bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifactorial interplay on language recovery following left-hemispheric stroke. A retrospective study
Authors: Haldin Célise , Dai Shenhao , Piscicelli Céline , Marcon Valérie , Loevenbruck Hélène , Pérennou  , Baciu Monica
Published: July 2024

Understanding the relative contribution of various factors influencing initial severity of aphasia and recovery after a stroke is essential for optimizing neurorehabilitation programs. We investigated how various significant sociodemographic, cognitive, clinical, stroke-related, and rehabilitation-related factors modulate aphasia severity and language recovery following left-hemispheric stroke. Employing an innovative method, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 96 stroke participants to explore the combined impact of these factors. The initial severity of aphasia was categorized into severe, mild/moderate, and no aphasia based on the severity of their language deficits in the subacute phase (Aphasia Severity Rating Scale, ASRS). To assess speech and language recovery, we classified 53/96 patients with aphasia into high and poor recovery categories using a gain score formula (ASRS_discharge – ASRS_admission)/ASRS_admission. Subsequently, we performed statistical analyses (univariate analyses and forward stepwise logistic regression combined with bootstrap) to identify the determinants of the initial severity of aphasia and the degree of recovery. Our analyses unveiled that more severe aphasia initially was correlated with a more severe stroke (Odds Ratio, OR=0.90, p=0.041), moderate/severe executive dysfunction (OR=0.068, p<0.001), and larger lesion size (OR=0.068, p<0.001). Furthermore, the degree of recovery was associated with the intensity of speech and language therapy (OR=1.47, p=0.043). These findings enrich our understanding of the determinants of aphasia severity and language recovery, employing an original methodology to scrutinize the collective effect of multiple variables in a retrospective analysis of stroke participants. A better knowledge of these factors may help implementing personalized language rehabilitation programs to maximize speech and language recovery.
Perceiving inter-leg speed differences while walking on a split-belt treadmill
Authors: Müller Carl , Kopiske Karl K.
Published: July 2024

Walking is one of the most common forms of self-motion in humans. Most humans can walk effortlessly over flat uniform terrain, but also a variety of more challenging surfaces, as they adjust their gait to the demands of the terrain. In this, they rely in part on the perception of their own gait and of when it needs to be adjusted. Here, we investigated how well N=48 participants detected speed differences between two belts of a split-belt treadmill. As participants walked at a constant speed, we either accelerated or decelerated one of the belts at quasi-random intervals and asked participants to judge their relative speeds in a two-alternative forced-choice task. Using an adaptive psychophysical procedure, we obtained precise perception-threshold estimates for inter-leg speed differences after accelerating or decelerating one belt. We found that most participants could detect even very small speed differences, with mean threshold estimates of just over 7% for both perturbation types. These were relatively stable within, but highly variable across participants. Increased-speed and decreased-speed thresholds were highly correlated, indicating that despite different biomechanics, the detection mechanisms might be similar. This sheds light on how perceiving their own motion helps humans manage interlimb coordination in perturbed walking.
Economic Factors Outweigh Cultural Values in Explaining Country Variance: The Limited Role of Value Dimensions after Accounting for GDP
Authors: Van Herk Hester , Poortinga Ype
Published: July 2024

Differences between nations are a main topic of interest in business studies. Country-level variables such as GDP per capita, legislation, type of government and culture are used in studies to explain differences and similarities between countries. These variables are mostly related to the economic situation of countries and their inhabitants. There is a relationship between wealth and form of government (democracies are more affluent), and between wealth and culture dimensions (individualistic countries are more affluent). Despite this link between culture and wealth, the level of affluence (measured in GDP per capita) is not always considered in studies in which culture is included. The question is whether this is justified. At a more specific level, more affluent countries have a better retail infrastructure to provide goods and services and consumers also have, on average, greater purchasing power to buy goods and services.Our results of analyses of consumer purchases across 22 product groups in over 50 countries per cultural values framework, covering a period of 30 years (1990-2019) can be summarized in three points. (i) Culture dimensions (Individualism-collectivism by Hofstede, Embeddedness – Autonomy by Schwartz and both dimensions identified by Inglehart) are strong correlates of consumer expenditure. (ii) These dimensions explain only a very limited proportion of additional variance (in the order of .00 - .01) after national differences in GDP per capita have been accounted for. (iii) A statistically significant proportion of variance in Share of Wallet for a few product categories is explained by cultural dimensions, but effect sizes are small. Economic and cultural sources of variance are confounded, but the findings suggest that only a very limited proportion of variance can be ascribed uniquely to national differences in culture dimensions.
Neural Evidence for Feature-based Distractor Inhibition
Authors: Hanne Aylin A. , Han Sizhu , Schubö Anna
Published: July 2024

Interference from a salient distractor is typically reduced when the appearance of the distractor follows either spatial regularities (a specific location is more likely than other locations) or feature-based regularities (a specific color is more likely than other colors). While there is a growing body of literature on distractor location learning, the understanding of distractor feature learning remains limited. In the current study, we investigated distractor feature learning by using EEG measures. We assumed that learning benefits distractor handling, and investigated the role of intertrial priming in distractor feature learning. Furthermore, we examined whether distractor feature learning influences later visual working memory (VWM) performance. Participants performed an adapted variant of the additional singleton task with a distractor that appeared more often in a specific color. The behavioral results provided additional evidence that observers can use distractor feature regularities to reduce distractor interference. At the neural level, we found a reduced PD with high-probability compared to low-probability distractors, suggesting that less suppression is required when the distractor appears in the more likely color. This reduced need for suppression was partly driven by intertrial priming. The PD elicited by repeated high-probability trials decreased over time, indicating that experience with the distractor reduced the need for suppression. In addition, the results showed that distractor feature learning did not affect VWM performance. Overall, our findings demonstrate that distractor feature learning decreases the interference of a salient distractor while also benefitting from intertrial priming processes, thereby improving attentional selection. Also, it seems that learned distractor feature inhibition is not maintained in VWM when the task context is changed.
HUMAN GAINS AND LOSSES FROM GLOBAL WARMING: Satisfaction with the Climate in the USA, Winter and Summer, North and South
Authors: Kelley Jonathan
Published: July 2024

The scientific understanding of the causes of global warming is based on a vast body of rigorous, peer-reviewed research but there is not nearly as much systematic empirical evidence on consequences for humans. Using direct questions about satisfaction with winter and summer weather, we show that warming's effects can be reliably estimated from survey data and have a major impact on subjective well-being. Combining a US national survey (N=2295) and standard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data on actual month-by-month temperatures at each location, we find that changes to be expected from the widely discussed, allegedly "dangerous" two degrees Celsius of global warming are both familiar and small. They are equivalent to moving from Wisconsin to Michigan, or Virginia to North Carolina, or more generally 180 miles south. Such warming will greatly increase Americans' satisfaction with winter weather, especially in the north, and somewhat decrease satisfaction with summer weather in both north and south. On balance the nation benefits slightly. Regional differences are large, with northerners' gains roughly equivalent to a 4% to 6% increase in their GDP, while southerners losses are about the same. These changes are important, in and of themselves about as large as the combined financial implications of all other aspects of global warming. They have important policy implications, suggesting that prompt action to reduce carbon emissions may not be optimal as that would restrict warming both in the summer and in the south (gains) but also in the winter and in the north (losses).
Segmental Phonology of English and Chhintang: A Contrastive Analysis with Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Rai Ichha Purna
Published: July 2024

This paper attempts to compare and contrast the segmental phonology of English and the Chhintang language. English data were taken from secondary sources, whereas Chhintang data were taken from primary sources. Segmental phonology deals with the study of segments of human speech, which are basically consonants and vowels. This paper contributes to a contrastive analysis between consonants and vowels found in English and Chhintang based on structural linguistics. I explored the Chhintang segmental sounds from my own field work (2022, March). Then it suggests some pedagogical implications. The major findings of this paper include the different numbers in the inventory of sounds, aspiration as allophones and phonemes, sounds found in one language but not found in another, vowel length, and so on.
Inheritance of lipid content in rice grain (review)
Authors: Kostylev P. I. , Krasnova E. V. , Dubina E. V.
Published: July 2024

Rice is an important food product for people. Milled white rice is mainly used or food purposes, but unpolished rice is also used. The cells of the aleurone layer and the embryo of the rice grain contain lipids, the presence of which strengthens the immune system and protects against heart disease and cancer, which has increased interest in them. The current paper has provided a review of the information on the study of quantitative trait loci connected with lipid content in rice grain. The study was conducted in China, Korea, and Japan from 1983 to 2021 using dihaploid lines from hybrids among rice varieties with contrasting lipid content. There was identified a correlation with QTL on 12 rice chromosomes with the help of a microsatellite marker map. Hu et al. (2004) found three QTLs for oil content located on chromosomes 1, 2, and 5. Yu et al. (2009) found four QTLs on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 8. Qin et al. (2010) mapped eight QTLs to chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9. Kim et al. (2013) found a significant QTL, qRLC5, on chromosome 5. Yun et al. (2014) found that high lipid content was determined by three QTL on chromosomes 2, 3 and 6. Ying et al. (2012) identified 29 QTL on 10 chromosomes, several for seven fatty acids. Zhou and his colleagues (2021) conducted a genomic study of oil composition and concentration in different groups of 533 cultivated rice varieties and identified 99 QTL, 94 of which were associated with oil composition and five of them with oil concentration. These QTLs will allow developing pyramids of favorable alleles to improve rice quality using marker-assisted breeding.
Successful Ageing and Social Support Among Older People Living in the Community
Authors: Makhtar Aniawanis , Mansor Nuraina Amira , Tohpa Hasna
Published: July 2024

Background: Successful ageing of older people is influenced by the received social support. As the proportion of older people in Malaysia grows and the need for promoting successful ageing is apparent, it becomes increasingly important to investigate the relationship between successful ageing and social support among older people in the community.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted on 200 older people living in the community of Kuantan, Pahang. A structured questionnaire, Successful Ageing Inventory and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used to collect data regarding demographics. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 25). Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square, and Fisher’s exact test were used or analysis. The statistical significance level was set at p ? 0.05.
Results: The results showed that 98.5% and 75% of older people have highly successful ageing and social support, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was found between successful ageing and social support. However, no significant relationship was observed between successful ageing and demographic characteristics.
Conclusion: The level of social support received by older people in the community plays a crucial role in determining successful aging. Therefore, implementing intervention programmes on the significant factors to enhance the successful ageing of older people is recommended.
Znachenie trudovykh masterskikh v razvitii molodykh liudei s umstvennoi otstalost'iu i kompleksnymi narusheniiami
Authors: Grutskaia Svetlana Alekseevna
Published: July 2024

The article presents the formation and development of labour workshops in Rus-sia for young people with mental retardation and complex disorders. Workshops in most cases are the only opportunity to be employed in the professional sphere. The paper also describes the importance of labour workshops in the development of young people with mental retardation and complex disabilities on the example of the experience of some practices.
Broken Heart Syndrome after Seeing a Snake
Authors: Mandal Amit
Published: July 2024

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by a reversible left ventricular dysfunction, predominant in females with a 76–90% occurrence, especially those who are postmenopausal. Since takotsubo syndrome is relatively rare in male patients the clinical features remain to be determined. It was recently reported that cardiac complications, such as cardiovascular death, severe pump failure, and ventricular arrhythmia, are more common in male patients than in female patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. We report a case of a middle-aged gentleman diagnosed with stress-induced cardiomyopathy after seeing a poisonous snake crawling on the floor next to his bed. A middle-aged gentleman, presented to the emergency department for acute onset of chest discomfort which started 4 hours prior to presentation.
Computational Intelligence for Signal and Image Processing Unleashing the Power of Algorithms
Authors: Zohuri Bahman
Published: July 2024

This comprehensive memorandum exploration delves into the synergies and challenges within computational intelligence for signal and image processing. The article provides a holistic view of the evolving landscape by covering foundational concepts, neural networks, fuzzy systems, and the symbiotic relationships among various deep learning architectures. It navigates through the applications, strengths, and potential flaws in Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and Convolutional Recurrent Networks (CRNs) in image processing and recognition. Additionally, it addresses crucial aspects such as adversarial attacks, overfitting, biases, and interpretability concerns, offering mitigation strategies and envisioning future directions. This multifaceted exploration contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between computational intelligence and signal/image processing, shaping the trajectory of advancements in this dynamic field.
Inventarisasi Potensi Tanaman MPTS (Multipurpose Tree Species) dan Pemanfaatannya di Kawasan HKm Buttu Puang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar
Authors: Idris Andi Irmayanti , Aulia Nudia , Irundu Daud
Published: July 2024

MPTS (Multipurpose Tree Species) plants are plants that have various benefits or functions that can be used for various purposes, usually MPTS plants have more than one function such as wood and non-wood production, soil and water conservation, as well as contributing to social welfare by providing goods and services needed by society, such as food, medicine and traditional industrial raw materials. This plant is planted in various lands including community forests. This research aims to determine the types and index of the importance of MPTS (Multipurpose Tree Species) plants and their use in the Buttu Puang Forest Area. The method used in this research is a quantitative method by calculating an important value index based on established criteria.  The results of the research found 14 types of plants, namely Local Durian, Alle Durian, Montong Durian, Garuda Rambutan, Longan Rambutan, Cocoa, Robusta Coffee, Local Langsat, Forest Mango, Clove, Palm Sugar, Avocado, Jackfruit, and Breadfruit. Cocoa plants are the most dominant plants with the highest INP, 81.69, and avocado plants with the lowest INP, 2.85. The interview results show that the most profitable MPTS crops are cocoa and sugar palm.
Keywords: Inventory, Potential, MPTS Plants, Utilization
Percepción de los usuarios de YouTube sobre la narrativa virtual de RTVC durante la erupción del Cumbre Vieja
Authors: Miranda Galbe Jorge , Mena Muñoz Sergio
Published: July 2024

Introducción: La erupción del volcán Cumbre Vieja en La Palma en 2021 permitió a la Radio Televisión Canaria (RTVC) explicar el desastre mediante técnicas de narrativa virtual, combinando Realidad Virtual y Realidad Aumentada en su programa ‘Una hora menos’. Los vídeos fueron subidos a YouTube, generando una respuesta del público. Este estudio analiza la reacción en YouTube a esta innovadora narrativa de desastres, evaluando visualizaciones, likes y comentarios. Metodología: Para recopilar datos, se consultó la lista de reproducción ‘Realidad virtual Volcán de La Palma | 1 hora menos’, extrayendo datos de sus cien vídeos. Los comentarios se categorizaron en técnica de narración, contenido de los mensajes y ‘Otros’, y se subdividieron en positivos, neutros y negativos. Resultados: El vídeo más popular fue "Formación de La Palma" con 11,103 likes, 616 comentarios y 922,682 visualizaciones. De los comentarios sobre la técnica narrativa, 24.3% fueron positivos, 51% neutros y 24.9% negativos; sobre el contenido, 26.1% positivos, 51.2% neutros y 22.7% negativos; y sobre otros temas, 14% positivos, 63.5% neutros y 22.5% negativos. Discusión: Las conclusiones sugieren que, aunque la innovación de RTVC fue mayoritariamente bien recibida, un alto porcentaje de mensajes tóxicos ensombrece las contribuciones genuinas.
Traductores e intérpretes en formación: uso de los medios sociales en las aulas universitarias españolas
Authors: Cedillo Corrochano Carmen M.ª
Published: July 2024

Introducción: Este estudio analiza los conocimientos de traductores e intérpretes en formación sobre los medios sociales, su uso de estos canales y su opinión crítica. Se basa en un cuestionario respondido por 113 estudiantes de Traducción e Interpretación de 8 universidades españolas. Metodología: Se realizó un análisis de las respuestas del cuestionario para evaluar la formación y uso de medios sociales por parte de los estudiantes y docentes. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudiantes no ha recibido formación específica sobre medios sociales, aunque les habría gustado. Además, el profesorado solo usa estos medios de manera puntual en clase. Discusión: Los estudiantes critican el mal aprovechamiento de los medios sociales por parte de sus docentes, a pesar de reconocer su importancia para la traducción e interpretación. Conclusiones: Se insta a los formadores a dar mayor protagonismo a los medios sociales en la enseñanza, preparándolos mejor para los mercados laborales actuales.
PATIENT PROFILE TRANSITIONING INTO MENOPAUSE AND POSTMENOPAUSE
Authors: Karakhalis L. Yu. ,   Kuban State Medical University, Mezentseva V. Yu. ,   Kuban State Medical University
Published: July 2024

Objectives. This study aimed to identify the specific characteristics of premenopausal, early postmenopausal, and late postmenopausal periods to guide the management of patients experiencing menopausal symptoms based on the presence of coexisting health conditions. Design and Methods. This was a prospective analytical observational study. A total of 130 patients were included in the study and categorized into three groups: Group 1 (n=42) consisted of women in the menopausal transition, Group 2 (n=63) comprised women in early postmenopause, and Group 3 (n=25) included women in late postmenopause. The study assessed the onset of menarche and age of menopause. All participants completed a specialized questionnaire with 20 questions to evaluate the severity of menopausal symptoms. The impact of body mass index (BMI) on patients receiving hormonal therapy was also analyzed. Results. The onset of menarche did not show statistically significant differences among the groups: Group 1 – 13.1±1.6 years, Group 2 – 13.5±1.5 years, and Group 3 – 13.4±1.4 years (p>0.05). Menopause occurred at an average age of 48.8±3.7 years in Group 2 and 45.4±3.7 years in Group 3 (p>0.05). Among hormone therapy users, 83.3% were overweight, and 8.3% were obese. Significant variations were observed among the groups regarding the presence of vasomotor symptoms, frequency of insomnia, weakness, dry skin, perceived weight gain, and decreased libido. The majority of women experienced moderate to severe menopausal symptoms: 1st group – 61.9% and 7.1%; 2nd group – 60.3% and 28.6%; 3rd group – 64.0% and 36.0%, respectively. The risk of thromboembolic complications was higher in women with extragenital health issues: 1st group – 40.5%, 2nd group – 55.6%, and 3rd group – 60.0%. Conclusion. Menopausal hormone therapy may be considered for patients with extragenital conditions following additional assessment and appropriate preventive or therapeutic interventions.
GAUCHER DISEASE TYPE I: DISEASE COURSE FEATURES AND DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES IN OUTPATIENT SETTINGS
Authors: Semschikova Yulia P. ,   Irkutsk State Medical University, Tolmacheva Olga P. , Storchous Alexandra A. , Ovanesyuan Svetlana V. , Kozlov Yuri A. , Barzunova Tatyana V. ,   Irkutsk State Regional Children's Clinical Hospital,   Irkutsk State Medical University,   Irkutsk State Regional Children's Clinical Hospital,   Irkutsk State Medical University,   Irkutsk State Medical University
Published: July 2024

Objectives. Share insights on diagnosing storage diseases and increase physician awareness for early detection of Gaucher disease. Methods. The clinical case analysis is detailed, utilizing the patient's medical records, outpatient chart, clinical assessments, and examination findings. Results. The article outlines a case study of a 5-year-old patient diagnosed late with Gaucher disease, compounded by celiac disease. Conclusion. Diagnosis of storage diseases like Gaucher disease remains challenging, underscoring the essential need for heightened awareness among outpatient physicians to facilitate timely diagnosis and effective treatment.
SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGESTIVE ORGAN AND SKIN DISEASES
Authors: Bisaliev R. V. ,   Moscow International Academy
Published: July 2024

Suicide remains a pressing medical and social concern in contemporary times. This article aims to analyze both domestic and international scientific literature focusing on suicidal behavior concerning digestive system and skin diseases. Apart from examining the prevalence of suicidal tendencies in these conditions, the article delves into risk factors, methodologies, psychological attributes, and clinical aspects of suicidal behavior based on the duration and stage of somatic illnesses. Globally, the suicidal mortality rate among somatic patients remains significantly elevated, surpassing that of the general population by several folds. There is a critical need to establish and execute an objective and cost-effective diagnostic framework to evaluate the quality, appropriateness, and timeliness of anti-suicidal interventions
SERUM GHRELIN LEVELS POST-RESTRICTIVE BARIATRIC INTERVENTIONS
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, Galimov Oleg V. , Khanov Vladislav O. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Nasyrova Ksenia V. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ibragimov Telman R. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Sufiyarov Rinat S. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Galimov Dmitry O. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ivakina Diana R. ,   Bashkir State Medical University
Published: July 2024

Objectives. Investigate the impact of bariatric surgery on ghrelin levels in morbidly obese patients. Methods. Examined ghrelin levels in 25 morbidly obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. Results. Initially, morbidly obese patients had lower ghrelin levels compared to those at normal body weight. Unexpectedly, there was no decrease in ghrelin levels post-resection of the fundal ghrelin-producing part. Conclusion. Clinical experimentation revealed that changes in stomach volume following restrictive bariatric procedures led to a slight rise in blood ghrelin levels. This increase in ghrelin levels was more significant with a higher percentage of body weight loss post-surgery. Further exploration in this area may unveil novel strategies for treating pathological obesity.
CLINICAL COURSE FEATURES OF NON-EROSIVE GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN
Authors: Galaktionova Marina Yu. ,   Pskov State University, Latyshev Dmitry Yu. , Lobanov Yury F. , Strozenko Lyudmila A. , Skudarnov Evgeny V. , Mikheeva Natalia М. , Fugol Denis S. , Boldenkova Irina Yu. ,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai State Medical University
Published: July 2024

Introduction. The progression of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children without accompanying conditions like neurological deficits or congenital esophageal anomalies remains uncertain. It is unclear whether GERD advances during childhood or predisposes individuals to GERD in adulthood. Objectives. Assess the clinical course characteristics of non-erosive GERD in school-age children. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted involving 31 children aged between 7 to 17 years, with an average age of 12.7±1.9 years. Among them, 19 were girls and 12 were boys, all diagnosed with non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The main inclusion criteria for the study were the presence of regular heartburn occurring at least once a week and the absence of erosive changes in the esophagus as confirmed by fibrogastroduodenoscopy. Follow-up examinations were performed at intervals of 6-12 months, 12-24 months, and beyond 24 months, during which the clinical symptoms and esophageal condition were monitored using fibrogastroduodenoscopy. Results. Non-erosive GERD was more prevalent in girls, accounting for 19 out of 31 cases (61.2%), predominantly among high school-aged individuals. The average age of disease onset was 12.7±1.9 years. The clinical presentation of non-erosive GERD predominantly featured symptoms such as heartburn (100.0%), abdominal pain (96.7%), nausea (45.1%), and belching (45.1%). Additionally, 22.6% of patients exhibited symptoms overlapping with irritable bowel syndrome. During the dynamic follow-up within the first year, 10 out of 15 patients (66.6%) reported regular heartburn, while this proportion was consistent at 62.5% after 12-24 months and 64.3% after more than 24 months of observation. The transformation into the erosive form of GERD was observed in 20.0% (3/15) of patients after 6-12 months, in 18.8% (3/16) after 12-24 months, and in 7.3% (1/14) with a follow-up exceeding 24 months.
Комплексы палладия с фосфин-тиоэфирными лигандами в аддитивной полимеризации норборнена и его производных
Authors: Карпов Глеб Олегович , Мангов Милорад Константинович , Бермешев Максим Владимирович
Published: July 2024

Синтезированы и охарактеризованы с использованием 1H и 31P ЯМР-спектроскопии две серии комплексов палладия — катионных аллильных комплексов палладия с бидентатными фосфин-тиоэфирными лигандами, а также нейтральных хлор(фосфин-тиоэфир)метильных комплексов палладия. Изучена аддитивная полимеризация норборнена и его производных в присутствии полученных комплексов палладия. Показано, что комплексы такого вида являются активными катализаторами в аддитивной полимеризации норборнена. Оценено влияние структуры фосфин-тиоэфирных лигандов на активность комплексов палладия в аддитивной полимеризации норборнена и его производных. Наиболее активными являются катализаторы на основе фосфин-тиоэфирных лигандов, содержащих объемные донорные циклогексильные заместители при атоме фосфора, а также алкильные заместители при атоме серы.
Phenomena of “monroism” and “cognitive dissonances”
Authors: Martynov Boris F.
Published: July 2024

The article, prepared for the 200th anniversary of the Monroe Doctrine deals with the specific characteristics of the legal and political cultures of the West, headed by the USA, which drastically differ from the Russian and the Latin American corresponding cultures. The author comes to the conclusion, that the phenomena of “monroism”, based on the Anglo-Saxon legal system, has a constant character, and, hav ing been transformed through the times, is always present in the political practices of the USA and other countries of the Anglo-Saxon world. Using precedents, this system in cites its user to gain maximum profit, while its method is selectivity. This leads to the “loosely” used policies of the double standards. The author gives examples of such, comparing the cases of Panama (1903) and Kosovo (1999). He also mentions the politics of the Great Britain with respect of the native population of the Diego Garcia Island (1966) and the Falkland (Malvinas) isles (1982-2013). The author thinks, that one cogni tive dissonances, based on the differences in the legal conscience between the Russian and the Anglo-Saxon”worlds” have objective and constant character, while not admitting this circumstance would be an error. In his next article the author plans to through light on the common features that Russia share with the legal and political culture of the Latin American countries, which contribute to their more active cooperation in the international politics.
State policy of Peru in the field of human security
Authors: Kharichkin Igor K. , Smirnova Anastasia S.
Published: July 2024

The authors analyze the key state documents of Peru aimed at ensuring human security and the legal framework on the most pressing issues. The article gives an idea of the dynamics of the development of internal security in the country and allows to trace the trends in social problems solving.
Japan—US—South Korea Triangle: How Strong Will the New Alliance Be?
Authors: Kistanov V. O
Published: July 2024

The article examines the process of recreating and strengthening the Japan-US-South Korea geopolitical triangle, as well as its international role in the Asia-Pacific region. This military-political alliance was formed by the United States in the context of its confrontation with the USSR in the AsiaPacific region during the first Cold War. Then the trilateral alliance was incomplete, since Japan and South Korea, through their bilateral security treaties, were closed to the United States, and did not carry out direct military cooperation between themselves. After the end of this war and the collapse of the Soviet Union, this geopolitical structure lost its relevance. The escalated problems of Japan's colonial rule on the Korean peninsula in the first half of the 20th century actually kept political relations between Japan and South Korea in a state of tension until very recently. Now, in the conditions of the Cold War 2, Washington, with the support of Tokyo and Seoul, intends to revive and use this triangle as part of its Indo—Pacific strategy, but this time to contain, first, China's gaining economic and military power, as well as eliminate the so-called nuclear missile threat from North Korea. An important role in the institutionalization of the trilateral alliance was played by the summit of the United States, Japan and South Korea, held on August 18, 2023 at the residence of the American presidents at Camp David. The factors of increasing the role of the triangle in Washington's Indo-Pacific strategy are the coming to power in South Korea in 2022 of Yoon Suk Yeol who took a conciliatory position towards Japan, as well as Tokyo's course to accelerate the build-up of its military power and acquire offensive potential. The reanimation of the Japan-US-South Korea triangle at Camp David contributed to the intensification of negotiations on the creation of a parallel triangle in Northeast Asia consisting of China, Japan and South Korea in order to establish economic and political cooperation between the three countries. At the same time, it is possible that the continued instability of the Tokyo-Seoul line may once again become the "Achilles heel" of the Japan-US-South Korea triangle.
Once Again about the Isolation of Prepositive Attributive Phrases
Authors: Onipenko Nadezhda K.
Published: July 2024

The article offers an explanation of the rules for punctuation of prepositive attributive phrases and provides a commentary on the corresponding section of the Code of Spelling and Punctuation Rules of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The problem of detachment is proposed to be solved in connection with the category of taxis and the category of definiteness/indefiniteness. Detachment is a means of expressing dependent predicativity, which results from additional associations between the attributive phrase and the predicate. The condition for the appearance of these associations and additional adverbial meanings between the main and dependent predicates is taxis, understood as a technique of interpredicative interaction. The other aspect of the problem of detachment is the semantics of a defined noun or pronoun to which the phrase refers. The rules for detachment of attributive phrases defining a noun, correlate with the ones for pronouns, which makes it possible to show the significance of the referential status of a defined noun for distinguishing between attributive and predicative-attributive relations. As the Russian grammar doesn`t have articles, the category of definiteness/indefiniteness reveals itself in the rules for detachment of prepositive phrases at the absolute beginning of a sentence. The condition for detachment in this position is the concrete referential status of a noun being defined (its familiarity from the previous text, its definiteness and individuality). The prohibition on detachment is due to the values of uncertainty and generality in the meaning of the nominal component. The paper also considers synonymous relations between participial and gerund phrases at the absolute beginning.
Empirical study of traditional russian values and social practices
Authors: Borshchevskiy George A.
Published: July 2024

In recent years, Russia has seen a turn towards conservative values reflected in the presidential decree on year 2022 about the Fundamentals of state policy for the preservation and strengthening traditional Russian spiritual and moral values. We assess the level of expression of some “traditional values” in Russian society. Data from federal statistical observation and departmental (including judicial) statistics were used, and secondary data from representative surveys of leading Russian sociological centers from the early 1990s to 2022, as well as individual results of international surveys (for example, World Values Survey). None indicator fully characterizes values, so the consistent dynamics of groups of indicators was assessed. The hypothesis that the values are indeed traditionales partially confirmed, that is, they recorded objectively and strengthen over time. The most positive trends noted in the implementation of the values of life, humanism and mercy. The situation is contradictory with the values of dignity, human rights and freedoms, high moral ideals, the priority of the spiritual over the material, and justice.
Types of capital in the field of “silver volunteering”
Authors: Iarskaia-Smirnova Elena R. , Yarskaya-Smirnova Valentina N. , Kononenko Rostislav V.
Published: July 2024

The article examines the features of the social capital of elderly volunteers through the prism of the Bourdieusian approach: the inequality of resources is shown and ways of converting various types of capital into the field of volunteering are presented. The temporal aspects of the formation of a volunteer’s habitus are revealed. The research makes it possible to see the problem of capital formation by the senior age volunteers through their dynamic interactions, painstaking and difficult work to create solidarity and redefine themselves. Being at the forefront of the policy of active longevity and in the field of view of the third sector, the movement of ‘silver’ volunteers contributes to the implementation of the neoliberal project of a healthy lifestyle of the elderly. An idea of silver volunteering is inclusive because people in the senior age as a socially vulnerable group get an opportunity to participate in public life, develop, and feel their need. The real practices of implementing this idea are rich in examples of human potential disclosure, the creation of cohesive communities, the embodiment of bright and important ideas not only of direct social assistance, but also of social change. At the same time, the experience of volunteering becomes a tool for distinguishing and increasing competitiveness in a field with an unequal distribution of resources.
Prevalence of homelessness in Russia: an assessment based on a retrospective survey
Authors: Tsatsura Elena A. , Osavolyuk Alexandra A.
Published: July 2024

This paper assesses the prevalence of street and hidden homelessness in Russia. Based on the representative survey “Person, Family, Society – 2023” (N = 9508 people) it was revealed that 4.6% of the adult population had experienced street homelessness, while 13.5% had faced hidden homelessness. 4.8% of respondents reported about suffering from homelessness for more than 1 year, including 2.5% with experience of more than 3 years of homelessness. Street homelessness problem is primarily for males, however the prevalence of hidden homelessness is high among women too. Factors such as male gender, low median income, and smoking increase the likelihood of homelessness in the past 10 years, while marriage, higher education, and children under the age of 18 in the household decrease this likelihood. Federal district of residence and type of settlement are not correlated with the experience of homelessness. Frequent alcohol consumption significantly increases the likelihood of street homelessness. Those who have experienced homelessness have unstable housing conditions with the expectation of ones future deterioration. They are more likely to live in communal apartments, hostels, and rented housing. The experience of homelessness is associated with lack of housing owned by the person. The experience of homelessness is closely related to feelings of loneliness and conflicts in the family. Homelessness is correlated with life dissatisfaction. Compared to several countries (Australia, Canada, European countries), Russia has a higher life-time prevalence of homelessness and longer average duration of homelessness. All this emphasizes the importance of housing market policies development and social protection of people vulnerable to homelessness.
The main factors of schoolchildren agency: empirical analysis
Authors: Goshin Mikhail E. , Sorokin Pavel S. , Grigoryev Dmitry S.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to schoolchildren agency, understood as the ability to make decisions and proactively act in various contexts and spheres of public and personal life, supporting or transforming social environment. The focus of the study is aimed at examining interrelationships between the level of schoolchildren agency and factors related to the family environment, as well as academic performance and participation in extracurricular activities. The data were obtained by surveying 4,603 schoolchildren from 4th to 8th grade of schools in Yaroslavl. Another data source was a survey of 1,910 parents whose children attend extracurricular activities, as part of the Monitoring of education markets and organizations (http://memo.hse.ru/en/), from 8 federal districts of the Russian Federation in 2022. The level of agency was assessed using a specially developed methodology that takes into account the child’s activity in different areas (family or relationships with peers). It has been established that the socio-economic status of a family, primarily the parental level of education, is poorly related to the agency level, whereas older age and higher academic performance of schoolchildren demonstrate a slightly stronger positive relationship. The gender factor as a whole is not significant, however, boys display somewhat both higher and lower agency levels, while girls are characterized by average indicators. A strong positive relationship has been revealed between the level of schoolchildren agency and their participation in extracurricular activities most pronounced for classes in specialized organizations outside of school. The strongest relationship with the agency level is demonstrated by sports, art, social activities, technology and crafts.
Man and society – through the prism of artificial intelligence
Authors: Yakovenko Andrei V.
Published: July 2024

Prospects for the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies are discussed through the prism of human and societal imperfection. It is emphasized that artificial intelligence should be considered an essential reason for a kind of full-fledged self-audit by civilization and personality. The reasons for the pessimistic attitude to the possibilities of qualitative social transformations are evaluated, despite the vivid developments in the field of artificial intelligence. Fears of artificial intelligence reveal absurdity of many “basic” mechanisms of society’s existence up to now, including the standard ideas about prime importance of mercantile values. It is stated that there is a constant slip in the use of all without exception overtechnologies with maximum public benefit. Attention is focused on the expediency to implement a social revolution in its personally transformative dimension. At the same time it is noted that human improvement projects are almost unambiguously met with anxiety, distrust and reasonable skepticism.
In search of a new middle class: a critical look at the concept of the society of singularities by Andreas Reckwitz
Authors: Davydov Dmitry A.
Published: July 2024

The article examines the concept of the “society of singularities” by Andreas Reckwitz. According to the German sociologist, in the post-industrial society of late modernity, the “logic of the general” is inferior to the “logic of the individual” – the singular: the greatest value is not mass goods and services, but those that have unique cultural and symbolic value. Representatives of the highly educated “new middle class” who have succeeded in the “singularity” era value creative individualism most of all and strive for self-realization, openness and cultural diversity. This combines well with neoliberalism and globalization, which, in turn, contributed to growing socio-economic inequality and growing cultural contradictions. Accordingly, Reckwitz seeks to point out the problem of excessive “particularization” of society and the loss of the “generality”. Nevertheless, there is reason to believe that Reckwitz himself underestimates the problems he writes about and overestimates the positive aspects of “singularization”. The article shows that Reckwitz’s ideas about the “society of individuals”, the “new middle class” and the meritocratic nature of the new elites are extremely controversial. In the most “singular” (creative, associated with individual creativity) areas of activity, the middle class is extremely small, and in modern Western countries the dominant cultural and political position is occupied not by the smartest meritocrats, but by those who are able to attract the attention of the broadest masses and meet their aspirations.
Ancient land division of the Taman-Olbia type in the Lower Dnieper region
Authors: Garbuzov Gennady P.
Published: July 2024

Based on public data from the Google Earth, the article shows that the largest ancient land-division system in the Northern Black Sea region in antiquity was in the Lower Dnieper area. The land division observed there is very close in its external features to the land division which has long been known in the Olbia region. In general, it can be attributed to the non-linear land division of the Taman-Olbian type. The article substantiates the assumption that land division in the Lower Dnieper region was associated with farming which was carried out by the inhabitants of the Scythian settlements of the fourth – the first third of the third century BC. Together with the region of Olbia the Lower Dnieper area formed a dual centre of the same type of land division with a significant agricultural potential. Another such dual centre of a land-division type but on a smaller scale was the Bosporus together with the region of Middle Kuban.
A hoard of Seleucid bronze coins from Southern Dagestan
Authors: Zakharov Evgeniy V. , Smirnov Svyatoslav V.
Published: July 2024

The paper presents a hoard of 46 Seleucid bronze coins found in 2021 in the south of the Republic of Dagestan (Russia). The core of this complex consists of 43 bronze coins of Antiochus IV, minted at Antioch on the Orontes. All of them belong to the so-called ‘Egyptianizing’ series, produced in the period from autumn 169 to autumn 168 BC. In addition to these coins, the hoard includes two coins of Antiochus IV from Seleucia on the Tigris. A unique feature of this hoard is the presence of a coin of Seleucid usurper Timarchos, probably issued in 162–160 BC. Most likely, the hoard was formed outside of Caucasian Albania and reflects the composition of the coin circulation in the eastern regions of the Seleucid kingdom in the second half of the second century BC.
Israel’s GONGOs: Upholding Zionism and Fighting Human Rights NGOs
Authors: Philippova Natalya I.
Published: July 2024

Non-governmental organisations have been playing a significant role in international relations for a long time. When observing the Israeli NGOs, we see that those organisations who have gained prominence on the world stage to date are the NGOs that advocate for Palestinian rights and oppose the occupation. However, the role of pro-government NGOs (GONGOs) in Israel has also increased over the past ten years, both in defence of settlers’ rights and in defence of public interests. Given that the topic of Palestinian rights has been regularly on the agenda of UN bodies for a significant period of time, the activities of such NGOs could easily have been overshadowed by Israeli human rights organisations. This article focuses on GONGOs and examines their repertoire of collective action, with an emphasis on social movement theory. The main roots of GONGOs lie in the settlement movement established in 1974, but the main catalysts for their establishment, as reflected in the article, were the implementation of the unilateral disengagement plan in 2005 and the intensification of the call for a boycott of Israel. With objectives such as: preserving Israel’s image as a Jewish and democratic state and protecting the rights of settlers, GONGO has succeeded in reducing anti-Israeli rhetoric, a fact that is also reflected at the legislative level.