bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Federated Learning in Secure and Reliable Systems for IoVs
Authors: Kant Umang , Dahiya Prachi
Published: December 2024

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an emerging technology that allows vehicles to communicate with each other and with the infrastructure around them. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the transportation industry, but it also raises concerns about the security of the data that is shared among vehicles, with their base stations and infrastructure. In this context, secure data-sharing methodologies are essential to protect sensitive information, such as location, driving patterns, data of the people travelling in the vehicle, and protection of shared data from malicious factors. This chapter explores some of the methods that can be used for secure data sharing in the IoV. One approach is to use encryption and decryption techniques to protect data in transit and at rest. This method involves encoding the data in a way that only authorized parties can access it, and decoding it when it reaches its destination. Another approach is to use blockchain technology, which provides a decentralized and immutable ledger that can be used to store and verify data. Additionally, access control mechanisms, such as role-based access control, can be used to limit the access of different users to specific data sets. This method ensures that only authorized parties can access sensitive data.
In conclusion, secure data-sharing methodologies are crucial for the successful implementation of the IoV. Encryption and decryption, blockchain technology, and access control mechanisms are some of the methods that can be used to protect sensitive information and maintain the privacy and security of the data.
Adaptive Solutions for Data Sharing in IoVs
Authors: Kushwah Virendra Singh , Jain Apurva , Parashar Jyoti , Meena Lokesh , Malik Nisar Ahmad
Published: December 2024

With the rapid growth of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), there is an increasing need for effective and secure data sharing among vehicles, infrastructure, and other entities within the IoV ecosystem. However, traditional data-sharing mechanisms face numerous challenges, such as heterogeneity of data formats, privacy concerns, and scalability issues. In this study, we propose adaptive solutions for data sharing in IoVs, which aim to address these challenges and facilitate efficient and secure data exchange. Our approach leverages adaptive techniques to dynamically adjust data-sharing mechanisms based on the context and requirements of the IoV environment. We present a comprehensive overview of the proposed solutions, including data format transformation, privacy-preserving techniques, and scalable datasharing protocols. We also discuss the potential benefits and limitations of our approach and provide insights into future research directions in the field of data sharing in IoVs
Human Ecology: A New Perspective
Authors: Rai Vikas
Published: December 2024

Complexity exists in systems with simple architecture. The unit of
architecture, in this context, is a predator–prey community. In case another predator
invades the patch in which this community inhabits, temporal dynamics would go
chaotic. Chaotic dynamics is characterized by short–term predictability. This leads to
Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity. It has been found in Daphnia‘s Neuro -
physiological mechanisms of Ad hoc environmental phenotypic adaptation. Induced
defenses in Daphnia; a prey for fish, phantom midge larvae, tadpoles, and several
aquatic insects, engage in predation-specific chemical cues that signal increased
predation risk. Identification of friends and foes is facilitated by Chemo-receptors in
Daphnia. Olfactory receptor (OR) neurons belong to the G – protein-coupled – receptor
super family. These neurons get activated when air-borne molecules bind to ORs
expressed on their cilia. Transport of goods and services involves the movement of
vehicles that release NO2
into the environment.Molecular switches on plant leaves help sense their environment. These switches are
10-15 m long molecules made of femto particles. Animals and ‘social animals’
(individual humans living in different societies) interact with each other through
members of G – protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Animals consume plants that
provide food, fodder, fuel, and fiber for the growing human population. Social Capital,
a network of relationships among people in an efficient society, creates Human
capital; good health, and knowledge of things, which are useful for the execution of
duties of an employee in a company. The chapter provides a crisp description of all that
goes into different aspects of human ecology. This discipline puts humans on the center
stage. An integration of this discipline with neurosciences would broaden the scope of
both disciplines.
Elements of Industrial Ecology
Authors: Rai Vikas
Published: December 2024

The central theme of industrial ecology is the idea that the waste material
from one industry can serve as raw material for the other. It is industrial symbiosis.
This eases tension created by the pressure of ever-accumulating industrial waste.
Another aspect of an industry is the input of energy. It must be clean; emissions to the
environment are minimal, and green, i.e., we must utilize the least amount of resources.
The search for clean energy sources has converged to Hydrogen Energy. The
production efficiency of the electrolysis process is enhanced by the application of an
external magnetic field. Solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency attains the levels of
economic feasibility with the use of semiconductor sheets made of Rh – co-doped
SrTiO3
powders embedded into a gold layer. Solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency
(1.1% and 30% quantum yield at 419 nm) was achieved by splitting pure water (pH
6.88). Effects of electric power, external magnetic field, and temperature on conversion
efficiency have been investigated and found to be appreciable.Bio–diesel is another potential source of energy. The energy of sunlight is converted
into chemical energy through a biochemical process. A positive aspect of algal
cultivation is that it can be grown either in freshwater or brackish water. In this way, it
does not compete for fresh water. Microalgae respond by producing more
carbohydrates or lipids in conditions of environmental stress; e.g., when a particular
nutrient is lacking. Biodiesel derived from algal lipids is non-toxic and biodegradable.
Microalgae produce oils 15 – 300 times more than traditional crops per unit cultivated
area. The ability of an endolithic cyanobacterial strain, Leptolyngbya sp. ISTCY101 to
produce biomass from which biodiesel can be produced, has been assessed in
experiments conducted exploiting principles of carbon assimilation in the natural
ecological niche of the cyanobacterium. Measurements of relevant variables and
parameters showed that this strain is capable of returning a reasonably high yield of
biomass productivity.Integration of industrial ecology and ecological economics would expand the scope of
the circular economy. New information generated in the process of integration would
be used to develop new tools for decision-makers. Self-guidance, a special attribute,
would be available to industry leaders if a course based on this chapter is introduced in
the curriculum of engineering undergraduates.
Analysis of Leading Horticultural Fruit Commodities in the Agropolitan Area of Bojonegoro Regency
Authors: Andriniswari Fiebri , Agustin Imma Widyawati , Waloejo Budi Sugiarto
Published: December 2024

The development of agricultural program plans with superior products in certain agribusiness regions in order to boost revenue and significantly empower the area. This is being done in an effort to enhance the government-backed agrobusiness system and agropolitan area development. Regarding RTRW, Bojonegoro Regional Regulation Number 5 2021 designates Dander Kapas Kalitidu Trucuk as the agropolitan area. Bojonegoro's 2022 An examination of superior commodities in the Bojonegoro agropolitan area is necessary in order to create a development plan for the agriculture industry. The study's findings can be utilized to drive the agropolitan region of Bojonegoro Regency's development in a way that will enhance community welfare and spur local economic expansion. Shifts Share Analyzes (SSA) and Location Quotient (LQ) analyses were employed in this study. This study's findings indicate that the star fruit commodity, with a LQ value of 1.13 and an SS value of 33.87, the guava commodity, with a LQ value of 1.91 and an SS value of 6819.19, the Siam orange commodity, with a LQ value of 2.33 and an SS value of 8.25, and the snake fruit commodity, with a LQ value of 3.16 and an SS value of 21.75, are the superior commodities. The Bojonegoro agropolitan area is witnessing the development of exceptional fruit horticulture, indicating that a holding and maintaining plan would be the most effective approach for managing the organization. Strategies for product creation and market penetration are used. The strategy calls for increasing the product's quality, expanding its distribution networks, marketing it, and changing market prices.
Pengembangan Model Pengelolaan SDM berorentasi Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Perspektif Administrasi Pendidikan (Studi pada Universitas Mbojo Bima)
Authors: Rifai Rifai , Haeril Haeril
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mengidentifikasi tantangan serta potensi yang terkait dengan pengembangan model pengelolaan sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang berorientasi pada pendidikan karakter di Universitas Mbojo Bima, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang melibatkan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi pada level kampus di Universitas Mbojo Bima. Hasil dan pembahasan dari penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya seleksi staf pengajar dan karyawan yang memiliki komitmen terhadap pendidikan karakter, pengembangan program pendidikan yang mencakup aspek karakter dan nilai-nilai moral, integrasi nilai-nilai karakter dalam kurikulum, pengembangan kebijakan dan prosedur yang mendukung pembentukan karakter mahasiswa, serta evaluasi dan peningkatan berkelanjutan dalam menjaga kualitas dan relevansi program pendidikan karakter. Dari temuan penelitian ini, diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia dan memperkuat karakter serta moralitas generasi muda.
Character Education and The Crisis of National Role Models
Authors: Sidik Purnama
Published: December 2024

Abstract Character education is an essential element in building a dignified and cultured nation. Amidst the crisis of role models encompassing the nation, the implementation of character education becomes increasingly urgent. This research investigates the implementation of character education and its relation to the crisis of role models in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative with a literature study approach. Data is collected from various sources, such as scientific journals and related resources. This study aims to analyze the factors causing the crisis of role models, identify effective strategies for implementing character education, and formulate comprehensive solutions to address the crisis of role models in our nation, including: forming a national character role model movement, strengthening the role of families in character formation, enhancing the role of schools, and strengthening the role of society especially in not becoming permissive and being concerned with character education when students are not at home and not in school. Keywords: Character Education, Crisis of Role Models
IMPLEMENTATION AND CHALLENGES OF DISCIPLINE CHARACTER EDUCATION
Authors: Albet Muhammad Sakin
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This article discusses the importance of discipline character education in forming a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent but also has strong moral values, especially in the era of globalization and technological advancement. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation and challenges in discipline character education in Indonesia schools. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review, which collects and analyzes data from various academic sources to understand the practice of discipline education. The results show that discipline serves as an educational tool to shape student behavior and includes various strategies, such as advice from teachers, role models, parental involvement, and the application of rules and habituation programs. However, challenges in the implementation of discipline character education arise from the lack of family support, the negative influence of friends, and unsupportive community environmental conditions. In conclusion, discipline character education is very important and requires cooperation between teachers, parents, and the community to create an environment that supports the development of students' character. This research is expected to contribute to the development of a more effective disciplinary character education model.
KEARIFAN LOKAL BALI LUKISAN WAYANG KAMASAN DALAM MENGUATKAN PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sujana I Wayan
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini didasari atas permasalahan kurangnya media pembelajaran sebagai sumber belajar dalam menguatkan karakter profil pelajar Pancasila pada siswa di sekolah dasar. Lukisan wayang kamasan sebagai salah satu kearifan lokal di Provinsi Bali khususnya di Kabupaten Klungkung belum banyak digunakan sebagai salah satu media dalam pembelajaran terkait dengan penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila yang sedang gencar-gencarnya diupayakan terkait dengan pelaksanaan kurikulum merdeka.Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu 1) untuk mendeskripsikan rancang bangun inovasi pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal lukisan wayang Kamasan untuk menguatkan profil pelajar Pancasila siswa sekolah dasar di Kota Denpasar, 2) untuk mengetahui validitas inovasi pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal lukisan wayang Kamasan untuk menguatkan profil pelajar Pancasila siswa sekolah dasar di Kota Denpasar, 3) untuk mengetahui efektivitas inovasi pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal lukisan wayang Kamasan untuk menguatkan profil pelajar Pancasila siswa sekolah dasar di Kota Denpasar. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian pengembangan dengan model ADDIE (analyze, design, development, implementation dan evaluate). Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan subjek penelitian teknik quota random sampling dengan jumlah sekolah sebanyak 24 sekolah dasar di Kota Denpasar. Hasil penilaian ahli isi pembelajaran sebesar 92,19% (sangat baik), hasil penilaian ahli desain pembelajaran sebesar 90% (sangat baik), hasil penilaian ahli media pembelajaran sebesar 96% (sangat baik). Hasil uji coba perorangan sebesar 89,88% (baik), hasil uji coba kelompok kecil sebesar 93,85% (sangat baik), hasil uji coba lapangan sebesar 92,19% (sangat baik). Hasil uji efektivitas memperoleh nilai thitung = 43,352 sedangkan ttabel = 2,069. Dengan demikian, media pembelajaran berupa lukisan wayang kamasan efektif diterapkan dalam menguatkan profil pelajar Pancasila di SD.
UPAYA GURU DALAM MENUMBUHKAN KARAKTER DISIPLIN SISWA MELALUI PROGRAM BR3T (BERSIH RAPI TERTIB TERATUR TERPELIHARA)
Authors: Halimah Lilim
Published: December 2024

AbstrakKetidakdisiplinan siswa SD terlihat bahwa masih terdapat siswa yang tidak menaati tata tertib dan tidak peka terhadap kebersihan lingkungan. BR3T merupakan salah satu program yang dapat menumbuhkan kedisiplinan siswa. Dengan itu, penelitian ini ingin mengungkap bagaimana upaya guru dalam menumbuhkan kedisiplinan siswa melalui program BR3T. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu guru, siswa, dan orangtua dengan total subjek wawancara 25 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BR3T merupakan budaya khas yang sudah melekat pada setiap warga sekolah di SD Daarut Tauhiid, sehingga dari awal pembelajaran sampai akhir pembelajaran, guru selalu membiasakan setiap siswa untuk melaksanakan BR3T. Upaya yang dilakukan guru dalam menumbuhkan karakter disiplin siswa diantaranya menyiapkan dokumen, membuat aturan, memberi motivasi atau teladan, memberi reward dan punishment, serta melaksanakan evaluasi bersama siswa maupun bersama guru lainnya. Beberapa upaya yang dilakukan guru tersebut berdampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan karakter disiplin siswa, dimana tergambar bahwa siswa telah disiplin dalam tempat, waktu, dan aturan.Kata Kunci: Profil Karakter Disiplin, Upaya Guru, Program BR3T AbstractThe indiscipline of elementary school students can be seen that there are still students who do not obey the rules and are not sensitive to environmental cleanliness. BR3T is one of the programs that can foster student discipline. With that, this study wants to reveal how teachers' efforts in fostering student discipline through the BR3T program. This research is qualitative with a case study design. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observations, and documentation. The subjects in this study are teachers, students, and parents with a total of 25 interview subjects. The results of the study show that BR3T is a distinctive culture that has been attached to every school resident at SD Daarut Tauhiid, so that from the beginning of learning to the end of learning, teachers always familiarize each student to carry out BR3T. Efforts made by teachers in fostering the character of student discipline include preparing documents, making rules, motivating or setting an example, giving rewards and punishments, and carrying out evaluations with students and with other teachers. Some of the efforts made by the teacher have a positive impact on the growth of students' discipline character, where it is illustrated that students have been disciplined in place, time, and rules.Keywords: Disciplinary Character Profile, Teacher Efforts, BR3T Program
Efficient Screening in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Sequential Machine Learning Models, Questionnaires, and Pulse Oximetry Signals: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kuo Nai-Yu , Tsai Hsin-Jung , Tsai Shih-Jen , Yang Albert C
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by frequent pauses or shallow breathing during sleep. Polysomnography, the gold standard for OSA assessment, is time consuming and labor intensive, thus limiting diagnostic efficiency.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop 2 sequential machine learning models to efficiently screen and differentiate OSA.

METHODS

We used 2 datasets comprising 8444 cases from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) and 1229 cases from Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TVGH). The Questionnaire Model (Model-Questionnaire) was designed to distinguish OSA from primary insomnia using demographic information and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires, while the Saturation Model (Model-Saturation) categorized OSA severity based on multiple blood oxygen saturation parameters. The performance of the sequential machine learning models in screening and assessing the severity of OSA was evaluated using an independent test set derived from TVGH.

RESULTS

The Model-Questionnaire achieved an F1-score of 0.86, incorporating demographic data and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Model-Saturation training by the SHHS dataset displayed an F1-score of 0.82 when using the power spectrum of blood oxygen saturation signals and reached the highest F1-score of 0.85 when considering all saturation-related parameters. Model-saturation training by the TVGH dataset displayed an F1-score of 0.82. The independent test set showed stable results for Model-Questionnaire and Model-Saturation training by the TVGH dataset, but with a slightly decreased F1-score (0.78) in Model-Saturation training by the SHHS dataset. Despite reduced model accuracy across different datasets, precision remained at 0.89 for screening moderate to severe OSA.

CONCLUSIONS

Although a composite model using multiple saturation parameters exhibits higher accuracy, optimizing this model by identifying key factors is essential. Both models demonstrated adequate at-home screening capabilities for sleep disorders, particularly for patients unsuitable for in-laboratory sleep studies.
Dimensions and Subcategories of Digital Maturity in General Practice: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Neunaber Timo , Mortsiefer Achim , Meister Sven
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The status of the digitalization of companies and institutions is usually measured using maturity models. However, the concept of maturity in general practice is currently unclear, and herewith we examine the question of how maturity can be measured. There is a lack of empirical work on the dimensions and subcategories of digital maturity that provide information on the assessment framework.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study was to answer the question of how many and which dimensions and subcategories describe digital maturity in general practice.

METHODS

An explorative, qualitative research design based on semistructured expert interviews was used to investigate the dimensions of digital maturity. Twenty experts from various areas of the health care sector (care providers, interest groups, health care industry, and patient organizations) were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed based on a content-structuring analysis according to Kuckartz and Rädiker using MAXQDA software (VERBI GmbH).

RESULTS

In total, 6 dimensions with a total of 26 subcategories were identified. Of these, 4 dimensions with a total of 16 subcategories (1) digitally supported processes, (2) practice staff, (3) organizational structures and rules, and (4) technical infrastructure and were deductively linked to digital maturity. In addition to the use of digital solutions, digital maturity included, for example, individual, organizational, and technical capabilities and resources of the medical practice. The 2 further dimensions, (5) benefits and outcomes and (6) external framework conditions of the medical practice, were identified inductively with a total of 10 subcategories. Digital maturity was associated with the beneficial use of digitalization, for example, with efficiency benefits for the practice, and external framework conditions were associated with influencing factors such as the local patient situation in the medical practice.

CONCLUSIONS

The results indicate that digital maturity is a multidimensional construct that is associated with many dimensions and variables. It is a holistic approach with human, organizational, and technical factors and concerns the way digitalization is used to shape patient care and processes. Furthermore, it is related to the maturity of the organizational environment as well as the benefits of a digitalized medical practice; however, this still needs to be confirmed. To measure the level of digital maturity in outpatient care as accurately as possible, maturity models should therefore be multilayered and take external influencing factors into account. Future research should statistically validate the identified dimensions. At the same time, correlations and dependencies between the measurement dimensions and their subcategories should be analyzed.
Real-Time Triage, Position, and Documentation (TriPoD) During Medical Response to Major Incidents: Protocol for an Action Research Study (Preprint)
Authors: Rådestad Monica , Kanfjäll Torkel , Lindström Veronica
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

There is a need to address the implementation of technological innovation into emergency medical services to facilitate and improve information exchange between prehospital emergency care providers, command centers, and hospitals during major incidents to enable better allocation of resources and minimize loss of life. At present, there is a lack of technology supporting real-time information sharing in managing major incidents to optimize the use of resources available.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this protocol is to develop, design, and evaluate information technology innovations for use in medical response to major incidents.

METHODS

This study has a qualitative action research design. This research approach is suitable for developing and changing practice in health care settings since it is cyclical in nature and involves development, evaluation, redevelopment, and replanning. The qualitative data collection will include workshops, structured meetings, semistructured interviews, questionnaires, observations, and focus group interviews. This study assesses the use of a digital solution for real-time information sharing by involving 3 groups of indented users: prehospital emergency care personnel, hospital personnel, and designated duty officers with experience and specific knowledge in managing major incidents. This study will explore end users’ experiences and needs, and a digital solution for prehospital and hospital settings will be developed in collaboration with technology producers.

RESULTS

The trial implementation and evaluation phase for this study is from April 2024 to May 2026. Interviews and questionnaires with end users were conducted during the planning phase. We have performed observations in connection with 2 major exercises in April 2024 and November 2024. The outcome of this analysis will form the basis for the design and development of a new information technology system. We aim to complete the observations in training sessions and exercises (phase 3) by September 2025, followed by modification of the technology solutions tested (phase 4) before dissemination in a scientific journal.

CONCLUSIONS

This protocol includes several methods for data collection that will form the basis for the design and development process of a digital solution for real-time information sharing to support efficient management in major incidents based on the experiences and requirements of end users. The findings from this study will contribute to the limited research on users’ perspectives and the development of digital solutions for real-time information during major incidents.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/57819
The Impact of Sleep Health Promotion on Physiologic Stress Responses and Mental Health Risk among Nurses: A Study Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Norful Allison A. , Zhao Jiawen , Gao Yuandi , Shechter Ari , Haghighi Fatemeh , Asadoorian Kathryn , Adler Margaret , de Jacq Krystyna
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Nurses globally have a disproportionate risk for suboptimal mental health, including suicide. Organizations and policymakers have called for increased investigation of occupational and personal factors that may precipitate mental health risk among nurses. Further, an exploration of protective interventions is critical to help mitigate such risk. However, the majority of existing studies have relied primarily on self-report measures or postmortem data.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to generate longitudinal pilot data via physiologic measures (sensor technology in a wearable device, called Oura Ring©) that investigates 1) which factors (stressful life events, psychiatric characteristics, and work environment characteristics) are associated with stress and subsequent suicidal ideation in nurses; and 2) to explore the preliminary impact of an evidence-based sleep intervention, Pure Somni©, on stress, psychological health, sleep (quality and duration) and suicidal ideation in nurses.

METHODS

Guided by the Stress-Diathesis Model for Suicide Behavior, we will implement a prospective pragmatic pilot trial design and recruit a convenience sample of registered nurses working in an acute care facility. First, participants will complete a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 disorders. Next, electronic surveys will consist of demographic questions and validated measures for personal characteristics, sleep, stressful life events, psychiatric characteristics, work environment factors, and all psychological health outcomes. Heart rate variability and sleep data (e.g., duration, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration) will be collected using a wearable device, Oura Ring©, that uses sensor technology and records data 24 hours a day. Participants will be asked to wear the Oura Ring© for 8 weeks while completing the surveys at baseline, week 4 and week 8. In Weeks 5-8 only, we will implement a sleep kit, called Pure Somni©. The kit consists of evidence-based devices (e.g., blue light blocking glasses, aromatherapy, white noise machine) known to improve sleep hygiene. We will explore the feasibility and acceptability of the individual devices, comparing the weeks 1-4 and 5-8. We will use mixed effects models to explore the impact of each occupational and personal factor on mental health outcomes via physiologic data for stress and sleep. Next, we will fit conditional latent growth curve models using 3 data points to determine the impact of Pure Somni© kit on all mental health outcomes.

RESULTS

Results will analyzed at the individual and group level.

CONCLUSIONS

This paper presents a study protocol aimed at testing the impact of a sleep health promotion intervention, using physiologic measures, on nurses’ mental health risk.

CLINICALTRIAL

This protocol has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (number NCT06079853).
Evaluating GPT-4V's Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual Integration in Neuroradiology: A Case-Based Study Using Board-Style Exam Questions

Abstract

Background
The integration of multimodal capabilities in GPT-4V represents advancement in AI's application to clinical fields, particularly neuroradiology. Despite preliminary evidence of capability in medical imaging interpretation, questions remain about its performance in complex scenarios requiring integrated analysis of clinical history and imaging findings.
Objective
To evaluate GPT-4V's diagnostic performance on neuroradiology board-style multiple-choice questions, integrating both clinical data and medical imaging.
Methods
Twenty-nine neuroradiology cases from the RSNA Case Collect (Preprint)
Authors: Wei Tao
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The integration of multimodal capabilities in GPT-4V represents advancement in AI's application to clinical fields, particularly neuroradiology. Despite preliminary evidence of capability in medical imaging interpretation, questions remain about its performance in complex scenarios requiring integrated analysis of clinical history and imaging findings.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate GPT-4V's diagnostic performance on neuroradiology board-style multiple-choice questions, integrating both clinical data and medical imaging.

METHODS

Twenty-nine neuroradiology cases from the RSNA Case Collection, each including clinical vignette and CT/MRI images, were presented to GPT-4V. The model evaluated both imaging studies and clinical data, selecting from multiple-choice options while quantifying the relative influence of image versus text data on decision-making.

RESULTS

GPT-4V achieved 75.86% diagnostic accuracy, with image data contributing an average of 66.9% to final answers. The model relied more heavily on imaging in incorrectly answered cases (75% image-based) compared to correct ones (61.74%).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest potential over-reliance on imaging data in complex cases where clinical context is crucial. Our results highlight the need for improved integration of text and image data in AI models, with future development focusing on refining multimodal decision-making processes to enhance clinical accuracy.
Symbolic Claims in Indonesia's Aid to Pacific Island Countries
Authors: Mooy Jeniar Nelsus
Published: December 2024

Within the discourse of aid in the global South, where a developing country provides foreign aid to another developing country, emerged discussions on the extent to which the symbolic claims presented by the donor to the public (e.g. the aid as being driven by the donor’s sense of mutual respect, horizontality, inclusivity, and solidarity with the recipient) reflect the real motivations behind the aid. Using the case study of Indonesia’s aid to Pacific Island countries (PIC), this research assesses the relations between symbolic claims and critical aid drivers. This research uses a qualitative method and secondary data, which rely mainly on official statements and publications of the Indonesian government. This research found that whilst symbolic claims in Indonesia's aid narratives could strengthen the sense of Southern solidarity and identity with PIC – which is in line with the spirit of South-South empowerment that Indonesia has been championing since the Asia-Africa Conference in 1955, these claims are used mainly to obscure Indonesia’s internal political-security motive. The symbolic claims mask the critical political driver of the aid, which is closely related to Indonesia's interest in maintaining its sovereignty over West Papua province and influencing the stance of PIC about this issue.Keywords: aid; Global South; symbolic claims; solidarity; Indonesia-PIC relations
The Growth of Digital Payments in Indonesia: Harnessing Its Influence for SMEs and Indonesia's Competitiveness
Authors: Maharsi Hayuningrum Citra
Published: December 2024

Digital Payment System (DPS) growth plays a crucial role in supporting the country's digital economic growth. As a country representing the global south, Indonesia has an important responsibility to manage the dynamics of DPS growth, which is influenced significantly by actors from the government and private sectors. Initially, DPS was designed to provide more efficient and accessible payment services, but over time, the scope of such digital services has expanded. Nevertheless, challenges must be addressed in distributing DPS evenly, especially among MSMEs. Through the approach promoted by the Economic Asian Committee (EAC), this study aims to assess the impact of DPS growth on the digital services ecosystem in Indonesia and the dynamics of interaction between related stakeholders. Qualitative methods are used to summarize information from various sources, including journal literature and data from websites, which provide an in-depth understanding of the complexity of this phenomenon and Indonesia's efforts to improve its overall digital competitiveness. The findings in this study indicate that the Digital Payment System (DPS) offers numerous benefits for the financial system, enhancing efficiency and effectiveness for industrial growth. However, challenges in ensuring equitable usage across all regions of Indonesia remain significant across various sectors.  Keywords: digital payment system; global south actor; MSMEs; digital competitiveness of Indonesia
RISK FACTORS FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF DAMAGES AND THE ADEQUACY OF NON-LIFE INSURANCE PREMIUMS
Authors: Milutinović Monia
Published: December 2024

In order to maintain business stability and ensure the fulfillment of assumed obligations, insurers strive to establish adequate systems for identifying and measuring risks. Identifying the sources of risk factors for premium inadequacy and finding solutions to mitigate these risks is of crucial importance for the ability of insurance companies to cover claims and ensure business continuity. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the occurrence of claims affects premium adequacy and to contribute to the elimination or mitigation of the risk of premium insufficiency.
MEASURING COMPANIES’ BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA USING COMPOSITE INDICES
Authors: Novićević Čečević Bojana , Antić Ljilja , Djordjević Milica
Published: December 2024

The method of measuring business performance has long been a focus of attention for the scientific and professional community. In addition to traditional methods, modern approaches are increasingly being used today. The authors of the paper explore the measurement of company performance in the Republic of Serbia using composite indices as part of multivariate analysis. Composite indices were created based on original financial data, as well as a calculated performance index, with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of the financial efficiency of companies. The research includes companies listed among the top 100 most successful in Serbia for 2022. The analysis involves the use of statistical methods such as correlation and factor analysis to identify key performance indicators. Based on the obtained indices, companies were ranked, providing insight into their financial positions and market competitiveness. The results show that composite indices are an effective tool for measuring and analyzing business performance, offering management the information needed for strategic decision-making.
MONETARY DISPUTES, THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK, AND SOCIAL POPULISM
Authors: Dimitrijević Marko
Published: December 2024

The subject of analysis in this paper is the identification and analysis of the connection between monetary disputes in which the European Central Bank (ECB) is a participant, and the consequences of negative social populism, which, in practice, can affect the correct understanding of the responsibility and position of the ECB in the concept of monetary management in the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The first part of the paper points to the concept and nature of monetary disputes as a new category of administrative disputes in EU monetary law, as their main features and legal addressees in practice, while the further text examines the advantages and disadvantages of judicial and arbitral settlement of monetary disputes, and discusses the potential legal basis of arbitration settlement in European monetary legislation. The subject of special attention is the monetary legal analysis of ongoing disputes and lawsuits initiated against the highest European monetary institution and their echo (understanding) in the general public. Transparent determination of regulatory competence within the existing organisational structure of the ECB, according to the author, is a conditio sine qua non of avoiding the initiation of (un)necessary monetary disputes, but also managing existing ones in a manner that is legally predictable and regulated.
POLICY FRAMEWORK EVALUATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Milutinović Slobodan
Published: December 2024

Climate change presents a pressing challenge today, intertwined with complex risks like natural hazards and ecosystem degradation, potentially endangering populations. The paper discusses the challenges posed by climate change in the Republic of Serbia, highlighting the need for improved awareness and readiness to plan and execute climate adaptation strategies. It covers various strategic frameworks and international agreements related to climate change adaptation, emphasising the country’s alignment with global initiatives such as the Paris Agreement and the EU’s Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. The analysis suggests the importance of enhancing institutional capacities, fostering collaboration, and prioritising comprehensive adaptation measures to effectively address the impacts of climate change in Serbia. It also underscores the need for the further development of multi-sectoral initiatives to effectively address climate risks in Serbia and ensure a sustainable future in the face of climate challenges.
Arte rupestre y construcción de nicho Una teoría, un caso y una hipótesis
Authors: Acevedo Agustín
Published: December 2024

En este trabajo se presenta un abordaje del arte rupestre desde la Teoría de Construcción de Nicho. Se plantea que el arte parietal puede desempeñar roles activos en la construcción de nicho porque constituye una modificación deliberada del entorno, capaz de construir ambientes heredables que faciliten las interacciones de los individuos con la naturaleza y con otros grupos. Dicha capacidad se funda en dos cualidades de las imágenes rupestres ampliamente demostradas por la arqueología del arte y que son retomadas en este trabajo: su facultad para comunicar información visual y su potencial para organizar/estructurar el uso del espacio. Para demostrar el potencial de este abordaje se lo aplica sobre un caso de estudio regional focalizado en el arte rupestre del sur de Mendoza. Finalmente, se destacan las ventajas de este enfoque para alcanzar instancias superiores de complejidad en el estudio del arte rupestre, en relación con otras perspectivas evolucionistas más tradicionales.
Moderinisasi Kehidupan Spiritual (Studi Literatur terhadap Agama Digital di Ruang Digital)
Authors: Ningrum Ayu Jelita , Kholis Moh. Anas
Published: December 2024

Agama digital merupakan wajah kehidupan spiritualitas manusia yang terintegrasi dalam ruang digital. Zaluchu (2024) menjelaskan bahwa agama digital merupakan produk budaya modern yang karakteristiknya yaitu teknologi digital. Agama digital menurut Campbell dkk (2013) adalah bentuk kehadiran agama yang diekspresikan secara online oleh komunitas-komunitas spiritual dan memuat ritual baru yang menyatukan antara teknologi dan kehidupan spiritual itu sendiri. Artikel ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur yang mengadaptasi garis besar dari model pencarian literatur menurut Ridley (2012) yang terdiri dari tahap eksplorasi perpustakaan digital; menentukan kata kunci untuk menemukan jurnal maupun artikel ilmiah dengan tema yang sesuai; dan menggunakan teknik snowball untuk memperluas cakupan eksplorasi literatur. Adapun hasil studi menunjukan bahwa agama digital bukan aliran agama baru, melainkan sebuah praktik spiritualitas yang memanfaatkan ruang digital sebagai medium untuk mereka mengaktualisasikan ritual, nilai, dan memperluas jaringan komunitas melalui internet. Dengan meminjam pemikiran Durkheim, temuan kedua menjelaskan tentang peran ruang digital sebagai arena kehidupan spiritualitas yang baru.
O hemisfério sul e o equilíbrio do poder
Authors: Faria Oswaldo Terra de
Published: December 2024

Our geopolitical analysis made constant incursions above the Equator, due to the peculiarities of the area that we had to focus on. In the Indian Ocean, there are manifestations of power of a local character and projections of power of the superpowers and great powers. In spite of the attempts to declare it a "Zone of Peace", the truth is that the Indian Ocean today presents itself as a potential "Conflict Zone", judging by the strategic moves that are developed there, either by the superpowers or by the initiative of the local States. It is possible that the instability of the geopolitical framework of the Indian Ocean, which affects us so much, is an awakening for our redemption since, as Dr. Rotstein states, "no country can be independent when its heart beats in the Persian Gulf."
Competências Técnico-Especializadas Desenvolvidas na Formação do Aluno Especialista em Meteorologia
Authors: Brandão Ronaldo de Souza
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to determine whether the Training Course for Sergeants (CFS) at the School for Specialists in Aeronautics (EEAR) has developed, since 2005, the Meteorology students’ (BMT) skills for the aforemetioned specialized technical field. The professionals who have competence in their area of expertise are able to add values, knowledge and skills to solve both daily and unusual situations. Thus, this research sought to focus on the curriculum structure of the course, on the view of the instructor about their teaching practice, on the view of the undergraduate student about their training and future operational performance, and on the view of the Meteorologist officer about the sergeant received during the considered period. The result revealed by the survey showed that the CFS BMT has developed, since the considered period, the students’ competence to do the job expected from the sergeants after their training.
O papel da inovação tecnológica e da gestão conjunta do setor cibernético na integração das Operações de Informação no Brasil
Authors: Walker Márcio Saldanha
Published: December 2024

This study is intended to verify the role of technological innovation and the joint management of the cybernetics sector in the integration of Information Operations in Brazil. The advent of technological innovations has modified the vision of forces of the world with regard to the organization of the cybernetics sector and the integration of Information Operations. In Brazil, the political-strategic proposals of the Ministry of Defense resulted in initiatives in the cybernetics sector in the three Armed Forces, impacting the organizational management of the Joint Information Operations. The problem was evidenced by the fact that the three Brazilian Armed Forces structured different cybernetic and information systems, divergent from the global trend in terms of interoperability in Joint Operations. The comparison between the of organizational politicalstrategic vision and the joint cybernetic structures was used in the Information Operations in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Russia, with the political-strategic vision and the cybernetic and Information Operations structures in Brazil. Thus, it has been verified that, although partially divergent, compared to Brazil, the countries present a common vision regarding the political-strategic proposal and the joint cybernetic structure, unlike Brazil’s cybernetic information management model that does not have the joint organizational view. As a conclusion, the study suggests the integration by the Information Management innovation, with the unification of the cybernetic structure at the joint strategic and operational level of the Armed Forces, in order to increase the Interoperability of Information Operations.
O impacto da adoção do Relatório Final Simplificado (RFS) nos processos investigativos de ocorrências aeronáuticas da aviação militar, conduzidos pelo CENIPA
Authors: Lirio Thiago Alexandre
Published: December 2024

The Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and Prevention Center (CENIPA) has implemented measures to increase the speed of the investigation process of aeronautical occurrences. In this context, the present study aimed to verify the extent to which the application of the Simplified Final Report (RFS) impacted on the amount of final military reports produced by CENIPA in the first nine months of 2015. The focus of the study was to verify if the production capacity of final reports by CENIPA has changed after the application of the RFS for the investigation of military occurrences. The analysis was based on the statistical correlation between two periods of equal duration, one before and one after the application of the RFS. To quantify the impact on production capacity of final reports, an indicator that related the number of reports initiated and finalized in each period of the survey was applied. The indicator showed an increase of 58.86% in the production capacity of final reports after the application of the RFS SFR in the field of military aviation from January to September 2015. The increase was confirmed by the Chi-Square statistical test, which confirmed the statistical significance among the variables and detected a correlation between the number of reports completed by CENIPA and the application of the RFS, at the level of significance established in this research.
Guerra na Ucrânia
Authors: Rosa Carlos Eduardo Valle
Published: December 2024

The War between Russia and Ukraine raises possibilities for analysis for the employment of Aerospace Power. The article uses the principles of war as theorized by Antoine-Henri Jomini and Carl von Clausewitz as a tool for analysis of aerospace warfare in this conflict. Through a survey of facts observed in the war from news websites, academic institutes, and social media, it points out relationships between principles of war and the events of the conflict, concerning the employment of the Russian Aerospace Force and the Ukrainian Air Force. In addition to inferences that exemplify the application of the principles, the main contribution of the article is to identify those principles of war, originally designed for surface warfare, can be extrapolated to contextual analyses of aerospace warfare.