bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microenergy acoustic pulses promotes muscle regeneration through in situ activation of muscle stem cells
Authors: Zhang He , Kim Hubert T. , Feeley Brian T. , Lin Guiting , Lue Tom F. , Liu Mengyao , Banie Lia , Liu Xuhui
Published: October 2021

Microenergy acoustic pulses (MAP) is a modified low‐intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy that currently used for treating musculoskeletal disorders. However, its function on muscle regeneration after ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect of MAP on muscle injury after IRI and its underlying mechanisms. Ten‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice underwent unilateral hindlimb IRI followed with or without MAP treatment. Wet weight of tibialis anterior muscles at both injury and contralateral sides were measured followed with histology analysis at 3 weeks after IRI. In in vitro study, the myoblasts, endothelial cells and fibro‐adipogenic progenitors (FAP) were treated with MAP. Cell proliferation and differentiation were assessed, and related gene expressions were measured by real‐time PCR. Our results showed that MAP significantly increased the muscle weight and centrally nucleated regenerating muscle fiber size along with a trend in activating satellite cells. In vitro data indicated that MAP promoted myoblast proliferation and differentiation and endothelial cells migration. MAP also induced FAP brown/beige adipogenesis, a promyogenic phenotype of FAPs. Our findings demonstrate the beneficial function of MAP in promoting muscle regeneration after IR injury by inducing muscle stem cells proliferation and differentiation.
Investigation of Rheological and Wettability Behavior of Hex‐BN Nanofluids
Authors: Thapliyal Prashant , Kumar Ajay , Thakre Gananath D.
Published: October 2021

Conservation of energy has become a need of the hour, as a substantial amount of energy is wasted in maintaining machines. The rheological and wettability behavior of lubricants plays an instrumental role in enhancing machine life. Nano additives have shown encouraging results in this regard, though there are so many challenges that need to be addressed. The flow behavior of lubricants largely depends on the rheological and wetting behavior of lubricants. The rheological properties include shear stress, shear rate, viscosity, and viscoelastic behavior of oils. Similarly, the wettability properties include the contact angle of the oils. Both of these properties influence the tribological performance in the end. In the present study, the rheological and wettability behavior of hexagonal boron nitride (Hex‐BN) nanofluids is presented. The study has been carried out on two commercially available blended synthetic engine oils of the same grades. The oils are blended with 0.1% and 0.2% weight by weight of well‐dispersed Hex‐BN nanoparticles. The study reveals that tested Hex‐BN nanofluids behaved as non‐Newtonian lubricants with shear thinning behavior at all tested temperatures and exhibited viscoelastic behavior at lower shear rates. On blending oils with 0.2% Hex‐BN, contact angle has shown increment across the board for all surfaces. It indicates that Hex‐BN binds better with the lubricants’ molecules, hence increasing the force of cohesion. Furthermore, it is a sign of better dispersion of Hex‐BN nanoparticles in the given lubricants.
Structural and Surface Morphological Study of rGO/Polystyrene Composites
Authors: Srivastava Nisha , Jain Ankur , Sharma K. B. , Tripathi Balram
Published: October 2021

rGO/Polystyrene composites are prepared via sonication and casting method. In sonication, a mixture of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polystyrene (PS) is mixed together for composite fabrication. The sonication is used to enhance the dispersion of rGO within PS matrix. The XRD spectra show structure of the fabricated composite, Raman spectra confirms orientation of rGO in composites, and SEM results indicate surface morphology of the composites. It has been observed that composites fabricated show a better morphology and dispersion with enhanced stability for hybrid systems like electrodes, batteries, and thermal interface materials.
Analyzing multiple pricing decisions for substitutes under stochastic demand: An experiment
Authors: Ayvaz‐Çavdaroğlu Nur , Büyükboyacı Mürüvvet
Published: October 2021

This study investigates how individuals choose prices for two substitutes under stochastic demand in an airline setting. We design two treatments: “symmetrical” and “asymmetrical,” meaning the demand distribution of the two flights having the same size of support or not. Several insights are obtained. First, the decision makers' price choices are closer to the theoretical benchmarks in the symmetrical setting. Next, the subjects do not want to overprice and fly with empty seats, exhibiting “loss aversion with reference point.” Finally, the subjects often treat the flights as independent rather than interrelated and price them separately, using an anchoring‐and‐adjusting heuristic.
Does the national risk of overseas investment affect the strategic innovation behavior of enterprises? Evidence from China
Authors: Peng Cheng , Jiang Hui , Zhang Tianyi
Published: October 2021

From the micro‐perspective of enterprises, this paper makes an empirical analysis on how the national risk of overseas investment affects the strategic innovation behavior of enterprises by using the samples of A‐share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2019 and emphatically tests the mechanism of the national risk of overseas investment on the strategic innovation behavior of enterprises through government subsidy and media attention. It is found that, on the whole, the national risk of overseas investment will promote the strategic innovation behavior of enterprises. In terms of mechanism, the national risk of overseas investment promotes the strategic innovation behavior of enterprises by increasing the access to government subsidy, while the mediating effect of the media attention to the national risk of overseas investment on the strategic innovation behavior of enterprises is the masking effect; that is, the national risk of overseas investment inhibits strategic innovation behavior of enterprises by increasing media attention, and this indirect inhibition weakens the direct promotion of the national risk of overseas investment to strategic innovation behavior of enterprises.
Different mutations in the MMUT gene are associated with the effect of vitamin B12 in a cohort of 266 Chinese patients with mut‐type methylmalonic acidemia: A retrospective study
Authors: Yu Yue , Shuai Ruixue , Liang Lili , Qiu Wenjuan , Shen Linghua , Wu Shengnan , Wei Haiyan , Chen Yongxing , Yang Chiju , Xu Peng , Chen Xigui , Zou Hui , Feng Jizhen , Niu Tingting , Hu Haili , Ye Jun , Zhang Huiwen , Lu Deyun , Gong Zhuwen , Zhan Xia , Ji Wenjun , Gu Xuefan , Han Lianshu
Published: October 2021

Background

To summarize the relationship between different MMUT gene mutations and the response to vitamin B12 in MMA.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with mut‐type MMA. All patients with mut‐type MMA were tested for responsiveness to vitamin B12.

Results

There were 81, 27, and 158 patients in the completely responsive, partially responsive, and nonresponsive groups, respectively, and the proportions of symptom occurrence were 30/81 (37.0%), 21/27 (77.8%), and 131/158 (82.9%), respectively (p < .001). The median levels of posttreatment propionyl carnitine (C3), C3/acetyl carnitine (C2) ratio in the blood, and methylmalonic acid in the urine were all lower than pretreatment, and the median level of C3/C2 ratio in the completely responsive group was within the normal range. In 266 patients, 144 different mutations in the MMUT gene were identified. Patients with the mutations of c.1663G>A, c.2080C>T, c.1880A>G, c.1208G>A, etc. were completely responsive and with the mutations of c.1741C>T, c.1630_1631GG>TA, c.599T>C, etc. were partially responsive. The proportions of healthy/developmental delay outcomes in the three groups were 63.0%/23.5%, 33.3%/40.7%, and 13.3%/60.1%, respectively (p < .001).

Conclusion

Different mutations in the MMUT gene are associated with the effect of vitamin B12 treatment.
Poll highlights workforce, service challenges providers face amid COVID‐19
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2021

As demand for mental health and substance use treatment continues to grow amid COVID‐19, providers are faced with numerous hurdles to address staffing and service access challenges. Organizations offering mental health treatment, crisis services, social support services and youth services say demand for these services has increased over the last three months, according to a new poll released earlier this month by the National Council for Mental Wellbeing (NCMW).
Federal lawsuit says Aetna violated parity in denying residential care
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: October 2021

Insurance giant Aetna violated the federal parity law and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) when it denied coverage for the residential treatment stay of a California teenager with autism, alleges a class‐action complaint filed last month in U.S. District Court. The lawsuit states that Aetna routinely applies internally derived standards for residential treatment that it does not require of comparable residential providers in general health care.
White paper on MH well‐being backs ‘bold’ national strategy
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2021

Boldly proclaiming to Congress that it's time to redesign the U.S. mental and behavioral health system, Senate lawmakers last month released a white paper outlining a national strategy to integrate mental health care, enhance delivery within local communities and improve how federal funds and other resources are planned for and allocated to increase the nation's investment through better mental and behavioral health outcomes.
General stability result for a porous thermoelastic system with infinite history and microtemperatures effects
Authors: Khochemane Houssem Eddine
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we consider a one‐dimensional porous thermoelastic system with microtemperatures effects and past history term acting only on the porous equation. We show that the system is well‐posed in the sens of semigroup and based on the energy method we establish a general decay result for the solutions of the system under an appropriate assumptions on the kernel. Furthermore, our result does not depend on any relationship between the coefficients of the system. The result of this paper improves some results in the literature.
Haematococcus Pluvialis Extends Yeast Lifespan and Improves Slc25a46 Gene Knockout‐Associated Mice Phenotypic Defects
Authors: Wang Min , Xu Piao , Liao Linfeng , Gao Li , Amakye William Kwame , Zhang Ying , Yao Maojin , Ren Jiaoyan
Published: October 2021

Scope

Aging has become one of major concern worldwide. It is therefore of great significance in finding food resources as therapeutic candidates for aging‐related functional decline improvement and prevention. This study aimed to define the potency of Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) as an anti‐aging food resource.

Methods and Results

Yeast is used to explore the anti‐aging effects of H. pluvialis. The result showed that H. pluvialis extract could effectively extend yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, promoting mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels and accumulating storage carbohydrate (glycogen). Subsequently, Slc25a46 knockout (Slc25a46‐/‐) mice with mitochondrial dysfunction are fed with 100 mg kg−1 H. pluvialis extracts for 10 days. The in vivo data demonstrated that H. pluvialis extract could effectively improve the phenotypic deficits, including underweight, muscle weakness, redox imbalance, and mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction, etc., in Slc25a46‐/‐ mice.

Conclusions

This work highlights that the mitochondria may be a potential therapeutic target for combating aging, and demonstrated that H. pluvialis, as a dietary supplement, may potentially be an effective preventive substance that may contribute to the promotion of healthy aging.
Are isoforms of capacitating Na+K+‐ATPase localized to sperm head rafts?
Authors: Sajeevadathan Mrudhula , Pettitt Murray J. , Buhr Mary M.
Published: October 2021

Capacitation begins in the sperm head plasma membrane (HPM). Membrane rafts could house signaling molecules, but although these specialized microdomains have been microscopically visualized in sperm heads, rafts have been isolated for study only from homogenized whole sperm or tails, never purified HPM. Sodium/potassium ATPase (Na+K+‐ATPase) is a membrane‐bound signaling protein that induces capacitation in bull sperm in response to the steroid hormone ouabain, and its subunit isoforms α1, α3, β1, β2, and β3 are known in HPM. This study hypothesized that rafts exist in the HPM of bull sperm, with Na+K+‐ATPase subunit isoforms preferentially localized there. Western immunoblotting (WB) of HPM from fresh, uncapacitated bull sperm (n = 7 ejaculates), and detergent‐resistant membranes isolated by density gradient centrifugation from this HPM, contained the raft‐marker protein Flotillin‐1; the non‐raft fraction did not. HPM, raft, and non‐raft contained all known Na+K+‐ATPase isoforms including, for the first time, the previously unknown α2 isoform. Quantification (ImageQuant Software) found α3 and β1 were relatively dominant isoforms in the HPM raft. WB profiles of raft isoforms differed significantly from HPM and non‐raft profiles, with unique banding patterns and amounts, hinting that the capacitation signaling in the now‐identified HPM rafts may depend on unique sequences within the isoform structure.
Optimization of spectrally selective 180° radiofrequency pulse timings in J‐difference editing (MEGA) of lactate
Authors: Ganji Sandeep K. , An Zhongxu , Tiwari Vivek , Chang Yongmin , Patel Toral R. , Maher Elizabeth A. , Choi Changho
Published: October 2021

Purpose

J‐Difference editing (MEGA) provides an effective spectroscopic means of selectively measuring low‐concentration metabolites having weakly coupled spins. The fractional inphase and antiphase coherences are determined by the radiofrequency (RF) pulses and inter‐RF pulse intervals of the sequence. We examined the timings of the spectrally selective editing 180° pulses (E180) in MEGA‐PRESS to maximize the edited signal amplitude in lactate at 3T.

Methods

The time evolution of the lactate spin coherences was analytically and numerically calculated for non‐volume localized and single‐voxel localized MEGA sequences. Single‐voxel localized MEGA‐PRESS simulations and phantom experiments were conducted for echo time (TE) 60–160 ms and for all possible integer‐millisecond timings of the E180 pulses. Optimized E180 timings of 144, 103, and 109 ms TEs, tailored with simulation and phantom data, were tested in brain tumor patients in vivo. Lactate signals, broadened to singlet linewidths (~6 Hz), were compared between simulation, phantom, and in vivo data.

Results

Theoretical and experimental data indicated consistently that the MEGA‐edited signal amplitude and width are sensitive to the E180 timings. In volume‐localized MEGA, the lactate peak amplitudes in E180‐on and difference spectra were maximized at specific E180 timings for individual TEs, largely due to the chemical‐shift displacement effects. The E180 timings for maximum lactate peak amplitude were different from those of maximum inphase coherence in in vivo linewidth situations.

Conclusion

In in vivo MEGA editing, the E180 pulse timings can be effectively used for manipulating the inphase and antiphase coherences and increasing the edited signal amplitude, following TE optimization.
Residual quadrupolar couplings observed in 7 Tesla deuterium MR spectra of skeletal muscle
Authors: Gursan Ayhan , Froeling Martijn , Hendriks Arjan D. , Welting Dimitri , Kentgens Arno P. M. , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Prompers Jeanine J.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Deuterium metabolic imaging could potentially be used to investigate metabolism in skeletal muscle noninvasively. However, skeletal muscle is a tissue with a high degree of spatial organization. In this study, we investigated the effect of incomplete motional averaging on the naturally abundant deuterated water signal in 7 Tesla deuterium spectra of the lower leg muscles and the dependence on the angle between the muscle fibers and the main magnetic field B0, as determined by DTI.

Methods

Natural abundance deuterium MRSI measurements of the right lower leg muscles were performed at 7 Tesla. Three subjects were scanned in a supine position, with the right leg parallel with the B0 field. One subject was scanned twice; during the second scan, the subject was laying on his right side and the right knee was bent such that the angle between the right lower leg and B0 was approximately 45°. DTI was performed in the same subjects in the same positions at 3 Tesla to determine muscle fiber angles.

Results

We observed splittings in the natural abundance deuterated water signal. The size of the splittings varied between different muscles in the lower leg but were mostly similar among subjects for each muscle. The splittings depended on the orientation of the muscle fibers with respect to the main magnetic field B0.

Conclusion

Partial molecular alignment in skeletal muscle leads to residual deuteron quadrupolar couplings in deuterated water, the size of which depends on the angle between the muscle fibers and B0.
Association of risk of malnutrition with adverse outcomes and early support on discharge in acute stroke patients without prestroke disability: A multicenter, registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Fluck David , Fry Christopher H. , Gulli Giosue , Affley Brendan , Robin Jonathan , Kakar Puneet , Sharma Pankaj , Han Thang S.
Published: October 2021

Background

Malnutrition in hospitals remains highly prevalent. As part of quality improvement initiatives, the Royal College of Physicians recommends nutrition screening for all patients admitted with acute stroke. We aimed to examine the associations of patients at risk of malnutrition with poststroke outcomes.

Methods

We analyzed prospectively collected data from four hyperacute stroke units (HASUs) (2014–2016). Nutrition status was screened in 2962 acute stroke patients without prestroke disability (1515 men, [mean ± SD] 73.5 years ± 13.1; 1447 women, 79.2 ± 13.0 years). The risk of malnutrition was tested against stroke outcomes and adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities.

Results

Risk of malnutrition was identified in 25.8% of patients). Compared with well‐nourished patients, those at risk of malnutrition had, within 7 days of admission, increased risk of stay on the HASU of >14 days (odds ratio [OR]: 9.9 [7.3–11.5]), disability on discharge (OR: 8.1 [6.6–10.0]), worst level of consciousness in the first 7 days (score ≥ 1) (OR: 7.5 [6.1–9.3]), mortality (OR: 5.2 [4.0–6.6], pneumonia (OR: 5.1 [3.9–6.7]), and urinary tract infection (OR: 1.5 [1.1–2.0]). They also required palliative care (OR: 12.3 [8.5–17.8]), discharge to new care home (OR: 3.07 [2.18–4.3]), activities of daily living support (OR: 1.8 [1.5–2.3]), planned joint care (OR: 1.5 [1.2–1.8]), and weekly visits (OR: 1.4 [1.1–1.8]).

Conclusion

Patients at risk of malnutrition more commonly have multiple adverse outcomes after acute stroke and greater need for early support on discharge.
Status and factors related to post‐traumatic growth in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: A multi‐centre study
Authors: Li Xing , Zhou Xueli , Ma Dengyan , Salerno Stephen , Qi Min , Diao Yongshu , Chen Chongcheng , Zhong Hui , Xiao Shuxin , Wang Yan , Zhang Jiaju , Luo Hongyan , Huang Lijun , Ou Santao , Li Yuanmei , Cheng Xiaoyun , Xu Huihui , Ma Yan , Li Yi , Wei Jianing
Published: October 2021

Aim

To investigate the extent of post‐traumatic growth, and the correlation between post‐traumatic growth and self‐perceived stress, post‐traumatic growth and self‐perceived burden among CAPD patients.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

This was a multi‐centre study including 752 patients from 44 hospitals. Self‐perceived stress, self‐perceived burden and post‐traumatic growth were measured using the post‐traumatic growth inventory (PTGI), the Chinese version of the perceived stress questionnaire (CPSQ) and the self‐perceived burden scale (SPBS). A multiple stepwise regression analysis was fit with the total PTGI score as the outcome of interest.

Results

Patients concurrently experienced post‐traumatic growth and stress following peritoneal dialysis. The initiation of patients’ education level, employment status and self‐perceived stress were all found to relate to growth among Chinese CAPD patients. There was not sufficient evidence to suggest that self‐perceived burden was related to experiencing growth.
To TikTok or not?
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: October 2021

TikTok is wildly popular. Even if you're not active on the app itself, you've likely seen a TikTok video shared in your Facebook or Twitter feed — or as a clip featured on your favorite late‐night TV show.
Expand your reach with online certificate offerings
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: October 2021

The first job Tiffany Watson, Ph.D., had in higher education was as the head cheerleading coach for Norfolk State University. The experience fired a passion in Watson for student success and development, and higher education leadership.
Guanidinopropyl end‐modified poly(ethylene glycol) to form highly compact plasmid DNA mono‐ion complexes by thermal treatment
Authors: Qiao Haibo , Asayama Shoichiro
Published: October 2021

As a monocationic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a guanidinopropyl end‐modified PEG (Gu‐PEG) is used to form the mono‐ion complexes (MICs) with pDNA by thermal treatment to anneal double helix structure for improvement of the MIC formation. After thermal treatment, the Gu‐PEG/pDNA MICs formed the highly compact spherical structure with diameter of ~20 nm, which was considered to be the smallest level in the field of pDNA delivery system. The resulting heated MICs, that is, hMICs, were more stable than nonheated MICs in the presence of serum proteins. Consequently, the thermal treatment of MICs is expected to be the useful method to form highly compact MICs stabilized under physiological conditions for pDNA delivery systems in vivo.
Social adjustment in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia without cranial radiation therapy
Authors: Schulte Fiona S. M. , Merz Erin L. , Russell K. Brooke , Tromburg Courtney , Cho Sara , Tran Andrew , Reynolds Kathleen , Tomfohr‐Madsen Lianne
Published: October 2021

Objective

To evaluate group differences in social adjustment in survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) compared to survivor siblings and controls; identify disease‐related predictors of social adjustment in survivors; and explore whether executive functioning explained differences in social adjustment across groups and between disease‐related predictors.

Methods

Survivors of pediatric ALL (n = 38, average age at diagnosis = 4.27 years [SD = 1.97]; average time off treatment = 4.83 years [SD = 1.52]), one sibling (if available, n = 20), and one parent from each family were recruited from a long‐term survivor clinic. Healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls (n = 38) and one parent from each family were recruited from the community. Parents completed the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Parent Rating Scale (BASC‐3) Social Withdrawal subscale as a measure of social adjustment, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF‐2) as a measure of executive function for each of their children. Multilevel modeling and mediation analysis were used to achieve the study aims.

Results

Parents reported that survivors had significantly worse social adjustment compared to controls (b = 6.34, p = .004), but not survivor siblings. Among survivors, greater time off treatment (b = 2.06, p = .058) and poorer executive functioning (b = 0.42, p = .006) were associated with worse social adjustment. Executive function did not mediate differences in social withdrawal between survivors and controls or the relationship between time off treatment and social withdrawal among survivors.

Conclusions

Survivors of pediatric ALL presenting to follow‐up programs should be screened for difficulties with social adjustment. Future research should examine treatment‐ and nontreatment‐related factors contributing to poorer social outcomes.
Differentiation of endospheric microbiota in ancient and modern wheat cultivar roots
Authors: Mauger Solène , Ricono Claire , Mony Cendrine , Chable Vèronique , Serpolay Estelle , Biget Marine , Vandenkoornhuyse Philippe
Published: October 2021

Modern plant breeding and agrosystems artificialization could have altered plants’ ability to filter and recruit beneficial microorganisms in its microbiota. Thus, compared to modern cultivars, we hypothesized that root‐endosphere microbiota in modern wheat cultivars are less resistant to colonization by fungi and bacteria and thus more susceptible to also recruit more pathogens. We used an in‐field experimental design including six wheat varieties (three ancient vs. three modern) grown in monoculture and in mixture (three replicates each). Endospheric microbiota of wheat roots were analyzed on four individuals sampled randomly in each plot. Composition‐based clustering of sequences was then characterized from amplicon mass‐sequencing. We show that the bacterial and fungal microbiota composition in wheat roots differed between ancient and modern wheat cultivar categories. However, the responses observed varied with the group considered. Modern cultivars harbored higher richness of bacterial and fungal pathogens than ancient cultivars. Both cultivar types displayed specific indicator species. A synergistic effect was identified in mixtures of modern cultivars with a higher root endospheric mycobiota richness than expected from a null model. The present study shows the effect of plant breeding on the microbiota associated plant roots. The results call for making a diagnosis of the cultivar's endospheric‐microbiota composition. These new results also suggest the importance of a holobiont‐vision while considering plant selection in crops and call for better integration of symbiosis in the development of next‐generation agricultural practices.
Fenfluramine as add‐on therapy for Dravet syndrome
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: October 2021

Fenfluramine (Fintepla) has recently been licensed as add‐on therapy for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome. This article summarises its clinical trial efficacy and adverse effects.
An examination of management responsibility in shock events on shareholders’ wealth and reputation‐repair actions to rebound losses
Authors: Buzinkai Donald I. , El‐Gazzar Samir M.
Published: October 2021

This paper investigates the impact of management responsibility in corporate shock events on shareholders' wealth and the types and frequency of repair actions taken to mitigate reputational losses. Information theory and market psychology suggest that shock events resulting from management faults signal ineffective firm management that reduces market participants' trust in a firm's operations. We utilize a sample of corporate shock events with attributed‐firm responsibility ranging from weak to strong and test the above‐stated objectives. Our results show that attributed‐firm responsibility in shock events has a significant negative effect on shareholders' value. The results also highlight positive relationships between firms' levels of responsibility for events and both the number of types and repair actions that firms pursue. In addition, firms announcing reputation‐repair actions were able to rebound a significant portion (41%) of their reputational losses. These findings extend academic research into the cause and consequences of shock events and the repair actions pursued by firms. For practitioners, the results signal the significant negative consequences of shock events and suggest that management should strengthen controls to avoid shock events; but if one was to occur, management should pursue reputation‐repair actions to rebuild market participants' trust and rebound shareholders' losses.
Consistency may be key, but continuity is essential for success
Authors: Skipworth Stan
Published: October 2021

Throughout the course of my career, I've long heard of, and applied myself to, the concept of being consistent, to being able to perform my job at a particular level or standard to the best of my ability, even if the circumstances of doing so become more demanding or complex.
Did court dismiss student's gender bias claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: October 2021

John Doe, a student at Coastal Carolina University, attended an off‐campus pool party and left the party with Jane Doe. John Doe then engaged in sex with Jane Doe.
Closer contact with students can pay off in enrollment, retention
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: October 2021

No one should underestimate the importance of offering a personal touch when working with students who may face multiple barriers to enrollment and completion, said the Vice President of Enrollment Management and Student Success at Monroe County Community College in Michigan. Scott Behrens, Ph.D., still finds the phone calls he places to students to be among his favorite aspects of the job.
Molecular Engineering of Laser‐Induced Graphene for Potential‐Driven Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial and Antiviral Applications
Authors: Gu Meijia , Huang Libei , Wang Zhaoyu , Guo Weihua , Cheng Le , Yuan Yuncong , Zhou Zhou , Hu Liu , Chen Sijie , Shen Chao , Tang Ben Zhong , Ye Ruquan
Published: October 2021

Worldwide, countless deaths have been caused by the coronavirus disease 2019. In addition to the virus variants, an increasing number of fatal fungal infections have been reported, which further exacerbates the scenario. Therefore, the development of porous surfaces with both antiviral and antimicrobial capacities is of urgent need. Here, a cost‐effective, nontoxic, and metal‐free strategy is reported for the surface engineering of laser‐induced graphene (LIG). The authors covalently engineer the surface potential of the LIG from −14 to ≈+35 mV (LIG+), enabling both high‐efficiency antimicrobial and antiviral performance under mild conditions. Specifically, several candidate microorganisms of different types, includingEscherichia coli,Streptomyces tenebrarius, andCandida albicans, are almost completely inactivated after 10‐min solar irradiation. LIG+also exhibits a strong antiviral effect against human coronaviruses: 99% HCoV‐OC43 and 100% HCoV‐229E inactivation are achieved after 20‐min treatment. Such enhancement may also be observed against other types of pathogens that are heat‐sensitive and oppositely charged. Besides, the covalent modification strategy alleviates the leaching problem, and the low cytotoxicity of LIG+makes it advantageous. This study highlights the synergy of surface potential and photothermal effect in the inactivation of pathogens and it provides a direction for designing porous materials for airborne disease removal and water disinfection.
On the (un‐)adoption of JavaScript front‐end frameworks
Authors: Ferreira Fabio , Borges Hudson Silva , Valente Marco Tulio
Published: October 2021

JavaScript is characterized by a rich ecosystem of libraries and frameworks. A key element in this ecosystem are frameworks used for implementing the front‐end of web‐based applications, such as Vue and React. However, despite their relevance, we have few works investigating the factors that drive the adoption—and un‐adoption—of front‐end‐based JavaScript frameworks. Therefore, in this article, we first report the results of a survey with 49 developers where we asked them to describe the factors they consider when selecting a front‐end framework. In the second part of the work, we focus on projects that migrate from one framework to another since JavaScript's ecosystem is also very dynamic. Finally, we provide a quantitative characterization of the migration effort and reveal the main barriers faced by the developers during this effort. Although not completely generalizable, our central findings are as follows: (a) popularity and learnability are the key factors that motivate the choice of front‐end frameworks in JavaScript; (b) from the 49 surveyed developers, one out of four have plans to migrate to another framework in the future; (c) the time spent performing the migration is greater than or equal to the time spent using the old framework in all studied projects. We conclude with a list of implications for practitioners, framework developers, tool builders, and researchers.
Hohe Ladung trifft dünne Schicht
Authors: Wilhelm Richard A.
Published: October 2021

In zweidimensionalen Materialien können hochgeladene Ionen durch Ladungsaustausch Energie deponieren und die freitragenden Schichten strukturieren. Die Grundlagen und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des dabei eingesetzten Interatomaren Coulomb‐Zerfalls (ICD) werden beschrieben.
Draft genome and description of Waterburya agarophytonicola gen. nov. sp. nov. (Pleurocapsales, Cyanobacteria): a seaweed symbiont
Authors: Bonthond Guido , Shalygin Sergei , Bayer Till , Weinberger Florian
Published: October 2021

This work introduces Waterburya agarophytonicola Bonthond and Shalygin gen. nov., sp. nov, a baeocyte producing cyanobacterium that was isolated from the rhodophyte Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Ohmi) Gurgel et al., an invasive seaweed that has spread across the northern hemisphere. The new species genome reveals a diverse repertoire of chemotaxis and adhesion related genes, including genes coding for type IV pili assembly proteins and a high number of genes coding for filamentous hemagglutinin family (FHA) proteins. Among a genetic basis for the synthesis of siderophores, carotenoids and numerous vitamins, W. agarophytonicola is potentially capable of producing cobalamin (vitamin B12), for which A. vermiculophyllum is an auxotroph. With a taxonomic description of the genus and species and a draft genome, this study provides as a basis for future research, to uncover the nature of this geographically independent association between seaweed and cyanobiont.
A Framework for Authentic Ethical Decision Making in the Face of Grand Challenges: A Lonerganian Gradation
Authors: Larres Patricia , Kelly Martin
Published: October 2021

This paper contributes to the contemporary business ethics narrative by proposing an approach to corporate ethical decision making (EDM) which serves as an alternative to the imposition of codes and standards to address the ethical consequences of grand challenges, like COVID-19, which are impacting today’s society. Our alternative approach to EDM embraces the concept of reflexive thinking and ethical consciousness among the individual agents who collectively are the corporation and who make ethical decisions, often in isolation, removed from the collocated corporate setting. We draw on the teachings of the Canadian philosopher and theologian, Fr. Bernard Lonergan, to conceptualize an approach to EDM which focuses on the ethics of the corporate agent by nurturing the universal and invariant structure that is operational in all human beings. Embracing Lonergan’s dynamic cognitive structure of human knowing, and the structure of the human good, we advance a paradigm of EDM in business which emboldens authentic ethical thought, decision making, and action commensurate with virtuous living and germane to human flourishing. Lonergan’s philosophy guides us away from the imposition of over-arching corporate codes of ethics and inspires us, as individual agents, to attend to the data of our own consciousness in our ethical decision making. Such cognitional endowment leads us out of the ethics of the ‘timeless present’ (Islam and Greenwood in Journal of Business Ethics 170: 1–4, 2021) towards ethical authenticity in business, leaving us better placed to reflect upon and address the ethical issues emanating from grand challenges like COVID-19.
A Qualitative Study on How Perceptions of Environmental Changes are Linked to Migration in Morocco, Senegal, and DR Congo
Authors: Van Praag Lore , Lietaer Samuel , Michellier Caroline
Published: October 2021

Environmental migration is a growing concern of academics and policymakers, who foresee a rise in the number of such migrants. However, most prevailing academic and policy discourses ignore the variety of perceptions of environmental changes among people living in highly affected areas across the world. We examine the perceptions of environmental changes and how these are seen to be relevant to migration in Senegal, DR Congo, and Morocco. In total, we conducted 410 interviews with people living in two regions in each of these countries. Results indicate differences in the perception of environmental changes across regions, gender, education, and livelihoods. The economic activities of individuals determine exposure and sensitivity to environmental changes, while educational levels increase familiarity with prevailing environmental discourses and policies. Despite country-specific and regional differences across research sites, few people perceived environmental factors as directly related to their own or family members’ migration projects.
Pilot scale photobioreactor system for land-based macroalgae cultivation
Authors: Schmitz Tonia Annick , Kraft Eckhard
Published: October 2021

Marine macroalgae such as Ulva intestinalis have promising properties as feedstock for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, since the quantity and quality of naturally grown algae vary widely, their exploitability is reduced – especially for producers in high-priced markets. Moreover, the expansion of marine or shore-based cultivation systems is unlikely in Europe, since promising sites either lie in fishing zones, recreational areas, or natural reserves. The aim was therefore to develop a closed photobioreactor system enabling full control of abiotic environmental parameters and an effective reconditioning of the cultivation medium in order to produce marine macroalgae at sites distant from the shore. To assess the feasibility and functionality of the chosen technological concept, a prototypal plant has been implemented in central Germany – a site distant from the sea. Using a newly developed, submersible LED light source, cultivation experiments with Ulva intestinalis led to growth rates of 7.72 ± 0.04 % day−1 in a cultivation cycle of 28 days. Based on the space demand of the production system, this results in fresh mass productivity of 3.0 kg m−2, respectively, of 1.1 kg m−2 per year. Also considering the ratio of biomass to energy input amounting to 2.76 g kWh−1, significant future improvements of the developed photobioreactor system should include the optimization of growth parameters, and the reduction of the system’s overall energy demand.
The Role of Predictability During Negation Processing in Truth-Value Judgment Tasks
Authors: Rück Franziska , Dudschig Carolin , Mackenzie Ian G. , Vogt Anne , Leuthold Hartmut , Kaup Barbara
Published: October 2021

In experiments investigating the processing of true and false negative sentences, it is often reported that polarity interacts with truth-value, in the sense that true sentences lead to faster reaction times than false sentences in affirmative conditions whereas the same does not hold for negative sentences. Various reasons for this difference between affirmative and negative sentences have been discussed in the literature (e.g., lexical associations, predictability, ease of comparing sentence and world). In the present study, we excluded lexical associations as a potential influencing factor. Participants saw artificial visual worlds (e.g., a white square and a black circle) and corresponding sentences (i.e., “The square/circle is (not) white”). The results showed a clear effect of truth-value for affirmative sentences (true faster than false) but not for negative sentences. This result implies that the well-known truth-value-by-polarity interaction cannot solely be due to long-term lexical associations. Additional predictability manipulations allowed us to also rule out an explanatory account that attributes the missing truth-value effect for negative sentences to low predictability. We also discuss the viability of an informativeness account.
Nomadic Pastoralism among the Mongol Herders
Authors: Marchina Charlotte
Published: October 2021

This book, based on anthropological research carried out by the author between 2008 and 2016, addresses the spatial features of nomadic pastoralism among the Mongol herders of Mongolia and Southern Siberia from a cross-comparative perspective. In addition to classical methods of survey, Charlotte Marchina innovatively used GPS recordings to analyse the ways in which pastoralists envision and concretely occupy the landscape, which they share with their animals and invisible entities. The data, represented in abundant and original cartography, provides a better understanding of the mutual adaptations of both herders and animals in the common use of unfenced pastures, not only between different herders but also between different species. The author also highlights the herders' adaptive strategies at a time of rapid socio-political and environmental changes in these areas of the world.
Old English Ecotheology
Authors: Barajas Courtney Catherine
Published: October 2021

This book examines the impact of environmental crises on early medieval English theology and poetry. Like their modern counterparts, theologians at the turn of the first millennium understood the interconnectedness of the Earth community, and affirmed the independent subjectivity of other-than-humans. The author argues for the existence of a specific Old English ecotheology, and demonstrates the influence of that theology on contemporaneous poetry. Taking the Exeter Book as a microcosm of the poetic corpus, she explores the impact of early medieval apocalypticism and environmental anxiety on Old English wisdom poems, riddles, elegies, and saints' lives.
Dwelling with(out) Others: Family Dysfunction in Joseph O'Neill's Netherland
Authors: DUFOURNAUD DANIEL
Published: October 2021

This essay draws on Emmanuel Levinas's concept of the dwelling to understand how neoconservative emphases on family values impede ethical conduct in neoliberal America. Levinas's architectural understanding of egoism maps onto discourses that elevate the nuclear family to unimpeachable heights, and his notion of ethical responsibility provides a road map for rethinking social life along interdependent lines. To that end, this essay turns to Joseph O'Neill's novel Netherland to suggest that aesthetically mediated examples of family dysfunction can disclose ethical forms of sociality that move beyond the nuclear family.
Engines of Patriarchy: Ethical Artificial Intelligence in Times of Illiberal Backlash Politics
Authors: Schopmans Hendrik , Cupać Jelena
Published: October 2021

In recent years, concerns over the risks posed by artificial intelligence (AI) have mounted. In response, international organizations (IOs) have begun to translate the emerging consensus on the need for ethical AI into concrete international rules and standards. While the path toward effective AI governance faces many challenges, this essay shifts attention to an obstacle that has received little attention so far: the growing illiberal backlash in IOs. Prompted by Poland's recent rejection of a European position on AI due to the document's mention of “gender equality,” we argue that Poland followed a strategy that illiberal actors now regularly employ in IOs. To combat gender norms and women's rights across issue areas, illiberal contesters first identify the progressive language in international documents and then threaten to veto those documents—unless such language is watered down or removed. This spoiling strategy, we argue, may not only lead to the compromising of fundamental human rights norms but may also prevent much needed rules for AI from being adopted altogether. Against this background, we urge scholars and practitioners concerned with AI ethics to pay closer attention to illiberal backlash politics. IOs are emerging as spaces where progressive AI rules and standards are increasingly contested—and where they need to be defended to safeguard fundamental rights in an age of rapid technological change.
Are States under a Prospective Duty to Create and Maintain Militaries?
Authors: Dobos Ned
Published: October 2021

Suppose it is foreseeable that you will soon encounter a drowning child, whom you will only be able to rescue if you learn to swim. In this scenario we might think that you have a “prospective duty” to take swimming lessons given that this will be necessary to perform the future rescue. Cécile Fabre argues that, by parity of reasoning, states have a prospective duty to build and maintain military establishments. My argument in this essay pulls in the opposite direction. First, I emphasize that learning to swim is only a prospective duty under very specific circumstances. Normally there is no such duty; hence, we do not normally think that people deserve moral censure for choosing to forego swimming lessons. I then argue that, similarly, while a prospective duty to build a military can arise under some conceivable circumstances, these are not the circumstances that most states today find themselves in. I then suggest a more fitting domestic analogy to guide our thinking about this issue: Maintaining a standing army is less like learning to swim and more like keeping an assault weapon in the home “just in case.” This analogy supports a defeasible presumption against militarization.
War Crimes and the Asymmetry Myth
Authors: Coady C. A. J.
Published: October 2021

The “asymmetry myth” is that war crimes are committed by one's enemies but never, or hardly ever, by one's own combatants. The myth involves not only a common failure to acknowledge our own actual war crimes but also inadequate reactions when we are forced to recognize them. It contributes to the high likelihood that wars, just or unjust in their causes, will have a high moral cost. This cost, moreover, is a matter needing consideration in the jus ante bellum circumstances of preparedness for war as well as of conduct within it. As part of the symposium on Ned Dobos's book, Ethics, Security, and the War-Machine, I will argue that the strength of the asymmetry myth is sustained by certain forms of romantic nationalism linked to the glamorization of military endeavor.
Justice between Wars
Authors: Rodin David
Published: October 2021

One way to tell the story of contemporary ethics of war is as a gradual expansion of the period of time to which theorists attend in relation to war, from ad bellum and in bello to post bellum and ex bello. Ned Dobos, in his new book, Ethics, Security, and the War-Machine, invites us to expand this attention further to the period between wars, which he calls jus ante bellum. In this essay, I explore two significant implications of this shift in normative focus. First, I argue that it opens up an important and productive field of the ethics of military policy-making outside of conflict, including procurement, training, force posture, and military diplomacy. Second, I argue that attending to the relationship between ante bellum and ad bellum considerations contains the seeds of a powerful pacifist argument.