bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of water quality and trophic status of reservoirs in Chuzhou City, China
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zheng Zijun , Xu Feng , Zou Ying , Zeng Tao , Li Shuo , Fang Shuqi
Published: January 2024

Reservoir is a vital tool for human utilization of water resources, and the deterioration of its water quality can seriously threaten the water cycle and sustainable urban development. However, there are relatively few studies in academia that analyse and evaluate the water quality of multiple reservoirs at the same time. To address this knowledge deficit, we collected 108 water samples from three different reservoirs in Chuzhou City for 36 months (from 2019 to 2021), explored the drivers of changes in water quality parameters over time and the extent of eutrophication. Our results indicated that the water quality of the reservoirs was deteriorating during the study period, among which Huanglishu Reservoir and Shahe Reservoir reached mild eutrophic status, and both had higher eutrophication levels than Chengxi Reservoir. Secchi depth, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were the principal factors inducing eutrophication. The biassed utilization of reservoir functions was the major contributor to the discrepancy in the degree of eutrophication. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis revealed that there are significant correlations between many water quality parameters. Cluster analysis grouped the 12 months of each year into three clusters (stable water level period, rainy season high flow period and winter low flow period). Based on this, analysis of variance showed that most water quality parameters varied considerably between the clusters. Collectively, this study identified the actual water quality conditions of three reservoirs in Chuzhou City and provided guidance for local water quality management and environmental protection.
Identification of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from peanut meal (Arachis hypogaea Linn) fermented by Lactobacillus pentosus using MALDI‐TOF–MS and LC–MS/MS
Authors: Li Wenjun , Guan Yexia , Shi Lin , Chen Yang , Huang Huang , Zhen Haiyin , Wu Ping , Wang Chao , Wu Qian , Li Wei
Published: January 2024

This study focused on the production of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory peptides (ACEIPs) from peanut meal (Arachis hypogaea Linn) fermented by Lactobacillus pentosus. The fermentation process was optimized using the response surface methodology with ACE inhibitory activity as the experimental indicator. ACEIPs were further purified after fermentation using ultrafiltration and Sephadex G‐25 gel chromatography. The effect of different molecular weights (ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 kDa) of ACEIP on ACE inhibitory activity was investigated, and a maximum inhibitory rate of 48.83% was achieved. The content of ACEIP was 78.95%. Amino acid analysis revealed that the hydrophobic amino acids accounted for 43.09% of the total content. Among the identified amino acids, glutamic acid had the highest content of 14.94%, followed by leucine and aspartic acid. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight–mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography–tandem MS were used to identify the molecular weights of the selected ACEIPs, yielding six ACEIPs with good stability and high hydrophilicity. Flexible docking of the six ACEIPs with ACE was simulated using AutoDock Vina (v1.5.7). The result showed that the ACEIPs formed 11, 8, 7, 9, 7, and 6 hydrogen bonds with ACE residues, and the lowest binding energies between them were −9.8, −8.1, −9.0, −9.3, −8.2, and−9.1 kcal/mol, respectively. Among them, GFGINAENNHRIF exhibited superior ACE inhibitory activity and binding stability.
Cystic Fibrosis Modulator Therapies: Bridging Insights from CF to other Membrane Protein Misfolding Diseases
Authors: Kim Minsoo , Plate Lars
Published: January 2024

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, leading to a faulty CFTR protein. Dysfunctional CFTR causes chloride ion imbalance, resulting in dense mucus accumulation in various organs, particularly the lungs. CF treatments focus on symptom management and addressing CFTR′s functional defects. Notably, development of CFTR modulator therapies has significantly advanced CF treatment. These drugs target CFTR protein structural defects induced by mutations, restoring its function and improving CF symptoms. VX‐770, a CFTR potentiator, and CFTR correctors like VX‐809, VX‐661, and VX‐445, have gained FDA approval and widespread clinical use, greatly enhancing the health and survival of many CF patients. However, some CFTR mutations lack effective targeted therapies, leaving approximately 6 % of CF patients without suitable options. CFTR modulator therapies have proven essential for combating the underlying causes of protein misfolding diseases, serving as a blueprint for similar treatments in other membrane protein misfolding diseases. This review explores current and future CFTR modulator therapies, and applications of established paradigms to membrane protein misfolding diseases. Ongoing research and innovation hold the potential for further improvements in CF management and the treatment of protein misfolding diseases.
Assessing multi‐sensor hourly maize evapotranspiration estimation using a one‐source surface energy balance approach
Authors: Costa‐Filho Edson , Chávez José L. , Zhang Huihui
Published: January 2024

In this study, the performance of a one‐source surface energy balance (OSEB) remote sensing (RS) of actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa), incorporating data from different spaceborne, airborne and proximal multispectral data, was evaluated. The RS platforms in this study included Landsat‐8 (30 m pixel size), Sentinel‐2 (10 m), Planet CubeSat (3 m), a handheld (proximal) multispectral radiometer (MSR) (1 m) and an unmanned aerial system (UAS) (0.03 m). A 2‐year data set (2020 and 2021) from two maize research sites in Greeley and Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, provided ground‐based data for estimating and evaluating hourly ETa from the OSEB algorithm. The accuracy of OSEB hourly maize ETa estimates was evaluated using calculated hourly maize ETa using high‐frequency data collected with an eddy covariance energy balance system installed at each research site. The results indicated that the Planet CubeSat multispectral sensor (3 m), combined with on‐site surface temperature data, yielded the least errors when predicting maize ETa. The hourly ETa estimation errors for the Planet CubeSat were MBE ± RMSE of −0.02 (−3%) ± 0.07 (13%) mm h⁻1. These results suggest the urgent need for a specific approach to improve RS multispectral and thermal radiometric data (quality) to better support sustainable irrigation water management practices.
Implications of the 988 suicide and crisis lifeline among college students experiencing substance use crises
Authors: Shaikh Afroze N. , Flynn Lauren , Isaac Alexis , Prince Alec , Burgan Mark , Coleman Jamian
Published: January 2024

Substance use remains a significant concern across college campuses and is associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Low levels of student help‐seeking call for innovative forms of support that increase access to care. The new 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline has the potential to address this concern through free, 24/7 crisis support. Regression analyses concluded that more frequent substance use significantly predicted lower help‐seeking intentions for suicidal thoughts among a sample of 446 college students. Students were also least likely to use the lifeline for substance use concerns as opposed to other mental health concerns. Implications for counselors are provided.
The effects of Student Success Skills on attendance and emotion regulation
Authors: Villares Elizabeth , Bowers Hannah , Brigman Greg , Bottini Cheryl
Published: January 2024

This study examines the effects of the Student Success Skills (SSS) intervention, an Advocating Student‐within‐Environment‐informed intervention, on Hispanic students’ (N = 681) school attendance and emotion regulation. The study variables reflected students’ attendance, self‐regulation, and test anxiety. The school counselors in the treatment group (n = 15) delivered the SSS program, while those in the control group (n = 15) did not. The results of multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) tests revealed significant differences in school attendance and test anxiety 30 weeks following the fifth SSS lesson. Statistical significance for self‐regulation was found only 2 weeks after the fifth SSS lesson.
Investigations on ultrasonography in the diagnosis of nodular localized cutaneous neurofibroma
Authors: Shen Yuzhou , Wang Run , Zhao Chenyang , Liu Li , Sun Desheng , Chen Xiangmei
Published: January 2024

Objective

To describe the ultrasound characteristics of nodular localized cutaneous neurofibroma (NLCN).

Materials and Methods

Clinical features and ultrasound characteristics of 43 lesions of 40 patients pathologically proven as NLCNs at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from October 2014 to May 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. The location, length‐to‐thickness (L/T) ratio, thickness‐to‐width (T/W) ratio, shape, margin, capsule, echogenicity, echotexture, posterior features, vascularity, and “rat tail sign” were evaluated.

Results

All ultrasound findings showed almost perfect agreement. More than a half of NLCNs (n = 24, 55.8%, p < 0.001) were located in the subcutaneous fat layer wholly with well‐demarcation from dermis and deep fascia. Most of the NLCNs were fusiform shape (n = 27, 62.8%, p < 0.001) in the long axis and oval shape (n = 35, 81.4%, p < 0.001) in the short axis. The other ultrasound findings of NLCNs included well‐defined (n = 42, 97.7%, p < 0.001), encapsulated (n = 39, 90.7%, p < 0.001), predominately hypoechoic (n = 34, 79.1%, p < 0.001), homogeneous (n = 39, 90.7%, p < 0.001), posterior enhancement (n = 29, 67.4%, p = 0.033), and avascularity (n = 37, 86.0%, p < 0.001). Only a quarter (n = 11, 25.6%, p = 0.002) of lesions were recognized with the “rat tail sign.”

Conclusion

NLCNs present as fusiform shape in long axis and round shape in short axis. The common ultrasound findings of NLCNs are well‐defined, encapsulated, predominately hypoechoic, homogeneous lesion with posterior enhancement, and poor blood supply. The “rat tail sign” has low sensitivity in NLCNs.
Beliefs in engineering education research: A systematic scoping review for studying beliefs beyond the most popular constructs
Authors: Kramer Amy , Leonard Alexia , Desing Renee , Dringenberg Emily
Published: January 2024

Background

Beliefs are a complex research construct with deep connections to innumerable different research areas and agendas. Engineering education researchers are increasingly studying beliefs, and synergy across these efforts can lead to a greater impact in translating beliefs research into educational practice.

Purpose

Our purpose was to enable any researcher in engineering education to productively research beliefs as a construct. Specifically, we aimed to synthesize the different purposes for studying beliefs, and the extent to which researchers have operationalized beliefs.

Scope/Method

We conducted a systematic scoping review of beliefs following the PRISMA protocol. We extracted and mapped data from the 79 academic included manuscripts. We performed additional analysis using both inductive and deductive coding methods to synthesize how beliefs have been researched. We included studies about the beliefs of engineering students in post‐secondary education beyond the four most popular types of beliefs (i.e., self‐efficacy, mindset, epistemic, and goal orientation beliefs).

Results

Given the diverse nature of beliefs in engineering education, we found that the findings of the included studies could not be coherently synthesized. Instead, we present (1) a synthesis of researchers' purpose(s) for studying beliefs, and (2) a detailed representation of the many ways in which researchers have operationalized beliefs using different theories and methodological approaches.

Conclusions

We recommend that researchers studying beliefs work to align their stated purpose for studying beliefs with their research contribution and build understanding of how beliefs ultimately relate to behavior. We also identified an opportunity for researchers to carefully and explicitly operationalize beliefs as a research construct.
Length of stay in the clinical wards in a hospital after introducing a multiprofessional discharge team: An effectiveness improvement report
Authors: Falcetta Mariana R. R. , Rados Dimitris V. , Molina Karine , Oliveira Daiana , Pozza Caroline Dalla , Schaan Beatriz D.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Emergency overcrowding is a problem in hospitals worldwide. The expansion of wards has limitations. Hospital administrative leaders are constantly looking for opportunities to improve the efficiency of resource use.

Methods

This is a care improvement study with a quasi‐experimental design. We created a hospital discharge team (HDT) to solve the issues of prolonged hospital stays. The main interventions were active search and resolution of prolongation of stay and multi‐disciplinary huddles. We developed strategies with different hospital units to expedite the processing of patients near discharge. Length of stay (LOS), morning hospital discharges, readmission rates, and bed usage were compared before (2018) and after (2019) HDT implementation.

Results

There was a reduction in the mean LOS of 1.8 days (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.9 to −2.6; p < .001). The rate of hospital discharges before noon increased by 7.0% (95% CI 4%–11%; p < .001). The readmission rate was similar between 2018 and 2019 (+0.7%; 95% CI −0.1% to 1.9%; p = .358). We observed higher bed turnover, with 0.5 more hospitalizations per bed per month (95% CI 0.1–0.7; p = .01; mean of 3.7 ± 0.3 in 2018 and 4.1 ± 0.3 in 2019).

Conclusion

HDT brought benefits to our hospital, reducing the length of stay and increasing bed turnover. However, there is a need for a team focused on the project and support from managers to overcome resistance and integrate units until they are fully operational.
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of novel manganese nanoclay polymer composite and nano‐MnO2 in wheat
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Jha Arun Kumar , Mandal Nintu , Satdev  , Kumari Shruti
Published: January 2024

Background

Manganese (Mn) deficiency due to nutrient mining by high yielding cereal–cereal cropping patterns and forgetfulness of Mn fertilizer applications becomes potential challenge in crop production.

Aim

Nano‐enabled Mn fertilizers can be safer and more nutrient efficient than conventional Mn fertilizers (nutrient use efficiency ≈ 1%–3%). However, studies about nano‐Mn fertilizer synthesis and their behaviour in soil–plant system are rare.

Methods

In this study, two novel nano‐Mn fertilizers, that is nano‐MnO2 (NMO) and manganese nanoclay polymer composites (Mn‐NCPC), were synthesized, characterized (dynamic light scattering, X‐ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopic and energy‐dispersive X‐ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy etc.) and investigated for their impact on growth, yield and nutrient acquisition by wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L., variety HD‐2967) in a pot culture experiment. Treatment comprised 25%, 50% and 100% of recommended dose of Mn (RDMn) through NMO along with 100% RDMn through MnSO4·H2O (MS). Effect of exposure route was also investigated using foliar spray of NMO at tillering stage. Mn‐NCPC was found to be most efficient Mn fertilizer in terms of yield, Mn uptake and use efficiency by wheat crop.

Results

Nano‐sized formulations improved the solubility of Mn in soil due to its higher active surface area (NMO) and slow‐release behaviour (Mn‐NCPC); thus, minimal losses happened due to the fixing of Mn in oxide/hydroxide forms. Application of 25% RDMn through NMO fertilizers maintained equitant diethylenetriamine pentaacetate Mn content to 100% RDMn through MnSO4·H2O. Mn‐NCPC stimulated the soil enzymatic activities, namely dehydrogenase, acid–alkaline phosphatase activities. Mn‐NCPC and NMO at 100% RDMn recorded 3.51% and 5.20% improvement in grain yield, respectively, when compared to MnSO4·H2O 100%.

Conclusions

Mn fertilizer doses can be reduced up to 25% of RDMn when applied through NMO or Mn‐NCPC fertilizers. However, effects of Mn‐NCPC and NMO need to be critically evaluated in long‐term field experiments in various cropping systems especially under cereal–cereal sequences for economic profitability and wide‐scale farmer's adaptability.
Semi‐captive Przewalski's gazelles cope with winter adversity by adjusting their gut bacterial communities
Authors: Zhang Xinying , Xiang Xingjia , Liu Tian , Wu Yuannuo , Wu Yonglin , Wang Guangyao , Song Xiangrong , Li Chunlin
Published: January 2024

The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients in animals. To address the challenge of conservation, many endangered wildlife are kept in captive or semi‐captive conditions. Numerous studies have been conducted on the intestinal microbiota of captive animals, but little information is available on the intestinal microbiota of semi‐captive animals, such as Przewalski's gazelle (Procapra przewalskii), which is an endangered ungulate species only distributed around Qinghai Lake in China. In this study, we used high‐throughput sequencing methods to analyze the gut bacterial community of semi‐captive Przewalski's gazelles during summer and winter. There were differences in the gut bacterial community composition between the 2 seasons, with higher bacterial diversity in winter. Deterministic processes dominated the bacterial community assembly in both seasons. There was a greater influence of heterogeneous selection in winter compared to summer, suggesting that there was more intestinal environmental filtering and selection on shaping the gut bacterial community during winter. There were more potential probiotic bacteria and fewer potential pathogens in winter compared to summer. Overall, stronger heterogeneous selection in winter might enhance gut selection for potential probiotic bacteria and filter out potential pathogens in Przewalski's gazelles, allowing them to adapt to the harsh living conditions in winter. Our study clarified that seasonal fluctuations trigger shifts in bacterial communities, which have potential benefits for Przewalski's gazelles. These results could provide valuable information for managing semi‐captive populations and for future wild releases of Przewalski's gazelles.
A comparative study of hole integrity performance in composite‐metal stacks using coated and uncoated tungsten carbide drill bits
Authors: Mathavan J. J. , Hassan M. H. , Mahmud A. S.
Published: January 2024

This study aims to develop tetrahedral amorphous carbon nanocomposite layer coated tungsten carbide drill bits for single shot drilling of composite metal stack. Different coatings were tested for hole integrity performance compared to an uncoated tool and the results were validated using process capability six‐pack analysis. The drilling process employed a 4.85 mm twist drill with a feed rate of 0.05 mm/rev and spindle speed of 2600 rev/min. The experimental results indicate that, all the coated tools produce H9 tolerance holes while uncoated tool produced H7 tolerance holes with 18 % to 35 % better results. But statistical results show that all the tools including uncoated tool require improvement to stay within the control limits. The hole circularity error obtained by all the tools were below 24 μm in both the panels and is supported by the statistical results as well. The uncoated tool exhibited 17.91 % better surface roughness in aluminium panel compared to coated tools, while coated tools produced 17.2 % to 22.3 % better surface roughness in composite panel. Statistical results suggested that, improvement is necessary when drilling aluminium panel by all the tools while dopant added coated tools produce better results in composite panel.
Clinically significant findings in a decade‐long retrospective study of prenatal chromosomal microarray testing
Authors: Olayiwola Joie O. , Marhabaie Mohammad , Koboldt Daniel , Matthews Theodora , Siemon Amy , Mouhlas Danielle , Porter Taylor , Kyle George , Myers Cortlandt , Mei Hui , Hou Ying‐Chen Claire , Babcock Melanie , Hunter Jesse , Schieffer Kathleen M. , Akkari Yassmine , Reshmi Shalini , Cottrell Catherine , Mathew Mariam T. , Leung Marco L.
Published: January 2024

Background

Chromosomal microarray (CMA) is commonly utilized in the obstetrics setting. CMA is recommended when one or more fetal structural abnormalities is identified. CMA is also commonly used to determine genetic etiologies for miscarriages, fetal demise, and confirming positive prenatal cell‐free DNA screening results.

Methods

In this study, we retrospectively examined 523 prenatal and 319 products‐of‐conception (POC) CMA cases tested at Nationwide Children's Hospital from 2011 to 2020. We reviewed the referral indications, the diagnostic yield, and the reported copy number variants (CNV) findings. Results.

In our cohort, the diagnostic yield of clinically significant CNV findings for prenatal testing was 7.8% (n = 41/523) compared to POC testing (16.3%, n = 52/319). Abnormal ultrasound findings were the most common indication present in 81% of prenatal samples. Intrauterine fetal demise was the common indication identified in POC samples. The most common pathogenic finding observed in all samples was isolated trisomy 21, detected in seven samples.

Conclusion

Our CMA study supports the clinical utility of prenatal CMA for clinical management and identifying genetic etiology in POC arrays. In addition, it provides insight to the spectrum of prenatal and POC CMA results as detected in an academic hospital clinical laboratory setting that serves as a reference laboratory.
Hyperbolic relaxation of the viscous Cahn–Hilliard equation with a symport term for biological applications
Authors: Dor Dieunel , Miranville Alain , Pierre Morgan
Published: January 2024

We consider the hyperbolic relaxation of the viscous Cahn–Hilliard equation with a symport term. This equation is characterized by the presence of the additional inertial term
that accounts for the relaxation of the diffusion flux. We suppose that
is dominated by the viscosity coefficient
. Endowing the equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions, we show that it generates a dissipative dynamical system acting on a certain phase‐space, depending on
. This system is shown to possess a global attractor that is upper semicontinuous at
. Then, we construct a family of exponential attractors
which is a robust perturbation of an exponential attractor of the Cahn–Hilliard equation; namely, the symmetric Hausdorff distance between
and
tends to 0 as
tends to
in an explicitly controlled way. Finally, we present numerical simulations of the time evolution of weak solutions as a function of parameters.
Preeclampsia in Ghana: A study on the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum readmission in the Ashanti Region
Authors: Anto Enoch Odame , Boadu Wina Ivy Ofori , Gyamfi Lovelace Kwaku , Korsah Emmanuel Ekow , Ansah Ezekiel , Frimpong Joseph , Tamakloe Valentine Christian Kodzo Tsatsu , Tawiah Augustine , Aboagye Elizabeth , Etwi‐Mensah Albright , Anto Agartha Odame , Obirikorang Christian
Published: January 2024

Background

Despite significant improvements in its management, preeclampsia continues to be one of the frequent causes of postpartum readmission. Increased awareness of the risk factors for postpartum readmission is required to reduce its incidence and related complications. This study determined the prevalence and associated risk factors for postpartum readmission among women with preexisting preeclampsia in a Ghanaian population.

Methods

This hospital‐based retrospective study was conducted at the obstetrics and gynaecology units of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana. We reviewed the medical records including sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of preeclampsia patients. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 26.0 and GraphPad Prism version 8.0. p‐Value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 208 preeclampsia patients were considered in this study. The rate of postpartum readmission for a hypertensive disorder among women with preeclampsia was 46%. After adjusting for multiple confounders in the multivariate logistic model, having a family history of hypertension [aOR = 3.512, 95% CI (1.669–7.394), p = 0.0028] was associated with increased odds for postpartum readmission. However, being nulliparous [aOR = 0.321, 95% CI (0.116–0.887), p = 0.0028] was independently associated with a reduced odd for postpartum readmission.

Conclusion

The rates of postpartum readmission are significantly high among preeclampsia women. Our findings highlight the importance of continued efforts to improve the health outcomes of both mother and newborn, including heightened monitoring of at‐risk patients in the Ghanaian population.
Assessing sustainability of household food consumption in rural and urban China
Authors: Li Yunyun , Filimonau Viachaslau , Wang Ling‐en
Published: January 2024

Household food consumption (HFC) has considerable implications for sustainability which need to be assessed for effective mitigation interventions. The related extant research focuses on high‐income countries and selected diets, while comprehensive sustainability assessments of HFC in developing and transitional economies remain insufficient. This represents a critical knowledge gap given the rapidly increasing patterns of food consumption in non‐western households. This study conducts a holistic sustainability assessment of HFC in rural and urban China based on the nationally established sustainability assessment indicator system (SAIS) and a comprehensive assessment index (CAI, measured on a scale ranging from 0 to 100 points), as previously detailed in literature. The determinants of overall sustainability of HFC are identified via regression analysis. The results indicate that food consumption is characterized by lower economic sustainability but higher environmental sustainability. 99.5% of households are either relatively sustainable (i.e., in the assessment they score 50–75 points) or relatively unsustainable (25–50 points) while the remaining 0.5% of households are sustainable (75–100 points) or unsustainable (0–25 points). Sustainability has considerable inter‐monthly and spatial variations; it also varies across household income and size. Household income has a significant positive impact (p < .01), while household size, the presence of household members trying to lose weight, and COVID‐19 exert significant negative impacts (p < .1, p < .05, p < .01) on overall sustainability. The study provides a scientifically grounded reference to enhance sustainability of HFC in China. The methodological framework developed and validated in this study can inform the design of future research on sustainability of HFC conducted in other countries and regions.
Uncovering the unknown with REMODEAL: A systematic method for reference mode elicitation
Authors: Tang Christine , Zaini Raafat , Langarudi Saeed P.
Published: January 2024

Reference modes aid in focusing modeling efforts and defining the problem to study. When faced with scarce or no data, modelers must elicit reference modes of dynamic behavior from participants. There is a lack of a systematic, scalable, rigorous and reliable method to capture and consolidate the qualitative and quantitative components of behavior‐over‐time graphs. The REference MOde DEvelopment ALgorithm (REMODEAL) fills this gap with a structured approach for modelers to elicit, verify and analyze data on tangible and intangible variables from participants. REMODEAL consists of a novel three‐graph method to triangulate a participant's reference mode of dynamic behavior. © 2024 System Dynamics Society.
Emotion beliefs, emotion regulation strategies, and test anxiety of Chinese adolescents in grade 8: Evidence from physiological recordings during an exam
Authors: Shang Chenyang , Zhang Qin , Pang Xialei , Wei Yun , Huang Yajie , Cui Lixia
Published: January 2024

Controllability beliefs and goodness beliefs about emotion are two fundamental emotion beliefs. The present study considered both controllability beliefs and goodness beliefs to examine whether and how the emotion beliefs of adolescents influence their test anxiety. Besides self‐reported test anxiety (sr‐TA), the present study measured heart rate (HR) and galvanic skin response (GSR) using custom‐designed wristbands during an exam as indicators of state test anxiety. The GSR was further decomposed into the tonic skin conductance level and the transient skin conductance response. The results revealed that, after controlling the goodness beliefs about anxiety, the controllability beliefs about emotion were negatively related to sr‐TA. This relationship was mediated by suppression. The controllability beliefs about emotion were directly related to the integration of transient skin conductance responses of 5 min before the exam. They were also indirectly related to the integration of transient skin conductance responses of the exam period, whether including the 5 min before the exam or not, and HR during certain periods through suppression. Therefore, adolescents' controllability beliefs about emotion may have important implications for their test anxiety.
PW06 suppresses cancer cell metastasis in human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa‐2 cells via the inhibitions of p‐Akt/mTOR/NF‐κB and MMP2/MMP9 signaling pathways in vitro
Authors: Huang Yi‐Ping , Yeh Chun‐An , Ma Yi‐Shih , Chen Po‐Yuan , Lai Kuang‐Chi , Lien Jin‐Cherng , Hsieh Wen‐Tsong
Published: January 2024

PW06 [(E)‐3‐(9‐ethyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)‐1‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl) prop‐2‐en‐1‐one], a kind of the carbazole derivative containing chalcone moiety, induced cell apoptosis in human pancreatic carcinoma in vitro. There is no investigation to show that PW06 inhibits cancer cell metastasis in human pancreatic carcinoma in vitro. Herein, PW06 (0.1–0.8 μM) significantly exists in the antimetastatic activities of human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa‐2 cells in vitro. Wound healing assay shows PW06 at 0.2 μM suppressed cell mobility by 7.45 and 16.55% at 6 and 24 hours of treatments. PW06 at 0.1 and 0.2 μM reduced cell mobility by 14.72 and 21.8% for 48 hours of treatment. Transwell chamber assay indicated PW06 (0.1–0.2 μM) suppressed the cell migration (decreased 26.67–35.42%) and invasion (decreased 48.51–68.66%). Atomic force microscopy assay shows PW06 (0.2 μM) significantly changed the shape of cell morphology. The gelatin zymography assay indicates PW06 decreased MMP2's and MMP9's activities at 48 hours of treatment. Western blotting assay further confirms PW06 reduced levels of MMP2 and MMP9 and increased protein expressions of EGFR, SOS1, and Ras. PW06 also increased the p‐JNK, p‐ERK, and p‐p38. PW06 increased the expression of PI3K, PTEN, Akt, GSK3α/β, and E‐cadherin. Nevertheless, results also show PW06 decreased p‐Akt, mTOR, NF‐κB, p‐GSK3β, β‐catenin, Snail, N‐cadherin, and vimentin in MIA PaCa‐2 cells. The confocal laser microscopy examination shows PW06 increased E‐cadherin but decreased vimentin in MIA PaCa‐2 cells. Together, our findings strongly suggest that PW06 inhibited the p‐Akt/mTOR/NF‐κB/MMPs pathways, increased E‐cadherin, and decreased N‐cadherin/vimentin, suppressing the migration and invasion in MIA PaCa‐2 cells in vitro.
ExaWind: Open‐source CFD for hybrid‐RANS/LES geometry‐resolved wind turbine simulations in atmospheric flows
Authors: Sharma Ashesh , Brazell Michael J. , Vijayakumar Ganesh , Ananthan Shreyas , Cheung Lawrence , deVelder Nathaniel , Henry de Frahan Marc T. , Matula Neil , Mullowney Paul , Rood Jon , Sakievich Philip , Almgren Ann , Crozier Paul S. , Sprague Michael
Published: January 2024

Predictive high‐fidelity modeling of wind turbines with computational fluid dynamics, wherein turbine geometry is resolved in an atmospheric boundary layer, is important to understanding complex flow accounting for design strategies and operational phenomena such as blade erosion, pitch‐control, stall/vortex‐induced vibrations, and aftermarket add‐ons. The biggest challenge with high‐fidelity modeling is the realization of numerical algorithms that can capture the relevant physics in detail through effective use of high‐performance computing. For modern supercomputers, that means relying on GPUs for acceleration. In this paper, we present ExaWind, a GPU‐enabled open‐source incompressible‐flow hybrid‐computational fluid dynamics framework, comprising the near‐body unstructured grid solver Nalu‐Wind, and the off‐body block‐structured‐grid solver AMR‐Wind, which are coupled using the Topology Independent Overset Grid Assembler. Turbine simulations employ either a pure Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model or hybrid turbulence modeling wherein Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes is used for near‐body flow and large eddy simulation is used for off‐body flow. Being two‐way coupled through overset grids, the two solvers enable simulation of flows across a huge range of length scales, for example, 10 orders of magnitude going from O(μm) boundary layers along the blades to O(10 km) across a wind farm. In this paper, we describe the numerical algorithms for geometry‐resolved turbine simulations in atmospheric boundary layers using ExaWind. We present verification studies using canonical flow problems. Validation studies are presented using megawatt‐scale turbines established in literature. Additionally presented are demonstration simulations of a small wind farm under atmospheric inflow with different stability states.
Effect of treated wastewater irrigation on ornamental plants: Case study of Lantana and Hibiscus, Morocco
Authors: El Khoumsi Wafae , Essiba Wiam , Basir Ikram , Harrouni Chérif , Redouane Choukr‐Allah , Bourziza Rqia
Published: January 2024

In water stressed countries such as Morocco, the use of treated wastewater represents a strategic perspective for sustainable agricultural development. However, technological and management innovations are needed to make it feasible and effective. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of irrigation with treated wastewater compared with fresh water on the growth of two ornamental plants: Rosa Sinensis hibiscus and Lantana Camara. The study also aimed to examine the impact of treated wastewater on the hydraulic performance of different irrigation systems. To carry out this study, irrigation was applied by two irrigation systems: subsurface drip irrigation and surface drip irrigation. Also, two sources of water were compared: treated wastewater from the WWTP of M'zar (tertiary treatment) and well water, each for a duration of 2 months. The results obtained showed that the treated wastewater generally promoted a better development of agronomic parameters such as height, number of branches, leaves, and flowers for both plants. The same observation was also made regarding the esthetical parameter. For the irrigation system effect, the results obtained showed a better development under the subsurface drip irrigation system; thus, the combination of treated wastewater and subsurface drip irrigation provided the best results for both plants. Regarding the hydraulic performance of the irrigation system, no risk of clogging of the distributors was observed in relation to the water quality; the uniformity coefficient and distribution uniformity remained above 90%. It can therefore be deduced that the use of treated wastewater for irrigation of green spaces should be at the heart of water resource mobilization policies. in fact, it represents an excellent alternative for promoting national water management strategies.
The topological susceptibility slope χ′ of the pure-gauge SU(3) Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Bonanno Claudio
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We determine the pure-gauge SU(3) topological susceptibility slope χ′, related to the next-to-leading-order term of the momentum expansion of the topological charge density 2-point correlator, from numerical lattice Monte Carlo simulations. Our strategy consists in performing a double-limit extrapolation: first we take the continuum limit at fixed smoothing radius, then we take the zero-smoothing-radius limit. Our final result is χ′ = [17.1(2.1) MeV]2. We also discuss a theoretical argument to predict its value in the large-N limit, which turns out to be remarkably close to the obtained N = 3 lattice result.
Modular flavor models with positive modular weights: a new lepton model building
Authors: Kobayashi Tatsuo , Nomura Takaaki , Okada Hiroshi , Otsuka Hajime
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We propose an interesting assignment of positive modular weights for fields in a modular non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetry. By this assignment, we can construct inverse seesaw and linear seesaw models without any additional symmetries which possess good testability in current experiments. At first, we discuss possibilities for positive modular weights from a theoretical point of view. Then we show concrete examples of inverse seesaw and linear seesaw scenarios applying modular A4 symmetry as examples and demonstrate some predictions as well as consistency with experimental results such as neutrino masses and mixings.
A type I approximation of the crossed product
Authors: Soni Ronak M.
Published: January 2024

Abstract

I show that an analog of the crossed product construction that takes type 𝐼𝐼𝐼1 algebras to type 𝐼𝐼 algebras exists also in the type 𝐼 case. This is particularly natural when the local algebra is a non-trivial direct sum of type 𝐼 factors. Concretely, I rewrite the usual type 𝐼 trace in a different way and renormalise it. This new renormalised trace stays well-defined even when each factor is taken to be type 𝐼𝐼𝐼. I am able to recover both type 𝐼𝐼∞ as well as type 𝐼𝐼1 algebras by imposing different constraints on the central operator in the code. An example of this structure appears in holographic quantum error-correcting codes; the central operator is then the area operator.
One-loop effective action of the IKKT model for cosmological backgrounds
Authors: Battista Emmanuele , Steinacker Harold C.
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We study cosmological solutions of the IKKT model with k = –1 FLWR geometry, taking into account one-loop corrections. A previously discussed covariant quantum spacetime is found to be stabilized through one-loop effects at early times, without adding a mass term to the model. At late times, this background is modified and goes through a period of acceleration, before settling down to a coasting FLRW geometry with scale parameter a(t) ~ t. This is qualitatively close to observation without any fine-tuning, irrespective of the detailed matter content of the universe.
Soft supersymmetry breaking as the sole origin of neutrino masses and lepton number violation
Authors: Joshipura Anjan S. , Patel Ketan M.
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We discuss a scenario in which the supergravity induced soft terms, conventionally used for breaking supersymmetry, also lead to non-zero Majorana neutrino masses. The soft terms lead to the spontaneous violation of the lepton number at the gravitino mass scale m3/2 which in turn leads to (i) the Majorana masses of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(m3/2) for the right-handed neutrinos and (ii) the R-parity breaking at the same scale. The former contributes to light neutrino masses through the type I seesaw mechanism, while the latter adds to it through neutrino-neutralino mixing. Both contributions can scale inversely with respect to m3/2 given that gaugino and Higgsino masses are also of order m3/2. Together, these two contributions adequately explain observed neutrino masses and mixing. One realization of the scenario also naturally leads to a μ parameter of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(m3/2). Despite the lepton number symmetry breaking close to the weak scale, the Majoron in the model exhibits very weak coupling to leptons, satisfying existing constraints on Majoron-lepton interactions. The right-handed neutrinos in the model have a large coupling to Higgsinos. This coupling and the relatively large heavy-light neutrino mixing induced through the seesaw mechanism may lead to the observable signals at colliders in terms of displaced vertices.
Quantum electrodynamics of non-Hermitian Dirac fermions
Authors: Murshed Sk Asrap , Roy Bitan
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We develop an effective quantum electrodynamics for non-Hermitian (NH) Dirac materials interacting with photons. These systems are described by nonspatial symmetry protected Lorentz invariant NH Dirac operators, featuring two velocity parameters υH and υNH associated with the standard Hermitian and a masslike anti-Hermitian Dirac operators, respectively. They display linear energy-momentum relation, however, in terms of an effective Fermi velocity $$ {\upsilon}_{\textrm{F}}=\sqrt{\upsilon_{\textrm{H}}^2-{\upsilon}_{\textrm{NH}}^2} $$

υ
F

=

υ
H
2

−

υ
NH
2

of NH Dirac fermions. Interaction with the fluctuating electromagnetic radiation then gives birth to an emergent Lorentz symmetry in this family of NH Dirac materials in the deep infrared regime, where the system possesses a unique terminal velocity υF = c, with c being the speed of light. While in two dimensions such a terminal velocity is set by the speed of light in the free space, dynamic screening in three spatial dimensions permits its nonuniversal values. Manifestations of such an emergent spacetime symmetry on the scale dependence of various physical observables in correlated NH Dirac materials are discussed.
Coulomb and Higgs phases of G2-manifolds
Authors: Acharya B. S. , Baldwin D. A.
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Ricci flat manifolds of special holonomy are a rich framework as models of the extra dimensions in string/M-theory. At special points in vacuum moduli space, special kinds of singularities occur and demand a physical interpretation. In this paper we show that the topologically distinct G2-holonomy manifolds arising from desingularisations of codimension four orbifold singularities due to Joyce and Karigiannis correspond physically to Coulomb and Higgs phases of four dimensional gauge theories. The results suggest generalisations of the Joyce-Karigiannis construction to arbitrary ADE-singularities and higher order twists which we explore in detail in explicitly solvable local models. These models allow us to derive an isomorphism between moduli spaces of Ricci flat metrics on these non-compact G2-manifolds and flat ADE-connections on compact flat 3-manifolds which we establish explicitly for SU(n).
Commuting SYK: a pseudo-holographic model
Authors: Gao Ping
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In this work, we study a type of commuting SYK model in which all terms in the Hamiltonian are commutative to each other. Because of the commutativity, this model has a large number of conserved charges and is integrable. After the ensemble average of random couplings, we can solve this model exactly in anyN. Though this integral model is not holographic, we do find that it has some holography-like features, especially the near-perfect size winding in high temperatures. Therefore, we would like to call it pseudo-holographic. We also find that the size winding of this model has a narrowly peaked size distribution, which is different from the ordinary SYK model. We apply the traversable wormhole teleportation protocol in the commuting SYK model and find that the teleportation has a few features similar to the semiclassical traversable wormhole but in different parameter regimes. We show that the underlying physics is not entirely determined by the size-winding mechanism but involves the peaked-size mechanism and thermalization. Lastly, we comment on the recent simulation of the dynamics of traversable wormholes on Google’s quantum processor.
TeleCOVID Hessen: Implikationen für die Erschließung neuer Indikationsgebiete
Authors: Grahlmann Anne , Brandt Jenny , Salzmann Daniela , Hoffmann Felix
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund

Während der Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Pandemie (SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie) wurde in Hessen die Anwendung TeleCOVID entwickelt, um die Intensivstationen telemedizinisch zu vernetzen. Nach der erfolgreichen Implementierung sollte die Anwendung auch auf weitere Indikationsgebiete in der Intensivmedizin ausgeweitet werden.

Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)

Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde evaluiert, auf welche weiteren Indikationen der Einsatz der Anwendung erweitert werden kann und welche technischen Anforderungen damit einhergehen.

Material und Methoden

Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung wurden leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews mit klinisch tätigen Ärztinnen und Ärzten (n = 8) geführt, die mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet wurden.

Ergebnisse

Im Rahmen der Interviews konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Ausweitung von TeleCOVID auf weitere intensivmedizinische Indikationsgebiete sinnvoll ist. Es wurden zahlreiche technische Anforderungen formuliert, die bei der Weiterentwicklung der Anwendung konkret berücksichtigt werden sollten.

Diskussion

Die telemedizinische Vernetzung von Intensivstationen kann für die beteiligten Akteure einen Mehrwert generieren. Wichtig ist allerdings, dass die Daten bestmöglich standardisiert und strukturiert erhoben werden. Der Kommunikationsprozess sollte umfassend automatisiert werden, um den Aufwand für die beteiligten Akteure möglichst gering zu halten.
Epidemiology of horse trauma: a literature review
Authors: Neville Emily K. , Hicks Henry , Neville Christine C.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Horses are used for many recreational and occupational activities. They are large, strong, temperamental, and unpredictable animals and people involved with them are at risk for injuries, from minor abrasions to severe injuries that may lead to death. This review reports on horse trauma in relation to the characteristics of injured equestrians, characteristics of horse trauma, and clinical outcomes.

Methods

A literature search was conducted from health-related electronic databases to identify studies from 2018 to 2023. The search returned 115 relevant full-text articles but after screening and assessment for eligibility, 39 were included in this review for a detailed examination of horse trauma epidemiology. Most studies were undertaken in the USA and the most used method was a retrospective review of hospital or trauma registry data.

Results

There have only been very slight changes in horse trauma numbers and outcomes over the past 5 years. Most injuries often follow falls and kicks. Females in their late-20 s to mid-30 s who are recreational equestrians are the group most represented in the data. The commonest injuries include fractures, and head, thoracic, and abdominal trauma. Most individuals with horse trauma were treated in the Emergency Department and discharged. For the equestrians who were admitted to hospital, around one-third required surgery. Mortality rates are very low.

Conclusion

The popularity of occupational and recreational horse activities does not seem to wane and horse trauma continues to represent a significant concern for the health system. Health care workers need to be cognizant of the scope of trauma presentations as the mechanisms of injury can be complicated putting the equestrian at a high risk of associated injuries that may be life-threatening.