bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic approaches and materials in restorative and regenerative dentistry: review article
Authors: Singer Lamia , Fouda Ahmed , Bourauel Christoph
Published: February 2023

Biomimetics is a branch of science that explores the technical beauty of nature. The concept of biomimetics has been brilliantly applied in famous applications such as the design of the Eiffel Tower that has been inspired from the trabecular structure of bone. In dentistry, the purpose of using biomimetic concepts and protocols is to conserve tooth structure and vitality, increase the longevity of restorative dental treatments, and eliminate future retreatment cycles. Biomimetic dental materials are inherently biocompatible with excellent physico-chemical properties. They have been successfully applied in different dental fields with the advantages of enhanced strength, sealing, regenerative and antibacterial abilities. Moreover, many biomimetic materials were proven to overcome significant limitations of earlier available generation counterpart. Therefore, this review aims to spot the light on some recent developments in the emerging field of biomimetics especially in restorative and regenerative dentistry. Different approaches of restoration, remineralisation and regeneration of teeth are also discussed in this review. In addition, various biomimetic dental restorative materials and tissue engineering materials are discussed.
Long-term outcomes of cable-suspended suture technique versus conventional suture for anterior vaginal wall prolapse: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Qian , Huang Shuai , Yang Xiaoke , Li Ye , Lv Qiubo
Published: February 2023

Background

Anterior colporrhaphy (AC) is a conventional surgical repair technique for cystocele but with high recurrence rate. We present a novel technique: Cable-suspended structure (CSS) by non-absorbable suture combined with "bridge" formation in surgical treatment of cystocele. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the long-term outcome of CSS technique for anterior vaginal wall repair with AC.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent anterior vaginal wall repair between January 2012 and March 2017 at our center. All the patients were under a follow-up survey. The primary outcomes were objective cure (anterior prolapse POP-Q ≤ stage 1) and subjective cure (no symptoms of bulge or retreatment for prolapse). Secondary outcomes included quality of life (QOL) and patients’ satisfaction, outcomes of site-specific POP-Q points Aa, Ba and C, as well as postoperative complications.

Results

Of 91 included participants, 43 underwent AC and 48 underwent CSS. The proportion of sarcrospinous ligament fixation in the CSS group was higher than in the AC group (81.4% vs. 77.1%, P < 0.05). At a median follow-up of 69 months, the CSS group showed significantly higher objective cure rate compared with the AC group (72.9% vs. 51.2%, odds ratio 2.57, 95%CI 1.07–6.16). After adjusting for sarcrospinous ligament fixation, the CSS group still significantly showed higher objective cure rate (adjusted odds ratio 2.88, 95%CI 1.16–7.21). The proportion of the patients with POP-Q 0 stage in the CSS group was particularly higher than the AC group (25% vs. 7.0%, P = 0.025). There was no difference between the groups with respect to subjective cure, patients’ satisfaction and postoperative complication.

Conclusions

The CSS technique showed better objective outcome than AC, however, subjective cure rate did not significantly differ between the two. Future prospective trial with large-scale should confirm the effectiveness and safety of CSS in sexually active women.
Use of CAM among cancer patients
Authors: Källman Mikael , Bergström Stefan , Carlsson Tobias , Järås Jacob , Holgersson Georg , Nordberg Johanna Hök , Nilsson Jonas , Wode Kathrin , Bergqvist Michael
Published: February 2023

Background

The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by patients is widespread. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the extent and details of patient CAM use in Sweden, especially in rural Sweden. The aim of this study was to estimate the extent and characteristics of CAM use among cancer patients in Region Gävleborg.

Methods

A total of 631 questionnaires were distributed to which 376 responses were registered, yielding a response rate of 59.6%. Questionnaires were distributed to oncology patients at their first visit for curative treatment at the Department of Oncology, Gävle Hospital. Palliative patients were recruited at their first visit and during enrollment in palliative outpatient care in their own homes. The characteristics of the respondents were presented with standard descriptive statistics. A multivariable logistic model was fitted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and identify potential predictors (Age, Gender, Education, Diagnosis) of CAM use post-cancer diagnosis.

Results

54% of all participants reported lifetime CAM use, 34% reported CAM use post-diagnosis. The most common CAM methods used after diagnosis are vitamins, health food preparations, herbal teas, prayer and dietary methods. The most common source of information reported is family and friends. Almost 70% of those who used CAM after their diagnosis stated that they did not discuss their use with healthcare professionals. Most patients reported that they would like some CAM modalities to be offered within conventional care regardless of their own CAM use.

Conclusions

The use of CAM is common among patients with cancer in the region of Gävleborg, and previous studies show a similar use in Sweden in general. Based on the widespread use of CAM and patient interest in discussing CAM use with healthcare professionals, greater attention and focus should be placed on creating a basis for this dialogue. If we, as healthcare professionals, are to emphasise our commitment to providing patient-centred care, we must acknowledge that patients use CAM and are seeking a dialogue about CAM use in their care.
The impact of training chemotherapy safety standards with a smartphone application on the knowledge, attitude, and performance of nurses
Authors: Hojati Zohreh , Goudarzi Fateme , Hasanvand Shirin , Galehdar Nasrin , Birjandi Mehdi
Published: February 2023

Background

Nurses who play the leading role in caring for patients, especially nurses in the chemotherapy department who are constantly exposed to high-risk drugs and their side effects, should pay more attention to occupational safety. This study was performed to determine the effect of training chemotherapy safety standards using a smartphone application on nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and performance.

Methods

The whole enumeration of fifty oncology nurses was recruited who they worked in 3 hospitals affiliated with Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (west of Iran). The study was conducted from June to November 2021. The training was done for four weeks with a smartphone application, including six main courses of familiarity with hazardous drugs, Personal Protective Equipment, preparation, storage and transfer, spilling, and wastes disposal of hazardous drudges . The nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and performance questionnaire were completed before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, descriptive and inferential statistical tests of independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, repeated measures analysis of variance, and the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model.

Results

Mean knowledge score of participants before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention was (47.18 ± 8.19), (60.08 ± 3.82), and (61.88 ± 3.45), respectively. The mean attitude score of participants before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention was (30.34 ± 3.94), (34.32 ± 3.25), and (34.98 ± 2.88), in order, and the mean performance score of participants before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention was (43.60 ± 5.11), (51.78 ± 3.15) and (52.88 ± 3.06), respectively. The mean nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and performance score increased significantly over time (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Teaching chemotherapy safety standards using the application improved oncology nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and performance. Appropriate educational programs, especially by new methods such as E-learning, are recommended for providing safety for nurses.
“There’s a big tag on my head”: exploring barriers to treatment seeking with women who use methamphetamine in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Clifford Brendan , Van Gordon Kate , Magee Fiona , Malone Victoria , Siefried Krista J. , Graham Duncan , Ezard Nadine
Published: February 2023

Background

Australia has a high prevalence of regular use of methamphetamine. While half of people who use methamphetamine regularly are women, they make up only one third of people seeking treatment for methamphetamine use disorder. There is a lack of qualitative research into the facilitators and barriers to treatment for women who use methamphetamine regularly. The study seeks a better understanding of the experiences and treatment preferences of women who use methamphetamine, to inform person-centred changes in practice and policy that break down barriers to treatment.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 women who frequently use methamphetamine (at least once a week), and who are not engaged in treatment. Women were recruited from health services surrounding a stimulant treatment centre at an inner-city hospital. Participants were asked about their methapmhetamine use and health service needs and preferences. Thematic analysis was completed using Nvivo® software.

Results

Three themes were developed from participants’ responses around experiences of regular methamphetamine use and treatment needs: 1. Resistance of stigmatised identity including dependence; 2. Interpersonal violence; 3. Institutionalised stigma. A fourth set of themes on service delivery preferences were also elicited, including continuity of care, integrated health care, and provision of non-judgmental services.

Conclusion

Gender-inclusive health care services for people who use methamphetamine should actively work to address stigma, support a relational approach to assessment and treatment, and seek to provide structurally competent health care that is trauma and violence informed, and integrated with other services. Findings may also have application for substance use disorders other than methamphetamine.
N-thiocarboxyanhydrides, amino acid-derived enzyme-activated H2S donors, enhance sperm mitochondrial activity in presence and absence of oxidative stress
Authors: Pintus Eliana , Chinn Abigail F. , Kadlec Martin , García-Vázquez Francisco Alberto , Novy Pavel , Matson John B. , Ros-Santaella José Luis
Published: February 2023

Background

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors are crucial tools not only for understanding the role of H2S in cellular function but also as promising therapeutic agents for oxidative stress-related diseases. This study aimed to explore the effect of amino acid-derived N-thiocarboxyanhydrides (NTAs), which release physiological H2S levels in the presence of carbonic anhydrase, on porcine sperm function during short-term incubation with and without induced oxidative stress. For this purpose, we employed two H2S-releasing NTAs with release half-lives (t1/2) in the range of hours that derived from the amino acids glycine (Gly-NTA) or leucine (Leu-NTA). Because carbonic anhydrase is crucial for H2S release from NTAs, we first measured the activity of this enzyme in the porcine ejaculate. Then, we tested the effect of Gly- and Leu-NTAs at 10 and 1 nM on sperm mitochondrial activity, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal status, motility, motile subpopulations, and redox balance during short-term incubation at 38 °C with and without a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating system.

Results

Our results show that carbonic anhydrase is found both in spermatozoa and seminal plasma, with activity notably higher in the latter. Both Gly- and Leu-NTAs did not exert any noxious effects, but they enhanced sperm mitochondrial activity in the presence and absence of oxidative stress. Moreover, NTAs (except for Leu-NTA 10 nM) tended to preserve the sperm redox balance against the injuries provoked by oxidative stress, which provide further support to the antioxidant effect of H2S on sperm function. Both compounds also increased progressive motility over short-term incubation, which may translate into prolonged sperm survival.

Conclusions

The presence of carbonic anhydrase activity in mammalian spermatozoa makes NTAs promising molecules to investigate the role of H2S in sperm biology. For the first time, beneficial effects of NTAs on mitochondrial activity have been found in mammalian cells in the presence and absence of oxidative stress. NTAs are interesting compounds to investigate the role of H2S in sperm mitochondria-dependent events and to develop H2S-related therapeutic protocols against oxidative stress in assisted reproductive technologies.
Year-round tick exposure of dogs and cats in Germany and Austria: results from a tick collection study
Authors: Probst Julia , Springer Andrea , Strube Christina
Published: February 2023

Background

Ticks and tick-borne diseases play a major role in companion animal health. Additionally, the European tick fauna is changing, for instance due to the spread of Dermacentor reticulatus, displaying a higher likelihood of winter activity than Ixodes ricinus. Therefore, we investigated current tick infestations in dogs and cats in Germany and in parts of Austria and the seasonal infestation risk.

Methods

Overall, 219 veterinary practices were invited to collect ticks from cats and dogs on a monthly basis. Ticks were morphologically identified and female I. ricinus specimens were measured to estimate attachment duration.

Results

In total, 19,514 ticks, 17,789 (91.2%) from Germany and 1506 (7.7%) from Austria, were received between March 2020 and October 2021, with 10,287 specimens (52.7%) detached from dogs, 8005 from cats (41.0%) and 1222 from other species (6.3%). In Germany, the most common tick species collected from dogs were I. ricinus (78.0%) and D. reticulatus (18.8%), while cats mainly harboured I. ricinus (91.3%) and I. hexagonus (5.5%) and only few D. reticulatus (0.6%). In Austria, collected I. ricinus reached similar proportions in dogs (90.4%) and cats (95.3%), followed by D. reticulatus in both dogs (5.2%) and cats (1.5%), with I. hexagonus (0.9%) collected only marginally from cats. The average infestation intensity amounted to 1.62 ticks/dog and 1.88 ticks/cat. The single to multiple infestation ratio was 79.1% to 20.9% in dogs and 69.0% to 31.0% in cats, with cats being significantly more often multiple infested than dogs, while the proportion of mixed-species infestations was 2.0% for both dogs and cats. The average attachment duration of female I. ricinus specimens amounted to 78.76 h for dogs and 82.73 h for cats. Furthermore, year-round tick exposure was confirmed, with 108 D. reticulatus and 70 I. ricinus received on average per month during December 2020 to February 2021.

Conclusions

The study shows a year-round tick infestation risk, with activity of both D. reticulatus and I. ricinus during winter, and confirms the widespread occurrence of D. reticulatus in Germany. Additionally, long average attachment durations and frequent multiple infestations underline the need for adequate year-round tick control, even during the winter months.

Graphical Abstract
The economic impact of anastomotic leak after colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Flor-Lorente Blas , Noguera-Aguilar José Francisco , Delgado-Rivilla Salvadora , García-González José María , Rodriguez-Martín Marcos , Salinas-Ortega Laura , Casado Miguel Ángel , Álvarez María
Published: February 2023

Objective

To determine the economic impact of the incremental consumption of resources for the diagnosis and treatment of anastomotic leak (AL) in patients after resection with anastomosis for colorectal cancer compared to patients without AL on the Spanish health system.

Method

This study included a literature review with parameters validated by experts and the development of a cost analysis model to estimate the incremental resource consumption of patients with AL versus those without. The patients were divided into three groups: 1) colon cancer (CC) with resection, anastomosis and AL; 2) rectal cancer (RC) with resection, anastomosis without protective stoma and AL; and 3) RC with resection, anastomosis with protective stoma and AL.

Results

The average total incremental cost per patient was €38,819 and €32,599 for CC and RC, respectively. The cost of AL diagnosis per patient was €1018 (CC) and €1030 (RC). The cost of AL treatment per patient in Group 1 ranged from €13,753 (type B) to €44,985 (type C + stoma), that in Group 2 ranged from €7348 (type A) to €44,398 (type C + stoma), and that in Group 3 ranged from €6197 (type A) to €34,414 (type C). Hospital stays represented the highest cost for all groups. In RC, protective stoma was found to minimize the economic consequences of AL.

Conclusions

The appearance of AL generates a considerable increase in the consumption of health resources, mainly due to an increase in hospital stays. The more complex the AL, the higher the cost associated with its treatment.

Interest of the study

it is the first cost-analysis study of AL after CR surgery based on prospective, observational and multicenter studies, with a clear, accepted and uniform definition of AL and estimated over a period of 30 days.
Development outcomes of land tenure formalization under customary and statutory land tenure systems in Tanzania: a multinomial endogenous switching regression approach
Authors: Msangi Haji Athumani , Waized Betty , Löhr Katharina , Sieber Stefan , Ndyetabula Daniel Wilson
Published: February 2023

Background

Land Tenure Formalization (LTF) is long advocated as a policy prescription that fosters growth and reduces poverty in developing countries. However, the empirical evidence on LTF effects is mixed and inconclusive, proving unclear implications for policy. A set of possible conceptual and methodological flaws arising from treating LTF as a dichotomy between formalized and non-formalized alongside potential selectivity biases are amongst the main explanations for the mixed and inconclusive results. Using Tanzania’s National Panel Survey data from the 2014/2015 wave and employing a Selectivity Corrected Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression, this study models the development outcomes of LTF with clear distinction of LTF between customary and statutory land tenure systems in Tanzania.

Findings

The study finds that possession of formal land tenure certificates [Certificate of Customary Right of Occupancy (CCRO) or Certificate of Granted Right of Occupancy (CGRO)] improves perceived land tenure security, but the effect is relatively larger and more significant for CGRO holders than CCRO holders especially in economically high potential areas, where land is becoming more individualized and commoditized. With regard to credit access, our results show variations in the effects between general, formal, and informal credit access. While there is no significant effect of LTF on general access to credit, possessing a CGRO significantly reduces the uptake of informal credit and appears to improve access to formal credit. With regard to land investments, our results show positive and significant effects of LTF on organic and inorganic fertilizer use as well as trees and permanent crops investments, but only for CGRO plots.

Conclusions

The study concludes that the effects of LTF differ significantly between the land tenure systems, thus, treating LTF as a dichotomy between formalized and non-formalized is an oversimplification that could potentially mislead policy decisions. Therefore, the study recommends that the design, implementation and evaluation of LTF programs should recognize this distinction for greater clarity about LFT effects and more meaningful policy messages. The study, further, recommends strategic land policy interventions that aim to enhance land tenure security, especially in high potential areas for more socio-economically optimal outcomes of the interventions.
Risk of diabetes in patients with sleep apnea: Comparison of surgery versus CPAP in a long-term follow-up study
Authors: O'Connor-Reina Carlos , Alcala Laura Rodriguez , Ignacio Jose Maria , Iriarte María Teresa García , Llatas Marina Carrasco , Morente Juan Carlos Casado , del Rey David Perez , Alvarez Irene Marbán , Ibarburu Gema Hernandez , Baptista Peter , Plaza Guillermo
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to obtain a comprehensive view of the risk of developing diabetes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to compare this risk between patients receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy versus upper airway surgery (UAS). We used local and the global-scale federated data research network TriNetX to obtain access to electronic medical records, including those for patients diagnosed with OSA, from health-care organizations (HCOs) worldwide. Using propensity score matching and the score-matched analyses of data for 5 years of follow-up, we found that patients who had undergone UAS had a lower risk of developing diabetes than those who used CPAP (risk ratio 0.415, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.349–0.493). The risk for newly diagnosed diabetes patients showed a similar pattern (hazard ratio 0.382; 95% CI 0.317–0.459). Both therapies seem to protect against diabetes (Risk 0.081 after UAS vs. 0.195 after CPAP). Analysis of the large data sets collected from HCOs in Europe and globally lead us to conclude that, in patients with OSA, UAS can prevent the development of diabetes better than CPAP.

Graphical Abstract
Impact of HCV eradication following direct-acting antivirals on liver stiffness measurement: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Ray Ahmed El , Castera Laurent , Al-Ashry Ahmed , Ghali Sameh
Published: February 2023

Background and study aims

Egypt has been a pioneer in implementing a nationwide HCV screening and treatment program. Assessment of liver fibrosis after HCV eradication is important. The value of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for this purpose is still debated. The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to assess LSM evolution after HCV eradication.

Patients and methods

One-hundred and three HCV patients, treated with a standard DAA regimen (sofosbuvir/daclatasvir for 3 months), underwent LSM before and 24 weeks after the end of treatment. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to baseline LSM (Baveno VI): group 1: patients without compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) (LSM < 10 kPa); group 2: patients with suspected cACLD (LSM 10–15 kPa); and group 3: patients with likely cACLD (LSM > 15 kPa).

Results

The characteristics of patients were as follows: mean age 55 ± 10 years, males 48.5%, andBMI26.31 ± 3.33 kg/m2. All patients were Child–Pugh score A and achieved SVR at W24. A significant LSM decrease was observed at W24 compared to baseline: all patients: 5.8 vs. 8.8 kPa,p = 0.002; group 1: 4.75 vs. 6.0 kPa,p = 0.0001; group 2 11.9 vs. 12.6 kPa,p = 0.042; and group 3: 24.2 vs. 28.3 kPa,p = 0.0001. Group 1 had the highest LSM decline (23.83%), followed by group 3 (14.3%) and group 2 (8.4%).

Conclusion

HCV eradication was associated with a significant LSM decrease in all groups of patients. This is likely related to improvement of fibrosis, but its relation to improvement of necro-inflammation cannot be excluded. Longer follow-up of fibrosis in these patients is needed.
Different channels to transmit information in scattering media
Authors: Zhang Xuyu , Gao Jingjing , Gan Yu , Song Chunyuan , Zhang Dawei , Zhuang Songlin , Han Shensheng , Lai Puxiang , Liu Honglin
Published: February 2023

A communication channel should be built to transmit information from one place to another. Imaging is 2 or higher dimensional information communication. Conventionally, an imaging channel comprises a lens with free space at its both sides, whose transfer function is usually known and hence the response of the imaging channel can be well defined. Replacing the lens with a thin scattering medium, the image can still be extracted from the detected optical field, suggesting that the scattering medium retains or reconstructs not only energy but also information transmission channels. Aided by deep learning, we find that unlike the lens system, there are different channels in a scattering medium: the same scattering medium can construct different channels to match the manners of source coding. Moreover, it is found that without a valid channel, the convolution law for a spatial shift-invariant system (the output is the convolution of the point spread function and the input object) is broken, and in this scenario, information cannot be transmitted onto the detection plane. Therefore, valid channels are essential to transmit information through even a spatial shift-invariant system. These findings may intrigue new adventures in imaging through scattering media and reevaluation of the known spatial shift-invariance in various areas.
Comparative evaluation of dithranol-loaded nanosponges fabricated by solvent evaporation technique and melt method
Authors: Kadian Varsha , Dalal Pooja , Kumar Sunil , Kapoor Archana , Rao Rekha
Published: February 2023

Background

Dithranol, a standard drug for psoriasis, has lured keen attention by virtue of its antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its poor stability and solubility critically impair the formulation design, evaluation and administration. To improve these issues, dithranol was encased in β-cyclodextrin nanosponges using solvent evaporation technique. Previously, nanosponges containing dithranol were developed in our laboratory using melt technique. Herein, a comparison of nanosponges prepared by both techniques was also included.

Results

Different nanosponge batches were engineered using diphenyl carbonate as cross-linker with β-cyclodextrin as polymer employing solvent evaporation technique. Dithranol was loaded in nanosponges via lyophilization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning colorimeter and powdered X-ray diffraction studies confirmed successful encapsulation and complexation of this drug in β-cyclodextrin nanosponges. The effect of a variable amount of cross-linker on the solubility, encapsulation efficiency, zeta potential, particle size and polydispersity index was evaluated in fabricated nanocarriers. Further, β-cyclodextrin nanosponge batches were subjected to solubility studies, photostability examination and antioxidant activity analysis and compared with previously prepared dithranol-loaded nanosponges. From the present studies results, it was concluded that dithranol-loaded nanosponges using solvent evaporation technique not only improved solubility and photostability but also preserved the antioxidant efficacy of the chosen drug.

Conclusion

The overall results emphasized moral guidance concerning encapsulation, evaluation and characterization and accredited dithranol solubilization, photostability and antioxidant potential. However, solvent evaporation and melt method are easy and promising methods to fabricate nanosponges for dithranol. This comparative study demonstrated the parameters which were affected by chosen techniques. Further, from the results of present studies, it was concluded that the formulation scientists should select the preparation technique based on the objective of their research work and requirement of desired features.

Graphical abstract
Neuroimaging in Adults and Children With Epilepsy
Authors: Passaro Erasmo A.
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

This article discusses the fundamental importance of optimal epilepsy imaging using the International League Against Epilepsy–endorsed Harmonized Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Structural Sequences (HARNESS) protocol and the use of multimodality imaging in the evaluation of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. It outlines a methodical approach to evaluating these images, particularly in the context of clinical information.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS

Epilepsy imaging is rapidly evolving, and a high-resolution epilepsy protocol MRI is essential in evaluating newly diagnosed, chronic, and drug-resistant epilepsy. The article reviews the spectrum of relevant MRI findings in epilepsy and their clinical significance. Integrating multimodality imaging is a powerful tool in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy, particularly in “MRI-negative” cases. For example, correlation of clinical phenomenology, video-EEG with positron emission tomography (PET), ictal subtraction single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional MRI, and advanced neuroimaging such as MRI texture analysis and voxel-based morphometry enhances the identification of subtle cortical lesions such as focal cortical dysplasias to optimize epilepsy localization and selection of optimal surgical candidates.

ESSENTIAL POINTS

The neurologist has a unique role in understanding the clinical history and seizure phenomenology, which are the cornerstones of neuroanatomic localization. When integrated with advanced neuroimaging, the clinical context has a profound impact on identifying subtle MRI lesions or finding the “epileptogenic” lesion when multiple lesions are present. Patients with an identified lesion on MRI have a 2.5-fold improved chance of achieving seizure freedom with epilepsy surgery compared with those without a lesion.

 This clinical–radiographic integration is essential to accurate classification, localization, determination of long-term prognosis for seizure control, and identification of candidates for epilepsy surgery to reduce seizure burden or attain seizure freedom.
Risk Factors for Significant Postoperative Hemorrhage After Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Resection: A Case-Control Study of 1066 Surgeries
Authors: Osorio Robert C. , Aabedi Alexander A. , Carson William , Badani Aarav , Chalif Eric , Theodosopoulos Philip V. , Kunwar Sandeep , Aghi Manish K. , Goldschmidt Ezequiel
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:

Postoperative hemorrhage is a rare but potentially serious complication after pituitary surgery. The risk factors for this complication are mostly unknown, and further knowledge would help guide postoperative management.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the perioperative risks and clinical presentation of significant postoperative hemorrhage (SPH) after endonasal surgery for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

METHODS:

A population of 1066 patients undergoing endonasal (microscopic and endoscopic) surgery for pituitary neuroendocrine tumor resection at a high-volume academic center was reviewed. SPH cases were defined as postoperative hematoma evident on imaging requiring return to the operating room for evacuation. Patient and tumor characteristics were analyzed with uni- and multivariable logistic regression, and postoperative courses were descriptively examined.

RESULTS:

Ten patients were found to have SPH. On univariable analysis, these cases were significantly more likely to present with apoplexy (P= .004), have larger tumors (P< .001), and lower gross total resection rates (P= .019). A multivariate regression analysis showed that tumor size (odds ratio 1.94,P= .008) and apoplexy at presentation (odds ratio 6.00,P= .018) were significantly associated with higher odds of SPH. The most common symptoms for patients with SPH were vision deficits and headache, and the median time for symptom onset was 1 day after surgery.

CONCLUSION:

Larger tumor size and presentation with apoplexy were associated with clinically significant postoperative hemorrhage. Patients presenting with pituitary apoplexy are more likely to experience a significant postoperative hemorrhage and should be carefully monitored for headache and vision changes in the days after surgery.
Incidence and risk factors of acute bilirubin encephalopathy in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia presenting at secondary care hospital
Authors: Rauf Saba , Salah ud Din Bushra , Abbas Ghanwa , Nawaz Zeeshan
Published: February 2023

Background & Objectives: In neonates, hyperbilirubinemia is the most common problem. Acute bilirubin encephalopathy is serious problem in less developed nations and their incidence varies with geographical location. Our objective was to find out the incidence and risk factors of acute bilirubin encephalopathy in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia

Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study carried out at the department of pediatrics, THQ Hospital, Pindigheb in Punjab from October 2020 to October 2021. The inclusion criterion for our study was all the neonates of both the gender diagnosed with hyperbilirubinemia. Blood samples were collected from all the neonates and were sent to hospital laboratory for total serum bilirubin (TSB) measurement. The risk factors like delivery place, Rh/ABO incompatibility and preterm delivery were recorded. SPSS version 23 was used to input and analyze all of the data.

Results: In this study, a total of 350 neonates were included. The prevalence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy in our study was 16% (n=56). Seven (12.5%) neonates with acute bilirubin encephalopathy were preterm which was the major significant risk factor for acute bilirubin encephalopathy in hyperbilirubinemia neonates (p<0.05). The other risk factors such as hospital delivery, birth weight, Rh and ABO incompatibility were also observed but were non-significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Our study observed 16% prevalence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. The preterm birth was a significant risk factor associated with the acute bilirubin encephalopathy in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.5996

How to cite this: Rauf S, Salah-ud-Din B, Abbas G, Nawaz Z. Incidence and risk factors of acute bilirubin encephalopathy in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia presenting at secondary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):583-586. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.5996

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Επίδραση του τύπου του τσιμέντου στην ανθεκτικότητα κατασκευών οπλισμένου σκυροδέματος που εκτίθενται στις ελληνικές περιβαλλοντικές συνθήκες
Authors: Τάσσος Χρήστος
Published: February 2023

Το ερευνητικό αντικείμενο της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η διερεύνηση της επίδρασης των διαφορετικών τύπων τσιμέντου στην ανθεκτικότητα των κατασκευών από οπλισμένο σκυρόδεμα και της επίδρασης των διαφορετικών κλιματολογικών δεδομένων σε αυτές. Η διατριβή ξεκινάει με τη μελέτη της βιβλιογραφίας πάνω στην ανθεκτικότητα των κατασκευών από σκυρόδεμα. Αφού μελετήθηκαν οι παράγοντες διάβρωσης των κατασκευών από σκυρόδεμα και η συμβολή τους στη μείωση της ανθεκτικότητας των κατασκευών, αποφασίστηκε η διερεύνηση της διάβρωσης εξ αιτίας της ενανθράκωσης και των χλωριόντων. Το πειραματικό μέρος της διατριβής, αφορά την παρασκευή δοκιμίων κονιαμάτων και σκυροδεμάτων με χρήση τεσσάρων τύπων τσιμέντου: CEM I 42.5N, CEM ΙΙ/A-Μ (P-LL) 42.5Ν, CEM IΙ/B-Μ (W-P-LL) 32.5N και CEM II/(B-LL) 32.5N. Οι ιδιότητες που μελετήθηκαν είναι: αντοχή σε θλίψη, βάθος φυσικής ενανθράκωσης, βάθος επιταχυνόμενης ενανθράκωσης, βαθμός διείσδυσης χλωριόντων, και υδατοαπορροφητικότητα.
Electronic invoicing: a cross sectional study of its implementation in micro and small businesses in Lima, Peru
Authors: Grijalva Salazar Rosario Violeta , Fernández-Bedoya Víctor Hugo , Ibarra Fretell Walter Gregorio , Cuba Mayuri Ena Elizabeth , Yzaguirre Ruiz Marco Antonio
Published: February 2023

Background: The implementation of electronic taxation systems helps every company to be able to control, verify and simplify its tax operations. It allows them to manage all their obligations in a faster and more efficient way. In this study, we aim to deduce from the accountants' perspective, what attitudes, practices and compliance with tax obligations are being carried out as a result of the implementation of electronic invoicing. Likewise, to note the benefits it has brought to Micro and Small Enterprises during COVID-19 in Peru.

Methods: We used methods of applied research with a quantitative and non-experimental approach. The sample consisted of 384 accountants who manage taxation in their respective companies in Metropolitan Lima, to whom a questionnaire was applied as a data collection instrument.

Results: The study sample believes that the use of an electronic issuance system can help combat tax evasion (9.6%), cumbersome tax audits (38.8%), informality (9.4%), falsification of payment vouchers (8.9%), loss and deterioration of payment vouchers (9.1%) and informality (8.3%). They also consider, in their opinion, that the use of the electronic tax system has greatly facilitated the taxation processes (96.6%), generated a reduction in costs (96.4%), reduced the use or consumption of paper (96.9%) and streamlined the administrative and accounting operations (97.4%) of the MSEs

Conclusions: It is evident that the sample is in favour of the implementation with an electronic tax system in their business. This new system would be a promising means to help businesses voluntarily comply with their tax obligations. In turn, it generates a positive effect on tax collection and compliance levels.
AMAW: automated gene annotation for non-model eukaryotic genomes
Authors: Meunier Loïc , Baurain Denis , Cornet Luc
Published: February 2023

Background: The annotation of genomes is a crucial step regarding the analysis of new genomic data and resulting insights, and this especially for emerging organisms which allow researchers to access unexplored lineages, so as to expand our knowledge of poorly represented taxonomic groups. Complete pipelines for eukaryotic genome annotation have been proposed for more than a decade, but the issue is still challenging. One of the most widely used tools in the field is MAKER2, an annotation pipeline using experimental evidence (mRNA-seq and proteins) and combining different gene prediction tools. MAKER2 enables individual laboratories and small-scale projects to annotate non-model organisms for which pre-existing gene models are not available. The optimal use of MAKER2 requires gathering evidence data (by searching and assembling transcripts, and/or collecting homologous proteins from related organisms), elaborating the best annotation strategy (training of gene models) and efficiently orchestrating the different steps of the software in a grid computing environment, which is tedious, time-consuming and requires a great deal of bioinformatic skills.

Methods: To address these issues, we present AMAW (Automated MAKER2 Annotation Wrapper), a wrapper pipeline for MAKER2 that automates the above-mentioned tasks. Importantly, AMAW also exists as a Singularity container recipe easy to deploy on a grid computer, thereby overcoming the tricky installation of MAKER2.

Use case: The performance of AMAW is illustrated through the annotation of a selection of 32 protist genomes, for which we compared its annotations with those produced with gene models directly available in AUGUSTUS.

Conclusions: Importantly, AMAW also exists as a Singularity container recipe easy to deploy on a grid computer, thereby overcoming the tricky installation of MAKER2
Healthcare providers’ perspective on barriers to optimal HIV index testing: an interview-based study
Authors: Katamba Cibangu
Published: February 2023

Background: HIV testing services (HTS) and antiretroviral therapy have seen a substantial scale-up. Poorly targeted HTS have continued to miss people living with HIV who do not know their HIV status. This requires new and targeted approaches to reach undiagnosed people with HIV, such as HIV partner services. The aim of this study was to assess the barriers to optimal index testing for improved HIV testing yield in Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods: One-to-one interviews were conducted with index testing providers to explore provider-related and client-related barriers to testing, and document other experiences arising during the process of HIV index testing. An interview guide was utilized for consistency of information collected.

Results: Provider related challenges included inadequate elicitation skills among healthcare workers; low number of volunteers trained in index testing; inadequate index testing knowledge among staff; age and sex differences;  limited elicitation of index partners to only wife and husband (not eliciting all sexual partners); and limited transport for contact tracing. On the other hand, client-related challenges were mobile communities due to seasonal activities such as cross boarder trades, sex work and farming; some key populations and adolescent index clients do not have contact details for their casual relationships; provider’s age or gender difference for some clients; missing details on client locator forms or wrong details provided; stigma and discrimination; and limited space dedicated to conduct elicitation of index clients.

Discussion: The challenges identified have future implications for index partner testing. These barriers were also gender and age specific. HIV testing services need to adapt to the social context of Zambia where HIV-related stigma and discrimination is still a challenge. As Zambia makes significant progress towards achieving HIV epidemic control, more effort is needed to address specific barriers to optimal HIV index testing.
Simulation framework for connected vehicles: a scoping review
Authors: Abdul Razak Siti Fatimah , Yogarayan Sumendra , Azman Afizan , Abdullah Mohd Fikri Azli , Muhamad Amin Anang Hudaya , Salleh Mazzar
Published: February 2023

Background: V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle) is a booming research field with a diverse set of services and applications. Most researchers rely on vehicular simulation tools to model traffic and road conditions and evaluate the performance of network protocols. We conducted a scoping review to consider simulators that have been reported in the literature based on successful implementation of V2V systems, tutorials, documentation, examples, and/or discussion groups.

Methods: Simulators that have limited information were not included. The selected simulators are described individually and compared based on their requirements and features, i.e., origin, traffic model, scalability, and traffic features. This scoping review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The review considered only research published in English (in journals and conference papers) completed after 2015. Further, three reviewers initiated the data extraction phase to retrieve information from the published papers.

Results: Most simulators can simulate system behaviour by modelling the events according to pre-defined scenarios. However, the main challenge faced is integrating the three components to simulate a road environment in either microscopic, macroscopic or mesoscopic models. These components include mobility generators, VANET simulators and network simulators. These simulators require the integration and synchronisation of the transportation domain and the communication domain. Simulation modelling can be run using a different types of simulators that are cost-effective and scalable for evaluating the performance of V2V systems in urban environments. In addition, we also considered the ability of the vehicular simulation tools to support wireless sensors.

Conclusions: The outcome of this study may reduce the time required for other researchers to work on other applications involving V2V systems and as a reference for the study and development of new traffic simulators.
Usage of personas in the construction industry
Authors: Sainz Salces Fausto Javier , Liinasuo Marja , Martin-Moncunill David
Published: February 2023

Background: This study on the use of personas was carried out during a building trade related software development EU project. Participants were introduced to the personas tool and encouraged to use it in their work in technical development.

Methods: A questionnaire was delivered three months after presentation and explanation of the remote tool, inquiring about benefits, drawbacks, intention of using personas in the future, and the role of usage related information as a whole in technical development.

Results: Previous knowledge about the tool, perceptions of the tool and its actual use seemed to influence developers in their decision to use it or not.

Conclusions: Almost half of the organizations in our study use real user-centric design methods in their technical development; this can ease the path for wider adoption of the methods when needed. One possible solution to strengthen the understanding and adoption of the user-centric methods is to spread information among technical developers, by identifying and using efficient communication channels, such as tailored training. User-centric methods seem to have gained followers in the technical development arena, indicating that this may be a feasible way for further adoption of user centricity in product development.
Chronic pruritus in atopic dermatitis – mechanisms and different ways of treatment, affect on quality of life
Authors: Ostaszewska Sandra , Morawski Przemysław , Augustynowicz Kinga , Popińska Zuzanna , Chrzanowski Jakub , Szymańska Ewa , Łoginoff Jan , Świąder Kinga , Pactwa Filip
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Pruritus in atopic dermatitis is one of the main symptoms of the disease and the one that causes a significant impact on quality of life. It is important to control itching because it’s not only an unplesant sense. Scratching topically deepen the dermatitis, damages the epidermal barrier causing additional infections possible  and makes it harder to acheive a remission of the disease. It is also highly associated with stress and has an impact on mental health of the patient.  In this article we present a summary of how pruritus affects the quality of life, mechanisms of pruritus and possible treatment.

Materials and methods: Our work is based on the articles published in PubMed, medical books and websites. We were looking for the key words such as ‘stress and itch’, ‘pruritus treatment’, ‘chronic itch in atopic dermatitis’, ‘itch and quality of life’.

Results: Patients with atopic dermatitis should come under miltidisciplinar treatment to acheive the best possible control of symptoms. This will result in higher quality of life and better mental health of the patient.

Conclusions: There is a high need to develop new targeted medications as contemporary medicine knows a lot more about the mechanism of pruritus. Many new types of treatment are being studied and soon we may have more options to choose in systemic and topical therapy. We should also concetrate more on a mental side of the disease.