bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting Frequent Efferocytosis in Tumor Microenvironment is a New Direction for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zhu Gangxing , Wan Xinliang , Wu Wanyin , Jia Luyu , Yu Xiaoyan , Mo Handan , Wang Xi , Zhou Qichun , Tang Qing , Wang Sumei
Published: February 2025

A variety of factors, such as dietary habits, the external environment, and individual genetic differences, can lead to the development of cancer. While chemotherapy and radiotherapy are commonly used for cancer treatment, drug resistance and side effects are prevalent issues. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new treatment modalities. Studies have shown that radiotherapy and chemotherapy can lead to a significant increase in apoptotic cells (ACs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The process of phagocytosis helps maintain homeostasis by engulfing and removing these ACs from the organism promptly, which is referred to as efferocytosis. However, it has been observed that excessive efferocytosis can promote the formation of an immunosuppressive TME, which is detrimental to tumor therapy. Thus, inhibiting efferocytosis to enhance the formation of an immune microenvironment shows promise as a treatment direction for tumors. As researchers gradually uncover the molecular mechanisms of efferocytosis, various small‐molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies are actively being assessed in clinical trials. Targeting efferocytosis is anticipated to emerge as a promising approach in tumor treatment. In this review, the intricate steps involved in efferocytosis are explored and the current drugs that targeting this process for cancer treatment are outlined.
Redesign of Translocon EXP2 Nanopore for Detecting Peptide Fragments
Authors: Miyagi Mitsuki , Yamaji Misa , Kurokawa Nina , Yohda Masafumi , Kawano Ryuji
Published: February 2025

Nanopore sensing is a rapid, label‐free technique that enables single‐molecule detection and is successfully applied to nucleic acid sequencing. Extending this technology to the detection and sequencing of peptides and proteins is a key area of interest. However, the complex structures and diverse charge distributions of peptides and proteins present challenges for extensive detection using existing nanopores. In this study, the focus is on the EXP2 nanopore derived from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to address these challenges. Previously, it is characterized wild‐type EXP2 (WT‐EXP2) nanopores and demonstrated their ability to detect polypeptides, although intrinsic electrical noise from the pore posed difficulties for accurate detection. To overcome these limitations, several EXP2 nanopore mutants are designed, including EXP2ΔD231, EXP2NC, and EXP2NC
K42D/S46F, to reduce electrical noise and improve peptide detection accuracy. The EXP2ΔD231 mutant reduced electrical noise by more than 50% compared to WT‐EXP2 and improved the discrimination accuracy of oligoarginine peptides. In addition, the EXP2ΔD231 detected and discriminated eight different peptides, ranging in molecular weight from small to large, that are previously challenging to detect using a single nanopore type. These results suggest that engineered EXP2 nanopores could serve as effective tools for peptide and protein detection and sequencing, contributing to the broader application of nanopore technology in biochemical and clinical research.
Ultrahigh Efficiency and Robust Energy Density in Simple Barium Titanate‐Based Lead‐Free Films via Nanocomposite Approach
Authors: Kong Zhengyang , Wang Xu , Zhu Beibei , Guo Yufan , He Jiahang , Han Kun , Chen Pingfan , Chen Feng , Wu Wenbin , Cheng Feng , Huang Zhen , Xu Liqiang
Published: February 2025

Relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) films represent promising candidates for high‐performance energy storage applications for miniaturized electronic devices and power systems. However, achieving substantial energy storage performance always involves complex component or structural design. Herein, we employed a nanocomposite approach to obtain ultrahigh‐efficiency and robust energy density in simple BaTiO3‐based lead‐free films. Our lead‐free composition of simple (1‐x)BaTiO3‐xCeO2 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) contains only four elements (Ba, Ti, Ce and O). The incorporation of stiff and insulating CeO2 nanocomposites within BaTiO3 matrix could disrupt the long‐range‐ordered micrometer‐size domains into short‐range‐ordered nanodomains. This disruption suppresses hysteresis and delays polarization of BaTiO3 films. Combined with the enhanced breakdown strength, this formulation yielded an ultrahigh efficiency of ≈90% and a robust energy density of 45 ± 3 J cm−3 at CeO2 contents of x = 0.3 and 0.4. Meanwhile, these two films with x = 0.3 and 0.4 exhibit superior frequency (50 Hz to 2 kHz) and thermal stability (20 °C to 120 °C), demonstrating stable energy storage performance. The proposed strategy opens up a new avenue for designing high‐performance nanocomposite films by incorporating stiff secondary phase embedded in BaTiO3 or even linear SrTiO3 dielectrics.
Theory and Methodology in Sociology–Guiding Distinction
Authors: Brezovec Erik , Ježovita Josip , Watson Steven
Published: February 2025

This study analyses how theory and methodology function as guiding distinctions in sociology, drawing upon Niklas Luhmann's social systems theory. By examining fifteen Croatian sociologists who engaged with a hypothetical case study on generative artificial intelligence in labour markets, we analysed their theoretical and methodological approaches. The findings reveal a distinct ‘methodological imperative,’ as participants tended to align more around structured rules and data‐gathering procedures rather than around theoretical frameworks. This suggests that methodology, with its standardised forms, provides a clearer path for inclusion in scientific communication, whereas theory remains conceptually broader yet comparatively less structured. Consequently, the study underscores the interplay between these two programmes in shaping sociology's collective knowledge, illustrating how their co‐existence supports the discipline's ongoing capacity for self‐differentiation.
Clustering Zwitterionic Amino Acids at the Upper Rim of Cone Calix[4]arene Triggers the Selective Recognition of Gram‐Negative Bacterial Envelope
Authors: Rispoli Francesco , Moretti Luca , Vezzoni Carlo Alberto , Tosi Eloisa , Molteni Linda , Ciaramelli Carlotta , Marchiò Luciano , Volpi Stefano , Baldini Laura , Sansone Francesco , Palmioli Alessandro , Airoldi Cristina , Casnati Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Eleven calix[4]arene ligands, bearing zwitterionic α‐amino acids or charged ammonium or sulfonate/carboxylate groups, are synthesized and screened for the binding to the envelopes of three bacterial strain representatives of Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative, and mycobacteria. The binding is followed by on‐cell Saturation Transfer Difference Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments directly on alive cells. While the anionic tetrasulfonatocalixarene does not bind to any bacterial strains significantly and the cationic calixarenes strongly bind to both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, the zwitterionic tetraprolino‐ and tetraphenylalaninocalix[4]arene show a remarkable selectivity for Gram‐negatives over Gram‐positives and mycobacteria. The tetraprolinocalixarene binds to the lipopolysaccharides extracted from two Gram‐negative bacteria (Pseudomonas putida or Escherichia coli), suggesting these biomacromolecules as possible targets in the recognition of their cell walls. The ligand binding epitope map demonstrates a deep involvement of the amino acids and calixarene aromatic nuclei in the interaction. In this study, for the first time, the ability of synthetic macrocycles to selectively recognize the envelope of Gram‐negative bacteria is highlighted, and the way to the chemical modifications of the ligand structure is paved to develop devices for the detection or treatment of bacterial infections, thus allowing to add another string to the bow for the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
Effect of curing condition on mode‐I and mode‐II cracking resistance of glass fiber reinforced concrete and their relations with tensile and compressive strengths
Authors: Ekramian Soroush , Karamzadeh Nima Shahni , Bakhtiari Morteza , Karimi Hamid Reza
Published: February 2025

Glass fiber‐reinforced concrete is a favorable material for constructing structures, especially for those placed in watery environments. The concrete in the watery environments can be roughly placed in two conditions, above the water (dry) or under the water (submerged). On the other hand, water bodies can also be categorized as fresh or salt water. In the current study, the effect of fiber length (e.g., plain, 10, 20, and 30 mm), curing environment (e.g., dry, fresh, and saltwater), and age (28, 90, and 180 days) was studied on glass fiber reinforced concrete. The measured mechanical parameters were direct tensile (σt) and compressive (σc) strengths, along with pure mode‐I (KIc) and pure mode‐II fracture (KIIc) resistance. The results show that the tensile strength, mode‐I and mode‐II fracture toughness constantly increase with the increase of fiber length to 30 mm, while compressive strength reduces if fiber length increases by more than 15 mm. The optimum fiber length was obtained as 30 mm (based on tensile data). The trend analysis shows a meaningful relation between the tensile and compressive strength and between the mode I and mode II fracture toughness.
Modeling and Optimal Design of Magnetic Drive for High‐Voltage Nanosecond Marx Generator
Authors: Wang Ruitian , Liu Qingqing , Li Xin , Zhang Xinsheng , Yang Beichao , Chen Xin
Published: February 2025

All‐solid‐state high‐voltage pulse generators are widely used in many applications, such as medical lasers and plasma generators. The rise time is a crucial parameter for the generator. This paper focuses on the modeling and optimal design of Marx pulse generator based on silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs and magnetic drive. First, based on the model of toroidal transformer and the equivalent circuit model of SiC MOSFETs, the electromagnetic transient model of the Marx generator with the magnetic drive is established to analyze the influence of circuit parameters on the rise time. Then, the toroidal transformer with shell‐type coil structure is proposed, which has a lower leakage inductance. Furthermore, a leakage inductance model is established for the novel transformer structure, and the optimal design is carried out. Finally, the Marx generator test platform is built to validate the model and optimization method. The test results indicate that the pulse generator proposed in this paper has a pulse rise time of 20 ns under the condition of 2 kV/20 A, which represents a 33.3% increase in performance compared to the proposed Marx generator. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
“Whose Science Is It?” The Field of Child, Childhood Studies, and Early Childhood Education
Authors: Lenz Taguchi Hillevi , Bodén Linnea
Published: February 2025

This chapter presents the vast field of child, childhood, and early childhood education studies, with a number of sketches presented on a meta-level. The first sketch is about the unproblematized idea of a desired integration between different scientific approaches to inform early childhood education. The second series of sketches discusses and challenges the notion of the need for a translational bridge over a presumed gap between the neurosciences and educational practices, where cognitive psychology is thought to take on the role of translator on a bidirectional bridge. The third sketch includes a wider array of inquiries from the humanities and social sciences. The sketch is constructed as two circles with movable positions to illustrate new possible relations and encounters between different ontologies and epistemologies.
Children and the EEG Cap: Exploratory Research to Investigate Children’s Experiences and Participation
Authors: Lenz Taguchi Hillevi , Bodén Linnea
Published: February 2025

This chapter shows how one of the authors, Linnea Bodén, worked collaboratively with a group of children to explore their experiences with brainwave recordings which entailed wearing an electroencephalogram (EEG) cap. Inspired by new materialist and posthumanist emergent forms of inquiry, the children and the researcher together made their own EEG caps. The collaborative exploratory construction of EEG caps and other accessories shows how the children’s individual and different interests were closely tied to each of their worldly (extra)ordinary ways of understanding the EEG caps and the testing itself. The chapter argues that to investigate children’s experinces taking part in research, we need more and emergent kinds of research methodologies. It was necessary to include all of the various relations that the children had with the EEG caps and the testing practice.
The Present and Future of Service Design in Hong Kong: An Emerging Design Field
Authors: Wan Bruce C. K.
Published: February 2025

This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current service design landscape in Hong Kong. This study comprises information gathered from official statistics, gray literature, and interviews with government officials, design practitioners, and academics. Interview data is used to probe into the design practice in which the participants reflected on their professional journeys and discussed the capabilities of service designers. This study also examines the barriers and enablers of the current practice as well as the future development of service design. Three main barriers were identified that have impeded the adoption of service design in companies, namely the prevalence of a power hierarchy and silo, client disengagement, and high-risk aversion mindset. Additionally, three enablers were found to be conducive to service design integration: the shift to a human-centered business model, the demand for multiplicity design skills and knowledge, and building partnerships with stakeholders. Digital transformation and sustainability are the future considerations to foster sustained development of service design. Suggestions were made to foster sustained development of service design in Hong Kong.
Hospital supply and infant mortality: Evidence from Islamic political representation in Turkey
Authors: Erten Bilge , Yılmaz Yunus Cem
Published: February 2025

We investigate the impact of healthcare facility supply on infant mortality by exploiting a change in local governments in Turkey as a quasi-exogenous shock to local hospital supply. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find a significant decline in infant mortality in municipalities where an Islamic mayor was barely elected. Exploring potential channels, we document a significant increase in the number and size of hospitals and health clinics in treated municipalities. Moreover, children in these municipalities are more likely to be born in government facilities, receive treatment for cough and fever, benefit from a greater number of childhood vaccinations, and have more prenatal care visits before birth. Our findings highlight that investments in public healthcare facilities in disadvantaged areas can have substantial effects on the survival of infants.
Use of hydroxyurea in French-speaking Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Arlet Jean-Benoît , Bernaudin Françoise , Deme-Ly Indou , Coulibaly Binta , Corbasson Anne , Diagne Ibrahima , Diallo Dapa , Diop Saliou , Eposse Charlotte , Galacteros Frédéric , Hermine Olivier , Kafando Eléonore , Lainé Agnès , de Montalembert Mariane , Vodouhé Constant , Vovor Ahoefa , Ranque Brigitte , Tshilolo Léon
Published: February 2025

The hydroxyurea is a save, affordable and essential medicine for sickle cell disease (SCD), reducing painful crises and mortality. To foster the prescription of hydroxyurea for patients with SCD in sub-Saharan African countries, the scientific advisory board of Drep.Afrique, a non-governmental organization dedicated to SCD in Africa, has developed a therapeutic guideline well suited to conditions on the ground. These guidelines answer three essential questions: which patients should be prioritized for treatment with hydroxyurea, which dose should be used, and what follow-up should be implemented in those low-resources countries?

The guidelines are given as in a concise document for easy use by practitioners on the ground, available in English and in French.
PlaqueViT: a vision transformer model for fully automatic vessel and plaque segmentation in coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Alvén Jennifer , Petersen Richard , Hagerman David , Sandstedt Mårten , Kitslaar Pieter , Bergström Göran , Fagman Erika , Hjelmgren Ola
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To develop and evaluate a deep learning model for segmentation of the coronary artery vessels and coronary plaques in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Materials and methods

CCTA image data from the Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS) was used for model development (n = 463 subjects) and testing (n = 123) and for an interobserver study (n = 65). A dataset from Linköping University Hospital (n = 28) was used for external validation. The model’s ability to detect coronary artery disease (CAD) was tested in a separate SCAPIS dataset (n = 684). A deep ensemble (k = 6) of a customized 3D vision transformer model was used for voxelwise classification. The Dice coefficient, the average surface distance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, analysis of segmented volumes by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and agreement (sensitivity and specificity) were used to analyze model performance.

Results

PlaqueViT segmented coronary plaques with a Dice coefficient = 0.55, an average surface distance = 0.98 mm and ICC = 0.93 versus an expert reader. In the interobserver study, PlaqueViT performed as well as the expert reader (Dice coefficient = 0.51 and 0.50, average surface distance = 1.31 and 1.15 mm, ICC = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively). PlaqueViT achieved 88% agreement (sensitivity 97%, specificity 76%) in detecting any coronary plaque in the test dataset (n = 123) and 89% agreement (sensitivity 95%, specificity 83%) in the CAD detection dataset (n = 684).

Conclusion

We developed a deep learning model for fully automatic plaque detection and segmentation that identifies and delineates coronary plaques and the arterial lumen with similar performance as an experienced reader.

Key Points

Question

A tool for fully automatic and voxelwise segmentation of coronary plaques in coronary CTA (CCTA) is important for both clinical and research usage of the CCTA examination.

Findings

Segmentation of coronary artery plaques by PlaqueViT was comparable to an expert reader’s performance.

Clinical relevance

This novel, fully automatic deep learning model for voxelwise segmentation of coronary plaques in CCTA is highly relevant for large population studies such as the Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study.

Graphical Abstract
A 15-year experience highlighting the spectrum of Alport kidney disease in the pediatric population and novel genetic variants in COL4A3–5
Authors: Andrejašič Nastja , Blejc Novak Anja , Močnik Mirjam , Marčun Varda Nataša , Stangler Herodež Špela , Krgović Danijela , Zupan Andrej , Meglič Anamarija
Published: February 2025

Background

Alport kidney disease (AKD) presents one of the most prevalent genetic kidney disorders, characterized by a complex genetic background and diverse clinical manifestations. This study aimed to review the clinical and genetic features of pediatric patients with COL4A3–5 variants and identify novel genetic variants.

Methods

Data were collected retrospectively at a national level from pediatric patients up to 19 years old, who underwent genetic testing between 2008 and 2023. Patients with pathogenic and likely pathogenic COL4A3–5 variants were included. Their clinical, laboratory, and genetic characteristics were presented.

Results

Over 15 years, 85 children and adolescents tested positive for pathogenic or likely pathogenic COL4A3–5 variants. Increasing incidence was noted as genetic testing became more prevalent. One patient (1.2%) progressed to kidney failure and six (7%) had extrarenal involvement. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 genes were found in 14 (16.4%), 34 (40.0%), and 37 (43.6%) patients, respectively. Patients were diagnosed with autosomal, X-linked, and digenic AKD in 55.2%, 43.6%, and 1.2%, respectively. Eight novel variants were recorded, and their associated phenotype presented.

Conclusions

This study expands the genetic and clinical background of pediatric patients with AKD, presenting on a spectrum from mild hematuria to progressive chronic kidney disease. Genetic confirmation and risk stratification in the pediatric population are critical to ensure timely care and potentially slow down the progression of kidney disease.

Graphical abstract
A small area analysis of acute exposure to temperatures and mental health in North Carolina
Authors: Ryan Sophia C , Wertis Luke , Sugg Margaret M. , Runkle Jennifer D.
Published: February 2025

Increasing evidence suggests that temperatures adversely impact mental and behavioral disorders (MBD). This study explores the effects of temperatures on mental health outcomes using over 5.9 million MBD-related emergency department (ED) visits across three geographical regions of North Carolina (i.e., Mountains, Piedmont, and Coast) from 2016 to 2019. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) with a generalized linear model and quasi-Poisson distribution adjusted for humidity, long-term seasonal time trends, and day of the week examined the acute impact (i.e., 7-day) of temperature on daily MBD-related ED visits at zip code tabulation area (ZCTA) locations. Results were pooled at the region and state levels and reported in reference to the median temperature using a case-time series design for the analysis of small-area data. Stratified analyses were conducted for age, sex, and specific mental-health related ED visits (substance use, mood disorders, anxiety disorders). At the state level, we found significant positive associations between high temperatures (97.5th percentile) and an increase in relative risk (RR) for total MBDs (RR:1.04, 95% CI,1.03–1.05) and psychoactive substance use (RR:1.04, 95% CI, 1.02–1.06). Low air temperatures (2.5th percentile) only increased risk for the elderly (i.e., 65 and older) and predominantly white communities (RR: 1.03, CI: 1.03–1.05). During high temperatures (97.5th percentile), majority-white communities (RR:1.06, CI: 1.01–1.10) and low-income communities had the highest risk for MBDs (RR: 1.05, CI: 1.03–1.07). Our findings suggest there is a positive association between exposure to high temperatures and increased MBD-related ED visits, modified by patient age and place-based sociodemographic (ie., race and income) context.
The effect of non-pharmacological interventions on cognitive function in cancer: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Haywood Darren , Henneghan Ashley M. , Chan Alexandre , Chan Raymond J. , Dhillon Haryana M. , Lustberg Maryam B. , Vardy Janette L. , O’Connor Moira , Elvidge Norah , Dauer Evan , Franco-Rocha Oscar Y. , Vasan Shradha , Murray James , Crichton Megan , Wilding Helen , Rossell Susan L. , Hart Nicolas H.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

A significant number of cancer survivors experience cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), which can impact their ability to think, reason, make decisions, and perform daily actions. In recent years, non-pharmacological interventions for CRCI have gained significant attention. These interventions include exercise, cognitive behavioural therapy, cognitive training/remediation, dietary, mind–body, and multi-modal/complex interventions. This umbrella review provides a critical overview to inform guidelines and current practice, identify the most promising interventions, and uncover gaps in the research literature.

Methods

This umbrella review of systematic reviews was pre-registered on Open Science Framework and PROSPERO. Six databases were searched. Systematic reviews (SR) assessing any non-pharmacological interventions to improve cognition in cancer (any type) were included. The overview followed gold-standard guidelines and recommendations. The results were narratively synthesised, and descriptive statistics and effect size ranges were calculated.

Results

Sixty-four (n = 64) SRs were included. Results were synthesised into four non-pharmacological domains. Cognitive training/rehabilitation had the strongest evidence for efficacy. Physical activity/exercise showed promising efficacy; however, the variability of findings was considerable. Mind–body and psychological/behavioural therapy interventions were limited, but there was evidence for short-term effectiveness. Multi-modal/complex interventions showed potential for improving cognition in cancer but were poorly defined.

Conclusions

Overall, non-pharmacological interventions demonstrated efficacy for improving cognition in cancer. There were limited intervention characteristics within domains which were consistently related to efficacy. Three key recommendations are provided for future research: (1) adopt harmonisation and reporting guidelines; (2) develop definitional guidelines of cognitive domains for CRCI research; and (3) assess intervention and participant characteristics associated with positive versus null/negative findings.
Tooth brushing behavior and oral health care of people with early childhood autism in Germany
Authors: Kraus H. , Schulte A. G. , Fricke O. , Schmidt Peter
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Only a little is known about the tooth brushing behaviors and oral health care of people with early childhood autism (P-EA). To remedy this, a survey was carried out with P-EA of all ages.

Materials and methods

In summer 2021, an online survey questionnaire with 124 questions, addressed only at caregivers of P-EA, was sent to all members of the Bundesverband Autismus Deutschland e.V. Our present study evaluated the 20 survey questions related to dental self-care.

Results

In total, 130 questionnaires were evaluated. The mean age of the P-EA was 22.7 years (min: 3y; max: 60y; SD ± 14.1y). Only 17.7% (n =23) of the P-EA were female, while 82.3%(n =107) were male. Overall, 54.6% (n = 71) of P-EA are always actively assisted in tooth brushing. Although 57.7% (n = 75) of P-EA brushed teeth twice daily, 39.2% brushed for one to two minutes (n = 51). P-EA younger than 18 years old selected toothpaste primarily for taste reasons (32.7%;n = 18). Only 9.3% (n = 7) of adult P-EA selected toothpaste because of the fluoride content. Manual toothbrushes were preferred by 40.8% (n = 53) of the P-EA, and electric toothbrushes by 34.6% (n = 45). Almost three quarters (71.5%;n = 93) did not use additional dental care implements. The same number (75.4%;n = 98) of P-EA had not practiced supervised brushing in a dental office.

Conclusions/Clinical relevance

Active support in dental self-care is crucial for a majority of the P-EA in Germany, regardless of their age. Professional support needs to be fundamentally improved. Clinical concepts for practical instruction in dental hygiene should be developed for P-EA.
Intraoral perfusion assessment using endoscopic hyperspectral imaging (EHSI)– first description of a novel approach
Authors: Römer Paul , Blatt Sebastian , Siegberg Fabia , Vinayahalingam Shankeeth , Al-Nawas Bilal , Kämmerer P. W. , Thiem Daniel G. E.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to establish a method to detect and quantify mucosal malperfusion intraorally using state-of-the-art Endoscopic Hyperspectral Imaging (EHSI). For this purpose, mucosal ischemia was selectively induced by intraligamentary anesthesia (ILA) with and without + epinephrine using a standardized protocol.

Materials and methods

EHSI was performed using a novel endoscopic hyperspectral imaging system. Parameters assessed were Tissue Oxygen Saturation (StO2 [%]), Tissue Hemoglobin Index (THI), Near Infrared Perfusion Index (NPI) and Tissue Water Index (TWI). Fifty-seven healthy subjects received ILA using Articaine 4% with (ILA+) and without (ILA-) epinephrine at a dosage of 1:200,000 administered mesially and distally to the target tooth 42 (Universal No. 26). Mucosal perfusion was assessed using EHSI for 45 min post-injection.

Results

After ILA+, a distinct ischemia of the mucosa was already clinically apparent after 30 s with significant reduction of THI and StO2 by an average of 57% (p < 0.001) and 7% (p < 0.040) compared to baseline values. Persistent hypoperfusion of the oral mucosa was observed throughout the monitoring period, exhibiting a gradual resolution at the 30-minute mark, and nearing baseline perfusion approximately 45 min post-injection. There was no papillary necrosis after ILA + injection.

Conclusion

EHSI is suitable to adequately detect and visualize actual perfusion of the intraoral mucosa. The study revealed that LA with epinephrine (1:200,000) induce temporary hypoxia in the dental papilla but without causing severe ischemia.

Clinical relevance

EHSI will enable promising applications in the future, i.a. success monitoring of periodontal therapies, intraoral free flap monitoring and the assessment of cancer margins.
Truncated cylindrical array plate for mid-air imaging
Authors: Sano Junpei , Koizumi Naoya
Published: February 2025

Mid-air imaging, a visual display technology for augmented reality (AR) that enables multiple people to view images simultaneously without the need for special eyewear, involves the formation of real images in mid-air through various optical elements. This paper presents a novel mid-air imaging optical plate, termed the truncated cylindrical array plate (TCAP). TCAP is composed of transparent cylinders with obliquely truncated ends and mirrors, specifically designed to address issues such as stray light and limited viewing angles in existing mid-air imaging optical elements. We evaluated TCAP through computer simulations and by fabricating a prototype optical element. Ray tracing simulations and stereo matching algorithms demonstrated that mid-air images are symmetrically formed on the side opposite of the light source relative to the TCAP. Furthermore, the simulations indicated that a bright, stray-light-free mid-air image could be achieved within a horizontal viewing angle of approximately

$$\pm \, 40 ^\circ $$

±

40
∘

. Experimental evaluation using a handcrafted prototype further confirmed the plane symmetry of mid-air image formation, validating its functionality as a mid-air imaging element. The proposed method is advantageous in systems where stray light is problematic, such as mid-air image interaction systems or optical systems utilizing mid-air imaging elements.
Food systems narratives in Colombia: embracing diverse perspectives can enable hybrid innovation pathways that address food system challenges
Authors: Dueñas-Ocampo Sebastián , Hegwood Margaret , Rojas-Becerra Angela Daniela , Rodríguez-Pinilla Juan Pablo , Newton Peter
Published: February 2025

When analyzing food systems challenges, considering multiple different narratives might lead to solutions that are more innovative and grounded in the local context relative to considering just a single narrative. However, the relationship between narrative diversity and innovation in food systems is not fully understood. Understanding the structure of and interactions between different food systems narratives can help researchers to identify opportunities (e.g., policies, interventions, and institutions) that could facilitate food systems transformations. This paper explores how narratives about food systems converge and vary between different groups of actors in rural Colombia as well as the implications for the co-development of innovative solutions amongst these actors to address food system challenges. As a case study, we focus on an important national policy initiative in Colombia, A Ciencia Cierta, which connects public science and civil society to implement community-based innovations. We conducted 47 interviews with key stakeholders, including policymakers, facilitators, academics, community leaders, and community participants who had been part of the initiative in Colombia, and experts about narratives in food systems globally. We found that actors (both individuals and groups) possess multiple narratives about food systems which evolve over time and adjust according to varying circumstances. Our findings indicate that hybrid innovations enabled by diverse knowledge(s) provide alternative solutions to overcome challenges faced by actors in food systems. This paper generates theoretical and empirical contributions to the growing study of how epistemic plurality can enhance innovation pathways in food systems.
Still Waters Run Deep: How Employee Silence Affects Instigated Workplace Incivility Over Time
Authors: Weiss Mona , Zacher Hannes
Published: February 2025

Research has shown that employees who remain silent about important issues at work are likely to experience negative personal consequences (e.g., burnout, reduced job satisfaction). Less clear is whether silence, over time, could also lead to negative interpersonal consequences. Drawing on social identity theory, we propose that involuntary forms of silence (acquiescent and quiescent silence) lead to decreased organizational identification, which, in turn, leads to increased instigated incivility over time. We tested our model at the within-person level using five waves of longitudinal data across four months from N = 1156 employees working in different industries. In line with predictions, results of random-intercept cross-lagged panel modeling (RI-CLPM) showed that higher acquiescent silence at the within-person level predicted subsequent decreases in organizational identification, which, in turn, predicted subsequent increases in instigated incivility. Contrary to expectations, there was no significant effect of quiescent silence on organizational identification. Supplemental analyses also revealed non-significant indirect effects for voluntary forms of silence (prosocial and opportunistic silence). Overall, these findings suggest that acquiescent silence may not only impair employees’ own well-being, but can also result in interpersonal harm.
Integration of CNN Models and Machine Learning Methods in Credit Score Classification: 2D Image Transformation and Feature Extraction
Authors: Gür Yunus Emre , Toğaçar Mesut , Solak Bilal
Published: February 2025

The problem of accurately classifying credit scores is critical for financial institutions to assess individual creditworthiness and effectively manage credit risk. Traditional methods often face limitations when processing large datasets, resulting in lower accuracy and longer processing time. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel approach to credit score classification by integrating convolutional neural networks (CNN) with machine learning methods. First, a 1D dataset of sequential text data is transformed into 2D greyscale images to use 2D CNN models for feature extraction and classification. Six CNN architectures—DenseNet201, GoogLeNet, MobileNetV2, ResNet18, ShuffleNet, and SqueezeNet—are implemented, and the features in the last layer (1000 features) of each CNN are classified using the softmax method. To further improve the performance, the two best CNN models were selected, and a new fully connected layer (NewFC) was added. A class-based feature set [3 × 31,695] representing three credit score types (good, poor, and standard) was extracted from each model and merged into a feature set [6 × 31,695]. This combined feature set was then reclassified using KNN, LDA, Naive Bayes, and SVM algorithms. The performance of both CNN and machine learning methods was evaluated using accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F-score metrics. To optimize classification performance and reduce computational cost, the RelieF algorithm was used to select the best 5 out of 6 features. Compared to using all 6 features, significant improvements in accuracy and efficiency were observed, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method in credit score classification.
Specialized Purpose of Each Type of Student Engagement: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Reeve Johnmarshall , Basarkod Geetanjali , Jang Hye-Ryen , Gargurevich Rafael , Jang Hyungshim , Cheon Sung Hyeon
Published: February 2025

Students involve themselves in learning activities multidimensionally, including behaviorally, cognitively, emotionally, and agentically. This multidimensional involvement predicts important outcomes, but it is also possible that each type of engagement might have its own specialized purpose or function. To investigate this possibility, we proposed and tested the specialized purpose hypothesis, which is that each type of engagement has its own specialized function targeted toward a specific purpose, such as to boost achievement, social support, motivation, or well-being. To test this hypothesis, we conducted four meta-analyses, utilizing multilevel random effects models. Each meta-analysis tested whether type of engagement differentially predicted students’ achievement (meta-analysis #1), social support (meta-analysis #2), motivation (meta-analysis #3), or well-being (meta-analysis #4). The database included 652 effect sizes from 62 studies within 54 articles involving 32,403 P-16 student-participants (M
age = 16.8 years-old; 51.2% female). All 62 studies measured all four types of engagement so that we could compare the relative strength of association between each type of engagement and each correlate. Behavioral engagement was the strongest predictor of achievement. Agentic engagement was the strongest predictor of social support. Cognitive engagement did not show a specialized relation with any outcome. Emotional engagement was strongly associated with both motivation and well-being. These findings generally support the specialized purpose hypothesis, but they also raise important and challenging questions for future theory and research about how to better conceptualize and measure each type of engagement.
Maximal representations in lattices of the symplectic group
Authors: Audibert Jacques
Published: February 2025

We prove that all lattices of

$$\text {Sp}(2n,\mathbb {R})$$

Sp
(
2
n
,
R
)

, except those commensurable with

$$\text {Sp}(4k+2,\mathbb {Z})$$

Sp
(
4
k
+
2
,
Z
)

when

$$n=2k+1$$

n
=
2
k
+
1

, contain the image of infinitely many mapping class group orbits of Zariski-dense maximal representation that are continuous deformations of maximal diagonal representations. In particular, we show that

$$\text {Sp}(4k,\mathbb {Z})$$

Sp
(
4
k
,
Z
)

contain Zariski-dense surface subgroups for all

$$k\ge 1$$

k
≥
1

.
Effects of nutrient concentration, germanium dioxide and seeding density on sporophyte production in the kelp Ecklonia radiata
Authors: Lawton Rebecca J. , Praeger Christina
Published: February 2025

Overcoming low frequencies of transition from the gametophyte to the sporophyte life history phase is vital to enable efficient hatchery production of the kelp Ecklonia radiata (Phaeophyceae) for aquaculture, restoration and conservation. Therefore, we investigated the effects of nutrient strength (full to 1/20 strength Provasoli enriched seawater (PES)), germanium dioxide strength (full and half strength) and application period (no application, 9-16, 9-30, 16-23 and 16-30 days post seeding), and seeding density (2, 4, 12 and 18 spores mm-2) on sporophyte production in E. radiata in three laboratory experiments. Nutrient strength and seeding density significantly affected sporophyte transition frequency, sporophyte formation frequency, and sporophyte length, with all three metrics consistently decreasing with decreasing nutrient strength and increasing seeding density. Sporophyte transition frequencies were more than four times higher in the full-strength nutrient treatment (58.2 %) compared to the 1/8 and 1/20 strength treatments (12.5 and 3.0 %, respectively), and 18% higher in the 2 spores mm-2 seeding density treatment (100.0 %) compared to the 18 spores mm-2 treatment (84.3 %). Germanium dioxide application period but not strength significantly impacted sporophyte transition frequency and sporophyte formation frequency. Transition frequencies were more than two-thirds lower when GeO2 was applied from day 9 onwards (<25 %) compared to day 16 onwards and no application (>75 %). Based on these results, we recommended using full strength PES, half strength GeO2 from day 16 onwards only if diatom contamination is an issue and seeding at a density of ≤10 spores mm-2 to maximise sporophyte production.
Differential Attraction of Summer and Winter Morphs of Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, to Yeasts
Authors: Jones Rory , Goddard Matthew R. , Eady Paul E. , Hall David R. , Bray Daniel P. , Farman Dudley I. , Fountain Michelle T.
Published: February 2025

Drosophila suzukii is a pest of soft and stone fruits that is attracted to yeast volatile metabolites. Drosophila suzukii has distinct summer and winter morphs which are found in different habitats. Complex communities of yeasts likely differ between habitats and thus we hypothesized morphs differ in their attraction to yeast volatiles from different species and combinations of species. We presented D. suzukii with yeast species in isolation and in combinations, as either post-culture mixes or co-cultured, and measured activity of the flies in laboratory choice tests with a Locomotor Activity Monitor as a proxy for attraction. Candida zemplinina was more attractive to winter than summer morphs when cultured in both sterile strawberry juice (SSJ) and artificial culture media (YPD). No significant correlations were found between principle component scores derived from single yeast volatile profiles and fly activity. There was also differential attraction of morphs to certain yeast mixes, most notably post SSJ culture mixes of Hanseniaspora uvarum and C. zemplinina were consistently more attractive to winter morphs. Mixtures of Metschnikowia pulcherrima + Pichia pijperi + H. uvarum in SSJ and M. pulcherrima + P. pijperi yeasts in YPD were also preferred by winter morphs, whilst summer morphs were attracted to SSJ co-cultures of M. pulcherrima + H. uvarum. However, co-culturing yeasts did not enhance attraction compared to post-culture mixes of constituent yeasts for either morph. Differential attraction of morphs to certain yeasts suggests options for new bait formulations in integrated pest management strategies may be tailored to better target morphs.
A New Quaternized Chitosan-Based Catalyst Obtained by an Environmentally-Friendly Synthesis Route for Green Production of Carbonated Molecules from Terminal Epoxides
Authors: Inciarte Helen C. , Cortés Natalia , Echeverri David A. , Rios Luis A.
Published: February 2025

Using CO2 as a building block to produce monomers through carbonation (cycloaddition reaction) provides an attractive approach to carbon dioxide valorization. The design of an efficient, cheap, and reusable catalyst for epoxide carbonation remains a challenge. In this paper, a new quaternized chitosan catalyst, useful for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides, was developed. The new catalyst was obtained using a short and straightforward route, including the use of non-depolymerized chitosan and benign reactants such as succinic anhydride (a food additive), at room temperature. The catalyst allowed the carbonation of glycidyl methacrylate at 100 °C, 2 MPa, and 6 h reaction without any solvent required, with 98% epoxide conversion and 87% selectivity to the carbonated product. The catalyst was reused during 3 cycles showing stable values of conversion and selectivity to the carbonated GMA. The selectivity to the carbonated GMA remained stable at 87% during seven recycles. The use of non-depolymerized chitosan as a precursor is a key point that brought durability to the catalyst in comparison to depolymerized chitosan. The catalyst was also used in the carbonation of two di-epoxides (1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) at 100 °C and 2 MPa affording high yields to the carbonated products.
Enhanced Biological, Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol by a Methacrylate Polymer and Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Erol Ibrahim , Hazman Ömer , Yılmaz Fadime , Khamidov Gofur
Published: February 2025

Due to the increasing adverse environmental effects of synthetic polymers, the need for environmentally friendly alternative biomaterials is increasing daily. In this context, the synthesis of novel Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) -based composite materials was aimed. In this study, methacrylate-based poly(2-oxo-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]ethyl-2-methylprop-2-enoate) (PTFMAM) polymer synthesized for the first time was blended with PVA by hydrothermal method. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were added to the PTFMAM-PVA blend using the hydrothermal method. Nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and FTIR. The thermal stability of nanocomposites was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and glass transition temperatures (Tg) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. According to TGA data, the thermal stability of PVA was improved by blending with PTFMAM and loading with Ag NPs. While the Tg of PVA and PTFMAM-PVA were 78 °C and 103 °C, this value increased to 116 °C with 7% Ag NP loading. The dielectric properties of the nanocomposites also increased with the loading of Ag NPs. Ag NPs loading also decreased the solubility of PVA in water. Combining PVA with PTFMAM and Ag NP increased the oxidant/antioxidant activity. At the same time, increases in the antimicrobial activities of the nanocomposites were observed. The inhibition zones of the nanocomposites against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans strains were between 8.56 and 15.08 mm. The results showed that PVA equipped with synthetic PTFMAM and biosynthesized Ag NPs caused improvements in thermal, dielectric, and biological properties. The produced PTFMAM-PVA/Ag nanocomposites showed that they could be alternative materials in areas where PVA is frequently used with their improved properties.
The Relationship Between Spiritual Caregiving and Compassion Levels Among Turkish Nurses: An ICU Case Study
Authors: Fırat Kılıç Hülya , Su Serpil , Cevheroğlu Seda
Published: February 2025

This descriptive and correlational study aimed to determine the levels of spiritual caregiving and compassion among Turkish Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses and evaluate the relationship between these two variables. This study included 135 ICU nurses working in a university hospital in Turkey. Descriptive information forms, the Compassion Scale (CS), and the Spiritual Care-Giving Scale (SCGS) were used for data collection. The participants’ mean CS score was high, with the separation and common humanity subscales yielding the lowest and highest scores, respectively. The mean SCGS score was high, with the lowest and highest scores obtained from the spiritual care attitudes and spirituality perspectives, respectively. There is a positive correlation between CS and SCGS scores. This study concluded that Turkish ICU nurses demonstrated high levels of compassion and spiritual care and that there is a positive relationship between them. Cultural factors can affect compassion and spiritual care; therefore, future studies in different cultures are necessary to provide more valid evidence, possibly through experimental studies.