bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamental solutions of the general fractional‐order diffusion equations
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Jun , Gao Feng , Ju Yang , Zhou Hong‐Wei
Published: November 2018

In this article, the general fractional‐order diffusion equations within the negative Prabhakar kernel are considered for the first time. With the aid of the Laplace transform, the series solutions for the problems with the general Mittag‐Leffler functions are discussed in detail. The obtained results are efficient in the description of the anomalous behaviors of the diffusive process.
Hardware implementation of optical switching node for data center networks
Authors: Mishra Shivam , Yadav Vikas , Hemanth C. , Sangeetha R. G.
Published: November 2018

In high performance data center networks, switching the data from source node to destination node needs a proper signal processing to decode the address bits and switch the data and to avoid contention. In this article, we propose the hardware design for switching the data from one node to other bi‐directionally. The design is verified in an experimental test bed.
Technical Note: Time‐gating to medical linear accelerator pulses: Stray radiation detector
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Ramish , Bruza Petr , Krishnaswamy Venkat , Gladstone David J. , Pogue Brian W.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

CCD cameras are employed to image scintillation and Cherenkov radiation in external beam radiotherapy. This is achieved by gating the camera to the linear accelerator (Linac) output. A direct output signal line from the linac is not always accessible and even in cases where such a signal is accessible, a physical wire connected to the output port can potentially alter Linac performance through electrical feedback. A scintillating detector for stray radiation inside the Linac room was developed to remotely time‐gate to linac pulses for camera‐based dosimetry.

Methods

A scintillator coupled silicon photomultiplier detector was optimized and systematically tested for location sensitivity and for use with both x rays and electron beams, at different energies and field sizes. Cherenkov radiation emitted due to static photon beams was captured using the remote trigger and compared to the images captured using a wired trigger. The issue of false‐positive event detection, due to additional neutron activated products with high energy beams, was addressed.

Results

The designed circuit provided voltage >2.5 V even for distances up to 3 m from the isocenter with a 6 MV, 5 × 5 cm beam, using a Ø3 × 20 mm3 Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystal. With a larger scintillator size, the detector could be placed even beyond 3 m distance. False‐positive triggering was reduced by a coincidence detection scheme. Negligible fluctuations were observed in time‐gated imaging of Cherenkov intensity emitted from a water phantom, when comparing directly connected vs this remote triggering approach.

Conclusion

The remote detector provides untethered synchronization to linac pulses. It is especially useful for remote Cherenkov imaging or remote scintillator dosimetry imaging during radiotherapeutic procedures when a direct line signal is not accessible.
A branch‐and‐price algorithm for the rainbow cycle cover problems
Authors: Yüceoğlu Birol , Şahin Güvenç
Published: November 2018

A rainbow cycle in an undirected edge‐colored graph is a cycle in which all edges have different colors. A rainbow cycle cover of a graph is a set of disjoint rainbow cycles, where each vertex belongs to exactly one cycle. The objective of the rainbow cycle cover problem is to minimize the number of rainbow cycles used to cover the vertices of the graph while the trivial cycle version also keeps the number of isolated vertices (called trivial rainbow cycles) at minimum. We present a branch‐and‐price procedure with column generation to solve both versions of the rainbow cycle cover problem. We compare our results with the literature in terms of computational performance. We also discuss two approaches to possibly improve the performance of the branch‐and‐price procedure.
Marked thrombocytopenia in a neonate is associated with anti‐HPA‐5b, anti‐HLA‐A31, and anti‐HLA‐B55 antibodies
Authors: Okubo Mitsuo , Nishida Eriko , Watanabe Akiko , Nishizaki Naoto , Obinata Kaoru , Azuma Fumihiro , Matsuhashi Mika , Watanabe‐Okochi Naoko , Tsuno Nelson Hirokazu , Miyake Kazunori , Yamaguchi Minoru , Yoshida Koyo , Ohsaka Akimichi
Published: November 2018

Maternal antibodies against human platelet antigen (HPA) and/or human leukocyte antigen (HLA) cause fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) in 0.09‐0.15% of live births. Severe cases account for 5‐31% and the frequency of multiple kinds of alloantibodies is 6.9‐9% of FNAIT. We present a case of severe FNAIT associated with anti‐HPA‐5b, anti‐HLA‐A31, and anti‐HLA‐B55 antibodies, successfully treated with immunoglobulin and platelet transfusion. The anti‐HLA‐B55 antibody was detected in the newborn's serum, but disappeared on the 20th day, which was followed by an increase of the platelet count. These findings suggested the potential involvement of an anti‐HLA antibody in the pathogenesis of FNAIT.
Efficient preparation of polymer nanofibers by needle roller electrospinning with low threshold voltage
Authors: Zhang Yanping , Zhang Liyan , Cheng Lisheng , Qin Yongxin , Li Yi , Yang Weimin , Li Haoyi
Published: November 2018

A novel electrospinning system with needle roller as spinneret for efficient preparation of nanofibers was proposed. The results of finite element simulation indicate that the electric field is more concentrated at the tip of needle piece compared with that for disc and coil spinnerets, which can effectively reduce the threshold voltage of electrospinning. Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as model polymer, the effects of spacing between needle pieces and concentration of spinning solution on fiber diameter and productivity of nanofibers were investigated. The results indicate that the average diameter decreases and the uniformity of diameter increases when increasing the spacing between needle pieces. When the spacing between the needle pieces is 14 mm, the average and standard deviation (SD) of fiber diameter is as small as 190 and 72 nm, respectively. The productivity of nanofibers slightly increases with the concentration of spinning solution, and it is as high as 12.8 g/h when the PVA concentration was 11 wt% for a needle piece spacing of 10 mm, which is much higher than the productivities of reported electrospinning systems. The proposed system has the potential for the preparation of uniform nanofibers with increased throughput and reduced cost. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:745–751, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Primary recycling of anhydride‐cured engineering epoxy using alcohol solvent
Authors: Shi Xiaojuan , Luo Chaoqian , Lu Haibao , Yu Kai
Published: November 2018

Recycling of engineering thermosets is extremely difficult for conventional techniques due to their crosslinked networks. In this study, we demonstrated a new recycling approach for anhydride‐cured engineering epoxy. After soaking the epoxy networks in alcohol solvent mixed with transesterification catalyst, both solvent and catalyst molecules diffused inside, broke the ester bonds on the chain backbone through bond exchange reactions, and eventually decomposed the networks. The ester covalent bonds would be reformed as evaporating the solvent, and the dissolved polymer solution was re‐polymerized into near‐identical networks. When compared with existing recycling approaches, the proposed one is advantageous for its low cost, zero pollution, low temperature (160°C), and ambient pressure during operation. Epoxy networks with different amount of anhydride cross‐linkers were synthesized, and the influences of solvent choice, network stoichiometry, and crosslinking density on the recycling rate were studied. Specifically, the dissolution rate of epoxy samples was evaluated by their weight loss in two types of alcohol solvents, and the re‐polymerization rate was evaluated by the increment of solution viscosity and network modulus. Thermomechanical properties of recycled epoxy were compared with those of native samples. Finally, the dissolution and re‐polymerization cycles were performed for multiple times to investigate the repeatability. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E111–E119, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Helicobacter pylori Growth Stage Determines the Size, Protein Composition, and Preferential Cargo Packaging of Outer Membrane Vesicles
Authors: Zavan Lauren , Bitto Natalie J , Johnston Ella L. , Greening David W. , Kaparakis‐Liaskos Maria
Published: November 2018

Gram‐negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as part of their normal growth that contain a range of cargo from their parent bacterium, including DNA, RNA, and proteins. The protein content of OMVs is suggested to be similar in composition to various sub‐cellular locations of their parent bacterium. However, very little is known regarding the effect of bacterial growth stage on the size, content, and selective packaging of proteins into OMVs. In this study, the global proteome of Helicobacter pylori and their OMVs throughout bacterial growth are examined to determine if bacterial growth stage affected OMV cargo composition. Analysis of OMVs produced by H. pylori reveals that bacterial growth stage affects the size, composition, and selection of protein cargo into OMVs. Proteomic analysis identifies that the proteome of H. pylori OMVs is vastly different throughout bacterial growth and that OMVs contain a range of proteins compared to their parent bacteria. In addition, bacterial growth stage affects the ability of OMVs to induce the production of IL‐8 by human epithelial cells. Therefore, the findings identify that the size, proteome, and immunogenicity of OMVs produced during various stages of bacterial growth is not comparable. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of considering the bacterial growth stage from which OMVs are isolated, as this will impact their size, protein composition, and ultimately their biological functions.
Application of psychological theories on the role of gender in caregiving to psycho‐oncology research
Authors: Kim Youngmee , Mitchell Hannah‐Rose , Ting Amanda
Published: November 2018

Background

Cancer affects both men and women, yet systematic understanding of the role of gender in caregiving and dyadic caregiver‐patient interactions is lacking. Thus, it may be useful to review how gender theories apply to cancer caregiving and to evaluate the adequacy of current cancer caregiving studies to the gender theories.

Methods

Several databases, including MEDLINE (Ovid), PsychINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL, were used for searching articles published in English between 2000 and 2016. The search was restricted by age (≥18) and yielded 602 articles, which were subject to further screen and review based on selection criteria. Of 108 full texts reviewed to determine inclusion eligibility for this review, 55 met the criteria and included for review.

Results

The reviewed studies supported the “gender role” and “doing gender” perspectives for caregiver selection. The role identity, role strain, and transactional stress theories were supported for predicting caregiving outcomes at the individual level. Furthermore, attachment, self‐determination, and interdependence theories incorporated caregiver factors that predicted the patients' outcomes, and vice versa.

Conclusion

Despite limited gender theory‐driven research in cancer caregiving and psycho‐oncology in general, the utility of gender theories in (a) identifying subgroups of caregiver‐patient dyads who are vulnerable to the adverse effects of cancer in the family and (b) developing evidence‐based interventions is promising. Integrating broader issues of medical trajectory, lifespan, sociocultural, and biological factors in gender‐oriented research and practice in psycho‐oncology is encouraged.
β‐TrCP upregulates HIF‐1 in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Cohen Maya , Amir Sharon , Golan Maya , Ben‐Neriah Yinon , Mabjeesh Nicola J.
Published: November 2018

The substantial availability of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) for pathophysiological states, such as malignancies and ischemia, is primarily regulated post‐translationally through the ubiquitin proteolytic system. The balance between degradation and stabilization of HIF‐1α protein is determined by specific E3 ligases. In our search for new E3 ligases that might affect HIF‐1α protein expression, we studied the effects of beta‐transducin repeat‐containing protein (β‐TrCP) on the hypoxic pathway in cancer cells. β‐TrCP is overexpressed in many tumors and regulates various cellular processes through mediating the degradation of important targets. Unexpectedly, we found that β‐TrCP overexpression increases HIF‐1α protein expression level as well as HIF‐1 transcriptional activity by stabilizing HIF‐1α protein and preventing its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in prostate cancer cells. By using a proteomic approach, we succeeded in demonstrating that β‐TrCP interferes with the association between HIF‐1α and HSP70/CHIP, a HIF‐1α established E3 ligase complex. Whereas the E3 ligase activity of β‐TrCP is well known, antagonizing another E3 ligase is a new mechanism of action of this important E3. We suggest that destroying or suppressing β‐TrCP and thereby interrupting the HIF‐1 pathway, could be valuable antitumor therapy.
Characterization of sulfoxaflor resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
Authors: Liao Xun , Jin Ruoheng , Zhang Xiaolei , Ali Ehsan , Mao Kaikai , Xu Pengfei , Li Jianhong , Wan Hu
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Sulfoxaflor is a new insecticide for controlling Nilaparvata lugens in the field. This study was conducted to investigate the risk of resistance development, the cross‐resistance spectrum and the mechanisms of sulfoxaflor resistance in N. lugens.

RESULTS

A sulfoxaflor‐resistant strain was obtained from a field population by successive selection with sulfoxaflor for 39 generations in the laboratory. Sulfoxaflor‐resistant populations showed significant levels of cross‐resistance to dinotefuran, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid and cycloxaprid. However, they exhibited only minor or no cross‐resistance to isoprocarb, etofenprox, chlorpyrifos, triflumezopyrim and buprofezin. Sulfoxaflor was synergized by the inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) in the sulfoxaflor‐resistant strain (SFX‐SEL) with 2.69‐fold relative synergistic ratios compared with the unselected strain (UNSEL). Compared with UNSEL, the P450 enzyme activity of SFX‐SEL was increased 3.50 times, and eight P450 genes were upregulated more than 2.0‐fold in SFX‐SEL. RNAi reduced the expression of CYP6ER1 (36.87‐fold change) and significantly enhanced the susceptibility of SFX‐SEL to sulfoxaflor.

CONCLUSION

Resistance development and cross‐resistance risk of sulfoxaflor‐resistance in N. lugens is evident. The enhanced detoxification of P450 enzymes caused by upregulation of several P450 genes is considered to be the metabolic resistance mechanism. These results suggest that CYP6ER1 might play an important role in sulfoxaflor resistance in N. lugens. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Adaptive state observers for sensorless control of switched reluctance motors
Authors: Ortega R. , Sarr A. , Bobtsov A. , Bahri I. , Diallo D.
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we address the problem of state observation for sensorless control of switched reluctance motors (SRMs), that is, the regulation of the motor measuring only the voltage and the current of the electrical supply. Instrumental for the construction of the observer is the derivation of algebraic relations, which define regression models, between the unknown rotor flux and the measured quantities. With the knowledge of the flux, it is shown that the mechanical coordinates can be estimated with suitably tailored adaptive nonlinear observers. Replacing the observed states, in a certainty equivalent manner, with a full information stabilizing law completes the sensorless controller design. In contrast with other motors, there is no universally accepted mathematical model to describe the dynamics of SRMs. To widen our target audience, we present the results for four different mathematical models reported in the literature. Simulation results with a precise (finite element) model of the SRM are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed observer and sensorless control.
Adaptive reliable guaranteed performance control of uncertain nonlinear systems by using exponent‐dependent barrier Lyapunov function
Authors: Xi Changjiang , Dong Jiuxiang
Published: November 2018

This paper investigates the issue of adaptive reliable tracking control for a class of uncertain nonlinear parametric strict‐feedback systems under actuator faults. To guarantee better transient performance of adaptive systems especially when actuator faults occur, a novel prescribed performance bounds (PPBs) method based on exponent‐dependent barrier Lyapunov function is developed. Differing from the existing results where the control schemes have introduced the strictly monotone smooth function to achieve constrained error transformation, the proposed PPBs scheme is designed by using the time‐varying barriers to constrain the error trajectories, which accurately characterizes the convergence rates and convergence bounds of errors. Finally, under the framework of backstepping technique and Lyapunov stability theorem, an adaptive reliable controller is designed to ensure that all the closed‐loop signals are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded with the tracking errors converging to the specified PPBs. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
CuAl Hydrotalcite Formed CuAl‐Mixed Metal Oxides for Photocatalytic Removal of Rhodamine B and Cr(VI)
Authors: Mao Na , Jiao Yi
Published: November 2018

Mixed metal oxides (MMOs) are important semiconductor photocatalysts for water treatment, such as removal of organic dyes and metal ions. In this paper, CuAl hydrotalcite‐like compounds (CuAl‐HTLcs) were synthesized by the coprecipitation method using Al(NO3)3⋅9H2O and Cu (NO3)2⋅3H2O as raw materials. Cu2O/Cu2Al2O4mixed metal oxides (MMO) were prepared by calcining CuAl‐HTLcs at 900 °C. The obtained composites were characterized by various methods, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), among others. Their photocatalytic activities towards removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Cr(VI) were evaluated by spectrophotometry, XRD revealed that CuAl‐MMO composites were composed of high crystallinity Cu2O and Cu2Al2O4 grains. DRS showed the strong ultraviolet absorption ability of the composites. The electrochemical testing demonstrated CuAl‐MMO composites with good photocatalytic activities towards the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Cr(VI) under ultraviolet light, with reaction rate constants determined as 0.41 h−1 and 0.49 h−1, respectively. The relevant photocatalytic activities of CuAl‐MMO composites were attributed to the synergy between the two components. Overall, these data look promising for future use of CuAl‐MMO as an important photocatalyst for water remediation.
A survey on online kernel selection for online kernel learning
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Liao Yun , Liao Shizhong
Published: November 2018

Online kernel selection is fundamental to online kernel learning. In contrast to offline kernel selection, online kernel selection intermixes kernel selection and training at each round of online kernel learning, and requires a sublinear regret bound and low computational complexity. In this paper, we first compare the difference between offline kernel selection and online kernel selection, then survey existing online kernel selection approaches from the perspectives of formulation, algorithm, candidate kernels, computational complexities and regret guarantees, and finally point out some future research directions in online kernel selection.

This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Machine Learning

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data Mining
A new methodology for the determination of silicon in plants by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Gazulla Maria Fernanda , Orduña Mónica , Rodrigo Marta , Ventura Maria Jesús
Published: November 2018

Silicon is an important element for plants at their structure and physiology and plays an important role in bone mineralization and soft tissue development in human beings. Furthermore, its determination is being requested more frequently due to nutritional requirements. However, the methods found in the literature to determine silicon in this type of samples require a sample preparation step, which makes them time‐consuming and provides high uncertainties.

In this paper, a method for the determination of silicon in plants by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WD‐XRF) spectrometry has been developed. Horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) and nettle leaf (Urtica dioica) have been used as a source of silicon due to its medical use. Sample preparation involved calcining the sample at 700°C and preparing fused beads from the calcined sample. Calibration standards for WD‐XRF measurement were prepared by mixing certified reference materials and chemical products to reproduce the samples matrix. The linear range for silicon concentration ranges from 6 to 55 wt% SiO2. The validation of the method was performed measuring a reference material (NCS DC73349 Bush branches and leaves) and comparing the results obtained by WD‐XRF with those obtained by an independent method by atomic absorption spectrometry.

The developed methodology is rapid and accurate, provides low uncertainties, and is environmentally friendly, as it does require the use of less hazardous reagents.
Gyroscopic stabilization of a class of circulatory systems
Authors: Pommer Christian , Kliem Wolfhard
Published: November 2018

A few examples in the literature show that unstable circulatory systems can be stabilized by gyroscopic forces. But to our knowledge no general theory has been presented. In our paper we will generate a class of unstable circulatory systems which can be stabilized gyroscopically. For circulatory systems the stability will always be marginal. Therefore we can use a theorem on marginally stable systems which the authors have developed in an earlier paper. Examples will demonstrate the synthesis of the relevant circulatory systems and the stabilizing procedure.
Introduction
Authors: Romano Gabriella
Published: November 2018

This chapter introduces the case of G., a man interned in Collegno (near Turin) in 1928 because of his “homosexual tendencies”. It illustrates the research methodology and then succinctly talks about the legal issues connected with research on sexuality in Italy, in terms of legislation on data protection and privacy legislation. It also gives an explanation of why the subject of the persecution of homosexuality during Mussolini’s dictatorship has not been investigated until very recent times, highlighting the problematic aspects of memory of Fascism and of the Shoah in Italy.
To close or not to close? A systematic review and meta-analysis of wound closure in appendicectomy
Authors: Hureibi Khalid , Abraham Pradip , Al-Sunidar Osama , Alaraimi Badriya , Elzaidi Elgeilani
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Background/objective:

Published studies have shown conflicting results regarding the rate of wound infection between primary and delayed closures in open appendicectomy. This meta-analysis was performed with the aim to summarize all available evidence.

Methods:

A literature search was carried out using Medline, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases from inception to January 2018. Randomized controlled studies that compared primary closure (PC) to delayed closure (DC) in appendicectomy were included. Pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated using Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects model when there was no heterogeneity identified.

Results:

Of the 471 retrieved studies, eight met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. These trials included 1,263 patients, of whom 623 patients underwent delayed closure and 640 primary closure. Surgical Site Infections SSI rates were not significantly different between the DC and PC groups (16.25% & 12.68% respectively. OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.23-1.54. There was a high heterogeneity among the analyzed studies (I2=82%).

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis found no benefit in performing delayed primary closure over primary closure in open appendicectomy.

Highlights:
PlayBionic: Game‐Based Interventions to Encourage Patient Engagement and Performance in Prosthetic Motor Rehabilitation
Authors: Prahm Cosima , Kayali Fares , Sturma Agnes , Aszmann Oskar
Published: November 2018

Background

Prosthetic motor rehabilitation usually relies on the highly repetitive training of movements. Patients might drop out of training because the rehabilitation process is long and often discouraging. Game‐based interventions provide a potentially useful alternative to standard myoelectric (electromyographic [EMG]) training and can increase engagement with training.

Objective

To assess the short‐term impact of a game‐based rehabilitation protocol on parameters for EMG control, evaluate how game‐based interventions affect patient motivation, performance, and effort, and compare the game‐based intervention with a standard tool in rehabilitation (MyoBoy).

Design

This randomized controlled trial included 2 patient groups and 1 control group. After establishing a baseline, the 2 patient groups received different interventions that were compared with each other and with the able‐bodied control group.

Setting

University hospital‐based study.

Participants

Fourteen patients with traumatic transradial or transhumeral upper extremity amputation and 10 able‐bodied participants.

Methods

For the game‐based intervention, EMG proficiency was assessed before and after playing the games and 2 days later as follow‐up to measure retention rate. EMG proficiency was measured using maximum voluntary contraction, proportional precision control, signal separation, and muscle endurance. Questionnaires for rating the game‐based intervention and intrinsic motivation were provided after the intervention.

Outcomes

Outcome measures for EMG proficiency were provisional maximum voluntary muscle contraction, precise proportional control, electrode separation, and muscle endurance. Quantitative outcome measures for participant experience were intrinsic motivation, enjoyment, pressure, exerted effort, and usefulness of the intervention. The qualitative outcome measure was the surveyed attitude toward the game‐based intervention.

Results

Results showed an overall improvement in EMG control, fine muscle activation, and electrode separation. Patients stated that racing games provided slightly more fun, but rhythm‐based games were considered to provide better challenges for EMG control.

Conclusion

Game‐based interventions provide a useful addition to standard EMG training and can achieve better results in clinical outcome measures. The racing and music game genres provide solid starting points for interventions. Further studies can look at a wider range of genres and identify more specific game mechanics suitable for training.

Level of Evidence

I
A weak convergence approach to inventory control using a long-term average criterion
Authors: Helmes K. L. , Stockbridge R. H. , Zhu C.
Published: November 2018

In this paper we continue the examination of inventory control in which the inventory is modeled by a diffusion process and a long-term average cost criterion is used to make decisions. The class of such models under consideration has general drift and diffusion coefficients, and boundary points that are consistent with the notion that demand should tend to reduce the inventory level. The conditions on the cost functions are greatly relaxed from those in Helmes et al. (2017). Characterization of the cost of a general (s, S) policy as a function of two variables naturally leads to a nonlinear optimization problem over the ordering levels s and S. Existence of an optimizing pair (s*, S*) is established for these models under very weak conditions; nonexistence of an optimizing pair is also discussed. Using average expected occupation and ordering measures and weak convergence arguments, weak conditions are given for the optimality of the (s*, S*) ordering policy in the general class of admissible policies. The analysis involves an auxiliary function that is globally C2 and which, together with the infimal cost, solves a particular system of linear equations and inequalities related to but different from the long-term average Hamilton‒Jacobi‒Bellman equation. This approach provides an analytical solution to the problem rather than a solution involving intricate analysis of the stochastic processes. The range of applicability of these results is illustrated on a drifted Brownian motion inventory model, both unconstrained and reflected, and on a geometric Brownian motion inventory model under two different cost structures.
Renewal theorems for processes with dependent interarrival times
Authors: Kombrink Sabrina
Published: November 2018

In this paper we develop renewal theorems for point processes with interarrival times ξ(Xn+1Xn…), where (Xn)n∈ℤ is a stochastic process with finite state space Σ and ξ:ΣA→ℝ is a Hölder continuous function on a subset ΣA⊂Σℕ. The theorems developed here unify and generalise the key renewal theorem for discrete measures and Lalley's renewal theorem for counting measures in symbolic dynamics. Moreover, they capture aspects of Markov renewal theory. The new renewal theorems allow for direct applications to problems in fractal and hyperbolic geometry, for instance to the problem of Minkowski measurability of self-conformal sets.
Regulatory interfaces surrounding the growing field of additive manufacturing of medical devices and biologic products
Authors: Adamo Joan E. , Grayson Warren L. , Hatcher Heather , Brown Jennifer Swanton , Thomas Andrika , Hollister Scott , Steele Scott J.
Published: November 2018

Rapidly advancing technology often pulls the regulatory field along as it evolves to incorporate new concepts, better tools, and more finely honed equipment. When the area impacted by the technological advancement is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a gap develops between the technology and the guidelines that govern its application. Subsequently, there are challenges in determining appropriate regulatory pathways for evolving products at the initial research and developmental stages. Myriad factors necessitate several rounds of iterative review and the involvement of multiple divisions within the FDA. To better understand the regulatory science issues roiling around the area of additive manufacturing of medical products, a group of experts, led by a Clinical and Translational Science Award working group, convened the Regulatory Science to Advance Precision Medicine at the Fall Forum to discuss some of the current regulatory science roadblocks.
Praying in the Breach: Worshiping through the End of Metaphysics
Authors: Witherington T. Derrick
Published: November 2018

In recent years, discussion has raged within theologies inspired by Continental philosophy of religion regarding the supposed “overcoming” of ontotheology. In this article, I will consider the theological methodology of Louis-Marie Chauvet, a sacramental theologian whose work has been highly influenced by these discussions. For Chauvet, it is the liturgy that provides human beings with the necessary means, not for overcoming ontotheology, but for learning to livewithit in a healthy way. Through the liturgy, we learn towork throughontotheology, and thus to hear the call of Being to appropriation and thankful response. This is, however, quite a bit to ask of our liturgies, and I suggest that the only way that Chauvet's method can function is if it is placed in a framework of dialogue. I adopt this framework from Chauvet and expand upon it, which results in an innovativerelectureof Chauvet's theology.
II. Serious Spiritual Need?
Authors: Brunk Timothy
Published: November 2018

As Freeman points out, the 1993 Directory for the Application of Principles and Norms on Ecumenism generally repeats the criteria from 1972 but drops the reference to “serious spiritual need,” raising the bar to “danger of death” in paragraph 130. I would add here that the 1993 Directory also says nothing about lacking recourse to the sacrament in one's own tradition for a prolonged period of time. The 1993 text states only that the person in question be “unable to have recourse for the sacrament desired to a minister of his or her own Church or ecclesial Community.”
VI. Discerning the Questions
Authors: Hatch Derek
Published: November 2018

I want to begin by expressing my appreciation to Curtis Freeman for his comments. I have been reflecting on this topic since it was first mentioned as a possibility. What Freeman has offered serves us well as a beginning to this very important conversation. Hopefully, I can add to that beginning.
A Re-Examination of New Testament Papyrus P99 (Vetus Latina AN glo Paul)
Authors: Dickey Eleanor
Published: November 2018

A bilingual Greek–Latin glossary in the papyrus Chester Beatty AC 1499 (= New Testament P99, Vetus Latina AN glo Paul) contains numerous short extracts from the letters of Paul. New photographs and re-examination of the original have allowed substantial corrections to previous editions of the text, causing some rare or unique variant readings to disappear and others to appear for the first time. The history of the glossary can now be better understood: it was probably created not directly from a text of Paul, but from an early Christian work, now lost, that quoted extensively from Paul.
Suicide attempts in eating disorder subtypes: a meta-analysis of the literature employing DSM-IV, DSM-5, or ICD-10 diagnostic criteria
Authors: Mandelli Laura , Arminio Angelo , Atti Anna-Rita , De Ronchi Diana
Published: November 2018

Background

Quantification of suicidal risk in specific populations is important for the adoption of targeted prevention and harm reduction measures. Though there remains little systematic evidence, risk of suicide attempts for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-purging anorexia nervosa (AN-bp) appears higher than restrictive AN (AN-r); risk in binge eating disorder (BED) is still unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare proportions of suicide attempts in eating disorder (ED) subgroups.

Methods

A literature search using combinations of key-words for ED and suicide attempts was performed. Studies reporting proportions of suicide attempters in at least two ED groups, diagnosed according to DSM-IV or -5 and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria were considered. ED subgroups were analyzed in pairs using a binary random effect model for proportions. Publication bias, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

In BN, attempted suicide was more frequent (21%) than in AN (12.5%), but the difference was statistically significant only when BN was compared with AN-r (9–10%). In BED, the proportion of suicide attempts was as high as in AN (10–12%).

Conclusions

Though limited by heterogeneity across the studies in terms of methodology and aims, inability to control for relevant confounding variables, exclusion of ED not otherwise specified, this study supports suicide attempts as a major issue in EDs, especially in binge-purging subtypes, i.e. BN and AN-bp. Similar suicidal proportions were observed in AN and BED. The reasons for a greater proportion of attempted suicide in binge/purging subtypes need to be explored in future studies.
A Systematic Design Selection Methodology for System-Optimal Compliant Actuation
Authors: Kamadan Abdullah , Kiziltas Gullu , Patoglu Volkan
Published: November 2018

This work presents a systematic design selection methodology that utilizes a co-design strategy for system-level optimization of compliantly actuated robots that are known for their advantages over robotic systems driven by rigid actuators. The introduced methodology facilitates a decision-making strategy that is instrumental in making selections among system-optimal robot designs actuated by various degrees of variable or fixed compliance. While the simultaneous co-design method that is utilized throughout guarantees systems performing at their full potential, a homotopy technique is used to maintain integrity via generation of a continuum of robot designs actuated with varying degrees of variable and fixed compliance. Fairness of the selection methodology is ensured via utilization of common underlying (variable) compliant actuation principle and dynamical task requirements throughout the generated system designs. The direct consequence of the developed methodology is that it allows robot designers make informed selections among a variety of systems which are guaranteed to perform at their best. Applicability of the introduced methodology has been validated using a case study for system-optimal design of an active knee prosthesis that is driven by a mechanically adjustable compliance and controllable equilibrium position actuator (MACCEPA) under a periodic/real-life dynamical task.
Women, law and legal intervention in early modern Portugal
Authors: Abreu-Ferreira Darlene
Published: November 2018

Early modern Portuguese women had the legal right to engage in a number of official transactions, including granting and receiving sureties and powers of attorney. This was not the case for women in many other parts of western Europe, making the Portuguese example worthy of scrutiny for comparative purposes. This article looks at the unique position of women in early modern Portugal, and shows that upon close examination of the archival sources, the evidence points to a significant gap between women's legal rights and the cultural limitations that were imposed on women.
At-sea distribution and habitat of breeding Japanese Murrelets Synthliboramphus wumizusume: implications for conservation management
Authors: MILLER MARK G. R. , YAMAMOTO YUTAKA , SATO MAYUMI , LASCELLES BEN , NAKAMURA YUTAKA , SATO HITOSHI , ANDO YASUHIRO , EZAKI ITSURO , TAYLOR PHIL , MORI SHIGEAKI , HAYAMA SEIJI , KOBAYASHI YUTAKA
Published: November 2018

The Japanese Murrelet Synthliboramphus wumizusume is a rare, globally ‘Vulnerable’ seabird, endemic to Japan and South Korea. However, little is known of its at-sea distribution, habitat or threats. We conducted several years of at-sea surveys around Japan to model Japanese Murrelet density in relation to habitat parameters, and make spatial predictions to assess the adequacy of the current Japanese marine Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) network for the species. During a five-year period, 3,485 km of at-sea surveys recorded 3,161 Japanese Murrelets around four breeding locations. Maximum murrelet group size was 90 individuals with a mean group size of 2.9 ± 4.2 individuals. Models of Japanese Murrelet at-sea density around the two largest breeding locations predicted that almost all murrelets occur within 30 km of the breeding colony and most within 10 km. Murrelets were predicted closer to the colony in May than in April and closer to the colony at a neritic colony than at an offshore island colony. Additionally, murrelets breeding on an offshore island colony also commuted to mainland neritic habitat for foraging. The marine habitat used by Japanese Murrelets differed between each of the four surveyed colonies, however oceanographic variables offered little explanatory power in models. Models with colony, month and year generated four foraging radii (9–39 km wide) containing murrelet densities of > 0.5 birds/km2. Using these radii the Japanese marine IBA network was found to capture between 95% and 25% of Japanese Murrelet at-sea habitat while breeding and appears appropriately configured to protect near-colony murrelet distributions. Given the range of marine habitats that breeding murrelets inhabit, our simple models offer an applicable method for predicting to unsampled colonies and generating ecologically-informed seaward extension radii. However, data on colony populations and further at-sea surveys are necessary to refine models and improve predictions.
‘Who Is British Music?’ Placing Migrants in National Music History
Authors: SCHEDING FLORIAN
Published: November 2018

In 2013, trucks and vans were driving across London, bearing the message ‘In the UK illegally? Go home or face arrest.’ These mobile billboards declared the number of arrests that had taken place ‘in your area’ in the previous week and provided a number to which people could text the message ‘HOME’ to initiate voluntary repatriation. In 2016, Theresa May, who had organised this scheme as home secretary, became prime minister, following the upheaval caused by the country's plebiscite to leave the European Union. One of the main strands of argument of the successful ‘Brexit’ campaign centred on the ‘deep public anxiety . . . about uncontrolled immigration’ and promised to reduce numbers of immigrants to the country. This desire to control the nation's borders continued to dominate the official soundscape of Britain's government. At the 2016 annual Tory conference, May endeavoured to draw clear lines on issues of belonging, territory, citizenship, and the fuzzy notion of British values, discursively excluding not only migrants, but also anyone with an international(ist) outlook from the national debate: ‘If you believe you are a citizen of the world’, she posited, ‘you are a citizen of nowhere.’
Inanspruchnahme von Hilfe und Versorgung bei psychischen Auffälligkeiten im Kindergartenalter
Authors: Hoffer Rieke , Fröhlich-Gildhoff Klaus
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Trotz Gefahr der Chronifizierung ist die Inanspruchnahme professioneller Unterstützung beim Vorliegen von psychischen Auffälligkeiten im Kindergartenalter gering. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit wird die Studienlage zu subjektiven Barrieren aus Elternperspektive sowie zu Prädiktoren der Inanspruchnahme von Unterstützungsmaßnahmen zusammengefasst. Neben äußeren Hindernissen benennen Eltern mangelnde Kenntnisse über das Hilfesystem sowie negative Überzeugungen gegenüber Inanspruchnahme als Barrieren. Als elternbezogene Prädiktoren der Inanspruchnahme zeigen sich v. a. positive Einstellungen bzw. Vorbehalte gegenüber Inanspruchnahme sowie eigenes elterliches Inanspruchnahmeverhalten bei psychischen Schwierigkeiten. Ein höheres Alter der Kinder, die Schwere der Psychopathologie sowie Entwicklungsverzögerungen sind kindbezogene Prädiktoren. Als Hauptprädiktor stellt sich die elterliche Problemerkennung und Sorge heraus. Die Rolle der Fachkräfte in der Kindertagesbetreuung sollte in zukünftigen Studien systematischer berücksichtigt werden.
Spatiotemporal Variability in the Climate Growth Response of High Elevation Bristlecone Pine in the White Mountains of California
Authors: Bunn Andrew G. , Salzer Matthew W. , Anchukaitis Kevin J. , Bruening Jamis M. , Hughes Malcolm K.
Published: November 2018

Tree‐ring chronologies from bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) are a unique proxy used to understand climate variability over the middle to late Holocene. The annual rings from trees growing toward the species' lower elevational range are sensitive to precipitation variability. Interpretation of the ring‐width signal at the upper forest border has been more difficult. We evaluate differences in climate induced by topography (topoclimate) to better understand the dual signals of temperature and moisture. We unmix signals from trees growing at and near the upper forest border based on the seasonal mean temperature (SMT) experienced by each tree. We find that trees growing in exposures with SMT <7.5 ∘C are limited by temperature, while trees with SMT > 7.5 ∘C are limited by moisture. We demonstrate this independently through analysis of growth in the frequency and time domains and using a process model of xylogenesis. Furthermore, we identify increasing moisture sensitivity in trees formerly limited by temperature.
The Implications for Radiative Cloud Forcing via the Link Between Shallow Convection and Planetary Boundary Layer Mixing
Authors: Park R.‐S. , Kwon Y. C.
Published: November 2018

In this study, the role of shallow convection and its links with planetary boundary layer (PBL) mixing is analyzed using a global atmospheric model. All of the simulations are conducted with the Korean Integrated Model (KIM), which is a next‐generation operational global model for Korea Meteorological Administration. The simulation results show that the direct effect of shallow convection enhances additional vertical mixing inside the shallow convective layer, whereas its indirect effect reduces vertical mixing inside the PBL by changing the PBL height, thus vertical mixing strength. It is also found that the impact of shallow convection on low‐level clouds is tightly related to the overlapping between PBL and shallowing convection. When the PBL height is located in the higher (lower) part of the shallow convective layer, the mixing across the top of the PBL becomes smaller (larger). Therefore, the diffusivity profile of KIM shallow convection scheme is modified according to the overlapping pattern of PBL mixing and shallow convection. The systematic bias of downward solar radiation at the surface of KIM is improved with the revised diffusivity profile of the shallow convection scheme proposed in this study.
Benchmarking CME Arrival Time and Impact: Progress on Metadata, Metrics, and Events
Authors: Verbeke C. , Mays M. L. , Temmer M. , Bingham S. , Steenburgh R. , Dumbović M. , Núñez M. , Jian L. K. , Hess P. , Wiegand C. , Taktakishvili A. , Andries J.
Published: November 2018

Accurate forecasting of the arrival time and subsequent geomagnetic impacts of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at Earth is an important objective for space weather forecasting agencies. Recently, the CME Arrival and Impact working team has made significant progress toward defining community‐agreed metrics and validation methods to assess the current state of CME modeling capabilities. This will allow the community to quantify our current capabilities and track progress in models over time. First, it is crucial that the community focuses on the collection of the necessary metadata for transparency and reproducibility of results. Concerning CME arrival and impact we have identified six different metadata types: 3‐D CME measurement, model description, model input, CME (non)arrival observation, model output data, and metrics and validation methods. Second, the working team has also identified a validation time period, where all events within the following two periods will be considered: 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2012 and January 2015 to 31 December 2015. Those two periods amount to a total of about 100 hit events at Earth and a large amount of misses. Considering a time period will remove any bias in selecting events and the event set will represent a sample set that will not be biased by user selection. Lastly, we have defined the basic metrics and skill scores that the CME Arrival and Impact working team will focus on.