bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Sources and Rates Affect Soybean Seed Composition in Mississippi
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Serson William , Orlowski John , McCoy Justin , Golden Bobby , Bellaloui Nacer
Published: November 2017

Soybean (Glycine max L.) seed is a major source of protein, oil, carbohydrates and other nutrients that are important for human and animal nutrition. Producers have considered applying nitrogen (N) fertilizer to soybean crop to maximize seed yield; however, its effect on seed composition is not well understood. The objective of this two-year (2015 and 2016) study was to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer sources and application rates (45, 90, 135 and 179 kg N ha−1) on soybean seed composition on two soil textures (clay and silt-loam) in Mississippi. The three fertilizer sources included in this study were urea with N-(n butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (Urea+NBPT), polymer-coated urea (PCU), and ammonium sulfate (AMS). Nitrogen application at 179 kg ha−1 on clay soil reduced seed protein by 1.05% compared to unfertilized soybeans in 2016. However, N application at 179 kg ha−1 increased oil content by 0.7% on clay soil compared to the unfertilized soybeans only in 2016. Nitrogen applications reduced stachyose content on both soil textures in 2015. The fatty acids showed variable response to N applications. Since, seed quality is not a trait from which growers receive an economic incentive, they are unlikely to adopt this practice for standard soybean production.
A Comparison between Horizontal and Vertical Interchannel Decorrelation
Authors: Gribben Christopher , Lee Hyunkook
Published: November 2017

The perceptual effects of interchannel decorrelation on perceived image spread have been investigated subjectively in both horizontal and vertical stereophonic reproductions, looking specifically at the frequency dependency of decorrelation. Fourteen and thirteen subjects graded the horizontal and vertical image spreads of a pink noise sample, respectively. The pink noise signal had been decorrelated by a complementary comb-filter decorrelation algorithm, varying the frequency-band, time-delay and decorrelation factor for each sample. Results generally indicated that interchannel decorrelation had a significant effect on auditory image spread both horizontally and vertically, with spread increasing as correlation decreases. However, it was found that the effect of vertical decorrelation was less effective than that of horizontal decorrelation. The results also suggest that the decorrelation effect was frequency-dependent; changes in horizontal image spread were more apparent in the high frequency band, whereas those in vertical image spread were in the low band. Furthermore, objective analysis suggests that the perception of vertical image spread for the low and middle frequency bands could be associated with a floor reflection; whereas for the high band, the results appear to be related to spectral notches in the ear input signals.
Geo-Environmental Estimation of Land Use Changes and Its Effects on Egyptian Temples at Luxor City
Authors: Elfadaly Abdelaziz , Wafa Osama , Abouarab Mohamed , Guida Antonella , Spanu Pier , Lasaponara Rosa
Published: November 2017

Over the years, the Egyptian temples at Luxor city have been intensely investigated, but most of these studies just focused on the classical sides of the archaeological and historical descriptions. Many of the environmental problems are the inevitable results of the unplanned urban crawling around the monuments temples. This paper aims at assessing the environmental changes around some temples of Luxor City using remote sensing and GIS techniques. In particular, a historical database made up of Corona and Landsat TM data have been investigated along with the new acquisitions of Quickbird 2 and Sentinel 2. Results from our investigation highlighted rapid changes in urban and agricultural areas, which adversely affected the Egyptian monumental temples causing serious degradation phenomena. Using the information obtained from our RS&GIS based analysis, mitigation strategies have been also identified for supporting the preservation of the archaeological area.
Dynamic Docking: A Paradigm Shift in Computational Drug Discovery
Authors: Gioia Dario , Bertazzo Martina , Recanatini Maurizio , Masetti Matteo , Cavalli Andrea
Published: November 2017

Molecular docking is the methodology of choice for studying in silico protein-ligand binding and for prioritizing compounds to discover new lead candidates. Traditional docking simulations suffer from major limitations, mostly related to the static or semi-flexible treatment of ligands and targets. They also neglect solvation and entropic effects, which strongly limits their predictive power. During the last decade, methods based on full atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) have emerged as a valid alternative for simulating macromolecular complexes. In principle, compared to traditional docking, MD allows the full exploration of drug-target recognition and binding from both the mechanistic and energetic points of view (dynamic docking). Binding and unbinding kinetic constants can also be determined. While dynamic docking is still too computationally expensive to be routinely used in fast-paced drug discovery programs, the advent of faster computing architectures and advanced simulation methodologies are changing this scenario. It is feasible that dynamic docking will replace static docking approaches in the near future, leading to a major paradigm shift in in silico drug discovery. Against this background, we review the key achievements that have paved the way for this progress.
New Metabolites of Coumarin Detected in Human Urine Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Leonart Letícia , Gasparetto João , Pontes Flávia , Cerqueira Letícia , De Francisco Thais , Pontarolo Roberto
Published: November 2017

Coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) is a natural compound whose metabolism in humans was established in the 1970s. However, a new metabolite was recently identified in human plasma, indicating that the metabolism of coumarin has not been completely elucidated. To complement the knowledge of its metabolism, a rapid and sensitive method using UPLC-QTOF-MS was developed. A total of 12 metabolites was identified using MetaboLynxTM software, including eight metabolites not previously reported in human urine. The identified biotransformation included hydroxylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, and conjugation with N-acetylcysteine. The present work demonstrates that the metabolism study of coumarin was incomplete, possibly due to limitations of old techniques. The identification of eight inedited metabolites of such a simple molecule suggests that the information regarding the metabolism of other drugs may also be incomplete, and therefore, new investigations are necessary.
A New Synthetic Route to Polyhydrogenated Pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrroles by the Domino Reaction of 3-Bromopyrrole-2,5-Diones with Aminocrotonic Acid Esters
Authors: Shikhaliev Khidmet , Sabynin Artem , Sekirin Valeri , Krysin Michael , Zubkov Fedor , Yankina Kristina
Published: November 2017

A new synthetic approach to polyfunctional hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrroles was developed based on cyclization of N-arylbromomaleimides with aminocrotonic acid esters. A highly chemo- and stereoselective reaction is a Hantzsch-type domino process, involving the steps of initial nucleophilic C-addition or substitution and subsequent intramolecular nucleophilic addition without recyclyzation of imide cycle.
Direct Modification of Microcrystalline Cellulose with Ethylenediamine for Use as Adsorbent for Removal Amitriptyline Drug from Environment
Authors: D. S. Bezerra Roosevelt , C. Leal Régis , S. da Silva Mateus , I. S. Morais Alan , H. C. Marques Thiago , A. Osajima Josy , B. Meneguin Andréia , Da S. Barud Hernane , C. da Silva Filho Edson
Published: November 2017

Cellulose derivatives have been widely used as adsorbents for the removal of micropollutants such as drugs, dyes, and metals, due to their abundance, low cost and non-contaminating nature. In this context, several studies have been performed searching for new adsorbents (cellulose derivatives) efficient at contaminant removal from aqueous solutions. Thus, a new adsorbent was synthesized by chemical modification of cellulose with ethylenediamine in the absence of solvent and applied to the adsorption of amitriptyline (AMI) in aqueous solution. The modification reaction was confirmed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetry/Differential Scanning Calorimeter (TG/DSC), solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 1H and 13C (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). Moreover, the effectiveness of reaction was confirmed by computational calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at level B3LYP/6-31G(d). This adsorption process was influenced by pH, time, concentration, temperature and did not show significant changes due to the ionic strength variation. Through these experiments, it was observed that the maximum adsorption capacity of AMI by CN polymer at 298 K, 300 min, and pH 7 was 87.66 ± 0.60 mg·g−1.
Contrasting the Effect of Risk- and Non Risk-Based Capital Structure on Insurers’ Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Akpan Sunday S. , Mahat Fauziah , Noordin Bany-Ariffin , Nassir Annuar
Published: November 2017

Literature on capital-based regulation and performance of insurers in emerging market is not only limited; it is incomplete, particularly on a comparative basis. This has continuously attracts researchers’ interest and concerns for practitioners and policy makers. This paper therefore examines the effect of capital structure on performance of insurers comparatively before and after the implementation of risk-based capital (RBC) policy in Nigeria to determine which policy regime enables insurers to perform better. Descriptive statistics are employed to describe the characteristics of the data while the hypotheses are tested using two-stage estimation procedure of fixed and random effect models. Results reveal that insurance capital structure (measured by technical provision ratio) has a significant positive effect on insurance performance (measured by earnings per share and return on asset) during non-RBC regime when compared to RBC regime. Based on these findings, it is concluded that insurers in Nigeria performed better under non-RBC than RBC era. This finding provides important insight to managers, regulators and investors by fostering more understanding of how to manipulate and regulate insurance capital for performance optimization under RBC scenarios.
Modern Christian Landscape in Nanjing, China: A Literature Review
Authors: Fang Cheng , Yang Bo
Published: November 2017

Between the First Opium War in 1840 and the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the development of modern Christianity in Nanjing expanded beyond the parameters of faith and spirituality, while interacting closely with Nanjing’s city life and space across a wider spectrum, such that a unique religious and cultural landscape was produced. Through an extensive literature review of 115 articles identified on this topic, this paper analyzes the development of the space of Christian churches in Nanjing, and further documents the pattern of interactions between Nanjing’s development as a modern city and its religious cultural landscape. Moreover, drawing from the theoretical perspective of Sense of Place, the paper summarizes the characteristics of religious cultural landscape in the aspects of vision and structure, function and modernization, and memory and identity, and points out that the Christian landscape should also be conducted from the activation of material form, local functions and historical meanings to achieve sustainable development of Christian landscape. Finally, the paper offers planning and design strategies for the continued growth of Christian landscape in Nanjing.
Feasibility of Urgent-Start Peritoneal Dialysis in Older Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Jin Haijiao , Ni Zhaohui , Mou Shan , Lu Renhua , Fang Wei , Huang Jiaying , Hu Chunhua , Zhang Haifen , Yan Hao , Li Zhenyuan , Yu Zanzhe
Published: November 2017

Background

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) frequently require urgent-start dialysis. Recent evidence suggests that peritoneal dialysis (PD) might be a feasible alternative to hemodialysis (HD) in these patients, including in older patients.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled patients aged > 65 years with ESRD who underwent urgent dialysis without functional vascular access or PD catheter at a single center, from January 2011 to December 2014. Patients were grouped based on their dialysis modality (PD or HD). Patients unable to tolerate PD catheter insertion or wait for PD were excluded. Each patient was followed for at least 30 days after catheter insertion. Short-term (30-day) dialysis-related complications and patient survival were compared between the 2 groups.

Results

A total of 94 patients were enrolled, including 53 (56.4%) who underwent PD. The incidence of dialysis-related complications during the first 30 days was significantly lower in PD compared with HD patients (3 [5.7%] vs 10 [24.4%], p = 0.009). Logistic regression identified urgent-start HD as an independent risk factor for dialysis-related complications compared with urgent-start PD (odds ratio 4.760 [1.183 – 19.147], p = 0.028). The 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-month survival rates in the PD and HD groups were 92.3% vs 94.6%, 82.4% vs 81.3%, 75.7% vs 74.2%, and 69.5% vs 60.6%, respectively, with no significant differences between the groups (log-rank = 0.011, p = 0.915).

Conclusion

Urgent-start PD was associated with fewer short-term dialysis-related complications and similar survival to urgent-start HD in older patients with ESRD. Peritoneal dialysis may thus be a safe and effective dialysis modality for older ESRD patients requiring urgent dialysis.
What Are The Benefits In The Association Of SGLT2 Inhibitors And Other Drugs?
Authors: Rodrigues Deici Aparecida Gomes , Alves Isabela Macêdo , Pinheiro Isabelly De Oliveira , Valões Élida Camilla Nunes , Lisboa Erich Pires
Published: November 2017

The SGLT2 inhibitors are a class of drugs that blocks the sodium-glucose co-transport, which is responsible for 90% of the nephron glucose. Objective: To show the benefits of the SGLT2 inhibitors in monotherapy and in association with other drugs. Results: The association of SGLT2 inhibitors and other drugs has shown several additional benefits after their interaction, including weight loss, reduction of body fat, reduction of triglycerides level, decrease of glycated hemoglobin, decrease in postprandial glucose level, reduction of arterial pressure, decrease of hypoglycemia risk and improvement of glucose metabolism. Therefore, this is a promising interaction for type 2 diabetes.
OGLE-2016-BLG-0693LB: Probing the Brown Dwarf Desert with Microlensing
Authors: Ryu Y.-H. , Udalski A. , Yee J. C. , Albrow M. D. , Chung S.-J. , Gould A. , Han C. , Hwang K.-H. , Jung Y. K. , Shin I.-G. , Zhu W. , Cha S.-M. , Kim D.-J. , Kim H.-W. , Kim S.-L. , Lee C.-U. , Lee Y. , Park B.-G. , Pogge R. W. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Pietrukowicz P. , Kozłowski S. , Poleski R. , Skowron J. , Mróz P. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Pawlak M. , Ulaczyk K. ,   (The OGLE Collaboration)
Published: November 2017

We present an analysis of microlensing event OGLE-2016-BLG-0693, based on the survey-only microlensing observations by the OGLE and KMTNet groups. In order to analyze the light curve, we consider the effects of parallax, orbital motion, and baseline slope, and also refine the result using a Galactic model prior. From the microlensing analysis, we find that the event is a binary composed of a low-mass brown dwarf (

) companion and a K- or G-dwarf host, which lies at a distance of 5.0 ± 0.6 kpc toward the Galactic bulge. The projected separation between the brown dwarf and its host star is less than ∼5 au, thus it is likely that the brown dwarf companion is located in the brown dwarf desert.
Observations of the Hydroxyl Radical in C/2013 US10 (Catalina) at 18 cm Wavelength
Authors: Wang Zhen , Chen Xi , Gao Feng , Zhang Shaobo , Zheng Xing-Wu , Ip Wing-Huen , Wang Na , Liu Xiang , Zuo Xiu-Ting , Gou Wei , Chang Sheng-Qi
Published: November 2017

The hydroxyl (OH) radical produced by photodissociation of water molecule is one of the most important indicators for cometary outgassing activity. The absorption lines of the OH radical at 1665 and 1667 MHz in the coma of comet C/2013 US10 Catalina were detected between 2015 December 3 and 5 by the Tian Ma Radio Telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. The source flux intensity was derived to be about −209 mJy km s−1 and −86 mJy km s−1 at 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz, respectively. The corresponding gas production rate was estimated to be (8.78 ± 1.47) × 1028 H2O s−1 and (5.94 ± 1.27) × 1028 H2O s−1, accordingly.
Observing the Atmospheres of Known Temperate Earth-sized Planets with JWST
Authors: Morley Caroline V. , Kreidberg Laura , Rustamkulov Zafar , Robinson Tyler , Fortney Jonathan J.
Published: November 2017

Nine transiting Earth-sized planets have recently been discovered around nearby late-M dwarfs, including the TRAPPIST-1 planets and two planets discovered by the MEarth survey, GJ 1132b and LHS 1140b. These planets are the smallest known planets that may have atmospheres amenable to detection with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We present model thermal emission and transmission spectra for each planet, varying composition and surface pressure of the atmosphere. We base elemental compositions on those of Earth, Titan, and Venus and calculate the molecular compositions assuming chemical equilibrium, which can strongly depend on temperature. Both thermal emission and transmission spectra are sensitive to the atmospheric composition; thermal emission spectra are sensitive to surface pressure and temperature. We predict the observability of each planet’s atmosphere with JWST. GJ 1132b and TRAPPIST-1b are excellent targets for emission spectroscopy with JWST/MIRI, requiring fewer than 10 eclipse observations. Emission photometry for TRAPPIST-1c requires 5–15 eclipses; LHS 1140b and TRAPPIST-1d, TRAPPIST-1e, and TRAPPIST-1f, which could possibly have surface liquid water, may be accessible with photometry. Seven of the nine planets are strong candidates for transmission spectroscopy measurements with JWST, although the number of transits required depends strongly on the planets’ actual masses. Using the measured masses, fewer than 20 transits are required for a 5σ detection of spectral features for GJ 1132b and six of the TRAPPIST-1 planets. Dedicated campaigns to measure the atmospheres of these nine planets will allow us, for the first time, to probe formation and evolution processes of terrestrial planetary atmospheres beyond our solar system.
A Study of GRBs with Low-luminosity Afterglows
Authors: Dereli H. , Boër M. , Gendre B. , Amati L. , Dichiara S. , Orange N. B.
Published: November 2017

We present a sample composed of the 41 faintest X-ray afterglows of the population of long gamma-ray bursts (lGRBs) with known redshift. We study their intrinsic properties (spectral index, decay index, distance, luminosity, isotropic radiated energy, and peak energy) and their luminosity distribution functions to assess whether they belong to the same population as the brighter afterglow events. We find that these events belong to a population of nearby ones, different from the general population of lGRBs. In addition, these events are faint during their prompt phase, and include the few possible outliers of the Amati relation.
Stochastic Electron Acceleration by the Whistler Instability in a Growing Magnetic Field
Authors: Riquelme Mario , Osorio Alvaro , Quataert Eliot
Published: November 2017

We use 2D particle-in-cell simulations to study the effect of the saturated whistler instability on the viscous heating and nonthermal acceleration of electrons in a shearing, collisionless plasma with a growing magnetic field,

. In this setup, an electron pressure anisotropy with

naturally arises due to the adiabatic invariance of the electron magnetic moment (

and

are the pressures parallel and perpendicular to

). If the anisotropy is large enough, then the whistler instability arises, efficiently scattering the electrons and limiting

(

). In this context,

taps into the plasma velocity shear, producing electron heating by the so-called anisotropic viscosity. In our simulations, we permanently drive the growth of

by externally imposing a plasma shear, allowing us to self-consistently capture the long-term, saturated whistler instability evolution. We find that besides the viscous heating, the scattering by whistler modes can stochastically accelerate electrons to nonthermal energies. This acceleration is most prominent when initially

, gradually decreasing its efficiency for larger values of

(

). If initially

, then the final electron energy distribution can be approximately described by a thermal component, plus a power-law tail with a spectral index of ∼3.7. In these cases, the nonthermal tail accounts for

of the electrons and for

of their kinetic energy. We discuss the implications of our results for electron heating and acceleration in low-collisionality astrophysical environments, such as low-luminosity accretion flows.
The Impact of Star Formation Histories on Stellar Mass Estimation: Implications from the Local Group Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Zhang Hong-Xin , Puzia Thomas H. , Weisz Daniel R.
Published: November 2017

Building on the relatively accurate star formation histories (SFHs) and metallicity evolution of 40 Local Group (LG) dwarf galaxies derived from resolved color–magnitude diagram modeling, we carried out a comprehensive study of the influence of SFHs, metallicity evolution, and dust extinction on the UV-to-near-IR color–mass-to-light ratio (color–

(λ)) distributions and M
⋆ estimation of local universe galaxies. We find that (1) the LG galaxies follow color–

(λ) relations that fall in between the ones calibrated by previous studies; (2) optical color–

(λ) relations at higher [M/H] are generally broader and steeper; (3) the SFH “concentration” does not significantly affect the color–

(λ) relations; (4) light-weighted ages

 and metallicities

 together constrain

(λ) with uncertainties ranging from ≲0.1 dex for the near-IR up to 0.2 dex for the optical passbands; (5) metallicity evolution induces significant uncertainties to the optical but not near-IR

(λ) at a given

 and

; (6) the V band is the ideal luminance passband for estimating

(λ) from single colors, because the combinations of

(V) and optical colors such as B − V and g − r exhibit the weakest systematic dependences on SFHs, metallicities, and dust extinction; and (7) without any prior assumption on SFHs, M
⋆ is constrained with biases ≲0.3 dex by the optical-to-near-IR SED fitting. Optical passbands alone constrain M
⋆ with biases ≲0.4 dex (or ≲0.6 dex) when dust extinction is fixed (or variable) in SED fitting. SED fitting with monometallic SFH models tends to underestimate M
⋆ of real galaxies. M
⋆ tends to be overestimated (or underestimated) at the youngest (or oldest)

.
Surveys of Forest Birds on Puerto Rico, 2015
Authors: Lloyd John , Rimmer Christopher
Published: November 2017

The island of Puerto Rico supports a diverse assemblage of breeding birds, including 16 endemic species (Raffaele et al. 1998), and provides critical wintering habitat for many North American migratory birds (Wunderle and Waide 1994). Despite being a hotspot of avian biodiversity, spatially extensive data on the distribution and abundance of birds on the island are scarce. Breeding-bird assemblages were sampled by the North American Breeding Bird Survey from 1997–2007 (Sauer et al. 2013), but comparable primary data are not available for bird assemblages present during the boreal winter.

We provide data from one of the few spatially extensive surveys of forest birds on Puerto Rico. We sampled 211 locations in forests across the island during January–March 2015 using repeated point-count surveys. These data are suitable for use in estimating abundance, occupancy, and distribution of forest birds on Puerto Rico during the winter.
20th century Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii tree- and forest lines in Norway
Authors: Bryn Anders , Potthoff Kerstin
Published: November 2017

Georeferenced tree- and forest line data has a wide range of applications and are increasingly used for e.g. monitoring of climate change impacts and range shift modelling. As part of a research project, registrations of previously re-mapped tree- and forest lines have been georeferenced. The data described in this paper contains 100 re-mapped registrations of Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii throughout Norway. All of the re-mapped tree- and forest line localities are georeferenced, elevation and aspect are given, elevational and spatial uncertainty are provided, and the re-mapping methods are explained. The published data weremapped for the first time between 1819 and 1963. The same sites were re-mapped between 1928 and 1996, but have until now been missing spatial coordinates. The entries contain 40 x 2 tree lines and 60 x 2 forest lines, most likely presenting the regionally highest registered tree- and forest lines at the given time. The entire material is stored and available for download through the GBIF server.

Previously, the entries have been published in journals or reports, partly in Norwegian or German only. Without the provision of the spatial coordinates, the specific locations have been unknown. The material is now available for modelling and monitoring of tree- and forest line range shifts: The recordings are useful for interpretation of climate change impacts on tree- and forest lines, and the locations of re-mapped tree- and forest lines can be implemented in future monitoring projects. Since the recordings most likely provide the highest registered Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii locations within their specific regions, they are probably representing the contemporary physiognomic range limits.
Psycholinguistique vs psychologie cognitive du langage : une simple variante terminologique ?
Authors: François Jacques , Cordier Françoise
Published: November 2017

Résumé La psycholinguistique a vu le jour au début des années 50 aux États-Unis et se distinguait clairement à l’origine de la psychologie du langage par le poids de la perspective communicationnelle puis de l’hypothèse de pertinence psychologique des règles de transformation de la grammaire générative. Cependant progressivement ces orientations se sont estompées et la psycholinguistique a peu à peu investi toutes les branches de la psychologie du langage, de sorte qu’on peut actuellement considérer que ce ne sont plus que deux variantes terminologiques. L’étude de cette variation est menée à partir des index thématiques de quatre manuels intitulés soit « psycholinguistique » soit « psychologie du langage ».
La terminologie du figement : approche contrastive (français-arabe)
Authors: Mejri Salah
Published: November 2017

Résumé Nous avons choisi le figement comme domaine pour traiter de la problématique de la terminologie linguistique d’un point de vue contrastif français-arabe, parce qu’il s’agit d’un lieu idéal pour l’observation de la profusion, du flottement et de l’instabilité terminologiques. Le passage d’une langue à une autre permet de montrer que l’enjeu terminologique est loin de se réduire à un simple phénomène d’étiquetage. Il implique plusieurs dimensions conceptuelles dans lesquelles il y a lieu de distinguer l’idiomatique du général.
La métalangue de la stylistique : le cas du Coran
Authors: Jatlaoui Hedi
Published: November 2017

Résumé Cette étude propose une réflexion sur la manière dont la langue arabe met en place la métalangue qu’exigent la création et l’évolution du savoir. Nous avons choisi ici l’exemple du Coran, dont la démarche métalinguistique nous a semblé pertinente à plus d’un titre. En effet, le Coran, en se présentant comme un produit textuel hors norme, a dû, pour se démarquer des genres d’écriture de l’époque, et de la poésie en particulier, employer de nouvelles appellations pour désigner les éléments qui forment sa structure, les fondements qui constituent sa législation et le comportement qui qualifie les différents protagonistes sur le terrain religieux. Le Coran adopte une stratégie qui lui est spécifique et que l’on peut considérer comme un trait stylistique révélateur de ses dimensions créative et interprétative.
Toutefois et néanmoins , une synonymie partielle
Authors: Lenepveu Véronique
Published: November 2017

Résumé Il s’agit de traiter du fonctionnement pragmatique des adverbes toutefois et néanmoins pris dans le système adverbial concessif en français moderne. Si on étudie leurs contextes privilégiés respectifs, on observe que les deux adverbes ne construisent pas le même type d’opposition : alors que toutefois signale une invalidation partielle de ce qui vient d’être dit, néanmoins marque simplement le caractère non exclusif de l’opposition.
Détachement et connexité
Authors: Neveu Franck
Published: November 2017

Résumé Cet article aborde le problème de la place et de la position de certains constituants de l’énoncé (en particulier, les caractérisants détachés en position frontale), et, en s’appuyant sur la notion de connexité, il essaie de montrer la relation qui peut être établie entre le fonctionnement de ces segments et certains aspects de la problématique des connecteurs.
De la lexicologie textuelle multilingue outillée à la lexicographie numérique
Authors: Daube Jean-Michel
Published: November 2017

Résumé Cette contribution cherche à évaluer dans quelle mesure les corpus parallèles peuvent aider à la production lexicographique multilingue. Considérés comme de simples « réservoirs de mots », les corpus parallèles présentent peu d’utilité, et ce d’autant moins que les traductions de qualité font souvent défaut. Pour pallier ces lacunes, il faut avoir recours à d’autres ressources, corpus comparables et corpus de référence en particulier. Même lorsque les ressources textuelles permettent d’établir une nomenclature bilingue de qualité, les données lexicographiques sont difficilement utilisables, sauf à les rapprocher de conditions d’usage spécifiques. La lexicographie multilingue doit dès lors évoluer pour rendre compte de tels usages.
Pressure-Driven Gas Flow through Nano-Channels at High Knudsen Numbers
Authors: Karakitsiou Stamatina , Holst Bodil , Hoffmann Alex Christian
Published: November 2017

Flow through nano-channels is important in several fields, ranging from natural porous media to microfluidics. It is therefore important to study the flow under controlled conditions. While quite a lot of work has been done on the flow of liquids through nano-channels, comparatively little systematic work has been done on gas flow. Here we present a study of the flow of argon through nano-channels. We study samples with 2000 parallel nano-channels, with quadratic cross section. Each side is 100nm. The total length is 20 m. The nano-channels are made by patterning a Si<110> wafer usingelectron beam lithography (EBL) followed by reactive ion etching and with subsequent anodic bonding between silicon and a borosilicate glass as a top plate. The samples were investigated using a home-built apparatus which allows us to measure flow at high Knudsen numbers (from around 10 to 550). We compare our results with a range of theoretical flow models. As innovation this work provides measurements of gas transport from the home-built apparatus. The system records the pressure profile of each sample and the mass flow rate is calculated numerically from the pressure data.
Rod-Like Rutile Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Structure and Morphology
Authors: Kotsyubynsky Volodymyr , Myronyuk Ivan , Chelyadyn Volodymyr , Hrubiak Andrii , Moklyak Volodymyr , Fedorchenko Sofia
Published: November 2017

Nanodispersed rutile with rod-like particles is synthesized by hydrolysis of TiCl4 in hydrochloric acid - ethanol alcohol aqueous solution. It is found that the specific surface area, crystallite size and degree of agglomeration are determined by molar ratio of ethanol in reaction medium. According to HR-TEM images and XRD data rutile crystallites are preferred oriented along the [001] axis. The analysis of the Raman spectra for samples with different morphology is performed. The model of rutile nanorods nucleation and growth is proposed.
Specific Reference Intervals of Serum Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, and Thyroid-stimulating Hormone in Normal Pregnant Indian Women as per Trimester
Authors: Hazra Nandita , Mitra Binay , Pal Reetika
Published: November 2017

Aim

Maternal thyroid hormone level during pregnancy is a vital parameter for the health of mother as well as developing child. Fetal growth is affected by maternal thyroid levels. Various physiological changes like alterations of thyroxine binding globulins (TBGs), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) level, and change of iodide metabolism affect maternal thyroid hormone levels. Therefore, reference intervals (RI) for thyroid hormones in pregnant population require to be established separately from general population.

Materials and methods

The RIs of serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined in healthy pregnant women by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique after segregating them into three trimesters. This study was conducted in a 492-bedded zonal level hospital. The reference population was chosen from a study population of pregnant women by strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The assays were done by the most commonly used economical ELISA method using standard kits. Tests were done using accurate and precise methods with proper quality control measures.

Results

The RIs were calculated from the central 95% of distribution of total T3, total T4, and TSH values located between 2.5 and 97.5 percentile values. The 0.90 confidence intervals (CIs) for the upper and lower reference limits were calculated. The values thus obtained were different from those provided by manufacturer kit literature.

Conclusion

It is recommended to determine own laboratory-specific, method-specific, trimester-wise RI for maternal thyroid hormone status and use them for screening of pregnant mothers.

How to cite this article

Chakrabarty BK, Mitra B, Pal R, Hazra N. Specific Reference Intervals of Serum Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, and Thyroid-stimulating Hormone in Normal Pregnant Indian Women as per Trimester. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):96-100.
Evaluation of Serum Magnesium Level along with Lipid Profile in a Gujarati Population diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sendhav Sandip S , Kakaiya Amit , Chatterjee Bijoya
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectives

Diabetes is a common endocrinal disorder. Abnormal lipid and magnesium levels are observed in diabetes in many studies. The current study was done with an aim to find the relationship between lipid with magnesium and diabetes mellitus in Gujarati population.

Materials and methods

The cross-sectional study included 60 diabetics and 50 healthy subjects. Each subject was interviewed, examined, and investigated for serum lipid profile and magnesium. A 12-hour overnight fasting was recommended. The statistical analysis of data obtained was done by Student's t-test and calculation of Pearson correlation coefficient.

Result

Routine biochemical investigations showed a significant rise (p < 0.01) of fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) in diabetics, in comparison with controls (p < 0.01). Among diabetics, males have significantly higher (p < 0.01) TC, TG, and LDL-C while significantly lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Significant inverse correlation of magnesium with TC (r = −0.18), TGs (r = −0.14), LDL-C (r = −0.27), fasting blood sugar (FBS; r = −0.12) and direct correlation with HDL-C (r = 026) were observed in cases.

Conclusion

The major highlights of the current study are lower magnesium levels in cases compared with controls. In the current study, serum magnesium level has been found to be inversely related to cholesterol, TG, and LDL-C levels, while it is directly associated with HDL-C level. Hence, it could play a role in controlling the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD)-associated morbidities in future.

How to cite this article

Sendhav SS, Kakaiya A, Chatterjee B. Evaluation of Serum Magnesium Level along with Lipid Profile in a Gujarati Population diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):112-116.
Transrenal passage of nitrates and nitrites in calves (short communication)
Authors: Jacková A. , Siklenka P. , Pleva J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In a study with 12 calves on milk nutrition, the course of methemoglobinemia as well as ttansrenal passage of nitrates and nitrites after single per os administrations of 4 g NaNO2 per animal and 30 g KNO3 per animal in the form of water Solutions has been observed. The response of the organism of calves to per os administered doses of sodium nitrite and potassium nitrate was observed by the determination of tlie methemoglobin percentage in blood and the nitrate and nitrite content in urine before the administration ofthe respective dose and after h 1, 2, 3 and 4 after the administration. A significant elevation in the values of methemoglobin was recorded after h 2 after the administration of 4g NaNO3 per animal. The mean value of methemoglobin in blood was 18.84% of total hemoglobin. A slight decline in the values occurred as early as after h 3 after the administration. Of clinical signs, cyanosis of visible mucosae was observed. The highest nitrite and nitrate values in urine were determined after h 2 after per os administration of 4g NaNO2, With the administration of 30g KNO3 per animal, the most pronounced elevation in methemoglobinemia was observed after h 3, when the means values of methemoglobin was 11,75%. Of clinical signs, only slight cyanosis of mucosae was detectable. Maximum values of nitrates in urine of experimental calves after h 3 after the administration of 30 g KNO3 per animal, with the mean value of 29,9 mM NO3−1 clearly demonstrate a good transrenal passage of nitrates in calves on milk nutrition.
Auswirkungen restriktiver Ernährung auf die Wachstumsleistung von Ziegenlämmern
Authors: Toukourou Y. , Peters K.-J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Impaet of feed restriction on the growth performance of goat kids The influence of differential feeding levels on growth performance in 72 goat kids "Bunte Deutsche Edelziege" during the pre-weaning period was examined. The 72 animals were assigned to a control group and two experimental groups that received respectively 20% and 40% less milk/less concentrate compared to the control (fed at 2.4 times energy demand for maintenance). The experimental gained animals significantly less relative to the control group. However, during the subsequent realimentation period when all animals were fed at a energy level of 2.4 times maintenance same treatment, the daily weight gain among the kids was in inverse proportion to the level ofmilk deprivation in the pre-weaning phase. The rapid growth among the experimental animals was such that the initial differences in body weight between the experimental and control groups were fully compensated. Growth performance of kids with respect to different levels of concentrated feed was less clear cut and d.ffered significantly only behveen the group that received the lowest feed level relative to all the other groups.
Effect of physiological stage and nutritional management on some serum metabolite concentrations in Assaf ovine breed
Authors: Castillo C. , Hernandez J. , Lopez-Alonso M. , Miranda M. , Benedito J. L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Assaf breed represents a small percentage of the total dairy ovine census in the Castilla-León region and there are no studies conducted solely on this breed for understanding their physiology, nutritional requirements, diseases, management and appropiate beeding methods. The aim of the present report is to evaluate and to comment, in field conditions on, the nutritional management developed in a flock of Assaf ewes, studying the effects on energy metabolism during different physiological conditions (Anoestrus, Pregnancy and Lactation). On the other hand, the effect of litter size was also recorded. The study was conducted on thirty-five ewes of the Assaf breed housed in an intensive management system and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, the latter divided into singles and twins. All the animals were housed in the same environmental conditions, and received the same diet. The metabolic parameters measured were serum glucose, cholesterol, tnglycendes and NEFA. Our results demonstrate that it is important to consider two critical moments: firstly the early pregnancy period, where the administration of a maintenance diet based on low-energy foods (alfalfa hay) is not enough for energy demands, as was shown by the significant decrease in glucose and triglyceride values; and secondly, late pregnancy, where excessive concentrate intake must be avoided in order to prevent future metabolic diseases and obesity. It has been observed that serum glucose and NEFA values are influenced more by nutritional management than by physiological conditions
Transferrin Polymorphism versus Growth Rate in Lambs, Polish Long-wool Sheep – I. Frequency of genes and genotypes of transferrin in flock of Polish Long-wool Sheep
Authors: Kmieć M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The subject of this study was to identify the transferring polymorphism and analyse changes in the frequency of alleles and genotypes of the transferring in a flock of Polish long-wool sheep on the grounds of lambs from the four subsequent years. The flock comprised 3419 lambs, either sex, from the four subsequent lambings, (i – 920 off, ii – 849 off, iii – 914 and iv – 736 off accordingly). The separation of transferring variants was done using starch gel electrophoresis. The significant increase in the frequency of BD transferring phenotype was observed, CC and CE phenotypes, however, decreased and the frequency of Tf BD phenotype gradually dropped. The flock selected for quality traits exhibited a significant growth in the frequency of TfD allele in subsequent years of the study, whereas the frequency of TfC allele decreased. The frequency of remaining alleles varied in certain years of the study and no distinguished changes were found. The homozygosity of the polymorphic transferring noted in the first year. Regularities of changes in the frequency of phenotypes and alleles of transferring in the flock concerned could mark changes in the breeding – selecting scheme.
Zum Glukosetoleranztest beim Rind 1. – Mitteilung: Beziehungen zum Laktationsabschnitt und zur Milchleistung
Authors: Staufenbiel R. , Reinicke U. , Panicke L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Titel of the paper: Investigations into glucose tolerance test in cattle. I. Relations to stage of lactation and milk yield. Intravenous glucose tolerance test was used in 104 randomly selected milk cows to proove the influence of stage of lactation on test results. The test period enclosed the time from 8 weeks ante partum ( begin of dry period) to 36 weeks post partum. In another trial the glucose tolerance test was applied in 68 first lactation cows in the time from 2 to 7 days post partum. The test results were correlated to parameters of milk yield of the following lactation. The probands belong to two breeds (Friesian Dairy Cattle, SMR and Holstein-Friesian HF) The Parameters of glucose tolerance test show significant changes in the time from the dry period to the lactation cycle, which can be seen as a mean for supporting milk production. The glucose and insulin related parameters differ in their reaction in dependence on time of lactation. Back fat thickness as an parameter for body fat content shows a similar behaviour as insulin related parameters. In this context their were prooved significant correlation coefficients between parameters of milk yield and insulin function in the range from 0 3 to 0 6 But there were seen no relevant relations between glucose related parameters and milk yield datas. No substantial differences were established between the Friesian Dairy Cattle and Holstein-Friesian cows.
Der Feldermonitor – eine neue Möglichkeit der Lernforschung mit Tieren und Ergebnisse bei visuellen Differenzierungsaufgaben von Zwergziegen
Authors: Franz H. , Reichart H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: A general purpose Computer system for behavioral conditioning experiments, named "Feldermonitor" – a new possibility for learning experiments with animals and results of visual discrimination tasks in dwarf goats The precise and automatised testing of sensoric as well as cognitive abilities of pets and livestock becomes increasingly important regarding both, the objecitve evaluation of their welfare and the develpoment of new automatic animal management facilities. The learning apparatus, named Feldermonitor and introduced here, proved to be a valuable apparatus for leaming experiments allowing continuous testing of leaming behaviour of animals under group as well as individual housing conditions. The developed hard and soft ware enables the tested animals to choose simultaneously among up to 12 options, which will confront them with a maximum of four elements of rewarding, informing or sanctioning. The experiments described were performed with dwarf goats. The animals were tested using simultaneous discrimination tasks with two or four Stimuli and being rewarded with small portions of water after each success. Comparing mean learning curves it can be shown, that in case of consecutive leaming tests, successful leaming Starts eariier as well as faster with each additionally performed test. The rapidity of leaming increases also, if different discrimination tasks are offered consecutively. The coefficient of variation for learning success among animals was 10 to 20%, indicating high individual differences.
Wechselwirkung zwischen Vater und Mutter in der Milchrinderzüchtung
Authors: Brade W. , Groeneveld E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Interaction between sire and dam in dairy cattle breeding The traditional animal model in genetic evaluation has been extended by a sire * dam interaction component demonstrating the computational feasibility. The expected additional information response from including a sire * dam component is small, however, this effect come larger with an increase in the number of animals produced by biotechnical means which will likely get special treatments.
Die Selektion auf Wurfgröße beim Schwein
Authors: Bösch M. , Rohe R. , Looft H. , Kalm E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title ofthe paper: Selection for litter size in swine The present paper deals with the estimation of genetic parameter for litter size of two purebred lines 03 and 04 in order to choose the optimal model for variance component estimation. Data from nucleus and multiplier farms from 1989 to 1997 of a North-German breeding Company were observed. 9,957 litter records from 3,423 sows of line 03 and 5,045 litter records from 2,009 sows of line 04 were collected. The 404 sires of line 03 had an average of 8.5 daughters and the 285 sires of line 04 had an average of 7,0 daughters. Litter size were different between both lines, 9.6 (3.2) and 10.1 (3.4) for line 03 and 04, respectively. Genetic correlations between litters of parity 1, 2 and 3 were rg > 0,81 on high level. Also, in bivariate analysis high correlations rg > 0,88 were estimated for both lines. This model takes the matemal effect for the first parity and the permanent environment in subsequent parities into account. Due to the results a repeatability model may be appropiate for breeding values of litter size. Estimation of genotype by environment interaction showed different heritabilities between farms. Genetic corrlation was on moderate level (rg = 0,61) between two farms for line 04, other estimates ranged between rg = 0,73 and 0,97.