bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence de la hauteur et du rythme de coupe sur la survie et la production fourragère de Cajanus cajan CIAT 18700
Authors: Bodji N.C.
Published: June 2021

Trois niveaux de coupe (50, 75 et 100 cm du sol) et l'exploitation des repousses à 4, 8 et 12 semaines d'âge en saison des pluies, ainsi qu'à 6 et 12 semaines en saison sèche, ont été testés sur une culture de Cajanus cajan. Cette expérimentation a permis de prouver l'influence de la hauteur de coupe et du rythme d'exploitation sur la biomasse foliaire de cette espèce ligneuse d'une part et sur la survie de la culture d'autre part. En saison des pluies, les rendements en matière sèche obtenus avec l'exploitation des repousses à 75 et 100 cm du sol étaient équivalents (p > 0,05). Toutefois, ils étaient supérieurs à ceux enregistrés avec la coupe à 50 cm (p < 0,05). En outre, la quantité de matière sèche des repousses de 8 semaines était plus élevée que celle à 4 et 12 semaines (p < 0,001) : l'estimation du rendement des repousses de 12 semaines a coïncidé avec le développement des organes de reproduction (fleurs et fruits) de la plante qui s'est accompagné d'une importante chute de feuilles. En saison sèche, le maximum de rendement en matière sèche a été obtenu à 12 semaines pour la coupe à hauteur de 100 cm du sol (en moyenne 400 kg.ha-1). Cette valeur était nettement inférieure à celle de la saison des pluies (3,5 t.ha-1). Par ailleurs, l'exploitation de Cajanus cajan à hauteur de 50 cm du sol a entraîné une mortalité élevée (25 %). Une bonne survie de la culture de Cajanus cajan CIAT 18 700 a été constatée lorsque la coupe était faite à 75 ou 100 cm (respectivement 4 et 9 % de plants morts seulement).
Mortalité et performances de reproduction chez le zébu Azaouak à la station de Toukounous, Niger (1986-1992)
Authors: Achard François , Chanono Mogueza
Published: June 2021

La mortalité et les performances de reproduction de zébus Azaouak ont été étudiées à partir des archives de la station de Toukounous au Niger. La mortalité a été relevée sur l'ensemble des animaux au cours des années 1986 à 1992. Les performances de reproduction ont été établies à partir de la carrière des 296 vaches présentes au 15 mai 1993, et nées entre 1976 et 1992. Le taux de mortalité globale moyen était de 4,9 %. Le taux de mortalité des jeunes de moins de 12 mois était de 8,5 %. Les vêlages étaient répartis régulièrement tout au long de l'année. L'âge moyen au premier vêlage (A1V) des génisses nées au cours de la période 1981-1990 a diminué de 1 354 + ou - 37 à 1 020 + ou - 30 jours, avec une moyenne de 1 108 + ou - 125,1 jours. L'intervalle moyen entre les vêlages (IV) des vaches nées de 1981 à 1988 a décru de 432 + ou - 33 à 362 + ou - 67 jours, avec une moyenne de 424,4 + ou - 87,9 jours. Le mois, l'année de naissance et le poids à 18 mois avaient un effet significatif (P < 0,0001) sur l'A1V, alors que seul le rang de vêlage avait un effet significatif sur l'IV (P < 0,0001). Le taux de fécondité s'est élevé, en moyenne, à 78 % pour la période 1987 à 1992. L'amélioration des paramètres de reproduction a eu lieu à partir de 1986, c'est-à-dire au moment où la modification du système d'élevage, initiée au moment de la sécheresse de 1984, en particulier la diminution de la charge sur le pâturage, a commencé à porter ses fruits.
Utilisation et mauvais usage de nématocides dans la région d'lbadan au Nigeria : conséquences du mauvais usage sur l'efficacité thérapeutique chez les petits ruminants; une enquête
Authors: Obemeasor R.E. , Eghianruwa K. , Akintola A.A.
Published: June 2021

Une enquête a été menée pour déterminer quels étaient les nématocides couramment utilisés chez les petits ruminants et évaluer leur mode d'utilisation par rapport à d'autres pratiques d'élevage. Huit nématocides étaient communément employés. Chez 54 % des personnes interrogées les dosages étaient déterminés par une estimation visuelle du poids des animaux. De plus, 87,5 % des éleveurs et des pourcentages divers d'autres professionnels associés à la production animale ne savaient pas qu'il y avait une épidémiologie d'helminthes, et 33 % se fiaient uniquement aux manifestations cliniques comme signaux pour utiliser des nématocides. Les intervalles entre les traitements variaient de 2 à 6 mois. Le mauvais usage de nématocides provenait parfois de dosages incorrects et de traitements inutiles. Les animaux étaient traités inutilement par manque de connaissance de l'épidémiologie d'helminthes, ou à cause de mauvaises pratiques de gestion ou d'une dépendance de diagnostics aléatoires comme indicateurs de traitements.
Effets de la difluorométhylornithine après administration intraveineuse et son association avec de l'acéturate de diminazène contre Trypanosoma bruceichez des chiens infectés expérimentalement au Nigeria
Authors: Anene B.M. , Anika S.M. , Chukwu C.C.
Published: June 2021

De la difluorométhylornithine (DFMO, eflornithine) a été donnée par voie intraveineuse (lV) à des chiens infectés expérimentalement par Trypanosoma brucei. Une posologie de 400 g/kg/jour répartie en trois doses quotidiennes pendant 7 jours pour les primo-infections ou 21 jours lors de rechutes ne s'est pas révélée curative. Le traitement des primo-infections aussi bien que de leurs récidives s'est caractérisé par un déclenchement lent de l'action (le coefficient d'épuration parasitaire a été atteint après 4 à 5 jours de traitement) et de courtes périodes sans parasitémie (6 jours). L'administration simultanée de DFMO et d'une seule dose de Berenil (7 mg/kg) pour les primo-infections a permis d'obtenir des résultats chimiothérapeutiques plus importants que ceux de la monothérapie car elle n'a pas été suivie de rechute. L'administration orale de DFMO a provoqué, dans les quatre jours qui ont suivi, une perte d'appétit, des vomissements, une diarrhée abondante et une déshydratation avancée. Ces inconvénients importants font de la voie IV une véritable alternative à celle de la thérapeutique orale.
Les dominantes du parasitisme helminthique chez les bovins, ovins et caprins en Guinée maritime, République de Guinée
Authors: Ankers Philippe , Fofana S. , Biaye A.
Published: June 2021

L'inventaire, la charge et la dynamique saisonnière des populations de nématodes gastrointestinaux chez le bétail en Guinée maritime ont été étudiés par autopsie helminthologique et par coprologie. Quatre-vingt-dix-huit pour cent des bovins et 99 %  des petits ruminants autopsiés étaient infestés. Haemonchus sp. et Cooperia spp. constituaient l'essentiel chez les bovins. Chez le mouton, Trichostrongylus colubriformis-, Cooperia spp. et Haemonchus sp. constituaient l'essentiel. Chez la chèvre, T. colubriformis et Haemonchus sp. constituaient avec Oesophagostomum sp. les principales populations de nématodes. Quarante-deux pour cent des 200 échantillons de fèces de jeunes veaux contenaient des oeufs de Toxocaravitulorum et 46 % des oeufs de Strongyloides sp. L'absence de douves du foie, de schistosomes et la faible prévalence des populations de larves intramuqueuses ont été notées. Ces résultats et les charges parasitaires rencontrées démontrent l'importance des nématodoses en tant que contraintes à une meilleure productivité du bétail dans la zone d'étude. Un calendrier de vermifugation basé sur ces résultats est proposé en conclusion.
Incidence d’helminthoses chez le buffle d’eau en Amazonie orientale, Brésil
Authors: Láu Hugo Didonet
Published: June 2021

L'incidence des nématodes gastro-intestinaux a été étudiée sur trois groupes de veaux buffles d'eau (A, B, C) par le comptage des oeufs par gramme de fèces (OPG), par l'examen post-mortem et par l'identification des larves infestantes (L3) dans le pâturage. Les groupes A, B, et C pâturaient respectivement sur un pâturage cultivé près de Belém, sur un parcours naturel de savane dans l'île de Marajó, et sur un parcours naturel de savane inondable de la Basse-Amazone. Strongyloides papillosus et Toxocara vitulorum étaient les nématodes le plus fréquemment rencontrés chez les veaux buffles non sevrés. Les nématodes rencontrés le plus fréquemment sur les veaux sevrés étaient Cooperia punctata and Haemonchus contortus.
Réactualisation des données sur la répartition des glossines au Mali
Authors: Djiteye A. , Moloo S.K. , Foua Bi K. , Touré M. , Boiré S. , Bengaly S. , Coulibaly E. , Diarra Maryam , Traoré D. , Ouattara Ibrahim , Coulibaly Z.
Published: June 2021

L'aire de répartition des glossines au Mali couvre environ 200 000 km2 au sud du parallèle 14 30' N et à l'ouest du méridien 4 30' O. Quatre espèces ont été signalées : deux riveraines (Glossina palpalis gambiensis et G. tachinoides) et deux de savane (G. morsitans submorsitans et G. longipalpis). G. morsitans submorsitans était répartie de manière plus ou moins continue le long des frontières avec la Côte d'Ivoire, la Guinée et le Sénégal jusqu'à la limite nord du parc national de la Boucle du Baoulé. A l'est de Bamako, la densité des populations était faible, apparemment discontinue dans les zones forestières. G. palpalis gambiensis était localisée le long de la rivière Bani, du fleuve Niger et de ses affluents, et des affluents du fleuve Sénégal (Baoulé, Bafing et Bagoé). G. tachinoides était répandue le long de la plupart des rivières et des grands cours d'eau de la partie sud-est du pays. Les prospections récentes n'ont pas revélé la présence de G. longipalpis au Mali. Après plusieurs années de sécheresse et/ou un défrichement intensif, une diminution relativement importante de l'aire de répartition des glossines dans le pays a été constatée.
Variations saisonnières de la densité apparente et du taux d'infection par Trypanosoma spp. de Glossina palpalis gambiensis (Vanderplank, 1949) en zone soudanienne au Mali
Authors: Djiteye A. , Moloo S.K. , Foua Bi K. , Coulibaly E. , Diarra Maryam , Ouattara Ibrahim , Traoré D. , Coulibaly Z. , Diarra A.
Published: June 2021

Glossina palpalis gambiensis infeste les forêts ripicoles et les galeries forestières du fleuve Niger et ses affluents dans la zone agropastorale de Baguinéda-Tienfala. L'incidence de la trypanosomose (liée à la densité apparente de cette sous-espèce et à son infection trypanosomienne) variait en fonction de la saison et du gîte. En effet, au niveau du gîte de Tienfala (rive gauche du fleuve), la densité la plus élevée (21,70 glossines/piège/jour) a été observée en fin de saison des pluies, et la plus faible (5,23) en saison sèche chaude. La sex-ratio était en général en faveur des femelles (60,74 %). Au niveau du gîte de Baguinéda (rive droite), la densité la plus élevée (8,70) a été trouvée en saison sèche froide, et la plus faible (2,91) en fin de saison des pluies. La sex-ratio était en général en faveur des mâles (57,81 %). L'infection trypanosomienne était plus élevée en fin qu'en début de saison des pluies et les taux observés variaient respectivement entre 6,66 et 10,68 % contre 0,48 et 1,48 %. Déterminées d'après leur localisation chez G. palpalis gambiensis, les infections étaient dues aux sous-genres Duttonella (Trypanosoma vivax : 80 %), Nannomonas (T. congolense : 4%), Megatrypanum (T. grayi : 2 %) et à des stades immatures localisés dans l'intestin moyen uniquement (14 %).
Planifier un échantillonnage pour une étude régionale de la végétation
Authors: Daget Philippe , Poissonet Jacques , Toutain Bernard
Published: June 2021

L'échantillonnage de qualité, nécessaire à une bonne étude des relations entre les espèces et les conditions de milieu, est obtenu par une stratification. Dans ce cadre, un échantillonnage est optimal au sens de Neyman (ou N-optimal) lorsque toutes les strates ont le même effectif. Pour l'obtenir, un algorithme ainsi que les relations et les seuils qui permettent d'évaluer la qualité de cet échantillonnage sont proposés. Un exemple de cas réel provenant du Burkina Faso est présenté.
Etude de la filière viande de chèvre au Zimbabwe
Authors: Gauthier Jérôme , Pradier A. , Lecroisey F. , Shumba C.
Published: June 2021

Cet article présente une étude du secteur caprin au Zimbabwe, et plus particulièrement dans la province de Masvingo, basée sur l'utilisation du concept de filière comme outil d'analyse. Après une brève justification du choix analytique et une présentation des outils méthodologiques retenus, deux représentations de la filière sont proposées. Le deuxième modèle, plus puissant, est ensuite commenté au vu des données comptables. En conclusion, ce type d'analyse permet d'identifier des interlocuteurs privilégiés pour la mise en place d'actions de développement visant au renforcement des circuits de commercialisation de la viande de chèvre et à l'amélioration des revenus des petits producteurs.
Enquête sur la qualité microbiologique des viandes commercialisées à Conakry, République de Guinée
Authors: Niamy V. , Keita S.M. , Guilloteau B.
Published: June 2021

Entre 1992 et 1996, des échantillons de viande ont été prélevés sur les marchés, dans les boucheries et supermarchés de Conakry, pour contrôler la qualité microbiologique des produits proposés aux consommateurs. Si l'on se réfère aux normes européennes, 99 % des échantillons prélevés dans la filière de vente traditionnelle devraient être rejetés pour cause de contamination élevée par la flore aérobie et par les germes anaérobies sulfito-réducteurs. Dans les étalages des supermarchés, seuls 17,4 % des échantillons des portions unitaires de viande et 4 % des viandes hachées satisfaisaient aux critères bactériologiques. L'amélioration de cette situation passe obligatoirement par un perfectionnement des conditions d'hygiène d'abattage et de transport des viandes jusqu'au détaillant.
Polymorphisme des protéines sanguines chez l'âne (Equus asinus) au Maroc
Authors: Ouragh Lahoussine , Ouassat M. , Machmoum M.
Published: June 2021

Les systèmes albumine (ALB), composante Gc (GC), post-albumine (A1B) et transferrine (TF) ont été étudiés chez 170 ânes marocains par la technique d'électrophorèse en gel de polyacrylamide (PAGE). Deux variants, déjà décrits dans la littérature, ont été observés dans les systèmes ALB et GC. Deux nouveaux variants du système A1B, désignés A1B-A et A1B-D* ont été observés. Un variant additionnel du système TF, désigné TF-A*, a également été observé. Les variants A1B-A et A1B-D* migraient plus vite par rapport au variant A1B-D, le variant A1B-A étant plus rapide que le variant A1B-D*. Quant au variant TF-A*, il migrait plus rapidement que le variant TF-A.
Test in vitro de la sensibilité des agents du farcin à différents agents antimicrobiens
Authors: Hamid M.E. , Goodfellow M.
Published: June 2021

Trente-cinq agents antimicrobiens différents ont été testés in vitro sur 42 souches de Mycobacterium farcinogenes, 13 de Mycobacterium senegalense et 17 de Nocardia farcinica sur un milieu solide avec extrait de levure glucosé. La plupart des souches étaient sensibles à l'amikacine (2 g/ml), à la doxycycline (8 g/ml), à l'érythromycine (64 g/ml), au sulfate de lividomycine (16 g/ml), à la minocycline (8 g/ml), à l'acide nalidixique (64 g/ml), au phosphate d'oléandomycine (64 g/ml), à l'oxytétracycline (64 g/ml), à la rifampicine (64 g/ml), au sulfate de streptomycine (64 g/ml) et à la vancomycine (64 g/ml). Une nette résistance aux médicaments antituberculeux a été observée dans la plupart des souches testées, bien que M. senegalense et N. farcinica aient montré beaucoup plus de résistance que M. farcinogenes. Les différentes réponses des médicaments aux agents antimicrobiens se sont avérées utiles pour différencier M. farcinogenes et M. Senegalense, ainsi que ces deux derniers et N. farcinica. Ceci pourrait avoir des conséquences thérapeutiques significatives dans le traitement du farcin.
Causes de mortalité des petits ruminants sur le plateau du Sankaran-Guinée en 1992-1993
Authors: Mourad M. , Baldé I.B.
Published: June 2021

Cette étude a eu pour objet d'identifier les principales causes de mortalité de 83 ovins et 124 caprins enregistrées sur le plateau du Sankaran, Faranah-Guinée, en 1992-1993. Les mortalités les plus fortes, 43,8 et 39,1 %, ont été observées respectivement chez les agneaux et les chevreaux de 3 à 120 jours. Les pertes les plus nombreuses pendant la saison humide et la saison sèche froide étaient associées aux effets inanition-poids léger à la naissance-mauvaise gestion. Les parasites internes et externes constituaient une cause importante de la mortalité chez les jeunes après sevrage et cela durant toute l'année. L'absence de soins suffisants était également à l'origine de cas de mortalité.
Metamorfik Hormonlar, Oluşumları ve Böcek Başkalaşımındaki Rolleri
Authors: KESKİN Neşe , TURANLI Ferit
Published: June 2021

İki metamorfik hormon (juvenil hormon (JH) ve 20 hidroksiekdizon (20E)) başkalaşımda görevlidir. Bu iki hormon dışında krüppel homolog 1, broad compleks (Br-c), E93 genleri ile methoprene tolerant (met) juvenil hormon reseptörü olarak başkalaşımda rol almaktadır. Ekdizon diğer adıyla metamorfoz hormonu, protorasik bezden salgılandıktan sonra epidermis, orta barsak, malpigi tüpleri gibi periferal dokularda oksitlenerek 20 hidroksiekdizon’a dönüştürülür. 20 hidroksiekdizon, yumurtadan ergine kadar tüm biyolojik dönem geçişlerini tetiklerken, corpora allatadan (ca) salgılanan juvenil hormon başkalaşımı yavaşlatmaktadır. Juvenil hormonun başkalaşımı önleyen etkisi krüppel homolog1 (Kr-h1) geninin aracılığıyla gerçekleşmektedir. Hemimetabol böceklerde sondan bir önceki nimf döneminde krüppel homolog1 miktarının azalması prematüre ergin gelişimine neden olurken, holometabol böceklerde ise prematüre pupa oluşumuna neden olmaktadır. Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) ve R. prolixus türlerinin son dönem nimflerinde krüppel homolog1 miktarının azalıp, E93 miktarının artmasıyla nimf döneminden ergine geçişin gerçekleştiği kaydedilmiştir. E93, etkisi Kr-h1 tarafından engellenen hipostatik bir gendir. Ayrıca E93 geninin Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophiliidae) ’de otofaji ve programlı hücre ölümünde etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Metamorfik bir gen olan broad compleks (Br-c), hemimetabol türlerde imaginal disklerin oluşumu, holometabol türlerde ise pupal gelişim için gereklidir.
Variedades de processos de difusão digital colaborativa
Authors: Peschanski João Alexandre
Published: June 2021

GLAM-Wikis são iniciativas de difusão digital colaborativa de acervos e de conhecimentos sob a guarda de instituições culturais, por meio dos projetos Wikimedia. Neste artigo, são descritos e analisados os contextos, processos e impactos de três dessas iniciativas realizadas no Brasil, entre 2016 e 2019: as do Museu de Anatomia Veterinária e do Museu Paulista, instituições culturais da Universidade de São Paulo, e a do Arquivo Nacional. Durante esse período, foram quase 35 mil imagens transferidas para o repositório de mídias Wikimedia Commons e centenas de milhares de caracteres adicionados na versão em português da enciclopédia Wikipédia, envolvendo o desenvolvimento contínuo de ferramentas tecnológicas. Por mês, em 2019, esses conteúdos chegaram, em média, a quase 50 milhões de visualizações.
Adaptações do leite em mães de recém-nascidos prematuros
Authors: Ferreira Emerson Pinheiro , Moraes Cesar Henrique de Carvalho
Published: June 2021

Apesar da importância de proteínas (PTN), lipídios (LIP) e Cálcio (Ca) no desenvolvimento de recém-nascidos algumas lacunas acerca das possíveis diferenças no leite de genitoras a termo (LMAT) comparado ao leite de genitoras pré-termo (LMPT) precisam ser elucidadas. É objetivo deste estudo caracterizar adaptações fisiológicas e nutricionais comparando o LMAT com o LMPT, especificamente em relação às PTN, LIP ou Ca. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa nas bases Google Acadêmico e PubMed, no período de 2004 a 2020, com idiomas em português e inglês. Foram critérios de inclusão: artigos e teses que discutiam a composição nutricional do leite considerando teor de LIP, PTN ou Ca. Para a realização da pesquisa os seguintes termos livres foram relacionados: Leite materno, pré-termo, a termo, proteína, lipídeos e cálcio. Em conclusão, o conjunto de estudos demonstra haver variação no conteúdo de PTN e LIP quando se compara o LMPT ao LMAT, o que ocorre possivelmente pela necessidade diferenciada dos bebês para cada situação. Adicionalmente, verifica-se carência de Ca no LMPT, o que não atende as necessidades nutricionais de prematuros. Estes dados permitem a particularização para o aleitamento materno exclusivo e a compreensão das especificidades fisiológicas e nutricionais nestas diferentes condições de gestação.
Significados da agricultura familiar pela perspectiva local: o caso da Associação dos Agricultores Familiares de São Pedro da Serra (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil)
Authors: Mattos Cristiane Passos de , Irving Marta de Azevedo , Seabra Lilia dos Santos
Published: June 2021

O artigo busca interpretar a dinâmica da agricultura familiar nos limites da Área de Proteção Ambiental Macaé de Cima, pela perspectiva dos atores da Associação dos Agricultores Familiares de São Pedro da Serra e Adjacências. A percepção local sobre a agricultura familiar transcende o seu entendimento como atividade produtiva e se traduz por meio da religiosidade, do vínculo com a natureza e da relação com os turistas que visitam a região.
O protagonismo de organizações indígenas na estruturação da cadeia produtiva da castanha-da-amazônia no estado de Roraima, Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Maroccolo Julianna Fernandes , Wadt Lúcia Helena de Oliveira , Diniz Janaína Deane de Abreu Sá , Da Silva Kátia Emídio
Published: June 2021

Roraima é o estado brasileiro com menor produção de castanha-da-amazônia entre aqueles onde há ocorrência da espécie. Com uma área notavelmente menor que os demais estados da região e diante da ocorrência de castanhais restritos à porção centro-sul do seu território, a produção dessa castanha em Roraima aparece pequena nas estatísticas oficiais. No entanto os dados oficiais, além de ignorarem a quantidade de castanha escoada sem controle para outras regiões, desconsideram a importância econômica, social e histórico-cultural que esse produto pode ter para as centenas de famílias que vivem de sua produção no estado. De acordo com um mapeamento da cadeia produtiva da castanha realizado em Roraima, foi possível construir um retrato da situação de sua produção e comercialização nos anos de 2013 e 2014, quando se formou uma articulação em prol da estruturação dessa cadeia no estado, especialmente no tocante à produção oriunda dos povos indígenas Wai Wai e Yanomami. Embora os indígenas Wai Wai comercializassem a castanha há mais tempo, com mais organizações de apoio e uma cadeia mais estruturada, tanto eles como os Yanomami tinham a maior parte desse apoio direcionado à produção de castanha. Isso explica o fato de a comercialização ter se mostrado como sendo o elo mais frágil e com maior demanda de investimentos. Sendo assim, diante do potencial produtivo das Terras Indígenas e da maior valorização da atividade e do próprio produto, a falta de planejamento para a coleta e a venda coletiva, assim como a necessidade de investimentos em infraestrutura de escoamento e beneficiamento, apresentam-se como importantes gargalos à organização dos povos indígenas em torno da cadeia produtiva da castanha-da-amazônia em Roraima.
Cultivation of Character Education Through Learning to Listen to Speech Based on Flash Media in the Digital Age
Authors: Himawan Riswanda , Fujiastuti Ariesty , Suwartini Iis
Published: June 2021

In the era of 4.0 technological advances that developed very rapidly indirectly affected all aspects of human life, both in the political, economic, cultural, even in the field of education. Every technology must have both positive and negative impacts. Positive benefits that can be obtained from technological advancements are providing facilities in the field of Education. One way that can be done is to use Flash as a learning media to listen to speeches for students which of course there are character values that can be developed in the media. The character developed in this media is the character of independence because students are highly required to work independently in the learning process. In addition, the characters developed in this media are the characters who love the environment, it can be seen from the contents of the speech that invites the listener to love the environment together. The purpose of this paper, which is to find out how to inculcate character education through learning to listen to flashbased speeches in the digital age. This type of research is Reasrch and Develompent (R&D). Development is carried out by developing learning media listening to speeches using the Flash application. Data collection method using a questionnaire. The feasibility instrument is reviewed from the learning media. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis technique. The final stage of this development is the feasibility and effectiveness test. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that instilling character education can be done through listening to speeches using flash-based media. This learning media is designed to deal with the era of digitalization, in addition to this, there are also character values that can be developed, including the character of independence and also the character for love for nature. The value of the independence character in this media can be seen from the form of media where users can access and download the desired material themselves, the value of the character of nature's love in this case can be seen from the contents of the speech which will directly preserve listening to both protecting the environment
The Implementation of Blended Learning Using Google Application in Mathematics Learning in the Pandemic Period
Authors: Kustiyati Nurul , Cahyaningsih Dewi Nur
Published: June 2021

This study was aimed to enhance the learning innovation during pandemic so that it could still increse the activeness of learning mathematic even though the teacher and the student rarely face to face. The design of this study was classroom action research with four stages, as follows: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. These stages was done in two cycles since the percentage of students’ activeness in the second cycle has achieved the predetermined succes indicator which was >80%. Each cycle focused on the rule of sine and cosine materials. This study was done in Al Azhar Syifa Budi Solo Senior High School. In this study, the researcher acted as the subject of the class action, while the students of X MIPA Tahfidz as the subject of the class action recipient. The data analysis was done in descriptive way. Based on the observation before the action done, the percentage of students’ activeness was 45,8%. In the first cycle, the percentage improved 17% which was 62,8%. In the second cycle, the percentage improve again to 83,34% (has achieved the succes indicators). According to the result of this study, it can be concluded the implementation of blended learning by using google application can improve the students’ activeness in mathematic learning during pandemic  
A multivariate study of the rGO/g-C3N4 composite for the photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A: Characterization, degradation kinetics, products identification, and ecotoxicity
Authors: Xavier Chubraider , Lopes Bianca Rebelo , Ribeiro Caue , Azevedo Eduardo Bessa
Published: June 2021

Bisphenol A (BPA), a common polymer plasticizer, is a contaminant of emerging concern with endocrine disrupting activity. Among existing abatement methods, photodegradation demands easily fabricated, inexpensive, high photoactive catalysts, leading to non-toxic byproducts after degradation. It is proposed an optimized (surface response methodology) catalyst for those goals: graphitic carbon nitride impregnated with reduced graphene oxide. The method was based on the sonication of preformed particles followed by reduction with hydrazine in reflux, a methodology that allows for better reproducibility and larger specific surface areas. The catalyst removed 90% of BPA (100 mL, 100 µg L− 1) in 90 min under UV irradiation (365 nm, 26 W) compared to 50% with pure g-C3N4 (pseudo-first-order kinetics). Tests with radicals scavengers revealed that superoxide radical was the main oxidation agent in the system. By mass spectrometry, two major degradation products were identified, which were less ecotoxic than BPA towards a series of organisms, according to in silico estimations performed with the ECOSAR 2.0 software.
Mantle Cell Lymphoma Presenting with Severe Upper GI Bleeding.
Authors: Ali Khaled , Habib Mhd Baraa , Alloush Ferial , Yassin Mohamed A.
Published: June 2021

Although it usually involves extra-nodal sites such as gastrointestinal tract in more than 80% of case, Mantle cell lymphoma is considered a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, especially a severe and life-threatening bleeding. We are reporting a 60 year old man, known to have peptic ulcer disease, who presented with a severe upper GI bleeding and found to have large gastric ulcer, which diagnosed as primary gastric mantle cell lymphoma.
New Mobility Model for Mobile and Geographic Cross-layer Architecture for Mobile IoT Networks
Authors: Mezouary Ridouane El , Souissi Abdelmoghit
Published: June 2021

In this article, we propose a new mobility model, for a mobile and geographic cross-layer architecture. This cross-layer architecture allows service differentiation between real-time and best-effort traffic, for a mobile internet of things ( IoT ) network. We present a mathematical model, which works on the parameters of the MAC layer and the network layer. The mathematical model makes it possible to calculate the throughput between a source object and a destination object (gateway), under conditions of stable queues. We use the positional (geographic) information in the mathematical model of the proposed cross-layer architecture, to study the impact of mobility on the performance of the proposed mathematical model. The proposed mobility model defines two time intervals, the first interval for communication (transmission and reception of data without mobility at the same time), and the second time interval for the mobility of objects of the IoT network (without communication at the same time). The results show that the calculated throughput depends on the position of the objects, as well as the probability of transmission. Finally, we study the effect of distance and speed on the performance of the proposed cross-layer architecture.
A Robust Fuzzy Approach For Gene Expression Data Clustering
Authors: Jahan Meskat , Hasan Mahmudul
Published: June 2021

In the big data era, clustering is one of the most popular data mining method. The majority of clustering algorithms have complications like automatic cluster number determination, poor clustering precision, inconsistent clustering of various datasets and parameter-dependent etc. A new fuzzy autonomous solution for clustering named Meskat-Mahmudul (MM) clustering algorithm proposed to overcome the complexity of parameter–free automatic cluster number determination and clustering accuracy. MM clustering algorithm finds out the exact number of clusters based on Average Silhouette method in multivariate mixed attribute dataset, including real-time gene expression dataset and dealt missing values, noise and outliers. MM Extended K-Means (MMK) clustering algorithm is an enhancement of the K-Means algorithm, which serves the purpose for automatic cluster discovery and runtime cluster placement. Several validation methods used to evaluate cluster and certify optimum cluster partitioning and perfection. Some datasets used to assess the performance of the proposed algorithms to other algorithms in terms of time complexity and clustering efficiency. Finally, MM clustering and MMK clustering algorithms found superior over conventional algorithms.
Antibacterial And UV Protection Properties Modified Cotton Fabric Using Curcumin/ TiO2 Nanocomposite For Medical Textile Applications
Authors: El-Hady M.M. Abd , Farouk A. , Saeed S. El-Sayed , Zaghloul S.
Published: June 2021

Medical textiles are one of the most rapidly growing parts of the technical textiles sector of the textile industry. This work was developed for biocompatible materials of curcumin / TiO2 nanocomposite fabricated on the surface of cotton fabric for medical applications. Cotton fabric was pretreated with three crosslinking agents namely, citric acid, Quat-188, and GPTMS. Applying nanocomposite on modified cotton fabric using pad-dry cure method. The chemistry and morphology of modified fabrics are examined by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the chemical mechanism for nanocomposite modified fabric was reported. UV protection (UPF) and antibacterial properties against Gram - positive S. aureus and Gram - negative E. coli bacterial strains were investigated. The durability of fabrics to 20 washing cycles was also examined. Results demonstrated that nanocomposite modified cotton fabric exhibited superior antibacterial activity against Gram - negative bacteria that Gram - positive bacteria and excellent UV protection properties. Moreover, good durability was obtained, possibly due to the effect of the crosslinker used. Among the three pre-modification of cotton fabric, Quat-188 modified fabric reveals the highest antibacterial activity comparing with citric acid or GPTMS modified fabrics. This outcome suggested that curcumin / TiO2 nanocomposite Quatt-188 modified cotton fabric could be used in biomedical textile as antibacterial properties.
Stability of Soliton Solutions For A PT- Symmetric NLDC Considering High-Order Dispersion and Nonlinear Effects Simultaneously
Authors: Safaei Lida , Hatami Mohsen , Zarandi Mahmood Borhani
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we analytically solve the coupled equations of a PT -Symmetric NLDC by considering high-order dispersion and nonlinear effects (Raman Scattering and self-steeping) simultaneously in normal dispersion regime. To the best of knowledge no works has been done in previous studies to decoupled these equations and obtain an exact analytical solution. The new exact bright solitary solutions are derived. In addition, to study the stability and instability of these propagated solitons in a PT -Symmetric NLDC, perturbation theory is used. Numerical methods are applied to find perturbed eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. The Stability of obtained four perturbed eigenvalues and perturbed eigenfunctions for a PT -Symmetric NLDC equations regard to high-order effects are examined. Using these results and simulating the propagation of perturbed temporal bright solitons through PT -Symmetric NLDC show that perturbed solitons are mostly stable. This means that high-order dispersion and nonlinear effects canceled each other and do not affected the propagated solitons. Furthermore, the evolution of perturbed solitons energies match well the previous results and con rmed the stability of these solitons in a PT -Symmetric NLDC. As seen the energies of pulses in bar and cross behave in two manner 1) the exchange of energy is happened in some periods, but the shape of each pulse in bar and cross is preserved. Therefore, the solitons under this eigenfunction perturbation are mostly stable. 2) the evolution of energy in the bar and cross, demonstrate that there is no changes in their energies and they remain constant. It is straightforward to show that in spite of considering high-order effects, the perturbed soliton conserve the shape and it remain stable. The deliverables of this article not only demonstrate a novel approach to ultra-fast pulses, solitons and optical couplers, but more fundamentally, they could give insight for improving the new medical equipments technologies, enabling innovations in nonlinear optics and their usage in designing new communication systems and Photonic devices.
Mercury Contamination Across a Riverine Foodweb
Authors: Tweedy Brent Norris , Sansom Brandon J. , Vaughn Caryn C.
Published: June 2021

Lakes and reservoirs are frequently monitored by researchers for elevated mercury concentrations in sportfish. Rivers and streams, especially those of smaller orders, are less frequently monitored for mercury contamination. Mercury contamination in the environment comes predominantly from anthropogenic sources like artisanal gold mining and the burning of coal. We address this gap by surveying mercury levels in a stream community in the Kiamichi River in southeastern Oklahoma sampling fish, aquatic insects, and freshwater mussels at ten sites in the river. We found elevated levels of mercury across taxa within the river including large individuals of sportfish populations having concentrations (2986 ±1053 ng/g) above the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limit. Furthermore, we observed high concentrations in darters and logperch (1133 ±464 ng/g), non-sportfish species found predominantly in rivers and streams. Our results indicate that mercury contamination can reach elevated concentrations in rivers and streams posing risks to both humans and wildlife.
A Patient with Malignant Melanoma Diagnosed with Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Case Report
Authors: Buran Tahir , Ceber Burak , Ceber Büşra Nur , Ayhan Semin
Published: June 2021

Malignant melanoma is a very aggressive type of cancer and some of patients have distant metastasis at presentation. Gastrointestinal system metastases are common and generally asymptomatic. The disease is rarely diagnosed only by gastrointestinal symptoms. Our case was diagnosed with malignant melanoma after upper gastrointestinal bleeding, characteristic lesions for malignant melanoma were seen by gastrocopy. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy.
Adopting Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) For The Sustainable Construction Industry: Evaluating The Barriers Using Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA)
Authors: Sadeghi Mahsa , Mahmoudi Amin , Deng Xiaopeng
Published: June 2021

Construction 4.0 has become a buzzword since the penetration of building information modeling (BIM), cyber-physical systems, digital and computing technologies into the construction industry. Among emerging technologies, Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), or blockchain, is a powerful business enhancer whose potential can disrupt projects, AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) firms, and construction supply chain, and in a broader sense, the whole construction industry. This technology has not reached the plateau of productivity due to several barriers and challenges. Previous studies have started to investigate the barriers to implementing DLT in various sectors and segmentations. However, we still need further surveys in the construction industry. This study evaluates the applicability of identified challenges and barriers based on a sustainability perspective. Precisely, we will answer which challenges need to be addressed for the sustainability of the construction industry. To meet the research objective, the Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) in multiple attributes decision-making (MADM) was utilized. This novel method determines the importance of the sustainability attributes and barriers simultaneously. The results show that DLT implementation needs i) infrastructure for data management, ii) advanced applications and archetypes, and iii) customers’ demand, interest, and tendency, and iv) taxation and reporting. Solving high-ranked challenges is the key to social sustainability from the aspects of ‘supply chain management and procurement,’ ‘transparency, anti-corruption, and anti-counterfeiting,’ and ‘fair operation and honest competition.’
How To Develop a NDT Method For Weld Inspection in Battery Cell Manufacturing Using Deep Learning
Authors: Rohkohl Erik , Kraken Mathias , Schönemann Malte , Breuer Alexander , Herrmann Christoph
Published: June 2021

Battery cells are central components of electric vehicles. It is important for automotive OEM to utilize high quality battery cells to ensure high performance and safety of their vehicles. This results in the high demand for quality control measures and inspection methods in battery cell manufacturing. Particular relevant features of battery cells are welds for the internal electrical contact. Failures of these welds are often the cause for battery defects in the field and scrap during production. Consequently, there is a strong need to evaluate all welds during manufacturing. However, there is no established method which allows a quick, comprehensive, and cheap inline measurement of the weld quality. This paper presents a new eddy current based method for non-destructive testing of seam welds as well as a machine learning approach for its validation. A deep learning model has been trained on eddy current measurements to predict results from a reference inspection method, in this case computer tomography. The results prove that eddy current measurements can be used to replicate data acquired by computer tomography which means that eddy current measurements could be a suitable candidate for non-destructive 100% inline inspection. More general, this study demonstrates how machine learning may help to get deeper insights into measurement results and to validate new non-destructive testing techniques whose detailed features are yet unknown. The presented evaluation method enables understanding the capabilities and the limits of a new technique and to extract hidden features from the data. Furthermore, the usage of machine learning allows to perform these evaluations on artificial product samples with specific defects and features, which avoids the costly production physical samples.
Prevalence and Allele Frequency of Red-Green Color Vision Defects among School Children in Repi Primary School in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Mengesha Wedawek A. , Mengistu Abebe G. , Tolesa Zelalem G.
Published: June 2021

Background

X-linked red-green color blindness is the most widespread form of vision impairment. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and allele frequencies of red-green color vision impairments among school children in Repi primary school in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods

A cross-sectional survey was employed involving 2400 healthy subjects (females = 850 and males = 1550) in in Repi primary school. The Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic 24 plate edition was used to test the colour vision of students under natural day light condition.
Results

The prevalence of congenial colour vision deficiency (CCVD) was 2.29%; 50 (3.23%) males and 5 (0.56%) females were affected with CCVD. The frequencies of achromacy, deutan and protan in male subjects were 0.13%, 1.75%, and 0.50%, respectively. Both Deutan and protan were highest among students of Amhara ethnic origin 2.85 % and 1.08%, respectively.
Conclusions

The overall prevalence of CCVD found in the present study was lower compared to the previous studies done in Ethiopia. There was clear variation in the prevalence of color vision deficiency among students of various ethnic groups. Proper screening, education and counseling are needed to minimize impacts of CCVD in the country, and can also be beneficial for the affected subject in tackling difficulties in everyday work and for proper choice of future profession.
Green Miles in Dyeing Technology Metal-Rich Pumpkin Extracts in Aid of Natural Dyes
Authors: Hosseinnezhad Mozhgan , Gharanjig Kamaladin , Razani Narjes , Jafari Razieh , Saeb Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2021

To reduce environmental pollution, it is essential to use green processes in dyeing and meet its requirements. One of the common methods to get better results in dyeing is to use mordant. To get a green dyeing, using natural mordant (bio-mordant) is very effective, but the search for an alternative having a higher stability and absorption interval, along with an absolute affinity towards natural fibers of various kinds was central to the focus of studies in the meanwhile. Pumpkin extract as a natural source metal-rich can be used as a bio-mordant in green dyeing of natural fibers such as wool fibers. Two natural dyes native to Iran; Reseda luteolaare and Madder were employed in this study. The effectiveness of bio-mordant presence on fibers was evaluated by FTIR-ATR test from mordanted and mordanted-dyed wool samples. Fastness performance of wool dyes with pumpkin alternated from good to excellent depending on natural dye type and concentration, due to the formation of complex structures that compensated for the lack of affinity-characteristic of tannin-based first-generation biomordants, at best with good fastness.
Admission Oxygen Saturation and Mortality in Acute Pulmonary Embolism Patients: Observational Data From Large ICU Databases
Authors: Xu Xiaolin , Peng Anping , Tian Jing , Shen Runnan , You Guochang , Chen Xiong , Gao Ming , Kang Shimao , Lv Lin , Zhu Dongxi , Huang Kai
Published: June 2021

Background

The relationship between blood oxygenation and clinical outcomes of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) patients in intensive care unit (ICU) is unclear, which could be nonlinear. The study aimed to determine the association between admission pulse oximetry-derived oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels and mortality, and to determine the optimal range with real-world data.
Methods

Patients diagnosed with APE on admission and staying in ICU for at least 24 hours in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database and the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD) were included. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to determine the nonlinear relationship between mean SpO2 levels within the first 24 hours after ICU admission and in-hospital mortality, from which we derived an optimal range of SpO2. Subgroup analyses were based on demographics, treatment information, scoring system and comorbidities.
Results

We included 1109 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria, among whom 129 (12%) died during hospitalization and 80 (7.2%) died in ICU. The RCS showed that the relationship between admission SpO2 levels and in-hospital mortality of APE patients was nonlinear and U-shaped. The optimal range of SpO2 with the lowest mortality was 95–98%. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis with backward elimination confirmed that the admission SpO2 levels of 95%-98% was associated with decreased hospital mortality compared to the group with SpO2 < 95% (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.321; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.405–3.786; P < 0.001) and 100% (OR = 2.853; 95% CI: 1.294–5.936; P = 0.007), but there was no significant difference compared with 99% SpO2 (OR = 0.670, 95% CI: 0.326–1.287; P > 0.05). This association was consistent across subgroup analyses.
Conclusions

The relationship between admission SpO2 levels and in-hospital mortality followed a U-shaped curve among patients with APE. The optimal range of SpO2 for APE patients was 95–98%.
An investigation on Γ-hypermodules and soft Γ-hypermodules
Authors: Ostadhadi-dehkordi Sohrab , Vougiouklis Thomas , Davvaz Bijan
Published: June 2021

The concept of soft Γ-hypermodules are generalization of soft hypermodules. In this paper, we prove that when the fuzzy Γ-subhypermodule is normal, then equivalence relation μ* defined on Γ-hypermodules are strongly regular and the additive hyperoperation in quotient Γ- hypermodules (fuzzy subhypermodules) are just operations. Also, we prove that all hyperadditions in the quotient Γ-hypermodule induced by normal Γ-subhypermodule are additions.