bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do State Ownership Imprints Affect Innovation in Family Firms? The Estimation and Inference of a Panel Model with a Time Trend
Authors: Ye Tao , Liu Vincenzo , Guo Xiao
Published: August 2023

In the realm of China’s bustling economy, a fascinating dynamic exists between family businesses and state-owned enterprises, characterized by a symbiotic relationship and collaboration. Many family firms today originate from state-owned enterprises. Hence, their earlier ownership institution can influence privatized family firms. However, the impact of this privatization on long-term strategic orientation is not clear. This study endeavors to shed light on this complex matter through meticulous examination, employing estimation and inference techniques through the use of a panel model with a discernible time trend. Combining both imprinting theory and institutional logic theory, this study finds that state ownership imprints intervene in the strategic outcomes of family firms: Privatized family firms induce a lower level of innovation as compared to non-privatized family firms. This research also finds that intergenerational succession weakens this effect while the proportion of state-owned shares strengthens it. Robustness tests, utilizing the PSM method, have been conducted to validate the credibility and reliability of the findings obtained through this study. The findings of this research serve as a testament to the ever-evolving dynamics and interconnectedness prevalent within the intricate tapestry of China’s economic landscape.
An Improved Human-Inspired Algorithm for Distribution Network Stochastic Reconfiguration Using a Multi-Objective Intelligent Framework and Unscented Transformation
Authors: Zhu Min , Arabi Nowdeh Saber , Daskalopulu Aspassia
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a stochastic multi-objective intelligent framework (MOIF) is performed for distribution network reconfiguration to minimize power losses, the number of voltage sags, the system’s average RMS fluctuation, the average system interruption frequency (ASIFI), the momentary average interruption frequency (MAIFI), and the system average interruption frequency (SAIFI) considering the network uncertainty. The unscented transformation (UT) approach is applied to model the demand uncertainty due to its being simple to implement and requiring no assumptions to simplify it. A human-inspired intelligent method named improved mountaineering team-based optimization (IMTBO) is used to find the decision variables defined as the network’s optimal configuration. The conventional MTBO is improved using a quasi-opposition-based learning strategy to overcome premature convergence and achieve the optimal solution. The simulation results showed that in single- and double-objective optimization some objectives are weakened compared to their base value, while the results of the MOIF indicate a fair compromise between different objectives, and all objectives are enhanced. The results of the MOIF based on the IMTBO clearly showed that the losses are reduced by 30.94%, the voltage sag numbers and average RMS fluctuation are reduced by 33.68% and 33.65%, and also ASIFI, MAIFI, and SAIFI are improved by 6.80%, 44.61%, and 0.73%, respectively. Also, the superior capability of the MOIF based on the IMTBO is confirmed compared to the conventional MTBO, particle swarm optimization, and the artificial electric field algorithm. Moreover, the results of the stochastic MOIF based on the UT showed the power loss increased by 7.62%, voltage sag and SARFI increased by 5.39% and 5.31%, and ASIFI, MAIFI, and SAIFI weakened by 2.28%, 6.61%, and 1.48%, respectively, compared to the deterministic MOIF model.
Variational Quantum Circuit Topology Grid Search for Hypocalcemia Following Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Salmeron Jose L. , Fernández-Palop Isabel
Published: August 2023

Quantum computing’s potential to revolutionise medical applications has spurred interest in leveraging quantum algorithms for healthcare challenges. In this research, the authors explored the application of variational quantum circuits to predicting hypocalcemia risk following thyroid surgery. Hypocalcemia, resulting from hypoparathyroidism, is a common post-surgical complication. This novel approach includes a topology grid search of the variational quantum circuits. To execute the grid search, our research employed a classical optimiser that guided the adjustment of different circuit topologies, assessing their impact on predictive performance. Our research used, as relevant features, an intra-operative PTH (parathyroid hormone) at 10 min post-removal and percentage decrease of pre-operative and intra-operative PTH levels. The findings revealed insights into the interplay between variational quantum circuit topologies and predictive accuracy for hypocalcemia risk assessment.
A Representation of the Drazin Inverse for the Sum of Two Matrices and the Anti-Triangular Block Matrices
Authors: Guo Li , Hu Guangli , Yu Deyue , Luan Tian
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a new formula for the Drazin inverse for the Sum of Two Matrices is given under conditions weaker than those used in some current literature. Further, we apply our results to obtain new representations for the Drazin inverse of an anti-triangular block matrix under some conditions, which also extend some existing results.
Free Vibration Analyses of Stiffened Functionally Graded Graphene-Reinforced Composite Multilayer Cylindrical Panel
Authors: Zhou Yuhua , Zhang Yanhu , Nyasha Chirukam Brighton , Li Jianwei , Lu Congshan , Babaei Masoud , Asemi Kamran
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the free vibration response of a stiffened functionally graded graphene nanoplatelet (GPL)-reinforced composite multilayer cylindrical shell panel is studied for the first time. The shell is stiffened by both stringers and rings. Additionally, the effect of reinforcing the shell panel, ring and stinger with GPLs is independently studied. Halpin–Tsai relations are employed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the shell panel, rings and stringers. The first-order shear deformation shell theory, accompanied by the Lekhnitsky smeared stiffener model, using the numerical finite element method and Hamilton principle, is employed to develop the governing motion equations of the shell panel. Four different types of GPL patterns, including FG-A, FG-X, FG-O and UD, are assumed across the thickness of the shell panel, rings and stringers. The effects of different factors, including various weight fractions and patterns of GPLs nanofillers, the geometry of the shell panel and stiffeners and two displacement boundary conditions, on the natural frequencies of the shell panel, have been studied.
Epidemiology of Hip Fractures Due to Falls
Authors: Ilic Irena , Ristic Branko , Stojadinovic Ivan , Ilic Milena
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: The epidemiological pattern of the hip fracture burden attributable to falls in Central European countries is still insufficiently known. The aim of this study was to assess the regional and national trends of hip fractures due to falls in Central Europe from 1990 to 2019. Materials and Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study, this descriptive epidemiological study presents trends in incidence of and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) from hip fractures due to falls in the region of Central Europe. All estimates (age- and sex-specific rates, and age-standardized rates) were expressed per 100,000. A joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess trends: the average annual percent change (AAPC) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated. Results: Among all new cases of hip fracture in the population as a whole in Central Europe in 2019, 3.9% in males and 7.0% in females were attributable to falls, while the share of hip fractures due to falls in the population aged 70 and over was 16.9% in males and 20.0% in females. About 400,000 new cases of hip fracture due to falls occurred in the Central European region in 2019 (220,000 among males and 160,000 among females), resulting in 55,000 YLDs (32,000 in females and 22,000 in males). About one-third of all new cases (59,326 in males and 72,790 in females) and YLDs (8585 in males, and 10,622 in females) of hip fractures due to falls were recorded in Poland. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rates of hip fracture due to falls showed a decreasing tendency in females (AAPC = −1.1%), and an increasing tendency in males (AAPC = 0.1%). Both in males and females, YLDs rates of hip fracture due to falls in the Central European region decreased (AAPC = −1.6% and AAPC = −2.4%, respectively). Conclusions: Hip fracture due to falls represents an important health issue in the Central European region, although incidences and YLDs declined in the most recent decades. However, further efforts to reduce the burden of hip fractures attributed to falls are needed.
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles and Immune Modulation of the Host
Authors: Charpentier Lily A. , Dolben Emily F. , Hendricks Matthew R. , Hogan Deborah A. , Bomberger Jennifer M. , Stanton Bruce A.
Published: August 2023

This article reviews the role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in mediating the interaction between Gram-negative bacteria and their human hosts. OMVs are produced by a diverse range of Gram-negative bacteria during infection and play a critical role in facilitating host–pathogen interactions without requiring direct cell-to-cell contact. This article describes the mechanisms by which OMVs are formed and subsequently interact with host cells, leading to the transport of microbial protein virulence factors and short interfering RNAs (sRNA) to their host targets, exerting their immunomodulatory effects by targeting specific host signaling pathways. Specifically, this review highlights mechanisms by which OMVs facilitate chronic infection through epigenetic modification of the host immune response. Finally, this review identifies critical knowledge gaps in the field and offers potential avenues for future OMV research, specifically regarding rigor and reproducibility in OMV isolation and characterization methods.
SiO2 Modification of Silicon Carbide Membrane via an Interfacial In Situ Sol–Gel Process for Improved Filtration Performance
Authors: Shi Shuangjie , Jian Kejie , Fang Minfeng , Guo Jian , Rao Pinhua , Li Guanghui
Published: August 2023

Silicon carbide (SiC) membrane has emerged as a promising class of inorganic ceramic membranes with many advantageous attributes and has been used for a variety of industrial microfiltration (MF) processes. The state-of-the-art industrial manufacturing of SiC membranes based on the particle sintering method can only achieve an average pore size that ranges from 40 nm to a few micrometers, which is still unsatisfactory for ultrafiltration (UF) applications. Thus, the pore size control of SiC membranes remains a focus of continuing study. Herein, we provide an in situ sol–gel modification strategy to tailor the pore size of SiC membranes by a superficial deposition of SiO2 onto the membrane surface and membrane pore channels. Our in situ sol–gel modification method is simple and effective. Furthermore, the physical characteristics and the filtration performance of the membrane can easily be controlled by the in situ reaction time. With an optimal in situ reaction time of 30 min, the average pore size of the membrane can be reduced from macropores (400 nm) to mesopores (below 20 nm), and the retention ability for 20 nm fluorescent PS microspheres can be improved from 5% to 93%; the resultant SiC/SiO2 composite membranes are imparted with water permeance of 77 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1, improved anti-protein-fouling properties, excellent performance, and anti-acid stabilities. Therefore, modified SiC/SiO2 membranes based on the in situ sol–gel process have great potential as UF membranes for a variety of industrial processes.
Lactobacilli Profile in Faecal Samples of Tunisian Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Chamtouri Mariem , Merghni Abderrahmen , Gaddour Naoufel , Mastouri Maha , Arboleya Silvia , de los Reyes-Gavilán Clara G.
Published: August 2023

Alterations in faecal lactobacilli in autistic children have been reported, but little is known related to age and disorder severity. We used a culture-based method and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing to isolate and identify lactobacilli strains from faeces of Tunisian autistic children (ASD group) and compared them with strains isolated from siblings (SIB) and children from the general population (GP). The ASD group displayed an increased number of different species compared to SIB and GP. Differences in species abundance with age accounted for a significant decrease in the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum/Lactiplantibacillus pentosus isolates in the GP at the age of 8–10 years compared to the age of 4–7 years, and to a significantly lower abundance of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus in the ASD group with respect to SIB and the GP at the age of 8–10 years. Simpson’s and Shannon–Wiener indices showed a more pronounced species diversity increase with age in the GP group compared to the ASD and SIB groups. Minor differences were found in lactobacilli prevalence and in species diversity between children with severe and mild-to-moderate ASD. Overall, we found substantial differences in the profile of faecal lactobacilli species in the ASD and GP groups at the age of 8–10 years.
Lelliottia amnigena and Pseudomonas putida Coinfection Associated with a Critical SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Birlutiu Victoria , Birlutiu Rares-Mircea , Dobritoiu Elena Simona
Published: August 2023

Lelliottia amnigena is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus identified from water sources and later from food (onions, cream, unpasteurized milk, and Spanish pork sausages), which, under certain circumstances, can cause infections in humans, especially in immunocompromised patients. Few cases of human infections have been reported in the literature, such as endophthalmitis, urinary tract infection, pyonephrosis, and sepsis. We describe the case of a 69-year-old Caucasian male patient who lives in an urban environment and presents himself to the emergency department with chills, fever, myalgias, marked physical asthenia, dry cough, dyspnea, symptoms for which he is tested and confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection using real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from nasal and pharyngeal swabs, after being admitted the same day (25 May 2023) to the Infectious Diseases Clinic from the County Clinical Emergency Hospital Sibiu, Romania. At the time of admission, a pulmonary computerized tomography (CT) scan was performed, which revealed a severity score of 10 out of 25. In the second week of the disease, the patient presents with hemoptysis, from which bacteriological examinations are carried out, and Pseudomonas putida and Lelliottia amnigena are identified. The evolution was slowly favorable under antiviral treatment, corticotherapy, antibiotic therapy (in the absence of the identified etiology, initially meropenem was administered in association with linezolid, and then ceftazidime-avibactam), voriconazole, anakinra, salbutamol inhaler, inhalation corticosteroids, with slow reduction in oxygen requirement, the patient continued oxygen therapy at home after discharge with a flow rate of 5 L/minute. During the third harvesting of sputum samples, P. putida was isolated along with L. amnigena, both strains of low-virulence species, and maintained susceptibility to antibiotics. In the context of an immunosuppressed patient with previous pulmonary surgery for actinomycosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchiectasis, all these conditions are favorable for biofilm formation. L. amnigena remains a pathogen rarely isolated in human pathology, but we should pay more attention, especially in the immunosuppressed patient, where it can be responsible for an extremely serious clinical picture.
Coxiella burnetii Femoro-Popliteal Bypass Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Azouzi Farah , Olagne Louis , Edouard Sophie , Cammilleri Serge , Magnan Pierre-Edouard , Fournier Pierre-Edouard , Million Matthieu
Published: August 2023

Cardiovascular infections are the most severe and potentially lethal among the persistent focalized Coxiella burnetii infections. While aortic infections on aneurysms or prostheses are well-known, with specific complications (risk of fatal rupture), new non-aortic vascular infections are increasingly being described thanks to the emerging use of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET-scan). Here, we describe an infection of a femoro-popliteal bypass that would not have been diagnosed without the use of PET-scan. It is well-known that vascular prosthetic material is a site favorable for bacterial persistence, but the description of unusual anatomical sites, outside the heart or aorta, should raise the clinicians’ awareness and generalize the indications for PET-scan, with careful inclusion of the upper and lower limbs (not included in PET-scan for cancer), particularly in the presence of vascular prostheses. Future studies will be needed to precisely determine their optimal management.
Optimization of Rhodococcus erythropolis JCM3201T Nutrient Media to Improve Biomass, Lipid, and Carotenoid Yield Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Engelhart-Straub Selina , Haack Martina , Awad Dania , Brueck Thomas , Mehlmer Norbert
Published: August 2023

The oleaginous bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis JCM3201T offers various unique enzyme capabilities, and it is a potential producer of industrially relevant compounds, such as triacylglycerol and carotenoids. To develop this strain into an efficient production platform, the characterization of the strain’s nutritional requirement is necessary. In this work, we investigate its substrate adaptability. Therefore, the strain was cultivated using nine nitrogen and eight carbon sources at a carbon (16 g L−1) and nitrogen (0.16 g L−1) weight ratio of 100:1. The highest biomass accumulation (3.1 ± 0.14 g L−1) was achieved using glucose and ammonium acetate. The highest lipid yield (156.7 ± 23.0 mg g−1DCW) was achieved using glucose and yeast extract after 192 h. In order to enhance the dependent variables: biomass, lipid and carotenoid accumulation after 192 h, for the first time, a central composite design was employed to determine optimal nitrogen and carbon concentrations. Nine different concentrations were tested. The center point was tested in five biological replicates, while all other concentrations were tested in duplicates. While the highest biomass (8.00 ± 0.27 g L−1) was reached at C:N of 18.87 (11 g L−1 carbon, 0.583 g L−1 nitrogen), the highest lipid yield (100.5 ± 4.3 mg g−1DCW) was determined using a medium with 11 g L−1 of carbon and only 0.017 g L−1 of nitrogen. The highest carotenoid yield (0.021 ± 0.001 Abs454nm mg−1DCW) was achieved at a C:N of 12 (6 g L−1 carbon, 0.5 g L−1 nitrogen). The presented results provide new insights into the physiology of R. erythropolis under variable nutritional states, enabling the selection of an optimized media composition for the production of valuable oleochemicals or pigments, such as rare odd-chain fatty acids and monocyclic carotenoids.
Zwartia vadi sp. nov., a Novel Species of the GKS98 Cluster Isolated from a Stream, and the Reclassification of ‘Achromobacter Panacis’ as Zwartia panacis comb. nov
Authors: Park Miri S. , Kang Ilnam , Cho Jang-Cheon
Published: August 2023

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by gliding, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated IMCC34845T, was isolated from a freshwater stream in the Republic of Korea. The results of 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses showed that strain IMCC34845T was affiliated with the genus Zwartia and was most closely related to ‘Achromobacter panacis’ DCY105T (100%) and Zwartia hollandica LF4-65T (98.9%). The whole-genome sequence of strain IMCC34845T was 3.2 Mbp in size with a 51.5% DNA G+C content. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain IMCC34845T and ‘Achromobacter panacis’ KCTC 42751T were 77.7% and 20.7%, respectively, revealing that they are independent species. Moreover, the strains IMCC34845T and KCTC 42751T exhibited ≤ 72.5% ANI and ≤18.5% dDDH values with closely related species Zwartia hollandica LF4-65T, further supporting that the two strains represent each novel species of the genus. The major respiratory quinone of strain IMCC34845T was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were C16:0 (41.3%) and C17:0 cyclo (34.5%). The major polar lipids of the strain were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified phospholipids, and unidentified aminolipids. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain IMCC34845T was considered to represent a novel species within the genus Zwartia, for which the name Zwartia vadi sp. nov. is proposed. The type of strain is IMCC34845T (=KCTC 92920T = NBRC 114902T). Furthermore, based on the taxonomic data, ‘Achromobacter panacis’ is proposed to be reclassified as Zwartia panacis comb. nov.
Pseudomonas PA14H7: Identification and Quantification of the 7-Hydroxytropolone Iron Complex as an Active Metabolite against Dickeya, the Causal Agent of Blackleg on the Potato Plant
Authors: Munier-Lépinay Euphrasie , Mathiron David , Quéro Anthony , Khelifa Mounia , Laclef Sylvain , Pilard Serge
Published: August 2023

Soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP), such as Pectobacterium and Dickeya, are phytopathogenic agents responsible for blackleg disease on several crops, such as potatoes, affecting the yield and depressing the seed production quality. However, neither conventional nor biocontrol products are available on the market to control this disease. In this study Pseudomonas PA14H7, a bacteria isolated from potato rhizosphere, was selected as a potential antagonist agent against Dickeya solani. In order to understand the mechanism involved in this antagonism, we managed to identify the main active molecule(s) produced by PA14H7. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) of PA14H7 cultures were extracted and analyzed using LC-MS, GC-MS, and NMR. We further correlated the biological activity against Dickeya solani of extracted CFS-PA14H7 to the presence of 7-hydroxytropolone (7-HT) complexed with iron. In a second time, we have synthesized this molecule and determined accurately using LC-UV, LC-MS, and GC-MS that, after 48 h incubation, PA14H7 released, in its CFS, around 9 mg/L of 7-HT. The biological activities of CFS-PA14H7 vs. synthetic 7-HT, at this concentration, were evaluated to have a similar bacteriostatic effect on the growth of Dickeya solani. Even if 7-HT is produced by other Pseudomonas species and is mostly known for its antibacterial and antifungal activities, this is the first description of its involvement as an effective molecule against pectinolytic bacteria. Our work opens the way for the comprehension of the mode of action of PA14H7 as a biocontrol agent against potato blackleg.
Hydrogen-Bond-Driven Peptide Nanotube Formation: A DFT Study
Authors: Parra Rubén D.
Published: August 2023

DFT calculations were carried out to examine geometries and binding energies of H-bond-driven peptide nanotubes. A bolaamphiphile molecule, consisting of two N-α amido glycylglycine head groups linked by either one CH2 group or seven CH2 groups, is used as a building block for nanotube self-assembly. In addition to hydrogen bonds between adjacent carboxy or amide groups, nanotube formation is also driven by weak C-H· · ·O hydrogen bonds between a methylene group and the carboxy OH group, and between a methylene group and an amide O=C group. The intratubular O-H· · ·O=C hydrogen bonds account for approximately a third of the binding energies. Binding energies calculated with the wB97XD/DGDZVP method show that the hydrocarbon chains play a stabilizing role in nanotube self-assembly. The shortest nanotube has the length of a single monomer and a diameter than increases with the number of monomers. Lengthening of the tubular structure occurs through intertubular O-H· · ·O=C hydrogen bonds. The average intertubular O-H· · ·O=C hydrogen bond binding energy is estimated to change with the size of the nanotubes, decreasing slightly towards some plateau value near 15 kcal/mol according to the wB97XD/DGDZVP method.
Gradual Analytics of Starch-Interacting Proteins Revealed the Involvement of Starch-Phosphorylating Enzymes during Synthesis of Storage Starch in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tubers
Authors: Castellanos Junio Flores , Khan Arsalan , Fettke Joerg
Published: August 2023

The complete mechanism behind starch regulation has not been fully characterized. However, significant progress can be achieved through proteomic approaches. In this work, we aimed to characterize the starch-interacting proteins in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree) tubers under variable circumstances. Starch-interacting proteins were extracted from developing tubers of wild type and transgenic lines containing antisense inhibition of glucan phosphorylases. Further, proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and characterized through mass spectrometry. Additionally, starch-interacting proteins were analyzed in potato tubers stored at different temperatures. Most of the proteins strongly interacting with the potato starch granules corresponded to proteins involved in starch metabolism. GWD and PWD, two dikinases associated with starch degradation, were consistently found bound to the starch granules. This indicates that their activity is not only restricted to degradation but is also essential during storage starch synthesis. We confirmed the presence of protease inhibitors interacting with the potato starch surface as previously revealed by other authors. Starch interacting protein profiles of transgenic tubers appeared differently from wild type when tubers were stored under different temperatures, indicating a differential expression in response to changing environmental conditions.
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.: A Promising Pharmaceutical Resource for Multiple Diseases
Authors: Cheng Xiaotian , Qin Minni , Chen Rongrong , Jia Yunxia , Zhu Qing , Chen Guangtong , Wang Andong , Ling Bai , Rong Weiwei
Published: August 2023

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae) is widely distributed in the desert areas of the world. The fruit bodies of C. colocynthis are recognized for their wide range of nutraceutical potential, as well as medicinal and pharmaceutical uses. The plant has been reported for various uses, such as asthma, bronchitis, cancer, colic, common cold, cough, diabetes, dysentery, and jaundice. The fruit has been extensively studied for its biological activities, which include insecticide, antitumor, and antidiabetic effects. Numerous bioactive compounds have been reported in its fruit bodies, such as essential oils, fatty acids, glycosides, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Of these, flavonoids or caffeic acid derivatives are the constituents associated with the inhibition of fungal or bacterial growth, whereas eudesmane sesquiterpenes or sesquiterpene lactones are most active against insects, mites, and nematodes. In this review, the scientific evidence for the biological activity of C. colocynthis against insecticide, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic effects is summarized.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment of Penicillin G in a Veterinary Product Using an Original Software Method and Monitoring by SPE-Online-UHPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Ciucă Viviana Carmen , Safta Victor Viorel , Rusănescu Carmen Otilia , Paraschiv Gigel , Deák György , Ilie Mihaela , Cănănău Sorin
Published: August 2023

Veterinary antibiotics have become a major concern due to potential environmental effects. This study presents an investigation of the exposure and environmental effects of the veterinary medicinal product in powder form, administered in the drinking water of piglets, chickens and turkeys, containing 250 mg/g penicillin G (benzylpenicillin potassium), performed according to the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) guideline and the results obtained by an analytical method based on online solid-phase extraction, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (SPE-online-UHPLC-MS/MS). The study presents the determination of the environmental risk and through an original, interactive, fast software method, created on the basis of a proprietary calculation algorithm that goes through all the prescriptions and recommendations of the EMEA guide. The results demonstrated that the concentration value for penicillin G determined in surface water by SPE-online-UHPLC-MS/MS is much lower than that predicted by calculation (predictable concentration in surface water, PECsurface water = 37.66 µg/L and the concentration SPE-online-UHPLC-MS/MS = 0.032 µg/L). Both results lead to a sub-unit risk quotient (R) indicating that the treatment carried out with the considered veterinary product does not present any risk to the environment.
Make the Quality Control of Essential Oils Greener: Fast Enantioselective GC-MS Analysis of Sweet and Bitter Orange as a Case Study
Authors: Bechis Gaia , Minteguiaga Manuel A. , Sgorbini Barbara , Marengo Arianna , Rubiolo Patrizia , Cagliero Cecilia
Published: August 2023

Quality control of essential oils is fundamental for verifying their authenticity and conformity with quality standards, ensuring their safety and regulatory compliance, and monitoring their consistency. Companies that produce or market essential oils routinely evaluate the quality and authenticity of their products. However, they also must deal with increasing attention to environmental sustainability as well as practical considerations such as productivity, cost, and simplicity of methods. In this study, enantioselective gas chromatography (GC) was adopted to evaluate the quality of sweet and bitter orange essential oils, used as a case study. The analytical conditions were optimized and translated to fast GC to evaluate the impact of this approach on the environmental footprint of the analyses. The greenness of fast GC, compared with conventional GC, was quantitatively evaluated using a dedicated metric tool (AGREE), and important improvements have been calculated. The developed methods were applied to a set of commercial essential oils, and the data about the enantiomeric composition and relative percentage abundance were elaborated through multivariate statistics (principal component analysis). The results showed that fast chiral gas chromatography enables the classification of citrus essential oil samples and can be considered an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach for evaluating their quality.
Redox-Regulated Magnetic Conversions between Ferro- and Antiferromagnetism in Organic Nitroxide Diradicals
Authors: Zhang Fengying , Zhang Zijun , Zhao Yali , Du Chao , Li Yong , Gao Jiaqi , Ren Xiaobo , Ma Teng , Li Boqiong , Bu Yuxiang
Published: August 2023

Redox-induced magnetic transformation in organic diradicals is an appealing phenomenon. In this study, we theoretically designed twelve couples of diradicals in which two nitroxide (NO) radical groups are connected to the redox-active couplers including p-benzoquinonyl, 1,4-naphthoquinyl, 9,10-anthraquinonyl, naphthacene-5,12-dione, pentacene-6,13-dione, hexacene-6,15-dione, pyrazinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenazinyl, 5,12-diazanaphthacene, 6,13-diazapentacene, and 6,15-diazahexacene. As evidenced at both the B3LYP and M06-2X levels of theory, the calculations reveal that the magnetic reversal can take place from ferromagnetism to antiferromagnetism, or vice versa, by means of redox method in these designed organic magnetic molecules. It was observed that p-benzoquinonyl, 1,4-naphthoquinyl, 9,10-anthraquinonyl, naphthacene-5,12-dione, pentacene-6,13-dione, and hexacene-6,15-dione-bridged NO diradicals produce antiferromagnetism while their dihydrogenated counterparts exhibit ferromagnetism. Similarly, pyrazinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenazinyl, 5,12-diazanaphthacene, 6,13-diazapentacene, and 6,15-diazahexacene-bridged NO diradicals present ferromagnetism while their dihydrogenated counterparts show antiferromagnetism. The differences in the magnetic behaviors and magnetic magnitudes of each of the twelve couples of diradicals could be attributed to their distinctly different spin-interacting pathways. It was found that the nature of the coupler and the length of the coupling path are important factors in controlling the magnitude of the magnetic exchange coupling constant J. Specifically, smaller HOMO-LUMO (HOMO: highest occupied molecular orbital, LUMO: lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) gaps of the couplers and shorter coupler lengths, as well as shorter linking bond lengths, can attain stronger magnetic interactions. In addition, a diradical with an extensively π-conjugated structure is beneficial to spin transport and can effectively promote magnetic coupling, yielding a large |J| accordingly. That is, a larger spin polarization can give rise to a stronger magnetic interaction. The sign of J for these studied diradicals can be predicted from the spin alternation rule, the shape of the singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs), and the SOMO-SOMO energy gaps of the triplet state. This study paves the way for the rational design of magnetic molecular switches.
Development of a Strategy for L-Lactic Acid Production by Rhizopus oryzae Using Zizania latifolia Waste and Cane Molasses as Carbon Sources
Authors: Yin Feng-Wei , Sun Xiao-Long , Zheng Wei-Long , Yin Long-Fei , Luo Xi , Zhang Ying-Ying , Wang Yan-Fei , Fu Yong-Qian
Published: August 2023

As a biodegradable and renewable material, polylactic acid is considered a major environmentally friendly alternative to petrochemical plastics. Microbial fermentation is the traditional method for lactic acid production, but it is still too expensive to compete with the petrochemical industry. Agro-industrial wastes are generated from the food and agricultural industries and agricultural practices. The utilization of agro-industrial wastes is an important way to reduce costs, save energy and achieve sustainable development. The present study aimed to develop a method for the valorization of Zizania latifolia waste and cane molasses as carbon sources for L-lactic acid fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae LA-UN-1. The results showed that xylose derived from the acid hydrolysis of Z. latifolia waste was beneficial for cell growth, while glucose from the acid hydrolysis of Z. latifolia waste and mixed sugars (glucose and fructose) from the acid hydrolysis of cane molasses were suitable for the accumulation of lactic acid. Thus, a three-stage carbon source utilization strategy was developed, which markedly improved lactic acid production and productivity, respectively reaching 129.47 g/L and 1.51 g/L·h after 86 h of fermentation. This work demonstrates that inexpensive Z. latifolia waste and cane molasses can be suitable carbon sources for lactic acid production, offering an efficient utilization strategy for agro-industrial wastes.
Novel Protocol for the Preparation of Porcine Bone Marrow Primary Cell Culture for African Swine Fever Virus Isolation
Authors: Puzankova Olga , Gavrilova Vera , Chernyshev Roman , Kolbin Ivan , Igolkin Alexey , Sprygin Alexandr , Chvala Ilya , Mazloum Ali
Published: August 2023

Isolation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a critical step towards the identification, titration, characterization, and even modification of the virus. Therefore, it is important to identify a suitable cell line that supports the efficient replication of ASFV for these purposes. This should be achieved even when starting with a low virus load, as in the case of isolating the virus from field samples. This article presents a detailed protocol on the preparation of porcine bone marrow primary (PBMP) cell culture, which has a high sensitivity towards ASFV, resulting in high viral yields with a minimal risk of bacterial contamination.
Advances and Obstacles in Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Non-Coding RNA Gene Knockout in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Basalova Nataliya , Illarionova Maria , Skryabina Mariya , Vigovskiy Maksim , Tolstoluzhinskaya Anastasia , Primak Alexandra , Chechekhina Elizaveta , Chechekhin Vadim , Karagyaur Maxim , Efimenko Anastasia
Published: August 2023

Non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) genes have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their widespread involvement in physiological and pathological processes and regulatory networks. The study of the function and molecular partners of ncRNAs opens up opportunities for the early diagnosis and treatment of previously incurable diseases. However, the classical “loss-of-function” approach in ncRNA function analysis is challenged due to some specific issues. Here, we have studied the potency of two CRISPR/Cas9 variants, wild-type (SpCas9wt) and nickase (SpCas9D10A) programmable nucleases, for the editing of extended DNA sequences in human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Editing the genes of fibrosis-related hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-29c-3p, we have shown that a pair of SpCas9D10A molecules can effectively disrupt miRNA genes within the genomes of MSCs. This leads not only to a decrease in the level of knockout miRNA in MSCs and MSC-produced extracellular vesicles, but also to a change in cell physiology and the antifibrotic properties of the cell secretome. These changes correlate well with previously published data for the knockdown of certain miRNAs. The proposed approach can be used to knock out ncRNA genes within the genomes of MSCs or similar cell types in order to study their function in biological processes.
Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol Structured Lipids Improve Endurance Performance
Authors: Tsuji Katsunori , Tsuchiya Yosuke , Yokoi Kaori , Yanagimoto Kenichi , Ueda Hisashi , Ochi Eisuke
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The effects of intake of STGs containing esterified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on cardiorespiratory endurance have not yet been reported. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of interesterified structured lipids EPA and MCTs on cardiorespiratory endurance. Methods: This 8-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group study involved 19 healthy men. The participants were randomly assigned to a group that received interesterified structured lipids EPA and MCTs (STG group, 9 participants) or a group receiving a PM of EPA and MCTs (PM group, 10 participants). The outcome measures were time to exhaustion (TTE) and time to reach the anaerobic threshold in the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) test, VO2peak, and anaerobic threshold. Results: The increase in TTE in the VO2peak test after the intervention period compared with before the intervention period was significantly greater in the STG group (53 ± 53 s) than in the PM group (−10 ± 63 s; p < 0.05). Similarly, the increase in time to reach the anaerobic threshold was significantly greater in the STG group (82 ± 55 s) than in the PM group (−26 ± 52 s; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the consumption of interesterified structured lipids EPA and MCTs improved endurance in humans.
Associations between Fatty Acid Intakes and Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Concentrations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Huybrechts Inge , Jacobs Inarie , Aglago Elom K. , Yammine Sahar , Matta Michèle , Schmidt Julie A. , Casagrande Corinne , Nicolas Geneviève , Biessy Carine , Van Puyvelde Heleen , Scalbert Augustin , Derksen Jeroen W. G. , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Grioni Sara , Amiano Pilar , Halkjær Jytte , Tjønneland Anne , Huerta José M. , Luján-Barroso Leila , Palli Domenico , Gunter Marc J. , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Chajès Véronique
Published: August 2023

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the correlations between dietary fatty acid (FA) intakes and plasma phospholipid (PL) FA levels in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Methods: The dietary intake of 60 individual FAs was estimated using centre-specific validated dietary questionnaires. Plasma PL FA concentrations of these FAs were measured in non-fasting venous plasma samples in nested case-control studies within the EPIC cohort (n = 4923, using only non-cases). Spearman rank correlations were calculated to determine associations between FA intakes and plasma PL FA levels. Results: Correlations between FA intakes and circulating levels were low to moderately high (−0.233 and 0.554). Moderate positive correlations were found for total long-chain n-3 poly-unsaturated FA (PUFA) (r = 0.354) with the highest (r = 0.406) for n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Moderate positive correlations were also found for the non-endogenously synthesized trans-FA (r = 0.461 for total trans-FA C16-18; r = 0.479 for industrial trans-FA (elaidic acid)). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that dietary FA intakes might influence the plasma PL FA status to a certain extent for several specific FAs. The stronger positive correlations for health-enhancing long-chain PUFAs and the health-deteriorating trans-FA that are not endogenously produced are valuable for future cancer prevention public health interventions.
Validation of the Scale on Parental Feeding Behaviors (ECOPAL) for Caregivers of Mexican Children
Authors: González-Torres Marina Liliana , Garza-Olivares Xochitl , Navarro-Contreras Gabriela , González-Orozco Lidia Alejandra
Published: August 2023

Parental feeding practices can be crucial to preventing childhood obesity. This study aimed to validate a self-applicable instrument for evaluating the diverse parental feeding behaviors of Mexican caregivers based on the theoretical constructs of coercive control, structure, and autonomy support. The scale’s content validity achieved significant values when assessed by expert judges, with moderate intensity in congruence (Kendall’s W = 0.462; p = 0.000) and clarity (Kendall’s W = 0.369; p = 0.001). The participants were 1185 Mexican adults (32.7 ± 7.6 years of age, 97% women, and 90% mothers) responsible for the main meal of at least one child (4.8 ± 3 years old). The data were subdivided randomly for an exploratory factor analysis (n = 581) and a confirmatory factorial analysis (n = 604). The first analysis grouped the items into 11 factors, with an accumulated variance of 63.9%. In the confirmatory analysis, a 10-factor model showed a better fit (CMIN = 1531.5, p < 0.001, CMIN/df = 2.20, RSEA = 0.045, CFI = 0.92, TLI, 0.91, and NFI = 0.87). The factors in this model were (1) the disposition of non-recommended foods, (2) nutritional education, (3) pressure to eat, (4) praise for healthy eating, (5) monitoring of consumption, (6) structured offer of fruits and vegetables, (7) consumption conditioning, (8) overt restriction, (9) guided choices, and (10) covert restriction. The Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.816. Therefore, this scale presents good psychometric properties with which to evaluate the frequency of child caregivers’ feeding behaviors in the context of ten different feeding practices in Mexico’s urban areas and contributes to the knowledge of current practices in the Mexican population. It also evaluates changes resulting from future interventions that promote eating practices that favor the formation of healthy eating habits.
Exploring Perceptions and Needs of Mobile Health Interventions for Nutrition, Anemia, and Preeclampsia among Pregnant Women in Underprivileged Indian Communities: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Choudhury Avishek , Shahsavar Yeganeh , Sarkar Krishnendu , Choudhury Murari Mohan , Nimbarte Ashish D.
Published: August 2023

According to the National Family Health Survey of 2021, about 57% of women aged 15–49 in India currently suffer from anemia, marking a significant increase from the 53% recorded in 2016. Similarly, a study conducted in southern India reported a 32.60% prevalence of preeclampsia. Several community-based initiatives have been launched in India to address these public health challenges. However, these interventions have yet to achieve the desired results. Could the challenges faced by traditional healthcare interventions be overcome through a technological leap? This study assesses pregnant mothers’ perceptions regarding mobile health interventions for managing anemia and preeclampsia. Additionally, the study captures their health awareness and knowledge. We conducted a survey with 131 pregnant mothers in three underserved villages in Jharkhand, India. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SEMinR package in R (Version 2023.06.0), utilizing the non-parametric partial least squares-structural equation modeling. We found that every household had at least one smartphone, with the respondents being the primary users. The main uses of smartphones were for calling, messaging, and social media. A total of 61% of respondents showed interest in a nutrition and pregnancy app, while 23.66% were uncertain. Regarding nutritional knowledge during pregnancy, 68.7% reported having some knowledge, but only 11.45% claimed comprehensive knowledge. There was a considerable knowledge gap regarding the critical nutrients needed during pregnancy and the foods recommended for a healthy pregnancy diet. Awareness of pregnancy-related conditions such as anemia and preeclampsia was low, with most respondents unsure of these conditions’ primary causes, impacts, and symptoms. This study serves as a critical step towards leveraging technology to enhance public health outcomes in low-resource settings. With the accessibility of mobile devices and an apparent willingness to utilize mHealth apps, compounded by the pressing need for improved maternal health, the impetus for action is indisputable. It is incumbent upon us to seize this opportunity, ensuring that the potential of technology is fully realized and not squandered, thus circumventing the risk of a burgeoning digital divide.
Gender Expression, Weight Status, and Risk of Experiencing Eating Disorders among Gender-Diverse Adults Assigned Male at Birth in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Vinitchagoon Thanit , Wongpipit Waris , Phansuea Phenphop
Published: August 2023

This study examines the association between gender expression, weight status, and the risk of experiencing eating disorders among gender-diverse adults assigned male at birth living in Bangkok, Thailand. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires to provide demographic data and anthropometric measures, and an Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) to determine the risk of experiencing eating disorders. The associations between gender expression, weight status, and the risk of experiencing eating disorders were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models. No significant differences were observed in weight-related variables based on gender expression. Participants self-described as feminine/androgynous had lower odds of experiencing a high risk of eating disorders compared to those self-described as masculine (odds ratio (OR) = 0.49; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.27, 0.88). A higher body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.14) and BMI discrepancy (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.24) were associated with higher odds of engaging in extreme weight-control behaviors. The risk of experiencing eating disorders among Thai gender-diverse adults assigned male at birth could differ across gender expression and weight status. Further research is needed to expand the understanding of these relationships and develop tailored intervention programs to mitigate the risk.