bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lysine 27 of histone H3.3 is a fine modulator of developmental gene expression and stands as an epigenetic checkpoint for lignin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Fal Kateryna , Berr Alexandre , Le Masson Marie , Faigenboim Adi , Pano Emeline , Ishkhneli Nickolay , Moyal Netta‐Lee , Villette Claire , Tomkova Denisa , Chabouté Marie‐Edith , Williams Leor Eshed , Carles Cristel C.
Published: February 2023

Chromatin is a dynamic platform within which gene expression is controlled by epigenetic modifications, notably targeting amino acid residues of histone H3. Among them is lysine 27 of H3 (H3K27), the trimethylation of which by the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is instrumental in regulating spatiotemporal patterns of key developmental genes. H3K27 is also subjected to acetylation and is found at sites of active transcription. Most information on the function of histone residues and their associated modifications in plants was obtained from studies of loss‐of‐function mutants for the complexes that modify them.

To decrypt the genuine function of H3K27, we expressed a non‐modifiable variant of H3 at residue K27 (H3.3K27A) in Arabidopsis, and developed a multi‐scale approach combining in‐depth phenotypical and cytological analyses, with transcriptomics and metabolomics.

We uncovered that the H3.3K27A variant causes severe developmental defects, part of them are reminiscent of PRC2 mutants, part of them are new. They include early flowering, increased callus formation and short stems with thicker xylem cell layer. This latest phenotype correlates with mis‐regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.

Overall, our results reveal novel roles of H3K27 in plant cell fates and metabolic pathways, and highlight an epigenetic control point for elongation and lignin composition of the stem.
vicR overexpression in Streptococcus mutans causes aggregation and affects interspecies competition
Authors: Yan Jiangchuan , Gong Tao , Ma Qizhao , Zheng Ting , Chen Jiamin , Li Jing , Jing Meiling , Lin Yongwang , Wang Xiaowan , Lei Lei , Wang Shida , Zeng Jumei , Li Yuqing
Published: February 2023

Streptococcus mutans is considered to be a major causative agent of dental caries. VicRK is a two‐component signal transduction system (TCSTS) of S. mutans, which can regulate the virulence of S. mutans, such as biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide production, acid production, and acid resistance. Meanwhile, it can also regulate the production of mutacins (nlmC) through the TCSTS ComDE. In this study, we found that the vicR‐overexpressing strain was more likely to aggregate to form cell clusters, leading to the formation of abnormal biofilm; the overexpression of vicR increased the length of the chain of S. mutans. Furthermore, the expression of the mutacins in the vicR overexpression strain was increased under aerobic conditions. Compared with the control strain and the parental strain, the vicR overexpression strain was more competitive against Streptococcus gordonii. But there was no significant difference against Streptococcus sanguinis. In clinical strains, the expression level of vicR was positively correlated with their competitive ability against S. gordonii. Transcriptional profiling revealed 24 significantly upregulated genes in the vicR‐overexpressing strain, including nlmA, nlmB, nlmC, and nlmD encoding mutacins. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting assays confirmed that VicR can directly bind to the promoter sequence of nlmD. Taken together, our findings further demonstrate that VicRK, an important TCSTS of S. mutans, is involved in S. mutans cell morphology and biofilm formation. VicRK regulates the production of more mutacins in S. mutans in response to oxygen stimulation. VicR can bind to the promoter sequence of nlmD, thereby directly regulating the production of mutacins NlmD.
The outdoor environment affects retinal and choroidal thickness
Authors: Lou Linjiang , Ostrin Lisa A.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Accumulating evidence suggests that time outdoors is protective against myopia development and that the choroid may be involved in this effect. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of 2 h of time outdoors in sunlight on retinal and choroidal thickness in adults.

Methods

Twenty adults, ages 23–46 years, each participated in three experimental sessions on different days, consisting of 2 h of exposure to (1) indoor illumination (350 lux), (2) darkness (<0.1 lux) or (3) outdoor environment (6000–50,000 lux). Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) imaging was conducted at baseline, after 1 and 2 h of exposure, and after 1 and 2 h of follow‐up. Choroidal, total retinal, photoreceptor outer segment + retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor inner segment thicknesses were determined.

Results

At 2 h, the choroid was significantly thinner during the outdoor compared with the indoor and dark conditions (p < 0.01) but was not significantly different at follow‐up. Total retinal thickness was significantly thicker during and after the outdoor compared with the indoor and dark conditions. The outer segment + RPE was significantly thinner during the outdoor compared with the indoor condition but was not significantly different at follow‐up. The inner segment was significantly thicker during the outdoor compared with the indoor and dark conditions during exposure and follow‐up.

Conclusions

Spending 2 h outdoors under high‐intensity sunlight resulted in an unexpected thinning of the choroid, which recovered post‐exposure. Retinal thickness showed different responses to the outdoor and indoor environments and was sensitive to the duration of exposure.
Nitric oxide, calmodulin and calcium protein kinase interactions in the response of Brassica napus to salinity stress
Authors: Rezayian M. , Zarinkamar F.
Published: February 2023

Involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in plant metabolism and its connection with phytohormones has not been fully described, thus information about the role of this molecule in signalling pathways remains fragmented. In this study, the effects of NO on calmodulin (CAM), calcium protein kinase (CPK), content of phytohormones and secondary metabolites in canola plants under salinity stress were investigated.

We applied 100 μM sodium nitroprusside as an NO source to canola plants grown under saline (100 mM NaCl) and non‐saline conditions at the vegetative stage.

Plant growth was negatively affected by salinity, but exogenous NO treatment improved growth. NO caused a significant increase in activity of CAT, SOD and POX through their enhanced gene expression in stressed canola. Salinity‐responsive genes, namely CAM and CPK, were induced by NO in plants grown under salinity. NO application enhanced phenolic compounds, such as gallic acid and coumaric acid and flavonoid compound,s catechin, diadzein and kaempferol, in plants subjected to salinity. NO treatment enhanced abscisic acid and brassinosteroids but decreased auxin and gibberellin in stressed canola plants.

The impacts of NO in improving stress tolerance in canola required CAM and CPK. Also, NO signalling re‐established the phytohormone balance and resulted in enhanced tolerance to salt stress. Furthermore, NO improved salinity tolerance in canola by increasing enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant content.
Evaluating the potential of environmentally friendly compounds to deactivate different life stages of Phytophthora species
Authors: De Zoysa Gayan H. , Schwendenmann Luitgard , Waipara Nick , Sarojini Vijayalekshmi
Published: February 2023

Phytophthora species are a genus in the oomycete class and are destructive plant pathogens. The ability to inhibit all stages in the life cycle of these aggressive Phytophthora pathogens is essential for the long‐term protection of native trees, plantation forests and horticultural crops that they threaten. Compounds having this ability are currently scarce. In this study, antifungal compounds of natural and synthetic origin were screened against the mycelial, zoospore and oospore life stages of Phytophthora agathidicida (P. agathidicida 18406), P. multivora (P. multivora 20280) and P. cinnamomi (P. cinnamomi 20276, 3910 and 21050). An antifungal lipopeptide showed promising (25–200 μg/mL) antimycelial activity against all the tested Phytophthora species, rapid (c. 30 s) inhibition of P. agathidicida, P. multivora and P. cinnamomi 3910 zoospore motility, inhibition of zoospore germination at 12.5–50 μg/mL and reduced the viability of P. agathidicida and P. multivora oospores at 1000 μg/mL. Polygodial extracted from New Zealand horopito leaves showed more potent (5–50 μg/mL) antimycelial activity and inhibited zoospore motility of P. agathidicida, P. multivora and P. cinnamomi 3910, although at a slightly slower rate; however, it was inactive against oospores. Polygodial and lipopeptide protected kauri and avocado leaves from Phytophthora infection and did not show symptoms of phytotoxicity. Polygodial also inhibited the growth of P. agathidicida in soil. This study demonstrates for the first time the promising antioomycete potential of compounds ranging from small molecule natural products to larger biomolecules such as lipopeptides, which can be developed as compounds to deactivate the different life stages of aggressive Phytophthora species.
Effects of drought, subsequent waterlogging and redrying on growth, physiology and metabolism of wheat
Authors: Schweiger Rabea , Maidel Alena‐Maria , Renziehausen Tilo , Schmidt‐Schippers Romy , Müller Caroline
Published: February 2023

With climate change, longer periods without precipitation but also heavy rains will become more frequent. Thus, understanding and predicting the implications of drought–waterlogging–redrying cycles for plants is essential. We examined the effects of such events on wheat (Triticum aestivum). We measured the impacts of subsequent water treatments (drought–waterlogging–redrying) on plant shoot and root biomass, photosynthesis and transpiration, as well as on primary metabolites and transcripts of leaves. Drought and drought followed by waterlogging severely reduced shoot and root biomass. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the CO2 assimilation rate per unit leaf area were not affected by the treatments but, after the redrying phase, plants grown under the stress treatments showed a higher transpiration rate per unit leaf area and a lower instantaneous water use efficiency. Many organic acids of the citrate cycle were less concentrated in leaves of stressed plants, while most amino acids were more concentrated. Transcript analysis of genes involved in signalling and metabolism revealed different expression patterns. While some genes responded only to drought or drought followed by waterlogging, several genes were induced upon both treatments and some were still upregulated at the end of the redrying phase. We provide insights into how wheat responds to changes in water regimes, with some of the changes probably allowing the plants to cope with these stressors, at least to a certain degree.
Flexible patient‐reported outcome‐based telehealth follow‐up for type 1 diabetes: A qualitative study
Authors: Jensen Annesofie L. , Schougaard Liv Marit Valen , Laurberg Tinne , Hansen Troels Krarup , Lomborg Kirsten
Published: February 2023

Background

Successful diabetes management requires collaboration between patients and healthcare professionals and should be aligned with an individual's condition and resources. We developed a flexible, individualised, patient‐reported outcome (PRO)‐based telehealth intervention called “DiabetesFlex Care” in which patients completed an annual self‐reported questionnaire from home, one required face‐to‐face appointment, and two optional outpatient consultations. In this study, we investigated patients' experiences using DiabetesFlex Care.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative, interpretive descriptive (ID) study based on semi‐structured interviews with a purposeful sample of 36 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who had used DiabetesFlex Care. Recorded audio data were transcribed and analysed inductively using the constant comparative method.

Results

DiabetesFlex Care changed participants' perspectives on living with diabetes. Patients became more involved in their own care and found that DiabetesFlex Care helped to make their conversations with healthcare professionals more relevant. Furthermore, participants appreciated the ability to both choose the format of their appointments (face‐to‐face vs. phone call) and cancel unnecessary appointments.

Conclusion

DiabetesFlex Care was a flexible and inclusive health service that enabled patients to take more responsibility for their own diabetes management. The questionnaire‐based approach in DiabetesFlex Care can help healthcare professionals systematically account for patients' perspectives and support user involvement and self‐management. By extension, this approach can also help minimise healthcare‐related disruptions in patients' lives. Further studies are needed to determine whether flexible PRO‐based telehealth is an acceptable solution for all patients.
Combined handgrip strength and walking pace, genetic susceptibility, and incident hypertension: A prospective study in UK Biobank
Authors: He Panpan , Gan Xiaoqin , Ye Ziliang , Liu Mengyi , Zhou Chun , Wu Qimeng , Zhang Yanjun , Yang Sisi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Qin Xianhui
Published: February 2023

Introduction

We aimed to investigate the relations of handgrip strength, walking pace and the combination of handgrip strength and walking pace with incident hypertension, and to explore whether this association was modified by the genetic risk of hypertension.

Methods

214 214 participants without prior hypertension in the UK Biobank were included. Handgrip strength was assessed by dynamometer. Walking pace was self‐defined as slow, average, or brisk. The study outcome was incident hypertension. A genetic risk score for hypertension was generated using a Bayesian approach applied to meta‐analyzed summary statistics GWAS data.

Results

Over a median follow‐up of 11.9 years, 13 344 (6.2%) participants developed incident hypertension. When handgrip strength was assessed as sex‐specific quartiles, compared with those with the lowest handgrip strength (quartile 1), the adjusted HRs (95% CI) of incident hypertension in quartile 2, quartile 3, and quartile 4 were 0.80 (0.69, 0.93), 0.74 (0.64, 0.86), and 0.72 (0.61, 0.84), respectively. Compared with those with slow walking pace, participants with average (HR, 0.52; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.67) or brisk (HR, 0.43; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.56) walking pace had significantly lower risks of hypertension. Moreover, compared with those with both lower handgrip strength (quartile 1) and slow walking pace, the lowest risk of incident hypertension was observed in participants with both high handgrip strength (quartiles 2–4) and fast (average or brisk) walking pace (HR, 0.36; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.52). Genetic risks of hypertension did not significantly modify the association (p‐interaction = 0.300).

Conclusion

Both higher handgrip strength and faster walking pace were significantly associated with a lower risk of incident hypertension, independent of genetic risks of hypertension.
Effect of varied dorsiflexion range of motion on landing biomechanics in chronic ankle instability
Authors: Han Seunguk , Lee Hyunwook , Son S. Jun , Hopkins J. Ty
Published: February 2023

Background

Limited dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) is a risk factor for lateral ankle sprain. However, varied DFROM exists within the chronic ankle instability (CAI) population, and how the variability may influence altered movement patterns during landing is unclear.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to identify different movement strategies during maximal jump landing/cutting among CAI patients classified by varied DFROM.

Methods

One hundred CAI subjects were classified into 3 subgroups based on their DFROM, measured by the weight‐bearing lunge test: a Hypo‐ (≤40°), Normal‐ (40–50°), and Hyper‐DFROM group (≥50°). Participants completed five trials of maximal jump landing/cutting. Lower extremity joint angles and EMG activation of seven muscles were collected from initial contact to toe‐off. Functional analyses of variance were used to evaluate between‐group differences for these outcome variables.

Results

Hypo‐DFROM group (14M, 10F) displayed the reduced ankle dorsiflexion and inversion angles with increased hip flexion angle as a compensatory kinematic chain movement strategy. In addition, motion restrictions of the ankle are associated with altered muscle activation in both distal and proximal muscles during landing/cutting. Normal‐DFROM (25M, 30F) and Hyper‐DFROM (11M, 10F) groups also have different movement strategies including greater inversion angle and less EMG activation, which could contribute to further ankle injuries.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that limited DFROM negatively affects the ankle joint during demanding movement within the CAI population. These movement patterns in CAI patients with pathomechanical deficits could contribute to further ankle sprains.
The use of human‐derived feeder layers for the cultivation of transplantable human epidermal cell sheet to repair second degree burn wounds
Authors: Mingqi Zhang , Le Wang , Yuqiang Zheng , Na Li , Wei He , Zhuoshi Wang
Published: February 2023

Background and objectives

Human epidermal cell sheet (human‐ECS) is a feasible treatment option for wound injury. Traditionally, researchers often use murine 3T3 fibroblast cells as feeder layer to support human epidermal cell sheet grafts, thus increase risk to deliver animal‐borne infection. To overcome the potential risks involved with xenotransplantation, we develop human foreskin fibroblast cell as feeder layer culture system and investigate the effects of human‐ECS on second‐degree burn wound healing in mini‐pig in order to develop more effective and safer therapies to enhance wound healing in human.

Materials and methods

Human epidermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts were isolated from foreskin tissue and were co‐cultured to manufacture human‐ECS. The cell morphology was monitored with phase‐contrast microscopy, the stem cell markers were assessed by flow cytometry, and by colony‐forming efficiency (CFE) assay. The structure of human‐ECS was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of cytokines in human‐ECS was confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Second‐degree burn wounds were created on the dorsal of miniature pig to evaluate the effect of oil gauze, oil gauze combined with commercial epidermal growth factor (EGF) cream, and oil gauze combined with human‐ECS. Wound healing rate, histological examination, and Masson staining were measured to observe the wound repair efficacy. Real‐time PCR and Western blot were utilized to detect the expression level of EGF and interleukin 6 (IL‐6).

Results

Stratified human‐ECS with 6‐7 layers of epidermal cells was successfully cultivated with human‐derived feeder cells, in which epidermal cell highly expressed CD49f and CFE was 3% ± 0.45%. Application of human‐ECS induced a higher wound healing rate than commerical EGF cream and oil gauze control. The expression of EGF in human‐ECS group was higher than those in the other groups; however, the expression of IL‐6 was significantly decreased at day 14 by human‐ECS treatment group.

Conclusions

Human‐derived feeder cells are suitable for cultivation of human‐ECS, avoiding pathogen transmission. Human‐ECS could enhance second‐degree burn wound healing, and its promoting effect involved secreting a variety of cytokines to regulate tissue reparative process.
La educación : entre crisis y esperanza
Authors: Zani Angelo Vincenzo
Published: February 2023

La propuesta del Pacto Educativo Global proviene de la atención al ámbito educativo que ha acompañado siempre a Jorge Mario Bergoglio, sobre todo por su preocupación por la formación de las generaciones jóvenes. Intenta responder a los requerimientos de numerosas personalidades de diferentes culturas y pertenencias religiosas y sociales que le han pedido que haga algunas sugerencias capaces de influir en la humanidad actual, que vive un “cambio de época” y necesita líderes con una preparación adecuada. En efecto, muchos están en busca de directrices referentes a los valores que sean sólidas y capaces de influir en las opciones más importantes para construir el bien común. De ahí surge la idea de proponer una iniciativa específica a nivel mundial sobre el tema “reconstruir el Pacto Educativo Global”, un pacto que esté particularmente atento a las expectativas de las generaciones jóvenes.
Targeted synthesis of predicted metastable compounds using modulated elemental reactants
Authors: Lemon Mellie , Harvel Fischer G. , Gannon Renae N. , Lu Ping , Rudin Sven P. , Johnson David C.
Published: February 2023

Three metastable compounds predicted to be kinetically stable using an “island” approach were successfully synthesized from designed modulated elemental reactants. Fe0.8V0.2Se2 was synthesized by depositing ultrathin elemental layers in a V|Fe|Se sequence to control the local composition. An alloyed rock salt structured Pb3Mn2Se5 constituent layer, which does not exist as a bulk compound, was synthesized in the heterostructure (Pb3Mn2Se5)0.6VSe2 by depositing a precursor with a V|Se|Pb|Se|Mn|Se|Pb|Se|Mn|Se|Pb|Se sequence of elemental layers that mimicked the compositional profile of the targeted heterostructure. The heterostructure (PbSe)1+δ(FeSe2)2 was prepared by depositing a precursor with a repeating layering sequence of Fe|Pb|Fe|Se, where each sequence contains the number of atoms required to form a single unit cell. In all three systems, the local compositions in the layer sequence kinetically favored the nucleation and growth of the targeted products during the deposition. The diffusion lengths to form the targeted compounds were short, and the diffusion was limited by postdeposition low temperature annealing to favor the growth of the targeted compounds and avoid the decomposition into a mixture of thermodynamically stable compounds.
Composition, structure, and mechanical properties of cathodic arc deposited Cr-rich Cr-N coatings
Authors: Nyman Johan , Greczynski Grzegorz , Junaid Muhammad , Sarius Niklas , Kahl Sören , Birch Jens , Högberg Hans
Published: February 2023

We arc deposit Cr-rich Cr-N coatings and show that these coatings are a promising alternative to electrodeposited hard chrome. We find that the substrate bias is of importance for controlling the N content in the grown coatings as it determines the degree of preferential resputtering of N. The substrate bias also affects the substrate temperature and film growth rate. Higher bias results in higher temperatures due to higher energy transfer to the substrate, while the growth rate decreases due to an increased re-sputtering. The N content affects the morphology, microstructure, hardness, and resistivity of the coatings. The hardness increases from 10 GPa with 0.5 at. % N to 17 GPa with 7.5 at. % N, after which no further increase in hardness is seen. At the same time, the grain structure changes from columnar to more featureless and the resistivity rises from 15 to 45 μΩ cm.
HAXPES reference spectra of Ir with Cr Ka excitation
Authors: Zheng Dong , Young Christopher N. , Stickle William F.
Published: February 2023

Monochromatic Cr Kα radiation (5414.8 eV) has been used to acquire XPS and Auger data on a sputtered Ir sample. Survey data, high-resolution scans of all observed photoelectron peaks, and high-resolution scans of Auger lines are presented herein.
Machine-learning-based simultaneous detection and ranging of impulsive baleen whale vocalizations using a single hydrophone
Authors: Goldwater Mark , Zitterbart Daniel P. , Wright Dana , Bonnel Julien
Published: February 2023

The low-frequency impulsive gunshot vocalizations of baleen whales exhibit dispersive propagation in shallow-water channels which is well-modeled by normal mode theory. Typically, underwater acoustic source range estimation requires multiple time-synchronized hydrophone arrays which can be difficult and expensive to achieve. However, single-hydrophone modal dispersion has been used to range baleen whale vocalizations and estimate shallow-water geoacoustic properties. Although convenient when compared to sensor arrays, these algorithms require preliminary signal detection and human labor to estimate the modal dispersion. In this paper, we apply a temporal convolutional network (TCN) to spectrograms from single-hydrophone acoustic data for simultaneous gunshot detection and ranging. The TCN learns ranging and detection jointly using gunshots simulated across multiple environments and ranges along with experimental noise. The synthetic data are informed by only the water column depth, sound speed, and density of the experimental environment, while other parameters span empirically observed bounds. The method is experimentally verified on North Pacific right whale gunshot data collected in the Bering Sea. To do so, 50 dispersive gunshots were manually ranged using the state-of-the-art time-warping inversion method. The TCN detected these gunshots among 50 noise-only examples with high precision and estimated ranges which closely matched those of the physics-based approach.
Determination of microphone acoustic center from sound field projection measured by optical interferometry
Authors: Hermawanto Denny , Ishikawa Kenji , Yatabe Kohei , Oikawa Yasuhiro
Published: February 2023

This article presents a method for determining the acoustic center of a microphone from a sound field measured by optical interferometry. The acoustic center defines the equivalent point source position of a microphone serving as a sound source where the spherical waveform starts to diverge. The value is used to determine the effective distance between microphones for free-field reciprocity calibration. Conventionally, it is determined from the inverse distance law properties of a point source using the transfer function method. In this study, the acoustic center was determined from the projection of the sound field of the microphone. Parallel phase-shifting interferometry was used to measure the line integration of the sound pressure from a microphone. The acoustic center is determined as the position where the squared error between the measured data and the projection model of a point source is minimized. Experiments with the B&K 4180 (Brüel & Kjær, Nærum, Denmark) microphone were performed for frequencies from 10 to 50 kHz. The best acoustic center estimation was obtained at a microphone distance of 0 mm, with a difference of 0.17 mm to the IEC 61094-3 value and 0.36 mm to the Barrera-Figueroa et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120(5), 2668–2675 (2006)] result at a measurement frequency of 20 kHz.
Rheology of non-Brownian particle suspensions in viscoelastic solutions. Part 1: Effect of the polymer concentration
Authors: Zhang Anni , Shaqfeh Eric S. G.
Published: February 2023

We study the effect of varying polymer concentration, measured by the dimensionless polymer viscosity partition function β, on the steady shear rheology of rigid particle suspensions using direct numerical simulation of the Oldroyd-B model. We compare the bulk rheology using immersed boundary simulations at Φ=2.5% and 5% to body-fitted single-particle simulations and find that the per-particle viscosity and first normal stress difference coefficient are always shear-thickening at all values of β considered. However, as β decreases, the polymer stress transforms the flow field near each particle from closed concentric streamlines to helical streamlines that advect stretched polymers away from the particle surface. At low β, the polymer stress is diffuse, where the distribution of the particle induced fluid stress (PIFS) caused by the stretched polymers is spread out in the simulation domain rather than concentrated near the particle surface. Therefore in multiparticle simulations, the polymer stress can be significantly affected by particle-particle interactions. The stress generated by a given particle is disrupted by the presence of particles in its vicinity, leading to a significantly lower PIFS than that of the single-particle simulation. In addition, at increased volume fractions and low values of β, the polymer stress distribution on the particle surface shifts so as to increase the magnitude of the polymer stress moments, resulting in a shear-thickening stresslet contribution to the viscosity that is not seen in single particle or high β simulations. This result indicates that for suspensions in highly viscoelastic suspending fluids that are characterized by a low β parameter, hydrodynamic interactions are significant even at modest particle concentrations and fully resolved multiparticle simulations are necessary to understand the rheological behavior.
The Self-Efficacy of Physical Education Teachers to Teach Students With Disabilities: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Nowland Lindsey A. , Haegele Justin A.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this article is to examine the content of previously published empirical literature utilizing self-efficacy theory with regard to physical education teachers’ perceived self-confidence to teach students with disabilities in general physical education. Keyword searches were used to identify relevant literature from electronic databases published from 2000 to 2022. Twenty-four articles, from 11 countries, met all inclusion criteria, and relevant data regarding participants, theory, measurement, research design, and dependent variables were extracted. Of the 24 studies, nine were survey validation, eight were experimental, six were cross-sectional, and one was mixed-methods design. Major findings across the examined studies indicate that teachers’ perceptions of training, amount of experience, and support from personnel significantly influence their self-efficacy toward teaching students with disabilities.
Associations of Physical Activity With Breast Cancer Risk: Findings From the UK Biobank Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Parra-Soto Solange , Tumblety Craig , Araya Carolina , Rezende Leandro F.M. , Ho Frederick K. , Pell Jill P. , Celis-Morales Carlos
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Although physical activity (PA) has been consistently associated with breast cancer, existing evidence is limited to self-reported physical activity, which is prone to dilution bias. Therefore, this aims to examine the associations of device-measured PA domains with breast cancer risk and whether it differs by menopausal status. Methods: Prospective cohort study. Data from 48,286 women from the UK Biobank cohort were analyzed. A wrist triaxial accelerometer was used to collect physical activity data for light, moderate, vigorous, moderate to vigorous, and total PA. Cox proportional models were performed to examine the association between PA domains, menopausal status, and breast cancer risk. Results: Eight hundred thirty-six breast cancer cases were diagnosed during a median of 5.4 years (interquartile range: 4.7–5.9). For total PA, those in the most active quartile had a 26% lower risk of breast cancer (Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.91) compared with those least active. Similar results were observed for light PA (HR: 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64–0.96), and moderate to vigorous PA (HR: 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64–0.96). However, moderate PA (HR: 0.73; 95% CI, 0.44–1.19) and vigorous PA (HR: 0.77; 95% CI, 0.56–1.05) was nonsignificant. No evidence of interaction between PA domains and menopause status was found (P > .10). Conclusion: High levels of PA are associated with a lower risk of breast cancer with similar magnitude of associations observed across different intensity domains.
Transferrin Receptor Protein 1 Cooperates with mGluR2 To Mediate the Internalization of Rabies Virus and SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Wen Zhiyuan , Cao Huizhen , Luo Jie , Shuai Lei , Wang Chong , Ge Jinying , Wang Xijun , Bu Zhigao , Wang Jinliang
Published: February 2023

We previously found that metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (mGluR2) is an entry receptor for RABV
in vitro
, and an important internalization factor for SARS-CoV-2
in vitro
and
in vivo
. However, whether mGluR2 is required for RABV infection
in vivo
was unknown.
Immunity to Seasonal Coronavirus Spike Proteins Does Not Protect from SARS-CoV-2 Challenge in a Mouse Model but Has No Detrimental Effect on Protection Mediated by COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination
Authors: Amanat Fatima , Clark Jordan , Carreño Juan Manuel , Strohmeier Shirin , Yellin Temima , Meade Philip S. , Bhavsar Disha , Muramatsu Hiromi , Sun Weina , Coughlan Lynda , Pardi Norbert , Krammer Florian
Published: February 2023

The impact that immunity against seasonal coronaviruses has on both susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as on COVID-19 vaccination is unclear. This study provides insights into both questions in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2.
Staphylococcus aureus Prophage-Encoded Protein Causes Abortive Infection and Provides Population Immunity against Kayviruses
Authors: Kuntová Lucie , Mašlaňová Ivana , Obořilová Radka , Šimečková Hana , Finstrlová Adéla , Bárdy Pavol , Šiborová Marta , Troianovska Liudmyla , Botka Tibor , Gintar Petr , Šedo Ondrej , Farka Zdeněk , Doškař Jiří , Pantůček Roman
Published: February 2023

Prophages play an important role in virulence, pathogenesis, and host preference, as well as in horizontal gene transfer in staphylococci. In contrast, broad-host-range lytic staphylococcal kayviruses lyse most
S. aureus
strains, and scientists worldwide have come to believe that the use of such phages will be successful for treating and preventing bacterial diseases.
Capsular Polysaccharide Is Essential for the Virulence of the Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogen Enterobacter hormaechei
Authors: St. John Amelia , Perault Andrew I. , Giacometti Sabrina I. , Sommerfield Alexis G. , DuMont Ashley L. , Lacey Keenan A. , Zheng Xuhui , Sproch Julia , Petzold Chris , Dancel-Manning Kristen , Gonzalez Sandra , Annavajhala Medini , Beckford Colleen , Zeitouni Nathalie , Liang Feng-Xia , van Bakel Harm , Shopsin Bo , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Pironti Alejandro , Torres Victor J.
Published: February 2023

Infections caused by antimicrobial resistant bacteria are of increasing concern, especially those due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae pathogens. Included in this group are species of the
Enterobacter cloacae
complex, regarding which there is a paucity of knowledge on the infection biology of the pathogens, despite their clinical relevance.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Exophiala
Strain HKRS030, a Fungus Capable of Reducing Iron but Not Nitrate
Authors: Burton Zachary T. , Kurtz Harry D.
Published: February 2023

Exophiala
strain HKRS030 was isolated from a cryptoendolithic community found in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM) in southern Utah, USA.
Exophiala
strain HKRS030 was observed to dissimilatorily reduce iron(III) while being unable to reduce nitrate.
Metagenome-Assembled Genomes from Murine Fecal Microbiomes Dominated by Uncharacterized Bacteria
Authors: Rastegar Kiarash , Kelley Scott T. , Thackray Varykina G.
Published: February 2023

The laboratory mouse gut microbiome has been extensively studied, but our understanding of its diversity remains incomplete. We report the assembly of 51 draft metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from murine fecal samples dominated by uncharacterized bacteria. These MAGs add to our understanding of gut microbial diversity in this critical model organism.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Ice-Nucleation-Active Pseudomonas syringae Strain MUP17, Isolated from the Frost-Damaged Barley Cultivar Hordeum vulgare cv. La Trobe
Authors: Alattas Hussain , Ardley Julie , O’Dea Mark , Swift Rebecca , Jackson Sarah , Biddulph Ben , Bekuma Amanuel , Zandberg Jaco , Abraham Sam , Tiwari Ravi , Reeve Wayne
Published: February 2023

Pseudomonas syringae
MUP17 was isolated from Western Australian frost-damaged barley. The MUP17 complete genome contained a 5,850,185-bp single circular chromosome with a GC content of 59.12%. IMG/M genome annotation identified 5,012 protein-coding genes, 1 of which encoded an ice-nucleation protein containing 19 occurrences of a highly repetitive PF00818 domain.
Genome Sequences of Alkalihalobacillus clausii, Bacillus safensis, Escherichia coli, and Pasteurella multocida Isolates from the Rumen, Nasopharynx, Vagina, and Uterus of Healthy Beef Cattle
Authors: Magossi Gabriela , Holman Devin B. , Gzyl Katherine E. , Schmidt Kaycie N. , Hoselton Scott A. , Amat Samat
Published: February 2023

Here, we present the first draft genome sequences of 10 bacterial strains that were isolated from the rumen, nasopharynx, vagina, or uterus of healthy beef cattle. These genomes are from one
Alkalihalobacillus clausii
isolate, three
Bacillus safensis
isolates, five
Escherichia coli
isolates, and one
Pasteurella multocida
isolate.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Ice-Nucleation-Active Pseudomonas syringae Strain MUP20, Isolated from Frost-Damaged Wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Scepter) in Western Australia
Authors: Alattas Hussain , Ardley Julie , Swift Rebecca , Jackson Sarah , Biddulph Ben , Bekuma Amanuel , Zandberg Jaco , Abraham Sam , Tiwari Ravi , Reeve Wayne
Published: February 2023

Pseudomonas syringae
MUP20 was isolated from Western Australian frost-damaged wheat. The MUP20 complete genome contained a 6,045,198-bp single circular chromosome with a GC content of 59.03%. IMG/M genome annotation identified 5,245 protein-coding genes, 1 of which encoded an ice nucleation protein containing 20 occurrences of a highly repetitive PF00818 domain.
Ultrastructural Analysis of Differences in the Growth and Maturation of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Biofilm on Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces
Authors: Kher Lopamudra , Kelley Karen , Santoro Domenico
Published: February 2023

Biofilm has been recognized as an important source of antimicrobial resistance. These sessile microbial colonies tend to attach and grow on every surface, biotic and abiotic, and they account for approximately 80% of chronic and recurrent infections.
Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Redundancy and Primer Pair Selection on the Quantification and Classification of Oral Microbiota in Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Regueira-Iglesias Alba , Vázquez-González Lara , Balsa-Castro Carlos , Blanco-Pintos Triana , Vila-Blanco Nicolás , Carreira Maria José , Tomás Inmaculada
Published: February 2023

Hundreds of publications have studied the oral microbiome through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. However, none have assessed the number of 16S rRNA genes in the genomes of oral microbes, or how the use of primer pairs targeting different regions affects the detection of MAs from different taxa.
Baculovirus Actin Rearrangement-Inducing Factor 1 Can Remodel the Mammalian Actin Cytoskeleton
Authors: Steffen Anika , Reusch Björn , Gruteser Nadine , Mainz Daniela , Roncarati Renza , Baumann Arnd , Stradal Theresia E. B. , Knebel-Mörsdorf Dagmar
Published: February 2023

Virus-induced changes of the host cell cytoskeleton play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of viral infections. The baculovirus
Autographa californica
multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is known for intervening with the regulation of the host actin cytoskeleton in a wide manner throughout the infection cycle.
Supplemental Material: Tracing the “missing shortening” in fold-and-thrust belts: Insights from structural analyses of the Hotan-Mazatagh transect in the West Kunlun foreland, NW China
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Chen Hanlin , et al.
Published: February 2023

Figure S1: Seismic reflection profile grid of the southern Tarim Basin. Figure S2: Correlation of the magnetostratigraphic results of the Cenozoic strata of the Aertashi section with the seismic reflections on the seismic reflection profiles. Table S1: Acquisition and processing parameters for the seismic reflection profile. Table S2: Bed velocities for transforming two-way-travel time profile into depth profile.
Erratum to: Several Articles in JETP Letters
Authors: Semenin N. V. , Borisenko A. S. , Zalivako I. V. , Semerikov I. A. , Aksenov M. D. , Khabarova K. Yu. , Kolachevsky N. N. , Glazyrin S. I. , Lykov V. A. , Karpov S. A. , Karlykhanov N. G. , Gryaznykh D. A. , Bychenkov V. Yu. , Karelina L. N. , Shuravin N. S. , Ionin A. S. , Bakurskiy S. V. , Egorov S. V. , Golovchanskiy I. A. , Chichkov V. I. , Bol’ginov V. V. , Ryazanov V. V. , Kazantsev D. M. , Alperovich V. L. , Tkachenko V. A. , Kvon Z. D.
Published: February 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364022390023
Plasma Crystal in (3 + 1) Dimensions
Authors: Syrovatka R. A. , Lipaev A. M. , Naumkin V. N. , Klumov B. A.
Published: February 2023

A quasi-two-dimensional plasma crystal in (3 + 1) dimensions has been experimentally observed for the first time; i.e., three spatial coordinates of each microparticles of the crystal for a long time have been determined. As a result, fine details of the structural evolution of such a system upon its melting and crystallization have been identified.
Smith–Purcell Radiation Driven by the Field of a Standing Laser Wave
Authors: Tishchenko A. A.
Published: February 2023

Smith–Purcell radiation is well known as a source of quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic radiation that occurs when fast electrons move above a diffraction grating. In this paper, we calculated the Smith–Purcell radiation generation from a flat surface along which there is a field of a standing laser wave. A periodically changing laser field induces a periodic inhomogeneity in the distribution of electrons in the near-surface layer. This periodicity, being an analogue of a diffraction grating, leads to the possibility of generating Smith–Purcell radiation. It is shown that the properties of Smith–Purcell radiation from such an unusual “light” grating are also unusual: the dispersion relation, unlike the standard for Smith–Purcell radiation, does not contain diffraction orders, so that all radiation is concentrated in one peak. The calculated effect makes it possible to control the radiation frequency or angle by changing the laser frequency and may be of interest for the development of new compact radiation sources with tunable characteristics and for non-invasive diagnostics of relativistic electron beams.
Erratum to: Screening of Medicinal Compounds in Blood by Atmospheric Pressure Laser Plasma Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kravets K. Yu. , Timakova S. I. , Grechnikov A. A. , Borodkov A. S. , Laptinskaya P. K. , Kuzmin V. S. , Simanovsky Ya. O.
Published: February 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934822370018
Erratum to: Processing and Interpretation of Analytical Data with a High Degree of Uncertainty
Authors: Zenkevich I. G. , Nikitina D. A. , Kushakova A. S.
Published: February 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934822370031
Erratum to: Determination of Steroid Hormones in Human Saliva by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection
Authors: Dmitrieva E. V. , Temerdashev A. Z.
Published: February 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934822370043
A Comparative Study on Method Comment and Inline Comment
Authors: Huang Yuan , Guo Hanyang , Ding Xi , Shu Junhuai , Chen Xiangping , Luo Xiapu , Zheng Zibin , Zhou Xiaocong
Published: February 2023

Code comments are one of the important documents to help developers review and comprehend source code. In recent studies, researchers have proposed many deep learning models to generate the method header comments (i.e., method comment), which have achieved encouraging results. The comments in the method, which is called inline comment, are also important for program comprehension. Unfortunately, they have not received enough attention in automatic generation when comparing with the method comments. In this paper, we compare and analyze the similarities and differences between the method comments and the inline comments. By applying the existing models of generating method comments to the inline comment generation, we find that these existing models perform worse on the task of inline comment generation. We then further explore the possible reasons and obtain a number of new observations. For example, we find that there are a lot of templates (i.e., comments with the same or similar structures) in the method comment dataset, which makes the models perform better. Some terms were thought to be important (e.g., API calls) in the comment generation by previous study does not significantly affect the quality of the generated comments, which seems counter-intuitive. Our findings may give some implications for building the approaches of method comment or inline comment generation in the future.
Dynamic Scheduling in a Partially Fluid, Partially Lossy Queueing System
Authors: Chaudhary Kiran , Kavitha Veeraruna , Nair Jayakrishnan
Published: February 2023

We consider a single server queueing system with two classes of jobs:
eager
jobs with small sizes that require service to begin almost immediately upon arrival, and
tolerant
jobs with larger sizes that can wait for service. While blocking probability is the relevant performance metric for the eager class, the tolerant class seeks to minimize its mean sojourn time. In this article, we analyse the performance of each class under dynamic scheduling policies, where the scheduling of both classes depends on the instantaneous state of the system. This analysis is carried out under a certain fluid limit, where the arrival rate and service rate of the eager class are scaled to infinity, holding the offered load constant. Our performance characterizations reveal a
(dynamic) pseudo-conservation law
that ties the performance of both classes to the standalone blocking probabilities associated with the scheduling policies for the eager class. Furthermore, the performance is robust to other specifics of the scheduling policies. We also characterize the Pareto frontier of the achievable region of performance vectors under the same fluid limit, and identify a (two-parameter) class of
Pareto-complete
scheduling policies.
[Retracted] The Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) Are Predictors of Insulin Resistance and Hyperandrogenaemia in Obesity/Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Cao Haozhe , Cao Jing , Zhang Li
Published: February 2023

Objective. Hyperandrogenaemia and insulin resistance (IR) are the main characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Here, we study to find appropriate markers predicting IR and hyperandrogenaemia of women with PCOS in northwest China. Methods. According to body mass index (BMI), 953 patients with PCOS were divided into two groups. All the patients underwent physical examination and ultrasonography and collected elbow vein blood. Their BMI, waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), LAP, VAI, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), and free androgen index (FAI) were calculated. Each group (normal weight and obesity/overweight) was further divided into two subgroups according to their HOMA‐IR and FAI: the IR+ subgroup/IR‐ subgroup and FAI+ subgroup/FAI‐ subgroup. Furthermore, we compared the clinical indices, hormone levels, and metabolic makers separately between these groups. The correlations between these parameters and HOMA‐IR or FAI were tested; sensitivity, specificity, and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated. Results. In the obesity/overweight group, the VAI (best cut‐off value: 2.27, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.699) and LAP (best cut‐off value: 45.54, AUC = 0.680) were sensitive predictors of IR (sensitivity = 72% and sensitivity = 67%). Additionally, the VAI (best cut‐off value: 2.13, AUC = 0.624) and LAP (best cut‐off value: 51.18, AUC = 0.582) were sensitive predictors of FAI (sensitivity = 87% and sensitivity = 64%). In the normal weight group, BMI could preferably predict HOMA‐IR (AUC = 0.717, best cut‐off value: 21.62) and HOMA‐IR could preferably predict FAI (best cut‐off value: 2.11, AUC = 0.648). Conclusion. Our data indicated that the VAI and LAP may contribute to the early identification of IR and hyperandrogenaemia in the obesity/overweight patients of PCOS. In normal weight PCOS, BMI was a better predictor to IR, and HOWA‐IR was a better predictor to FAI.