bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reservoir Computing based Signal Recovery for 56 Gb/s PAM4 System
Authors: Yu Xiaoyue , Zhang Fangzheng
Published: October 2021

We investigate the reservoir computing based signal recovery method for 56 Gb/s PAM4 systems through simulation. This method is proved to be a powerful tool to achieve good system performance under different conditions.
Silica Optical Fibres based on 3D Printing Technologies
Authors: Peng Gang-Ding
Published: October 2021

This tutorial will focus on key technical aspects and pathways, as well as recent progresses and remaining challenges, in research and development of specialty, custom-design silica optical fibres based on 3D printing technologies.
Photonic Artificial Intelligence Using Complex Photonics: Reservoir Computing and Decision Making
Authors: Uchida Atsushi
Published: October 2021

We overview recent progress in photonic artificial intelligence. We demonstrate reservoir computing using multiple reservoirs of semiconductor lasers with optical feedback. We perform decision making for solving the multi-armed bandit problem using synchronization of laser network.
Polarization-Maintaining Fiber Long-Period Grating Based Broadband LP01-LP11b Mode Converter
Authors: Jiang Chen , Liu Yunqi , Wan Ying , Mou Chengbo
Published: October 2021

We propose the fabrication of broadband LP01-LP11b mode converter in a Panda type polarization-maintaining fiber. The mode converter provides mode conversion with a 10 dB bandwidth of more than 110 nm at 1μm waveband.
Silicon photonics wavelength division (de)multiplexers
Authors: Hung Yung-Jr , Yen Tzu-Hsiang , Chou Chia-Chen , Wang Tai-Chun , Song Zhan-Wen , Wang Yen-Chieh , Chen Chih-Hsien
Published: October 2021

We reviewed our recent progress on low-channel-crosstalk (less than -42 dB) and fabrication-tolerant (spectral shift < 0.63 nm) wavelength division (de)multiplexers based on cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers on silicon-on-insulator platform.
Cloud and Edge Collaborative Computing for Efficient 5G Optical Fronthaul Network Slicing
Authors: Hua Bingchang , Zhu Min , Zhang Jiao , Cai Yuancheng , Lei Mingzheng , Zou Yucong , Li Aijie , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: October 2021

We propose an efficient 5G optical fronthaul network-slicing solution based on cloud and edge collaborative computing. Simulation results show that the proposed solution significantly reduces the delay of each service type.
Performance Comparison of Different 8-QAM Constellations Used in SEFDM systems
Authors: Song Peiji , Hu Zhouyi , Chan Chun-Kit
Published: October 2021

We investigate and compare the performances of three different 8-QAM formats used in SEFDM systems, with respect to the limiting factors of system noises and inter-carrier intereference.
Room temperature current modulation of plasmonic nanolasers
Authors: Li Heng , Huang Zhen-Ting , Hong Kuo-Bin , Chen Jia-Wei , Lu Tien-Chang
Published: October 2021

The research demonstrated the room-temperature active modulation of nanolasers by injecting current on graphene–insulator–metal (GIM) platform. Through 120 mA current injection, the Lorentz reciprocity breaks and the threshold increases two times.
MQW laser with surface electrodes on directly bonded InP/SiO2/Si substrates
Authors: Han Xu , Tsushima Koki , Shirai Takuto , Sato Motonari , Ito Shingo , Ishizaki Takahiro , Shibukawa Kota , Agata Koji , Kotani Momoko , Shimomur Kazuhiko
Published: October 2021

We bonded the InP film on the SiO2/Si substrate and grow the LD on the InP film. The lasing characteristics of the LD on InP/SiO2/Si substrate was closer to the LD on InP substrate.
VON Provisioning Over Co-Existing Fixed/Flexible Grid Optical Networks
Authors: Yu Xiaosong , Lu Lu , Zhao Yongli , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2021

We investigate the problem of VON provisioning when considering brownfield migration from fixed grid to flexible grid in optical networks by designing a flexible-grid-aware virtual network embedding algorithm. The performance is evaluated under different network scenarios.
Parallel Computation Offloading Between MEC Servers with Metro Optical Network
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yin Shan , Yang Chen , Luo Zhihuan , Huang Shanguo
Published: October 2021

We propose a parallel computation offloading scheme based on GA for unbalanced load of MEC. The scheme achieves better performance in terms of response time, MEC utilization by jointly optimizing routing and MEC resource allocation.
Neural-network-based Generalized Filter for Inter-channel Nonlinear Compensation in Long-haul Optical Transmission
Authors: Yang Zhiyuan , Wu Yiwen , Jiang Hexun , Fu Mengfan , Yi Lilin , Hu Weisheng , Zhuge Qunbi
Published: October 2021

We propose a modified generalized filter to compensate the inter-channel nonlinearity, which use neural network to optimize weights of window function. The modified scheme achieves 0.46-dB Q-factor gain for 51-channels WDM system after 800-km transmission.
Efficient Optical Amplification in Erbium-doped Lithium Niobate on Insulator Waveguides
Authors: Chen Zhaoxi , Xu Qing , Zhang Ke , Wong Wing-Han , Zhang De-Long , Pun Edwin Yue-Bun , Wang Cheng
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate efficient waveguide amplifiers based on erbium-doped lithium niobate on insulator with optical net gain of > 5 dB in a compact 5-mm-long waveguide at 1531.6 nm signal wavelength.
Cascaded Long-Period Fiber Grating Liquid Level Sensor at the Dispersion Turning Point
Authors: Lu Kangkang , Jiang Chen , Liu Yunqi
Published: October 2021

We propose the fabrication of cascaded long-period fiber gratings inscribed in boron-germanium co-doped fiber at the dispersion turning point using CO2-laser. The liquid level characteristics of the cascaded LPFGs were investigated experimentally.
All-polarization-maintaining Bidirectional Dual-comb Fiber Laser by Nonlinear Polarization Evolution
Authors: Liu Xuanyi , Li Zhi , Pan Denghui , Li Qian , Fu H. Y.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a novel bidirectional fiber laser mode-locked by nonlinear polarization evolution in all-PM fibers for the first time. This laser configuration offers a simple and robust light source to deliver two different pulse trains and has the potential for dual-comb applications.
Zn-Diffusion Few-mode VCSELs for 50-Gb/s GI-SMF Transmission over 100 m at 850 nm Wavelength
Authors: Hsu Tsung-Chi , Yeh Yen-Wei , Yang Dong , Lee Po-Tsung , Kuo Hao-Chung
Published: October 2021

A few-mode VCSEL has an oxide-confined aperture of 6 μm and a heavily Zn-diffusion aperture of 4 μm, which is demonstrated a -3-dB E-O bandwidth (26.5 GHz), and passed 50 Gb/s pre-emphasis NRZ-OOK transmission over 100 m GI-SMF links.
Ballistocardiography reconstruction based on optical fiber sensor using deep learning algorithm
Authors: Chen Shuyang , Tan Fengze , Lyu Weimin , Yu Changyuan
Published: October 2021

Ballistocardiography (BCG) is the record of body recoils resulted from heart ejection during each cardiac cycle. To detect the detail information in the BCG signal, high sensitivity optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is adopted to fabricate the cushion-type monitor. However, the bias point of the interferometer drifts with the environment affection, which will result in signal fading. In this paper, generative adversarial network (GAN) is proposed to solve the signal distortion problem in the BCG monitoring. The results show that GAN can reconstruct BCG signals with a good performance.
Single-Channel 1.28 Tbit/s Optical Nyquist Pulse Transmission over 3000 km with Roll-off Factor Optimization
Authors: Watanabe Aoi , Yoshida Masato , Hirooka Toshihiko , Nakazawa Masataka
Published: October 2021

We evaluated the BER dependence on distance in a 1.28-Tbit/s (320-Gbaud PDM-DQPSK) single-channel Nyquist pulse transmission for different roll-off factors α. A 3000-km transmission was achieved with α=0.5, which is 300-km longer than with α=0.
Experimental demonstration of distortion mitigation in 15 Tbit/s OTDM transmission using a cognitive dynamic system
Authors: Naghshvarianjahromi Mahdi , Kumar Shiva , Deen Jamal , Iwaya Taro , Kimura Kosuke , Yoshida Masato , Hirooka Toshihiko , Nakazawa Masataka
Published: October 2021

We experimentally demonstrate the performance enhancement of ultrahigh-speed OTDM transmission using a cognitive dynamic system. Experimental results show 1.2~1.3 dB enhancement in Q-factor for a single-channel 15.3 Tbit/s 64 QAM transmission over 150 km.
Pulse-width electrically tunable mode-locked laser based on fiber integrated graphene field effect transistor
Authors: Ding Zixuan , Xiong Yifeng , Xu Fei
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate an electrically tunable mode-locking all-fiber laser with the fiber end face integrated graphene-based field effect transistor structure for the first time. Mode-locked pulse-width was continuously tuned by 57.6% with control of gating voltage.
Linear Polarization-maintaining Fiber Laser Mode-locked by Nonlinear Polarization Evolution
Authors: Pan Denghui , Liu Xuanyi , Fu H. Y. , Li Qian
Published: October 2021

We demonstrated a novel design of a linear polarization-maintaining (PM) Er-doped fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE). This simple and reliable configuration can generate ultrashort pulses at a repetition rate of 60.9 MHz.
Conversion of dark-bright solitons in a fiber ring laser
Authors: Chen Shijie , Liu Xuanyi , Fu H. Y. , Li Qian
Published: October 2021

We numerically demonstrate the conversion of dark-bright solitons by adjusting the polarization angle. We investigate the variation of phase and spectrum and the effect of gain on pulses.
Optical Frequency Comb Generation in Normal Dispersion Microresonators with Coupled-ring Structure
Authors: Cheng Zihao , Huang Dongmei , Li Feng , Lu Chao , Wai P. K. A.
Published: October 2021

We present optical frequency comb generation in normal dispersion microresonators with blue-detuned pump. A new bistability regime in the blue-detuned region is theoretically analyzed and numerically simulated for the first time.
6.4Tb/s (16×400Gb/s) Nonlinear Frequency Division Multiplexing WDM Transmission over 640km SSMF
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Fang Xiansong , Yang Fan , Ming Hao , Li Chenjia , Zhang Lei , Zhang Fan
Published: October 2021

We experimentally demonstrate nonlinear frequency division multiplexing WDM transmission over 640km SSMF with a record data capacity of 6.4Tb/s by employing the continuous nonlinear spectrum and neural network-based equalization in nonlinear frequency domain.
Probabilistically Shaped OFDM for Gradual Capacity Adaptation in 5G ARoF Systems
Authors: Santacruz Javier Pérez , Rommel Simon , Jurado-Navas Antonio , Johannsen Ulf , Monroy Idelfonso Tafur
Published: October 2021

This work studies and experimentally evaluates the performance enhancement by using PS-OFDM in a 5G mm-Wave ARoF system at 25 GHz for all 5G numerologies and with different phase noise levels.
Single-Polarization Hollow-Core Negative Curvature Fiber for Temperature Sensing
Authors: Qiu Shi , Yuan Jinhui , Ni Yueting , Zhou Xian , Yan Binbin , Wu Qiang , Wang Kuiru , Sang Xinzhu , Long Keping , Yu Chongxiu
Published: October 2021

An ethanol and gold wires-filled single-polarization hollow-core negative curvature fiber is proposed for temperature sensing. The average sensitivity and R2 can reach 3.03 nm/ and 0.999 in the temperature range of 20 to 70, respectively.
Mode dispersion measurement of few-mode fiber utilizing S2 technique
Authors: Yu Jianxun , Tan Fengze , Yu Changyuan
Published: October 2021

A novel mode dispersion measurement method based on S2 (Spatially and spectrally resolved imaging) technique is demonstrated. The obtained mode dispersion of the fiber under test is 2.9ps/m.
High Capacity Real-Time Hybrid Optical-Wireless 5G Fronthaul with Dynamic Beam Steering
Authors: Konstantinou Dimitrios , Bressner Thomas A. H. , Rommel Simon , Johannsen Ulf , Smolders A. Bart , Monroy Idelfonso Tafur
Published: October 2021

A real-time millimeter wave radio-over-fiber link is experimentally demonstrated transmitting up to 1.4 Gbit/s 5G OFDM signals through a multi-core fiber to an 8 × 4 antenna array employing analog beamforming to radially track a moving receiver.
Compact Edge-Coupler for Broadband and High-Efficient Fiber-to-Waveguide Coupling Using Cascaded Silicon Nitride Tapers
Authors: Bhandari Bishal , Im Chul-Soon , Oh Min-Cheol , Lee Sang-Shin
Published: October 2021

We propose a compact silicon nitride edge-coupler with a footprint of 76 µm using cascaded taper segments. It exhibits a coupling efficiency above 90% for C and L bands and excellent alignment and cleaving tolerances.
Detection and compensation of laser frequency noise for high resolution optical sensing
Authors: Bao Xiaoyi , Wang Yuan
Published: October 2021

We propose a real-time laser frequency drift measurement using chirped pulse on ultra-weak FBG grating arrays via direct detection. For chirp rate of 375MHz/30ns, minimum frequency drift of ~340 kHz is detected representing 10-9 frequency resolution.
Fast Measurement of Brillouin Frequency Shift in Fiber Based on Principal Components Analysis
Authors: Fen Xiao , Mingxing Lv , Xinwan Li
Published: October 2021

Conventional method of estimating Brillouin Frequency Shift (BFS) in fiber is time- wasting. A novel method based on Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of a fast measurement for BFS without sacrifice of accuracy is proposed. © 2021 The Author(s)
Unamplified 220-Gb/s Transmission over 20 km of SSMF using Simplified Heterodyne Detection System
Authors: Kim B. G. , Kim M. S. , Chung Y. C.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate the unamplified transmission of the 55-Gbaud 16QAM signal over 20 km of SSMF by using a simplified heterodyne detection system with a remotely located LO laser.
SiO2 waveguide based Mach-Zehnder interferometer with nanoporous ZIF-8 for sensitive VOC detection
Authors: Ma XiaoXia , Jiang LianZhong , Wu JieYun , Chen KaiXin
Published: October 2021

An on-chip asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (AMZI) with nanoporous ZIF-8 for ethanol vapor detection has been proposed. We demonstrated the sensitivity of AMZI sensor can reach as high as 19 pm/ppm. © 2021 The Author(s)
Mach-Zehnder Modulator Based on Low Loss Hybrid Plasmon Polariton Waveguide
Authors: Xing Jianghao , Sun Changzheng , Xiong Bing , Wang Jian , Hao Zhibiao , Wang Lai , Han Yanjun , Li Hongtao , Yu Jiadong , Luo Yi
Published: October 2021

A low-loss hybrid plasmon polariton polymer modulator is proposed. A half-wave voltage-length product of 0.078 V⋅mm and a propagation loss of 0.2 dB/m are estimated, together with over 650 GHz bandwidth for a 10-μm-long device. © 2021 The Author(s)
Optical Group-delay Filters for 300-GHz-wave Beam Steering
Authors: Che Ming , Kondo Kazuya , Ibrahim Amalina Athira , Kato Kazutoshi
Published: October 2021

We proposed a concept of a continuous THz-wave beam steering method based on optical filters with gradient group-delay. We experimentally demonstrated a 300-GHz-wave beam steering as wide as 10
◦
using arrayed photomixers with integrated 2×4 planar slot antennas.
Distributed fiber sensing using SDM fibers
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Tang Ming
Published: October 2021

Recent advances in distributed fiber sensing using space-division multiplexing fibers are reviewed. Novel sensing applications with unprecedented performance improvement will be presented, e.g. distributed bending and shape sensing, multi-parameter sensing, ultra-long-distance vibration sensing, interference fading suppression, etc. © 2021 The Author(s)
Novel Earth Pressure Cell with Double FBG-based Diaphragms for Measuring Vertical and Lateral Effective Stresses in Seabed Soils
Authors: Wei-Qiang Feng , Tian-Yu Zhang , Jian Yao , Ruo-Fei Chen , Zi-Yan Lei
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a novel earth pressure cell to directly measure both vertical and lateral effective stresses in seabed soils. The double-sensing diaphragms with FBG sensors were designed to detect the signals simultaneously.
Non-interferometric quantitative phase imaging at 1 μm wavelength regime
Authors: Soni Niraj Kumar , Alam Sabir Ul , Kong Cihang , He Hongsen , Zhou Renjie , Wong Kenneth K. Y.
Published: October 2021

Non-interferometric quantitative phase imaging at 1 μm wavelength regime is demonstrated using transport-of-intensity equation-based phase retrieval algorithm and fiber laser. Amplitude and phase information of the complex field of the sample has been retrieved and presented.
Autophagy induced by a single-time irradiation by femtosecond laser
Authors: Yu Zhengying , He Hao
Published: October 2021

Femtosecond laser has the characteristics of single pulse energy, high power density. These advantages allow femtosecond laser to be used in biological research. we induced autophagy using femtosecond laser. This result help us further understanding of autophagy.
Inverse-Designed Optical Devices and Modules for High-Density Photonic Integration
Authors: Sun Xiankai
Published: October 2021

By implementing inverse design in nanophotonics, we optimized and experimentally demonstrated on-chip optical devices and modules including polarization rotators, reflectors, photonic welding points, waveguide crossings, and photonic jumpers for high-density photonic integration.
Embedded Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (OFDM) to Color-Shift-Keying (CSK) Modulation for Laser-Diode based Visible Light Communication (VLC)
Authors: Gunawan Wahyu Hendra , Chow Chi-Wai , Liu Yang , Yeh Chien-Hung
Published: October 2021

We experimentally demonstrate an embedded orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) to color-shift-keying (CSK) modulation for laser-diode (LD) based visible-light-communication (VLC) achieving 26.65-Gbit/s with 1.25-m free-space transmission.
Z-Score Averaging Neural Network and Background Content Removal for High Performance Rolling Shutter based Optical Camera Communication (OCC)
Authors: Lin Yun-Shen , Liu Yang , Chow Chi-Wai , Chang Yun-Han , Lin Dong-Chang , Song Shao-Hua , Hsu Ke-Ling , Yeh Chien-Hung
Published: October 2021

We propose and demonstrate using Z-score averaging neural-network (Z-NN) and background-content-removal (BCR) to mitigate the inter-symbol-interference (ISI) in camera-communication (OCC). 950-bit/s over 3-m free-space transmission is achieved.
Benefits of MIMO Mode Switching, Angular Diversity and Multiuser Multiplexing for LiFi
Authors: Kouhini S. M. , Hellwig P. , Schultz D. , Freund R. , Jungnickel V.
Published: October 2021

We report on the first real-time experiments with distributed MIMO and multiple users for LiFi. MIMO mode switching and angular diversity are beneficial for robustness. Multiuser multiplexing helps in scenarios where users have complementary MIMO channels.
Optimizations of Probabilistic Constellation Shaping Superposition Schemes for the MISO Visible Light Communication System
Authors: Zou Peng , Zhang Junwen , Li Guoqiang , Hu Fangchen , Chi Nan
Published: October 2021

Two probabilistic-constellation-shaping (PCS) superposition schemes are proposed in the multi-input-single-output (MISO) visible-light-communication (VLC) system. Performance optimizations of 2.3Gbps MISO-VLC using global and local PCS superposition schemes are experimentally demonstrated in linear and nonlinear operation ranges.
Effective Linewidth Reduction in Self-Homodyne Coherent Reception Enabled by stimulated Brillouin scattering
Authors: Li Cai , Merklein Moritz , Liu Yang , Choudhary Amol , Eggleton Benjamin J. , Corcoran Bill
Published: October 2021

We significantly narrow the effective linewidth in a coherent optical link from 75 kHz to ~ 2 kHz using SBS-based optical carrier recovery. Experiment results show that the phase recovery window length can be enlarged by over 100x with less than 0.5 dB Q2 penalty.
Reduced Impact of Frequency Dithering on the Performance of High-Order Modulation Format Phase Conjugation
Authors: Ali A. A. I. , Nguyen T. T. , Boscolo S. , Takasaka S. , Sugizaki R. , Ellis A. D.
Published: October 2021

We address the primary degradations in optical phase conjugation devices, reducing the implementation penalty to below 0.2dB and enabling, for the first time, performance improvement in a 400-km long probabilistically shaped 256-QAM transmission system.
Capturing Nonlinear Signal Distortions by the Spectral Correlation Method
Authors: Rapp Lutz , Azendorf Florian , Mönch Wolfgang
Published: October 2021

Experimental results show that the spectral correlation method is suitable for characterizing the impact of nonlinear fiber effects on signal quality in agile, disaggregated and open optical networks.
Blade Abstraction Interface for Diverse Blade Integration and Unified Control of Disaggregate/Legacy ROADMs
Authors: Xu Sugang , Ishii Kiyo , Yoshikane Noboru , Tsuritani Takehiro , Awaji Yoshinari , Namiki Shu
Published: October 2021

We propose a blade abstraction interface (BAI) for unifying the blade control and easing the use of diverse blades in heterogeneous ROADMs, also demonstrate the integration of disaggregate, legacy ROADMs and a hybrid node in disaster recovery.
How IBN can be Embedded within Optical Transport Networks
Authors: Velasco Luis
Published: October 2021

Deployment of business intent across the optical network through policies for automated management is introduced through illustrative examples spanning from connection provisioning, dynamic network adaptation, and connection degradation and failure localization.
Broadband Dynamic Injection-Locking Performance of Fabry-Perot LD and Its Application to Coherent Homodyne Receiver
Authors: Kan Takashi , Kasai Keisuke , Yoshida Masato , Hirooka Toshihiko , Nakazawa Masataka
Published: October 2021

We describe the broadband injection-locking performance of a Fabry-Perot LD (FP-LD) whose dynamic locking bandwidth can be greatly extended to 28.8 GHz with a low Q-value FP-LD. Application to 256 QAM demodulation is successfully demonstrated.
Silicon Nitride Band Splitter Based on Multimode Bragg Gratings
Authors: Cauchon Jonathan , St-Yves Jonathan , Menard Francois , Shi Wei
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a silicon nitride multimode Bragg grating as a C/L diplexer for single-fiber bidirectional communications. The device was fabricated using optical lithography and achieved a channel isolation greater than 20 dB.
InP-based PIC integrated with Butt-joint Coupled Waveguide p-i-n PDs for 100GBaud Coherent Networks
Authors: Okimoto Takuya , Yagi Hideki , Ebihara Koji , Yamazaki Kouichiro , Okamoto Satoru , Ohkura Yusuke , Horino Kazuhiko , Ashizawa Ken , Ekawa Mitsuru , Yoneda Yoshihiro
Published: October 2021

InP-based PICs with waveguide p-i-n PDs for 100 GBaud coherent receivers are demonstrated. The wide 3-dB bandwidth of more than 65 GHz and high responsivity of 0.154 A/W are revealed at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. We successfully achieve the monolithic integration of 19 functions as InP-based PICs with a footprint of 10.7 mm2.
Experimental Comparison of Uniform and Probabilistically Shaped PAM-8 for IMDD System at Transmission Rates Beyond 200 Gbit/s
Authors: Hossain Sabbir-Bin , Rahman Talha , Böcherer Georg , Stojanović Nebojša , Wettlin Tom , Calabrò Stefano , Wei Jinlong , Xie Changsong , Pachnicke Stephan
Published: October 2021

We have experimentally shown that probabilistically shaped PAM-8 improves receiver sensitivity by more than 1 dB compared with regular PAM-8 for data rates beyond 200 Gbit/s.
Simultaneous Generation of 16×10 Gb/s WDM Channels Using a Single a-Si Waveguide based Time Lens Source
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Girouard Peter , Lillieholm Mads , Gutt Lars Emil , Frandsen Lars H. , Oxenløwe Leif K. , Guan Pengyu
Published: October 2021

We generate 16×10 Gb/s channels from a 160 Gb/s OTDM signal using an amorphous silicon waveguide based time-lens. All channels achieve BER < 10–9.
Optical Switching for Memory-Disaggregated Datacenters
Authors: Calabretta Nicola , Guo Xiaotao , Exarchakos Georgios , Xue Xuwei , Pan Bitao
Published: October 2021

Nanoseconds WDM optical switch is exploited to implement a rack-scale memory disaggregated datacenter network (DCN). Numerical and experimental results validate the disaggregated DCN architecture prototype with 122.3ns network latency, zero packet loss, and error-free operation.
Self-Adaptive Network Monitoring in IP-over-EONs: When Multilayer Telemetry is Flexible and Driven by Data Analytics
Authors: Tang Shaofei , Peng Jianquan , Liu Siqi , Kong Jiawei , Zhu Zuqing
Published: October 2021

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a self-adaptive network monitoring system for IP over elastic optical networks, which can coordinate and adjust in-band and out-of-band monitoring schemes intelligently based on the data analytics on multilayer telemetry data.
Carrier-recovery-free KK detection for PDM-bipolar-PAM in 100 Gb/s simplified coherent PON
Authors: Xin Haiyun , Zhang Xiaoling , Kong Deming , Jia Shi , Hu Weisheng , Hu Hao
Published: October 2021

We propose and demonstrate, for the first time, carrier-recovery-free KK detection for a PDM-bipolar-PAM signal in simplified coherent TDM-PON. 32 dB power budget is achieved for the 100-Gbps signal after 25km downstream transmission.
Field Demonstration of Real-time 14 Tb/s 220 m FSO Transmission with Class 1 Eye-safe 9-aperture Transmitter
Authors: Matsuda Keisuke , Binkai Masashi , Koshikawa Shota , Yoshida Tsuyoshi , Sano Hayato , Konishi Yoshiaki , Suzuki Naoki
Published: October 2021

We demonstrated a 9-aperture transmit and single aperture receive FSO system transmitting 35-WDM 400 Gb/s DP-PS-16-QAM signals over 220 m. By splitting the WDM signals into 9 groups, eye-safe transmit power density was enabled.
Transmission of 200-GBaud PDM Probabilistically Shaped 64-QAM Signals Modulated via a 100-GHz Thin-film LiNbO3 I/Q Modulator
Authors: Chen Xi , Raybon Greg , Che Di , Cho Junho , Kim K.W.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate 102-GHz DBI-DAC and 100-GHz I/Q modulator enabled PDM 200-GBaud probabilistically shaped 64-QAM signal carrying up to 7.92 information bits/symbol/2-polarization. A net data rate of 1.58 Tb/s is achieved on a single wavelength.
8×8 Programmable Multi-Beam Pattern Projection Based on Multicast Silicon Photonic MEMS Switches
Authors: Kim Dong U. , Hong Myung S. , Kim Do Y. , Park Young J. , Takabayashi Alain Y. , Jeong Youngjae , Park Jongwoo , Han Seungjun , Quack Niels , Yu Kyoungsik , Han Sangyoon
Published: October 2021

We present an arbitrary 8×8 beam pattern projection system based on a programmable grating coupler array with a Fourier lens. The static power consumption and the reconfiguration time are below 1µW and 10µs, respectively.
Impact of Aperture Size on Beam Evolution of Optical Phased Arrays
Authors: Xu Weihan , Liu Chuxin , Guo Yuyao , Li Xinhang , Lu Liangjun , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie
Published: October 2021

We investigate the beam evolution of optical phased arrays. The model is validated with a 1-cm-long grating antenna and applied to both large-scale arrays and long antennas for its impact.
Opportunities and Challenges for Long-Distance Transmission in Hollow-Core Fibres
Authors: Poggiolini Pierluigi , Poletti Francesco
Published: October 2021

Recently NANF fiber prototypes have shown a steady decrease in loss. Theory predicts they could eventually outperform conventional fibers, in both loss and optical bandwidth. We investigate their potential impact on long-haul optical communication systems.
Squeezing Out the Achievable Information Rate From Coherent QAM Systems Through Amplitude Modulation of CPE-Pilots
Authors: Guiomar F. P. , Oliveira B. M. , Neves M. S. , Fernandes M. A. , Monteiro P. P.
Published: October 2021

We propose to perform amplitude modulation over DSP pilots commonly employed for carrier-phase estimation, utilizing the extra information rate to carry additional FEC overhead. For moderate pilot overheads of 3-6%, we demonstrate SNR gains in the range of 0.6-1.7 dB.
Demonstration of Probabilistic Constellation Shaping for Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Roumestan François , Ghazisaeidi Amirhossein , Renaudier Jérémie , Brindel Patrick , Diamanti Eleni , Grangier Philippe
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, continuous-variable quantum key distribution using probabilistically-shaped 1024-QAM and true local oscillator, achieving 38.3Mb/s secret key rate over 9.5km, averaged over the transmission time of 100 blocks.
Toward 6G: A New Era of Convergence [Invited]
Authors: Maier Martin
Published: October 2021

This paper highlights some of the 6G driving trends and reports on early findings, starting from an optical fiber networks perspective all the way to human-avatar/robot collectives and extended reality in the 6G post-smartphone era.
A Non-Proprietary Network Operations Platform for OpenROADM Environment
Authors: Ellsworth Nathan , Mirkhanzadeh Behzad , Zhang Tianliang , Vachhani Shweta , Bathula Balagangadhar , Thouenon Gilles , Betoule Christophe , Renais Olivier , Razo Miguel , Fumagalli Andrea
Published: October 2021

Key functionalities of NOP (Network Operations Platform) are demonstrated with the latest multi-vendor OpenROADM equipment. Using open source packages, the NOP inter-operates with TransportPCE and other controllers, bringing together information about topology, events, and metrics.
High Precision Indoor Robot Localization Using VLC Enabled Smart Lighting
Authors: Wang Yiru , Guan Weipeng , Hussain Babar , Yue C. Patrick
Published: October 2021

A high precision visible light communication (VLC)-based mobile robot positioning demonstration is proposed1. Based on our built experiment platform, the positioning accuracy is within 2cm.
Photonics Vision 2030 in Africa
Authors: Muriungi Kithinji , Makatia Fidel
Published: October 2021

Africa holds a rich history that suggests the successful adoption of the fourth industrial revolution driven by photonics. This paper connects the dots and plots or projects how photonics in Africa might be in 2030.
Demonstration of P4 Neural Network Switch
Authors: Paolucci Francesco , De Marinis Lorenzo , Castoldi Piero , Cugini Filippo
Published: October 2021

A programmable P4 node performing neural network acceleration is demonstrated. The node implements both traffic feature extraction and neural networking computations. Cyber security use case targeting DDoS attack detection is deployed.
Demonstration of a Dynamic QKD Network Control Using a QKD-Aware SDN Application Over a Programmable Hardware Encryptor
Authors: Tessinari R. S. , Arabul E. , Alia O. , Muqaddas A. S. , Kanellos G. T. , Nejabati R. , Simeonidou D.
Published: October 2021

We successfully implemented a QKD-Aware SDN application capable of realtime monitoring and controlling a quantum secure network paired with a programmable FPGA encryption/decryption technology to provide on-demand encryption algorithms for network services between different sites.
Inter-Operator Machine Learning Model Trading over Acumos AI Federated Marketplace
Authors: Shariati Behnam , Safari Pooyan , Bergk Geronimo , Oertel Felix Immanuel , Fischer Johannes Karl
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate the development of a QoT classifier over an autonomous machine-learning pipeline, the trading of the classifier over a federated marketplace, and eventually its deployment in the customer’s network as a cloud-native micro-service.
Integrated Silicon Photonics Transmitter in 400GBASE-DR4 QSFP-DD Transceiver
Authors: Zhang Xingyu , Zheng David , Ying Zhoufeng , Li Yong , Ding Ming , Lam Dobby , Tu Shijun , Wu Rui , Zhang Xia , Sun Yonghuan , Wang Xiong , Huang Xiaolei , Wang Tongqing
Published: October 2021

We present the design and characterization of a 4-channel silicon photonics transmitter for 400Gbps DR4 data-center applications. A QSFP-DD transceiver module with this transmitter is demonstrated with reliable performance in real-time operation across 0~70 °C.
Time-energy Entangled Photon Pairs Generated via SFWM in an AlGaAsOI Ring Resonator
Authors: Castro Joshua E. , Steiner Trevor J. , Chang Lin , Dang Quynh , Xie Weiqiang , Li Chenlei , Norman Justin , Bowers John E. , Moody Galan
Published: October 2021

We report a time-energy entangled photon pair source from an AlGaAs microring resonator with an internal generation rate greater than 20× 109 pairs sec–1 mW-2 while maintaining high heralded single photon purity > 99% and visibility > 97%.
Cryo-Compatible, Silicon Spoked-Ring Modulator in a 45nm CMOS Platform for 4K-to-Room-Temperature Optical Links
Authors: Gevorgyan Hayk , Khilo Anatol , Van Orden Derek , Onural Deniz , Yin Bozhi , Wade Mark T. , Stojanović Vladimir M. , Popović Miloš A.
Published: October 2021

Cryogenic operation, at 4.5K, of a vertical-junction silicon microring modulator in a 45 nm CMOS platform is demonstrated. Record resonance-shift efficiency – 46 GHz/V – enables nonthermal tuning in 140 GHz range and up to 10 Gbps OOK modulation with ≤1Vpp drive, paving the way to cryogenic optical data egress links.
Compact and inexpensive photonic Ising machines based on optoelectronic oscillators
Authors: Van der Sande Guy , Böhm Fabian , Van Vaerenbergh Thomas , Verschaffelt Guy
Published: October 2021

Photonic Ising machines based on optoelectronic oscillators are a compact and inexpensive alternative to coherent Ising machines and quantum annealers. Based on experiments and simulations, we demonstrate similar or improved compared to state-of-the-art Ising machines.
Multi-channel quantum communication receiver made from waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Authors: Häußler Matthias , Terhaar Robin , Gehring Helge , Wolff Martin A. , Beutel Fabian , Hartmann Wladick , Walter Nicolai , Tillmann Max , Wahl Michael , Röhlicke Tino , Rahn Hans-Jürgen , Wernicke Doreen , Perlot Nicolas , Rödiger Jasper , Pernice Wolfram H. P. , Schuck Carsten
Published: October 2021

We present a fiber-coupled multi-channel waveguide-integrated superconducting single-photon detector array for fast, efficient and highly parallelized counting with below 65 ps timing accuracy for high-rate quantum key distribution implementations at telecommunication wavelengths.
Estimating nonlinear phase shift in a multi-span fiber-optic link using a coherent transceiver
Authors: Hui Rongqing , O’Sullivan Maurice
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a novel technique to measure the nonlinear phase shifts of multi-span fiber optic links with a polarization-multiplexed coherent transceiver based on cross-phase modulation between two orthogonally polarized subcarrier tones.
Missing Pieces Currently Preventing Effective Application of Machine Learning to QoT Estimation in the Field
Authors: Pesic Jelena
Published: October 2021

Despite significant effort from the research community, there are still some missing pieces currently preventing the application of machine learning to QoT estimation in WDM networks. This paper highlights these pieces.
Adaptive and Iterative QoT Estimator Retraining for Launch Power Optimization
Authors: Mahajan Ankush , Christodoulopoulos Kostas , Martínez Ricardo , Muñoz Raul , Spadaro Salvatore
Published: October 2021

We dynamically optimize the transponders launch powers with iterative closed control loops. We close the loop after an adaptable number of algorithm’s intermediate calculations, to monitor and retrain the QoT estimator with the real world.
25 and 50G Optical Access Network Deployment Forecasts using Bi-Logistic curves
Authors: Rodrigues Cláudio , Rodrigues Francisco , Pinho Cátia , Bento Nuno , Amorim Marlene , Teixeira António
Published: October 2021

Different forecast scenarios for both 25G-PON and 50G-PON global ONT/ONU market are presented based on a Bi-Logistic modeling function with reference to GPON existing data.
Digital Predistortion Enhancement by Convolutional Neural Network for Probabilistic Shaped Discrete Multi-Tone Signal Transmission in Passive Optical Network
Authors: Zhou Qi , Zhang Rui , Shen Shuyi , Hsu Chin-Wei , Yao Shuang , Su Shang-Jen , Chang Gee-Kung
Published: October 2021

We experimentally demonstrate a 68.2-Gb/s net data-rate probabilistic shaped discrete multi-tone transmission in passive optical network with 11G-class devices. The convolutional- neural-network strengthens digital predistortion performance with 1.1-dB improvement of system sensitivity over linear pre-equalization.
Digital twin-enabled Power Optimizer for Multi-span Transmission System Using Autoencoder
Authors: Li Shengnan , Wang Danshi , Song Yuchen , Fan Qirui , Zhang Min , Lu Chao , Lau Alan Pak Tao
Published: October 2021

A digital twin-enabled technique is proposed for multi-span system to build a neural network-based power prediction model and an autoencoder-based power optimization model achieve flexible output spectrum profile control.
Experimental Study of Deep Neural Network Equalizers Performance in Optical Links
Authors: Freire Pedro J. , Osadchuk Yevhenii , Spinnler Bernhard , Schairer Wolfgang , Napoli Antonio , Costa Nelson , Prilepsky Jaroslaw E. , Turitsyn Sergei K.
Published: October 2021

We propose a convolutional-recurrent channel equalizer and experiment tally demonstrate 1dB Q-factor improvement both in single-channel and 96×WDM, DP- 16QAM transmission over 450km of TWC fiber. The new equalizer outperforms previous NN-based approaches and a 3-steps-per-span DBP.
Demonstration of 470 GHz Bandwidth Wireless Transmitter Based on Photo-mixer for Simultaneous Transmission of Photonics-generated Signals in All-Band 6G Systems
Authors: Zhao Li , Li Yitong , Liu Cuiwei , Yu Jianguo , Zhou Wen , Wang Kaihui , Wang Yanyi , Zhao Feng , Ning Dongfang , Fo Qingqing , Yu Jianjun
Published: October 2021

We experimentally demonstrate a 40-510 GHz all-band wireless transmitter covering the Q-, V-, W-, D- and THz-band communication links simultaneously. This is the first demonstration that a single photo-mixer is used to support simultaneous multiple transmissions over millimeter and terahertz channels.
Overview and Future Challenges on III-V Integration Technologies in Silicon Photonics Platform
Authors: Jones Richard
Published: October 2021

An overview of the work done at Intel Corporation on III-V integration with silicon photonics will be given, and future areas of development discussed.
Record High Power Single-mode Operation and Beam Steering of VCSEL-Integrated Amplifier/Beam Scanner
Authors: Hu Shanting , Gu Xiaodong , Hassan Ahmed , Nakahama Masanori , Shinada Satoshi , Koyama Fumio
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate single-mode surface-grating VCSEL-integrated amplifier/beam scanner. We obtained the record single-mode output-power over 3W under pulsed operations. A continuous fan-beam steering of 5° and 70 resolution points are achieved.
Wideband PPLN-based optical parametric amplifiers for scalable optical transport network
Authors: Miyamoto Y. , Kobayashi T. , Umeki T. , Kazama T. , Enbutsu K. , Shimizu S. , Kasahara R.
Published: October 2021

This paper reviews the wideband optical parametric amplifiers based on periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguides for scalable optical transport network. The achievable bandwidth over 10 THz is promising to offset capacity crunch in today’s network.
Dual-Polarization C+L-Band Wavelength Conversion in a Twin-Core Highly Nonlinear Fibre
Authors: Szabó Áron D. , Ribeiro Vitor , Gaur Chandra B. , Ali Abdallah A. I. , Mussot Arnaud , Quiquempois Yves , Bouwmans Géraud , Doran Nick J.
Published: October 2021

All-optical wavelength conversion of dual-polarization signals over 9.6 nm in C+L-band is demonstrated in a twin-core highly nonlinear fibre for the first time. Conversion efficiencies between -1 dB and -8.5 dB for both cores are obtained simultaneously.
54.5 Tb/s WDM Transmission over Field Deployed Fiber Enabled by Neural Network-Based Digital Pre-Distortion
Authors: Bajaj Vinod , Buchali Fred , Chagnon Mathieu , Wahls Sander , Aref Vahid
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a record 54.5 Tb/s WDM transmission at 11.35 bit/s/Hz over 48 km of field-deployed SMF connecting business and academic parks enabled by a novel joint I-Q Neural Network-based transmitter digital pre-distortion technique.
LiFi is Ready for Mainstream
Authors: Banham A. , Schaeffer R. , Scace S.
Published: October 2021

Mainstream LiFi is just on the horizon. Using light instead of radio waves to send and receive data, LiFi’s security, safety and bandwidth advantages make it the right solution at the right time.
Interpretable and visualized SHAP-based equalizer with feature selection in IMDD system
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Miao Xin , Xi Yu , Bi Meihua , Li Longsheng , Hu Weisheng
Published: October 2021

We firstly leveraged the SHAP-based method to visualize and analyze trained equalizers in IMDD-based short-reach system and manifested in bandwidth-limitation PAM-4 system. As a result, half of the features are reduced without deteriorating system performance.
High Speed, Low Voltage Polarization Controller Based on Heterogeneous Integration of Silicon and Lithium Niobate
Authors: Zheng Zhiwen , Lu Liwang , Li Chijun , Wang Wei , Zhang Sen , Fan Linsheng , Zhang Tingting , Zuo Tianjian , Liu Lei , Lau Alan Pak Tao , Lu Chao , Chen Pengxin , Guo Changjian , Liu Liu
Published: October 2021

A high speed, low voltage polarization controller based on Si-LN heterogeneous integration is fabricated and characterized. of 3.2 - 5.2 V is realized in a frequency range of 60 Hz to 6 MHz.
Low-Loss Three-Dimensional Fan-in/Fan-out Devices for Multi-Core Fiber Integration
Authors: Ling Yi-Chun , Yuan Shuyun , Ben Yoo S. J.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a 3D fan-in/fan-out device for multi-core fiber integration fabricated by ultrafast laser inscription using an automatic 3D waveguide routing algorithm. The low propagation loss of 0.3 dB/cm and 0.16 dB/cm have been achieved for two types of glasses.
C-Band Direct Detection Transmission of 90Gbaud PAM-6/4 Over 10/20km SSMF with 2-Tap Pre-Equalization and Skew-Enabled VSB Shaping
Authors: Zhu Yixiao , Zhang Lei , Fang Xiansong , Zhang Fan , Hu Weisheng
Published: October 2021

90Gbaud Nyquist PAM-6/4 are experimentally transmitted over 10/20km SSMF with direct detection at C-band. Bandwidth limitation is compensated by 2-tap pre-equalization, and dispersion-induced power fading is overcome by introducing differential time skew.
Slicing and Sliding Algorithm Compatible with PAM/SCM Signal for Chirp and Dispersion Induced Distortion Compensation in DML-Based DD System
Authors: Zhu Yixiao , Miao Xin , Wu Qi , Hu Weisheng
Published: October 2021

We propose a slicing and sliding algorithm to mitigate the distortion caused by DML chirp and fiber dispersion. 80Gb/s PAM-4 and SCM-16QAM signal C-band 10km transmission are experimentally demonstrated with >2dB ROP sensitivity improvement.
A novel method for distributed phase birefringence measurement based on chirped pulse φ-OTDR
Authors: Wang Yuan , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi
Published: October 2021

A novel method for phase birefringence measurement is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. By using the chirped pulses, the local birefringence could be directly measured based on local time delays of reflected Rayleigh traces between slow and fast axes. The birefringence measurement resolution is up to 2×10–9
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and the Quantum Internet: The challenges facing this new technology
Authors: Lord Andrew , White Catherine , Salas Emilio Hugues
Published: October 2021

We describe the status of Quantum Key Distribution and highlight the developments required for this technology and describing a full QKD network. We set out the major differences between QKD and the Quantum Internet.
3D-Integrated Multichip Module Transceiver for Terabit-Scale DWDM Interconnects
Authors: Daudlin Stuart , Rizzo Anthony , Abrams Nathan C. , Lee Sunwoo , Khilwani Devesh , Murthy Vaishnavi , Robinson James , Collier Terence , Molnar Alyosha , Bergman Keren
Published: October 2021

We present the architecture and assembly of a compact, 3D-integrated CMOS-silicon photonic transceiver for DWDM interconnects. The transceiver interleaves 64 parallel wavelength channels enabling energy efficient scaling of multi-Tbps/mm2 bandwidth densities for future co-packaged chipsets.
Arbitrary Dispersion Compensation of Periodic Waveforms using On-chip Discrete Phase Filters
Authors: Kaushal Saket , Azaña José
Published: October 2021

We propose a discrete phase filter design suitable for arbitrary dispersion compensation of periodic waveforms using waveguide Bragg gratings in silicon. Higher-order dispersion compensation (equivalent to 5,000 km long optical fiber) of a 40-GHz picosecond pulse train is experimentally demonstrated using mm-long phase filters.
Field Trial of Abnormal Activity Detection and Threat Level Assessment with Fiber Optic Sensing for Telecom Infrastructure Protection
Authors: Xia Tiejun J. , Wellbrock Glenn A. , Huang Ming-Fang , Han Shaobo , Chen Yuheng , Salemi Milad , Ji Philip N. , Wang Ting , Aono Yoshiaki
Published: October 2021

We report the field trial results of monitoring abnormal activities near deployed cable with fiber-optic-sensing technology for cable protection. Detection and position determination of abnormal events and evaluating the threat to the cable is realized.
Simultaneous Monitoring of Frequency-dependent IQ Imbalances in a Dual-polarization IQ Modulator by using a Single Photodetector: A Phase Retrieval Approach
Authors: Yoshida Yuki , Yoshida Setsuo , Oda Shoichiro , Hoshida Takeshi , Yamamoto Naokatsu
Published: October 2021

A low-complexity frequency-dependent IQ imbalance monitoring technique for a dual-polarization (DP) IQ modulator by using a single photodetector is proposed based on phase retrieval and demonstrated experimentally with a 63.25-Gbaud DP-16QAM signal.
Demonstration of Single-Lane 350-Gb/s PS-PAM-16 in the C-band using single-DAC for Data Center Interconnects
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Zhu Min , Wang Kaihui , Hua Bingchang , Cai Yuancheng , Lei Mingzheng , Zou Yucong , Li Aijie , Xu Weiliang , Wang Jikuan , Liu Xiang , Zhou Qingyi , Yu Jianjun
Published: October 2021

We experimentally demonstrated single-lane 100-Gbaud PAM-8 and PS-PAM-16 signals IM/DD transmission over 1-km NZDSF using one single-DAC and single-Photodiode with joint nonlinear equalization techniques. 350-Gb/s PS-PAM-16 signal transmission can be achieved.
Mode-Evolution-based InP/InGaAsP Polarization Rotator with Etching-Stop Layer
Authors: Tanomura Ryota , Elfiqi Abdulaziz E. , Yu Dawei , Yanwachirakul Warakorn , Shao Haifeng , Suzuki Yuto , Tanemura Takuo , Nakano Yoshiaki
Published: October 2021

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a monolithic InP/InGaAsP mode- evolution-based polarization rotator. Using the adiabatic mode transition inside a tapered half-ridge waveguide, fabrication-tolerant conversion with an efficiency over 97.7% is obtained over the entire C-band.
A Silicon Nitride Reconfigurable Linear Optical Processor
Authors: De Marinis L. , Contestabile G. , Castoldi P. , Andriolli N.
Published: October 2021

The characterization of a broadband Si3N4 integrated linear optical processor operating in the C-band is reported. The impact of losses on the processor accuracy is discussed towards the photonic implementation of state-of-the-art neural networks.
224-Gb/s PAM4 Uncooled Operation of Lumped-electrode EA-DFB Lasers with 2-km Transmission for 800GbE Application
Authors: Yamauchi Syunya , Adachi Koichiro , Asakura Hideaki , Takita Hayato , Nakai Yoshihiro , Yamaguchi Yoriyoshi , Mitaki Masatoshi , Nakajima Ryosuke , Tanaka Shigehisa , Naoe Kazuhiko
Published: October 2021

Newly developed lumped-electrode (LE) EA-DFB lasers demonstrated 224-Gb/s PAM4 uncooled operation with 2-km transmission. Its average output power and TDECQ from 20 to 80°C are respectively more than 6 dBm and less than 2.8 dB.
Thermal Quenching Induced Luminescence Enhancement of Bismuth/Erbium Co-doped Fiber (BEDF) under 830 Pumping
Authors: Zhao Qiancheng , Hao Qun , Qu Jiaqi , Yang Zongru , Liu Yifan , Yu Changyuan , Peng Gang-Ding
Published: October 2021

We investigated the thermal-related spectral properties for BEDF under 830 nm pumping and observed a notable (~1.6 times) luminescence enhancement in the range of 1.1-1.3 μm by thermal quenching at 500 °C.