bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting infectivity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi from soil variables using Generalized Additive Models and Generalized Linear Models
Authors: DJUUNA IRNANDA AIKO FIFI , ABBOTT2 LYNETTE K. , NIEL KIMBERLY VAN
Published: July 2014

Djuuna IAF, Abbott LK, Van Niel K (2010) Predicting infectivity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi from soil variables using Generalized Additive Models and Generalized Linear Models. Biodiversitas 11: 145-150. The objective of this study was to predict the infectivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi), from field soil based on soil properties and land use history using generalized additive models (GAMs) and generalized linear models (GLMs). A total of 291 soil samples from a farm in Western Australia near Wickepin were collected and used in this study. Nine soil properties, including elevation, pH, EC, total C, total N, P, K, microbial biomass carbon, and soil texture, and land use history of the farm were used as independent variables, while the percentage of root length colonized (%RLC)was used as the dependent variable. GAMs parameterized for the percent of root length colonized suggested skewed quadratic responses to soil pH and microbial biomass carbon; cubic responses to elevation and soil K; and linear responses to soil P, EC and total C. The strength of the relationship between percent root length colonized by AM fungi and environmental variables showed that only elevation, total C and microbial biomass carbon had strong relationships. In general, GAMs and GLMs models confirmed the strong relationship between infectivity of AM fungi (assessed in a glasshouse bioassay for soil collected in summer prior to the first rain of the season) and soil properties.Key words: AM Fungi, GAM, GLM, land use.
Marine Actinomycetes screening of Banten West Coast and their antibiotics purification
Authors: SUNARYANTO ROFIQ , MARWOTO BAMBANG
Published: July 2014

Sunaryanto R, Marwoto B (2010) Marine Actinomycetes screening of Banten West Coast and their antibiotics purification. Biodiversitas 11: 176-181. Isolation and purification of active compounds produced by marine Actinomycetes has been carried out. Marine sediment samples were obtained from six different places at Anyer, Banten West Coast in October 20, 2007. Isolation was carried out using two methods pretreatments, acid treatment and heat shock treatment. A total of 29 Actinomycetes isolates were obtained from the various sediment samples collected, then tested for antimicrobial test against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 66923, Candida albicans BIOMCC00122 and Aspergillus niger BIOMCC00134. Identification of potential isolate was carried out using 16S rRNA. Purification of active compound was carriedout using silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Result of this research showed that isolate A11 produced the most active compound against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Morphology and identification test using 16S rRNA gen showed that isolate A11 is Streptomyces sp. Production of active compound from isolate A11 used yeast peptone medium. The single peak of active compound was detected by HPLC and showed retention time on 8.35 min and maximum absorbance UV visible of antibiotic was 210 nm and 274.5 nm. Active purified compound showed inhibition activity to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to E. coli ATCC 25922 was 27 Î¼g/mL, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 68.7 Î¼g/mL, S. aureus ATCC 2592380.2 Î¼g/mL, and B. subtilis ATCC 66923 73.7 Î¼g/mL.Key words: marine Actinomycetes, isolation, screening, antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration
Morphological variation of Hoya multiflora Blume at different habitat type of Bodogol Research Station of Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia
Authors: RAHAYU SRI , JUSUF MUHAMMAD , SUHARSONO SUHARSONO , KUSMANA CECEP , ABDULHADI ROCHADI
Published: July 2014

Rahayu S, Jusuf M, Suharsono, Kusmana C, Abdulhadi R. (2010) Morphological variation of Hoya multiflora Blume at different habitat type of Bodogol Research Station of Gunung Gede Pangrango Natonal Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 11: 187-193. Hoya multiflora Blume (Asclepiadaceae) is an Asiatic tropical epiphytic shrub which has been utilized as ornamental plant and reported to possess medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological variation of Hoya multiflora populations at the different habitat types of Bodogol Research Station of Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park in Indonesia. We collected 48 samples from three sub populations with six different habitat types. Morphological variation was found in stem, leave, and inflorescence. According to thediscriminant and cluster analysis, the 48 samples were separated into three groups at 12% dissimilarity. The groups were determined by canopy cover degree.Key words: morphological diversity, Hoya multiflora, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
The effects of forest burning and logging toward regeneration ability of Sowang (Xanthostemon novaguineense Valet.) in Cycloop Mountain, Jayapura, Papua
Authors: WILUJENG SRI
Published: July 2014

Wilujeng S (2010) The effects of forest burning and logging toward regeneration ability of Sowang (Xanthostemon novaguineense Valet.) in Cycloop Mountain, Jayapura, Papua. Biodiversitas 11: 194-199. Sowang (Xanthostemon novaguineense Valet.) is an endemic plant of New Guinea Island, which is threatened by human activities through land conversion, forest burning and logging. This research aims to know the Sowang developmental phase and stem branching, seedling dominance level, and effect of environmental factor alteration towards the amount of Sowang seedlings at burning and logging areas, and natural forest as control parameters. Sowang stem, derived from shoot of burning area, grows branchy from the lower part of stem. Sowang stem derived from seed grows monopodially. Sowang seedling, derived from stem shoot of burning area, have already started flowering phase that occurs all seasons. Individual of Sowang, derived from seed of logging area and natural forest, flowers on the tree level once a year. Sowang seedling became dominant species at burning area. Environmental factors affect Sowang seedling population density were crown covering and light intensity.Key words: population, Sowang, Xanthostemon novaguineense, branching, flowering, domination
Recognition of seasonal effect on captive Sumatran Sambar deer reproductive cyclicity and sexual behaviors
Authors: PUTRANTO HERI DWI , SOETRISNO EDI , NURMEILIASARI NURMEILIASARI , ZUENI AHMAD , GIBSON BERRY
Published: July 2014

Putranto HD, Soetrisno E, Nurmeiliasari, Zueni A, Gibson B (2010) Recognition of seasonal effect on captive Sumatran Sambar deer reproductive cyclicity and sexual behaviors. Biodiversitas 11: 200-203. The objective of this study was to identify seasonal effect on reproductive cyclicity of a captive female Sumatran sambar deer by monitoring its visual estrus manifestations and visual sexual behaviors in buck during female natural estrus in ex situ habitat. A pair of six years of age Sumatran sambar deer was used in this study.Daily observation of visual estrus manifestations of doe and visual sexual behaviors of buck was conducted using focal-animal sampling by two animal keepers during 0800 to 1700 h from June-July 2009 (dry season) to August-September 2009 (rainy season). Doe visual estrus manifestations include apparent reddening and swelling of the external genitalia, loss of appetite and a natural tendency of the doe to approach the buck. There was no significant effect of season on doe visual estrus manifestations and buck sexual behaviors (p > 0.05),except for loss of appetite and fighting behavior, respectively. Estrus was observed monthly and result of the cycle was 25.00 Â± 5.22 days. It is possible to assess non-invasively estrous cycle of Sumatran sambar deer by the observation of visual estrus manifestations and there was less of seasonal effect on doe-buck sexual behaviors during female natural estrus in ex situ habitat.Key words: estrous cycle, sambar deer, seasonal effect, sexual behavior.
Diversity of some fauna in National Chambal Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: MESHRAM PREMANAND KALKRISHANA
Published: July 2014

Meshram PM (2010) Diversity of some fauna in National Chambal Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh, India. Biodiversitas 11: 211-215. National Chambal Sanctuary (NCS) gives very good account of avifauna. It over emphasizes significant and important birds species available which are of National and International importance. Crocodiles use sand banks for nesting and basking. Fauna in the NCS is very much influenced by various factors like habitat suitability and protection of their habitats. Their distribution is depending on availability of deep water pools. Another important factors on which distribution of animals depends long stretches of long sand banks. Sloppy to steep sand bank with loose soil were good habitats for nesting of crocodiles, turtles and birds. NCS areas were considerablyaltered and there were disturbance by the sand miners, poachers, fishermen and farmers. Consequently the poor survival is recommended to greater protection by management practices. Effective co-operations between the Forest Department of Madhya Pradesh and neighbouring states were needed as sand mining and poaching becomes an interstate problem. Thus, strategic location of this site in the migratory route of water birds enhances its importance as a significant water bird habitat. In the present study diversity ofsome fauna in NCS is discussed.Key words: National Chambal Sanctuary, fauna, diversity
The Power and Persistence of Contextual Priming: More Risks in Using Police Transcripts to Aid Jurors' Perception of Poor Quality Covert Recordings
Authors: Fraser Helen , Stevenson Bruce
Published: July 2014

A poor quality covert recording from an Australian murder case, along with the police transcript used in the trial but later shown to be inaccurate, are used to explore general issues regarding this increasingly common type of evidence. Two experiments were run, in which participants heard an excerpt from the audio, first with no transcript, then with suggested and alternative transcripts. In Experiment 1, they were given no contextual information, while Experiment 2 started with a background story about the case and the issue the recording was intended to resolve. Results indicate that background knowledge of a case can dramatically increase listeners' acceptance of a police transcript, even when the transcript is manifestly inaccurate. It is suggested that such contextual priming may affect not just juries but others involved with the trial, and recommended that police transcripts be treated with more caution than is currently common with Australia's ‘ad hoc expert’ rules.
The Ancestress figure: Puritanism in Martha Graham’s choreography
Authors: Simonari Rosella
Published: July 2014

Puritanism, in Martha Graham’s dance work, has been an important conception for the development of her style, but has not been thoroughly analyzed by scholars. The Ancestress, in one of her most interesting and neglected pieces, Letter to the World (1940), embodies a powerful interpretation of Puritanism. The idea of focusing on a single character stems from the resonances it produces on the choreography and on Graham’s production at large.

Letter to the World is about Emily Dickinson’s poetry and personality, and the Ancestress represents the puritanical force of tradition that attempts to stop the growth of the poet’s (creative) life. In this sense, she can be compared to Mother Ann Lee, leader of the Shakers, who preached chastity among her acolytes and to the way William Carlos Williams portrays the Puritans in his book of essays, In the American Grain (1925), a book that influenced Graham’s vision. Puritanism undergoes an interesting transformation this time in one of Graham’s dance’s most celebrated pieces, Appalachian Spring (1944), where the Revivalist sums up what the Ancestress represented with three twists in terms of name, gender and dance.
The Use of Accrual Accounting in New Zealand’s Central Government: Second Thoughts
Authors: Newberry Susan
Published: July 2014

Business-style accrual accounting for governmental budgeting and financial reporting is widely promoted as appropriate for governments and promoted as successful in the countries that have already adopted it. There are, however, both constitutional and democratic reasons for close attention to their implications and effects. Accounting has a power of its own and, matters that “appear on the surface to be technical … can be found to be intimately tied up with political, behavioural and constitutional concerns” (
Melodrama and Narrative Fiction: Towards a Typology
Authors: Straub Julia
Published: July 2014

Recent research on melodrama has stressed its versatility and ubiquity by approaching it as a mode of expression rather than a theatrical genre. A variety of contexts in which melodrama is at work have been explored, but only little scholarly attention has been paid to the relationship between melodrama and novels, short stories and novellas. This article proposes a typology of melodrama in narrative prose fiction, examining four different categories: Melodrama and Sentimentalism, Depiction of Melodramatic Performances in Narrative Prose Fiction, Theatrical Antics and Aesthetics in Narrative Prose Fiction and Meta-Melodrama. Its aim is to clarify the ways in which melodrama, ever since its early days on the stages of late eighteenth-century Europe, has interacted with fictional prose narratives, thereby shaping the literary imagination in the Anglophone world.
An American Odyssey of Suffering: Aesthetic Strategies in Steve McQueen’s 12 Years a Slave
Authors: Loren Scott
Published: July 2014

In her seminal study on racial melodrama, Linda Williams suggested that “variations of the melodrama of black and white continue to be necessary to the way mass American culture ‘talks to itself’ about race” (2001: 301), with cinema as a means for cultures to reflect on unresolved social tensions through fictional forms. Williams’s choice of phraseology is reflexive of the theory ­informing her book: melodrama, a protean meta-genre and cultural mode, mobilizes cinematic aesthetic hyperbole and filmic realism, seeking to make an unspeakable moral order “legible”; a “mute text” used to conjure occult knowledge (This concept is established in Peter Brooks’s The Melodramatic Imagination: Balzac, Henry James, Melodrama, and the Mode of Excess (1976). See Williams 315, endnote 17 for her use of the terms “moral occult” and “moral legibility”.). Configured around signs of virtue and villainy through racial difference, racial melodrama’s Manichaeism of good and evil allows for intense, emotive cinematic identification, capable of reconciling “the irreconcilables of American culture” (Williams 2001: 299). Hailed as the most important cinematic event in years, the critical success of Steve McQueen’s 12 Years a Slave (2013) seems to attest to the continuing legitimacy of Williams’s claims (See, for example, the The Guardian reviews and the list of accolades at imdb.com:  [accessed 13 February 2014].  [accessed 10 February 2014].). This paper positions 12 Years a Slave in a melodramatic thematics of race. Examining the narrative and aesthetic strategies of McQueen’s adaptation alongside generic conventions, it considers the ways in which the film, as a racial melodrama, negotiates ambivalences and contingencies of historic national trauma through a narrative of Manichaean moral legibility.
Virtual patient case: study of a urinary incontinence therapy procedure in a woman
Authors: Stangel-Wójcikiewicz Klaudia , Piwowar Monika , Migdał Małgorzata , Skotniczny Krzysztof
Published: July 2014

The aim of the study was to present a case of virtual patient with urinary incontinence (UI), the treatment especially based on the new muscle-derived stem cell (MDSC) procedure. With the use of e-learning systems, the UI patient’s classical follow-up as well as MDSC sphincter injection therapy are shown. The “Virtual Patient” case allowed us to demonstrate the main results and the creation of a robotic system from the MDSC study. In this way, the authors will disseminate the new procedure developed in Collegium Medicum JU in UI patients. The “Virtual Patient” case may help students get involved in this new procedure along the main program.
Monodromy of A-hypergeometric functions
Authors: Beukers Frits
Published: July 2014

Using Mellin–Barnes integrals we give a method to compute
elements of the monodromy group of an A-hypergeometric system
of differential equations. The method works under the assumption that
the A-hypergeometric system has a basis of solutions consisting of Mellin–Barnes
integrals. Hopefully these elements generate the full monodromy group, but this
has only been verified in some special cases.
The Development of Peirce’s Logic and Semeiotic Theory of Notation
Authors: Anellis Irving H.
Published: July 2014

In this contribution I recount the history of the development of modern logic in the late 19th century and early 20th century in order to explicate the role played in it of Charles S. Peirce and his semeiotic
Kants „Ich“ in „Ich soll …“ und Freuds Über-Ich
Authors: Longuenesse Béatrice
Published: July 2014

Kant’s and Freud’s respective investigations of the mind obey fundamentally different concerns. And yet their views of the structure of our mental life are strikingly similar. The article explores some of those similarities. It compares Kant’s transcendental unity of apperception and the organization of mental processes Freud calls ‘ego’ (Ich). It then proceeds to compare Kant’s categorical imperative of morality and Freud’s structure of ego/superego (Ich/ÜberIch). Freud’s structural view of the mind, it is suggested, might offer a developmental account of just those aspects of mental life Kant thought could be explained only by appealing to our belonging in a noumenal world escaping the deterministic laws of the natural world. However, Freud’s approach is exclusively developmental. He does not take any position on questions of justification, the very questions that are central to Kant’s concern. The paper offers a cautious response to the question: what remains, under the Freudian developmental account, of the justificatory ambition of Kant’s formulation of the categorical imperative as an imperative of pure practical reason?
Privateigentum, Verdinglichungskritik und die Vergesellschaftung der Produktionsmittel
Authors: Brunkhorst Hauke
Published: July 2014

The problem of a society based on private ownership of productive forces is the unequal and unjust conditions of producing economic wealth and political power. The bourgeois legal concept of private property is a paradigmatic combination of the reification of universal concepts and class-interest. An exemplary case is Hegel’s Philosophy of Law. The essay tries to reconstruct the idea of democratic socialism as a still workable alternative.
Historisches Unrecht im Völker- und Weltbürgerrecht
Authors: Niesen Peter
Published: July 2014

In his writings on international and cosmopolitan law, Kant condemns all unlawful annexations and especially European expansionism. Although his late works develop a staunch anti-colonial position, they contain little advice on how historic injustice is to be set right, especially whether and how claims to the restitution of territory ought to be satisfied. In order to give a systematic answer to the question, I introduce a threefold distinction between stages of international law. It is then argued that while Kant is skeptical about restitutive rights and duties as a matter of natural international law, he defends restitutive duties on the level of transitional international law. It can also be shown that violations of cosmopolitan law trigger more stringent duties of restoration than violations of international law.
A study on obtaining nonwovens using polyhydroxyalkanoates and the melt-blown technique
Authors: Sójka-Ledakowicz Jadwiga , Łatwińska Marta , Kudzin Marcin , Klepacz-Smółka Anna
Published: July 2014

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] nonwovens were obtained from polymers enriched with nucleants using the melt-blown technique. The most important physico-mechanical parameters, susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation (in neutral and alkaline medium) and to biodegradation, were analysed for the obtained nonwovens. It was determined that P(3HB) nonwovens, compared to popular polypropylene (PP) nonwovens, are characterized by elementary fibres with several times greater average diameter, greater mass per unit area and greater air permeability value. P(3HB) nonwovens are, on average, seven times more susceptible to breakage, and their elongation at maximum force is more than 50 times smaller than that for PP nonwovens. Hydrolysis of P(3HB) nonwovens is faster in an alkaline than in a neutral medium, and the observed relationships led to the conclusion that, at the start, short chains are subject to hydrolysis. Analysis of the weight loss associated with the degradation in bioreactors showed that P(3HB) nonwovens are more susceptible to biodegradation under anaerobic than under aerobic conditions.
Post-course subjective outcome evaluation of a subject on leadership and intrapersonal development for university students in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu
Published: July 2014

To investigate the perceived effects of a subject on leadership and intrapersonal development offered at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, a 48-item Subjective Outcome Evaluation Scale was implemented on a sample of first-year undergraduate students (n=800) in the academic year of 2012–2013. Consistent with our expectation, factor analyses showed that there are three dimensions (program, instructor, and benefits) intrinsic to the scale. Similar to previous findings, results showed that students had positive perceptions about the subject content and teachers, and most of the students perceived the subject as beneficial to their holistic development. Both perceived qualities of the program and instructor were significant predictors of the perceived effectiveness of the program. Perceived qualities of the program, instructors, and benefits predicted students’ overall satisfaction with the program.
Post-lecture subjective outcome evaluation of a university subject on leadership and positive youth development in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Leung Hildie
Published: July 2014

Post-lecture subjective outcome evaluation findings of a university subject promoting the leadership qualities and positive youth development of students at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University are reported. Students were invited to respond to a 16-item post-lecture questionnaire gauging their perceptions toward the subject, lecture, and the teachers after each of the 13 lectures. Factor analysis demonstrated that three factors were abstracted from the scale, including subject attributes, lecture attributes, and teacher attributes. Normative findings showed that students had positive perceptions on each of the dimensions throughout the lectures. Multiple regression analyses revealed that subject attributes, lecture attributes, and teacher attributes predicted global evaluation of the lecture and teacher. Based on the subjective outcome evaluation findings, the present study provides further support for the effectiveness of this subject in promoting the holistic development of the students.
The students were happy, but did they change positively?
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu , Ma Cecilia M.S.
Published: July 2014

At The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, a 2-credit General Education subject entitled “Service Leadership” was developed to promote service leadership qualities (including leadership competencies, moral character, and caring disposition) in university students. The subject was piloted in one class with 60 students in the 2012/2013 academic year. Pretest and posttest data utilizing measures of positive youth development, life satisfaction, and service leadership qualities were collected. Positive changes in the program participants were found, particularly for measures in behavioral competence, moral competence, character strengths, general positive youth development qualities, and overall service leadership qualities. The present study provided preliminary support for the effectiveness of the subject in nurturing service leadership qualities of Chinese university students in Hong Kong.
Cell cycle checkpoints and pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection: a brief overview
Authors: Kurapati Kesava Rao V. , Samikkannu Thangavel , Atluri Venkata Subba Rao , Nair Madhavan P.N.
Published: July 2014

To understand HIV pathogenesis or development is no simple undertaking and neither is the cell cycle which is highly complex that requires the coordination of multiple events and machinery. It is interesting that these two processes are interrelated, intersect and interact as HIV-1 infection results in cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase which is accompanied by massive CD4+ T cell death. For its own benefit, in an impressive manner and with the overabundance of tactics, HIV maneuvers DNA damage responses and cell cycle check points for viral replication at different stages from infection, to latency and to pathogenesis. Although the cell cycle is the most critical aspect involved in both viral and cellular replication, in this review, our main focus is on recent developments, including our own observations in the field of cell cycle proteins, checkpoints and strategies utilized by the viruses to manipulate these pathways to promote their own replication and survival. We will also discuss the emerging concept of targeting the replication initiation machinery for HIV therapy.
Short-term learning effect in different psychoacoustic measures
Authors: Fostick Leah , Wechsler Shira , Peretz Elisheva
Published: July 2014

Background: Learning effect has been studied in the literature, but the learning done in short-term training has not been studied. Also, to date, the learning effect of different psychoacoustic measures has not been compared. In the current study, we compared the perceptual learning effect caused by performing four different auditory temporal processing (ATP) tasks in a short-term training design including two training sessions.

Methods: A total of 74 young, normal-hearing participants each performed one of the following tasks: spectral temporal order judgment (TOJ), dichotic TOJ, gap detection, or duration discrimination. Each task was performed in two consecutive sessions.

Results: A learning effect was observed only for the spectral TOJ task. The change from the first to the second session was larger in spectral TOJ (81%) than in dichotic TOJ (2%), gap detection (7%), and duration discrimination (5%).

Conclusions: The difference in perceptual learning between spectral TOJ and other ATP tasks suggests that the performance of this task involves other cue(s) in addition to the temporal one.
Investigation of the mechanism of soft tissue conduction explains several perplexing auditory phenomena
Authors: Adelman Cahtia , Chordekar Shai , Perez Ronen , Sohmer Haim
Published: July 2014

Soft tissue conduction (STC) is a recently expounded mode of auditory stimulation in which the clinical bone vibrator delivers auditory frequency vibratory stimuli to skin sites on the head, neck, and thorax. Investigation of the mechanism of STC stimulation has served as a platform for the elucidation of the mechanics of cochlear activation, in general, and to a better understanding of several perplexing auditory phenomena. This review demonstrates that it is likely that the cochlear hair cells can be directly activated at low sound intensities by the fluid pressures initiated in the cochlea; that the fetus in utero, completely enveloped in amniotic fluid, hears by STC; that a speaker hears his/her own voice by air conduction and by STC; and that pulsatile tinnitus is likely due to pulsatile turbulent blood flow producing fluid pressures that reach the cochlea through the soft tissues.
The mechanism of direct stimulation of the cochlea by vibrating the round window
Authors: Perez Ronen , Adelman Cahtia , Chordekar Shai , de Jong Marrigje A. , Sohmer Haim
Published: July 2014

Background: Active middle ear implants such as the vibrant sound bridge (VSB) have been placed on the round window (RW) in patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss, with satisfactory hearing results. Several observations show that the mechanism of RW stimulation is not completely understood. The purpose of the present study was to compare different coupling procedures between the transducer and the RW in order to contribute to an understanding of the mechanism of RW stimulation.

Methods: Five fat sand rats underwent ablation of the left ear and opening of the right bulla, followed by baseline measurements of thresholds of auditory nerve brainstem evoked responses (ABR) to air and bone conduction click stimuli. Subsequently the malleus and incus were removed from the right middle ear, modeling a conductive hearing loss in which the VSB on the RW is indicated. In the next stage of the experiment, a rod attached to the bone vibrator was placed gently on the RW membrane and then on saline fluid applied to the RW niche. ABR thresholds were recorded following both placements.

Results: Mean baseline ABR threshold in response to air conduction stimuli was 48±4 dB; mean ABR threshold when the rod was placed on the dry RW membrane was 99±12 dB; mean ABR threshold when the rod was in the saline on RW niche was 79±7 dB.

Conclusions: ABR thresholds were better (lower) with stimulation of fluid on the RW membrane compared to direct stimulation of the RW, providing further evidence of a direct fluid pathway.
Long-term depression at distinct glutamatergic synapses in the basal ganglia
Authors: Dupuis Julien P. , Bioulac Bernard H. , Baufreton Jérôme
Published: July 2014

Long-term adaptations of synaptic transmission are believed to be the cellular basis of information storage in the brain. In particular, long-term depression of excitatory neurotransmission has been under intense investigation since convergent lines of evidence support a crucial role for this process in learning and memory. Within the basal ganglia, a network of subcortical nuclei forming a key part of the extrapyramidal motor system, plasticity at excitatory synapses is essential to the regulation of motor, cognitive, and reward functions. The striatum, the main gateway of the basal ganglia, receives convergent excitatory inputs from cortical areas and transmits information to the network output structures and is a major site of activity-dependent plasticity. Indeed, long-term depression at cortico-striatal synapses modulates the transfer of information to basal ganglia output structures and affects voluntary movement execution. Cortico-striatal plasticity is thus considered as a cellular substrate for adaptive motor control. Downstream in this network, the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra nuclei also receive glutamatergic innervation from the cortex and the subthalamic nucleus, respectively. Although these connections have been less investigated, recent studies have started to unravel the molecular mechanisms that contribute to adjustments in the strength of cortico-subthalamic and subthalamo-nigral transmissions, revealing that adaptations at these synapses governing the output of the network could also contribute to motor planning and execution. Here, we review our current understanding of long-term depression mechanisms at basal ganglia glutamatergic synapses and emphasize the common and unique plastic features observed at successive levels of the network in healthy and pathological conditions.
The Impact of the Regulatory Reform Process on the R&D Investment of European Electricity Utilities
Authors: Schmitt Stephan , Kucsera Denes
Published: July 2014

The aim of this paper is to provide deeper insights into the impact of regulatory reforms and privatization on the R&D spending of electricity utilities. Building on a novel panel data set including the biggest European utilities from eight EU countries over a period from 1985 to 2010, we find that the overall influence of the European regulatory reform process on R&D investment is ambiguous. The empirical evidence indicates that the approaching liberalization process, i.e., nearing competition, has a dampening effect on R&D spending. Utilities reduce their expenses due to increased uncertainties and additional risks. However, once the market and regulatory framework conditions have been set up and firms have become used to the new situation, higher levels of competition positively influence R&D and former incumbents invest more in order to “escape” from the competition. Moreover, we find no indication that (ownership) unbundling and incentive regulation directly affect the research expenditures of the utilities. In contrast, the privatization of utilities seems to have strong negative consequences for their amount of R&D spending.
Asymptotics of a fundamental solution system for a quasidifferential equation with measures on the semiaxis
Authors: Makhnei O.V.
Published: July 2014

With the help of a conception of quasiderivatives asymptotic formulas for a fundamental solution system of a quasidifferential equation with measures on the semiaxis $[0,\infty)$ are constructed. The obtained asymptotic formulas allow to investigate asymptotics of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the corresponding boundary value problem.
On continuity of homomorphisms between topological Clifford semigroups
Authors: Pastukhova I.
Published: July 2014

Generalizing an old result of Bowman we prove that a homomorphism $f:X\to Y$ between topological Clifford semigroups is continuous if the idempotent band $E_X=\{x\in X:xx=x\}$ of $X$ is a $V$-semilattice;the topological Clifford semigroup $Y$ is ditopological;the restriction $f|E_X$ is continuous;for each subgroup $H\subset X$ the restriction $f|H$ is continuous.
On some properties of Korobov polynomials
Authors: Pylypiv V.M. , Malarchuk A.R.
Published: July 2014

We represent Korobov polynomials as paradeterminants of triangular matrices and prove some of their properties.
The heat equation on line with random right part from Orlicz space
Authors: Slyvka-Tylyshchak A.I.
Published: July 2014

In this paper the heat equation with random right part is examined. In particular, we give conditions for existence with probability one of the solutions in the case when the right part is a random field, sample continuous with probability one from the Orlicz space. Estimation for the distribution of the supremum of solutions of such equations is found.
$(\delta, \gamma)$-Dunkl Lipschitz functions in the space $\mathrm{L}^{2}(\mathbb{R}, |x|^{2\alpha+1}dx)$
Authors: El Hamma M. , Lahlali H. , Daher R.
Published: July 2014

Using a generalized Dunkl translation, we obtain an analog of Theorem 5.2 in Younis' paper [2] for the Dunkl transform for functions satisfying the $(\delta, \gamma)$-Dunkl Lipschitz condition in the space $\mathrm{L}^{2}(\mathbb{R}, |x|^{2\alpha+1}dx)$.}
Calculation algorithm of rational estimations of recurrence periodical fourth order fraction
Authors: Zatorsky R.A. , Semenchuk A.V.
Published: July 2014

Recurrence fourth order fractions are studied. Connection with algebraic fourth order equations is established. Calculation algorithms of rational contractions of such fractions are built.
Про поліноміальність нарізно сталих функцій
Authors: Kosovan V.M. , Maslyuchenko V.K.
Published: July 2014

Вивчається, які необхідні і які достатні умови має задовольняти підмножина $E$ числової площини $\mathbb{R}^2$ для того, щоб кожна нарізно стала функція $f:E\to \mathbb{R}$ була поліноміальною і разом з тим існувала нарізно стала і не стала функція $f_0:E \to \mathbb{R}.$
Математичне моделювання та чисельний розрахунок вимушених коливань п’єзокерамічного сферичного сегменту
Authors: Kudzinovs’ka I.P.
Published: July 2014

Розглядаються коливання поляризованого по товщині п'єзокерамічного сегмента, що збуджуються гармонічно змінною різницею електричних потенціалів. Розв’язок відповідної двовимірної задачі електропружності шукається у вигляді розкладів за поліномами Лежандра у поєднанні з методом степеневих рядів. Досліджується частотний спектр і кінематика відповідних мод для перших трьох значень індексу полінома Лежандра. Особливу увагу приділено поведінці досліджуваних характеристик в області основного товщинного резонансу.
Спектральний аналіз повного графа з нескінченними променями
Authors: Lebid V.O.
Published: July 2014

У даній статті проведено детальний спектральний аналіз повного графа з нескінченними променями. Охарактеризовано спектр самоспряженого оператора, породженого матрицею суміжності даного графа, побудовано спектральну міру, наведені у явній формі власні вектори та спектральний розклад за власними векторами.
Composición florística de la cuenca del río Ilo-Moquegua y Lomas de Ilo, Moquegua, Perú
Authors: Arakaki Mónica , Cano Asunción
Published: July 2014

Se presenta un estudio de la composición y riqueza de la flora vascular en la cuenca del Río Ilo- Moquegua y las Lomas de Ilo, a lo largo de una gradiente altitudinal que va desde los 0 hasta 4600 m, basado en colectas intensivas, revisión de ejemplares de herbario y consulta bibliográfica. De acuerdo al presente estudio, la flora vascular de la cuenca del río Ilo-Moquegua y las Lomas de Ilo está integrada por 63 familias, 233 géneros y 394 especies. Las Magnoliopsida representan el 83% de las especies y las Liliopsida el 15%. Las familias con mayor número de géneros y especies son Asteraceae (41 géneros y 60 especies), Poaceae (28 y 44), Solanaceae (11 y 32), Fabaceae (17 y 26), Malvaceae (11 y 21), Brassicaceae (10 y 15), Boraginaceae (9 y 15) y Cactaceae (10 y 14). Las formas biológicas dominantes son las hierbas (72%), seguidas por los arbustos (21%), plantas que pueden ser hierbas o arbustos (5%), árboles (2%) y plantas parásitas (menos del 1%). De las 55 especies endémicas del Perú reportadas en el presente estudio, 10 están restringidas al departamento de Moquegua. Se presenta un total de 176 nuevas adiciones a la flora del departamento.
La familia Brassicaceae en la provincia de Huaylas, Áncash
Authors: Monsalve Christhian , Cano Asunción
Published: July 2014

Se registró en la provincia de Huaylas un total de 25 especies de Brassicaceae agrupadas en 12 géneros y 5 tribus. Ocho especies se consideran adiciones a la flora previamente reportada para el departamento de Áncash. No se encontró ninguna de las especies reportadas como endémicas para Áncash. Se presentan claves dicotómicas para la determinaciones de los géneros y para las especies en los casos pertinentes. Para cada especie se incluye una breve descripción, datos sobre su ecología, distribución y el material estudiado.
Restos vegetales del sitio arqueológico Casa Vieja, Callango (Ica)
Authors: Roque José , Cano Asunción , Cook Anita
Published: July 2014

Se da a conocer los resultados de un estudio paleoetnobotánico realizado en el sitio arqueológico Casa Vieja, situado en Callango (sector inferior del valle de Ica), perteneciente al periodo Horizonte Medio. Se determinaron 23 especies, todas de la división Magnoliophyta, 18 (78%) en las Magnoliopsida y 5 (22%) en las Liliopsida. La familia Fabaceae resultó la mejor representada a nivel específico, con 6 especies. La mayoría de las muestras analizadas correspondieron a semillas de Gossypium barbadense “algodón”. El setenta por ciento de las especies fueron probablemente utilizadas para la alimentación; el 48% para la confección y construcción y el 52% para atender necesidades de salud.
Crecimiento vegetativo de frambuesa (Rubus idaeus l.) ‘Autumn Bliss’ con la aplicación de vermicomposta asociada con lupino (Lupinus mutabilis sweet.)
Authors: Jara-Peña Enoc , Villegas Ángel , Sánchez Prometeo , Trinidad Antonio , Muratalla Alfonso , Martínez Ángel
Published: July 2014

El presente trabajo se realizó con el propósito de determinar la respuesta de la frambuesa roja a la aplicación de la vermicomposta asociada o no con lupino en la fase de crecimiento vegetativo en condiciones de invernadero en Montecillo, México. En el ensayo se estudiaron 11 tratamientos con 9 repeticiones, con un factorial completo (5x2) más un tratamiento adicional que consistió en una fertilización química N100 P80 K80. Como material vegetal se utilizaron brotes adventicios de frambuesa. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre tratamientos en número de hojas, altura de planta, diámetro de caña, materia fresca y materia seca en frambuesa. Se obtuvo las mayores respuestas de tratamientos con 90 y 120 g maceta–1 de vermicomposta. En general, el lupino asociado con frambuesa provocó una ligera competencia, pero contribuyó a un mayor desarrollo del área foliar.
Adiciones a los moluscos bivalvos marinos del Perú
Authors: Paredes Carlos , Cardoso Franz
Published: July 2014

Se registra por primera vez en el mar peruano las siguientes especies de moluscos bivalvos: Glycymeris (Axinactis) delessertii (Reeve, 1843); Botula cylista Berry, 1959; Parahyotissa (Pliohyotissa) quercinus (Sowerby II, 1871); Pitar (Pitar) helenae Olsson, 1961; Eurhomalea lenticularis (Sowerby I, 1835); y Cardiomya planetica (Dall, 1908). Se incluye la descripción, el hábitat y la distribución geográfica de cada especie.
Variabilidad temporal de pequeña escala en el fitoplancton de bahía independencia, Pisco, Perú
Authors: Ochoa Noemí , Tarazona Juan
Published: July 2014

Se estudió la variación temporal a pequeña escala de la comunidad fitoplanctónica costera en una estación fija en Bahía Independencia. Las muestras fueron colectadas del 28 de marzo al 25 de abril de 1988, dos veces al día, a las 08:00 y 15:00 horas. La temperatura superficial del mar fluctuó entre 15,4 a 17,2 °C. Las diatomeas fueron el principal componente de la comunidad fitoplanctonica y estuvieron relacionadas con el total de fitoplancton. Otros grupos tales como los dinoflagelados, cocolitofóridos, silicoflagelados y microflagelados fueron de menor importancia. Durante los primeros nueve días la especie dominante fue Skeletonema costatum, la que fue sustituida posteriormente por Thalassionema nitzschioides hasta el final del estudio. Se encontró escasa variabilidad en composición de especies, pero muy alta en densidad en períodos de sólo algunas horas. Los cambios en la estructura fitoplanctónica estuvieron relacionados con pequeños cambios de la temperatura.
Biopelículas de Aspergillus niger para la producción de celulasas: algunos aspectos estructurales y fisiológicos
Authors: Villena Gretty K. , Gutiérrez-Correa Marcel
Published: July 2014

Se evaluaron biopelículas de Aspergillus niger desarrolladas sobre tela de poliéster en dos aspectos fundamentales inherentes al crecimiento sobre superficies: la estructura y el comportamiento fisiológico específicamente relacionado con la producción de celulasas. La estructura de la biopelícula fue evaluada usando microfotografías de microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) desde el momento de la inoculación y adsorción de esporas hasta las 120 horas de crecimiento. Nuestros resultados demuestran que la formacion de la biopelícula ocurre en tres fases: la adhesión, la cual es fuertemente favorecida por la hidrofobicidad de las esporas de Aspergillus; la fase de crecimiento inicial y desarrollo, que se inicia con la germinación de la espora entre las 4 y 10 horas y continúa hasta las 24 horas cuando ya se percibe la colonización casi total de la superficie; y finalmente la fase de maduración, en la cual la densidad de biomasa se incrementa notablemente desde las 48 horas hasta las 120 horas; se observa, además en este momento una organización interna de canales, también reportada para biopelículas bacterianas, que aseguran el flujo interno de la biopelícula. Además, la actividad celulolítica de las biopelículas fue evaluada, siendo hasta 40% mayor que en los cultivos sin soporte de crecimiento (durante el transcurso de la fermentación), lográndose un incremento del 55% en la productividad. Estos resultados son concordantes con el comportamiento de la gran mayoría de microorganismos que crecen sobre superficies, los cuales muestran por lo general una mayor actividad metabólica resultante de una expresión genética diferencial. Este trabajo es un primer intento por establecer la estructura y fisiología de las biopelículas de hongos filamentosos de interés industrial en respuesta a la escasa información existente, en comparación con el minucioso y vasto estudio de biopelículas bacterianas y de levaduras patógenas.
Primer registro del frutero pechinegro Pipreola lubomirskii (Aves, Cotingidae) en la vertiente occidental de los Andes
Authors: Salinas Letty , Samamé María , Franke Irma , Fjeldså Jon
Published: July 2014

El frutero pechinegro, Pipreola lubomirskii, es un cotíngido registrado como raro y de distribución local en los Andes del Norte. Antes del presente registro sólo había sido reportado para la vertiente oriental del Perú y Ecuador, así como los Andes del sur de Colombia. El presente registro amplia su distribución a los bosques montañosos de la vertiente occidental de los Andes peruanos, habiéndose encontrado en los bosques nublados del valle del río Zaña, en el departamento de Cajamarca (6º50’-6º52’ latitud S, 79º10’-79º07’ longitud O).
Colifagos como indicadores de contaminación fecal y de remoción bacteriana en la potabilización del agua
Authors: Paz-y-Miño Marco , Barzola Carmen , Lazcano César , Ponce Milagros , León Jorge
Published: July 2014

El presente trabajo analiza la eficacia del tratamiento de agua procedentes del río Rímac. Se comparan muestras de agua no tratadas con las fases sucesivas del tratamiento: decantación, filtración y clorinación. La cuantificación de colifagos fue realizada por los métodos de Capa Simple y Filtro de Membrana. Los Coliformes Totales (CT), Coliformes Termotolerantes (CTT) y Bacterias Heterótrofas (BH) fueron determinados por los métodos del Número Más Probable (NMP) y Filtro de Membrana. La cepa estándar de E. coli C ATCC 13706 fue utilizada como hospedera de colifagos. Los promedios de colifagos cuantificados fueron de 2267,25 UFP/100 mL en las muestras sin tratamiento; 2,11; 2,04 y 1,07 UFP/100 mL en las muestras procedentes de la decantación, filtración y clorinación respectivamente. No se detectaron CT y CTT en muestras de agua clorinada. La correlación entre colifagos y CT en muestras de agua decantada y filtrada (r = 0,3793 y r = 0,3629 respectivamente) fueron significativas (p<0,05). En las muestras de agua sin tratamiento no fueron significativas las correlaciones (r = 0,3048, p>0,05). La correlación entre colifagos y los CTT con las muestras de tratamientos fue significativa (r = 0,7129; 0,5326 y 0,4612, para muestras con decantación, filtración y clorinación respectivamente, p<0,05). Los porcentajes de remoción microbiana respecto de la muestras de agua sin tratamiento fueron del 99,95 % para los colifagos, 99,99 % para las BH y >99,99 % para los CT y CTT.
Flora silvestre de los Andes centrales del Perú: un estudio en la zona de Quilcas, Junín
Authors: Yarupaitán Genaro , Albán Joaquina
Published: July 2014

El presente trabajo es un estudio taxonómico de la flora fanerogámica silvestre del distrito de Quilcas, Junín, en los Andes centrales del Perú. Se reporta la presencia de 214 especies de plantas comprendidas en 140 géneros y 52 familias. Las familias con mas diversidad son las Asteraceae con 55 especies y Poaceae con 22 especies. Se dan a conocer 32 nuevos registros de distribución para el departamento de Junín. El análisis de afinidades florísticas permite concluir que la zona de Quilcas es semejante a otras áreas de los Andes peruanos.