bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting CaMKK2 Inhibits Actin Cytoskeletal Assembly to Suppress Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Mukherjee Debarati , Previs Rebecca A. , Haines Corinne , Al Abo Muthana , Juras Patrick K. , Strickland Kyle C. , Chakraborty Binita , Artham Sandeep , Whitaker Regina S. , Hebert Katherine , Fontenot Jake , Patierno Steven R. , Freedman Jennifer A. , Lau Frank H. , Burow Matthew E. , Chang Ching-Yi , McDonnell Donald P.
Published: June 2023

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) tend to become invasive and metastatic at early stages in their development. Despite some treatment successes in early-stage localized TNBC, the rate of distant recurrence remains high, and long-term survival outcomes remain poor. In a search for new therapeutic targets for this disease, we observed that elevated expression of the serine/threonine kinase calcium/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) is highly correlated with tumor invasiveness. In validation studies, genetic disruption of CaMKK2 expression or inhibition of its activity with small molecule inhibitors disrupted spontaneous metastatic outgrowth from primary tumors in murine xenograft models of TNBC. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), a high-risk, poor prognosis ovarian cancer subtype, shares many features with TNBC, and CaMKK2 inhibition effectively blocked metastatic progression in a validated xenograft model of this disease. Mechanistically, CaMKK2 increased the expression of the phosphodiesterase PDE1A, which hydrolyzed cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to decrease the cGMP-dependent activity of protein kinase G1 (PKG1). Inhibition of PKG1 resulted in decreased phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), which in its hypophosphorylated state binds to and regulates F-actin assembly to facilitate cell movement. Together, these findings establish a targetable CaMKK2–PDE1A–PKG1–VASP signaling pathway that controls cancer cell motility and metastasis by impacting the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, it identifies CaMKK2 as a potential therapeutic target that can be exploited to restrict tumor invasiveness in patients diagnosed with early-stage TNBC or localized HGSOC.

Significance:

CaMKK2 regulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics to promote tumor invasiveness and can be inhibited to suppress metastasis of breast and ovarian cancer, indicating CaMKK2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to arrest disease progression.
Activation of the cGAS/STING Axis in Genome-Damaged Hematopoietic Cells Does Not Impact Blood Cell Formation or Leukemogenesis
Authors: Dressel Nicole , Natusch Loreen , Munz Clara M. , Costas Ramon Santiago , Morcos Mina N.F. , Loff Anja , Hiller Björn , Haase Christa , Schulze Livia , Müller Patrick , Lesche Mathias , Dahl Andreas , Luksch Hella , Rösen-Wolff Angela , Roers Axel , Behrendt Rayk , Gerbaulet Alexander
Published: June 2023

Genome damage is a main driver of malignant transformation, but it also induces aberrant inflammation via the cGAS/STING DNA-sensing pathway. Activation of cGAS/STING can trigger cell death and senescence, thereby potentially eliminating genome-damaged cells and preventing against malignant transformation. Here, we report that defective ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) in the hematopoietic system caused genome instability with concomitant activation of the cGAS/STING axis and compromised hematopoietic stem cell function, ultimately resulting in leukemogenesis. Additional inactivation of cGAS, STING, or type I IFN signaling, however, had no detectable effect on blood cell generation and leukemia development in RER-deficient hematopoietic cells. In wild-type mice, hematopoiesis under steady-state conditions and in response to genome damage was not affected by loss of cGAS. Together, these data challenge a role of the cGAS/STING pathway in protecting the hematopoietic system against DNA damage and leukemic transformation.

Significance:

Loss of cGAS/STING signaling does not impact DNA damage–driven leukemogenesis or alter steady-state, perturbed or malignant hematopoiesis, indicating that the cGAS/STING axis is not a crucial antioncogenic mechanism in the hematopoietic system.

See related commentary by Zierhut, p. 2807
Figure S2 from The African-Centric P47S Variant of TP53 Confers Immune Dysregulation and Impaired Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Stieg David C , Parris Joshua L.D. , Yang Tyler Hong Loong , Mirji Gauri , Reiser Sarah Kim , Murali Nivitha , Werts Madison , Barnoud Thibaut , Lu David Y , Shinde Rahul S , Murphy Maureen E , Claiborne Daniel T
Published: June 2023

Figure S2 shows that the tumor microenvironment in both P47 and S47 mice is comprised of similar proportions of subpopulations of immune cells with similar phenotypes.
Figure S1 from The African-Centric P47S Variant of TP53 Confers Immune Dysregulation and Impaired Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Stieg David C , Parris Joshua L.D. , Yang Tyler Hong Loong , Mirji Gauri , Reiser Sarah Kim , Murali Nivitha , Werts Madison , Barnoud Thibaut , Lu David Y , Shinde Rahul S , Murphy Maureen E , Claiborne Daniel T
Published: June 2023

Figure S1 shows BMDMs from S47 mice are more anti-inflammatory and polarize towards a M2 phenotype following IL-4 stimulation.
The African-centric P47S Variant of TP53 Confers Immune Dysregulation and Impaired Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Stieg David C. , Parris Joshua L. D. , Yang Tyler Hong Loong , Mirji Gauri , Reiser Sarah Kim , Murali Nivitha , Werts Madison , Barnoud Thibaut , Lu David Y. , Shinde Rahul , Murphy Maureen E. , Claiborne Daniel T.
Published: June 2023

The tumor suppressor TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer and is mutationally inactivated in 50% of sporadic tumors. Inactivating mutations in TP53 also occur in Li Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). In addition to germline mutations in TP53 in LFS that completely inactivate this protein, there are many more germline mutant forms of TP53 in human populations that partially inactivate this protein: we call these partially inactivating mutations “hypomorphs.” One of these hypomorphs is a SNP that exists in 6%–10% of Africans and 1%–2% of African Americans, which changes proline at amino acid 47 to serine (Pro47Ser; P47S). We previously showed that the P47S variant of p53 is intrinsically impaired for tumor suppressor function, and that this SNP is associated with increased cancer risk in mice and humans. Here we show that this SNP also influences the tumor microenvironment, and the immune microenvironment profile in P47S mice is more protumorigenic. At basal levels, P47S mice show impaired memory T-cell formation and function, along with increased anti-inflammatory (so-called “M2”) macrophages. We show that in tumor-bearing P47S mice, there is an increase in immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells and decreased numbers of activated dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, along with evidence for increased T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we show that P47S mice demonstrate an incomplete response to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Our combined data suggest that the African-centric P47S variant leads to both intrinsic and extrinsic defects in tumor suppression.

Significance:

Findings presented here show that the P47S variant of TP53 influences the immune microenvironment, and the immune response to cancer. This is the first time that a naturally occurring genetic variant of TP53 has been shown to negatively impact the immune microenvironment and the response to immunotherapy.
Unusual Cause of Thrombocytopenia and Renal Failure in a 14-Year-Old Boy (MYH9-Associated Disorders)
Authors: Granak Karol , Brndiarova Miroslava , Vnucak Matej , Plamenova Ivana , Behulova Lohajova Regina , Valencikova Romana , Jesenak Milos , Dedinska Ivana
Published: June 2023

MYH9-associated disorders represent rare group of autosomal dominant diseases and are caused by pathogenic mutations in the MYH9 gene. Clinically, they are represented by macro-platelet-thrombocytopenia, various degrees of renal dysfunction, hearing loss, and early onset cataracts. We describe the case of 14-year-old boy in medical follow-up from birth for thrombocytopenia. Systolic hypertension and nephrotic proteinuria were detected at preventive health check. Renal biopsy revealed sing of segmental glomerulosclerosis. Dialysis treatment was needed. Before transplantation due to the finding of chronic tonsillitis with positive bacterial capture in the culture examination, tonsillectomy was indicated. Postoperative period was complicated with arterial post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. Six months after tonsillectomy, the patient underwent primary deceased-donor kidney transplantation without complication. Blood platelets showed fluctuating character in the zone of severe thrombocytopenia. However, no signs of bleeding were present. Three months after successful transplantation gene sequencing of whole exon was performed. The presence of the variant c.2105G>A [p.(Arg702HIS)] in exon 17 of the MYH9 gene has been detected. The variant c.2105G>A may be clinically manifested by progressive proteinuria with rapid deterioration of renal function. This case is an example of the delayed diagnosis of rare disease and highlights the usefulness of genetic testing.
Malignant Struma Ovarii (Papillary Carcinoma) with Hyperthyroidism: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhong Lijuan , Peng Lilin , Huang Ting , Zhu Di , Lu Yuanzhi
Published: June 2023

Malignant struma ovarii (MSO) is an extremely rare monodermal ovarian teratoma. Preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative freezing diagnosis are exceedingly difficult due to the rarity of the disease and its clinically noncharacteristic manifestations with less than 200 reports in the current literature. In this paper, a case of MSO (papillary carcinoma) with hyperthyroidism was discussed in terms of its epidemiology, clinicopathology, molecular features, treatment, and prognosis.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Inform Sertraline Dosing Optimization in Patients with Depression
Authors: Stoiljkovic Milan , Nikolic Valentina N. , Ilic Nebojsa , Vujovic Maja , Popovic Dejan , Milovanovic Jasmina , Jankovic Slobodan M.
Published: June 2023

Sertraline is one of the most prescribed antidepressants, but its pharmacokinetic (PK) properties are still not completely characterized. Using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, we examined factors influencing sertraline PK variability in outpatients with major depressive disorder. Blood samples from 53 male and female adults treated with sertraline orally were collected at a steady state. Various demographic and clinical covariates were tested by stepwise regression procedure. We found that sertraline clearance is significantly influenced by serum concentrations of its main metabolite N-desmethylsertraline, whereas clearance of N-desmethylsertraline is affected by both creatinine clearance and drug daily dose. These results were confirmed by the reduction of points dispersion in goodness-of-fit plots for their predicted versus measured concentrations and with bootstrapping analyses. This finding can serve to inform sertraline dosing optimization, especially when changes in kidney function occur in treated individuals, to prevent adverse drug reactions and maximize therapeutic benefits.
An Uncommon Presentation of Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report
Authors: Al Janahi Sara , Al Maashari Raghda
Published: June 2023

Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is a rare autoimmune disorder of newborns and infants, born to usually asymptomatic mothers with lupus erythematosus. Clinical manifestations include variable cutaneous findings, with possible cardiac or hepatic involvement. We present a case of a 3-month-old baby girl with NLE, born to an asymptomatic mother. Her atypical clinical presentation included hypopigmented atrophic scars on the temples. She improved with topical pimecrolimus cream, with almost complete resolution of the facial lesions and improvement in atrophy noted at the 4-month follow-up visit. Cutaneous findings of hypopigmentation and atrophic scarring are less commonly reported. To our knowledge, no similar cases have been published in the Middle East. We aim to share this interesting case, highlight the different clinical presentations of NLE and raise awareness among physicians about this variable phenotype of NLE for timely diagnosis of this uncommon entity.
New Role of D-Cycloserine: Shorten Adaptation Process and Extend Maintenance Time of Motion Sickness
Authors: Lu Yilin , Chen Zehua , Pan Leilei , Zhang Ling , Xiao Shuifeng , Qi Ruirui , Cai Yiling , Wang Junqin
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of D-cycloserine (DCS) in the adaptation process and maintenance of motion sickness (MS). Methods: In experiment 1, 120 SD rats were used to study the promoting effect of DCS on the adaptation process of MS in rats. They were randomly divided into four groups, DCS-rotation (DCS-Rot), DCS-static, saline-rotation (Sal-Rot), and saline-static, and further divided into three subgroups according to the adaptation time (4 days, 7 days, and 10 days) in each group. After being given DCS (0.5 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline, they were rotated or kept static according to the group. Their fecal granules, total distance, and total activity of spontaneous activity were recorded and analyzed. In experiment 2, other 120 rats were used. The experimental grouping and specific experimental method were the same as experiment 1. According to the grouping of the adaptive maintenance duration, the animals of 14 days, 17 days, and 21 days groups were measured on the corresponding date of the changes in the animals’ exploratory behavior. Results: In experiment 1, the fecal granules, total distance, and total activity of spontaneous activity of Sal-Rot returned to the control level on 9 days, and the DCS-Rot group returned to the control level on 6 days, indicating that DCS could shorten the adaptation time of MS rats from 9 days to 6 days. In experiment 2, the Sal-Rot could not maintain the adaptive state after 14 days’ absence from the seasickness environment. The fecal granules of DCS-Rot increased significantly, and total distance and total activity of spontaneous activity of DCS-Rot decreased significantly from 17 days. These illustrate that DCS can prolong the adaptive maintenance time from within 14 days to 17 days in MS rats. Conclusion: 0.5 mg/kg DCS injected intraperitoneally can shorten the MS adaptation process and extend the maintenance time of adaptation of SD rats.
Vasodilator Effect of Trace Amines, 3-Iodothyronamine, and RO5263397 in the Rat Perfused Kidney: Comparison with Tryptamine
Authors: Jragh Dina , Chandrasekhar Bindu , Yousif Mariam H. M. , Oriowo Mabayoje Ayotunde
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) are a family of G protein-coupled receptors and are widely distributed in the body. Activation of TAAR1 by specific agonists can produce a variety of physiological effects centrally and peripherally. The objective of this study was to investigate the vasodilator effect of two selective TAAR1 agonists 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and RO5263397 in the isolated perfused rat kidney preparation. Methods: Kidneys were isolated and perfused with Krebs’ solution, gassed with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide, through the renal artery. Results: In preparations pre-constricted with methoxamine (5 × 10−6m), T1AM (10−10 – 10−6 mol), RO5263397 (10−10 – 10−6 mol), and tryptamine (10−10 – 10−6 mol) produced dose-dependent vasodilator responses. EPPTB (1 × 10−6m), a selective TAAR1 antagonist, had no effect on vasodilator responses induced by these agonists. A higher concentration of EPPTB (3 × 10−5m) produced a sustained increase in perfusion pressure but did not affect vasodilator responses to tryptamine, T1AM, and RO5263397. Agonist-induced vasodilator responses were slightly reduced by the removal of the endothelium but were not affected by L-NAME (1 × 10−4m), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. The vasodilator responses were significantly reduced by inhibiting calcium-activated (tetraethylammonium, 1 × 10−3m) and voltage-activated (4-AP, 1 × 10−3m) potassium channels. Tryptamine-, T1AM-, and RO5263397-induced vasodilator responses were significantly reduced by BMY7378, a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. Conclusion: It was concluded that vasodilator responses produced by the TAAR1 agonists, T1AM, RO5263397, and tryptamine, were not mediated via TAAR1 but were probably via activation of 5-HT1A receptors.
Ophthalmology Operation Note Encoding with Open-Source Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Lee Yong Min , Bacchi Stephen , Macri Carmelo , Tan Yiran , Casson Robert , Chan Weng Onn
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Accurate assignment of procedural codes has important medico-legal, academic, and economic purposes for healthcare providers. Procedural coding requires accurate documentation and exhaustive manual labour to interpret complex operation notes. Ophthalmology operation notes are highly specialised making the process time-consuming and challenging to implement. This study aimed to develop natural language processing (NLP) models trained by medical professionals to assign procedural codes based on the surgical report. The automation and accuracy of these models can reduce burden on healthcare providers and generate reimbursements that reflect the operation performed. Methods: A retrospective analysis of ophthalmological operation notes from two metropolitan hospitals over a 12-month period was conducted. Procedural codes according to the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) were applied. XGBoost, decision tree, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and logistic regression models were developed for classification experiments. Experiments involved both multi-label and binary classification, and the best performing model was used on the holdout test dataset. Results: There were 1,000 operation notes included in the study. Following manual review, the five most common procedures were cataract surgery (374 cases), vitrectomy (298 cases), laser therapy (149 cases), trabeculectomy (56 cases), and intravitreal injections (49 cases). Across the entire dataset, current coding was correct in 53.9% of cases. The BERT model had the highest classification accuracy (88.0%) in the multi-label classification on these five procedures. The total reimbursement achieved by the machine learning algorithm was $184,689.45 ($923.45 per case) compared with the gold standard of $214,527.50 ($1,072.64 per case). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates accurate classification of ophthalmic operation notes into MBS coding categories with NLP technology. Combining human and machine-led approaches involves using NLP to screen operation notes to code procedures, with human review for further scrutiny. This technology can allow the assignment of correct MBS codes with greater accuracy. Further research and application in this area can facilitate accurate logging of unit activity, leading to reimbursements for healthcare providers. Increased accuracy of procedural coding can play an important role in training and education, study of disease epidemiology and improve research ways to optimise patient outcomes.
Current and Emerging Targeted Therapies for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Pietschner Robert , Rath Timo , Neurath Markus F. , Atreya Raja
Published: June 2023

Background: Ulcerative colitis is one of the main entities of inflammatory bowel diseases. The clinical course of this immune-mediated disorder is marked by unpredictable exacerbations and asymptomatic remission, causing lifelong morbidity. Optimized anti-inflammatory treatment is a prerequisite to not only restore the quality of life of the affected patients but also halt progressive bowel damage and reduce the risk for colitis-associated neoplasia. Advances in understanding the underlying immunopathogenesis of ulcerative colitis have led to the advent of targeted therapies that selectively inhibit crucial molecular structures or signaling pathways that perpetuate the inflammatory reaction. Summary: We will delineate the mode of action and summarize efficacy and safety data of current and emerging targeted therapies in ulcerative colitis, which encompasses representatives of the drug classes of antibodies, small molecules, and oligonucleotides. These substances have already been approved for induction and maintenance treatment or are being tested in late-stage clinical trials in moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis patients. These advanced therapies have enabled us to define and achieve novel therapeutic outcomes, such as clinical and endoscopic remission, histological remission, mucosal healing, and recently, also barrier healing as an emerging outcome measure. Key Messages: Established and emerging targeted therapies and monitoring modalities broaden our therapeutic armamentarium and have enabled us to define novel therapeutic outcomes that have the potential to modify the individual disease course of patients with ulcerative colitis.
Acute Inhibition of Inflammation Mediated by Sympathetic Nerves: The Inflammatory Reflex
Authors: Occhinegro Alessandra , McAllen Robin M. , McKinley Michael J. , Martelli Davide
Published: June 2023

In this review, we will try to convince the readers that the immune system is controlled by an endogenous neural reflex, termed inflammatory reflex, that inhibits the acute immune response during the course of a systemic immune challenge. We will analyse here the contribution of different sympathetic nerves as possible efferent arms of the inflammatory reflex. We will discuss the evidence that demonstrates that neither the splenic sympathetic nerves nor the hepatic sympathetic nerves are necessary for the endogenous neural reflex inhibition of inflammation. We will discuss the contribution of the adrenal glands to the reflex control of inflammation, noting that the neurally mediated release of catecholamines in the systemic circulation is responsible for the enhancement of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) but not of the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor α (TNF). We will conclude by reviewing the evidence that demonstrates that the splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway, composed by preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic splanchnic fibres with different target organs, including the spleen and the adrenal glands, is the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex. During the course of a systemic immune challenge, the splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway is endogenously activated to inhibit the TNF and enhance the IL-10 response, independently, presumably acting on separate populations of leukocytes.
Classification of gene expression dataset for type 1 diabetes using machine learning methods
Authors: AlRefaai Noor , Zaki AlRashid Sura
Published: June 2023

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) disease is considered one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world, it causes a high level of glucose in the human blood. Despite the seriousness of this disease, T1D may affect people and their condition develops to an advanced stage without feeling it, which makes it difficult to control the disease. Early prediction of the presence of this disease may significantly reduce its risks. There are many attempts to overcome this disease, some of them are heading towards biological solutions and others towards bioinformatic solutions. Several studies have used a single feature selection method with a machine learning (ML) model to predict or classify T1D. In this paper, ML techniques were used for classification, such as Naive Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) using a T1D gene expression dataset that has a multiclass to classify the genes associated with this disease. The proposed model can identify the genes related to T1D with high efficiency, which helps a lot in predicting a person carrying the disease before symptoms appear. The highest accuracy of 89.1% was obtained when applying SVM with chi2 as the feature selection method.
Accelerated thermal aging of Kraft papers impregnated with dielectric liquids
Authors: Chairul Imran Sutan , Abu Bakar Norazhar , Ab Ghani Sharin , Shahril Ahmad Khiar Mohd , Hidayah Rahim Nor , Nizam Md Arshad@Hashim Syahrun
Published: June 2023

Accelerated thermal aging was conducted on Kraft papers impregnated with mineral insulating oil (MO) and palm insulating oil (PO), and the effect of aging time on the oils and Kraft papers was observed. Each sample consisted of insulating oil, dried Kraft paper, and weighed metal catalysts (copper, iron, zinc, and aluminum) in a bottle. Prior to aging, the bottles were left for 24 h at room temperature for impregnation to take place. The thermal aging experiments were carried out at 130 °C for 250, 500, and 750 h. The properties of the MO and PO (moisture content, acidity, and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra) and the properties of the Kraft papers (tensile strength and colour) were determined. Results showed that the aged PO had higher moisture content compared with the aged MO. However, the Kraft papers impregnated with PO had better tensile strength after 750 h of aging, which may be attributed to the affinity of PO to moisture. This slows down the hydrolytic degradation mechanism. In terms of colour, the Kraft papers were darker than their original colour as the tensile strength decreased. To conclude, the Kraft paper impregnated with PO had higher tensile strength compared with those impregnated with MO.
Analysis of a novel soft switching bidirectional DC-DC converter for electric vehicle
Authors: Purna Chandra Rao Podila , Anandhakumar Radhakrishnan , Shanmukha Rao L.
Published: June 2023

A bidirectional converter (BDC) designed with high voltage gain and it is incorporated with the soft-switching operations to the insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The main dual operating characteristics of this converter are boost and buck modes respectively. In order to achieve the reduced switching losses and improved efficiency, the main IGBTs are operated at zero current (ZC) while the IGBTs commutating from turn-on to turn-off state. The ZC turn-off operation is obtained with the aid of soft- switched cell, which consists of resonant inductor (Lr), capacitor and additional IGBTs. In this work, the design simulation analysis for high-gain BDC was performed by 70/300 V power system with the maximum 800 W output power under the operating frequency of 50 kHz. The efficiency for the high-gain soft-switched BDC was obtained as 96.5% when it is operating in boost mode and efficiency of 97% was achieved for the buck mode operation. The simulation evaluations of the above said converters were performed by using MATLAB/Simulink.
Improved load frequency control performance by tuning parameters of PID controller and BESS using Bat algorithm
Authors: Uman Putra Dimas Fajar , Akbar Firdaus Aji , Arof Hamzah , Uman Putra Novian Patria , Andria Kusuma Vicky
Published: June 2023

The oscillation of frequency can cause the generator to run out of sync in a power system. Therefore, load frequency control (LFC) is needed to reduce frequency oscillation and prevent out of sync operation. The LFC regulates the governor to balance the turbine speed with changes in the load of existing. In this paper, a proportional integral differential (PID) controller and a battery energy storage system (BESS) are added to an LFC to improve the frequency stability of a power system. The parameters of the PID controller and BESS are optimized using the Bat algorithm (BA) to attain a good coordination. The frequency performance analysis is done by introducing disturbance in the form of changes in load power. The simulation results show that the frequency deviation of the system with the PID controller and BESS, has a faster settling time and smaller overshoot value. The system performs better than those with only the PID controller or the BESS. In conclusion, the BA algorithm can be used to find optimal parameter values of the PID controller and BESS for a synchronized coordination of an LFC.
Performance analysis of FOC space vector modulation DCMLI driven PMSM drive
Authors: Shriwastava Rakesh , Thakre Mohan P. , Choudhari Jagdish , Somnath Kadlag Sunil , Mapari Rahul , Prakash Kadam Deepak , Khule Shridhar
Published: June 2023

The effectiveness of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive managed by an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) microcontroller using field oriented control (FOC) with space vector modulation (SVM) and a diode clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI) is investigated. Due to its efficacy, FOC would be widely implemented for PMSM speed regulation. The primary drawbacks of a 3-phase classic bridge inverter appear to be reduced dv/dt stresses, lesser electromagnetic interference, and a relatively small rating, especially when compared to inverters. PMSMs have a better chance of being adopted in the automotive industry because of their compact size, high efficiency, and durability. The SVM idea states that an inverter's three driving signals are created simultaneously. Using MATLAB simulations, researchers looked into incorporating a DCMLI with a resistive load on an AVR microcontroller. Torque, current, and harmonic analysis were evaluated between the SVM and the inverter-driven PMSM drive in this research. In comparison to the prior art, the proposed PMSM drive has better speed and torque management, less output distortion, and less harmonic distortion.
Reliability improvement of multi-phase interleaved DC-DC converters for fuel cell electric vehicle applications
Authors: Mehida Hicham , Aboubou Abdennacer , Ayad Mohamed Yacine
Published: June 2023

This paper suggests a fast and low-cost method that can be applied in several DC/DC converter topologies for detecting open circuit faults (OCFs) and short circuit faults (SCFs). The suggested method may identify the faults of several power switches even if they occur simultaneously in multi-phase interleaved boost converters (MPh-IBC) by using just the sensors needed to control the converter. This fault detection method (FDM) is based mainly on comparing the measured inductor current and two fault detection thresholds, one for OCFs detection and the other for SCFs detection. This method combined with a corrective strategy to mitigate the negative impacts of OCFs, particularly the significant rise in the ripple of the DC bus voltage and the fuel cell (FC) current, which reduces FC aging and converter reliability. The simulation findings indicate the FDM's excellent performance and speed, as well as its usefulness in detecting defects of many power switches in the converter, with a fault detection time of up to 1.7 µs. The acquired findings further show the excellent effectiveness of the corrective strategy in reducing these ripples in the event of one or two faults.
Dual band antenna in licensed and unlicensed frequency bands based on superformula for 5G applications
Authors: Kadhim Rasim Azeez , Jurn Yaseen Naser , Gatte Mohammed Taih
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the design and analysis of dual bands antenna is carried out. The ranges of frequencies are below 6 GHz and above 24 GHz. The superformula was used to design the proposed antenna where the curve profile of the proposed antenna is obtained by adjusting the six different parameters of the super-formula. The antenna shape likes the sunflower was mounted on flame retardant level 4 (FR4) substrate of dimensions of 32×32×1.5 mm3 and fed by a microstrip. The antenna is simulated using a computer simulation technology (CST) simulator. Results of the simulation showed that the antenna works in the licensed band (5.5–5.8 GHz) and the unlicensed band (24-40) GHz with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2 and return loss below -10 dBm. Also, the proposed design showed better performance than the normal ellipse-based antenna design with the same antenna dimensions.
Design a microwave transmitter using magnetron and two layers waveguides
Authors: Reja Ahmed Hameed , Hussein Ahmed Abdulqader , Hussain Sabahaldin Abdulqader
Published: June 2023

A magnetron is a power oscillator device used in several radar transmitters for generating the electromagnetic wave (EMW) with a constructive and fixed frequency. In this work, a radar transmitter has been carried out using magnetron operates at 2,458 MHz and two conducting layers waveguides to achieve minimum loss of the signal due to the increased temperature. The magnetron is connected with the high voltage capacitor (1.0 μF) in order to store the alternating current (AC) signal delivered from the high voltage transformer. A waveguide parts have been used as transmission lines in view of connecting the magnetron to the antenna. These parts include two metal layers, the upper layer (outer) is advanced audio coding (AAC) 1350 aluminum conductor and the lower (inner) is copper. The waveguide dimension should be suitable to flow frequency from 2.2 GHz to 3.3 GHz. To measure the operating frequency, a waveguide adapter and a coaxial cable which combined with n-female connector have been connected to magnetron. The wave is delivering to the frequency counter by Bayonet Neill–Concelman (BNC) to n-female connectors. The promising results of the proposed work have been achieved with a maximum power, efficient return loss, acceptable voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and low-cost manufacturing.
Emerging development in polymeric electrospun nanoscale mats for tissue regeneration: narrative review of the literature
Authors: Owida Hamza Abu , Al-Ayyad Muhammad , Al-Nabulsi Jamal , Turab Nidal , Abdullah Mustafa
Published: June 2023

Tissue engineering is a cutting-edge discipline that brings together scientific and health-related, biological, and engineering principles in order to build tissue-engineered constructions able to restore or sustain the physiological properties of native tissue, or to marginally enhance those properties. This field is called "regenerative medicine". By constructing structures that are analogous to the extracellular matrix, it will be possible to improve the transmission of oxygen and nutrients, as well as the release of toxins during the process of tissue healing, all while simultaneously maturing tissues. Over the past few years, various studies have concentrated on looking at nanostructures in three dimensions with the goal of using them in tissue engineering. In this group of methods, electrospinning stands out as one of the most successful options. Over the course of the past few decades, a great number of nanofibrous scaffolds have been produced for the purpose of restoring and repairing damaged tissue. In this article, the engineering of new tissues using nanofibrous textures as scaffolds are reviewed. In addition, recent developments in tissue regeneration and the difficulties related to electrospinning are discussed in this article, along with their respective solutions.
A PSO optimized RBFNN and STSMC scheme for path tracking of robot manipulator
Authors: K. Abdul Zahra Atheel , Abdalla Turki Y.
Published: June 2023

This article presents the design of super twisting sliding mode control (STSMC) based on radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) for path tracking of two link robot manipulator. The proposed controller is utilized to guarantee and achieve that the surface of sliding can be in equilibrium point within a short time and avoid the problem of chattering at the output. The Lyapunov theory is used in presenting a new convergence proof. Also, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to give the optimal parameter values of the proposed controller. Simulation results explain the goodness of the proposed control method for trajectory tracking of 2-link robot manipulator when compared with SMC strategy. Results demonstrate that the the percentage improvement in mean square error (MSE) of using STSMC when compared with the standard SMC are 15.36%, 16.94% and 12.92%, for three different cases respectively.
A clustering approach to improve VANETs performance
Authors: Khudhair Hayder Ayad , Albu-Salih Alaa Taima , Alsudani Mustafa Qahtan , Fakhruldeen Hassan Falah
Published: June 2023

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is a technique that uses cars moved in cities or highways as nodes in wireless networks. Each car in these networks works as a router and allows cars in the range to communicate with each other. As a result of this movement, some cars will become out of range, but these networks can connect to the internet and the cars in these networks can connect to each other. This research proposes a unique clustering strategy to improve the performance of these networks by making their clusters more stable. One of the biggest problems these networks face is traffic data, which consumes network resources. Agent based modeling (ABM) evaluates better networks. The evaluation showed that the proposed strategy surpasses earlier techniques in reachability and throughput, but ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) (on-demand/reactive) outperforms it in total traffic received since our hybrid approach needs more traffic than AODV.
Stacking ensemble learning for optical music recognition
Authors: Ferano Francisco Calvin Arnel , Zahra Amalia , Kusuma Gede Putra
Published: June 2023

The development of music culture has resulted in a problem called optical music recognition (OMR). OMR is a task in computer vision that explores the algorithms and models to recognize musical notation. This study proposed the stacking ensemble learning model to complete the OMR task using the common western musical notation (CWMN) musical notation. The ensemble learning model used four deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) models, namely ResNeXt50, Inception-V3, RegNetY-400MF, and EfficientNet-V2-S as the base classifier. This study also analysed the most appropriate technique to be used as the ensemble learning model’s meta-classifier. Therefore, several machine learning techniques are determined to be evaluated, namely support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), and Naïve Bayes (NB). Six publicly available OMR datasets are combined, down sampled, and used to test the proposed model. The dataset consists of the HOMUS_V2, Rebelo1, Rebelo2, Fornes, OpenOMR, and PrintedMusicSymbols datasets. The proposed ensemble learning model managed to outperform the model built in the previous study and succeeded in achieving outstanding accuracy and F1-scores with the best value of 97.51% and 97.52%, respectively; both of which were achieved by the LR meta-classifier.
Real-time stress detection and monitoring system using IoT-based physiological signals
Authors: Hendryani Atika , Gunawan Dadang , Rizkinia Mia , Nur Hidayati Rinda , Yugi Hermawan Frisa
Published: June 2023

Currently, medical experts use psychophysiological questionnaires to evaluate human stress levels during counseling or interviews. Typically, biochemical samples use urine, saliva, and blood samples to identify the effects of stress on the human body. This research explains that stress detection can be done by analyzing psychological signals and the importance of monitoring stress levels. The authors develop research on stress detection based on psychological signals. The system then processes the recorded data; the android application displays the calculation results. The database can also be accessed as a spreadsheet via a web application. The design of real-time stress detection and monitoring using internet of things (IoT) can work well.
Child tracking system using smartphone
Authors: Taha Taha A. , Hussain Abadal-Salam T. , Desa Hazry , Taha Faris Hassan , Bektaş Yasin
Published: June 2023

The number of missing children and kidnapping is on the rise in recent years. Every parent wills definitely going through an agonizing experience to have their children missing. Therefore, there are many safety measurements to prevent this incident from happening. The help of modern technologies is one of the ways to reduce children missing and kidnapping. A child can be tracked by using the global positioning system (GPS) and global system for mobile communication (GSM) technology. Advanced child monitoring systems are expensive. Not all families have the same living standards. For this purpose, a low-cost child tracking system is proposed in this study. The implementation of the proposed approach is reported in real-time.
Predictive business intelligence dashboard for food and beverage business
Authors: Wikamulia Nathaniel , Isa Sani Muhamad
Published: June 2023

This research was conducted to provide an example of predictive business intelligence (BI) dashboard implementation for the food and beverage business (businesses that sell fast-expired goods). This research was conducted using data from a bakery's transactional database. The data are used to perform demand forecasting using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and recency, frequency, and monetary value (RFM) analysis using mini batch k-means (MBKM). The data are processed and displayed in a BI dashboard created using Microsoft Power BI. The XGBoost model created resulted in a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.188 and an R2 score of 0.931. The MBKM model created resulted in a Dunn index value of 0.4264, a silhouette score value of 0.4421, and a Davies-Bouldin index value of 0.8327. After the BI dashboard is evaluated by the end user using a questionnaire, the BI dashboard gets a final score of 4.77 out of 5. From the BI dashboard evaluation, it was concluded that the predictive BI dashboard succeeded in helping the analysis process in the bakery business by: accelerating the decision-making process, implementing a data-driven decision-making system, and helping businesses discover new insights.
On the design of trust and mobility based evaluation for intelligent collaborative UAVs assisted VANETs
Authors: Rashid Sami Abduljabbar , Mustafa Ahmed Shamil , Abbas Abdulkareem Dawah , Abdullah Hamza Qasim , Mohammed Mohammed Jassim
Published: June 2023

In recent days, vehicles usage and speed are highly increased that leads to an increase in energy consumption, delay, and overhead in the network. In this paper, a novel trajectory is introduced to achieve maximum reliability namely trust and mobility-based evaluation for intelligent collaborative (TMIC)-UAVs assisted VANETs. Reactive multipath greedy routing protocol (RMGR) is the hybrid routing protocol and it is the combination of ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) with greedy geographic forwarding (GGF) which is used for routing in frequently changeable network topology. To protect the network from malfunctions, effective trust evaluation (ETE) is performed by calculating the direct trust and indirect trust. Finally, to achieve effective communication among the UAVs, hybrid optimization is performed which is the combination of the genetic algorithm (GA) and the crow swarm optimization (CSO) algorithm. For validation network simulator (NS3) is used and the results show that this approach achieves high energy efficiency, delivery ratio, and reduction in delay when compared with the earlier research.
Single-channel speech enhancement by PSO-GSA with harmonic regeneration noise reduction
Authors: Ghorpade Kalpana , Khaparde Arti
Published: June 2023

Speech quality significantly affects the performance of speech dependent systems. Noise in the background lowers the clarity and intelligibility of speech. The augmentation of speech can increase its quality. We propose a single-channel speech improvement framework that combines particle swarm optimization (PSO), gravitational search algorithm (GSA), and harmonic regeneration noise reduction (HRNR) to minimize speech signal noise and increase speech intelligibility. The proposed hybrid algorithm optimizes the amount of overlap between the noisy speech frames. This helps in reducing the overlapped noise. Then HRNR algorithm is applied to retain the speech harmonics. The algorithm gives improvement in the speech intelligibility for babble, car and exhibition noise. The segmental signal to noise ratio (SNR) is also improved for these noise types. There is improvement in speech intelligibility with minimal speech distortion.
Design of an efficient convolutional buck-boost converter for hybrid bioinspired parameter tuning
Authors: Mutta Chandini , Goswami Agam Das
Published: June 2023

Power-electronic systems with voltage boosts use buck-boost converters. These converters suppress current and invert voltage to improve voltage swing. Power-electronic systems with voltage boosts use buck-boost converters that suppress current and invert voltage to improve voltage swings. Researchers propose many converter models, but their total harmonic distortion (THD) limits their scalability. Harmonics from additional current components increase THD. The model filters excessive currents using inductor-based storage, capacitive filters, and resistive circuits. However, these models are unstable, reducing their performance in large converter circuits. This text proposes a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) with a hybrid bioinspired model based on genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to overcome this limitation. Estimating internal buck and boost parameters efficiently reduces reverse currents. These parameters include inductor current ripple, recommended inductance, internal switch current limit, and switching frequency. The model finds low-power, high-efficiency buck-boost configurations based on these values. Incremental learning operations tuned the GA model, which was applied to many buck-boost configurations. The proposed model had a 5.9% lower delay, 16.2% lower harmonics, and 4.6% better power efficiency than state-of-the-art buck-boost models.
Towards a ROS2-based software architecture for service robots
Authors: Jo Yong Hwan , Cho Se Yeon , Choi Byoung Wook
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a scalable software architecture based on robot operating system 2 (ROS2) for service robots. ROS2 supports the data distribution service (DDS) protocol that provides benefits such as real-time operation and security and performance enhancements. However, ROS2 still lacks task management capabilities, essential for practical robotic applications consisting of multiple threads and processes. Moreover, integrating new devices into ROS2 requires additional development effort to create specific drivers for specific devices. The proposed software architecture addresses these drawbacks and provides a simple and user-friendly programming interface for easier integrating of various devices and existing ROS2 applications. Moreover, it is designed using python with multi-processing to avoid issues related to the python global interrupt lock (GIL). To verify the developed software architecture, an application for a custom-made service robot called the SeoulTech service robot (SSR) is implemented on a Jetson Xavier NX board with various features, such as ROS2 navigation and SLAM, text-to-speech (TTS), speech recognition, and face recognition.
Dar a ver o indizível: as capulanas no norte de Moçambique
Authors: Assunção Helena Santos
Published: June 2023

Este texto reflete teoricamente sobre as capulanas na região norte de Moçambique, e é baseado em trabalho de campo realizado nas cidades de Nampula e Ilha de Moçambique em 2015 e 2017. A partir de um diálogo com as proposições teóricas de Alfred Gell e Bruno Latour, proponho pensar como fazer capulanas não se restringe à produção, mas passa, principalmente, pela circulação e suas múltiplas formas de uso. Reflito, também, no que as capulanas fazem-fazer, e, sobretudo, no que fazem não-fazer. Ao cobrir os corpos e transmitir mensagens acerca de temas sensíveis como a doença, a morte ou a menstruação, elas permitem manter a esfera do invisível e do indizível, e, assim, “guardam segredo”