bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Usefulness of Blenderized Food for Selenium Deficiency in Pediatric Patients with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Zenitani Masahiro , Nose Satoko , Oue Takaharu
Published: June 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the preventive or therapeutic effects of blenderized food (BF) on selenium deficiency in pediatric patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID). Methods: The medical records of all 40 consecutive pediatric patients with SMID who underwent nutritional assessment were retrospectively reviewed and compared between two groups: the enteral formula (EF) group and the BF group fed with BF providing more than 10% of total caloric intake. Next, for the selenium-deficient patients who were newly started on blenderized tube feeds after the first nutritional assessment, improvement of selenium deficiency and change of dietary contents were assessed. Results: The BF group patients had a significantly lower prevalence of selenium deficiency and higher serum selenium levels than the EF group patients. In all 7 selenium-deficient patients who started blenderized tube feeds after the first nutritional assessment, serum selenium levels were significantly increased at the second nutritional assessment, even though total selenium intake, selenium intake by EF, and total caloric intake did not differ significantly, and, in fact, caloric intake was significantly decreased by EF. Conclusion: Combined feeding of BFs can be useful for prevention and therapy of selenium deficiency in pediatric SMID patients.
Unblinded and Blinded N-of-1 Trials Versus Usual Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Statin Uptake in Primary Care
Authors: Tudor Kate , Brooks Jenny , Howick Jeremy , Fox Robin , Aveyard Paul
Published: June 2022

Background:

The aim was to assess whether an intervention incorporating a practicable open-label n-of-1 trial would lead to greater uptake of statin than usual care and comparable uptake to a closed-label gold-standard n-of-1 trial.

Methods:

We enrolled patients who had stopped or declined statins into a 3-arm trial (usual care, unblinded, and blinded n-of-1 intervention arms). Physicians advised participants randomized to usual care to take statin therapy to prevent cardiovascular disease. In both intervention arms, physicians delivered a theoretically informed informed intervention endorsing the value of experimenting with medication in n-of-1 trials to assess whether it caused side-effects. In these trials, participants alternated between 4 weeks of medication and no medication (unblinded arm) or randomly sorted active and placebo (blinded arm) and recorded symptoms and symptom attributions for 6 months. Thereafter, physicians discussed participants’ symptom reports during active/inactive treatment periods and asked participants to resume statins if appropriate.

Results:

Seventy-three were randomized to the intervention arms and 20 to the control group. Fifty-six of 73 (77%) attempted the n-of-1 experiment; 28/36 (78%) in the unblinded arm; and 28/37 (76%) in the blinded arm. Forty-three of 56 (77%) completed the 6-month experiment and received feedback from the physician; 20/28 (71%) in the unblinded arm and 23/28 (82%) in the blinded arm. Thirty-three of 76 (45%) people restarted statins in the n-of-1 arms compared with 4/20 (20%) in the control arm, difference 24% (95% CI, 5%–43%;
P
=0.041). There was no evidence this differed between blinded and unblinded arms, difference 2% (95% CI, −20% to 24%;
P
=0.86). Adverse events occurred at a similar rate on and off statin.

Conclusions:

In patients refusing or intolerant of statin, supporting experimentation with n-of-1 trials increases medication uptake compared with usual care. Alternating on-off medication in unblinded n-of-1 experiments appears as effective as a blinded experiment.

Registration:

URL:
https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN11142694
; Unique identifier: ISRCTN11142694.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Pediatric Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: Impact of Age on Procedural Methods and Durable Success
Authors: O’Leary Edward T. , Harris Jamie , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Gentry Courtney , Dionne Audrey , Abrams Dominic J. , Alexander Mark E. , Bezzerides Vassilios J. , DeWitt Elizabeth S. , Triedman John K. , Walsh Edward P. , Mah Douglas Y.
Published: June 2022

Background

Catheter‐based slow‐pathway modification (SPM) is the treatment of choice for symptomatic atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). We sought to investigate the interactions between patient age and procedural outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing catheter‐based SPM for AVNRT.

Methods and Results

A retrospective cohort study was performed, including consecutive patients undergoing acutely successful SPM for AVNRT from 2008 to 2017. Those with congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and accessory pathways were excluded. Patients were stratified by age quartile at time of SPM. The primary outcome was AVNRT recurrence. A total of 512 patients underwent successful SPM for AVNRT. Age quartile 1 had 129 patients with a median age and weight of 8.9 years and 30.6 kg, respectively. Radiofrequency energy was used in 98% of cases. Follow‐up was available in 447 (87%) patients with a median duration of 0.8 years (interquartile range, 0.2–2.5 years). AVNRT recurred in 22 patients. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling identified atypical AVNRT (hazard ratio [HR], 5.83; 95% CI, 2.01–16.96;
P
=0.001), dual atrioventricular nodal only (HR, 4.09; 95% CI, 1.39–12.02;
P
=0.011), total radiofrequency lesions (HR, 1.06 per lesion; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12;
P
=0.032), and the use of a long sheath (HR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.23–10.03;
P
=0.010) as predictors of AVNRT recurrence; quartile 1 patients were not at higher risk of recurrence (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.10–1.97;
P
=0.29). Complete heart block requiring permanent pacing occurred in one quartile 2 patient at 14.9 years of age.

Conclusions

Pediatric AVNRT can be treated with radiofrequency‐SPM with high procedural efficacy and minimal risk of complications, including heart block. Atypical AVNRT and dual atrioventricular nodal physiology without inducible tachycardia remain challenging substrates.
Association of Familial History of Diabetes, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Stroke, or Myocardial Infarction With Risk of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Kwak Ji Hee , Ha Eun Kyo , Kim Ju Hee , Cha Hye Ryung , Lee Seung Won , Han Man Yong
Published: June 2022

Background

There are few studies on the association with Kawasaki disease in children and the family’s history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to identify the association of increased risks for Kawasaki disease in children with a family history of CVD.

Methods and Results

Clinical data of children born in 2008 and 2009 (n=917 707) were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service and the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children for this study. The cohort consisted of 495 215 participants (53.8%) who completed the family history questionnaire for children 54 to 60 months old. Family history of CVD included 5 medical conditions: hypertension, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes. Kawasaki disease was defined using the disease code, intravenous immunoglobulin prescription, and use of antipyretics for more than 25 days. Severe Kawasaki disease was defined as diagnosis of accompanied cardiac/coronary artery complications or intravenous immunoglobulin use ≥2 times. The incidence rate of Kawasaki disease was 124/100 000 person‐years (95% CI, 117.5–131.5) for children <2 years old, 95/100 000 person‐years (95% CI, 90.5–100.4) in children 2 to 5 years old, and 14/100 000 person‐years (95% CI, 12.6–15.6) in children >5 years old. After propensity‐score matching, 829 participants with a family history of CVD were diagnosed as having Kawasaki disease (0.68% [95% CI, 0.63–0.72]), and 690 patients with Kawasaki disease (0.56% [95% CI, 0.52–0.61]) had no family history of CVD. The family history of CVD was associated with increased risk for Kawasaki disease (risk ratio, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.08–1.32]) but not for severe Kawasaki disease (risk ratio, 1.23 [95% CI, 0.92–1.65]).

Conclusions

In this nationwide propensity‐score matched study, those with a family history of CVD had a significantly greater risk of Kawasaki disease compared with those who had no family history of CVD.
Sex‐Specific Differences in Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights from the TAILOR‐PCI Trial
Authors: Madan Mina , Abbott J. Dawn , Lennon Ryan , So Derek Y. F. , MacDougall Andrea M. , McLaughlin Mary Ann , Murthy Vishakantha , Saw Jacqueline , Rihal Charanjit , Farkouh Michael E. , Pereira Naveen L. , Goodman Shaun G. , Abdul‐Nour Khaled , Darki Amir , Dehghani Payam , Doll Josh , El‐Hajjar Mohammed , Escobedo Jorge , Frank Adam , Ginete Wilson , Bachuwar Alok , Goldberg Ronald , Graham John , Guild Cameron , Campbell William , Kim Sang Wook , Kostopoulis Louie , Lane Gary , Lim Hong‐seok , MacDougall Andrea , Madan Mina , Marzo Kevin , Nazif Tamim , O’Cochlain Fearghas , Overgaard Christopher , Dzavik Vlad , Raveendran Ganesh , Razzouk Louai , Reimers Carl , Garratt Kirk , Saucedo Jorge , Levisay Justin , Saw Jacqueline , Suresh D. P. , Sweeney John , Tiong Irving , Weitz Steven , Wu Alan
Published: June 2022

Background

TAILOR‐PCI (Tailored Antiplatelet Initiation to Lessen Outcomes due to decreased Clopidogrel Response After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) studied genotype‐guided selection of antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention versus conventional therapy with clopidogrel. The presence of
CYP2C19
loss‐of‐function alleles in patients treated with clopidogrel may be associated with increased risk for ischemic events. We report a prespecified sex‐specific analysis of genotyping and associated cardiovascular outcomes from this study.

Methods and Results

Associations between sex and major adverse cardiac events (MACE: cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, stent thrombosis, and severe recurrent ischemia) and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) bleeding at 12 months were analyzed using Cox proportional‐hazards models. Among 5276 randomized patients, loss‐of‐function carriers were observed in ≈36% of both sexes, and >80% of carriers were heterozygotes. At 12 months, after adjustment for baseline differences, risks of MACE (HR , 1.28 [0.97 to 1.68];
P
=0.088) and BARC bleeding (hazard ratio [HR], 1.36 [0.91 to 2.05];
P
=0.14) were comparable among women and men. There were no significant interactions between sex and treatment strategy for MACE interaction
P
value (

P
int

=0.59) or BARC bleeding (
P
int
=0.47) nor for sex and genotype (MACE
P
int
=0.15, and BARC bleeding
P
int
=0.60).

Conclusions

CYP2C19
loss‐of‐function alleles were present in ≈1 in 3 women and men. Women had similar adjusted risks of MACE and bleeding as men following percutaneous coronary intervention. Genotype‐guided therapy did not significantly reduce the risk of MACE or bleeding relative to conventional therapy for both sexes.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01742117.
Detection of preanalytical errors in arterial blood gas analysis
Authors: Çuhadar Serap , Özkanay-Yörük Hayat , Köseoğlu Mehmet , Katırcıoğlu Kaan
Published: June 2022

Blood gas analysis (BGA) is an essential test used for years to provide vital information in critically ill patients. However, the instability of the blood gases is a problem. We aimed to evaluate time and temperature effects on blood gas stability.
Arterial blood was collected from 20 patients into syringes. Following BGA for baseline, syringes were divided into groups to stand at 4°C and 22°C for 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes. All were tested for pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), oxygen saturation (sO2), oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), sodium, potassium, glucose, lactate, oxygen tension at 50% hemoglobin saturation (p50), and bicarbonate. A subgroup analysis was performed to detect the effect of air on results during storage. Percentage deviations were calculated and compared against the preset quality specifications for allowable total error.
At 4°C, pO2 was the least stable parameter. At 22°C, pO2 remained stable for 120 min, pH and glucose for 90 min, lactate and pCO2 for 60 min. Glucose and lactate were stable when chilled. Air bubbles interfered pO2 regardless of temperatures, whereas pCO2 increased significantly at 22°C after 30 min, and pH decreased after 90 min. Bicarbonate, sO2, O2Hb, sodium, and potassium were the unaffected parameters.
Correct BGA results are essential, and arterial sample is precious. Therefore, if immediate analysis cannot be performed, up to one hour, syringes stored at room temperature will give reliable results when care is taken to minimize air within the blood gas specimen.
Verification of a 6-part differential haematology analyser Siemens Advia 2120i
Authors: Čičak Helena , Radišić Biljak Vanja , Šimundić Ana-Maria
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive verification of a 6-part differential haematology analyser Siemens Advia 2120i (Erlangen, Germany), prior to its routine implementation.
Our verification protocol included: precision (within- and between-run), estimated bias (%) as measure of trueness, which was calculated from observed and manufacturers’ declared value, analytical measuring interval (AMI), carryover, confirmation of a limit of blank (LoB), determination of a limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantitation (LoQ). The K2 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) patients’ leftover samples were used for verification of analyser Advia 2021i. Acceptance criteria were based on manufacturer technical specifications (Siemens), 2016 state-of-the-art criteria (Vis and Huisman), and EFLM Biological Variation Database.
The within- and between-run precision were acceptable for all parameters and the lowest coefficients of variation were observed for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (0.3% and 0.6%, respectively). Estimated bias was within the acceptance criteria for all parameters except for MCV (the estimated bias was 2.2% (acceptance criteria 2.0%). AMI was confirmed for all tested parameters (r > 0.99). The carryover estimates ranged from 0.1% for platelet count (Plt) to 0.6% for red blood cell count and were within the manufacturers’ specifications (≤ 1%). Manufacturers’ claims for LoB were confirmed for leukocytes, erythrocytes, haemoglobin, and platelets. The estimated LoD and LoQ were 0.05 x109/L and 0.1 x109/L for white blood cell count, while for Plt values were 2 x109/L and 3 x109/L, respectively.
Analytical performance of the Siemens Advia 2120i meets predefined quality goals and is suitable for routine use in a clinical laboratory.
Corrigendum to: Post-GDPR survey of data protection officers in research and non-research institutions in Croatia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mladinić Anamarija , Puljak Livia , Koporc Zvonimir
Published: June 2022

This is a correction of:Mladinić A, Puljak L, Koporc Z. Post-GDPR survey of data protection officers in research and non-research institutions in Croatia: a cross-sectional study. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2021; 31:030703. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2021.030703.
Sacred Poetry, Eternal Felicity, and the Redemption of Israel: Obadiah Sforno’s Commentary on Psalms in the Berlin Haskalah
Authors: Sela Yael
Published: June 2022

The article explores the philosophical exegesis in Obadiah Sforno’s sixteenth-century Psalms commentary and its reception in Berlin of the late eighteenth century, where it was reprinted in the Haskalah’s biggest bestseller—an edition of Moses Mendelssohn’s Psalms translation with Hebrew commentary. While the inclusion of entire commentaries by earlier exegetes was unique among all Haskalah Bible editions, I argue that the choice to include Sforno’s commentary alongside Mendelssohn’s translation of Psalms, itself an expression of Mendelssohn’s political-theological defense of Judaism, was intended to buttress shared philosophical doctrines and concepts located by the two scholars in Psalms, notwithstanding temporal and cultural divergences: imitatio Dei, the salvation of the individual soul, and Israel’s eternity.
The Double-Edged Sword of Mandarin: Language Shift and Cultural Maintenance among Middle-Aged Chinese-Malaysians
Authors: Ong Teresa Wai See , Troyer Robert A.
Published: June 2022

Previous research has demonstrated that the increasing importance of Mandarin in education and public life has led many younger Chinese-Malaysians to regard Mandarin as their mother tongue and part of their cultural identity rather than a heritage language. Fewer studies have documented the language repertoires of middle-aged and older Chinese-Malaysians. This paper presents a qualitative study of Mandarin use conducted with six Chinese-Malaysians aged 40 and older. The participants reported extensive use of Mandarin in the domains of home, work, religion, and cultural maintenance, which were served by a heritage language in the past. This indicates that the use of Mandarin by the older generation Chinese-Malaysians to engage with the contemporary linguistic world is influenced by hegemonic local and global factors. This study therefore highlights the significance of Mandarin as both an element of cultural identity and an instrument of heritage language loss.
Morphology and phylogeny reveal two novel Xylaria (Xylariaceae) species from China
Authors: WU YOU-PENG , PI YIN-HUI , LONG SI-HAN , LIU LI-LI , ZHANG XU , LONG QING-DE , LIN YAN , KANG YING-QIAN , KANG JI-CHUAN , WIJAYAWARDENE NALIN N. , LI QI-RUI
Published: June 2022

Four species of Xylaria were collected from Guizhou and Hainan provinces in China. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses (based on β-tubulin, rpb2 and α-actin genes) revealed two new species (X. sylvatica sp. nov. and X. wuzhishanensis sp. nov.) and two known species (X. atrosphaerica and X. cubensis). Xylaria sylvatica is distinguished from X. spinulosa by lacking long thorns on the stromatal surface, and larger ascospores (23–28.5 × 7–9.5 μm vs. 19–23 × 6.5–8.5 μm) with a sigmoid germ slit. Xylaria wuzhishanensis differs from X. schweinitzii by its semi-globular or irregularly globose stromata, from X. atrosphaerica by its larger ascospores (23–30.5 × 7–9 μm vs. 17–25 × 6–10 μm). Their descriptions and illustrations are provided.
A new species of Taraxacum sect. Arctica (Asteraceae, Crepidinae) from northern Kamchatka, Russia, with a synoptic survey and a nomenclator of the section in Russia
Authors: KIRSCHNER JAN , ŠTĚPÁNEK JAN , BURYY VLADIMIR V. , CHERNYAGINA OLGA A. , EFIMOV PETR G.
Published: June 2022

Taraxacum sect. Arctica (Asteraceae, Crepidinae) is a circumpolar and alpidic group, relatively satisfactorily explored and studied. It is comprised of more than 55 species, five of them having sexual reproduction (mostly confined to NE Russia and the Aleutians), the majority with agamospermous reproduction. We examined representative material, including types, of almost all taxa formally recognized in the literature, compiled a synoptic survey of T. sect. Arctica in Russia (46 taxa) and a nomenclatural checklist (55 names), and evaluated new collections from Kamchatka. A new species was revealed in the material from northern Kamchatka, distinct in blackish purple to black-violet achenes with sparse and short spinulosity and a very gradual body/cone transition, a short cone, the absence of pollen, and tubular florets. It is newly described as T. atropurpureum.
Of Humans, Machines, and Extremism: The Role of Platforms in Facilitating Undemocratic Cognition
Authors: DeCook Julia R. , Forestal Jennifer
Published: June 2022

The events surrounding the 2020 U.S. election and the January 6 insurrection have challenged scholarly understanding of concepts like collective action, radicalization, and mobilization. In this article, we argue that online far-right radicalization is better understood as a form of distributed cognition, in which the groups’ online environment incentivizes certain patterns of behavior over others. Namely, these platforms organize their users in ways that facilitate a nefarious form of collective intelligence, which is amplified and strengthened by systems of algorithmic curation. In short, these platforms reflect and facilitate undemocratic cognition, fueled by affective networks, contributing to events like the January 6 insurrection and far-right extremism more broadly. To demonstrate, we apply this framing to a case study (the “Stop the Steal” movement) to illustrate how this framework can make sense of radicalization and mobilization influenced by undemocratic cognition.
Reading the Love Commandments and Learning the Imitation of Christ in Aquinas
Authors: Chu Zane E.
Published: June 2022

Aquinas’s exposition of the twofold commandment of charity embeds a pedagogy for learning the imitation of Christ. This pedagogy may be gathered from his commentaries on the Gospels of Matthew and John, with refinements from the Summa theologiae. Christ commands love of God and neighbour and calls us to friendship that requires imitation of him. Aquinas depicts this imitation of Christ as a gratuitous, effective, and right love of neighbour which, I suggest, is grounded in, and develops his articulation of, love of neighbour as an expansion of love of self that is holy, just, and true. In this way, we learn to imitate Christ by following his commandment of charity, and we learn to follow the commandment of charity by imitating Christ. This interpenetrating pedagogy exemplifies and belongs essentially to Aquinas’s broader goal of promoting conformity to Christ through his practice of sacra doctrina or holy teaching.
Becoming Global at Home: An Analysis of Existing Cases and A Proposal for the Future of Internationalization at Home
Authors: Sierra-Huedo Maria Luisa , Bruton Lindsey , Fernández Cayetano
Published: June 2022

The internationalization of higher education institutions (HEIs) often focuses almost exclusively on the number of students and staff involved in mobility programs. In contrast, internationalization at home (IaH) is a holistic and inclusive approach that focuses on change in different areas and levels of university structure and life. It considers the entire university community as a system and includes those students who never study abroad. This article analyses the elements of IaH programs described in the literature, identifying seven main areas common to them all and proposing a general IaH framework that may be used when implementing an IaH process.
The Effect on the Care Behaviors of Nurses Working in Intensive Care Clinics of Moral Distress Experienced During End of Life Patient Care
Authors: Elcelik Ufuk Ercan , Ozcelik Hanife , Muz Gamze
Published: June 2022

This research was conducted as a descriptive study in order to examine the effects of the moral problems experienced by nurses working in intensive care clinics on their end of life care behaviors. The data were collected using the Moral Distress Scale and Caring Behaviors Inventory. It was found that 74.5% of the nurses were women and their mean age was 32.60 ± 6.6 years. The frequency of moral distress in the nurses was 44.27 ± 16.25 and total score was 111.02 ± 63.85. There were significant differences in the scores of the concept the use of futile treatment by nurses, the decision not to begin life-support treatment being made only by physicians, and moral distress and discomfort felt by pediatric intensive care nurses ( p < .05). A statistically significant relationship was found between total scores of discomfort on moral distress and assurance, knowledge and skills, connectedness, and being respectful on the end of life care behaviors ( p < .05).
State Support for Religion and Social Trust
Authors: Fox Jonathan , Eisenstein Marie , Breslawski Jori
Published: June 2022

States support religion to varying extents. What is the effect of state support for religion on generalized social trust? The majority of previous studies of religion and social trust focus on individual-level factors, and none examines the impact of state support for religion. We argue that when a state chooses to support the majority religion, this creates increased levels of doctrinal homogeneity and conformity, which, in turn, cause higher levels of social trust within the majority religion. Drawing upon the Religion and State and World Values Survey datasets, we find that state support for religion is associated with higher levels of social trust.
Multi-response optimization of tensile and fracture properties of polypropylene/ethylene-vinyl acetate/exfoliated graphite by the design of experiment
Authors: Rajaee Pouya , Ashenai Ghasemi Faramarz , Fasihi Mohammad , Fotoohi Abuzar , Sajjadi Seyyed Ali
Published: June 2022

Thermoplastic elastomeric nanocomposites have a wide range of applications in the automotive, medical, electronics, and energy sectors. Good mechanical and fracture performances are typically needed to reach the desired properties for the applications. In this study, tensile and fracture properties of exfoliated graphite (EG) filled PP toughened with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) are examined. Accordingly, four levels of EVA (0, 10, 20, and 30 wt.%) and EG (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt.%) are utilized. The full factorial design is employed to explain the effect of independent parameters and their interaction on responses. The essential work of fracture (EWF) methodology is also employed to investigate the fracture behavior of the blend nanocomposites. By increasing EVA, the elongation at break and non-EWF are increased by 188% and 75%, in succession. Moreover, the tensile modulus is improved up to 11% by increasing EG. The compound with 10 wt.% EVA and 1 wt.% EG has the best toughness-strength-stiffness balance based on the optimization results.
The view from Hebrew: A commentary on Kidd and Garcia (2022)
Authors: Berman Ruth A.
Published: June 2022

The commentary opens by pointing out why Kidd and Garcia’s study is an important milestone in research on child language. The commentary goes on to survey insights from crosslinguistic research in the domain, focusing on the author’s work in acquisition and development of Israeli Hebrew as a first language, from toddlers via schoolchildren to adolescents. And it calls for further research to enhance our understanding of what is universally shared by children across the world compared with developmental factors filtered by the impact of a particular target language.
Child language acquisition research on indigenous African sign languages: A commentary on Kidd and Garcia (2022)
Authors: Edward Mary
Published: June 2022

It is not always the case that an endangered language goes through a revitalisation programme. For most endangered languages, there are no attempts for revitalisation, and we may never hear of them, nor understand their child language acquisition process. Currently, our understanding of sign language acquisition by children is framed by the research on the few sign languages that have child language acquisition research projects. There is a dearth of research on child language acquisition of indigenous African sign languages.
Preoperative perforator mapping of anterolateral thigh flaps using computed tomographic angiography and visual coordinate system for the reconstruction of head and neck defects
Authors: Zhang Aobo , Dong Yanbo , Yuan Shuoqing , Zhao Mingzhen , Zhang Tingting , Liu Liangfa
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a versatile workhorse flap for the reconstruction of head and neck defects; however, variations in the location of perforators are a significant concern. This prospective study proposes a rapid, effective, and convenient method for mapping the location of sizeable perforators on the curved thigh skin surface using the visual coordinate system in computed tomographic angiography (CTA) images.

Methods

Fourteen patients suffering from defects after head and neck carcinoma resection underwent CTA prior to ALT flap reconstruction at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2018 to August 2021. Using sterile gauze swab developing lines pasted on the patients’ thighs, we established a coordinate system visualized both in CTA images and the thighs. The perforator information was then compared between the CTA and intraoperative findings.

Results

Twenty-one perforators were detected on CTA in the designed flaps, which were also confirmed during the operation with a visual pulse. The course and source of the perforators were consistent with the intraoperative findings. The distances of perforator coordinate points between CTA and intraoperative findings were <5 mm. Another five perforators (mostly without visual pulse) found intraoperatively could not be identified on preoperative CTA. Most flaps survived in their entirety, and one flap suffered a small area of necrosis due to perforator compression.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the efficacy of a novel perforator mapping method for anterolateral thigh flaps.
New graduates learning to make intervention decisions in acute paediatric hospital settings: Support and influences
Authors: Moir Elizabeth , Copley Jodie A , Turpin Merrill J
Published: June 2022

Introduction

New graduate occupational therapists’ experiences of learning to make paediatric intervention decisions within hospital settings are unexplored. New graduates commonly find clinical decision-making challenging. Previous research has predominantly evaluated support programs designed to assist their transition to practice. Exploring new graduates’ experiences working in hospital settings is important because they are common employers of new graduates and typically provide substantial support.

Method

A case study approach enabled exploration of the experiences of four new graduate and perspectives of four experienced occupational therapists working in an Australian paediatric hospital. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, informal discussions, observations and review of documents. Inductive analysis was used to identify codes and themes within the data.

Findings

New graduates reported substantial access to workplace supports and resources to inform their intervention decisions. However, the immediacy with which occupational therapists needed to respond to referrals impacted new graduates’ ability to consistently access available supports. They were acutely aware of needing to manage clinical risk and actively sought informal support for making intervention decisions.

Conclusion

Providing opportunities to seek informal support on an ‘as-needs’ basis was most important for assisting new graduates to obtain reassurance that they were making safe, high-quality intervention decisions.
Using Large-Scale Drone Data to Monitor and Assess the Behavior of Freight Vehicles on Urban Level
Authors: Loder Allister , Otte Thomas , Bogenberger Klaus
Published: June 2022

Compared with public transport operations, urban freight traffic and its associated delivery operations seem to be frequently overlooked in urban traffic management and traffic flow theory. One explanation for this is certainly the lack of available data, as the competitive freight transport market is fragmented and several actors are unwilling to collect or share tactical and operational data. In this study, we use the unique pNEUMA drone data set from Athens, Greece, to shed light on urban freight operations. We discuss macroscopic traffic indicators in a multimodal context. As the vehicle stopping behavior can adversely influence traffic flow, we reveal the stopping behavior of the different modes represented in the data set using clustering techniques. We find that urban freight vehicles’ stopping frequency lies between the stopping frequencies of cars and buses. We reveal the distribution of stopping times for loading and unloading stops in Athens to have a mean of around 380 seconds. Clustering all loading and unloading stops further reveals three groups of loading and unloading stops that could be labeled by incorporating knowledge and expertise about local particularities. The limited flight time of drones, owing to their battery capacities, did not allow reconstruction of longer vehicle routes, such as an entire vehicle tour within the network. However, this could be addressed in future research by realizing continuous large-scale monitoring routines. The revealed vehicle behavior parameters can be used in traffic models to generate further insights into the impacts of urban freight transport to inform public sector decision makers.
Impact of Airspace Restrictions on Urban Air Mobility Airport Shuttle Service Route Feasibility
Authors: Kotwicz Herniczek Mark T. , German Brian J.
Published: June 2022

Initial urban air mobility (UAM) operations are anticipated to include airport shuttle services between airport terminals and city centers. UAM airport shuttle operations have the potential to improve the customer experience and provide airports with new revenue streams but risk interfering with current airport operations. In this paper, we develop a discrete, heuristics-based optimization framework to explore the impact of airspace constraints and the placement of vertiports in the airport terminal area on the feasibility of UAM shuttle operations. The framework is applied to the terminal areas of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL), Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW), and Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). Small-scale UAM operations are found to be feasible at all three airports with current terminal-area procedures, particularly if UAM aircraft are classified as helicopters. Scaled-up operations are found to be most feasible at ATL because of the possibility of segregating UAM aircraft from commercial traffic, whereas scaled-up operations at LAX and DFW are expected to require the adoption of new technologies, procedures, and regulations.
Antecedents of Work Engagement in the Public Sector: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Zahari Norfadhillaton , Kaliannan Maniam
Published: June 2022

This article systematically reviewed the body of literature concerning work engagement in public organizations, aiming to examine the antecedents of work engagement in the public sector. Web of Science and Scopus, two prominent journal databases, were utilized to identify relevant literature. Adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, a final of 48 articles were systematically analyzed as research samples. The review identified five main themes: organizational and team factors, perceived leadership, job-related experience, individual, and organizational intervention factors. Generally, most studies reviewed emphasized individual and job-design-related factors as antecedents of work engagement in the public sector. Only minimal emphasis has been placed on organizational intervention compared to the other factors. This study also found that most literature addressed a single or a few themes of work engagement antecedents instead of a comprehensive work engagement model comprising all related aspects. This systematic review ends with directions for future studies to aid future scholars.
Effects of dibutyl phthalate and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on hepatic structure and function of adult male mice
Authors: Batool Saira , Batool Sajida , Shameem Sitara , Batool Tahira , Batool Saima
Published: June 2022

The objective of the present research was to determine if dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) alone and combined exposure induced pathological alterations in laboratory reared albino mice. Adult male mice were equally divided (n = 10) into Control, corn oil (CO), DBP, DEHP, and DBP+DEHP treated groups. Dibutyl phthalate (250 mg/kg), DEHP (300 mg/kg), and DBP+DEHP (250+300 mg/kg), respectively, were administered by oral gavage mixed in corn oil (0.2 mL) for 28 days. All animals were sacrificed following 28 days of treatment and blood was collected for serum lipid profiles and liver function tests. Liver samples were also collected for observation of histological changes. Microphotographs of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were used for computer-based micrometry. CO, DBP, DEHP, and DBP+DEHP treatment resulted in a significant increase in the mean body and liver weights as compared with the Control group. Histological examination of the livers with DBP and/or DEHP treatment showed marked alterations leading to hepatic hypertrophy. In the treated groups, a significant increase in the mean number of mononucleated, binucleated cells, and oval cells per unit area was noticed with disorganized trabecular arrangement as compared with the Control group. Treatment with DBP and/or DEHP resulted in large regeneration zones in the liver and an increased relative nucleo-cytoplasmic index of mononuclear shepatocytes when compared with the Control group. All treatments caused a significant increases in the liver enzymes and proteins as well as altered serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels. The histopathological and serological findings confirmed the toxic potentials to hepatic tissue of DBP and DEHP either given alone or in combination.
Do the Marriageable Men want to Protect and Provide? The Expectation of Black Professional Hybrid Masculinity
Authors: Hill Marbella Eboni
Published: June 2022

Gender ideologies are embedded in intersecting race, class, and gender systems. Yet Black masculinity is often defined one-dimensionally, without attention to class variation in gender enactment. Particularly, with regard to heterosexual partnering, representations of Black masculinity most often involve men enacting compensatory displays to account for having too little masculine capital to meet the dominant culture’s protector–provider prerequisites for accomplishing marital masculinity. Drawing from interviews with 42 never-married Black professional men, I explore their ideas about how masculinity ought to be done within the marital relationship—a critical site for the reproduction of gender inequality. Findings reveal that these men construct “Black professional hybrid masculinity” around a simultaneously racialized and classed compensatory strategy of masculine protection and equitable spousal sharing, resisting simple classification as either hegemonic or counterhegemonic. Rather, it is a distinctly hybrid masculine strategy. These men cherry-pick hegemonic gender norms to reconstruct gender identities that reaffirm their sense of manhood and idealize their future wives as symbols of hybrid femininity—work-devoted women who are also femininely in need of masculine protection. This research offers an intersectional extension of hybrid masculinity and illustrates the need for heterogeneous and context-varied theories of how Black men do gender.
“Death Threats don’t Just Affect You, They Affect Your Family”: Investigating the Impact of Whistleblowing on Family Identity
Authors: Richardson Brian K.
Published: June 2022

Organizational whistleblowers routinely encounter retaliation such as job loss, ostracism, intimidation, and death threats which can impact their “master status,” or core identity. Questions remain about whether whistleblowing experiences can “spill over” into homes, affecting family identities. This study aimed to understand how spillover related to whistleblowing affected family identity, and to identify communicative factors which influenced family identity (re)construction. Thirty one individuals, including 15 whistleblowers and 16 family members of whistleblowers, were interviewed for this study. Data analysis revealed three family identities emerged from whistleblowing experiences: affirmed families, wounded families, and fragmented families. Social support processes and boundary management played key roles in family identity (re)construction. These findings engender theoretical implications for effective negotiation of work-home spillover and social support processes, whistleblowing models, and whistleblowing policies’ impacts on families. Specifically, findings indicate boundary negotiation that facilitate matching levels of social support was integral to maintaining healthy family identities.
When Family Business Meets Social Enterprise: An Integrative Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Randolph Robert V. , Alexander Benjamin N. , Madison Kristen , Barbera Francesco
Published: June 2022

Although family businesses and social enterprises are typically examined as distinct organizational forms, research in both domains recognizes the significant influence of family on organizational goals. Our cross-disciplinary review of 104 articles, published in 50 journals between 1996 and 2020, capitalizes on this family connection and synthesizes the varied ways family influence has been examined in extant literature. Our review considers the role of the family in shaping social missions and directing social value while also emphasizing the importance of community stakeholders. Our findings provide a foundation for understanding the dynamic role of family influence across domains and enhancing interdisciplinary learning.
An examination of skill requirements for augmented reality and virtual reality job advertisements
Authors: Verma Amit , Purohit Pratibha , Thornton Timothy , Lamsal Kamal
Published: June 2022

The fields of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) have seen massive growth in recent years. Numerous degree programs have started to redesign their curricula to meet the high market demand for people qualified to fill related job positions. In this paper, the authors perform a content analysis of online job postings hosted on Indeed.com and provide a skill classification framework for AR/VR job positions. Furthermore, they present a ranking of the relevant skills for such positions. The paper contributes to the extant literature on curriculum design in degree programs by presenting the popular skills in the AR/VR domain.
Helicopter flight dynamics with simulated rainfall
Authors: Li Guozhi , Cao Yihua
Published: June 2022

Sustaining flight operation that encounters with rainfall might be a challenge to a pilot due to lacking of understanding flight dynamics in the rain conditions. This paper, combined with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, develops a nonlinear flight dynamics model in the rain conditions that can be capable of exploring UH-60A single-rotor helicopter flight dynamics in the rain conditions, including trim, stability, and controllability. Firstly, in order to obtain a data-driven basis relating to multiple working conditions of the blades, a CFD-based method of simulation of the blade airfoil in the conditions of the angles of attack ranging from −26° to 26° and under a thunderstorm heavy rain scenario when the rate of rainfall is 1500 mm/h is developed. Then, these data are incorporated into a nonlinear flight dynamics model in the form of coefficient increments. Numerical simulations are conducted in the range of the flight velocities from 0 knots to 160 knots. The quantitative results indicate that rainfall degrades the blade airfoil aerodynamic performance and increases the rotor torque and required power, affecting the helicopter trim, stability, and controllability. More importantly, helicopter that flies in a small or moderate flight velocity and that encounters rainfall might be a relative serious case, which should be paid attention to.
Growth-Mindset Intervention Delivered by Teachers Boosts Achievement in Early Adolescence
Authors: Porter Tenelle , Catalán Molina Diego , Cimpian Andrei , Roberts Sylvia , Fredericks Afiya , Blackwell Lisa S. , Trzesniewski Kali
Published: June 2022

School underachievement is a persistent problem in the United States. Direct-to-student, computer-delivered growth-mindset interventions have shown promise as a way to improve achievement for students at risk of failing in school; however, these interventions benefit only students who happen to be in classrooms that support growth-mindset beliefs. Here, we tested a teacher-delivered growth-mindset intervention for U.S. adolescents in Grades 6 and 7 that was designed to both impart growth-mindset beliefs and create a supportive classroom environment where those beliefs could flourish ( N = 1,996 students, N = 50 teachers). The intervention improved the grades of struggling students in the target class by 0.27 standard deviations, or 2.81 grade percentage points. The effects were largest for students whose teachers endorsed fixed mindsets before the intervention. This large-scale, randomized controlled trial demonstrates that growth-mindset interventions can produce gains when delivered by teachers.
Group sequential methods for the Mann-Whitney parameter
Authors: Nowak Claus P , Mütze Tobias , Konietschke Frank
Published: June 2022

Late phase clinical trials are occasionally planned with one or more interim analyses to allow for early termination or adaptation of the study. While extensive theory has been developed for the analysis of ordered categorical data in terms of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, there has been comparatively little discussion in the group sequential literature on how to provide repeated confidence intervals and simple power formulas to ease sample size determination. Dealing more broadly with the nonparametric Behrens-Fisher problem, we focus on the comparison of two parallel treatment arms and show that the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, the Brunner-Munzel test, as well as a test procedure based on the log win odds, a modification of the win ratio, asymptotically follow the canonical joint distribution. In addition to developing power formulas based on these results, simulations confirm the adequacy of the proposed methods for a range of scenarios. Lastly, we apply our methodology to the FREEDOMS clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00289978) in patients with relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis.
French Military and Civil Deployment in Ottoman Istanbul During the Crimean War (1853–1856)
Authors: Duran Saltuk
Published: June 2022

Based mainly on original French archival sources, this paper discusses the conduct and extent of French military and civil activities in Ottoman Istanbul during the Crimean War. Using both qualitative and quantitative indicators, the paper shows how the necessities generated by the war, promoted an unprecedented growth in the French military and civil presence in Istanbul. Through this approach, the paper explains to what degree the war created new market opportunities for various French products and services, a favourable environment for the establishment of French hospitals, and also occasions for cultural encounters between the French and the Ottomans in Istanbul.
Challenging What We Think We Know: Theory and Evidence for Questioning Common Beliefs About the Gender Gap in Entrepreneurial Confidence
Authors: Jennings Jennifer E. , Rahman Zahid , Dempsey Dianna
Published: June 2022

Skeptical of prevailing depictions and recommendations regarding the gender gap in entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), our aim is to raise and examine alternative interpretations and inferences. We question the common belief that women are under-confident with respect to entrepreneurship and whether this is a “problem” that needs fixing. The findings from two distinct datasets indicate, instead, that women are as likely as men to possess accurate entrepreneurial confidence, which is less likely than over-confidence to be associated with proclivities potentially detrimental to business venturing. Our analysis therefore calls for revised portrayals of—and suggestions for—the ESE of both women and men.