bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Altered microbial community structure and metabolism in cow’s milk allergic mice treated with oral immunotherapy and fructo-oligosaccharides
Authors: Vonk M.M. , Engen P.A. , Naqib A. , Green S.J. , Keshavarzian A. , Blokhuis B.R.J. , Garssen J. , Knippels L.M.J. , van Esch B.C.A.M.
Published: December 2019

Previously, we showed enhanced efficacy of oral immunotherapy (OIT) using fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS, prebiotics) added to the diet of cow’s milk allergic mice indicated by a reduction in clinical symptoms and mast cell degranulation. Prebiotics are fermented by gut bacteria, affecting both bacterial composition and availability of metabolites (i.e. short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)). It is thus far unknown which microbial alterations are involved in successful outcomes of OIT with prebiotic supplementation for the treatment of food allergy. To explore potential changes in the microbiota composition and availability of SCFA induced by OIT+FOS. C3H/HeOuJ mice were sensitised and received OIT with or without a FOS supplemented diet. After three weeks, faecal samples were collected to analyse gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. SCFA concentrations were determined in cecum content. FOS supplementation in sensitised mice changed the overall microbial community structure in faecal samples compared to sensitised mice fed the control diet (P=0.03). In contrast, a high level of resemblance in bacterial community structure was observed between the non-sensitised control mice and the OIT+FOS treated mice. OIT mice showed an increased relative abundance of the dysbiosis-associated phylum Proteobacteria compared to the OIT+FOS mice. FOS supplementation increased the relative abundance of genus Allobaculum (Firmicutes), putative butyrate-producing bacteria. OIT+FOS reduced the abundances of the genera’s unclassified Rikenellaceae (Bacteroidetes, putative pro-inflammatory bacteria) and unclassified Clostridiales (Firmicutes) compared to sensitised controls and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus (Firmicutes, putative beneficial bacteria) compared to FOS. OIT+FOS mice had increased butyric acid and propionic acid concentrations. OIT+FOS induced a microbial profile closely linked to non-allergic mice and increased concentrations of butyric acid and propionic acid. Future research should confirm whether there is a causal relationship between microbial modulation and the reduction in acute allergic symptoms induced by OIT+FOS.
Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 promotes renal tubular regeneration in pyelonephritic rats
Authors: Prasetyo R.V. , Surono I. , Soemyarso N.A. , Djojodimedjo T. , Rauf S. , Noer M.S. , Sudarmo S.M.
Published: December 2019

Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 is a novel probiotic isolated from Indonesian traditional fermented buffalo milk dadih. Probiotics are clinically proven to be effective in accelerating recovery after urinary tract infection (UTI) and in decreasing recurrent UTI in children with or without structural disorders of the urinary tract. This study aimed to investigate the role of the probiotic L. plantarum IS-10506 in activating and regenerating renal epithelial stem cells in pyelonephritic rats. Fifty-five 20-weeks-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treatment (LPS and probiotic) groups. Pyelonephritis was induced with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 LPS administered via a urethral catheter on the first experimental day to the LPS and treatment groups. Microencapsulated L. plantarum IS-10506 was orally administered once daily for up to 14 days to the treatment group. On days 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14, five rats per group were sacrificed and their kidneys were immunohistochemically analysed for production of interleukin (IL)-10, lipocalin-2 and Ki-67 in the renal tubular cells. IL-10 production was upregulated starting from day 3 through day 14 in the treatment group (P<0.05) compared with that in the control and LPS groups. Moreover, treatment with the probiotic led to increased activation of renal tubular stem cell, as indicated by a higher lipocalin-2 production, and further proliferation of renal tubular stem cells was documented by a higher Ki-67 production. Taken together, these results indicate that the anti-inflammatory probiotic L. plantarum IS-10506 improves renal injury in pyelonephritic rats by activating endogenous renal tubular stem cells to proliferate into mature renal tubular epithelial cells.
Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy in the Management of Vasomotor Disturbances and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of the Hand
Authors: Rizzo Marco , Balderson S Scott , Harpole David H , Levin L Scott
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Complex regional pain syndrome, vasospastic disorders, and Hyperhidrosis are chronic and debilitating upper extremity problems. Twenty-nine consecutive patients treated with thoracoscopic sympathectomy are presented. Diagnoses included complex regional pain syndrome, Hyperhidrosis, Buerger's disease, Raynaud's disease, and peripheral vascular disease.

All patients with hyperhidrosis had complete symptom resolution. Patients with Buerger's and Raynaud's disease had excellent/good results. Six patients with complex regional pain syndrome had excellent or good relief; the remaining six patients had varying degrees of recurrence. A statistically significant association was noted between duration of complex regional pain syndrome prior to sympathectomy and outcome.

Thoracoscopic sympathectomy is an effective treatment for hyperhidrosis and vasospastic disorders. Although the results for complex regional pain syndrome are not uniformly excellent, this technique offers promise in the treatment of this difficult problem.
Hybrid Thin Wire External Fixation: An Effective, Minimally Invasive, Modular Surgical Tool for the Stabilization of Periarticular Fractures
Authors: Lerner Alexander , Stein Haim
Published: December 2019

External fixation is the treatment of choice for various perl· articular, supracondylar, and pilon fractures. The hybrid thin wire external fixator is a modular, minimally invasive device that provides stabilization, reduces the risk of infection, and allows early loading and mobilization, which are crucial for bone healing.
A New Approach to the Treatment of Osteoporosis
Authors: Erdemli Bülent , Serin-Kiliçoglu Sibel , Erdemli Esra
Published: December 2019

abstract

Osteoporosis remains a significant clinical problem despite the availability of effective therapies. The main therapy still needed is an anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. This study examined the in vivo effect of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMC-CoA) reductase inhibitor simvastatin, which controls the first step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, on bone formation in rats. Histologic specimens were collected 7, 14, and 21 days after administration of 1 mg of simvastatin for 5 days and compared with control specimens for changes in bone tissue. The observed effects on the bone in a healthy animal model included advancement of the blood supply, acceleration of the proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells, and formation of osteoid tissue.
Refractive Lens Exchange Versus Iris-claw Artisan Phakic Intraocular Lens for Hyperopia
Authors: Pop Mihai , Payette Yves
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To study a paired-match comparison between refractive lens exchange with pseudophakic IOL implant (RLE) and Artisan phakic IOL for high hyperopia.

METHODS: Nineteen eyes (12 patients, 20 to 41 years old) with an Artisan phakic IOL (Model 203: 1.00-D increment) for hyperopia from +2.75 to +9.25 D were matched to 19 eyes (15 patients, 26 to 46 yr) with hyperopia from +2.75 to +7.50 D, who had refractive lens exchange (pseudophakic IOL implantation; lenses: 0.50-D increment). Average paired-match difference was 1.13 D and 7.7 years of age.

RESULTS: At 1 month after surgery, 84% of refractive lens exchange/pseudophakic IOL eyes and 94% of Artisan phakic IOL eyes had a spherical equivalent refraction within ±1.00 D of emmetropia; 58% and 68% of eyes, respectively, were within ±0.50 D (P=.97). No eye lost lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and no significant changes in BSCVA were found in any eye at 1 month after surgery (P=.17). The percentage of eyes with uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/40 or better improved from 79% to 89% of eyes at 1 to 2 months after phakic IOL; it remained at 89% to 82% of eyes from 1 to 2 months after refractive lens exchange/ pseudophakic IOL. The coefficient of correlation showed statistically better accuracy (intended vs. achieved refraction; P=.035) for the Artisan phakic IOL (R = 0.83) than for refractive lens exchange/ Pseudophakic IOL (R = 0.50).

CONCLUSIONS: Spherical equivalent refraction outcome and BSCVA after surgery were similar for both procedures. The Artisan phakic IOL in carefully selected patients provided a better overall outcome for young patients with high hyperopia whose accommodation was preserved, as compared to refractive lens exchange. [J Refract Surg 2004: 20:20-24]
Wavefront-guided Laser in situ Keratomileusis With the Bausch & Lomb Zyoptix System
Authors: Cosar C Banu , Saltuk Gülbin , Sener A Bozkurt
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with the Zyoptix system.

METHODS: Twelve patients (24 eyes) underwent wavefront-guided LASIK with the Bausch & Lomb Zyoptix system. Uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and manifest refraction were measured at postoperative day 1, week 1, and months 1 and 3. A subjective vision quality questionnaire evaluated light sensitivity, dryness, tearing, glare, halos, ghost images, and difficulties in night driving, preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS: Preoperatively, mean sphere was -3.70 ± 2.33 D (range -0.50 to -8.00 D), mean cylinder was -0.90 ± 0.98 D (range 0 to -3.00 D), and mean spherical equivalent refraction was -4.15 ± 2.16 D (range -1.38 to -8.25 D). Three-month postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was within ±0.50 D of emmetropia in 17 eyes (70.8%) and within ±1.00 D in 22 eyes (91.7%). At 3 months postoperatively, no eyes lost any lines of BSCVA and eight eyes (33.3%) gained 2 lines. The ratio of postoperative BSCVA to preoperative BSCVA (safety) was 1.05 ± 0.09 (range 1.00 to 1.20) at 1 month and 1.07 ± 0.10 (range 1.00 to 1.29) at 3 months. The ratio of postoperative UCVA to preoperative BSCVA (efficacy) was 0.96 ± 0.12 (range 0.80 to 1.20) at 1 month and 0.95 ± 0.12 (range 0.8 to 1.2) at 3 months. The subjective vision quality questionnaire revealed less tearing, fewer halos, and less difficulty in night driving after wavefront-guided LASIK. Comparison of higher order optical aberrations before and after surgery was not done.

CONCLUSIONS: Wavefront-guided LASIK with the Bausch & Lomb Zyoptix system was safe and effective in correcting low to moderate myopic refractive error. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:35-39]
Retreatment to Enlarge Small Excimer Laser Optical Zones Using Combined Myopic and Hyperopic Ablations
Authors: Lafond Gilles , Solomon Leon , Bonnet Sylviane
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We describe a retreatment technique using a combination of large-diameter myopic and hyperopic excimer laser ablations of a near equivalent diopter value to enlarge previous small ablation zones without altering the refractive result obtained by the initial surgery.

METHODS: Eight eyes of six patients were retreated with a Technolas Keracor 217 laser in order to enlarge the optical zone. All patients had a good refractive result after the initial surgery, but reported halos under low light conditions. Retreatment consisted of a combination of myopic and hyperopic ablations of near equivalent value, eg, -1.00 D and +1.00 D treatment. These opposite value ablations should neutralize their respective refractive effect, but by removing a larger diameter of tissue, actually displace the transition zones further toward the corneal periphery. Although the initial treatment used photorefractive keratectomy in four of the eight eyes, LASIK was used for retreatment in all eyes. Improvement was assessed subjectively by the patient and was measured objectively with a Technomed C -Scan ray-tracing program.

RESULTS: In six of eight eyes, patients experienced moderate or marked improvement. This improvement was objectively correlated on postoperative corneal topography.

CONCLUSION: Combined larger diameter myopic and hyperopic retreatment seems to be safe and effective for enlarging previous small treatment zones, reducing symptoms such as halos in selected patients. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:46-52]
Management of the Ocular Surface and Tear Film Before, During, and After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Albietz Julie M , Lenton Lee M
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To identify evidence-based, best practice strategies for managing the ocular surface and tear film before, during, and after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

METHODS: After a comprehensive review of relevant published literature, evidence-based recommendations for best practice management strategies are presented.

RESULTS: Symptoms of ocular irritation and signs of dysfunction of the integrated lacrimal gland/ocular surface functional gland unit are common before and after LASIK. The status of the ocular surface and tear film before LASIK can impact surgical outcomes in terms of potential complications during and after surgery, refractive outcome, optical quality, patient satisfaction, and the severity and duration of dry eye after LASIK. Before LASIK, the health of the ocular surface should be optimized and patients selected appropriately. Dry eye before surgery and female gender are risk factors for developing chronic dry eye after LASIK. Management of the ocular surface during LASIK can minimize ocular surface damage and the risk of adverse outcomes. Long-term management of the tear film and ocular surface after LASIK can reduce the severity and duration of dry eye symptoms and signs.

CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to manage the integrated ocular surface/lacrimal gland functional unit before, during, and after LASIK can optimize outcomes. As problems with the ocular surface and tear film are relatively common, attention should focus on the use and improvement of evidence-based management strategies. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:62-71]
Zonular Dehiscence Two Years After Phakic Refractive Lens (PRL) Implantation
Authors: Hoyos Jairo E , Cigales Melania , Hoyos-Chacón Jairo
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report two cases of zonular dehiscence two years after phakic refractive lens (PRL) implantation.

METHODS: In case 1, a 31-year-old myopic patient with refraction of -12.75 diopters (D) in the right eye and -20.50 D in the left eye, a 12 -mm white-to-white measurement, and anterior chamber depth (ACD) of 3.7 mm underwent implantation of a -11.0 D and a -15.5 D PRL-101. Two years after surgery, a temporal-superior PRL decentration was observed in the left eye. In case 2, a 48-year-old pseudophakic patient with refraction of +8 -2.5 × 20° underwent implantation of a piggyback PRL-200. Two years after surgery, an inferior PRL decentration was observed.

RESULTS: The PRL was explanted in both cases. A zonular dehiscence was found-temporal-superior in case 1 and inferior in case 2.

CONCLUSIONS: We have stopped implanting PRLs for the present time as the cause of this complication has yet to be determined. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:13-17.]
Ocular Integrity After Anterior Ciliary Sclerotomy and Scleral Ablation by the Er:YAG Laser
Authors: Ito Mitsutoshi , Asano-Kato Naoko , Fukagawa Kazumi , Arai Hiroyuki , Toda Ikuko , Tsubota Kazuo
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To establish the risk of ocular rupture after proposed surgical reversal of presbyopia by anterior ciliary sclerotomy (ACS) or by the Er:YAG laser (HOYA Continuum, Tokyo, Japan).

METHODS: A total of 45 pig eyes (15 control eyes) were examined. Fifteen eyes were placed into one of two study groups and another 15 eyes were used as controls. One group underwent scleral incisions with the use of a diamond knife, and the other group underwent Er:YAG laser scleral incisions. In both study groups, 8 radial incisions, 2 parallel cuts each at 4 quadrants, 2 mm apart, 4 mm long, and starting 2 mm away from the limbus, were made. A 3-kg steel weight was released from a measured height to the pig's eye, and ocular rupture energy (joules) was measured.

RESULTS: The mean rupture energy was 26.0 J for control eyes, 15.7 J for the ACS eyes, and 12.2 J for the Er:YAG laser eyes. The ACS and the Er:YAG laser eyes ruptured at significantly lower energies (ACS, P<.001; ER;YAG, P<.001) than the control eyes. Comparison of the ACS group and the Er:YAG laser group showed no statistically significant difference (P=.052) in rupture energy.

CONCLUSIONS: Scleral incisions by ACS and the Er:YAG laser significantly weakened ocular integrity compared with control eyes. Any patients undergoing ACS or Er:YAG laser scleral incision should be informed of the attendant potential risk after ocular trauma. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:77-81.]
An Improvement of Remote Control Panel for Numerous Electrical Devices in Smart Homes Using RF and Wifi
Authors: Dang Trung Ngoc , Le Linh Thi Huyen
Published: December 2019

This study aims to improve a remote control panel for numerous electrical devices in smart homes using radio frequency (RF) and wifi. In this study, RF315MHz transceiver module and Arduino Ethernet Shield wifi module are combined by a programmed algorithm to transmit control signals from a central processor to the electrical devices in the smart house. The RF315 MHz transceiver with hard coding is modified to be a soft coding module in which each control channel can switch on/off 256 electrical devices. Then, a remote control panel is developed to control numerous electrical devices based on the requirements of the number of control buttons and the technology in the smart house. Moreover, this proposed method allow to control the electrical devices in the house by various panels. An experimental model with two separate transmission channels using two soft-coded RF315MHz modules has been done to verify the applicability of the proposed method.
Os Febianos: experiência, consciência e agência dos trabalhadores brasileiros convocados para a guerra na Força Expedicionária Brasileira - FEB (1943 – 1945)
Authors: Ribeiro Frederico Soares
Published: December 2019

Este artigo analisa características de uma identidade coletiva surgida entre parte dos civis recrutados para a FEB e algumas de suas tentativas de agência durante a campanha da Itália. As novas práticas vivenciadas na FEB eram muito diferentes das práticas adotadas no Exército Brasileiro. Em episódios de indisciplina, ou na utilização instrumentos construídos coletivamente, como o jornal de trincheira ‘E a Cobra Fumou!’ buscamos evidenciar o protagonismo dos Febianos em relação ao comando da FEB, composto de militares profissionais do Exército.
Guia do Arquivo da Justiça do Trabalho de Pelotas. Núcleo de Documentação Histórica da UFPel – Professora Beatriz Loner
Authors: Koschier Paulo Luiz Crizel
Published: December 2019

O Núcleo de Documentação Histórica da UFPel – Professora Beatriz Loner constitui-se um espaço de ensino, extensão e, muito fortemente, de pesquisa. Reconhecido pela preservação de acervos vinculados à história do trabalho e dos trabalhadores, guarda o acervo da Justiça do Trabalho de Pelotas, de 1936 a 1998. Os 93.845 processos são utilizados como fontes em pesquisas na graduação e pós-graduação. O presente guia tem por objetivo consolidar informações básicas que possam servir a pesquisadores que estudam os processos da Justiça do Trabalho, mostrando, ao final, alguns exemplos de aplicação em pesquisas já realizadas. Para tanto, revisitou-se a cronologia da implantação da Justiça do Trabalho no Brasil, bem como discutiu-se a importância da Justiça do Trabalho na concepção de direito à memória.
Chica Brincuda, “a última a ficar nestas terras de escravos”: mulheres negras no Litoral Negro do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Molet Claudia Daiane Garcia
Published: December 2019

Neste artigo, tenho o objetivo de analisar as experiências de mulheres negras no Litoral Negro do Rio Grande do Sul, visando destacar os arranjos familiares marcados pela matrilinearidade, as memórias da escravidão e as experiências no pós-Abolição. Aciono as memórias e histórias de Chica Brincuda, rememorada na comunidade remanescente quilombola do Limoeiro como “a última a ficar nestas terras de escravos”. Para isso, aciono as memórias dos quilombolas e outros documentos escritos, como testamento, alforrias e registros de batismos.
Separating radiative forcing by aerosol–cloud interactions and rapid cloud adjustments in the ECHAM–HAMMOZ aerosol–climate model using the method of partial radiative perturbations
Authors: Mülmenstädt Johannes , Gryspeerdt Edward , Salzmann Marc , Ma Po-Lun , Dipu Sudhakar , Quaas Johannes
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Using the method of offline radiative transfer modeling within the partial
radiative perturbation (PRP) approach, the effective radiative forcing
by aerosol–cloud interactions (ERFaci) in the ECHAM–HAMMOZ aerosol climate
model is decomposed into a radiative forcing by anthropogenic cloud droplet
number change and adjustments of the liquid water path and cloud fraction.
The simulated radiative forcing by anthropogenic cloud droplet
number change and liquid water path adjustment are of
approximately equal magnitude at −0.52 and
−0.53 W m−2, respectively, while the cloud-fraction adjustment is
somewhat weaker at −0.31 W m−2 (constituting 38 %, 39 %, and 23 %
of the total ERFaci, respectively); geographically, all three ERFaci components
in the simulation peak over China, the subtropical eastern ocean boundaries,
the northern Atlantic and Pacific oceans, Europe, and eastern North America (in
order of prominence). Spatial correlations indicate that the temporal-mean
liquid water path adjustment is proportional to the temporal-mean radiative
forcing, while the relationship between cloud-fraction adjustment and
radiative forcing is less direct. While the estimate of warm-cloud ERFaci is
relatively insensitive to the treatment of ice and mixed-phase cloud overlying
warm cloud, there are indications that more restrictive treatments of ice in
the column result in a low bias in the estimated magnitude of the liquid water
path adjustment and a high bias in the estimated magnitude of the droplet
number forcing. Since the present work is the first PRP decomposition of the
aerosol effective radiative forcing into radiative forcing and rapid cloud
adjustments, idealized experiments are conducted to provide evidence that the
PRP results are accurate. The experiments show that using low-frequency
(daily or monthly) time-averaged model output of the cloud property fields
underestimates the ERF, but 3-hourly mean output is sufficiently frequent.
Confinement of air in the Asian monsoon anticyclone and pathways of convective air to the stratosphere during summer season
Authors: Legras Bernard , Bucci Silvia
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We study the transport pathways from the top of convective clouds to the lower tropical stratosphere during the Asian monsoon, using massive Lagrangian trajectories driven by observed clouds and the two reanalysis ERA-Interim and ERA5 with diabatic and kinematic vertical motions. We find that the upward propagation of convective impact is very similar for the kinematic and diabatic calculations using ERA5 while the two cases strongly differ for ERA-Interim. The separation of descending and ascending motion occurs at a crossover level which is slightly above the all sky zero level of radiative heating rate, except over the Tibetan plateau. The parcels that stay confined within the Asian monsoon anticyclone and reach 380 K are mostly of continental origin while maritime sources are dominating when the whole global 380 K surface is considered. We find that the strong impact of the Tibetan plateau with respect to its share of high clouds is entirely due to its elevated proportion of high clouds above the crossover. We find no trace of a vertical conduit above convection over the Tibetan plateau; parcels are rather entrained into an ascending spiral motion that spans the whole anticyclone. The mean age of parcels with respect to convection exhibits a minimum at the centre of the Asian monsoon anticyclone due to the permanent renewal by fresh convective air and largest values on the periphery as air spirals out. The contrast is reduced by dilution for increasing potential temperature. We find that the confinement above 360 K can be represented, on the average, by a simple 1D process of diabatic advection with loss. The mean loss time is about 13 days and uniform over the range 360 K to 420 K which is to be compared with a total circulation time of two to three weeks around the anticyclone. The vertical dilution is consequently exponential with an e-folding potential temperature scale of 15 K (about 3 km).
High humidity tandem differential mobility analyzer for accurate determination of aerosol hygroscopic growth, microstructure and activity coefficients over a wide range of relative humidity
Authors: Mikhailov Eugene F. , Vlasenko Sergey S.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Interactions with water are crucial for the properties, transformation and climate effects of atmospheric aerosols. Here we present high humidity tandem differential hygroscopicity analyzer (HHTDMA) and a new method to measure the hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles with in-situ restructuring to minimize the influence of particle shape. With this approach, growth factors can be measured with an uncertainty 0.3–0.9 % over a relative humidity (RH) range of 2–99.6 % and with an RH measurement accuracy better than 0.4 %. The HHTDMA instrument can be used in hydration, dehydration and restructuring modes of operation. The restructuring mode allows to investigate the effects of drying conditions on the initial microstructure of aerosol particles and specified the optimal parameters that provide their rearrangements into compact structures with near-spherical shape. These optimal parameters were then used in hygroscopic growth experiments by combining restructuring mode with conventional hydration or dehydration mode. The tandem of two modes allowed us to measure the particle growth factors with high precision as well as to determine the thickness of the water adsorption layer on the surface of compact crystalline particles. To verify HHTDMA instrument we compared the measured ammonium sulfate growth factors with these obtained from E-AIM-based Köhler model. Averaged over the range of 38–96 % RH, the mean relative deviations between measurement and model results is less than 0.5 %. We demonstrate this precision by presenting data for glucose for which bulk thermodynamic coefficients are available. The HHTDMA-derived activity coefficients of water and glucose were obtained for both dilute and supersaturated solutions and are in a good agreement with these reported in literature. Averaged deviation between the measured activity coefficients and these obtained by bulk method is less than 4 %. For dilute solution in water activity range of 0.98–0.99 the hygroscopicity parameter of glucose and molal osmotic coefficient were obtained with uncertainty of 0.4 % and 2.5 %, respectively.
Outcomes of Patients Referred for Arteriovenous Fistula Construction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kucey Andrew Stanton , Engineer Anish , Albers Shawn Stefan
Published: December 2019

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects 10-16% of the US population and its incidence is rising due to increasing prevalence of associated risk factors. Renal replacement therapy is required to treat late stage CKD and hemodialysis is the preferred modality for many patients. Vascular access is required for hemodialysis and arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) are currently the gold standard. This review intended to collate current knowledge on AVF outcomes regarding both the patient and fistula. Scopus and Medline were utilized to identify relevant literature. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to narrow search results. Among CKD patients, 33.5-77.4% require a central venous catheter (CVC) before dialysis through a fistula. Many patients (33-51%) use a CVC regardless of AVF creation due to fistula immaturity or failure. There are large variations in AVF creation policies internationally; 16% of American hemodialysis patients use a fistula compared to 72% of German patients. Primary patency and primary AVFs' failure ranges from 60-70% and 20-26%, respectively. AVFs reduce morbidity and mortality in CKD. At present, too many patients are receiving hemodialysis through a CVC. Inadequate referral times for AVF creation can lead to fistula immaturity or failure in the intervention. Many countries are lagging behind recommended AVF creation rates published by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. There is a paucity of literature concerning when a patient should be referred for AVF creation. It is paramount to have better predictive outcome measures and more clarity as to when patients will benefit from an AVF.
Characterization of Patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome in the General Hospital of Mexicali
Authors: Martínez-González Fátima María , Hernández-Ríos Jeremy , Gutiérrez Arely , Beltrán Andrés , González René , Jaramillo-Ramírez Hiram
Published: December 2019

Background: Guillain-Barré Syndrome is a progressive autoimmune polyradiculoneuropathy characterized by symmetrical flaccid paralysis accompanied by areflexia, hyporeflexia or hyperreflexia on rare occasions. Worldwide, it remains the first cause of flaccid paralysis. It is usually associated with infectious disease history; however, there are various clinical variants, each with a different outcome. Prognosis is usually good, although 20% of patients could suffer a severe clinical variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome and 5% will die despite treatment.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, including the records of hospitalized patients with Guillain- Barré Syndrome at Mexicali’s General Hospital within a five-year period.

Results: In a five-year span there were 64 patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome, most of the patients were men (70.3%), with age ranging 1 to 76 years. A total of 8 (12.5%) patients died, from which 7 (87.5%) required mechanical ventilation during hospitalization. Immunoglobulin therapy was provided to 56 (87.5%) patients, and 6 (10.7%) of them perished due to acute kidney injury.

Conclusion: Guillain-Barré Syndrome is a common disease among male population, with no dominating onset age, however, leaning for the young and elder. Most of the patients that were hospitalized at the General Hospital of Mexicali had a history of previous infection (gastrointestinal, respiratory, or other infectious diseases). The need for mechanical ventilation represents a higher severity index, nonetheless, this does not mean that assisted ventilation is directly associated with mortality. As for treatment, immunoglobulin is the most common choice for therapy, though some of the patients died from acute kidney injury.
Cortos de animación en la red para todos los públicos y género: temáticas y roles de siempre contados como nunca
Authors: López González Rebeca Cristina
Published: December 2019

Este trabajo se centra en el discurso narrado por cuatro cortos de animación. Purl (2019) y Kitbull (2019), realizados por Pixar dentro del programa Sparkshorts, One Small Step (2018), creada por la incipiente Taiko Studios, y Hé Mademoiselle (2015), que proviene de la Escuela Superior de Artes y Oficios francesa ESMA. Todos estos trabajos comparten una serie de rasgos comunes, a pesar de su procedencia variada, que orientan su temática hacia el discurso de género. El núcleo de cada historia nos habla sobre el atemporal mundo femenino, pero como nunca se había contado hasta ahora. El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en el enfoque narrado y averiguar hasta qué punto cada historia puede romper con los estereotipos de género y brindar una lección a las nuevas generaciones tan pendientes de YouTube.
Los nobles y la poesía a principios del siglo XVII
Authors: Dadson Trevor J.
Published: December 2019

Teniendo en cuenta las muchas ocupaciones y preocupaciones de la clase nobiliaria española de la temprana edad moderna, puede sorprender que la poesía fuera una de ellas. ¿Qué interés podía tener para un noble la poesía cuando, si ambicionaba una carrera en la Corte, lo que más necesitaba eran unos estados bien administrados que le proporcionaran unas buenas rentas? El fenómeno de los nobles poetas es bien conocido, en especial los nombres de sus principales practicantes –los condes de Salinas y Villamediana, el príncipe de Esquilache, el conde del Rebolledo, y otros muchos–, pero menos trabajado es cómo ellos (y otros que no pretendían ser poetas) aprendían el oficio de poeta y cómo y para qué lo ejercían y en qué situaciones. Algunos nobles no solo escribían poesía: intercambiaban poemas, satirizaban a sus contemporáneos, patrocinaban academias literarias, y ejercían distintos tipos de mecenazgo, y todo esto en un momento en que la Corte bajo el duque de Lerma y Felipe III volvió a situarse en el centro de la vida literaria española.
Íñigo López de Mendoza, IV duque del Infantado. Un noble lector y escritor en su círculo humanista
Authors: Carrasco Martínez Adolfo
Published: December 2019

Íñigo López de Mendoza, IV duque del Infantado, fue un ávido lector y autor del Memorial de cosas notables (1564), dedicado a su primogénito cuando este ya había muerto. Este estudio analiza la vinculación del duque a las letras a través de sus relaciones con destacados humanistas, como Juan de Vergara y Álvar Gómez de Castro, la biblioteca familiar, y el recuerdo de la figura de su antepasado, el marqués de Santillana, y que cuaja en la corte humanística que crea en su palacio de Guadalajara. Se explica que, en su juventud, Íñigo López se involucró en las Comunidades de Castilla, tuvo contactos con los alumbrados de Guadalajara, y experimentó un profundo distanciamiento de su padre, factores que pueden explicarnos en parte su carácter y su actitud hacia los libros. Ya convertido en duque, hubo de defenderse de los continuos ataques a su autoridad, venidos del propio concejo guadalajareño y, sobre todo, de sus frías relaciones con la corona. Su biblioteca y el estudio se convirtieron en su refugio.
El caballero toreador artífice de escritos taurinos en la época de Felipe IV
Authors: Campos Cañizares José
Published: December 2019

En la Alta Edad Moderna, los caballeros españoles fueron artífices, como escritores y toreadores, de un modelo taurómaco propio, el toreo caballeresco, incorporado en la Baja Edad Media a los juegos ecuestres nobiliarios europeos que preparaban para la guerra en tiempos de paz. Primero apareció el alanceamiento de toros (siglos xiii-xvi), al que sucedió el rejoneo, en esplendor en el reinado de Felipe IV. Los textos se compusieron de mitad del siglo xvi a finales del xvii, para tratar de normas táuricas y de destrezas ecuestres. Los juegos taurinos fueron respaldados por los monarcas en las fiestas de la corte española, en las plazas mayores, y sus reglas recogen la mentalidad y los valores cortesanos (mesura, elegancia, valor y audacia) para enseñanza del pueblo receptor de estas celebraciones.
Hanotin, Guillaume y Picco, Dominique (eds.), "Le lion et les lys. Espagne et France au temps de Philippe V", préface de Alain Huogon, Pessac, Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 2018, 445 págs. ISBN: 9791030002966
Authors: Iglesias Rosa
Published: December 2019

Studiando l’età di Filippo V, Christopher Storrs ha parlato recentemente di “Spanish Resurgence” (The Spanish Resurgence, 1713-1748, Yale University Press, 2016) sottolineando la forza dinamica della Spagna durante il regno del primo Borbone. Le campagne militari spagnole in Italia e nel nord Africa rivitalizzarono certamente la monarchia iberica, in un «revival of Spanish power» che fu segnato dalla pace del 1713.
Condiciones Laborales y Sociales de los Periodistas en las Regiones de Colombia
Authors: Valencia Nieto Daniel Guillermo , Pereira González José Miguel , Rodríguez Leuro Jairo Antonio
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo se ocupa de describir y analizar las condiciones laborales y sociales en que trabajan los periodistas en las regiones de Colombia. Los autores del escrito exponen los hallazgos de dos proyectos de investigación que realizaron en dieciocho ciudades del país, los cuales indagaban, entre otros aspectos, por la situación laboral de los periodistas en los medios regionales. El enfoque del estudio y del análisis que acá se presenta es desde las teorías de la economía política de la comunicación y la información. La metodología con la que se desarrollaron los dos proyectos de investigación fue con una perspectiva critico-social, para lo cual se incluyeron tres dimensiones: descriptiva, analítica y comprensiva. El artículo analiza cómo las condiciones laborales y sociales de los periodistas en Colombia tienen impacto en la formación de la opinión pública en el país.
Paisajes culturales del litoral desértico de Atacama, Chile. Diálogo entre la Etnografía y la Arqueología para el estudio del sitio arqueológico Copaca 1
Authors: Rubio Munita Felipe A. , Castro Rojas María Victoria
Published: December 2019

El sitio arqueológico Copaca 1, ubicado en la Provincia de Tocopilla, Segunda Región de Antofagasta, Chile, es estudiado a través de una aproximación etnoarqueológica. Este yacimiento, corresponde a un extenso conchal cultural costero, cuyo rango cronológico fluctúa entre el 4540 ± 25 AP y el 7688 AP (UGAM-9145, carbón). El sitio posee una íntima relación con su entorno circundante, observándose dentro de sus evidencias ictiológicas y malacológicas ciertas taxas que aún son explotadas en el lugar por buzos y pescadores artesanales. En este marco, se realizó una etnografía ad hoc con uno de los últimos pescadores móviles de la región en estudio, para orientar nuestras interpretaciones en el uso del espacio costero en torno al sitio. Se articula un diálogo entre ambos contextos, lográndose comprender la existencia de determinadas especializaciones de trabajo dirigidas a diferentes espacios litorales. Asimismo, se identifica el papel principal que asume el conocimiento de la topografía, el clima, la oceanografía y la flora y fauna marina en el establecimiento de un campamento costero.
La iconografía de los queros del Museo de La Plata. Primeras aproximaciones interpretativas
Authors: Paez María Cecilia , Minichelli Bianca , Joosten Guillermo German , Forgnone Inés
Published: December 2019

Los vasos de madera del período Colonial andino destacan por su simbolismo y policromía, reuniendo elementos iconográficos propios de la idiosincrasia prehispánica americana en una estructura del diseño que encuentra similitudes con el barroco europeo. Este entramado de signos refleja la compleja realidad de las elites incaicas –con quienes se vincula la utilización de los queros–, en el nuevo contexto político y social impuesto por el orden colonial. En este trabajo presentamos el análisis de 10 vasos de madera procedentes del Cusco, depositados en el Museo de La Plata (Argentina). Proponemos que la gráfica de estas piezas constituye una forma alternativa a la oralidad para la reproducción de la memoria colectiva y el fortalecimiento de las identidades indígenas.
A reconfiguração do empirismo: química, medicina e história natural a partir do programa baconiano de conhecimento
Authors: Zaterka Luciana
Published: December 2019

O conceito de empirismo evoca tanto uma tradição histórica quanto uma rede de questões filosóficas. Ambas frequentemente associadas a nomes como os de Francis Bacon (1561-1626), John Locke (1632-1704), George Berkeley (1685-1753) e David Hume (1711-1776). Porém, lembremos que nenhum desses filósofos utilizaram o termo empirismo, e nem compartilharam de uma única escola epistemológica. Do ponto de vista histórico é comum encontrarmos estudos de História e Filosofia da Ciência que relacionam o conceito de ‘empirismo’ com a chamada Escola Empírica Médica, desenvolvida na Grécia Antiga (século III a.C.). Porém, mais uma vez, temos que ter cautela com essas simplificações históricas, afinal se por uma Escola médica compreendemos um número de médicos que se reconhecem como pertencentes a um grupo que defendem exatamente as mesmas ideias e conceitos, a Escola Empírica Médica é simplesmente uma invenção histórica. De fato, observaremos alguns elementos comuns dentro dessas escolas, mas não correntes unívocas. Essa postura historiográfica usualmente acarreta sérias consequências. Assim, por exemplo, os estudos que marcam a diferença entre as filosofias do continente europeu e as da Inglaterra do século XVII, distinguindo-a por meio de noções amplas, tais como racionalismo e empirismo, podem cair em reducionismos importantes. Se, por um lado, vincular o empirismo moderno à escola médica antiga acarreta numa compreensão histórica equivocada; por outro lado, aceitar a dicotomia empirismo x racionalismo como a única narrativa possível para compreendermos a gênese da filosofia moderna carrega consigo problemas de cunho epistemológico. Dos vários problemas que surgem dessa perspectiva historiográfica, isto é, de aceitarmos acriticamente a narrativa padrão, dois deles nos importam mais de perto: ela fornece uma ênfase às questões de cunho epistemológico, subestimando, então, a importância dos debates em outras áreas, como filosofia natural, ética e política, por exemplo; e deixa de lado pensadores que combinam elementos das duas correntes e, portanto, não operam stricto sensu com a dicotomia entre razão e experiência. Nesse sentido, objetivamos problematizar e aprofundar essa questão, ao discutir aspectos epistêmicos e metodológicos do chamado “programa baconiano” de conhecimento, bem como alguns de seus desdobramentos, especialmente no âmbito da química e da medicina no século XVII inglês.
A dialética do fim da arte em Adorno: repressão e resgate da sensibilidade recalcada
Authors: Guimarães Bruno
Published: December 2019

Embora Adorno tenha abordado predominantemente o problema do “fim da arte” como um processo repressivode liquidação da arte levado adiante pela dominação da indústria cultural, ele viu uma possibilidade promissora parao conceito de desartificação (Entkunstung) em sua Teoria Estética. Ali, ele reconheceu uma tendência evolutiva desseconceito pela intensificação do tremor de uma subjetividade fixa através da experiência da não‑identidade e deuma possível reconciliação com uma natureza não inteiramente submetida à exploração. O objetivo deste trabalhoé examinar a articulação de duas teses em Adorno: uma que antecipa o fim da arte em uma sociedade sem classes,relacionado à superação da tensão entre o real e o possível, e uma segunda que reconhece na expressão artísticaconhecida alguma promessa de felicidade, ao apontar para uma realidade latente que insiste em retornar, na medidaem que as obras de arte são a “historiografia inconsciente de si mesma de sua época.”
Da Teoria estética à inestética: conceito e função da estética em Adorno e Badiou
Authors: Pucciarelli Daniel
Published: December 2019

O artigo versa sobre o conceito mesmo da estética contemporânea a partir de dois autores que, embora provenientes de tradições filosóficas diversas, convergem quanto ao radical esgotamento do quadro teórico e artístico que sustentava a reflexão filosófica sobre a arte e à necessidade de reformá-lo: Adorno e Badiou. Em um esforço comparativo, portanto, apresentaremos o conceito, os desafios e as potencialidades da estética contemporânea em ambos os autores. Especial atenção será dada à função sistemática e arquitetônica da disciplina no quadro mais amplo de sua filosofia, notadamente no que concerne à constelação formada pelos termos pensamento, arte e verdade.
O fim da espera sem fim: o teatro de Beckett
Authors: Oliveira Marcela
Published: December 2019

Este artigo investiga como, na trilogia teatral do pós-guerra Esperando Godot, Fim de partida e Dias felizes, Samuel Beckett apresenta uma espera sem fim, em dois sentidos. Primeiro, quanto ao conteúdo: é uma espera que não possui finalidade exterior às obras, como um significado total que possa ser depreendido e servir à nossa instrução moral ou cognitiva. Segundo, quanto à forma: a espera não termina, é sem fim, como um objetivo último a ser almejado pelos personagens no interior das próprias obras que lhes conferisse completude, encerramento.
Corpo e individuação: percursos espinosistas pela dança
Authors: Vieira Cintia
Published: December 2019

O texto investiga a dança como modalidade de produção de subjetividades privilegiada para dar a ver a potência do corpo. Procura equacionar o problema da sobrevivência de um vocabulário mental para tratar daquilo que exprime com a máxima intensidade aquilo de que os corpos são capazes, a saber, os corpos dançantes. Esta pesquisa segue uma trilha espinosista, para encontrar um vocabulário inteiramente corporal para descrever a potência dos corpos na dança em termos inteiramente corporais.
Teatro, um quadro das paixões humanas: crítica ao etnocentrismo, corrupção do gosto e degeneração dos costumes em Rousseau
Authors: Façanha Luciano Da Silva
Published: December 2019

Na Carta à d’Alembert sobre os espetáculos, Rousseau responde às questões que aparecem no verbete Genebra, publicado no volume VII da Enciclopédia. D’Alembert fazia uma defesa da comédia e dos comediantes, vistos como socialmente inferiores, ao mesmo tempo em que propunha montar uma companhia de teatro em Genebra, o que ajudaria a educar o gosto dos cidadãos. Retomava, assim, o papel do teatro a partir da opinião aristotélica de expurgação dos sentimentos de terror e piedade, adaptando-os da tragédia para a comédia – papel que Rousseau irá recusar de forma veemente, pois o filósofo não era a favor da ideia de que os espetáculos expurgam os vícios dos homens e os educam para as virtudes. D’Alembert não apenas faz uma defesa da comédia e dos comediantes, que eram rebaixados socialmente e tidos com pouca estima na Europa, como também sugere montar uma companhia de teatro em Genebra, considerando que através de espetáculos decentes seria possível educar o gosto dos cidadãos dessa nação específica e quiçá influenciar toda a Europa numa possível reforma no que se refere à arte. Tal iniciativa despertaria as nações para uma delicadeza de sentimento que resultaria em bons costumes sociais. Contudo, para Rousseau o objetivo principal dos espetáculos teatrais é o de agradar e entreter, e, segundo o filósofo, o teatro em geral é um quadro das paixões humanas. Apesar de atestar que o homem é uno, Rousseau nos lembra que esse homem uno vai sendo modificado pelas religiões, pelos governos, pelos costumes, leis, preconceitos, climas, etc. E, entre si, os homens tendem a se tornar diferentes e a depender da época e do lugar em que vivem. Como, então, o mesmo espetáculo poderá agradar e entreter todas as civilizações? É a pergunta que Rousseau faz e que responde dizendo que à cada povo, as espécies de espetáculos vão se adequando conforme os gostos diversos das nações, os seus hábitos e costumes. É baseado nessa observação que o filósofo, diferentemente de d’Alembert, não atribui ao teatro o poder de modificar os sentimentos e costumes, mas antes de reproduzi-los e, com algum esforço, de enfeitá-los. Portanto, a crítica de Rousseau a essa arte de agradar tão perniciosa, execrada na figura do teatro francês da época, sustentava indiretamente o modelo político-aristocrático vigente.
Estado, território, direito de guerra: Carl Schmitt leitor de Rousseau
Authors: Ribeiro Lucas Mello Carvalho
Published: December 2019

O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar a apropriação feita por Carl Schmitt do conceito de guerra elaborado por Rousseau no Contrato social. Está em jogo explicitar o que cada um desses autores tem em mente quando se refere à guerra como relação de Estado a Estado, elucidando, assim, como eles compreendem as implicações mútuas entre soberania e território. Para tanto, será preciso esclarecer os pressupostos que orientam a leitura sui generis que o jurista alemão faz da teoria rousseauniana da guerra.