bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical, demographic, and genetic risk factors of treatment‐attributed suicidality in >10,000 Australian adults taking antidepressants
Authors: Campos Adrian I. , Byrne Enda M. , Iorfino Frank , Fabbri Chiara , Hickie Ian B. , Lewis Cathryn M. , Wray Naomi R. , Medland Sarah E. , Rentería Miguel E. , Martin Nicholas G.
Published: July 2022

Emergence of suicidal symptoms has been reported as a potential antidepressant adverse drug reaction. Identifying risk factors associated could increase our understanding of this phenomenon and stratify individuals at higher risk. Logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors of self‐reported treatment‐attributed suicidal ideation (TASI). We then employed classifiers to test the predictive ability of the variables identified. A TASI GWAS, as well as SNP‐based heritability estimation, were performed. GWAS replication was sought from an independent study. Significant associations were found for age and comorbid conditions, including bipolar and personality disorders. Participants reporting TASI from one antidepressant were more likely to report TASI from other antidepressants. No genetic loci associated with TAS I (p < 5e‐8) were identified. Of 32 independent variants with suggestive association (p < 1e‐5), 27 lead SNPs were available in a replication dataset from the GENDEP study. Only one variant showed a consistent effect and nominal association in the independent replication sample. Classifiers were able to stratify non‐TASI from TASI participants (AUC = 0.77) and those reporting treatment‐attributed suicide attempts (AUC = 0.85). The pattern of TASI co‐occurrence across participants suggest nonspecific factors underlying its etiology. These findings provide insights into the underpinnings of TASI and serve as a proof‐of‐concept of the use of classifiers for risk stratification.
Synergy of Weakly‐Solvated Electrolyte and Optimized Interphase Enables Graphite Anode Charge at Low Temperature
Authors: Yang Yang , Fang Zhong , Yin Yue , Cao Yongjie , Wang Yonggang , Dong Xiaoli , Xia Yongyao
Published: July 2022

Graphite anode suffers from great capacity loss and even fails to charge (i.e. Li+‐intercalation) under low temperature, mainly arising from the large overpotential including sluggish de‐solvation process and insufficient ions movement in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, an electrolyte is developed by utilizing weakly solvated molecule ethyl trifluoroacetate and film‐forming fluoroethylene carbonate to achieve smooth de‐solvation and high ionic conductivity at low temperature. Evolution of SEI formed at different temperatures is further investigated to propose an effective room‐temperature SEI formation strategy for low‐temperature operations. The synergetic effect of tamed electrolyte and optimized SEI enables graphite with a reversible charge/discharge capacity of 183 mAh g−1at −30 °C and fast‐charging up to 6C‐rate at room temperature. Moreover, graphite||LiFePO4full cell maintains a capacity retention of 78 % at −30 °C, and 37 % even at a super‐low temperature of −60 °C. This work offers a progressive insight towards fast‐charging and low‐temperature batteries.
A Desilylative Approach to Alkyl Substituted C(1)‐Ammonium Enolates: Application in Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Wang Yihong , Young Claire M. , Liu Honglei , Hartley Will C. , Wienhold Max , Cordes David. B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: July 2022

The catalytic generation of C(1)‐ammonium enolates from the corresponding α‐silyl‐α‐alkyl substituted carboxylic acids using the isothiourea HyperBTM is reported. This desilylative approach grants access to α‐unsubstituted and α‐alkyl substituted C(1)‐ammonium enolates, which are typically difficult to access through traditional methods reliant upon deprotonation. The scope and limitations of this process is established in enantioselective [2+2]‐cycloaddition processes with perfluoroalkylketones (31 examples, up to 96 % yield and >99 : 1 er), as well as selective [2+2]‐cycloaddition with trifluoromethyl enones (4 examples, up to 75 % yield and >99 : 1 er). Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate this process proceeds through an initial kinetic resolution of an in situ prepared (±)‐α‐silyl‐α‐alkyl substituted anhydride, while the reaction process exhibits overall pseudo zero‐order kinetics.
Atomically Dispersed Pentacoordinated‐Zirconium Catalyst with Axial Oxygen Ligand for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Xia , An Yun , Liu Lifeng , Fang Lingzhe , Liu Yannan , Zhang Jiaxu , Qi Haoyuan , Heine Thomas , Li Tao , Kuc Agnieszka , Yu Minghao , Feng Xinliang
Published: July 2022

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs), as promising alternatives to Pt‐based catalysts, suffer from the limited choice of center metals and low single‐atom loading. Here, we report a pentacoordinated Zr‐based SAC with nontrivial axial O ligands (denoted O−Zr−N−C) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The O ligand downshifts the d‐band center of Zr and confers Zr sites with stable local structure and proper adsorption capability for intermediates. Consequently, the ORR performance of O−Zr−N−C prominently surpasses that of commercial Pt/C, achieving a half‐wave potential of 0.91 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode and outstanding durability (92 % current retention after 130‐hour operation). Moreover, the Zr site shows good resistance towards aggregation, enabling the synthesis of Zr‐based SAC with high loading (9.1 wt%). With the high‐loading catalyst, the zinc‐air battery (ZAB) delivers a record‐high power density of 324 mW cm−2 among those of SAC‐based ZABs.
Between Elemental Match and Mismatch: From K12Ge3.5Sb6 to Salts of (Ge2Sb2)2−, (Ge4Sb12)4−, and (Ge4Sb14)4−
Authors: Beuthert Katrin , Pan Fuxing , Guggolz Lukas , Wilson Robert J. , Hempelmann Jan , Dronskowski Richard , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: July 2022

The solid mixture “K2GeSb” was shown to comprise single‐crystalline K12Ge3.5Sb6 (1), a double salt of K5[GeSb3] with carbonate‐like [GeSb3]5− anions, and the metallic Zintl phase K2Ge1.5. Extraction of 1 with ethane‐1,2‐diamine in the presence of crypt‐222 afforded [K(crypt‐222)]+ salts of several novel binary Zintl anions: (Ge2Sb2)2− (in 2), (Ge4Sb12)4− (in 3), and in the presence of [AuMePPh3] also (Ge4Sb14)4− (in 4). The anion in 2 represents a predicted, yet heretofore missing pseudo‐tetrahedral anion. 4 comprises a cluster analogous to (Ge4Bi14)4− and (Ga2Bi16)4−, and thus one of the most Sb‐rich binary p‐block anions. The unprecedented cluster topology in 3 can be viewed as a defect‐version of the one in 4 upon following a “dead end” of cluster growth. The findings indicate that Ge and Sb atoms are at the border of a well‐matching and a mismatch elemental combination. We discuss the syntheses, the geometric structures, and the electronic structures of the new compounds.
An Ultramicroporous Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Exhibiting High C2H2/CO2Separation
Authors: Yang Yisi , Zhang Hao , Yuan Zhen , Wang Jia‐Qi , Xiang Fahui , Chen Liangji , Wei Fangfang , Xiang Shengchang , Chen Banglin , Zhang Zhangjing
Published: July 2022

The separation of C2H2/CO2is not only industrially important for acetylene purification but also great scientific challenge due to their very similar molecular size and physical properties. To address this difficulty, herein, we present an ultramicroporous hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF‐FJU‐1) from tetracyano bicarbazole to separate C2H2from CO2by taking advantage of differences in their electrostatic potential distribution. This material possesses a suitable pore environment and electrostatic potential distribution fitting well to C2H2, thus showing extra strong affinity to C2H2(46.73 kJ mol−1) and the highest IAST selectivity of 6675 for C2H2/CO2separation among the adsorbents reported. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that the suitable pore environment in HOF‐FJU‐1 provides multiple C−H⋅⋅⋅π and hydrogen‐bonded interactions N⋅⋅⋅H−C with C2H2molecules. Dynamic breakthrough experiments demonstrate its outstanding separation performance to C2H2/CO2mixtures.
Elucidating CO2 Hydrogenation over In2O3 Nanoparticles using Operando UV/Vis and Impedance Spectroscopies
Authors: Ziemba Marc , Radtke Mariusz , Schumacher Leon , Hess Christian
Published: July 2022

In2O3 has emerged as a promising catalyst for CO2 activation, but a fundamental understanding of its mode of operation in CO2 hydrogenation is still missing, as the application of operando vibrational spectroscopy is challenging due to absorption effects. In this mechanistic study, we systematically address the redox processes related to the reverse water‐gas shift reaction (rWGSR) over In2O3 nanoparticles, both at the surface and in the bulk. Based on temperature‐dependent operando UV/Vis spectra and a novel operando impedance approach for thermal powder catalysts, we propose oxidation by CO2 as the rate‐determining step for the rWGSR. The results are consistent with redox processes, whereby hydrogen‐containing surface species are shown to exhibit a promoting effect. Our findings demonstrate that oxygen/hydrogen dynamics, in addition to surface processes, are important for the activity, which is expected to be of relevance not only for In2O3 but also for other reducible oxide catalysts.
Numerical simulation of polymethyl‐methacrylate supercritical fluid foaming process: Bubble growth dynamics
Authors: Zhu Yuxuan , Liu Qiwen , Zhang Ruizhi , Cao Peng , Luo Guoqiang , Yuan Huan , Zhang Jian , Sun Yi , Shen Qiang
Published: July 2022

Control of cell structure is an important factor of fabricating polymer foam, which is related to technological design and product performance. In this article, a multibubble growth model of polymethyl‐methacrylate (PMMA) is established based on supercritical fluid foaming method and fluid simulation, aiming to analyze and predict the effects of foaming conditions (foaming temperature and foaming pressure) on the cell structures of PMMA foams. The bubble growth process is endothermic, resulting in a drop of temperature in PMMA/CO2 system, a decrease in diffusion coefficient and an increase in surface tension and viscosity, thereby preventing bubble growth. The pressure in the outer cells decreases faster than the pressure in the inner cells, causing the outer cells preferentially grow and deform, and will limit the growth of the inner cells. An empirical formula for the average cell size and foaming conditions is obtained.
Barriers to integrating diagnostic services for febrile illness to support surveillance and patient management in Asia‐Pacific
Authors: Gwaza Gamuchirai Pamela , Lamy Marie , Datta Rittika , Dittrich Sabine
Published: July 2022

As malaria cases continue to decline in Asia, an integrated service delivery approach is ever more urgent to ensure that no malaria and fever cases are missed, and that malaria health workers continue contributing to broader infectious disease control efforts. However, despite its perceived merit, translating integrated surveillance into practice poses several systemic challenges. This article aims to identify what is hindering improved processes for integrating diagnostic and surveillance services for febrile illnesses. Data from peer‐reviewed and grey literature were reviewed using a systems approach based on the World Health Organisation health systems building blocks to fully understand the connections between different elements and system implications of integration. We include snippets from Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia and Nepal, highlighting expanded diagnostic integration best practices. This review provides a foundation for ‘integration roadmaps’ that can be adapted to different contexts and guide national stakeholders on the operational and political steps for a successful integration model. Such a model can support malaria elimination efforts and serve as a public health tool in the context of disease surveillance and regional health security.
Electrochemical, Photophysical, Morphological and DFT Study of Polymorphic Sn(IV)‐Porphyrins Containing Fluorinated Axial Ligand
Authors: Siddiqui Rafia , Sharma Niharika , Chakraborty Arnab , Shivam Kumar , Patra Sayan , Rani Jyoti , Dhamija Swati , Mukherjee Monalisa , Titi Hatem M. , Patra Ranjan
Published: July 2022

In this study, we report the polymorphism of six coordinated Sn(IV)‐ tetrabromophenyl porphyrins axially armed with fluorine‐substituted phenolate ligands (structural formula [Sn(TBrPP)2+(A−)2], where A is the axial ligand=3,5‐difluoro phenol, compound 1). One form stabilizes in triclinic system (namely, 1α), and the other stabilizes in monoclinic system (namely, 1β). The two 1α and 1β polymorphs display distinct photophysical and morphological properties in the solid state. X‐ray diffraction study reveals that these polymorphs 1α and 1β significantly differ in their supramolecular architecture, different axial phenolate conformations, and noncovalent interactions, which are responsible for their distinct solid‐state properties. The crystal packing of these polymorphs dominates by intermolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅F, C−H⋅⋅⋅π and C−Br⋅⋅⋅F interhalogen interactions. Furthermore, the solid‐state emission spectra of 1α showed red‐shifted emission bands with respect to 1β, in addition the redox behavior of 1α is slightly different in comparison to 1β. Complementary theoretical studies with Hirshfeld surface analysis show the definite role of Br⋅⋅⋅F interhalogen interactions in the overall stability. Mapping the electrostatic potential isosurfaces with the aid of density functional theory in compound 1 clearly shows the presence of σ‐hole, a requisite feature to show halogen interactions in the crystalline state. In addition, lattice energy and single point energy calculation shows that 1α was found to be energetically more favorable and thermodynamically more stable compare to 1β.
Elucidation of Noble Gas Cluster Configurations Bound on Graphdiyne: A Metaheuristic Approach
Authors: John Chris , Rajeevan Megha , Swathi Rotti Srinivasamurthy
Published: July 2022

Graphynes are a class of all‐carbon two‐dimensional membranes that have been intensely researched for various membrane‐based technologies on account of their unique pore architectures. Herein, we report an investigation of the mechanism and energetics of adsorption of noble gases (He, Ne and Ar) on graphdiyne (GDY), the most popular form of graphynes. Two global optimization techniques, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution are employed to predict the putative global minima configurations of rare gas clusters in the size range 1–30 when adsorbed on GDY. We use the 12–6 Lennard‐Jones potential to represent the pairwise non‐covalent interactions between various interacting atoms. Initially, the gas atoms adsorb as monolayers on GDY at the centers of the triangular pores until all the triangular pores are filled. This is followed by a second layer formation on top of the hexagonal pore centers or on top of the C−C bonds. The findings from the empirical approach are further validated by performing density functional theory calculations on the predicted adsorbed cluster configurations. We have also looked into the adsorption of noble gas clusters on bilayer GDY systems and have found that the intercalation of gas atoms within the bilayers is feasible. Our study suggests that the stochastic nature of the swarm intelligence technique, PSO can assist in an effective search of the potential energy surfaces for the global minima, eventually enabling large‐scale simulations.
Co‐immobilization of multiple enzymes on ferromagnetic nanoparticles for the depolymerization of xyloglucan
Authors: Soares Jessica M. , Carneiro Lara A. B. C. , Barreto Matheus Q. , Ward Richard J.
Published: July 2022

Xyloglucan (XG) is an abundant polysaccharide in plant cell walls and some seeds and requires at least four different enzymes for complete depolymerization. Recombinant xyloglucanase from Aspergillus niveus (XegA), α‐xylosidase from Escherichia coli (YicI), β‐galactosidase from Hypocrea jecorina (Bga1) and β‐glucosidase from H. jecorina (Bgl1) were covalently immobilized individually and in combination on chitosan‐coated ferromagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with glutaraldehyde. All immobilized enzymes presented reduced specific catalytic activity, where immobilized YicI, XegA, Bga1 and Bgl1 retained 14.9, 76.9, 29.5 and 6.6% activity as compared with the free enzymes, respectively. Immobilized and free enzymes presented similar optimum catalytic pH and optimum catalytic temperatures differed by ±10°C between the free and immobilized enzymes. Bga1 and Bgl1 presented decreased maximum catalytic temperatures (Topt), while YicI presented an increased Topt. The Topt of XegA remained unaltered. Mass spectrometry confirmed that nanoparticles carrying all four co‐immobilized enzymes degraded XG to glucose, galactose and xylose, and higher proportions of co‐immobilized Bgl1 and XegA resulted in higher XG saccharification. Although levels of Bgl1 activity were limiting, five re‐use cycles of the co‐immobilized enzymes were demonstrated, providing proof‐of‐principle for the use of a four‐component multienzyme nanoparticle in the breakdown of a complex polysaccharide. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Take steps to prevent adverse impact on students with disabilities
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: July 2022

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance, mirrors Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, which prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex and race, respectively (29 U.S.C. 794; 20 U.S.C. 1681; and 42 U.S.C. 2000(d)).
Predictive value of clinical characteristics on risk and prognosis of synchronous brain metastases in small‐cell lung cancer patients: A population‐based study
Authors: Zhou Gang , Zhang Zhiyuan , Yu Peng , Geng Ruixuan , Wang Guige , Ma Wenbin , Gao Jun , Zheng Zhibo , Li Yongning
Published: July 2022

Background

Patients with small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) have a high incidence of synchronous brain metastases (SBM) and a poor prognosis, which causes a heavy burden of morbidity and mortality. A better understanding of the demographic and tumor‐specific characteristics of these patients is critical to guiding clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive and prognostic value of the clinical characteristics of SCLC patients with SBM at initial diagnosis.

Methods

This is a retrospective study based on the data in the latest Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) version which was released in 2021 for patients diagnosed with SCLC in the presence or absence of SBM from 2010 to 2018. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of the presence of SBM at the initial diagnosis. Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression models were built to compare the prognosis of patients with different clinical characteristics and treatments.

Results

A total of 33,169 SCLC patients were enrolled in this study, including 5711 (17.2%) patients with SBM and 27,458 (82.8%) patients without SBM. Patients who are black(HR = 1.313, 95% CI = 1.167–1.478, p < 0.001), higher T stage (T2, HR = 1.193, 95%CI = 1.065–1.348, p = 0.005; T3, HR = 1.169, 95%CI = 1.029–1.327, p = 0.016; T4, HR = 1.259, 95%CI = 1.117–1.418, p < 0.001), lung metastases (HR = 1.434, 95%CI = 1.294–1.588, p < 0.001) and bone metastases (HR = 1.311, 95% CI = 1.205–1.426, p < 0.001) had greater odds of SBM at initial diagnosis. The median overall survival (OS) for SCLC patients with SBM was 5.0 months. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that age ≥ 65 (HR = 1.164, 95% CI = 1.086–1.247, p < 0.025), singled (HR = 1.095, 95% CI = 1.020–1.174, p = 0.012), higher T stage (T3, HR = 1.265, 95% CI = 1.123–1.425, p < 0.001; T4, HR = 1.192, 95% CI = 1.066–1.332, p = 0.002), higher N stage (N2, HR = 1.347, 95%CI = 1.214–1.494, p < 0.001; N3, HR = 1.452, 95%CI = 1.292–1.632, p < 0.001), liver metastases (HR = 1.415, 95%CI = 1.306–1.533, p < 0.001), and bone metastases (adjusted HR = 1.126, 95%CI = 1.039–1.221, p = 0.004). Analysis of treatment regimens showed that patients who received combinational treatment exhibited longer OS than chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone, and surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy exhibited the longest OS.

Conclusions

In this study, we identified risk factors for SBM in SCLC patients and prognostic indicators among this patient population. We also found that patients who received different therapeutic strategies exhibited significant difference on OS, which will provide evidence‐based support for treatment options.
An orange peel‐like nodule on the back: A case of Wells syndrome
Authors: Baklouti Massara , Sellami Khadija , Triki Meriam , Masmoudi Abderrahman , Sellami Tahya , Turki Hamida
Published: July 2022

Wells syndrome is a rare eosinophilic syndrome, associating inflammatory lesions, suggestive histological images and frequent eosinophilia. Wells syndrome is characterized by multiplicity of anatomoclinical forms. Clinically, lesions may be urticarial, annular, papulonodular, papulovesicular or bullous. On histopathology, the flame aspect is by no means specific and late.
Friend or foe—The Pfizer‐BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccination: A case report of reversible acute acalculous cholecystitis
Authors: Wahlen Bianca Maria , Peralta Ruben , Al‐Thani Hassan , El‐Menyar Ayman
Published: July 2022

We described a rare case of vaccine‐induced acalculous cholecystitis (ACC). A 52‐year‐old female developed ACC after 8 h of receiving a 3rd dose of the Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccination. The symptoms subsided completely with conservative treatment for 12 days, and the ultrasound and laboratory findings went back to normal.
Anthocyanin Partition in Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems Based on Isopropanol and Sodium/Ammonium Sulfate
Authors: Caldeira Ana Clara Rocha , Converti Attilio , Naves deMoraes Moysés , Teles deFaria Janaína
Published: July 2022

Partitioning of anthocyanins contained in the crude extract of Syzygium cumini fruit was investigated in aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) made up of isopropanol and Na2SO4/(NH4)2SO4. Na2SO4 induced ATPS formation more effectively than (NH4)2SO4. The increase in temperature enhanced phase separation in the (NH4)2SO4 ATPS, while the opposite occurred in the Na2SO4 ATPS. The higher the overall mixture concentration or temperature, the higher the values of tie‐line length and slope. In all systems and conditions, anthocyanins preferentially partitioned to the top phase. The partition coefficient and theoretical recovery yield in the top phase varied in the ranges 1.14–1.77 and 53.31–63.87 % in the (NH4)2SO4 ATPS, and in the ranges 1.94–21.50 and 65.90–95.55 % in the Na2SO4 ATPS.
Understanding the Anion‐Templated, OSDA‐Free, Interzeolite Conversion Synthesis of High Silica Zeolite ZK‐5**
Authors: Lozinska Magdalena M. , Bruce Elliott L. , Mattock James , Chitac Ruxandra G. , Cox Paul A. , Turrina Alessandro , Wright Paul A.
Published: July 2022

High silica zeolite ZK‐5 (framework Si/Al=4.8) has been prepared by interzeolite conversion from ultrastable zeolite Y via a co‐templating route using alkali metal cations and nitrate anions but without organic structure directing agents. The mechanism, which involves zeolite framework – alkali metal cation – nitrate anion ordering, has been established by a combination of chemical and thermal analyses, Raman spectroscopy, computational modelling, and X‐ray powder diffraction. Ammonium exchange gives ZK‐5 with occluded ammonium nitrate and subsequent heating gives microporous zeolite ZK‐5.
Bed expansion of binary mixtures of irregular particles in solid–liquid fluidization: Experimental, empirical correlation, and GA‐ANN modelling
Authors: Let Sudipta , Bar Nirjhar , Basu Ranjan Kumar , Das Sudip Kumar
Published: July 2022

Expansion behaviour for a bed of binary mixture of the irregularly shaped particle in Newtonian liquid was measured in two different circular columns. Variations in the physical parameters on the expansion behaviour have been reported. Bed expansion increases with an increase in liquid velocity and a decrease in particle diameter. Static bed height and expansion of the bed are low for higher diameter columns. An empirical correlation has been developed for predicting the ratio of bed height at the fluidized condition to the initial bed height as a function of the physical and dynamic variables related to the system for the binary particle mixtures. The correlation coefficient and variance of the estimate are 0.9299 and 0.0013, respectively, which is acceptable statistical accuracy. A hybrid of the genetic algorithm and neural network modelling for the prediction of the same has also been attempted where the input parameters are optimized using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. With a relative error of 1.46%, the genetic algorithm performed well. So, the modelling has successfully predicted the bed height ratio at fluidized conditions to the initial bed height.
Predictive model for bleeding after gastric submucosal dissection before and after guidelines: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Saito Keita , Nagumo Hironobu , Ashikawa Takashi , Funato Tomoyuki , Nakaji So , Matsui Hiroki
Published: July 2022

Objectives

In July 2017, supplementary guidelines on anticoagulants, including direct oral anticoagulants, were published in Japan. We investigated the changes in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of gastric mucosal lesions after the publication of the supplement, examined the risk factors, and developed a predictive model for post‐ESD bleeding.

Methods

We included 2272 gastric ESD cases from our hospital between May 2003 and June 2021 and classified them into two groups: 1789 cases before and 483 after the publication of the supplementary guidelines. A predictive model for post‐ESD bleeding was developed using the pre‐publication cohort data.

Results

The proportion of patients receiving warfarin decreased (5.0% vs. 1.4%) and those receiving direct oral anticoagulants increased (1.2% vs. 6.8%) after the publication of the supplementary guidelines. Post‐ESD bleeding occurred in 61 patients, but there was no significant difference in the bleeding rate between the groups (50 [2.8%] vs. 11 [2.3%] patients, respectively). Five risk factors (number of antithrombotic agents, dialysis, heparin replacement, resection specimen size, and procedure time) were identified for model development. The C‐statistic for the model and post‐publication cohorts were 0.83 and 0.72, respectively. In the model, each risk factor for postoperative bleeding was scored, and the risk was classified into three levels according to the total score. Bleeding rates at low, intermediate, and high risks were 1.6%, 10.3%, and 38.9%, respectively.

Conclusion

Despite changes in patient characteristics and clinical practice regarding ESD before and after the publication of the supplementary guidelines, we could still develop a simple and useful predictive model.
Key challenges for in vitro testing of tobacco products for regulatory applications: Recommendations for dosimetry
Authors: Miller‐Holt Jacqueline , Behrsing Holger , Crooks Ian , Curren Rodger , Demir Kubilay , Gafner Jeremie , Gillman Gene , Hollings Michael , Leverette Robert , Oldham Michael , Simms Liam , Stankowski Leon F. , Thorne David , Wieczorek Roman , Moore Martha M.
Published: July 2022

The Institute for In Vitro Sciences (IIVS) is sponsoring a series of workshops to develop recommendations for optimal scientific and technical approaches for conducting in vitro assays to assess potential toxicity within and across tobacco and various next‐generation products (NGPs) including heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs). This publication was developed by a working group of the workshop members in conjunction with the sixth workshop in that series entitled “Dosimetry for conducting in vitro evaluations” and focuses on aerosol dosimetry for aerosol exposure to combustible cigarettes, HTP, and ENDS aerosolized tobacco products and summarizes the key challenges as well as documenting areas for future research.
Tracking global invasion pathways of the spongy moth (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) to the United States using stable isotopes as endogenous biomarkers
Authors: Freistetter Nadine‐Cyra , Simmons Gregory S. , Wu Yunke , Finger David C. , Hood‐Nowotny Rebecca
Published: July 2022

The spread of invasive insect species causes enormous ecological damage and economic losses worldwide. A reliable method that tracks back an invaded insect's origin would be of great use to entomologists, phytopathologists, and pest managers. The spongy moth (Lymantria dispar, Linnaeus 1758) is a persistent invasive pest in the Northeastern United States and periodically causes major defoliations in temperate forests. We analyzed field‐captured (Europe, Asia, United States) and laboratory‐reared L. dispar specimens for their natal isotopic hydrogen and nitrogen signatures imprinted in their biological tissues (δ2H and δ15N) and compared these values to the long‐term mean δ2H of regional precipitation (Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation) and δ15N of regional plants at the capture site. We established the percentage of hydrogen–deuterium exchange for L. dispar tissue (Pex = 8.2%) using the comparative equilibration method and two‐source mixing models, which allowed the extraction of the moth's natal δ2H value. We confirmed that the natal δ2H and δ15N values of our specimens are related to the environmental signatures at their geographic origins. With our regression models, we were able to isolate potentially invasive individuals and give estimations of their geographic origin. To enable the application of these methods on eggs, we established an egg‐to‐adult fraction factor for L. dispar (Δegg‐adult = 16.3 ± 4.3‰). Our models suggested that around 25% of the field‐captured spongy moths worldwide were not native in the investigated capture sites. East Asia was the most frequently identified location of probable origin. Furthermore, our data suggested that eggs found on cargo ships in the United States harbors in Alaska, California, and Louisiana most probably originated from Asian L. dispar in East Russia. These findings show that stable isotope biomarkers give a unique insight into invasive insect species pathways, and thus, can be an effective tool to monitor the spread of insect pest epidemics.
MODY probability calculator utility in individuals' selection for genetic testing: Its accuracy and performance
Authors: da Silva Santos Tiago , Fonseca Liliana , Santos Monteiro Sílvia , Borges Duarte Diana , Martins Lopes Ana , Couto de Carvalho André , Oliveira Maria João , Borges Teresa , Laranjeira Francisco , Couce María Luz , Cardoso Maria Helena
Published: July 2022

Introduction

MODY probability calculator (MPC) represents an easy‐to‐use tool developed by Exeter University to help clinicians prioritize which individuals should be oriented to genetic testing. We aimed to assess the utility of MPC in a Portuguese cohort with early‐onset monogenic diabetes.

Methods

This single‐centre retrospective study enrolled 132 participants submitted to genetic testing between 2015 and 2020. Automatic sequencing and, in case of initial negative results, generation sequencing were performed. MODY probability was calculated using the probability calculator available online. Positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the calculator were determined for this cohort.

Results

Seventy‐three individuals were included according to inclusion criteria: 20 glucokinase (GCK‐MODY); 16 hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF1A‐MODY); 2 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A‐MODY) and 35 DM individuals with no monogenic mutations found. The median probability score of MODY was significantly higher in monogenic diabetes‐positive subgroup (75.5% vs. 24.2%, p < .001). The discriminative accuracy of the calculator, as expressed by area under the curve, was 75% (95% CI: 64%–85%). In our cohort, the best cut‐off value for the MODY calculator was found to be 36%, with a PPV of 74.4%, NPV of 73.5% and corresponding sensitivity and specificity of 76.2% and 71.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

In a highly pre‐selected group of probands qualified for genetic testing, the Exeter MODY probability calculator provided a useful tool in individuals' selection for genetic testing, with good discrimination ability under an optimal probability cut‐off of 36%. Further geographical and population adjustments are warranted for general use.
Emerging Study on Lead‐Free Hybrid Double Perovskite (CH3NH3)2AgInBr6: Potential Material for Energy Conversion between Heat and Electricity
Authors: Rani Upasana , Kamlesh Peeyush Kumar , Agrawal Rohit , Shukla Akash , Singh Verma Ajay
Published: July 2022

Minimal cost, huge area, high throughput, high performance of photovoltaic panels, prolonged lifespan, and less toxicity are vital aspects when transitioning photovoltaic technology from lab‐scale production to industrial implementations. A new class of materials typically known as hybrid halide double perovskites (HHDPs) has emerged as a possible alternative for the replacement of toxic lead in crystal lattice for realizing lead‐free, stable, and high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). An ab initio analysis of (MA)2AgInBr6 HHDP via the WIEN2K code is conducted. It is found that this material has a direct bandgap of 3.85 eV having excellent optical properties in the UV region. The calculated thermodynamic parameters confirm its thermal stability at different temperatures and pressure. Its figure of merit is more than unity at room temperature as well as higher temperature ranges, so this material will be useful in thermoelectric (TE) devices as a TE material.
Building energy model validation and estimation using heating and cooling degree days (HDD–CDD) based on accurate base temperature
Authors: Mehregan Mahmood , Naminezhad Alireza , Vakili Sajjad , Delpisheh Mostafa
Published: July 2022

A great deal of energy used in buildings is directed toward heating, ventilation, and air‐conditioning (HVAC). The key procedure in reducing heating and cooling loads is the creation of a baseline model that represents a theoretical version of the building. This allows multiple scenarios to balance the lowest retrofit cost with the lowest annual energy cost. This study emphasizes establishing an energy consumption model and energy benchmarks for a commercial building located in Shiraz, Iran. The energy‐related data are gathered for 3 years based on real values from billing receipts. Herein, two distinct approaches are integrated; forward and inverse methods. In the forward method, building energy consumption is predicted based on building performance and specifications, geometry, location, and air conditioning system. In the reverse method, building energy consumption is evaluated using the building load coefficient and building base consumption according to effective factors such as weather data and appliance performance. Also, considering constant fixed temperatures as 18°C, and 21°C for calculating heating and cooling degree days is not correct. Thus, finding a proper and valid base temperature is the main aim of this study by examining this integrated method. The integrated application of these methods allowed determining the thermomechanical state of the building as a whole. To this end, base temperature boundaries are extracted from the energy consumption trend which grounds the need for cooling and heating. Eventually, the baseline for energy consumption of the building based on the proposed method is provided for calculating the development of methodological foundations for the design, construction, operation, and renovation of energy‐efficient buildings. The results show that according to an acceptable thermal building comfort zone of 14–18.6°C, the building achieves a 30 percent reduction in annual cooling and heating energy consumption compared to the base year.
Multivariate analysis of eshnan (Seidlitzia rosmarinus Boiss.) based on morphological characterizations
Authors: Mirheidari Farhad , Khadivi Ali
Published: July 2022

Seidlitzia rosmarinus Boiss. has been identified as one of the potential species that could be used for rehabilitating degraded desert rangelands and salt‐affected soils due to its high salinity resistance and soil‐stabilizing ability. Morphological variation of 144 accessions of this species from 14 regions of the Isfahan province, Iran was investigated. The accessions studied were significantly different in terms of the traits recorded. Three forms of plant growth habit were observed, including spreading bush, erect bush, and shrub. The range of leaf dimensions was as follows: terminal leaf length: 1.57–7.22 mm, terminal leaf width: 0.91–3.34 mm, basal leaf length: 11.84–45.27 mm, and basal leaf width: 1.32–4.18 mm. Fruit diameter (with wings) ranged from 0.19 to 12.91 mm, and 100‐fruits dry weight varied between 0.11 and 0.76 g. A dendrogram created using Euclidean distances and the Ward's method revealed two main clusters. The obtained data revealed the morphological diversity within the studied populations. The reason for such a high diversity can be explained by a low probability of gene flow among the studied accessions. This is the first report on the application of morphological characteristics in the evaluation of the phenotypic variation of S. rosmarinus. This study presented a high phenotypic diversity of S. rosmarinus germplasm that could provide useful information for conservation and selection of cross‐parents in breeding.
Venturing into uncharted territory: An extensible implied volatility surface model
Authors: François Pascal , Galarneau‐Vincent Rémi , Gauthier Geneviève , Godin Frédéric
Published: July 2022

A new factor‐based representation of implied volatility (IV) surfaces is proposed. The factors adequately capture the moneyness and maturity slopes, the smile attenuation, and the smirk. Furthermore, the IV specification is twice continuously differentiable and well‐behaved asymptotically, allowing for clean interpolation and extrapolation over a wide range of moneyness and maturity. Fitting performance on Standard and Poor's 500 options compares favorably with existing benchmarks. The benefits of a smoothed IV surface are illustrated through the valuation of illiquid index derivatives, the extraction of the risk‐neutral density and risk‐neutral moments, and the calculation of option price sensitivities.
3′RNA and whole‐genome sequencing of archival uterine leiomyomas reveal a tumor subtype with chromosomal rearrangements affecting either HMGA2, HMGA1, or PLAG1
Authors: Jokinen Vilja , Mehine Miika , Reinikka Siiri , Khamaiseh Sara , Ahvenainen Terhi , Äyräväinen Anna , Härkki Päivi , Bützow Ralf , Pasanen Annukka , Vahteristo Pia
Published: July 2022

Uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids, are very common smooth muscle tumors that arise from the myometrium. They can be divided into distinct molecular subtypes. We have previously shown that 3′RNA‐sequencing is highly effective in classifying archival formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) leiomyomas according to the underlying mutation. In this study, we performed 3′RNA‐sequencing with 111 FFPE leiomyomas previously classified as negative for driver alterations in mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12), high mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2), and fumarate hydratase (FH) by Sanger sequencing and immunohistochemistry. This revealed 43 tumors that displayed expression features typically seen in HMGA2‐positive tumors, including overexpression of PLAG1. We explored 12 such leiomyomas by whole‐genome sequencing to identify their underlying genomic drivers and to evaluate the feasibility of detecting chromosomal driver alterations from FFPE material. Four tumors with significant HMGA2 overexpression at the protein‐level served as controls. We identified chromosomal rearrangements targeting either HMGA2, HMGA1, or PLAG1 in all 16 tumors, demonstrating that it is possible to detect chromosomal driver alterations in archival leiomyoma specimens as old as 18 years. Furthermore, two tumors displayed biallelic loss of DEPDC5 and one tumor harbored a COL4A5–COL4A6 deletion. These observations suggest that instead of only HMGA2‐positive leiomyomas, a distinct leiomyoma subtype is characterized by rearrangements targeting either HMGA2, HMGA1, or PLAG1. The results indicate that the frequency of HMGA2‐positive leiomyomas may be higher than estimated in previous studies where immunohistochemistry has been used. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of detecting chromosomal driver alterations from archival FFPE material.
Outcomes of curative treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in very elderly adults ≥80 years old
Authors: Wilson Traeden , Fleischer Lindsay , Patel Shivam , Bhatnagar Anil , Ahmad Nadir , Kubicek Gregory
Published: July 2022

Background

Head and neck cancer treatment can be difficult and advancing age is associated with greater frailty. It is unclear if curative treatment for very elderly patients is beneficial. This study compared outcomes to curative treatment in patients ≥80 aged with HNSCC to patients aged 70–79.

Methods

Retrospective study of 114 patients diagnosed with HNSCC. Overall survival (OS), Disease‐Free Survival (DFS), and local‐regional control (LRC) were compared and adjusted for confounders.

Results

Patients aged 70–79 had a higher median OS (35 months [95% CI, 19.58–50.42]) compared with patients aged ≥80 (19 months [11.72–26.28]; p = 0.008) but similar DFS and LRC. KPS < 90 was the stand‐alone independent prognostic factor for OS (HR = 2.14 [1.05–4.38]).

Conclusion

Very elderly HNSCC patients (aged ≥80) can have favorable outcomes with curative therapy and advanced chronological age alone should not prohibit patients from receiving treatment. Performance status may be a greater predictor of survival outcome than age alone.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Oral application of vancomycin alters murine lung microbiome and pulmonary immune responses
Authors: Pfeiffer Stefan , Jatzlauk Gregor , Lund Joni V. , Boateng Eistine , Kovacevic Draginja , N. Hylkema Machteld , Bartel Sabine , Schloter Michael , Krauss‐Etschmann Susanne
Published: July 2022

Early life exposures to antibiotics negatively impact respiratory health and are associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma. It is explained that the lung is inclined to develop chronic inflammatory phenotypes due to early antibiotic alteration in the gut microbiome. We investigated whether a gut‐targeted antibiotic has an impact on the lung microbiome and on pulmonary immunity. Fourteen‐day old C57BL/6 mice were administered with vancomycin via oral gavage for 3 days (1 time/day). Control groups were treated with clarithromycin and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), respectively. Five days after treatment, the cecum and lung microbiome, and pulmonary immune response were analyzed. Vancomycin treatment decreased the relative abundance of the genera Clostridium XIVa and Alistipes and the family Lachnospiraceae in the cecum. Furthermore, the relative abundance of the family Parabacteroidetes and the genus Lactobacillus were increased, whereas the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes was decreased. In the lung, vancomycin treatment reduced bacteria belonging to Clostridium XIVa and the family Lachnospiraceae as compared to those in the clarithromycin treated group. Lung cells from the vancomycin‐treated mice released higher levels of interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐13 compared to those from the PBS group, and increased levels of IL‐6, IFN‐γ, and TNFα compared to lung cells from the clarithromycin and PBS treated mice. Our pilot study suggests that alteration in the gut microbiome could affect bacterial composition and immunity of the lung hence proposes a gut–lung microbiome axis in early life.
PPARgamma agonism inhibits progression of premalignant lesions in a murine lung squamous cell carcinoma model
Authors: Dwyer‐Nield Lori D. , McArthur Debbie G. , Hudish Tyler M. , Hudish Laura I. , Mirita Carol , Sompel Kayla , Smith Alex J. , Alavi Kiana , Ghosh Moumita , Merrick Daniel T. , Tennis Meredith A. , Keith Robert L.
Published: July 2022

The N‐nitroso‐trischloroethylurea (NTCU)‐induced mouse model of squamous lung carcinoma recapitulates human disease from premalignant dysplasia through invasive tumors, making it suitable for preclinical chemoprevention drug testing. Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist shown to prevent lung tumors in preclinical models. We investigated pioglitazone's effect on lesion development and markers of potential preventive mechanisms in the NTCU model. Female FVB/N mice were exposed to vehicle, NTCU or NTCU + oral pioglitazone for 32 weeks. NTCU induces the appearance of basal cells in murine airways while decreasing/changing their epithelial cell makeup, resulting in development of bronchial dysplasia. H&E and keratin 5 (KRT5) staining were used to detect and grade squamous lesions in formalin fixed lungs. mRNA expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and basal cell markers were measured by qPCR. Dysplasia persistence markers desmoglein 3 and polo like kinase 1 were measured by immunohistochemistry. Basal cell markers KRT14 and p63, club cell specific protein and ciliated cell marker acetylated tubulin were measured by immunofluorescence. Pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced squamous lesions and the presence of airway basal cells, along with increasing normal epithelial cells in the airways of NTCU‐exposed mice. Pioglitazone also significantly influenced EMT gene expression to promote a more epithelial, and less mesenchymal, phenotype. Pioglitazone reduced the presence of squamous dysplasia and maintained normal airway cell composition. This work increases the knowledge of mechanistic pathways in PPARγ agonism for lung cancer interception and provides a basis for further investigation to advance this chemoprevention strategy.
Clear cell carcinoma of the seminal vesicle in a young adult
Authors: Murakami Hidetoshi , Motoshima Takanobu , Kurahashi Ryoma , Murakami Yoji , Sugiyama Yutaka , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Yatsuda Junji , Asato Tsuguharu , Mikami Yoshiki , Kamba Tomomi
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Most seminal vesicle malignancies are secondary to prostate or bladder cancer. Herein, we report a case of primary clear cell carcinoma of the seminal vesicle.

Case presentation

A 27‐year‐old man was referred to our department for hematospermia and macroscopic hematuria. A digital rectal examination showed a soft elastic prostatic mass. Cystoscopy showed no bladder abnormalities, and tumor marker tests were unremarkable. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic tumor containing an enhanced nodule near the prostate and seminal vesicle. The tumor was removed en bloc with the prostate and seminal vesicle through a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. A histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis, with the tumor likely arising from a remnant Müllerian epithelium. A 1‐year follow‐up revealed local tumor recurrence, prompting laparoscopy.

Conclusion

A standard therapy for primary seminal vesicle carcinoma has not been established. Further studies are necessary to determine the optimal treatment strategy.