bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Efektivitas Dan Kontribusi Penerimaan Retribusi Parkir Dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kabupaten Jayapura
Authors: Aminah Siti , Urip Transna Putra , Tonapa Alfian Saning
Published: May 2022

Di era Otonomi Khusus saat ini, setiap Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten/Kota, termasuk Pemerintah Kabupaten Jayapura diberikan kewenangan yang lebih besar untuk mengatur dan mengurus rumah tangganya sendiri. oleh karena itu maka setiap Daerah memberikan penekenan yang berbeda pula pada setiap sumber pendapatan daerah. Salah satu potensi yang memerlukan perhatian khusus dari Pemerintah Kabupaten Jayapura adalah penyelenggaraan retribusi parkir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan penerimaan retribusi parkir di Kabupaten jayapura dari tahun 2014 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Untuk mengetahui efektifitas penerimaan retribusi parkir di Kabupaten Jayapura dari tahun 2014 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Untuk mengetahui kontribusi retribusi parkir terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di Kabupaten Jayapura dari tahun 2014 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Rata-rata efektivitas dari tahun 2014-2018 sebesar 74.09% yang artinya kurang efektif.sedangkan kontribusi penerimaan retribusi parkir terhadap PAD dalam rentang lima tahun sebesar 0.19%.Kata Kunci: Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Retribusi Parkir, Efektifitas, Kontribusi
Analisis Pengaruh Investasi PMA Dan PMDN Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Jayapura
Authors: Ugar Ida Fitri , Urip Transna Putra , Marbun Robert M. WST.
Published: May 2022

Tujuan diadakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis ada atau tidaknya pengaruh Penanaman Modal Asing dan Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Jayapura. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: pada model pertama (1) secara Simultan terdapat hubungan antara variabel Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) dan Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN) terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB). (2) secara Parsial terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), Dan terdapat hubungan namun tidak signifikan antara variabel Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN) terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB). Sedangkan hasil penelitian model kedua menunjukan bahwa (1) tedapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD).Kata Kunci: Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) dan Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN)
Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Tingkat Kemiskinan Dan Rasio Gini Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Di Provinsi Papua Periode 2011-2020
Authors: Riani Ida Ayu Purba , Sumreskosu Yohan , Purwadi Marsi Adi
Published: May 2022

Berdasarkan data BPS Provinsi Papua selama satu dasawarsa (2011- 2020) Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Provinsi Papua berada pada posisi terendah secara nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi, tingkat kemiskinan dan rasio gini terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) di ProvinsiPapua periode 2011-2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder,metode analisanya menggunakan data panel dan model pilihan alat analisis Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Model regresi yang dipakai regresi data panel dan pengolahan data menggunakan software statistic Eviews 9. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan tingkat kemiskinan berpengaruh signifikan dan negatif terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). Rasio Gini berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM).Kata Kunci: Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Tingkat Kemiskinan, Rasio Gini.
Peranan Sektor Pariwisata Dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Di Kota Jayapura Tahun 2011-2020
Authors: Simopiaref Madeleine Carla , Urip Transna Putra , Kbarek Maria
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini berjutuan untuk mengetahui Peranan Sektor Pariwisata yang terdiri dari variabel Jumlah Obyek Wisata, Jumlah Wisatawan, Jumlah Tingkat Hunian Hotel, dan Jumlah Restoran terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Kota Jayapura pada tahun 2011-2020. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Dinas Pariwisata Kota Jayapura dan BAPENDA Kota Jayapura. Adapun data yang digunakan meliputi data Jumlah Obyek Wisata, Jumlah Wisatawan, Jumlah Tingkat Hunian Hotel, dan Jumlah Restoran.  Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Regresi Linear Berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan menunjukan bahwa variabel jumlah obyek wisata, variabel jumlah wisatawan dan Variabel Jumlah  Tingkat Hunian Hotel  tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Jayapura, sedangkan  Variabel Jumlah Restoran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Pendapatan Asli Kota Jayapura. Berdasarkan Uji Hipotesis diketahui bahwa Jumlah Obyek Wisata tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap PAD kota Jayapura dengan signifikan sebesar 0,856, Jumlah Wisatawan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap PAD Kota Jayapura dengan signifikan sebesar  0,089, Jumlah Tingkat Hunian Hotel tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap PAD Kota Jayapura dengan signifikan sebesar 0,658, dan Jumlah Restoran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap PAD Kota Jayapura dengan signifikan sebesar 0,013 dengan taraf signifikansi sebesar 5% (α = 0,05).Kata Kunci: Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Sektor Pariwisata
Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Indeks Harga Konsumen Dan Pengangguran Terhadap Kemiskinan Di Kota Jayapura
Authors: Bisai Charley M. , Hamadi Dorothy Iriani , Purwadi Marsi Adi
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisi pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, Indeks Harga Konsumen dan pengangguran terhadap kemiskinan di Kota Jayapura. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kuantitatif berupa time series (runtut waktu), yang terdiri dari pertumbuhan ekonomi, IHK, pengangguran dan kemiskinan dengan interval waktu 2010-2019. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi berganda dengan menggunaka program MS Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial Pertumbuhan Ekonomi berpengaruh negatif terhadap kemiskinan, Indeks Harga Konsumen berpengaruh positif terhadap kemiskinan dan pengangguran berpengaruh negatif terhadap kemiskinan. Secara simultan atau secara bersama-sama pertumbuhan ekonomi, IHK dan pengangguran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Kota Jayapura. Dalam upaya mengurangi kemiskinan di Kota Jayapura, pemerintah hendaknya membuat program pelatihan keterampilan untuk penciptaan pekerjaan dan wirausaha. Dengan adanya program tersebut diyakini menjadi salah satu strategi yang diharapkan dapat mengantisipasi sekaligus mengatasi bertambahnya angka kemiskinan setiap tahun. Kemudian Pendidikan keterampilan untuk penciptaan pekerjaaan dan kewirausahaan dapat dimaknai sebagai upaya pemberian kemampuan kepada warga yang membutuhkan berbagai keterampilan sebagai bekal untuk bekerja dan berwirausaha.Kata Kunci : Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Indeks Harga Konsumen, Pengangguran, Kemiskinan
Analisis Efektivitas Dan Efisiensi Pemungutan Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan Perdesaan Dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2) Di Kota Jayapura
Authors: Marbun Robert M. WST. , Tuankotta Wicakjati , Indahyani Rachmaeny
Published: May 2022

Dalam penelitian melihat dari tingkat efektiktivitas dari penerimaan PBB-P2, tingkat efisiensi atau biaya pungut (Biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk sebagai penunjang kegiatan dalam merealiasasikan penerimaan PBB-P2 dan melihat kebijakan yang diambil oleh badan pendapatan daerah kota jayapura di era pandemi untuk meningkatkan penerimaan PBB-P2). Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini menggunakan efektivitas dan efisisensi serta analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa prosedur pemungutan berdasarkan SOP dalam melakukan pemungutan PBB-P2 kepada Wajib Pajak (WP). Dalam Rasio Efektivitas pemungutan atau penerimaan PBB-P2 dari tahun 2014-2020 hasil presentase dari efektivitas menunjukan 90,9% sampai 191,3% dengan kriteria Efektif dan sangat efektif. Rasio Efisiensi menunjukan bahwa tingkat efisiensi dari tahun 2014-2020 menunjukan angka 2,47%-6,12% dengan kriteria sangat efisiensi. kebijakan dari pemerintah Kota Jayapura khususnya Badan Pendapatan Daerah kebijakan yang megelurkan SK tentang keringanan dan pembebasan pembayaran pajak dari 50%- 75% yang hasilnya dapat membuat Wajib Pajak (WP) agar bisa taat dalam pembayaran pajak yang khususnya Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan dan Perdesaan (PBB-P2) selama 1 tahun mulai dari bulan maret sampai akhir tahun pada bulan desember.Keywords : PBB-P2, Prosedur Pemungutan, Efeketivitas dan Efisiensi
Analisis morfotektonik wilayah Pegunungan Nipa-Nipa menggunakan metode geomorfologi kuantitatif Daerah Kota Kendari, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Zainuddin Dimas Bayu , Hasria Hasria , Asfar Suryawan
Published: May 2022

AbstrakIstilah tektonik geomorfologi atau dikenal sebagai morfotektonik adalah studi tentang bentangalam yang dihasilkan oleh kegiatan tektonik atau interaksi antara proses tektonik dan geomorfologi. Morfotektonik dipengaruhi oleh kondisi morfologi dan proses tektonik yang terjadi pada masa lalu, karena morfologi memiliki dimensi ruang dan tektonik mempunyai dimensi waktu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di daerah Pegunungan Nipa-Nipa, Kota Kendari, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian DAS bahwa daerah Pegunungan Nipa-Nipa termasuk dalam satuan morfologi struktural, dimana satuan morfologi ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas struktur yang terjadi pada daerah tersebut dan   berdasarkan analisis Non-DAS bahwa tingkat tektonik daerah Pegunungan Nipa-Nipa masuk dalam kategori tektonik rendah.Kata kunci: morfotektonik, DAS, Meluhu, Nipa-nipa, Kendari
Pengaruh Nilai Konsumsi dan Pembelian Impulsif terhadap Intensi Pembelian Virtual Item Pada Pemain Mobile Legends: Adventure
Authors: Budyastomo Avin Wimar , Dianti Hanifa Laila
Published: May 2022

The main research of this study was to determine the influence of the value of consumption and impulsive purchases against the intention of purchase of virtual items on players of Mobile Legends: Adventure. The method used in this research is quantitative correlational. The population used in this research is the player of Mobile Legends: Adventure in the server SEA (South East Asia), which amounted to 34.852 people. The results of this study show that: (1) there is positive and not significant between the value of consumption to the intention of the purchase with a correlation coefficient of -0,002 and the coefficient of the significance of 0,980; (2) there is positive and not significant between impulsive purchases against the intention of the purchase with a correlation coefficient of -0.151 and the coefficient of the significance of 0,114; (3) there is a positive and significant influence between the value of consumption to the intention of the purchase simultaneous with a coefficient of multiple correlations of 0,238.
Perspective Chapter: Decompression as a Safety Valve during Pandemic
Authors: Rawat Samir , P. Deshpande Abhijit , Boe Ole , Piotrowski Andrzej , Joshi Priya
Published: May 2022

Under circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, decompression is essential to slowly overcome the lockdown stressors as a transition period between lockdown and resuming work in a manner that is no longer going to be ‘business as usual’. Firstly, we examine what is decompression in the context of reducing overwhelming and unwanted pressure emanating from the pandemic. Secondly, we reiterate the objectives and goals of decompression. Thirdly, we list ways in which one can decompress as a suitable way of endowing us with better psychological and much needed emotional support in pandemic times. Finally, the chapter offers guidelines for future research as this aspect has not been researched much and opens up new avenues in the field of psychosocial research in civilian as well as military contexts which brings the need for psychological debriefing to the forefront. The results of psychological disaster research to foresee, reduce and soothe the psychological effects of mass disasters – in this case, the global COVID-19 pandemic, maybe reconstructive.
Analysis and Design of Miniaturized Substrate Integrated Waveguide CSRR Bandpass Filters for Wireless Communication
Authors: Muchhal Nitin , Srivastava Shweta , Elkhouly Mostafa
Published: May 2022

Microwave planar bandpass filters are indispensable in wireless communication systems in most applications. With miniaturization and limited spectrum, there is a great need for a compact, selective bandpass filter with a wide stopband performance. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) has become a potential technology for designing and developing microwave and millimeter-wave components, circuits, and systems. This chapter presents novel, compact metamaterial-based bandpass filters with improved stopbands. Several filters’ design methodology and performance are evaluated using broadside-coupled complementary split-ring resonators (BC-CSRR) and edge-coupled complementary split-ring resonators (EC-CSRR) techniques. A comprehensive method to evaluate negative permittivity and permeability for designing the proposed metamaterial structure is also described. These filters have not only compact size but also a wider upper stopband resulting from bandstop resonator characteristics.
Peroxisomal Modulation as Therapeutic Alternative for Tackling Multiple Cancers
Authors: Usmani Shazia , Wahab Shadma , Hafeez Abdul , Khatoon Shabana , Misbahul Hasan Syed
Published: May 2022

Peroxisomes are indispensably involved as a central player in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species, bile acids, ether phospholipids, very-long-chain, and branched-chain fatty acids. The three subtypes of PPARs are PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma which have been found to be instrumental in the control of cancer metabolism cascades. Any disproportionate expression of PPAR can lead to the progression of cell growth and survival in diverse types of cancers. It can be exploited both as an agonist or antagonist for utilization as a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, the multifunctional PPAR modulators have substantial promise in various types of cancer therapies. Many recent studies led to the observations that a variety of phytochemicals, including phenolics, have been implicated in anticancer effects. Plant phenolics seem to have both palliative and treatment opportunities in combating cancer which requires deep insight into the proposed mechanisms. Henceforth, this chapter highlights the role of peroxisomal subtypes as an activator or suppressor followed by its modulation through bioactive obtained from a variety of crude drugs. A discussion on various challenges restricting proper utilization has also been incorporated.
Challenges and Implementation Strategies of the Discharge Planning According to the Nurses' Experiences: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Nasiri Ahmad , Akbari Ayob , Jani Hamid
Published: May 2022

Background: Implementation of discharge care planning is one of the essential issues in the health care system. A discharge planning is successful when a patient is prepared before the discharge process, the needs are identified, and adequate education is provided. Objectives: The present study aimed to survey the nurses' experiences regarding the challenges and implementation strategies of discharge planning. Methods: We used content analysis with the Lincoln and Guba approach. We purposefully selected nurses with maximum diversity in terms of age, sex, and work experience. The data collection process was performed through using semi-structured interviews. Results: The results were divided into five main categories and 14 subcategories. The main categories included inadequate attention to the discharge planning, lack of standard and approved discharge planning, defects in organizational sub-structure, social barriers, and perceived defects of the current discharge situation. Conclusions: According to the results, a practical step can be taken to better implement the discharge planning through approving a written discharge planning, educating the staff and patients, paying attention to patient follow-up after discharge, improving the sub-structure, and considering the patient needs.
Test
Authors: Thestrup Jesper Boserup
Published: May 2022

test
Ustawa o narodzie – czy na pewno jest to ustawa przemyślana? To manifest partyjny czy ustawa parlamentarna?
Authors: Huppert Uri
Published: May 2022

The author offers an analysis of the controversial Israeli Nation-State Law of 2018 and B. Netanyahu’s involvement in its adoption. He claims that its ideas manifest Netanyahu’s desire to depart from the state-centred, social democratic, and liberal views advocated by Ben Gurion. This desire stems from his strong disagreement with Israel’s founder’s claim and belief that secularism is a guarantee that Israel does not fall into the same trap as the leaders of the bicentennial Crusades – which ultimately failed. The author of the paper makes an insightful comparison of this law with the contents of Point 13 of Thomas Woodrow Wilson’s 1918 plan – a docu-ment from exactly 100 years before, designed to shape Europe after victory in the war against Russia, Prussia, and Austria-Hungary, on whose lands an independent Polish state was to be established.
Study of Severe Adverse Events Following Immunisation in Children of Jamnagar District with Follow-up at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shah Sonal , Malde Triya , Shah Maulik , Kalyani Parth , Vyas Bhadresh
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines Adverse Effects Following Immunisation (AEFI) as a medical incident that takes place after an immunisation, causes concern, and believed to be caused by immunisation. Aim: To study the patterns of serious adverse events following immunisation among children in Jamnagar district in tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Paediatrics Department at Shree M. P. Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India along with two primary health centers, one community health centre and four private clinics of Jamnagar district. There were 26 children included in the study that lasted for one year, from April 2013 to April 2014. The numbers of adverse event reports were calculated in five age groups: 0-1 month (neonates), 1-12 months (infants), 1-3 years (toddler), 3-6 year (preschool) and 6-14 years (school going). Vaccination details had been taken from place of immunisation. The variables were assessed for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results: From the one year of events reported of AEFI, most commonly AEFI noted was due to immunisation of Pentavalent vaccine. Most serious adverse events found were swelling, pain and tenderness, redness and persistent crying. Remaining were local requiring primary support in the hospital. Conclusion: The most common age group affected was infants. Regular follow-up should be done for all participants, so that focus should be done in this population for reducing AEFI.
Utilization of an Acellular Cartilage Matrix‐Based Photocrosslinking Hydrogel for Tracheal Cartilage Regeneration and Circumferential Tracheal Repair
Authors: Sun Weiyan , Yang Yayan , Wang Long , Tang Hai , Zhang Lei , She Yunlang , Xiao Xiufeng , Hu Xuefei , Feng Qian , Chen Chang
Published: May 2022

Acellular cartilage matrix (ACM)‐based hydrogels hold promise for use in the context of tracheal cartilage regeneration owing to the ease with which they can be molded into specific shapes and their intrinsic cartilage‐specific microenvironmental properties. In this report, an acrylic anhydride‐modified ACM (Ac‐matrix) hydrogel is fabricated for utilization in the context of tracheal cartilage regeneration and circumferential tracheal repair. Hydrogels are successfully prepared with a range of Ac‐matrix concentrations (4%, 6%, and 8%) and found that mechanical strength increases with rising Ac‐matrix concentrations whereas swelling and degradation ratio values decline. These Ac‐matrix hydrogels exhibit satisfactory cytocompatibility when loaded with chondrocytes. Chondrocyte‐loaded 6% hydrogels are able to support cartilage formation both in vitro and in vivo across a range of chondrocyte densities (5, 10, 20, and 40 million chondrocytes per mL), with increasing density being conducive to more homogenous cartilage formation. A homogeneously tubular tracheal cartilage construct is additionally generated and supports circumferential tracheal reconstruction in a rabbit tracheal lesion model system, with a biological structure and function consistent with those of the native trachea. These results suggest that this Ac‐matrix hydrogel platform is well‐suited to use in the context of tracheal cartilage regeneration, thus offering the potential to support circumferential tracheal reconstruction.
Magnesium Oxide/Poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) Scaffolds Loaded with Neural Morphogens Promote Spinal Cord Repair through Targeting the Calcium Influx and Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Xie Jile , Li Jiaying , Ma Jinjin , Li Meimei , Wang Xingran , Fu Xinya , Ma Yanxia , Yang Huilin , Li Bin , Saijilafu
Published: May 2022

Because of the limited regenerative ability of the central nervous system (CNS), effective treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI) are still lacking. After SCI, neuron loss and axon regeneration failure often result in irreversible functional impairment. The calcium overload induced by the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) overactivation is critical for cell death in SCI. It has been reported that the magnesium ion (Mg2+) can competitively block the NMDAR and reduce the calcium influx, and that sonic hedgehog (Shh) and retinoic acid (RA) are the critical regulators of neuronal differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs). Here, magnesium oxide (MgO)/poly (l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffold loaded with purmorphamine (PUR, a Shh signaling agonist) and RA is developed and its feasibility in SCI repair is tested. The results showed that the Mg2+ released from MgO attenuated cell apoptosis by blocking the calcium influx, and the PUR/RA promoted the recruitment and neuronal differentiation of endogenous NSCs, thereby reducing the glial scar formation at the SCI lesion site. Furthermore, implantation of PUR/RA‐loaded MgO/PLCL scaffold facilitates the partial recovery of a locomotor function of SCI mouse in vivo. Together, findings from this study imply that PUR/RA‐loaded MgO/PLCL scaffold may be a promising biomaterial for the clinical treatment of SCI.
NIR‐II J‐Aggregated Pt(II)‐Porphyrin‐Based Phosphorescent Probe for Tumor‐Hypoxia Imaging
Authors: Zhang Wansu , Chen Shangyu , Sun Pengfei , Ye Shuai , Fan Quli , Song Jun , Zeng Pengju , Qu Junle , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: May 2022

The luminescence of traditional phosphorescence‐based hypoxia probes is limited to the visible and first near‐infrared wavelength regions (<1000 nm), which has defects of higher light scattering and lower penetration depth in contrast with the second near‐infrared wavelength window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) for optical bioimaging. Herein, 5,15‐bis(2,6‐bis(dodecyloxy)phenyl)‐porphyrin platinum(II) (PpyPt) with J‐aggregation induced NIR‐II phosphorescence is reported. J‐aggregates of PpyPt are confirmed by the X‐ray diffraction data in the crystalline state. Moreover, the emission and excitation spectra of PpyPt in the solid states reveal NIR‐II luminescence feature of PpyPt in J‐aggregates. More importantly, by preparation of water‐soluble PpyPt nanoparticles (PpyPt NPs4.76) with J‐aggregates, it has NIR‐II phosphorescent lifetime of microseconds and good oxygen‐sensitivity in water. Moreover, the good biological hypoxia‐sensing potential of PpyPt NPs4.76 is demonstrated in cells and 4T1‐tumor‐bearing mice. This study provides an efficient strategy to design NIR‐II phosphorescent probe for sensitive tumor‐hypoxia detection through the construction of J‐aggregates.
Strategic Applications of the β‐Silicon Effect
Authors: Roberts Dean D. , McLaughlin Mark G.
Published: May 2022

Organosilicon reagents are highly versatile and privileged scaffolds in modern synthetic chemistry, largely due to the range of transformations the groups are amenable to. The β‐Silicon effect is one of the fundamental phenomena underpinning the inherent reactivity of organosilicon reagents, allowing unsaturated organosilanes to undergo a range of electrophilic substitutions with a variety of nucleophiles. The application of the β‐Silicon effect in a range of organic transformations is reviewed with the discussion divided up based on the class of silane. The reactivity of these compounds towards carbon, heteroatom and metallic electrophiles is discussed from classical applications such as the Sakurai allylation to contemporary applications such as cross‐coupling chemistry. In addition, examples of these transformations in the context of methodology development and natural product synthesis are provided.

magnified image
Backswimmer‐Inspired Miniature 3D‐Printed Robot with Buoyancy Autoregulation through Controlled Nucleation and Release of Microbubbles
Authors: Kobo Dror , Pinchasik Bat-El
Published: May 2022

The backswimmer is an aquatic insect, capable of regulating its buoyancy underwater. When it enters the water, it entraps an air bubble in a superhydrophobic hairy structure covering its abdomen. While this bubble is mainly used for respiration, it also functions as an external inflatable gas reservoir for buoyancy regulation. Namely, hemoglobin is used to store and release oxygen to the entrapped bubble, reversibly. This way, it can reach neutral buoyancy without further energy consumption. Herein, a small, centimeter‐scale, backswimmer‐inspired untethered robot (BackBot) with autobuoyancy regulation through controlled nucleation and release of microbubbles is developed. The bubbles nucleate and grow directly on onboard electrodes through electrolysis, regulated by low voltage. A bubble‐entrapping 3D‐printed canopy is introduced to create a stable external gas reservoir. To reduce buoyancy forces, the bubbles are released through linear mechanical vibrations of the canopy, decoupled from the robot's body. Through pressure sensing and a proportional integral derivative control loop mechanism, the robot autoregulates its buoyancy to reach neutral floatation underwater within seconds. This mechanism can promote the replacement of traditional, and physically larger, buoyancy regulation systems such as pistons and pressurized tanks, and enables the miniaturization of autonomous underwater vehicles.
Photoactive N‐heterocyclic carbene transition metal complexes in bond‐forming photocatalysis: State‐of‐the‐art and opportunities
Authors: Poland Eve M. , Ho Curtis C.
Published: May 2022

This Minireview presents and discusses recent developments in photoactive/photoluminescent N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) transition metal complexes and their viability as catalysts in bond‐forming photocatalysis. Specifically, we summarise key structural motifs adopted by photoactive NHC transition metal complexes and highlight some of their photophysical properties. Representative examples of their applications as catalysts in bond‐forming photochemical reactions are also showcased presenting the state‐of‐the‐art and future opportunities for this exciting class of NHC transition metal complexes.
Ash deposition and heat transfer characteristics on the convective heating surface of calcium‐rich Zhundong coal combustion in a 0.4‐MWth facility
Authors: He Xiang , Jin Jing , Yang Haoran , Lv Weizhi , Ma Dafu , Shi Hongfei , Chen Duanyu
Published: May 2022

Thermal power plants in Zhundong area of Xinjiang equip Π‐typed boiler widely in recent years. With the increasing ratio of Zhundong coal in blended fuels, the slagging is strengthened. And the boiler shutdown was caused by ash deposition on the convective heating surface frequently. In order to study the mechanism of this problem, a 0.4‐MWth pilot‐scale facility was built and expected to study ash deposition and heat transfer characteristics on the convective heating surface of 100% burning calcium‐rich Zhundong coal. Thermodynamic model calculation was implemented on the heat transfer characteristics of two groups of tube panels, on which ash samples were collected after experiments. Then, simulation calculation was applied by software for verification. The ash samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray detector (EDX). FactSage 7.3 thermochemical software package and a high‐temperature viscometer were also used to figure out the viscosity‐temperature characteristics. Results showed that a “step change” of heat transfer characteristics occurred when the flue gas temperature of inlet tube panel #2 approached to 1000°C. After the “step change,” the heat transfer characteristics became stable. The ash deposition mainly consisted of silicon‐calcium compounds of tube panel #1, while in contrast, that of tube panel #2 consisted of gehlenite, CaSO4, and Na2SO4. The ratio of liquid phase in raw coal ash samples increased sharply when the flue gas temperature exceeded 1030°C. With the increase of surface temperature of fouling tube panel, the CaSO4 would be decomposed to release CaO, which reacted with gehlenite or other compounds to form low temperature eutectics. The fouling of ash would transfer to slagging and lead to the deterioration of ash deposition, which induced the formation of “step change” during the experiment.
Developmental profiles of children at risk for autism spectrum disorder at school entry
Authors: Ip Angie , Poon Brenda T. , Hanley Gillian , Guhn Martin , Oberlander Tim F.
Published: May 2022

Functional abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are highly heterogenous, and impairments can overlap with non‐ASD neurodevelopmental disorders. We compared the profiles of children assessed for ASD with and without an ASD diagnosis using a retrospective cohort study of 101,739 children born in British Columbia (2000–2008). The children were grouped into the following five comparison groups: (1) ASD− (n = 1131), (2) ASD+ (n = 1583), (3) Ministry of Education designated ASD+ (n = 654), (4) special need other than ASD (n = 11,663), and (5) typically developing (n = 86,708). Five developmental domains were assessed using the Early Development Instrument. ANCOVA was used to control for covariates, Tukey's HSD test for multiple comparisons, and Cohen's d for effect size. The ASD− group had slightly higher scores than the ASD+ group with small to medium effect sizes in all domains (d = 0.20–0.48). The ASD− group had slightly higher scores than the Ministry of Education ASD+ group in only three domains with small effect sizes (d = 0.21–0.25). The ASD− group had lower scores in all domains compared to the typically developing group with large effect sizes in all domains (d = 1.12–1.77). The ASD− group received less education funding at school entry than both ASD+ groups. Overall, only small to medium differences in development were detected between the ASD− and ASD+ groups. While these children differ diagnostically, they share similar functional profiles and have substantially more difficulties than typically developing children. Therefore, differences in levels of support at school entry raise critical questions of equity.

Lay Summary

Comparison of children in British Columbia who have been referred for an autism assessment, with or without a diagnosis, shows similarities in their functional and developmental profiles in kindergarten. Furthermore, both groups of children have more difficulties than typically developing children. However, children who have been referred for assessment without an autism diagnosis receive less financial support at school entry, raising important questions on equity.
The integrated stress response in the induction of mutant KRAS lung carcinogenesis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications
Authors: Koromilas Antonis E.
Published: May 2022

The integrated stress response (ISR) is a key determinant of tumorigenesis in response to oncogenic forms of stress like genotoxic, proteotoxic and metabolic stress. ISR relies on the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2 to promote the translational and transcriptional reprogramming of gene expression in stressed cells. While ISR promotes tumor survival under stress, its hyperactivation above a level of tolerance can also cause tumor death. The tumorigenic function of ISR has been recently demonstrated for lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) with KRAS mutations. ISR mediates the translational repression of the dual‐specificity phosphatase DUSP6 to stimulate ERK activity and LUAD growth. The significance of this finding is highlighted by the strong anti‐tumor responses of ISR inhibitors in pre‐clinical LUAD models. Elucidation of the mechanisms of ISR action in LUAD progression via cell‐autonomous and immune regulatory mechanisms will provide a better understanding of its tumorigenic role to fully exploit its therapeutic potential in the treatment of a deadly form of cancer.
Validation and scalability of homemade polycaprolactone macrobeads grafted with thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) for mesenchymal stem cell expansion and harvesting
Authors: Nguyen Linh T. B. , Baudequin Timothée , Cui Zhanfeng , Ye Hua
Published: May 2022

In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) macrobeads were prepared by an oil‐in‐water (o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation method with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as an emulsifier and conjugated to poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) to be used as cell carriers with noninvasive cell detachment properties (thermo‐response). Following previous studies with PCL‐PNIPAAm carriers, our objectives were to confirm the successful conjugation on homemade macrobeads and to show the advantages of homemade production over commercial beads to control morphological, biological, and fluidization properties. The effects of PCL concentration on the droplet formation and of flow rate and PVA concentration on the size of the beads were demonstrated. The size of the beads, all spherical, ranged from 0.5 to 3.7 mm with four bead categories based on production parameters. The morphology and size of the beads were observed by scanning electron microscopy to show surface roughness enhancing cell attachment and proliferation compared to commercial beads. The functionalization steps with PNIPAAm were then characterized and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersion spectroscopy. PNIPAAm‐grafted macrobeads allowed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to spread and grow for up to 21 days. By reducing the temperature to 25°C, the MSCs were successfully detached from the PCL‐PNIPAAm beads as observed with fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, we validated the scalability potential of both macrobeads production and conjugation with PCL, to produce easily kilograms of thermo‐responsive macrocarriers in a lab environment. This could help moving such approaches towards clinically and industrially relevant processes were cell expansion is needed at very large scale.
Negative correlation between IL‐1β, IL‐12 and TNF‐γ, and cortisol levels in patients with panic disorder
Authors: Fernández‐Serrano Ana Belén , Moya‐Faz Francisco José , Giner Alegría Cesar Augusto , Fernández Rodríguez Juan Carlos
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Chronic exposure to stress is a major risk factor in anxiety disorders (ADs) and can be accompanied by an altered microbiome–gut–brain axis and a compromised immune system. In recent years, the study of inflammatory processes in AD has gained special attention. Continued stress causes the reactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, the alteration of the intestinal microbiota and the consequent release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, affecting the sensitivity to stress and the similar behavior of anxiety.

Method

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interrelationships between measures of proinflammatory cytokines and cortisol in patients with panic disorder (PD).

Results

The main results of the correlation analysis revealed that the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐12, and tumor necrosis factor gamma were negatively correlated with cortisol scores (area under the curve with respect to the ground).

Conclusions

These results suggest that the inflammatory response is associated with the reactivity of the HPA axis in patients with PD and may influence the maintenance of anxiety behavior.
Design and Synthesis of 6‐O‐Phosphorylated Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides to Inhibit Amyloid β Aggregation
Authors: Uchimura Kenji , Nishitsuji Kazuchika , Chiu Li‐Ting , Ohgita Takashi , Saito Hiroyuki , Allain Fabrice , Gannedi Veeranjaneyulu , Wong Chi‐Huey , Hung Shang‐Cheng
Published: May 2022

Dysregulation of amyloidogenic proteins and their abnormal processing and deposition in tissues cause systemic and localized amyloidosis. Formation of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils that deposit as amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains is an earliest pathological hallmark. The polysulfated heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP) is one of the non‐protein components of Aβ deposits that not only modulates Aβ aggregation, but also acts as a receptor for Aβ fibrils to mediate their cytotoxicity. Interfering with the interaction between HS/HP and Aβ could be a therapeutic strategy to arrest amyloidosis. Here we have synthesized the 6‐O‐phosphorylated HS/HP oligosaccharides and reported their competitive effects on the inhibition of HP‐mediated Aβ fibril formation in vitro using a thioflavin T fluorescence assay and a tapping mode atomic force microscopy.
Free‐wall perforation of the left ventricle after acute myocardial infarction complicated with pericardial tamponade that mimicked ascending aortic dissection: A case report
Authors: Sugiyama Kayo , Tanabe Subaru , Watanuki Hirotaka , Tochii Masato , Futamura Yasuhiro , Makino Satoshi , Matsuyama Katsuhiko
Published: May 2022

Life‐threatening cardiac events may be misdiagnosed as acute aortic dissection because of notable symptom mimicry. We report the case of a 72‐year‐old male patient with presentations presumed to be of aortic origin. However, surgery revealed posterior free‐wall perforation in the left ventricle caused by the occlusion of an obtuse marginal branch.
Lateral luxation: Is root resorption an unavoidable complication?
Authors: Kallel Ines , Lagha Malek , Moussaoui Eya , Douki Nabiha
Published: May 2022

Lateral luxation is defined as a traumatic displacement of a tooth in any direction other than axially. A laterally luxated tooth is often immobile because of its bony lock. It produces a high metallic sound during percussion. Pulp sensibility testing is likely to be negative during the initial follow‐up. However, the tooth should be monitored until a definitive pulp diagnosis is made. Treatment includes local anesthesia, suturing soft tissue injuries, manual repositioning of the luxated tooth, and stabilization with a flexible splint for 4 weeks. Given the risk of pulp necrosis following lateral luxation, particularly in teeth with radiographically closed apices and severe displacement, an immediate (prophylactic) root canal treatment is recommended. The objective of this work was to report and discuss the management of a case of lateral luxation involving a permanent tooth treated by reduction, followed by contention with 0.4 steel wire and composite resin, and endodontic treatment, and which was complicated by root resorption 3 months later. We also highlighted the possible complications following lateral luxation, especially root resorption.
Synthesis of Layered Double Hydroxides and TiO2 Supported Metal Nanoparticles for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Koyejo Adefunke O. , Kesavan Lokesh , Damlin Pia , Salomäki Mikko , Kvarnström Carita
Published: May 2022

In the present work, solution‐phase synthesis was employed to prepare two sets of catalysts with different transition metals as active sites. One set contained Au or Pd supported on TiO2 (Au−TiO2, Pd−TiO2), whereas the other set contained layered double hydroxides (NiFe‐LDH and CuFe‐LDH). The electrocatalytic performance of these composite materials was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using a model compound 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP). Composite materials were characterized by various analytical techniques to gain insight into the catalysts active sites. The morphology and structure of the prepared samples were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission scanning electron microscope, and field emission scanning electron microscope. Metal nanoparticles loading on TiO2 was measured by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry. CV measurements were performed in acetonitrile solution containing 0.1 m tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) and 1 mm 4‐NP. Among all dioxides (Au−TiO2, Pd−TiO2) and hydroxides (NiFe‐LDH and CuFe‐LDH) studied, Pd−TiO2 shows the lowest onset potential (−0.32 V vs. Ag/AgCl) for the electrocatalytic reduction of 4‐NP. This is the first comparative study of such materials for 4‐NP electrocatalysis in aprotic solvent, thus demonstrating the suitability of dioxide and hydroxide based materials as electrocatalysts.
Time and Atom Economical Regio‐ and Chemoselective Radical Cyclization of Unactivated 1,6‐Enynes Under Metal‐ and Oxidant‐Free Conditions
Authors: Mutra Mohana Reddy , Li Jing , Chen Yu‐Ting , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: May 2022

We developed time‐atom economic regio‐ and chemoselective sulfonyl radical triggered 5‐exo‐dig cyclization of unactivated 1,6‐enynes with sulfonyl halides under metal, additive‐free reaction conditions to achieve highly substituted five‐membered heterocyclic compounds. This transformation creates three new bonds, such as C−SO2, C−C, and active C−I/Br bonds. Importantly, one‐pot protocols produce desired products directly from sodium sulfinates and have an additional advantage such as minimising chemical waste, saving time, and simplifying practical aspects compared to existing protocols.
Asymmetric 1,2‐Carbamoyl Rearrangement of Lithiated Chiral Oxazolidine Carbamates and Diastereoselective Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy Amides
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Basu Amartyo J. , Hsu Che‐Sheng , Yadav Monika
Published: May 2022

Asymmetric 1,2‐carbamoyl rearrangement of lithiated 2‐alkenyl carbamates has been investigated. Deprotonation of chiral 2‐alkenyl oxazolidine carbamates with sec‐butyllithium in ether at −78 °C followed by warming of the resulting 1‐lithio‐2‐alkenyl derivatives to room temperature resulted in 1,2‐carbamoyl rearrangement to provide α‐hydroxy amides. The rearrangement proceeded with excellent diastereoselectivity and in good to excellent isolated yield of the α‐hydroxy amide derivatives. The substrate scope of the reaction was investigated with a variety of 2‐alkenyl and benzyl oxazolidine carbamates. A stereochemical model is provided to explain the stereochemical outcome associated with the rearrangement. Acid‐catalyzed removal of the chiral oxazolidine afforded α‐hydroxy acid in high optical purity.
Donor Acceptor Complexes between the Chalcogen Fluorides SF2, SeF2, SeF4and TeF4and an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene
Authors: Komorr Pascal , Olaru Marian , Hupf Emanuel , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens
Published: May 2022

The majority of binary chalcogen fluorides are fiercely reactive and extremely difficult to handle. Here, we show that access to crystalline donor‐acceptor complexes between chalcogen difluorides (sulfur, selenium) and tetrafluorides (selenium, tellurium) with the N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene (IPr) is possible conveniently and safely without the need to generate the highly unstable EF2(E=S, Se) or the very toxic and corrosive SeF4.
University experiments on the absorption spectroelectrochemistry and the surface‐enhanced Raman effect of methylviogen on a gold electrode
Authors: Habekost Achim
Published: May 2022

Redoxreaktionen auf Goldsiebdruckelektroden (SPE) können elektrochemisch mit zyklischer Voltammetrie (Cyclovoltammetrie, CV) und spektroskopisch mit der optischen und der Ramanspektroskopie gemessen werden. Die Kombination aus CV und optischer oder Raman Spektroskopie, die sog. Absorpto‐ oder Ramanvoltammetrie, bietet neben elektrochemischen Informationen über Redoxreaktionen an Elektroden auch Informationen über die Änderung der optischen und Schwingungseigenschaften der beteiligten Stoffe. Der didaktische Hintergrund der Arbeit ist die Hypothese, dass die Kombination der beiden unterschiedlichen Gebiete der physikalischen Chemie dazu beitragen kann, Elektrodenreaktionen besser zu verstehen. Die Ramanspektroskopie ist eine leistungsfähige Technik zum Nachweis von sehr geringen Konzentrationen des Analyten auf Elektroden (im Bereich von Picomol), wenn diese durch elektrochemische Maßnahmen oder durch Verwendung von entsprechenden Nanoteilchen modifiziert werden. Eine einfache elektrochemische in‐situ Modifikation führt zum oberflächenverstärkten Ramaneffekt (EC‐SERS). Damit können chemische Reaktionen anhand der Änderung von Schwingungszuständen charakterisiert werden, ohne die manchmal langwierige Herstellung von Metall‐Nanopartikeln als Substrat für SERS.
Automated Search For The Low‐Lying Energy Isomers of Rhamnolipids and Related Organometallic Complexes**
Authors: Dobler Leticia , Oliveira Ricardo R.
Published: May 2022

Rhamnolipids (RMLs) are a widely studied biosurfactant due to their high biodegradability and environmentally friendly production. However, the knowledge of the structure‐property relationship of RMLs is imperative for the design of highly efficient applications. Aiming to a better understanding of it at a molecular level, we performed an automated search for low energy structures of the most abundant RMLs, namely, Rha‐C10, Rha‐C10‐C10, Rha‐Rha‐C10 and Rha‐Rha‐C10‐C10 and their respective C2‐congeners. Besides that, selected neutral metal complexes were also considered. We found that several low‐energy congeners have internal hydrogen bonds. Moreover, geometries in “closed” conformation were always more stable than “open” ones. Finally, the energy diferences between open and closed conformations of K+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ complexes were found to be 23.5 kcal mol−1, 62.8 kcal mol−1, 24.3 kcal mol−1 and 41.6 kcal mol−1, respectively, indicating a huge structural reorganization after the complex formation.
Molecular Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping in Human Complex Diseases
Authors: Olayinka Oluwatosin A. , O'Neill Nicholas K. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Wang Gao , Zhang Xiaoling
Published: May 2022

Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for molecular traits from chromatin to metabolites (i.e., xQTLs) provides insight into the locations and effect modes of genetic variants that influence these molecular phenotypes and the propagation of functional consequences of each variant. xQTL studies indirectly interrogate the functional landscape of the molecular basis of complex diseases, including the impact of non‐coding regulatory variants, the tissue specificity of regulatory elements, and their contribution to disease by integrating with genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). We summarize a variety of molecular xQTL studies in human tissues and cells. In addition, using the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) as an example, we describe the ADSP xQTL project, a collaborative effort across the ADSP Functional Genomics Consortium (ADSP‐FGC). The project's ultimate goal is a reference map of Alzheimer's‐related QTLs using existing datasets from multiple omics layers to help us study the consequences of genetic variants identified in the ADSP. xQTL studies enable the identification of the causal genes and pathways in GWAS loci, which will likely aid in the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for complex diseases. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.