bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome, Report of One Case
Authors: Roa Cáceres Cristian
Published: September 2021

First described by Barlow and Dickson in 1978, the purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is an infrequent condition that even if it ́s benign, it seems to be alarmant. It consists on the purple coloring of the urine inside the colector bag, which is the result of a chemical reaction between the enzymes that produce phosphate and sulfates, the patient’s diet and the intestinal transit.
Adrenal Kortikal Karsinom’da Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Görüntüleme Bulguları
Authors: ALTINMAKAS Emre
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Adrenal kortikal karsinomun (AKK) Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT) görüntüleme özelliklerini araştırmak.

Gereç ve yöntem: Patolojik olarak AKK tanısı almış 15 hastanın (K/E: 8/7, ortanca [aralık]: 53 yıl [31-74 yıl]) kalitatif ve kantitatif BT bulguları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Lezyonların fonksiyonel durumlarına klinik notlardan ulaşıldı.

Bulgular: Hastaların patolojik tanısı cerrahi (n=12) veya cerrahi eşliğinde biyopsi (n=3) ile konulmuştu. 9 lezyon (%60) fonksiyonel, 6 lezyon (%40) non-fonksiyoneldi. Fonksiyonel lezyonların 5’i androjen, 4’ü kortizon üretmekteydi. Kalitatif değerlendirmede 13 lezyon (%93) nekroz, 3 lezyon (%20) kalsifikasyon ve 1 lezyon (%7) makroskobik yağ içeriyordu. Lezyonların tamamı iyi sınırlı olup heterojen kontrastlanmaktaydı. Lezyonların ortanca (aralık) boyutu 9,7 cm (6.3-18 cm) idi. Prekontrast, arteriyel faz, portal faz ve geç faz ortanca (aralık) dansite değerleri sırasıyla şöyleydi: 34 HU (22-41 HU), 46 HU (27-65 HU), 60 HU (29-90 HU), 48 HU (28-64 HU). 9 hastada 15. dakika geç faz elde olunmuştu. Ortanca (aralık) mutlak (MKYY) ve bağıl (BKYY) kontrast yıkanma yüzdeleri sırasıyla şöyleydi: %48,8 (%-3.8-62.5) ve %21 (%-1.5-30.8). Sadece bir lezyonun MKYY değeri %60’in üzerindeydi.

Sonuç: AKK’lar BT’de genellikle büyük (>6cm), iyi sınırlı, heterojen kontrastlanan, nekrotik kitleler şeklinde görülür. Makroskobik yağ ve kalsifikasyon içerebilir ve geç faz imajlarda sınırlı kontrast yıkanması gösterirler.
Çocukluk çağı disgerminom tedavi sonuçları
Authors: KARA Buket , AKBAŞ Hilal , ÇİFTÇİ İlhan , KÖKSAL Yavuz
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Over disgerminomu tanısı ile izlenen hastala­rın demografik ve klinik özellikleri ile tedavi yaklaşımlarını geriye dönük olarak incelemektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: XXXXXX Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Onkoloji Bilim Dalı’nda, 2006-2020 yılları arasında over disgerminom tanısı alan çocuk hastaların dosyaları geriye dönük olarak incelendi.

Sonuç: On disgerminom tanısı alan hasta çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Hastaların yaşları 8 ile 17 yıl arasında değişmekteydi (ortanca, 12,5 yıl). Dokuz hastada kitle tek taraflı iken (%90), bir hastada iki taraflıydı (%10). Tüm hastalarda, başvuru şikâyetleri karında şişlik ve karın ağrısı idi. Bir hastada over torsiyonu gelişmişti. Yedi hastada ameliyat öncesi alfa föto protein düzeyleri normal sınırlarda iken, hCG düzeyleri yedi hastanın tamamında yüksekti. Laktat dehidrojenaz enzim düzeyi beş hastada bakılmıştı ve hepsinde yüksekti. Beş hasta primer cerrahi uygulandı ve bu hastaların tamamı evre I’di ek tedavi verilmedi. Üç hastada, bilateral hastalık ya da yaygın hastalık nedeniyle neoadjuan tedavi olarak uygulandı. Hastaların izlem süreleri bir yıl ile 13 yıl arasında değişmekteydi (ortanca, 5,5 yıl). Hastaların genel yaşam oranı % 87,5 idi.

Yorum: Özellikle ergenlik çağına yakın kız hastalarda hızlı büyüyen karın içi kitlelerde disgerminom akla gelmeli ve tedavi planlaması buna göre yapılmalıdır.
Akut Tonsillit ve Peritonsiller Apseli Hastalarda Yeni Bir Prognostik Faktör; C-Reaktif Protein / Albumin Oranı
Authors: YÜKSEL Fatih , ÖZSÖZ Ekrem , AYDIN İsa , KAHRAMAN Mehmet Erkan
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Peritonsiller apse, tonsil dokusunun ciddi bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Tedavisinde genellikle semptomları hafifletmek için hem tıbbi hem de cerrahi yaklaşımlar gerekir. Son zamanlarda, klinik takibe ek olarak C-reaktif protein (CRP) ve albumin gibi bazı parametrelerin, ek enflamatuar izleme belirteçleri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı akut tonsillitli hastaların peritonsiller apseye dönüşümünü tahmin etmek için CRP / albumin oranının kullanılıp kullanılamayacağını araştırmaktır.

Hastalar ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Ocak 2003 ile Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında Konya Şehir Hastanesi Kulak Burun Boğaz Kliniği’nde yatış yapılarak takip edilen 138 akut tonsillitli ve 106 peritonsiller apseli hastanın retrospektif olarak CRP/albumin oranları değerlendirilerek gerçekleştirildi. Aynı zamanda lökosit, nötrofil ve lenfosit sayıları ile CRP, albümin ve nötrofil / lenfosit (NLO) oranı değerleri de retrospektif olarak analiz edildi ve hasta grupları arasında karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: CRP / albumin oranı düzeyleri peritonsiller apse grubunda, akut tonsillit grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p<0.05). Peritonsiller apse ile akut tonsillit grubu arasında NLO düzeylerinde anlamlı bir fark yoktu (p>0.05). Peritonsiller apse grubunda albümin oranı anlamlı olarak düşük bulunurken (p<0.05). lenfosit sayısı anlamlı oranda yüksek bulundu. (p<0.05). Beyaz küre sayısı, nötrofil sayısı, C-reaktif protein değerlerinde gruplar arasında anlamlı olarak fark yoktu (p>0.05).

Sonuç: CRP / albümin oranının, akut tonsillitli hastalarda peritonsiler apse dönüşümünü tahmin etmek için kullanılabilecek ölçülmesi kolay, tekrarlanabilir, invaziv olmayan ve inflamasyona dayalı prognostik bir skor olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Covid-19 Pandemi Dönemindeki Acil Servis Başvurularında Ürolojik Hastalıkların Sıklığı ve Aciliyet Durumuna Göre Dağılımı
Authors: CEYHAN Erman , UÇAR KARABULUT Keziban
Published: September 2021

Amaç

Çalışmamızda pandemi dönemi ve öncesinde, ürolojik şikayetlerle acil servise başvuran hastaların sıklığı ve aciliyet durumuna göre dağılımları incelenmiştir.

Gereç ve Yöntem

Çalışmamıza ülkemizde COVID-19 pandemisinin başladığı ve sıkı kısıtlamaların uygulandığı 11 Mart 2020–1 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında acil servise ürolojik şikayetlerle başvuran erişkin hastalar (n=217) ve 2019 yılındaki aynı tarih aralığında acil servise başvuran hastalar (n=249) dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik verileri, başvuru tanıları, aynı şikayetler ile acil ve üroloji polikliniklerine başvuru sıklıkları, tedavileri ve triyaj kategorileri değerlendirildi.

Bulgular

Hastaların tanılarına göre dağılımları; %60,1(n=280) idrar yolu enfeksiyonu, %20(n=93) renal kolik, %13,9(n=65) üriner sistem taş hastalığı, %4,1(n=19) idrar retansiyonu, %1,1(n=5) hematüri, %0,6(n=3) orşit, %0,2(n=1) skrotal yaralanma olarak bulundu. 71(%15,2) hasta acil servis başvurusu sonrasında üroloji polikliniğine başvurdu. 24(%5,2) hastanın acil servise tekrarlayan başvurusu oldu. Hastaların aciliyet durumlarına göre dağılımlarında 2019(sarı alan n=193, yeşil alan n=56) ve pandemi dönemi(sarı alan n=156, yeşil alan n=61) arasında anlamlı fark izlenmedi(p=0,163). Acile başvuran hastalar arasında yıllara göre yaş(p=0,348) ve cinsiyet(p=0,120) açısından fark bulunmadı. Üroloji polikliniğine ve acil servise yapılan tekrarlayan başvurularda 2019 yılı ile pandemi dönemi arasında anlamlı fark izlenmedi(p=0,604 ve p=0,234). Üroloji polikliniğine başvurular 2019 ve 2020’de benzer oranda gözlendi(p=0,809). Hastaların tanılarına göre dağılımları 2019 yılı ve 2020 yılı için farklılık göstermedi(p=0,386). Hastaların yıllara göre tedavi ihtiyaçlarındaki dağılımlar incelendiğinde, 2019 yılıyla 2020 yılı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı (p=1,000).

Sonuç

Acil servise ürolojik şikayetlerle başvuran hastaların büyük çoğunluğunu idrar yolu enfeksiyonu geçiren hastalar ve taş hastaları oluşturmaktadır. COVID-19 pandemisi gibi riskli ve yoğun kısıtlamaların olduğu bir dönemde bile hastaların ürolojik hastalıkları sebebiyle acil servise başvurma oranları değişmemiştir.
Trends in the seeking of emergency service for ischemic stroke and its risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic, a study from Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Yi Te , Jeng Yachung , Chen Hsiu-Hsi , Chang Kai-Chieh
Published: September 2021

Background & Objectives: COVID-19 may influence the health seeking behavior of acute ischemic stroke patients. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the patients who visited the emergency room in a centre designated for stroke care in Taiwan.
Methods: This was a retrospective database-based study comparing the severity of ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and risk factors of patients seen between 2019 and 2020 in the National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch. Patients with or without thrombolysis therapy were analysed.
Results: The median NIHSS of ischemic stroke patients were lower in 2019 than in 2020 (p = 0.015). The difference was seen in non-thrombolysis patients (2019: 3[1-6] vs. 4 [2-7.5], p = 0.012) but not in thrombolysis patients. The frequency of minor stroke was higher in 2019 (45.1%) than in 2020 (37.9%, p = 0.038). The discharge mRS was lower overall (p = 0.004) and in non-thrombolysis patients (0.003), but not in thrombolysis patients in 2019. As for the ICH patients, the severity of ICH score (p = 0.021) and discharge mRS (p = 0.001) were also lower in 2019. The frequencies of risk factors of stroke were higher in 2019 than in 2020, including smoking (24% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.046), alcohol (11.9% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.039), hypertension (72.9% vs. 66.2%, p = 0.039), history of stroke (16.5% vs. 11.6%, p = 0.047), and atrial fibrillation (11.9% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.039).
Conclusions: This study in Taiwan revealed a decline in the willingness to seek emergency services under the influence of COVID-19 among patients with lower stroke severity, especially those with more risk factors.
Evaluation of 40 hemifacial spasm patients with MR angiography of the brain and vertebral artery dominance in the etiology of hemifacial spasm
Authors: Tugan Yildiz Buket , Tuncel Berktas Deniz , Yurttutan Nursel , Erdogan Aysegül
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Hemifacial spasm is characterised by involuntary, rhythmic, tonic or clonic contractions originating from the facial nerve and occurring intermittently in unilateral facial muscles. The most commonly reported cause of hemifacial spasm is the compression of the facial nerve at its root exit/ entry zone by an ectatic or aberrant blood vessel, leading to local demyelination. In this study, we compared magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) findings from patients with hemifacial spasm and controls to determine whether vertebral artery dominance is part of the aetiology of this condition.
Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted with data from 40 patients with hemifacial spasm who received botulinum toxin injections and for whom MRA findings were accessible, and 42 patients of similar age and sex who presented with symptoms of nonspecific headache in the outpatient neurology clinic. Magnetic resonance imaging and unenhanced time-of-flight MRA examinations from the study and control groups were evaluated.
Results: A dominant vertebral artery was present in 52.2% of patients in the hemifacial spasm group and 33.3% of those in the control group, but this difference was not significant (p = 0.079).
Conclusions: The lack of significant results supporting our hypothesis may be attributable to the small study population. Further studies with larger groups are warranted.
Comparison of patients with acute ischemic stroke with and without COVID-19
Authors: Yilmaz Okuyan Dilek , Karacan Gölen Meltem
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Information on the incidence of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), which is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, its association with COVID-19, and its course in infected patients in this pandemic period is limited. In this study, it was aimed to compare the demographic, clinical and stroke characteristics, and the laboratory, prognosis and mortality findings of patients with AIS with and without COVID-19.
Methods: This study included 43 patients with a positive nasopharyngeal PCR test who were followed up for AIS, and 70 patients without COVID-19 who were followed up for AIS during the same period from the Konya Numune State Hospital, Turkey.
Results: Poor prognosis and mortality were found to be significantly higher in the AIS group with COVID-19 compared with the non-COVID-19 AIS group. In the AIS group with COVID-19, a higher rate of intensive care unit (ICU) need (40% vs. 5%), higher intubation rate (35% vs. 3%) and longer hospital stay (12.9 ± 10.8 vs. 6.6 ± 4.0 days) were observed. In the laboratory examinations, C-reactive protein, ferritin, D-dimer, troponin, and lactate dehydrogenase levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with AIS who were positive for COVID-19. An increase in D-dimer, ferritin and thrombocytopenia were found to be associated with mortality in the COVID-19 positive AIS group.
Conclusion: Patients with AIS and COVID-19 had a higher rate of ICU need, higher intubation rate, longer hospital stay, higher mortality, and poorer prognosis than those without COVID-19. High levels of ferritin, D-dimer and fibrin degradation products were associated with a poor prognosis.
task-based fMRI study on neural activity of internet gaming addiction among Malaysian adolescents: A stroop color task
Authors: Abdull Nasser Nur Munirah , Mohamad Mazlyfarina , Chan Lai Fong , Suppiah Subapriya , Yusoff Ahmad Nazlim , Abd Hamid Aini Ismafairus , Wan Ismail Wan Salwina , Sim Su Tein
Published: September 2021

Background: Gaming can be very entertaining and through it, gamers are able to develop skills. However, it also may result in one’s getting too obsessed with video games regardless of any circumstances. Unnoticed, it may develop an Internet gaming disorder (IGD). This study aimed to investigate the neural activation involved in cognitive flexibility using fMRI that being triggered by the Stroop color task among Malaysian youngsters and its correlation with designated psychological disorders.
Methods: A total of 37 participants (IGD = 19, Control = 18) were recruited to partake in this study. The division of participants according to the cut-off point of IAT and IGDS9-SF. Data were analyzed using MATLAB 8.5 (R2015a) and Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 (SPM 12) to evaluate brain activation.
Results: This study found that IGD groups experience hyperactivation in the occipital and parietal lobes especially in the inferior occipital gyrus IOG and inferior parietal gyrus (IPG) but a hypoactivation on the frontal lobe. There a significant mean difference for the right IOG and left supplementary motor area (SMA) between the IGD and control groups at p <0.025 after, Bonferroni correction. A significant correlation was found (p < 0.006; Bonferroni correction) between cerebellum 45 right and stress behavior, r = 0.65.
Conclusion: These results indicated that individuals with IGD tend to have the rampant yet favorable ability in attention and recognition regulation but deterioration in reward processing. These findings provide a deeper understanding in developing appropriate guidelines and interventions to treat the Internet gaming addicts community, especially in the Malaysian population.
Studies in Canarium urceus (Linné, 1758) Part 2: Strombus anatellus Duclos, 1844, Strombus crassilabrum Anton, 1839, Strombus incisus Wood, 1828 and Strombus ustulatus form laevis Dodge, 1946 (Neostromboidae: Strombidae)
Authors: Maxwell Stephen , Rymer Tasmin , Congdon Bradley , Dekkers Aart
Published: September 2021

Many valid species can hide buried within prior taxonomic revisions. These need to be examined before the taxonomist embarks on the challenging task of naming new taxa. In this study we re-examine the synonyms complied by Abbott (1960) under Canarium urceus (Linné, 1758), examining each taxon for morphological clarity and distinctiveness. After considering the written descriptions and type material in light of prior revisions, we suggest that there are three valid species buried within the C. urceus synonymy of Abbott. All three species can be differentiated from C. urceus in general form, being less equi-triangulate and lacking the strong shoulder knobbing of that species. In addition, all three species are distinguishable by their distinctive aperture colouration. Canarium urceus possesses a typically black aperture, Canarium anatellum (Duclos, 1844) can be differentiated by its typically uniformly red/orange aperture, while Canarium incisum (Wood, 1828)is recognisable by the typically orange columella and outer lip, and a more triangular form. Strombus ustulatus form laevis Dodge, 1946 is the classical well-known form from the Philippines and elsewhere that is recognisable by its white columella. As the name laevis was preoccupied, we have renamed the species Canarium esculentum nomen novem. We assessed Strombus crassilabrum Anton, 1839 to be a nomen dubium. Further, our revision provides an improved hypothetical framework for the evolution and radiation of this most adaptable and variable of organisms, through increased clarity, and the re-circumscription of hitherto described taxa with distinctive morphotypes and separate biogeographical ranges.
Studies in Canarium urceus (Linnaeus, 1758) Part 3: new species from the western Pacific (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae: Strombidae)
Authors: Dekkers Aart , Maxwell Stephen
Published: September 2021

This study introduces four new species within the Canarium urceus complex. Canarium daveyi nov. sp. and the sympatric C. geelvinkbaaiensis nov. sp. from the region surrounding Geelvink Bay in north-eastern Indonesia, C. youngorum nov. sp. from the island of north-eastern Papua New Guinea, and finally Canarium manintveldi nov. sp from the southern South Pacific centred on Fiji and Vanuatu. These new species differ from, and are described based on, the morphology and geographical distribution from known species belonging to the C. urceus complex. This study comprises part three in a series examining the broader C. urceus complex.
Remarks on Amphidromus reflexilabris Schepman, 1892, Amphidromus roseolabiatus Fulton, 1896, Amphidromus anhduongae Thach, 2020 and correction of errors in “New Shells of South Asia, Volume 2
Authors: Thach Nguyen
Published: September 2021

The species Amphidromus reflexilabris Schepman, 1892, Amphidromus roseolabiatus Fulton, 1896 and Amphidromus anhduongae Thach, 2020 have been misidentified in many websites on the Internet. The diagnostic characters of these land snails are elaborated in this article for accurate identification. In addition, typographical errors in “New Shells of South Asia, Volume 2” are identified and corrected.
UNUTULMAZ TURİZM DENEYİMİNİN PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞA ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KARACA Şükran , TAĞRAF Tülay
Published: September 2021

Turizm, insanlara farklı deneyimler sağlayan bir faaliyettir. Bir turizm deneyimi, bireyin deneyimine ilişkin değerlendirmeleri olumlu olarak ilişkilendirdiğinde ve duygusal olarak hatırladığında unutulmaz hale gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, unutulmaz turizm deneyiminin psikolojik iyi oluşa etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma kapsamında 491 kişiden çevrimiçi anket tekniği ile veriler elde edilmiştir. Verilere AMOS programı ile Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Yol Analizi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda ölçeğin uyum ve yakınsak geçerliliğini sağladığı ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yol analizi sonucunda unutulmaz turizm deneyimi boyutlarından yenilik, bilgi, anlamlılık, katılım ve ferahlık deneyiminin ise il psikolojik iyi oluş üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu hedonizm ve yerel kültür boyutlarının ise anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Glove Industry Spikes during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Comfort Gloves Berhad (CGB)
Authors: Kim Man Mandy Mok
Published: September 2021

The glove industry in Malaysia continues to grow with the strong demand from the domestic and international markets. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the worldwide demand for gloves surges to a higher level due to huge demand for the medical and healthcare usage. This creates opportunities for gloves manufacturers to increase their production lines and produce more gloves to fulfil the markets’ demand. The paper studies the glove industry in Malaysia and applies a case study of Comfort Gloves Berhad, which is a glove manufacturer in Malaysia to look in depth the opportunities and threats faced by glove manufacturers during the Covid-19 pandemic. The authors studied the published resources to collect information and further analysed the data and information collected. This paper discusses the SWOT analysis and Porter Five Forces in influencing the markets. The recommendations and conclusion are provided at the end of the paper.
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Ability on Innovation Performance of Chinese New Company: Based on the Mediating Role of Business Model
Authors: Wang Xiong , Photchanachan Sarana
Published: September 2021

At present, researches on business models generally focus on the deduction of theoretical models and case studies, and there are relatively few related quantitative studies. From the perspective of business model, this paper empirically studies the relationship between business model, entrepreneurial ability and innovation performance, taking newly established companies in Shanghai as the research object. The results show that Entrepreneurial Ability positively correlated with innovative business model and efficient business model. The innovative business model and efficiency business model is positively correlated with innovation performance. Business model is the intermediate mechanism of transforming entrepreneurial ability into innovative firm performance, and the design of business model is helpful to improve the survival rate and profitability of entrepreneurial firms.
ER Stress Response Failure and Steatohepatitis Comorbid with Diabetes
Authors: Sasako Takayoshi , Ueki Kohjiro
Published: September 2021

Dynamic metabolic changes occur in the liver during the transition between fasting and eating, which is mainly mediated by insulin, a hormone to promote anabolism and suppress catabolism. In obesity and diabetes, insulin resistance is induced via various mechanisms, and among them is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We recently reported that eating induces transient ER stress and consequent ER stress response in the liver. During eating, expression of Sdf2l1, an ER-resident molecule involved in ER stress-associated degradation, is induced as a part of ER stress response. XBP-1s regulates expression of Sdf2l1 at the transcription level, and Sdf2l1 terminates eating-induced ER stress in the liver, consequently regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. In obesity and diabetes, however, ER stress response is impaired, partly because insulin-mediated translocation of XBP-1s to the nucleus is suppressed, which results in further excessive ER stress. Induction of Sdf2l1 by XBP-1s is highly down-regulated, but restoration of Sdf2l1 ameliorates glucose intolerance and fatty liver. In diabetic patients, hepatic insulin resistance induces enhanced ER stress and ER stress response failure in the liver, which in turn promote hepatic fibrosis and contribute to the development of steatohepatitis comorbid with diabetes.
How to Support Student Academic Success
Authors: Dattathreya Priyadarshini
Published: September 2021

21st-century medical education is focused on healthcare equity by creating opportunities for students who are from underrepresented minority groups and non-traditional backgrounds to pursue medicine. Institutions that have spearheaded this movement have found a wide variation in the baseline knowledge, skills, and attitudes of their incoming medical students. Ensuring that these students meaningfully transition into and progress through medical school without negatively impacting their performance or wellness is a challenge that needs to be strategically addressed. This chapter will outline the challenges associated with the transition of matriculating medical students, the importance of a curriculum that promotes equity, the role of a developmental learning environment in supporting student academic success, and guidelines to use coaching to enhance student engagement.
Surgical Outpatient Care: Triage, Time and Test
Authors: K. Tiwary Satyendra
Published: September 2021

Day care surgery is the standard of care for minor surgical procedures in developed countries and rapidly increasing in practice in developing countries. The main advantages of day care surgery are cost containment, early mobilization of the patient, less pain because of minimally invasive surgical techniques, early return of patient to their home and work. The downsides of day care surgery include the inability to treat all patients and perform all surgical procedures since surgical fitness for day care procedures is demanding, unforeseen readmission, the need for more operating rooms, and increasing expertise among health care workers. Considering day care surgery as systematic, scheduled and short duration stay in hospital, it is very important to select or sort out the cases which fit in the criteria according to all conventional definitions of triage. It is well organized within stipulated time frame and performed in fixed unit with proper assessment by anesthesia and nursing team in addition to core assessment of surgical team. Surgical option exercised and close follow up with ability to manage complications are integral components in working team. Delivery of more surgery in primary care has potential for enhancing patient-centred management by promoting the development of multi-specialty community providers and reducing length of hospital stay. The outpatient surgical centers provide many benefits and advantages for surgical patients with proper organizations, dedicated services, and meticulous procedures.
Nanoporous Metallic Films
Authors: Swastic  , Nambi Krishnan Jegatha
Published: September 2021

Nanoporous metallic films are known to have high surface to volume ratio due to the presence of pores. The presence of pores and ligaments make them suitable for various critical applications like sensing, catalysis, electrodes for energy applications etc. Additionally, they also combine properties of metals like good electrical and thermal conductivity and ductility. They can be fabricated using top-down or bottom-up approaches also known as dealloying and templating which give the fabricator room to tailor properties according to need. In addition, they could find potential applications in many relevant fields in current scenario like drug delivery vehicles. However, there is a long way to go to extract its whole potential.
Language as the Working Model of Human Mind
Authors: Dube Amitabh , Kumar Umesh , Gupta Kapil , Gupta Jitendra , Patel Bhoopendra , Kumar Singhal Sanjay , Yadav Kavita , Jetaji Lubaina , Dube Shubha
Published: September 2021

The Human Mind, functional aspect of Human Brain, has been envisaged to be working on the tenets of Chaos, a seeming order within a disorder, the premise of Universe. The armamentarium of Human Mind makes use of distributed neuronal networks sub-serving Sensorial Mechanisms, Mirror Neurone System (MNS) and Motor Mechanisms etching a stochastic trajectory on the virtual phase-space of Human Mind, obeying the ethos of Chaos. The informational sensorial mechanisms recruit attentional mechanisms channelising through the window of chaotic neural dynamics onto MNS that providing algorithmic image information flow along virtual phase- space coordinates concluding onto motor mechanisms that generates and mirrors a stimulus- specific and stimulus-adequate response. The singularity of self-iterating fractal architectonics of Event-Related Synchrony (ERS), a Power Spectral Density (PSD) precept of electroencephalographic (EEG) time-series denotes preferential and categorical inhibition gateway and an Event-Related Desynchrony (ERD) represents event related and locked gateway to stimulatory/excitatory neuronal architectonics leading to stimulus-locked and adequate neural response. The contextual inference in relation to stochastic phase-space trajectory of self- iterating fractal of Off-Center α ERS (Central)-On-Surround α ERD-On Surround θ ERS document efficient neural dynamics of working memory., across patterned modulation and flow of the neurally coded information.
Grass-Legume Seeding: A Sustainable Approach Towards Reclamation of Coalmine Degraded Lands in India
Authors: Kumari Sneha , Kumar Maiti Subodh
Published: September 2021

Most of the ecosystem services undergo significant degradation during coal mining activities with negative impacts on ecology, biodiversity and local people’s livelihoods. The cumulative effect of such large scale environmental changes is reflected in rising pollution load, earth’s temperatures and deforestation. There is no eloquence to it that coal is and will continue to be the primary fossil fuel in global energy production, there is a need to embrace sustainability as a key aspect throughout all phases of mining. The cheapest, easiest and eco-friendly approach to accelerate the trajectory of ecological restoration towards a reference state is the introduction of versatile and pioneering plant life forms like grasses and legumes. These species works on basic scientific principles based on ecological theories and incorporating them in post-mined landscapes provides multitudinous environmental benefits coupled with economic and social development. Keeping this in mind the chapter aims to emphasize the importance of grass-legume seeding during ecological restoration of mine degraded lands concerned with the concepts of sustainability.
Breastfeeding and the Influence of the Breast Milk Microbiota on Infant Health
Authors: Chegdani Fatima , Nouadi Badreddine , Bennis Faiza
Published: September 2021

Nutrition is an essential condition for physical, mental, and psycho-emotional growth for both children and adults. It is a major determinant of health and a key factor for the development of a country. Breastfeeding is a natural biological process, essential for the development of the life of the newborn at least during the first six months by ensuring a nutritional contribution adapted to the needs of the latter. Thus, breast milk is the physiological and natural food best suited to the nutrition of the newborn. It contains several various components, which are biologically optimized for the infant. Cells are not a negligible component of breast milk. Breast milk is also a continuous source of commensal and beneficial bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. It plays an important role in the initiation, development, and composition of the newborn’s gut microbiota, thanks to its pre-and probiotic components. Current knowledge highlights the interdependent links between the components of breast milk, the ontogeny of intestinal functions, the development of the mucus intestinal immune system, colonization by the intestinal microbiota, and protection against pathogens. The quality of these interactions influences the health of the newborn in the short and long term.
Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Patients: Facts and Figures
Authors: Shaikh Nissar , Quyyum Narges , Chanda Arshad , Zubair Muhammad , Shaheen Muhsen , Idayatulla Shajahan , Aboobacker Sumayya , Hassan Jazib , Nawaz Shoaib , Kumar Ashish , Nainthramveetil M.M. , Shahid Zubair , Rasheed Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 infection affects many systems in the body including the coagulation mechanisms. Imbalance between pro-coagulant and anticoagulant activities causes a roughly nine times higher risk for pulmonary embolism (PE) in COVID-19 patients. The reported incidence of PE in COVID-19 patients ranges from 3 to 26%. There is an increased risk of PE in hospitalized patients with lower mobility and patients requiring intensive care therapy. Obesity, atrial fibrillation, raised pro-inflammatory markers, and convalescent plasma therapy increases the risk of PE in COVID-19 patients. Endothelial injury in COVID-19 patients causes loss of vasodilatory, anti-adhesion and fibrinolytic properties. Viral penetration and load leads to the release of cytokines and von Willebrand factor, which induces thrombosis in small and medium vessels. D-dimers elevation gives strong suspicion of PE in COVID-19 patients, and normal D-dimer levels effectively rule it out. Point of care echocardiogram may show right heart dilatation, thrombus in heart or pulmonary arteries. DVT increases the risk of developing PE. The gold standard test for the diagnosis of PE is CTPA (computerized tomographic pulmonary angiography) which also gives alternative diagnosis in the absence of PE. Therapeutic anticoagulation is the corner stone in the management of PE and commonly used anticoagulants are LMWH (low molecular weight heparin) and UFH (unfractionated heparin). Mortality in COVID-19 patients with PE is up to 43% compared to COVID patients without PE being around 3%.
Wireless Power Transfer
Authors: Sokol Kuka Colin
Published: September 2021

In the recent years, the wireless power transfer technique has attracted a lot of attention in research. As a result, it is becoming an increasingly popular technology in consumer electronic devices and electric vehicles. However, there are other methods in which energy could be transmitted, and they could be further classified according to their working ranges, namely the near-field and the far-field transmission. In this chapter, an overview on the principles of different types of wireless power transmission is described. Then, the investigation of the receiver block is discussed through studying the features of rectifier technologies. Later, the book continues to describe the Rectenna system (rectifying antenna) adopted to the Internet of Things (IoT) wireless charge in remote locations.
The Burden of Antidevelopment in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Hassan Gabriel Tumba ,   Villanova University
Published: September 2021

Despite the universal similarities of antidevelopment problems, the problems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are unique, intense, and multifaceted. They oscillate from incompetent and corrupt government plagued with violent conflict, to the lack of provision for social needs, to ethno-religious bigotry, and result in the lack of conditions and expanded opportunities for people to pursue their well-being. Though these problems have links to the colonial era, I argue, using qualitative and historical approach methods, that the bulk of them are with postcolonial and contemporary state actors; here the search for solutions must begin. I proposed a target-approach strategy that blends Amartya Sen’s capability approach and Catholic social teaching to facilitate an integral human development in SSA.
Catholic Social Teaching and Human Trafficking in War and Natural Disasters
Authors: Evans Joe ,   Villanova University
Published: September 2021

This essay examines Catholic social teaching in the context of human trafficking in South Asia during armed conflict and natural disasters. Using a see-judge-act framework to construct the argument, this paper is focused on finding ways to narrow the gaps in these efforts. The gaps occur horizontally when individual issues become isolated from a larger effort, failing to recognize that many challenges are symptoms of a larger problem. The gaps also occur vertically, with the divide between theory and practice. The Church, including religious and lay actors, can diminish the threat and damage from human trafficking through a comprehensive implementation of Catholic social teaching that has a theological foundation and is conscious of the relevant cultural factors.
Against Schmought
Authors: Vermaire Matthew ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: September 2021

Matti Eklund has argued that a new problem in metanormative theory arises when we consider the possibility of "normative counterparts"—normative concepts with the same normative roles as OUGHT and RIGHT (for instance), but with different extensions. I distinguish two versions of the problem, and propose a solution: when we attend to the attitudinal commitments involved in the possession and application of some normative concepts, we find that tolerance for the possibility of normative counterparts is rationally ruled out.
The Defective Character Solution to the Non-identity Problem
Authors: Bramble Ben ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: September 2021

The non-identity problem is that some actions seem morally wrong even though, by affecting future people’s identities, they are worse for nobody. In this paper, I further develop and defend a lesser-known solution to the problem, one according to which when such actions are wrong, it is not because of what they do or produce, but rather just because of why they were performed. In particular, I argue that the actions in non-identity cases are wrong just when and because they result from, or reflect in those who have performed them, a morally dubious character trait.
Morphology and Taxonomy of Isopoda Anthuroidea (Crustacea) from Sulawesi with description of six new species
Authors: Annisaqois Manikmayang , Wägele J. Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

This is a first inventory of Isopoda Anthuroidea from near-shore marine sites in Sulawesi. The material was collected from reefs, sea-grass beds and mangroves of the Minahasa Peninsula in North Sulawesi. Specimens were washed out from benthos samples collected in shallow water. The new species Hyssura reptans sp. nov., Kupellonura indonesica sp. nov., Kupellonura macaroni sp. nov., Pendanthura bangkaensis sp. nov., Expanathura marcoi sp. nov., and Colanthura gerungi sp. nov. are described. We discovered that in Colanthura the mandible is fused to the cephalothorax, a unique feature among isopods. Expanathura collaris (Kensley, 1979) is described from Bangka Island and several differences between other Indo-Pacific populations are discussed.
Didáctica del podcast en el programa PMAR. Una experiencia de aula en la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: González Conde María Julia , Prieto González Hugo , Baptista Gil Francisco
Published: September 2021

Este artículo desarrolla un análisis de tipo experimental, transversal y descriptivo en el que se plantea la ‘didáctica del podcast’. Cuenta con una estructura monográfica de acuerdo con la contextualización, diagnóstico y justificación de un proyecto educativo, como una posible solución práctica a un problema real en alumnos de 2º de Secundaria, acogidos a PMAR (Programa de Mejora del Aprendizaje y del Rendimiento) y matriculados en un Instituto de Educación Secundaria de la Comunidad de Madrid (España). Un programa oficial que se concibe como una medida de atención a la diversidad, con una metodología y programación académica específica. Para ello, se optó por una investigación cualitativa, de acción participativa y dialógica, que tiene como base las perspectivas y acciones de los participantes a través del sistema podcasting. Esto ayudó a comprender y profundizar en el fenómeno específico de este estudio, cuyo fin es presentar un análisis de resultados y una serie de conclusiones. Se emprendió para ello un proceso práctico desarrollado con estos estudiantes, en el ámbito sociolingüístico, que nos permita determinar sus avances cognitivos y emocionales, y en qué medida los docentes utilizamos materiales didácticos innovadores, como estrategia lúdica, adecuada, en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Addressing social polarization through critical thinking: Theoretical application in the “Living Well With Difference” course in secondary schools in England
Authors: Savage Sara , Oliver Emily , Gordon Ellen , Tutton Lucy
Published: September 2021

Responding to international calls for critical thinking programs to address social polarisations and extremism through education, this article examines the cognitive and socio-psychological foundations of a critical thinking programme for secondary schools in England called “Living Well With Difference” (LWWD). The aim of LWWD is to develop critical thinking about issues of social polarisation, prejudice and any kind of extreme thinking. These issues often involve the interaction of emotion and thinking, which is understood using a dual systems framework, illustrated with examples of course methodology and content. The learning process aims to promote more cognitively flexible, complex and integrated thinking, measured by integrative complexity, and is supported by meta-awareness to enable emotion management. The aim is for participants to engage with difficult social issues through structured group activities, while becoming aware of social, emotional, textual, visual and rhetorical influences to increase Media Information Literacy, as a foundation for engaging with differing perspectives in order to reduce barriers between groups in society.
Esophageal Obstruction in Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Resulting from the Ingestion of Potato Tubers
Authors: Shokry Mohamed , Elkasapy Abdelhaleem
Published: September 2021

Total 32 emergency cases of buffaloes with esophageal obstruction resulting from the ingestion of potato tubers during their grazing are described. Treatment comprised immediate rumen trocarisation by a 14g syringe, premedication with IM xylazine (0.05 mg/kg), and passing a designed stout flexible tube to dislodge the obstruction to the rumen. The results were 100% successful recovery without any complications.
Dinâmica populacional de Protium Pallidum Cuatrec. em uma Floresta de Terra-Firme explorada seletivamente no estado do Pará, Brasil
Authors: Costa Stone César Cavalcante da , Jardim Fernando Cristóvam da Silva , Carneiro Francimary da Silva , Amorim Marcio Braga , Pinheiro Klewton Adriano Oliveira
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a influência das direções e das distâncias do centro das clareiras sobre o comportamento do ingresso, mortalidade e crescimento diamétrico de indivíduos com DAP > 5cm de uma população de Breu Branco (Protium pallidum Cuatrec.), e determinar a distribuição diamétrica dessa espécie durante três anos de monitoramento em uma floresta primária após exploração seletiva. Foram implantadas cinco parcelas de 10m x 10m em cada faixa, onde foram avaliadas as variáveis: Ingresso (I%), Mortalidade (M%) e o Incremento Corrente Anual (ICA) em diâmetro. Os dados foram analisados através da análise de variância de três fatores. A espécie teve um índice de ingresso inicial de 16.6%, com mortalidade nula no 1º ano, apresentando os maiores valores de crescimento diamétrico nas direções Norte e Sul, mostrando tendência à estabilização e distribuição diamétrica normalmente encontradas em florestas naturais, com maior número de indivíduos nas menores classes de tamanho.
Growing levels of goat biofertilizer in the initial growth of the pepper
Authors: Lima Davy Frazão , Jesus Antonio Caio de , Veras Diego de Almeida , Pereira Ramón Yuri Ferreira , Ramos Dário de Sousa , Costa Eduardo William de Araújo , Silva Saulo Santos da , Gomes Hermeson de Sousa , Almeida Olivan Cunha de , Serrano Luisa Julieth Parra
Published: September 2021

Biofertilizers have been used in agroecological production with the aim of improving conditions for plant development. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of the application of biofertilizer on the initial development of chili peppers (Capsicum frutescens L.). The experiment was installed and conducted under field conditions from October to December 2018, in Chapadinha, city located in Maranhão. A completely randomized design was used, with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. The experiment corresponded to the application of biofertilizer in concentrations T1: 0%, T2: 20%, T3: 40%, T4: 60% of goat biofertilizer diluted in water. The goat biofertilizer was made using 25 kg of fresh goat manure, 200 g of ash and 500 g of brazilian candy called rapadura. Seedlings with eight definitive leaves were transplanted 0.8 x 1 m apart. The first application of the biofertilizer was performed 15 days after transplanting and the following applications of the biofertilizer were carried out at 10-day intervals until data collection. At 60 days after transplantation, data for each variable were collected. It was observed that the variables responded well to the biofertilizer, revealing significant increases in the growth and development of the pepper plant. It is recommended 4 (four) applications of doses of goat biofertilizer with a concentration between 46% (460 ml L-1) to 48% (480 ml L-1) to obtain pepper seedlings with good phytotechnical quality, because in this range the best results were found for most of the analyzed variables.
O conceito de Bem Viver na agenda da pesquisa no Brasil: um estudo historiográfico no período de 2017 a 2019
Authors: Rodrigues Tayronne de Almeida , Leandro Neto João , Souza Francisca Laudeci Martins
Published: September 2021

A lógica capitalista pressupõe a mercantilização da vida, da natureza e dos conceitos. Tanto que o próprio conceito de desenvolvimento e suas diferentes denominações: econômico, humano e sustentável, dentre outros, apresenta como limite essa lógica, uma vez que esses movimentos de teorizações trazem no seu bojo e ideia de produção, extrativismo, consumo, renda e lucro. Nesse contexto, nas últimas décadas, na América Latina surgiram propostas conceituais de mudanças que apresentam caminhos para uma transformação civilizatória. O sumak kawsay, o Bem Viver, é uma visão de mundo que se pauta pela força dos povos do Sul, os mesmos que foram marginalizados na História. Não implica numa proposta acadêmico-política, mas na possibilidade de aprender realidades, experiências, práticas e valores presentes em muitas partes nesse momento em meio à civilização capitalista. O Bem Viver pode ser percebido como uma dessas propostas alternativas ao conceito de desenvolvimento, estando orientada por princípios diferentes dos que propagam o capitalismo. Desse modo, esse conceito tem sido apropriado no universo das pesquisas acadêmicas ainda que essa não seja sua proposta inicial.  Sendo assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar o que foi publicado sobre 'Bem Viver' por parte de pesquisadores brasileiros, no período de 2017 a 2019. Para tanto realizamos uma revisão de literatura, de cunho historiográfico, a partir de 8 periódicos, sendo 7 em língua portuguesa e 1 na língua inglesa. A metodologia se enquadra em revisão de literatura de cunho historiográfico. A pesquisa dos artigos foi realizada no período de março a maio de 2020, no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Selecionamos apenas os artigos que continham 'Bem Viver' no título na língua portuguesa, desenvolvidos por pesquisadores brasileiros. Em linhas gerais podemos afirmar que 2017 foi um ano preponderante na apropriação da temática no Brasil.
Avaliação técnica e econômica da geração distribuída com sistemas fotovoltaicos em edifícios públicos
Authors: Mendonça Pedro Marcelo de Moraes , Tiago Filho Geraldo Lúcio
Published: September 2021

A geração de energia elétrica a partir de fontes renováveis de energia vem ganhando mercado e confiança no mundo e sendo tema de discussões sobre sustentabilidade em fóruns mundiais e locais, e em particular no Brasil, com recentes incentivos regulatórios na geração distribuída. Os edifícios públicos dos municípios gastam montantes consideráveis de recursos financeiros públicos para garantir a eletricidade da administração. Este estudo analisou a viabilidade técnica para o dimensionamento da implantação e operação de sistemas de geração fotovoltaicos em telhados de edifícios e a viabilidade econômica do investimento, através de recursos próprios e de financiamento, para atender a demanda de eletricidade dos serviços e sistemas da administração pública localizados na cidade de Itajubá-MG, como estudo de caso. Os resultados demonstraram a necessidade de haver investimentos iniciais consideráveis e com vantagem econômica mais atrativa de investimento a partir de financiamento. É possível concluir uma grande oportunidade da administração do município em se tornar autossustentável na geração de energia e reinvestir, aproximadamente 1 milhão de reais ao ano em outras áreas do município, com o retorno econômico do sistema após 6 anos no pior cenário analisado.