bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kandungan Protein Kasar dan Serat Kasar pada Daun Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea) yang Difermentasi dengan Bakteri Enterobacter cloacae WPL 111 sebagai Bahan Pakan Alternatif Ikan [ Content of Crude Protein and Crude Fiber in Peanut Leaves (Arachis hypogaea) Fermented by Enterobacter cloacae WPL 111 as Alternative Fish Feed Stuff]
Authors: Agustono Agustono , Lokapirnasari Widya Paramita , Pangestu Karlina Hardianing
Published: February 2019

Abstract Feed is an element that really support the activities of aquaculture, there for the feed that is available must be adequate and meet the needs of the fish. Efforts to reduce feed costs, some farmers use alternative feed ingredients as a substitute for feed ingredients. Peanut leaves in the form of flour can be used as fish feed in pellet form. Peanut is potential biological resources to be used as feed to the waste produce sufficient forage nutritional value. Peanut leaves nutrition consist of, the dry matter 96,2754%, 29,7397% crude fiber, 17,2475% crude protein (Unit Inspection Services Consulting and Training of Faculty of Veterinary Medical Laboratory Airlangga University, 2014).This research been used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with five treatments and four replications. The treatment used were control (P0), the provision of Enterobacter cloacae WPL 111 5% (P1), 10% (P2), 15% (P3) and 20% (P4) with each repeated four times. Parameters observed were content of crude protein and crude fiber after fermentation for seven days in anaerob facultative. Data about the contain of crude protein and crude fiber obtained from this studied were analyzed with analysis of variants to determine the effect of treatment. Different between treatments were tested with Duncan;s multiple range test (DMRT). These results indicate that administration Enterobacter cloacae WPL 111 10% gave significant effect of the increase in crude protein content in the fermented leaves peanut and administration Enterobacter cloacae WPL 111 5% gave significant effect of the decrease in crude fiber content in the fermented leaves peanut. The suggested dosage to reduce the content of crude fiber and increase the crude protein content in the fermented leaves peanut is 10%.
Potensi Serbuk Daun Pepaya untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan, Rasio Efisiensi Protein dan Laju Pertumbuhan Relatif pada Budidaya Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
[Papaya Leaf Powder Potential to Improve Efficiency Utilization of Feed, Protein Efficiency Ratio and Relative Growth Rate in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fish Farming]
Authors: Mahasri Gunanti , Sidik Romziah , Isnawati Norma
Published: February 2019

Abstract  Tilapia is a fish that has high economic value and is an important commodity in the business world of freshwater fish. Some of the things that support the importance of commodities tilapia, among others, have a relatively high resistance to disease, have a wide tolerance to environmental conditions, has the ability to grow well and can thrive well in intensive farming systems. Feeding efficiency can reduce production costs, but still has the required nutritional value of fish is an alternative that should be pursued. Several methods are used to improve feed efficiency, including optimizing digestion and absorption of food and increase the efficiency of the protein with the addition of digestive enzymes. There are two types of digestive enzymes in the enzyme or enzymes endogeneous eksogeneous to help accelerate the process of digestion and hydrolysis. One eksogeneous enzyme is an enzyme papain. The purpose of this study is to analyze the improvement of the efficiency of feed utilization, increasing and enhancing the protein efficiency ratio relative to the growth rate of tilapia due to the addition of papaya leaf powder. The method used is a method laboratory experiments. While the research design used in this research is completely randomized design (CRD), with all the factors conditioning the same and homogeneous, except for the treatment factor. Treatments consisted of 3 treatments and repeated each 6 replications, namely: A1: treatment of feeding with powdered papaya leaves 2%, A2: treatment of feeding with powdered papaya leaves 3%, A3: treatment of feeding with powdered leaves of papaya 4% and C: feeding without addition of the enzyme papain (control). The main parameters in this study is the efficiency of feed utilization, protein efficiency ratio of the feed rate relative pertumhuhan on tilapia, fish protein in meat and fish meat thickness. Fish feed without the addition of the enzyme papain proximate tested. Once given the addition of papaya leaf powder, tested proximate feed back. The amount of feed intake was calculated by weighing the amount of feed that has been consumed during treatment (30 days). The research result analysis showed that papaya leaf powder addition of as much as 2% can improve the efficiency of feed utilization in tilapia fish farming amounted to 36.65%, can increase the protein efficiency ratio amounted to 0.55%, could increase the growth rate relative to the cultivation of tilapia by 2,725% , can increase the protein content in the flesh of tilapia by 17.98%. As for the treatment of papaya leaf powder addition of as much as 3% can increase the thickness of the flesh of tilapia by 38.09%
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Fungi pada Ikan Maskoki (Carassius auratus) di Bursa Ikan Hias Gunung Sari Surabaya, Jawa Timur
[Isolation and Indentification of Fungi on the Gold Fish (Carassius auratus) in the Fish Market Gunung Sari Surabaya East Java]
Authors: Kusdarwati Rahayu , Sudarno Sudarno , Hapsari Amalia
Published: February 2019

AbstrakIkan maskoki (Carassius auratus) merupakan ikan hias air tawar yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia salah satunya daerah Jawa Timur. Ikan maskoki merupakan hasil persilangan ikan mas yang banyak dikembangkan di Negara Jepang maupun Cina. Ikan Maskoki memiliki beberapa keunggulan diantaranya dapat dijadikan ikan hias yang jinak, dan memiliki warna yang indah dan bentuk tubuh unik. Meskipun demikian, ikan hias umumnya cukup rawan terserang penyakit. Salah satu penyakit yang berbahaya bagi kegiatan budidaya ikan hias maskoki adalah fungi. Definisi penyakit ialah suatu keadaan atau sakit yang disebabkan oleh organisme patogen, yaitu parasit, virus, bakteri, dan fungi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis fungi yang menginfeksi ikan Maskoki di Bursa Ikan Hias Gunung Sari Surabaya, Jawa Timur. Metode penelitian ini adalah survei. Parameter utama yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis fungi yang menginfeksi ikan maskoki di Bursa Ikan Hias Gunung Sari Surabaya, Jawa Timur. Sedangkan sebagai parameter temperatur, amonia, dan oksigen terlarut yang diukur selama kegiatan sampling.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 25 sampel ikan yang diambil dari 6 lokasi, 11 ekor ikan positif terinfeksi fungi. Fungi tersebut adalah Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium glabrum, Saprolegnia. Perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai tingkat patogenitas dari masing-masing spesies fungi sehingga diperoleh data yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan pencegahan. Abstract The goldfish (Carassius auratus) is one of ornamental freshwater fish in Indonesia, especially in the East Java. The goldfish is produced by crossbreeding that has a long history in Japan and China. The goldfish is benign fish and it has beauty color and unique body. The fungi are one of the problems in fish culture. Prior research has observed, parasite, virus, bacteria, and fungi are the organism pathogen which can spread the diseases that could be founded in goldfish. The purpose of this research to identify the species of fungi that infected the goldfish in fish market Gunung Sari, Surabaya, East Java. The survey method was usee in this research. The parameters observed were fungi that infected the goldfish in fish market Gunung Sari, Surabaya, East Java. The temperature, ammonia and dissolved oxygen of water where the sample was taken were noted. The results showed that among 25 of goldfish samples from 6 different location, 11 samples were positively infected by fungi. The fungi then were identified as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium galbrum, and Saprolegnia based on colony and microscopic morphological observation. The pathogenecity of the fungi founded in goldfish of Gunung Sari, Surabaya, should be check to provide data for prevention purpose.
PROJETO “GINCANA LITERÁRIA”
Authors: Souza Telma Eliane Medeiros de
Published: February 2019

A escola se apresenta como um espaço essencial ao incentivo à leitura. Apesar disso, o ensinamento da literatura tem sido negligenciado nos educandários, uma vez que é tido como pretexto para a prática da língua, propiciando o desinteresse dos alunos pela leitura. Este artigo resulta da elaboração e aplicação de um projeto de leitura denominado “Gincana Literária”, em uma turma de 8º ano de uma Escola Estadual, na cidade de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, e objetiva discutir como o trabalho do professor com projetos voltados para a leitura de obras literárias pode estimular o aluno ao gosto pela leitura.
A SEQUÊNCIA BÁSICA E O CÍRCULO DE LEITURA COMO PRÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS POR MEIO DO CONTO FASTÁSTICO REGIONAL
Authors: Da Silva Reis Ivonildo
Published: February 2019

Atividades de leitura envolvendo o texto literário ainda se fazem pouco presentes nas salas de aula de nosso país. Tendo como base essa realidade, propõe-se aqui a análise do conto O Guajara (SALGUEIRO, 2011), pertencente ao estilo regional e fantástico. Nosso campo de ação é uma turma da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, correspondente ao 6º a 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental 2. Para tanto, realiza-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica e discussão a partir de autores como Cotázar (2006) e Pinheiro (2008). Para o desenvolvimento da atividade, valemo-nos de elementos da sequência básica e do círculo de leitura, explicitados em Cosson (2006). Concebe-se a compreensão e interpretação do texto como um fazer coletivo, de modo que a interação entre aluno/professor/aluno é o procedimento fundante desta prática pedagógica. Um dos caminhos aqui apontados para despertar o interesse pelo texto literário e o prazer por este proporcionado está alicerçado na necessidade de valorizar os saberes culturais do aluno, partindo da região em que ele está inserido.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DA REFERÊNCIA POR MEIO DE TRAÇOS DE SENTIDOS EM UMA NARRATIVA DE SUSPENSE PRODUZIDA POR ALUNOS DE 9º ANO
Authors: FERREIRA NETO JOSÉ ALVES , Custódio Filho Valdinar
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as estratégias de referenciação construídas em uma narrativa de suspense escrita por alunos de 9º ano. A produção textual é resultado de nossa proposta de intervenção vinculada ao Mestrado Profissional em Letras da Universidade Estadual do Ceará. A proposta de intervenção foi aplicada em uma turma de uma escola pública municipal de Fortaleza, a fim de potencializar, pragmática e discursivamente, a produção escrita dos aprendizes, a partir do desenvolvimento das estratégias de referenciação. Consideramos que os processos de referenciação estudados ajudaram os discentes a apresentarem uma escrita mais eficaz, o que se revela pelo domínio que demonstraram para transformar, textualmente, os referentes principais do texto produzido.
CONTRIBUIÇÃO DOS MÉTODOS DE CORREÇÃO DE PRODUÇÃO TEXTUAL PARA AQUISIÇÃO DA ESCRITA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL II
Authors: Rodrigues Cláudia Ribeiro
Published: February 2019

Este artigo discute as contribuições de alguns métodos de correção de produções textuais e também da prática de reescrita para a melhoria da aquisição da escrita, baseando-se em uma pesquisa qualitativa em educação, que teve como corpus textos do gênero resumo produzidos por alunos de uma turma de 9o ano do Ensino Fundamental II de uma escola municipal de Divinópolis-MG. Para isso, ancora-se nos pressupostos teóricos de Antunes (2003; 2006), Bakhtin (1992), Brasil (1998; 2016), Fiad (2009), Franchi (2006), Geraldi (2012), Gonçalves (2010), Machado (2010), Matencio (2003), Ruiz (2010).  Todos os textos produzidos foram corrigidos por três diferentes métodos de correção: indicativa, textual-interativa e lista de verificação e reescritos após cada método aplicado. Os resultados apontam um melhor desempenho dos alunos em relação à escrita após a reescrita com base nas listas de verificação.
O ALUNO COMO PRODUTOR DE ENUNCIADOS ESCRITOS
Authors: Ortega Leliane Regina , Costa-Hübbes Terezinha da Conceição
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho fundamenta-se nos estudos de Bakhtin para analisar a emergência doo aluno como sujeito que produz enunciados na interação com o outro. Para isso, é importante ter clareza sobre seu projeto discursivo, conhecer o gênero discursivo que quer produzir e a esfera de atividade humana na qual pretende atuar. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo  da pesquisa realizada foi observar textos produzidos por alunos do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental, sem os elementos de interação estabelecidos, e compará-los com textos produzidos ao final de um procedimento didático, momento em que os alunos já compreendiam suas produções como enunciados concretos a serviço de uma situação de interação. Como embasamento teórico recorremos a Bakhtin (2010[1979]), Volochínov (2013[1975]) e autores que dialogam com a concepção dialógica da linguagem. Comparamos versões de textos produzidos pelos alunos: a primeira: produção diagnóstica, antes do trabalho do texto como enunciado, e outra posterior, com os alunos conscientes de sua participação na corrente discursiva que circula socialmente. Os resultados demonstram uma preocupação maior com o uso da linguagem ao se perceberem inseridos numa situação real de comunicação.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE FEMININA NO TEXTO DIGITAL TRANSMEDIA THE BIG BANG THEORY
Authors: Sousa Vanda Maria
Published: February 2019

No contexto de uma análise working-in-progress, em torno do texto The Big Bang Theory, o presente momento reflexivo visa, especificamente, verificar se o conceito de gaze male (Mulvey, 2007), reconhecido na cinematografia tradicional (em particular na norte-americana), está (ou não) presente no texto digital transmedia em estudo. Começaremos por estabelecer o ato de fala como performativo da (auto)identidade (Benveniste, 1986); verificaremos a estabilidade do conceito nas narrativas digitais transmedia (Jenkins, 2003, 2011), assim, abrindo o espaço para a leitura das personagens femininas à luz dos estudos de género (Beauvoir, 2008; Butler, 2006; Foucault, 1970; Héritier, 2005; Rich, 1986, 2002; Vidal, 2005; Showalter, 2002). Nesse sentido, estabeleceremos o atual foco de reflexão no episódio 2, da temporada 10, posto que convoca e discute o próprio conceito de personagem no contexto dos textos digitais transmedia. Tomando esse ponto de partida, será feita uma primeira interpretação da construção da identidade feminina, a qual se pretende tornar, futuramente, abrangente ao texto da série em causa, com vista a demonstrar (ou não) a nossa atual premissa.
DESIGNAÇÕES PARA RIACHO/CÓRREGO NA REGIÃO NORTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Sanches Romario Duarte , Moreira Stella Trindade , Razky Abdelhak
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho busca mostrar a variação lexical para o item riacho/córrego nas cidades interioranas da Região Norte do Brasil, além de comparar esses resultados com o estudo feito por Razky e Sanches (2016). Para isso, consultamos o banco de dados do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB). O item lexical analisado corresponde à primeira pergunta do Questionário Semântico-Lexical (QSL). O questionário foi aplicado em 18 cidades da Região Norte e respondido por quatro informantes de cada localidade. Os resultados apontam que a variante igarapé caracteriza o falar do Norte do Brasil nas capitais e nas cidades interioranas.
OS DESCRITORES DA PROVA BRASIL E O LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Dorta Marciane Cocchi , Santana Andréia Cunha Malheiros
Published: February 2019

Esta pesquisa é fruto do Mestrado Profissional em Letras (ProfLetras) e reflete um pouco da realidade do professor da educação básica. A proposta de intervenção buscou identificar quais descritores de Língua Portuguesa cobrados na ANRESC/Prova Brasil apresentaram dificuldades para os alunos de um nono ano de uma escola pública do Norte do Paraná e como esses descritores foram tratados pelo livro didático adotado pela instituição de ensino. Após o levantamento de dados, a intenção final desta pesquisa era socializar os resultados com os professores a fim que eles compreendam plenamente o contexto de implantação das avaliações externas, bem como as limitações do livro didático ao trabalhar os conteúdos cobrados no referido exame. A partir dos resultados, constatou-se que o livro didático analisado traz todos os descritores da Prova, porém com uma abordagem diferente da empregada no referido exame, sem testes no material didático, com pouco diálogo entre a linguagem verbal e suas diferentes variações, o que pode trazer algum tipo de dificuldade aos alunos ao realizarem o teste, espera-se que tais resultados sejam discutidos com o corpo docente da escola e possibilitem que estes compreendam de maneira mais plena a Prova Brasil.
AVALIAÇÃO DE DICIONÁRIOS INFANTIS ILUSTRADOS PARA O ENSINO DE ESPANHOL COMO LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA
Authors: Silva Renata Martins da
Published: February 2019

RESUMO
Apresenta-se aqui uma análise de dicionários infantis ilustrados de espanhol direcionados a crianças brasileiras de seis anos, visto que o professor deste público carece de um panorama que lhe indique quais dicionários podem ser utilizados e como empregá-los. O trabalho tem como objetivos proporcionar-lhes um entendimento mais amplo dessa classe de dicionários e identificar qual é, entre os avaliados, o mais adequado. Os resultados comprovam que i) há uma carência de materiais direcionados a este público e que ii) os dicionários existentes não atendem totalmente às possíveis demandas dos consulentes, embora apresentem melhorias conforme suas datas de publicação.
 
Palavras-chave: dicionários ilustrados; espanhol como língua estrangeira; crianças.
FILVROS: FILMES INERENTES A LIVROS
Authors: Rodrigues Emer Merari
Published: February 2019

RESUMO: O presente estudo propõe algumas reflexões acerca da arte cinematográfica, abordando a sua relevância e construções para chegar aos diversos objetivos de interesse da leitura. A pesquisa trata também das raízes de bloqueios quanto às formas de evolução do leitor que, por vezes, depara-se com obras imbuídas de grande complexidade e impregnadas de uma obscuridade própria da literatura, o que torna necessária uma releitura. Nessa maturação, propõe-se um olhar mais estimulante, o qual vise um pré-caminhar, uma reaproximação da obra ao leitor. A realização da pesquisa se dá através da análise dos filmes Dom, Capitu e O Auto da Compadecida, obras cinematográficas que conseguem inferir literalidade com o máximo de riqueza linguística aos leitores, visando à conectividade, integração e interação entre o Cinema e a Literatura.
Palavras-chave: Cinema. Literatura. Adaptação. Motivação. Leitura.
MESTRADO PROFISSIONAL EM LETRAS E TECNOLOGIA EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Nóbrega Maria Helena
Published: February 2019

As práticas de ensino formal precisam estar em sintonia com as mudanças sociais e profissionais do século XXI. Novas formas de fazer envolvem o uso intensivo de recursos tecnológicos, que também adentram a escola. Este artigo avalia propostas inovadoras para o ensino de línguas, incorporando a tecnologia da web 2.0. Após rever aparatos tecnológicos na educação, o texto avalia o cenário da atualidade, divulgando formas de aquisição de conhecimento on-line. Modelos atualizados de ensino, formatados pelo construtivismo e conectivismo, mostram encaminhamentos possíveis ao professor, que também é incentivado a familiarizar-se com a tecnologia e tornar-se produtor de material didático.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DE OBJETOS DE APRENDIZAGEM NO TRABALHO COM O GÊNERO TEXTUAL CONTO: O JOGO "FONTE DA SORTE"
Authors: Silva Gleice Rayane Macedo , De Jesus Santos Castro Weslin
Published: February 2019

Este artigo relata a aplicação do jogo “Fonte da sorte”, criado no contexto do PROFLETRAS e testado com alunos do 9º ano de duas escolas. Esse objeto de aprendizagem (OA) subsidiou o ensino do conto, especificamente, do enredo. Sua elaboração, aplicação e a análise dos resultados basearam-se nas teorias de: Bronckart (1999), sobre gênero textual; Huizinga (2005), sobre jogo; Mendes et al. (2010) e Tarouco (2011), sobre OA. Com as experiências de testagem, observou-se que o OA atende ao objetivo proposto e viabiliza o ensino de gênero de maneira colaborativa, desenvolvendo competências e realizando ações de linguagem.
O USO DE HQS PIXTON COMO RECURSO DIDÁTICO PARA O ENSINO DA COESÃO E DA COERÊNCIA
Authors: Silva Elisangela Maria da , Oliveira Robson Santos de
Published: February 2019

Este artigo trata do emprego dos quadrinhos digitais Pixton como material de estudo para os elementos textuais coesão e coerência numa perspectiva que coaduna as relações textuais reiteração e conexão (ANTUNES, 2005) as quatro metarregras da coerência de Charolles (1978). Nele discorremos sobre uma atividade interventiva junto a 8 professores de uma escola publica estadual de Pernambuco, cuja intervenção compreendeu duas oficinas pedagógicas que tiveram a finalidade de analisar em HQs Pixton, elaboradas pelos professores que participantes da pesquisa, os elementos coesivos e a relação deles com o processamento da coerência textual.
Lectures and Workshop: In Series of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterial "Plasma Science and Technology for Nanomaterial Engineering
Authors: UNS Dep Of Chemistry
Published: February 2019

Lectures and Workshop: In Series of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterial "Plasma Science and Technology for Nanomaterial Engineering
Pemulihan Lahan Terkontaminasi dari Kegiatan Peleburan Aki Bekas Tanpa Izin di Desa Cinangka, Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Adryansyah Arief
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran kegiatan pemulihan lahan terkontaminasi Pb yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan peleburan Aki bekas tanpa ijin yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Desa Cinangka, Kabupaten Bogor serta mengetahui kandungan kadar pencemar Pb pada air sumur yang dijadikan oleh warga sebagai sumber air baku. Variabel yang akan dikaji di dalam penelitian ini logam berat Pb yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan peleburan Aki bekas dengan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposivesamplingdi Desa Cinangka, Kabupaten Bogor. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan di laboratorium Produktivitas dan Lingkungan (ProLing) IPB–Bogor. Hasil analisis parameter Pb yang terkandung di dalam air telah melebihi baku mutu untuk keperluan hygienesanitasi yang ditetapkan dalam Permenkes nomor 32 tahun 2017 yaitu sebesar 0,123 mg/L dari baku mutu yang ditetapkan sebesar 0,05 mg/L. Studi ini merekomendasikan untuk melakukan kegiatan pemulihan lahan yang masih terkontaminasi Pb di Desa Cinangka, Kabupaten Bogor.
Rootstock and Site Influence Performance of `McIntosh' Apple Trees
Authors: Autio Wesley R. , Lord William J. , Veneman Peter L.M.
Published: February 2019

`Marshall McIntosh' apple trees (Malus domestics Borkh.) on M.7A, M.26, M.9/MM.106, and M.9/MM.111 were planted at 10 locations in Massachusetts. After seven growing seasons, trees on M.7A were the largest and trees on M.26, M.9/MM.106, and M.9/MM.111 were similar in size on all sites. Trees on M.7A outyielded (1986-88) trees on the other rootstock at only three of the 10 sites. At three sites, trees on M.7A and, M.26 were similarly yield-efficient, but on all other sites trees on M.7A were the least efficient. Trees on M.9/MM.111 and M.9/MM.106 were similarly efllcient on all but two sites.
Polyembryony in Undeveloped Monoembryonic Diploid Seeds Crossed with a Citrus Tetraploid
Authors: Oiyama I. , Kobayashi S.
Published: February 2019

Some undeveloped seeds from mature Citrus fruit of monoembryonic diploid cultivars crossed with a tetraploid selection were observed to be polyembryonic. The multiple embryos formed a small mass the the micropylar end. Plants regenerated in vitro from the embryos in polyembryonic seeds were triploid and showed identical peroxidase banding patterns on acrylamide gels. These results indicate that the multiple embryos found in the undeveloped seed from monoembryonic diploid × tetraploid crosses are genetically identical and of zygotic origin.
Three Mimic Mutants for Spindly Branch in Common Bean and Tests for Linkage with Other Mutants
Authors: Bassett Mark J.
Published: February 2019

The inheritance of two new induced mutations for spindly branch was investigated in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Each mutant was found to be controlled by a recessive gene. Allelism tests were performed beween a previously reported spindly branch mutant (sb) and the two new spindly branch mutants; the new mutants were found to be nonallelic to sb and to each other. The gene symbols sb-2 and sb-3 are proposed for the new mutants. Repulsion phase F2 linkage tests were made for all nine combinations of reclining foliage (rf) and sb among the two mimic mutant series rf, rf-2, rf-3 and sb, sb-2, sb-3. No linkages were detected.
INHERITANCE OF FLOWERING TIME AND ITS APPLICATION FOR INDIRECT SELECTION IN THE DAVIS POPULATION OF GERBERA
Authors: Yu Yiran , Harding James , Byrne Thomas
Published: February 2019

Genetic components of variance and heritability of flowering time were estimated for five generations of the Davis Populationof Gerbera hybrids, Composite, Estimates of narrow-sense heritability averaged 0.50 and broad-sense heritability averaged 0.77 using the NCII design. Narrow-sense heritability was also estimated with two models of parent-offspring regression, resulting in average heritability of 0.49 and 0.51. Estimates of components of variance indicated that the major genetic effect controlling flowering time is additive. However, the dominance component accounted for 28% of the total variance; the environmental component was only 23%. Flowering time is negatively correlated with cut-flower yield. The phenotypic coefficient was –0.34; genetic correlations were –0.47 when estimated from the NCII design, and –0.72 when estimated from the parent-off-spring method. A practical model was constructed to assess the efficiency of indirect selection for cut-flower yield using flowering time as a marker trait. The advantages of indirect selection accruing from increased population size and reduced generation time are discussed.
Palmette-leader and Central-leader Tree Forms Compared for Light Distribution, Productivity, and Fruit Quality of `McIntosh' Apple Trees
Authors: Elfving D.C. , Schechter I. , Cline R.A. , Pierce W.F.
Published: February 2019

Mature `Macspur McIntosh'/MM.106 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) trained to the central-leader (CL) tree form were converted to the palmette-leader (PL) tree form in 1987 by removal of east- and west-oriented scaffolds in the upper canopy. Control trees were pruned to maintain the CL form. Dormant pruning in subsequent seasons maintained either tree form. No summer pruning was done. Canopy light levels along horizontal transects 1 m above the soil and vertical transects, both through the center of the canopy, were unaffected by tree form or transect direction. Yields were significantly lower for PL trees in 1987 and 1989, while yield efficiency was reduced in PL trees in all 3 years. Fruit size, trunk cross-sectional area growth, and foliar macronutrient content were unaffected by tree form. Fruit color development in both the upper and lower halves of the canopy was not influenced by tree form during the study.
Production of Steroid Saponin in Grafts: Solarium aculeatissimum and Lycopersicon esculentum
Authors: Ikenaga Toshihiko , Kikuta Seiji , Kistuki Miyuki , Yamada Midori , Nakashima Kenichiro
Published: February 2019

Solarium aculeatissimum Jacq. contains the steroid saponins aculeatiside A and aculeatiside B at high levels in the root, whereas they are lacking in all organs of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). We examined the site of synthesis of these steroid saponins by using grafts between S. aculeatissimum and tomato plants. When S. aculeatissimum was grafted onto a stock of tomato (S.a./Tom.), a small amount of steroid saponin was found in the leaves and the stem of S. aculeatissimum but not in the roots of the tomato. However, when tomato was grafted onto stocks of S. aculeatissimum (Tom. /S.a.), steroid saponin occurred only in the roots of S. aculeatissimum. These results suggest that the steroid saponins are mainly synthesized in the roots of S. aculeatissimum. The lack of transport of steroid saponins from the roots of S. aculeatissirnum to the leaves and stem of the tomato remains unexplained.
Selection for Tuber Characters Can Maintain High Specific Gravity in a Diploid Potato Breeding Population
Authors: Haynes K.G. , Haynes F.L.
Published: February 2019

A base population of high specific gravity clones was established from a diploid hybrid population of Solarium tuberosum Group Phureja and Solarium tuberosum Group Stenotomum previously adapted to the long-day growing conditions in North Carolina. This base population was subjected to two 2-year cycles of recurrent selection. During each cycle, selections in the field were made on the basis of tuber smoothness, shape, and size. Tubers from unselected clones were bulked by plots. Tuber specific gravity was determined for the selected and unselected (bulk) clones. Tuber specific gravity was significantly greater in the selected than in the unselected clones in each cycle of selection.
Endogenous Growth Substances in Xylem and Shoot Tip Diffusate of Lychee in Relation to Flowering
Authors: Chen Wen-Shaw
Published: February 2019

The changes in cytokinins and gibberellins in xylem sap of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. Heh yeh) trees were investigated at the stages of leaf expansion, dormant bud (when apical leaves are dropped), 30 days before flower bud formation, flower bud formation, and full bloom of grafted field-grown lychee trees. Also; the diffusible IAA and ABA in diffusate from shoot tips were examined at the successive stages of development. High gibberellin was found in the xylem sap at the stage of leaf expansion. A constant level of IAA was maintained through the five growth stages. At 30 days before flower bud formation, ABA increased dramatically. Concurrently, total cytokinin content increased in the xylem sap, reaching a maximum during flower bud formation and full bloom. Gibberellin content in the xylem sap was at a low level 30 days before flower bud formation and through the stage of flower bud formation.
APPLICATION OF SIMULATION MODELLING TO HORTICULTURE
Authors: Schulte Dennis D. , Meyer George E. , Fitzgerald Jay B. , Power Kevin G.
Published: February 2019

This paper is a forward-oriented review of computer-based simulation models. It focusses on applications to horticultural crops in nurseries and greenhouses. Highlights of systems simulation models for horticultural enterprises are presented. The paper closes with an outline of needs for future simulation models for horticultural crops and trends in computer science and engineering which will facilitate useful applications for the industry.
Gamma Irradiation as a Quarantine Treatment for Sweet Cherries Against Queensland Fruit Fly
Authors: Jessup Andrew J.
Published: February 2019

The quality of `Ron's Seedling', `American Bing', and `Lambert' sweet cherry drupes was not affected by irradiation doses up to 300 to 1000 gray. Peduncle discoloration increased in `Ron's Seedling' cherries when irradiated at 600 and 1000 gray. A dose of 75 gray prevented adult eclosion of more than 1300 Queensland fruit fly (Dacus tryoni, Froggatt). Larvae treated at the third instar were the least susceptible to gamma irradiation. The results indicated that gamma irradiation is a feasible quarantine treatment against D. tryoni without impairment to the quality of cherries.
Influence of Aluminum and Manganese on Rabbiteye Blueberries
Authors: Spiers James M.
Published: February 2019

A sand culture study arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial was used to determine the influence of Al and Mn levels on leaf nutrient content and plant growth of `Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade). Aluminum fertilization increased leaf Al content but did not affect plant vigor, leaf dry weight, or chlorosis. Manganese fertilization resulted in increased Mn in the leaves and a decrease in all growth parameters measured. The Al × Mn interactions were significant for Mn concentration in the leaves and vigor ratings. At the highest Mn fertilization rate, increasing Al fertilization had a synergistic influence on leaf Mn. Plant vigor at the highest Mn rate was lowest when no Al fertilizer was added. Increasing Al fertilization resulted in better plant vigor in plants grown with a high rate of Mn fertilization.
Respiratory Rates and Glycosidase Activities of Juice Vesicles Associated with Section-drying in Citrus
Authors: Burns Jacqueline K.
Published: February 2019

Oxygen uptake and glycosidase activities were examined in normal and granulated juice vesicles of several citrus fruit. Oxygen uptake was low in normal juice vesicles isolated from freshly harvested `Lee' tangelos [Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. Clementine × (Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. Duncan × Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. Dancy)] and stored `Dancy' tangerine (C. reticulate Blanco) and `Marsh' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) (35.7, 17.9, and 11.6 μl O2/hr per g fresh weight, respectively), but was 2- to 3-fold higher in granulated juice vesicles. As severity of granulation increased in grape. fruit, O2 uptake increased. Oxygen uptake in normal and disordered juice vesicles of all citrus fruit examined was reduced to nondetectable levels with 0.1 mM KCN and was insensitive to salicylhydroxamic acid. α - and β -galactosidase and α- and β -glucosidase activities were present in extracts of normal grapefruit juice vesicles (123, 214, 51, and 25 nmol·hr-1·g-1 fresh weight, respectively) and was 2- to 3-fold higher in extracts of granulated tissue. α- and β -mannosidase activities, nondetectable in normal juice vesicle extracts, were present in extracts from granulated tissue. The results suggest that increased metabolic activity occurs in granulated juice vesicles and the energy produced may be used to support cell wall synthesis and modification. Increases in O2 uptake and glycosidase activities correlate well with observed symptoms of section-drying in citrus.
Pathogenicity, Growth, and Sporulation of Mucor mucedo and Botrytis cinerea in Cold or CA Storage
Authors: Reyes Andres A.
Published: February 2019

The virulence of Mucor mucedo (L.) Fr. (the cause of mucor rot) and Botrytis cinerea Pers. (gray mold) on vegetables stored at 13C for 7 days or 1C for 70 days varied with the host and controlled atmosphere (CA). M. mucedo was severely pathogenic at 13C to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), eggplant (Solarium melongena L. var. esculentum Nees), pepper (Capsicum annum L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), but not to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The fungus did not infect carrot (Daucus carota L. var. sativa DC.), celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce DC.), onion (Allium cepa L.), or parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) at 1C. B. cinerea was virulent on all of these crops at 13 or 1C. The severity of mucor rot and gray mold on eggplant stored at 13C for 14 days was suppressed most in a CA of 7.5% CO + 1.5% O2 and least in 1.5% 02, in comparison with the air control. Similarly, the growth and sporulation of each pathogen on eggplant-extract agar maintained at 13C for 4 or 14 days were suppressed most in 7.5% CO + 1.5% O2; suppression was least in 1.5% O2. The suppression of diseases on eggplant was highly correlated with the suppression of mycelial growth and sporulation of pathogens on agar.
Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration of American Ginseng
Authors: Wang Andrew S.
Published: February 2019

Friable embryogenic callus of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) was induced from root pith on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 mg 2,4-D and 1 mg KIN/liter. Optimal callus growth occurred on medium containing 1.5 mg dicamba/liter. Plants were regenerated on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs); the best PGR combination was 0.5 mg IBA and 0.1 mg NAA/liter. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D); 3,6-dichloro-o-anisenic acid (dicamba); 6-benzylaminopurine (BA); gibberellic acid (GA); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); kinetin (KIN); and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
FISH HYDROLYSATE FERTILIZER: ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN COMMERCIAL CRANBERRY PRODUCTION
Authors: DeMoranville Carolyn
Published: February 2019

Productivity in cranberry plots receiving either fish hydrolysate fertilizer or inorganic soluble fertilizer at the same dose has been studied for the past three seasons. In the past two seasons, fish hydrolysate fertilizer (produced from cod frames and stabilized with phosphoric acid) has been used experimentally on a commercial scale. Both series of experiments lead to the conclusion that fish hydrolysate is an acceptable alternative to soluble fertilizer for cranberries. In fact, fish hydrolysate will be included in the University fertilizer guidelines for cranberries to be issued in the spring of 1990. The evidence will be presented along with the arguments in favor of the use of this organic-type material. Continuing lines of research which may lead to increased grower acceptance will be outlined.
Chilling Accumulation, Budbreak, and Fruit Set of Young Rabbiteye Blueberry Plants
Authors: Darnell Rebecca L. , Davies Frederick S.
Published: February 2019

Potted `Tifblue', Woodard', and `Climax' rabbiteye blueberry plants (Vaccinium ashei Reade) were exposed to artificial or natural chilling regimes (< 7C) ranging from 100 to 1000 hours during the dormant season to determine the effects on budbreak and fruit set. Insufficient chilling increased the days to 50% vegetative and floral budbreak in all three cultivars. The amount of floral budbreak increased in `Tifblue' and `Woodard', but decreased in `Climax' as chilling increased. Insufficient chilling did not decrease percent fruit set of hand-pollinated flowers in any cultivar, indicating that the fruit-setting potential of these cultivars is unrelated to chilling.
Vessel Type, Closure, and Explant Orientation Influence in Vitro Performance of Five Woody Species
Authors: McClelland M.T. , Smith M.A.L.
Published: February 2019

Effects of three variables (vessel type, closure, and explant orientation) on microcutting quality were investigated using five woody species [low shadblow, Amefanchier spicata (Lam.) C. Koch (Syn. A. humilus Wieg.); red maple, Acer rubrun L. `Red Sunset'; border forsythia, Forsythia ×intermedia Zab. `Sunrise'; apple, Malus ×domestica Borkh. `McIntosh'; river birch, Betula nigra L.]. Uniform shoot explants were oriented vertically or horizontally in three vessel types (60-ml glass culture tubes, 200-ml glass baby food jars, and 350-ml polypropylene GA7 vessels) with and without a Parafilm seal. Visual density per explant obtained by image analysis was increased in larger vessel types, and significantly more shoots were produced from horizontally placed explants. Closure treatments influenced microshoot quality, but trends were species specific. Overall, horizontal explant orientation in larger vessels wthout parafilm maximized shoot response for most of the species studied. In vitro rooting of microcuttings was significantly enhanced in larger vessels.
PUBLICATION OPPORTUNITIES IN HORTTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Powell Arlie A.
Published: February 2019

A journal of the type proposed as HortTechnology is long overdue. Extension and other applied horticulturists thought Hortscience, when introduced several years ago, would become their primary repository for reporting professional accomplishments, etc. However, this 2nd Journal quickly became the house organ for short term research. The format for HortTechnology looks good if implemented as proposed. An overview committee consisting of a majority of Extension Horticulturists should be established to monitor progress and development of this publication (in addition to present development committee). Extension specialists and others involved in applied horticulture must avail themselves of the opportunity to publish in one or more of the peer reviewed as well as other sections of the publication. To make this journal a success Extension workers must support this effort through submitting papers on a regular basis. This referred journal could and probably will become the most popular and widely used of ASHS publications.
EFFECTS OF SPECTRAL FILTERS ON GROWTH OF ROSA × HYBRIDA AND EXACUM AFFINE.
Authors: McMahon Margaret J , Kelly John W.
Published: February 2019

The growth of Rosa × hybrida and Exacum affine under different spectral filters was evaluated. Three filters that altered light quality were developed. One, a red textile dye, filtered out much of the blue/green portion of the light spectrum but did not change far-red to red (FR/R) light ratio. Another, a blue textile dye, raised FR/R by filtering out a portion of red light. The third, a salt (copper sulfate) lowered FR/R by filtering out a greater portion of far-red than red light. Two controls were used that did not alter light quality. The filters were installed in specally built growth chambers. Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) was adjusted to equal values in each chamber.

Plants of both species were significantly shorter and had higher leaf chlorophyll, when grown under the low FR/R filter.
USE OF GEOTEXTILE DISCS AS CHEMICAL CARRIERS FOR CONTAINER NURSERY STOCK PRODUCTION
Authors: Appleton Bonnie , Derr Jeffrey
Published: February 2019

Discs of several materials, including paper, fiberglass, black polyethylene and several woven and nonwoven (spunbonded) polypropylene geotextiles or landscape fabrics, were tested for container weed control. Weed growth developed with some materials due to decomposition and lack of proper fit.

One commercially available combination geotextile-herbicide product gave excellent weed control. A slow-release fertilizer was then attached, giving not only excellent weed control but also promoting satisfactory nursery plant growth. This concept of using a geotextile disc as a chemical carrier (a “horticultural collar”) is being further developed.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON COLD HARDINESS OF SOUTHERN MAGNOLIA
Authors: Lindstrom Orville M. , Kent Glen W.
Published: February 2019

Magnolia has graced southern landscapes for many years. However, its northern distribution is limited due to injury at low, freezing temperatures. Laboratory methods are available to assess the cold hardiness of many plants, but specific methods for Southern magnolia have not been established. Effects of exposure time, temperature at which plants were frozen, rate of warming, sample size and methods of injury evaluation were investigated. With exposure to -1.5 and -4C the leaves and stems were not injured when frozen for up to 7h. Stems and leaves that were nucleated with ice at -4C underestimated the cold hardiness as compared to similar plants that were nucleated at -1.5 and -3C. Samples warmed as taken from the temperature bath at 4C or at 4C/hr in the bath exhibited less injury than those taken directly out of the bath and exposed to room temperature. Similar cold hardiness determinations were obtained using whole and half leaf samples, while a quarter of a leaf or a leaf disk exhibited high variability and resulted in unreliable cold hardiness determinations. Visual analysis for injury was compared to electrolyte leakage and similar cold hardiness levels were obtained using the two methods.
GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF GARDEN IRISES UNDER GREENHOUSE FORCING
Authors: Chaudoir Leah , Einert A.E.
Published: February 2019

Rhizomes of Iris germanica L. `Pretty Please' were stored either dry at 21°C or potted at 10°C for 0, A, 9, 11, 13, 15, or 17 weeks. After storage, dry rhizomes were potted and placed in a forcing greenhouse. Potted rhizomes were removed from the 10°C cooler and placed in the same greenhouse. Both were forced under longdays(16 hr). A control group with no rhizome storage received natural daylength. Plants flowered without rhizome storage if grown under longdays. Four weeks of rhizome storage (cool or warm) significantly hastened flowering of potted irises over those receiving no rhizome storage, as well as producing the highest percentage of flowering plants. Potted rhizomes chilled for 17 weeks had the shortest forcing period, but only 50% of plants flowered. Plants receiving natural daylength did not flower. Greenhouse forced plants did not produce more than three flowers per scape. Foliage height at flowering decreased significantly after 15 weeks of cool rhizome storage.
INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION TREATMENTS ON PEACH GROWTH AND YIELD
Authors: Huslig Susan M. , Smith Michael W.
Published: February 2019

Irrigation schedules were evaluated on `Cresthaven' to determine if water could be conserved without reducing fruit size or yield. Tensiometers were used to schedule trickle irrigation in 1984-88. Treatments were no irrigation or irrigation when soil matric potential reached 40 or 60 KPa 30 cm deep. When production began in 1986, trees were either irrigated until Oct. or until after harvest (1-7 Aug.). In 1989, class A pan evaporation was used to schedule irrigation by replacing 100% evaporation. Trees were irrigated from bud break to harvest or Oct., beginning at stage III fruit growth to harvest or Oct., or not irrigated. The irrigation treatments were in factorial combination with an annual ryegrass ground cover or herbicidestrip. The ryegrass was seeded in Oct., then killed at the onset of stage III fruit growth. Water application was reduced 50% when irrigation was discontinued after harvest compared to irrigation until Oct. Non-irrigated trees had smaller trunks than irrigated trees; however, there were no differences in trunk size among irrigation treatments. Non-irrigated trees yielded less total fruit and fruit over 7-cm diameter than trees irrigated until Oct., but there were no significant differences in yield among irrigated trees. Flower bud density or fruit set was not affected by treatment. The orchard floor management did not affect tree growth or yield.
INFLUENCE OF SPACING ON PEACH TREE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Smith Michael W.
Published: February 2019

Performance of peach trees at seven spacings were evaluated over an 8-year period. Treatments were `Garnet Beauty' on Lovell spaced 3.0 or 4.6 × 6.1 m and 4.6 or 6.1 × 7.6 m, self-rooted `Garnet Beauty' spaced 1.0 × 6.1 or 7.6 m then thinned to 3.0 × 6.1 or 7.6 m 4-years after planting, and self-rooted `Garnet Beauty' spaced 1.0 × 2.0 × 5.5 m managed as a meadow orchard with alternate rows pruned to 30-cm height after harvest. Trees spaced 4.6 × 6.1 m or closer were mechanically hedged beginning 4-years after planting to 9 m tall and 6 m wide. Trees in all treatments, except 1.0 × 2.0 × 5.5 m, were trained to an open-center and hand-pruned annually. Trunk area and canopy area of trees spaced 3.0 × 4.6 m or closer were smaller than trees in other spacings by 5-years after planting. Cumulative yield per ha of trees spaced 1.0 × 2.0 × 5.5 m was greater than yield from other spacings 2- through 4-years after planting, then less 6- and 7-years after planting. There were no significant differences in yield/ha among the other spacing treatments. Fruit size was not affected by treatment. Yield efficiency of trees spaced 3.0 or 4.6 × 6.1 m decreased by 8-years after planting compared to trees spaced 4.6 or 6.1 × 7.6 m, indicating a reduction in fruit bearing growth. Hand pruning time was proportional to tree spacing.