bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic detection of code smells using metrics and CodeT5 embeddings: a case study in C#
Authors: Kovačević Aleksandar , Luburić Nikola , Slivka Jelena , Prokić Simona , Grujić Katarina-Glorija , Vidaković Dragan , Sladić Goran
Published: May 2022

Code
smells are code structures that harm the software’s quality. An obstacle to
developing automatic detectors is the available datasets' limitations. Furthermore,
researchers developed many solutions for Java while neglecting other
programming languages. Recently, we created the code smell dataset for C# by
following an annotation procedure inspired by the established annotation
practices in Natural Language Processing. This paper evaluates Machine Learning
(ML) code smell detection approaches on our novel dataset. We consider two feature
representations to train ML models: (1) code metrics and (2) CodeT5 embeddings.
This study is the first to consider the CodeT5 state-of-the-art
neural source code embedding for code smell detection in C#. To prove
the effectiveness of ML, we consider multiple metrics-based heuristics as alternatives.
In our experiments, the best-performing approach was the ML classifier trained on
code metrics (F-measure of 0.87 for Long Method and 0.91 for Large Class detection).
However, the performance improvement over CodeT5 features is negligible if we
consider the advantages of automatically inferring features. We showed that our model exceeds human performance and could be
helpful to developers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to
compare the performance of automatic smell detectors against human performance.
Securing Big Data: A Survey on Security Solutions
Authors: Elshall Hany
Published: May 2022

This survey paper aims to summarize and emphasize the security threats within Big Data framework, in addition, it is worth mentioning research work related to Big Data Analytics (BDA).
Balanced Energy Consumption Based on Historical Participation of Resource-Constrained Devices in Federated Edge Learning
Authors: Albaseer Abdullatif , Abdallah Mohamed , Al-Fuqaha Ala , Erbad aiman
Published: May 2022

To appear in IEEE

In recent years, Federated Edge Learning has gained interest from both industry and academia for deployment at the wireless network edge. However, some resource-restricted edge devices (EDs) bear more computation and communication loads due to the heterogeneity of data and resources. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature to reduce energy costs by scheduling only a few EDs to complete training tasks based on their energy budgets. Nevertheless, from a practical perspective, the incongruent data distribution cannot be captured, resulting in a biased model for EDs that are frequently selected. Furthermore, the frequently scheduled devices deplete their energy quickly, making them inaccessible. Thus, this paper proposes a novel scheduling policy based on the historical participation of each ED that ensures an unbiased model while balancing learning tasks so that all EDs consume equivalent energy at the end of the training. We formulate an optimization problem based on Jain’s fairness index, followed by tractable algorithms to solve this problem. Extensive experiments have been conducted, and the results show that the proposed algorithm balances the energy consumption among EDs and accelerates the convergence rate while achieving satisfactory performance.
Analyzing the Impacts of a Successful Diffusion of Shared E-Scooters and Other Micromobility Devices and Efficient Management Strategies for Successful Operations in Illinois
Authors:   University of Illinois Chicago, Mohammadian Abolfazl , Rahimi Ehsan ,   University of Illinois Chicago, Javadinasr Mohammadjavad ,   University of Illinois Chicago, Shamshiripour Ali ,   University of Illinois Chicago, Davatgari Amir ,   University of Illinois Chicago, Allahyari Afshin ,   University of Illinois Chicago, Brown Talon ,   University of Illinois Chicago
Published: May 2022

Active transportation can play an important role in promoting more physically active and positive public health outcomes. While walking and biking provide significant physical health benefits, their modal share remains low. As a new form of micromobility service, shared e-scooters can enhance the suite of options available in cities to promote active transportation and fill in the gaps when walking or biking are not preferred. Although e-scooters show potential as a mode of transportation, it is unclear whether people will adopt the technology for everyday use. Furthermore, shared micromobility (e.g., electric scooters) is gaining attention as a complementary mode to public transit and is expected to offer a solution to access/egress for public transit. However, few studies have analyzed integrated usage of shared e-scooters and public transit systems while using panel data to measure spatial and temporal characteristics. This study aims to examine the adoption and frequency of shared e-scooter usage and provide policy implementation. To do so, the researchers launched a survey in the Chicago region in late 2020 and collected a rich data set that includes residents’ sociodemographic details and frequency of shared e-scooter use. To characterize the frequency, the researchers used an ordered probit structure. The findings show that respondents who are male, low income, Millennials and Generation Z, or do not have a vehicle are associated with a higher frequency of shared e-scooter use. Furthermore, this study utilizes shared e-scooter trips for a 35-day measurement period from 10 shared e-scooter operators in Chicago, where the researchers used a random-parameter negative binomial modeling approach to analyze panel effects. The findings highlight the critical role of spatial and temporal characteristics in the integration of shared e-scooters with transit.
IMPORTANCE OF BIO FERTILIZERS AS ALTERNATIVE SOIL FERTILITY AMENDMENTS
Authors: Mutebi Chrispo Makheti , Moranga Vincent
Published: May 2022

There is a current interest in agrarian sustainability with soil microorganisms instead of agro-chemicals.  Key constraints in the use of bio fertilizers are; inadequate awareness about bio inoculants and lack of promotion network and publicity among the end users. This review discusses current technical information a way of creating awareness in order to promote the use of bio fertilizers. Publon, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Microsoft Academic data bases were used for the review 2021. Research and review articles published from 2019 onwards were considered as current information for the review. The findings of the review are that; both primary and secondary macronutrients can be provided by bio fertilizers. Potential microbes are; free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria and cyanobacteria, symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and fungi such as mycorrhiza. Other important functions of bacteria are; conferring to plants the ability for salt tolerance, lignin degradation and remediation of heavy metals from the soil. Bio Compost, vermicompost and termite soil with their rich microorganism content can be used as bio fertilizers for soil nutrient increase. In order to reap maximum benefit from bio fertilizers there is need to formulate them in appropriate materials. Apart from addition of nutrients to the soil, bio fertilizers play an important role in plant health, conclusion. This paper has brought to the fore the need to improve rhizosphere management in a sustainable way particularly at this point in time when there are strong indications that it has deteriorated in the face of continued use of chemical fertilizers.
ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF Impatiens balsamina (L.): LITERATURE REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: Kusumawati Anggun Hari , Kholillah Siti , Mr. Farhamzah , Samsudin Amad , Apriana Sukma Dewi , Permadi Anggi Maudia , Adawiah Irma , Mr. Hasnimar
Published: May 2022

The human body contains a diverse range of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. The most common bacteria and fungi caused skin pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermis and Candida albicans. Many studies have found that Impatiens balsamina (L.)  contains antibacterial and antifungal activities. Acne and Candidiasis are diseases that often arise and can interfere with comfort for sufferers. Usually, acne is caused by the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus aureus, and Candidiasis caused by the Candida albicans. One of the plants that is widely used as an antiacne and antifungal treatment is the Impatiens balsamina (L.). Impatiens balsamina (L.)  has antiacne and antifungal activities. The purpose of the review is to find out if the Impatiens balsamina (L.)  has activity as an antiacne, antifungal and can identify secondary metabolites that can inhibit the emergence of bacteria in acne and candidiasis in various journals. The method used is the Literature Review Article (LRA) method. A search through Google Scholar and Pubmed found 12 articles that Impatiens balsamina (L.)  contains secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids and saponins. The mechanism of action of flavonoids is by inhibiting the function of cell membranes and energy metabolism of bacteria, while the mechanism of action of saponins as antifungals is by damaging cell membranes, causing cell leakage which ultimately leads to cell death. From the two mechanisms, these secondary metabolites can have antiacne and antifungal activities.
APPLICATION OF DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS TO IDENTIFY DESTRUCTIVE CONTENT IN SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Минаев Владимир Александрович , Поликарпов Евгений Сергеевич , Симонов Александр Валерьевич
Published: May 2022

Цель исследования состоит в разработке методики и поиске эффективного алгоритма выявления деструктивного контента в кратких публикациях и комментариях в социальных медиа. Проведен обзор существующих решений для выявления деструктивного контента, описаны их преимущества и недостатки в контексте решаемой задачи. Сформированы составные экспериментальные корпуса текстов по темам: реабилитация нацизма, антисемитизм, радикальный ислам. Проведена нормализация корпусов, используя методы стемминга и лемматизации. Осуществлена операция векторизации нормализованных корпусов методами мешка слов (BoW), TF-IDF и слоем искусственных нейронных сетей (ИНС). Построены архитектуры глубинных ИНС: сверточной нейронной сети (CNN), рекуррентной нейронной сети с долгой краткосрочной памятью (LSTM), рекуррентной нейронной сети с механизмом вентилей (GRU). Проведены эксперименты по классификации сформированных корпусов текстов с использованием созданных ИНС и традиционных методов машинного обучения. Произведена интерпретация полученных результатов экспериментов и обосновано применение глубинных ИНС при решении поставленной задачи. Сделан вывод о целесообразности использования полученных результатов структурами, занятыми выявлением и удалением деструктивного контента.

The purpose of the research is to develop a methodology and search for an effective algorithm for identifying destructive content in short publications and comments in social media. The review of existing solutions for identifying destructive content is carried out, their advantages and disadvantages are described in the context of the problem being solved. Composite experimental corpuses of texts on the following topics were formed: rehabilitation of Nazism, anti-Semitism, and radical Islam. The normalization of the cases was carried out using the methods of stemming and lemmatization. The operation of vectorization of normalized corpora by the methods of a bag of words (BoW), TF-IDF and a layer of artificial neural networks (INS) is carried out. The architectures of deep INS are constructed: convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network with long short-term memory (LSTM), recurrent neural network with a gate mechanism (GRU). Experiments were conducted on the classification of the generated text corpora using the created INS and traditional machine learning methods. The interpretation of the obtained experimental results is made and the use of deep INS in solving the problem is justified. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using the obtained results by structures engaged in identifying and removing destructive content.
MATHEMATICAL PROVISION OF TWO-STAGE MODEL OF EPIDEMIC PROCESSES OF NETWORKED AUTOMATED STRUCTURES
Authors: Шеншин Александр Игоревич , Шварцкопф Евгения Андреевна , Разинкин Константин Александрович
Published: May 2022

В последние годы отмечается стремительный рост количества атак на информационные системы и ресурсы с использованием вредоносного кода и контента. Наряду с этим, происходит непрерывное совершенствование функциональных возможностей вирусов, позволяющих скрывать своё присутствие в системе. К сожалению, существующий арсенал моделей эпидемических процессов не позволяет эффективно учитывать период скрытого распространения инфекции с последующим реагированием систем защиты при практическом моделировании сетевых эпидемий. В представленном исследовании проведён анализ существующего методического обеспечения в области сетевой эпидемиологии и предложено описание (включая научно-методическое обоснование) дискретной двухэтапной модели эпидемического процесса, призванной разрешить указанное противоречие, а также - разработана методика построения этой модели, включающая соответствующие аналитические выражения для параметров моделирования.

In recent years there is a rapid increase of number of attacks on information systems and resources using malicious code and content. Along with this, continuous improvement of self-presence hiding functionality of malware are taking place. Unfortunately, existing arsenal of epidemic process models does not provide an ability to effectively take into account a latent spread period of infection and following reaction of protection systems in cases of practical modeling of network epidemics. In presented research was carried out an analysis of the existing methodological works in the field of network epidemiology and was proposed a description (including scientific-methodological justification) of a discrete two-stage epidemic process model, which is designed to resolve said contradiction, and a methodology for constructing this model was developed, including the corresponding analytical expressions for the modeling parameters.
CARTOGRAPHIC STUDY OF BLOCKCHAIN TRANSACTIONS AND SMART CONTRACTS OF CYBERCRIMINALS IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTING ATTACKS ON AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND ASSESSING THE DAMAGE TO THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Сердечный Алексей Леонидович , Скогорева Дарья Андреевна , Длинный Евгений Павлович , Ле Тиен Чинь , Чьеу Динь Вьет
Published: May 2022

Целью настоящих исследований следует считать противодействие компьютерной преступности за счёт совершенствования методов анализа их финансовых транзакций, осуществляемых в рамках операций с криптовалютами, построенными по технологии Blockchain. В рамках исследований разработана программная система сбора и картографического анализа сведений о Bitcoin-транзакциях и смарт-контрактах, а также разработана методика её применения для решения задач, связанных с противодействием компьютерной преступности. На примере анализа деятельности криптовымогателей показана возможность использования методики для оценки рисков, связанных с соответствующими угрозами. На основании полученных оценок были разработаны рекомендации по снижению рисков от угроз воздействия криптовымогателей. Полученные результаты могут быть применены для противодействия компьютерным преступлениям на корпоративные информационные системы, а также для оценки рисков реализации других угроз, связанных с группировками, использующими криптовалюты для осуществления своей преступной деятельности.

The purpose of this study should be considered to counteract computer crime by improving the methods of analyzing their financial transactions carried out as part of operations with cryptocurrencies built on Blockchain technology.As part of the research, a software system for collecting and cartographic analysis of information about Bitcoin transactions and smart contracts has been developed, and a methodology for its application has been developed to solve problems related to countering computer crime. Using the example of the analysis of the activities of crypto ransomware, the possibility of using the methodology to assess the risks associated with the corresponding threats is shown. Based on the estimates obtained, recommendations were developed to reduce the risks from the threats of the impact of ransomware. The obtained results can be applied to counteract computer crimes on corporate information systems, as well as to assess the risks of implementing other threats associated with groups using cryptocurrencies to carry out their criminal activities.
ASSESSMENT AND REGULATION OF THE RISKS OF THE REALIZATION OF THREATS OF UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO THE DATA OF THE AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEM "SMART HOME": METHODOLOGICAL BASE AND SOFTWARE
Authors: Кунавин Валерий Евгеньевич , Ермаков Сергей Александрович , Болгов Андрей Александрович , Лихобабин Сергей Николаевия
Published: May 2022

В работе проводится разработка методического подхода и программного обеспечения оценки и регулирования рисков реализации угроз несанкционированного доступа к данным автоматизированной информационной системы «Умный дом». Предлагается оригинальный подход к анализу защищенности таких систем, основанный на применении аппарата теории рисков и нечёткой логики. Произведен анализ существующих подходов к обеспечению безопасности информационных систем. Построена методическая база оценки рисков и рекомендации по их регулированию. Предложенный методический подход реализован с помощью имитационного программного комплекса. Предложена методика регулирования рисков, основанная на анализе состояния межмашинного взаимодействия внутри сети с течением времени. Произведена оценка эффективности методического подхода к оценке и управлению рисками.

The work contains a methodological approach and software for assessing and regulating the risks of the implementation of threats of unauthorized access to the data of the automated information system "Smart House". An original approach to the analysis of the security of such systems is proposed, based on the use of the theory of risks and fuzzy logic. The analysis of existing approaches to ensuring the security of information systems has been carried out. A methodological basis for assessing risks and recommendations for their regulation has been built. The proposed methodological approach is implemented using a simulation software package. A risk management methodology based on the analysis of the state of machine-to-machine interaction within the network over time is proposed. The effectiveness of the methodological approach to risk assessment and management was assessed.
COVID-INFODEMY MATHEMATICAL MODEL
Authors: Щетинина Ирина Владимировна , Москалева Екатерина Алексеевна , Волкова Марина Евгеньевна , Власов Валерий Константинович
Published: May 2022

Инфодемия представляет собой стремительное и неконтролируемое распространение в медиа необоснованной и ложной информации о кризисных событиях. Во время пандемии коронавируса возникла новая разновидность сетевой дезинформации, связанная с распространением различных слухов о заболевании, вакцинации и т. п., которая стремительно развиваясь, охватила все страны, став таким образом ковид-инфодемией. Инфодемия наносит большой вред работе систем здравохранения, правительств стран, существенно снижая уровень доверия к ним граждан. В статье представлена математическая модель инфодемии, основанная на данных по статистике о слухах, посвященных коронавирусной пандемии. За основу взяты эпидемические SEIR и SEIR-D модели. Результаты моделирования показали применимость предлагаемых моделей. Предлагаемые в статье модели можно использовать для прогнозирования развития и моделирования угроз ковид-инфодемии, в задачах определения ущерба, наносимого ковид-инфодемией экономике и здравохранению.

Infodemia is the rapid and uncontrolled dissemination of unreasonable and false information about crisis events in the media. During the coronavirus pandemic, a new type of online misinformation has emerged, associated with the spread of various rumors about the disease, vaccinations, etc., which is rapidly developing, spreading across all countries, thus becoming a covid infodemic. Infodemia causes great harm to the work of health care systems, governments of countries, significantly reducing the level of citizens' trust in them. The article presents a mathematical model of infodemic, based on statistics on rumors about the coronavirus pandemic. Epidemic SEIR and SEIR-D models are taken as a basis. The simulation results showed the applicability of the proposed models. The models proposed in the article can be used to predict the development and modeling of the threats of covid-infodemia, in the tasks of determining the damage caused by covid-infodemy to the economy and health care.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED SOFTWARE MODULE FOR A REGIONAL INTERNET USER
Authors: Каушан Аркадий Юрьевич , Поздникина Александра Владимировна , Остапенко Александр Григорьевич , Пахомова Анна Степановна , Боков Илья Александрович
Published: May 2022

В статье рассмотрена корреляция факторов влияния на уязвимость к деструктивному контенту в социальных сетях и параметров интернет-пользователя. В этой связи авторами предлагается методология, а также программная реализация, позволяющая определять подверженные деструктивному воздействию в сети страты региональных интернет-пользователей. Практический смысл предлагаемой работы заключается в том, что благодаря данной методологии появилась возможность на основе социального опроса пользователей интернет пространства с помощью статистической вероятности оценить шанс попадания под негативное воздействие деструктивного контента. При достаточной общности предлагаемой методики акцент сделан на региональный аспект. Все это в совокупности образует полную методологию, которая может служить основой для дальнейших исследований, проводимых в данной сфере, а также использоваться для выработки рекомендации по снижению уязвимости пользователей регионального интернет-пространства от влияния деструктивного контента.

The paper studies the correlation of factors of influence on the vulnerability to destructive content in social networks from the parameters of the Internet user. In this regard, the authors propose a methodology, as well as a software implementation, which makes it possible to identify vulnerable strata of regional Internet users. The practical meaning of the proposed work lies in the fact that thanks to this methodology, it became possible, based on a survey of Internet users, using the statistical probability of the chance of falling under the negative impact of destructive content. With sufficient generality of the proposed methodology, the emphasis is placed on the regional aspect. All this taken together forms a complete methodology, which can serve as a basis for further research in this area, and also be used to develop recommendations for reducing the vulnerability of users of the regional Internet space from the influence of destructive content.
ENSURING THE INFORMATION SECURITY WITH THE USE OF TOOLS OF FORENSICS
Authors: Филяк Петр Юрьевич , Королев Сергей Владимирович , Тебеньков Никита Владимирович
Published: May 2022

Представлен подход к обеспечению информационной безопасности [1] с помощью применения инструментальных средств прикладной науки о расследовании и раскрытии преступлений, связанных с компьютерной безопасностью, известной под названием форензика . Рассматриваются кратко терминология, теоретические основы и подходы данной науки, а также представлен набор конкретных инструментов для реализации форензики в рамках программно-аппаратных комплексов, которые можно применять на практике в целях обеспечения информационной безопасности коммерческих и не коммерческих организаций, а также иных субъектов экономической деятельности. Представлены три программных продукта: OSForensics - комплект утилит для проведения компьютерной экспертизы, выполняющий поиск и анализ различных данных в системе, восстанавливающий данные, предоставляющий возможность просмотра следов активности пользователя; Belkasoft Evidence Center - инструмент для комплексной цифровой криминалистической экспертизы и расследования корпоративных инцидентов и Passware Kit Forensic - инструмент для поиска всех зашифрованных файлов на носителях информации.

The paper presents an approach to ensuring information security through the use of tools of the applied science of investigation and disclosure of crimes related to computer security, known as forensics. The terminology, theoretical foundations and approaches of this science are briefly considered, as well as a set of specific tools for the implementation of forensis within the framework of software and hardware complexes that can be applied in practice in order to ensure information security of commercial and non-commercial organizations, as well as other subjects of economic activity. Three software products are presented: OSForensics - a set of utilities for conducting computer expertise, performing search and analysis of various data in the system, restoring data, providing the ability to view traces of user activity; Belkasoft Evidence Center - a tool for complex digital forensic examination and investigation of corporate incidents and Passware Kit Forensic -a tool for searching all encrypted files on data carriers.
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Twenty-Five Years Later: The Slow, Quiet, and Troubled Demise of Liar Libel
Authors: Niehoff Leonard , Messenger Ashley
Published: May 2022

In Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co., the Supreme Court held that there is no separate constitutional protection for statements of opinion. It also held that an accusation that an individual lied is a statement of fact actionable in defamation. Lower courts have, correctly in our view, essentially ignored both holdings. In Part I we discuss Milkovich and the infirmities in its reasoning. In Part II we discuss the complex nature of lies and accusations of lies and argue that Milkovich failed to account for that complexity. In Part III we discuss the strategies the lower courts have used to steer around the problematic Milkovich decision. And in Part IV we offer suggestions for the future direction of jurisprudence in this complicated area of the law.
Three Problems (And Two Solutions) in the Law of Partnership Formation
Authors: Bayern Shawn
Published: May 2022

This Article considers several foundational questions concerning the formation of general partnerships, a topic that has received little modern attention and that is governed largely by classical axioms rather than adaptive modern considerations. Its three main topics concern (1) the timing of partnership formation, (2) the aggregation of multiple distinct questions under the single heading of “partnership formation,” and (3) the rarely challenged proposition that general partners ought to be liable for partnership obligations, a doctrine that is surprisingly at odds with the rest of modern business-entity law.
ON NOTEWORTHY APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH LEGUERRE POLYNOMIAL
Authors: Dinesh Verma  , Atul Kumar Rai  , Vipin Dixit
Published: May 2022

The Kamal Transform is a mathematical tool used in solving the differential equations. Kamal Transform makes it easier to solve the problem in engineering application and make differential equations simple to solve. In this paper, we will discuss analytic solutions of differential equations including leguerre polynomial by using kamal transform.
KEY WORDS: Kamal Transform, Leguerre Polynomial, Differential Equations.
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON INDIAN MANGROVES: A SOCIOECONOMIC CRISIS AND A THREAT TO THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Suvadip Jana  , Sourav Dolai
Published: May 2022

Mangroves are highly loaded with immense nutrient and always share it with adjoining coastal habitats. Interestingly this system supports number of endemic and endangered species throughout the tropical coast. India has more than 7500 km coastal line within this, it supports 4, 87,100 ha of mangroves and harbours 3985 species of flora and fauna. During late 80s India lost considerable areas of its mangrove cover due to several anthropogenic pressures [1]. The ongoing climate change turned out to be a potential threat to the remaining Indian mangroves and other coastal ecosystem. Ironically there is no sound study till date about the impacts of ongoing climate change on Indian mangroves [2]. The loss of mangroves will spread its impact on the adjoining system in a significant way. So, the mangrove loss will negatively influence the fishery resource of the tropical region and initiate regional and global socioeconomical crisis.
KEYWORDS :- Climate Change, Mangroves, Biodiversity loss, Socioeconomic Crisis
Spirituality Business with Faith
Authors: Suraji Robertus , Sastrodiharjo Istianingsih
Published: May 2022

Several studies have found that many business activities ignore human values ​​and damage the environment. This condition shows that business people ignore the spiritual factors in their activities. Therefore, it is a question of whether it is possible to combine business with spirituality so that business brings blessings to other people and their environment. The notion that business is contrary to religion has long been happening. Karl Mark considers that religion is an obstacle to economic development. However, Marx Weber's research proves that Protestantism in Europe and America can be a driver for the birth of capitalism. The modern economic theory finds that we will find saints, mystics, or Sufis in companies in the era of global markets. The business spiritual has taught that business is not just a matter of making money. However, there must be a balance between spiritual and material values ​​and respect for the human condition of future generations. In Islam, the union of business with the spiritual is not new. This fact is very clearly exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad. and his friends. The Prophet and the Companions did not separate business activities from spiritual values. A healthy business brings balance, as stated in Surah Ar-Rahman verses 7-9; the earth and sky were created in balance. Humans are prohibited from destroying the balance. In modern science, Elkington describes this balance in what is referred to as the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) between Profit, People, and Planet. To achieve the entire balance, Elkington's TBL in 3P (Profit, People, and Planet) must be added by 1 P, which is Prophet (Prophet). This Prophet guides business people to have spirituality, which is always their strength and awareness.
Association between Age Related Macular Degeneration and Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Putra Anugerah Ramadhan
Published: May 2022

Anxiety disorders has been termed a social epidemic especially by people with disabilities, one of them is visual impairment because age related macular degenaration. The present study compared the qualitative dimensions of loneliness of the blind and visually impaired with the generall population not on the frequency or intensity of their loneliness. This study compared the qualitative dimensions of loneliness between blind and visually impaired persons and the general population, rather than the frequency or intensity of their loneliness., no studies have specifically evaluated anxiety disorder in young and middle-aged people with visual impairment (VI). High prevalence of loneliness among the visually impaired elderly persons, that reports a prevalence of 54% in the visually impaired elderly aged ≥55 years. In addition, the risk of loneliness was higher for those who were aged 36 to 50 years, exposed to bullying or physical or sexual abuse, had blindness, other impairments, or were unemployed. The mean score for loneliness was 4.83 (SD 1.82), 4.88 for women and 4.78 for men (p = 0.46). The majority of participants reported missing somebody to be with sometimes (39.0%) or often (21.1%). The prevalence of anxiety among older adults with AMD is also higher than among both general populations of older adults and those with other common age-related medical conditions. The aim of this study to estimate the prevalence of loneliness and associated factors in adults with age related macular degeneration.
Understanding the Correlation Between Visual Impairment and Mental Health: A Literature Review
Authors: Zamzam Avizena Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Low vision is one of the major ophthalmologic problems and the leading causes of disability in older adults associated with reduced quality of life and increased depressive symptoms. In turn, depression may cause a further decline in quality of life, may aggravate disability caused by the visual impairment, and may increase vulnerability for health decline. Approximately around 36 million are blind, and 217 million have marked moderate to severe visual impairment. Visual impairment refers, generally, to poor vision. Observational data revealed that those with sight loss were twice as likely as those with another impairment to have experienced discrimination. There is evidence that individuals with visual impairment have poorer mental health than their impairment-free counterparts. In health care settings, an association between visual impairment and depression has been consistently reported. Greater prevalence of depressive symptoms in those with visual impairment has also been reported.  The aim of this review is therefore to summarize the literature with the goal to untangle the relationship between vision loss and psychological factors that lead to mental health disturbance.
Loneliness Among Adult with Visual Impairment
Authors: Saskia Tresa Ivani
Published: May 2022

Loneliness is a multifaceted experience which can be understood through the lens of the biopsychosocial model which is an interdisciplinary approach that looks at the interconnection between biology, psychology, and socio-environmental factors in affecting health, illness, psychological experiences and disturbances. This study compared the qualitative dimensions of loneliness between blind and visually impaired persons and the general population, rather than the frequency or intensity of their loneliness. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have specifically evaluated depression in young and middle-aged people with visual impairment (VI). Discrimination may exacerbate these difficulties. High prevalence of loneliness among the visually impaired elderly persons, that reports a prevalence of 54% in the visually impaired elderly aged ≥55 years. In addition, the risk of loneliness was higher for those who were aged 36 to 50 years, exposed to bullying or physical or sexual abuse, had blindness, other impairments, or were unemployed. The mean score for loneliness was 4.83 (SD 1.82), 4.88 for women and 4.78 for men (p = 0.46). The majority of participants reported missing somebody to be with sometimes (39.0%) or often (21.1%). The aim of this study to estimate the prevalence of loneliness and associated factors in adults with visual impairment.
Pharmacokinetics of Povidone-Iodine and Its Effects on Bacterial Keratitis
Authors: Aziztama Rezandi
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of povidone-iodine and its efficacy against bacterial keratitis. The method in phase I, forty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into groups I and II and received intravitreal 0.1% and 0.3% PVI, respectively. Electroretinography (ERG) and histologic examinations were conducted at baseline, 6, and 12 hours. Half-life was determined using high- performance liquid chromatography. In phase II, after the induction of S. epidermidis, 0.1% and 0.3% PVI were injected intravitreally once in groups A and B and three times every second day in groups C and D (n 10 in each group). Electroretinographs, histologic examinations, and vitreous cultures were conducted on day 14. Electroretinography and histologic examinations did not reveal any notable retinal damage in phase I in either group. Half-lives were 3.27 and 3.58 hours in groups I and II, respectively. In phase II, all groups demonstrated marked improvement, compared to controls. Bacterial growth was found in four eyes in group A (20, 60, 60, and 70 colony forming units [CFU]) and in three eyes in group B (20, 40, and 60 CFU) but not in those belonging to groups C and D at day 14. Retinal damage with lymphocyte infiltration in the inner retinal layers was more common in groups A and B than in groups C and D. Half-life of PVI was approximately 3 hours in the vitreous. Repeated injection of intraocular PVI, even at low concentrations, is most likely to be effective for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis.
Characteristics of Hemangioma Patient in Palembang
Authors: Perangin-Angin Eka Kurniawan , Mufida Muzakkie
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Hemangioma is a form of vascular anomaly that has various characteristics. Characteristics data, region, size of lesion, complications, and choice of treatment both operative and non-operative in hemangioma patients, especially at the RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin, Palembang. This study aims to collect data and evaluate it.

Methods: This study used secondary data which is medical records of all hemangioma cases treated at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang on January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. Data analysis used descriptive analysis, where the data that has been collected will be grouped and presented in the form of a frequency distribution table for each characteristic.

Results: There were 61 medical records that meet the study criteria. The age at diagnosis was 2 (range 0-8) weeks. The number of female patients (n = 34; 55.74%) was found to be more than men (n = 27; 44.26%). Infantile hemangiomas (n = 39; 63.9%) were found to be more common than congenital hemangiomas (n = 22; 36.1%). Most of the hemangiomas were in the face (n = 36; 59%). The median size of hemangioma lesions in this study was 3 (range 0.5-10) cm. There were 18 hemangioma lesions that had complications (29.5%). The majority of hemangioma patients underwent operative management (n = 47; 77%), others underwent non-operative management (n = 14; 23%).

Conclusion: Hemangiomas are found commonly in female patients. The location of the lesion is predominantly in the facial area. Nearly a third of hemangioma lesions have complications with the most common complication were ulcers. Hemangioma management was dominated by operative management which may be associated with a large number of hemangioma lesions in sensitive locations and complications.
Characteristics of Patients with VP Shunt Malfunction in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital between May 2018 and July 2019
Authors: Ismoyo Argo , Anugerah Onie
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Hydrocephalus may occur when the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is excessive or, the most common cause when, the absorption of CSF is decreased. The VP Shunt is most commonly performed worldwide as the primary treatment for hydrocephalus. The complications of VP Shunt are shunt infection, mechanical malfunction and over or under-drainage. This study aims to see the characteristics of patients affected by post VP shunt infection who are treated at dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang

Methods: This research was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Using secondary data from the medical records of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. Performed in the from May 2018 to July 2019. Samples were all patients diagnosed with malfunction and infection with VP Shunt.

Results: There were 23 subjects participated who met study critera. VP shunt infections were mostly male (82.6%). The largest age distribution is less than 1 year old (39.1%). The most incidence occured at the age of 1-6 months (60.9%). The most common type of surgery was emergency surgery (60.8%). The most common malfunctions were caused by shunt malfunctions (69.6%).

Conclusion: Male patients, patients age <1 year old with onset of 1-6 months, and shunt malfunctons were the most common characteristic of patients diagnosed with malfunction and infection with VP Shunt.
Characteristics of Metacarpal Fracture Patients in Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Period January 2017 - December 2019
Authors: Daniel Ferrand  , Nur Rachmat Lubis
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Metacarpal fracture is the most common injury of manus region found in the emergency department (ER). Injuries to the manus region, especially metacarpal fractures, can cause great losses, especially in the productive age range. The diagnostic accuracy of metacarpal fractures is required for further operative or nonoperative management as indicated.

Methods: This research is a retrospective study with a descriptive design. The aim of this study was to describe patient characteristics based on age, gender, fracture position, fracture location, mechanism of injury, and metacarpal fracture management. There are 48 cases in this study.

Results: The metacarpal fracture patients dominated by male. Most common found in 20-29 years age. The youngest age was 5 years and the oldest was 60 years (mean age 31.06 ± 14.23 years). Most fracture position found on the right side of the fifth metacarpal location. Mechanism of injur dominated by low energy trauma (LET). Open reduction management with miniplate-type dominant in this study sample.

Conclusion: Early prevention and treatment of orthopedic surgery can be considered as the most important for the management of metacarpal fracture patients.
Characteristic of Head Injury Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang General Hospital
Authors: Ferdi Stefiyan  , Permono Trijoso
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Head injury is both major health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. Epidemiological studies of head injuries are essential for the effective prevention and treatment of head injury patients, but often found with unclear definitions of head injury. The use of the ICU is associated with higher costs and decreased availability for patients who need it. Oftenly, patients with head injuries require admission to the ICU both before surgery and after surgery. We aim to describe the charachteristic of patients with head injuries who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) and treated in the ICU at Mohamad Hoesin Hospital

Methods: This research was an observational descriptive study. Using secondary data from the medical records of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. Performed in the from July 2019 to December 2019. Samples were all patients diagnosed with head injuries.

Results: There were 177 subjects participated who met study critera, of which 51 subjects were admitted to ICU. ICU-admitted head injured patients were mostly male (78.5%). The largest age distribution is 11-20 year old (33.3%). The most common type of head injuries admitted to ICU according to CT scan was hemorrhagic head injuries (88.9%). The most common type of head injury admitted to ICU according to GCS was severe head injury (51.1%)

Conclusion: Male patients, patients age of 11–20-year-old, severe head injury, and hemorrhagic head injury were the most common characteristic of patients diagnosed with head injuries admitted to ICU at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital
Accuracy of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictor of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang
Authors: M. Aprizal Putera  , Umar Mulawan , Erial Bahar
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common neoplasm occurs in women. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) is widely used in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC) and Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC), to reduce tumor size (down-sizing), and further allowing breast-conserving surgery to be performed. Accurate markers are needed to prevent impractical chemotherapy that allows patients to receive definitive surgery in a timely manner. Previous study showed neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was superior in predicting long-term outcomes over PLR. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the NLR value and neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in patients with locally advanced breast cancer at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang.

Methods: This study is a prognostic test of the NLR accuracy to predict the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. The study included 113 patients as study subjects.

Results: The obtained NLR cut off point value was ≤ 2.92 with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 92.2%. The diagnostic measures of the NLR prognostic test had sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 93%, Positive Predictive Value of 97%, Negative Predictive Value of 82%, and accuracy of 93%. There is a significant relationship between NLR and chemotherapy response in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (p = 0.000).

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between NLTR and chemotherapy response. NLR can be used as a predictor of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response with a good degree of accuracy.
PENGETAHUAN DAN KEPATUHAN KUNJUNGAN ULANG AKSEPTOR KB SUNTIK DMPA PADA ERA COVID-19 DI BPM JB DENPASAR TIMUR
Authors: Noriani,S.Si.T., M.Kes Ni Ketut , Rahayu Ni Wayan Sri
Published: May 2022

Program pelayanan keluarga berencana mempunyai arti penting dalam mewujudkan keluarga yang berkualitas. Keluarga yang berkualitas adalah yang sejahtera, sehat, maju, mandiri, memiliki jumlah anak yang ideal. Kontrasepsi suntik memiliki efektifitas yang tinggi bila penyuntikannya dilakukan secara teratur dan sesuai jadwal yang telah ditentukan.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan tentang kontrasepsi suntik Depo Medroksi Progesteron Acetate, mengetahui tingkat kepatuhan jadwal penyuntikan ulang dan mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan tentang kontrasepsi suntik dengan kepatuhan jadwal penyuntikan ulang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  tingkat kepatuhan responden untuk melakukan kunjungan ulang lebih besar pada kelompok responden dengan penddikan dan pengetahuan yang baik. Semakin tinggi tingkat pengetahuan dan tingkat pendidikan responden menunjukkan semakin tinggi pula tingkat kepatuhan responden terhadap motivasi untuk melakukan kunjungan ulang suntik DMPA.
Kata kunci : Pengetahuan Akseptor KB DMPA, Kepatuhan Kunjungan Ulang
Forecasting the Long-term Monthly Variations of Major Floods
Authors: Lefebvre Mario
Published: May 2022

The monthly variations of major floods are modelled as a discrete-time Markov chain. Based on this stochastic process, it is possible, with the help of real-life data, to forecast the future variations of these events. We are interested in the duration of the floods and in the area affected. By dividing the data set into two equal parts, we can try to determine whether there are signs of the effects of climate change or global warming.
Sicherer Anschluss von 55 Netzwerkteilnehmern
Authors: Brockhagen Frank
Published: May 2022

Die Digitalisierung eröffnet vielfältige Vorteile, bedingt jedoch den Schutz der Daten vor unbefugten Zugriffen. Wie sich dies in einer bestehenden Produktion unter anderem mit „Secure Remote Boxen“ wirkungsvoll umsetzen lässt, zeigt das Beispiel eines Fertigungsbereichs von Phoenix Contact.
Kleine Strukturdämpfer, große Wirkung
Authors: Timmerberg Robert
Published: May 2022

Die Anforderungen des modernen Automobilbaus sind nicht nur hinsichtlich der Produktqualität und Präzision extrem hoch. Gleiches gilt für die Langlebigkeit aller Teile, die für den Bearbeitungsprozess benötigter Komponenten von Bedeutung sind – wie bei Kompaktschiebern in der Blechbearbeitung.
Digitales Schleifwerkzeug: von der Herstellung bis zum Einsatz
Authors: Dzierzawa Patrick , Bergmann Benjamin , Denkena Berend
Published: May 2022

Der Herstellprozess eines Schleifwerkzeugs ist je nach Einsatzzweck sehr unterschiedlich. Lässt sich die komplexe Prozesskette simulieren, so wird es möglich, den gesamten Ablauf wissensbasiert auszulegen. Die Schleifwerkzeuggestaltung wird optimiert, flexibilisiert, effizienter angegangen und an den Schleifprozess angepasst.