bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Switching From Tacrolimus to Cyclosporine A to Prevent Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Recurrence After Living-Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Shiba Hiroaki , Wakiyama Shigeki , Futagawa Yasuro , Gocho Takeshi , Ito Ryusuke , Furukawa Kenei , Ishida Yuichi , Misawa Takeyuki , Yanaga Katsuhiko
Published: May 2013

Recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) after liver transplantation has been shown to negatively affect graft and patient survival. Recently, protective effects of cyclosporine A against PBC recurrence after liver transplantation have been reported. Participants were 4 patients who underwent living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for end-stage liver disease due to PBC. Tacrolimus was used for initial immunosuppression, and this was switched to cyclosporine A at least 3 months after liver transplantation. Targeted trough level of cyclosporine A was 20 times that of tacrolimus. We assessed liver and renal function, as well as antimitochondrial M2 antibody for recipients prior to LDLT, as well as before and after switching immunosuppressive agents. Patients were 1 man and 3 women, and they were ages 45 to 47 years at LDLT. Timing of switching from tacrolimus to cyclosporine A was 13, 3, 7, and 4 months respectively after liver transplantation, and all 4 patients have been on cyclosporine A without adverse effects at 20 to 46 months after transplantation. In 2 of 4 patients who had high titers of antimitochondrial M2 antibody before transplantation, antibody titer did not elevate after LDLT. In the other 2 patients without elevation of antimitochondrial M2 antibody, the titer did not turn positive. Switching from tacrolimus to cyclosporine A was possible without medical problems, and all patients exhibit no recurrence of PBC. Cyclosporine A may be useful for prevention of PBC recurrence after LDLT.
Clinical Analysis of Thyroid Carcinoma Showing Thymus-Like Differentiation: Report of 8 Cases
Authors: Liu Zhen , Teng Xu-Yong , Sun Da-Xin , Xu Wei-Xue , Sun Shao-Long
Published: May 2013

Thyroid carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) is a kind of rare neoplasm of the thyroid gland. Because thyroid CASTLE is rare and difficult to diagnose, its clinicopathologic features have not been well defined, and no universally accepted treatment recommendation is available. We analyzed retrospectively the clinicopathologic data of 8 patients with thyroid CASTLE who underwent surgery and radiotherapy at the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between December 2008 and June 2012. All patients accepted radical surgery. All patients accepted postoperative radiotherapy, except one 79-year-old patient. There was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up period. The pattern of immunohistochemical staining was similar to that of thymic carcinoma. Six of 8 CASTLE cases expressed CD5. All 8 CASTLE patients were negatively expressed in thyroglobulin, thyroid transcription factor 1, and calcitonin. Patients with thyroid CASTLE have good outcomes after radical resection and postoperative radiotherapy. Positive CD5 immunoreactivity can contribute to diagnosis of this disease.
Mesothelin Expression Is a Prognostic Factor in Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nomura Ryohei , Fujii Hiroaki , Abe Masaaki , Sugo Hiroyuki , Ishizaki Yoichi , Kawasaki Seiji , Hino Okio
Published: May 2013

Although mesothelin is highly expressed in epithelial mesotheliomas, and also in adenocarcinomas of the ovary and pancreas, the clinical significance of mesothelin in cholangiocellular carcinoma (CC) has not been reported, and its biologic features are largely unknown. In the present study, mesothelin expression was evaluated in 25 patients with CC using a well-characterized mesothelin monoclonal antibody (5B2). A total of 8 of the 25 patients with CC (32%) showed mesothelin immunoreactivity. The 25 patients were divided into 2 groups according to the percentage of tumor cells that were positive for mesothelin expression: negative (n = 17) or focally positive (mesothelin expression evident in less than 50%, n = 4; total, n = 21 for both groups), and positive (mesothelin expression evident in 50% or more, n = 4). The survival periods in both groups were statistically analyzed. The negative/focally positive group showed significantly longer postoperative survival than the positive group (P = 0.006). Also, mesothelin positivity was identified as an independent predictor of short postoperative survival. The present results suggest that mesothelin expression is a prognostic indicator in patients with CC.
Exercise Improves Cognitive Control: Evidence from the Stop Signal Task
Authors: Padilla Concepcion , Perez Laura , Andres Pilar , Parmentier Fabrice B. R.
Published: May 2013

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise improves executive control. We compared the performance of physically active and passive young participants in two versions of the stop signal task: a strategic (more executive) and a standard version. The results showed that active participants were more efficient than passive at inhibiting a response in the strategic version, suggesting that (1) physical exercise appears positively associated with improved cognitive control in healthy young participants, adding to evidence gathered in children, aging and clinical populations; and that (2) the strategic version of the stop signal task constitutes a more sensitive task than executive tasks previously used. Although the data point out a link between physical activity and executive control, they also have potential practical implications for health authorities and the general public by strengthening the view that exercise, beyond its physical health benefits, also has positive effects on cognitive functioning. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesoporous Calcium Carbonate as a Phase Stabilizer of Amorphous Celecoxib – An Approach to Increase the Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Pharmaceutical Substances
Authors: Forsgren Johan , Andersson Mattias , Nilsson Peter , Mihranyan Albert
Published: May 2013

The bioavailability of crystalline pharmaceutical substances is often limited by their poor aqueous solubility but it can be improved by formulating the active substance in the amorphous state that is featured with a higher apparent solubility. Although the possibility of stabilizing amorphous drugs inside nano‐sized pores of carbon nanotubes and ordered mesoporous silica has been shown, no conventional pharmaceutical excipients have so far been shown to possess this property. This study demonstrates the potential of using CaCO3, a widely used excipient in oral drug formulations, to stabilize the amorphous state of active pharmaceutical ingredients, in particular celecoxib. After incorporation of celecoxib in the vaterite particles, a five to sixfold enhancement in apparent solubility of celecoxib is achieved due to pore‐induced amorphization. To eliminate the possibility of uncontrolled phase transitions, the vaterite particles are stored in an inert atmosphere at 5 °C throughout the study. Also, to demonstrate that the amorphization effect is indeed associated with vaterite mesopores, accelerated stress conditions of 100% relative humidity are employed to impose transition from mesoporous vaterite to an essentially non‐porous aragonite phase of CaCO3, which shows only limited amorphization ability. Further, an improvement in solubility is also confirmed for ketoconazole when formulated with the mesoporous vaterite. Synthesis of the carrier particles and the incorporation of the active substances are carried out simultaneously in a one‐step procedure, enabling easy fabrication. These results represent a promising approach to achieve enhanced bioavailability in new formulations of Type II BCS drugs.
Dendrimers or Nanoparticles as Supports for the Design of Efficient and Recoverable Organocatalysts?
Authors: Keller Michel , Perrier Arnaud , Linhardt Roland , Travers Laurie , Wittmann Sebastian , Caminade Anne‐Marie , Majoral Jean‐Pierre , Reiser Oliver , Ouali Armelle
Published: May 2013

The Jørgensen–Hayashi catalyst [(S)‐α,α‐diphenylprolinol trimethylsilyl ether] was grafted onto the surface of two different supports: phosphorus dendrimers (generations 1 to 3) and magnetic, polymer‐coated cobalt/carbon (Co/C) nanobeads. These new supported catalysts displayed high activities and selectivities in the Michael additions of a wide range of aldehydes to different nitroolefins. Moreover, the dendrimer of the third generation displayed excellent recycling abilities since it could be recovered and reused in 7 consecutive runs without loss of activity.
Deletion 16p13.11 uncovers NDE1 mutations on the non‐deleted homolog and extends the spectrum of severe microcephaly to include fetal brain disruption
Authors: Paciorkowski Alex R. , Keppler‐Noreuil Kim , Robinson Luther , Sullivan Christopher , Sajan Samin , Christian Susan L. , Bukshpun Polina , Gabriel Stacy B. , Gleeson Joseph G. , Sherr Elliott H. , Dobyns William B.
Published: May 2013

Deletions of 16p13.11 have been associated with a variety of phenotypes, and have also been found in normal individuals. We report on two unrelated patients with severe microcephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, scalp rugae, and a fetal brain disruption (FBD)‐like phenotype with inherited deletions of 16p13.11. The first patient was subsequently found on whole exome sequencing to have a nonsense mutation (p.R44X) in NDE1 on the non‐deleted chromosome 16 homolog. We then undertook copy number studies of 16p13.11 and sequencing of NDE1 in nine additional patients with a similar severe microcephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and FBD‐like phenotype. The second patient was found to have an inherited deletion of the entire NDE1 gene combined with a frameshift mutation (c.1020‐1021het_delGA) in the non‐deleted NDE1. These observations broaden the phenotype seen in NDE1‐related microcephaly to include FBD. These data also represent the second described syndrome, after Bernard‐Soulier syndrome, where an autosomal recessive condition combines an inherited segmental duplication mediated deletion with a mutation in a gene within the non‐deleted homolog. Finally, we performed informatics analysis of the 16p13.11 gene content, and found that there are many genes within the region with evidence for role(s) in brain development. Sequencing of other candidate genes in this region in patients with deletion 16p13.11 and more severe neurophenotypes may be warranted. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost of outpatient endoscopic sinus surgery from the perspective of the Canadian government: a time‐driven activity‐based costing approach
Authors: Au Jennifer , Rudmik Luke
Published: May 2013

Background

The time‐driven activity‐based costing (TD‐ABC) method is a novel approach to quantify the costs of a complex system. The aim of this study was to apply the TD‐ABC technique to define the overall cost of a routine outpatient endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) from the perspective of the Canadian government payer.

Methods

Costing perspective was the Canadian government payer. All monetary values are in Canadian dollars as of December 2012. Costs were obtained by contacting staff unions, reviewing purchasing databases and provincial physician fee schedules. Practical capacity time values were collected from the College and Association of Registered Nurses of Alberta. Capacity cost rates ($/min) were calculated for all staff, capital equipment, and hospital space.

Results

The overall cost for routine outpatient ESS was $3510.31. The cost per ESS case for each clinical pathway encounter was as follows: preoperative holding ($49.19); intraoperative ($3296.60); sterilization ($90.20); postanesthesia care unit ($28.64); and postoperative day ward ($45.68). The 3 major cost drivers were physician fees, disposable equipment, and nursing costs. The intraoperative phase contributed to 94.5% of the overall cost.

Conclusion

This study applied the TD‐ABC method to evaluate the cost of outpatient ESS from the perspective of the Canadian government payer and defined the overall cost to be $3510.31 per case.
Biodiversity value of a geographically restricted soft coral species within a temperate estuary
Authors: Poulos Davina E , Harasti David , Gallen Christopher , Booth David J
Published: May 2013

A threatened and uncommon soft coral species, Dendronephthya australis found in large abundance in Port Stephens, within the Port Stephens–Great Lakes Marine Park (PSGLMP), New South Wales, Australia, was hypothesized to be an important habitat for many marine fishes and invertebrates, but is currently under threat from boat anchors, fishing debris entanglement and sand inundation.

Surveys were undertaken to assess the biodiversity associated with the soft coral habitat and its adjacent habitats (sponge, seagrass and unvegetated sand), using a combination of Underwater Visual Census (UVC) and Baited Remote Underwater Video System (BRUVS) techniques.

In total, 77 fish species and 21 invertebrate species utilized the D. australis habitat, and multivariate fish assemblages associated with soft corals were significantly different to those associated with nearby sponges, seagrass and sand habitats. Species richness of fishes and invertebrates were significantly higher in soft coral and sponge habitats than seagrass.

The D. australis habitat was found to be of high importance to juvenile snapper (Pagrus auratus: Sparidae), a species of recreational and commercial fishery importance, which occurred in highest abundance within D. australis, and were significantly smaller in size within the soft coral habitat than the adjacent sponge habitat.

Evidently, this rare soft coral habitat supports an extensive marine assemblage, potentially providing a valuable source of food and shelter for fishes and invertebrates, and given it is threatened by human‐induced impacts, its protection should be a priority.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power‐law link strength distribution in paper cocitation networks
Authors: Zhao Star X. , Ye Fred Y.
Published: May 2013

A network is constructed by nodes and links, thus the node degree and the link strength appear as underlying quantities in network analysis. While the power‐law distribution of node degrees is verified as a basic feature of numerous real networks, we investigate whether the link strengths follow the power‐law distribution in weighted networks. After testing 12 different paper cocitation networks with 2 methods, fitting in double‐log scales and the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test (K‐S test), we observe that, in most cases, the link strengths also follow the approximate power‐law distribution. The results suggest that the power‐law type distribution could emerge not only in nodes and informational entities, but also in links and informational connections.
Intermittent Impulsive Synchronization of Hyperchaos with Application to Secure Communication
Authors: Zhang Hongtao , Liu Xinzhi , Shen Xuemin (Sherman) , Liu Jun
Published: May 2013

In this paper, a hyperchaotic system is presented as the chaotic carrier to encrypt information in secure communication. The sensitivity to the system parameters and delay of the hyperchaotic system, i.e., its chaotic degree indicated by the number of positive Lyapunov exponents, increases with its system parameter and delay, guaranteeing a large enough key space when one selects its system parameter and delay as the secret key. Furthermore, we develop an intermittent impulsive synchronization scheme (IISS) to achieve chaos synchronization, a crucial process in chaos‐based secure communication. In our scheme, impulsive control is only activated in the control windows, not during the whole time, which breaks through the limitation on the upper bound of the impulsive intervals in the general impulsive synchronization scheme (GISS). Specifically, IISS improves the security of the chaos‐based secure communication scheme since the encrypted signal (cipher) is transmitted in the free windows, different from the synchronization signal in the control windows. Finally, a secure communication scheme employing our hyperchaotic system and IISS technique is proposed and numerical results are given to demonstrate the performance of this scheme.
Growth, metabolic activity, and productivity of immobilized and freely suspended CHO cells in perfusion culture
Authors: Hilal‐Alnaqbi Ali , Hu Alan Y. C. , Zhang Zhibing , Al‐Rubeai Mohamed
Published: May 2013

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells producing β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) were successfully cultured on silicone‐based porous microcarriers (ImmobaSil FS) in a 1 L stirred‐tank perfusion bioreactor. We studied the growth, metabolism, and productivity of free and immobilized cells to understand cellular activity in immobilized conditions. CHO cells attached to ImmobaSil FS significantly better than to other microcarriers. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the CHO cells thoroughly colonized the porous surfaces of the ImmobaSil FS, exhibiting a spherical morphology with microvilli that extended to anchorage cells on the silicone surface. In perfusion culture, the concentration of the attached cells reached 8 × 108 cells/mL of carrier, whereas those that remained freely suspended reached 2 × 107 cells/mL medium. The β‐gal concentration reached more than 5 unit/mL in perfusion culture, more than fivefold that of batch culture. The maximum concentration per microcarrier was proportional to the initial cell density. The specific growth rate, the specific β‐gal production rate, the percentage of S phase, and the oxygen uptake rate were all relatively lower for immobilized cells than freely suspended cells in the same bioreactor, indicating that not only do cells survive and grow to a greater extent in a free suspension state, but they are also metabolically more active than viable cells inside the pores of the microcarriers.
A Transdisciplinary Exploratory Model of Corporate Responses to the Challenges of Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Elliot Steve
Published: May 2013

Global surveys of business leaders identify the environment as a major issue of concern, but uncertainties about how to address the challenges of environmental sustainability are cited as a significant inhibitor to business responses. Persistent levels of corporate uncertainty in this domain may be due to the complexity of issues and difficulties in meaningfully capturing this complexity. Calls have been made for new ways to produce knowledge about complex societal challenges, including environmental sustainability.

This paper aims to reduce business uncertainties and to stimulate business and research initiatives. The paper describes a field study of a global corporation's pioneering responses to environmental sustainability. The study highlights academic and practitioner collaboration to generate, transfer and implement new knowledge through an innovative research approach. The outcome is a transdisciplinary, exploratory model, presenting a progression of integrated activities and processes within eight categories of corporate responses. Implications for research and practice are considered. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
ChemInform Abstract: Binary Compounds of Boron and Beryllium: A Rich Structural Arena with Space for Predictions
Authors: Hermann Andreas , Ashcroft N. W. , Hoffmann Roald
Published: May 2013

DFT calculations provide a range of detailed predictions of structures for known stoichiometries at atmospheric pressure, and of some structures at elevated pressures.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Assembly of Borate with Quaternary Ammonium: Crystal Structure and Tunable Luminescent Properties.
Authors: Liang Jie , Wang Yong‐gang , Wang Ying‐xia , Liao Fu‐hui , Lin Jian‐hua
Published: May 2013

The new borate [iPrNHMe3][B5O6(OH)4] is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of isopropyltrimethylammonium hydroxide with H3BO3 (H2O, 135 °C, 10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: A Neutral, Chiral, Bis(imidazolidine)‐Derived NCN‐Type Palladium Pincer Complex with Catalytic Activity.
Authors: Arai Takayoshi , Oka Ikiyo , Morihata Takuma , Awata Atsuko , Masu Hyuma
Published: May 2013

The well‐organized asymmetric reaction sphere of the title complexes is employed to catalyze the asymmetric reaction of nitroalkenes with malononitrile.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Mild Method for the C‐Acylation of Ketone Enolates. A Convenient Synthesis of β‐Keto‐esters, ‐Thionoesters, and ‐Thioesters.
Authors: Hale Karl J. , Grabski Milosz , Flasz Jakub T.
Published: May 2013

A new method for ketone enolate C‐acylation is described which utilizes alkyl pentafluorophenylcarbonates, ‐thiocarbonates, and ‐thionocarbonates as reactive acylating agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Bidentate Hydroxyalkyl NHC Ligands for the Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution of Allyl Phosphates with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Magrez Magaly , Le Guen Yann , Basle Olivier , Crevisy Christophe , Mauduit Marc
Published: May 2013

The reaction proceeds with high regio‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Synthesis of Secondary Arylamines: An Aliphatic‐to‐Aromatic Transformation.
Authors: Barros M. Teresa , Dey Suvendu S. , Maycock Christopher D.
Published: May 2013

This is a facile method for the synthesis of diaryl‐ and monoarylamines from simple, inexpensive starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ar‐BINMOL Ligands by [1,2]‐Wittig Rearrangement to Probe Their Catalytic Activity in 1,2‐Addition Reactions of Aldehydes with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Zheng Long‐Sheng , Jiang Ke‐Zhi , Deng Yuan , Bai Xing‐Feng , Gao Guang , Gu Feng‐Lei , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: May 2013

This publication also contains the syntheses of several Ar‐BINMOL ligands including the one applied in the presented asymmetric Grignard reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Amination of Saturated Nitriles Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation, 1,4‐Addition, and Re‐dehydrogenation.
Authors: Ueno Satoshi , Maeda Ryohei , Yasuoka Shohei , Kuwano Ryoichi
Published: May 2013

Amination at the β‐position of 2‐arylpropionitriles (I) through catalytic dehydrogenation occurs in the presence of a Pd‐catalyst and bromobenzene.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of 3a,6a‐Dihydrofuro[2,3‐b]furans via a Novel Bicyclization.
Authors: Shu Wen‐Ming , Yang Yan , Zhang Dong‐Xue , Wu Liu‐Ming , Zhu Yan‐Ping , Yin Guo‐Dong , Wu An‐Xin
Published: May 2013

This method is also applicable to a one‐pot sequence starting from methyl ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Tandem Chemoselective Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzofurans Using Threefold Arylating Triarylbismuth Reagents.
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Jadhav Deepak N. , Dasgupta Priyabrata
Published: May 2013

This one‐pot tandem process obviates the use of preformed 2‐halobenzofurans to give 2‐arylbenzofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition/Cyclization of Isothiocyanato Oxindoles: Highly Efficient and Versatile Approach for the Synthesis of 3,2′‐Pyrrolidinyl Mono‐ and Bi‐spirooxindole Frameworks.
Authors: Cao Yi‐Ming , Shen Fang‐Fang , Zhang Fu‐Ting , Wang Rui
Published: May 2013

The presented new method provides an easy and highly efficient way to access not only enantioenriched 3,2′‐pyrrolidinyl spirooxindole frameworks but also bi‐spirooxindoles containing three contiguous stereocenters and two spiro‐quaternary centers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Stereochemical Investigation of Highly Functionalized Novel Dispirobisoxindole Derivatives via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Jian Anuj K. , Laxkar Ashok K. , Bhati Dharmendra S.
Published: May 2013

The use of an ionic liquid for this reaction avoids the need for other reagents, e.
ChemInform Abstract: PEG‐SO3H as a Catalyst in Aqueous Media: A Simple, Proficient and Green Approach for the Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Nasseri M. A. , Alavi S. A. , Zakerinasab B.
Published: May 2013

PEG‐6000‐anchored sulfonic acid is used as catalyst for a Friedlaender synthesis under environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan‐2‐ones from 2‐Iodocyclopropanecarboxamides Using a Copper‐Free Sonogashira Coupling.
Authors: de Carne‐Carnavalet Benoit , Archambeau Alexis , Meyer Christophe , Cossy Janine , Folleas Benoit , Brayer Jean‐Louis , Demoute Jean‐Pierre
Published: May 2013

A remarkable efficient synthesis of the title compounds is achieved from readily available cis‐2‐iodocyclopropanecarboxamides and terminal aryl‐, heteroaryl‐alkynes or enynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclizations of Phenylethyl‐Substituted Pyridinecarboxaldehydes.
Authors: Naredla Rajasekhar Reddy , Klumpp Douglas A.
Published: May 2013

This publication describes several acid‐promoted cyclization reactions yielding benzopyridocycloheptane derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(3‐Methyl‐2‐oxoquinoxalin‐1(2H)‐yl)acetamide‐Based Azetidinone Derivatives as Potent Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents.
Authors: Kumar Shiv , Kumar Nitin , Drabu Sushma , Minhaj Md. Akram
Published: May 2013

A variety of new azetidinone derivatives (V) (12 examples) are synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: The Triflic Acid‐Mediated Cyclization of N‐Benzyl‐Cinnamamides.
Authors: King Frank D. , Caddick Stephen
Published: May 2013

Attempts to use the method for the preparation of the eight‐membered nitrogen heterocycles fail.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Lithiation/Retro‐Brook Rearrangement via Direct Deprotonation.
Authors: He Yongping , Hu Haitao , Xie Xingang , She Xuegong
Published: May 2013

The reaction affords various benzyl or vinyl silanes in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐benzoselenazoles by Reaction of Bis(2‐aminophenyl) Diselenides with Aryl Aldehydes Using Sodium Metabisulfite
Authors: Radatz Catia Schwartz , Alves Diego , Schneider Paulo Henrique
Published: May 2013

under both thermal and microwave irradiation conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Metal Chalcogenides: Synthesis, Modification, and Applications in Energy Conversion and Storage Devices
Authors: Gao Min‐Rui , Xu Yun‐Fei , Jiang Jun , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: May 2013

Review: 403 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Generic Principles of Crack‐healing Ceramics
Authors: Greil Peter
Published: May 2013

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Complexes Containing Halogeno‐Bridged Dicopper(I) Unit {Cu2(μ‐X)2} (X: Cl, Br, and I)
Authors: Tsuge Kiyoshi
Published: May 2013

Review: ≈ 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Catalysis over Bimetallic Alloy Nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Xu Qiang
Published: May 2013

Review: 215 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Asymmetric 6π‐Azaelectrocyclization as a New Strategy for Alkaloid Synthesis
Authors: Kobayashi Toyoharu , Sakaguchi Taku , Katsumura Shigeo
Published: May 2013

Review: <50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Organocatalytic Asymmetric Halocyclization
Authors: Murai Kenichi , Fujioka Hiromichi
Published: May 2013

Review: <60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Literature of Heterocyclic Chemistry. Part 11. 2008—2009
Authors: Belen'kii L. I. , Evdokimenkova Yu. B.
Published: May 2013

Review: ca. 900 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis of the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Costentin Cyrille , Robert Marc , Saveant Jean‐Michel
Published: May 2013

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward Functional Nanocomposites: Taking the Best of Nanoparticles, Polymers, and Small Molecules
Authors: Kao Joseph , Thorkelsson Kari , Bai Peter , Rancatore Benjamin J. , Xu Ting
Published: May 2013

Review: 275 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Colloids in Flatland: A Perspective on 2D Phase‐Separated Systems, Characterization Methods, and Lineactant Design
Authors: Bernardini C. , Stoyanov S. D. , Arnaudov L. N. , Cohen Stuart M. A.
Published: May 2013

Review: 155 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Drug Repositioning by Structure‐Based Virtual Screening
Authors: Ma Dik‐Lung , Chan Daniel Shiu‐Hin , Leung Chung‐Hang
Published: May 2013

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From the Bottom up: Dimensional Control and Characterization in Molecular Monolayers
Authors: Claridge Shelley A. , Liao Wei‐Ssu , Thomas John C. , Zhao Yuxi , Cao Huan H. , Cheunkar Sarawut , Serino Andrew C. , Andrews Anne M. , Weiss Paul S.
Published: May 2013

Review: 337 refs.
A decentralized and service‐based solution for data mediation: the case for data providing service compositions
Authors: Sellami Mohamed , Gaaloul Walid , Defude Bruno
Published: May 2013

The last few years have seen an increase in the use of e‐services as a natural consequence of the service‐based economy growth. However, the distributed nature of services can raise several heterogeneity problems that can hamper the widespread adoption of service‐oriented architectures (SOA). In this paper, we are interested in data heterogeneity problems that can occur when using composite services. We propose a service‐based approach for automatically inserting appropriate mediation services in service compositions to resolve structural heterogeneities in their data flow. This mediation is ensured through a special kind of Web services called data mapping Web services. In addition, in order to be in agreement with the distributed nature of the Web, we propose a decentralized solution to publish/discover these services. We demonstrate how our approach applies to the data structural heterogeneity problem in data providing service compositions as a particular data heterogeneity case. Provided experimental results show that our approach is efficient in realistic situations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive divergence in body size overrides the effects of plasticity across natural habitats in the brown trout
Authors: Rogell Björn , Dannewitz Johan , Palm Stefan , Dahl Jonas , Petersson Erik , Laurila Anssi
Published: May 2013

The evolution of life‐history traits is characterized by trade‐offs between different selection pressures, as well as plasticity across environmental conditions. Yet, studies on local adaptation are often performed under artificial conditions, leaving two issues unexplored: (i) how consistent are laboratory inferred local adaptations under natural conditions and (ii) how much phenotypic variation is attributed to phenotypic plasticity and to adaptive evolution, respectively, across environmental conditions? We reared fish from six locally adapted (domesticated and wild) populations of anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta) in one semi‐natural and three natural streams and recorded a key life‐history trait (body size at the end of first growth season). We found that population‐specific reaction norms were close to parallel across different streams andQSTwas similar – and larger thanFST– within all streams, indicating a consistency of local adaptation in body size across natural environments. The amount of variation explained by population origin exceeded the variation across stream environments, indicating that genetic effects derived from adaptive processes have a stronger effect on phenotypic variation than plasticity induced by environmental conditions. These results suggest that plasticity does not “swamp” the phenotypic variation, and that selection may thus be efficient in generating genetic change.
Flexibility and constraints in the molt schedule of long‐distance migratory shorebirds: causes and consequences
Authors: Barshep Yahkat , Minton Clive D. T. , Underhill Les G. , Erni Birgit , Tomkovich Pavel
Published: May 2013

Molt is a major component of the annual cycle of birds, the timing and extent of which can affect body condition, survival, and future reproductive success through carry‐over effects. The way in which molt is fitted into the annual cycle seems to be a somewhat neglected area which is both of interest and of importance. Study of the causes of annual variation in the timing of molt and its potential consequence in long‐distance migratory birds was examined using the Curlew Sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea, as a model species. Using the maximum likelihood molt models of Underhill and Zucchini (1988, Ibis 130:358–372), the relationship between annual variability in the start dates of molt at the population level with conditions on the breeding area was explored. Adult males typically started early in years when temperature in June on the Arctic breeding grounds were high compared to cold years while adult females molted later in years of high breeding success and/or warm July temperature and vice versa. When molt started later, the duration was often shorter, indicating that late completion of molt might have fitness consequences, probably jeopardizing survival. Evidence of this was seen in the low body condition of birds in years when molt was completed late. The results indicate that these migratory shorebirds follow a fine‐tuned annual life cycle, and disturbances at a certain stage can alter next biological events through carry‐over effects.
Coordination of Pentacyclohexanocucurbit[5]uril with Alkali Metal Ions and Supramolecular Self‐Assembly in the Absence and Presence of Inorganic Anions
Authors: Hu Jing‐Xu , Hu Ying‐Feng , Xiao Xin , Zhang Yun‐Qian , Tao Zhu , Xue Sai‐Feng , Liu Jing‐Xin , Zhu Qian‐Jiang
Published: May 2013

The coordination of pentacyclohexanocucurbit[5]uril (PCyHQ[5]) to alkali metal cations and the formation of supramolecular assemblies in the absence and presence of [CdCl4]2– or [ZnCl4]2– anions as inorganic structure inducers have been investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Studies of the crystal structures have revealed that the [CdCl4]2– or [ZnCl4]2– anions do not form honeycomb structures owing to the presence of alkyl substituents on the surface of the outer walls of PCyHQ[5], which can seriously perturb the interaction of the anions with the outer walls. Moreover, in the presence of [ZnCl4]2– anions, the formation of a new Rb‐PCyHQ[5]‐based 2D six‐membered “bracelet” network suggests that larger ions such as Ba2+ and even Ra2+ could form this new type of supramolecular assembly.
Synthesis of 6H‐Isoindolo[2,1‐a]indol‐6‐ones Through Wittig Reaction and Tandem Reductive Cyclization–Lactamization
Authors: Kadam Hari K. , Tilve Santosh G.
Published: May 2013

A convenient and efficient two‐step route to 6H‐Isoindolo[2,1‐a]indol‐6‐ones has been developed starting from o‐nitrobenzaldehydes. The methodology involves Wittig reaction followed by tandem reductive cyclization–lactamization. A series of isoindoloindolones incorporating different substituents on the indole nucleus has been prepared.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Myrtucommulone A
Authors: Charpentier Maël , Hans Marcus , Jauch Johann
Published: May 2013

Myrtucommulone A (1), which was isolated from myrtle and other species of the myrtaceae family, was synthesized through an enantioselective Michael addition of isobutyryl phloroglucinol (5) to isobutylidene syncarpic acid (4) that was induced by a chiral Al–Li–BINOL (1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol) complex [(S,S)‐ALB]. Because there is significant steric crowding in Michael acceptor 4, myrtucommulone A (1) was obtained with an ee value of 70 % along with meso‐1 in 77 % chemical yield.
A Concise and Efficient Total Synthesis of Oleocanthal
Authors: Valli Matteo , Peviani Elena Giulia , Porta Alessio , D'Alfonso Alessandro , Zanoni Giuseppe , Vidari Giovanni
Published: May 2013

Oleocanthal, one of the minor components of the phenolic fraction isolated from extra virgin olive oil, is an effective inhibitor of COX enzymes, possessing similar potency to the NSAID ibuprofen. Moreover, it has the capacity to alter the structure of neurotoxic Aβ‐amyloid oligomers (ADDLs) and to change the structure of deformed microtubule‐associated tau–protein, thus inhibiting the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. It can have, therefore, potential therapeutic use for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper we describe the total synthesis of (±)‐oleocanthal in just 8 steps (9 % overall yield) from easily available starting materials. Moreover, resolution of the racemic mixture on an HPLC chiral column provided both enantiomers of oleocanthal in a single operation for biological studies.
1,2‐Asymmetric Induction in Diastereo­selective Zwitterionic Aza‐Claisen Rearrangements: Key Steps in Optically Active Alkaloid Synthesis
Authors: Heescher Carolin , Schollmeyer Dieter , Nubbemeyer Udo
Published: May 2013

The zwitterionic aza‐Claisen rearrangement of optically active N‐allylpyrrolidines and α‐phenoxyacetyl fluorides proceeds with complete simple diastereoselectivity (internal asymmetric induction) and complete 1,2‐asymmetric induction to generate a new C–C bond adjacent to a chiral C‐N‐Boc functionality. The resulting γ,δ‐unsaturated amides were cyclised to give the corresponding pyrrolizidinones, which enabled the determination of the relative configuration of the stereotriads. Vinyl group degradation and a final lactam reduction gave an optically active analogue of (+)‐petasinine (a pyrrolizidine alkaloid). Furthermore, the stereotriad‐containing amides should be useful key intermediates for the total synthesis of optically active elaeocarpin (an indolizidine alkaloid).
Blind modal identification of output‐only structures in time‐domain based on complexity pursuit
Authors: Yang Yongchao , Nagarajaiah Satish
Published: May 2013

Output‐only modal identification is needed when only structural responses are available. As a powerful unsupervised learning algorithm, blind source separation (BSS) technique is able to recover the hidden sources and the unknown mixing process using only the observed mixtures. This paper proposes a new time‐domain output‐only modal identification method based on a novel BSS learning algorithm, complexity pursuit (CP). The proposed concept—independent ‘physical systems’ living on the modal coordinates—connects the targeted constituent sources (and their mixing process) targeted by the CP learning rule and the modal responses (and the mode matrix), which can then be directly extracted by the CP algorithm from the measured free or ambient system responses. Numerical simulation results show that the CP method realizes accurate and robust modal identification even in the closely spaced mode and the highly damped mode cases subject to non‐stationary ambient excitation and provides excellent approximation to the non‐diagonalizable highly damped (complex) modes. Experimental and real‐world seismic‐excited structure examples are also presented to demonstrate its capability of blindly extracting modal information from system responses. The proposed CP is shown to yield clear physical interpretation in modal identification; it is computational efficient, user‐friendly, and automatic, requiring little expertise interactions for implementations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human ezrin-moesin-radixin proteins modulate hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Bukong Terence N. , Kodys Karen , Szabo Gyongyi
Published: May 2013

Host cytoskeletal proteins of the ezrin-moesin-radixin (EMR) family have been shown to modulate single-stranded RNA virus infection through regulating stable microtubule formation. Antibody engagement of CD81, a key receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry, induces ezrin phosphorylation. Here we tested the role of EMR proteins in regulating HCV infection and explored potential therapeutic targets. We show that HCV E2 protein induces rapid ezrin phosphorylation and its cellular redistribution with F-actin by way of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). Therapeutically blocking the functional roles of SYK or F-actin reorganization significantly reduced Huh7.5 cell susceptibility to HCV J6/JFH-1 infection. Using gene regulation, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and fluorescent microscopy analysis, we found that proteins of the EMR family differentially regulate HCV infection in the J6/JFH-1/Huh7.5 cell system. Moesin and radixin, but not ezrin, expression were significantly decreased in chronic HCV J6/JFH-1-infected Huh7.5 cells and HCV-infected patient liver biopsies compared to controls. The decreases in moesin and radixin in HCV J6/JFH-1-infected Huh7.5 cells were associated with a significant increase in stable microtubules. Ezrin knockdown inhibited immediate postentry events in HCV infection. Overexpression of moesin or radixin significantly reduced HCV protein expression. In contrast, transient knockdown of moesin or radixin augmented HCV infection. Making use of the Con1 HCV replicon system, we tested the effect of EMR proteins on HCV replication. We found that transient knockdown of moesin increased HCV RNA expression while overexpression of EMR showed no significant effect on HCV replication.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrate the important role of EMR proteins during HCV infection at the postentry level and highlight possible novel targets for HCV treatment. (Hepatology 2013;58:1569–1579)
Extrahepatic Anomalies in Infants With Biliary Atresia: Results of a Large Prospective North American Multicenter Study
Authors: Schwarz Kathleen B. , Haber Barbara H. , Rosenthal Philip , Mack Cara L. , Moore Jeffrey , Bove Kevin , Bezerra Jorge A. , Karpen Saul J. , Kerkar Nanda , Shneider Benjamin L. , Turmelle Yumirle P. , Whitington Peter F. , Molleston Jean P. , Murray Karen F. , Ng Vicky L. , Romero René , Wang Kasper S. , Sokol Ronald J. , Magee John C.
Published: May 2013

The etiology of biliary atresia (BA) is unknown. Given that patterns of anomalies might provide etiopathogenetic clues, we used data from the North American Childhood Liver Disease Research and Education Network to analyze patterns of anomalies in infants with BA. In all, 289 infants who were enrolled in the prospective database prior to surgery at any of 15 participating centers were evaluated. Group 1 was nonsyndromic, isolated BA (without major malformations) (n = 242, 84%), Group 2 was BA and at least one malformation considered major as defined by the National Birth Defects Prevention Study but without laterality defects (n = 17, 6%). Group 3 was syndromic, with laterality defects (n = 30, 10%). In the population as a whole, anomalies (either major or minor) were most prevalent in the cardiovascular (16%) and gastrointestinal (14%) systems. Group 3 patients accounted for the majority of subjects with cardiac, gastrointestinal, and splenic anomalies. Group 2 subjects also frequently displayed cardiovascular (71%) and gastrointestinal (24%) anomalies; interestingly, this group had genitourinary anomalies more frequently (47%) compared to Group 3 subjects (10%).

Conclusion:

This study identified a group of BA (Group 2) that differed from the classical syndromic and nonsyndromic groups and that was defined by multiple malformations without laterality defects. Careful phenotyping of the patterns of anomalies may be critical to the interpretation of both genetic and environmental risk factors associated with BA, allowing new insight into pathogenesis and/or outcome. (Hepatology 2013;58:1724–1731)
Epigenetic regulation of MicroRNA-122 by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma and hepatitis b virus X protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Song Kyoungsub , Han Chang , Zhang Jinqiang , Lu Dongdong , Dash Srikanta , Feitelson Mark , Lim Kyu , Wu Tong
Published: May 2013

MicroRNA-122 (miR-122), a pivotal liver-specific miRNA, has been implicated in several liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatitis C and B viral infection. This study aimed to explore epigenetic regulation of miR-122 in human HCC cells and to examine the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). We performed microRNA microarray analysis and identified miR-122 as the most up-regulated miRNA (6-fold) in human HCC cells treated with 5′aza-2′deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR, DNA methylation inhibitor) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA, histone deacetylation inhibitor). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis verified significant up-regulation of miR-122 by 5′aza and PBA in HCC cells, and to a lesser extent in primary hepatocytes. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) complex was found to be associated with the DR1 and DR2 consensus site in the miR-122 gene promoter which enhanced miR-122 gene transcription. 5-Aza-CdR and PBA treatment increased the association of PPARγ/RXRα, but decreased the association of its corepressors (N-CoR and SMRT), with the miR-122 DR1 and DR2 motifs. The aforementioned DNA-protein complex also contains SUV39H1, an H3K9 histone methyl transferase, which down-regulates miR-122 expression.

Conclusions:

These findings establish a novel role of the PPARγ binding complex for epigenetic regulation of miR-122 in human HCC cells. Moreover, we show that hepatitis B virus X protein binds PPARγ and inhibits the transcription of miR-122, whereas hepatitis C viral particles exhibited no significant effect; these findings provide mechanistic insight into reduction of miR-122 in patients with HBV but not with HCV infection. (Hepatology 2013;58:1681–1692)
Evaluating progression of liver disease from repeat liver biopsies in children with chronic hepatitis C: A retrospective study
Authors: Mohan Parvathi , Barton Bruce A. , Narkewicz Michael R. , Molleston Jean P. , Gonzalez-Peralta Regino P. , Rosenthal Philip , Murray Karen F. , Haber Barbara , Schwarz Kathleen B. , Goodman Zachary D.
Published: May 2013

Clinical and histologic progression of liver disease in untreated children with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is poorly documented. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize changes in liver histology over time in a cohort of HCV-infected children who had more than one liver biopsy separated by over 1 year. Forty-four untreated children without concurrent liver diseases, who had repeat liver biopsies at eight U.S.-based medical centers, were included. Biopsies were scored by a single pathologist for inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis and were correlated with demographic data including age at biopsy, time from infection to biopsies, and laboratory values such as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Mode of transmission was vertical in 25 (57%) and from transfusions in 17 children (39%). Genotype 1 was present in 30/35 (84%) children. The mean age at first and final biopsy was 8.6 and 14.5 years, respectively, and the mean interval between biopsies was 5.8 ± 3.5 years. Duration of infection to biopsy was 7.7 and 13.5 years, respectively. Laboratory values did not change significantly between the biopsies. Inflammation was minimal in about 50% at both timepoints. Fibrosis was absent in 16% in both biopsies, limited to portal/periportal in 73% in the first biopsy, and 64% in the final biopsy. Between the two biopsies, the proportion of patients with bridging fibrosis/cirrhosis increased from 11% to 20% (

P

= 0.005).

Conclusion:

Although in aggregate this cohort did not show significant histologic progression of liver disease over 5 years, 29.5% (n = 13) of children showed an increase in severity of fibrosis. These findings may have long-term implications for the timing of follow-up biopsies and treatment decisions. (Hepatology 2013;58:1580–1586)