bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brucellosis (Malta Fever) in Pregnancy and Childbirth: A Case Report
Authors: Rastegar Maryam , Karimi Fatemeh Zahra , Dadgar Salmeh
Published: June 2024

Background:

Brucellosis is a multi-organ infectious disease that can affect people of all
ages. Systemic symptoms of brucellosis include back pain, headache, fatigue, weakness, general
body pain, fever and chills, anorexia, muscle pain, sweating, weight loss, joint pain, cough, neurological
symptoms, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation. In this report, the case of a pregnant
woman suffering from Malta fever with severe signs that she could not walk is reported.

Case Presentation:

In this paper, the case of a 28-year-old G3P2 female patient (third pregnancy,
two normal deliveries) with 37 weeks of pregnancy and a history of brucellosis in the last two
months, being under painkiller treatment, and who has been unable to walk (sacroiliitis) for two
weeks, has been reported. Previously, treatment with gentamicin 2 times a day for 6 days was started,
and in May 2022, the patient was admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad by ambulance.
After consultation with an infectious disease specialist, the patient received gentamicin IV QID at a
dose of 5 mg/kg, ceftriaxone BID at a dose of 1 mg and IV, and rifampin QID at a dose of 600 mg
and PO. She was subjected to CBC differential test twice a week, and BUN and CR assessments
were performed every other day. She has received acetaminophen 500 mg PO and Q 6 hrs in the
hospital during hospitalization. Radiography of the pelvis was done to check the bilateral sacroiliac
joint; it has been found to be normal and no evidence of joint effusion has been seen. After a week
of hospitalization and observation in the hospital, vaginal delivery was performed without any problems
and she gave birth to a baby boy with an Apgar score of 9-10.

Conclusion:

Clinical manifestations of brucellosis in pregnant women are weakness, arthralgia, fever,
fatigue, excessive night sweats, anorexia, muscle pain, chills, depression, weight loss, headache,
and back pain. The most common symptoms are fever, hepatomegaly, spleen involvement,
joint complications, and obstetric symptoms, including vaginal bleeding, postpartum endometritis,
pelvic or groin pain, premature rupture of membranes, and chorioamnionitis. Rifampicin and trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole for 6 to 8 weeks constitute the most common and recommended treatment.
Influence of Parameters of Mechanochemical Processing on the Efficacy of Complex Solid Dispersion of Anthelmintics
Authors: Varlamova Anastasiya I. , Khalikov Salavat S. , Arkhipov Ivan A. , Arisov Michael V. , Sadov Konstantin M. , Ilyin Michael M.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Due to the fact that animal parasitic diseases often occur in the form
of mixed infections, it is necessary to use complex drugs with a combination of active substances
that act against different classes of helminths. Fenbendazole has a wide spectrum of nematocidal
action and is less effective against cestodes. Considering that sheep are often infected with
both gastro-intestinal nematodes and cestodes, a complex drug based on fenbendazole,
niclosamide with polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer, was developed using mechanochemical
technology in order to increase its solubility and bioavailability and reduce the dosages and side
effects.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of mechanochemical technology on the efficacy
of complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics against cestodoses and nematodoses.

Methods:

The influence of different types of mills (roller and planetary mills), levels of energy
intensity (20, 40, 60 g), and component ratio (2:20:78; 3:30:67; 4:40:56) during mechanochemical
processing was studied on the anthelmintic efficacy of complex solid dispersions of fenbendazole,
niclosamide, and polyvinylpyrrolidone in laboratory models of trichinellosis and hymenolepiosis
of white mice, and on sheep naturally infected with helminths.

Results:

The efficacy of complex solid dispersions obtained in the planetary mill was higher than
the activity of dispersions obtained in a roller mill. It showed 87.5, 96.36, 83.77, and 99.39% efficacy,
respectively, against experimental trichinellosis, hymenolepiosis of white mice, gastrointestinal
nematode infection and monieziosis of sheep at a ratio of 2:20:78. The basic drug –
fenbendazole demonstrated 31.37 and 22.77% activity against experimental trichinellosis and
gastro-intestinal nematode infection of sheep. The basic drug, niclosamide, showed 36.37% efficacy
against hymenolepiosis in mice and 28.31% against monieziosis in sheep. It was established
that with an increase in the energy intensity level of the planetary mill (20, 40, and 60 g), the decrease
in the efficacy of solid dispersion occurred from 73.90 to 59.12% against T. spiralis and
from 92.73% to 79.81% against H. nana.

Conclusion:

The use of mechanochemical technology for the production of solid dispersions
of fenbendazole and niclosamide with polyvinylpyrrolidone makes it possible to increase the
anthelmintic efficacy by 2.7–3 times compared to the activity of basic substances. It was
noted that the complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics obtained in a planetary mill had
7.51–10.17% greater activity in comparison with the samples obtained in a roller mill. The most
optimal ratio of active substances was 2:20:78 at a 20 g level of energy intensity of the planetary
mill.
Determination of Mefuparib in Rat Plasma and its Application to Pharmacokinetics by a Simple and Rapid UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Chen Lianguo , Lin Longquan , Jiang Rongbin , Wu Jialei , Wen Congcong , Wang Xianqin
Published: June 2024

Background:

Mefuparib (CVL218) is one of the second-generation poly-ADP-ribose polymerase
(PARP) inhibitors and is used for the treatment of cancer. In this work, the levels of
CVL218 in the plasma samples of rats were measured using a newly developed UPLC-MS/MS
method.

Methods:

Six rats were given CVL218 (3 mg/kg) orally (po), and another six rats received
CVL218 (1 mg/kg) intravenously (iv). Rat plasma samples were treated with acetonitrile-
methanol (1:1, v/v) for protein precipitation. Cilostazol was used as the internal standard.
Over the range of 0.9–450 ng/mL, a standard curve representing known concentrations of
CVL218 in blank rat plasma was produced by UPLC-MS/MS. The US Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) guidelines were followed in the development of the validation method.

Results:

In rat plasma, the accuracy ranged from 90% to 112%, and the intra-day precision and inter-
day precision were both less than 15%. The recovery was higher than 87% and the matrix effect
varied from 102% to 113%. In the intravenous and oral administration groups, the values of
AUC(0-t) were 227.5 ±21.6 and 217.0 ±15.5 ng/mL·h, respectively, and the bioavailability was
31.8%. Furthermore, the half-life (T1/2) for oral and intravenous administration was found to be 1.6
±0.7 h and 1.7 ±0.3 h, respectively.

Conclusions:

The developed UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the determination
of CVL218 in rat plasma following oral and intravenous administration.
Psychosis and Neurosis: Main Differences and Impact on Life
Authors: Spytska Liana
Published: June 2024

Background:

Psychosis and neuroses are characterized by a state of mental imbalance
and disturbances in thinking processes and have a significant impact on the lives
of patients and their close environment. The article aims to study the assessment of the
quality of life of people suffering from neurosis and psychosis using the Manchester Quality
of Life Questionnaire, with components assessed using a seven-point Likert scale.

Methods:

The study was conducted using sociological methods, such as questionnaire surveys.
The study involved 519 people aged 18 and over, of whom 369 were diagnosed with
neurosis (183 men and 186 women) and 150 with psychosis (75 women and 75 men). The
survey participants came from Ukraine (223), Poland (80), Lithuania (41), the Czech Republic
(66), and Slovakia (71). The socio-demographic indicators of the respondents and
their subjective assessment of the quality of life are studied. Patients diagnosed with psychosis
rate their quality of life worse (3.74-1.35) than patients diagnosed with neurosis
(4.33-2.11).

Results:

The absence of influence of various socio-demographic indicators on the assessment
of quality of life in those patients who were diagnosed with “neurosis” and the presence
of such differences between some indicators in those patients who were diagnosed
with “psychosis” were investigated. Patients diagnosed with neurosis were more likely to
have higher education and employed than patients diagnosed with psychosis, have better
living conditions, and were more likely to seek treatment voluntarily. However, the possibility
of worsening symptoms in those patients who were diagnosed with neurosis should
not be ruled out, and exacerbations should be prevented.

Conclusion:

Awareness and conscious treatment of patients is important to improve their
symptoms and quality of life. Employment opportunities for patients with diagnoses
should be explored to improve their quality of life and possibly improve their symptoms.
Medical Records Data and In silico Analysis Provide New Insights About COVID-19 in Smokers
Authors: Dias Luzia Soares , Alencar Nylane Maria Nunes , Mesquita Felipe Pantoja , da Silva Brito Daiane Maria , Montenegro Raquel Carvalho , Ramos Marcio Viana , Souza Pedro Filho Noronha
Published: June 2024

Background:

Two independent sets of medical records, comprising 441 and 100 patients
(50 smokers and 50 non-smokers), respectively, clinically diagnosed with COVID-19, suggested
reduced death among smokers.

Methods:

Medical records from patients were examined to record the biochemical parameters available
and to perform comparisons between smokers and non-smokers. Bioinformatics was used to
predict epitopes of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMV-CP) to produce antibodies to SARSCoV-
2.

Results:

Data recorded in 441 medical records indicated no deaths among smoking patients. Death
was three times higher in non-smokers than smokers in the second group, comprising 50 smokers
and 50 non-smokers. However, biochemical parameters were similar among the groups. Bioinformatics
analysis predicted the presence of B-cell epitopes in TMV-CP, suggesting that the production
of anti-TMV-CP antibodies in smokers could occur, who, although developing severe forms of
COVID-19, had greater survival in the evaluated groups than did non-smokers.

Conclusion:

This prospective study suggested that smokers suffer severe effects of SARS-Cov-2
infection, associated with inadequate inflammatory reaction. On the other hand, the deaths of patients
in the two groups examined correlated negatively with smokers. Bioinformatics analysis permitted
the exploit an exciting hypothesis that anti-TMV-CP antibodies, potentially present in smokers,
might act as an immune agent against SARS-CoV-2 at earlier stages of infection. Although these
data are sketchy and should be taken carefully, due to the limited set of data, they are helpful for
future studies to assess COVID-19 in smokers.
The Dilemma of Corruption in a Decentralized System of Government
Authors:   Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java,  Indonesia, Hamidi Abdul Basir
Published: June 2024

While corruption may be found anywhere in the world, countries with weak institutions and unstable political environments tend to have more of it. Many countries, have embraced decentralization as a workable solution for tackling corruption. The purpose of this study is to provide insight on how decentralization affects Indonesia's corruption problem. The research is qualitative library research, which the data collected from various sources such as journals from Scopus and Google Scholar, media reports, government documents as well as books. The research indicates that local corruption has increased following decentralization, with local government officials, the private sector, and village heads being the most involved. The judiciary in Indonesia has a poor reputation due to low judicial standards, a dysfunctional criminal justice system, and lax enforcement, which have contributed to its poor reputation. By undertaking such research endeavors, the issues confronting corruption will be exposed, and the government of Indonesia will have a more comprehensive understanding of how to deal with corruption.
Initial analysis of profiles from Pseudovibrio denitrificans and Vibrio parahaemolyticus antagonism by LC-MS-based metabolomics
Authors: Palma Ricardo , Chalén Bolivar , G.S. Mogollón Noroska , Rodríguez Jenny , Quiroz-Moreno Cristian
Published: June 2024

Research on bioprospecting bioactive secondary metabolites from marine bacteria has rapidly expanded in the past few decades. The complexity of the environment in which bacterial communities live involves complex interactions with other communities competing for resources for survival. Previously, the ability of Pseudovibrio denitrificans has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth and virulence of different patho-gens such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The antagonism of these bacteria has been studied, considering the latter's importance in producing farmed shrimp. The molecules produced by P. denitrificans may be fun-damental for its antibacterial effect. In the present work, we examine LC/MS profiles of the interaction under two different circumstances: direct and delayed antagonism. The results show marked differences in the chemical composition between both interactions and the tentative identification of antibacterial and antibiofilm compounds. The observed profile could be part of P. denitrificans chemical arsenal to halt V. parahaemolyticus growing. The presented data is relevant to designing future studies on bacterial antago-nism with relevant implications for the aquaculture industry.
Keywords: vibriosis, probiotics, chemometrics, white shrimp.
Edible mushroom production in Ecuador: opportunities for biotechnological use of agricultural byproducts
Authors: Scalvenzi Laura , Chiriboga Ruilova Mayra Vanessa , Guardado Yordi Estela , Radice Matteo , Abreu Naranjo Renier , Pérez Maertínez Amaury
Published: June 2024

Recent studies estimate that there are between 1.5 and 5.1 million fungi species on Earth, and 150.000 of them
have been taxonomically classified. Approximately 2.000 are suitable for food and medicinal applications,
but only 35 are cultivated commercially. In Ecuador, 100.000 species are available, although only 5.000 have
been taxonomically characterized. Mycoculture is the production of fungi under controlled conditions. Edible
mushrooms are saprophytes, and they grow on decomposing organic substrates, mainly on lignocellulosic
agricultural by-products such as sawdust, straw, bran and bagasse. Mushroom cultivation turns waste into
resource, reducing pollution. Ecuador is an agriculture-based economy, and many lignocellulosic wastes are
produced from permanent crops such as cocoa, African palm, sugar cane and coconut. Ecuador's inhabitants
are looking for healthy and environmentally friendly products, leading to an increase in demand for locally
produced mushrooms, which show high nutritional values and medicinal properties. At the global level,
current studies show that edible mushroom production moves around 42 billion dollars annually, projected to
62 billion by 2023. China is the leading producer, with more than 7 million tons per year reported in 2016,
followed by the United States, Italy, France and Spain. The increasing rate of edible mushroom global
production stands at about 11%.
Keywords: fungi; waste; transformation; biotechnology; mycoprotein
In Silico Approaches to Polyherbal Synergy: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Chandhiruthil Sathyan Anjana , Yadav Pramod , Gupta Prashant , Mahapathra Arun Kumar , Galib Ruknuddin
Published: June 2024

Background

According to the World Health Organization, more than 80% of the world’s population relies on traditional medicine. Traditional medicine is typically based on the use of single herbal drugs or polyherbal formulations (PHFs) to manage diseases. However, the probable mode of action of these formulations is not well studied or documented. Over the past few decades, computational methods have been used to study the molecular mechanism of phytochemicals in single herbal drugs. However, the in silico methods applied to study PHFs remain unclear.

Objective

The aim of this protocol is to develop a search strategy for a scoping review to map the in silico approaches applied in understanding the activity of PHFs used as traditional medicines worldwide.

Methods

The scoping review will be conducted based on the methodology developed by Arksey and O’Malley and the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A set of predetermined keywords will be used to identify the relevant studies from five databases: PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers will conduct the search to yield a list of relevant studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mendeley version 1.19.8 will be used to remove duplicate citations, and title and abstract screening will be performed with Rayyan software. The JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment, and Review of Information tool will be used for data extraction. The scoping review will be reported based on the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines.

Results

Based on the core areas of the scoping review, a 3-step search strategy was developed. The initial search produced 3865 studies. After applying filters, 875 studies were short-listed for further review. Keywords were further refined to yield more relevant studies on the topic.

Conclusions

The findings are expected to determine the extent of the knowledge gap in the applications of computational methods in PHFs for any traditional medicine across the world. The study can provide answers to open research questions related to the phytochemical identification of PHFs, criteria for target identification, strategies applied for in silico studies, software used, and challenges in adopting in silico methods for understanding the mechanisms of action of PHFs. This study can thus provide a better understanding of the application and types of in silico methods for investigating PHFs.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/56646
Explainable AI Method for Tinnitus Diagnosis via Neighbor-Augmented Knowledge Graph and Traditional Chinese Medicine: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Yin Ziming , Kuang Zhongling , Zhang Haopeng , Guo Yu , Li Ting , Wu Zhengkun , Wang Lihua
Published: June 2024

Background

Tinnitus diagnosis poses a challenge in otolaryngology owing to an extremely complex pathogenesis, lack of effective objectification methods, and factor-affected diagnosis. There is currently a lack of explainable auxiliary diagnostic tools for tinnitus in clinical practice.

Objective

This study aims to develop a diagnostic model using an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) method to address the issue of low accuracy in tinnitus diagnosis.

Methods

In this study, a knowledge graph–based tinnitus diagnostic method was developed by combining clinical medical knowledge with electronic medical records. Electronic medical record data from 1267 patients were integrated with traditional Chinese clinical medical knowledge to construct a tinnitus knowledge graph. Subsequently, weights were introduced, which measured patient similarity in the knowledge graph based on mutual information values. Finally, a collaborative neighbor algorithm was proposed, which scored patient similarity to obtain the recommended diagnosis. We conducted 2 group experiments and 1 case derivation to explore the effectiveness of our models and compared the models with state-of-the-art graph algorithms and other explainable machine learning models.

Results

The experimental results indicate that the method achieved 99.4% accuracy, 98.5% sensitivity, 99.6% specificity, 98.7% precision, 98.6% F1-score, and 99% area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the inference of 5 tinnitus subtypes among 253 test patients. Additionally, it demonstrated good interpretability. The topological structure of knowledge graphs provides transparency that can explain the reasons for the similarity between patients.

Conclusions

This method provides doctors with a reliable and explainable diagnostic tool that is expected to improve tinnitus diagnosis accuracy.
From the Public Health Perspective: a Scalable Model for Improving Epidemiological Testing Efficacy in Low- and Middle-Income Areas (Preprint)
Authors: Huang Xuefeng , Kong Qian-Yi , Wan Xiaowen , Huang Yating , Wang Rongrong , Wang Xiaoxue , Li Yingying , Wu Yuqing , Guan Chongyuan , Wang Junyang , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: June 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

The globe is an organically linked whole, and in the pandemic era, COVID-19 has brought heavy public safety threats and economic costs to humanity as almost all countries began to pay more attention to taking steps to minimize the risk of harm to society from sudden-onset diseases. It is worth noting that in some low- and middle-income areas, where the environment for epidemic detection is complex, the causative and comorbid factors are numerous, and where public health resources are scarce. It is often more difficult than in other areas to obtain timely and effective detection and control in the event of widespread virus transmission, which, in turn, is a constant threat to local and global public health security. Pandemics are preventable through effective disease surveillance systems, with nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) as the mainstay of the control system, effectively controlling the spread of epidemics and preventing larger outbreaks. However, current state-of-the-art NPIs are not applicable in low- and middle-income areas and tend to be decentralized and costly. Based on a 3-year case study of SARS-CoV-2 preventive detection in low-income areas in south-central China, we explored a strategic model for enhancing disease detection efficacy in low- and middle-income areas. For the first time, we propose an integrated and comprehensive approach that covers structural, social, and personal strategies to optimize the epidemic surveillance system in low- and middle-income areas. This model can improve the local epidemic detection efficiency, ensure the health care needs of more people, reduce the public health costs in low- and middle-income areas in a coordinated manner, and ensure and strengthen local public health security sustainably.
In Silico Approaches to Polyherbal Synergy: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Chandhiruthil Sathyan Anjana , Yadav Pramod , Gupta Prashant , Mahapathra Arun Kumar , Galib Ruknuddin
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

According to the World Health Organization, more than 80% of the world’s population relies on traditional medicine. Traditional medicine is typically based on the use of single herbal drugs or polyherbal formulations (PHFs) to manage diseases. However, the probable mode of action of these formulations is not well studied or documented. Over the past few decades, computational methods have been used to study the molecular mechanism of phytochemicals in single herbal drugs. However, the in silico methods applied to study PHFs remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this protocol is to develop a search strategy for a scoping review to map the in silico approaches applied in understanding the activity of PHFs used as traditional medicines worldwide.

METHODS

The scoping review will be conducted based on the methodology developed by Arksey and O’Malley and the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A set of predetermined keywords will be used to identify the relevant studies from five databases: PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers will conduct the search to yield a list of relevant studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mendeley version 1.19.8 will be used to remove duplicate citations, and title and abstract screening will be performed with Rayyan software. The JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment, and Review of Information tool will be used for data extraction. The scoping review will be reported based on the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines.

RESULTS

Based on the core areas of the scoping review, a 3-step search strategy was developed. The initial search produced 3865 studies. After applying filters, 875 studies were short-listed for further review. Keywords were further refined to yield more relevant studies on the topic.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings are expected to determine the extent of the knowledge gap in the applications of computational methods in PHFs for any traditional medicine across the world. The study can provide answers to open research questions related to the phytochemical identification of PHFs, criteria for target identification, strategies applied for in silico studies, software used, and challenges in adopting in silico methods for understanding the mechanisms of action of PHFs. This study can thus provide a better understanding of the application and types of in silico methods for investigating PHFs.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/56646
A Pathological Diagnosis Method for FUO based on Multi-Path Hierarchical Classification: Model Design and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Du Jianchao , Ding Junyao , Wu Yuan , Chen Tianyan , Lian Jianqi , Shi Lei , Zhou Yun
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) is a significant challenge for the medical community due to its association with a wide range of diseases, the complexity of diagnosis, and the likelihood of misdiagnosis. Machine learning can extract valuable information from the extensive data of patient indicators, aiding doctors in diagnosing the underlying cause of FUO.

OBJECTIVE

A hierarchical classification method based on multipath feature selection was proposed to address the problem that the causes of FUO are diverse and difficult to diagnose accurately.

METHODS

The dataset was obtained from the clinical diagnostic records of patients with FUO who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between the years 2011 and 2020. The dataset contains 564 samples, with 5 broad categories of etiologies and subcategories, totaling 16 precise etiologies. An intelligent diagnostic algorithm for FUO was constructed based on hierarchical classification to identify 16 precise etiologies and two improvements were made: (1) A multi-path prediction model to minimize the probability of error propagation; (2) A utilization of L1,2 regularization constraint to effectively identify the most suitable subset of features to eliminate redundancy and interference in the hierarchical classification process. To confirm the proposed method's validity, we conducted ablation experiments and compared it with other flat and hierarchical classification algorithms.

RESULTS

According to the ablation experiments, the proposed method achieves the optimal result when the intermediate path is 3, with an accuracy of 72.35%, FH of 85.01%, and FLCA of 83.29%. This performance is superior to the traditional single-path hierarchical classification, showing improvements of 5.69%, 2.89%, and 3.39%, respectively. The feature selection based on the L1,2 regularization constraint can further enhance the model's performance. The best results were achieved by filtering 25% of the features, with an accuracy of 76.08%, FH of 86.72%, and FLCA of 85.39%. Based on the comparison experiments, the proposed method outperforms the seven flat algorithms and four hierarchical classification algorithms that were compared. For example, the accuracy can be improved by at least 5.39% compared to ELM and up to 24.7% compared to KNN.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed algorithm greatly improves the classification performance compared to existing machine learning algorithms. It can better predict the cause of FUO, assisting physicians in their work.

CLINICALTRIAL
Large Language Models (LLMs) vs. Specialist Doctors: A Comparative Study on Health Information in specific medical domains. (Preprint)
Authors: Yan Zelin , Liu Jingwen , Lu Shiyuan , Xu Dingting , Yang Yun , Wang Honggang , Mao Jie , Tseng Hou-Chiang , Chang Tao-Hsing , Chen Yan , Fan Yihong
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT show promise in providing specialized information, their quality require further evaluation, especially considering that these models are trained on internet text and the quality of health-related information available online varies widely.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in the context of patient education for individuals with chronic diseases, comparing it with that of industry experts to elucidate its strengths and limitations.

METHODS

This evaluation was conducted by analyzing the responses of ChatGPT and specialist doctors to questions posed by patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), comparing their performance in terms of subjective accuracy, empathy, completeness, and overall quality, as well as readability to support objective analysis.

RESULTS

In a series of 1578 binary choice assessments, ChatGPT was preferred in 48.4% (95% CI, 45.9%-50.9%) of instances. There were 12 instances where ChatGPT's responses were unanimously preferred by all evaluators, compared to 17 instances for specialist doctors. In terms of overall quality, there was no significant difference between the responses of ChatGPT (3.98; 95% CI, 3.93-4.02) and those of specialist doctors (3.95; 95% CI, 3.90-4.00) (t=0.95, p=0.34), both being considered "good". Although differences in accuracy (t=0.48, p=0.63) and empathy (t=2.19, p=0.03) lacked statistical significance, the completeness of textual output (t=9.27, p=0.00) was a distinct advantage of the Large Language Model (ChatGPT). In the sections of the question where patients and doctors responded together (Q223-Q242), ChatGPT demonstrated superior performance (p=0.006). Regarding readability, no statistical difference was found between the responses of specialist doctors (median: 7th grade, Q1: 4th grade; Q3: 8th grade) and those of ChatGPT (median: 7th grade, Q1: 7th grade; Q3: 8th grade) according to the Mann-Whitney U test (p=0.09). The overall quality of ChatGPT's output exhibited strong correlations with other sub-dimensions (with empathy: r=0.842; with accuracy: r=0.839; with completeness: r=0.795), and there was also a high correlation between the sub-dimensions of accuracy and completeness (r=0.762).

CONCLUSIONS

ChatGPT demonstrated more stable performance across various dimensions. Its output of health information content is more structurally sound, addressing the issue of variability in individual specialist doctors' information output. ChatGPT's performance highlights its potential as an auxiliary tool for health information, despite limitations such as AI hallucinations. It is recommended that patients be involved in the creation and evaluation of health information to enhance the quality and relevance of the information.
Impact of Light Volleyball Intervention Programme on Improving Physical Attributes of Older Adults in Hong Kong: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Leung Ka Man Carman , Shi Yuchen
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Physical inactivity, which increased older adults’ likelihood of getting chronic diseases, is prevalent in Hong Kong older adults which the HKSAR government has been proactively promoting active ageing to mitigate the issue.

OBJECTIVE

In accordance with the WHO's strategy to avert chronic diseases in older adults and to align with the global goal of active ageing, the study examined the impact of a 16-week light volleyball (LVB) intervention programme on the physical health amongst older adults in Hong Kong.

METHODS

A randomized controlled trial was used to study the impact of 16-week LVB intervention on the physical health of participants. A total of 276 participants aged 60 years old or above were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups: LVB intervention, active control (Taichi), and control group. The intervention program took place from early 2020 to mid 2022, with data collected at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up tests. Both LVB and TC group participants attended a 16-week training class with two 90-minute sessions per week following the pretest. Physical attributes of older adults, including lower body strength, upper body strength, lower body flexibility, upper body flexibility, agility and balance, and aerobic endurance were measured using 7 distinct tests.

RESULTS

Participants from LVB intervention demonstrated significant improvement in lower body strength h[F(2,272) = 7.23, p = .001, η2 = .05], agility [F(2,272) = 6.05, p = .003, η2 = .043] and dynamic balance [F(2,272) = 9.41, p = .001, η2 = .065] when compared to TC active control group and control group.

CONCLUSIONS

To promote active ageing amongst older adults in Hong Kong, the results of this preliminary study together with the upcoming follow-up tests will provide insight for health specialists and practitioners to choosing LVB community programme given its positive health effect in older adults.

CLINICALTRIAL

ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900026657. Registered 17 October 2019, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=44350
Metodología de análisis contextual para fortalecer la política pública pyme en el municipio de Nezahualcóyotl, Estado de México.
Authors: Villarruel Pantoja Hugo , Molina Morejón Víctor Manuel , Palos Cerda Gloria Cristina
Published: June 2024

La política pública al sector pyme en México pueden ser actualizados en cuanto a la problemática que atienden; eneste sentido la investigación ofrece un profundo análisis de las mejoras competitivas de las pymes metalmecánicasdel municipio de Nezahualcóyotl, en el Estado de México y su contexto, el resultado de la investigación tiene comometa presentar una metodología mixta para recopilar información real y actualizada sobre las problemáticas delsector, para logarlo es necesario cuestionar el uso exclusivamente cualitativo, que aunque son una base inicial, esimportante complementar con una metodología de acercamiento etnográfico como lo es el método Delphi; inclusivela investigación fortalece la discusión en beneficio del desempeño público a partir de las evidencias de este y deotros sectores de sociedad mexicana.
El Anclaje de la Transparencia en México: Un desafío para el Gobierno Abierto como Factor de Cambio
Authors: Álvarez Toledo Gilbet Leonardo
Published: June 2024

El Gobierno Abierto (GA) apunta hacia un nuevo modelo de gestión pública en el que los ciudadanos toman unrol protagónico en el rumbo de los asuntos públicos. A pesar de sus múltiples virtudes como factor analítico, supropuesta aún enfrenta diversos obstáculos para convertirse en un factor de cambio en los procesos de gobierno. Elpresente trabajo explora algunos motivos normativos e institucionales por los cuales los ejercicios de GA en Méxicosuelen limitarse al impulso del pilar de transparencia, dejando de lado la participación colaborativa y la innovación.Si bien la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas son la columna vertebral del GA, se argumenta que por sí solasresultan insuficientes para materializar al GA en la práctica.
Buenas prácticas para fomentar la interacción en las aulas universitarias
Authors: Álvarez-Álvarez Carmen , Sanchez-Ruiz Lidia
Published: June 2024

Promover la interacción del alumnado en las aulas universitarias es una preocupación frecuente del profesorado que precisa de más investigación. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar buenas prácticas que ayuden a fomentar la interacción en el aula. Para ello se realizó un estudio observacional en 90 clases de diferentes docentes de todas las áreas del conocimiento. Se identificaron 17 buenas prácticas, versátiles en cuanto a duración, tamaño del grupo y campo de aplicación, y se clasificaron en cuatro categorías. Todas las prácticas identificadas pueden ser inspiradoras para que el profesorado fomente la interacción en los diferentes campos del conocimiento de la docencia universitaria.
Balance de la inserción laboral de profesores egresados de escuelas normales, caso Veracruz
Authors: Ferra-Torres Gerson-Edgar , Edel-Navarro Rubén
Published: June 2024

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio evaluativo acerca del diseño y aplicación de un programa de seguimiento a egresados de las escuelas normales públicas del estado de Veracruz, México, con la participación de una muestra no probabilística de 348 egresados. Entre los principales resultados se identificó, un alto porcentaje de egresados que alcanzaron la idoneidad al ingresar al Servicio Profesional Docente, lo que significa que la formación profesional adquirida cumple con las expectativas del espacio laboral donde se desempeñan, así mismo, que el clima laboral en los centros de trabajos es mayormente satisfactorio en contraste con las condiciones de infraestructura, ubicación geográfica y particularmente de seguridad.
Trayectorias educativas de estudiantes en la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Argentina, entre 2018 y 2022
Authors: Elisondo Romina-Cecilia , Schlegel Daiana , Melgar María-Fernanda
Published: June 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es comprender las trayectorias educativas desde la perspectiva de un grupo de estudiantes que transitaron la universidad antes, durante y después de la pandemia. Trabajamos con 20 estudiantes de Psicopedagogía de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Empleamos entrevistas individuales y grupales, narrativas escritas y análisis de trabajos desarrollados en talleres. Los análisis reflejan variedad de aprendizajes construidos, valiosas experiencias compartidas y resaltan la importancia de las relaciones y las emociones en las trayectorias. Los relatos sobre los trayectos durante y después de la pandemia evidencian reconfiguraciones de tiempos, espacios y formas de ser estudiante en la universidad.
La evaluación curricular en el ámbito de las artes musicales. El caso de la Facultad de Música de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Authors: Zermeño-Barrón Gabriela-Priscila , Vargas-Cerón Fátima-Guadalupe
Published: June 2024

En las instituciones de educación superior, la evaluación curricular interna y externa constituye una tarea imprescindible para el seguimiento y cumplimiento de las funciones sustantivas de la universidad. Este trabajo describe una experiencia de evaluación curricular en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. En este ejercicio participó la comunidad docente y académico-administrativa de una entidad universitaria y desde el punto de vista de la investigación contribuyó a la formación de estudiantes de licenciatura. La vinculación interinstitucional fue la clave para la realización de esta práctica de evaluación curricular.
Entorno socioeconómico y resiliencia académica en la educación superior colombiana
Authors: Mendoza-Lozano Frederick-Andrés , Pico-Bonilla Claudia-Milena , Arias-Velandia Nicolás
Published: June 2024

La creación de condiciones para elevar el logro académico de los estudiantes en contextos de vulnerabilidad es un reto importante para países que, como Colombia, tienen disparidades que se profundizan en el sistema educativo. Este artículo estudia los determinantes contextuales que favorecen la resiliencia académica en la educación superior en Colombia. Para ello se estimaron los cambios en la probabilidad de resiliencia académica atribuidos a aspectos institucionales (programa académico, modalidad, naturaleza jurídica de la institución) y del hogar (nivel educativo del padre, área de residencia). Para evaluar la asociación entre las variables señaladas, se analizaron los datos correspondientes a los estudiantes de los grupos socioeconómicos más bajos que obtuvieron resultados en el percentil noventa en el puntaje global de la prueba Saber Pro. El trabajo concluye que aspectos institucionales como el campo de conocimiento del programa y la modalidad, y del hogar como la educación del padre y la conexión a internet elevan la probabilidad de resiliencia académica.
Tipologías en torno al profesorado universitario de tiempo parcial, ¿por qué son necesarias?
Authors: Martínez-Pardo José-Arturo
Published: June 2024

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el papel que tiene el diseño de tipologías en torno al grupo docente en educación superior, con énfasis en el profesorado de tiempo parcial. El documento se organiza en tres secciones: introducción, en la cual se establece como objeto de estudio al personal docente universitario; le sigue un desarrollo, que se conforma por dos secciones específicas: la justificación teórica de las tipologías (herramientas explicativas) en las ciencias sociales, donde se recuperan las distintas propuestas tipológicas del profesorado por horas mediante una revisión crítica de la literatura como estrategia metodológica; de forma paralela, se cuestiona la ausencia de evidencia de esta naturaleza para el caso de la Universidad de Guadalajara, para inmediatamente presentar una propuesta analítica, cuyo fin es incentivar futuras investigaciones sobre el tema. Por último, las conclusiones y reflexiones, apartado que se compone con las respuestas a las preguntas detalladas en la primera parte de este escrito.
З.ФРОЙДЫН ПСИХОАНАЛИЗ ДАХЬ УХАМСАРГҮЙ ХЭМЭЭХ ОЙЛГОЛТ
Authors: Р Дарьхүү , С Хишигтогтох
Published: June 2024

Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality argues that human behavior is the result of the interactions among three com- ponent parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego. This theory, known as Freud’s structural theory of personality, places great empha- sis on the role of unconscious psychological conflicts in shaping behavior and personality. People are in endless conflict. Sources of con- flict are linked to human mental unconscious. Our lives no managing by conscious, has ruled natural. Тhe unconscious spur impulse is ex- pressed that concept “Id” in psychoanalytic theory. “Id” is a human life in part always guide our actions and behavior in a variety but also affect a significant role in society and cultural world.
Nekrasov and Dickens: Posing the Problem
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Samorodnitskaya Ekaterina I.
Published: June 2024

This article studies the relation between the poetics of N. Nekrasov’s prose and the poetics of the early Victorian novel. More precisely, it compares N. Nekrasov’s prose and A. Panayeva’s novel “Three Countries of the World” (1849) with C. Dickens’ novels “Nicholas Nickleby” (1838–1839) and “Martin Chuzzlewit” (1843–1844). These works share motifs of an unhappy childhood and coming of age, the hero’s wanderings, an adventure plot, and a happy ending associated with the successful resolution of a love conflict. Dickens shows that it is possible to tell a fascinating story without forgetting about acute social issues. Besides analysing specific elements of similarity, it is productive to consider the reception of Dickens in a typological aspect as part of the Russian reception of the Victorian novel. The latter demonstrates the following distinctive features: a focus on the action (plot); the subordination of social issues to action; the motif of an unhappy childhood; a marriage plot; and a happy ending. It is shown that Nekrasov is less interested in specific novels than in the emerging genre itself, which generally stands apart from the main Russian realistic trend yet is nevertheless attractive to readers.
Reception of the Novel “Taras Bulba” in International Literary Studies
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Marichik-Sioli Youlia A.
Published: June 2024

This article recounts the brief history of the interpretation and reception of the novel “Taras Bulba” by European and American literary critics and historians in the 19th and 20th centuries. Special attention is paid to the first translation of the novel into French in 1845. In the second half of the 19th century, the novel was perceived both in France and England as a talented imitation of the Western literary classics (Homer, Rabelais, Hofmann, Balzac, Scott...). On the other hand, the writer’s name immediately became associated with a unique writing style and the creation of a picturesque and legendary image of the Cossacks. In the 20th century, at least two major historical and cultural approaches emerged to the study of the writer’s work — psychoanalysis and the national question. Since the late 1950s, following the work of H. McLean, many international scholars have analysed hidden erotic motifs both in the writer’s work in general and in the novel “Taras Bulba” in particular. Since the late 1960s, a major approach to the study of Gogol’s literary heritage, which still remains relevant today, is the consideration of the writer’s national identity and his affiliation with Russian and/or Ukrainian culture, history and literature. Today, Gogol’s multiple, hybrid, and fragmented identity is variously evaluated by researchers depending on their viewpoint and position.
Pushkin as a Reader of the Poem “The Artist and the Village Woman” by the “Glorious Goethe”
Authors:   State Museum of A.S. Pushkin, Mikhailova Natalia I.
Published: June 2024

This article identifies one of the possible sources of A. Pushkin’s poem “When I wander along the noisy streets…” by tracing motifs and images that echo those of Goethe’s poem “The Wanderer”. Pushkin’s anonymous prose translation of the latter poem entitled “The Artist and the Village Woman” was published in Issue 13 of “Bulletin of Europe” in 1814. The magazine’s publisher V. Izmailov placed A. Pushkin’s poem “To a Poet Friend” after Goethe’s work. Pushkin may have also been acquainted with the poetic translation of Goethe’s poem made by V. Zhukovsky in 1819 and published under the title “The Traveler and the Villager” in the magazine “Son of the Fatherland” in 1823. In 1824, the translation was included in the third edition of “The Poems of Vasily Zhukovsky”, which Pushkin received in Odessa in 1824. This article publishes for the first time the text of a contract between the head of the Printing House of Moscow University M. Nevzorov (which published the “Bulletin of Europe”) and V. Izmailov, which is kept at the Central State Historical Archive of Moscow. This contract shows that it was V. Izmailov who placed Pushkin’s poem by “To a Poet Friend” after the translation of the work of the “glorious Goethe”. Thus, young Pushkin began his journey in poetry under the wing of the great Goethe.
Unforgettable Meetings
Authors:   Kemerovo State Institute of Culture, Khodanen Lyudmila A.
Published: June 2024

The Kemerovo literary critic L. Khodanen recalls her meetings over the years with Y. Mann and speaks about different aspects of his scholarly work and pedagogical activity. Khodanen first met Mann in the 1970s while she was a graduate student at the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute. Mann consulted her on the works of V. Odoyevsky, helping her to successfully defend her PhD thesis, at which he served as an official opponent. The author also writes about Mann’s exceptional research skills, including his deep and multifaceted consideration of problems from philosophical, aesthetic, and literary perspectives, his detailed study of problem history, his knowledge of the broad historical and literary context, his lucid and careful argumentation, and the rigor of his conclusions. Mann’s outstanding abilities as a mentor and lecturer who taught at Moscow State University and Russian State Humanities University are also described. The author recreates the image of a brilliant scholar who shed new light on N. Gogol’s creativity and a deeply ethical, intelligent and friendly person who willingly shared his discoveries with the academic community.
“Hugely Rushing Life”: About the Happy Gifts of Yuri Mann
Authors: Glushakov Pavel S.
Published: June 2024

The author describes his meetings with Y. Mann, with whom he was fortunate to work closely on many publishing projects over six years. The title of this brief story of academic and human cooperation is taken from Gogol.