bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL NO MUNICÍPIO DE PRIMAVERA DO LESTE-MT
Authors: Debacker Jéssica Karina , Rezende Greyce Bernardes de Mello
Published: January 2019

O descarte adequado dos resíduos da construção civil (RCC) é de suma importância para evitar ou diminuir os impactos causados ao meio ambiente. Este estudo procurou investigar a atual gestão dos RCC no município de Primavera do Leste-MT, e foi averiguado se ela condiz com o que a Resolução CONAMA nº 307/2002 designa. A metodologia empregada classifica-se como exploratória e descritiva. Dessa forma, foram apresentadas pesquisas bibliográficas que conceituam construção civil e desenvolvimento sustentável; definição e classificação dos RCC; redução, reutilização e reciclagem e gestão de RCC. Levantou-se informações a respeito do gerenciamento realizado pelos geradores de RCC e sobre o transporte e o descarte feito pelos coletores. Para tanto, foi feito diagnóstico em cinco obras de quatro construtoras. Também foi realizada a estimativa de geração de RCC diária per capita, para compará-la com a média nacional, que é de 0,5 t/habitante/ano, sendo que o valor obtido através dos cálculos realizados foi de 0,75 t/habitante/ano. Também foram observados pontos de descarte irregulares e uso inadequado dos EcoPontos espalhados pela cidade. Por meio deste estudo foi possível observar que a gestão aplicada ao município de Primavera do Leste, atualmente, não condiz com o que a resolução supracitada estabelece. Diante disso, foram propostas sugestões para melhorar a gestão dos RCC no município, visando adequá-la à resolução.
Derechos Humanos y Trabajo Social. Una tesis explicativa de su relación
Authors: Herrera Rodríguez Omar Santiago
Published: January 2019

En este trabajo examino la emergencia y desarrollo de la discusión sobre Derechos Humanos en el Trabajo Social latinoamericano durante la década de los ochenta, enfatizando en el caso costarricense; a partir del análisis de las condiciones socio-históricas de esa época y cómo éstas influyeron en la recepción de este tema en el gremio.
COMUNICAÇÃO PÚBLICA: UM DIREITO HUMANO EM CONEXÃO COM O SERVIÇO SOCIAL
Authors: Figueiredo Kênia Augusta
Published: January 2019

Esse artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a conexão entre a Comunicação Pública e o Serviço Social a partir de referenciais teórico-metodológicos e de pesquisa de campo. Com singularidade e formas próprias a Comunicação Pública se fundamenta nos direitos humanos e atribui o protagonismo a população por meio do exercício da cidadania havendo, portanto, um diálogo necessário entre as áreas visto o projeto ético político do Serviço Social. Essa transversalidade, em especial nas políticas sociais colabora em essência para o fortalecimento da democracia e para a noção de direito de cidadania. Sob este aspecto, de reconhecimento de si e para si é que o Serviço Social, por meio de suas intervenções técnico-operativas e da função pedagógica alicerçada na dimensão teórico-metodológica e ético-politica tem muito a contribuir para a construção de uma cultura hegemônica dos trabalhadores com o suporte técnico político da Comunicação Pública.
A REFORMA TRABALHISTA BRASILEIRA E A PROIBIÇÃO DE RETROCESSO SOCIAL: UMA ANÁLISE DO TEXTO REFORMISTA A PARTIR DO PROCESSO DE RESSIGNIFICAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS SOCIAIS
Authors: Valente Nara Luiza , Fogaça Vitor Hugo Bueno , Silva Silmara Carneiro e
Published: January 2019

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar as motivações da reforma trabalhista brasileira, demonstrando a possibilidade de retrocesso social a partir de sua implementação. Para tanto, inicialmente, refletiu-se teoricamente a respeito dos direitos fundamentais de segunda dimensão, em especial o direito ao trabalho; em seguida analisou-se o princípio da proibição de retrocesso dos direitos sociais garantidos constitucionalmente, para então adentrar na seara da reforma trabalhista. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho interdisciplinar, que utilizou como aporte metodológico a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Ao final, conclui-se que com o advento da reforma trabalhista, direitos conquistados, a partir de históricas lutas sociais foram tolhidos, contrariando expressamente a vedação do retrocesso social.
Numerical simulation and analysis of the vertical and double pipe soil - air heat exchanger
Authors: Liu Liying , Li Qibin , Ju Fali , Dong Xiukun , Yu Xiaoping
Published: January 2019

A quasi-3-D soil-air heat and mass transfer model was established to simulate the process of heat and moisture exchange in the vertical and double soil-air heat exchanger. At the same time, the heat and moisture exchange were considered in the model, and the air-flow parameter equation and heat transfer control equation were combined. The MATLAB was used for the calculation procedure, and the model was solved using an iterative method. The average relative error of the numerical calculation was less than 2%. Moreover, the heat exchanger performance influence factors were validated. The simulation results showed that: with the lengthening of the heat exchanger, the smaller the air-flow, the shorter the running time, the air temperature and moisture content at the outlet of the heat exchanger were lower, the cooling and dehumidification effect were more obvious. However, the magnitude of change gradually decreased, and finally stabilized.
An iterative approach to viscoelastic boundary-layer flows with heat source/sink and thermal radiation
Authors: Iqbal Syeda , Sajid Muhammad , Mahmood Khalid , Naveed Muhammad , Khan Muhammad
Published: January 2019

In this study effect of radiation on the viscoelastic Walter-B fluid is investigated with heat sink/source. Sakiadis, Blasius, and stagnation point flows are considered at constant surface temperature. Some suitable similarity variables have been utilized to transform governing equations into ODE. An iterative approach based on the Legendre wavelet spectral collocation method is applied for the solution of the resulting equations. The obtained results are validated by plotting the residual error curves in each case. Temperature and heat transfer rate at wall are analyzed to investigate the influence of involved parameters. It is found that the Legendre wavelet spectral collocation method is very efficient and can be employed for the solutions of various non-Newtonian flow problems.
Cooling solar cells using ZnO nanoparticles as a down-shifter
Authors: Bazzari Huda , Abushgair Khaleel , Hamdan Mohammad , Alkhaldi Hashem
Published: January 2019

Down-shifting material is used to enhance the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic solar cell by reducing the energy of incident photons and then cooling down the temperature of the photovoltaic solar cells. This experimental work focused on studying the effect of ZnO nanoparticles as a downshifting material on reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic cells. Readings of temperature and voltage-which were collected on different days in summer July showed a good effect of ZnO nanoparticles on solar cell temperature. Where there was a significant decrease in cell temperature of up to 4.5?C, in addition an increase in voltage of about 1.5 V.
How International Accounting Research Influences Policy and Standard Setting
Authors: Barth Mary E.
Published: January 2019

For accounting to be a learned profession, research must play an important role in shaping accounting practice. This keynote address focuses on how international accounting research influences policy and financial reporting standard setting. It begins by clarifying what is, and is not, accounting. Next, it provides perspective on characteristics of the research that make it suitable for informing standard setters and identifies sources of research topics. Seven studies provide examples of research that can influence global financial reporting standard setting. The address closes by reinforcing the keys to conducting research to influence policy.
Effects of different settings for 940 nm diode laser on expanded suture in rats
Authors: Tas Deynek Gul , Ramoglu Sabri Ilhan
Published: January 2019

Objectives:

To evaluate the effects of the Indium Gallium Arsenide Phosphoride (InGaAsP) diode laser at different energy levels on orthopedically expanded midpalatal sutures of rats.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and low-, moderate-, and high-level laser groups with amounts of energy irradiated at 0 J, 18 J, 42 J, and 60 J, respectively. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 10) according to the schedule of sacrifice (7 and 21 days). Laser application (940 ± 10 nm, 0.1 W) was completed twice weekly until sacrifice. The number of osteoblasts (OB), osteocytes (OC), and vessels (V); area of connective tissue (CT); inflammation (IN); and newly formed bone (NB); as well as the ratio of newly formed bone to the total bone area (N/T) were evaluated statistically at a significance level of P < .05.

Results:

For the low-level laser group, OB, NB, and N/T were significantly higher, and CT was lower, on both the 7th and 21st days. The amount of OC was significantly higher in the low-level laser group compared with the control group on the 7th day and the control and high-level laser groups on the 21st day. The IN was significantly higher for the high-level group on the 21st day compared with other groups. Both the moderate-level and high-level laser groups possessed fewer vessels than the low-level laser group on the 21st day.

Conclusions:

The InGaAsP laser at the low dosage induced a favorable effect on bone formation in the orthopedically expanded midpalatal suture of rats.
Predictors of orthodontic residency performance: An assessment of scholastic and demographic selection parameters
Authors: Grillo Andrew C. , Ghoneima Ahmed A. M. , Garetto Lawrence P. , Bhamidipalli Surya S. , Stewart Kelton T.
Published: January 2019

Objective:

To evaluate the association between resident selection criteria, including Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores, and student performance in an orthodontic residency program.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study evaluated the academic records of 70 orthodontic residency graduates from the Indiana University School of Dentistry. The following demographic and scholastic data were extracted from the student academic records: applicant age, gender, ethnicity, race, country of origin, dental school graduation year, GRE score, and graduate orthodontic grade point average (GPA). In addition, student American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) written examination quintiles were obtained from the ABO. Scatterplots, analysis of variance, and correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was established at .05 for the study.

Results:

No associations were found with any component of the GRE, except with the quantitative GRE section, which displayed a weak association with ABO module 2 scores. Dental school GPA demonstrated weak correlations with all ABO modules and moderate correlations with overall and didactic orthodontic GPAs. When assessing demographic factors, significant differences (P < .05) were observed, with the following groups demonstrating higher performance on certain ABO modules: age (younger), race (whites), and country of origin (US citizens).

Conclusions:

Findings suggest the GRE has no association with student performance in an orthodontic residency. However, dental school GPA and/or class rank appear to be the strongest scholastic predictors of residency performance.
Innvandrarborgaren
Authors: Børhaug Kjetil
Published: January 2019

Både i Noreg og andre europeiske land har integrasjonspolitikken dei siste 12–15 åra innført sterkare element av medborgaropplæring. I Noreg tar dette form av eit 50 timars kurs i samfunnskunnskap for innvandrarar frå utanfor EØS-området. I denne samanhengen er det spenningar mellom einsidig vektlegging på arbeidslivet og på eit breiare fokus på samfunnsdeltaking. Det er også spenningar mellom myndiggjerande ambisjonar på den eine sida og ambisjonar om tilpassing til norske verdiar og tradisjonar på den andre. Denne artikkelen vil drøfta den medborgaridentiteten som vert konstruert for innvandrarar i samfunnskunnskap i dette spenningsfeltet. Det empiriske materialet er læremiddel som er i bruk i opplæring av innvandrarar i samfunnskunnskap.
«Å lære et håndverk»:Pedagogikklæreres perspektiver på observasjon i barnehagelærerutdanningen
Authors: Birkeland Johanna
Published: January 2019

Artikkelen setter fokus på observasjon i barnehagelærerutdanningen (BLU). Observasjon skal inngå i barnehagelæreres utdanning slik at kommende barnehagelærere har kunnskaper om og ferdigheter i observasjon som del av sin profesjonskompetanse (jf. Kunnskapsdepartementet, 2012c; Utdanningsdirektoratet, 2017). Studien synliggjør barnehagelærerens samfunnsmandat når det gjelder observasjon og hvilke kunnskaper om og ferdigheter i observasjon som vektlegges av pedagogikklærerne. Studiens empiriske grunnlag er en dialogkafé (Brown & Isaacs, 2005) med 12 pedagogikklærere ved en utdanningsinstitusjon i Norge. Resultatet avdekker at samfunnsnivåets føringer, som er gitt i rammeplaner for barnehager og barnehagelærerutdanning, og der observasjon for endring og utvikling av pedagogisk praksis vektlegges, er heller fraværende på individnivå sett fra pedagogikklærernes perspektiver. Videre viser studien en manglende tillit til praksisfeltet som arena for barnehagelærerstudentenes læring om observasjon. Studien indikerer også et behov for avklaring av sentrale observasjonsmetoder i en profesjonsutdanning, der observasjon har to formål: 1) læring gjennom observasjon og 2) tilegnelse av kompetanse til å observere.
Drömmen som gick i kras. Väitös Alvar Aallon keskustasuunnitelmasta Helsinkiin
Authors: Jokinen Teppo
Published: January 2019

Arvio Eva Johanssonin väitöskirjasta "Drömmen som gick i kras. Alvar Aaltos centrumplan för Helsingfors 1959–1972. Bakgrund, utveckling och bemötande i en samtida kontext".
Fenomena Website Streaming Film di Era Media Baru: Godaan, Perselisihan, dan Kritik
Authors: Wibowo Tangguh Okta
Published: January 2019

Studi ini mengeksplorasi praktik menonton film melalui website streaming film yang ada di Indonesia dan pola komunikasinya dengan pemerintah dan korporasi. Studi ini menggunakan paradigma sebuah prisma dari Saukko (2003) yang merujuk pada penggunaan ‘kristalisasi’. Secara metaforis, kristal tidak hanya merefleksikan cahaya ke luar, yaitu dengan menghadirkan kompleksitas yang menyelimuti website streaming film, tetapi juga melihat perspektif dari dalam. Untuk pengumpulan data, studi ini telah mensortir sebagian besar website streaming film yang ada di Indonesia (melalui mesin pencari Google Indonesia). Perkembangan teknologi Internet di era digital ini telah mentransformasi praktik menonton film yang kini dapat diakses di mana dan kapan pun melalui website streaming film. Selama ini persoalan praktik menonton film secara online dilabeli pemerintah sebagai website penyedia film bajakan dan harus diberantas, tetapi di sisi lain, pemilik website tersebut menyediakan semua film secara online gratis dan dapat dinikmati siapa saja dengan tujuan berbagi. Bagian selanjutnya, fokus dari studi ini adalah analisis ketegangan antara website streaming film yang mendorong hiburan film menjadi gratis di era digital dan regulasi negara dan korporat di tengah ‘perang terhadap pembajakan’. Di bagian akhir, studi ini secara kritis juga menyoroti ekonomi politik hadirnya website streaming film dan menggunakan perspektif pembajakan untuk menganalisis website streaming film dibalik motif ‘ekonomi berbagi’ atas kemunculan website tersebut hingga terbentuknya ekonomi hibrid.
Model Diseminasi Informasi Komunikasi Kesehatan Masyarakat Pedesaan di Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Authors: Rodiah Saleha , Budiono Agung , Rohman Asep Saeful
Published: January 2019

Akses masyarakat terhadap informasi kesehatan belumlah merata, untuk dapat mewujudkan kemandirian masyarakat di bidang kesehatan dilakukan kegiatan promosi kesehatan sebagai upaya peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat di bidang kesehatan, khususnya di pedesaan Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Untuk itu perlu diketahui bagaimana model diseminasi informasi kesehatan masyarakat pedesaan ditinjau dari peran komunikator, manajemen pesan serta khalayaknya. Metode yang digunakan yakni studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan datanya berupa pengamatan langsung ke lapangan, wawancara tidak terstruktur, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan studi pustaka. Informan penelitian ini berjumlah 7 (tujuh) orang, dipilih secara purposif. Hasil penelitiannya adalah komunikator diseminasi informasi kesehatan melibatkan berbagai pihak dengan sistem pemberdayaan berjenjang, hingga subjek terakhirnya adalah warga masyarakat. Agen pemberdaya sebagai komunikator diseminasi informasi menjalankan peran sebagai fasilitator, motivator dan mediator. Strategi manajemen pesan yang digunakannya adalah pendidikan dan promosi kesehatan menuju perubahan perilaku yang berwawasan kesehatan. Penyampaian informasi kesehatan melalui sosialisasi dan penyuluhan ditujukan pada perangkat desa dan masyarakat. Informasi yang bersifat ajakan (persuasif) juga secara aktif dilakukan agar masyarakat dapat meningkatkan kualitas kesehatannya. Diseminasi informasi akan berhasil apabila komunikator dapat menganalisa khalayak sasarannya, yakni mengidentifikasi sasaran berdasarkan sosiodemografi, kebutuhan informasi kesehatan serta cara-cara pemilihan akses informasi.
Modelo para la implementación de un sistema integrado de gestión de calidad y ambiental en una empresa SIDERÚRGICA
Authors: Alzate-Ibañez Angélica María , Ramírez Ríos John Fredy , Bedoya Montoya Laura María
Published: January 2019

La dinámica de los mercados ha conducido a las organizaciones empresariales a implementar herramientas de gestión que les permitan adquirir nuevas ventajas competitivas. Actualmente, estas ventajas no solamente son generadas por las condiciones del entorno, sino también por la optimización de los procesos internos. Este artículo presenta un modelo para la implementación del sistema integrado de gestión de calidad y ambiental en una empresa del sector metalmecánico desde el enfoque a procesos. Se realiza un diagnóstico de la empresa frente al cumplimiento de los requisitos de las normas ISO 9001:2015 e ISO 14001:2015. Posteriormente, se presenta un modelo estructurado en dos etapas para la implementación del sistema integrado de gestión. El modelo involucra los procesos y las actividades a tener en cuenta para dar cumplimiento a los requisitos normativos y garantizar la eficacia y eficiencia del sistema. Los lineamientos proporcionados en este artículo son aplicables a cualquier tipo de organización empresarial, con fines de implementación de sistemas integrados de gestión.
Disposición a pagar por la conservación de los recursos naturales del Parque Nacional Molino de Flores Nezahualcóyotl, México
Authors: Herrera Llampallas Alejandro , Luque Delgadillo Ariana , Monterroso Rivas Alejandro , Jaimes Albiter Fermín , Ramírez García Adán Guillermo
Published: January 2019

El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito conocer la disposición a pagar por la conservación de los recursos naturales del Parque Nacional Molino de Flores Netzahualcóyotl (PNMFN), en el municipio de Texcoco, México. Para este fin se aplicaron 152 encuestas a familias de visitantes, particularmente dirigidas a los jefes de familia. Con base en el método de valoración contingente se logró estimar un potencial de pago por entrada al parque de $21 pesos (US$1.18). Extrapolando conservadoramente a valores anuales el parque podría captar poco más de cuatro millones de pesos anuales (US$230,000). Se concluye que es una fuente de financiamiento viable para impulsar obras de conservación y manejo de los recursos naturales requeridas urgentemente y así solicitadas por los entrevistados como condicionante. Los comerciantes dentro del parque y visitantes deben ser incorporados en cualquier plan de acción que se pretenda llevar a cabo por parte de la administración. Finalmente, se evidencia por los entrevistados la necesidad de implementar estrategias de conservación y restauración integrales que permitan el mejoramiento del estado actual del parque y el potencial beneficio social que dichas mejoras representarían.
Creatio ex nihilio and the Eternity of the World in Aquinas and Avicenna
Authors: Casales García Roberto
Published: January 2019

Contrary to the claim of some contemporary physicists, according to which there is a certain incompatibility between creation and the eternity of the world (hypothesis assumed, for example, in the theory of multiverses), the present paper analyzes Aquinas and Aviccenna’s concept of creation in order to distinguish it from the concept of motion. To achieve this I do two things: first, I distinguish between these two concepts in order to clarify in which sense all creation is ex nihilio; then, I discuss the compatibility between creation and the eternity of the world, particularly in Saint Thomas Aquinas, who claims that eternity does not necessarily imply the rejection of creation.
EL INFLUJO DE AGUSTÍN DE HIPONA EN LA NOCIÓN FILOSÓFICA DE IRA DE FRANCISCO DE SALES
Authors: Téllez Maqueo David Ezequiel
Published: January 2019

Resumen: El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar la noción salesiana de ira desde una perspectiva filosófica, algo poco habitual entre sus intérpretes. Para ello, me propongo (1) primeramente encuadrar el tema a partir de la polémica de la filosofía antigua entre Séneca y Aristóteles sobre la moralidad de la ira y su valor antropológico, seguida de un análisis de la ira en Agustín de Hipona. Posteriormente (2), abordaré algunas consideraciones filosóficas de la ira realizadas por Francisco de Sales a través de los autores griegos, medievales y monásticos con los que se relaciona su pensamiento. Finalmente, (3) haré una valoración general de la postura salesiana sobre el valor moral de la ira, poniendo de relieve que, sin tratarse de un pensador propiamente estoico, Francisco de Sales se desmarca a grandes rasgos de la postura aristotélica. Palabras clave: Ira, Pasiones, Psicología filosófica, Antropología Filosófica, Filosofía moral
Determination of the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of trazodone and its effect on the activity level of domestic pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Desmarchelier Marion R. , Beaudry Francis , Ferrell Shannon T. , Frank Diane
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of trazodone and its effect on the activity of domestic pigeons (Columba livia).

ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult male domestic pigeons.

PROCEDURES: During the first of 3 experiments, birds received orally administered trazodone at doses ranging from 3 to 30 mg/kg to determine the dose for subsequent experiments. During the second experiment, each bird received 1 dose of trazodone (30 mg/kg, PO). Blood was collected for determination of plasma trazodone concentration before and at predetermined times for 24 hours after drug administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis. During experiment 3, birds were instrumented with ultralightweight accelerometers and received orally administered trazodone (30 mg/kg) or an equal volume of water twice at a 48-hour interval. Activity of birds was monitored for 24 hours after administration of each treatment.

RESULTS: No adverse effects were observed. Mean ± SD terminal half-life of trazodone was 5.65 ± 1.75 hours. Plasma trazodone concentrations remained > 0.130 μg/mL for approximately 20 hours. Trazodone did not affect the activity of birds during the first 2 and 15 hours after administration.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that oral administration of 1 dose (30 mg/kg) of trazodone to healthy pigeons was safe and resulted in plasma drug concentrations that were similar to those considered therapeutic in humans and dogs for up to 20 hours. Further research is necessary to characterize the pharmacokinetics for repeated doses as well as the clinical effects of trazodone in birds with behavior problems.
Use of a modified passive leg-raising maneuver to predict fluid responsiveness during experimental induction and correction of hypovolemia in healthy isoflurane-anesthetized pigs
Authors: Paranjape Vaidehi V. , Shih Andre C. , Garcia-Pereira Fernando L.
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of a modified passive leg-raising maneuver (PLRM) to predict fluid responsiveness during experimental induction and correction of hypovolemia in isoflurane-anesthetized pigs.

ANIMALS 6 healthy male Landrace pigs.

PROCEDURES Pigs were anesthetized with isoflurane, positioned in dorsal recumbency, and instrumented. Following induction of a neuromuscular blockade, pigs were mechanically ventilated throughout 5 sequential experimental stages during which the blood volume was manipulated so that subjects transitioned from normovolemia (baseline) to hypovolemia (blood volume depletion, 20% and 40%), back to normovolemia, and then to hypervolemia. During each stage, hemodynamic variables were measured before and 3 minutes after a PLRM and 1 minute after the pelvic limbs were returned to their original position. The PLRM consisted of raising the pelvic limbs and caudal portion of the abdomen to a 15° angle relative to the horizontal plane.

RESULTS Hemodynamic variables did not vary in response to the PLRM when pigs were normovolemic or hypervolemic. When pigs were hypovolemic, the PLRM resulted in a significant increase in cardiac output and decrease in plethysomographic variability index and pulse pressure variation. When the pelvic limbs were returned to their original position, cardiac output and pulse pressure variation rapidly returned to their pre-PLRM values, but the plethysomographic variability index did not.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested a modified PLRM might be useful for identification of hemodynamically unstable animals that are likely to respond to fluid therapy. Further research is necessary to validate the described PLRM for prediction of fluid responsiveness in clinically ill animals.
In vitro effect of 20% N-acetylcysteine on the viscosity of normal canine bile
Authors: Boullhesen-Williams Tomas , Townsend Katy L. , Milovancev Milan , White Nicole C. , Harris Conor G. , Adiga Prajwal
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro effect of 20% N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the viscosity of normal canine bile.

ANIMALS Bile samples obtained from 10 adult dogs euthanized for reasons unrelated to biliary disease.

PROCEDURES Each sample was centrifuged to remove particulates, then divided into 3 aliquots. One aliquot remained untreated (control). Each of the other aliquots was diluted 1:4 with 20% NAC or sterile water. The viscosity of all samples was measured with a rotational viscometer at 25°C. Viscosity of control samples was measured immediately after centrifugation and at 1 and 24 hours after treatment application to the diluted samples. Viscosity of diluted samples was measured at 1 and 24 hours after treatment application.

RESULTS Mean viscosity differed significantly among the 3 groups at both 1 and 24 hours after treatment application. Relative to control samples, the addition of NAC and sterile water decreased the viscosity by approximately 3.35 mPa·s (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 5.12 mPa·s) and 2.74 mPa·s (95% CI, 1.33 to 4.14 mPa·s), respectively. Mean viscosity of the NAC-treated samples was approximately 0.61 mPa·s (95% CI, 0.21 to 1.01 mPa·s) less than that for the sterile water–treated samples.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that in vitro dilution of canine bile 1:4 with 20% NAC significantly decreased the viscosity of the resulting mixture. Further research is necessary to determine whether NAC is a safe and effective noninvasive treatment for dogs with persistent biliary sludge or gallbladder mucoceles.
Changes in pupil size and intraocular pressure after topical application of 0.5% tropicamide to the eyes of dogs sedated with butorphanol
Authors: Jugant Sophie , Grillot Aure-Eline , Lyarzhri Faouzi , Régnier Alain , Douet Jean-Yves
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in pupil size and intraocular pressure (IOP) following topical application of a 0.5% tropicamide solution in the eyes of healthy butorphanol-sedated dogs.

ANIMALS: 12 healthy adult Beagles.

PROCEDURES: In a randomized crossover study consisting of 2 treatment periods with a 1-week washout between periods, dogs received an IM injection of butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) or an equal volume of sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. For each dog, 1 drop of 0.5% tropicamide ophthalmic solution was topically instilled in one eye and 1 drop of artificial tear solution was topically instilled in the other eye 10 minutes after the IM injection and again 5 minutes later. Extent of sedation, pupil size, and IOP were evaluated from 20 minutes before to 80 minutes after the IM injection and compared among treatment combinations.

RESULTS: Butorphanol induced mild (n = 9) or moderate (3) sedation in all dogs and slightly delayed the onset of, but did not prevent, tropicamide-induced mydriasis. Butorphanol caused a significant increase in IOP, which was not exacerbated by tropicamide-induced mydriasis; however, that increase was generally not sufficient to exceed the upper limit of the IOP reference range.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that butorphanol did not prevent tropicamide-induced mydriasis but did increase the IOP in ophthalmologically normal Beagles. Although the butorphanol-induced increase in IOP did not appear clinically relevant for the dogs of this study, that may not be true for dogs with glaucoma, and care should be taken when butorphanol is administered to such dogs.
Substitution of mitoxantrone for doxorubicin in a multidrug chemotherapeutic protocol for first-line treatment of dogs with multicentric intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma
Authors: Marquardt Taya M. , Lindley Stephanie E. S. , Smith Annette N. , Cannon Claire M. , Rodriguez Carlos O. , Thamm Douglas H. , Childress Michael O. , Northrup Nicole C.
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of substituting mitoxantrone for doxorubicin in a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapeutic protocol for first-line treatment of dogs with multicentric intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma.

DESIGN Retrospective cohort study.

ANIMALS 44 dogs treated with cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisone (CMOP) and 51 dogs treated with CHOP at 12 referral institutions.

PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed to determine response to treatment, progression-free survival time, and overall survival time. For dogs treated with CMOP, adverse events were also recorded.

RESULTS All 44 (100%) dogs treated with CMOP and 37 of 38 (97.4%) dogs treated with CHOP had a complete or partial response. Median progression-free survival time for dogs treated with CMOP was 165 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 143 to 187 days), and median overall survival time was 234 days (95% CI, 165 to 303 days). For dogs treated with CHOP, median progression-free survival time was 208 days (95% CI, 122 to 294 days), and median overall survival time was 348 days (95% CI, 287 to 409 days). Progression-free and overall survival times were not significantly different between groups. Overall, 9 of the 44 (20%) dogs treated with CMOP had adverse events likely or probably related to mitoxantrone, but all of these adverse events were mild.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that mitoxantrone may be a reasonable substitution in a CHOP protocol for treatment of dogs with multicentric intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma when doxorubicin is contraindicated.
An approach to compare the environmental conditions of Acer in the Miocene and in the modern flora of Turkey, based on wood anatomy
Authors: Akkemik Ünal , Bayam Nevriye Neslihan Acarca , Akarsu Ferdi
Published: January 2019

In this study, xeromorphy ratios were calculated for Acer L. (maple) fossil woods in order to infer the precipitation conditions in the Miocene at the sites of the fossils, based on a comparison with the xeromorphy ratios of selected extant Acer species. The four studied petrified wood samples came from three localities of the Galatean Volcanic Province in Turkey: Kozyaka village (Bolu Province, Seben District), İnözü Valley (Ankara Province, Beypazarı District), and Kıraluç precinct between Nuhhoca and Dağşeyhler villages (Ankara Province, Beypazarı District). The calculated xeromorphy ratios ranged from 3 to 18 for the present-day wood and from 13 to 19 for the early Miocene wood. Values over 10 (11–18) represent xeric conditions; the lower values (3–7) indicate mesic conditions in modern Acer woods. The xeromorphy ratios of the Miocene wood indicate xeric conditions; we conclude that the sites of the fossil Acer woods were xeric, very similar to the modern Acer woodlands of central and southern Anatolia.
Early eudicot reproductive structure: Fruit and flower morphology of Ranunculaecarpus Samyl. from the Early Cretaceous of eastern Siberia
Authors: Manchester Steven R. , Golovneva Lina B. , Sokoloff Dmitry D. , Friis Else Marie
Published: January 2019

Floral and fruit morphology of the early eudicot Ranunculaecarpus quinquecarpellatus Samyl. is described based on details from sectioning and microscopy of the permineralized type material from the Albian Buor-Kemyus Formation of the Zyryanka coal basin. Serial sections confirmed most of the originally described characters but revealed additional information, including hypogynous perianth and several stamens with in situ pollen. Each fruit consists of five free follicles inserted on a short receptacle. Follicles are elongate, with a dorsal keel, ventral suture and an attenuate apex, and are thin-walled, with two rows of small seeds in marginal placentation. The seeds are anatropous, ovoid, 1.3–1.7 in length, with an exotesta of cells that are rounded-hexagonal in surface view. The hypogynous perianth is composed of several free tepals. The stamens are short, with tetrasporangiate, dithecal anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Pollen in situ is 18–20 mm long, 13–15 mm in equatorial diameter, with uncertain aperture configuration and a loose reticulum supported by narrow, widely spaced columellae. The combination of macromorphological characters support possible affinity to extant Ranunculaceae. However, Ranunculaecarpus is distinguished from modern members of the family by the persistence of the perianth in fruit, a smaller number of stamens (ca 10) than is typical, and pollen that is unlike that of any extant genera. Given that there are also similarities with Saxifragales, the systematic affinities of Ranunculaecarpus remain uncertain.
Determination of Melting Unit Productivity in Synthetic Fibrous Materials Production by Vertical Blowing Method
Authors: Sviatskii Vladislav , Božek Pavol , Sokolov Mikhail
Published: January 2019

This paper presents the technology of production of synthetic fibrous materials from PET-raw by vertical blowing method. Fibre production by vertical blowing method is accompanied by complex and specific phenomena; therefore, development of new progressive technologies, high-performance machines and units for producing such materials is impossible without process modelling, which can significantly reduce the number of natural tests, cost and designing time and select optimal operating modes. Molten material motion in the melting unit of the hydrostatic type is determined by means of Poiseuille formula. Furthermore, the paper has proven that the melting unit has the greatest impact on process productivity by means of outlet radius and the pressure change of compressed air acting on the molten material surface. Increase in the height of the molten material column in the main cylindrical chamber of melting unit also leads to an increase in process productivity.
Influence of Rheological Properties of a Soil Layer Adjacent to the Working Body Cutting Element on the Mechanism of Soil Cultivation
Authors: Aulin Victor , Lyashuk Oleg , Tykhyi Andrii , Karpushyn Sergiy , Denysiuk Nadia
Published: January 2019

On the basis of rheological characteristics, stress fields and deformations, new methods of improving the mechanism of soil cultivation are substantiated in this article. The mechanism of soil destruction is observed. Paper investigates the process of changing the stressed-deformed state of the soil under the influence of the working body. To study the viscoelastic properties of black earth soil, the method of amplitude sweeping with a measuring system of parallel high planes was applied using a modular rheometer MCR-302 (Anton Paar, Austria). Range of linear viscoelasticity of virgin soil was found to reach 0.1% deformation; range of linear viscoelasticity of cultivated field area is smaller by an order of magnitude – to 0.02% deformation. Structure destruction (the point of equality of modules) of virgin soil occurs at 20% deformation; structure of long steam soil destructs at 8% deformation. Technique of measuring the isobar zones distribution in horizontal and vertical planes by means of special strain gauges of the LPX 5000 model was developed. To reproduce the force pattern of the working bodies’ effect on soil environment, the measuring complex MIC 400D is used; stress-strain state of the soil is defined.
Assessment of Human Capability, An Effective Tool to Obtain Confidence in the Visual Inspection Process
Authors: Simion Carmen
Published: January 2019

To consistently produce high quality products, a quality management system must be practically implemented in every organization. One of its core instrument is to ensure the capability of the measurement systems, which are the basis for decisions regarding the behavior of the product critical quality characteristics. Base on requirements of the quality management system, a Measurement System Analysis should be conducted for all measurement system which are mentioned in the organization quality plan. Most problematic measurement system issues come from measuring discrete data, which are usually the result of human judgment (subjective decision) when categorizing products such as good/bad (visual inspection). It was the aim of this paper to address such an issue presenting a case study made in a local company from the Sibiu region, in order to evaluate how capable are the appraisers to visually inspect steel chains. The results were analyzed using MINITAB statistical software with its module called Attribute Agreement Analysis. The conclusion was that the inspection process must be improved by operator training, developing visual aids/boundary samples, establishing standards and set-up procedures.
Crimping Profile Optimization on the Air Spring Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Rusu Gabriela-Petruta , Popp Mihai-Octavian , Bârsan Alexandru , Oleksik Mihaela
Published: January 2019

Due to the fact that the requirements of the industry aim to improve the dynamics, the safety and the comfort during the use of the vehicles, it is recommended to use the finite element method for component quality optimization. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of analysis through the finite element method of the crimping process used to assemble air springs produced in the automotive industry. Starting from the prototype of an air spring, the researches are focused on the study of the assembly of the piston with the bellow and the crimping ring through the crimping process. After analysis with the finite element method and static tests, improvements were made to the piston, the results of the tests revealing an improvement as opposed the original variant of the piston.
Numerical Methods for BVP’s Appearing in Nondestructive Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Pop N. Daniel , Crăciunaş Gabriela
Published: January 2019

In this article we studies BVP’s that can not be solved as P.V.I or BVP with Matlab solvers ODExx or BVPxx since the solutions do not have limit in 0. We propose a numerical algorithm based on Cubic-spline written in Maple 16 [4].
Methods and procedures for the processing of feather from poultry slaughterhouses and the application of feather meal as antioxidant
Authors: Csapó J. , Albert Cs.
Published: January 2019

The research subject is the elaboration of a method and procedure for processing feather from poultry slaughterhouses and using it as antioxidant as well as for satisfying the sulphurous amino acid needs of ruminants. We investigated the level of digestion of the meal feather obtained with our technology, its antioxidant effect and role in the rumen fermentation of the ruminants. Making use of the digested feather meal’s antioxidant effect and amino acid composition, we make a suggestion for the preparation to be used as antioxidant and for the satisfaction of the sulphurous amino acid needs of ruminants. By adopting this procedure, the valueless feather can be transformed into a useful feed supplement (natural antioxidant, sulphur source) that can bring about significant economic growth. Pre-trials have been performed successfully, and in what follows we’ll need to prove through field trials and pilot-scale experiments that feather meal can be produced and utilized economically as antioxidant in monogastric animals and as a sulphur source in the studying of ruminants.
Production of protected amino acids using the reaction between hydroxycarboxylic acids and amino acids as well as binding on the bentonite
Authors: Csapó J. , Albert Cs. , Kiss D.
Published: January 2019

We have developed methods for the production of protected methionine and protected lysine, making use of the reaction between citric acid and malic acid as well as methionine and lysine, on the one hand, and of the interaction between swollen bentonite and the two amino acids, on the other hand. Our in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that one part of the amino acids transformed during the reaction, while another part bound on the bentonite’s surface to a significant degree. Assisted by the reaction between hydroxycarboxylic acids and amino acids, we achieved a protection of about 75% for methionine and 60% for lysine, that is, 25% of the methionine and 40% of the lysine appeared in the free amino acid fraction. The swollen bentonite bound 75% of the added methionine and 60% of the added lysine. Our chemical analyses have demonstrated that through the time–temperature combinations applied by us the methionine and lysine do not undergo significant degradation and can be fully released from the protected form. Further, our in vitro experiments using rumen fluid from fistulated cattle showed that during the average retention time of the fodder in the rumen the protected amino acids will resist microbial enzymes and maintain their protected status during their presence in the rumen.
The role of selenium in nutrition – A review
Authors: Tóth R. Juhászné , Csapó J.
Published: January 2019

The role of selenium has been changed over the last decade. The element that was previously considered to be toxic turned out to be present in the human body in amounts of 10–15 mg, and almost every cell of our body contains it. Selenium contributes to growth, supports healthy muscle activity, reproductive organs, reduces the toxicity of certain elements such as mercury, supports the immune system, and even delays the spread of certain viruses (influenza, Ebola, HIV). Selenium-deficient areas of Europe could be a risk for their populations. The recommended daily intake (RDA) of selenium is 55 µg/day, while WHO and FAO have set up the daily tolerable dose at 400 µg/day. We must count with the harmful effects of selenium overdose, but it is almost impossible to introduce this amount into our body solely with food. Our selenium sources can be refilled with food supplements or selenium-enriched functional foods. In the review article, we report about the role of selenium in the environment, selenium-enriched plants, selenium-enriched yeast, the role of selenium in animal feed and in the human body, the opportunities of selenium restoration, selenium-enriched animal products, and the selenium content of milk.
Exogenous and Endogenous Growth Models: a Critical Review
Authors: Chirwa Themba G. , Odhiambo Nicholas M.
Published: January 2019

The main divisions of the theoretical economic growth literature that we study today include exogenous and endogenous growth models that have transitioned through a number of notions and criticisms. Proponents of exogenous growth models argue that technological progress is the key determinant of long‑run economic growth as well as international productivity differences. Within the endogenous growth models, there are two notions that are propagated. The first postulates that capital used for innovative purposes can exhibit increasing returns to scale and thus account for the international productivity differences we observe today. The key determinants include knowledge, human capital, and research and development. The second argues that factors that affect the efficiency of capital, and hence cause capital flight, can also explain international productivity differences. These factors that affect the efficiency of capital include government spending, inflation, real exchange rates, and real interest rates. Our study results reveal that there is still no agreement on the dominant theoretical economic growth model amongst economists that can fully account for international productivity differences. We conclude that the future of theoretical economic growth is far from over and more work needs to be done to develop more practical structural economic growth models.
An Inference System of an Extension of Floyd-Hoare Logic for Partial Predicates
Authors: Ivanov Ievgen , Korniłowicz Artur , Nikitchenko Mykola
Published: January 2019

In the paper we give a formalization in the Mizar system [2, 1] of the rules of an inference system for an extended Floyd-Hoare logic with partial pre- and post-conditions which was proposed in [7, 9]. The rules are formalized on the semantic level. The details of the approach used to implement this formalization are described in [5].

We formalize the notion of a semantic Floyd-Hoare triple (for an extended Floyd-Hoare logic with partial pre- and post-conditions) [5] which is a triple of a pre-condition represented by a partial predicate, a program, represented by a partial function which maps data to data, and a post-condition, represented by a partial predicate, which informally means that if the pre-condition on a program’s input data is defined and true, and the program’s output after a run on this data is defined (a program terminates successfully), and the post-condition is defined on the program’s output, then the post-condition is true.

We formalize and prove the soundness of the rules of the inference system [9, 7] for such semantic Floyd-Hoare triples. For reasoning about sequential composition of programs and while loops we use the rules proposed in [3].

The formalized rules can be used for reasoning about sequential programs, and in particular, for sequential programs on nominative data [4]. Application of these rules often requires reasoning about partial predicates representing preand post-conditions which can be done using the formalized results on the Kleene algebra of partial predicates given in [8].
Formalizing Two Generalized Approximation Operators
Authors: Grabowski Adam , Sielwiesiuk Michał
Published: January 2019

Rough sets, developed by Pawlak [15], are important tool to describe situation of incomplete or partially unknown information. In this article we give the formal characterization of two closely related rough approximations, along the lines proposed in a paper by Gomolińska [2]. We continue the formalization of rough sets in Mizar [1] started in [6].