bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transition from an MBBS to an MD program – Using innovation and thinking outside the square
Authors: Smith Janie Dade , Edwards Elizabeth , Jones Peter D , Cheek Colleen , Hays Richard B
Published: November 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background There has been a trend globally to move from a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) to a Doctor of Medicine (MD) for primary medical education. This shift has seen many Australian universities change to an MD, mostly from graduate entry programs. This paper describes the novel and unique 3+2 model from one Australian university, that enabled undergraduate entry, student flexibility, and a master's exit qualification without increasing time.Methods The method included a curriculum review in 2013 where its problem-based learning curriculum shifted from a seven to a five-semester program; changing the third year to a virtual hospital clinical year using simulation, and introducing in 2016 a new 3+2 curriculum model in the final two years using a 100 point system as a masters level program. ResultsThe MD model was described in the external evaluation as 'novel and innovative', where students can choose from three project options - a research project, or a professional project or an international capstone experience as well as a number of scholarly tasks. The structure is fully integrated with the existing curriculum and assessment process, supported by an innovative technology platform.ConclusionNow in its third year of implementation this innovative model is breaking new ground in the way in which a masters level MD program could be developed, whilst maintaining undergraduate entry.
Characterisation of magnesium, zinc and iron sulfates for thermochemical storage
Authors: Rehman Ata Ur , Hayat Asif , Munis Adnan , Zhao Tianyu , Israr Muhammad , Zheng Maosheng
Published: November 2019

Thermochemical heat-storage materials such as magnesium, zinc and iron sulfates offer high energy-storage densities and a reliable means of long-term storage of solar energy. In this research study, the dynamic properties of these three salts were investigated based on their hydration and dehydration characteristics. To investigate the effect of regeneration temperatures on the physio-chemical properties of the materials, four sets of temperatures were used. At 100°C, zinc sulfate showed a significant loss of water as compared to magnesium and iron salts, while in the hydration process at lower temperatures, zinc sulfate showed the highest sorption enthalpy and energy density. Furthermore, the crystallinity of salt hydrates was characterised using powder X-ray diffraction measurements, which revealed that dehydration of water molecules occurred only in magnesium sulfate, whereas partial distortion occurred in iron sulfate with a rise in temperature. Collating the results together indicated that zinc sulfate is more energy efficient than both magnesium and iron sulfate. With a calculated hydration energy density at 100°C of 1·26 GJ/m3, zinc sulfate is the best option among the three salts for its use as a thermochemical material.
Áreas de mananciais: desafios dos programas de intervenções urbanas em áreas protegidas da sub-bacia da Billings, São Bernardo do Campo
Authors: Rosin Jeane Aparecida Rombi de Godoy
Published: November 2019

Este artigo aborda os desafios das intervenções urbanas norteadas pela atual legislação de proteção de áreas de preservação permanente – áreas protegidas, em especial, aquelas implementadas em áreas de mananciais. Hodiernamente, é significativo o percentual de cidades brasileiras que apresentam um paradoxo entre o seu desenvolvimento físico e a sustentabilidade do ambiente em que estão inseridas. Em atenção a suas especificidades, as áreas de preservação permanente exigem cuidados intensos e abrangentes, visto que sua preservação e manutenção necessitam de ações políticas que possam intervir de maneira equilibrada entre o crescimento urbano, a qualidade de vida e recuperação do meio natural. Sob essa perspectiva, a dimensão ambiental passou a ser incorporada de forma transdisciplinar, resgatando valores importantes à formulação de uma política de desenvolvimento urbano, baseada nos princípios da sustentabilidade. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os resultados das políticas públicas recentes, por meio de estudo de caso - dos planos aos projetos urbanos, observando as limitações e potencialidades contidas em seu escopo de referência. Isto posto, serão analisadas ações resultantes de políticas públicas em assentamentos habitacionais precários localizados em áreas de APP, por meio dos projetos voltados a recuperação ambiental urbana em áreas protegidas dos mananciais – APRM da Represa Billings em São Bernardo do Campo. A escolha dessa área se deu em razão dos efeitos nocivos resultantes da ocupação urbana precária identificados em áreas de mananciais, onde o poder público – estadual e municipal, vem ao longo de décadas tentando implementar uma série de ações, culminando na elaboração de programas específicos voltados à recuperação socioambiental com enfoque na integração urbanística e fundiária. Em síntese, as propostas de intervenções urbanísticas destinadas a recuperação urbana e ambiental das APP em mananciais de abastecimento público, voltadas a recuperação socioambiental ao enfrentarem suas divergências, podem desempenhar um papel crucial ao recuperarem as múltiplas funções da rede hídrica, notadamente, resgatando a prestação dos serviços ecossistêmicos essenciais, não somente à sustentabilidade mas também, um caminho necessário a resiliência dos espaços protegidos.
Palavras-chave: Áreas de Mananciais. Áreas Protegidas. Programas de Intervenções Urbanas.
pAmpATPBChl Plasmid Map v1
Authors: Nimmo Isabel , Nisbet Ellen , Howe Christopher
Published: November 2019

Sequence for the pAmpATPBChl artificial minicircle
At the far end of diachrony: the evolutive spiral of the emergence of language. A theory
Authors: Chirilă Adina
Published: November 2019

Among the analytical efforts that pursue the question of the emergence of language, and possibly the formation of the cerebral mechanism that made it possible, the hypothesis of the mirror system developed by Michael A. Arbib is a well-articulated one, due to an interdisciplinary approach. The present article highlights several crucial elements in the process of its elaboration and exposes its essence: 1. there is no innate universal grammar; 2. language-readiness is a multimodal state – it evolved as a multimodal system: manual/facial/vocal, by stages: a) first, the protosign (manual protolanguage, with an open repertoire of signs); b) then, the protospeech (vocal protolanguage), that provided “the critical neuronal mass” due to which c) language evolved from protolanguage, as a result of cultural innovations; 3. the brain mechanisms that sustain language evolved atop a primitive pre-hominid mechanism that initially had nothing to do with communication; this, i.e. the mirror system for grasping, provided the evolutive base for language parity.
Ironie, umor și cultură în How to Be a Brit de George Mikes: perspective teoretice ale relevanței
Authors: Ruiz-Moneva María Angeles
Published: November 2019

Lucrarea de față își propune să analizeze rolul pe care umorul și ironia îl joacă în interpretarea cărții lui George Mikes How to be a Brit. Se va arăta că aceste resurse sînt importante pentru ca cititorul să înțeleagă și să se bucure de sensul pe care autorul intenționează să îl comunice. Mikes a căutat să arate inconsecvențele și incongruențele societății și culturii britanice, prin prisma „străinului”, a celui care nu aparține locului. Ironia și umorul devin resurse stilistice care ghidează cititorul în interpretarea textului. Cadrul aplicat este cel al teoriei relevanței, o abordare pragmatică ce evidențiază procesele de inferență implicate în înțelegerea mesajului. Totuși, viziunea pe care o atare teorie ar oferi-o asupra culturii a fost adesea neglijată sau greșit înțeleasă.

Prin urmare, această lucrare va căuta să urmărească dacă teoria relevanței în ansamblu și, în mod concret, propunerile sale referitoare la umor, ironie și cultură pot ajuta cititorul să facă față semnificației operei analizate. Se va arăta că un echilibru adecvat între derivarea inferențială a sensului transmis de emițător, pe care o execută cititorul și libertatea lui de a ajunge la propriile concluzii (care sînt în orice situație restricționate de text) ajută la o mai bună înțelegere și interpretare a textului.
Evoluționismul Parabolelor
Authors: Gafton Francisc , Chirilă Adina
Published: November 2019

Recitind Parabolele din Noul Testament, autorii prezentului studiu găsesc elemente pe baza cărora se poate clădi interpretarea acestor istorii în lumina evoluționismului—un concept de o profunzime considerabilă. Dacă sînt percepute ca un întreg și dacă lăsăm la o parte orice reflecție mistică asupra lor, parabolele afirmă existența unui sistem care generează și guvernează toate principiile și entitățile, care, în consecință, îi împărtășesc natura, adică ordinea, echilibrul și vitalitatea.

Entitățile dețin forța vitală generată de un dat genetic entelehic, fundamental pozitiv, însă care se poate menține, dezvolta și evolua ca atare numai ca urmare a devenirii epigenetice, în acea direcție.

În mod firesc pentru el însă, omul religios subordonează spiritului și împlinirii voinței lui Dumnezeu datul genetic, dobînditul epigenetic, precum și instrumentele de natură comportamentală și ideologică.
THE 1477 SILVER FIND AT THE ST. GEORG MINE IN SCHNEEBERG AND SIGNIFICANT ORE SPECIMENS IN THE MUSEUM OF MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY IN DRESDEN
Authors: THALHEIM KLAUS
Published: November 2019

Two silver ore specimens in the mineralogical collection of the Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Museum of Mineralogy and Geology, are samples from one of the most spectacular silver finds in Saxon Erzgebirge. The history of the find and of the two silver ore specimens is discussed. The origin of such a rich deposit of silver ore is examined in relationship to the geology of mineral deposits.
LATE REVISIONS TO WILLIAM SMITH'S 1815 MAP IN THE VICINITY OF CANONBIE AND BEWCASTLE IN THE BORDERLANDS
Authors: MCINTYRE ROY W.
Published: November 2019

Map Y is one of a small number of copies of William Smith's 1815 map A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales with Part of Scotland that are now known to have been made after he was awarded the Wollaston Medal in 1831. These copies therefore postdated the publication of his reduced scale version of the great map in 1820, and of his four county maps of northern England in 1824. Map Y made changes to the strata on the English side of the Border from how they had been portrayed on all earlier copies of the 1815 map. Changes of outcrops were made between the colliery village of Canon-bie, just inside Scotland, and the hamlet of Bewcastle, ten miles across the Border in Cumberland. The addition of geological contact lines to Map Y for these added outcrops are evidence of transferring information from the county map to Map Y. Changes made to Map Y in Northumberland provide clues for copying from the northern county maps, but firm evidence of that having happened is harder to find in that neighbouring county.
THE HISTORY OF GEOLOGY WALLS IN CENTRAL EUROPE AND THEIR USE AS PEDAGOGIC TOOLS FOR EXPLAINING GEOSCIENCES
Authors: MOHR BARBARA
Published: November 2019

During the second half of the nineteenth century, geology was added as a topic taught at schools of higher education in central Europe. As a consequence, teachers had an interest in finding practical methods to make theoretical knowledge more interesting to their pupils. Pedagogic tools included fieldtrips which could be logistically challenging, and the so called ‘geology walls’ and other stone structures, such as ‘geology pyramids’. These solidly built structures erected from various types of rocks, were put together to simulate the complexities of the underground geology from the lowlands to the mountains of certain geographic areas and may be considered to represent precursors of modern geoparks. Many of these ‘geology walls’ built in several central European cities are preserved and may still be used today to explain and discuss geoscientific phenomena. The fruitful interactions between teachers and pupils, and scientists and amateurs, are topics of this paper. Questions of restitution and international relationships are touched on as well.
ALD-Grown Metal Oxide Films for the Detection of Molecular Contaminants on Spacecraft
Authors: Rutherford Gugu , Seasly Elaine , O'Connell Joseph , Thornblom Mark , Xiao Bo , Bahoura Messaoud
Published: November 2019

Mitigating molecular contamination during the assembly, integration, and testing of space systems requires quantitative and qualitative methods to detect the presence of molecular films on sensitive surfaces. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a self-limiting deposit of a variety of films layer by layer in the vapor phase on multiple types of substrates. The controlled layer-by-layer deposition enables the user to change orientation, morphology, and grain size in films, which directly impacts optical and electronic responses. In this study, the authors demonstrate the ability to use ALD-grown metal oxide thin films coupled with a Raman spectrometer to provide early detection of molecular films on witness surfaces during the assembly, integration, and testing of space flight hardware.
The Dialogic Mode in Jane Austen’s ”Northanger Abbey”: The Manorial Gothic Meets a Subversive Novel of Manners
Authors: Terentowicz-Fotyga Urszula
Published: November 2019

The paper proposes to read the dialogue of two generic traditions: the novel of manners and gothic fiction in Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey. The generic dialogue in Northanger Abbeyconstitutes a particularly interesting case, as it appears at the very inception of the manorial tradition in fiction and thus bears a strong modelling function. The paper argues that Northanger Abbeyrepresents a subversive version of the novel of manners, which contextualizes and substantiates the transgressive character of the gothic.
Going Down the Drain: Sweeney Todd, Sewerage, and London Sanitation in the 1840s
Authors: Killeen Jarlath
Published: November 2019

This article examines the penny blood The String of Pearls in terms of its treatment of human remains as the equivalent of human excrement, arguing that the serial acts as an intervention into the debate about waste management and treatment in 1840s London.
The Fertility of the Supernatural: Stuart Neville’s ”The Ghosts of Belfast”
Authors: Mydla Jacek
Published: November 2019

In The Ghosts of Belfast (2009), spectres of the conflict’s victims haunt Gerry Fegan, a former “soldier” and assassin. Picking up the metaphorical cue from the epigraph to Neville’s novel – “the place that lacks its ghosts is a barren place” – the article addresses the thriller’s supernatural content. The meaning and role of the titular ghosts have been in part determined by Neville’s debt to the Western traditions of making sense of the supernatural. However, they assume new roles within the narrative and possibly also in the author’s vision of the peace process: i.e. in keeping Northern Ireland “fertile”.
John Dickson Carr’s Early Detective Novels and the Gothic Convention.
Authors: Kokot Joanna
Published: November 2019

Even if the Gothic romance may be considered as one of the predecessors of detective fiction, the world model proposed by the latter seems to exclude what was the essence of the former: the irrational underlying the proposed world model. However, some of detective novel writers deploy Gothic conventions in their texts, thus questioning the rational order of the reality presented there. Such a genological syncretism is typical - among others - of the novels by John Dickson Carr. The paper is an analysis of Gothic conventions and their functions in four earliest novels by Carr, featuring a French detective-protagonist, Henri Bencolin. It concentrates on elements of Gothic horror, on the atmosphere of terror as well as the motif of the past intruding the present.
Cultivating Community Partnerships as an ELL Teacher
Authors: Galicia Jana , Voss Kate
Published: November 2019

Let’s face it.  Being a teacher can be daunting for a variety of reasons.  We are pulled in a million different directions every minute of the day.  (Even during our preps and lunch breaks!) We are not just teachers.  We adopt so many different roles in order to meet the needs of our students. 
            In my quest to learn about effective family engagement practices I felt overwhelmed to add yet another role to my repertoire.   I quickly realized that, in order to engage families in a meaningful and collaborative way, I needed help.  In my quest, I was fortunate to experience multiple community partnerships that made engaging families feel more like creating lasting friendships and building bridges that crossed language and cultural barriers.
Academic Content as a Vehicle for Language Learning
Authors: Nunan Kendra , Capobianco Brenda
Published: November 2019

This study profiles an action research study conducted by a second grade teacher examining the different ways of leveraging academic content such as science and social studies as a means of enhancing students’ learning of language. The context of study was a second grade classroom housed within a small urban school where student performance on both school- and district-based assessments indicated that ELLs were 10-20% lower than English only students. State-wide math and reading achievement for ELLs in this school was lower than the overall population, and ELLs had the lowest percentage of students meeting their annual growth goals. Action strategies included an array of proactive instructional activities focused on speaking and writing derived from both science and literacy education literature. Student performance was measured using NWEA scores and a teacher-created speaking evaluation. Results indicated that students demonstrated significant growth in the use and frequency of academic vocabulary. Lessons learned and recommendations for teaching ELL using academic content in the elementary classroom are discussed.
Lojistik ve Tedarik Zinciri Süreçlerinde Büyük Veri Kullanımı ve Etkilerinin Analizi
Authors: İYİGÜN İsmail
Published: November 2019

Günümüzde
insanlık artık fiziksel veri depolama unsurlarına bağımlı değildir. Her geçen
gün artan bir biçimde verilerin toplandığı ve büyük veri “Big Data” adı verilen
devasa bir sistem bu gereksinimi ortadan kaldıracak gibi görünmektedir.
Lojistik süreçlerin yapısal olarak karmaşıklık düzeyinin yüksek olması ve bir
takım değişkenlerin operasyonların performansına önemli ölçüde etki etmesi
lojistik süreçlerin optimize edilmesine yönelik olarak veri gereksinimini
hayati düzeyde önemli hale getirmiştir. Dolayısıyla Büyük Veri’nin yakın bir
gelecekte lojistik süreçler için vazgeçilmez bir role sahip olacağı
öngörülebilmektedir. Bu çalışma Büyük Veri’nin lojistik süreçler üzerinde
meydana getirebileceği etkiler ile yaratacağı faydalar ve risklerini analiz
etmeye çalışmaktadır. Çalışma aynı zamanda Büyük Veri kullanımı sayesinde
toplam faydayı artırabilecek, risk ve maliyetleri azaltabilecek bir takım yöntem
ve uygulamaları önermektedir.
Inflammatory Tinea Capitis Mimicking Erosive Pustulosis of the Scalp
Authors: Alves Francisca , Batista Mariana , Gonçalo Margarida
Published: November 2019

N/a.
Translating Evidence into Practice: Insights on the Reporting of Trial Results to Health Professionals and Institutions
Authors: Firmino-Machado João , Mendes Romeu , Moreira Amélia , Lunet Nuno
Published: November 2019

N/a.
Effects of the combination of Er:YAG laser and sandblasting on the shear bond strength between zirconia and resin cement
Authors: Vasconcelos Urias Silva , Silva Thalisson Saymo de Oliveira , Silva Daylana Pacheco da , Sipaúba Graciela Maria Oliveira , Valente Valdimar da Silva , Zanetti Raquel Virginia , Moura Carmem Dolores Vilarinho Soares de
Published: November 2019

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the bond strength between zirconia ceramic and resin luting cement according to the type of surface treatment applied. Methods: Sixty zirconia cylinders measuring 4 x 4 mm were manufactured and distributed into five experimental groups and a control group (n = 10): G1 - sandblasting with 110 μm aluminum oxide; G2 - sandblasting with 30 μm Rocatec Soft®; G3 - Er:YAG laser irradiation at 400 mJ; G4 - Er:YAG laser combined with sandblasting with aluminum oxide; G5 - Er:YAG laser combined with sandblasting with Rocatec Soft®; G6 - no treatment (Control). The zirconia cylinders were bonded in the center of composite resin cylinders (6 mm diameter) using RelyX Ultimate® cement. Shear strength was measured after thermocycling (6000 cycles and 5-55° C). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc with a 5% significance level. Results: Group 4 had a significantly higher shear strength than all the other groups, except Group 1. Group 3 had a significantly lower shear strength compared with Groups 1 and 4. Conclusion: Sandblasting with 110μm aluminum oxide particles after laser irradiation may be an effective zirconia surface treatment. The use of Er: YAG laser alone is not effective at increasing the bond between resin cement and zirconia.
EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE INTENSITY ON JOB SATISFACTION
Authors: Utami Prasiska Ramadyaning , Sitohang Maria Kristine
Published: November 2019

Background: Organizations need to pay attention to the job satisfaction of their members to achieve their goals. In 2011, the Airlangga Healthcare Center surveyed job satisfaction with the target of 80%. However, the target has not been achieved.  Job satisfaction can be affected by several factors, and one of them is the culture within the organization.Aim: This study aims to analyze the effect of organizational culture intensity towards job satisfaction of the Airlangga Healthcare Center’s employees.Method: This study was conducted in November 2011 – June 2012 with a cross-sectional research design. The sample of the study used the population total technique. The independent variable of the research was the organizational culture intensity. While the dependent variable was job satisfaction. The data were analyzed descriptively by employing cross-tabulation analysis between organizational culture intensity and job satisfaction.Results: The most influential aspect of the organizational culture was cooperation that reached 73.9%. Job satisfaction aspects with a very satisfying level were job and co-worker aspects that reached 78.3%. The most influential aspect of organizational cultures that affect job satisfaction is trust that amounted to 83.3%. However, the organizational cultures affect job satisfaction with a percentage of  92.3% overall.Conclusion: The research concludes that the organizational culture intensity is a factor that affects job satisfaction of the employees at the Airlangga Healthcare Center. The recommendation for the organization is to improve the togetherness aspect of organizational cultures.Keywords: organizational culture intensity, job satisfaction, organization.
CONDICIONAMENTO MORFOESTRUTURAL DO INSELBERG PEDRA DA ANDORINHA, SERTÃO NORTE DO CEARÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Rodrigues Wesley Feitosa , Maia Rúbson Pinheiro , Gomes Daniel Dantas Moreira
Published: November 2019

O condicionamento morfoestrutural do Inselberg Pedra da Andorinha, foi investigado através de dados litoestruturais regionais e fotointerpretação do arranjo de fraturas locais, a partir de produtos aerofotogramétricos (ortomosaico e MDE) levantados com drone (VANT). Foram constatados aspectos geomorfológicos de um bornhardt associado a diversas feições epigênicas, suportado por litologia sienogranítica isotrópica, de textura fanerítica granular. O mapeamento estrutural identificou 13.698 fraturas, com direção principal a N10W, dispostas em um arranjo associado às disparidades topográficas da área de estudo. Porções do relevo com altas concentrações de fraturas correspondem a áreas rebaixadas, enquanto que as baixas quantidades são verificadas nas porções alçadas. Dessa forma, constatou-se que a densidade de fraturas condicionou a evolução do inselberg, possibilitando que o intemperismo diferencial fosse intensificado nas porções mais deformadas do terreno. Os relevos residuais encontrados na área de estudo foram exumados por processos erosivos, configurando núcleos de maior resistência a meteorização. Consequentemente, a morfologia da Pedra da Andorinha e o concomitante aplainamento de áreas em seu entorno são subordinados a um controle estrutural, cujo grau de dissecação é controlado pela densidade de fraturas.
THE USE OF THE RIVER STYLES FRAMEWORK AS A TOOL TO ‘WORK WITH NATURE’ IN MANAGING RIVERS IN BRAZIL: EXAMPLES FROM THE MACAÉ CATCHMENT
Authors: Brierley Gary , Fryirs Kirstie , Marçal Mônica dos Santos , Lima Raphael
Published: November 2019

Integrative approaches to land and water management apply scientifically informed policies that build upon a landscape template. The River Styles Framework supports the development and application of proactive, strategic and cost-effective management plans. This paper outlines eight key principles that build upon the River Styles Framework: (1) use a landscape template as an integrative platform; (2) respect the inherent diversity of river forms and processes; (3) work with variability, adjustment and change; (4) know your catchment, understanding patterns of river types and tributary-trunk stream relationships; (5) compare like with like in assessing geomorphic river condition; (6) forecast prospective river futures to set moving targets for management; (7) apply a conservation-first and recovery enhancement ethos in the development of visionary yet realistically achievable management plans that have a clear evidence base for prioritization of actions; and (8) monitor and learn effectively using adaptive management principles. The application of each of these principles is demonstrated using a case study from the Macaé Catchment in Rio de Janeiro State.
EVOLUÇÃO DE ESCARPAMENTOS EM MARGENS RIFTE: UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE SOERGUIMENTO E DESNUDAÇÃO NA MANTIQUEIRA MERIDIONAL A PARTIR DE MAPAS PALEOTOPOGRÁFICOS E PARÂMETROS GEOMORFOMÉTRICOS
Authors: Marques Neto Roberto , Moreira Juliana Alves , Da Silva Felipe Pacheco
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir aspectos evolutivos de escarpas em regiões tropicais a partir de estudos na Serra da Mantiqueira Meridional, - Brasil. Os grandes escarpamentos das bordas cratônicas do Brasil Sudeste figuram como sistemas geomorfológicos de evolução complexa que consorcia a regressão das escarpas aos diastrofismos neotectônicos, com basculamentos de blocos coadunando epirogênese positiva e formação de minigrábens. A retração erosiva dos fronts escarpados consorciada às solicitações morfotectônicas foi aqui discutida a partir de uma abordagem integrada, articulando o uso de mapas paleotopográficos e técnicas morfométricas aptas ao estudo de escarpas montanhosas e verificação de esforços tectônicos associados. Os resultados mostraram evidências de regressão em termos qualitativos e quantitativos, com soerguimento e formação de patamares escalonados, realçando o papel da tectônica cenozoica na manutenção dos grandes escarpamentos.
MICROMORFOLOGIA DE COLÚVIO-ALÚVIOS EM PALEOVOÇOROCAS COLMATADAS NAS SUPERFÍCIES DE CIMEIRA DE PINHÃO/GUARAPUAVA E PALMAS/CAÇADOR – SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Biffi Vitor Hugo Rosa , Paisani Julio Cesar
Published: November 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar as propriedades micromorfológicas dos depósitos de colúvio-alúvio que colmataram paleovoçorocas estabelecidas nas superfícies de cimeira de Pinhão/Guarapuava e Palmas/Caçador, inseridas no Planalto Vulcânico da Bacia do Paraná, visando aprofundar a compreensão dos processos genéticos envolvidos no estabelecimento de depósitos de colúvio-alúvios, bem como reconhecer características dos materiais da área fonte, processos deposicionais e transformações pós-deposicionais. Selecionou-se dois registros estratigráfico contendo paleovoçorocas colmatadas previamente descritos macroscopicamente, uma na superfície Pinhão/Guarapuava e outro na superfície de Palmas/Caçador. Foram coletadas um total de cinco amostras indeformadas dos sedimentos de colmatação das paleovoçorocas para análise micromorfológica, a qual contou com nomenclatura descritiva de Stoops (2003). Como resultados, verificou-se que a distribuição relativa dos constituintes é integrada, sendo enáulica para fácies arenosa e porfírica para a fácies lamosa. A primeira é constituída por agregados pedogênicos intrusivos (pedorrelíquias), cuja morfologia dos agregados reflete as condições de transporte ao longo da encosta por escoamentos laminar e/ou canalizado. Já a segunda, apresenta microestrutura maciça, indicando fluxo de lama. A fração grossa é constituída por quartzo, ilmenita, magnetita, nódulos lito- e pedomórficos, os quais indicam que a área fonte passou por elevado estágio de intemperismo. Revestimentos, hiporevestimento e quasirevestimento tanto de depleção quanto de impregnação, além de feições de preenchimento solto constituído de fração fina, bem como a fábrica com birrefringência manchada a pontilhada indicam migração do Fe e Mn da micromassa, resultam da circulação de água nos processos sindeposicioais e pós-deposicionais.  A baixa quantidade de poros-canais sinaliza a inexpressiva atividade biológica nos sedimentos de ambos os registros estratigráficos, indicando que as transformações pós-deposicionais estão em estágio inicial, não sendo suficiente para reorganizar os materiais pela pedogênese. A partir da análise micromorfológica dos materiais, foi possível verificar mudanças na viscosidade do escoamento superficial ao ser canalizado, gerando fácies arenosas e lamosas, sugerindo que na colmatação das paleovoçorocas houveram fluxos com diferentes concentrações de sedimentos no processo deposicional.
SIGNIFICADO DE DEPÓSITOS ALUVIAIS HOLOCÊNICOS EM AMBIENTE SEMIÁRIDO: ESTUDO DE CASO NA DEPRESSÃO SERTANEJA DA BAHIA
Authors: Lima Kleber Carvalho , Lupinacci Cenira Maria
Published: November 2019

Bacias de drenagem efêmeras e os seus depósitos aluviais, podem apresentar características que contribuem para o entendimento das dinâmicas climáticas ocorridas em escala de tempo do Holoceno. Embora sejam amplamente estudados em contextos semiáridos de diferentes países, no Brasil, o seu significado paleoclimático ainda é pouco conhecido. Nessa pesquisa, objetivou-se analisar as características de depósitos aluviais em duas bacias de drenagem de pequena dimensão areal, situadas no semiárido meridional, setor centro-norte da Depressão Sertaneja no Estado da Bahia, e compreender o seu significado à luz de condições climáticas holocênicas. Para isso, realizou-se o mapeamento geomorfológico de detalhe, a identificação de unidades aloestratigráficas, análise granulométrica e morfoscopia dos sedimentos, além da datação absoluta por Luminescência Opticamente Estimulada (LOE). Os depósitos aluviais apresentaram características associadas ao material litológico de origem cristalina e aos fluxos efêmeros, tais como [i] descontinuidade espacial ao longo do canal de drenagem; [ii] arquitetura deposicional indicativa de migração lateral e agradação do leito por fluxos laminares; [iii] predomínio de carga grosseira como cascalho e areia grossa, pobremente selecionada e; [iv] parâmetros estatísticos que sugerem a atuação de fluxos episódicos. Os eventos deposicionais ocorreram na transição Holoceno Médio – Holoceno Superior, entre 4.4 ka – 3.5 ka A.P. e entre 1.1 ka A.P. ao presente. Estes depósitos apresentam relações com condições climáticas secas estabelecidas nos últimos 4 ka, apontadas na literatura sobre este setor do semiárido brasileiro.
Detection of Hypochlorous Acid Using Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Methods: A Concise Discussion
Authors: Roy Biswajit , Mukherjee Somnath
Published: November 2019

The detection of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in low concentration has remained a hot research area because of its industrial and biological importance. Optical sensors, especially fluorescence probes are very efficient in serving the purpose. Both hypochlorous acid and its con-jugate base hypochlorite ion can oxidize electron-rich species. This may trigger a structural change in the molecular probe that, in turn, changes in optical properties of the probe. Such probes are also used for monitoring concentration levels of HOCl in real samples, such as aqueous environmental samples or an organism (or cell). The relevant biological studies can be performed by bioimaging techniques. This book gives a brief idea about the recent development regarding the colorimetric and fluorometric chemodosimeters for HOCl.
A Rationale for Using Sonoelastography in Thyroid Nodular Pathology
Authors: Timofeeva L. A. , Shubin L. B.
Published: November 2019

Objective. To provide a rationale for using sonoelastography (SEG) in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer (TC).

Material and methods. Thirty patients with thyroid nodules of various morphological structures were examined. The authors studied the data of SEG and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with monoclonal antibodies against types III and IV collagen (they evaluated the degree of the expressed collagen fibers). Analysis of variance, ROC analysis, and logistic regression were used (by comparing with the expression of collagens) to assess the predictive ability of ultrasound.

Results. The study showed that irregular and uneven contours, microcalcifications, and “the height greater than the width” were most significant among the ultrasound signs in the diagnosis of TC. Cool colors prevailed when performing SEG in the pattern of thyroid cancer. Purple-blue hues were predominantly recorded (p<0.05 with regard to benign nodules), green ones were less frequently. ROC analysis of compression elastography showed that the area under the curve was 0.785 (95% CI 0.740-0.826), sensitivity 78.1%, specificity 79.0%. Comparison of the data of IHC and SEG revealed a direct correlation of tissue elasticity with the degree of a stromal component and with the presence of collagen-containing structures.

Conclusion. SEG may suppose the probable nature of thyroid nodules on the basis of their morphological features. The low degree of the stromal component and the low content of types III and IV collagen make follicular colloid goiter and adenoma soft, which is recorded at SEG. TC is characterized by a high collagen level attributable to the characteristics of the metabolism of cancer cells, which makes them solid in the mode of SEG.
The Prognostic Value of the Results of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine Myocardial Scintigraphy in the Examination of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Referred for Its Interventional Treatment
Authors: Varlamova Yu. V. , Lishmanov Yu. B. , Kisteneva I. V.
Published: November 2019

Objective. To identify the scintigraphic predictors of the efficiency of interventional treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) by cardiac 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) radionuclide scanning.

Material and methods. The investigation enrolled 35 patients with AF concurrent with hypertensive disease (HD): 17 persons with persistent AF (PAF) and 18 patients with long-standing PAF (LPAF). In addition, 10 patients with HD without arrhythmia signs were examined as a comparison group. All the patients with AF before radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and those with sinus rhythm underwent 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy to assess the sympathetic innervation of the heart. The efficiency of RFA was evaluated after 12 months by 24-hour ECG monitoring.

Results. The patients of both groups were divided into subgroups according to the presence of recurrent arrhythmia one year after interventional treatment. ROC analysis could determine the main scintigraphic predictors of the efficiency of RFA. The preoperative indicators, in which the subgroups with and without recurrent AF showed significant differences, were studied. In the patients with PAF, the delayed Heart/ Mediastinum (H/M) ratio cutoff was ≥1.55 (the area under the ROC curve was 0.929; 100% sensitivity and 57% specificity), and the threshold value of 123I-MIBG washout rate was ≤22.3% (the area under ROC curve was 0.957; 100% sensitivity and 43% specificity) may suggest that RFA is effective. In the patients with LPAF, the threshold values of early H/M ratio were ≥1.69 (the area under the ROC curve was 0.849; 100% sensitivity and 62% specificity) and those of delayed H/M ratio were ≥1.66 (the area under the ROC curve was 0.938; 94% sensitivity and 23% specificity) allow the prediction of a risk for postoperative recurrent AF.

Conclusion. The findings suggest that 123I-MIBG scintigraphy can be used to predict a high risk for recurrent AF after RFA of the pathological pathways of a pulse in the myocardium.
Optimizing Nutrition Assessment to Create Better Outcomes in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Review of Current Practices
Authors: Weber Gulling Mara , Schaefer Monica , Bishop-Simo Laura , Keller Brian C.
Published: November 2019

Lung transplantation offers patients with end stage lung disease an opportunity for a better quality of life, but with limited organ availability it is paramount that selected patients have the best opportunity for successful outcomes. Nutrition plays a central role in post-surgical outcomes and historically, body mass index (BMI) has been used as the de facto method of assessing a lung transplant candidate’s nutritional status. Here we review the historical origins of BMI in lung transplantation, summarize the current BMI literature, and review studies of alternative/complementary body composition assessment tools, including lean psoas area, creatinine-height index, leptin, and dual x-ray absorptometry. These body composition measures quantify lean body mass versus fat mass and may provide a more comprehensive analysis of a patient’s nutritional state than BMI alone.
Popliteal Skin Lesion due to Wear Disease in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: van Veen Steven C. , Huizinga Maarten R. , van Raaij Jos J.A.M.
Published: November 2019

Case:

An 87-year-old woman presented with a popliteal skin lesion due to polyethylene wear 13 years following a left total knee arthroplasty. Excisional biopsy through a posterior approach was performed. Histology showed inflammation with granulomas and birefringent foreign body particles in the skin. Cultures remained negative, and revision knee arthroplasty was performed.

Conclusions:

A popliteal skin lesion due to polyethylene wear disease in total knee arthroplasty has not previously been described. Patients with an atypical inflammation of the skin with an underlying joint implant should be referred to an orthopaedic surgeon, and dermal biopsies should be checked for birefringent material.

Level of Evidence:

Level V.
Team Approach: Contemporary Treatment of Congenital Scoliosis
Authors: Karaarslan Umut Can , Gurel Ipek Ege , Yucekul Altug , Demirkiran H. Gokhan , Samdani Amer , Yilgor Caglar , Alanay Ahmet
Published: November 2019

» Congenital scoliosis is caused by developmental abnormalities such as failure of segmentation, failure of formation, or a combination of these conditions.

» The multi-organ nature of congenital scoliosis necessitates a team approach in which spinal and intraspinal deformities are treated by orthopaedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, and physical therapists, and associated anomalies are treated by pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, cardiologists, pulmonologists, and urologists.

» At the initial time of diagnosis, observation is appropriate for most cases. Although early arthrodesis may be appropriate for select cases, delaying tactics that are nonoperative (bracing and casting) or operative (growing rod and growth guidance) may preserve (or even stimulate) spine and chest cage development while controlling the deformity.

» Early hemivertebra resection and short-segment arthrodesis provide excellent outcomes.

» Patients with a neurological deficit may require neurosurgical intervention, which may be performed either before a deformity correction surgical procedure or simultaneously with the procedure.
TAPHONOMY OF THE LOWER JURASSIC KONSERVAT-LAGERSTÄTTE AT YA HA TINDA (ALBERTA, CANADA) AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR EXCEPTIONAL FOSSIL PRESERVATION DURING OCEANIC ANOXIC EVENTS
Authors: MUSCENTE A.D. , MARTINDALE ROWAN C. , SCHIFFBAUER JAMES D. , CREIGHTON ABBY L. , BOGAN BROOKE A.
Published: November 2019

Konservat-Lagerstätten provide the most complete snapshots of ancient organisms and communities in the fossil record. In the Mesozoic, these deposits are rarely found in marine facies outside Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) intervals, suggesting that OAEs set the stage for exceptional fossil preservation. Although anoxia does not guarantee survival of non-biomineralized tissues or articulated skeletons, other OAE phenomena may promote their conservation. Here, we test this hypothesis with a taphonomic analysis of the Konservat-Lagerstätte in the black shales and siltstones of the Jurassic Fernie Formation at Ya Ha Tinda (Alberta, Canada). This deposit contains crustacean cuticles, coleoid gladii with ink sacs and mantle tissues, and articulated skeletons of fish, crinoids, and ichthyosaurs. The fossils were preserved in the Pliensbachian and Toarcian (Early Jurassic) when euxinic conditions were common in the area, in part, due to the ∼183 Ma Toarcian OAE. Some of the fossils contain carbonaceous material, but the majority consists of apatite minerals, and phosphatic gladii demonstrate that some animals were preserved through secondary phosphate mineralization. Phosphatization generally occurs within phosphate-rich sediment, but oceanic anoxia causes sediment to release phosphorus and prevents animals from colonizing seafloor habitats. Accordingly, we propose that the animals were preserved during brief episodes of bottom water oxia and/or dysoxia, when the environment would have been most favorable to benthic communities and phosphate mineralization. In this setting, phosphatization may have been fueled by phosphate delivery from continental weathering in response to climatic warming, ocean upwelling of eutrophic water, and/or nutrient trapping by anoxia in the basin.
Industry Continues to Make Progress on Carbon Capture
Authors: Feder Judy
Published: November 2019

Does the world really want carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS)? The answer is an unequivocal “Yes,” say the International Energy Agency (IEA), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the United Nations, and many oil and gas companies, among others. The consensus is that rapid scaleup of CCUS is essential for meeting climate and emissions targets while not crippling economic growth. As much as 450 million Mt of CO2 could be captured, used, and stored globally with a commercial incentive as low as $40/Mt, according to the IEA. Yet this potential remains largely untapped.

“It’s a chicken-and-egg problem,” said Dan Cole, vice president of commercial development and governmental relations at Denbury Resources. “To address the challenges, more projects need to be built, but more aren’t being built,” said•Cole. •

The reasons are many. The engineering sector is trying to scale up relatively immature technologies outside of niche projects and experiencing growing pains. Uncertainty around policy and return on investment (ROI), or lack thereof, is pushing back or halting large-scale projects. Public sentiment is pushing ever harder against carbon of any type in favor of renewable energy.

CCUS encompasses four interrelated areas, each of which face its own distinct technological, financial, and perceptual challenges.

Capture

Transportation

Storage

Use/Reuse

Fig. 1 illustrates the CCUS process.

Carbon Capture—the Least Mature Area

Approximately two-thirds of the total cost of CCUS is attributed to carbon capture. Additionally, capturing and compressing CO2 is estimated to increase the cost per watt-hour of energy produced by 21–91% for fossil fuel power plants, and applying the technology to existing plants would be more expensive, especially if they are far from a sequestration site.

Of all the components of the CCUS process, capture is considered the least technologically mature. Belief is widespread that optimizing a CO2 capture process would significantly increase the feasibility of CCUS because transport and storage technologies are more•mature.

Capturing CO2 is most effective at point sources such as large fossil fuel or biomass energy facilities, industries with major CO2 emissions, natural gas processing, synthetic fuel plants, and fossil fuel-based hydrogen production plants.

CO2 also can be captured directly from the air through direct air capture (DAC) rather than at a point source. Carbon dioxide can be separated out of air or flue gas with absorption, adsorption, or membrane gas separation technologies. Absorption, or carbon scrubbing, with amines is currently the dominant capture technology. Membrane and adsorption technologies are still in the developmental research and pilot plant•stages.
Randomized Controlled Trials for Comparison of Laparoscopic Versus Conventional Open Catheter Placement in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Mei-lan , Wang Bo , Zhang Piao , zhang yong
Published: November 2019

Aim The application of laparoscopic catheterization technology in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has recently increased. However, the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic versus conventional open catheterization are still controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess complications of catheterization in PD patients and to provide a reference for the clinical choice of PD catheter placement technique. Methods We searched numerous databases, including Embase, PubMed, CNKI and the Cochrane Library, for published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results Eight relevant studies (n=646) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed a lower incidence of catheter migration (P: 0.03, OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.90) and malfunction (P: 0.008, OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.79) but a higher incidence of bleeding (P: 0.02, OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.18 to 8.97) with a laparoscopic approach than with a conventional approach. There was no significant difference in the incidence of obstruction (P: 0.24, OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.05 to 2.10), hernia (P: 0.20, OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.09 to 1.68), leakage (P: 0.23, OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.38 to 1.26), mechanical dysfunction (P: 0.90, OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.91), malfunction (P: 0.008, OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.79), perforation (P: 0.97, OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.06 to 15.42), peritonitis (P: 0.13, OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.42 to 1.12) or tunnel or exit-site infections (P: 0.49, OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.71 to 2.02). Conclusion Laparoscopic catheterization and conventional open catheter placement in PD patients have unique advantages, but laparoscopic catheterization may be superior to conventional open catheter placement. However, this conclusion needs to be confirmed with further large-sample-size, multi-centre, high-quality RCTs.