bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os Conflitos em Torno de uma Ferrovia de Escoamento de Minérios na Amazônia Oriental: Paradoxos da Sustentabilidade
Authors: Mota José Aroudo , Dos Santos Jorge Manuel Filipe , Maneschy Maria Cristina Alves , Matlaba Valente , Gonçalves Ida Lenir Maria Pena , Maia Maria Bernadete Reis , Belato Leoni de Souza
Published: December 2020

A eclosão de conflitos sociais como manifestação de insatisfação de comunidades em áreas sob influência da mineração e transporte de minérios é um fenômeno recorrente nas últimas décadas, apesar dos esforços para diminuir os impactos socioambientais desta atividade, à luz dos novos valores da sustentabilidade. Porém, esses conflitos permanecem configurando-se um paradoxo. A metodolodia do estudo consistiu na análise de uma amostra de 69 conflitos sociais relacionados com a operação de uma ferrovia de transporte de minério com extensão de 900 km. Foram aplicadas teorias sobre conflitos ligados à atividade minerária na complexa relação entre a operação de uma ferrovia e as comunidades no seu entorno. Os resultados apontam que os conflitos estudados podem ser evitados e todos os stakeholders devem ser envolvidos na sua solução. Assim, mostram a necessidade de novos arranjos institucionais que favoreçam o diálogo efetivo, a construção de consensos e o planejamento de ações integradas.
Experimental investigation of the combined system for mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Kretov E. , Sergeevichev D. , Artemenko S. , Chernyavskiy A.
Published: December 2020

Background. The intravenous administration of tissue plasmongen activator within 4.5 h of the onset of acute ischaemic stroke is known to improve the treatment outcomes significantly. However, in 2015, five large studies simultaneously demonstrated the superiority of a mechanical revascularisation strategy over a drug-based approach. As a results of these studies, the updated guidelines, providing an advantage of mechanical thromboextraction.Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the combined system for mechanical thrombus extraction.Methods. We prepared a prototype of a combined system for mechanical thrombextraction in ischaemic stroke. We performed a trial on a laboratory animal in order to assess the efficiency of the system.Results. Our results show that mechanical thrombus extraction using the domestic prototype of the combined thrombextraction system was highly efficient. Complete restoration of blood flow was observed in the previously occluded segment.Conclusion. Our study demonstrated prototype of a combined system for mechanical thrombus extraction effectiveness in preclinical study.
Received 10 December 2020. Revised 16 December 2020. Accepted 21 December 2020.
Funding: The work is supported by a grant (project No. 056-00042-20-00).
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Anatomical variability in the structure of the arch and thoracic aorta and its influence on aorta related pathological conditions
Authors: Shadanov A. , Sirota D. , Bergen T. , Lyashenko M. , Chernyavskiy A.
Published: December 2020

Aim. Assessment of normal and variant aortic arch anatomy in patients with type A aortic dissection and aneurysm of the arch and descending thoracic aorta.Methods. We retrospectively studied computer tomography (CT) data of chest organs with contrast in patients who underwent reconstruction of the aortic arch in type I aortic dissection according to DeBakey classification (n = 61) and resection of the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta aneurysm (n = 14) at the Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. The control group included patients without aortic arch pathology (n = 52). To identify relationships between the anatomical type of aortic arch and the risk of aortic pathology development, univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used.Results. Our analysis revealed four types of aortic arch anatomy. Normal aortic arch anatomy occurred in 66.1 % of patients (n = 84), the proportion of abnormalities of the left common carotid artery was 30 % (bovine aortic arch occurred in 15 %, and the same site of origin of left common carotid artery and brachiocephalic trunk occurred in 15 %). Divergence of the left vertebral artery from the aortic arch between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries occurred in 3.1 % (n = 4), and the combination of “bovine trunk” and divergence of the left vertebral artery from the aortic arch was detected in 0.8 % patients (n = 1). Logistic regression analyses revealed no statistically significant relationships between variant aortic arch anatomy and the development of type A aortic dissections and aortic arch aneurysms. The presence of the common origin of brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery was associated with a reduced risk of acute aortic dissection type I by 89 %, or an OR of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.03–0.46) (p = 0.002).Conclusion. Our data will help with future planning surgical interventions on the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta.
Received 17 June 2020. Revised 16 July 2020. Accepted 17 July 2020.
Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Author contributionsConception and design: A.A. ShadanovData collection and analysis: A.A. Shadanov, T.A. BergenStatistical analysis: D.A. Sirota, A.A. ShadanovDrafting the article: A.A. ShadanovCritical revision of the article: D.A. Sirota, M.M. Lyashenko, A.M. ChernyavskiyFinal approval of the version to be published: A.A. Shadanov, D.A. Sirota, T.A. Bergen, M.M. Lyashenko, A.M. Chernyavskiy
Effect of Extracts of Bryophyllum calycinum and Achyranthes Aspera on Urine Profile in Male Wistar Rats having Adenine Induced Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gehani Mukesh T , Raval SK , Pandya Suchit , Dave Keshank
Published: December 2020

The study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of aqueous and alcoholic uniherbal and biherbal extracts of Bryophyllum calycinum and Achyranthes aspera on adenine induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in male Wistar rats. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into eight equal groups, each of six animals. The rats of group I and II served as normal and adenine control, respectively. In group II to VIII, CKD was induced by administration of adenine (200 mg/kg b.wt.) daily along with drinking water for 28 days. After the 28th day, the rats of CKD induced Groups III to VIII were given aqueous and alcoholic plant extracts of B. calycinum and A. aspera @ 300 mg/kg b.wt. orally either as single extract or a combination as biherbal extracts (3:1) in 0.5 % sodium bicarbonate using syringe and rat gavage needle. CKD was confirmed by evaluating urine parameters. Significantly (p less than 0.01) increased levels of urine output, urine specific gravity, urine calcium, phosphorus, and total protein, with decreased levels of urine creatinine and urine pH were observed in all CKD groups as compared to normal control group by 28th day. These changes were significantly (p less than 0.05) reverted to near normal levels within next 42 days of daily administration of either single aqueous/alcoholic extract or a combination as biherbal extract (3:1), without statistical differences among formulations with regard to therapeutic/nephroprotective efficacy against CKD in terms of reducing the altered urine values towards near-normal by 42 days of oral administration.
Postpartum Uterine Prolapse in a Goat and its Successful Management
Authors: Singh Bhoopendra , Singh Kaushalendra Pratap , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Shubhendra Vikram , Husain Safayat
Published: December 2020

Postpartum uterine prolapse occurs in all animal species. It is most common in cows and ewe, less common in the doe and rare in the mare. It is an eversion of the uterus, which turns inside out as it passes through the vagina. Prolapse of uterus generally occurs immediately after or a few hours of parturition when the cervix is open, and the uterus lacks tone (Hanie, 2006). The prolapse is visible as a large mass protruding from the vulva, often hanging down below the animal’s hock. The etiology of uterine prolapse is not yet fully known. Hormonal imbalance, hypocalcemia, mineral imbalances, injuries or stretching of birth passage, excessive traction at assisted parturition, dystocia or forceful removal of fetal membranes may contribute to the occurrence of prolapse (Hanie, 2006; Jackson, 2004). Animals with uterine prolapse should be treated promptly; otherwise, it may lead to edema, ischemia, laceration, internal hemorrhage (Noakes et al., 2001), prostration, and shock making prognosis poor to hopeless. The success of treatment depends on the type of case, the degree of damage, and contamination. The present case highlights the successful management of postpartum uterine prolapse in a goat.
Surgical Management of Urolithiasis in a Male Labrador: A Case Report
Authors: Ghosh Chhotan Kumar , Roy Subhasis , Sarkar Pradip , Singh Anil
Published: December 2020

Urinary stones (urolithiasis) are a common condition responsible for lower urinary tract disease in dogs. The formation of calculi is associated with precipitation and crystal formation of a variety of minerals. Urinary calculi can damage the lining of the urinary tract, causing inflammation, which may predispose to bacterial infection. If calculi become lodged in the ureter, causing an obstruction, it may result in serious kidney damage. Unilateral ureteral obstruction may result in hydronephrosis with loss of function of the kidney. Urine retention may rupture the bladder with distension of the renal capsule (Tion et al., 2015 and Mudasir et al., 2018). So, an urgent cystotomy for removal of uroliths is the most commonly performed surgical procedure to save the life of the pets.
Rapid Detection based Prevalence of Canine Corona Virus (CCoV) and Canine Parvo Virus (CPV) Infection in Diarrheic Dogs in South Gujarat
Authors: Desai Dhruv , Kalyani Irshadullahkha , Patel Dharmesh , Makwana Pushpa , Solanki Jayesh , Vala Jignesh
Published: December 2020

The study was done on detection and prevalence of canine coronavirus (CCoV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) from the diarrhoeic dogs. Dogs presented with the diarrhoea and symptomatic illness, were tested for the CCoV and CPV infection. Diarrhoeic samples were directly processed for rapid diagnostic test using Immuno-chromatography based lateral flow assay test (LFA). It is a fast, rapid and specific for the CCoV and CPV detection. Out of total 109 samples processed by the LFA, 05 (4.58 %) were found positive for CCoV and 37 (33.94%) were positive for CPV. None of the samples showed concomitant infection of both the viruses. Age-wise prevalence of CCoV was found to be 7.93 (5/63) % in ≤3 months age group, and no positive case was found in other age groups. Similarly, the age wise prevalence of CPV was found to be 41.26 (26/63), 25.00 (9/26) and 20.00 (2/10) % in ≤3 months, 3 to 6 months and 6 to 12 months of age group, respectively. The prevalence of CCoV and CPV was found more in young puppies.
Transcriptome Signatures of Dysregulated Brain Dynamics Induce Entangled Network States.
Authors:   Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 33146 FL-USA, Capobianco Enrico
Published: December 2020

Marks of brain disorders may be visible through abnormal networks characterized by states with distinct signatures or connectivity patterns. Apart from neurodegenerations, drug abuse or eventually addiction may exert complex perturbative effects over human health, including damage to various organs and especially brain inflammation, volume shrinkage and functional deficits. These can also be regarded as signs of accelerated ageing, which involve multiple comorbidities associated with long-lasting cognitive impairments. The present study investigates drug effects at brain level through transcriptional changes potentially reflecting specific molecular and cellular dysregulation marks. As signatures arising in various brain regions may change, the data here analyzed refer to cross-referenced transcriptome profiles that were in part experimentally measured and in part computed. A methodological aim refers to network inference centered on a few well-characterized entangled states whose connectivity patterns identify clusters and motifs. At the biological annotation level an interesting role is played by the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA), a central connector of kinases involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement, synaptogenesis and synaptic functions, neurogenesis, cell growth, cell adhesion, neurohormone signaling apoptosis. VEGFA associations in both co-expression and protein-protein interaction networks reveal patterns linked to MCL1, a BCL2 family Apoptosis regulator.
An Asynchronous, Mobile Text-Based Platform (XatJove Anoia) for Providing Health Services to Teenagers: Protocol for a Quasiexperimental Study
Authors: Sauch Valmaña Glòria , Vidal-Alaball Josep , Garcia Furió Victoria , Testoni Giorgia , Espelt Albert , Exposito Katarin , Saigí-Rubió Francesc , Carré Núria , Sanz Ikuska , Vicens Victor
Published: December 2020

Background

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is more essential than ever to implement protective measures in primary care centers to ensure patients’ safety. This protocol describes a quasiexperimental study on the use of a mobile chat platform as a clinical consultation tool for adolescents and primary health care physicians.

Objective

The purpose of the quasiexperimental study is to demonstrate that the use of mobile phones and messaging apps increases the number of health consultations. The study will be performed as part of the Health and School program in the Anoia region.

Methods

The quasiexperimental study will compare the number of face-to-face consultations to the number of consultations conducted on XatJove Anoia, as part of the Health in Schools program in the Anoia region. The study will involve the use of a new communication platform (ie, XatJove Anoia) for health care professionals and adolescents, and data on the number of face-to-face consultations will be collected as part of the same program in another region. Data will be collected from secondary schools during the academic year 2020-2021. Statistical analyses will be performed on the data that users will enter in the registration form. These data will be collected by means of a questionnaire, which will be submitted once the questionnaire is closed. The questionnaire will consist of multiple-choice questions, which will allow numerical values to be assigned to various responses in order to carry out statistical analyses.

Results

The study is projected to start at the beginning of November 2020 and finish in June 2021, which is when data analysis is expected to start.

Conclusions

The results of the quasiexperimental study may assist in the development and planning of school health programs.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04562350; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04562350.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/25062
The Online Health Information Needs of Family Physicians: Systematic Review of Qualitative and Quantitative Studies (Preprint)
Authors: van der Keylen Piet , Tomandl Johanna , Wollmann Katharina , Möhler Ralph , Sofroniou Mario , Maun Andy , Voigt-Radloff Sebastian , Frank Luca
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Digitalization and the increasing availability of online information have changed the way in which information is searched for and retrieved by the public and by health professionals. The technical developments in the last two decades have transformed the methods of information retrieval. Although systematic evidence exists on the general information needs of specialists, and in particular, family physicians (FPs), there have been no recent systematic reviews to specifically address the needs of FPs and any barriers that may exist to accessing online health information.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to provide an up-to-date perspective on the needs of FPs in searching, retrieving, and using online information.

METHODS

This systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies searched a multitude of databases spanning the years 2000 to 2020 (search date January 2020). Studies that analyzed the online information needs of FPs, any barriers to the accessibility of information, and their information-seeking behaviors were included. Two researchers independently scrutinized titles and abstracts, analyzing full-text papers for their eligibility, the studies therein, and the data obtained from them.

RESULTS

The initial search yielded 4541 studies for initial title and abstract screening. Of the 144 studies that were found to be eligible for full-text screening, 41 were finally included. A total of 20 themes were developed and summarized into 5 main categories: individual needs of FPs before the search; access needs, including factors that would facilitate or hinder information retrieval; quality needs of the information to hand; utilization needs of the information available; and implication needs for everyday practice.

CONCLUSIONS

This review suggests that searching, accessing, and using online information, as well as any pre-existing needs, barriers, or demands, should not be perceived as separate entities but rather be regarded as a sequential process. Apart from accessing information and evaluating its quality, FPs expressed concerns regarding the applicability of this information to their everyday practice and its subsequent relevance to patient care. Future online information resources should cater to the needs of the primary care setting and seek to address the way in which such resources may be adapted to these specific requirements.
Evaluation of a massive open online course for just-in-time training in resource-limited settings: evidence from a COVID-19 course for healthcare workers (Preprint)
Authors: Strehlow Matthew Charles , Aluri Kelly Zhang , Johnston Jamie Sewan , Prober Charles G , Acker Peter Corrigan , Patil Avinash S , Mahadevan Swaminatha V
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic created an urgent global need for healthcare worker (HCW) training. Initial COVID-19-related online courses focused primarily on training public health workers and physicians caring for patients in intensive care units (ICUs). However, in resource-constrained settings, nurses and general practitioners are responsible for providing most COVID-19 patient medical care, typically lacking the training and equipment necessary to manage complex, critically ill patients. In these environments, early recognition and interventions to prevent patient deterioration are essential to optimizing outcomes. We developed a massive open online course (MOOC) for HCWs in resource-constrained settings aimed at training bedside providers caring for patients with COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

This study evaluates the impact of this MOOC by assessing HCW course engagement, knowledge, confidence in caring for COVID-19 patients, and user experience.

METHODS

From May thru June of 2020, the course was rapidly developed by a team of physicians, educators, medical illustrators, and education technology staff, and was subsequently launched on two online platforms in July 2020. The approximately 4-hour course comprises 6 video-based modules with accompanying handouts. Student knowledge was assessed using pre- and post-module quizzes and a final exam, while demographics and user experience were evaluated by pre- and post-course surveys and data collected through the platforms.

RESULTS

From July 17th to September 24th, 30,859 students enrolled, 18,818 started, and 7,101 completed the course. Most participants worked in healthcare (86%) and resided in lower middle- (36%) or upper middle- (21%) income countries. Higher course completion rates were observed among learners who were from upper middle-income (aOR 1.152 [95% CI 1.019-1.303]) and lower middle-income countries (aOR 1.229 [95% CI 1.104-1.368]). Significant knowledge gains were observed from pre-module (mean 56% [SD 17%]) to post-module quizzes (80% [SD 15%], P<.001), and from pre-module quizzes to the final exam (78% [SD 17%], P<.001). After course completion, participants reported increased self-efficacy regarding the course objectives, with a 0.63 mean increase on a 4-point scale (95% CI [0.60,0.66]). Overall, there was high satisfaction with the course experience, with 93% of participants reporting they would recommend the course to others.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the potential of MOOCs to rapidly provide access to emerging medical knowledge during a public health crisis, particularly for HCWs in high- and middle-income countries. Further research is required to understand the impact of such online courses on patient care and how to better reach learners in low-income countries.
Empathy not quarantined: Association between people’s empathy to others and the COVID-19 pandemic situations based on a national survey study (Preprint)
Authors: Jiang Zhibin , Yang Fan , Zhong Bu , Qin Xuebing
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The Covid-19 pandemic had turned the world upside down, but not much is known about how people’s empathy might be affected by the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

This study examined 1) how empathy towards others might be influenced by the social support people obtained by using social media; and 2) how the individual demographics (e.g., age, income) may affect empathy.

METHODS

A national survey (N = 943) was conducted in China in February 2020, in which the participants read three real scenarios about low-income urban workers (Scenario I), small business owners in cities (Scenario II), and farmers in rural areas (Scenario III) who underwent hardship due to COVID-19. After exposure to others’ difficulties in the scenarios, the participants’ empathy and anxiety levels were measured. We also measured the social support they had by using social media.

RESULTS

Results show that social support not only positively impacted empathy, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario I, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario II, and β = .29, P < .001 for Scenario III, but also interacted with anxiety in influencing the degree to which participants could maintain empathy towards others, β = .08, P = .010 for Scenario I, and β = .07, P = .033 for scenario II. Age negatively predicted empathy for Scenario I, β = -.08, P = .018 and Scenario III, β = -.08, P = .009, but not for Scenario II, β = -.03, P = .40. Income levels – low, medium, high – positively predicted empathy for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 8.10, P < .001, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = 2.14, P = .12, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 2.93, P = .06. Participants living in big cities expressed greater empathy towards others for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 4.03, P =.018, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = .81, P = .45, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 1.46, P =.23.

CONCLUSIONS

This study contributes to the literature by discovering the critical role empathy plays in people’s affective response to others during the pandemic. Anxiety did not decrease empathy. However, those gaining more social support on social media showed more empathy for others. Those who resided in cities with higher income levels were more empathetic during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study reveals that the social support people obtained helped maintain empathy to others, making them resilient in challenging times.
Digital Contact Tracing Based on a Graph Database Algorithm for Emergency Management During the COVID-19 Epidemic: Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mao Zijun , Yao Hong , Zou Qi , Zhang Weiting , Dong Ying
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 epidemic is still spreading globally. Contact tracing is a vital strategy in epidemic emergency management; however, traditional contact tracing faces many limitations in practice. The application of digital technology provides an opportunity for local governments to trace the contacts of individuals with COVID-19 more comprehensively, efficiently, and precisely.

OBJECTIVE

Our research aimed to provide new solutions to overcome the limitations of traditional contact tracing by introducing the organizational process, technical process, and main achievements of digital contact tracing in Hainan Province.

METHODS

A graph database algorithm, which can efficiently process complex relational networks, was applied in Hainan Province; this algorithm relies on a governmental big data platform to analyze multisource COVID-19 epidemic data and build networks of relationships among high-risk infected individuals, the general population, vehicles, and public places to identify and trace contacts. We summarized the organizational and technical process of digital contact tracing in Hainan Province based on interviews and data analyses.

RESULTS

An integrated emergency management command system and a multi-agency coordination mechanism were formed during the emergency management of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hainan Province. The collection, storage, analysis, and application of multisource epidemic data were realized based on the government’s big data platform using a centralized model. The graph database algorithm is compatible with this platform and can analyze multisource and heterogeneous big data related to the epidemic. These practices were used to quickly and accurately identify and trace 10,871 contacts among hundreds of thousands of epidemic data records; 378 closest contacts and a number of public places with high risk of infection were identified. A confirmed patient was found after quarantine measures were implemented by all contacts.

CONCLUSIONS

During the emergency management of the COVID-19 epidemic, Hainan Province used a graph database algorithm to trace contacts in a centralized model, which can identify infected individuals and high-risk public places more quickly and accurately. This practice can provide support to government agencies to implement precise, agile, and evidence-based emergency management measures and improve the responsiveness of the public health emergency response system. Strengthening data security, improving tracing accuracy, enabling intelligent data collection, and improving data-sharing mechanisms and technologies are directions for optimizing digital contact tracing.
Reproduction of Indian Mackerel Rastreliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) in Morodemak Coast Demak Regency
Authors: Rachmanto Dwi , Djumanto Djumanto , Setyobudi Eko
Published: December 2020

Indian mackerel is a group of small pelagic fish that has high economic value and is ecologically important. The catch of Indian mackerel in the Morodemak Coastal Fishing Port of Central Java has decreased within 2016-2018, which is suspected by overexploitation. This study aims to observe the reproduction of Indian mackerel. Fish samples were collected from the catches of the mini purse seine operated by fishermen in April-June 2019. The fish samples were measured their length and weight individually, then the abdomen dissected to collect gonad, and counted in sub-sample of the egg number. Data were analyzed to determine the length-weight relationship of fish, sex ratio, gonad maturity level (GML), gonad maturity index (GMI), the size of the first gonad matured, and the egg number in each gonad brood fish. The results showed a negative allometric length relationship, and the length-weight relation equation in female fish was W = 0.038 L 2.59 and in male was W = 0.178 L 2.03. The value of fish condition factors in males, and females obtained values ranging from 1-2. The proportion of fish in GML III ranges from 27.2 to 82.5%, while GML IV ranges from 3.6 to 33.8%. Fish GMI ranged from 0.17 to 4.75%. The eggs number ranged from 11.235 to 40.878 grain. The female Indian mackerel get the first gonad matured at the size of 15.2 cm.
Old Ryazan: New Studies and Discoveries
Authors: Chernecov Aleksey , Strikalov Igor'
Published: December 2020

The paper is dedicated to field studies of the Old Ryazan conducted in 2015–2019 and the discoveries made. The authors have obtained considerable amount of information on defence structures, manors and housing complexes, as well as urban cemeteries. Additional information on the history of the monument (stratification related to the pre-Slavic population) was revealed. As for investigation into the ancient history of the monument, paleosol study was used as the method.
Publishing of the Russian Historical Society
Authors: Lepehin Mihail
Published: December 2020

The paper is dedicated to the establishment of the Russian Historical Society in 1866 and its voluntary dissolution in 1920. A group of persons initiated the publishing of the “Collection of the Russian Historical Society” in 148 volumes and the “Russian Biographical Dictionary” in 25 volu­mes. In half a century of publishing efforts of a few persons, the Society has laid the foundation of Russian historical science.
Linguopoetics in Works of Leo Tolstoy from the Scientific Perspective in the Early 21st Century
Authors: Romanov Dmitriy
Published: December 2020

The findings of the study of linguopoetics in Leo Tolstoy’s works are considered from the perspective of three aspects of the fundamental scientific objective: 1) introduction to the philological rotation of understudied texts; 2) review of already studied texts from new perspectives; 3) interpretation of texts with the regard to the modern reader.

As a scientific example of the first aspect, the paper refers to the analysis of “Notes on Ill Traits of Russian Soldiers and Officers”. “Notes on…” demonstrate the main trends of lexical shifts typical for the Russian literary language of the mid-19th century. The author refers to an increase in the number of irrelevant vocabularies in the literary language, the fact that many lexical elements have gained the value of moral and ethical categories, the use of scientific terms in the literary language, the introduction of social and political connotations to words, the actualisation of the meaning by making the word more journalistic and rhetorical in the text.

As for the second aspect, the paper analyses the lexical and stylistic signature features of Tolstoy’s original works. The author studies Tolstoy’s innovations of lexical, stylistic and structural nature. Such as, there are the examples of occasional word creation: extension of semantics of lexical elements and attribution of new stylistic functions and values, as well as fixing word creation, when the text fixes yet not fully rooted lexical device and attributes it with novel features. The author also reviews how Tolstoy builds the quoted speech of his cha­racters, as well as classifies the types of dialogues used by Tolstoy (psychological, ideological and etiquettical).

Regarding the third aspect, the paper focuses on the matter of linguopoetics. It includes the textual efforts to prepare Leo Tolstoy’s works to be published with a number of comments. Lexi­cal comments within the text, outside the text and the independent ones follow an experimental study of gaps in a reader’s perception.
Educación y progreso para la nación: Ilusiones de una escuela colonizada
Authors: Revelo Calvache Jose Luis
Published: December 2020

La educación para la democracia y el acceso al progreso han sido dos ejes fundamentales del discurso educativo colonizado con que nuestra escuela fue construida. Este texto pretende acercarse a la comprensión de la llegada del edificio escolar al entramado institucional de las nacientes repúblicas del siglo XIX y a las lógicas con las que se ha transformado el discurso educativo a partir de las ideas de progreso, la evolución del Estado nacional y las nuevas interpretaciones sobre el desarrollo que se han gestado en Latinoamérica. Abordaremos los pormenores acerca de cómo las ideas de educación y progreso fueron determinantes para la construcción de un país homogéneo, frente a las tensiones propias de nuestras diversidades ancestrales.
The Prevention of Ulcers Decubitus with Mobilization and The Usage of Olive Oil on Stroke Patients
Authors: Meliza Siti Cahaya , Ritarwa Kiking , Sitohang Nur Asnah
Published: December 2020

Abstract: Decubitus ulcers are one of the problems experienced by bed rest patients, such as stroke patients, caused by immobilization. Prevention of decubitus ulcers can be done with mobilization and topical application of olive oil. Olive oil contains saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, and phenols which are healthy for the skin. This research aims to identify the effects of mobilization and application of olive oil on the prevention of decubitus ulcers in stroke patients. A control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used in the research. Convenience (non-probability) sampling was also carried out, resulting in 64 research samples. Mobilization intervention of right-left oblique positions and application of olive oil on the area prone to decubitus ulcers were then executed for seven days. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed the effects of mobilization and application of olive oil on the preventions of decubitus ulcers in stroke patients with a value of P= <0,05. Abstrak: Ulkus dekubitus merupakan salah satu masalah yang dialami pasien tirah baring seperti pasien stroke, dengan faktor penyebabnya adalah immobilisasi, tindakan pencegahan ulkus dekubitus dapat dilkukan dengan mobilisasi dan pemberian bahan oles seperti minyak zaitun, minyak zaitun kandungannya terdiri dari asam lemak jenuh, asam lemak tak jenuh, vitamin E dan fenolik yang baik untuk kesehatan kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh mobilisasi dan penggunaan minyak zaitun terhadap pencegahan ulkus dekubitus pada pasien stroke. Penelitian menggunakan desain Quasi-experimental dengan pretest- posttest with countrol gruopdesign.Convenience (Non-probability) dilakukan untuk pengambilan sampel, jumlah sampel penelitian 64. Intervensi mobilisasi miring kanan dan kiri kemudian bagian yang akan terjadi ulkus dekubitus diolesi minyak zaitun,intervensi dilakukan selama tujuh hari. Analisa data wilcoson signed -rank test menunjukan adanya pengaruh mobilisasi dan penggunaan minyak zaitun terhadap pencegahan ulkus dekubitus pada pasien stroke dangan nilai P= <0,05. Mobilisasi miring kanan dan kiri penggunaan minyak zaitun dapat mencegah ulkus dekubitus.
Reform of the system of development institutions of the Far East: directions and tasks
Authors:   The Far-Eastern Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Khvan I. S.
Published: December 2020

Development institutions are an important modern instrument of government regulation of the economy in all developed countries. The system of development institutions of the Russian Federation includes the federal and regional development institutions. Key federal development institutions include such well-known state corporations as the investment fund of the Russian Federation; the State Corporation "Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Activity (Vnesheconombank)"; the state corporation "Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies," etc. According to experts of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, about 200 regional development institutions operate on the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The objectives of this extensive system of development institutions so far have been to overcome the so-called "market failures," which cannot be optimally realized by the market mechanisms, and to promote the sustained economic growth of a country or an individual region. In November 2020, the Government of the Russian Federation announced the reform of the system of development institutions in the country. The article analyzes the goals and main directions of the announced reform. On the example of the system of development institutions of the Far East, an attempt was made to assess its possible consequences.
Migration imaginations of residents of the Khabarovsk territory: experience of the pilot sociological research
Authors:   The Far-Eastern Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Zubkov V. V. , Sidorov P.G. ,   The Far-Eastern Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of a pilot sociological study of migration perceptions of the population, the reasons for their formation, as well as the factors and conditions under which the willingness to live and work in the Khabarovsk Territory is realized. The analysis of the results of the survey, which according to the research methodology was conducted in two target groups ("residents of the region" and "student youth"), indicates the stability and reproduction of migration intentions as a determined willingness and desire to leave the place of permanent residence in the Khabarovsk territory. The sociological approach to the study of migration perceptions of the target groups under study consists in determining the target attitudes, guidelines and expectations from moving, due to the status-role set and personal attitudes of respondents.
Employment structure and the level of education of Kyrgyz in the Krasnoyarsk territory
Authors:   the Siberian federal university – the Humanitarian institute, Zadorin A. V.
Published: December 2020

On the basis of statistical data and materials of sociological survey, the structure of employment and the level of education of Kyrgyz in the Krasnoyarsk territory were determined in the article. Incompleteness of information about the total number of Kyrgyz in the Krasnoyarsk territory led to the choice of research of intelligence type. 106 people aged 18 to 65 years were interviewed, of which 58 were men (54.7%) and 48 women (45.3%). Of the total number of respondents, 28.3% were students of the Siberian federal university (SFU). Non-random (spontaneous) types of selection were used. As a result of the study, the professional structure of Kyrgyz migrants in the Krasnoyarsk territory was described. The information about areas of their employment available in the special literature was clarified. Widespread opinion that the majority of Kyrgyz in the Krasnoyarsk territory are employed in the field of trade and entrepreneurship has not been confirmed. Men are dominated by unskilled workers (38.5% of respondents) and skilled workers (30.8%). Most women are housewives (35.1%), are employed in unskilled work or work as salesmen (24.3% each). In total, 17.1% of Kyrgyz are employed in the field of trade and entrepreneurship. Most immigrants do not work in their specialty, and many were changed not only their profession, but also the area of their employment.
Comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Dobrolyubova Elena , Yuzhakov Vladimir ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Improving control and supervisory activities on the basis of introducing risk-oriented approaches is an urgent area of public administration reforms both in Russia and abroad. Traditionally, assessing the effectiveness of this area is carried out on the basis of the state control intensity indicators (the number of inspections), and assessing risks in controlled areas is carried out on the basis of statistical indicators, partially dependent on state control bodies. To obtain a balanced assessment of the state control effectiveness and efficiency, it is important to take into account other data sources reflecting the citizens’ and the business community position. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance on the basis of both statistical data and the results of sociological studies reflecting the position of citizens and business. Methods. The authors suggest their own methods for comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of state control. The scientific novelty of the study consists in a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, taking into account various data sources and making it possible to assess the progress of implementing the reform of state control in this area. Results. The results of the study indicate, in general, an increase in the effectiveness and budgetary efficiency of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance over the last years of the reform implementation. At the same time, at the level of intermediate and immediate results, there are multidirectional trends, and the growth in the total costs of business and the state is ahead of the growth in the results achieved. Conclusions. The use of the authors’ comprehensive methodology for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of state control makes it possible to obtain reliable data characterizing the actual state of things in the area under consideration. Further improving the efficiency and effectiveness of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance requires expanding the scope of applying risk-oriented approaches and improving the quality of considering the appeals of the citizens who faced with risks of wrongdoing.
Philosophical walk: from antiquity to modern times
Authors:   South Ural State University, Gulevataya Anastasia , Milyaeva Ekaterina ,   South Ural State University, Penner Regina ,   South Ural State University, Suleimanova Sofia ,   South Ural State University
Published: December 2020

Introduction. In the history of philosophy we find a lot of philosophical practices that can be implemented in the university environment for students and outside the university for a wide audience. The Philosophical Walk is one of such practices. During a walk philosophy can become truly humane, turn to a person, his world, and everyday life. The purpose of the study is to comprehend the potential of a philosophical walk as a way of philosophical practice, a format of a modern person’s self-knowledge and the implementation of self-care, available to a wide range of people without special philosophical education.Methods The research is based on the comparative historical method, the method of interpreting the texts of philosophical primary sources and the systematic approach. The study presents and analyzes an experiment in the context of which residents of a large city go on a philosophical walk in order to take care of themselves. Scientific novelty of the research. In theoretical terms, philosophical walk is conceptualized. In practical terms, the analysis of the effectiveness of a philosophical walk as a way of a large city resident’s self-care is carried out. Results. A philosophical walk is a form of group philosophical practice, in the context of which the participants become guided (literally and figuratively,) by the facilitator. In the summer of 2020, the authors of the article organized a series of walks, each of which was attended by 8 to 12 people who had not have direct contact with philosophy in their everyday life, in the educational and professional spheres. In September 2020, the participants of the walks were offered a questionnaire consisting of closed and open questions. According to the respondents’ answers, a general picture of the effectiveness of a philosophical walk as a form of self-care for a modern metropolis resident was drawn. Conclusions. We understand the philosophical walk as a kind of “place”, a space of calm and harmony for a person of the XXI century. A resident of a big city lives in constant noise. The events of 2020 have increased the noise and accompanying stress. A philosophical walk, in turn, within the boundaries of the same city creates an atmosphere for a person to meet with himself. With the help of an external plan (forest environment, clean air, sounds of nature) and a philosophical plan (concentration over the text, dialogue with a philosopher and a group), the meeting participant can formulate the life-meaning questions that concern him and start looking for answers.
Podejście skoncentrowane na rozwiązaniach. Próba adaptacji metody do procesu resocjalizacji
Authors: Chojecka Jana
Published: December 2020

Poszukując odpowiedzi na podstawowe pytanie „co działa w resocjalizacji”, uwaga teoretyków i praktyków kierowana jest na nurt evidence-based practice. Dotychczas wypracowane modelowe rozwiązania poddawane są coraz bardziej rzetelnym analizom badawczym służącym ocenie ich skuteczności i  efektywności. Wśród licznych propozycji warte uwagi jest podejście skoncentrowane na rozwiązaniach, które czerpie zarówno z  teorii systemów rodzinnych, jak i  konstrukcjonizmu społecznego, a  także z  dorobku Miltona Ericksona. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie założeń podejścia skoncentrowanego na rozwiązaniach oraz ukazanie możliwości jego wykorzystania w  pracy resocjalizacyjnej z  przestępcami. Przywołane wyniki badań wskazują na pozytywny wpływ oddziaływań skoncentrowanych na rozwiązaniach na zmianę zachowań problemowych, inspirując do dalszych analiz zwłaszcza na gruncie polskiej resocjalizacji, by poszerzać ofertę kierowaną do przestępców o  programy o udowodnionej skuteczności.
PENSAR PELA GEOGRAFIA – ENSINO E RELEVÂNCIA SOCIAL
Authors: De Lima Rodrigues Aline
Published: December 2020

Resenha do livro “Pensar pela Geografia – ensino e relevância social”, de Lana de Souza Cavalcanti, no qual a autora desenvolve o pensamento geográfico, que assume nas suas pesquisas, uma relevância que se destaca na discussão sobre o ensino de geografia e a formação de professores. Ao longo do livro, enontram-se os elementos teóricos e metodológicos fundamentais para se compreender a premissa: A Geografia serve para pensar, ela ajuda a pensa; no ensino se ensina a pensar a geografia. (CAVACANTI, 2019). Desta forma, o livro é um convite a uma reflexão mais ampla do processo de ensino aprendizagem de geografia, no momento em que desenvolve um caminho didático para o professor trilhar com o seu aluno, evidenciando o quanto ensinar e aprender Geografia pode ser significativo para a compreensão da realidade.
Diving medical officers as hospitalists: a case of arterial gas embolism following a routine GI procedure
Authors:   Internal Medicine Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas U.S., Hughes Stephen M. , Hodgson Joni ,   Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas U.S., Richards Michael F. ,   Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas U.S.
Published: December 2020

Arterial gas embolism is a well-described and frequently seen injury encountered in both civilian and military diving operations. It is becoming increasingly reported and potentially increasingly more common in the hospital environment as a complication of more frequent gastroenterology procedures. We present a case of a 49-year-old, active-duty female who developed significant left-sided neurological deficits manifesting as diffuse left-sided weakness, subjective confusion, and severe headache following esophagogastroduodenoscopy. With increased clinical suspicion for arterial gas embolism, the patient was evaluated by the hyperbaric medicine team at our facility and subsequently treated to near-resolution of symptoms by multiple hyperbaric oxygen treatments. This case highlights the importance of considering this rare complication during or following common invasive procedures. Furthermore, the unique training and experience of physicians with expertise in diving medicine and their ability to recognize these types of injury in the hospital setting highlights the importance of continued training in these fields within Military Medicine in addition to civilian Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine fellowships.