bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinimetrics of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire for Parkinson Disease During the “off” State
Authors:   Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Taghizadeh Ghorban , Fereshtehnejad Seyed Mohammad ,   Department of Neurobiology, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Martinez-Martin Pablo ,   National Center of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain., Joghataei Mohammad Taghi ,   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mahdizadeh Fatemeh ,   Neuromuscular Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Sabbaghi Sajad ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare Rehabilitation, Tehran, Iran., Goudarzi Sepide ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Meimandi Mahsa ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Habibi Sayed Amir Hasan ,   Department of Neurology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Mehdizadeh Maryam ,   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Freezing of gait, a common PD motor symptom, could increase the risk of falling. This study aimed to investigate the clinimetric attributes of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ) for people with Parkinson disease in the “off” state. Methods: A total of 115 patients with Parkinson disease (PD; mean age, 60.25 years) were included. Acceptability, internal consistency (by the Cronbach alpha, and test-retest by Intraclass Correlation [ICC]), and reliability of the Persian-translated version of the FOGQ were examined. Dimensionality was estimated by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Fall efficacy scale-international, unified Parkinson disease rating scale-II, Berg balance scale, functional reach test, and Parkinson disease questionnaire-39 were applied to determine the convergent validity. Diagnostic accuracy for obtaining optimal cutoff point, separating faller and non-faller groups, was analyzed by Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and Area Under the Curve (AUC). All tests were carried out in an “off” state. Results: The Cronbach alpha was high (α=0.92). The test-retest showed high reliability (ICC=0.89). The FOGQ was unidimensional according to the EFA and had acceptable convergent validity with moderate to high correlation with other clinical scales. The optimal cutoff point to discriminate fallers from non-fallers during the “off” state was 9/10, with an AUC of 0.92. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the FOGQ has appropriate reliability, validity, and discriminative ability for measuring FOG in patients with PD during the “off” state.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Signaling Pathways in Transdifferentiation Into Retinal Progenitor Cells
Authors:   Nervous System Stem Cell Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Aboutaleb Kadkhodaeian Hamid
Published: March 2021

Several signaling pathways and transcription factors control the cell fate in its in vitro development and differentiation. The orchestrated use of these factors results in cell specification. In coculture methods, many of these factors secrete from host cells but control the process. Today, transcription factors required for retinal progenitor cells are well known, but the generation of these cells from mesenchymal stem cells is an ideal goal. The purpose of the paper is to review novel methods for retinal progenitor cell production and selecting a set of signaling molecules in the presence of adult retinal pigment epithelium and extraocular mesenchyme acting as inducers of retinal cell differentiation.
The Prevalence of Prescription of New Anticoagulant Drugs and Its Determinant Factors in Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Moaddabi Yaser , Ghayeghran Amirreza ,   Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Hatamian Hamidreza ,   Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Alimohammadi Sara ,   Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Shakiba Maryam ,   Road Trauma Research Center, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Noroozi Guilandehi Sama ,   Student of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Student Research Committee of Neuroscience Research Center, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Saberi Alia ,   Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Published: March 2021

Background: Patients with ischemic stroke and underlying Atrial Fibrillation (AF) have a high risk of recurrent embolic events. New Oral Anticoagulant (NOAC) is highly effective and reduces the risk of recurrence in AF-associated Ischemic Stroke (AFAIS). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prescription pattern of NOAC and its determinant factors in patients with non-valvular AFAIS. Materials & Methods: This research was a cross-sectional descriptive study and the participants were referred to an academic hospital in the north of Iran from 2017 to 2018. The study variables included demographic variables such as the use of new anticoagulants, age, sex, place of residence, income level, education, the history of stroke and myocardial Infarction (MI), medication, and stroke severity based on The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale criteria. The patient’s functional status based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was extracted from the patients’ medical records. The data analysis was conducted by SPSS V. 19, using the Chi-square test and t-test, as well as the logistic regression model. Results: In this study, 363 patients with ischemic stroke with the origin of non-valvular AF and the mean age of 67.87 years were studied. Of them, 191 (52.6%) patients were women, and 30.6% were prescribed rivaroxaban at the time of discharge. The results showed that women were more likely to use rivaroxaban than men (P=0.001, OR=0.422). The history of stroke (P=0.004, OR=2.17) and the stroke severity (P=0.05, OR=2.19) was associated with an increase in NOAC prescription. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the administration of NOAC in this population was low and associated with gender and the severity and the history of stroke.
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version Post-Stroke Depression Scale: The Case of Neurology Outpatients in Rasht, North Iran
Authors:   Kavosh Behavioral, Cognitive and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Shafa Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Shokrgozar Somayeh , Alizade Nia Maryam ,   Department of Psychiatry, Shafa Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran, Soleimani Robabeh ,   Kavosh Behavioral, Cognitive and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Shafa Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Fallahi Kheshtmasjedi Mahnaz ,   Department of Counseling, Faculty of medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Maadi Raad Sareh ,   Department of Psychiatry, Shafa Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran, Yahyazadeh Aida ,   Department of Counseling, Faculty of medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Published: March 2021

Background: Psychiatrists use different scales to evaluate post-stroke depression; however, some concerns have raised about their low specificity. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Post-Stroke Depression Scale (PSDS) in Iran. Materials & Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 155 patients with stroke who were referred to neurology clinics in Rasht City, Iran, were interviewed by a psychiatric assistant (Gold Standard DSM-5 interview was used to separate the depressed from the non-depressed). The participants were then assessed by the PSDS and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Moreover, a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve with the standard Gold DSM-5 interview was used to determine the ability of the scales and to categorize depression. Eventually, the data were analyzed in SPSS v. 19. Results: Data analysis indicates that the factor structure of HADS is one-dimensional, and exploratory and confirmatory analysis supported the fit for the one-factor model as the best fitting model. Bartlett test (The Chi-square=408.217, df=28, P<0.001) showed significant relationships between variables. The internal consistency of HADS was 0.638 for depression and 0.617 for anxiety. The test-retest reliability is equal to for 60 subjects were randomly re-evaluated within one to two weeks, reported that r=0.783, for anxiety and r=0.741 for depression. Finally, based on the ROC curve, the cut-off point of 9 was chosen, and the different severity of depression was distinguished by 9, 14, and 20. Conclusion: The Persian version of PSDS possesses appropriate psychometric properties among the Iranian population.
The Effectiveness of Positive Thinking and Self-compassion Training on Cognitive Flexibility and Cognitive Failure in Girls With Primary Dysmenorrhea
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran, Saghebi Saeedi Karameh , Abolghasemi Abbas ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran, Akbary Bahman ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
Published: March 2021

Background: There is a relationship between the primary dysmenorrhea and psychological variables. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive thinking and self-compassion training on cognitive flexibility and cognitive failure in girls with primary dysmenorrhea. Materials & Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study carried out on multiple groups with pretest-posttest design. The sample research included 63 females with primary dysmenorrhea. They were recruited among students in Rasht City, Iran, district one education administration (first and second grade of high school), and were assigned within two experimental groups (under positive thinking and self-compassion training) and one control group (without training). Data collection was carried out by using a screening questionnaire of symptoms before premenstrual, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), and cognitive failure inventory of Broadbent and his colleagues (1982). Analysis of univariate covariance was used to analyze the data. Results: The findings showed that positive thinking and self-compassion training were effective in reducing the cognitive failure of women with primary dysmenorrhea (P<0.005), and selfcompassion training had more effect on reducing cognitive failure than positive thinking. Still, positive thinking and self-compassion did not affect cognitive flexibility. Conclusion: Psychological interventions, including positive thinking and self-compassion training, especially the latter, can improve cognition among girls with primary dysmenorrhea and improve their mental health.
The Effect of Unilateral and Bilateral Electrical Stimulation of the Brain on Improving the Balance of the Elderly
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran., Shouhani Masoumeh , Jalilian Mohsen ,   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran., Parsaei Sajad ,   Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran., Modara Farhad ,   Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran., Seidkhani Hossein ,   Department of Biostatics, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Published: March 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of unilateral and bilateral electrical stimulation of the brain on balance in the elderly. Methods & Materials: Thirty-six elderly in Ilam City, Iran, participated in the study. In the pretest, the static balance was taken, and then the participants were randomly divided into three groups: unilateral brain stimulation, bilateral brain stimulation, and sham. The intervention took in 3 sessions. In the unilateral stimulation group, the anode electrode was positioned at the O point, and the cathode was above the left ophthalmic cavity (FP1). In the bilateral stimulation group, the anode electrode was positioned at O1, and the cathode was positioned at O2. The intensity of stimulation was 2 mA, and the duration of treatment was 15 minutes per session. In the control group, the anode and cathode electrodes were placed on the O and FP1 points, respectively, but the excitation current was stopped after 30 seconds. After the last training session, the posttest was performed. The obtained data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA. Results: The Results showed no statistically significant difference between the three groups in the pretest phase (P<0.535). But at posttest, there was a difference between groups (P<0.002). Post-hoc test Results showed a difference between unilateral stimulation with the control group (P=0.001) and bilateral stimulation with the control group (P=0.005). But there was no significant difference between the unilateral stimulation group and the bilateral stimulation group (P=0.599). Conclusion: Unilaterally and bilaterally, cerebellar stimulation can be improved in the elderly.
Relationship of Perceived Social Support With the Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults Living in Rural Communities in Iran
Authors:   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Jokar Fatemeh , Asadollahi Abdol Rahim ,   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Kaveh ohammad Hossein ,   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Ghahramani Leila ,   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Nazari Mahin ,   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: March 2021

Objectives: The increasing trend in aging population raises the need to pay attention to the daily activities of the elderly and their social support as an effective factor in promoting their health. This study aims to investigate the correlation of perceived social support and demographic variables with the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in older adults living in rural communities in Iran. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive-analytical study with cross-sectional design conducted on 430 elderly people aged ≥60 years living in a rural community in Iran (Bayza county located 45 km away from Shiraz city) who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Procidano & Heller’s Perceived Social Support - Family Scale (PSS-Fa) and the ADL scale for the elderly were used for data collection. The ADL questionnaire’s internal consistency by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was obtained 0.96. The PSS-Fa with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranging from 0.88 to 0.91 has acceptable internal consistency. The reliability of its Persian version using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was obtained 87%. Data were analyzed in SPSS V. 25 software using multivariate ANOVA and regression analysis. Results: The mean±SD age of the participants was 69.67±7.067 years. The mean score of PSS-Fa and the ADL scale was reported 16.55± 5.16 and 55.10±3.07, respectively. Perceived social support, education and age had significant effect correlation with the ability to perform ADL in the elderly (P<0.001), while marital status and gender showed no significant correlation (P>0.05). The age factor was inversely correlated with the ability to perform ADL; hence, the independence of older adults decreases with the increase of age. Conclusion: Many demographic variables and social support affect the ability to perform ADL in the elderly. Social support can be used as a social investment to improve the quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, considering that one of the duties of health care providers is to improve the health status of the elderly, it is necessary for health care providers to increase social support and maintain and promote a healthy and active life for them through educational programs and periodic physical examinations.
Leisure Spending Patterns and their Relationship with Mental Health in the Elderly in Iran
Authors:   Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hosseinizare Seyedeh Mahboobeh , Tajvar Maryam ,   Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Abdi Kianoosh ,   Department of Rehabilitation Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Esfahani Parvaneh ,   Department of Health care Services Management, School of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran., Geravand Babak ,   Department of Health Care Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran., Pourreza Abolghasem ,   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Older adults need vitality to survive. Entertainment and activity for the elderly creates a lively life, boost their self-esteem, and saves them from being inactive and unproductive, which will ultimately improve their mental health. This study aims was to determine the relationship between leisure spending patterns and mental health in the elderly Methods & Materials: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 413 elderly people aged ≥60 years, who were selected using a cluster random sampling method from four districts of Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using the standard General Health Questionnaire, and a researcher-made Leisure Spending Scale. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS V. 21 software using descriptive statistics (frequency, standard deviation) and statistical tests including Spearman correlation test and regression analysis. Results: The most frequent leisure activity was TV watching. There was a significant relationship between recreational and religious activities of elderly and their mental health (P<0.0001). Among the confounding factors, physical health had the most impact. Conclusion: Given the significant relationship of recreational and religious activities with the mental health of the elderly, planners should take the role of mosques, ḥosayniyas, and leisure facility providers such as municipalities, seriously. On the other hand, considering the impact of physical health on the relationship of leisure spending with mental health, it is necessary to provide opportunities to the elderly to participate in sports and recreational activities.
O Papel dos Polimorfismos de Nucleotídeo Único (SNPs) Pvu II e Xba I e das Pequenas Repetições em Tandem (STRs) (TA)n e (GT)n do Receptor de Estrogênio Alfa (ESRI) na Suscetibilidade do Câncer da Mama(BRCA)
Authors: Araújo Karine Lourenzone de , Madeira Klesia Pirola , Daltoé Renata Dalmaschio , Rangel Letícia Batista Azevedo , Silva Ian Victor
Published: March 2021

O estrogênio é um hormônio esteroide sexual que possui efeito sobre o sistema reprodutor feminino e masculino. Esses efeitos são mediados principalmente pelas isoformas α e ß (ER α e ß), componente da superfamília de receptores nucleares que controlam a transcrição gênica. De fato, a resposta do gene ao estrogênio depende de muitos fatores, incluindo a avaliação dos subtipos de ER, os correguladores, o tempo de exposição ao estrogênio e a quantidade desse hormônio. Os processamentos (do inglês splicing) alternativos geram diversas variantes de RNAm de ESR1. As isoformas de RNAm com distintas regiões 5' não traduzidas resultam na expressão da proteína ESR1 de diferentes tamanhos. Sabe-se que o gene ESR1 possui muitos sítios de polimorfismos que podem ser responsáveis por diferentes variantes alélicas da proteína, podendo alterar a função e a atividade dessa proteína e, então, resultar nas diferenças do efeito do estrogênio sobre o desenvolvimento de doenças. Existem vários fatores de risco relacionados ao BRCA, porém os polimorfismos do gene ESR1 contribuem de maneira expressiva para carcinogênese mamária. Os SNPs Pvu II e Xba I e os STRs (GT)n e (TA)n despertam curiosidade por se localizarem em regiões não traduzidas do gene ESR1 e poderem estar relacionados a doenças de grande impacto, como o BRCA. Nota-se certa interferência desses polimorfismos nessa neoplasia, porém os resultados são divergentes. Contudo, é importante ampliar o conhecimento da genética do ESR1, pois existem evidências que suas propriedades interferem no desenvolvimento do BRCA.
Structural and functional model of language communication culture development in the open education center
Authors:   Shadrinsk State Pedagogical University, Elizova Elena I. , Lantsevskaya Nadezhda Yu. ,   Shadrinsk State Pedagogical University, Sizova Tatiana V. ,   Shadrinsk State Pedagogical University
Published: March 2021

Problem and goal. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to find new solutions in the development of the education system in the context of the pandemic and the increasing educational needs of people in further self-development. Russian language education center's structural and functional model of language communication culture development should help to identify the effectiveness of the open education system in Russian and Russian language teaching by involving modern youth in Russia and abroad in the activities of the educational and cognitive club based on the pedagogical University. The purpose of this article is to present the structural-functional model development of a culture of linguistic communication and the results of its implementation in the conditions of open education in Russian language and learning Russian language, created on the basis of pedagogical University. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is based on the theoretical positions of the system, activity, linguoculturological, and technological approaches. Results. It is established that the structural and functional model of the development of the culture of language communication in the conditions of the open education center based on club activities at the pedagogical University is implemented in three subsystems of the open education center (intercultural, speech, reflexive). The model structure allows you to reflect the development of the culture of language communication of club members and determine the means and technologies of its formation. The culture of language communication consists of four components: normative, ethical, communicative and reflexive competencies. The formation of competencies is carried out by levels, taking into account the evaluation and adjustment components of the effective block of the model. Conclusion. Building a structural-functional model involves the creation of key concepts for improving the study of the Russian language through the use of interactive methods of teaching Russian as a native language and as a foreign centre of open education, acting on the basis of the educational-cognitive club "the Secrets of Russian Philology". Russian language teaching technologies have been implemented to form the normative, communicative, ethical and reflexive competencies of the club's participants, and to introduce effective technologies for teaching the Russian language in the course of semantic reading of Russian writers' works of art.
Men's perceptions of parenthood based on parenting experience
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Batenova Yulia V. , Dolgova Valentina I. ,   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University
Published: March 2021

The egalitarianization of family relations is filling the gaps in research on the beliefs of future parents about gender roles in the family and the importance of fathers for child development. Therefore, the aim of the study is to identify the characteristics of men's ideas about parenthood, depending on the presence or absence of parenting experience. Methods (N = 45): questioning; testing according to the questionnaire of parental relations (Varga A.V., Stolin V.V.); identification of the concept of ideal parent according to the method of R.V. Ovcharova; child-parent interaction according to the method of I.M. Markovskaya; calculation of Student's t-test). The results of the study show that, depending on parenting experience, these perceptions and characteristics in men change. It was determined that the formation of paternity is a complex, multifaceted process and goes through several stages: from stereotypical ideas about paternity (the so-called theoretical period, when a man is not a father), to a practical period when stereotypes are rethought and real practical interaction with the child leads to more realistic assessment of their own behavior. In particular, in the group where the men had no experience of fatherhood, the overestimated ideas about themselves as a parent were recorded (t = 2.45; p≤0.05). In the group where men had a parenting experience, there were an awareness of the style of parent-child relationships, psychologically safe emotional ties, adherence to the principles of exactingness and consistency of the family educational process (t = 3.47; p≤0.01). The subjects who are preparing to become fathers in the near future showed a desire to establish a symbiotic relationship with the child, anxiety for the unborn child, which manifests itself in increased attentiveness to the pregnant spouse, gentleness in relationships (t = 3.41; p≤0.01). The subjects who are preparing to become fathers in the near future showed a desire to establish a symbiotic relationship with the child, anxiety for the unborn child, which manifests itself in increased attentiveness to the pregnant spouse, gentleness in relationships (t = 1.96; p≤0.05).
Some Regularities Inherent in the Balance 2∙f(O) – f(H) Formulated for an Electrolytic System with Symproportionation Reactions Involved
Authors: Maria Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk Anna , Michałowski Tadeusz
Published: March 2021

The general properties of the balance f12 = 2∙f(O) – f(H), as the linear combination of elemental balances: f1 = f(H) for H and f2 = f(O) for O, formulated for electrolytic systems, are presented. These properties/regularities are inherently related to linear combination (LC) of f12 with charge (f0) and other elemental/core balances fk = f(Yk) (Yk ≠ H, O), expressed by, where the multipliers dk are involved with oxidation numbers (ONs) of the elements in the system in question. The linear dependence or independence of f12 from f0,f3,…, fK, expressed by LC, provides the general criterion distinguishing between non-redox and redox systems. The f12 is the primary form of Generalized electron balance (GEB), completing the set of K independent balances f0,f12,f3,…,fK needed for the solution of a redox system according to GATES/GEB principles. For the solution of a non-redox system, the set of K–1 independent equations f0,f3,…,fK is required. In this formulation, the terms: ONs, oxidant, reductant, and equivalent mass are derivative/redundant concepts. These properties/regularities of f12 are illustrated here by a redox system where symproportionation reactions occur.
Delirium in a Medical Intensive Care Unit: A Report from a Tertiary Care University Hospital in Bangkok
Authors: Permpikul Chairat , Jirisan Wasin , Srinonprasert Varalak , Tongyoo Surat
Published: March 2021

Objective: Delirium is a common problem in critical care. Its prevalence in the unit varies, depending upon the severity of the illness and the diagnostic methods. Currently, the CAM-ICU is a diagnostic tool with good diagnostic accuracy. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence, associated factors, and outcomes of delirium in our unit by using the CAM-ICU.Methods: Our prospective cohort study included all patients admitted to the hospital’s medical ICU from August to December 2013. Patients with psychosis and/or in a coma (RAAS<-3) were excluded. We assessed delirium by using the CAM-ICU within the first 24 hours of admission and then serially, every 48 hours until discharge. Factors associated with this condition and patients’ outcomes were also explored.Results: A total of 74 patients were included. Of these, 43% were male, 40% had sepsis, and 81% were mechanically ventilated. Twenty-eight patients (38%) had delirium upon admission.  The delirium patients were older and had a higher percentage of dementia. Univariate analysis revealed that dementia, anemia, acute metabolic acidosis, and the use of mechanical ventilation were associated with the occurrence of delirium, and, for age > 70 years, anemia and metabolic acidosis remained significant on multivariate analysis. Delirium was significantly associated with prolonged hospitalization (>30days), with OR = 4.84 (p=0.009), and with increased mortality, with OR = 25.0 (p=0.001).Conclusion: This study confirmed that delirium was common in the medical ICU and was associated with poor outcomes. Importantly, associated factors with delirium in our study appeared to be modifiable. Further study on early management and prevention of those risk factors is crucial.
Factors Predicting Fatigue in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Receiving Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs
Authors: Thedthong Wipratchaya , Puwarawuttipanich Wimolrat , Saneha Chongjit , Rongrunguang Yong
Published: March 2021

Objective: To explore the predictive factors on fatigue among pulmonary tuberculosis patients receiving anti-tuberculosis drugs.Methods: This study is a predictive correlational research designed. The sample was comprised of 125 patients at the out-patient department, a tertiary hospital in Bangkok setting. The data were collected between January to February 2020. The questionnaires included mini-cognitive assessment instrument (Mini-Cog); the demographic characteristics questionnaire; Piper fatigue scale-12 (PFS-12); Nutrition alert form (NAF); the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); and the Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D). All data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis.Results: The sample had a mean age of 58.45 years (SD = 15.374) of which 60.8% were males. Overall, the mean score of fatigue was a moderate level (Mean = 4.90, SD = 2.455). From the multiple regression analysis, age, nutritional status, sleep quality, and depression could explain the variances on fatigue in the sample group as 52.5% (R2 = .525, F = 33.119, p < .001). Nutritional status, sleep quality, and depression are the variables found to be capable in predicting fatigue of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with statistical significance (β = .316, p < .001, β = .226, p < .05 and β = .340, p < .001). Conclusion: Nutritional status, sleep quality, and depression could affect fatigue. Healthcare teams should assess patients to prevent and manage the aforementioned symptoms to reduce suffering from fatigue and a better quality of life.
Correlation of Moral Courage and Organizational Commitment in Operating Room Nurses
Authors: Mohadeseh Rahimi , Mohaddeseh Mohsenpour , Azam Moslemi , Mahboobeh Khosravani
Published: March 2021

Objective: Moral courage distinguishes real moralists from hypocrites and indicates the commitment of nurses to their patients. Organizational commitment can also influence this commitment. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the correlation between moral courage and organizational commitment of operating room nurses working in the teaching hospitals of Arak University of Medical Sciences.Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on 136 operating room nurses who were selected using the convenience sampling method. The required data were collected through demographic information form, the organizational commitment questionnaire of Allen and Myer, and the professional moral courage scale by Sekerka and colleagues. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21) for descriptive and correlational analyses.Results: The mean scores of moral courage and organizational commitment of operating room nurses were 62.5±6.5 and 101.86±13.7, respectively. Moreover, moral courage did not have a statistically significant relationship with organizational commitment (P>0.05). The moral courage and organizational commitment of the participants differed significantly in terms of their type of employment (P<0.05) and age (P<0.05), respectively.Conclusion: Given the high mean score of moral courage and organizational commitment in operating room nurses, it can be said that nurses tend to show moral behaviors. On the other hand, the low score of the endurance of threat indicates that operating room nurses do not receive the necessary support from the organization for their courageous behavior. Therefore, the support of senior managers is essential for the occurrence of such behaviors.
Comparative Analysis of Effectiveness of Clomiphene Citrate and Letrozole Combined with Low Dose Human Menopausal Gonadotropin for Controlled Ovarian Stimulation in Intrauterine Insemination Cycles
Authors: Thakur Padmalaya , Pradhan Sujata
Published: March 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy of clomiphene citrate and letrozole in combination with low dose human menopausal gonadotropin for controlled ovarian stimulation in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles.Methods: During January-2018 to December-2019 for intending 496 IUI cycles, controlled ovarian stimulation was performed with either clomiphene or letrozole combined with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), in two arms:  subjects in one arm (Group A) were with clomiphene and hMG in 222 cycles; those in the second arm (Group B) were with letrozole and hMG in 274 cycles. Pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate of both groups were considered as the primary outcomes.Results: Patient characteristics like female age, indications for IUI, type of IUI, endometrial thickness and total motile fraction (TMF) of spermatozoa of male partners were seen similar in both groups. The letrozole-hMG group (Group B) had significantly higher numbers of cycles with single dominant follicle (P=0.01) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was more frequently used as the ovulation trigger (P=0.03). Pregnancy rate (18.5% vs. 15.3%, P=0.35) and clinical pregnancy rate (18.5% vs. 15.3%, P=0.35) were similar in groups A and B, respectively.Conclusion: Clomiphene citrate and letrozole combined with low dose human menopausal gonadotropin were equally effective for controlled ovarian stimulation in IUI cycles.
DEVELOPING SPEAKING SECTION OF BUSINESS ENGLISH MATERIALS TO TEACH CULTURE IN INTEGRATED WAY
Authors: Farani Yasmin , Yustisia Karlina Karadila
Published: March 2021

Teaching English Business skills does not merely teach the students to have administration and communication skills needed at the workplace for they will probably encounter and experience working together with people from different cultures and backgrounds as well. To minimize misunderstanding on those intercultural differences, they are expected not only to learn Business English skills but also gain basic knowledge of English culture through the course. This R&D research is a descriptive qualitative research which is intended to develop the Speaking Section of the existing teaching materials of Business English skills. Under the name of ESP I subject, they are taught to the 4th-semester students of Diploma Three in English Program of University of Merdeka Malang as a compulsory subject. In this study, the primary instruments are the researchers themselves and the preliminary questionnaires used serve as the secondary instrument. All the analyzed data are in the form of printed data (questionnaire’s results) and chosen videos taken from YouTube. The expected final results are in the form of written handouts consist of texts and links of selected videos appropriately related to the given topics. It is hoped that they are useful for the students as an alternative method to learn culture in an integrated way.
CODE-SWITCHING IN INDONESIAN POPULAR SONGS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Kadir Rahmawaty
Published: March 2021

Code-switching is a common phenomenon in a bilingual and multilingual society. People utilize codes in different forms of interactions for various reasons and functions. This paper investigates the types and functions of code-switching between English and Bahasa Indonesia that occur in lyrics. Fifteen Indonesian songs produced from 2009 to 2019 were examined. This analysis reveals that four types of code-switching occur in the lyrics of Indonesian popular songs: code-switching between sentences (intersentential), code-switching within sentences (intrasentential), code-switching involving changes of pronunciation, and emblematic code-switching. It further reveals that the functions of code-switching in the lyrics vary from discussing particular topics, lexical needs and availability, being emphatic, expressing group identity, simplifying words and expressions, and conveying a strong emotion/gaining attention.
A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF COMMENTS AND DELIVERY STRATEGY ON TED TALKS
Authors: Kurniawan Ildi
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to describe the comments and its delivery strategy on the speech entitled “Do Schools Kill Creativity? by Sir Ken Robinson on TED.com. The data of this research were 50 comments of the videos (2016-2020) which contained comments on speaker or talk style not relating to talk content.  This research adopted the comment theory analysis by Tsou, A. et.al (2014). Coding process and content analysis was used to see delivery strategy by the speaker. The findings of the research showed that from the total of the comments, there were 38 comments on speaker delivery, then followed by comment on praise and criticism of speaker, 13 and 2 comments, respectively. There was no comment on both personal anecdote and other comments on the speaker. Also, from the comments on speaker delivery, it was revealed that the comments on the quality of delivery were attractive, sincere, knowledgeable, fluent, accurate, effective, and efficient. Finally, it was also found that both verbal and non-verbal delivery strategies were used very well by the speaker in his speech.
Pelatihan Strategi Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah pada Jurnal Bereputasi Nasional dan Internasional bagi Guru di SMKN 1 Sekotong Kabupaten Lombok Barat
Authors: Suadiyatno Taufik , Sumarsono Dedi , Muliani Muliani , Arrafii Moh. Arsyad , Bagis Abdul Kadir
Published: March 2021

This community service program aimed to improve teachers’ anthusiastic in SMKN 1 Sekotong, West Lombok to conduct articles to be published in national accredited and international journal. The method used in this program divided into three stages such as 1) early stage includes koordination between the program team with the principle of SMKN 1 Sekotong; 2) implementation stage includes scientific article training; and 3) evaluation stage that used as the overview of the next program. The materials in this program was presented mostly in term of describing the technique of writing good articles therefore they deserve to be published in national accredited or international journal. This community service program was conducted in SMKN 1 Sekotong which was followed by the pcinciple and 23 teachers. The conclusion of this program was there was an improvement of teachers’ anthusiastic to publish their scientific articles in national accredited and international journal.
ERKEN DÖNEM ORTA ÇAĞ HRİSTİYAN MANASTIRLARINDA BİR DİSİPLİN ARACI OLARAK FİZİKSEL CEZA
Authors: GÜZELDAL Yasin
Published: March 2021

Bu araştırma, fiziksel şiddetin disiplin aracı olarak kullanıldığı erken Orta Çağ Hristiyan manastırlarını konu edinmektedir. Bu ceza yöntemine, manastır geleneğinin de büyük ölçüde oluştuğu 4.yy’dan 6. yy’a kadar hem Doğulu hem de Batılı manastır yazarlarının nizamnamelerinde rastlamak mümkündür. Fiziksel ceza yönteminin kökenlerini Kutsal Kitap’ta “cezalandıran baba”; sosyal yaşamda aile içi disiplini sağlama hedefinde olan “aile reisi baba” ve de antik eğitim değerleri içerisinde mutlak otorite sahibi bir öğretmen figürü şeklinde görmek mümkündür. Genellikle bedensel cezaların diğer disiplin cezaları yanında son çare olarak kullanıldığı bilinse de özellikle çocuklara karşı ve çocuksu davranan yetişkinlere tereddüt edilmeden uygulandığı bilinmektedir. Kısacası erken dönem manastır yazarları, mantığını ve zekâsını kullanamayan her üye için bedensel cezanın bir seçenek olduğunu savunmuştur. Antik dönemde fiziksel ceza bir ıslah yöntemi olarak uygulanmakta, günümüz değerlerinde olduğu gibi bir tür insan hakları meselesi olarak görülmemekteydi. Neticede belli bir düzeni ve işleyişi olan kurumlarda otoriteyi sağlamak o kurumun devamlılığı için büyük önem arz etmektedir. Nitekim yüzyıllar boyu varlığını sürdüren manastırlarda da istikrarı devam ettirebilmek için bir dizi önlemler alınmış ve sözlü önlemlerin yetersiz olduğu durumlarda fiziksel şiddet meşru görülmüştür. Bu araştırmada manastır kuralları çerçevesinde farklı başlıklar altında bedensel cezaların kökeni, çocuklara ve yetişkinlere uygulanması, bedensel cezayı gerektiren manastır içi hatalar ele alınmıştır.
Killer whale movements on the Norwegian shelf are associated with herring density
Authors: Vogel EF , Biuw M , Blanchet MA , Jonsen ID , Mul E , Johnsen E , Hjøllo SS , Olsen MT , Dietz R , Rikardsen A
Published: March 2021

Killer whalesOrcinus orcahave a cosmopolitan distribution with a broad diet ranging from fish to marine mammals. In Norway, killer whales are regularly observed feeding on overwintering Norwegian spring-spawning (NSS) herringClupea harengusinside the fjords. However, their offshore foraging behavior and distribution are less well understood. In particular, it is not known to what degree they rely on the NSS herring stock when the herring move to deeper offshore waters. Satellite telemetry data from 29 male killer whales were analyzed to assess whether their offshore foraging behavior is linked to herring distribution. Unlike most marine predator-prey studies that use indirect proxies for prey abundance and distribution, our study utilized 2 herring density estimates based on (1) direct observations from acoustic trawl survey data and (2) simulations from a fully coupled ecosystem model. Mixed effects models were used to infer the effect of herring density and light intensity on whale movement patterns. Our results suggest that killer whales follow NSS herring over long distances along the coast from their inshore overwintering areas to offshore spawning grounds. All whales changed from fast, directed, to slow, non-directed movement when herring density increased, although individuals had different propensities towards movement. Our data indicated that whales continue to feed on herring along the Norwegian shelf. We conclude that NSS herring constitute an important prey resource for at least some killer whales in the northeastern Atlantic, not only during the herring overwintering period, but also subsequently throughout the herring spawning migration.
Testing Breadth and Depth of Vocabulary Knowledge and Their Relationship with Vocabulary Size of EFL Students
Authors: Ismi Narulita Firda  , Intan Azkiyah  , Albiansyah
Published: March 2021

Abstract

 

Testing the breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge is needed to see its effect on the vocabulary size of EFL students. The study aims to know at the relationship between the breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge and the vocabulary size of EFL students. This research was conducted in the 8th grade of Trimulia Junior High School Jakarta. This research uses a correlational research design. The sample was 51 EFL learners. The Vocabulary Level Test (VLT) and the Words Associates Test (WAT) were administered in this study. The scores were presented with descriptive statistics for two tests of the breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge. The results showed that the breadth and depth of the vocabulary knowledge test had a negative correlation with the L2 vocabulary size of EFL students. Using Statistic Product moment, the correlation coefficients found at 0.01 for the breadth and 0.11 for depth is included in the very weak category. So, there is a very weak correlation between the tests of breadth and deep vocabulary knowledge and the size of students' vocabulary.

 

Keywords: breadth, depth, vocabulary knowledge, vocabulary sizes
Investigating the Effect of TIG and FSW Joint Design on the Mechanical Properties of the AA5083 Aluminum Alloy in Welding Processes
Authors: Akbari Meysam , Fadavi Ardestani Manouchehr , Bakhtiari Hamid , Bakhtiari Zahra
Published: March 2021

The 5083 aluminium alloy is one of the alloys of the 5xxx series that is widely used in defence and shipbuilding industries. In this study, the 5083 aluminium alloy plates were evaluated through two friction stir welding and tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) by a double groove weld with a 30° angle and a 2mm gap for TIG and a simple butt weld for FSW. In this study and in addition to examining the samples' mechanical properties, the microstructure changes and the hardness were also reviewed. The results show that the FSW weld has better mechanical properties than the TIG weld due to fast welding speed. However, by preparing the pieces, the mechanical properties of TIG get closer to those of FSW. In the FSW welding in the weld nugget, the grains have a fine and co-axial structure, and an increase in the advance rate will reduce the inlet heat and make the grains smaller. Nevertheless, in TIG welding at high speeds, the grains become more extensive with increased inlet heat.
KINERJA PIRANTI PENDINGIN TERMOAKUSTIK GELOMBANG TEGAK PADA TEBAL SUSUNAN STACK BERBEDA
Authors: Achmadin Wahyu Nur
Published: March 2021

Rusaknya lapisan ozon merupakan dampak langsung dari penggunaan refigerant terhadap lingkungan, sehingga untuk mengurangi dampak tersebut diperlukan sebuah teknologi yang ramah lingkungan. Piranti termoakustik merupakan salah satu dari beberapa teknologi ramah lingkungan yang memiliki fungsi yang sama yaitu dengan memanfaatkan perbedaan suhu sebagai sumber dari fenomena termoakustik. Medium yang digunakan adalah gas udara sehingga tidak menyebabkan bahaya pada lingkungan. Komponen utama piranti termoakustik terdiri dari regenerator, pipa resonator dan loudspeaker. Regenerator memiliki peranan yang besar yaitu sebagai tempat konversi energi terjadi. Penelitian ini akan membahas tentang pengaruh ketebalan stack yang terpasang di dalam regenerator pada kinerja piranti pendingin termoakustik gelombang tegak. Bahan yang digunakan adalah mesh ukuran #18 yang disusun rapat dengan ketebalan 4 cm sampai 5,5 cm dengan interval 0,5 cm. Waktu pengoperasian dilakukan selama 30 menit. Pipa resonator terbuat dari pipa PVC. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketebalan stack memiliki pengaruh terhadap penurunan suhu. Penurunan suhu terbesar dalam penelitian ini terjadi pada panjang stack 5,5 cm yang mampu menurunkan 4,7 C dari suhu awal penelitian.

Kata kunci: termoakustik, gelombang tegak, regenerator