bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness of colon cancer screening among the general population: Community-based study from the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldakhil Mohammed D. , Alayaaf Abdullah S. , Alamro Nibras M. , Aljubaili Omar K.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has surged to prominence as the leading cancer affecting men and the second most common affecting women in Saudi Arabia. The need for preventative screening is underscored by the rising prevalence of precancerous polyps, early-stage colorectal cancer, and the fact that these conditions often manifest without symptoms.

Methods:

This study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive design and employed data from a sample of 425 residents of Qassim region in Saudi Arabia. The participants guaranteed their confidentiality when completing self-administered online questionnaires.

Results:

Nearly half, 209 (49.2%), of the participants indicated that there were increasing incidences of colon cancer in Saudi Arabia. A considerable number [122 (28.7%)] of respondents believed that family history was the risk factor for colorectal cancer. A total of 203 (47.8%) knew that CRC could develop without symptoms. Common symptoms of CRC were cited as bleeding per rectum 300 (70.6%) and abdominal pain 259 (60.9%). The majority, 384 (90.4%), of the respondents believed that CRC could be prevented and cured if detected early, 415 (97.6%). The results noted that more females knew that there were increasing incidences of CRC in KSA (P = 0.03). Older participants were more likely to understand the function of the colon and rectum (P < 0.001**), the risk factors (P < 0.001**), and the symptoms of CRC (P < 0.001**), as well as their willingness to choose colonoscopy to conduct colon follow-up screening even without symptoms (P < 0.001**). Married participants had a higher likelihood of knowing the ranking of CRC among the most common tumors in both sexes in KSA (P = 0.027*). Participants with a higher education level were more likely to know the ranking of CRC among the common tumors in the KSA (P = 0.004**), the functions of colon and rectum (0.003**), and the symptoms of CRC (P < 0.001**).

Conclusion:

The study revealed considerably below-average knowledge about the general public’s screening for CRC in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Although a substantial proportion of participants demonstrated knowledge about the risk factors, symptoms, and prevention of CRC, there is limited knowledge about screening programs in the region. This underscores the need for public awareness campaigns and concerted efforts to eliminate the obstacles preventing more people from getting screened with colonoscopies for early detection and prevention of CRC.
Serum megalin levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus with and without cardiovascular disease
Authors: Rajaragupathy Sujatha , Ponnusamy Deepika , Balasundararaj Dhanalakshmi , Venkatesan Sandhiya , Karthikeyan Jayagowri
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2 (LRP2), also called megalin, is a multi-ligand receptor of the LDL receptor gene family mediating reabsorption of ligands like Apo-A1. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may possibly disrupt megalin functions as it is found to be regulated by insulin. This might cause cardiovascular complications due to derangement in lipoprotein metabolism. The current study was carried out to assess the serum megalin levels among T2DM individuals with cardiovascular complications in the Indian population.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study involving 80 patients with T2DM. 40 T2DM patients with known cardiovascular disease were selected as cases and 40 of those without evidence of cardiovascular disease were selected as controls. Demographic details, DM duration and class of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) used were collected from medical records while details of lipid profile, fasting glucose, serum creatinine and urea were collected from laboratory information system. Serum megalin levels were estimated using left-over samples by ELISA.

Results:

The study groups showed no statistical significance in baseline laboratory parameters except for serum creatinine and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Mean serum megalin levels were statistically insignificant between cases and controls (0.91 ± 0.78 ng/mL vs. 0.85 ± 0.69 ng/mL, P 0.74).The subgroup analysis of serum megalin levels based on OHA consumption among cases was also statistically insignificant (P 0.056). Pearson’s correlational analysis was statistically insignificant between serum megalin and lipid profile parameters among cases (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Serum megalin alone may not serve as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease.
Impact of dextrose supplementation on intraoperative blood glucose levels in pediatric patients undergoing major surgeries under general anesthesia with caudal analgesia
Authors: Babu Sruthi C. , Thomas Dimple E. , Thomas Reshmy , Sebastian Geethu , Kumar Lakshmi
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims:

In children undergoing surgery, the stress responses of surgery can result in blood glucose elevation consequent to release of cortisol and catecholamines. The use of a regional block could attenuate the stress responses and lower the blood glucose levels. We compared the blood glucose values at specified time points during surgery with and without additional dextrose to evaluate the need for glucose supplementation as our primary outcome. Intraoperative hemodynamics and the need for any intervention for correction of blood sugars were noted secondarily.

Material and Methods:

Children aged between 6 months and 8 years undergoing elective major surgery were randomized to group D (received 1% dextrose in Ringer’s lactate) or group P (received only Ringer’s lactate). Blood sugars were measured half hourly for 2 h following intubation, and data was analyzed using Student’s t-test and Chi-square test.

Results:

Demographic variables and the duration of surgery were comparable. The baseline blood glucose value was lower in group D. Analysis of covariates test for a comparison of adjusted mean blood glucose (MBG) showed the values at 30, 60, and 90 min to be comparable. However, toward the end of surgery, the MBG value was significantly higher in group D (P = 0.019). Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were comparable at the same points of measurement.

Conclusion:

Dextrose supplementation is not needed for children receiving caudal analgesia for major surgeries of 2–3 h duration and may raise blood sugars at the end of surgery.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of road safety measures and their impact on the pattern and distribution of extracranial and intracranial hemorrhages in fatal head injury cases in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Tripathi Sachin Kumar , Singh Rajiv Ratan , Yadav Pradeep Kumar , Singh Mousami , Verma Anoop Kumar
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

In Uttar Pradesh, India, there are many fatal head injuries as a result of road traffic accidents (RTAs). Studying the pattern and distribution of intracranial hemorrhages, a frequent complication of severe head trauma might provide vital information on the efficacy of traffic safety regulations. To improve road safety tactics and lower fatal head injuries in Uttar Pradesh, this study intends to assess the effect of road safety measures on the frequency and distribution of intracranial hemorrhages in fatal head injury patients.

Aim:

This study’s objective is to assess the influence of current road safety initiatives on intracranial bleeding distribution and patterns in fatal head injury cases in Uttar Pradesh.

Methodology:

The 604 RTA cases with head injuries that were brought to the mortuary of the S.R.N. Hospital in Prayagraj for a medical-legal postmortem assessment over the course of a year, from April 2021 to March 2022, make up the entirety of this prospective study. Following receiving institutional ethical approval and informed consent, structured interviews with attendees utilizing a questionnaire were done to gather the data.

Result:

The results show that certain traffic safety measures have reduced the frequency of fatal head injuries in RTAs. A decreased incidence of intracranial hemorrhages was linked to improved traffic infrastructure, including well-planned junctions, pedestrian crossings, and distinct bicycle lanes. Similar results were shown in serious head injuries when traffic restrictions including speed limits, seat belt use, and helmet legislation were strictly enforced.

Conclusion:

There are still issues with fatal brain injuries from car accidents, despite some encouraging results. Safety legislation violations, a lack of public knowledge, and inadequate enforcement all contribute to the issue. Disadvantaged groups like walkers and users on two-wheelers continue to be especially susceptible. The results of this investigation offer important new understandings of the efficiency of traffic safety measures and their influence on the distribution and pattern of cerebral hemorrhages in Uttar Pradesh, India. The results point to the necessity of improved public education efforts and traffic safety laws. More research and focused interventions are required to address specific risk factors among various road user groups. This will result in a safer driving environment and a decline in catastrophic brain injuries.
Cephalometric analysis of Indian races: A systematic review
Authors: Uppada Uday Kiran , Tauro David P. , Senthilnathan KP
Published: November 2024

This study is intended to review the cephalometric data pertaining to the diverse Indian populace through a systematic literature survey. To conduct a systematic review of literature, an electronic search was done on Medline, Embase, and Central databases. The available data were categorized based on the existing five geographic locations of the country (north, south, east, west, and central India) and analyzed. The following inclusion criteria were considered: (1) studies depicting the cephalometric data of any ethnic group identified as belonging to India, (2) studies originating from the Indian subcontinent, (3) studies which included data of subjects’ gender separately, (4) studies which compared the cephalometric data of the Indian population with the that of the Caucasians using Burstone and Legan analysis alone, and (5) articles in English language only. The following exclusion criteria were considered: (1) studies conducted on participants with developmental craniofacial anomalies, post traumatic facial deformities or with a history of previous orthognathic surgery, (2) studies which used analysis other than Burstone and Legan for obtaining the data, (3) editorials, commentaries, case reports, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and articles not available in English language. Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. The Indian population showed greater cranial base dimensions than the Caucasians. In the horizontal dimension, the Indian population exhibited a more convex profile with prognathic maxilla, mandible, and chin along with more protrusive upper and lower incisors. However, in the vertical dimension, they exhibited a decreased middle third facial height as well as a decreased ramal and corpus length of the mandible when compared with the Caucasians. The posterior maxillary height and the posterior facial divergence were relatively less in the Indian population when compared with the Caucasians. Sexual dimorphism was noted among the Indian population with regard to a few vertical skeletal parameters which were significantly greater in males than in females. It was observed that the data pertaining to the cephalometric norms on Indian populace in comparison with the Caucasian race are scanty. Compared to the other geographic locations of India, very less literature is available pertaining to the cephalometric data of the Eastern Indian population. It was observed that very less data are available pertaining to the cephalometric norms for the Indian population considering the ethnic, racial, and geographic diversity. The low sample size, studies being restricted to a specific race, or the lack of comparative studies largely impacts the reliability of the available cephalometric data on the Indian population. Considering the fact that the prevalence of dentofacial deformities in India is high, there is a huge ambit for corrective jaw surgery. Hence, it is essential to compile cephalometric data for the Indian populace to establish ethnic and racial-based cephalometric norms.
Serous otitis media as a cause for language delay following cleft palate repair—A case-control study
Authors: George Anjali
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives:

Serous otitis media (SOM), also called otitis media with effusion (OME) or glue ear, is a collection of non-purulent fluid within the middle ear space. Children with cleft palate are more prone to develop this condition. This is caused by impaired eustachian tube function in cleft palate. They may present with hearing loss, delayed speech, and language development or poor social behavior. This is a significant cause of conductive hearing loss in the early speech-forming years of their life. Even after an early surgical repair of palate, speech and language defects are frequently identified during regular postoperative follow-up by speech-language pathologists. When identified, the approach to language delay varies across healthcare systems and includes watchful waiting, providing hearing aids to early otological intervention. The primary objective was to compare the incidence of SOM in children with and without language delay following surgical correction of cleft palate.

Materials and Methods:

A case-control study involving 63 patients was conducted in a tertiary care hospital with a high-volume cleft lip and palate center from June 2022 to March 2023. Thirty children with language delay were identified and grouped as cases and 33 children without language delay as controls. Tympanogram was conducted after the detailed otoscopic examination. Those with Jerger types B and C were diagnosed with SOM. The incidence of SOM in each group was compared statistically.

Results:

About 70% of cases and 87.9% of controls had SOM. There is no positive correlation between the incidence of SOM and language delay (P-value > 0.05).

Conclusion:

SOM cannot be identified as a causal factor for language delay after cleft palate surgery.
Effect of steroid-soaked throat pack on postoperative throat complications following major oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Ogbebor Irene Omoisi , Benlance Edetanlen Ekaniyere , Igbinosa Lawrence Osarhiemen
Published: November 2024

Background:

Postoperative throat complications (POTCs) are common and distressing to patients; consensus on their optimum treatment is unclear.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of a steroid-soaked throat pack on POTCs following oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Materials and Methods:

This was a randomized, triple-blinded, controlled clinical study design on all consecutive patients who had endotracheal intubation and pharyngeal throat packs following major oral and maxillofacial surgery. They were randomized into experimental (steroid) and control (normal saline) groups. The experimental group had their throat packs soaked with 10 ml aqueous solution of 100 mg hydrocortisone, while the control group had their throat pack soaked with 10 ml of 0.9% normal saline. The data were clinicodemographic, type of throat pack, postoperative sore throat, dysphagia, hoarseness, and cough. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. P values < 0.05 were considered significant.

Results:

A total of 48 patients comprising 24 in each group participated fully in the study. The mean age and the age range of the participants were 37.3 ± 15.6 years and 18–65 years, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the demographic and surgical characteristics studied (P > 0.05). There was a significantly higher prevalence of postoperative sore throat and dysphagia among the normal saline group compared to the steroid group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of postoperative cough and hoarseness between the steroid and normal saline groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The use of a steroid-soaked throat pack was found to be more efficacious in the reduction of the prevalence of postoperative sore throat and dysphagia but did not affect the prevalence of postoperative cough and hoarseness among patients that had major oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures.
Unveiling the safety landscape: A comprehensive review of the toxicological profile of facial aesthetic implants and biomaterials
Authors: Sudha T Y Sree , Sasanka K S B S Krishna , Kumar Hansraj , Varshney Saurabh
Published: November 2024

Exploring diverse biomaterials and implants in the ear, nose, and throat by understanding adverse effects and post-usage events. Literature was obtained from Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on original research studies, case reports, and case series spanning from December 2010 to May 2022. Our analysis underscores that the effectiveness of cochlear implants (CIs) relies on factors such as biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory measures, and fibrosis reduction. Although silicone is employed in otologic applications, allergic reactions leading to CI extrusion are rare. In the context of partial ossicular replacement prostheses or total ossicular replacement prostheses, polyethylene grafts (Teflon) are utilized, and Nitinol-pistons are employed in stapedotomy, with adverse consequences encompassing graft extrusion and residual perforation. Chronic sphenoid sinusitis is linked to the use of Medpor porous polyethylene implants in sellar reconstruction during skull-based surgeries. Injectable collagen preparations in vocal cord paralysis lead to submucosal deposits and resultant dysphonia. Montgomery T-tubes are employed for subglottic stenosis but are associated with granulation tissue formation. Metallic tracheostomy tubes give rise to secondary foreign bodies, and double-lumen tracheostomy tubes are prone to biofilm formation. Despite numerous research studies, there remains a necessity for the refinement of implant designs to mitigate complications and enhance the overall quality of life for patients.
In-house manufactured 3D guides for the localization and treatment of mandibular lesions. Workflow and case series
Authors: Rodríguez-Arias Juan P. , Martínez Marta M. P. , Urquía Carolina C. , Carretero José L. C.
Published: November 2024

The anatomical location of certain lesions can be a difficulty when locating them intraoperatively. The use of surgical navigation allows anatomical structures to be located with great precision. However, there are technical difficulties with its use in mandibular surgery. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has established itself as a definitive tool in the generation of biomodels for diagnosis and treatment as well as implantable devices. Some applications, little explored today, have to do with the use of 3D-printed devices for the localization of hard-to-reach lesions. To determine the position of mandibular bone lesions, we propose using 3D printed localization guides manufactured “in-house,” using freely licensed design programs (software) to design them, and made of biocompatible resins. This improves surgical precision and reduces morbidity from the intervention. 3D planning models are shown and segmented using open-source software (3D Slicer) using imported conventional computed tomography data. Digital component modification is possible with free software (Autodesk Meshmixer) to arrange precise osteotomy cuts for lesion localization. With the help of customized cutting guides, intraoperative placement is precise. These are created utilizing a fused filament manufacturing 3D printer and polylactic acid. Three localization guides were successfully completed, resulting in improved surgical accuracy and reduced surgical morbidity. The use of 3D surgical guides in cases of mandibular lesions in difficult or delicate locations saves the need for navigation, requires less surgical time, does not require splints or reference stars.
Comparative evaluation of postoperative functional and esthetic outcomes for lip reconstruction with Fujimori gate flap versus Abbe-Estlander flap in patients being operated for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jose Anu , Bhola Nitin , Agarwal Anchal , Jain Swapnil
Published: November 2024

Background:

Lip carcinomas account for 23.6% to 30% of tumors affecting the oral cavity. Lip reconstruction aims to achieve a competent oral sphincter with a good cosmetic appearance while avoiding microstomia. There are various techniques for lip reconstruction like Fujimori gate flap, Abbe-Estlander Flap, Gillies fan flap, Nasolabial flap, Karapandzic flap, bilateral advancement flap, perialar crescentic advancement flap, Bernard-Burow flap, and free flap.

Aims and Objectives:

To compare the Fujimori gate flap and Abbe-Estlander flap in terms of functional and esthetic outcomes when used for reconstruction of the lip.

Materials and Method:

Ten patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma requiring resection and reconstruction of lip were included in the study. Functionally, maximal interincisal opening, lip competence, speech intelligibility and esthetically, scar, symmetry of lip during mouth opening, and symmetry of lip at rest were evaluated at the end of 1 week and 1 month.

Results:

On evaluation of functional and esthetic parameters, the Fujimori gate flap provides superior results in terms of mouth opening, speech intelligibility, and symmetry of lip at rest. However, results were comparable in both groups in terms of lip competence, scar, and symmetry of lip during mouth opening.

Conclusion:

The results of this study suggest that the Fujimori gate flap provides superior results with respect to function and esthetics when used for the reconstruction of lower lip defects with minimal or less complications.
Infrahyoid myocutaneous flap for reconstruction in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Singhal Ashish , Pandey Sandhya , Ajeet Gandhi
Published: November 2024

Background:

Reconstruction of head and neck defects following tumor excision is one of the most challenging surgeries due to multiple reasons, such as associated cosmetic and functional impairments. The three-dimensional aspect of the defect makes it more difficult. Although in modern settings, microvascular surgery is preferred in many conditions, it requires the presence of resources and expertise. Locoregional flaps are workhorse flaps in head and neck reconstruction. In this article, we present an uncommonly used flap with high acceptability and success rate in head and neck reconstruction.

Aim:

To find outcomes of using infrahyoid flap reconstruction in head and neck defects following cancer excision.

Materials and Methods:

The retrospective study was conducted in the surgical oncology department of our institute. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, clinically T1–T3 and N0–N1 stage, with anticipated defects of small to medium defects were included in the study. The study was conducted from July 2020 to June 2022, including a follow-up of 1 year. A total of 14 patients were included in the study. All patients had squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity involving different subsites. Patients were operated on by a single surgeon, using the same technique.

Result:

A total of 14 patients were included with a male-to-female ratio of 11:3 and age between 45 and 60 years. None of the patients underwent revision surgery, and none of the patients had total flap loss. Four patients had minor flap complications, of which three patients had partial, superficial skin necrosis of the flap which was managed conservatively and epithelized later. None of the patients developed major complications, oro-cutaneous fistula, or radiation necrosis. None of the patients developed recurrence after 1 year of surgery.

Conclusion:

The infrahyoid myocutaneous flap (IHF) is a fairly reliable and easy-to-perform flap for small- and medium-sized defects of the oral cavity, without requiring additional incisions and donor site reconstruction.
NIRADS-based case assessment of post-treatment head and neck cancer and its clinical correlation: A validation study
Authors: Mishra Aseem , Tewari Vertika , Shukla Shreya , Singh Satyendra Narayan , Shukla Varun , Sarkar Sunayana , Roy Suddhasheel , Nanda Sambit Swarup , Shankar Ravi , Lamba Komal , Das Abhishek , Kapoor Akhil , Dhal Ipsita
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

The neck imaging reporting and data system (NIRADS) lexicon is aimed at surveillance of head and neck cancer during post-treatment follow-up using either a CECT or PET-CT scan. These recommendations standardize management, reduce interobserver variability, and standardizes scientific communication.

Objectives:

The primary aim of this study was to validate the correlation between the NI-RADS category and disease status on clinical follow-up and histopathological analysis. The other objective was to assess the status of primary as well as nodal site at least 8 to 12 weeks after definitive treatment on first post-treatment imaging as per NI-RADS.

Materials and Methods:

We did a retrospective review of maintained a database of patients treated with curative intent radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The diagnostic accuracy of NIRADS was compared with the clinical follow-up and histopathological findings. Data was recorded using the NIRADS lexicon and analyzed using SPSS 25.

Result:

In our study, 37 cases were followed with CECT, whereas 111 were followed with PET-CT. We observed no significant difference between CECT and PET-CT for predicting recurrence in any of the NIRADS category. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of NIRADS to predict recurrence for the primary site is 61.54%, 75.21%, 34.8%, 90.1%, and 72.79%, respectively, whereas for the neck, it is 69.54%, 75.41%, 37.5%, 92%, and 74.32%.

Conclusion:

NIRADS score is strongly associated with positive disease in as Neck as well as primary. Increased use of NIRADS will lead to a uniform reporting system and improved patient outcome.
Multipoint Geronimus and Schur parameters of measures on a circle and on a line
Authors: Buslaev Viktor Ivanovich
Published: November 2024

A theorem of Geronimus that a measure corresponding to a Carathéodory function with sufficiently small Schur parameters has a support coinciding with the whole unit circle is established in the multipoint version, when the points of interpolation of the continued fraction representing the Carathéodory function have a limit distribution (in Geronimus's classical theorem all points of interpolation are concentrated at the origin). The Geronimus and Schur parameters of measures with support on the real line are introduced. For measures with support on the real line and the corresponding Nevanlinna function it is shown that an analogue of Geronimus's theorem holds, as well as analogues of some other results on measures with support on the unit circle.
Bibliography: 18 titles.
Fires in Conventional and Electrified Vehicles: Theory, Prevention, and Analysis
Authors: Biscarri Erbis Llobet
Published: November 2024

In the ever-evolving landscape of automotive technology, fire safety remains a critical concern. From the era of steam-powered vehicles to today’s cutting-edge electric and hybrid models, understanding the risks and preventive measures for automotive fires is essential for protecting lives and assets. In Fires in Conventional and Electrified Vehicles, Erbis Biscarri, a seasoned expert with extensive experience in both automotive equipment manufacturing and major car manufacturers, presents a definitive guide on the subject. This book provides a thorough exploration of the physical phenomena leading to vehicle fires, offering in-depth analysis methods and prevention strategies tailored to both traditional internal combustion engines and the latest hybrid and electric vehicles. Organized into three key sections—Theory, Prevention, and Analysis—the book delves into the fundamental concepts of fire initiation, sustenance, and propagation, covering a wide range of vehicle systems. It examines safety risks and effective prevention strategies using industry best practices and advanced technologies. Additionally, the analysis section provides real-world case studies and expert insights into investigating and understanding automotive fires. Whether you're an automotive engineer, fire safety professional, forensic consultant, or fleet manager, Biscarri's comprehensive guide is an invaluable resource. Equip yourself with the knowledge to navigate the complexities of automotive fire safety and contribute to a safer, more resilient automotive industry. “This book will be a valuable resource for experts in vehicle fire analysis.” Aubert George, Expert in vehicle fire analysis and prevention, France.
Exploring anomalous muscular architecture: a case of the dorsoepitrochlearis muscle
Authors: Nurani Khulud , Kenneth Mbira , Njoroge Jimmy , Wambua Brian , Ayub Khalid
Published: November 2024

Anatomic variations in the upper limb are of great significance as they pose implications on surgical techniques and raise the risk of  intraoperative injury.The presence of dorsoepitrochlearis muscle was discovered during routine dissection of a male cadaver at the  Department of Human Anatomy. This variant muscle was found in the right axillary region, originating as a single strip from latissimus  dorsi and attaching onto the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Dorsoepitrochlearis is a rare anatomical variation whose spectrum of  clinical manifestation may extend from asymptomatic to muscular paresthesia and atrophy as well as motion restriction. A rich basis of  knowledge of anatomical variations is crucial in diagnosis and management.
Bilateral distal tibio-fibular synostosis: a case of morphological deformity in cadaveric remains of black ethnicity at the department of anatomy, equator University of Science and Technology
Authors: Nagawa Edith , Sebagala Steven , Twijukye Nicholas , Bukulu Augustine , Mwaka Erisa
Published: November 2024

Tibial fibular synostosis is a rare congenital or acquired abnormality with most cases identified coincidentally upon clinical presentation.  Distal tibio-fibular synostosis are reported to be secondary to traumatic events; and whereas Unilateral distal Tibial fibular synostosis  have been widely documented, bilateral occurrences are rare among persons of black ethnicity. The objective of this report is to  elaborate a rare occurrence of bilateral distal tibial fibular synostosis incidentally found during a bone preparation procedure in a gross  anatomy laboratory. This was a distally located bone fusion with exostoses, involving the anterior, medial and posterior surfaces of the tibial-fibular bones. The causative factor of this deformity in our case couldn’t be ascertained since this was a cadaveric incidental finding  with no life or clinical history to relate to. However with distal fusions and visible exostoses, we probably infer that this was synostosis of osteochondromatic origin. Permission to access the case specimens and present this report was sought and granted by the University  Research and Ethics committee of Equator University of science and technology.
Teachers’ Classroom Management Strategies And Education Of Pupils With Mild Intellectual Disability In Calabar Municipality Of Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Michael Okaba Ataben , Felicia Akpana Unimuke , Paulina Iye Edom , Linda Nneka Morah
Published: November 2024

This study adopted correlational    survey design to established the relationship between teachers’ classroom management strategies   and education of pupils with mild intellectual disability   in  Calabar Municipality of Cross  River State, Nigeria . It was guided by three research questions and  three  null hypotheses.  A sample of   80 primary   four   pupils     in    public  primary     schools in the study area  were  selected using   simple  random  sampling  technique and teacher nomination check  list, school record. .One instrument titled “Teachers’  classroom management  strategies   and education of  pupils with mild  intellectual disability was developed   by the researcher   with  the help  of experts  and    used for data collection.  The reliability of the questionnaire was established using Cronbach Alpha which ranges from. 80 to .87.   The hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment correlation Coefficient at .05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that teachers’ classroom communication skills, application   of instructional   materials, structured   learning   environment      significantly   relate with education of pupils with mild  intellectual disability    in  Calabar Municipality of Cross  River State, Nigeria.  It was concluded that  the education of  pupils with mild  intellectual disability    depend on  effective teachers’ classroom  communication skills,   application   of instructional   materials,  structured   learning   environment . Based on the findings and conclusion of this study, it was recommended amongst others that teachers  should improve their competence in   classroom   communication skills,  application  of instructional materials  through attending conferences, seminars and workshops of stakeholders specifically  for the education   of  pupils with mild  intellectual disabilities.
Reconciling Indigenous Nigerian Values And The Dynamics Culture In A Contemporary Teaching-Learning Environment
Authors: Lucia Akim James , Ogban Nkanu Ogban , Sunday Utu Ubaku Inung , Veronica John Ogar
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the changing cultural milieu in the contemporary teaching-learning environment. Nigeria is blessed with many cultural values that serve as a medium for moral humanity. It identifies and discusses some of the key tenets of Nigerian values that promote unity and love among Nigerians. The dynamics of Nigerian culture is discussed by explaining the ever-evolving modalities of culture in Nigeria.  Also, the essence of contemporary teaching-learning environment as a substantial process is clearly spelt out by doing a critique of the traditional values and evaluating these on the basis of emerging cultural changes.  Nigerian indigenous values have been reconciled by identifying what should go on in a contemporary teaching learning environment and what should not play in. Also, the dynamics of values in contemporary teaching learning environment have been highlighted. It has been recommended, among others that government policy should be out in place to ounish parents and school authorities who reprimand teachers for punishing erring students, teachers should be trained on how to address cultural diversity.
Bayesian Accelerated Failure Time Model With Spatial Dependency: Application To Under Five Mortality Rate
Authors: K Musa G , E Chaku S , O Nwaze N , U Adehi M , E Omaku P
Published: November 2024

Nigeria is one of the top five in the world with the highest under-five mortality (U5M) rate. The risk of U5M in Nigeria is assumed to vary from one state to another due to diversity in socio-economic and even environmental factors. Thus, this study aimed to quantified the hazard of U5M using Bayesian Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) with spatial dependency. The data for the study were obtained from 2018 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The study utilized Bayesian technique based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique to obtained the posterior estimates of the parameters. The Loglogistic, Weibull and Lognormal AFT models with and without spatial dependency were considered in this study. Out of these models used, the log-logistic AFT model with Intrinsic Conditional Autoregressive (ICAR) spatial prior performed better than the other models considered in the study. The findings revealed that the survival of under-five children (U5C) was not homogeneous across the states (95% CI: 2.6330, 11.4630). The subject-specific factors such as maternal age at birth, duration of breast feeding, preceding birth intervals, maternal educational qualification, wealth index, region, number of antenatal visits, duration of pregnancy, gender of child, twin status, contraceptive used and toilet facility were the significant risk factors of U5M. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that the disparities observed across states should be taken into account at the policy level in order to meet the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2030 targets.
Unsteady Hydromagnetic Flow Of A Nanofluid In The Presence Of Inclined Magnetic Field In A Porous Media
Authors: Philemon Enock Exavery , Menrad Msamba Oscar
Published: November 2024

The unsteady hydromagnetic flow of a nanofluid in the presence of an angled magnetic field in porous media is investigated, with consideration given to the effect of the nanofluid’s viscosity variation parameter. The governing partial differential equations are obtained and transformed into dimensionless form by employing dimensionless quantities. Because of its stability, consistency, and high convergence rate, the finite difference approach is used to derive the numerical schemes of transformed partial differential equations, in line with the Crank-Nicolson method. The study subsequently examined at how dimensionless numbers, a viscosity variation parameter, and the magnetic field’s inclination angle affected velocity and temperature profiles. The results show that raising the Reynolds number and magnetic parameter increases the velocity profiles of the nanofluid, whereas increasing the permeability parameter reduces the velocity of the nanofluid.
Higher Reynolds, Eckert, and Prandtl numbers lead to larger temperature profiles of the fluid flow. Moreover, study found that increasing the viscosity parameter and magnetic field inclination angle can accelerate fluid flow velocity profiles. In addition, the temperature profiles of the fluid flow grow with the viscosity parameter and the angle of inclination of the magnetic field. The current findings are consistent with previous research, indicating their correctness and validity.
Factory-Related Environmental Pollution: A Study Of The Impact Of Cement Dust On Soil Quality Around Dangote Cement Plant, Tse-Kutcha, Gboko Local Government Area, Benue State
Authors: P E Oko , T Asaasuen , J  E Oko , G  A Ally , E  E Eyo , P T Ugosor
Published: November 2024

Environmental pollution has been a close embodiment of the human society since man’s first appearance on the planet earth some few hundreds of thousand years ago. This paper examines the impact of dust emission from the exploitation and processing of limestone by the Dangote Cement Factory on the soils of Tse-kucha community. Soil profile at the depth of 0 – 80 cm were dug at distances of 0.5 km (Tse-Kucha), 1.0 km (Amua) and 1.5 km (Amua) and soil samples were collected from each horizon of the soil profile. Soil samples were also collected from another profile dug at Gaando, a nearby community to Tse-kucha where there are no cement dusts in soils for comparison. The soil samples were analysed for some physical and chemical properties related to soil fertility such as  pH, organic carbon, exchangeable bases; Ca, Mg, Na and K, exchangeable acidity,  infiltration capacities, available phosphorous, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity and percentage base saturation using standard analytical procedures.  Additionally, structured questionnaire was designed and administered on the respondents of the study area to complement information needed on the impact of Dangote cement plant on soil quality of the study area. The results revealed a predominantly sandy-loamy composition with significant (p < 0.05) difference in the soil parameters tested. Furthermore, the result revealed that cement dust emissions from the factory significantly affect the yield of crops in study area. area.
Facteurs de gravité associés à la mortalité maternelle et périnatale au cours de l’éclampsie au CHU Sylvanus Olympio (CHU SO)
Authors: Tongou P. , Douaguibe B. , Mawougbe R. , Bararmna-Bagou F. , Kambote Y. , Ketevi A. , Ajavon D. , Aboubakari S.
Published: November 2024

Introduction : L’éclampsie est une urgence obstétricale fréquente et grave responsable d’une forte mortalité maternelle et périnatale.  L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer les facteurs de gravité associés à la mortalité maternelle et périnatale au cours de  l’éclampsie au CHU SO.
Méthodes : Il s’est agi d’une étude descriptive et analytique, à collecte de données rétrospective portant sur les  dossiers d’éclampsie de la période du 01 janvier 2020 au 31 Décembre 2021, à la clinique de gynécologie et Obstétrique du CHU SO. Les données ont été saisis et analysées par Excel 2020 ; le test de Chi2 a été utilisé pour la comparaison des proportions avec un seuil de  significativité de 0,05.
Résultats : Sur un total de 216 cas d’éclampsie, les taux de mortalité maternelle et périnatale étaient respectivement 10,2% et 10,1%. Les facteurs associés aux décès maternels : âge > 40 ans (p < 0,01), parité > 3 (p < 0,01), état de mal  éclamptique (p < 0,01), syndrome de HELLP (p < 0,01), troubles de l’hémostase (p < 0,01) et accident vasculaire cérébral (p < 0,01). Les  facteurs associés aux décès périnatals étaient : âge gestationnel < 26 SA (p < 0,01) et poids neonatal < 2500g (p = 0,02).
Conclusion :  L’éclampsie est très grave. Le dépistage précoce des facteurs de gravité de l’éclampsie peut améliorer le pronostic maternel et périnatal.
Work-family conflict among women in higher learning institutions in Malawi: A case study of Malawi University of Science and Technology
Authors: Mweta Noel , Juma Patrick , Nyirenda Eliza Mzengereza
Published: November 2024

This study investigated work-family conflict among women in leadership positions at the Malawi University of Science and Technology  (MUST). Work-family conflict in higher learning institutions can be understood within the social work framework, as it encompasses the  intersectionality of professional responsibilities and personal obligations. The demands from the work domain and family domain may  create burnout, including fatigue, and loss of focus, hence rendering one domain suffer at the expense of fulfilling the demands of the  other domain, affecting employees’ social life and welfare. Recently, the Malawi government has emphasised the need to empower women by appointing them to different leadership positions, and the Malawi University of Science and Technology in its quest to respond  to women empowerment has seen more women assuming different leadership positions within the institution. The study used  a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews guided by an interview guide. The study found that women in  leadership positions face multiple challenges including burnout and fatigue as the demands of work subsume the family demands. The  study recommended that the working policy at the institution should be realigned thereby taking into account the wellness and mental  health of women in leadership positions.
Macroeconomic Policy Implications of African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) for Nigeri
Authors: Akamobi Obiageli , Usifoh Kingsley , Ejefobihi Ugochukwu
Published: November 2024

This research analysed the macroeconomic policy implications of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) for Nigeria from 2019 to 2023. A quantitative study methodology was utilised, employing regression analysis to examine the association between AfCFTA and essential macroeconomic variables. The study's findings indicated that AfCFTA significantly enhanced Nigeria’s GDP and trade balance, implying that greater trade liberalisation might foster economic growth and elevate Nigeria’s foreign trade performance. The study revealed no significant correlation between AfCFTA and inflation, suggesting that inflation in Nigeria is predominantly affected by local factors, including fiscal and monetary policy, rather than external trade agreements. The regression model successfully passed essential diagnostic tests for multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, and autocorrelation, hence affirming the dependability of the results. The study concludes that Nigeria can benefit from AfCFTA through economic growth and trade expansion; however, the country must implement suitable macroeconomic policies to tackle current challenges, including infrastructure deficits and industry preparedness, to fully leverage the agreement's potential. The study advocated for the enhancement of trade facilitation infrastructure, the support of export-oriented industries, the promotion of public-private partnerships, the maintenance of fiscal discipline to control inflation, and the improvement of the overall business environment to ensure Nigeria's competitiveness in the AfCFTA market. These strategies will empower Nigeria to optimise the advantages of AfCFTA while alleviating potential risks and challenges linked to heightened trade liberalisation.
Hubungan Pengalaman dan Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap Kecemasan Ibu Dengan Anak Yang Menjalani Hospitalisasi di Rumah Sakit Benyamin Guluh, Kabupaten Kolaka
Authors: Sinda Nurmawati , Romantika I Wayan , Ihsan Habib
Published: November 2024

Abstrak. Proses terstruktur atau di fasilitas perawatan darurat untuk rehabilitasi dan perawatan sampai anak tersebut dapat kembali. Anak-anak prasekolah biasanya adalah orang-orang yang mengalami ketakutan akan rumah sakit; biasanya, kecemasan akan perpisahan muncul ketika seorang anak harus meninggalkan lingkungan yang mereka kenal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kecemasan ibu pada anak yang dirawat inap di RSUD Benyamin Guluh Kabupaten Kolaka terkait pengalaman dan dukungan keluarga. Melalui akses, observasi, atau pengumpulan data, studi ini bersifat cross-sectional, yang bermaksud menganalisis dinamika keterkaitan antara faktor risiko dan dampaknya. Sebanyak 47 pasien anak di Rumah Sakit Benyamin Guluh, berusia 0 hingga 17 tahun, menjadi populasi penelitian. Total Sampling adalah metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan. Kuesioner digunakan dalam strategi pengumpulan data untuk variabel independen dan dependen. Hasil uji eksak Fisher menghasilkan nilai p (0,464) dan interval kepercayaan 95% (0,05). Akibatnya nilai p (0,464) > (0,05). Dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa H0 diterima, artinya tidak ada hubungan antara pengalaman hospitalisasi dengan kecemasan ibu dan anak yang berada di rumah sakit. Temuan Fisher Exact Test memiliki nilai p sebesar 0,104 dan tingkat kepercayaan 95% sebesar 0,05. Akibatnya nilai p (0,104) >.
 
Absctract Structured process or in an emergency care facility for rehabilitation and care until the child can return. Preschoolers are usually people who experience a fear of hospitals; typically, separation anxiety kicks in when a child has to leave their familiar surroundings. The purpose of this study was to find out how the anxiety of mothers in children who are hospitalized at Benyamin Guluh Hospital in Kolaka Regency is related to experience and family support. Through access, observation, or data collection, this study is cross-sectional in nature, which intends to analyze the dynamics of the relationship between risk factors and their impact. A total of 47 pediatric patients at Benyamin Guluh Hospital, aged 0 to 17 years, became the study population. Total Sampling is the sampling method used. The questionnaire is used in the data collection strategy for the independent and dependent variables. Fisher's exact test results yield a p value (0.464) and a 95% confidence interval (0.05). As a result, the p value (0.464) > (0.05). It can be concluded that H0 is accepted, meaning that there is no relationship between the experience of hospitalization and the anxiety of mothers and children who are in the hospital. The findings of the Fisher Exact Test have a p-value of 0.104 and a 95% confidence level of 0.05. As a result, the value of p (0.104) >.