bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Attitudes of a Reflective Teacher
Authors: Nurfaidah Sitti
Published: February 2019

Reflective teaching practice in second/foreign language teaching education has been the focus of empirical studies attention since early 1990s. Despite the importance of the implementation of reflective teaching practice in the classrooms, there is still limited research on English language teaching in Indonesian context relative to the attitude of reflective teachers as revealed in their reflection. This study examined three attitudes of reflective teachers as proposed by Dewey, i.e. open-mindedness, wholeheartedness, and responsibility. They are considered as part of the keys in identifying the reflectivity state of the teacher. Data from two EFL preservice teachers’ reflection through reflective teaching journals and interview were analyzed using thematic analysis technique to identify emerging themes and to extract narratives of experience. The findings reveal that both of the preservice teachers reflected the three attitudes in their reflection indicating their development in preparing themselves into more professional teacher. This study’s implication on language teacher education program is also discussed. Keywords: reflection, reflective teacher, open-mindedness, wholeheartedness, responsibility
NEEDS ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS IN LEARNING ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
Authors: Meiristiani Noeris , Ekawati Yulia Nur
Published: February 2019

English subject that is learnt in Mechanical Engineering Study Program is different from English subject learnt in other programs, relating to the aspects of target situation, students’ weaknesses, students’ wishes and their needs. This research aims to find out Mechanical Engineering students’ problems in learning English, students’ needs in learning English and the process of designing syllabus of English subject. This research is case study using qualitative approach. The research participants are 40 students of Mechanical Engineering in third semester, in the academic year of 2017/2018 and two English lecturers who teach in Mechanical Engineering Study Program. The instruments to collect the data are questionnaire, interview and documentation (students’ achievement). Data moreover are reduced, displayed and then conclusions are drawn. The research results show that English subject is needed in Mechanical Engineering department. Students’ needs in learning English related with material aspects of listening, speaking, reading, writing, pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. In addition, the materials of mechanical engineering and application letter using English are also needed. Moreover, students’ problems in learning English are students’ lack confidence in mastering English both orally and in written. Students’ weaknesses in mastering pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary make English subject difficult to learn. In addition, they do not get used to reading and writing English texts. From the results, it is then recommended to review and design the syllabus of English for Mechanical Engineering which is suitable with students’ needs and give benefits for students and institution.
APPLYING CORRECTION GAME IN TEACHING NOMINALIZATION TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ WRITING OF DISCUSSION TEXT
Authors: Fasha Siti Aisyah Dailla , Bachtiar Hasna Parida
Published: February 2019

Related to curriculum 2013 which is currently applied in Indonesia, students are required to learn genres and later write the text independently. One of the genre types learned at higher level of students, grade XII is argumentative discussion. However, they often face difficulties in delivering and elaborating their opinions and reasons in writing discussion text since they do not know exactly how to do so. Using qualitative design and Systemic Functional Linguistics analysis, this study attempts to find out the analysis result of the discussion text written by expert in which becomes the basic reference to identify the main problem found in the students’ texts which later help to discover pedagogical implication to improve their writings. The results show that the expert’s text is considered as an ideal model of discussion text. Besides, there are two problems appeared in the students’ texts in term of the situational contexts such as lack of nominalization and the absence of passive sentence. The former becomes the major problem since it is assumed to affect the appearance of the latter. The implementation of Correction Game which is integrated in the genre based approach teaching reveals as pedagogical implication.
TEACHER’S COMMUNICATIVE TEACHING TO ENCOURAGE STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING
Authors: Rajasa Gilang , Sari Nadia Tiara Antik
Published: February 2019

Generally, students are intended to be better in four skills matter as well as their critical thinking along learning process in the classroom. Indonesia elementary school curriculum tends to give no option to build deeper prospect of English subject for about 2x35 minutes a week. The study conducted qualitative research method. The data were obtained from two meetings classroom video recording and observation to expose other findings. The sample data were taken from the fourth grade of elementary school students. Next, interviewing the teacher to dig information from the teacher about particular activities and to get teacher’s feedback from the video that has been recorded before. Finally, distributing a questionnaire to the students to gain information from another perspective. The findings showed the teacher is not the only one factor which develops and enhance students’ critical thinking, but the students also contribute to encouraging each other to do the task. They helped other students to speak up and state their mind when the teacher tried to open discussion with the class. Besides, the teacher gave higher and lower order thinking skill to develop, express, and create students’ mindset to think and to be active along in the classroom.
SPEECH ACTS ANALYZE IN DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH: TRUMP BANS ALL REFUGEES AND CITIZENS OF 7 MAJORITY MUSLIM COUNTRIES ENTERING U.S
Authors: Jimmi Jimmi , Sidauruk Juniato
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this research is to understand and discuss about Speech Acts of the United Stated of America, Donald Trump. The speech will be discussed linguistically by the writer. In analyzing Trump’s speech, the writer will relate it to the speech acts belong to J. L.  Austin, those are: locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act. The analysis that will be elaborated by the writer is about Austin’s types of speech acts contained in Donald Trump’s speech, and then the most and the least types used in Donald Trump’s speech, and also determining does perlocutionary is always exist in every Trump’s utterance. This research is using descriptive qualitative method. In this case, the writer found 10 utterances related to Donald Trump’s speech. In those utterances, there include 10 data of locutionary forces, 10 data of illocutionary forces, but only 2 data that show perlocutionary forces, because not all utterances conduct perlocutionary. Thus, every utterance can be linguistically analyzed, in order to see whether every speech always conduct perlocutionary forces or not.
Review of a process prioritization in mass customization
Authors: Baranauskas Gedas
Published: February 2019

Purpose – The present article aims to analyze the content of process prioritization methods and possibilities of its application in the context of Mass Customization. Design/methodology/approach – As the analysis is based on exploratory approach, qualitative methodology is the main tool used in the research. Moreover, author do not aim at providing conclusive answers to research questions; in opposition, generating relevant insights about a current situation is a goal. Findings – Results suggest that prioritization methods and principles are compatible, necessary and can be successfully applicable to Mass Customization at different process stages or even this concept types. In addition, this research reveals the need to have a combined and multidimensional prioritization at the beginning of Mass Customization processes. Research limitations/implications – Main research limitations can be divided into two parts. Firstly, when prioritization is taken into consideration, it is noticed that a limited scope of research focus on combined prioritization models as well as their effect on organizations results, especially in Public and Non-governmental sector. Secondly, in a case of concept of Mass Customization and its analysis, scientific discussions show extremum transitions to Big Data, Internet platform capabilities and overall customer flow management via modern economic theories in the last decades. Therefore, a lack of sufficient scientific attention to important parts of prioritization severely affect customer input, Design and Infrastructure of Mass Customization. In addition, both parts require not only proper understanding of the theoretical background but also following detail description of practical implication tools and guidelines as well as defining possible application effect. Since this article is based on the theoretical literature review, case studies and comparative analysis towards a practical implication are elaborated briefly. Practical implications – This research may serve as relevant insights into the context of the Mass Customization system and processes, where organizations constantly cope with prioritization by making a number of decisions on product selection, specifications, quantities, or pricing. From the perspective of process prioritization, the research serves as a concise review of main quantitative and qualitative methods, showing their demand of alignment and effect for Mass Customization. Originality/Value – The main value of the presented article can be described as a holistic theoretical focus on different types of prioritization methods and underlying points where it takes effect in Mass Customization concept. Moreover, the selected research object and findings are also valuable and applicable for organizations of different type, sector and working field Keywords: process prioritization, optimization, combined methods, Mass Customization Research type: general review. JEL classification: M19.
Characteristics of the level of economic security of Ukraine in the agrarian sector
Authors: Sokil Oksana , Ubrežiová Iveta , Janšto Erik , Lenčéšová Silvia
Published: February 2019

Purpose. Economic security is an important component of any system, whether it is a state or a society, or a family. It reflects the ability to maintain and create conditions for restoring economic well-being and protecting interests. According to the political situation in Ukraine, the protection of economic security has become one of the most important issues for resolution. In recent years, the agrarian sector has become one of the key parts for GDP since the industrial business has now turned to the background. The purpose of the article is to determine the economic security level in the agrarian sector.
Methodology. The authors have used the questionnaire method and have made a survey in 67 Ukrainian companies which are operating in the agriculture in the Lviv region, Ukraine. The survey was conducted from June to July 2018.
Findings. Survey results show that enterprises have an extremely negative attitude to the state of economic security of the country. However, it should be noted that entrepreneurs believe that the level of economic security of their business is at a higher level in comparing with the level of economic security of the country.
Research limitations/implications. As noted above, the study was conducted at 67 agribusiness enterprises in the Lviv region. In the future, this study may be the basis for the same research in other regions of Ukraine.
Practical implications. In the questionnaire template, we have made the list of methods which can help to prevent the effects of negative factors that could damage the company's economic security. The list of these measures can be used by enterprises in practice to ensure a high level of its security.
Originality/Value. It should be noted that the originality of our work is that we have combined the research of two areas: the economic security of the company and agribusiness. We have identified the main problems of agrarian sector in ensuring the economic security of enterprises and provided a list of methods to improve the level of this type of security, the use of which will lead to a better functioning of the firm.
Keywords: economic security, agrarian sector, GDP, Ukraine;
Research type (choose one): research paper.
JEL classification: О11, О13, Q12.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PT. HEXPHARMJAYA DI KARESIDENAN PEKALONGAN
Authors: Setyawan Agus
Published: February 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penurunan harga obat, pelayanan, citra perusahaan, dan distribusi obat pada PT. Hexpharmjaya terhadap Kepuasan konsumen Se-Karisidenan Pekalongan. Agar dapat diketahui pengaruh variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat tersebut baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan penelitian survey menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah dokter se-karisidenan Pekalongan yang menjadi pelanggan atau meresepkan obat dari PT. Hexpharmjaya. Data penelitian akan dikumpulkan dengan teknik wawancara dan kuesioner. Analisis data untuk menguji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda, pengujian hipotesis, dan analisis koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penurunan harga obat pelayanan dan citra perusahaan pada PT. Hexpharmjaya terhadap kepuasan konsumen Se-Karisidenan Pekalongan dan tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan distribusi obat pada PT. Hexpharmjaya terhadap Kepuasan konsumen Se-Karisidenan Pekalongan.Kata Kunci: Penurunan Harga; Pelayanan; Citra Perusahaan; Distribusi Obat ; Kepuasan
PENGARUH PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO, INFLASI, DAN BI RATE TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2010-2017
Authors: Subagyo Faiza Nur Iman , Febriana Tatik , Amalia Nurisqi
Published: February 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh PDB, inflasi, dan tingkat suku bunga Bank Indonesia terhadap indeks harga saham gabungan di Indonesia periode tahun 2010-2017. Data diperoleh dari halaman resmi Badan pusat Statistik Indonesia, Bank Indoneisa dan halaman resmi PT. Bursa Efek Indoensia. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dan data dikumpulkan dengan teknik mencatat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inflasi dan PDB tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap indeks harga saham gabungan, sedangkan tingkat suku bunga Bank Indonesia berpengaruh signifikan terhadap indeks harga saham gabungan.Kata Kunci : PDB; Harga Saham Gabungan 2; Inflasi; BI Rate
Respon siswa kelas VII SMPN 3 Banjarbaru pada materi biologi melalui inkuiri terbimbing
Authors: Hidayah Yulianti , Ulimaz Almira
Published: February 2019

Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam atau IPA merupakan suatu bidang ilmu yang mempelajari tentang alam. Salah satu cabang IPA yang sangat berkaitan dengan alam dan kehidupan sehari–hari adalah Biologi. Biologi secara independen dipelajari oleh peserta didik dimulai dari bangku sekolah menengah pertama. Pada tahap ini seorang peserta didik berada pada fase keingintahuannya yang besar tentang dunia. Rasa ingin tahu tersebut sangat sesuai jika diimbangi dengan metode pembelajaran di sekolah yang dapat merangsang siswa menemukan sendiri konsep–konsep dasar Biologi. Oleh karena itu, digunakanlah inkuiri terbimbing di SMPN 3 Banjarbaru untuk mengetahui respon siswa kelas VII pada materi Biologi yakni ciri makhluk hidup. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah 25 orang siswa kelas VII SMPN 3 Banjarbaru Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang berlangsung selama 2 siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari 2 pertemuan. Data respon siswa diperoleh dari angket. Analisis data melalui lembar analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik persentase (%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respon siswa menunjukkan sikap positif dengan persentase sebesar 97% terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan belajar mengajar (KBM) dengan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing.
Buddhist-Christians in Cambodian America
Authors: Wong Briana
Published: February 2019

Former refugees from Cambodia, along with their American-born children, frequently travel between the two countries, thereby blurring the lines between ‘Cambodian’ and ‘American’ identities. At the same time, there exists an almost ubiquitous conception of Cambodian cultural heritage as inseparable from Buddhist religious affiliation. In this context, some Cambodian-Americans who have adopted Christianity maintain both religious identities. Engaging in religious activity at the temple and at the church, these Buddhist-Christians defy the widely held Western view of religions as mutually exclusive of one another. Honouring two or more religious traditions is far from unusual in Cambodia, where the royal coronation ceremony combines Buddhist and Hindu elements, and where Chinese or indigenous Cambodian religious practices often infuse daily Buddhist practice. In this article, I explore dual religious belonging in the Cambodian-American context and call attention to the ways in which it exemplifies a perspective, prevalent in the non-Western world, that religion is hybrid by default; often is driven by a desire to enhance faithfulness vis-à-vis one's primary religion, be it Buddhism or Christianity; and can be characterised by a longing to maintain Khmer cultural identity while also acquiring potential practical and spiritual benefits associated with Christianity.
‘The River Between’: Negotiating Dual Identities in the Anglican Churches of Kenya
Authors: Ofula Kenneth
Published: February 2019

The double identity of missionaries acting as both Christian and Western representatives carried a burden for their enterprise, resulting in the continuous inquiries by Africans as to whether an individual is an African Christian or a Christian African. Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o in his novel The River Between depicted these two worlds using Kameno and Makuyu, communities in the mountainous regions of Agikuyu land, as they tried to negotiate their religio-cultural identities amidst the tension between the missionary enterprise and irua practice (the puberty rite of passage among the Gikuyu community). Nevertheless, the river between – the river Honia – acted as a conciliatory agency for the two communities. This article focuses on the inter- and intra-dependence of irua practice and confirmation practice in the Anglican Church of Kenya in their negotiation of religio-cultural identities. Through a historical account of indigenous rites of passage, the development of confirmation practice and their encounters, the article explores the resurgence of irua practice and ‘Christianisation’ to find ‘the river between’. Using examples from three Nairobi Metropolitan Anglican Cathedrals that have adopted the various forms of ‘Christianised’ irua practices, the article will show how they act as recipes for this dual religious identity construction, contestation and negotiation.
MERUBAH KARAKTER BIROKRASI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA
Authors: Eljawati Eljawati
Published: February 2019

Lawin the discussion of this article is the formal state law and the meaning of power is the power of government (government authority). Embody ideas, values,goals become a matter of law that requiredafactual power or driving force or power required. What is meant by such a power is the power tocarryout the function of the law. Law without power will stay as adesires or mereide as that will nevermaterialize.Legaland in deed must, and absolute powert o complement  each other, but the law could beleftt idalahridden by power or political power. Thus it is possible the conﬂ ict between law and power.Sioituasiconﬂ ict is the greatest power in its purest form, he could notaccept the restrictions, laws moreover make it work or providere strictions.Law and power relations can also be done through the use of the or etical approach hes PhilllpePhilippe Nonet and Selznickon the relations hip between law and politics. In the context of this paper theauth or wants togive the same meaning between politic sand power, there fore, is nothing but politicalpower. Relevance between law and politic scan bead opted from the description Nonet and Selz nickrelate to the classiﬁ cation of the type of existing law.Kaywords: politic, character and birocratic
Ecotourism pada Tingkat Komunitas di Kawasan Wisata Pangandaran
Authors: Santoso Eko Budi
Published: February 2019

Pengembangan suatu kawasan wisata khususnya wisata alam seringkali disebut ekowisata (ecotourism),walaupun belum tentu dikembangkan dengan melaksanakan prisip-prinsip ecotourism. Tullisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang mencoba mendeskripsikan dan mengeksplorasi penerapan prinsip-prinsip ecotourism pada kawasan wisata pada tingkat komunitan. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan dalam pengembangan prinsip-prinsip pengembangan kawasan wisata dengan konsep ecotourism dan pemecahan berbagai persoalan/hambatan dalam pelaksanaannya. Metode penelitian kualitatif deksriptif eksploratif, dengan lokus kawasan wisata Pangandaran yang memiliki keragaman daya tarik wisata alamnya. Metode pengumpulan datanya menggunakan teknik wawancara dengan sampling informan secara purpossive, teknik observasi, dan dokumentasi pada berbagai data sekunder terkait. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa dari 9 (sembilan) prinsip ecotourism secara umum penerapannya pada level komunitas di kawasan wisata Pangandaran, telah dilakukan tetapi tidak semuanya dilakukan dengan baik (kategori cuku[/sedang) dengan kecenderungan kearah lebih baik. Prinsip ke-6 menurut TIES (2015) yang mengkaitkan dengan adanya peningkatan sensitivitas bagi politik negara, tidak banyak terwujud atau terlalu jauh hubungannya dengan kegiatan ecotourism pada level komunitas, sedangkan prinsip partisipasi sudah banyak dilakukan di lokasi penelitian tetapi tidak masuk dalam prinsip ecotourism menurut TIES (2015). Dari penelitian ini disarankan: 1) peningkatan alokasi bantuan dana ecotourism pada komunitas; 2) perlu keseimbangan manfaat kepada wisatawan dan komunitas/masyarakat lokal; 3) pembatasan prinsip ke-6 TIES (2015) sampai pada peningkatan sensitivitas pada lingkungan fisik dan sosial; dan 4) memasukkan partisipasi sebagai prinsip ecotourism secara universal yang dapat diadopsi oleh TIES maupun masyarakat dunia dalam pengembangan ecotourism.
Understanding gender differences in students' anxiety in a seminar presentation
Authors: Sahid Suardi , Aldiansyah A , Iskandar I
Published: February 2019

This paper discusses students` anxiety and gender differences faced by male and female in the presentation. The main focus is to see the anxiety affected by gender differences in a presentation at the State University of Makassar conducted in 2016, the subjects of this research were the students` at Graduate Program who conduct seminar presentation from September to the last of December. The researcher used purposive sampling by taking two males and two female students as a participant to be observed. The instruments that the researcher used were Observation checklist, field notes, and interview. The result of the research shows the significance related anxiety and gender differences which male anxiety is affected by their thought while female anxiety is affected by their feeling in a seminar presentation.
An investigation into teacher’s L1 and L2 use in Indonesian EFL classroom
Authors: Amriana A
Published: February 2019

Teacher’s L1/L2 use in Indonesian EFL classroom has been the object of debate among practitioners of a second language and foreign language teaching. Despite the considerable amount of the research that has been conducted on the phenomenon, the focus has often been the advantages and disadvantages. This study reports on a study that investigated subject teacher’s language use on Indonesian EFL classroom. It reports research conducted in a private secondary school in Makassar. An Ethnography research has been employed to collect data on how the teacher perceives the L1/L2 use and the extent to which the approaches they adopt impact on students’ achievement. The research result demonstrates that the more active the teacher in promoting L2 learning, the more he is aware of the teaching practices used in the classroom. Also, the research result also reveals that the more he improves the quality of his teaching approach, the better language learning his students acquire.
Students’ affective learning factors in learning English on teachers’ nonverbal immediacy
Authors: Sally Fauzan Hari Sudding
Published: February 2019

This study aims at finding out how the students perceive teachers’ nonverbal immediacy that affects their attitude in learning English. Also, this study investigates how the students perceive teachers’ nonverbal immediacy that affects their motivation in learning English. The researcher used observation and questionnaires to collect the data. The results of this study showed that fifteen out of sixteen teachers’ nonverbal immediacy behaviors were perceived positively in affecting the students’ positive attitude in learning English. Similarly, this study also showed that fifteen students perceived the teachers’ nonverbal immediacy behavior affected their motivation in learning English. The researcher concluded that the students would have a positive attitude and high motivation in learning English if a teacher employs nonverbal immediacy behaviors suitably in her teaching or interaction with the students
Using of Fieldworks Language Explorer (FLEx) in the analysis of verbs on educational discourse in online media
Authors: Mirdayanti Isra
Published: February 2019

FieldWorks Language Explorer (FLEx) is an application that provides tools for dictionary development, morphological analysis, decomposition, and so on. Using of FLEx application can facilitate researchers in analyzing the discourse quickly and practically. This paper discusses the FLEx application method by giving examples of using the application in analyzing educational discourse on full day school in Indonesia. The discourse is found from several online media, such as: rappler.com, kompas.com, and tempo.co. This analysis is conducted to represent positive and negative verbs contained in the educational discourse on the topic of full-day school in Indonesia.
Using video as an authentic material in improving students writing ability
Authors: Kamariah Andi
Published: February 2019

This research aims to find out the impact of video as an authentic material on the writing ability. Also, this research aims to find out the use of video as an authentic material to created exciting writing for the secondary school students. The research employed a quasi-experimental method. Experimental group and control group were assigned different treatment. Each group consisted of 30 students. The sample was chosen by applying a cluster random sampling technique. The researcher used writing test both for control and experimental group. The data were analyzed using inferential statistics. In conducting the research, the writer used video as an authentic material as an instrument to improve the students’ writing ability particularly in writing a narrative paragraph which covered the five components of writing namely content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanics. Besides, the researcher used a questionnaire to investigate the students’ interest in the use of video as authentic material. The research result showed that there was an improvement in the students’ writing ability between pretest and posttest in the experimental group after the treatment. This research reveals that the use of video as an authentic material was able to give a greater contribution to the students’ writing ability.
Developing students’ mastery on adjective using a systemic approach
Authors: Mallombasi M , Akil Mansur , Iskandar I
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the systemic approach to develop students’ mastery of adjective.  The limitations of adjective mastery in this research were the kind, the use, the form, and the order. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with the non-equivalent control group. Sixty-two students in a private university are majoring in English Education chosen from two classes that were divided into two groups, namely experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by using a systemic approach, while the control group was taught by using lecturing method. The instruments of this research were adjective tests. The  data of the experimental group experienced improvement in their  mastery of  adjective  in  terms  of  kind,  use,  form, and order indicated by the posttest mean score of experimental group (75.40) that was higher than the posttest mean score of control group (54.6) and the t-test value which was higher than the t-table value (12.991 > 1.671).  Furthermore, the researchers found that the element of adjective which experienced most significant development happened on the order.  The result of this research indicated that there was significant development between experimental and control class. It means that a systemic approach that was applied in the experimental group could develop the students’ mastery of adjective. Thus it was concluded that the systemic approach was effective to develop students’ mastery of adjective.
Students’ perception toward effective teaching approach used by EFL teacher
Authors: Hartanti Rezkiah , Babikkoi Adamu , Iskandar I
Published: February 2019

This research aimed to describe the approach of effective and ineffective teaching approaches used by EFL teacher as perceived by the students. This research was designed using qualitative research. This research applied the purposive sampling technique by considering students’ English Achievement. The subject of this research was the seventy-five students of the secondary school in Maros regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The data was collected through class discussion and focus group discussion. In analyzing the data, the researchers used qualitative data analysis. The results of this research suggest EFL teachers’ use four effective teaching approach used by EFL teacher in the secondary school; they are communicative, cooperative learning, audio-lingual, and simulation and games. The students believed these approaches stimulate the students’ activeness and participation in the classroom. There is three ineffective teaching approach used by EFL teacher in the secondary school; they are lecturing, grammar translation, and direct teaching.
Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid
Authors: Sobhana Liji , Kesavan Lokesh , Gustafsson Jan , Fardim Pedro
Published: February 2019

Topochemical engineering of hybrid materials is an efficient way of synthesizing hydrophobic and highly tensile fiber composites by utilizing the intermolecular hydrogen bonds in natural materials. These materials include wood pulp fibers, abietic acid (resin acid) and inexpensive metal salts. In this work, a hybrid composite was created using bleached and unbleached kraft pulp fibers as cellulose platform. In situ co-precipitation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) was performed to grow LDH crystals on the surface of the cellulose fibers, followed by the immobilization of abietic acid (AA) on LDH-grafted cellulose. Here we aimed to benefit from the hydrogen bonding between –OH groups of cellulose and LDH, and the –COOH groups of AA to obtain charge-directed assembly of one material on the other material. Thus, composite hybrid fibers (C-HF) were produced and then characterized by optical (CAM), spectroscopic (XRD, IR) and microscopic techniques (SEM) to determine their average length and distribution, structure and purity, bonding, and morphology. These fibers further were tested for water contact angle (hydrophobicity), oil absorption (lipophilicity), tensile strength and ISO brightness measurements. The performance of C-HF was compared with unmodified reference fibers (REF), fibers composed with only AA (C-F) and LDH-hybridized fibers (HF). The results revealed a variety of correlations between materials and their properties due to characteristic surface morphology, functional groups, hydrogen bonding and natural co-materials such as lignin and hemicelluloses. Attractive and repulsive van der Waals forces between material entities play a crucial role in the resulting properties.
EVALUATION OF TRANSVERSAL FORCE INFLUENCE IN LAYERS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH SURVIVAL MOULDS/SLUOKSNIUOTŲJŲ GELŽBETONINIŲ KONSTRUKCIJŲ SU LIKTINIAIS KLOJINIAIS STIPRUMO SKERSINIŲ JĖGŲ ATŽVILGIU ĮVERTINIMAS
Authors: Bistrickaitė Rėda , Žilinskas Romualdas
Published: February 2019

Bending composite reinforced concrete slabs have horizontal concreting joints and this is their main difference from monolithic constructions. During initial bending stage of loaded composition slab compression and shear stresses appear, therefore they should be treated as monolithic ones. Nevertheless, with the augmentation of deflection the influence of transversal forces increases.

Depending on the distance between concentrated force and support force, corresponding shear stresses are caused in the contact zone of the layered slab. Vector trajectories of those stresses correspond to the curve of compression layers in imaginary internal arches. The distance between the support and shear force, and the number of repetitive static heights (a=1…2…5d) of the slab have been evaluated, some cases have been observed and noted when forces influencing the detachment of monolithic and precast slab are the greatest ones.

It has been noticed that the augmentation of distance between the support and vertical force causes the decrease of leaning angle of successive shear stresses in reinforcement bars.
ANALYTICAL MODELLING OF CONCRETE LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM STRAIN/BETONO TRUMPALAIKIŲ IR ILGALAIKIŲ DEFORMACIJŲ ANALITINIS MODELIAVIMAS
Authors: Augonis Mindaugas
Published: February 2019

Concrete is not a homogeneous material. However, such an approach does not enable one to precisely determine short-term or long-term strain of concrete which consists of separate materials components with different physical and mechanical properties. Therefore, concrete should be considered a composite of coarse aggregate and mortar. Such a model enables one to take into account different properties of concrete components. The creep or shrinkage of coarse aggregate can be assumed as zero. It is enough to accept only creep or shrinkage of mortar and the present model becomes simpler.

In case of a long term, load stress in matrix decreases because of relaxation. Thus, part of load passes from matrix to coarse aggregate. In order to describe such a phenomenon by integro-differential equations of creep it is necessary to know stress history for each element of matrix. It would be difficult to determine creep in this way. It is by far easier to solve macromechanical model of creep by the method of effective modulus of ageing material developed by Z. P. Bazant. This method requires only the increments of stress and strain.

Figs 6 and 9–12 show that present models give similar results which are quite well-coincident with present experimental data.
THE ANALYSIS OF SPEED AND PRESSURE OF WIND IN RAINY WEATHER/VĖJO SLĖGIO IR JO GREIČIO KITIMO LYJANT ANALIZĖ
Authors: Paukštys Valdas , Stankevičius Vytautas
Published: February 2019

It is not enough to investigate only the effect of wind on buildings, because deterioration of exterior surfaces of buildings is caused by wind and moisture together. A considerable part of rain gets into the exterior surface of enclosure, penetrates deep down and destroys the material of surface layer. The rain passes through enclosure construction and its surface layer due to wind pressure, through joints of the elements and cracks caused by improper transportation as well as by an inaccurate assembling.

At present, new multilayer constructional elements are used for building envelope having numerous assembling seams, therefore, the combined influence of rain and wind becomes rather dangerous.

It was established that the wind velocity during the rain is one of the main reasons predetermining moisture penetration into protective-decorative walls made of sand-lime brick with split surface, on concrete-lime mortar, according to the analysis of combined influence of the climate by research data [4]. The total effect of rain and wind on the humidity condition of exterior layers is described.

Distribution of real wind velocity was estimated according to the data of the last 10 years. It was found that in Kaunas the average wind velocity increases from 3,4 m/s when the rain is absent up to 4,3 m/s and in Vilnius—the average wind velocity increases from 2,9 m/s when the rain is absent up to 3,7 m/s with an increase of approximately 26%, while in Klaipeda the average wind velocity increases from 3,6 m/s when the rain is absent up to 5,1 m/s with an increase of approximately 42%.

On the base of the investigations carried out the suggestion is proposed to use the maximum and mean wind velocity values at the rain for estimating the effect of wind to the moisture behaviour in building elements.
ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTION ON ELASTIC FOUNDATION WITH EVALUATION OF ALL SYSTEM DEAD WEIGHT/KONSTRUKCIJŲ ANT TAMPRAUS PAGRINDO SKAIČIAVIMAS ĮVERTINANT VISOS SISTEMOS SAVĄJĮ SVORĮ
Authors: Grigusevičius Andrius , Kalanta Stanislovas , Krutinis Antanas
Published: February 2019

Solution of constructions on an elastic foundation was formulated as the contact problem [1], [2]. With such a formulation the stress and strain state is investigated at the contact of construction and foundation. Therefore, we can not evaluate the influence of elastic foundation dead weight for stress and strain distribution in the soil. The aim of this article is to solve this pressing problem, which allows to define in more precise way the stress and strain state in the system, and to evaluate not only the dead weight of the construction, but also the dead weight of foundation. The system “construction-substructure-foundation” is investigated as an interaction of separate bodies. Such a formulation allows to go over from solving contact problems to the solution of qualitatively new problems in which the distribution of stresses and strains in foundation along the depth is evaluated. Mathematical models in this article are realised by computer programme COSMOS/M. The stress-strain state is determined by describing the system “wall-substructure-foundation” of elements with different physical-mechanical indices.
NEW EQUATIONS FOR PREDICTING THE FROST RESISTANCE OF CERAMIC PRODUCTS BY DEFORMATIONAL PARAMETERS/NAUJOS KERAMINIŲ GAMINIŲ ATSPARUMO ŠALČIUI PROGNOZAVIMO LYGTYS NAUDOJANT DEFORMACINIUS RODIKLIUS
Authors: Kičaitė Asta , Mačiulaitis Romualdas
Published: February 2019

One of the important parameters describing durability is the resistance to frost. It can be determined by direct and rapid prediction methods. Investigations by direct methods last from some days to several months. Frost resistance of ceramic products can be estimated fast by rapid prediction methods.

One of important directions of the rapid prediction methods is the dilatometric method, which is sensitive to the changes of internal structure and related to tensions and deformation by freezing and thawing. One of dilatometrie apparatus is DUM-01, which can establish many deformation parameters by one-sided freezing of ceramic bricks.

Clay bricks made by plastic extrusion and by semi-dry pressing were tested.

We have estimated what values of deformative parameters of ceramic bricks change in a wide range from negative to positive. The bigger the positive values of deformation parameters, the less number of ceramic samples is resistant to frost.

We think that the observed negative values of deformation parameters appear because of water migration in ceramic bricks from defective zones. The ice formed in large pores does not destroy ceramic products and they have possibility to shrink.

It was established that objective forecast for the frost resistance of ceramic bricks must be carried out using water absorption and two groups of deformation parameters.

Prediction methods according to structural and deformational properties have been developed. Testing by these methods lasts 3 days.

Rapid prediction methods for frost resistance of ceramics products are more convenient and prospective due to structural and deformational properties.
SUBSTANTIATION OF FINANCING APPROACH FOR RURAL PROPERTY/KAIMO STATINIŲ FINANSAVIMO METODO PAGRINDIMAS
Authors: Lunkevičius Sigitas , Ustinovičius Leonas , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras
Published: February 2019

When resolving issues of rural property revival, it is necessary to deal with the subject of financing. Existing financial methods are aimed at solving specific financial tasks and defining relations of contract parties as well as their distribution of risk/liability in the way specific for those conditions. Different financial schemes have been created for particular cases. In order to activate investments into rural property of Lithuania it is important to devise a financing approach which is useful and economically motivated to all sides of the credit contract.
SHRINKAGE INFLUENCE ON STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF COMPOSITE MASONRY MEMBERS/SUSITRAUKIMO DEFORMACIJŲ ĮTAKA KOMPLEKSINIŲ MŪRO ELEMENTŲ ĮTEMPIŲ IR DEFORMACIJŲ BŪVIUI
Authors: Marčiukaitis Gediminas
Published: February 2019

Composite masonry structures consists of various units (bricks or ceramic, concrete and other blocks) masonry and concrete or reinforced concrete layers. Analysis has shown that in most cases deformation properties of masonry, concrete and reinforced concrete are different. There is a big difference in modulus of elasticity and shrinkage deformations. Methods for determination of shrinkage and modulus of elasticity for different types of masonry and reinforced concrete have been presented. Analysis of distribution of stresses and deformations in layers has shown that for a given difference of shrinkage in layers the stresses of tension and compression in the layers depend on the cross-section area of these layers and the ratio of the modulus of elasticity. Formulas are given for calculation of these stresses.
ESTIMATION OF AXIALLY-LOADED BORED PILES INTERACTION IN THE DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION/CENTRIŠKAI APKRAUTŲ GRĘŽTINIŲ POLIŲ TARPUSAVIO SĄVEIKOS ĮVERTINIMAS PROJEKTUOJANT POLINIUS PAMATUS
Authors: Sližytė Danutė
Published: February 2019

In Lithuania and many foreign countries traditional approach of replacing the pile group by equivalent raft foundation in order to estimate settlements is used. But now we have another method. H. Poulos [3] described the influence between piles in a pile foundation with the coefficient of interaction, that indicate the pile influence on the neighbouring piles settlement increasing neighbouring pile acted by axial load. General characteristics of Toyoura sand was shown in the table. With this data and two methods of calculation settlement of 5×5 pile foundation was founded (Fig 1) and results are shown in Fig 3. Also Fig 5 shows the effects of non-linearity on the axial load distribution between a piles of 5×5 group embedded in non-cohesive soil. The load distribution is expressed in terms of the ratio of load on pile to the average pile load in the group (N/Nav), and is plotted against the average pile load. The same figure shows how differ results when the normalised pile spacing 3D, 4,5D and 6D. In the case when the normalised pile spacing r/D=3 and pile foundation work in elastic phase the corner piles take 19,5% larger load as the average pile load and central pile take 20,0% smaller load as the average pile load. But after increasing of the average load this difference decreases. This difference also decreases when the normalised pile spacing increases.
BEHAVIOUR AND DESIGN OF ROCKER BEARINGS IN BRIDGE STRUCTURES/TILTŲ SEGMENTINIŲ ATRAMINIŲ GUOLIŲ DARBAS IR PROJEKTAVIMAS
Authors: Kamaitis Zenonas
Published: February 2019

Analizuojami pagrindiniai veiksniai, kurie turi įtakos tiltų segmentinių paslankiųjų atraminių guolių posvyriams. Pateikiama metodika atraminių guolių horizontaliesiems poslinkiams apskaičiuoti.

Paslankiųjų atraminių guolių darbas priklauso nuo aplinkos temperatūros pokyčių, tilto perdangos susitraukimo ir valkšnumo deformacijų dėl išankstinio armatūros įtempimo bei nuolatines apkrovos. Ilgalaikius atraminių guolių poslinkius nustatyti sudėtinga, nes dėl minėtų veiksnių nuolatos kinta įtempimų ir deformacijų būvis išilgai ir skersai tilto perdangos.

Atraminių guolių išilginiai poslinkiai pagal pateiktą metodiką gali būti nustatyti bet kuriuo metu, jeigu yra žinomi tilto perdangos kreiviai, kurie priklauso nuo perdangos medžiagų savybių, išankstinio įtempimo jėgos ir apkrovos.

Pateikiamas trijų tarpatramių nekarpyto iš anksto įtempto dėžinio skerspjūvio tilto su neleistinai pasvirusiais atraminiais guoliais pavyzdys. Nustatyta, kad neleistini atraminių guolių posvyriai yra susiję su netinkamu atraminių guolių įrengimų statant tiltą.