bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN LABORATORIUM IPS PERANAN ISTANA KUNING DALAM MEMPERSATUKAN MASYARAKAT PANGKALAN BUN KOTAWARINGIN BARAT KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Husin Amir
Published: June 2022

Peranan Kesultanan Istana Kuning Dalam Mempersatukan Masyarakat Pangkalan Bun Kotawaringin Barat Kalimantan Tengah. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan Mempersatukan Masyarakat Pangkalan Bun Kotawaringin Barat Kalimantan Tengah. Memberikan manfaat bagi nilai-nilai yang terkandung didalam Kesultanan Istana Kuning. Sebagai pemersatu masyarakat Pangkalan Bun Kotawaringin Barat Kaimantan Tengah, salah satu warisan budaya yang merupakan ikon penting bagi kota Pangkalan Bun di Kalimantan Tengah. Istana Kuning merupakan warisan peninggalan Kesultanan Kotawaringin (atau Kutaringin), dan sebuah Kerajaan Islam pertama di Kalimantan Tengah. sebagai bangunan bersejarah yang mengandung kisah sejarah dan merupakan cerminan tata cara hidup, budaya, dan peradaban masyarakat pada jaman dahulu.) Nilainilai yang ada dalam Kesultanan Istana Kuning, terdiri dari beberapa nilai yaitu, Nilai agama memfokuskan relasi manusia yang berkomunikasi dengan Tuhan dan mengajarakan tentang kebaikan Nilai persaudaraan, yaitu nilai yang mengajarkan tentang sikap saling menyayangi mendoakan dan mengutamakan kepentingan persaudaraan diatas kepentingan pribadi, Nilai sejarah dan budaya yang terkandung yaitu adanya nilai sejarah yang merupakan cerminan dari kisah sejarah, tata cara hidup, budaya dan peradaban masyarakat sebelumnya.
Penerapan Metode RSM dalam Bio-komposit Bahan (Polymethyl-Methacrylate / Hydroxyapatite) Optimalisasi Kekuatan Ketegangan dengan Pencetakan 3D
Authors: Putra Muhammad Teguh Maulana
Published: June 2022

Perlu dikembangkan metode optimasi untuk meningkatkan tulang sintetis struktur untuk aplikasi dalam implan tulang manusia. Tulang sintetis terbuat dari komposit polimetil-metakrilat (PMMA) sering digunakan dalam bidang medis (PMMA, di sisi lain, telah membatasi kualitas mekanik, seperti: serta kurang kompatibel, kaku, dan non-bioaktif. Penelitian ini campuran Bahan PMMA dengan bahan hidroksiapatit (HA). Komposisi bahan adalah PMMA: MMA = 1:1, dengan rasio hidroksiapatit (HA) terhadap bubuk PMMA sebesar 0,50: 1 (b/b). Materi akan dicetak melalui mesin 3D Printing yang memiliki nozel 1,5 mm. Mesin 3D Printing ini mengalami proses berkala pengembangan, namun hasil yang diperoleh tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan, terutama kekuatan tarik spesimen. Oleh karena itu, perlu melakukan penelitian untuk mengoptimalkan parameter pencetakan 3D Printing mesin. Hasil eksperimen dan analisis menggunakan metode RSM menunjukkan bahwa parameter pencetakan mesin cetak 3D pada bahan PMMA / HA untuk mendapatkan kekuatan tarik tertinggi berada pada titik 13.670 mm/s untuk kecepatan keliling parameter, 76,330 mm/s untuk parameter kecepatan pengisian dan 33,670% poin untuk kepadatan isi
PERAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN BAGI GENERASI MILENIAL DALAM MENANAMKAN JIWA NASIONALISME DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Komala Riska
Published: June 2022

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi akhir-akhir ini semakin modern yang menuntut moralitas dan tingkat nasionalisme yang tinggi, karena ilmu tidak memiliki tingkat nasionalisme dan moralitas yang tinggi, yang membawanya pada pendidikan khususnya PKn telah kehilangan keutamaannya sebagai wadah humanistik. Beberapa orang memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang kewarganegaraan dan prestasi yang baik, tetapi tidak memberikan manfaat di lingkungan komunitas bahkan telah menjadi penyakit komunitas itu sendiri. Hal itu membahayakan eksistensi budaya dan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan karena ruh Nasionalisme dan moralitas rendah. Dampak negative globalisasi yaitu perilaku tidak etis yang dilakukan oleh anak usia sekolah. Melalui siaran televise dan media massa, bagaimana anak itu membunuh ayahnya dan ibunya sendiri, pecandu narkoba, mabuk-mabukan, bunuh diri dan masih banyak lagi. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan selama ini belum menyentuh ranah kesadaran siswa.
SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN DAN PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT
Authors: Zulfathurrahmah  , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: June 2022

Kasus kemiskinan menjadi cerita yang tak pernah bisa dilupakan sepanjang sejarah kehidupan manusia, dan apa upaya yang dilakukan manusia untuk mengatasi kemiskinan, adanya zakat merupakan suatu hal yang sangat membantu dan telah di syariatkan oleh agama islam untuk membrantas kemiskinan dan kesenjangan sosial yang ada di lingkungan kita. Baik itu dunia islam klasik maupun modern telah melahirkan berbagai perundang undangan yang menjelaskan beragam contoh manajemen perzakatan untuk satu tujuan yaitu mengentaskan kemiskinan. pada artikel ini membahas histori panjang implementasi zakat, dari era klasik islam, penerapannya di zaman modern di beberapa negara khususnya negara islam. ternyata di Indonesia pernah mengalami reduksi atau defisit pada fungsi dan peran zakat yang pernah mencapai masa keemasan kejayaan islam. banyak faktok yang melatarbelakangi yaitu kurang efektifnya kegiatan UU zakat, kurang nya kepercayaan terhadapa Lembaga zakat, kurangnya kesadaran kalau zakat itu penting, untuk mengatasinya sangat di perlukan semangat zakat yang di padu dari masyarakat dan negara.
esai kaitan bahasa dengan lingkungan
Authors: Rahmi Tasya
Published: June 2022

Lingkungan menjadi komponen yang berpengaruh dalam pelaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran khususnya pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Kaitan antara pendidikan lingkungan dan pembelajaran bahasa berpengaruh nantinyaterhadap pola pikir yang kritis. peran lingkungan terhadap pembelajaran sangatlah tinggi, guna meningkatkan kreativitas dan inovatif dari siswa-siswa terutama dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia.
Instrumen Dan Komponen Kebijakan Fiskal Islam
Authors: Alimin Fahira
Published: June 2022

Al-Qur’an tidak memberikan perincian kebijakan fiscal. Akantetapi, ada beberapa ajaran ekonomi dan prinsip-prinsip pengarah yang terekam dalam sunnah sebagai pengarah dan penjelasnya. Dengan demikian, sunnah Nabi menjadi sumber penting kedua keuangan publikdalam Islam setelah al-Qur’an. Dalam Islam, kebijakan fiskal merupakan suatu kewajiban negara dan menjadi hak rakyat, sehingga kebijakan fiskal bukanlah semata-mata sebagai suatu kebutuhan untuk perbaikan ekonomi maupun untuk peningkatan kesejahteraan rakyat saja, akan tetapi lebih pada penciptaan mekanisme distribusi ekonomi yang adil. Karena hakikat permasalahan ekonomi yang melanda umat manusia adalah berasal dari bagaimana distribusi harta di tengah-tengah masyarakat terjadi. Jadi uang publik dipandang sebagai amanah di tangan penguasa dan harus diarahkan pertama-tama pada lapisan masyarakat yang lemah dan orang-orang miskin, sehingga tercipta keamanan masyarakat dan kesejahteraan umum
Why don’t we share data and code? Perceived barriers and benefits to public archiving practices
Authors: Gomes Dylan G. E. , Pottier Patrice , Crystal-Ornelas Robert , Hudgins Emma Judith , Foroughirad Vivienne , Sánchez-Reyes Luna L , Turba Rachel , Martinez Paula Andrea , Moreau David , Bertram Michael , Smout Cooper , Gaynor Kaitlyn
Published: June 2022

The biological sciences community is increasingly recognizing the value of open, reproducible, and transparent research practices for science and society at large. Despite this recognition, many researchers remain reluctant to share their data and code publicly. This hesitation may arise from knowledge barriers about how to archive data and code, concerns about its re-use, and misaligned career incentives. Here, we define, categorise, and discuss barriers to data and code sharing that are relevant to many research fields. We explore how real and perceived barriers might be overcome or reframed in light of the benefits relative to costs. By elucidating these barriers and the contexts in which they arise, we can take steps to mitigate them and align our actions with the goals of open science, both as individual scientists and as a scientific community.
Procesamiento de formas no binarias en español rioplatense: relación entre el uso voluntario y la comprensión
Authors: Zunino Gabriela Mariel , Stetie Noelia Ayelén
Published: June 2022

Diversos estudios gramaticales se han abocado al estudio de las innovaciones morfológicas utilizadas como formas no binarias en español (-x; -e). Sin embargo, no existen trabajos experimentales que analicen su procesamiento psicolingüístico ni las múltiples y complejas relaciones entre producción y comprensión en lo que respecta al lenguaje no binario. Para analizar este fenómeno, realizamos una tarea de lectura y comprensión de oraciones con hablantes de español de Argentina. Registramos tiempos de lectura y de respuesta, precisión y frecuencia de uso de las formas no binarias en les participantes. Los resultados muestran una especialización de las formas no binarias como variantes morfológicas genéricas, en contraposición al masculino genérico. Las formas no binarias provocaron consistentemente una referencia hacia grupos mixtos y los tiempos de respuesta mostraron que estas variantes morfológicas no conllevan un costo de procesamiento mayor que el masculino genérico. En este trabajo , nos concentramos también en el análisis de un factor definido como “uso habitual consciente” de formas no binarias y su efecto sobre los procesos de comprensión. Es posible ver que el uso consciente de formas no binarias influye en los procesos de comprensión de las distintas variantes de morfología de género: a medida que crece el uso voluntario de formas no binarias, el masculino genérico parece concentrar su referencia hacia grupos de varones exclusivamente. Es así que, además de mostrar evidencia general en relación con los costos de procesamiento y modos de comprensión de la morfología de género en español, nuestros datos permiten observar una potencial vinculación recíproca entre procesos de producción y comprensión que merece ser estudiada con mayor profundidad.
“Is it funny?” or “Is it strange?” Investigating humor through cognitive psychology
Authors: Romaniello Cristian , Sedda Anna , Toraldo Alessio
Published: June 2022

Humor is a multifaceted function unique to human beings, like language and symbolic thought. Theories of humor propose different frameworks to investigate this function empirically; here, we applied a cognitive-psychology approach, focusing on a specific humor task. We asked 32 participants to listen to 30 jokes intermixed with 30 non-jokes that had an implausible ending, and to decide whether or not each stimulus was funny (Humor Decision Task, HDT). In a control task, 30 plausible stories were intermixed with 30 stories with an implausible ending and participants had to decide whether or not each stimulus was “strange” (Implausibility Decision Task, IDT). Response times (RT) in correct responses indicated that the two tasks involved different cognitive operations: while “yes, funny” responses were 256 ms faster than “no, not-funny” responses, “yes, strange” responses took the same time as “no, not-strange” ones. IDT results could be explained by assuming that participants used the degree of semantic overlap between the setup and the ending of the story to select a response. Two different cognitive accounts for the HDT results are offered, the “recognition” and the “sequential attempts” model. According to the “recognition” account,participants activate long-term memory (LTM) abstract representations of the semantic structure of jokes, while the “sequential attempts” account implies a trial-and-error strategy to find a solution to the puzzle posed by a punchline that is not already available in LTM. The RT pattern observed inincorrect responses led us to reject the “recognition” account and support the “sequential attempts” hypothesis.
Policy abstraction as a predictor of cognitive effort
Authors: Sayali Ceyda , Rubin-McGregor Jordan , Badre David
Published: June 2022

Consistent evidence has established that people avoid cognitively effortful tasks. However, what independent factors make a task cognitively effortful are still not well understood. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed regarding which task demands underly cognitive effort costs, such as time-on-task, error likelihood, and the general engagement of cognitive control. In this paper, we tested the novel hypothesis that tasks requiring behavior according to higher degrees of policy abstraction are experienced as more effortful. Accordingly, policy abstraction drives task avoidance over and above the effects of task performance, like time-on-task or error likelihood. In order to test this hypothesis, we combined two previously established cognitive control tasks, which include parametric manipulations of policy abstraction, with the demand selection task (DST) procedure. The design of these tasks allowed us to test whether people avoided tasks with higher order policy abstraction, while controlling for the contribution of factors like time-on-task and expected error rate. Consistent with our hypothesis, we observed across both studies and in a within-subject cross-study analysis that policy abstraction was the strongest predictor of cognitive effort choices, followed by error rates. These results establish at least one task feature independent of performance itself that is predictive of task avoidance behavior. We interpret these results within an opportunity cost framework for understanding aversive experiences of cognitive effort while performing a task.
Stay away, Santa: Children’s beliefs about the impact of COVID-19 on real and fictional beings
Authors: Sullivan Jess , Tillman Katharine A , Shtulman Andrew
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced children to reckon with the causal relations underlying disease transmission. What are children’s theories of how COVID-19 is transmitted? And how do they understand the relation between COVID-19 susceptibility and the need for disease-mitigating behavior? We explored these questions in the context of children’s beliefs about supernatural beings, like Santa and the Tooth Fairy. Because these beings cannot be observed, children’s beliefs about the impact of COVID-19 on them must be based on their underlying theories of disease transmission and prevention rather than on experience. In Summer of 2020, N = 218 U.S. children between the ages of 3 and 10 (M = 81.2 months) were asked to rate supernatural beings’ susceptibility to COVID-19, and the extent to which these beings should engage in disease-mitigating behaviors, such as social distancing and mask wearing. Many children believed supernatural beings were susceptible to COVID-19. However, children rated the need for supernatural beings to engage in disease-mitigating behaviors as higher than the beings’ disease susceptibility, indicating a disconnect between their conceptions of the causal relations between disease-mitigating behavior and disease prevention. Children’s belief that a particular supernatural being could be impacted by COVID-19 was best predicted by the number of human-like properties they attributed to it, regardless of the child’s age. Together, these findings suggest that although young children fail to appreciate specific pathways of disease transmission, they nonetheless understand disease as a bodily affliction, even for beings whose bodies have never been observed.
Professed Democracy Support and Openness to Politically Congenial Authoritarian Actions within the American Public
Authors: Malka Ariel , Costello Thomas H
Published: June 2022

Elites degrade democracy in part because of incentives that arise from public opinion. We report pre-registered and exploratory tests of which Americans are most likely to support democracy-degrading action, focusing on three distinct democracy attitudes assessed in a large demographically representative sample five weeks before the 2020 election. Professed opposition to democracy was relatively rare and most common among citizens who felt disengaged with politics. But a different pattern of findings emerged for attitudes toward (1) flagrant, politically congenial authoritarian policy action and (2) election subversion framed with a pro-democracy justification. These anti-democratic attitudes were relatively common, related to cultural conservatism among both Republicans and Democrats, and – consistent with an “involved-but-ignorant” hypothesis – highest among those who combined strong political interest with low political sophistication. We recommend an increased focus on attitudes toward flagrant, contextualized, and politically cued authoritarian actions, including actions framed in pro-democracy terms.
Do agency and communion explain the relationship between perceiver and target effects in interpersonal perception? A meta-analysis on generalized reciprocity.
Authors: Schauf Titus , Dufner Michael , Nestler Steffen , Rau Richard
Published: June 2022

This meta-analysis examines generalized reciprocity, that is, the relationship between how people perceive others and how they are perceived by others. It tests the hypothesis that generalized reciprocity varies as a function of the content domain under investigation. Generalized reciprocity for attributes with primarily communal content (e.g., friendliness) was hypothesized to be more positive than generalized reciprocity for attributes with primarily agentic content (e.g., assertiveness). Sixty-four primary studies reporting correlations between perceiver and target effects with a total number of 17,561 participants were included in the analysis. Results of a multilevel meta-analytical random effects model showed that reciprocity correlations were slightly negative, but around zero, for primarily agentic attributes (r = -.05) and became more positive with increasing communal content (up to r = .18 for primarily communal attributes). Generalized reciprocity thus varied depending on the extent to which the regarded attribute is agentic versus communal.
Syntactic adaptation and word learning in children and adults
Authors: Swanson Elizabeth , Frank Michael C. , Degen Judith
Published: June 2022

Syntactic adaptation may be a key mechanism underlying children’s learning of novel words. Havron et al. (2019) exposed French-speaking children (ages 3 to 4) to a speaker biased toward using either familiar verbs or familiar nouns in a syntactic context which permitted both structures. This prime later influenced participants’ interpretations of ambiguous novel words presented in the same syntactic frame. In Experiment 1, we successfully replicated Havron et al. with 77 French-speaking adults, using a web-based eye-tracking paradigm. Experiment 2 adapted the paradigm to English, finding that repeated exposure to a syntactic structure induced 102 English-speaking adults to update their expectations about the meanings of novel words. Experiment 3 found similar evidence of syntactic adaptation in 74 three- to five-year-old English-speaking children. Participants adapted to the specific linguistic structure used, not just the speaker’s tendency to mention actions or objects. These findings support the role of rapid adaptation during word learning and demonstrate the feasibility of conducting eye-tracking studies through online platforms.
Enhancing the coordination of housing supports for individuals leaving institutional settings
Authors: Duff Cameron , Randall Sean , Hill Nicholas , Martin Chris , Martin Robyn
Published: June 2022

This research Final Inquiry developed policy recommendations for enhancing housing assistance for individuals leaving institutional settings of residential treatment for mental health and/or substance use problems, the criminal justice system and out-of-home care. The Inquiry also offers recommendations for enhancing the ways Specialist Homelessness Services address the unique support needs of diverse cohorts moving between these institutional settings.Failure to adequately plan for and support safe transitions from institutional settings into secure and affordable housing can have catastrophic consequences for individuals leaving these settings, with strong impacts on their housing security, health and wellbeing, and economic and social participation in the community.The research finds individuals at risk of experiencing housing insecurity following discharge from institutional settings should be formally integrated into discharge planning processes, and that assertive case management, while resource intensive, is an effective means of supporting vulnerable individuals with complex needs to access and maintain stable housing.In addition, it is important to increase funding support for the provision of new social housing to guarantee access to safe and secure housing for all Australians who require it. For people exiting prison social housing is a stable base on which to receive and engage with support services and helps to desist from offending.
An Assessment of CenSoc Match Quality
Authors: Breen Casey , Osborne Maria
Published: June 2022

The CenSoc datasets link individual-level 1940 Census records to Social Security death records using deterministic record linkage algorithms. In this technical report, we describe our record linkage methodology and assess the accuracy and representativeness of the CenSoc Version 2.1 matches.
From Sociology to Biology: Explaining the Office Entry Age of Political Leaders
Authors: Joshi Madhav
Published: June 2022

What factors determine the office entry age of political leaders? This paper explains the significance of the sociological process of party system institutionalization in determining the office entry age of political leaders. This process involves time and resource investments in building and maintaining the party's societal bases and networks, which has different implications for aged versus young leaders. Aged leaders have invested more time into building and nurturing societal bases, whereas young leaders have not had this opportunity and thus find themselves in a more competitive political space. As a result, a highly institutionalized party system consistently produces relatively older political leaders, which is supported in the analysis of over 1200 political leaders entering the office from 1946 and 2015. This finding holds even after controlling for the leaders’ entry nature, level of democracy, and domestic terrorism and civil wars.
BLMtwitter: The Black Lives Matter (BLM) Twitter Corpus
Authors: van der Veen Maurits
Published: June 2022

In May 2020, the murder of George Floyd led to protests throughout the United States and around the world. Along with these protests, social media platforms saw a dramatic increase in the volume of discussion regarding Black Lives Matter (BLM). Two years on, online discussion of BLM continues to be lively, not just in the United States but also internationally. This paper introduces one of the most extensive collections of Black Lives Matter tweets available, covering from 2010 through May 2022 and including nearly 50 million tweets overall. Parallel corpora for All Lives Matter and Blue Lives matter are similarly collected. I describe the corpus construction process, including selection criteria for tweets using the BLM acronym. The paper provides a summary description of key dimensions of the three corpora, including patterns in tweet counts over time as well as the number of distinct users and the volume of tweets in languages other than English. The corpus is publicly available and updated regularly.
Determinants of Public Opinion Support for a Full Embargo on Russian Energy in Germany
Authors: Silva Bruno Castanho , Wäckerle Jens , Wratil Christopher
Published: June 2022

Western powers have discussed and implemented several policies in response to the full scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. One such possible answer was an immediate embargo on all Russian energy exports to the EU. While seen as a strong measure against Russia's war effort, some EU governments were unenthusiastic, due to potential negative economic impacts on the short run, by pressuring prices for consumers and fueling inflation. Public opinion also seemed divided on the matter. We use a framing survey experiment in Germany (n = 3,251) to test what factors influence support for an immediate embargo against Russian energy. Results indicate that out of seven possible frames tested, the only one that has an effect on embargo support is whether the rest of the German public is in favor or not. Results are in line with contemporary models of public opinion formation and legitimacy, and shed light on the conditions that may help framing other potentially costly issues to garner public support, such as measures to tackle climate change.
Wealth, Income, and Preferences for Redistribution: Evidence from 30 Countries
Authors: Steele Liza G. , Cohen Joseph Nathan , van der Naald Joseph
Published: June 2022

This analysis probes the relationship between individuals’ preferences for redistribution and their economic self-interest. We analyze personal finance and preferences data from 30 countries included in the 2009 ISSP to analyze whether respondents’ personal income, financial wealth, or housing wealth are related to their opinions about economic redistribution, poor aid, and unemployment support. We find evidence of a relationship between income and preferences in English-speaking OECD countries, and between home equity, financial wealth, and preferences in Nordic countries. However, that linkage varies by policy attitude and asset type, and is also non-existent in some countries.
Gender inequality reinforced: the impact of a child's health shock on parents' labor market trajectories
Authors: Vaalavuo Maria , Salokangas Henri , Tahvonen Ossi
Published: June 2022

This article employs a couple-level framework to examine how a child’s severe illness affects within-family gender inequality in a Northern European context. We study the parental labor market responses to a child’s cancer diagnosis by exploiting an event study methodology and individual-level administrative data onhospitalizations and labor market variables for the total population in Finland. We focus on the differences in the effects by gender, breadwinner status, cancer severity and age of children. We find that child cancer has a negative impact on the labor income of both the mother and the father. This effect is considerably larger for women, and therefore leads to an increase in gender inequality on top of the well-documented motherhood penalty related to childbirth. However, mothers who are the main breadwinners in the family experience a smaller reduction in their contribution to household income. Additionally, older age of the child at cancer diagnosis and less severe cancer type potentially protect against gendered responses. These new insights provide evidence on gender roles when a child falls ill and show how child health affects gender inequality in two-parent households.
The Effect of Perceived Workplace Bureaucracies on Self-Evaluated Efficacy, Job Satisfaction and Motivation in the Workplace during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kang Janisha Kaur , Tay Jian-Hua , Gan Samuel Ken En
Published: June 2022

Workplace bureaucracies impact many areas of an employee’s working life. High levels of perceived bureaucracy can diminish employees’ job motivation, satisfaction, and performance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, infection containment measures likely contributed to the factors underlying the “great resignation” via the lack of self-efficacy from perceived bureaucracy. Recruiting 240 full-time employees between late 2021 to early 2022 across organizations in both private and public sectors, the Work Extrinsic Intrinsic Motivation Scale, the Workplace Bureaucracy Questionnaire, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale were employed along with demographic parameters for analysis, showing that salary range, education levels, self-efficacy and job motivation were negatively associated with perceived workplace bureaucracies, but not gender, age, and length of employment. The findings of the study provide insight into the effect of increased perceived bureaucracy during the COVID-19 pandemic on employee experience that would be relevant to the workplace environment even in normal times.
Federal Criminal Sentencing: Race-Based Disparate Impact and Differential Treatment in Judicial Districts
Authors: Topaz Chad M. , Ning Shaoyang , Ciocanel Maria-Veronica , Bushway Shawn
Published: June 2022

Race-based inequity in federal criminal sentencing is widely acknowledged, and yet our understanding of its causes is far from complete. While researchers have regularly interrogated federal sentencing data for evidence of racially differential treatment by court actors, sentencing inequity owes both to this direct bias and to system-wide structural factors that produce disparate impacts. We present an approach to disentangling these mechanisms of inequity and we use it to provide, for the first time, estimates of these disparities within individual federal judicial districts. We study over one-half million sentencing records from the United States Sentencing Commission database, spanning the years 2006 to 2020. Black and Hispanic defendants receive average sentences that are approximately 19 months longer and 5 months longer, respectively. Demographics factors and sentencing guideline elements account for nearly 17 of the 19 months for Black defendants and all five of the months for Hispanic defendants, demonstrating disparate impact of the system at the national level. To further investigate the source of these differences, we analyze individual districts. Assuming nationally uniform treatment of sentencing variables, 22 districts display significantly longer sentences for minoritized defendants. These disparities are evidence of either structural inequity and/or differential treatment. However, even after controlling for each district’s unique demographics and potentially unique implementation of sentencing factors, 14 districts show significant differences for minoritized defendants as compared to white ones. These unexplained differences are evidence of possible differential treatment by judges, prosecutors and defense attorneys.
Migrating to New Contraceptive Contexts: The Case of Migrants from Turkey to France
Authors: Behrman Julia A , Buyukakbas Elif , Weitzman Abigail
Published: June 2022

Do migrants change their contraceptive usage in destination contexts characterized by widely available reproductive healthcare? To explore this question, we adopt a multi-sited analysis where we standardize and integrate data on women’s contraceptive use from two different sources— Trajectoires et Origines (TeO) survey collected in France (the receiving country)—and the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) collected in Turkey (the sending country). Descriptive analyses indicate that contraceptive use of migrant women from Turkey in France is more comparable to that of non-migrant women in France compared to non-migrant women in Turkey. To address migrant selectivity on observed characteristics in multivariate analyses, non-migrant groups in France and Turkey are re-weighted with entropy balancing to resemble migrants on observed characteristics. Multivariate results indicate that there are sizable differences in contraceptive usage between Turkish migrants and non-migrant Turkish women, which undermines the hypothesis of selection on observables. Yet, there are no significant differences between migrants and non-migrant French women in contraceptive methods, with the exception of hormonal short acting methods, thus supporting a partial-adaptation perspective. We point to health insurance and religiosity as potential pathways that help explain these findings.
Proton charge radius from a dispersive analysis of the latest space-like e-p scattering data
Authors: Lin Yong-Hui
Published: June 2022

We present a dispersion theoretical analysis on recent date from electron-proton scattering. This allows for a high-precision extraction of the electric and magnetic radius of the proton, $r_E = (0.839\pm 0.002{}^{+0.002}_{-0.003})$~fm and $r_M = (0.846\pm 0.001{}^{+0.001}_{-0.005})$~fm, where the first error refers to the statistical type estimated from the bootstrap method, and the second one refers to the systematic uncertainty related to the underlying spectral functions.
Meson spectroscopy results from CMS
Authors: Lunerti Leonardo
Published: June 2022

Recent results in meson spectroscopy with the CMS detector are presented. In particular, the first observation by the CMS Collaboration of two excited B + c states and the measurement of the B + c (2S) mass using proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are reported.
On the mass of the glueballonium
Authors: Trotti Enrico , Giacosa Francesco
Published: June 2022

According to lattice simulations and other theoretical approaches, the scalar glueball is the lightest state in the Yang-Mills sector of QCD. Since within this sector the scalar glueball is stable, the scattering between two glueballs is a well-defined process. Moreover, a glueball-glueball bound state, called glueballonium, might exist if the attraction turns out to be large enough. In this work, we concentrate on the formation of the glueballonium in the context of the dilaton potential. In particular, we investigate the parameter values for which such a glueballonium emerges.
The Relationship between Tertiary Level EFL Learners’ Attitudes towards English and Technology and Their Autonomy Levels
Authors: KILIÇ Ayça , UZUN Levent
Published: June 2022

Technology is a vital part of language learning, and thus, students’ attitudes towards it influence its effective use. Also, language learner autonomy is related to the use of technology. Thus, this study was conducted in a TELP (tertiary level intensive English program) to investigate students’ attitudes towards English and technology, their autonomy levels, and the relationship between two constructs. Having a quantitative approach, two scales were used to gather data, English and Technology Attitudes Scale (ETAS) by Kearney et al. (2020) and Autonomy Perception Scale by Demirtaş (2010). The data from the scales was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistical Package 22.0. The findings revealed that students mostly had very positive attitudes towards English and technology, and male students achieved significantly higher results in confidence in English and technology than female students. In addition, the students were not found to be effectively autonomous. Furthermore, there was a significant and positive relationship between autonomy and attitudes towards English and technology. It can be concluded that autonomy improves using technology to learn English, and students who use technology to learn English become more autonomous. Teachers are responsible for guiding their students in this process.
Розвиток - феномен буття, життя, людського інтелекту
Authors: Маленко Я.В. , Шуліка К.О.
Published: June 2022

Спроби вирішити парадокс розвитку проходять крізь всю історію філософської думки, людського інтелекту загалом. Це питання є другим, після питання про сутність буття, “каменем спотикання” для людського інтелекту. Незважаючи на велику кількість наукових праць та значні досягнення в області обґрунтування теоретичних основ розвитку, й натепер сутність його залишається до кінця не визначеною. Відсутність єдиного універсального підходу та суперечливість деяких визначень поняття “розвиток” є широким полем подальших ґрунтовних досліджень з метою створення уніфікованого теоретичного підгрунття, побудованого з урахуванням багатоаспектності та багатогранності розвитку.
Methodology of studying the value-semantic readiness for learning
Authors: Horbachova Olha Iu. , Miroshnyk Zoia M. , Soshyna Yuliia M.
Published: June 2022

The article represents methodological substantiation and results of approbation of the diagnostic tool for studying of psychological readiness of preschool age children to training at school. The presented work is a continuation of scientific research in the direction of expanding the structure of psychological readiness for school through addition of its value-semantic component, as well as creation of a tool for its measurement. In the process of developing the methodology for diagnosing the value-semantic component of the psychological readiness for learning, the author relies on the age-related psychological characteristics of a preschool age child, which are oriented toward the choice of projective technology. In addition to this, the theoretical basis for the methodology creation was the author's vision of the content of value-semantic component of psychological readiness for learning, which constitutes an activity dynamic conceptual system of ``study``, containing a set of such values: health, active and productive life, cognition, politeness, education, tenacity. The article provides a thorough description of all the stages of the methodology development, accompanied by the results of an empirical study of its accuracy, reliability, and validity. Author's methodology of studying the value-semantic readiness for learning contains two sets of twenty-four pictures in each according to the gender of the testee with the instruction to them. Based on the results of the methodology standardization, the forms for fixing the results of the study, as well as the decil norms for each component of the value-semantic readiness for learning (affective and cognitive), and its general index are presented.
Visión desde Terapia Ocupacional en la creación de empresa
Authors: Arévalo López María Camila , Ordoñez Satizabal Teófila Yulieth , Rivera Cuaspud Estefany Lisbeth
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad, dar a conocer la importancia de crear empresa o emprender proyectos novedosos para Terapeutas Ocupacionales y los futuros profesionales, como también, para las personas que se benefician de estas iniciativas. Realizando una investigación teórica, se tiene como propósito, indagar sobre el buen papel que desarrolla el terapeuta ocupacional en el ámbito social, especialmente, mejorando las condiciones de cada lector. Con esto se empieza realizando una revisión bibliográfica de la cual se tiene en cuenta revistas y páginas reconocidas que respaldan el escrito y el propósito, haciendo el seguimiento en bases de datos como Google Scholar, Scielo y DOAJ, como también, definiendo el conocimiento de emprendimiento y las razones que las personas utilizan como motivación para tener la iniciativa de un proyecto que beneficie a la persona misma y a la sociedad.
Desarrollar mentalidad emprendedora
Authors: Ortiz Arcos Juanita Lucía
Published: June 2022

En Colombia, el emprendimiento es una opción de vida, como consecuencia del alto índice de desempleo. Las personas buscan salir adelante por sus propios medios. El gobierno, a raíz de la pandemia generada por el COVID-19, ha implementado cursos y estrategias para mejorar el desarrollo de productos innovadores, haciendo que la gente se motive y saque nuevos productos, estrategia que se debe fomentar desde las escuelas, para crear una mentalidad emprendedora.

La creación de empresa ayuda al avance económico de un país, al tiempo que influencia positivamente a nivel social y económico, generando oportunidades de trabajo, mejorando la calidad de vida, disminuyendo la pobreza, innovando en modelos de negocio.

Para un desarrollo eficaz, se requiere empezar a capacitar a los niños desde temprana edad, para reforzar su autoestima y llevarlos a salir adelante, despertando su creatividad, actitud, capacidad de observar, cambiando su mentalidad para poder organizarse y tener disciplina, creando una mentalidad emprendedora que puede llevar, a futuro, al éxito de las empresas y a mejorar el manejo directivo.
Emprendimiento y empleo informal, un incentivo para la economía
Authors: Hernández Yépez Liliana Marcela , Basante López Sthepanny
Published: June 2022

En Colombia, el empleo es uno de los temas más importantes en los debates políticos, sociales y económicos, ya que afecta a la población en su conjunto; sin embargo, el temido desempleo presenta unas cifras cada vez más altas y constantes en el tiempo, debido a distintos factores. Desde el comienzo de la pandemia desencadenada por el COVID-19, por ejemplo, se presentó el desempleo como una de las mayores consecuencias debido a recortes de personal, restricciones sanitarias y restricción y persecución hacia los vendedores ambulantes, aunque es claro que, el problema del desempleo es una constante en Colombia, así como el empleo informal, como medida para subsanar las necesidades derivadas de la falta de empleo.
Emprendimiento e innovación en el contexto colombiano
Authors: Cerón David Sebastián , Mora Dayana Ximena
Published: June 2022

Mediante este artículo se pretende dar una apreciación de lo que es el emprendimiento y las distintas clases que existen, conocer las razones de por qué una persona a veces opta por emprender un nuevo reto en su vida, ya sea por necesidad o por conveniencia. Es importante resaltar algunas de las ventajas que llevan a una independencia económica: libertad de horarios, posibilidad de manejar sus propios tiempos, proyectar mejor su vida y el tiempo que le dedica a la familia y, también, contar con la posibilidad de proyectar objetivos a largo y corto plazo, sin desconocer que, también se debe tener en cuenta las desventajas: si una persona decide escoger el camino de emprender e innovar, ha de asumir riesgos y responsabilidades.
La multidimensionalidad del emprendimiento en la economía y nivel personal
Authors: Arciniegas Juan Pablo , Hernández Karen Daniela , Meneses Angie Melissa
Published: June 2022

Muchas personas experimentan, en algún momento de su vida, insatisfacción en el trabajo que realizan, y esto las ha impulsado a pensar en ser sus propios jefes y tener control sobre su tiempo; en otras palabras, construir y generar su propio negocio y, ¿por qué no?, emprender, ¿por qué no?, desarrollar habilidades a nivel personal, como la creatividad y la iniciativa que tiene cada quien. Por otra parte, las distintas variables de la economía permiten que surjan muchas personas emprendedoras, personas que no encuentran un trabajo fijo y deciden crear un proyecto, para poder garantizar su estabilidad laboral y generar ingresos; se puede, entonces, analizar si este tipo de motivación genera emprendimientos a corto plazo o largo plazo.
La tecnología como una oportunidad para el emprendimientoa tecnología como una oportunidad para el emprendimiento
Authors: Realpe Zambrano Paola Andrea , Ñañez Muñoz Jhonatan Franky
Published: June 2022

Este artículo se enfoca en describir los beneficios y las oportunidades que el avance de la tecnología ha brindado en la creación de empresas y el desarrollo de proyectos, teniendo en cuenta datos confiables que han sido registrados sobre este tema, además de la redacción de diversos factores que influyen en el emprendimiento.

En la actualidad, existen muchos negocios y empresas que se encargan de ofrecer un producto o un servicio, con el propósito de satisfacer una necesidad y, gracias al avance tecnológico y la comunicación digital, se ha abordado muchos proyectos e ideas innovadoras que han influido de manera positiva en la economía y el desarrollo a nivel mundial. Un ejemplo claro de los beneficios que aporta el desarrollo del emprendimiento se evidenció cuando sucedió el caso de la pandemia por el COVID-19. Debido a la cuarentena, muchos negocios quedaron en quiebra, produciendo grandes pérdidas económicas y un aumento en la tasa de desempleo, pero, poco después, surgieron ideas emprendedoras con nuevos proyectos que se relacionaban con la venta de productos de forma digital, lo que tuvo un gran éxito.
Efectos financieros COVID-19, sector hotelero en el Valle de Sibundoy, Putumayo
Authors: Luna Zenon Zenith Yamileth , Jajoy Mavisoy Adriana Marcela , Bennett Muñoz John Ernesto
Published: June 2022

El sector hotelero turístico en la actualidad, proporciona medios de subsistencia para muchas familias y, a su vez, agrupa actividades económicas como la gastronomía, el transporte, el comercio de bienes y servicios, entre otros, además de permitir a los viajeros, apreciar diversas culturas, idiosincrasias, usos y costumbres de cada una de las regiones de nuestra hermosa Colombia. Este sector representa un gran porcentaje dentro de la economía nacional y, para nadie es desconocido que, los efectos causados por el COVID-19 fueron, en gran proporción, los principales factores que desencadenaron impactos económicos, sociales y culturales negativos, dado que muchos sitios emblemáticos y de patrimonio nacional tuvieron que ser cerrados temporalmente, alterando el cronograma de actividades propias de cada región y el auge del turismo en las mismas. Con estos acontecimientos, muchas de las empresas tuvieron que elaborar estrategias para adaptarse a los cambios que esto trajo consigo y, con ello, la necesidad de indagar dentro de este campo, los efectos financieros ocasionados por dicha situación. Si bien el gobierno colombiano ha adoptado medidas para afrontar las consecuencias de esta pandemia, estas no han sido suficientes y no han coadyuvado a minimizar el impacto generado por estos eventos adversos y, peor aún, para zonas como las del departamento del Putumayo y, en especial, el Valle de Sibundoy.
Formalización y responsabilidades fiscales en la extracción del oro en Mallama
Authors: García Palacios Deisy Yadira , Rojas Martínez Luisa Fernanda , Botina Nubia Julieth
Published: June 2022

Colombia es un país rico en naturaleza; su diversidad destaca en muchos ámbitos, entre ellos la explotación de minas de carbón, esmeraldas, petróleo, oro, entre otros. Teniendo en cuenta estos aspectos, se ha logrado analizar la limitada explotación legal de estas minas, a más del hecho de que, en su gran mayoría, son empresas extranjeras las encargadas de realizar la explotación. Sin embargo, son muchos los pequeños mineros que las explotan de manera artesanal, quienes, a pesar de beneficiarse de este trabajo, han omitido la legalidad; esto sucede en varias zonas de Colombia, como es el caso del municipio de Mallama, ubicado en el departamento de Nariño.

Se observa la situación en la que se encuentra esta zona del departamento de Nariño, frente a la formalidad en la explotación del oro, para lo cual es necesario emplear un tipo de investigación descriptiva que permita identificar, recopilar y analizar la información, tanto de cómo actualmente está el proceso en la extracción y explotación de minas, como del proceso de formalización de las personas naturales para la extracción de oro y sus responsabilidades fiscales en el municipio de Mallama. Para esto se llevó a cabo actividades como: el reconocimiento de las personas naturales que se dedican a la actividad minera, el conocimiento de los tipos de sociedades más favorables para su labor y, determinar cuáles son las responsabilidades fiscales en este proceso.
Análisis del régimen simple de tributación y régimen ordinario en MEDIMAGENES S.A.S.
Authors: Bernal Toledo Nohora Jimena , Reina Estrada Jimmy Anderson , Moncayo Riascos Christian Abraham
Published: June 2022

En el sector Salud, la gran mayoría de las empresas tributa bajo el régimen ordinario, debido al desconocimiento o falta de capacitación del régimen simple de tributación por parte de los asesores financieros, lo cual podría perjudicarlas financieramente; esto conlleva el análisis tributario de los dos regímenes en la planeación tributaria de la empresa MEDIMAGENES S.A.S. El presente artículo es de tipo analítico descriptivo y explicativo. Con la entrada en vigencia de la Ley de Financiamiento 1943 de 2018, en su artículo 66, el gobierno crea el Régimen Simple de Tributación, cuyo objetivo es reducir las cargas formales y sustanciales de los contribuyentes, ofreciendo opciones de mejoras, tanto en tarifas como en pagos, la unificación de varios impuestos y, la simplificación en el sistema de liquidación. Es responsabilidad del profesional contable, ofrecer un servicio integral en la asesoría financiera y contable y, no solo cumplir con la norma tributaria.