bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate Strategy in Relation to Environmental protection issues
Authors: Bazin Damien
Published: June 2021

- Firms have a reputation for caring only about profits and for showing scant regard when it comes to the consequences of their actions or their behaviour in relation to environmental protection. We wish to put forward a renewed vision of firms in terms of their corporate social responsibility, one in which the above dichotomy becomes less marked. We will explain in detail the fact that in order to take environmental issues seriously, it is necessary to consider them with regard to corporate change at an institutional level. For this reason we will carry out a critical analysis of the use of an envi- ronmental tax and we will broaden the discussion to include the need for a greater responsibility among economic agents.

Keywords: corporate social responsibility, environment, responsible behaviour, taxation.

JEL classification: Q010, Q560, Q580

Parole chiave: responsabilitŕ sociale di impresa, ambiente, comportamento responsabile, tassazione
Come strutturare un sistema di contabilitŕ ambientale per il territorio e gli enti locali. Una proposta di integrazione fra il sistema CLEAR e l'approccio NAMEA
Authors: La Notte Alessandra , Frappiccini Luca
Published: June 2021

Negli ultimi decenni il concetto di contabilitŕ ambientale ha attraversato un notevole sviluppo dal punto di vista teorico, applicativo e nelle possibili utilizzazioni. Al momento presente da una parte, a livello macroeconomico, gli uffici statistici nazionali e comunitari assieme ad organizzazioni internazionali hanno lavorato ad un sistema di conti integrati economico-ambientali (SEEA) che ‘completa' attraverso conti satellite il sistema di contabilitŕ nazionale. Dall'altra parte iniziative locali, come Agenda 21, coordinate anche da organizzazioni internazionali, come ICLEI, hanno avviato una serie di sperimentazioni che introducono la rendicontazione sull'ambiente negli enti pubblici locali. Si tratta di due sistemi diversi che operano a diversi livelli instituzionali. Ci si chiede quindi se č possibile ed utile trovare fra essi un punto di incontro. Puň essere utile perchč, da una parte, a scala sub-regionale una contabilitŕ ambientale del territorio č del tutto assente e, dall'altra, sarebbe di aiuto una rigorosa base metodologica per la rendicontazione ambientale degli enti locali. Tale impostazione diventa possibile nel momento in cui si fa una chiara distinzione fra i moduli contabili veri e propri e gli indicatori da inserire nei documenti atti alla comunicazione. In questo lavoro si propone un sistema di integrazione fra i conti integrati economico- ambientali (SEEA) e il bilancio ambientale diffuso in molti comuni e province italiani (CLEAR). Nello specifico si presenta una possibile integrazione fra i dati NAMEA- emissioni in atmosfera e rifiuti e alcuni indicatori dei conti fisici CLEAR nella Provincia di Torino.
La contabilizzazione di emissioni e concentrazioni degli inquinanti in atmosfera utilizzando conti ambientali e chain modeling
Authors: La Notte Alessandra , Arduino Giorgio , Sordi Franca , Truffo Gianluigi
Published: June 2021

Le tematiche relative alla sostenibilitŕ ambientale sono caratterizzate da approcci interdisciplinari. Fra i vari strumenti che tentano di integrare le componenti economiche e le componenti ambientali si menzionano i conti integrati economici e ambientali le cui diverse tipologie sono contenute nel manuale SEEA. Fra i diversi moduli di contabilitŕ ambientale attualmente presenti ed utilizzati NAMEA č la matrice ‘ibrida' atta a contabilizzare i prelievi e le emissioni delle attivitŕ produttive e delle famiglie sull'ambiente. In questo lavoro si presentano i risultati dell'applicazione NAMEA in relazione alle emissioni in atmosfera nella regione Piemonte, provincia di Torino e comune di Torino. L'utilizzazione di database ‘raccolti' su territorio permette, oltre ad una puntuale analisi descrittiva e strutturale della matrice NAMEA, anche un collegamento con simulazioni relative alle concentrazioni degli inquinanti. Infatti l'utilizzo dell'Inventario Regionale delle Emissioni in Atmofera rappresenta il punto di contatto fra le cause generatrici delle emissioni elaborate attraverso NAMEA e l'effetto sull'ambiente in termini di concentrazioni elaborate attraverso la modellistica a catena. Va premesso che il processo che partendo dalle emissioni porta alle concentrazioni degli inquinanti non č lineare, tuttavia l'elaborazione di NAMEA a livello locale e la visualizzazione congiunta di emissioni e concentrazioni puň aiutare l'amministratore locale nella pianificazione di azioni da implementare sul territorio per migliorare la qualitŕ dell'aria.
Prospettive del negoziato globale sui cambiamenti climatici
Authors: Clini Corrado
Published: June 2021

Dopo che il senato USA aveva respinto la proposta di ratifica del Protocollo di Kyoto, e dopo che, nel dicembre 2000, vi era stata la rottura tra USA e Europa in occasione della COP 6, sarebbe stato necessario prendere atto che senza la partecipazione della piů grande economia mondiale la dimensione globale del Protocollo veniva notevolmente ridimensionata. Nel 2003 l'Italia aveva invano cercato di aprire una riflessione critica sull'efficacia del Protocollo e sull'esigenza di avviare un dialogo su basi nuove con USA e Cina. Ma la UE ha insistito con un approccio unilaterale, ha convinto la Russia nel 2004 a ratificare il Protocollo senza perň alcun impegno effettivo per l'economia russa. Intanto tra il 1997 e il 2005 l'economia mondiale era cambiata, le emissioni continuavano a crescere nei paesi non coinvolti gli impegni di riduzione delle emissioni di CO2. Nel 2007 il IV rapporto IPPC e Word Energy Outlook dell'IEA avevano chiarito il ruolo marginale del Protocollo mentre a Bali si stabiliva una road map per arrivare a Copenaghen con un nuovo trattato includente USA e Cina. Ma nonostante il fallimento il modello di negoziato del Protocollo č stato mantenuto. Invece di concentrarsi su complesse architetture legali e burocratiche, l'UE dovrebbe dedicarsi alla promozione di progetti internazionali per affrontare la sfida tecnologica globale valorizzando tutte le potenzialitŕ di una grande economia integrata.
Lo sterile dibattito sulla nuova strategia energetica
Authors: Clň Alberto
Published: June 2021

I Governi italiani hanno spesso proposto misure di politica energetica per il Paese, sebbene raramente si siano avuti effetti significativi. Recentemente il Governo italiano ha auspicato un passaggio dal concetto di politica e quello di "strategia energetica nazionale", i cui contenuti e metodi evidenziano gli stessi limiti che hanno portato all'insufficienza delle precedenti politiche. L'articolo pertanto mette in evidenza criticamente le ragioni del fallimento dei precedenti tentativi di definizione di una politica energetica nazionale e dello sterile dibattito sulla nuova strategia. Evidenzia, al contrario, la necessitŕ di rispettare alcuni aspetti metodologici che possono favorirne il successo: la necessitŕ di una maggiore specificitŕ delle misure, il ricorso all'analisi costi-benefici per identificare i trade-off tra le alternative, l'identificazione degli obiettivi prioritari e delle responsabilitŕ delle diverse istituzioni. Le sfide poste dai cambiamenti del contesto geopolitico, economico ed ambientale odierni rendono tale metodologia ancora piů urgente. Focalizzandosi successivamente sul tema degli obiettivi di una politica energetica, l'articolo ne identifica quattro (ambiente, competitivitŕ, sicurezza e crescita) e suggerisce l'apporto che alcune misure possono portare al raggiungimento degli stessi.
The power sector in italy: an (almost) forced path
Authors: Zorzoli Giovanni Battista
Published: June 2021

The article underlines that, after the results in the Referendum of June 2011 on nuclear energy policy, the future pathway of the power sector is strictly conditioned to the current production structure. The author analyzes how relevant economic, geopolitical, environmental and social factors could influence this situation in the next years and suggests some scenarios
An assessment of the tools of incentive regulation in electricity networks
Authors: Khalfallah Haikel , Glachant Jean-Michel
Published: June 2021

Network regulation is playing an active role in a context of restructuring energy systems for long term transition to a smart grid. Regulation of network companies' activities should consider both cost efficiency objectives and other objectives such as quality and network innovation. It is in this context that incentive regulation tools are discussed and assessed in this paper. The aim is to show their key features and how they could be aligned with the main regulation goals. This paper concludes that they should be considered as complementary tools to address conflicting regulatory aspects in an efficient manner.
Solid state anaerobic digestion as a possible solution for managing existing mechanical biological treatment plants in a more efficient way: a real case analysis
Authors: Di Maria Francesco
Published: June 2021

The exploitation of Mechanical Biological Treatment is quite diffused for treating fractions of Non-Differentiated Waste. A large part of the Italian Mechanical Biological Treatment facilities operate mainly by reducing and stabilizing the Non-Differentiated Waste mass before landfilling. This way of managing Mechanical Biological Treatment can be improved by the adopting a new treatment section, based on the Solid State Anaerobic Digestion process. In this way, the Waste Organic Fraction arising from the mechanical sorting of the Non-Differentiated Waste can be treated before the aerobic stabilization section of the existing Mechanical Biological Treatment. In Italy more than 40% of the working Mechanical Biological Treatment facilities have features suitable for being upgraded with a new Solid State Anaerobic Digestion section. In these plants the amount of the rapidly biodegradable fraction is about 1,100,000 tonnes per year, leading to the production of about 300 GWh of renewable energy. The results concerning a real case study show that, with the adoption of a new Solid State Anaerobic Digestion section, about 150 kWh of electric energy would be able to be produced per each tonne of Waste Organic Fraction. Furthermore, there would be a significant reduction in the Organic Load Rate [kgVS/m3*day] for the existing aerobic section of the plant, leading to additional savings of 160-320 kWh per day, depending on the amount of Waste Organic Fraction diverted from the Solid State Anaerobic Digestion. Results from the economic analysis show that the Solid State Anaerobic Digestion treatment cost ranges from about 6 up to 23 € per each tonne of Non-Differentiated Waste entering the existing Mechanical Biological Treatment plant.
How to divide the costs of urban solid wastes collection among citizens?
Authors: Fragnelli Vito
Published: June 2021

In this paper we deal with a cost allocation problem arising in a consortium for urban solid wastes collection and disposal. In particular, we consider the question of allocating the costs directly to the citizens in a fair way. The approach proposed is based on a game theoretic model that is applied to data from the consortium Ovadese - Valle Scrivia.
Adopting rational waste management schemes: The case of Preveza municipality
Authors: Karkanias Christos , Karagiannidis Avraam , Antonopoulos Ioannis S. , Samaras Petros
Published: June 2021

The amount of both Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) that is landfilled and of the industrial waste illegally dumped is still in high levels in most regions of Greece. Despite a number of measures that have been adopted during the last years, no significant landfill diversion has been achieved. The present study aims at developing an integrated zero-waste management system in order to reduce the amount of MSW delivered for further treatment or landfilling, while utilizing the diverted waste. MSW and industrial symbiosis will be generated by interacting the MSW management and the operating industries while transferring resources from waste management in order to be used in the industry sector. This strategy includes a balanced set of multiple parallel initiatives and measures that will act as drivers of economic activity and sustainable development trough the achieved eco-efficiency. The development of this waste management plan includes the involvement and participation of the general public so as to obtain consensus and achieve a minimum level of common understanding. This study is focused on the municipality of Preveza in the Hellenic region of Epirus and the potential industrial and MSW symbiosis achieved in the area. Multiple scenarios regarding solid waste generation, local management and co-management options, as well as downstream fate regarding the households as well as the companies and enterprises operating in the area were developed for the next two decades. The results of the study have shown the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the selected rational waste management especially these of the recycling scheme. The output for the municipality of Preveza for the next decades will be very positive in terms both of the waste management cost reduction and the elimination of the negative environmental impacts in the greater of the municipality area.
The brown side of the green economy: urban garbage and the zero-waste utopia
Authors: Massarutto Antonio
Published: June 2021

This article illustrates the result of a study based on the life-cycle costing technique applied to urban waste management in a typical Italian setting, in order to discuss the economic and ecological foundations of a management paradigm inspired by the "zero-waste" philosophy. We identify landfill availability as a critical natural capital requiring the adoption of strong sustainability indicators. We argue that the zero-waste approach is neither feasible nor desirable. Instead, strong arguments can be found in favour of a "zero-landfill" strategy, to be achieved through an adequate mix of material and energy recovery.
A new-institutional framework to explore the trade-off between agriculture, environment and landscape
Authors: Caracciolo Francesco , Lombardi Pasquale
Published: June 2021

The focus on sustainability issues in recent years has revived interest in the complex relations between economic development and environmental impact. New characteristics are being attributed to the rural landscape, while agriculture is taking on ever-increasing roles in public intervention policies in land management. This paper lends a further contribution to the wide-ranging discussion on the complex relations between agriculture and conservation of the rural landscape, revisiting the subject in the light of the new context of the multifunctional landscape and heterodox environmental economics. Analysis of both cultural and economic changes suggests the formulation of a new paradigm of sustainable development whose theoretical basis is laid by a multi-objective optimal allocation model. Farming must be remunerated directly by the market with the right combination of intrinsic product quality and attraction capacity thanks to positive externalities and the supply of public goods. This may lead to a reappraisal of whole areas in terms of efficiency and sustainability.
Issues in the calculation of antitrust damages in the energy industry
Authors: Linares Elisabetta
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the "private enforcement" of antitrust law, through the attempt by private parties (usually harmed competitors or consumers) to recover damages in court, has been increasingly gaining attention in Europe. This paper focuses on two particular regulated network industries (electricity and gas). The purpose of this essay is, first, to describe the types of antitrust cases that could arise in the energy industry and, second, to outline the issues that a forensic economist would face in calculating damages to competitors or other parties in these cases. The identified anti-competitive practices range from the delay or the outright denial of access to major gas transportation pipelines (or the refusal to expand their capacity), unfair tariffs for the use of gas transportation networks and capacity hoarding at regasification terminals or in other gas import infrastructure, to the delayed provision of reliable information needed for customer switching and/or to allow a new entrant to plan its electricity and gas purchases and thus minimize imbalance charges. These practices might entail actual monetary loss (damnum emergens) due, for instance, to; higher energy costs for final consumers; sunk costs incurred by competitors to start import or sales activities; noncost- reflective tariffs for access to gas import or transportation infrastructure; excessive imbalance charges and transmission fees; high costs sustained by traders to purchase electricity or gas for resale. Moreover, they may entail lost profits and foregone cash flows (lucrum cessans) due, for instance, to: definitive loss of customers; inability to serve or invoice energy consumers in a given period; lack of access to entire segments of the electricity or gas markets.
Una analisi delle modalitŕ di privatizzazione dei spl: il caso Eněa
Authors: Ziliotti Marco , Geroldi Gianni
Published: June 2021

- The aim of the paper is to focus on privatization of local public utilities (lpu) as a complex and «multidimensional» process. As an example of this issue, we study the case of Eněa spa, a company that manages the lpu of the Western area of Emilia Romagna, by the merging of three multi-utility companies (former city-owned firms). Making use of the Weigel (2003) theoretical framework, «formal» vs «substantial» privatization is discussed. The potential trade-off beetween efficiency and «social» objectives (not only prices, but also quality and security), together with low level of real competition in lpu often anable to carry on with excessively high rents, as a remedy for financial diseases of the (still public) owners.
Dividendo Sociale e Imposta Negativa: due diversi modi di intepretare la redistribuzione
Authors: Tondani Davide
Published: June 2021

- This article examines two redistributive programs: Negative Income Tax and Universal Basic Income. Its aim is to show that, even if the two programs through the implementation of an appropriate tax-benefit system can get the same distributive outcome, they are deeply different, from both the economic point of view and ethic perspective. The approach adopted integrates positive and normative analysis so that an explicit attention to ethical issues provides a more complete descriptive economics. We show that Negative Income Tax scheme is consistent with the libertarian idea of distributive justice, while Basic Income matches with the egalitarian thought.
Globalizzazione ed equitŕ distributiva: il ruolo del mercato e delle scelte politiche
Authors: Reviglio Franco
Published: June 2021

- Is globalisation the main determinant of the world's increasing inequity? Globalisation raises world welfare through increases in trade pushing economic growth and reducing poverty, but it worsens income discrepancies between skilled and unskilled workers in developed countries and between industrial workers and peasants in developing countries. Moreover, it does not benefit the poor living in countries that stay outside of the positive impact of globalisation on economic growth. As shown by the economic literature, the market is not responsible for income inequities, because it is neutral from the distributive side. The answer to the challenging equity issue is not protectionism built on barriers to trade and to the liberalisation process, but the adoption of political choices aimed at correcting income inequities both in developed and developing countries. JEL A1, D3, E6, F0, O1
La mobilitŕ come common ambientale: uno schema per la valutazione delle politiche
Authors: Giovannetti Enrico , Cecchi Antonio
Published: June 2021

- The debated issue of sustainable mobility has become one of the main points on every decision-maker agenda since the last thirty years. The idea proposed in this work is to redefine the resource «mobility» as a common good, which is produced by a collective action. In other words, the mobility of people and goods is both a structural aspect of the issue of environmental common reconstruction and a fundamental asset of a community of agents' social capital. The common good is thus socially constructed through the system of rights related to its use, reproduction or destruction, generated by the relationship network between agents. In the literature the debate seems mainly focused on the regulation of competition under conditions of «externalities » or market «failures», or on regulator failures, while a careful consideration of the strict linkage between structural generators (economic growth, demographic pressure, infrastructural weaknesses) and simultaneous failures both of the market and of the regulation policies can be rarely found. For this reasons, the aim of the present work is the construction of appropriate methodologies for the evaluation of scalable mobility policies suitable to be adopted from local level decision-makers to wider areas. Using an institutional framework that includes this social and iterated definition of the resource «mobility», we build indicators capable of modelling a traffic jam in its subjective determinants, and in order to check their reliability we test them against several case studies. The paper is completed by the formalisation of an example mobility policy, carried out using the proposed indicators. JEL Q01, D62, D85, L91, K23
La liberalizzazione dei servizi pubblici locali alla luce del federalismo funzionale: il caso dei servizi energetici
Authors: Mazzantini Gabriele
Published: June 2021

- The theory of FOCJ (Functional, Overlapping, Competing Jurisdictions) introduces a notion of functional federalism in which each jurisdiction is responsible for the provision of a specific class of public goods. In other terms, in the model citizens can choose some local public goods without moving from one jurisdiction to another, as Buchanan's and Tiebout's theories would require. This theory appears especially suitable to explain and illustrate the evolution of the Italian case, in which the liberalisation of the energy sector has enabled the consumers to choose their own gas and electricity supplier. This could be achieved detaching the production and marketing of the service from the management of the related network. In this way, it is possible to introduce for the first time a real competition between suppliers of local public goods and to break off the monopolies of the local incumbent: citizens addressing the same seller, belong to the same «functional jurisdictions», while citizens living in the same area can belong to different jurisdictions. In the future, we can foresee the emergence of two kinds of jurisdiction: small jurisdictions, highly localized, where the supplied service is highly specialized and customised; and bigger jurisdictions, characterized by the exploitation of economies of scale, in which the supplied service is undifferentiated and cheaper. JEL D72, H410, H73
Holism as an empirically meaningful metaphysical hypothesis
Authors: Calosi Claudio , Fano Vincenzo , Tarozzi Gino
Published: June 2021

Quantum mechanics is often credited for having clearly shown that the whole is something over and above the sum of its parts. We want to assess whether this is really the case, and if so, in what sense. We argue that there is indeed a sense in which this is true. Our argument is that even a weak realistic interpretation of quantum mechanics renders a particular metaphysical principle about property instantiation, that we label Property Compositional Determinateness, untenable. Yet there is another metaphysical principle about composition that is usually maintained to imply that composition of parts exhausts the whole they are part of, namely Mereological Extensionalism. In this case, contrary to widespread agreement, we argue that quantum mechanics does not provide any reason, either direct or indirect, to abandon such principle.
La ricerca valutativa nel campo della didattica: un'indagine tra i docenti dell'Universitŕ di Padova
Authors: Dalla Zuanna Gianpiero , Clerici Renata , Paccagnella Omar , Paggiaro Adriano , Martinoia Sabrina , Pierobon Silvia
Published: June 2021

This work aims at illustrating to illustrate the design and the first results of a survey which involved 1849 university professors who were teaching courses at Bachelor's and Master's Degrees of University of Padova during the academic year 2012/13. The research is part of a project of improvement of the academic educational innovation and the quality of academic teaching. The kind of approach is an evaluative research which was conducted within the academic organization and carried out among peers, using a quali-quantitative mixed method. The data was directly obtained using a CAWI questionnaire which was distributed to the whole teaching staff, and it was linked to administrative data related to the educational offer and students' evaluation of teaching in the same academic year. After a preliminary analysis of the factors which affected the probability of answering to the questionnaire, the results were summarized using some indicators which showed the diffusion of good practices of teaching, support needs, beliefs, interest and availability of the respondents to discuss more extensively the questions of the survey. The results are presented considering as reference context of teaching action and learning activities the eight Schools into which the degree courses are organized. Lastly, we identified sub-groups of potential participants for the qualitative phase of the research: they were characterized by different levels of professional practice and interest in innovating university teaching and they will be the right subjects to involve in different and integrated activities directed to develop teachers' professional competences.
Developing teaching and learning methods to innovate the Italian context of Higher Education. The case of University of Padua
Authors: Fedeli Monica , Serbati Anna , Taylor Edward W.
Published: June 2021

This article looks at theories and practices related to faculty development and innovation in teaching and learning methods in Higher Education, in order to respond to the European 2020 Strategy, in which the High level group on the modernisation of higher education has been established, whose aim focuses on improving the quality of teaching and learning in Europe's higher education institutions (2013). The paper is framed within the context of the project PRODID (Preparazione alla professionalitŕ docente e innovazione didattica), funded by the University of Padova, Italy with the major goal of creating a permanent and effective academic center for research on learning and teaching and faculty development. The theoretical framework of PRODID is informed by constructivism and social constructivism, and the student centered approach, encouraging student-teacher partnerships as a dimension for faculty development and teaching and learning innovations. The University of Helsinki and Michigan State University are mentioned as relevant examples of organizational settings integrated in higher education institutions that offer a great variety of practices consistent with the chosen theoretical framework. They also offer the Italian program of University of Padova models for critical reflection in how their teaching strategies can be created and developed on the basis of this international experience. The final discussion aims to highlight the strategies adopted during the first year of the project, characterized by the Italian culture and revealing new insights and ideas to create an Italian model of teaching and learning center.
Creating and sustaining teaching and learning centers: US models of resources and support, lessons learned, and building a culture of teaching and learning excellence
Authors: Coryell Joellen E.
Published: June 2021

This article represents an expanded discussion of a presentation on teaching and learning centers (TLCs) to an Italian national conference on the components of a research project entitled, Preparazione alla professionalitŕ docente e innovazione didattica (PRODID). The article aims to highlight an overview of findings from the research and practice literature regarding TLCs across their history in the United States, including the common structures and roles of these centers. Finally, the author provides theoretical underpinnings from organizational learning and development that are recommended for practice in creating and sustaining effective TLCs including the importance of co-creating value for teaching and learning excellence, building an inclusive learning culture within institutions of higher education, and managing and sustaining organizational change. Suggestions for further research are also provided.
Editoriale: famiglie, genere e differenze
Authors: Zamperini Adriano
Published: June 2021

- The term "gender" was originally used by linguists to refer to the rules associated with grammatical categories of words with masculine and feminine designations. The term has now taken on much broader significance, and controversies about its meaning abound in socio-psychological literature, with particular emphasis on the changing relationship. As a partial consequence, the fluctuation of family and conjugal ties in western society has become a central feature of social life, determining new family typologies. In Italy, notwithstanding the strength of traditional family ties, behaviours that once were marginal are becoming a common occurrence. The increase of new forms of families calls for a deep analysis of the phenomena in order to make possible the elaboration of interpretative paradigms.

Key words: families, gender, differences
Separazione, affidamento condiviso e sindrome di alienazione genitoriale
Authors: Cavedon Adele
Published: June 2021

- The law of February 8, 2006 has theoretically sanctioned the principle of parental dichotomy, putting the two parents at the same level; however the Italian judicial system often seems (to represent an optimal field to increase) to sharpen the contrast that it pretends to reduce as solutions (adapted) suitable for single, rather than for the whole family system, are often proposed. The partition of children is a specific case; they sometimes are divided among parents. In such context a particular type of Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) can arise which can be defined as inter-crossed or bilateral. In this work I intend to provide useful information to characterize PAS, although still little is known and studied in Italy, through a review of the existing literature and some suggestions that are the result of my experience in the field, offering a diagnosis of the phenomenon through the observation of minor children and their families' dynamics.

Key words: separation, shared confidence, Parental Alienation Syndrome
La relazione scuola-famiglia nella prospettiva dei genitori utilizzando un modello multidimensionale di competenza relazionale
Authors: Colesso Walter , Scilletta Claudia
Published: June 2021

- The efforts required to resolve the hardships of the Italian school context with efficient and preventive interventions need to be grounded on theoretical models and specific empirical investigation. For this reason we elaborated a model describing the relationship between school and family from the parents prospective with reference to the Relational Competence Theory. An 86-item questionnaire was built to investigate the following areas: inter generational influences, personality measures, parental commitment and efficacy. The data analyzed with Structural Equation Modelling showed functional and dysfunctional links between the areas under investigation. Moreover, significant interactions were observed among predictors such as gender, status, age, number of children, and education, even tough the effect sizes were small.

Keywords: Parental competence, parental involvement, school-family relationships, relational competence theory
Genitori e figli: quando i ruoli si invertono
Authors: Nicolini Chiara , Minervini Palma
Published: June 2021

- With the present study we cast light upon the demanding labour of Individuation- Separation that adult sons and daughters are asked to renovate when their parents get old and become dependent. In this turning point, children are asked to some extent to become the parents of their own parents. This is a very tough passage and there is a risk of confounding, especially if an "unconscious mix up" acts upon the children, the parents or between them. Starting from the legend of Aeneas that carries his old father Anchises on his shoulders, some theoretical speculations about the painful separation from aged parents are here proposed. Clinical examples illustrate the therapist's work that helps the patient in the Individuation process. This process develops within the intra-psychic space but needs also a strong investment at an inter-personal level. Only after reaching a separation condition the adult son or daughter can carry on his/her shoulders the aged parent without being overcome by crossed projections.

Key words: Individuation-separation, aged parents, adult sons/daughters
La coppia nella famiglia ricostituita dopo la separazione e il divorzio: un esempio di resilienza
Authors: Mazzoni Silvia , Iesu Ludovica
Published: June 2021

- This study investigates possible differences concerning romantic attachment and marital quality through a comparison between a sample of couples in stepfamilies after the divorce of one or both partners (N = 18) and another sample of intact couples (N = 68). The Experiences in Close Relationships scale is utilised to examine romantic attachment, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale is employed to assess dyadic adjustment and the Parental Bonding Instrument is used to measure the quality of parental bonding for each partner. The partners in stepfamily couples reported that they have negatively perceived maternal care during their childhood and described a greater levels of anxiety concerning romantic attachment; however step-family couples showed protective variables in couple relationship, that were perceived satisfying and represent a resiliency factor in regard to the break-up of their first marriage and the lack of maternal care.
Sociometry, Peace Research and Creative Conflict Transformation: An invitation to an encounter between J. L. Moreno and Johan Galtung
Authors: Graf Wilfried
Published: June 2021

- In his seminal work ‘Who Shall Survive' (1934), Moreno expresses his hope that sociometry will ultimately prepare the ground for a ‘Science of Peace'. On this basis, the author invites the reader to a meeting between sociometry, sociatry, and sociodrama, (especially the contributions of J. L. Moreno) on the one hand, and peace research and conflict transformation (especially the contributions of Johan Galtung) on the other. In the first part of this article, J. L. Moreno is re-examined as an early pioneer of peace research. The second part is a discussion of the similarities and differences between J. L. Moreno, as the founder of sociometry and psychodrama, and Johan Galtung, as the founder of peace research. The third part outlines the possibility of bringing together both approaches for a method of creative conflict transformation, conflict counseling, and mediation.
The Art of Psychodrama as a Public Space
Authors: Blomkvist Leif Dag
Published: June 2021

- This article, inspired by the writings of the philosopher Hannah Arendt, presents the concept of ‘Public Space' and traces its origins to the practice in the Polis (City State) of ancient Athens. The author points out that Public Space is a genuinely human domain, different from goal-oriented, reproductive activities shared with animals. He underlines the importance of distinguishing public from private space. Humans live in both, neither can exist without the other, but as a rule they must be kept separate and differentiated. The author attributes to public space the freedom of diversity and expression without loyalties, to see and to be seen and to act spontaneously in cooperation with others. He recruits Hanna Arendt, Sigmund Freud and J. L. Moreno in an appeal against a rising trend to conformity and ‘recognised' methods in psychotherapeutic practice and puts forward the idea of psychotherapy as an exchange, a public space, between two or more persons with a focus on the encounter between them. These qualities are most easily reached in group psychotherapy and in psychodrama, where spontaneity is the desired instrument.
Pequenos Grupos em Săo Paulo: Um Choque Cultural?
Authors: von Sommaruga Howard Teresa
Published: June 2021

- This paper describes our experience of organising small groups for all participants at the IAGP congress ‘Connecting People, Communities and Cultures'. Not much is said about the very necessary pre-congress organisation. Instead our focus is on the logistics of actually managing this ‘forgotten element' in the group therapy culture of Brazil and IAGP. To enable us to make more sense of our experience, we researched both the participants' and coordinators' experiences through an email questionnaire afterwards. Although it might have been possible to arrive at a list of recommenda- tions for the future, we came to the conclusion that it was probably more important to try to describe the inevitable misunderstandings that occur when bridging across cultures so that others can learn from them. We hope that through this description, others willing to take on the task of organising small groups in a very large congress will feel supported by our experience. It appeared in English in the last edition of Forum.
The Use of Large Groups to Address Cultural Differences in the Psychotherapy Community in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Solomon Margot
Published: June 2021

- This paper focuses on large group experiences in the psychotherapy community in Aotearoa New Zealand as case illustrations for the themes that emerge relating to culture, identity, and large group process. The large group works to establish a new socially relational context where it becomes possible to build new personal relationships in the socio-political domain; to sit with and confront the pain that is held by the individual and the minority group and blocks thinking outside divisive positions in society. This is the work that psychotherapists in New Zealand are doing.
Swot analysis come tecnica per i decision makers della verifica di democrazia partecipativa
Authors: Gasparini Alberto
Published: June 2021

- Prediction involves a given point in future time (t1), and the process by means of which the future time t1 may come about, starting from the present time (t0), lies at the heart of prediction. The author analyses what happens in that process - description of the phenomenon, identification of its causes, reconstruction of the mechanisms, strategies in which to frame the actions required for the desired change in the time t0, assessment of the consequences and evaluation of good practices. The method to achieve the process is a blend of descriptions, causal analyses and evaluations, but above all indications to decision makers to identify the best practices - the scenario's internal and external variables and the strategies in which to frame actions. The author uses SWOT analysis to build four scenarios, each corresponding to a democratic model. When subjected to SWOT analysis, the four democratic models yield three models of democracy, each implying a type of strategy for the action of decision makers. These types are defined as: pedagogic function, synthesis of stakeholders' values and coordinated projects of discussion, decision and management. Tasks and limits of prediction in the intelligence cycle, by Umberto Gori This text examines the question of prediction with particular reference to international relations. Observations about the turbulent and complex nature of the present-day international system are followed by an analysis of the problems facing the prediction of a chaotic system. The discussion then turns to intelligence analysis and the tasks and limits of prediction in the intelligence cycle, and is completed with a review of the methods useful for understanding political systems and the prediction of decisions. The conclusions make brief reference to a number of new discoveries and interpretations in advanced physics to throw doubt on our ability to grasp the profound essence of reality. Futuribili, 1/2008
Discussione di gruppo e previsione. Alcune implicazioni per la valutazione dei metodi
Authors: Arnaldi Simone
Published: June 2021

- In the context of panel-based methods, group discussions between experts and stakeholders are widely used in prediction to produce, collect and select the information needed for the construction of visions and images of the future and for the development of strategies and plans of action for the present. Despite the widespread use of these techniques, the literature seems to neglect possible bias that may be generated by discussion itself and that may, if not monitored, undermine their ability to make a reliable contribution to the prediction process. Referring to the use of focus groups in social research, the article attempts to outline a possible interpretative framework for the main dynamics and conditions of group discussions, in order to improve our awareness of the bias that may arise from them.
Un'ospedale virtuale per sani? Previsione, prevenzione e comunicazione della salute nel cuore del Mediterraneo
Authors: Cattaneo Ada
Published: June 2021

- In line with the World Health Organisation, the European Union is showing increasing interest in prevention and prediction in health matters. One of the funded projects designed to find innovative solutions is PIPS (Personalised Information Platform for Health and Life Services), run by the Scientific Institute at the Hospital of San Raffaele (Milan) in a virtual hospital for the healthy. Here, top-level expertise in the medical-technological and sociological-communicative fields creates a network of services for the remote prediction/protection of the illnesses/health of healthy and sick people alike. Intelligent medicine cabinets and trolleys are based on a communicative, relational and interactive architecture of studies on the individual and the creation of individual scenarios. The hospital exemplifies the contribution of sociology in prevention, prediction, education and treatment, putting together personalised services. The location of the hospital at the intersection of the Lisbon-Kiev and Sweden-Sicily axes bears witness to the gradual shift of the centre of gravity of health matters towards the Mediterranean.
L'Occidente e la diversitŕ linguistica: analisi e prospettive di un rapporto problematico
Authors: Scaglione Stefania
Published: June 2021

- While speaking a shared language certainly stands as a powerful factor for aggregation in a community, the use of other languages in the community life does not necessarily constitute a threat to its cohesion and civil identity. On the contrary, often it is precisely the insistence on pursuing repressive monolingual policies which systematically prevents cohesion within (ethno-) linguistically heterogeneous communities. It is now incumbent upon the West to design new language policies which are able to enhance the value of multi-lingualism as an important resource.
Lo Spagnolo nel mondo
Authors: de Arěstegui y San Romŕn Gustavo
Published: June 2021

- Language is the most penetrating instrument of what is currently known as soft power. It is no longer just a tool to be used in cultural foreign policy - usually of marginal importance - but a full-blown political factor. In this regard Spanish has enormous potential for universal use in fields beyond the purely cultural, and this may be exploited in a coalition of Latin languages, of common roots and common richness, to be set up in opposition to English as a lingua franca.
Iraq: la battaglia della lingua
Authors: Farina Michele
Published: June 2021

- Lost in translation in Baghdad: five years of conflict seen as a language conflict, or a missed encounter. A poor grasp of Arabic - often an inability or refusal to utter the even the simplest greeting - and the scarcity of decent interpreters in the American forces have proved to be a significant and long-neglected factor in the widening divide between the invader-liberators and the local population. And consequently in the difficulty in winning over hearts and minds at the expense of the insurgents. This is a study of the language factor in the resolution, or the festering, of asymmetrical wars past and present.
Ai raggi del sole di York. Mito, statualitŕ e politica imperiale nel nord-ovest indiano. Il caso del Baluchistan (1870-1914)
Authors: Pastori Gianluca
Published: June 2021

- Language is a powerful tool for the creation and dissemination of myths. In this regard the Indian subcontinent was one of the places in which the British Empire wielded this tool with the greatest force. The mythical-symbolic construction of the tribal "nobility" of the proto-state of Kalat is a clear example of how that dynamic interfered with the local power structure.
Afghanistan, i talebani ed il "Grande gioco"
Authors: Piacentini Matteo
Published: June 2021

L'Afghanistan č stato spesso un luogo in cui macro-attori hanno giocato un "Grande gioco". L'Ottocento ha visto la Russia e l'Inghilterra attori del "Grande gioco", i paesi dell'Asia centrale e l'Afghanistan ne erano succubi. Negli anni Ottanta del Novecento la Russia sovietica cerca di risolvere autonomamente questo gioco assimilando questo paese ai paesi dell'Asia centrale. Ma altri due attori principali si inseriscono nel "Grande gioco", e cioč si tratta del Pakistan e degli Stati Uniti, che scalzano i russi dall'Afghanistan, utilizzando forze locali come, prima i

, e poi dopo i talebani, fortemente sostenuti dal Pakistan e altrettanto fortemente orientati religiosamente con i caratteri sunniti. L'Autore mette in risalto perň come il petrolio sia il punto di riferimento del "Grande gioco". E, con il crollo dell'Unione Sovietica assumono importanza i paesi dell'Asia centrale, in primo luogo il Turkmenistan. Da questo punto di vista l'Afghanistan diventa il punto di connessione di

tra questi paesi exsovietici e il Pakistan, con il sostegno degli Stati Uniti e dell'Arabia Saudita. L'orientamento fondamentalista dei talebani, e poi il loro approccio al terrorismo di Al Qaeda diffuso sia verso la parte occidentale del Pakistan che in alcuni paesi dell'Asia centrale, indeboliscono la posizione del Pakistan nel ruolo del "Grande gioco" ed invece inseriscono in questo, oltre agli Stati Uniti, anche la Russia, la Cina, l'India. Č un "Grande gioco" in cui elemento importante č l'utilizzo del petrolio dei paesi dell'Asia centrale, e in secondo luogo la lotta comune al terrorismo di orientamento Al Qaedista.
Massimo D'Antona e la "contrattualizzazione" del pubblico impiego:un tecnico al servizio di un'utopia
Authors: Carinci Franco
Published: June 2021

Nell'ambito dell'iniziativa di una rilettura delle opere di Massimo D'Antona, l'A. si sofferma sull'articolo «Lavoro pubblico e diritto del lavoro: la seconda privatizzazione del pubblico impiego nelle "leggi Bassanini"» ricostruendo l'intero progetto riformatore del processo di privatizzazione del pubblico impiego.