bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do ESG Ratings Affect Firm Performance of Multi Business Groups? The Role of Board Characteristics in Firm Performance Mediated by Governance Score
Authors: Kim Mookung , Meivitawanli Bryna
Published: June 2022

The interest of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores is increasing in both academic research and industry practices. Many previous studies have examined the effects of ESG scores on the operating and market performance of firms but have found mixed results. The objective of this study is to provide a preliminary analysis of the effect of ESG scores on financial performances of the Korean multi-business group conglomerates, the Chaebols. Using a panel sample for fixed/random effects in regression analyses, this study investigates a sample of all the 32 Chaebol firms in the period of 2014–2019. Our results showed that the governance score of the firm has a positive effect on financial performances. Further, we analyzed the factors affecting governance scores of the firm in relation to board characteristics. Out of four independent variables, three showed significant results. These are CEO duality, the board size, and the average age of board members of the firms. The results remain consistent and significant after robustness testing.
Unintended Pregnancy and Contraception among African women living with HIV: baseline analysis of the multi-country US PEPFAR PROMOTE cohort
Authors: Aizire Jim , Yende-Zuma Nonhlanhla , Hanley Sherika , Nematadzira Teacler , Nyati Mandisa M. , Dadabhai Sufia , Chinula Lameck , Nakaye Catherine , Fowler Mary Glenn , Taha Taha
Published: June 2022

Background: About 90% of unintended pregnancies are attributed to non-use of effective contraception – tubal ligation, or reversible effective contraception (REC) including injectables, oral pills, intra-uterine device (IUD), and implant. We assessed prevalence of unintended pregnancy and factors associated with using RECs, and Long-Acting-Reversible-Contraceptives (LARCs) – implants and IUDs, among women living with HIV (WLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART).Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of US-PEPFAR PROMOTE cohort enrollment (December 2016 to June 2017) data, from Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Wilcoxon Rank Sum and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare continuous and categorical variables. Separate outcome (REC and LARC) modified-Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence risk ratio (PRR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Of 1,987 enrolled WLHIV, 990 (49.8%) reported their last/current pregnancy was unintended; 1,027/1,254 (81.9%) non-pregnant women with child-bearing potential reported current use of effective contraception including 215/1,254 (17.1%) LARC users. Compared to Zimbabwe, REC rates were similar in South Africa, aPRR=0.97 (95% CI: 0.90-1.04), p=0.355, lower in Malawi, aPRR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.78-0.91), p<0.001, and Uganda, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73-0.91), p<0.001. Additionally, REC use was independently associated with marriage/stable union, aPRR=1.10 (95% CI: 1.01-1.21), p=0.039; no desire for another child, PRR = 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02-1.16), p=0.016; infrequent sex (none in the last 3 months), aPRR = 1.24 (95% CI: 1.15-1.33), p<0001; HIV load (≤ 1000 copies/ml), PRR = 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02-1.19), p=0.014, and education (secondary or higher), aPRR = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84-0.98), p=0.013. LARC use was independently associated with country (Zimbabwe ref: South Africa, PRR = 0.39 (95% CI: 0.26-0.57), p<0.001; Uganda, PRR = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.42-1.01), p<0.054; and Malawi, aPRR = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.64-1.19), p=0.386); HIV load (≤ 1000 copies/ml copies/ml), aPRR = 1.73 (95% CI: 1.26-2.37), p<0.001; and stay home / no formal income, aPRR = 0.5 (95% CI: 0.59-0.97), p=0.027. Conclusions: We observed high rates of unintended pregnancy and considerable gaps in use of effective contraceptives particularly LARCs. Integrated HIV and reproductive health country-level efforts to improve effective contraceptive utilization should consider HIV load, and social factors regarding education, sexual activity, sexual partnerships, fertility desires, and economic independence.
Irisin protects against IL-1β-induced chondrocytes injury by activating the ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Yan , Liao Tao , Zhou Xu-Chang , Zeng Ni , Wang Hao-Nan , Yan Zhi-Peng , Cheng Lin , Ni Guo-Xin
Published: June 2022

The predominant pathological manifestation of osteoarthritis (OA) is articular cartilage damage. Chondrocytes are the only cell type present in articular cartilage. The proportion of chondrocytes inflammation and apoptosis correlated significantly with the degree of articular cartilage degeneration and progression of OA. Irisin is released from myocytes during physical activity, and acts as a link between muscles and other tissues and organs. Many studies have confirmed the multifunctional role of Irisin and the beneficial effects of this molecule on bone development and regeneration. Little is known about the mechanisms of Irisin on chondrocytes and the development of OA. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms and effects of Irisin on interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced rat chondrocytes. Our results revealed that Irisin improved IL-1β-induced growth inhibition in chondrocytes and attenuated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). And Irisin decreased the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and exerted anti-apoptotic effects by the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling pathway. In conclusion, Irisin acts through the ERK signaling pathway to protect against IL-1β-induced chondrocytes injury by reducing excessive ROS, inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. The present study sheds new light on the chondroprotective actions of this myokine, and further develops the therapeutic targets of Irisin for bone and cartilage disorders including OA.
The gut microbiome modulates the transformation of microglial subtypes
Authors: Xie Peng , Huang Yu , Wu Jing , Zhang Hanping , Li Yifan , Wen Lu , Tan Xun , Cheng Ke , Liu Yiyun , Pu Juncai , Liu Lanxiang , Wang Haiyang , Li Wen , Perry Seth , Wong Ma-Li , Licinio Julio , zheng peng
Published: June 2022

Clinical and animal studies have shown that gut microbiome disturbances can affect neural function and behaviors via the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of several brain diseases. However, exactly how the gut microbiome modulates nervous system activity remains obscure. Here, using a single-cell nucleus sequencing (snRNA-seq) approach, we sought to characterize the cell type-specific transcriptomic changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (Hip) derived from Germ-Free (GF), Specific Pathogen Free (SPF), and Colonized-GF (CGF) mice. We found that the absence of gut microbiota resulted in cell-specific transcriptomic changes. Furthermore, microglia transcriptomes were preferentially influenced, which could be effectively reversed by microbial colonization. Significantly, the gut microbiome modulated the mutual transformation of microglial subpopulations in the two regions. Cross-species analysis showed that the transcriptome changes of these microglial subpopulations were mainly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), which were further supported by animal behavioral tests. Our findings demonstrate that gut microbiota mainly modulate the mutual transformation of microglial subtypes, which may lead to new insights into the pathogenesis of AD and MDD.
In vitro antifungal activity of Shikonin against Candida albicans by inducing cellular apoptosis and necrosis
Authors: Pang Chong , Chen Jianshuang , Liu Shuangyan , Miao Hao
Published: June 2022

Our previous studies showed that Shikonin (SK) had a strong anti-Candida albicans (C. albicans) activity, especially against some fluconazole-resistant strains, which is probably due to the oxidative damage of SK to C. albicans. In this study, we further analyze the exact mechanism of SK against C. albicans. Through some experiments, such as detecting the apoptosis and necrosis rates of C. albicans SC5314 cells treated with different concentrations of SK by Annexin V-FITC / PI double staining, observing the ultrastructure of cells by transmission electron microscopy, testing mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity, caspase activity, and caspase-related gene CaMCA1 expression level. We found that SK could induce a series of apoptosis characteristics, including phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, chromatin condensation and fragmentation, decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity as well as caspase activation. In summary, this study highlighted the antifungal activity and mechanism of SK against C. albicans, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for C. albicans infection.
CloudSat inferred Contrasting Monsoon intra-seasonal variation with the cloud vertical structure over Indian regions
Authors: KALAPUREDDY Madhu Chandra Reddy , Patra Sukanya , Dhavale Vipul , Nair Meenu R
Published: June 2022

Earlier studies emphasized the critical contrast of cloud properties over central India during intraseasonal oscillation of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). How this intraseasonal ISM variation can be investigated with the cloud vertical structure (VSC) over other parts of India is yet to be explored. To fulfill this gap area, VSC derived from nine years of CloudSat measurements over geographically different but having homogenous ISM rainfall Indian regions are selected for the study. We investigated VSC, types of clouds, and microphysical properties during the intra-seasonal variation of ISM. Prominent contrast was found in the mid-tropospheric cloud region during the ISM spells. Analysis of cloud types shows significant intra-seasonal variability with the presence or absence of mixed-phase clouds (As, Ns, and Ac). In ISM (active and break) spells, the core monsoon regions (CI, CE, WI) share similar VSC features (complete or void mid-levels). Hence, microphysical properties follow similar characteristics except for ice water content which differs profusely among them. Over these regions, ten times higher ice effective radius during active days indicates dominating ice process compared to break days. Larger-sized ice hydrometeors (> 25 µm) are present at 5–6 km, which shows good interrelation with the ISM active and break spells above frizzing level, and its size decreases with altitude. Whereas no difference in VSC is found during different ISM spells over the eastern part of India (WB and EI) except in the ice microphysical parameters, which are more dominant during break days. Further, irregular and discontinuous VSC over north and south India (NI and SI) could be due to their pertinent geographical conditions. Suppression of cloud processes at mid-tropospheric altitude is one of the most important reasons behind reduced precipitation over the core ISM regions. Mid-tropospheric drying is a remarkable sign of ISM break, which is the main source of suppressed convection and cloud activity over the core ISM region. This CloudSat study brought robust composite cloud vertical structure for the ISM intra-seasonal variability of cloud over different regions of India to improve the understanding of cloud-related processes and then increase the predictive capabilities of large-scale models.
Static friction coefficient model of joint surface based on the modified fractal model and experimental investigation
Authors: Zhang Caixia , Li Xiang , He Jinlin , Cheng Yanhong , Liu Zhifeng , Li Ying
Published: June 2022

It has been widely recognized that influences of static friction characteristics in a bolted joint on pre-tightening and service reliability. This study proposed a static friction coefficient model of joint surfaces based on the modified three-dimensional fractal model. A method of measuring the static friction coefficient of joint surfaces was investigated to verify the accuracy of model. The results showed that calculated value of the model and measured value of experiment are highly matched. Further, the influential mechanisms of material, pressure and surface topography were investigated. The relative error between experimental results and model calculations are all less than 15%. This research provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research on the friction characteristics of joint surfaces and connection reliability of bolted joints.
Involvement of Kynurenine Pathway Between Inflammation and Glutamate in the Underlying Etiopathology of CUMS-Induced Depression Mouse Model
Authors: Wu Xingying , Chen Bowen , Di Zhong , Jiang Shuo , Xu Haipeng , Shi Mengting , Hu Rong , Sun Shaopeng , Song Zhujin , Liu Jiapeng , Ma Ruijie , Guo Qin
Published: June 2022

Inflammation and glutamate (GLU) are widely thought to participate in the pathogenesis of depression, and current evidence suggests that the development of depression is associated with the activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP). However, the exact mechanism of KP among the inflammation, GLU and depression remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the involvement of KP, inflammation and GLU in depressive phenotype induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in C57B/6J mice. Our results showed that CUMS caused depressive like-behavior in the sucrose preference test, tail suspension test and forced swimming test. From a molecular perspective, CUMS upregulated the peripheral and central inflammatory response and activated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme of KP, which converts tryptophan (TRP) into kynurenine (KYN). KYN is a precursor for QA in microglia, which could activate the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), increasing the GLU release, mirrored by increased IDO activity, quinolinic acid and GLU levels in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and serum. However, intervention with IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan (50 mg/kg/s.c.) and 1-methyl-L-tryptophan (15 mg/kg/i.p.) reversed the depressive-like behaviors and adjusted central and peripheral KP’s metabolisms levels as well as GLU content, but the inflammation levels were not completely affected. These results provide certain evidence that KP may be a vital pathway mediated by IDO linking inflammation and glutamate, contributing to depression.
Global Online Interest in Finasteride Sexual Side Effects
Authors: Asanad Kian , Sholklapper Tamir , Samplaski Mary , Cacciamani Giovanni
Published: June 2022

Prior literature has suggested that Propecia or finasteride may negatively impact men’s sexual health. In 2011, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provided a warning on finasteride drug labels to include decreased libido and erectile dysfunction. We sought to determine global online interest in finasteride sexual side effects, their penetrance and variation, and how they compared over time. We also sought to evaluate the influence of the FDA communications on internet searches for finasteride side effects. We utilized Google search engine from January 2004 to December 2020 to include trends from web searches of Propecia or finasteride and its side effects compared amongst the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. We performed join-point regression analysis. We compared the annual relative search volume (ARSV), average annual percentage change (AAPC), and temporal patterns to evaluate for loss or gain of interest in the respective key terms. We determined that average ARSV for “finasteride” was 15% in 2004 and increased significantly to 57% in 2020 (APC: +9.25%, 95% CI 8 to 10.5, p<0.001). Likewise, there was significant interest in “finasteride side effects” (AAPC: +20.7, p<0.001) and “post-finasteride syndrome” (AAPC: +29.2; p<0.001) over time. Finally, when compared trends before and after FDA communications, the average (SD) ASRV of “finasteride”, “finasteride side effects”, and “post-finasteride syndrome” all increased significantly (p=0.001, p=0.014, p<0.001), respectively. Thus, it is evident that there is a global web-based interest in finasteride and its side effects, especially after the FDA warning in 2011. These results demonstrate an increased public awareness, and thus providers should have more detailed and careful discussions with patients prior to starting treatment with finasteride.
Quantitative evaluation of artifact expression of mesoporous calcium silicate nanoparticles as a new promising root canal sealer in cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Chen Cheng , Wu Huili , Zhao Xiao , Leng Diya , Wu Daming
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To quantitatively evaluate the artifact area of the image of mesoporous calcium silicate nanoparticles (MCSNs) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods: Forty single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected and prepared with NiTi rotary instruments to 35/0.04, and divided into four groups (n=10): (I) AH Plus sealer; (II) MCSNs sealer; (III) iRoot SP sealer and (IV) no sealer. There were filled with a single cone (35/0.04 taper) method. The roots were scanned using a CBCT with the same parameters before and after filling. The images were evaluated using ImageJ’s threshold tool to quantitatively determine the hyperdense and hypodense artifacts, and non-affected teeth areas within 8-bit images extracted from the scans.Results: MCSNs showed fewer hyperdense artifacts than AH plus and iRoot SP (P < 0.01), while the hypodense artifacts were not statistically significant among groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion: MSCNs can effectively reduce the generation of hyperdense artifacts in CBCT images and show better image qualities, indicating that they have a minor adverse effect on evaluating the quality of root canal filling and diagnosing root canal diseases in CBCT images.Clinical Relevance: As a novel type of root canal filling nanomaterials, MSCNs have less artifact expression and higher quality in CBCT images. Therefore, this new root filling material is expected to play a positive role in improving the correct clinical evaluation of root canal filling teeth and the visualization of root canal cracks and fractures.
Dry-season water level shift induced by channel change of the river-lake system in China's largest freshwater lake, Poyang Lake
Authors: Guo Yan , Lai Xijun , Wu Xinghua , Chen Yongbai
Published: June 2022

As a large open lake that connects to the middle reaches of Yangtze River, Poyang Lake, China, has experienced dramatic water level changes, especially during the dry periods (November–March) in recent years. For better understanding the shift of dry-season lake level, we quantified the variations induced by channel changes of the river-lake system (CCORLS). Attempts were achieved through establishing two Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based water level prediction models, combined hydrological data in the periods of 1956–2000 and 2006–2016. The results indicated that: (1) With reference to earlier (1956–2000) dry periods, the recent (2006–2016) mean water levels had an overall decreasing trend, with values of 0.04–1.26 m across the lake. (2) The response of water level to CCORLS was spatially heterogeneous, triggering a sharp reduction in the central to northern lake, an obvious reduction in the lake outlet, and a relatively smaller reduction in the southern lake. (3) The bottom topography alteration of Poyang Lake made a dominating contribution to decline the lake water levels, while the Yangtze River’s mainstream channel near the lake played a minor role in the decrease of water level. Results shed light on the impact of systematic watercourse changes on the water level of a lake connected a river and enhanced understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms behind the hydrological changes of large freshwater lakes.
Using Multiple linear regression model to predict The Customers’ Purchase Decision based on After-Sales Services
Authors: Thalji Zyad
Published: June 2022

The only link between the seller and the buyer is the information that available on the trading platforms about the products. All researchers in e-commerce agreed on the importance of providing information on products and services in e-commerce platforms to achieve customer satisfaction This paper aims to reveal how the availability of information on E-commerce platform about After-Sales Services can affect on customers’ purchase decisions. The study used descriptive research and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Dammam city as the study population. Also, it used the convenience random sampling approach to overcome bias in this research. The study covered all dimensions of After-Sales Services. 533 respondents completed the study questionnaire. The researcher used many statistical analyses tests before using deep learning. Furthermore, the study used hierarchical clustering and K-means to cluster consumers. The results show that respondents of this research can be clustered in three different groups based on behavior regarding demographic attributes. This study’s findings show that there is a positive relationship between the dimensions of and customers’ purchase decisions. the study presented several suggestions for platforms to keep their customers and make more profits.
Catalytic degradation of Methylene blue by Biosynthesized Au Nanoparticles on titanium dioxide (Au@TiO2)
Authors: Wang Yanan , Zhang Tieliang , Zhao Yujie , Lv Tong , liu Wenjing , Liu Xiaowei
Published: June 2022

Degradation of methylene blue is a critical procedure in its wastewater remediation, thus has inspired wide catalysis research with semiconductors such as Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and rare metals such as gold (Au). In this study we report bacterial cells assisting biosynthesis for Au@TiO2 as an efficient catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue. Multiple complementary characterization for bio-Aux@TiO2 evidenced the evenly distributed Au NPs on the bio-TiO2 layers. Meanwhile, bio-Au2@TiO2 displayed the superior catalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue with the highest k value of 0.195 min-1. The origin of the catalytic activity was explored by the hydroxyl radical fluorescence quantitative analysis. In the bio-Au2@TiO2 catalytic system, Au NPs decreased the band gap energy of TiO2, increased charge separation between the excited (h+)–(e-) pairs, enabling the generation of a large amount of photogeneration hydroxyl radicals, resulting in an enhanced photocatalytic activity. Our microbial synthesized bio-TiO2 and bio-Aux@TiO2 study would be useful for developing green synthesis catalyst technologies.
MicroRNA-1 small nucleic acid drugs attenuate the progression of osteoarthritis by downregulating Indian hedgehog
Authors: Li Pengcui , Gao Yangyang , Wang Hang , Che Xianda , Cong Lingling , Jiang Pinpin , Zhou Raorao , Liang Dan , Li Penghua , Wang Chunfang , Sang Shengbo , Duan Qianqian
Published: June 2022

Objective
To verify whether MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) small nucleic acid drugs can delay the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) by downregulating Indian hedgehog (Ihh).
Methods
Costal chondrocytes were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 2–3 days. Second-generation chondrocytes were transfected with miR-1 mimic and empty vector with lipo3000 for 6 h and then stimulated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β for 24 h. OA-related genes and cartilage matrix genes were quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). Two-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group + 50 µL saline, anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) group + 50 µL agomiR-1 small nucleic acid drug, and control group ACLT + 50 µL agomiR-1. Treatment was started one week after the operation. All animals were euthanized eight weeks after the operation. X-rays and CT scans were used to detect imaging changes in the articular cartilage. Safranin O staining was used to detect morphological changes in articular cartilage. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect changes in Col2, Col10, metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), and other indicators. RT-qPCR was used to detect changes in indicators such as miR-1, Col2, Col10, MMP-13, Ihh, Smo, Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3.
Results
Overexpression of miR-1 in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes reduced the levels of Ihh, MMP-13, and Col10 but increased the levels of Col2 and aggrecan. Intra-articular injection of miR-1 small nucleic acid drugs reduced osteophyte formation and prevented histological cartilage damage. RT-qPCR results indicated that the miR-1 small nucleic acid drug increased articular cartilage anabolism.
Conclusions
miR-1 small nucleic acid drugs can delay the progression of OA by downregulating Ihh.
Characterization of Short-Channel MOSFETs and TFETs at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: kumar kunal , Huang Sheng-Yi , lin Shih-Hsiang , kao kuo hsing , wang yeong her
Published: June 2022

This paper compares the electrical characteristics of MOSFETs and tunnel FETs at different temperatures (300 ~ 10 K) by advance Sentaurus TCAD simulations at low temperature. we deliberated output characteristics of short-channel MOSFETs based on temperature. Our massiveness indicated that MOSFETs with drift-diffusion transport mechanism exhibit higher on-currents, and the subthreshold swing first decreases with temperatures linearly and then saturates at cryogenic temperatures due to source-to-drain tunneling. Also the output current is more when device cryogenically shift from 300K to 10K, However, our simulations reveal that the subthreshold swing of a tunnel FET is almost independent on temperatures. This wok also points out the challenges of a tunnel FET working at cryogenic temperatures.
Assessment of the application for microelement methionine hydroxy analogue chelate replacing amino acid chelate in pregnant sows
Authors: Guo Liu , Liu Shuan , Gong Chengyan , Zhao Wei , Mu Yuyun , Yin Yulong , Long Cimin , Wan Dan
Published: June 2022

Trace element additives are widely supplemented in animal feed to improve growth and reproductive performance, especially for pregnant sows. Although organic trace elements significantly improved production performance compared with inorganic form due to the better bioavailability, antioxidant and immune-promoting function, reports on comparison of the effects on different ligands is still limited. And it is not known that microelement methionine hydroxy analogue chelate (MHAC) whether has similar or even better bioavailability than amino acid chelate (AAC). Thus, the Zn, Cu and Mn chelated with methionine hydroxy analogue (Zn-, Cu- and Mn-MHAC) and amino acid chelate (AAC) were compared in two large-scaled farms under similar conditions. The results showed Zn-, Cu- and Mn-MHAC trace elements significantly increased reproductive performance of Landrace × Yorkshire (LY) 1st sows in treatment farm related to litter size and weight while reduced all adverse pregnancy outcomes (P < 0.001) not only in partial application period but also in full application period compared with historical period, especially in live litter size (P < 0.001), healthy litter size (P < 0.001) and litter weight (P < 0.001), and the increase of birth average weight more than 100g. Treatment farm has similar-level (P > 0.05) even significantly better production performance included litter size (P = 0.003), live litter size (P = 0.039) and mummies (P = 0.011) compared to the control farm in the end of trial period which was much worse than that of control farm in historical period (P < 0.001). In addition, all production performance of treatment farm had a continuous upward trend while control farm showed instability and decreasing trend. Our research revealed Zn-, Cu- and Mn-MHAC may have better effect on improving the performance of sows compared to amino acid chelate (AAC).
Experimental contour graph modelling of sandstones at high temperatures
Authors: Lee Joon Hyuk , Kang Ju Hui , Choi Sang Sun
Published: June 2022

The successful disposition of radioactive nuclear waste has been considered to be a non-negligible task in the strategy for developing advanced nuclear fuel cycles. The physical behavior of sandstone has garnered widespread interest for use in highly radioactive nuclear waste repositories due to its potential impacts on stability at high temperatures. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the physical characteristics of sandstones by combining tensile strength and porosity at 500°C. Our results show that the quartz content has a significant impact on the physical characteristics of sandstones. Further, an experimental contour graph modelling via mass loss ratio and specific gravity of sandstones at 500°C was also observed. In all cases, the physical change of sandstones was less than 5%. We anticipate that sandstones can potentially serve as a natural barrier for secondary nuclear waste repositories which are in need to endure high temperatures.
Phytoconstituent estimation and LC-MS studies of field grown Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal root extract in Jharkhand & Bihar
Authors: Mahto Harishankar , Mahato Dipa , Sharma Hanuman Prasad
Published: June 2022

Background: Plants in either raw form or their root extract constituents utilized as complementary and alternative medicine in various disorders. The present study was undertaken for phytoconstituents estimation and to evaluate chemical compositions of methanolic extract of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) roots collected from BAU, Ranchi, Jharkhand and Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar. Methods: Phytochemicals viz. crude methanolic extract analyzed in Ashwagandha roots. Alcoholic extract were prepared using Soxhlet extraction apparatus. On phytochemical evaluation, total phenolic, flavonoid, total tannin and alkaloids were estimated using their respective methods. Presences of bioactive components in extract were determined by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrophometry (ESI positive ion) technique. Results: Qualitative screening of extract ensured the presence of alkaloids, phenols, tannins and flavonoids. Quantitatively these phytochemicals showed TPC (66.06 mg/gm), TFC (650.0 mg/gm), TAC (102 mg/gm) and TTC (5.89 mg/gm). However, the phytochemicals and yield did not accumulate in various fractions on polarity. This result was supported by LC-MS analysis which showed 17 definite peaks in their chromatogram but only 8 peaks offer a suitable approximation. Extract revealed forty five bioactive compounds where most of them were withanolides, phenolic compounds, aryl propionic acid and cinnamide derivatives. Conclusion: Quantitative analysis of present phytochemical showed maximum quantity of TFC followed by TAC, TPC and TTC. In other hand, presence of various bioactive compounds in root extract showed plant contains very high medicinal value.
Reconstruction, oversewing, or taking the anastomosis down – which surgical intervention is most potent in the treatment of anastomotic leaks following colorectal resections?
Authors: El-Ahmar Mohamad , Koch Franziska , Ristig Matthias , Ritz Jörg-Peter
Published: June 2022

Purpose:Anastomotic leak (AL) following colorectal resections can be treated interventionally. However, most cases require surgical intervention. Thus, several surgical techniques are available, which intend to affect the further course positively. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to determine which surgical technique proves to have the biggest potential in reducing the morbidity and mortality as well as to minimize the need of re-interventions after AL. Methods:All patients with a history of AL following colorectal resection between 2008 and 2020 were analyzed. Patient’s outcomes following surgical treatment of AL, including morbidity and mortality, clinical and para-clinical (laboratory examinations, ultrasound, and CT-scan) detection of AL recurrence, re-intervention rate, and the length of hospital stay were documented and correlated with the surgical technique used (e.g. simply over-sewing the AL, over-sewing the AL with the construction of a protective ileostomy, resection and reconstruction of the anastomosis, peritoneal lavage and transanal drainage, or taking the anastomosis down and constructing an end stoma).Results:A total of 2,656 colorectal resections were documented. AL occurred in 92 (4.4% AL occurrence-rate) and 31 (5.4% AL occurrence-rate) cases following colon and rectal resections, respectively. The anastomosis was not preservable in 52 and 17 cases following colon and rectal resections, respectively. Therefore, the anastomosis had been taken down and an end-stoma had been constructed. Over-sewing the AL with the construction of a protective ileostomy had the highest anastomosis preservation rate (14 of 18 cases) and lowest re-intervention rate (mean value of 1.5 re-interventions) following colon and rectal resections (7 of 9 cases; mean value, 1.5 re-interventions).Conclusion:In cases where an AL is preservable, over-sewing the anastomosis and constructing a protective ileostomy has the greatest potential for positive short-term outcomes following colorectal resections.
Neuroinflammation In Parkinson’s Disease: A Study With [11C]PBR28 PET And Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers
Authors: Al-Abdulrasul Haidar , Ajalin Riikka , Tuisku Jouni , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Vahlberg Tero , Ekblad Laura , Helin Semi , Forsback Sarita , Rinne Juha , Brück Anna
Published: June 2022

Purpose
To investigate neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease (PD) with [11C]PBR28 positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, and the relationship to dopaminergic functioning measured with 6-[18F]-fluoro-L-dopa ([18F]FDOPA) PET.
Methods
The clinical cohort consisted of 20 patients with PD and 51 healthy controls (HC). All HC and 15 PD participants underwent [11C]PBR28 High Resolution Research Tomograph (HRRT) PET examination for the quantitative assessment of cerebral binding to the translocator protein (TSPO), a neuroinflammation marker. CSF samples were available from 17 patients with PD and 21 HC and were examined for soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), chitinase 3-like 1 protein (YKL-40), neurogranin (NG), alpha-synuclein (aSyn) and oligo-alpha-synuclein. All patients with PD underwent [18F]FDOPA HRRT PET examination.
Results
Subjects with PD and HC did not differ in the total volume of distribution (VT) of [11C]PBR28 in any studied brain regions. In the CSF analyses, higher levels of sTREM2 and NG were associated with more severe motor symptoms evaluated by The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor part (UPDRS-III) (p = 0.041 and p = 0.016 respectively). Additionally, in the PD group increased VT in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra (SN) were related to higher levels of YKL-40 (p < 0.01). No significant correlations were found between [11C]PBR28 VT and [18F]FDOPA uptake or between [11C]PBR28 VT and UPDRS-III in any studied region. No significant correlations were observed between the CSF markers and [18F]FDOPA uptake in the SN or the striatum. No significant correlations were found between [11C]PBR28 VT and aSyn, oligo-aSyn or their ratio.
Conclusion
Associations between CSF biomarkers, motor disability and [11C]PBR28 VT in the striatum and SN may support a role for neuroinflammation in PD.
Cost-Effectiveness of Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in Acute Coronary Syndrome in Iran
Authors: Hashemi-Meshkini Amir , koochak Reza , Ayati Nayyereh , Nikfar Shekoufeh , Ghadimi Nashmil , Rezaee-Darzi Ehsan , Yaghoubifard Saeed , Abbasi Azam , Varmaghani Mehdi
Published: June 2022

Background
Clopidogrel is a P2Y12 platelet antagonist commonly used for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, higher risk of vascular ischemic complications and hypo-responsiveness of some patients to its therapeutic effects limits its use. Ticagrelor, a newer option with a better efficacy and safety profile, was approved by US FDA in 2011 and it was launched in Iran 3 years ago, however it is not included in Iran reimbursement coverage lists yet. This study aimed to determine the cost- effectiveness of ticagrelor in comparison with clopidogrel in Iranian ACS patients.
Methods
A one-year decision tree model combined with a 20-year Markov transition model was used to stimulate long-term cost and effectiveness of both ticagrelor and clopidogrel in Iran based on an Iranian payer perspective. The clinical efficacy data were extracted from PLATO trial and other published studies. Costs were estimated based on local costs in public sectors. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were used to test robustness of base case results over uncertainties of model inputs.
Results
Compared with the clopidogrel, treatment of Iranian ACS patients with ticagrelor for 20 years resulted in an additional cost of 2.39 USD $ in hypothetical cohort of 1000 patient. On the other hand, ticagrelor led to 7.2 QALY gain per 1000 hypothetical patients. Accordingly, the estimated incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) for this analysis was 332.032 USD $ per one QALY gained.
Conclusion
Ticagrelor was a cost-effective antiplatelet medicine compared with clopidogrel in Iranian patients with ACS.
Trial Registration:
Not applicable
Induction of Type 3 Diabetes mellitus by the Administration of Smaller Doses of Aluminium Chloride to the STZ Pretreated Rats
Authors: Ahlawat Abhilasha , Walia Vaibhav , Garg Munish
Published: June 2022

The present study is designed to develop Type-3 diabetes mellitus characterized by insulin resistance, mainly at the brain level. The experimental rats in group-1: received vehicle (5 ml/kg, i.p.) for 28 days, group-2-4: received aluminium chloride (AlCl3) (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 28 days, group-5: received single dose of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.p.), and group-6-8: received STZ and AlCl3 (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, i.p. daily for 28 days) from the third day of STZ administration. The behavioral analysis was initiated on the 29th day, estimating locomotor activity using an open field test, learning and memory-related functions using elevated plus maze (EPM) and morris water maze (MWM) tests. Afterwards, the rats were sacrificed, and brain and blood were collected for whole-brain neurochemical and plasma biochemical assays, including glucose, insulin, nitrite, MDA and amyloid-beta levels. The brain tissues were sectioned, followed by H&E and congo red staining for histopathological examination. The results obtained demonstrated that the STZ pretreatment and AlCl3 (12.5 mg/kg) treatment significantly impaired the cognition in EPM and MWM. Also, the STZ pretreatment and AlCl3 (12.5 mg/kg) treatment significantly increased the brain glucose levels, brain insulin levels, lipid peroxidation and amyloid levels, suggesting the development of hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and amyloid pathology. Further, STZ pretreatment and AlCl3 (12.5 mg/kg) treated rats produced the marked degenerated neurons, neuronal loss, and the marked deposition of amyloid fibrils suggesting the development of neurodegenerative changes. In conclusion, the present findings suggested that administering low doses of AlCl3 to the STZ pretreated experimental rats results in the development of marked hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, cognitive impairment, amyloid-beta deposition, and neuronal degeneration, reflects the features of Type-3 diabetes mellitus (T3DM).
Plasma arc generated vapour cloud from nail penetration of lithium-ion modules?
Authors: Christensen Paul , Dickman N. A. , Lambert S. M. , Mrozik W. , Wise M. S. , McDonald J. , Restuccia F. , Lambert P.
Published: June 2022

The pre-ignition stage following nail penetration of 1.67 kWh NMC(532) pouch cell modules at State-of-Charge ≤ 40% is associated with temperatures too low for combustion or pyrolysis (< 40°C), yet large volumes of a vapour cloud are produced. The vapour cloud is associated directly with a blue emission and it is suggested that this emission is due to the nitrogen in a plasma arc. Plasmas are increasingly associated with highly novel chemical processes.
A New Approach to Neutrosophic Soft Rough Sets]{A New Approach to Neutrosophic Soft Rough Sets
Authors: Yolcu Adem , Benek Aysun , Öztürk Taha Yasin
Published: June 2022

Rough set is a world-renowned innovation for dealing with ambiguous,incomplete, and imprecise situations. Soft set theory and neutrosophic settheory are other advanced mathematical techniques for dealing withambiguous, partial, and inconsistent data. The aim of this paper is tobroaden the scope of rough set theory, soft set theory, and neutrosophic settheory. The notion of neutrosophic soft rough sets have been re-introduced.On neutrosophic soft rough set, several definitions, properties, andexamples have been established. We also develop the concept of neutrosophicsoft rough topology, which is based on a novel neutrosophic soft rough setapproach. We have defined open sets, closed sets, interior, and closure ascharacteristics of neutrosophic soft rough topology.
A Deep Neural Network for Parametric Image Reconstruction on A Large-Axial Field of View PET
Authors: Li Yingying , Hu Jiaxi , Sari Hasan , Xue Song , Ma Ruiyao , Kandarpa Saisundar , Visvikis Dimitris , Rominger Axel , Liu Huafeng , Shi Kuangyu
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The long axial field-of-view (AFOV) PET scanners with ultra-high sensitivity provide new opportunities for enhanced parametric imaging but suffer from the dramatically increased volume and complexity of dynamic data. This study reconstructed a high-quality direct Patlak Ki image from five frames sinograms without input function by a deep learning framework based on DeepPET to explore the potential of artificial intelligence reducing the acquisition time and the dependence of input function in parametric imaging.Methods: This study is implemented on a large AFOV PET/CT scanner (Biograph Vision Quadra) and twenty patients were recruited with 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) dynamic scans. During training and testing of the proposed deep learning framework, the last five frames (25 min, 40-65 min post-injection) sinograms were set as input and the reconstructed Patlak Ki images by a nested EM algorithm on the vendor were set as ground truth. To evaluate the image quality of predicted Ki images, mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) were calculated. Meanwhile, a linear regression process was applied between predicted and true Ki means on avid malignant lesions and tumor volume of interests (VOIs).Results: In testing phase, the proposed method achieved excellent MSE of less than 0.003, high SSIM, and PSNR of ~0.98 and ~38 dB, respectively. Moreover, there had a high correlation (DeepPET: = 0.7525, self-attention DeepPET: =0.8382) between predicted Ki and traditionally reconstructed Patlak Ki means over eleven lesions.Conclusions: The results show that the deep learning based method produced high-quality parametric images from small frames of projection data without input function. It has much potential to address the dilemma that the long scan time and dependency on input function that still hampers the clinical translation of dynamic PET.
Whole-slide cytometric feature mapping for distinguishing tumor genomic subtypes in HNSCC whole slide images
Authors: Blocker Stephanie , Morrison Samantha , Everitt Jeffrey , Cook James , Luo Sheng , Watts Tammara , Mowery Yvonne
Published: June 2022

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogenous disease where, in advanced stages, clinical and pathological stages do not correlate with outcome. Molecular and genomic biomarkers for HNSCC classification have shown promise for prognostic and therapeutic applications. In this study, we utilize automated image analysis techniques in whole slide images of HNSCC tumors to identify relationships between cytometric features and genomic phenotypes. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of HNSCC tumors (N = 49) were obtained from the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA), along with accompanying clinical, pathological, genomic, and proteomic reports. Automated nuclear detection was performed across the entirety of slides, and cytometric feature maps were generated. Forty-one cytometric features were evaluated for associations with tumor grade, tumor stage, tumor subsite, and integrated genomic subtype (IGS). Thirty-two features demonstrated significant association with IGS when corrected for multiple comparisons. In particular, the basal subtype was visually distinguishable from the chromosomal instability and immune subtypes based on cytometric feature measurements. No features were significantly associated with tumor grade, stage, or subsite. This study provides preliminary evidence that features derived from tissue pathology slides could provide insights into genomic phenotypes of HNSCC.
Underfive Mortality and Associated Factors among Children Born from 15-49 Years Old Mothers in Haramaya Town, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Demena Melake , Teklemariam Zelalem , Desalew Assefa , Assefa Nega
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUNDGlobally, since 2000, a decline in the underfive mortality rate has been recorded, indicating that over 50 million children’s lives have been saved. More than 80 countries globally, specifically 69 developing nations, have reduced the underfive mortality by half since 2000. In the eastern part of Ethiopia, evidence from the Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System in the Kersa district of East Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region, suggested a decline in the underfive mortality rate from 131.8 per 1000 live births in 2008 to 77.4 per 1000 live births in 2013. The death rates still remain far from the Sustainable Development Goals’ target reduction to 25 or less per 1000 live births by 2030. However, the magnitude and determinants of underfive mortalities have not been studied in Haramaya town.OBJECTIVETo assess the underfive mortality rate and its associated factors among children born from 7th August 2015 to 6th August 2020 in Haramaya town, east Ethiopia, by 7th–31st August 2020.METHODOLOGYA quantitative cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 391 pairs of 15- to 49-year-old mothers and their live-born underfive children selected using a systematic random sampling technique from Haramaya town to compare child mortality between the <=24 and >=25 mother’s age groups. Data were collected using an interview-based questionnaire, double entered into EpiData 3.1, and then exported to the statistical package for social sciences program version 20.0 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis (p value <0.20) was performed to examine the crude association of predictors with underfive mortality, and then multiple logistic regression analysis (p value <0.05) was performed to measure the statistical association.RESULTSThe deaths of 28 out of 372 live births resulted in an underfive mortality rate of 75 per 1000 live births. Children born in households with fewer than 6 members had 7. 98 times higher odds of dying than those born in households with at least 6 members (AOR =7.98, 95% CI =1.59-40.17). Those children who did not feed colostrum were associated with a 17.45 times increased risk of underfive deaths compared to colostrum-fed children (AOR =17.45, 95% CI =6.54-46.55).CONCLUSIONThe study suggests that 75 per 1000 live births die before celebrating their fifth birth day. Household size and colostrum feeding are significantly associated factors.RECOMMENDATIONAll concerned should inform the mothers of the role of identified factors such as household size and colostrum feeding in child survival.