bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Picosecond Laser Micromachining of Ultra-Hard AlMgB14 Thin Films
Authors: Melaibari Ammar , Molian Pal
Published: September 2013

Ultra-hard AlMgB14 (30-50 GPa) thin films were deposited on silicon substrate for a nominal thickness of 100 nm using a pulsed excimer laser and then subjected to direct micromachining using a 532 nm, 30 picosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The application is targeted towards synthesizing an artificial nacre material composed of hexagonal bricks and particle bridges of superhard AlMgB14 thin film and mortars of Ti thin film that biomimic the hierarchical architecture of natural nacre. The effects of pulse energy (0.1 to 1 μJ) and laser scanning speed (0.5 to 1.5 m/sec) on ablation depth and quality of scribed channels were evaluated. The morphology of the channels was characterized using confocal microscope and optical profilometer. Results indicated a clean material removal process characterized by absence of heat affected zone, high-speed scribing and small feature size. The energy fluence for the removal of 100 nm thin film without affecting the silicon substrate was 0.3 J/cm2. An interesting observation is that particulate matter present in the thin film was not ablated suggesting a size effect. Analysis of thermal transport reveals that the material removal has occurred via spallation and phase explosion mechanisms. The picosecond laser thus offers a high-speed energy source for precisely ablating ultra-hard thin films that in turn will allow the potential for fabrication of novel artificial nacre with exceptional strength and toughness.
The Hardware Design and Implement of an Image Information Collection System
Authors: Guo Feng Ying
Published: September 2013

It introduces the hardware design and implement of the image information collection system which is one part of Fluorescent magnetic particle nondestructive detection system of Cannonball. The image information collection system includes Open collecting card model Initialize collection card modelApply for EMS memory modelCollecting image modelWrite bitmap information head model Show pictures modeClose collection card model. Through collecting image information to the EMS memory and then processing the image information, the magnetic images on the cannonball are showed clearly on computer, and cracks on the cannonball can easily to be judged. The software of the image information collection system is developed by Visual C++.
Force Sensor and its Application to Tuning Fork Response Measurement
Authors: Areejit Suwilai , Jansri Anurak , Sooraksa Pitikhate
Published: September 2013

Generally, force measurement of nanoscale material widely employs a quartz tuning fork which is resonant mechanical sensors on 32.768 kHz resonance frequency and is powerful tools. But, this paper designs the sensor by using tuning fork on 3 kHz and modifies the tuning fork by a tiny pin adhesive into the end of prong. In experiment, measurements of electrical signal from piezoelectric are study of load-mass effect and pin position. 2 touching techniques are considered: a shear-force type and a tapping mode type with highly position movement system. Silicone rubber, vinyl eraser and hydrogel are elastic material for testing. Results show that both weight and position of pin is significant influencer for resonance frequency and quality factor of sensor. Finally, the tuning fork response experimentation shown this method can be applied to material classification.
Comparison of Photoacoustic Behaviors between Helmholtz Cell and its Remodified One
Authors: Zhao Jun Juan , Li Xian Hui , Zhang Wei , Zhao Zhan
Published: September 2013

This paper presents method and performance of the Helmholtz photoacoustic resonant cell and its remodified one which both were designed and tested respectively based on the measurement of the CO2 contribution of the photoacoustic signal in experiments. The average optical power at the laser operating point was 800mW for the10.653um laser (CO2 detection). On-line and real time measurement CO2/N2 mixtures (CO2 300ppm) were then performed. The Helmholtz photoacoustic resonant cell and its remodified one test of the carbodioxide conducted at their respective resonant frequency demonstrated signals about 43mV and 67mV, signal-to-noise (S/N) values about 47dB and 51dB respectively. According to test results, the remodified one also has a better quality factor. All this demonstrate the remodified Helmholtz cell can preferably improve excitation of acoustical signal.
A Model of Recent Vertical Movements of Earth's Surface of the Territory of Lithuania
Authors: Puziene Ruta , Anikeniene Asta , Stanionis Arminas
Published: September 2013

The precise geodetic levelling reveals the recent activity of the vertical movements of the earths crust. However, the main shortcoming of the levelling networks is a scarceness of the measurement tracks that can not be compensated by high density of the levelling sites within the tracks. The pattern and trends of vertical movements between the measured lines remains unknown. A special approach has been developed in order to allow the prediction of the vertical movements within the polygons. It is based on the multicomponent statistical correlation of the levelling data with the significant geological parameters. The correlations between different parameters were derived separately for each particular polygon and than combined in one common model. It allowed compilation of a rather detailed map of the recent vertical movements of Lithuania during the past 30-40 years. The rate of the vertical movements of the earths surface obtained from the geodetic levelling varies from-2.7 mm to 3.5 mm/y. A close correlation suggests that the heterogeneity of the crust is important for the distribution of the vertical movements. The application of the close correlation with geoparameters allowed considerable improvement of the map of the vertical movements of Lithuania.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Flame Retardant Dimethyl Methyl Phosphonate (DMMP) and its Application in FRP
Authors: Wang Zhu , Gao Shan Jun , Che Xu Xin , Shen Chun Hui
Published: September 2013

Dimethyl Methyl Phosphonate (DMMP) was synthesized via the MichaelisArbuzov rearrangement in the normal pressure and N2atmosphere using a novel and can be used repeatedly catalyst. The preparation conditions of DMMP, such as the reaction time, reaction temperature and catalyst dosage were investigated. The FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) , and TG-DSC(Thermogravimetric-Dynamic stability control system) results show that the obtained product is DMMP. When the reaction temperature is higher than 180°C, catalyst dosage is 12 wt%, and the reaction time is about 13 h, the highest yield (78 wt%) of DMMP can be obtained. Then DMMP was added to a FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) matrix. The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the DMMP/ FRP were tested for Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), breaking elongation, impact toughness, tensile, and flexural strengths. A significant improvement of flame retardancy of the system was observed (increase of LOI up to 30.4) with an addition of 10 wt% DMMP to FRP. But when the DMMP content in the DMMP/ FRP composites is more than 10 wt%, the comprehensive mechanical properties of FRP will appear to decline and the LOI value has not changed, so we conclude that DMMP content in the DMMP/ FRP composites is 10wt%.
Numerical Analysis of Deformation and Failure of Penetration into Concrete Target by Projectile
Authors: Gao Song , Wang Ya Bin , Li Xiu Feng
Published: September 2013

Penetration is an important topic in the military and protection engineering field. Based on *MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC of LS-DYNA program, this report studies effects of failure strain of the material parameters on structure of penetrating projectile. By establishing a group of numerical models about 45 steel hemispherical projectile penetrating semi-infinite concrete targets, this research aimed at analyzing effects of different failure strain values related to the destruction of the internal bracket structures of this projectile. At the same time, it studied the criterion of failure on finite dynamic program. The numerical results show that the use of failure strain in this model can well simulate damage of internal bracket structures of the projectile. Test was carried on based on this conclusion, which showed that bracket plate is subjected to shear failure in process of penetration, and numerical simulation was consistent with the experimental results.
The Influence of Substrate Temperature on the Morphological and Optical Properties of ZnTiO3 Thin Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Zhan Chao , Ke Wen Jian , Li Xin Ming , Du Wan Li , Wang Li Juan , Ye Cong
Published: September 2013

Cubic ZnTiO3thin films have been prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on n-type (100) Si substrate at different temperatures. The morphological and optical properties of ZnTiO3films in relation to substrate temperatures are investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and AFM as well as SEM in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement shows that all the films have a cubic phase structure and the optimum substrate temperature to form crystalline ZnTiO3thin film is 250 °C. Through SEM and AFM, the particle size in thin films and film surface roughness increase with increasing the substrate temperature. Based on a parameterized TaucLorentz dispersion model, the optical constants and surface roughness of ZnTiO3films related to the substrate temperature are systematically extracted by SE measurement. The surface roughness of the film measured from AFM agrees well with result extracted from SE, which proved that the established SE model is reasonable. With increasing substrate temperature, the refractive index decreases and the main factor in determining the refractive index was deduced to be the surface roughness related to the film packing density. The extinction coefficient of the samples is close to zero, but increases slightly with the increase of the substrate temperature, which is due to the enhancement of scattering effect in the crystalline ZnTiO3film.
Simulation Analysis of Liye Reinforced Concrete Rectangular-Sectioned Aqueduct
Authors: Min Tan
Published: September 2013

Aqueduct is a common water conveyance buildings, this paper adopts finite element method to carry out three-dimensional finite element simulation analysis for Liye reinforced concrete rectangular-sectioned aqueduct. Researching variation law of the aqueducts stress and displacement in construction process and operational process. Analysis results show that, structure of Liye reinforced concrete rectangular-sectioned aqueduct is reasonable, force of aqueduct structure is explicit, it meets the requirements for engineering.
Detect Humidity and Temperature of Multiple Points by CAN Bus
Authors: Bai Xia , Guan Da Lu , Chen Rui
Published: September 2013

The paper aims to introduce the design which uses high integrated sensor to detect the humidity and temperature parameter and employs the CAN bus to makes it more compatible. The paper further illustrates the hardware schematic diagram and dwells on its principle along with the introduction of software programs. It finally reveals the running record of the system.
2DEG Transport Properties in AlGaN/GaN Double Heterostructure HEMT with High In Composition InGaN Channel
Authors: Peng Da Qing , Dong Xun , Li Zhong Hui , Zhang Dong Guo , Li Liang , Ni Jin Yu , Luo Wei Ke
Published: September 2013

AlGaN/InGaN/GaN double heterostructure high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with In composition from 0.08 to 0.26 were grown by MOCVD. 2DEG density and mobility of different channel In composition were investigated. When In composition below 0.19, 2DEG density increased nearly linearly with In composition, and the mobility decreased a bit. While In composition over 0.19, phase separation became more serious, 2DEG density nearly not changed, and the mobility dropped sharply. A high 2DEG mobility of 1163 cm2/V·s with low sheet resistance of 342Ω/ was obtained with In composition 0.19.
Research on Commutation Failure of HVDC
Authors: Chen Tang Xian , Luo Jun Jie , Lu Jie Hong
Published: September 2013

The waveforms of the RTDS(Real Time Digital Simulator) commutation failure and ABB MACH2 system commutation failure protection have been combined to analyze the mechanism of HVDC commutation failure. Several reasons for inverter commutation failure have been found, and a detailed analysis is also been given for the missing pulse and commutation which are caused by the AC system fault. This is practical for HVDC transmission project.
Research on the Design and Test of Smart Substation OnLine Monitoring System
Authors: Du Cheng Gang , Huang Jing
Published: September 2013

This paper simply introduces a smart substation monitoring system which is designed based on the IEC61850 communication standard and uniform background. The project is the integration of online monitoring unit and the intelligent components. It uploads the information of the integrated intelligent components and integrates the online monitoring system based on IEC61850.The paper also analyzes testing basic principles of the substation equipment online monitoring system, designs the basic program of the conformance testing of smart substation equipment online monitoring system, thus illustrate the feasibility of the test program.
Influence of FIT Rate on the Adoption of Residential PV System in China
Authors: Wu Qiong , Ren Hong Bo , Gao Wei Jun , Ren Jian Xing
Published: September 2013

The energy consumption in residential sector is increasing rapidly these years in China. The searching for a substitute for fossil energy sources has increased the interest in photovoltaic (PV) system as a friendly and reliable energy technology. In this study, as a promotion policy for PV system, the suitable feed-in tariff (FIT) rates are calculated assuming the cost payback time is within twenty years. Five cities, Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, Kunming and Guangzhou located in different climate areas in China are selected for study. According to the simulation results, except Shanghai, the optimal FIT rate is close to the grid electricity rate especially in Beijing when there is no subsidy; on the other hand, the optimal FIT rates based on a 1/3 subsidy are less than the situation without a subsidy especially in Shanghai, the optimal FIT rate even reaches to zero when partly access to the grid.
Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO4/C Composite
Authors: Fan Jun Qin , Yu Jian Guo , Zhao Yong Nan , Liu Chao Yang , Sheng Guo Qing , Wu Jiao
Published: September 2013

LiFePO4/C composites were synthesized by pyrolyzation of starch gel containing FeC2O4, Li2CO3 and NH4H2PO4. The crystalline structures, micro-morphologies and electrochemical performances of LiFePO4/C composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and galvanostatic charge-discharge, respectively. The results indicated that the LiFePO4 nanoparticles showed the homogeneous particle size distribution and were bound together by carbon network when carbon content was 3.9wt%. Moreover, this sample exhibited the highest initial discharge capacity of 154.8 mAh·g-1 at 0.15 C rate, excellent cyclic ability and rate capability about 99.6 mAh·g-1 applied 5 C rate in the 20th cycle at room temperature.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water Splitting on CdS and Cd0.8Zn0.2S Nanorods: Influence of Ni(OH)2 Modification
Authors: Li Juan , Li Xin Jun
Published: September 2013

The composite photocatalysts of Ni (OH)2modified Cd1-xZnxS (x=0, 0.2) nanorods were synthesized via a simple deposition-precipitation method using nanorods as support and Ni (NO3)2as nickel hydroxide precursor. The structures, morphologies and optical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The photoactivities of the catalysts were examined toward hydrogen production by water splitting under simulated solar irradiation. Results show that the catalyst of Ni (OH)2-Cd0.8Zn0.2S nanorods exhibits a significantly enhanced H2-production activity in compared to the Ni (OH)2-CdS nanorods. The reason for the different effects of Ni (OH)2modification on the photoactivities of the two catalysts was discussed, and the possible mechanism related to the photocatalytic process was proposed.
Experimental Study on Low-Temperature Carbonization of Low Rank Coal
Authors: Wang Li Qun , Wei Zhong Xiang , Yi Zhong Bo
Published: September 2013

In this paper,a research was carried out on the regularities of carbonization temperature,holding time and mass on weightlessness of low rank coal. The experiment showed experiments in a certern range (450°C~700°C,<60min),weightlessness of coal in an increasing trend,the remained volatile content of semi-coke was measured reduce tending to value,ash content increased,fixed carbon gradually increased in the temperature range with the improvement of the carbonization temperature and holding time,also hydrogen and oxygen content of the char decreased,a significant increased in the carbon content,nitrogen and sulfur content was essentially the same. Reactivity of CO2 and semi-coke obtained in different carbonization conditions were better,the response rates are 100% when the temperature exceeded 1000°C. Best condition of dry distillation: carbonization temperature was 500°C~650°C,mass of low rank coal was less than 30g,holding time was between 30 minutes to 40 minutes.
Self-Ordering Process of Hexagonal Cells in Porous Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Shao Yu , Gui Qun Fang , Zhong Xiao Min , Chen Xi , Xiao Hua Peng , Zhu Xu Fei
Published: September 2013

Cylindrical TiO2nanotubes and hexagonal TiO2nanotubes were obtained in the anodizing process of titanium in fluoride-containing electrolyte. Based on the experimental findings and viscous flow model, a mechanism of self-ordering process of hexagonal cells arrangement for porous anodic TiO2nanotubes (PATNT) is proposed in this paper. The analysis results show that oxygen evolution in the pore bottoms plays an important role in the self-ordering process. Oxide grows around the oxygen bubbles in the pore bottoms, which results in the formation of cylindrical TiO2nanotubes. Volume expansion of TiO2takes place during the anodizing process. Plastic deformation and repulsive force caused by volume expansion are responsible for self-ordering process of PATNT hexagonal cells.
Theoretical Study on Reactivity of Cu-Based Oxygen Carrier for CO Chemical Looping Combustion
Authors: Wang Lei , Qin Wu , Wu Ling Nan , Hu Xue Qing , Gao Ming Zhong , Zhang Jun Jiao , Dong Chang Qing , Yang Yong Ping
Published: September 2013

The reaction of Cu-based oxygen carrier with CO during chemical looping combustion was studies using density functional theory (DFT) calculations in this paper. It was found that CO2is formed after CO chemically adsorbed onto CuO surface and it exhibits strong localization properties. Energy barrier with regard to the overall reaction is 1.947 eV with overall reaction energy of-3.686 eV, indicating the overall reaction is an exothermic process. As can be figured out from the geometries of the stable structures, after the physical adsorption of CO on CuO surface, 1.947 eV is needed to jump to the transition state, and the nearest distance between CO and the surface is 1.542 Å with bond angle of 155.381°, C-O bond has stretched to 1.151 Å from 1.147 Å. With further interaction between CO and CuO surface, nearly linear structure O-C-O group is formed with bond angle of 179.177° and almost symmetric C-O bond distance, which was thought to be the formation of CO2.
Analysis on Toxic and Hazardous Substances of Polymer Surfactants Used in Oilfields
Authors: Jiang Ting Ting , Lu Jia , Wang Hai Yu , Wang Bao Hui , Han Hong Jing , Wu Hong Jun
Published: September 2013

Polymer surfactant, which combines the advantages of polymer and surfactant, is a new type of oil displacement agents in oilfield.Meanwhile, the hazardous composition of the polymer surfactant is unknown.In order to clarify its potential impacts on the operator health during production,the hazardous composition and toxicity in the two solutions ,which polymer surfactants prepared by using fresh water and waste water were investigated.And the existence of inorganic and organic pollutants in the solution were also studied.The results were shown that determination of inorganic phosphorus and arsenic exceeded the standard limits.The polymer surfactant powder and solution extraction products were analyzed, it can be concluded basicly that there is no organic pollutants, or it can be ignorable.
Research on Preparation and Application of High-Performance Hydrogenated Transformer Oil
Authors: Qian Yi Hua , Huang Yi Bin , Zhang Yan , Zhong Zhen Sheng
Published: September 2013

A new refining technique was innovatively improved and a series of high-performance transformer oil was successfully developed from non-cyclic alkyl crude oil through hydrocracking, isodewaxing, hydrorefining and proportioning. And it breaks through a barrier that the traditional refining technology was restricted by the type of crude oil. The functional properties, refining and stability, performance in service, health, safety and environment properties of hydrogenated transformer oil were studied comprehensively and deeply under the static and dynamic condition, especially at the level of molecular structure. The safety and reliability of hydrogenated transformer oil in the power transformer has been proven scientifically. In order to further verify the reliability of hydrogenated transformer oil in power transformers, the 110 kV #3 main transformer with hydrogenated transformer oil in Dongguan Power Supply Bureau started to carry load to operate in December, 2011. The transformer has been being regularly monitoring and it has been operating in the good condition. And the research results have been converted into practical application successfully.
Improvement of Organic Loading Rate on Hydrogen Production Using Continuous Stirred Tank
Authors: Zhao Jian Hui , Li Ning , Li Yong Feng
Published: September 2013

The influence of organic loading rates (OLRs) on the production of fermentation hydrogen was investigated in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with brown sugar water as the fermentation substrate, and sewage sludge as the initiation of reaction. Six OLRs were examined, ranging from 12 kg/m3·d to 32 kg/m3·d. The biogas and hydrogen production rates continuously increased with increasing OLR (12 kg/m3·d to 32 kg/m3·d).It reached a maximum production rate of 18.6L/d and a hydrogen production rate of 6.4L/d at OLR= 32 kg/m3·d. Compared with the initial 12kg/m3·d, gas production improved by 89% and 87%, respectively. During system operation, the reactor could maintain a high hydrogen production rate of ethanol-type fermentation by adding a certain amount of NaOH in the reactor to regulate the pH level.
Study on the Explosion Characteristic Parameters of Gasoline Vapor Inerted by CO2
Authors: Du Yang , Liang Jian Jun , Liu Shu , Jiang Xin Sheng , Qian Hai Bing
Published: September 2013

This paper studied the characteristics parameters of gasoline vapor explosion through experiments in aφ0.48m * 28.69m long straight pipeline inerted by CO2. By changing the CO2, O2and gasoline vapor concentration, variation laws of gasoline vapor explosion characteristic parameters were explored and analyzed in this paper. Studies have shown that the decrease of oxygen concentration could not only reduce the explosion range, but also change the explosion pressure peak and peak times significantly.
Experimental Study on the Four Pipes Self-Supporting Steel Chimney
Authors: Yuan Zi Hou , Yuan Yi Chen , Sun Wei
Published: September 2013

In the first test segment (12m×16m) of 8m×6m wind tunnel with simulation of atmospheric boundary layer, we did first measuring pressure test research on rigid model of four tube self-supporting steel chimney, and got average wind pressure coefficient, maximum and minimum wind pressure coefficient distribution, as well as wind loads body coefficient of this structure, thus gave the body coefficient and extreme wind load envelopes of two species height chimney. The results show that in two wind speeds, the test results have good coincidence, reasonable value, and good regularity.
One-Year Evaluation of a 20 MW Photovoltaic Power Station
Authors: Xie Li Ying , Sun Yun Lin , Hong Rui Jiang
Published: September 2013

Grid-connected PV power station is one of the most important applications of photovoltaic system, generating low cost and high-quality electric power without non-renewable energy, as well as relaxing the tightness of daytime power demand. In China, it is usually installed on remote open area for low cost to guarantee the abundant solar power. However, this kind of place usually comes with tough weather conditions. In this paper, the property of the PV test field is estimated by its output characteristic. One inevitable and two avoidable reasons which affect the plant output are proposed. Firstly, the inevitable factor is weather, and the assessment analyzing the performance of PV power system under different weather conditions, such as sunny, cloudy, rainy and snowy is then presented. Secondly, losses owing to the mounting type and partial shading, which can be reduced by well designing and installing, are also mentioned and analyzed.
Research on China’s Legal Protection System for Energy Security
Authors: Xiang Bo , Liu Cai
Published: September 2013

China's energy industry developed remarkably in recent years but in the meanwhile also caused some problems that are directly correlated with defects in system, content, supporting and coordination and other aspects of China’s energy laws. It is imperative at present to improve and perfect energy legal system in order to provide strong guarantee for China’s energy security. This paper will analyze existing legislation systems concerned with energy security started from its legal protection status in quo, and use foreign legal system of energy security for reference to put forward to suggestions for construction of China’s legal protection system for energy security that are beneficial to perfect China's energy legal system and to ensure energy security.
Analysis of Zhuzhou Energy Efficiency Based on DEA
Authors: Guo Yu Dong
Published: September 2013

Energy issues have always become the major problem of the world. Energy efficiency has become a national energy strategy. As the old industrial city, Zhuzhou has a huge demand to energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the process of industrialization. Firstly, energy efficiencys concept was introduced, then propose Zhuzhou energy efficiency influencing factors, finally, this paper measures Zhuzhou energy efficiency based on data envelopment analysis (DEA ) method, It hopes that the scientific evaluation could provide theoretical and practical support for the decision.
Experimental Study on the Environmental Behaviors of Poisonous Trace Elements in Post-Gasified Residues
Authors: Xu Bing , Chen Lun Jian , Xing Bao Lin , Yi Gui Yun , Li Long
Published: September 2013

Pyrolysis chars at 500°C, 700°C, 900°C and coal combustion ashes were prepared to simulate the three zones residues of underground coal gasification. The contents of trace elements in solid residues, such as chromium, manganese, arsenic, cobalt, nickel and lead, were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and the enrichment factors were also calculated. By immersing the pyrolysis chars and coal combustion ashes in weakly acidic leaching liquid (pH=4, 5, 6), the leaching features of above trace elements and their potential threat on groundwater were characterized. Compared with the enrichment feature of Fe, the results indicate that CrMnCo stably exist in pyrolysis and combustion process; Ni and As get depleted in low-temperature pyrolysis chars, while enriched in 900°C chars and coal combustion ashes; Pb becomes enriched in ash, but gets depleted with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. The concentration of As in ash leachate is higher than the 5thclass of groundwater quality standard which may cause serious pollution; the concentration of Ni is below the 4thclass and may contaminate the groundwater; other elements in leachate have little influence on groundwater because of low concentrations below the 3rdclass of groundwater quality standard.
Unscrambling the Building Envelope Insulation Technique in "Tianjin Energy Efficiency Design Standard for Rural Residential Buildings"
Authors: Wang Chang Feng , Fan Guo Qiang
Published: September 2013

In order to solve problems of high energy consumption and poor indoor thermal comfort in existing rural residential buildings, Tianjin city developed Tianjin energy efficiency standard for rural residential buildings, the building envelope insulation technique in the standard-including determination of heat transfer coefficient, principle of choosing insulation materials for building envelope, energy efficiency standards of walls, windows, and roofs are unscrambled particularly in this paper. It is suggested that natural materials and appropriate techniques are used to achieve the energy-saving goal for rural residential buildings with minimum energy consumption.
Research on Demand Controlled Ventilation Strategy for Laboratory Ventilation System
Authors: Bao Zhen Hua
Published: September 2013

Reducing the amount of outdoor air entering a space has distinct advantages for ventilation system. However, it often brings the consequence of depressing indoor air quality (IAQ). For laboratories, on average, the laboratory IAQ conditions of low TVOCs and low particulates permitted the substantial reduction of minimum air change rates. With many modern laboratories operating with fewer fume hoods and more energy-efficient equipment and lighting, the labs minimum air exchange rate requirement is often the dominant energy use driver. Current codes or specifications for laboratories ventilation system are the most straight forward approaches. They do not optimize a laboratory's ventilation rate, or verify whether the intended levels of safety and comfort have been achieved by the labs design. Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) can also avoid over-ventilation by providing outdoor air rates based on actual occupancy rather than on design occupancy or full occupancy.
Response Surface Method in One Step Optimization of Methyl Esterification of Tung Oil and Contrastive Analysis with Two Step Process
Authors: Liu Wen Zhu , Li Shuo , Tang Ke Hua , Hua Xue Yan
Published: September 2013

With the conversion efficiency of tung oil methyl esterification as judgement index, univariate analysis for three main influencing factors, dosage of KOH and methanol, reaction time, were studied and optimized with response surface method to build a model in the one step methyl esterification of tung oil. Test and verify of this model were completed. The result showed that when dosage of KOH and methanol, time corresponded to 0.80g, 54.80g and 60min, the efficiency of tung oil methyl esterification was 94.52%. This result was only 4.72% lower than the predicted value from the model, which meant that the model was reliable to predict actual process. The efficiency of tung oil methyl esterification under two step process was 95.12%. There was little difference with one step process. But the total material cost of the optimized one step process was 1.76% less than that of the optimized two step process, and the reaction time was only need 1/4 that of two process. At the same time, operating process of one step was more simple and convenient. So, one step process for tung oil methyl esterification may be more cost-effective in industrial production.
The Analysis of Green Building's outside Decoration Materials
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Fu Ting
Published: September 2013

As the citys main carrier, building plays an irreplaceable role in healthy and green living environment of the people. Nowadays, green building has become an important standard evaluation of building. Outer decoration materials are a part of the buildings structure,its jacket, and appearance of the city. Through investigating and understanding the outer decoration materials at home and abroad, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages that may exist in the process of development, interpreting the application value of environmental protection materials, renewable energy, intelligent materials in building facade design, as a result, provide some basis for exploring new materials about green building outside decoration. Do advocate protecting the environment and having a healthy living.
Effect of Micro-Grinding Medium on the Particle Size Distribution and Properties of Portland Cement
Authors: Ma Bao Guo , Wang Jing Ran , Li Xiang Guo , Huang Jian
Published: September 2013

The effect of micro-grinding medium on grinding performance of Portland cement, with determining specific surface area, 45um and 80um sieve residue, density, particle size distribution, chemical shrinkage and strength were studied. In this article, the RRBS of grinding of cement particle size distribution data was observed to be very well. When the content of micro-grinding medium is less than 10%, the specific surface area is increased as the ratio of the grinding medium increased. At the same time, the flexural and compressive strength of cement increased as the content increases. The density of cement decreased quite significantly with the content of micro-grinding medium increased. The 80um sieve residue of the cement increases obviously, when the content of micro-grinding medium is more than 10%.
Thermal Behavior of Double Glass Window Filled with Absorbing and Non-Absorbing Gas
Authors: Tang Chun Li , Zhang Xiao Wei
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a radiant model based on the radiant resistance analysis theory and the results of numerical simulations of double glass window. The two-dimensional steady state model is formulated based upon the radiation and free convection heat transfer at different external and internal ambient conditions.The properties of glass which change with incident wavelength are also considered. Specifically, air and CO2 are used as the medium in the 8mm and 10mm cavity of the double glass window, respectively. Several parameters, including transmitted solar radiation flux, temperature distribution, surface heat transfer coefficient for free convection and total surface heat flux are calculated. The results show that transmitted solar radiation flux is slightly lower when filled with CO2 in the cavity than with air due to their absorption difference. Also, the temperature of gas closing to internal glass sheet and the total surface heat flux of internal glass sheet are decreased when filled with CO2 than with air, although the surface heat transfer coefficient is slightly higher when it is CO2. .The temperature variation curves show that less heat flows into the room when filled with CO2 than air in double glass window.
Biofuel Fermentation by Hyperbutanol-Producing Mutants in Sweet Corn Stalk Juice Medium
Authors: Huang Hui Yan , Zhang Xiao Ju , Li Heng Jiang , Lu Jiang , Li Shi Jie
Published: September 2013

Clostridium acetobutylicum parent strain was treated by ultraviolet irradiation at different minutes. The UV treated strains were cultivated in cornmeal medium with butanol added to the medium prior to cultivation. By increasing butanol content gradually in the medium, high butanol tolerance mutants were screened. Results show that mutants by UV treated for 4 minutes display best butanol tolerance and high butanol productivity. With 12g/L butanol added in the medium, the mutants still grow rapidly and accumulated 18.0g/L butanol at the end of 69 hr cultivation. Using sweet corn stalk juice as raw material, the maximum butanol produced by fermentation with the mutants reached 15.3g/L and 18.3g/L in batch and fed-batch fermentation respectively.
Analysis on the Development of New Energy Vehicles in China
Authors: Li De Qiang , Xu Hua
Published: September 2013

New energy vehicles stand for the future development of automobile industry and all countries in the world increased national investment in new energy vehicles. This century, especially since the the Twelfth Five-Year period, China continued to increase supportive strength to new energy vehicles, to obtain better opportunities for development. This paper analyses the present situation of new energy vehicles and the problems should be paid attention to from the enterprise manufacturing technology, government policy and consumer. From the technology, industry and policy, the article investigates the development of new energy vehicles.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of [Ni4Al(OH)10]OH by Mechanically Blending Nanometric Zinc Oxide
Authors: Gao Xiao Rui , Lei Li Xu , Bian Li , Kang Lian Wei , Meng Xiao Cai , Gu Wei , Lu Qing Feng
Published: September 2013

Nanometric zinc oxide was prepared by the methods of precipitation and subsequent hydrothermal treatment, and used as an additive of a layered double hydroxide, [Ni4Al (OH)10]OH, to prepare the positive electrode of Nickel/metal hydride battery through mechanical blending. ZnO particles show sphere-like aggregates, and the particle size is around 100 nm in diameter. The influence on the electrochemical performance was investigated in positive electrode with different mass fraction of ZnO. The results indicate that the addition of ZnO can improve charge/discharge performances and electrochemical cyclic reversibility; also, elevate the oxygen evolution potential, decrease the double layer capacitance and the charge transfer resistance.
Evaluation Method of Regenerative Braking for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Wang Jun , Lv Hui , Yu Yang , Gao Shuai
Published: September 2013

Regenerative braking is one of the key technologies to improve the energy efficiency of electric automobile, but there is no available scientific method to evaluate the effectiveness of regenerative braking for electric automobile. The paper research regenerative system conformation and control strategy .An efficiency evaluation index of regenerative braking system is introduced based on brake energy flow model.
Research on Cavitation and Runaway Tests of Mixed-Flow Pump with Different Blade Angles
Authors: Xu Bing Feng , Sun Sha Sha
Published: September 2013

Cavitation and the runaway are widely exists in pumps and greatly influence on its performance, and become the important factors to consider in pump design. This paper is research on cavitation and the runaway performance of the 6 blade angles the mixed flow pump. The results show that in this model, the angle of +2 does not have good performance on cavitation, and the angle of-8 has the maximum runaway speed 266.17r/min. The results are useful for designing the same type pump.
Analysis and Modification on Blockage Problem of BBD Double Inlet and Outlet Tube Mill Separator
Authors: Qin Qi , Wang Chun Yu , Ren Li Ming , Xu Ming Feng , Wang Lei , Li Min
Published: September 2013

This article analysis the relationship between BBD inlet and outlet tube mill separator blockage and the boiler's safety-economy, finds out the cause of the separator blockage, puts forward the corresponding reform scheme, then the retrofit scheme after implementing separator blockage problem.
The Study on the Top Clearance Plunger Pump in Diesel Engine
Authors: Zhang Jie Zhong , Zheng Qing Ping
Published: September 2013

The simulation method was used to study the fuel supply and injection characteristics of diesel top clearance plunger pump. The results show that the top clearance plunger pump relative advance of fuel supply is larger than that of the traditional plunger, and it can achieve the purpose of injection advance when the oil pump operate at 600~1000rpm. Through optimizing the structure of top clearance plunger, the amount of the injection advance can become larger and the advanced range of speed is increased. After optimized, the BSFC (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption) is 4.3% lower than that before when the diesel engine matched the top clearance plunger, which shows its advantage especially in working at high-speed.
A Comparative Analysis of Different Cycle Diesel Engine Based on Three-Dimensional Simulation
Authors: Mo Chun Lan , Zhong Wen , Guan Wei , Wei Wei , Huang Hao Zhong , Luo Lian
Published: September 2013

The thermodynamic cycle analysis of diesel engines using the engine cycle simulation programs is feasible. The comparison of dual and LIVC miller cycles engine fueled with ED10 diesel/ethanol blends on temperature and emissions are investigated by simulation. From the comparison, +0.85 EIVC miller cycle is a selection for an optimizing point of miller cycle ratio, i.e, the intake valve timing of the engine is good for NO emission, SOOT emission and the engine power output. The difference of EIVC and LIVC miller cycle was studied. The results show the tendency of performance with EIVC miller cycle is similar to that of LIVC miller cycle. But the peak cylinder combustion temperature of EIVC miller cycle become lower relative to LIVC miller cycle, which lead to slightly lower NO emission and slightly higher SOOT emission for EIVC miller cycle.
Wind Load Simulation Test for the Vehicle Mounted Extensible Mast System
Authors: Li Zhao , Yang Chen Long , Xu Yun , Chen Yue Chao
Published: September 2013

Based on the Structure and wind load force characteristics of the vehicle mounted extensible mast system, a test method for the wind load simulation of the system was designed. According to the thin wall part structural feature, a method that adding lateral tension at the flanges of the mast was used to simulate wind load. Calculation method of the theoretical wind load force was given, and the transformation formulas between loading force needed and theoretical wind force was put forward, as well the control method of the test based on PID control algorithm was described. Simulation of the force condition under trapezoidal load was given by ANSYS. The results showed that using the load scheme designed, the distribution of stress and strain was almost the same as continuous load, as well as the value and position of the maximum stress and strain.
High-Speed Data Acquisition System Based on MP424 Acquisition Card
Authors: Yang Tie Zao , Wang Chang Sheng , Zhang Hai Jun , Zhao Hong Jie
Published: September 2013

Mainly introduce MP424 high-speed data acquisition system and realize data acquisition, processing and display by way of compiling corresponding upper computer software with LabVIEW software. Acquire spark advance angle and fuel injection advance angle signals and compare with experimental model further. The results present that this data acquisition system is feasible.
Experimental Research on Connection Performance of Variable-Pitch Threaded Casing
Authors: Zhang Shi Liang , Li De Rong , Zhang Jian , Lu Bing
Published: September 2013

We accomplished a study on variation of tooth body stresses under three various pitch conditions in thread meshing connection, but also analyzed the effects of pitch variations on the stress distribution of the whole connecting thread. The results show that variable-pitch connection can effectively improve the uniform bearing capacity of tooth bodies and the overall bearing capacity of connecting thread, which is of great value for the improvement and optimization of structure design of threaded casing.
Simulations of Waste Heat Recovery System Using R123 and R245fa for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines
Authors: Wei Ming Shan , Shi Lei , Ma Chao Chen , Noman Danish Syed
Published: September 2013

To improve fuel economy, an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system is proposed to recover waste heat from heavy-duty diesel engines. R123 and R245fa were selected as working fluids. Extensive numerical simulations were conducted to find thermal efficiency of the system under different evaporation pressures, mass flow rates of working fluids and temperature of engine exhaust gases. Results show that the system thermal efficiency was increased with the increase in evaporation pressure for both R123 and R245fa. Efficiency of R123 system was found to be greater than that of R245fa system. For Rankine cycle with both R123 and R245fa, mass flow rate range varied with the evaporation pressure. Limited by evaporation rates and thermal decomposition of the working fluid, the range of mass flow rates in R245fa system was narrower than the R123 system. The thermal efficiency with different temperatures of engine exhaust gases was similar under the fixed evaporation pressure.
Research on Simulation for the Solenoid Valve Parameters of High-Power Electronic Controlled Diesel Engine
Authors: Li Ming Hai , Zhang Cheng Guang
Published: September 2013

Based on the 16V265H high power diesel engine as the research object, used GT-Fuel and GT-Power to build the simulation model and study solenoid valve parameters such as spring pre-tightening force, moving parts mass and spring stiffness to the influence on engine combustion performance. Through calculation and analysis, we got a set of reasonable solenoid valve parameters. The experiment proved that the simulation model can well simulate the actual operation of diesel engine and the solenoid valve parameters are feasible.
Research of Virtual Prototype System on Aiming Device of Setting Screws in Acetabulum Anterior Column
Authors: Tang Wei Dong , Li Bi Wen , Tan Wen Fu , Zhou Jun
Published: September 2013

With medical image three-dimensional reconstruction software reconstruct three-dimensional model of the pelvic, Not only the principle of aiming device design is introduced, but also deduces the relationship between the measurements of pre-operative pictures and the angles of drilling ringers of the aiming device, and also compiles applied software for numeration, By the virtual prototype on aiming device of setting screws in acetabulum anterior column, the doctors can simulate the operative environment before operation, The study provides a dependable approach to advance the accuracy rate during operation of acetabulum anterior column setting screws deeply.
Study on Image Retrieval Based on Active Feedback
Authors: Geng Kun
Published: September 2013

Content-based image retrieval, limiting its functionality and semantics. In order to study a new method, this study, with the representative image for more information on user feedback, positive feedback framework proposes two new components called the representative image selection and label propagation. A very large image acquisition experimental result demonstrates the high electiveness positive feedback framework proposal.
Effect of Biogas Slurry on Biogas Production for Anaerobic Digestion of Corn Straws
Authors: Bai Xiao Feng , Li Zi Fu , Wang Xue Mei , Yin Fu Bin , Wang Xiao Xi
Published: September 2013

The study determined the biogas production potential of different concentrations of biogas slurry co-digested with cornstalk at the TS of 8%. It turned out that pure biogas slurry mixed with cornstalk had the best performance. Besides, using biogas slurry without adding any water could keep the pH of the system at 6.9-7.2, while acidification happened when using other concentrations of biogas slurry and the pH went below 6.4.
Evaluation on Multicast Congestion Control Scheme
Authors: Long Yan
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a evaluation on existing multicast congestion control schemes. We evaluate several recently proposed schemes to summarize state of the art in this field. Solutions to typical problems in multicast congestion control, especially those in layered multicast, such as layer granularity, loss path multiplicity and receiver coordination, are also studied to motivate further research.