bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Aspirin Pre- and Postburn on Survival of Experimental Intermediate Burns in Rats
Authors: Hadad Eran , Westreich Melvyn , Friedman Tal , Shalom Avshalom
Published: March 2015

Background:

Burns are a major health care problem. Early treatment increases survival of intermediate burn zones, thus decreasing morbidity, mortality, surgery, and hospitalization. Previously, aspirin was shown to improve burn perfusion and increase failing flap survival.

Objective:

Owing to similarities between failing flaps and intermediate burn zones, we conducted this study to evaluate the effect of aspirin on intermediate burn zone survival.

Methods:

An intermediate burn was created in 30 rats randomly divided into three experimental groups: pre- and postburn aspirin groups and a control group. Final burn survival was evaluated on day 7.

Results:

No statistical difference was observed between the test and control groups. Both aspirin regimens failed to improve intermediate burn survival.

Conclusion:

Presumably, administration of aspirin could not prevent the noxious tissue events of burn injury that cause cell death. Possibly, different dosages or modes of administering aspirin could have a beneficial effect on burn wound survival.
Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei with Extrafacial Involvement in a 17-Year-Old White Girl
Authors: Mullan Erin , Green Peter , Pasternak Sylvia
Published: March 2015

Background:

Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) is a benign condition characterized by a papular eruption located in the central face. Histologic studies of the papules show granulomatous infiltrates with central necrosis. The condition is self-limited and usually resolves within 1 to 2 years yet can be cosmetically debilitating, given the location and potential for scarring. Granulomatous periorificial dermatitis similarly affects the face with granulomatous lesions and may overlap clinically with LMDF.

Conclusion:

This report highlights the challenge in differentiating and treating uncommon granulomatous facial dermatoses.
Two-Stage Reconstruction of Head and Neck Defects after Tumor Resection with a Dermal Regeneration Template
Authors: Felcht Moritz , Koenen Wolfgang , Sassmann Gunther , Goerdt Sergij , Faulhaber Jörg
Published: March 2015

Background:

Large defects after tumor resection in the head and neck area can be reconstructed with local flaps or skin grafts or heal by secondary intention. Especially in elderly patients, a rapid procedure with an acceptable aesthetic and reliable functional outcome is required.

Objective:

We investigated an alternative strategy using the Integra Dermal Regeneration Template (IDRT) for the reconstruction of large defects.

Methods:

In 18 patients (75 ± 3 years), 19 extended head and neck defects were treated with IDRT to enhance healing.

Results:

The mean defect size was 32 ± 7 cm2. The defects were transplanted within a mean postoperative time of 25 ± 2 days and overall showed good cosmetic results and stable scars. The mean follow-up time was 11 ± 1 months. Minor complications were hyperpigmentation (n = 1), small ulcus (n = 1), one minor ectropion (n = 1), and partial loss of the skin graft after immediate radiotherapy (n = 1). In one patient, the silicon layer had to be removed after 8 days owing to partial destruction of the IDRT. We observed shrinkage of 50 ± 4% within 6 months.

Conclusion:

IDRT is an alternative technique for the reconstruction of extended head and neck defects. It can be conducted without major complications and with a short healing time and acceptable cosmetic results in elderly patients.
Toxic Effects of Skin-Lightening Products in Canadian Immigrants
Authors: Mistry Nisha , Shapero Jonathan , Kundu Roopal V. , Shapero Harvey
Published: March 2015

Background:

The cultural practice of skin bleaching is highly prevalent in Africa. Most reported cases of toxic effects of skin-lightening products occur in this region.

Objective:

To describe cases of misuse of over-the-counter (OTC) cosmetic skin-lightening products occurring in Canadian immigrants.

Methods:

Two cases of Canadian immigrants with severe complications from OTC skin-bleaching agents were identified in a community-based dermatology practice in Toronto. The case histories were reviewed and analyzed.

Results:

A 28-year-old African-Canadian woman developed extensive striae from long-term use of a topical cream containing clobetasol that she had purchased in a Caribbean health food store. A 55-year-old African-Canadian woman developed exogenous ochronosis from the use of a topical bleaching agent she had purchased in Ghana.

Conclusion:

Cosmetic skin lightening with unregulated topical products occurs in Canada. Dermatologists working in Canada need to be aware of this practice to provide appropriate directive care.
Topical Psoriasis Therapy in the Age of Biologics: Evidence-Based Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Albrecht Lorne , Bourcier Marc , Ashkenas John , Papp Kim
Published: March 2015

Background:

Although the range of therapeutic options has expanded dramatically in recent years, topical agents remain ubiquitous and indispensable tools for treating psoriasis at all levels of severity. The 2009 Canadian psoriasis guidelines considered evidence supporting various monotherapies and combination regimens.

Objective:

Here we review all approved topical agents, including corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, vitamin D analogues, and retinoids, used in psoriasis and develop additional treatment recommendations, using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) system to evaluate strength of evidence, as in the original guidelines.

Conclusion:

We propose that topical treatments have a place in the long-term management of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, including those receiving concomitant photo- or systemic therapy. Topical agents are effective and appropriate treatments for psoriasis as long as the physician is attentive to signs of local adverse events and seeks opportunities to reduce the dose or treatment frequency during chronic use.
Hairless Descendants of Mexican Hairless Dogs: An Experimental Model for Studying Hypertrophic Scars
Authors: Kimura Tohru
Published: March 2015

Background/Objective:

In previous studies, the author noticed hypertrophic scar formation in hairless dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both grossly and histopathologically hypertrophic scars in hairless dogs to explore any similarities with hypertrophic scars in humans and to introduce these dogs as an appropriate model for further investigation on hypertrophic scarring.

Methods:

Full-thickness wounds were made on the dorsolumbar skin of hairless dogs. Hypertrophic scarring was examined with three methods: clinical observations, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-positive melanocytes, and skin histopathology.

Results:

Hairless dogs clinically developed the formation of hyperpigmented and hypertrophic scars that did not extend beyond the original wound margins. In hypertrophic scars of hairless dogs, the split epidermal sheet showed an increased number of DOPA-positive melanocytes with well-developed dendrites exhibiting activated melanocytes. There were very few DOPA-positive melanocytes in the repaired skin of haired dogs. Histopathologic examinations demonstrated that hypertrophic scars were fully reepithelialized and granulation tissue formation was accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. There was remodeling of thick collagens and fine elastic fibers in the course of hypertrophic scar formation.

Conclusion:

Experimental hypertrophic scars produced in hairless dogs have morphologic properties similar to those of human hypertrophic scars.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum: The Great Pretender and a Challenging Diagnosis
Authors: Wong Wendy W. , Machado Gustavo R. , Hill Michael E.
Published: March 2015

Background:

The initial presentation of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is virtually indistinguishable from a pyogenic infection, making debridement appear necessary. However, operative approaches often lead to exacerbation and rapid extension through pathergy.

Objective and Methods:

In attempts to increase awareness of this condition and minimize misdiagnoses, a review of published reports involving PG of the hand and digits was performed and included 35 patients in addition to our case of a 14-year-old female with a history of ulcerative colitis.

Results:

Of the total cases, 29 patients were misdiagnosed as having an infection and subsequently treated with antibiotics; 13 of these patients also had debridement of their lesions. Twenty-eight patients had associated medical conditions, including ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer.

Conclusion:

When approached with a rapidly growing ulcerated lesion that does not respond to operative therapy, the possibility of PG should be entertained and a high-dose corticosteroid regimen and/or immunomodulator therapy implemented.
Ulerythema Ophryogenes, A Rarely Reported Cutaneous Manifestation of Noonan Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Li Kayi , Thomas Mary Ann , Haber Richard M.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Ulerythema ophryogenes (also known as keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei) is a rarely reported cutaneous manifestation of Noonan syndrome.

Objective:

Recognizing ulerythema ophryogenes as a cutaneous association in Noonan syndrome may aid in the diagnosis of this relatively common genetic condition.

Methods:

We present a case of a patient with Noonan syndrome and ulerythema ophryogenes associated with a SOS1 mutation and review the literature on this association.

Results:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of Noonan syndrome proven to be due to an SOS1 mutation in which ulerythema ophryogenes was clinically recognized and specifically diagnosed.

Conclusions:

The presence of ulerythema ophryogenes in a patient with Noonan syndrome increases the likelihood of a SOS1 mutation. Further reports by dermatologists and medical geneticists documenting ulerythema ophryogenes and not just descriptions of sparse or absent eyebrows will help support this genotype-phenotype correlation.
Lyme Borreliosis: An Update for Canadian Dermatologists
Authors: Potok Olivia V. , Brassard Alain
Published: March 2015

Background:

Lyme borreliosis is a multisystemic tick-borne spirochetosis, which may result in dermatologic, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and neurologic manifestations.

Objective:

Patients with suspected acute Lyme borreliosis infection may be referred for urgent dermatologic review. Canadian dermatologists should be aware of the latest information regarding the diagnosis and management of Lyme borreliosis.

Methods:

This review is based on a PubMed database search combining the word “Lyme” with variations of the word “Canada.” Data sources included articles from the fields of ecology, epidemiology, laboratory diagnostics, and clinical management.

Conclusion:

In this review, the ecological basis of spirochete transmission by tick vectors is described. The latest available Canadian epidemiologic data are summarized. North American clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis are contrasted with European presentations. The Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network's diagnostic guidelines are summarized. Finally, treatment recommendations are outlined.
Adalimumab in Treatment-Resistant Hidradenitis Suppurativa following Recurrence after Extensive Affected Area Excision: A Review of Biologics Therapy
Authors: Samycia Michael , Brassard Alain
Published: March 2015

Background:

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is characterized by chronic, suppurative abscesses, sinus tracts, and fistulas affecting the axilla, groin, and perianal region resulting from hyperkeratosis and occlusion of the terminal hair follicle.

Objective:

This report highlights the use of biologic agents for the treatment of recalcitrant HS.

Method:

We report on a 48-year-old male with a 15-year history of refractory perianal-inguinal-buttock HS who, despite receiving numerous surgical drainages and traditional medical treatment for HS, still had severe pain. After trialing etanercept and infliximab with methotrexate, the patient had marked improvement with adalimumab. A literature review of biologics therapy was also performed.

Results:

After trialing many traditional therapies, we found that adalimumab appears to be the most effective treatment modality for our patient. A literature search revealed 53 articles on biologics therapy in HS. These articles are summarized.

Discussion:

Biologic agents have been shown to have variable results in the treatment of refractory HS. Enough low-grade evidence has been accumulated to make the use of these agents suitable in HS. Until more clinical trials are performed on this topic, physicians should use clinical judgment when treating HS with biologic agents and be cautious by watching for significant adverse effects.
Dynaclose Tape: A Practical Alternative to Punch Biopsy Site Closure
Authors: Doumit Joseph , Vale Rachel , Kanigsberg Nordau
Published: March 2015

Background:

A punch biopsy is a common therapeutic and diagnostic procedure that is routinely performed by dermatologists. A thin cylinder of tissue is removed with a biopsy punch, which creates a full-thickness wound. Sutures are used for primary closure as part of standard practice and are removed in follow-up 5 to 14 days later. The biopsy site heals with a small linear scar. In the past, punch biopsies were often left to heal by secondary intention, but given the extended healing time, this has fallen out of practice among dermatologists.

Objective:

The purpose of this case report is to introduce a new quick and cost-effective approach to accelerate secondary intention healing following punch biopsies in busy dermatology clinics.

Results/Conclusion:

We present a case where Dynaclose tape (Canica Design Inc, Almonte, ON) was used as an alternative to sutures for biopsy site closure. Dynaclose tape is a strip with adhesive ends and a clear center composed of silicone elastomer. The silicone elastomer promotes wound closure by pulling the opposing margins together. The tape maintains excellent adhesion and follows the natural shape of the skin to maximize patient comfort and mobility.
Atypical Presentation of Congenital Yellow Nail Syndrome in a 2-Year-Old Female
Authors: Cecchini Michael , Doumit Joseph , Kanigsberg Nordau
Published: March 2015

Background:

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare clinical entity of unknown etiology that is characterized by a triad of yellow nails, respiratory manifestations, and lymphedema. The condition appears in the mid- to later years of life and only rarely in childhood. We describe a rare case of YNS with an atypical clinical presentation consisting of only yellow and dystrophic nails in a 2- year-old female since birth.

Objective:

A case of congenital YNS with only dystrophic and yellow nails is reported.

Methods and Results:

A 2-year-old female presented with yellow nails since birth. There was no positive family history. Physical examination revealed 20 thickened, dystrophic, yellow nails with onycholysis. There was no evidence of respiratory manifestations or lymphedema.

Conclusion:

Although rare, YNS can present as a congenital clinical entity and persist after birth. Pediatric patients with YNS show different clinical manifestations than the classic adult patient. The presence of yellow and dystrophic nails in the absence of respiratory and lymphatic manifestations may be the only sign of pathology and warrants close monitoring as progression to more serious complications can occur.
Factors Related to Delay in the Diagnosis of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Husein-ElAhmed Husein , Gutierrez-Salmeron Maria-Teresa , Naranjo-Sintes Ramon , Aneiros-Cachaza Jose
Published: March 2015

Background:

There is often a delay between the clinical emergence of a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and the point in time at which the patient presents for definitive diagnosis and treatment. Previously published studies on delays regarding skin cancer have focused on melanoma rather than Bcc. We conducted a study aimed at identifying factors associated with the detection of Bcc and reasons for the delay in diagnosis.

Method:

A monocentric study was performed. Patients with a primary BCC diagnosed in 2010 were included in the study. They were asked about factors concerning BCC awareness and detection, tumor characteristics, previous history of nonmelanoma cutaneous cancer, family history of nonmelanoma cutaneous cancer, and the presence of comorbidities. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results:

The mean diagnostic delay for BCC in our hospital setting was estimated at 19.79 ± 14.71 months. Delayed diagnosis was significantly associated with patients over 65 years, those without a previous history of BCC, those without a family history of BCC, those with BCC located elsewhere than the head or neck, and those with lesions not associated with itching or bleeding.

Conclusion:

This study revealed considerable delay in the diagnosis of BCC. The main reason for delay in the diagnosis seems to be the initial decision of the patient to seek medical advice. These data suggest a need for greater information for the general public on the symptoms and signs that should prompt suspicion of a BCC.
Measuring the Severity of Topical 5-Fluorouracil Toxicity
Authors: Korgavkar Kaveri , Firoz Elnaz F. , Xiong Michael , Lew Robert , Marcolivio Kimberly , Burnside Nancy , Dyer Robert , Weinstock Martin A.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Topical 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is known to cause toxicity, such as erythema, pain, and crusting/erosions.

Objectives:

We sought to develop a scale to measure this toxicity and test the scale for reliability.

Methods:

A scale was developed involving four parameters: erythema severity, percentage of face involved in erythema, crusting/erosions severity, and percentage of face involved in crusting/erosions. Thirteen raters graded 99 sets of photographs from the Veterans Affairs Keratinocyte Carcinoma Chemoprevention (VAKCC) Trial using these parameters.

Results:

Intraclass correlation overall for 13 raters was 0.82 (95% CI 0.77–0.86). There was no statistically significant trend in reliability by level of training in dermatology.

Conclusions:

This scale is a reliable method of evaluating the severity of toxicity from topical 5-fluorouracil and can be used by dermatologists and nondermatologists alike.
Evaluation of the Incidence of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Relationship to Disease Activity
Authors: Saghafi Massoud , Hashemzadeh Kamila , Sedighi Sima , Yazdanpanah Mohammad Javad , Rezaieyazdi Zahra , Sahebari Maryam , Esmaily Habibollah
Published: March 2015

Background:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with wide clinical features ranging from cutaneous manifestations to systemic disease. Skin is one of the most commonly affected organs in SLE.

Objective:

To determine whether there is any correlation between discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and the severity of SLE. Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study, 60 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed SLE were enrolled. Skin biopsy was performed to establish the diagnosis of DLE. Disease activity was determined by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). A SLEDAI-2K score ≥ 10 was considered active and severe disease.

Results:

Eleven SLE patients (9 females and 2 males) had DLE (18.3%) and 49 patients (46 females and 3 males) had SLE without DLE (81.7%). The mean age of patients with DLE was 30.18 ± 11.07 years and in patients without it was 28.4 ± 10.26 years ( p = .6). Three of 11 patients with DLE (27.3%) and 14 of 49 patients without DLE (28.6%) had a SLEDAI-2K score ≥ 10 ( p = 1).

Conclusion:

The presence of DLE in our patients with SLE was not associated with less severe disease.
Think beyond the Skin
Authors: Gulliver Wayne , Lynde Charles , Dutz Jan P. , Vender Ronald B. , Yeung Jensen , Bourcier Marc , Dion Pierre-Luc , Hong Chi-Ho , Searles Gordon , Poulin Yves
Published: March 2015

Objective:

Explore the feasibility of Treat to Target in the area of psoriasis as seen in other therapeutic areas such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods:

Review validated, measurable targets for psoriasis, including physician global assessment (PGA), psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI). Examine principles brought forth in the published European consensus on psoriasis and develop a Canadian consensus on Treat to Target in psoriasis.

Results:

As PASI and DLQI are not routinely used in the community setting, we are recommending target at a PGA of zero (clear).

Conclusion:

Recommend that the target is a PGA of zero (clear) as it provides a simple and measurable result that the patient and physician can clearly understand.
Quality Appraisal of Acne Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2008–2013
Authors: Kawala Christopher , Fernando Dilan , Tan Jerry K.L.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Acne vulgaris is a common chronic disease, and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can provide credible treatment information.

Method:

A literature search for acne CPGs published between January 2008 and September 2013 was conducted. Two reviewers independently applied the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. Methodological quality was evaluated by ranking in AGREE II domains and the highest number of items scoring above the neutral threshold score.

Results:

Four CPGs fulfilled the selection criteria, and the highest ranked were the European and Malaysian. Highest scores achieved by the former were for scope/purpose, stakeholder involvement, and rigor of development and by the latter were for scope/purpose, clarity of presentation, and applicability. Applicability was the lowest scoring of all domains for all CPGs.

Conclusion:

European and Malaysian acne CPGs were ranked highest for methodological quality and may serve to inform clinical practice and guideline adaptation.
Comparison of Lesion Improvement in Lupoid Leishmaniasis Patients with Two Treatment Approaches
Authors: Banihashemi Mahnaz , Yazdanpanah Mohamad Javad , Amirsolymani Hossein , Yousefzadeh Hadis
Published: March 2015

Background:

There are several therapies for treating lupoid leishmaniasis. We compared the effectiveness of intralesional meglumine antimoniate (MA) and topical application of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 50% solution.

Methods:

This study was a randomized clinical trial comprising 60 lupoid leishmaniasis patients. The first group received intralesional MA once a week, and the second group was treated once weekly with TCA 50% topical solution. The results were recorded once after 8 weeks and then 3 months after the termination of treatment.

Results:

The total clearance rates after treatment and after the 3-month follow-up were, respectively, 48.1% and 40% in the first group and 44.4% and 36.6% in the second group. There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups ( p = .25 and p = .26). In both groups, the most common side effect was scarring.

Conclusion:

Having almost the same efficacies, TCA as a topical approach could be as effective as MA in the lupoid leishmaniasis treatment plan.
Sweet Syndrome in a Patient with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Guo Danny , Parsons Laurie M.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Sweet syndrome (SS) is a rare skin condition that is classically idiopathic in etiology, but can also be triggered by malignancy, drug reaction, or infection. Both chronic hepatitis C infection and antiviral agents for the treatment of hepatitis C have been postulated to be possible triggers of SS.

Objective:

Herein, we present a case of SS in a patient with untreated chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis but no other significant comorbidities.
Biopsy Location for Direct Immunofluorescence in Patients with Suspected Bullous Pemphigoid Impacts Probability of a Positive Test Result
Authors: Sladden Chris , Kirchhof Mark G. , Crawford Richard I.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune polymorphic skin disease characterized by erythematous papules and plaques and tense bullae. A skin biopsy for direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is used to detect autoantibodies and complement proteins.

Objective:

We sought to determine which location would provide the highest probability of obtaining a positive DIF result.

Method:

We undertook a retrospective chart review of 1,423 DIF biopsies. Biopsies with a clinical suspicion of BP were designated as either lesional, perilesional, or indeterminate.

Results:

Fifty percent of lesional DIF biopsies were positive, whereas 22% of perilesional and 12% of indeterminate biopsies had a positive DIF result. The odds ratio of a positive DIF from a lesional versus perilesional biopsy site was found to be 3.45 (95% CI 1.44–8.29).

Conclusion:

Clinicians are more likely to obtain a positive DIF result from a lesional nonbullous skin biopsy than from a perilesional or normal skin biopsy.
PCQoL
Authors: Abbas Mariam , Schwartz Mary E. , Smith Frances J.D. , McLean W.H. Irwin , Hull Peter R.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare but often debilitating, dominantly inherited disorder. New treatments require more accurate instruments for evaluating changes in the quality of life in these patients.

Objectives:

This study was undertaken to develop and validate a quality of life questionnaire for PC patients (PCQoL).

Methods:

Relevant factors influencing quality of life in PC patients were identified and incorporated into the well-recognized, general questionnaire, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), to establish a disease-specific measure, the PCQoL. Classical test theory (CTT) and Rasch analysis (RA) were used to analyze and validate the PCQoL.

Results:

CTT analysis established test–retest reliability and internal consistency for the PCQoL. Concurrent and construct validity for the DLQI and the PCQoL were also validated. Chi-square–based infit and outfit statistics indicated that the Rasch model fits the observed responses very well. RA reconfirmed reliability, internal consistency, reasonable homogeneity, construct validity, and the presence of three RA-based domains.

Conclusion:

The PCQoL questionnaire is a measure validated by both CTT and RA. It appears to be a valuable tool in measuring quality of life modifications in PC individuals with keratoderma.
Granuloma Annulare as an Isotopic Response to Herpes Zoster
Authors: Levy Jonathan , Barber Duane , Robertson Lynne
Published: March 2015

Background:

Wolf's isotopic response is the phenomenon of a new skin disease occurring at the site of another unrelated and already healed skin disorder. Most cases in the literature report herpes zoster (HZ) as the original disease; however, the isotopic responses vary greatly. Including this case, our literature search revealed 32 cases of isotopic granuloma annulare (GA) following HZ.

Case Report:

An 82-year-old male presented with GA localized to the right T9 dermatome that later appeared at other sites on the trunk and extremities. The patient had an episode of shingles involving the same dermatome 4 years earlier.

Discussion:

To our knowledge, this is the first case report of GA occurring initially as an isotopic response in an HZ scar and subsequently becoming generalized. Thirty-eight percent (12 of 32) of patients with isotopic GA following HZ were immunocompromised, which is similar to the published rate of immunodeficiency in patients with HZ.
Use of Facebook as a Tool for Knowledge Dissemination in Dermatology
Authors: Kim Whan , Vender Ronald
Published: March 2015

Background:

The presence of dermatology-related platforms in social media has been acknowledged; however, the level of engagement of the public with these platforms has not been evaluated.

Objective:

To use the Engagement Rate to assess the level of engagement of the public with Facebook pages devoted to dermatology.

Methods:

A search on Facebook identified Facebook pages for dermatology academic journals, professional societies, and patient-centered groups with the highest number of Facebook likes. Then the Yearly Page Engagement Rate was calculated for each Facebook page.

Results:

The robust average of the Yearly Page Engagement Rate was 0.673 for academic journals, 0.313 for professional societies, and 1.563 for patient-centered groups.

Conclusion:

Patient-centered groups engaged with their fans most effectively. Engagement is a key determinant of a fan's exposure to the contents of the page and hence a gauge of whether the fans who “liked” the page continue to remain engaged or not.
A CBCT atlas of buccal cortical bone thickness in interradicular spaces
Authors: Holmes Patrick B. , Wolf Bethany J. , Zhou Jing
Published: March 2015

Objective: 

To provide a road map of buccal cortical bone thickness in interradicular locations where miniscrew implants are commonly placed.

Materials and Methods: 

Cone-beam computed tomography images from 100 study quadrants (50 maxillary and 50 mandibular) were studied. Cortical bone thickness was measured at the most mesial point, the midpoint, and the most distal point in interradicular areas from the canine to the first molar in both arches at 4 mm and 6 mm from the alveolar ridge. Indicator variables of whether the cortical bone thickness was thinner than 1 mm and thicker than 1.5 mm were constructed and analyzed in a general linear mixed model.

Results: 

Buccal cortical bone was significantly thinner at a point bisecting two teeth than the bone adjacent to the teeth (P < .0001). The site with the greatest percentage of measurements <1 mm (20%) was at the midpoint bisecting the mandibular canine and the first premolar. The site with the highest percentage of measurements >1.5 mm (50%) was in the mandible adjacent to the first molar (distal to the midpoint of the second premolar and first molar) at 6 mm from the alveolar crest.

Conclusion: 

Cortical bone thickness is significantly thinner centrally between two teeth than in the areas adjacent to the roots.
Preparation Of Melt Spun Electroconductive Fine Fibres Containing Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Mirjalili Mohammad , Karimi Loghman
Published: March 2015

Preparation of electroconductive fine fibres containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by melt spinning was the main goal of the present study. In this regard, the influence of the main operating parameters such as type of polymer used (polyester, polypropylene and polyamide), type and concentration of the CNTs on conductivity, and mechanical and thermal properties of the melt spun fibres was studied. The conductivity of melt spun fibres was measured based on the method developed by Morton and Hearl. The morphologies of the CNTs–polymer composite fibres were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Thermal behaviours and mechanical properties of the CNTs–polymer composite fibres were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and tearing tester, respectively. The results reveal that using CNTs had tangible effect on electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of the melt spun fibres. Also, polyamide had a better dispersion of CNTs and correspondingly lower surface resistivity.
Seed banking of Polish endangered plants – the FlorNatur Project
Authors: Puchalski Jerzy , Niemczyk Maciej , Walerowski Piotr , Podyma Wiesław , Kapler Adam
Published: March 2015

Among the 2750 species of the Polish vascular flora, about 500 species are threatened with extinction and 430 of them are strictly protected by national law. The FlorNatur project for the ex situ conservation of the most endangered species was started in 2009. The aim of the project is to collect seeds of 61 species from 161 sites in eastern Poland and store them in the Seed Bank of the Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden - Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Warsaw- Powsin. A complementary program is being carried out by the Forestry Gene Bank at Kostrzyca in western Poland. Their task is to collect 58 species from 129 natural sites in the western part of Poland. To date, seeds of 31 species from 56 populations have been collected, tested and stored in liquid nitrogen.
Sequences of epicuticular wax structures along stems in four selected tree species
Authors: Tomaszewski Dominik , Zieliński Jerzy
Published: March 2015

Wax layer formation accompanies the processes of epidermis and cuticle formation. To examine these changes, observationsalong current-year long shoots of four woody species (Acer negundo, A. rufinerve, Gymnocladus dioica, and Gingko biloba) were made. Long shoots are suitable objects for such observations, because from the same stem, several samples can be obtained that represent a well-defined sequence of fragments of different ages.

The data that were obtained from different and sometimes distant stem regions suggest that epicuticular wax crystals appear on the stems very early and quickly, since they are found near the stem apex during intensive plant growth. This was confirmed for the four examined species. Some differences, however, were noted.

Very rapid production of prominent wax crystals was observed in stems. In an experiment involving mechanical wax removal from the A. negundo stem surface and subsequent analysis of the surface after several days via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was shown that wax regenerates very quickly. After only several hours, new emerging crystals were observed and their morphologies were essentially the same. Nearly full regeneration was observed several days after removal.
Subgroups of Finite Abelian Groups Having Rank Two via Goursat’s Lemma
Authors: Tóth László
Published: March 2015

Using Goursat’s lemma for groups, a simple representation and the invariant factor decompositions of the subgroups of the group Zm × Zn are deduced, where m and n are arbitrary positive integers. As consequences, explicit formulas for the total number of subgroups, the number of subgroups with a given invariant factor decomposition, and the number of subgroups of a given order are obtained.
Advanced Gas-To-Liquids Technology: AGC-21
Authors: Quinlan Charles W. , Fiato Rocco Anthony , Bienstock Martin G. , Ansell Lauren Mike
Published: March 2015

Conversion of natural gas to liquids (GTL) utilizing Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis technology is a viable option to bring gas resources to market. Over the past two decades, ExxonMobil has invested over $600 million dollars in the development of proprietary technology, Advanced Gas Conversion for the 21st Century (AGC21).

This state-of-the-art technology provides an important option for commercialization of natural gas resources that we look forward to implementing in Qatar for the production of fuels, lube basestocks and other specialty products. This paper discusses advances in ExxonMobil's AGC21 technology achieved over the years as a result of a comprehensive research, development and engineering program.

Introduction

Current day gas-to-liquids options involve multiple processing steps. These options are being advanced in development efforts at a number of locations worldwide.2The effort at ExxonMobil is culminating in a complete, integrated processing scheme, Advanced Gas Conversion for the 21st Century, or AGC-21.3-5

This is part of a wider ranging activity on natural gas, an increasingly important resource that is currently providing about 20% of the world's energy, with demand expected to increase in response to growing environmental concerns. As seen in Figure 1, we are continuing efforts to develop a wide range of technology options such as GTL, while simultaneously working on other gas utilization activities such as the development of high strength steel to improve the economics of long distance pipelines, and our continuing activities to develop and market LNG.
4D-Seismic and Reservoir Simulation To Map Bypassed Oil in Brown Field Development at Western Indian Offshore
Authors: Mitra Partha Pratim , Verma Shailendra Kumar
Published: March 2015

Conventionally, reservoir simulation is being used for studying the reservoir dynamics and identification of areas of by-passed oil. However, just as the interpretation from time-lapse is dependent on acquisition and processing conditioning, the results of the simulation study are dependent on the accuracy of the model which invariably has large scale uncertainty and ambiguity. 4D seismic, inspite of all its current limitations in carbonates, is providing another independent input in identification of bypassed oil locales. Carbonate reservoir with lower rock compressibility in general, is less sensitive to changes in fluid properties and saturation induced acoustic velocity changes. However the presence of permeability and heterogeneity within carbonate can cause significant velocity change under certain condition. A properly conditioned 4D seismic data gives a meaningful representation of the fluid dynamics and reliable estimates of saturation change.

The paper presents an integrated study of 4D seismic and reservoir simulation, carried out over one of the western offshore fields of India. Karstified Eocene carbonate is the main producer with varying degree of reservoir heterogeneity. The reservoir is developed with peripheral water injection. All the structural and property modeling features of the static model have been incorporated in a fine-grid full field simulation model. The cell dimension has been kept as 150m x 150m with 3m to 4m thickness in the main zone of interest in order to have a more representative heterogeneous model which will simulate the reservoir fluid movements more precisely. Performance history match has been carried out with over ten years of historical data. From history match the communicating and sealing nature of different faults has been inferred. Areas of good and poor horizontal and vertical communication have been identified. The simulation model was then studied with difference volume from 4D seismic. A considerably good match of two different datasets was observed which raised the confidence level in mapping bypassed oil and in placement of infill wells for brown field development. Performance prediction carried out on this model indicates that oil recovery by 2020 AD is likely to be 2 % more than that anticipated in the earlier study.
Design and Evaluation of Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation of Gas and Coal Bed Methane Reservoirs Under Complex Geology and Stress Conditions
Authors: Valencia Karen Joy Legaspino , Chen Zhixi , Rahman Sheikh S.
Published: March 2015

As exploitation of unconventional resources such as coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs becomes increasingly essential, there is a growing need to develop hydraulic fracture treatment design for these reservoirs with complex geology and stress conditions. Conventional methodologies have failed to address the difficulties involved in the design and execution of fracture treatments in these complex conditions. These include unrestricted height growth breaking through the roof and floor of the coal seam, massive fluid loss as a consequence of the high leak-off formation and poroelastic effects. This paper presents an integrated approach to optimise hydraulic fracture treatments and addresses the associated problems encountered during the hydraulic fracturing process.

A 3D poroelastic, finite element based numerical design tool has been developed to describe the fracture geometry for given reservoir and operating conditions. This is coupled with a production model appropriately quantifying the post-frac productivity of a CBM reservoir. Finally, cost analysis is carried out to optimise design parameters against different production scenarios using a hybrid genetic-evolutionary optimisation tool.

Our study has shown a significant improvement in understanding the fracture containment mechanisms and impact of poroelastic effects in stimulating CBM reservoirs. Furthermore, results of this study demonstrate that use of an integrated approach in the design of hydraulic fracture treatments results in a higher yield and cost-effective exploitation of CBM prospects.

Introduction

Exploitation of unconventional resources such as coal bed methane reservoirs is motivated by the growing demand for hydrocarbon supply. This calls for a cost-effective stimulation methodology to maximise profit derived from these resources. Due to their characteristic difference with the conventional oil and gas reservoirs, largely accepted norms in the hydraulic fracturing literature are in many ways inadequate to address problems associated with hydraulic fracture stimulation in CBM reservoirs. In particular, the complexity in stimulating CBM reservoirs stems from the highly heterogeneous nature of their in-situ stress distribution and their naturally fractured and high leak-off characteristics. Furthermore, their production mechanism is significantly different from conventional gas wells since dewatering is required to lower the reservoir pressure and allow gas to desorb. When fracturing CBM reservoirs, abnormally high treating pressures often occur. In addition, stress barriers restricting fracture height growth may be inexistent.
FPSO Experience in Deepwater West Africa - The Design One, Build Two Strategy
Authors: Waters Lisa B.
Published: March 2015

The "Design One, Build Two" strategy has been employed for recent West Africa Deepwater Developments including the large Kizomba A and B developments in Angola and smaller EPS (Early Production System) Projects such as Yoho (Nigeria), Zafiro (Equatorial Guinea) and Xikomba (Angola).When properly managed and executed, the "Design One, Build Two" strategy reduces project cycle time and cost.

Introduction

The West Africa experience has identified key project conditions that are required for successful implementation of the "Design One, Build Two" strategy. These include use of the same:–Engineering design–Engineering and fabrication contractors–Fabrication yards–Vendors and suppliers–Project leadership teams–Project management systems

From a project management point of view, the "Design One, Build Two" strategy requires different approaches as compared to traditional "stand-alone" projects. This paper explores some of these differences, including the:–Alignment of project schedules and execution plans–Required project management philosophy–Common safety and quality programs–A "No Design Change" philosophy–Use of duplicate engineering–Alignment of engineering and procurement deliverables with fabricator's construction methods–Use of real time capture of lessons learned

The "Design One, Build Two" strategy, if properly planned, managed and executed, can optimize project economics for plays with multiple large developments that have similar geologic, geographic, economic and contractual elements. The learnings realized from West Africa Deepwater applications of the "Design One, Build Two" strategy can be applied in other large oil and gas development projects.

Design One, Build Two Implementation

The Kizomba A & B FPSO Example

This paper uses construction of the Kizomba A & B Floating Production Storage Offload (FPSO) vessels as an example of the key success factors in making the "Design One, Build Two" strategy work.

Cost and Schedule Impact

For the Kizomba FPSOs, the "Design One, Build Two" strategy captured cost savings on the order of 10%. As illustrated in Figure 1, completion of Kizomba B tracked five months ahead of Kizomba A. Fabrication on the Kizomba A Project fell up to 30% behind schedule, resulting in multiple execution plan adjustments and multiple recovery plans. The Kizomba B FPSO consistently tracked the original execution plan, progress never fell behind the plan and no recovery plans were required.
Integration of Intelligent Wells With Multi-Laterals, Sand Control, and Electric Submersible Pumps
Authors: Anderson Adam Baker
Published: March 2015

Over the last two years, the implementation of Intelligent Well Systems (IWS) has grown tremendously. In this time period IWS has progressed from being utilized only in niche cases to a wider range of applications where other completion technologies are currently utilized to maximize productivity of the well. Multi-Laterals, Sand Control and Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are the three most widely utilized technologies with which IWS must be integrated.

A number of worldwide installations have been conducted to date, with many more planned, which will necessitate integration of each of these key technologies with IWS. From the most complex Sub-Sea Deepwater IWS and Multi-laterals to the least sophisticated ESP completion, this paper will address the major technical hurdles associated with these integrations.

Intelligent Well Systems Overview

Intelligent Well Systems (IWS) have been available since the 1990's with many successful documented case histories1.The basic intent of an IWS completion is to provide the ability to independently and remotely monitor and control production from each zone of a multi-zone well. In essence each zone can be treated as an individual well with the ability to continuously monitor production and then make decisions about choking back or shutting off production without significantly impacting production from other zones. This capability has been well documented to enhance well economics.

An IWS completion consists of the following basic components:Remotely Operated Control ValvePermanent Downhole GaugesProduction and Isolation PackersControl LinesSurface Control System

The Remotely Operated Control Valve provides the basic control functionality and can be remotely controlled from surface to open, close or choke a given interval.

The Permanent Downhole Gauge (PDG) System provides the data that is necessary to make control decisions. In the most basic systems the PDG will provide single point pressure and temperature, but in more sophisticated systems, mutil-point pressure/temperature, mass flow, water cut, density, distributed temperature and even phase flow measurements can be utilized.
Make Room Value Added
Authors: Goldring Ellen , Grissom Jason A. , Rubin Mollie , Neumerski Christine M. , Cannata Marisa , Drake Timothy , Schuermann Patrick
Published: March 2015

Increasingly, states and districts are combining student growth measures with rigorous, rubric-aligned teacher observations in constructing teacher evaluation measures. Although the student growth or value-added components of these measures have received much research and policy attention, the results of this study suggest that the data generated by high-quality observation systems have potential to inform principals’ use of data for human capital decisions. Interview and survey data from six school districts that have recently implemented new evaluation systems with classroom observations provide evidence that principals tend to rely less on test scores in their human capital decisions. The consistency, transparency, and specificity of observation data may provide benefits for principals seeking to use these data to inform their decision making.
Inventory of Rare, Endangered and Threatened (RET) Plant Species in Maruthamalai Hills, Western Ghats of Tamilnadu, South India
Authors: Subbaiyan B. , Samydurai P. , Prabu M. Karthik , Ramakrishnan R. , Thangapandian V.
Published: March 2015

The present study deal with identification of rare, endanger and threatened plants in Maruthamalai Hills, part of Southern Western Ghats of Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu. In this investigation 30 rare, endangered and threatened (RET) plant species belongs to 15 families were identified and documented. Names of plants and RET category was gathered from IUCN annual reports and standard research articles. Enumerated plants were categorized in rare, endangered, endemic and threatened, species such as Caralluma bicolor, Terminalia arjuna, Ceropegia juncea, Rubia cordifolia, Celastrus paniculatus, Gloriosa suberpa, Gymnema sylvestres and so on. Finally it has been suggested that the RET medicinal plants are need to be proper conservation and management plans before it lost forever. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v12i1.12255Our Nature (2014), 12(1): 37-43.