bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A displaced lower mantle source of the Hainan plume in South China revealed by receiver function imaging of the CEArray
Authors: Zhang Yan , Niu Fenglin , Ning Jieyuan , Yu Chunquan
Published: September 2023

We analyzed 49,592 teleseismic receiver functions recorded by 278
CEArray stations to image the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath the
South China Block to understand origins of deep velocity anomalies and
their potential links to subduction and intraplate volcanism. We
employed a fast-marching method and a high-resolution 3-D velocity model
(FWEA18) derived from full waveform inversion in computing P-to-S
conversion times to better image the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities.
Our results indicate that the common-conversion-point stacking of
receiver functions using 3-D conversion times yielded better migration
images of the two discontinuities. The images revealed a slightly
depressed 410-km with a few small uplifted patches, and showed that the
660-km beneath the western Yangtze Craton is depressed by 10-25 km,
which is likely caused by the stagnant Paleo-Pacific slab. The 660-km
beneath the southern Cathaysia Block has a 5-15 km high plateau with a
topographic low at its central part. The lateral dimension of the
topographic low is ~150 km and located beneath the
central Pearl River Mount Basin near Hong Kong. We speculate the
topographic low occurs within the Hainan plume with a temperature excess
of ~300-400 K and is caused by the garnet phase
transition. The displaced deep plume enters the MTZ and spreads nearly
horizontally at the base. The plume evolves into two channels with a
minor one toward the northeast and a major one toward the southwest,
which keep moving upward to the 410-km. The southwest channel is likely
the source that feeds the Hainan volcanoes.
Solar Wind with Field Lines and Energetic Particles (SOFIE) Model: Application to Historical Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Sokolov Igor V. , Gombosi Tamas I. , Lario David , Whitman Kathryn , Huang Zhenguang , Toth Gabor , IV Ward Beecher Manchester , Holst Bartholomeus van der , Sachdeva Nishtha
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we demonstrate the applicability of the data-driven and
self-consistent solar energetic particle model, Solar-wind with
FIeld-lines and Energetic-particles (SOFIE), to simulate acceleration
and transport processes of solar energetic particles. SOFIE model is
built upon the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) developed at the
University of Michigan. In SOFIE, the background solar wind plasma in
the solar corona and interplanetary space is calculated by the
Aflv\’en Wave Solar-atmosphere Model(-Realtime) (AWSoM-R)
driven by the near-real-time hourly updated Global Oscillation Network
Group (GONG) solar magnetograms. In the background solar wind, coronal
mass ejections (CMEs) are launched by placing an imbalanced magnetic
flux rope on top of the parent active region, using the Eruptive Event
Generator using Gibson-Low model (EEGGL). The acceleration and transport
processes are modeled by the Multiple-Field-Line Advection Model for
Particle Acceleration (M-FLAMPA). In this work, nine solar energetic
particle events (Solar Heliospheric and INterplanetary Environment
(SHINE) challenge/campaign events) are modeled. The three modules in
SOFIE are validated and evaluated by comparing with observations,
including the steady-state background solar wind properties, the
white-light image of the CME, and the flux of solar energetic protons,
at energies of $\ge$ 10 MeV.
b-more-incomplete and b-more-positive: Insights on A Robust Estimator of Magnitude Distribution
Authors: Lippiello Eugenio , Petrillo Giuseppe
Published: September 2023

The $b$-value in earthquake magnitude-frequency distribution
quantifies the relative frequency of large versus small earthquakes.
Monitoring its evolution could provide fundamental insights into
temporal variations of stress on different fault patches. However,
genuine $b$-value changes are often difficult to distinguish from
artificial ones induced by temporal variations of the detection
threshold.A highly innovative and effective solution to this issue has recently
been proposed by van der Elst (2021) by means of the b-positive
estimator, which is based on analyzing only the positive differences in
magnitude between successive earthquakes.Here, we demonstrate the robustness of the estimator, which remains
largely unaffected by detection issues due to the properties of
conditional probability. We illustrate that this robustness can be
further improved by considering positive differences in magnitude, not
only between successive earthquakes but also between different pairs of
earthquakes. This generalized approach, defined as the “b-more-positive
estimator,” enhances efficiency by providing a precise estimate of the
$b$-value while including a larger number of earthquakes from an
incomplete catalog. However, our analysis reveals that the accuracy of
the $b$ estimators diminishes when earthquakes below the completeness
threshold are included in the catalog. This leads to the paradoxical
observation that greater efficiency is achieved when the catalog is more
incomplete. To address this, we introduce the “b-more-incomplete
estimator”, where the b-more-positive estimator is applied only after
artificially filtering the instrumental catalog to make it more
incomplete. Our findings show the superior efficiency of the
b-more-incomplete method.
Regional inversion shows promise in capturing extreme-event-driven CO2 flux anomalies but is limited by atmospheric CO2 observational coverage
Authors: Byrne Brendan , Liu Junjie , Bowman Kevin W. , Yin Yi , Yun Jeongmin , Ferreira Gabriel , Ogle Stephen , Baskaran Latha , He Liyin , Li Xing , Xiao Jingfeng , Davis Kenneth J.
Published: September 2023

Extreme climate events are becoming more frequent, with poorly
understood implications for carbon sequestration by terrestrial
ecosystems. A better understanding will critically depend on accurate
and precise quantification of ecosystems responses to these events.
Taking the 2019 US Midwest floods as a case study, we investigate
current capabilities for tracking regional flux anomalies with
“top-down” inversion analyses that assimilate atmospheric CO2
observations. For this analysis, we develop a regionally nested version
of the NASA Carbon Monitoring System-Flux (CMS-Flux) that allows high
resolution atmospheric transport (0.5° × 0.625°) over a North America
domain. Relative to a 2018 baseline, we find US Midwest growing season
net carbon uptake is reduced by 11-57 TgC (3-16%) for 2019 (inversion
mean estimates across experiments). These estimates are found to be
consistent with independent “bottom-up” estimates of carbon uptake
based on vegetation remote sensing. We then investigate current
limitations in tracking regional carbon emissions and removals by
ecosystems using “top-down” methods. In a set of observing system
simulation experiments, we show that the ability to recover regional
carbon flux anomalies is still limited by observational coverage gaps
for both in situ and satellite observations. Future space-based missions
that allow for daily observational coverage across North America would
largely mitigate these observational gaps, allowing for improved
top-down estimates of ecosystem responses to extreme climate events.
“Seeing” beneath the clouds - machine-learning-based reconstruction of North African dust events
Authors: Kanngießer Franz , Fiedler Stephanie
Published: September 2023

Mineral dust is one of the most abundant atmospheric aerosol species and
has various far-reaching effects on the climate system and adverse
impacts on air quality. Satellite observations can provide
spatio-temporal information on dust emission and transport pathways.
However, satellite observations of dust plumes are frequently obscured
by clouds. We use a method based on established, machine-learning-based
image in-painting techniques to restore the spatial extent of dust
plumes for the first time. We train an artificial neural net (ANN) on
modern reanalysis data paired with satellite-derived cloud masks. The
trained ANN is applied to gray-scaled and cloud-masked false-color
daytime images for dust aerosols from 2021 and 2022, obtained from the
SEVIRI instrument onboard the Meteosat Second Generation satellite. We
find up to 15 \% of summertime observations in West
Africa and 10 \% of summertime observations in Nubia by
satellite images miss dust events due to cloud cover. The diurnal and
seasonal patterns in the reconstructed dust occurrence frequency are
consistent with known dust emission and transport processes. We use the
new dust-plume data to validate the operational forecasts provided by
the WMO Dust Regional Center in Barcelona from a novel perspective. The
comparison elucidates often similar dust plume patterns in the forecasts
and the satellite-based reconstruction, but the latter computation is
substantially faster. Our proposed reconstruction provides a new
opportunity for validating dust aerosol transport in numerical weather
models and Earth system models. It can be adapted to other aerosol
species and trace gases.
Searching for partial ruptures in Parkfield
Authors: Turner Alice R , Hawthorne Jessica Cleary , Cattania Camilla
Published: September 2023

Repeating earthquakes repeatedly rupture the same fault asperities,
which are likely loaded to failure by surrounding aseismic slip.
However, repeaters occur less often than would be expected if these
earthquakes accommodate all of the long-term slip on the asperities.
Here we assess a possible explanation for this slip discrepancy: partial
ruptures. On asperities that are much larger than the nucleation radius,
a fraction of the slip could be accommodated by smaller ruptures on the
same asperities. We search for partial ruptures of repeating earthquakes
in Parkfield using the Northern California earthquakes catalogue. We
find 3991 individual repeaters which have 4468 partial ruptures. The
presence of partial ruptures suggests that asperities of repeating
earthquakes are much larger than the nucleation radius. However, we find
that partial ruptures could accommodate only around 25% of the slip on
repeating earthquake patches. A 25% increase in the slip budget can
explain only a small portion of the long recurrence intervals of
repeating earthquakes.
Response of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Seed Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Irrigated Bread Wheat in the lowlands of Eastern and South Eastern of Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors:   Fitche Agricultural Research Center P.O. Box, 109, Fitche, Ethiopia, Biri Alemayehu , Tadesse Fikadu ,   Fadis Agricultural Research Center P.O. Box, 904 Harar, Ethiopia, Mengistu Girma ,   Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 81265, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Meleta Tamiru ,   Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 208, Bale Robe, Ethiopia, Bogale Mengistu ,   Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 208, Bale Robe, Ethiopia, Balcha Urgaya ,   Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Batu, Ethiopia, Dinsa Temesgen ,   Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Batu, Ethiopia
Published: September 2023

The main factors responsible for low yield are less or more plant population and inadequate crop nutrition. As the plant density increases, the competition for resources especially for nitrogen also increases that badly affects the ultimate yield. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at five multi-location of lowlands of Oromia in three zones, Bale (Dalomena and Sawena), East Shewa (AdamiTulu and Lume), and East Hararghe (Bedeno) districts in 2020/2021 off-season to investigate the response of nitrogen and seeding rates on the growth, yield and yield components of bread wheat variety under irrigation. The treatments consisted of five rates of nitrogen 0, 23, 46, 69, 92 kg ha-1 and three seed rates (125, 150 and 175 kg/ha) of Kakaba variety. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the parameters studied. The results of this study revealed that the soil was improved in little beat in PH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus. The combined effects of nitrogen and seed rates significantly influenced the irrigated bread wheat growth parameters. However, nitrogen had more profound effects in enhancing the growth response of the crop than seeding rates. The combined mean effect of the nitrogen and seed rates was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, seed per spike, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index, whereas, significantly not influenced total tiller per plant, effective tiller per plant and thousand grain weight. The results showed that the maximum grain yield and harvest index were recorded at a seeding rate of 150 kg ha-1 with nitrogen rates of 92 N ha-1 and also at 125 kg ha-1 and 69kg N ha-1. Biological yield recorded at a seeding rate of 175 kg/ha with nitrogen rates of 69 kg N ha-1. The economic analysis also revealed that for a treatment to be considered worthwhile to farmers (100% marginal rate of return), application of 69 kg N ha-1 with 125 kg seed rate N are profitable and recommended for farmers in the study area and similar agro-ecologies.
Response Influence of Sowing Dates Impact Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Infestation in Cucumber Crops (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors:   Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki- Giza, Egypt, Wahsh Ahmed M. , Awadalla Samir S. ,   Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt, El-Serfi Hala A. K. ,   Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt, El-Hariry Magdy A. ,   Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki- Giza, Egypt
Published: September 2023

The experiment conducted in a private cucumber field, Ibshway Center, Fayoum governorate, Egypt aimed to assess the influence of sowing dates on the infestation of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) in cucumber crops (Cucumis sativus L.). The study was carried out over two consecutive years, namely 2018 and 2019. During this period involved three planting dates were considered, namely March, August, and October. Weekly B. tabaci counts were recorded and compared across the different planting dates. According to the results, B. tabaci reached the highest peak of abundance in March sowing date in the second week of May 2018 and in the fourth week of April 2019 and presented by 825 and 1086 individuals/sample, respectively. While, in August sowing date, B. tabaci recorded the highest peak of abundance in the second week of October 2018 and in the third week of October 2019 and presented by 1432 and 1656 individuals/sample, respectively. August sowing date recorded the highest percentage of B. tabaci dominance during the two years 2018 and 2019 and presented by 50.6 and 48.9%, respectively. March sowing date recorded the lowest percentage of B. tabaci dominance during the two years 2018 and 2019 and presented by 23.7 and 25.3%, respectively.
Evaluation of the effect of Ag- doping ZnO microstructure on optical and structural properties and application in photocatalytic properties
Authors: Hussain Nedal Ali , Dakhil Osama AbdulAzeez , Abbas Luma Y.
Published: September 2023

The chemical bath deposition technique was successful in producing silver-doped ZnO thin films. On the glass substrates, pure and silver-doped ZnO thin films have been deposited. By using a variety of sophisticated techniques, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), UV-vis spectrophotometer, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, the generated pure and Ag-doped ZnO thin films were studied. According to X-ray analysis, Ag-doped ZnO crystallized as a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preference for growth in the (002) planes, the pure and Ag-doped ZnO's hexagonal wurtzite structures provided evidence for the microparticles' luminescent characteristics. The analysis of the methylene blue degradation revealed that the best photocatalytic response was displayed by the doped ZnO thin film. All thin films' optical bandgaps were broad, and they generally decrease after more doping, it was possible to determine that the particles were elliptical and rod-shaped and that their diameters were on the order of micrometers. for both the doped and pure ZnO microparticles were seen to exist. The outcome shows that the produced microparticles' average grain diameter was determined to be (15,20.5,14.5) um, with noteworthy band gaps of 3.39,3.34 eV, and 3.08 eV, respectively.
SMS Security by Elliptic Curve and Chaotic Encryption Algorithms
Authors: Salman Ziadoon W. , Mohammed Hind Ibrahim , Enad Ayman Mohammed
Published: September 2023

Short message services (SMS) represent one of the components of the global communications network and are one of the important developments in communication technologies and communications technology. SMS messages without a password are stored in the SMS server. For the purpose of review and dispute resolution. The security of SMS content cannot be protected because it is transmitted in plain text and is accessible to network operators and employees. Therefore, the end-to-end key is based on encryption and decryption technology can provide SMS security. The security protocols used for SMS security on contemporary mobile devices were examined in this study. SMS security system encryption time affects how well mobile devices work. This shows that security technologies take longer to generate keys and encrypt keys as the key size increases. Due to the limited processing power of mobile devices, large-scale algorithms such as DES, AES, RC4, and Blowfish are not suitable for SMS encryption. SMS may be encrypted using the elliptic curve technique because it provides great security with a smaller key on devices with limited resources, such as mobile phones. And chaotic theory, encryption is simple, fast and secure data encryption. As a result, a combination of elliptic curve algorithm and chaotic encryption algorithm is proposed to achieve a high level of security. In this paper, several tests have been done to compare the algorithms in terms of throughput, power consumption, SMS size, encoding time, and decoding time. The results indicate that the proposed method is better than the comparison method.
Measurement of Activity of the Ca2+_Mg2+ ATPase in Membranous Vesicles Isolated from Smooth Muscle of Ileum in Rats Treated with Ultraviolet Radiation
Authors: Gathwan Khalid H. , Albir Ahmed Anwar , Attia Salim J.
Published: September 2023

The Ca2+_Mg2+ ATPase are high attraction calcium pump, that contributes in maintaining plasma membrane of cytoplasm Ca2+, Mg2+ homeostasis by source to the outside of cell. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the ultraviolet radiation on the activity of the Ca2+_Mg2+ ATPase in the membranous vesicles of ileum in rats. Thirty adult Sprague–Dawley rats (age, 3-4 months, weight range, 180 – 200 g) were used in this experiment, which divided in to 5 groups (n = 6 / group). The membrane vesicles isolated from smooth muscles of rats showed high activity Ca2+_Mg2+ ATPase. All isolated membranous vesicles are irradiated with Ultraviolet radiation of 250 nanometers except control group. The irradiation period for each group was (5, 10, 30 and 45) minutes, respectively. The activity of Ca2+_Mg2+ ATPase was decreased with increased time of irradiation. In conclusion, the increased time of irradiation inhibited Ca2+_Mg2+ ATPase activity isolated from ileum smooth muscles of rats. The recommendations are to expose other organs like liver and kidney to UV radiation to explain its effect or using other range of UV radiation to reflect its effect.
Análisis de la planificación territorial en la Parroquia Bahía de Caráquez, Cantón Sucre, Provincia de Manabí, Ecuador
Authors:   Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Panchana Vera Rosa Elena
Published: September 2023

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la planificación territorial en la Parroquia Bahía de Caráquez, Cantón Sucre, Provincia de Manabí. El abordaje metodológico fue realizado con un enfoque multimodal. En lo cualitativo, se realizó la técnica de la entrevista mediante un guion semiestructurado como instrumento de investigación a tres informantes claves que fueron: el Director de Planificación del GAD Sucre, el Director de Unidad de Proyectos del GAD Sucre y la Autoridad electa (alcalde), para recopilar información. En lo concerniente a lo cuantitativo, se aplicó una lista de chequeos a la unidad de análisis conformada por los procesos y subprocesos de cada uno de los departamentos del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado (GAD) involucrados en la planificación del territorio, basada en la Guía Metodológica Para la Formulación del Plan Municipal de Ordenamiento Territorial como instrumento técnico elaborado por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD,2016). Al interpretar el discurso de los informantes mediante una triangulación, se pudieron estimar los valores de representatividad para aplicar seguidamente la lista de chequeos. Los datos arrojados, fueron tabulados por medio del uso de una hoja de cálculo Excel, en la que, se apreciaron las valoraciones a los acápites que posibilitó el evalúo de los porcentajes de cumplimiento. Los resultados porcentuales obtenidos arrojaron que el 45,25%, era de No Conformidad. En consecuencia, se concluye que es necesario incrementar las gestiones para conseguir más recursos sobre todo en el área de planificación y turismo y con ello lograr mayor participación.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SAVINGS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Shkvarchuk L. , Slav’yuk R. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: September 2023

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to develop the evaluation characteristics of the relationship between household savings decisions and macroeconomic growth in order to form a base of identification parameters of effective household financial behavior. Design/methodology/approach. In the article, the authors used the literature review method to justify the importance of implementing the problem of the relationship between savings and economic growth. Based on the trends analysis the authors identified the main features of households’ saving changes during last 17 years, their relationships with changes in GDP, national income and total income of households. The use of correlation-regression analysis made it possible to assess the sensitivity of the impact on the savings of their main elements. Empirical results have been obtained based on official sources of national statistical data and Wold Bank data. Findings. Households play a major role in the economic growth of a nation. Their financial behavior and savings habits can determine the overall economic performance of a country. This paper discusses the elements of household savings, how it affects economic growth, and why it has been on a downtrend lately. It also explores the potential solutions to address this issue and how households can be encouraged to save more for their future. The financial behavior of households in Ukraine has seen significant changes over the past 17 years, and the period of change in priorities between current and deferred consumption is the financial crisis of 2008. Since 2009, seriousness towards savings has been significantly lost. The saving behavior of households in Ukraine is in dissonance with the saving behavior of enterprises and state structures. Households’ savings decisions depend to a small extent on both the absolute size of their income and GDP, as well as their rates of change. Practical implications. The materials presented in the article may be useful for researchers interested in economic growth modeling. Also, the results of this research are of interest to policymakers for creating effective measures of macroeconomic stimulation. Originality/value. In the article, the authors have identified the main regularities of the behavior of households regarding the formation of savings. The changes in the GDP and household income do have not a significant impact on the saving rates both in the short-term and long-term. The changes in the volume of household savings are mainly determined by the dynamics of the volume of net household loans. Households increase indebtedness when the business cycle intensifies (GDP and national income growth). Households in Ukraine are characterized by a high priority of current consumption over deferred (savings).
Reviewing Teachers' Preparedness to Adopt and Implement the Lesotho Inclusive Education Policy 2018 in Lesotho Schools
Authors: Khumalo Motlalepula Alphonci , Mosia Paseka Andrew
Published: September 2023

The launch of the Lesotho Inclusive Education Policy (LIEP) in 2018 by the Ministry of Education and Training assured the participation of learners with special educational needs (LSEN) in the education system. The policy requires teachers to be the drivers of educational initiatives within the school setting to execute the implementation of the policy and assumes that teachers' use of constructivism-based practices would influence them to implement inclusive education. Informed by a critical paradigm and situated within qualitative research, this paper sought to assess teachers’ preparedness to adopt and implement the LIEP and how they have revised their practices to align with the policy aspirations. Data were generated through individual, semi-structured interviews with a purposively selected group of eight primary school teachers. The data were analysed through thematic analysis. The findings reveal that teachers are unaware of the LIEP; they have not been sensitised about or trained on how the policy affects their educational practices. Additionally, teaching and learning resources to support diverse learners remain an obstacle to the full implementation of the policy. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education and Training facilitate teacher training and improve the infrastructure of schools to make them physically accessible. It is also recommended that a national study on reviewing teachers' preparedness to adopt and implement the Lesotho Inclusive Education Policy 2018 in Lesotho Schools is required to inform implementation of the Lesotho Inclusive Education Policy (LIEP) 2018 in mainstream schools.
Tebeddül-i Elbise-i Resmiyye: Modernleşme Sürecinde Çıkan Kıyafet Yasalarının Osmanlı Ulemasına Etkisi
Authors: BAŞKUTLU Salih
Published: September 2023

Kıyafet değişimi, Osmanlı Devleti’nde gelenekselden moderne geçiş sürecinde elitler arası çatışmanın sembollerinden biriydi. Bu değişim şekilsel olmanın yanı sıra kamusal alanda yeni bir görünümü temsil etmesi açısından da önemliydi. Nitekim, XVIII. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren, merkezin çevreyi yeniden inşa etmeye başladığı süreçte, bürokratik ve askeri elitler için seçilen kıyafetler yeni bir dönemin habercisiydi. Bu süreçte, Osmanlı elit gruplarından biri kabul edilen ulemanın kıyafetlerinde de bir değişimin meydana geldiği görülmektedir. XVIII. yüzyılın ortalarından XIX. yüzyılın ortalarına değin Osmanlı ulemasının kıyafetlerindeki değişimin neden ve sonuçlarını ele almayı hedefleyen bu çalışma boyunca: Osmanlı ulemasının kıyafet değişimini nasıl karşıladığı? Ulema içindeki yenilikçi, statükocu ayrışmasını nasıl etkilediği? Kıyafet değişiminin modernleşmenin bir “dayatması” mı? Yoksa elitler arası mücadelede bir simge mi olduğu? sorularına cevap aranacaktır. Bunun için, kıyafet esaslarını belirleyen nizamnameler, vakayinameler ve konuyla ilgili araştırma eserler incelenecektir.
Bilecik’in Fethinin Osmanlı Kuruluş Tarihi Açısından Önemi
Authors: ARIKAN Refik
Published: September 2023

Osmanlı Devleti’nin kuruluşu üzerine yapılan araştırmalarda öne çıkan en belirgin sorun, kaynak yetersizliğidir. Nitekim Osmanlı’nın dâhili münasebetlerini anlatan ilk eserlerin (kroniklerin) XV. yüzyılda yazılmaya başlanması ve bu dönemde Batı Anadolu’daki diğer iktidar oluşumları (beylikler) arasında büyük bir ağırlığının olmaması, bu bilgi eksikliğinin temel sebepleri olarak sıralanabilir.

Birincil kaynakların satır aralarından edinilen bilgilerin yanı sıra kuruluş coğrafyasında yapılan saha araştırmaları, Osmanlı Tarihi’ne yeni bir açılımı da vaat etmektedir. Nitekim bugün Halil İnalcık Hoca’nın çalışmalarından bahsedilirken onun sahaya inmiş olmasına sıklıkla vurgu yapılır. Bu çalışma, aynı noktadan ilham alarak ve saha araştırmalarına ağırlık vererek hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı kronikleri ve alan yazını ile ilgili yayımlanmış eserlere başvurulmuş ve nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden saha araştırmasının doğrudan gözlem metodu kullanılmıştır.

Bilecik ve çevresinde uzun bir süre boyunca gerçekleştirdiğim alan incelemeleri sırasında rastladığım kale kalıntıları, bu makalenin temelini oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışma bölgedeki tekfurların Bilecik-Çakırpınarı’nda gerçekleştirilen düğünde Osman Bey’i ortadan kaldırmak için neden bir plan içerisinde olduklarının cevabını da aramaktadır. Aynı zamanda bu makale ile Osman Bey’in iktidarının ilk dönemine dair siyasi hareketlerini yürüttüğü coğrafya ve kroniklerde bahsi geçen önemli mekânlarla ilgili de saha gözlemleri temel alınarak bir takım tespitler yapılmıştır.
Adilşahlar Devleti’ndeki Toprak İdare Sistemine Bir Bakış
Authors: TAŞTAN Tuna Kaan
Published: September 2023

Hindistan’ın orta güney bölgesinde bulunan verimli Dekken Platosu üzerinde kurulmuş bir Türk devleti olan Adilşahlar Devleti, 200 yıllık tarihindeki siyasi gelişmeler ve bırakmış olduğu mimari eserler açısından hem Hindistan, hem de Türk tarihi açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu devletin bünyesinde başlayan bir isyan sonucunda kurulan Maratha Devleti ise, Hindistan tarihinin İngiliz hegemonyası döneminde, İngilizlere en çok direnen Hindistan hükümdarlıklarından biri olarak boy göstermiştir. Adilşahlar Devleti bünyesinde dağınık bir ulus olarak yaşayan Marathalar, bu devletin yönetim anlayışı ile organize olarak kendi devletlerini kuracak seviyeye gelmişlerdir. Bu hususlar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, Adilşahlar Devleti’nin idari yapısını anlamak, bu yapının içerisinde Hindu unsurların önemini görmek, hem bu Türk devletinin Türk kültürüne bağlılığını görmek, hem de Hindu nüfusun bu devlet bünyesinde nasıl organize olabildiğini anlamak açısından elzemdir. Çalışmada, dönemin yazılı kaynaklarına başvurulmasının yanı sıra, dönemin belgelerini inceleyen ve konu ile ilgili çalışmalar yapan modern tarihçilerin yazdıklarına da değinilmiştir.
Cumhuriyet Tarihinde Sosyal Hizmetin İlk Örüntüleri: Bir Toplum Kalkınması Modeli Olarak Millet Mektepleri
Authors: ATAMTÜRK Elvan , ÇAVUŞOĞLU Turgay , DANIŞ Mehmet Zafer
Published: September 2023

Millet mektepleri, Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiye'sinde toplumsal kalkınmanın teşvik edilmesi ve sosyal adaletin sağlanması açısından önemli bir rol üstlenmiştir. Millet mekteplerinde verilen kurslar, kırsal alanlarda eğitim imkânlarını artırarak köylerdeki okuryazarlık oranlarını yükseltmiş ve bilinçli bir iş gücünün yetişmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Ayrıca, millet mekteplerinde çalışan öğretmenler, köylerdeki toplumsal sorunları anlama ve çözme konusunda önemli bir rol üstlenerek sosyal hizmet anlayışının gelişimine katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Toplum kalkınması, topluluklarda olumlu değişimi teşvik etmeyi amaçlayan çok yönlü ve disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımdır. Sosyal hizmet, toplumsal kalkınmanın sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak ve toplumların daha adil, eşitlikçi ve sürdürülebilir bir şekilde büyümesine yardımcı olmak için bir dizi strateji ve araç sunmaktadır. Türkiye'nin modernleşme sürecinde kritik bir rol oynayan millet mektepleri, eğitim, toplumsal kalkınma ve sosyal hizmet arasında güçlü bir ilişkiyi temsil etmektedir. Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi'nde gerçekleştirilen eğitim projelerinden biri olan millet mektepleri, toplumsal kalkınma açısından önemli bir modeldir. Millet mektepleri, sadece eğitimde değil, toplumsal değişim ve dönüşümde de etkili olarak, toplumsal kalkınma ve sosyal hizmet alanlarında da büyük bir etki yaratmıştır.
Student training in pedagogical practice in subject “Methodology of Biology Teaching”
Authors: Nadir Hajiyeva Gulshan
Published: September 2023

This article is devoted to the issues related to the student training in pedagogical practice in subject “Methodology of Biology Teaching”. Recently, a number of radical steps have been taken in the direction of improving the education system, substantial work has been done and is being done in the field of organizing a new education system that resonates with the requirements of the current era. This education system is based on national and international human values and democratic principles. From this point of view, several changes were made in the structure of higher education, curricula were updated, students' knowledge was assessed by means of a multi-point system, and the credit system was introduced. There is a great role of the correct organization of the pedagogical process targeted to the students' acquisition of their chosen specialty for being good, influential teachers and educators of the future; for having national-moral values, general and pedagogical culture, exemplary behavior, broad outlook, deep and comprehensive knowledge, skills, theoretical and practical training. The efficiency of the pedagogical process depends to a great extent on the effective establishment of teacher-student relations, the ability of the teacher to skillfully manage the educational process. At the same time, this allows students to grow up as individuals who are loyal to the traditions of freedom and democracy of our people, who absorb the spiritual, humanistic and cultural values of our nation, who love their native land and its inhabitants, who protect the honor of our country, who are able to think independently and creatively. The training of initial pedagogical personnel depends very much on the level and quality of teacher-student relations. In order to properly establish teacher-student relations, first, the teacher must acquire high moral qualities, behave in an exemplary manner, and justify himself/herself as a specialist, an employee and a human being. Methods: The article is based on the method of comparative analysis. Application importance: the material can be used in lecturers and seminars in higher education institutions (HEIs).
Experimental evaluation of the nonselective and selective TMEM16 family calcium-activated chloride channel blockers in the airways
Authors: Mažerik J. , Smieško L. , Fedorová L. , Gondáš E.
Published: September 2023

Background

The family of calcium-activated chloride channels, TMEM16, plays a significant role in contributing to the pathogenesis of airway inflammatory diseases. Targeting these ion channels and aiming to modulate them may provide an interesting new approach to the therapy of these potentially fatal diseases.

Methods

We tested this hypothesis in both healthy and ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs. The ion channel activity was modulated by TMEM16A-nonselective (benzbromarone) and TMEM16A-selective blockers (CaCCinh-A01). In vivo airway reactivity, induced by histamine and methacholine, was expressed as specific airway resistance (sRaw) values. The number of citric acid-induced coughs was counted using a double-chambered body plethysmograph, and the frequency of ciliary beating (CBF) was assessed in vitro by brushing method. For comparison, salbutamol and codeine were tested under the same conditions.

Results

The results showed significant differences in the responses of unsensitized and sensitized airways to both TMEM16 blockers administered. CaCCinh-A01 and benzbromarone significantly reduced the number of cough efforts in the group of OVA-sensitized guinea pigs. Significant improvement in sRaw values could be observed in OVA-sensitized TMEM16 blocker–treated animals compared to salbutamol when challenged with inhalational histamine, and the outcome was similar to salbutamol when challenged with methacholine. CBF was significantly inhibited in animals sensitized to OVA treated with selective inhibition of TMEM16A.

Conclusions

The results demonstrated that treatment with blockers of TMEM16 can reduce both cough effort and sRaw, and the difference between TMEM16A-selective and TMEM16A-nonselective blocking is only negligibly in favor of CaCCinh-A01. It is also worthwhile to note the impairment of CBF in OVA-sensitized animals treated with CaCCinh-A01.
Hybrid Generation of Existing Wind Power Plants with Additional Installation of Photovoltaic Power Plants
Authors: Mrković Dragan , Perić Perica , Marić Božidar
Published: September 2023

The paper describes the possibility of hybrid electricity generation in already existing wind power plants (WPP) by additional installation of photovoltaic power plants (PVPP) on individual wind turbines (WT). Wind turbines have the lowest generation of electricity in the summer months, while PVPPs have the opposite, the highest generation in those months. Connecting the PVPP to the existing WT (hybrid electricity generation) brings a more even generation and a greater degree of use of the infrastructure of the existing wind farms (HV/MV transformer station, medium voltage cable distribution...). This way the variation of generation in relation to the average annual generation is reduced, which reduces the problems of balancing electricity.
US-China Economic Statecraft: Turning Cold War into Negotiation
Authors: Rogowsky Robert A. , Hout Thomas
Published: September 2023

The trajectory of US economic strength relative to China has driven a reassessment of the US’ rules of engagement on trade and investment. China is turning more authoritarian, more focused on self-sufficiency, challenging US dominance in international institutions, global markets, and critical technologies. It selectively honors the market-based rules of the international trade order. Structural features of the Chinese economy and its management blunt the effectiveness of international rules-based trade policy tools. The US, in response, is becoming more aggressive, with protective trade measures and proactive industrial policy. A new cold war is emerging, confounding the broad foundation of collaborative interdependence that vastly accelerating world economic growth for the past 35 years. This paper examines the nature of these shifts and the need for and scope of more constructive economic statecraft by both the US and China in order to build a workable, new rules-based framework for managing international competition and trade that is acceptable to both countries. It contributes a path toward more constructive long-term negotiation as an alternative to an economic cold war.
Long-Term Economic and Geopolitical Cycles: A Compass to Multilateral Cooperation in Our Age
Authors: Matolcsy György H
Published: September 2023

The birth of modern economics was strongly related to the study of cycles. Economists tried to establish historical cycles, then business cycles and to model even very short-term fluctuations. In the 2000s, the “great moderation” brought about a temporary decline in the interest for longer-term cyclical issues. This was also related to the unipolar moment of US power after the fall of the Soviet Union. The 2008 great financial crisis and the rise of China, however, proved that cycles had not ceased to affect us. The contrary is true: just now, we are witnessing (at least) a rerun of the 1970s with all the implications of energy shocks and geopolitical tensions. Several authors again try to understand cycles; nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies merging cultural, economic and geopolitical knowledge in this regard. The paper aims to fill this gap by discussing possible interpretations of the current great power dynamics. A complex analysis shows that downward spirals of hegemonic cycles can be escaped. Eurasia as a deep-rooted concept can further catalyse global development and the much-needed cooperative policies towards long-term sustainable growth. The East and the West should be focused on benchmarking the best solutions in the fields of technology, money and the green transition so that a fusion of megatrends benefits each community.
Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Breast in a Patient with Previous History of Rectal Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Al-Mallah Rasha Raed , Al-Najafi Marwa Haitham , Zakaria Yehya Dh.
Published: September 2023

Background

Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast is a very rare subtype of metaplastic breast cancer with aggressive behaviour in comparison with invasive ductal carcinoma, which is the most common histological type of breast cancer. It has a poor prognosis and a controversial response to systemic therapy.

Aim of this study

The aim of this study is to shed light on this uncommon but aggressive type of breast cancer.

Case Presentation

In this case report, we present a 56-year-old woman with spindle cell carcinoma of the breast with a previous history of treated rectal cancer. She presented with a left breast mass. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration gave results positive for malignancy. A left mastectomy with axillary clearance was done, and the histopathology was spindle cell carcinoma of the breast. The patient refused chemotherapy until five months post-operation when she presented with local recurrence of two small masses at the site of mastectomy. New imaging revealed bilateral pulmonary metastasis. She started on single agent Adriamycin and received a total of six cycles. A CT scan of the chest and abdomen with contrast revealed disease progression. Imaging of the brain showed brain metastasis. The patient refused any kind of further chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment until she passed away one month later from aspiration pneumonia and its complications.

Conclusion

Metaplastic breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with rapid progression, a high tendency for distant metastases, a poor response to treatment, and a short survival time.
A Perspective on NFTs in the Arts-and-Music Industry*
Authors: Peters Zarja , Cartwright Phillip
Published: September 2023

Significant interest in non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as a means of changing the music industry has motivated this investigation. First, a comprehensive literature review (of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats [SWOT]) provides a summary of the benefits and costs associated with the deployment of blockchain- and NFT-based transactions in the music industry. Considerable effort has been devoted to identifying the economic, legal and regulatory benefits and drawbacks of applying the new technology. NFTs may be the final realisation of the digital universe, bringing exclusivity and revenues to the creator economy and the chance to revalue creative work. The technology's drawbacks may exceed its advantages. Navigation within the crypto regulatory landscape is still deemed as exploring uncharted territory. It is further complicated by the fact that it is largely uncertain which legal framework may apply due to the lack of jurisdiction-identifying criteria. Second, quantitative research is conducted as an online survey directed towards two research questions: 1) What is the extent of familiarity and knowledge related to NFTs, as well as perspectives on NFTs as potential disruptors? 2) What is the extent of music creators’ perception of NFT-related opportunities and NFT integration into the music industry? Twenty EU countries were selected for the survey. Respondents answered twenty questions focused largely on demographics, their awareness of NFTs and their perceived potential for disrupting the music industry. It is too early to say whether NFTs will be utilised successfully, especially by independent musicians. The arguments in favour of NFTs are compelling, but there are issues regarding the levels of awareness and competence required for implementation.
Estimation of Screw Displacement Pile-Bearing Capacity Based on Drilling Resistances
Authors: Krasiński Adam
Published: September 2023

This article presents an engineering, empirical method of estimating the bearing capacity and settlement characteristics Q-s of screw displacement piles and columns, based on soil resistance encountered during the drilling to form piles/columns in the ground. The method was developed on the basis of correlation analyses of the test results of 24 piles made during the “DPDT-Auger” research project (Krasiński et al., 2022a). In the proposed method, the load capacity of a screw displacement pile is estimated using two main parameters of auger screwing resistance: torque MT
and the number of auger rotations per depth unit nR
. The method applies to piles and columns made with a standard screw displacement pile (SDP) auger and with the proprietary, prototype DPDT (displacement pile drilling tool) aguer, patented in Poland (2020). Based on the estimated ultimate capacities of the pile shaft and base, an approximate method of predicting the pile settlement characteristics Q-s was also proposed, using the transfer function method. This article describes a correlation procedure of field test results together with their statistical analysis and presents a method of estimating the pile-bearing capacity based on correlation results. A calculation example is also provided. The conclusion looks at the useful practical applications that could be found for the proposed method.
ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN USER INTERFACE WEBSITE DALAM MENINGKATKAN USER EXPERIENCE MENGGUNAKAN METODE EVALUASI HEURISTIK BERDASARKAN ISO 13407 (Studi Kasus: Website Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil)
Authors: Suputra Made Dwipa Hutamanu , Piarsa I Nyoman , Rusjayanthi Ni Kadek Dwi
Published: September 2023

Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kota Denpasar menggunakan website Taring Dukcapil sebagai sistem pencatatan maupun pembuatan berkas secara online. Analisis user interface menggunakan metode heuristik untuk mengetahui website Taring Dukcapil dapat dengan mudah digunakan oleh masyarakat. Metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi lapangan, penyebaran kuesioner, dan wawancara. Hasil evaluasi heuristik terdapat 17 indikator memerlukan perbaikan kemudian dikelompokkan guna memberikan solusi yang tepat menggunakan ISO 13407. Hasil rekomendasi perbaikan yaitu tampilan beranda beranda menghasilkan rekomendasi perbaikan di bagian beranda dan syarat & ketentuan, rekomendasi perbaikan tampilan login dan register, rekomendasi perbaikan tampilan notifikasi di bagian saat notifikasi penuh, dan notifikasi surat pernyataan, rekomendasi perbaikan permohonan pada bagian pembuatan permohonan, list permohonan, berkas selesai, dan berkas salah. Analisis akhir memperoleh hasil signifikan berdasrkan nilai mean sebesar 3,53 untuk keseluruahan nilai mean perbaikan, dengan nilai rHitung diatas 0,279 dan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha diatas 6 yang menunjukkan data tersebut baik dan dapat dipercaya.