bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics and Kinetic Equation of 4-CP Biodegradation by Fusarium sp. HJ01
Authors: Li Ji Wu , Zhu Xiao Hong , Pan Jun Ya
Published: July 2012

The stain of Fusarium sp. HJ01 used in 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) degradation was isolated in our laboratory. The effects of pH, temperature, 4-CP concentration, carbon source on 4-CP degradation rate were studied. It was concluded that Fusarium sp. HJ01 could grow with 4-CP as the sole carbon and energy source. 4-CP concentration of 100mg/L in the pH range of 4~10 and temperature range of 25°C~35°C could be degraded completely. The capacity of 4-CP degradation was effectively enhanced by the addiction of sucrose. The kinetics of 4-CP degradation could well accord with the Haldane model for 4-CP as the sole carbon source and with first order equation for added other sucrose.
Determination of Trichlorfon and Dichlorvos Residues in Aquatic Products by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Huang Dong Mei , Cai You Qiong , Yu Hui Juan , Shi Yong Fu , Huang Xuan Yun
Published: July 2012

We developed a approach to determine residues of trichlorfon and dichlorvos in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).In our method,samples were extracted with dichloromethane.The extraction was dehydrated by anhydrous sulfate column and then concentrated.The concentrated liquid was dissolved by acetonitrile solution and defatted with n-hexane.The lower solution was determined by LC-MS/MS with ESI,using positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. With external standard method,the average recoveries of trichlorfon were 81.6%-90.4 %. The average recoreries of dichlorvos were 97.0%-102.6 % The relative standard of dichlorvos were all below 10.2 %. The limits of quantification were 2.5μg/kg.The method has great potential for routine analysis of monitoring trichlorfon and dichlorvos residues in aquatic products. It is to develop a simple, high-sensitivity detection method of trichlorfon and dichlorvos for food safety.
Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Saussurea Costus by Ultrasonic Extraction and Solid-Phase Microextraction Method
Authors: Liu Wei , Huang Du Shu , Wu Na , Zhang Ju Cheng , Yi Ping , Yang Jin
Published: July 2012

Ultrasonic extraction and purification using solid-phase microextraction column for the determination of 7 types of organochlorine pesticides including α, β, γ, δ-BHC, 2,4 '-DDT, 4,4'-DDT and heptachlor from the Saussrrea cotus were investigated in this study. The pretreatment of Saussrrea cotus samples, the effect of different ultrasonic time on the extraction efficiency and the effect of different ratio of dichloromethane: petroleum ether on purification efficiency were studied. Results show that the satisfactory extraction conditions for pre-treatment process are: 30 minutes ultrasonic treatment; the volume ratio of dichloromethane and petroleum ether mixture is 3:7.
Study on Flotation Separation and Determination of Mercury (II) by Sodium Bromide-Ammonium Thiocyanate-Octadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide System
Authors: Tu Chang Qing , Wen Xin Rong
Published: July 2012

The flotation separation and determination behaviours of mercury (Ⅱ) by sodium bromide -ammonium thiocyanide-octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide system were studied. The effects of different parameters,such as the dosages of NH4SCN and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (OTMAB),various salts and acidity etc. on the flotation yield of Hg2+have been investigated to select the experimental conditions.The results showed that in the presence of 1.0g NaBr and when the dosage of 0.1 mol/L NH4SCN was 0.50 mL and 0.01 mol/L OTMAB solution was 1.00 mL respectively, the formed water-insoluble ternary association complex of (OTMAB)2[Hg(SCN)4] floated above water phase and liquid-solid phases were formed with clear interface. In this condition, Cd2+,Mn2+,Ni2+,Co2+,Fe2+and Pb2+could not be floated and Hg2+could be floated quantitatively at pH2.0.Therefore, the quantitative separation of Hg2+from the above metal ions could be achieved. A new method of determination of trace mercury by flotation separation was established.The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of Hg2+in the sample of synthetic water and the flotation yield was 94.2%~97.9%.
Determination of Total Arsenic in Chinese Traditional Herbs by High Pressure Digestion-Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
Authors: Liu Wei , Pan Qing Shan , Zhang Pei , Huang Du Shu , Fan Ai Ping , Yi Ping
Published: July 2012

To determine total arsenic in Chinese traditional herbs, a hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry method was developed. The samples were pretreated by digesting system with HNO3-H2O2. The experimental conditions were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the samples was measured. There was a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and arsenic concentration in the range of 0～80μg•L-1with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995,while the detection limit was 0.036μg•L-1,the relative standard deviation was 1.9% .Trace total arsenic in the samples was 0.145～0.376μg•g-1 and a recovery range of 83.9%～108.5% were obtained.
Using the Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship to Correlate the Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients of Organic Compounds in 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Diethylphosphate
Authors: Ge Ming Lan , Zhao Ru Song , Xiong Jie Ming , Yi Yu Feng , Ding Fu Chen
Published: July 2012

On the basis of the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) method and the quantum chemical descriptors including molecular van der Waals volume (Vmc), dipole moments (μ), the most negative formal charge in solute molecule (q-), and the most positive formal charge on a hydrogen atom in solute molecule (q+) of organic compounds, the values of activity coefficients at infinite dilution, , for 16 solutes in ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([EMIM][DEP]) at 323.15 K were correlated with the descriptors. The result showed that the QSPR model had a good correlation and could successfully describe . The quantitative relationship between organic molecular structure and in [EMIM][DEP] was obtained and the correlation parameters were analyzed to understand the interactions that affect activity coefficients at infinite dilution.
Removal of Trace Cu(II) from Aquatic Condiment Using Sulfhydryl Lignin
Authors: Qu You Le , Wan Xiong , Xu Yin Feng , OuYang Xiao Kun , Yu Qun Di , Li Wei Na
Published: July 2012

Sulfhydryl lignin was prepared by immobilizing sulfhydryl onto wood lignin. The effect of pH, temperatμre, adsorption time, salinity of condiment and amino acid concentration of condiment on the adsorption behavior of sulfhydryl lignin was investigated, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of Cu(Ⅱ) were also studied.
Study for Components Distribution of Burned Gasoline Residues Adsorbed on the Floor Carrier
Authors: Liu Shu Jun , Yu Li Li , Meng Qing Shan , Gao Wei
Published: July 2012

Components of burned gasoline was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in this article. The results show that sample of burned gasoline contains 28 kinds of components, Groups of characteristic compounds and distribution of components were obtained in the gasoline. Pattern recognition was useful for the detection and characterization of gasoline residues.
Study on the Structure of Mangrove Polyflavonoid Tannins with MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and NMR
Authors: Zhang Liang Liang , Wang Yong Mei , Wu Dong Mei , Xu Man , Chen Jia Hong
Published: July 2012

The properties of polyflavonoid tannins from the mangrove species depend on their structure in terms of monomer units, their mean degree of polymerization and the linkage-type between ﬂavan-3-ol units with a considerable range of structural variation. Polyflavonoid tannins were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), which were too difficult to be resolved by other techniques. MALDI-TOF mass spectra of polyﬂavonoid tannins of four mangrove species in Rhizophoraceae, Kandelia candel, Ceriops tagal, Bruguiera cylindrica and Rhizophora apiculata showed as follows: (1) procyanidin oligomers formed by catechin/epicatechin, and catechin-3-O-rhamnoside monomers were present in great proportions; epigallocatechin and epicatechin gallate monomers were not detected; (2) the doubly linked structure of A-type procyanidins were also evident from the mass spectra of K. candel; (3) there were major differences in polyﬂavonoid tannin structure among mangrove species; and (4) the distribution of tannin oligomers, and the number-average degree of polymerization obtained by MALDI-TOF MS appeared to compare well with the results obtained by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis.
Simultaneous Determination of Cryptotanshinone, Tanshinone IA and Tanshinone IIA in Three Processing Products of White Flower S. Miltiorrhiza by HPLC
Authors: Li Yu Qin , Zhao Jing , Duan Rui , Jia Bao Xiu , You Gui Rong , Liu Ke
Published: July 2012

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was established for the simultaneous determination of tanshinones in three processing products of white flower Radix salvia miltiorrhiza. Cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IA and tanshinone IIA were successfully separated on a Yilite C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm). The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol, water, tetrahydrofuran and glacial acetic acid (70:24:5:1, v/v/v/v), employing isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was 254 nm. Regression equations revealed good linear relationship between the peak areas of the compounds and their concentrations (correlation coefficients: 0.9994 for cryptotanshinone, 0.9996 for tanshinone I A and 0.9996 for tanshinone IIA). The recoveries were between 98.03 % and 103.1 %. The method is simple, accurate and effective and can be used to determine the contents of tanshinones in processing products of Salvia miltiorrhiza bge. f. alba, and the contents of three tanshinones presented the stir-frying processing＜the crude drugs＜the wine prosessing.
Solution Properties of Cationic Polyacrylamide Modified with Fluorinated Methacrylate
Authors: Xue Xiao Jia , Li Xiao Rui , Lai Xiao Juan
Published: July 2012

Cationic polyacrylamides modified with fluorinated methacrylate (FPAM) were prepared with acrylamide, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFM) and methacryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride by free radical micellar copolymerization. The solution properties of FPAM were investigated. The results show that there are strong hydrophobic associations in the FPAM aqueous solution. The intrinsic viscosity decreases and Huggins constant increases with the increase of DFM content. The apparent viscosity of FPAM solution increases with increasing the FPAM concentration both in water and salt solution. There are maximum values of the apparent viscosity of FPAM with addition of sodium chloride, CTAB and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), respectively. Additionally, the FPAM has higher surface activity in salt solution than in water.
Comparative Research of Two Pretreatment Methods on Determination of Trace Manganese in Panax Pseudo-Ginseng Var. Notoginseng by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Jin , Liu Wei , Wang Bao Sheng , Li Qing Hua , Yi Ping , Huang Du Shu , Min Yong
Published: July 2012

In this research the atomic absorption spectroscopy method (the correlation coefficient was 0.9995) was employed for determination of the content of heavy metal-manganese in panax pseudo-ginseng var. notoginseng, which was chosen as the sample. The optimum conditions of two pretreatments were researched independently. In the dry ashing, the optimized temperature and time are 600°C and 4~6 hours respectively, and the manganese content determined is 53.16 ug/g and the recovery rate of manganese added in sample is 98.64%. In the wet digestion, The HNO3-H2O2 digestion system is the best one, and the content was 52.95ug/g and the recovery rate is 97.30%. So the two pretreatment methods of the sample are accurate enough on manganese content determination. But the dry ashing is better than the wet digestion relatively.
Preparation of Cellulose Succinates with High Degree of Substitution in Solvent System [C4mim]Cl/DMSO
Authors: Bao Deng Shan , Liu Chuan Fu , Sun Run Cang
Published: July 2012

Homogeneous derivatization of cellulose was investigated with succinic anhydride (SA) in a solvent system containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid ([C4mim]Cl) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) using iodine, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst. The results showed that the high degree of substitution (DS) of modified cellulose significantly increased from 0.24 without any catalysts to 0.84, 2.31, and 2.34 under same conditions except with I2, NBS, and DMAP, respectively, as a catalyst. The possible mechanism of succinoylation catalysed with different catalysts was discussed. Fourier transform infrared and solid-state cross-polarization/magic angle spinning 13C NMR spectroscopies also provided evidences of catalyzed homogeneous succinoylation reaction. The results indicated that iodine, NBS, and DMAP could effectively improve the succinoylation efficiency of cellulose in [C4mim]Cl/DMSO.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Thermal Stability Poly (ester-imide-ether) with Excellent Lower Temperature Elastic Recovery
Authors: Shang Jiao Jiao , Lan Jian Wu , Lin Shao Jian , Chen Si , Li Ya Ni
Published: July 2012

A new poly(ester-imide-ether) (PEIE) was prepared by melt polymerization from 1,4-butanediol(BD), polytetrahydrofuran diol (PTMG) and a novel imide dicarboxylic acid monomer which was synthesized from 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic di-anhydride(BPDA) and glycine acid(GLY). The structure, thermal behaviour and elastic recovery of polymer were characterized by FT-IR. thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry thermograms (DSC) and laboratory stretching machine. The results showed this polymer has excellent thermal stability, 5 % weight loss temperature was at 354°C. Meanwhile, the DSC curve showed that glass-transition temperature and crystallization temperature of the polymer were at -30 °C and 160 °C, respectively. The excellent elastic recovery was still displayed at low temperature.
XLPE Cable Insulation Enhancement Mechanism Based on Isopropoxide Catalyzed Siloxane
Authors: Liu Fan , Tao Xian Tao , Yang Lin , Liu Ping , Zhou Kai
Published: July 2012

In this paper, needle-shape insulation defect was made in XLPE cable samples. With high-voltage and high-frequency accelerated aging, water tree was formed inside XLPE layer. One group of the samples was injected siloxane catalyzed by isopropoxide for rejuvenation, and the breakdown voltage was significantly greater than new samples. Nano-inorganic particles were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) inside the breakdown channels of rejuvenated samples. The insulation enhancement mechanism is described in this paper based on the new discovery, that the insulating property of cables is enhanced by the nano-inorganic particles, because of its ability to inhibit the partial discharge damage inside the water tree channel.
Phase Diagram of Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS) Composed of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and Gelatin
Authors: Ma Chao , Chen Xiao Dong , Kong Yin Qiu , Che Li Ming
Published: July 2012

Phase diagram of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin is of paramount importance for the application of such system in microencapsulation of bioactive compounds. Phase separation of PEG/gelatin aqueous solution was investigated in the present work and the phase diagram of resultant ATPS was reported for the first time. The results show that phase separation will happen if the solid content of PEG/gelatin aqueous solution is higher than a critical value, resulting in an ATPS. The resultant ATPS consists of a low-density phase enriched in PEG and a dense phase enriched in gelatin. The phase compositions of the resultant ATPS were determined accurately using the method developed. The phase diagrams obtained show that higher solid content is required for the phase separation of PEG10,000/gelatin aqueous solution when compared with that of PEG20,000/gelatin one. And PEG is found to be more hydrophilic when compared with gelatin.
Preparation and Characterization of Poly (vinylbenzyl chloride)-b-poly (lactide) Copolymers via Nitroxide-Mediated Controlled Radical and Ring-Opening Polymerization
Authors: Shen Shao Hua , Duan Ying Xiang , Liu Qing Quan , Xiao Qiu Guao
Published: July 2012

Hydroxyl-terminated poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (PVBCOH) were synthesized using nitroxide-mediated controlled radical polymerization. Then, PVBCOH was used as a macro-initiator for ring-opening polymerization of lactide (LA) in the presence of stannous octanoate (Sn(Oct)2) as a catalyst. The structures, molecular weights and polydispersity index (PDI) of PVBCOH and PVBC-b-PLA were characterized by 1H-NMR, and GPC, respectively. The results indicated that PDI of PVBCOH and PVBC-b-PLA was 1.63 and 1.27, respectively. Moreover, the molecular weight and PDI of PVBCOH and PVBC-b-PLA could be well tuned by changing monomer-to-initiator ratio.
Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and its Schiff Base Derivatives in 1M HCl
Authors: Nor Hashim Nor Zakiah , Kassim Karimah , Mohd Yusairie
Published: July 2012

The efficiency of two Schiff base compounds namely (E)-N1-benzylidene-N4-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine (K1) and (E)-N1-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-N4- phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine (K2) as corrosion inhibitors were compared with its parent amine namely N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (NPPD). Investigations have been made at 25 0C by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization measurements in which the corrosion rates decrease and the percentage inhibition efficiencies and surface coverage degree increase with increasing additive concentration. The adsorption of inhibitors appears to follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Results show K1 to have the highest inhibition efficiency among the three investigated compounds.
Influence of the Addition of Depressants during Grinding on Lead-Zinc Separation
Authors: Deng Rong Dong , Liu Quan Jun , Hu Ting , Ye Feng Hong
Published: July 2012

The flotation performance of a complex lead and zinc ore were investigated by changing the grinding environments. Four groups of testing were conducted with different depressants or their combinations. Flotation results, size-by-size analysis, pulp potential (Eh) and dissolved oxygen (D0) were studied. It was found that the addition of depressants during grinding was beneficial to increasing the separation efficiency.
Differential Pulse Voltammetry Method for the Determination of Glucose on Multi-Nanostructured Active Electrode Modified by Platinum Nanoparticles
Authors: Wu He Zhen , Cao Aie , Xu Di Lou , Chu Dao Bao
Published: July 2012

Electrocatalytic oxidation of multi-nanostructured active electrode modified by platinum nanoparticles on glucose was examined. Based on 0.5mol/L KOH solution, we see a sensitive and good-shaped oxidation peak current near -0.77V (VS, SCE) by using differential pulse voltammetry method to scan in the range of -0.9~0.4V.The peak is regarded as the quantitative peak. There is a good linear relationship between glucose concentration and the peak current in the range of 1.0×10-2~1.0×10-5 mol/L. The linear correlation coefficient is 0.99864.The detection limit is 1.0×10-6mol/L. If added 0.06 m mol/L ascorbic acid or 0.3m mol/L uric acid (simulating human blood components), the determination of glucose is not interfered with. Results of the determination of glucose concentration in the blood are satisfactory.
Reaction Mechanism of B/KNO3 under Laser Irradiation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shen Rui Qi , Wu Li Zhi , Chen Yi Ru , Ye Ying Hua , Hu Yan , Zhu Peng
Published: July 2012

The photodissociation of B/KNO3(40:60, wt %) mixture, following 532nm laser excitation was investigated by echelle-type spectrometer and time of flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). The ablation products contained a lot of ions and molecular fraction. Emission spectra and mass spectra of the intermediate products were obtained. According to the possible distribution of the products, multistep reaction mechanism of B/KNO3is proposed.
Investigation of Residual Stress in Green Compacts of Metal Powder Using X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Zhou Rui , Zhang Lian Hong , Liu Yu Hong
Published: July 2012

Residual stresses in green compacts have a significant influence on the quality of the compact and post-compaction processes like part handling. In this study, the latest European and American standard for residual stress measurement by X-ray diffraction have been used to obtain more exact residual stresses in surface of green compacts as experimental evidence for simulation. The influence of kinds of powders, compacting pressure and friction on residual stresses in green compact has been studied.
Study on the Leaching SiO2 from Boromagnesite by Using Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Ning Zhi Qiang , Zhai Yu Chun , Duan Hua Mei , Huang Huai Zhong
Published: July 2012

The residual rich SiO2 slag was obtained for MgO and B2O3 was leached from the boromagnesite by ammonium sulfate. The SiO2 was leached from the residual slag by sodium hydroxide. The effect of the roasting time, calcination temperature and the ratio of sodium hydroxide to the residual slag on the leaching efficiency of SiO2 in the residual slag were also studied. The reasonable technical condition as follow : the roasting time is 60 min, the calcination temperature is 550°C, the ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the residual slag is 3.0:1. The SiO2 leached rate can be stabilized about 85% under this condition.The residual rich SiO
Study on Pyrolysis Reaction of Boron Isotope Separation
Authors: Chen Zhou , Zhang Wei Jiang , Xu Jiao , Wang Xiao Ling
Published: July 2012

Nowadays in China, excessive import of boron isotope has always been the bottleneck to its industrial applications in nuclear, mechanical, steel and electronic fields. To pull the boron industry out of the mire of import, it is prerequisite to study the enriching and refining of boron isotope. In this work, we present an experimental setup of boron isotope separation by chemical exchange distillation with focus on pyrolysis reaction. After repeated tests, the optimal temperature of pyrolysis reaction (i.e., 140oC) had been found and the best enrichment of 10B (i.e., 34.4%) could be achieved when the reaction continued to the 8th day. These results indicate that the more completely the pyrolysis reaction performs, the better enrichment of 10B arrives.
How Graphene Layers Depend on Drying Methods of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Lv Ya Nan , Wang Jian Fang , Long Yin , Tao Cheng An , Xia Lin , Zhu Hui
Published: July 2012

Abstract: Graphite oxide is of great importance in preparing graphene, the average layer of graphene depends on that of graphene oxide in some extent. In this paper, we prepared graphite oxide via H3PO4/H2SO4mixed acid, then which were dried by vacuum drying in a freezer dryer and drying oven respectively, the graphite oxide powder and thin film were obtained correspondingly. After dispersing the above two forms of graphite oxide in water by shaking, stirring or supersonic wave, they were reduced in the same condition. According to the XRD, AFM results, vacuum freeze-drying was inclined to gain few-lay graphene.
Synthesis of MoS2 Nanoparticles with Inorganic Fullerene-Like Structure from Molybdenum Trioxide and Sulfur
Authors: Gao Bin , Zhang Xiao Jun
Published: July 2012

MoS2 nanoparticles with fullerene-like (IF-MoS2) structure were successfully obtained at heating temperature higher than 840 °C by chemical vapor deposition method in a three-tube furnace using MoO3 and S (sulfur) powders as raw materials. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersion X-ray spectrometerrespectively. IF-MoS2 nanoparticles can be obtained only in the narrow temperature range of 840 °C-870 °C, and the diameter of IF-MoS2 nanoparticles increases with temperature. A gradual formation mechanism of IF-MoS2 nanoparticles was discussed in detail.
A New Way to Prepare Ferrate Solutions by Microwave Assisted Hypochlorite-Oxidation Method
Authors: Li Dang Sheng , Chen Xi Liang
Published: July 2012

In this article, a new way to prepare ferrate solution was proposed by combining microwave irradiation and hypochlorite-oxidation method. It was demonstrated that the reactivity speed can be improved as high as 30 times compared to the single hypochlorite -oxidation method.
Influence of Magnetic Field on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in the Presence of Foreign Ions
Authors: Deng Ai Hua , Huang Hui Min , Ji Wen Jin
Published: July 2012

In this paper, the effect of the adjustable permanent magnetic field with the maximum magnetic flux density as 4100mT on the calcium carbonate(CaCO3) precipitation process was investigated from hard water in the absence and in the presence of foreign ions Al3+、Fe2+、Mg2+、SO42+. By changing the strength of the magnetic field, the fouling resistance efficiency, the total CaCO3precipitation and precipitation in the bulk solution were determined by measurement of the mass of CaCO3precipitation, and the polymorph composition of CaCO3precipitated in bulk solution and particle size fouling on the loading slice was determined by XRD and electron microscope. The effect of MF on the precipitation process of CaCO3was tested by degassifying dissolved CO2in calcocarbonic pure water containing foreign ions. The results showed that magnetic water treatment increased the total precipitation and favored the precipitation in bulk solution instead of precipitating on the walls regardless the presence of foreign ions. The effect is intensifying with the strengthening of the magnetic flux indendity. The Magnetic field (MF) did not affect the polymorph composition of CaCO3in the absence of foreign ions. While in the presence of foreign ions, the precipitation and structure of precipitated CaCO3were significantly affected. The MF favored the precipitation of aragonite and inhibited the formation of calcitein the presence of Mg2+and SO42-. In the case of Al3+and Fe2+, the precipitation of aragonite is favored, calcite and vaterite is inhibited. The MF influenced CaCO3precipitation process by influencing the hydration process of the ions in the solution and changing the dehydration process of hydrated CaCO3as the precursor of crystal nuclei for the magnetic field change the structure of water cluster. The reason that foreign ions can change the polymorph composition of CaCO3is probably owing to its hydration and dehydration.
Comparison Study of Amino-Functionalized and Mercaptopropyl-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica SBA-15
Authors: Elfrida Sangok Faustina , M. Yahaya Sabrina , Nurul Izza Taib , Sa'ad Siti Zaleha , Rasaruddin Nor Fazila
Published: July 2012

The capability for the adsorption of Cu (II) ion with mesoporous material SBA-15, amino-functionalized SBA-15 and mercaptopropyl-functionalized SBA-15 was investigated. XRD, FT-IR and FESEM were used for characterizing the structure and surface properties of adsorbent prepared. Effects of initial concentrations and pH on adsorption process were studied. Amino-functionalized SBA-15 was found to show the highest percentage removal of Cu (II) ion from aqueous solution compared to mercaptopropyl-functionalized SBA-15. Adsorption isothermal model was also examined. Langmuir isothermal model was found to be better fitted with adsorption process compared to Freundlich isotherm model.
Effects of Thermal Exposure on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Stability of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy
Authors: Song Sheng Yin , Gao De Li , Feng Chun , Liu Zhi Yi
Published: July 2012

Mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy during thermal exposure at elevated temperature were characterized by means of tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tensile test results suggested that tensile strength ( ) and yield strength ( ) reduced with both increasing exposure time and temperature. Correspondingly elongation of samples increased steadily with increasing exposure time and temperature, which resulted in ductile fracture. TEM results suggested the reduction of mechanical property of samples was attributed to coarsening and reduction in amount of dominant strengthening phase-Ω phase during thermal exposure.
Effect of O2 Flow Rate on the Morphological and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanocrystals
Authors: Tian Hui Juan , Xu Jun Bo , Tian Ya Jun , Wen Hao
Published: July 2012

The morphological and optical properties of ZnO nanocrystals prepared by thermal evaporation of Zn powders were studied at both upstream and downstream under different O2flow rates. The morphological evolution was observed by scanning electron microscopy. With O2flow rates changing from 0.25 sccm to 1 sccm, the caps of the ZnO nanonails become bigger and the stems gradually disappear at upstream, and the diameters at the top of ZnO nanorods become thicker and the length become longer at downstream. Room temperature PL study shows that UV emission is relatively enhanced with increasing O2flow rates. Computational fluid dynamics simulation was performed, which indicates that the morphological evolution of the ZnO structures results from the competition between the axial growth and the radial growth based on different O2and Zn vapor partial pressure.
Wettability and Interfacial Characteristic of Sn-Ag-Cu Solder on Ni Substrates at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Zang Li Kun , Yuan Zhang Fu Yuan , Yan Hong Liang , Li Xin Xue
Published: July 2012

Wettability and interfacial characteristic of the Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu/Ni system are investigated by sessile drop method at the temperature range of 503~673K. The reactive wetting processes demonstrate that: contact angles between the solder and Ni substrate decrease as exponential decay and the equilibrium contact angles decrease monotonously with the temperature increasing. Triple-line mobility is enhanced as the temperature increases. Interface of the Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu /Ni interface are identified by EPMA and EDS analysis as (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 adjacent to the solder and Ni3Sn4 adjacent to the Ni substrate, respectively. Cu is condensed at the interface, the composition of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 is (23.16~23.46)Ni- (36.56~37.52) Cu-(39.02~40.27)Sn (atom %). The formation of the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 IMC was known to greatly improve the reliability of the solder joints in integrated circuits.
Microwave Assist Synthesis Methyl Ferulate through a Cationic Exchange Resin Catalysis Routine
Authors: Gong Sheng Zhao
Published: July 2012

Methyl ferulate was synthesized by methanol and ferulic acid with strongly acidic cation exchange resin as catalyst under microwave irradiation. The effect of catalyst activity was investigate by single factor experiment. Amount of catalyst, microwave treatment time, microwave output power and methanlo/ ferulic acid ratio were investigate by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiments. The optimal reaction conditions were ferulic acid being 0.1mol, molar radio of ethanol to ferulic acid being 5:1, mass percent of resin being 30％ of the reagent, microwave power being 300W, reaction time being 25 min. The yield of product was 81.2％ under the potimal conditions. The catalytic characteristics of regenerated catalyst were stable and the yield of product may keep greater than 76% after the 732# resin used five times.
Synthesis and Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Materials Obtained by Templating of SBA-15 with Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin
Authors: Liu Chao , Hu Yong Qi , Yu Yi Feng , Zhang Yue , Wang Yan Yan , Chen Ai Bing
Published: July 2012

Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon materials have been synthesized by using melamine-formaldehyde resin as carbon precursor and SBA-15 as a removable template. The structure of the materials was investigated by X-ray diffraction, BET speciﬁc surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray and BET studies conﬁrmed that a pore nanostructure is inherited from the silica templates. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed N atoms are strongly bonded in the carbon structure in heterocycles or nitrile functions. These mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon materials exhibits textural properties with BET surface areas ranging between 400 and 600 m2/g and uniform pore size(3.9 nm). The mechanism of carbonization process is studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The ratio of melamine/formaldehyde plays an important role during the carbonization process for the surface areas and textural properties, and element analysis reveals that the nitrogen content of the mesoporous carbon materials is as high as 10wt%.
Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Salt Cationic Surfactant with Long-Chain Alkyl and Epoxy Groups
Authors: Miao Zong Cheng , Wang Fang , Deng Deng , Wang Lei , Yang Jian Zhou
Published: July 2012

The quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant with long-chain alkyl and epoxy groups is very important intermediate product to synthesis novel functional surfactants. In this paper, a kind of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant with long-chain alkyl and epoxy groups was synthesized by traditional method with epichlorohydrin and N-octadecyldimethylamine as raw materials. During the synthesis, the best reaction conditions have been obtained, that the reaction temperature is 35 °C, the reaction time is 4 h and the best mol ratio of epichlorohydrin to timethylamine is 5:1. In addition, the synthesized intermediate with long-chain alkyl and epoxy groups plays a very important roles in the development of cationic surfactant.
Comparison of Composition and Structure of Palm Oil with Lard
Authors: Wu Su Xi , Liu Rui Xin , Li Hui
Published: July 2012

In order to confirm the substitutability of palm oil for lard, the fatty acid composition and their distribution at the Sn-2 position of triglycerides in three kinds of palm oil products and five kinds of lard products were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. Palm oil has similar saturated fatty acids composition (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2) with lard, and has slightly lower unsaturated fatty acids content than lard. The Sn-2 position of palm oil is mainly distributed with unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1, C18:2), while the Sn-2 position of lard is mainly distributed with saturated fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0), which is maybe the cause why palm oil is easier to be digested and absorbed than lard.
Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Selenium (IV) by its Catalytic Effect on the Reduction of Arsenazo III with Sodium Hypophosphite in Micellar Media
Authors: Zhou Zhi Rong , Zhang Li Zhen
Published: July 2012

A simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace selenium (IV) is described, based on its catalytic effect on the reduction arsenazo III (AsA III) with sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) in a solution of 0.02 mol/L sulfuric acid and in the presence of cationic micellar media. The reaction rate is monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance of AsA III at 550 nm with a fixed-time method. The decrease in the absorbance of AsA III is proportional to the concentration of Se(IV) in the range 0.16–1.0 µg/L after a fixed time of 4–10 min from the initiation of the reaction. The limit of detection is 0.049 µg/L Se(IV). The influence of th e factors such as acidity, concentration of reactants, type and concentration of surfactants, reactive time, temperature and co-existing ions on the reaction is discussed. The optimum reaction conditions of reaction are established and some kinetic parameters are determined; the apparent activation energy of catalytic reaction is 59.51 kJ/mol. The relative standard deviation for eleven replicate determination of 0.02, and 0.01µg/25mL Se(IV) was 2.0 % and 2.4 %, respectively. Combined with sulphydryl dextrane gel (SDG) separation and enriching, the method has been successfully applied to the determination of Se (IV) in foodstuff and human hair samples with the relative standard deviation of 2.1 %–5.8 % and the recovery of 97.0 %–103.3 %, the results are in good agreement with those provided by ICP-AES method.
Modifications of Soy Protein Isolates Using Ultrasound Treatment for Improved Emulsifying Properties
Authors: Chen Lin , Chen Jian She , Yu Lin , Wu Ke Gang , Liu Xiao Li , Chai Xiang Hua
Published: July 2012

Soy protein isolates (SPI) were modified by ultrasound treatment (200W, 400W, 600W), and the emulsifying properties of USPI (ultrasound treated SPI) were investigated. Analysis of mean droplet sizes and creaming indices of emulsions (20% v/v oil, 1.6% w/v emulsifier) formed by control SPI and USPI-200−600W showed that ultrasound treatment could improve the emulsifying capability and emulsion stabilizing ability (against creaming) of SPI. And the improvements were significantly influenced by the power level of ultrasound. Some USPI (e.g., 400W) was capable of producing stable fine emulsions. A variety of physicochemical and interfacial properties of USPI in relation to emulsifying properties have been investigated. The results showed that compared with control SPI, USPI-400W had a higher protein adsorption fraction (Fads) and a lower saturation surface load (Гsat), which was mainly due to its higher PS and surface hydrophobicity (H0), and may explain its markedly improved emulsifying capability. This study showed that ultrasound treatment could be an effective way for the functionality modification of globular proteins.
Preliminary Study on Kiwi Protease Tenderized Pork Process
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhang Qian , Lin Xiao Yan , Liao Xi Yan
Published: July 2012

Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), area force versus time (AF-T), and cooking loss rate (CLR) are used to evaluate the improvement of tenderness in pork. Kiwi protease concentration, temperature, pH and time are investigated in detail. The results show that kiwi protease processing conditions have great impact on the tenderness of pork. Pork is tendered in kiwi thiol protease with the concentration of 0.001% at 50 °C for 2 h. The initial pH value of the tenderization solution is 5.5.
Studies on Initial Stage of High Temperature Oxidation of Fe - 9 to 12%Cr Alloys in Water Vapour Environment
Authors: Kaderi Akbar , Mohd Hanafi Ani , Herman Sukreen Hana , Othman Raihan
Published: July 2012

Fe - 9 to 12%Cr alloys are a material for the thick sections boiler components and steam lines of a power plant. The role Fe - 9 to 12%Cr alloys is becoming more prominent in the development of a new generation of Ultra-Supercritical (USC) Power Plant due to the target operating temperature is reaching 620 °C (893 K), in 100% steam condition as well as pressure in excess of 300 bar (30 × 106 Pa). In such condition, the integrity of Fe - 9 to 12%Cr alloys relies on the oxide scale formed during the time of exposure. However due to the high temperature and water vapor condition, it is a well known fact that, the formation of oxide scale is accelerated thus depleting the structural integrity of the Fe - 9 to 12%Cr alloys over the time. Studies show that not only the formation of protective oxide scale was suppressed but the formation of non-protective oxide scale was accelerated instead. Decades of studies done by various groups around the globe has yet to have consensual on the exact mechanism of this phenomenon. Initial stage oxidation of these alloys plays great roles in hope to understand the formation of oxide scale in water vapor condition at high temperature. This paper reviews previous research works to understand the initial stage oxidation of Fe - 9 to 12%Cr alloys at high temperature in water vapor condition.
Study on the Removal of Algae with Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) Modified Rectorite
Authors: Chen Jin Yi , Li Jing , Li Nian , Yu Xing Yuan , Jiang Qin Feng , Hu Jia Xu
Published: July 2012

Natural Ca-rectorite (Ca-REC) is modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) to get CTAB-rectorite (CT-REC). XRD and SEM analytical method were used to study the change of rectorite in external morphology and internal structure. The results showed that the layer structure of CT-REC was looser and the basal spacing was obviously bigger than Ca-REC. The ability of RECs in removing microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) was investigated through long-term and short-term study. The results of short-term study showed that compared with Ca-REC removing 10% of the algae at the concentration of 0.1g/L in 10h, CT-REC removed more than 98% of the algae under the same condition. The results of long-term study showed that Ca-REC had acute effect on algae but couldn’t terminate cell growth while CT-REC could put an end to the regrowth of algae and control the Harmful algal blooms effectively.
Preparation of Cellulose-Graft Superabsorbent Resin
Authors: Miao Zong Cheng , Wang Fang , Deng Deng , Zhang Yong Ming , Wang Lei , Li Zhong Jin
Published: July 2012

In order to prepare a novel superabsorbent resin based on cellulose, straw pulp cellulose was used as raw material, through etherification preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose, K2S2O8-Na2SO3 oxidationredox system as an initiator, acrylic acid, acrylamide as grafting monomer, crosslinking agent N, N-methylenebisacrylamide were used to synthesize the high water absorbent resin. The effects of reaction conditions to superabsorbent resin were studied using water absorbencies as evaluation standard, the optimum preparation technology was decided.
The Synthesis and Electroluminescence Properties of 4-Benzofuranyl-1,8-Naphthalimide Derivatives
Authors: Yang Jian Xin , Wang Xiang Hui
Published: July 2012

A series of fluorescence compounds, 4-benzofuranyl-1,8-naphthalimides, were prepared through cycloaddition reaction from 4-ethynyl-1,8-naphthalimides and o-iodophenols which catalyzed by a Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 / CuI system under mild conditions. The intermediate material, 4-ethynyl-1,8- naphthalimide, was synthesized from 4-bromo-1,8- naphthalimide and trimethylsilyl- acetylene. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of 4-benzofuranyl-1,8- naphthalimides were studied and the quantum yields were measured. The maximum UV/vis absorption spectra were in the range of 375-400 nm and the maximum emission spectra were in the range of 470-510 nm. The electro- luminescent properties were also mensurated through a doped electroluminescent device which contains 1% 1,8-naphthalimides and 99% CBP (4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl), It’s shown the maximum brightness reached 3700 cd/ m2 at 22.5V.
Effect of Rare Earth on High Temperature Properties of Heat-Resisting Steel
Authors: Liu Xiao , Zhang Hu Fei
Published: July 2012

The oxidation resistance and high temperature mechanical properties of FeCrNi heat-resisting steel are analyzed and studied. The results show that the oxidation resistance of the heat-resisting steel is improved remarkably after adding RE. The value of oxidation rate of Sample 1 (without adding RE) is 1.71 times higher than Sample 2, respectively at 1423K. And the value of oxidation rate of Sample 1 is 1.4 times higher than Sample 2, respectively at 1473K. The fracture mode of heat-resisting stainless steel is typical cleavage fracture, but dimple fracture after adding RE into the steel. The high temperature mechanical properties of heat-resisting steel is improved obviously by RE. In comparison with heat-resisting stainless steel without RE, the reduction of area of heat-resisting stainless steel with RE is increased 26.27% at 1123K.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Starch Microsphere from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Huo Xiao Ping , Wang Fang , Deng Deng , Wang Lei
Published: July 2012

In order to resolve the pollution of coloured wastewater, starch microsphere was used to absorb methylene blue from aqueous solutions in this paper. Starch microsphere is artificial starch derivative, can be synthesized by cross-linking reaction from crude starch and modified starch. The cross-linked starch microsphere was prepared from soluble starch and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and starch microsphere has characteres of irregular appearance, uniform size, suitable swelling, three-dimensional network structure, suitable shell pore diameter and specific surface area, good mechanical intensity. The microporous structure of starch microsphere was determined using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). The adsorption capacity of starch microsphere to methylene blue was studied. It could be shown that the adsorption capacity increases with the increase of concentration of methylene blue. Also, the lower the temperature was, the bigger the adsorption capacity of SM was in the same concentration. So, starch microsphere could effectively absorb methylene blue from aqueous solutions and thus the influencing factors of the adsorption were discussed in detail.
Study on the Performance of Blended Yarn with Outlast Air-Conditioning Viscose Fiber
Authors: Zhu Jin Zhong , Yang Dan , Wei Jing Yan , Liu Na
Published: July 2012

The air-conditioning viscose fiber was blended with bamboo viscose fiber and polyester fiber in different blended ratios, and the evenness, hairiness, strength and elongation, and elasticity of blended yarns were tested. The influence of blended ratios was analyzed. The results show that: With the increase in air-conditioning fiber content, the CV value of evenness indicates an increasing trend and the yarn evenness goes bad, breaking strength, elongation at break, fracture work of blended yarns decreases linearly, and elastic recovery rate of blended yarns increases first, then decreases basically and the maximum appears at 40%. The difference of hairiness curves is small in different blended ratios. Elastic recovery rate of blended yarns decreases with the increase of specified elongation.
Tribological Properties of Oleic Acid Capped Copper Nanoparticles Prepared by the Solventless Thermolysis of Single-Source Precursor
Authors: Li Nan , Guo Pu , Lou Wen Jing , Chen Shuang
Published: July 2012

Oleic acid capped copper nanoparticles were prepared by the solventless thermolysis of single-source precursor, cupric oleate. OA-capped Cu nanoparticles were characterized by means of FT-IR, TEM, XRD and TGA. Results show that OA-capped Cu nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 40 nm, which are able to prevent water adsorption, oxidation and are capable of being dispersed stably in organic solvents or mineral oil. This approach offers a great deal of facilitating their production without the need of protection by inert gases or sealed containers. In this process, only the preparation condition temperature has an obvious effect on the size and component of the product. OA-capped Cu nanoparticles as an additive in PAO10 perform good anti-wear and friction-reduction properties. As the additive concentration reach to 0.5 wt. %, the wear scar diameter can be reduced by 18 % and the friction coefficient can be reduced by 13 % as compared to pure PAO10.