bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving cone-beam CT quality using a cycle-residual connection with a dilated convolution-consistent generative adversarial network
Authors: Deng Liwei , Zhang Mingxing , Wang Jing , Huang Sijuan , Yang Xin
Published: June 2022

Objective.Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) often results in severe image artifacts and inaccurate HU values, meaning poor quality CBCT images cannot be directly applied to dose calculation in radiotherapy. To overcome this, we propose a cycle-residual connection with a dilated convolution-consistent generative adversarial network (Cycle-RCDC-GAN). Approach. The cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (Cycle-GAN) was modified using a dilated convolution with different expansion rates to extract richer semantic features from input images. Thirty pelvic patients were used to investigate the effect of synthetic CT (sCT) from CBCT, and 55 head and neck patients were used to explore the generalizability of the model. Three generalizability experiments were performed and compared: the pelvis trained model was applied to the head and neck; the head and neck trained model was applied to the pelvis, and the two datasets were trained together. Main results. The mean absolute error (MAE), the root mean square error (RMSE), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), the structural similarity index (SSIM), and spatial nonuniformity (SNU) assessed the quality of the sCT generated from CBCT. Compared with CBCT images, the MAE improved from 28.81 to 18.48, RMSE from 85.66 to 69.50, SNU from 0.34 to 0.30, and PSNR from 31.61 to 33.07, while SSIM improved from 0.981 to 0.989. The sCT objective indicators of Cycle-RCDC-GAN were better than Cycle-GAN’s. The objective metrics for generalizability were also better than Cycle-GAN’s. Significance. Cycle-RCDC-GAN enhances CBCT image quality and has better generalizability than Cycle-GAN, which further promotes the application of CBCT in radiotherapy.
A wave energy converter based on a zero-pressure-angle mechanism for self-powered applications in near-zero energy sea-crossing bridges
Authors: Jia Changyuan , Cao Hao , Pan Hongye , Ahmed Ammar , Jiang Zhuojun , Azam Ali , Zhang Zutao , Pan Yajia
Published: June 2022

The concept of near-zero energy conversion from ocean waves is an emerging topic that can be applied to supply power to self-powered applications in sea-crossing bridges. In this paper, a point-absorbing wave energy converter (WEC) with a novel zero-pressure-angle mechanism structure was proposed and investigated. The system includes a wave energy capture module, power take-off module (PTO), generator module, and energy storage module. The proposed PTO structure consists of a pair of guide rods, zero-pressure-angle rockers, gearbox, and flywheel, which convert the oscillation of the buoy into unidirectional continuous rotation of the generator, and electricity is stored in the supercapacitor. For accurate prediction, kinematic and dynamic approaches were employed for the non-constant damping PTO. The mechanical test and sensing system experiments achieved the highest mechanical efficiency of 81.87%, the maximum output power of 5.49 W, and the 53.44% average efficiency. It was found that the PTO with a flywheel can effectively improve the output performance compared to without a flywheel. In addition, the experiments of the actual WEC were performed and recorded an output power ranging from 0.964 W to 3.218 W, proving that the proposed structure meets the power requirements for self-powered sea-crossing bridge applications.
High temperature superconducting cables and their performance against short circuit faults: current development, challenges, solutions, and future trends
Authors: Yazdani-Asrami Mohammad , Seyyedbarzegar Seyyedmeysam , Sadeghi Alireza , de Sousa Wescley T B , Kottonau Dustin
Published: June 2022

Along with advancements in superconducting technology, especially in high-temperature superconductors (HTSs), the use of these materials in power system applications is gaining outstanding attention. Due to the lower weight, capability of carrying higher currents, and the lower loss characteristic of HTS cables, compared to conventional counterparts, they are among the most focused large-scale applications of superconductors in power systems and transportation units. In near future, these cables will be installed as key elements not only in power systems but also in cryo-electrified transportation units, that take advantage of both cryogenics and superconducting technology simultaneously, e.g., hydrogen-powered aircraft. Given the sensitivity of the reliable and continuous performance of HTS cables, any failures, caused by faults, could be catastrophic, if they are not designed appropriately. Thus, fault analysis of superconducting cables is crucial for ensuring their safety, reliability, and stability, and also for characterising the behaviour of HTS cables under fault currents at the design stage. Many investigations have been conducted on the fault characterisation and analysis of HTS cables in the last few years. This paper aims to provide a topical review on all of these conducted studies, and will discuss the current challenges of HTS cables and after that current developments of fault behaviour of HTS cables will be presented, and then we will discuss the future trends and future challenges of superconducting cables regarding their fault performance.
Probing into the potential features of sodium calcium silicate (Na2Ca2Si3O9) synthesized by the solid-state route
Authors: Kolli Nishant Kumar , V M Datta Darshan , Anandan Dhivyaa , Sivaramakrishnan Venketesh , Jaiswal Amit Kumar , Belliraj Siva Kumar , Kundu Swarup , Roy Santanu
Published: June 2022

Silicate ceramics are one of the established candidates employed in many industrial and medical applications. Not many of the existing reports mention and investigate the properties of the phases or individual components of these materials. In this exploratory study, one such sodium calcium silicate, combeite (Na2Ca2Si3O9) was synthesized by the solid-state route and studied for its properties. The preliminary investigation involved thermal treatments followed by characterization to identify the formation of the pure phase. The mechanical behaviour was evaluated by compression tests. Surface treatments were executed to enhance the capabilities to support cellular proliferation. The in-vitro acellular immersion test showed the formation of calcium phosphates. All the tested materials exhibited adequate cell viability properties for prospective applications in life sciences.
The First Photometric Study of W UMa Binary System V1833 Ori
Authors: Tanrıver Mehmet , Bulut Ahmet
Published: June 2022

The first photometric solution in the B, V, R

c
and I

c
filters of the short period V1833 Ori eclipsing binary is presented based on new ground-based CCD photometric observations. We analyzed the BVRI photometric light curves of the system, using PHOEBE 0.31a, a binary star modeling program, with the Wilson-Devinney method based on Roche geometry to achieve the best accordance with the photometric observations to determine their absolute parameters from the light curves. We updated the ephemeris of V1833 Ori using two new light curve minima derived by our new observational data from those collected in the literature and analyzed the change of the system’s orbital period. The O–C analysis indicates that the variations of the orbital period of V1833 Ori with time are increasing at a rate of 3.03 × 10−7 days yr−1. The distance of V1833 Ori is 173.7 ± 15.6 pc. From the solutions, we find that V1833 Ori is an A-subtype W UMa overcontact binary with q = 0.701 mass ratio and f = 1.14 fill-out factor. The HR diagram positions of the eclipsing binary system’s components are discussed. The system’s absolute dimensions were compared to those of similar binaries in the

log

T

eff

−
log
L

, logM − logL, logM − logR and

log
M
−
log

J

0

diagrams.
Gas exhaust in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator during the first divertor operation
Authors: Wenzel U. , Schlisio G. , Drewelow P. , Krychowiak M. , König R. , Pedersen T.S. , Bozhenkov S. , Haak V. , Kharwandikar A.K. , Lazerson S. , Naujoks D. , Perseo V. , Winters V. , the W7-X Team
Published: June 2022

The optimized superconducting stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is equipped with an island divertor for energy control and efficient pumping. We investigated the performance of the island divertor in terms of gas exhaust. For this purpose we have installed 18 pressure gauges in the vacuum vessel. This allowed us to determine the exhaust efficiency, the leakage, the collection efficiency and the compression ratio of the island divertor. These quantities depended strongly on the magnetic configuration. The best performance was obtained in the high-iota configuration. The exhaust efficiency was 2.9%, significantly higher than in the standard configuration (0.44%), and the maximum neutral compression was about 80. The high-iota configuration appears particularly promising for long-pulse operation of W7-X.
Research on the Effect of Vibration Mixing Intensity on the Solidification Efficiency and Properties of Concrete
Authors: Li Rantao
Published: June 2022

In order to further improve the efficiency of concrete in engineering application, the influence of vibration mixing intensity on the solidification efficiency and performance of concrete is studied. Four vibration intensity levels of 0g, 2g, 3g and 4g were selected to explore the initial and final solidification time and working performance of concrete under different vibration intensity. The test results show that when the vibration strength is 2g, 3g and 4g, the initial solidification time decreases by 4.9%, 7.5% and 8.7%, the final solidification time decreases by 1.5%, 1.9% and 2.7%, and the slump increases by 3.9%, 5.9% and 15.7%, respectively, compared with the vibration strength of 0g. Compared with 0g vibration strength, the compressive strength of concrete with 4g vibration strength is increased by 5.48%, 4.11% and 7.04% respectively at the age of 3D, 7d and 28d. The results show that with the increase of vibration intensity, the initial solidification time and final solidification time shorten, the slump increases, the compressive strength increases. Vibration mixing is of great significance to the application and expansion of concrete engineering.
Research on the Design of Guide Wall of Diaphragm Wall doubled as Retaining Wall in Deep Foundation Pit
Authors: Kang Yale , Zhang Xiaofeng , Liu Xin
Published: June 2022

It was repeated in the traditional design and construction process of the retaining wall and guide wall of diaphragm wall, resulting in prolonged construction period, increased the amount of temporary structural concrete pouring and demolition, and caused data waste and environmental pollution, which does not meet the requirements of green construction. In this paper, based on the deep foundation pit project of the standard underground station of rail transit, the structural form of the guide wall of diaphragm wall is reformed by coordinating the construction sequence of guide wall and retaining wall. The traditional scheme is optimized by calculating the stress on guide wall, which was doubled as a retaining wall. It reduces the dosage of concrete of guide wall and retaining wall engineering 18.16%. Further, we systematically evaluated in the economic and social benefits of the guide wall doubled as a retaining wall in this paper. The results show that the optimized scheme has perfect design function and safe and reliable structure. Compared with the traditional scheme, the optimized scheme can reduce the total cost of related projects by about 24.36% and shorten construction period. The research in this paper has significant engineering economic value and social benefit, which can provide reference for the design and construction of similar projects.
Study on Reliability of Friction Pile Foundation with Grouting at Pile Bottom
Authors: Baohua Zhang , Kang Zhang Zhen , Peng Zheng
Published: June 2022

The reliability calculation model of grouting pile foundation under eccentric load was studied. JC method was used to calculate its single reliability. Considering the correlation of failure modes, the narrow limit of the reliability of grouting pile foundation was obtained.
The Effect of Shear Rate on the Shear Strength of Saturated Coal-Measure Soil
Authors: Chen Kun , Zhang Hong , Wu Can , Liao Liangjian , Zhu Rui
Published: June 2022

Coal-measure soil is easy to soften with water and has very poor stability. When encountering heavy rainfall, it loses strength and saturation failure occurs in a short period of time, which can easily cause instability and damage of coal-measure soil slopes, which is a great threat The traffic safety of the road. The shear strength of saturated coal-measure soil is affected by many factors. Since coal-measure soil is difficult to form samples after encountering water, the SLB-1A saturated soil triaxial tester is used to apply back pressure according to the principle of combining head saturation and back pressure saturation. Saturate. The UU test of 0.2mm/min, 0.4mm/min, 0.8mm/min, 1mm/min was applied to the sample with the confining pressure of 100kpa, 200kpa, 400kpa and 500kpa to study the resistance of the confining pressure and loading rate to the saturated coal measure soil. The effect of shear strength. Under the same shear rate, the shear strength increases with the increase of confining pressure. Under the same confining pressure and different shear rates, the shear strength changes very little and does not show regularity, because the coal-measure soil has poor structure.
A Multiple Survey Network for Super High-Rise Building
Authors: Xinjie Deng , Mingming Kou , Yin Yong
Published: June 2022

Super high-rise building is one kind of common modern construction mode. The increasing height makes the establishment more complex than the ordinary building’s construction and brings more risks to project management. The work of the survey includes a control survey network and construction survey, in which the majority job is setting out the accurate location and monitor the structures, supplies guarantee to project management to meet the requirements of quality, time, and budget. In this paper, a true super high-rise building case is introduced to show how a multiple survey network designed to guardian the safety and quality of the project.
Difference Analysis of Operation Stability of Vacuum Circuit Breaker in 10KV Power Distribution System
Authors: Su Jiawei , Chen Ken , Wang Qi
Published: June 2022

As an important part of power transmission and transformation equipment, vacuum circuit breakers have become the core device for protecting and controlling electrical lines in high-voltage electrical equipment. This paper expounds the different types of test methods for the preventive test of high and low voltage distribution rooms. Taking the 10kV high and low voltage distribution system in use as the analysis object, 37 units are randomly selected as samples, and statistical principles are used to analyze differences, extract point estimation and interval Estimating eigenvalues, judging the stability and balance of the overall operation of the vacuum circuit breaker in the power distribution system, and providing a basis for the safe use and preventive testing of the power distribution system.
Engineering application of an improved AAO process
Authors: Zhang M H , Huang Y
Published: June 2022

An improved AAO process was designed in this study, in which the pre-anaerobic section was prepositioned and water inlet by two-points method was utilized. A regulating section was added between the anaerobic and aerobic sections, and could be switched to anaerobic or aerobic sections as needed to enhance the performance of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. On this basis, the process was applied to the Xihai Sewage Treatment Plant Project (Phase III), aiming to the treatment of domestic sewage with a scale of 8×104 m3/d. Characteristics, mechanisms and design parameters of the process were introduced and the operation results were analyzed in this study. It could be found that the removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N, TP and SS were 89.36%, 96.89%, 95.99% and 96.78%, respectively. All the effluent indicators meet the first-level A standard in the “Pollutant Discharge Standard for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant” (18918-2002).
The influence of different ratio of Sn4+ and Bi3+ on n-p SnO2/α∼ Bi2O3 composite structure and its photocatalytic properties by solid phase synthesis
Authors: Qiu Taoyu , Ayitiguli  , Liu Liling
Published: June 2022

In this study, a novel n-p SnO2/α∼Bi2O3 composites were synthesized by the convenient and rapid in-situ solid-phase reaction synthesis. The different influence of ratios: n (Sn: Bi) = 2/1, 3/1, 1/1, 1/2 and 1/3 on the crystal shape, microstructure, specific surface area, optical absorption properties of the material and the separation ability of photocarriers were discussed. The study shows that: compared with pure SnO2, the light absorption boundary of all the composites have been widened to the visible light region, the larger the ratio of Sn in the sample, the more conducive it is to absorbing the visible light. However, greater ratio of Sn4+ ions in the sample will lead to a decrease in the separation ability of photo electrons and holes. Of which n(Sn: Bi) = 2/1 composite, photoelectrons and holes have the strongest separation ability. The Rhodamine B (Rh. B) solution can be almost completely decolorized within about 30 minutes under 400W halide light irradiation. The chemical reaction mechanism in the sample synthesis process was discussed in detail. This study not only synthesized excellent n-p SnO2/α∼Bi2O3 photocatalytic composites, but also provides references for in-situ synthesis of other semiconductors.
Design and Workspace Analysis of Drilling Arm of Mining Anchor Drilling Robot
Authors: Jun Zhang , Jiguo Wang , Qianyi Zhang , Ning Wang , Chaofan Wang , Lei Wang
Published: June 2022

Bolt support is the main way of underground roadway support in coal mines in China. At present, there are some problems in domestic coal mines, such as low efficiency and poor safety. In view of the above problems, a structural scheme of omni-directional multi angle automatic roof bolter is designed. Firstly, based on the D-H method, the kinematics model of the drill arm structure of the anchor drilling robot to the roof and side of the working environment is established, and the space analysis of the four drill arms is carried out; At the same time, due to the design of the drill arm of the anchor drilling robot, the left and right drill arms of the equipment extend, rotate and work at the same time. Combined with the MATLAB kinematics model, the experiment is carried out to simulate the spatial position of the end of the drill arm of the anchor drilling robot. At the same time, the research results show that the robot can quickly replace the anchor drilling arm and ensure the quality of all-round anchor drilling, and the robot can meet the requirements of all-round support.
Implementation Of Active RFIDs In Inventory Systems
Authors: Soltanirad Arshia , Ahmad Hafisoh , Yap Hoon , Ismail Hafizul A.
Published: June 2022

The commoditization of integrated circuits has revolutionized the world of IoT based networks. Supply chain management relies heavily on the application of passive RFID tags for inventory management. However, this technology is outdated and does not provide real-time monitoring for warehouse administration. Moreover, due to the high error rate of traditional passive RFIDs, active RFIDs are graded higher in terms of operational efficiency. The biggest challenge in the deployment of active RFIDs in inventory systems is high power consumption. The passive RFIDs were favored due to their lack of dependency on an internal power supply. The inception of low power long range radio modules has fully transformed the range of applications for active RFIDs. The long range low power active RFIDs are used to develop IoT ecosystems for the purpose of creating a smart supply chain management system. In this research, the hierarchical wireless mesh network consists of three levels; the end node, the concentrator and the gateway. The model takes advantage of low power long range radios to design a system that can monitor and track inventory in a warehouse. The unique circuit has small and compact properties that has the potential to be deployed in real life warehouses.
Investigating effect of compatibilizer on polymer blend filament from post-used styrofoam and polyethylene for fused deposition modelling
Authors: Chow H M , Koay S C , Choo H L , Chan M Y , Ong T K
Published: June 2022

This research produced the filament by blending the recycled polystyrene (rPS) from post-used Styrofoam and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). This study used polystyrene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PS-g-MA) as a compatibilizer to the rPS/LDPE blend. The formulated filaments were printed into specimens using a FDM printer. The visual inspection results showed that the printed specimens displayed better adhesion as the printing temperature and extrusion rate percentage increased. The addition of PS-g-MA also enhanced the adhesion of the printed layers. In terms of tensile properties, adoption of PS-g-MA also significantly improved the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the printed specimens. Furthermore, the addition of PS-g-MA increased the degree of crystallinity but it has shown no significant effect on the melting temperature. In addition, compatibilized rPS/LDPE blend samples possessed higher onset thermal degradation temperatures than the uncompatibilized rPS/LDPE blend sample, where higher onset thermal degradation temperature indicated that the material has better thermal stability. Overall, PS-g-MA was an effective compatibilizer to the immiscible rPS/LDPE blend filament where improvements of overall material properties and print quality can be observed, and especially with 5 wt% of PS-g-MA compatibilizer content, the tensile, thermal properties and print quality were improved the most.
Effect of design and material on structural rigidity of automobile wheel - an optimisation approach
Authors: Karim H , Ku P X
Published: June 2022

An automobile wheel plays a vital role in supporting the tyre and the entire weight of any vehicle. This study aims to examine the distribution of stress and deformation across 5-twin-spoke and multi-spoke wheel designs whilst varying lightweight materials, as well as optimise the base designs of the wheel such that they reach an optimum level. The wheel was modelled using SolidWorks, before being analyse by Finite Element Analysis software whereby aluminium and magnesium alloys were assigned. The structural rigidity of the wheel models was assessed by conducting static structural analysis and radial fatigue analysis. Changes in terms of total deformation, von-Mises and alternative stress were obtained, and tabulated. Optimisation of the wheel models was conducted by making necessary modifications to the base designs. The result shows that multi-spoke fared better than 5-twin-spoke in both analyses, and the notable weak point observed is the hub region. In term of material-wise, it was found that Magnesium AZ91D alloy generally has higher deformation, von-Mises and alternating stress than Aluminium 6061 Alloy. Future works could be focused more on conducting additional tests so that the wheel models are well-geared for road usage, such as impact and cornering fatigue tests.
Additively Manufactured Patient Specific Cranioplasty Implants with Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Nazeer Mohamed Nazran , Choo Hui Leng , Wong Yin How , Hon Hui Juen
Published: June 2022

Cranioplasty is the surgical procedure to repair the bone defects in the cranium. Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) is the most common used biomaterial as it showed better long-term outcomes. Cranioplasty is usually performed through in-situ forming approach. However, the heat and shrinkage and the release of unreacted monomers represent the main drawbacks. Studies also shown a rate of graft infection higher than 10% in surgical PMMA cranioplasty. To overcome these, prefabricating the implants using additive manufacturing (AM) has been proposed. The AM implants could be tailored according to the defect and reduce surgical time, blood loss and the risk of infection. However, the insufficient disinfection of the AM implants may increase the risk of infection. Therefore, the implants can be loaded with antimicrobial agents prior to the cranioplasty. This study synthesised a chemically modified PMMA that can be loaded with antimicrobial agent for AM. The PMMA was sulfonated under different sulfonation temperature, duration, and ratio of PMMA to sulfuric acid. The ionic exchange capacity and degree of sulfonation of the sulfonated PMMA (SPMMA) was determined. In the future, SPMMA with the optimal IEC and DS will be loaded with antimicrobial agent and will be evaluated using the zone of inhibition assay.
Treatment of Greywater by Using Artocarpus Heterophyllus Seeds as A Natural Coagulant
Authors: Cheng CWJ , Ismail N , Oh KS
Published: June 2022

In this study, Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds is used to treat the greywater. The objectives are to characterize the functional group, zeta potential and the protein content of Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds and to examine the performance of the seeds in treating greywater by changing the pH, coagulant dose, and mixing effect, as well as comparing them to Aluminium Sulphate (Alum). The functional groups presence in Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds are hydroxyl group (O-H), amine group (N-H) and carboxylic group (C-O). The zeta potential of Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds is averaged at -4.14 mV and protein concentration is at 0.294 mg/L. It was found out that Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds work best at pH 3, 800 mg/L of coagulant dosage and 20 rpm for slow mix and 70 rpm for rapid mixing which resulted in 95.11%, 80.4% and 92.73% removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD and TSS respectively. At pH 6, 200 mg/L of alum coagulant, 40 rpm for slow mix and 150 rpm for quick mix, turbidity, COD, and TSS removal efficiencies were 90.15%, 55.35%, and 96.92%, respectively. Therefore, it shows that Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds is a better coagulant to treat greywater compared to alum. It has the potential to replace the conventional chemical coagulant.
Experimental Investigation of Blood Mimicking Fluid Viscosity for Application in 3D-Printed Medical Simulator
Authors: Perrira Nadelyn , Shuib Anis Suhaila , Phang Siew Wei , Muda Ahmad Sobri
Published: June 2022

Blood mimicking fluid (BMF) is blood that accurately mimics human blood. BMF is commonly used in 3D printed medical simulators for pre-surgical planning and simulation or intraoperative orientation to assist surgeons on cardiac surgical procedures. This research aims to develop a newly formulated BMF containing polysaccharide particles via varying the percent composition of xanthan gum-starch-water-glycerol-contrast agent mixture. The viscosity of the formulated BMF is compared with human blood and observed. A total of 10 BMF samples consisting of different components and composition ratios is prepared and the viscosity of each sample is measured at shear rates ranging from 0s−1 to 1000s−1. The results are tabulated and compared with human blood. Based on the results of the experiments conducted, the addition of polysaccharide particles was found to affect the viscosity of the BMF. The BMF sample with a composition of water 59.98 vol%, glycerol 40 vol%, 0.01 wt% xanthan gum and 0.01 wt% starch shows the smallest viscosity percentage difference when compared to the viscosity of actual blood. Viscosity plateau values was found at 3.71± 0.34 mPa.s which is within the range of actual normal human whole blood viscosity.
Monte Carlo Simulation of particle production in target material linac 15, 18, and 20 MV photon beam
Authors: Yani S , Budiansah I , Rhani M F , Haryanto F
Published: June 2022

Target is one of the important components in a linear accelerator (linac). Target materials depend on the energy of linac so that they have different spectrums produced. This study investigates the spectrum characteristic of target material for some linacs using Monte Carlo codes. The target geometry and material simulated was collected from Varian Medical System. The simulation was carried out on two different Monte Carlo codes, namely PHITS and EGSnrc. In the simulation process, the cut-off energy of electron and photon are set in the same value at 0.521 MeV and 0.01 MeV, respectively. The SLAB geometry is implemented to model the target. The spectrum of photon and electron was collected at the end of the target. The deviation of electron and photon spectrum collected from PHITS and EGSnrc was calculated. The results show that the spectrum of photon and electron from PHITS and EGSnrc have the same trend with a deviation of more than 25%. The maximum differences between the codes were obtained at energy 0.04 MeV<E<0.3 MeV for 15 MeV sources. Differences between PHITS and EGSnrc are more than 17% in electron energy 18 and 20 MeV. The big deviation is caused by the cross-section data applied in PHITS and EGSnrc being different in some photon and electron interaction cross-sections.
Solar radiation pressure on LAPAN A1 satellite due to extreme geomagnetic storm
Authors: Pratiwi N , Herdiwijaya D
Published: June 2022

This study will explain about disturbance potential on the LAPAN A1 satellite caused by solar radiation pressure during an intense geomagnetic storm period. During the storm period, satellite orbital parameter is affected due to the changing of solar radiation pressure, atmospheric chemical composition, and atmospheric density. Therefore, we analyze solar radiation pressure in the period of 11-years to compare the effect at minimum phase, maximum phase, and storm period. One of the most massive geomagnetic storms happened in 2003, so we chose 2003-2013 as the data period. To calculate solar radiation pressure on satellite, it needs data of daily total solar flux from Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment satellite (SORCE). Data processing is done by using python. Then we had calculated Solar Radiation Pressure values during a year to see the effects of the storm. However, the results show that the influence of the storm was not significant. For the follow-up research, we need high-resolution data to see the effects of the storm in more detail.
Gravity data processing of field camp geophysics in Karangsambung (2005-2019)
Authors: Wahyudi E J , Laesanpura A , Aji W
Published: June 2022

Gravity data was collected from a previous survey in Karangsambung 2005-2019 (before the restriction of field camp activities due to the Covid-19 pandemic). Luk-Ulo Mélange Complex in the Karangsambung area has been the subject of local and regional studies for geoscience students due to the interesting exposure of outcrops that have been interpreted as product of subduction (the Indo-Australian plate under the Eurasian plate in the Late Cretaceous to Early Paleocene time). The data for this gravimetric study based on 2592 observations over an area of inside (9.1 × 9.1) square kilometers. The gravity data were observed by students in the field camps for several years and then we compile. In this work we present simple data processing and simple calculation for modeling. The Bouguer anomaly map was processed using a density estimate of 2.31 g/cc for slab-Bouguer and terrain correction/reduction. The residual anomaly map was obtained by simple calculation of trend surface analysis (second order polynomial order). The inverse model was calculated using a simple algorithm for 2.5D and the program was built by accomodate topographic variations in the study area. Slice sections (SW-NE) of residual anomalies with a length of more than 8 km were inverted to obtain the contrast density distribution as a subsurface model. The subsurface images can then be analyzed and correlated with geological surface maps in the study area. The work in this paper is mainly presented as an ilustration of simple data processing and inverse modeling, so that the outcomes of this work are: (1) Bouguer anomaly map, (2) residual anomaly map, and (3) contrast density distribution as SW-NE section in the Karangsambung area. The value of the Bouguer anomaly map from this study is in the range of 88 to 112 mGal, and the value of the residual anomaly map is in the range of -12 to 10 mGal. The contrast density distribution from the inverse model in this study is in the range of -0.3 to 0.6 g/cc.
The Study of Geomagnetic Activity from 2017 to 2020 Period
Authors: Ratnasari Elvina Ayu
Published: June 2022

Geomagnetic storm has been extensively studied and observed because it can interfere satellite and radio communications. Some parameters, such as Dst index, Kp index, north-south interplanetary magnetic field (Bz) and speed of solar wind (Vsw), can be used to identify the level of geomagnetic storm and assess its potential risk. Therefore, this paper provides the analysis of geomagnetic parameters and their correlation to geomagnetic activities during 2017-2020 period. The geomagnetic data, i.e. Dst, Kp, Bz, and Vsw, were obtained from the website: https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. The results indicated that some significant geomagnetic storms occurred during 2017-2020, which were shown by the sharp increase of the Dst index, which was also followed by the increase of Kp index, the increase of Vsw, and the extreme fluctuations of Bz index. Three big events occurred on May 28th 2017, September 8th 2017, and August 26th 2018, which had the Dst increase to as high as -125 nT, -124 nT, and -174 nT (< -100 nT), respectively, followed by seventeen minor storm events with Dst between -45 nT until -76 nT. The geomagnetic storm events were probably driven by earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME) or halo CMEs or high-speed solar wind flows from coronal holes. This result was also supported with the data of flux electron detected at outer radiation belt that have been increased. It can be concluded that the north-south interplanetary magnetic field (Bz) and speed of solar wind (Vsw) have a strong correlation to geomagnetic storm events in which the increasing of Bz followed the increasing of Vsw.
Pulse Height Analyzer with Coincidence Correction
Authors: Saputra Casmika , Waris Abdul , Munir Muhammad Miftahul , Novitrian
Published: June 2022

A pulse height analyzer (PHA) is used to measure the frequency distribution of the signal output height of an event detector. However, the typical PHA algorithm has limitations in measurement; it cannot distinguish multiplet due to coincidence and singlet pulse. Coincidences will pile up the signals that make the pulse height value higher than it should be. Therefore, this study has developed a simple algorithm to calculate pulse height distribution with coincidence correction (PHA-CC). The developed algorithm firstly identified the coincidence pulse by considering its pulse width. The result shows that the developed algorithm could successfully distinguish multiplet and singlet pulses. The significance of pulse height distribution measured by the PHA-CC compared to regular PHA was also discussed in this paper.
Potential of UAV Application for Forest Fire Detection
Authors: Muid A , Kane H , Sarasawita I K A , Evita M , Aminah N S , Budiman M , Djamal M
Published: June 2022

Improved ground and aerial system technologies enable mapping and monitoring forests and land to mitigate forest fires. UAV plays a role in monitoring by collecting forest area images from the air, which could be processed into 2D and 3D images. They can be analyzed to identify land cover types and objects in forest areas. This image data collection uses the DJI Phantom 4 Pro UAV controlled automatically with a flight plan made with Pix4D Capture, which is then processed using Agisoft. The result of the mapping has an average GSD of 2,03 cm/px. The mapping result shows that the 3D image produced can show objects in various land cover types. Weather related parameters were measured using ground sensors both in forest and plain area. We had successfully gathered forest and plain area images in addition to weather related parameters in Tangkuban Perahu Mountain area.
Sound Absorption Characterisation of Layered Arrangements of Pineapple Leaf Fiber-Epoxy Composite prepared by a Simple Mixing – Hot Pressing Process
Authors: Widayani  , Noeriman A , Wungu T D K , Adhika D R
Published: June 2022

As with other natural fiber-based composites, pineapple leaf fiber-epoxy composites could be potentially used as sound absorber materials. Sound absorption coefficient of a material depends on several factors, such as thickness and sound frequency. Layered arrangement is usually used to increase thickness. In this research, sound absorption characteristic of one-, two- and three-layer arrangement of the Pineapple leaf fiber-epoxy composite containing 11 and 17% (w/w) of epoxy concentration have been studied. The composites were prepared by a simple mixing followed by hot pressing process, and the sound absorption coefficient was measured according to ISO 10534-2 by using an impedance tube. At low frequency range (<1 kHz) the sound absorption coefficient increases as the layer number increases. At frequency range >1 kHz, the sound absorption coefficient variates at above 0.6. In this frequency range, the sound absorption coefficient of Pineapple Leaf fiber-epoxy composite is influenced by epoxy concentration. The composite containing 11% of epoxy concentration gives higher sound absorption coefficient compared to that of 17%. One-layer composite is better sound absorbing materials at frequency >3 kHz, as it gives higher sound absorption coefficient compared to other arrangements.
Integrated Array of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Supercapacitor for Photo-Supercapacitor Multifunctional Harvesting Device
Authors: Diantoro Markus , Ittikhad Akhmad Al , Albadi’ah Ida Vaeruza , Latifah Eny , Taufiq Ahmad , Meevasana Worawat
Published: June 2022

Photo-supercapacitor (PSc) was an integration of photovoltaic as a device for harvesting light energy and supercapacitor as an energy storage device. Multifunctional harvesting device has increasing demand in the green energy industry sector. In this study, we demonstrate the integrated array of photovoltaic type dye-sensitized solar cells and carbon-based supercapacitors. The photo-supercapacitor integration will be arranged in a different arrangement, called series and parallel arrangement. DSSC photoanode was used TiO2material that deposited using screen printing method on FTO substrate. Activated Carbon/Carbon Black/SBR as a material composite of the electrode was deposited on the aluminium foil substrate using dr. blade technique. XRD characterization has identified the TiO2anatase. The morphology of mesoporous TiO2 and Ti element has been identified by SEM characterization and EDX of 64.30 wt%. The UV-Vis spectroscopy curve has identified the absorbance in the wavelength range of 200 – 900 nm and the absorbance area of 914.58. The J-V characterization shows that TiO2 photoanode has a efficiency of 2.15 %. The Charge-Discharge shows that AC/CB/SBR performance has capacitance specific of 61.33 F/g. The l–-V characterization of photo-supercapacitor performance was arranged by series has voltage higher than parallel arrangement, because it produces a larger voltage (Vop
).
Lithium doping effect on microstructural and electrical properties of zinc oxide thin film grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Mustajab M A , Winata T , Arifin P
Published: June 2022

In this study, the undoped and Li-doped ZnO thin films were grown on Si(100) substrate using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Zinc acetylacetonate hydrate and lithium acetylacetonate solution were used as ZnO thin film precursor and Li dopant source. The effect of lithium doping on microstructural was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). XRD diffractogram analysis shows that undoped and Li-doped ZnO thin films have polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structures with preferred peak crystal orientation (103). Li doping slightly changes the lattice parameters and cell volume of ZnO thin films through the increase of crystallite size and slightly affects the surface morphology of ZnO thin films. Current-voltage (I-V) measurement and four-point probe method were used to measure the electrical properties of lithium doped ZnO thin films. The electrical conductivity of ZnO thin films increases as Li doping is given compared to undoped films. These results are also supported by the I-V curve of Li-doped ZnO thin films by having a higher slope, indicating improvement in electrical properties.
Comparative Evaluation on Nuclear Shell Correction Calculation using Regulation Bayesian and Moving Average Methods
Authors: Kurniadi Rizal
Published: June 2022

Since Strutinsky had proposed a shell correction for nuclear mass calculations in 1967, there has been much further research on this topic. In addition to the development carried out on the Strutinsky method, some studies try to apply the shell correction. This paper is included in the development of the shell correction method. There are two techniques used in this work the first is the average method, while the second is the Bayesian regulation method. The two techniques are very different from those Strutinsky originally developed. He used the hermit polynomial as an extension of delta Dirac. This paper will show a comparative study of the two alternative techniques for calculating shell correction.
Parametric Study of Thorium Fuel Utilization on Small Modular Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR)
Authors: Lapanporo B P , Su’ud Z
Published: June 2022

Small Modular Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) can be used to overcome the problem of electricity shortages in remote areas with fewer populations. These reactors usually use uranium-based fuel. Currently, the use of thorium-based fuels for this type of reactor has received constant attention, leading to several investigations of fuel performance. This study aims to determine the performance of thorium-based fuel in the PWR core at a power level of 300 MWt. The analysis was carried out by varying the percentage of U-233 as fissile material in Thorium (Th-233U)O2 fuel by 3%-8% and Pa-231 variation as burnable poison 0.2%-5%. In addition, analysis of changes in the volume fraction of fuel ranging from 40%-60%, with the type of cladding used in the form of Zirlo. The calculation system uses the SRAC computer code with PIJ and CITATION modules for cell and core calculations, using JENDL-4.0 nuclide data. Parameters analyzed from the fuel cell calculation results are reactor criticality, excess reactivity, and power density profile. The analysis results show that the best fuel performance is found in fuel volume fraction of 60%, U-233 configuration on the fuel of 4-5-6%, and the addition of 2.5% Pa-231. This fuel configuration can achieve cycles of up to 19 years with excess reactivity at BOL of 2.57% dk/k and excess reactivity at EOL of 0.87% dk/k.
The Simulation of the Stratification Process of Some Liquid Salts by Using the Moving Particle Semi-Implicit Method
Authors: Yulianto Y , Mustari A P A , Baliana A
Published: June 2022

The use of liquid fuel is one of the developments in nuclear technology. Molten Salt Reactor leads the new technology in nuclear engineering in using liquid fuel. One of the interesting phenomena about using liquid fuel is how the inter-liquid fuel interacts, especially its stratification behavior. In this study, some components of the liquid salts, i.e. LiF-BeF2 (flibe), LiF-NaF-KF (flinak), and NaF-ZrF4 (nafzirf), paired with the Al liquid, were investigated to understand the stratification behavior of these liquids by simulation in the framework of the Moving Particle Semi-Implicit (MPS). The obtained results show the typical results of stratification with different physical properties. On the other hand, these results are good enough in explaining the interaction inter-liquid. In this study, it is obtained that the difference in density of the colliding liquid has a significant effect on the stratification process. The different result was obtained when explaining the temperature. The temperature of the colliding liquids does not have a significant effect on both the stratification process and the velocity profiles. These results are very important to conduct the next study about liquid salts.
Filtration efficiency analysis of cotton cloth-based mask for reducing transmission rate of COVID-19 using PM2.5 detection methods
Authors: Permana Sidik , Trianti Nuri
Published: June 2022

The spreading or transmission rate of COVID-19 caused by SARS-Cov2 infection is extremely fast and now almost all countries around the world reported the case of the disease. As a new type of coronavirus, it was identified that the size of SARS-Cov2 is about 100 nm (nano-meter). The spreading droplet from coughs is between 1 meter to another person around him. Therefore, the important task is to make a physical distancing more than 1 meter from the infected person. The transmission model of COVID-19 is different from other virus disease transmission such as through airborne or direct touch. The common transmission of COVID-19 is from the spreading of the droplet through the air as well as the other media surface. The transmission of respiratory infection via droplet will have different dimensions or sizes. When the droplet size of particles in diameter is less than 5μm (<5μm), this size will be referred to as droplet nuclei and it can be the residue of dried respiratory aerosol that results from evaporation of droplet coughed or sneezed into the atmosphere or by aerosolization of infective material. Another droplet size is 5 to 10 μm or more, it can be referred as a respiratory droplet or respiratory aerosols. One of the causes of the very fast-spreading transmission rate of COVID-19 is coming from droplet transmission through the air which contain virus in small droplet size type. It is recommended that airborne precautions for any situation involving the care of COVID-19 patients and consider the use of medical masks as an acceptable option in case of shortages of respirators (N95, FFP2 or FFP3). The other medical mask for general purposes in hospitals or clinics is a surgical mask. A surgical mask, also known as a procedure mask, medical mask, or simply as a face mask. Because of very rare and limited production volume of masks for ordinary people as well as special mask for medical also becomes very limited. Some homemade small industry tries to develop their own mask type and design by their own self. The use of homemade cloth base masks is becoming a new industry or an alternative for society to protect their health and activity from COVID-19. PM2.5 refers to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) that have a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers. In the present study, the filtration efficiency of cloth cotton mask type by using detector particle type of PM2.5 is evaluated for reducing transmission of COVID-19. N95 mask type was used to be compared as special medical mask application with the cotton type mask for general use of people when the mask was very limited in the market. The analysis focused on the filtration efficiency of the mask that can reduce the particles entering the detector especially for particle size 2.5 micrometers or less to be used for droplet size of COVID-19 with the size of around that number.