bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El ocaso del Teatro del Mundo barroco. La mascarada de la Real Fábrica de Tabacos de Sevilla en la proclamación de Fernando VI
Authors: Ollero Lobato Francisco
Published: November 2024

Este estudio profundiza en la nueva comprensión de la metáfora del Teatro del Mundo que se va imponiendo en el siglo XVIII, cuando se abandona el sentido del desengaño barroco por la exposición de los descubrimientos geográficos y la actividad del hombre sobre el territorio. Se relaciona este topo con el propósito de la celebración pública de la época, en particular con la exaltación del monarca y su capacidad para crear el orden en un mundo abreviado. Con esas premisas, el artículo aborda el estudio de una fiesta en particular, la extraordinaria mascarada organizada por la Real Fábrica de Tabacos en Sevilla con motivo de la proclamación de Fernando VI, donde se observa la pervivencia de la cultura emblemática pero también la presencia de temas ilustrados y la analogía del espectáculo festivo con las nacientes disciplinas científicas.
Les stratégies funéraires des élites urbaines : ériger sa tombe au Moyen Âge à Lyon (XIIe – XVe siècles)
Authors: Nimeskern-Diolosa Ophélie
Published: November 2024

Au Moyen Âge, des stratégies funéraires sont mises en place par l’élite urbaine à Lyon. Elles sont nécessaires pour les membres de la bourgeoisie qui émettent le souhait d’ancrer leur nom au sein de la cité, grâce à leurs monuments funéraires. Pour ce faire, ils doivent choisir une morphologie, une représentation, que ce soit une figuration, une épitaphe ou une armoirie. L’utilisation de ces symboles permet d’être visible et d’assurer la continuité de son nom afin de ne pas tomber dans l’oubli. Ainsi, à Lyon, l’élite urbaine semble faire le choix des plates-tombes comme support pour les monuments funéraires. Aussi, pour répondre à la nécessité d’être représenté, elle s’inscrit dans le paysage funéraire en utilisant la figuration en pieds, l’épigraphie ou encore l’héraldique.
Anticiper et gérer de l'Antiquité au Moyen Âge
Authors: DOKIMA
Published: November 2024

La journée du séminaire des doctorants en mondes anciens et médiévaux de l’université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (DOKIMA), organisée le 18 juin 2019, a proposé d’interroger les notions d’anticipation et de gestion dans les sociétés anciennes.Après une introduction de Sabine Lefebvre sont présentées cinq contributions de doctorants et doctorantes historiens, historiens de l’art et archéologues qui couvrent une large période allant de l’antiquité romaine à la fin du Moyen Âge à l’échelle de l’Occident. L’ambition était, à partir d’études de cas, de souligner les problèmes posés par l’articulation entre les notions d’anticipation et de gestion. Les conclusions ont été rédigées par Bruno Lemesle.
Salaires et emploi des femmes, comparés à ceux des hommes : discrimination raciale et sexuelle dans l’enquête Génération 2017
Authors: Argan Damiano , Gary-Bobo Robert , Lacour Xavier
Published: November 2024

En nous appuyant sur l’interrogation à trois ans de l’enquête Génération 2017 du Céreq, nous étudions les salaires et l’emploi des femmes et les comparons à la situation des hommes. Les résultats montrent la persistance, en 2020, d’une discrimination modérée, défavorable aux femmes sur le marché du travail français. La décote salariale varie suivant le niveau de diplôme, mais montre des salaires inférieurs de 5 à 10 % pour les femmes travaillant à temps plein, à diplôme, expérience et caractéristiques observables égales, sans que cette décote s’accroisse ou se réduise clairement avec le niveau d’éducation. Ces résultats sont comparables aux chiffres récents de l’Insee. Les femmes offrent significativement moins de travail que les hommes, toujours à diplôme égal et à caractéristiques observables égales. On observe que les rendements de l’expérience des femmes sont significativement plus faibles que ceux des hommes, ce qui détermine des carrières plus lentes pour les femmes, ici en début de carrière. Enfin, l’origine nationale joue défavorablement : les origines africaines, maghrébines et asiatiques déterminent des salaires en moyenne plus faibles, mais les femmes souffrent moins – et en tous cas pas plus que les hommes – de cette forme de discrimination.
“The country of his past”: Homecoming in “A Modern Lover” and “The Shades of Spring”
Authors: Cushman Keith
Published: November 2024

In the two early stories, “A Modern Lover” and “The Shades of Spring,” Lawrence imagines an autobiographical figure returning to his home country to renew connection with the young woman he had loved (a version of Jessie Chambers). The two “homecoming” stories are intriguing add-ons to the Miriam Leivers material in Sons and Lovers. In “A Modern Lover” the returning protagonist is callow and self-centered, but his old sweetheart is still attracted to him. In “The Shades of Spring,” the returning protagonist discovers that his newly self-confident, “very womanly” former sweetheart is having an affair with a young gamekeeper. The differences between the stories and their main characters illuminate Lawrence’s personal and artistic growth between the composition of “A Modern Lover” in 1909 and the final revision of “The Shades of Spring for the Prussian Officer collection in the summer of 1914.
D.H. Lawrence, the Mining Community, and the Paternal Home
Authors: Rademacher Marie-Geraldine
Published: November 2024

Over the years, the notion of “home” has been commonly associated with the image of a caring mother, devoted to providing an “ideal home” for her children. In that context, the “home” is a place where children can thrive under their parents’ watch and protection. However, in Sons and Lovers, the mother’s high-handed attitude towards the father and by extension towards the mining community, results in creating a disharmonious household and estranging the children from their father. Family tensions and the mother’s stifling love have urged the children to seek escape from the family nest. In D.H. Lawrence’s works, the notion of “home” is not necessarily connected with the maternal but rather with the paternal. For instance, in the poem “Nostalgia,” the speaker realizes that following the death of his father, “the place is no longer ours.” Then, in his late essay “Return to Bestwood,” talking about the coal miners, Lawrence confesses that “It is they who are, in some peculiar way, ‘home’ to me […] the miners at home are men very much like me, and I am very much like them […]" (155). This statement establishes a connection between the writer’s own father (Arthur Lawrence), the mining community and Lawrence’s idea of home. For D.H. Lawrence, home is more than just a space or a place, it has more to do with the idea of a shared intimacy and the sentiment of belonging to a community. His late writings are tinged with nostalgia for a distant past, for a time when the collective was prioritized over the individual, before homeliness was superseded by homelessness; homelessness which according to Karl Marx, finds its root in capitalism and social inequalities.
Professional nurses’ perspectives on the implementation of integrated chronic disease management model
Authors: Dagume-Ndou Avhaathu S. , Lumadi Thanyani G.
Published: November 2024

Background: The integrated chronic disease management (ICDM) model is seen to be a promising strategy as it is gaining global acceptance as an approach to enhance healthcare delivery.Objectives: The study objectives were to explore and describe professional nurses’ perspectives on the model, identify challenges experienced during implementation and identify factors that could improve the model implementation.Method: An explorative, descriptive qualitative design was used, nine professional nurses from three selected facilities were interviewed. Data obtained from semi-structured individual interviews were analysed using thematic analysis and NVivo software.Results: Three main themes emerged: the professional nurses’ perceived benefits of the model, challenges experienced during implementation and recommendations to ensure effective implementation of the model. The perceived benefits of the model included the integration of care, adequate medication and the alleviation of stigma related to diseases. However, the challenges of the model included a shortage of staff, poor infrastructure and patients missing scheduled appointments. The study noted the need for adequate staff, infrastructure and ongoing training for the successful implementation of the model.Conclusion: Despite challenges in the South African healthcare system, professional nurses perceived the implementation of the model positively. The study highlighted the need for adequate staff, adequate infrastructure and ongoing training for staff.Contribution: This study outlined the challenges and recommendations identified, enabling healthcare organisations, policymakers and educators to develop targeted strategies for successful implementation. The findings will also inform future research focussed on optimising the utilisation of the model in the study setting and similar contexts
Income inequality: The effects of public education expenditure and information and communications technology in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Voto Tewa P. , Ngepah Nicholas
Published: November 2024

Background: As nations globally strive to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10, which underscores the reduction of inequality, there is an increasing need to harness the power of education and information and communications technology (ICT) to achieve this aim. Therefore, this study is motivated by this rationale.Aim: The synergistic effect of government spending on education and ICT on income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in the long run.Setting: Panel data for 30 SSA countries from 1990 to 2022 are used.Method: This research used the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) technique, which provides long-run estimates, to achieve the aim of the article.Results: The FMOLS results reveal that public education expenditure increases income inequality while its squared expenditure reduces it in the long run. However, over time, ICT diminishes inequality. Notably, the combined effect of public education spending and ICT strengthens the effect of public education expenditure on income inequality in SSA in the long term.Conclusion: In summary, with the incorporation of additional control variables in the analyses, it suggests that SSA’s governments, along with policymakers, have the opportunity to achieve income inequality reduction by strategically making use of public education spending and ICT.Contribution: This article adds significant value to the literature by demonstrating the effect of public education spending and ICT on income inequality in SSA (characterised by higher level of income inequality). To mitigate concerns regarding endogeneity, this article uses FMOLS.
Effect of soy protein isolate supplementation on the estradiol biosynthesis pathway in a female rat model
Authors: Abd El-Latif Noha A. , Elfiky Asmaa M. , Abdelmottaleb Moussa Sherif A. , Aziz Samir W.
Published: November 2024

Background

Soy protein isolate (SPI) has gained popularity as an alternative to animal proteins. Soy consumption may have a link to rising serum estrogen in humans. This concern is attributed to phytoestrogens, specifically isoflavones present in soy protein, acting as estrogen substitutes and modulators.

Objective

The objective of this research was to assess the influence of SPI supplementation on estradiol hormone levels and the expression of genes associated with estrogen synthesis in female rats.

Materials and methods

Female Wistar rats (n=18) were evenly divided into three groups: group 1 (normal control) received oral administration of a saline vehicle. Group 2 (low dose) received 450 mg/kg body weight of SPI for 30 days. Group 3 (high dose) received 900 mg/kg body weight of SPI for 30 days. All administrations were conducted intragastrically.

Results and conclusion

The results of our study indicate that there was a significant increase in the levels of estradiol hormone in groups receiving low and high doses of SPI when compared with the control group. There was an upregulation in the messenger ribonucleic acid expression of the Cyp19 gene in low-dose and high-dose groups. Moreover, the low-dose group showed upregulation in the expression of the HSD3B gene. These genes are involved in the biosynthesis pathway of estrogen hormone in females. Therefore, the use of SPI should be cautious because it contains phytoestrogens (isoflavones), which have structural similarities to endogenous female estrogen and may cause hormonal disturbance in females.
“Appearances can be deceptive” symptomatic Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome in Ebstein’s anomaly
Authors: Suresh A. , Behera Archana
Published: November 2024

Ablation in Ebstein’s anomaly with Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome is very challenging due to complex anatomy and multiple arrhythmias associated with it. We expect atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia which is the most common arrhythmia associated with WPW. As appearances can be deceptive, although in our case report, this 22-year-old female had preexcitation, she had typical atrial flutter, preexcited atrial fibrillation in addition to atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. She needed cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation in addition to accessory pathway ablation to render the aforementioned arrhythmias noninducible. This case affirms the fact that a detailed and meticulous electrophysiologic study is to be done to diagnose all arrhythmias associated with this congenital heart disease.
Midline cleft of the upper and lower lips
Authors: Kumar Dasari Madhu Vinay , Jahangir Zaki Zafar
Published: November 2024

Midline clefts of both upper and lower lip are extremely uncommon. Couronne reported the first case in 1819, and fewer than 80 cases have been discovered in the literature to date. The incidence is about 1:1,000,000 births. This case report describes a 5-year-old male boy having midline cleft of the upper and lower lip and cheiloplasty done by local advancement flap.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the General Population toward Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alghamdi Abdullah S. , Alghamdi Rana M. , Alghamdi Rania A. , Alzahrani Hajeer T. , Alghamdi Hanan Mesfer , Alghamdi Mohammed A.
Published: November 2024

Context:

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children is characterized by partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to disrupted breathing and altered sleep patterns. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are crucial for preventing severe health complications.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to pediatric OSA among residents of the Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia, and explore associations with sociodemographic factors to improve the health outcomes and quality of life of the affected children.

Settings and Design:

The study design was an observational cross-sectional study.

Subjects and Methods:

From the general public in the Al-Baha region, 413 participants were recruited through an online self-administered questionnaire. Data were collected between May 4 and June 5, 2024.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics, frequency distributions, and Chi-square test.

Results:

The majority of participants were predominantly female (66.3%) and aged 18–30 years (61%). Most participants were single and held a bachelor’s degree. An adequate level of knowledge about OSA was demonstrated by 64% of the participants, 78% exhibited a positive attitude, and 62% showed an adequate practice level. Young adults and females had the highest levels of knowledge and positive attitudes, with females also displaying better practice habits than males. Participants with 1–3 children demonstrated better practice levels than those with more children.

Conclusion:

Adequate awareness of pediatric OSA was demonstrated in the Al-Baha region, particularly among young adults and females. Positive attitudes and effective practices are influenced by education and profession. While current awareness efforts are effective, targeted interventions can further improve knowledge and practice.
Natural annihilators and operators of constant rank over $\mathbb{C}$
Authors: Gmeineder Franz , Schiffer Stefan
Published: November 2024

Even if the Fourier symbols of two constant rank differential operators have the same nullspace for each non-trivial phase space variable, the nullspaces of those differential operators might differ by an infinite-dimensional space. Under the natural condition of constant rank over

\mathbb{C}

, we establish that the equality of nullspaces on the Fourier symbol level already implies the equality of the nullspaces of the differential operators in

\mathscr{D}'

modulo polynomials of a fixed degree. In particular, this condition allows one to speak of
natural annihilators
within the framework of complexes of differential operators.
Sharp PDE estimates for random two-dimensional bipartite matching with power cost function
Authors: Ambrosio Luigi , Vitillaro Federico , Trevisan Dario
Published: November 2024

We investigate the random bipartite optimal matching problem on a flat torus in two dimensions, considering general strictly convex power costs of the distance. We extend the successful ansatz first introduced by Caracciolo et al. for the quadratic case, involving a linear Poisson equation, to a non-linear equation of

q

-Poisson type, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis of the optimal transport cost. Our results establish new asymptotic connections between the energy of the solution to the PDE and the optimal transport cost, providing insights on their asymptotic behavior.
Energy Efficiency of Vehicles, Second Edition
Authors:   Missouri State University., Carroll Douglas R
Published: November 2024

Energy Efficiency of Vehicles" offers a comprehensive guide to understanding the critical relationship between energy usage and environmental impact. As we face pivotal decisions about energy in the coming decades, this book equips readers with the scientific knowledge needed to make informed, rational choices. In this updated edition, readers will explore: • Detailed calculations related to energy, power, and efficiency. • The environmental consequences of energy consumption. • Models illustrating the impact of city driving on the energy efficiency and fuel economy of cars and trucks. Ideal for students, professionals, and anyone passionate about sustainable energy solutions, this book provides the tools to analyze and improve vehicle energy efficiency, fostering a cleaner and more sustainable future.
Krzeszowicki dom dla wojennych sierot w perspektywie osobowości jego twórcy Stanisława Jedlewskiego
Authors: Noszczyk-Bernasiewicz Monika
Published: November 2024

W artykule opisano środowisko wychowawcze Państwowego Zakład Wychowawczo- Naukowego w Krzeszowicach, zorganizowane przez Stanisława Jedlewskiego. Placówka została ukazana w doświadczeniach jej rezydentów. Dokonano analizy wpływu charyzmatycznej osobowości i wysokiego wykształcenia dyrektora placówki na atmosferę wychowawczą oraz formy pracy z podopiecznymi. Wykazano, że te dwa czynniki odegrały kluczową rolę w osiąganiu pożądanych rezultatów wychowawczych. Charakterystyka powstania i funkcjonowania placówki jest też okazją do ukazania dramatycznych losów polskiego narodu oraz determinacji wybitnej osobowości, która jest w stanie wpłynąć na pomyślne losy setek ludzi, którzy znaleźli się w trudnej sytuacji życiowej.
Antropologiczne, epistemologiczne i aksjologiczne założenia pedagogiki nurtu personalistycznego
Authors: Chrost Sławomir
Published: November 2024

Refleksja pedagogiczna przez całe wieki była i nadal jest (implicite lub explicite) pochodną poglądów filozoficznych. Każda epoka wypracowywała specyficzne dla swojego czasu ujęcie istoty wychowania, będące „pochodną” ogólnego ducha filozofii danego czasu. Także personalizm odcisnął niejako swoje piętno na wychowaniu. Podstawowym wyznacznikiem personalizmu jest twierdzenie, że człowiek jest najpierw osobą, zanim przypisze się mu określone cechy bądź właściwości. Cechy charakterystyczne dla pedagogiki uprawianej w nurcie personalistycznym to zatem przede wszystkim promowanie świata osobowego oraz uzdalnianie podmiotu do procesu personalizowania świata.

Dla potrzeb niniejszego opracowania został zaadaptowany trójpodział filozofii wychowania, obejmujący antropologię, epistemologię i aksjologię wychowania. Intencją autora było przedstawienie antropologicznych, epistemologicznych i aksjologicznych założeń w pedagogice nurtu personalistycznego. W świetle wyników badań uprawnione wydaje się twierdzenie, że wychowanie personalistyczne bazuje na antropologii przedstawiającej człowieka jako osobę, epistemologii opartej na realizmie poznawczym oraz aksjologii dowartościowującej godność osobową i wszelkie wartości osobowe, takie jak prawda, dobro, piękno, życie, wolność, miłość.
„Żywe słowo” jako sposób uprawiania filozofii. Wokół inspiracji platońskich
Authors: Woźniczka Maciej
Published: November 2024

Złożoność języka wypowiedzi filozoficznej umożliwia odwołanie się do fundamentalnych uwarunkowań filozofowania. „Żywe słowo” jest jedną z tradycyjnych, elementarnych i zarazem najsilniejszych form przekazu treści i kompetencji filozoficznych. Platon w Fajdrosie stwierdza, że filozofem jest tylko ten, kto o sprawach najwyższych i najważniejszych nie mówi w swoich pismach. Mowa inspiruje inaczej niż tekst, bowiem silniej wpływa na emocje, formuje motywację, budzi skojarzenia i oddziałuje na wyobraźnię. Słowo mówione to odwołanie się do odwiecznej tradycji pierwszorzędnej wartości przekazu bezpośredniego. Ze względu na najsilniejszą siłę oddziaływania tak istotne jest w niej przestrzeganie wysokich standardów moralnych. Zgodnie z najnowszymi tendencjami analitycznymi (metoda hermeneutyczna) właściwe odczytanie wielu tekstów filozoficznych wymaga odniesienia się do konwencji „nauk niepisanych”. Jakie są przyczyny tego stanu rzeczy? Dlaczego odwoływanie się do „rzeczy najważniejszych” wymaga rezygnacji z tekstu pisanego? Czy krytyka „wszelkiej formy pisma” to również krytyka jednego z podstawowych sposobów uprawiania filozofii? Próby odpowiedzi na te pytania podejmowane są przez współczesnych filozofów (Jacques Derrida, Pismo filozofii). Polskimi przykładami „książki mówionej” są dzieła Marka Siemka (Wykłady z filozofii nowoczesności) i prace Józefa Tischnera (Etyka a historia. Wykłady).
Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa pt. Od Korczaka do Kulmowej. Dziecko i „język wczesnej edukacji” na Uniwersytecie Szczecińskim
Authors: Materne Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

Sprawozdanie z Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej pt. Od Korczaka do Kulmowej. Dziecko i „język wczesnej edukacji”, zorganizowanej w dniach 23–24 marca 2023 roku w Szczecinie przez Katedrę Wczesnej Edukacji, wchodzącą w skład Instytutu Pedagogiki Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Konferencja objęta była m.in. honorowym patronatem Ministerstwa Edukacji i Nauki, Komitetu Nauk Pedagogicznych PAN, Jego Magnificencji Rektora US prof. Waldemara Tarczyńskiego i Prezydenta Szczecina Piotra Krzystka. Konferencja miała ukazać wpływ pedagogiki wczesnej edukacji na konwergencję innych dyscyplin społecznych i humanistycznych, unaocznić jej ogromną wagę, ewidentną użyteczność i spektakularny wpływ na kształtowanie podmiotowości człowieka w kontekście jego całożyciowego rozwoju. Duże zainteresowanie konferencją (65 prelegentów z różnych ośrodków akademickich) potwierdziło jej znaczenie w środowisku naukowym i dydaktycznym.
17. Yüzyılda Yazılmış Mensur Bir Hikâye Külliyatı: Hezârfen Hüseyin Efendi’nin Câmi’ü’l-Hikâyâtü’l-Hikemiyye ve Letâ’ifü’r-Rivâyâtü’l-‘İşrâkiyye’si
Authors: Aydın Halis
Published: November 2024

17. yüzyıl Osmanlı tarihinde siyasî, sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel ve askerî alanlarda bir çözülme dönemi olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Devlette durumun böyle olması dönemin kültür ve edebiyatını da etkilemiştir. Nâbî, Nef’î ve Sâbit gibi şairler nazım alanında dönemlerine damga vurmuş, farklı tarzların temsilcisi olmuşlardır. Nazım alanında olduğu gibi nesir alanında da önemli değişiklikler söz konusu olmuştur. Nesir geleneğinde önceki yıllarda görülen yükseliş bu dönemde de sürmüş, eser sayısı ve çeşitlilik artmıştır. Bu dönemde dikkat çeken bir diğer husus ise Nâ’imâ, Kâtip Çelebi, Veysî, Nergisî, Hezârfen Hüseyin Efendi gibi nâsirlerin yetişmesidir. Hezârfen Hüseyin Efendi, 17. yüzyılın önemli şahsiyetlerinden olup hem ansiklopedist hem tarihçi kişiliğe sahip bir devlet adamı olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Kendi döneminde oldukça velûd bir yazar olduğu görülen Hüseyin Efendi, tarihten coğrafyaya, tıptan tasavvufa kadar geniş konular hakkında eserler vermiştir. Bu çalışmada Hezârfen Hüseyin Efendi’nin kaleme almış olduğu ve mensur hikâye özelliği gösteren Câmi’ü’l-hikâyâti’l-hikemiyye ve Letâ’ifü’r-rivâyâti’l-‘işrâkiyye adlı eser tanıtılacaktır. Çalışmada söz konusu eserin şekil, içerik, nüsha tavsifi, hikâyelerin muhtevaları, dil ve anlatım yönünden irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
How Political Risk Influences FDI Destinations for MNEs: Evidence from Statistical Analyses, Interviews and a Survey Experiment on Investor–State Dispute Settlement
Authors: Burzo Stefano
Published: November 2024

Foreign direct investment involves substantial and long-term investments by foreign companies, which have sometimes been expropriated by national governments. Over the past 35 years, international investment treaties have enabled private companies to sue governments at international tribunals for alleged treaty violations, a shift from traditional state-to-state judicial actions. This dissertation explores how such disputes impact foreign direct investment destinations through statistical analyses and interviews. Additionally, a survey experiment in the U.S. empirically examines factors shaping public preferences for government behavior in these disputes. The findings enhance the existing literature and contribute to policy discussions on redefining the international investment regime.
EZAFE IN THE CONTEXT OF CPS: Evidence from three Iranian languages
Authors: Gündoğdu Songül , Kahnemuyipour Arsalan , Den Dikken Marcel
Published: November 2024

The present study investigates the distribution of the Ezafe (EZ) morpheme in adnominal clauses in three Iranian languages, namely Persian, Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish), and Zazaki, demonstrating that the behavior of EZ in these languages challenges the case analysis of EZ, suggesting instead a compatibility with the inversion analysis of EZ. In contrast to the prediction made by the case analysis, it is shown that EZ is required before [–N] modifiers such as CPs. First, EZ is consistently used in restrictive relative clauses (RCs) in all three languages, with Persian using an allomorph of EZ in this context, contrasting with Kurmanji and Zazaki, which use the regular form of EZ. Non-restrictive RCs present divergence: while Persian does not allow EZ in this environment, Zazaki and Kurmanji employ regular and anaphoric EZ (AEZ) forms, respectively. Following de Vries (2006), non-restrictive RCs are treated as restrictive RCs with a silent head, aligning the distribution of EZ in these languages with its distribution after a silent noun: Persian lacks EZ here, while Zazaki and Kurmanji use EZ and AEZ, respectively. Second, in Noun-Complement Clauses (NCCs), Kurmanji and Zazaki consistently use regular EZ, while Persian offers two options: the allomorph of EZ used with CPs or no EZ at all. Two possible structures are proposed for NCCs, one with and one without inversion, attributing the distribution of EZ to the structure involving inversion. This study shows that EZ is present in CP contexts and its distribution in these languages follows from the general behaviour of EZ and the syntax of N-CP structures.
THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN TRADITIONAL CALENDAR FESTIVALS AND RITUALS OF THE CHUVASH
Authors: Semenova Tatiana V. , Egorova Oksana V.
Published: November 2024

The relevance of the research is determined by the importance of studying the gender aspect in the traditional culture in a modern society experiencing global and modernization processes. The article analyzes the holidays and rituals of the calendar cycle in which women participated.

The purpose of the study is to trace the role of women in calendar festive occasions in the process of historical and cultural changes in the Chuvash community of the late XIX – early XX centuries.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted using the general scientific method of systematization (analysis) and the basic principle of historical research (concreteness), which made it possible to analyze historical and ethnological studies on ethnography, calendar ritualism of the Chuvash. The work was carried out mainly on the materials of archival documents of the Scientific Archive of the Chuvash State Institute of Humanities.

Research results. Based on the studied sources, it is possible to recreate a generalized picture of the life of a Chuvash woman. First of all, the woman – the wife of the head of the family – had a high status. She was in charge of all household chores among the younger women of the family. The importance of a Chuvash woman in preserving and transmitting cultural and ethnic traditions was great. The analysis of a wide range of festive occasions and rituals enables to note that the Chuvash did not have explicit women’s festivals and rituals, or there were very few of them, but women were present in each of them. A woman’s reputation was also determined by her special role in the ceremonial life of the family and community. The life, health and well-being of family members and the entire household depended on her knowledge and skills.

Conclusions. The participation of women and their primacy in calendar festivals and rituals, as well as in sacrifices to individual deities and spirits, is not denied. A Chuvash woman was a part of ritual practices that had a magical purpose to stimulate the productive forces of nature, and the guardian not only of the hearth, but the national values of her people as well.
THE MARI REGIONAL KOMSOMOL ORGANIZATION IN THE 1920–1930s: THE EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL EVOLVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Sokolova Valentina I. , Evdokimova Anzhelika N. , Yaltaev Dmitriy A.
Published: November 2024

Studying the experience of the formation evolvement and development of the youth movement is relevant in scientific and practical terms, since the future of any state depends on youth. Currently the closest attention from both the state and the society is paid to formation of various youth organizations.

The purpose of the study is to determine the place and the role of the youth of the Mari Autonomous Region in the transformations which took place in the country and the region in the first decade after the region’s formation, to show the successes and difficulties of the growth of the Komsomol ranks and to find out their causes.

Materials and methods. The article is based on the principle of historicism, objectivity, and a comprehensive analysis of the youth’s problems conducted at the level of an individual region of the RSFSR. The reference sources were materials from the state archives of the Republic of Mari El, the Chuvash Republic, and sources from the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History were used.

Research results. The disparate initial forms of youth associations and circles in the territory of the modern Republic of Mari El first acquired organizational features in 1919 with the formation of the Komsomol, which took a monopoly position in 1924. The numerical strength of this organization began to increase actively since 1923 when the difficult years of revolution and famine ended, and reached its maximum strength during the years of industrialization and the beginning of collectivization. The priority tasks of the organized youth were: famine relief, support for the Bolsheviks during the Civil War, in peacetime – political education, organization of sports. The All–Union development programs were implemented through the Komsomol – organizing youth shock workers; brigades, organization of social competition, the activities of propaganda teams during creation of collective farms. At this, some Komsomol members refused to join collective farms and showed little activity in the physical culture movement. A feature of the movement was its organization in a forest area with large distances between settlements, where mostly the non-Russian peasant population lived. In 1929, the Mari Komsomol became involved in international activities and established contacts with the Yugoslav youth movement.

Conclusions. The youth made a significant contribution to the national economy restoration and establishment of peaceful life in the region. Komsomol members had to be active in conditions of famine and devastation, to solve issues of achieving equality of different population groups , the development of agricultural technologies, the fight against illiteracy on the basis of new political ideological tasks for that era.
PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN OF THE MARI ASSR IN THE PATRIOTIC MOVEMENT TO ASSIST THE FRONT DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (based on the materials of the periodical press of the war years)
Authors: Filonova Alina B. , Ivanov Ananii G. , Filonov Aleksander A.
Published: November 2024

Studying the history of the Great Patriotic War and the problem of the contribution made by the entire multinational Soviet people, including the women of the Mari ASSR, to approaching the Victory has been one of the highly topical issues in Russian historiography for a long time. Coverage of the war years events and the results of the war is of particular importance in modern realities, when aggressive attempts are made to distort the historical truth.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the participation of women of the Mari ASSR in the patriotic movement to help the front during the Great Patriotic War based on the materials of the periodical press of the war years.

Materials and methods. The research used both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison) and special historical methods (historical-comparative, historical-genetic). This research is mainly based on the materials of the periodical press of the Republic of the war years. Materials from published sources and scientific literature on the issues under study were also used.

Research results. The article presents the results of the analysis of the materials published in the periodical press of the war years, which contain unique information about the participation of women of the Mari ASSR in the patriotic movement to provide comprehensive assistance to the front. Collecting and processing of articles and excerpts published in newspapers gave the authors the opportunity to identify valuable information about the widespread involvement of women in the movement to collect warm clothes for Red Army soldiers, funds and food for the country’s defense fund, for the construction of military equipment and gifts for soldiers, as well as their involvement in the donor movement in the republic.

Conclusions. The information obtained in the course of the study is of valuable importance, since unique data on the involvement of women of the republic in the national movement to help the front were introduced into scientific circulation. The study showed that despite the material and everyday difficulties for the population, women from all regions of the republic, to the best of their abilities, sought to support their brothers and husbands in every possible way, which became one of the main factors in approaching the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.
ANTI-RELIGIOUS PROPAGANDA IN THE USSR IN THE 1920s AND 1930s. BASIC FORMS AND METHODS
Authors: Shmakov Aleksey A. , Abidulin Alim A.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the anti-religious propaganda deployed in the USSR in the 1920s and 1930s. The relevance of this research is obvious in modern multinational Russian society, in which religious beliefs and values not only have a noticeable impact on the social and cultural spheres of public life, but also find their reflection in the political activities of the state. The history of anti-religious propaganda in the USSR reminds us of the danger of using ideology to suppress the faith and the need to protect and respect religious freedom, and studying it will allow us to avoid repeating mistakes and to approach consciously the issues of building and coexistence of a multi-confessional society.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the state approach to solving issues of fight against religion and systematizing the main methods and forms of anti-religious propaganda.

Materials and methods. The main materials for the study were collections of works and scientific papers, presently topical scientific articles, collections of documents, books and brochures on the problems under study of the designated period. In the course of the study, the principle of historicism was applied using historical-systemic and chronological methods of historical research.

Research results. As a result of the study, key practices of anti-religious propaganda were identified, including legislative activities, the educational system, mass culture, and periodicals. The authors note the diversity of propaganda solutions, their ability to adapt in accordance with changes in the social and political life of the country.

Conclusions. The study revealed the leading role of the state apparatus and the centralized management of anti-religious propaganda in the country. It should be noted that anti-religious propaganda had an impact on the development of domestic politics, culture, public sentiments, and the worldview of Soviet citizens. Nevertheless, all the anti-religious activities of the state, planned and carried out according to a single plan, could not completely eliminate the religious component in the life of the country, and if the state achieved certain results at the legislative level, then at the local, everyday level, the religious identity of the country was preserved and was able to revive in the near future.
ORGANIZATION OF AGITATION AND PROPAGANDA IN THE MARI ASSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors: Koshkina Olga A.
Published: November 2024

Agitation and propaganda gained special importance during the Great Patriotic War. The organization of this work was based on the patriotic idea aimed at rallying the people to achieve victory over the enemy. In the rear regions, including the Mari ASSR, the main slogan was a call for provision of assistance to the front.

The purpose of the study is to study, based on the analysis of the sources of the Soviet propaganda and agitation and their organization in the Mari ASSR during the Great Patriotic War.

Materials and methods. The sources were identified in the State Archive of the Republic of Mari El. The main methods were analysis and systematization of documents.

Research results. One of the main forms of propaganda and agitation was lecture work, the quality of which was controlled by the party. The main propaganda stations were district party offices and village library and reading rooms. In 1944, the University of Marxism-Leninism was established in Yoshkar-Ola to train personnel, and 21 regional party schools functioned. Special attention was paid to billboard campaign – Honor boards, social competition results, stands with various indicators, posters, etc. Periodicals and radio broadcasting occupied one of the leading places in Soviet propaganda. There were two republican, 18 regional newspapers and two factory multi-circulation newspapers in the republic. But during the war, the radio committee staff was reduced, and broadcasting did not cover all settlements of the republic. In addition to newspapers and local radio broadcasting, leaflets with messages from Sovinformburo served as a means of political work.

Conclusions. The means of propaganda and agitation during the war years played a major role in shaping the patriotic feelings of the Soviet people. With their help, it was possible to maintain both the morale and the psychological state of the population in the rear regions. Teams of agitators, periodicals, and partly radio broadcasting had a certain educational effect on the inhabitants of the Republic.
STUDENT YOUTH OF CHUVASHIA ON INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC
Authors: Boyko Ivan I. , Muravyeva Irina V. , Myasnikova Alla B.
Published: November 2024

The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of preserving interethnic harmony in Russia, when its opponents are trying to use the lever of nationalism to undermine interethnic peace in the country. Under the conditions of a rapidly changing reality, it is important to take these processes into account in the course of scientific analysis of interethnic relations.

The purpose of the study is to perform a comparative analysis of sociological survey data, to identify the dynamics of assessments given to interethnic relations by students in modern conditions, to define positive and negative trends.

Materials and methods. The source base was made by the materials of surveys of Chuvashia’s students, carried out according to a single methodology. First of all, we are referring to the surveys of 2021 and 2024, which involved 150 students of universities and secondary vocational educational institutions of Cheboksary and Novocheboksarsk. The data obtained were processed in the SPSS Statistics 22 program.

Research results. The comparison of materials obtained in 2021 and 2024, as well as comparable data from earlier studies, showed that in Chuvashia, from the point of view of student youth, even relations between representatives of different ethnic groups are preserved. At this, the comparison of assessments in relation to Russia and Chuvashia shows that young people are confident in a more prosperous situation in the republic. The dynamics of assessments differs by a slight level of variation, while there is no noticeable difference in the responses of university students, on the one hand, and technical schools and colleges, on the other.

Conclusions. Chuvashia students keep up the stable position on a fairly prosperous attitude of affairs in the field of interethnic relations in the republic. At the same time, the level of negative perception of some peoples living in Chuvashia, including Russian citizens, remains quite high. This state of affairs poses the task of strengthening the general civic identity of students.
Experimental Study of the Biological Effect of Titanium Nickelide Powder Intended for Obliteration of the Pleural Cavity
Authors: Efteev Leonid A. , Esakov Yurii S. , Blinov Dmitry S. , Marchenko Ekaterina S. , Zotov Sergey E. , Blinova Ekaterina V. , Shatalov Vitaly G.
Published: November 2024

Pleurodesis occupies an important place in the complex treatment of metastatic pleurisy in progression of various forms of malignant tumors. Despite the variety of agents proposed for chemical pleurodesis, there is still no universal technique that fully meets safety and effectiveness requirements, by virtue whereof the search for new substances for pleural cavity obliteration with a minimal profile of toxicity and side effects remains relevant. The purpose of the work is to study the biological effect of titanium nickelide powder, intended for obliteration of the pleural cavity, in animals and in vitro experiments. Research material and methods. In this work, powdered titanium nickelide with a particle dispersion degree from 20 to 160 microns was studied. Cytotoxicity of titanium nickelide was determined in the culture of human fibroblasts and endotheliocytes using the MTT assay. The powder's acute toxicity was studied when it was administered intraperitoneally to white laboratory mice. The effectiveness of pleurodesis was determined by spraying titanium nickelide powder into the pleural cavity of minipigs during macro- and microscopic pathomorphological examination of the pleura. Results. In cell cultures of human fibroblasts and endotheliocytes, it was shown that titanium nickelide powder with a particle dispersion degree from 20 to 160 microns with a median of 80 (60; 100) microns did not result in cell lysis and a change in their cytomorphology. The powder under study has no toxic properties when administered intraperitoneally to albino mice of both sexes at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Spraying titanium nickelide powder in the pleural cavity of minipigs provides effective and safe pleurodesis by the 14th–21st day of the postoperative period, characterized by the spread of the adhesive process in all parts of the pleural cavity with complete obliteration of sinus spaces without forming inflammatory pleural effusion and bleeding. Conclusions. The use of titanium nickelide powder with a particle dispersion from 20 to 160 microns ensures effective and safe pleurodesis.
Proteomic Differences in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Cardiac Insufficiency with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Sveklina Tatiana S. , Shustov Sergey B. , Kozlov Vadim A. , Kolyubaeva Svetlana N. , Kuchmin Alexey N. , Kochergina Natalia A. , Oktysyuk Polina D. , Konyaev Vladislav V.
Published: November 2024

The search for protein markers of chronic cardiac insufficiency in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus is an urgent task. The purpose of the study was to determine the phenotype of patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency with preserved or low ejection fraction, including those burdened with type 2 diabetes mellitus, based on the study of the protein blood profile using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, densitometry and mass spectrometric identification of proteins. Material and methods. In 48 patients (69.1±3.1 years) with chronic cardiac insufficiency with preserved or low ejection fraction with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy volunteers, the proteome was examined by various methods (isolation of exosomes by ultracentrifugation followed by the analysis of the serum exosomes' proteome; analysis of tryptic low molecular weight fragments of whole sera of patients by semi-quantitative MALDI mass spectrometry in the presence of an isotopically labelled standard; electrophoretic separation of serum components in polyacrylamide gel followed by densitometry; serum analysis by HPLC-MS/MS methods) in order to determine specific proteins responsible for the development of chronic cardiac insufficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research results. Our study revealed the presence of inflammatory proteins (fibrinogen beta, haptoglobin, serotransferrin) and liver tissue (alpha-1-antitrypsin, ApoV) in the studied groups, some of which were reduced compared with the control group (ApoV, fibrinogen beta, serotransferrin, alpha-1-antitrypsin) against the background of standard therapy. HPLC-MS/MS using timsTOF Pro demonstrated more promising results. The differences between the comparison groups obtained using the "gel-based" approach (gel electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel followed by densitometry) were shown for a number of other proteins (compared with the "gel-free" approach, implying only HPLC-MS/MS, without using separation in gel), which can also be explained by limitation of each of the methods: these approaches to the study of the proteome are complementary rather than interchangeable. Conclusions.There are variations in circulating proteins in patients with cardiac insufficiency associated with differences in the pathophysiology of chronic cardiac insufficiency, which are not fully fixed by the current classification based on determining the ejection fraction. High-performance proteomic analysis methods make it possible to more accurately determine the criteria for the phenotypes of chronic cardiac insufficiency with a preserved ejection fraction and, accordingly, the mechanisms of forming the pathogenetic pathways of this condition.