bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of life-threatening deformation of obstructive transcatheter mitral valve replacement bioprosthesis with balloon inflation in left ventricular outflow tract: a case report
Authors: Cavalerie Hugo , Casassus Frederic , Dubourg Benjamin , Darremont Olivier
Published: January 2023

Background

Left ventricular outflow track (LVOT) obstruction (LVOTO) is a severe complication of transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) procedures, with an uncertain prognosis and only few strategies available to prevent its occurrence. TMVR is thus contraindicated in some patients because of a high risk of LVOTO onset. We demonstrate how LVOTO can be managed with a balloon inflation in the LVOT and a D-shaped deformation of the bioprosthetic valve.

Case summary

A 64-year-old female presented with acute pulmonary oedema 2 weeks following aortic valve replacement and aorto-coronary bypass surgeries. A concomitant mitral stenosis, secondary to significant calcifications of the mitral annulus, was not treated during the procedure. After surgery, the mitral valvulopathy caused an acute heart failure and TMVR was performed by the heart team. The procedure was complicated by a cardiac arrest secondary to the onset of LVOTO which was managed by a balloon inflation in the LVOT and an alcohol septal ablation. Two-year follow-up shows a favourable outcome of the patient and good function of the prosthetic valve despite its deformation.

Discussion

This case highlights the successful management of a LVOTO following valve-in-mitral annular calcification TMVR by balloon inflation in the LVOT. It is strongly recommended to place a ‘rescue’ guidewire in transaortic position during TMVR in order to manage the potential onset of acute LVOTO.
The Unified Patent Court’s Opt-Out Option – A General Introduction
Authors: Luginbuehl Stefan , Kotzur Juliane
Published: January 2023

With the entry into force of the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court (UPCA) on 1 June 2023, a common patent court will be created for 17 Member States of the European Union. It will be competent for disputes concerning the infringement and revocation of Unitary Patents and classic European patents. At the request of the users, a so-called opt-out mechanism was introduced, which allows the jurisdiction of the Court to be excluded by a corresponding notification. Such opt-outs can be filed via the Court’s case management system as of the start of the ‘sunrise period’ on 1 March 2023. This article provides a first general practical overview concerning the recording of such notifications.***
The Road from Geneva
Authors: Winter Jay
Published: January 2023

This chapter charts the emergence of a central part of the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923—the compulsory population exchange agreement introduced initially by the League of Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Fridtjof Nansen on 20 November 1922, and agreed on 30 January 1923 by Greek and Turkish delegates. In the past the end of wars was marked by an exchange of prisoners. This was the first time in history that a compulsory exchange of civilians became a precondition for peace. This measure is placed in the framework of the work of the League of Nations to save the lives of refugees and to prevent the spread of endemic and epidemic disease. The price paid for this agreement was the legalization of ethnic cleansing on a massive scale. Here was the moment when the civilianization of war arrived as an indelible part of the fabric of international affairs.
Introduction
Authors: Steinglass Steven H. , Scarselli Gino J.
Published: January 2023

This book begins with a detailed essay on the history of the Ohio Constitution, including the prestatehood Ordinance of 1787 (i.e., the Northwest Ordinance), the adoption of the 1802 Constitution, which resulted in Ohio’s admission as the seventeenth state in the union, and the adoption of the 1851 Constitution, Ohio’s current constitution. Detailed attention is given to the thirty-four amendments that have their origins in the work of the Progressive-era 1912 Constitutional Convention; this includes the initiative and referendum and the home rule amendment. The essay also covers the modern efforts to use commissions to revise the constitution, stare decisis, judicial selection, and the emergence of the new judicial federalism in Ohio.
Special Report: The Moore Pediatric Surgery Center: An Evolving Model for Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgical Care in a Limited Resource Environment
Authors: Taylor Zachary R. , Hamblin Robert W. , Shaw Brian A. , Navas-Solares Juan C. , Shaw Lisa F.
Published: January 2023

The authors describe their 11-year experience with 1 model for providing short-term (about 1 wk/y in country) pediatric orthopaedic surgical care in a limited resource environment. This paper provides a detailed narrative of 1 team’s pediatric orthopaedic work at the Moore Pediatric Surgery Center in Guatemala City, how it has evolved over these 11 years, financial aspects of the model, and examines patient follow-up data for a consecutive 8-year period. The authors have reviewed financial records, case lists, patient charts from 2014 to 2022, and patient photographic records from The Moore Center and as provided via internet by a local contracted Guatemalan pediatric orthopaedic fellowship-trained surgeon to present a complete picture of how the service functions. Specific follow-up data included: last follow-up date, date discharged from follow-up, and major complications including infection, surgical wound dehiscence, return for unplanned surgery, major nerve injury, and recurrent hip dislocation for cases of closed or open reduction of developmental hip dislocation. A total of 297 consecutive pediatric orthopaedic surgical patients were identified from 2014 to 2022. Of these, charts were found for 235 patients (135 female, 110 male), of which 43% were from the urban Guatemala City region. Two hundred sixteen (72%) had at least 1 follow-up clinic visit, and 87 (37%) had at least 1-year follow-up or were discharged. All complications identified by this retrospective chart review included 4 recurrent hip dislocations (3 after closed reduction), 1 femur fracture after implant removal, 1 superficial infection requiring antibiotics, 1 partial dehiscence treated only with dressings, 1 thumb subluxation, and 1 failed graft with internal fixation for congenital pseudoarthrosis of tibia.

Conclusions:

The Moore Pediatric Surgery Center is a financially viable, sustainable, safe, and effective model for delivering short-term surgical care for many pediatric orthopaedic conditions in a limited resource environment.

Level of Evidence:

None (descriptive).
Impact of Objective Colonic and Whole Gut Motility Data as Measured by Wireless Motility Capsule on Outcomes of Antireflux Surgery
Authors: Eriksson Sven E , Maurer Nicole , Zheng Ping , Sarici Inanc S , DeWitt Ann , Riccardi Margaret , Jobe Blair A , Ayazi Shahin
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Studies show higher rates of dissatisfaction with antireflux surgery (ARS) outcomes in patients with chronic constipation. This suggests a relationship between colonic dysmotility and suboptimal surgical outcome. However, due to limitations in technology, there is no objective data available examining this relationship. The wireless motility capsule (WMC) is a novel technology consisting of an ingestible capsule equipped with pH, temperature, and pressure sensors, which provide information regarding regional and whole gut transit times, pH and motility. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of objective regional and whole gut motility data on the outcomes of ARS.

STUDY DESIGN:

This was a retrospective review of patients who underwent WMC testing before ARS. Transit times, motility, and pH data obtained from different gastrointestinal tract regions were used in analysis to determine factors that impact surgical outcome. A favorable outcome was defined as complete resolution of the predominant reflux symptom and freedom from antisecretory medications.

RESULTS:

The final study population consisted of 48 patients (fundoplication [n = 29] and magnetic sphincter augmentation [n = 19]). Of those patients, 87.5% were females and the mean age ± SD was 51.8 ± 14.5 years. At follow-up (mean ± SD, 16.8 ± 13.2 months), 87.5% of all patients achieved favorable outcomes. Patients with unfavorable outcomes had longer mean whole gut transit times (92.0 hours vs 55.7 hours; p = 0.024) and colonic transit times (78.6 hours vs 47.3 hours; p = 0.028), higher mean peak colonic pH (8.8 vs 8.15; p = 0.009), and higher mean antral motility indexes (310 vs 90.1; p = 0.050).

CONCLUSIONs:

This is the first study to demonstrate that objective colonic dysmotility leads to suboptimal outcomes after ARS. WMC testing can assist with preoperative risk assessment and counseling for patients seeking ARS.
Perioperative and Disease-Free Survival Outcomes after Hepatectomy for Centrally Located Hepatocellular Carcinoma Guided by Augmented Reality and Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Zhu Wen , Zeng Xiaojun , Hu Haoyu , Xiang Nan , Zeng Ning , Wen Sai , Tian Jie , Yang Jian , Fang Chihua
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Laparoscopic hepatectomy for centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma is challenging to perform. Augmented reality navigation (ARN) and fluorescence imaging are currently safe and reproducible techniques for hepatectomy, but the efficacy results for centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma have not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an ARN system combined with fluorescence imaging (ARN-FI) in laparoscopic hepatectomy for centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma.

STUDY DESIGN:

This was a post hoc analysis of an original nonrandomized clinical trial that was designed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of ARN-FI for laparoscopic liver resection. A total of 76 patients were consecutively enrolled from June 2018 to June 2021, of which 42 underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy using ARN-FI (ARN-FI group), and the other 34 who did not use ARN-FI guidance (non–ARN-FI group). Perioperative outcomes and disease-free survival were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS:

Compared with the non–ARN-FI group, the ARN-FI group had less intraoperative blood loss (median 275 vs 300 mL, p = 0.013), lower intraoperative transfusion rate (14.3% vs 64.7%, p < 0.01), shorter postoperative hospital stay (median 8 vs 9 days, p = 0.005), and lower postoperative complication rate (35.7% vs 61.8%, p = 0.024). There was no death in the perioperative period and follow-up period. There was no significant difference in overall disease-free survival between the 2 groups (p = 0.16).

CONCLUSIONs:

The ARN system and fluorescence imaging may be of value in improving the success rate of surgery, reducing postoperative complications, accelerating postoperative recovery, and shortening postoperative hospital stay.
Cell Segmentation in Images Without Structural Fluorescent Labels
Authors: Zyss Daniel , Ribeiro Susana A. , Ludlam Mary J.C. , Walter Thomas , Fehri Amin
Published: January 2023

High-content screening (HCS) provides an excellent tool to understand the mechanism of action of drugs on disease-relevant model systems. Careful selection of fluorescent labels (FLs) is crucial for successful HCS assay development. HCS assays typically comprise (1) FLs containing biological information of interest, and (2) additional structural FLs enabling instance segmentation for downstream analysis. However, the limited number of available fluorescence microscopy imaging channels restricts the degree to which these FLs can be experimentally multiplexed. In this paper, we present a segmentation workflow that overcomes the dependency on structural FLs for image segmentation, typically freeing 2 fluorescence microscopy channels for biologically relevant FLs. It consists in extracting structural information encoded within readouts that are primarily biological, by fine-tuning pre-trained state-of-the-art generalist cell segmentation models for different combinations of individual FLs, and aggregating the respective segmentation results together. Using annotated datasets that we provide, we confirm our methodology offers improvements in performance and robustness across several segmentation aggregation strategies and image acquisition methods, over different cell lines and various FLs. It thus enables the biological information content of HCS assays to be maximized without compromising the robustness and accuracy of computational single-cell profiling.

Impact Statement

This methodological paper describes a framework enabling cell segmentation for datasets without structural fluorescent labels to highlight cell organelles. Such capabilities favorably impact costs and possible discoveries in single-cell downstream analysis by improving our ability to incorporate more biological read-outs into a single assay. The perspective of computational and experimental biologist coauthors ensures a multidisciplinary viewpoint and accessibility for a wide readership.
Non-senescent species are not immortal: stress and decline in two planaria species
Authors: Deere Jacques A. , Holland Penelope , Aboobaker Aziz , Salguero-Gomez Roberto
Published: January 2023

1. Potential immortality is observed in several species (e.g., prickly pear cactus, hydra, flatworms) and is indicative of their negligible or even negative senescence rates. Unlike in senescent species, which experience reduced individual performance with age due to physiological degradation, species with negligible or negative senescence display mortality rates that remain constant or decline with age, respectively. These rates vary across taxa and are correlated with life history traits. Yet, the extent to which variable resource availability, a key driver of variation in life history traits, impacts species that show negligible or negative senescence is currently unknown.

2. Here, we examine whether and how variation in the quantity, quality, and feeding interval of resources impact population structure, population performance, and life history trait trade-offs in two long-lived planaria that do not senesce:Schmidtea mediterraneaandDugesia tahitiensis. In a full factorial design, different combinations of resource quantity (reduced intake, standard intake and high intake) and quality (high and low quality) were provided in two different feeding intervals (7-day and 14-day intervals) for 19 weeks.

3. We show that variability in resource availability, via decreases in quantity, quality, and frequency of resources, does not diminish population viability in either species but does result in suboptimal conditions of stress inS. mediterranea.

4. The high population viability we report can be attributed to two different mechanisms: increased reproduction or increased investment into maintenance at the expense of reproduction. Moreover, which mechanism was responsible for said high population viability was context-dependent and modulated by the specific life history strategy of the two planaria species.

5. We show that suboptimal conditions can cause stress responses that have significant impacts on non-senescent species. The context-dependent response we observe suggests that species that do not senesce but are subject to suboptimal conditions of stress may ultimately exhibit declines in performance and ultimately die. A clearer understanding of the impact of suboptimal conditions of resource availability on non-senescent species is needed to determine the extent of stress experienced and ultimately whether a species can truly be immortal.
A novel supplemental circadian feedback loop in CA1 mediates mood-related behaviors
Authors: Wang Xin-Ling
Published: January 2023

Traditional circadian clock feedback loops include positive branches and negative branches.Pergenes belong to the negative branches. There are three subtypes ofPergenes namedPer1, Per2andPer3. The relationship among these subtypes has been rarely reported. In this study, we aimed to explore the action betweenPer1andPer2genes, which are known to be critical in the pathogenesis of mood disorder. We revealed thatPer1has a positive action on the expression ofPer2, whilePer2shows a negative effect onPer1expression. This forms a novel feedback loop. Besides, both knockdown and over-expression ofPer1exhibit a pro-depressive effect, indicating a potential mediation in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. Correspondingly, knockdown ofPer2induces mania-like behavior, while, over-expression ofPer2produces a pro-depressive effect, suggesting its involvement in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. This research may provide an advance in the differential diagnosis between the two diseases in the future.

Highlights

Per1promotes the expression ofPer2, whilePer2inhibit the expression ofPer1in CA1, forming a negative feedback loop.

Both knockdown and over-expression ofPer1in CA1 induce depression-like behaviors, whilePer2involves in both mania and depression-like behaviors.
Overview of ParaCell package for indexing in powder diffraction
Authors: Šimeček Ivan , Rohlíček Jan , Zaloga Aleksandr
Published: January 2023

This article describes the crystallography package ParaCell, which integrates several indexing methods. All methods share the basic infrastructure of the program, which uses GPUs to evaluate the correctness of the unit cell. The individually implemented indexing methods in the program are presented along with a comparison with other indexing software. The success and time requirements were tested on several data sets, including orthorhombic, monoclinic and triclinic examples.
Corporate heritage communication strategies of iconic Italian brands: a multiple case study
Authors: Sacco Federica , Conz Elisa
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The paper aims to explore how companies communicate their heritage by drawing on heritage marketing and corporate communications literature and mapping the corporate heritage communication strategies of iconic Italian brands.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts an inductive multiple case study approach, analysing the communication of corporate heritage by nine iconic Italian brands (Pastificio Lucio Garofalo, Barovier & Toso, Pasta Farina, Ducati, Amaro Montenegro, Fiat, Bonomelli, Olivetti and Illy).

Findings

In communicating corporate heritage, companies adopt different strategies that vary along two main dimensions – the subject of the story and the tone of voice of the content. The strategies are: (1) heritage for authenticity; (2) heritage for market leadership; and (3) heritage for continuity.

Practical implications

From a theoretical point of view, the study highlights that heritage marketing strategies vary according to underlying strategic themes and narrative approaches. From a managerial point of view, it offers a preliminary guide for the development of corporate heritage communications, also providing indications for their implementation.

Originality/value

This study is amongst the firsts to investigate the strategic antecedents that can shape corporate heritage communication strategies. It represents an integration of the existing literature, which is limited to the descriptive presentation of heritage marketing principles and tools.
Exploring causal recipes of startup acceptance into business incubators: a cross-country study
Authors: Capatina Alexandru , Cristea Dragos Sebastian , Micu Adrian , Micu Angela Eliza , Empoli Giuseppe , Codignola Federica
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims to outline the influence of various combinations of antecedent conditions for startups being accepted into business incubators in Italy and Romania. The degree to which these conditions affect acceptance is referred to here as the Business Ideas Acceptance Degree (BIAD). The antecedent conditions considered are business idea potential, business plan quality, entrepreneurial team features, business project progress stage, available financial resources, debts of potential incubated companies, commitment to apply for national/EU funds, business area related to incubator mission, proposed technological content level, technological transfer from university/research centres and spin-off of a partner-entity of the incubator.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodological toolkit used was mixed: correlation-based analysis (CBA), machine learning (ML) techniques and fsQCA. Principal component analysis enabled the selection of the most representative antecedent conditions from both business incubator samples in Italy and Romania, further used in fsQCA analyses. XGBoost algorithm has been also used. K-Means clustering, an unsupervised learning algorithm that groups unlabeled dataset into different clusters, led to the configuration of two clusters associated to each of the countries involved in this study (Romania and Italy).

Findings

The findings reveal the differences between the different antecedent conditions that can contribute to startups being accepted into business incubators in Italy and Romania. The validation of the fsQCA equifinality principle in both samples shows that the selected antecedent conditions, mixed in combinations of “causal recipes”, lead to a high BIAD by business incubators from both countries.

Originality/value

This study reveals the differences between different antecedent conditions, capable to contribute to the start-up acceptance within business incubators from Italy and Romania. Furthermore, the validation of fsQCA equifinality principle in both samples highlight that the selected antecedent conditions, mixed in combinations of causal recipes, lead to a high degree of business ideas' acceptance in business incubators.
Psychological time of green entrepreneurs: a mixed methods study of SMEs
Authors: Zabelina Ekaterina , Cruz-Cárdenas Jorge , Deyneka Olga , Maksimenko Aleksandr , Guadalupe-Lanas Jorge , Ramos-Galarza Carlos
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Green entrepreneurship is a topic of transcendental importance for today's societies. Studies on why entrepreneurs engage in green business have primarily focused on external influences, paying little attention to internal factors such as cognitive mechanisms. This study aims to fill this gap by focusing on the characteristics of the perceived (psychological) time of entrepreneurs who choose green businesses.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sequential exploratory mixed methods design, this study conducts a series of 20 in-depth interviews with green entrepreneurs in Russia, an emerging economy, and then formulates the hypotheses. The hypotheses are tested in the quantitative phase by surveying 389 green and non-green entrepreneurs.

Findings

The data obtained in the survey phase support several hypotheses. Specifically, green entrepreneurs think more critically about their past than their non-green colleagues. Similarly, green entrepreneurs have a longer time perspective and are more focused on possible future events. Finally, green entrepreneurs are farsighted and perceive the future more negatively than non-green entrepreneurs.

Research limitations/implications

The data obtained in the survey phase support several hypotheses. Compared with non-green entrepreneurs, green entrepreneurs think more critically about their past, have a longer time perspective and are more focused on possible future events. In addition, green entrepreneurs are farsighted and perceive the future more negatively than their non-green counterparts.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the least examined area in the relevant literature by identifying internal factors that explain green entrepreneurship. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is one of the first to provide an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of the perceived (psychological) time of green entrepreneurs.
Categorizing you and me: toward a typology of prejudice and justice in the organization
Authors: Chou Shih Yung , Barron Katelin , Ramser Charles
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Due to the dominant use of the singular view of the self-categorization process in the literature, this article seeks to develop a typology, from a dyadic categorization perspective, that describes different types of prejudice and justice in the organization based on one's self-categorization and others' categorization of one's self.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors develop a typology by drawing upon social identity, self-categorization and self-consistency theories.

Findings

The authors propose the following findings. First, the more an individual self-categorizes as an in-group member regardless of how others categorize the individual, the more likely the individual experiences a particular form of justice. Second, the more an individual self-categorizes as an out-group member regardless of how others categorize the individual, the more likely the individual experiences a particular form of prejudice. Finally, based on the dyadic categorization approach, the authors propose four distinct types of prejudice and justice: communal prejudice, self-induced prejudice, fantasized justice and actualized justice.

Originality/value

The authors advance the literature by providing a dyadic categorization view that helps describe employees' experience of prejudice or justice in the organization. Additionally, this article offers some managerial recommendations that help managers actualize true justice in the organization.
The paranoid style in the sociology of financial reporting principles
Authors: Rutherford Brian A.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to analyse the character and strength of the claims made in an emerging literature offering a sociology of financial reporting principles.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis evaluates exemplary works in the literature against the characteristics of the paranoid style first identified by Richard Hofstadter: overheated claims of a far-reaching, malign and collusive machinery of influence; a reductive, rationalistic and dualistic reading of events; weak empirics; and weak theorisation.

Findings

A significant stream within the literature is coming to be constructed in the paranoid style. Paranoid stylistics, used as a diagnostic tool, alerts us here to distorted judgement.

Research limitations/implications

Alternative ways of avoiding the dangers of paranoid-style readings are suggested, ranging from resisting the temptations towards such readings to a radical re-working of the epistemics of “socio-accounting”.

Practical implications

The danger of allowing the conclusions advanced in the literature to go unchallenged is that they may influence society’s attitude to accounting, public policy-making and scholars’ willingness to contribute to the crafting of reporting principles and standards.

Originality/value

Although paranoid style analysis has been widely used to examine narratives in other academic fields, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to apply it to scholarly accounting.
Atractylenolide III suppresses senescence‐associated secretome via inhibiting cGAS/NF‐κB pathway in hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Wu Hongyan , Wu Lixia , Xiao Linxia , Gu Yaqin , Liu Hongxia , Zhang Lihu , Zhang Mingguang , Qi Liang
Published: January 2023

Senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) is a stable growth arrest that is implicated in liver fibrosis regression. Senescent cells often accompanied by a multi‐faceted senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Induction of aHSCs senescence by inhibiting SASP may be a potential therapeutic model against hepatic fibrosis. To evaluate the role of atractylenolide III (ATR III) in the development of chemotherapeutic drug‐induced SASPs in hepatic stellate cells. Etoposide‐induced senescent HSC‐LX2 model was established and treated with ATR III at different concentrations (20, 30 and 40 μM). We found that ATR III dose‐dependently enhanced senescence in etoposide‐induced LX2 cells. ATR III dose‐dependently decreased the release and expression of SASP factors (interleukin [IL]‐1α, IL‐1β, IL6 and IL‐8) in senescent cells. ATR III regulated cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)/nuclear factor κ (NF‐κB) signalling to affect SASP expression in senescent cells. The addition of 2'3′ cGAMP counteracted the effect of ATR III. The release of SASP factors in the conditioned medium from senescent cells could affect cell migration, proliferation and contraction through paracrine manner. Our results indicated ATR III could still enter senescence and prevent the production of SASP and its paracrine effects in senescent cells, an effect that may be related to the possible inhibition of cGAS/NF‐κB signalling by ATR III. Our study proves that ATR III may be an effective potential drug against liver fibrosis by promoting aHSC senescence, which can provide a new choice for the future clinical treatment of liver fibrosis.
Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography and cross‐sectional anatomy of the trunk in the brownbanded bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum)
Authors: Ito Takaomi , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Kiyatake Itsuki , Izawa Takeshi , Furuya Masaru , Sasai Kazumi
Published: January 2023

Computed tomography (CT) is used in veterinary medicine for the diagnosis of bones and soft tissue diseases in various species. In addition, CT has recently been used to diagnose aquatic animals, including Selachimorpha, which are difficult to diagnose out of water. However, because Selachimorpha do not have adipose tissue in the coelomic cavity, the coelomic organs cannot be fully identified using non‐contrast CT (NCCT). The aim of this study is to present the anatomical features of the cadaver, NCCT, and contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT) as well as the change in CT values of the coelomic organs and musculature of the brownbanded bamboo shark. NCCT scans were performed under anaesthesia in one male and one female shark. CECT was performed 30 min after iopamidol was administered intravenously. The sharks were euthanized, frozen at −20°C, and sliced in the same position in which they were scanned. Using electric band saw, 10‐mm transversal sections were obtained. The anatomical structures of both males and females were identified by transversal sections, and CT images homologous to transversal sections were then selected. Sagittal and coronal CECT images were also obtained to facilitate understanding of the location and size of coelomic organs. Although bone structure and air in organs could be sufficiently discriminated on NCCT image, the coelomic organs were almost indistinguishable. On the other hand, CECT images obtained sufficient contrast to identify most coelomic organs in addition to bone and air. The results provide an atlas of a cross‐sectional anatomy and CECT images, which is useful information for the medical diagnosis of coelomic organs in live Selachimorpha.
Volatility Spillovers Among the Three Places Across the Taiwan Strait: Evidence from a BEKK‐CARR Approach*
Authors: Wu Chun Chou , Xu Wen
Published: January 2023

This study introduces a new BEKK‐CARR model to explore the volatility spillover effects among mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan stock markets during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We also extend the approach of Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012) to infer a brand‐new volatility spillover index to discuss the bi‐directional volatility transmission. Our results show that the trading information flow among these three markets has changed significantly as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The strength of volatility spillover is increasing during this momentous period. The Hong Kong stock market plays a pivotal role in volatility transmission. The values for half‐lives by exogenous shocks keep relatively low during the pandemic period. A reasonable explanation is that the trading information transmissions among stock markets are quicker than in the non‐pandemic period.
Machine learning liver histology scores correlate with portal hypertension assessments in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis
Authors: Noureddin Mazen , Goodman Zachary , Tai Dean , Chng Elaine L. K. , Ren Yayun , Boudes Pol , Shlevin Harold , Garcia‐Tsao Guadalupe , Harrison Stephen A. , Chalasani Naga P.
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims

In cirrhotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) clinical trials, primary efficacy endpoints have been hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), liver histology and clinical liver outcomes. Important histologic features, such as septa thickness, nodules features and fibrosis area have not been included in the histologic assessment and may have important clinical relevance. We assessed these features with a machine learning (ML) model.

Methods

NASH patients with compensated cirrhosis and HVPG ≥6 mm Hg (n = 143) from the Belapectin phase 2b trial were studied. Liver biopsies, HVPG measurements and upper endoscopies were performed at baseline and at end of treatment (EOT). A second harmonic generation/two‐photon excitation fluorescence provided an automated quantitative assessment of septa, nodules and fibrosis (SNOF). We created ML scores and tested their association with HVPG, clinically significant HVPG (≥10 mm Hg) and the presence of varices (SNOF‐V).

Results

We derived 448 histologic variables (243 related to septa, 21 related to nodules and 184 related to fibrosis). The SNOF score (≥11.78) reliably distinguished CSPH at baseline and in the validation cohort (baseline + EOT) [AUC = 0.85 and 0.74, respectively]. The SNOF‐V score (≥0.57) distinguished the presence of varices at baseline and in the same validation cohort [AUC = 0.86 and 0.73, respectively]. Finally, the SNOF‐C score differentiated those who had >20% change in HVPG against those who did not, with an AUROC of 0.89.

Conclusion

The ML algorithm accurately predicted HVPG, CSPH, the development of varices and HVPG changes in patients with NASH cirrhosis. The use of ML histology model in NASH cirrhosis trials may improve the assessment of key outcome changes.
Ethical leadership in a complex environment: A case study on Nunavik health organizations
Authors: Morin Geneviève , Talbot David
Published: January 2023

Despite being the primary homeland of Quebec's Inuit people, Nunavik's health care is typically planned and provided by non‐Inuit newcomers. This retrospective case study investigates the effects of ethical leadership on the Westernized local Nunavik health care system's cultural sensitivity to its disproportionately Inuit populations. An integrative framework is developed that considers the dimensions of ethical leadership and the omnibus and discrete dimensions of context. This study shows that some Nunavik health care managers seek to improve and adapt the system to the needs of their Inuit populations, while others do not. Unfortunately, the context restricts the former managers' ability to act consistently with their moral responsibilities and beliefs. Specifically, the findings show various institutional barriers to providing respectful and sensitive health care to Inuit. This study contributes to the scientific literature on ethical leadership by proposing an integrative conceptual framework. This framework illustrates how ethical leadership is inseparable from organizational context, identifying 16 contextual factors influencing managers' ethical behavior. Finally, three practical recommendations are proposed to highlight the omnibus and discrete context elements.
Clinical performance of magnetic resonance imaging and biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis in men at high genetic risk
Authors: Cussenot Olivier , Renard‐Penna Raphaele , Montagne Sarah , Ondet Valerie , Pilon Antoine , Guechot Jerome , Comperat Eva , Hamdy Freddie , Lamb Alastair , Cancel‐Tassin Geraldine
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To evaluate different scenarios for the management of early diagnosis of cancer (PCa) in men at high genetic risk, using recently developed blood and urinary molecular biomarkers in combination with clinical information alongside multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).

Patients and Methods

A total of 322 patients with a high genetic risk (familial or personal history of cancers or a predisposing germline variant) were included in this study. The primary outcome was the detection rates of PCa (positive biopsy) or clinically significant PCa (biopsy with International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade >1). Clinical parameters included age, body mass index, ancestry, and germline mutational status, mpMRI, prostate‐specific antigen density (PSAD), Prostate Health Index and urinary markers (Prostate Cancer Associated 3, SelectMdx™ and T2:ERG score) were assessed. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for each marker at their recommended cut‐off for clinical practice were calculated. Comparison between diagnoses accuracy of each procedure and scenario was computed using mutual information based and direct effect contribution using a supervised Bayesian network approach.

Results

A mpMRI Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) score ≥3 showed higher Se than mpMRI PI‐RADS score ≥4 for detection of PCa (82% vs 61%) and for the detection of ISUP grade >1 lesions (96% vs 80%). mpMRI PI‐RADS score ≥3 performed better than a PSA level of ≥3 ng/mL (Se 96%, Sp 53% vs Se 91%, Sp 8%) for detection of clinically significant PCa. In case of negative mpMRI results, the supervised Bayesian network approach showed that urinary markers (with the same accuracy for all) and PSAD of ≥0.10 ng/mL/mL were the most useful indicators of decision to biopsy.

Conclusions

We found that screening men at high genetic risk of PCa must be based on mpMRI without pre‐screening based on a PSA level of >3 ng/mL, to avoid missing too many ISUP grade >1 tumours and to significantly reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies. However, urinary markers or a PSAD of ≥0.10 ng/mL/mL when mpMRI was negative increased the detection of ISUP grade >1 cancers. We suggest that a baseline mpMRI be discussed for men at high genetic risk from the age of 40 years.
Shared functional network abnormality in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and their siblings
Authors: Wang Kangrun , Xie Fangfang , Liu Chaorong , Wang Ge , Zhang Min , He Jialinzi , Tan Langzi , Tang Haiyun , Chen Fenghua , Xiao Bo , Song Yanmin , Long Lili
Published: January 2023

Aim

Temporal lobe epilepsy is a neurological network disease in which genetics played a greater role than previously appreciated. This study aimed to explore shared functional network abnormalities in patients with sporadic temporal lobe epilepsy and their unaffected siblings.

Methods

Fifty‐eight patients with sporadic temporal lobe epilepsy, 13 unaffected siblings, and 30 healthy controls participated in this cross‐sectional study. We examined the task‐based whole‐brain functional network topology and the effective functional connectivity between networks identified by group‐independent component analysis.

Results

We observed increased global efficiency, decreased clustering coefficiency, and decreased small‐worldness in patients and siblings (p < 0.05, false discovery rate‐corrected). The effective network connectivity from the ventral attention network to the limbic system was impaired (p < 0.001, false discovery rate‐corrected). These features had higher prevalence in unaffected siblings than in normal population and was not correlated with disease burden. In addition, topological abnormalities had a high intraclass correlation between patients and their siblings.

Conclusion

Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and their unaffected siblings showed shared topological functional disturbance and the effective functional network connectivity impairment. These abnormalities may contribute to the pathogenesis that promotes the susceptibility of seizures and language decline in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Evaluation of pulmonary artery stiffness and right ventricle functions in polycythemia vera patients by transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Karaca Yücel , Hidayet Şıho , Bayramoğlu Adil , Yıldırım Erkan , Berber İlhami , Güven Fatih , Yiğit Yakup , Ulutaş Zeynep , Karaca Aylin Dolu , Hidayet Emine
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Polycythemia vera (PV) is known to be a subgroup of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms and is recognized as a cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Pulmonary artery stiffness (PAS) is a relatively new noninvasive echocardiographic index developed to evaluate the structural features and functions of the pulmonary vascular bed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate right ventricular (RV) functions and PAS in PV patients and healthy controls.

Methods

A group of 65 consecutive PV patients and 40 healthy controls were included in the study. RV global longitudinal strain (RVGLS) and RV free wall longitudinal strain were (RVFwLS) evaluated using two‐dimensional (2D) strain echocardiography. RV volume, systolic and diastolic functions were evaluated with three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography. PAS was calculated using the maximum frequency shift (MFS) and acceleration time of the pulmonary artery flow trace.

Results

PAS values were significantly higher in the PV group than in the control group (25.2 ± 5.2 vs. 18.2 ± 4.2, p < .001). We found that tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (p < .001), RV fractional area change (p < .001) and RV ejection fraction (p < .001) measurements evaluated by 3D echocardiography were significantly lower in the PV group.

Conclusion

In our study, PAS values were higher in PV patients than in the healthy control group. Patients with PV may have subclinical RV dysfunction, and PAS value can be used in the early diagnosis of PH and RV dysfunction in this patient group.
Managing vertebrate pest Sambar Deer at low abundance in mountains
Authors: Pulsford Stephanie , Roberts Louisa , Elford Mark
Published: January 2023

Invasive species such as vertebrate herbivores cause threats to native ecosystems through causing changes to vegetation composition and structure, competition, ecosystem engineering, impacts on soil, and through spreading disease. In the mountainous country of Australia, Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) are becoming an increasing threat to fragile and endangered ecosystems, which are also facing other significant threats such as climate change. Methods for ameliorating these impacts are currently limited to lethal control programmes through shooting or fencing key areas. Fencing is not a viable option for large areas and can have large logistical costs as well as negative ecological outcomes. This study aimed to compare two shooting methods (ground shooting vs thermally assisted aerial culling with thermal image operator) for controlling sambar at low densities in a mountainous area. This programme was the first to use this specific thermal technique for deer in mountainous country in Australia. We found that thermally assisted aerial culling was more effective for removing Sambar than ground shooting. Thermally assisted aerial culling removed more Sambar in total, shot more animals per hour, covered a larger search area, was cheaper per hectare covered, and had very high “seen”, “targeted”, and “shot” ratios. Ground shooting sessions were lower in cost overall, but the cost per hectare was higher and rate of Sambar shot was lower than that of thermally assisted aerial culling. Ground shooting did remove more Sambar per hectare as ground shooting focuses on a smaller area, but this advantage is outweighed by the fact that thermally assisted shooting also allowed the concurrent removal of Feral Pigs. This work indicates that thermally assisted aerial culling is the preferred method for effective management of Sambar in an alpine environment. Ground shooting may be beneficial when Sambar are concentrated in key areas or to complement initial knock down by thermally assisted aerial culling.
The effects of influencer type, regulatory focus, and perceived authenticity on consumers' purchase intention
Authors: Ren Linan , Lee Seok Kee , Chun Sungyong
Published: January 2023

Companies often use influencers to promote their products, and many celebrities have expanded their activities on social media as influencers. In this work, we classified influencers into celebrity and noncelebrity groups and analyzed how they affect consumers' purchase intention. We also analyzed how psychological variables, such as regulatory focus and perceived authenticity affect this process. We conducted three studies with consumers in China, South Korea, and the United States who participated in each between‐subjects experiment. The results showed that people have higher purchase intention for products recommended by noncelebrity influencers than those recommended by celebrity influencers. We also found that regulatory focus moderates the relationship between the influencer type and consumers' purchase intention. Purchase intention for products recommended by noncelebrity influencers were stronger among prevention‐focused consumers. However, no significant difference in the effect of influencer type was found among promotion‐focused consumers. We found that perceived authenticity mediated this moderating effect. The results of this study provide effective marketing strategies and implications for companies when they use influencers as a tool for marketing activities.
The effect of temperature and dietary energy content on female maturation and egg nutritional content in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Maamela Katja S. , Åsheim Eirik R. , Debes Paul V. , House Andrew H. , Erkinaro Jaakko , Liljeström Petra , Primmer Craig R. , Mobley Kenyon B.
Published: January 2023

The environment experienced by a female influences reproductive traits in many species of fish. Environmental factors such as temperature and diet are not only important mediators of female maturation and reproduction but also of egg traits and offspring fitness through maternal provisioning. In this study, we use 3‐year‐old tank‐reared Atlantic salmon from two Finnish populations to investigate the effect of temperature and diet on maturation and egg traits. We show that a temperature difference of 2°C is sufficient to delay maturation in female Atlantic salmon whereas a 22% reduction in dietary energy content had no effect on maturation. Diet did not influence the body size, condition or fecundity of the mature females or the size or protein content of the eggs. However, a higher energy diet increased egg lipid content. Neither female body size nor condition were associated with egg size or fat/protein composition. Our results indicate that female salmon that have a poorer diet in terms of energy content may have a reproductive disadvantage due to the lower energy provisioning of eggs. This disadvantage has the potential to translate into fitness consequences for their offspring.