bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systems biology approach to understanding post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Thakur Gunjan S. , Daigle Jr Bernie J. , Dean Kelsey R. , Zhang Yuanyang , Rodriguez-Fernandez Maria , Hammamieh Rasha , Yang Ruoting , Jett Marti , Palma Joseph , Petzold Linda R. , Doyle III Francis J.
Published: January 2015

This review paper presents known biological facts about PTSD and the mathematical/systems biology tools used to understand the underpinning molecular principles.
Nanoscale, conformal polysiloxane thin film electrolytes for three-dimensional battery architectures
Authors: Chen Nan , Reeja-Jayan B. , Lau Jonathan , Moni Priya , Liu Andong , Dunn Bruce , Gleason Karen K.
Published: January 2015

A nanoscale polymer electrolyte, which is stable, conformal and pinhole-free, has been synthesized via iCVD for 3D Li+ batteries architectures.
Association of Pseudomonas putida formaldehyde dehydrogenase with superparamagnetic nanoparticles: an effective way of improving the enzyme stability, performance and recycling
Authors: Netto Caterina G. C. M. , Andrade Leandro H. , Toma Henrique E.
Published: January 2015

The association of formaldehyde dehydrogenase fromPseudomonas putida(FalDH) with two different magnetic nanoparticles led to distinct enzyme responses depending upon the chemical modification process applied.
Computational design of novel peptidomimetic inhibitors of cadherin homophilic interactions
Authors: Doro Fabio , Colombo Cinzia , Alberti Chiara , Arosio Daniela , Belvisi Laura , Casagrande Cesare , Fanelli Roberto , Manzoni Leonardo , Parisini Emilio , Piarulli Umberto , Luison Elena , Figini Mariangela , Tomassetti Antonella , Civera Monica
Published: January 2015

Peptidomimetic 3 mimicking the DWVI adhesive sequence of the cadherin EC1 domain inhibits cadherin-mediated adhesion in epithelial ovarian cancer cells.
A highly selective ratiometric bifunctional fluorescence probe for Hg2+and F−ions
Authors: Xu Qing-Wen , Wang Chen , Sun Zuo-Bang , Zhao Cui-Hua
Published: January 2015

A dithioacetal-containing triarylborane behaves as a promising ratiometric bifunctional fluorescence probe to detect Hg2+and F−simultaneously.
Inorganic anion-assisted supramolecular assemblies of bent dipyridines: effects of anionic geometries on hydrogen-bonding networks
Authors: Ding Xue-Hua , Wang Shi , Li Yong-Hua , Huang Wei
Published: January 2015

Effects of inorganic anionic geometries on supramolecular assemblies and their crystal structures.
Indolizine synthesis via Cu-catalyzed cyclization of 2-(2-enynyl)pyridines with nucleophiles
Authors: Liu Ren-Rong , Cai Zheng-Yi , Lu Chuan-Jun , Ye Shi-Chun , Xiang Bin , Gao Jianrong , Jia Yi-Xia
Published: January 2015

Cu-catalyzed cyclization of 2-(2-enynyl)pyridines with various nucleophiles was developed, providing efficient access to indolizine derivatives.
Flexible AlN flags for efficient wind energy harvesting at ultralow cut-in wind speed
Authors: Petroni S. , Rizzi F. , Guido F. , Cannavale A. , Donateo T. , Ingrosso F. , Mastronardi V. M. , Cingolani R. , De Vittorio M.
Published: January 2015

Flexible AlN for better harvesting of wind power at low wind speed.
2′-N-Guanidino,4′-C-ethylene bridged thymidine (GENA-T) modified oligonucleotide exhibits triplex formation with excellent enzymatic stability
Authors: Barman Jharna , Gurav Deepanjali , Oommen Oommen P. , Varghese Oommen P.
Published: January 2015

We present the synthesis and characterization of 2′-N-guanidino,4′-C-ethylene bridged thymidine (GENA-T) modified oligo-DNA that forms a stable triplex (ΔTm +9.5 °C) with exceptional nuclease stability.
Enhancing the electroluminescence performances of novel platinum(ii) polymetallayne-based phosphorescent polymers through employing functionalized IrIII phosphorescent units and facilitating triplet energy transfer
Authors: Huang Zuan , Liu Boao , Zhao Jiang , He Yue , Yan Xiaogang , Xu Xianbin , Zhou Guijiang , Yang Xiaolong , Wu Zhaoxin
Published: January 2015

Novel phosphorescent polymers are developed with platinum(ii) polymetallayne-based backbones bearing functionalized IrIII phosphorescent units to promote highly efficient triplet state energy-transfer and achieve high EL performances.
New AIEgens containing tetraphenylethene and silole moieties: tunable intramolecular conjugation, aggregation-induced emission characteristics and good device performance
Authors: Yang Jie , Sun Ning , Huang Jing , Li Qianqian , Peng Qian , Tang Xi , Dong Yongqiang , Ma Dongge , Li Zhen
Published: January 2015

Three AIE luminogens were successfully synthesized by the covalent incorporation of tetraphenylethene into the dibenzosilole core, and their emission colours were tuned through simple structural modifications.
Correction: Assessment of pozzolanic activity of thermally activated clay and its impact on strength development in cement mortar
Authors: Amin Noor-ul- , Alam Sultan , Gul Saeed
Published: January 2015

Correction for ‘Assessment of pozzolanic activity of thermally activated clay and its impact on strength development in cement mortar’ by Noor-ul- Amin et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 6079–6084.
Novel phases of lithium-aluminum binaries from first-principles structural search
Authors: Sarmiento-Pérez Rafael , Cerqueira Tiago F. T. , Valencia-Jaime Irais , Amsler Maximilian , Goedecker Stefan , Romero Aldo H. , Botti Silvana , Marques Miguel A. L.
Published: January 2015

Intermetallic Li–Al compounds are on the one hand key materials for light-weight engineering, and on the other hand, they have been proposed for high-capacity electrodes for Li batteries. We determine from first-principles the phase diagram of Li–Al binary crystals using the minima hopping structural prediction method. Beside reproducing the experimentally reported phases (LiAl, Li3Al2, Li9Al4, LiAl3, and Li2Al), we unveil a structural variety larger than expected by discovering six unreported binary phases likely to be thermodynamically stable. Finally, we discuss the behavior of the elastic constants and of the electric potential profile of all Li–Al stable compounds as a function of their stoichiometry.
Probing the density of states of two-level tunneling systems in silicon oxide films using superconducting lumped element resonators
Authors: Skacel S. T. , Kaiser Ch. , Wuensch S. , Rotzinger H. , Lukashenko A. , Jerger M. , Weiss G. , Siegel M. , Ustinov A. V.
Published: January 2015

We have investigated dielectric losses in amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiO) thin films under operating conditions of superconducting qubits (mK temperatures and low microwave powers). For this purpose, we have developed a broadband measurement setup employing multiplexed lumped element resonators using a broadband power combiner and a low-noise amplifier. The measured temperature and power dependences of the dielectric losses are in good agreement with those predicted for atomic two-level tunneling systems (TLS). By measuring the losses at different frequencies, we found that the TLS density of states is energy dependent. This had not been seen previously in loss measurements. These results contribute to a better understanding of decoherence effects in superconducting qubits and suggest a possibility to minimize TLS-related decoherence by reducing the qubit operation frequency.
Calibration-independent measurement of complex permittivity of liquids using a coaxial transmission line
Authors: Guoxin Cheng
Published: January 2015

In recent years, several calibration-independent transmission/reflection methods have been developed to determine the complex permittivity of liquid materials. However, these methods experience their own respective defects, such as the requirement of multi measurement cells, or the presence of air gap effect. To eliminate these drawbacks, a fast calibration-independent method is proposed in this paper. There are two main advantages of the present method over those in the literature. First, only one measurement cell is required. The cell is measured when it is empty and when it is filled with liquid. This avoids the air gap effect in the approach, in which the structure with two reference ports connected with each other is needed to be measured. Second, it eliminates the effects of uncalibrated coaxial cables, adaptors, and plug sections; systematic errors caused by the experimental setup are avoided by the wave cascading matrix manipulations. Using this method, three dielectric reference liquids, i.e., ethanol, ethanediol, and pure water, and low-loss transformer oil are measured over a wide frequency range to validate the proposed method. Their accuracy is assessed by comparing the results with those obtained from the other well known techniques. It is demonstrated that this proposed method can be used as a robust approach for fast complex permittivity determination of liquid materials.
Note: A novel trigger generator for a pseudospark switch
Authors: Chatzakis J. , Hassan S. M. , Clark E. L. , Lee P. , Tatarakis M.
Published: January 2015

A novel trigger generator for operating a pseudospark switch has been developed based on a series connection of several insulated gate bipolar transistors. The trigger generator can be operated in single shot mode up to a repetition rate of 1 kHz. It is characterized by a fast rise time and low jitter between the output trigger pulses of less than 1 ns. It produces 3 kV, 1 μs pulses into a 50 Ω load that can trigger a pseudospark switch. By eliminating bulkier, slower high voltage components, the overall volume of the trigger generator is reduced. This allows for faster, high voltage switching to take place and thereby increasing the power density of the unit. Using this pseudospark trigger generator, it is possible to trigger single or multiple pseudospark gaps without the requirement to use a pulse shaping circuit.
Note: A balloon-borne accelerometer technique for measuring atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Marlton Graeme J. , Giles Harrison R. , Nicoll Keri A. , Williams Paul D.
Published: January 2015

A weather balloon and its suspended instrument package behave like a pendulum with a moving pivot. This dynamical system is exploited here for the detection of atmospheric turbulence. By adding an accelerometer to the instrument package, the size of the swings induced by atmospheric turbulence can be measured. In test flights, strong turbulence has induced accelerations greater than 5g, where g = 9.81 m s−2. Calibration of the accelerometer data with a vertically orientated lidar has allowed eddy dissipation rate values of between 10−3 and 10−2 m2 s−3 to be derived from the accelerometer data. The novel use of a whole weather balloon and its adapted instrument package can be used as a new instrument to make standardized in situ measurements of turbulence.
High-bandwidth, high-sampling-rate, low-noise, two-probe transient photovoltage measuring system
Authors: Chen Xiaoqing , Wu Bo
Published: January 2015

In this article, we present a two-probe configuration for measuring transient photovoltage (TPV) signals from photo-electronic semiconductor devices. Unlike in a conventional one-probe system, the two electrodes of the devices under test in this study are both monitored in our new measuring system, giving rise to a significantly enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. Tentative experimental data ob tained from N, N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine-based organic semiconductor devices show that the bandwidth and the sampling rate of the system reach 1.5 GHz and 50 GS/s, respectively, without degradation of the noise level. In addition, the study of TPV signals on each individual electrode is allowed. The TPV values measured by the two individual probes are not identically equal to half of the differential TPV and will not cancel each other out as expected. This abnormal phenomenon is due to the photoelectric response of the photo-electronic material. This novel two-probe TPV measuring technique and abnormal TPV behavior might be useful for studying more dynamic processes in photo-electronic semiconductors.
Theoretical study of the interparticle interaction of nanoparticles randomly dispersed on a substrate
Authors: Horikoshi S. , Kato T.
Published: January 2015

Metal nanoparticles exhibit the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) due to the collective oscillation of their conduction electrons, which is induced by external electromagnetic radiation. The finite-differential time-domain (FDTD) method is widely used as an electromagnetic field analysis tool for nanoparticles. Although the influence of interparticle interactions is taken into consideration in the FDTD calculation for the plural particles configuration, the FDTD calculation of a random configuration is very difficult, particularly in the case of non-spherical particles. In this study, a theoretical calculation method incorporating interparticle interactions on a substrate with various particle shapes and sizes on a subwavelength scale is developed. The interparticle interaction is incorporated following FDTD calculation with an isolated single particle. This is explained systematically using a signal flow graph. Moreover, the mirror image effect of the substrate and the retardation effect are also taken into account in this method. The validity of this method is verified by calculations for simple arrangements of nanoparticles. In addition, it is confirmed that the method can improve the accuracy of predicted experimental results for Au nanoparticles prepared by the sputtering method, in terms of the plasmon peak wavelength. This method may enable the design of LSPR devices by controlling nanoparticle characteristics, such as the size, shape, and distribution density.
Spectroscopic study of low-temperature hydrogen absorption in palladium
Authors: Ienaga K. , Takata H. , Onishi Y. , Inagaki Y. , Tsujii H. , Kimura T. , Kawae T.
Published: January 2015

We report real-time detection of hydrogen (H) absorption in metallic palladium (Pd) nano-contacts immersed in liquid H2 using inelastic electron spectroscopy (IES). After introduction of liquid H2, the spectra exhibit the time evolution from the pure Pd to the Pd hydride, indicating that H atoms are absorbed in Pd nano-contacts even at the temperature where the thermal process is not expected. The IES time and bias voltage dependences show that H absorption develops by applying bias voltage 30 ∼ 50 mV, which can be explained by quantum tunneling. The results represent that IES is a powerful method to study the kinetics of high density H on solid surface.
One-parameter formal deformations of Hom-Lie-Yamaguti algebras
Authors: Ma Yao , Chen Liangyun , Lin Jie
Published: January 2015

This paper studies one-parameter formal deformations of Hom-Lie-Yamaguti algebras. The first, second, and third cohomology groups on Hom-Lie-Yamaguti algebras extending ones on Lie-Yamaguti algebras are provided. It is proved that first and second cohomology groups are suitable to the deformation theory involving infinitesimals, equivalent deformations, and rigidity. However, the third cohomology group is not suitable for the obstructions.
Perpendicular diffusion of energetic particles: Numerical test of the theorem on reduced dimensionality
Authors: Qin G. , Shalchi A.
Published: January 2015

A fundamental statement in diffusion theory is provided by the so-called theorem on reduced dimensionality. The latter theorem is saying that if the dimensionality of the turbulence is reduced, charged particles are tied to a single magnetic field line. If there is pitch-angle scattering and therewith parallel diffusion, this usually means that perpendicular transport is subdiffusive. Subdiffusive transport was found in numerous simulations for slab turbulence. However, it was unclear whether the theorem is valid for other models with reduced dimensionality such as the two-dimensional model. In the current paper, we simultaneously trace magnetic field lines and energetic particles and we compute the distance between the particle and the initial field line. We confirm the aforementioned theorem for slab turbulence but we cannot confirm it for two-dimensional turbulence. We also show that particles are not tied to field lines for two-component turbulence.
Dipolar field-induced spin-wave waveguides for spin-torque magnonics
Authors: Demidov V. E. , Urazhdin S. , Zholud A. , Sadovnikov A. V. , Demokritov S. O.
Published: January 2015

We use high-resolution imaging to study the propagation of spin waves in magnonic waveguides created by the dipolar magnetic fields of microscopic patterns. We show that the characteristics of spin-wave modes in such waveguides depend strongly on their geometry. In particular, by tuning the geometrical parameters, field-induced confinement for both the edge and the center waveguide modes can be achieved, enabling control over the spin-wave transmission characteristics. The studied waveguiding structures are particularly promising for the implementation of magnonic devices utilizing spin-torque phenomena.
Interface engineering using an Fe oxide insertion layer for growing a metastable bcc-Co on MgO(001)
Authors: Nozaki Takayuki , Kubota Hitoshi , Fukushima Akio , Yuasa Shinji
Published: January 2015

We report a technique to form a high quality bcc-Co thin film on MgO by inserting an ultrathin γ-Fe2O3 layer. An ultrathin Co layer directly grown on MgO takes the well-known island growth mode, while the insertion of an ultrathin γ-Fe2O3 layer thicker than 0.2 nm provides a clear improvement in the crystalline quality even for 1.0 nm thick Co. Additionally, a metastable bcc-Co layer was obtained when the thickness of the γ-Fe2O3 layer was increased up to 0.4 nm. Owing to the morphological improvement, even the 0.6-nm-thick Co layer exhibited ferromagnetic hysteresis curves with high remanence. The interface engineering developed here offers increased flexibility in the structural design for spintronic devices.
Analytic model of the energy distribution function for highly energetic electrons in magnetron plasmas
Authors: Gallian Sara , Trieschmann Jan , Mussenbrock Thomas , Brinkmann Ralf Peter , Hitchon William N. G.
Published: January 2015

This paper analyzes a situation which is common for magnetized technical plasmas such as dc magnetron discharges and high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) systems, where secondary electrons enter the plasma after being accelerated in the cathode fall and encounter a nearly uniform bulk. An analytic calculation of the distribution function of hot electrons is presented; these are described as an initially monoenergetic beam that slows down by Coulomb collisions with a Maxwellian distribution of bulk (cold) electrons, and by inelastic collisions with neutrals. Although this analytical solution is based on a steady-state assumption, a comparison of the characteristic time-scales suggests that it may be applicable to a variety of practical time-dependent discharges, and it may be used to introduce kinetic effects into models based on the hypothesis of Maxwellian electrons. The results are verified for parameters appropriate to HiPIMS discharges, by means of time-dependent and fully kinetic numerical calculations.
Effect of higher order dispersion parameters on optical millimeter-wave generation using three parallel external optical modulators
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Raghuwanshi Sanjeev Kumar
Published: January 2015

This paper presents a, both experimental and theoretical, study of the influence of higher order fiber dispersion parameter on the optical mm-wave generation using 3-parallel Mach Zehnder Modulators. Both individual and combined effects of the dispersion parameters, i.e., second order- and third order- (3OD) are investigated. This research demonstrates that the 3OD is significantly affected by the optical mm-wave propagation through the International Telecommunication Union fiber of different lengths. The results of the simulation are in good agreement with those of the experiments. The Bit error rate, Q factor, optical sideband suppression ratio, radio frequency spurious ratio, and eye diagrams are given and discussed.
On specular reflectivity measurements in high and low-contrast relativistic laser-plasma interactions
Authors: Kemp G. E. , Link A. , Ping Y. , McLean H. S. , Patel P. K. , Freeman R. R. , Schumacher D. W. , Tiedje H. F. , Tsui Y. Y. , Ramis R. , Fedosejevs R.
Published: January 2015

Using both experiment and 2D3V particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we describe the use of specular reflectivity measurements to study relativistic (Iλ2 > 1018 W/cm2⋅μm2) laser-plasma interactions for both high and low-contrast 527 nm laser pulses on initially solid density aluminum targets. In the context of hot-electron generation, studies typically rely on diagnostics which, more-often-than-not, represent indirect processes driven by fast electrons transiting through solid density materials. Specular reflectivity measurements, however, can provide a direct measure of the interaction that is highly sensitive to how the EM fields and plasma profiles, critical input parameters for modeling of hot-electron generation, evolve near the interaction region. While the fields of interest occur near the relativistic critical electron density, experimental reflectivity measurements are obtained centimeters away from the interaction region, well after diffraction has fully manifested itself. Using a combination of PIC simulations with experimentally inspired conditions and an analytic, non-paraxial, pulse propagation algorithm, we calculate reflected pulse properties, both near and far from the interaction region, and compare with specular reflectivity measurements. The experiment results and PIC simulations demonstrate that specular reflectivity measurements are an extremely sensitive qualitative, and partially quantitative, indicator of initial laser/target conditions, ionization effects, and other details of intense laser-matter interactions. The techniques described can provide strong constraints on many systems of importance in ultra-intense laser interactions with matter.
Wave-particle dynamics of waveform and defect evolutions in undulated nonlinear self-excited dust acoustic waves
Authors: Tsai Jun-Yi , Tsai Ya-Yi , I Lin
Published: January 2015

The wave-particle dynamics for the evolutions of defects and surrounding pitchfork type waveforms of a weakly disordered self-excited dust acoustic wave is experimentally investigated in an rf dusty plasma system. Particle trajectories are tracked and correlated with waveform evolution to construct an Eulerian-Lagrangian wave-particle dynamical picture. It is found that the local accumulation and depletion of particles in the wave crest and rear, respectively, determines the local crest speed, and the growth and decay of the local crest height, which in turn determine the waveform evolution. The local crest height and the focusing and defocusing of particle trajectories due to the transverse force fields from the tilted wave crest and the non-uniform crest height along the wave crest are the key factors to determine the above particle accumulation and depletion. It explains the observations such as the lower speed of smaller crests, the straightening of the leading front of the pitchfork waveform associated with the transverse motion of defect to the open side, and the vertical defect gliding in the wave frame through the detachment of the strongly kinked pitchfork branch followed by its reconnection with the trailing crest.
Atomically resolved structural determination of graphene and its point defects via extrapolation assisted phase retrieval
Authors: Latychevskaia Tatiana , Fink Hans-Werner
Published: January 2015

Previously reported crystalline structures obtained by an iterative phase retrieval reconstruction of their diffraction patterns seem to be free from displaying any irregularities or defects in the lattice, which appears to be unrealistic. We demonstrate here that the structure of a nanocrystal including its atomic defects can unambiguously be recovered from its diffraction pattern alone by applying a direct phase retrieval procedure not relying on prior information of the object shape. Individual point defects in the atomic lattice are clearly apparent. Conventional phase retrieval routines assume isotropic scattering. We show that when dealing with electrons, the quantitatively correct transmission function of the sample cannot be retrieved due to anisotropic, strong forward scattering specific to electrons. We summarize the conditions for this phase retrieval method and show that the diffraction pattern can be extrapolated beyond the original record to even reveal formerly not visible Bragg peaks. Such extrapolated wave field pattern leads to enhanced spatial resolution in the reconstruction.
Atomic force microscopy based nanoindentation study of onion abaxial epidermis walls in aqueous environment
Authors: Xi Xiaoning , Kim Seong H. , Tittmann Bernhard
Published: January 2015

An atomic force microscopy based nanoindentation method was employed to study how the structure of cellulose microfibril packing and matrix polymers affect elastic modulus of fully hydrated primary plant cell walls. The isolated, single-layered abaxial epidermis cell wall of an onion bulb was used as a test system since the cellulose microfibril packing in this cell wall is known to vary systematically from inside to outside scales and the most abundant matrix polymer, pectin, can easily be altered through simple chemical treatments such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and calcium ions. Experimental results showed that the pectin network variation has significant impacts on the cell wall modulus, and not the cellulose microfibril packing.
Simulation of electric-field and spin-transfer-torque induced magnetization switching in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Zhang Xiangli , Zhang Zongzhi , Liu Yaowen , Jin Q. Y.
Published: January 2015

Macrospin simulations are performed to model the magnetization switching driven by the combined action of electric-field and spin-polarized electric current (spin-transfer torque; STT) in MgO/CoFeB based magnetic tunnel junctions with interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The results indicate that at low current case, the free layer magnetization shows a fast toggle-like switching, the final parallel or antiparallel magnetization state is determined by the electric-field effect, and the STT just helps or resists it to reach the final state depending on the current direction. However, with the increase of current strength, the contribution of STT effect gradually increases, which eventually achieves a deterministic magnetization switching state. Simulations further demonstrate that by appropriately tuning the parameters of applied electric-field and current the power consumption can be easily reduced by two orders of magnitude.
An electrically injected rolled-up semiconductor tube laser
Authors: Dastjerdi M. H. T. , Djavid M. , Mi Z.
Published: January 2015

We have demonstrated electrically injected rolled-up semiconductor tube lasers, which are formed when a coherently strained InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum well heterostructure is selectively released from the underlying InP substrate. The device exhibits strong coherent emission in the wavelength range of ∼1.5 μm. A lasing threshold of ∼1.05 mA is measured for a rolled-up tube with a diameter of ∼5 μm and wall thickness of ∼140 nm at 80 K. The Purcell factor is estimated to be ∼4.3.
Over reporting of congenital syphilis in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Ye Xingdong , Tang Shao-Kai , Dai Xiangnong , He Wanping , Zhu Huilan , Zhang Xibao
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rationality of congenital syphilis (CS) cases reported by physicians in hospitals of various levels in Guangzhou, China. The over-reporting rate was calculated. The results suggested that 49.1% (54 out of 110) of the CS cases reviewed were identified as cases that should be reported; 18 of the 54 CS case were confirmed CS cases and 50.9% (56 out of 110) were identified as over reported. Factors associated with CS case misclassification were analysed. To decrease the incidence of CS, antenatal care management and rapid plasma reagin titres should be provided and the follow up for children should be raised.
Reconstructed paternal genotypes reveal variable rates of multiple paternity at three rookeries of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in Western Australia
Authors: Tedeschi J. N. , Mitchell N. J. , Berry O. , Whiting S. , Meekan M. , Kennington W. J.
Published: January 2015

Female sea turtles are promiscuous, with clutches of eggs often sired by multiple males and rates of multiple paternity varying greatly within and across species. We investigated levels of multiple paternity in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from three rookeries in Western Australia by analysing polymorphic species-specific genetic markers. We predicted that the level of multiple paternity would be related to female population size and hence the large rookery at Dirk Hartog Island would have higher rates of multiple paternity than two smaller mainland rookeries at Gnaraloo Bay and Bungelup Beach. Contrary to our prediction, we found highly variable rates of multiple paternity among the rookeries that we sampled, which was unrelated to female population size (25% at Bungelup Beach, 86% at Gnaraloo Bay, and 36% at Dirk Hartog Island). Approximately 45 different males sired 25 clutches and the average number of sires per clutch ranged from 1.2 to 2.1, depending on the rookery sampled. The variance in rates of multiple paternity among rookeries suggests that operational sex ratios are variable in Western Australia. Periodic monitoring would show whether the observed patterns of multiple paternity for these three rookeries are stable over time, and our data provide a baseline for detecting shifts in operational sex ratios.
The value of monitoring to control evolving populations
Authors: Fischer Andrej , Vázquez-García Ignacio , Mustonen Ville
Published: January 2015

Significance

Evolution of drug resistance, as observed in bacteria, viruses, parasites, and cancer, is a key challenge for global health. We approach the problem using the mathematical concepts of stochastic optimal control to study what is needed to control evolving populations. We focus on the detrimental effect of imperfect information and the loss of control it entails, thus quantifying the intuition that to control, one must monitor. We apply these concepts to cancer therapy to derive protocols where decisions are based on monitoring the response of the tumor, which can outperform established therapy paradigms.
Genomic and proteomic characterization of “
Candidatus
Nitrosopelagicus brevis”: An ammonia-oxidizing archaeon from the open ocean
Authors: Santoro Alyson E. , Dupont Christopher L. , Richter R. Alex , Craig Matthew T. , Carini Paul , McIlvin Matthew R. , Yang Youngik , Orsi William D. , Moran Dawn M. , Saito Mak A.
Published: January 2015

Significance

Thaumarchaeota are among the most abundant microbial cells in the ocean, but to date, complete genome sequences for marine Thaumarchaeota are lacking. Here, we report the 1.23-Mbp genome of the pelagic ammonia-oxidizing thaumarchaeon “
Candidatus
Nitrosopelagicus brevis” str. CN25. We present the first proteomic data, to our knowledge, from this phylum, which show a high proportion of proteins translated in oligotrophic conditions. Metagenomic fragment recruitment using data from the open ocean indicate the ubiquitous presence of
Ca.
N. brevis-like sequences in the surface ocean and suggest
Ca
. N. brevis as a model system for understanding the ecology and evolution of pelagic marine Thaumarchaeota.
Reliability of arterial spin labelling measurements of perfusion within the quadriceps during steady‐state exercise
Authors: Fulford Jonathan , Vanhatalo Anni
Published: January 2015

Arterial spin labelling (ASL) provides a potential method to non‐invasively determine muscle blood flow and examine the impact of interventions such as supplementation and training. However, it's a method with intrinsically low signal, leading to limitations in accuracy and temporal resolution. To examine these limitations, the current study measured perfusion via ASL on three occasions in the rectus femoris of 10 healthy adults, during light and moderate exercise, over three different exercise durations. For data sampled over 9 min, light intensity exercise gave an average perfusion of 35.0 ± 5.1 ml/min.100g−1 with a coefficient of variation (COV) of 16% and single intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.67. For the moderate bout, perfusion was 51.3 ± 5.6 ml/min.100g−1 (COV 10%, ICC 0.82). When the same data were analyzed over 5 min 24 s, perfusion was 37.8 ± 11.13 (COV 30%, ICC 0.13) during light and 49.5 ± 8.8 ml/min.100g−1 (COV 18%, ICC 0.52) during moderate exercise. When sampling was reduced to 1 min 48 s, perfusion was 41.2 ± 13.7 (COV 33%, ICC 0.26) during light and 49.5 ± 13.6 ml/min.100g−1 (COV 28%, ICC 0.04) during moderate exercise. For 9 min a significant perfusion difference was found between the exercise intensities; however, this was not the case for sampling over 5 min 24 s or 1 min 48 s. Such findings illustrate the potential of ASL to non‐invasively monitor muscle perfusion under steady‐state conditions, but highlight that extended exercise protocols are necessary in order to generate date of sufficient reliability to be able to discriminate intervention dependent perfusion differences.
Current status and future trends of medical physics in Mexico
Authors: Nieto J Azorin
Published: January 2015

Medical Physics is an area that applies the principles of physics to medicine, particularly in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases using ionizing and nonionizing radiation. The main attractive of medical physics is that it has a direct impact on the quality and safety of medical care in humans; this social component with direct implications for the population is of high value for Mexico. This paper describes the concepts of medical physics, trends and the current status of this discipline as a profession, which is directly related to the efforts of clinical research. It is also described what is, in my opinion, the future of medical physics in Mexico, emphasizing the fact that this field requires a substantial boost from universities and hospitals to recruit highly qualified young medical physicists and the support from government agencies such as Secretaria de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social and Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado through clinical research projects that allow the necessary evolution of medical physics into the hospital setting.
Dose measurements in intraoral radiography using thermoluminescent dosimeters
Authors: Azorín C , Azorín J , Aguirre F , Rivera T
Published: January 2015

The use of X-ray in medicine demands to expose the patient and the professional to the lowest radiation doses available in agreement with ALARA philosophy. The reference level for intraoral dental radiography is 7 mGy and, in Mexico, a number of examinations of this type are performed annually. It is considered that approximately 25% of all the X-rays examinations carried out in our country correspond to intraoral radiographies. In other hand, most of the intraoral X-ray equipment correspond to conventional radiological systems using film, which are developed as much manual as automatically.

In this work the results of determining the doses received by the patients in intraoral radiological examinations made with different radiological systems using LiF:Mg,Cu,P+PTFE thermoluminescent dosimeters are presented.

In some conventional radiological systems using film, when films are developed manual or automatically, incident kerma up to 10.61 ± 0.74 mGv were determined. These values exceed that reference level suggested by the IAEA and in the Mexican standards for intraoral examinations.
Drop deformation in two-roll mills considering wall effects
Authors: Escalante-Velázquez C A , Huesca-Reyes M A , Rosas I Yescas , Geffroy E
Published: January 2015

Experimental, theoretical and numerical results of dynamics of drop deformation in strong flows generated by a co-rotating two-roll mill and considering the influence of near rigid walls are presented. The drop dynamics is altered, with respect to a drop free of wall effects, by the proximity of the rigid boundaries as well as caused by a non-linear and non-uniform flow due to gradients of flow-type parameter and shear rate. Simulations were carried out using the Boundary Element Method (BEM). Since the inclusion of the whole boundaries (drop and rollers surfaces) is not an easy and trivial task, bi-dimensional numerical simulations was performed as a first approach. The experimental and numerical results were obtained for a flow type ofα= 0.03 and two values of viscosity ratioλ= 0.012 and 16. In general, numerical results for the stationary deformation parameters, up to intermediate confinements, are in agreement with the experiments, with and without wall effects. Since the case of drops with a high viscosity ratio did not match existing theoretical models, the wall-effect theory of Shapira and Haber was modified, considering Cox's second-order theory as the converging theory without wall effects. From low to intermediate confinements, the new Cox-Shapira-Haber model fitted the observed experimental deformations.
Bioelectric Signal Measuring System
Authors: Guadarrama-Santana A , Pólo-Parada L , García-Valenzuela A
Published: January 2015

We describe a low noise measuring system based on interdigitated electrodes for sensing bioelectrical signals. The system registers differential voltage measurements in order of microvolts. The base noise during measurements was in nanovolts and thus, the sensing signals presented a very good signal to noise ratio. An excitation voltage of 1Vrmswith 10 KHz frequency was applied to an interdigitated capacitive sensor without a material under test and to a mirror device simultaneously. The output signals of both devices was then subtracted in order to obtain an initial reference value near cero volts and reduce parasitic capacitances due to the electronics, wiring and system hardware as well. The response of the measuring system was characterized by monitoring temporal bioelectrical signals in real time of biological materials such as embryo chicken heart cells and bovine suprarenal gland cells.
Kinetics modeling of the drying of sunflower stem (Helianthus annuus L.) in a forced convection tunnel
Authors: López R , Vaca M , Terres H , Lizardi A , Morales J , Flores J , Chávez S
Published: January 2015

The sunflower is an annual plant native to the Americas. It possesses a large inflorescence (flowering head), and its name is derived from the flower's shape and image, which is often used to capture the sun. The plant has a rough, broad, hairy stem, coarsely toothed, with rough leaves, and circular flower heads. The sunflower seeds are appreciated for their oil, which has become a widespread cooking ingredient. Leaves of the sunflower can be used as cattle feed, while the stems contain a fiber that may be used in paper production. Recently this flower has been used in phytoremediation of soils, contaminated with heavy metals. Sunflower has been probed as an efficient phytoextractor of chromium, lead, aluminum, zinc, cadmium from soil.

In this work we present the experimental results of the drying of the sunflower stem, cut in 100 mm longitudinal sections, with diameters in the range of 11-18 mm. The aim was to obtain a dry and easy-to-handle final product, since these plants were originally cultivated in order to extract heavy metals from a polluted soil. The dried stems could then be easily confined or sent to recycle premises to concentrate the metals.

The drying process was done in forced convection within a hot air tunnel. The used temperature was 60 °C, the velocity of air was 3 m/s and the required times were 8 hours. The initial average wet mass was 28 g and the final value was 5 g, resulting in the aimed product.
Thermocouples calibration and analysis of the influence of the length of the sensor coating
Authors: Noriega M , Ramírez R , López R , Vaca M , Morales J , Terres H , Lizardi A , Chávez S
Published: January 2015

This paper presents the design and construction of a lab prototype, with a much lower cost compared to the ones commercially sold, enabling the manufacture of thermocouples which are then calibrated to verify their functionality and acceptance. We also analyze the influence of the external insulation over the wires, to determine whether it influences temperature measurement. The tested lengths ranged from 0.00 m up to 0.030 m. The thermocouple was compared against the behavior of a thermocouple of the same type that was purchased with a commercial supplier. The obtained measurement showed less than 1 °C difference in some points. This makes the built thermocouple reliable, since the standard allows a difference of up to 2.2 °C.
Graphene-like carbon synthesized from popcorn flakes
Authors: Mendoza D , Flores C B , Berrú R Y Sato
Published: January 2015

The synthesis of graphene-like carbon using popcorn kernels as a renewable resource is presented. In a first step popcorn kernels were heated to produce popcorn flakes with a spongy appearance consisting of a polygonal cellular structure. In a second step, the flakes were treated at high temperature in an inert atmosphere to produce carbonization. Raman spectroscopy shows graphene-like structure with a high degree of disorder.
Obtaining the wavefront phase maps of free form surfaces: using the least squares algorithm
Authors: Villalobos-Mendoza B , Aguirre-Aguirre D , Granados-Agustín F , Cornejo-Rodríguez A
Published: January 2015

In this work is presented the validation of the least squares algorithm proposed by Morgan (1982) and Greivenkamp (1984), to obtain the wavefront phase maps of a free form surface. The validation was made by simulating the synthetic interferograms of a free form surface using a Bessel function, each interferogram was simulated with a phase-shifting ofπ/20. This algorithm is applied to the experimental interferograms that are obtained in a Twyman-Green interferometer where the phase shifting is achieved by using a SLM (Spatial Light Modulator) that is placed in one of its arms; the phase shifts are achieved by displaying all the gray levels from 0 to 255 in the SLM. The phase shifts that are performed in this experimental setup are lower thanπ/4, therefore the conventional algorithms cannot be applied.
Manipulator Controlled since a Smartphone by Bluetooth
Authors: Sánchez-Niño F , Pedroza G Rodríguez , Baldivia E G Castillo
Published: January 2015

We present the design of transmitter interface of data between a microcontroller and Smartphone to control a robot. We used a Bluetooth module to send the commands to control the moving of the manipulator. The system is formed by three parts: the first part, the program made in Android. It is run on the Smartphone that controls the position of the robot. The second part is the reception board based in the PIC18F4550 that energizes the joints of the manipulator. The last part is the driver. It use an integrated circuit L293D that is configured in two full bridges H. This system is a good tool for learning of programing, sensors, actuators, robotic, electronic and design electronic.
A Hydrogen detectors Wireless network for monitoring the gas ambient in a laboratory
Authors: Sánchez-Niño F , Salazar F J De Anda
Published: January 2015

A system to monitor the hydrogen contents in the atmosphere present in the various sections of a crystal growth laboratory has been built. When hydrogen is used in the processes carried out in a laboratory it is important to monitor its content because the oxygen-hydrogen mixture is highly flammable and/or explosive. The system emits a warning when the Hydrogen concentration increases and if the concentration rises above 1% in vol. it shuts down automatically any process that is using hydrogen. The design and performance of the system is reported here.
Study of absorption, emission and EDS properties of Pr3+incorporated in a SiO2matrix by sol-gel method
Authors: Gómez-Miranda M , Ordoñez C Velásquez , Fonseca R Sosa
Published: January 2015

The optical response of the Pr3+ions doped monolith of SiO2prepared by sol-gel method was investigated by absorption and emission spectra. The absorption spectrum shows some typical lines of Pr3+, with these data was made the diagram levels corresponding to SiO2: Pr3+. The emission spectra were taken at 225 nm and 240 nm of wavelength of excitation was measured. In that there are reabsorption line at 423 of the Pr3+ions in the emission host, that means that some kind of host-ion interactions exist. Red and NIR emission at 612 nm, 652 nm, 711 and 728 nm, respectively, from Pr3+ions in SiO2was observed. The transition1S0→3P2at 425 nm is observed because an effective radiative transfer between the silicate glasses host and the praseodymium ions is observed and discussed.
Thermoeconomical analysis of a non-endoreversible Novikov power plant model under different regimes of performance
Authors: Pacheco-Páez J C , Angulo-Brown F , Barranco-Jiménez M A
Published: January 2015

In this work, we study the thermoeconomics of a non-endoreversible simplified thermal power plant model, the so-called Novikov engine. Our study is made by means of the maximization of objective functions defined by the quotient of the characteristic functions (power output, efficient power and ecological function) and the total costs considered in the performance of the power plant. In our study three different costs are considered: a capital cost that is proportional to the investment and, therefore, to the size of the plant, a fuel cost that is proportional to the fuel consumption and a cost associated to maintenance of the power plant; that is, proportional to the power output of the plant. It is shown that under ecological conditions the plant dramatically reduces the amount of heat rejected to the environment, and a loss of profits is translated in an usage of fuels that dramatically reduces the heat rejected towards the environment in comparison to that obtained by means of maximum power regime.
Image processing applied to measurement of particle size
Authors: Vega Fabio , Lasso Willian , Torres Cesar
Published: January 2015

Five different types of aggregates have been analyzed, and the size of particles on samples immersed in distilled water as silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, styrenes and crushed silica particles is made; an attempt at applying the digital image processing (DIP) technique to analyze the particle size, we developed a system of measures microparticles using a microscope, a CCD camera and acquisition software and video processing developed in MATLAB. These studies are combined with laser light using measurements by diffractometry and obtain calibration in the system implemented, in this work we achievement measurement particle size on the order of 4 to 6 micrometers. The study demonstrates that DIP is a fast, convenient, versatile, and accurate technique for particle size analysis; the limitations of implemented setup too will be discussed.
Crossover scaling evaluation in mixed correlated signals by means of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis
Authors: Martínez-García C R , Reyes-Ramírez I , Angulo-Brown F , Guzmán-Vargas L
Published: January 2015

In this work we study the scaling behavior of signals constructed by a class of processes with "intrinsic trends" and correlated noises. We focus our attention in evaluating the appearence of a crossover in the scaling exponents obtained by means of the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis. In particular, we evaluate the conditions of the trend which leads to a crossover where the scaling exponent from small scales (αs) is smaller or larger than the corresponding exponent from large scales (αl). We find that decreasing trend leads toαs>αl, whereas an increasing trend results inαs<αl. We also find that when one introduces correlated noise into a decreasing or increasing trend map, there is a crossover which separates two regions with exponents related to the trend mainly over short scales for decreasing trends, while over large scales, the scaling exponent resembles the behavior of the increasing trend.