bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Big Data in Tourism: Current Trends and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Belias Dimitrios , Sawsan Malik , Rossidis Ioannis , Christos Mantas
Published: September 2021

The aim of this research is to examine the new landscape that is taking shape in the tourism economy, due to the adoption of technological innovations. The technologies and systems used to make the most of the resulting interdisciplinary and multilingual big data, the methods by which heterogeneous elements from different sources are incorporated to bring new knowledge, and the modern services that are ultimately implemented and provided to the public, as well as the people involved in this process, and those who benefit from the new services are among the issues analyzed. The work is not limited to a simple mapping of space but concludes with an evaluation of the systems already implemented and the various methods of analysis and exploitation of large-scale data for this industry, which is based on detailed research of the current literature to identify the potential gaps for future research. This is a literature review. The authors have identified the content of this research on well-known online databases which include scholar, google and Scopus. They used the appropriate keywords such as “big data” & “tourism innovation” to reach the publications used in this research, also given attention on using recent papers which are derived from reliable journals. The research has concluded that the use of big data in the tourism sector is a rising trend. Big data creates expectations for a better understanding of tourism demand and the adjustment of supply by tourism companies to meet the demands of tourists and the profitable activity of tourism businesses. There is a need to examine how can big data help the hotels to deal with Covid-19 pandemic, which can be a topic for future research. Big data is one of the most recent trends on innovation, Information Communication Technologies (ICT) and knowledge management. Hence, there is a need to gather and analyze the existing publications which concern the tourist industry. The originality of this research stems from making an analysis of the current situation as well as it is a bridge to the future by making suggestions on how future research can be shaped. The key limitation of this research resides on that it focuses on the existing literature and used secondary data. However, it gives directions for the future research which can take place with primary data collection.
 
Received: 3 July 2021 / Accepted: 19 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
Instrument Development for Socio-Educational Support and Socio-Educational Participation towards Educational Well-Being
Authors: Careemdeen Jalal Deen , Awang Mohd Mahzan , Ahmad Abdul Razaq , Dahalan Shakila
Published: September 2021

The current study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire instrument to measure the socio-environmental support, socio-educational participation and educational well-being indicators using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Reliability Analysis among secondary school children in Sri Lanka. The indicators used in the analyses were based on sociological theories, and several past empirical studies identified to have three main constructs. The socio-environmental support construct which is based on Bronfenbrenner’s (1989) ecological theory. The socio-educational participation construct which is developed in line with the Social Capital Theory (Putnam, 1993) and students' educational well-being construct, which was developed based on the Psychosocial Well-being Framework of Sri Lanka (2009). The pilot study was carried out, consisting of 50 secondary school children in Sri Lanka. The study results revealed that the value of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test results for all constructs was above the cut-off level of 0.5. The Exploratory Factor Analysis of this study demonstrated that 35 items of socio-environmental support construct, 21 indicators of socio-educational participation construct, and 28 items of educational well-being construct were valid for measuring all those constructs. Reliability Analysis shows that each construct and indicators have good internal consistency values.
 
Received: 20 May 2021 / Accepted: 23 July 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
School Principal Entrepreneurial Competency Development Model to Optimize Generating Production Unit Income
Authors: Mas Sitti Roskina , Masaong Abd. Kadim , Suking Arifin
Published: September 2021

Vocational High School principals have vital competencies in developing their infrastructure, teachers, and students to ensure the graduates have sufficient ability in entrepreneurship and provide products/services in a production unit. To achieve these aims and generate profit, the entrepreneurial instinct of the principal is essential. The purposes of this study were (1) mapping the entrepreneurial potential of school principals, (2) mapping school resource and area resource that can be developed as an income-generating, and (3) designing a model for developing the entrepreneurial competence of school principals to optimize the income-generating production/service units of public vocational high schools in Tomini Bay area. This study has conducted three stages to create an appropriate developing model for an income-generating production/service unit optimization, namely, planning, implementation, and monitoring-evaluation. The result was that the entrepreneurial potential of vocational high school principals in Tomini Gulf area is in good category. This indicates that the principals demonstrated good entrepreneurial competencies in terms of creativity, innovation, motivation, diligence, and finding solutions.
 
Received: 8 March 2021 / Accepted: 22 June 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
Voices of Future Educators: Graduate Students’ Conceptions about Teaching and Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Deraney Philline M.
Published: September 2021

Teaching and learning as a process and concept is often researched through the viewpoint of graduate students as future educators in their respective fields. The aim of this study was to explore graduate students’ conceptions, experiences, and advice about teaching and learning as they embark on their journey as educators. Through purposive sampling, data were collected from students in the final year of their master’s program in education at a large university in Saudi Arabia. A qualitative content analysis of students’ written responses revealed three main themes: 1) definitions of teaching and learning were either teacher-led (predominant) or student-focused; 2) practical activities and assignments framed students’ memorable experiences; and, 3) updated, diverse methodologies including practical applications formed the main advice for educators. Student conceptions of teaching and learning, while predominantly teacher-led, illustrated elements of student-centered learning.  An underlying trend throughout the data was an awareness and description of the ongoing transition from teacher-centered/led to student-centered classrooms in their higher education experiences. Implications of this study include reflection on teaching and student-centered learning as a concept and process in graduate-level education programs and faculty academic development and reconsideration of the traditional faculty-student relationship to a more cooperative and involved one, particularly at the graduate level.
 
Received: 12 July 2021 / Accepted: 20 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
Life Experience of Ethnic Minorities in Urban of Vietnam: An Analysis of the Social Relationship and Social Networks
Authors: Chieu Nguyen Van , Kham Tran Van
Published: September 2021

This article is a part of a research project supported by Vietnam National University-Hanoi about the social welfare of ethnic people in the urban and industrial zones, aims at identifying and describing the life experiences of these groups in the urbanization process. Shreds of evidence from analysing the social network, social connection, social interaction of research participants in their living and working places, it is found that the ethnic minorities face difficulties in setting their life in the new context. However, they tend to build the social cohesion and to be satisfied with the new life conditions to meet the objectives of having a better life and a job in the new context. The findings from this analysis also show that there is a difference among the living place, age group, gender correlated to the social network, social relation and life experiences in the new context. It is the initial finding from the survey of 600 ethnic people in urban of three provinces of Daklak, Lang Son and Binh Duong of Vietnam.
 
Received: 22 June 2021 / Accepted: 05 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
Corporate Social Responsibility and Accrual-Based Earnings Management: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Amake Chinwe Claire , Akogo Obehioye Usiomon
Published: September 2021

This study examines the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on accrual based-earnings management (AEM) nexus. We employed the use of panel least square analysis to test twenty (20) manufacturing companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) for a period of seven (7) years (2013-2019). The study used corporate social responsibility as the independent variable, earnings management as the dependent variable and firm characteristics variables as the control variable. In utilizing the econometric models unreceptive to endogeneity, our result shows that corporate social responsibility has a positive and significant relationship with accrual based-earnings management. In addition, the study finds that firm size and leverage both have a negative and insignificant relationship with accrual based-earning management while profitability has a positive but insignificant relationship with accrual based-earnings management in Nigeria. The results show that more socially responsible firms have higher quality accruals. This suggests that manufacturing firms in Nigeria are likely to engage more in earnings management while increasing their corporate social responsibility. Hence, managers in manufacturing companies in Nigeria, have a tendency to take advantage of corporate social responsibility practices according to the environment they find themselves in.
 
Received: 8 July 2021 / Accepted: 8 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
Regional Energy Integration for Sustainable Development in Eastern Africa: The Case for Geothermal Energy
Authors: Nzomo Maria , Getachew Zerubabel
Published: September 2021

Energy is a crucial factor in international relations and a critical input to achieve global economic growth and development. Provision of affordable, sustainable, and reliable energy is necessary and a prerequisite for any country’s economic growth and prosperity. The United Nations Agenda 2030, through its Seventh Sustainable Development Goal (SGD 7) and the African Union Agenda 2063 Aspiration 1recognise the centrality of access to energy towards realising the ambitions enlisted in these documents. The asymmetric distribution of natural resources and the political, strategic, financial, and technological challenges in utilising these resources hinder countries from availing affordable, sustainable, and reliable energy by using domestic sources alone. The inability to attain energy independence makes a compelling case for nations to increasingly integrate their energy supply chains to international and regional energy markets. As a result, ensuring access to affordable energy has become a core interest of regional foreign relations. Therefore, if geopolitics permits, energy cooperation and interdependence become the ultimate and sustainable path towards energy security. Africa has tremendous potential ranging from hydrocarbons to renewable energies. Nevertheless, it has failed to provide adequate energy for its social and economic needs mainly due to poor governance and related challenges. Africa has to utilise such humongous and diversified energy resources by embracing an optimal energy mix that contributes to regional economic development and energy integration. Eastern Africa, home to various renewable energy resources, is one of the energy-poor regions in Africa. The prevailing energy system in the sub-region is hydro-based and lacks reliability. The sub-region has tremendous renewable energy resources such as wind, solar, and geothermal. Still, their utilisation is negligible due to several challenges, including governance and lack of access to finance and technology. This paper argues that an integrated and regional approach to developing the energy sector in Eastern Africa can address the energy-related challenges and contribute towards regional integration in Eastern Africa. In particular, the development of geothermal energy, within the optimal energy mix in the sub-region, for both power generation and direct use application will play a crucial role in forging energy integration in Eastern Africa. In this regard, regional institutions such as power pools and regional economic communities are indispensable.
 
Received: 27 June 2021 / Accepted: 5 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
Extending the Applicability and Convergence Domain of a Fifth-Order Iterative Scheme under Hölder Continuous Derivative in Banach Spaces
Authors: Sharma Debasis , Parhi Sanjaya Kumar , Sunanda Shanta Kumari
Published: September 2021

The most significant contribution made by this study is that the applicability and convergence domain of a fifth-order convergent nonlinear equation solver is extended. We use Hölder condition on the first Fréchet derivative to study the local analysis, and this expands the applicability of the formula for such problems where the earlier study based on Lipschitz constants cannot be used. This study generalizes the local analysis based on Lipschitz constants. Also, we avoid the use of the extra assumption on boundedness of the first derivative of the involved operator. Finally, numerical experiments ensure that our analysis expands the utility of the considered scheme. In addition, the proposed technique produces a larger convergence domain, in comparison to the earlier study, without using any extra conditions.
Management of Free Health Services in Hospital
Authors: Mardiyanti Siti , Rahayu Dewi , Karbito Ahmad , Adyas Atikah
Published: September 2021

The Government of Indonesia is obliged to provide guarantees for the fulfillment of the right to a healthy life for every citizen by enforcing the Social Security Administration (BPJS) for Health. The success of hospitals in carrying out their functions is marked by an increase in the quality of hospital services. To implement the implementation of SJSN in the BPJS program, the phenomenon of existing problems where the management of free health services in hospitals has not been carried out optimally, seeing some complaints in the community, therefore it is necessary to study the management of health services in terms of input, process and output. and 5M management at Tjokrodipo Hospital, Bandar Lampung City. This study aims to determine and describe the Management of Free Health Services at Tjokrodipo Hospital, Bandar Lampung City in 2021. This research is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach. The time of the study was carried out from May to June 2021 in Tjokrodipo Hospital Bandar Lampung Research subjects were selected using purposive sampling technique, researchers used data triangulation techniques and data processing carried out in this study was source triangulation. not available for BPJS patients, so patients are advised to look for other dispensaries, medical equipment such as patient beds are still lacking because during the pandemic, the availability of health human resources (HR), such as dentists and specialists are not in accordance with class C hospital standards, patients feel that the free health services provided are not good, the average patient complains of a lack of equipment such as uncomfortable beds and rooms because there are many patients.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL GAMES USAGE IN SCHOOL
Authors:   Samara Region Institute of Professional Development and Retraining of Educators, Zaitseva Е.А. , Nuzhdin A.V.
Published: September 2021

In a modern school, at different levels of education, popular systems various elements of physical education can and should be used, which simultaneously allow solving health-improving, developing, and educational tasks. The expediency of including folk outdoor games in the school curriculum is explained by the need to intensify physical activity in the classroom, increase the interest in learning through the use of national games. Different nations’ games have their own distinctive features. The games reflect the way of people life, work, national foundations, ideas about the ideal, social life, and the people history. Folk games allow you to preserve the national flavor of customs, the originality of self-expression of a particular people and convey to the next generations. Folk games have many functions: socio-cultural, educational, entertaining, diagnostic, corrective, communicative, etc. At the same time, the folk game has a powerful resource for educating students to respect the cultural heritage and traditions of the multinational people of the Russian Federation. The article describes some content and methodological aspects of the national games use in school.
VOICE AND SPEECH OF THE TEACHER AS A MEANS OF PEDAGOGICAL FASCINATION
Authors:   Samara State Social and Pedagogical University, Kolysheva T.A. , Kuzmina E.S.
Published: September 2021

The article examines vocal fascination as a phenomenon of pedagogical influence. The purpose of the article is to identify what techniques of voice fascination are necessary for a student-future teacher, how to master them in order to effectively use them in teaching and communicating with children in the classroom. The techniques of voice fascination necessary for a future teacher for effective use in teaching and communicating with children were revealed: expressive intonation, tempo, rhythm of speech, novelty effect, fascinating presentation of information, creating a holiday atmosphere, facial expressions, smile. On the example of the work of the "Theater of the Word KB Sargsyan" methods of voice and speech development in future teachers in the process of intoning a poetic text are revealed. The means of effective influence of the teacher's vocal fascination have been identified, which help to captivate, interest students in the learning process, and increase motivation.
Teacher-student teamwork is the key to success in inclusive education
Authors: Осекова Т.К. , Мадалиева К.А.
Published: September 2021

Авторы раскрывают основные проблемы и этапы становления инклюзивного образования, в которых возможность приобретения знаний доступна всем и особенно детям с ограниченными возможностями здоровья (ОВЗ), в Кыргызстане. Понятие «инклюзивное образование» определено как обеспечение равного доступа к образованию для всех обучающихся с учетом разнообразия особых образовательных потребностей и индивидуальных возможностей. Дети с ОВЗ в обычной общеобразовательной школе могут не только получить качественное образование, но и успешно адаптироваться к жизни. Отражены принципы и факторы инклюзивного образования, которые включают в себя доступность школьного образования для всех детей. Для реализации инклюзивного образования нужно обратить внимание на создание соответствующих условий в обществе и образовательном процессе, подготовку педагогов, способных создавать и внедрять инклюзивную образовательную среду в образовательных организациях.

The article reveals the main problems and stages of formation of inclusive education in which the opportunity to acquire knowledge is available to everyone, especially children with disabilities. The concept of «inclusive education» is defined as ensuring equal access to education for all students, taking into account the diversity of special educational needs and individual opportunities. Children with disabilities can not only get a high-quality education in a regular comprehensive school, but also successfully adapt to life. The principles and factors of inclusive education are reflected, with accessibility to school education for all children included. To implement inclusive education, attention should be paid to creating appropriate conditions both in society and educational process, as well as training teachers who are able to create and implement inclusive educational environment in educational organizations.
«The Book of delicious and healthy food» of the XXI century: social transformations and traditions
Authors: Попова О.Д.
Published: September 2021

В статье анализируется новое издание книги «О вкусной и здоровой пище» как источник по социальной истории. Кулинарный рецепт и практика его представления отражает особенности эпохи и времени. Проведенный анализ показал, что кулинарные книги в СССР испытывали влияние политической системы и обладали пропагандистскими функциями. Современное издание выявляет социальные трансформации, произошедшие в обществе.

This article is about a new edition of «The Book of delicious and healthy food». The author shows that the culinary recipe and the practice of its presentation reflect the peculiarities of the era and time. The USSR cookbooks are shown to be influenced by the political system and to serve as propaganda. The modern edition demonstrates the social transformations that have taken place in society.
Liatif Kerimov, Sattar Bahlulzade and Eldar Mikailzade: esthetics and symbolism
Authors: Мир-Багирзаде Ф.А.
Published: September 2021

Автор исследует творчество Лятифа Керимова, Саттара Бахлулзаде и Эльдара Микаилзаде. Немалую роль в становлении Эльдара Микаилзаде сыграли произведения Саттара Бахлулзаде, с которым он встречался в детстве и который пробудил в нем дух творчества. Под руководством Лятифа Керимова Э. Микаилзаде совершенствовал свои профессиональные навыки. Эльдар Микаилзаде привнес свое философское видение в веками сложившийся декоративный стиль ковров, а его произведения по праву занимают достойное место среди лучших образцов отечественного азербайджанского декоративно-прикладного искусства. Неординарные произведения живописца Саттара Бахлулзаде, художников по коврам Лятифа Керимова и Эльдара Микаилзаде передают молодому поколению национальные традиции, любовь к Родине, мастерству и, конечно, верность выбранной профессии.

The author explores the works of Liatif Kerimov, Sattar Bahlulzade and Eldar Hidayat oglu Mikailzade. A significant role in the formation of Eldar Mikailzade belongs to the works of Sattar Bahlulzade, whom he met when was a child and who awakened the spirit of creativity in him. Under the guidance of Liatif Kerimov, E. Mikailzade perfected his professional skills. Eldar Mikailzade brought his philosophical vision into the centuries-old decorative style of carpets, and his works rightfully occupy a worthy place among the best samples of Azerbaijani decorative and applied art. Unique works of painter Sattar Bahlulzade,
carpet artists Liatif Kerimov and Eldar Mikailzade pass on to the younger generation national traditions, love for the Motherland, craftsmanship, and loyalty to the chosen profession.
Cast iron artifact
Authors: Назаров В.Б.
Published: September 2021

Путешественник нечасто смотрит под ноги. А зря. Совсем небольшие и огромные канализационные люки и решетки интересны как творения рук человеческих и свидетели бурной жизни, что проносится над ними.
Ключевые слова: канализационный люк, водопровод, промышленное наследие, городская культура, коммунальное хозяйство, урбанистика, коллекция, ливневая решетка, городской ландшафт, коммуникации, чугун, торевтика, музей.

A traveler does not often look under his or her feet. However, in vain. Even small and more over huge sewer manholes and grates are interesting as the creations of human hands and witnesses of turbulent life that passes over them.
A Comparative Analysis of Misery Index and Its Impact on Health Indicators Across The Globe
Authors: Aishwarya  , Rajmohan  , Suganya.P  , Prabu.D  , Bharathwaj  , M.R.Prashanthy
Published: September 2021

Aim: This study aims to analyze the impact/relationship of the health indicators and the human developmentindex over the globe’s misery index.Materials and Method: In this paper, a comparative data analysis of the misery index, health indicators likemortality rate, disability rate, Quality of life index, and human development index, along with the rankingbased on the human development index, were done by tabulating the data collected from the electronicsources.Results: There was a strong correlation between the misery index, human development index, and healthindicators.Conclusion: This paper clearly shows that the misery index of a country was highly influenced by the healthindicators, such as the mortality rate, disability rate, and Quality of life. Further, the human developmentindex also had a comparative impact on the misery index of a country. Hence, this study depicted a descriptivestatistical relationship among the misery index, the health indicators (mortality rate, disability rate, Qualityof life) and the Human Development Index (HDI).
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Medication Error among Nursing Students in a Selected College at Mangaluru
Authors: Ajanya Shaju  , Aleesha Babu  , Dona Sebastian  , Mary Joseph  , Pavithra K
Published: September 2021

are all time high. The system of treatment is becoming more hi-tech and more sophisticated which isvulnerable to the errors at the same time. Effective medication error reporting is a necessary tool to preventand reduce its occurrence. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding medication erroramong nursing students.Methods: A Descriptive approach was adopted for the study. By Stratified Random sampling 125 NursingStudents were selected. The data was collected using Demographic Performa, Structured knowledgequestionnaire and Attitude scale. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statisticsusing SPSS version 16.0.Results: Results showed that majority 67.2% of the Nursing students had average knowledge and 88% hadpositive attitude towards the reporting of medication error. There was no significant correlation betweenknowledge and attitude among nursing student regarding medication error.Conclusion: The Study concluded that despite sufficient knowledge and favourable attitudes towardsmedication error reporting, there is still an under-reporting of medication errors when it comes to practice. Itwas clear that the nurses need specific information about what constitutes medication error.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis among Bedridden Patients in a Selected Hospital, Mangalore
Authors: Ann Sangeetha James  , Fiona George  , Grace Violet  , Jomol Sebastian  , Prashma Bharath
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The vascular system is a vast network of vessels through which blood circulates in the body.Blood leaving the ventricles is distributed through arteries and arterioles in progressively smaller branchesto the capillaries Deep vein thrombosis is a medical condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a deepvein. A world wide survey conducted by CDC shows that 900,000 people could be affected by DVT (1 to 2per 1,000) each year in the United States. Among people who have had a DVT, one-half will have long-termcomplications. DVT is a serious condition that can be life-threatening. However, it’s largely preventable andtreatable. Aim: To assess the knowledge and practice regarding prevention of deep vein thrombosis amongbedridden patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the bedriddenpatients of Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Mangalore. The content validity of the tool was establishedin consultation with 7 experts. The reliability of the tools were found to be r (6) = 0.8 and 0.7 which wasstatistically significant. The tools were found to be reliable. Non probability convenience sampling was usedto select the subjects for the study. Pilot study was conducted to find out the feasibility of the study. Datacollected from the 95 subjects were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS (Version23). Results: The findings of the study demonstrated that among 95 bedridden patients, that maximumpercentage (61%)were belonged to the age group of 47 years and above. Majority (72%) were males.(41%) of were completed primary education. Majority (62%) of the respondents were physically activeworkers.58% of subjects had inadequate knowledge and 42% of subjects had moderate knowledge and noneof the subjects had adequate knowledge on prevention of deep vein thrombosis and 22% of subjects had lowpractice, whereas majority 66% of respondents had moderate practice level and 12% of subjects had highpractice level. Mean knowledge score was 11.14 and mean practice score was 9.85. There existed a positiverelationship between knowledge and practice (correlation coefficient =0.662*) at 0.05 level of significance.The study also indicated that chi-square value of demographic variables have no significant association withknowledge scores and practice scores of bedridden patients.
Antifogging Measures for Protective Eyewear
Authors: Bharti Sachdeva  , Parul Saini
Published: September 2021

Fogging of protective eyewear is commonly encountered by healthcare workers and there exists a number ofways to combat this. This article presents a comparison various anti-fogging measures of protective eyewearin terms of their mechanism of action, advantages and disadvantages.
Women and Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights: Issues and Challenges due to Environmental Pollution and Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bijaylaxmi Mohapatra  , Itishri Sarangi
Published: September 2021

The situation emerging out of COVID-19 pandemic is not only just a health issue that has affected peoplebut it has entrenched structural and gender inequalities and inequities in addition to the economic shock,Women as care giver, at home and communities are at the more challenging end in terms of getting attentionand care across the societies, be at the rural, tribal or urban areas. degree of vulnerability has increased dueto COVID-19 in every sphere be it in domestic space, labour market or access to health care. Worse situationis the provision of sexual- and reproductive-health services where women face innumerable challengesto address them. (Linde & Gonzalez,2020). Further, rising environmental pollution has further worsenedthe health situation, particularly in case of sexual and reproductive health for women and girls. This paperexplores how women’s health is affected by Air pollution during COVID-19 situations. The paper discusseshow women’s health in general and particularly, sexual reproductive health is affected by COVID-19 andenvironmental pollution, particularly, Air pollution.
Relapse Prevention in Mental Illnesses: Concepts, Issues and Strategies with Perspectives of Psychiatric Nursing- Review Article
Authors: Mudakavi I  , Rentala S.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this review article was to explore and understand the concepts, issues and preventive strategiesof mental health relapse with psychiatric nursing perspectives and also to present a comprehensive conceptof relapse and its prevention in a narrative form based on the evidences from the various sources ofliterature. The review materials were included from the books, journals, news papers, online data base andgrey literature of last three decades to 2018. The significant articles were searched by using key words:“Relapse”, “Mental illness”, “Prevention of Relapse”, “Relapse AND Mental illness”, “Relapse PreventionAND Mental illness” in PubMed, CINHAL, PsychINFO SCOPUS and Google Scholar data bases. Basedon the relevant and significant facts found with respect to the aim of the review, concepts were evolved andevidence based narration was made under each concepts to understand prevention of mental health relapsewith regards to identification of issues and formulating strategies to overcome such issues with psychiatricnursing perspectives. The study concluded that, relapse is a major obstacle for recovery of mental illness,but can be preventable by addressing underlying issues with preventive approaches across various healthcare settings.
Association between Gestational Diabetes and Proinflammatory Cytokine(IL-1β)
Authors: Abdullah F. Yousif  , Raid M. H. Al-Salih  , Alaa H. Al-Naser
Published: September 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) defined according to the (World Health Organization) as glucoseintolerance of varying degrees of severity with start or first recognition during pregnancy. This definitionapplies whether or not insulin is needed and whether or not it disappears after pregnancy. It is not apply topregnant women with a pre-pregnancy diagnosis of T1DM or T2DM. This study included (150) pregnantwomen in first trimester (9-13 weeks) of pregnancy, during follow up in [late second trimester and earlythird trimester (24-28 weeks) of pregnancy], 75 of them diagnosed of GDM, and 75 of them without GDM(Control group).
Prevalence of Pediatric Gastroenteritis Disease in Al- Diwaniyah Governorate-Iraq
Authors: Abdulridha T.Sarhan  , Enas K. Alkhazraji  , Takwa S. Al-Meamar
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the gastroenteritis disease among hospitalized children inWomen and Children Hospital, Al-Diwaniyah Governorate-Iraq, between August 2020 and January2021.Data about age, gender, feeding, clinical symptoms and the causal agents were collected. A total of723 children were screened, 616 patients (85.2%) of the infants and children under five years oldwith gastroenteritis disease, including 332 patient males (53.9%) and 284 patient females (46.1%).The lowest infection was recorded among 60 infant patients (9.7%), while the highest infections wererecorded among 392 patients (63.6 %) of one year old as compared to 164 patients (26.6 %) amongchildren above one to five years old. Also, results revealed two types of diarrhea, acute and chronicdiarrhea. There was no significant difference between patients gender. The acute diarrhea was revealedthe highest percentage of all cases (78.4 %) and the remaining cases were chronic diarrhea (21.6%). Concerning the relation between the types of feeding and diarrhea, higher percentage (52.2%) wasrecorded with the bottle feeding, while the lowest percentage (20.1%) was with breast feeding. Theclinical symptoms among infected children hadgastroenteritis were diarrhea, stomach pains, vomiting,fever, urinary tract infection and malnutrition. Also, results showed that diarrhea infections usuallyhappen in the seasons with high-moderate temperatures. This study concluded that most significantfactors that caused the incidence of gastroenteritis in children were type of water, feeding or complementaryfeeding practices and mothers’ lack of care to reduce the risk of diarrhea among children under five yearsold.
Covid -19 : The Effects of Distance Learning in Indonesia based on a Commognitive Perspective
Authors: Adika Setyo Budi Lestari  , Toto Nusantara  , Susiswo  , Tjang Daniel Chandra  , Nonik Indrawatiningsih
Published: September 2021

Distance learning is a learning system that does not take place in one room and there is no face-to-faceinteraction between the teacher and the learner. This study aims to determine the impact of implementingdistance learning in Indonesia from a commognitive point of view. This research is a descriptive type ofresearch with a total of 543 participants who come from high school students in Pasuruan district, Indonesia.Data collection using a questionnaire. After the questionnaire is collected, it is analyzed using the Milesand Huberman method through reduction, display data, and conclusion, then it will be studied based on thecommognitive theory. The results show that based on commognitive studies, students are more likely to stillneed a visual mediator as a visible object to be used as a communication medium, its realization dependson the material context. Students need to communicate to ask questions related to material that has not beenunderstood. So it can be said that visual mediator is important during distance learning.
Isolation and Identification of Streptococcus pyogenes from Patients and Objects in Hospital Environment in Thi-Qarcity in Iraq
Authors: AdyanNafee Abbas  , Qasim Hassan Wida
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to screen Streptococcus pyogenes in the hospital and investigate the incidence of thisbacteria. The genotypes of the S.pyogenes in the study samples will be determined using 16Sr RNA and somevirulence factors(emm, scpA, speA genes).The majority of the samples (74.1%) were isolated from patientsat the emergency room and (25.9%) were from hospital environment (objects).The current study showed thatthe total of 215 patients with pharyngitis were included 118 (55%) males higher than 97 (45%) females. Thepatients’ ages ranged from 2 to 62 years, which were divided into four categories. The majority of patients65 (30.1%) of patients from 3 to 6 years old, 54 (25%) of patients less than 3years, 51 (23.6%) from 7 to 11years old, and 46 (21.3%) more than 12years. Six isolates sent for sequencing were after that submission inNCBI-GenBank database. The results of nucleotide sequence alignment of the isolates revealed that thereare multiple point mutations, four of them appeared as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and twoappeared in duplicate. Polymorphic sites (Mutations) of 6 S.pyogenes isolates.
The Role of Silver Nanoparticles Against Amoxicillin/ Clavulanate-Induced Liver Damage in the Female Rats
Authors: Afyaa Sabah Nasir  , Basheer Sadoon Taher
Published: September 2021

The current study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of silver nanoparticles against toxicityinduced by amoxicillin/clavulanate acid. Number of rats in the experiment are nine divided into three groupseach group has three rats. The first group is kept as control group and administrated normal saline, the secondis administered amoxicillin/clavulanate acid at dose 80 mg/kg and third group is administered amoxicillin/clavulanate acid at dose 80 mg/kg and silver nanoparticles at dose 50 mg/kg for 30 days. The results showsignificant increase (p<0.05) in the liver aminotransferase levels (AST, ALT and ALP), total protein andalbumin in addition significant increase (p<0.05) in the lipid profile total cholesterol TC, triglyceride TG,low density lipoprotein LDL, very low density lipoprotein VLDL and significant decrease (p<0.05) inthe high density lipoprotein HDL incompare with control group. In conclusion: silver nanoparticles hasbeneficial effectagainst side effects induced by amoxicillin/clavulanate acid in rats.
Developing an Infection Prevention and Control Educational Program for Critical Care Nurses:Intervention Mapping Protocol and Social Cognitive Theory
Authors: AhmadSabbah  , Rehanah Zain  , Rohani Ismail  , Siti Suraiya Noor  , Mahaneem Mohamed  , Norazliah Samsudin
Published: September 2021

Aim: This study aims to apply the Intervention Mapping protocol and Social Cognitive Theory in thedevelopment of an infection prevention and control education program aimed at critical care nurses.Background:Education programs have been widely used to improve awareness toward infection preventionand control, but the development of an integrated theory- and evidence-based education program tailored tocritical care nurses has not yet been discussed.Subject and Methods: Data are from the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia infection control records. The6-step Intervention Mapping protocol and the Social Cognitive Theory were used to develop an infectionprevention and control education material tailored to critical care nurses. The educational material was alsoinfluenced by Previous literature, hospital infection control committee, and in-charge nurses of intensivecare unit.Results: The educational material was tailored to target knowledge, self-efficacy, and risk perception thatidentified as the individual determinants of critical care nurses health behavior during assessment phase. Inaddition to physical environment and organizational support that determined as external determinants. Amatrix of change objectives was mapped out for each health behavior determinant, teaching methods, andtheir practical applications.Conclusion: Applying the Intervention Mapping protocol and the Social Cognitive Theory is effective indeveloping educational material tailored to critical care nurses to improve their self-confidence and promoteknowledge-based practice in infection prevention and control.
The Correlation Study between Some Biochemical Parameters of 256 Covid-19 Cases Considering Diabetes
Authors: Ahmed Ab. Jabbar
Published: September 2021

Background: Diabetic Mellitus is an independent risk factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), but data on the association of diabetes, acute kidney injury, and COVID-19 severityare limitedto Middle East populations.Materials and Methods: This cohort study aimed to investigate these associations in 256 patientssequentially admitted between June 2020 and November 2020, at Emirati Hospital/Erbil. The investigationincluded some main biochemical parameters including liver and kidney function tests. Data analysis wasprocessed by SPSS and the Pearson correlation pathway using log-converted data.Results: Diabetic patients showed the highest correlations between measured parameters, of which glucoselevel showed a positive correlation coefficient (0.13**) with C-reactive protein and other biochemicalparameters. Based on the glycemic status, COVID-19 patients were found in 3 groups, euglycemia groupwith an abundance of 148 (57.81%),hyperglycemiapatients were 67 (26.17%), and 41 of them were diabetics(16.01 %).The Diabetic group showed a significantly (0.0002) increased level of C-reactive Protein and Glucose incomparison with hyperglycemia [CRP 15.38 mg/dl vs 10.09mg/dl, glucose 429.75 mg/dl vs 160.62mg/dl] with a Significantly (0.00374) higher mortality rate (29.26%) than that (10.44%), and (6.75%) ofhyperglycemia, and euglycemia, respectively.Conclusion: Male COVID-19 cases showed higher correlations between the estimated parameters thanfemale cases. Diabetes was significantly associated with elevation of almost all kidney and liver functionparameters. Finally, diabetes followed by COVID-19 disease was related to severe complications and highermortality rates than nondiabetic COVID-19 cases.
Psychological Distress among Caregivers of Children with Down Syndrome at Al Najaf Province
Authors: Ahmed Burhan Abdulameer  , Arafat Hussein Al-Dujaili
Published: September 2021

Psychological Distress has recently been shown to have a negative impact on caregivers, but there has beenlittle longitudinal research on this subject. A sample (61) caregivers of children with Down Syndrome havebeen selected Al-Najaf Province centers. The researcher adapts and modifies the questionnaire to fulfillthe study’s objectives .The results of the study revealed that caregivers of children with DS have severelevel of psychological distress(38.7%). There is a significant relationship (P < 0.05) between PsychologicalDistress and some of the socio-demographic characteristics (child age , family member and trainings aboutdown syndrome). The present study recommends providing families with Educational programs to increaseparents knowledge about etiology, signs and symptom and treatment of stress and Providing scientificbooklet, publication and journal about stress. In addition to increasing schools and institutes specialized ineducating children with Down syndrome, as they are few in the province of Najaf, and some of them are farfrom their places of residence
Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antibiofilm Activities of Rosmarinus Officinalis Essential Oil Extract
Authors: Ahmed H. AL-Azawi  , Kais Kassim Ghaima  , Noor Saad Latteef  , Alaa Aziz Abdulhassan
Published: September 2021

Biological activities of essential oils from various plants, including Rosemary, have been attributed to thepresence of specific chemical compounds with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.The aim of this study is to estimate the antioxidant and antifungal activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essentialoil extract. The study included the extraction of essential oil using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemicalcompositions were evaluated by GC-MS and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).Therosemary essential oil extract was tested with regard to antioxidant utilizing 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay. Microtiter plate Assay used to determine the antifungal and antibiofilm activity. The resultshowed that the GC-MS analysis revealed that the major components determined in R. officinalis essentialoil were linalool (17.09 %), L- Borneol (11.92 %), Verbenone (8.52 %), camphor (5.30 %), Eucalyptol(4.79 %), while the chemical compositions identified by HPLC shows four phenolic acids were identifiedin the essential oil, Rosmarinic acid, Caffeic acid, p-Coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and lignans(medioresinol), while Isorhamnetin was the only flavonol detected. The free radicals scavenging activityincreased gradually with the increase in the concentration of essential oil which was 81.59 % whencompared with BHT and V.C (92.34 and 97.42) respectively. The results of the antifungal activity revealedthat Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of C. albicans and C. krusei was 3.125%, while the MIC of C.glabrata was 12.5% in contrast with the highest MIC which recorded for C. tropicalis at 25% of rosemaryessential oil. The current results revealed that the reduction of bofilm formation among C. albicans andC. krusei was obvious at the lower concentration (1.56%), where the percentage of biofilm formation inC. albicans was (91.25%) and C. krusei was (84.25%), while C. tropicalis exhibit (86.32%) for biofilmreduction at the concentration (12.5%) of rosemary essential oil, also it was found that the effect of essentialoil on C. glabrata biofilm formation was at the concentrations 3.125% and 6.25%. The findings of this studyindicated to the significant effect of rosemary essential oil against the growth and biofilm formation of theimportant pathogenic yeast C. albicans at low concentrations.
Comparison between 3 Different Types of Mouthwash on the Healing Process of Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Ammar Alwan Ali  , Zainab Kasim Mohammad  , Abeer Isam Abdulhameed
Published: September 2021

Dental plaque is the principal etiological agent for the development and progression of gingival andperiodontal diseases. Three different mouthwash types were compared in this study for the periodontalhealing process based on the results. For all bacterial strains, the culture type collection is used. The serialdilution process is used for preparing every mouthwash and adding it to the tubes with a specific dilution. Incertain microorganisms of the respective mouthwash, the last tube dilution that does not show any turbiditywill be considered MIC. The three types of mouthwashes were compared in terms of the ability to inhibitmicrobial growth. Twenty-four hours after the agar was solidified and the colony forms (CFU) units counted,the plates were incubated. This study showed that bacterial growth inhibition might occur in the three typesof mouthwash. Boht, Behsa and Kin-gingival mouthwashes had a significant difference in their antimicrobialeffect. This study showed that they were unable to perform s after 24 hours of in vitro incubation while thebacterial count was lowered after two weeks of in vivo use in the boht washings. Continuous exposure tobacteria may be necessary to wash the mouth, especially for Behsa and Boht. It is difficult to remove allbacteria from the mechanical plaque controls; antibacterial mouthwash can cause additive. In the currentstudy, three types of mouthwash have compared antimicrobial effects. The results showed only that bacterialcounts are affected by mouthwash. Based on this study’s results, Boht mouthwash is more effective thanKin Gingival and Behsa mouthwash for oral microorganisms, but further clinical studies are necessary toconfirm our findings.