batch data exist.
A Cost-Benefit Approach to Evaluating Engine Health Monitoring Systems
Authors: Gordon Grant , Hickenbottom Chris , Mylaraswamy Dinkar
Published: March 2024

Condition-based maintenance (CBM) enables fleet-level decisions that increase readiness, increase time between overhaul (TBO) and reduce inspections. Since engines account for a significant portion in overall maintenance cost drivers, detection of incipient faults is an important element of the overall CBM equation. The last few years have seen significant progress in design, development and deployment of engine health monitoring. In order for such potential health monitoring solutions to be operationally viable, they must integrate with existing engine designs and maintenance processes. That is, technical factors must be balanced against economic and operational benefits.

A Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is used to provide a comparison of alternative solutions that decision-makers can use to identify the most cost-effective approach to CBM. In this paper we describe our approach to developing the underlying value capture expressions for monetizing cost and benefits. We illustrate the approach to evaluate two options for mechanical components health monitoring techniques for a gas turbine engine. We conclude the paper with how CBA summary results can be presented to a decision maker.
Filter Clogging Data Collection for Prognostics
Authors: F. Eker O. , Camci F. , K. Jennions I.
Published: March 2024

Filtration is a critical process in many industrial systems to obtain the desired level of purification for liquids or gas. Air, fuel, and oil filters are the most common examples in industrial systems. Filter clogging is the main failure mode leading to filter replacement or undesired outcomes such as reduced performance and efficiency or cascading failures. For example, contaminants in fuel (e.g. rust particles, paint chips, dirt involved into fuel while tank is filling, tank moisture rust) may lead to performance reduction in the engine and rapid wear in the pump. Prognostics has potential to avoid cost and increase safety when applied to filters. One of the main challenges of prognostics is the lack of failure degradation data obtained from industrial systems. This paper presents the process of design and building of an experimental rig to obtain prognostics data for filter clogging mechanism and data obtained from the rig. Two types of filters have been used during the accelerated filter clogging and 23 run-to-failure data have been collected. Flow rate and pressure sensors are used for condition monitoring purposes. The filter clogging has been recorded through a camera to evaluate the findings with pressure and flow sensors. The data collected is very promising for development of prognostics methodologies.
Bringing the Aircraft System Health Management Tool to Life Using the Informatica Tool Suite
Authors: Peters Glenn , Mosher Mark , Carlson Chris
Published: March 2024

Earlier this year, UTC Aerospace Systems introduced the Aircraft System Health Management (ASHM) Tool, a web application that takes in Aircraft Condition Monitoring Function (ACMF) reports for selected subsystems and components of an aircraft platform, parses and processes the reported parameters against thresholds and computes estimated or expected values for some key parameters, and serves the report data and the processed results as part of a fleet view available to airline and maintenance users.

The ASHM application uses Informatica PowerCenter to parse and store incoming report data and Informatica RulePoint to apply alert rules and analytic processing to the report data as it is persisted to the ASHM database. This paper describes how UTC Aerospace Systems has leveraged a commercial off-the-shelf tool suite rather than continue to build custom components for the ASHM architecture, with the goals of achieving a short development cycle, robust transaction processing, and scalability to other aircraft systems and other aircraft platforms.

Instead of building tools from scratch that would need to be reworked as the application scales, a set of scalable tools that suit the task at hand and in the future were selected. The full suite of tools, beyond what has been implemented so far, appears to provide capability to address data integrity, reliability and performance as the application grows.
Web Based Prognostics and 24/7 Monitoring
Authors: Strautkalns Miryam , Robinson Peter
Published: March 2024

We created a general framework for analysts to store and view data in a way that removes the boundaries created by operating systems, programming languages, and proximity. With the advent of HTML5 and CSS3 with JavaScript the distribution of information is limited to only those who lack a browser. We created a framework based on the methodology: one server, one web based application. Additional benefits are increased opportunities for collaboration. Today the idea of a group in a single room is antiquated. Groups will communicate and collaborate with others from other universities, organizations, as well as other continents across times zones. There are many varieties of data gathering and condition-monitoring software available as well as companies who specialize in customizing software to individual applications. One single group will depend on multiple languages, environments, and computers to oversee recording and collaborating with one another in a single lab. The heterogeneous nature of the system creates challenges for seamless exchange of data and ideas between members. To address these limitations we designed a framework to allow users seamless accessibility to their data. Our framework was deployed using the data feed on the NASA Ames’ planetary rover testbed. Our paper demonstrates the process and implementation we followed on the rover.
Maintenance Planning Optimization Based on PHM Information and Spare Parts Availability
Authors: Ramos Rodrigues Leonardo , Yoneyama Takashi
Published: March 2024

Maintenance planning plays an important role in assets management because it directly affects assets availability. In the aviation industry, maintenance planning becomes even more important due to the high availability expectations from aircraft operators and the high costs incurred when an aircraft becomes out of service. Gathering and combining all the relevant information to generate an optimized maintenance planning is not a simple task because the number of variables to be considered is high. The aim of this paper is to present a new model to plan maintenance interventions, using RUL (Remaining Useful Life) estimations obtained from a PHM (Prognostics and Health Monitoring) system. This information is used to verify whether spare parts will be available when the next failures are expected to occur. Since spare parts are finite resources, the goal of the proposed model is to reduce the probability that multiple similar components will fail in a short period of time because, when it happens, there is not enough time to repair all failed components and fleet availability is penalized. To avoid this situation, the model suggests the anticipation of some replacements. This paper presents a simulation comparing a situation in which PHM information is not available with the proposed model in terms of fleet availability and investment in spare parts. Life cycle cost considering a time horizon of 15 years was also computed in simulations. The results showed that the proposed model allowed an increase in fleet availability and a reduction in the lifecycle cost.
Rotor Track and Balance Improvements
Authors: Bechhoefer Eric , Fang Austin , Garcia Ephrahim
Published: March 2024

Vibration derived from the main rotor dynamics and imbalance causes premature wear to the aircraft components, and can cause pilot fatigue. While improvements have been made in rotor track and balance (RTB) techniques; there is room to enhance the quality of the recommended RTB adjustments.

One aspect that limits the development of RTB algorithms is the difficulty in quantifying the performance of new algorithms. This is because there are limited data sets to work on, and no agreed upon metrics on which to measure RTB performance.This paper develops a methodology to simulate the vibration due to injecting a fault into the rotor system, and demonstrates metrics to evaluate the performance of a RTB algorithm. A new Bayes RTB method is evaluated against a standard least squares technique. In addition, a technique is presented to automate the selection of active adjustments.
Accommodating Repair Actions into Gas Turbine Prognostics
Authors: Skaf Zakwan , A Zaidan Martha , F Harrison Robert , R Mills Andrew
Published: March 2024

Elements of gas turbine degradation, such as compressor fouling, are recoverable through maintenance actions like compressor washing. These actions increase the usable engine life and optimise the performance of the gas turbine. However, these maintenance actions are performed by a separate organization to those undertaking fleet management operations, leading to significant uncertainty in the maintenance state of the asset. The uncertainty surrounding maintenance actions impacts prognostic efficacy. In this paper, we adopt Bayesian on-line change point detection to detect the compressor washing events. Then, the event detection information is used as an input to a prognostic algorithm, advising an update to the estimation of remaining useful life. To illustrate the capability of the approach, we demonstrated our on-line Bayesian change detection algorithms on synthetic and real aircraft engine service data, in order to identify the compressor washing events for a gas turbine and thus provide demonstrably improved prognosis.
Development of Virtual Sensor Networks to Support Accident Monitoring Systems
Authors: Ahmed Rizwan , Sukyoung Pak , Heo Gyungyoung , Kim Jung-Taek , Hur Seop , Yong Park Soo , Ahn Kwang-II
Published: March 2024

In a nuclear power plant (NPP), most of the systems are linked due to processes of fluid flow, heat transfer etc., and their natural tendency to respond to changes during accident conditions. These relationships can be utilized to develop smart applications for plant accident monitoring and management. In this research, the statistical relationships among the process parameters have been analyzed. It has been embarked that the characteristics of a safety system during a particular interval can be estimated by utilizing the other affected parameters, employing statistical correlation and regression models developed from the simulation data offline, when evaluated for the same set of conditions on accident sequence and safety systems. The proposed methodology has been demonstrated for a specific loss of coolant accident scenario using correlation coefficient and neural networks, for the time interval when containment spray system was initiated at the particular stage of accident progression and remained operational for some designed time. Virtual sensor networks were constructed for the estimation of reactor vessel level during that time period, which demonstrates the realization of methodology. The estimations from such virtual sensor networks are expected to improve by utilizing the importance measures and concepts to generalize the neural networks. Also, correlation voting index (CVI) provides a capability to select a set of related outputs, which would be used as a yardstick for comparing results in case, missing or uncertain inputs are present.
I/P Transducer Application of Model-Based Wear Detection and Estimation using Steady State Conditions
Authors: Teubert Christopher , Daigle Matthew
Published: March 2024

For modern systems, wear estimation plays an important role in preventing failure, scheduling maintenance, and improving utility. Wear estimation relies on a series of sensors, measuring the state of the system. In some components, the sensors used to estimate wear may not be fast enough to capture brief transient states that are indicative of wear. For this reason it is beneficial to be capable of detecting and estimating the extent of component wear using steady-state measurements. This paper details a method for estimating component wear using steady-state measurements, and describes a case study of a current/pressure (I/P) transducer. I/P Transducer nominal and off-nominal behavior are characterized using a physics- based model, and validated against expected component behavior. This model is used to determine steady state responses to many common I/P Transducer wear modes, isolate the ac- tive wear mode, and estimate its magnitude.