bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÌNH HÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU PHÁT HIỆN CÁC LOÀI VI KHUẨN MỚI TRONG ĐẤT TRỒNG NHÂN SÂM (PANAX L.) TRÊN THẾ GIỚI
Authors: Trâm Trần Bảo , Lan Nguyễn Ngọc , Sen Phạm Hương , Hải Phạm Thế , Thu Hiền Lê Thị , Hiền Nguyễn Thị , Thanh Mai Nguyễn Thị , Chiên Trương Thị
Published: December 2018

Với hàm lượng mùn cao (2-10%), độ ẩm tốt (40-60%), pH hơi chua (khoảng 5-6), đất trồng sâm được coi là một trong những môi trường thích hợp cho vi khuẩn phát triển. Quần xã vi khuẩn trong đất trồng sâm rất đa dạng với nhiều loài mới đã được phát hiện và phân loại. Cho đến nay đã có 152 loài vi khuẩn mới được phân lập từ đất trồng sâm được công bố, chủ yếu ở Hàn Quốc (141 loài), tiếp theo là Trung Quốc (09 loài) và Việt Nam (02 loài). Các loài mới phát hiện được phân loại và xếp nhóm vào 5 ngành lớn gồm: Proteobacteria (48 loài), Bacteroidetes (49 loài), Actinobacteria (34 loài), Firmicutes (20 loài) và Armatimonadetes (01 loài). Ngoài tính mới, những loài được phát hiện còn có tiềm năng ứng dụng trong việc hạn chế các bệnh cây do nấm gây ra, tăng hàm lượng hoạt chất trong củ sâm hay sản xuất chất kích thích sinh trưởng thực vật...Trong đó các nghiên cứu đặc biệt quan tâm đến những loài có đặc tính chuyển hóa các ginsenoside chính (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Re, Rg1) - chiếm tới 80% tổng số ginsenoside trong củ sâm sang dạng các ginsenoside chiếm lượng nhỏ (Rd, Rg3, Rh2, CK, F2) nhưng lại có hoạt tính dược học cao hơn. Sâm Ngọc Linh hay còn được gọi là Sâm Việt Nam (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) – loài đặc hữu của Việt Nam đang được quan tâm phát triển và mở rộng vùng trồng. Tuy nhiên, việc tập trung nghiên cứu sâu về đặc điểm thổ nhưỡng, đặc biệt là hệ vi sinh đất trồng sâm Ngọc Linh chưa có nhiều. Chính vì vậy, bài viết này tổng quan nghiên cứu loài mới trong đất trồng sâm trên thế giới là nguồn tư liệu cần thiết trong việc định hướng nghiên cứu về quần xã vi khuẩn cũng như phát hiện các loài vi khuẩn mới trong đất trồng sâm Ngọc Linh có khả năng ứng dụng và phát triển ở Việt Nam.
ĐÁNH GIÁ CHỈ THỊ SSR VÀ HIỆN TƯỢNG THẮT CỔ CHAI Ở QUẦN THỂ DẦU MÍT (DIPTEROCARPUS COSTATUS) TRONG RỪNG NHIỆT ĐỚI ĐÔNG NAM BỘ
Authors: Đức Nguyễn Minh , Duy Vũ Đình , Việt Thanh Trần Thị , Ngân Nguyễn Thị , Hải Hà Nguyễn Thị , Phương Trang Nguyễn Thị , Tuyết Xuân Bùi Thị , Tâm Nguyễn Minh
Published: December 2018

Loài Dầu mít (Dipterocarpus costatus) là loài phân bố hẹp trong Rừng nhiệt đới núi thấp Đông Nam Bộ. Do khai thác quá mức vào những năm 1980 và 1990, cùng với nơi sống của chúng bị thu nhỏ, loài này được đưa vào Sách đỏ thế giới năm 1998 và cần được bảo vệ. Để bảo tồn loài Dầu mít, đánh giá đa dạng di truyền loài đã được điều tra trên cơ sở phân tích 9 locus microsatellite (SSR), từ 86 cá thể trưởng thành. Chín locus đều có kết quả đa hình. Tổng số 27 allele đã được ghi nhận cho tất cả locus nghiên cứu. Chỉ số băng đa hình (PIC) cho mỗi cặp mồi đa hình trung bình 0,207 (0,034-0,514) và chỉ ra mức độ đa hình thấp. Các giá trị đặc điểm của mỗi cặp mồi SSR cũng được xác định, RP (3,092), PD (0,342) và MI (0,389). Dẫn liệu chỉ mức độ đa dạng di truyền loài Dầu mít ở Rừng nhiệt đới Đông Nam Bộ thấp, số allele cho một locus là NA = 2,3, hệ số gen dị hợp tử quan sát HO = 0,131, hệ số gen dị hợp tử kỳ vọng HE = 0,147 và hệ số cận noãn cao FIS = 0,104- 0,135. Hiện tượng thắt cổ chai cũng được tìm thấy ở Rừng phòng hộ Tân Phú (Đồng Nai) và Vườn Quốc gia Lò Gò - Xa Mát (Tây Ninh) (p<0,01). Kết quả nghiên cứu này đã chỉ ra tầm quan trọng cần phải bảo tồn nguồn gen loài Dầu mít ở Rừng nhiệt đới Đông Nam Bộ.
BIỂU HIỆN VÀ TINH SẠCH PROTEIN M CỦA VIRUS PRRS GÂY BỆNH LỢN TAI XANH BẰNG CÔNG NGHỆ BIỂU HIỆN TẠM THỜI TRONG LÁ THUỐC LÁ NICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA
Authors: Minh Hằng Nguyễn Thị , Thương Hồ Thị , Giang Nguyễn Thu , Vân Phạm Thị , Ngọc Phạm Bích , Nam Nguyễn Trung , Hà Chu Hoàng
Published: December 2018

Hội chứng rối loạn sinh sản và hô hấp ở lợn (Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome - PRRS) do virus PRRS gây ra đã và đang gây thiệt hại lớn về kinh tế cho ngành chăn nuôi ở nhiều quốc gia trên thế giới. Protein M là protein cấu trúc bảo thủ nhất của vius PRRS (PRRSV) và không bị glycosyl hóa. Protein M là yếu tố kích thích việc sản sinh kháng thể trung hòa trong miễn dịch dịch thể ở lợn. Trong nghiên cứu này, đoạn gen mã hóa cho protein M của chủng virus gây Hội chứng rối loạn sinh sản và hô hấp ở lợn (VN07196) được khuếch đại bằng phản ứng PCR sử dụng khuôn là plasmid pGEM-PRRS (VN07196) với cặp mồi đặc hiệu, được gắn kết với promoter 35S, Histag và Cmyc, ELP, nhân dòng trong vector pRTRA và thiết kế vào cấu trúc vetor chuyển gen thực vật pCB301-35S-M-Histag-Cmyc-100xELP. Protein M được biểu hiện trong mô lá cây thuốc lá N. benthamiana bằng công nghệ biểu hiện gen tạm thời nhờ Agrobacterium tumefaciens, protein M gắn ELP được tinh sạch bằng phương pháp mITC đạt hiệu suất 2,1% trên tổng số protein hòa tan, 208 mg/kg lá tươi, hiệu suất thu hồi là 86,5%. Kết quả này góp phần chứng minh sự thành công của thí nghiệm biểu hiện tạm thời kháng nguyên M của PRRSV trong mô lá thuốc lá N. benthamiana. Đây là cơ sở khoa học quan trọng để tiến hành biểu hiện và tinh sạch kháng nguyên M ở quy mô lớn nhằm sản xuất vaccine tiểu đơn vị phòng chống PRRSV.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GENETIC ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND AGRICULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Authors: Ha Nguyen Hai , Bich Hang Pham Le , Hai Nong Van , Thu Hien Le Thi
Published: December 2018

The status of research, development and application of genetic technology in the US has been reflected through efforts and accomplishments in numerous fields including research, medicine, industrial biotechnology and agriculture in the past decades. In the area of medicine, the field of therapeutic purposes on human is the pioneer, in which gene therapy is attempted to carry out in various clinical trials. Diagnostic applications of human diseases which focus primarily on infectious diseases, cancer, pharmacogenomics and screening for inherited diseases by using molecular techniques related to PCR, next generation sequencing are followed. In addition, preparatory studies on human cells utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology have been undertaken in hopes of finding new treatments for cancer and rare form of eye disorder. In the field of agriculture, many large companies in the US have been developing varieties of genetically modified crops with traits of herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, drought resistance and nutrition enhancement. Among the biotech crops, proportion of planted acres of genetically engineered soybean, corn and cotton were increased rapidly and forecasted to expand in the coming years. Studies on generating genetically modified animals and fisheries have also been concentrated in order to not only resist diseases, enhance nutrition, but also provide pharmaceutical compounds. Application of new gene editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 on plants and animals help biotech products have more opportunities to be approved for commercial sale in the US market. In general, although the research and application of genetic engineering in the US has outstripped worldwide, numerous obstacles are still encountered due to serious ethical regulations and controversy regarding to human health and environment. The US government continues to establish suitable policies and invest in science and technology to improve the quality of human life.
MUTATION ANALYSIS OF DJ-1 GENE IN VIETNAMESE PARKINSON’S DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: Giang Ho Truong , Hieu Nguyen Duc , Hoai Thu Nguyen Thi , Nghia Vu Xuan , Bich Thuy Vo Thi
Published: December 2018

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative condition of the brain of uncertain cause that mainly affects older people. Shaking is a distinctive feature of the disease, but slowness, poverty of movement and stiffness interfere with everyday life. A large number of known pathogenic mutations of genes related to PD have been identified. The DJ-1 gene, one of PARK genes, is considered as the primary cause of PD in different populations. The analysis of mutation frequency of the DJ-1 gene in Vietnamese PD patients is necessary to clarify the pathogenic associations of PD with the DJ-1 gene and to understand the pathogenesis and genetic mechanisms of PD. In this study, genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 30 PD patients (mean age 64.11 ± 7.31 years) and 20 controls and directed Sanger sequencing of one fragment of DJ-1 gene, containing the introns 4 and 5 as well as exon 5. The obtained results showed that there were 13 heterozygous or homozygous point mutations in introns 4 and 5. The late-onset sporadic PD (LOPD) patient carried a single homozygous mutation in intron 5 (IVS5+31G>A), and others had a heterozygous mutation, all of unknown significance.  Moreover, both the Ala86Glu and Gly95Leu mutations in exon 5 were present in one LOPD patient suggesting possible change of functional protein. Analysis of these mutations were shown the nonsynonymous and uncertain significant mutation, therefore they may not be related to pathogenic mutations of PD. Further research is needed to study the contribution of the novel found mutation in other PARK genes to the pathogenesis of Vietnamese PD patients.
TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND STARCH HYDROLYTIC ENZYME INHIBITION OF THE EXTRACTS FROM UNPOLISHED COLORED RICES
Authors: Dao Le Hoang , Hung Pham Van
Published: December 2018

The different colors of rice are contributed by various phenolic compounds, which have various health benefits. However, phenolic compounds, which are mostly existed in rice bran and easily lost during milling. Therefore, the consumption of unpolished rice is recommended to prevent from many diseases. The objective of this study is to determine total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity and diabetic enzyme inhibition potential of the extracts of the different unpolished colored rices. Three kinds of unpolished colored rices (unpolished white rice, unpolished red rice and unpolished black rice) grown in Vietnam were used to extract their bioactive compounds by alcoholic solvent extracting method. The results showed that the highest level of total phenolic content (TPC) was found in unpolished red rice (470.96 µg FAE/g db sample), while the lowest was in unpolished white rice (135.84 µg FAE/g db sample). TPC of rice in free form was considerably higher than that in the bound form. Total flavonoid content in free form was also significantly higher than bound form. Total flavonoid content in free form of unpolished black rice (126.75 µg RE/g db sample) was higher than that in the others. In the present study, unpolished red rice extract possessed the best antioxidant activity (78.79%) in most cases, and showed the strongest inhibitory potential against alpha-amylase (78.56%) and amyloglucosidase (36.13%) as well. As a result, extracts of unpolished colored rices could act like both antioxidant and enzyme inhibitors and have a potential to be used in prevention of type 2 diabetes.
HAEMAGGLUTINATION ACTIVITY OF THE EXTRACTS FROM SOME VIETNAM MARINE INVERTEBRATES
Authors: Trung Dinh Thanh , Dieu Trang Vo Thi , Duy Ngoc Ngo Thi , Hoai Trinh Phan Thi , Hai Yen Tran Thi , Hung Le Dinh
Published: December 2018

Aqueous extracts from 21 species of Vietnam marine invertebrates, including 11 bivalve and 10 gastropod species, were examined for haemagglutination activity using native and enzyme-treated different animal and human erythrocytes. The 8 bivalve and 10 gastropod species were found to have haemagglutinination activities toward at least one type of erythrocyte tested. A total of 86% of marine invertebrate species surveyed were active. Strong activity was detected in extracts from two bivalve species (Tridacna squamosa and Geloina coaxans) and three gastropod species (Tutufa rubeta, Pleuroploca trapezium and Tectus conus) with enzyme-treated rabbit, horse and human A, B, O erythrocytes. In a haemagglutination–inhibition test with various monosaccharides and glycoproteins, haemagglutination activities of two extracts from T. rubeta and P. trapezium had no affinity for any of the monosaccharides and glycoproteins tested, while activities of the extracts from T. squamosa and T. conus were strongly inhibited by porcine stomach mucin tested, suggesting the presence of lectins specific for O-glycans of these species. The activities of four marine invertebrate extracts were stable over a wide range ofpH and temperature. The haemagglutination activities of T. rubeta and P. trapezium extracts were independent of the presence of divalent cations, whereas the haemagglutination activity of extracts from T. squamosa and T. conus were slightly dependent on the presence of divalent cations. The results suggest that Vietnam marine invertebrates may be good sources of useful lectins for biochemical and biomedical applications.
An exploration of applicant perceptions of asynchronous video MMIs in medical selection
Authors: Zibarras Lara , Patterson Fiona , Holmes Jessica , Flaxman Charlotte , Kubacki Angela
Published: December 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Over the last two decades, technological advancements internationally have meant that the Internet has become an important medium for recruitment and selection. Consequently, there is an increased need for research that examines the effectiveness of newer technology-mediated selection methods. This exploratory research study qualitatively explored applicant perceptions of fairness of asynchronous video interviews used in medical selection. Ten undergraduate medical students participated in a pilot asynchronous multiple-mini interview and were invited to share their experiences and perceptions in a follow-up interview. The data was transcribed verbatim and analysed using template analysis, with Gilliland's (1993) organisational justice theory guiding the original template. Many of the original themes from Gilliland's model were uncovered during analysis. Additionally, some significant themes were identified that did not form part of the original template and were therefore added to the final coding template - these were specifically relating to technology, including acceptability in a medical context; technical issues and adverse impact. Overall, results suggested that participants perceived asynchronous video interviews to be a fair method of selection. However, participants thought asynchronous interviews should only be used as part of an extensive selection process and furthermore, should not replace face-to-face interviews. Findings are discussed in line with existing research of fairness perceptions and justice theory in selection (Gilliland, 1993) and implications for research and practice are presented.
Early Childhood Development: The Disability Policy and its implications for occupational therapists
Authors: Philpott Susan Carl
Published: December 2018

The White Paper on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities encapsulates the vision not only for persons with disabilities in South Africa, but for every member of a diverse society. This paper discusses the vision of inclusion and mainstreaming contained in the White Paper and critiques the specific provisions for early childhood development, exploring their implications for training and practice of occupational therapists. Recommendations are made as to how these can be strengthened in achieving the vision of an inclusive society in which young children with disabilities are able to realise their potential. Key words: children with disabilities, early childhood development, inclusion, mainstreaming, policy
The heparin-binding proteome in normal pancreas and murine experimental acute pancreatitis v4
Authors: M. Nunes Quentin , Su Dunhao , Thao Bui Phuong , M. Simpson Deborah , J. Brownridge Philip , Sun Changye , Li Yong , X Zhang , Huang Wei , J. Rigden Daniel , J. Beynon Robert , Sutton Robert , G. Fernig David
Published: December 2018

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is acute inflammation of the pancreas, mainly caused by gallstones and alcohol, driven by changes in communication between cells. Heparin-binding proteins (HBPs) play a central role in cell communication. Therefore, we used heparin affinity proteomics to identify extracellular HBPs in pancreas and plasma of normal mice and in a caerulein mouse model of AP. Many new extracellular HBPs (360) were discovered in the pancreas, taking the total number of HBPs known to 786. Extracellular pancreas HBPs form highly interconnected protein-protein interaction networks in both normal pancreas (NP) and AP. Thus, HBPs represent an important set of extracellular proteins with significant regulatory potential in the pancreas. HBPs in NP are associated with biological functions such as molecular transport and cellular movement that underlie pancreatic homeostasis. However, in AP HBPs are associated with additional processes such as acute phase response signalling, complement activation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Plasma HBPs in AP included known AP biomarkers such as serum amyloid A, as well as emerging targets such as histone H2A. Pancreas HBPs are extracellular and so easily accessible and are potential drug targets in AP, whereas plasma HBPs represent potential biomarkers for AP. These need further investigation for potential applications in the management of AP.
Suriye Savaşı ve Halk Sağlığına Etkileri
Authors: İnandı Tacettin , Kabacaoğlu Bilgin Meryem , Canciğer Eltaş Mehtap
Published: December 2018

Toplumsal barış sağlığın en temel belirleyicilerinden biridir. Barışın yerini şiddet ve güvensizliğin alması durumunda sağlık düzeyi göstergeleri hızla düşer. Bu yazıda Suriye Savaşı sonrasında, ortaya çıkan sağlık sorunların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, savaş sonrasında hem Suriye’de hem de komşu ülkelerde bulaşıcı hastalıkların seyrinde önemli bir artış olmuştur. Ana çocuk sağlığı düzeyinde önemli gerilemeler olmuştur. Karşılanmamış gereksinimler nedeni ile sakatlıklar ve ölümler artmıştır. Altı yılda nüfusun %2’den fazlası ölmüş, %10’unda ciddi yaralanma görülmüştür. Yaşam süresi 20 yıl kısalmış, yaşam kalitesi düşmüştür. Toplum ruhsal açıdan sarsılmış ve örselenmiştir. Toplumsal barışın sağlanabilmesi için, başta sağlık çalışanları olmak üzere nedeni ne olursa olsun, her türlü şiddete karşı durmak, sorunların diyalog, tartışma, uzlaşı, ödün verme, özür dileme, hukuk, siyaset gibi barışçıl yollarla çözümü savunulmalıdır. Toplumsal barışın inşası sağlık çalışanlarının ve halk sağlığının temel konularından biri olmalıdır.
Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemlerinin Kent İçi Toplu Taşımaya Etkisi: Erzurum İli Örneği
Authors: ÇODUR Muhammed Yasin , TOPDAĞI Saltuk
Published: December 2018

Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de gelişmekte olan kentlerde
nüfus artışı pek çok soruna yol açmaktadır. Bu sorunlar içerisinde kent içi
ulaşım sorunu önemli bir paya sahiptir. Sorunların çözümü için gerekli en temel
yöntem hızlı, konforlu, güvenlikli ve ekonomik bir toplu taşıma sistemidir.
Ulaştırma alanında yaşanan bu teknolojik yenilikler ve yaşanan ulaşım
sorunlarının artık geleneksel yollar ile çözülememesi akıllı ulaşım
sistemlerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri
uygulamalarının toplu taşıma alanında Erzurum İlinde uygulanma düzeyleri
incelenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak Akıllı
Ulaşım Sistemlerinin Erzurum İlinde toplu taşıma sistemlerinde kullanımını
artıracak uygulamaları ve mevcut durumdaki uygulamaların geliştirilmesine
yönelik tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur.
PERCEPÇÃO DE PUÉRPERAS SOBRE A POSIÇÃO VERTICAL NO PARTO
Authors: De Sousa Joelma Lacerda , Da Silva Iolanda Pereira , Gonçalves Lucimar Ramos Ribeiro , Nery Inez Sampaio , Gomes Ivanilda Sepúlveda , Sousa Larissa Ferreira Cavalcante
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: descrever a percepção de puérperas acerca da posição vertical adotada no trabalho de parto e parto. Método: estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvido em 2014, em uma maternidade de referência de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. As participantes foram oito puérperas com histórico de parto normal na posição vertical. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram quatro categorias: tipo de conhecimento das mulheres sobre as posições verticais; percepção da presença da enfermeira obstetra no processo de parturição como incentivo às posições verticais; recordações da vivência de partos em outras posições; e percepções das puérperas sobre o parto na posição vertical. Conclusões: as puérperas avaliaram positivamente a posição vertical de sua escolha e a relacionaram à maior autonomia da mulher no parto, menor intervenção profissional, descida mais rápida do feto, redução do tempo de trabalho de parto, diminuição da dor e maior conforto.

Descritores: Segunda Fase do Trabalho de Parto. Posicionamento do Paciente. Enfermagem Obstétrica.
Endovasküler tedavi uygulanan posterior inferior serebellar arter (PICA) anevrizmalarının klinik değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ORHAN Gürdal , DAĞLIOĞLU Ergün
Published: December 2018

Amaç: PICA
(posterior inferior serebellar arter) anevrizmaları nadir intrakranial
anevrizmalar olup olguların önemli bir kısmı kanama ile prezente olur. Özellikle
son iki dekadda PICA anevrizmalarının tedavisinde daha çok endovasküler
yöntemler öne çıkmaktadır. PICA orijininin anatomik yapısından dolayı
endovasküler ve cerrahi tedavide güçlükler yaşanmaktadır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu
çalışmada Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde 2014-2018 yılları
arasında endovasküler yöntemlerle tedavi edilen 17 PICA anevrizma olgusunun klinik
ve anjiyografik özellikleri incelenmektedir.

Bulgular: Toplam
17 olgunun 15’i bayan 2’si erkek olup yaş ortalamaları 53.5 olarak tespit
edilmiştir. Dört olguda eşlik eden diğer inrakranial lokalizasyonlarda
anevrizmaya rastlanmıştır. Olguların dördünde anevrizma fuziform disekan tipte
iken diğer 13 olguda anevrizma saküler tipte idi. Fuziform disekan
anevrizmaların çap ortalamaları 8.5 mm iken saküler tip anevrizmaların çap
ortalaması ise 11.4 mm idi. Toplam 2 olguda primer koilleme yapılırken, 5
olguda stent eşliğinde koilleme ve ikisi çift seans olmak üzere toplam 10
olguda akım yönlendiriciler tedavide kullanılmıştır.

Sonuç: Bu
çalışmada PICA anevrizması nedeni ile tedavi edilen 17 olguda sıklıkla akım
yönlendiricilerin tercih edildiği endovasküler tedaviler ile başarılı klinik
sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
O RURAL E O URBANO NO CERRADO SUL-MARANHENSE: Balsas enquanto cenário de reprodução das transformações socioespaciais no pós 1980
Authors: Mota Francisco Lima
Published: December 2018

THE RURAL AND URBAN IN THE CERRADO SUL-MARANHENSE: Balsas while scenario of reproduction of socio-spatial transformations in the post 1980EL RURAL Y URBANO EN EL CERRADO SULMARANHENSE: Balsas como escenario de reproducción de las transformaciones socioespaciales en el post 1980O espaço agrário das áreas do bioma Cerrado vem, nas últimas décadas, passando por um processo de profundas transformações na sua estrutura produtiva como também na sua ordem técnica. Dessa forma, observa-se que os efeitos gerados pela relação que se criou entre os espaços urbanos e rurais, relação esta oriunda de uma agricultura globalizada, passaram por uma total reestruturação das suas bases sociais e econômicas. Por isso, este estudo visa compreender as recentes relações criadas entre o campo e a cidade, vistas agora pela inserção do meio técnico científico informacional através das atividades agrícolas ligadas ao agronegócio sojeiro no município de Balsas na região Sul do estado do Maranhão.Palavras-chave: Espaço Rural; Espaço Urbano; Reestruturação Produtiva; Cidade do Agronegócio.ABSTRACTThe agrarian space of the areas of the Cerrado biome, have seen in the last decades going through a process of deep transformations in its productive structure as well as in its technical order. In this way, it observes that the effects generated by the relationship that has been created between urban and rural spaces, a result of a globalized agriculture, have undergone a total restructuring of their social and economic bases. Therefore, this study aims to understand the recent relationships created between the countryside and the city, now seen by the insertion of the technical informational scientific means through agricultural activities related to the agribusiness sojeiro in the municipality of Balsas in the southern region of the State of Maranhão.Keywords: Rural Space; Urban Space; Productive Restructuring; Agribusiness City.RESUMENEl espacio agrario de las áreas del bioma Cerrado, ven en las últimas décadas pasando por un proceso de profundas transformaciones en su estructura productiva, así como en su orden técnico. De esta forma, observa que los efectos generados por la relación que se creó entre los espacios urbanos y rurales, relación esta oriunda de una agricultura globalizada, pasaron por una total reestructuración de sus bases sociales y económicas. Por eso, este estudio busca comprender las recientes relaciones creadas entre el campo y la ciudad, vistas ahora por la inserción del medio técnico científico informacional a través de las actividades agrícolas ligadas al agronegocio sojero en el municipio de Balsas en la región sur del estado de Maranhão.Palabras clave: Espacio Rural; Espacio Urbano; Reestructuración Productiva; Ciudad del Agronegocio.
A ESCRITA DE CABEÇA PARA BAIXO: um estudo sobre a prática docente
Authors: Pires Maria das Graças Porto , Ferreira Lúcia Gracia , Ferraz Rita de Cássia Souza Nascimento
Published: December 2018

THE HEAD DOWN WRITING: a study on the teaching practiceESCRITURA DE LA CABEZA ABAJO: un estudio sobre la práctica docenteEsse artigo refere-se à experiência vivenciada numa sala de aula multisseriada, de uma escola pública localizada na zona rural de um município do interior da Bahia, com um aluno que apresentava dificuldades de leitura e de escrita (escrevia de cabeça para baixo), durante o ano letivo de 2006. Foram utilizadas como instrumentos a observação e a entrevista. Através dos resultados, observou-se que foi preciso uma mudança na prática pedagógica da professora, envolvendo o aluno nas atividades desenvolvidas na sala de aula de forma que este pudesse interagir com os colegas. Durante a intervenção este aluno passou a escrever no ângulo correto do caderno, mas ainda não lia o que escrevia.Palavras-chave: Escrita; Problema de Aprendizagem; Formação Docente.ABSTRACTThis article refers to an experience lived in a multilevel classroom, a public school located in a rural town in the interior of Bahia, with a student who had difficulties in reading and writing (writing upside down ) During the 2006 school year. The instruments used were observation and interview. From these results, we found that it took a change in the teacher's practice, involving students in activities in the classroom so that it could interact with colleagues. During the intervention these students went on to write the book at the correct angle, but still did not read what she wrote.Keywords: Writing; Learning Problem; Formation Educational.RESUMENEse artículo se refiere a un experiencia vivenciada en un salón de clases de niveles múltiples, una escuela pública situada en un pueblo rural en el interior de Bahía, con un estudiante que había dificultades en la lectura y la escritura (escritura al revés) durante el año escolar 2006. Los instrumentos fueron utilizados como la observación y la entrevista. De estos resultados, encontramos que tuvo un cambio en la práctica del docente, participación de los estudiantes en las actividades en el aula para que pueda interactuar con sus colegas. Durante la intervención estos estudiantes se dedicaron a escribir el libro en el ángulo correcto, pero todavía no he leído lo que escribió.Palabras clave: Escritura; Problema de Aprendizaje; Formación Docente.
PENYIMPANGAN MAKNA DENGAN HOMONIMI DALAM WACANA MEME (KAJIAN SEMANTIK)
Authors: Sukardi Mochamad Ighfir , Sumarlam Sumarlam , Marmanto Sri
Published: December 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) mendeskripsikan bagaimana penggunaan homonimi untuk penyimpangan makna sebagai upaya membangun humor dalam meme. (2) Mendeskripsikan pola penyimpangan makna yang memanfaatkan homonimi. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode simak dengan teknik lanjutan catat. Analisis data menggunakan metode padan referensial dengan teknik hubung banding untuk mendukung kodifikasi, reduksi, penyajian, dan intepretasi sesuai dengan kerangka kerja penelitian kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan relasi makna homonimi meliputi kata dasar, bentukan, asing, dan slang. Ditemukan juga penyimpangan makna dengan memanfaatkan homonimi yang terjadi karena eufemisme, penamaan, dan pemberian jeda. Selain homonimi, ditemukan juga pemanfaatan homofoni dan homografi singkatan kata. Ada tiga pola yang digunakan untuk melakukan penyimpangan makna dengan memanfaatkan homonimi. 1) Kata yang disimpangkan didampingi dengan teks sebagai penjelas. 2) Kata yang disimpangkan didampingi dengan gambar sebagai penjelas. 3) Kata yang disimpangkan tidak muncul dalam simbol bahasa melainkan gambar dengan teks sebagai penjelas. Pemegang peran penting penyimpangan makna dalam meme adalah gambar dan penggunaan kolokasi. Kolokasi yang tepat mampu mengelabuhi pembaca sebelum akhirnya dikejutkan oleh makna kedua.
PSEUDO-BEAUTY: SEXUALITY IN INDAH HANACO’S THE CURSE OF BEAUTY (A STUDY OF CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS)
Authors: Farokhah Fiqih Aisyatul , Habsari Sri Kusumo , Mugijatna Mugijatna
Published: December 2018

This article uses critical discourse analysis to uncover the discourse of pseudo beauty included the shape of the discourse and the reaction of sales promotion girl (SPG) which is represented in Indah Hanaco’s novel The Curse of Beauty. The design of the research is descriptive qualitative. Women wear thick makeup and attractive dress to cover their weakness, and they can be considered as beautiful women. Makeup makes the face more real than the reality thus it is mentioned as pseudo beauty. It makes SPG tries hard to become beautiful and sexy as a way of attracting the consumers. Most of them are trapped in the world of prostitution as the facilitator of sex tourism. SPG and prostitution seemingly become a stereotype that cannot be separated. They are tormented by a falseness and loneliness life in the halfway of hedonism. Capitalism makes them do not have a choice except being SPG which is a side job in sex tourism. These situations are caused by the pseudo beauty which gives them the curse as like represented by Indah Hanaco in her novel The Curse of Beauty.
Estudio comparado: formación para la ciudadanía en el primer ciclo de Educación Secundaria en Uruguay y Cataluña
Authors: Sarochar Juan Manuel
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo expone parte del contenido de una Tesis Doctoral realizada entre fines de 2014 y principios de 2018. El tema contextual del estudio es la formación para la ciudadanía en el ámbito de la educación formal. El objetivo general de la investigación consiste en comparar Uruguay con Cataluña en lo que refiere a los procesos de formación para la ciudadanía, a nivel curricular y normativo, en el primer ciclo de Enseñanza Secundaria. El estudio se realizó mediante la aplicación de la metodología de investigación comparada, desde un enfoque de análisis de tipo cualitativo. Las fuentes de información a las que se recurrió fueron documentos, específicamente textos curriculares y normativos vigentes a la fecha del estudio en ambos territorios, así como informantes calificados. Las técnicas aplicadas para la recolección de información fueron el análisis documental y la entrevista. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las dinámicas de formación para la ciudadanía que tienen lugar en un territorio y en otro acusan marcadas diferencias.
Tecnologías digitales: análisis de planes de profesorado de Uruguay
Authors: Cabrera Borges Claudia , Cabrera Borges Ana , Carámbula Silvia , Pérez Adriana , Pérez Marcela
Published: December 2018

El siguiente artículo presenta un análisis histórico-comparativo de los últimos planes y programas de Formación Inicial Docente (FID) de profesorado de Educación Media en Uruguay en función del lugar asignado a las Tecnologías Digitales (TD). Cabe destacar que este trabajo se enmarca en un proyecto de investigación que busca indagar sobre las posibilidades, ventajas y limitaciones que la integración de TD aporta a la hora de reflexionar sobre las prácticas desarrolladas tanto por docentes en formación inicial como en formación en servicio. En esta instancia en particular se optó por un análisis de documentos y se trabajó con los planes de estudio 2005 y 2008 de la FID correspondientes a la carrera de Profesorado. En el caso del Plan 2005 se revisaron 151 programas de las asignaturas de los diferentes profesorados, en tanto que para 2008 se consultaron 238 programas. El estudio de los datos obtenidos revela, entre otros hallazgos, los siguientes: un relativo retroceso entre el plan actual (2008) y el anterior, ausencia de criterios comunes con respecto al lugar asignado a las TD en los programas de las asignaturas de los diferentes profesorados y referencias irregulares en cuanto a las conexiones entre la asignatura Informática y otras de la formación inicial. En el contexto aquí descrito se deja planteada la reflexión sobre los aspectos clave a considerar a la hora de tomar decisiones que posibiliten la inclusión genuina de las TD en la FID.
INTEGRAL MODEL OF DEVELOPING SYSTEM WITHOUT PREHISTORY
Authors: Apartsyn Anatoly Solmonovich , Markova Evgeniia Vladimirovna , Sidler Inna Vladimirovna
Published: December 2018

The paper addresses integral model of the developing system, in which the moment of its origin coincides with the beginning of the modeling, so there is no prehistory and for t = 0 all the age groups of the elements are empty.
DISCRETE SYSTEMS AND NEIGHBORING STRUCTURES
Authors: Mishachev Nikolay Mikhailovich , Shmyrin Anatoliy Mikhailovich
Published: December 2018

In the article, neighborhood structures (digraphs of a special type) are defined and their relationship with discrete control systems is discussed. The archetypes of the neighborhood structures and the control systems corresponding to these archetypes are listed.
KOLMOGOROV MATRIX, AND A CONTINUOUS MARKOV CHAIN WITH A FINITE NUMBER OF STATES
Authors: Perov Anatoly Ivanovich
Published: December 2018

In terms of ergodicity of averaged systems with constant coefficients (and Kolmogorov matrix), the signs of ergodicity of continuous Markov chains with a finite number of States with periodic and almost periodic coefficients are indicated.
ON EQUATIONS GENERATED BY NONLINEAR NILPOTENT MAPPINGS
Authors: Zhukovskaya Zukhra Tagirovna , Zhukovskiy Sergey Evgenyevich
Published: December 2018

A generalization of a nilpotent linear operator concept is proposed for nonlinear mapping acting from R^2 to R^2. The properties of nonlinear nilpotent mappings are investigated. Criterions of nilpotence for differentiable and polynomial mappings are obtained.
ON OSCILLATION OF SOLUTIONS FOR SOME NONLINEAR EQUATIONS OF POPULATION DYNAMICS
Authors: Sabatulina Tatyana Leonidovna
Published: December 2018

Several nonlinear equations being models of population dynamics and hematopoiesis are considered in this paper. For these equations conditions of oscillation for solutions about nontrivial equilibrium position are obtained.
VOLTERRA FUNCTIONAL-OPERATOR EQUATIONS AND DISTRIBUTED OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Authors: Sumin Vladimir Iosifovich
Published: December 2018

A survey of the results obtained in the theory of optimization of distributed systems by the method of Volterra functional-operator equations is given. Topics are considered: the conditions for preserving the global solvability of controllable initial-boundary value problems, optimality conditions, singular controlled systems in the sense of J.L. Lions, singular optimal controls, numerical optimization methods substantiation and others.
ON SOME PROPERTIES OF QUASI CONVEX FUNCTIONS AND SETS
Authors: Khachatryan Rafik Agasievich
Published: December 2018

The connection between quasi convexity and proximal smoothness (also known as low C^2 property) of functions is verified. For compact sets, it is proved that the properties of quasi convexity and proximal smoothness are equivalent. The Bouligand cones of tangent directions for the sets that are defined by convex functions are constructed.
Jogos interpretativos e palestras: ferramentas de educação ambiental do Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais (Paraná)
Authors: Moreira Jasmine Cardozo
Published: December 2018

A Educação Ambiental pode integrar atividades lúdicas, ao apostar na sensibilização da sociedade para a conservação e proteção dos recursos naturais. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o jogo interpretativo e resultados do Projeto de Educação Ambiental desenvolvido no Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais – Paraná, intitulado “ICMBio vai às escolas: conhecendo as Unidades de Conservação da Natureza”. O projeto apresenta as características relevantes de geodiversidade e biodiversidade local que levaram à criação dessa unidade, buscando o apoio da comunidade para a conservação da região. O projeto tem como foco escolas dos municípios do entorno do Parque. A metodologia englobou pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, apresenta os resultados dos questionários de avaliação da atividade e dados sobre a elaboração e a aplicação do jogo. Conclui-se que o resultado dessas ações contribui para a sensibilização dos estudantes e para mostrar a importância da conservação do patrimônio natural do Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais.
A comunicação para a conservação: o caso do movimento em prol da APA da Escarpa Devoniana (Paraná, Brasil)
Authors: Mochiutti Nair Fernanda B. , Guimarães Gilson Burigo
Published: December 2018

A Área de Proteção Ambiental da Escarpa Devoniana é uma unidade de conservação de uso sustentável criada em 1992, destinada à proteção do patrimônio natural e cultural dos Campos Gerais e da zona de transição entre o Primeiro e o Segundo Planalto Paranaense, incluindo geossítios do patrimônio geológico brasileiro, como a própria Escarpa Devoniana, o Buraco do Padre e os arenitos de Vila Velha. Em 2016 passou a tramitar na Assembleia Legislativa o Projeto de Lei 527/2016, o qual prevê a redução de quase 70% de sua área original. Uma sinergia entre a comunidade científica, acadêmica, conservacionista e a população em geral levou a diversas ações bem  sucedidas de comunicação, tais como: a criação de uma página em rede social em defesa da unidade de conservação; produção de material de divulgação científica, explicação da relevância da unidade e motivos para rejeição do projeto; reportagens em vários veículos; palestras sobre a unidade de conservação e o projeto de lei; e a produção de um documentário, com importante participação de artistas paranaenses. Como resultados o projeto de lei teve suas condições de aprovação fortemente diminuídas e o nível de conhecimento da população sobre o patrimônio natural e cultural da APA da Escarpa Devoniana aumentou significativamente.
Structure of Solidified Films of CaO-SiO2-Na2O Based Low-Fluorine Mold Flux
Authors: Zeng Jianhua , Long Xiao , You Xinchen , Li Min , Wang Qiangqiang , He Shengping
Published: December 2018

As an essential synthetic material used in continuous casting of steels, mold fluxes improve the surface quality of steel slabs. In this study, a CaO-SiO2-Na2O based low-fluorine mold flux was solidified by an improved water-cooled copper probe with different temperatures of molten flux and different probe immersion times. The heat flux through solid films and the film structures were calculated and inspected, respectively. The results indicate: large internal cracks (formed in the glassy layer of films during solidification) were observed, the formation and evolution of those cracks contributed to the the unstable heat flux density. The roughness of the surface in contacted with the water-cooled copper probe formed as films were still glassy and the roughness have no causal relationship with crystallization or devitrification. Combeite with columnar and faceted dendritic shapes is the main crystal in the film.
A Method of Solving Compressible Navier Stokes Equations in Cylindrical Coordinates Using Geometric Algebra
Authors: Moschandreou Terry E.
Published: December 2018

A method of solution to solve the compressible 3D Navier-Stokes Equations in cylindrical co-ordinates coupled to the continuity equation in cylindrical coordinates is presented in terms of an additive solution of the three principle directions in the radial, azimuthal and z directions of flow. A dimensionless parameter is introduced whereby in the large limit case a method of solution is sought for in the boundary layer of the tube. It is concluded that the total divergence of the flow can be expressed as the integral with respect to time of the line integral of the dot product of inertial and azimuthal velocity. The line integral is evaluated on a contour that is annular and traces the boundary layer as time increases in the flow. Finally it's explicit dependence on the gradient of a density function and Laplacian of pressure is shown with complete dependence on the vorticity and it's rate of change for a flow associated with the Navier Stokes equations.
Public Perception of the Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome: A Crowdsourced Study
Authors: Kondziella Daniel , Cheung Man Cheung , Dutta Anirban
Published: December 2018

Background: The vegetative state (VS)/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) denotes brain-injured, awake patients who are seemingly without awareness. Still, up to 15% of these patients show signs of covert consciousness when examined by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or EEG, which is known as cognitive motor dissociation (CMD). Most experts prefer the term unresponsive wakefulness syndrome to avoid the negative connotations associated with vegetative state and to highlight the possibility for CMD. However, the perception of VS/UWS by the public has never been studied systematically. Methods: Using an online crowdsourcing platform, we recruited 1297 participants from 32 countries. We investigated if vegetative state and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome might have a different influence on attitudes towards VS/UWS and CMD. Results: Participants randomized to be inquired about the vegetative state believed that CMD was less common (mean estimated frequency in unresponsive patients 38.07% ± SD 25.15) than participants randomized to unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (42.29% ± SD 26.63; p=0.016). Attitudes towards treatment withdrawal were similar. Most participants preferred unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (60.05%), although a sizeable minority favored vegetative state (24.21%; difference 35.84%, 95% CI 29.36 to 41.87; p<0.0001). Searches on PubMed and Google Trends revealed that unresponsive wakefulness syndrome is increasingly used by academics but not lay people.Discussion: Simply replacing vegetative state with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome may not be fully appropriate given that 1 of 4 prefer the first term. We suggest that physicians take advantage of the controversy around the terminology to explain relatives the concept of CMD and its ethical implications.
Field Trial of Mobile Laboratory of Epidemiologic Survey and Indication. Communication 2. Field Trial of Mobile Laboratory of Epidemiologic Survey and Indication on the Territory of Astrakhan and Saratov Regions, Republic of Kalmykia
Authors: Sharova I. N. , Kutyrev I. V. , Krasovskaya T. Yu. , Chekashov V. N. , Matrosov A. N. , Shilov M. M. , Udovikov A. I. , Dmitrienko V. V. , Zhukovskaya A. P. , Bachaev B. M. , Tyunnikova V. D. , Sandzhiev V. B-Kh. , Kulik A. A. , Gayvoronskiy I. N. , Podsvirov A. V. , Zhuravlev V. I. , Bogdanova T. A. , Leschuk V. A. , Kabin V. V. , Toporkov A. V. , Scherbakova S. A. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: December 2018

Presented are the field trial results of mobile laboratory in the forest-steppe, steppe and semi-desert regions in autumn and winter periods.
Effectiveness of Plague Epizootics Detection upon Investigation of Different Field Material in Tuvinian Natural Focus (Karginsk Mesofocus)
Authors: Rostovtsev M. G. , Kol N. A. , Chouldum A. F. , Kalush Ju. A.
Published: December 2018

Informational value of different biological objects in view of plague agent detection was determined on the basis of analysis of long-term data received in Karginsk' mesofocus of Tuvinian natural plague focus. The dynamics of epizootic process was studied in detail based on the investigation of mass material of three basic types. The results received enabled to determine and clarify the optimal terms of gathering of various field material for laboratory investigations.
Development of the Structure of the Database on the Risks in the Sphere of Biological Safety at the Level of Constituent Unit of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kouklev E. V. , Razdorskiy A. S. , Safronov V. A. , Adamov A. K. , Lopatin A. A. , Toporkov V. P.
Published: December 2018

The criteria approach has been proposed for the development of the database on the risks in the sphere of biological safety in the constituent unit of the Russian Federation. This approach includes application of the following indices: epidemiological, social and demographic ones, those regarding external and internal menaces to the biological safety, characteristics of biological and chemical objects of potential danger. The database is oriented for work as a part of geographical information systems.
Clinical Studies of Vaccine Against Smallpox on the Base of Recombinant Vaccinia b7,5S2-S Strain under the Conditions of Double Oral Vaccination
Authors: Plyasunov I. V. , Sergeev A. A. , Shishkina L. N. , Sergeev Al. A. , Titova K. A. , Agafonov A. P. , Evtin N. K. , Stavskiy E. A. , Drozdov I. G.
Published: December 2018

Volunteers who had been vaccinated against smallpox in their childhood were orally immunized with Revax-BT vaccine - initially with a small dose, then (in 7, 14, 30, 90 and 180 days) with a large one. Slight reactogenicity was observed after the first vaccination whereas revaccination induced no clinical manifestation. Double immunization with this preparation with 1-2 weeks interval proved to be the most effective method: the protective level of virus-neutralizing antibodies to vaccinia virus (VV) was formed in 90-100 % volunteers in a month after vaccination, and 6 months later this index decreased up to 70 %. The recombinant VV was not registered in the samples of blood, saliva and urine taken from the volunteers after double immunization.
Genotypic Peculiarities of Bacillus anthracis Strains with Different Manifestation of Pathogenicity-Associated Features
Authors: Eremenko E. I. , Ryazanova A. G. , Tsygankova E. A. , Tsygankova O. I. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: December 2018

The set of Bacillus anthracis strains and their derivatives with distinct virulence was selected. The strains were characterized as regards phenotypic properties, VNTR-, SNP- and SNR-loci, plasmid composition, genes of toxin and capsule production, and some pathogenecity-related loci. Correlation between certain MLVA-genotype and a set of phenotypic properties indicative of the strains with altered virulence was revealed.
México y el derecho a la salud: hora de expectativas y decisiones
Authors: Artaza-Barrios Osvaldo
Published: December 2018

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