bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological hydrogen production using a membrane bioreactor
Authors: Oh Sang‐Eun , Iyer Prabha , Bruns Mary Ann , Logan Bruce E.
Published: June 2004

A cross‐flow membrane was coupled to a chemostat to create an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) for biological hydrogen production. The reactor was fed glucose (10,000 mg/L) and inoculated with a soil inoculum heat‐treated to kill non‐spore‐forming methanogens. Hydrogen gas was consistently produced at a concentration of 57–60% in the headspace under all conditions. When operated in chemostat mode (no flow through the membrane) at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.3 h, 90% of the glucose was removed, producing 2200 mg/L of cells and 500 mL/h of biogas. When operated in MBR mode, the solids retention time (SRT) was increased to SRT = 12 h producing a solids concentration in the reactor of 5800 mg/L. This SRT increased the overall glucose utilization (98%), the biogas production rate (640 mL/h), and the conversion efficiency of glucose‐to‐hydrogen from 22% (no MBR) to 25% (based on a maximum of 4 mol‐H2/mol‐glucose). When the SRT was increased from 5 h to 48 h, glucose utilization (99%) and biomass concentrations (8,800 ± 600 mg/L) both increased. However, the biogas production decreased (310 ± 40 mL/h) and the glucose‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency decreased from 37 ± 4% to 18 ± 3%. Sustained permeate flows through the membrane were in the range of 57 to 60 L/m2 h for three different membrane pore sizes (0.3, 0.5, and 0.8 μm). Most (93.7% to 99.3%) of the membrane resistance was due to internal fouling and the reversible cake resistance, and not the membrane itself. Regular backpulsing was essential for maintaining permeate flux through the membrane. Analysis of DNA sequences using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis indicated bacteria were most closely related to members of Clostridiaceae and Flexibacteraceae, including Clostridium acidisoli CAC237756 (97%), Linmingia china AF481148 (97%), and Cytophaga sp. MDA2507 AF238333 (99%). No PCR amplification of 16s rRNA genes was obtained when archaea‐specific primers were used. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The autogenic (self‐generated) massacre
Authors: Mullen Paul E.
Published: June 2004

Mass killings can be of a variety of types including family slayings, cult killings, and the by‐product of other criminal activities. This article focuses on massacres where the perpetrators indiscriminately kill people in pursuit of a highly personal agenda arising from their own specific social situation and psychopathology. Five cases are presented of this type of autogenic (self‐generated) massacre, all of whom survived and were assessed by the author. Not only do these massacres follow an almost stereotypical course, but the perpetrators tend to share common social and psychological disabilities. They are isolates, often bullied in childhood, who have rarely established themselves in effective work roles as adults. They have personalities marked by suspiciousness, obsessional traits, and grandiosity. They often harbour persecutory beliefs, which may occasionally verge on the delusional. The autogenic massacre is essentially murder suicide, in which the perpetrators intend first to kill as many people as they can and then kill themselves. The script for this particular form of suicide has established itself in western society and is continuing to spread, and to diversify. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serial murder by children and adolescents
Authors: Myers Wade C.
Published: June 2004

Six cases of serial murder by children and adolescents spanning the past 150 years are presented. The available literature pertaining to this area is reviewed. Each of these six offenders committed sexually homicidal behavior as demonstrated by their expression of erotic interest or engagement in overt sexual behavior at the crime scenes. From a DSM‐IV‐TR perspective they all exhibited signs of sexual sadism, and their crime characteristics reflected behavior of a more predatory than affective nature. Hands on methods of killing were preferred, i.e., cutting, stabbing, or strangulation. These crimes are extremely rare. Case reports in this area are encouraged to advance our knowledge of these youths. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐line motion blending for real‐time locomotion generation
Authors: Park Sang Il , Shin Hyun Joon , Kim Tae Hoon , Shin Sung Yong
Published: June 2004

In this paper, we present an integrated framework of on‐line motion blending for locomotion generation. We first provide a novel scheme for incremental timewarping, which always guarantees that the time goes forward. Combining the idea of motion blending with that of posture rearrangement, we introduce a motion transition graph to address on‐line motion blending and transition simultaneously. Guided by a stream of motion specifications, our motion synthesis scheme moves from node to node in an on‐line manner while blending a motion at a node and generating a transition motion at an edge. For smooth on‐line motion transition, we also attach a set of example transition motions to an edge. To represent similar postures consistently, we exploit the inter‐frame coherency embedded in the input motion specification. Finally, we provide a comprehensive solution to on‐line motion retargeting by integrating existing techniques. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tai Chi synthesizer: a motion synthesis framework based on key‐postures and motion instructions
Authors: Chao Shih‐Pin , Chiu Chih‐Yi , Yang Shi‐Nine , Lin Tsang‐Gang
Published: June 2004

Human spontaneous motions such as walking and runing are seldom described in detail. However, some well designed motions such as conditioning and rehabilitation exercises are usually described in detail and edited into exercise manuals for training purpose. This paper presents a novel framework for synthesizing new motions based on given motion manuals and corresponding motion capture examples. First, using text analysis method, a set of basic motion texts is extracted from exercise manuals and converted into text normal form. Then we introduce an annotation method to build the mapping table between basic motion texts and their corresponding motion clips in the given examples. To facilitate the search for proper motion clips, a multi‐dimensional index structure based on posture parameters is proposed. Then a new motion with given textual description can be synthesized by converting the description sentences into a sequence of text normal forms and then concatenating the corresponding motion clips to form the desired motion. Moreover, to realize the smooth concatenation, we show that it can be achieved by finding an appropriate path in the proposed multi‐dimensional index space. Several experimental examples are given to demonstrate the proposed method is effective in synthesizing desired motions according to given descriptions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Editing noise
Authors: Yoon Jong‐Chul , Lee In‐Kwon , Choi Jung‐Ju
Published: June 2004

Noise is used to create realistic animations that look like natural phenomena as well as procedural textures and shapes by adding randomness to graphical applications. In this paper, we suggest a method to edit noise values to satisfy the constraints that reflect the user's demands while maintaining the inherent statistical features of the noise function. Noise editing uses optimization to minimize the difference between the statistical characteristics of the ideal and edited versions of a noise source. Using our editing method, detailed control of animation and shape data that include noise is possible. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavior development through task oriented discourse
Authors: Lee John R. , Williams Andrew B.
Published: June 2004

As digital human animation and simulation systems are coming into widespread use, scenario designers and digital animators must introduce specific tasks, procedures and animation sequences into a digital human's repertoire of capabilities. The parameterized action representation (PAR) architecture allows the animator to introduce dynamic behaviors through natural language instructions. However, this architecture lacks any natural language feedback which would allow the animator to deal with inconsistencies, incompleteness and conflicts within the behavior. In this paper we introduce an extension to a typical PAR architecture that provides that natural language feedback mechanism and define a set of task oriented discourses (TOD) that allow this mechanism to be used in synthesizing and managing behaviors. We demonstrate our behavior development techniques in two applications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time interactive volumetric animation of the heart's electrical cycle from automatically synchronized ECG
Authors: Ryan John , O'Sullivan Carol , Bell Christopher
Published: June 2004

We present a novel method for representing the electrical depolarisation and repolarisation of cardiac cells using real‐time volumetric animation techniques. The visual representation coincides with automatically synchronized electrocardiogram (ECG) input. Whilst other projects in similar fields use super‐computers or vastly complex cellular structures, one of the aims of this project is to simplify the process for real‐time optimization. The current techniques are being used in a teaching tool and also are being implemented in a myocardial infarction diagnostic tool. Cellular automata are used to demonstrate the electrical progression with a multi‐pass nearest‐neighbour algorithm and automatic ECG recognition and detection algorithms are used to synchronize the animation with the inputted ECG. We use texture‐based slices to represent the myocardial volume to improve speed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A design and analysis strategy for situations with uncontrolled raw material variation
Authors: Jørgensen Kjetil , Næs Tormod
Published: June 2004

To be able to control an industrial process, it is necessary to know the relationship between raw materials, process settings and end‐product results. In many situations the raw materials are highly complex and difficult to vary in a systematic way. This makes the use of standard experimental design techniques with a systematic variation in the variables difficult. To solve this, one might measure the raw materials at hand, but then the problem is to know what to measure. In this paper we present a general approach for such situations based on an experimental design in factors that are possible to control, a set up of raw material in blocks in combination with multivariate measurements (using FT‐IR) of the raw material. To analyse the results, we include these measurements as principal components of the spectra. The usefulness of the approach is demonstrated with an example from cheese production. It is shown that it is possible to obtain a model for the amount of ‘cheese fines’ (a yield loss parameter) based on this approach. The final model contains readily measurable information about the raw materials but is obtained without any prior hypothesis about their contribution. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A variable selection strategy for supervised classification with continuous spectroscopic data
Authors: Indahl Ulf , Næs Tormod
Published: June 2004

In this paper we present a new variable selection method designed for classification problems where the X data are discretely sampled from continuous curves. For such data the loading weight vectors of a PLS discriminant analysis inherit the continuous behaviour, making the idea of local peaks meaningful. For successive components the local peaks are checked for importance before entering the set of selected variables. Our examples with NIR/NIT show that substantial simplification of the X space can be obtained without loss of classification power when compared with ‘benchmark full‐spectrum’ methods. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some theoretical properties of the O‐PLS method
Authors: Verron Thomas , Sabatier Robert , Joffre Richard
Published: June 2004

The objective of this paper is to present new properties of the orthogonal projections to latent structures (O‐PLS) method developed by Trygg and Wold (J. Chemometrics 2002; 16: 119–128). The original orthogonal signal correction (OSC) filter of Wold et al. (Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. 1998; 44: 175–185) removes systematic variation from X that is unrelated to Y. O‐PLS is a more restrictive OSC filter. O‐PLS removes only systematic variation in X explained in each PLS component that is not correlated with Y. O‐PLS is a slight modification of the NIPALS PLS algorithm, which should make O‐PLS a generally applicable preprocessing and filtering method. The computation of the O‐PLS components under the constraint of being correlated with one PLS component imposes particular properties on the space spanned by the O‐PLS components. This paper is divided into two main sections. First we give an application of O‐PLS on near‐infrared reflectance spectra of soil samples, showing some graphical properties. Then we give the mathematical justifications of these properties. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Process monitoring for continuous process with periodic characteristics
Authors: Pan Yangdong , Yoo ChangKyoo , Lee Jay H. , Lee In‐Beum
Published: June 2004

Application of conventional statistical monitoring methods to periodic processes can result in frequent false alarms and/or missed faults due to the non‐stationary behavior seen over a period. To address this problem, we propose to identify and use a stochastic state space model that describes the statistical behavior of changes occurring from period to period. This model, when retooled as a periodically time‐varying model, can be used for on‐line monitoring and estimation with the aid of a Kalman filter. The same model can also be used for inferential estimation of the variables that are difficult or slow to measure on‐line. The proposed approach is applied to a simulation benchmark of a waste water treatment process, which exhibits strong diurnal changes in the feed stream, and is compared against the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) methods. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calculation of PLS prediction intervals using efficient recursive relations for the Jacobian matrix
Authors: Serneels Sven , Lemberge Pascal , Van Espen Pierre J.
Published: June 2004

Several algorithms to calculate the vector of regression coefficients and the Jacobian matrix for partial least squares regression have been published. Whereas many efficient algorithms to calculate the regression coefficients exist, algorithms to calculate the Jacobian matrix are inefficient. Here we introduce a new, efficient algorithm for the Jacobian matrix, thus making the calculation of prediction intervals via a local linearization of the PLS estimator more practicable. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐line batch fermentation process monitoring (NIR)—introducing ‘biological process time’
Authors: Jørgensen Pia , Pedersen Joan Grønkjær , Jensen Ejner Paaske , Esbensen Kim H.
Published: June 2004

On‐line near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy enables detailed monitoring of many important types of industrial fermentation processes to document progress and to ensure comparable end‐product quality. In this work a newly developed modification of multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) charts based on on‐line NIR allows easy and efficient identification of abnormal fermentation runs, even at an early stage of the fermentation, which is critical for industrial production monitoring. This study especially focuses on alignment of cultivations through usage of three different time concepts: absolute time, relative time and ‘biological process time’. For the investigated batch fermentation the absolute time concept for alignment is not acceptable. Using the relative time concept or the ‘biological process time’ concept gave similar possibilities for early warning of abnormal batch runs for completed runs. For on‐line use, however, the relative time concept cannot be used, which is the reason for our development and introduction of a new ‘biological process time’ concept. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of prediction sorting
Authors: Berget Ingunn , Næs Tormod
Published: June 2004

One of the major sources of unwanted variation in an industrial process is the raw material quality. However, if the raw materials are sorted into more homogeneous groups before production, each group can be treated differently. In this way the raw materials can be better utilized and the stability of the end product may be improved. Prediction sorting is a methodology for doing this. The procedure is founded on the fuzzy c‐means algorithm where the distance in the objective function is based on the predicted end product quality. Usually empirical models such as linear regression are used for predicting the end product quality. By using simulations and bootstrapping, this paper investigates how the uncertainties connected with empirical models affect the optimization of the splitting and the corresponding process variables. The results indicate that the practical consequences of uncertainties in regression coefficients are small. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using unclassified observations for improving classifiers
Authors: Berget Ingunn , Næs Tormod
Published: June 2004

Methodologies for updating a classifier using unclassified observations are discussed. The focus is on classifiers based on linear or quadratic discriminant analysis. A semi‐supervised clustering based on the Gustafson–Kessel algorithm for fuzzy clustering is carried out for all data, both classified and unclassified observations. The resulting fuzzy means and covariance matrices are used to update the classifier. It has formerly been shown that this methodology can reduce the misclassification rate. In this paper a modified approach is suggested for situations with errors in the data for the unclassified objects. To handle such situations, a noise cluster is introduced in the cluster analysis, and dubious points are allocated to this cluster. The proposed modifications are tested on simulated data. The results indicate that the misclassification rates are lower than or at the same level as with the original updating procedure. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monte Carlo cross‐validation for selecting a model and estimating the prediction error in multivariate calibration
Authors: Xu Qing‐Song , Liang Yi‐Zeng , Du Yi‐Ping
Published: June 2004

A new simple and effective method named Monte Carlo cross validation (MCCV) has been introduced and evaluated for selecting a model and estimating the prediction ability of the model selected. Unlike the leave‐one‐out procedure widely used in chemometrics for cross‐validation (CV), the Monte Carlo cross‐validation developed in this paper is an asymptotically consistent method of model selection. It can avoid an unnecessarily large model and therefore decreases the risk of overfitting of the model. The results obtained from a simulation study showed that MCCV has an obviously larger probability than leave‐one‐out CV (LOO‐CV) of selecting the model with best prediction ability and that a corrected MCCV (CMCCV) could give a more accurate estimation of prediction ability than LOO‐CV or MCCV. The results obtained with real data sets demonstrated that MCCV could successfully select an appropriate model and that CMCCV could assess the prediction ability of the selected model with satisfactory accuracy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations and Large‐Angle X‐ray Scattering (LAXS) Studies of the Solid‐State Structure and Assembly of Isotactic (R)‐Poly(2,2′‐dioxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐)phosphazene in the Bulk State and in the Cast Film
Authors: Carriedo Gabino A. , Alonso Francisco J. García , Alvarez José L. García , Lombardo Giuseppe M. , Pappalardo Giuseppe C. , Punzo Francesco
Published: June 2004

The intrachain conformation, molecular structure and interchain assembly of isotactic (R)‐poly(2,2′‐dioxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl)phosphazene (P‐DBNP) both in the bulk state (I) and in the cast film (II) were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of models, as implemented by a bias potential for the analysis of the radial distribution function (RDF) obtained from large‐angle X‐ray scattering (LAXS) data. The microscopic structure and order extension of the polymer changed from I to II, as qualitatively shown in the shapes of their experimentally measured RDF curves. With the use of a bias potential, the MD simulations provided a much more accurate analysis of the models, as seen in the reproduction of the RDFs. The chiral P‐DBNP chain was found to be consistent with helix conformations in both the I and the II samples. The predominant interchain clustering motif was best reproduced with a seven‐chain model. In the case of I, the maximum chain length was 18 monomeric R2NP units, while in the case of the cast film II the chain was more elongated, up to distances of approximately 100 Å, equivalent to over 48 monomeric R2NP units. The seven‐chain assembly was accounted for in terms of nonbonded interactions favouring the minimum voids area between the seven tubular structures of the material. The results validate our earlier finding that MD analysis with implementation of a biasing potential for the RDFs can provide quantitative information on the structural and conformational features of amorphous solids. The combined theoretical and experimental approach was found to be a useful tool to detect, locate and evaluate the intra‐ and intermolecular modifications of materials subsequent to their phase transformation and, as in the present case, changes in their microscopic structures or preparation methods.
Rationally Functionalized Deltahedral Zintl Ions: Synthesis and Characterization of [Ge9ER3]3−, [R3EGe9ER3]2−, and [R3EGe9Ge9ER3]4− (E=Ge, Sn; R=Me, Ph)
Authors: Ugrinov Angel , Sevov Slavi C.
Published: June 2004

Six new derivatized deltahedral Zintl ions have been synthesized by reactions between the known Zintl ions Ge9n− with the halides R3EX and/or the corresponding anions R3E− for E=Ge or Sn. This rational approach is based on our previous discovery that these derivatization reactions are based on nucleophilic addition to the clusters. All species were structurally characterized as their salts with potassium countercations sequestered in 2,2,2‐crypt or [18]crown‐6 ether. The tin‐containing anions were characterized also in solutions by 119Sn NMR spectroscopy. The reaction types for such substitutions and the structures of the new anions are discussed.
A New System in Organooxotin Cluster Chemistry Incorporating Inorganic and Organic Spacers between Two Ladders Each Containing Five Tin Atoms
Authors: Zheng Guo‐Li , Ma Jian‐Fang , Yang Jin , Li Yin‐Yan , Hao Xiang‐Rong
Published: June 2004

Hydrolysis of dibenzyltin dichloride in ethanol has been found to give an unprecedented carbonate anion (CO32−)‐bridged double‐ladder organooxotin cluster, [(R2SnO)3(R2SnOH)2(CO3)]2 (1, R = C6H5CH2), with five tin atoms in each ladder. With the aim of obtaining organooxotin clusters with large cavities suitable for host–guest chemistry, we used 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (H2La) and hexanedioic acid (H2Lb) to replace the carbonate anions (CO32−), and thereby clusters [(R2SnO)3(R2SnOH)2La]2 (2) and [(R2SnO)3(R2SnOH)2Lb]2 (3) were obtained. When 1 was treated with benzoic acid (HLc) in different stoichiometric ratios (1:4, 1:10), ladder cluster (R2SnO)3(R2SnOH)2(Lc)2 (4) and drum cluster [RSn(O)Lc]6 (5) were obtained. Through the hydrolysis of Cy2SnCl2 (Cy = C6H11) and (C6H5CH2)2SnCl2, two interesting ethanolate‐modified clusters [Cy2(C2H5O)SnOSn(C2H5O)Cy2]2 (6) and [(R2SnO)3(R2SnOH)(R2SnOC2H5)(CO3)]2 (7) were obtained. All the tin atoms in these ladder clusters are five‐coordinate surrounded by two alkyl groups and three O atoms, and have distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal coordination environments with two carbon atoms and one O atom in the equatorial positions and two O atoms in the axial positions. The structures of all these compounds have been established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses.
Two‐Dimensional Metallic Chain Compounds Y5M2Te2 (M: Fe, Co, Ni) that Are Related to Gd3MnI3. The Hydride Derivative Y5Ni2Te2D0.4.
Authors: Maggard Paul A. , Corbett John D.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Large‐Size Diamonds by Reduction of Dense Carbon Dioxide with Alkali Metals (K, Li).
Authors: Lou Zhengsong , Chen Qianwang , Zhang Yufeng , Qian Yitai , Wang Wei
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Helices in the Layered Aluminophosphate (C2H8N)2 [Al2(HPO4)(PO4)2].
Authors: Song Yu , Yu Jihong , Li Yi , Li Guanghua , Xu Ruren
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two Metalloid Ga22 Clusters Containing a Novel Ga22 Core with an Icosahedral Ga12 Center.
Authors: Schnepf Andreas , Koeppe Ralf , Weckert Edgar , Schnoeckel Hansgeorg
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sb8(GaCl4)2: Isolation of a Homopolyatomic Antimony Cation.
Authors: Lindsjoe Martin , Fischer Andreas , Kloo Lars
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isolation of Intermediate‐Valent Ce(III)/Ce(IV) Hydrolysis Products in the Preparation of Cerium Iodates: Electronic and Structural Aspects of Ce2(IO3)6(OHx) (x ≈ 0 and 0.44).
Authors: Sykora Richard E. , Deakin Laura , Mar Arthur , Skanthakumar S. , Soderholm L. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[C6N2H14]0.5× [MnAl3(PO4)4(H2O)2]: A Manganese(II)‐Substituted Aluminophosphate with AFN Topology.
Authors: Shi Lei , Li Jiyang , Yu Jihong , Li Yi , Ding Hong , Xu Ruren
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Amino Acid and Amide Derivatives by Catalytic Conjugate Addition of Aromatic Amines to N‐Alkenoylcarbamates.
Authors: Li Kelin , Cheng Xiaohui , Hii King Kuok
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New β‐Amino Alcohols with a Bicyclo[3.3.0]octane Scaffold in an Asymmetric Henry Reaction.
Authors: Zhong Yu‐Wu , Tian Ping , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regiodivergent Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation of Fused Ketone Substrates by Recombinant Whole‐Cells Expressing Two Monooxygenases from Brevibacterium.
Authors: Mihovilovic Marko D. , Kapitan Peter
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of Chloronaphthoquinones with Phenylhydrazones as Azaenamines in Pyridine.
Authors: Berghot M. A. , Badawy D. S.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improvement of Selectivity in the Fries Rearrangement and Direct Acylation Reactions by Means of P2O5/SiO2 under Microwave Irradiation in Solvent‐Free Media.
Authors: Eshghi Hossein , Rafie Mohammad , Gordi Zinat , Bohloli Moosa
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Negishi and Kumada Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Walla Peter , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[3 + 2] Cycloreversion of Bicyclo[m.3.0]alkan‐3‐on‐2‐yl‐1‐oxonium Ylides to Alkenyloxyketenes. Stereospecific Aspect.
Authors: Oku Akira , Sawada Yuichi , Schroeder Marc , Higashikubo Ichiro , Yoshida Tomohiro , Ohki Shigeji
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidative Fragmentations of Some Azolyl Ketones and Related Compounds Induced by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate (CAN).
Authors: Bertha Ferenc , Giang Le Thanh , Fetter Jozsef , Kajtar‐Peredy Maria , Lempert Karoly , Czira Gabor
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Investigation into the Allylation Reactions of Aldehydes Promoted by the CeCl3×7H2O—NaI System as a Lewis Acid.
Authors: Bartoli Giuseppe , Bosco Marcella , Giuliani Arianna , Marcantoni Enrico , Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino , Sambri Letizia
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ring‐Closing Metathesis Toward the Synthesis of 2,5‐Dihydrofuran and 2,5‐Dihydropyrrole Skeletons from Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Kim Jeong Mi , Lee Ka Young , Lee Sangku , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rapid and Efficient Oxidative Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids with Sodium Periodate Catalyzed by Manganese(III) Schiff Base Complexes.
Authors: Mirkhani Valiollah , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Moghadam Majid , Moghbel Maryam
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Step Facile Synthesis of Deuterium Labeled Aldehydes from Tertiary Amides Using Cp2Zr(D)Cl.
Authors: Spletstoser Jared T. , White Jonathan M. , Georg Gunda I.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The First General Method for α‐Trifluoromethylation of Carboxylic Acids Using BrF3.
Authors: Hagooly Aviv , Rozen Shlomo
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Trimethylsilyl Fluorosulfonyldifluoroacetate (TFDA): A New, Highly Efficient Difluorocarbene Reagent.
Authors: Dolbier William R. Jr. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclopropyl Fatty Acids Implicate a Radical but not a Cation as an Intermediate in P450BM3‐Catalyzed Hydroxylations.
Authors: Cryle Max J. , Stuthe Julia M. U. , Ortiz de Montellano Paul R. , De Voss James J.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Transfer Hydrogenation of Azo Compounds to Hydrazo Compounds and Anilines by Using Raney Nickel and Hydrazinium Monoformate.
Authors: Prasad H. S. , Gowda Shankare , Gowda D. Channe
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Aryl Ketones by the Pd‐Catalyzed C—H Activation of Arenes and Intermolecular Carbopalladation of Nitriles.
Authors: Zhou Chengxiang , Larock Richard C.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Concise Synthesis of Dihydrochalcones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Halides and 1‐Aryl‐2‐propen‐1‐ols.
Authors: Briot Anne , Baehr Corinne , Brouillard Raymond , Wagner Alain , Mioskowski Charles
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regiospecific Synthesis of Symmetrical (1E,3E) 2,3‐Difluoro‐1,4‐diphenyl‐buta‐1,3‐dienes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of (Z) 2‐Bromo‐2‐fluoroethenylbenzenes in Presence of Bis(pinacolato)diboron.
Authors: Eddarir Said , Rolando Christian
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile and Selective Copper—Palladium Catalyzed Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Activated Alkynes in Water.
Authors: Chen Liang , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Chiral Sulfonato—Salen—Manganese(III) Complex in a Zinc—Aluminum LDH Host.
Authors: Bhattacharjee Samiran , Anderson James A.
Published: June 2004

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Direct Epoxidation of Propylene by Molecular Oxygen over a Catalyst System Containing Palladium and a Peroxo‐Heteropoly Compound in Methanol.
Authors: Liu Yanyong , Murata Kazuhisa , Inaba Megumu
Published: June 2004

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An Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Halo‐5‐hydroxyfuran‐2(5H)‐ones via the Sequential Halolactonization and γ‐Hydroxylation of 4‐Aryl‐2,3‐alkadienoic Acids.
Authors: Ma Shengming , Wu Bin , Shi Zhangjie
Published: June 2004

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A Highly Efficient Procedure for 3‐Sulfenylation of Indole‐2‐carboxylates.
Authors: Schlosser Kevin M. , Krasutsky Alexei P. , Hamilton Harriet W. , Reed Jessica E. , Sexton Karen
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of an Efficient Procedure for Indole Ring Synthesis from 2‐Ethynylaniline Derivatives Catalyzed by Cu(II) Salts and Its Application to Natural Product Synthesis.
Authors: Hiroya Kou , Itoh Shin , Sakamoto Takao
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Amination of Pyrrole and Indole Heterocycles with Monochloramine (NH2Cl).
Authors: Hynes John Jr. , Doubleday Wendel W. , Dyckman Alaric J. , Godfrey Jollie D. Jr. , Grosso John A. , Kiau Susanne , Leftheris Katerina
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 3‐(4‐Pyrazolyl)propenoic Acids.
Authors: Chornous Vitaliy O. , Bratenko Mykhaylo K. , Vovk Mykhaylo V.
Published: June 2004

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New Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids Based on Perfluoroalkyltrifluoroborate Anions.
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Bin , Takeda Masayuki , Ue Makoto
Published: June 2004

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2,4‐Dinitroimidazole: Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Use in Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐6‐nitroimidazo[2,1b]oxazole Analogues with Antimycobacterial Activity.
Authors: Bhaumik Kankan , Akamanchi K. G.
Published: June 2004

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Chiral DBFOX/Ph Complex Catalyzed Enantioselective Nitrone Cycloadditions to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Shirahase Moto , Kanemasa Shuji , Oderaotoshi Yoji
Published: June 2004

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Fluorinated Heterocyclic Compounds — The First Example of an Irreversible Ring‐Degenerate Rearrangement on Five‐Membered Heterocycles by Attack of an External Bidentate Nucleophile.
Authors: Buscemi Silvestre , Pace Andrea , Pibiri Ivana , Vivona Nicolo , Lanza Camilla Zaira , Spinelli Domenico
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of Azomethylene Derivatives of 4‐Chloro‐5H‐1,2,3‐dithiazole.
Authors: Yarovenko Vladimir N. , Es'kov Andrey A. , Zatonsky George V. , Zavarzin Igor V. , Krayushkin Mikhail M. , Averkiev Boris B. , Antipin Mikhail Yu.
Published: June 2004

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Highly Substituted Pyridines via Tethered Imine—Enamine (TIE) Methodology.
Authors: Raw Steven A. , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of Novel Mesoionic [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridin‐4‐ium‐2‐thiolates with Antibacterial Activity.
Authors: Basyouni Wahid M. , El‐Bayouki Khairy A. M. , Hosni Hanaa M.
Published: June 2004

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Radical Cyclizations to Quinolone and Isoquinolone Systems under Oxidative and Reductive Conditions.
Authors: Osornio Yazmin M. , Miranda Luis D. , Cruz‐Almanza Raymundo , Muchowski Joseph M.
Published: June 2004

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1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of 4‐Halophenylphthalazinium Ylides to Activated Alkenes and Alkynes.
Authors: Caprosu Maria C. , Zbancioc Gheorghita N. , Moldoveanu Costel C. , Mangalagiu Ionel I.
Published: June 2004

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Metallo‐Aldehyde Enolates via Enal Hydrogenation: Catalytic Cross Aldolization with Glyoxal Partners as Applied to the Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted Pyridazines.
Authors: Marriner Gwendolyn A. , Garner Susan A. , Jang Hye‐Young , Krische Michael J.
Published: June 2004

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Tunable Carbon—Carbon and Carbon—Sulfur Cross‐Coupling of Boronic Acids with 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidine‐2‐thiones.
Authors: Lengar Alenka , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: June 2004

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Quinoxaline Chemistry. Part 17. Methyl [4‐(Substituted‐2‐quinoxalinyloxy)phenyl]acetates and Ethyl N‐{[4‐(Substituted‐2‐quinoxalinyloxy)phenyl]acetyl}glutamates Analogues of Methotrexate: Synthesis and Evaluation of in vitro Anticancer Activity.
Authors: Piras Sandra , Loriga Mario , Paglietti Giuseppe
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Indano[1,2‐d][1,3]oxazines and Thiazines, New Ring Systems.
Authors: Palko Marta , Hetenyi Anasztazia , Fueluep Ferenc
Published: June 2004

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Studies into the Synthesis of Azolopyrrolidinobenzodiazepinones and Related Compounds. Oxidative Cyclizations, Oxidative Fragmentations and Oxidative Rearrangements in the Reactions of Azolylmethyl‐N‐phenyl‐lactams and Related Compounds with Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate.
Authors: Bertha Ferenc , Giang Le Thanh , Fetter Jozsef , Kajtar‐Peredy Maria , Lempert Karoly , Nagy Ildiko , Czira Gabor
Published: June 2004

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A Novel Conversion of erythro Phospholane Epoxides to One‐Carbon Atom Homologated Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Reddy Valluru Krishna , Haritha Buchammagari , Oshikawa Tatsuo , Yamashita Mitsuji
Published: June 2004

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Reaction of Acetic Acid 2‐Selenoxo‐2H‐pyridin‐1‐yl Esters with Benzynes: A Convenient Route to Benzo[b]seleno[2,3‐b]pyridines.
Authors: Rao U. Narasimha , Sathunuru Ramadas , Maguire John A. , Biehl Ed
Published: June 2004

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Short and Efficient Preparation of Alkynyl Selenides, Sulfides and Tellurides from Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Bieber Lothar W. , da Silva Margarete F. , Menezes Paulo H.
Published: June 2004

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2‐Iodoxybenzenesulfamides: New Pseudobenziodoxole‐Based Hypervalent Iodine Reagents.
Authors: Koposov Alexey Y. , Litvinov Dmitry N. , Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: June 2004

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Lithiation of N‐Boc‐Protected Ferrocenylalkylamines: Preparation of Unsymmetrical 1,1′‐Disubstituted Ferrocenes.
Authors: Chong J. Michael , Hegedus Louis S.
Published: June 2004

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Quivisianthone, an Evodulone Limonoid from the Madagascan Meliaceae Quivisia papinae.
Authors: Coombes Philip H. , Mulholland Dulcie A. , Randrianarivelojosia Milijaona
Published: June 2004

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Alkylation of Pyrrolidine‐2,5‐dione with 2‐(3,4‐Dihydro‐1‐naphthalenyl)ethyl‐4‐methylphenylsulfonates: A New and General Approach to 13‐Aza‐8,9‐dehydro‐3‐desoxy‐18‐norestrone Analogues.
Authors: Ramana M. M. V. , Parihar J. A. , Jaiswar M. M.
Published: June 2004

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Enteridinines A and B from Slime Mold Enteridium lycoperdon
Authors: Rezanka Tomas , Dvorakova Radmila , Hanus Lumir O. , Dembitsky Valery M.
Published: June 2004

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Lasianthionosides A—C, Megastigmane Glucosides from Leaves of Lasianthus fordii
Authors: Takeda Yoshio , Shimizu Hideko , Masuda Toshiya , Hirata Eiji , Shinzato Takakazu , Bando Masahiko , Otsuka Hideaki
Published: June 2004

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Glycosylthiomethyl Chloride: A New Species for S‐Neoglycoconjugate Synthesis. Synthesis of 1‐N‐Glycosylthiomethyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Zhu Xiangming , Schmidt Richard R.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of Acrimarins from 1,3,5‐Trioxygenated‐9‐acridone Derivatives.
Authors: Herath H. M. T. B. , Mueller K. , Diyabalanage H. V. K.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of the New Mannosidase Inhibitors, Diversity‐Oriented 5‐Substituted Swainsonine Analogues, via Stereoselective Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Fujita Tomoya , Nagasawa Hideko , Uto Yoshihiro , Hashimoto Toshihiro , Asakawa Yoshinori , Hori Hitoshi
Published: June 2004

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New Pentacyclic Polyketide Dimeric Peroxides from a Taiwanese Marine Sponge Petrosia elastica.
Authors: Shen Ya Ching , Prakash Chaturvedula V. Sai , Guh Jih‐Hwa
Published: June 2004

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Ascosonchine, the Enol Tautomer of 4‐Pyridylpyruvic Acid with Herbicidal Activity Produced by Ascochyta sonchi
Authors: Evidente Antonio , Andolfi Anna , Abouzeid Mohamed A. , Vurro Maurizio , Zonno Maria Chiara , Motta Andrea
Published: June 2004

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Total Synthesis of (+)‐Tanikolide via Oxidation Lactonization.
Authors: Schomaker Jennifer M. , Borhan Babak
Published: June 2004

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Fe—La—Ni (Iron—Lanthanum—Nickel)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: June 2004

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Actinide Materials Research Supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
Authors: Morss Lester R.
Published: June 2004

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Recent Advances in Nanomagnetism and Spin Electronics
Authors: Bobo J. F. , Gabillet L. , Bibes M.
Published: June 2004

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Zeolites
Authors: Grey Clare P.
Published: June 2004

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Ce—Fe—P (Cerium—Iron—Phosphorus)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: June 2004

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The Spin Liquid State of the Tb2Ti2O7 Pyrochlore Antiferromagnet: A Puzzling State of Affairs
Authors: Enjalran M. , Gingras M. J. P. , Kao Y‐J. , Del Maestro A. , Molavian H. R.
Published: June 2004

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Noncoordinating Anions — Fact or Fiction? A Survey of Likely Candidates.
Authors: Krossing Ingo , Raabe Ines
Published: June 2004

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Recent Developments in the Synthetic and Structural Chemistry of Lithium Zincates
Authors: Wheatley Andrew E. H.
Published: June 2004

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Complexes of Copper in Unstable Oxidation States
Authors: Popova T. V. , Aksenova N. V.
Published: June 2004

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Arenetricarbonylchromium Complexes: ipso, cine, tele Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions
Authors: Rose‐Munch Francoise , Rose Eric
Published: June 2004

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Biocatalytic Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols
Authors: Kroutil Wolfgang , Mang Harald , Edegger Klaus , Faber Kurt
Published: June 2004

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Oxidations Catalyzed by Metallocorroles
Authors: Gross Zeev , Gray Harry B.
Published: June 2004

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Alditols and Cyclitols
Authors: Ferrier R. J.
Published: June 2004

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Branched‐Chain Sugars
Authors: Ferrier R. J.
Published: June 2004

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Ethers and Anhydro Sugars
Authors: Ferrier R. J.
Published: June 2004

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Density Functional Studies of Iridium‐Catalyzed Alkane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Hall Michael B. , Fan Hua‐Jun
Published: June 2004

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A Systematic Approach to the Varied Roles of Transition Metals in Metallaborane Chemistry
Authors: Fehlner Thomas P.
Published: June 2004

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The Ring Transformation of 3‐Methyl‐5‐nitropyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one
Authors: Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Tamura Mina , Hori Kazushige , Tohda Yasuo , Ariga Masahiro
Published: June 2004

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Synthetic Studies on V‐ATPase Inhibiting Macrolide Antibiotics
Authors: Toshima Kazunobu
Published: June 2004

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Allenic Compounds and Isothiocyanates as Key Building Units in the Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Brandsma Lambert , Nedolya Nina A.
Published: June 2004

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Soil Lead Bioavailability and in situ Remediation of Lead‐Contaminated Soils
Authors: Hettiarachchi Ganga M. , Pierzynski Gary M.
Published: June 2004

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Molecular Shape, Dimensions, and Shape Selective Catalysis
Authors: Tasi Gyula , Palinko Istvan , Molnar Arpad , Hannus Istvan
Published: June 2004

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Chiral Nanostructures at Metal Surfaces: A New Viewpoint on Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Raval R.
Published: June 2004

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Reactivity Descriptors
Authors: Chattaraj P. K. , Nath S. , Maiti B.
Published: June 2004

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Molecular Electrostatic Potentials
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S.
Published: June 2004

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Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy: A New Tool for the Stereochemical Characterization of Chiral Molecules
Authors: Stephens Philip J.
Published: June 2004

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Charge Inversion Mass Spectrometry: Dissociation of Resonantly Neutralized Molecules
Authors: Hayakawa Shigeo
Published: June 2004

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Syntheses and Structures of Compounds with YBaCo4O7‐Type Structure.
Authors: Valldor Martin
Published: June 2004

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Chiral Aminophosphine—Oxazoline Auxiliaries Applied to Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,4‐Additions to Enones.
Authors: Blanc Catherine , Agbossou‐Niedercorn Francine
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of Enantiopure β‐Azidoalcohols from Their Ketoazides by Reduction with NaBH4 in the Presence of Alumina and in situ Lipase Resolution.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Shaik Ahmad Ali , Sandbhor Mahendra , Malik M. Shaheer
Published: June 2004

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Further Observations on the Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Hydrosilylation‐Intramolecular Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Freiria Marta , Whitehead Andrew J. , Tocher Derek A. , Motherwell William B.
Published: June 2004

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Reaction of Polyfluoro‐3‐chloro(bromo)‐1‐butenes with Sodium Hypohalites and Properties of Epoxides Derived Therefrom.
Authors: Zapevalov A. Ya. , Filyakova T. I. , Kodess M. I. , Saloutin V. I.
Published: June 2004

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Behavior of Allylamines in the System KOH‐DMSO.
Authors: Musorin G. K.
Published: June 2004

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A Novel Multicomponent Reaction Involving Isocyanide, Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD), and Electrophilic Styrenes: Facile Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopentadienes.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Menon Rajeev S. , Beneesh P. B. , Sreekumar V. , Bindu S.
Published: June 2004

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Chiral exo‐Alkylidenecyclopentanes from (1S,4R)‐7,7‐Dimethyl‐1‐vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan‐2‐one.
Authors: Vostrikov N. S. , Abutkov A. V. , Vasikov V. Z. , Miftakhov M. S.
Published: June 2004

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2‐Aminoethanols in Transacetalization Reactions.
Authors: Kukharev B. F. , Stankevich V. K. , Kukhareva V. A.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of Some Substituted 5,6,11,12‐Tetrahydrodibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene Derivatives Through the Intermediacy of Tricarbonyl(η6‐arene)chromium Complexes.
Authors: Zenouz A. Moshtaghi
Published: June 2004

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Reduction of Nitrosoarenes into Anilines by Al/NH4Cl in Refluxing Methanol.
Authors: Nagaraja D. , Pasha M. A.
Published: June 2004

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Rhodium‐Catalyzed and Sonication‐Accelerated Addition of Aryltin and Aryllead Reagents to Imines in Air and Water.
Authors: Ding Rui , Zhao Cui Huo , Chen Yong Jun , Liu Li , Wang Dong , Li Chao Jun
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis and Chemical Transformations of 9‐(2‐Propynyl)tetracyclo [6.2.1.13,6.02,7]dodec‐4‐ene.
Authors: Gakhramanov F. R.
Published: June 2004

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