bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Engineering by Self‐Assembled Monolayer for High‐Performance Sb2S3 Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Xueling , Zhao Yuqi , Li Chuang , Wang Xiaomin , Xiao Peng , Gong Junbo , Chen Tao , Xiao Xudong , Li Jianmin
Published: June 2024

Antimony chalcogenides films and devices have drawn much attention in recent years because of their notable advantages. Unfortunately, the performance of Sb‐based solar cells is still underdeveloped compared to the theoretical value, which is closely related to charge carrier separation and transfer, highlighting the importance of enhancing the interface quality. In this work, an interfacial engineering by utilizing a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of MeO‐2PACz as an interface layer between the Sb2S3 and Spiro‐OMeTAD is developed to assist hole transport. The strong interface interaction between Sb2S3 and MeO‐2PACz is systematically investigated by Raman, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Through such interfacial engineering, a more uniform surface potential, bigger built‐in potential, better energy‐level match as well as outstanding photoelectric properties are achieved. Finally, the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE = 8.06%) of Sb2S3 solar cells with SAMs is inspiringly enhanced by >13%. It is expected that this effort will bring fresh insights and strategies for improving the performance of Sb‐based solar devices.
Spatiotemporal responsive hydrogel microspheres for the treatment of gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Li , Fan Lu , Filppula Anne M. , Wang Yu , Shang Luoran , Zhang Hongbo
Published: June 2024

The development of tumor drug microcarriers has attracted considerable interest due to their distinctive therapeutic performances. Current attempts tend to elaborate on the micro/nano‐structure design of the microcarriers to achieve multiple drug delivery and spatiotemporal responsive features. Here, the desired hydrogel microspheres are presented with spatiotemporal responsiveness for the treatment of gastric cancer. The microspheres are generated based on inverse opals, their skeleton is fabricated by biofriendly hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), and is then filled with a phase‐changing hydrogel composed of fish gelatin and agarose. Besides, the incorporated black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) within the filling hydrogel endow the microspheres with outstanding photothermal responsiveness. Two antitumor drugs, sorafenib (SOR) and doxorubicin (DOX), are loaded in the skeleton and filling hydrogel, respectively. It is found that the drugs show different release profiles upon near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, which exerts distinct performances in a controlled manner. Through both in vitro and in vivo experiments, it is demonstrated that such microspheres can significantly reduce tumor cell viability and enhance the efficiency in treating gastric cancer, indicating a promising stratagem in the field of drug delivery and tumor therapy.
Parenting practices and trajectories of proactive coping assets among emerging adult Black men
Authors: Collins Christopher C. , Kwon Elizabeth , Kogan Steven M.
Published: June 2024

Positive youth development (PYD) frameworks suggest that a critical response to investigating the challenges young Black men living in resource poor communities experience involves identifying contextual resources in young men's lives and personal assets that promote success. The following study examines heterogeneity in proactive coping assets trajectories, parental practices as predictors of developmental trajectories, and associated outcomes of each trajectory. The study sample consisted of Black emerging adult men living in rural Georgia (N = 504). At baseline, men were between the ages of 19 and 22 (Mage = 20.29; SD = 1.10). At wave four, the participants' mean age was 27.67 (SD = 1.39). Results of growth mixture modeling from waves 1 to 3 discerned three developmental trajectory classes of emerging adults' proactive coping assets: a high and increasing class (n = 247, 49%), a low and stable class (n = 212, 42%), and a moderate and decreasing class (n = 45, 9%). Trajectory classes were linked to baseline levels of parental support, coaching, and expectations. Analysis revealed that parental support and parental coaching predicted proactive coping asset trajectory class identification. Links were then investigated between emerging adults' proactive coping asset trajectory classes and wave four physical health, depression, and alcohol use. Results revealed significant associations between class identification, alcohol use, and physical health. Study findings provide evidence supporting the impact of parenting on emerging adult Black men, underscoring the need to expand resources that support parenting and emerging adult relationships.
Healing and wellbeing outcomes of services for Aboriginal people based on cultural therapeutic ways: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Wise Sarah , Jones Amanda , Johnson Gabrielle , Croisdale Shantai , Callope Caley , Chamberlain Catherine
Published: June 2024

Aboriginal Australians experience disproportionately high rates of mental health problems as the result of European colonisation, and Western evidence‐based treatment has been strikingly ineffective in improving the situation. Cultural Therapeutic Ways is a culturally specific healing and wellbeing practice framework developed by the Victorian Aboriginal Child and Community Agency that focuses on culturally based practices, trauma awareness, and self‐determination. Despite wide recognition of the importance of these elements in Indigenous healing and wellbeing programs, its measurable empirical impact is currently unclear. This paper summarises findings from a systematic scoping review to ascertain the published knowledge base for Cultural Therapeutic Ways and the gaps in knowledge that can inform future evaluation. Forty‐two studies of programs that applied Cultural Therapeutic Ways with Indigenous participants from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States of America were identified from the literature search. Services based on Cultural Therapeutic Ways contributed to healing and wellbeing because they create safety, strengthen cultural connections, develop empowerment and provide opportunities to release emotion, and increase social and spiritual support. As the review set out to determine the published evidence base for Cultural Therapeutic Ways, other effective approaches may have been overlooked. To develop the evidence base for Cultural Therapeutic Ways, service design must clearly describe target groups, whether the program is delivered by Aboriginal people, the processes of Cultural Therapeutic Ways utilised in service delivery, and how they are blended with Western approaches. Research efforts could also productively be focused on identifying or constructing culturally appropriate outcome measures.
Anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy in older patients with relapsed or refractory large B‐cell lymphoma: A multicenter study
Authors: Tun Aung M. , Patel Romil D. , St‐Pierre Frederique , Ouchveridze Evguenia , Niu Alex , Thordardottir Thorunn , Obasi Jennifer , Rosenthal Allison , Pophali Priyanka A. , Fenske Timothy S. , Karmali Reem , Ahmed Sairah , Johnston Patrick B.
Published: June 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy, despite being a potentially curative therapy in relapsed or refractory (RR) large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL), remains underutilized in older patients due to limited clinical data. We therefore studied the safety and efficacy of CAR‐T therapy in older patients with RR LBCL in the real‐world setting. Patients aged ≥65 years with RR LBCL, treated with anti‐CD19 CAR‐T therapy at 7 US institutions were included in this multicenter, retrospective, observational study. In total, 226 patients were included. Median age at infusion was 71 years (range 65–89). Best objective and complete response rates were 86% and 62%, respectively. Median follow‐up after infusion was 18.3 months. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 6.9 months, with 6‐ and 12‐month PFS estimates of 54% and 44%, respectively. The nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rate was 10.9% at day 180, primarily due to infections, and not impacted by the age groups. Grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity occurred in 7% and 26%, respectively. In univariate analysis, no significant difference in PFS was seen regardless of the age groups or CAR‐T type, whereas ECOG PS ≥2, elevated LDH, bulky disease, advanced stage, extranodal involvement, the need for bridging therapy, and prior bendamustine exposure were associated with shorter PFS. These findings support the use of CAR‐T in older patients, including those aged ≥80 years. The age at CAR‐T therapy did not influence safety, survival, and NRM outcomes. Older patients should not be excluded from receiving CAR‐T therapy solely based on their chronological age.
Workplace‐related determinants of mental health in food and bar workers in Western, high‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Grimmond Tessa , King Tania , LaMontagne Anthony D. , Oostermeijer Sanne , Harrap Benjamin , Newberry‐Dupé Jackson , Reavley Nicola
Published: June 2024

Background

This review synthesizes evidence from etiologic and intervention studies of workplace‐related determinants of mental health in workers in food and bar workers in the hospitality industry in Western high‐income countries.

Methods

Peer‐reviewed literature published between January 2000 and August 2023 was gathered from five bibliographic databases. Any study design was eligible. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools for appraisal.

Results

A narrative analysis was conducted for 26 included studies (total n = 15,069 participants) across Australia (3), Ireland (1), Norway (1), Spain (2), the United States (17) and the United Kingdom (2).

Individual and task‐related factors such as high emotional job demands and low job control were associated with high burnout and depression. Uncivil and hostile interpersonal interactions with customers, management, and colleagues were found to contribute to poor mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and burnout.

Conclusion

Findings from included studies highlight the impact of workplace culture, including management practices and workplace social support, on mental health. Organization‐level interventions may therefore be most effective for addressing individual, interpersonal, and organizational determinants of mental health in food and bar occupations, particularly when implemented as part of broader organizational efforts to support health and wellbeing. Industry‐wide policy changes may also be necessary to address structural concerns, including job and financial insecurity, job strain and access to benefits, such as secure sick leave and minimum contract hours.
Resting diffusing capacity and severity of radiographic disease predict gas exchange abnormalities with exercise in former US coal miners
Authors: Cohen Robert A. , Go Leonard H. T. , Friedman Lee , Zell‐Baran Lauren M. , Rose Cecile S. , Almberg Kirsten S.
Published: June 2024

Background

The US Department of Labor (DOL) does not fund diffusing capacity (DLCO) or metabolic measurements from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for coal miners' disability evaluations. Although exercise arterial blood gas testing is covered, many miners are unable to perform maximal tests, and sampling at peak exercise can be challenging. We explored the relationship between resting DLCO, radiographic disease severity, and CPET abnormalities in former US coal miners.

Methods

We analyzed data from miners evaluated between 2005 and 2015. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine relationships between percent predicted (pp) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1pp), DLCOpp, VO2maxpp, A‐a oxygen gradient (A‐a)pp, dead space fraction (Vd/Vt), disabling oxygen tension (PO2), and radiographic findings of pneumoconiosis.

Results

Data from 2015 male coal miners was analyzed. Mean tenure was 28 years (SD 8.6). Thirty‐twopercent had an abnormal A‐a gradient (>150 pp), 20% had elevated Vd/Vt (>0.33), and 34% a VO2max < 60 pp. DLCOpp strongly predicted a disabling PO2, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.33 [2.09−2.60], compared to 1.18 [1.08−1.29] for FEV1. Each increase in subcategory of small opacity (simple) pneumoconiosis increased the odds of a disabling PO2 by 42% [1.29−1.57], controlling for age, body mass index, pack‐years of tobacco smoke exposure, and years of coal mine employment.

Conclusions

DLCO is the best resting pulmonary function test predictor of CPET abnormalities. Radiographic severity of pneumoconiosis was also associated with CPET abnormalities. These findings support funding DLCO testing for impairment and suggest the term “small opacity” should replace “simple” pneumoconiosis to reflect significant associations with impairment.
Regulating the Solvation Structure in Polymer Electrolytes for High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Yuncong , Jin Zhekai , Liu Zeyu , Xu Hao , Sun Furong , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Chen Tao , Wang Chao
Published: June 2024

Solid polymer electrolytes are promising electrolytes for safe and high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries. However, traditional ether‐based polymer electrolytes are limited by their low lithium‐ion conductivity and narrow electrochemical window because of the well‐defined and intimated Li+‐oxygen binding topologies in the solvation structure. Herein, we proposed a new strategy to reduce the Li+‐polymer interaction and strengthen the anion‐polymer interaction by combining strong Li+‐O (ether) interactions, weak Li+‐O (ester) interactions with steric hindrance in polymer electrolytes. In this way, a polymer electrolyte with a high lithium ion transference number (0.80) and anion‐rich solvation structure is obtained. This polymer electrolyte possesses a wide electrochemical window (5.5 V versus Li/Li+) and compatibility with both Li metal anode and high‐voltage NCM cathode. Li||LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 full cells with middle‐high active material areal loading (~7.5 mg cm−2) can stably cycle at 4.5 V. This work provides new insight into the design of polymer electrolytes for high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries through the regulation of ion‐dipole interactions.
Chromium Catalyzed Asymmetric Reformatsky Reaction
Authors: Lv Yong‐Feng , Liu Gang , Shi Zhaoxin , Wang Zhaobin
Published: June 2024

This study describes an unprecedented chromium‐catalyzed asymmetric Reformatsky reaction, enabling the synthesis of chiral β‐hydroxy carbonyl compounds from α‐chlorinated or α‐brominated esters and amides. By employing a chiral chromium/diarylamine bis(oxazoline) catalyst, we achieved relatively broad functional group tolerance. Distinct from known reports, the protocol operates under both classical and photoredox conditions, facilitated by the in situ formation of a nucleophilic chiral chromium intermediate through a radical‐polar crossover mechanism. Preliminary mechanistic insights, supported by DFT calculations, identify the nucleophilic aldehyde addition as the key stereo‐determining step. This approach not only overcomes the limitations of existing Reformatsky reactions but also provides a versatile strategy for accessing complex chiral molecules.
Mass Transfer Limitation within Molecular Crowding Electrolyte Reorienting (100) and (101) Texture for Dendrite‐Free Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Ziqing , Wang Jiaao , Kawashima Kenta , Liu Zonghang , Henkelman Graeme , Mullins C. Buddie
Published: June 2024

Aqueous zinc metal batteries are emerging as a promising alternative for energy storage due to their high safety and low cost. However, their development is hindered by the formation of Zn dendrites and side reactions. Herein, a macromolecular crowding electrolyte (MCE40) is prepared by incorporating polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the aqueous solutions, exhibiting an enlarged electrochemical stability window and anti‐freezing properties. Notably, through electrochemical measurements and characterizations, it is discovered that the mass transfer limitation near the electrode surface within the MCE40 electrolyte inhibits the (002) facets. This leads to the crystallographic reorientation of Zn deposition to expose the (100) and (101) textures, which undergo a “nucleation‐merge‐growth” process to form a uniform and compact Zn deposition. Consequently, the MCE40 enables highly reversible and stable Zn plating/stripping in Zn/Cu half cells over 600 cycles and in Zn/Zn symmetric cells for over 3000 hours at 1.0 mA cm−2. Furthermore, Na0.33V2O5/Zn and α‐MnO2/Zn full cells display promising capacity and sustained stability over 500 cycles at room and sub‐zero temperatures. This study highlights a novel electrochemical mechanism for achieving preferential Zn deposition, introducing a unique strategy for fabricating dendrite‐free zinc metal batteries.
Tailoring d–p Orbital Hybridization to Decipher the Essential Effects of Heteroatom Substitution on Redox Kinetics
Authors: Zhao Jian , Zhang Yuxiao , Zhuang Zechao , Deng Yating , Gao Ge , Li Jiayi , Meng Alan , Li Guicun , Wang Lei , Li Zhenjiang , Wang Dingsheng
Published: June 2024

The heteroatom substitution is considered as a promising strategy for boosting the redox kinetics of transition metal compounds in hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) although the dissimilar metal identification and essential mechanism that dominate the kinetics remain unclear. It is presented that d‐p orbital hybridization between the metal and electrolyte ions can be utilized as a descriptor for understanding the redox kinetics. Herein, a series of Co, Fe and Cu heteroatoms are respectively introduced into Ni3Se4 cathodes, among them, only the moderate Co‐substituted Ni3Se4 can hold the optimal d‐p orbital hybridization resulted from the formed more unoccupied antibonding states π*. It inevitably enhances the interfacial charge transfer and ensures the balanced OH− adsorption‐desorption to accelerate the redox kinetics validated by the lowest reaction barrier (0.59 eV, matching well with the theoretical calculations). Coupling with the lower OH− diffusion energy barrier, the prepared cathode delivers ultrahigh rate capability (~68.7 % capacity retention even the current density increases by 200 times), and an assembled HSC also presents high energy/power density. This work establishes the principles for determining heteroatoms and deciphers the underlying effects of the heteroatom substitution on improving redox kinetics and the rate performance of battery‐type electrodes from a novel perspective of orbital‐scale manipulation.
Unraveling the Origin of Multichannel Circularly Polarized Luminescence in a Pyrene‐Functionalized Topologically Chiral [2]Catenane
Authors: Wang Xueli , Wu Peicong , Wang Yu , Cui Tong , Jia Menghui , He Xiaoxiao , Wang Wei , Pan Haifeng , Sun Zhenrong , Yang Hai‐Bo , Chen Jinquan
Published: June 2024

Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) are promising platforms for developing functionalized artificial molecular machines. The construction of chiral MIMs with appealing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties has boosted their potential application in biomedicine and the optical industry. However, there is currently little knowledge about the CPL emission mechanism or the emission dynamics of these related MIMs. Herein, we demonstrate that time‐resolved circularly polarized luminescence (TRCPL) spectroscopy combined with transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy offers a feasible approach to elucidate the origins of CPL emission in pyrene‐functionalized topologically chiral [2]catenane as well as in a series of pyrene‐functionalized chiral molecules. For the first time, direct evidence differentiating the chiroptical signals originating from either topological (local state emission) or Euclidean chirality (excimer state emission) in these pyrene‐functionalized chiral molecules has been discovered. Our work not only establishes a novel and ideal approach to study CPL mechanism, but also provides a theoretical foundation for the rational design of novel chiral materials in the future.
Multi‐cell‐line learning for the data‐driven construction of mechanistic metabolic models
Authors: Lu Yen‐An , McCann Meghan G. , Hu Wei‐Shou , Zhang Qi
Published: June 2024

Mammalian cells are commonly used as hosts in cell culture for biologics production in the pharmaceutical industry. Structured mechanistic models of metabolism have been used to capture complex cellular mechanisms that contribute to varying metabolic shifts in different cell lines. However, little research has focused on the impact of temporal changes in enzyme abundance and activity on the modeling of cell metabolism. In this work, we present a framework for constructing mechanistic models of metabolism that integrate growth‐signaling control of enzyme activity and transcript dynamics. The proposed approach is applied to build models for three Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines using fed‐batch culture data and time‐series transcript profiles. Leveraging information from the transcriptome data, we develop a parameter estimation approach based on multi‐cell‐line (MCL) learning, which combines data sets from different cell lines and trains the individual cell‐line models jointly to improve model accuracy. The computational results demonstrate the important role of growth signaling and transcript variability in metabolic models as well as the virtue of the MCL approach for constructing cell‐line models with a limited amount of data. The resulting models exhibit a high level of accuracy in predicting distinct metabolic behaviors in the different cell lines; these models can potentially be used to accelerate the process and cell‐line development for the biomanufacturing of new protein therapeutics.
Understanding rural veterans: Toward a conceptual framework of service
Authors: Jordon Sarah , Alves Jason
Published: June 2024

Numerous stereotypes of the veteran population miss the diverse backgrounds of veterans as a group, particularly that one quarter of known veterans are living in rural communities across the United States (VA, 2022). Despite the Federal focus on veteran rural health, there needs to be more literature available on veteran success in community colleges, particularly in rural‐serving community colleges. Also, it is important to know more about how veteran student success influences the communities in which they live. This manuscript includes a comprehensive literature review examining rural veterans in the United States, particularly in higher education, and develops a framework for community colleges to better understand the needs of their rural veteran populations. We conclude by offering several promising practices to effectively serve this diverse population.
And the beat goes on
Authors: Ueyama Hiroki A. , Block Peter C.
Published: June 2024

Key points

Technical advancements in devices and the development of techniques to optimize valve implantation have been the cornerstone of improvement in outcomes of TAVR.

While device success and the rate of paravalvular leak have decreased over time, the rate of permanent pacemaker implantation following self‐expanding valve systems remains high.

Reduction in the rate of permanent pacemaker implantation compared to surgical aortic valve replacement remains a high priority.
Spontaneous remission of Cronkhite–Canada syndrome without immunosuppressive medication in the context of decompensated cirrhosis: A case report
Authors: Deacon Anthony J. , Hoey Paris , Grimpen Florian , Francis Leo , Brown Ian , Leggett Barbara
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

We present a case of Cronkhite–Canada syndrome in a patient with decompensated cirrhosis who had successful induction of remission with nutritional supplementation alone. We propose that early institution of high‐protein, high‐energy enteral supplementation should be offered to all patients, especially those with compelling contraindications to immunosuppression.
Favorable outcome of open partial cystectomy for muscle‐invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: A case report and literature review
Authors: Nhungo Charles John , Lori Joseph Martin , Kashaija John Mugisha , Harya Sirili Aloyce , Kataraia Rachel , Ngaiza Advera , Nyongole Obadia Venance , Mkony Charles
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

The “gold standard” treatment for Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is radical cystectomy and different management approaches that combine chemotherapy and radiation in a neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting have been attempted with varying degrees of effectiveness. For certain individuals, partial cystectomy offers sufficient local control for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Lifelong follow‐up with cystoscopy is advised due to the possibility of potentially fatal late recurrence.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is a rare urologic malignancy that is estimated to affect 3%–5% of the bladder cases. SCC of the bladder remains the most common subtype throughout Africa. Most of the literatures focused on the management of Urothelial carcinoma (UC), with fewer discussions on SCC management. UC typically presents with painless hematuria, whereas SCC presents with painful hematuria, bladder mass, and necroturia. SCC is mostly radioresistant and does not respond to chemotherapy. The mainstay treatment is partial cystectomy or radical cystectomy, which can be performed through open surgery or laparoscopic or robot‐assisted approaches, all of which have acceptable results. We report a patient with a favorable outcome following partial cystectomy who was managed by open surgery. At the 12‐month follow‐up, the patient remained asymptomatic with good surgical outcomes.
Unusual manifestations of Takayasu arteritis: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Al‐kinani Tahseen Ali , Al‐yacopy Ali Akeel , Alhatemi Ahmed Qasim Mohammed , Hashim Hashim Talib , Abdulhussain Rand , Hashim Ali Talib
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

Timely recognition of atypical Takayasu arteritis is crucial. Unusual presentations, such as pericardial effusion, can complicate diagnosis. CT angiogram aids in precise diagnosis, guiding targeted immunosuppressive therapy. Multidisciplinary collaboration is vital for comprehensive management, improving patient outcomes in this challenging condition.

This case study highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by atypical presentations of Takayasu arteritis (TA), focusing on a 42‐year‐old male presenting with pericardial effusion. Despite inconclusive initial investigations, a CT angiogram revealed large vessel vasculitis, confirming TA. Management with immunosuppressive therapy led to clinical improvement. This case emphasize the importance of recognizing unusual manifestations of TA for timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, emphasizing the role of multidisciplinary collaboration in optimizing patient outcomes.
Constructing Dynamic Cross‐Linking Networks as Durable Bifunctional Coating for Highly Stable Zinc Anodes
Authors: Qiao Liteng , Zhang Pengfei , Yu Yuanze , Jia Xu , Song Hongjiang , Zhong Shengkui , Liu Jie
Published: June 2024

The serious dendrite growth and H2O‐induced side reactions on the Zn electrode lead to a significant fading in the cycling performance, hindering the development of commercial applications of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, a novel bifunctional network coating of dynamically cross‐linking sodium alginate with trehalose has been rationally constructed on the Zn anode (Zn@AT). Firstly, the AT coating possesses abundant zinophilic oxygen‐containing functional groups, which are able to induce uniform Zn2+ ion flux. Secondly, the AT coating as a solid barrier can effectively inhibit H2O‐induced side reactions by lowering the activity of H2O molecules. More specially, based on the dynamic cross‐linking, AT network coating is endowed with self‐healing capacity during cycling for durable battery operation. Consequentially, Zn@AT anodes in symmetric cells can cycle stably for 2787 h at 2 mA cm−2/2 mAh cm−2, and even achieve a significantly long cycle performance of 1087 h at large charge/discharge depths of 10 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2. Moreover, the Zn@AT//MnO2 full cell shows excellent specific capacity of 175 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles. This study lights an effective strategy to enhance the durability of Zn electrodes in AZIBs.
Die Ascaroside
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette
Published: June 2024

Die Ascaroside der Fadenwürmer avancierten erst vor wenigen Jahren vom Dauerlarven induzierenden Pheromon zu einer umfangreichen Naturstoffklasse, deren strukturelle Vielfalt auf der modularen Verknüpfung von Intermediaten unterschiedlichster Stoffwechselwege basiert. Entsprechend vielseitig sind ihre physiologischen Funktionen, von Strukturlipiden bis hin zu diffundiblen Signalsubstanzen. Fadenwürmer kommunizieren durch Ascaroside nicht nur untereinander, sondern auch mit Organismen anderer Lebensreiche.
Enhancing Targeted Drug Delivery through Cell‐Specific Endosomal Escape
Authors: Chen Pengwen , Cabral Horacio
Published: June 2024

Endosome is a major barrier in the intracellular delivery of drugs, especially for biologics, such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. After being endocytosed, these cargos will be trapped inside the endosomal compartments and finally degraded in the lysosomes. Thus, various strategies have been developed to facilitate the escape of cargos from the endosomes to improve the intracellular delivery efficiency. While the majority of the studies are focusing on strengthening the endosomal escape capability to maximize the delivery outcome, recent evidence suggests that a careful control of the endosomal escape process could provide opportunity for targeted drug delivery. In this concept review, we examined current delivery systems that can sense intra‐endosomal factors or external stimuli for controlling endosomal escape toward a targeted intracellular delivery of cargos. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of such strategies are discussed.
Boron Agent Delivery Platforms Based on Natural Products for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Kawasaki Riku , Miura Yamato , Kono Nanami , Fujita Seiya , Yamana Keita , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: June 2024

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is one of the most promising modalities for cancer treatment due to its minimal invasiveness. Although two types of boron agents are clinically used, several issues persist in their delivery, including poor water solubility, instability in aqueous media, selectivity toward cancer cells, accumulation in cancer cells, retention time in tumor tissue, and efficiency in achieving the boron neutron capture reaction. Addressing these challenges, numerous groups have explored various boron agents to enhance the therapeutic benefits of BNCT. This review summarizes delivery platforms based on natural products for BNCT.
An atlas and database of neuropeptide gene expression in the adult zebrafish forebrain
Authors: Hiraki‐Kajiyama Towako , Miyasaka Nobuhiko , Ando Reiko , Wakisaka Noriko , Itoga Hiroya , Onami Shuichi , Yoshihara Yoshihiro
Published: June 2024

Zebrafish is a useful model organism in neuroscience; however, its gene expression atlas in the adult brain is not well developed. In the present study, we examined the expression of 38 neuropeptides, comparing with GABAergic and glutamatergic neuron marker genes in the adult zebrafish brain by comprehensive in situ hybridization. The results are summarized as an expression atlas in 19 coronal planes of the forebrain. Furthermore, the scanned data of all brain sections were made publicly available in the Adult Zebrafish Brain Gene Expression Database (https://ssbd.riken.jp/azebex/). Based on these data, we performed detailed comparative neuroanatomical analyses of the hypothalamus and found that several regions previously described as one nucleus in the reference zebrafish brain atlas contain two or more subregions with significantly different neuropeptide/neurotransmitter expression profiles. Subsequently, we compared the expression data in zebrafish telencephalon and hypothalamus obtained in this study with those in mice, by performing a cluster analysis. As a result, several nuclei in zebrafish and mice were clustered in close vicinity. The present expression atlas, database, and anatomical findings will contribute to future neuroscience research using zebrafish.
Highly active air electrode catalysts for Zn‐air batteries: Catalytic mechanism and active center from obfuscation to clearness
Authors: Deng Wenhui , Song Zirui , Jing Mingjun , Wu Tianjing , Li Wenzhang , Zou Guoqiang
Published: June 2024

Carbon‐based materials have been found to accelerate the sluggish kinetic reaction and are largely subject to the overall Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) property, while their full catalytic mechanism is still not excavated because of the indistinct internal structure and immature in‐situ technology. Up to now, systematic methods have been utilized to study and design promising high‐performance carbon‐based catalysts. To resolve the real active units and catalytic mechanism, developing molecular catalyst is a significant strategy. Herein, the review will initiate to briefly introduce the working principle and composition of ZABs. An important statement is correspondingly provided about the typical structure and catalytic mechanisms for the air cathode material. It also presents the tremendous endeavors on the catalytic performance and stability of carbon‐based material. Furthermore, combined with theoretical calculation, the self‐defined active sites are analyzed to understand the catalytic character, where the molecular catalyst is subsequently summarized and discussed through highlighting the unambiguous and controllable structure, in the hope of surfacing the optimum catalyst. Building on the fundamental understanding of carbon‐based and molecular catalysts, this review is expected to provide guidance and direction toward designing future mechanistic studies and ORR electrocatalysts.
Electrochemical Stability of MXenes in Water Based on Constant Potential AIMD Simulations
Authors: Wan Pifang , Chen Yuping , Tang Qing
Published: June 2024

MXene has been recently explored as promising electrocatalytic materials to accelerate the electrocatalytic process for hydrogen evolution, but their dynamic stability under electrochemical conditions remains elusive. Here we performed first‐principle ab initio molecular dynamics calculations to reveal the electrochemical stability of Ti2CTx MXene in different aqueous environments. The results revealed the high vulnerability of the pure and vacancy‐defected Ti2CO2 MXene towards water attack, leading to surface oxidation of MXene under neutral electrochemical condition that formed adsorbed oxygen species to Ti and dissociated proton in solution. The surface oxidation of Ti2CO2 could be prevented in the acid condition or in the neutral condition under the negative potential. Differently, the fully F‐ or OH‐functionalized Ti2CF2 and Ti2C(OH)2 as well as the mixed functionalized Ti2C(O0.5OH0.5)2 and Ti2CO1.12F0.88 are highly stable under various electrochemical conditions, which can effectively prevent close contact between water and surface Ti atoms via electronic repulsion or steric hindrance. These findings provide atomic level understanding of the aqueous stability of MXene and provide useful strategies to prevent degradation and achieve highly stable MXenes.
The psychosocial experiences of internally displaced children due to armed conflict in the case of north east Ethiopia: Implications for intervention
Authors: Demsie Getnet Tesfaw
Published: June 2024

The repercussions of internally induced armed conflict appear to vary for different groups of people. The physical and economic consequences of armed conflict have been investigated and documented by researchers. However, the psychosocial impact of IDPs on children has not yet been explored in detail. The main objective of this study was to investigate how internal displacement due to armed conflict affected the psychosocial well‐being of children in Southern Wollo, Ethiopia. A sample of 25 children was purposely selected and interviewed about their psychosocial experience following displacement because of armed conflict. Ten parents/caregivers were also selected purposely to describe the situation of internally displaced children. To explain the study, system and attachment theories were mainly employed. Using qualitative methods of analysis, each child's psychosocial experiences were documented, analyzed, and compared to capture the essence (theme) of the problem. From 35 transcripts and observation checklists, three emerging themes were developed and explained. The findings showed that there existed feelings of separation, lack of hope in schooling, psychological distress, loneliness, insecurity, and depression among children affected by displacement due to war. Children's exposure and witness of the horrifying situation during displacement traumatized and disturbed them a lot. Based on the results, it is possible to imply that government and nongovernment organizations that have a stake in children should design appropriate intervention mechanics to support children affected by internal displacement due to armed conflict.
Materiality analysis in sustainability reporting: Insights from large Spanish companies
Authors: Padilla‐Garrido Nuria , Aguado‐Correa Francisco , Rabadán‐Martín Inmaculada , López‐Jiménez José María , de la Vega‐Jiménez Juan José , Peletier‐Ribera Ignacio
Published: June 2024

Despite the significance of materiality, its implementation has been perceived as ambiguous, opaque, and heterogeneous. This study focuses on analyzing materiality reporting among companies that utilize GRI and are listed on the Spanish stock exchange between 2018 and 2021. First, it examines the disclosure of materiality analysis by introducing a materiality disclosure assessment index (MDA) and exploring its determinants. Additionally, it investigates the alignment of material topics with GRI Topic Standards, analyzing the cross‐cutting nature of material topics. Our results indicate that MDA reached slightly over half of its maximum value. We found evidence that MDA is positively associated with membership in the IBEX 35, as well as with five out of the seven industries comprising the stock index. Furthermore, the years of disclosure experience in two industries significantly influenced MDA. Companies considered 20% of material topics as cross‐cutting, while another 20% had no direct correspondence with GRI standards. This study builds upon previous empirical findings on GRI materiality disclosure and provides valuable insights for research, practice, and standard setting.
Social media attention and corporate greenwashing: Evidence from China
Authors: Ren Jieyu , Wu Peng , Hou Liya
Published: June 2024

This study examines the effect of social media attention on corporate greenwashing using a sample of Chinese A‐share listed firms from 2011 to 2021. We find that social media attention increases corporate greenwashing, and the effect is more pronounced for firms with negative financial performance and those with violations, supporting the pressure hypothesis. Drawing on fraud triangle theory, which considers the interplay of pressure, opportunity, and rationalization, we also find that the pressure effect is more pronounced for firms with higher CEO power, greater information asymmetry, as well as firms located in regions with a gambling culture and non‐state‐owned firms. This indicates that firms are more inclined to greenwash when they perceive an opportunity and can rationalize this behavior. Furthermore, our heterogeneity analyses demonstrate that the pressure effect is more significant for firms located in regions characterized by higher marketization, firms operating in non‐heavily polluting industries, and those that do not provide assured non‐financial reports. This study contributes to the literature on the role of social media and determinants of corporate greenwashing, providing important implications for firms' sustainable development.
Underlying Roles of Polyol Additives in Promoting CO2 Capture in PEI/Silica Adsorbents
Authors: Moon Hyun June , Carrillo Jan‐Michael Y. , Song MinGyu , Rim Guanhe , Heller William T. , Leisen Johannes , Proaño Laura , Short Gabriel N. , Banerjee Sayan , Sumpter Bobby G. , Jones Christopher W.
Published: June 2024

Solid‐supported amines having low molecular weight branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) physically impregnated into porous solid supports are promising adsorbents for CO2 capture. Co‐impregnating short‐chain poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) together with PEI alters the performance of the adsorbent, delivering improved amine efficiency (AE, mol CO2 sorbed/mol N) and faster CO2 uptake rates. To uncover the physical basis for this improved gas capture performance, we probe the distribution and mobility of the polymers in the pores via small angle neutron scattering (SANS), solid‐state NMR, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies. SANS and MD simulations reveal that PEG displaces wall‐bound PEI, making amines more accessible for CO2 sorption. Solid‐state NMR and MD simulation suggest intercalation of PEG into PEI domains, separating PEI domains and reducing amine‐amine interactions, providing potential PEG‐rich and amine‐poor interfacial domains that bind CO2 weakly via physisorption while providing facile pathways for CO2 diffusion. Contrary to a prior literature hypothesis, no evidence is obtained for PEG facilitating PEI mobility in solid supports. Instead, the data suggest that PEG chains coordinate to PEI, forming larger bodies with reduced mobility compared to PEI alone. We also demonstrate promising CO2 uptake and desorption kinetics at varied temperatures, facilitated by favorable amine distribution.
Cervical collar use in spinal cord injury management
Authors: Kolli Shruti , Medina Robert , DeYoung Chloe , Lucke‐Wold Brandon
Published: June 2024

Background

The use of cervical collars in the management of acute cervical spine injuries has been part of standard practice in the trauma setting for decades, aimed at preventing secondary injuries.

Objectives

To review the recent evidence challenging the routine use of cervical collars, addressing the limited scientific support, associated risks, and guidelines for their use.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing recent studies and guidelines from authoritative bodies such as the American Association for Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. The review focused on the efficacy, risks, and recommendations regarding cervical collar use in acute cervical spine injuries.

Results

Recent evidence questions the routine use of cervical collars, highlighting limited scientific support and several associated risks, including pressure ulcers and decreased venous return. Cervical collars may also be contraindicated in individuals with abnormal spinal structures, such as those with Ankylosing Spondylitis. The efficacy of cervical collars is debated, particularly concerning undiagnosed spinal fractures, where delayed diagnosis can result in permanent injuries. Despite these risks, cervical collars may be beneficial in low‐resource areas and when used effectively with early clearance post‐injury. Current guidelines recommend immobilizing patients suspected of cervical spine injury but stress the importance of proper evaluation of the need for immobilization. Recent guidelines advocate for spinal motion restriction over traditional immobilization, emphasizing the need for better risk assessment and implementation strategies.

Conclusions/Clinical Importance

Re‐evaluating the routine use of cervical collars is crucial due to potential risks and limited supporting evidence, with a focus on individualized assessment and adherence to updated guidelines favoring spinal motion restriction.
Accurate analytical evaluation of the generalized logarithmic and double Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein functions
Authors: Mamedov Bahtiyar A. , Özgül Duru
Published: June 2024

The accurate definition and powerful evaluation modeling of the various generalized Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein functions remain a challenging problem in various areas of physics. In this study, we develop a general analytical technique for accurately calculating logarithmic and double Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein functions. The obtaining analytical formulae are established by considering the binomial expansion theorem. The obtained expressions are valid in chemical potential values between ‐∞ <μ <0 and have been designated as explicit form features, high precision, and less computing time. The calculation results are tabularly illustrated to show the consistency of the analytical relations analysis under the effect of parameters. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the results, they are potentially useful in applications to evaluate thermionic emission and astrophysics problems.
HER2‐positive mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast coexisting with invasive lobular carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Guzelis Ismail , Kucukzeybek Betul Bolat , Uyaroglu Mehmet Ali , Gokova Melek Bekler , Sezgin Gulten , Kucukzeybek Yuksel
Published: June 2024

Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCA) of the breast is a rare variant of breast carcinoma. A 68‐year‐old female patient presented to the general surgery clinic with pain and swelling in the right breast. A mass was detected in the upper outer quadrant, and a fine‐needle aspiration biopsy was performed. The May‐Grünwald Giemsa stained slides showed aggregates of mucin‐rich pleomorphic cells with large nuclei in a mucinous background containing discohesive single cells. The Papanicolaou stain revealed a papillary structure composed of malignant epithelial cells in a necrotic background. A modified radical mastectomy was performed, and upon gross examination, two tumors were discovered in the central and upper outer quadrants. The first tumor, located centrally, was identified as invasive lobular breast carcinoma. The second tumor was an MCA with cytokeratin 7(+) and cytokeratin 20(−), and was determined to be the primary MCA of the breast based on clinical and radiological information. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were negative for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, and HER2 was 2+. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis detected HER2 gene amplification. During the 72‐month follow‐up, there were no findings compatible with recurrence or new metastasis. Although primary MCA is rare, it causes differential diagnosis problems and has different biological behaviors.