bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Siber Zorbalık Ölçeği Türkçe Uyarlaması
Authors: Küçük Selda , İnanıcı Mehmet Akif , Ziyalar Neylan
Published: October 2017

Objective: Cyberbullying is all of technically or relationally endamaging behaviors that are exhibited to an individual or a group, a specific or a legal entity by using information and communication technologies. It is observed questionnaire type of classification or sorting type of measuring tools are mostly used in terms of cyberbullying abroad. The aim of the study is to make Turkish adaptation of ‘Cyberbullying Questionnaire’ that is developed by Stewart at al. Materials and Methods: This survey is carried out in 5 public and 2 private schools depended on the Ministry of Education in Pendik district of Istanbul city. 633 students who study in 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades of the chosen schools construct the sample of the study. In the research, Socio-demographic Information Form and Cyberbullying Scale are used as data collection tool through face to face application. The findings obtained are analyzed via SPSS 21 statistical software.Results: The coefficients of “Factor Analysis” and “Cronbach Alpha” are calculated as validity-reliability tests. After factor analysis, coefficient of total internal consistency of the scale consisted of 13 items is calculated as crα=.87. The coefficients of the factors’ internal consistency are calculated as crα=.85 for the first factor and crα=.74 for the second one. With the total scores gathered from Cyberbullying Scale, the relationship between severity of being disturbed by other children and disturbing other children in the internet environment is found positively (r=0,48) meaningful.Conclusion: Cyberbullying Scale, which has adapted to Turkish is evaluated as applicable and has high internal consistency
Investigation of Blank Cartridge Gun Harming Potential in Target Range of 0-5 cm
Authors: Kılıç Serbülent , Cantürk Gürol , Öğünç Gökhan İbrahim
Published: October 2017

Aim: The aim of our study is to show through experiments harming potential of blank firing guns, which are known to be harmless mistakenly.
Materials and Method: Two different types of blank firing guns were utilized to shot at chicken leg as a tissue simulant; at a distance of 0-5 cm. Results of the experiments were photographed and recorded in a digital platform.
Contact shot at chicken leg caused full-thickness bone fracture and full-thickness tissue penetration. In contrast, correlation was not detected between dimensions of smoothing and tissue damage on the target. We think that the causes of results that have no correlation, as weather conditions, wind, temperature, defiency of blank cartridge guns.
Findings and Conclusion: The results we had, studies and case reports about this subject in literature exhibit obviously harming potential of blank firing guns for human body. No significant correlation was determined between damage, diameter of soot and shot range in 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm. A new research about the correlation between damage, diameter of soot and different close range of shot can be performed in another study.
Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalına Gelen Maluliyet Raporlarının Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Hilal Ahmet , Akgündüz Eren , Kaya Kenan , Yılmaz Kemal , Çekin Necmi
Published: October 2017

Objective: Disability; is defined as disablement. Disability, a word in Arabic origin, is derived from the word “malady” which means disablement, illness, unstable condition. The loss of function, due to injuries or occupational reasons, which does not improve and continue in a sequential manner despite all the treatments applied is defined as disability and the disability rate—profit loss rate in profession—is determined as the rate determined by using prepared scales—determining the loss amount of the whole body compared to the earning power in the profession. In this study, it was aimed that, revealing the contents of and results of disability reports and discussing results in the light of literature.
Materials and Methods: Disability reports sent by courts to Çukurova University Forensic Medicine Department between the dates of 01.01.2013 and 30.06.2016, whom claimed maimed after traffic accidents and other causes like work accidents, examined retrospectively.
Results: In total, 3835 disability files submitted by courts were included in the study. There were 2892 male (75.4%) and 943 (24.6%) female cases. The age range was between 1–79 years and it was observed that most of the cases were in the 30-39 age group. 3768 (98.3%) of the cases were injured due to traffic accidents and 67 (1.7%) were injured due to incidents rather than traffic accidents. The average rate of disability was 17.7%. The highest disability rate range was found to be in the 10-19.9 percent group. Of the cases, 587 (15.3%) were found not to have a reduction in earning power in the profession. During the calculation of the disability reports, 833 (21.7%) cases were found to be appraised because there was no item meeting the restriction.
Conclusion: It is believed that forensic medicine specialists often fail to provide a standard practice in disability reports. In order to achieve this standardization, it is necessary to increase the number of collaborations. In terms of helping to ensure justice, we think that each of the regulations used in the disability calculation alone is inadequate for which reason it is necessary to establish a new regulation which includes more detailed, current professions.
Responsabilidad estatal y Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho. Elementos para una política de defensa jurídica en Colombia
Authors: Parra Ramírez Gustavo , Jiménez William Guillermo
Published: October 2017

El Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho –ESDD– es un modelo que genera profundas implicaciones en cuanto a la protección y garantía de los derechos fundamentales de las personas; en este sentido, exige un gran compromiso de los agentes y funcionarios públicos para evitar causar daños a los conciudadanos por su acción u omisión. El objetivo del artículo es aportar elementos teóricos y jurídicos para una mejor comprensión sobre la responsabilidad del Estado colombiano en el marco del ESDD, el cual se constituye en una de las categorías centrales del análisis sobre la defensa jurídica del Estado. Es un estudio explicativo y correlacional, con método cualitativo que utiliza las técnicas de revisión documental y observación directa aplicada sobre fuentes primarias y secundarias. Se concluye que la adopción del ESDD ha generado un régimen de responsabilidad estatal más sensible y ampliado, pero simultáneamente, no ha habido un cambio positivo en la acción de los agentes del Estado frente a la producción del daño antijurídico, lo que resulta en un aumento desaforado de las demandas y condenas contra la Nación y por consiguiente, la necesidad de diseñar y evaluar la política pública de defensa jurídica del Estado.
Indian Topic in R. Kipling’s early Creative Art («Plain Tales from the Hills», 1888): An Alternative View
Authors: Posudiyevska Olga
Published: October 2017

This article presents the study of Rudyard Kipling’s early pieces of writing (the collection of stories Plain Tales from the Hills, 1888). The author proposes an alternative view to the consideration of the writer’s literary heritage from the position of jingoism and propagation of the civilizing mission of the British Empire, which can still be encountered in academic research. The analysis of Plain Tales from the Hills suggests that the praise of British imperialism was not the main idea of Kipling’s early works. The researcher comes to the conclusion that Kipling did not regard India as a conquered barbarous land which the British people had to civilize. This remote exotic country became a motherland for a representative of Anglo-Indian society, who was born in Indian environment. Kipling’s love for India is felt in his strive to give a detailed description of exotic locations and ethnographic peculiarities and even to restore the manner of speech of Indian population. The reader of Plain Tales from the Hills can perceive the author’s respect for the English and Indian people, working in harsh climate, his interest and great sympathy with the aboriginal population, living in hard social conditions under the British rule. The sarcastic remarks of his characters, which reflect Kipling’s doubt in the beneficial role of the British Empire in the lives of the Indian people, finally refute the statement about the writer’s glorification of the imperialistic policy of Great Britain as the main aim of his creative art.
A prospective observational study of prescription appropriateness of elderly hypertensive patients using Beers criteria in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: H. Supriya K. , S. Shashi Kumar N. , M. Prakash G. , V. Sareetha A.
Published: October 2017

Background: The prevalence of hypertension has been increased among the urban population especially among the elderly. Use of inappropriate medication is one of the major problems seen among elderly age group above 60 years who take more medication when compared to that of younger population. Inappropriate prescriptions can be avoided by identifying safer pharmacological alternatives and also utilizing non-pharmacological therapy. Quality and safety of prescribing in elderly patients is one of the global healthcare concern and efforts should be made to improve appropriateness of medication among this group of population. This study was done to assess the relationship between inappropriate medication use and its health outcomes in elderly hypertensive population.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 3 months, after getting approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. Total of 117 elderly hypertensive patients aged >60 years were analysed for three months duration for the rationality of medication prescribed using Beer’s criteria and the health outcome due to inappropriate medication use.Results: Out of 117 elderly hypertensive patients analysed, 49 (41.9%) were males and 68 (58.1%) were females. Most of the patients had associated co morbid illness like diabetes mellitus (48.7%), respiratory diseases (24.8%), cerebrovascular accident (30.8%), cardiovascular diseases (19.7%), fever (13.7%), anaemia (9.4%), etc. Out of 117 patients <5 drugs were used in 6.8%, 5 -10 drugs were used in 89.7% and >10 drugs were used in 3.4% of cases. Antihypertensive drugs that were commonly used in our study was calcium channel blocker (52.1%), diuretics (42.7%), Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (36.8%), β-blockers (17.1%) and Angiotensin receptor blockers (11.1%). Adverse health effects like drug induced gastritis, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic dysfunction and renal impairment was seen in few patients because of inappropriate medication.Conclusions: Use of inappropriate medication is one of the major problems seen among elderly, because of the co morbid illness associated with the primary disease which leads to polypharmacy. Prescription inappropriateness was seen among 86.3% of elderly hypertensive patients as per Beers criteria which may be because of comorbid illness that was seen among these patients. It is necessary to implement certain policies in geriatric healthcare to prevent the poor outcome due to drug therapy.
Pattern and practice of self medication in students of health professional university in North India
Authors: Singla Shweta , Kaur Mandeep , Mahajan Rajiv
Published: October 2017

Background: To determine the prevalence, pattern and practice of self-medication in health professional students of a University in North India.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 6 months among the students of University. Data was collected through anonymous, self-administered, structured and validated 15 questions based questionnaire. Data was analysed by using descriptive statistical analysis.Results: Out of the 1538 students enrolled, 1350 (88.6%) students of University practiced self medication in the past 6 months. Prevalence of self medication varied among students of different courses (MBBS, BDS, Nursing, Physiotherapy, Pharmacy and paramedical) and different professional years of same course. Self medication practices were comparable between MBBS and BDS students with no significant difference (p=0.293). Fever and headache were the most frequently reported illness for which self medication was taken. Analgesics and antipyretics were the frequently self medicated drugs. Most common reason for seeking self medication was minor illness (41%). Among all the students 6% of them complained of adverse effects with the use of self medication. About 85% students of University reported as treated with self medication.Conclusions: Practice of self-medication is common among the health professional students. In this situation it is important to create awareness and educate the students about pros and cons of self medication through educational programs.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of insulin use and its adverse effects in adult diabetic population
Authors: T. Nivethitha , S. Manickavasagam , M. Paramasivam , G. Sai Thaejasvi
Published: October 2017

Background: Diabetes is a disease when left untreated, leads to many complications. India is emerging as a diabetic capital of the world. Insulin is widely used as a therapeutic option, and hence this study was conducted to assess the awareness of Insulin use and its adverse effects in diabetic population.Methods: The study was a questionnaire survey conducted in adult patients with diabetes who are on Insulin therapy. The participants’ knowledge, attitude and practice were assessed by using a questionnaire consisting of 32 questions. Scores were allotted to each question, and evaluated after applying appropriate statistical tests.Results: The mean age of the participants was 57.26±11.24 years. About 54% were males. 46% belonged to rural areas. The mean knowledge score was 17.53±4.40, mean attitude score 7.42±4.85 and the mean practice score was 6.56±1.91. 40% responded that they will return the expired insulin vials to the pharmacy. The most common reason for non adherence was economical constraints (60%). The females had better knowledge (17.60±4.43 vs. 17.45±4.40, p>0.88), attitude (8.21±3.84 vs. 6.58±5.56, p>0.09) and practice (6.97±1.84 vs. 6.13±1.92, p<0.02) of insulin use than males. Also, the urban population had better knowledge (17.58±3.64 vs. 17.32±4.97, p>0.297), attitude (8.70±3.95 vs. 6.06±5.37, p <0.002) and practice scores (6.92±1.89 vs. 6.38±1.92, p>1.395) than the rural counterparts.Conclusions: There exists a gap between knowledge attitude and practice of insulin use. This can be overcome by conducting awareness programmes by health care providers, to sensitise people about the proper use, side effects and the methods of disposal of insulin vials.
Evaluation of hypoglycemic activity of methanolic extract of Acorus calamus (linn). roots in alloxan induced diabetes rat model
Authors: D. Prashanth , Ahmed Fazeel Zubair
Published: October 2017

Background: To evaluate hypoglycemic activity of methanolic extract of roots of Acorus calamus (AC) in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats and to compare with standard oral hypoglycemic drug glibenclamide.Methods: A total of 54 rats were used for this study. The study was done in two phases. In phase I, oral glucose tolerance test was done in 4 groups at 0, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after administration of AC in 3 different doses – 100, 150 and 200mg/kg to 3 different groups, with control being the fourth group. The dose of AC which caused maximal blood glucose lowering was selected for phase II. In phase II, rats were divided into 5 groups. First 2 groups were non diabetic groups which were given distilled water (DW) and AC respectively. Next 3 groups were alloxan induced diabetic groups which were given DW, AC and Glibencamide 0.5mg/kg po respectively. All drugs were given for 28 days and FBS was measured on 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28th days.Results: In phase I, both AC 150 and 200mg/kg lowered blood glucose but their effect was comparable and thus lower dose - 150mg/kg was selected for phase II. In phase II, among non-diabetic groups, AC 150 mg/kg produced significant hypoglycemia in comparison with control group. Among diabetic groups, both AC 150 mg/kg and glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kg produced significant hypoglycemia in comparison with control group on all days. On days 3 and 7, hypoglycaemic action of AC 150mg/kg was not as much as Glibenclamide (p <0.05), but on days 14, 21 and 28, the hypoglycaemic action of AC 150 mg/kg was comparable to Glibenclamide 0.5mg/kg. (P >0.05).Conclusions: AC 150mg/kg causes hypoglycemia in alloxan induced diabetic rats as well as nondiabetic rats.
To study the prescriptions of the bed-head tickets of inpatients of the selected depts. of JNIMS hospital about the appropriateness of the prescriptions in geriatric patients
Authors: Singh Oinam Joychandra , L. Surbala , R. K. S. Losica
Published: October 2017

Background: Polypharmacy is an increasing problem among the health care providers. This happened during the management of old age people with much comorbidity and weak functioning of the vital organs like heart, lungs and kidneys, etc. Over and above this, self-medication and adverse drug effects of using many drugs are the causes of polypharmacy. Age 65 years or above is considered as Geriatric.Methods: 550 case sheets or Bed head tickets of the inpatients of selected departments were examined for a period of three months. 434 bed head tickets having discharge slips with written prescriptions of 5 or more drugs were re-examined as it fulfilled the criteria of Polypharmacy or inappropriate prescriptions. Demographic data, clinical and drug history were recorded in the prepared data sheet. These data were studied as per guidelines of the tools-Beer’s criteria, STOPP criteria, START criteria, MAI criteria.Results: Accordingly, the reasons for polypharmacy and inappropriate prescriptions were elicited. The common drugs mostly prescribed are antibiotics and NSAIDs preparations. The status of polypharmacy or inappropriate prescription were more in the age group of 65-75 years and also mainly among the male geriatric patients. The maximum number of comorbidity was observed in the age group 65-75 years.Conclusions: As per the criteria of the tools, the number of overprescribing was 70 (19.15%), inappropriate prescription as 17 (4.6%). For prevention and decreasing the incidence of polypharmacy or inappropriate prescriptions, the tools (Beer’s criteria, STOPP criteria, START criteria, MAI criteria) are nowadays put forward to the prescriber as a guideline of good and appropriate prescription. Therefore, the present study can find out the status of prescription i.e. under-prescription, over-prescription, avoid prescription and inappropriate prescription. Hence, the study can draw the attention of the prescribers before and during prescribing drugs to the patients particularly old age patients.
Practices regarding prescription and dispensing of drugs in a tertiary care hospital in rural West Bengal, India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Alapan , Dhar Debdut , Mukherjee Abhijit , Bhattacherjee Sharmistha , Dasgupta Samir
Published: October 2017

Background: Irrational prescription practices are a distressing global problem, especially in the developing countries. A study was conducted to assess the patterns of prescribing and dispensing drugs in a tertiary healthcare centre serving a large rural population in the eastern India.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from July-September 2016 in the general out-patient department and the institution pharmacy of a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal, India. Data were congregated by collection and review of individual prescriptions, measuring the time of interaction between patients and prescribers/dispensers, and conducting patient interviews at exit.Results: Analysis of the collected and tabulated data revealed that after average, 2.5 medicines were prescribed per prescription, with 95.26% being under their generic name. Of the drugs prescribed, 95.79% were from the essential drug list. The average consultation time was 150.0s (SD 62.3s) and average dispensing time was 81.5s (SD 51.2s). Of the drugs prescribed, 86.12% of drugs were actually dispensed from the institution pharmacy but none of the drugs were labeled. The percentage of prescriptions with an antibiotic was 47.83%, while injections were recorded on in 2.83% of the prescriptions. Percentage of patients who had knowledge of the dosage of the drugs prescribed to them was 91.67%.Conclusions: While the study found high percentages of drugs prescribed under generic names high percentage of drugs actually prescribed from the Institution Pharmacy, prescription of drugs from the Essential Drugs List, and a low number of injections per prescription conforming to WHO set standards, it also found a lack of drug labelling, high percentage of prescription of antibiotics to be indicators that do not conform with the WHO set international standards.
Bed side prognostic markers for dengue fever: serum lactate, base excess and central peripheral temperature gradient
Authors: Hassan Najia , Mukhopadhyay Sujaya , Bhattacharjee Prasun , Sinha Rajshree
Published: October 2017

Background: Dengue is a common systemic viral infection, which has achieved epidemic proportion in India. The manifestations are varied, is most often a simple febrile illness, but at times it can be severe with hypovolemic shock resulting from excessive plasma leakage. Dengue shock syndrome is potentially fatal, with mortality ranging from <1% to 10%. The key to a good clinical outcome is understanding and being alert to the clinical problems that arise during the different phases of the disease, leading to a rational approach in case management. Investigations which can help in prognostication if used sequentially can be very effective in management. Serum lactate, base excess and central peripheral temperature gradient are few such markers which can help in identifying at risk patients.Methods: In this study children in the age group of 6 months to 18 years, admitted in School of Medical Sciences and Research with complains of fever and found to be positive for dengue as per Ag/serology study were included. The study was done over a period of one year from August 2015 to August 2016. ABG/VBG for Serum lactate and base excess was done in all patients on confirmation of diagnosis of dengue and on progression of disease. Also, central and peripheral temperatures were measured.Results: A total of 524 patients were enrolled. 77.29% were of dengue fever. 14.50% of dengue hemorrhagic fever and 8.21% were of dengue shock syndrome. Mean central and peripheral temperature difference was found to be higher for patients with DSS than with DHF and DF. High Lactate levels was found to be 100% sensitive and specific for mortality, likewise decreasing base excess was found to be 84.62% sensitive and 90.56% specific for mortality. Cp-T difference had sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96.59%. All three had p-value of 0.01 which is significant.Conclusions: A single ABG/VBG analysis can give values for Serum lactate and base excess both of which are very good indicators of intravascular fluid status and are easily available. Done sequentially, these tests can predict progression of dengue fever. Likewise, temperature gradient is not so expensive tool. Used properly, is very effective monitoring method.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on growth parameters of children with vitamin D deficiency: a community based randomized controlled trial
Authors: R. Mugunthan Sagul , K. Rao Yashwant , Midha Tanu , Bajpai Anurag
Published: October 2017

Background: Vitamin D deficiency remains the most common cause of rickets globally and is highly prevalent in developing countries including India. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of vitamin D and calcium together with calcium alone on growth parameters of children with vitamin D deficiency in community based setting.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in community based setting in Kanpur district. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select a total of 395 children between 2 years to 5 years from 5 villages of block Vidhunu. Of these, 138 children were randomized into two groups using balanced block randomization technique. Group 1 received vitamin D with calcium together and group 2 received calcium alone for a period of 12 months. Anthropometry, serum vitamin D, calcium, alkaline phosphatase levels were estimated at baseline and after 12 months. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Student’s t test was used to analyze the differences in growth and laboratory parameters in the two groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the effect of various factors on the growth parameters.Results: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 78.7%. Baseline characteristics of both groups were similar. After 12 months, group 1 demonstrated significantly greater improvement in weight SD score (21.4%) and height SD score (10.3%) and growth velocity (9.1 cm/year) compared to group 2 (14.3%, 7.8% and 6.9 cm/ year respectively). Also subjects in group 1 showed significantly greater improvement in serum levels of vitamin D, calcium and alkaline phosphatase than group 2.Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation along with calcium improves the growth of children. Regular supplementation of all children with vitamin D can be considered as a policy for prevention of malnutrition.
Factors influencing foetal growth in pregnancy complicated by diabetes
Authors: S. Sathish Kumar , A. Anandhi , Chelliah Luke Ravi , A. R. Karthick
Published: October 2017

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus represents a metabolically altered fetal environment due to an increased maternal supply of carbohydrates. It leads to fetal hyperinsulinemia and stimulates insulin-sensitive tissue, predominantly of the abdomen, resulting in increased fetal growth and delivering large-for-gestational-age newborns. Implications of fetal hyperinsulinemia reach far beyond delivery. Children of mothers with diabetes in pregnancy are predisposed to develop obesity and glucose intolerance through a non-genetic “fuel-mediated” mechanism. The objective of the present study was to study the “fetal growth pattern at different periods of pregnancy complicated by diabetes” and to identify the factors that influence the fetal growth pattern in pregnancy complicated by diabetesMethods: 69 pregnant women with diabetes and 34 pregnant women without diabetes were included in the study by random sampling. Maternal parameters such as age, parity, height, weight at registration, and weight gain during pregnancy, BMI at the time of registration of pregnancy and at the time of delivery, detailed diabetic profile and management including meal plan, insulin administration and dosage were recorded. The fetuses were monitored for Biparietal diameter, abdomen circumference, femur length by 2 ultrasound examinations, one at 18-22 weeks and another at 28-32 weeks were performed. Soon after delivery, sex, gestational age, birth weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference of the newborn were recorded and infants were classified as LGA/SGA/AGA.Results: Maternal age, parity, BMI at the time of delivery and maternal weight gain had significant influence on the birth weight. The abdominal circumference of the fetus detected at 18-20 and 28-32 ultrasound scans had a very significant correlation with neonatal mean birth weight percentile. Conclusions: Not all babies born to diabetic mothers are macrosomic. SGA babies were not uncommon in pregnancies with diabetes especially in those who did not have significant micro vasculopathy. Maternal nutrition plays a significant key role in determining birth weight of babies even in pregnancies complicated by diabetes.
Prevalence of malnutrition among under five children of urban slums of Berhampur, Odisha, India: a community a community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Geetanjali Sethy Srabani , Jena Dhaneswari , Jena Parsuram , Pradhan Srabani , Biswas Tapan
Published: October 2017

Background: Under five children constitute the most vulnerable segment and their nutritional status and mortality rate is a sensitive indicator of the community’s health and nutrition. Prevalence of underweight is 35.7%, wasting is 21% and stunting 38.4% in India and for Odisha, it is 34.4%, 20.4 % and 34.1% respectively. Health indices of slum children are worst among all urban groups and are even poorer than rural average. Severe PEM is often associated with infection contributing to high child mortality in underprivileged communities of slum dwellers. Objectives of present study were to find out prevalence of under nutrition and its severity among the study population and to identify socio-demographic factors associated with malnutrition.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2015 September2016 in urban slum area of Berhampur city. Data were collected from 300 mothers of children aged 6-59 months using pre-tested semi structured questionnaires and measuring weight, height and MUAC of the children. Analysis was done using spss version- 20, Chi-square values and proportions were calculated.Results: 69% of 300 children were having under nutrition in the form of underweight (55.3%), wasting (75%) and stunting (42%). Overlapping of different type of malnutrition was seen. Maximum number of underweight children belongs to age group 37-60 months (52.6%) followed by other two age groups. 21.3% were severely wasted and 20% were severely underweight. Factors found to be significantly associated with prevalence of malnutrition were maternal education, hygienic and feeding practices of mother.Conclusions: Malnutrition is widely prevalent among study population more than the state and national prevalence. With increasing age cumulative increase in prevalence of malnutrition is seen perhaps due to persistence and addition of causative factors. Maternal education, faulty feeding practice and hygienic practice are contributory factor of this high prevalence of disease.
Childhood glaucoma in Down syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Raman Puspha , Subrayan Visvaraja
Published: October 2017

Children with down syndrome have a higher prevalence of glaucoma compared to the age matched normal population. Although the management of childhood glaucoma in a down syndrome child is almost similar to primary congenital glaucoma, the outcomes and prognosis of these children vary due to the associated comorbidities. This case illustrates a classical presentation of a 5-month infant with down syndrome with clinical triad of photophobia, blepharospasm, and epiphora. Prompt recognition of the condition and timely surgical management was vision saving in this child. Extended care for visual rehabilitation was given to this child to maintain the visual outcome.
المعنى الظاهر والمعنى الباطن عند الحسين الذهبي في التفسير والمفسورن
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Farid
Published: October 2017

This is a mini research by using literature review to examine the extent of the thought concept about dzahir and bathin meaning by Husain al Dzahabi and other interpreters and then analyzed by linguistics-semantics. Based on the study, the author concludes that: first, the dialogue of thought about dhahir and bathin meaning has produced various characteristics of Qur'anic interpretation as dynamic and meaningful text. Second, dzahir meaning has a clearer character, and is considered stronger as hujjah, but the bathin meaning can also be accepted scientifically if it is supported by the right dalil or qarinah. Third, both in aqli and naqli, the existence of dzahir and bathin meaning is justified. Fourth, the Qur'anic discourse is the more suitable approach in line with the rules of  Qur’anic understanding and the standard of interpretation in Islam.
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND PLANT REGENERATION FROM AN ELITE TROPICAL MAIZE INBRED LINE
Authors: SOUZA RAFAELI APARECIDA VIEIRA DE , ALVES MEIRE DE CÁSSIA , CARNEIRO NEWTON PORTILHO , BORÉM ALUÍZIO , CARNEIRO ANDRÉA ALMEIDA
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT – The improvement of tropical maize inbred lines by genetic transformation techniques remains a difficult task since not all genotypes are capable of regenerating efficiently in vitro. The objective of this study was to evaluate three different callus induction media, based on N6 or MS salts containing either 2,4-D (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 30.0 mg .L-1) or Dicamba (0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 mg.l-1) in the production of embryogenic callus from immature zygotic embryos of the tropical maize inbred line L3. Callus maturation was tested in MS medium containing 60 g.L-1 sucrose and supplemented with different combinations of BAP (0; 0.1; 0.5; 1.0 mg.L-1), NAA (0; 1.0 mg.L-1) and CuSO4 (0; 1.25 mg.L-1). The L3 inbred line presented higher capacity for Type II callus formation on N6 medium content 10 mg.L-1 2,4-D. For the maturation of callus, absence of plant growth regulators and addition of CuSO4 allowed higher percentage of regeneration. The protocol developed presented 85% production of Type II embryogenic callus and 45% plant regeneration.Keywords: 2,4-D, dicamba, embryogenic callus, Zea mays.EMBRIOGÊNESE SOMÁTICA E REGENERAÇÃO DE PLANTAS A PARTIR DE UMA LINHAGEM DE MILHO TROPICAL ELITERESUMO – O melhoramento de linhagens de milho tropical através de técnicas de transformação genética continua a ser uma tarefa difícil uma vez que nem todos os genótipos são capazes de regenerar eficientemente in vitro. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar três meios diferentes para a indução de calos embriogênicos, baseados em N6 ou MS sais contendo 2,4-D (0; 2,5; 5,0; 10,0; 15,0; 30,0 mg.L-1) ou Dicamba (0; 0,25 ; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 mg.l-1) na produção de calos embriogênicos a partir de embriões zigóticos imaturos da linhagem de milho tropical elite L3. A maturação dos calos foi testada em meio MS com 60 g.L-1 de sacarose suplementado com diferentes combinações de BAP (0; 0,1; 0,5; 1,0 mg.L-1), ANA (0; 1,0 mg.L-1) e CuSO4 (0; 1,25 mg L-1). A linhagem L3 apresentou alta capacidade para produção de calos do Tipo II em meio N6 contendo 10 mg.L-1 de 2,4-D. Para a maturação dos calos, ausência de reguladores de crescimento vegetal e adição de CuSO4 possibilitou maior porcentagem de regeneração. O protocolo desenvolvido apresenta produção de 85% de calos embriogênicos do Tipo II e 45% de regeneração de plantas.Palavras-chave: 2,4-D, dicamba, calos embriogênicos, Zea mays
POTENTIAL RISK OF LOSSES IN MAIZE CAUSED BY Dichelops melacanthus (DALLAS) (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) IN BRAZIL
Authors: CRUZ IVAN , BIANCO RODOLFO , REDOAN ANA CAROLINA MACIEL
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT: The incidence of the green belly stink bug, Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), on maize crop in Brazil has increased with time, especially due to the continuous availability of food throughout theyear. This insect causes injury to seedlings, killing them shortly after their emergence from the soil. If the plant survives,it is possible to see areas with necrotic lesion that increase in a transverse pattern on the sheet, with perforations on the leaves or tillers (side shoots). This pest is currently one of the most important to maize, in conventional and Bt hybrids. The research compared the behavior of theses cultivars infested by the green belly stink bug, D. melacanthus. Bt and conventional maize cultivars were evaluated in a protected environment (greenhouse) and only Bt maize was evaluated at field. Evaluations based on plant development and insect injury occurred after seven days of the infestation period. The results indicated variability among cultivars related to insect infestation, measured by a visual scale for damage determination and plant development. Grain yield obtained from infested plots was 6352.2 kg ha-1 whereas in the noninfested plots was 8048.05 kg ha-1, equivalent to an average reduction of 21.07%.Keywords: Plant damage, grain losses, green belly stink bug. RISCO POTENCIAL DE PERDAS CAUSADAS POR Dichelops melacanthus (DALLAS)(HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) EM MILHO NO BRASIL RESUMO - A incidência do percevejo barriga verde Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) em milho no Brasil tem aumentado nos últimos anos, especialmente devido à disponibilidade de alimento o ano todo. A injuria provocada pelo inseto pode causar a morte da plântula reduzindo o número ideal de plantas na colheita. Se a planta sobrevive, é possível visualizar áreas necrosadas ou perfilhamento. A praga é atualmente uma das mais importantes do milho, tanto em cultivares convencionais como em cultivares Bt. A presente pesquisa comparou o comportamento destas cultivares em ambiente protegido (casa de vegetação) e no campo, avaliando a injuria provocada pela praga, o desenvolvimento da planta e a produtividade de grãos (campo). Os resultados indicaram variabilidade entre cultivares em relação à injuria e ao desenvolvimento da planta. O rendimento de grãos nas parcelas infestadas foi 6352,2 kgha-1 enquanto que nas parcelas sem infestação a produtividade foi 8048,05 kgha-1, o equivalente a uma redução média de 21,07%. Palavras-chave: Danos, perdas em rendimento de grãos, percevejo barriga-verde.
CRESCIMENTO E ACÚMULO DE FITOMASSA EM FUNÇÃO DO MANEJO DE NITROGÊNIO NA CULTURA DO MILHO
Authors: DE QUEIROZ PEDRAZZI AUGUSTO , FERREIRA DA SILVA BINOTTI FLAVIO , COSTA EDILSON , DUARTE CARDOSO ELIANA
Published: October 2017

RESUMO – O nitrogênio é um elemento que propicia efeitos benéficos no crescimento e na produtividade do milho. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o crescimento de plantas e o potencial de produção de fitomassa seca do milho, para fins de silagem, em função de fontes e doses de nitrogênio. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental da UEMS de Cassilândia, MS. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2x5, constituído pela combinação de fontes de nitrogênio (ureia e ureia revestida com aditivos minerais + polímero) e doses de nitrogênio no sulco de semeadura (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% e zero da dose recomendada), com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas avaliações de altura das plantas, altura de inserção da espiga, diâmetro do colmo, índice de colheita, fitomassa fresca e seca total, fitomassa fresca e seca de espigas e fitomassa fresca e seca de colmo mais folhas. O manejo do nitrogênio (doses de N em relação à dose recomendada) teve efeito positivo linear no crescimento do milho para fins de silagem. As fontes e doses de nitrogênio tiveram efeitos distintos sobre potencial de produção de fitomassa seca na cultura, sendo mais recomendado o uso da uréia sem revestimento na dose 160 kg ha-1 de N.Palavras-chave: Zea mays; Ureia; Kimcoat; liberação lenta; polímero.PHYTOMASS IN SILAGE PRODUCTION AS A FUNCTION OF NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN MAIZEABSTRACT – Nitrogen is an element that provides beneficial effects on growth and yield of corn. The objective of this study was to evaluate plant growth and the potential of dry phytomass production of corn for silage purposes, according to sources and levels of nitrogen. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the UEMS Cassilândia - MS. A randomized blocks design was used, in a factorial scheme 2x5, comprising the combination of nitrogen sources (urea and urea coated with mineral additives + polymer) and nitrogen at sowing (100%, 75%, 50%, 25 and zero% of the recommended dose), with four replications. Evaluations were performed of plant height, average height of ear, stem diameter, harvest index, fresh and dry total phytomass, fresh and dry ear phytomass and fresh and dry phytomass of stem plus sheet. The management of nitrogen (N doses over the recommended dose) had a positive effect on linear growth and corn for silage purposes. Sources and nitrogen levels had different effects on productive potential of dry phytomass in corn silage purposes, and the most suitable was the use of uncoated urea at 160 kg ha-1 N.Keywords: Zea mays, urea, Kimcoat, slow release, polymer.
NITROGÊNIO E MOLIBDÊNIO PARA MILHO IRRIGADO EM REGIÃO DE CERRADO DE BAIXA ALTITUDE
Authors: CAIONI SHEILA , LAZARINI EDSON , PARENTE TIAGO DE LISBOA , PIVETTA RAUL SOBRINHO , SOUZA LUIZ GUSTAVO MORETTI DE
Published: October 2017

RESUMO – A maior parte do nitrogênio (N) é absorvida pela cultura do milho na forma de nitrato (NO3 -), que é reduzido na planta pela ação da enzima nitrato redutase, a qual tem o molibdênio (Mo) como um dos principais constituintes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar doses de N em conjunto com Mo na cultura do milho irrigado, cultivado em sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Selvíria, MS. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas com quatro doses de N (0, 90, 135 e 180 kg ha-1) e cinco doses de Mo (0, 10, 20, 30 e 40 g ha-1), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados atributos morfológicos e produtivos da cultura. A maior produtividade de milho foi obtida com 180 kg ha-1 de N e com 25,6 g ha-1 de Mo.Palavras-chave: adubação nitrogenada, micronutriente, plantio direto, Zea mays L.NITROGEN AND MOLYBDENUM FOR IRRIGATED MAIZE IN THE BRAZILIAN SAVANNAH WITH LOW ALTITUDEABSTRACT – Most of nitrogen (N) is absorbed by maize as nitrate (NO3 -), that is reduced in the plant by the action of the nitrate reductase enzyme, which has molybdenum (Mo) as a major component. The objective of this study was to test N rates together with Mo for irrigated corn grown in no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted at the Selviria county, Mato Grosso do Sul State. The design was a randomized complete block with split plots, with four nitrogen rates (0, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1) and five doses of Mo (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 g ha-1), with four replications. Morphological and productive attributes of corn crop were evaluated. The highest yield was obtained with 180 kg ha-1 N and 25.6 g ha-1 Mo.Keywords – nitrogen fertilization, micronutrient, no-tillage, Zea mays L.
MICROSCOPIA DO AMIDO E DIGESTIBILIDADE DE GRÃOS EM HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO SILAGEIROS COM DIFERENTES VITREOSIDADES
Authors: ROSSI EVANDREI SANTOS , FARIA MARCOS VENTURA , MENDES MARCELO CRUZ , POSSATTO OMAR JÚNIOR , FARIA CACILDA , SILVA CARLOS AUGUSTO , VASKOSKI VICTOR LUIZ , ANDRADE JONATAN MARCOS , GAVA EMANUEL
Published: October 2017

RESUMO - O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar em nível microscópico a estruturação dos grânulos de amido nas porções vítrea e farinácea dos grãos e a influência na digestibilidade de grãos de milho com diferentes vitreosidades, colhidos no ponto de ensilagem. Foram avaliados 12 híbridos comerciais de milho, divididos em dois grupos (seis com grãos duros e seis com grãos dentados). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em dois locais no Centro-Sul do Paraná nos municípios de Guarapuava e Laranjeiras do Sul, sendo as plantas colhidas para análise dos grãos no estádio de ¾ da linha do leite, correspondente ao ponto de silagem. Foram avaliadas distribuição e número de grânulos de amido por área de 5200 μm2 na região vítrea e farinácea do endosperma, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e digestibilidade in situ dos grãos. Há maior número de grânulos de amido no endosperma farináceo dos grãos de milho quando comparado ao endosperma vítreo, aumentando assim a superfície especifica dos grânulos, nos híbridos de milho avaliados no ponto de ensilagem. A digestibilidade dos grãos de milho colhidos no ponto de silagem foi superior no grupo de híbridos dentados quando comparado ao grupo de híbridos de endosperma duro.Palavras chaves: Grânulo de amido, matriz proteica, grãos duros e dentados, Zea mays L.MICROSCOPY OF STARCH AND DIGESTIBILITY OF GRAINS OF MAIZE HYBRIDS FOR SILAGE WITH DIFFERENT VITREOUSNESSABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to evaluate by microscopy the starch granules structure in vitreous and floury portions of the grains and the effect on the digestibility of maize hybrid grains with different vitreousness, harvested at the silage point. Twelve commercial corn hybrids were evaluated, divided into two groups (six with hard grains and six with dent grains). The experiments were conducted in two places in Center-South of Paraná State, at the cities of Guarapuava and Laranjeiras do Sul, and the plants were harvested in the stage ¾ of milk line, corresponding to the silage point. Distribution and number of starch granules per area of 5200 μm2 in the vitreous and farinaceous region were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and in situ digestibility of the grains. A greater number of starch granules was observed in the floury endosperm of the corn grains compared to the vitreous endosperm, increasing the specific surface area of the granules in the evaluated hybrids at the silage point. The digestibility of corn grain harvested at the silage point was higher in the group of dent hybrids when compared to the group of hard endosperm hybrids.Keywords: Starch granule, protein matrix, hard grain and dent grain, Zea mays L.
POTENCIAIS HÍDRICOS E TEORES DE ÁGUA NA GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MILHETO
Authors: MASETTO TATHIANA ELISA , VARGAS ELISÂNGELA LEITE , SCALON SILVANA DE PAULA QUINTÃO
Published: October 2017

RESUMO – O processo germinativo se inicia com a absorção de água pelas sementes e é influenciado pela disponibilidade hídrica e pelo teor de água das sementes. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes potenciais hídricos e de teores de água das sementes na germinação e crescimento de plântulas de milheto. Foram utilizadas sementes com teores de água de 14,1%; 16,1%; 20,8% e 21,9% posicionadas em caixas plásticas do tipo “gerbox” sobre duas folhas de papel toalha para germinação previamente umedecidas com 10 mL de soluções de polietilenoglicol (PEG 6000) nos potenciais hídricos de 0,0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,3; -0,4 e -0,6 MPa. As sementes foram mantidas em câmara de germinação a 25 °C sob luz branca constante. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 5, utilizando-se quatro repetições de 50 sementes cada. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto à primeira contagem, germinação, comprimento da raiz, comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento total, massa fresca e seca de plântulas. A redução dos potenciais hídricos associada aos teores de água das sementes afeta negativamente a germinação e o crescimento das plântulas de milheto, principalmente em sementes com o teor de água de 14,1%. As sementes com os teores de água acima de 16,1% são menos suscetíveis à redução das disponibilidades hídricas do substrato a partir do potencial de -0,1 MPa.Palavras-chave: Pennisetum glaucum, polietilenoglicol, teor de água de sementes.WATER POTENTIAL AND MOISTURE CONTENT ON SEED GERMINATION AND INITIAL GROWTH OF PEARL MILLETABSTRACT – The germination process starts with water absorption by seeds and is influenced by the water availability and seeds moisture content. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of different substrate water potentials and the water contents of the seeds on seed germination of pearl millet. The treatments comprised pearl millet seeds with 14.1%, 16.1%, 20.8% and 21.9% moisture content and submitted to the water availability in the substrate of 0.0 (control); -0.1; -0.2; -0.3; -0.4 and -0.6 MPa. Seeds were sowed in two germination papers and positioned inside plastic boxes of the “gerbox” type and maintained at 25ºC. A completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 4 x 5 was used, with four replications of 50 seeds per treatment. The seeds were evaluated through the first counting, germination percentage, aerial part, root length, total length and fresh and dry mass of seedlings. The reduction of the water potentials associated to the seed water contents affected negatively the seeds germination and seedlings growth of pearl millet, especially in seeds with 14.1% water content. The seeds with water content above 16.1% were less sensitive to the decrease in the water availability of the substrate from -0.1 MPa.Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum, polyethylene glycol, seeds water content.