bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Genetic Diversity of Spirometra Tapeworm Isolates From Snakes in The Hunan Province of Central China
Authors: Gong Tengfang , Xu Fangfang , Li Fen , He Junlin , Chen Shuyu , Li Wenchao , Xie Xinrui , Liu Yisong , Zhang Xi , Liu Wei
Published: July 2021

Background: Sparganosis, caused by the larval plerocercoid of Spirometra tapeworms, still poses a potential public health hazard in China. Snakes are an important source of infection for human sparganosis; however, insufficient studies on the population genetics of Spirometra isolates from snakes have occurred to date. This study collected 67 Spirometra isolates from snakes, and several definitive hosts (Panthera tigris, Prionailurus bengalensis, Felis silvestris), in 15 geographical locations in Hunan Province of central China. They were identified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Next, these isolates’ population genetic diversity and phylogenetic pattern were explored based on mitochondrial cytb and cox1 genes. Results: All Spirometra isolates collected in the Hunan Province belonged to the genotype of the Korean “Spirometra decipiens” (KJ599679). The genetic diversity analysis based on concatenated sequences revealed no distinct genetic structure among Spirometra populations. Conclusions: The phylogenetic analysis supported the distinction between Polish and Chinese Spirometra isolates. The taxonomy of Spirometra spp. remains ambiguous; more morphological and molecular studies are necessary to clarify the systematics of the genus of Spirometra.
A Bayesian Inference Procedure for structural characterization of Nigerian Tropical Forest
Authors: AKINBIOLA SEHINDE , Salami Ayobami , Awotoye Olusegun
Published: July 2021

The complexity of the tropical forest structure remains a challenge in forest physiognomy assessment, which is a crucial indicator of forest productivity with implications on the carbon cycle, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. The study assessed structural characteristics, described variability within forest stands, and estimated carbon stocks using simulation tools and tree modeling to focus on understanding and quantifying ecological relationships. The study discovered a site-specific wood density difference of 0.07g/cm3 compared with the generalized wood density for tropical forests by Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO). Carbon stocks estimated with this site-specific wood density produced; 174 Mg Ca / ha-1, 155 Mg Ca / ha-1, and 78 Mg Ca / ha-1, respectively, from three sampled Forest Reserves. Furthermore, the result showed that the forest clusters' most productive layers (emergent and canopy layers) were predominantly hardwood species interspersed with softwood species with huge diameters. The height-diameter model indicated that although the height was a better predictor of the forest structural layer than the diameter, there was no clear margin for grouping species into layers in the region because of interspecies variations, temperature, and anthropogenic activities. The Bayesian Inference procedure provided a reliable approach for carbon stock estimate in the tropics with no legacy inventories.
The Prognostic Value of Intratumoral and Peritumoral Tumor-Infiltrating FoxP3+Treg Cells in of Pancreatic Cancers: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hu Lingyu , Zhu Mingyuan , Shen Yiyu , Zhong Zhengxiang , Wu Bin
Published: July 2021

Background: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are major participants in the tumor microenvironment. The prognostic value of TILs in patients with pancreatic cancer is still controversial. Methods: The aim of our meta-analysis was to determine the impact of FoxP3+Treg cells on the survival of pancreatic cancer patients.We searched for related studies in PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid and Cochrane Library from the time the databases were established to Mar 30, 2017. We identified studies reporting the prognostic value of FoxP3+Treg cells in patients with pancreatic cancer. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS)/progression-free survival (PFS)/relapse-free survival (RFS) were investigated by pooling the data. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to evaluate the association between FoxP3+Treg cells and survival outcomes of pancreatic cancer patients.A total of 972 pancreatic cancer patients from 8 studies were included in our meta-analysis. Results: High levels of infiltration with FoxP3+Treg cells were significantly associated with poor OS (HR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.64–2.77; P<0.05) and poor DFS/PFS/RFS (HR=1.70; 95% CI: 1.04 ~ 2.78; P< 0.05). Similar results were also observed in peritumoral tissue; high levels of FoxP3+Treg cells were associated with poor OS (HR =2.1795% CI, CI: 1.50–3.13).Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated that high levels of intratumoral or peritumoral FoxP3+Treg cell infiltration could be recognized as a negative factor in the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
Role of Phosphorylcholine in Streptococcus Pyogenes Adherence to Epithelial Cells
Authors: Iuchi Hiroyuki , Ohori Junichiro , Tokushige Takeshi , Kiyama Satoshi
Published: July 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of Phosphorylcholine (PC) expression on the adherence and invasion of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) to epithelial cells to clarify the potential effectiveness of a vaccine targeting PC. Methods: Eight clinical strains of S. pyogenes were cultured overnight, and PC expression was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Bacterial adherence and invasion were examined using Detroit 562 cells. An anti-PC-specific monoclonal antibody (TEPC-15) was used to inhibit bacterial PC, and a platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R) antagonist (ABT-491) was used to inhibit cellular PAF-R. Additionally, amplification of the emm gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction with the standard primers. Results: The level of PC expressed on the S. pyogenes surfaces differed in each strain. Furthermore, PC expression was different even in the same emm type. Adherence assay experiments showed that there was a significant negative correlation between TEPC-15 and ABT-491 inhibitory effects and PC expression in S. pyogenes. Similarly, intracellular invasion assay experiments showed that there was a significant negative correlation between TEPC-15 and ABT-491 inhibitory effects and PC expression in S. pyogenes. Conclusion: The present study suggests that PC is involved in the cell adhesion and invasion of S. pyogenes, regardless of the emm type.
Blinded Comparison of Palmaroproximal-palmarodistal-oblique and Dorsoproximal-palmarodistal Oblique Radiographic Projections With Contrast Medium in the Navicular Bursa in Dissected Horse Front Feet With Native Radiographs and Gross Pathology
Authors: Staufenbiel Christian , Gerhards Hartmut , Koerner Jens
Published: July 2021

Background: Equine palmar foot syndrome is a common cause of chronic lameness. Radiographic and ultrasound imaging are sometimes insufficient to examine the podotrochlear apparatus. MRI and CT have great diagnostic value but are expensive and are not available for all patients. Bursography might become a highly available and inexpensive diagnostic tool for this purpose.Material and Methods: To evaluate the technique, standard palmaroproximal-palmarodistal-oblique (PaPr-PaDiO ) and dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique (DPr-PaDiO) radiographs were acquired both before and after injecting contrast medium in the navicular bursa (NB) and were subsequently compared with gross pathology as gold standard in 48 dissected front feet. For all results a scoring system with 4 groups was introduced. Results: Compared with the gold standard, the fleiss kappa between groups were 0.349, 0.280, 0.358, and 0.455 for DPr-PaDiO, PaPr-PaDiO, DPr-PaDiO contrast enhanced (CE), and PaPr-PaDiO (CE), respectively (P < 0.001). The combined view of native images and the view of all pictures were correlated to the gold standard with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.373 and 0.556, respectively (P < 0.001). The Kruskal-Wallis-Test did not reveal any significant difference between standard radiographs and gross pathology group 1, 2, and 3. Contrast enhanced (CE) radiographs showed significant differences between gross pathology group 1 versus 2 and 3. Group 4 feet (gross pathology score) were remarkably well evaluated by both radiographic imaging techniques. When more than two projections were graded with findings, the respective feet were found to be moderately to severely changed in gross pathology (specificity: 100 %, sensitivity: 41.4 %). 3/13 (23.1%) group 3 and 4/19 (21.1%) group 4 specimens showed altered CE radiographs and unremarkable native radiographs. 2/13 (15.4%) group 3 and 2/19 (10.5%) group 4 feet do not have any findings in radiographs. Conclusion: In the present study, bursography with two additional CE images led to more information on the podotrochlear apparatus compared to native radiographs alone. Some cases with no changes in native radiographs will be detected in bursography, and in specimens with altered native radiographs, the diagnosis will be ensured. Therefore, bursography is a useful tool for diagnosing horses with suspected navicular disease when an MRI is not possible or the NB is injected anyway for therapeutic purposes.
Cystic Lesions in Giant Intraventricular Meningioma: Cases Report
Authors: Yu Hai , He Junhua , Yang Min , Cheng Jun
Published: July 2021

Background: Giant meningioma stemming from intraventricular zone has been reported to be extremely few. Two cases of supersize (>8 cm) intraventricular meningiomas presenting with cystic lesions and their clinical characteristics were collected in our study.Case description: One patient was a 56-year-old man who hospitalized for blunt headache and weakness of right lower limb along with defect of right visual field for 12 months. The other patient is a 22-year-old lady presented with slight headache accompanied with right facial numbness for one week. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of both patients revealed a giant heterogeneous, enhancing tumor mainly in the left trigonum with a low-density or hypointense cystic lesions located within or around the tumor. Total resection was performed via a transcortical approach in both cases. The pathological and immunohistochemical staining indicated fibroblastic meningioma (case one) and atypical meningioma (case two) respectively. Postoperatively, both of patients recovered free from episodes of symptoms and imaging examinations confirmed no evidence of regrowth of the meningioma during an average 24 months follow-up. Conclusions: Cystic lesions may indicate the histopathologic malignancy of intraventricular meningioma. Transcortical approach through the posterior temporal lobe or the parieto-occipital lobe is an effective technology for giant intraventricular meningiomas.
Establishment of Dynamic Model of axle Box Bearing of high-speed Train under Variable Speed Conditions
Authors: Liu Yongqiang , Wang Baosen , Zhang Bin , Yang Shaopu
Published: July 2021

This paper establishes a dynamic model of the bearing rotor system of a high-speed train under variable speed conditions. Different from previous works, the proposed model simplifies the contact stress and considers the compensation balance excitation caused by the rotor mass eccentricity. The angle iteration method is used to solve the challenging problem that the roller space position cannot be determined in bearing rotation. The simulation results show that the model accurately describes the dynamics of bearing under varying speed profiles that contain acceleration, deceleration and speed oscillation stages. The order ratio spectrum of the bearing vibration signal indicates that both single frequency and multiple frequency in simulation results are consistent with that in theoretical results. Experiments of bearing with outer ring fault and inner ring fault under various operating conditions are presented to verify the developed model.
Synthesis, Characterization of Novel N'(2-Phenoxyacetyl)Nicotinohydrazide and N'(2-Phenoxyacetyl)Isonicotinohydrazide Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Agents
Authors: Pallavi H. M. , Al-Ostoot Fares Hezam , Vivek Hamse Kameshwar , Khanum Shaukath Ara
Published: July 2021

A new derivatives of isonicotinohydrazide 9 (a-e) and 10(a-e) were designed, synthesized, characterized based on the different spectroscopic analysis FT-IR, -1H, -13C-NMR, mass spectra, and also elemental-analyses, and identified as a remarkable anti-inflammatory along with analgesic effect. In-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions were performed using analgesic acetic acid-induced squirming and Hot plate latency tests using male Swiss albino mice. The study was supported by the in-silico and ADMET approaches. Among the series, compound (10e) showed the highest IC50 value for COX-1 inhibition, whereas compounds (9e) and (10e) exhibited the highest COX-2 SI. Further, in silico studies provide a putative bind site for the potent compound in a three-dimensional geometrical view. The results revealed that the title compound (10e) with bromo group exhibited potent COX-2 inhibitor at different times which is on par with the normal drug used in the assay system. Substitution of halogens at N’(2-phenoxyacetyl)nicotinohyrazide showed (10e) potent analgesic outcome on acetic acid-induced squirming response and thermal pain among the series 9(a-e) and 10(a-e). The overall pharmacological result suggests that the newly synthesized compounds possess good anti-inflammatory along with analgesic-activity which was evaluated through in-vitro, in-vivo, and --silico studies.
Maternal and Newborn Health for the Urban Poor: The Need for a New Mental Model and Implementation Strategies to Accelerate Progress
Authors: McNab Shanon , Scudder Elaine , Syed Uzma , Freedman Lynn
Published: July 2021

Background: Urbanization challenges the assumptions that have traditionally influenced maternal and newborn health (MNH) programs. This landscaping outlines the ways in which current mental models for MNH programs have fallen short for urban slum populations, and identifies implications for the global community. We employed a three-pronged approach, including a literature review, key informant interviews with global- and national-level experts, and a case study in Bangladesh. Main Body: Our findings highlight that the current mental model for MNH is inadequate to address the needs of the urban poor. Implementation challenges have arisen from using traditional methods that are not well adapted to traits typically inherent of slum settings. A re-thinking of implementation strategies will also need to consider a paucity of available routine data, lack of formal coordination between stakeholders and providers, and challenging municipal government structures. Innovative approaches, including with communications, outreach, and technology, will be necessary to move beyond traditional rural-centric approaches to MNH. As populations continue to urbanize, common slum dynamics will challenge conventional strategies for health service delivery. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed weaknesses in a system that requires intersectoral collaborations to deliver quality care. Conclusion: To meet the MNH needs of the urban poor, programs will need to be iterative and adaptive, reflective of sociodemographic features. Integrating the social determinants of health into evaluations, using participatory human-centered design processes, and innovative public-private partnerships may prove beneficial in slum settings. But a willingness to rethink the roles of all actors within the delivery system overall may be needed most.
Elevated Myocardial VCAM1 Expression is Associated with Higher Risk of Dilated Cardiomyopathy or Ischemic Heart Disease-caused Heart Failure and Higher Immune Infiltration in Failing Myocardium
Authors: Wang Tongyu , Tian Jiahu , Jin Yuanzhe
Published: July 2021

Background. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are the two most common etiologies of heart failure (HF). Both forms share common characteristics including ventricle dilation in the final stage. Immune mechanisms in HF are increasingly highlighted and have been implicated in the pathogeneses of IHD and DCM. A better understanding of adhesion molecule expression and correlated immune cell infiltration could enhance disease detection and improve therapeutic targets. Objective. This study was performed to explore the common mechanisms underlying IHD and DCM.Methods. After searching the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we selected the GSE42955 and GS57338 datasets for analysis, which contain 29 and 313 samples, respectively. Results. The screening stage revealed that vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) play pivotal roles in regulating DEGs. Subsequent analyses revealed that VCAM1 was differentially expressed in the myocardium and involved in regulating immune cell infiltration. We also found that dysregulated VCAM1 expression was associated with a higher risk of HF by constructing a clinical risk-predicting model. Conclusions. Collectively, our results suggest that VCAM-1 could be used as a biomarker or therapy target for HF.
The Impact of Vertical Off-Centring, Tube Voltage and Phantom Size on CT Numbers: An Experimental Study
Authors: Al-Hayek Yazan , Spuur Kelly , Davidson Rob , Hayre Christopher , Zheng Xiaoming
Published: July 2021

Objectives: This pilot experimental study explores the effect of vertical off-centring on CT numbers in combination with various tube voltages and phantom sizes.Methods: A CIRS Model 062 Electron Density and Combined Head and Body phantom underwent imaging using a Siemens Emotion 16-slice CT and GEMINI GXL scanners. Uniformity was evaluated as a function of vertical off-centring (20, 40, 60, and 80 mm above the gantry iso-centre) using different phantom sizes and tube voltage for ROI positions across the X and Y axis of each phantom. CT number change was assessed by comparing the measured values between anterior (upper) versus posterior (lower) ROIs.Results: The results showed that vertical off-centring and phantom size could account for 92% of the recorded variance and resultant CT number change. The uniformity test recorded a maximum change of 27.2 and 14 HU for peripheral ROIs at 80 mm phantom shift above the gantry iso-centre using the GEMINI GXL and Siemens scanners, respectively. The absolute CT number differences between anterior and posterior ROIs were 13.7 for the 30 cm phantom and 4.8 for the 20 cm phantom at 80 mm vertical off-centring. The most remarkable differences were observed at lower tube voltages.Conclusions: It is essential to highlight the significance of optimal patient centring for CT examinations and the consequences of CT numbers variation on clinical decision making. Phantom off-centring and ROI location have been demonstrated to affect CT number uniformity in this pilot experimental study. This was more evident at peripheral phantom areas, lower tube voltages and larger phantom size.
Addressing Industrial Waste Heat Supply Variability With Organic Rankine Cycle Systems Incorporating Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Saha Bipul Krishna , Chakraborty Basab , Dutta Rohan
Published: July 2021

Industrial low-grade waste heat is lost, wasted and deposited in the atmosphere and is not put to any practical use. Different technologies are available to enable waste heat recovery, which can enhance system energy efficiency and reduce total energy consumption. Power plants are energy-intensive plants with low-grade waste heat. In the case of such plants, recovery of low-grade waste heat is gaining considerable interest. However, in such plants, power generation often varies based on market demand. Such variations may adversely influence any recovery system's performance and the economy, including the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). ORC technologies coupled with Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES) may be used for power generation by utilizing the waste heat from such power plants. The heat of compression in a CES may be stored in thermal energy storage systems and utilized in ORC or Regenerative ORC (RORC) for power generation during the system's discharge cycle. This may compensate for the variation of the waste heat from the power plant, and thereby, the ORC system may always work under-designed capacity. This paper presents the thermo-economic analysis of such an ORC system. In the analysis, a steady-state simulation of the ORC system has been developed in a commercial process simulator after validating the results with experimental data for a typical coke-oven plant. Forty-nine different working fluids were evaluated for power generation parameters, first law efficiencies, purchase equipment cost, and fixed investment payback period to identify the best working fluid.
Morphological, Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptome Studies Reveal The Importance of Different Component Traits During Salinity Stress in Prunus
Authors: Acharya Biswa R. , Sandhu Devinder , Dueñas Christian , Dueñas Marco , Pudussery Manju , Kaundal Amita , Ferreira Jorge F.S. , Suarez Donald L. , Skaggs Todd H.
Published: July 2021

The almond crop has high economic importance on a global scale but its sensitivity to salinity stress can cause severe yield losses. Salt-tolerant rootstocks are vital for crop economic feasibility under saline conditions. Two commercial rootstocks submitted to salinity, and evaluated through different parameters, had contrasting results with the survival rates of 90.6% for ‘Rootpac 40’ (tolerant) and 38.9% for ‘Nemaguard’ (sensitive) under salinity (Electrical conductivity of water = 3 dS m− 1). Under salinity, ‘Rootpac 40’ accumulated less Na and Cl and more K in leaves than ‘Nemaguard’. Increased proline accumulation in ‘Nemaguard’ under salinity was an indicator of the high-stress levels compared to ‘Rootpac 40’. RNA-Seq analysis revealed a higher degree of differential gene expression was controlled by genotype rather than by treatment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) provided insight into the regulation of salinity tolerance in Prunus. DEGs associated with stress signaling pathways and transporters may play essential roles for salinity tolerance in Prunus. Some additional vital players involved in salinity stress in Prunus include CBL10, AKT1, KUP8, Prupe.3G053200 (chloride channel), and Prupe.7G202700 (mechanosensitive ion channel). Genetic components involved in salinity stress identified in this study may be explored to develop new rootstocks suitable for salinity-affected regions.
A Free Fatty Acid Receptor Agonist Inducing Autophagy in HT-29 Cells by Downregulating The AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Fibrin Gel Matrices
Authors: Hoveizi Elham , Rafienia Behnoosh , Shahriari Ali
Published: July 2021

Objective

GW9508, a free fatty acid receptor agonist acts in a G-coupled Protein Receptor 40 (GPR40)-dependent pathway. Here, we investigated the induction of stress oxidative and autophagy by GW9508 in the human colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29) and the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptotic in HT-29 cells.
Methods

HT-29 was treated with GW9508 at a concentrations range of 50–500 µM in fibrin gel. Cell viability was investigated using an MTT assay. Induction of autophagy and apoptosis was assessed through Western blotting for associated proteins, acridine orange staining, MDC staining, qRT-PCR, and electron microscopy. Also, we estimated the molecular interactions between GW9805 and some markers through molecular docking.
Results

GW9508 inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and resulted in autophagy. The induced autophagy in cells was confirmed by the observation of autophagosomes, the presence of autophagy markers, including beclin-1, LC3, AMPK, and lack expression of mTOR and AKT. Moreover, GW9508 treatment significantly increased the expression of catalase and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cells.
Discussion

Our results indicated that GW9508 could induce autophagy by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR in HT-29. Hence, GW9508 is suggested as a novel anti-cancer reagent.
Ultrathin Dual-band Metamaterial Absorber
Authors: Liu Huan , Wang Rui , Wang Junyao , Lang Tianhong , Cui Bowen
Published: July 2021

In this paper, an ultrathin dual-band metamaterial absorber (MMA) is designed. Its top layer consists of two nested split-ring resonators. The calculation result demonstrates that there are two distinct absorption peaks, which are 9.258GHz and 21.336GHz, with absorption rate of 99.78% and 96.91%. It also show polarization-insensitive for normal incident and its thickness is only 1.96% of the wavelength of its lowest absorption frequency. Moreover, we explore the MMA’s absorption mechanism and analyze the influence of main structural parameters on the MMA’s absorption characteristics. The proposed MMA has simple structure and high absorption, it can be applied in electromagnetic stealth, bolometers, sensor and other fields.
Integrated Analysis of lncRNA-associated ceRNA Network Identifies Prognostic lncRNAs in Bladder Cancer Based on Whole Transcriptome Sequencing and TCGA Database
Authors: Xiao Shiwei , Zuo Yigang , Huang Yinglong , Li Yanan , Yuan Dongbo , Ding Mingxia , Wang Haifeng , Wang Jiansong
Published: July 2021

BackgroundBladder cancer (BC) is a serious urinary tract malignancy with high incidences and deaths. Here, we aim to explore the OS-related lncRNAs and mRNAs, and constructed a reliable predicting model for accurately predict BC prognosis. Methods3 matched BC tumor samples and adjacent normal samples were processed by whole transcriptome sequencing. Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs (DE-lncRNAs and DE-mRNAs) were identified with the thresholds |log2 (FC) |>2 and p value <0.05 using DEGseq2 R package. Meantime, 408 BC samples and 19 normal samples were downloaded from TCGA database. And DE-lncRNAs and DE-mRNAs were screened with thresholds |log2(FC) |>0.5 and p value<0.05. The DE-lncRNAs and DE-mRNAs were overlapped between RNA-sequencing data and TCGA data. Then, overall survival (OS)-related DE-lncRNAs and DE-mRNAs were screened and a prognostic gene signature and risk model were constructed using Univariate Cox and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Risk score was calculated based on prognostic gene signature. The independent risk factors were identified with incorporation into clinical risk factors using Univariate Cox and stepwise multiple regression analysis. A predicting model was constructed based on independent factors, and calibrated using Time-dependent ROC curves. Finally, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high-risk and low-risk groups were identified with thresholds |log2(FC) |>0.5 and p value<0.05. And the biofunction was determined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). ResultsA total 2210 DE-lncTNAs and 2334 DE-mRNAs were identified based on whole transcriptome sequencing. And a total 3724 DE-lncRNAs and 2689 DE-mRNAs were identified based on TCGA database. Then, 137 DE-lncRNAs and 278 DE-mRNAs were screened by overlapping RNA sequencing data and TCGA data. A total 13 gene signature were identified to be closely related with OS in BC. Moreover, these 13-OS-related gene signature were identified as independent risk factors with clinical risk factors. Then, a nomogram was constructed and confirmed as the calibration and accuracy predicating model for OS in BC. Finally, a total 739 DEGs were identified between high-risk and low-risk groups, most of DEGs enriched in immune-related pathways. And an OS-related ceRNA network was selected based on 13-OS-related signature. Conclusion﻿Our finding provided novel OS-related prognostic signature and reliable predicting model for BC patients, which might facilitate individualized treatment and prognostic evaluation.
miR-495-3p Depresses Cell Proliferation and Migration By Down-Regulating HMGB1 in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jieling Zhang , Kai Li , Huifen Zheng , Yiping Zhu
Published: July 2021

Background: MicroRNAs play an important role in the genesis and progression of tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), which has a high morbidity and mortality rate. In this research, the role of miR-495-3p and HMGB1 in CRC was investigated.Methods: We performed qRT-PCR to detect the expression of miR-495-3p in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines. Functional experiments such as CCK-8 assay, EDU assay, Transwell assay and apoptosis assay were conducted to explore the effects of miR-495-3p on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of CRC cells in vitro. Then, the use of database prediction, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and functional experiments verified the role of miR-495-3p target gene HMGB1 in CRC. Finally, rescue experiments was performed to investigate whether overexpression of HMGB1 could reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-495-3p on CRC cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro.Results: miR-495-3p was down-regulated in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines, and could inhibit the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells, and promote cell apoptosis. The database prediction and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that HMGB1 was the downstream target gene of miR-495-3p. We finally demonstrated that miR-495-3p inhibited CRC cell proliferation by targeting HMGB1 in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion: Our research shows that miR-495-3p inhibits the progression of colorectal cancer by down-regulating the expression of HMGB1, which indicates that miR-495-3p may become a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
The Role of Religious Leaders On The Use of HIV/AIDS Prevention Strategies Among Young People (15-24) in Lira District, Uganda
Authors: Murungi Tom , Kunihira Irene , Oyella Pamela , Mugerwa Moses , Gift Peruth , Aceng Mercy Jane , Abolo Lydia , Puleh Sean Steven
Published: July 2021

Background: Young people (15-24 years) bear the highest burden of new infections and are particularly vulnerable because of their highly risky behavior. There is paucity of information on the role of religious leaders in the multi-sectoral fight against HIV/AIDS. We examined the role of religious leaders in the use of HIV prevention strategies among young people.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted between March and April 2021 among 422 randomly selected young people in Lira district. An interviewer administered a questionnaire to the young people in order to collect quantitative data. About 20 key informants were purposively sampled and interviews were conducted with religious leaders using a key informant's interview guide. Data was collected on social demographics, HIV prevention messages, and awareness about HIV prevention strategies. Data was analyzed using Stata version 15 using proportions, means, percentages, frequencies, and logistic regression analysis at a 95% level of significance. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic content analysis and the major themes were generated from the participants’ responses.Results: About 57.1% (241/422) of the respondents were females. The prevalence of use of HIV prevention strategies among young people was 69.4%. Factors significantly associated with the use of HIV prevention included completing the primary level (aOR 4.95, p< 0.05), completing at least A level (aOR 8.85, p < <0.05), Awareness of HIV prevention strategies by religious leaders (aOR 0.02, p<0.001), religious leaders provided HIV prevention messages (aOR 2.53, p<0.01), Advocacy for abstinence outside marriage and fidelity in marriage (aOR 35.6, p<0.01), Religious leaders preaching about HIV prevention (aOR 4.88, p<0.001).Our qualitative data indicated that a section of religious leaders recommended abstinence/faithfulness. Condom use was the most discouraged HIV prevention strategy. However, most religious leaders agree with the fact that they have a role to play in HIV prevention, which includes sensitization, teaching and organizing sermons about HIV prevention.Conclusion: The use of HIV prevention strategies by religious leaders among young people was nearly 70%. This finding indicates that religious leaders have a role to play in HIV/AIDS prevention among young people in the Lira district. This calls for the involvement of religious leaders in HIV prevention programs tailored to prevent new infections of HIV among young people.
Improving the Photovoltaic Parameters of a-Si/CZTS Solar Cells
Authors: Bitam H. , Zaidi B. , Hadjoudja B. , Shekhar C. , Gagui S. , Ullah M. S.
Published: July 2021

Due to the high need for energy generation for today’s electronic devices as well as with the natural disasters occurring at the increased frequency, intensity and duration, it becomes essential to explore this scientific area for the sustainability of the society. The benefit of a composite a-Si/CZTS photovoltaic devices for energy generation has not yet been investigated. Addressing the problem and providing a radical solution has been attempted in this research. This research reports the calculated parameters for the solar cell based on the new arrey of the layers, employing a-Si/CZTS. Adapted a-Si/CZTS configuration-based solar cell, debutant analysis of the parameters, and address the challenges that impeded the efficiency of the photovoltaic device are the chief novelty of this research work.
Development and Validation of the Perceived Stress Scale in Emergency Medical Teams During the Epidemic of COVID-19
Authors: Zhu Gaopei , Wang Zhongli , Zhu Yuhang , Li Jiaojiao , Guan Peixia , Liu Yujie , Li Juan , Li Zhiqiang , Shi Fuyan , Wang Suzhen
Published: July 2021

BackgroundDuring the epidemic of COVID-19 of China, the emergency medical teams are facing serious stress in the front-line. As far as we know, there are no studies to test the applicability and measurement properties of the 10-item Chinese perceived stress scale (CPSS-10) in the emergency medical team.MethodsFrom March 17 to 27, 2020, an online survey was conducted on the emergency medical teams of Liaoning Province who supporting Wuhan. The CPSS-10 was used to measure the stress of medical workers. Classical test theory (CTT), bifactor model and multidimensional graded response model (MGRM) were used to analyze the measurement characteristics and differential item functioning (DIF) of CPSS-10.ResultsThe Cronbach's alpha coefficient of CPSS-10 was 0.86. Bifactor model confirmed that CPSS-10 was a two-factor structure. MGRM showed ordered response categories of K10. Item 8 could distinguish individual stress, but the slope of this item was very large (slope is 7.97, which was higher than 4), showing local dependence. There was a significant age DIF, but no DIF in gender. After removing the items 2, 5, and 8, the CPSS-7 showed high reliability, without DIF of age and gender, and there was no local dependence.ConclusionsMGRM could provide useful measurement information about CPSS-10 and CPSS-7. MGRM found that CPSS-10 did not fully conform to the item response theory (IRT). CPSS-7 had proved to be a more effective and reliable tool for assessing the perceived stress of emergency medical team.
Formation of Metal Soaps In Oil Paintings Under Variable Environmental Conditions
Authors: Piovesan M. , Pérez-Estébanez Marta , Andrés-Moya M. San
Published: July 2021

Formation of metal soaps in model paintings under cyclic temperature and relative humidity conditions has been studied by ATR-FTIR and compared with the standard controlled conditions generally maintained in many museums and storerooms. Three different white pigments (lead, zinc and titanium white) and two types of linseed oils (cold-pressed and alkali-refined) have been tested. The behaviour in short times (up to 6 weeks) depends on the pigment and environmental conditions. The relative humidity conditions have been shown to influence the metal soap formation in more degree than the temperature. Ageing under low cyclic relative humidity (30-50%) promotes metal soap formation in both lead and zinc white pigments, compared to high relative humidity (50-90%) conditions. Besides, the formation of zinc soaps continues for 6 weeks when low cyclic relative humidity is used, but it stops after 3 weeks under the other ageing conditions studied.
Feasibility of Low-Dose 68Ga-DOTATATE With Short Acquisition Time Using Total-Body PET/CT in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Xiao Jie , Yu Haojun , Yin Hongyan , Liu Guobin , Hu Yan , Qinyu Lin , Yanzhao Zhao , Zhang Yiqiu , Hu Pengcheng , Cheng Dengfeng , Shi Hongcheng
Published: July 2021

Purpose To explore the feasibility of a low dose regimen with short acquisition time of 68Ga-DOTATATE total-body PET/CT without compromising image quality of patients with NETs. Methods Fifty-seven consecutive NETs patients who underwent 68Ga-DOTATATE total-body PET/CT, with a low dose regimen (0.8-1.2 MBq/kg) of 68Ga-DOTATATE and acquisition time of 10 min prior to any treatment, were enrolled in the present study. The PET data were split into 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, 5 min, 8 min and 10 min reconstruction groups, referenced as R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R8 and R10. The subjective evaluation of image quality was scored in 5-point Likert scale based on three aspects: the overall impression of the image quality, the image noise, the lesion detectability. The objective image quality was assessed by the signal-to-noise ratio of liver (SNRL), the coefficient of variation (CV), the SUVmax, SUVmean, SD of liver, mediastinal blood pool and lesion, the tumor-liver ratio (TLR), the tumor-mediastinal blood pool-ratio (TMR) of lesion. Results The sufficient subjective image quality with a score of 3.44±0.53 could be obtained at 3 min acquisition duration, with a kappa value of 0.90. In quantitative analysis, the value of SNRL is over 10 in all reconstruction groups. As the acquisition time increases, SNRL was increased and CV was decreased within 3 min, while SNRL and CV showed no significant different between R4-R10. There was no significant different in TMR and TLR of lesion between R1-R10 (all p < 0.05). Referenced as PET images of R10, 90 SSTR-positive lesions are identified, and all those lesions are found in the R1-R10 groups (100%).Conclusion The low-dose (0.8-1.2 MBq/kg) 68Ga-DOTATATE total-body PET/CT not only shortens acquisition time, but maintains a sufficient image quality for the NETs patients.
High PD-L1 Expression Associates with Low T-Cadherin Expression and Poor Prognosis in HPV-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Qiuju , Zhao Yanzhen , Chen Yan , Chen Yibo , Song Xiaoyu , Zhang Li , He Qiao , Ye Bo , Wu Lichun , Huang Xinyue , Wang Dongsheng
Published: July 2021

PurposeT-cadherin is an immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule which acts as a tumor suppressor gene, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a cell surface protein that involves in the suppression of the immune system. This study aimed at exploring the correlation between T-cadherin and PD-L1, as well as their prognostic value in patients with HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MethodsIn this study, immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the protein expression of T-cadherin and PD-L1 in 104 tissue specimens of HPV-negative HNSCC. Spearman linear correlation analysis was used to determine the association between protein expression of T-cadherin and PD-L1. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to plot overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to conduct univariate and multivariate analysis. ResultsThe results showed a large negative association between protein expression of T-cadherin and PD-L1 (r=-0.775, P<0.01), expression of T-cadherin and PD-L1 were associated with OS (P=0.021 and 0.034, respectively) and DFS (P=0.012 and 0.016, respectively) in patients with HPV-negative HNSCC. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that expression of T-cadherin and PD-L1 were independent prognostic predictors for OS and DFS in patients with HPV-negative HNSCC. The worst prognosis was observed in patients with T-cadherin negative/PD-L1 positive.ConclusionIn conclusion, expression of T-cadherin and PD-L1 were inversely correlated and were independent prognostic factors for patients with HPV-negative HNSCC.
Treatment of diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents under the reimbursement policy of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Bureau: Aflibercept or ranibizumab?
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Chieh , Cheng Chieh-Yin , Li Kun-Hsien , Chuang Chih-Chun , Wu Jian-Sheng , Lee Sheng-Ta , Lu Wei-Yang , Chiu Shin-Lin , Liu Yu-Ling , Chen San-Ni
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this retrospective interventional case series is to compare the functional and anatomical outcomes in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) treated intravitreally with aflibercept or ranibizumab under the Taiwan National Insurance Bureau reimbursement policy. 84 eyes were collected and all eyes were imaged with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), color fundus photographs (CFPs), and fluorescein angiography (FA). At 24 months after therapy initiation, the logMAR BCVA improved from 0.58 ± 0.33 to 0.47 ± 0.38 (p < 0.01), the CRT decreased from 423.92 ± 135.84 to 316.36 ± 90.02 (p < 0.01), and the number of microaneurysms decreased from 142.14 ± 57.23 to 75.32 ± 43.86 (p < 0.01). The mean injection count was 11.59 ± 6.54. There was no intergroup difference in logMAR BCVA (p = 0.96), CRT (p = 0.69), or injection count (p = 0.81). However, the mean number of microaneurysms was marginally reduced (p = 0.06) in eyes treated with aflibercept at the end of the follow-up, and the incidence rates of supplementary panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) (p = 0.04) and subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) therapy sessions (p = 0.01) were also reduced. Multivariate analysis revealed that only initial logMAR BCVA influenced the final VA improvements (odds ratio (OR) 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21 ~ 0.93, p < 0.01); in contrast, age (OR -0.38, 95% CI -6.97~-1.85, p < 0.01) and initial CRT (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34 ~ 0.84, p < 0.01) both influenced the final CRT reduction at 24 months. To sum up, both aflibercept and ranibizumab are effective in managing DME with PDR in terms of VA, CRT and MA count. Eyes receiving aflibercept required less supplementary PRP and SMPL treatment than those receiving ranibizumab. The initial VA influenced the final VA improvements at 24 months, while age and initial CRT were prognostic predictors of 24-month CRT reduction.
Jingui Shenqi Pills Prevents and Treats Postmenopausal Osteoporosis via Regulating the BMP/Smad Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yang Xu , Ma Ke , Zhang Yanan , Tian Xu , Wang Yuan , Han Xiaochun , Wang Jin , Wang Shijun , Wang Huaxin
Published: July 2021

Background: Jingui Shenqi （JGSQ for short）pills is a traditional Chinese medicine formula, which has the functions of warming and tonifying kidney-yang, generating essence and filling marrow, warming tendons and veins and bones, and improving bone mineral density. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of JGSQ pills in preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.Methods : Twelve-week-old SPF female SD rats (n=48) were used in this study. Following the ovariectomy operation (n=40), the rats were randomly divided into the model group, (high, medium, and low dose groups) treated with Jingui Shenqi pills and estradiol group. Recorded the weight gain of rats and calculated the uterine coefficient; To detect the expression of serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP and OPG; HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes of femur; In all the groups, Micro-CT was used for detection of bone mineral density and bone microstructure; and gene expression of BMP-2, Smad1, and Runx2 in rat bone tissue was determined by RT-PCR and Western Blot methods.Results: Compared with the sham operation group, rats in the model group had the highest increase in body weight and the lowest uterine coefficient. Each of the treatment groups had a modest increase in weight gain. Micro-CT and HE staining showed a decrease in bone mineral density in the model group with shorter, thinner, broken, and osteoporotic trabeculae of the femur. The bone mineral density in Jingui Shenqi pills treatment groups had a significant increase with an improved bone microstructure and intact bone trabecular as compared to the model group. Serum ALP in the model group was significantly higher than in the sham operation group but the serum calcium, phosphorus and OPG was significantly lower. The Jingui Shenqi pills treatment groups and the estradiol treated group had lower serum ALP and increased serum calcium, phosphorus and OPG.There was decreased gene expression of BMP-2, Smad1, and Runx2 in the bone tissue of the model group compared to the sham operation group. BMP-2, Smad1, and Runx2 gene expression in Jingui Shenqi pills treated group and estradiol treated group was significantly higher than that of the model group.Conclusion: Jingui Shenqi pills improve the microstructure of bone tissue and increase bone mineral density thus resolving osteoporosis. This is achieved by regulating BMP/Smad signaling pathway and increasing the expression of osteogenic factors BMP-2, Smad1, and Runx2.
Effect of Postoperative Radiotherapy In Women With Localized Pure Mucinous Breast Cancer After Lumpectomy: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Mo QiuPing , Wang Yongzhen , Shan JinLan , Wang Xiaochen
Published: July 2021

PurposePure mucinous breast cancer (PMBC) is a rare subtype of invasive breast cancer with favorable prognosis, in which the effect of postoperative radiotherapy remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of postoperative radiotherapy in women with localized PMBC after lumpectomy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare the effectiveness of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) and omitting postoperative radiotherapy (non-RT) in patients with first primary T1-2N0M0 (T ≤ 3cm) PMBC who underwent lumpectomy between 1998 and 2015 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) was compared between RT and non-RT groups using Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model. Propensity score matching (PSM) was carried out to balance cohort baselines. In addition, an exploratory analysis was performed to verify the effectiveness of RT in subgroup patients. Results Overall, 5352(68.2%) and 2494(31.8%) eligible patients with tumor size ≤ 3cm localized PMBC received lumpectomy with postoperative RT and lumpectomy without postoperative RT respectively. The median follow-up duration was 92 months. The 15-year BCSS was 94.39% (95% CI, 93.08% to 95.35%) in the RT group versus 91.38% (95% CI, 88.86% to 93.35%) in the non-RT group (P < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio for BCSS was 0.64 (95%CI, 0.49 to 0.84; P = 0.001) for RT group versus non-RT group. After PSM, similar results were yielded. Adjuvant RT reduced the 15-year risk of breast cancer death from 7.92% to 6.15% (P = 0.039). The adjusted hazard ratio for BCSS were 0.66 (95%CI, 0.47 to 0.92; P = 0.014) for RT group versus non-RT group. The benefit of RT was well consistent across all subgroups.ConclusionAmong women with T1-2N0M0 (tumor size ≤ 3cm) PMBC, the addition of RT after lumpectomy was significantly associated with a reduced incidence of breast cancer death compared with non-RT, and the magnitude of benefit may be modest. This suggests that postoperative RT is recommended in the treatment of localized PMBC.