bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Building Wisdom of Earth Dwellings in Longdong Region of Gansu Province
Authors: Jin Yi Bing , Wang Jun
Published: October 2012

When we are busy discussing how we should improve the bad physical qualities of traditional cave houses, such as humidity, poor lighting and ventilation condition, we fail to notice that a unique earth dwelling, adobe cave house, has long existed in the Longdong region of Gansu province. The type of earth dwelling is facilitated by traditional building technique such as rammed earth walls and adobe vaults, which does not only fixed the defect of humidity, bad lighting and ventilation condition, but it is also a typical green ecological building. The article takes the adobe cave house as the object of study, starting from the relation between resources and buildings, deeply probe into the underlying building wisdom. Aiming at the main existing problems, the article is dedicated to exploring new model of building vernacular earth building, with the intention to alleviate the contradiction between man, resources, environment and buildings. And after all, to provide theoretical foundation and practical guidance for building the new vernacular earth dwellings.
Freight Structure Optimization Method Based on the Industrial Structure
Authors: Xia Xiao Mei , Ma Xiao Dan
Published: October 2012

In order to optimize the transportation structure of goods and form a comprehensive transportation system where allocation of resources is reasonable and the benefits are maxim with the limitation of resources, the interaction between economy and transportation system is considered. After analyzing the influence of the industrial structure on cargo types, transportation distance, volume and thus the transportation mode, an optimization rule for freight structure is proposed, and then a freight forecast model based on industrial structure and an optimization model of transportation structure for the carriage of goods are built. Also the models are described and calibrated. Finally the countermeasures for the optimal adjustment of the cargos transportation structure are proposed.
Study on Control Strategy of Intelligent Guidance System for Foggy Area Traffic Safety
Authors: Hu Shu Guang , Li Chang Cheng , Yan Shao Yang , Xin Xin
Published: October 2012

In recent years, an innovative Intelligent Guidance System for traffic safety under limited visibility conditions appeared and evolved. According to prevailing visibility and traffic conditions, such systems can provide roadway outline reinforcement, vehicle active guidance, rear-end collision warning functions by changing brightness, color, flashing frequency, etc. of the illuminant guidance facilities. Rear-end collision warning function is the marked feature different from traditional guidance facilities. This paper elaborates main principle, system configuration, word mode, control strategy of such system. Especially, emphasis is put on the analysis of key control parameters such as threshold of red lamp duration, quantity of trigged red lamps, which impact practical effects of such system greatly. Regarding the particular rear-end collision warning function, the author use time series chart of trigged red lamps status and list table of key parameters change to induce and optimize key control parameters configuration. The relationship of safe spacing between vehicles, advised speed limit, threshold of red lamp duration and quantity of trigged red lamps is established. And this can be referred to improve the practical effectiveness when such systems are constructed and used.
Multilayer Translocation Road Traffic System in CBD
Authors: Du Sheng Pin , He Ya Qin
Published: October 2012

The CBD demands that the street must occupy little space and has high efficiency. Based on the CBD’s traffic characteristics, this paper proposes a new idea that is called multilayer translocation road traffic system. Then the idea and implementation are put forward. The advantages and deficiencies show that the multilayer translocation road traffic system is favorable to the environment protection and is accord with green traffic. The concept will help the CBD’s planning, design and construction.
Study on Regional Development of Urban Public Transportation and Management Strategies
Authors: Ma Fang , Chen Li Hua , Luo Yi Ping , Ma Qi Hua
Published: October 2012

As a rapid growth developing country with the vast area, the level of economic growth and city size in China is inconsistent in each administrative region. Therefore, it is an important issue to analyze the development status of the various administrative areas of urban public transportation, in order to compare their development and management patterns. In this article, the regional development of urban public passenger transportation system will be studied through statistical analysis, and then management measures will be proposed based on the comparative analysis.
Influence of the Three Gorges Reservoir Filling at 175m Scheme on Chongqing Water Transportation
Authors: Yang Jing Li , Fu Hua , Ma Yao Chang , Yang Yun Yun
Published: October 2012

Jialing River flows into Yangtze River at main city zone of Chongqing Municipality, evolutional mechanism of rivers near the confluence site obviously shows some estuary properties. In September 2008, the Three Gorges Reservoir experimented to fill water at 175m, thus, rivers near the Chongqing Municipality are located in the upper or middle area of fluctuating backwater region and alternatively behave as reservoirs or natural rivers. On the basis of field experimental data of the reservoir impoundment process, the properties of sediment transport of some key harbors were investigated to study the waterway characters. The results show that most of the rivers took place silting. The specific results are that, at the Jiulongpo and the Jinshaqi areas, the sediment deposition grew higher 1-2m and 1-3m, respectively, and at the Zhuerqi zone, there was a few silting. The disadvantages of long-term impoundment process of the Three Gorges Reservoir on water transportation should be further explored in time.
Study on Prior to Develop Public Transportation Measures in Dalian
Authors: Zhang Xiao Juan
Published: October 2012

Dalian’s traffic jam becomes increasingly severe, on the one hand, serious influence of city's image, on the other hand bring a lot of inconvenience to people. "Bus priority" is already proved an effective way to solve traffic problems in lot of states and cities. This paper first analyzes Dalian public transportation present situation and reform measures, and then analyzes cost calculation formula of public transportation and private car, then comparison them, at the end advances feasible countermeasures, determining how to implement "giving priority ”to Dalian bus development.
Research and Development of Coping Disposal System for Incident Suddenly Occurring on Freeway Based on GIS
Authors: Jin Lei
Published: October 2012

GIS technology becoming mature lays a foundation of the implication of GIS in transportation domain. This article mainly designs the structure and function of system according to analyzing of the needs of the users. It uses Delphi, Mapx and SQL Server technology to realize Coping Disposal System for Incident Suddenly Occurring on Freeway Based on GIS. Thus it visual does the effective real-time management to the sudden event of each regional. And it improves the processing power to the sudden event.
Analysis of Influence Factors and Countermeasures on the Safety of Hazardous Goods Transportation on Road
Authors: Hu Juan Juan , Sun Xiao Duan , Han Bing
Published: October 2012

In order to improve the safety of road hazardous goods transportation and decrease the accidents, the management process of hazardous goods transportation is taken as the main research object in this paper. The fault tree is established to seek out the primary factors influencing on the hazardous goods transportation on road, and the safety proposals are presented.
Analysis on Capacity of Unsignalized Intersection on Urban Arterial Road in Slight Snowy Weather
Authors: Xu Liang , Cheng Guo Zhu
Published: October 2012

In order to evaluate traffic operation status of unsignalized intersection on arterial road in slight snowy weather, it was studied that the influence of slight snow on capacity of unsignalized intersection. Critical gap and following headway data of one unsignalized intersections were observed by video method. And gap accepting theory was adopted to calculate the capacity of unsignalized intersection. An example was given for calculating the capacity of an unsiglized intersection on normal pavement and slight snowy pavement. It showed that capacity of unsignalized intersection in slight snowy weather decreased by 11.26% compared with on sunny weather.
Research of Safe Speed at Snow on Freeway Based on Braking Model of Stopping Sight Distance
Authors: Wang Jian Jun , Xu Fa Yao , Ma A Jin
Published: October 2012

The brake model derivation based on the kinematics of the stopping sight distance analysis, considering the freeway visibility and road surface friction coefficient, put forward freeway safety speed calculation model in snow condition, reach maximum safe speed of snow freeway in a different visibility and road adhesion coefficient snow condition, provide a management reference for freeway snow driving safety.
Reliability Analysis of Highway Network Communication System Based on the Fault Tree Analysis Method
Authors: Jia Xu , Zhu Li Wei
Published: October 2012

After introduced the composition and function of Highway Network Communication System (HNCS), the HNCS model was established based on the fault tree analysis method. According to the provided impact assessment model, the influence of highway electromechanical system network reliability was analyzed, and subsequently the system reliability of HNCS was evaluated, This paper put forward the strategies to improving the network system reliability of highway electromechanical system, and providing the technical support for the maintenance work of highway network system electromechanical equipments.
Evaluation of Inner Mongolia Highway Traffic Sustainable Development Based on PCA-DEA Model
Authors: Zhang Chun Mei , Han Jie , Ma Zhan Xin , Guo Hong Yu
Published: October 2012

Based on the designed evaluation index system of the Inner Mongolia highway traffic sustainable development, this paper used PCA-DEA composite evaluation model to evaluate the Inner Mongolia highway traffic sustainable development by using SPSS and Excel software. The results show that the DEA are effective in 2007 and 2009, and the DEA are not effective in the rest of the ten years but it increases returns to scale in these years, which indicates that increasing inputs can get more outputs. The technologies in 2007, 2008 and 2009 are effective, which shows that Inner Mongolia autonomous region has paid attention to the technology development and utilization in highway construction in recent years. It is clear that Inner Mongolia highway traffic is towards the direction of the sustainable development.
Traffic Demand Forecast and Control in Large-Scale Activities
Authors: Zhang Liang Zhi , Jia Lei , Wang Mei Xia
Published: October 2012

In order to alleviate traffic load during large-scale activities held in cities, the concepts of traffic planning is applied in this paper. To forecast traffic demand of large-scale activities, the traditional four-stage method is imposed. Traffic forecasting model is set up in simulation tool TransCAD, and then traffic loads are gained in road around large-scale activities. Based on the result of simulate, appropriate measures are taken and re-assignment is implemented. By comparing simulation results between before and after the implementation of traffic control measures, the impact of large-scale activities to the road network and effectiveness of control measures are verified in the paper.
Study on Generalized Hamiltonian Model of Hydraulic Generator Unit with Elastic Water Column
Authors: Xu Tian Mao , Zhang Li Xiang , Zeng Yun , Qian Jing
Published: October 2012

In this paper, nonlinear turbine model and hydraulic system which is one penstock one machine dynamic differential equation with elastic water column are combined. Hamiltonian function of hydraulic turbine is constructed. By applying Hamiltonian orthogonal decomposition realization and dissipation realization method, generalized Hamiltonian model of hydraulic turbine is built. Connected with generator third-order Hamiltonian model of single machine infinite bus system, generalized Hamiltonian model of hydraulic generator unit is established. This paper provides certain theory basis for research operation and control dynamics mechanism of hydraulic generator unit in generalized Hamiltonian system framework.
Numerical Simulation and Model Test on Hydraulic Characteristics of Long-Distance Inverted Siphon
Authors: Li Juan , Mu Zhen Wei , Li Lin
Published: October 2012

Make Use of three-dimensional flow field turbulence numerical simulation of unsteady flow k~εturbulence model and tracking the free surface VOF method of long-distance inverted siphon. By numerical calculation of flow characteristics and pressure distribution, carried out with the model test contrast, the results were coordinate and meet the requirements of design. But vortex formed in the filling process, it is recommended to optimize the inverted siphon inlet section. The method of combining calculation and test on the long-distance inverted siphon provide the reference for the design and operation.
Preliminary Study of Regulation Schemes for Navigation Channel in Dinh An Estuary, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Viet Thanh , Zheng Jin Hai
Published: October 2012

Dinh An Estuary is one of Bassac River’s estuaries as a part of the Mekong delta. The navigation channel entrance, however, has a limited nautical depth due to the presence of a highly dynamic offshore bar at the estuary. Ship’s size sailing on the Bassac River is therefore limited to 5,000 DWT in optimal conditions. It needs to dredge twice a year and a lot of money paid for keeping the channel. Sometimes, the channel was deposited intermediately after dredging. In this paper, according to the specific morphodynamic conditions at the estuary, the advantages and drawbacks for the proposed regulation schemes are established. Four regulation schemes are numerically investigated and analyzed with respect to the behavior of each scheme to improve the water depth in the navigation channel.
Numerical Simulation on Flow Field of Screen Filter for Drip Irrigation in Field
Authors: Zong Quan Li , Zheng Tie Gand
Published: October 2012

Based on CFD software Fluent, the flow field of screen filter was simulated numerically，and the results of calculation were analyzed in detailed. The results show that the velocity distribution declines along the radial direction of tank. The flow can be rotated and mixed in tank, and the screen of outlet can be clogged quickly resulting in uneven clogging. The turbulent pressure distribution of filter is not uniformity. In the inlet, the turbulent energy is larger than the second tank. In the inlet of second screen, there is a high turbulence region resulting in the larger head loss. The pressure distribution of the second tank is uniformity in the course of filter work. However, the pressure of the first tank is significantly higher than the second one.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research of a New Butterfly Valve
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhu Ying , Shen Xin Rong , Ma Jian Feng
Published: October 2012

The paper proposes an idea of projection weighted area in designing a new control butterfly valve. A lot of three-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out on the new valve, and the numerical simulations give a good linear relationship between relative flow coefficient and relative valve opening. An experiment setup was established to verify the results of numerical simulations, and the results show that the CFD technology to research and design the new valve plate is entirely feasible.
Analysis on the Application of High Speed on-Off Valve(HSV) as Pilot Valve
Authors: Zheng Kun Shan , Shao Li Fu , Liu Fei , Chen Gao Jie , Tian Zhen
Published: October 2012

High Speed on-off Valve (HSV), when used as the pilot valve of the proportional directional valves, can improve its dynamic characteristics，reduce dead area，improve digitization and reduce the cost. Also, we can gain core competitiveness by mastering key technology in this field. This paper did simulations with Matlab and AMESim software, studied the characteristics of High Speed on-off Valve (HSV) as the pilot valve, and finally proposed key problems that need to be solved in the next stage of the research.
Locating of Salt and Fresh Water Interface in Coastal Zones Using 2D Resistivity Imageries
Authors: Subasinghe Nalaka D. , Jinadasa Priyantha
Published: October 2012

Demarcation of fresh- and saline-water interface is important in water supply engineering in coastal regions. A resistivity imager system was employed to investigate the saline water intrusion to freshwater table at selected coastal locations in Sri Lanka. This is the first such attempt in Sri Lanka using the above technique. Systematic geo-resistivity investigations were carried out at randomly selected sites at Mundel and Rekawa coastal areas. Measured and calculated values generally show good agreement, especially in Mundel area, where the current penetration is good. The results indicate a possibility of using resistivity imager system to demarcate the saline and fresh water interfaces and intermixing zones, especially in the wet zone.
Analysis for the Cause of Sharp Cutoff of Water and Sediment in He-Long Reach the Yellow River Middle Area
Authors: Kang Ling Ling , Liu Kun , Dong Fei Fei , Zhang Sheng Li , Liu Jun Jun
Published: October 2012

This paper analyzes the circumstance of the sharp cutoff of water and sediment in He-Long reach recently, discusses the cause of the change of water and sediment. The study shows that, the change of underling surface and the rainfall without runoff are the primary reason for the sharp cutoff of water and sediment, if the rainfall condition changes, especially under the rainstorm which in the large area, with high strength and last for long time, the accumulated and secluded sediments could make the sediment yield increase sharply, the circumstance of sharp cutoff of water and sediment would change.
Analysis of Precipitation Concentration in Gaoyou Irrigation District: Implications for Increasing Effective Rainfall
Authors: Fu Hao Long , Luo Yu Feng , Wang Wei Guang , Jiang Yun Lu , Xiong Yu Jiang
Published: October 2012

The humid region in south China has abundant rainfall. In order to make effective use of rainfall and save irrigation water, we collected the historical precipitation data of Gaoyou Irrigation District for the past fifty years and used the Geordie Coefficient model of precipitation time evenness index to calculate the precipitation concentration index in different growth stages of rice. The results showed that the precipitation concentration index was low in the early stages of rice; while it gradually increased in the later stages. The precipitation concentration index reached the minimum during the jointing-booting stage and the peak the maturing stage. There were also deceasing trends in precipitation concentration for the early stages. Therefore, it is possible to make better use of rainfall in the early stages of rice growth and save irrigation water. It is necessary to investigate accuracy of rainfall forecasts in future studies.
Selection of Groundwater Control Scheme for Deep Excavation in Alluvial Soil along the Yellow River
Authors: Yuan Hua , Zhao Zhi Liang , Li Yun Hua
Published: October 2012

Kaifeng locates on a flat and open alluvial plain of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Owing to its complex history and long-term deposition, a silty stratum with multi-miscellaneous fill and alluvial soil interphase is gradually formed. Combing with the soil actual characteristics of Kaifeng area, which is mainly composed of “high water content”, “high water head”, “strong permeability”, “low strength”, “adequate water supply”, a optimal groundwater control scheme for deep excavation under above complicated geological conditions is proposed. Moreover, the most appropriate waterproof curtain form is recommended for the foundation pit engineering whose excavation depth is less than 10m. The findings of this investigation may offer some suggestions for the choice of groundwater control scheme for construction purpose in similar strata.
2-D CFD Model for Free Surface River Flow with Tilt Rigid Leave of Submerged Vegetation
Authors: Li Yan Hong , Xie Li Quan
Published: October 2012

Keywords: river flow; two-dimensional CFD model; velocity profile; submerged vegetation leave Abstract. River flow with submerged foliage vegetation in straight and rectangular cross-sectional channel is numerically simulated through a vertical two-dimensional CFD model. Tilt thin strips are assigned in river flow to mimic the configuration of vegetation leave. The free surface line and the vertical profiles of longitudinal velocity are presented. The vertical velocity profile differs from the well acknowledged logarithmic or semi-logarithmic law. The submerged leave canopy resist the flow through it and pilots the flow upward over it, resulting in a decreased velocity within the canopy and an increased velocity above the canopy. The velocity profiles within the leave canopy are impacted by the configurations of the leave.
Study on Dynamic Equilibrium of Sediment Transport by Qingshuigou Course of the Yellow River
Authors: Yu Shou Bing , Wang Kai Rong , Wang Wan Zhan
Published: October 2012

The multi-object application of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir and water and sediment regulation have greatly changed flow and sediment conditions emptying into the Yellow River Estuary. By use of flow and sediment field data at the Lijin Hydrological Station and river cross-section elevation data during 2001~2010, the paper has analyzed characteristics of the Yellow River Estuary in terms of incoming flow and sediment conditions, main flume area, average river longitudinal section and river length. The results show that annual total water volume emptying into the Estuary since 2003 has maintained about 200×108 m3, annual total sediment 1.77×108 t, whole annual average sediment concentration 9.3kg/m3, which are stable and beneficial for dynamic equilibrium of sediment transport. Interannual stability of main flume area, average river bed elevation and river length since the Lijin Section during 2007-2010 indicate that current Qingshuigou Course of the Yellow River has achieved dynamic equilibrium of sediment transport.
Calculation of Design Flood for Small Watershed of Miaoyuanxi Stream
Authors: Liu Jun Ping , Zhang Jun Zhi , Yuan Wei Bin
Published: October 2012

The flood in the mountainous area is characterized by remarkable outburst, low foreseeability, sudden rise and sudden fall and large destruction and is one of the natural disasters in rural area. In order to reduce the loss from mountain flood, this Thesis, taking the section of Siwu Village on the upstream of Miaoyuanxi Stream as the study object, conducts the calculation of the design flood for the small watershed of Miaoyuanxi Stream. The small watershed is short of the data of actually measured rainfall, especially runoff; therefore, based on the geographic information system (GIS), with irregular triangle net and spatial analysis function, we have realized the interpolation of the hydrologic characteristic value isoline of the research area; with frequency analysis, we have calculated the design rainfall of different time at different frequency and further calculated the design peak with the rational formula; in addition, with the hydraulic method, we have calculated the corresponding water depth of the three control sections of Siwu Village. The result shows that, the combination of small watershed design flood calculation and the GIS can make the hydrologic calculation more accurate and convenient. The research result may be the reference for the establishment of the flood prevention and avoidance guarantee system for the rural area.
Application of Complex Adaptive System Theory to Water Resources Allocation in Dianchi Basin
Authors: Su Qiong , He Shi Hua
Published: October 2012

Based on complex adaptive system theory, the characteristics of water resources allocation system of river basin are analyzed. Evolutionary mechanisms and process of complex adaptive water resources allocation system in Dianchi basin are researched, and also characteristics of "learning". A complex adaptive system model of water-resource allocation is established during analyzing the influence factors and the reaction rules of water consumer agents and water provider agents. And based on this model, water resources in Dianchi basin is allocated only under Dianchi water provider and Zhangjiu river Yunlong reservoir water provider by using the platform of matlab. Finally, corresponding calculation results and conclusions are concluded.
Economic and Ecological Benefits on the Implementation of Integrated Water Allocation in the Yellow River
Authors: Xu Chen Guang , Zhao Mai Huan , He Li Yuan
Published: October 2012

Integrated water allocation in the Yellow River has played an important role in maintaining the healthy life of the Yellow River and realizing its functionally unabated flow. After the integrated water allocation, the average surface water consumption in the Yellow River Basin decreased 46*108 m3, the average annual benefits reached 12.643 billion Yuan, and the GDP accumulatively increased 3504*108 Yuan. The Yellow River has flowed unabated for 10 successive years, and the eco-environmental water consumption in the lower reaches during the non-flood season has increased 14.6*108 m3, which guaranteed the base flow of the Yellow River
Experimental Study on Muddy Water Delivery for Irrigation in Low-Pressure Pipeline System
Authors: Zong Quan Li , Zhang Xiao Yan , Wang Zi Jian , Tang Hua
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Non-depositing critical velocity is an important parameter in project design for low pressure pipeline irrigation system. By using indoor experimental system of water pipeline conveyance, the non-depositing critical velocity with different sediment content has been researched. The results show that the non-depositing critical velocity increases with the increasing of sediment content, but it does not increase substantially with the increasing of sediment content. The empirical formula of non-depositing critical velocity has been drawn, and close agreement between the empirical formula and the measured data exists with a correlation coefficient R2=0.95, which can provide the basic theoretic reference to prevent pipe from being clogged in channel irrigation area.
Water Changing Trends and Water Quota Management in China’s Public Services
Authors: Liu Qiang , Liu Hong Bo , Fu Jin Xiang
Published: October 2012

China has the largest population in the world, and the available water resources per capita are very limited. The rapid economic growth and urbanization has caused increased water demand in China’s urban areas. Urban water quota management has become a core strategy for establishing a water-saving society. In 2001-2008, the trend of total water consumption has changed obvious in China. And the water consumption of public service has the same trend. Whit the development of the third industry and the increase of use efficiency, in the future the trend of public service water consumption will maintain stable situation. It still need further improve the water management to control the water increasing. The comprehensive water quota as the standard can estimate the water-saving level of the industries. And it can also determine whether the industry meet the water-saving requirements. Compared with the part quota, it simplifies the process of collecting the water data and improving the quota management operation, which avoid the false data. Researching the comprehensive water quota is a critical part of water quota management.
Pareto Genetic Algorithms for Multi-Objective Design of Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Nicolini Matteo
Published: October 2012

The paper describes the development of a technique for the optimal design of water supply and distribution systems, based on a coupling between evolutionary algorithms and a pressurized hydraulic network solver. The purpose is to show the capabilities of Pareto genetic algorithms (PGAs) in solving multi-objective, constrained optimization problems: in such cases, the optimum is represented not only by one solution, as in single-objective optimization, but by a set of optimal configurations (the Pareto front or frontier), satisfying different levels of compromise among the competing objectives. A Pareto GA should determine the family of such non-dominated solutions, each of which is optimal in the sense that no improvement can be achieved in one criterion without the degradation in at least one of the remaining criteria. This might be of great help to the decision maker in selecting the best trade-off configuration, which will eventually depend on the actual context. An application to a real case is also presented.
Evaluation of Water Environment Carrying Capacity in Guanzhong Area
Authors: Chen Yan Xia , Gao Jian Yong
Published: October 2012

With the combination of real coded accelerating genetic algorithm and projection pursuit technology (RAGA-PPT), RAGA-PPT model for water environment carrying capacity (WECC) evaluation was proposed. Eleven comprehensive indexes were selected to form WECC evaluation index system, and the predicted value of each index in different development processes was acquired by system dynamics simulating. Based on the data, RAGA-PPT model was used to evaluate WECC of Guanzhong area at the year 1997, 2015 and 2020. The results show that waste water emission per person and available water supply per person are the key factors influencing WECC of Guanzhong area, and the situation of WECC would be improved gradually, by taking measures of increasing the quantity of wastewater reuse and diversion water to improve water conservation and supply level.
Observed Changes of Drought/Wetness Episodes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Zhang Yi Wei , Wang Wei Guang
Published: October 2012

Monthly precipitation data of 76 meteorology stations over the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river for 1961–2010 were analyzed by using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and aridity index (I) for the rainy season (April–September) and winter (December– February). Trends of the number of wet and dry months were tested with Mann-Kendall technique. The results showed that: (1) The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as a whole has become wetter during the rainy season and winter. (2) Major parts of the study area are characterized by increasing frequencies of severe and moderate wet months in the rainy season. (3) The study tries to explore the spatial and temporal changes in the wet and dry conditions across the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River by using SPI and I, and get the complete picture of the change of wet and dry.
Stability Experiment of Revetment Blocks for Regulation Project of Mulan Creek River
Authors: Zhao Xiao Dong , Xu Xue Song , Li Xiao Xiao , Chen Xing
Published: October 2012

The anti-scour velocity of revetment blocks for flood control project of Mulan Creek river was studied through flume experiments. The results show that the revetment stability is related to the surface smoothness of revetment blocks. If they are paved smoothly, the incipient velocity of the blocks is greater than 4.0m/s, otherwise it is smaller than 3.2m/s. Hence, the smooth armour layer of revetment blocks are more stable than the others. According to distributions of flow velocities during flood in the river, the armor block types for different reaches of Mulan Creek river are suggested.
Static Analysis of Bonding Steel Technique for Diversion Tunnel on Hualiangting Reservoir
Authors: Liu Shao Lin , Peng Hui , Zheng Chong Yang , Yan Qin Long , Liu Shuai
Published: October 2012

Bonding steel technique plays an important role in strengthening and eliminating dangers. As for special of hydraulic structure,application of it is not very common.This text combines Nonlinear FEM software ANSYS to Comparative analysis the static performance of the diversion tunnel on hualiangting reservoir and determine the structure scheme.
Structure Design and Mechanics Calculation of Beam Truss Aqueduct
Authors: Lu Qiang , Ye Yong , Hu Dan , Li Xin Chun
Published: October 2012

Aqueduct is a overhead canal building spanning river, road, hill, and valley, and it is also one of the most widely used crossing building. Usually by simplifying the actual structure ( supporting simplified, pole simplified, load simplified), the mechanical model of beam truss aqueduct can be attained and be calculated. It is an important step to understand its stress characteristics and structural features, so aqueduct model is hand-made with white cardboard and glue materials. By simulating the water flowing with standard sand, aqueduct model is loaded and the test is finished. At the same time , the numerical calculation is performed with the structural mechanics solver and ANSYS finite element software, the results are compared with test data. The results show the upper and lower beam of Aqueduct model support mostly the bending deformation, truss rods mostly stand the uniaxial tensile or compression deformation. The reasonable selection shape can helps to make mechanical properties of the rods better. The appropriate arrangement of upper, lower chords and ventral pole position can makes the bending moment, shear and axial force value of the bar distribute reasonable, so the application range of beam aqueduct is improved greatly.
Evaluation for Stepped Apron against Erosion around Piers
Authors: Lin Chih Hsien , Cheng Kuei Hsiang , Chao Cheng
Published: October 2012

In order to reduce erosion impact around pier footings, the SMS-2D applied in this study to analysis stepped apron set in critical scour downstream and discuss its scour protection due to bow wave around the bridge pier on the main deep trough of new Taitung Bridge in 100 years return flood peak flow, on the downstream BeiNan River in East-Taiwan as case study. Further, the topic of this study is to compare the different dimensions of aprons for apron deflecting characteristics, making the beach effect and take preventive measures, and in case of excessive cost, suitable sizes and sets for stepped apron are provided for reliable information and references for bridge engineers.
The Impact of Temperature Difference between Day and Night on Thin-Walled Concrete Structure
Authors: Wang Zhen Hong , Yu Shu Ping , Yi Liu , Liu You Zhi
Published: October 2012

When temperature difference between day and night is considered, there are worse effects on thin-walled concrete structure than its on mass concrete structure during construction. In the view of this problem, the 3-D FEM is adopted to simulate the thermal field and stresses field of thin-walled concrete launder during construction when temperature difference between day and night is considered. The simulation results show that the fluctuation of stress will appear not only in the surface but also in the inner of thin-walled concrete structure, so it brings a lot of difficulties for temperature control and crack prevention. In order to reduce the impact degree of temperature difference between day and night, some effective measures should be taken, including enhancing the level of external heat preservation and prolonging the form removal time and so on. If the variation of daily temperature is used to the simulation computation of thin-walled concrete structure during construction, the results should be very reasonable and effective. This research is of practical reference value for the construction of the concrete structure which is built in the area where large temperature difference between day and night easily occurs.
Fluoride Evaporation during Thermal Treatment of Waste Slag from Mg Production Using Pidgeon Process
Authors: Han Feng Lan , Wu Lan Er , Guo Sheng Wei , Yang Qi Xing , Du Chun
Published: October 2012

Fluoride evaporation from Mg slag samples was investigated. F content in the original slag sample from an Mg factory was 1.65%, which decreases to 0.98-1.54% in the samples heated at 1000-1400°C for 3 hours. The values of F evaporation from the test samples were 6.7-40.6%. The fluorides may evaporate in the atmosphere, causing air pollution. Some suggestions were presented based on study results obtained to minimize fluoride emissions and improve environmental performances of the Mg production by using Pidgeon process.
Non-Metallic Inclusions Control for High Strength Anti-HIC X65 Tube Steel
Authors: Wang Jian , Chen Yong , Huang Sheng Quan , Zeng Jian Hua , Yi Liang Gang , Zhang Yong Jun , Chen Lian , Yu Hai Bin
Published: October 2012

The hot metal fed converter in Panzhihua Steel Company is characterized by high sulfur content of 0.085% and high phosphorus content of 0.133%. Under this condition, some technologies like control of sulfur and T[O] content, ladle slag optimization, calcium treatment and protective casting were used in practice, and the desired result of T[O] as low as 0.0014% and sulfur content of 0.0023%was achieved, which met the cleanness requirements by anti-HIC X65 tube steel. With the help of inclusion control technology, grade of inclusions in as-cast steel was less than 0.5. In addition, total amount of inclusions was only 0.0044% which dispersed in slab in form of small spherical particle.
Injectable Surfactant Included-Virgin Coconut Oil with and without Ibuprofen
Authors: Anuchatkidjaroen Sumuntana , Phaechamud Thawatchai
Published: October 2012

In the tropical countries, virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been abundantly utilized as traditional medicine and cosmetic, but its major problem is temperature sensitive. This oil changes into some wax-like at cool environment. The purpose of this study is to decrease wax deposition of this oil by investigate the effect of surfactants on the physical properties and drug release characteristic. Ibuprofen (IB), which can soluble in VCO, was used as a model drug. Viscosity, pour point, cloud point and polarized light microscope examinations were conducted to characterize the change of VCO physical properties. In vitro drug release experiment was performed using dialysis method at 50 rpm and 37°C in phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The addition of surfactants in VCO increased the efficiency for measuring the viscosity at lower temperature. Result from viscosity measurement indicated that Solutol® HS15 (ST) was the most suitable for choosing as representative of the surfactants. Both pour point and cloud point could not reduce by ST because the crystals size of VCO with and without ST was not different. There was no difference of viscosity of each formula during the release experiments (37°C), therefore the release rate of drug from VCO containing or without ST was not different. These indicated that the surfactants and ibuprofen affected the physical properties but did not affect the release of this investigated VCO.
Studying on Leaching Low Grade Copper Oxide Ore in the System of NH4CO3-H2O
Authors: Mao Ying Bo , Fang Jian Jun , Wen Ya , Wang Shan , Zhao Wen Juan , Zeng Shu Qin
Published: October 2012

Leaching test on the Oxidized Copper Ore coming from Dishui, XinJiang Province is studied in the NH4CO3-H2O system；Systematic studies are made to show the effects of various factors on the leaching rate of copper. The optimum conditions for leaching is finally confirmed, namely the grinding size is 85% of -0.074mm, concentration of Ammonium carbonate 2mol/L, temperature 45°C, solid to liquid ratio 3:1, stirring intensity 300r/min and leaching time 1.5h. Ultimately, the leaching rate of Cu could reach more than 87%.
Research of Refractory Oxidized Lead-Zinc Ore in Lanping
Authors: Xiao Hong , Liu Quan Jun , Jiang Mei Guang , Yang Jun Long
Published: October 2012

The lead-zinc mine is a low grade of refractory oxide mineral. The grade of lead is 2.84%, with the oxidation rate of 90.95%.The grade of zinc is 3.223%, and with the oxidation rate of 87.9%.The grade of silver is 99.5g/t.This test used the silver-lead sulphide flotation at first, then depressing zinc oxide and floating lead oxide mineral. As a result, in silver-lead sulphide concentrate, the silver grade for 1180 g/t, lead 11.45%. Lead and silver recovery rate were 18.41% and 51.14% respectively. Lead oxide concentrate grade is 32.59%, and the silver is 518g/t. Lead and silver recovery rate were 68.34% and 29.18%. Zinc oxide concentrate grade is 32.65%, including 1.14% lead; zinc recovery rate is 80.11%.
Study on Preparation of High-Grade Titanium-Rich Material from Modified Titanium Material by Microwave Selective Leaching
Authors: Sun Yan , Liu Song Li , Zhang Shu Li , Zhang Jia Hui
Published: October 2012

A new technology for preparing titanium-rich material from modified titanium material by microwave selective leaching is studied in this paper. The systemic conditional experiments are conducted on the flow sheet and the optimum technological parameters of microwave leaching including leaching temperature of 160°C, concentration of hydrochloric acid 10%, ratio of liquid to solid 10:1, leaching time of 120min. The content of TiO2 of titanium-rich material is 96.08% under the optimum condition.
Efficient Expression of Mussel Adhesive Protein in Pichia pastoris GS115 Promoted by Ectoine
Authors: Zheng Xin , Fan Wei Wei , Meng Ling Jian , Li Shuang Shuang , Liu Ying Ying , Zhang Ling Hua
Published: October 2012

Mussel adhesive protein has significant potential application in the field of medical adhesion. Genetic engineering method is gaining more and more attention, by which mussel adhesive protein can be heterologously expressed. In order to improve the expression efficiency of mussel adhesive protein with heterologous recombinant, it is reported that the compatible solutes Ectoine promoted to expression of adhesive protein on Pichia pastoris GS115. In this study, the adhesive protein gene msfp-1 from Mytilus sp. JHX-2002 was transformed into P. pastoris GS115. Inducement expression of adhesive protein Msfp-1 with various methanol concentrations was investigated. The promotion of Ectoine on the expression level of recombinant protein was studied. The results showed that adhesive protein Msfp-1 was induced with methanol on the recombinant GS115/msfp-1. The optimal concentration of methanol was 1% on heterologous expression. In the inducement expression phase of Msfp-1 with methanol, Ectoine could play a promotion role on expression of heterologous proteins. When the concentration of methanol was 1.5% and the addition of Ectoine was 1.5 mM, the expression of Msfp-1 was up to 2.1 g/L. Compared to fermentation broth without Ectoine, the expression was increased by 61.5%. Ectoine has an important promotion in the efficient expression of mussel adhesive protein on P. pastoris GS115.
Effect of Zn Stress on Pteris vittata
Authors: Zhu Qi Hong , Xia Hong Xia
Published: October 2012

In order to investigate the ability of Pteris vittata restoring Zn polluted soil, water cultured experiment is utilized to study the enriching ability of Pteris vittata to Zn, and the detoxification mechanism of Pteris vittata to Zn. The experimental results show that Pteris vittata has certain enriching ability to Zn,and the translation coefficient of Zn in Pteris vittata reaches 1.0. With the increasing of Zn application amount, chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents of Pteris vittata show ascending first and then descending,O2-• and MDA contents continuously ascend,starch content continuously descends.These results show that soluble sugar, starch,O2-• and MDA have detoxification effect,and can enhance the resistance of plant to heavy metal.
Mercury’s Leaching Contamination in Soil Environment
Authors: Ma Lin Zhuan , Guo Jun Ming , Zhang Ying Jie , Cui Qiong Fang , Liu Man Hong , Wang Hong Bin , Bai Wei
Published: October 2012

Mercury is a material with serious toxicity, and superfluous mercury can pollute large areas. The paper studied the reaction time, pH of the leaching solution, the concentration of mercury of the leaching solution’s effect for mercury’s absorption characterstic and three synergistic effect. The paper obtained some basic data about soil’s mercury pollution.
Purification of Soybean Isoflavones from Soy Sauce Residue by Ultrafiltration
Authors: Li Bing , Wu Zhi Qiang , Dong Ling Yan , Li Lin
Published: October 2012

The extraction of soybean isoflavones from the soy sauce residue which is the byproduct of soy sauce process is of great significance to improve the utilization of the soy sauce residue. Ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 20 kDa was used to purify the extraction of isoflavones. The effects of ultrafiltration pressure, ultrafiltration temperature, feeding velocity, feed concentration and the feed pH on the membrane flux and rejection were analyzed. And then the membrane was cleaned. After purifying the crude soybean isoflavones from the soy sauce reside, the content of isoflavones in the freeze-dried powder was up to 6.27%.
Study on “Vacuum Migration” of the Desorption of Ethanol-Loaded Activated Carbon by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Feng Quan Li , Yang Ling , Jia Yu , Yu Jian Chuan , Ning Ping
Published: October 2012

The utilized ethanol in waste water from ethanol industry may be recovered through activated carbon adsorption and microwave desorption of the ethanol-loaded activated carbon. The flow charts for microwave desorption of ethanol-loaded activated carbon under N2 condition and vacuum condition are designed respectively. The institute parts of the desorbed vapors change when the tests are taken under vacuum condition and the system pressure affects the separation effect obviously. The quantity of ethanol in the vapors will increase when the system pressure is reduced, and this law is still right in the case of taking microwave as the heat source. The experimental results show that the ethanol-loaded activated carbon can be desorbed nearly completely after 100s when the microwave power is not weaker than 320W. After three processes of activated carbon adsorption and microwave desorption under vacuum condition, the concentration of ethanol can come up to over than 97%～98% from 4%～8%. The separation effect of microwave desorption can be enhanced when it is combined with the method of vacuum desorption. This law will be significant for the treatment of wastewater containing organic matter from industry using microwave desorption technology.
Study on Synthesis of Cationic Water in Water Polyacrylamide Emulsion Strength Agent
Authors: Ma Yong Sheng , Wang Lin Tong , Sun Xian Hui , Liu Na , Song Guang Li
Published: October 2012

Emulsion copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and cationic monomer DMC (methyl acrylacyl oxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) was studied. A series of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) emulsion were synthesized using Water in water emulsion polymerization. Influence of polymerization conditions such as cationic monomer (DMC) ratio, reaction time, the initiator dosage on synthetic product strengthening effect to paper pulp was studied. It was showed that the CPAM emulsion optimal synthetic conditions was that AM monomer second adding amount was 60% AM total amount, ammonium persulfate initiator and sodium hydrogen sulfite initiator dosage was 0.138g and 0.03g respectively, mass ratio of DMC and AM was 15:85, reaction time was 7 hours. When the dosage of CPAM emulsion was 1.0% to absolute dry bleached wheat straw pulp, distinct strengthening effect was acquired, tensile index and tearing index of handsheet was increased by 27.2% and 26.8% respectively.