bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathological features of breast tumours in BRCA1, BRCA2 and mutation-negative breast cancer families
Authors: Eerola Hannaleena , Heikkilä Päivi , Tamminen Anitta , Aittomäki Kristiina , Blomqvist Carl , Nevanlinna Heli
Published: November 2004

Introduction

Histopathological features of BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumours have previously been characterised and compared with unselected breast tumours; however, familial non-BRCA1/2 tumours are less well known. The aim of this study was to characterise familial non-BRCA1/2 tumours and to evaluate routine immunohistochemical and pathological markers that could help us to further distinguish families carrying BRCA1/2 mutations from other breast cancer families.

Methods

Breast cancer tissue specimens (n = 262) from 25 BRCA1, 20 BRCA2 and 74 non-BRCA1/2 families were studied on a tumour tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical staining of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and p53 as well as the histology and grade of these three groups were compared with each other and with the respective information on 862 unselected control patients from the archives of the Pathology Department of Helsinki University Central Hospital. Immunohistochemical staining of erbB2 was also performed among familial cases.

Results

BRCA1-associated cancers were diagnosed younger and were more ER-negative and PgR-negative, p53-positive and of higher grade than the other tumours. However, in multivariate analysis the independent factors compared with non-BRCA1/2 tumours were age, grade and PgR negativity. BRCA2 cases did not have such distinctive features compared with non-BRCA1/2 tumours or with unselected control tumours. Familial cases without BRCA1/2 mutations had tumours of lower grade than the other groups.

Conclusions

BRCA1 families differed from mutation-negative families by age, grade and PgR status, whereas ER status was not an independent marker.
Right ventricular assist device thrombosis during biventricular heart assistance
Authors: Decoene Christophe , Fayad Georges , Al-Ruzzeh Sharif , Modine Thomas , Crepin Francis , Pol Annie , Warembourg Henri
Published: November 2004

We report a case of total thrombosis of a right ventricular assist device in a patient during biventricular assistance. The thrombosis occurred 18 days following implantation and the right ventricular device was immediately removed without any complications. The patient was successfully transplanted after 3 months of left ventricular assistance.
Leukocyte filtration and miniature perfusion during arrested heart CABG on a Jehovah’s Witness patient
Authors: Sutton Steven W , Duncan Michael A , Chase Virginia A , Cheung Edson H , Hamman B L
Published: November 2004

Bloodless surgery and a reduction in the use of allogeneic blood products has long been the standard of care in medicine. Many individuals in our communities have demanded this form of surgical treatment for personal and religious reasons. On 6 December 2002, a 72-year-old male patient was admitted to our institution as a critical air flight transfer. The patient’s height was 190.5 cm and weight was 59.3 kg (body surface area 1.83 m2). His preliminary diagnosis was chest pain with myocardial infarction as evidenced by elevated blood cardiac isoenzymes. His principle diagnosis was subendocardial infarction with paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Cardiac catheterization was performed and demonstrated severe triple vessel disease with an ejection fraction of 30%. He was evaluated and accepted as a candidate for coronary artery bypass grafting. Multidisciplinary consultation concluded that a safe and effective method of perioperative treatment would involve the use of arrested heart support with cold blood cardioplegia using a low prime miniature perfusion circuit as no blood products would be considered for use. Additionally, the combined modalities of perfusion interventions to minimize hemodilution consisted of intraoperative autologous blood collection totaling 500 mL and rapid autologous priming of the miniature perfusion circuit. The miniature perfusion system was a low prime Cardiovention (Santa Clara, CA) CORx device which includes a hollow-fiber oxygenator and integral centrifugal pump with a surface area of 1.2 m2. This system also incorporates an air sensing solenoid which triggers rapid air evacuation in a bolus range of 1 mL or greater. Kinetic venous drainage is another feature of this device as the centrifugal pump is integrated into the oxygenator. We believed that a miniature extracorporeal circuit would enhance the desired clinical outcome as opposed to the risk of: (1) off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) approach and the concern of emergent transition to an on-pump procedure and (2) use of larger surface area with conventional systems that impose a greater hemodilutional effect. Leukocyte filtration was employed as the patient had a significant past medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We herein report our clinical experience with this method of treatment on a patient who refused the use of blood products in his surgical treatment. It is our belief that the multiple modalities utilized in combination during this procedure resulted in positive clinical outcomes as demonstrated by an intubation time of 8 hours 35 min with a discharge on the fifth postoperative day.
Association between radiographic joint space narrowing, function, pain and muscle power in severe osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Barker Karen , Lamb Sarah E , Toye Francine , Jackson Sarah , Barrington Sharon
Published: November 2004

Objective: To examine the association between radiographic classification of severe knee osteoarthritis and measurements of function, pain and power.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Specialist orthopaedic hospital.

Subjects: One hundred and twenty-three patients on the waiting list for elective knee arthroplasty.

Outcome measures: Weight-bearing antero-posterior radiographs scored for severity of osteoarthritis using the Kellgren and Lawrence scale. Function measured using the function subscale of the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) index, timed tests of walking speed and sit-to-stand. Pain measured using the pain subscale of the WOMAC index and a visual analogue scale. Extensor strength of the lower limb measured with the leg extensor power rig.

Results: Within any radiographic grade there was considerable variation in function: WOMAC function for patients with grade 2 mean 64 (47 / 86), grade 3 mean 47 (12 / 89) grade 4 mean 45 (2 / 92). There was poor correlation between radiographic score function, pain or muscle power, with no statistically significant associations. A wide range of scores was also seen within patients with the same radiographic grade.

Conclusions: Radiographic score was not found to be closely associated with function. Amongst patients with the same radiographic score there was considerable variation in function, pain and power.
Education for people with progressive neurological conditions can have negative effects: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ward C D , Turpin G , Dewey M E , Fleming S , Hurwitz B , Ratib S , von Fragstein M , Lymbery M
Published: November 2004

Objectives: To test the effects of a home-based educational intervention in reducing the incidence and the risk of falls and pressure sores in adults with progressive neurological conditions.

Design: Randomized controlled trial with 12 months follow-up.

Setting: Participants’ homes in the City of Nottingham.

Participants: One hundred and fourteen people with progressive neurological conditions recruited from general practices in Nottingham, including 53 with Parkinson's disease and 45 with multiple sclerosis.

Interventions: In the education group (EG), baseline data were reviewed by an expert panel which advised on actions most likely to promote each individual's physical, social and psychological well-being. An occupational therapist (OT) then visited EG participants to provide education and information and to discuss a personalized 12-month health action plan. The comparison group (CoG) received standardized printed information delivered to their home.

Main measures: Numbers of participants reporting falls and skin sores at two-monthly phone calls during the follow-up period of 12 months.

Results: The EG reported significantly more falls during the follow-up period and at 12 months (adjusted odds ratio 2.83 (95% CI 1.07-7.47), p=0.036) and significantly more skin sores (adjusted odds ratio 12.74 (95% CI 1.14-142.6), p=0.039) than the CoG. There was no difference between CoG and EG in the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living score, but EG patients showed a significant rise in this score over the study period of 1.62 (95% CI 0.69-2.55, p=0.002).

Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that education for people with progressive neurological conditions can have negative effects.
Beyond restoration to transformation: positive outcomes in the rehabilitation of acquired brain injury
Authors: McGrath Joanna
Published: November 2004

Objectives: This paper compares the situation of the person with acquired brain injury to that of the people of Israel in the sixth century BCE (before the current era) during the period of exile in Babylon. Both situations are characterized by traumatic multiple losses, and a struggle to regain a sense of identity: personal, national or spiritual. Evidence from the literature on both brain injury rehabilitation and from the Hebrew Scriptures indicates that models of restoration of function and transformation of suffering have been applied to both situations. The relative strengths and weaknesses of these models are considered, and it is argued that models of transformation of suffering have much to offer, especially in the longer term psychotherapeutic rehabilitation of people with acquired brain injury, when restoration of function has reached its limits.
Persistent Hyperkeratotic Plaques on a Man’s Genitogluteal Area
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liu Cheng-Cheng , Li Jiu-Hong
Published: February 2024

A man in his 40s presented with a 10-year history of pruritic lesions on the scrotum and buttock. What is your diagnosis?
Home Insulin Pump Use in Hospitalized Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Owens Jodi , Courter Joshua , Schuler Christine L. , Lawrence Michelle , Hornung Lindsey , Lawson Sarah
Published: February 2024

Importance

Pediatric data on inpatient home insulin pumps are absent in the literature. Understanding safety of home insulin pumps, managed by patients or caregivers, during times of illness will help diabetes technology securely move into pediatric hospitals.

Objective

To examine whether insulin can be safely and accurately delivered to hospitalized children through home insulin pumps when managed by patients or caregivers.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study included children with insulin-dependent diabetes admitted to a tertiary children’s hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021. In all these patients, diabetes was the primary or secondary diagnosis on admission.

Exposure

Insulin delivery via home insulin pump, hospital insulin pump, or subcutaneous injection.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Hyperglycemia (glucose, >250 mg/dL) and hypoglycemia (glucose, <45 mg/dL) rates (quantified as the proportion of total insulin-days), glucose variability, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) recurrences were compared for hospital pumps (manual mode), home pumps (manual mode), and subcutaneous injections using bivariate tests.

Results

There were 18 096 insulin-days among 2738 patients aged 0.5 to 25 years (median age, 15.8 years [IQR, 12.3-18.3 years]). Overall, 990 (5.5%) of insulin-days involved hospital insulin pumps, and 775 (4.3%) involved home pumps. A total of 155 insulin-days (15.7%) involving hospital pumps were hyperglycemic, compared with 209 (27.0%) involving home pumps and 7374 (45.2%) involving injections (P < .001). Moderate hypoglycemia days comprised 31 insulin-days (3.1%) involving hospital pumps compared with 35 (4.5%) involving home pumps and 830 (5.1%) involving injections (P = .02). Severe hypoglycemia did not differ significantly according to insulin delivery method. Two patients using injections (0.01%) developed DKA; no patients using hospital or home pumps developed DKA.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, home insulin pump use was found to be safe in a children’s hospital regarding hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. These data support use of home insulin pumps during pediatric admissions in patients who do not require intensive care and without active DKA.
Trends in Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Applications in the Year After Abortion Access Changes
Authors: Hammoud Maya M. , Morgan Helen K. , George Karen , Ollendorff Arthur T. , Dalrymple John L. , Dunleavy Dana , Zhu Min , Banks Erika , Akingbola Bukky Ajagbe , Connolly AnnaMarie
Published: February 2024

Importance

State-specific abortion restrictions currently affect the training of approximately 44% of obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) residents in the US. Examination of where future trainees apply for residency is important.

Objective

To assess changes in the percentage of applicants to OBGYN residency programs by state based on abortion restrictions in place after the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization (hereafter, Dobbs v Jackson) US Supreme Court decision and examine whether applicants’ preference for programs, as suggested by the distribution of application signals that express higher interest, was associated with abortion bans.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This serial cross-sectional study used anonymized data for all applicants to OBGYN residency programs in the US during September and October from 2019 to 2023. Data were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges Electronic Residency Application Service.

Exposures

Applications and program preference signals sent to OBGYN residency programs, analyzed by applicants’ self-reported demographics.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was differences in the percentage of unique applicants to OBGYN residency programs from 2019 to 2023, with programs categorized by state-based abortion restrictions after the Dobbs v Jackson decision. Secondary outcomes included the distribution of program signals by state abortion ban status.

Results

A total of 2463 applicants (2104 [85.4%] women) who applied to OBGYN programs for the 2023 residency match cycle were the focal sample of this study. While overall applicant numbers remained stable between 2019 and 2023, the number of applicants differed significantly by state abortion ban status in the 2022 (F2,1087 = 10.82; P < .001) and the 2023 (F2,1087 = 14.31; P < .001) match cycles. There were no differences in the number of signals received by programs in states with bans after controlling for known covariates such as number of applications received and program size, and there were no differences in the percentage of signals sent by out-of-state applicants to programs in states with different abortion laws than their home states (F2,268 = 2.41; P = .09).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, there was a small but statistically significant decrease in the number of applicants to OBGYN residency programs in states with abortion bans in 2023 compared with 2022. However, applicant signaling data did not vary by states’ abortion ban status. While OBGYN residency programs almost completely filled in 2023, continued monitoring for the potential consequences of state abortion bans for OBGYN training is needed.
Contribution of Infant Rhinovirus Bronchiolitis to Hospital Bed and Ventilation Use
Authors: Horvat Côme , Casalegno Jean-Sebastien , Masson Elsa , Benveniste Clémence , Haesebaert Julie , Paget John , Ploin Dominique
Published: February 2024

This cohort study compares the use of hospital resources related to human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections among infants during 3 consecutive seasons before nirsevimab implementation.
MATR3 pathogenic variants differentially impair its cryptic splicing repression function
Authors: Khan Mashiat , Chen Xiao Xiao Lily , Dias Michelle , Santos Jhune Rizsan , Kour Sukhleen , You Justin , van Bruggen Rebekah , Youssef Mohieldin M. M. , Wan Ying‐Wooi , Liu Zhandong , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Tan Qiumin , Pandey Udai Bhan , Yalamanchili Hari Krishna , Park Jeehye
Published: February 2024

Matrin‐3 (MATR3) is an RNA‐binding protein implicated in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. However, little is known regarding the role of MATR3 in cryptic splicing within the context of functional genes and how disease‐associated variants impact this function. We show that loss of MATR3 leads to cryptic exon inclusion in many transcripts. We reveal that ALS‐linked S85C pathogenic variant reduces MATR3 solubility but does not impair RNA binding. In parallel, we report a novel neurodevelopmental disease‐associated M548T variant, located in the RRM2 domain, which reduces protein solubility and impairs RNA binding and cryptic splicing repression functions of MATR3. Altogether, our research identifies cryptic events within functional genes and demonstrates how disease‐associated variants impact MATR3 cryptic splicing repression function.
NDRG1 is a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer and breast cancer brain metastasis
Authors: Joshi Vaibhavi , Stacey Andrew , Feng Yufan , Kalita‐de Croft Priyakshi , Duijf Pascal HG , Simpson Peter T , Lakhani Sunil R , McCart Reed Amy E
Published: February 2024

Brain metastases are secondary brain tumours characterised by their aggressive nature and poor prognosis. Breast cancer is one of the most common primary tumours in women to spread to the brain. A lack of biomarkers predicting likely spread to the brain and limited therapeutic interventions represents major areas of clinical unmet need. We investigated N‐myc downregulated gene‐1 (NDRG1) as a clinically relevant biomarker in breast cancer brain metastasis patients. NDRG1 expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays of two clinical cohorts: (i) brain metastatic breast cancers (n = 48) and brain metastases (n = 64; including a subset of 39 patient‐matched breast and brain metastasis cases) and (ii) unselected primary breast cancers (n = 336). NDRG1 was highly expressed in breast‐to‐brain metastases, as well as in high‐grade primary breast cancers. High NDRG1 expression and also an absence of expression were associated with worse survival outcomes in both breast cancer and breast cancer brain metastasis patients. This establishes NDRG1 as a ‘Goldilocks’ protein, where too much or too little has a negative effect on survival. We pose that this accounts for its previous categorisation as both tumour suppressor and oncoprotein. Additionally, a shift in NDRG1 localisation with a gain of nuclear expression was seen at the brain metastasis stage. Significant survival benefit in cases expressing cytoplasmic NDRG1 was observed, whereas NDRG1 localisation in the nucleus showed a clear association with poorer survival. In vitro analyses revealed that hypoxic stress significantly elevated NDRG1 expression and resulted in its nuclear localisation. Our findings suggest NDRG1 expression and subcellular localisation are clinically relevant biomarkers for poor prognosis in breast cancer and breast cancer brain metastasis.
Oncogenic K‐RasG12V cannot overcome proliferation failure caused by loss of Ppp6c in mouse embryonic fibroblasts
Authors: Ito Mai , Tanuma Nobuhiro , Kotani Yui , Murai Kokoro , Kondo Ayumi , Sumiyoshi Mami , Shima Hiroshi , Matsuda Satoshi , Watanabe Toshio
Published: February 2024

Protein phosphatase 6 is a Ser/Thr protein phosphatase and its catalytic subunit is Ppp6c. Ppp6c is thought to be indispensable for proper growth of normal cells. On the other hand, loss of Ppp6c accelerates growth of oncogenic Ras‐expressing cells. Although it has been studied in multiple contexts, the role(s) of Ppp6c in cell proliferation remains controversial. It is unclear how oncogenic K‐Ras overcomes cell proliferation failure induced by Ppp6c deficiency; therefore, in this study, we attempted to shed light on how oncogenic K‐Ras modulates tumor cell growth. Contrary to our expectations, loss of Ppp6c decreased proliferation, anchorage‐independent growth in soft agar, and tumor formation of oncogenic Ras‐expressing mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). These findings show that oncogenic K‐RasG12V cannot overcome proliferation failure caused by loss of Ppp6c in MEFs.
Decoding the biology and clinical implication of neutrophils in intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Ji Hang , Han Yujing , Danyang Jie  , Yue Li  , Hailan Yang  , Sun Haogeng , You Chao , Xiao Anqi , Liu Yi
Published: February 2024

Objective

Abundant neutrophils have been identified in both ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysm (IA) domes, with their function and clinical implication being poorly characterized.

Materials and Methods

We employed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐Seq) datasets of both human and murine model, and external bulk mRNA sequencing datasets to thoroughly explore the features and functional heterogeneous of neutrophils infiltrating the IA dome.

Results

We found that both unruptured and ruptured IA dome contain a substantial population of neutrophils, characterized by FCGR3B, G0S2, CSF3R, and CXCR2. These cells exhibited heterogeneity in terms of function and differentiation. Despite similar transcriptional activation, neutrophils in IA dome expressed a repertoire of gene programs that mimicked transcriptomic alterations observed from bone marrow to peripheral blood, showing self‐similarity. In addition, the recruitment of neutrophils in unruptured IA was primarily mediated by monocytes/macrophages, and once ruptured, both neutrophils, and a specific subset of inflammatory smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were involved in the process. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis indicated that distinct neutrophil subclusters were associated with IA formation and rupture, respectively. By reviewing current studies, we found that neutrophils play a detrimental role to IA wall integrity through secreting specific ligands, ferroptosis driven by ALOX5AP and PTGS2, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) mediated by PADI4.

Interpretation

This study delineated the biology and potential clinical implications of neutrophils in IA dome and provided a reliable basis for future researches.
Frequently Encountered Artifacts in the Application of Dual‐Energy Computed Tomography to Cardiovascular Imaging for Urate Crystals in Gout: A Matched‐Control Study
Authors: Yokose Chio , Eide Sterling Ellis , Huber Florian A. , Simeone F. Joseph , Ghoshhajra Brian B. , Shojania Kamran , Nicolaou Savvas , Becce Fabio , Choi Hyon K.
Published: February 2024

Objective

There is surging interest in using dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) to identify cardiovascular monosodium urate (MSU) deposits in patients with gout. We sought to examine the prevalence and characterization of cardiovascular DECT artifacts using non–electrocardiogram (EKG)‐gated DECT pulmonary angiograms.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed non–EKG‐gated DECT pulmonary angiograms performed on patients with and without gout at a single academic center. We noted the presence and locations of vascular green colorization using the default postprocessing two‐material decomposition algorithm for MSU. The high‐ and low‐energy grayscale images and advanced DECT measurements were used to determine whether they were true findings or artifacts. We classified artifacts into five categories: streak, contrast medium mixing, misregistration due to motion, foreign body, and noise.

Results

Our study included CT scans from 48 patients with gout and 48 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The majority of patients were male with a mean age of 67 years. Two independent observers attributed all areas of vascular green colorization to artifacts. The most common types of artifacts were streak (56% vs 57% between patients and controls, respectively) and contrast medium mixing (51% vs 65%, respectively). Whereas some of the default DECT measurements of cardiovascular green colorization were consistent with values reported for subcutaneous tophi, advanced DECT measurements were not consistent with that of tophi.

Conclusion

Artifacts that could be misconstrued as cardiovascular MSU deposits were commonly identified in patients with and without gout on non–EKG‐gated DECT pulmonary angiograms. These artifacts can inform future vascular DECT studies on patients with gout to minimize false‐positive findings.
A Novel Signature Based on m6A Regulator‐Mediated Genes Along Glycolytic Pathway Predicts Prognosis and Immunotherapy Responses of Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Liu Duanrui , Li Binbin , Yang Mingyue , Xing Yuanxin , Liu Yunyun , Yuan Mingjie , Liu Fen , Wu Yufei , Ma Xiaoli , Jia Yanfei , Wang Yunshan , Ji Mingyu , Zhu Jingyu
Published: February 2024

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is involved in many aspects of gastric cancer (GC). Moreover, m6A and glycolysis‐related genes (GRGs) play important roles in immunotherapeutic and prognostic implication of GC. However, GRGs involved in m6A regulation have never been analyzed comprehensively in GC. Herein, the study aims to identify and validate a novel signature based on m6A‐related GRGs in GC patients. Therefore, a m6A‐related GRGs signature is established, which can predict the survival of patients with GC and remain an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analyses. Clinical significance of the model is well validated in internal cohort and independent validation cohort. In addition, the expression levels of risk model‐related GRGs in clinical samples are validated. Consistent with the database results, all model genes are up‐regulated in expression except DCN. After regrouping the patients based on this risk model, the study can effectively distinguish between them in respect to immune‐cell infiltration microenvironment and immunotherapeutic response. Additionally, candidate drugs targeting risk model‐related GRGs are confirmed. Finally, a nomogram combining risk scores and clinical parameters is created, and calibration plots show that the nomogram can accurately predict survival. This risk model can serve as a reliable assessment tool for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic responses in GC patients.
Superfast Phase Transformation Driven by Dual Chemical Equilibrium Enabling Enhanced Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Dai Pengfei , Ma Wenlong , Zhou Yiming , Tang Yawen , Cao Xin , Wu Ping , Zhou Haoshen
Published: February 2024

Phase transformation engineering provides new synthetic opportunities and pathways toward functional materials with desirable phases and structures. However, current phase transformation processes are generally time‐consuming or low‐yielding due to the lack of favorable driving forces. Herein, a superfast and scalable phase transformation technique driven by dual chemical equilibrium is developed. Taking manganese hexacyanoferrate (MnHCF) as an example, precipitation–dissolution and oxidation‐reduction dual chemical equilibrium co‐drive the superfast phase transformation from cubic KMnFe(CN)6 (C‐MnHCF) to monoclinic K2MnFe(CN)6 (M‐MnHCF) and simultaneously oxidative polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy), enabling the formation of homogeneous M‐MnHCF/PPy hybrid materials. For electrochemical energy storage, the uniform hybridization of PPy improves the electrical conductivity, restrains the dissolution of Mn, and more importantly, promotes K+‐intercalation kinetics of the K‐intercalated MnHCF‐based cathodes with a K+/Na+ competing insertion/extraction mechanism. As a result, the M‐MnHCF/PPy hybrid cathode manifests enhanced structural integrity and charge‐transport capability and thus long‐term cyclic life (114.8 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1) and high rate performance (113.3 and 92.7 mAh g−1 at 0.5 and 1 A g−1, respectively).
0D Amplification Strategies Reshape Bone Interface Niches via Biointernalization Effects
Authors: Yu Yuhao , Wang Juan , Sun Zhenyu , Chen Zehao , Xiong Wei , Li Yamin , Cui Wenguo , Chen Yunsu
Published: February 2024

0D biomaterials (0DBMs) can serve as carriers to enhance and extend the regulatory effects of biological cues they transport on cell fate via bacterial/mammalian cell internalization. However, accurately delivering and amplifying biosignals through 0DBMs remains challenging to cope with ecological niche destabilization induced by factors such as trauma or infection. Herein, the “zero‐dimensional amplification” approach is employed to develop a surface carboxylate carbon dot (CQD‐COOH) conjugated with a neutrophil constitutive peptide (LL‐37), resulting in the formation of a 0D peptide quantum dot (LQD). Hydrogel‐released LQDs, when internalized by bacteria, cause the bacteria to programmatically rupture and die, whereas LQDs internalized by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) activate the cellular CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis, which directs the stem cells to homing and anchor to the surface of the hydrogel coating. Notably, this strategy of “zero‐dimensional amplification” enables the antimicrobial performance of LL‐37 to be boosted approximately 1.3‐fold, significantly extending the transmission efficiency of biosignals. Meanwhile, 0D lipid nanoparticles (lipo‐NPs) with targeting function incorporated into the hydrogel could deliver the bio‐small molecule MK‐4 to MCSs and induce their endocytosis, further enhancing osseointegration. Thus, the hydrogel coating (HGLL) under this strategy can significantly remodel the ecological niche of the implant–bone interface in infected environment.
Alcohol‐Soluble n‐Type Polythiophenes as Cathode Interlayer in Organic Photodetectors for Hole Blocking
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Deng Sihui , Hu Junli , Miao Junhui , Li Jingyu , Liu Jun , Liu Yichun
Published: February 2024

For organic photodetectors (OPDs), cathode interlayer (CIL) with low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO) energy level is required to reduce dark current density (Jd). In this study, toward application as CIL in OPDs, an alcohol‐processable n‐type conjugated polymer (n‐PT8) based on imide/cyano‐substituted polythiophene backbone and branched oligo(ethylene glycol) side chain is developed. Owing to the electron‐accepting imide/cyano groups on the backbone, n‐PT8 exhibits deep‐lying EHOMO of −5.80 eV and a high conductivity of 5.12 × 10−6 S cm−1. OPD with n‐PT8 as CIL exhibits dark current density one order of magnitude lower than that with the state‐of‐the‐art CIL material because of the large energy barrier for reverse hole injection. Moreover, the device performance is insensitive to the n‐PT8 layer thickness, which is very desirable for the mass production of OPDs. The near‐infrared (NIR) OPDs based on n‐PT8 exhibit an ultra‐low dark current density of 1.76 × 10−9 A cm−2 and a specific detectivity of 2.88 × 1012 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at −1 V. To the best knowledge, this is the first report on n‐type polythiophene derivatives as CIL in organic opto‐electronic devices.
Healable and Recyclable Polyurea‐Urethane Elastomer with High Mechanical Robustness, Superhigh Elastic Restorability, and Exceptional Crack Tolerance
Authors: Xiang Xuanbao , Zhang Lin , Sheng Donghai , Yang Xiao , Qi Xiaowen , Wei Shutao , Dai Huilian
Published: February 2024

Developing the elastomer materials with high mechanical robustness through simple and environmentally friendly methods poses significant challenges. In this research, a simple solvent‐free polymerization method is reported to synthesize a transparent polyurea‐urethane elastomer using polycaprolactone (PCL) as soft segment and adjusting various hard segments. The target elastomer successfully combine acceptable mechanical performance and exceptional crack tolerance, whereby the notched samples can readily lift 25000 times (a rarely reported value) its weight. Moreover, the superhigh elastic restorability allow target elastomer recover to its original dimension from elongation over 5 times or to fracture. These results are attained due to the presence of densely and uniformly distributed hard microdomains within the elastomer, leading to effective energy dissipation. Furthermore, owing to the linear structure of the molecular chains and the reversible hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the chains, target elastomer can be conveniently healed and recycled under heating conditions. This research can provide a general and feasible strategy for the construction of elastomer materials with exceptional comprehensive properties, and the elastomers are expected to be applied in emerging fields such as protective elements and flexible electronics.
Scalable Fabric‐Based Solar Steam Generator
Authors: Li Yaping , Wang Run , Zhang Li , Wang Xiaoyin , Zhang Kai , Shou Wan , Fan Jie
Published: February 2024

Solar steam generation has emerged as a promising approach to address water scarcity issues globally. However, a few challenges remain, including high cost, limited scalability, and salt accumulation, before this technique can be adopted by the general population. Here, an all‐in‐one photothermal fabric is reported such as a solar steam generator (SSG), consisting of commercial hydrophilic superfine denier polypropylene fiber and water‐repellent expandable polyethylene foam, manufactured via a conventional weaving machine. By tailoring the yarn twist and density, optimized micro‐macro hierarchical channels can be created in the SSG to provide sufficient water supplementation and continuous steam generation. Due to the Marangoni effect introduced by the temperature gradient along the yarns water with high salinity transports to the bulk water, realizing a salt‐rejecting property. As a result, the SSG demonstrates a rapid evaporation rate of 1.408 kg m−2 h−1 and energy efficiency of 92.43% under 1 sun, as well as outstanding stability for desalination of high salinity brine (10 wt% NaCl). Furthermore, this strategy provides a new solution to achieve excellent cost‐effectiveness in clean water production at ≈1700 g h−1 $−1. This work provides a sustainable fabric‐based SSG for practical large‐scale clean water production, and can potentially inspire other textiles‐based water treatment.
Adaptive Epidermal Bioelectronics by Highly Breathable and Stretchable Metal Nanowire Bioelectrodes on Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane
Authors: Yoon Hyeokjun , Choi Joonhwa , Kim Jin , Kim Jinsol , Min JinKi , Kim Dohyung , Jeong Seongmin , Lee Jae Gun , Bang Junhyuk , Choi Seok Hwan , Jeong Youngin , Kim C‐Yoon , Ko Seung Hwan
Published: February 2024

The potential of the electrospun nanofiber membrane (ENM)‐based soft electronics in epidermal bioelectronics has gained huge attention with their conformal compatibility with the human body and associated performance improvements. This study presents a novel filtration‐based direct local nanowire patterning method on the ENM using dispenser systems, aiming to fabricate stretchable, breathable, and highly conductive epidermal electronics harnessing various types of metal nanowires, including Ag, Ag@Au core–shell, and Ag@(Au–Pt) core–shell nanowires. By utilizing capillary force from a support bed beneath the ENM, efficient fluid flow can be achieved, eliminating the requirement for expensive vacuum equipment typically employed in filtration processes. In the postprocessing phase, the photothermal effect of a laser is harnessed to improve the mechanical stability of the nanowire–ENM interface. The maskless fabrication process is instrumental in crafting epidermal bioelectronics in that the design can be spontaneously replicated according to diverse human body geometries in situ. The selective insulation process can be also executed with the same dispenser system, streamlining the overall fabrication system. Applications are demonstrated showcasing the advantages of the presented fabrication system and the resulting devices, including an in vivo epicardial signal recording electrode, an epidermal electrochemical biosensor, and a customized epidermal electromyography (EMG)‐based human–machine interface (HMI).
2D CuInP2Se6 in High‐Sensitivity UV‐vis And X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Sun Fapeng , Xu Haojie , Hong Wenting , Sun Zhihua , Liu Wei
Published: February 2024

Metal thio(seleno)phosphates are renowned for their multifaceted physical characteristics and versatile applications, particularly in optoelectronics. In detection applications, a low and stable dark current is crucial, enhancing the sensitivity and signal‐to‐noise ratio of detectors. Herein, a van der Waals layered material has synthesized, CuInP2Se6. Despite its nanometric scale, 2D CuInP2Se6 detector transcends the conventional absorption inefficiencies tied to ultrathin materials. It delivers exceptional ultraviolet–visible detection, characterized by an ultralow, stable dark current of 150 fA, and a noise power density of 27.7 fA Hz−1/2 at room temperature. The in‐depth investigation reveals a responsivity of 4.47 A W−1, an external quantum efficiency of 1369%, a special detectivity of 1.44 × 1013 Jones, and a rapid response speed of 280 µs, positioning it at the pinnacle of 2D photodetector performance. The CuInP2Se6’s ultralow, stable dark current paves the way for X‐ray detection, achieving an unprecedented sensitivity of 1.32 × 105 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 0.15 µGyair s−1. Furthermore, 2D CuInP2Se6 detector exhibits a remarkable image‐sensing capability, adeptly capturing intricate patterns with high resolution. This discovery indicates its promise in revolutionizing integrated micro/nano optoelectronic devices, opening avenues for advancements in light and X‐ray detection and imaging technologies.
Enabling Heteroatom Doping of Flexible MXene Film in Seconds: A Microwave‐Induced Targeted Thermal‐Shock Method
Authors: Zhong Geng , Yang Haiyan , Zeng Minling , Liu Sisi , Chen Shengnan , Fan Zhimin , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian , Yu Jiali
Published: February 2024

Heteroatom doping can efficiently tailor the physicochemical properties of 2D MXene materials for enhancing the energy storage performance. However, in mostly applied doping strategies, the wet chemistry method typically suffers tedious separation and abstersion process while the solid‐phase thermal strategy (traditional furnace heating) employed long‐time （several hours） high‐temperature treatment may cause degradation of MXene. In this work, a universal, energy efficient and environmental‐friendly strategy is reported to realize the heteroatom doping of MXene within seconds by microwave‐induced targeted thermal shock. The MXene film can self‐heat to >800 °C within seconds followed by generating dazzling plasma under microwave field. The high temperature combined with plasma create a localized ultrahigh‐energy environment in MXenes, which promotes the rapid decomposition of preloaded dopant precursors and lattice/surface functional group substitutions between dopant atoms and MXene. The resulted nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) co‐doped MXene showed significantly improved capacity and performance stability under deformations. Compared with the traditional furnace heating, the targeted heating strategy have significantly higher energy and time efficiencies and reduced carbon footprint. In addition, this method can be readily extended to various element doping of MXene. The microwave‐induced targeted thermal‐shock represents a general and efficient strategy for the fast heteroatom doping of MXene.
An Enzyme‐Engineered Coppery Nanozyme for High‐Efficiency Mild Photothermal/Chemodynamic/Starvation Therapy Through Self‐Reinforcing Cancer Energy Metabolism Regulation
Authors: Bian Yulong , Liu Bin , Ding Binbin , Yuan Meng , Yang Chunzheng , Li Kai , Chang Mengyu , Kheraif Abdulaziz A. Al , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun
Published: February 2024

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has a great prospect in further improving tumor therapeutic outcomes, whereas its efficiency is restrained by low light penetration, excessive heat damage to normal tissues, up‐regulated heat shock proteins (HSPs), and limited effect of single treatment. Herein, an enzyme‐engineered coppery nanozyme based on dendritic mesoporous coppery carbon nanosphere as the cornerstone to load with glucose oxidase (GOx) followed by modification with hyaluronic acid is constructed. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the obtained coppery nanozyme exhibits peroxidase and glutathione oxidase mimicking activities to improve hydroxyl radicals (•OH) production. Furthermore, both the generation of •OH production and GOx‐induced energy supply blockade can reduce HSPs expression to enhance the mild PTT (η = 34.9 %) of coppery nanozyme upon the irradiation of 1064 nm laser, and in turn, accelerate the catalytic processes of coppery nanozyme for more generation of •OH. Last but not least, the introduction of copper can induce lipoylated protein dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase aggregation to cause cellular cuproptosis. Due to the synergy of multiple therapies, the tumor inhibition rate can reach 93.4%. Overall, this work provides an effective strategy for potential tumor treatment on the basis of synergistic therapies.
Photo‐Induced Active Ion Transport‐Assisted Efficient Ionic Power Harvesting from Bioinspired Janus Dual‐Field Heterostructures
Authors: Wang Lili , Feng Yaping , Zhou Yi , Zhang Yuhui , Yang Xiaotong , Hu Jingjing , Wu Lijuan , Lei Xinyu , Chen Yupeng , Lv Guocheng , Jiang Lei
Published: February 2024

Natural organisms have developed various biological ion channels/transporters to maintain normal life activities to adapt to changing environments. Significantly, ion transporters with active ion transport property show much more controllability on these activities due to a variety of external stimuli, giving guidance to construct artificial counterparts for overcoming the issues in simple nanofluidic systems restricted by self‐diffusive ion transport. Herein, a 2D nanofluidic system based on a Janus membrane (i.e., JM) is constructed, which can achieve light‐driven active ion transport and do favor for ionic power harvesting in electrolyte systems with equal concentrations. The JM is obtained through sequentially assembled montmorillonite (MMT) decorated with photoelectric molecules (i.e., PMMT) and MXene nanosheets. Due to the formed intramembrane electric field and temperature gradient caused by the efficient charge separation and localized thermal excitation under light illumination, a photovoltaic‐driven force and thermo‐osmotic are generated for preferential ion transport. In addition, the unidirectional active transport is employed to harvest ionic power, showing an output power density of 2.0 mW m−2 and a high‐performance energy conversion efficiency of 8.3 × 10−4%. The effects of the light intensity, electrolyte concentration and species on energy conversion performance are investigated, showing the university for ionic power harvesting.
A Thin‐Layer, Li+ Compensation, Moisture‐Tolerant Interfacial Modification of Cu Substrate Toward the Anode‐Less, Energy/Power Dense Li Metallic Batteries
Authors: Wang Helin , Yuan Yucheng , Jia Qiurong , Shao Ahu , Zhang Min , Wang Zhiqiao , Cheng Lu , Tang Xiaoyu , Li Shaowen , Ma Yue
Published: February 2024

The unregulated metallic deposition and continuous cracking of the fragile solid electrolyte interphase are considered the critical barriers that compromise the cyclability of lithium metal batteries (LMB), especially under low N/P ratio (<3) pairing modes. Herein, an ultra‐thin (5 µm), lightweight (0.25 mg cm−2), and moisture‐proof interfacial layer composed of the high‐entropy alloys (denoted as HEAs) and interweaved carbon nanotubes (CNTs) scaffold is constructed to modify the current collector, moreover, the thermally‐induced Li22Si5 alloy blended with the hydrophobic ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) is infiltrated into the scaffold pores as the moisture‐proof cation reservoir. The HEA@CNT/Li22Si5@EVA interfacial layer not only maximizes the Li‐utilization degree with minimal voltage divergence in symmetric cells but also compensates for irreversible Li depletion in the pouch‐format anode‐less models. As the HEA@CNT/Li22Si5@EVA‐Cu substrate paired with the LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode in a 200 mAh prototype, the phase evolution of oxide cathode and efficient Li utilization at the anode substrate can be real‐time monitored by the transmission‐mode operando X‐ray diffraction. This interfacial layer strategy affords multifunctionality to enable the LMB prototyping without excessive Li abuse. Consequently, cycling endurance and the balanced energy densities (420.1 Wh kg−1) are obtained on the whole cell.
Decreasing the O2‐to‐H2O2 Kinetic Energy Barrier on Dilute Binary Alloy Surfaces with Controlled Configurations of Isolated Active Atoms
Authors: Lin Shang‐Cheng , Chang Chun‐Wei , Tsai Meng‐Hsuan , Chen Chih‐Hao , Lin Jui‐Tai , Wu Chia‐Ying , Kao I‐Ting , Jao Wen‐Yang , Wang Chia‐Hsin , Yu Wen‐Yueh , Hu Chi‐Chang , Lin Kun‐Han , Yang Tung‐Han
Published: February 2024

Shifting from the typical 4e– pathway to H2O in electrochemical oxygen reduction to the 2e– pathway to H2O2 is increasingly recognized as an environmentally friendly approach for producing H2O2. However, the competitive 4e− pathway is a significant obstacle to the production of H2O2 since H2O is the thermodynamically favored product. Here, a series of Pt, Pd, and Rh active atoms diluted within inert‐Au matrices with precisely controlled atomic arrangements and coordination environments are synthesized via facet engineering for O2‐to‐H2O2 production. Surprisingly, individually dispersed Pt atoms within the Au surface enclosed by the square atomic arrangements exhibit superior H2O2 selectivity and achieve a maximum selectivity of 90% at 0.36 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. Operando synchrotron ambient pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy identifies the presence of *OOH key intermediates on these isolated Pt active sites. Grand canonical density‐functional theory also reveals that the kinetic energy barrier for the 2e− pathway (0.08 eV; OOH* + H+ + e− →  H2O2) on the isolated Pt sites is significantly lower than the 4e− pathway (0.29 eV; OOH* + H+ + e− → O* +  H2O). This work enables atomic‐scale control in dilute binary alloy surfaces with specific configurations of isolated active atoms and provides essential guidance for catalyst design to boost O2‐to‐H2O2 production.
Dynamic Adaptive Wrinkle‐Structured Silk Fibroin/MXene Composite Fibers for Switchable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Yin Guang , Wu Jing , Ye Lvxuan , Liu Liuxin , Yu Yuxin , Min Peng , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Zhang Hao‐Bin
Published: February 2024

Flexible and dynamic adaptive conductive composite fibers are demanded for functional fabrics and wearable devices, yet the weak interfaces often impair the critical performances for complicated application scenarios. Here, a general and scalable strategy is proposed to construct robust and reversible wrinkle structures on regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) fiber with 2D nanomaterials (i.e., MXene, graphene) by wet‐spinning technique. The dynamic conformation transition of silk fibroin and the core‐shell modulus mismatching together are responsible for the formation of wrinkled structures. Then, it effectively optimizes the interfaces between the assembled nanomaterials and fiber substrate, which significantly reinforce the fibers, complete conductive pathways, and endow exceptional robustness and durability. The MXene‐based fiber shows a high conductivity of ≈1125 S cm−1, far superior tensile strength of 214.3 ± 6.8 MPa and toughness of 15.2 ± 1.5 MJ m−3 as compared to RSF fiber. More interestingly, the transformable wrinkled structure further modulates surface behaviors and properties of the fibers, such as the switchable shielding performances from “off‐state” to “on‐state” induced by humidity. Additionally, the integration of mechanical flexibility and outstanding capacitance (≈829 F cm−3) further expects the great promise of MXene‐based fibers for self‐powered wearable electronics, and intelligent fabrics.