bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy with early plexus microreconstruction and late muscle transfers
Authors: Vekris Marios D. , Lykissas Marios G. , Beris Alexandros E. , Manoudis Grigorios , Vekris Anastasios D. , Soucacos Panayiotis N.
Published: April 2008

Birth brachial plexus injury usually affects the upper roots. In most cases, spontaneous reinnervation occurs in a variable degree. This aberrant reinnervation leaves characteristic deformities of the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. Common sequelae are the internal rotation and adduction deformity of the shoulder, elbow flexion contractures, forearm supination deformity, and lack of wrist extension and finger flexion. Nowadays, the strategy in the management of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy focuses in close follow‐up of the baby up to 3–6 months and if there are no signs of recovery, microsurgical repair is indicated. Nonetheless, palliative surgery consisting of an ensemble of secondary procedures is used to further improve the overall function of the upper extremity in patients who present late or fail to improve after primary management. These secondary procedures include transfers of free vascularized and neurotized muscles. We present and discuss our experience in treating early and/or late obstetrical palsies utilizing the above‐mentioned microsurgical strategy and review the literature on the management of brachial plexus birth palsy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
The grape and wine constituent piceatannol inhibits proliferation of human bladder cancer cells via blocking cell cycle progression and inducing Fas/membrane bound Fas ligand‐mediated apoptotic pathway
Authors: Kuo Po‐Lin , Hsu Ya‐Ling
Published: April 2008

Piceatannol (3,3′,4,5′‐Tetrahydroxy‐trans‐stilbene) is a polyphenol present in grapes and wine. Piceatannol is a protein kinase inhibitor that modifies multiple cellular targets exerting immunosuppressive, antileukemic, and antitumorigenic activities in several cell lines and animal models. In this study, the antiproliferative activity of piceatannol was investigated. The results showed that piceatannol inhibited the proliferation of T24 and HT1376 human bladder cancer cells by blocking cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptosis. ELISA showed that the G0/G1 phase arrest is due to an increased in the expression of p21/WAF1. An enhancement in Fas/APO‐1 and membrane‐bound Fas ligand (mFasL) might be responsible for the apoptotic effect induced by piceatannol. Our study reports the novel finding, that the induction of p21/WAF1 and activity of the Fas/mFasL apoptotic system may participate in the antiproliferative activity of piceatannol in T24 and HT1376 cells.
Thermodynamics and linear response of a Bose‐Einstein condensate of microcavity polaritons
Authors: Sarchi Davide , Savona Vincenzo
Published: April 2008

In this work we derive a theory of polariton condensation based on the theory of interacting Bose particles. In particular, we describe self‐consistently the linear excitonphoton coupling and the exciton‐nonlinearities, by generalizing the Hartree‐Fock‐Popov description of BEC to the case of two coupled Bose fields at thermal equilibrium. In this way, we compute the density‐dependent one‐particle spectrum, the energy occupations and the phase diagram. The results quantitatively agree with the existing experimental findings. We then present the equations for the linear response of a polariton condensate and we predict the spectral response of the system to external optical or mechanical perturbations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GaN‐Si‐MEMS structure fabricated from nano‐column GaN quantum well crystal grown on Si substrate
Authors: Hu F. R. , Ito R. , Zhao Y. , Hane K.
Published: April 2008

Nanocolumn‐crystallized InGaN/GaN quantum well crystals were deposited on Si (111) substrate. Photoluminescence measurement demonstrated a wide emission wavelength from about 400 nm to 700 nm. We propose a new light source device combined with Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical Systems (MEMS). The proposed device is monolithically composed of the GaN light source structures and Si MEMS. The direction of the light beam emitted from an array of the light source can be changed by a MEMS beam steering mechanism. A micro‐stage with comb actuators was fabricated from the Si substrate. The InGaN/GaN quantum well film is patterned on the micro‐stage. Basic researches on the growth of GaN crystals on Si substrate were also carried out. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of plasma damage‐free InGaN/GaN LED with periodic deflectors
Authors: Cuong Tran Viet , Kim Hyung Gu , Na Min Gyu , Kim Hyun Kyu , Kim Hee Yun , Ryu Jae Hyoung , Hong Chang‐Hee
Published: April 2008

Mesa‐shape InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes (LED) with V‐shaped periodic deflectors were fabricated by using selective metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). Use of SiO2 dot pattern inside LED structure can be partially contributed to a flat surface without any edge growth effects, which usually occurred at window edge regions after selective MOCVD growth. Therefore this technique promises to eliminate dry etching process by means of mesa pattern and also enhance the light output extraction efficiency. Our results indicated that the light output intensity was significantly increased as compared to that of a conventional‐LED due to the effect of periodic deflectors on facilitating the multiple chances of photons to escape. Smaller value of ideality factor for periodic deflector light emitting diode (PD‐LED) revealed difference in carrier confinement mechanism in region II of forward bias voltage analysis, while the forward bias voltage behavior in other regions was compatible with those of conventional‐LED. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A comparative study on single and double channel AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor
Authors: Zheng Jing Yao , Wu Jenq Shinn , Lin Der Yuh , Lin Hung Ji
Published: April 2008

We present a numerical investigation on the DC and AC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN single (SCHEMT) and double channel high electron mobility transistors (DCHEMT) using the APSYS simulation program. The simulation results indicate that the DCHEMT has a slightly wider range of transconductance and cut‐off frequency for device operation at high current levels than SCHEMT. Besides, we also examine the effect of barrier layer thickness between the two channels in DCHEMT on the transconductance profile. It is found that the operation range of transconductance can be tailored by adjusting the barrier layer thickness. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microstructure of threading dislocations caused by grain boundaries in AlN on sapphire substrates
Authors: Imura M. , Sugimura H. , Okada N. , Iwaya M. , Kamiyama S. , Amano H. , Akasaki I. , Bando A.
Published: April 2008

AlN layers with different crystalline quality were grown on a c‐plane sapphire substrate at 1400 °C by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy. Dislocations in AlN were mostly edge‐type, which was generated at the grain boundaries. Density of this type of dislocations was high in a narrow area compared with pure edge‐type dislocations caused by the misfit between substrate and epilayer. As the film becomes thicker and thicker, dislocations at the grain boundaries were dispersed. The core structure of dislocation was also revealed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spatially resolved luminescence spectroscopy of single GaN/(Al,Ga)N quantum disks
Authors: Jahn U. , Calleja E. , Ristić J. , Trampert A. , Rivera C.
Published: April 2008

The dependence of the optical transition energy Et of GaN quantum disks (Qdisks) embedded within (Al,Ga)N nanocolumns grown on a (111) Si substrate on disk thickness, disk diameter, barrier thickness, and barrier composition has been investigated by both spatially resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and applying a theoretical model. Results of Et on the disk and barrier thickness, as well as barrier composition resemble those of corresponding quantum wells, whereas results on the disk diameter are essentially determined by the lateral strain distribution of the Qdisks. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Orders of magnitude reduction in dislocation density in GaN grown on Si (111) by nano lateral epitaxial overgrowth
Authors: Zang K. Y. , Chua S. J.
Published: April 2008

Nanoscale laterally epitaxial overgrown (NLEO) GaN layers were investigated on Si (111) substrate. Nanoporous SiO2 films on the surfaces of GaN/Si (111) were fabricated by inductively coupled plasma etching using anodic alumina templates as etch masks. GaN was grown over the nanoporous SiO2 layer using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Supersaturation of the source material was investigated to realize a continuous and smooth film. NLEO GaN layers were found to result in a significant reduction of threading dislocation density ∼108 cm–2, characterized by atomic force microscopy and cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy. High quality GaN nanorod arrays has also been demonstrated and investigated on Si (111) substrates. Nanoscale overgrowth is a promising method to improve the quality of GaN semiconductor materials for the commercialization of GaN devices on Si substrates. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Well width dependent luminescence characteristics of UV‐violet emitting GaInN QW LED structures
Authors: Kunzer M. , Leancu C.‐C. , Maier M. , Köhler K. , Kaufmann U. , Wagner J.
Published: April 2008

Temperature and excitation power dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy on GaInN UV‐violet LED structures allows to separate the influence of the quantum confined stark effect (QCSE) from carrier localization in In‐induced band tail states as well as to determine the internal quantum efficiency (IQE). A LED series with different quantum well widths (1‐3.7 nm) was grown by MOVPE on sapphire and low defect density (LDD) GaN templates. The photoluminescence data reveal, that the QCSE cannot be neglected even for low In‐content (<10%) ultra violet LED structures. From temperature and laser power density dependent photoluminescence, the internal QE is evaluated. The data shows, that upon growth on LDD substrates, the internal QE is considerably increased for short wavelength (375‐400 nm) LEDs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anisotropic coalescence behaviors of GaN islands grown by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Chua S. J. , Zhou Hailong , Srolovitz D. J. , Du Danxu
Published: April 2008

In Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth (ELO) technology, GaN is grown inside the stripe window of a SiO2 mask and then grow laterally over the mask to eventually merge and form a uniform thin film. GaN islands have hexagonal foot prints and can merge along the direction where the two parallel sides of the hexagonal islands are aligned parallel or along the direction where their tips are pointed towards one another. Growth along the <11$/bar 2$0> is found to be faster than along the <1$/bar 1$00> by a ratio of 1:0.85. After merging, the island shows different shapes which affect the strain within the island and the bending of dislocations. During the growth of the stripes to form triangular ridges, the facets are found to be different on stripes aligned along <11$/bar 2$0> compare to the facets which are formed on stripes aligned along <1$/bar 1$00>. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of GaN‐based UV TF‐ELDs by CS‐MBE technique and their application to RGB light‐emitting pixels
Authors: Arai M. , Sugimoto K. , Egawa S. , Honda T.
Published: April 2008

GaN‐based thin‐film electroluminescence devices (TF‐ELDs) operating in the UV spectral region were fabricated on Al substrates. GaN films were deposited by compound‐source molecular beam epitaxy (CS‐MBE) technique. Red, green and blue (RGB) light‐emitting pixels were fabricated using the GaN‐based TF‐ELDs as excitation sources. The emission efficiencies of such TF‐ELDs were reported. The estimated luminances of the RGB emitters based on the GaN films were 0.2‐7 kcd/m2, which indicate that the GaN‐based TF‐ELDs have a potential for application in flat‐panel displays (FPDs). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (c) 5/4
Authors: Mändl Stephan , Möller Wolfhard , Rauschenbach Bernd
Published: April 2008

This special issue of physica status solidi contains the Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Plasma‐Based Ion Implantation and Deposition (PBII&D 2007). This workshop was held in Leipzig, Germany, 6–9 September 2007. The PBII&D workshop series started in 1993. Over the years, the number of participants in this workshop has grown, as well as the number of research topics presented. At the same time, the focus started to shift from fundamentals of plasma processes during plasma immersion ion implantation towards applications. Today, the workshop brings together scientists from all over the world who use plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition. The 9th International Workshop on Plasma‐Based Ion Implantation and Deposition had 91 attendees (9 of which were students) from 24 countries.

The main topical areas of the workshop were simulation and modeling, plasma and ion sources, plasma diagnostics, ion–surface‐interaction, plasma based ion implantation, plasma based ion assisted deposition, surface modification and coatings, semiconductors, biomaterials, functional coatings, characterization of surface properties and industrial applications. During the workshop, 9 invited talks and 33 contributed talks were given in 9 oral sessions, and 32 posters were showcased. The scientific program was surrounded by social and cultural events, including a beer‐and‐barbecue get‐together prior to the conference, a visit of the UNESCO world‐culture‐heritage site Wörlitzer Park, and a conference banquet which was held in Püchau Castle.

We would like to use this occasion to thank all our reviewers of the manuscripts for their hard work. Without them these proceedings could not have been realized. We would also like to thank our sponsors, which allowed us to support students and a few delegates from Eastern Europe and Asia. We also thank our industrial exhibitors for their interest and their valuable support.

The next workshop in this series will be held in August 2009 at the National Institute of Space Research at São José dos Campos, Brazil. Mario Ueda and his coworkers look forward to seeing all of you for the 10th International Workshop on Plasma‐Based Ion Implantation and Deposition.

Leipzig, February 2008
Thermo‐tunable defect mode in one dimensional photonic structure based on grooved silicon and liquid crystal
Authors: Tolmachev V. A. , Perova T. S. , Astrova E. V.
Published: April 2008

A composite 1D photonic structure with defect was designed, fabricated by wet anisotropic etching of (110)‐oriented silicon and filled with liquid crystal. The polarized reflection spectra of the second‐order stop band with defect mode have been registered by means of FTIR microscopy. The thermo‐optical effect in the photonic structure due to phase transition in liquid crystal has been demonstrated in the spectral region of 8.5 µm. The relative shift of the defect mode peak was found experimentally to be 2.0% compared to 3.1% as predicted by calculation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
S‐allylcysteine ameliorates ischemia and reperfusion induced renal damage
Authors: Segoviano‐Murillo Sabina , Sánchez‐González Dolores Javier , Martínez‐Martínez Claudia María , Cruz Cristino , Maldonado Perla D. , Pedraza‐Chaverrí José
Published: April 2008

The effect of the garlic‐derived antioxidant S‐allylcysteine (SAC) on renal injury and oxidative stress induced by ischemia and reperfusion (IR) was studied in this work. Rats were anesthetized and subjected to right nephrectomy; 15 min later ischemia was induced for a period of 40 min and then the rats were subjected to a reperfusion period of 6 h after which they were killed to obtain blood and the left kidney. SAC was given at a dose of 100 mg/kg 30 min before nephrectomy, 15 min before ischemia, immediately before reperfusion and 2 h after reperfusion. IR‐induced renal injury was evident by the increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine as well as by the renal structural damage which was assessed by histological analysis. IR‐induced oxidative stress was evident by the increase in immunostaining with 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4‐HNE). SAC treatment was able to ameliorate the increase in BUN and serum creatinine and to decrease the structural damage. This protective effect was associated with a decrease in the immunostaining for 4‐HNE. It is concluded that the antioxidant properties of SAC are involved in its protective effect on renal ischemia and reperfusion injury. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new tolerance design method for a secondary rechargeable battery using design of experiments with mixture
Authors: Park Jong In , Kim Seong Jun , Jeong Myong K.
Published: April 2008

Mixing errors in the manufacturing process of a mixture may cause a sizeable variation in the performance of the product, leading to the need for the tolerance design. Even though a variety of procedures have been proposed for the optimal tolerance design based on quality loss and manufacturing costs, there are no available tolerance design methods when mixing errors exist in the manufacturing process of a mixture. In this article, we propose a new tolerance design method for the case where mixing errors are involved in massive manufacturing process of a secondary rechargeable battery. Using an approximation method, we derive quality loss function, reflecting the effects of mixing errors on the product performances. Statistical design of mixture experiments is applied to build empirical models of performances as functions of component proportions in the corresponding quality loss function. A real‐life case study on the tolerance design of a secondary battery is provided for the illustration of the proposed method. The results show the efficiency of the proposed method in designing the tolerances to minimize the quality loss and manufacturing costs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correction
Authors: Korn Edward L. , Albert Paul S. , McShane Lisa M.
Published: April 2008

‘Assessing surrogates as trial endpoints using mixed models’, by Edward L. Korn, Paul S. Albert and Lisa M. McShane (Statistics in Medicine 2005; 24:163–182).

On page 167, the formulas for R and its population quantity are given by $R_{\rm trial}^{2}=(2\hat{\beta}^{2}\hat{\lambda}^{2})/(2\hat{\beta}^{2}\hat{\lambda}^{2}+\hat{\gamma}{2}) \,{\rm and} \,(2 {\beta}^{2} {\lambda}^{2})/(2 {\beta}^{2} {\lambda}^{2}+{\gamma}^{2}),$ respectively. However, since the variance of g is 2γ2, the correct formulas are $R_{\rm trial}^{2}=(2\hat{\beta}^{2}\hat{\lambda}^{2})/(2\hat{\beta}^{2}\hat{\lambda}^{2}+2 \hat{\gamma}{2}) \,{\rm and} \,(2 {\beta}^{2} {\lambda}^{2})/(2 {\beta}^{2} {\lambda}^{2}+2 {\gamma}^{2}),$ respectively. The only place these formulas are used in the paper is in the example in Section 3; for that example $\hat {\gamma}^2=0$, so that the results are unaffected.
Modeling epilepsy disparities among ethnic groups in Philadelphia, PA
Authors: Wheeler David C. , Waller Lance A. , Elliott John O.
Published: April 2008

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defined epilepsy as an emerging public health issue in a recent report and emphasized the importance of epilepsy studies in minorities and people of low socioeconomic status. Previous research has suggested that the incidence rate for epilepsy is positively associated with various measures of social and economic disadvantage. In response, we utilize hierarchical Bayesian models to analyze health disparities in epilepsy and seizure risks among multiple ethnicities in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The goals of the analysis are to highlight any overall significant disparities in epilepsy risks between the populations of Caucasians, African Americans, and Hispanics in the study area during the years 2002–2004 and to visualize the spatial pattern of epilepsy risks by ethnicity to indicate where certain ethnic populations were most adversely affected by epilepsy within the study area. Results of the Bayesian model indicate that Hispanics have the highest epilepsy risk overall, followed by African Americans, and then Caucasians. There are significant increases in relative risk for both African Americans and Hispanics when compared with Caucasians, as indicated by the posterior mean estimates of 2.09 with a 95 per cent credible interval of (1.67, 2.62) for African Americans and 2.97 with a 95 per cent credible interval of (2.37, 3.71) for Hispanics. Results also demonstrate that using a Bayesian analysis in combination with geographic information system (GIS) technology can reveal spatial patterns in patient data and highlight areas of disparity in epilepsy risk among subgroups of the population. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AQuoSA—adaptive quality of service architecture
Authors: Palopoli L. , Cucinotta T. , Marzario L. , Lipari G.
Published: April 2008

This paper presents an architecture for quality of service (QoS) control of time‐sensitive applications in multi‐programmed embedded systems. In such systems, tasks must receive appropriate timeliness guarantees from the operating system independently from one another; otherwise, the QoS experienced by the users may decrease. Moreover, fluctuations in time of the workloads make a static partitioning of the central processing unit (CPU) that is neither appropriate nor convenient, whereas an adaptive allocation based on an on‐line monitoring of the application behaviour leads to an optimum design. By combining a resource reservation scheduler and a feedback‐based mechanism, we allow applications to meet their QoS requirements with the minimum possible impact on CPU occupation. We implemented the framework in AQuoSA (Adaptive Quality of Service Architecture (AQuoSA). http://aquosa.sourceforge.net), a software architecture that runs on top of the Linux kernel. We provide extensive experimental validation of our results and offer an evaluation of the introduced overhead, which is perfectly sustainable in the class of addressed applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ROI of systems engineering: Some quantitative results for software‐intensive systems
Authors: Boehm Barry , Valerdi Ricardo , Honour Eric
Published: April 2008

This paper presents quantitative results on the return on investment of systems engineering (SE‐ROI) from an analysis of the 161 software projects in the COCOMO II database. The analysis shows that, after normalizing for the effects of other cost drivers, the cost difference between projects doing a minimal job of software systems engineering— as measured by the thoroughness of its architecture definition and risk resolution— and projects doing a very thorough job was 18% for small projects and 92% for very large software projects as measured in lines of code. The paper also presents applications of these results to project experience in determining ‘‘how much up front systems engineering is enough’’ for baseline versions of smaller and larger software projects, for both ROI‐driven internal projects and schedule‐driven outsourced systems of systems projects. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) Genomic Library and EST Resources
Authors: von Schalburg K. R. , Leong J. , Cooper G. A. , Robb A. , Beetz-Sargent M. R. , Lieph R. , Holt R. A. , Moore R. , Ewart K. V. , Driedzic W. R. , ten Hallers B. F. H. , Zhu B. , de Jong P. J. , Davidson W. S. , Koop B. F.
Published: April 2008

Genomic resources in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) enable us to examine the genome duplication process in salmonids and test hypotheses relating to the fate of duplicated genes. They further enable us to pursue physiological and ecological studies in smelt. A bacterial artificial chromosome library containing 52,410 clones with an average insert size of 146 kb was constructed. This library represents an 11-fold average coverage of the rainbow smelt (O. mordax) genome. In addition, several complementary deoxyribonucleic acid libraries were constructed, and 36,758 sequences were obtained and combined into 12,159 transcripts. Over half of these transcripts have been identified, several of which have been associated with cold adaptation. These basic resources show high levels of similarity (86%) to salmonid genes and provide initial support for genome duplication in the salmonid ancestor. They also facilitate identification of genes important to fish and direct us toward new technologies for other studies in fish biology.
An Efficient MCMC Algorithm to Sample Binary Matrices with Fixed Marginals
Authors: Verhelst Norman D.
Published: April 2008

Uniform sampling of binary matrices with fixed margins is known as a difficult problem. Two classes of algorithms to sample from a distribution not too different from the uniform are studied in the literature: importance sampling and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Existing MCMC algorithms converge slowly, require a long burn-in period and yield highly dependent samples. Chen et al. developed an importance sampling algorithm that is highly efficient for relatively small tables. For larger but still moderate sized tables (300×30) Chen et al.’s algorithm is less efficient. This article develops a new MCMC algorithm that converges much faster than the existing ones and that is more efficient than Chen’s algorithm for large problems. Its stationary distribution is uniform. The algorithm is extended to the case of square matrices with fixed diagonal for applications in social network theory.
Assessment of Rotational Instability with Disruption of the Accessory Collateral Ligament of the Thumb MCP Joint: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Fraser Bonnie , Veitch John , Firoozbakhsh Keikhosrow
Published: April 2008

Objectives The objective of this paper was to biomechanically investigate rotational stability of the thumb after ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) and accessory collateral ligament (ACL) disruption and repair at the metacarpal joint of the thumb.

Methods Twelve fresh frozen adult cadaveric thumbs were used. The torsion test was performed under constant rotation of 1/s through 30 arc of metacarpal phalangeal (MCP) joint. The torsional resistance was determined for four categories: first no intervention of the UCL structures (control), next with the proper UCL cut at the distal insertion, then with the additional ACL ligament cut, and lastly with the repair of only the proper UCL. The decrease on the amount of torsional rigidity for each of the last three categories was determined and compared. Each thumb was used as its own control. Significance of the differences in each test categories was statistically determined. Results After the proper UCL was cut, the torsional rigidity of the MCP joint was reduced 35.18±17.56% ( p<0.001). When, additionally, the ACL was cut, the torsional rigidity of the MCP joint was further reduced to 49.34±16.82% ( P< 0.001). After repair of only the proper UCL, the torsional rigidity of the MCP joint improved, but still showed a considerable reduction from controls. The amount of reduction was not consistent among specimens and was 13.52±16.40%.

Conclusions The ACL ligament is a contributor of rotary stability as well as a provider of lateral stability. Leaving the ruptured ACL unrepaired causes some residual rotating instability and that may lead to future rotational instability of the MCP joint.
Dietary Perilla Oil Inhibits Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Ovalbumin‐Challenged Mice
Authors: Chang Hui‐Hsiang , Chen Chin‐Shun , Lin Jin‐Yuarn
Published: April 2008

To evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effects of different dietary oils on ovalbumin‐sensitized and ‐challenged mice. Experimental BALB/c mice were fed with different diets containing 5% corn oil [rich in linoleic acid, 18:2n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), as a control diet], 5% perilla oil (rich in α‐linolenic acid, 18:3n‐3 PUFA) or 5% compound oil containing 50% corn oil and 50% perilla oil, for 5 consecutive weeks. The leukocyte count, inflammatory mediators, and cytokine levels, including proinflammatory and Th1/Th2 cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the mice were determined. The results showed that 5% compound oil administration significantly (P < 0.05) decreased eosinophilic infiltration. Dietary perilla oil could not significantly (P > 0.05) decrease the eosinophil accumulation or the secretions of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), histamine, nitric oxide and eotaxin. However, dietary perilla oil significantly (P < 0.05) reduced proinflammatory cytokine (TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6) and Th1 cytokine (IFN‐γ and IL‐2) production. The production of Th2 cytokine IL‐10, but not IL‐4 and IL‐5, was also significantly inhibited by perilla oil administration. The results suggest that dietary perilla oil might alleviate inflammation via decreasing the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in BALF, but failed to regulate the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1 pole during the Th2‐skewed allergic airway inflammation.
Nursing Notes on Nursing Procedures
Authors: Curran Mary G.
Published: April 2008

NURSING NOTES ON NURSING PROCEDURES by Jessie D. Britten, S.R.N., 200 pages, E. and S. Livingston Ltd., Edinburgh and London, 1966. Price $5.75.
Appraisal of Current Concepts in Anesthesiology
Authors: B.S.
Published: April 2008

APPRAISAL OF CURRENT CONCEPTS IN ANESTHESIOLOGY by John Adriuni, 522 pages, The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, Mo. Price $1 0.85.
Developing the Art of Understanding
Authors: Gaffrey E.A.
Published: April 2008

DEVELOPING THE ART OF UNDERSTANDING by Margaret Anne Johnson, R.N., 230 pages, Springer Publishing Company, Inc., New York, N. Y., 1967. $3.50.
Bedside Nursing Techniques in Medicine and Surgery
Authors: Crawford Mabel
Published: April 2008

Bedside Nursing Techniques in Medicine and Surgery, by Audrey Latshaw Sutton, R.N., W. B. Saunders Co., 374 pages. Price $8.00.
Manual for the Recovery Room
Authors: Gaffrey Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2008

M.D. Stanton Belinkoff, Manual for the Recovery Room, 1967, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Massachusetts, 132, Price $5.75.
Aids to Psychology for Nurses
Authors: Behnke Dorothy
Published: April 2008

AIDS TO PSYCHOLOGY FOR NURSES by A. Altschul, B.A. (Lond.), S.R.N., R.M.N., 300 pp., London, Bailliere, Tilidall and Cox, 1962, Price: $3.00
Emergencies — Casualty Organization and Treatment
Authors: Maxwell Patricia A.
Published: April 2008

EMERGENCIES — CASUALTY ORGANIZATION AND TREATMENT by 2′. Schrire, M.A., M.B. (Cape), F.R.C.S., 359 pages, Springfield, Ill, Charles C. Thomas, Puhlisher, 1962, Price: $15.50
Clinical Nursing: A Helpful Art
Authors: Atkinson Lucy Jo
Published: April 2008

Ernestine Weidenbach, CLINICAL NURSING: A HELPFUL ART, 1964, Springer Publishing Company, New York City, 118 pages, Price $2,75.
The Craft of Surgery
Authors: Reeser Frances E.
Published: April 2008

Philip Cooper M.D., THE CRAFT OF SURGERY, 1964, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, (2 vols.), 1,510 page., Price $42.50.
The Head Nurse
Authors: Gaffrey Elizabeth
Published: April 2008

THE HEAD NURSE, by Julia Kriegel, R.N., The Macmillan Company, New York, 19G8, 190 pages. Price $6.95.
Operating Theatre Technique
Authors: Marie Sister William
Published: April 2008

OPERATING THEATRE TECHNIQUE, Second Edition, R. J. Brigden, E. & S. Living‐stone, Ltd., Edinburgh & London, 1969, 712. Price $14.50.
Orthopedic Nursing Procedures
Authors: Arabian Dionysia L.
Published: April 2008

ORTHOPEDIC NURSING PROCEDURES, Second Edition, by Avice Kerr, R.N., B.A., Springer Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1969,414 pages. Price $5.75.
Operating Theatre Technique
Authors: Reeser Frances E.
Published: April 2008

OPERATING THEATRE TECHNIQUE by Raymond J. Brigden, S.R.N., 580 pages, Edinburgh and London, E. & S. Livingstone Limited, 1962. Price: $14.50. Available from The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore 2, Maryland.
Infection Control in the Hospital
Authors: Crawford Mabel
Published: April 2008

Infection Control In The Hospital, American Hospital Association, publishers, Chicago, Illinois, 1968, 140 pages. Price $3.75.
Fundamentals of Research in Nursing
Authors: Craig Lora
Published: April 2008

Fundamentals of Research In Nursing, by David J. Fox, 285 pages, Appleton‐Century‐Crofts, New York, 1966. Price $7.95.
Modern Concepts of Hospital Administration
Authors: Driscoll Joan
Published: April 2008

Modern Concepts of Hospital Administration by Joseph Karlton Owen, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., 823 pages, Philadelphia and London, W. B. Saunders Company, 1962. Price $16.95.
Alds to Bacteriology for Nurses
Authors: Pendleton Ruth E.
Published: April 2008

AlDS TO BACTERIOLOGY FOR NURSES by E. loan Bocock, S.R.N., S.C.M., D.N. (London), and Katharine F. Armstrong, S.R.N., S.C.M., D.N. (London), Second Edition, 188 pages, London, Bailliere, Tinda!l and Cox, 1962. Price $3.00.
Aseptic Technique for Operating Room Personnel
Authors: Reeser Frances E.
Published: April 2008

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE FOR OPERAT‐ING ROOM PERSONNEL, by Erline Webb Perkins, R.N., B.S., M.S., Second Edition, revised in collaboration with Mary Esther Cibula, R.N., B.S., 111 pp., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia and London, 1964. Price $2.00.
Sleep
Authors: Rogers Caroline
Published: April 2008

SLEEP by Gay Gaer Luce and Julius Segal, 335 pages, Coward‐McCann, Inc., New York City, N.Y. 1966. Price $5.95.
Flavonoid intake and the risk of ischaemic stroke and CVD mortality in middle-aged Finnish men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study
Authors: Mursu Jaakko , Voutilainen Sari , Nurmi Tarja , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka , Kurl Sudhir , Salonen Jukka T.
Published: April 2008

The role of flavonoids in CVD, especially in strokes, is unclear. Our aim was to study the role of flavonoids in CVD. We studied the association between the intakes of five subclasses (flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols and anthocyanidins), a total of twenty-six flavonoids, on the risk of ischaemic stroke and CVD mortality. The study population consisted of 1950 eastern Finnish men aged 42–60 years free of prior CHD or stroke as part of the prospective population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. During an average follow-up time of 15·2 years, 102 ischaemic strokes and 153 CVD deaths occurred. In the Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age and examination years, BMI, systolic blood pressure, hypertension medication, serum HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, serum TAG, maximal oxygen uptake, smoking, family history of CVD, diabetes, alcohol intake, energy-adjusted intake of folate, vitamin E, total fat and saturated fat intake (percentage of energy), men in the highest quartile of flavonol and flavan-3-ol intakes had a relative risk of 0·55 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·99) and 0·59 (95 % CI 0·30, 1·14) for ischaemic stroke, respectively, as compared with the lowest quartile. After multivariate adjustment, the relative risk for CVD death in the highest quartile of flavanone and flavone intakes were 0·54 (95 % CI 0·32, 0·92) and 0·65 (95 % CI 0·40, 1·05), respectively. The present results suggest that high intakes of flavonoids may be associated with decreased risk of ischaemic stroke and possibly with reduced CVD mortality.
A systematic review of the effect of dietary exposure that could be achieved through normal dietary intake on learning and performance of school-aged children of relevance to UK schools
Authors: Ells Louisa J. , Hillier Frances C. , Shucksmith Janet , Crawley Helen , Harbige Laurence , Shield Julian , Wiggins Andy , Summerbell Carolyn D.
Published: April 2008

The aim of the present review was to perform a systematic in-depth review of the best evidence from controlled trial studies that have investigated the effects of nutrition, diet and dietary change on learning, education and performance in school-aged children (4–18 years) from the UK and other developed countries. The twenty-nine studies identified for the review examined the effects of breakfast consumption, sugar intake, fish oil and vitamin supplementation and ‘good diets’. In summary, the studies included in the present review suggest there is insufficient evidence to identify any effect of nutrition, diet and dietary change on learning, education or performance of school-aged children from the developed world. However, there is emerging evidence for the effects of certain fatty acids which appear to be a function of dose and time. Further research is required in settings of relevance to the UK and must be of high quality, representative of all populations, undertaken for longer durations and use universal validated measures of educational attainment. However, challenges in terms of interpreting the results of such studies within the context of factors such as family and community context, poverty, disease and the rate of individual maturation and neurodevelopment will remain. Whilst the importance of diet in educational attainment remains under investigation, the evidence for promotion of lower-fat, -salt and -sugar diets, high in fruits, vegetables and complex carbohydrates, as well as promotion of physical activity remains unequivocal in terms of health outcomes for all schoolchildren.
High levels of vegetable oils in plant protein-rich diets fed to gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurataL.): growth performance, muscle fatty acid profiles and histological alterations of target tissues
Authors: Benedito-Palos Laura , Navarro Juan C. , Sitjà-Bobadilla Ariadna , Gordon Bell J. , Kaushik Sadasivam , Pérez-Sánchez Jaume
Published: April 2008

The feasibility of fish oil (FO) replacement by vegetable oils (VO) was investigated in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurataL.) in a growth trial conducted for the duration of 8 months. Four isolipidic and isoproteic diets rich in plant proteins were supplemented withl-lysine (0·55 %) and soya lecithin (1 %). Added oil was either FO (control) or a blend of VO, replacing 33 % (33VO diet), 66 % (66VO diet) and 100 % (VO diet) of FO. No detrimental effects on growth performance were found with the partial FO replacement, but feed intake and growth rates were reduced by about 10 % in fish fed the VO diet. The replacement strategy did not damage the intestinal epithelium, and massive accumulation of lipid droplets was not found within enterocytes. All fish showed fatty livers, but signs of lipoid liver disease were only found in fish fed the VO diet. Muscle fatty acid profiles of total lipids reflected the diet composition with a selective incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids in polar lipids. The robustness of the phospholipid fatty acid profile when essential fatty acid requirements were theoretically covered by the diet was evidenced by multivariate principal components analysis in fish fed control, 33VO and 66VO diets.
Evaluation of serum transferrin receptor for iron deficiency in women of child-bearing age
Authors: Lin Xiao-Ming , Zhang Juan , Zou Zhi-Yong , Long Zhu , Tian Wei
Published: April 2008

The objective was to study the evaluation of serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) for Fe deficiency in women of child-bearing age. Primary screening was performed in 942 women ranging in child-bearing age. Serum ferritin (SF), Zn protoporphyrin (ZPP) and Hb were determined. Then the subjects were divided into four groups: normal, Fe store depletion (IDs), Fe-deficiency erythropoiesis and Fe-deficiency anaemia. sTfR was determined and sTfR/SF (sTfR/logSF and log(sTfR/SF)) was calculated. Changes of sTfR in women of different Fe status were observed. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate whether sTfR had proper diagnostic efficacy for functional Fe deficiency. The levels of sTfR increased significantly along with the aggravation of Fe deficiency. Increase of STfR/SF along with the aggravation of Fe deficiency was more significant than that of sTfR. STfR had a significant negative correlation with SF and Hb, while it had a significant positive correlation with ZPP. The ROC curve showed that the diagnostic effective rate of sTfR for Fe deficiency could reach 83 %. At this point, the sensitivity was 79 % and the specificity was 63 %. Log(sTfR/SF) could be considered to have the highest effective ratio in detecting IDs, since it reached 99 %. STfR and sTfR/SF could both reflect body Fe-deficiency status specifically. They could be used as reliable indicators for evaluating Fe status and diagnosing Fe deficiency in women of child-bearing age.
Effects of long-term plant sterol or stanol ester consumption on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in subjects on statin treatment
Authors: Jong Ariënne de , Plat Jogchum , Lütjohann Dieter , Mensink Ronald P.
Published: April 2008

Consumption of plant sterol- or stanol-enriched margarines by statin users results in an additional LDL-cholesterol reduction of approximately 10 %, which may be larger than the average decrease of 3–7 % achieved by doubling the statin dose. However, whether this effect persists in the long term is not known. Therefore, we examined in patients already on stable statin treatment the effects of 85 weeks of plant sterol and stanol ester consumption on the serum lipoprotein profile, cholesterol metabolism, and bile acid synthesis. For this, a double-blind randomised trial was designed in which fifty-four patients consumed a control margarine with no added plant sterols or stanols for 5 weeks (run-in period). For the next 85 weeks, seventeen subjects continued with the control margarine and the other two groups with either a plant sterol (n18) or plant stanol (n19) (2·5 g/d each) ester-enriched margarine. Blood was sampled at the end of the run-in period and every 20 weeks during the intervention period. Compared with the control group, plant sterol and stanol ester consumption reduced LDL-cholesterol by 0·28 mmol/l (or 8·7 %;P = 0·08) and 0·42 mmol/l (13·1 %;P = 0·006) respectively after 85 weeks. No effects were found on plasma concentrations of oxysterols or 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, a bile acid synthesis marker. We conclude that long-term consumption of both plant sterol and stanol esters effectively lowered LDL-cholesterol concentrations in statin users.
Dietary supplementation of glycine modulates inflammatory response indicators in broiler chickens
Authors: Takahashi Kazuaki , Aoki Akira , Takimoto Testuya , Akiba Yukio
Published: April 2008

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary glycine (Gly) supplementation on inflammatory responses in broiler chicks fed a basal diet using maize and soyabean meal as the primary ingredients. Inflammation-related processes following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection were examined by analysing plasma concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) and ceruloplasmin (Cer) in experiments 1 and 2, or expression of several genes in the spleen and liver including IL-1β and -6, TNF-like ligand (TL)1A, inducible NO synthase, interferon (IFN)-γ and toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 were examined in experiment 3. Growth performance was also determined following immunological stimulation by both LPS and Sephadex injection in experiment 2. In experiment 1, birds fed a diet supplemented with Gly at 10 or 20 g/kg showed lower responses in plasma NOx and Cer than birds fed the diet supplemented with Gly at 0 or 40 g/kg. In experiment 2, a similar effect of Gly supplementation at 10 g/kg on plasma NOx and Cer was observed when chicks were fed either an isonitrogenous diet with Gly or glutamic acid (Glu). Gly-supplemented diet-fed birds showed better growth performance than Glu-supplemented diet-fed birds. The splenic expression of inflammatory response-related genes in birds fed a diet supplemented with Gly at 10 g/kg diet was lower than that of birds fed the basal diet in experiment 3. These results suggest that dietary Gly supplementation modulates the inflammatory response partly through changes in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IFN-γ and TL1A.
Are dietary patterns stable throughout early and mid-childhood? A birth cohort study
Authors: Northstone Kate , Emmett Pauline M.
Published: April 2008

This study assesses the stability of dietary patterns obtained using principal components analysis (PCA) through early to mid-childhood. Dietary data were collected from children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC). Frequency of consumption of a range of food items was recorded by mothers using self-completion postal questionnaires when their children were 3, 4, 7 and 9 years of age. Dietary patterns were identified using PCA and component scores were calculated at each time-point. In total 6177 children had data available at all four time-points. Three patterns were consistently seen across time: the ‘processed’, ‘traditional’ and ‘health conscious’ patterns. At 3 years an additional ‘snack’ pattern was obtained and at 9 years the ‘health conscious’ pattern was slightly modified (meat products were negatively associated). High correlations were evident for all three scores between each pair of time-points. The widest limits of agreement were seen for all pairings between the 3 and 9 years data, whilst the narrowest were seen between the 4 and 7 years data. A reasonable level of agreement was seen with the categorised component scores from each time-point of data (κ ranging from 0·28 to 0·47). Virtually identical dietary patterns were obtained at the ages of 4 and 7; however, periods of change were apparent between the ages of 3 and 4 and the ages of 7 and 9. It is important to make regular dietary assessments during childhood in order to assess accurately the effects of diet on future health outcomes.
Under-reporting of energy intake is more prevalent in a healthy dietary pattern cluster
Authors: Scagliusi Fernanda B. , Ferriolli Eduardo , Pfrimer Karina , Laureano Cibele , Cunha Caroline S. F. , Gualano Bruno , Lourenço Bárbara , Lancha Antonio H.
Published: April 2008

The aim of the present study was to determine whether under-reporting rates vary between dietary pattern clusters. Subjects were sixty-five Brazilian women. During 3 weeks, anthropometric data were collected, total energy expenditure (TEE) was determined by the doubly labelled water method and diet was measured. Energy intake (EI) and the daily frequency of consumption per 1000 kJ of twenty-two food groups were obtained from a FFQ. These frequencies were entered into a cluster analysis procedure in order to obtain dietary patterns. Under-reporters were defined as those who did not lose more than 1 kg of body weight during the study and presented EI:TEE less than 0·82. Three dietary pattern clusters were identified and named according to their most recurrent food groups: sweet foods (SW), starchy foods (ST) and healthy (H). Subjects from the healthy cluster had the lowest mean EI:TEE (SW = 0·86, ST = 0·71 and H = 0·58; P = 0·003) and EI − TEE (SW = − 0·49 MJ, ST = − 3·20 MJ and H = − 5·08 MJ; P = 0·008). The proportion of under-reporters was 45·2 (95 % CI 35·5, 55·0) % in the SW cluster; 58·3 (95 % CI 48·6, 68·0) % in the ST cluster and 70·0 (95 % CI 61·0, 79) % in the H cluster (P = 0·34). Thus, in Brazilian women, under-reporting of EI is not uniformly distributed among dietary pattern clusters and tends to be more severe among subjects from the healthy cluster. This cluster is more consistent with both dietary guidelines and with what lay individuals usually consider ‘healthy eating’.