bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Flow Characteristics of Rubber Compounds in an Extruder Screw
Authors: Brzoskowski Ryszard , Kubota Kazuhisa , Chung Kiho , White James L. , Weissert Frederick C. , Nakajima Nobuyuki , Min Kyonsuku
Published: March 2022

We describe an experimental and theoretical study of the mechanisms of flow of rubber compounds in a screw extruder. Two compounds, a typical synthetic rubber (butadiene-styrene copolymer-cis-1, 4 polybutadiene) based passenger tire tread (PTT) and a natural rubber based truck tire tread (TTT), were investigated in a 112${}^{1}/{}_{2}$inch NRM cold feed screw extruder using a screw with a constant channel depth and constant channel pitch along the whole screw length. The rubber was cured in place and the screw removed. The screw exhibited starvation behavior except near the die. The length of the rubber strip in the screw is proportional to the pressure developed at the die. Marker studies showed transverse circulating flows beginning in the region immediately downstream from the hopper. These observations indicate that cold feed extruders exhibit a metering region flow, albeit sometimes starved, from entry port to die. Under these conditions the extruder is independent of the pressure developed in the screw channel. A simple non-Newtonian isothermal mathematical model for the metering zone is described. The rubber compound is considered as a pseudoplastic material with a yield value. A comparison of theory and experiment shows that a one dimensional isothermal model quite accurately predicts the flow rate pressure development of the rubber compound in our screw (with a shallow prismatic channel) when starvation is considered. The yield value of the rubber compound influences screw characteristic curves only for very high values of the dimensionless pressure gradient.
Development of a Novel Transcription Molding Process to Fabricate Sophisticated Polymer Products with Precise Microstructure and High Transparency Applicable to Display Devices and Bio-chips
Authors: Ito H. , Satoh I. , Saito T. , Yakemoto K.
Published: March 2022

In this study, we developed a novel transcription-molding process and experimentally discussed its validity for fabricating polymer products having the precise microstructure on the surface. The process was named “Melt-Transcription Process” which consists of two characteristic stages; coating and compression. In the coating stage, a molten polymer is coated on the surface of a metal mold having the precise microstructure by a coating device specially designed in this study. The thickness of the coated polymer melt is typically 100 μm or more. Immediately after coating, the coated polymer is compressed against the mold surface so as to make the polymer flow into the microstructure cavities engraved on the mold, and to fabricate the 3-dimensional structure of polymer products. The pressure required for compression is quite lower than that in conventional nano-imprinting process, because the molten polymer of high temperature is distributed in advance over the mold surface in the coating stage.

The “Melt-Transcription Process” was applied to fabricate polymer products with the size of 150 mm in length, 150 mm in width and 1 mm in thickness, having the microstructure of tens micrometers on their surface. Cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) and Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were used as the polymer materials, and the dimensions and transcription ratios (the ratio of the height of the transcribed microstructure to the depth of the microstructure on the mold) of the molded microstructure were experimentally evaluated. As a result, by the Melt-Transcription Process, the microstructure was sufficiently transcribed on a very thin substrate of large surface area with high transcription ratios, typically 95% or more, under relatively low compression pressure of less than 10 MPa.

The process was also applied for fabricating products with a range of thicknesses and we could experimentally verify that products composed of a membrane of 80 μm thickness and a surrounding frame with 1.95 mm thickness were successfully molded. Furthermore, we fabricated a micro-lens array product by using film grade PMMA with relatively higher viscosity in a product having 125 μm in thickness and a size of 102 mm × 102 mm.
The crystal structure of (E)-3-chloro-2-(2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyridine, C12H9ClFN3
Authors: Zheng Bin-Yu , Sun Na-Bo , Chen Xue-Song , Liu Xing-Hai
Published: March 2022

C12H9ClFN3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.120(4) Å, b = 13.823(6) Å, c = 16.480(7) Å, β = 91.744(8)°, V = 2304.4(17) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0402, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0932, T = 113.15 K.
Nietzsche: Culture Warrior or a Sign of the Times?
Authors: Bishop Paul
Published: March 2022

A century and a half after theKulturkampfin Germany, and three decades after James Davison Hunter’s account of the “culture warriors,” this book review examines what Nietzsche might have to say to us today about our understanding of the past and our relation to the future. It considers two studies of the four essays of Nietzsche’sUnzeitgemässe Betrachtungentaken as a whole, one study of Nietzsche’s second essay on history, one on Nietzsche’s general conception of decadence and culture, and a collection of essays on Nietzsche’s views of history and memory. Taken together, these studies not only complement (rather than contradict) each other in respect of their readings of theUnzeitgemässe Betrachtungenand the question of culture, they also throw light on other aspects of Nietzsche by reminding us of the rootedness of Nietzsche’s thought in the outlook of Weimar classicism and highlighting the vitalist aspects of Nietzsche’s thought. The review concludes that Nietzsche is more timely than ever, not least because of his critique of education, as well as his attention to such key themes as identity politics,Erinnerungskultur, and museumization; it is still possible to agree with Nietzsche’s sentiments as expressed in a motto from an early notebook of July 1862: “I prefer the past to the present; but I believe in a better future.”
Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of golden chamomile (Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Schultz Bip)
Authors: Yousefbeyk Fatemeh , Hemmati Ghazaleh , Gholipour Ziba , Ghasemi Saeed , Evazalipour Mehdi , Schubert Clara , Koohi Diba E. , Böhm Volker
Published: March 2022

Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Schultz Bip. (Asteraceae), known as golden chamomile, has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents of total extract and different fractions of this plant were determined. The antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities were also evaluated. Moreover, the phenolic profiles of selected fractions were determined by HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis. Results demonstrated total phenolic contents of 37.8–57.2 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid contents of 3.0–111.2 mg QE/g. The ethyl acetate and methanol fractions (EF and MF) had the highest concentrations of phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid compounds. In both DPPH radical scavenging assay and phosphomolybdenum reduction assay, EF showed the best antioxidant activity, followed by MF. EF and MF indicated also the best antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis (MIC 1.56 and 12.5 mg ml−1) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 0.78 and 12.5 mg ml−1). Hexane fraction (HF) had no antibacterial effect. None of the samples had antifungal effect. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay revealed for EF and HF the highest antiproliferative activities (IC50 values ranged from 111.8 to 294.6 μg ml−1). The presence of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside in MF, and p-coumaric acid in EF was confirmed and quantified.
Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Artemia urumiana extract and five different thermal accelerated techniques: fabrication and characterization
Authors: Zinsaz Paniz , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda , Anarjan Navideh , Nekoueifard Ali , Javadi Afshin
Published: March 2022

Artemia urumiana is bisexual population of the Lake Urmia of Iran. Its biomass was freeze dried and using its lyophilized powder, hydro-alcoholic extract was prepared and utilized in gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) synthesis. Six different Au NPs fabrication methods namely: microwave heating, hydrothermal, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, ultrasonication, common heating using conventional heating, and self-assembling were utilized for Au NPs synthesis using A. urumiana extract. Gas chromatography analysis indicated that the prepared extract were contained numerous fatty acid methyl esters such as Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester. Results indicated that the formed NPs using heater and stirrer, and UV irradiation had minimum particle size of 25 and 94 nm, respectively. However, as compared to the formed Au NPs using heater and stirrer technique, UV irradiation fabricated Au NPs with high zeta potential value of −32.5 mV and small polydispersity value of 0.310. Results also demonstrated that the synthesized Au NPs using heater and stirrers, and UV irradiation had highest antioxidant activities of 13.7 and 11.9%, and bactericidal effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aurous bacteria strains, as compared to other fabricated Au NPs using other methods. There were insignificant (p > 0.05) differences between these two attributes of the formed Au NPs.
Minimal Phrase Composition Revealed by Intracranial Recordings
Authors: Murphy Elliot , Woolnough Oscar , Rollo Patrick S. , Roccaforte Zachary J. , Segaert Katrien , Hagoort Peter , Tandon Nitin
Published: March 2022

The ability to comprehend phrases is an essential integrative property of the brain. Here, we evaluate the neural processes that enable the transition from single-word processing to a minimal compositional scheme. Previous research has reported conflicting timing effects of composition, and disagreement persists with respect to inferior frontal and posterior temporal contributions. To address these issues, 19 patients (10 male, 9 female) implanted with penetrating depth or surface subdural intracranial electrodes, heard auditory recordings of adjective-noun, pseudoword-noun, and adjective-pseudoword phrases and judged whether the phrase matched a picture. Stimulus-dependent alterations in broadband gamma activity, low-frequency power, and phase-locking values across the language-dominant left hemisphere were derived. This revealed a mosaic located on the lower bank of the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), in which closely neighboring cortical sites displayed exclusive sensitivity to either lexicality or phrase structure, but not both. Distinct timings were found for effects of phrase composition (210–300 ms) and pseudoword processing (∼300–700 ms), and these were localized to neighboring electrodes in pSTS. The pars triangularis and temporal pole encoded anticipation of composition in broadband low frequencies, and both regions exhibited greater functional connectivity with pSTS during phrase composition. Our results suggest that the pSTS is a highly specialized region composed of sparsely interwoven heterogeneous constituents that encodes both lower and higher level linguistic features. This hub in pSTS for minimal phrase processing may form the neural basis for the human-specific computational capacity for forming hierarchically organized linguistic structures.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLinguists have claimed that the integration of multiple words into a phrase demands a computational procedure distinct from single-word processing. Here, we provide intracranial recordings from a large patient cohort, with high spatiotemporal resolution, to track the cortical dynamics of phrase composition. Epileptic patients volunteered to participate in a task in which they listened to phrases (red boat), word-pseudoword or pseudoword-word pairs (e.g., red fulg). At the onset of the second word in phrases, greater broadband high gamma activity was found in posterior superior temporal sulcus in electrodes that exclusively indexed phrasal meaning and not lexical meaning. These results provide direct, high-resolution signatures of minimal phrase composition in humans, a potentially species-specific computational capacity.
The Evolving Terrorism Threat in Europe
Authors: Pantucci Raffaello
Published: March 2022

The threat of mass-casualty terrorist attacks in Europe directed by international organizations may have subsided, but the threat is in many respects now more menacing that ever. Lone-actor attacks motivated by a confused mixture of ideologies, often combined with mental health issues, are increasingly the norm, and are harder to detect and prevent. A rising extreme right, meanwhile, is increasingly mirroring violent Islamist groups. In these varied forms, terrorism continues to strike at the heart of European identity and liberal ideals, playing out against a backdrop of anti-immigrant sentiment and high levels of political polarization.
Holistic Module Learning: An Experiment in Teaching Reform of Basic Education in China
Authors: Zhao Fengping
Published: March 2022

In the context of China’s social transformation and educational reform, addressing the problems of fragmented and ineffective learning in traditional teaching modes and enhancing students’ academic levels and developing their comprehensive abilities through structured classroom learning have become critical issues in educational reform. The holistic module learning model emerges in this context as the times dictate. It promotes the development of a systematic and holistic view of knowledge for all subjects by teachers and students. Students use major concepts to connect disparate knowledge, skills, and methods in order to develop a persistent and transferable understanding of knowledge and cognitive and noncognitive abilities. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a conceptual analysis of holistic module learning and to discuss its characteristics. The implementation strategies for this model are discussed, as well as the model’s significance.
Effective Design and Implementation of Task-Driven Learning in High School Physics: Citing the Lesson on Composition and Resolution of Forces as a Case Study
Authors: Xu Liangliang , Zhang Yong , Jin Cheng
Published: March 2022

One of the primary characteristics of the holistic module learning model is task-driven learning. In this learning model, a task is a distinct activity or collection of distinct activities designed to assist students in achieving learning objectives. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effective design and implementation of task-driven learning using the composition and resolution of forces lesson as a case study. On the basis of the lesson study, the principles of task-driven learning design are summarized and some recommendations for task-driven learning implementation are made.
Immanuel Kant's Challenge to Political Science
Authors: Jokubaitis Alvydas , Jokubaitis Linas
Published: March 2022

The aim of the paper is to prove the incompatibility of Kantian philosophy with empirical political science. The nonexistence of such a science in Kant’s structure of reason is not a coincidence that was determined by historical contingencies, it is a necessary position of his teaching. The domination of morality in Kant’s conception of practical reason does not leave any room for empirical science of politics. Firstly, introduction of methods borrowed from the natural sciences would lead to the demoralization of politics. Secondly, empirical science of politics deforms our understanding of politics. Thirdly, when politics is divorced from morality it loses its ontological foundation. Empirical science of politics that only attempts to investigate facts is incapable of understanding the role of ideas and for this reason does not distinguish between empirical and conceptual factors. Such a science does not recognize the human person as a free subject of morality and sees him as a consequence of external factors. Finally, political science that is divorced from morals deforms understanding of practical reason.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IV
Authors: Lasari Vetty Norma , Zuhri Anis Fuadah , Widiyanto Rohmat
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya peningkatan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPA melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share di kelas IV-A MI Nurul Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan model Kurt Lewin yang terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Penelitian dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus, setiap siklusnya terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari 34 siswa kelas IV-A MI Nurul Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pada siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil observasi aktivitas siswa memperoleh rata-rata nilai dari 75 menjadi 80. Hasil tes belajar siswa memperoleh rata-rata nilai dari 70,25 menjadi 80,56. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan hasil tes belajar (posttest) yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share mampu meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV-A.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Zoom Terhadap Hasil Belajar PPkn Siswa Kelas IV MI Al-Wathoniyah 43 Jakarta Utara
Authors: Jamilah Mimi , Widiyanto Rohmat
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan  Untuk mengetahui Bagaimana hasil belajar siswa  pada materi Pancasila menggunakan media pembelajaran Zoom dan Adakah pengaruh media pembelajaran Zoom terhadap hasil belajar aspek pengetahuan pada materi Pancasila. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MI Al-Wathoniyah 43 Jakarta Utara. Penelitian ini berlangsung pada bulan September. Metode penelitian ini digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan disain Nonequivalent control Group Design. Sampel yang diambil adalah kelas IVA dengan jumlah 10 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan instrumen tes berupa soal pilihan ganda dan non-tes berupa angket. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh hasil belajar siswa PPKn. Dengan hasil hipotesis terhadap data postest menunjukan pengolahan data menggunakan pengujian hipotesis (uji-t) menggunakan program SPSS yang memperoleh nilai-niali (sig.2-tailed) dengan taraf signifikansi 5% (0,05). Hasil pengujian hipotesis (uji-t) tersebut menunjukan hasil akhir bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan media pembelajaran zoom lebih tinggi dibandingkan rata-rata hasil belajar tanpa menggunakan media pembelajaran zoom. Dan berdasarkan hasil analisis data nontes berdasarkan respon siswa terhadap media pembelajaran zoom dengan nilai persentase 86%
Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar dan Kedisiplinan Saat Home Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Kelas IV MI Al-Mursyidiyyah
Authors: Malika Linda , Takiddin Takiddin
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh motivasi belajar dan kedisiplin saat Home Learning terhadap hasil belajar IPS kelas IV MI Al-Mursyidiyyah. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian ex-post facto. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik Probability Sampling jenis simple Random Sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode angket dan dokumentasi. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif presentase dan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil analisis diperolah harga koefisien korelasi (Ry(1,2)) sebesar 0,306, koefisien korelasi tersebut bernilai positif maka terdapat pengaruh positif variabel motivasi belajar dan kedisiplinan saat Home Learning terhadap hasil belajar IPS. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R2y(1,2)) sebesar 0,093 atau 9,3% yang berarti bahwa motivasi belajar dan kedisiplinan saat Home Learning mampu menjelaskan 9,3% perubahan hasil belajar.
Analisis Aktivitas Belajar Multisensori Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran Tematik Kelas IV MI Al Husna Lebak Bulus
Authors: Muscahyanti Alfiani , Latip Asep Ediana
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis aktivitas belajar multisensori peserta didik dalam pembelajaran tematik kelas IV MI Al Husna Lebak Bulus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara. Pengambilan data menggunakan nonprobability sampling dengan teknik sampling jenuh, di mana sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 48 peserta didik kelas IV. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menghitung rata-rata hasil kuesioner aktivitas belajar multisensori peserta didik menggunakan rumus Weight Means Score (WMS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik kelas IV MI Al Husna Lebak Bulus sering melakukan aktivitas belajar multisensori dalam pembelajaran tematik. Hasil tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan perolehan rata-rata aktivitas belajar multisensori peserta didik kelas IV MI Al Husna Lebak Bulus yaitu sebesar 3,78. Dalam analisis Weight Means Score (WMS), hasil tersebut menunjukkan kategori baik.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis aktivitas belajar multisensori peserta didik dalam pembelajaran tematik kelas IV MI Al Husna Lebak Bulus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara. Pengambilan data menggunakan nonprobability sampling dengan teknik sampling jenuh, di mana sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 48 peserta didik kelas IV. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menghitung rata-rata hasil kuesioner aktivitas belajar multisensori peserta didik menggunakan rumus Weight Means Score (WMS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik kelas IV MI Al Husna Lebak Bulus sering melakukan aktivitas belajar multisensori dalam pembelajaran tematik. Hasil tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan perolehan rata-rata aktivitas belajar multisensori peserta didik kelas IV MI Al Husna Lebak Bulus yaitu sebesar 3,78. Dalam analisis Weight Means Score (WMS), hasil tersebut menunjukkan kategori baik.Kata kunci: aktivitas belajar multisensori, pembelajaran tematik, deskripstif  kuantitatif.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Open Ended terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa Kelas IV pada Materi Pecahan
Authors: Suryaningsih Tri , Astuti Maharani Ayu
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Open Ended terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian nonequivalent posttest only group design. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MI Az-Ziyadah dengan jumlah sampel 50 siswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan test Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa dengan bentuk essay (posttest). Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa yang pembelajarannya menggunakan model open ended lebih tinggi dibandingkan siswa yang pembelajarannya menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional model direct instruction. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran matematika pada materi pecahan dengan menggunakan model Open Ended dapat berpengaruh terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa.
Analisis Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rozy Ahmad Ariq , Latip Asep Ediana
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi model pembelajaran jarak jauh pada MIS Al Hidayah Kebayoran Lama Jakarta Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripsi kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan di MIS Al Hidayah, diketahui bahwa implementasi model pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan memanfaatkan beberapa jenis aplikasi, seperti whatsapp, e-learning madarasah, zoom, dan video editing aplikasi, yaitu InShot dan Kine Master untuk membuat video pembelajaran. Faktor pendukung implementasi model pembelajaran jarak jauh pada MIS Al Hidayah antara lain adalah dukungan terhadap sekolah para guru dalam bentuk penyediaan jaringan internet (wifi), dan bantuan Pemerintah kepada siswa dalam bentukpembagian kuota internet. Sementara di antara faktor-faktor penghambatnya adalah: (1) kurangnya pendampingan orang tua terhadap peserta didik, karena kesibukan bekerja, (2) tidak semua siswa memiliki anggaran untuk mengikuti proses pembelajaran jarak jauh, dan (3) materi audio-visual (video). pembelajaran) yang diketengahkan kepada siswa kurang menarik, sehingga berdampak pada menurunnya motivasi dan antusiasme siswa dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran jarak jauh.
ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC HABITS OF MIND ENERGY ISSUES INVENTORY (SHOMEII) INSTRUMENT: RASCH MODEL
Authors: Mulvia Rahmadhani , Ramalis Taufik Ramlan , Efendi Ridwan
Published: March 2022

ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC HABITS OF MIND ENERGY ISSUES INVENTORY (SHOMEII) INSTRUMENT: RASCH MODELAbstractScientific Habits of Mind (SHOM) is a thinking characteristic that individuals have in solving problems and making decisions. SHOM can be accomplished in learning such as physics education through discussion, debate, and issue-based learning. However, the instrument for measuring SHOM in physics education is still immature. The purpose of this research is to develop and identify the quality of the SHOM instrument with energy problems analyzed using Model Rasch. This instrument is known as the Scientific Habits of Mind Energy Issue Inventory (SHOMEII). The development was carried out with the 3D+1I model (defining, designing, developing and implementing), involving 280 high school students with an average age of 17 years and came from West Java, Indonesia. The instruments used were a validation sheet and a SHOMEII consisting of 22 items with 4 answer choices based on the level of confidence. The results of the analysis show that SHOMEII has excellent reliability, good validity, and varying levels of difficulty. Therefore, SHOMEII can be implication as an instrument to measure students' SHOM abilities in physics education.AbstrakScientific Habits of Mind (SHOM) merupakan karakteristik berpikir seperti ilmuwan dalam melakukan sesuatu, memecahkan masalah dan mengambil keputusan. SHOM dapat dilatihkan dengan diskusi, debat dan pembelajaran berbasis isu. Akan tetapi, instrumen untuk mengukur SHOM dalam pendidikan fisika kurang berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan dan mengidentifikasi kualitas instrumen SHOM dengan isu energi yang dianalisis Model Rasch, dikenal dengan Scientific Habits of Mind Energy Issues Inventory (SHOMEII). Metode penelitian ini adalah pengembangan dengan model 3D+1I (defining, designing, developing dan implementing) yang melibatkan 280 peserta didik SMA berasal dari Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi dan SHOMEII terdiri dari 22 item dengan 4 pilihan jawaban berdasarkan tingkat kepercayaan. Hasil analisis, SHOMEII memiliki reliabilitas yang sangat baik, validitas yang baik dan tingkat kesukaran yang beragam. Oleh karena itu, SHOMEII dapat diimplikasikan sebagai instrumen untuk kemampuan SHOM peserta didik pada pendidikan fisika.
Evaluating Psychometric Properties of the Stress Measurement Instrument (the Operational and Organizational Police Stress Questionnaires) with the Application of Rasch Model in the Indonesian Nasional Police (INP)
Authors: Argo Abi Risa Bayu , Yulianto Heri , Nuryanto Dwi
Published: March 2022

Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) is a questionnaire developed by McCreary and Thompson (2006) to measure stress exercised by the police. The development of this questionnaire is based on the reason that the previous stress measuring instruments only measure general stressors and can’t describe specific stressors, especially in types of work that exert high level of stress. This study aims to evaluate the Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) instrument consists of two instruments, namely the Operational Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-Op) and the Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-Org), each containing 20 items with seven-point Likert scale for police officers in Indonesia. Respondents in this study were 313 police officers who served in the National Police Headquarters work unit (32.9%), Regional Police (38.3%), Resort Police (19.5%) and Sector Police (9.3%). The data collection technique used non-probability sampling with the help of the google form application. The method used is the Rating Scale Model (RSM). The results show that the Indonesian version of the Police Stressor Questionnaire (PSQ) is proven to meet unidimensional assumptions and the reliability analysis for person and items shows a strong level of reliability. However, the Rasch RSM analysis found violations of the assumption of local independence and problematic discrimination at specific thresholds (threshold disorder) in the seven response categories used. Furthermore, the results of the application of the Rasch Model Rating Scale model show that the psychometric facts of the two research instruments are very good and precise, as well as the suitability of the items to the model. Implications and suggestions for future research are also presented in the discussion.
Construct validity of Subjective Well-being by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Indonesian caregivers of Intellectually disabled children
Authors: Ratnasari Risa Dwi , Truong Vuong , Sumiati Neneng Tati
Published: March 2022

Bringing up a child with disabilities has particular challenges and demands as these children's disabilities may cause certain impacts on their caregivers' well-being. In most of the studies, caregivers exhibited high scores of negative emotions that led to low subjective well-being. The effort to improve caregivers' well-being has been being carried out and one of the ways through subjective well-being research. Diener et al. (2009) define Subjective Well-Being (SWB) as the person’s evaluation of their life events in terms of cognitive and affective aspects. The higher rating score of these aspects, the higher level of SWB of the person. The aspects of SWB could be well measured if the instrument has good psychometric properties. The validity of the instruments is crucial to produce good quality research. In the present study, we examined the construct validity of the SWB using Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) scales. The data was collected from 209 parents who had children with intellectual disability in Tangerang and Jakarta. The construct was validated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in the software R version 3.6.2. The EFA results showed that the construct consisted of four factors: one for the cognitive aspect, one for positive affect, and two for negative affects. The CFA results further demonstrated that this model fitted the empirical data.
Pengembangan Asesmen Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Berbasis Computer Based Test (CBT) pada Materi Induksi Elektromagnetik
Authors: Pranata Bayu , Suyatna Agus , Rosidin Undang
Published: March 2022

The research objective was to produce assessment product for Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) using Computer Based Test (CBT) with four types of HOTS questions (true or false, multiple choices, fill in the blank and matching). It applied the basis of factual, conceptual, procedural and metacognitive-knowledge dimensions with illustrations in the form of discourse, images, graphics, videos, animation and interactive stimulation and feedback after going through the stages of logical validation, empirical validation and respondent questionnaires. Assessment product HOTS using CBT was implemented to Senior High School students in the learning process of physics subject through R&D research steps proposed by Borg and Gall that aimed to stimulate higher-order thinking skills. This is a development research in which the method was conducted by giving HOTS test questions using CBT to measure students’ HOTS profiles and distributing practical questionnaires related to students’ perceptions toward assessment products of HOTS using CBT. The data collection technique was carried out using expert validation sheet and respondent questionnaire. Then, the collected data was analyzed in descriptive quantitative. The analysis showed that the logical validity obtained from expert validation on HOTS assessment using CBT was 81% with a valid category. Empirical validity was obtained from students’ HOTS test results using CBT which showed that the four types of questions were able to measure students’ HOTS. In addition, students’ responses on practical aspects were 86.75% with a very practical category. The results of the data showed that the development of assessment product of HOTS using CBT in electromagnetic induction material for Physics subject in Senior High School is already valid and practical. Thus, it was concluded that the development of HOTS assessment using CBT has already contained the right stimulus and is able to encourage students to think using HOTS.
Uji Validitas Konstruk Pembentukan Karakter Moral Remaja
Authors: Layyinah Layyinah , Roebianto Adiyo
Published: March 2022

Moral is an important thing in a person's character. However, today Indonesian society has experienced many moral setbacks, especially among adolescents. This causes a moral crisis in adolescents. Although the crisis was realized, it was never known empirically about the moral crisis that occurred. This study intends to test the construct validity of the moral character instrument by means of a confirmatory factor analysis approach. The author's moral character instrument is compiled using a Likert model. Participants in this study were junior high and high school students in two different schools with a total of 153 (n = 153). The results of the CFA analysis show that the multidimensional model on moral instruments is declared fit with the data. However, there are several notes regarding the considerable number of invalid statement items on moral instruments.
Argumentation and Persuasion Strategies in The Qur'an (The Story of Noah PBUH) | الحجاج في القرآن واستراتيجيات الإقناع: قصة نوح عليه السلام أنموذجا
Authors: Benyahia Naous
Published: March 2022

In general, this research aims primarily to highlight the most important persuasion strategies in the discourse of debate in the Qur'an through the conversations of Prophet Noah PBUH with his people. The story of Noah in delivering his preaching is mentioned several times in the Qur'an and its commentaries, especially in the Ruh al-Ma’any by Alusi and the Al-Hijjaj fi Al-Qur'an by Abdullah Shoula. Also, the other purpose is to show that the argumentation practice has existed since earlier time in the human history and argued Western research which states that Greece was the first to introduce arguments with the Sophists, Aristotle and others. Through the descriptive-analytical inductive approach, the article explores the subject of this research to explain clearly. This issue has been dealt with numbers of studies before but they did not focus on the practical side, and this is the main point differing this research to others.
Elaboration and Use of Communication Media in Teaching and Learning The Arabic Language for Foreigners | اندماج وسائل الاتصال واستخدامه في تعليم وتعلم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها
Authors: Safidin Ahmed
Published: March 2022

This paper addresses the issue of teaching and learning the Arabic language for non-native speakers through its focus on an integrated vision of the means of communication. Through the descriptive method the process of employing communication techniques in teaching and learning the Arabic language for non-native speakers through three topics. The first topic deals with teaching and learning the Arabic language for non-native speakers, and the second topic deals with the employment and use of communication methods in this matter, and the third topic is a vision on strengthening the relationship between Sudan and the Republic of Indonesia, through the establishment of a Sudanese Center for Distance Education to spread the Arabic language and Islamic sciences.The paper concluded that the adoption of audio and visual laboratories in teaching Arabic in various stages of study, in addition to traditional methods, can create an attractive environment to contribute to teaching the Arabic language for non-native speakers and upgrade the skills of Arabic writing by adopting the concept of paper and network research. The research analysis relied on some primary references and secondary sources, which were available to the researcher.This research is distinguished from other previous research in a number of points. One of them is the ground on which the researcher relies on the specialization in the field of media, as he addresses the issue of the Arabic language from several approaches that combine education, media and linguistics to achieve the goals of the research within the framework of knowledge integration between science.
Legal Studies and Muslim Scholars Opinion on the Indonesia's National Health Insurances | فتوى مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي عن التأمين الاجتماعي (BPJS) في إندونيسيا
Authors: A. Latif Husni Mubarak
Published: March 2022

The article would like to discuss on fatwa (Islamic legal opinion) of Social Insurance (BPJS) issued by The Council of Indonesian Ulama (MUI) in 2015. By using the contents of fatwa as the main data source to be analyzed, this article would like to dig in depth and elaborate more what are the reasons as well as legal reasoning that drove MUI in issuing such fatwa? What aspects of BPJS practices those are not in accordance with Islamic sharia law? This fatwa, however, is in line with previous fatwa which has been issued by MUI in year 2001 on Guideline for Islamic Insurance. This article finds that in MUI’s view, the operational system of BPJS still shackled within the framework of conventional insurance so that should be converted into sharia insurance framework to avoid speculative, uncertainty and usury which are the most forbidden things within Islamic sharia.
The Qur’an’s Point of View on Women as Shepherds in Teaching Islamic Rulings in Society | وجهة نظر القرآن حول المرأة باعتبارها راعية في تعليم الأحكام الشرعية في المجتمع
Authors: Hasan Hamka , Mazaya Atrasina
Published: March 2022

The research aims to know the role of women in teaching legal rulings before society in Surat An-Nahl: 125, a comparative study between the interpretations of Al-Bahr Al-Moheet and Nizam Al-Durar in the proportion of verses and surahs. As for the research method, it is the comparative method, which is that the interpreter relies on a group of Qur’anic verses in one place, so he explores the views of the interpreters following what was written in the interpretation of that sentence of verses by describing the methods of interpretation of Sheikh Abi Hayyan Al-Andalusi and Sheikh Burhan Al-Din Al-Baq’i through their interpretations, and then I analyze their ideas about the role of women in teaching Islamic rulings before society in Islam in Surat An-Nahl, verse 125, and then compare their opinion with the discussion. As for the method of this research, it is a library method by collecting information from sources and references related to the topic from books of interpretation. and the sciences of the Qur’an. One of the results of this research is that the Sufi color that approached the interpretation of Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi and learned the occasion when interpreting the Bekaa’i, this interpretation was able to draw the role of women in teaching the legal rulings before the community. Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi and al-Biqaa’i said that God commands the caller to call to the religion of Islam with wisdom, i.e. the Qur’an, and by the preaching of the Qur’an, he means by good exhortation and by means of arguing with kindness and gentleness. This is the way to achieve success in the field of calling to the path of God.
Diagnostic Error in Pediatrics: A Narrative Review
Authors: Marshall Trisha L. , Rinke Michael L. , Olson Andrew P.J. , Brady Patrick W.
Published: March 2022

A priority topic for patient safety research is diagnostic errors. However, despite the significant growth in awareness of their unacceptably high incidence and associated harm, a relative paucity of large, high-quality studies of diagnostic error in pediatrics exists. In this narrative review, we present what is known about the incidence and epidemiology of diagnostic error in pediatrics as well as the established research methods for identifying, evaluating, and reducing diagnostic errors, including their strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, we highlight that pediatric diagnostic error remains an area in need of both innovative research and quality improvement efforts to apply learnings from a rapidly growing evidence base. We propose several key research questions aimed at addressing persistent gaps in the pediatric diagnostic error literature that focus on the foundational knowledge needed to inform effective interventions to reduce the incidence of diagnostic errors and their associated harm. Additional research is needed to better establish the epidemiology of diagnostic error in pediatrics, including identifying high-risk clinical scenarios, patient populations, and groups of diagnoses. A critical need exists for validated measures of both diagnostic errors and diagnostic processes that can be adapted for different clinical settings and standardized for use across varying institutions. Pediatric researchers will need to work collaboratively on large-scale, high-quality studies to accomplish the ultimate goal of reducing diagnostic errors and their associated harm in children by addressing these fundamental gaps in knowledge.
THE DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY OF THE AURICLE AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS WITH AURICULAR ACUPUNCTURE/AURICULOTHERAPY
Authors: C. Bozer C. Bozer
Published: March 2022

Auricular acupuncture/auriculotherapy is a treatment based on the detection and stimulation of acupuncture points on the auricle. The embryological hypothesis of ear acupuncture was launched in the 1970’s by Bourdiol of France. All organs develop from the foetus’s three germ layers, the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. The ear is one of the few anatomic structures of the human body which is developed from each of these three primary tissue types.
The internal organs except for the heart and the kidneys develop from the endoderm. The endodermal organs are represented in the concha and this part of the ear is innervated mainly by the vagus nerve. The skin, endocrine and nervous systems develop from the ectoderm. These organs are represented in the tail of the helix and the lobule. These parts of the ear are innervated mostly by a branch of cervical plexus. The locomotor and lymphatic systems develop from the mesoderm tissue. These organs are to be found represented in the antihelix, the scapha and fossa triangularis of the auricle. The trigeminal nerve innervates these areas on the auricle.
In the context of these embryological and anatomical knowledge, auricular acupuncture is described with its clinical implications.
The Yogayājñavalkya – Krishnamacharya’s Main Source on Kuṇḍalinī
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: March 2022

The Yogayājñavalkya was Krishnamacharya’s source text on kuṇḍalinī. This chapter contains the first detailed critical analysis of translations of the Yogayājñavalkya by two of Krishnamacharya’s long-term students: T.K.V. Desikachar (Krishnamacharya’s son) and A.G. Mohan. It argues that these translators misrepresent the Yogayājñavalkya in different ways. Desikachar mistranslated the Yogayājñavalkya by introducing concepts not in the original Sanskrit text, thereby relocating kuṇḍalinī from the navel to the perineum. Mohan changed the original Sanskrit of one verse without informing his readers, conveniently avoiding content that contradicts Krishnamacharya’s position.
Kuṇḍalinī in Other Vaiṣṇava Texts
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: March 2022

Chapter 3 builds upon the work of academics including James Mallinson, Lidia Schwartz-Linder and Dominic Wujastyk and greatly expands upon their contributions to trace the textual origins of Krishnamacharya’s teachings on kuṇḍalinī. It shows how verses from the Yogayājñavalkya came from the Vasiṣṭhasaṁhitā, which in turn took some of those verses from the Pādmasaṁhitā – a text of the Vaiṣṇava (Viṣṇu- worshiping) sect of temple priests known as Pāñcarātra. The chapter traces similar teachings to another Pāñcarātra text, the Ahirbudhnyasaṁhitā. It presents lengthy translations from previously untranslated sections of the Ahirbudhnyasaṁhitā, together with original observations about the inconsistency of that text in relation to kuṇḍalinī. The chapter also identifies similar teachings in the rival Vaiṣṇava sect of Vaikhānasa.
The Symbolism of Serpents
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: March 2022

Chapter 5 critically analyses and evaluates claims from two prominent teachers in the tradition, A.G. Mohan and Kausthub Desikachar (Krishnamacharya’s grandson), who both attempted to validate Krishnamacharya’s teachings about the serpent of kuṇḍalinī by putting it into a wider cultural context. Building upon the theoretical framework of Laurie Cozad (2004), this chapter will be the first published work showing how snakes are used in South Asian texts to represent something to be overcome: māyā (illusion / magic), avidyā (nescience / spiritual ignorance), ajñāna (nescience / spiritual ignorance), ahaṁkāra (ego), ahaṁmāna (egotism), abhimāna (erroneous self- conception), māna (pride), and moha (delusion) – the deadly poison of saṁsāra (rebirth). The chapter shows that this stream of South Asian thought, in which snakes represent something to be overcome, is consistent with Krishnamacharya’s use of the term kuṇḍalinī to represent a blockage to prāṇa. However, even when writers use snakes to represent something to be overcome in some contexts, it does not necessarily follow that they use kuṇḍalinī in the same way.
Workforce Characteristics, Workplace and Job Satisfaction, Stress, Burnout, and Happiness of Music Therapists in the United States
Authors: Meadows Anthony , Eyre Lillian , Gollenberg Audra
Published: March 2022

This survey research examined the work lives of music therapists in the United States. With the inclusion of data on salary, workplace and job satisfaction, stress, burnout, and happiness, a comprehensive picture of the working lives of music therapists emerges. On the whole, music therapists appear to be generally happy with their workplace and job conditions and to experience moderate stress and low burnout. Data regarding salaries reveal a complex economic landscape. Although the average full-time salary of a music therapist was $51,099.69, salaries varied widely, with newly credentialed music therapists and those with less than six years of experience reporting lower average salaries. Variations in salaries, stress, burnout, and happiness were also evident across workplaces. Implications for the profession, including advocacy efforts, support for early-career professionals, and additional support for career development, invite further discussion.