bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) with Children and Young People who Witnessed Domestic Violence: A Naturalistic Single Case Study Series
Authors: Rocca Fiammetta , Schröder Thomas , Golijani-Moghaddam Nima , Wilde Sarah
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the potential effectiveness, feasibility, acceptability, and putative mechanisms of change of Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) delivered via videoconferencing with young people who witnessed domestic violence. A naturalistic, mixed-method, AB, interventional single case design was used. Five female adolescents aged 13–17 years were recruited from a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service in the United Kingdom and attended 4–10 video-sessions of the child-friendly NET protocol. Participants completed questionnaires assessing posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), general psychological distress, and trauma memory quality, wore a heart rate (HR) monitor assessing habituation, and were offered a Change Interview. At post-intervention, three participants showed reliable improvement in PTSS, but only one showed clinically significant change. One participant also demonstrated reliable improvement in general psychological distress. Effect size estimates ranged from moderate to very large and indicated change in the desired direction for all but one participant; estimated effects for general psychological distress were more modest. Three participants showed reductions in trauma memory quality, indicating increased integration. Within-session habituation was observed for all participants with available HR data; between-session habituation was also recorded for two of them. The lifeline was mentioned as a helpful aspect of NET, the video delivery was considered both a barrier and a facilitator to engagement, and positive or mixed changes were reported by two participants. Future research with more control and larger samples is needed to answer questions on generality of findings and impact of online delivery; future studies may also include longer follow-up periods and investigate other outcomes.

Trial registration number NCT04866511 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Structural performance enhancement of concrete beams with steel overlapped splices using nanoparticles
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Mohamed O. A. , Elkady Hala
Published: January 2025

This paper presents research program towards cleaner building industry; through producing nano-enabled concrete, namely Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) Concrete (CNT-CRETE). Structural beam specimens are cast; hence, a series of three-point loading flexure tests is conducted to evaluate and compare the behavior of five groups of standard-size regular reinforced (RC) beams, compared with those using CNT-CRETE. Two previously recommended percentages of CNT are used (0.02% and 0.04% of cement weight). Three possible splice shapes are tested: direct contact splices, and two possible non-contact splices (spacing distances of 1.5 and 3.5 splice bar diameters). The splices with direct contact splices lead to the highest flexural load capacity. On the other hand, non-contact lap splices result in a more flexible section. CNT-CRETE beams exhibited considerable improvement in overall performance. Hence, using CNT-CRETE can lead to future reductions in splice lengths previously recommended by different codes for regular concrete. This will be an innovative addition to different codes. This step requires intensive future studies to cover different CNT types and configurations.
Polyethylene microplastics hamper aged biochar’s potential in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Chen Yalan , Wang Zhibo , Zhang Anqi , Li Yang , Sun Ke , Jiang Chenrun , Gunina Anna , Aloufi Abeer S. , Liang Xinru , Han Zichen , Xiao Yue , Zhang Yunqian , Du Zhangliu , Zhu Shishu , Kuzyakov Yakov
Published: January 2025

While biochar effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions, the coincident microplastics will alter these benefits. To assess the long-term efficacy of biochar application in reducing emissions amidst microplastic interference, we investigated the interactive effects of polyethylene microplastics (1%–5% wt) and decadal biochar addition (aged biochar) on C and N stability in a Fluvic Cambisol. Aged biochar and polyethylene individually reduced CO2 emissions by 49% and 18%, respectively, over 91-day incubation. This was due to decreased soil aggregation, dissolved organic matter (DOM) content, and increased DOM aromaticity, which reduced microbial biomass and chitinase activity associated with soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. This ultimately led to increased accumulation of microbial necromass carbon (MNC) to soil stable carbon pool. Interestingly, the coexistence of polyethylene diminished the efficacy of biochar in mitigating CO2 emissions (+ 44 ~ 82%) and stabilizing MNC (-18 ~ 23%). This was because the interaction between polyethylene and biochar facilitated macroaggregate formation and DOM accumulation and decreased DOM aromaticity, which increased microbial biomass and chitinase activity for SOM decomposition. Similar to soil C dynamics, aged biochar largely reduced N2O emissions by 54%, due to decreased nirK but increased nifH genes. Polyethylene increased N2O emissions by 5% and 25% in biochar-free and aged biochar soil, respectively, likely through upregulation of nirS and nirK but downregulating nifH gene expression. Thus, polyethylene microplastics may undermine the benefits of biochar in mitigating climate change, highlighting the necessity to recognize microplastics as a global change factor and to incorporate their role in elemental cycling alongside their global transport.

Graphic Abstract
Economy and Commodity Production in the Aegean Bronze Age
Authors: Pratt Catherine E.
Published: January 2025

This Element does not discuss every aspect of the economy. Rather, it focuses on the first stage of an economic cycle − that of production. Two of the major guiding questions are: What products were the Bronze Age palatial states concerned with producing in surplus? And how did the palatial states control the production of these essential commodities? To answer these questions, the Element synthesizes previous work while interspersing its own conclusions on certain sub-topics, especially in light of recent archaeological data that help to fill out a picture incomplete based on textual evidence alone. With these goals in mind, this Element brings together both textual and archaeological data to reconstruct the internal economy and the production of commodities under the purview of Minoan and Mycenaean palatial states.
Drag polar modelling for jet aircraft using 6-DOF model data via cuckoo search algorithm
Authors: Yurttav G. , Mutlu T. , Baklacioglu T.
Published: January 2025

This paper describes a reverse engineering methodology so as to accomplish an aero-propulsive modelling (APM) through implementing a drag polar estimation for a case study jet aircraft in case of the absence of the thrust data of the aircraft’s engine. Since the available thrust force can be replaced by the required thrust force for the sustained turn, this approach allows the elimination for the need of the thrust parameter in deriving an aero-propulsive model utilising equations of motion. Two different modelling approaches have been adopted: (i) implementing the 6-DOF model data for sustained turn and climb flight to achieve induced drag model; and then incorporating the glide data to obtain the total drag polar model; (ii) using the 6-DOF model data together with introducing the effect of CL-α dependency. The error assessments showed that the derived CSA models were able to predict the drag polar values accurately, providing linear correlation coefficient (R) values equal to 0.9982 and 0.9998 for the small α assumption and CL-α dependency, respectively. A direct comparison between the trimmed CD values of 6-DOF model and the values predicted by the CSA model was accomplished, which yielded highly satisfactory results within high subsonic and transonic CL values.
Metabolomics in ruminant food: Bridging nutritional quality and safety evaluation
Authors: Zhang Boyan , Wang Jiakun , Wang Bing
Published: January 2025

Ruminant-derived foods, predominantly milk and meat, are globally recognized as staples of a high-quality diet. Despite their widespread popularity, there is a notable deficiency in comprehensive standards addressing the nutritional values and safety of these products. This gap significantly limits both the supply of and demand for premium quality milk and meat. This review endeavors to highlight the benefits of utilizing metabolomics for the evaluation of quality and safety in milk and meat products from ruminants. It identifies critical metabolites, genetic signals, and metabolic pathways related to the synthesis of ruminant-derived milk and meat, proposing their potential as nutritional or regulatory targets and biomarkers. These biomarkers are instrumental in predicting and assessing the quality and safety of dairy and meat products, offering guidance for quality-based pricing and food safety inspections in the market. This review offers a critical overview of current metabolomics-based platforms and tools for interpreting the quality and safety of ruminant foods. The core metabolic biomarkers and biological biosynthetic processes of milk and meat enhance our understanding of the interplay between conventional food production from animals and new synthetic biological technologies.
Actively Open-Minded Thinking About Evidence (AOT-E) Scale: Adaptation and Evidence of Validity in a Brazilian Sample
Authors: Bonafé-Pontes Andressa , Costa Bastos Rafael , Pilati Ronaldo
Published: January 2025

The present study aimed to adapt the actively open-minded thinking about evidence (AOT-E) scale to Brazilian Portuguese and assess its psychometric properties and nomological network in a Brazilian sample. It begins by investigating the underlying content structure of the AOT-E in its original form. Results from an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of secondary data serve as the basis for the proposed adaptation, which is subjected to both EFA and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A total of 718 participants from various regions of Brazil completed an online survey that included the AOT-E, along with other instruments that allowed for an assessment of the scale’s nomological network, including measures of science literacy, attitude toward science, conspiracy beliefs, and religiosity. The EFA and CFA of both the original and Brazilian samples suggested a unidimensional solution. Despite the differences found in a multigroup CFA, polychoric correlations provided evidence of expected nomological relationships that replicate international findings. Overall, this study contributes to expanding the availability of adapted and validated research instruments in non-WEIRD samples.
Surprisingly robust violations of stochastic dominance despite splitting training: A quasi-adversarial collaboration
Authors: Quispe-Torreblanca Edika , Stewart Neil , Birnbaum Michael H.
Published: January 2025

First-order stochastic dominance is a core principle in rational decision-making. If lottery A has a higher or equal chance of winning an amount

$x $

or more compared to lottery B for all x, and a strictly higher chance for at least one

$x $

, then A should be preferred over B. Previous research suggests that violations of this principle may result from failures in recognizing coalescing equivalence. In Expected Utility Theory (EUT) and Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT), gambles are represented as probability distributions, where probabilities of equivalent events can be combined, ensuring stochastic dominance. In contrast, the Transfer of Attention Exchange (TAX) model represents gambles as trees with branches for each probability and outcome, making it possible for coalescing and stochastic dominance violations to occur. We conducted two experiments designed to train participants in identifying dominance by splitting coalesced gambles. By toggling between displays of coalesced and split forms of the same choice problem, participants were instructed to recognize stochastic dominance. Despite this training, violations of stochastic dominance were only minimally reduced, as if people find it difficult—or even resist—shifting from a trees-with-branches representation (as in the TAX model) to a cognitive recognition of the equivalence among different representations of the same choice problem.
Awareness of Executive Interference and the Demand for Judicial Independence: Evidence from Four Constitutional Courts
Authors: Gandur Martín , Chewning Taylor Kinsley , Driscoll Amanda
Published: January 2025

Awareness of courts has long been theorized to engender enhanced support for judicial independence, but this is a logic that works only under the best of circumstances. We argue that interbranch politics influences what aware citizens know and learn about their court, and we theorize how awareness interacts with individual-level and context-dependent factors to bolster public endorsement of judicial independence in previously unappreciated ways. We fielded surveys in the United States (US), Germany, Poland, and Hungary, countries which diverge in the extent to which the environments are hospitable or hostile to high courts, and whose publics vary greatly in both their awareness of courts and perceptions of executive influence with the judiciary. We suggest that in hospitable contexts, awareness correlates with support for judicial independence, but said association depends on perceptions of executive influence. In hostile contexts where executive interference is common, more aware citizens are more apt to perceive this meddling, and although it might undermine trust in the judicial authority, it does not diminish their demand for judicial independence. Together, these findings underscore that public awareness and support for judicial independence are greatly informed by the political environment in which high courts reside.
Learning contexts and proficiency matter: L2 real-time sensitivity to conventional and unconventional dative pattern
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo , Hwang Haerim
Published: January 2025

This study investigates L2 learners’ sensitivity to conventional and unconventional dative constructions in English. Experiment 1 focused on measuring EFL learners’ acceptability judgment and real-time processing of sentences containing both types of constructions. Experiment 2, involving ESL learners, aimed to explore the modulating effects of L2 learning contexts and proficiency. Results from Experiment 1 indicated that EFL learners demonstrated diminished sensitivity compared to L1 English speakers, both in acceptability judgment and self-paced reading, with L2 proficiency marginally affecting their performance. In Experiment 2, ESL learners exhibited sentence judgment and processing patterns akin to those of L1 speakers, with L2 proficiency influencing their acceptability judgment and not self-paced reading. These findings support the claim that while L2 learners have a reduced ability to take advantage of statistical preemption, this ability can improve with increased language experience. Crucially, our study extends this theoretical perspective to the domain of real-time sentence processing.
Cache Complexes in Tikal, Petén, Guatemala (800 BC–AD 950)
Authors: Begel Johann
Published: January 2025

For almost a century, caches have been regular discoveries at most Preclassic and Classic Maya sites (ca. 800 BC–AD 950). As early as the 1960s, William Coe noticed a number of recurring patterns (Tikal Report No. 27A). Fifty years after the end of the Tikal Project's excavations, it was nonetheless necessary to review the data from all the successive projects to identify new deposits and reanalyze contexts deemed problematic. As a result, 343 caches are now identified at Tikal, of which 97% can be assigned to a recurrent Ritual Cache Complex on the basis of a combination of etic criteria including content, context of discovery, and chronology. Their study confirms a link between architectural and depositional sequences but also probable functions as gift offerings and agentive tools used by the whole population for ceremonies closely related to the type of structure in which they were performed. Finally, the repetition of cases provides a cautious basis for emic interpretations, thanks to the support of ethnographic comparisons. This organization of rituals into recurring patterns goes beyond Tikal and even the Maya area. This article is thus a first step toward a future larger-scale study.
Vladimir Putin, Normative Isomorphism, and the Language/Dialect Dichotomy
Authors: Maxwell Alexander
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes Vladimir Putin’s 2021 essay “On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians” as an example of political rhetoric invoking the language/dialect dichotomy. Curiously, Putin argued both that Ukrainian is a “dialect” of a greater Russian language and that Ukrainian is a distinct “language” different from Russian. As a form of political rhetoric, the language/dialect dichotomy draws its power from normative isomorphism, the idea that languages, nations, and states ought to coincide. According to the logic of normative isomorphism, claiming that Russian and Ukrainian are separate “languages” gives the Russian Federation a claim to annex the Russian-speaking south-east of Ukraine, while claiming that Ukrainian is a “dialect” of Russian would justify the Russian Federation’s annexation of Ukraine in its entirety. By endorsing both positions, Putin’s speech provided pre-emptively justifications for different policies, giving him room to maneuver. All that said, neither the language/dialect dichotomy nor normative isomorphism offers a solid basis for political legitimacy.
Nationalism and Ethnic Mobilization: Towards an Integrated Perspective
Authors: Vogt Manuel
Published: January 2025

This article reviews the literature on nationalism and ethnic mobilization. I first discuss the different strands of research in the field, highlighting three key sources of division that characterize existing literature: geography, ethnic cleavage type, and strategy of mobilization. Arguing that the lack of dialogue between different niches of research can undermine the accumulation of general knowledge, I propose an integrated perspective on nationalism and ethnic mobilization that serves to assimilate findings from these separate niches. I conclude by discussing how such an integrated perspective can enhance our knowledge of the causes, dynamics, and consequences of ethnic mobilization.
How Esoteric Was Classical Islamic Political Philosophy?
Authors: March Andrew F.
Published: January 2025

Rasoul Namazi's Leo Strauss and Islamic Political Thought is a wonderful tour through, well, Leo Strauss's reading of medieval Islamic political philosophy (as well as, or including, the Arabian Nights) and much of the secondary literature surrounding both the reception of Strauss's ideas and methods and the obstruction of such a reception on the part of mainstream historical and philological scholarship. One of the many great virtues and contributions of Namazi's book is that it resists the traditional insularity of Straussian and non-Straussian schools alike, seeking to read with an open mind non- and anti-Straussian scholars while modestly yet confidently making a case for why non-Straussians should read Strauss on Islamic political philosophy.
Persecution of the Art of Writing
Authors: Youness Mahmoud
Published: January 2025

An awareness of the controversy surrounding Strauss pervades Namazi's work. His apologia is a labor of love: erudite, painstaking, uncompromising. Namazi highlights Strauss's contribution to Islamic political thought and argues for the continued relevance of the Straussian approach. There is much to recommend in the book but I restrict myself to what I take to be its more problematic aspects.
The role of age of arrival and language environment factors in Arabic heritage language development: A longitudinal study
Authors: Paradis Johanne , Soto-Corominas Adriana , Daskalaki Evangelia , Al Janaideh Redab , Chen Xi , Gottardo Alexandra
Published: January 2025

The Arabic development of Syrian refugee children (N = 133; mean age = 9;4 at Time 1) was examined over 3 time periods during their first five years in Canada. Children were administered sentence repetition and receptive vocabulary tasks in English and Arabic, and information about age-of-arrival (AOA), schooling in Arabic and language environment factors was obtained via parent report. Older AOA was associated with superior Arabic abilities across time, but regardless of AOA, children showed plateau/attrition patterns in Arabic and shifts to English dominance by Time 3. Increases in English over Arabic were observed for language use at home and language-rich activities overtime. Stronger Arabic Time 3 outcomes were predicted by more Arabic and less English use with siblings, more schooling in Arabic, more frequent listening-speaking and extra-curricular activities in Arabic, and more Arabic use with friends. We conclude that the heritage language can be vulnerable even for first-generation bilinguals.
Z-score evaluation and inferences for management of aortopathy patients
Authors: Lashley Sydney J. , Holmes Kathryn W. , Madriago Erin J. , Huang Jennifer H.
Published: January 2025

Echocardiographic Z-score models play a crucial role in defining cardiac pathology in paediatric patients. There are multiple models that practitioners utilize in the United States without guiding principles to standardize their use. Discrepant interpretations can occur depending on the model chosen, even if standardized Z-score cutoffs are applied. In this study, a survey was developed to assess pediatric cardiologists’ use of Z-score systems when evaluating and treating patients with isolated bicuspid aortic valve. The majority of respondents reported using Z-score cutoffs to evaluate the degree of aortic root and ascending aorta dilation. For the aortic root, mild, moderate, and severe dilation averaged at 2.13 (SD = 0.32), 3.59 (SD = 0.49), and 5.11 (SD = 0.84), respectively. Similar cutoffs were reported for determining ascending aorta dilation. A large proportion of respondents primarily used the Boston system (36%, 18/50) or Boston and Pediatric Heart Network systems together (36%, 18/50). There were also differences in management decisions, such as implementing competitive sports restrictions, based on Z-scores and the 2015 Task Force 7 Bethesda exercise guidelines. These survey results demonstrate variability that exists among paediatric cardiologists in their use of Z-scores for describing aortic root and ascending aorta dilation in patients with isolated bicuspid aortic valve and suggests the need for implementation of national guidelines for Z-score usage.
Climate futures in the time of the unbroken asset
Authors: Aitken Rob
Published: January 2025

The crisis that now grips the ‘living earth’ establishes an intersection of climate and finance which entails questions of time: what does temporality mean in the context of both climate emergency and the processes of financialisation? In this paper, I intervene in these debates by reflecting on the reconstruction of time as a concrete legal object in the space of international investor-state arbitration. Over the past decade, international arbitration settlements, often using the accounting technique of discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis, have increasingly relied on a conception of investor-oriented time that offers an expansive future, a time of long-term unbroken integrity. I trace the complex but often uneven shifts in arbitration practices through which the future is reconfigured not as a proximate and conditional object but as a category, encoded in DCF, which is endlessly expansive. The time of the unbroken asset, I argue, is in urgent disjuncture with the time of transition.
Seismological Observations on Amplitude‐Dependent Energy Dissipation in the Crust and Uppermost Mantle
Authors: Tero Hayato , Nakajima Junichi
Published: January 2025

The amplitude‐dependent seismic attenuation in the crust and uppermost mantle was investigated using spectral analysis of crustal and intraslab earthquakes that occurred in two areas in northeastern Japan. P‐wave attenuation () was found to be weakly proportional to amplitude () in both areas, following the relationship, . Quantitative analysis reveals that amplitude‐dependent attenuation is more pronounced in the uppermost mantle (n ∼ 0.16) than in the crust (n ∼ 0.05). This depth‐dependent behavior of attenuation may be attributed to increasing temperature and pressure, which enhance dislocation density and mobility. Our findings challenge the common assumption of amplitude‐independent attenuation. Although we infer dislocation mechanisms as the primary cause of the amplitude‐dependent energy dissipation, further experimental studies under high temperature and pressure conditions are necessary for better understanding of the complex nature of seismic attenuation and the underlying processes.
Statistical Study of Electron Kinetic Entropy Generation at Earth's Quasi‐Perpendicular Bow Shock
Authors: Lindberg M. , Wallner A. , Berglund S. , Vaivads A.
Published: January 2025

We use the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission to study electron kinetic entropy across Earth's quasi‐perpendicular bow shock. We perform a statistical study of how the change in electron entropy depends on the different plasma parameters associated with a collisionless shock crossing. The change in electron entropy exhibits strong correlations with upstream electron plasma beta, Alfvén Mach number, and electron thermal Mach number. We investigate the source of entropy generation by correlating the change in electron entropy across the shock to the measured electric and magnetic field wave power strengths for different frequency intervals within different regions in the shock transition layer. The electron entropy change is observed to be greater for higher electric field wave power within the shock ramp and shock foot for frequencies between the lower hybrid frequency and electron cyclotron frequency, suggesting electrostatic waves are important for electron kinetic entropy generation at Earth's quasi‐perpendicular bow shock. Any eventual cross‐shock potential contribution to the electron entropy generation has not been considered in this study.
Signatures of the Long Duration Prompt Penetration Electric Field in the 18 MHz HF Radar Observations Over Thumba
Authors: Krishnan Lalitha G. , Shiokawa Kazuo , Pant Tarun Kumar , Vichare Geetha
Published: January 2025

One of the best proxies to estimate the daytime ionospheric zonal electric field from the dynamo region is by probing the drift of the plasma irregularities in the ionospheric E‐region by coherent radars, although there have not been many at HF frequencies. The present study is based on the observations of the anomalous variability in the zonal drift of 8.3 m scale size plasma irregularities in the ionospheric E‐region during the daytime on 12 October 2021, and 28 November 2022, as observed by an 18 MHz HF radar at Thumba (8.5°N, 77°E, and dip lat. = 1.96°N). The wind perturbations from the lower atmosphere and the electric field penetrating from the solar wind, can both cause the perturbations in the E‐region electric field. Based on a comparison with the predicted Prompt Penetration Equatorial Electric Field (PPEF) as ascribed by Manoj et al. (2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008ja013381), and the quiet‐time dynamo electric field over the longitude of Thumba, we conclude that the perturbations in the electric field on these two events are caused by PPEF mapping to the equatorial region, solely driven by IMF BZ oscillations. The former event is a result of a Coronal Mass Ejection, whereas the latter event was caused by a high‐speed solar wind associated with coronal hole. The fluctuations in the strength of the Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) calculated from the magnetic field observations from a pair of equatorial (Tirunelveli) and off‐equatorial (Alibag) stations are also found to be well in agreement with the radar observations and modeled PPEF, thereby verifying the E‐region observations.
Comprehensive discovery and functional characterization of the noncanonical proteome
Authors: Shi Chengyu , Liu Fangzhou , Su Xinwan , Yang Zuozhen , Wang Ying , Xie Shanshan , Xie Shaofang , Sun Qiang , Chen Yu , Sang Lingjie , Tan Manman , Zhu Linyu , Lei Kai , Li Junhong , Yang Jiecheng , Gao Zerui , Yu Meng , Wang Xinyi , Wang Junfeng , Chen Jing , Zhuo Wei , Fang Zhaoyuan , Liu Jian , Yan Qingfeng , Neculai Dante , Sun Qiming , Shao Jianzhong , Lin Weiqiang , Liu Wei , Chen Jian , Wang Liangjing , Liu Yang , Li Xu , Zhou Tianhua , Lin Aifu
Published: January 2025

The systematic identification and functional characterization of noncanonical translation products, such as novel peptides, will facilitate the understanding of the human genome and provide new insights into cell biology. Here, we constructed a high-coverage peptide sequencing reference library with 11,668,944 open reading frames and employed an ultrafiltration tandem mass spectrometry assay to identify novel peptides. Through these methods, we discovered 8945 previously unannotated peptides from normal gastric tissues, gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, nearly half of which were derived from noncoding RNAs. Moreover, our CRISPR screening revealed that 1161 peptides are involved in tumor cell proliferation. The presence and physiological function of a subset of these peptides, selected based on screening scores, amino acid length, and various indicators, were verified through Flag-knockin and multiple other methods. To further characterize the potential regulatory mechanisms involved, we constructed a framework based on artificial intelligence structure prediction and peptide‒protein interaction network analysis for the top 100 candidates and revealed that these cancer-related peptides have diverse subcellular locations and participate in organelle-specific processes. Further investigation verified the interacting partners of pep1-nc-OLMALINC, pep5-nc-TRHDE-AS1, pep-nc-ZNF436-AS1 and pep2-nc-AC027045.3, and the functions of these peptides in mitochondrial complex assembly, energy metabolism, and cholesterol metabolism, respectively. We showed that pep5-nc-TRHDE-AS1 and pep2-nc-AC027045.3 had substantial impacts on tumor growth in xenograft models. Furthermore, the dysregulation of these four peptides is closely correlated with clinical prognosis. Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive characterization of the noncanonical proteome, and highlights critical roles of these previously unannotated peptides in cancer biology.
Asymmetric ion transport through heterogeneous bilayers of covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Xin Shixian , Qian Qin , Xi Xiaoyi , Fang Munan , Sun Zhifei , Wang Yunyang , Li Yulong , Wang Yue , Tian Xingtao , Li Yuntong , Wang Siyu , Yang Jinlei , Tang Zhiyong , Li Lianshan
Published: January 2025

In recent years, with the development of interfacial polymerization methodologies, the successful preparation of covalent organic framework (COF) monolayers featuring ultrahigh pore density and molecule-scale thickness has become a reality. This advancement has enabled ion transport with ultrahigh flux across extremely short paths. Owing to these processes, the COF monolayers have shown wide potential applications ranging from energy conversion and artificial mechanosensing to ion sieving. To date, nanofluidic systems based on COF monolayers are homogeneous, leading to nearly symmetric ion transport properties. Studies on the ionic transport behavior within ultrathin COF heterojunctions are limited and remain challenging. Herein, using a two-step sequential self-assembly and subsequent interfacial polymerization strategy, bi-layered heterogeneous tetraphenylporphyrin-based COF membranes composed of negatively charged and positively charged monolayers were prepared. Using an electric field as a driving force, rectified ion transport was observed for the first time. Notably, this ionic current rectification property could be modulated by the salt concentration and the structural composition of the membrane, and it was universal for various COF heterojunctions with different chemical ingredients. These findings are beneficial for promoting the development of innovative nanofluidic materials and devices.
Ecological dynamics of Enterobacteriaceae in the human gut microbiome across global populations
Authors: Yin Qi , da Silva Ana C. , Zorrilla Francisco , Almeida Ana S. , Patil Kiran R. , Almeida Alexandre
Published: January 2025

Gut bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family are a major cause of opportunistic infections worldwide. Given their prevalence among healthy human gut microbiomes, interspecies interactions may play a role in modulating infection resistance. Here we uncover global ecological patterns linked to Enterobacteriaceae colonization and abundance by leveraging a large-scale dataset of 12,238 public human gut metagenomes spanning 45 countries. Machine learning analyses identified a robust gut microbiome signature associated with Enterobacteriaceae colonization status, consistent across health states and geographic locations. We classified 172 gut microbial species as co-colonizers and 135 as co-excluders, revealing a genus-wide signal of colonization resistance within Faecalibacterium and strain-specific co-colonization patterns of the underexplored Faecalimonas phoceensis. Co-exclusion is linked to functions involved in short-chain fatty acid production, iron metabolism and quorum sensing, while co-colonization is linked to greater functional diversity and metabolic resemblance to Enterobacteriaceae. Our work underscores the critical role of the intestinal environment in the colonization success of gut-associated opportunistic pathogens with implications for developing non-antibiotic therapeutic strategies.
Machine learning in the prediction of human wellbeing
Authors: Oparina Ekaterina , Kaiser Caspar , Gentile Niccolò , Tkatchenko Alexandre , Clark Andrew E. , De Neve Jan-Emmanuel , D’Ambrosio Conchita
Published: January 2025

Subjective wellbeing data are increasingly used across the social sciences. Yet, despite the widespread use of such data, the predictive power of approaches commonly used to model wellbeing is only limited. In response, we here use tree-based Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to provide a better understanding of respondents’ self-reported wellbeing. We analyse representative samples of more than one million respondents from Germany, the UK, and the United States, using data from 2010 to 2018. We make three contributions. First, we show that ML algorithms can indeed yield better predictive performance than standard approaches, and establish an upper bound on the predictability of wellbeing scores with survey data. Second, we use ML to identify the key drivers of evaluative wellbeing. We show that the variables emphasised in the earlier intuition- and theory-based literature also appear in ML analyses. Third, we illustrate how ML can be used to make a judgement about functional forms, including the existence of satiation points in the effects of income and the U-shaped relationship between age and wellbeing.
Exploring the utility of unretouched lithic flakes as markers of cultural change
Authors: Will Manuel , Rathmann Hannes
Published: January 2025

Lithic artefacts provide the principal means to study cultural change in the deep human past. Tools and cores have been the focus of much prior research based on their perceived information content and cultural relevance. Unretouched flakes rarely attract comparable attention in archaeological studies, despite being the most abundant assemblage elements and featuring prominently in ethnographic and experimental work. Here, we examine the potential of flake morphology for tracing cultural change utilising 4,512 flakes, each characterised by 16 standard mixed-scale attributes, from a well-documented cultural sequence at the Middle Stone Age site of Sibhudu, South Africa. We quantified multivariate similarities among flakes using FLEXDIST, a highly versatile method capable of handling mixed, correlated, incomplete, and high-dimensional data. Our findings reveal a significant gradual change in flake morphology that aligns with the documented cultural succession at Sibhudu. Furthermore, our analysis provides new insights into the patterning of variability throughout the studied sequence. The demonstrated potential of flakes to track cultural change opens up additional avenues for comparative research due to their ubiquity, the availability of commonly recorded attributes, and especially in the absence of cores or tools. FLEXDIST, with its versatile applicability to complex lithic datasets, holds particular promise in this regard.
Decoupling of surface water storage from precipitation in global drylands due to anthropogenic activity
Authors: Zhao Gang , Gao Huilin , Li Yao , Tang Qiuhong , Woolway R. Iestyn , Merder Julian , Rosa Lorenzo , Michalak Anna M.
Published: January 2025

The availability of surface water in global drylands is essential for both human society and ecosystems. However, the long-term drivers of change in surface water storage, particularly those related to anthropogenic activities, remain unclear. Here we use multi-mission remote sensing data to construct monthly time series of water storage changes from 1985 to 2020 for 105,400 lakes and reservoirs in global drylands. An increase of 2.20 km3 per year in surface water storage is found primarily due to the construction of new reservoirs. For lakes and old reservoirs (constructed before 1983), conversely, the trend in storage is minor when aggregated globally, but they dominate surface water storage trends in 91% of individual global dryland basins. Further analysis reveals that long-term storage changes in these water bodies are primarily linked to anthropogenic factors—including human-induced warming and water-management practices—rather than to precipitation changes, as previously thought. These findings reveal a decoupling of surface water storage from precipitation in global drylands, raising concerns about societal and ecosystem sustainability.
MOF confinement enables selective synthesis of novel oxazoles from indole and formaldehyde
Authors: Zheng Deng-Yue , Gao Jinping , Diao Yue , Li Mian , Huang Xiao-Chun
Published: January 2025

The high reactivity of indole and formaldehyde has been successfully controlled through the confinement effect of MOF, enabling the highly selective synthesis of novel oxazole compounds via a specific reaction pathway.
Towards sensitive identification of fluorinated graphdiyne configurations by computational X-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Li Hai-Bo , Song Xiu-Neng , Wang Chuan-Kui , Hua Weijie , Ma Yong
Published: January 2025

Fluorinated graphdiyne (F-GDY) materials exhibit exceptional performance in various applications, such as luminescent devices, electron transport, and energy conversion.
Machine learning and text mining approaches to design selective catalyst reduction synthesis routes
Authors: Li Shuyuan , Huang Chenyu , Zhang Yunjiang , Li Jing , Sun Shaorui
Published: January 2025

The workflow for designing SCR synthesis routes employs machine learning and text mining techniques, including data extraction, feature encoding and filtering, model training and interpretation, and predicting synthesis routes.
Predicting hydrogen atom transfer energy barriers using Gaussian process regression
Authors: Ulanov Evgeni , Qadir Ghulam A. , Riedmiller Kai , Friederich Pascal , Gräter Frauke
Published: January 2025

We propose Gaussian process regression as an approximate but data-efficient method to predict reaction barriers of hydrogen atom transfer in proteins.
Chemical design of metal complexes for electrochemical water oxidation under acidic conditions
Authors: Yu Zhen-Tao
Published: January 2025

This article discusses fundamentals of electrochemical water oxidation catalysts based on transition metal complexes under acidic conditions, focusing on their design strategies and challenges.
High efficiency of solution-processed inverted organic solar cells enabled by an aluminum oxide conjunction structure
Authors: Yang Yi , Cui Mengqi , Jiang Zhengyan , Zhang Ruijia , He Xinjun , Liu Hui , Zhou Biao , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: January 2025

A solution-processed hole transport layer (HTL) in conjunction with an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) buffer layer has been developed to achieve efficient inverted organic solar cells.
Electrochemical hydrogenation of nitrogen to ammonia under ambient conditions in a suspended dual-catalyst system
Authors: Zhang Yue , Sun Wei , Zhang Rui-shuang , Feng Yan , Dai Bin , Liu Jichang
Published: January 2025

A suspended electrolytic dual-catalyst system was developed to achieve highly efficient electrocatalytic hydrogenation of nitrogen into ammonia.
Electrocatalytic C–C coupling of CO2 and formaldehyde to synthesize acetate via membrane electrode assembly
Authors: Xu Shaohan , Zheng Jingui , Sun Lingzhi , Pan Xun , Yang Ruochen , Zeng Jianrong , Zhao Guohua
Published: January 2025

A novel strategy for acetate production from electrocatalytic coupling of carbon dioxide and formaldehyde in a membrane electrode assembly cell is reported.
Recent advances in computational modelling of mononuclear actinide single molecule magnets
Authors: Dey Sourav , Baldoví José J.
Published: January 2025

In this review, we have highlighted computational studies on actinide-based mononuclear single-molecule magnets, focusing on compounds containing the elements U, Np, Pu, and Cf.
Crystallization induces thermally activated delayed fluorescence of Ag14 nanoclusters
Authors: Yang Jin-Sen , Xiao Lu-Yao , Liu Fan , Xu Jun , Dong Xi-Yan , Hu Jia-Hua , Li Jing , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: January 2025

The switching from fluorescence (Fl)–phosphorescence (Ph) co-dominant emission to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) triggered by crystallization significantly improves the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of Ag14 nanoclusters.
Progress in the catalytic enantioselective construction of difluoroalkylated stereogenic centers
Authors: Tang Li-Juan , Wen Yongshun , Jin Hong-Xian , Luo Wenjun , Long Lipeng , Shen Jiayi , Luo Haiqing , Yu Daohong
Published: January 2025

This review focuses on the progress in catalytic asymmetric difluoroalkylation to construction of difluoroalkylated stereogenic centers. Synthetic methods, active intermediates involved and asymmetric strategies applied were summarized.
Enhanced performance of UiO-66 for supercapacitor applications through oxidation via the Hummers' method
Authors: Okba Dina , Hassan Sameh , Abdel Aleem Abdel Aleem H. , Shehab El-din Mohamed T. , El Tantawy El Sayed Ibrahim , Abou-Elyazed Ahmed S.
Published: January 2025

Graphitized UiO-66 via Hummers' methods for supercapacitor applications.
A photocatalytic superhydrophobic coating with p–n type BiOBr/α-Fe2O3 heterojunctions applied in NO degradation
Authors: Song Huiping , Zhang Shirui , Cheng Shuyan , Fan Zhenlian , Gao Hongyu , Cheng Fangqin
Published: January 2025

The p–n BiOBr/α-Fe2O3 heterojunction enhances photocatalysis. The photocatalytic superhydrophobic coating is able to continuously degrade NO through the synergistic action of photocatalysis and self-cleaning.
Monophthalates of betulinic acid and related pentacyclic triterpenes inhibit efficiently the SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange and impact PI3K/AKT signaling in oncogenic K-RAS4B proteins
Authors: Benary Gerrit E. , Kilgenstein Frank , Koller Sascha , Scherkenbeck Jürgen
Published: January 2025

36436308255New derivatives of betulinic, ursolic, and oleanolic acid inhibit GDP/GTP exchange at low micromolar levels and act as a molecular glue that stabilizes an unproductive K-RAS4Ballo:SOS complex.
Influence of Lewis basicity on the S2− induced synthesis of 0D Cs4PbBr6 hexagonal nanocrystals and its implications for optoelectronics
Authors: Liu Yukun , Liu Yangai , Yang Chenguang , Mei Lefu , Ding Hao , Mi Ruiyu , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: January 2025

Based on the Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) principle, 0D perovskite Cs4PbBr6 HNCs were synthesized, providing support for the photophysical properties and optoelectronic applications of inorganic halide perovskite nanomaterials.
Flexible fire-safe hybrid organic–inorganic cellulose aerogels from sol–gel casting
Authors: Birdsong Björn K. , Capezza Antonio J. , Mensah Rhoda Afriyie , Elf Patric , Hedenqvist Mikael S. , Nilsson Fritjof , Olsson Richard T.
Published: January 2025

The flexible hybrid silicon-oxide cellulose aerogels were achieved by forming thin and uniform coatings on cellulose nanofibres, combining the properties of the strong cellulose nanofibres with the more brittle silica material.
Anomalous phonon transport and thermoelectric properties in honeycomb compounds ACuTe (A = Na, K, Rb)
Authors: Yuan Xingzhu , Zhao Yinchang , Sui Pengfei , Ni Jun , Dai Zhenhong
Published: January 2025

An anomalous mass trend in lattice thermal conductivity (κL) has been observed, where substituting lighter atoms for cations results in a decrease in κL. This effect is intrinsic to the lattice vibrations within the layered honeycomb structure.
Expression of concern: Synthesis and characterization of a novel copper carboxylate complex and a copper complex-coated polyether sulfone membrane for efficient degradation of methylene blue dye under UV irradiation: the single crystal X-ray structure of the copper carboxylate complex
Authors: Dhir Rupy , Shah Bulle , Singh Narinder
Published: January 2025

Expression of concern for ‘Synthesis and characterization of a novel copper carboxylate complex and a copper complex-coated polyether sulfone membrane for efficient degradation of methylene blue dye under UV irradiation: the single crystal X-ray structure of the copper carboxylate complex’ by Rupy Dhir et al., Dalton Trans., 2024, 53, 9441–9451, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4DT00871E.
Precision manufacturing of glass dielectric resonator antennas for sub‐THz applications using laser induced deep etching technology
Authors: Bekker Elizabeth , Yin Jiexi , Valenziano Luca , Lootze Michael , Schulz‐Ruhtenberg Malte , Zwick Thomas , Bhutani Akanksha
Published: January 2025

This letter demonstrates for the first time how laser induced deep etching (LIDE) technology is used to manufacture highly precise glass dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for sub‐THz applications. The glass resonator antennas shown in this letter operate in the 110–170 GHz (D‐band) frequency range, which is highest frequency at which glass dielectric resonator antennas have been demonstrated to date. The letter discusses the design, manufacturing precision and measurement details for both a single rectangular DRA element, as well as a 4‐by‐4 array. The measured bandwidth of the singular rectangular DRA stretches from 117–160 GHz, with a peak gain of 6.1 dBi. The array, in turn, has a measured bandwidth of 135–146 GHz, with a peak gain of 13.2 dBi. The excellent measurement results are proof of the suitability of the LIDE technology for highly precise sub‐THz antennas.