bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Gender Affirmative Model of Training and Service Provision Among HIV Service Organizations in the U.S. South
Authors: Keo Bec Sokha , McCormick Katie , Stanton Megan , Ali Samira , Center The
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Research on gender affirmative models (GAM) of training and service provision is emerging. This study aims 1) to summarize 2018–2019 survey data on GAM training and service provision at Southern HIV Service Organizations (HSOs) in the U.S. South and 2) identify barriers in the region. Methods. Data were collected from Southern HSOs ( n =207). Relations between GAM training and service provision were examined through frequency distributions and logistic regressions. Results. Few (46.6%) received training. Most (73%) used clients' asserted names and pronouns. Only 62% engaged with transgender, nonbinary, and gender nonconforming (TGNC) communities and 55% provided a gender autonomous (i.e., based on self-determination) facility. Gender affirmative model-trained HSOs had at least twice the odds of implementing GAM elements compared with non-trained HSOs. Barriers included funding (61%), expertise/knowledge (59%), capacity/staff-ing (52%), and political climate (23%). Discussion . This study identifies gaps and highlights the urgent need for funding, training, and meaningful TGNC community partnerships.
Addressing Traumatizing Environments: A Case Study of the Showing up for Black Power, Liberation, and Healing Initiative
Authors: Stanley Marcus A. , Stanton Megan C. , Traylor Masonia , Ali Samira B.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Effectively combating HIV will require southern HIV Service Organizations (SHSOs) to support Black staff while they navigate traumas related to structural racism driving the epidemic. HIV organizational capacity-building research lacks effective community-led approaches to anti-racist organizational change centered on Black people's experiences. This participatory case study examines "Showing Up for Black Power, Liberation and Healing," an organizational capacity-building initiative that leads to individual and organizational change, developed and implemented by the SUSTAIN, an intermediary purveyor organization (IPO). Evaluation data include participant observation notes and in-depth, open-ended evaluation reports analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. The intervention consisted of a two-part shared learning collaborative. Qualitative impact themes highlighted: 1) the power of defining and valuing Black-centered spaces to address trauma; 2) reframing self-care from an individualistic responsibility to an institutionally supported, communal means of healing; and 3) the role of the intervention in spurring organizational changes related to dismantling White supremacy work culture in SHSOs.
From Shōgun to Ghost of Tsushima : Using and Challenging Historical Video Games
Authors: Clulow Adam
Published: August 2023

Abstract: In 1975, James Clavell's Shōgun rocketed up the bestseller lists. While many historians criticized the novel for distorting the past, others argued that we should recognize its value as a conduit for engagement with Japan. The contemporary equivalent to Shōgun is a 2020 video game called Ghost of Tsushima which has now sold over 10 million copies. This article considers how the creators of Ghost of Tsushima view their responsibility to history. It then discusses the reductive Mongol-versus-samurai binary at the center of the game before shifting to explore the surprising depths of the world created by the developers.
Hybrid predictive coding: Inferring, fast and slow
Authors: Tscshantz Alexander , Millidge Beren , Seth Anil K. , Buckley Christopher L.
Published: August 2023

Predictive coding is an influential model of cortical neural activity. It proposes that perceptual beliefs are furnished by sequentially minimising “prediction errors”—the differences between predicted and observed data. Implicit in this proposal is the idea that successful perception requires multiple cycles of neural activity. This is at odds with evidence that several aspects of visual perception—including complex forms of object recognition—arise from an initial “feedforward sweep” that occurs on fast timescales which preclude substantial recurrent activity. Here, we propose that the feedforward sweep can be understood as performing amortized inference (applying a learned function that maps directly from data to beliefs) and recurrent processing can be understood as performing iterative inference (sequentially updating neural activity in order to improve the accuracy of beliefs). We propose a hybrid predictive coding network that combines both iterative and amortized inference in a principled manner by describing both in terms of a dual optimization of a single objective function. We show that the resulting scheme can be implemented in a biologically plausible neural architecture that approximates Bayesian inference utilising local Hebbian update rules. We demonstrate that our hybrid predictive coding model combines the benefits of both amortized and iterative inference—obtaining rapid and computationally cheap perceptual inference for familiar data while maintaining the context-sensitivity, precision, and sample efficiency of iterative inference schemes. Moreover, we show how our model is inherently sensitive to its uncertainty and adaptively balances iterative and amortized inference to obtain accurate beliefs using minimum computational expense. Hybrid predictive coding offers a new perspective on the functional relevance of the feedforward and recurrent activity observed during visual perception and offers novel insights into distinct aspects of visual phenomenology.
Community-based transport system in Shinyanga, Tanzania: A local innovation averting delays to access health care for maternal emergencies
Authors: Munishi Castory , Mateshi Gilbert , Mlunde Linda B. , Njiro Belinda J. , Ngowi Jackline E. , Kengia James T. , Kapologwe Ntuli A. , Deng Linda , Timbrell Alice , Kitinya Wilson , Pembe Andrea B. , Sunguya Bruno F.
Published: August 2023

In achieving the sustainable development goal 3.1, Tanzania needs substantial investment to address the three delays which responsible for most of maternal deaths. To this end, the government of Tanzania piloted a community-based emergency transport intervention to address the second delay through m-mama program. This study examined secondary data to determine the cost-effectiveness of this intervention in comparison to the standard ambulance system alone. The m-mama program was implemented in six councils of Shinyanga region. The m-mama program data analyzed included costs of referral services using the Emergency Transportation System (EmTS) compared with the standard ambulance system. Analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel, whose data was fed into a TreeAge Pro Healthcare 2022 model. The cost and effectiveness data were discounted at 5% to make a fair comparison between the two systems. During m-mama program implementation a total of 989 referrals were completed. Of them, 30.1% used the standard referral system using ambulance, while 69.9% used the EmTS. The Emergency transport system costed USD 170.4 per a completed referral compared to USD 472 per one complete referral using ambulance system alone. The introduction of m-mama emergency transportation system is more cost effective compared to standard ambulance system alone in the context of Shinyanga region. Scaling up of similar intervention to other regions with similar context and burden of maternal mortality may save cost of otherwise normal emergency ambulance system. Through lessons learned while scaling up, the intervention may be improved and tailored to local challenges and further improve its effectiveness.
Effects of low versus high inspired oxygen fraction on myocardial injury after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cho Youn Joung , Hyeon Cheun , Nam Karam , Lee Seohee , Ju Jae-Woo , Kang Jeehoon , Han Jung-Kyu , Kim Hyo-Soo , Jeon Yunseok
Published: August 2023

Background

Oxygen therapy is used in various clinical situation, but its clinical outcomes are inconsistent. The relationship between the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and clinical outcomes has not been well studied. We investigated the association of FIO2 (low vs. high) and myocardial injury in patients undergoing TAVI.

Methods

Adults undergoing transfemoral TAVI under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive FIO2 0.3 or 0.8 during procedure. The primary outcome was the area under the curve (AUC) for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) during the first 72 h following TAVI. Secondary outcomes included the AUC for postprocedural creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), acute kidney injury and recovery, conduction abnormalities, pacemaker implantation, stroke, myocardial infarction, and in-hospital mortality.

Results

Between October 2017 and April 2022, 72 patients were randomized and 62 were included in the final analysis (n = 31 per group). The median (IQR) AUC for hs-cTnI in the first 72 h was 42.66 (24.82–65.44) and 71.96 (35.38–116.34) h·ng/mL in the FIO2 0.3 and 0.8 groups, respectively (p = 0.066). The AUC for CK-MB in the first 72 h was 257.6 (155.6–322.0) and 342.2 (195.4–485.2) h·ng/mL in the FIO2 0.3 and 0.8 groups, respectively (p = 0.132). Acute kidney recovery, defined as an increase in the estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 25% of baseline in 48 h, was more common in the FIO2 0.3 group (65% vs. 39%, p = 0.042). Other clinical outcomes were comparable between the groups.

Conclusions

The FIO2 level did not have a significant effect on periprocedural myocardial injury following TAVI. However, considering the marginal results, a benefit of low FIO2 during TAVI could not be ruled out.
Structural transformation and political economy: A new approach to inclusive growth
Authors: Kamal Madiha , Fatima Ambreen
Published: August 2023

The "Jobless growth" of Pakistan’s economy and its acquaintances with frequent changes in different governments in power (both democratic and military regime) and its influence on economic growth persuades to conduct a qualitative analysis of the structural transformation on the disaggregated level to determine whether or not it has any connection or impact on different sectors of the economy. The fundamental objective of this study is to (a) explore how sectoral transformation has affected economic development and employment, as well as their relationships, and (b investigate how these dynamics have impacted the generation of sustainable employment in the economy. For this reason, the study takes sectoral transformation into account. The study applies the sectoral employment Elasticity technique for this objective. The results of our evaluation indicate that the economy functions better under military regimes than it does during democratic periods. The cause might be anything, but our goal is to determine the employment elasticity of Pakistan’s main political powers. As an agriculture-based economy, most of the population relies on the agriculture sector; hence, its decline highlights the need for reforms. If this sector doesn’t grow by creating additional jobs, it will lose its employment power.
The early predictive value of frailty for health-related quality of life among elderly patients with cancer receiving curative chemotherapy
Authors: Hu Yi-Cheng , Chen Shih-Ying , Chou Wen-Chi , Chen Jen-Shi , Weng Li-Chueh , Tsay Pei-Kwei , Tang Woung-Ru
Published: August 2023

Changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among elderly patients with cancer before and after receiving curative treatment, such as chemotherapy, have always been an important consideration in physician–patient treatment decision-making. Although frailty assessment can help predict the effects of chemotherapy, there is a lack of relevant literature on its effectiveness in predicting post-chemotherapy HRQOL. Therefore, this study investigated the early predictive value of pre-chemotherapy frailty assessment for post-chemotherapy HRQOL among elderly patients with cancer receiving curative chemotherapy. From September 2016 to November 2018, this study enrolled elderly patients with cancer aged ≥ 65 years (N = 178), who were expected to receive chemotherapy at three hospitals in Taiwan. The mean age of patients was 71.70 years (SD = 5.46 years) and half of them were female (n = 96, 53.9%). A comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed to measure frailty in 178 participants one week before receiving chemotherapy (T0). Further, the HRQOL of the elderly patients with cancer was assessed again, four weeks after chemotherapy (T1). After controlling for demographic variables, this study evaluated the predictive value of frailty for HRQOL using a hierarchical regression analysis. A total of 103 (57.9%) participants met the frailty criteria. The results showed that 31.1%–56.7% of the variance in the seven domains of HRQOL could be explained by demographic variables and the presence or absence of frailty. This suggests that the presence or absence of frailty is an important predictor of the illness burden domain (β = 9.5; p < .05) of HRQOL. Frailty affects the illness burden domain of HRQOL in elderly patients with cancer. Finally, the administration of frailty assessments before treatment is recommended as a reference for patient treatment decision-making.
Depression severity is associated with reduced pleasantness of observed social touch and fewer current intimate touch experiences
Authors: Tinker Victoria C. , Trotter Paula D. , Krahé Charlotte
Published: August 2023

Depression is associated with loss of pleasure in previously enjoyed activities and withdrawal from social interactions. Depression alters the perception of social cues, but it is currently unclear whether this extends to social touch. In the current cross-sectional study, we explored the association between depression severity, perceived pleasantness of observed social touch, and general longing for touch. For observed touch, we contrasted videos of slow touch (1-10cm/s), which optimally activates C tactile afferent nerve fibres and generally feels pleasant, with ‘non-CT-optimal’ touch (i.e., outside the 1-10cm/s range, commonly rated more neutral). We predicted that greater depression severity would be related to lower pleasantness ratings specifically for CT-optimal touch, and less longing for touch. N = 226 adults completed self-report measures of depression severity and longing for touch, and rated touch pleasantness for six videos depicting social touch at three velocities (3cm/s in the CT-optimal range, 0.5 and 30cm/s outside this range) and at two locations varying in CT innervation (palm vs. arm). We controlled for general anhedonia and individual differences in touch experiences and attitudes. Across touch locations, greater depression severity was associated with lower perceived pleasantness of touch, especially for the fastest non-CT-optimal (rather than the CT-optimal) velocity, contrary to our prediction. However, when grouping participants into probable vs. no/minimal depression, the probable depression group rated both the fastest non-CT-optimal and the CT-optimal velocity as less pleasant than did the no/minimal depression group. Overall, while depression was associated with perceived pleasantness of observed touch, this was not specific to CT-optimal touch. Furthermore, touch longing was not associated with depression severity. Instead, variance in depression symptoms was better explained by reduced levels of current intimate touch. Though the direction of causality is unclear, greater depression severity is related to lower pleasantness of observed social touch, and lower levels of current intimate touch.
COVID-19 and sexual violence against women: A qualitative study about young people and professionals’ perspectives in Spain
Authors: Castellanos-Torres Esther , Sanz-Barbero Belén , Vives-Cases Carmen ,   CIBER Program of Violence and Young People team
Published: August 2023

There is an increasing awareness of the magnitude of different forms of sexual violence (SV), especially in relation to youth. The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a negative impact on different forms of violence against women. In this study, we aim to analyse SV in the COVID-19 lockdown among young people and SV-related services from the perspective of professionals and young people from different sectors in Spain with responsibilities in attending SV and other forms of violence against women-related. A qualitative content analysis was performed on semi-structured interviews with 23 women and men aged 18 to 24 and 15 professionals working with youth and/or in violence against women or sexual violence related services. The sample was from northern, eastern and central regions of Spain. According to the professionals’ experience, the COVID-19 lockdown lessened their ability to work on violence prevention. Both informants perceived that sexual violence had decreased in public spaces whereas it increased in digital ones and noticed the silence surrounding violent situations had deepened. However, they differed regarding its impact on sexual violence within intimate partners, mainly due to the lack of awareness of this problem among young men. In regard to violence against women and sexual violence, our results highlight the need to develop protocols for action and improve resource accessibility in crisis contexts.
Magnitude and determinants of improved household latrine utilization in Ethiopia: Multilevel analysis of the mini Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) 2019
Authors: Tesfaw Aragaw , Tiruneh Mulu , Mamuye Melkalem , Walle Zebader , Teshager Wondossen , Teshome Fentaw , Taye Alebachew , Dessalegn Wondimnew , Walle Gashaw , Gebeyehu Asaye Alemneh
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Lack of sanitation is a major global problem mainly for the poor and disadvantaged. According to the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) report, one out of every three households lack a toilet in Ethiopia and about 56% of rural households use unimproved toilet facilities. We aimed to determine the magnitude of improved household latrine utilization and its determinants in Ethiopia using the mini–Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) 2019 data set.

Method

A secondary data analysis was conducted based on the mini 2019 EDHS data set. A total weighted sample of 8663 households were involved in analysis. After selecting the relevant variables for the outcome variable, we have fitted four different models. The null (empty) model with no independent variables and the second model contained the effects of the individual-level factors on the outcome variable. The third model included the influence of the community-level factors on the response variable, and the final multilevel multivariable logistic regression model examined the effects of individual-level and community-level variables on the outcome variable. The measure of variation was quantified using Intra-Class Correlation (ICC), Median Odds Ratio, and Proportional Change in Variance (PCV). The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to show the strength of association and statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05.

Results

The magnitude of improved latrine utilization in Ethiopia was 19.5% with 95% CI (18.6%, 20.3%). The factors: educational status (AOR = 1.67; 95% CI: (1.10, 2.55), highest wealth index (AOR = 3.73; 95% CI: (2.73, 5.12), urban residence (AOR = 3.09; 95% CI: (1.68, 5.67), living in Addis Ababa (AOR = 4.08; 95% CI: (1.03, 16.2) and Dire Dawa (AOR = 8.22; 95% CI: (2.46, 27.42) and Somali regions (AOR = 3.11; 95% CI: (1.15, 8.42) were significantly associated to improved latrine utilization in Ethiopia.

Conclusion

The magnitude of improved latrine utilization was quite low in Ethiopia. Higher wealth index, living in more urbanized areas, and the household head’s educational status were all significant predictors of improved latrine utilization. The finding implies a need to increase household’s access to latrine facilities and improve latrine utilization, particularly for rural households in the country.
Sniffer worm, C. elegans, as a toxicity evaluation model organism with sensing and locomotion abilities
Authors: Kim Jun Sung , Park Sang-Kyu , Lee Haeshin
Published: August 2023

Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, has revolutionized the way we create objects. However, its layer-by-layer process may lead to an increased incidence of local defects compared to traditional casting-based methods. Factors such as light intensity, depth of light penetration, component inhomogeneity, and fluctuations in nozzle temperature all contribute to defect formations. These defective regions can become sources of toxic component leakage, but pinpointing their locations in 3D printed materials remains a challenge. Traditional toxicological assessments rely on the extraction and subsequent exposure of living organisms to these harmful agents, thus only offering a passive detection approach. Therefore, the development of an active system to both identify and locate sources of toxicity is essential in the realm of 3D printing technologies. Herein, we introduce the use of the nematode model organism,Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans), for toxicity evaluation.C.elegansexhibits distinctive ’sensing’ and ’locomotion’ capabilities that enable it to actively navigate toward safe zones while steering clear of hazardous areas. This active behavior setsC.elegansapart from other aquatic and animal models, making it an exceptional choice for immediate and precise identification and localization of toxicity sources in 3D printed materials.
Status and Implications of Individuals’ Retirement Preparation Facing Retirement Crisis
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Seonhyeon , Ra Jinhyeok , Shin Dong-Hoon
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the factors that affect the retirement preparation strategy of the elderly in the current situation where retirement preparation strategies can be established with various financial products. Using the data from Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS), we analyze the current status and determinants of the appropriate cost of living for old age, the level of preparation for old age, and subscription to pension products judged by individuals. We found that individual characteristics, income characteristics, household characteristics, and occupational characteristics were influenced to individual retirement preparation strategies. In particular, the higher the level of education and income, the higher the possibility that an individual's reasonable cost of living in old age is higher, the possibility of preparing for old age, and the possibility of joining an annuity product. What is noteworthy is that the capital market environment has been created so that individuals can establish optimal retirement preparation strategies through the development of various financial products, but only a small number of people use them.
Understanding the Life of a Mother Who Has Experienced Childhood Abuse: Focusing on Qualitative-biographical Methodology
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Cho Myung Yi , Park Jae Yeon
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to deeply understand the life of mothers who experienced childhood abuse as the central focus of Schütze's biographical research methodology. The analysis results divided the life of mothers who had experienced childhood abuse into two categories: life as a child and life as a parent. First, life as a child was classified under the theme of “Living as a Wounded Child,” with sub-topics including “an existence that cannot receive help from anyone,” “repeated relationship failures,” and “dedicating their lives to their parents.” Second, life as a parent was classified under the theme of “Living as a Mom with Wounds,” with sub-topics including “a mother who cannot help her child and has failed in her relationship with them” and “starting healing by acknowledging the pain.” This study is significant in that it re-examines and deeply analyzes the life of mothers who are both victims and perpetrators of child abuse, and proposes counseling intervention directions and social support measures necessary for participants to heal their wounds and perform their roles as healthy mothers.
Application of Machine Learning Models for Water Pipeline Leakage Detection
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Seo Youngmin , Choi Kwanghyun , Lim Yuseong , Lee Byungjoon , Choi Yunyoung
Published: August 2023

The applicability of machine learning models for detecting water pipeline leakage was evaluated in this study. The machine learning models, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), gradient boosting machine (GBM), LightGBM, categorical boosting (CatBoost), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), and random forest (RF) models, which were developed using the open dataset of water pipeline leakage detection, were evaluated and compared based on classification performance using confusion matrix and performance indices. The results show that the latest boosting models, XGBoost, GBM, LightGBM, and CatBoost, yield superior classification performance compared to RF and AdaBoost models. Although the performance of the latest boosting models is similar, the LightGBM model (accuracy = 0.960, precision = 0.941, recall = 0.955, F1-score = 0.948, and specificity = 0.970) shows the best performance. Therefore, the latest boosting machine learning models can be used as effective predicting tools to develop big data-based water pipeline leakage detection systems and manage water pipeline leak risks.
A Study on Improving the Competency of Disaster Management in Nonprofit Sector
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Chang Kil
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to suggest a direction for strengthening the competency of the non-profit sector, which plays an increasingly important role in the disaster management process. First of all, problems in the current public-private partnership were reviewed, and the direction of cooperative governance centered on the non-profit sector was presented. In addition, the study emphasized alternatives to strengthen the capabilities of volunteer organizations, which are representative non-profit organizations at disaster sites. Above all, disaster volunteer organizations need to secure a professional and differentiated status as a key decision-making stakeholder at disaster sites. As a result, the directions of change to strengthen the competency of the non-profit sector are organizational redesign through overall job analysis of the organization, securing expertise in disaster types occurring in the region, establishing one direction based on strategic planning. In addition, activation of communication to build trust with local residents and sophisticated decision-making and analysis skills will be required.
Clopidogrel-Induced Eosinophilic Colitis
Authors: Djahandideh Sheijani Shirin , Calabrese Francesco , Pasta Andrea , Marabotto Elisa , Bodini Giorgia , Furnari Manuele , Grillo Federica , Mastracci Luca , Savarino Edoardo V. , Savarino Vincenzo , Giannini Edoardo G.
Published: August 2023

Eosinophilic colitis is a rare condition characterized by histologic findings of high eosinophilic infiltrate in the gut wall, typically presenting with diarrhea and abdominal pain. The etiology of this entity remains unclear because it can be primary or can occur secondarily to infections, drugs, or even in association with immune-mediated diseases. We present the case of a woman referred to our outpatient clinic for chronic diarrhea that had been worsening for months. Colonoscopy with biopsies was performed, and eosinophilic colitis associated with the use of clopidogrel was diagnosed. After clopidogrel discontinuation, a complete remission of the clinical and histological picture was observed.
Confessions of a Presidential Speechwriter
Authors: Smith Craig
Published: August 2023

An avid high school debater and enthusiastic student body president, Craig Smith seemed destined for a life in public service from an early age. As a sought-after speechwriter, Smith had a front-row seat at some of the most important events of the twentieth century, meeting with Robert Kennedy and Richard Nixon, advising Governor Ronald Reagan, writing for President Ford, serving as a campaign manager for a major U.S. senator’s reelection campaign, and writing speeches for a contender for the Republican nomination for president. Life in the volatile world of politics wasn’t always easy, however, and as a closeted gay man, Smith struggled to reconcile his private and professional lives. In this revealing memoir, Smith sheds light on what it takes to make it as a speechwriter in a field where the only constant is change. While bouncing in and out of the academic world, Smith transitions from consultantships with George H. W. Bush and the Republican caucus of the U.S. Senate to a position with Chrysler CEO Lee Iacocca. When Smith returns to Washington, D.C., as president and founder of the Freedom of Expression Foundation, he becomes a leading player on First Amendment issues in the nation’s capital. Returning at long last to academia, Smith finds happiness coming out of the closet and reaping the benefits of a dedicated and highly successful career.
La exclusión farmacéutica como objeto de estudio criminológico
Authors: Gómez Garmendia Jon
Published: August 2023

La pandemia de la covid-19, aparte de demostrar la propagación global del virus, nuestra propia vulnerabilidad y la interdependencia que tenemos entre todos y todas nosotras, ha evidenciado que la inequidad entre regiones sigue siendo patente. Mientras los últimos meses de 2020 los países con la renta de ingresos más alta adquirieron más del 50% de las dosis de las vacunas, a lo largo de 2021, 2022 y 2023 el acceso a ellas ha sido dispar. El presente escrito tiene la finalidad de justificar este problema del no acceso, la denominada «exclusión farmacéutica», como objeto de estudio de una criminología crítica global. Una propuesta de actualidad en la disciplina que amplía la mirada más allá del derecho penal y se preocupa por las violencias estructurales y daños sociales en un panorama transnacional y da importancia tanto a la memoria del pasado como a la del presente. En esta dirección, se describirán los elementos de esta corriente epistemológica junto a una aproximación a los poderes económicos, políticos, culturales y jurídicos que producen y reproducen esta exclusión.
Evaluación económica de la incorporación de cultivos de servicios a rotaciones agrícolas frecuentes del centro de la provincia de Santa Fe
Authors: Rossler Noelia , Castignani María Isabel , Mansilla Mayco
Published: August 2023

La inclusión de cultivos de servicios en rotaciones agrícolas posee muchas ventajas en términos de conservación de recursos y sostenibilidad de los sistemas productivos. Si bien a nivel país es una práctica en aumento constante, en la provincia de Santa Fe, su implementación, está en una etapa exploratoria. Para fomentar su implementación, el objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar, en términos económicos, la incorporación de cultivos de servicio a rotaciones agrícolas frecuentes del centro de la provincia de Santa Fe. Se compararon tres rotaciones agrícolas, con una duración de cuatro años cada una y diferente grado de intensificación: dos frecuentes en la zona bajo estudio y una propuesta mejoradora con inclusión de Vicia sp. como cultivo de servicio y colza (Brassica sp.) con fines comerciales. Esta comparación se realizó en términos económicos, mediante el método de la actualización de los valores (o flujo de fondos actualizado) y la relación beneficio costo de cada una de las rotaciones. También se compararon las secuencias en términos ambientales, considerando el balance de nitrógeno y fósforo y la captura de carbono. Los resultados muestran que, a pesar de que existen gastos asociados a la implantación, mantenimiento y secado del cultivo de servicio a la rotación, la rentabilidad de la secuencia intensiva sustentable supera a las rotaciones frecuentes analizadas. Además, en términos de captura de carbono, es la de mejor desempeño. La rotación propuesta contribuye a generar una ganancia económica con un impacto ambiental positivo, atendiendo a la necesidad de una producción sostenible.
Principales problemas sanitarios en bovinos identificados por los Médicos Veterinarios que se desempeñan en rodeos lecheros
Authors: Molineri Ana Inés , WELSCHEN Nicolás Mario , SUÁREZ-ARCHILLA Guillermo , CAMUSSONE Cecilia , SMULOVITZ Alejandro , CICOTELLO Joaquín , MIOTTI Camila , ZBRUN María Virginia , SIGNORINI Marcelo Lisandro
Published: August 2023

Los problemas sanitarios que afectan a las diferentes categorías animales en explotaciones lecheras son múltiples. Los recursos económicos y humanos disponibles para conducir las investigaciones tendientes a la prevención y control de estas enfermedades son limitados y resulta necesario priorizarlas en función de su impacto sanitario y productivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue generar una priorización de los problemas que afectan a los rodeos lecheros e identificar las demandas de diagnóstico y capacitación. Se desarrolló un estudio observacional transversal basado en una encuesta con cuestionario estructurado en Médicos Veterinarios que trabajaban en rodeos lecheros con énfasis en la cuenca lechera central santafesina. Se aplicaron 105 encuestas, la antigüedad promedio en la actividad profesional fue de 15,9 años y, en su mayoría, dedicaban la mayor parte del tiempo laboral a lechería. Las enfermedades priorizadas en terneros fueron las diarreas y las neumonías. En vaquillonas se priorizó la neumonía, mientras que, en vacas, las mastitis, los problemas podales, los abortos, las endometritis/metritis y la mortalidad embrionaria fueron las enfermedades priorizadas. Aproximadamente la mitad de los profesionales pocas veces realizan necropsias y menos de un tercio remitían frecuentemente muestras para apoyatura diagnóstica. Si bien se identificaron los síndromes más comunes percibidos por los Médicos Veterinarios a campo, el hecho de que no se realicen comúnmente necropsias y que no se remitan muestras al laboratorio, impacta directamente en el conocimiento sobre los agentes etiológicos que afectan los rodeos. Resulta de suma importancia diseñar estrategias que le permitan a los colegas arribar al diagnóstico etiológico para luego poder diseñar medias de manejo del riego con base en ciencia.
Nuevos enfoques en Literatura Comparada en las temáticas abordadas en el Congreso de AILC 2022 en Tbilisi
Authors: Nagao Christiane Kazue
Published: August 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los aspectos innovadores de las ponencias presentadas en el XXIII Congreso Internacional de Literatura Comparada que se realizó en julio de 2022 en Tbilisi, Georgia. La información está agrupada por tema y se enfoca en los aspectos teóricos aplicados al análisis de todo el espectro literario: la literatura como ciencia, los textos literarios y la traducción.
Río y mar, tal para cual. Diálogo sobre ficciones compartidas para construir futuro en el campo educativo.
Authors: Molinas Isabel , Porta Luis
Published: August 2023

El trabajo propone una práctica de lectura e indagación dialógica a partir de ficciones que refieren a la condición biográfica y contextual de sus autorxs. La selección incluye textos literarios, cinematográficos y pictóricos que son puestos en diálogo con referencias teóricas y metodológicas del campo de la investigación educativa. La reflexión concluye con el enunciado de una agenda compartida que pone en valor la relevancia de la experiencia sensible frente a la mera interpretación, el diálogo entre disciplinas, la importancia de la dimensión estética en la enseñanza, la creatividad en las decisiones metodológicas y el carácter performático de la investigación educativa, en tanto práctica política que determina la acción para la transformación.
Desafíos teórico–metodológicos para comprender la complejidad de la enseñanza. Aportes para la discusión desde un proyecto de investigación en curso
Authors: Baraldi Victoria , Luna Virginia , Picco Sofía
Published: August 2023

Con el propósito de hacer más visibles los enfoques, nudos problemáticos y prácticas de conocimiento en el campo de la didáctica en nuestro país, iniciamos un proceso de investigación que busca identificar y caracterizar conocimientos y saberes que se están produciendo en y sobre la enseñanza en universidades públicas argentinas. En este escrito, luego de una recopilación y análisis de unos doscientos artículos publicados en revistas académicas sobre la enseñanza y de las presentaciones realizadas en distintos eventos académicos recientes, compartimos un conjunto de rasgos emergentes como también interrogantes que vuelven a interpelar esta añeja y necesaria disciplina. La reconsideración de los distintos modos de producción de conocimiento en la didáctica, la dificultad y necesidad de un pensamiento complejo para comprender la multidimensionalidad de la enseñanza, la referencia a viejos y nuevos temas que han emergido con más fuerza en los últimos años, son algunos de los tópicos que ponemos en consideración.
Acompañar procesos de formación y ser transformado. Los bordes del laberinto
Authors: Manrique María Soledad
Published: August 2023

Entrevistamos a Melina Seldes, artista que se dedica a la formación entendida como desarrollo personal. La entrevista incluye una presentación de la entrevistada, una caracterización de los procesos que acompaña, a partir de la metáfora del recorrido por un laberinto, que le permite a cada quien ser intérprete de su propia vida. Describe especialmente la práctica de Release sobre la que se apoya, las dificultades que encuentran aquellos a quienes acompaña y el modo en que se posiciona para llevar a cabo ese acompañamiento, a través de la imagen de «borde». Se refiere al modo en que llegó a darle forma a ese rol «soltando lo propio» y dando lugar a la singularidad de cada sujeto en formación, haciendo con ella misma el proceso que busca acompañar en otros. Refiere a sus propias dificultades en esa construcción y al modo en que afinó su propia escucha para lograr ser intérprete. Concluye refiriendo a los aportes que podría representar para un formador, el ser intérprete, del modo en que ella lo comprende.
Изучение профессиональных репутаций как игра: социология знания, теория игр и токенизированные реестры
Authors: Космарский Артем Анатольевич , Гордийчук Николай Валентинович
Published: August 2023

Значимость репутации для социального мира, для успешной работы институтов и принятия решений людьми и организациями сложно переоценить, однако и механизмы репутации, и само это понятие остаются недостаточно проясненными и исследованными в социальных науках. Возможно ли исследовать и, главное, делать публичными репутации? Мы полагаем, что да, и в данной статье описываем возможный метод для этого, опирающийся на теорию игр (и, конкретно, координационные игры), понимание репутации как неявного социального знания, технологию токенизированных реестров (token-curated registries, TCR) и консенсус профессиональных сообществ. Описанный нами подход позволяет исследовать наличие в сообществах консенсуса относительно репутационных свойств различных объектов (конкретных специалистов, институций, научных журналов и т.п.). В статье мы описываем токенизированные реестры как прообраз нашего метода, возникший в блокчейн- и IT-среде, и сложности, возникшие при их использовании для оценки репутаций в реальном мире. Далее мы предлагаем социологическую концептуализацию репутации как неявного социального знания (versus ее понимания как формы капитала) и указываем на точки пересечения этой концептуализации с теорией игр. Наконец, на этой основе мы предлагаем дизайн и процедуру координационных игр по оценке репутации и останавливаемся на преимуществах и ограничениях предлагаемого нами метода.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Harta Pusako Tinggi Terhadap Ahli Waris Yang Punah Melalui Niniak Mamak Nan Salapan Di Nagari Ampalu Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota
Authors: Sonanda Rahmi , Syuriani Syuriani , Nazar Jazman
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa tanah harta pusako tinggi terhadap ahli waris yang punah melalui Niniak Mamak Nan Salapan di Nagari Ampalu, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Di Minangkabau sebenarnya tidak dikenal adanya ahli waris yang punah terhadap harta peninggalan, akan tetapi punah yang dimaksud disini adalah ketika keturunan pokok atau inti dari suatu kaum itu sudah tiada dan harta peninggalan yang ada akan diwariskan kepada kaum lainnya yang berhak atas harta warisan tersebut. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian hukum Yuridis Empiris. Penulis melakukan penelitian secara sosiologis, secara lapangan dimana kita akan mengkaji ketentuan hukum tentang penyelesaian sengketa tanah harta pusako tinggi jika penerus pokoknya sudah tidak ada secara lansung didalam kehidupan masyarakat Minangkabau di Jorong Mangunai Tinggi, Kenagarian Ampalu. Hasil penelitian berupa cara penyelesaian persengketaan masyarakat hukum di Jorong Mangunai Tinggi menggunakan peraturan adatnya yang mengutamakan musyawarah sehingga menghasilkan keputusan yang sesuai dengan peraturan adat diwilayah hukum adat Jorong Mangunai Tinggi. Sesuai dengan fakta lapangan yang didapat penulis, peran lembaga Ninak Mamak Nan Salapan merupakan bagian dari KAN dan hasil keputusan yang dikeluarkan oleh lembaga Niniak Mamak Nan Salapan diserahkan kepada KAN  melalui proses regulasi sehingga keputusan tersebut dianggap sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada.
Reference and reconstruction sources for comparative geovisualization of the Giecz stronghold in the 12th and 21st centuries
Authors: Zawadzki Jakub
Published: August 2023

This article presents the process of presenting and valorizing spatial, historical and archaeological data for creating a comparative geovisualisation of the Giecz stronghold in two time frames: the 12th and 21st centuries. The aim of this work is related to the concept of protecting and sharing cultural heritage. Special attention has been paid to the presentation of spatial archaeological and historical data in a 3D virtual environment, with a possibility of presenting them in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. From a cartographic point of view, special emphasis was placed on the proper integration of cartographic, remote sensing and graphic sources in a geomatic process for implementing the model into interactive virtual environments.
Przestrzenna i czasowa zmienność rodzajów chmur nad Polską w latach 1996-2020
Authors: Grajek Zofia , Dyszy Wiktoria
Published: August 2023

The subject of the study is a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of the type of cloud cover over Poland in 1996–2020. The analysis was based on the characteristics of particular types of clouds at three levels, based on hourly measurement data from 36 meteorological stations (IMWM-NRI). The variability of the share of cloud types was analysed on three levels in the multi-annual, annual and daily course. Maps of spatial distribution for selected clouds were plotted. In the study of the multi-year period, clouds of the low-level were observed most frequently, and the most numerous cloud type was Stratocumulus. Altocumulus clouds were found to have the highest frequency on the mid-level, while Cirrus clouds of various species were found on the high-level. On the low-level, the highest increase in the share in the analysed multi-year period was recorded for Stratocumulus clouds, and the highest decrease for moderately and strongly uplifted Cumulus clouds. On the mid-level, the largest increase in the share was observed for Altocumulus clouds, and the largest decrease for Nimbostratus clouds. Among the clouds of the high-level, the greatest increase in the proportion of Cirrostratus clouds not stretching the sky was observed, while the greatest decrease in the share was for the Cirrus uncinus clouds. The annual and daily courses on all the levels showed cyclic occurrence, meaning that the different types of clouds have characteristic periods when they are observed more or less frequently, both on an annual and daily basis.
A Social Network Approach to the Dual Aspect of Moral Competence
Authors: Salej Higgins Silvio , Vega Sanabria Guillermo , Unger Raphael Bataglia Patrícia , Fontenele Gonçalves Erick , Ferreira da Silva Carmo Lavínia
Published: August 2023

This work presents evidence supporting the relationship between the dual aspect of moral competence (emotion and cognition) and social networks in school settings. We conducted empirical research with 160 students from various disciplines of the social sciences and different cohorts in two Brazilian public universities. Firstly, the participants responded to Georg Lind’s Moral Competence Test (MCT-xt). Following this, a sociometric generator regarding relationships of friendship and collaboration in social networks was applied, and several Exponential Random Graphs Models (ERGMs), with the MCT-xt score as an exogenous effect and predictor of these relationships, were utilized. We also used a Crisp-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis in order to determine if the cohorts, where the average MCT-xt was associated with the interactional structure, obeyed the same causal configuration. There exist two conditional configurations: (1) a sufficient score of MCT-xt in a social network with homogeneous status encourages a proactive search of collaboration; (2) an insufficient score of MCT-xt in a social network with homogeneous status encourages a collaborative exchange based on the popularity of some individuals. This work reveals how to interpret, at the grouping level, the results of MCT-xt.
A guide to conducting systematic reviews of clinical laboratory tests
Authors: Don-Wauchope Andrew C. , Rodriguez-Capote Karina , Assaad Ramy Samir , Bhargava Seema , Zemlin Annalise E.
Published: August 2023

Clinical laboratory professionals have an instrumental role in supporting clinical decision making with the optimal use of laboratory testing for screening, risk stratification, diagnostic, prognostic, treatment selection and monitoring of different states of health and disease. Delivering evidence-based laboratory medicine relies on review of available data and literature. The information derived, supports many national policies to improve patient care through clinical practice guidelines or best practice recommendations. The quality, validity and bias of this literature is variable. Hence, there is a need to collate similar studies and data and analyse them critically. Systematic review, thus, becomes the most important source of evidence. A systematic review, unlike a scoping or narrative review, involves a thorough understanding of the procedure involved and a stepwise methodology. There are nuances that need some consideration for laboratory medicine systematic reviews. The purpose of this article is to describe the process of performing a systematic review in the field of laboratory medicine, describing the available methodologies, tools and software packages that can be used to facilitate this process.