bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ФЕНОЛЬНИХ СПОЛУК У ГОРОБИНИ ПЛОДАХ
Authors: Markin O. M. , Krivoruchko O. V.
Published: December 2020

Вступ. Горобина звичайна (Sorbus aucuparia L.) з родини розові (Rosaceae) широко розповсюджена в Україні як цінна плодова, лікарська і декоративна рослина. Основними біологічно активними речовинами горобини плодів є фенольні сполуки, органічні кислоти, вуглеводи, вітаміни і терпеноїди, які зумовлюють їх сечогінну, жовчогінну, антиоксидантну, протизапальну, кровоспинну дії. Якість горобини плодів регламентується вимогами статті “Плоди горобини” ДФ СРСР ХІ видання, проте її розділи потребують гармонізації із сучасними вимогами ДФУ та ЄФ.

Мета дослідження – визначити вміст фенольних сполук, гідроксикоричних кислот і поліфенолів у горобини плодах для подальшої стандартизації сировини.

Методи дослідження. Вміст фенольних сполук у горобини плодах визначали методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії, гідроксикоричних кислот і поліфенолів – методом абсорбційної спектрофотометрії.

Результати й обговорення. У горобини плодах ідентифіковано 6 фенольних сполук: 2 гідроксикоричні кислоти (хлорогенову і кофейну) та 4 флавоноїди (катехін, рутин, кверцетин, нарингін). Із гідроксикоричних кислот у сировині переважає хлорогенова кислота ((2329,74±0,27) мкг/г), із флавоноїдів – рутин ((128,80±0,06) мкг/г). Сума фенольних сполук у горобини плодах становить 5717,74 мкг/г, із них гідроксикоричних кислот – 62 %, флавоноїдів – 16,6 %. У горобини плодах вміст гідроксикоричних кислот становить від (1,53±0,06) до (2,61±0,05) % у перерахунку на хлорогенову кислоту, вміст поліфенолів – від (0,62±0,03) до (0,92±0,05) % у перерахунку на пірогалол.

Висновок. У горобини плодах визначено вміст фенольних сполук, гідроксикоричних кислот і поліфенолів. Результати дослідження вмісту гідроксикоричних кислот у сировині використано при розробці проекту монографії ДФУ “Горобини плодиN”.
“El otro duelo”: violência e política em Jorge Luis Borges
Authors: Miele Umberto Luiz
Published: December 2020

Ao comemorar 70 anos de vida, já consagrado e com uma obra culta e cosmopolita reconhecida mundialmente, o escritor argentino Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1936) retorna ao século XIX, aos conflitos que deram origem à nação argentina, e publica a sua obra mais violenta, a coletânea de contos El informe de Brodie (1970). A violência – seja ela física, psicológica ou cultural – transborda em suas onze narrativas e ganha protagonismo em “El otro duelo”, a mais contundente e brutal delas, na qual o autor retorna mais uma vez a um tema clássico: o duelo, o enfrentamento direto à faca ou a outras armas brancas. Nesse texto curto e cruel, Borges retorna também à oposição entre civilização e barbárie, ao embate entre um projeto nacional voltado para a Europa culta a partir dos centros urbanos e setores letrados, e à sua convivência conflituosa com uma tradição guerreira e conquista- dora, apoiada nos valores da coragem e da valentia pessoal, que tem na figura do gaúcho o indômito seu principal personagem. Embora contextualizado historicamente (a Argentina do século XIX), o conto permite uma leitura atualizada no momento de sua escrita (os conturbados anos 1960 e 1970). Ele transcende esses limites, pois a violência que “El otro duelo” retrata é aquela praticada desde a Conquista, na forma como espanhóis e portugueses ocuparam a América, repetindo procedimentos e estratégias de dominação treinados e praticados desde as Cruzadas e durante a expulsão dos mouros da Península Ibérica, que impregnam as relações sociais do continente desde então.
O jazz em "El Perseguidor" de Julio Cortázar: balbucios e monólogos
Authors: Rubira Carolina de Pontes
Published: December 2020

O conto El Perseguidor, de Julio Cortázar, publicado em 1959, no livro Las armas secretas, pode ser compreendido como um divisor de águas na produção do autor argentino, como ele mesmo observou em uma de suas aulas de literatura ministrada em Berkeley (1980). O conto narra alguns episódios da vida de Johnny Carter, numa narrativa repleta de balbucios e monólogos, inspirada no saxofonista de jazz Charlie Parker. O conto não apenas tematiza a vida de um dos maiores representantes do jazz bebop como também apresenta questões essenciais sobre vida e arte, além de trazer uma nova forma ao conto cortazariano, que parece dialogar com a mesma busca por novas estruturas que se vê nas composições dos músicos do bebop. Neste trabalho, proponho demonstrar algo dessas relações entre a criação jazzística e literária enquanto forma e tema no referido conto de Julio Cortázar.
Association Between Blood Pressure Control and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes in 45 418 Symptomatic Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Sheppard James P. , Nicholson Brian D. , Lee Joseph , McGagh Dylan , Sherlock Julian , Koshiaris Constantinos , Oke Jason , Jones Nicholas R. , Hinton William , Armitage Laura , Van Hecke Oliver , Lay-Flurrie Sarah , Bankhead Clare R. , Liyanage Harshana , Williams John , Ferreira Filipa , Feher Michael D. , Ashworth Andrew J. , Joy Mark P. , de Lusignan Simon , Hobbs F.D. Richard
Published: December 2020

Hypertension has been identified as a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated adverse outcomes. This study examined the association between preinfection blood pressure (BP) control and COVID-19 outcomes using data from 460 general practices in England. Eligible patients were adults with hypertension who were tested or diagnosed with COVID-19. BP control was defined by the most recent BP reading within 24 months of the index date (January 1, 2020). BP was defined as controlled (<130/80 mm Hg), raised (130/80–139/89 mm Hg), stage 1 uncontrolled (140/90–159/99 mm Hg), or stage 2 uncontrolled (≥160/100 mm Hg). The primary outcome was death within 28 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were COVID-19 diagnosis and COVID-19–related hospital admission. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between BP control and outcomes. Of the 45 418 patients (mean age, 67 years; 44.7% male) included, 11 950 (26.3%) had controlled BP. These patients were older, had more comorbidities, and had been diagnosed with hypertension for longer. A total of 4277 patients (9.4%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 877 died within 28 days. Individuals with stage 1 uncontrolled BP had lower odds of COVID-19 death (odds ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.62–0.92]) compared with patients with well-controlled BP. There was no association between BP control and COVID-19 diagnosis or hospitalization. These findings suggest BP control may be associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes, possibly due to these patients having more advanced atherosclerosis and target organ damage. Such patients may need to consider adhering to stricter social distancing, to limit the impact of COVID-19 as future waves of the pandemic occur.
Prior Reward Conditioning Dampens Hippocampal and Striatal Responses during an Associative Memory Task
Authors: Miendlarzewska Ewa A. , Aberg Kristoffer C. , Bavelier Daphne , Schwartz Sophie
Published: December 2020

Offering reward during encoding typically leads to better memory [Adcock, R. A., Thangavel, A., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S.,Knutson, B., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. Reward-motivated learning: Mesolimbic activation precedes memory formation. Neuron, 50, 507–517, 2006]. Whether such memory benefit persists when tested in a different task context remains, however, largely understudied [Wimmer, G. E., & Buechel, C. Reactivation of reward-related patterns from single past episodes supports memory-based decision making. Journal of Neuroscience, 36, 2868–2880, 2016]. Here, we ask whether reward at encoding leads to a generalized advantage across learning episodes, a question of high importance for any everyday life applications, from education to patient rehabilitation. Although we confirmed that offering monetary reward increased responses in the ventral striatum and pleasantness judgments for pictures used as stimuli, this immediate beneficial effect of reward did not carry over to a subsequent and different picture–location association memory task during which no reward was delivered. If anything, a trend for impaired memory accuracy was observed for the initially high-rewarded pictures as compared to low-rewarded ones. In line with this trend in behavioral performance, fMRI activity in reward (i.e., ventral striatum) and in memory (i.e., hippocampus) circuits was reduced during the encoding of new associations using previously highly rewarded pictures (compared to low-reward pictures). These neural effects extended to new pictures from same, previously highly rewarded semantic category. Twenty-four hours later, delayed recall of associations involving originally highly rewarded items was accompanied by decreased functional connectivity between the hippocampus and two brain regions implicated in value-based learning, the ventral striatum and the ventromedial PFC. We conclude that acquired reward value elicits a downward value-adjustment signal in the human reward circuit when reactivated in a novel nonrewarded context, with a parallel disengagement of memory–reward (hippocampal–striatal) networks, likely to undermine new associative learning. Although reward is known to promote learning, here we show how it may subsequently hinder hippocampal and striatal responses during new associative memory formation.
A Predictive Processing Account of Card Sorting: Fast Proactive and Reactive Frontoparietal Cortical Dynamics during Inference and Learning of Perceptual Categories
Authors: Barceló Francisco
Published: December 2020

For decades, a common assumption in cognitive neuroscience has been that prefrontal executive control is mainly engaged during target detection [Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13, 25–42, 1990]. More recently, predictive processing theories of frontal function under the Bayesian brain hypothesis emphasize a key role of proactive control for anticipatory action selection (i.e., planning as active inference). Here, we review evidence of fast and widespread EEG and magnetoencephalographic fronto-temporo-parietal cortical activations elicited by feedback cues and target cards in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. This evidence is best interpreted when considering negative and positive feedback as predictive cues (i.e., sensory outcomes) for proactively updating beliefs about unknown perceptual categories. Such predictive cues inform posterior beliefs about high-level hidden categories governing subsequent response selection at target onset. Quite remarkably, these new views concur with Don Stuss' early findings concerning two broad classes of P300 cortical responses evoked by feedback cues and target cards in a computerized Wisconsin Card Sorting Test analogue. Stuss' discussion of those P300 responses—in terms of the resolution of uncertainty about response (policy) selection as well as the participants' expectancies for future perceptual or motor activities and their timing—was prescient of current predictive processing and active (Bayesian) inference theories. From these new premises, a domain-general frontoparietal cortical network is rapidly engaged during two temporarily distinct stages of inference and learning of perceptual categories that underwrite goal-directed card sorting behavior, and they each engage prefrontal executive functions in fundamentally distinct ways.
Devil’s Advocate: ʿAyn al-Quḍāt’s Defence of Iblis in Context
Authors: Rustom Mohammed
Published: December 2020

The writings of ʿAyn al-Quḍāt Hamadānī (d. 525/1131) anticipate some of the major trends that characterize the post-Avicennan ḥikmat tradition. But modern scholarship has as of yet not completely come to grips with the far-reaching implications of ʿAyn al-Quḍāt’s teachings, many of which are framed in terms of the symbolic language and imagery of the Persian Sufi school of passionate love (madhhab-i ʿishq) and the defence of the devil’s monotheism (tawḥīd-i Iblīs). The focus in this article will be upon this latter aspect of ʿAyn al-Quḍāt’s Sufi doctrine. Upon closer inspection, his “Satanology” (for lack of a better term) turns out to not only be concerned with a defence of the devil as a tragic, fallen lover of God; it is also intimately related to our author’s robust theodicy, as well as his theory of human freedom and constraint. At the same time, ʿAyn al-Quḍāt’s defence of Iblis demonstrates his understanding of philosophical and theological discourse as themselves symbolic representations of another, higher form of being and knowing.
CLIMATE GOVERNANCE TOWARDS “PARIS-2015” AND BEYOND: EU AND US PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Bakker Christine
Published: December 2020

In view of the Paris Climate Conference in December 2015, where the adoption of a universal, binding climate agreement is foreseen, this note examines the respective roles of the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) in shaping the international response to climate change, and considers the prospects for the adoption and implementation of such a new climate agreement. It considers how the EU and the US have contributed to the design and implementation of the relevant international legal norms, addressing the shift in leadership from the US to the EU in the 1990s, EU activism through the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) and ambitious emission reductions, and the renewed commitment from the Obama Administration since 2013, including US-China cooperation. This article discusses the EU and US perspectives on the adoption and implementation of a new climate agreement, focusing on its legally binding nature. The author concludes that an adequate system of monitoring and verification mechanisms at the domestic and international levels is a conditio sine qua non for any new climate agreement. A system of “checks and balances”, limiting the role of international law to one offacilitation, rather than prescription, may be the first step towards an innovative and more effective normative framework.
SIXTY-FIVE YEARS AND IT SHOWS THEM ALL: PROPOSALS FOR AMENDING THE 1951 CONVENTION RELATING TO THE STATUS OF REFUGEES
Authors: Lenzerini Federico
Published: December 2020

The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was one of the major accomplishments of the post-Second-World-War international legal community. It became the cornerstone of the international regulation of the right of asylum and represented the spark that ignited subsequent developments of international law in the field of asylum and refugees. Even more notable is the fact that the Convention has continued to have considerable impact despite the passing of time. However, 65 years after its adoption the Convention is showing signs of ageing, because several of its provisions are inconsistent with the present state of evolution of international human rights law. These provisions would therefore need to be updated, taking into consideration contemporary human rights standards, so as to make the Convention a living instrument capable of effectively addressing the needs of the people to whose protection it is devoted. The provisions which most require amendment are Article 1(A)(2), providing the definition of “refugee”, the exclusion clauses included in Article 1(F), and the exceptions to the prohibition of refoulement contemplated by Article 33(2).
THE PROTECTION OF EUROPEAN UNION CITIZENS VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN EUROPE
Authors: Staiano Fulvia
Published: December 2020

On February 2015, Eurostat issued a report highlighting that 65% of registered victims of human trafficking in Europe between 2010 and 2012 were citizens of the European Union (EU). Despite the seriousness of this phenomenon, EU citizens who are victims of trafficking are afforded little protection in the European legal space. First, the multi-level legal framework against trafficking applicable on the Union territory does not recognise clear residence rights to this group. Second, the general freedom of movement granted to all EU citizens under Directive 2004/38 might be precluded to victims of trafficking due to the economic prerequisites required by this instrument. It follows that the granting of refugee status to EU citizens who are victims of trafficking becomes a crucial source of protection. The safe country presumption in force between EU Member States under the so-called Aznar Protocol, however, precludes access to international protection for this group. This article critically reviews the Common European Asylum System, in search of normative and judicial interpretations capable of ensuring a stronger protection of EU citizens who are victims of trafficking. In this context, a special focus is devoted to the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and of the Court of Justice of the European Union.
STRENGTHENING COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW: THE FAILED PROPOSAL FOR A “MEETING OF STATES ON INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW”
Authors: Bartolini Giulio
Published: December 2020

Within current debates on international humanitarian law (IHL) attempts to strengthen compliance are a key issue. Several existing mechanisms provided by IHL treaties have proved to be unsuccessful, mainly due to States’ unwillingness to activate them and to their limited field of application, that is, such mechanisms are principally restricted to international armed conflicts. Conversely, instruments pertaining to other branches of international law have progressively come to play a significant role in this area, emphasizing a series of challenges and opportunities. Against this background this contribution explores attempts to identify further options, such as the proposal submitted to the 32nd International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent held in December 2015. Its aim was to facilitate the creation of a new compliance mechanism for IHL, the so-called “Meeting of States on International Humanitarian Law”: a regular, voluntary, yet institutionalized forum for dialogue on IHL among States Parties to the Geneva Conventions, to be provided with a series of functions intended to improve the implementation of IHL. However, due to disagreements among States during the Conference, delegations were ultimately unable to reach a consensus on this new mechanism, thus emphasizing serious difficulties in bringing about effective improvements with regard to IHL compliance mechanisms.
THE ACHIEVEMENTS AND LIMITS OF ITALIAN ANTI-CORRUPTION LEGISLATION IN LIGHT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Borlini Leonardo
Published: December 2020

The past twenty years have seen unprecedented international initiatives aimed at combatting corrupt practices. Over the same period, Italy has ratified and implemented within its legal system five international anti-corruption treaties and amended its domestic legislation on different occasions. However, despite considerable efforts, corruption remains a serious challenge in the country. With particular reference to the aforementioned conventions, this article explores the main international rules on criminalisation and prevention of corruption in order to assess achievements and limits of the Italian legislation in light of such provisions. The article is thus divided into two main sections. The first considers the development of the regional and other anti-corruption initiatives which culminated in the United Nations Convention against Corruption; the second examines the main achievements and shortcomings of the Italian anti-corruption legislation in light of the outcomes of the monitoring procedures set by the international instruments ratified by Italy.
A RUSSIAN APPROACH TO INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE DOMESTIC LEGAL ORDER: BASICS, DEVELOPMENT AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Marochkin Sergei Yu.
Published: December 2020

This paper focuses on the Russian case involving the perception and implementation of international law (IL) within its national jurisdiction during the twenty-five year-period since the adoption of the 1993 Constitution. This constitution contains a rather progressive and radical principle concerning the place and role of IL in the domestic legal order. A brief look back at the development of Russia’s current legal order will help to facilitate evaluating the real nature of this provision. In an effort to establish this principle, States must provide a certain set of tools, both legislative and organisational. This paper introduces the development of this principle by examining Russian doctrine, modern legislation and practice, paying particular attention to Russian judicial activity. It thus presents an overview of the entire discussion regarding the implementation of IL within Russia. This implementation has been examined extensively from multiple perspectives, including the one based on a wide array of theoretical and normative materials, as well as the practice of law enforcement bodies, especially different courts, during the period under observation. This contribution attempts to characterise the Russian Federation’s general attitude and approach to the implementation of international obligations into its domestic jurisdiction.
INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE TURKISH LEGAL ORDER: TRANSNATIONAL JUDICIAL DIALOGUE AND THE TURKISH CONSTITUTIONAL COURT
Authors: Qoraboyev Ikboljon , Turkut Emre
Published: December 2020

Much has been written on the increasing significance of domestic courts in the international realm. However, the role of the Turkish constitutional judges in determining and orienting the relationship between international law and Turkish domestic law has rarely been subject to legal analysis. Literature on the involvement of the Turkish judges in transnational judicial dialogue is also almost non-existent. As far as the existing Turkish literature is concerned, much of the contemporary writing on the subject tends to focus on the hierarchical position of international agreements in the Turkish legal order. This paper intends to fill an important gap in the scholarship by providing an analysis of the decisions of the Turkish Constitutional Court (TCC) and by illuminating the TCC’s role as implementers or non-implementers of international law, and the scope of their participation in transnational judicial dialogue. Relevant sub-questions concern the extent to which the stance of the TCC’s judges may or may not alleviate concerns of the international community on the rule of law in Turkey, and whether their engagement in international law is substantial enough to limit and moderate the excesses of different political forces, including those in power, engaged in the domestic power struggle.
Au-delà de « l’ entrée de Simone de Beauvoir dans la Pléiade »
Authors: Le Bon de Beauvoir Sylvie , Jeannelle Jean-Louis , Lecarme-Tabone Éliane , Bouliane Claudia
Published: December 2020

Dans cet entretien, Claudia Bouliane interroge les principaux.ales éditeur.trice.s de la Pléiade consacrée aux Mémoires de Simone de Beauvoir au sujet des choix qu’ ils ont fait quant à la manière d’ encadrer le lectorat dans sa (re)découverte des écrits autobiographiques de l’ autrice et philosophe. L’ échange s’ organise autour des différentes parties critiques des deux volumes ainsi que de l’ album et soulève des questions d’ ordre méthodologique, en plus d’ éclairer les rapports particuliers de Beauvoir à l’ Histoire, à l’ identité, à l’ amitié, à l’ écriture et à la réception de ses écrits.
Simone de Beauvoir : s’ écrire, se dire, se promener
Authors: Levéel Eric
Published: December 2020

Au printemps et à l’ été 1946, Simone de Beauvoir décide de tenir un journal. Elle renoue après plusieurs années avec la nécessité de se dire, mais aussi avec celle de noter par le détail le déroulement de son existence. En filigrane de ce « triptyque de 1946 » apparaît une théorisation du rôle d’ un journal dans l’ existence de Simone de Beauvoir. Se profile également l’ opposition entre les activités distinctes que sont « écrire le voyage » et « écrire en voyage » ; se dessine aussi l’ image d’ une voyageuse alors qu’ elle aborde la maturité de l’ expérience vécue.
Detection of human papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein from urine and vaginal self-collected sample via a novel duplex nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction assay
Authors: Wang Fan , Sun Wu , Ma Yulin , Wu Mei , Sun Yi
Published: December 2020

To test a new duplex nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 oncoprotein detection of HPV16/18 positive samples from vaginal and urine self-sampling specimen. Six specimens from cervical biopsy ranging from CIN1 to CIN3, which have been
testified by conventional PCR, were used for nanoPCR HPV E6 oncoprotein specificity test. Seven serially diluted templates by ten-fold (3.78?106?3.78?100 copies/μL) chosen from testified CIN3 biopsy were selected for the sensitivity test. Twenty self-sampling vaginal
and urine samples each from 20 women in our hospital were tested by nanoPCR and conventional PCR. NanoPCR showed high specificity when detecting HPV16/18 infected CIN2 and CIN3 samples from cervical biopsy and ten-fold higher sensitivity than conventional PCR when detecting HPV16/18 infected
CIN3 samples from cervical biopsy. DNA gel electrophoresis showed brighter bands on positive HPV E6 oncoprotein specimen from self-collected vaginal and urine samples compared to conventional PCR and higher clinical detection rate than those by conventional PCR on vaginal and urine self-sampling
specimens. Duplex nanoPCR can be used as a better method for HPV E6 oncoprotein detection in the high-risk HPV infection group for its novelty of high specificity in low concentration target detection, as was showed in the specimen comes from vaginal and urine self-sampling, thus promoting
self-sampling for better cervical cancer screening.
Teacher Candidates’ Developing Beliefs About Diversity and Its Role in Effective Literacy Teaching
Authors: Kwok Michelle N. , Rios Ambyr R. , Kwok Andrew , Matthews Sharon D.
Published: December 2020

This study explored teacher candidates’ understandings of diversity, equity, and equality, and how these beliefs differed throughout teacher preparation. Researchers surveyed teacher candidates at the beginning and at the completion of their program to compare responses to a question inquiring about student demographics in the context of literacy education. Researchers found that teacher candidates’ understandings of effective literacy instruction ranged within a continuum between stances of equity and equality, and that exiting candidates’ responses were more robust and descriptive. Implications include the need for a focus on multicultural education across teacher education programs to yield more equity based beliefs.
Surrender to Another Person: The Case of a Spiritual Master
Authors: Freimann Amir , Mayseless Ofra
Published: December 2020

The experience and posture of surrender has been espoused by religious traditions as key to spiritual life and development for millennia. Within psychology, on the other hand, surrender’s position has been likened to an “unwanted bastard child,” and its research has been neglected. Moreover, when occurring in the context of a relationship with another person, the terms “submission” and “obedience,” laden with negative connotations, have been commonly used. We propose that psychologically and spiritually developmental surrender is a common experience both when it occurs in relationship to “reality,” the Self or God, and in the context of relationship with another person, as in love, sex, patientship, followership, and discipleship. We focus on surrender to a spiritual master, which is in some respects the most extreme form of surrender to another person and the most challenging for the modern secular worldview to accept and suggest that, with all its complexity and potential pitfalls, it can be a powerful enabler and facilitator of the search for the sacred, self-transcendence, and spiritual integration.
The risk for nonpsychotic postpartum mood and anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Stojanov Jelena , Stankovic Miodrag , Zikic Olivera , Stankovic Matija , Stojanov Aleksandar
Published: December 2020

Objective

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to be the largest pandemic of our times. The aim was to recognize the risk factors for nonpsychotic postpartum mood and anxiety disorders (NPMADs) in women during the pandemic and state of emergency police lockdown in Serbia.

Methods

We assessed 108 postpartum women who completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and an additional survey constructed for this study. We also used the additional, previously mentioned survey, in 67 healthy age-matched women with children who were ≥2 years of age. The additional survey allowed us to gain insight into the impact of the pandemic as well as postpartum period on the risk of NPMADs.

Results

In 16 (14.8%) subjects we found a score ≥10 on EPDS. Higher rates on the EPDS were noticed in elderly, single, and unemployed, women who lost their jobs due to the pandemic, or women who were dissatisfied with their household income (p < 0.05). The risk of NPMADs was linked significantly to quarantine, and social isolation, the absence of social support, as well as having emotional problems. Postpartum women, compared to non-postpartum women, were more anxious and had feelings of helplessness during social isolation.

Conclusion

Understanding the factors that increase the risk of NPMADs during the pandemic could help prevent mental disorders during a possible future pandemic.
Potential Potholes: Predicting Challenges and Learning Outcomes in Research Methods in Psychology Courses
Authors: Stoa Rosalyn , Chu Tsz Lun (Alan) , Gurung Regan A. R.
Published: December 2020

Identifying impediments to learning can help both instructors and students. In this study students ( N = 222) from across the nation listed concepts from research methods they found the most challenging—“potholes” or impediments to learning, and also rated the difficulty of various concepts from the class. We also measured student attitudes and perceptions of the course. Our results showed validity is one of the hardest concepts for students to understand in RM. Not surprisingly, within a list of concepts in research methods, students tend to be tripped up by terms of similar grouping. Perceptions of a research methods course was strongly related to the students’ attitudes and canonical correlation analysis revealed several important findings from our data set. For example, we found that when students perceive more value, expectancy for success, cognitive strategies, and resources management strategies, they are less likely to be challenged by the concepts of samples and variables and threats to internal validity. Our findings provide a clear map of student potholes in research methods courses and suggest ways to change student attitudes about the same.
Investigating Sex-Related Moderation Effects and Mediation Effects of Self-Control on Delinquency Among Portuguese Youth
Authors: Pechorro Pedro , DeLisi Matt , Quintas Jorge , Gonçalves Rui Abrunhosa , Maroco João
Published: December 2020

Self-control refers to the ability to override impulses and behave in accordance with societal norms. Deficits in self-control are strongly associated with conduct problems, externalizing disorders, crime, and violence. The main aim of the present study is to investigate possible moderation and mediation effects related to self-control. A school sample of male ( n = 257, M = 15.97 years, SD = .98 years) and female ( n = 213, M = 15.79 years, SD = 1.03 years) youth from Portugal agreed to participate. Moderation analysis revealed that sex moderates the relationship between self-control and aggression, conduct disorder symptoms, and self-reported delinquency. Mediation analysis revealed that self-control mediates the relations between both triarchic psychopathic traits and dark triad traits, and the self-reported juvenile delinquency outcome. The findings suggest that self-control exerts significant effects on the criminal/antisocial-related variables examined among Portuguese youth.
Hypersensitivity to calcitonin gene-related peptide in chronic migraine
Authors: Iljazi Afrim , Ashina Håkan , Zhuang Zixuan Alice , Lopez Lopez Cristina , Snellman Josefin , Ashina Messoud , Schytz Henrik Winther
Published: December 2020

Objective

To investigate if calcitonin gene-related peptide infusion induces migraine-like attacks in chronic migraine patients.

Methods

Fifty-eight patients with chronic migraine, either with or without headache on the experimental day, were assessed for the incidence of migraine-like attacks after an intravenous infusion with calcitonin gene-related peptide 1.5 µg/min over 20 min. The primary endpoint was the incidence of migraine-like attacks after calcitonin gene-related peptide. Exploratory endpoints were the association between the incidence of migraine-like attacks and presence of headache on the experimental day, and headache frequency in the past month. Migraine-like attack data was compared to a historic cohort of 91 episodic migraine patients without headache on the experimental day. Total tenderness score, pressure-pain threshold and supra-threshold pressure pain at baseline were investigated in relation to incidence of migraine-like attacks and presence of headache on the experimental day.

Results

In total, 83% of the 58 chronic migraine patients developed migraine-like attacks after calcitonin gene-related peptide infusion. Migraine-like attacks were found in 92% of chronic migraine patients with headache on the experimental day compared to 65% of chronic migraine patients without headache on the experimental day ( p = 0.035). No differences were observed in total tenderness score and pressure-pain threshold between chronic migraine patients with and without headache on the experimental day. The incidence of migraine-like attacks following calcitonin gene-related peptide in chronic migraine patients without headache (65%) was equal to the historic cohort of 91 episodic migraine patients without headache (67%) on the experimental day.

Conclusions

Chronic migraine patients are hypersensitive to calcitonin gene-related peptide. The potency of calcitonin gene-related peptide as a migraine inductor is increased in chronic migraine patients with ongoing headache. We suggest that calcitonin gene-related peptide, besides being a migraine trigger also acts as a modulator of nociceptive transmission in the trigeminal system.
Buccal Fat Pad Sculpting for Lower Facial Contouring With 3-Dimensional Volume Assessment
Authors: Cristel Robert T. , Caughlin Benjamin P.
Published: December 2020

Buccal fat pad sculpting and removal (BFPS) can create narrowing of the lower 1/3rd of the face by selective removal and reduction of soft tissue volume. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging allows for quantitative and objective assessment of volume changes over traditional 2-dimensional photographs that has not been previously studied in BFPS. A prospective study was designed in consecutive subjects undergoing BFPS from April 2018 through March 2020. Only those patients that underwent solely BFPS were included. VectraXT 3D imaging and software was used to compare preoperative and postoperative volume changes. Fifteen patients were enrolled in the study with 2 males and 13 females. The mean length of follow up was 7.7 months (range: 1-21 months). All patients were found to have volume reduction in the area evaluated. The mean volume reduction of the selected mid-lower face in the frontal view was 7.2 mL on the left side and 7.5 mL on the right side. There was no statistical difference between the volume change when the 2 sides were compared (P= 0.82). This study demonstrate the use of 3D photography to objectively and quantitatively assess volume change following BFPS and that the volume removed is significant enough to demonstrate favorable results using 3D imaging. Buccal fat pad sculpting is a safe and reliable option for creating a narrowed lower one-third of the face. This is accomplished by selective fat removal and cautery induced reduction of the lower one-third of the face soft tissue volume. VectraXT 3D imaging and analysis is a powerful tool to objectively and quantitatively assess volume changes in BFPS.
Moderate to severe generalized anxiety disorder symptoms are associated with physical inactivity in people with HIV/AIDS: a study from Uganda
Authors: Mugisha James , Byansi Peter K , Kinyanda Eugene , Bbosa Richard S , Damme Tine Van , Vancampfort Davy
Published: December 2020

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the prevalence of moderate to severe generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms and its association with physical activity in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Uganda. Two hundred and ninety-five PLHIV (median [interquartile range] age = 37.0 years [16.0]; 200 women) completed the GAD-7, Physical Activity Vital Sign, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. An adjusted odds ratio for physical inactivity in people with moderate to severe GAD symptoms was calculated using binary logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of moderate to severe GAD symptoms was 9.1%. Those with moderate to severe GAD symptoms had a 16.8 times higher odds (95% CI = 5.0–55.9) for not complying with the physical activity recommendations. The current study shows that moderate to severe GAD symptoms are strongly associated with physical inactivity in PLHIV living in a country such as Uganda.
Judicial analytics on trial: An assessment of legal analytics in judicial systems in light of the right to a fair trial
Authors: Steponenaite Vilte Kristina , Valcke Peggy
Published: December 2020

This article informs about certain legal analytics tools that can be used to predict the outcome of cases. It identifies and assesses some challenges to the right to a fair trial that appear in case this kind of tools are employed by judges and parties in judicial proceedings. Further, the article offers a reflection on possible strategies to tackle the identified challenges, including the adoption of the appropriate method to address legal analytics in court procedures, the need for proper training of judges or certification and auditing schemes.
Electromechanical modeling and analysis of a piezocomposite multi-point loaded beam vibration energy harvester
Authors: Sharghi Hesam , Bilgen Onur
Published: December 2020

In this paper, vibration energy harvesting from a piezocomposite beam with unconventional boundary conditions is investigated. The beam in consideration has multi-point constraints and consequently has concentrated multi-point loading along its length. It is shown that the natural frequencies, strain uniformity along the beam, and strain node positions can be adjusted by shifting the support locations, allowing for a significant range of mechanical tuning. To model the electromechanical system, the Euler-Bernoulli beam assumptions are adopted, and by Hamilton’s principle and Gauss’ law, the governing equations are derived. Frequency response functions of the output voltage and beam transverse displacement are solved for harmonic base excitation, and the maximum output power is calculated both numerically and analytically. A set of experimental results are used to validate the model. A detailed parametric analysis is conducted by varying tunable system parameters such as resistive load, tip mass, and the intermediate support location. All interesting operational conditions of the system, and the corresponding tuning parameters are quantified. It is shown that the multi-point loaded beam concept can produce higher strain-normalized-output-power when compared to a cantilevered or a simply supported beam.
“Caring for the Elderly is Very Difficult”: Challenges and Coping Strategies of Caregivers in Urban Poor Accra, Ghana
Authors: Kyei-Arthur Frank , Codjoe Samuel Nii Ardey
Published: December 2020

This study is part of a broader phenomenological study on the experiences of family caregivers and their care recipients. There is a general paucity of research on the experiences of primary and secondary caregivers, and the negative impact of elderly care on caregivers in the urban poor settings in Ghana. This study explored primary and secondary caregivers’ challenges and coping strategies in the urban poor context in Accra, Ghana. This study was conducted in Ga Mashie. Thirty-one caregivers were interviewed. A phenomenological analysis was conducted using NVivo 10. Primary and secondary caregivers experienced economic, physical, social, and psychological burdens. Also, caregivers used spirituality and perseverance to cope with their challenges. The findings demonstrate that caregivers’ challenges varied by type of caregiver. Researchers and policymakers should consider the type of caregiver when designing interventions to mitigate the negative impacts of family caregiving on caregivers.
The autoimmunity of the modern university: How its managerialism is self-harming what it claims to protect
Authors: van Houtum Henk , van Uden Annelies
Published: December 2020

What we critically ascertain in this essay is how the modern university is increasingly drifting away from the key ambitions of its own mission statement, and largely by its own doing. Although the typical university in its mission statement claims to aspire outstanding quality, academic freedom, and to contribute to society, in its daily organization, the modern university has normalized and internalized a neoliberal metrical governmentality, in which quality, freedom, and societal benefit risk being exchanged for quantity, managerial control, and status benefit. In this essay, we stand up against this worrying self-harming protection strategy, what we term—following Jacques Derrida—the autoimmunity of the university. To structure our argument, we will discern the main worrying autoimmune paradoxes of this university policy in the hope to further the debate and potentially remedy the university of this self-inflicted harm.
Bourdieu and the study of capitalism: Looking for the political structures of accumulation
Authors: Roger Antoine
Published: December 2020

It is possible to draw upon Marx’s thinking without emphasizing an automatic relationship between an economic ‘base’ and a political ‘superstructure’. The development of capitalism must then be understood as resulting from the ‘conceptual separation’ of the economic and political issues. However, the research that favours this approach fails to provide the tools for a precise and systematic study of the political work which makes this separation possible. For his part, through the development of field theory and the emphasis on the notion of symbolic power, Pierre Bourdieu offers the means to analyse the political work of multiple agents, but he does not formulate a theory of capitalism tailored to his findings. It seems worthwhile to take up and extend some of his proposals to open up avenues of thought in this direction. It is then about considering that different fields coexist, each of which lends itself to a political struggle based on the assertion of symbolic power; each field contributes to a ‘conceptual separation’ of the economic and political issues, which is itself constitutive of capitalism. As a result, production and trade operations seem to be part of a natural and autonomous process. Capital can thus be accumulated without necessitating the direct use of force. The combination of fields can lend itself to certain variations. It always shapes the political structures of accumulation.
Women’s views on barriers and facilitators for seeking alcohol and drug treatment in Belgium
Authors: Schamp Julie , Simonis Sarah , Roets Griet , Van Havere Tina , Gremeaux Lies , Vanderplasschen Wouter
Published: December 2020

Aims:

Although treatment barriers are different for men and women, research is dominated by males’ and practitioners’ perspectives rather than women’s voices. The purpose of this study in Belgium was to identify and obtain a better understanding of the barriers and facilitators for seeking treatment as experienced by substance (ab)using women themselves.

Methods:

In-depth interviews were conducted with 60 female substance users who utilise(d) outpatient and/or residential treatment services. A content analysis was performed on women’s personal accounts of previous treatment experiences as well as their experiences with services along the continuum of care, resulting in practical implications for the organisation of services.

Results:

Female substance users experience various overlapping – and at times competing – barriers and facilitators when seeking treatment and utilising services. For most women, the threat of losing custody of their children is an essential barrier to treatment, whereas for a significant part of the participants it serves as a motivation to seek help. Also, women report social stigma in private as well as professional contexts as a barrier to treatment. Women further ask for a holistic approach to treatment, which stimulates the healing process of body, mind and spirit, and emphasise the importance of feeling safe in treatment. Participants suggested several changes that could encourage treatment utilisation.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrate the need for a gender-sensitive approach within alcohol and drug services that meets the needs of female substance users, as well as gender-sensitivity within prevention and awareness-raising campaigns, reducing the stigma and facilitating knowledge and awareness among women and society.
An analytical method to assess the structural responses of ship side structures by raked bow under oblique collision scenarios
Authors: Wang Zeping , Liu Kun , Chen Gang , Hu Zhiqiang
Published: December 2020

With the development of the shipping industry, the number of ships at sea has increased significantly. According to the statistical data, oblique ship collisions are much more frequently happened than that of head-on ship collisions. However, there are less researches on oblique ship collisions than those of head-on ship collisions. The responses of hull structure during oblique collision scenarios are different from those in head-on collision scenarios, and might have wider structural damages, which demonstrate the significance of research on oblique collision scenarios and structural damage. In this paper, the oblique collision scenarios are firstly investigated through numerical simulations. Finite element software LS_DYNA is used for the numerical simulations. Six typical oblique collision scenarios are defined, on purpose of finding the main deformation characteristics of the struck ship. Two basic assumptions were made accordingly. Then, a simplified analytical method is proposed to predict the structural response of ship side structures by raked bow under oblique collision scenarios. The new analytical method includes the deformation mechanism of the side plating, the web girder and the transverse frame. The resistance and energy dissipation of these components are used in an integrated way to evaluate the overall crashworthiness of the side structure of the struck ship. The numerical simulation results match well with the results of analytical calculations, which validates the accuracy of the proposed analytical method. The proposed analytical method can provide an effective way to evaluate the structural crashworthiness of ship side structures in oblique collision scenarios during the structural design stage.