bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Octavian’s Imperium Auspiciumque in 43 BC and Their Late Republican Context
Authors: Koortbojian Michael
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines how, by late Republican times, commanders who would have been forced by religious scruple to return to Rome for the reenactment of religious rites were now granted new dispensation, often in the form of political and religious “fictions” that would accommodate new priorities with new protocols. Here, the chapter focuses on Octavian's rise to power. It considers how Octavian's status was different from that of elected magistrates who held commands. Next, the chapter looks into how his independent imperium was conferred upon him. Finally, the chapter asks how his independent right to the auspicia publica, which was requisite for the full and valid execution of that command, was conveyed.
Heraclitus against the Philosophoi
Authors: Moore Christopher
Published: September 2020

This chapter argues for the “lexical precondition” for Heraclides' story: the existence of the word philosophos at the time of Pythagoras or at least in the period of the early Pythagorean generations. The evidence is a fragment from Heraclitus, quoted by Clement of Alexandria: “philosophical men really quite ought to be researchers into much.” The chapter first argues that there is no reason to doubt Clement's accuracy of quotation for either source-critical or epistemological reasons. It shows, second, that while Heraclitus's use does not support the “explanations” of philosophos found in the Pythagoras stories, it in fact supports the view that the stories imply: that the term was applied, and perhaps with pejorative implication, to the Pythagoreans. Both positions have had their proponents in earlier scholarship, but with a full defense of those positions the chapter reveals their centrality not just for Heraclitean epistemology but for the history of philosophia.
Socrates’s Prosecution as Philosophos
Authors: Moore Christopher
Published: September 2020

This chapter turns to a fifth-century BCE figure as yet unmentioned, but whose importance to the later understanding of philosophia cannot be underestimated: Socrates. Many scholars believe that Socrates' students inaugurated new thinking about philosophia; presumably Socrates' life, or at least his death, galvanized them to do so. This would be a central ingredient in the recipe for the redemptive story told by Heraclides, a grand-student of Socrates. In fact, at least Xenophon and Plato never or only rarely call Socrates philosophos. This chapter makes this observation in part by focusing on both authors' attitude toward Socrates' connection to Anaxagoras, considered by later historians to be the first to philosophize in Athens, and by focusing on Xenophon's hesitation to use the word philosophos with respect to Socrates.
Aristotle’s Historiography of Philosophia
Authors: Moore Christopher
Published: September 2020

This chapter proceeds from the belief that Heraclides' Pythagoras story implies a historical account of the development of the discipline of philosophia. It describes the rise of this historiography of philosophy, one that materializes only in the Academy. Aristotle's writings provide the clearest evidence. When in the intellectual-historical mode, Aristotle circumscribes philosophia as an engagement with the ideas of others, living or dead, whom one takes also to be or have been engaged in philosophia. This includes Thales's views, for example, since Aristotle can reconstruct them as addressing certain questions and open to critique by successors, including himself in particular, but not those of Hesiod, Orpheus, or other admittedly wise authors, who are not as amenable to this kind of virtual conversation. Aristotle does not explain his departure from Plato's interpersonal picture of philosophia to a disciplinary one, but the density of conversations, memories, texts, and positions found in the Academy probably prompted his new view. Since progress in philosophy matters, and is possible, one should bring to bear everything of relevance to any possible question, not just the ideas of one's immediate interlocutors.
Ambivalence about Philosophia beyond the Discipline
Authors: Moore Christopher
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on a set of fourth-century BCE cultural attitudes about philosophia different and on average later than those on which Chapter 7 focused. This set serves expressly as context and occasion for the versions of the protreptic story about Pythagoras told by Heraclides and by other fourth-century BCE writers. Positive and negative perceptions of philosophia coexisted. The positive feelings are most strikingly manifest in the Dephic maxim philosophos ginou (“be philosophical”), the existence for which comes from a 1966 discovery in Afghanistan. The negative feelings are best appreciated from fragments of the comic dramatist Alexis, from an anti-philosophical “apotreptic” found in a recently published Oxyrhynchus papyrus, and from apotreptics found in familiar philosophical texts. What becomes clear is that two ideas about philosophia operate simultaneously, one quasi- or fully disciplinary, the other mundanely ethical. Equivocation between these two ideas is prominent in certain parts of Aristotle's Protrepticus and in the Platonic Rival Lovers.
Confucianism on Political Legitimacy
Authors: Bai Tongdong
Published: September 2020

This chapter discusses political legitimacy within the Confucian context. It attempts reconcile the early Confucians’ embrace of equality with their defense of hierarchy. The chapter also considers how to reconcile their idea that the legitimacy of the state lies in service to the people, with the idea that it is not the people alone who make the final political decisions. It shows that the lack of capacities of making sound political decisions by the masses cannot result from the failure of the state to secure basic goods, education, and other necessary conditions for people to make sound political decisions, and it has to be the result of a basic fact of human life. That is, in spite of all these governmental efforts that are demanded by them, and in spite of their beliefs that human beings are all potentially equal (Mencius and Xun Zi) or close to being equal (Confucius), early Confucians also took it as a fact of life that the majority of the people cannot actually obtain the capacity necessary to make sound political decisions and participate fully in politics.
Compassion as the New Social Glue in the Society of Strangers
Authors: Bai Tongdong
Published: September 2020

This chapter discusses the key concept that early Confucians developed to address the issue of finding a new bond for an emerging “modern” society, the large and populous society of strangers, as well as the issue of state–state (international) relations. The main texts that used in this discussion are the Analects and the Mencius. The chapter argues that a bond that presupposes a small, stable, and closely knit community of acquaintances does not work in a large and mobile society of strangers. A new way of bonding the people of a state together was desperately needed. Apparently, the solution Confucius offered was to restore the old world order by sticking to li.
Analytic Tools
Authors: Harder Günter , Raghuram A.
Published: September 2020

This chapter goes to the transcendental level, i.e., take an embedding ι‎ : E → ℂ, and extend the ground field to ℂ. The entirety of this chapter works over ℂ and therefore suppresses the subscript ℂ. It begins with the cuspidal parameters and the representation 𝔻λ‎ at infinity. Next, the chapter defines the square-integrable cohomology as well as the de Rham complex. Finally, cuspidal cohomology is addressed. Here, the chapter looks at the cohomological cuspidal spectrum and the consequence of multiplicity one and strong multiplicity one. It also shows the character of the component group I, before dropping the assumption that we are working over ℂ and go back to our coefficient system 𝓜̃λ‎,E defined over E.
The Role of the Church and Monasticism in the Growth of Legal Coptic
Authors: Fournet Jean-Luc
Published: September 2020

This chapter studies the role of the Church and monasticism in the growth of legal Coptic. To do so, it presents three documentary dossiers that will clarify the major impetus that monasticism exerted with regard to this phenomenon, and the various mechanisms that it followed. The first dossier is a codex of eight wooden tablets that the Louvre Museum acquired in 1992. The tablets contain around twenty-six receipts, some of which are related to taxation, written by different people. These receipts are not written in the same language: twenty are in Greek and six are in Coptic. Ultimately, the codex offers early evidence that Coptic was used in a taxation context under the impetus of a monastic institution. The latter's responsibility for a portion of the collection process explains why Coptic was accepted for this use by the community. The other two dossiers, sharing the same provenance, demonstrates more precisely the role of monasticism in the rise of Coptic and in its creation of a language that could compete with Greek in nonprivate usage.
Norms of Black Political Behavior
Authors: White Ismail K. , Laird Chryl N.
Published: September 2020

This chapter begins with a discussion of the social and political circumstances that have necessitated black political unity, norms of black political behavior, and the emergence of racialized social constraint. Placing its historical origins in slavery, the chapter looks at how racialized social constraint has developed from a tool for navigating the complicated social and political world of forced labor communities into an instrument for facilitating racial group-based collective action politics among black Americans. It connects norms of racial group constraint formed under slavery to mechanisms for mobilizing blacks into the protest activities of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement and tools for facilitating specific forms of engagement in modern electoral politics. From the combined insights provided by a historical review of black Americans' efforts at collective action and the racialized social constraint model, the chapter derives predictions of how racialized norms of political behavior constrain black partisan support in modern electoral politics. Finally, the chapter highlights two basic facts that speak to the explanatory potential of this framework.
Just Hierarchy between Citizens
Authors: Bell Daniel A. , Pei Wang
Published: September 2020

This chapter turns to just hierarchies between citizens—mainly strangers to one another—in modern large-scale political communities. It argues that hierarchies between rulers and ruled in such communities are justified if the political system selects and promotes public officials with above-average ability and a willingness to serve the political community over and above their own private and family interests. The chapter demonstrates that this kind of ideal—the “political meritocracy”—helped to inspire the imperial political system in China's past and Chinese political reformers in the early twentieth century, and may help to justify the political system in China today. However, the meritocratic system needs to be accompanied by democratic mechanisms short of competitive elections at the top that allow citizens to show that they trust their rulers and provide a measure of accountability at different levels of government. In the Chinese context, however, there is a large gap between the ideal and the reality. Thus, this chapter recommends that a judicious mixture of Confucian-style “soft power” combined with democratic openness, Maoist-style mass line, and Daoist-style skepticism about the whole political system can help to reinvigorate political meritocracy in China.
Just Hierarchy between Humans and Animals
Authors: Bell Daniel A. , Pei Wang
Published: September 2020

This chapter considers human relations with the animal kingdom. Throughout much of human history, most cultural and religious traditions—with some notable exceptions, such as Daoism—have valued humans over animals. The chapter presents the argument that it is morally justifiable to posit a moral hierarchy with humans on top, but only if accompanied by the principle that humans should not be cruel to animals. But the principle of “subordination without cruelty” is not sufficient to spell out the kinds of obligations we owe to animals. Humans have different kinds of relations with different animals, and the strongest obligations of care are owed to animals with human-like traits and that contribute most to human well-being. In the case of animals bred for human consumption, the chapter argues that such subordination is only justified if the animals are bred in humane conditions that are exceptionally rare in the modern world. Furthermore, the chapter states that we owe least to ugly animals that harm humans, but the principle of subordination without cruelty applies even in the case of the nastiest animals.
ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION IN NATURAL CONSERVATION TOURISM AREA
Authors: Purwanto Sulis
Published: September 2020

Ecotourism is a concept of tourism development that pays attention to the physical, economic and sociocultural environment and provides positive benefits to local communities and tourist experience. The concept of ecotourism that can be applied in national park areas is ecological restoration. This study aims to determine the application of ecological restoration in nature-based tourism areas. The method used is descriptive qualitative by conducting observations, interviews and literature studies. The results show that ecological restoration is part of the concept of ecotourism that can be applied in the national park area. Ecological restoration is the most important part of ecotourism development. Examples of the application of ecological restoration in the area of Mount Merapi is by replanting trees after eruption and conservation of water. Ecological restoration is carried out to improve the quality of the damaged nature in accordance with its original state and can also support tourism areas around the National Park of Mount Merapi such as Tlogo Muncar, Goa Japan and Plawangan Turgo Hill.
PENGARUH PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN BERKUNJUNG WISATAWAN KE OBJEK WISATA GREEN HOUSE LEZATTA KABUPATEN AGAM
Authors: Sari Filma , Suyuthie Hijriyantomi
Published: September 2020

Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan mengetahui pengaruh promosi terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan ke objek wisata Green House Lezatta. Penelitian ini tergolong kepada penelitian asosiatif kausal. Sampel diambil dari wisatawan yang berkunjung ke objek wisata Green House Lezatta. Sampel penelitian diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, serta sampel berjumlah 98 orang responden. Data dikumpulkan dengan menyebarkan angket yang sudah disusun kemudian diberikan kepada responden yang telah diuji terlebih dahulu validitas serta reliabilitasnya.

Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan:  (1) Promosi berada pada golongan kurang setuju (53%), (2) Keputusan berkunjung berada pada golongan setuju (49%), (3) Hasil uji hipotesis regresi linear sederhana  didapatkan F hitung 27.060 dengan signifikansi 0,00<0,05 maka variabel promosi dapat menjelaskan  keputusan berkunjung secara signifikan, Dan diperoleh R square senilai 0.220 yang artinya pengaruh variabel promosi terhadap variabel keputusan berkunjung adalah sebanyak 22% dan sisanya 78% faktor lain yang mempengaruhinya

Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan mengetahui pengaruh promosi terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan ke objek wisata Green House Lezatta. Penelitian ini tergolong kepada penelitian asosiatif kausal. Sampel diambil dari wisatawan yang berkunjung ke objek wisata Green House Lezatta. Sampel penelitian diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, serta sampel berjumlah 98 orang responden. Data dikumpulkan dengan menyebarkan angket yang sudah disusun kemudian diberikan kepada responden yang telah diuji terlebih dahulu validitas serta reliabilitasnya.

Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan:  (1) Promosi berada pada golongan kurang setuju (53%), (2) Keputusan berkunjung berada pada golongan setuju (49%), (3) Hasil uji hipotesis regresi linear sederhana  didapatkan F hitung 27.060 dengan signifikansi 0,00<0,05 maka variabel promosi dapat menjelaskan  keputusan berkunjung secara signifikan, Dan diperoleh R square senilai 0.220 yang artinya pengaruh variabel promosi terhadap variabel keputusan berkunjung adalah sebanyak 22% dan sisanya 78% faktor lain yang mempengaruhinya
Interpretación del otro como criminal. Bases para la construcción de una criminología fenomenológica
Authors: Hikal-Carreón Wael Sarwat
Published: September 2020

En el presente artículo se propone crear un margen conceptual para la construcción de una criminología fenomenológica que aborde el conocimiento de cómo se interpretan las conductas de las personas a través de las percepciones de otros, enfocado a la constitución de la conducta criminal, delincuencial, violenta o antisocial, que, siendo estos provenientes de la naturaleza de variadas ciencias, provoca tener horizontes amplios en el entendimiento que en la misma esencia lo vuelven complejo, la criminología actual, tiene en sí, varios objetos de estudio que ha tomado de aquellas ciencias que tienen en su qué hacer lo relacionado con el crimen, de tal modo, desde el derecho, se estudia el delito y sus elementos, desde la psiquiatría y psicología, la conducta antisocial y su desarrollo, de la sociología, la conducta desviada patológica y su formación, el trabajo social, aporta otras interpretaciones, lo mismo, cuando corresponde a la antropología de la violencia, su historia, percepciones, cambios culturales, entre muchas otras. En ello radica la complejidad en la armonización de objetos de estudio que encuentran reunión en la criminología en una integración interdisciplinaria, pero esta se agota ante la abrumante realidad criminal que afecta a la aldea global, donde poco tiempo permite a la reflexión, necesitando con urgencia la intervención. El caso abordado aquí, es dar esa aproximación a una criminología fenomenológica, que pasará previo a su desarrollo, por el proceso de especialización de la criminología, soltando por momentos el paradigma clásico, para avanzar al futuro en la sistematización de teorías de otras ciencias, para generar un banco de conocimientos, que permitirán a posteriori, desarrollar sus propias concepciones e interpretaciones. No hay algo malo en la especialización, es parte de la evolución y maduración.
Aspectos epidemiológicos do HIV na população masculina de Alagoas entre 2008-2018
Authors: Lima Edjérfesson  dos Santos , Urashima Gabriel da Silva , Machado Michael Ferreira
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Analisar aspectos epidemiológicos do HIV na população masculina de Alagoas entre 2008-2018. Metodologia: Trata-se estudo ecológico de séries temporais, utilizando dados secundários de HIV registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. A análise dos dados foi realizada no programa JoinPoint. Resultados: A taxa de diagnóstico do HIV em Alagoas entre 2008 e 2018 oscilou entre 12,85/100 mil habitantes em 2009 e 18,85/100 mil habitantes em 2017. Na análise, o modelo de regressão apontou apenas um comportamento temporal: no período total (2008 a 2018) (Annual Percent Change: 2,4; Intervalo de Confiança 95%: 0.1 a 4.7; p: 0,0001), apresentou uma tendência crescente. Quando se leva em consideração a escolaridade, as séries com maiores taxas de diagnóstico de HIV na população estudada foram: “Ensino Médio Completo” (1,9/100 mil habitantes) e da “5ª à 8ª Série Incompleta” (1,8/100 mil habitantes). Quanto à forma de transmissão, a Heterossexual foi a de maior taxa (5,7/100 mil habitantes), seguida da forma Ignorada (5,4/100 mil habitantes). Conclusão: Os resultados apontam a necessidade de uma maior ênfase na atenção à saúde masculina quanto a prevenção do HIV, especialmente na população heterossexual, que parece apresentar maior vulnerabilidade.
Palavras-chave: Epidemiologia. Infecções por HIV. Homens. Saúde do homem.
دەمێ ڤەگێرانێ د چیرۆکە شیعرا "شێخێ سەنعان" یا "فەقیێ تەیران" دا لدویف تیۆرا "ژیرار ژینێت"
Authors: Mohammed Shilan Y. , Mohammed Abdi H.
Published: September 2020

پشتی بەربەلاڤ بوونا بۆچوونێن بنیاتگەران، ڤەگێران ئێدی مینا زانستەک نوی ژ بۆ پۆلینکرن وڤەکولین لسەر بنیات و پێکهاتەیا چیرۆکان جهێ خوە گرت. هەر چەندە ڤەگێرانناس دەربارەی ماهییەت، پێکهاتە وهەبوونا دەقێ ڤەگێرانێ هاورا بوون لێ هەر ئەدەبناس و تیۆرناسەک ژ گۆشەنیگایەکێ هەول دان ژ بۆ تێگەهشتن و شرۆڤەکرنا بنەمایێن چیرۆک و دەقێن ڤەگێرانێ. "ژیرار ژینێت"ێ فرەنسی مینا ئێک ژ کاریگەرترین و بەرچاڤترین ئەدەبناسێن سەر ب بنیاتگەریا فرەنسیڤە؛ بۆ چوونێن وی بتایبەتی د پەرەپێدان، پێشخستن و تەواوکرنا تیۆر و بۆچوونێن تیۆرا دەمێ ڤەگێرانێ مینا ئێک ژ ڕەگەزێن پێشڤەبرنا ڤەگێرانا چیرۆکێ دهێنە نیاسین. "ژینێت" دەمی لسەر سێ ئاست (ڕاچاندن، بەردەوامی، هات و چوونا بەردەوام) پێشکێش دکەت. هەر چەندە ڕەنگە بەرهەمێن ڤەگێرانی د تێکستێن کلاسیکیدا زێدەتر ب مەبەستا جەختی لسەر ناڤەرۆک، مەبەست و فێرکرنێ هاتبنە نڤیسین و کێمتر گرنگی ب دەلالەت و بنیاتێ هونەری هاتبیتە دان، لێ د چیرۆکە شیعرا "شێخێ سەنعان" دا پەیوەندییەکا باش دناڤبەرا دابەشکرنا دەمێ ڤەگێرانێ لگەل ڕەوتا ڤەگێرانا چیرۆکە شیعرێ هەیە.
Factors Influencing Academic Stress on Students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University
Authors: Tuan Nham Phong , Quy Nguyen Ngoc , Huyen Nguyen Thi Thanh , My Hong Tra , Phu Tran Nhu
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of seven factors causing academic stress on students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University: Lack of leisure time, Academic performance, Fear of failure, Academic overload, Finances, Competition between students, Relationships with university faculty. Based on the results of a practical survey of 185 students who are attending any courses at the University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University, the study assesses the impact of stress factors on students. The thesis focuses on clarifying the concept of "stress" and the stress level of students, while pointing out its negative effects on students. This study includes two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys. The first survey uses a set of 16 questions to assess students’ perceptions and attitudes based on an instrument to measure academic stress - Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA). The second survey aims to test internal consistency, the robustness of the previously established 7-factor structure. Henceforth, the model was brought back and used qualitatively, combined with Cronbach’s Alpha measurement test and EFA discovery factor analysis. This study was conducted from October 2019 to December 2019. From these practical analyzes, several proposals were made for the society, the school and the students themselves.
Collaborative spaces: organizational, spatial and relational crossover for new ways of working
Authors: Migliore Alessandra , Tagliaro Chiara
Published: September 2020

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An innovative multidisciplinary intervention to prevent and treat child obesity: the Epode Umbria Region OBesity Intervention Study (EUROBIS)
Authors: Pippi Roberto , Buratta Livia
Published: September 2020

The lifestyle’s fundamental role in the approach to the young people with metabolic problems is now supported by the scientific evidence. However, multidisciplinary (including nutritional, physical activity and psychological aspects) intervention studies conducted on this issue are still lacking. This work aims to reflect on issues concerning the EUROBIS multidisciplinary intervention study, which aims to contrast childhood obesity, addressing the complex nutritional, motor, and psychological aspects to improve children’s lifestyle through the implementation of curative and preventive strategies. The curative, clinical approach already proved to be effective in a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, waist circumference/height index, and an improvement of Mediterranean diet adherence and physical activity measures, in subjects with overweight/obesity [1]. Now we present the first results of the preventive project "Let’s improve the Umbrian children lifestyle", a school-based intervention, conducted in 2015-16 school year on first classes of primary schools in Umbria (more than 4000 children) resulting in an improvement in Mediterranean diet adherence and physical activity measures. This study confirms that multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention can improve anthropometric, nutritional and physical activity outcomes and represents the cornerstone to build recommendations with a high level of evidence within the Italian standards of care, although it has demonstrate the difficulties of young people and parents to join it.
Indonesian Port Cluster Simulation Game: Understanding Complex System Through Simulation Game
Authors: Omar Moeis Armand , Marcheline Shara , Destyanto Arry Rahmawan , Yuri Zagloel Teuku , Hidayatno Akhmad
Published: September 2020

Port Cluster is a collection of interdependent and involved companies in related activities in the same port area. Port clusters can be categorized as infrastructure. One of the characteristics of infrastructure is the number of parties involved in a problem, referred to as a Multi-Actor System. In a multi-actor system, policymaking becomes more complicated because it cannot be based on only one party's interests. Policymaking in this domain requires contemporary approaches where one of them is Simulation Gaming. This paper shows how Simulation Gaming can serve as an approach to comprehend the Indonesian Port Cluster, a multi-actor system.
Desain Kapal Tradisional Pinisi untuk Jaringan Tujuan Wisata Berkelanjutan: Studi Kasus Gugus Kepulauan Selayar
Authors: Khaqiqi Alwi Sina , Dwianto Adam Hilal
Published: September 2020

Kapal Pinisi merupakan salah satu alternatif moda trnasportasi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi pariwisata di Takabonerate Kepulauan Selayar dan kemudian pendapatan pariwisata dapat menyumbang pendapatan negara. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rute dan dimensi kapal berdasarkan survei kebutuhan pengguna dan karakteristik lokasi yang optimum menggunakan metode optimasi. Hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa Kapal Pinisi yang dirancang ditargetkan untuk segmen pasar dengan pendapatan sedang untuk wisatawan yang berusia kurang dari 30 tahun. Ukuran Kapal Pinisi yang optimum memiliki kapasitas 15 penumpang dengan dimensi LOA 37.14 meter, LPP 26.63 meter, LWL 26,96 meter, B 8.05 meter, T 2.65 meter, dan H 4.55 meter. Rute kapal dengan paket 5 hari 4 malam melewati rute Pelabuhan Rauf Rahman, Jinato, Lantigiang, Tinabo, Tinanja, Taka Lamungan, Tarupa Kecil, Latondu Kecil, dan kembali ke Pelabuhan Rauf Rahman. Dalam sekali roundtrip kapal memiliki waktu berlayar selama 98 jam dan waktu di pelabuhan pangkal selama 24.03 jam dengan jumlah 1 kapal. Harga jasa kapal wisata untuk penumpang penyelam sebesar 208 USD/malam-pax untuk lower deck dan 221 USD/malam-pax untuk main deck. Sedangkan harga jasa untuk penumpang non-penyelam sebesar 193 USD/malam-pax untuk lower deck dan 206 USD/malam-pax untuk main deck.
MODIFICAÇÃO SUPERFICIAL EM ÓXIDO DE NIÓBIO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE HIDROGÊNIO
Authors: Rocha Adriana Gomes da , Kunst Sandra Raquel , Mueller Luã Tainachi , Morisso Fernando Dal Pont , Carone Carlos Leonardo Pandolfo , Schmitt César Eduardo , Rieder Ester Schmidt , Oliveira Cláudia Trindade
Published: September 2020

RESUMONa separação fotocatalítica da água podem ser utilizados semicondutores como catalisadores da reação de desprendimento de hidrogênio, sendo que a atividade fotocatalítica do semicondutor depende da área superficial e de sua cristalinidade. Nesse contexto, o Nb2O5 diferencia-se como catalisador, uma vez que seu intervalo de band gap situa-se entre os intervalos das reações de oxirredução da água e pode ser obtido na forma porosa e cristalina. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a influência da modificação superficial de Nb2O5, obtido por anodização, para a produção de hidrogênio por meio de fotocatálise. Para tanto, amostras de nióbio foram anodizadas em 0,3 M ácido oxálico + HF, com densidade de corrente de 12,73 mA/cm2 por 300 s, e analisadas morfologicamente, quanto à condutividade elétrica e por meio de curvas de polarização catódicas. Os resultados mostraram que a melhor condição de modificação superficial para catalisar a reação de desprendimento de hidrogênio por fotocatálise foi da amostra anodizada até ocorrência de sparking, a qual apresentou características de óxido cristalino.Palavras-chave: Anodização. Nióbio. Fotocatálise. ABSTRACTIn photocatalytic separation of water semiconductors can be used as catalysts of the hydrogen release reaction, and the photocatalytic activity of the semiconductor depends on its surface area and its crystallinity. In this context, Nb2O5 differs as a catalyst, since its band gap is between the ranges of water redox reactions and can be obtained in porous and crystalline form. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify the influence of surface modification of Nb2O5, obtained by anodization, for hydrogen production through photocatalysis. For this purpose, niobium samples were anodized in 0.3 M oxalic acid + HF, with current density of 12.73 mA / cm2 for 300 s, and analyzed morphologically for electrical conductivity and cathodic polarization curves. The results showed that the best surface modification condition to catalyze the hydrogen detachment reaction by photocatalysis was from the anodized sample until sparking, which presented crystalline oxide characteristics.Keywords: Anodizing. Niobium. Photocatalysis.
ESTUDO DA VIABILIDADE TÉCNICA DO PROCESSAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS DE ESPUMA FLEXÍVEL DE POLIURETANO POR UM MOINHO DE FACAS
Authors: Marquez Marcio Eduardo , Celso Fabrício
Published: September 2020

ResumoA necessidade de encontrar meios para reciclar materiais que até então eram apenas descartados no meio ambiente traz também a necessidade de conhecermos a viabilidade de alguns processos em meio industrial, avaliando-os não apenas financeira, mas também tecnicamente, por meio do uso de equipamentos de fácil acesso, manuseio e manutenção. Pensando nisso, este trabalho busca aplicar o processo de trituração por moinho de facas a espumas flexíveis de poliuretano, nas quais ainda se percebe carência de estudos em se tratando de sua redução de partículas por meio de processos industriais. Com o uso de um moinho de facas, buscou-se moer aparas da fabricação de assentos sanitários, sendo que a capacidade do processo e a granulometria final do material triturado foram quantitativamente avaliados e o fluxo de material bem como a moagem em si, foram avaliados qualitativamente. Com uma capacidade aproximada de 1 kg/h, uma granulometria apresentando 46,3% das partículas com dimensões de 2,01 a 4,00mm, fluxo e moagem insatisfatórios, este processo, tal como estudado neste trabalho, foi considerado ineficiente na busca de trituração da espuma flexível de poliuretano, mantendo a necessidade de buscar ainda, em meio industrial, solucionar um problema de processo de reciclagem deste material.Palavras-chave: Espuma Flexível de Poliuretano. Moinho de facas. Capacidade. Granulometria. ABSTRACTThe need of to find ways to recycle materials those only were leave on the environment, brings the need in to know the viability of some processes in industrial scale, evaluating them not just financially form but technically to, by the use of commun, and cheaps, and easily maintenece equipements.Therefore, this paper aims to apply the grind process by knife mill to flexible polyurethane foams those don’t has a great variety of studys about their reduction particle size by processes in industrial scale. Using a knife mill, some foam burrs from the toilet seat fabrication were grinded, and the process capability, as much as the material granulometry, were quantitatively measured. The material flow into the knife mill and the grinder process were qualitatively evaluated. With a capability around 1 kg/h and a granulometry with 46,3% of the particules size around 2,01 to 4,00mm, and flow, and grind unsatisfactory, this process, in that way, was considerd inefficient in find a form of to grind flexible polyurethane foam, and it takes necessary, in industrial way, to solve a problem for reciclyng these kind of material.Keywords: Flexible polyurethane foam. Knife mill. Capability. Granulometry.
The Enhanced Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy by Emotional Intelligence Depended on Proactive Personality
Authors: Darmayanti Kusumasari Kartika Hima , Salim Rose Mini Agoes
Published: September 2020

Introduction.  Adolescence is a transition period between childhood and adulthood during which a decision to embark on a career is made. Furthermore, emotional intelligence is linked to self-efficacy in career decision-making, and some adolescents possess a proactive personality trait that seemingly strengthens the relation between the two concepts. Method.  This study evaluated relations between emotional intelligence and career decision-making self-efficacy and considered whether such relations are moderated (strengthened or weakened) by proactive personality. A group sample (N = 840) from state senior high schools in Indonesia was surveyed. Results.  Career decision-making self-efficacy correlated with emotional intelligence. Additionally, proactive personality had a moderating effect on the relation between emotional intelligence and career decision-making self-efficacy. Discussion and Conclusion.  There is a significant positive relation exists between the two factors, and the hypothesis is accepted. The role of proactive personality suggests that career interventions should emphasize proactive personality aspects to increase the career decision-making self-efficacy of adolescents
Turkey’s Military and Defense Policies
Authors: Akar Hulusi
Published: September 2020

In the post-9/11 era and now in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the meaning of security and the means of ensuring it have radically changed. As a NATO member state situated in a geography that poses multiple threats to its security and even existence, Turkey seeks to maintain its own domestic and regional security while contributing to a global environment of peace and order. The unique threats posed to Turkey by domestic and regional terrorism and the ongoing conflict in Syria in particular have prompted Ankara to invest in projects focused on the development of new technologies and, more broadly, in improvements in the country’s indigenous defense industry. This article highlights a number of these projects, along with the factors that contribute to Turkey’s present security outlook.
Kebergantungan Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Komposit Berbahan Dasar Sabut Pinang dan Sabut Kelapa pada Variasi Struktur
Authors: Faryuni Irfana Diah , Putri Mentarie Resthu , Asri Asifa , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Published: September 2020

Pada penelitian ini, telah dibuat papan komposit dengan kandungan serat sabut pinang (Areca catechu L.) dan partikel sabut kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) yang keduanya berperan sebagai filler. Selain itu, digunakan urea formaldehyde (UF) sebagai matriks, parafin untuk penghambat air, serta NH4Cl sebagai katalis. Struktur papan komposit divariasikan sebanyak 2 jenis, yaitu struktur homogen dan sandwich yang akan diuji sifat fisis dan mekanisnya dengan menggunakan standarisasi Japanese Industrial Standars (JIS) A 5908-2003. Struktur homogen terdiri dari 3 sampel, yaitu 100% serat sabut pinang, 100% partikel sabut kelapa, dan 50% serat sabut pinang dicampur 50% partikel sabut kelapa. Pada struktur sandwich terdapat 2 sampel, yaitu 25% serat sabut pinang sebagai face dan back serta 50% partikel sabut kelapa sebagai core dan 25% partikel sabut kelapa sebagai face dan back serta 50% serat sabut pinang sebagai core. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sampel sandwich dengan susunan 25% serat sabut pinang sebagai face dan back serta 50% partikel sabut kelapa sebagai core, merupakan sampel yang paling baik yakni memiliki nilai kerapatan 641,36 + 18,03 kg/m3, kadar air 9,88 + 0,49 %, daya serap air 118,74 + 25,61 %, pengembangan tebal 48,82 + 8,44 %, modulus of elasticity 767,90 + 35,41 MPa, modulus of rupture  14,45 + 4,57 MPa, dan internal bonding 0,17 + 0,04 MPa.
Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel terhadap Karakteristik Riser Sleeve Sekam Padi Pada Aplikasi Pengecoran Baja
Authors: Idamayanti Dewi , Purwadi Wiwik , Gary Hamim Al
Published: September 2020

Sekam padi mempunyai potensi besar sebagai material eksotermik yang umum dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan briket karena menghasilkan nilai kalor yang cukup tinggi. Dalam bidang pengecoran baja, material eksotermik seperti sekam padi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai riser sleeve untuk memperpanjang waktu pembekuan baja sekaligus mengatasi penyusutan baja. Ukuran partikel sekam padi yang diteliti adalah 40 mesh dan 60 mesh, dipisahkan dengan sieve shaker.  Penentuan jumlah bahan pengikat diujicoba pada rentang 10-18% (b/b). Penggunaan bahan pengikat sesedikit mungkin karena mempengaruhi terhadap kinerja sebuah riser sleeve.  Hasil pengujian kompresi menunjukan pengikat dengan kadar 11 % sudah memenuhi standar minimal kekuatan kompresi 5 kg/cm2. Selanjutnya, sekam padi yang berukuran 40 mesh maupun 60 mesh dibentuk dengan tipe H-sleeve berbahan pengikat 11%, dipadatkan melalui hand pressing dan dikeringkan pada 120­oC selama 2 jam.  Kinerja sleeve sekam padi sebagai riser diuji pada pengecoran baja karbon rendah melalui pengukuran laju solidifikasi baja dan modulus extension factor. Diperoleh bahwa sleeve sekam padi berukuran 40 mesh mampu menahan laju pembekuan baja 52 detik lebih lama dibandingkan sleeve sekam padi berukuran 60 mesh. Hal ini disebabkan porositas pada sleeve berukuran 40 mesh lebih tinggi sehingga memberikan efek insulasi lebih baik dari sleeve 60 mesh. Modulus extension factor untuk sleeve sekam padi berukuran 40 mesh dan 60 mesh adalah 1,9 dan 1,75. Kedua sleeve tersebut dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai  exothermic sleeve menurut Indian Standar 15865 : 2009.
In Silico Screening for Natural Ligands to Non-Structural Nsp7 Conformers of Coronaviruses
Authors: Blasco Rafael , Coll Julio
Published: September 2020

The non-structural protein 7 (nsp7) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronaviruses was selected as a new target to potentially interfere with viral replication. The nsp7s are one of the most conserved, unique and small coronavirus proteins having a critical, yet intriguing participation on the replication of the long viral RNA genome after complexing with nsp8 and nsp12. Despite the difficulties of having no previous binding pocket, two high-throughput virtual blind screening of 158240 natural compounds > 400 Da by AutoDock Vina against nsp7.1ysy identified 655 leads displaying predicted binding affinities between 10 to 1100 nM. The leads were then screened against 14 available conformations of nsp7 by both AutoDock Vina and seeSAR programs employing different binding score algorithms, to identify 20 consensus top-leads. Further in silico predictive analysis of physiological and toxicity ADMET criteria (chemical properties, adsorption, metabolism, toxicity) narrowed top-leads to a few drug-like ligands many of them showing steroid-like structures. A final optimization by search for structural similarity to the top drug-like ligand that were also commercially available, yielded a collection of predicted novel ligands with ~100-fold higher-affinity whose antiviral activity may be experimentally validated. Additionally, these novel nsp7-interacting ligands and/or their further optimized derivatives, may offer new tools to investigate the intriguing role of nsp7 on replication of coronaviruses.
The Di-Tert-Butyl Oxymethylphosphonate Route to the Antiviral Drug Tenofovir
Authors: Dietz Jule-Phillip , Ferenc Dorota , Jamison Timothy F. , Gupton B. Frank , Opatz Till
Published: September 2020

The present manuscript describes a simple, two step synthesis of tenofovir from HPA through phosphonomethalation with a novel doubly protected oxymethylphosphonate electrophile. The crystalline electrophile can be prepared in a simple reaction sequence and can be deblocked more easily than its ditehyl analogue involved in the current commercial process for making the drug.The approach is general and can also be used for the preparation of related antivirals and the synthesis of adefovir is described as well.
Exploring The Anion Chemical Space: A Model of Electroelastic Material Ln2OF2-xClxH2 (Ln=Y,La,Gd) with High Mechanical Sensitivity and Remarkable Energy Harvesting
Authors: Strugovshchikov Evgenii , Pishtshev Aleksandr
Published: September 2020

The main result of our investigation is the prediction of a new family of multi-anion compounds - Ln2OF2-xClxH2 (Ln=Y,La,Gd) which due to anomalous elastic behaviour could present interest for the design and development of electromechanical devices. The composition Ln2OF2-xClxH2 utilizes complex heteroatomic anion [OF2-xClxH2]-6; in a solid state, as it follows from the DFT calculations, the system crystallizes into a columnar-type layered structure of P3m1 or R3m trigonal symmetries in which the LnO(F,Cl)H and Ln(F,Cl)FH layers are uniformly stacked in an alternating order along the high-symmetry c axis. In the trigonal lattice without inversion center, the resulting two-layers geometry puts groups of the anionic species together in a way that gives rise to the strong localization of valence charge density. We showed that being globally stable, such specific crystal architecture may lead to a high asymmetry of mechanical and electrical responses with respect to imposed loads. Moreover, small dynamic changes of the equilibrium charge and bonding configurations may cause rather the enhanced structural sensitivity of elastic responses at low pressures. Comparison of electromechanical characteristics showed that the predicted materials can serve as direct successors of the line of PVDF piezopolymers.
Association between Gender and Prevalence of Pit and Fissure Caries among Patients Visiting Private Dental College - A Retrospective study
Authors: Indumathy Pandiyan  , Raj S S  , Arthi Balasubramaniam
Published: September 2020

Oral health contributes to personal well being and overall quality of life of an individual. Adequate knowledge regarding oral health is mandatory as it is directly related to general health, so the Aim of our study was to determine the association between Gender and Prevalence of Pit and Fissure caries among the patients visiting Private Dental College. A retrospective study was conducted among the patients visiting private dental colleges using their case records in the electronic information management system. The subjects were selected randomly from the digital data entry and the data required was collected. The records were collected from the month of June 2019 to March 2020, with a total of 24,525 case sheets were retrieved. Age of the patients was categorized into 18 to 25 years, 26 to 35 years and 36 to 45 years. Case sheets which recorded Class 1 occlusal pit and fissure caries and gender of the patients were used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics, chi-square statistical tests were conducted using the SPSS software version 23.0. In our sample, 60.4% of males had 7-12 occlusal pit and fissure caries, and 58.3% had 4-6 Occlusal Pit and Fissure caries followed by 58.4% had 0-3 occlusal pit and Fissure caries. Comparatively the females had a lesser number of occlusal Pit and Fissure caries, and there was no statistically significant association between gender and occlusal pit and fissure caries (P<0.05) in our study. In conclusion, the prevalence of occlusal Pit and Fissure caries was higher among males compared to females with the highest distribution in the age group of 18 to 25 years.
Association between osteoporosis and gender, age, hypothyroidism, sex hormones among the middle-aged and old-aged population - A survey-based analysis
Authors: Helen Reshma K  , Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj  , Vishnu Priya V
Published: September 2020

Osteoporosis is a bone disease that results in weakening of bones and breakage of bones in severe cases. It means porous bone. It is most commonly seen in elderly people of both the sexes. In the early stages of bone loss, there are no symptoms. But once the bone gets weakened symptoms such as back pain, stooped posture, loss of height over time and easy breakage of bones can be seen. Age, sex, family history, sex hormones, thyroid problems are the risk factors of osteoporosis. Dietary factors such as low calcium intake and eating disorders are also the risk factor in osteoporosis. Sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco use can increase the risk of osteoporosis: good nutrition and regular exercise help to keep our bones healthy throughout our life. A self-administered questionnaire containing about 15 questions were prepared and circulated through online survey Google forms link. About 100 middle-aged and old-aged male and female people responded to the survey. The responses were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS software. 54% of the total population was male. 53% of the participants have responded that they have back pain. 38% of people responded that their parents or siblings suffer from osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is more common among elderly people and in postmenopausal women. Also, not only women but men also suffer from osteoporosis. A proper healthy diet and weight-bearing exercises can prevent osteoporosis. Prevention from fractures is the primary goal in osteoporosis.
Association of work related risk factors on the development of the neck and upper extremity pain among adult and middle aged population - A survey based analysis
Authors: Aarthi Muthukumar  , Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj  , Hima Sandeep A
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study is to create awareness about neck and upper extremity pain caused by work related risk factors. Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) are defined as injuries or disorders of musculoskeletal tissues associated with workplace related risk factors. Work related musculoskeletal disorders are also known as cumulative trauma disorders, repetitive strain injuries or overuse injuries. Work related musculoskeletal disorders of the neck are more common among people who spend a great deal of time using computers. Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common causes of long term sick leave and disability pension in several industrial countries. A questionnaire was created with a set of 19 questions related to their type of occupation, amount of stress, any musculoskeletal disorders due to stress, and about the awareness of musculoskeletal disorders. 100 random participants of adults and middle aged population were selected for the study. Random sampling method was done. The participants were asked to fill the questionnaire in an online site using Google forms. The results were collected and statistically analyzed. 22% of the participants have heavy work stress and 36% have moderate amount of work stress. 12% of the participants experience neck or upper extremity pain very often which is followed by 24% experiencing it often. 63% of the respondents agree with the fact that a small walk every 40 minutes between work will reduce work related neck or upper extremity pain. This survey aims in creating awareness among people about work related risk factors on the development of neck and upper extremity pain in the adult and middle aged population.