bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memory reactivation in slow wave sleep enhances relational learning.
Authors: Kashif Ibad , McGinley Niall , Lewis Penelope , Santamaria Lorena
Published: June 2023

Sleep has been shown to boost the integration of memories, and thus to facilitate relational learning. This benefit is thought to rely upon memory reactivation during non-REM sleep. We set out to test this possibility by explicitly cueing such reactivation using a technique called targeted memory reactivation (TMR), in which sounds are paired with learned material in wake and then softly played back to the participant in sleep, triggering reactivation of the associated memories. Specifically, we tested whether TMR during slow wave sleep leads to enhancements in inferential thinking in a transitive inference task. Because the Up-phase of the slow oscillation is more responsive to external cues than the Down-phase, we also asked whether stimulation at this specific phase is more beneficial for such integration. Our data show that Up-phase TMR boosts the ability to make inferences, but only for the most distant inferential leaps. Such stimulation was also associated with detectable memory reinstatement, whereas Down-phase stimulation produced no such trace and led to below-chance performance. These findings demonstrate that cueing memory reactivation at the right time points in sleep can provide a direct benefit to difficult relational learning problems.
Efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions: Hybrid FSSO-HHO Approach with Hardware-in-Loop Validation
Authors: Senapati Manoj Kumar , Senapati Mrutyunjay , Panigrahi Pratap
Published: June 2023

Solar energy has attended an extensive acceptance for its ability to generate electricity and eco-friendly nature, which is beneficial to the environment and prevents harmful effects due to the use of fossil fuels. Power generation from solar resources is definitely a boon, but it is liable to its availability and variation due to changing factors such as irradiation, temperature, shading conditions, etc. The economic feasibility of this system is also dependent on its operating conditions. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) has been used in different ways to lessen the effect of atmospheric changes. Partial shading conditions (PSC) are one of the major causes of the MPP change in photovoltaic systems. There are utmost algorithms suggested to track the global peak, but due to certain factors, they are unable to track it successfully under PSCs. This conventional MPPT control technique has some crucial routine drawbacks, such as high tracking, settling times and oscillations at global maxima (GM) under PSC. This paper proposes a metaheuristic optimisation algorithm utilising hybrid FSSO (Flying Squirrel Search Optimisation) with HHO (Harris Hawks Optimizer) MPPT technique methods under different PSCs to ensure regulated, efficient power delivery, less complexity, cost effectiveness, easy hardware implementation, high accuracy, and almost zero oscillation near GM. The proposed algorithm is tested using Hard-ware-in-loop (HIL) setup. The proposed algorithm gives 99.99% tracking efficiency for all four partial shading conditions. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is overall superior compared to other methods in terms of statistical analysis and tracking time.
Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with Inflammatory Markers like C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 in Women with and without Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Comparative Case-Control Study
Authors: Azarbayjani Khadijeh , Sadatmahalleh Shahideh jahanian , Mottaghi Azadeh , Nasiri Maliheh
Published: June 2023

Background: Considering that interventions related to lifestyle, especially nutrition have been proposed as the first line of prevention and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), and regarding the proven relationship between PCOS and inflammation, the present study was designed to find out the possible association of Diet Inflammatory Index (DII) with the inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6, and compare the obtained results in women with and without PCOS.
Method: This case-control study was conducted on 45 PCOS women and 40 non-PCOS women. Food intake and DII were measured using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire. All participants were tested for the serum levels of Interleukin-6 and CRP. Finally, the obtained results were compared between the two groups of PCOS and non-PCOS women.
Results: Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, menstrual status and number of pregnancies (P<0.05). Comparison of DII value showed no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.68), but Interleukin-6 was significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (4.94±1.97 vs. 3.48±1.77, P<0.001). Also in terms of CRP, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Although the difference of DII between the case and control groups and its association with PCOS was not significant in the current study, it seems that diet, especially consumption of more carbohydrates plays a role in causing chronic inflammation and occurrence and exacerbation of PCOS.
Job adjustment predictive factors of healthcare midwives in health system reform in Iran
Authors: moradali monireh rezaee , Hajian Sepideh , Majd Hamid Alavi , Rahbar Mohammadreza , Entezarmahdi Rasool
Published: June 2023

Background
Having sensitive duties and multiple responsibilities in the country's health system, especially after the implementation of the health reform in Iran, midwives need to be able to perform their duties optimally in their new job position as healthcare providers. However, it is not clear to what extent the midwives have adjusted to their new roles and related duties since the implementation of this plan in the country. The aim of the present study was to determine the predictive factors of job adjustment of healthcare midwives in Iran.
Methods
In this cross-sectional analytical study, 310 midwives were selected from 209 health centers of West Azarbaijan province in Iran and entered the study by census method to answer the research questionnaires. Data were collected using job adjustment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment scales. For data analysis, SPSS software version 25 was used to calculate coefficients of ANOVA and multiple linear regression tests. Moreover, to determine predictive variables, path analysis was used by AMOS software.
Results
The mean age of the participants was 37.67 ± 7.1 years. Most of the participants (35.5%) were interested in their occupation as a midwife, and mostly had a medium to high tendency (76.1%) to stay in their new profession. Additionally, 58.1% of the participants had moderate job adjustment. "Desire to stay in the midwifery profession" and "organizational commitment" were important predictors of job adjustment for healthcare midwives. “Desire to stay in the midwifery profession”, with a direct effect, and “interest in the new profession” with an indirect effect affected the job adjustment of midwives. Moreover, “adequacy of income to expenses”, “job satisfaction” and “organizational commitment” through the mediating role of the “desire to stay in the profession” can directly and indirectly affect their job adjustment.
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, in order to make midwives more adjusted to their role as healthcare provider midwife, organizational managers should focus their efforts and planning mainly on providing incentives to increase the longevity of staying in the profession of midwifery in order to increase job adjustment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment, thereby, improving the quality-of-service delivery.
Extended Nucleic Acid (exNA): A Novel, Biologically Compatible Backbone that Significantly Enhances Oligonucleotide Efficacy in vivo
Authors: Hariharan Vignesh Narayan , Caiazzi Jillian , Miller Rachael , Ferguson Chantal , Sapp Ellen , Fakih Hassan , Tang Qi , Yamada Nozomi , Furgal Raymond , Paquette Joseph , Bramato Brianna , McHugh Nicholas , Summers Ashley , Lochmann Clemens , Godinho Bruno , Hildebrand Samuel , Echeverria Dimas , Hassler Matthew , Alterman Julia , DiFiglia Marian , Aronin Neil , Khvorova Anastasia , Yamada Ken
Published: June 2023

Metabolic stabilization of therapeutic oligonucleotides requires both sugar and backbone modifications, where phosphorothioate (PS) is the only backbone chemistry used in the clinic. Here, we describe the discovery, synthesis, and characterization of a novel biologically compatible backbone, extended nucleic acid (exNA). Upon exNA precursor scale up, exNA incorporation is fully compatible with common nucleic acid synthetic protocols. The novel backbone is orthogonal to PS and shows profound stabilization against 3'- and 5'-exonucleases. Using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as an example, we show exNA is tolerated at most nucleotide positions and profoundly improves in vivo efficacy. A combined exNA-PS backbone enhances siRNA resistance to serum 3'-exonuclease by ~ 32-fold over PS backbone and > 1000-fold over the natural phosphodiester backbone, thereby enhancing tissue exposure (~ 6-fold), tissues accumulation (4- to 20-fold), and potency both systemically and in brain. The improved potency and durability imparted by exNA opens more tissues and indications to oligonucleotide-driven therapeutic interventions.
The experience of nutrition impact symptoms during chemotherapy for lung cancer patients : A qualitative study
Authors: Zhu Pingting , Ding Yinwen , Shi Guanghui , Wang Wen , Xu Huiwen , Qian Meiyan , Gu Xinyue , Zhang Hui
Published: June 2023

Purpose This study comprehend the perspective of lung cancer patients who encounter nutrition impact symptoms during chemotherapy and investigate how these symptoms manifest in lung cancer patients and the physical and psychological impacts they have.Method Semi-structured interviews with 31 lung cancer patients from a hospital in Jiangsu Province, China, were conducted using a phenomenological technique. The interviews were taped, verbatim and sentence-for-sentence, and then subjected to Colaizzi's seven-step analysis procedure.Results The data analysis produced the following two major themes: "nutrition impact symptoms" and "the psychosocial effects of nutrition impact symptoms." Patients with lung cancer who underwent chemotherapy frequently experienced mouth ulcers, xerostomia, and lack of appetite. "Lose the pleasure of eating," "persistent depression," "feeling of helplessness," and "social restriction" are among the sub-themes under the second major theme.Conclusion This study emphasizes the negative impacts of nutrition on the physical and mental aspects of lung cancer patients' chemo-induced symptoms. Lung cancer patients continue to encounter physical discomfort, unfavorable mood swings, and even social limitations throughout chemotherapy as a result of nutrition-related illnesses. Patients with lung cancer may experience long-lasting nutrition impact symptoms during the early stages of chemotherapy, which can have a significant impact on quality of life and the outcome of the subsequent course of treatment.
A mixed strategy improved dung beetle optimization algorithm and its application
Authors: Chang Zhanyou , Luo Jun , Zhang Yifan , Teng Zhaobo
Published: June 2023

A mixed strategy improved dung beetle optimization (MSDBO) algorithm is proposed to address the problems of slow convergence speed, easy falling into local optimum, and insufficient search accuracy of the dung beetle optimization algorithm. Firstly, the good point set strategy is introduced to initialize the population and improve the population diversity. Then, the spiral search strategy is combined with the whale optimization algorithm to improve the location update of dung beetle reproduction and foraging behavior, balancing the local exploitation and global search ability of the algorithm, and improving the convergence ability of the algorithm. Finally, the Levy flight strategy is used to improve the location update of dung beetle stealing behavior and improve the algorithm's ability to jump out of the local the ability of the algorithm to jump out of local optimality. The results, tested with 12 benchmark functions and validated using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, show that the improved algorithm has significant advantages in terms of convergence speed, stability, and solution accuracy. In addition, we also applied the MSDBO algorithm to a two-dimensional maximum entropy image segmentation task, and the experimental results show that the MSDBO algorithm has good performance in image segmentation.
Vaccarin suppresses renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting EGFR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Xuexue , Du Xinyao , Ma Xinyu , Meng Xinyu , Zhao Chenyang , Li Taiyue , Yu Xiaoyi , Zhu Xuerui , Wen Yuanyuan , Zhang Shijie , Hou Bao , Cai Weiwei , Xu Fei , Qiu Liying
Published: June 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the common chronic complications of diabetes, is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Vaccarin, a highly active Chinese medicinal monomer isolated from vaccariae semen, confers protective effects against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the effects of vaccarin on kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy remain unknown. Our study showed that vaccarin ameliorated renal dysfunction and histological damage in diabetic kidneys through inhibiting renal fibrosis, overproduction of inflammation cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, vaccarin treatment significantly suppressed the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cells. In the mechanism, the network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking revealed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) may be the potential target of vaccarin. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of EGFR as well as EKR1/2 were abrogated by vaccarin in diabetic nephropathy and HG-treated HK-2 cells. In conclusion, our results reveal that vaccarin attenuates diabetic renal fibrosis via inactivation of EGFR signaling. Vaccarin might be a potential drug to alleviate diabetic nephropathy.
No consistency in the mechanism of assembly and potential effects on the host of various dimensions of Eucommia ulmoides rhizosphere microbiota
Authors: Dong Chunbo , Shao Qiuyu , Ran Qingsong , Li Xu , Han Yanfeng
Published: June 2023

Background and AimsRhizosphere microbiota is regarded as the second genome of plants and can promote plant growth, development and metabolism. However, little is known about the dominant microbial genera, diversity, and mechanisms of assembly of co-occurrence networks of the plant rhizosphere microbiota and their effects on host secondary metabolites.Methods: Using 33Eucommia ulmoidesrhizosphere soil samples from 11 regions of China, the dominant microbial genera, α-diversity, and co-occurrence networks of the rhizosphere microbiota were determined. Their responses to environmental factors (soil and climatic variables) and effects on the host secondary metabolites (assessed by LC-QTOF MS/MS) were then analyzed.Results: The dominant fungal genus and bacterial genus in theE. ulmoidesrhizosphere microbiota wereEremothecium(relative abundance, 50.54%) andSphingomonas(8.33%), respectively. The dominant microbial genera, α-diversity, and co-occurrence network properties significantly differed by region. The three dimensions of the rhizosphere microbiota (dominant microbial genera, α-diversity, and co-occurrence networks) clearly responded inconsistently to environmental factors, with total and available nitrogen having key effects on dominant microbial genera, total nitrogen and rainfall having key effects on α-diversity, and soil organic matter and temperature having key effects on co-occurrence network properties. There were also inconsistent effects on secondary metabolites, with the co-occurrence network properties being significantly correlated with pinoresinol diglucoside, and dominant bacteria genera (Bradyrhizobium,Streptomyces,Burkholderia, andMortierella) being significantly correlated with aucubin.Conclusion: This study provides a new theoretical basis regarding the mechanisms underlying rhizosphere microbiota assembly, and the microbiota effects on host secondary metabolites.
Altruistic behavior and International Environmental Agreements: A Differential Game Approach
Authors: Sacco Armando
Published: June 2023

In the last three decades International Environmental Agreements (IEAs) has been widely analyzed. Classical models predict that only coalitions formed by few countries can be stable, generating a rich literature devoted to solve the small coalition puzzle. The fundamental idea behind the great part of the literature is that players are selfish: to achieve a large stable coalition it is necessary to design an agreement that includes a credible system of incentives or punishments.
The aim of this model is to study the effects, on equilibrium strategies and on the stability of an IEA, of players that do not look at their on interests only, but they take care of the wellness of the other players in coalition. Following the approach of the Paris Agreement in 2015, countries that join the coalition do not decide the emission collectively, but each of them sets its own emission. The model is the usual two-step game: first the players have to choose whether they want to join the coalition or not, in the second step they solve a Nash differential game to find the optimal emissions. The stability of the coalition is studied in two cases: i) with the classic internal and external stability, ii) defining an altruistic stability condition.
Plasma p-tau231 increases at one-year intervals in cognitively unimpaired subjects
Authors: Martínez-Dubarbie Francisco , López-García Sara , Lage-Martínez Carmen , Molfetta Guglielmo Di , Fernández-Matarrubia Marta , Pozueta-Cantudo Ana , García-Martínez María , Corrales-Pardo Andrea , Bravo María , Jiménez-Bonilla Julio , Quirce Remedios , de Lucas Enrique Marco , Drake-Pérez Marta , López-Hoyos Marcos , Irure-Ventura Juan , Blennow Kag , J.Ashton Nicholas , Zetterberg Henrik , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Eloy , Sánchez-Juan Pascual
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND: Plasma biomarkers indicative of Alzheimer's disease pathology constitute a non-invasive tool for diagnosing and classifying the disease. They are altered even in preclinical stages. Nonetheless, it is necessary to better understand their properties so they can be helpful in a clinical context.
METHODS: We have evaluated plasma phosphorylated (p)-tau231 in a group of 146 cognitively unimpaired subjects in sequential visits and correlated their levels with different phenotypic traits. ATN status was defined based on CSF biomarkers.
RESULTS: P-tau231 levels increase sequentially at intervals close to one year. This increase occurs even in A-T-N- subjects. Basal levels of p-tau231 correlate negatively with memory tests only in subjects with a sufficient amyloid load.
CONCLUSIONS: P-tau231 is a sensitive marker for detecting early signs of neuronal network impairment by amyloid. Longer-term studies are needed to characterize better p-tau231 evolution and its relationship with the different phases of the disease.
Anillin(ANLN) promoting melanoma malignant progression via miR-200b-3p/ANLN/CDK1/p53 signaling axis
Authors: Zhao Jinglin , Yun Fang , Zhang Ruopan , Wu Liuli , Yang Jinghong , Wei Yan , Jia Xiongfei , Mao Xiaoqin
Published: June 2023

Background
Melanoma is a highly malignant tumor originating from melanocytes, characterized by its aggressive invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Anillin (ANLN), a multi-domain protein, plays a crucial role in cell division. Evidence suggests that abnormal ANLN expression leads to irregular cell division, promoting tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, its role in melanoma remains unexplored.
Methods
Bioinformatics, quantitative PCR, and Western blot were employed to detect ANLN mRNA and protein expression levels in both normal and cancer cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilized to identify the interaction between ANLN and the upstream target microRNA. The invasion and metastasis of A875 and SK-MEL-28 cells were examined using Transwell assays. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze cell cycle and apoptosis. The role of ANLN in the initiation and development of melanoma was further assessed in a mouse model.
Results
ANLN was highly expressed in melanoma samples and cells. Biofunctional assays confirmed that ANLN promoted the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of melanoma cells in vitro in nude mice. The dual-luciferase report revealed that the upstream target microRNA of ANLN, miR-200b-3p, negatively regulated ANLN expression and influenced the malignant progression of melanoma. Protein-protein interaction analysis suggested that ANLN might positively regulate CDK1 expression and impact the P53 signaling pathway, modulating melanoma proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Conclusion
ANLN is associated with the malignant progression of melanoma and regulates the melanoma cell cycle through the miR-200b-3p/ANLN/CDK1 axis. This interaction further influences the P53 signaling pathway, promoting melanoma development and progression.
Synthesis and Biological Studies of Cationic Organoiron Star-Shaped Dendrimers Attached with Ketoprofen and Mefenamic Acid at the Peripheries
Authors: Gauthier Marcus J. , Rasouli Rahimeh , Abd-El-Aziz Alaa S. , Ahmed Marya , Abdelghani Amani A.
Published: June 2023

The design of new star-shaped dendrimers with ketoprofen and mefenamic acid at the periphery was achieved using the divergent method. The use of cationic cyclopentadienyliron moieties coupled with the introduction of ketoprofen and mefenamic acid to the dendrimer allowed to produce dendrimeric materials that possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. The dendrimers' compositions were analyzed through FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, all synthesized dendrimers exhibited exceptional thermal stability within the 300 – 350oC range, with the cationic iron moieties breaking down at around 200oC. The surface morphology of the dendrimers was examined using Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) with no significant change between the three generations in the morphology. In addition, the electrochemical properties were also analyzed by Cyclic voltammetry (CV). The redox wave intensity and broadness showed changes as the dendrimer generation increased. These dendrimers were tested for their in vitro toxicities in mammalian cell lines, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities and displayed positive results.
WITHDRAWN: Associations of cognitive decline, peripheral inflammatory factors and hippocampal subregions volume in knee osteoarthritis - a longitudinal MRI study
Authors: Wang Yajun , Cai Guiyan , Li Ming , Chen Ruilin , Zeng Peiling , Zhao Baoru , Tao Jing , Liu Jiao
Published: June 2023

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients often suffer from cognitive decline. This study aims to investigate the relationship between cognitive decline, hippocampal subregions, and serum inflammatory cytokines levels in KOA. Their correlation and mediating effects were analyzed. Cognitive function declined at follow-up, and the decline was more pronounced in the AD8>1 group. The fimbria volume decreased in the AD8>1 group, while increased in the AD8≤1 group. The fimbria volume was correlated with cognitive performance in both group. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were negatively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment_Language (MoCA_Language) subscore change in the AD8≤1 group and Recombinant Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CNR2) levels were negatively correlated with the Wechsler Memory Scale – Chinese Revision_1-100 (WMS-CR_1-100) subscore change in the AD8>1 group. In addition, the serum Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) level was a protective factor against cognitive decline and the fimbria volume played a mediating role between pain, T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) /IFN-γ levels, and the WMS-CR_1-100 subscore. Our results suggested that the fimbria was an important mediator of cognitive decline in KOA, and CNR1, CNR2, and BDNF were strongly associated with cognitive decline while IFN-γ levels may be a protective factor against cognitive progression in KOA.
Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR-IOR-16009308
The Impact of Pillar Two Rules on China's Tax Incentive Policies
Authors: Li Ziyang
Published: June 2023

Considering the rapid aggravation of tax base erosion and profit shifting, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) provided specific guidelines regarding the design of key elements of Pillar Two rules in 2021, which means a new competition pattern of international tax among countries may be forming. This paper analysis the above taxation rules, especially focus on Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up tax rule and Substance-based Income Exclusion rule, and analysis the further path of domestic tax incentives in China.
A potential novel biomarker: Comprehensive analysis of prognostic value and immune implication of CES3 in colonic adenocarcinoma
Authors: He Lulu , Zhao Chenyi , Xu Jingjing , Li Wenjing , Lu Yujie , Gong Yang , Gu Dingyi , Wang Xiaoyan , Guo Feng
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Colon cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the intestine. Abnormal Carboxylesterases 3 (CES3）expression had been reported to be correlated to multiple tumor progression. However, the association among CES3 expression and prognostic value and immune effects in colonic adenocarcinoma (COAD) were unclear.
Patients and methods: The transcription profile of CES3 were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The CES3 protein expression and the prognostic value were verified based on tissue microarray data. The Cancer immune group Atlas (TCIA), Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithm and the GSE78220 immunotherapy cohort were used to forecast immunotherapy efficacy. Finally, a prognostic immune signature was constructed and verified.
Results: Compared with normal colon tissues, the expression of mRNA and protein levels of CES3 were downregulated in tumor tissues. CES3 expression was associated with TIICs. Hihg-CES3 COAD patients had better efficacy of concurrent immunotherapy. CES3-related immune genes (CRIs) were identified and were then used to construct prognostic immune signature and had been successfully verified in GES39582.
Conclusion: CES3 might be a potential immune-related gene and promising prognostic biomarker in COAD.
Simulation Method of Outdoor AGV Obstacle Crossing without 3D Model
Authors: yingbo Zhao , Xiu Shi-chao , Hong Yuan , Bu Xinyu
Published: June 2023

In this study, an outdoor Automated guided vehicle (AGV) with an absorbent vibration system was designed, and a 7-DOF model was established for this system. We built a simulation model in Simulink software that serves as the 7-DOF model. The three indicators for evaluating the stability of the AGV are simulated and analyzed in the simulation model when one side of the AGV crosses a sloping obstacle. A vibration absorptive property experiment of the AGV was performed, and the average maximum displacement of the AGV sprung mass was 13.42 mm. The maximum predicted amplitude of sprung mass in the Simulink simulation model is 12.8mm, and its prediction error is about 4.6%. The prediction accuracy of the Simulink model is higher than that of the Adams simulation method.According to the efficiency comparison experiment of the AGV obstacle crossing simulation method, the obstacle crossing simulation method based on Simulink designed in this paper saves about 28% of the working time of the designer compared with the traditional Adams simulation method, which provides a new idea for the simulation method of outdoor AGV obstacle crossing before the 3D model is established.
Factors affecting health and tourism students' perceptions of brain drain: A serial mediation model
Authors: GÖZÜM Sebahat , YURCU Gülseren , ILGAZ Ayşegül , AYBAR Dilek Hale
Published: June 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Therapeutic efficacy of Oral Carica papaya leaf juice extract in the supportive care of infectious thrombocytopenia in bleeding dogs.
Authors: G.R BARANIDHARAN , A.P NAMBI
Published: June 2023

Background: In rural India, oral Carica papaya leaf extract juice (CPLE) has been used to control bleeding and recover platelet counts in human patients with dengue fever, and few reports of successful outcomes have been published.
Hypothesis: CPLE juice oral dosing has thrombopietic properties that significantly increase platelet counts in thrombocytopenic dogs with bleeding tendencies.
Animals: Ninetythrombocytopenic dogs with ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, and/or leptospirosis referred to Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital were studied.
Methods:
During a one-year period, 90 thrombocytopenic dogs with ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, and/or leptospirosis with mild thrombocytopenia (platelets 50,000-100,000/µl) to severe thrombocytopenia (platelets less than 25,000µl) with bleeding were studied. ... In addition, coagulation profiles, buccal mucosal bleeding times, saline agglutination tests, spherocyte studies, direct Coombs’ (Direct Antiglobin) tests, Von Willebrand Factor assays, Platelet-associated antibody (PSAb) assays, bone marrow aspiration cytology, and DEA 1 typing were determined. Platelet-rich plasma or fresh whole blood wastransfused in casesof severe (platelets <20,000 cells/µl) thrombocytopenia and/or anemia, and all dogs received doxycycline and prednisone. CPLE was administered at 5 ml per 10 kg body weight for 3 weeks.
Results:
Dogs with Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis and Leptospirosis with clinical bleeding signs with mild thrombocytopenia (50,000 – 100,000 platelets/cmm) responded well to oral administration of Carica papaya leaf extract 5 ml per 10 kg b.wt + doxycycline @ 10 mg/kg b.wts.i.d orally + prednisolone @ 1 mg/kg b.wt once a day tapering dose orally for 3 weeks.
Clinical trials with Caricapapaya leaf extract confirmed an increase in the platelet counts from day two, and they were on a significantly increasing trend up to day seven, proving the thrombopoietic properties of CPLE juice in dogs.
Conclusion:
CPLE may be an inexpensive supplement to more rapidly control thrombocytopenia and bleeding in dogs with hemoprotozoan diseases along with specific therapies and transfusion.
STEP: A tool to perform tests of smoothness on differential distributions based on expansion of polynomials
Authors: Connor Patrick , Žlebčík Radek
Published: June 2023

We motivate and describe a method based on fits with polynomials to test the smoothness of differential distributions. As a demonstration, we apply the method to several measurements of inclusive jet double-differential cross section in the jet transverse momentum and rapidity at the Tevatron and LHC. This method opens new possibilities to test the quality of differential distributions used for the extraction of physics quantities such as the strong coupling.
The relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and financial performance: The case of listed industrial companies in Oman
Authors: Raboshuk Alina , Zakharov Dmytro , Lehenchuk Serhii , Morgulets Oksana , Hryhorevska Olena
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the financial performance of listed industrial companies in Oman. As the main research method, panel data regression analysis was used to analyze data from 36 Omani industrial companies, listed on the Muscat Stock Exchange for the period 2017–2021. Three regression models were developed using three dependent variables (Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Return on Sales), seven independent variables (Board Size, Independent and Non-executive Board Members, Board Meeting, Chief Executive Officer, Dummy variable for Board Change, Dummy variable for the Secretary on the Board, Dummy variable for Internal Auditor), and two control variables (Leverage, Size of the company). According to the research results, a negative influence of the Board Size and Dummy variable for the presence of the Secretary on the Board on the Return on Assets indicator at 10% and 5% significance level was found; moreover, there is a positive influence of Leverage and Size of the company at the 1% and 5% significance level on Return of Assets. Although, none of the independent variables used has a significant impact on the Return on Equity indicator. Return on Sales is significantly affected only by two control variables, i.e., a negative impact of Leverage at the 10% significance level and a positive impact of the Size of the company at the 10% significance level. The results obtained in the study indicate the imperfection of the corporate governance mechanisms implemented by Omani industrial companies in the field of ensuring financial efficiency.
Degradation of aniline: sodium alginate/modified pomelo cellulose double cross-linking system as a bacterial immobilization carrier
Authors: Fan Zheng , Fang Zhenzhen , Tao Peng , Jin Laiyun , Zhang Guoliang
Published: June 2023

Pectin cellulose grafted with glycidyltrimethylammoniochloride (GTMAC) was successfully obtained following the processes of depectinfibrillation and cellulose cationization using ordinary Shatian pomelo peel produced in Yongzhou, Hunan, as the raw material. This is the first report on a new type of functionalized sodium alginate-immobilized material prepared from the fibers of pomelo peel. The material was prepared by combining modified pomelo peel cellulose and sodium alginate following the processes of physical and chemical double cross-linking. The prepared material was used to embed the target bacteria to achieve the biodegradation of p-aniline. The concentration of CaCl2 was adjusted when the alginate gelled, and the alginate to yuzu peel cellulose ratio was tuned. The immobilized material-embedded bacteria help achieve the best degradation effect. Bacteria are embedded during the process of the degradation of aniline wastewater, and the functionalization of the cellulose/sodium alginate-immobilized material results in unique surface structure performance. The performance of the prepared system is better than that of the single sodium alginate-based material characterized by a large surface area and good mechanical properties. The degradation efficiency of the system is improved significantly for the cellulose materials, and the prepared materials can potentially find applications in the field of bacteria-fixed technology.
Corrigendum to: Neuroprotection by Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal
Stem Cells: From Billions to Nano
Authors: Venugopal Chaitra , K Shobha , Rai Kiranmai S. , Pinnelli Venkata Bharatkumar , Kutty Bindu M. , Dhanushkodi Anandh
Published: June 2023

In this correction, the Editor in Chief suggested revising the publication of Figures 3 and 8E in the article after the correction in
numeric value. Below is the corrected version of the figures [1]. The electronic version of the article can be found in "Neuroprotection
by Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Billions to Nano" in the journal Current Gene Therapy, 2018,
18(5), 307-323. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The original article can be found online at: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/93056
Outcomes and Factors Affecting Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tariq Rabeet , Kansal Bhavya , Shaikh Rameen , Datta Shria , Anadkat Harsh , Bista Seema
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. There have
been various proposed pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments proposed for preventing
cognitive decline in AD patients. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation
technique used to enhance cognitive functions and motor skills of the brain. Our study aimed to
assess the effects of tDCS in AD patients, including effects on general cognitive status, memory, attention,
executive functions, language, IQ, and neuropsychological effects, along with the factors influencing
the outcomes.

Methods:

Systematic searches were conducted for relevant evidence using PubMed, ScienceDirect,
and Cochrane Library databases for (Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation) and (Alzheimer’s). Duplicates
were removed, and the remaining articles were screened for double-blind, placebo-controlled,
randomized clinical trials (Phase III), case studies, and case series on patients diagnosed with AD using
tDCS. The articles were assessed for full text, and studies were selected and analyzed to include in
the review.

Results:

Overall, 20 studies were reviewed. Cognitive status, executive function and working
memory, recognition memory, and language function may improve following AtDCS depending on
the stimulation polarity and area stimulated. No significant effects of tDCS were seen on attention,
associative memory, recall memory, visuospatial ability, and neuropsychiatric symptoms

Discussion:

Therapy outcomes and the factors that could affect them were analyzed, which included
the number of sessions taken, current density, stimulation polarity (cathodal/anodal/dual), area stimulated,
training(s) given, and study timeline.

Conclusion:

tDCS is a well-tolerated therapy that can be used for improving several cognitive domains
in patients having Alzheimer’s disease. Its treatment outcomes are affected by polarity (cathodal/
anodal), site of stimulation, number of sessions taken, and any training(s) given during the study.
Investigating Factors Affecting Preterm Delivery from the Viewpoint of
Physicians and Midwives in Mashhad
Authors: Talebizadeh Seyedeh Zeinab , Salehi Fatemeh , Setoodefar Masood , Habibi Mohammad Reza Mazaheri
Published: June 2023

Background:

Premature delivery is a significant risk factor for mortality in both developed
and developing nations, causing long-term adverse effects on families in terms of physical, psychological,
and economic consequences.

Objective:

This research aimed to examine the elements influencing preterm delivery from the perspectives
of obstetrics, gynecology specialists, and midwives in Mashhad, Iran's metropolis.

Method:

This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used to collect data
from 30 medical professionals working in clinics, hospitals, and health facilities in Mashhad in 2020.
In this study, 30 medical professionals participated, including 10 obstetrics and gynecology specialists
with a mean age of 50±8.0, and 20 midwives with a mean age of 34±4 years. The survey found that
premature rupture of the amniotic sac (water sac) was the most frequent factor contributing to preterm
delivery, with a frequency of 96.7%. This was followed by uterine abnormality, preeclampsia, and
chorioamnionitis, each with a frequency of 93.3%. Other factors such as a history of preterm delivery
and multiple pregnancies were also found to impact preterm delivery, with a frequency of 90%. Additionally,
the study revealed that stress factors had the highest frequency in the high-impact spectrum,
with a frequency of 86.7%.

Results:

This study is a survey of caregiver’s opinions about preterm birth from one location. The
findings revealed that the main causes of preterm delivery were premature rupture of the amniotic sac,
uterine abnormalities, preeclampsia, and chorioamnionitis.

Conclusion:

Furthermore, background factors, such as stress factors and domestic violence in mothers
can affect this phenomenon. Overall, these findings highlight the critical role of clinical and lifestyle
factors in preterm delivery.
The Implication of Alu cDNA in the Pathogenesis of ARMD
Authors: Nouraeinejad Ali
Published: June 2023

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD or AMD) is a progressive, sight-threatening
disease. The pathogenesis of ARMD is complex, involving many factors, such as metabolic, functional,
genetic, and environmental factors. Recently, long interspersed nuclear element-1 (L1)–
mediated reverse transcription (RT) of Alu RNA into cytoplasmic Alu complementary DNA
(cDNA) has been associated with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) destruction. These findings
provide a strong input for a new direction in the management of ARMD, as certain human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) drugs, such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), were
found to suppress inflammation and protect cells of the retina.
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Catalyzed by Graphene Based Catalysts
Authors: Ameta Chetna , Chundawat Priyanka , Vyas Yogeshwari , Agarwal Reema , Dharmendra Dharmendra
Published: June 2023

Graphene has several features, such as charge mobility, high conductivity,
and a large specific surface area with a two-dimensional structure.It also has exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Graphene has exceptional mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, which are responsible for the development
of efficient graphene-based catalysts for selective organic synthesis. This chapter
recapitulates the various applications of graphene-based catalysts in oxidation and
reduction reactions. It gives a complete overview of graphene, reduced graphene
oxide, functionalized graphene oxide, N-doped graphene oxide, and their catalytic
applications in various oxidation and reduction reactions. The previous studies reveal
that metal-free GO has many catalytic applications. Owing to its high surface area,
graphene oxide has a high adsorption tendency for hydrocarbons, gases, and ions.When
reacting with oxygenating functionalities, GO provides several paths for introducing
and modifying various functional groups. The large potential is employed for the use of
metal-free carbon catalysts to resolve the industrial problems arising from traditional
catalysts. Since graphene/GO catalysts are synthesized from environmental-friendly
material, their applications in green synthesis should be discovered vigorously. The
graphene-based catalysts have several applications. They allow only selective, mild,
and highly effective transformations and undergo the synthesis and synthesis in an
easy, recyclable, regenerable, and environmentally friendly manner.
Nanomedicine in Nephrology and Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Zununi Vahed Sepideh , Ardalan Mohammadreza , Rahbar Saadat Yalda
Published: June 2023

Nanomedicine is an evolving trend in the biomedical field that can be used for the diagnosis, molecular targeting, imaging, and therapy of a wide range of diseases. The kidneys are essential organs that regulate blood pressure, filtrate blood and remove metabolic waste, produce hormones, and balance electrolytes. The kidney has gained great attention in nanomedicine due to its roles in the clearance of the nanodrugs and affecting the pharmacokinetics of these drugs. Nanoparticles can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and glomerular diseases. Different approved nanodurgs have been developed for the treatment of kidney diseases. In this chapter, we summarize the available nanodrugs for the treatment of kidney diseases and urinary tract infections.
Gastroenterological Aspects of Nanopharmacology
Authors: Heidari Reza , Mehdi Ommati Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Nanomaterials (NMs) are increasingly used in biomedical sciences. These
compounds play a crucial role in many aspects of biomedicine, including disease
diagnosis (e.g., biosensors), drug development, and implant technology. The unique
architecture, size, composition, surface properties, and shape of NMs make them ideal
for various purposes (e.g., drug delivery systems). A wide range of NMs such as
carbon nanotubes, silica compounds, metallic nanoparticles, nano-pattern surfaces,
liposomes, and nano-hydrogels are widely investigated for these purposes. On the other
hand, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the liver tissue are among the first organs
exposed to orally administered NMs. Hence, it is essential to investigate the impact of
nanoparticles on these organs. In the current chapter, the potential pharmacological
applications of NMs in GI and liver diseases are discussed. Then, the effects of nano-engineering on the pharmacokinetic parameters and the adverse effects of
nanomaterials in the GI tract and the liver are highlighted. The data provided in the
current chapter could help develop safe pharmaceuticals and prevent the adverse effects
of NMs in the GI and liver systems. 
Novel In vitro and In vivo Methods in Nano Toxicological Assessments
Authors: Vazifedust Maryam , Mandegary Ali
Published: June 2023

Nanotechnology structures are particles with a diameter of 1 to 100 nm in at
least one dimension. Nanoparticles are made from a variety of soluble and insoluble
materials. The nanotechnology market is expected to expand at a rate of around 17.5
percent per year between 2016 and 2022. New nanomaterials that have been thoroughly
characterized are becoming increasingly important in biomedical applications. There's
a lot of evidence that nanomaterials do not just communicate with cells passively; they
also interact with them actively. For the estimation of toxic endpoints, machine
learning (ML) methods and algorithms are commonly used. The ML tools in Nano
toxicology enable the combination of a number of knowledge sources containing
physicochemical properties and outcomes of in vivo and in vitro toxicity experiments.
The goal of this review was to highlight current achievements and point out new
methods of evaluation in the field of predicting Nano toxicology. 
Impact Of The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Changed World
Authors: Tandon Umang , Tandon Apoorva
Published: June 2023

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is predicted to have long-term
consequences on the world's physical, mental and economic levels. June 2020 Global
Economic Prospects describe the immediate and near-term impact of the pandemic,
additionally the long-term injury to growth prospects. The baseline forecast predicts a
5.2% contraction in world GDP, despite the efforts made by governments to combat the
downswing aided by business and financial support. Half the world's 3.3 billion
personnel are threatened by the loss of their jobs. Moreover, workers within the
informal economy are significantly vulnerable as a result of the lack of social
protection, access to quality health care and productive assets. Individuals are finding it
troublesome to survive through imprisonment as a result of a lack of resources to earn a
living. According to Moody, the economic impact of the recent increase in COVID-19
cases is going to be restricted from April to June quarter, with a robust rebound within
the last half of the year. The slower growth rate, on the other hand, can impede near-term economic recovery and have an impression on long-term growth dynamics. This
study is focused on determining the critical effects of a Coronavirus pandemic on the
global economy and anticipating the scenario that would confront the global economy
soon. This research examines the various elements of Coronavirus and its economic
implications.
Beliefs about ghosts among the Akan of Ghana
Authors: Adinkrah Mensah
Published: June 2023

As a thanatologist who specializes in mortuary beliefs and rites in Ghana, I frequently come across information on Akan cultural beliefs about ghosts, as well as individual or personal stories of ghost encounters. Yet, there has been virtually no academic inquiry into the topic. Between January and February 2015, I listened to four consecutive weekly radio programs focusing primarily on ghosts on a commercial radio station in Ghana. The programs were broadcast in Twi, the Akan lingua franca, which the author is fluent in. Following extensive discussions about Akan cultural beliefs regarding ghosts and other superhuman entities by the host and co-hosts of the program, listeners were invited to share their personal stories about ghost sightings and other encounters with ghosts. The current article presents a narrative of the discussion that occurred on the four featured programs. The data show that Akans of Ghana maintain a strong cultural belief in ghosts. Several listeners shared with the host and listeners their personal encounters with ghosts and ghost activities.