bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical and Structural Stability of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Materials under Electron Beam
Authors: Lin Feng , Markus Isaac M. , Doeff Marca M. , Xin Huolin L.
Published: July 2014

The investigation of chemical and structural dynamics in battery materials is essential to elucidation of structure-property relationships for rational design of advanced battery materials. Spatially resolved techniques, such as scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM), are widely applied to address this challenge. However, battery materials are susceptible to electron beam damage, complicating the data interpretation. In this study, we demonstrate that, under electron beam irradiation, the surface and bulk of battery materials undergo chemical and structural evolution equivalent to that observed during charge-discharge cycling. In a lithiated NiO nanosheet, a Li2CO3-containing surface reaction layer (SRL) was gradually decomposed during electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) acquisition. For cycled LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.18Ti0.02O2 particles, repeated electron beam irradiation induced a phase transition from an "Equation missing" layered structure to an "Equation missing" rock-salt structure, which is attributed to the stoichiometric lithium and oxygen removal from "Equation missing"3a and 6c sites, respectively. Nevertheless, it is still feasible to preserve pristine chemical environments by minimizing electron beam damage, for example, using fast electron imaging and spectroscopy. Finally, the present study provides examples of electron beam damage on lithium-ion battery materials and suggests that special attention is necessary to prevent misinterpretation of experimental results.
A novel spectrofluorometric method for the determination of arsenic in human hair using Dy2O3-doped CeO2nanoparticles
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad Saeid , Belador Foroogh
Published: July 2014

This paper describes a novel spectrofluorometric method for the determination of arsenic in human hair using Dy2O3-doped CeO2nanoparticles.
Sandwich-like octacyanometalate-based cadmium assemblies with the 4,4′-dipyridyl sulfide ligand
Authors: Yang Dan , Zhou Hu , Yuan Ai-Hua , Li Yi-Zhi
Published: July 2014

The self-assembly of octacyanotungstate, cadmium ions, and 4,4′-dipyridyl sulfide ligands has isolated the first octacyanometalate-based cadmium compounds, which exhibit novel sandwich-like coordination networks. The effect of solvent and temperature on the formation of products was discussed.
Thermoelectric performance of Ni compensated cerium and neodymium double filled p-type skutterudites
Authors: Dahal Tulashi , Jie Qing , Lan Yucheng , Guo Chuanfei , Ren Zhifeng
Published: July 2014

We have synthesized Ni compensated Ce and Nd double filled p-type skutterudites CexNdxFe3.7Ni0.3Sb12 with x = 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, and 0.5 by melting–quenching–annealing method.
The structural origin of the unusual compression behaviors in nanostructured TiO2: insights from first-principles calculations
Authors: Swamy Varghese
Published: July 2014

First-principles calculations of anatase structured TiO2and ZrO2as well as of TiO2–B were carried up to 20 GPa in order to develop an understanding of the unusual compression and pressure-dependent phase transitions reported for nanocrystalline (nc) pure and Zr-doped anatase and nc TiO2–B.
Strategies for interfacing inorganic nanocrystals with biological systems based on polymer-coating
Authors: Palui Goutam , Aldeek Fadi , Wang Wentao , Mattoussi Hedi
Published: July 2014

A representative set of nanocrystals made of semiconductors, Au and iron oxide, surface-capped with polymer ligands presenting various metal-coordinating groups.
Kinetics of the catalytic cracking of naphtha over ZSM-5 zeolite: effect of reduced crystal size on the reaction of naphthenes
Authors: Konno Hiroki , Ohnaka Ryota , Nishimura Jun-ichi , Tago Teruoki , Nakasaka Yuta , Masuda Takao
Published: July 2014

The catalytic cracking of model naphthenes over ZSM-5 zeolites of different crystal sizes was examined at reaction temperatures ranging from 748 to 923 K under atmospheric pressure, focusing on the associated reaction rate constants and activation energies.
Evaluation of Fe uptake and translocation in transgenic and non-transgenic soybean plants using enriched stable57Fe as a tracer
Authors: Oliveira Silvana R. , Menegário Amauri A. , Arruda Marco A. Z.
Published: July 2014

A tracer experiment is carried out with transgenic T (variety M 7211 RR) and non-transgenic NT (variety MSOY 8200) soybean plants to evaluate if genetic modification can influence the uptake and translocation of Fe.
Thermo responsive ultrafiltration membranes of grafted poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) via polydopamine
Authors: Tripathi Bijay P. , Dubey Nidhi C. , Simon F. , Stamm M.
Published: July 2014

Thermoresponsive membranes with good antifouling ability and rejection performance were prepared via mussel inspired PNIPAm grafting.
Dynamics of roughening and growth kinetics of CdS–polyaniline thin films synthesized by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique
Authors: Das Nayan M. , Roy Dhrubojyoti , Clarke Nigel , Ganesan V. , Gupta Partha S.
Published: July 2014

Layer variation dynamic scaling properties of CdS–polyaniline Langmuir–Blodgett thin films.
Biocompatible multiblock aliphatic polyesters containing ether-linkages: influence of molecular architecture on solid-state properties and hydrolysis rate
Authors: Gigli Matteo , Govoni Marco , Lotti Nadia , Giordano Emanuele D. , Gazzano Massimo , Munari Andrea
Published: July 2014

A new class of biodegradable and biocompatible multiblock copolyesters containing butylene 1,4- cyclohexanedicarboxylate sequences is presented.
Ruthenium-catalyzed direct C-3 oxidative olefination of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines
Authors: Zhan Haiying , Zhao Limin , Li Naiying , Chen Longbin , Liu Jingyun , Liao Jinqiang , Cao Hua
Published: July 2014

Ruthenium-catalyzed regioselective C-3 oxidative olefination of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Coppercoresilvershell nanoparticle–yolk/shell Fe3O4@chitosan-derived carbon nanoparticle composite as an efficient catalyst for catalytic epoxidation in water
Authors: Nabid Mohammad Reza , Bide Yasamin , Abuali Maryam
Published: July 2014

The fabrication of yolk/shell spheres consisting of a magnetic core and a chitosan-derived porous carbon shell, and plenty of tiny coppercoresilvershell nanoparticles confined within the porous shell, as a catalyst for epoxidation reaction is reported.
Development of bovine serum albumin-modified hybrid nanoclusters for magnetofluorescence imaging and drug delivery
Authors: Fahmi Mochamad Zakki , Ou Keng-Liang , Chen Jem-Kun , Ho Ming-Hua , Tzing Shin-Hwa , Chang Jia-Yaw
Published: July 2014

Magnetofluorescent nanoclusters containing oil-soluble nanoparticles of MnFe2O4and AgInS2–ZnS QDs are prepared. The nanoclusters possess photoluminescent and magnetic properties as well as an excellent specific targeting and drug delivery capability on HeLa cancer cell.
Nonstoichiometric calcium pyrophosphate: a highly efficient and selective catalyst for dehydration of lactic acid to acrylic acid
Authors: Ghantani Vidhya C. , Dongare Mohan K. , Umbarkar Shubhangi B.
Published: July 2014

Lactic acid dehydration using a non-stoichiometric calcium pyrophosphate catalyst (Ca/P ratio 0.78) has resulted in 78% acrylic acid yield due to formation of calcium lactate as an intermediate on the catalyst surface.
Fast cholesterol flip-flop and lack of swelling in skin lipid multilayers
Authors: Das Chinmay , Noro Massimo G. , Olmsted Peter D.
Published: July 2014

Molecular simulations show fast flip-flop of cholesterol and lack of swelling in skin lipid multilayers.
Fluorination of anatase TiO2 towards titanium oxyfluoride TiOF2: a novel synthesis approach and proof of the Li-insertion mechanism
Authors: Louvain N. , Karkar Z. , El-Ghozzi M. , Bonnet P. , Guérin K. , Willmann P.
Published: July 2014

The reactivity of pure molecular fluorine F2 allows the creation of new materials with unique electrochemical properties.
Site-selective biomineralization of native biological membranes
Authors: Busch Annegret P. , Rhinow Daniel , Yang Fang , Reinhardt Hendrik , Beyer André , Gölzhäuser Armin , Hampp Norbert
Published: July 2014

Genetical modification of integral membrane proteins with poly-arginine sequences enables site-selective silicification of a native biological membrane.
Direct observation of the nanocomplex surface reorganization of antifouling silicones containing a highly mobile PEO-silane amphiphile
Authors: Hawkins Melissa L. , Rufin Marc A. , Raymond Jeffery E. , Grunlan Melissa A.
Published: July 2014

The water-driven, dynamic nanoscale reorganization of PEO-silane amphiphiles within a silicone matrix was directly observedviaatomic force microscopy.
Controlled hybridization of Sn–SnO2 nanoparticles via simple-programmed microfluidic processes for tunable ultraviolet and blue emissions
Authors: Li Shuai , Zhong Xiaodi , Song Yujun , Shen Xiaomiao , Sun Jiaguang , Song Yuanjun , Wang Rongming , Zhu Min , Zhong Haizheng , Zheng Aiguo
Published: July 2014

Simple programmed microfluidic processes show the precise morphology and crystal structure controlled synthesis of nanohybrids using Sn–SnO2 nanohybrids as models.
The small GTPase Rap1 promotes cell movement rather than stabilizes adhesion in epithelial cells responding to insulin-like growth factor I
Authors: Guvakova Marina A. , Lee William S. Y. , Furstenau Dana K. , Prabakaran Indira , Li David C. , Hung Rupert , Kushnir Natasha
Published: July 2014

The Ras-related GTPase Rap1 promotes cell adhesion and migration. Although the significance of Rap1 contribution to cell migration is increasingly being recognized, little is known about the biochemical mechanisms driving this process. In the present study, we discovered a previously unidentified regulatory role of insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) receptor (IGF-IR) in CRK Src homology 3 (SH3)-binding guanine-nucleotide-releasing protein (C3G)–Rap1–fascin–actin axis promoting cell movement. We demonstrate that a burst of Rap1 activity, rather than presumed hyperactivation, is imperative for the onset of cell movement. We show that while autophosphorylated IGF-IR signals to C3G to activate Rap1, subsequent IGF-IR internalization promotes gradual inactivation of Rap1 by putative Rap1 GTPase-activating protein (GAP). Additionally, IGF-IR signalling recruits active Rap1 at sites of cell motile protrusions. C3G depletion prevents IGF-I-induced fascin accumulation at actin microspikes and blocks protrusions. In the absence of IGF-IR activity, the wild-type (WT) Rap1 and the constitutively active V12Rap1 mutant remain in cell–cell contacts. Forced inactivation of Rap1 signalling by overexpressing dominant negative N17Rap1, Rap1GAP or by silencing C3G has a detrimental effect on filamentous (F)-actin and cell adhesion irrespective of IGF-IR signalling. We conclude that the basal levels of Rap1 activity holds up cell adhesion, whereas sequential regulation of C3G and GAP by IGF-IR reverses the labile Rap1 function from supporting adhesion to promoting migration.
cAMP ameliorates inflammation by modulation of macrophage receptor for advanced glycation end-products
Authors: Motoyoshi So , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Munesue Seiichi , Igawa Hirobumi , Harashima Ai , Saito Hidehito , Han Dong , Watanabe Takuo , Sato Hiroshi , Yamamoto Hiroshi
Published: July 2014

Clarification of the roles of PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and DAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns) is indispensable for therapeutic strategies against various inflammatory diseases. RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products) is one of the PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) and has been implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Effective remedies targeting RAGE are required for the diseases. In the present study, we show that cAMP-induced modulation of the RAGE isoform in macrophages can control the inflammatory state in both in vitro and in vivo experimental conditions. The RAGE ligand S100B stimulated MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) secretion from peritoneal macrophages, but cAMP elevation suppressed it by converting the RAGE isoform from a membrane-bound into a soluble form. This shedding is the result of ectodomain cleavage of mRAGE (membrane-bound RAGE) by MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9). Furthermore, forskolin significantly inhibited peritoneal macrophage accumulation in a mouse S100B-induced peritonitis model. These results suggest that cAMP serves as a negative regulator of ligand–RAGE signalling and macrophage recruitment by mRAGE down-regulation and formation of decoys as soluble receptors. The present study should deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of RAGE-mediated tissue derangement and provide new clues for overcoming RAGE-related inflammatory diseases.
hnRNP K in PU.1-containing complexes recruited at theCD11bpromoter: a distinct role in modulating granulocytic and monocytic differentiation of AML-derived cells
Authors: Nika Ervin , Brugnoli Federica , Piazzi Manuela , Lambertini Elisabetta , Grassilli Silvia , Bavelloni Alberto , Piva Roberta , Capitani Silvano , Bertagnolo Valeria
Published: July 2014

PU.1 is essential for the differentiation of haemopoietic precursors and is strongly implicated in leukaemogenesis, yet the protein interactions that regulate its activity in different myeloid lineages are still largely unknown. In the present study, by combining fluorescent EMSA (electrophoretic mobility-shift assay) with MS, we reveal the presence of hnRNP K (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K) in molecular complexes that PU.1 forms on the CD11b promoter during the agonist-induced maturation of AML (acute myeloid leukaemia)-derived cells along both the granulocytic and the monocytic lineages. Although hnRNP K and PU.1 act synergistically during granulocytic differentiation, hnRNP K seems to have a negative effect on PU.1 activity during monocytic maturation. Since hnRNP K acts as a docking platform, integrating signal transduction pathways to nucleic acid-directed processes, it may assist PU.1 in activating or repressing transcription by recruiting lineage-specific components of the transcription machinery. It is therefore possible that hnRNP K plays a key role in the mechanisms underlying the specific targeting of protein–protein interactions identified as mediators of transcriptional activation or repression and may be responsible for the block of haemopoietic differentiation.
Novel humanD-amino acid oxidase inhibitors stabilize an active-site lid-open conformation
Authors: Terry-Lorenzo Ryan T. , Chun Lawrence E. , Brown Scott P. , Heffernan Michele L. R. , Fang Q. Kevin , Orsini Michael A. , Pollegioni Loredano , Hardy Larry W. , Spear Kerry L. , Large Thomas H.
Published: July 2014

The NMDAR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) is a central regulator of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. hDAAO (human D-amino acid oxidase) indirectly reduces NMDAR activity by degrading the NMDAR co-agonist D-serine. Since NMDAR hypofunction is thought to be a foundational defect in schizophrenia, hDAAO inhibitors have potential as treatments for schizophrenia and other nervous system disorders. Here, we sought to identify novel chemicals that inhibit hDAAO activity. We used computational tools to design a focused, purchasable library of compounds. After screening this library for hDAAO inhibition, we identified the structurally novel compound, ‘compound 2’ [3-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)propanoic acid], which displayed low nM hDAAO inhibitory potency (Ki=7 nM). Although the library was expected to enrich for compounds that were competitive for both D-serine and FAD, compound 2 actually was FAD uncompetitive, much like canonical hDAAO inhibitors such as benzoic acid. Compound 2 and an analog were independently co-crystalized with hDAAO. These compounds stabilized a novel conformation of hDAAO in which the active-site lid was in an open position. These results confirm previous hypotheses regarding active-site lid flexibility of mammalian D-amino acid oxidases and could assist in the design of the next generation of hDAAO inhibitors.
Hypoxia activates IKK–NF-κB and the immune response in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bandarra Daniel , Biddlestone John , Mudie Sharon , Muller H. Arno , Rocha Sonia
Published: July 2014

Hypoxia, or low oxygen availability, is an important physiological and pathological stimulus for multicellular organisms. Molecularly, hypoxia activates a transcriptional programme directed at restoration of oxygen homoeostasis and cellular survival. In mammalian cells, hypoxia not only activates the HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) family, but also additional transcription factors such as NF-κB (nuclear factor κB). Here we show that hypoxia activates the IKK–NF-κB [IκB (inhibitor of nuclear factor κB)–NF-κB] pathway and the immune response in Drosophila melanogaster. We show that NF-κB activation is required for organism survival in hypoxia. Finally, we identify a role for the tumour suppressor Cyld, as a negative regulator of NF-κB in response to hypoxia in Drosophila. The results indicate that hypoxia activation of the IKK–NF-κB pathway and the immune response is an important and evolutionary conserved response.
Microdevices for examining immunological responses of single cells to HIV
Authors: Choi Jonghoon , Jeong Yoon , Han Hyung-Seop , Lee Kwan Hyi
Published: July 2014

More than 60 million people in the world have been diagnosed with HIV infections since the virus was recognized as the causative agent of AIDS in the 1980s. Even though more than half of the infected patients have died, effective disease treatment and prevention measures have not been established. ART (antiretroviral therapy) is the only proven HIV treatment that sustains the suppression of patient viraemia. Current routine approaches to treat HIV infections are targeted at developing vaccines that will induce humoral or cell memory immune responses. However, developing an effective vaccine has been challenging because the HIV mutates rapidly, which allows the virus to evade immune surveillances established against the previous strain. In addition, the virus is able to quickly establish a reservoir and treatment is difficult because of the general lack of knowledge about HIV immune response mechanisms. This review introduces common disease symptoms and the progression of HIV infection with a brief summary of the current treatment approaches. Different cellular immune responses against HIV are also discussed, with emphasis on a nanotechnology research that has focused on probing T-cell response to HIV infection. Furthermore, we discuss recent noteworthy nanotechnology updates on T-cell response screening that is focused on HIV infection. Finally, we review potential future treatment strategies based on the correlations between T-cell response and HIV infection.
Describing Treatment Intensity in Milieu Teaching Interventions for Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Review
Authors: Parker-McGowan Quannah , Chen Mo , Reichle Joe , Pandit Shivani , Johnson LeAnne , Kreibich Shelley
Published: July 2014

Purpose

This investigation aimed to apply the dosage framework proposed by Warren, Fey, and Yoder (2007) to variations of milieu language teaching intervention strategies to explore how each of the dosage parameters (i.e., dose, dose form, dose frequency, total duration, and cumulative intervention intensity) was reported in the located empirically based applications with learners between birth and 23 years of age.

Method

A systematic search located existing studies that implemented a milieu teaching intervention for children with developmental disabilities. Dosage data were then extracted from 42 studies along with study characteristics and participant characteristics.

Results

Only 37.8% of empirical investigations provided a clear definition of treatment intensity and reported the full range of dosage parameters, thus making it difficult to compare the results across investigations. Of the investigations that reported on all dosage parameters, the majority were single-case design as opposed to group design studies.

Conclusions

Given the limited reporting of dosage parameters in existing studies, there is a need for closer attention to reporting this information in early communication intervention protocols. Replication and customization of interventions for learners experiencing developmental disabilities will only be possible with additional empirical examination of dosage parameters.
New approach for sharing wind generation spatial diversification in multi‐area power systems using trade‐off analysis
Authors: Abdullah Md. Abu , Muttaqi Kashem M. , Agalgaonkar Ashish P. , Sutanto Danny
Published: July 2014

Wind is one of the fast growing renewable resources that can significantly contribute in achieving emission‐free electricity generation system. Since wind resources are distributed across geographical locations, wind resource sharing among different geographical locations is essential to facilitate wind energy penetration and its full utilisation. A wind resource sharing strategy, for interconnected electricity networks, to achieve the national and regional renewable energy target is presented in this study. A multi‐objective decision making problem has been formulated to optimally share the installed wind generation capacity in a multi‐area power systems. Computational models have been developed for wind generation adequacy, emission reduction from wind energy and capacity upgrade requirements for tie‐line interconnections. Trade‐off analysis has been used to select the best wind resource sharing options. The proposed wind resource sharing strategy has been applied to the interconnected power systems operated within the National Electricity Market (NEM) framework of Southeast Australia to share the available wind resources within the geographical areas of the participating states in the NEM.
Direct observation of intermolecular interactions mediated by hydrogen bonding
Authors: De Marco Luigi , Thämer Martin , Reppert Mike , Tokmakoff Andrei
Published: July 2014

Although intermolecular interactions are ubiquitous in physicochemical phenomena, their dynamics have proven difficult to observe directly, and most experiments rely on indirect measurements. Using broadband two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2DIR), we have measured the influence of hydrogen bonding on the intermolecular vibrational coupling between dimerized N-methylacetamide molecules. In addition to strong intramolecular coupling between N–H and C=O oscillators, cross-peaks in the broadband 2DIR spectrum appearing upon dimerization reveal strong intermolecular coupling that changes the character of the vibrations. In addition, dimerization changes the effects of intramolecular coupling, resulting in Fermi resonances between high and low-frequency modes. These results illustrate how hydrogen bonding influences the interplay of inter- and intramolecular vibrations, giving rise to correlated nuclear motions and significant changes in the vibrational structure of the amide group. These observations have direct impact on modeling and interpreting the IR spectra of proteins. In addition, they illustrate a general approach to direct molecular characterization of intermolecular interactions.
FK-DLR properties of a quantum multi-type Bose-gas with a repulsive interaction
Authors: Suhov Y. , Stuhl I.
Published: July 2014

The paper extends earlier results from Suhov and Kelbert [“FK-DLR states of a quantum Bose-gas with a hardcore interaction,” arXiv:1304.0782] and Suhov et al. [“Shift-invariance for FK-DLR states of a 2D quantum Bose-gas,” arXiv:1304.4177] about infinite-volume quantum bosonic states (FK-DLR states) to the case of multi-type particles with non-negative interactions. (An example is a quantum Widom–Rowlinson model.) Following the strategy from Suhov and Kelbert and Suhov et al., we establish that, for the values of fugacity z ∈ (0, 1) and inverse temperature β > 0, finite-volume Gibbs states form a compact family in the thermodynamic limit. Next, in dimension two we show that any limit-point state (an FK-DLR state in the terminology adopted in Suhov and Kelbert and Suhov et al.) is translation-invariant.
The ionization potential of aqueous hydroxide computed using many-body perturbation theory
Authors: Opalka Daniel , Pham Tuan Anh , Sprik Michiel , Galli Giulia
Published: July 2014

The ionization potentials of electrolyte solutions provide important information about the electronic structure of liquids and solute-solvent interactions. We analyzed the positions of solute and solvent bands of aqueous hydroxide and the influence of the solvent environment on the ionization potential of hydroxide ions. We used the concept of a computational hydrogen electrode to define absolute band positions with respect to vacuum. We found that many-body perturbation theory in the G0 W0 approximation substantially improves the relative and absolute positions of the band edges of solute and solvent with respect to those obtained within Density Functional Theory, using semi-local functionals, yielding results in satisfactory agreement with recent experiments.
Accurate calculations of bound rovibrational states for argon trimer
Authors: Brandon Drew , Poirier Bill
Published: July 2014

This work presents a comprehensive quantum dynamics calculation of the bound rovibrational eigenstates of argon trimer (Ar3), using the ScalIT suite of parallel codes. The Ar3 rovibrational energy levels are computed to a very high level of accuracy (10−3 cm−1 or better), and up to the highest rotational and vibrational excitations for which bound states exist. For many of these rovibrational states, wavefunctions are also computed. Rare gas clusters such as Ar3 are interesting because the interatomic interactions manifest through long-range van der Waals forces, rather than through covalent chemical bonding. As a consequence, they exhibit strong Coriolis coupling between the rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom, as well as highly delocalized states, all of which renders accurate quantum dynamical calculation difficult. Moreover, with its (comparatively) deep potential well and heavy masses, Ar3 is an especially challenging rare gas trimer case. There are a great many rovibrational eigenstates to compute, and a very high density of states. Consequently, very few previous rovibrational state calculations for Ar3 may be found in the current literature—and only for the lowest-lying rotational excitations.
Real time and simultaneous measurement of displacement and temperature using fiber loop with polymer coating and fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhang Weigang , Liu Yongji , Wang Li , Sieg Jonathan , Wang Biao , Zhou Quan , Zhang Liyu , Yan Tieyi
Published: July 2014

An all-fiber sensor scheme for real time and simultaneous displacement and temperature measurement is presented and demonstrated. The sensor head is formed by cascading a fiber loop with polymer coating with a fiber Bragg grating. The compatibility of the two components is fully utilized. A sensor resolution of 0.14314 V/μm in displacement and 0.00795 nm/°C in temperature are experimentally achieved within a displacement range of 0–50 μm and a temperature range of 20 °C–75 °C, respectively. The fiber loop with the protection of polymer coating is mechanically reliable, which means the sensor head also suits measuring dynamic displacement. A 500 Hz mechanical micro-vibration is successfully measured by the proposed sensor experimentally. In the last part, we perform a test making the sensor reach its maximum deformation and find the surviving sensor still possesses the same responsiveness as before.
An arc control and protection system for the JET lower hybrid antenna based on an imaging system
Authors: Figueiredo J. , Mailloux J. , Kirov K. , Kinna D. , Stamp M. , Devaux S. , Arnoux G. , Edwards J. S. , Stephen A. V. , McCullen P. , Hogben C. ,   JET EFDA Contributors
Published: July 2014

Arcs are the potentially most dangerous events related to Lower Hybrid (LH) antenna operation. If left uncontrolled they can produce damage and cause plasma disruption by impurity influx. To address this issue an arc real time control and protection imaging system for the Joint European Torus (JET) LH antenna has been implemented. The LH system is one of the additional heating systems at JET. It comprises 24 microwave generators (klystrons, operating at 3.7 GHz) providing up to 5 MW of heating and current drive to the JET plasma. This is done through an antenna composed of an array of waveguides facing the plasma. The protection system presented here is based primarily on an imaging arc detection and real time control system. It has adapted the ITER like wall hotspot protection system using an identical CCD camera and real time image processing unit. A filter has been installed to avoid saturation and spurious system triggers caused by ionization light. The antenna is divided in 24 Regions Of Interest (ROIs) each one corresponding to one klystron. If an arc precursor is detected in a ROI, power is reduced locally with subsequent potential damage and plasma disruption avoided. The power is subsequently reinstated if, during a defined interval of time, arcing is confirmed not to be present by image analysis. This system was successfully commissioned during the restart phase and beginning of the 2013 scientific campaign. Since its installation and commissioning, arcs and related phenomena have been prevented. In this contribution we briefly describe the camera, image processing, and real time control systems. Most importantly, we demonstrate that an LH antenna arc protection system based on CCD camera imaging systems works. Examples of both controlled and uncontrolled LH arc events and their consequences are shown.
Thermal effect on magnetic parameters of high-coercivity cobalt ferrite
Authors: Chagas E. F. , Ponce A. S. , Prado R. J. , Silva G. M. , Bettini J. , Baggio-Saitovitch E.
Published: July 2014

We prepared very high-coercivity cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by a combustion method and using short-time high-energy mechanical milling to increase strain and the structural defects density. The coercivity (HC) of the milled sample reached 3.75 kOe—a value almost five times higher than that obtained for the non-milled material (0.76 kOe). To investigate the effect of the temperature on the magnetic behavior of the milled sample, we performed a thermal treatment on the milled sample at 300, 400, and 600 °C for 30 and 180 min. We analyzed the changes in the magnetic behavior of the nanoparticles due to the thermal treatment using the hysteresis curves, Williamson-Hall analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal treatment at 600 °C causes decreases in the microstructural strain and density of structural defects resulting in a significant decrease in HC. Furthermore, this thermal treatment increases the size of the nanoparticles and, as a consequence, there is a substantial increase in the saturation magnetization (MS). The HC of the samples treated at 600 °C for 30 and 180 min were 2.24 and 1.93 kOe, respectively, and the MS of these same samples increased from 57 emu/g to 66 and 70 emu/g, respectively. The HC and the MS are less affected by the thermal treatment at 300 and 400 °C.
Thermal transport properties of metal/MoS2 interfaces from first principles
Authors: Mao Rui , Kong Byoung Don , Kim Ki Wook
Published: July 2014

Thermal transport properties at the metal/MoS2 interfaces are analyzed by using an atomistic phonon transport model based on the Landauer formalism and first-principles calculations. The considered structures include chemisorbed Sc(0001)/MoS2 and Ru(0001)/MoS2, physisorbed Au(111)/MoS2, as well as Pd(111)/MoS2 with intermediate characteristics. Calculated results illustrate a distinctive dependence of thermal transfer on the details of interfacial microstructures. More specifically, the chemisorbed case with a stronger bonding exhibits a generally smaller interfacial thermal resistance than the physisorbed. Comparison between metal/MoS2 and metal/graphene systems suggests that metal/MoS2 is significantly more resistive. Further examination of lattice dynamics identifies the presence of multiple distinct atomic planes and bonding patterns at the interface as the key origins of the observed large thermal resistance.
Proteome-wide remodeling of protein location and function by stress
Authors: Lee KiYoung , Sung Min-Kyung , Kim Jihyun , Kim Kyung , Byun Junghyun , Paik Hyojung , Kim Bongkeun , Huh Won-Ki , Ideker Trey
Published: July 2014

Significance

Protein location and function are dependent on diverse cell states. We develop a conditional function predictor (CoFP) for proteome-wide prediction of condition-specific locations and functions of proteins. In addition to highly accurate retrieval of condition-dependent locations and functions in individual conditions, CoFP successfully discovers dynamic function changes of yeast proteins, including Tsr1, Caf120, Dip5, Skg6, Lte1, and Nnf2, under DNA-damaging stresses. Beyond specific predictions, CoFP reveals a global landscape of changes in protein location and function, highlighting a surprising number of proteins that translocate from the mitochondria to the nucleus or from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus under stress. CoFP has the potential to discover previously unidentified condition-specific locations and functions under diverse conditions of cellular growth.
Genomic characterization of three unique
Dehalococcoides
that respire on persistent polychlorinated biphenyls
Authors: Wang Shanquan , Chng Kern Rei , Wilm Andreas , Zhao Siyan , Yang Kun-Lin , Nagarajan Niranjan , He Jianzhong
Published: July 2014

Significance

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as persistent organic pollutants are widespread in the sediments of lakes, rivers, and harbors. Although the PCB detoxification through microbial reductive dechlorination has been extensively studied for more than 20 y, the difficulty in cultivating PCB dechlorinators in pure culture impedes further characterization, optimization, and application in in situ bioremediation. By combining traditional culture techniques with next-generation sequencing technology, this study reports the successful cultivation and characterization of three PCB-respiring
Dehalococcoides mccartyi
strains in pure culture and identification of their key functional genes, which advances the PCB bioremediation and our understanding of organohalide respiration of PCBs.
ASP-G: an ASP-based method for finding attractors in genetic regulatory networks
Authors: Mushthofa Mushthofa , Torres Gustavo , Van de Peer Yves , Marchal Kathleen , De Cock Martine
Published: July 2014

Motivation: Boolean network models are suitable to simulate GRNs in the absence of detailed kinetic information. However, reducing the biological reality implies making assumptions on how genes interact (interaction rules) and how their state is updated during the simulation (update scheme). The exact choice of the assumptions largely determines the outcome of the simulations. In most cases, however, the biologically correct assumptions are unknown. An ideal simulation thus implies testing different rules and schemes to determine those that best capture an observed biological phenomenon. This is not trivial because most current methods to simulate Boolean network models of GRNs and to compute their attractors impose specific assumptions that cannot be easily altered, as they are built into the system.

Results: To allow for a more flexible simulation framework, we developed ASP-G. We show the correctness of ASP-G in simulating Boolean network models and obtaining attractors under different assumptions by successfully recapitulating the detection of attractors of previously published studies. We also provide an example of how performing simulation of network models under different settings help determine the assumptions under which a certain conclusion holds. The main added value of ASP-G is in its modularity and declarativity, making it more flexible and less error-prone than traditional approaches. The declarative nature of ASP-G comes at the expense of being slower than the more dedicated systems but still achieves a good efficiency with respect to computational time.

Availability and implementation: The source code of ASP-G is available at http://bioinformatics.intec.ugent.be/kmarchal/Supplementary_Information_Musthofa_2014/asp-g.zip .

Contact : Kathleen.Marchal@UGent.be or Martine.DeCock@UGent.be

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mapping inshore fishing activity using aerial, land, and vessel-based sighting information
Authors: Breen Patricia , Vanstaen Koen , Clark Robert W. E.
Published: July 2014

Information on the distribution and intensity of inshore fishing activity is needed to inform marine spatial planning and to assess fisheries interactions with the environment and other industries. Although fishing vessels under 15 m (overall length) account for 98.4% (2011 value) by the number of the European fleet, information on inshore fishing activity in Europe is very limited as there is no statutory satellite monitoring of smaller vessels (<15 m length before 2012, <12 m thereafter). Here, we develop, present, and apply a method which uses sightings-per-unit-effort (SPUE) estimates calculated from fisheries enforcement data to describe the distribution and intensity of inshore fishing activity off the coasts of England and Wales. For the larger inshore vessels, the SPUE estimates of activity were validated with vessel monitoring system (VMS) data and showed good agreement at the scale of analysis. Fishing activity estimates from SPUE are presented with an assessment of uncertainty, to account for spatial differences in enforcement activity. Our estimates of the distribution and intensity of inshore fishing activity and will complement estimates of offshore fishing activity based on VMS.
Augustus
Authors: Cooley Alison E.
Published: July 2014

Augustus, famous as Rome’s first emperor, came to power in the aftermath of his defeat of Antony and Cleopatra. The benefit of hindsight allows us to view him as the founder of a new political system at Rome, known as the Principate. This neat summary obscures the fact that the period of Augustus’s rule was one of experimentation and innovation, exploring what the place of Augustus and his family should be within the structures of Roman society. The period is distinctive both for its innovative approach toward visual and material culture, notably art and architecture, coins, and inscriptions, and for claims to be restoring traditional Roman virtues, particularly in the sphere of religion. It also produced the Golden Age of Latin poetry, represented especially by Virgil, Propertius, Horace, and Ovid. Their works give insights into the moral and emotional compass of their world, engaging with public life and politics, but not in the form of propaganda. The whole of Roman society was restructured during this period. The introduction of an imperial court, with domus Augusta (“Augustan household,” i.e., the emperor and his relations) and familia Caesaris (slaves and freedmen associated with the emperor and his family) at its center, produced new structures of administration and government, while existing bodies, notably the Senate and equestrian order, were overhauled and their roles redefined. New laws on marriage, adultery, and the manumission of slaves were introduced to maintain the quality of the Roman citizen body. Financial reforms included the introduction of new coinage, setting up a new state mint at Lugdunum, and the establishment of a military treasury in Rome. Colonies were founded in many parts of the empire, and cities in both Italy and the provinces experienced a striking phase of monumental development, while the appearance of the city of Rome itself was radically modified, with particular emphasis on honoring the gods and providing amenities for the plebs. These benefits arose from the long period of peace ushered in by Augustus ending decades of civil wars, but the outbreak of peace did not exclude ongoing military campaigns beyond Italy. Augustus claimed at the end of his life that he had conquered the whole known world. Membership in the Roman army became a profession, bound to Augustus, who increasingly monopolized traditional military honors. By the time Augustus died in 14 ce, society at Rome, in Italy, and in the provinces had been radically transformed.
Contemporary Philosophy of Medicine
Authors: Marcum James
Published: July 2014

Contemporary medicine is fragmented in terms of approaches to what it is or should be, as well as to how it is or should be practiced. Approaches to the nature of medicine range from traditional logical and empirical accounts to humanistic and phenomenological ones, while approaches to its practice range from Evidence-Based Medicine to Patient-Centered Medicine. These approaches often involve different philosophical perspectives. For example, a reductionist perspective is foundational to standard biomedicine, whereas a holistic perspective is foundational to integrative medicine. In the present bibliography, entries on General Overviews, Edited Volumes, professional Journals, and online resources are listed initially, followed by different approaches to medicine’s nature and practice, ranging from the Logic of Medicine to Integrative Medicine. The bibliography concludes with entries on Medical Ontology, including Disease, Health, and Medical Causation, and on Medical Epistemology, including Medical Knowledge and Explanation, Medical Informatics, and Clinical Judgment and Decision Making. Finally, the bioethics and medical ethics literature has not been included, since it constitutes a separate field of scholarship in the philosophy of medicine.
Culturally Responsive Leadership
Authors: Johnson Lauri , Fuller Carrie
Published: July 2014

Culturally responsive leadership, derived from the concept of culturally responsive pedagogy, involves those leadership philosophies, practices, and policies that create inclusive schooling environments for students and families from ethnically and culturally diverse backgrounds. Common practices include emphasizing high expectations for student achievement; incorporating the history, values, and cultural knowledge of students’ home communities in the school curriculum; working to develop a critical consciousness among both students and faculty to challenge inequities in the larger society; and creating organizational structures at the school and district level that empower students and parents from diverse racial and ethnic communities. Similar terms used to describe this approach to leadership include culturally proficient leadership, culturally relevant leadership, culture-based leadership, cultural competency, multicultural leadership, and leadership for diversity. Although there are subtle differences in how authors and researchers employ these different terms, in general these approaches encourage teacher leaders, school principals, and district-level leaders to “lead for diversity” and work with teachers, parents, and the larger community to develop curriculum frameworks, pedagogical practices, and organizational structures and routines that are consistent with the cultural orientations of ethnically diverse students and their families. While much of the investigation of culturally responsive practices has focused on classroom teaching, recent efforts have applied a culturally responsive framework to school leadership. In general, these studies characterize culturally responsive school leaders as those who emphasize high expectations for student academic achievement, exhibit an ethic of care, promote inclusive instructional practices, and develop organizational structures that empower parents and the larger community in the life of the school. Culturally responsive leadership often overlaps with “leadership for social justice” approaches, a term that has been prevalent in the US educational literature and focuses on improving the educational experiences and outcomes for all students, particularly those who have been traditionally marginalized in schools. While this bibliography incorporates some sources that focus on socially just leadership, it emphasizes those school leadership theories and practices that respond to issues of ethnicity, culture, language, and race.
Death, Dying, and Communication
Authors: Thompson Teresa , Cusella Louis P.
Published: July 2014

Besides birth, there is nothing more inherent to life than death and the process of dying—despite the off-quoted aphorism including taxes in that list. Although that notion of inherency seems obvious, there is much evidence to indicate that many human beings go to considerable effort to avoid the reality of the naturalness of death. On one level, that is understandable, as we are indeed born with a struggle to survive for as long as we can. But a more reasoned level should remind us that recognition of the inherency of death requires a different approach and an ability to confront reality and be able to talk about it. The research on dying and death issues from a communication perspective focuses on the struggle to move to that level of acceptance and to dialogue about it. That is the focus of this bibliography. It should be noted that much of the medical literature that addresses the topic culminates in the same exhortation: We need more communication at end of life. This simplistic conceptualization that “more” is “better” does little to expand our understanding of the process of communication during the terminal stages of life. An attempt has been made to include as little of the “more is better” writing as possible. Death, like health and illness, is socially constructed. What we come to see as “natural” is instead a construction based on language and culture, which becomes relevant not only to historically changing views of death but also to cultural differences. Historically, a good life was associated with a good death. That conceptualization is still true in some cultures, but that association has disappeared in many modern views. Instead, death avoidance has become predominant, and there is frequently a general desire for death to be seen as being separate from life, rather than a natural part of life. After covering some core texts, journals, theoretical perspectives, and methodological approaches, this bibliography moves to a focus on palliative team care and related processes. This emphasis reflects the dominance of palliative team care (simultaneous with curative care, in most cases) in the dying process. Some processes related to palliative team care follow, including hospice, children, families, spirituality/religion, cultural issues, death fear/avoidance, the tension between maintaining hope and allowing openness, advance directives, bad news/prognosis, and issues focused particularly on care providers. This bibliography culminates with a discussion of ethical concerns, although ethics are inherent in all work on this topic.