bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rare pleural mucinous cystadenocarcinoma mimicking loculated empyema initially: A case report
Authors: Moon Sung Min , Seon Hyun Ju , Choi Yoo-Duk , Song Sang-Yun
Published: January 2014

We report a case of pleural mucinous cystadenocarcinoma which was mistaken to be a loculated empyema on chest CT. To the best of our knowledge, this entity has never been previously reported in literature.
Significance of various pulmonary and extrapulmonary abnormalities on HRCT of the chest in scleroderma lung
Authors: Pandey Anoop Kumar , Wilcox Pearce , O′ Brien Julie , Ellis Jennifer , Brown Jacquie , Leipsic Jonathon
Published: January 2014

Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are routinely investigated with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest for early detection and accurate characterization of complicating interstitial lung diseases. Though the primary aim of HRCT is to delineate the burden of pulmonary involvement and to characterize the nature of fibrosis to potentially help guide management, it provides an opportunity to evaluate extrapulmonary manifestations, particularly the dilated pulmonary artery, esophageal dilatation, and pericardial abnormalities which have their own clinical significance. The aim of this article is to discuss the significance of various pulmonary and extrapulmonary abnormalities that may be identified on HRCT chest of SSc patients.
Isolated retroaortic left innominate vein in an adult without cardiac or aortic anomalies
Authors: Srinivasan Sivasubramanian , Kannivelu Anbalagan , Ali Syed Zama , See Poh Lye Paul
Published: January 2014

Retroaortic innominate vein is an uncommon variant reported in patients with congenital heart disease. However, isolated retroaortic innominate vein without associated cardiac or arch anomalies is extremely rare. We present a case of a 68-year-old man who was found to have this anomalous variant incidentally on computed tomography (CT) of the thorax. We also briefly discuss its associations, embryology, and clinical significance.
MRI evaluation of pathologies affecting the corpus callosum: A pictorial essay
Authors: Kazi Aamish Z , Joshi Priscilla C , Kelkar Abhimanyu B , Mahajan Mangal S , Ghawate Amit S
Published: January 2014

The corpus callosum is a midline cerebral structure and has a unique embryological development pattern. In this article, we describe the pathophysiology and present imaging findings of various typical/atypical conditions affecting the corpus callosum. Since many of these pathologies have characteristic appearances on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and their therapeutic approaches are poles apart, ranging from medical to surgical, the neuroradiologist should be well aware of them.
Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis with calvarial exostosis - Case report and review of literature
Authors: Thakur Shruti , Thakur Vijay , Sood Ram Gopal , Thakur Charu Smita , Khanna Shweta
Published: January 2014

Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL), also known as Haberland syndrome, is a rare syndrome with unknown etiology. The syndrome is characterized by a triad of unique cutaneous, ocular, and central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. The cutaneous hallmark, nevus psiloliparus (NP), along with overlying alopecia is a constant feature. Choristoma of the eyelid is the most common ocular manifestation, while intracranial lipoma is the predominant CNS finding. Genetic counseling is required to emphasize that the disorder, although congenital, is not inheritable. We present a 21-year-old female with cutaneous, ocular, and CNS features satisfying the diagnostic criteria for ECCL. To our knowledge, this is the first case of ECCL having a large temporal exostosis. The objective of this article is to better understand the phenotypic spectrum of this syndrome whose molecular basis is still unknown.
Qualitative ultrasound elastography assessment of benign thyroid nodules: Patterns and intra-observer acquisition variability
Authors: Lacout Alexis , Chevenet Carole , Thariat Juliette , Figl Andrea , Marcy Pierre-Yves
Published: January 2014

Purpose: To report and evaluate qualitative elastography patterns by using gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound (US) in patients presenting with benign thyroid nodules and to evaluate the reproducibility of US elastography examinations. Materials and Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained, and all patients provided informed consent. Over a 3-month time period, all consecutive adult patients were referred to our institution to undergo a thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) procedure. Patients presenting with benign cytology according to the Bethesda 2008 classification were prospectively enrolled in the study. Each thyroid nodule was assessed by using gray-scale, Doppler US, and elastography acquisitions by a single operator (A. L.). Multiple elastography acquisitions per thyroid nodule were performed and elastography scorings of the nodules were compared with each other. Results: Nineteen patients (16 women and 3 men, mean age 58 years) with 22 thyroid nodules were included in the present study. Elastographic patterns 1, 2, and 3 were reported (23% nodules showed pattern 3). The elastography pattern showed a strong variability in 13 nodules (59%). The elastography acquisition result variability involved the "malignant" pattern 3 in 36% of cases. Conclusion: Almost one-third of benign thyroid nodules displayed pattern 3 on qualitative US elastography. The intra-observer variability of the benign thyroid elastography scoring is wide, thus limiting the thyroid nodule US examination accuracy. In FNAB-proven benign thyroid nodules, elastography pattern 3 is frequent and cannot be used as a strong indicator of thyroid malignancy.
Mammographic and sonographic features of fat necrosis of the breast
Authors: Upadhyaya Vidya S , Uppoor Raghuraj , Shetty Lathika
Published: January 2014

Imaging features of fat necrosis vary depending on its stage of evolution and can mimic malignancy in late stages. Imaging may suffice to differentiate fat necrosis in the early stages from malignancy and thus avoid unnecessary biopsy. In this pictorial essay, we present combination of benign features in mammography and/or ultrasonography (USG) that can lead to imaging diagnosis of fat necrosis. The follow-up imaging features of fat necrosis which mirror its pathophysiological evolution have also been demonstrated. To summarize, in the appropriate clinical setting, no mammographic features suspicious for malignancy should be present. When the typical mammographic features are not present, USG can aid with the diagnosis and follow up USG can confirm it.
Property T and Amenable Transformation Group C*-algebras
Authors: Kamalov F.
Published: January 2014

It is well known that a discrete group that is both amenable and has Kazhdan’s Property T must be finite. In this note we generalize this statement to the case of transformation groups. We show that if G is a discrete amenable group acting on a compact Hausdorff space X, then the transformation group C*-algebra C*(X; G) has Property T if and only if both X and G are finite. Our approach does not rely on the use of tracial states on C*(X; G).
High Prevalence of Rickettsia typhi and Bartonella Species in Rats and Fleas, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Laudisoit Anne , Falay Dadi , Amundala Nicaise , Akaibe Dudu , de Bellocq Joëlle Goüy , Van Houtte Natalie , Breno Matteo , Verheyen Erik , Wilschut Liesbeth , Parola Philippe , Raoult Didier , Socolovschi Cristina
Published: January 2014

The prevalence and identity of Rickettsia and Bartonella in urban rat and flea populations were evaluated in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) by molecular tools. An overall prevalence of 17% Bartonella species and 13% Rickettsia typhi, the agent of murine typhus, was found in the cosmopolitan rat species, Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus that were infested by a majority of Xenopsylla cheopis fleas. Bartonella queenslandensis, Bartonella elizabethae, and three Bartonella genotypes were identified by sequencing in rat specimens, mostly in R. rattus. Rickettsia typhi was detected in 72% of X. cheopis pools, the main vector and reservoir of this zoonotic pathogen. Co-infections were observed in rodents, suggesting a common mammalian host shared by R. typhi and Bartonella spp. Thus, both infections are endemic in DRC and the medical staffs need to be aware knowing the high prevalence of impoverished populations or immunocompromised inhabitants in this area.
Household Characteristics Associated with Rodent Presence and Leptospira Infection in Rural and Urban Communities from Southern Chile
Authors: Muñoz-Zanzi Claudia , Mason Meghan , Encina Carolina , Gonzalez Marcelo , Berg Sergey
Published: January 2014

Rodents are well-recognized reservoirs of Leptospira, contributing to its maintenance in endemic areas and playing a role in the public health risk associated with the infection. This study sought to provide some insights into rodent populations from Chile and their Leptospira carriage. In total, 393 rodents were trapped in 177 households. Higher rodent counts were associated with year 2 of the study, rainfall, and number of rodent signs. There was an inverse correlation with the number of cats. The number of rodents was higher in villages compared with slums (rate ratio = 3.23) but modified by average household age. Eighty rodents (20.4%) tested positive for Leptospira: 19.7% on the farms, 25.9% in villages, and 12.3% in the slums. Prevalence was 22.5% in Mus musculus, 20.7% in Rattus rattus, 21.1% in wild rodents, and 10.3% in R. norvegicus. Seasonal and temporal effects were the major determinants of Leptospira infection in rodent populations.
Unusual Genotypic Distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi Strains Causing Human Infections on Jeju Island
Authors: Yoo Jeong Rae , Heo Sang Taek , Koh Young-Sang , Kim Sohyun , Kim Seok
Published: January 2014

We investigated the clinical characteristics and serologic types of tsutsugamushi disease on the largest island of South Korea. There were 141 patients with tsutsugamushi disease at Jeju National University Hospital and Seogwipo Medical Center between November of 2003 and December of 2012. Median age of patients was 61 years, and 59% were women. The major clinical manifestations were fever (80.5%) and skin rash (55.7%), with eschars evident in 75.8% of the patients. Genotype analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi was conducted in 33 specimens. The genotype was identified as Boryong type in 17 of 33 patients and Taguchi type in 15 of 33 patients. In our study, although the Taguchi genotype is rarely reported in the endemic area, it was common on Jeju Island. This genotype may be associated with mild and moderate forms of tsutsugamushi disease.
Izkušnje z uporabo Evropskega jezikovnega listovnika (EJL) pri odraslih učencih v Sloveniji
Authors: Skela Janez
Published: January 2014

Prispevek najprej osvetli načela in cilje Evropskega jezikovnega listovnika (EJL), ki s svojo zasnovo spodbuja vseživljenjsko učenje tujih jezikov in krepi medkulturne izkušnje na vseh stopnjah učenja. Zatem je pojasnjen nastanek EJL in njegov odnos do Skupnega evropskega jezikovnega okvira (SEJO) – še enega temeljnega instrumenta Sveta Evrope – ker se ju pogosto zamenjuje. V nadaljevanju sta predstavljeni dve osnovni funkciji EJL in njegova zgradba, pri čemer so podrobno opisani njegovi trije obvezni sestavni deli:  jezikovna izkaznica, jezikovni življenjepis in zbirnik. Po tej predstavitvi je prikazan vpliv, ki ga je doslej imel EJL na učenje in poučevanje tujih jezikov v Evropi in širše. Temu sledi predstavitev slovenskih modelov EJL in izkušenj z njihovim uvajanjem v naš šolski prostor. Prispevek se izteče z  obravnavo glavnih značilnosti slovenskega modela EJL za odrasle.
Izobraževalne metode in pristopi v času študija ter pridobljene kompetence v očeh študentov
Authors: Makovec Danijela , Mažgon Jasna , Radovan Marko
Published: January 2014

V članku se ukvarjamo z razvojem strokovnih kompetenc in načini dela v visokošolskem izobraževanju. V raziskavi smo želeli ugotoviti, kako študenti 1. in 3. letnika študija pedagogike iz Beograda ter pedagogike in andragogike iz Ljubljane ocenjujejo kakovost študija in kakšno je njihovo mnenje o njegovih posameznih vidikih. Zanimala so nas mnenja študentov o vsebini in strukturi študija, oblikah izobraževanja in študijskih gradivih ter kako ocenjujejo svojo usposobljenost za opravljanje bodočega poklica. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da so študenti obeh univerz prepoznali študijsko prakso oziroma vaje kot ključne za razvoj strokovnih kompetenc. Med študijskimi aktivnostmi, ki lahko pripomorejo k razvoju kompetenc, so ljubljanski študenti višje ocenili predavanja, samostojni študij in hospitacije. Srbski študenti pa so statistično pomembno više ocenili pomen raziskovalnega dela.
7. EVROPSKA RAZISKOVALNA KONFERENCA ESREA, Berlin, 4.–7. september 2013
Authors: Jelenc Krašovec Sabina
Published: January 2014

Že od leta 1995, ko je ESREA v Stroblu organizirala prvo znanstveno konferenco novoustanovljene zveze raziskovalcev na področju izobraževanja odraslih (ESREA), so ti dogodki eno izmed osrednjih znanstvenih srečanj raziskovalcev s področja andragogike in strokovnjakov, ki se ukvarjajo z izobraževanjem odraslih. ESREA je bila ustanovljena z namenom promoviranja teoretičnega in empiričnega raziskovanja v izobraževanju odraslih, kar uresničuje tako z znanstvenimi srečanji raziskovalcev kot s spodbujanjem mreženja in povezovanja raziskovalcev glede na njihovo področje raziskovanja. Tako v okviru ESREE trenutno deluje 11 omrežij, ki povezujejo strokovnjake z raznolikih raziskovalnih področij (učna kariera odraslih, izobraževanje andragogov, biografsko raziskovanje, spol in izobraževanje odraslih, globalno in lokalno v izobraževanju odraslih, izobraževanje starejših odraslih, migracije, rasizem, homofobija itd.) in od katerih vsaka organizira vsakoletne seminarje in konference s svojega področja. V okviru ESREE pa so organizirane tudi trienalne konference, kjer se srečajo raziskovalci iz vseh raziskovalnih omrežij.
Resource utilization and trophic position of nematodes and harpacticoid copepods in and adjacent to Zostera noltii beds
Authors: Vafeiadou A.-M. , Materatski P. , Adão H. , De Troch M. , Moens T.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. This study examines the resource use and trophic position of nematodes and harpacticoid copepods at the genus/species level in an estuarine food web in Zostera noltii beds and in adjacent bare sediments, using the natural abundance of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Microphytobenthos is among the main resources of most taxa, but seagrass-associated resources (i.e. seagrass detritus and epiphytes) also contribute to meiobenthos nutrition, with seagrass detritus being available also in deeper sediments and in unvegetated patches close to seagrass beds. A predominant dependence on chemoautotrophic bacteria was demonstrated for the nematode genus Terschellingia and the copepod family Cletodidae. A predatory feeding mode is illustrated for Paracomesoma and other Comesomatidae, which were previously considered first-level consumers (deposit feeders) according to their buccal morphology. The considerable variation found in both resource use and trophic level among nematode genera from the same feeding type, and even among congeneric nematode species, shows that interpretation of nematode feeding ecology based purely on mouth morphology should be avoided.
Strategies to Improve the Competence of Public Service Officials In Nigeria
Authors: Omisore Bernard Oladosu
Published: January 2014

Public services play a central role in the well-being, sustainability and growth of communities, cities, and nations. Nigeria’s quest to attain the United Nation’s Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) will be a mirage without the public officers taking the driving seat to lead the process. Improvement in the capacity and ability of public service officials can be harnessed to improve a range of public services (e.g. health, policing, education, environment, local government, policy-making, etc.). The changing global economy, technology, politics, and increased expectations for government performance demand new attention to the complex set of public skills and capacity. Public officials are experiencing intense pressures emanating from increasing global integration - economic, political, social and cultural.New technology, new ways of organizing work, new means of delivering services and an increasing reliance on temporary employment have redefined the nature of public service. Meeting all these challenges requires a unique combination of knowledge, skills, abilities, traits and behaviours, effective human resource development policies and strategies to nurture those competencies. Against the background problems of persistent low performance of the Nigerian Public Service and the inability of the sector to deliver efficient and effective public goods and services, the Obasanjo civilian administration (1999 – 2007) identified the need for a more comprehensive and wide-ranging public sector reforms as part of its overall development framework.The success of the plethora of reform programmes of the federal government of Nigeria will largely depend on the quality of its workforce (public officers) that is statutorily charged with the responsibility to analysing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating policies and programmes of government. For example, if the service fails to deliver to certain standards, a country can lose its competitiveness, lose its direct investments and can lose its talented individuals to other countries (brain drain). While the choices are not always this simple, the ramifications and repercussions of a non-performing public sector are great in its impact and implications to the nation, its people, and its economy. To be able to deliver such levels of service, on the current scale and complexity, the fundamental personal qualities of those who deliver the service becomes imperative and vital.The objective of this paper is to identify strategies for improving the competence of public service officials in Nigeria with a view to moving public management beyond bureaucracy and promote greater economy, efficiency and effectiveness in public service delivery.
Understanding the Various Aspects of Performance Management Systems (Case Study of a Private School)
Authors: Sarwar Shakeel , Ahmed Mashal , Muneer Gulnaz
Published: January 2014

“Treat people the way they are and they will stay that way. Treat people the way they can     become and they will become that way” (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe). Performance management is one of the most important construct in management research. This exploratory study elaborates the various aspects of the performance management system. Researchers have taken a private school as a case study. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance management system of a private school in terms of the appraisal procedures used for the evaluation of teachers and to assess the effectiveness of the performance management system. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research approach has been adopted that consist of a questionnaire and semi structured interviews in order to understand the different aspects of the performance management system. 3 head teachers and 22 teachers have participated in this research. The findings revealed that proper monitoring, effective recognition, rewards and feedback may add value to the overall process of the performance management system. Findings have also shown that the appraisal form is used annually for the evaluation and feedback about teachers is taken only from the class representatives these are the hindering factor in the evaluation system of the case study school. Researchers have also explored some suggestive solutions for the improvement of the current performance management system. The current study will not only contribute to the performance management research but it can also be important study for considering issues during the implementation of performance management system in private schools.
Chronic Liver Lobe Torsion in a Cat
Authors: Nazarali Alim , Singh Ameet , Chalmers Heather , Stevens Brian , Plattner Brandon L.
Published: January 2014

A 13 yr old castrated male blue British shorthair with a 3 mo history of vomiting was diagnosed with a left lateral liver lobe mass following abdominal ultrasonography. At the time of celiotomy, liver lobe torsion (LLT) of the left lateral lobe was also present. Histopathologic evaluation of the liver mass and associated lobe revealed extensive necrosis secondary to chronic torsion. This is the second reported case of LLT in a cat. Both cases were associated with liver masses. The cat presented in this case remained clinically normal 8 mo postoperatively following lobectomy of the affected lobe.
Emphysematous Cystitis and Pyelonephritis in a Nondiabetic Dog and a Diabetic CatS
Authors: Moon Rachel , Biller David S. , Smee Nicole M.
Published: January 2014

Emphysematous cystitis (EC) and emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) are the result of infection of the urinary bladder and kidneys by gas-producing microorganisms. Those infections are most often reported in diabetic patients and rarely occur concurrently. This article describes two cases of concurrent EC and EPN, one in a nondiabetic dog and the other in a diabetic cat. The use of diagnostic imaging is necessary in the diagnosis of emphysematous infections. Both radiography and ultrasonography were used in the diagnosis of EC and EPN in the patients described in this report.
Emergent Presentation of a Cat with Dystrophin-Deficient Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Gambino Anya N. , Mouser Pamela J. , Shelton G. Diane , Winand Nena J.
Published: January 2014

This report describes a case of feline dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy (DDMD) with an atypical clinical presentation. A novel gene mutation is reported to be responsible for dystrophin-deficient hypertrophic muscular dystrophy. In an emergency setting, clinicians should be aware of muscular dystrophy in young cats and the importance of elevated creatine kinase (CK) activity. Muscular dystrophy is rare but can present both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in an emergency setting. Patients with muscular dystrophy have a progressive disease with no specific treatment and have an increased risk for death during their hospital stay.
Treatment of Ibuprofen Toxicosis in a Dog with IV Lipid Emulsion
Authors: Bolfer Luiz , McMichael Maureen , Ngwenyama Thandeka R. , O'Brien Mauria A.
Published: January 2014

A 3 yr old spayed female mixed-breed dog weighing 19.4 kg was evaluated for ingestion of 1,856 mg/kg (180 tablets) of ibuprofen, a human formulated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). At the time of presentation, the patient was alert and hypersalivating, but her mental status rapidly declined to obtunded, stuporous, and then comatose within 30 min of presentation. Initial treatment included supportive therapy with prostaglandin analogs and antiemetics. An IV lipid emulsion (ILE) was administered as a bolus, followed by a constant rate infusion. Clinical signs began to improve approximately 3 hr after completion of the lipid infusion. The patient required supportive care for 3 days before discharge. This case report demonstrates the use of ILE for treatment of ibuprofen toxicosis in a dog. ILE infusion may be a therapeutic option for patients with toxicosis due to lipid-soluble drugs.
Interobserver Variability of Radiographic Pulmonary Nodule Diameter Measurements in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Williams Jackie M. , Graham John P. , Wang Chong
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the interobserver variability of radiographic pulmonary nodule diameter measurements among readers with varying levels of experience. Because interobserver variability may lead to inaccurate estimations of nodule growth on repeat radiographic assessment, an incorrect presumption of malignant etiology or misclassification of tumor response to treatment may result. The maximum diameters of 47 pulmonary nodules from 22 dogs and 7 cats were measured. Measurements were performed using one digital thoracic radiographic projection by eight clinicians. The eight clinicians included two interns, two residents, two board-certified veterinary specialists, and two board-certified veterinary radiologists. A mixed-effect analysis of variance model was used to evaluate the contribution of reader, experience level, patient, nodule, and nodule size to the overall variability in mean pulmonary nodule diameter. The interobserver variability in diameter measurement for any given nodule was 16%, and experience level and nodule size classification did not contribute to measurement variability. Linear measurements of the diameter of a pulmonary nodule can vary significantly among a group of clinicians; however, depending on the criteria used to evaluate nodule growth or tumor response, the 16% interobserver variability reported here is likely not clinically significant.
Participación de factores de condicionamiento Pavloviano en el desarrollo de la tolerancia a los efectos cardiovasculares producidos por la nicotina del tabaco
Authors: Vila Javier , Ruiz Rosa I. , Trejo Fabián , Miranda Florencio
Published: January 2014

Se llevaron a cabo dos experimentos para evaluar la tolerancia a los efectos cardiovasculares de la nicotina del tabaco (0.9 mg por cigarro) en humanos. En el primero, se observó el desarrollo de la tolerancia farmacológica a los efectos de la nicotina sobre la tasa cardíaca; y en el segundo se examinó la participación de procesos de condicionamiento Pavloviano en la tolerancia condicionada y desarrollo de la respuesta condicionada compensatoria (RCC), respuesta que se observó opuesta al incremento inicial provocado en la tasa cardíaca por la nicotina. Se utilizaron dos grupos de participantes en cada experimento. En el primer experimento, un grupo fumó cigarros de tabaco, y el otro, cigarros de lechuga (placebo), durante cinco ensayos. En el segundo experimento, ambos grupos fumaron cigarros de tabaco durante cinco ensayos, un grupo en un contexto distinto y un segundo grupo fumo cigarros de placebo en otro contexto. Los resultados del primer experimento mostraron que la exposición crónica a la nicotina produjo tolerancia aguda a los efectos sobre la tasa cardíaca; mientras que en el segundo experimento, la exposición reiterada de la droga junto con la manipulación del contexto asociado a su administración produjo tolerancia condicionada a los efectos cardiovasculares de la nicotina del tabaco. Asimismo, exhibieron una RCC de disminución de la tasa cardíaca cuando se administró placebo en el contexto donde antes se administró la nicotina. Los resultados son discutidos en términos del modelo de tolerancia condicionada propuesto por Siegel (1977).
¿Izquierda o derecha? El desarrollo de las relaciones espaciales proyectivas en escolares mapuche y no mapuche
Authors: Alonqueo Paula , Silva Elena , Orellana Ligia
Published: January 2014

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito determinar las diferencias en el desarrollo de la identificación izquierda-derecha en escolares mapuche y no mapuche de procedencia urbana y rural. Participaron de este estudio un total de 210 niños escolarizados en escuelas con altos índices de vulnerabilidad social de las regiones chilenas del Bío Bío y La Araucanía, distribuidos en 152 escolares de procedencia rural y 54 de procedencia urbana, cuyas edades oscilaron entre los 6 y los 12 años de edad. Todos los participantes respondieron a una tarea que evaluaba la identificación de izquierda-derecha homolateral, izquierda-derecha contralateral y las relaciones relativas izquierda-derecha entre tres objetos. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los niños mapuche y no mapuche, pues en ambos grupos -especialmente en los escolares del sector rural- el desempeño en la identificación izquierda-derecha estuvo por debajo de las edades de logro descritas para poblaciones occidentales. La identificación de las relaciones relativas entre tres objetos se observó en una cantidad ínfima de niños. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y educativas de los resultados obtenidos, teniendo en cuenta la relevancia del conocimiento espacial para el aprendizaje de conceptos fundamentales del curriculum escolar.
Una revisión de "Psicoterapia evolutiva con niños y adolescentes"
Authors: Krauskopf Dina
Published: January 2014

Autora: María Gabriela SepúlvedaEditorial: MediterráneoLugar de edición: Santiago, ChileNúmero de páginas: 316Año: 2013ISBN: 978-956-220-346-3
La transformación de la familia el caso de los trabajadores del sector textil-confección valenciano
Authors: Obiol Francés Sandra
Published: January 2014

El principal objetivo del artículo es valorar la incidencia del proceso deindividualización en las relaciones familiares de la clase trabajadora. Unanálisis pertinente si tenemos en cuenta la importancia de la familia en laprovisión de bienestar en nuestro país, la capacidad de transformación queha demostrado tener la individualización en la concepción y gestión de losvínculos entre parientes, así como la ausencia de la clase trabajadora delas principales teorizaciones sobre este proceso. Las entrevistas enprofundidad realizadas a trabajadores en el sector del textil-confección enlas comarcas valencianas de l’Alcoià, el Comtat y la Vall d’Albaida permitenconcluir que su concepción de la familia y de las responsabilidades decuidado que se derivan se ha visto infl uida por la individualizaciónpriorizando la satisfacción individual a las normas y convenciones sociales.Sin embargo, sus prácticas responden a pautas todavía muy tradicionalesa causa, en gran medida, de su frágil posición en la estructura social.
¿Autonomía, sumisión o hibridación sonora? La construcción del canon estético del pop-rock español
Authors: Del Val Ripollés Fernán , Noya Javier , Martín Pérez Colman Cristián
Published: January 2014

En este trabajo nos acercamos al análisis del canon estético del pop-rockespañol, entendiendo por este a los músicos, grupos y obras que hantenido más infl uencia en el género en España. Partiendo de la sociologíadel arte de Bourdieu, y de su aplicación en los estudios de músicapopular, hemos analizado las encuestas realizadas entre la crítica musicalespañola, pero también entre los músicos, planteándonos la hipótesis desi existe un canon estético autóctono, o si este está determinado por lainfl uencia anglófona. A partir de los listados o rankings publicados, yafuese en libros o en revistas generalistas o especializadas, hemoscombinado estos datos para obtener un meta-ranking, que hemoscontrastado con algunas pruebas estadísticas. De aquí se han obtenidoalgunos rasgos propios del canon estético español, y algunoscompartidos con el canon anglosajón.
La inserción laboral de ex reclusos. Una aproximación cualitativa
Authors: Esteban Apreda Fernando Osvaldo , De Alós-Moner Vila Ramón , Jódar Martínez Pere , Miguélez Lobo Fausto
Published: January 2014

Uno de los debates recurrentes en criminología pivota en la efectividadde las diversas medidas adoptadas desde el sistema penitenciario parala reinserción de la población reclusa. En este artículo abordamosespecífi camente el análisis de hasta qué punto la formaciónocupacional y los programas de trabajo en los centros penitenciarioscontribuyen a la reinserción social y laboral de los internos y exinternos. El punto de partida es una investigación llevada a cabo enCataluña mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a expertos y areclusos y ex reclusos. Los principales resultados que se resaltan son:a) la formación ocupacional y el trabajo en los talleres contribuyenmoderadamente a la reinserción de los reclusos, según su motivaciónpersonal y recursos sociales; b) no obstante, su función másdeterminante recae en sus aspectos terapéuticos y educativos en lapropia prisión, que ayuda a mantener el orden e, indirectamente, a laresocialización de los reclusos.
La obra de Michael Oakeshott como paradigma del liberalismo conservador
Authors: Baqués Quesada Josep
Published: January 2014

Como ocurre con otros pensadores vinculados a lo que en un sentidolato podemos defi nir como conservadurismo, en el caso de MichaelOakeshott podemos discutir si su orientación es solo conservadora o siincluye argumentos liberales. Pero a menudo él rechazó esta últimaopción. E incluso trató de evitar el clásico debate en el eje izquierdaderecha,cubriendo su obra con un manto de neutralidad. Este análisisdemuestra, por una parte, que la obra de Oakeshott está ideológicamenteorientada y, por otra, que contiene un importante componente liberal. Dehecho, genera una síntesis liberal-conservadora en la que el libremercado aparece no como la mejor sino como la única salida posible enel escenario de prudencia política propuesto. Para ello, primero vamos aconectar a Oakeshott con las principales tradiciones de pensamiento,seguidamente analizaremos las implicaciones teóricas de esta apuesta y,fi nalmente, veremos las consecuencias que se derivan de todo ello en lapráctica política cotidiana.
El consumo de medios informativos y las actitudes hacia los inmigrantes
Authors: Álvarez-Gálvez: Javier
Published: January 2014

Aunque existen evidencias de la importancia de los medios en laformación de actitudes de los españoles hacia el colectivo inmigrante,raramente se diseñan indicadores de encuesta que permitan explicar larelación entre el tratamiento mediático que recibe la inmigración y lasactitudes de los nativos hacia dicho fenómeno. En este trabajo,haciendo uso de una muestra de estudiantes universitarios, se estudiala validez de diferentes tipos de indicadores, centrados en la mediciónde la frecuencia de consumo de medios, el recuerdo de noticias sobreinmigración y el grado de credibilidad mediática, para explicar lasactitudes de racismo y xenofobia. Los resultados evidencian una claraasociación entre el uso de los medios informativos y las actitudes haciala inmigración de los nativos, poniendo así de manifi esto la utilidad deeste tipo de indicadores.
Los modelos territoriales de organización social del cuidado a personas mayores en los hogares
Authors: Martínez Buján Raquel
Published: January 2014

La mercantilización de los cuidados familiares a través del serviciodoméstico y la incorporación de prestaciones económicas desde laentrada en vigor de la «Ley de Promoción de la Autonomía Personal yAtención a las Personas en Situación de Dependencia» (LAPAD) han sidolos cambios más relevantes que en la última década ha experimentado laprovisión del cuidado doméstico dirigido a las personas mayores. Dada ladiferenciación interna existente en España en cuanto a la extensión de losservicios sociales, los subsidios dirigidos a la asistencia y la privatización,el artículo se centra en indagar sobre la emergencia de variados modelosde organización social de los cuidados entre las ComunidadesAutónomas y determinar el carácter regional de los mismos. Mediante laaplicación de un análisis de correspondencias se presenta unaclasifi cación de la distribución territorial de los cuidados familiares,públicos y privados en cada una de las regiones.
The structure of the ovary epidermis emitting odorous compounds in Allium karataviense Regel
Authors: Żuraw Beata , Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Laskowska Halina , Pogroszewska Elżbieta
Published: January 2014

Many plants develop in the petal epidermis papillae emitting essential oils. In species of the genus Allium, papillae occur in the ovary epidermis. The aim of this study was to determine the structure of papillae in Allium karataviense Regel and to perform histochemical tests that would allow the components of their secretion to be investigated, mainly the presence of essential oils. Examination was performed using light and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that in conical papillae, with a height of about 83 μm, there were large cell nuclei, a thick outer wall with a layer of striated cuticle, and a varying degree of cell vacuolation, depending on the age of the ovary. Using histochemical reactions, we demonstrated neutral lipids, acid lipids and pectins to occur in the papillae. Neutral lipids are characteristic of essential oils.
Structure and distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes on above-ground organs in Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Sulborska Aneta
Published: January 2014

Micromorphology and distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes on the above-ground organs of Inula helenium L. were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two types of biseriate glandular trichomes, i.e. sessile and stalk hairs, and non-glandular trichomes were recorded. Sessile glandular trichomes were found on all examined I. helenium organs (with their highest density on the abaxial surface of leaves and disk florets, and on stems), whereas stalk glandular trichomes were found on leaves and stems. Sessile trichomes were characterised by a slightly lower height (58–103 μm) and width (32–35 μm) than the stalk trichomes (62–111 μm x 31–36 μm). Glandular hairs were composed of 5–7 (sessile trichomes) or 6–9 (stalk trichomes) cell tiers. Apical trichome cell tiers exhibited features of secretory cells. Secretion was accumulated in subcuticular space, which expanded and ruptured at the top, and released its content. Histochemical assays showed the presence of lipids and polyphenols, whereas no starch was detected. Non-glandular trichomes were seen on involucral bracts, leaves and stems (more frequently on involucral bracts). Their structure comprised 2–9 cells; basal cells (1–6) were smaller and linearly arranged, while apical cells had a prozenchymatous shape. The apical cell was the longest and sharply pointed. Applied histochemical tests revealed orange-red (presence of lipids) and brow colour (presence of polyphenols) in the apical cells of the trichomes. This may suggest that beside their protective role, the trichomes may participate in secretion of secondary metabolites.
Dendroflora of manor gardens of the early twentieth century in Łęczna county
Authors: Dudkiewicz Margot , Dąbski Marek
Published: January 2014

In the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, new styles in the concept of a naturalistic park were created. The sites from this period located in the Lublin region include, among others, the Milejów manor and the Ciechanki Łańcuchowskie manor. The manor park in Milejów was founded in the nineteenth century in English style. In the park there is a wooden, well–preserved mansion from 1903. However, the manor in Ciechanki is a building in modernist style. Both these park and manor complexes have a rich history and they fully deserve conservator’s protection. A dendrological inventory in Milejów showed 190 woody plants belonging to 22 species, while in Ciechanki – 590 woody plants belonging to 24 species. They are mostly native species associated with deciduous forests – Fraxinus excelsior L., Acer pseudoplatanus L., and Carpinus betulus L. Currently, the parks are gradually becoming naturalised, losing their original spatial arrangement, and they require restoration.
Germination of rye brome (Bromus secalinus L.) seeds under simulated drought and different thermal conditions
Authors: Haliniarz Małgorzata , Kapeluszny Jan , Michałek Sławomir
Published: January 2014

The aim of the present study was to compare the germination of rye brome (Bromus secalinus L.) seeds and the initial growth of seedlings under simulated drought and different thermal conditions. The study included two experiments carried out under laboratory conditions in the spring of 2012. The first experiment involved an evaluation of the speed of germination as well as of the biometric characters and weight of seedlings in polyethylene glycol solutions (PEG 8000) in which the water potential was: -0.2; -0.4; -0.65; -0.9 MPa, and in distilled water as the control treatment. The experiment was conducted at the following temperatures: 25/22oC and 18/14oC day/night, at a relative air humidity of 90%. The other experiment, in which lessive soil was used as a germination substrate, was carried out in a plant growth chamber at two levels of air humidity (55–65% and 85–95%) and temperature (22/10oC and 16/5oC). The soil moisture content was determined by the gravimetric method and the water potential corresponding to it was as follows: -0.02, -0.07, -0.16, -0.49, -1.55 MPa. The germination capacity and emergence of Bromus secalinus as well as the weight of sprouts produced were significantly dependent on the water potential of the polyethylene glycol solution and on the soil water potential. The emergence of Bromus secalinus was completely inhibited by reducing the soil water potential below -0.16 MPa (the point of strong growth inhibition). The emergence and biometric characters of rye bro- me seedlings were significantly dependent on temperature and air humidity.
A diversity of localized timescales in network activity
Authors: Chaudhuri Rishidev , Bernacchia Alberto , Wang Xiao-Jing
Published: January 2014

Neurons show diverse timescales, so that different parts of a network respond with disparate temporal dynamics. Such diversity is observed both when comparing timescales across brain areas and among cells within local populations; the underlying circuit mechanism remains unknown. We examine conditions under which spatially local connectivity can produce such diverse temporal behavior.

In a linear network, timescales are segregated if the eigenvectors of the connectivity matrix are localized to different parts of the network. We develop a framework to predict the shapes of localized eigenvectors. Notably, local connectivity alone is insufficient for separate timescales. However, localization of timescales can be realized by heterogeneity in the connectivity profile, and we demonstrate two classes of network architecture that allow such localization. Our results suggest a framework to relate structural heterogeneity to functional diversity and, beyond neural dynamics, are generally applicable to the relationship between structure and dynamics in biological networks.
Computation identifies structural features that govern neuronal firing properties in slowly adapting touch receptors
Authors: Lesniak Daine R , Marshall Kara L , Wellnitz Scott A , Jenkins Blair A , Baba Yoshichika , Rasband Matthew N , Gerling Gregory J , Lumpkin Ellen A
Published: January 2014

Touch is encoded by cutaneous sensory neurons with diverse morphologies and physiological outputs. How neuronal architecture influences response properties is unknown. To elucidate the origin of firing patterns in branched mechanoreceptors, we combined neuroanatomy, electrophysiology and computation to analyze mouse slowly adapting type I (SAI) afferents. These vertebrate touch receptors, which innervate Merkel cells, encode shape and texture. SAI afferents displayed a high degree of variability in touch-evoked firing and peripheral anatomy. The functional consequence of differences in anatomical architecture was tested by constructing network models representing sequential steps of mechanosensory encoding: skin displacement at touch receptors, mechanotransduction and action-potential initiation. A systematic survey of arbor configurations predicted that the arrangement of mechanotransduction sites at heminodes is a key structural feature that accounts in part for an afferent’s firing properties. These findings identify an anatomical correlate and plausible mechanism to explain the driver effect first described by Adrian and Zotterman.
Nrf1 to the rescue
Authors: Ye Jin
Published: January 2014

When the level of proteasomal activity in a cell drops off, a transcription factor called Nrf1 travels to the nucleus to activate the genes that code for proteasomes.
Contribution of Contrast–Enhanced Sonography in the Detection of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kong Wen-Tao , Wang Wen-Ping , Zhang Wei-Wei , Qiu Yu-Dong , Ding Hong , Huang Bei-Jian
Published: January 2014

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of contrast‐enhanced sonography in the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma up to 3 cm and analyze its dynamic enhancement patterns.

Methods

Forty‐five patients (29 male and 16 female; mean age ± SD, 61.3 ± 10.7 years; range, 38–79 years) with a preliminary diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by contrast‐enhanced sonography were retrospectively analyzed. For each nodule, the enhancement pattern, level, and dynamic change during the arterial, portal, and late phases after the injection of a sulfur hexafluoride microbubble contrast agent were evaluated.

Results

Among the 35 patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 18 nodules showed hyperenhancement during the arterial phase, and 17 showed hypoenhancement. Heterogeneous, peripheral, and partial enhancement were found in 24, 8, and 2 nodules, respectively. However, only 1 nodule showed homogeneous enhancement. During the portal phase, 34 nodules showed hypoenhancement, and 1 showed isoenhancement. Hypoenhancement during the late phase was observed in all cases. Ten patients had a misdiagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Conclusions

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma up to 3 cm may display a variety of arterial enhancement patterns on contrast‐enhanced sonography. However, some other nodules may manifest findings similar to those of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Sonographic Features of Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma in Comparison With Thyroid Follicular Adenoma
Authors: Zhang Ji-Zhen , Hu Bing
Published: January 2014

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine the sonographic features of thyroid follicular carcinoma in comparison with thyroid follicular adenoma.

Methods

This retrospective study included 36 pathologically proven follicular carcinomas (5 widely invasive and 31 minimally invasive) and 52 follicular adenomas in 88 patients who underwent thyroid surgery. We analyzed the sonographic features of each tumor, including maximum diameter, peripheral halo, echogenicity, echo texture, calcifications, and nodularity. The frequencies of the sonographic features were compared by χ2 and Fisher exact tests between follicular adenomas and carcinomas. The relative risk of malignancy was evaluated by logistic regression analysis.

Results

Predominantly solid contents, hypoechoic echogenicity, a heterogeneous echo texture, the presence of calcifications, and an absent or irregular thick halo were associated with follicular carcinoma (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that predominantly solid contents, a heterogeneous echo texture, and the presence of calcifications were associated with significant increases in the relative risk of follicular carcinoma (odds ratios, 9.4, 24.9, and 25.6, respectively; P < .01).

Conclusions

Sonography could provide useful information for differentiating follicular carcinoma from follicular adenoma.