bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Meta-Analysis of the Effects of OLIF and TLIF in Lumbar Spondylolisthesis Central Nerve Injury
Authors: Yang Wanliang , Pan Xin , Wang Yibo , Chen Wenhao
Published: May 2022

Objective. The main objective is to explore the efficacy of oblique anterior lumbar fusion (OLIF) and transforaminal lumbar fusion (TLIF) in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis central nerve injury. Methods. The perioperative indexes, pain score (VAS), Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI), vertebral slip degree, slip angle, intervertebral space height, and quality of life score of the two groups were compared by meta-analysis. Results. According to the observation indexes, the perioperative indexes of patients in the OLIF group were better than those in the TLIF group, which showed that the effect of OLIF treatment was better than of TLIF. The pain score and ODI score of the two groups can be obtained. The one-week postoperative pain degree and ODI of patients in the OLIF group are lower than those in the TLIF group, indicating that OLIF treatment will reduce the pain of patients to a greater extent and is more conducive to the recovery of patients. There was no significant difference in vertebral slip, slip angle, and intervertebral space height between the OLIF group and TLIF group. After treatment, the quality-of-life scores of patients in the OLIF group were significantly higher than those in the TLIF group. Conclusion. The treatment of lumbar fusion through OLIF has irreplaceable perioperative advantages of TLIF, such as less bleeding, shorter operation time, less drainage and shorter hospital stay, less postoperative complications, less surgical wound, indirect decompression, no destruction of lumbar posterior stable structure, and maximum preservation of tissue structure. It has the advantages of reducing the intraoperative dural sac injury and nerve root traction injury and shortening the rehabilitation time of patients. It has the prospect of clinical application and can be popularized.
Privacy-Preserving KNN Classification Algorithm for Smart Grid
Authors: Song Zhuhuan , Ren Yanli , He Gang
Published: May 2022

With the development of Internet of Things (IOT), outsourcing data and tasks to a cloud server has become a popular and economical way for small devices with restricted ability. The k-nearest neighbors (KNNs) classification algorithm have been commonly applied to medical image classification, abnormal detection, defective product identification, and so on. The previous privacy-preserving KNN algorithms are based on two cloud servers, which have high computational and communication costs. In this paper, we design a privacy-preserving KNN classification (PPKC) algorithm with single cloud server for smart grid. Specifically, each smart meter and control center encrypted their data with Paillier cryptosystem and the cloud server does some calculation on the encrypted data. We prove that PPKC can protect the privacy of both smart meters and control centers, and the classification results are also private for the server. Besides, both smart meters and control centers can stay offline after uploading their data. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed PPKC algorithm is more efficient than the previous algorithms and it can obtain almost the same accuracy as the original KNN, which means the PPKC algorithm is more applicable for small devices in IOT.
A Deep Learning-Based User Selection Scheme for Cooperative NOMA System with Imperfect CSI
Authors: Yin Zhiyuan , Chen Jin , Li Guoxin , Wang Haichao , He Wenhui , Ni Yan
Published: May 2022

This paper studies the user selection problem for a cooperative nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system consisting of a base station, a far user, and

N

near users. The selected near user receives its own message and assists the far user by relaying the far user’s message. Firstly, we propose a user selection strategy to maximize the selected near user’s data rate while satisfying the quality-of-service (QoS) requirement of the far user. Considering that the channel state information (CSI) of users in actual communication is usually imperfect, we then analyze the outage probability of the NOMA system based on the user selection strategy under imperfect CSI and obtain a closed-form expression. The theoretical analysis shows that the diversity order of the NOMA system under imperfect CSI is 0, which means the multiuser diversity order disappears. In order to improve the impact of imperfect CSI on system performance, we use the deep learning method to identify and classify channels of imperfect CSI and improve the accuracy of CSI. The simulation results show that the theoretical analysis of outage performance is consistent with the numerical results. Compared with the strategy without the deep learning method, the proposed deep learning-based user selection scheme significantly improves the system performance. Furthermore, we verify that our scheme recovers the diversity gain.
Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Performance of Gambogic Acid-Layered Double Hydroxide/Liposome Nanocomposites
Authors: Han Xiaoyan , Liu Qi , Zhao Rou , Wang Shan , Zhang Yi
Published: May 2022

Gambogic acid (GA) refers to a xanthonoid that exhibits significant antitumor activity due to its poor solubility and low bioavailability. For this reason, its shortcoming should be overcome using novel approaches to improve its practical effectiveness. In this study, with the use of ion exchange method, GA was encapsulated in layered double hydroxide (LDH). In the GA-LDH nanohybrid, GA was distributed and stabilized in the interlamellar region of LDH through intermolecular interactions. GA-LDH was further modified by liposome (LS) through ethanol injection method. The drug encapsulation efficiency of GA-LDH/LS was obtained as 56.28%. The chemical structures and physicochemical properties exhibited by GA-LDH/LS were characterized and confirmed using different instruments, and drug release showed that GA-LDH/LS had significantly sustained release due to the combined effect of the matrix LDH and the phospholipid bilayer. Furthermore, GA-LDH/LS displayed lower hemolysis percentage than GA-LDH during the hemolysis test. This study suggested that GA-LDH/LS nanocomposite could be a promising antitumor drug delivery system due to its outstanding performance in biomedical research.
Morphological Structural Element Optimization for Automatic Line Characterization of Ink Drawings
Authors: Ma Caixia
Published: May 2022

As a traditional Chinese art, the tools of Chinese ink painting are mainly brushes, ink, and rice paper and ink stone. As an important form of ink painting, ink landscape painting consists of ink lines that first outline the overall trend of the mountain and then complete the basic process of painting with rich chapping techniques. The article proposes a process to draw water animation based on Chinese painting style; this method first perceives the position of water form in Chinese painting and enhances it by morphological structural elements used to automatically draw the line feature analysis of ink painting; next, the image rendering technique is used to render the water form, firstly using BF for noise removal processing and then gradienting by Canny edge detection operator to get the gradient amplitude. Next, morphological optimization is applied, and finally the image is visualized. In the process of morphological optimization, the optimal parameters of the structural elements are found through the threshold segmentation number, and the rendering algorithm for ink-based landscape painting is explored in depth, starting from the ink lines. The results reveal that the method is more accurate than typical marker-watershed algorithm segmentation, and that changing different structural elements and their parameters has a bigger impact on the ink painting drawing effect.
Adaptive Event‐Triggered Control for Complex Dynamical Network with Random Coupling Delay under Stochastic Deception Attacks
Authors: Mubeen Tajudeen M. , Ali M. Syed , Kauser Syeda Asma , Subkrajang Khanyaluck , Jirawattanapanit Anuwat , Rajchakit Grienggrai
Published: May 2022

This study concentrates on adaptive event‐triggered control of complex dynamical networks with unpredictable coupling delays and stochastic deception attacks. The adaptive event‐triggered mechanism is used to avoid the wasting of limited bandwidth. The probability of data communicated by the network is established by statistical properties and Bernoulli stochastic variables with an uncertain occurrence probability. Stability analysis based on Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) and the stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed. Using the LMI technique, we obtain triggered parameters. To demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of the suggested methodology, two examples are shown.
Crosstalk between ILC2s and Th2 CD4+ T Cells in Lung Disease
Authors: Mi Lan-lan , Guo Wei-wei
Published: May 2022

Cytokine secretion, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and amphiregulin (Areg), by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) is indispensable for homeostasis, remodeling/repairing tissue structure, inflammation, and tumor immunity. Often viewed as the innate cell surrogate of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, ILC2s not only secrete the same type 2 cytokines, but are also inextricably related to CD4+T cells in terms of cell origin and regulatory factors, bridging between innate and adaptive immunity. ILC2s interact with CD4+T cells to play a leading role in a variety of diseases through secretory factors. Here, we review the latest progress on ILC2s and CD4+T cells in the lung, the close relationship between the two, and their relevance in the lung disease and immunity. This literature review aids future research in pulmonary type 2 immune diseases and guides innovative treatment approaches for these diseases.
Bernstein Collocation Method for Solving MHD Jeffery–Hamel Blood Flow Problem with Error Estimations
Authors: Bataineh Ahmad Sami , Isik Osman Rasit , Hashim Ishak
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the Bernstein collocation method (BCM) is used for the first time to solve the nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Jeffery–Hamel arterial blood flow issue. The flow model described by nonlinear partial differential equations is first transformed to a third-order one-dimensional equation. By using the Bernstein collocation method, the problem is transformed into a nonlinear system of algebraic equations. The residual correction procedure is used to estimate the error; it is simple to use and can be used even when the exact solution is unknown. In addition, the corrected Bernstein solution can be found. As a consequence, the solution is estimated using a numerical approach based on Bernstein polynomials, and the findings are verified by the 4th-order Runge–Kutta results. Comparison with the homotopy perturbation method shows that the present method gives much higher accuracy. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method were supported by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 95% of confidence on interval error. Finally, the results revealed that the MHD Jeffery–Hamel flow is directly proportional to the product of the angle between the plates

α

and Reynolds number

Re

.
Mechanical Cues Regulate Histone Modifications and Cell Behavior
Authors: Hu Buwei , Zhou Dandan , Wang Haoming , Hu Ning , Zhao Weikang
Published: May 2022

Change of biophysical factors in tissue microenvironment is an important step in a chronic disease development process. A mechanical and biochemical factor from cell living microniche can regulate cell epigenetic decoration and, therefore, further induce change of gene expression. In this review, we will emphasize the mechanism that biophysical microenvironment manipulates cell behavior including gene expression and protein decoration, through modifying histone amino acid residue modification. The influence given by different mechanical forces, including mechanical stretch, substrate surface stiffness, and shear stress, on cell fate and behavior during chronic disease development including tumorigenesis will also be teased out. Overall, the recent work summarized in this review culminates on the hypothesis that a mechanical factor stimulates the modification on histone which could facilitate disease detection and potential therapeutic target.
Mitochondrial Micropeptide STMP1 Enhances Mitochondrial Fission to Promote Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Xie Chen , Wang Feng-Yi , Sang Ye , Chen Bin , Huang Jia-Hui , He Feng-Jun , Li Hui , Zhu Ying , Liu Xingguo , Zhuang Shi-Mei , Fang Jian-Hong
Published: May 2022

Micropeptides are a recently discovered class of molecules that play vital roles in various cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here, we sought to identify cancer-associated micropeptides and to uncover their mechanistic functions. A micropeptide named short transmembrane protein 1 (STMP1) that localizes at the inner mitochondrial membrane was identified to be upregulated in various cancer types and associated with metastasis and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Both gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that STMP1 increased dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) activation to promote mitochondrial fission and enhanced migration of tumor cells. STMP1 silencing inhibited in vivo tumor metastasis in xenograft mouse models. Overexpression of STMP1 led to redistribution of mitochondria to the leading edge of cells and enhanced lamellipodia formation. Treatment with a DRP1 inhibitor abrogated the promotive effect of STMP1 on mitochondrial fission, lamellipodia formation, and tumor cell migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, STMP1 interacted with myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), the subunit of nonmuscle myosin II, and silencing MYH9 abrogated STMP1-induced DRP1 activation, mitochondrial fission, and cell migration. Collectively, this study identifies STMP1 as a critical regulator of metastasis and a novel unit of the mitochondrial fission protein machinery, providing a potential therapeutic target for treating metastases.

Significance:

This study identifies the mitochondrial micropeptide STMP1 as a regulator of metastasis that promotes mitochondrial fission and tumor cell migration via DRP1 and MYH9.
Revival and Recharacterization of a Preclinical Model of Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancer to Study Immunotherapy
Authors: Roussos Torres Evanthia T.
Published: May 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have yet to significantly improve outcomes for hormone-dependent estrogen/progesterone receptor–positive breast cancer. To address this issue, there is a need for murine models that more closely mimic hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. In this issue, Gil Del Alcazar and colleagues provide an in-depth characterization of a Nitroso-N-methylurea–induced mammary tumor model in outbred Sprague-Dawley rats that meets these needs as it mimics the heterogeneity for mutational profiles, estrogen receptor expression, and immune evasive mechanisms observed in human breast cancer.

See related article by Gil Del Alcazar et al., p. 680 (1).
Associations of Long-Term Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability With Subclinical Kidney Damage and Albuminuria in Adulthood: a 30-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhao Peng , Chu Chao , Du Ming-Fei , Zhang Xiao-Yu , Zou Ting , Hu Gui-Lin , Zhou Hao-Wei , Jia Hao , Liao Yue-Yuan , Chen Chen , Ma Qiong , Wang Dan , Yan Yu , Sun Yue , Wang Ke-Ke , Niu Ze-Jiaxin , Zhang Xi , Man Zi-Yue , Wu Yong-Xing , Wang Lan , Li Hui-Xian , Zhang Jie , Li Chun-Hua , Gao Wei-Hua , Gao Ke , Lu Wan-Hong , Desir Gary V. , Delles Christian , Chen Fang-Yao , Mu Jian-Jun
Published: May 2022

Background:

Recent evidence indicates that long-term visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) may be associated with risk of cardiovascular disease. We, therefore, aimed to determine the potential associations of long-term BPV from childhood to middle age with subclinical kidney damage (SKD) and albuminuria in adulthood.

Methods:

Using data from the ongoing cohort of Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension study, which recruited children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years at baseline, we assessed BPV by SD and average real variability (ARV) for 30 years (6 visits). Presence of SKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate between 30 and 60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
or elevated urinary albumin-to creatinine ratio at least 30 mg/g. Albuminuria was defined as urinary albumin-to creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g.

Results:

During 30 years of follow-up, of the 1771 participants, 204 SKD events occurred. After adjustment for demographic, clinical characteristics, and mean BP during 30 years, higher SD
SBP
, ARV
SBP
, SD
DBP
, ARV
DBP
, SD
MAP
, ARV
MAP
, and ARV
PP
were significantly associated with higher risk of SKD. When we used cumulative exposure to BP from childhood to adulthood instead of mean BP as adjustment factors, results were similar. In addition, greater long-term BPV was also associated with the risk of albuminuria. Long-term BPV from childhood to middle age was associated with higher risk of SKD and albuminuria in adulthood, independent of mean BP or cumulative exposure to BP during follow-up.

Conclusions:

Identifying long-term BPV from early age may assist in predicting kidney disease and cardiovascular disease in later life.
Remnant Cholesterol Variability and Incident Ischemic Stroke in the General Population
Authors: Li Weijian , Huang Zegui , Fang Wei , Wang Xianxuan , Cai Zefeng , Chen Guanzhi , Wu Weiqiang , Chen Zhichao , Wu Shouling , Chen Youren
Published: May 2022

Background:

Studies have demonstrated that remnant cholesterol is correlated with the risk of ischemic stroke. However, it is unknown whether visit-to-visit variability in remnant cholesterol concentration affects ischemic stroke. We sought to examine the role of remnant cholesterol variability in the subsequent development of ischemic stroke in the general population.

Methods:

We performed a post hoc analysis including eligible participants from the Kailuan Study cohort who underwent 3 health examinations and were free of atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer, or known lipid-medication use from 2006 to 2010. Participants were followed up until the end of 2017. Variability was quantified as variability independent of the mean, average real variability, and SD. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Fine and Gray competing risk model to estimate subhazard ratios assuming death as a competing risk.

Results:

The final study cohort comprised 38 556 participants. After a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 1058 individuals were newly diagnosed with ischemic stroke. After adjusting for age (time scale), sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, family history of cardiovascular disease, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and mean remnant cholesterol, the highest quartile (quartile 4) of variability independent of the mean of remnant cholesterol was associated with an increased ischemic stroke risk compared with the lowest quartile (quartile 1), (subhazard ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.06–1.53]). For each 1-SD increase in variability independent of the mean of remnant cholesterol, the risk increased by 9% (subhazard ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.03–1.16]). The association was also significant using average real variability and SD as indices of variability.

Conclusions:

Greater remnant cholesterol variability was associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke in the general population.
Perspective: The Case for Acute Large Vessel Ischemic Stroke in COVID-19 Originating Within Thrombosed Pulmonary Venules
Authors: Meaney James F.M. , O’Donnell James S. , Bridgewood Charles , Harbison Joseph , McGonagle Dennis
Published: May 2022

The main burden of SARS-CoV-2 falls on the lungs but neurological manifestations, the most disabling of which are strokes and which correlate with disease severity, are common. We proffer a novel mechanism for acute COVID-19 stroke whereby pulmonary vein clots developing within the characteristic pulmonary intravascular thrombotic lesions can embolize to the brain. Appreciation of this mechanism requires an understanding of the tricompartmental model of lung parenchyma oxygenation (the alveolus, the bronchial artery, and the pulmonary artery), all of which are compromised in COVID-19. Of these 3 sources, the bronchial artery plays a crucial role in COVID-19 stroke because the unique collaterals from bronchial artery to pulmonary vein which exist under normal physiological conditions (and which maintain venous patency when the pulmonary artery is blocked by embolus) are occluded, thus leading to venular thrombosis in the presence of hypercoagulability. Dislodgement of clots from this source translocates the pathology to the brain and is a disease mechanism, formerly rare, which may account for many cases of large vessel occlusion stroke in COVID-19. This mechanism extends the concept of cardioembolic stroke from endocardium retrogradely into the pulmonary circulation with which the left cardiac chambers lie in direct continuity, and which is an accepted stroke mechanism under other circumstances such as lung lobectomy, where surgical ligation of the pulmonary vein creates a blind sac from which thrombi can embolize. The proposed model is supported by postmortem studies which have demonstrated venular thrombosis and by case reports of pulmonary vein thrombosis in COVID-19. This concept provides a more plausible cause for COVID-19 associated large vessel occlusion stroke than other putative mechanisms, such as cerebral endotheliitis, cytokine storm, and hypercoagulopathy, although it is acknowledged that the latter mechanism contributes to the genesis of pulmonary vein clots. Recognizing that extrapulmonary manifestations including stroke arise within thrombosed pulmonary veins is key to understanding of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Fragility Index Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Shows Highly Robust Evidential Strength for Benefit of <3 Hour Intravenous Alteplase
Authors: Mun Katherine T. , Bonomo Jordan B. , Liebeskind David S. , Saver Jeffrey L.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Cumulative fragility index (FI) analysis enables quantification of the evidential strength of intravenous alteplase’s core indication—treatment of disabling acute ischemic stroke within 3 hours of onset.

Methods:

Meta-analyses were performed (study level) or identified (individual participant level) for freedom-from-disability (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0–1, primary efficacy), functional independence (mRS score 0–2, secondary efficacy), and mortality outcomes. Individual trial and cumulative FI analyses were serially conducted after each successive randomized controlled trial (RCT). FI scores were classified as follows: not robust (FI 0–4), somewhat robust (FI 5–12), robust (FI 13–33), and highly robust (FI >33).

Results:

Nine randomized controlled trials were identified from 1995 to 2021 of within-3-hour intravenous alteplase for acute ischemic stroke. In study-level meta-analyses, alteplase increased freedom-from-disability outcome (mRS score 0–1), 31.0% versus 22.3%, relative risk, 1.39 (95% CI, 1.20–1.61);
P
<0.00001; increased functional independence (mRS score 0–2), 39.7% versus 31.2%, relative risk, 1.29 (95% CI, 1.14–1.45),
P
<0.000; and did not alter mortality, 24.1% versus 26.1%;
P
=0.23. Overall FIs for study-level meta-analyses were both highly robust at 42 and 40 for mRS score 0–1 and mRS score 0–2, respectively. Serial FI analyses showed robust evidential strength for intravenous alteplase superiority with publication of the 2 NINDS-tPA trials (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke–tissue-type plasminogen activator) in 1995, increased to highly robust in 2012, and remains highly robust in 2021.

Conclusions:

Within-3-hour intravenous alteplase for acute ischemic stroke is one of the most robustly proven therapies in medicine. The initial concurrent trials 25 years ago showed robust evidence for benefit and, after additional studies, advanced to highly robust.
Forecasting brain activity based on models of spatiotemporal brain dynamics: A comparison of graph neural network architectures
Authors: Wein S. , Schüller A. , Tomé A. M. , Malloni W. M. , Greenlee M. W. , Lang E. W.
Published: May 2022

Comprehending the interplay between spatial and temporal characteristics of neural dynamics can contribute to our understanding of information processing in the human brain. Graph neural networks (GNNs) provide a new possibility to interpret graph-structured signals like those observed in complex brain networks. In our study we compare different spatiotemporal GNN architectures and study their ability to model neural activity distributions obtained in functional MRI (fMRI) studies. We evaluate the performance of the GNN models on a variety of scenarios in MRI studies and also compare it to a VAR model, which is currently often used for directed functional connectivity analysis. We show that by learning localized functional interactions on the anatomical substrate, GNN-based approaches are able to robustly scale to large network studies, even when available data are scarce. By including anatomical connectivity as the physical substrate for information propagation, such GNNs also provide a multimodal perspective on directed connectivity analysis, offering a novel possibility to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics in brain networks.
The genus Drymeia Meigen in the Caucasus Mountains, with a note on the identity of Aspilia glacialis Rondani, 1866 (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: PONT ADRIAN C.
Published: May 2022

The genus Drymeia Meigen, 1826 in the Caucasus Mountains is reviewed. A key is given for the six species, two of which are newly described: Drymeia fratercula sp. nov. and Drymeia sororcula sp. nov. The holotype of Aspilia glacialis Rondani, 1866 has been studied and this name is an older name for Drymeia alpicola (Rondani, 1871).
The Qualitative Power of a Crowd: Trump’s Rallies, Public Opinion, Attention Economy
Authors: Jarvis Sharon E. , Park-Ozee Dakota
Published: May 2022

Journalists, pundits, and pollsters critiqued President Donald J. Trump’s fixation on his crowds—often suggesting they were smaller than he boasted or meaningless in connection to electoral or legislative outcomes. This project takes a qualitative rather than a quantitative stance to interpreting the meaning of Trump’s crowds. In doing so, we find messages presented his rallies as (1) engaging multiple audiences, (2) eliciting feedback from his base to sharpen his talking points, and (3) enraging his devotees to act on his behalf. These types of communications did two things that traditional polling data are unlikely to do: they garnered attention and vast recirculation in the contemporary media environment and have been linked to the insurrection of the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021. This article draws from scholarship on Trump, news coverage, and social media posts to advance these themes, invites a more nuanced look at crowds as a complement to traditional understandings of public opinion, and closes by posing paths for future discussions of them.
New England Town Meeting and the Cultivation of Deliberative Play
Authors: Townsend Rebecca M. , Milburn Trudy
Published: May 2022

Participants of New England town meeting must follow protocols to participate in this direct democratic process. Over the past 200 years, the protocols have been enacted and adapted by participants in small towns across the region. Within annual meetings, one can find small breaches that could be interpreted as playful acts. In this paper, we use the comic frame as a theoretical lens to interpret instances of such play within the rhetorical deliberation of one New England town meeting. We analyze two instances where speakers playfully use recognized parts of town meeting to achieve their rhetorical ends. We conclude with a discussion of the way play can help accomplish identification in public discourse.
Deliberative Play
Authors: Craig Robert T.
Published: May 2022

This article introduces a special issue of the American Behavioral Scientist in which scholars of public deliberation address the theme of “Deliberative Play” from different conceptual and empirical approaches. Here I introduce the concept of deliberative play against a background of philosophical accounts of deliberative action, the theory of metacommunication, and trends in the study of public deliberation that are endeavoring to reduce the gap between normative theories and the empirical realities of deliberative democratic practice. Articles in the special issue address several aspects of deliberative play: how storytelling activities accomplish deliberative play in online forums (Black, Wolfe, and Han); how facilitators can cue and maintain the deliberative play frame during facilitated deliberative discussions (Sprain); how playful exchanges are enabled by the structure of New England town meetings and what they accomplish (Townsend and Milburn); how alternative scenarios for action presented with pros and cons by expert consultants influence deliberative play in online discussions in Poland (Przybylska, Bucholc, and Mazur); and how online discussion interfaces would benefit from applying principles of game design (Gastil). The concluding section reflects on the results of these studies and their implications for further investigations of deliberative play.
Do Students With Specific Learning Disorders With Impairments in Reading Benefit From Linguistic Simplification of Test Items in Science?
Authors: Cruz Neri Nadine , Retelsdorf Jan
Published: May 2022

Previous research illustrated that reading comprehension and science performance correlate highly. Because students with specific learning disorders with impairments in reading (SLD-IR) show deficits in reading comprehension, they may struggle to perform in science. As language in science is characterized by linguistic complexity, the question arises whether students with SLD-IR can be supported by reducing linguistic complexity. The aim of this preregistered study was to investigate whether students with SLD-IR benefit more from linguistic simplification in science than their peers without SLD-IR. The sample consisted of 70 students (age, M = 12.67; 50% female) with n = 35 having SLD-IR. Applying a multilevel logistic regression model, we found neither a main effect of linguistic simplification nor an interaction effect (differential boost) on science performance. However, students with SLD-IR performed significantly lower in science. Implications include further investigation on how to support students with SLD-IR in their science performance.
Effect of weaving parameters on fiber structure of 3D woven preforms: A Micro-CT investigation
Authors: Yang Zhi , Jiao Yanan , Xie Junbo , Jiao Wei , Chen Li , Zhu Liping , Du Xuefei
Published: May 2022

The fiber structure of three-dimensional (3D) woven preform is generally complex due to the contact interactions and micro-scale deformations of the yarns during the weaving process. The present study explores the effect of weaving parameters on the fiber architecture of 3D woven preforms. Two groups of samples were prepared and observed using micro‐computed tomography (Micro-CT) technology. Semantic segmentation of Micro-CT images was conducted using deep learning algorithm to create explicit models of different yarn systems. Two novel indicators were proposed for quantifying the changes of weft yarn position and warp/binder yarn path. This work clarifies the micro-scale deformation mechanisms of 3D woven structures. The influence of weaving parameters including weft density and weaving structure on the geometric variations of fiber structures was analyzed. The connection between weaving parameters and unit cell variations was established within the scope of this study. The conclusions of this paper would be helpful for the design of preforms with stable fiber structure.
Crime Reporting in Chicago: A Comparison of Police and Victim Survey Data, 1999–2018
Authors: Rezey Maribeth L. , Lauritsen Janet L.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

A critical unknown in any jurisdiction is the scope of crime that is not brought to the attention of police. This study provides a unique comparison of Chicago crime rates using both police and victimization survey data. Levels of crime reporting and the reasons victims provide for or against reporting crime to the police are examined. Patterns are compared to those found for other large U.S. cities.

Methods

Data for Chicago residents from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) are used to estimate serious violence and burglary rates, levels of reporting to the police, and residents’ justifications for reporting or not reporting. Levels and trends in NCVS and Chicago Police Department rates of serious violence and burglary are compared.

Results

The NCVS data show that while Chicago residents typically experience higher rates of these crimes than residents of other large cities, they report these crimes to the police at mostly similar rates. Reasons for and against reporting these crimes to the police are generally similar to victims elsewhere.

Conclusions

Despite a documented history of distrust in the police, Chicago residents do not appear to have notably lower rates of reporting serious violence or burglary to the police than residents of other large cities.
Immigration and School Threat?: Exploring the Significance of the Border
Authors: Iwama Janice , Peguero Anthony A. , Marchbanks Miner P. “Trey” , Eason John M. , Blake Jamilia , Zhang Jienian
Published: May 2022

Objectives: The current study examines the relationship between immigration, school punishment, and place in schools near the U.S.-Mexico border using a racial threat framework. Given the consequences of the immigration-crime link and the growing perception of the U.S.-Mexico border as a crime-ridden place, this study explores how immigration within certain places may differentially impact outcomes of school punishment. Methods: Using Generalized Linear Modeling (GLM) with a logistic link function, we examine the relationship between immigration and school violence by probing variation in school punishment and juvenile justice referrals across Texas schools given their proximity to the U.S.-Mexico border. Results: First, we find that Texas schools located near the U.S.-Mexico border have lower juvenile justice and school discipline rates net other variables in comparison to Texas schools away from the border. Second, we observe a negative relationship between a rise in the immigrant student population and punishment in Texas schools far from the U.S.-Mexico border and no relationship in Texas schools near the U.S.-Mexico border net of other factors. Conclusion: The current study highlights that the local context, such as proximity to the U.S.-Mexico border, is significant when examining the racial threat perspective in school punishment and warrants further attention in future research.
Effect of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Self-Compassionate Behaviors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Uchida Taro , Takahashi Toru , Sugiyama Fukiko , Kikai Tomoki , Nitta Yusuke , Kumano Hiroaki
Published: May 2022

Self-compassion is regarded as a mediating or moderating variable in mindfulness-based interventions (MBI). However, few studies have investigated the role of self-compassion on MBI. Therefore, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine whether (1) MBI decreases depression and trait anxiety, while increasing trait mindfulness, trait self-compassion, self-compassionate behaviors (SC behaviors), mindful behaviors, and mood after behaviors; and (2) SC behaviors moderate the effect of mindful behaviors on mood in daily life. Participants were patients with depression and/or anxiety ( N=19) in Japan. Of the 27 participants recruited, 19 participated in the study. Using stratified randomization, we allocated 10 participants to the intervention group, with an 8-week standard MBI, and nine to the waitlist control group. Depression, trait anxiety, trait mindfulness, and trait self-compassion were assessed using questionnaires, while SC behaviors, mindful behaviors, and mood were measured using an ecological momentary assessment—a method used to repeatedly record events and behaviors in daily life. The results revealed that depression, trait anxiety, trait mindfulness, and trait self-compassion did not significantly change. However, SC behaviors, mindful behaviors, and mood significantly improved with MBI. Moreover, the interaction between SC behaviors and mindful behaviors was significantly shown in the pre-intervention, suggesting that SC behaviors moderate the effect of mindful behaviors on mood in daily life.
Preview repetitive control for polytopic nonlinear discrete-time systems
Authors: Li Li , Jia Chen
Published: May 2022

In this study, a preview repetitive control (PRC) strategy was developed for uncertain nonlinear discrete-time systems subjected to a previewable periodic reference signal. The proposed preview repetitive controller was designed such that the system output tracked a previewable periodic reference signal even with model uncertainties and nonlinear terms. An augmented two-dimensional (2D) model was constructed based on the 2D model approach and state augmented technique. Second, considering the state unmeasured and periodic tracking reference signal, a static output PRC law was designed using the linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller was verified through two illustrative examples.
Race, Education and #BlackLivesMatter: How Online Transformational Resistance Shapes the Offline Experiences of Black College-Age Women
Authors: Tanksley Tiera
Published: May 2022

Grounded in critical race theory and a burgeoning field of Black feminist technology studies, this article takes a techno-structural approach to understanding the promise and peril of internet technology to support activism, transformational resistance and counter-storytelling for Black college-agewomen. Qualitative interviews with 17 Black undergraduate women reveal multiple benefits of leveraging social media for racial justice, as well as the socioemotional and academic consequences of algorithmic racism. These findings support the need to develop new conceptual frameworks that can foster students’ sociotechnical consciousness, and further equip them with the critical race techno-literacies needed to disrupt anti-Blackness both on and offline.
Towards a Rasquache Resistance: Conceptualizing Chicanx Youth Subjectivities
Authors: Mendoza Aviña Sylvia , Morales Socorro
Published: May 2022

In this essay, we conceptualize a rasquache resistance for Chicanx elementary-aged youth. Rasquache resistance are the various performances, comportamientos, estilos, ways of being, manners of speaking, dress, and types of humor that Chicanx youth express and perform that resist white supremacy. Drawing from Chicanx and Black feminisms and Chicanx cultural studies, we conceptualize rasquache resistance through rasquachismo, a concept theorized by Tomás Ybarra-Frausto that identifies the working-class sensibilities of Chicanx communities as an aesthetic rooted in survival, creativity, and cultural production. Our aim is to provide insights for educators who are working alongside students, specifically critical educators who seek to build on the sensibilities that Chicanx youth bring to classroom spaces and schools.
The Impact of Chronic Illness on the Patient Experience: Results From a Cross-Sectional Comparative Study in a Comprehensive Tertiary Hospital in China
Authors: Zhu Lin-Hong , Ying Qian-Shan , Yang Min , Zhu Ling-Feng , Chen Hai-Xiao
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Improving the satisfaction and medical experience of patients is a basic goal of the comprehensive reform of public hospitals in China. This study aimed to investigate the patient experience and its influencing factors, and to compare medical experiences between patients with and without chronic disease, with a view to providing suggestions for improving the quality of public hospitals in China.

Methods:

A cross-sectional comparative study involving 102 patients discharged from Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, a tertiary public hospital in China, was conducted. The patients were invited to participate in a survey comprising the Picker Patient Experience Questionnaire (PPE-15), and an overall satisfaction evaluation (on a scale of 1-10). The patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not they had a chronic disease, and the medical experience and overall satisfaction of the groups were compared. Descriptive statistics (frequency, median, mean), chi-square analysis, and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data.

Results:

No statistical significance was found in overall satisfaction between patients with and without chronic diseases, but there were differences in the patient experience score. Chronic illness had negative impacts on the experience of care coordination for patients and respect for patient preferences. Of the seven dimensions of the PPE-15, the scores for emotional support and respect for patient preferences were the lowest in both groups, and the item “want to be more involved in decisions made about care and treatment” scored the lowest among all items.

Conclusions:

Hospital managers and staff members should pay more attention to the emotional support and preferences of patients. For patients with chronic diseases, the standardization of medical care and patient participation in the medical process should be strengthened. Hospitals should also subdivide patient groups, ascertain the demands and expectations of patients, and carry out targeted evaluation and intervention measures.
The Impact of Loss Aversion and Diminishing Sensitivity on Airline Revenue: Price Sensitivity in Cabin Classes
Authors: Nicolau Juan Luis , Shin Hakseung , Kim Bora , O’Connell John F.
Published: May 2022

While most businesses actively adopt a data-driven approach for revenue management decisions, understanding how air travelers perceive and behave differently to pricing strategies is essential for yielding optimal financial outcomes. This study analyzes the loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity mechanisms of prospect theory in economy and business cabin classes. With rich longitudinal airfares, regression models and revenue data (15,868 observations from the top-10 aviation routes in the world) from 2014 to 2019, this study finds that lower-(higher-)than-expected airfares have a positive (negative) impact on revenue. When the effect of loss-coded and gain-coded tickets were compared, the extent to which passengers avoided losses (vs. welcomed gains) had a greater impact on revenue, supporting that loss aversion applies to the airline revenue, especially for business passengers. This study contributes to the further refinement of prospect theory by showing that the loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity mechanisms manifest differently in each cabin class.
Re-visiting the relevance and importance of health psychology in South Africa
Authors: Coetzee Bronwyne J , Vogel Lodewyk , Sander Susan , Field Courtney , Kagee Ashraf , Roomaney Rizwana
Published: May 2022

Health psychology as a discipline has existed for more than four decades and is primarily concerned with research, theory, and practice at the nexus of psychology and health. The discipline is well established across Europe, the United States, and Australia with health psychology societies, postgraduate programmes, conferences, and academic journals dedicated to the discipline in the majority of these countries. However, in South Africa, health psychology remains a broad umbrella term under which psychologists and other health care professionals conduct research. Health psychology is concerned with the biological, social, psychological, contextual, and structural drivers of health and illness, and relies on theory and empirically-driven research to identify and understand important links between health and behaviour. In South Africa, where a large proportion of the population faces multiple co-occurring disease epidemics, such as HIV/AIDS, TB, COVID-19, diabetes, and heart disease, there is a need for a uniting sub-discipline like health psychology to focus intervention efforts and to meet the sustainable development goals. The recent re-establishment of a special interest group in health psychology in the Psychological Society of South Africa (PsySSA) is an important first step. In this article, and as members of the newly re-established special interest group in health psychology, we call attention to the need to promote health psychology in South Africa. In this article, we describe the paradigmatic traditions and theoretical models that inform the discipline. We then argue why health psychology should be prioritised again and recommend future directions for health psychology in South Africa.
How Industrial Diversity Shapes the Effects of Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers on Regional Innovation
Authors: Garcia Renato , Araujo Veneziano , Mascarini Suelene , Gomes Santos Emerson , Costa Ariana , Ferreira Sarah
Published: May 2022

Inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can generate important knowledge spillovers on local economies, fostering regional innovation, especially in developing countries. In this paper, we analyze how regional industrial structure shapes the effects of inward FDI spillovers on the innovative performance of Brazilian regions. Prior literature has analyzed the effects of FDI spillovers on the productivity of host countries’ firms, while less attention has been given to the corresponding effects on regional innovation. Thus, we use data on the investments of Multinational Companies in Brazilian regions for 2003-2014 and relate these data to the innovative performance measured by patents. Our results show that inward FDI positively influences innovation at the regional level since Brazilian regions that receive inward FDI present stronger innovative performance. In addition, the positive effects of inward FDI on local innovation are reinforced by the diversity of the regional industrial structure. Diversified regions that receive inward FDI are therefore better able to leverage the benefits of inward FDI spillovers.
Interview with Stephan Wolfert on Shakespeare, trauma, and mapping affective theatre communities
Authors: Stavreva Kirilka
Published: May 2022

This conversation with the founder of the theatre-therapy network DE-CRUIT sheds light on the purposeful work that goes into shaping creative Shakespearean networks of affective affiliation among US veterans who participate in the program. Program participants create rituals, integrate Shakespeare's poetry with personal narratives to voice trauma, and, eventually, to communalise it with their audiences in a healing process. The transformation of audiences into witnesses is also discussed, as is the development of three new Shakespearean adaptations by DE-CRUIT: She Wolf, Make Thick My Blood, The Head of Richard, performing, respectively, gender and immigrant alienation, post-traumatic stress disorder, and attachment disorder.
‘Above all, it will boil down to money problems’: The impact of gender-targeted public financing on political parties and women candidates in South Korea
Authors: Shin Ki-young , Kwon Soo Hyun
Published: May 2022

This article analyzes the conditions under which gender-targeted public financing can improve gender equality in politics by taking South Korea as an example. The South Korean laws require that 10% of state funds for parties be spent on women’s leadership training. Additional financial subsidies are granted to qualifying parties for subsidizing the campaign of female candidates. Our analysis indicates, however, that the outcome is mixed. Parties’ practices of candidate nomination which have privileged male politicians have not changed. Instead, a large portion of the single-member district seats and public funding regime has facilitated large parties to monopolize additional public funding. This article suggests that the institutional design of public finance, without taking into consideration broader institutional frameworks, could end up reinforcing existing inequality.