bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Predicting Duration of Intraocular Gas Presence After 23-Gauge Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Takashina Hirotsugu , Watanabe Akira , Mitooka Katsuya , Tsuneoka Hiroshi
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To investigate factors predicting duration of intraocular gas presence in 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective review of 130 eyes that underwent 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy. At the end of surgery, gas exchange and sclerotomy massage to promote self-sealing were performed. If sclerotomy leakage was suspected despite sclerotomy massage, a suture was placed. Factors predicting duration of intraocular gas presence in 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy were examined using multiple regression analysis. An
F
value greater than 2 and
P
value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

Significant factors were axial length (
F
= 7.08;
P
< .05) and IOP on postoperative day 1 (
F
= 4.35;
P
< .05). Age, operation time, preoperative IOP, and number of sutured sclerotomies were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION:

Factors predicting duration of intraocular gas presence in 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy were axial length and postoperative IOP on day 1.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:199–203.]
Removal of a Giant Nonmagnetic Intraocular Foreign Body Using Micro Alligator Forceps
Authors: Liang Shenzhi , Wan Guangming , Li Xiujuan , Liu Xiaoqiang , Zhu Yu
Published: May 2014

PURPOSE:

To introduce a new method for removal of a giant nonmagnetic intraocular foreign body using micro alligator forceps.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Eleven patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and lensectomy. The micro alligator forceps were used to grasp and extract the giant nonmagnetic intraocular foreign body through a sclerocorneal tunnel.

RESULTS:

All patients underwent surgical removal of the intraocular foreign body successfully without any intraoperative complications. The alligator forceps were operational in the intraocular environment and effective in surgical maneuvers. There was no accidental slippage during the procedures.

CONCLUSION:

Micro alligator forceps are a feasible option for removal of giant nonmagnetic intraocular foreign body during vitreoretinal surgery and offer advances in terms of operating stability and surgical safety.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:228–230.]
Clinical-Pathologic Correlation: Vitrectomy With Epiretinal and Internal Limiting Membrane Peel
Authors: DeMarchis Emilia H. , Pershing Suzann , Moshfeghi Darius M.
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To correlate clinical and pathologic findings in vitreoretinal surgeries with epiretinal membrane (ERM) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peels.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A retrospective review of the clinical and pathologic reports for 698 vitrectomy specimens involving ERM and/or ILM peels from 2008 to 2012.

RESULTS:

Labeling with clear operative clinical diagnoses — ERM, ILM or both — was available for 520 of 698 cases; 492 cases had a corresponding pathology result. Combined ERM-ILM specimens were the dominant clinical and pathologic diagnosis. Over 43% had differing operative and pathologic diagnoses, with 79.6% of cases labeled as ERMs, 75.0% of cases labeled as ILMs, and 22.1% cases labeled as ERM-ILM demonstrating incongruous specimens on pathology.

CONCLUSION:

It can be difficult to determine the nature of membranes pre- or intraoperatively. Combined ERM-ILM specimens may be more common than previously recognized, implying that the two membranes are not always distinct and surgically separable.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:218–221.]
A Case of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Associated With Use of Deer Antler Spray Supplement
Authors: Wong Sophia S. , Morrison-Reyes Joshua A. , Smithen Lindsay M.
Published: May 2014

This case report describes central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in a healthy man associated with the use of deer antler spray, an athletic supplement purported to contain insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The CSC resolved after cessation of the supplement. Currently, there are no reports in the literature linking IGF-1 and CSC. We conclude that agents containing IGF-1, such as deer antler supplements, may be correlated with the development of CSC.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:256–258.]
Increased Medial Longitudinal Arch Mobility, Lower Extremity Kinematics, and Ground Reaction Forces in High-Arched Runners
Authors: Williams D. S. Blaise , Tierney Robin N. , Butler Robert J.
Published: May 2014

Context:

Runners with high medial longitudinal arch structure demonstrate unique kinematics and kinetics that may lead to running injuries. The mobility of the midfoot as measured by the change in arch height is also suspected to play a role in lower extremity function during running. The effect of arch mobility in high-arched runners is an important factor in prescribing footwear, training, and rehabilitating the running athlete after injury.

Objective:

To examine the effect of medial longitudinal arch mobility on running kinematics, ground reaction forces, and loading rates in high-arched runners.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Human movement research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 104 runners were screened for arch height. Runners were then identified as having high arches if the arch height index was greater than 0.5 SD above the mean. Of the runners with high arches, 11 rigid runners with the lowest arch mobility (R) were compared with 8 mobile runners with the highest arch mobility (M). Arch mobility was determined by calculating the left arch height index in all runners.

Intervention(s):

Three-dimensional motion analysis of running over ground.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Rearfoot and tibial angular excursions, eversion-to-tibial internal-rotation ratio, vertical ground reaction forces, and the associated loading rates.

Results:

Runners with mobile arches exhibited decreased tibial internal-rotation excursion (mobile: 5.6° ± 2.3° versus rigid: 8.0° ± 3.0°), greater eversion-to-tibial internal-rotation ratio (mobile: 2.1 ± 0.8 versus rigid: 1.5 ± 0.5), decreased second peak vertical ground reaction force values (mobile: 2.3 ± 0.2 × body weight versus rigid: 2.4 ± 0.1 × body weight), and decreased vertical loading rate values (mobile: 55.7 ± 14.1 × body weight/s versus rigid: 65.9 ± 11.4 × body weight/s).

Conclusions:

Based on the results of this study, it appears that runners with high arch structure but differing arch mobility exhibited differences in select lower extremity movement patterns and forces. Future authors should investigate the impact of arch mobility on running-related injuries.
Objective Functional Assessment After a Head Injury Using Movement and Activity in Physical Space Scores: A Case Report
Authors: Farnsworth James L. , McElhiney Danielle , David Shannon , Sinha Gaurav , Ragan Brian G.
Published: May 2014

Objective:

To describe the potential benefit of using a global positioning system (GPS) and accelerometry as an objective functional-activity measure after concussion by creating Movement and Activity in Physical Space (MAPS) scores.

Background:

A 21-year-old female soccer player suffered a blow to the back of the head from an opponent's shoulder during an away match. No athletic trainer was present. She played the remainder of the match and reported to the athletic training facility the next day for evaluation.

Differential Diagnosis:

Concussion.

Treatment:

The athlete was removed from all athletic activities. Her symptoms were monitored based on the Zurich guidelines. She was also instructed to wear an accelerometer on her hip and to carry an on-person GPS receiver at all times for 10 days. Her total symptom scores for the 4 symptomatic days were 82, 39, 49, and 36. Her mean MAPS functional score for symptomatic days 3 through 5 was 900.9 and for asymptomatic days 6 through 11 was 2734.9.

Uniqueness:

We monitored the patient's function during the concussion-recovery process using an on-person GPS receiver and accelerometer to calculate personalized MAPS scores. This novel approach to measuring function after injury may provide a useful complementary tool to help with return-to-play decisions.

Conclusions:

An on-person GPS receiver and accelerometer were used to observe the patient's physical activity in a free-living environment, allowing for an objective measure of function during recovery. Her MAPS scores were low while she was symptomatic and increased as she became asymptomatic. We saw the expected inverse relationship between symptoms and function. In situations where accuracy of reported symptoms may be a concern, this measure may provide a way to verify the validity of, or raise doubts about, self-reported symptoms.
Effects of Psychological Variances in Internet Addiction of 4th, 5th, and 6th Graders from Low Income Families.
Authors: Hong Yeon Ran , Do Eun Young
Published: May 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors contributing to internet addiction in 4th, 5th, and 6th graders from low income families.METHODS: Participants for this study were 201 4th, 5th, and 6th graders from low income families living in Taegu. Data were collected from March, 2 to May, 29, 2013 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 20.0 programme.RESULTS: Among the students, 78.6% were regular users, 14.4% were potential users, and 7.0% were high-risk users. The factors influencing internet addiction, in order of importance, were; conversation with family, followed by depression.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that efforts should make to monitor use of internet by elementary school children from low income families, and preventive strategies should be developed taking into consideration factors that influence internet addiction.
Predictors of Early Postpartum Depression in Mothers of Preterm Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units.
Authors: Lee Jae Young , Ju Hyeon Ok
Published: May 2014

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the point prevalence of postpartum depression and its predictors during early postpartum in mother of preterm infants.METHODS: Participants were 101 women, 2-3 weeks after delivery whose preterm babies were hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit. Data were collected from June 2010 to January 2011. The instruments included 'Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale', 'Prenatal depression', 'Subjective health status of infant', 'Medical staff support', and 'Husband support'. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, chi2-test, and multiple logistic regression with SPSS/WIN version 18.0.RESULTS: The point prevalence was 86.1% that postpartum depression occurred during the early postpartum period in mothers of preterm infants. Three significant predictors of postpartum depression in mothers of preterm infants were identified; 'Type of delivery (OR, 5.57; 95% CI, 1.25-24.77)', 'Subjective health status of infant (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16-0.70)', and 'Medical staff support (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28-0.97)'.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that postpartum mothers should be screened for postpartum depression early in the postpartum period and that, medical personnel should pay particular attention to mothers with a caesarean section and should help mothers of preterm babies to develop positive perceptions of their babies.
Development of Cinenurducation Based on Kolb's Experiential Learning Model for Understanding Child Growth and Development.
Authors: Oh Jina , Im Mihae , Roh Hyerin
Published: May 2014

PURPOSE: Nurse educators can use film effectively to promote nursing students' motivation and indirect experiences. The purpose of this study was to develop a teaching-learning design using films based on Kolb's experiential learning model for understanding of child growth and development, and to evaluate students' satisfaction with cinenurducation according to learning type and content.METHODS: Participants were seventy-four first year nursing students in the spring semester of 2013 at a private university located in Busan. In each class, participants watched film, participated in peer-to-group discussion and an educator's lecture, and wrote a composition based on Kolb's four learning stages. After class, participants filled out a questionnaire developed by the researchers.RESULTS: Results showed a high satisfaction with cinenurducation regardless of learning type and content concerning child growth and development. Advantages of cinenurducation included it being "fun and interesting," "helpful to understand the characteristics of children," and "develop critical thinking through discussions." Disadvantages included "length of time needed," and "burdensome." CONCLUSION: Films are advantageous in that they provide indirect experience for nursing students. Selection of appropriate films and evaluation of learning goal achievements are important to maximize the effectiveness of cinenurducation.
The relationship between Saskatchewan hay yield and changing cropping practices
Authors: Jefferson Paul G. , Larson Kathy
Published: May 2014

Jefferson, P. G. and Larson, K. 2014. The relationship between Saskatchewan hay yield and changing cropping practices. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1157–1160. A previously reported decline in Saskatchewan hay yield statistics was re-examined with additional data. The decline in hay yield was confirmed in the new analysis, but the rate of decline was lower than previously reported. Several agronomic and economic variables were examined for their relationship to hay yield and precipitation use efficiency. Precipitation use efficiency for hay yield was correlated to summerfallow area, which has declined by 75% in Saskatchewan during the study period. Perennial hay crops are deep-rooted and therefore able to exploit soil water and nutrients at depth in previously summerfallowed land that was unavailable to grain and oilseed crops. We suggest that declining hay yield is due to less summerfallow land in modern Saskatchewan crop rotations.
Harvest Moon seabuckthorn
Authors: Schroeder William R. , Soolanayakanahally Raju Y. , Naeem Hamid A.
Published: May 2014

Schroeder, W. R., Soolanayakanahally, R. Y. and Naeem, H. A. 2014. Harvest Moon seabuckthorn. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1309–1312. Harvest Moon is a female, winter-hardy seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. mongolica) cultivar released by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agroforestry Development Centre (ADC). It is an early-maturing relatively thornless seabuckthorn with reddish-orange berries. The berries are sour-sweet, large with long pedicels, which facilitates hand harvesting. Harvest Moon is adapted for fruit orchards in the Canadian Prairies and northern Great Plains of the United States. The name Harvest Moon was chosen as it represents the large reddish-orange oblong berries characteristic of the cultivar.
On the first curve of the Fučík spectrum for elliptic operators
Authors: Molle Riccardo , Passaseo Donato
Published: May 2014

In this Note we present a new variational characterization of the first nontrivial curve of the Fučík spectrum for elliptic operators with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. Moreover, we describe the asymptotic behaviour and some properties of this curve and of the corresponding eigenfunctions. In particular, this new characterization allows us to compare the first curve of the Fučík spectrum with the infinitely many curves we obtained in previous works (see [8, 9]): for example, we show that these curves are all asymptotic to the same lines as the first curve, but they are all distinct from such a curve.
A note on the monotonicity formula of Caffarelli–Jerison–Kenig
Authors: Velichkov Bozhidar
Published: May 2014

The aim of this note is to prove the monotonicity formula of Caffarelli–Jerison–Kenig for functions, which are not necessarily continuous. We also give a detailed proof of the multiphase version of the monotonicity formula in any dimension.
Local versus nonlocal interactions in a reaction-diffusion system of population dynamics
Authors: Punzo Fabio , Savitska Tetiana
Published: May 2014

We study existence of patterns for a reaction-diffusion system of population dynamics with nonlocal interaction. We address the system as a bifurcation problem (the bifurcation parameter being the diffusivity of one species), and investigate the possibility of patterns bifurcating out of a constant steady state solution via Turing destabilization. It is shown that the nonlocal character of the interaction enhances the possibility that patterns exist with respect to the case of the companion problem with local interaction.
Experimental determination of the temperature dependence of water activities for a selection of aqueous organic solutions
Authors: Ganbavale G. , Marcolli C. , Krieger U. K. , Zuend A. , Stratmann G. , Peter T.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. This work presents experimental data of the temperature dependence of water activity in aqueous organic solutions relevant for tropospheric conditions (200–273 K). Water activity (aw) at low temperatures (T) is a crucial parameter for predicting homogeneous ice nucleation. We investigated temperature dependent water activities, ice freezing and melting temperatures of solutions, and vapour pressures of a selection of atmospherically relevant aqueous organic systems. To measure aw over a wide composition range and with a focus on low temperatures, we use various aw measurement techniques and instruments: a dew point water activity meter, an electrodynamic balance (EDB), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and a setup to measure the total gas phase pressure at equilibrium over aqueous solutions. Water activity measurements were performed for aqueous multicomponent and multifunctional organic mixtures containing the functional groups typically found in atmospheric organic aerosols, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, ketone, ether, ester, and aromatic groups. The aqueous organic systems studied at several fixed compositions over a considerable temperature range differ significantly in their temperature dependence. Aqueous organic systems of 1,4-butanediol and methoxyacetic acid show a moderate decrease in aw with decreasing temperature. The aqueous M5 system (a multicomponent system containing five different dicarboxylic acids) and aqueous 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol solutions both show a strong increase of water activity with decreasing temperature at high solute concentrations for T<270 K and T<260 K, respectively. These measurements show that the temperature trend of aw can be reversed at low temperatures and that linear extrapolations of high temperature data may lead to erroneous predictions. To avoid this, experimentally determined aw at low temperature are needed to improve thermodynamic models towards lower temperatures and for improved predictions of the ice nucleation ability of organic–water systems.
Observing wind, aerosol particles, cloud and precipitation: Finland's new ground-based remote-sensing network
Authors: Hirsikko A. , O'Connor E. J. , Komppula M. , Korhonen K. , Pfüller A. , Giannakaki E. , Wood C. R. , Bauer-Pfundstein M. , Poikonen A. , Karppinen T. , Lonka H. , Kurri M. , Heinonen J. , Moisseev D. , Asmi E. , Aaltonen V. , Nordbo A. , Rodriguez E. , Lihavainen H. , Laaksonen A. , Lehtinen K. E. J. , Laurila T. , Petäjä T. , Kulmala M. , Viisanen Y.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The Finnish Meteorological Institute, in collaboration with the University of Helsinki, has established a new ground-based remote-sensing network in Finland. The network consists of five topographically, ecologically and climatically different sites distributed from southern to northern Finland. The main goal of the network is to monitor air pollution and boundary layer properties in near real time, with a Doppler lidar and ceilometer at each site. In addition to these operational tasks, two sites are members of the Aerosols, Clouds and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network (ACTRIS); a Ka band cloud radar at Sodankylä will provide cloud retrievals within CloudNet, and a multi-wavelength Raman lidar, PollyXT (POrtabLe Lidar sYstem eXTended), in Kuopio provides optical and microphysical aerosol properties through EARLINET (the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network). Three C-band weather radars are located in the Helsinki metropolitan area and are deployed for operational and research applications. We performed two inter-comparison campaigns to investigate the Doppler lidar performance, compare the backscatter signal and wind profiles, and to optimize the lidar sensitivity through adjusting the telescope focus length and data-integration time to ensure sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in low-aerosol-content environments. In terms of statistical characterization, the wind-profile comparison showed good agreement between different lidars. Initially, there was a discrepancy in the SNR and attenuated backscatter coefficient profiles which arose from an incorrectly reported telescope focus setting from one instrument, together with the need to calibrate. After diagnosing the true telescope focus length, calculating a new attenuated backscatter coefficient profile with the new telescope function and taking into account calibration, the resulting attenuated backscatter profiles all showed good agreement with each other. It was thought that harsh Finnish winters could pose problems, but, due to the built-in heating systems, low ambient temperatures had no, or only a minor, impact on the lidar operation – including scanning-head motion. However, accumulation of snow and ice on the lens has been observed, which can lead to the formation of a water/ice layer thus attenuating the signal inconsistently. Thus, care must be taken to ensure continuous snow removal.
Development of a sky imaging system for short-term solar power forecasting
Authors: Urquhart B. , Kurtz B. , Dahlin E. , Ghonima M. , Shields J. E. , Kleissl J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. To facilitate the development of solar power forecasting algorithms based on ground-based visible wavelength remote sensing, we have developed a high dynamic range (HDR) camera system capable of providing hemispherical sky imagery from the circumsolar region to the horizon at a high spatial, temporal, and radiometric resolution. The University of California, San Diego Sky Imager (USI) captures multispectral, 16 bit, HDR images as fast as every 1.3 s. This article discusses the system design and operation in detail, provides a characterization of the system dark response and photoresponse linearity, and presents a method to evaluate noise in high dynamic range imagery. The system is shown to have radiometrically linear response to within 5% in a designated operating region of the sensor. Noise for HDR imagery is shown to be very close to the fundamental shot noise limit. The complication of directly imaging the sun and the impact on solar power forecasting is also discussed. The USI has performed reliably in a hot, dry environment, a tropical coastal location, several temperate coastal locations, and in the great plains of the United States.
FAME-C: cloud property retrieval using synergistic AATSR and MERIS observations
Authors: Carbajal Henken C. K. , Lindstrot R. , Preusker R. , Fischer J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. A newly developed daytime cloud property retrieval algorithm FAME-C (Freie Universität Berlin AATSR MERIS Cloud) is presented. Synergistic observations from AATSR and MERIS, both mounted on the polar orbiting satellite ENVISAT, are used for cloud screening. For cloudy pixels two main steps are carried out in a sequential form. First, a micro-physical cloud property retrieval is performed using an AATSR near-infrared and visible channel. Cloud phase, cloud optical thickness, and effective radius are retrieved, and subsequently cloud water path is computed. Second, two independent cloud top height products are retrieved. For cloud top temperature AATSR brightness temperatures are used, while for cloud top pressure the MERIS oxygen-A absorption channel is used. Results from the micro-physical retrieval serve as input for the two cloud top height retrievals. Introduced are the AATSR and MERIS forward models and auxiliary data needed in FAME-C. Also, the optimal estimation method with uncertainty estimates, which also provides for uncertainty estimated of the retrieved property on a pixel-basis, is presented. Within the frame of the ESA Climate Change Initiative project first global cloud property retrievals have been conducted for the years 2007–2009. For this time period verification efforts are presented comparing FAME-C cloud micro-physical properties to MODIS-TERRA derived cloud micro-physical properties for four selected regions on the globe. The results show reasonable accuracies between the cloud micro-physical retrievals. Biases are generally smallest for marine stratocumulus clouds; −0.28, 0.41μm and −0.18 g m−2 for cloud optical thickness, effective radius and cloud water path, respectively. This is also true for the root mean square error. Also, both cloud top height products are compared to cloud top heights derived from ground-based cloud radars located at several ARM sites. FAME-C mostly shows an underestimation of cloud top heights when compared to radar observations, which is partly attributed to the difficulty of accurate cloud property retrievals for optically thin clouds and multi-layer clouds. The bias is smallest, −0.9 km, for AATSR derived cloud top heights for single-layer clouds.
Phylogenetic support for the Tropical Niche Conservatism Hypothesis despite the absence of a clear latitudinal species richness gradient in Yunnan's woody flora
Authors: Tang G. , Zhang M. G. , Liu C. , Zhou Z. , Chen W. , Slik J. W. F.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The Tropical Niche Conservatism Hypothesis (TCH) tries to explain the generally observed latitudinal gradient of increasing species diversity towards the tropics. To date, few studies have used phylogenetic approaches to assess its validity, even though such methods are especially suited to detect changes in niche structure. We test the TCH using modeled distributions of 1898 woody species in Yunnan Province (southwest China) in combination with a family level phylogeny. Unlike predicted, species richness and phylogenetic diversity did not show a latitudinal gradient, but identified two high diversity zones, one in Northwest and one in South Yunnan. Despite this, the underlying residual phylogenetic diversity showed a clear decline away from the tropics, while the species composition became progressingly more phylogenetically clustered towards the North. These latitudinal changes were strongly associated with more extreme temperature variability and declining precipitation and soil water availability, especially during the dry season. Our results suggests that the climatically more extreme conditions outside the tropics require adaptations for successful colonization, most likely related to the plant hydraulic system, that have been acquired by only a limited number of phylogenetically closely related plant lineages. We emphasize the importance of phylogenetic approaches for testing the TCH.
Dissolved organic carbon concentrations vary with season and land use – investigations from two fens in Northeastern Germany over two years
Authors: Schwalm M. , Zeitz J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The rising export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from peatlands during the last 20 years is of great environmental concern, as DOC harms drinking water quality and diminishes the carbon storage of peatlands. Lack of knowledge particularly exists for fens. The aim of our study was to determine DOC concentrations at an agriculturally used fen and a rewetted fen throughout the year. We measured DOC concentrations in ditch water of these fens in 2011 and 2012. Furthermore, discharge measurements were condcucted to detect DOC export. Overall DOC concentrations at our agriculturally used site and at our rewetted site were 35 mg L−1 and 26 mg L−1 (median), respectively. The maximum DOC concentration at our agriculturally used site was twice as high as at the rewetted site (134 mg L−1 vs. 61 mg L−1). Annual DOC export was calculated for the rewetted site, amounting to 200 kg C ha−1 on average. Our results suggest that rewetting of degraded fens reduces DOC export in the long-term, while agricultural use of fens leads to enhanced decomposition and thus, elevates DOC export.
Understanding predicted shifts in diazotroph biogeography using resource competition theory
Authors: Dutkiewicz S. , Ward B. A. , Scott J. R. , Follows M. J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. We examine the sensitivity of the biogeography of nitrogen fixers to a warming climate and increased aeolian iron deposition in the context of a global Earth System Model. We employ concepts from Resource Ratio Theory to provide a simplifying and transparent interpretation of the results. First we demonstrate that a set of clearly defined, easily diagnosed provinces are consistent with the theory. Using the framework we show that the regions most vulnerable to province shifts and changes in diazotroph biogeography are the Equatorial and South Pacific, and central Atlantic. Warmer and dustier climates favor diazotrophs due to an increase in the ratio of supply rate of iron to fixed nitrogen. The analysis suggests that monitoring of real world province boundaries, indicated by transitions in surface nutrient concentrations, would provide a clear and easily interpreted indicator of ongoing global change. We suggest that the emergent provinces could be a standard diagnostic for global change models, allowing for rapid and transparent interpretation and comparison of model predictions and the underlying mechanisms.
A system of conservative regridding for ice–atmosphere coupling in a General Circulation Model (GCM)
Authors: Fischer E. , Nowicki S. , Kelley M. , Schmidt G. A.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The method of elevation classes, in which the ice surface model is run at multiple elevations within each grid cell, has proven to be a useful way for a low-resolution atmosphere inside a general circulation model (GCM) to produce high-resolution downscaled surface mass balance fields for use in one-way studies coupling atmospheres and ice flow models. Past uses of elevation classes have failed to conserve mass and energy because the transformation used to regrid to the atmosphere was inconsistent with the transformation used to downscale to the ice model. This would cause problems for two-way coupling. A strategy that resolves this conservation issue has been designed and is presented here. The approach identifies three grids between which data must be regridded and five transformations between those grids required by a typical coupled atmosphere–ice flow model. This paper develops a theoretical framework for the problem and shows how each of these transformations may be achieved in a consistent, conservative manner. These transformations are implemented in Glint2, a library used to couple atmosphere models with ice models. Source code and documentation are available for download. Confounding real-world issues are discussed, including the use of projections for ice modeling, how to handle dynamically changing ice geometry, and modifications required for finite element ice models.
Homogeneized modeling of mineral dust emissions over Europe and Africa using the CHIMERE model
Authors: Briant R. , Menut L. , Siour G. , Prigent C.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. In the region including Africa and Europe, the main part of mineral dust emissions is observed in Africa. The particles are thus transported towards Europe and constitute a non-negligible part of the surface aerosols measured and controlled in the framework of the European air quality legislation. The modelling of these African dust emissions fluxes and transport is widely studied and complex parameterizations are already used in regional to global model for this Sahara-Sahel region. In a lesser extent, mineral dust emissions occur locally in Europe, mainly over agricultural areas. Their modelling is generally poorly done or just ignored. But in some cases, this contribution may be important and may impact the European air quality budget. In this study, we propose an homogeneized calculations of mineral dust fluxes for Europe and Africa. For that, we extended the CHIMERE dust production model (DPM) by using new soil and surface datasets, and the global aeolian roughness length dataset provided by GARLAP from microwave and visible satellite observations. This DPM is detailed along with academic tests case results and simulation on a real case results.
A dual-inexact fuzzy stochastic model for water resources management and non-point source pollution mitigation under multiple uncertainties
Authors: Dong C. , Tan Q. , Huang G.-H. , Cai Y.-P.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. In this research, a dual-inexact fuzzy stochastic programming (DIFSP) method was developed for supporting the planning of water and farmland use management system considering the non-point source pollution mitigation under uncertainty. The random boundary interval (RBI) was incorporated into DIFSP through integrating fuzzy linear programming (FLP) and chance-constrained programming (CCP) approaches within an interval linear programming (ILP) framework. This developed method could effectively tackle the uncertainties expressed as intervals and fuzzy sets. Moreover, the lower and upper bounds of RBI are continuous random variables, and the correlation existing between the lower and upper bounds can be tackled in RBI through the joint probability distribution function. And thus the subjectivity of decision making is greatly reduced, enhancing the stability and robustness of obtained solutions. The proposed method was then applied to solve a water and farmland use planning model (WFUPM) with non-point source pollution mitigation. The generated results could provide decision makers with detailed water supply–demand schemes involving diversified water-related activities under preferred satisfaction degrees. These useful solutions could allow more in-depth analyses of the trade-offs between humans and environment, as well as those between system optimality and reliability. In addition, comparative analyses on the solutions obtained from ICCP (Interval chance-constraints programming) and DIFSP demonstrated the higher application of this developed approach for supporting the water and farmland use system planning.
Avalanche situation in Turkey and back calculation of selected events
Authors: Aydin A. , Bühler Y. , Christen M. , Gürer I.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. In Turkey, an average of 24 people die in snow avalanches every year, mainly in the eastern part of Anatolia and in the eastern Black Sea region, where high-mountain ranges are close to the sea. The proportion of people killed in buildings is very high (87%), especially in comparison to other European countries and North America. In this paper we discuss avalanche occurrence, the climatic situation and historical avalanche events in Turkey; in addition, we identify bottlenecks and suggest solutions to tackle avalanche problems. Furthermore, we have applied the numerical avalanche simulation software RAMMS (rapid mass movements simulation) combined with a (digital elevation model) DEM-based potential release zone identification algorithm to analyze the catastrophic avalanche events in the villages of Üzengili (Bayburt province) in 1993 and Yaylaönü (Trabzon province) in 1981. The results demonstrate the value of such an approach for regions with poor avalanche databases, enabling the calculation of different scenarios and the estimation of run-out distances, impact pressure and flow height.
On the possibility of precursors of earthquakes in VLF range observed by DEMETER Satellite
Authors: Sondhiya D. K. , Kumar S. , Gwal A. K.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Very Low Frequency (VLF) disturbances in the ionospheric electric field observed by DEMETER satellite prior to three different earthquakes that occurred during the years 2008–2009 have been presented. The electromagnetic wave data has been analyzed for few days before the earthquake with special attention to the variation in spectral characteristics and non-linear effects using the statistical and wavelet based techniques. Results indicate that the earthquake preparation process may disturb the ionospheric plasma and these disturbances can reach the non-linear stage leading to the strong variations in the electromagnetic field and plasma parameters. The enhancement in statistical parameters shows the coherent structure and intermittent phenomenon which is the signature of turbulence. The characteristics features of VLF disturbances have further been studied using the wavelet and bispectral analysis tools which provide useful information on the plasma turbulence.
Spatial–temporal dynamics of chemical composition of surface snow in East Antarctica along the Progress station–Vostok station transect
Authors: Khodzher T. V. , Golobokova L. P. , Osipov E. Yu. , Shibaev Yu. A. , Lipenkov V. Ya. , Osipova O. P. , Petit J. R.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. In January of 2008, during the 53rd Russian Antarctic Expedition, surface snow samples were taken from 13 shallow (0.7 to 1.5 m depth) snow pits along the first tractor traverse from Progress to Vostok stations, East Antarctica. Sub-surface snow/firn layers are dated from 2.1 to 18 yr. The total length of the coast to inland traverse is more than 1280 km. Here we analysed spatial variability of concentrations of sulphate ions and elements and their fluxes in the snow deposited within the 2006–2008 time interval. Anions were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the determination of selected metals, including Na, K, Mg, Ca and Al, was carried out by mass spectroscopy with atomization by induced coupled plasma (ICP-MS). Surface snow concentration records were examined for trends versus distance inland, elevation, accumulation rate and slope gradient. Na shows a significant positive correlation with accumulation rate, which decreases as distance from the sea and altitude increase. K, Ca and Mg concentrations do not show any significant relationship either with distance inland or with elevation. Maximal concentrations of these elements with a prominent Al peak are revealed in the middle part of the traverse (500–600 km from the coast). Analysis of element correlations and atmospheric circulation patterns allow us to suggest their terrestrial origin (e.g. aluminosilicates carried as a continental dust) from the Antarctic nunatak areas. Sulphate concentrations show no significant relationship with distance inland, elevation, slope gradient and accumulation rate. Non-sea salt secondary sulphate is the most important contribution to the total sulphate budget along the traverse. Sulphate of volcanic origin attributed to the Pinatubo eruption (1991) was revealed in the snow pit at 1276 km (depth 120–130 cm).
Aesthetic Experience, Mimesis and Testimony
Authors: Savage Roger W. H.
Published: May 2014

In this article, I relate the demand that Paul Ricoeur suggests mimesis places on the way we think about truth to the idea that the work of art is a model for thinking about testimony. By attributing a work’s epoché of reality to the work of imagination, I resolve the impasse that arises from attributing music, literature, and art’s distance from the real to their social emancipation. Examining the conjunction, in aesthetic experience, of the communicability and the exemplarity of a work reveals how Ricoeur’s definition of mimesis as refiguration relates to the “rule” that the work summons. This “rule” constitutes the solution to a problem or question for which the work is the answer. In conclusion, as a model for thinking about testimony, the claims that works make have a counterpart in the injunctions that issue from exemplary moral and political acts.
Events and the Critique of Ideology
Authors: MacKenzie Iain
Published: May 2014

This paper defends the claim that the critique of ideology requires creative interventions in the symbolic order of society and that those creative interventions must be understood as events. This is what animates the work of both Ricoeur and Deleuze and yet helps to uncover the fundamental difference between them regarding the conditions that make such critique possible: a difference regarding how we understand the nature of events. While Ricoeur is the philosopher of the narrated event, Deleuze is the philosopher of the dramatic event. Instead of pursuing a point-by-point comparison of their respective philosophies of the event, a line of social and political inquiry is constructed that leads from Ricoeur to Deleuze with a view to establishing at what point these two thinkers take different paths. It will be argued that the crossroads is rather neatly signposted by Meillassoux’s critique of strong correlationism in After Finitude.
Making Sense of the Social: Hermeneutics and Social Philosophy
Authors: Marcelo Gonçalo
Published: May 2014

This paper aims to rationnally reconstruct a project of social philosophy in Paul Ricoeur. It argues that there is an intrinsic connection between hermeneutics and social philosophy, and that Ricoeurian hermeneutics is well suited to provide the interpretative background in which the emancipatory interest of social philosophy can successfuly unfold.
Des Institutions en Personne: Une sociologie pragmatique en dialogue avec Paul Ricœur
Authors: Thévenot Laurent
Published: May 2014

Après avoir indiqué plusieurs dettes que la "sociologie pragmatique" française reconnaît à l'égard de Ricœur, l'article aborde les échanges avec la composante de sociologie politique et morale initiatrice de ce tournant. Le dialogue avec le philosophe s'est noué autour des théories du sens du juste (Rawls, Walzer, Boltanski et Thévenot), et l'auteur revient sur les lignes de force de ce débat: le pluralisme, la légitimité du jugement, la reconnaissance de l'autorité, le politique. Une seconde partie traite des relations continuées à la faveur du nouveau développement par l'auteur de la sociologie des engagements. "Le socius et le prochain" de Ricœur sert d'appui à une discussion qui, nourrie d'enquêtes sociologiques, interroge la réalisation d'institutions et de politiques en personne. La vertu de charité, que Ricœur met en avant, est confrontée à l'"art de composition" requis pour conjuguer des engagements pour des biens allant d'une solidarité civique aux attachements les plus familièrement personnels.
Looking for the Just
Authors: Pellauer David
Published: May 2014

This essay explores the idea of the just which allowed Ricoeur to move beyond and expand the “little ethics” presented in Oneself as Another. One key development is that he moves beyond the idea of solicitude as a kind of benevolent spontaneity on the basis of the insight that not all intersubjective relations are face-to-face. This recognition that who the other is can be important allows him to show why the just is a notion that explicitly arises at the level of the distant and often anonymous other, which is that of social and political institutions where the question of justice rather than friendship is central. Another related development is that the idea of reciprocity is shown still to fall short of truly mutual recognition. Pursuing a just solution to social problems leads to the question of a limited but bounded pluralism and a concomitant role for tolerance at the level of society and politics.
Liminality, the Australian State and Asian Nurse Immigrants
Authors: Willis E. M. , Xiao L. D.
Published: May 2014

Over the last two decades the flow of Asians to Australia through legitimate immigration programs has accelerated. This is particularly the case for Asian nurses coming from countries that were once subjected to European colonisation. The difficulties encountered by nurses from Asian countries mirror those of earlier waves of migrants. These include navigating the language and differences in cultural mores, values, and beliefs, along with the loneliness that may come from leaving strong family ties at home. While racism has been evident for all earlier waves of migrants, Asians face an additional hurdle linked to the uneasy relationship Australians and the Australian state has with Asia. Australia is geographically in Asia, but culturally Anglo and European.  The impact this might have on the working relationships of Asian and Australian born registered nurses is significant given the nature of their work in caring for the sick and elderly. This liminal relationship between the Australian state and Asians provides a theoretical insight into the particular difficulties experienced by Asian nurses and the integration programs that might assist them and their Australian colleagues to develop cohesive working relationships.
Cultural Patterns of Health Care Beliefs and Practices among Muslim Women in Uzbekistan
Authors: Tursunova Z. , Kamp M. , Azizova N. , Azizova L.
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this ethnographic study is to describe and analyse the meanings and uses of healthpromotion practices and beliefs, healing practices and folk medicine for Uzbek Muslim women.Contemporary healing practices can be seen as combining shamanic and Islamic concepts aboutdisease and healing, Sufi Research focus.The research questions ask how participants make decisions to seek remedies throughhealing practices, and how and whether they experience these choices and actions as empowering.The research also asks about what sorts of conditions women seeks to address through traditionalhealing practices; those in this study discussed seeking out such healing for colds, bronchitis, heartdisease, arthritis, as well as emotional and economic distress.Significance. With the increasing migration of Uzbeks to Canada, strength-based health care provisionapproach based on person-centred care, empowerment, health promotion and prevention and collaborative partnership is crucial in achieving quality of care.
Cross-Cultural “Allies” in Immigrant Community Practice: Roles of foreign-trained former Montagnard health professionals
Authors: Xin H. , Morrison S. , Dharod J. , Young A. , Nsonwu M.
Published: May 2014

This pilot case study describes foreign-trained former Montagnard refugee physicians’ practice experiences in Vietnam and their current community health worker and “ally” roles within the Montagnard refugee community. It highlights key features that facilitate cross-culturally responsive health care. We interviewed five Vietnam-trained former Montagnard refugee physicians using an open-ended interview format during March, 2012. We used content analysis procedures to identify key themes characterizing Montagnard physicians’ former and current practice experiences and emphasizing the roles they currently play in their new homeland. Montagnard physicians were fighting infectious diseases in homeland Vietnamese communities. Since coming to the U.S., Montagnard physicians have reoriented their competencies to fit within a community health workers model, and have shifted practice to fighting chronic disease in this refugee community. Tasks now include describing and contextualizing unique characteristics of the Montagnard languages and cultures to outside constituents. They become cross-cultural allies to the U.S. health care and facilitate individuals’ medical adherence with mainstream physicians’ orders. They ensure accuracy of interpretation of Montagnard patients’ medical complaints during a medical visit. Our findings reveal the potential roles that can be ascribed to a cross-cultural ally and can be built into practice to fulfill the Montagnard community’s unmet health needs: oral historian, mediator, facilitator/negotiator, quality assurer, psychosocial confidant, and health advocate.