bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inequalities in Delayed Initiation of Breastfeeding: Evidence from Health Surveys in 58 Low- and Middle-Income Countries (2012-2017)
Authors: Raihana Shahreen , Dibley Michael J , Priyanka Sabrina Sharmin , Alam Ashraful , Huda Tanvir M
Published: September 2021

Background: Delay in breastfeeding initiation beyond 1 hour of birth increases the risk of neonatal deaths and illnesses. Despite ample evidence highlighting its importance, wealth-related inequalities exist in delayed breastfeeding initiation rates in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our goal was to examine the magnitude and trend of socio-economic inequalities in delayed breastfeeding initiation rates in LMICs.Methods: We used data from 58 low- and middle-income countries from their most recent Demographic and Health Survey and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to present delayed breastfeeding initiation rates across wealth quintile and area of residence. To assess the wealth-related inequalities in delayed breastfeeding initiation rates, we calculated two indicators- the difference, in percentage points, between the rates recorded for the poorest and wealthiest quintiles and the ratio of the same two values. To present the change over time, we calculated- the annual absolute change and annual absolute excess change. Results: Within countries, the prevalence of delayed breastfeeding initiation was higher among the wealthiest quintile (median 47.4%) and lower in the poorest quintile (median 42.6%). In 37 study countries, the prevalence of delayed breastfeeding initiation was higher among the wealthiest than among the poorest. The highest prevalence of delayed breastfeeding initiation was in South Asia, and the largest levels of pro-rich inequality were in Latin America and Caribbean. Pro-poor inequality was more common in Sub-Saharan Africa. Delayed breastfeeding initiation rates decreased faster in the poorest quintile (median -1.3 percent-points per year) compared to the wealthiest quintile (median -0.8 percent-points per year), indicating an increase in pro-poor inequality over time.Conclusions: There is no distinguishable global pattern for wealth-related inequality in the prevalence of delayed breastfeeding initiation. The prevailing inequality may be due to a combination of sociodemographic factors and is largely preventable by incorporating adequate infrastructure towards creating a pro-breastfeeding environment.
Role of Neuroticism and Perceived Stress on Quality of Life among Patients with Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Tananuvat Napaporn , Tansanguan Sasiwimon , Wongpakaran Nahathai , Wongpakaran Tinakon
Published: September 2021

BackgroundPatients with dry eye disease (DED) experience stress that may subsequently affect their quality of life (QOL). Little is known whether neuroticism, a personality trait sensitive to stress and hassle, has an impact on stress that is related to DED and QOL. This study aimed to examine such a relationship.MethodsA hospital-based, cross-sectional observational study was conducted. All participants completed the Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-Life Score (DEQS) questionnaire, a 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L), Neuroticism Inventory (NI), and 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Hierarchical linear regression was applied to determine the predictive effect of the independent variables. ResultsIn all, 100 participants had mean age of 50.91±14.3 years, and females totaled 89.0%. The mean scores of the QOL related to DED, EQ5D, NI, and PSS were 45.44 ±22.0, 0.78± 0.21, 31.67± 9.1, and 18.53± 6.1, respectively. Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that ocular symptoms were the strongest predictor for QOL either assessed by DEQS or EQ-5D, and its effect was lessened when perceived stress and neuroticism were added to the model. The final model explained up to 30-39% variance of the QOL, compared with 13-32% by ocular symptoms alone. QOL of the patients with DED, not only related to eye symptoms but general stress in life. More than that, neuroticism was found to be a strong predictor contributing to the QOL among patients with DED. More attention should be paid to these psychological factors when assessing the QOL of this population.
Specific rumen microbiome traits predict average daily gain in beef cattle under different backgrounding systems
Authors: Omontese Bobwealth O. , Sharma Ashok K. , Davison Samuel , Jacobson Emily , Webb Megan J. , Gomez Andres
Published: September 2021

Background Backgrounding (BKG), the stage between weaning and finishing, significantly impacts feedlot performance in beef cattle; however, the contributions of the rumen microbiome to this growth stage remain unexplored. A longitudinal study was designed to assess how BKG affects rumen bacterial communities and average daily gain (ADG) in beef cattle. At weaning, 38 calves were randomly assigned to three BKG systems for 55 days (d): a high roughage diet within a dry lot ( DL, n=13); annual cover crop within a strip plot ( CC, n=13); and perennial pasture vegetation within rotational paddocks ( PP, n=12), as before weaning. After BKG, all calves were placed in a feedlot for 142 d and finished with a high energy ration. Calves were weighed periodically from weaning to finishing to determine ADG. Rumen bacterial communities were profiled by collecting fluid samples via oral probe and sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene, at weaning, during BKG and finishing.Results Rumen bacterial communities diverged drastically among calves once they were placed in each BKG system, including sharp decreases in alpha diversity for CC and DL calves only ( P < 0.001). During BKG, DL calves showed a substantial increase of Proteobacteria, Succinivibrionaceae family ( Ruminobacter, Succinimonas ) (P<0.001), which also corresponded with greater ADG ( P < 0.05). At the finishing stage, alpha diversity decreased dramatically and Proteobacteria bloomed for all calves, with no previous alpha or beta diversity differences being retained between groups. However, at finishing, PP calves showed compensatory ADG, particularly greater than that in calves coming from DL BKG, who showed the lowest ADG ( P = 0.02). Microbe network dynamics and network traits related to centrality, connectivity, degree, number and strength of microbe-microbe interactions in the rumen were predictive of ADG during BKG and finishing.Conclusions Assessing rumen bacterial community composition, and particularly microbemicrobe interactions under different BKG systems may be useful in predicting growth performance in beef cattle. These findings underscore the importance of early post weaning stages as potential targets for feeding interventions that can modulate the rumen microbiome to enhance life-long productive performance in beef cattle.
Accuracy Verification of 4D-CT Analysis of Knee Joint Movements: A Pilot Study Using a Knee Joint Model and Motion-capture System
Authors: Adachi Takuya , Kato Yuki , Kiyotomo Daii , Kawamukai Katsushige , Machida Yoichi
Published: September 2021

BackgroundFour-dimensional CT(4D-CT) is an advanced imaging method with the ability to acquire kinematic and three-dimensional morphological information. Although its use for analysis of the six degrees of freedom in the knee is expected, its accuracy has not been reported. This study aimed to use the optical motion-capture method to verify the accuracy of 4D-CT analysis of knee joint movement.MethodsOne static CT and three 4D-CT examinations of the knee joint model were obtained. The knee joint model was passively moved in the CT gantry during 4D-CT acquisitions. 4D-CT and static CT examinations were matched to perform 3D-3D registration. An optical motion-capture system recorded the position-posture of the knee joint model simultaneously with the 4D-CT acquisitions. These results were used as the correct answer value, the position-posture measurements using 4D-CT were compared to these values, and the accuracy of the 4D-CT analysis of knee joint movements was quantitatively assessed. ResultsThe position-posture measurements obtained from 4D-CT showed similar tendency to those obtained from the motion-capture system. In the femorotibial joint, the difference in the spatial orientation between the two measurements was 0.7 mm in the X direction, 0.9 mm in the Y direction, and 2.8 mm in the Z direction. The difference in angle was 1.9° in the varus/valgus direction, 1.1° in the internal/external rotation, and 1.8° in extension/flexion. In the patellofemoral joint, the difference between the two measurements was 0.9 mm in the X direction, 1.3 mm in the Y direction, and 1.2 mm in the Z direction. The difference in angle was 0.9° for varus/valgus, 1.1° for internal/external rotation, and 1.3° for extension / flexion. Conclusions4D-CT with 3D-3D registration could record the position-posture of knee joint movements with an error of less than 3 mm and less than 2° when compared with the highly accurate motion-capture system. Knee joint movement analysis using 4D-CT with 3D-3D registration showed excellent accuracy for in vivo applications.
Experimental Environment to Model, Simulate and Analyze Contagious Diseases as a Diffusion Process in Social Networks
Authors: Kasprzyk Rafal , Najgebauer Andrzej
Published: September 2021

In this paper the novel model of diffusion on networks and the experimental environment are presented. We consider the utilization of the graph and network theory in the field of modelling and simulating the dynamics of contagious diseases. We describe basic principles and methods and show how we can use them to fight against the spread of this phenomenon. We also present our software solution – CARE (Creative Application to Remedy Epidemics) that can be used to support decision-making activities.
Transmission Design of Bevel Gear with Arbitrary Crossed Axes and Its Application in the Knotter
Authors: Yin Jianjun , Wu Han , Ji Zheng , Zhou Maile , Guo Ruipeng
Published: September 2021

The bevel gear transmission with crossed axes is widely used, but there are the difficulty of tooth profile calculation and modeling in the design and manufacturing process. This paper analyzes firstly the parameter solving equation of the bevel gear pair with arbitrary crossed axes. Based on the meshing principle of the bevel gear pair and numerical analysis method, the meshing equations of the bevel gear pair with crossed axes are derived, which provide the calculation models for the design of spatial bevel gear tooth surface. Taking the bevel gear pair with crossed axes in two kinds of the knotter as two design examples, the geometric parameters of the bevel gear pair in the knotter are solved, and the mathematical models of the tooth surface are programmed and calculated by using MATLAB. Through the graphic display of the tooth surface point set under MATLAB software and the 3D modeling function of Pro/Engineering software, the accurate 3D models of the bevel gear tooth surface are established. The meshing transmission simulations of the established bevel gear pair are respectively carried out by using ADAMS, and their physical prototype and transmission tests are also implemented. The test results showed that the transmission of the designed bevel gear pair is accurate and stable, which proves the correctness of the derived calculation model of the tooth surface of the bevel gear with crossed axes.
Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Selective-laser-melting-processed Ti6Al4V
Authors: Li Zhong-Hua , Yang Zhicheng , Liu Bin , Li Jia-Xin , Kuai Ze-Zhou , Li Huo-Dong , Chen Yan-Lei
Published: September 2021

The relative density grading of metal lattice structures becomes a favourable design for bone plants since these structures are suitable for human implantation and have good biological compatibility. The unit cell structure designed using this method is better than that designed by traditional 3D modelling software, especially when using a bionic unit cell design created by a triple periodic minimum surface (TPMS). In this study, the manufacturability of Gyroids was tested by studying three different designs: the relative density of 30%, 20%, and 10% sheet structure. The main purpose is to understand the influence of relative density on the static compression performance of the sheet-like Gyroids structure. This study qualitatively analyses the influence of the relative density of the Gyroids lattice structure prepared by the selective laser melting technology on the compressive strength, elastic modulus, energy absorption and failure mechanism. As the relative density of the sheet structure decreases, the compressive strength decreases. The elastic modulus of the sheet structure of 10% is slightly higher than that of 20%, showing a different trend from the compressive strength. At the same time, the energy absorption per unit volume increases when the relative density decreases and becomes smaller, and the failure modes of the three relative densities all show a 45° fracture failure.
2’, 3’, 4’-Trihydroxychalcone Changes Estrogen Receptor Α Regulation of Genes and Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation by a Reprogramming Mechanism
Authors: Herber Candice B , Yuan Chaoshen , Chang Anthony , Wang Jen-Chywan , Cohen Isaac , Leitman Dale C
Published: September 2021

BackgroundMenopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is recommended for only five years to treat vasomotor symptoms and vulvovaginal atrophy because of safety issues with long-term treatment. We examined the ability of 2’, 3’, 4’-trihydroxychalcone (2’, 3’, 4’-THC) to modulate ERα-mediated responses on gene regulation and cell proliferation to identify drugs that can potentially overcome the adverse effects of estradiol (E2) in MHT so it can be used for long-term therapy to treat prolonged menopausal symptoms and prevent chronic diseases. MethodsTransfection assays, quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction, and microarrays were used to evaluate the effects of 2’, 3’, 4’-THC on gene regulation. Radioligand binding studies were used to determine if 2’, 3’, 4’-THC binds to ERα. The effects of 2’, 3’, 4’-THC on cell proliferation and the cell cycle were examined in MCF-7 breast cancer cells using growth curves and flow cytometry. Western blots were used to determine if 2’, 3’, 4’-THC alters the E2 activation of the MAPK pathway and degradation of ERα. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to measure ERα binding to genes. Results2’, 3’, 4’-THC produced a synergistic response of E2 activation of reporter and endogenous genes in U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Microarrays identified 824 genes that we termed reprogrammed genes because they were not regulated in U2OS-ERα cells unless the cells were treated with 2’, 3’, 4’-THC and E2 together. 2’, 3’, 4’-THC blocked the proliferation of MCF-7 cells by preventing the E2-induced stimulation of MAPK activity and c-MYC transcription. The antiproliferative mechanism of 2’, 3’, 4’-THC differs from selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) since 2’, 3’, 4’-THC does not bind to E2 binding site in ERα like SERMs. ConclusionOur study identified 2’, 3’, 4’-THC as a reprogramming compound, because it changes the actions of E2 on gene regulation and cell proliferation without competing for the E2 binding site in ERα. The addition of a reprogramming compound such as 2’, 3’, 4’-THC to estrogens in MHT may offer a new strategy to overcome the adverse effects of estrogen in MHT through a reprogramming mechanism rather than an antagonist action.
Nomogram Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Surgically Resected Stage IA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Quan-Xing , Huang Zi-Qi , Zhou Dong , Zheng Hong , Dai Ji-Gang
Published: September 2021

Background: The AJCC 8th stage system was limited in accuracy for predicting prognosis of stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study aimed to establish and validate two nomograms that predict overall survival (OS) and lung cancer specific survival (LCSS) in surgically resected stage IA NSCLC patients. Methods: Postoperative patients with stage IA NSCLC in SEER database between 2004 and 2015 were examined. Survival and clinical information according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria was collected. All patients were randomly divided into the training cohort and validation cohort with a ratio of 7:3. Independent prognosis factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and predictive nomogram was established based on these factors. Nomogram performance was measured using the C-index, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Patients were grouped by quartiles of nomogram scores and survival curves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results: In total, 33533 patients were included in the study. The nomogram of OS and LCSS contained 12 and 10 prognostic factors respectively. The C-index of nomogram showed a relative good performance which was significantly superior than AJCC 8th stage both in training set and validating set (P＜0.001). The calibration curve results showed that the actual survival rate was consistent with the predicted survival rate. Nomogram scores related risk stratification revealed statistically significant difference which have better discrimination than AJCC 8th stage.Conclusions: The two established nomograms can accurately predict OS and LCSS in surgical resected patients with stage IA NSCLC.
PD-1 Suppresses the Osteogenic and Odontogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells From Dental Apical Papilla via Targeting SHP2/NF-κB axis
Authors: Li Na , Li Zehan , Fu Lin , Yan Ming , Wang Yanqiu , Yu Jinhua , Wu Jintao
Published: September 2021

BackgroundStem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are important for tooth root development and regeneration of root dentin. Here, we examined the expression of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in SCAPs and investigated the effect of PD-1 on odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation and the relationship between PD-1 and cell differentiation and SHP2/NF-κB signals.MethodsSCAPs were obtained culture in the related medium. The proliferation ability was evaluated by cell counting kit 8 and 5‐ethynyl‐20‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining, western blot, real-time RT-PCR, Alizarin Red S staining, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to explore the osteo/odontogenic potential and the involvement of SHP2/NF-κB pathways. Besides, we transplanted SCAPs component into mouse calvaria defects to evaluate osteogenesis in vivo. ResultsWe found that human SCAPs expressed PD-1 for the first time. PD-1 knockdown enhanced the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs by suppressing SHP2 pathway and activating NF-κB pathway. Overexpression of PD-1 inhibited the osteogenesis and odontogenesis of SCAPs via activation of SHP2 signal and inhibition of NF-κB pathway. ConclusionPD-1 activated SHP2 signal to block NF-κB signal and then played a vital role in osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs.
A 15 Year Review (2006-2020) of Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) in United States Oncology Product Labeling and Trends in Sponsor Size and Oncology Experience
Authors: Cooper Lisa D , Wo Emily , Lee Irene
Published: September 2021

BackgroundDespite wide use of patient reported outcomes (PRO) tools in clinical development, resulting data is rarely incorporated into the US label. This study reviewed oncology product labels approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2006 and 2020 to determine if the rate of PRO inclusion in labeling has meaningfully changed. Sponsors were assessed to identify demographic trends in achieving PRO label success. MethodsFDA-approved drugs were searched utilizing the Drugs@FDA database by month from January 2006 to December 2020 for novel drug and biologic approvals. Labels and product summary basis of approval (SBA) were reviewed for inclusion of PRO data. Sponsor size and experience were determined for each product in the year of initial approval. Results155 oncology products received initial approval between 2006-2020, of which only 7 contained PRO data in the label. More than half (53.5%) of products had PRO data described in the SBA. Over time, PRO information increasingly been included in the product marketing application. Sponsors utilizing PRO data tend to be experienced in oncology development and larger in size. ConclusionsThere has been no meaningful change in inclusion of PRO data in oncology product labeling over the past 15 years. Recent FDA guidance and initiatives may provide additional clarification to support appropriate PRO tools to support label inclusion as well as another forum for distributing PRO data publicly.
RETRACTED: Investigation of biological activities and antioxidant effects of newly synthesized α-β substituted unsaturated ketone benzofuran derivatives
Authors: ERZEN Buket , YILMAZ Ökkeş , COŞKUN Demet , AYDOĞMUŞ ERCAN
Published: September 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A Novel Rat Model for Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Matched Clinical Syndrome: Combination of Clinical Cases and Experimental Validation
Authors: Mu Shuwen , Lin Yinghong , Xu Yongjun , Wei Xianqing , Zeng Zihuan , Lin Kunzhe , Zhu Linghua , Liu Qinghong , Qi Xingfeng , Wei Liangfeng , Liang Shengxiang , Wang Shousen
Published: September 2021

BackgroundCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare neurovascular disorder with highly variable manifestations and clinical course. To investigate its pathophysiology, an animal model with a properly matched clinic is needed. MethodsThis study consisted of clinical and animal studies. In the clinical section, eligible patients with CVST and healthy controls’ detailed data were recorded between January 1, 2016 and May 31, 2021. For the animal section, a novel rat model of CVST was established by inserting a water-swellable rubber into the superior sagittal sinus and applying imaging, histopathological, serological and behavioral tests to investigate the corresponding pathophysiological changes. A total of 19 CVST patients and 25 healthy controls were enrolled, and the data demonstrated the typical characteristics of venous infarction with elevated intracranial pressure, vasogenic edema, and secondary hemorrhage. A total of 80 rats were randomly divided into two groups: sham group (n = 40) and model group (n = 40). ResultsThe imaging results showed consistent characteristics of brain injury and venous morphology in the animal models and CVST patients. Histological and serological findings further illustrated the predominance of vasogenic edema as pathological change, while behavioral tests revealed anxiety and depression in model rats. ConclusionsWe established a novel CVST rat model with reproducible surgical methods and stabilization of pathological changes, and compared it to retrospective CVST patient data, proving that the model could almost reproduce the clinical syndromes. This model provides reliable support for the study of CVST pathophysiology and the evaluation of therapies.
Comparison of Visual Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction Between two Diffractive Trifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: yaprak asli cetinkaya , Unal Mustafa
Published: September 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Efficient and mild synthesis of pyrano-pyrimidines catalyzed by decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes bearing cobalt, nickel and copper metals in water
Authors: Harouni Nasrin Saberi , Naeimi Hossein
Published: September 2021

Multicomponent reactions are reactions in which three or more are agreeable of raw interests, composed in a one-step chemical process and the product is formed they give. Since multivariate reactions are monovalent reactions and Single-step conversions to ideal synthesis are very close. In this research, one pot three components reaction was carried out between 1, 3-dimethylbarbituric acid, malononitrile and different aldehydes in the attendance of Cu/Co/Ni/MWCNTs as a recyclable catalyst. This catalyst indicated high catalytic actuality with good proficiency and reusable under mild reservation. This reaction is performed fine at ambient temperature. This method proposed numerous materials such as being environmentally amicable for short reaction times and creating high yield products. The catalysts were collected and specified with diversity spectroscopic, such as techniques, such as FT-IR, X-ray fracture, and scanning electron microscopy. After finalization of the reaction, the vintage was obsolete, purified and identified by the melting points, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the magnetic resonance of the hydrogen nucleus (1H NMR) techniques.
Identification of Key genes associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and ovarian cancer using an integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zou Juan , Li Yukun , Liao Nianchun , Liu Jue , Zhang Qunfeng , Luo Min , Xiao Jiao , Chen Yanhua , Wang Mengjie , Chen Kexin , Zeng Juan , Mo Zhongcheng
Published: September 2021

Background

Accumulating evidence suggested a strong association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and ovarian cancer (OC), but the potential molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we identify unrecognized but significant genes correlated to PCOS and OC via bioinformatics.
Materials and methods

Multiple bioinformatic analysis, such as Differential expression analysis, Univariate Cox analysis, functional and pathway enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction, survival analysis, and Immune infiltration analysis were utilized. We further evaluated the effect of OGN on FSHR expression via immunofluorescence.
Results

The TCGA-OC dataset, GSE140082 (for OC) and GSE34526 (for PCOS) dataset were downloaded. 12 genes, RNF144B, LPAR3, CRISPLD2, JCHAIN, OR7E14P, IL27RA, PTPRD, STAT1, NR4A1, OGN, GALNT6 and CXCL11, were recognized as signature genes. Drug sensitive analysis was showed that OGN might be a hub gene in the progression of PCOS and OC. Experimental analysis found OGN could increase the FSHR expression, indicating OGN could regulate the hormonal response in PCOS and OC. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated that the function of OGN might be closely related with m6A and ferroptosis.
Conclusions

Our study indicated 12 signatures that might involved in the prognosis significance of OC, and closely related the correlation between OC and PCOS. Furthermore, the hub gene, OGN, was a significant gene in the OC and PCOS progression via regulating the hormonal response.
Asymmetrical pythagorean-hodograph spline-based C4 continuous local corner smoothing method with jerk continuous feedrate scheduling along linear toolpath
Authors: Jiang Xin , Hu Yifei , Huo Guanying , Su Cheng , Wang Bolun , Li Hexiong , Shen Li-Yong , Zheng Zhiming
Published: September 2021

In computer numerical control systems, linear segments, which are generated by computer-aided manufacturing software, are the most widely used toolpath format. Since the linear toolpath is discontinuous at the junction of two adjacent segments, the fluctuations on velocity, acceleration and jerk are inevitable. Local corner smoothing is widely used to address this problem. However, most existing methods use symmetrical splines to smooth the corners. When any one of the linear segments at the corner is short, to avoid overlap, the inserted spline will be micro, thereby increasing the curvature extreme of the spline and reducing the feedrate along it. In this article, the corners are smoothed by a 𝐶4 continuous asymmetric Pythagorean-hodograph (PH) spline. The curvature extreme of the proposed spline is investigated first, and 𝐾=2.5 is determined as the threshold to constarin the asymmetry of the spline. Then a two-step strategy is used to generate a blended toolpath composed of asymmetric PH splines and linear segments. In the first step, the PH splines at the corners are generated under the premise that the transition lengths do not exceed half of the length of the linear segments. In the second step, the splines at the corners are re-planned to reduce the curvature extremes, if the transition error does not reach the given threshold and there are extra linear trajectories on both sides of the spline trajectory. Finally, the bilinear interpolation method is applied to determine the critical points of the smoothed toolpath, and a jerk-continuous feedrate scheduling scheme is presented to interpolate the smoothed toolpath. Simulations show that, under the condition of not affecting the machining quality, the proposed method can improve the machining efficiency by 7.84% to 23.98% compared to 𝐺3 and 𝐺4 methods.
Closed form solution in buckling optimization problem of twisted rod
Authors: Kobelev Vladimir
Published: September 2021

The applications of this method for stability problems are illustrated in this manuscript. In the context of twisted rods, the counterpart for Euler’s buckling problem is Greenhill's problem, which studies the forming of a loop in an elastic bar under torsion (Greenhill, 1883). We search the optimal shape of the rod along its axis. A priori form of the cross-section remains unknown. For the solution of the actual problem the stability equations take into account all possible convex, simply connected shapes of the cross-section. Thus, we drop the assumption about the equality of principle moments of inertia for the cross-section. The cross-sections are similar geometric figures related by a homothetic transformation with respect to a homothetic center on the axis of the rod and vary along its axis. The distribution of material along the length of a twisted rod is optimized so that the rod is of the constant volume T and will support the maximal moment without spatial buckling. The cross section that delivers the maximum or the minimum for the critical eigenvalue must be determined among all convex, simply connected domains. We demonstrate at the beginning the validity of static Euler’s approach for simply supported rod (hinged), twisted by the conservative moment. The applied method for integration of the optimization criteria delivers different length and volumes of the optimal twisted rods. Instead of the seeking for the twisted rods of the fixed length and volume, we directly compare the twisted rods with the different lengths and cross-sections using the invariant factors. The solution of optimization problem for twisted rod is stated in closed form in terms of the higher transcendental functions. In the torsion stability problem, the optimal shape of cross-section is the equilateral triangle.
IMPACT OF CYBER LAW IN MODERN ERA WITH ADVANCEMENT IN TECHNOLOGY AND PROTECTION FROM RISING THREATS OF CYBER CRIMES IN OUR SOCIO ECONOMIC SECTOR
Authors:   Research Scholar At MAKAUT, Public-Foreign-Defence Policy Analyst , C.E, CH.E , M.Tech, LLB., Bhattacharya Sumanta , Kaur Sachdev Bhavneet ,   Political Science Hons ( Calcutta University ), Masters in Development Studies., Kundu Arpan ,   BA LLB, Calcutta University, Business Professional Programmer, Diploma in Computer Application., Bansal Khewan ,   Bachelor of Arts, Panjab University, Chandigarh.
Published: September 2021

Cyber space industry has made massive profit during this pandemic with everything going online along with the electronic industry in India , Today , Asia has the maximum population playing video gamers, the gaming industry is earning in billions , digital education , digital economy , work from home everything went online over night , which gave rise to cyber crime cases in India . India data is vulnerable and there is no cyber law which talks about privacy , more than 50% of the population lost their sensitive information online , there was cases of online job frauds and debit and credit fraud . The cyber law in India requires reform where phishing and cyber warfare are given legal protection in India , DATA protection , privacy and spamming requires legal attention . Banks are sensitive to cyber criminal because of the poor cyber security system and not so strong cyber laws which has affected the economy , people have lost many in lacs in these months , The cases of risen in 2020 to 2021 . India also needs to upgrade its cyber security policy and bring in professional in this field.
Generation Y consumers’ perceived brand personality of South African retail banks
Authors: van Deventer Marko , Erasmus Shezi Nkosinamandla
Published: September 2021

Successful management of a retail bank’s brand requires some form of brand image, such as brand personality. Creating a retail bank’s brand personality is effective in establishing attachment between customers and the retail-banking brand they choose to support based on self-identification. As such, this study’s aim is to investigate the bank identification and perceived brand personality dimensions of retail banks among the profitable and significantly sized Generation Y banking market. For this study, a non-probability convenience sample of 300 Generation Y banking customers was used. A self-administered questionnaire was developed for data collection. The results of the study suggest that Generation Y customers perceive their chosen retail bank as successful, sophisticated, sincere, rugged, community driven and classic. Moreover, the results showed that the brand personality dimensions of community driven and successfulness are mostly related to the identification of Generation Y customers with their retail bank brand. Customers who easily identify with their retail bank brand bring financial benefits to the bank, as these customers remain loyal to the brand. The results provide insights that can help retail banks to better understand their current brand personality perceptions, which is important given that brand personality can improve bank brand identification among customers.
Anthropocentrism in the Structure and Description of Language
Authors: Alanović Milivoj B.
Published: September 2021

Although the connection between language, meaning and culture has been dealt with on several occasions in Serbianlinguistics, we thought it appropriate to point out several examples of the lexical-grammatical structure of the Serbian language that illustrate the anthropocentric view of relations in the world immediately surrounding man. In order to realise our intention, we opted for verb constructions in which we can see the semantic transition from the original to the secondary domains, where the original domain primarily indicates the state of affairs typical of man or living beings in general.
Породични портрет у књижевном раму – тематизација породице у новој српској књижевности
Authors: Милосављевић Милић Снежана М.
Published: September 2021

Књижевнотеоријски статус породице није тако хомоген како би то у првом тренутку могао сугерисати њихов рецептивни потенцијал. Породица је и мотив и шири тематски комплекс, колективни лик у сопственом метонимијском огледалу, који се потврђује и кроз епонимску функцију, књижевни је топос, али и хронотоп, чинилац сижејне интеграције, носилац идеолошких вредности књижевне слике света. Њена варијантност се још више усложњава унутар књижевноисторијског контекста који моделује поетички правац, филозофска парадигма и други различити обликотворни дискурси. Они указују на то да се кроз дугу историју концепт породице мењао, али да је увек био централни мотив / лик / идеологема око којег су се испредали различити наративи. У раду се књижевној репрезентацији породице у новој српској књижевноти приступа типолошки и са историјскопоетичког аспекта. Указано је на основне правце ове репрезентације: митолошки, религиозно-хришћански, просветитељски, романтичарски, реалистички, модернистички и савремени, постмодернистички правац. У разматрање је укључена и тематизација породице у српској усменој књижевности као и у књижевности за децу. У завршном делу рада скрећемо пажњу на језичке презентације појма породица и концептуалне метафоре о породици, као и на опречне тенденције у актуелним културолошким праксама које указују на домете и ограничења наратива породице као једне од великих прича.
Estudo sobre ações sustentáveis para a organização de eventos em espaços livres de uso público
Authors: Cunha Souza Mariana Cristina , De Pádua Dennis
Published: September 2021

Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa de iniciação científica. O objetivo geral foi identificar os eventos realizados em espaços livres de uso público na cidade de Presidente Prudente/SP, demonstrando como podem ser estratégicos para o setor de Turismo e Eventos, possibilitando a incorporação de práticas e ações sustentáveis. A metodologia consistiu na revisão da literatura científica e pesquisa de campo auxiliada pela técnica da observação sistemática e entrevistas. Os resultados demonstram que, quanto aos impactos positivos com a utilização desses espaços para o eventos têm-se a valorização e possivelmente maiores investimentos financeiros nessas áreas; a efetiva apropriação dos espaços públicos, que reforçam e valorizam os elementos culturais e ambientais locais, melhorando a imagem da cidade e da gestão pública municipal; a utilização de elementos naturais da paisagem; maior mobilidade e participação de pessoas de diferentes grupos sociais, pois o acesso não é restrito. Os impactos negativos podem ser a degradação ambiental, com o descarte dos resíduos sólidos no chão, poluindo o ambiente e a paisagem; impactos sobre a vegetação existente na área, entre outros. A partir disso, considera-se que os espaços livres de uso público têm potencial para serem aproveitados, especialmente, como locais estratégicos na promoção de eventos com base nos princípios da sustentabilidade. Sugere-se aos organizadores de eventos, que no processo de planejamento, sejam pensadas práticas de sensibilização dos envolvidos, desde os organizadores até o público participante, ressaltando a importância da responsabilidade ambiental, a aplicação das ações sustentáveis e a utilização desses espaços para a realização de eventos na cidade.

Palavras-chave: Turismo. Eventos. Sustentabilidade. Espaço Público. Presidente Prudente.
Breast Hemangioma: Unique Presentation in a Patient with Klippel-
Trenaunay-syndrome
Authors: Siddiqui Ayesha Shamim , Zafar Ibtesam , Majeed Ayesha Isani , Riaz Ramish
Published: September 2021

Background:

Klippel-Trénaunay-Syndrome (KTS) is characterized by a triad of varicose
veins, port-wine stain and soft tissue or bony hypertrophy, and the diagnosis of KTS can be
made if any two of these three features are present. Hemangiomas in various locations, e.g., skull,
brain, epidural and vertebral hemangioma, mediastinal, colonic hemangioma, intraneural/intramuscular
hemangiomas, are reported with KTS.

Case Presentation:

Benign vascular tumors may rarely develop malignant transformation as Bugarin-
Estrada et al. reported breast angiosarcoma in a patient diagnosed as Klippel-Trenaunay-Syndrome.
We reported a case of a 40-year-old female with a known case of Klipple-Trenaunay-Syndrome
with left leg varicosities, cutaneous nevus, as well as unfortunate development of deep venous
thrombosis and markedly enlarged right breast hemangioma. Due to low incidence or lack of
early detection of breast hemangioma, its diagnosis is challenging.

Conclusion:

The history of the patient and multi-modality imaging utilization can help in early and
accurate diagnosis of diseases leading to better prognosis.
Successful Of Embolization Therapy On Recurrent Massive Hemoptysis because of TB Sequelae
Authors:   universitas Brawijaya, Merdekawati Ratih
Published: September 2021

Background: Haemoptysis is one of vascular lesions in TB sequelae, with incidence of 28% from 919 cases. It may be recurrent, massive and might cause mortality if left untreated. Embolization procedure with glue and coil can be an alternative to treat patient with recurrent hemoptysis. Case Report: We reported a case report in Saiful Anwar Malang Hospital, Indonesia, a 34 years old male with intermittent massive haemoptysis. Chest X-ray examination showed Lung Tb far advanced lesion with no acid bacilli found on microbiological examination. Transthoracic FNAB revealed chronic suppurative inflammation, with Cytology sputum Class II. Chest CT Angiography showed Lung TB Far advanced lesions accompanied by mediastinal lymphadenopathy with unsuspecting complications of left supreme intercostal artery aneurysm dd pseudoaneurysm, suggestion embolization. Examination results confirmed the diagnosis of recurrent massive haemoptysis and intercostal artery aneurysm with the history of TB. Embolization procedure was then performed. Conclusion: Angiography CT Scan has better detail in evaluating condition, source, amount, and tract of artery in chest cavity. Bronchial artery embolization as an alternative therapy was found to give better effect of occlusion.
Immunocytochemistry as a Diagnostic Procedure of Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Trimurtini Asih , Astuti Triwahju , Yudhanto Hendy Setyo , Erawati Dini Rachma
Published: September 2021

Background: Mesothelioma is a primary malignant tumor arising from the mesothelial surface of the pleura, peritoneal, tunica vaginalis, and pericardium. Most cases of mesothelioma originate from the pleura. Most patients have a history of asbestos exposure. A common diagnostic problem is distinguishing mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma since both tumors invade the pleura. Immunocytochemistry of calretinin and TTF-1 can be used to establish the diagnosis of mesothelioma.Case: Male, 56 years old presented with chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, and weight loss since 5 months before hospitalization. The patient had a history of occupational exposure to asbestos for 30 years. The movement and breath sounds were decreased as well as dull upon percussion at the right chest. A chest X-ray revealed a right lung tumor with pleural effusion. Thorax CT scan suggested pleural mass in right hemithorax, infiltration to intercostal muscles, and destruction of the 7th right rib, right perihilar lymphadenopathy, right pleural effusion, and liver nodules according to mesothelioma T4N1M1 Stage IV. Infiltrative stenting of the right and inferior lobe of the right lung, infiltrative and obstructive stenting of the medius lobe suggestive of a chronic malignancy and inflammation were found on FOB. Cytologic examination of pleural fluid, sputum, and Washing-and-brushing of FOB were a class II (no malignant cells). USG-guided transthoracic FNAB revealed adenocarcinoma with differential diagnosis of mesothelioma. Immunocytochemistry with calretinin showed positive results and TTF-1 showed a negative result. These confirmed the diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma T4N1M1 Stage IV. The patient showed a stable response from carboplatin/gemcitabine treatment.Keyword : Mesothelioma, Immunocytochemistry, TTF-1, Calrenitin
Elderly Male Patient with Fibrotic Non Spesific Instertitial Pneumonia from Lung Biopsy by Video Assisted Thoracoscopy
Authors: Santony Santony , Djajalaksana Susanthy , Chozin Iin Nur , Erawati Dini Rachma , Yudhanto Hendy Setyo
Published: September 2021

Background: NSIP is a rare disease, the incidence rate ranges from 1 to 9 per 100,000 population, where most cases of NSIP are idiopathic. NSIP definitive diagnosis is very difficult because it must be with a multidisciplinary approach and confirm from a pulmonary biopsy. On the course of his illnesses the possibility of Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) arising in NSIP during follow up period was about 10% of cases.Case Report: We reported one case at RS Dr. Saiful Anwar, an old adult male smoker, age 64 with fibrotic type Non Spesific Instertitial Pneumonia (NSIP). From clinical patients including anamnesis, physical examination and laboratory results and X-Ray chest, ILD suspicion was found. Bodypletstimography results show a corresponding decrease in DLCO with ILD. CT-Scan results obtained by crazy paving with pulmonary bronchiectasis traction in accordance with ILD susp Sussection NSIP and enforced from VATS biopsy results with conclusions according to NSIP description. Patients received corticosteroid therapy for 4 weeks and showed clinical improvement.Conclusion: In these patients the diagnosis of fibrotic NSIP has gone through a multidisciplinary approach including the pulmonology, radiologist and pathologist sections. Corticosteroid therapy in these patients gives good results and the patient is in stable condition. Periodic monitoring is necessary because of the risk of exacerbations and the incidence of CTD complications..
Program asuhan gizi olahraga (PAGO) atlet sepatu roda sebagai strategi memperbaiki profil status gizi, biokimia dan kualitas asupan
Authors: Dieny Fillah Fithra , Jauharany Firdananda Fikri , Rahadiyanti Ayu , Fitranti Deny Yudi , Tsani A. Fahmy Arif , Kurniawati Dewi Marfu’ah
Published: September 2021

Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian intervensi gizi berupa edukasi dan konseling gizi pada atlet sepatu roda remaja terhadap status gizi, status hidrasi, status biokimia, dan asupan gizi. Penelitian one group pre and post test design yang melibatkan 11 atlet di Klub Sepatu Roda Kairos Semarang. Variabel terikat adalah profil antropometri (berat badan, tinggi badan, fat mass, massa otot, body water), status hidrasi, status biokimia (kadar gula darah puasa, asam urat, kolesterol, hemoglobin), dan asupan makan. Uji Wilcoxon digunakan untuk menganalisis perbedaan profi antropometri, status hidrasi, status biokimia, dan asupan makan subjek antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada berat badan (p=0,029), fat mass (p=0,003), status hidrasi subjek sebelum latihan (p=0,026), kadar gula darah (p=0,005), kadar hemoglobin (p=0,007), asupan karbohidrat (p=0,029) dan asupan seng (p=0,049) sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Program Asuhan Gizi Olahraga (PAGO) pada atlet sepatu roda terbukti berdampak pada perbaikan beberapa profil antropometri, status biokimia, dan asupan makan. Program for inline skating athletes as strategies to improve the profile of nutritional status, biochemistry and quality of food intakeAbstract: This study aims to determine the effect of nutrition intervention in the form of nutrition education and counseling for adolescent inline skating athletes on nutritional status, hydration status, biochemical status, and nutritional intake. Methods: One group pre and post test design research on 11 athletes at the Kairos Wheeled Shoes Club Semarang. The dependent variables were anthropometric profiles (body weight, height, fat mass, muscle mass, body water), hydration status, biochemical status (fasting blood sugar levels, uric acid, cholesterol, hemoglobin), and food intake. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric profile, hydration status, biochemical status, and food intake of subjects between before and after the intervention, Results: There was a significant difference in body weight (p = 0.029), fat mass (p = 0.003), hydration status subjects before exercise (p = 0.026), blood sugar levels (p = 0.005), hemoglobin levels (p = 0.007), carbohydrate intake (p = 0.029) and zinc intake (p = 0.049) before and after the intervention. Sports Nutrition Care Programme to inline skates athletes is proven to have an impact on anthropometric profile, biochemical status, and intake.