bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Escherichia coli heat shock proteins IbpA and IbpB in protection of alcohol dehydrogenase AdhE against heat inactivation in the presence of oxygen.
Authors: Matuszewska Ewelina , Kwiatkowska Joanna , Ratajczak Elzbieta , Kuczyńska-Wiśnik Dorota , Laskowska Ewa
Published: March 2019

Escherichia coli small heat shock proteins IbpA and IbpB are molecular chaperones that bind denatured proteins and facilitate their subsequent refolding by the ATP-dependent chaperones DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE and ClpB. In vivo, the lack of IbpA and IbpB proteins results in increased protein aggregation under severe heat stress or delayed removal of aggregated proteins at recovery temperatures. In this report we followed the appearance and removal of aggregated alcohol dehydrogenase, AdhE, in E. coli submitted to heat stress in the presence of oxygen. During prolonged incubation of cells at 50 degrees C, when AdhE was progressively inactivated, we initially observed aggregation of AdhE and thereafter removal of aggregated AdhE. In contrast to previous studies, the lack of IbpA and IbpB did not influence the formation and removal of AdhE aggregates. However, in DeltaibpAB cells AdhE was inactivated and oxidized faster than in wild type strain. Our results demonstrate that IbpA and IbpB protected AdhE against thermal and oxidative inactivation, providing that the enzyme remained soluble. IbpA and IbpB were dispensable for the processing of irreversibly damaged and aggregated AdhE.
Identification of the csp gene and molecular modelling of the CspA-like protein from Antarctic soil-dwelling psychrotrophic bacterium Psychrobacter sp. B6.
Authors: Kaufman-Szymczyk Agnieszka , Wojtasik Arkadiusz , Parniewski Paweł , Białkowska Aneta , Tkaczuk Karolina , Turkiewicz Marianna
Published: March 2019

We cloned and sequenced the cspA-like gene from a psychrotrophic Antarctic soil-dwelling bacterial strain Psychrobacter sp. B6. The gene is 213 bp long and shows 99% and 98% sequence identity with the Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 gene encoding a cold-shock DNA-binding domain protein and the Psychrobacter arcticus transcriptional regulator-CspA gene, respectively. The protein encoded by the Psychrobacter sp. B6 cspA-like gene shows 100% identity with the two proteins mentioned above, and also 61% sequence identity with CspB from Bacillus subtilis and Csp from Bacillus caldolyticus, and 56% - with Escherichia coli CspA protein. A three-dimensional model of the CspA-like protein from Psychrobacter sp. B6 was generated based on three known structures of cold shock proteins: the crystal structure of the major cold shock protein from Escherichia coli (CspA), the NMR structure of the latter protein, and the NMR structure of Csp from Thermotoga maritima. The deduced structure of the CspA-like protein from Psychrobacter sp. B6 was found to be very similar to these known structures of Csp-like proteins.
Cytotoxicity and inhibitory properties against topoisomerase II of doxorubicin and its formamidine derivatives.
Authors: Kik Krzysztof , Studzian Kazimierz , Wasowska-Łukawska Małgorzata , Oszczapowicz Irena , Szmigiero Leszek
Published: March 2019

This work was undertaken to compare cytotoxicity, DNA damaging properties and effect on DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II of the anthracycline drug doxorubicin (DOX) and its two derivatives with a formamidino group containing a cyclic amine moiety such as morpholine (DOXM) or hexamethyleneimine (DOXH). The tetrazolium dye colorimetric assay was used to determine the cytotoxic activity of anthracyclines toward L1210 leukemia cells. DNA damage was measured by alkaline elution technique. The effect of anthracyclines on DNA cleavage was studied in a cell-free system containing supercoiled pBR322 DNA and purified human topoisomerase II. The cytotoxicity data and the results of studies on the mechanism of DNA break formation by anthracyclines at the cellular level and in the cell-free system showed that the presence of the formamidino group in the doxorubicin molecule reduced its ability to stimulate DNA cleavage by DNA topoisomerase II.
DNA topoisomerase II is not a primary cellular target for DOXM or DOXH. An advantageous feature of formamidinoanthracyclines is their mechanism of cytotoxic action which is not related to the inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II. Therefore this class of anthracyclines seems to be a good source for selection of an anticancer drug directed toward cancer cells with the developed multidrug resistance attributed to the presence of altered DNA topoisomerase II.
Spójność społeczno-gospodarcza Hiszpanii na tle krajów ue w kontekście strategii „Europa 2020”
Authors: Piętak Łukasz
Published: March 2019

Celem artykułu jest zbadanie postępu spójności społeczno-gospodarczej w Hiszpanii w kontekście strategii „Europa 2020”. W badaniach oparto się na wskaźnikach, które według tej strategii powinny zostać osiągnięte do 2020 roku. W analizach uwzględniono także założenia Narodowego Programu Reform wyznaczającego cele dla gospodarki hiszpańskiej w obszarze spójności społeczno-gospodarczej. W opracowaniu wykorzystano metodę badawczą polegającą na porównaniu wartości wskaźników w Hiszpanii i w krajach UE. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły, że w większości badanych obszarów rozwojowych gospodarka hiszpańska znajduje się w trudniejszej sytuacji niż kraje UE.
REVITALISASI PENDIDIKAN ASWAJA AN NAHDLIYAH (KE-NU-AN) DALAM MENANGKAL FAHAM RADIKALISME DI SMK AL-AZHAR MENGANTI GRESIK
Authors: Arif Muhamad
Published: March 2019

The rise of radicalism ideology, became the main work of the madrasa as a guardian of Islamic ideology that rahmatan lil alamin.. A unique phenomenon was found by researchers in an educational institution, namely in the Al-Azhar Menganti Vocational School (SMK), a middle-level educational institution that is included in the shelter of the Darul Ihsan Menganti Islamic boarding school foundation. Al-Azhar Menganti Vocational School (SMK), at the beginning of the admission of new students, each new student was given material on religiousness (NU-an), and there was ta'lim muta'alim in the style of the cottage for Nahdlatul Ulama. In addition, the NU studies were a study that was the closing point at the end of each semester, as one of the objectives was to achieve Islam rahmatan lil alamin and efforts to win the rise of the radical movement. This study uses qualitative research methods that produce descriptive data in the form of written or oral words from people and behaviors that can be seen during the research process. Related to this is arranged on the background of this individual as a whole (intact) without any engineering. Some of the main capital invested in Al-Azhar Vocational School students, as a real effort to counteract the amount of radicalism in the world of education, one of which is by incorporating self-education into the school curriculum as a local substitute. In addition to the implementation sought by the al-Azhar Menganti Vocational School, it does not include several limitations in implementing Aswaja education (Ke-NU-An), which is translated, namely the number of books abroad Aswaja Nahdliyyin (Ke-NU-An), in the name of Aswaja (Ke-NU-An).

Keywords: Education; Radicalism Ideology; Aswaja ideology
PRAKSIS INTERNALISASI KARAKTER KEMANDIRIAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN YATIM PIATU ZUHRIYAH YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Nashihin Husna
Published: March 2019

This article is a field research that uses the phenomenology approach. Data analysis used in tihis article is qualitative analysis. Zuhriyah Islamic Boarding School is an orphanage-specific boarding school. The internalization of independence character for santri is one of the main goals. This research has the following backgrounds; First, there is still a moral decadence in society today. Second, it is necessary to develop character education using habituation methods based on activities. Third, Zuhriyah Islamic Boarding School has implemented character habituation based on the management of pesantren activities. Fourth, the Zuhriyah Islamic Boarding School is an orphanage-specific boarding school, so there is a demand for santri to be more independent. Fifth, the character of independence becomes the main character instilled in this pesantren. Sixth, there is no research on the habituation of the character of independence in the Zuhriyah Islamic Boarding School. Furthermore, there are three urgent things to study, namely; first, the concept of character education at Zuhriyah Islamic Boarding School. Second, the basic of the internalization of the character of the santri in Zuhriyah Islamic Boarding School. Third, the habituation of the character of the independence of the santri at the Zuhriyah Islamic Boarding School. The concept of character education in the pesantren is in line with the theoretical conception of character education. There are seven activities in Zuhriyah Islamic Boarding School, namely; formal education and yellow book teaching, recitation and routine mujahadah, incidental activities, donations, cooking and cathering for serving food, management of kyai’s houses, and cleanliness of the boarding. Habituation of the character of independence is carried out by managing all this seven pesantren activities independently.

Keywords: Character Habituation; Independence of Santri; Zuhriyah Islamic Boarding School
La crítica como ética del cuidado de sí
Authors: Scasserra José Ignacio
Published: March 2019

El trabajo se propone evaluar el comentario de Michel Foucault al texto de Kant “¿Qué es la ilustración?” con el fin de dar cuenta de las continuidades que dicho comentario presenta para con la genealogía de las prácticas de sí greco – latinas que Foucault se encontraba estudiando entre los años 1980 y 1984, apartándose de este modo de una lectura que considere los trabajos foucaultianos sobre la Ilustración como un momento aislado de su producción en los años 80.  Para ello, en primer lugar, se desarrollará el texto kantiano sobre la ilustración, luego abordaremos el modo en que Foucault enmarcó sus trabajos en dichos años en el prólogo de El uso de los placeres, para finalmente dirigirnos a los dos textos de Foucault sobre la ilustración. Nuestro desarrollo será realizado prestando atención a un triple gesto que creemos encontrar tanto en el texto kantinao como en el foucaultiano: la descripción, la adscripción, y la prescripción de ambos autores hacia el proyecto ilustrado. Dicha “similitud estructural” nos permitirá ordenar los desarrollos de ambos.
Spolne in nacionalne razlike v emocionalni inteligentnosti in empatiji: Primerjava hrvaškega in portugalskega vzorca
Authors: Pongrac Jelena , Mohorić Tamara , Anić Petra
Published: March 2019

V raziskavi smo se osredotočili na odnos čustvene in kognitivne komponente empatije s sposobnostmi emocionalne inteligentnosti (označevanje, razumevanje in reguliranje čustev). Ker imata tako emocionalna inteligentnost kot empatija pomembno vlogo v človekovem družbeno-čustvenem zdravju in blagostanju, moramo bolje razumeti odnose med tema dvema sorodnima konstruktoma. Poleg tega smo z vzorci iz dveh različnih držav omogočili primerjavo na nacionalni ravni. V študiji sta sodelovala dva vzorca odraslih oseb iz Hrvaške (N = 138) in Portugalske (N = 138). V obeh vzorcih smo ugotovili zmerne pomembne korelacije med empatijo in emocionalno inteligentnostjo. Štiri dimenzije iz Indeksa medosebne odzivnosti (IRI; empatične skrbi, fantazije, osebne stiske in perspektive) so imele med seboj pomembno zmerno korelacijo s podobnimi vzorci korelacij v obeh vzorcih. Najvišje so bile korelacije za TEQ (afektivna komponenta empatije) in perspektive (kognitivna komponenta empatije) in različne komponente emocionalne inteligentnosti. Udeleženci portugalskega vzorca so imeli višje izraženo čustveno komponento empatije (empatična skrb in TEQ), kognitivna komponenta (perspektiva) pa je bila bolj izražena v hrvaškem vzorcu. Udeleženci portugalskega vzorca so imeli tudi višje dosežke na vseh treh komponentah emocionalne inteligentnosti kot udeleženci v hrvaškem vzorcu. Ne glede na državljanstvo so ženske imele višje dosežke na lestvicah empatična skrb, fantazija, zavzemanje perspektive in TEQ, medtem ko so moški dosegli višjo stopnjo osebne stiske. Kar se tiče emocionalne inteligentnosti, so ženske imele višje rezultate na ravni zaznavanja in razumevanja čustev.
Accuracy of Eddy-Current and Radar Methods Used to Reinforcement Detection
Authors: Drobiec Łukasz , Jasiński Radosław , Mazur Wojciech
Published: March 2019

Currently, electromagnetic and radar methods are the most common non-destructive tests for non-destructive rebar location in structures.. Both methods have some advantages, disadvantages and limitations. This article is an attempt to describe possibilities of particular methods with emphasizing their advantages and limitations. The first stage of tests included results from tests conducted on a lintel beam made of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) and reinforced with small-diameter rebars and rebars placed close to each other. The second stage consisted in testing nine lightweight concrete specimens, each with three bars having a diameter of 10, 16 and 20 mm at three different space arrangements, to determine the effect of bar diameter and spacing on the measurement accuracy. The reinforcement of lintels and specimens was tested with two different electromagnetic scanners and a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) device. Received results from direct tests were compared with results from non-destructive tests (NDT). NDT tests conducted in such an element were found to perform the correct assessment of the concrete cover, and at the same time to give ambiguous results with reference to shape and number of rebars.
Gamma and Beta Model of Growing and Rotating Planck Ball
Authors: U.V Satya Seshavatharam , Lakshminarayana S.
Published: March 2019

With reference to Planck scale, Mach’s relation, increasing support for large scale cosmic anisotropy and preferred directions and by introducing two new parameters Gamma and Beta, right from the beginning of Planck scale, we make an attempt to estimate ordinary matter density ratio, dark matter density ratio, mass, radius, temperature, age and expansion velocity (from and about the baby universe in all directions). We would like suggest that, from the beginning of Planck scale, 1) Dark matter can be considered as a kind of cosmic foam responsible for formation of galaxies. 2) Cosmic angular velocity is directly proportional to squared cosmic temperature. 3) Ratio of critical temperature to actual temperature plays a heuristic role in understanding ordinary and dark matter density ratios. 4) Cosmic expansion velocity increases with decreasing total matter density ratio. 5) There is no need to consider dark energy for understanding cosmic acceleration.
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate Biosynthesis by Municipal Sewage Sludge Isolated Bacillus megaterium Utilizing a Pleustophytic Ecological Plague in the Legendry Source of River Nile as the Sole Carbon Source
Authors: Omara Timothy , Laker Fortunate , Kalukusu Raymond , Musau Bashir , Ssebulime Stephen , Nassazi Winfred
Published: March 2019

Environmental isolates, genetically manipulated organisms, plants, animals and their products and economical methods are being expertly explored to biosynthesize poly-3-hydroxybutyrate plastics of comparable properties to petroplastics. This study assessed a hypothesized feasibility of utilizing a proliferative pleustophytic greenery, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach) in Lake Victoria, Uganda as a potential carbon source for poly-3-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis. The  poly-3-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium) was isolated from municipal sewage sludge and harnessed for batch fermentation of acid-catalysed water hyacinth biomass. Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate  formed in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cells was extracted by chloroform extraction method, and thereof confirmed and quantified by UV spectroscopy. Batch fermentation was carried out in 100ml of the culture media in a 250ml fermenter for different times (48, 96, 144 and 192 hours) to determine the best incubation time for maximum yield. An all-out net yield of 61.3% was realized after 96 hours of fermentation. Utilization of this ecological plague for poly-3-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis is a promising strategy for regulating the weed population along the length of Nile River and the Victorian basin.
A Study On The Effect Of Price Fairness Perceptions On Switching Intention In The Principle Of Dynamic Pricing
Authors: Mammadli Galandar , Başcı Ahmet
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this research is to determine whether the pricing policies of Airline companies in Turkey have created a perception from the fairness perspectives of the customers and if these perception have led to a change in airline company brands or how it has affected the repurchasing intentions of the customers. The online questionnaire prepared to test the purpose of the study was adapted from 4 different scales and consists of 18 questions. The online questionnaire prepared to test the purpose of the study is adapted from 4 different scales and consists of 18 questions. Questionnaires were applied to 426 individuals who were selected to be representative of the main population by simple non-random sampling method, and 399 questionaires were analyzed. As a result of the analyzes, it was found that the perception of price fairness differed from the demographic variables according to marital status and age, and that perception of fairness in price offers differed according to age only. In addition, it was found that the price fairness perceptions and fairness perceptions of price offers had a significant effect on the intention to change the brand.
Predictive Capacity of Drug Use, Impulsivity and Sensation-Seeking in Aggressors and Victims of Violence
Authors: Pérez-Fuentes María del Carmen , Molero Jurado María del Mar , Simón Márquez María del Mar , Gázquez Linares José Jesús
Published: March 2019

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was therefore to analyze the predictive capacity of the three variables (impulsivity, sensation-seeking and drug use) in aggressors and victims of violence. (2) Methods: The design is cross-sectional quasi-experimental. A sample of 822 students aged 13 to 18 who had filled in an ad hoc questionnaire, the State Impulsivity Scale and the Sensation-Seeking Scale, was used for this. (3) Results: The results show that aggressors had high levels of gratification, automatism, attentional factor, disinhibition and susceptibility to boredom, and use alcohol and/or tobacco. The variables that could predict involvement as an aggressor in peer conflict are use of alcohol, smoking, high levels of gratification, automatism and attentional factors and a high degree of disinhibition and susceptibility to boredom. The disinhibition is the best predictor of aggressor. (4) Conclusions: Thus having available empirical evidence that facilitates detection of predictive variables for participation in violence is going to favor the design of effective education intervention for reducing risk behavior.
The Expression of RN7SL494P (7SL) Predicts Nodal Metastasis and Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Xiao , Huang Yongmei , Luo Hui , Xu Ying
Published: March 2019

The metastasis of lung cancer can spread to the lymph nodes around the lungs. Metastasis, rather than the primary cancer, judges patients survival. Wherefore, a more detailed study on transcriptome of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma including primary carcinoma was carried out. LUAD RNA-seq data and the corresponding clinical information were available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), which included 522 cases but only 515 cases have transcriptome data. Differential expression analyses between cases and controls, between primary cancer and metastasis subgroup, or between TNM stages, were respectively carried out using edgeR package. Then, the Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to verify the gradient changes of cancer metastasis or staging with the differential expression genes. The survival analyses were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier algorithm and log-rank test. The functional predictions for the differentially expressed genes were porformed with the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (GO/KEGG). Single gene set enrichment analysis (single GSEA) was run to explore the biological pathways associated with the expressions of RN7SL494P gene based on the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). 406 and 439 differentially expressed genes were identified respectively in lymph node metastasis or TNM stages. 112/296 intersection genes were associated with nodal metastasis and/or staging, among them only 25 genes were associated with the nodal metastasis, 13 genes were associated with the staging with gradient changes. Only one gene (RN7SL494P) was found to be associated with prognosis. But RN7SL494P was not found joining any biological functions or processes or cellular components with GO/KEGG analyses. Finally, single GSEA enrichment and pathway analyses showed that RN7SL494P might be involving in cancer development process and poor outcome in lung adenocarcinoma. These findings highlight the potential applications of RN7SL494P as a promising molecular predictor not only in nodal metastasis but prognosis evalution in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
On the Approximate Evaluation of Some Oscillatory Integrals
Authors: Beuc Robert , Movre Mladen , Horvatić Berislav
Published: March 2019

To determine the photon emission or absorption probability for a diatomic system in the context of the semiclassical approximation it is necessary to calculate the characteristic canonical oscillatory integral which has one or more saddle points. Integrals like that appear in a whole range of physical problems, e.g. the atom-atom and atom-surface scattering and various optical phenomena. A uniform approximation of the integral, based on the stationary phase method is proposed, where the integral with several saddle points is replaced by a sum of integrals each having only one or at most two real saddle points and is easily soluble. In this way we formally reduce the codimension in canonical integrals of "elementary catastrophes" with codimensions greater than 1. The validity of the proposed method was tested on examples of integrals with three saddle points ("cusp" catastrophe) and four saddle points ("swallow-tail" catastrophe).
Evaluation and Suggestions for Rational Energy Tax Policy in South Korea
Authors: Kim Kap Soon , Yoon SungMan
Published: March 2019

Energy taxation is used globally as a means of energy policy. Energy tax plays an important role as a driving force for the conversion to environmentally friendly energy. The basic tax principles considered in the design of energy taxation increases the efficiency of policy instruments. The purpose of this study is to evaluate South Korea’s energy taxation based on tax principles, namely, equity, efficiency, simplicity, flexibility, and accountability and suggest directions for improvement. This study applied a methodology that provides policy implications, such as reviewing existing literature and comparing energy taxes. Results of this study show that South Korea’s energy taxation is negative in terms of equity, simplicity, and accountability. South Korea’s current energy tax is regressive to income classes and complex tax structures and it does not objectively measure the impact of energy taxation. However, energy taxation is evaluated positively in terms of efficiency and flexibility because it meets the greenhouse gas reduction policy and operates a flexible tax rate. The results of this analysis provide policy implications for reorganizing South Korea’s energy taxation.
El Dr. José Vidal Sans, un maestro pionero de la cirugía de la pared abdominal en España
Authors: Carbonell Tatay Fernando
Published: March 2019

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Real estate dispossession and evictions in Spain: a theoretical geographical approach
Authors: Parreño Castellano Juan Manuel , Domínguez Mujica Josefina , Armengol Martín Matilde Teresa , Boldú Hernández Jordi , Pérez García Tanausú
Published: March 2019

The recent economic crisis in Spain has revealed the weakness of a real estate model based on an over-indebtedness that was upheld and promoted by the financial and political system. As the foundations of this system began to crumble, the socioeconomic consequences soon started to show; among them, a rise in evictions and foreclosures that is particularly relevant to the field of Geography. This paper has two main goals: First, to provide a theoretical reflection on the state of affairs in real estate dispossession and eviction in the context of both the Spanish crisis and the global trend towards the financialization of the world economy; and second, to offer a methodological interpretation based on a new study source, namely, the proceedings filed in the Centralized Service of Process and Attachments Offices of judicial districts, which allow to examine how the above mentioned phenomena translate in spatial terms. The results of the study emphasize the structural character of dispossession through legal action in our country’s secondary accumulation system as well as the need to move forward in the use of judicial records by means of a correct interpretation of proceedings and through the refining of the geographical information.
El paisaje atlántico vasco ante la marginalización ganadera: claves para su conservación
Authors: Alberdi Collantes Juan Cruz
Published: March 2019

La investigación parte de la premisa de que una abandono de las funciones ganaderas originaria una reacción similar en los usos del suelo, siendo el paisaje de campiña atlántica el principal afectado. La metodología se centra en el estudio de casos y en la entrevista, como medios para completar y cualificar la información oficial.  Los resultados muestran que el abandono ganadero es, si cabe mayor que el esperado pero, en apariencia, los usos del suelo apenas se alteran. Se analizan las causas, a menudo no productivas, que explican esta situación y se concluye que es una situación transitoria. Las acciones propuestas que pudieran frenar este proceso tan sólo amortiguarán el escenario previsto,  la pérdida del paisaje atlántico de buena parte del País Vasco.
Procesos socioterritoriales de un paisaje rural en riesgo de “musealización”: el ENP la Muela, Cabo Tiñoso y Roldán (Cartagena, España)
Authors: Martínez Sánchez José , Martínez-Carrasco Martínez Laura
Published: March 2019

El paisaje agroforestal del ENP “La Muela, Cabo Tiñoso y Roldán” (Cartagena-España) aparece como resultado de una histórica adaptación a las culturas locales. Mediante el análisis cualitativo de entrevistas a actores sociales, expertos locales y gestores del territorio, apoyadas en el estudio documental, este trabajo persigue conocer la interacción de los procesos socioterritoriales con el riesgo de “musealización” del paisaje rural. Nuevos pobladores y visitantes, muchos de ellos extranjeros europeos, ejercen funciones inéditas en el territorio, al tiempo que retrocede la importancia de la población local en la gestión activa del paisaje. El gran incremento en la demanda de viviendas –vacacionales o dormitorio- derivada de la proximidad a Cartagena y el atractivo de sus paisajes, y los cambios en su distribución y tipología arquitectónica, contrastan con el ajuste tradicional de la población a las posibilidades agrarias. Mientras crece la intervención en el paisaje del ecoturismo y, sobre todo, del deporte en la naturaleza, retroceden las tradicionales actividades agropecuarias debido al difícil reemplazo generacional, la sequía y la escasa rentabilidad. Las políticas de gestión y planificación del ENP no han desarrollado los instrumentos participados para invertir el proceso de “musealización” de un paisaje difícilmente conservable sin la actividad antrópica.
Emigración y fuga de talento en Castilla y León
Authors: González Leonardo Miguel , López-Gay Antonio
Published: March 2019

Castilla y León es la comunidad autónoma de la que más jóvenes han salido, en términos relativos, hacia otras regiones del territorio español, con un balance especialmente deficitario entre la población con estudios universitarios. El elevado nivel de instrucción de la población local y un mercado de trabajo donde escasean los empleos cualificados, se traducen en la fuga del talento allende los límites regionales. A partir de los microdatos del Censo de 2011, estudiamos la posición de Castilla y León como región exportadora de personas con estudios superiores en el contexto nacional, el balance con otras comunidades autónomas, el grado de sobrecualificación en origen y destino y, mediante la aplicación de un modelo de regresión logística, los factores sociodemográficos que explican la emigración.
Criterios de la UNESCO para la declaración de regiones vitícolas como paisaje cultural: su aplicación al caso español
Authors: Martínez Arnáiz Marta , Baraja Rodríguez Eugenio , Molinero Hernando Fernando
Published: March 2019

La Unesco ha reconocido ocho paisajes culturales con viñedo como Patrimonio Mundial, todos ellos en Europa. Tanto los reconocidos como paisajes basados exclusivamente en el viñedo como los que lo han sido, además, por otros elementos, parecen destacar por su arraigo en la tradición, pero también por su adaptación a las exigencias del medio ecológico y a las del mercado. Con estas bases, resulta difícil proteger viñedos y prácticas culturales ancestrales –algunas en trance de desaparición– por su falta de funcionalidad y adaptación al mercado global, a pesar de que encierran saberes y tradiciones encomiables que, de alguna manera, conviene proteger, reconocer y a las que se debe otorgar algún marchamo de cultura y patrimonio mundial. Mediante el análisis de los expedientes de los viñedos de la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial, de los que han sido rechazados, así como de los que aspiran a incorporarse y de los que reúnen condiciones para hacerlo, extraemos unas ideas básicas para aspirar a la inclusión en la Lista, al tiempo que defendemos una protección para los paisajes vitícolas de gran valor cultural en peligro de desaparición, pues la evolución del viñedo moderno, entre la estética y la funcionalidad, ha borrado a menudo su carácter de “tradicional”, que solo se ha recuperado como mero adorno y recuerdo de un pasado perdido.
Propuestas al déficit hídrico en la provincia de Alicante: medidas desde la gestión de la demanda y oferta de recursos hídricos
Authors: Morote Seguido Álvaro Francisco , Hernández Hernández María , Lois González Rubén Camilo
Published: March 2019

En la provincia de Alicante (sureste español), la insuficiencia de recursos hídricos motivada por el incremento de las demandas desde los años sesenta y setenta del pasado s. XX para satisfacer usos urbanos y agrícolas e indigencia pluviométrica debido a la aridez natural, se ha convertido en uno de los principales problemas socio-territoriales y económicos. El incremento de recursos hídricos fue posible gracias a la sobreexplotación de acuíferos, la llegada de caudales externos, la incorporación de aguas regeneradas depuradas y, en los últimos años, la desalinización. Sin embargo, tradicionalmente no se ha contemplado la gestión de la demanda como una solución para resolver dicha escasez. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo proponer actuaciones, tanto desde la gestión de la demanda como de la oferta de recursos hídricos para paliar la insuficiencia de agua en la provincia de Alicante. Para ello, a partir de una revisión de trabajos que tratan el tema del agua en el área de estudio, la realización de entrevistas y análisis de datos e información facilitados por usuarios (compañías suministradoras de agua y regantes) se han sintetizado diversas medidas para resolver este problema. Como conclusión, cabe poner de manifiesto que con esta investigación se cubrirá un vacío científico en relación con la gestión de la demanda en el área de estudio y destacando que, ninguna medida por sí sola podrá resolver la escasez de agua y, siendo necesaria, asimismo, la implicación de todos los usuarios y organismos.
La transición post-productivista del sector vitivinícola de Mallorca (1990–2015)
Authors: Sebastian Jaume Binimelis
Published: March 2019

Este trabajo analiza la fase más reciente en la evolución del sector vitivinícola en Mallorca, centrándose en la creación de una nueva viticultura ligada a la producción de vino de calidad. Su desarrollo, a partir de los años noventa del siglo pasado, se ha realizado al amparo de los planes de reestructuración del viñedo y de la creación de Denominaciones de Origen y otras Indicaciones Geográficas. A su vez, hemos asistido al desarrollo atomizado de una nueva industria de transformación, formada en gran parte por pequeñas bodegas, de escasa capacidad, que cuentan con sus propios viñedos. La vinculación del producto al lugar, reflejada en las normativas de las indicaciones geográficas, y los cambios de la industria crean un nuevo modelo con características muy ligadas a lo que se denomina tránsito post-productivista. En el artículo se analizan sus claves, que se manifiestan en la viticultura, en el paisaje vitícola y en la industria de transformación.
Extend Surface Casing Deeper to Eliminate Borehole Instability in Oil Field Turnkey Project
Authors: Ullah Syed Zahoor , Al-Fakih Abdulqawi , Almomen Mohammed Sami , Famiev Robert , Alatiyyah Ahmed Subhi , Al Sharif Taimour
Published: March 2019

In one of the largest oil fields in Middle East, the typical well design is to set the conductor just 40 ft below the ground, the surface casing 100 ft inside next competent formation due to shallow total loss zone below the conductor and the intermediate casing in the first competent formation before entering the reservoirs interval. The intermediate section includes a combination of formations that have total losses zones and extremely unstable shales, especially when drilled with total losses.

In most cases, encountering lost circulation results in formation collapse. The severity of the formation collapse risk in this section ranges from simple tights spots cleared with reaming up and down to stuck pipes, sidetracks and in several cases plug and abandonment of wells. To reduce the likelihood and severity of this risk, there was a need to review the casing seats to isolate unstable formations before entering the intermediate loss zones.

A detailed study was carried out where diverse options were analyzed, including adding a casing string and changing casing seats of existing casing strings. The study concluded that keeping the same number of casing strings and deepening only the surface casing seat as close as possible to the intermediate loss zone, covering the entire unstable formation but not entering the intermediate loss zone, would be the most efficient solution. Experts supported this change based on the principle that dealing with an unstable formation when it is below the loss zone is easier than when the same formation is above the loss zone.

The new casing seat choice has been successfully implemented at over 100 wells, with 100% success ending the borehole instability problems. Since then there has been no sidetrack or location plugged and abandoned for borehole instability in intermediate section.

This paper encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the mechanism of unstable formations reaction to the loss circulation, resultant stuck pipe mechanisms, unsuccessful attempts to cure losses in this zone, improving fly mixed mud inhibition, impacts of modifications in well design on zonal isolation and finally reaching the safest, time and cost-effective solution.
An Intelligent Data-Driven Framework to Develop New Correlation to Predict Gas Deviation Factor for High-Temperature and High-Pressure Gas Reservoirs Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Tariq Zeeshan , Mahmoud Mohamed , Asad Abdul
Published: March 2019

The gas deviation factor (Z-factor) is an effective thermodynamic property required to address the deviation of the real gas behavior from that of an ideal gas. Empirical models and correlations to compute Z-factor based on the equation of states (EOS) are often implicit, because they needed huge number of iterations and thus computationally very expensive. Many explicit empirical correlations are also reported in the literature to improve the simplicity; yet, no individual explicit correlation has been formulated for the complete full range of pseudoreduced temperatures and pseudo-reduced pressures, which demonstrates a significant research gap. The inaccuracy in determining gas deviation factor will lead to huge error in computing subsequent natural gas properties such as gas formation volume factor (Bg), gas compressibility (cg), and original gas in place (OGIP). Previously reported empirical correlations provide better estimation of gas deviation factor at lower pressures but at higher reservoir pressures their accuracies becomes questionable.

In this study, a simple and improved Z-factor empirical model is presented in a linear fashion using a robust artificial intelligence (AI) tool, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The new model is trained on more than 3000 data points from laboratory experiments obtained from several published sources. The proposed model is only a function of pseudo reduced temperature and pseudo reduced pressure of the gases which makes it simpler than the existing implicit and complicated correlations. The accuracy and generalization capabilities of the proposed ANN based model is also tested against previously published correlations at low and high gas reservoir pressures on an unseen published dataset.

The comparative results on a published dataset show that the new model outperformed other methods of predicting Z-factor by giving less average absolute percentage error (AAPE), less root mean square error (RMSE) and high coefficient of determination (R2). The error obtained was less than 3% compared to the measured data.
Geomechanical Integration Maximizes the Value For Waterflood Developments in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al Zadjali Ruqaiya , Mahajan Sandeep
Published: March 2019

Water flooding has been widely used as secondary oil recovery method in the clastic reservoirs in PDO. Field development plan of this field requires water injection under matrix injection conditions. The field consists of stacked Gharif sand stone reservoirs with variable degree of depletion. Increased injection volumes at economical rate, could induce hydraulic fracturing where it is very important to manage fracture growth and reducing risk for out of zone injection. The success of water flood development depends on an optimal injection pressure, which requires knowledge of formation fracture pressures and geomechanical rock properties.

Efficient geomechanical analysis and workflow integrating data from well tests, field performance, water injection history and monitoring data was implemented for this study to provide guidance on optimum water injection pressure. Field stress tests, such as Leak off Tests (LOT) and micro fracs were analyzed to derive the fracture pressures. Gharif formation in these stacked reservoir formations have been significantly depleted hence a reduction in fracture pressure was required to be assessed. Depletion stress path coefficient, which is the ratio of change of fracture pressure and reservoir depletion, was derived based on historic field data. Data from well tests, field water injection performance was used for Modified Hall plot analysis and other diagnostic plots to provide better insight on active water injection operating conditions (fracture, matrix and plugging). Finally, for injector operating above the fracture pressure, Produced Water Re-Injection (PWRI) model was used to simulate expected fracture dimensions, and quantify the out of zone injection risk.

Results of this study indicate that the decrease in fracture pressure in Gharif formations is about 60% of the change in pore pressure (depletion). Qualitative and quantitative analyses were able to characterize the operating injection conditions (matrix vs. fractured) for active injectors. Interpreted fracture pressure from Gharif water injector diagnostic plots demonstrates good alignment with the measured fracture pressure from field tests. The results reveal that most of the water injector wells, particularly in the depleted formations are operating above fracturing pressure. Predicted fracture dimensions form the PWRI model calibrates well with the field monitoring data.

Outcome of this study provided fracture pressure estimate for Gharif formation with depletion and provide guidance on optimum water injection pressure to improve waterflood management. Stress path chart provide continuous improvement and quick decision for water flood operation. Results quantified the induced fracturing to mitigate the risk of out of zone injection and/or loss of sweep efficiency.

Additionally, the results provide continuous critical input for fracture gradient for drilling and cement design for wells through depleted stacked reservoirs in other field within Gharif formation.
The End of Petroleum Engineering as We Know It
Authors: Mathieson Derek , Meehan D. Nathan , Potts Jeff
Published: March 2019

"Would you recommend that your son or daughter go into petroleum engineering?"

This is a question SPE presidents and senior executives have been asked for decades and, for most of the last 40 years, the answer has been positive. However, how realistic is a positive response today?

In today's society, negative attitudes toward the extractive industries, and fossil fuels in particular, have made the oil & gas industry less attractive to college students. In addition, this negative opinion has been greatly exacerbated by issues surrounding climate change, not to mention the seemingly constant cyclical demand and massive layoffs during downturns. Factor in the inherent pressure for efficiency, new data-driven approaches and AI-based systems and the future of petroleum engineering looks to be quite different from what has been experienced in the past. In addition, decreasing oil demand in American and Europe may well portend radical changes in how the industry functions.
New Workflow of Facies Modeling Based on Deposition Study, Seismic Data and Artificial Modification: A Case Study for the Mishrif Formation of the H Oilfield, Iraq
Authors: Han Rubing , Li Shunming , Song Benbiao , Tian Changbing
Published: March 2019

The giant H oil field was discovered in 1976 and put into development in 2008. The Mishrif reservoir has half of the geological reserves, and the current development challenges are greater. First, the sedimentary evolution is very complicated (inner ramp, lagoon, shallow sea, et al), the existing facies model is generally derived from rock type interpolation with kriging algorithm, and does not reflect sedimentary understanding, and is quite different from the actual situation displayed by seismic data. Furthermore, the variogram of rock types is also difficult to be accurate, resulting in poor fitting of reservoir simulation. Second, the seismic data quality is generally low, and its correlation with rock types is worse. If it is directly used to constrain rock type interpolation, the accuracy is generally unsatisfactory.

In order to solve these problems, this study first comprehensively studied the core, thin slices, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron probe and other data for sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary research. Secondly, based on the single well facies interpretation, combined with the inversion data, the dimension, spatial relationship and variogram of each depositional element were studied. Thirdly, the facies model was built using the Sequential Indicator Simulation (SIS) algorithm, and was manually modified zone by zone according to the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary understanding. Finally, the relationship between depositional elements and rock types was studied, and the probability bodies of different depositional elements with different rock types were obtained. Based on this, the SIS algorithm was used to simulate rock types. Then this could be further used as a constraint to build petrophysical models.

The results showed that the correlation between the depositional elements and the rock type was obviously better than the inversion wave impedance. The artificially modified facies model could better reflect sedimentary appearance, and various static and dynamic data. The rock type model obtained under the constraint of the facies model also bypassed the problem that the seismic data quality was not good enough for direct rock type interpolation.

It was verified that with the new modeling workflow, the preliminary numerical simulation fitting rate reach over 80%. The facies model was then verified with water flooding test in H oil field and had good results. This workflow could provide a good reference for similar oilfields in the Middle East.
Best Leadership Style to Lead Multi- Cultural Teams of Service Companies in the Oil & Gas Industry in the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Nassef Amr , Albasha Hussain
Published: March 2019

This paper is dedicated to enhancing Organizational Health and Adaptability by finding a suitable leadership model for service companies in the oil & gas industry in the Arabian Gulf. This becomes a more challenging task if you are dealing with multicultural teams.

The author relied on literature review to define the variables that can be correlated with or impact the choice of leadership styles. Variables such as the culture of the team, the characteristics of the leader, Industrial or occupational constraints. All these variables were considered & studied. A field research was also conducted to stand on the views of both the field personnel & management and test their perceptions regarding the subject matter.

A quantitative approach relied on a questionnaire that was used as the base for testing field team's perception. And a qualitative approach relied on one to one interviews with members in management in leading positions to stand on the applicability of leadership models and the constraints involved. Three main leadership models were tested. Transactional, where leadership style is more authoritarian and relies on close supervision, strict organizational procedures, and is performance oriented through rewards & punishment. Transformational, where leadership style is based on a certain vision, and is more into inspiring a committed team to be creative, identify the aspects that require change, and execute plans as a team to march towards that particular vision. Laissez-Faire, where leadership style is more into delegating the leaders’ authority to the team who are given complete freedom to take decisions in order to achieve objectives, while the leader tries to provide the required resources and tools for his team. The results of the research recommend the Transactional model of leadership as the most appropriate style or model of leadership as both the qualitative and quantitative approaches recommend it.

This research paper is believed to add value to the body of knowledge as it focuses on a specific sector of a specific industry in a specific region and guides its leaders towards being more effective in their roles in order to achieve better results.
Numerical Simulation of Waterflooding Process using Lattice Boltzmann Method to Estimate Relative Permeability for Fractured Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Li Zhuoran , Chen Tianluo , Ning Yang , Zhang Kaiyi , Qin Guan
Published: March 2019

Shale formations exhibit multi-scale geological features such as nanopores in formation matrix and fractures at multiple length scales. Accurate prediction of relative permeability and capillary pressure are vital in numerical simulations of shale reservoirs. The multi-scale geological features of shale formations present great challenges for traditional experimental approach. Compared to nanopores in formation matrix, fractures, especially connected fractures, have much more significant impact on multiphase flows. Traditional flow models like Darcy's law are not valid for modeling fluid flow in fracture space nor in nanopores. In this work, we apply multiphase lattice Boltzmann simulation for unsteady-state waterflooding process in highly fractured samples to study the effects of fracture connectivity, wetting preference, and gravitional forces.