bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free amino acids quantification in cloud water at the puy de Dôme station (France)
Authors: Renard Pascal , Brissy Maxence , Rossi Florent , Leremboure Martin , Jaber Saly , Baray Jean-Luc , Bianco Angelica , Delort Anne-Marie , Deguillaume Laurent
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Eighteen free amino acids (FAAs) were quantified in cloud water sampled at the puy de Dôme station (PUY – France) during 13 cloud events. This quantification has been performed without concentration neither derivatization, using LC-MS and the standard addition method to avoid matrix effects. Total concentrations of FAAs (TCAAs) vary from 1.2 µM to 7.7 µM, Ser (Serine) being the most abundant AA (23.7 % in average) but with elevated standard deviation, followed by Glycine (Gly) (20.5 %), Alanine (Ala) (11.9 %), Asparagine (Asn) (8.7 %), and Leucine/Isoleucine (Leu/I) (6.4 %). The distribution of AAs among the cloud events reveals high variability. TCAA constitutes between 0.5 and 4.4 % of the dissolved organic carbon measured in the cloud samples. AAs quantification in cloud water is scarce but the results agree with the few studies that investigated AAs in this aqueous medium. The environmental variability is assessed through a statistical analysis. This work shows that AAs are correlated with the time spent by the air masses in the boundary layer, especially over the sea surface before reaching the PUY. The cloud microphysical properties fluctuation does not explain the AAs variability in our samples confirming previous studies at PUY. We finally assessed the sources and the atmospheric processes that potentially explain the prevailing presence of certain AAs in the cloud samples. The initial relative distribution of AAs in biological matrices (proteins extracted from bacterial cells or mammalian cells, for example) could explain the dominance of Ala, Gly and Leu/I. AA composition of aquatic organisms (i.e., diatoms species) could also explain the high concentrations of Ser in our samples. The analysis of the AAs hydropathy also indicates a higher contribution of AAs (80 % in average) that are hydrophilic or neutral revealing the fact that other AAs (hydrophobic) are less favorably incorporated into cloud droplets. Finally, the atmospheric aging of AAs has been evaluated by calculating atmospheric lifetimes considering their potential transformation in the cloud medium by biotic or abiotic (mainly oxidation) processes. The most concentrated AAs encountered in our samples present the longest atmospheric lifetimes and the less dominant are clearly efficiently transformed in the atmosphere, potentially explaining their low concentrations. However, this cannot fully explain the relative contribution of several AAs in the cloud samples. This reveals the high complexity of the bio-physico-chemical processes occurring in the multiphasic atmospheric environment.
Iodide CIMS and m∕z 62: the detection of HNO3 as NO3− in the presence of PAN, peroxyacetic acid and ozone
Authors: Dörich Raphael , Eger Philipp , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (CIMS) using I− (the iodide anion), hereafter I-CIMS, as a primary reactant ion has previously been used to measure NO3 and N2O5 both in laboratory and field experiments. We show that reports of large daytime mixing ratios of
NO3 and N2O5 (both usually present in detectable amounts only at night) are likely to be heavily biased by the ubiquitous presence of HNO3 in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. We demonstrate in a series of laboratory experiments that the CIMS detection of HNO3 at m/z 62 using I− ions is efficient in the presence of peroxy acetyl nitric anhydride (PAN) or peroxyacetic acid (PAA) and especially O3. We have characterised the dependence of the sensitivity to HNO3 detection on the presence of acetate anions (CH3CO2-, m/z 59, from either PAN or PAA). The loss of CH3CO2- via conversion to NO3- in the presence of HNO3 may represent a significant bias in I-CIMS measurements of PAN and PAA in which continuous calibration (e.g. via addition of isotopically labelled PAN) is not carried out. The greatest sensitivity to HNO3 at m/z 62 is achieved in the presence of ambient levels of O3 whereby the thermodynamically disfavoured, direct reaction of I− with HNO3 to form NO3- is bypassed by the formation of IOx-, which reacts with HNO3 to form, for example, iodic acid and NO3-. The ozone and humidity dependence of the detection of HNO3 at m/z 62 was characterised in laboratory experiments and applied to daytime, airborne measurements in which good agreement with measurements of the I−(HNO3) cluster ion (specific for HNO3 detection) was obtained. At high ozone mixing ratios, we show that the concentration of I− ions in our ion–molecule reactor (IMR) is significantly depleted. This is not reflected by changes in the measured I− signal at m/z 127 as the IOx- formed
does not survive passage through the instrument but is likely detected after fragmentation to I−. This may result in a bias in measurements of trace gases using I-CIMS in stratospheric air masses unless a calibration gas is
continuously added or the impact of O3 on sensitivity is characterised.
Investigation of a Saharan dust plume in Western Europe by remote sensing and transport modelling
Authors: Zhang Hengheng , Wagner Frank , Saathoff Harald , Vogel Heike , Hoshyaripour Gholam Ali , Bachmann Vanessa , Förstner Jochen , Leisner Thomas
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The evolution and the properties of a Saharan dust plume were studied near the city of Karlsruhe in south-west Germany (8.4298° E, 49.0953° N) from April 7 to 9, 2018 combining a scanning LIDAR (90°, 30°), a vertical LIDAR (90°), a sun photometer, and the transport model ICON-ART. The LIDAR measurements show that the dust particles had backscatter coefficients of 0.86 ± 0.14 Mm−1 Sr−1, an extinction coefficient of 40 ± 0.8 Mm−1, a LIDAR ratio of 46 ± 5 sr, and a particle depolarization ratio of 0.33 ± 0.07. These values are in good agreement with those obtained in previous studies of Saharan dust plumes in Western Europe. Compared to the remote sensing measurements, the model simulation predicts the plume arrival time, its layer height, and structure very well but overestimates the backscatter coefficient. In this manuscript, we discuss the complementarity and advantages of the different measurement methods as well model simulations to predict Saharan dust plumes. Main conclusions are that the ICON-ART model can predict the structure of Saharan dust plumes very well but overestimates the backscatter coefficients by a factor of 2.2 ± 0.16 at 355 nm and underestimates the aerosol optical depth (AOD) by a factor of 1.5 ± 0.11 at 340 nm for this Saharan dust plume event. Employing a scanning aerosol LIDAR allows determining backscatter coefficient, particle depolarization ratio and especially LIDAR ratio of Saharan dust both for daytime and nighttime independently. Combining LIDAR with sun photometer data allows constraining aerosol optical depth in different ways and determining column integrated LIDAR ratios. These comprehensive datasets allow for a better understanding of Saharan dust plumes in Western Europe.
A seamless ensemble-based reconstruction of surface ocean pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes over the global coastal and open oceans
Authors: Chau Thi Tuyet Trang , Gehlen Marion , Chevallier Frédéric
Published: August 2021

Abstract. We have estimated the air–sea CO2 fluxes (fgCO2) over the global ocean from the open sea to the continental shelves. Fluxes and associated uncertainty were computed from an ensemble-based reconstruction of CO2 sea surface partial pressure (pCO2) maps trained with observations from the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas v2020 database. The ensemble mean (which is the best estimate provided by the approach) fits independent data well and a broad agreement between the spatial distribution of model-data differences and the ensemble standard deviations (which are our model uncertainty estimate) is seen. The space-time varying uncertainty fields identify oceanic regions where improvements in data reconstruction and extensions of the observational network are needed. Poor reconstructions of pCO2 are primarily found over the coasts and/or in regions with sparse observations, while fgCO2 estimates with largest uncertainty are observed over the open Southern Ocean (44° S southward), the subpolar regions, the Indian gyre, and upwelling systems. Our estimate of the global net sink for the period 1985–2019 is 1.643 ± 0.125 PgC yr−1 including 0.150 ± 0.010 PgC yr−1 for the coastal net sink. Results suggest that the open ocean Subtropical Pacific (between 18° N–49° N) has the strongest CO2 sink (0.485 ± 0.014 PgC yr−1) among the basins of the world, followed by the open ocean sub-basins in the Southern hemisphere. The coastal Subpolar Atlantic (between 49° N–76° N) is the most significant coastal net sink, amounting to one third of the total coastal uptake; the northern Pacific continental shelves (north of 18° N) are the next contributors. The Equatorial Pacific (between 18° S–18° N) is the predominant source emitting 0.523 ± 0.016 PgC yr−1 of CO2 back to the atmosphere. Based on the mean flux density per unit area, the most intense CO2 drawdown is, however, observed over the Arctic (76° N poleward) followed by the Subpolar Atlantic and Subtropical Pacific for both open ocean and coastal sectors. The mean efflux density over the Equatorial Pacific remains the highest, but similar densities can also be found along other strong upwelling systems in the equatorial band.
CH4 and N2O fluctuations during the penultimate deglaciation
Authors: Schmidely Loïc , Nehrbass-Ahles Christoph , Schmitt Jochen , Han Juhyeong , Silva Lucas , Shin Jinwha , Joos Fortunat , Chappellaz Jérôme , Fischer Hubertus , Stocker Thomas F.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Deglaciations are characterized by the largest natural changes in methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations of the past 800 000 years. Reconstructions of millennial- to centennial-scale variability within these periods are mostly restricted to the last deglaciation. In this study, we present composite records of CH4 and N2O concentrations from the EPICA Dome C ice core covering the penultimate deglaciation at temporal resolutions of ∼100 years. Our data permit the identification of centennial-scale fluctuations during the transition from glacial to interglacial levels. At ∼134 000 and ∼129 000 years before present (hereafter ka), both CH4 and N2O increased on centennial timescales. These abrupt rises are similar to the fluctuations associated with the Dansgaard–Oeschger events identified in the last glacial period. In addition, gradually rising N2O levels at ∼130 ka resemble a pattern of increasing N2O concentrations on millennial timescales characterizing the later part of Heinrich stadials. Overall, the events in CH4 and N2O during the penultimate deglaciation exhibit modes of variability that are also found during the last deglaciation and glacial cycle, suggesting that the processes leading to changes in emission during the transitions were similar but their timing differed.
Central Himalayan rivers record the topographic signature of erosion by glacial lake outburst floods
Authors: Dahlquist Maxwell P. , West A. Joshua
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In steep landscapes, river incision sets the pace of landscape evolution. Transport of coarse sediment controls incision by evacuating material delivered to river channels by landslides. However, large landslide-derived boulders that impede bedrock erosion are immobile even in major runoff-driven floods. Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) mobilize these boulders and drive incision, yet their role in regional-scale erosion is poorly understood, largely because of their rarity. Here, we find a topographic signature consistent with widespread GLOF erosion in the Nepal Himalaya. In rivers with glaciated headwaters that generate GLOFs, valleys stay narrow and relatively free of sediment, with bedrock often exposed to erosion. In turn, tributaries to these valleys are steep, allowing less efficient erosional regimes to keep pace with GLOF-driven incision. Where GLOFs are less frequent, valleys are more alluviated and incision stalls. Our results suggest the extent of headwater glaciation may play an important role in erosion of Himalayan river valleys and deserves more attention in future work.
Topographic disequilibrium, landscape dynamics and active tectonics: an example from the Bhutan Himalaya
Authors: Simoes Martine , Sassolas-Serrayet Timothée , Cattin Rodolphe , Le Roux-Mallouf Romain , Ferry Matthieu , Drukpa Dowchu
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The quantification of active tectonics from geomorphological and morphometric approaches commonly implies that erosion and tectonics have reached a certain balance. Such equilibrium conditions are however rare in nature, as questioned and documented by recent theoretical studies indicating that drainage basins may be perpetually re-arranging even though tectonic and climatic conditions remain constant. Here, we document these drainage dynamics in the Bhutan Himalaya, where evidence for out-of-equilibrium morphologies have for long been noticed, from major (> 1 km high) river knickpoints and from high-altitude low-relief regions in the mountain hinterland. To further characterize these morphologies and their dynamics, we perform field observations and a detailed quantitative morphometric analysis using χ plots and Gilbert metrics of drainages over various spatial scales, from major Himalayan rivers to their tributaries draining the low-relief regions. We first find that the river network is highly dynamic and unstable, with much evidence of divide migration and river captures. The landscape response to these dynamics is relatively rapid. Our results do not support the idea of a general wave of incision propagating upstream, as expected from most previous interpretations. Also, the specific spatial organization in which all major knickpoints and low-relief regions are located along a longitudinal band in the Bhutan hinterland, whatever their spatial scale and the dimensions of the associated drainage basins, calls for a common local supporting mechanism most probably related to active tectonic uplift. From there, we discuss possible interpretations of the observed landscape in Bhutan. Our results emphasize the need for a precise documentation of landscape dynamics and disequilibrium over various spatial scales as a first step in morpho-tectonic studies of active landscapes.
The importance of vegetation to understand terrestrial water storage variations
Authors: Trautmann Tina , Koirala Sujan , Carvalhais Nuno , Güntner Andreas , Jung Martin
Published: August 2021

Abstract. So far, various studies aimed at decomposing the integrated terrestrial water storage variations observed by satellite gravimetry (GRACE, GRACE-FO) with the help of large-scale hydrological models. While the results of the storage decomposition depend on model structure, little attention has been given to the impact of the way how vegetation is represented in these models. Although vegetation structure and activity represent the crucial link between water, carbon and energy cycles, their representation in large-scale hydrological models remains a major source of uncertainty. At the same time, the increasing availability and quality of Earth observation-based vegetation data provide valuable information with good prospects for improving model simulations and gaining better insights into the role of vegetation within the global water cycle. In this study, we use observation-based vegetation information such as vegetation indices and rooting depths for spatializing the parameters of a simple global hydrological model to define infiltration, root water uptake and transpiration processes. The parameters are further constrained by considering observations of terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWS), soil moisture, evapotranspiration (ET) and gridded runoff (Q) estimates in a multi-criteria calibration approach. We assess the implications of including vegetation on the simulation results, with a particular focus on the partitioning between water storage components. To isolate the effect of vegetation, we compare a model experiment with vegetation parameters varying in space and time to a baseline experiment in which all parameters are calibrated as static, globally uniform values. Both experiments show good overall performance, but including vegetation data led to even better performance and more physically plausible parameter values. Largest improvements regarding TWS and ET were seen in supply-limited (semi-arid) regions and in the tropics, whereas Q simulations improve mainly in northern latitudes. While the total fluxes and storages are similar, accounting for vegetation substantially changes the contributions of snow and different soil water storage components to the TWS variations, with the dominance of an intermediate water pool that interacts with the fast plant accessible soil moisture and the delayed water storage. The findings indicate the important role of deeper moisture storages as well as groundwater-soil moisture-vegetation interactions as a key to understanding TWS variations. We highlight the need for further observations to identify the adequate model structure rather than only model parameters for a reasonable representation and interpretation of vegetation-water interactions.
Relative importance of tropopause structure and diabatic heating for baroclinic instability
Authors: Haualand Kristine Flacké , Spengler Thomas
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Misrepresentations of wind shear and stratification around the tropopause in numerical weather prediction models can lead to errors in potential vorticity gradients with repercussions for Rossby wave propagation and baroclinic instability. Using a diabatic extension of the linear quasi-geostrophic Eady model featuring a tropopause, we investigate the influence of such discrepancies on baroclinic instability by varying tropopause sharpness and altitude as well as wind shear and stratification in the lower stratosphere, which can be associated with model or data assimilation errors or a downward extension of a weakened polar vortex. We find that baroclinic development is less sensitive to tropopause sharpness than to modifications in wind shear and stratification in the lower stratosphere, where the latter are associated with a net change in the vertical integral of the horizontal potential vorticity gradient across the tropopause. To further quantify the relevance of these sensitivities, we compare these findings to the impact of including mid-tropospheric latent heating. For representative modifications of wind shear, stratification, and latent heating intensity, the sensitivity of baroclinic instability to tropopause structure is significantly less than that to latent heating of different intensities. These findings indicate that tropopause sharpness might be less important for baroclinic development than previously anticipated and that latent heating and the structure in the lower stratosphere could play a more crucial role, with latent heating being the dominant factor.
THE CO-EMERGENCE OF AGGREGATE AND MODELLING REASONING
Authors: ARIDOR KEREN , BEN-ZVI DANI
Published: August 2021

This article examines how two processes – reasoning with statistical modelling of a real phenomenon and aggregate reasoning – can co-emerge. We focus in this case study on the emergent reasoning of two fifth graders (aged 10) involved in statistical data analysis, informal inference, and modelling activities using TinkerPlotsTM. We describe nine phases of the students’ articulations of aggregate and modelling reasoning as they explored a small sample, constructed a model and generated random samples from this model to examine its validity. These phases are distinguished by the students’ views toward data, variability, and models. We discuss implications and limitations of the results. Despite the idiosyncrasy of the case, the lessons are important because they open a new direction for research about reasoning with data and models.
First published November 2017 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
MODELING SIGNAL-NOISE PROCESSES SUPPORTS STUDENT CONSTRUCTION OF A HIERARCHICAL IMAGE OF SAMPLE
Authors: LEHRER RICHARD
Published: August 2021

Grade 6 (modal age 11) students invented and revised models of the variability generated as each measured the perimeter of a table in their classroom. To construct models, students represented variability as a linear composite of true measure (signal) and multiple sources of random error. Students revised models by developing sampling  distributions of model-generated statistics to judge model fit and validity. After instruction, interviews with 12 students were conducted to learn how they conceived of relations among chance, modeling, and inference. Most students’ inferences were guided by a hierarchical image of sample, a perspective constituted through their  understandings of modeling variability as signal and noise.
First published November 2017 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
Six corporeal curiosities: re/presenting contemporary South African embodiment
Authors: Lever Carla
Published: August 2021

After two colonial occupations, one systematically brutal racial segregation campaign

and two decades of democracy, there is no wonder that contemporary South Africa is

characterised by complex, hybrid identities. This paper connects this past and present

though the lens of embodiment, taking six snapshots that tell significant stories of South

African bodies that span time and place. Together, slowly, these bodies create a corporeal

dialogue, a weaving in of various writing practices and around the issue of embodiment

in space and time. In the interplay between their differing levels of contextual strangeness

in these narratives, I hope to reflect a certain social estrangement that characterises

something of a country in its third decade.
Time and the making and remaking of the feminine gendered subject in Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight saga
Authors: Lowe Kristal
Published: August 2021

Philosophy has a long tradition of speculating on the complexities of time and its

impacts on individuals and a number of theorists have identified the critical role of

temporality in the process of becoming and being a coherent and unified self or subject.

Writers have a strong record of unpacking these ideas. The role and importance of

temporality in becoming and being a female gendered subject has also been the topic

of some recent feminist debate, and theorists such as Simone de Beauvoir, Luce

Irigaray and Elizabeth Grosz have argued that specific configurations of temporality,

such as more linear configurations, with separated zones for the past, present and future,

have proved challenging to the process of being and becoming a female gendered

subject. Popular creative writing is an excellent mirror to reflect the dominant concepts,

beliefs and values of its society, and a critical reading of popular fiction productions

provides interesting insight into the complex way that time enables and disables the

female gendered subject. Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight saga is a tale of female becoming,

and chronicles the development of the awkward and vulnerable teenager Bella Swan

into the confident and invulnerable adult vampire Bella Cullen. Time and its effects on

the female subject play an interesting role in the motivation for – as well as the process

of – Bella’s subjective becoming, and factors such as aging and the decaying female

body, as well as childbirth and maternity and their relationship to cyclical

configurations of time, are crucial to Bella’s transformation.
Body as spirit: Lars Von Trier’s Nymphomaniac and Hegel’s Phenomenology
Authors: Wansbrough A. Andreas
Published: August 2021

Lars von Trier’s film, Nymphomaniac, explores a female protagonist’s, Joe’s, bodily

suffering and pleasure from the age of two to fifty. We are first introduced to Joe by her

beaten body. Joe is found by Seligman who wants to hear her story. This story, which

concerns her sexual journeys, has a strong metaphysical component and involves a type

of spiritual self-laceration through the body. While one may expect a film about sex to

concern the orgasmic, the film instead shows a failed attempt at union. Using Hegel’s

account of the Geist’s (Spirit/Mind’s) enervation in _Phänomenologie des Geistes/The

Phenomenology of Spirit_, I will contend that Lars von Trier’s film is about starvation as

much as it is about excess, both bodily and psychical. Hegel describes Geist as defeated

in its triumph and always looking for a fulfillment that cannot occur. While Hegel does

provide a teleological narrative of the human spirit’s movement, spiritual perfection –

Geist’s union with its surroundings – is always in some sense beyond the Geist. Likewise,

Nymphomaniac’s narrative moves through time, but is empty of any sense of place. This

article argues that Joe is forever a purgatorial identity, a physical manifestation of

tortured Hegelian Geist.
May 68: Parodic rehearsals of the future in Lacan and Duras
Authors: Hecq Dominique
Published: August 2021

Within the context of May 1968, Lacan’s The Other Side of Psychoanalysis (1969-70) and Duras’ Destroy, She Said (1969) are significant titles. They describe a time of profound socio-political disruption and irruption. They signify a rupture with history that manifests itself in parodic terms, announcing further textual revisions and reversions while bearing witness to a desire for the radicalisation of conceptions of difference. Fifty years on, these works appear as traversed and gathered together by a consistent intentional movement visible through a multiplicity of parodic manoeuvres now perceived as ‘style’. This understanding becomes possible through an interpretation of language that does not suppose a conscious subject who expresses it: ‘style’ speaks itself and ‘it’ writes itself. This is the condition of its transgressive force and authority. It is a style that repudiates the idea of accepted, institutionalised, or canonised form. It is therefore possible to read the style of Lacan and Duras as a symbolic stripping of established socio-political structures that paradoxically unveils more questions than those activated by the May events. This paper explores the capacity to revolutionise in texts by Lacan and Duras produced around May ’68 which have had an enduring impact on literature, literary theory and critical inquiry.
Argentina en el contexto de crisis y transición energética
Authors: Nogar Ada Graciela , Clementi Luciana Vanesa , Decunto Elías Valentín
Published: August 2021

A comienzos del Siglo XXI las sociedades se enfrentan al desafío de reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero para evitar una catástrofe global. La generación de energía a partir de fuentes fósiles representa una de las principales actividades responsables de estas emisiones. Es por ello, que la implementación de tecnologías renovables es una de las estrategias para iniciar una transición energética que contribuya en la lucha contra el cambio climático. El artículo tiene como objetivo explorar la crisis energética global, haciendo hincapié en los impactos asociados y las alternativas de tránsito hacia un sistema sostenible, para analizar la situación de Argentina en este contexto a partir de las transformaciones del sistema eléctrico. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión documental, recurriendo a diversas fuentes y datos secundarios. En el marco de un escenario energético mundial en transición, Argentina lleva adelante diferentes políticas para alcanzar una matriz eléctrica más diversa y limpia. Ello se refleja en el récord de generación renovable alcanzado y en la reglamentación de la generación distribuida. Un compromiso político a mediano y largo plazo será fundamental para continuar favoreciendo la descarbonización y descentralización del sistema eléctrico argentino.
Gambeteando la reserva: conflictos ambientales y urbanización de humedales. El caso de la Laguna de Rocha (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: Caruso Sergio Adrián
Published: August 2021

En las últimas décadas los humedales de Argentina se han caracterizado por ser espacios de marcada conflictividad ambiental, en particular sobre aquellos localizados en las inmediaciones del Aglomerado Gran Buenos Aires. Estos sitios que tradicionalmente habían sido urbanizados por los grupos menos beneficiados, en tiempo de Neoliberalismo comenzaron a ser valorizados e incorporados al ejido de la ciudad por nuevos actores sociales mejores posicionados en términos socioeconómicos y en el marco de las relaciones de poder. Desde finales de la década de 1990 en adelante, diversas organizaciones civiles, siguiendo los preceptos de la Convención Ramsar, vienen demandando la conservación de los remanentes humedales del aglomerado mediante parques y reservas. Por consiguiente, estas áreas se tornaron en espacios de disputa entre diversos actores sociales con intereses, lógicas y posicionamientos contrapuestos que derivaron en conflictos ambientales. La Laguna de Rocha es un referente empírico de lo hasta aquí señalado. Por tanto, este trabajo tiene por objetivo caracterizar el proceso de urbanización y de conservación de estas tierras inundables haciendo hincapié en el conflicto ambiental relativo a la cesión terrenos de la Laguna de Rocha declarados por ley como reserva a favor de la Asociación Civil Racing Club.
La cultura como recurso turístico. Actores y discursos en el proceso de nominación de los clubes de remo del municipio de tigre como Patrimonio de la Humanidad de la UNESCO
Authors: Gorgone Aluminé , Becka Leandro , Barrios Diego , Darago Luisina , Salessi María Lucila
Published: August 2021

En 2015, el gobierno municipal de Tigre llevó a cabo el proceso de inscripción de la “Ciudad de Tigre y sus clubes de remo” a la Lista Indicativa del Patrimonio Mundial de UNESCO. Dicho proceso se fundamentó en un intercambio de valores humanos, expresados en el paisaje urbano y en la arquitectura, donde la ciudad se consolidó como un centro turístico y deportivo relacionado con el medio ambiente fluvial. En este sentido, los clubes de remo establecidos entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX por las colectividades europeas ocupan un lugar central en la propuesta. El presente trabajo constituye una aproximación a un caso inscripto dentro de procesos globales de nuevos usos de la “cultura”, patrimonialización y turistificación, con el paradigma del turismo como impulsor de desarrollo. Mediante un enfoque cualitativo se indaga en estos procesos partiendo del punto de vista de los actores intervinientes en la arena turística patrimonial de Tigre. Como conclusión, se arriba a diferentes manifestaciones en donde se ponen en tensión el uso turístico del patrimonio con procesos identitarios, correspondientes a diversos modos de entender y vivir la “cultura”. Estas cuestiones a su vez se inscriben en una politización no sólo de la “cultura”, sino también de la “identidad “y de la “comunidad”.
Green Synthesis of SnO2/Carbon Quantum Dots Nanocomposite for Gas Sensing Application
Authors: Prajapati Hare Narayan , Khiriya Pradeep Kumar , Tripathi Gagan Kant
Published: August 2021

SnO2/Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using grape fruit juice. The nanocomposites (NC) were characterized by means of XRD and Gas sensing properties. The sensor devices were fabricated using SnO2/CQDs NC as sensing materials. The effect of the CQDs content on the gas-sensing responses and the gas-sensing selectivity was investigated. In this work, the gas sensor developed is exposed to carbon monoxide polluting gas like at different temperatures to determine the optimum operating temperatures which allow obtaining the highest sensitivity for gas.

Keywords: Green synthesis, Grape fruit, SnO2 nanoparticles, CQDs, Gas sensor.
The Effect of Cash Conversion Cycle and Chief Executive Officer Power on Financial Distress and Leverage an Intervening Variable
Authors: Sari Fitri Indah , Damayanti R. A. , Kusumawati Andi
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine and analyze (1) the effect of the cash conversion cycle on financial distress, (2) the effect of chief executive officer power on financial distress, (3) the effect of the cash conversion cycle on leverage, (4) the effect of chief executive officer power on leverage (5) Effect of cash conversion cycle on leverage (6) Effect of cash conversion cycle on financial distress through leverage (7) Effect of chief executive officer power on financial distress through leverage.
This research is a type of quantitative research. In this study using agency theory and stakeholder theory. The population in this study were all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2016-2020. The sample determination in this study used purposive sampling with a sample size of 80. The research data is secondary data accessed through www.idx.co.id. The results showed that the cash conversion cycle had a positive and significant effect on financial distress. Chief executive officer power has a positive and significant effect on financial distress. Cash conversion cycle has a positive and significant effect on leverage. Cash conversion cycle has a negative effect on leverage. Cash conversion cycle has a positive effect on financial distress through leverage. Chief executive officer power has a negative effect on financial distress through leverage.

Keywords: Cash Conversion Cycle, Chief Executive Officer Power, Financial Distress, Leverage.
Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Type 1 and Type 2 Hepatorenal Syndrome and Its Correlation with Kidney Function
Authors: Panggabean Lider Olmen , Siregar Gontar Alamsyah , Lindarto Dharma
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine the difference in urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (uNGAL) levels ​​in type 1 and type 2 Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) and determine the correlation between urinary NGAL and kidney function and the degree of liver disease severity in HRS patients.
Methods: A total of 26 patients consisting of 13 patients in each group, both in type 1 and type 2 HRS at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan City, Indonesia. Urine samples were taken for NGAL examination using the ELISA method. A blood sample is used to assess kidney function. Liver disease severity was measured using the Child-pugh score. Data were analyzed using statistical t-test independent and Pearson correlation test. A p value less than 0.05 was applied to each statistical test as significant.
Result: Total subjects consisted of 18 men and 8 women, with a mean age 57.5±8.91 years old. Hepatitis B virus was the most common etiology of liver cirrhosis in this study (53.8%) and the most degree of liver disease severity was Child-pugh C (65.4%). Urinary NGAL levels in type 1 HRS is significantly higher than type 2 (155.71±43.04 vs 105.85±32.32 ng/ml, p = 0.003). There was a positive correlation between uNGAL and serum creatinine (r = 0.488, P = 0.006). There was a positive correlation between uNGAL and Child-pugh score (r = 0.466, P = 0.008).
Conclusion: Urinary NGAL level in type 1 HRS is higher than type 2, there is a positive correlation between uNGAL and serum creatinine and Child-pugh score in HRS patients.

Keywords: Hepatorenal syndrome, urinary NGAL, Liver cirrhosis, kidney function.
Correlation of Albumin Serum Levels as Inflammation Marker with Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Value in Regular Hemodialysis Patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan
Authors: Hutasuhut Soraya Mourina , Nasution Alwi Thamrin , Nasution M. Feldy Gazaly
Published: August 2021

Background: One of the modalities of renal replacement therapy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is hemodialysis (HD). The role of inflammation in HD patients by uremic toxins and dialysis can be assessed by the marker of serum albumin. This inflammation also causes dysregulation of the hormone erythropoietin which results in increased variability or heterogeneity of red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Previous studies have revealed an association between RDW and albumin levels in regular HD patients which leads to increased patient morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the relationship between albumin serum levels and RDW as a marker of inflammation in regular HD patients.
Method: This was a cross sectional study design, conducted in June to August 2020 at the HD unit of Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan. Twenty subjects were included. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and T-test to find the correlation between albumin serum levels and RDW, and other variables.
Results: Of the 20 subjects taken based on consecutive sampling, the majority was male, 13 people (65%), mean age was 50.30 ± 12.57 years with the most comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus for 14 people (70%). The mean serum albumin level was 3.2 ± 0.65 mg/dl. The mean RDW value was 15.93 ± 1.87%. This study showed that there was a significant relationship between serum albumin levels and RDW values ​​(r = - 0.687; p = 0.001). RDW values ​​were also significantly associated with hemoglobin levels (r = 0.497; p = 0.026) and creatinine (r= 0.519; p= 0.019).
Conclusion: Albumin, hemoglobin, and creatinine levels were significantly associated with RDW values ​​in regular HD patients.

Keywords: inflammation, albumin, regular hemodialysis, RDW.
Consequences of the Adopted Fatal Addictive Duplet
Authors: Vanjari Nikhil Kumar , Sirichandana Gajjela , Shaik Asra
Published: August 2021

This review focus on strong association of smoking and alcohol use with a variety of adverse human health effects, most prominently with cancer and cardiovascular diseases and a number of negative outcomes as a risk factor for diseases and health impacts: crime, road incidence and for some, alcohol dependence. To keep track of alcohol consumption and smoking and its consequences and to raise awareness amongst the public and policy-makers, national monitoring systems to be developed. Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent throughout the world and is, perhaps, the greatest modifiable risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. Physicians, Pharmacists, Nurses and other healthcare providers have substantial opportunities to influence the pattern of smoking and alcohol usage.

Keywords: Alcohol, Smoking, Coronary Heart Disease, Hepatotoxicity, Cancer, Atherosclerosis, Cytochrome P450 enzymes, Alcohol-Drug Interactions, Smoking-Drug Interactions, Smoking and Alcohol Cessation.
A Comparative Evaluation of Macular Thickness after Phacoemulsification and Manual SICS in Diabetic Patients by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Biswas Saswati , Ingle Santosh Yadawrao , Das Samiran
Published: August 2021

Background: The main aim of the study is to compare the change in macular thickness after uncomplicated phacoemulsification versus uncomplicated manual SICS in known diabetic patients by optical coherence tomography
Methods: This study was an observational study involving 50 patients with each group having 25 patients. Group 1 was operated with Phacoemulsification through limbal 2.8 mm incision with Foldable PCIOL implantation. & Manual small incision cataract surgery through 5.5 to 6.5 mm incision with sclerocorneal tunnel with PMMA PCIOL implantation. For all patients, macular OCT was performed during preoperative period & post-op 1st day,7th day, 1st month, 3rd month & 6th month. Statistical software SPSS, version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: In both PHACO & SICS group MCFT rose steadily during post-operative period and SICS group shows high rise during follow up.The MCFT shows a difference between PHACO & SICS group with the highest MCFT observed in 1st month follow up i.e., 231.6 micrometer (SD ±7.831) in PHACO group & 241.64 (SD ±7.35) micrometer in SICS group. The MCFT returned to near pre-op value by the 6th month.
Conclusion: There is no effect of age and sex on macular thickness before and after in both PHACO and SICS groups. In SICS group significant macular thickness was observed as compared to PHACO group, so there should be more cautious to undertake SICS in those patients who are at risk of developing macular edema or who have a higher macular thickness as seen in diabetes patients.

Keywords: Phacoemulsification (PHACO), small incision cataract surgery (SICS), Cystoid macular edema.
Development of Arabic Language Teaching Materials with a Communicative Approach in the Language Dormitory of the Salafiyah Islamic Boarding School, Syafi'iyah, Sukerejo Situbondo
Authors: Maghviroh Nazilatil
Published: August 2021

The function of language Arabic as languages communication. And the proces of languages teaching nennds elements of support, incluiding teaching contens, because it is a medium that contains a variety of knowledge that must be mastered by student, therefore auther chosee the title Development of Arabic Contens Based on Communicative Aproach. This study used to find out how the process of Development of Arabic Contens Based on Communicative Aproach in Language Boarding school of Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Sukorejo Situbondo. The result of this study is from of product Arabic Language contens and exercies based on Communicative Aproach that can be received by students in Language Boarding school of Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Sukorejo Situbondo and they has a good respon for it because the majority of student (4,97 %)agreed that the contens and exercises that developed cans motivate and help them to communicate with the Arabic Language both speaking and writing.
Pembelajaran Cooperative Tipe Jigsaw Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Baihaki Imam
Published: August 2021

Penggunaan model pembelajaran pada proses pembelajaran merupakan hal yang utama. Ketika guru didalam kelas pada pembelajaran PAI tidak dapat menggunakan model pembelajaran yang inovatif maka ini berdampak pada hasil pembelajaran siswa yang menurun. Maka dari itu penelitian yang akan dilakukan bertujuan untuk menggunakan model pembelajaran yang inovatif, seperti model kooperatif tipe jigsaw dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini diterapkan di SMA Ibrahimy Sukorejo dengan subjek sebanyak 30 siswa di kelas X. Desain penelitian didasarkan pada desain hopkins yang melalui empat tahapan yaitu observasi, perencanaan, penerapan, refleksi. Untuk memperoleh data penelitian maka peneliti menggunakan instrumen tes objektif pilihan gandak, observasi dan wawancara kepada siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa yaitu 65,5% sebelum penelitian 95,5% setelahnya. Dimasukkannya studi ini adalah adanya peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa dalam pendidikan agama Islam melalui pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw.
Implementasi Akad Qordhu Al-Hasan Terhadap Pembiayaan Modal Usaha Mikro di KSPPS BMT NU Cabang Kendit Kabupaten Situbondo
Authors: Sufyanto Budi
Published: August 2021

Akad Qordu Al-Hasan menyediakan pinjaman dana kepada pihak-pihak yang patut mendapatkannya atau dapat digunakan untuk membantu keuangan nasabah secara cepat dan berjangka pendek. Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk menganalisis implementasi aqad Qordhu Al-Hasan dalam pembiayaan modal mikro. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah deskriptif kualitatif di KSPPS BMT NU Cabang Kendit Kabupaten Situbondo. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa wawancara, dokumentasi dan survei lapangan. Hasil penelitian mengenai pembiayaan layanan berbasis jamaah atau yang disebut (LASISMA) di KSPPS BMT NU menunjukkan bahwa dalam pembiayaan tersebut menggunakan akad Qordhu Al-Hasan dengan jasa seikhlasnya. Dalam prakteknya, Jazaul Ihsan ditentukan oleh kisaran 18 % sd 20 % sesuai yang disepakati antara pihak BMT dan Mitra.
Makna Simbolik Tradisi Tingkeban Perpektif ‘Urf Di Kecamatan Cermee Kabupaten Bondowoso
Authors: Fatholla Fatholla
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan makna simbol yang terdapat pada tradisi tingkeban dan hukum tradisi tingkeban perspektif ‘urf. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu menggambar beberapa data yang diperoleh di Kecamatan Cermee Kabupaten Bondowoso.Prosedur pengumpulan data menggunakan obeservasi, wawancara dan Dokumentasi. Kemudian dilanjutkan pada proses editing, klasifikasi, verivikasi dan analisa. Proses analisa didukung dengan kajian pustaka berupa makna simbol dan ‘urf. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa 1) Tradisi tingkeban di Kecamatan Cermee Kabupaten Bondowoso dikategorikan sebagai ‘urf shahih yang tidak bertentangan dengan syara’ atau nash (Al-Qur’an dan hadits) serta membawa kebaikan. 2) Ada tiga makna simbol pada tradisi tingkeban baik sesaji dan perlengkapan maupun pelaksanaannya yaitu: pertama makna religius yaitu ungkapan rasa syukur kepada Allah dan selalu taat beribadah kepada-Nya serta memohon keselamatan bagi perempuan yang hamil dan juga bagi bayi yang ada dikandungannya. Kedua, makna moral (sopan santun) yaitu kesiapan orang tua untuk merawat dan membimbing anaknya untuk menjadi seseorang yang mempunyai akhlak (sopan santun). Ketiga, makna sosial yaitu manusia sebagai mahluk sosial yang tidak bisa hidup sendirian melainkan hidup bermasyarakat sehingga manusia harus saling membantu dan saling tolong menolong.

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Hadi, Sutrisno. 1990. Metodologi Penelitian Research II. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.

Herawati, Isni. 1998. Perubahan Nilai Nilai Upacara Tradisional pada Masyarakat pendukung. Jogjakarta: Direktorat Sejarah.

______________ 2007. Makna Simbolik sajen Tingkeban. Yogyakarta: Jantra.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Reinforcement Dalam Meningkatkan Perilaku Disiplin Guru dan Siswa Madrasah
Authors: Adawiyah Robiatul
Published: August 2021

Di era digital, manusia membutuhkan alat untuk mendukung peningkatan perilaku disiplin. Tujuan penelitian, menganalisis kebutuhan alat, membuat berdasarkan kebutuhan, dan mengaplikasikan alat (aplikasi reinforcement) untuk mengetahui dampak meningkatnya perilaku disiplin guru dan siswa MI Perwanida Blitar. Penelitian menggunakan R & D dengan model design ADDIE, uji produk menggunkan pre-eksperimental dengan desain one group pretest-postets desain. Sampel dengan teknik purposive. Analisis mengggunakan data yang terkumpul yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitaif.
Kuasa Menjual Jaminan Pada Pembiayaan Akad Murabahah Bil Wakalah (Studi Analisis Perkara Nomor : 0001/Pdt.G.S/2020/PA.Pwt)
Authors: Wati Endang Eko , Fatorina Fetri
Published: August 2021

Adanya peraturan yang begitu komplek secara konsep dan mudah dilaksanakan pada prakteknya terkait pelaksanaan akad murabahah khususnya murabahah bil wakalah belum bisa menjadi jaminan tidak akan timbul sengketa dalam pelaksanaan akad tersebut. Satu demi satu permasalahan muncul dalam pelaksanaan akad murabahah bil wakalah pada produk pembiayaan yang ada di perbankan syariah. Salah satu contohnya adalah pelaksanaan akad murabahah bil wakalah dalam perkara sengketa ekonomi syariah nomor perkara 0001/Pdt.G.S/2020/PA.Pwt. Hal yang menarik dalam perkara tersebut, yang diajukan oleh bank syariah terhadap debiturnya adalah ketika akad murabahah bil wakalah terjadi ternyata bank syariah mengikat jaminan benda tidak bergerak (tanah milik orang tua debitur) dengan surat kuasa menjual. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan yuridis- normatif. Berdasarkan penelusuran penulis sampai saat ini belum ada fatwa yang mengatur secara rinci terkait pelaksanaan akad murabahah bil wakalah sehingga pelaksanaan dari akad murabahah bil wakalah masih menginduk pada fatwa DSN-MUI 

nomor DSN-MUI Nomor 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang murabahah. Melihat prosesnya ada perjanjian pokok berupa akad murabahah disertai dengan perjanjian accesoir berupa perjanjian penjaminan dimana jaminan baru bisa dilakukan tindakan pengalihan apabila debitur wanprestasi. Sehingga apabila pada waktu yang bersamaan ada perjanjian pokok berupa akad murabahah dan kuasa menjual jaminan maka disini ada penyelundupan hukum yang dilarang oleh undang-undang dan menjadikan akad tersebut tidak jelas.