bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of PTH1R Signaling in Prx1+ Mesenchymal Progenitors during Eruption
Authors: Cui C. , Bi R. , Liu W. , Guan S. , Li P. , Song D. , Xu R. , Zheng L. , Yuan Q. , Zhou X. , Fan Y.
Published: June 2020

Tooth eruption is a complex process requiring precise interaction between teeth and adjacent tissues. Molecular analysis demonstrates that bone remodeling plays an essential role during eruption, suggesting that a parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) gene mutation is associated with disturbances in bone remodeling and results in primary failure of eruption (PFE). Recent research reveals the function of PTH1R signaling in mesenchymal progenitors, whereas the function of PTH1R in mesenchymal stem cells during tooth eruption remains incompletely understood. We investigated the specific role of PTH1R in Prx1+ progenitor expression during eruption. We found that Prx1+-progenitors occur in mesenchymal stem cells residing in alveolar bone marrow surrounding incisors, at the base of molars and in the dental follicle and pulp of incisors. Mice with conditional deletion of PTH1R using the Prx1 promoter exhibited arrested mandibular incisor eruption and delayed molar eruption. Micro–computed tomography, histomorphometry, and molecular analyses revealed that mutant mice had significantly reduced alveolar bone formation concomitant with downregulated gene expression of key regulators of osteogenesis in PTH1R-deficient cells. Moreover, culturing orofacial bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) from Prx1Cre;PTH1Rfl/fl mice or from transfecting Cre recombinase adenovirus in OMSCs from PTH1Rfl/fl mice suggested that lack of Pth1r expression inhibited osteogenic differentiation in vitro. However, bone resorption was not affected by PTH1R ablation, indicating the observed reduced alveolar bone volume was mainly due to impaired bone formation. Furthermore, we found irregular periodontal ligaments and reduced Periostin expression in mutant incisors, implying loss of PTH1R results in aberrant differentiation of periodontal ligament cells. Collectively, these data suggest that PTH1R signaling in Prx1+ progenitors plays a critical role in alveolar bone formation and periodontal ligament development during eruption. These findings have implications for our understanding of the physiologic and pathologic function of PTH1R signaling in tooth eruption and the progression of PFE.
Penny for Your Preferences: Leveraging Self-Expression to Encourage Small Prosocial Gifts
Authors: Rifkin Jacqueline R. , Du Katherine M. , Berger Jonah
Published: June 2020

Prior approaches that leverage identity to motivate prosocial behavior are often limited to the set of people who already strongly identify with an organization (e.g., prior donors) or by the costs and challenges associated with developing stronger organization-linked identities among a broader audience (e.g., encouraging more people to care). In contrast, this research demonstrates that small prosocial gifts, such as tips or small donations, can be encouraged by framing the act of giving as an opportunity to express identity-relevant preferences—even if such preferences are not explicitly related to prosociality or the organization in need. Rather than simply asking people to give, the “dueling preferences” approach investigated in this research frames the act of giving as a choice between two options (e.g., cats vs. dogs, chocolate vs. vanilla ice cream). Dueling preferences increases prosocial giving by providing potential givers with a greater opportunity for self-expression—an intrinsically desirable opportunity. Seven experiments conducted in the laboratory, online, and in the field support this theorized process while casting doubt on relevant alternatives. This research contributes to work on self-expression and identity and sheds light on how organizations can encourage prosocial behavior.
Effects of Three Common Choral Performance Movement Conditions on Acoustic and Perceptual Measures of Choral Sound
Authors: Grady Melissa L. , Gilliam Tianna M.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of three commonly observed choral singer performance conditions (no movement, slight swaying, full-body swaying) on acoustic and perceptual measures of choral sound. We audio recorded an established university choir ( N = 29 singers) performing a memorized piece while viewing the same conductor video and participating in one of the three performance conditions. We analyzed data through long-term average spectrum (LTAS), overall pitch deviation, and singer and listener (singer-listeners, expert-listeners) perceptions. LTAS results showed significant differences ( p < .001) in spectral energy between all three conditions. The full-body swaying condition averaged a noticeable difference of 2.50 dB across the spectrum when compared to the other two conditions. Pitch analysis indicated the least overall pitch deviation during the slight swaying condition (−27.67 cents) and the most pitch deviation during the no-movement condition (−58.31 cents). Results indicated singer and singer-listener preferences for the full-body swaying condition and expert-listener preferences for the slight swaying condition. We discuss results in terms of future research and practical application for choral music educators.
Skull Base Fungal Osteomyelitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Di Lullo Antonella M. , Russo Camilla , Grimaldi Giusy , Capriglione Pasquale , Cantone Elena , del Vecchio Walter , Motta Gaetano , Iengo Maurizio , Elefante Andrea , Cavaliere Michele
Published: June 2020

Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is an invasive infection refractory to therapy, closely linked with malignant otitis externa (MOE). It is characterized by a mild clinical presentation that can delay cross-sectional imaging considered as the key to revealing it. Skull base osteomyelitis typically affects elderly diabetics and immunocompromised patients (>70 years). It most commonly has an otogenic origin due to an extension of MOE. The prognosis can be very poor without the administration of adequate and timely therapy at an early disease stage. Nowadays, Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains the most common pathogen associated with SBO. Fungi are a rare cause of MOE. This report documents a rare case of otogenic SBO caused by Candida parapsilosis in a diabetic patient, with persistent otologic symptoms as clinical onset and resistance to medical treatment. Fungal MOE has more subtle symptoms and is more aggressive than its bacterial counterpart. When MOE is resistant to antibacterial drugs, this should raise the suspicion of a fungal etiology of MOE. The current guidelines do not exhaustively describe the diagnosis, antifungal drugs of choice, and optimum duration of treatment. The description of these rare clinical cases should help with the multidisciplinary management of this disease in order to optimize the diagnosis and therapeutic protocol.
The effect of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation and electrical isotonic contraction on anthropometric parameters, body composition and angiogenesis factor, sirtunin-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α in obese people under a weight loss regime: A study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mohammadshahi Majid , Zakizadeh Elahe , Ahmadi-Angali Kambiz , Ravanbakhsh Majid , Helli Bijan
Published: June 2020

Background:

Obesity is defined as a chronic disease, and is known as a public health problem in developed and developing countries. Several studies have shown the effects of anti-obesity of α-lactalbumin.

Aim:

This study was designed to investigate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation and electrical isotonic contraction on anthropometric parameters, body composition and angiogenesis factor, sirtunin-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) in obese people under a weight loss regime.

Methods:

Obese people who meet the inclusion criteria are included. Participants are randomly divided into four groups (alpha-lipoic (1200 mg) +weight loss regime group; Faradic (three 1 hour sessions) + weight loss regime group; alpha-lipoic (1200 mg) + Faradic (three 1 hour sessions) + weight loss regime group; control group (1200 mg placebo) for 2 months. At the beginning and the end of the study, demographic information, dietary intake, anthropometric parameters, body composition and serum levels of the angiogenesis factor (sirtunin-1, PGC1α and nitric oxide) are measured.

Conclusion:

Recent studies reported the anti-obesity effects of alpha-lipoic acid. This study is novel, since a similar study has not yet been carried out. This study evaluates the effect of 600 mg of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation or having three sessions of 1 hour per week electrical isotonic contraction induced by Faradic for 2 months alone or in combination in obese people that are undergoing a weight loss regime.

Trial registration:

Iran Clinical Trials Registry, ID: IRCT20131117015424N2. Registered 2018-04-02
In Memory of Jerome L. Singer
Authors: Kunzendorf Robert
Published: June 2020

Jerome L. Singer was founding editor of Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, and was co-editor for 29 years. The author of this tribute in his memory was his co-editor for the last 9 of those 29 years.
Understanding the relationships between ecosystem services and associated social-ecological drivers in a karst region: A case study of Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Qiu Sijing , Peng Jian , Dong Jianquan , Wang Xiaoyu , Ding Zihan , Zhang Hanbing , Mao Qi , Liu Hongyan , Quine Timothy A , Meersmans Jeroen
Published: June 2020

Understanding the relationships among multiple ecosystem services could improve the landscape capacity to provide benefits to human society. However, the underlying mechanisms shaping ecosystem services relationships are still unclear although some studies have been conducted to explore how natural and socioeconomic factors influence the relationships among ecosystem services. In this study, the karst landscape in southwestern China, a vulnerable system with intensive human activities, was focused on, aiming to explore relationships between ecosystem services and associated social and ecological factors. The results showed that the distribution of eight individual ecosystem services were spatially heterogeneous and clustered based on the characteristics of the karst landscape. The relationships between provisioning services and regulating services, such as grain production and net primary productivity, as well as water yield and soil retention, were quite different between high karst coverage regions and low karst coverage regions. Among five ecosystem service bundles identified, ecosystem services in the urban development bundle were mainly determined by socioeconomic factors, while in the other four bundles of multifunction, grain production, habitat conservation, and carbon sequestration, ecosystem services were dominated by ecological factors. However, socioeconomic factors (i.e. population density and night-time light intensity) appeared to explain the overall ecosystem service delivery more than karst terrain. This study provided insights for sustainable ecosystem management in a vulnerable karst region through exploring social-ecological factors of the relationships among ecosystem services.
Exploring the Causes of Social Exclusion Related to Mobility for Non-Motorized Households
Authors: Villeneuve Dominic , Kaufmann Vincent
Published: June 2020

Using a lexicometric and qualitative data analysis of 57 semi-directed interviews with members of non-motorized households in the urban areas of Quebec City (Canada) and Strasbourg (France), this paper attempts to show whether living in a carless household in a car-dependent environment fosters feelings of social exclusion and if so, what the contributing factors are. Overall, a majority of respondents said they experienced feelings of social exclusion. Several factors were identified. The lack of consideration of non-motorized households in transportation planning processes and mobility policymaking appear to be important factors. In addition, many respondents perceived that they were not on an equal footing with drivers when it came to policy decisions. Motorized individuals with whom they interacted with, for example, in the workplace, also sometimes negatively judged and misunderstood their carless colleagues. Some also felt excluded from the job market, whereas others perceived exclusion from late evening social functions because of limited public transit schedules. Finally, not being able to get to certain places was often cited as a negative factor.
Link Cost Function and Link Capacity for Mixed Traffic Networks
Authors: Das Aathira K. , Rama Chilukuri Bhargava
Published: June 2020

Link cost function and link capacity are critical factors in traffic assignment modeling. Popular link cost functions like the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) function have well-known drawbacks and are not suitable for mixed traffic conditions where a variety of vehicle classes use the road in a non-lane-based movement. Similarly, capacity is generally considered as a constant value. However, in mixed traffic conditions, capacity is not constant, but a function of vehicle class composition. Toward addressing these issues, this paper proposes a link cost function in relation to link travel time and link capacity in relation to vehicular traffic flow for mixed traffic conditions. The functions are developed based on the kinematic wave model, which is popularly used for estimating traffic dynamics on the roads. The developed link cost function and link capacity use field measurable parameters that incorporate mixed traffic features. The functions are validated against empirical data obtained from 12 signal cycles from two different signalized intersections in Chennai, India, representing different scenarios of mixed traffic, and it was found that the results match well with the empirical data.
Micro Level Speed Choice Behavior on a Rural Highway in an Heterogeneous Traffic Environment: Latent Class Modeling Approach
Authors: Sohel Mahmud S. M. , Ferreira Luis , Shamsul Hoque Md. , Tavassoli Ahmad
Published: June 2020

The modeling of driver speed choice behavior on a rural highway with heterogeneous traffic environment in a developing country is reported. The study explores the application of a latent class model as an alternative methodological approach, to relate factors such as road geometry, roadside environment, traffic mix and operational characteristics with speed choice at the micro level. In the conventional analysis based on lane-based homogeneous traffic environments, the impact of exogenous variables is kept constant across road segments; whereas those impacts might vary across different segments for different conditions. To check this possible variation, the study compares latent class linear regression with ordinary least square, as well as the random parameter linear regression model. The proposed models were estimated using data collected from two sections of a major national highway in Bangladesh. The entire roadway section was divided into several small segments and the critical segment length was estimated based on several sensitivity tests. The small segmental level exogenous variables were considered for the model building and estimation. The results obtained could be used to understand better the speed choice factors of drivers in the non-lane-based traffic environments of developing countries. Law enforcement agencies, traffic operation and maintenance officials, as well as roadway design and planning authorities, could gainfully use the findings of this study to inform more responsive speed management strategies.
Housing and Transportation: The Relationship between Residential Location, Local Retail Economies, and Commutes of Low-Income Families in Mexico City
Authors: Reyes Ariadna
Published: June 2020

This paper provides a new perspective on the trade-offs between housing location and transportation in Mexico City. Fieldwork provides detailed, community-level information on residents’ commutes across two neighborhoods that differ in their proximity to the urban core, and the consolidation of local retail economies. After controlling for household income, a residence in the peripheral housing development of Los Alamos increases commute times by 114 to 139 percent when compared with the informal community of Isidro Fabela in Mexico City. Informal workers spend 42 percent less time commuting than formal workers because they work in businesses within their local retail economy.
A Mixed-Methods Examination of the Unique Associations of Gender-Sexuality Alliance Involvement and Family Support on Bravery in Sexual and Gender Minority Youth
Authors: Ceccolini Christopher J. , Poteat V. Paul , Calzo Jerel P. , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Meyer Kasey
Published: June 2020

Research among sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth has suggested associations between Gender-Sexuality Alliance (GSA) involvement and better health. Emergent research has similarly demonstrated associations between family support and general well-being among SGM youth. However, the trait of bravery has received little attention in this literature, despite its relevance for youth in marginalized positions. We examined the association between level of GSA involvement, family support, and bravery among GSA members ( n = 295; Mage = 16.07), and whether those associations differed based on sexual orientation or gender identity. We then conducted one-on-one interviews with SGM youth ( n = 10), to understand how they understood bravery and experienced support in both GSA and family contexts. Greater GSA involvement significantly predicted greater bravery for all youth, whereas greater family support predicted greater bravery only for heterosexual youth. No significant moderation was found for gender minority youth. Our qualitative findings clarified how SGM youth conceptualized bravery and how they experienced it within their GSA and family settings. GSAs were associated with more frequent displays of explicit support for SGM identity, while families were perceived as providing less explicit support.
The Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin in Pediatric Chronic Migraine: A Literature Review
Authors: Marcelo Raymundo , Freund Brin
Published: June 2020

Aims:

To conduct a review of the literature on the use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of pediatric chronic migraine.

Methods:

A review of the literature was performed using EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane/Ovid. Using our inclusion and exclusion criteria, we targeted any study, published before April 2020, evaluating the efficacy of botulinum toxin in migraineurs younger than 18 years.

Results:

Seven studies were included: 2 retrospective analyses, 3 case series, a case report, and a randomized control trial. Studies included 1 to 125 patients, with the number of botulinum toxin treatments ranging from 1 to 11 treatments. The results of the randomized controlled trial showed nonsuperiority between placebo and botulinum toxin. Results of the other studies were generally favorable but were difficult to compare because of lack of standardization of botulinum toxin dosing, injection paradigm, frequency and duration of treatment, usage of accompanying prophylaxis, and variation in outcome measures across studies. There was low-quality evidence that botulinum toxin improved headache frequency and intensity, though some studies demonstrated efficacy in treatment with botulinum toxin.

Conclusion:

This review is the first of its kind, updating the literature on the efficacy of botulinum toxin in pediatric patients. Given evidence of its utility in treating pediatric migraines, off-label use should be considered in certain cases. Further study is warranted to better characterize injection paradigms and patient selection because of the limited and inconsistent data available.
Trends in Pain Prevalence among Adults Aged 50 and Older across Europe, 2004 to 2015
Authors: Zimmer Zachary , Zajacova Anna , Grol-Prokopczyk Hanna
Published: June 2020

Objectives: We examine recent trends in pain prevalence among adults aged 50+ across Europe. Methods: Data for 15 countries from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe are examined for two periods: 2004–2011 and 2013–2015. Trends are shown descriptively, using a multilevel modeling strategy controlling for covariates, and modeled on a country-specific basis. Results: Population-level pain prevalence ranges from about 30% to about 60% depending on the country and year. Pain is more prevalent in women and generally increases with age. There is an increase in prevalence over time, net of age, and other predictors. Prevalence increased with an annual average of 2.2% between 2004 and 2011 and 5.8% between 2013 and 2015, in fully adjusted models. Discussion: Trends in pain prevalence have implications for disability, healthcare utilization, productivity, and population health. These findings are not optimistic but align with other population-wide studies, suggesting a global trend of rising pain prevalence.
A patient-specific numerical model of the ankle joint for the analysis of contact pressure distribution
Authors: Muralidharan Laxmi , Cardiff Philip , Fitzgerald Karen , Flavin Robert , Ivanković Alojz
Published: June 2020

A patient-specific numerical model of the ankle joint has been developed using open-source software with realistic material properties that mimics the physiological movement of the foot during the stance phase of the gait cycle. The patient-specific ankle geometry has been segmented as a castellated surface using 3DSlicer from the computed tomography image scans of a subject with no congenital or acquired pathology; subsequently, the bones are smoothed, and cartilage is included as a uniform thickness extruded layer. A high-resolution Cartesian mesh has been generated using cfMesh. The material properties are assigned in the model based on the CT image Hounsfield intensities and compared to a sandwich-based material model. Gait data of the same subject was obtained and used to relatively position the tibia, talus, and calcaneus bones in the model. The stance phase of the gait cycle is simulated using a cell-centred finite-volume method implemented in open-source software OpenFOAM. The predicted peak contact pressures occur in the range of 4.85–5.53 MPa with average pressures in the range of 1.56–1.95 MPa, and the contact area ranges between 429 and 707.8 mm2 for the entire stance phase with the mid-stance phase predicting the maximum contact area. These predictions are in agreement with results from the literature. The effect of arthritis on the contact characteristics of the ankle joint has also been examined. A concentrated increase in pressure was predicted that could be manifested as pain, thereby leading to reduced motion in the ankle. The model, with continued development, has the capability to understand the effect of joint degradation and furthermore, could help provide a tool to predict the efficiency of therapeutic surgical procedures as well as guide the development of next generation ankle prostheses. The work would be made available in the University College Dublin depository ( https://github.com/laxmimurali/anklejoint ) as well as research gate once the article has been published.
An Assessment and Planning Methodology for University-Based: Entrepreneurship Ecosystems
Authors: Meyer Marc H. , Lee Chaewon , Kelley Donna , Collier Greg
Published: June 2020

This paper proposes a method for assessing a university-based entrepreneurship ecosystem, grounded in the identification of major stakeholders, entrepreneurship-related activities directly related to those stakeholders, and with an eye to more comprehensive experiential entrepreneurship education that goes beyond traditional classroom education. The method incorporates specific approaches with each major activity area as well as outcomes, which are then aggregated into overall ecosystem strategy and performance. The paper concludes with an approach to action planning and resource allocation staging for university officials and supporting government bodies.
The Gig Economy’s Implications for Management Education
Authors: Caza Arran
Published: June 2020

Traditional employment is typically defined as ongoing full-time work for one employer. However, other employment relationships are becoming more prevalent, a phenomenon often called the “rise of the gig economy.” As much as one third of the adult workforce may already be involved in gig work, and this proportion is likely to grow. The increasing prevalence of gig work has implications for all aspects of organizing, including management education. In this essay, based on discussions I had about these issues at previous UnConference meetings, I describe some of the challenges and opportunities that the gig economy creates for the scholarship of teaching and learning. Combining employment statistics with preliminary research evidence, I highlight three broad areas for future investigation: how the gig economy may influence students, how it may influence faculty, and how it may influence universities. My hope is that this essay inspires new research and improved practice.
Pacific Women, HIV, and Me: A Positioned Critical Poetic Inquiry
Authors: Redman-MacLaren Michelle
Published: June 2020

In this article, poetic inquiry is introduced, the author’s standpoint explicated, and a critical poetic inquiry from the Pacific nation of Papua New Guinea reported. Auto-ethnographic, narrative, and found (transcription) poems are included re-presenting observational and qualitative data. Impacts of violence, poverty, and stigma, along with life-affirming actions of individuals, families, and their communities, are explored. This critical poetic inquiry encourages the reader toward critical thinking and positive action for improved sexual health and well-being.
Pembrolizumab-induced severe rejection and graft intolerance syndrome resulting in renal allograft nephrectomy
Authors: Padala Sandeep A , Patel Shivam K , Vakiti Anusha , Patel Nikhil , Gani Imran , Kapoor Rajan , Muhammad Saeed
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Pembrolizumab is a selective anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits PD-1 activity by binding to the PD-1 receptor that is found on activated T-cells. The goal of the treatment is to allow the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells by preventing cancer cells from binding to PD-1 receptors, leading to decreased tumor growth. The activation of T-cells by pembrolizumab not only leads to the destruction of malignant cells but also attacks the donor alloantigens that are present in a renal transplant, resulting in graft rejection.

Case report

We present a case of a 46-year-old African American female with history of renal transplant who was treated with pembrolizumab for stage IV B endometrial adenocarcinoma and experienced renal transplant rejection and severe graft intolerance syndrome. Management and outcome: Due to ongoing graft intolerance, a transplant nephrectomy was performed. Allograft pathology was consistent with non-viable kidney with tubulitis, interstitial fibrosis and necrosis consistent with transplant rejection without any evidence of malignancy.

Discussion

As emphasized in our case, there is a very high risk of graft rejection in patients who need to be placed on immunomodulators such as pembrolizumab, so the risk versus benefit needs to be assessed and discussed. Our case is unique because pembrolizumab not only caused graft rejection but also severe graft intolerance syndrome which led to transplant nephrectomy. Further guidelines are needed in renal transplant patients requiring PD-1 inhibitors to establish the ideal treatment plan of immunosuppression management and anti-cancer treatments.
Practical strategies to manage cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Saudi Oncology Pharmacy Assembly Experts recommendations
Authors: Alshamrani Majed , AlHarbi Atika , Alkhudair Nora , AlNajjar Fouad , Khan Mansoor , Obaid Abdulaziz Ben , Khardaly Amr , Bajnaid Eshtyag , Samarkandi Hadeel , AlAzmi Aeshah , Alabdali Salman , AlNahedh Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Purpose

During COVID-19 pandemic, cancer patients are considered one of the most vulnerable to infection since they tend to have advanced age, multiple comorbidities, and are often immunosuppressed by their cancer or therapy. Hence, the Saudi Oncology Pharmacy Assembly has issued recommendations to reduce the frequency of cancer patients’ visits to oncology centers during the pandemic while maintaining the access to cancer therapy and minimize the risk of exposure to coronavirus disease.

Materials and methods

A qualitative methodological approach was conducted in April 2020 using a virtual panel discussion for collection of recommendations.

Results

A total of 12 expert oncology pharmacy practitioners shared their knowledge and experiences in managing oncology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants recognized many fundamental recommendations that were already applied in many cancer centers since the start of the COVID-19 outbreak. On that basis, the panelists developed eight practice-related recommendations for action, with a main focus on cancer treatment modification.

Conclusions

In conclusion, delivering cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic carries significant challenges. This paper addressed suggestions to properly manage cancer patients during difficult times. Implementing changes in practice mandates a national collaborative effort from different sectors to guarantee the quality and continuity of care. The SOPA expert panel developed these recommendations, to ultimately contribute in maintaining access to cancer therapy while minimizing the risk of COVID-19 exposure.
Self-Efficacy and Nutrition-Related Goal Achievement of MyFitnessPal Users
Authors: Bracken Madison L. , Waite Bradly M.
Published: June 2020

Mobile health applications (apps) are increasing in popularity to assist in health behavior change and maintenance. Drawing from constructs outlined within the social cognitive theory by Bandura, we explored how frequently users of a popular health app achieved their health-related goals. Participants reportedly used the MyFitnessPal (MFP) app within the past year completed an online survey on how often they used MFP, their self-efficacy for healthy eating (SE-HE), and achievement of nutrition-related goals. Findings suggest that higher levels of SE-HE and greater use of MFP predicted greater goal achievement. One important finding was that greater use of MFP related to increased reports for goal achievement when SE-HE was lower but not when participants showed high level of SE-HE. The results from this study suggest that MFP may be the most helpful for those who find it more difficult to meet their nutrition-related goals.
Effect of CSL on the characteristics of six-pocket hybrid irregular journal bearing
Authors: Chaudhary Abhishake , Rajput Arvind K , Verma Rajiv
Published: June 2020

This article examines the effect of couple stress lubricant on the characteristics of six-pocket hybrid irregular journal bearing system. Various shapes of irregular journals viz. barrel, bell-mouth, and undulated journal are considered in the analysis. To model the behavior of the flow of couple stress lubricant in bearing clearance space, the modified form of Reynolds equation is derived by using Stokes theory. The unknown pressure field in Reynolds equation is determined by using Galerkin's method. To illustrate the effect of couple stress lubricant on bearing system, the results for characteristics parameters of journal bearing system are presented. The results noticeably reveal that the presence of different geometrical irregularities in journal may ominously influence the performance of bearing system. Further, the use of couple stress lubricant instead of Newtonian lubricant offers a significant improvement in the value of bearing characteristic parameters of geometrically irregular hybrid journal bearing system viz. [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Characterization of thalamic lesions and their correlates in multiple sclerosis by ultra-high-field MRI
Authors: Mehndiratta Ambica , Treaba Constantina A , Barletta Valeria , Herranz Elena , Ouellette Russell , Sloane Jacob A , Klawiter Eric C , Kinkel Revere P , Mainero Caterina
Published: June 2020

Background:

Thalamic pathology is a marker for neurodegeneration and multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression.

Objective:

To characterize (1) the morphology of thalamic lesions, (2) their relation to cortical and white matter (WM) lesions, and (3) clinical measures, and to assess (4) the imaging correlates of thalamic atrophy.

Methods:

A total of 90 MS patients and 44 healthy controls underwent acquisition of 7 Tesla images for lesion segmentation and 3 Tesla scans for atrophy evaluation. Thalamic lesions were classified according to the shape and the presence of a central venule. Regression analysis identified the predictors of (1) thalamic atrophy, (2) neurological disability, and (3) information processing speed.

Results:

Thalamic lesions were mostly ovoid than periventricular, and for the great majority (78%) displayed a central venule. Lesion volume in the thalamus, cortex, and WM did not correlate with each other. Thalamic atrophy was only associated with WM lesion volume ( p = 0.002); subpial and WM lesion volumes were associated with neurological disability ( p = 0.016; p < 0.001); and WM and thalamic lesion volumes were related with cognitive impairment ( p < 0.001; p = 0.03).

Conclusion:

Thalamic lesions are unrelated to those in the cortex and WM, suggesting that they may not share common pathogenic mechanisms and do not contribute to thalamic atrophy. Combined WM, subpial, and thalamic lesion volumes at 7 Tesla contribute to the disease severity.
Ageism in the era of digital platforms
Authors: Rosales Andrea , Fernández-Ardèvol Mireia
Published: June 2020

Ageism is the most invisible form of discrimination. While there is some awareness of gender, racial, and socioeconomic discrimination on digital platforms, ageism has received less attention. This article analyzes some tools that are frequently embedded on digital platforms from an old-age perspective, in order to increase awareness of the different ways in which ageism works. We will firstly look at how innovation teams, following homophilic patterns, disregard older people. Secondly, we will show how ageism tends to be amplified by the methods often used on digital platforms. And thirdly, we will show how corporate values contradict the usability issues that mainly affect people with a low level of (digital) skills, which is more common among older people. Counterbalancing the abusive power control of the corporations behind digital platforms and compensating for the underrepresentation of groups in less favorable situations could help to tackle such discrimination.
To be a surgeon may be life saving
Authors: Aysan Erhan
Published: June 2020

In the first 24 h after multiple rib fractures, a life-threatening massive hemothorax is very rare but can cause death at home in cases who have been discharged. A 50-year-old male general surgeon, was admitted to the emergency unit after a motorcycle accident. Multiple rib fractures were diagnosed but no hemopneumothorax or hemodynamic instability were observed. After 24 h of observation, he was discharged. On the fifth day at home he was woken by symptoms of acute massive hemothorax. With the assistance of his wife he commenced intravenous fluid resuscitation to treat his own hemodynamic instability and transferred himself to his own hospital via ambulance where he subsequently underwent thoracotomy for arrest of haemorrhage. Late development of a massive hemopneumothorax after multiple rib fractures is rare, but may be a life-threatening risk. Such patients should be more closely followed up and informed about symptoms and treatment.
Field triage of children with abdominal trauma
Authors: Linakis Seth W , Lloyd Julia K , Kline David , Holmes James F , Stanley Rachel M , Leonard Julie C
Published: June 2020

Objective

Identify physical findings in children with abdominal trauma to inform prehospital providers regarding appropriate hospital destinations.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Abdominal Trauma Public Use Dataset. Children involved in motor vehicle collisions; struck by motor vehicles at >20 mph; involved in all-terrain vehicle, motorcycle, or scooter accidents; or who fell from >10 ft ( n = 5575) were included. Stepwise multivariable multinomial logistic regression was used to compare clinical findings at presentation between children with no intra-abdominal injury, intra-abdominal injury without intervention, and intra-abdominal injury with intervention (laparoscopy/laparotomy, embolization, red blood cell transfusion, or admission >48 h on intravenous fluids).

Results

Compared to children with no intra-abdominal injury, children with intra-abdominal injury (with and without intervention) were more likely to have evidence of abdominal wall trauma, abdominal tenderness, peritoneal irritation, decreased breath sounds, distracting painful injury, and evidence of thoracic trauma. Children with intra-abdominal injury requiring intervention were more likely to have evidence of abdominal wall trauma (OR 3.32, 95% CI 2.03–5.44) and be intubated (OR 4.93, 95% CI 3.17–7.65) when compared to children with intra-abdominal injury without intervention.

Conclusions

The findings of abdominal tenderness, peritoneal irritation, decreased breath sounds, distracting painful injury, and thoracic trauma may be used to identify children who warrant evaluation at any trauma center because of increased risk of intra-abdominal injury, whereas intubation and evidence of abdominal wall trauma help identify children with intra-abdominal injury in need of transport to a pediatric trauma center due to risk of undergoing intervention.
Hybrid repair of proximal subclavian artery transection
Authors: Staniszewska Aleksandra , Anwar Muzaffar , Hamady Mohamad , Nott David
Published: June 2020

Although rare, subclavian artery injuries are associated with significant mortality and morbidity, with almost two-thirds of patients dying before reaching hospital. Recent advances in technology have resulted in increasing use of endovascular therapy in management of these injuries. In this report, we present a case of a successful hybrid repair of traumatic left proximal subclavian artery transection. The employment of an Amplatzer Vascular Plug to control a short proximal subclavian artery stump and subsequent ligation of the distal segment of subclavian artery with its anastomosis to the carotid artery resulted in excellent clinical outcome without performing a sternotomy in a young patient.
Love as an act of resistance: Ethical subversion in early childhood professional practice in England
Authors: Morris Lynette
Published: June 2020

Challenging the conventional binary of morality and subversion as opposing forces, this article presents a new construct of ethical subversion in early childhood education and care professional practice. The conceptual framework combines constructs of emotional labour and care ethics, and theorising on power and subversive tactics. Text generated from focus group discussions and individual semi-structured interviews with graduate early childhood education and care practitioners provides the concrete corpus for Foucauldian discourse analysis. Critical analysis elucidates how, on the one hand, practitioners working in England experience ethical boundaries reflecting dominant discourses, while, on the other, they feel morally committed to care responsively even if it contravenes rule-based ethics. Ethical subversion is born from both reason and emotion: these are acts of loving disobedience by experienced practitioners who possess a deep understanding of risk and the critical implications of their rule-bending. Ethical subversion is relational and individualistic, supporting a care pedagogy focusing on the individual care needs of young children. Conceptualisation of ethical subversion raises important issues in the areas of ethics, management and professionalism: ethical subversion is constructed as a powerful phenomenon, with potential for effecting positive transformation in the lives of children and their families, while simultaneously augmenting constructs of professionalism in early childhood education and care in England.
A framework for analyzing public reason theories
Authors: Billingham Paul , Taylor Anthony
Published: June 2020

Proponents of public reason views hold that the exercise of political power ought to be acceptable to all reasonable citizens. This article elucidates the common structure shared by all public reason views, first by identifying a set of questions that all such views must answer and, second, by showing that the answers to these questions stand in a particular relationship to each other. In particular, we show that what we call the ‘rationale question’ is fundamental. This fact, and the common structure more generally, are often overlooked or distorted within the literature. As a result, we argue, several prominent argumentative moves made by both critics and defenders of public reason are unsuccessful. Our overall conclusion is that discussions of public reason views would be more fruitful if they made consistent use of the common structure we identify.
Adapting Action Learning Strategies to Operationalize Reflection in the Workplace
Authors: Faller Pierre , Marsick Victoria , Russell Cynthia
Published: June 2020

The Problem

Organizations and human resources development (HRD) leaders are challenged to rethink and adapt learning and development strategies to address current and future needs. Yet, performance demands—as well as limited space, time, and resources—mean employees need to learn on their own. Not everyone knows how to do that well. The question arises: How can HRD better support employee learning?

The Solution

Reflective learning practices based on action learning (AL) support work-based learning. AL “tools” help peers learn by working together in diverse groups of nonexperts on real tasks to gain new perspectives and learn to frame and solve challenges.

The Stakeholders

This article shows, through a review of existing reflective processes and tools, how HRD practitioners can adapt these practices to help groups of peers and teams learn while working, to support the organization and its members in fast-changing environments.
Management and Outcomes of Diverticulitis After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Olson Michael T. , Elnahas Shaimaa , Dameworth Jonathan , Row David , Gagliano Ronald A. , Roy Sreeja Biswas , Kang Paul , Walia Rajat , Bremner Ross M.
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

Most lung transplant patients are older than 50 years. Complications from colonic diverticula are not uncommon, especially with chronic immunosuppression. However, limited data exist regarding the optimal management of these patients. We sought to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of diverticulitis after lung transplant.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study to review patients undergoing lung transplant between 2007 and 2016 with posttransplant acute colonic diverticulitis. Patients were grouped based on medical or surgical management.

Results:

Of 512 transplant recipients, 17 (3.32%) developed 26 episodes of diverticulitis over a median follow-up of 39 months. Nine patients had documented diverticulosis on pretransplant colonoscopy. These patients had a higher incidence of surgical intervention for diverticulitis, were more likely to have recurrent diverticulitis, and had longer lengths of stay than patients without pretransplant diverticulosis. Six (35.3%) of 17 patients required surgery (ie, Hartmann procedure; 4 during the initial episode and 2 during their third and fourth episodes); 11 patients (64.7%) were managed with antibiotics alone. Patients in the surgical group presented earlier posttransplant ( P = .004) and were on higher doses of tacrolimus ( P = .03). Six (46.1%) of 13 patients with medically managed first episodes of diverticulitis experienced recurrence. No recurrence occurred after surgical management. No deaths were attributable to diverticulitis in either group.

Conclusions:

Patients with pretransplant diverticulosis experienced earlier, more complicated episodes of diverticulitis posttransplant than patients without. Surgical patients received higher doses of tacrolimus and presented earlier than medical patients. Uncomplicated diverticulitis in posttransplant patients can be managed medically, even in the case of recurrent, uncomplicated disease.
Improvement of mechanical and thermal properties of hybrid composites through addition of halloysite nanoclay for light weight structural applications
Authors: Nagaraja K C , Rajanna S , Prakash G S , Rajeshkumar G
Published: June 2020

In this work the effect of stacking sequence of Carbon (C)/Glass (G) fibers and halloysites addition (1, 3 and 5 wt.%) on the mechanical and thermal properties of the hybrid composites were explored. The composite laminates were prepared by using Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Technique (VARIT). The outcomes disclosed that the hybrid composites having sequence of C2G3C2 (2-Carbon/3-Glass/2-Carbon layers) showed better overall properties. Moreover, the addition of halloysites enhanced the mechanical and thermal properties of the C2G3C2 hybrid composites. In particular, the hybrid composites added with 3 wt.% of halloysites showed higher overall properties among the other hybrid composites investigated. Finally, the morphological analysis was performed on the fractured surface of mechanical tested composites to study the failure mechanisms occurred. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the C2G3C2 hybrid composites added with 3 wt.% of halloysite could be a suitable alternative light weight material for automobile, aerospace and building structures.
A home-based smart health model
Authors: Bedón-Molina John , Lopez Mario J , Derpich Ivan S
Published: June 2020

This article is about an architectural hardware-software model creation—home-based smart health model—to boost healthcare to a higher position within society. As an emerging field, smart health modeling is still insufficient. Current smart health services are hospital centered, data are scattered and application dependent, and health service provision presents attention delays. Analyses of Internet of things, Internet of medical things, and smart health applications potentials are the bases for the proposed home-based smart health model. The model aims to facilitate the smart health development and strengthening. To evaluate whether the model does what it must do, first, check lists on how the model complies with current and future devices and applications, smart health impacts and smart health potentialities, and second, a case study analyses the model conformity through an Internet of things sophisticated cloud app.
Ready to lead school improvement? Perceived professional development needs of principals in Germany
Authors: Klein Esther Dominique , Schwanenberg Jasmin
Published: June 2020

As a result of reforms in the governance of schools, the role of principals in Germany has changed from a teacher with additional administrative tasks to a leader of school improvement. However, many principals in Germany did not receive any substantial formal training for management and leadership tasks. Using the results of a survey of 1240 principals in nine German states, we investigated in which areas of school improvement German principals had professional development needs and how their needs were related to individual and school-related factors. Despite a lack of training and in contrast to studies from other countries, principals reported only moderate professional development needs, and these were influenced, only to a limited extent, by their training and experience and, to a greater extent, by the individual self-efficacy and the perception of teachers in schools. The results might indicate that the normatively postulated change of the principal’s role has not yet permeated their practice.