bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Theory for the Load/Elongation Properties of Paper
Authors:   Research and Development Department, St Regis Paper Co., West Nyack, New York, Kallmes O. J. , Perez M. ,   Research and Development Department, St Regis Paper Co., West Nyack, New York
Published: February 2024

The new theory of the load/elongation properties of paper, in essence, sums the loads developed in the fibres intersecting a line at right angles to the direction of straining. Fibre nonlinearity and the intermittent bond failure that occurs before the final gross rupture of the sheet are taken into account. The hypothesis is proposed that gross rupture is triggered by one of two mechanisms bond failure in sheets of strong fibres and fibre failure in sheets of weak fibres. The theory does not consider the phenomena occurring during gross rupture. Measured stress/strain curves of many handsheets of five pulps of springwood fibres were found to be in good agreement with calculated curves.
Effect of Structure on the Mechanical Properties of Paper
Authors:   Department of Cellulose Technology, Technical University of Norway, Trondheim, Norway, Algar W. H.
Published: February 2024

Recent literature relating to the structure of paper and its load/ elongation behaviour is reviewed. Following an outline of the more important load/elongation features and the effects on them of testing conditions and sheet variables, paper structure is considered in terms of the fibre (its strength, conformability and response to drying tension), the interfibre bond (its structure, area, frequency, strength and energy) and the sheet geometry. The structural changes that occur in the sheet as a whole and in its various elements during elongation and rupture are also described. Theories relating mechanical properties to sheet structure are summarised in three categories-general theories, quantitative theories for the prediction of sheet elasticity and the application of the Griffith crack theory to paper. Some concluding remarks are offered about the significance, particularly in sheet elasticity theories, of the ability of a paper to distribute load evenly over all its structural elements.
Anisotropic Elasticity of Paper from Sonic Velocity Measurements
Authors:   Organic Chemicals Division, Monsanto Co., St Louis, U.S.A., Taylor D. L. , Craver J. K. ,   Organic Chemicals Division, Monsanto Co., St Louis, U.S.A.
Published: February 2024

The theory of anisotropic elasticity for paper is reviewed. Sonic pulse velocity measurements were used to evaluate Young’s modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio of paper. The effects of fibre orientation and drying stresses on paper elasticity are readily measured by sonic velocity. A previously proposed relationship between the fourin-plane elastic constants is approximately true for well-bonded paper. Local modulus variations in a single specimen can be detected by sonic velocity measurements. Any dependence of sonic velocity on substance is due to real differences in mechanical properties of the sheet.
Effects of High Consistency Refining on the Properties of the Consolidated Web
Authors:   Central Research Division, Crown Zellerbach Corporation, Camas, U.S.A., Henderson J. T. , Barton J. S. ,   Central Research Division, Crown Zellerbach Corporation, Camas, U.S.A., Erfurt H. ,   Central Research Division, Crown Zellerbach Corporation, Camas, U.S.A.
Published: February 2024

The treatment of pulps at low consistencies in conventional beaters or refiners is partially a destructive process that severely damages and shortens the fibres. These disadvantages are over come in high consistency refining (HCR), a technique developed commercially in the USA, which treats a pulp at consistencies of 20-40 per cent by transmitting mechanical energy to a semi-solid fibre pad between the plates of a discrefiner. The refining action is brought about by strong inter fibres hearing actions, by rubbing and sliding of fibres on each other and by the intensive internal friction forces that result. This mechanism gives the fibres a unique appearance that makes it possible readily to detect the HCR pulp in a furnish. The preservation of the average fibre length while developing extensive fibrillation is the most important feature of the HCR process. The properties of webs formed from an HCR pulp and a jordan refined stock differ noticeably in every phase of sheet consolidation. HCR fibres lurries frequently have a poorer formation, but seem to drain better-at least, in the higher freeness range. The tensile strength of wet HCR fibre mats is not much different from that of conventionally refined pulps, but they have a higher stretch. This was confirmed incommercial newsprint runs. HCR results also in a lower water retention after wet pressing and a greater web shrinkage in the dryer section. Papers produced from HCR pulps show a very high tearing strength, a higher stretch and a somewhat lower tensile strength than papers obtained from a jordan refined stock. This is largely a result of the much lower fines content of HCR pulps.
Relationships between Mechanical and Optical Properties of Paper Affected by Web Consolidation
Authors:   Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Helsinki, Nordman L. , Aaltonen P. ,   Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Helsinki, Makkonen T. ,   Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Helsinki
Published: February 2024

The relationships between bonding strength and web consolidation as affected by beating and wet pressing have been investigated. The effect of both the forces of external pressure and surface tension on the structure and on single fibre elements and crossings is discussed in the light of relevant publications. Wet pressing can exercise both direct effects and effects attributable to the induced liquid flow in the sheet. Various types of bonding strength measurement have been covered and attention has been devoted to the question whether data on the magnitude of the bonded area can be derived from scattering measurements. On introducing variations in the bonded area by means of variation in the wet pressure, investigations have shown that, for a given increase in bonded area, beating is more effective than wet pressing in increasing the rupture strength. In the present investigation, use has been made of a method developed previously to relate irreversibly expended work to bond breakage with a view to assessing the effect of beating and wet pressing on the bonding strength value. These tests indicate that, for some pulp qualities with a high hemicellulose content, the bonding strength rises with increases in the degree of beating and falls on the application of higher wet pressure. For bleached and unbleached pulp with a low hemicellulose content, the bonding strength is (as has been found earlier) virtually independent of both beating and wet pressing. The possible reasons for the beating and wet pressing effects are discussed and some alternatives proposed. Although no satisfactory explanation can be found, it is believed that beating increases the possibilities of intimate contact between the surfaces and gives rise to a structure that has larger radii of curvature between the building elements. On the other hand, wet pressing may permanently damage the cell walls and result in less entangled contact zones and a structure of more angular configuration.
Effects of Dry Pressing on Printing Properties of Uncoated Paper Webs
Authors:   Engineering and Scientific Services Division, Bowaters UK Pulp & Paper Mills Ltd., Northfleet, Kent, Parker J. R.
Published: February 2024

Uncoated paper webs containing ground wood were pressed between surfaces of various hardnesses, using different combinations of pressure and moisture content. The physical and printing properties of the pressed webs were measured. For a given web, the properties that affect print-through such as opacity, scattering power and bulk were determined by the combination of moisture content and pressure that was used. In addition, roughness was influenced by the hardness of the surface used to press the paper. Some treatments gave results similar to super calendered paper in all respects but for gloss, even though no shear was used during pressing. It was concluded that an optimum degree of compacting existed for paper intended to be printed on both sides.
Fluid Flow through Paper and Sheet Structure
Authors:   Wiggins Teape Research and Development Ltd., Beaconsfield, Bucks., Corte H. K. , Lloyd E. H. ,   Wiggins Teape Research and Development Ltd., Beaconsfield, Bucks.
Published: February 2024

A theory is presented to describe the relationship between the structure ofasheetofpaperandtheflowoffluidsthroughit.Basedonthemultiplanarconcept of paper, it defines a pore through the sheet in terms of structural and hydrodynamic variables. The effective pore size distribution thus depends on the type of flow,as well as on the structure of the sheet. It is in all cases approximately lognormal, with a standard deviation proportional to the mean. The theory is applied to the problem of the maximum pore size and to laminar flow, for which the connection with the Kozeny-Carman equation is established. The theory correctly predicts relationships between physical and structural variables and fibre/sheet properties. Numerical agreement with experiments is still limited by the lack of an appropriate definition of a layer in the multi-planar model.
The Potential utility of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the diagnosis and the prognosis of non-hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Mabed Mohamed , Saafan Maged , H Ahmed Mohamed , Abdel Maksoud Eman , Eisa Noha , Badria Farid
Published: February 2024

Background: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) can detect slight change in the biochemical global composition in samples taken from patients with Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) including changes in carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, lipids or even water. These small changes might serve early detection before any morphological changes occur. Patients and methods: The study included samples from (30) patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) and samples from (33) healthy controls. The serum samples were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and the resulted data were analyzed using support vector machine (SVM) learning. Results: Ranges 1240-1190 cm-1 and 1140-1000 cm-1 had the best true positive, false negative and accuracy results. True negative, false positive, specificity and precision were best seen in Range 1580-1480 cm-1 and sensitivity was best seen in Range 3500-2800 cm-1. Ranges 1240-1190 cm-1 and 1140-1000 cm-1 represent frequencies that are assigned to bonds found in nucleic acids. Conclusion: FTIR spectra ranges that could be recommended to be used as diagnostic and prognostic tool for DLBCL patients are 3500-2800,1580-1480 and 1240-1000 cm-1. The finding that the most important changes occurs in the nucleic acids may has therapeutic implication.
CFD modeling for phase change materials integrated to building envelope
Authors: Saliby Ammar , Kovács Béla
Published: February 2024

Integrating thermal energy storage with thermal conversion systems is necessary to maximize their use. Phase change materials are the best media for storing and releasing thermal energy from various basic material types. Because the phase change materials have a high latent heat of fusion, it is often viable to use these characteristics and include the phase change materials in building envelopes to store thermal energy. The paper provides a thorough categorization of the phase change materials and thermal energy storage systems, in addition to an evaluation of their modeling using computational fluid dynamics. The purpose was to highlight computational fluid dynamics as a useful technique for advancing the engineering of thermal energy storage devices.
Enhancing wind power with permanent magnet synchronous generator control strategies
Authors: Ahyaten Sabra , El Bahaoui Jalal , Amahjour Narjisse , Gallego Francisco Ortegón , Hanafi Issam
Published: February 2024

Due to the substantial rise in wind power generation, the direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator has emerged as a leading technology for efficient variable speed operation, meeting grid demands effectively. This paper presents a comparative analysis of control strategies for permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind turbine using real variable wind speed data from a 2 MW of Tetouan wind farm in Morocco. The proposed approach is based on evaluating two primary control strategies: the adaptive fuzzy-proportional-integral controller and the conventional proportional-integral controller aimed at enhancing the wind turbine's output power. The simulation performed on MATLAB-Simulink indicates that pitch control mechanisms play a crucial role in optimizing power generation, also demonstrating its ability to achieve satisfactory performance.
A narcolepsia jellegzetességei gyermekkorban
Authors: Gaál Veronika , Faludi Béla
Published: February 2024

A narcolepsia napközbeni rövid alvásbetörésekkel, fokozott érzelmi szituációkban
kialakuló átmeneti izomtónusvesztéssel (cataplexia), a rövid bealvások során is
jelentkező álomtevékenységgel (hypnagog hallucináció), ébredéskor megfigyelt
átmeneti mozgásképtelenséggel (alvási paralízis) járó, ritka betegség. Hazánkban
mindössze 2–3000 embert érinthet. Jellegzetes tünetei ellenére a betegség
felismerése nehézkes, sokszor évtizedes késés figyelhető meg a korrekt diagnózis
és így a hatásos terápia kialakításáig. Különös figyelmet követelnek a
gyermekkori kezdetű esetek, mivel a klasszikus fenti panaszokat számos egyéb
tünet (például extrapyramidalis mozgászavarra hasonlító események stb.) is
kíséri, a panaszok sokkal összetettebbek. Az egyes klasszikus tünetek – mint
például a cataplexia – megjelenése is eltér a felnőttkorban észlelhetőtől. Ezek
nagyban megnehezítik a felismerését. A szerteágazó panaszok és tünetek
magyarázzák a diagnosztikus tévedéseket, késlekedéseket: a valós kórisme helyett
sokszor különféle neurológiai és pszichiátriai betegség diagnózisával kezelik a
pácienseket. A nem megfelelő kezelésnek negatív hatása lehet a gyermek iskolai
teljesítményére, érintheti a szociális interakcióit, pályaválasztását, kihathat
mindennapi életére, életminőségére. Az összefoglaló közleményben ismertetjük a
narcolepsia klasszikus jellegzetességei mellett a gyermekkori esetek eltérő
tüneteit, patofiziológiáját, a differenciáldiagnosztikai nehézségeket, a kezelés
elmaradásának következményeit, a diagnosztikus kritériumokat és a terápiás
lehetőségeket. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(6): 211–220.
Fájdalmas bal-Tawara-szár-blokk
Authors: Tomcsányi János
Published: February 2024

A szerző egy esetet mutat be, amelynél a frekvenciadependens
bal-Tawara-szár-blokk típusos effortanginás panaszt okoz ép coronariák mellett.
A terheléses EKG-vizsgálat kiváltotta az angina pectorist, és ezzel szinkrón
komplett bal-Tawara-szár-blokk jelentkezett az EKG-n. A terhelés után mind a
bal-Tawara-szár-blokk, mind az anginás panasz megszűnt. A beteg panaszai és
bal-Tawara-szár-blokkja az ivabradin és trimetazidin kombinált kezelés mellett a
későbbiekben nem jelentkezett. A szerző az eset kapcsán tárgyalja a fájdalmas
bal-Tawara-szár-blokk lehetséges patomechanizmusát és a kezelési lehetőségeket.
Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(6): 232–235.
Szűrő kolonoszkópos vizsgálatok hatékonyságának és biztonságosságának értékelése a Szegedi Tudományegyetemen és a Bács-Kiskun Vármegyei Oktatókórházban 2019 és 2022 között
Authors: Magyar Dániel , Fábián Anna , Vasas Béla , Nacsev Krisztián , Dubravcsik Zsolt , Bősze Zsófia , Tóth Tibor , Bacsur Péter , Bálint Anita , Farkas Klaudia , Molnár Tamás , Resál Tamás , Bor Renáta , Szepes Zoltán
Published: February 2024

Bevezetés: Magyarországon 2019-ben indult az 50–70 éves
populáció körében a kétlépcsős vastagbélszűrő program, melynek célja a
colorectalis carcinoma kialakulásának megelőzése. Célkitűzés:
Kutatásunk célja volt a Szegedi Tudományegyetemen és a Bács-Kiskun Vármegyei
Oktatókórházban a szűrőprogram keretein belül végzett kolonoszkópiák minőségi
mutatóinak és kimeneteli indikátorainak, valamint a betegbiztonságnak a
vizsgálata a magyar szakmai ajánlás tükrében. Módszerek:
Intervencióval nem járó, obszervációs kohorszvizsgálatunkban az adatgyűjtés
során felhasználtuk a Nemzeti Népegészségügyi és Gyógyszerészeti Központ által
működtetett regiszter prospektív adatait, melyeket retrospektíven
kiegészítettünk az egészségügyi nyilvántartási rendszer segítségével.
Eredmények: Összesen 1739 szűrő kolonoszkópiára
(átlagéletkor 62,36 ± 5,86 év, férfiarány 56,81%) került sor 97,07%-os
coecumintubációs arány mellett. A béltisztaság az esetek 90,28%-ában megfelelő
volt, ezen belül az esetek 63,31%-ában kiváló. Az eszközvisszahúzási időről 1397
komplett kolonoszkópia esetén volt adat, mely 96,35%-ban meghaladta az irányelv
által javasolt 6 percet, átlagos hossza 9,51 ± 5,76 perc volt. Szedációt a
páciensek 40,37%-a igényelt, melynek során 92,02%-ban midazolámot alkalmaztak. A
kolonoszkópiák 62,51%-ában találtak neoplasztikus és 27,03%-ában csak nem
neoplasztikus laesiót. Összesen 2879 polipot találtak 1064 páciensnél
(polipfelismerési arány 61,18%), melyek közül a legrelevánsabbnak a mérete az
esetek 39,38%-ában meghaladta az 1 cm-t, és 72,97%-a a bal colonfélben
helyezkedett el. A páciensek 98,97%-a az index- és komplettáló kolonoszkópiák
során polipmentessé vált. Adenoma 871 esetben igazolódott, ez 50,09%-os
adenomafelismerési arányt jelent. Colorectalis carcinomát 80 páciensnél (4,60%)
fedeztek fel. Szövődmény 10 főnél (0,58%) lépett fel, beavatkozással összefüggő
halálozás nem következett be. Tisztázó gasztroszkópia a negatív eredményű
kolonoszkópiák 24,08%-ában történt, ezek során 1 főnél nyelőcső-laphámcarcinoma
igazolódott. Az utánkövetési időszakban 114 páciensnél (6,56%) történt ismételt
kolonoszkópia, melynek során intervallum colorectalis carcinomát 1 esetben
(0,06%) találtak. Következtetés: A kutatás során vizsgált két
centrumban végzett szűrő kolonoszkópiák megfeleltek a magyar irányelvben
meghatározott minőségi és kimeneteli mutatóknak, valamint betegbiztonsági
szempontoknak. Ugyanakkor a regiszterbe történő adatbevitel és a negatív
kolonoszkópiákat követő tisztázó gasztroszkópiák aránya korrekcióra szorul. Orv
Hetil. 2024; 165(6): 221–231.
Változások a felső gastrointestinalis tumorok kezelésében
Authors: Vass Tamás , Bán Kinga , Bennemann Stephan , Balázs Ákos , Szijártó Attila
Published: February 2024

A felső gastrointestinalis traktus daganatai nagy mortalitású betegségek. Az
elmúlt évtizedekben bekövetkezett technikai fejlődésnek köszönhetően a betegek
túlélése jelentősen javult, de az átlagos 5 éves túlélés sem gyomor-, sem
nyelőcsőtumorok esetén nem haladja meg a 35%-ot. A szűrőprogramot bevezető
országokban a betegek gyakran korai stádiumban kerülnek felfedezésre, és
ellátásuk endoszkópos úton is lehetséges. Az onkológia fejlődésével a tumorok
terápiájának a multimodális megközelítés lett az alapja, ezzel mód nyílt az
előrehaladott állapotú betegek mind nagyobb arányú kuratív célú kezelésére. A
minimálisan invazív technikák térhódítása megfelelő onkológiai radikalitás
mellett csökkentette a műtéti megterhelést és javította a posztoperatív
felépülést. Az utóbbi években egyre nagyobb hangsúlyt kapott a betegek komplex
előkészítése, így tovább javultak a műtéttel kapcsolatos morbiditási mutatók.
Írásunkban összefoglaljuk a felső tápcsatorna daganatainak ellátásában az utóbbi
évtizedekben bekövetkezett változásokat. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(6): 203–210.
Measuring the flex in surfboard fins during surfing
Authors: Krzyzanowski Pawel , in het Panhuis Marc
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we describe the fitting out of a surfboard with inbuilt measurement system and a set of fins instrumented with flex sensors. The inbuilt measurement system consisted of GPS, accelerometers, and gyroscope. Telemetry data were collected during characteristic surfing maneuvers on ocean waves at a sampling rate of up to 80 Hz. Our results indicated that our surfboard with instrumented fins can be used to measure the flex in fins during surfing. Our data showed that both fins flex while on waves (at surfing speed), but not during paddling (at low speed). The commercial sensors recorded fin flex values of up to 10% as the fins are loading and unloading at surfing speeds of up to 6 m/s (from GPS data).

Graphical abstract
PREPARING YOUNG PEOPLE TO CREATE A FAMILY IS ONE OF THE AREAS OF EDUCATION
Authors:   Naryn State University named after S.Naamatov, Asankulova Mazira
Published: February 2024

The article deals with some issues of creating a family, the issue of preparing young people for family life, which is one of the current topics of the present. The issues of preparing young people for marriage and preparing them for a new system of family responsibilities and responsibilities in marriage are touched upon, emphasizing the need to develop interpersonal skills, the ability to adapt to the habits and character of another person, the need to create a system for preparing young people for marriage. At the same time, the views on the concept of the family of students of the pedagogical faculty of Naryn State University named after Satybaldy Naamatov and students of the pedagogical faculty of Osh State University were compared. The following issues were discussed with the students: the views of young people on marriage, the social status of the future spouse, the period of acquaintance with the aim of marriage, and readiness for family life.
HEORETICAL ISSUES OF INDEPENDENT WORK OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors:   National School-Lyceum of Innovative Technologies named after A. Moldokulov, Asanova Meliskan
Published: February 2024

Currently, the formation of independent educational activities of secondary school students is being brought to the fore. In higher educational institutions, the main emphasis is on the independent work of students, self-education. But in a comprehensive school, the issue of the formation of such skills among students is not considered enough. The article notes the importance of this problem. The works of domestic and foreign authors on the formation of independent educational work of trainees are analyzed. It is also noted that the issue of organizing independent work of students is on a par with educational activities, with the management of students' own activities.
TEACHING FEATURES OF SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION
Authors:   Ala-Too International University, Akimkanova Kunduz
Published: February 2024

This article will consider the possibilities of learning, as well as teaching simultaneous interpretation. The main methods taught to novice simultaneous interpreters are hypotheses, compression, and text restructuring. The article describes the features of this type of translation and the distinctive sides of simultaneous interpreters from translators of other areas. The essential qualities that a student must possess in order to professionally master this profession and meet all linguistic competencies are touched upon. Certain exercises that can help novice simultaneous interpreters were also mentioned in this article. And also, the role of curriculum in the teaching process of simultaneous interpretation.
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND MOOD OF KYRGYZSTAN YOUTH DURING THE PANDEMIС
Authors:   Ala-Too International University, Zholchieva Ainuru
Published: February 2024

The spiritual state and mental well-being of people in a new environment is an important factors in the successful solution of social development, socioeconomic efficiency of activities, as well as other issues related to life. The article describes the situation, mood, and well-being of the youth of Kyrgyzstan in the context of the “global pandemic” Covid-19. The impact of the pandemic on income, employment, household chores, education, psychological state and student upbringing will be revealed. The main purpose of the study is to assess the emotional state and mood of students in the new socio-economic conditions, to determine the impact on their psycho-functional characteristics, life satisfaction and formation.
THE RESULT OF INTRODUCING THE MODEL OF FORMATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE OF PEDAGOGICAL STAFF
Authors:   National School-Lyceum of Innovative Technologies named after Professor A. Moldokulov,, Ibragimova Zhainak
Published: February 2024

This scientific article summarizes the results of a scientific study conducted in the field of training modern, at the same time, professional teaching staff in accordance with the requirements of modernity. Not only the ability to use information and communication tools currently used in society, but also the importance of their use in education and training is noted. Here we focused not only on the results of scientific research to improve the information and communication competence of the teacher but also on the work done to achieve a good result. The training was conducted with the teaching staff divided into two groups, called control and experimental. Where possible, the results were presented in percentage terms for clarity.
ESSENCE AND CONTENT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
Authors:   Kuwait International University, Ibraev Almazbek
Published: February 2024

This scientific article explains the essence of the main concepts of distance education, the idea of great didactics, models of optimization of learning, education, technology, quality, etc. Compliance with these basic pedagogical concepts is of great importance in distance learning. The article also notes that there are many issues related to the discovery and definition of the essence of distance learning technology. The lack of a clear definition of distance learning in the experience of the development of distance education and the world educational community, the views of researchers-educators and terms used in the same sense are studied. The organizational process of distance education, distance learning activities developed within the framework of the dissertation research, i.e. the general pedagogical model of distance education, is presented in the form of a diagram, its goals, objectives and summary are described.
ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF COGNITIVE ACTIVITY
Authors:   Ala-Too International University, Kaldybaev Salidin
Published: February 2024

Currently, the problem of enhancing the cognitive activity of students is relevant. It is known that the role of active assimilation of educational material is high. Therefore, the analysis of the essence of this concept, the disclosure of its role is of theoretical and practical importance. The article considers the question of the study of the cognitive activity of students in the pedagogical literature. An analysis was made of the experience of activity in the ancient and medieval schools, the opinions and recommendations of thinkers. The works of scientists on the importance of cognitive activity in learning are analyzed and their opinions are summarized. In the conclusion of the article, important signs of the cognitive activity of students are given.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors:   National School-Lyceum of Innovative Technologies named after Professor A. Moldokulov, Kasymaliev Muratbek
Published: February 2024

This scientific article examines the state of digitization of managerial and managerial activities and the process of digitalization of education in the education system of the Kyrgyz Republic, determining the features of the process of managing the development of modern schools in the conditions of digitalization of education, developing a model of the Control Center for the information management system of a modern school, on the progress of scientific work aimed at experimentally verifying the effectiveness of school development management in the conditions of the Center information systems, a summary of the content of the scientific work is given. Also, in practice, the advantages and disadvantages of organizing the digitalization of the traditional educational process on the basis of secondary schools were analyzed. Keywords: electronic textbooks, information technologies, new educational standards, information systems, electronic school, electronic educational materials, information technologies, information management, school development.
EFFECTIVE WAYS OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS BY INTEGRATING LEARNING WITH NATURAL SCIENCE SUBJECTS
Authors:   Osh State University, Murzabaev Kochkonbai , Smanova Nurgul ,   Osh State University
Published: February 2024

At the present time, acquiring knowledge about the real reality is acquiring special relevance not through separate training, but through integrated training. The relevance of integrated learning lies in a more complete knowledge of reality with the help of school subjects. In this case, the student's knowledge becomes complete, and the concepts of reality are integral. This method demands from the teacher of high preparation, searching of versatile and interesting material, use of technique in tutoring. The article highlights the positive aspects of integrated teaching of mathematics with other subjects.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EPIC "MANAS" AND THE EPIC "MAHABHARATA" IN MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES
Authors:   International Higher School of Medicine, Zaiyrkulova Rima ,   Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn
Published: February 2024

The article deals with the problems of comparing the epic "Manas" with the epic "Mahabharata" in medical universities in the discipline "Manas Studies". Compulsory discipline is taught in higher educational institutions. Due to the growing number of young people from the Republic of India studying in medical schools, it is necessary to find ways to compare the epic "Mahabharata" and the epic "Manas" in order to ensure more effective teaching of the discipline "Manas Studies". The comparative study of epics on the world stage plays an effective role in the development of foreign medical students, first as individuals, and then as doctors, by studying the similarities and differences between the epics of the two peoples through the prism of history, literature, traditions, culture and religion.
CONCEPT, THE FRAME OF CONCEPTS AND THE KOGNITIVE PICTURE OF THE WORLD
Authors:   Osh State University, Aytibaeva Zhypargul
Published: February 2024

This article deals with the achievement lingua conceptology. The main focus of the article are: to take into consideration, original ideas, requirements, categories internal directions, external relations of new network. There is no doubt that the era of globalization will lead to the integration, synthesis, generalization, elevation and simulation of the human concept sphere. Scientific and technological progress, the Internet and the speed of communications, and the rapid development of electronics will be a great impetus for the rapprochement of peoples and the identification of their semantic spheres, we hope that in future people will have a number of concepts that do not differ significantly from each other.
THE PROBLEM OF DISTINGUISHING THE CONCEPTS OF “PARALINGUISTICS” AND “PARALINGUISTIC MEANS OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION”
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, Zhenishova Suusara
Published: February 2024

The relevance of the article is confirmed by the fact that the problems of paralinguistics are studied mainly only in the field of linguistics, despite the fact that paralinguistics, as a field of scientific research, deals with the sphere of non-verbal communication. Thus, paralinguistics has not yet been clearly defined both from the side of its object and from its place among other disciplines. Nevertheless, in the literature, at present, there exists only the term "paralinguistics" in its general undifferentiated meaning. However, it would be more correct to distinguish between the two concepts of "paralinguistics" and its use in the form of an adjective — "paralinguistic means". Such a distinction, to date, has not been carried out with sufficient consistency and clarity in studies devoted to the problems of paralinguistics. So, the problem brought up for consideration in this article is the problem of distinguishing the term "paralinguistics" and "paralinguistic means" in a written speech. The article examines the question of the genesis of the term paralinguistics; a number of definitions of foreign and Russian scientists are given to distinguish between these two concepts; then approaches and ways of solving the problem are indicated.
POSITIONAL LONG VOWELS IN THE KYRGYZ LANGUAGE
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, Karataeva Sonaiym
Published: February 2024

In the Kyrgyz language, along with the secondary longitude, which developed as a result of the loss of intervocalic consonants with the subsequent contraction of vowels into one long sound, the functioning of the positional longitude of the vowels is noted. Positional longitude results from the influence of sounds on each other in the stream of speech. Such lengthening of vowels refers to positional changes in sounds, and in a number of Turkic languages has a phonological character. The positional longitude of a wide vowel of an open syllable before a narrow vowel of the next syllable is characteristic of the Kypchak and Kypchakized Turkic languages. The conditions for the formation of positional longitudes in the Turkic languages, including the Kyrgyz language, are basically the same. There are more positional longitudes in dialects than in the literary Kyrgyz language. This type of vowel length in the Kyrgyz language, which has not been noted before in the scientific literature, requires further research.
STUDYING PARTS OF SPEECH FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Bishkek Humanities University named after K. Karasaev, Mambetova Kyzylgul
Published: February 2024

From the historical perspective the issues of overview-theoretical research of parts of speech in the interval from the III century BC to the XX century, starting with the Alexandrian school of grammar, are considered. The members of this school substantiated the notion of parts of speech as an association of words with common and analogous meanings, with similar grammatical features. We briefly analyze the views of the German scientists H. Paul and H. Schuchardt, who introduced into linguistics the doctrine of relevant grammatical forms, inherent in the main and auxiliary parts of speech in their realization in the sentence, and interacting in a certain way in such realization.
PREPARATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT DOCUMENTS IN THE STATE LANGUAGE IN THE BODIES OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS
Authors:   Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic, Orozakunov Aibek
Published: February 2024

This article provides information on the documents used in the management activities of the internal affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic. Moreover, the types of management documents that are most often encountered in the operational activities of the internal affairs bodies are indicated. With an indication of the types of management documents, the definitions of these documents, their features are outlined. Due to the fact that the activities of internal affairs differ from the activities of civil institutions, there are differences in the execution of documents. In this regard, a detailed report will be presented on the preparation of documents contained in the department of the internal affairs bodies, as well as the requisites contained in them.
RESEARCH HISTORY OF EPIC "KYZ SAYKAL" (WRITING, POSTING, RESEARCHING)
Authors:   Naryn State University named after S.Naamatov, Orozobekova Zhyldyz
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the epic "Kyz Saykal" depicting the exploits of the heroine of the Kyrgyz people, Saikal. The author begins with an overview of the history of recording, publication, and research of the epic. In fact, the history of writing, publishing, and researching the epic is very short. Today, only Orozbay Urmambetov's version has been recorded. The manuscript is kept in the Manuscript Fund of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic. That manuscript will be published twice in the "Folk Literature" series. Later, in 2019, it was translated into English by Zinaida Karaeva, and the Kyrgyz and English versions were published together. There are mixed opinions about the epic. Some of them described it as a poem, while K. Artykbaev, S. Kayipov, G. Orozova, J. Abdyrasulova gave their first scientific opinions and identified the work as an epic. The author looks at these works from beginning to end, analyzes them in detail, and gives a general overview.
NARRATIVE AND VARIATIONS ISSUES IN KYRGYZ AKYN POETRY
Authors:   Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn, Samsalieva Meerim
Published: February 2024

The creativity of akyns (Kyrgyz folk poets and singers) is defined as a separate stage, an artistic and aesthetic phenomenon that combines folklorism and professionalism, while forming the corresponding features on the path of oral folk art and fiction development. This article analyzes and discusses opinions about the quality of folklorism in the work of Kyrgyz akyns-improvisers, in particular, the ability of each listener to be a potential performer or about the narration of akyns-improvisers. In addition, the issue of variability in the work of akyns is analyzed. Based on the author’s opinion, the variation is considered in three directions. The first one is the emergence of variations in the narration of folk epics and legends. The second one is variations of such genres as lamentation songs, proverbs and sayings in the work of akyns. And the third one is based on the example of akyns-improvisers works, such issues as the revival of traditional themes in the works of akyns are analyzed.
NEGATIVE PHRASEOLOGY WITH THE LEXEME «WHITE» IN THE KYRGYZ LANGUAGE
Authors:   Bishkek Humanities University named after K. Karasaev, Estebesova Perizat
Published: February 2024

This article examines negative word combinations formed by the lexeme «white», noting that colors have different meanings and meanings depending on the way of life, worldview, customs, traditions, and national mentality of each nation. Although the color «white» has a positive meaning in the Kyrgyz language, such as kindness, honesty, generosity, innocence, purity, the phraseology of this lexeme «white» is analyzed on the basis of examples and with negative meaning. Negative phraseology is one of the negative traits of a person - laziness, cunning, guile, quarrels, and so on; is expressed by nouns, adjectives, and verbs, and of these the most common is the adjective phraseology.
PROBLEMS OF THE COTTON PROCESSING INDUSTRY OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC AND THE WAYS TO SOLVE THEM
Authors:   Osh Technological University named after M.M. Adyshev, Abdiev Murat , Parpieva Fatima ,   Osh Technological University named after M.M. Adyshev, Ismailov Akimzhan ,   Kyrgyz-Uzbek International University
Published: February 2024

The proposed scientific article explores the problems in the cotton processing industry of the cotton complex of the Kyrgyz Republic (KR) and ways to solve them, clarifying their theoretical and practical provisions. The subject of the study is the cotton processing industry of the Kyrgyz Republic, and the purpose of the study is to assess the cotton processing industry, identify problems in this industry and ways to solve them. According to the results of the study based on the assessment of the cotton processing industry, the definition of problems suggested ways of their development in the context of integration. In the process of research, methods of system analysis, monographic, comparative methods were used.
WAYS OF STATE REGULATION OF THE KYRGYZ AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Authors:   Bishkek Humanities University named after K. Karasaev, Abdykadyr kyzy Gulzada
Published: February 2024

The role of the state in the development of domestic agriculture. Emphasizes the need to improve the system of state regulation of the agro-industrial complex of Kyrgyzstan with the account of world experience, orientation to the social development of the village, increasing the competitiveness of production, production and production. State regulation of agriculture in the economy is considered in several areas of antitrust policy, implemented through tax, budgetary and anti-crisis plans, as well as the issues of regulating credit, pricing, pricing and pricing. In land relations, economic and environmental issues and management issues are studied.
THE PROBLEM OF GENDER İNEQUALİTY İN THE MODERN WORLD
Authors:   Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn, Abykeeva-Sultanalieva Taalaigul , Soyuzbek Gulgaky ,   Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn, Tilekmatov Eldiyar ,   Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn
Published: February 2024

Modern society is characterized by a tendency towards convergence of the roles and status positions of men and women both in society and in the family. As a result, gender socialization (social relations between men and women) has become one of the main problems of this century. The process of transformation of traditional gender values is global in nature and extends to societies and states with different national, cultural and geographical characteristics. The global vector of gender transformation does not mean the erasure of differences between the sexes, but the denial of the gender hierarchy and the existing power and subordination.
ISSUES OF ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF STATE CIVIL SERVANTS
Authors:   Kyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov, Akunov Aalybek , Kenzhematova Kyial ,   Ministry of Culture, Information, Sports and Youth Policy of the Kyrgyz Republic,   Academy of Public Administration under The President of the Kyrgyz Republic named after Zh. Abdrahmanov
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the issues of improving the formation of a system for evaluating the professional activities of state civil servants of the Kyrgyz Republic are considered. The study, based on regulatory legal acts and fundamental works of scientists, covered the issues of improving the professional activities of public civil servants, attracting decent personnel, and creating better conditions for their career advancement. The institution of public service has a direct impact on the development of the state, the impact should always be positive. Therefore, for the proper promotion of public administration policy, it is proposed to develop and test a new productive and effective system for evaluating the professional activities of public civil servants.
THE ROLE OF KANYKEI'S IMAGE IN EDUCATING YOUNG PEOPLE SPIRITUALLY AND MORALLY
Authors:   Kyrgyz National Agrarian University named after K.I. Skryabin, Batakanova Svetlana
Published: February 2024

The scientific article highlights the invaluable properties of the mother. It is affirmed that all the most sacred things in the world are transmitted through the mother. It is said that nothing can compare to a mother's love and purity, because a mother bears the hardships of humanity like the earth. It is noted that through the mother's generosity, mercy, tolerance, forgiveness, and patience qualities, mothers, in general, bring the light of the nation to the nation, do not leave the earth's axis, the pillar of the world is attached to the earth's roots and stands firmly. The article proves that Sovetbek Baigaziev's book "The Manas epic: Kanykey's great love and the spiritual, moral, patriotic lessons of his image" is very relevant for today and has great educational value for young people.
KYRGYZ WOMEN ARE RESEARCHERS IN THE HUMANITIES
Authors:   Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn, Baibosunova Gulzat
Published: February 2024

This article examines the role of a female researcher in humanitarian education and in Kyrgyz society. That today a woman has a special status in society. It not only deals with domestic life, but also is the impetus for many socio-economic, spiritual and moral manifestations in society. From time immemorial, a Kyrgyz woman has been the keeper of the hearth and comfort in the house. The nomadic way of life, patriarchal tribal life, the introduction of pastoralism, as well as socio-economic transformations influenced the status and role of women in society. A woman in a Kyrgyz family raised children, did housework, but gradually began to actively participate in public work. Through the upbringing of her children, the Kyrgyz woman managed to instill love for the Motherland, respect for elders, and observance of traditions and customs.
THE PROBLEM OF GENDER IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT
Authors:   Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after B. N. Yeltsin, Bektanova Aigul
Published: February 2024

The article examines the etymology of the word "gender" and gives a definition of this concept. A comparative historical and philosophical analysis of various approaches to gender issues is carried out. The closeness of views on gender issues of Plato and Ibn-Rusht, on the one hand, and Aristotle and Ibn-Sina, on the other hand, is noted. It is concluded that the views of patriarchal philosophy dominated on gender issues until the 18th century. It is noted that the English writer Mary Wollstonecraft opposed the traditions of patriarchal philosophy. Her ideas were supported by French utopians and Marxists. The theoretical basis of feminism and gender equality in the period of modernism and postmodernism was the views of F. Nietzsche, Z. Freud, T. Parsons, R. Bales. It is indicated that the most prominent representative of feminism of this period was the French writer and philosopher-existentialist Simone de Beauvoir.
DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY AND GENDER EQUALITY: PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO OVERCOME
Authors:   Osh State University, Bektasheva Asel ,   Higher School of International Education Programs
Published: February 2024

In the process of developing the digital economy, developed countries that are making the transition to a new technological order are facing an increasing number of social risks, one of which is the increase in gender inequality in the sphere of labor and society as a whole. The main goal of the article is to reveal the problem of gender inequality in the modern society of Kyrgyzstan. The article examines the employment of women and men in the economy, wage differentiation, and the level of unemployment by gender and participation in the digital economy and in STEM professions. In conclusion, measures to overcome gender inequality in modern digital society were proposed.
SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM OF WOMEN AND FAMILY
Authors:   Jalal-Abad State University named after B.Osmonov, Doranova Aigul
Published: February 2024

The scientific article presented to the public contains a philosophical analysis of the problems of women and the family. The family is defined as the most ancient social institution, its importance in society, its legitimacy, the recognition of women's dignity with the advent of matriarchy and the inheritance of the child by the mother, changes in family issues in later times were subjected to scientific analysis. It was researched and revealed that the family passes through several stages in its development, is distinguished by binding features of generations, the birth of the family as a social phenomenon is studied, the family is more or less "stable" in its development, accompanied by maturation and moments of the end of family life. The role of women in the preservation of family values and the formation of the future generation as an individual has been particularly appreciated and strengthened by the folk poet Jenizhok.