bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A phyco-nanobionics biohybrid system for increased carotenoid accumulation inC. sorokinianaUUIND6
Authors: Bisht Bhawna , Jaiswal Krishna Kumar , Parveen Afreen , Kumar Sanjay , Verma Monu , Kim Hyunook , Vlaskin Mikhail S. , Singh Narpinder , Kumar Vinod
Published: July 2023

Recent advancements in “phyco-nanobionics” have sparked considerable interest in the ability of microalgae to synthesize high-value natural bioactive compounds such as carotenoid pigments, as an emergent and vital bioactive compound.
Oxygen-deficient dopant-free Ti3O5 and Ti2O3 ferromagnetic two-dimensional nanostructures for spin-based electronic devices
Authors: Rahman Md Anisur , Thomas Joseph Palathinkal , Beedel Mahdi , Guan Xiaoyi , Heinig Nina F. , Zhang Lei , Leung Kam Tong
Published: July 2023

In reduced two-dimensional titanium suboxide (TinO2n−1, n = 2, 3, 4…) nanostructures, exchange interactions between the reduced d1 ions and singly charged oxygen vacancy defects induce a remarkably strong dilute ferromagnetic property.
Ionic liquid-dispersed PDMS/SWCNT/Ag@Ni hybrid composite for temperature- and pressure-sensitive smart electromagnetic shielding applications
Authors: Singh Prem Pal , Mondal Ankita , Maity Parna , Khatua Bhanu Bhusan
Published: July 2023

A thermally active ionic liquid (IL) impregnated composite was fabricated for thermally and mechanically controlled smart EMI shielding. Its versatility makes it a good choice for shielding high-end electronic and communication equipment.
In situ coupled nickel-based layered double hydroxides with MXene to enhance supercapacitor performance
Authors: Wang Guorong , Liu Guiquan , Jin Zhiliang
Published: July 2023

Sandwich-like Ti3C2@LDHs were synthesized in a hydrothermal manner. The mass-specific capacitance of Ti3C2@NiV-LDHs and Ti3C2@NiCo-LDHs composite electrodes were improved thanks to the excellent electrical conductivity of Ti3C2.
Inherited disease-linked arginine76/75 mutants in Cx50 and Cx45 showed impaired homotypic and heterotypic gap junction function, but not Cx43
Authors: Li Tianhe , Chen Honghong , Li Xiaole , Stathopulos Peter B. , Bai Donglin
Published: July 2023

Connexins form intercellular communication channels, known as gap junctions (GJs), in many tissues/organs. Mutations in connexin genes are found to be linked to various inherited diseases, but the mechanisms are not fully clear. The Arg76 (R76) in Cx50 is fully conserved across the entire connexin family and is a hotspot for five connexin-linked inherited diseases, including Cx50 and Cx46-linked congenital cataract, Cx43-linked oculodentodigital dysplasia, and Cx45-linked cardiac arrhythmias. To better understand the molecular and cellular mechanism of dysfunction caused by R76/75 mutations, we examined the functional status and properties of GJs containing R76 mutations in Cx50 (R76H/C), Cx43 (R76H/S/C), and Cx45 (R75H) with an emphasis on heterotypic GJs in connexin-deficient model cells. All tested mutants showed an impairment of homotypic GJ function reflected by a decreased coupling% and conductance, except for Cx43 R76H/S. These connexin mutants also showed impaired GJ function when paired with a docking-compatible connexin, such as Cx50/Cx46 or Cx45/Cx43, except for all mutants on Cx43 which formed functional heterotypic GJs with Cx45. Localization studies on fluorescent protein tagged connexin mutants revealed that Cx45 R75H and Cx43 R76C showed impaired localization. Our homology structure models indicated that mutations of R76/75 in these GJs led to a loss of intra- and/or inter-connexin non-covalent interactions (salt bridges) at the sidechain of this residue, which could contribute to the observed GJ impairments underlying diseases. It is interesting that unlike those disease-linked variants in Cx50 and Cx45, Cx43 can tolerate some variations at R76.
Multi objective task resource allocation method based on hierarchical Bayesian adaptive sparsity for edge computing in low voltage stations
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Yan Bofeng , Yu Jia
Published: July 2023

In order to achieve more efficient and optimised resource scheduling, this research carried out a multi‐objective task resource allocation method for low‐voltage station edge computing based on hierarchical Bayesian adaptive sparsity. Based on hierarchical Bayesian adaptive sparsity, the multi‐objective task resource allocation technical framework for edge computing in low‐voltage stations is established, which is composed of end pipe edge cloud; After collecting real‐time operation data of power distribution equipment, substation terminals, transmission terminals, etc. in the architecture end, it is transmitted to the data middle platform and service middle platform of the Internet of Things management platform in the cloud through the edge Internet of Things agent; Set and solve the constraint conditions, and build a multi type flexible load hierarchical optimal allocation model; The abnormal area topology identification sub module of multi‐objective task resource of low‐voltage station area edge computing is used to identify the abnormal area topology of the current low‐voltage station area; Taking it as input, the multi‐objective task resources of edge computing are allocated, and the multi‐objective task resources allocation method of edge computing in low pressure platform area is realized under the differential evolution algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good convergence effect, strong distribution ability, relatively gentle increase in energy consumption, and the calculated results are basically consistent with the actual values, with good effectiveness.
Material characterisation for optical wireless communication combining measurement and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Combeau Pierre , Aveneau Lilian , Le Gac Pierre Thuillier , Xiao Ruqin
Published: July 2023

A method is proposed for optical characterisation of materials, which is a very important input for realistic channel simulation based on Monte‐Carlo Ray‐Tracing algorithms. This original approach consists first of all in carrying out some measurements of the optical power received after propagation in the environment containing the materials sought, using a simple and low‐cost experimental setup. In a second step, this approach is based on an optimization algorithm. It takes as input the optical power measurements made, associated with the parameters of the measurement environment, such as the positions or properties of the sensors. This algorithm searches for the parameters of the material reflection models, minimising the difference between the optical measurement and the simulation. Two cost functions are studied to perform this search and showed that the correlation measure is the more robust one. To avoid uncertainties in the real input data, this approach is discussed using only a virtual configuration with well‐controlled input data and thus a virtual measurement obtained by simulation. The results show that this method produces a correct estimate of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) albedos, provided that the chosen BRDF models correspond well to the reflection behaviour of the materials, and that the materials have a significant influence on the measured optical power.
Flood Modelling Using Integration of Multi-data Analysis and HEC-RAS Model in Mata Allo River, Sulawesi
Authors: Uca  , Lamada Mustari , Arfan Amal , Haris Nurul Afdal
Published: July 2023

The amount of rainfall in a watershed with steep slopes, small cross-sectional areas, and less water catchment areas. This will cause an increase in water discharge in the river which can cause flooding. These characteristics can be found in Mata Allo River, Enrekang Regency. To identify the most flood-hit areas, the simulating model can be done utilizing the HEC-RAS program. Use of Satellite Imagery Data such as Sentinel-2 for extracting land use data information, and Sentinel-1 for data extraction of actual water bodies/rivers. The analysis is carried out by integrating the interpretation results from multi-sensor images with the results of modeling the flood inundation area using HEC-RAS. Based on the analysis results, the land use classification accuracy is 82.9% for Sentinel-2 data using the random forest algorithm. While for the actual extraction of water bodies using Sentinel-1 imagery was 89.6%. Approaching the threshold value between water and non-water bodies is taken using -13.39. The inundation area in the study area reached 87.66ha at the largest discharge model. The most affected land use after integrating each data is built-up land, most of which are settlements covering an area of 47.26ha.
Lineament Extraction Analysis Using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in Lahendong Geothermal Area, North Sulawesi
Authors: Rauf Jayanti , Kayambo Muhammad Ridho , Nurjana Ifhazrin , Manyoe Intan Noviantari
Published: July 2023

Sulawesi is located in the triple junction which makes it has a high complex tectonic setting implicated for the emergence of geothermal potential. Existing geological structure near the research area is only in the top-right of the research area which far from any of the hot spring points. This research aims to analyze the lineament extraction to find out the alleged structure and the density area to determine the permeability of the Lahendong geothermal area using National Digital Elevation Model (DEMNAS) data imagery. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data is processed using Remote Sensing Photogrammetry application to produce lineament extraction. Lineament density map is carried out using a Geographic Information System (SIG) application and then processed to generate rosette diagram. Based on the lineament extraction and lineament density analysis result, we can interpret that the Lahendong geothermal area is dominated with high density, which is interpreted as good permeability. Lineaments in the Lahendong geothermal area is northwest-southeast and almost north-south. The extracted lineament is also providing the alleged structure in the research area.
Characteristics of Volcanic Rock In The Bualemo Area, North Gorontalo District Based On Petrographic Analysis
Authors: Permana Aang Panji , Marfian Fandji , Akase Noviar , Kasim Muhammad
Published: July 2023

The research was conducted in Bualemo Area, Kwandang District, North Gorontalo Regency. The aim of this study was to analyze the petrogenesis of volcanic rocks in the Bualemo Area, North Gorontalo Regency. A mapping technique was utilized in this work to assess the geological conditions of the research site, and petrographic analysis was used to assess the mineral content and rock texture. The findings revealed the stratigraphy of the research region, including an altered andesite unit, an andesite unit, and an alluvial deposit unit, when sorted from old to new. The results of the petrographic analysis show that the rock has a cumoloporphyritic texture, with phenocryst (25%) consisting of plagioclase (60%), k-feldspar (30%), and pyroxene (7%). Pyroxene minerals are all present as phenocrysts, measuring 0.5-0.8 mm, in subhedral-anhedral shape, measuring 0.5-1.5 mm, phenocrysts are starting to turn into secondary minerals, and some are present as relict minerals. The groundmass (75%) consists of predominant plagioclase and minor K-feldspar. The rock is basaltic andesite.
Development of E-Worksheet Based on Realistic Mathematics Education to Support Mathematical Literacy Skills of Junior High School Students
Authors: Sari Novita , Prasetyawati Yunita , Sukmaningthias Novika , Helen Simarmata Ruth
Published: July 2023

The results of the 2018 PISA show that students’ mathematical literacy skills in Indonesia are quite low. This is because students are rarely given assignments in the form of mathematical literacy questions during learning, but students are only used to getting explanations and memorizing formulas. Another cause is that today’s teaching materials tend to go directly to abstract mathematics by starting with the presentation of concepts and formulas and rarely contain literacy questions. This research aims to develop an e-worksheet based on the Realistic Mathematics Education Approach to support the valid and practical literacy skills of junior high school students. The development carried out refers to the Formative Evaluation type by Tessmer, which consists of the preliminary and prototyping stages (expert review, one-to-one, and small group). The research subjects were 8th graders in SMP Negeri 1 Talang Kelapa with 3 students (high, moderate, and low level) for the one-to-one phase and 6 students (high, moderate, and low level) for the small group phase. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data regarding the validity and practicality of the e-worksheet. The results showed that the e-worksheet based on a realistic mathematics education approach to support the mathematical literacy skills of junior high school students is valid, based on the expert review and one-to-one phases, and practical, based on the small group stage. Furthermore, this developed-e-worksheet can be used by teachers or other researchers in the field test phase to see the potential effects given.
Palliativmedizinische Aspekte in der klinischen Akut- und Notfallmedizin sowie Intensivmedizin: Konsensuspapier der DGIIN, DGK, DGP, DGHO, DGfN, DGNI, DGG, DGAI, DGINA und DGPalliativmedizin
,
Authors: Michels Guido , John Stefan , Janssens Uwe , Raake Philip , Schütt Katharina Andrea , Bauersachs Johann , Barchfeld Thomas , Schucher Bernd , Delis Sandra , Karpf-Wissel Rüdiger , Kochanek Matthias , von Bonin Simone , Erley Christiane M. , Kuhlmann Susanne D. , Müllges Wolfgang , Gahn Georg , Heppner Hans Jürgen , Wiese Christoph H. R. , Kluge Stefan , Busch Hans-Jörg , Bausewein Claudia , Schallenburger Manuela , Pin Martin , Neukirchen Martin
Published: July 2023

Die zeitgerechte Integration der Palliativmedizin ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der medizinischen Behandlung von verschiedenen Erkrankungen im fortgeschrittenen Stadium. Während eine erweiterte S3-Leitlinie zur Palliativmedizin für Patienten mit einer nicht heilbaren Krebserkrankung existiert, fehlt bis dato eine Leitlinie für nicht-onkologische Patienten bzw. eine konkrete Empfehlung für Patienten, die in der Notaufnahme oder auf Intensivstation behandelt werden. Basierend auf dem vorliegenden Konsensuspapier wird auf die palliativmedizinischen Aspekte der jeweiligen Fachdisziplinen eingegangen. Durch die zeitgerechte Integration der Palliativversorgung soll eine verbesserte Lebensqualität und Symptomlinderung in der klinischen Akut- und Notfallmedizin sowie Intensivmedizin erreicht werden.
Einstellung von Fachkräften aus den Heilberufen zum Thema
Extremismus und zu Behandlungsoptionen
Authors: Rau Thea , Heimgartner Anna , Mayer Sophia , Allroggen Marc
Published: July 2023

Ziel der Studie Angesichts der Grausamkeit von Terrorakten und
extremistischen Gewalttaten ist es oft unvorstellbar, welche Motive solchen
zugrunde liegen. Analysen zu den Attentaten von Ansbach (2016), Halle (2019)
oder Hanau (2020) zeigten ein Bild von unterschiedlichen psychischen
Auffälligkeiten bei den Tätern, was die Notwendigkeit der
Einbindung von Heilberufen in die Extremismusprävention deutlich macht.
Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheint die Behandlung von Personen mit extremistischer
Einstellung entscheidend, damit negative Konsequenzen für die
Betroffenen, aber auch für die Gesellschaft verhindert werden
können.

Methoden Im Rahmen einer anonymen Online-Befragung wurden
Ärzt:innen und Psychologische Psychotherapeut:innen zu bisherigen
Erfahrungen, Einstellungen und Wünschen bezüglich der Behandlung
von Patient:innen mit extremistischer Einstellung befragt. Weiterhin wurden
Daten bezüglich der eigenen Tätigkeit erfasst.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt nahmen 364 Fachkräfte an der Studie teil,
davon sind 18% Ärzt:innen und 72% Psychologische
Psychotherapeut:innen. Rund 10% der Teilnehmenden sind Fachärzte
außerhalb psychiatrischer Fachrichtungen oder stammen aus anderen
Berufsgruppen. Lediglich ein Fünftel der Teilnehmenden gibt an, sich gut
ausgebildet für die Thematik zu fühlen. Etwa die Hälfte
der Befragten würde einen Therapieplatz anbieten, wenn über die
Patient:innen selbst entschieden werden kann, ebenso hat sich etwa die
Hälfte bereits einmal mit dem Thema Extremismus beschäftigt. Die
Mehrzahl sieht es als notwendig an, sich zukünftig stärker mit
dem Thema zu befassen und gibt einen Fortbildungsbedarf an. Die Analysen zeigen,
dass Ärzt:innen sich bisher etwas stärker mit dem Thema befasst
haben als jene mit psychologisch psychotherapeutischer Ausbildung und
Fachkräfte in niedergelassener Praxis eher einen Zusammenhang zwischen
Extremismus und psychischen Erkrankungen sehen als Fachkräfte in
Kliniken, jedoch weniger bereit wären, Patient:innen mit extremistischer
Einstellung einen Therapieplatz anzubieten.

Diskussion Ärzt:innen und Psychotherapeut:innen weisen einen
Fortbildungsbedarf hinsichtlich dem Thema Extremismus auf und sollten besser auf
die Herausforderungen einer Krankenbehandlung in diesem Zusammenhang vorbereitet
werden.

Schlussfolgerung Damit die Chancen auf eine adäquate Versorgung
von psychisch kranken Menschen mit extremistischer Einstellung erhöht
werden können, sollten zukünftig Angehörige von
Heilberufen, beispielsweise durch Fortbildungsangebote oder
Möglichkeiten der Kooperation, besser auf das Thema vorbereitet
werden.
Predicting procedure duration of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection at Western endoscopy centers
Authors: Dang Hao , Dekkers Nik , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Baldaque-Silva Francisco , Omae Masami , Haasnoot Krijn J.C. , van Tilburg Laurelle , Nobbenhuis Kate , van der Kraan Jolein , Langers Alexandra M.J. , van Hooft Jeanin E. , de Graaf Wilmar , Koch Arjun D. , Didden Paul , Moons Leon M.G. , Hardwick James C.H. , Boonstra Jurjen J.
Published: July 2023

Background and study aims Overcoming logistical obstacles for the implementation of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) requires accurate prediction of procedure times. We aimed to evaluate existing and new prediction models for ESD duration.

Patients and methods Records of all consecutive patients who underwent single, non-hybrid colorectal ESDs before 2020 at three Dutch centers were reviewed. The performance of an Eastern prediction model [GIE 2021;94(1):133–144] was assessed in the Dutch cohort. A prediction model for procedure duration was built using multivariable linear regression. The model’s performance was validated using internal validation by bootstrap resampling, internal-external cross-validation and external validation in an independent Swedish ESD cohort.

Results A total of 435 colorectal ESDs were analyzed (92% en bloc
resections, mean duration 139 minutes, mean tumor size 39 mm). The performance of current
unstandardized time scheduling practice was suboptimal (explained variance: R2=27%). We
successfully validated the Eastern prediction model for colorectal ESD duration <60 minutes
(c-statistic 0.70, 95% CI 0.62–0.77), but this model was limited due to dichotomization of the
outcome and a relatively low frequency (14%) of ESDs completed <60 minutes in the Dutch
centers. The model was more useful with a dichotomization cut-off of 120 minutes (c-statistic:
0.75; 88% and 17% of “easy” and “very difficult” ESDs completed <120 minutes,
respectively). To predict ESD duration as continuous outcome, we developed and validated the
six-variable cESD-TIME formula (https://cesdtimeformula.shinyapps.io/calculator/; optimism-corrected
R2=61%; R2=66% after recalibration of the slope).

Conclusions We provided two useful tools for predicting colorectal ESD duration at Western centers. Further improvements and validations are encouraged with potential local adaptation to optimize time planning.
Synthesis of Stable Neutral Homoaromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Teichert Johannes F. , Tran Ngoc Trung , van der Welle Jasper , Rüffer Tobias
Published: July 2023

We report the synthesis of a variety of stable neutral homoaromatic molecules. The homoaromatic character is supported by bond length analysis (from crystal structure analysis data) and spectroscopic characteristics in NMR experiments. The influence of substitution on these homoannulenes is investigated and their reactivity with electrophiles is shown. First approaches to further functionalization via cross-coupling are demonstrated. The present work lays out a general approach to stable neutral homoaromatic hydrocarbon molecules.
An Alternative Formal Synthesis of (S)-(+)-Vigabatrin
Authors: Thorat Rakesh G. , Chaskar Sudhir P. , Honparkhe Ramchandra , Aghao Arvind K. , Pramanik Chinmoy
Published: July 2023

An improved synthesis of chirally pure advanced pyrrolidone intermediate of the (S)-(+)-vigabatrin, an antiseizure active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is reported. The synthesis is developed using commercially available, cheaper amino acid (R)-methionine. Meldrum’s acid served as a two-carbon homologation unit to access the pyrrolidone intermediate in a short synthetic sequence. The sequence to pyrrolidone intermediate is scalable and eludes the use of organometallic pyrophoric reagents on a large scale.
Gastroduodenal Intussusception Due to Gastric GIST Presenting with Melena
Authors: Jain Ajay Kumar , Sharda Sudesh , Jain Suchita , Singh Arun , Sircar Shohini , Bhagat Priyanka , Balar Tasvir
Published: July 2023

Intussusception rarely occurs among adult patients; however, gastroduodenal intussusception is the most infrequent form of intussusception in adults. Almost all these patients present with abdominal pain and vomiting with or without associated gastrointestinal bleed. But none of the patients reported in the literature have presented with gastrointestinal bleed alone. We report a case of gastroduodenal intussusception who presented with melena alone without abdominal pain and vomiting.
Risk Factors for Bleeding during Endoscopic Necrosectomy: Are We Wiser Now?
Authors: Sachan Anurag , Rana Surinder S.
Published: July 2023

Endoscopic necrosectomy (EN) in acute necrotizing pancreatitis has mortality benefits and may avert the requirement for surgery. However, bleeding is a common adverse event during EN. There is limited knowledge about the risk factors predicting this adverse event and the measures for its management. In this news and views, we discuss recently published studies that evaluated the risk factors for bleeding during EN.
Understanding Why Homeopathic Medicines are Used for Menopause: Searching for Insights into Neuroendocrine Features
Authors: Macías-Cortés Emma
Published: July 2023

Background Menopause is a physiological event that marks the end of a woman's reproductive stage in life. Vasomotor symptoms and changes in mood are among its most important effects. Homeopathy has been used for many years in treating menopausal complaints, though clinical and pre-clinical research in this field is limited. Homeopathy often bases its prescription on neuropsychiatric symptoms, but it is unknown if homeopathic medicines (HMs) exert a neuroendocrine effect that causes an improvement in vasomotor symptoms and mood during menopause.

Objectives The study's objectives were to address the pathophysiological changes of menopause that could help in the understanding of the possible effect of HMs at a neuroendocrine level, to review the current evidence for two of the most frequently prescribed HMs for menopause (Lachesis mutus and Sepia officinalis), and to discuss the future directions of research in this field.

Methods An extensive literature search for the pathophysiologic events of menopause and depression, as well as for the current evidence for HMs in menopause and depression, was performed.

Results Neuroendocrine changes are involved in the pathophysiology of vasomotor symptoms and changes in mood during menopause. Gonadal hormones modulate neurotransmitter systems. Both play a role in mood disorders and temperature regulation. It has been demonstrated that Gelsemium sempervirens, Ignatia amara and Chamomilla matricaria exert anxiolytic effects in rodent models. Lachesis mutus and Sepia officinalis are frequently prescribed for important neuropsychiatric and vasomotor symptoms. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in mood, is among the constituents of the ink of the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis.

Conclusion Based on all the pathophysiologic events of menopause and the improvement in menopausal complaints that certain HMs show in daily practice, these medicines might have a direct or indirect neuroendocrine effect in the body, possibly triggered via an as-yet unidentified biological mechanism. Many unanswered questions in this field require further pre-clinical and clinical research.
Synthetic Tape Augmentation for Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Instability: Surgical Technique
Authors: Townsley Sarah , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: July 2023

Background Dorsal thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) instability can occur after traumatic injury and can lead to persistent pain and dysfunction of the hand. We present a case report of a joint-sparing technique for recurrent thumb CMC instability after failed Eaton–Littler procedure.

Case Description We describe a technique to repair the dorsal radial ligament and augment the repair with dorsal synthetic tape. To illustrate this technique, we describe a patient who underwent the synthetic tape augmentation procedure for recurrent thumb CMC instability after a failed Eaton–Littler reconstruction. Preoperative and postoperative grip strength, appositional pinch, oppositional pinch, radial abduction, palmar abduction, and postoperative quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) were recorded. At final follow-up 18 months after surgery, the patient had returned to manual work without any functional sequelae. The thumb CMC joint was stable and his postoperative QuickDASH score was 15.9.

Literature Review Thumb CMC instability has traditionally been treated with Eaton–Littler ligament reconstruction which uses a slip of flexor carpi radialis tendon to reconstruct the deficient ligaments. More recently, the importance of the dorsal radial ligament in joint stability has been recognized and new procedures have been described to reconstruct the dorsal radial ligament. To our knowledge, synthetic tape augmentation for thumb CMC instability has not yet been described for this pathology.

Clinical Relevance Synthetic tape augmentation for dorsal thumb CMC instability may be considered in the management of dorsal thumb CMC joint instability.
Opportunistic Fungal Invasion in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Review in Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Bano Gulnaz , Malik Abdul , Rasool Yuman , Manzar Samrina , Singh Tarun , Maity Manish
Published: July 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the culprit behind the pandemic across the globe in recent decades. Variants of SARS-CoV especially coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related fungus might not be identified or might be misdiagnosed on a worldwide scale. Patients of COVID-19 acquired invasive mycoses, especially if they are very ill or immunosuppressed. Clinical intervention based on various standard guidelines would be necessary to guarantee that Aspergillus and Candida-infected COVID-19 patients are adequately treated. To facilitate clinical professionals, doctors, paramedics, and laboratory staff in the treatment of various variants of COVID-19 patients with concurrent aspergillosis, candidiasis, mucormycosis, or cryptococcosis, a tabulation format is drafted in this study. We believe it is prudent to take into account the general nature, and variety of the mycosis that is arriving, the strength and limits of the diagnostic tools, clinical conditions, and the need for standardized or customized therapy in various coronavirus-infected patients.
Impact of Preoperative Neuropraxia on Surgical Duration Following Pediatric Supracondylar Fracture of the Humerus: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alayed Yazeed , Alrashedan Bander S. , Almisfer Sultan K. , Aldossari Ali M.
Published: July 2023

Background Supracondylar fractures of the humerus (SCFHs) are the most common type of elbow fracture in children. Because of the influence on functional outcome, neuropraxia is one of the most common concerns at presentation. The impact of preoperative neuropraxia on surgery duration is not extensively probed. The clinical implications of several other risk factors associated with preoperative neuropraxia at presentation may contribute to longer surgical duration of SCFH.

Hypothesis Preoperative neuropraxia is likely to increase surgery duration in patients who sustained SCFH.

Patients and Methods This is a retrospective cohort analysis. Sixty-six patients who sustained surgical pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture were included in the study. Baseline characteristics including age, gender, the type of fracture according to Gartland classification, mechanism of injury, patient weight, side of injury, and associated nerve injury were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was performed using mean surgery duration as the main dependent variable and age, gender, fracture type according to the mechanism of injury, Gartland classification, injured arm, vascular status, time from presentation to surgery, weight, type of surgery, medial K-wire use, and afterhours surgery as the independent variables. A follow-up of 1 year was implemented.

Result The overall preoperative neuropraxia rate was 9.1%. The mean surgery duration was 57.6 ± 5.6 minutes. The mean duration of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning surgeries was 48.5 ± 5.3 minutes, whereas the mean duration of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) surgeries was 129.3 ± 15.1 minutes. Preoperative neuropraxia was associated with an overall increase in the surgery duration (p < 0.017). Bivariate binary regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the increase of surgery duration and flexion-type fracture (odds ratio = 11, p < 0.038) as well as ORIF (odds ratio = 26.2, p < 0.001).

Conclusion Preoperative neuropraxia and flexion-type fractures convey a potential longer surgical duration in pediatric supracondylar fracture.

Level of Evidence Prognostic III.
Kamaraj plan: a perspective from Kashmir
Authors: Mir Abdul Haseeb
Published: July 2023

The nature of politics in Jammu & Kashmir, post-1947, primarily draws its character from three key events. The dismissal of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah in 1953 was the first one, and the launch of Muslim Mutahida Mahaz, an amalgamation of different pro-freedom factions in 1987 was the second. The third one, which forms the moot of this study, the failure of the Kamaraj Plan in 1963, had all it was needed to stimulate the shift in the movement of ‘Self-determination’. It severely cut the movement from its hitherto structural apparatus and allowed new groups to lead the movement. Because of reasons contested, the first two events garnered substantial attention from scholars and political scientists; however the Kamaraj Plan, because it had to witness failure in its designs, had to suffer negligence. It is to fill this gap, the present study aims to probe into the socio-political history of Jammu and Kashmir, arguing that the crisis ignited by Hazratbal relic theft had strong roots in the failure of this plan, with codifying religion in the very bracket of the Kashmir imbroglio. The paper employs Historical institutionalism’s concept of exogenous shocks and policy changes in the system and presents Kamaraj Plan as a ‘Critical Juncture’, which shifted the politics in Jammu and Kashmir in a particular direction.
A flexible and efficient hybrid agricultural subsidy design for promoting food security and safety
Authors: Chen You-hua , Zhang Zhuang , Mishra Ashok K.
Published: July 2023

The quantity and quality of edible agricultural products are critical for food security (quantity) and safety (quality). Supplying consumers with enough safe food is the key responsibility of food production firms. Still, this aim is not always guaranteed because of input capacity constraints and other limitations in the agricultural sector. A hybrid subsidy, a mix of quantity and quality subsidy, could help achieve food security and safety in a country its flexibility. However, the advantages of the hybrid have not been fully investigated. Thus, this paper designs a hybrid subsidy for edible agricultural products by considering cost uncertainties and input resource constraints. All conclusions are obtained by theoretical mathematical analysis. (1) equilibrium solutions under different conditions—cost uncertainties and input constraints—are obtained, and comparative analyses is offered. (2) the results show that the hybrid subsidy is convenient in the trade-off between food quantity and quality, which means a hybrid subsidy policy design is flexible and efficient for food security and safety. (3) cost uncertainties and input resource constraints have significant impacts on the efficiency of the hybrid subsidy. Findings show that the hybrid subsidy is ideal for supporting edible agricultural products. Additionally, we argue that cost uncertainties and input constraints should be considered when making policy efficiency evaluations. This study has a novel contribution to agricultural support policy design.
Elevation and fog-cloud similarity in Tibeto-Burman languages
Authors: Ding Hongdi , Dong Sicong
Published: July 2023

Lexically, 52.99% of the Tibeto-Burman languages, the non-Sinitic branches of the Sino-Tibetan language family, treat fog as something identical or similar to cloud, based on our database of 234 Tibeto-Burman varieties; there are three lexical relations of such fog-cloud similarity in Tibeto-Burman languages, namely cloud colexified with fog, cloud as a hypernym of fog, and cloud as a formative of fog. The rest of the Tibeto-Burman languages use semantically disconnected words to describe fog and cloud. The high proportion of fog-cloud similarity in Tibeto-Burman languages, compared with that of the non-Tibeto-Burman languages spoken alongside the Trans-Himalayan region (i.e., 10.80%, a result based on our database of 213 non-Tibeto-Burman varieties), has its historical reason, namely the relics of Proto-Tibeto-Burman. However, other than the phylogenetic factors, an underlying reason can be attributed to the environmental influence. The present findings indicate that fog-cloud similarity is more likely to happen at higher elevations, particularly between the range of 1000 m to 3000 m above sea level. After reviewing the meteorological features, it is found that the Tibeto-Burman region has ideal conditions for the formation of low cloud, namely with high humidity and through orographic uplift due to the mountainous environment. Since Tibeto-Burman speakers live in high elevations, low cloud, the dominant cloud of the region, may surround them or beneath their view. Therefore, they may find it difficult or not necessary to distinguish fog from low cloud. Our conclusion is also supported by the languages of other families and regions, such as the Daghestanian languages of the Caucasus region and the languages of the Central Andes. Moreover, the present findings agree with the theory of efficient communication. That is, languages displaying fog-cloud similarity are adaptive to higher elevations with less communicative need to distinguish between the two concepts by using completely different and unrelated linguistic forms; on the contrary, languages displaying fog-cloud divergence have stronger need to do so, resulting as well from their adaptation to the extra-linguistic environment. Finally, tropical climates, another possible predictor for fog-cloud similarity, are identified as a future research direction.
Inclusion of Egyptian clover improves the value of sorghum-based cropping systems
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Dixit Anoop Kumar , Singh Tejveer , Choudhary Mukesh , Kantwa Sita Ram
Published: July 2023

Context In developing countries there is a preference to grow food crops rather than forage. However, suitable food–fodder based systems ensure year-round green fodder availability for profitable livestock production. Aims This study aimed to determine whether including single cut Egyptian clover (SEC) in the existing cropping systems could improve system productivity, forage availability and economic returns. Method Nine SEC based cropping systems were tested in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Key results Sorghum–SEC–wheat (late sown) cropping system produced 18% greater wheat equivalent yield compared with a popularly adopted sorghum–wheat system (8.9 Mg ha−1). The water productivity (1.80 kg m−3) of this system was also improved in the sorghum–multi-cut Egyptian clover system (1.74 kg m−3). There was a marginal increase in dry matter yield and crude protein content of the succeeding sorghum crop when it was rotated with Egyptian clover. The inclusion of Egyptian clover also improved the soil organic carbon (23%) and available nitrogen (15%) compared with cereal–cereal systems. The findings identify a sustainable intensification option in the sorghum-based cropping system with short duration Egyptian clover (single cut) as an economically feasible and ecologically effective approach. Conclusion Integration of single cut Egyptian clover in sorghum–wheat rotation as a catch crop recorded greater system productivity, water-use efficiency and economic returns to achieve the sustainable crop intensification. Implication The SEC can be an effective option for diversification and intensification of cropping systems to improve fodder availability, yield, boost income and improve soil health.
Cambrian lobopodians shed light on the origin of the tardigrade body plan
Authors: Kihm Ji-Hoon , Smith Frank W. , Kim Sanghee , Rho Hyun Soo , Zhang Xingliang , Liu Jianni , Park Tae-Yoon S.
Published: July 2023

Phylum Tardigrada (water bears), well known for their cryptobiosis, includes small invertebrates with four paired limbs and is divided into two classes: Eutardigrada and Heterotardigrada. The evolutionary origin of Tardigrada is known to lie within the lobopodians, which are extinct soft-bodied worms with lobopodous limbs mostly discovered at sites of exceptionally well-preserved fossils. Contrary to their closest relatives, onychophorans and euarthropods, the origin of morphological characters of tardigrades remains unclear, and detailed comparison with the lobopodians has not been well explored. Here, we present detailed morphological comparison between tardigrades and Cambrian lobopodians, with a phylogenetic analysis encompassing most of the lobopodians and three panarthropod phyla. The results indicate that the ancestral tardigrades likely had a Cambrian lobopodian–like morphology and shared most recent ancestry with the luolishaniids. Internal relationships within Tardigrada indicate that the ancestral tardigrade had a vermiform body shape without segmental plates, but possessed cuticular structures surrounding the mouth opening, and lobopodous legs terminating with claws, but without digits. This finding is in contrast to the long-standing stygarctid-like ancestor hypothesis. The highly compact and miniaturized body plan of tardigrades evolved after the tardigrade lineage diverged from an ancient shared ancestor with the luolishaniids.
Commemorating local victims of past atrocities and far-right support over time
Authors: Turkoglu Oguzhan , Ditlmann Ruth , Firestone Berenike
Published: July 2023

Does public remembrance of past atrocities lead to decreased support for far-right parties today? Initiatives commemorating past atrocities aim to make visible the victims and crimes committed against them. This runs counter to revisionist actors who attempt to downplay or deny atrocities and victims. Memorials for victims might complicate such attempts and reduce support for revisionist actors. Yet, little empirical evidence exists on whether that happens. In this study, we examine whether exposure to local memorials that commemorate victims of atrocities reduces support for a revisionist far-right party. Our empirical case is the Stolpersteine (“stumbling stones”) memorial in Berlin, Germany. It commemorates victims and survivors of Nazi persecution in front of their last freely chosen place of residence. We employ time-series cross-sectional analyses and a discontinuity design using a panel dataset that matches the location and date of placement of new Stolpersteine with the election results from seven elections (2013 to 2021) at the level of polling station areas. We find that, on average, the presence of Stolpersteine is associated with a 0.96%-point decrease in the far-right vote share in the following election. Our study suggests that local memorials that make past atrocities visible have implications for political behavior in the present.
More than just pattern recognition: Prediction of uncommon protein structure features by AI methods
Authors: Herzberg Osnat , Moult John
Published: July 2023

The CASP14 experiment demonstrated the extraordinary structure modeling capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) methods. That result has ignited a fierce debate about what these methods are actually doing. One of the criticisms has been that the AI does not have any sense of the underlying physics but is merely performing pattern recognition. Here, we address that issue by analyzing the extent to which the methods identify rare structural motifs. The rationale underlying the approach is that a pattern recognition machine tends to choose the more frequently occurring motifs, whereas some sense of subtle energetic factors is required to choose infrequently occurring ones. To reduce the possibility of bias from related experimental structures and to minimize the effect of experimental errors, we examined only CASP14 target protein crystal structures determined to a resolution limit better than 2 Å, which lacked significant amino acid sequence homology to proteins of known structure. In those experimental structures and in the corresponding models, we track
cis
peptides, π-helices, 3
10
-helices, and other small 3D motifs that occur in the PDB database at a frequency of lower than 1% of total amino acid residues. The best-performing AI method, AlphaFold2, captured these uncommon structural elements exquisitely well. All discrepancies appeared to be a consequence of crystal environment effects. We propose that the neural network learned a protein structure potential of mean force, enabling it to correctly identify situations where unusual structural features represent the lowest local free energy because of subtle influences from the atomic environment.
Upper bound for broadband radiofrequency field disruption of magnetic compass orientation in night-migratory songbirds
Authors: Leberecht Bo , Wong Siu Ying , Satish Baladev , Döge Sara , Hindman Jakob , Venkatraman Lalitha , Apte Shambhavi , Haase Katrin , Musielak Isabelle , Dautaj Glen , Solov’yov Ilia A. , Winklhofer Michael , Mouritsen Henrik , Hore P. J.
Published: July 2023

Night-migratory songbirds have a light-dependent magnetic compass sense, the mechanism of which is thought to depend on the photochemical formation of radical pairs in cryptochrome (Cry) proteins located in the retina. The finding that weak radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields can prevent birds from orienting in the Earth’s magnetic field has been regarded as a diagnostic test for this mechanism and as a potential source of information on the identities of the radicals. The maximum frequency that could cause such disorientation has been predicted to lie between 120 and 220 MHz for a flavin–tryptophan radical pair in Cry. Here we show that the magnetic orientation capabilities of Eurasian blackcaps (
Sylvia atricapilla
) are not affected by RF noise in the frequency bands 140 to 150 MHz and 235 to 245 MHz. From a consideration of its internal magnetic interactions, we argue that RF field effects on a flavin-containing radical-pair sensor should be approximately independent of frequency up to 116 MHz and that birds’ sensitivity to RF disorientation should fall by about two orders of magnitude when the frequency exceeds 116 MHz. Taken together with our earlier finding that 75 to 85 MHz RF fields disrupt the magnetic orientation of blackcaps, these results provide compelling evidence that the magnetic compass of migratory birds operates by a radical pair mechanism.
Nuclear compression regulates YAP spatiotemporal fluctuations in living cells
Authors: Koushki Newsha , Ghagre Ajinkya , Srivastava Luv Kishore , Molter Clayton , Ehrlicher Allen J.
Published: July 2023

Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key mechanotransduction protein in diverse physiological and pathological processes; however, a ubiquitous YAP activity regulatory mechanism in living cells has remained elusive. Here, we show that YAP nuclear translocation is highly dynamic during cell movement and is driven by nuclear compression arising from cell contractile work. We resolve the mechanistic role of cytoskeletal contractility in nuclear compression by manipulation of nuclear mechanics. Disrupting the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex reduces nuclear compression for a given contractility and correspondingly decreases YAP localization. Conversely, decreasing nuclear stiffness via silencing of lamin A/C increases nuclear compression and YAP nuclear localization. Finally, using osmotic pressure, we demonstrated that nuclear compression even without active myosin or filamentous actin regulates YAP localization. The relationship between nuclear compression and YAP localization captures a universal mechanism for YAP regulation with broad implications in health and biology.
Phase variation as a major mechanism of adaptation in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex
Authors: Vargas Roger , Luna Michael J. , Freschi Luca , Marin Maximillian , Froom Ruby , Murphy Kenan C. , Campbell Elizabeth A. , Ioerger Thomas R. , Sassetti Christopher M. , Farhat Maha Reda
Published: July 2023

Phase variation induced by insertions and deletions (INDELs) in genomic homopolymeric tracts (HT) can silence and regulate genes in pathogenic bacteria, but this process is not characterized in MTBC (
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex) adaptation. We leverage 31,428 diverse clinical isolates to identify genomic regions including phase-variants under positive selection. Of 87,651 INDEL events that emerge repeatedly across the phylogeny, 12.4% are phase-variants within HTs (0.02% of the genome by length). We estimated the in-vitro frameshift rate in a neutral HT at 100× the neutral substitution rate at

1.1
×

10

-
5

frameshifts/HT/year. Using neutral evolution simulations, we identified 4,098 substitutions and 45 phase-variants to be putatively adaptive to MTBC (
P
< 0.002). We experimentally confirm that a putatively adaptive phase-variant alters the expression of
espA,
a critical mediator of ESX-1-dependent virulence. Our evidence supports the hypothesis that phase variation in the ESX-1 system of MTBC can act as a toggle between antigenicity and survival in the host.