bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravity
Authors: Hartle James B.
Published: September 2021

Einstein's theory of general relativity is a cornerstone of modern physics. It also touches upon a wealth of topics that students find fascinating – black holes, warped spacetime, gravitational waves, and cosmology. Now reissued by Cambridge University Press, this ground-breaking text helped to bring general relativity into the undergraduate curriculum, making it accessible to virtually all physics majors. One of the pioneers of the 'physics-first' approach to the subject, renowned relativist James B. Hartle, recognized that there is typically not enough time in a short introductory course for the traditional, mathematics-first, approach. In this text, he provides a fluent and accessible physics-first introduction to general relativity that begins with the essential physical applications and uses a minimum of new mathematics. This market-leading text is ideal for a one-semester course for undergraduates, with only introductory mechanics as a prerequisite.
The Disparities Researchers Equalizing Access for Minorities (DREAM) Scholars program: career development for underrepresented health equity researchers
Authors: Williams Lovoria B. , Surratt Hilary L. , King Victoria L. , Kern Philip A.
Published: September 2021

Diversity remains low among US colleges faculty, with only 3% identifying as Black or Hispanic. Moreover, underrepresented racial minority faculty often face unique challenges and are less likely than their white counterparts to earn higher academic rank, tenure, and funding, especially those who study health equity. We developed a novel program for health-equity focused pre-docs and junior faculty. The Disparities Researchers Equalizing Access for Minorities (DREAM) Scholars is a 24-month career development program led by the Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS) that provides pilot and travel funding, career development seminars, mentoring, and writing retreats. We report the outcomes of the first Scholar cohort (N = 10), pre-docs n = 6; assistant professors, n = 4; seven were Black, one Hispanic, two White, one who identified as non-binary. At the end of the program, Scholars coauthored 34 manuscripts, 9 abstracts and 8 grants. Semi-structured interviews revealed seven major program strengths: funding, support and sense of community, accountability, exposure to translational science, network expansion, and exposure to multidisciplinary peers. Scholars provided feedback useful for subsequent cohorts. The DREAM program provided accountability and fostered a sense of community, expanded professional networks and enhanced scholarly productivity. The program serves as a model for implementation throughout the CCTSs.
Universal Digital Twin - A Dynamic Knowledge Graph
Authors: Akroyd Jethro , Mosbach Sebastian , Bhave Amit , Kraft Markus
Published: September 2021

This paper introduces a dynamic knowledge-graph approach for digital twins and illustrates how this approach is by design naturally suited to realizing the vision of a Universal Digital Twin. The dynamic knowledge graph is implemented using technologies from the Semantic Web. It is composed of concepts and instances that are defined using ontologies, and of computational agents that operate on both the concepts and instances to update the dynamic knowledge graph. By construction, it is distributed, supports cross-domain interoperability, and ensures that data are connected, portable, discoverable, and queryable via a uniform interface. The knowledge graph includes the notions of a “base world” that describes the real world and that is maintained by agents that incorporate real-time data, and of “parallel worlds” that support the intelligent exploration of alternative designs without affecting the base world. Use cases are presented that demonstrate the ability of the dynamic knowledge graph to host geospatial and chemical data, control chemistry experiments, perform cross-domain simulations, and perform scenario analysis. The questions of how to make intelligent suggestions for alternative scenarios and how to ensure alignment between the scenarios considered by the knowledge graph and the goals of society are considered. Work to extend the dynamic knowledge graph to develop a digital twin of the UK to support the decarbonization of the energy system is discussed. Important directions for future research are highlighted.
Overview of SwissFEL dual-photocathode laser capabilities and perspectives for exotic FEL modes
Authors: Bettoni S. , Cavalieri A. , Dax A. , Divall E. , Hauri C. P. , Hunziker S. , Huppert M. , Kaiser M. , Paraliev M. , Sydlo C. , Vicario C. , Trisorio A.
Published: September 2021

SwissFEL is a compact, high-brilliance, soft and hard X-ray free electron laser (FEL) facility that started user operation in 2019. The facility is composed of two parallel beam lines seeded by a common linear accelerator (LINAC), and a two-bunch photo-injector. For the injector, an innovative dual-photocathode laser scheme has been developed based on state-of-the-art ytterbium femtosecond laser systems. In this paper, we describe the performance of the SwissFEL photocathode drive lasers (PCDLs), the pulse-shaping capabilities as well as the versatility of the systems, which allow many different modes of operation of SwissFEL. The full control over the SwissFEL electron bunch properties via the unique architecture of the PCDLs will enable in the future the advent of more-advanced FEL modes; these modes include, but are not restricted to, the generation of single or trains of sub-femtosecond FEL pulses, multi-color FEL and finally, the generation of fully coherent X-ray pulses via laser-based seeding.
Free-surface disturbances due to the submersion of a cylindrical obstacle
Authors: Martín Pardo R. , Nedić J.
Published: September 2021

We explore the initial perturbations that form on a liquid free surface as a result of the submersion of a circular cylinder beneath the surface, a scenario that arises in a number of diverse applications. The behaviour of the free surface is determined by transforming the equations of motion of the system via the Wehausen scheme, to variables for the free surface. A small-time series expansion is utilized to construct a recursive scheme that can be implemented numerically, and the time frame over which this approximation is valid is analysed. The resulting numerical model allows one to extend the results in the literature to study arbitrary cylinder sizes, including those where the cylinder is close to the free surface, and arbitrary cylinder motions. Of particular interest in this study was identifying the conditions under which strong jets would appear, and those were the free surface exhibited gravity waves. The formation of a central jet is found to be related to the growth of secondary, nonlinear waves, which rapidly merge as the obstacle is submerged. Classification maps are presented as a function of obstacle size and submersion speed, to identify the conditions which lead to jetting. Furthermore, the acceleration profile of the cylinder is shown to significantly affect the conditions under which jets form, which we argue is due to the rate at which energy is injected into the system.
Optimal energy growth in pulsatile channel and pipe flows
Authors: Pier Benoît , Schmid Peter J.
Published: September 2021

Pulsatile channel and pipe flows constitute a fundamental flow configuration with significant bearing on many applications in the engineering and medical sciences. Rotating machinery, hydraulic pumps or cardiovascular systems are dominated by time-periodic flows, and their stability characteristics play an important role in their efficient and proper operation. While previous work has mainly concentrated on the modal, harmonic response to an oscillatory or pulsatile base flow, this study employs a direct–adjoint optimisation technique to assess short-term instabilities, identify transient energy-amplification mechanisms and determine their prevalence within a wide parameter space. At low pulsation amplitudes, the transient dynamics is found to be similar to that resulting from the equivalent steady parabolic flow profile, and the oscillating flow component appears to have only a weak effect. After a critical pulsation amplitude is surpassed, linear transient growth is shown to increase exponentially with the pulsation amplitude and to occur mainly during the slow part of the pulsation cycle. In this latter regime, a detailed analysis of the energy transfer mechanisms demonstrates that the huge linear transient growth factors are the result of an optimal combination of Orr mechanism and intracyclic normal-mode growth during half a pulsation cycle. Two-dimensional sinuous perturbations are favoured in channel flow, while pipe flow is dominated by helical perturbations. An extensive parameter study is presented that tracks these flow features across variations in the pulsation amplitude, Reynolds and Womersley numbers, perturbation wavenumbers and imposed time horizon.
Polarization of public trust in scientists between 1978 and 2018
Authors: Li Nan , Qian Yachao
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The U.S. public’s trust in scientists reached a new high in 2019 despite the collision of science and politics witnessed by the country. This study examines the cross-decade shift in public trust in scientists by analyzing General Social Survey data (1978–2018) using interpretable machine learning algorithms. The results suggest a polarization of public trust as political ideology made an increasingly important contribution to predicting trust over time. Compared with previous decades, many conservatives started to lose trust in scientists completely between 2008 and 2018. Although the marginal importance of political ideology in contributing to trust was greater than that of party identification, it was secondary to that of education and race in 2018. We discuss the practical implications and lessons learned from using machine learning algorithms to examine public opinion trends.
Riemannian approximation in Carnot groups
Authors: Domokos András , Manfredi Juan J. , Ricciotti Diego
Published: September 2021

We present self-contained proofs of the stability of the constants in the volume doubling property and the Poincaré and Sobolev inequalities for Riemannian approximations in Carnot groups. We use an explicit Riemannian approximation based on the Lie algebra structure that is suited for studying nonlinear subelliptic partial differential equations. Our approach is independent of the results obtained in [11].
Activity and foraging behaviour of the hoverflyEristalinus aeneus(Scopoli, 1763) in protected cultivation of mango (Mangifera indicaL.)
Authors: Sánchez M. , Velásquez Y. , González M. , Cuevas J.
Published: September 2021

The hoverflyEristalinus aeneusis an important pollinator of crops and wild plants. However, there is a lack of detailed information about its foraging behaviour and its potential as a managed pollinator of mango. Given the growing economic importance of protected cultivation of mango, our aim is to study the flight activity and foraging behaviour ofE. aeneuson this crop.Eristalinus aeneusdisplayed a bimodal daily activity, with peaks during mid-morning and mid-afternoon. The activity was maintained over a wide range of temperature (from 17.8 up to 37.4°C), light intensity (from 8.2 up to 57.4 klux) and relative humidity (from 19.0 up to 88.8%). The syrphids were active most of the time in this crop, and we observed five different types of activity: foraging (67%), resting (17%), flying (10%), grooming (4%) and walking (2%). This hoverfly visited hermaphrodite flowers more often than male flowers. On average, it visited 36.46 ± 13.92 flowers per 5 min, with a higher number of floral visits for nectar feeding. The duration of the visits to hermaphrodite and male flowers was similar but pollen-feeding visits lasted longer (6.44 s per flower) than nectar-feeding ones (5.51 s per flower). The highest number of visits to mango inflorescences was observed during the morning, but the longest visits occurred at midday. The implication of these results for the potential use ofE. aeneusas a managed pollinator in protected cultivation of mango is discussed.
Credit Ratings and Corporate Information Production: Evidence from Sovereign Downgrades
Authors: Wang Daisy (Sicong) , Xie Wensi
Published: September 2021

Exploiting exogenous variations in corporate ratings due to sovereign credit downgrades and sovereign ceiling policies, we assess how firms respond to a reduction in credit ratings. We find that firms bounded by the sovereign ceiling significantly increase information production in response to a sovereign downgrade. The effects are stronger for firms relying more heavily on external finance and operating in a more opaque environment. Enhanced information production, in turn, affects firms’ subsequent access to bond markets. These findings suggest that firms actively manage information environments to maintain access to public debt markets.
‘With’ Not ‘for’: An Alternative Reading of Paul's Use of Psalm 68.10b OG in Romans 15.3
Authors: Hall Josiah D.
Published: September 2021

This article demonstrates that Paul's use of Ps 68.10b OG in Rom 15.3 makes sense of the psalm's context, fits with the parenetic rhetoric of Paul's argument in 14.1–15.6 and necessitates Paul's justification in 15.4 of his use of Scripture. Citing Ps 68.10b because the δυνατοί (15.1) face actual reproaches for accommodating to the ἀδύνατοι's convictions, Paul grounds the call to bear these reproaches in emulating Christ's devotion to God, not his vicarious suffering. The focus on allegiance to God orients the δυνατοί towards the one who can then enable them to counter-culturally endure shame with fellow members of God's household.
Imperfect Solutions to the Neoliberal Problem of Public Aging: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Public Narratives of Long-Term Residential Care
Authors: El-Bialy Rowan , Funk Laura , Thompson Genevieve , Smith Malcolm , St John Philip , Roger Kerstin , Penner Jamie , Luo Hai
Published: September 2021

Public representations of long-term residential care (LTRC) facilities have received limited focus in Canada, although literature from other countries indicates that public perceptions of LTRC tend to be negative, particularly in contexts that prioritize aging and dying in place. Using Manitoba as the study context, we investigate a question of broad relevance to the Canadian perspective; specifically, what are current public perceptions of the role and function of long-term care in the context of a changing health care system? Through critical discourse analysis, we identify four overarching discourses dominating public perceptions of LTRC: the problem of public aging, LTRC as an imperfect solution to the problem, LTRC as ambiguous social spaces, and LTRC as a last resort option. Building on prior theoretical work, we suggest that public perceptions of LTRC are informed by neoliberal discourses that privilege individual responsibility and problematize public care.
China and international law: Two tales of an encounter
Authors: d’Aspremont Jean , Zhang Binxin
Published: September 2021

This article examines how the encounter between China and international law is narrated in the English-speaking and Chinese literature and sheds light on the politics thereof. It particularly shows that the English-speaking and Chinese-speaking literature diverge as to the order of meaning in which the encounter between China and international law is registered. It demonstrates that the divergences between these bodies of literature are everything but innocent.
An ancient debate on urban renewal and built heritage: Dio Chrysostom and the city of Prusa
Authors: Siwicki Christopher
Published: September 2021

Scholarship on architecture and urbanism in antiquity has focused on building activity and investment in the fabric of cities as positive processes, typically starting from the assumption that such developments were welcomed by inhabitants – but were they? This article examines objections to urban renewal and the construction of monumental public building in the Roman world. Specifically, it focuses on the city of Prusa and the controversy surrounding the renovation of its civic centre by the local politician Dio Chrysostom in the early 2nd century AD. Using speeches and letters written at the time, the article presents both a new interpretation of this specific episode and brings to the fore the rarely articulated and yet highly controversial nature of building projects that are traditionally thought of as being beneficial. In the conclusion, we also see how this example contributes to research on the issue of heritage as a pre-modern phenomenon.
Social Cognition and Social Functioning in MCI and Dementia in an Epidemiological Sample
Authors: Eramudugolla Ranmalee , Huynh Katharine , Zhou Shally , Amos Jessica G. , Anstey Kaarin J.
Published: September 2021

Objective:

Social cognition is impaired in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, its relationship to social functioning and perceived social support has yet to be explored. Here, we examine how theory of mind (ToM) relates to social functioning in MCI and dementia.

Methods:

Older adults (cognitively normal = 1272; MCI = 132; dementia = 23) from the PATH Through Life project, a longitudinal, population-based study, were assessed on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), measures of social functioning, and social well-being. The associations between RMET performance, social functioning, and cognitive status were analysed using generalised linear models, adjusting for demographic variables.

Results:

Participants with MCI (b=−.52, 95% CI [−.70, −.33]) and dementia (b=−.78, 95% CI [−1.22, −.34]) showed poorer RMET performance than cognitively normal participants. Participants with MCI and dementia reported reduced social network size (b=−.21, 95% CI [−.40, −.02] and b=−.90, 95% CI [−1.38, −.42], respectively) and participants with dementia reported increased loneliness (b = .36, 95% CI [.06, .67]). In dementia, poorer RMET performance was associated with increased loneliness (b=−.07, 95% CI [−.14, −.00]) and a trend for negative interactions with partners (b=−.37, 95% CI [−.74, .00]), but no significant associations were found in MCI.

Conclusions:

MCI and dementia were associated with poor self-reported social function. ToM deficits were related to poor social function in dementia but not MCI. Findings highlight the importance of interventions to address social cognitive deficits in persons with dementia and education of support networks to facilitate positive interactions and social well-being.
A Comparison of Functional Abilities in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Parkinson’s Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Multiple Assessment Methods
Authors: Schmitter-Edgecombe Maureen , McAlister Courtney , Greeley David
Published: September 2021

Objective:

This study used multiple assessment methods to examine instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) performance in individuals with Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) compared to individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively healthy older adults (HOA). Associations between functional performance and cognition were also examined.

Methods:

Eighteen individuals with PD-MCI, 48 individuals with MCI, and 66 HOAs were assessed with multiple IADL measures, including direct observation, a performance-based measure, and self- and informant-report questionnaires. Performance on the direct-observation measure was further characterized by coding for four error types: omissions, substitutions, and inefficient and irrelevant/off-task actions.

Results:

Both the PD-MCI and MCI groups performed more poorly on the overall score for all IADL measures relative to HOAs. Although the PD-MCI and MCI groups did not differ in overall performance, on the direct-observation measure, the PD-MCI group took longer and made more inefficient and irrelevant/off-task errors relative to the HOA and MCI groups, whereas the MCI group made more omission and substitution errors relative to HOAs. Further, the pattern of cognitive correlates that associated most strongly with the functional measures varied across groups and functional assessment methods.

Conclusion:

Compared to HOAs, PD-MCI and MCI groups demonstrated increased difficulties performing everyday activities, and cognitive and motor abilities differentially contributed to the everyday task difficulties of these two groups.
A Note on Sufi Snakes and Ladders
Authors: TOPSFIELD ANDREW
Published: September 2021

This article discusses a number of nineteenth century playing boards for the Sufi form of the traditional Indian board game of gyān caupar̩ (the Chaupar of Gnosis), from which modern Snakes and Ladders derives. Usually comprising 100 squares inscribed in Persian, the playing area conducts the players hazardously upward from lower spiritual states to the final goal of heaven, according to the throw of dice and sudden demotions or promotions through snakes or ladders. Most surviving examples are held in British collections, including that of the Royal Asiatic Society. Detailed attention is given to a unique, expanded version of the standard Sufi board which came to light a few years ago. Innovative and elaborate in its structure, method of play and nomenclature, it seems however to have been a late and short-lived experiment.
On the Origins of the Shrine of ‘Abd al-Samad in Natanz: The Case for a Revised Chronology
Authors: McCLARY RICHARD , GRBANOVIC ANA MARIJA
Published: September 2021

This article proposes a re-examination of the phases of construction and decoration at the shrine of ‘Abd al-Samad in Natanz and demonstrates that the core fabric and elements of architectural revetments of the shrine are datable to the Seljuq period (431-590/1040-1194), or slightly later. The structure was repurposed and redecorated, including the addition of extensive lustre tiles and stucco, for ‘Abd al-Samad by Zayn al-Din al-Mastari in the early years of the fourteenth century in a series of separate phases. Particular attention is focused on the nature of the original decoration of the shrine, revealed beneath the mortar which held the, now largely removed, Ilkhanid tilework in place. Scrutiny of the decorative interventions illustrates that the application of lustre revetments in the shrine also determined a major change of the function of the monument, from a simple burial structure into a pilgrimage centre in its own right.
Diversified firms: existence and behaviors
Authors: Wernerfelt Birger
Published: September 2021

We propose a micro-founded theory of diversified firms. The theory suggests that diversified firms exist because they allow better deployment of factors that, because of sub-additive contracting costs, are hard to trade in fractions. Firms diversify into industries in which these factors are more productive than any alternatives available in the factor market. Like markets, diversified firms allow specialization by enabling factors to be used on a larger scale. The individual businesses making up a diversified firm exhibit specific similarities in behavior.
Subjects, Subjectivities, and Slavic Studies: A Design for Anti-Racist Pedagogy
Authors: Krafft Erin Katherine
Published: September 2021

Folding together elements of anti-oppressive pedagogies and collaborative curriculum design, this contribution illuminates several possibilities for practicing anti-racism in the classroom while working with texts from Russian literature and history that do not necessarily center race. The identities and experiences of our students and ourselves, as well as the diverse forces that act upon us, are as important in the classroom as the texts in front of us, because our identities and experiences form the lens through which we interpret and interrogate. By framing this dynamic as a pedagogical tool, this contribution demonstrates that by engaging with Russian history and literature, students may gain critical perspectives on hierarchies of race, class, gender, and nation in their own lives and contexts while simultaneously discovering histories that they would not otherwise encounter, thereby broadening and deepening their sense of both global and national landscapes and their own positions and movements within them.
A Sphinx upon the Dnieper: Black Modernism and the Yiddish Translation of Race
Authors: Rosenblatt Eli
Published: September 2021

This article examines the context and content of the 1936 Soviet Yiddish publication ofNeger-Dikhtung in Amerike, which remains to this day the most extensive anthology of African-Diasporic poetry in Yiddish translation. The collection included a critical introduction and translations of nearly one hundred individual poems by twenty-nine poets, both men and women, from across the United States and the Caribbean. This article examines the anthology's position amongst different notions of “the folk” in Soviet Yiddish folkloristics and the relationship of these ideas to Yiddish-language discourse about race and racism, the writings of James Weldon Johnson and W.E.B. Du Bois, with whom Magidoff corresponded, and the Yiddish modernist poetry of Shmuel Halkin, who edited the book series in which the anthology appears. When placed alongside Du Bois's and others’ visits to the Soviet Union in the 1930s, the appearance of African-American and Caribbean poetry in Yiddish translation shows how a transatlantic Jewish avant-garde interpreted and embedded itself within Soviet-African-American cultural exchange in the interwar years. Magidoff served as a Soviet correspondent for NBC and the Associated Press from 1935. He was accused of espionage and expelled from the USSR in 1948.
A Cold War Cold Case: What Huldah Clark Can Teach Us about Teaching Soviet History
Authors: O'Keeffe Brigid
Published: September 2021

This short article reconstructs the forgotten story of Huldah Clark, a Black American teenager who studied in Moscow in the years 1961–1964 on a scholarship offered her by Nikita Khrushchev. It deploys her story to explore the complexities of Cold War racial politics and how ordinary people mobilized the superpowers’ competing slogans in creative ways. It shows how ordinary Black Americans found hope and even tangible support in Khrushchev's Soviet Union as they struggled for civil rights at home and sought avenues for asserting Black power and anti-racist protest on the global stage. Whereas the historiography on Black American sojourners to the USSR has focused on the interwar period, this article shows how the avowed Soviet commitment to racial equality and global anti-racism still had the power to inspire ordinary Black Americans in their struggle against Jim Crow and in their global pursuit of Black liberation.
Rereading Russia through the Contact Zone of HBCUs
Authors: Cummings Kelly Knickmeier , Lugo de Fabritz B. Amarilis
Published: September 2021

This article examines contributions Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have made and continue to make to the interdisciplinary fabric of Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies (REEES). HBCUs are a uniquely American phenomenon and reminders of the history of enslavement and segregation in the United States. But HBCUs are also vibrant intellectual contact zones, which Mary Louise Pratt defines as “social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power.” Contact zones result in intercultural competencies, multilingualism, new methodologies, and critical reassessments. Faculty and alumni have described the extent to which HBCUs function as cultural and discursive sanctuaries. As such, HBCUs are places where legally, culturally, and racially segregated communities develop(ed) alternate ways to engage, experience, and (re)envision “Russia.”
Coaching für Lernberater und Lerncoachs
Authors: Holtschmidt Ilona
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung. Lernberater, Lerncoachs und Lehrende, die Aufgaben als Berater übernehmen, sind immer wieder mit der Frage konfrontiert, was von ihnen in ihrer (neuen) Rolle als Berater erwartet wird und was ihnen selbst in ihrer Berater-Rolle wichtig ist. Der Artikel gibt Impulse für die Rollenfindung und Rollenklarheit, welche Anforderungen und potenziellen Konflikte mit der Berater-Rolle verbunden sind und wie ein Coaching-Angebot die Rollenfindung unterstützen kann.
Characterization of Magnetic Mineral Assemblages in Clinkers: Potential Tools for Full Vector Paleomagnetic Studies
Authors: Sprain Courtney J. , Feinberg Joshua M. , Lamers Riley , Bono Richard K.
Published: September 2021

High‐quality paleointensity data are essential for improving our understanding of the geomagnetic field; however, it is challenging to find materials that reliably record full vector magnetization going back in time. Here, we examine a new candidate material for paleointensity studies: clinkers, which are rocks that have been baked, metamorphosed, or melted by underlying coal seam fires. Previous studies conducted on clinkers suggest that they may be high‐fidelity magnetic field recorders. However, due to the inhomogeneity of clinker deposits and limited scope of previous studies, it is unknown under what conditions these conclusions hold true. To better assess this, we quantified the variation of magnetic properties within clinker deposits collected from the Powder River Basin, Montana, as a function of lithology, oxidation state, distance from the coal seam, and location. Our results indicate that the clinker products contain three main magnetic minerals: magnetite, hematite, and the rare ε‐Fe2O3. Clinker lithology was found to be the primary control on magnetic mineralogy, where strongly baked sediment and porcellanite are dominated by varying proportions of hematite, ε‐Fe2O3, and magnetite, and paralavas are dominated by low‐Ti magnetite. All clinker materials are thermally stable and likely experienced temperatures in excess of the magnetite Curie temperature. Grain size analysis indicates that the magnetic particles in all clinker materials are amenable to high‐quality paleointensity study. In total, our study confirms that clinkers should be reliable full vector paleomagnetic recorders.
Impact of Source Variability and Hydrodynamic Forces on the Distribution, Transport, and Burial of Sedimentary Organic Matter in a Tropical Coastal Margin: The Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Bai Yazhi , Hu Limin , Wu Bin , Qiao Shuqing , Fan Dejiang , Liu Shengfa , Yang Gang , Liu Jihua , Kornkanitnan Narumol , Khokiattiwong Somkiat , Shi Xuefa
Published: September 2021

Carbon cycling in the tropical margin is more extensive compared with other regions of the world. The goal of this study was to better understand the origins, transport, and burial of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) in the Gulf of Thailand (GOT) from the coastal margin of Southeast (SE) Asia, which serve as a major depository of ﬁne‐grained sediments and the associated organic carbon (OC). The results revealed a variety of organic matter (OM) inputs and the selective transport of fine sediment, resulting in preferential dispersal of terrigenous SOM in the GOT. Bulk OC indices with low carbon/nitrogen ratios and enriched stable carbon isotope ratios (−24.2‰ to −20.4‰, and mean −21.4 ± 0.56‰) are likely related to the presence of marine‐derived OM and anthropogenic interference. A binary mixing model further clarified the significant contributions of terrestrial derived‐OM within the upper and central GOT. The n‐alkane compositions and principal component analysis indicated that a majority of the terrigenous SOM settles within the estuary in the upper GOT, while a selective dispersal of land‐based SOM through long‐distance transport toward the modern depocenter in the lower GOT. The characteristics of lower molecular weight n‐alkanes also suggest anthropogenic OM input from petroleum‐related contributions. Altogether, the depositional patterns and spatial heterogeneity of the SOM indicated by both the bulk and molecular signatures reveal the important roles of source variability and the selective dispersal of land‐based OM on the supply and accumulation of OC in the tropical coastal margin.
Eliminating viscosity bias in lateral flow tests
Authors: Kainz Daniel M. , Breiner Bastian J. , Früh Susanna M. , Hutzenlaub Tobias , Zengerle Roland , Paust Nils
Published: September 2021

Despite the widespread application of point-of-care lateral flow tests, the viscosity dependence of these assay results remains a significant challenge. Here, we employ centrifugal microfluidic flow control through the nitrocellulose membrane of the strip to eliminate the viscosity bias. The key feature is the balancing of the sample flow into the cassette of the lateral flow test with the air flow out of the cassette. A viscosity-independent flow rate of 3.01 ± 0.18 µl/min (±6%) is demonstrated for samples with viscosities ranging from 1.1 mPas to 24 mPas, a factor greater than 20. In a model human IgG lateral flow assay, signal-intensity shifts caused by varying the sample viscosity from 1.1 mPas to 2.3 mPas could be reduced by more than 84%.
LGR6 activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and forms a β-catenin/TCF7L2/LGR6 feedback loop in LGR6high cervical cancer stem cells
Authors: Feng Qian , Li Shan , Ma Hong-Mei , Yang Wen-Ting , Zheng Peng-Sheng
Published: September 2021

The leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 6 (LGR6) is considered to be a stem cell marker in many normal tissues and promotes tissue development, regeneration, and repair. LGR6 is also related to the initiation and progression of some malignant tumors. However, the role of LGR6 in cervical cancer has not been reported. Here, immunohistochemistry and western blotting showed that LGR6 was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer, compared with the normal cervix. By analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas database, LGR6 was found to be correlated with a poor prognosis of cervical cancer. Then, a small population of LGR6high cells isolated by using the fluorescence-activated cell sorting exhibited enhanced properties of cancer stem cells including self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity. Moreover, RNA sequencing revealed that LGR6 was correlated with the Wnt signaling pathway and TOP/FOP, reverse transcription-PCR, and western blotting further proved that LGR6 could activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Interestingly, LGR6 upregulated the expression of TCF7L2 by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Then, TCF7L2 combining with β-catenin in the nucleus enhanced LGR6 transcription by binding the promoter of LGR6, which further activated the Wnt signaling to form a positive feedback loop. Thus, our study demonstrated that LGR6 activated a novel β-catenin/TCF7L2/LGR6-positive feedback loop in LGR6high cervical cancer stem cells (CSCs), which provided a new therapeutic strategy for targeting cervical CSCs to improve the prognosis of cervical cancer patients.
Subthalamic and pallidal deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease—meta-analysis of outcomes
Authors: Lachenmayer M. Lenard , Mürset Melina , Antih Nicolas , Debove Ines , Muellner Julia , Bompart Maëlys , Schlaeppi Janine-Ai , Nowacki Andreas , You Hana , Michelis Joan P. , Dransart Alain , Pollo Claudio , Deuschl Guenther , Krack Paul
Published: September 2021

Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become an established treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD), a recent meta-analysis of outcomes is lacking. To address this gap, we performed a meta-analysis of bilateral STN- and GPi-DBS studies published from 1990-08/2019. Studies with ≥10 subjects reporting Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III motor scores at baseline and 6–12 months follow-up were included. Several outcome variables were analyzed and adverse events (AE) were summarized. 39 STN studies (2035 subjects) and 5 GPi studies (292 subjects) were eligible. UPDRS-II score after surgery in the stimulation-ON/medication-OFF state compared to preoperative medication-OFF state improved by 47% with STN-DBS and 18.5% with GPi-DBS. UPDRS-III score improved by 50.5% with STN-DBS and 29.8% with GPi-DBS. STN-DBS improved dyskinesia by 64%, daily OFF time by 69.1%, and quality of life measured by PDQ-39 by 22.2%, while Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dose (LEDD) was reduced by 50.0%. For GPi-DBS information regarding dyskinesia, OFF time, PDQ-39 and LEDD was insufficient for further analysis. Correlation analysis showed that preoperative L-dopa responsiveness was highly predictive of the STN-DBS motor outcome across all studies. Most common surgery-related AE were infection (5.1%) and intracranial hemorrhage (3.1%). Despite a series of technological advances, outcomes of modern surgery are still comparable with those of the early days of DBS. Recent changes in target selection with a preference of GPi in elderly patients with cognitive deficits and more psychiatric comorbidities require more published data for validation.
Formation of spermatogonia and fertile oocytes in golden hamsters requires piRNAs
Authors: Loubalova Zuzana , Fulka Helena , Horvat Filip , Pasulka Josef , Malik Radek , Hirose Michiko , Ogura Atsuo , Svoboda Petr
Published: September 2021

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) support the germline by suppressing retrotransposons. Studies of the pathway in mice have strongly shaped the view that mammalian piRNAs are essential for male but not for female fertility. Here, we report that the role of the piRNA pathway substantially differs in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), the piRNA pathway setup of which more closely resembles that of other mammals, including humans. The loss of the Mov10l1 RNA helicase—an essential piRNA biogenesis factor—leads to striking phenotypes in both sexes. In contrast to mice, female Mov10l1–/– hamsters are sterile because their oocytes do not sustain zygotic development. Furthermore, Mov10l1–/– male hamsters have impaired establishment of spermatogonia accompanied by transcriptome dysregulation and an expression surge of a young retrotransposon subfamily. Our results show that the mammalian piRNA pathway has essential roles in both sexes and its adaptive nature allows it to manage emerging genomic threats and acquire new critical roles in the germline.
Automated predictive analytics tool for rainfall forecasting
Authors: Raval Maulin , Sivashanmugam Pavithra , Pham Vu , Gohel Hardik , Kaushik Ajeet , Wan Yun
Published: September 2021

Australia faces a dryness disaster whose impact may be mitigated by rainfall prediction. Being an incredibly challenging task, yet accurate prediction of rainfall plays an enormous role in policy making, decision making and organizing sustainable water resource systems. The ability to accurately predict rainfall patterns empowers civilizations. Though short-term rainfall predictions are provided by meteorological systems, long-term prediction of rainfall is challenging and has a lot of factors that lead to uncertainty. Historically, various researchers have experimented with several machine learning techniques in rainfall prediction with given weather conditions. However, in places like Australia where the climate is variable, finding the best method to model the complex rainfall process is a major challenge. The aim of this paper is to: (a) predict rainfall using machine learning algorithms and comparing the performance of different models. (b) Develop an optimized neural network and develop a prediction model using the neural network (c) to do a comparative study of new and existing prediction techniques using Australian rainfall data. In this paper, rainfall data collected over a span of ten years from 2007 to 2017, with the input from 26 geographically diverse locations have been used to develop the predictive models. The data was divided into training and testing sets for validation purposes. The results show that both traditional and neural network-based machine learning models can predict rainfall with more precision.
Muographic monitoring of hydrogeomorphic changes induced by post-eruptive lahars and erosion of Sakurajima volcano
Authors: Oláh László , Tanaka Hiroyuki K. M. , Hamar Gergő
Published: September 2021

Post-eruptive destabilization of volcanic edifices by gravity driven debris flows or erosion can catastrophically impact the landscapes, economies and human societies surrounding active volcanoes. In this work, we propose cosmic-ray muon imaging (muography) as a tool for the remote monitoring of hydrogeomorphic responses to volcano landscape disturbances. We conducted the muographic monitoring of Sakurajima volcano, Kyushu, Japan and measured continuous post-eruptive activity with over 30 lahars per year. The sensitive surface area of the Multi-Wire-Proportional-Chamber-based Muography Observation System was upgraded to 7.67 m$$^2$$

2

; this made it possible for the density of tephra within the crater region to be measured in 40 days. We observed the muon flux decrease from 10 to 40% through the different regions of the crater from September 2019 to October 2020 due to the continuous deposition of tephra fallouts. In spite of the long-term mass increase, significant mass decreases were also observed after the onsets of rain-triggered lahars that induced the erosion of sedimented tephra. The first muographic observation of these post-eruptive phenomena demonstrate that this passive imaging technique has the potential to contribute to the assessment of indirect volcanic hazards.
Superior tunable photocatalytic properties for water splitting in two dimensional GeC/SiC van der Waals heterobilayers
Authors: Islam Md. Rasidul , Islam Md. Sherajul , Mitul Abu Farzan , Mojumder Md. Rayid Hasan , Islam A. S. M. Jannatul , Stampfl Catherine , Park Jeongwon
Published: September 2021

The photocatalytic characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) GeC-based van der Waals heterobilayers (vdW-HBL) are systematically investigated to determine the amount of hydrogen (H2) fuel generated by water splitting. We propose several vdW-HBL structures consisting of 2D-GeC and 2D-SiC with exceptional and tunable optoelectronic properties. The structures exhibit a negative interlayer binding energy and non-negative phonon frequencies, showing that the structures are dynamically stable. The electronic properties of the HBLs depend on the stacking configuration, where the HBLs exhibit direct bandgap values of 1.978 eV, 2.278 eV, and 2.686 eV. The measured absorption coefficients for the HBLs are over ~ 105 cm−1, surpassing the prevalent conversion efficiency of optoelectronic materials. In the absence of external strain, the absorption coefficient for the HBLs reaches around 1 × 106 cm−1. With applied strain, absorption peaks are increased to ~ 3.5 times greater in value than the unstrained HBLs. Furthermore, the HBLs exhibit dynamically controllable bandgaps via the application of biaxial strain. A decrease in the bandgap occurs for both the HBLs when applied biaxial strain changes from the compressive to tensile strain. For + 4% tensile strain, the structure I become unsuitable for photocatalytic water splitting. However, in the biaxial strain range of − 6% to + 6%, both structure II and structure III have a sufficiently higher kinetic potential for demonstrating photocatalytic water-splitting activity in the region of UV to the visible in the light spectrum. These promising properties obtained for the GeC/SiC vdW heterobilayers suggest an application of the structures could boost H2fuel production via water splitting.
A laser-induced graphene electrochemical immunosensor for label-free CEA monitoring in serum
Authors: Wang Guangyuan , Chen Jiayi , Huang Lu , Chen Yiting , Li Yanxia
Published: September 2021

The constructed immunosensor shows high sensitivity with a good response in the range of low concentrations, high selectivity, and can be applied in a bovine serum solution environment without the need for labelling and pretreatment.
A full spectral analysis method for the gamma spectrum: weighted library least squares
Authors: Sun AiYun , Jia WenBao , Hei DaQian , Qiu MengCheng , Cheng Can , Li JiaTong
Published: September 2021

An algebraic weighted library least squares method for gamma spectrum analysis is proven to make the analytical results more stable.
Correction: A novel method for the rapid sensing of H2O2 using a colorimetric AuNP probe and its DFT study
Authors: Borah Nirangkush , Boruah Purna K. , Kalita Amlan Jyoti , Guha Ankur K. , Das Manash R. , Tamuly Chandan
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘A novel method for the rapid sensing of H2O2 using a colorimetric AuNP probe and its DFT study’ by Nirangkush Borah et al., Anal. Methods, 2021, 13, 2055–2065, DOI: 10.1039/D1AY00355K.
Thiophene-fused boracycles as photoactive analogues of diboraanthracenes
Authors: Sa Shreenibasa , Murali Anna Chandrasekar , Nayak Prakash , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan
Published: September 2021

Photoactive thiophene-fused boracycle analogues of diboraanthracenes.
Ag6Cl4: the first silver chloride with rare Ag6clusters from anab initiostudy
Authors: Derzsi Mariana , Uhliar Matej , Tokár Kamil
Published: September 2021

The first diamagnetic semiconducting silver subhalide, Ag6Cl4, containing rare Ag6clusters and an impressively large insulating bandgap has been predicted employing density functional theory.
Pd-catalysed general access to 7-membered N/O-heterocyclic compounds as potential agents against inflammation
Authors: Thirupataiah B. , Reddy Gangireddy Sujeevan , Mounika Guntipally , Kumar Jetta Sandeep , Hossain Kazi Amirul , Mudgal Jayesh , Mathew Jessy E. , Shenoy Gautham G. , Rajadurai Marina , Parsa Kishore V. L. , Pal Manojit
Published: September 2021

A Pd-catalysed regioselective synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted 7-membered N/O-heterocycles was achieved via the 7-endo-dig cyclization followed by C–C bond formation of 2-(1-alkynyl)phenylacetamide.
Oxygen vacancy induced electron traps in tungsten doped Bi2MoO6 for enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Sun Chang , Zhao Zitong , Fan Hougang , Chen Yanli , Liu Xiaoyan , Cao Jian , Lang Jihui , Wei Maobin , Liu Huilian , Yang Lili
Published: September 2021

As the concentration of the W dopant increased in the Bi2Mo1−xWxO6 nanosheets, the density of the oxygen vacancies became higher, which served as electron trap centers to lower the recombination rate and enhance the photocatalytic performance.
Stabilization of liquid active guests via nanoconfinement into a flexible microporous metal–organic framework
Authors: Mazzeo Paolo P. , Balestri Davide , Bacchi Alessia , Pelagatti Paolo
Published: September 2021

The nanoconfinement of the three liquid guests within a MOF has been fully investigated in terms of host–guest interactions and framework rearrangement.
Fabrication of a 2 inch free standing porous GaN crystal film and application in the growth of relaxed crack-free thick GaN
Authors: Liu Lei , Yu Ruixian , Wang Guodong , Xu Mingsheng , Wang Shouzhi , Xiao Hongdi , Hu Xiaobo , Zhang Lei , Xu Xiangang
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the fabrication of a 2 inch free standing porous GaN crystal film and the application in the growth of relaxed crack-free thick GaN.
Phase diagram exploration of Tc–Al–B: from bulk Tc2AlB2 to two-dimensional Tc2B2
Authors: Zhang Heng , Wang Junjie , Khazaei Mohammad , Guégan Frédéric , Frapper Gilles
Published: September 2021

By a combination of an evolutionary algorithm and DFT calculations, P1̄ Al7B15, Cmcm TcAl2, C2 TcAl3 and Cmmm Tc2AlB2 were discovered in the Tc–Al–B phase diagram. A tetragonal 2D Tc2B2 structure was theoretically exfoliated from Cmmm Tc2AlB2.
Origin of asynchronicity in Diels–Alder reactions
Authors: Vermeeren Pascal , Hamlin Trevor A. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias
Published: September 2021

Quantum chemical activation strain analyses reveal that asynchronicity in Diels–Alder reactions reduces both destabilizing Pauli repulsion as well as stabilizing orbital interactions, and occurs if the former dominates.
Tailoring the catalytic performance of single platinum anchored on graphene by vacancy engineering for propane dehydrogenation: a theoretical study
Authors: Zhai Ziwei , Zhang Bofeng , Wang Li , Zhang Xiangwen , Liu Guozhu
Published: September 2021

Single platinum anchored on graphene by vacancy engineering for propane dehydrogenation.