bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosomatische Rehabilitation bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit Rentenüberlegungen: Reha-Erfolg und therapeutische Beziehung
Authors: Henn Jessica , Kessemeier Franziska , Kobelt-Pönicke Axel , Bassler Markus , Schmidt Jürgen , Nübling Rüdiger
Published: March 2021

Ziel der Studie Rehabilitand(inn)en mit latentem oder manifestem Rentenwunsch gelten als Problemgruppe für eine erfolgreiche Reha-Teilnahme und anschließende berufliche Wiedereingliederung. Diese Patient(innen)gruppe zu erreichen, ist zum einen gesetzlicher Auftrag und zum anderen aus gesundheitlicher und wirtschaftlicher Perspektive von Bedeutung. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht Patient(inn)en, die zu Beginn ihrer Reha-Maßnahme überlegen, einen Antrag auf Erwerbsminderungsrente zu stellen. Fragestellungen sind, ob sich diese Personen hinsichtlich soziodemografischer Variablen und des Reha-Erfolgs von solchen ohne Rentenüberlegung unterscheiden und welche Patient(inn)en trotz Rentenüberlegung von ihrer Rehabilitation profitieren. Besonders berücksichtigt wird dabei die therapeutische Beziehung.

Methodik Die Daten entstammen der Routinedokumentation zweier Rehabilitationskliniken, die zwischen Oktober 2012 und Februar 2017 in stationärer psychosomatischer Rehabilitationsbehandlung erhoben wurden (N=8503).

Ergebnisse Rehabilitand(inn)en mit Rentenüberlegung waren etwas älter, häufiger arbeitsunfähig und bezogen häufiger Arbeitslosengeld. Bei beiden Gruppen zeigte sich bei Entlassung eine signifikante Reduktion der selbstberichteten Symptome. Innerhalb der Gruppe mit Rentenüberlegung berichteten Personen, die eine Symptombesserung angaben, von einer positiveren Beziehungszufriedenheit.

Diskussion/Schlussfolgerung Soziodemografische Ausgangsbedingungen und eine ausgeprägte Symptomatik von Patient(inn)en mit Rentengedanken sind Voraussetzungen, die eine psychosomatische Rehabilitation erschweren können. Dennoch berichten viele von einer Besserung der psychosomatischen Symptomatik und einer positiven therapeutischen Beziehung.
Berberine Ameliorates Glucose Metabolism in Diabetic Rats through the alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Related Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway
Authors: Wang Dingkun , Ren Yanlin , Sun Wei , Gong Jing , Zou Xin , Dong Hui , Xu Lijun , Wang Kaifu , Lu Fuer
Published: March 2021

Berberine is an isoquinoline derivative alkaloid extracted from Chinese herbs. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effect of berberine on glucose metabolic disorders. However, its specific mechanism is still unclear. Our study aimed to research the glucose-lowering effect of berberine in diabetic rats and to reveal the possible role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Diabetic rats induced by administration of a high-calorie diet and streptozocin tail vein injection were assessed by the oral glucose tolerance test. Then, the diabetic rats were divided into two groups, those with or without the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene downregulated, respectively, followed by treatment including berberine for 6 weeks. Results of this study show that the administration of berberine downregulated levels of fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin, and ameliorated insulin resistance in diabetic rats. Treatment with berberine inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, and upregulated acetylcholine levels in the serum and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene expression in the liver tissue. Meanwhile, berberine reversed elevated expression of cytokines interleukin-1β and TNF-α in the serum and downregulated nuclear factor κB expression. However, berberine administration showed no glucose-lowering or anti-inflammatory effect in diabetic rats in which alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene expression was downregulated, and acetylcholinesterase activity was also significantly inhibited. In conclusion, berberine may ameliorate glucose metabolism by activating the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
Utilization and reproducibility of World Endoscopy Organization post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer algorithms: retrospective analysis
Authors: Beaton David , Beintaris Iosif , Rutter Matthew D.
Published: March 2021

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed following a cancer-negative colonoscopy is termed post-colonoscopy CRC (PCCRC). In addition to calculating PCCRC rates, the World Endoscopy Organization (WEO) recommends review of individual PCCRC cases, including categorization into interval/non-interval PCCRCs, and root cause analysis to determine the most plausible explanation. We aimed to test the usability, reproducibility, and outcomes of the WEO algorithms.

Methods All CRC cases diagnosed from January 2015 to December 2016 in a single organization were cross referenced with local endoscopy and pathology databases to identify cases of PCCRC. We assessed: 1) WEO most plausible explanation for PCCRC; and 2) WEO PCCRC interval/non-interval subtype categorization. Interobserver agreement was measured using Cohen’s kappa (κ). Cases with interobserver variation underwent panel discussion to reach consensus.

Results Among 527 patients with CRC, 48 PCCRCs were identified. A consistent most plausible explanation was found in 97 % of cases, showing almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.94). Most PCCRCs (66 %) were attributed to “possible missed lesion, prior examination adequate.” Interval/non-interval categorization was consistent in 77 %, showing substantial agreement (κ = 0.67). Following panel discussion, consensus was reached in all cases. Overall, 15 % were categorized as interval and 85 % as non-interval PCCRCs (12 % type A, 31 % type B, and 42 % type C).

Conclusions Review of PCCRC cases using WEO recommendations was performed accurately at a local level using readily available clinical information. The high number of non-interval type B PCCRCs suggests a significant proportion of PCCRCs could be avoided by better adherence to recommended surveillance intervals.
Multi-dimensional q-deformed bosonic Newton oscillators and the related q-calculus, q-coherent states, and Hermite q-polynomials
Authors: Chung Won Sang , Algin Abdullah
Published: March 2021

The multi-dimensional q-deformed bosonic Newton oscillator algebra with SU(d)-symmetry is considered. In this framework, we first introduce some new properties concerning the q-deformed calculus related to the algebra, and we then discuss possible consequences of applying these deformed oscillators in some quantum optical issues such as in the construction of coherent states and their effects on the photon statistics. Second, we investigate the role of q-deformation on both the energy levels and the wave functions of the bosonic Newton oscillators by constructing the q-deformed Hermite polynomials. The results obtained in this work might have some implications for studies on quantum information based technologies such as in photonic quantum computing.
Effects of the nanotube length and network morphology on the deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of cross-linked carbon nanotube films
Authors: Banna Abu Horaira , Kayang Kevin W. , Volkov Alexey N.
Published: March 2021

The effects of the carbon nanotube (CNT) length and material structure on the mechanical properties of free-standing thin CNT films with continuous networks of bundles of nanotubes and covalent cross-links are studied in large-scale simulations. The simulations are performed based on a dynamic mesoscopic model that accounts for stretching and bending of CNTs, van der Waals interaction between nanotubes, and inter-tube cross-links. It is found that the tensile modulus and strength of the CNT films strongly increase with increasing CNT length, but the effect of the nanotube length is altered by the cross-link density. The mutual effect of the nanotube length and cross-link density on the modulus and strength is primarily determined by a single parameter that is equal to the average number of cross-links per nanotube. The modulus and strength, as functions of this parameter, follow the power-type scaling laws with strongly different exponents. The film elongation at the maximum stress is dominated by the value of the cross-link density. The dispersion of nanotubes without formation of thick bundles results in a few-fold increase in the modulus and strength. The variation of the film properties is explained by the effects of the CNT length, cross-link density, and network morphology on the network connectivity. The in-plane compression results in the collective bending of nanotubes and folding of the whole film with only minor irreversible changes in the film structure. Depending on the CNT length, the reliefs of the folded films vary from a complex two-dimensional landscape to a quasi-one-dimensional wavy surface.
Giant electrostrictive coefficient in rapidly cooled nanodisordered KTa1−xNbxO3 lead-free single crystals
Authors: Shang Annan , Chen Chang-Jiang , Liu Ruijia , Lee Yun Goo , Chao Ju-Hung , Yin Shizhuo
Published: March 2021

The temperature dependent electrostrictive effect, with respect to increasing the cooling rate to a cooling temperature, was quantitatively investigated in potassium tantalate niobate (KTN) lead-free single crystals above and near Curie temperature (TC). High work-function Pt electrodes are used to minimize the effect of charge injection, and the electric field induced displacement was measured with Michelson interferometry. It was found that a giant electrostrictive coefficient of 696 × 10−16 m2/V2 could be obtained at a high cooling rate of 0.75 °C/s to a temperature of TC + 4.5 °C due to the evolution of polar nano-regions, which is one order of magnitude larger than the previously reported value in KTN crystals. This strengthens the realization of replacing toxic lead-based electrostrictive materials with environmentally friendly KTN materials in real world applications.
Influence of stagnant zones on solute transport in heterogeneous porous media at the pore scale
Authors: Zhang Chunwei , Kaito Kazuki , Hu Yingxue , Patmonoaji Anindityo , Matsushita Shintaro , Suekane Tetsuya
Published: March 2021

Solute transport in porous media is sensitive to heterogeneity at all scales. However, the pore-scale solute transport behavior may considerably affect the behavior at larger scales. Here, a multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method with Flekkøy's mass transfer scheme is employed for simulating the fluid flow and solute transport in three-dimensional porous media obtained from high-resolution micro focus x-ray computed tomography, namely, randomly packed glass beads and four consolidated sandstones with an increasing level of heterogeneity, i.e., Fontainebleau, Berea, Takoh, and Shirahama. The flow field heterogeneity is carefully resolved for each porous media in terms of streamlines, Eulerian velocity fields, and the ratio of stagnant zones, which is consistent with the sequence of coordination numbers. Dispersion results show that Fick's law is satisfied well for glass beads, whereas early arrivals and late-time tailings are observed for heterogeneous rocks from the residence time distribution. Then, the dispersion coefficient is calculated using the time moment method, indicating that more heterogeneous porous media exhibit larger dispersion coefficients. The scalar dissipation rate (SDR) is resolved to characterize the mixing state. Two distinctive time regimes are recognized for heterogeneous rocks, separating at around 10 convective time scales. At a later time, a universal power-law scaling of SDR with time is observed, with the power-law γ being approximately 1.5 for glass beads (indicative of Fickian dispersion) and 2–3 for heterogeneous rocks. Finally, the significance of the mass transfer rate between the mobile and stagnant zones on the mechanical dispersion is evaluated in terms of the Damhöhler (Da) number.
Impact of surface state on polyethylene glycol conformation confined inside a nanopore
Authors: Arroyo Nicolas , Balme Sebastien , Picaud Fabien
Published: March 2021

Solid-state nanopores are a promising platform for characterizing proteins. In order to improve their lifetime and prevent fouling, Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) grafting is one of the most efficient and low-cost solutions. Different models to calculate the PEG thickness do not consider their interaction with the nanopore inner surface nor the effect of confinement. Here, we investigate by molecular dynamic simulation the PEG conformation inside a nanopore in the case of hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanopores. Our results reveal that the nanopore inner surface plays a role in the PEG organization and, thus, in the speed of the salt constituent. The resulting pair interaction between PEG and its environment clearly shows a more important affinity for K+ compared to Li+ cations.
Direct time delay computation applied to the O + O2 exchange reaction at low energy: Lifetime spectrum of O3* species
Authors: Privat Erwan , Guillon Grégoire , Honvault Pascal
Published: March 2021

We report full quantum dynamical calculations for lifetimes of scattering resonances, among which are true metastable states, of the intermediate heavy ozone complex 50O3* of the 18O + 16O16O reaction, for any value of the total angular momentum quantum number J. We show that computations for nonzero values of J are mandatory in order to properly analyze resonances and time delays, with a view to establish a somewhat comprehensive eigenlife spectrum of the complex O3*. Calculations have been performed in a given low to moderate energy range, including the interval between zero-point energies (ZPEs) of reagents and product species. Quasi-bound states tend to be more numerous, and eigenlifetimes themselves are seen to increase with J, reaching unusually large values for J = 30. A very dense forest of O3* species is pictured already for J greater than 20, especially at the highest energies considered, leading to a quasi-continuum of metastable states. On the contrary, they appear as rather sparse and isolated at J = 0 and lower energies, including the domain between 18O16O and 16O16O ZPEs, embedded among many overlapping resonances that turn out to be not long-lived enough to be associated with genuine metastable states.
Acoustic cloak designed by topology optimization for acoustic–elastic coupled systems
Authors: Fujii Garuda , Takahashi Masayuki , Akimoto Youhei
Published: March 2021

By including acoustic-elastic interactions in a topology optimization based on the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy, we developed acoustic cloaks of optimal design that render an object unobservable through airborne and water-borne sounds. This strategy helps in exploring optimal topologies that minimize the scattering of airborne and water-borne sounds around acoustic cloaks made from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymers frequently used as ink in 3D printers. By applying level set methods, our designed cloaks are expressed as iso-surfaces representing the sharp structural boundaries between the acoustic and elastic media. On these boundaries, conditions that couple the elastic and acoustic aspects of the scattering are imposed. Furthermore, our cloak designs ensure that scatterers are unobservable to sound waves of multiple frequencies incident from various angles by minimizing the fitness incorporating multiple objective functions under several structural symmetries.
Near-resonant effects in the quantum dynamics of the H + H2+ → H2 + H+ charge transfer reaction and isotopic variants
Authors: Sanz-Sanz Cristina , Aguado Alfredo , Roncero Octavio
Published: March 2021

The non-adiabatic quantum dynamics of the H + H2+ → H2 + H+ charge transfer reactions, and some isotopic variants, is studied with an accurate wave packet method. A recently developed 3 × 3 diabatic potential model is used, which is based on very accurate ab initio calculations and includes the long-range interactions for ground and excited states. It is found that for initial H2+(v = 0), the quasi-degenerate H2(v′ = 4) non-reactive charge transfer product is enhanced, producing an increase in the reaction probability and cross section. It becomes the dominant channel from collision energies above 0.2 eV, producing a ratio between v′ = 4 and the rest of v’s, which that increase up to 1 eV. The H + H2+ → H2+ + H exchange reaction channel is nearly negligible, while the reactive and non-reactive charge transfer reaction channels are of the same order, except that corresponding to H2(v′ = 4), and the two charge transfer processes compete below 0.2 eV. This enhancement is expected to play an important vibrational and isotopic effect that needs to be evaluated. For the three proton case, the problem of the permutation symmetry is discussed when using reactant Jacobi coordinates.
Parameterization of a linear vibronic coupling model with multiconfigurational electronic structure methods to study the quantum dynamics of photoexcited pyrene
Authors: Aleotti Flavia , Aranda Daniel , Yaghoubi Jouybari Martha , Garavelli Marco , Nenov Artur , Santoro Fabrizio
Published: March 2021

With this work, we present a protocol for the parameterization of a Linear Vibronic Coupling (LVC) Hamiltonian for quantum dynamics using highly accurate multiconfigurational electronic structure methods such as RASPT2/RASSCF, combined with a maximum-overlap diabatization technique. Our approach is fully portable and can be applied to many medium-size rigid molecules whose excited state dynamics requires a quantum description. We present our model and discuss the details of the electronic structure calculations needed for the parameterization, analyzing critical situations that could arise in the case of strongly interacting excited states. The protocol was applied to the simulation of the excited state dynamics of the pyrene molecule, starting from either the first or the second bright state (S2 or S5). The LVC model was benchmarked against state-of-the-art quantum mechanical calculations with optimizations and energy scans and turned out to be very accurate. The dynamics simulations, performed including all active normal coordinates with the multilayer multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method, show good agreement with the available experimental data, endorsing prediction of the excited state mechanism, especially for S5, whose ultrafast deactivation mechanism was not yet clearly understood.
Learning interpretable descriptors for the fatigue strength of steels
Authors: He Ning , Ouyang Runhai , Qian Quan
Published: March 2021

While the new paradigm of data-driven materials science has proven efficient in accelerated materials discovery, one challenge is whether the data-driven methods could deliver interpretable models that provide scientific insights in addition to accuracy. In this work, with the example of data-driven materials design for high-strength steels, we compared the efficiency of the recent Sure Independence Screening and Sparsifying Operator (SISSO) with several other conventional machine learning methods, Support Vector Regression (SVR), Decision Tree (DTe), and Gradient Boost Decision Tree (GBDT). The results show that SISSO gives interpretable and simple descriptors, while the accuracy is comparable to that of the relatively “black-box” model from SVR, GBDT, and DTe. The best SISSO descriptor was found to be scientifically consistent with that in previous studies. In addition, we show that combining with particle swarm optimization, the simple and explicit expression of the descriptor also bears advantages in reverse materials design, which is a general way for machine learning to not only predict but also tell what is the next possible action to be done.
Voltage-controlled spin-wave intermodal coupling in lateral ensembles of magnetic stripes with patterned piezoelectric layer
Authors: Grachev A. A. , Beginin E. N. , Sheshukova S. E. , Sadovnikov A. V.
Published: March 2021

Here we report about the strain-tuned dipolar spin-wave coupling in the adjacent system of yttrium iron garnet stripes, which were strain-coupled with the patterned piezoelectric layer. Spatially-resolved laser ablation technique was used for structuring the surface of the piezoelectric layer and electrodes on top of it. Using a phenomenological model based on coupled modes equation, we demonstrate a voltage-controlled intermodal coupling in lateral magnonic stripes. The features of the tunable spin-wave coupling by changing the geometric parameters and the type of magnetization is demonstrated.
Quadruple ultrasound, photoacoustic, optical coherence, and fluorescence fusion imaging with a transparent ultrasound transducer
Authors: Park Jeongwoo , Park Byullee , Kim Tae Yeong , Jung Sungjin , Choi Woo June , Ahn Joongho , Yoon Dong Hee , Kim Jeongho , Jeon Seungwan , Lee Donghyun , Yong Uijung , Jang Jinah , Kim Won Jong , Kim Hong Kyun , Jeong Unyong , Kim Hyung Ham , Kim Chulhong
Published: March 2021

Significance

Multimodal imaging based on optics and ultrasound can provide guide images and complementary structural and functional information, thus improving the accuracy of medical diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, because conventional ultrasound transducers are opaque, in multimodal imaging with optics, the optical devices must be placed off-axis from the ultrasound transducer. This off-axis arrangement is prone to misalignment, adds complexity and bulk to the system, and can result in a low signal-to-noise-ratio. Here, we present a transparent ultrasound transducer at the heart of a quadruple fusion imaging system that seamlessly integrates ultrasound imaging, photoacoustic imaging, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescence imaging, and we demonstrate the system’s use in imaging responses to both ophthalmologic injuries and oncologic diseases.
JNK signaling prevents biliary cyst formation through a CASPASE-8–dependent function of RIPK1 during aging
Authors: Müller Katrin , Honcharova-Biletska Hanna , Koppe Christiane , Egger Michèle , Chan Lap Kwan , Schneider Anne T. , Küsgens Lena , Böhm Friederike , Boege Yannick , Healy Marc E. , Schmitt Johannes , Comtesse Sarah , Castoldi Mirco , Preisinger Christian , Szydlowska Marta , Focaccia Enrico , Gaisa Nadine T. , Loosen Sven H. , Jörs Simone , Tacke Frank , Roderburg Christoph , Keitel Verena , Bode Johannes G. , Boor Peter , Davis Roger J. , Longerich Thomas , Geisler Fabian , Heikenwalder Mathias , Weber Achim , Vucur Mihael , Luedde Tom
Published: March 2021

Significance

JNK signaling has been studied intensively in models of liver physiology and disease, but previous studies had focused on young mice. However, it had not been recognized that JNK plays a fundamental role in maintaining liver homeostasis and preventing the formation of biliary cysts in aging mice. These observations call for caution in all long-term pharmacological inhibition strategies targeting the JNK pathway. Finally, our results provide evidence of a molecular link between JNK and the cell-death mediator RIPK1. The specific overexpression of RIPK1 in cysts of a subset of patients with polycystic liver disease suggests that RIPK1 might be mechanistically involved in the pathogenesis of human biliary cysts.
Screening for gene expression fluctuations reveals latency-promoting agents of HIV
Authors: Lu Yiyang , Bohn-Wippert Kathrin , Pazerunas Patrick J. , Moy Jennifer M. , Singh Harpal , Dar Roy D.
Published: March 2021

Significance

Strategies to stabilize and suppress the latent cell reservoir of HIV have been proposed and need to be carefully examined. We demonstrate the use of time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to quantify HIV gene-expression dynamics and detect several latency-promoting agents (LPAs) that would be overlooked when screening for mean gene expression alone. These LPAs are structurally and functionally related to inhibitors of the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase redox pathway, which has been suggested as a promising HIV target. Some LPAs are Food and Drug Administration–approved and commercially available and can expand the currently limited LPA repertoire. This study provides a foundation to research suppression mechanisms of HIV gene expression, alternative latency-promoting therapies, and ultimately remove the need for antiretroviral therapy in patients.
Hexokinase 2 discerns a novel circulating tumor cell population associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients
Authors: Yang Liu , Yan Xiaowei , Chen Jie , Zhan Qiong , Hua Yingqi , Xu Shili , Li Ziming , Wang Zhuo , Dong Yu , Zuo Dongqing , Xue Min , Tang Yin , Herschman Harvey R. , Lu Shun , Shi Qihui , Wei Wei
Published: March 2021

Significance

This work demonstrates that HK2-based assay can resolve a novel HK2
high
/CK
neg
CTC population with consistent genomic CNV but distinct transcriptome signatures compared to the CK
pos
counterpart in NSCLC patients. CK expression levels are found independent of cellular EMT status in these CTCs and may be related to distinct dissemination mechanisms in different types of body fluids. Selective association of CK subtypes in CTCs with patient
EGFR
mutation types may contribute to suboptimal EGFR inhibitor therapeutic efficacy in
EGFR

L858R

mutant tumors, enabling prediction of patients with poor prognosis before therapy. More generally, HK2, as a metabolic function–associated marker, is likely to be useful in identifying CTCs from patients with a wide variety of cancers, independent of epithelial traits.
Long-read assembly of a Great Dane genome highlights the contribution of GC-rich sequence and mobile elements to canine genomes
Authors: Halo Julia V. , Pendleton Amanda L. , Shen Feichen , Doucet Aurélien J. , Derrien Thomas , Hitte Christophe , Kirby Laura E. , Myers Bridget , Sliwerska Elzbieta , Emery Sarah , Moran John V. , Boyko Adam R. , Kidd Jeffrey M.
Published: March 2021

Significance

Advancements in long-read DNA sequencing technologies provide more comprehensive views of genomes. We used long-read sequences to assemble a Great Dane dog genome that provides several improvements over the existing reference derived from a Boxer. Assembly comparisons revealed that gaps in the Boxer assembly often occur at the beginning of protein-coding genes and have a high-GC content, which likely reflects limitations of previous technologies in resolving GC-rich sequences. Dimorphic LINE-1 and SINEC retrotransposons represent the predominant differences between the Great Dane and Boxer assemblies. Proof-of-principle experiments demonstrated that expression of a canine LINE-1 could promote the retrotransposition of itself and a SINEC_Cf consensus sequence in cultured human cells. Thus, ongoing retrotransposon activity is a major contributor to canine genetic diversity.
A unique C2 domain at the C terminus of Munc13 promotes synaptic vesicle priming
Authors: Padmanarayana Murugesh , Liu Haowen , Michelassi Francesco , Li Lei , Betensky Daniel , Dominguez Matthew J. , Sutton R. Bryan , Hu Zhitao , Dittman Jeremy S.
Published: March 2021

Significance

Rapid communication between neurons relies on the precise coordination of several presynaptic active-zone proteins. Munc13/UNC-13 is the centerpiece of this deeply conserved process, and several domains of this large cytoplasmic protein serve specific roles such as coordinating SNARE protein assembly, integrating calcium and lipid signals, and bringing synaptic vesicles close to the plasma membrane, although a mechanistic understanding of these critical steps is lacking. Here, we describe for the first time a novel C2 domain (HC2M) at the C terminus of UNC-13 that helps to bind synaptic vesicles to the plasma membrane in preparation for fusion. We demonstrate the impact of HC2M loss on nervous system function and characterize its structural, biochemical, and evolutionarily conserved features.
A class of independently evolved transcriptional repressors in plant RNA viruses facilitates viral infection and vector feeding
Authors: Li Lulu , Zhang Hehong , Chen Changhai , Huang Haijian , Tan Xiaoxiang , Wei Zhongyan , Li Junmin , Yan Fei , Zhang Chuanxi , Chen Jianping , Sun Zongtao
Published: March 2021

Significance

To accomplish the infection cycle, plant viruses usually employ various pathogenic factors to inhibit host antiviral defense. Revealing pathogenic mechanisms conserved among different viruses is essential for developing broad-spectrum disease control. Here, we show that a class of independently evolved transcriptional repressors is widely present in different plant viruses. Despite the diverse sequences and different evolutionary origins, these transcriptional repressors all modulate JA signaling by inhibiting the transcriptional activation of OsMYC transcription factors, disassociating the OsMED25-OsMYC complex, and cooperating with OsJAZ to improve their transcriptional repression activity. This facilitates viral infection and enhances vector feeding. Our findings reveal key functions of the transcriptional repressors in plant viruses and shed light on the general mechanism of viral pathogenicity and vector transmission.
Genetic deletion of Nox4 enhances cancerogen-induced formation of solid tumors
Authors: Helfinger Valeska , Freiherr von Gall Florian , Henke Nina , Kunze Michael M. , Schmid Tobias , Rezende Flavia , Heidler Juliana , Wittig Ilka , Radeke Heinfried H. , Marschall Viola , Anderson Karen , Shah Ajay M. , Fulda Simone , Brüne Bernhard , Brandes Ralf P. , Schröder Katrin
Published: March 2021

Significance

The stereotype of ROS produced by NADPH oxidases as cause of malignant diseases persists in a generalized manner. In fact, high levels of ROS formation could be harmful in the context of a disease process. This study demonstrates that loss of the NADPH oxidase Nox4, as a constitutive source of ROS, promotes cancerogen-induced formation of solid tumors. Accordingly, a certain tonic, constitutive low level of Nox4-derived hydrogen peroxide appears to reduce the risk of cancerogen-induced tumor formation.
DNMT1 maintains metabolic fitness of adipocytes through acting as an epigenetic safeguard of mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Park Yoon Jeong , Lee Sangseon , Lim Sangsoo , Nahmgoong Hahn , Ji Yul , Huh Jin Young , Alfadda Assim A. , Kim Sun , Kim Jae Bum
Published: March 2021

Significance

Adipose tissue dysfunction is a major pathogenic determinant of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Although DNA methylation is one of the crucial epigenetic modifications in adipocytes, the molecular determinant and its roles in maintaining adipocyte function remain elusive. Here, we show that DNA methylation directs distal enhancer-mediated transcriptomic features of adipocytes. Particularly, deletion of adipocyte Dnmt1, the major methylation writer, provokes adipocyte hypertrophy and defective glucose homeostasis. Mechanistically, adipocyte Dnmt1 is crucial for preventing aberrant CTCF binding to sustain the proper chromosome architecture required for interactions between enhancer and
Dnm1l
and, in turn, facilitates mitochondrial fission and lipid homeostasis. Thus, we identify Dnmt1 as a key epigenetic safeguard of adipocyte integrity, which could have therapeutic implications for metabolic diseases.
Improved photosynthetic capacity and photosystem I oxidation via heterologous metabolism engineering in cyanobacteria
Authors: Santos-Merino María , Torrado Alejandro , Davis Geoffry A. , Röttig Annika , Bibby Thomas S. , Kramer David M. , Ducat Daniel C.
Published: March 2021

Significance

Cyanobacteria have been increasingly explored as a biotechnological platform, although their economic feasibility relies in part on the capacity to maximize their photosynthetic, solar-to-biomass energy conversion efficiency. Here we show that cyanobacterial photosynthetic capacity can be increased by diverting cellular resources toward heterologous, energy-storing metabolic pathways and by reducing electron flow to photoprotective, but energy-dissipating, oxygen reduction reactions. We further show that these heterologous sinks can partially contribute to photosystem I (PSI) oxidation, suggesting an engineering strategy to improve both energy storage capacity and robustness by selective diversion of excess photosynthetic capacity to productive processes.
Archaeomagnetic results from Cambodia in Southeast Asia: Evidence for possible low-latitude flux expulsion
Authors: Cai Shuhui , Doctor Rashida , Tauxe Lisa , Hendrickson Mitch , Hua Quan , Leroy Stéphanie , Phon Kaseka
Published: March 2021

Significance

The geomagnetic field contains information about interior dynamics of the Earth and is closely related to human beings on maintaining a habitable planet. Understanding variations of the field in the past, especially during the Holocene, is helpful for deciphering modern geomagnetic behaviors or even predicting future variations. Archaeomagnetism is efficient in recovering field information over the past millennia. However, the present data are not distributed evenly across the globe, limiting interpretation of the field features. We conducted an archaeomagnetic study on an iron-smelting site from Cambodia in Southeast Asia, an area currently devoid of data. The results will fill gaps in the present datasets and provide constraints for understanding specific geomagnetic features and their interior driving mechanism.
A specific RIP3
+
subpopulation of microglia promotes retinopathy through a hypoxia-triggered necroptotic mechanism
Authors: He Chang , Liu Yan , Huang Zijing , Yang Ziqi , Zhou Tian , Liu Sheng , Hao Zhaozhe , Wang Jing , Feng Qiumin , Liu Yizhi , Cao Yihai , Liu Xialin
Published: March 2021

Significance

Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness, and development of effective therapy is urgently needed. Here, we defined an unprecedented subgroup of microglia that is responsible for causing retinopathy under hypoxia. Mechanistic studies demonstrated the signaling pathway of hypoxia-induced necroptosis of retinal microglia, i.e., the hypoxia–RIP1–RIP3–MLKL signaling axis, triggered an explosive release of FGF2, which in its turn to induce retinal neovascularization. Simultaneous targeting of necroptosis–FGF2 pathway and VEGF produces synergistic effects for treating retinopathy. On the basis of our findings, we propose a concept of necroptotic microglia-induced retinal angiogenesis and highlight a combination therapy for effective treatment of retinopathy.
A mouse model of Huntington’s disease shows altered ultrastructure of transverse tubules in skeletal muscle fibers
Authors: Romer Shannon H. , Metzger Sabrina , Peraza Kristiana , Wright Matthew C. , Jobe D. Scott , Song Long-Sheng , Rich Mark M. , Foy Brent D. , Talmadge Robert J. , Voss Andrew A.
Published: March 2021

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal and progressive condition with severe debilitating motor defects and muscle weakness. Although classically recognized as a neurodegenerative disorder, there is increasing evidence of cell autonomous toxicity in skeletal muscle. We recently demonstrated that skeletal muscle fibers from the R6/2 model mouse of HD have a decrease in specific membrane capacitance, suggesting a loss of transverse tubule (t-tubule) membrane in R6/2 muscle. A previous report also indicated that Cav1.1 current was reduced in R6/2 skeletal muscle, suggesting defects in excitation–contraction (EC) coupling. Thus, we hypothesized that a loss and/or disruption of the skeletal muscle t-tubule system contributes to changes in EC coupling in R6/2 skeletal muscle. We used live-cell imaging with multiphoton confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to assess the t-tubule architecture in late-stage R6/2 muscle and found no significant differences in the t-tubule system density, regularity, or integrity. However, electron microscopy images revealed that the cross-sectional area of t-tubules at the triad were 25% smaller in R6/2 compared with age-matched control skeletal muscle. Computer simulation revealed that the resulting decrease in the R6/2 t-tubule luminal conductance contributed to, but did not fully explain, the reduced R6/2 membrane capacitance. Analyses of bridging integrator-1 (Bin1), which plays a primary role in t-tubule formation, revealed decreased Bin1 protein levels and aberrant splicing of Bin1 mRNA in R6/2 muscle. Additionally, the distance between the t-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum was wider in R6/2 compared with control muscle, which was associated with a decrease in junctophilin 1 and 2 mRNA levels. Altogether, these findings can help explain dysregulated EC coupling and motor impairment in Huntington’s disease.
Mössbauer spectroscopy study of nematicity in Ba(Fe0.962Cu0.038)2As2 single crystal: enhanced orbital effect
Authors: Li Yang , Xue Jijun , Hu Shixin , Pang Hua
Published: March 2021

The origin of the nematic order remains unclear due to the strong coupling between orbital, spin and lattice degrees of freedom in iron-based superconductors. Although the driving force of hole-doped BeFe2As2 is still controversial, the nematic fluctuation of electron-doped compounds is generally believed to be spin fluctuation driven. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the nematic phase transition in Ba(Fe0.962Cu0.038)2As2 single crystal by using Mössbauer spectroscopy. The electric field gradient and its in-plane asymmetry on Fe nucleus, which are directly determined by the occupation of individual t
2g
orbital, are sensitive to the local nematicity of Fe ions. The nematic phase transition happens at T
nem ≈ 73.8 K in the compound while the band splitting between d

xz
/d

yz
orbitals begins far above T
nem and reaches 18.8 meV at 30 K. The temperature evolution of the hyperfine parameters proves the existence of electron–phonon interaction and non-Fermi-liquid behaviour near T
nem. However, the spin–lattice relaxation signal is only evident below T
nem. These observations show that the role of orbital degrees of freedom is more active in driving nematicity than in Co- or Ni-doped BaFe2As2 compounds, and can be attributed to enhanced electronic localization caused by Cu doping.
Comparative analysis of Al2O3-47 nm and Al2O3-36 nm hybrid nanoparticles in a symmetric porous peristaltic channel
Authors: Khan M Ijaz , Chu Yu-Ming , Alzahrani Faris , Hobiny Aatef
Published: March 2021

This study explores the flow of

47

nm

and

36

nm

size alumina-water nanoparticles in a symmetric porous peristaltic channel. Considered flow situation is modelled via magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), porous medium, linear radiation, dissipation due to viscosity, Joule heating and heat generation assumptions. Propagating channel walls contains the first order momentum and thermal slip aspects. Entropy is modelled using the thermodynamics second law. Here different effective viscosity models are introduced for

47

nm

and

36

nm

size alumina-water particles respectively. Lubrication theory is utilized here to simplify the dimensionless system. Numerical solution through built-in procedure is attained for coupled system of equation with respective boundary constraints. This numerical procedure gives the result of each flow quantity in the form of graphs for involved parameters. Further graphical results predicts that due to porous characteristics of walls secondary velocity decreases. Pressure gradient rises for higher magnetic parameter. All the plots of present analysis emphasized that

36

nm

size alumina nanoparticles are more effective than the

47

nm

size alumina nanoparticle.
Computational based on GUI MATLAB for back propagation method in detecting climate change: case study of mataram city
Authors: Syaharuddin  , Sari D A , Sabaryati J , Zonyfar C , Sihotang S F , Fadillah A , Sari T H N I , Putra D S , Harun R R , Mandailina V
Published: March 2021

Climate change is a global phenomenon in which its impact can be perceived locally. In the face of this phenomenon, it is necessary to prepare and overcome this threat by developing various mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change. To support this strategy, climate data such as temperature (maximum and minimum), rainfall, number of rainy days, as well as necessary information in the future need to be detected to prepare good and directional policies. The study aims to determine the climate parameters in Mataram city using forecasting by constructing the algorithm the Back Propagation method. In using the Matlab GUI application by analyzing climate change in Mataram city by using monthly data for the last 10 years. In the simulation stage, the data taken are the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall, and the number of rainy days in Mataram city. Based on the results of the training and testing process for climate data in the city of Mataram with a prediction of maximum temperature occurred in November at 32,580C and maximum rainfall occurred in December as much as 399.2931 mm, while for the maximum number of rainy days occurred in January with a total of 21.99 days. These results can be used as an alternative policy in the handling and preparation of extreme climate change.
What is the rate of groundwater level decline on peatlands in South Sumatera during the 2019 extreme dry season?
Authors: Irfan M , Satya O C , Arsali  , Ariani M , Sulaiman A , Iskandar I
Published: March 2021

Groundwater level is a parameter that is closely related to fire events in peatlands. The lowering of the groundwater level causes a decrease in soil moisture so that the peatlands become dry and flammable. This study looked for the rate of decline in groundwater levels at 6 locations on peatlands in South Sumatera. The data used are in-situ data from 6 measuring stations belonging to the Peat Restoration Agency on peatlands in South Sumatera. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the groundwater level which is one of the fire control parameters as an effort to mitigate fire disasters on peatlands. The groundwater level decline rate obtained was (cm/day): 1.68, 1.45, 1.41, 0.85, 0.75, and 0.39 respectively for Sungai Saleh-1, Padang Sugihan-2, Karang Agung, Padang Sugihan-3, Cinta Jaya-1, and Cinta Jaya-2.
Excess reactivity optimization on High Temperature Gas Reactor (HTGR) design for remote area
Authors: Yuningsih N , Irwanto D
Published: March 2021

East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is an island that has an electrification ratio of 85.84%. Small power nuclear power plant could be applied in such a remote area, and High-Temperature Gas Reactor (HTGR) is one of the potential options. Based on data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), an HTGR was designed. The purpose of the present study was to find the optimal excess reactivity for HTGR using the basic model of Japan’s HTTR (High-Temperature Engineering Test Reactor). The calculation was conducted using the Standard Reactor Analysis Code System (SRAC) with the Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (JENDL) 4.0 as the nuclear data library. Calculations for modified HTTR geometry and fuel configuration was performed and analyzed. As a result, for 1.6 times the HTTR geometry model, (7.00 - 8.75)% fissile enrichment with the addition of 0.065% B4C material is the best configuration to obtain the optimal excess reactivity. Meanwhile, for 1.5, 1.4 and 1.3 times HTTR geometry the best configuration values were (5.00 - 6.75)% fissile enrichment with 0.035% B4C, (6.00 - 7.75)% fissile enrichment with 0.045% B4C and (7.00 - 8.75)% fissile enrichment with 0.050% B4C, respectively.
Effect of learning media tank ripple wave with the implementation of guided inquiry model on concept mastery of high school students
Authors: Susilawati  , Doyan A , Harjono A , Jana M
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the wave ripple learning media with the implementation of the guided inquiry model on the mastery of concepts for high school students. The material in the learning media for the wave ripples under study is reflection, diffraction refraction and interference. This type of research is an experimental research design with pre-test and post-test group design. The population in this study were all students of class XI high school in Mataram. Sampling using total sampling technique with class XIA as the experimental class and class XIB as the control class. The research hypothesis was tested using t-test with pretest and posttest and the improvement of learning outcomes was tested using the N-gain equation. Based on the results of hypothesis testing to master the concept, the value of t count (1.986) > t table (1.732) is obtained at the 5% significance level, so it can be concluded that there is an effect of the wave ripple learning media with the implementation of guided inquiry models on the mastery of concepts for high school students. Furthermore, the increase in concept mastery can be seen from the highest N-gain score in the experimental class found in the interference sub-material of 89.45%, while the highest N-gain score for the control class is in the refraction sub-material at 76.41%.
Coleman-De Luccia tunneling wave function with Non-Minimal coupling
Authors: Gerwin A A , Ramadhan H S
Published: March 2021

We examine a novel method in Coleman-de Luccia vacuum decay analysis by using tunneling wave function approach with additional non-minimal coupling term. Our approach has an advantage that the wave function analysis needs no time dependence, thus consistent with Wheeler-de Witt equation. In the calculation, we use WKB approximation and Hamilton-Jacobi Equation. We discover that the probability of tunneling is lower than the previous study and the tunneling probability depends on both the false and true vacuum state of the scalar field.
TOV equations form of anisotropic pressure on two fluid models
Authors: Rahmansyah A , Sulaksono A
Published: March 2021

We construct Tolman Oppenheimer Volkoff (TOV) equations for anisotropic pressure of two non-interacted perfect fluid with different four-velocities. This paper’s primary motivation is that we obtain the result that could describe the neutron stars (NS) admixed with dark matter (DM) that satisfying constraint from GW190814. Otherwise, our result also can investigate other compact objects that are admixed with two non-interacting fluids. In this work, we extend the formalism in Ref [1] by considering each fluid’s anisotropic pressure. Therefore, the total energy-momentum tensor is the sum of two non-interacting anisotropic fluids with different four-velocities. The velocity difference of both fluids denotes here by b where it comes from each of four-velocities under transformation rotation. Our result’s direct impact is that we can assess each fluid’s impact of anisotropic pressure in two fluids formalism in NS or other compact objects properties.
The acceptable range of roughness instrument calibration factor
Authors: Rahman A , Alfiyati N , Novyanto O , Kartika N L , Amdani R Z
Published: March 2021

There were no studies that show an acceptable range of calibration factor value on precision surface roughness instruments. It is generally known that the calibration factor plays an essential role in precision surface roughness instruments. This study demonstrates the acceptability range for the calibration factor using the Shewhart control chart method. Calibration factor data were obtained by comparing the calibration certificate of a type A artifact with the measurement results obtained from a surface roughness instrument. During the last five years, the calibration factor data from the Talysurf i120 surface roughness machine were analysed using the Shewhart control chart to determine the lower (LCL) and upper control limits (UCL) the range of acceptability. The results showed that the acceptance range was between 0.849 and 1.041, with a doubt level of 1%. These results are expected to be useful for metrologists, industries, and surface roughness practitioners in general to analyse the reliability of their surface roughness instruments/profilometer.