bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemosurgical Reports: Perineural Spread of Basal‐Cell Carcinoma
Authors: HANKE C. WILLIAM , WOLF ROBERT L. , HOCHMAN SIDNEY A. , O'BRIAN JEFFREY J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Basal‐cell carcinoma with perineural invasion is a rare occurrence. Ten patients with this phenomenon are described. Review of our cases and cases in the literature indicates that perineural spread of basal‐cell carcinoma is most common in men with recurrent tumors. The horizontally cut frozen sections that are utilized in Mohs surgery maximize the chances of discovering basal‐cell carcinoma wih undiagnosed involvement.
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia: Value of Touch Preps
Authors: KENNEY ROBERT L. , REDDY VISHNU V. B. , GIRI JANARI , ADELMAN SAMUEL
Published: June 2013

Abstract. (CMML) Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is not an uncommon leukemia occurring in elderly individuals. Cutaneous manifestations are unusual and portend a poorer prognosis. Touch imprints from a skin punch biopsy may help to quickly confirm clinical suspicions of an underlying leukemia or lymphoma.
Histomorphology and Cytomorphology of Cutaneous B‐Cell Lymphomas
Authors: KERL HELMUT , BURG GÜNTER
Published: June 2013

Abstract This article summarizes the conceptual and morphologic background for the diagnosis of cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas (CBCL). The architectural pattern of the infiltrate and cytomorphology can indicate the B‐cell nature of a skin lymphoma. Virtually all types of B‐cell lymphomas, including pre‐B‐cell lymphoma; Burkitt‐like lymphoma; malignant lymphoma, small lymphocytic; the many forms of germinal center cell‐derived lymphomas; immunocytoma; plasmacytoma; and immunoblastic lymphoma (B type)—may involve the skin and can be classified according to modern lymphoma classifications.
Multiple Cutaneous Melanoma Metastases of an Extremity Resembling Kaposi's Sarcoma: Use of Regional Perfusion
Authors: LANCER HAROLD A. , BRONSTEIN BEN R. , SOBER ARTHUR J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract We report on a patient with primary cutaneous malignant melanoma, with numerous intransit metastases involving the left lower extremity. The clinical presentation was striking in that the intransit metastatic lesions of the skin had morphologic characteristics of Kaposi's sarcoma. Her disease was complicated by marked lower limb edema. Cutaneous ulceration did not develop despite the extensive tumor burden. Treatment with regional limb perfusion resulted in marked reduction of the edema and shrinkage of the tumor mass. In addition to presenting this case report and response to therapy, we would like to suggest the term “chronic melanoma of the extremity” (CME) as a descriptive term for this unusual variant of malignant melanoma.
The Y‐Shaped Pattern of Alopecia Reduction and Its Variations
Authors: UNGER MARTIN G.
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The Y‐shaped alopecia reduction is used less frequently than indicated. This article outlines the advantages of this pattern, describes the technique of excision in detail, discusses the many variations possible, and advocates greater utilization of this procedure.
The Benefit of Donor‐Site Closure in Hair Transplantation
Authors: STURM HIRAM
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The author presents his concept of a method of total harvesting of a given donor area, utilizing the smallest area for a maximum number of grafts. A layered suture closure is employed for an immediate and long‐term cosmetic improvement over older nonsuture techniques. The advantages and possible disadvantages of such a closure are discussed.
Axillary Hyperhidrosis: A Simple Surgical Procedure
Authors: STENQUIST BO
Published: June 2013

A simple method for surgical treatment of excessive sweating of the axilla is presented. The procedure, which is performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis, is described in detail. After mapping the sweat gland bearing area with crepe paper, the hyperhidrotic area was excised using a bat‐shaped excision. The skin was closed without undermining. This method has been used in 14 consecutive patients (28 axillae) resistant to topical administration of aluminum chloride hexahydrate in ethanol. The postoperative results were excellent in 12 patients and were good in 2. There were three minor wound infections and one case of postoperative bleeding. This procedure is suitable for all patients who need surgical treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis and requires no training in plastic surgery.
African “Eosinophilic Bodies'’In Vivo in Two American Men with Kaposi's Sarcoma and AIDS
Authors: Jr. CANTWELL ALAN R. , ROWE LYON
Published: June 2013

Pink‐stained (hematoxylin and eosin), variably sized, round‐shaped, intracellular and extracellular “eosinophilic bodies,'’commonly observed in African cases of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), were discovered in cutaneous KS tumors of two American men with AIDS (the acquired immune deficiency syndrome). These “bodies'’were also identified in Gram‐, Giemsa‐, and Fite‐stained (acid‐fast) sections. The exact nature of eosinophilic bodies is unknown, but they are thought to be related to Russell bodies. Further study of eosinophilic bodies in KS may shed light on the pathogenesis of these tumors, as they occur in the epidemic of AIDS.
Management of Temporal Nerve Injuries
Authors: GRABSKI WILLIAM J. , SALASCHE STUART J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Transection of the temporal branch of the facial nerve results in paralysis of the frontalis muscle with subsequent inability to wrinkle the forehead. In addition there is ptosis of the eyebrow with upper visual field defects. The intent of this article is to outline an orderly, rational approach to the management of such injuries based on our experience with seven patients whose nerve was damaged during Mohs surgery for cancer ablation. Repair options include various combinations of direct browplasty, indirect temporal or coronal browlifts, and adjunctive upper lid blepharoplasty.
Use of Rotation Flaps to Repair Small Surgical Defects on the Ala Nasi
Authors: WINTON GEORGE B. , SALASCHE STUART J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A simple rotation flap is recommended for closure of a set of surgical defects of the ala nasi which lie above the alar crease and are up to 1.5 cm in diameter.
Vulvar Paget's Disease with an Underlying Sweat Gland Adenocarcinoma
Authors: PIURA BENJAMIN , ZIRKIN HOWARD J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Vulvar Paget's disease, in contrast to its mammary counterpart, has been found to be associated with an underlying apocrine sweat gland carcinoma in about only 1/4 of the cases. There are two principal theories regarding the pathogenesis of extramammary Paget's disease: (1) intraepidermal origin of the Paget cells occurring independently of, or concomitantly with, an underlying apocrine gland carcinoma, and (2) the migration or metastasis of Paget cells into the epidermis from the underlying apocrine glands and/or ducts. A case of vulvar Paget's disease that, in our opinion, supports the theory of apocrine gland origin of Paget cells is reported herein.
Neoplasms of the Conchal Bowl: Treatment with Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Authors: CLARK DAVID P. , HANKE C. WILLIAM
Published: June 2013

Abstract.Thirty‐four patients with tumors in the conchal bowl were treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. Twenty‐six patients had basal cell carcinoma and 8 patients had squamous cell carcinoma: Thirty‐three of 34 patients achieved a tumor‐free margin during initial therapy. All patients remain free of recurrence and metastasis at an average follow‐up period of 2.9 years. Thirty‐three of 34 patients were allowed to heal by second intention. Only one patient required reconstruction to avoid stenosis of the external auditory canal.
Long‐Term Safety and Efficacy with Fibrel in the Treatment of Cutaneous Scars—Results of a Multicenter Study
Authors: MILLIKAN LARRY , THE MULTICENTER STUDY GROUP*
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Three hundred patients were treated with Fibrel (Serono Laboratories, Randolph, MA) for the correction of cutaneous scars. Fibrel treatment was restricted to four scars with one or two treatments following a negative skin test. The scar corrections were evaluated by the physician, the patient, and also via an objective photogrammetric method. At the end of 1 year, the percentages of scars with moderate, marked, or complete correction were 65.0%, 63.3%, and 85.8% according to physician, patient, and photogrammetric evaluations, respectively. A cohort of 111 patients from the 1‐year study were followed for up to 2 years postimplantation to evaluate safety and efficacy. These patients had similar demographic and scar characteristics as the total patient population in the initial study. The efficacy evaluation at the end of 24 months indicated that successful correction was maintained in 64.4%, 58.9%, and 78.9% of scars for physician, patient, and photogrammetric evaluations, respectively. There were no severe hypersensitivity reactions following treatment with Fibrel. The data from these patients demonstrate that one or two Fibrel treatments are effective in maintaining the correction of depressed cutaneous scars for up to 2 years with negligible adverse sequelae.
Injection Sclerotherapy for Spider Telangiectasias: A 20‐Year Experience with Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate
Authors: TRETBAR LAWRENCE L.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. A 20‐year experience using sodium tetradecyl sulfate (Sotradecol, Elkins‐Sinn, Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) for the injection treatment of spider telangiectasias is reviewed. Of 1426 legs injected, 882 were treated with a 1%‐solution injected directly into the spider veins, and 264 were injected directly with a 1/3%‐solution. With the 1/3%‐solution, the remaining 280 legs had the blue veins feeding the spider telangiectasias injected rather than the spider itself. When injected directly into the spider veins, the lesser concentration gave fewer ulcerations and less pigmentation, but equal treatment results. Injecting the subcutaneous feeder veins appears to provide more permanent clearing of the lesions with fewer recurrences and no side effects. No allergic or other major complications occurred with the injection treatments.
Human In Vivo 31P Spectroscopy of Skin: Potentially a Powerful Tool for Noninvasive Study of Metabolism in a Cutaneous Tissue
Authors: ZEMTSOV ALEXANDER , NG THIAN C , XUE MIN
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The first application of human in vivo phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy to analysis of skin metabolism is presented. Our results confirm that phosphocreatine is a major energy phosphometabolite in human skin. Human in vivo 31P spectroscopy utilizing a skin coil designed in our laboratory can have clinical applications in cutaneous surgery and clinical dermatology, and will facilitate understanding of the pathophysiology of skin disease. In vitro experiments with fresh human skin indicate that complete utilization of phosphocreatine is followed by utilization of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules during ischemia. These experiments also suggest that the majority of phosphocreatine in human skin is localized in epidermal and papillary dermis.
Arteriovenous Fistula Following Punch‐Graft Hair Transplantation
Authors: SEMASHKO DENISE C. , SCHWARTZ MYRON E. , KAYNAN ARIEH , HARRINGTON ELIZABETH B.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Arteriovenous fistula is a rarely reported complication of punch‐graft hair transplantation. Two cases seen at our institution are presented and the nature, etiology, and prevention of this entity are discussed.
Metastatic Lentigo Maligna Melanoma
Authors: ALBERT LEE S. , FEWKES JESSICA , SOBER ARTHUR J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. An elderly woman presented with an advanced and ultimately lethal lentigo maligna melanoma after ignoring a precursor lesion present for several decades. Lentigo maligna melanoma can be lethal in the elderly. Early detection and treatment are warranted.
Mohs Micrographic Surgery Fixed‐Tissue Technique for Melanoma of the Nose
Authors: MOHS FREDERIC E. , SNOW STEPHEN N. , LARSON PAUL O.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Mohs micrographic surgery, fixed‐tissue technique, for excision of nasal melanoma provides three important benefits: 1) assurance of eradication of the main mass along with its “silent” contiguous outgrowths, 2) safe management of non‐contiguous satellites too small to be visible initially, and 3) safe sparing of maximal amounts of surrounding normal tissues. These benefits are achieved because all incisions are through chemically fixed (killed) tissue, eliminating the danger of disseminating the highly transplantable melanoma cells and permitting the excision of successive layers for microscopic scanning of their undersurfaces by the systematic use of frozen sections. The process is continued to the termination of each ramification. There is no need to remove a wide margin of normal tissue as is customary with convenitional surgery. Clinically invisible satellites are not moved or disturbed and can be removed safely by the same method if they appear. The reliability of the method is manifested by the 62.5% 5‐year cure in a series of 10 consecutive patients, all of whom had no local recurrence after micrographic surgery.
Oral Focal Acantholytic Dyskeratosis
Authors: ZUNT SUSAN L. , TOMICH CHARLES E.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis (FAD) is an uncommon lesion of the oral mucosa with only 22 cases reported in the medical/dental literature. Fifteen additional cases of solitary oral FAD are presented. Of these cases, 4 occurred clinically as leukoplakia. Leukoplakia‐associated lesions may be an addition to the current classification of solitary FAD.
Test Spots in Dermabrasion and Chemical Peeling
Authors: SWINEHART JAMES M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Small, inconspicuous test spots performed in advance of a planned dermabrasion or chemical peel can be an excellent adjunct to surgery. Greater predictability of efficacy, pigmentary response, healing characteristics, and side effects is achieved with this preliminary test. Comparisons can also be made between various brushes or fraises, as well as types and strengths of peeling chemicals. Patient anxiety will be alleviated and reliability enhanced with this simple procedure. The relatively few drawbacks of test spots are discussed.
Silicone, Fibrel, and Collagen Implantation for Facial Lines and Wrinkles
Authors: POLLACK SHELDON V.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. In recent decades, cutaneous surgeons have contributed to the development of a number of implantable materials useful in the management of facial lines and wrinkles. Among these, the most effective are injectable liquid silicone, bovine collagen implant (Zyderm/Zyplast, Collagen Corporation, Palo Alto, CA) and gelatin matrix implant (Fibrel, Mentor Corporation, Goleta, CA). Each of these treatments carries its own balance of efficacy, safety, and ease of use. Clinicians are encouraged to evaluate each of these treatments in order to be able to offer a full range of injectable therapy for the aging face.
Presuturing in Alopecia Reductions
Authors: MEIRSON DAN , REYES BLAS A. , GERONEMUS ROY
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The technique of presuturing for alopecia reductions is described. With this procedure, the area of potential reduction is sutured 12–24 hours prior to surgery to enhance the laxity of the scalp.
Müller Phlebectomy
Authors: RAMELET A.‐A.
Published: June 2013

The phlebectomy hooks allow aesthetic and efficient removal of all types of varicose veins by means of small incisions (1–3 mm) according to the technique invented by Dr. Robert Müller. Brief review of Müiler's phlebectomy and discussion of the advantages of this new device.
Recurrent Varicose Veins
Authors: THIBAULT PAUL KENNETH , LEWIS WARREN ANTHONY
Published: June 2013

There is the need to develop a universally accepted standard investigation for recurrent varicose veins. Duplex venous imaging offers a precise, non‐invasive technique to make anatomic and hemodynamic diagnoses. A routine protocol of duplex imaging of recurrent varicose veins is described based on the known recurrent sources of reflux from deep to superficial veins. Results from this protocol indicate that incompetent perforating veins are the most common site of reflux from deep to superficial veins in patients with recurrent postsurgical varicose veins. Other important sites of reflux detected by this method are recurrent communications with the common femoral vein, the saphenopopliteal junction, and incompetent pelvic veins. Duplex imaging is recommended as a safe, noninvasive method of evaluating recurrent varicose veins.
Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Vascular Lesions in Children
Authors: GERONEMUS ROY G.
Published: June 2013

background. The flashlamp‐pumped pulsed dye laser (577, 585 nm) with 300 to 450 μsecond pulsewidths has been demonstrated to effectively and safely treat portwine stains, telangiectases, and superficial hemangiomas in children.

objective. The objective of this manuscript is to review the indications of the pulsed dye laser in the treatment of vascular lesions in children.

conclusion. Pulsed dye laser treatment of port‐wine stains can remove or lighten the lesions with multiple treatment sessions. Spider telangiectases respond with complete resolution, usually within one to two treatment sessions. Superficial hemangiomas respond quite easily and effectively with the pulsed dye laser, while a more variable response is noted in deeper hemangiomas, early proliferative lesions, and ulcerated hemangiomas. This procedure is safe with a low incidence of scarring and pigmentary alteration.
Benign Pigmented Lesions of the Skin
Authors: GOLDBERG DAVID J.
Published: June 2013

background. The Q‐switched ruby laser is a 694 nanometer (red light) pulsed (20–40 nsecond) laser that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of cutaneous pigmented lesions.

objective. This article will review my experience in the use of the Q‐switched ruby laser to treat a wide gamut of epidermal and dermal pigmented lesions.

results. The Q‐switched ruby laser is highly effective in treating epidermal pigmented lesions and can be efficacious in the treatment of some dermal pigmented lesions.

conclusion. The Q‐switched ruby laser is an effective addition to the cutaneous laser armamentarium.
Historical Groundwater Trends in Northern New England and Relations with Streamflow and Climatic Variables
Authors: Dudley Robert W. , Hodgkins Glenn A.
Published: June 2013

Water‐level trends spanning 20, 30, 40, and 50 years were tested using month‐end groundwater levels in 26, 12, 10, and 3 wells in northern New England (Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont), respectively. Groundwater levels for 77 wells were used in interannual correlations with meteorological and hydrologic variables related to groundwater. Trends in the contemporary groundwater record (20 and 30 years) indicate increases (rises) or no substantial change in groundwater levels in all months for most wells throughout northern New England. The highest percentage of increasing 20‐year trends was in February through March, May through August, and October through November. Forty‐year trend results were mixed, whereas 50‐year trends indicated increasing groundwater levels. Whereas most monthly groundwater levels correlate strongly with the previous month's level, monthly levels also correlate strongly with monthly streamflows in the same month; correlations of levels with monthly precipitation are less frequent and weaker than those with streamflow. Groundwater levels in May through August correlate strongly with annual (water year) streamflow. Correlations of groundwater levels with streamflow data and the relative richness of 50‐ to 100‐year historical streamflow data suggest useful proxies for quantifying historical groundwater levels in light of the relatively short and fragmented groundwater data records presently available.
Combining palaeodistribution modelling and phylogeographical approaches for identifying glacial refugia in Alpine Primula
Authors: Schorr Gertrud , Pearman Peter B. , Guisan Antoine , Kadereit Joachim W.
Published: June 2013

Aim

We investigated the late Quaternary history of two closely related and partly sympatric species of Primula from the south‐western European Alps, P. marginata Curtis and P. latifolia Lapeyr., by combining phylogeographical and palaeodistribution modelling approaches. In particular, we were interested in whether the two approaches were congruent and identified the same glacial refugia.

Location

South‐western European Alps.

Methods

For the phylogeographical analysis we included 352 individuals from 28 populations of P. marginata and 172 individuals from 15 populations of P. latifolia and used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). For palaeodistribution modelling, species distribution models (SDMs) were based on extant species occurrences and then projected to climate models (CCSM, MIROC) of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), c. 21 ka.

Results

The locations of the modelled LGM refugia were supported by various indices of genetic variation. The refugia of the two species were largely geographically isolated, overlapping only 6–11% of the species' total LGM distribution. This overlap decreased when the position of the glacial ice sheet and the differential elevational and edaphic distributions of the two species were considered.

Main conclusions

The combination of phylogeography and palaeodistribution modelling proved useful in locating putative glacial refugia of the two alpine species of Primula. The phylogeographical data allowed us to identify those parts of the modelled LGM refugial area that were likely source areas for recolonization. The use of SDMs predicted LGM refugial areas substantially larger and geographically more divergent than could have been predicted by phylogeographical data alone.
Fossil evidence for seasonal calving and migration of extinct blue antelope (Hippotragus leucophaeus) in southern Africa
Authors: Tyler Faith J. , Thompson Jessica C.
Published: June 2013

Aim

Palaeoecological data are crucial to understanding the historical extinction of the blue antelope (Hippotragus leucophaeus). This study examined late Quaternary fossil evidence bearing on the blue antelope's calving and migratory habits.

Location

Cape Floristic Region (CFR), South Africa.

Methods

Blue antelope mortality patterns were reconstructed from dental remains from fossil assemblages spanning the last c. 200,000 years and located in the CFR's winter and year‐round rainfall zones. Two demographic measures were examined: (1) the frequencies of juveniles relative to adults; and (2) the frequencies of neonates relative to older juveniles. Geographical trends were examined across a longitudinal gradient of decreasing winter rainfall and increasing summer rainfall.

Results

There was a significant longitudinal trend in the blue antelope mortality data, with juveniles and neonates declining in frequency from west to east. This suggests that calving occurred primarily in the winter rainfall zone, probably during the winter months when seasonal rains promoted the growth of C3 grasses. The summer drought and lack of adequate forage forced blue antelope to migrate east, in time with summer rainfall and the increased availability of C4 grasses. The migration route probably depended in part on reduced sea levels during glacial phases of the Pleistocene.

Main conclusions

Blue antelope were probably migratory. Rising sea levels at the onset of the Holocene disrupted their migration routes, limited access to west‐coast calving grounds, and fragmented populations. Such disruption would have devastated the blue antelope population and contributed to its vulnerability to extinction. Blue antelope survived previous marine transgressions, however, suggesting that other factors played a role in its demise. Agricultural expansion early in the colonial era may have further disrupted migration routes and played an important role in its extinction.
Efficacy of adalimumab across subgroups of patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic plaque psoriasis of the hands and/or feet: post hoc analysis of REACH
Authors: Poulin Y. , Crowley J.J. , Langley R.G. , Unnebrink K. , Goldblum O.M. , Valdecantos W.C.
Published: June 2013

Background

The Randomized Controlled Evaluation of Adalimumab in Treatment of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis of the Hands and Feet (REACH) trial demonstrated that adalimumab was efficacious and well‐tolerated for the treatment of hand and/or foot psoriasis through 28 weeks.

Objective

To evaluate the effects of patient baseline characteristics on efficacy of adalimumab treatment of hand and/or foot psoriasis.

Methods

Patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic plaque psoriasis of the hands and/or feet were randomized 2 : 1 to adalimumab or placebo during the 16 week, double‐blind period of REACH. Primary endpoint was percentage of patients achieving Physician's Global Assessment of the hands and/or feet of clear/almost clear at week 16. Post hoc analyses evaluated effects of baseline patient characteristics on the primary endpoint. Patients with nail psoriasis at baseline were assessed for association of Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) 50 response with efficacy outcomes at week 16.

Results

Seventy‐two patients (49 adalimumab : 23 placebo) were analysed. Greater percentages of adalimumab‐treated patients achieved the primary endpoint vs. placebo across all subgroups. Among 31 patients with nail psoriasis, a greater percentage of adalimumab‐treated patients achieved NAPSI 50 (56.5%) vs. placebo (12.5%) at week 16. In adalimumab‐treated patients, greater percentages of NAPSI 50 Responders vs. Non‐responders achieved the primary endpoint, and had greater improvements in erythema, scaling, induration and fissuring, Dermatology Life Quality Index, and pain scores.

Conclusions

Adalimumab was efficacious in treating chronic plaque psoriasis of the hands and/or feet over 16 weeks, regardless of baseline characteristics. Marked improvement in nail psoriasis among adalimumab‐treated patients correlated with significant improvements in skin disease and patient‐reported outcomes.
Russian Wheat Aphid, Diuraphis noxia in the Czech Republic – cause of the significant population decrease
Authors: Havelka J. , Žurovcová M. , Rychlý S. , Starý P.
Published: June 2013

Diuraphis noxia is a newly established alien pest in the Czech Republic. There were two population explosions during the period 1993–2012. A successful overwintering of the anholocyclic populations of D. noxia was the cause of a population explosion in the oncoming growth season. Viviparous parthenogenetic females of the anholocyclic populations and diapausing eggs of holocyclic populations could overwinter at the same time. Analysis of the course of winter temperatures showed that a complete winter mortality of anholocyclic populations depended mainly on the duration of the freezing period, when temperature dropped below −5°C, and on the intensity of the frost. We proposed the cumulative effective freeze (in minus degree days) as a key parameter for the aphid anholocyclic population's mortality during overwintering. This parameter equalled −10.1 degree days for relatively warm winter period 2006–2007, whereas in the relatively cold winter period of 2009–2010, this parameter reached −87.1 DD, which caused complete mortality of anholocyclic populations. A cumulative effective freeze could be used for short‐time prognosis of D. noxia population explosion.
Hypoadiponectinaemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese women is associated with infrequent intake of dietary sucrose and fatty foods
Authors: Magalhães G. C. B. , Feitoza F. M. , Moreira S. B. , Carmo A. V. , Souto F. J. D. , Reis S. R. L. , Martins M. S. F. , Gomes da Silva M. H. G.
Published: June 2013

Background

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiponectinaemia and food intake among obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods

In total, 60 obese women were examined by abdominal ultrasound for liver steatosis and subcutaneous and visceral adiposity. A standard interview (including questions about alcohol intake, medical history and physical activity), a physical examination (including height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and body composition) and biochemical and clinical parameters (including serum glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, lipid profile, aminotransferases, C‐reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 levels and blood pressure) were performed. Food intake was evaluated by a qualitative food frequency questionnaire.

Results

Twenty‐four NAFLD patients and thirty‐six controls were analysed. The Mann–Whitney test showed lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group compared to controls (P < 0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that adiponectinaemia was negatively correlated with lipid profile and serum tumour necrosis factor‐α (P = 0.05) and was positively associated with adiposity measures and serum leptin (P < 0.05). By simple linear regression, all of these variables predicted serum adiponectin levels. Chi‐squared and Fisher's exact tests indicated that, in both groups, food intake showed no differences, although sucrose and fatty foods were associated with lower adiponectin levels in the liver disease group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively), as well as in the control group (P = 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively).

Conclusions

Hypoadiponectinaemia in NAFLD was associated with dietary sucrose and fatty food intake, emphasising the important role of diet in the occurrence of this disease.
A Mediterranean diet improves HbA1c but not fasting blood glucose compared to alternative dietary strategies: a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Carter P. , Achana F. , Troughton J. , Gray L. J. , Khunti K. , Davies M. J.
Published: June 2013

Background

Overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight for optimal glucose management, yet many find this difficult. Determining whether alterations in dietary patterns irrespective of weight loss can aid glucose control has not been fully investigated.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis aiming to determine the effects of a Mediterranean diet compared to other dietary interventions on glycaemic control irrespective of weight loss. Electronic databases were searched for controlled trials that included a Mediterranean diet intervention. The interventions included all major components of the Mediterranean diet and were carried out in free‐living individuals at high risk or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Network meta‐analysis compared all interventions with one another at the same time as maintaining randomisation. Analyses were conducted within a Bayesian framework.

Results

Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, seven examined fasting blood glucose (n = 972), six examined fasting insulin (n = 1330) and three examined HbA1c (n = 487). None of the interventions were significantly better than the others in lowering glucose parameters. The Mediterranean diet reduced HbA1c significantly compared to usual care but not compared to the Palaeolithic diet.

Conclusions

The effect of alterations in dietary practice irrespective of weight loss on glycaemic control cannot be concluded from the present review. The need for further research in this area is apparent because no firm conclusions about relative effectiveness of interventions could be drawn as a result of the paucity of the evidence.
Quantification of fly ash in hydrated, blended Portland cement pastes by backscattered electron imaging
Authors: DESCHNER F. , MÜNCH B. , WINNEFELD F. , LOTHENBACH B.
Published: June 2013

An automated image analysis procedure for the segmentation of anhydrous fly ash from backscattered electron images of hydrated, fly ash blended Portland cement paste is presented. A total of six hundred backscattered electron images per sample are acquired at a magnification of 2000. Characteristic features of fly ash particles concerning grey level, shape and texture were used to segment anhydrous fly ash by a combination of grey level filtering, grey level segmentation and morphological filtering techniques. The thresholds for the grey level segmentation are determined for each sample by semiautomatic histogram analysis of the full image stack of each sample. The analysis of the presented dataset reveals a standard deviation of the reaction degree of fly ash of up to 4.3%. The results agree with a selective dissolution method to quantify the reaction degree of fly ash showing the potential of the presented image analysis procedure.
Molecular targets underlying SUMO‐mediated neuroprotection in brain ischemia
Authors: Silveirinha Vasco , Stephens Gary J. , Cimarosti Helena
Published: June 2013

SUMOylation (small ubiquitin‐like modifier conjugation) is an important post‐translational modification which is becoming increasingly implicated in the altered protein dynamics associated with brain ischemia. The function of SUMOylation in cells undergoing ischemic stress and the identity of small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) targets remain in most cases unknown. However, the emerging consensus is that SUMOylation of certain proteins might be part of an endogenous neuroprotective response. This review brings together the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms and downstream effects of SUMOylation in brain ischemia, including processes such as autophagy, mitophagy and oxidative stress. We focus on recent advances and controversies regarding key central nervous system proteins, including those associated with the nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma membrane, such as glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT4), excitatory amino acid transporter 2 glutamate transporters, K+ channels (K2P1, Kv1.5, Kv2.1), GluK2 kainate receptors, mGluR8 glutamate receptors and CB1 cannabinoid receptors, which are reported to be SUMO‐modified. A discussion of the roles of these molecular targets for SUMOylation could play following an ischemic event, particularly with respect to their potential neuroprotective impact in brain ischemia, is proposed.
Cortical GluK1 kainate receptors modulate scratching in adult mice
Authors: Descalzi Giannina , Chen Tao , Koga Kohei , Li Xiang‐Yao , Yamada Kaori , Zhuo Min
Published: June 2013

Recent investigations into the mechanisms mediating itch transmission have focused on spinal mechanisms, whereas few studies have investigated the role of the cerebral cortex in itch‐related behaviors. Human imaging studies show that several cortical regions are active in correspondence with itch, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We present here evidence of cortical modulation of pruritogen‐induced scratching behavior. We combine pharmacological, genetic, and electrophysiological approaches to show that cortical GluK1‐containing kainate (KA) receptors are involved in scratching induced by histamine and non‐histamine‐dependent itching stimuli. We further show that scratching corresponds with enhanced excitatory transmission in the ACC through KA receptor modulation of inhibitory circuitry. In addition, we found that inhibiting GluK1‐containing KA receptors in the ACC also reduced behavioral nociceptive responses induced by formalin. Our results reveal a new role of the cortex in pruritogen‐induced scratching.

image

Cortical contribution to pruritogen‐induced scratching is shown in an animal model. Through a combination of pharmacological, genetic, and electrophysiological data, we show that cortical GluK1‐containing kainate receptors (KAR) are involved in pruritogen‐induced scratching. Peripheral application of itching stimuli activates excitatory afferents projecting to ACC layer II/III pyramidal neurons, initiating presynaptic glutamate (Glu) release which activates postsynaptic AMPA receptors. Simultaneously, presynaptic Glu activates presynaptic KAR located on inhibitory neurons, thereby modulating evoked GABA release and affecting the attenuation of the postsynaptic response.
Cardiovascular changes resulting from sexual activity and sexual dysfunction after myocardial infarction: integrative review
Authors: Bispo Gisele S , de Lima Lopes Juliana , de Barros Alba LBL
Published: June 2013

Aims and objectives

To identify studies on cardiovascular changes resulting from sexual activity, as well as the occurrence of sexual dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction.

Background

Many patients with acute myocardial infarction experience sexual dysfunction, mainly due to fear of dying and/or of having another heart attack.

Design

The research was an integrative literature review.

Methods

Searched databases included Lilacs, Medline and PubMed, and the following were inclusion criteria: national and international articles published from 2000–2011, written in Portuguese, Spanish or English.

Results

The results indicate that many patients with coronary heart disease experience sexual dysfunction whether from fear of experiencing another acute myocardial infarction or due to the side effects of medication. Studies show there are few cardiovascular changes during sexual activity.

Conclusions

Because sexual dysfunction negatively affects the lives of people, providing guidance to individuals with cardiovascular disease, especially after an acute myocardial infarction, may be a crucial factor in determining quality of life and should be incorporated into clinical practice.

Relevance to clinical practice

Despite the subject's importance, there are few studies on nursing guidance concerning sexual activity; moreover, addressing sexuality with patients is still a challenge for nurses.
A systematic review on the transfer of information during nurse transitions in care
Authors: Holly Cheryl , Poletick Eileen B
Published: June 2013

Aims and objectives

To examine the qualitative evidence on dynamics of knowledge transfer during transitions in care in acute care hospitals.

Background

The most common transition between nurse care providers is the intershift handoff. As these handoffs tend to be time‐consuming and costly, it is important to understand the dynamics of the transfer of information at this time and, by extension, improve quality and safety.

Design

Systematic Review.

Methods

Qualitative studies conducted between 1988 and 2012 were sought. A comprehensive four‐stage search strategy identified 125 qualitative studies that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 50 were retrieved for appraisal. Retrieved papers were assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological quality prior to inclusion in the review using a standardised critical appraisal instrument.

Results

The final sample consisted of 29 qualitative studies. This represented more than 800 nursing handoffs and 300 nurse interviews. Sixteen categories were identified, which were then subjected to a meta‐synthesis to produce a single comprehensive set of synthesised findings.

Conclusion

The evidence shows the handoff to be a complex, social interaction highly sensitive to context and cultural norms, an activity essential to multiple functions that extend beyond quality and safety. They are subject to wide variability in both the methods used and the kind of information that is handed off. Notably, the elucidation of the different ways in which individual nurses act as gatekeepers and influence patient care is a major finding of this review.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results of this systemic review provide evidence that a consistent guideline may provide an optimal shift report given the findings of this review that information transferred may be random and variable, inconsistent and incongruent, inaccurate or absent.
Decreased functional T lymphocyte‐mediated cytokine responses in patients with chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia
Authors: Öhrmalm L. , Smedman C. , Wong M. , Broliden K. , Tolfvenstam T. , Norbeck O.
Published: June 2013

Objectives

The degree of immunosuppression in patients with haematological malignancies treated with chemotherapy is routinely measured as number of circulating cells (preferable neutrophils) in peripheral blood. A parallel decline in the number of T cells is expected, but a possible alteration in their functionality has been less well explored. The ability of T cells to secrete more than one cytokine simultaneously is known to indicate protective immunity. The aim of this study was to determine whether the function of circulating T cells is altered in patients with chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia.

Design, setting and subjects

In this cross‐sectional study, we used the FluoroSpot assay to investigate the proportion of T cells secreting either interferon‐γ or interleukin‐2, or both cytokines simultaneously, after anti‐CD3 stimulation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 53 adult patients with chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia and 20 healthy individuals were investigated.

Results

There were significantly fewer T cells secreting interferon‐γ in patients with neutropenia compared with healthy control subjects (P = 0.02), but the difference was greatest for dual cytokine‐secreting T cells (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the amount of secreted cytokine per T cell appeared to be reduced in patients, compared with control subjects.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the functionality of T cells is altered in patients with haematological malignancies with chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia. In parallel with a decline in T cell count, this may further increase the risk of severe infections.
Loneliness, Affect, and Adolescents' Appraisals of Company: An Experience Sampling Method Study
Authors: van Roekel Eeske , Goossens Luc , Verhagen Maaike , Wouters Sofie , Engels Rutger C. M. E. , Scholte Ron H. J.
Published: June 2013

The aims of this study were (1) to examine relations between baseline levels of loneliness and momentary affect and perceptions of company, and (2) to test responses to perceived social threat and lowered reward response to positive stimuli in relation to loneliness in adolescents. Data were collected among 278 adolescents (Mage = 14.19, 59% girls) by using the experience sampling method. Baseline loneliness was related to affect and appraisals of company. Findings revealed greater responses to social threat, in that adolescents with higher levels of baseline loneliness were more negatively affected by negative company. For the lowered reward response, we found opposite effects: adolescents high on loneliness were more positively affected by positive company.
Effects of Osteochondrin S and select connective tissue ribonucleinate components on human osteoclasts in vitro
Authors: Cantley Melissa D , Rainsford K D , Haynes David R
Published: June 2013

Objectives

Osteochondrin S, a natural product derived from connective tissues and yeast, is used to treat osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Osteochondrin S on human osteoclast activity in vitro.

Methods

Osteoclasts were derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) ligand. Cells were treated with 23.5–587.2 ng/ml Osteochondrin S or 0.2–5 mg/ml of RNA components (synovia, placenta, intervertebral disc or cartilage). The effects on osteoclast formation and resorptive activity were assessed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to assess the expression of key osteoclast genes.

Key findings

Osteochondrin S and the individual RNA extracts resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of human osteoclast activity. Osteochondrin S did not affect RANK, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1), osteoclast-associated receptor or cathepsin K expression. However, there was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in mRNA expression of calcitonin receptor. Osteochondrin S treatment also significantly increased the expression of osteoclast inhibitory factor interferon-β and, interestingly, increased the expression of tumour necrosis-α-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK).

Conclusions

Osteochondrin S inhibited the resorptive ability of osteoclasts. These actions are likely to occur at a late stage during osteoclast formation, downstream of NFATc1. Overall, the findings show that Osteochondrin S inhibition of osteoclast activity may be responsible for its beneficial effects on diseases such as osteoarthritis.
Rapid eye movement sleep does not seem to unbind memories from their emotional context
Authors: Deliens Gaétane , Neu Daniel , Peigneux Philippe
Published: June 2013

Sleep unbinds memories from their emotional learning context, protecting them from emotional interference due to a change of mood between learning and recall. According to the ‘sleep to forget and sleep to remember’ model, emotional unbinding takes place during rapid eye movement sleep. To test this hypothesis, we investigated emotional contextual interference effects after early versus late post‐learning sleep periods, in which slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep, respectively, predominate. Participants learned a list of neutral word pairs after induction of a happy or a sad mood, then slept immediately afterwards for 3 h of early or late sleep under polysomnographic recording, in a within‐subject counterbalanced design. They slept for 3 h before learning in the late sleep condition. Polysomnographic data confirmed more rapid eye movement sleep in the late than in the early sleep condition. After awakening, half the list was recalled after induction of a similar mood than during the encoding session (non‐interference condition), and the other half of the list was recalled after induction of a different mood (interference condition). The results disclosed an emotional interference effect on recall both in the early and late sleep conditions, which does not corroborate the hypothesis of a rapid eye movement sleep‐related protection of recent memories from emotional contextual interference. Alternatively, the contextual demodulation process initiated during the first post‐learning night might need several consecutive nights of sleep to be achieved.