bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programação dinâmica paralela em GPU para os problemas da mochila uni e bi-dimensional
Authors: Lemos Dayllon V. X. , Longo Humberto J. , Martins Wellington S.
Published: November 2022

O trabalho apresenta algoritmos paralelos de granularidade fina, baseados em programação dinâmica, para a resolução do Problema da Mochila Uni e Bi-Multidimensional. É apresentado também um algoritmo para a resolução conjunta de várias instâncias do problema. Os testes computacionais realizados com implementações dos algoritmos em GPU mostraram um ganho de eficiência considerável, em comparação às suas versões sequenciais.
PA-Star-Web: web server para obtenção do alinhamento múltiplo ótimo de sequências biológicas
Authors: de Oliveira Enéias Paulo , Sundfeld Daniel
Published: November 2022

A comparação de sequências é uma das operações mais importantes da Bioinformática. Ao se comparar múltiplas sequências, o problema torna-se complexo e exige uma alta quantidade de memória e tempo computacional. O PA-Star é uma ferramenta que obtém o alinhamento múltiplo ótimo de múltiplas sequências. No entanto, essa ferramenta produz resultados exclusivamente através da linha de comando. Neste trabalho, propomos um web server para disponibilizar o acesso aos resultados com um navegador web. O web server foi planejado para ser implementado em múltiplas máquinas virtuais em um provedor de computação em nuvem e que podem ser aumentadas para se ajustar a demanda de trabalho.
Investigating the impact of demographic and device information in the recommendation of mobile applications
Authors: Souza Raissa P. P. M. , Figueiredo Leonardo J. A. S. , Silva Mateus P. , Silva Fabrício A. , Silva Thais R. M. B. , Loureiro Antônio A. F.
Published: November 2022

The number of people with access to mobile devices, as well as applications to these devices (i.e., apps), has been increasing significantly. Thus, users have to choose among a large number of apps proposing to do the same functions, those that better serve them. A possible solution to this problem is the adoption of recommendation systems. Meanwhile, usually these systems consider only users' preferences to create a profile or request sensitive data (e.g., call and message logs). This work investigates the impact of using demographic and device information on app recommendation by using only easy-to-obtain data to enrich a user profile. We evaluate two approaches: a similarity-based Collaborative Filtering with a limited number of apps and a topic-based approach (i.e., LDA) with wider large-scale data. We also inspected the results under both apps and categories context. The general results reveal that the enriched data provides a better app recommendation with the addition of information about the user's region mean wage achieving up to 210% (or 12 percentage points) of improvement in terms of recall.
Um processo de design para acessibilidade de usuários surdos
Authors: Rocha Marina da Silva , Marques Anna Beatriz
Published: November 2022

Este estudo tem por finalidade estender um processo de design de interface proposto para a acessibilidade de usuários autistas, tornando-o adequado para a acessibilidade de usuários surdos. O uso do processo foi analisado, identificando oportunidades de melhorias garantindo assim uma maior acessibilidade a usuários surdos. A metodologia consiste em: identificação de oportunidades de extensão do processo, evolução e análise do processo, e obtenção de lições aprendidas e oportunidade de melhorias. A prototipação de uma interface de rotina de crianças surdas foi obtida. Pretende-se contribuir para um melhor desenvolvimento de processos de design de interface direcionado a crianças surdas.
Investigando o pensamento de docentes e discentes de cursos TIC com relação à privacidade durante uso de redes sociais
Authors: da Silva Mônica , Viterbo Filho José , Salgado Luciana Cardoso de Castro
Published: November 2022

As redes sociais impulsionam o compartilhamento das informações pessoais e tornam a privacidade das pessoas cada vez mais vulnerável. Docentes e discentes de cursos de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação são consumidores e produtores de tecnologias digitais. Neste estudo, investigamos a frequência que docentes e discentes desse perfil se preocupam com a privacidade durante o uso de sistemas (e.g., redes sociais, aplicativos, internet). Em nossa pesquisa exploratória obtivemos 91 respostas válidas. Com base nos dados, observamos que já existem participantes que sempre ou frequentemente se preocupam com a privacidade durante o uso das aplicações, sendo que os resultados ficaram acima de 50%.
Um Estudo sobre Descrição de Imagens em Mídias Sociais Online na Perspectiva de Pessoas com Cegueira Congênita
Authors: Sacramento Carolina , Leal Ferreira Simone Bacellar , Remedios Sara
Published: November 2022

Um grande desafio dos usuários de leitores de tela no uso das mídias sociais online é a interação com as milhares de imagens postadas diariamente, já que os leitores ainda não são capazes de interpretá-las. Apesar de algumas iniciativas existentes para descrever imagens, ao considerar pessoas que nunca experimentaram o sentido da visão (cegos congênitos ou sem memória visual), questiona-se se existem particularidades e diferenças na forma em que eles descrevem o mundo, representado por fotografias, em comparação com videntes. Neste artigo apresenta-se os resultados de exercícios de descrição, com participação de cegos congênitos e videntes, no intuito de identificar as particularidades e diferenças nas descrições feitas e verificar se um conjunto de questões para auxiliar a descrição proposta na literatura contempla os elementos utilizados na descrição feita por quem tem cegueira congênita.
Wissenstransfer im Dialog
Authors: Schelle Regine , Blatter Kristine
Published: November 2022

Entscheidende Voraussetzung für einen gelingenden Transfer wissenschaftlichen Wissens ins praktische Handeln ist der Dialog zwischen den Beteiligten. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse einer Studie vor, die die Bedingungen dieses Dialogs auf Seite der Praxis wie auch der Forschung in den Blick nimmt.
Makropraxis Sozialer Arbeit in den USA
Authors: Rießen Anne van , Fehlau Michael
Published: November 2022

Soziale Arbeit ist aus einer emanzipatorischen Perspektive herausgefordert, auf verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Ebenen zu intervenieren, um die Lebensbedingungen von Menschen zu verbessern, die von sozialer Benachteiligung betroffen sind. Der Artikel stellt entsprechende Konzepte US-amerikanischer Macro Social Work vor, um sie auf ihr Potenzial für eine (re-)politisierte Praxis Sozialer Arbeit im deutschsprachigen Raum zu befragen.
Forschung mit und für die (Zivil-)Gesellschaft
Authors: Adam Laura , Schnapp Kai-Uwe
Published: November 2022

Das Forschungsbüro für Soziale Innovation (»Research Office for Social Innovation« - ROSI) vermittelt forschungsbasierte Kooperationsprojekte, in denen sich Akteur*innen aus Gesellschaft, Politik und Wirtschaft gemeinsam mit unabhängigen Forschenden und Studierenden der Bewältigung realer und relevanter gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen widmen.
King Lear - Die Tragödie des Zuschauers
Authors: Mayer Mathias
Published: November 2022

Die Verweigerung und schließlich die Erlernung von Empathie rücken Funktionen des Zuschauens in den Mittelpunkt des »King Lear« – und seiner Rezeption.

Mit diesem Buch entwirft Mathias Mayer eine neue Sicht auf Shakespeares dunkelste Tragödie, in der es die Funktion einer Zuschauerrolle zu entdecken gilt: Das Publikum bekommt Vorgänge zu sehen, die in raffinierter Weise vom Zuschauen handeln, von Beobachtung und Teilnahme. Gewalt, Mitleid und Versöhnung werden auf der Bühne gezeigt, aber auch gesehen und kommentiert. Dabei entwickelt sich ein Szenarium von der verweigerten zur gelernten Empathie. Die ästhetische Reaktion gewinnt daraus ein ethisches Profil.

Shakespeare reagiert auf den Vorwurf vieler Theaterkritiker seiner Zeit, gerade die Tragödie laufe Gefahr, das Publikum durch seine Sympathielenkung zu fesseln und zu schwächen. Er erschafft im Tragödienverlauf immer wieder Rollen eines Zuschauers, der einer Logik der Einfühlung – im Guten wie im Schlechten – folgt. Sie erweist sich – in den Heideszenen oder der Versöhnung mit Cordelia – als so zwingend, dass diese Einfühlung über die Katastrophe hinaus die reichhaltige »Lear«-Rezeption (von Balzac bis Beckett) prägt.
Stellvertretung
Authors: Trüstedt Katrin
Published: November 2022

Was heißt es, für andere zu sprechen? Was, wenn für einen gesprochen wird?

Gegenwärtige Krisen geben der Frage nach dem Sprechen und Handeln für andere eine neue Dringlichkeit. Wie tritt man für diejenigen ein, deren Stimme nicht gehört wird? Für Staatenlose, künftige Generationen, nichtmenschliche Akteure, Umwelten? Die Frage nach den Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Repräsentation stellt sich vor diesem Hintergrund neu und kann durch die hier einspringende Technik der Stellvertretung anders gewendet werden. Dabei erweist sich diese Technik nicht als bloße Ausnahme für vermeintliche Grenzfälle. Vielmehr wohnt der Stellvertretung, wie dieses Buch zeigt, einem jeden Sprechen und Handeln inne. In der Geschichte der theatralen, theologischen, juridischen und narrativen Modelle der Stellvertretung zeigt sich die

konstitutive Ambivalenz solcher Auftrittsszenen: Stellvertretung kann gerade diejenigen, die sonst nicht gehört werden, hervortreten lassen; als Vertretung der Stelle verdoppelt und spaltet sie diese aber gleichzeitig und droht eben jene zu verdrängen, die sie vertritt.

In Lektüren von Aischylos über Shakespeare und Hobbes, Kleist und Kant, bis hin zu Kafka und den »ecopoetics« entfaltet Katrin Trüstedt die vielschichtige Archäologie der Stellvertretung. Dabei zeichnet sich auch eine andere Geschichte der Person ab, die nur vermeintlich einfach selbst sprechen kann, aber doch auf die Struktur der Stellvertretung verwiesen bleibt. Entgegen dem Versuch ihrer Überwindung und Verinnerlichung im Subjekt will dieses Buch die interpersonale Technik der Stellvertretung in all ihrer Komplexität entfalten, um so eine dynamischere Szene der Person und der Repräsentation zu eröffnen.
Impacts of Masculinity on Men’s Health in Maseru, Lesotho
Authors: Peter Tseole Nkeka
Published: November 2022

Masculinity is a health determinant for men and a risk factor for non-communicable diseases. This chapter explores how dominant masculinity influences lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases focusing on adult men. The study conducted eight exploratory focus group discussions with adult men from Maseru, Lesotho. The participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Thematic analysis processes were followed to analyse data. The participants’ rationales and behaviours indicated dependence on women for healthy living even though men claimed taking responsibility as one of the key descriptions for a man. Smoking was perceived as one of the practices used to prove masculinity. Participants were informed about the unfavourable impacts of smoking. Stress, leisure time and peer pressure were reported as contributing factors to harmful alcohol consumption among participants. Many participants understood the benefits from healthy diets, however, they depended on females for healthy meals. Nearly all the men were aware of the health benefits of physical activities. Participants were aware of the undesirable effects of physical inactivity. Participants reported various challenges to effective physical activities and classified some activities as suitable for middle-class individuals. Health education focused on men is critical in order to alleviate the negative impacts of masculinity on men’s health.
Perspective Chapter: Leading Welfare Organisations from an Integrated Leadership Approach - Responding to Modern Social Problems
Authors: Robert Lekganyane Maditobane
Published: November 2022

Organisational leadership plays an important role in addressing societal problems. For welfare organisations, effective leadership is even more crucial given the nature of problems presented to these organisations, which are complex and affecting mostly vulnerable population groups. Despite the contribution of traditional leadership approaches in resolving some of the social problems, research evidence have proven that the traditional approaches to leadership have not been effective, with some researchers calling for an integrated approach to leadership. The call is considered legitimate given the complexity and dynamic nature of social problems to which welfare organisations respond. A leadership approach for an organisation should adapt to the broad and diverse contexts in which welfare organisations exist (including its own internal environment) in order to effectively respond to these complex and diverse social issues that are often presented for intervention. The aim of this chapter is to argue for an integrated leadership approach as an appropriate leadership approach for leading a welfare organisation. Drawing from the leader-oriented and relationship-oriented approaches to leadership, the chapter demonstrates how the conventional approaches to leadership can be adopted interchangeably or even collectively in an integrated fashion to respond to a single-presenting problem within the welfare organisational context.
Preventive Prison as the Last Ratio
Authors: Patricia Cobos Campos Amalia , Patricia González Cobos Claudia
Published: November 2022

There are many debates that arise in relation to the deterrent, social and even rehabilitative utility of pretrial detention. This work starts from the assumption that it should be used as a last ratio and not prima facie as it currently happens, by virtue of the fact that it has no preventive or rehabilitative function in the commission of crimes and, on the contrary, it sometimes causes irreparable harm, particularly in the case of primary offenders. Legal hermeneutics and epistemology are used as research methods and as the main technique for the review of specialized literature and statistics that allow confirming the hypothesis and reaching valid conclusions.
Perspective Chapter: The Power of Our Mind – How to Educate Children to Adopt Mindfulness Practice and Positive Reflection on Both Academic and Social Change Achievement
Authors: Thi My Ha Pham
Published: November 2022

Children Education with Buddhist relevance: Life is constantly changing, and world has been facing the most challenging period over the two recent decades due to advancement of technology and its influence leading people and living things to witness unmeasurable values both of materials and of spirituality. Thus, nurturing young generation to develop their kindness and appreciation toward the distinct values constructed by their ancestors might leave educators, parents, authorities, religious leaders great concern how to positively scaffold children to understand that co-existence of humans and nature is becoming the matter of the age. In practice, most of governments and individuals are observing humans materialistically interfering the world around them so much that the nature does response: natural disaster, pandemic. With this consideration, spiritual education, the core plans of the development of a community, as well as a country, have been the major attribute to continuously transform the strategies of governments to develop their countries, and to adapt to the new era, the age of artificial intelligence—the age that human minds need far more nurturing than ever. In individuals’ mindsets, perhaps, development of society should be considered first; dramatic changes of community should also be prioritized. Their reasoning toward this concept might be meaningful in case they are living in the commercial areas, or industrial zones. Although we could have learned that the global economy reshapes the world as its own way, people qualities require to be in the course of rounded trainings much more than ever. With the experience as a Buddhist nun, working with more than a thousand children in village schools in Bihar, the application of Buddhist study in implementation of three schools, one is in Vaisali and two others in Kolhua and Bodhgaya, where 2,400 children practicing balancing themselves, appreciating their mindfulness really benefits children in the primitive conditions without the electricity grid or the Internet connection.
New and Emerging Disease Threats to Forest Plantations in Sarawak Borneo, Malaysia
Authors: Ambrose Annya , Liam Jack , Terhem Razak
Published: November 2022

The planted forest area in Sarawak is the largest planted forest in Malaysia, which has been developed since 1997 to sustain the decline in the production of natural forests. As of December 2021, the total area of plantation forests reached 551,704 hectares (ha), dominated by fast-growing exotic species mainly Acacia species (55%), Falcataria moluccana (15%) and Eucalyptus (14%). The study showed Acacia was infected with red root rot disease of Ganoderma philippii and brown root rot of Phellinus noxius, Ceratocystis wilt disease caused by Ceratocystis. fimbriata sensu stricto (s.s) complex and pink disease caused by Erythricium salmonicolor, while F. moluccana was infected by gall disease namely Uromycladium falcatarium. Eucalyptus pellita diseases were infected namely by G. philippii red root rot disease, stem canker disease caused by Botryosphaeriaceae pathogen and bacterial wild disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Ceratocystis wilt disease of Acacia mangium shows disease incidence (DI) accounted at 68% (serious) as compared with other diseases observed in this study. This will be the first baseline study that is conducted to observe and assess the diversity of the present, new and emerging pathogens and the damage they cause to exotic planted species of Sarawak.
The Psychoanalytic Crisis: The Place of Ego in a Contemporary World
Authors: Kouzak Campos Da Paz Valeska , Reimann Erika
Published: November 2022

Psychoanalysis rose at the end of the nineteenth century as a possibility of reintegrating the mind and body. This came up as proposing a theory that empirically demonstrates that emotions create symptoms in the body. Psychoanalysis introduces a subject moved by desires, governed by the unconscious. Since then, in a dialectic perspective, search and offer to society a counterpoint view of current thought, offering new insights and reflection, bringing enlightenment of what is obscure in individuals’ internal life. The contemporary psychoanalytic crisis comes from conflict avoidance, not worrying in the integrative view, falling into a trap of “politically correct,” that is, accepting what is advocated, without questioning, not putting on the agenda the obscure side effects in human beings, the Unconscious. Therefore, in a psychoanalytic theoretical perspective, this chapter has the aim to reflect about the psychic suffering inside a body identity, without getting into sociological and anthropological meanings about the shaping of social identity. This study seeks to present the psychic suffering of the unidentified body, which not always will find resolution in an aesthetic procedure that might be belonging to a fantasy and identity recognition.
The Importance of Packaging in Certified Organic Food: A Matter of Conscience
Authors: Carvalho Esteves Rosana
Published: November 2022

Organic food production offers many advantages and is more environmentally friendly than conventional food. However, despite the certification guaranteeing organic management, soil and water preservation, and social well-being, it generally does not assess the type of packaging the food is sold in. The legislation of some countries, such as Brazil, does not require the use of biodegradable packaging. Thus, it is common to find organic food sold in plastic or styrofoam packaging, making it ecologically incorrect throughout its life cycle. This study demonstrates the importance of consumer awareness and how it can act in a global paradigm shift, demanding greater environmental responsibilities from those who produce the food. Also, the role of consumers, fulfilling their part as non-polluting agents, is essential for ecological well-being. A qualitative meta-analysis showed that, although green consumers are gradually increasing, they are still in the minority. For the time being, they are currently insufficient to generate significant changes in the production chain. Because of this, it is important that public, technological, and environmental institutions talk about these issues more and start calling for specific laws about the right way to use packaging, especially for certified organic foods.
Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash: An Agricultural Residue with Potential Rubber Filler Applications
Authors: S. Seroka Ntalane , Taziwa Raymond , Khotseng Lindiwe
Published: November 2022

South Africa produces approximately 7 million tons of sugarcane bagasse annually as an agricultural residue, which is treated as waste and its disposal is known to have negative impacts on the environment. To lessen reliance on petroleum and polymers, consideration is given on use of sugarcane bagasse ash as substitute materials for the development of fillers for rubber and other large-scale commodity polymers. This work reports on the mechanical, physiochemical, and structural properties of sugarcane bagasse ash to define the compatibility with the specific polymers that will pave way to the engineering of composites to utilize the potential benefits of these residue-derived fillers. The structural and morphological properties of the untreated and treated sugarcane bagasse ash were performed using XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX, respectively. The obtained results confirmed the successful treatment of the sugarcane bagasse ash. The study was successful in showing that sugarcane bagasse ash as potential filler in rubber polymer matrix is a natural resource of silica, which is sustainable and cost-effective, thus should be harnessed for industrial purposes in South Africa.
Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions as Value-Based and Culturally Adapted EBPs for Autistic Individuals
Authors: Wang Mian , Schuck Rachel , M.P. Baiden Kaitlynn
Published: November 2022

Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) are child-centered and motivation-based interventions for autistic children. Though they hold great promise due to their naturalistic implementation and focus on children’s strengths, there have been recent calls to improve NDBIs such that they are more aligned with the neurodiversity approach. Central to this argument is the notion that autistic clients and their families should find the intervention acceptable. This chapter describes how NDBIs differ from other behavioral interventions, what their strengths are, and how they can continue to be improved. More specifically, we focus on expanding target NDBI outcomes to include more distal, family centered variables (such as family quality of life); improving the social validity of NDBIs; and how NDBIs can be implemented using a tiered support system.
Prophylactic Ribonucleic Acid Vaccines to Combat RNA Viral Infections in Humans
Authors: Vlasova-St. Louis Irina , Abadie Jude
Published: November 2022

Vaccines have evolved as widely applicable and available prophylaxes against infectious diseases. Advances in ribonucleic acid technologies revolutionized the biopharmaceutical field of vaccine manufacturing. Numerous novel mRNA-based vaccines that have been approved by the United States and European regulatory agencies are proven to be safe and effective in preventing disease. This chapter presents the history of RNA vaccine development in the context of preventing diseases caused by RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV, influenza, Chikungunya, Zika, RSV, PIV, HMPV viruses, Rabies, and Ebola. Advantages, disadvantages, and challenges in mRNA vaccine engineering, delivery, and safety are discussed. The formulation, safety, long-term effectiveness, and requirements for booster immunizations are presented using data from clinical trials. The results of these clinical trials highlight important milestones, setbacks, and ultimate advancements in vaccine development. mRNA vaccines have significantly impacted public health in a relatively short time, and they demonstrate great potential in serving as clinical public health prophylaxis against current and future pandemics. Future development is likely to include polyvalent, mosaic, and strain/lineage-specific individualized vaccines.
Reinforcing Positive Cognitive States with Machine Learning: An Experimental Modeling for Preventive Healthcare
Authors: Morande Swapnil , Tewari Veena , Gul Kanwal
Published: November 2022

Societal evolution has resulted in a complex lifestyle where we give most attention to our physical health leaving psychological health less prioritized. Considering the complex relationship between stress and psychological well-being, this study bases itself on the cognitive states experienced by us. The presented research offers insight into how state-of-the-art technologies can be used to support positive cognitive states. It makes use of the brain-computer interface (BCI) that drives the data collection using electroencephalography (EEG). The study leverages data science to devise machine learning (ML) model to predict the corresponding stress levels of an individual. A feedback loop using “Self Quantification” and “Nudging” offer real-time insights about an individual. Such a mechanism can also support the psychological conditioning of an individual where it does not only offer spatial flexibility and cognitive assistance but also results in enhanced self-efficacy. Being part of quantified self-movement, such an experimental approach could showcase personalized indicators to reflect a positive cognitive state. Although ML modeling in such a data-driven approach might experience reduced diagnostic sensitivity and suffer from observer variability, it can complement psychosomatic treatments for preventive healthcare.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Escherichia coli in the Purview of Public Health Monitoring
Authors: Dhumal Pankti , Bajpai Srashti , Garge Nachiket , Bhatt Agrima , Rampurwala Fatema , Sulaimani Nishat , Gaikwad Shikha , Roy Utpal , Mishra Manasi , Deshmukh Rehan
Published: November 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major threat to human, animal, and environment health in the developed as well as the developing nations. The usage of antibiotics outside of the prescribed parameters in both the healthcare and livestock sectors is directly tied to this resistance event. Additionally, several Escherichia coli strains harbor the AMR genes, which can be transferred to humans leading to public health problems. Depending on the type of antibiotics used, E. coli has evolved to prowess several resistance mechanisms. Resistance genes that are horizontally transmissible also encode this resistance mechanism. Different resistance genes for each class of antibiotics are encoded by resistant E. coli. In conclusion, the current chapter ushers light on the molecular evolution of resistance and the regulatory genes contributing to the development of MDR in E. coli. Moreover, we have also discussed about the inappropriate practices of prescribing the antibiotics leading to intensifying the MDR in bacteria envisaging the implementation of rigorous guidelines for proper use of antibiotics in human beings.
Physical Volcanology and Facies Analysis of Silicic Lavas: Monte Amiata Volcano (Italy)
Authors: Vezzoli Luigina , Principe Claudia , Giordano Daniele , La Felice Sonia , Landi Patrizia
Published: November 2022

Monte Amiata (Italy) is a middle Pleistocene silicic volcano characterized by the extrusion of extensive (5–8 km long and 60 m thick on average) sheet-like lava flows (SLLFs). It is one of the prime volcanoes that have been involved in the volcanological debate on the genetic interpretation of large silicic flows. We performed integrated stratigraphic, volcanological, and structural field survey and petrochemical study of Monte Amiata SLLFs to describe their volcanic facies characteristics and to elucidate their eruptive and emplacement processes. Individual flow units exhibit basal autoclastic breccia beds or shear zones, frontal ramp structures, massive cores with subvertical cooling columnar jointing, coherent non-vesicular upper parts, and plain surfaces with pressure ridges. Internal shear-bedding and crystals and vesicles lineations define planar to twisted and straightened outflow layering. The absence of fragmental textures, both at micro- and macro-scale, supports the effusive nature for the SLLFs. The most common lithology is a vitrophyric trachydacite of whitish to light-gray color, showing a homogeneous porphyritic texture of K-feldspar, plagioclase, pyroxene, and biotite, in a glassy perlitic or microcrystalline poorly vesicular groundmass. Morphological features, facies characteristics, internal structure, and petrographic textures of these silicic sheet-like and long-lasting flows suggest that their effusive emplacement was governed by peculiar physicochemical and structural conditions.
Methodological Approach in the Development of Specific Games in Elite Soccer
Authors: Vilamitjana Javier , Calleja-Gonzalez Julio , Marqués-Jiménez Diego
Published: November 2022

In games such as soccer, where the stability and the possibility of replicating game situations are complex, teams and players continually deal with a highly unstable cooperative and non-cooperative environment. Thus, synchronized cooperation among players during training sessions is a fundamental factor, which many times contributes to a team’s success. In this context, there are some specific drills that attempt to challenge and create meaningful contexts in order to simulate match situations as closely as possible. Small-sided games are play-sport situations in which all elements of the game interact together in a flexible manner. However, there are a variety of small-sided games in elite soccer, such as possession games and positional games, which may present specific characteristics and stimulate different physical-physiological demands. An adequate selection and implementation of these games may help coaches to promote positive adaptations and performance improvements. Thus, this chapter provides practical tips to modulate the physical-physiological responses and technical-tactical requirements of the players using a variety of game formats during soccer training sessions.
Genomic Consequences of Ovarian Cancer with Respect to DNA Damage and Repair Mechanism
Authors: Verma Sonali , Chander Gresh , Shah Ruchi , Kumar Rakesh
Published: November 2022

Ovarian cancer is not a single disorder having different histological types which are associated with germline or somatic mutations. Histological types include epithelial cancers that account for ~90% of ovarian cancers and include serous, endometrioid, clear-cell and mucinous carcinomas. There are several risk factors for developing ovarian cancer which includes a genetic factor, age, use of hormonal therapy after menopause, null parity, infertility and other factors including obesity, lifestyle, dietary habits. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are germ line mutations which are completely associated with epithelial ovarian cancer. Germ line mutations in DNA repair pathway which increase the risk of ovarian cancer such as RAD51C, RAD51D, BRIP1, BARD1, and PALB2. To understand the mechanism of progression of ovarian cancer it is very important to explore the mechanism behind the abruption of DNA repair genes that are associated with a high risk of ovarian cancer (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2). The study of these DNA repair genes holds a promise for identifying the women at high risk of developing the ovarian cancer in early stages. The main aim of this review is to investigate the development and progression of ovarian cancer and to explore the various genetic and non-genetic perspectives of cancer with special emphasis to personalized medicine.
Youth Volunteering: New Norms for Policy and Practice
Authors: Shaw Aileen , Dolan Pat
Published: November 2022

Young people engaging in volunteering are encountering some of the greatest, unanticipated challenges facing society in decades including the impact of Covid-19, the rise in extreme poverty and an increase in the number of migrants and displaced persons globally. Youth volunteering is understood as embracing a wide range of civic and societal objectives. It acts to encourage young people to become active citizens and agents of positive change for communities. It has a role in providing developmental opportunities to young people including pathways to education, training and work. While some characterisations of volunteering highlight benefits it accords at the individual level, increasingly, policy responses are focusing on the ‘other-oriented’ elements that contribute to an inclusive, committed and tolerant society. This paper examines the potential role of volunteering in fostering a culture of citizenship, democracy and social cohesion among youth, in particular, an emerging focus on empathy and global consciousness as key elements of policy and practice.
On the Nonlinear Transient Analysis of Structures
Authors: Trcala Miroslav , Němec Ivan , Gálová Adéla
Published: November 2022

This chapter consists of four sub-chapters the first of them is the introduction. The second sub-chapter discusses the suitability of the explicit and implicit methods for seismic analysis of buildings exposed to a substantially nonlinear response. Taking into account a duration typical for earthquakes from several seconds to about twenty seconds, it seems that the implicit method is more suitable. Because of the shape of accelerograms, it is needed to use quite short time steps. Both methods were compared for a heavily nonlinear response, typical for seismicity. The third subchapter discusses the analysis of the time-dependent behavior of concrete using nonlinear time-dependent material models during fast dynamic actions. Huge plastic yielding or damage of the material is reached. The fourth sub-chapter discusses sources of dynamical damping that are needed in earthquake analysis. This subchapter aims to take into account the influence of different kinds of damping in the dynamic analysis of structures. More advanced analysis taking into account the various sources of damping, i.e., material viscosity, plasticity/damage, and friction in connections and supports is strongly recommended in the earthquake analysis.
Stakeholders of the Online Pharmaceutical Market
Authors: Fittler András , Fittler Márton , György Vida Róbert
Published: November 2022

During the past two decades, the pharmacy supply chain has developed a new segment besides traditional “brick and mortar” pharmacies. The expansion of the internet, consumer experience in online purchases, the ease of mail order trade, and distance selling have facilitated the growth of the internet pharmacy landscape. Changes in health-seeking behavior, patient empowerment, and openness to self-diagnosis and self-treatment have also contributed to the phenomenon and were further facilitated by the pandemic. Various types of online medicinal product sellers have been published previously, however, authors have classified online pharmacies mainly according to legality and patient safety considerations. As online pharmacies show great diversity, no distinct categories can be specified, rather pharmacies on the web can be categorized by multiple aspects. Admittedly, consumer preferences, regulatory environment, and legitimacy of operation are key influencing factors. In this chapter, key aspects of categorization and nomenclature are discussed to profile different vendors on the internet.
Perspective Chapter: Dynamic Analysis of High-Rise Buildings Using Simplified Numerical Method
Authors: Kumari Emarti
Published: November 2022

This chapter emphasizes on the static and dynamic characteristics of multi-story building subjected to uniformly distributed and wind load. First-order shear deformation theory is used to formulate governing equations based on the finite element method. The multi-story building is considered as a vertical cantilever beam/plate and modeled using nine-node degenerated shell element. Fictitious membrane and shear stresses are eliminated by considering Mixed Interpolation Tonsorial Component (MITC) technique. Here, the static and dynamic characteristics of multi-story buildings have been investigated take into account as a vertical cantilever plate subjected to UDL, triangular load (wind load) and combination of both. In this chapter authors demonstrated the deformation shapes, longitudinal stress and in-plane shear stress and principle strains in various loading conditions of vertical cantilever flat panel. Moreover, investigated the dynamic characteristics of multi-story buildings considering as a vertical cantilever plates and governing equations of motion are derived by employing Hamilton’s principle. Moreover, nonlinear transient response of high-rise structures has been studied here by employing the energy and momentum conservation implicit time integration scheme. The structural analysis of tall buildings has been carried out here through commercial software ANSYS. Matrix amplitude method is employed to investigate the large-amplitude flexural vibration responses of flat panels. Also, plotted the fast Fourier transform and phase portraits for first three bending modes.
Stigma: An Investigative Analysis of the Irish Public’s Knowledge and Perception of Autism
Authors: Hargreaves April , Mothersill David , Loughnane Gerard
Published: November 2022

Levels of stigma toward autism have greatly reduced over the past two decades, particularly since the introduction of various anti-stigma and educational campaigns. However, stigma does remain negatively impacting the lives of people with autism, despite attempts to educate the public about the condition. One country in which this is apparent is Ireland, where, although various autism campaigns have been implemented, and there is evidence of improved attitudes and behavior toward individuals with autism, there still remains a lack of knowledge and understanding with regard to the condition. This chapter presents some novel findings regarding the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the Irish public toward autism. In an exploratory analysis, results demonstrate that whilst the Irish public professes an awareness of autism, a deep understanding of the condition is not present. There is also confusion regarding factors that contribute to autism. Reassuringly, there is little evidence of discrimination toward autistic individuals, but there are elements of prejudice that still exist. Details of these findings are outlined and discussed.
An Intersubjectivity Parental-Based Intervention (I-PBI) for Preschoolers with ASD
Authors: Venuti Paola , Perzolli Silvia , Bentenuto Arianna
Published: November 2022

Given the influence of parents’ qualities and dyadic characteristics on child developmental outcomes, recent findings strengthened the importance of involving caregivers during the intervention to increase dyadic syntonization levels and to extend the acquisition of competencies in naturalistic contexts. The Intersubjectivity Parental-Based Intervention (I-PBI) presented throughout this chapter is delivered involving caregivers in two different modalities: first, in the therapeutic setting, together with the child to support interactions within the dyad. Second, the focus is on the parental representation of the child and the caregivers in their role. Trained psychologists deliver the intervention after receiving specific licenses on developmental intervention models for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Finally, the team is constantly supervised at least once every month by an expert psychotherapist. Unlike parent-mediated intervention and parent training, the I-PBI does not require home assignments or fidelity schedules, and the therapist entirely delivers the intervention. Throughout this chapter, the structure and therapeutic techniques of the intervention will be presented. Further, results considering the child’s developmental trajectories and changes in caregiver-child interaction will be discussed.
Development of Liquisolid Compacts: An Approach for Dissolution Enhancement of Poorly Aqueous Soluble Drugs
Authors: Kasturi Madhavi
Published: November 2022

Solubility plays a key role to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation and show its pharmacological action. An approach of liquisolid technique, developed by Spireas, was employed for the dissolution enhancement of poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Initially, liquid medication (liquid drug or drug solution or suspension in hydrophilic liquid vehicle) is transformed to free-flowing, non-sticky, compressible powder by the addition of suitable carrier material and coating materials for the development of liquisolid compacts. The postulated mechanism for enhanced solubility was improved wettability of drug and enhanced surface area of molecularly dispersed drug in the liquid environment. Pre- and post-the compression tests were performed for the developed liquisolid compacts to obtain optimized formulation. For the optimized compacts, FTIR and DSC studies were performed for determining drug-excipient compatibility; SEM and PXRD studies were performed to study the solid-state characterization. Furthermore, accelerated stability studies were performed for optimized liquisolid compacts for 6 months according to ICH guidelines and the results were compared with freshly prepared formulations. In conclusion, liquisolid compact formulation was proved to be safe, economic and alternative approach to formulate solid oral dosage forms of poorly aqueous soluble drugs.
Neuronal Architecture and Functional Organization of Olfactory Glomeruli
Authors: Heinbockel Thomas
Published: November 2022

In the antennal lobes of insects and olfactory bulbs of vertebrates, the primary processing of olfactory information occurs within specialized units, called glomeruli. Glomeruli are discrete areas of densely packed, fine neuropil, usually ensheathed in glia cells. Glomeruli are the sites of synaptic interaction between axons of olfactory receptor cells and dendrites of central olfactory neurons. This chapter reviews the functional significance of this neuronal architecture, the glomerulus, with particular emphasis on results obtained in the sphinx moth, Manduca sexta. How is neuronal circuitry of olfactory glomeruli functionally organized, what attributes of olfactory stimuli are analyzed in glomeruli and how are these attributes processed and encoded in them? Glomeruli have been found in different invertebrate groups, such as crustaceans and insects with the glomeruli in the antennal lobes and the deutocerebrum, and molluscs with subepithelial glomeruli in the tentacle, as well as in different vertebrate groups such as amphibians, birds, fish, and mammals with glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. The organization of primary olfactory centers into glomeruli in diverse species suggests that glomeruli have a common and fundamental function in the processing of information about chemosensory stimuli and that glomeruli across taxa may share similar means of processing olfactory input.
Development of Phytomedicines as Novel Antimalarial Lead Molecules: Progress towards Successful Antimalarial Drug Discovery
Authors: Rudrapal Mithun , Chetia Dipak , Bhattacharya Soumya
Published: November 2022

Among numerous life-threatening infectious diseases (HIV/AIDS, TB, NTDs and EIDs), malaria continues to be the deadliest parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium protozoa transmitted by an infective female Anopheles mosquito. Plasmodium falciparum, the potentially fatal malaria parasite, is believed to be responsible for most of the morbidities and mortalities associated with malaria infections. Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) are currently considered to be the frontline therapy against malaria caused by P. falciparum. Despite significant progresses in antimalarial drug discovery, the control and prevention of malaria is still a challenging task. It is primarily because of the reduced clinical efficacy of existing antimalarial therapies including ACTs due to the widespread emergence of drug-resistant strains of malaria parasites, especially P. falciparum. It is, therefore, necessary to discover and develop novel drug candidates and/or alternative therapies for the treatment as well as prevention of resistant malaria. In this chapter, the potential of phytomedicines as natural sources of novel antimalarial lead molecules/ drugs with recent advances in phytomedicine-based antimalarial drug discovery has been reviewed.
Retracted: The Wave Function of the Electron
Authors: Danghyan Arayik
Published: November 2022

In this paper, by solving the relativistic equation M2, the wave nature of the electron is revealed. The validity of the initial hypothesis of Louis de Broglie about the existence of matter waves is proved. The connection between the wave characteristics of an electron and the Compton wavelength is revealed. The problem of dispersion and spreading of the wave packet is solved. It is demonstrated that theoretical and experimental results correlate.
Obesity and Breast Cancer
Authors: Şişik Abdullah , Erdem Hasan , Said Dalkılıç Muhammed , Gençtürk Mehmet , Yılmaz Merih , Sözen Selim
Published: November 2022

Obesity is associated with a higher risk of chronic diseases. Breast cancer is one of the malignancies, which has been related to obesity. Patients with a BMI more than 35 kg/m2 had an 86% greater risk of having breast cancer than those with a normal BMI. Every 5 kg/m2 rise in BMI has also been demonstrated to increase the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Obese people have poorer outcomes in terms of lymph node positivity, disease-free survival, and overall survival, according to research. Leptin, whose circulating levels rise in proportion to BMI and body fat reserves, is usually regarded as the primary driver of the intricate web that connects obesity and breast cancer. The number of studies examining the association between leptin activity and breast cancer genesis and behavior is growing. The effectiveness of bariatric surgery on lessening the risk of developing breast cancer has been proven.
Effectiveness of Grape Seed Extract in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Study
Authors: Mojiri-Forushani Hoda , Hemmati Aliasghar , Khanzadeh Abdollah , Zahedi Atefeh
Published: November 2022

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a metabolic disorder has a high prevalence. Increasing serum concentrations of liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) are the most laboratory findings in NAFLD. Efforts to identify effective treatments with fewer side effects to address these impairments are increasing. Grape seed extract (GSE) is rich in antioxidants (eg, proanthocyanidins (Pas), which it has beneficial effects reported previously). Objectives: We evaluated the effect of GSE on biochemical markers in NAFLD patients. Methods: The current randomized, double-blind clinical trial was investigated the GSE effect on patients with NAFLD. The patients were assigned into 2 groups (GSE and control groups). The duration of treatment was considered 2 months. The GSE group received GSE capsules (200 mg, two times a day for 2 months), and the control group received placebo (200 mg starch). The serum concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), FBS, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and cholesterol were assessed at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months after treatment. Body mass index (BMI) and HDL/LDL ratio were assayed at different times. Results: The levels of AST, ALT, FBS, TG, HDL, LDL, and cholesterol significantly decreased, (P-value < 0.05), and the level of HDL significantly increased in patients who received GSE 200 mg twice a day for 2 months (P-value < 0.05) compared to control group, but BMI and weight did not change significantly (P-value > 0.05). Conclusions: Grape seed extract can be effective in fatty liver patients; such results may be contributed to the antioxidant properties of GSE due to the high amount of PAs and similar constituents in GSE. However, more investigations are needed to clarify the exact involved mechanism of GSE.