bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black Hole Mass and Eddington-ratio Distributions of Less-luminous Quasars at z ∼ 4 in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Wide Field
Authors: He Wanqiu , Akiyama Masayuki , Enoki Motohiro , Ichikawa Kohei , Inayoshi Kohei , Kashikawa Nobunari , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Nagao Tohru , Onoue Masafusa , Oogi Taira , Schulze Andreas , Toba Yoshiki , Ueda Yoshihiro
Published: February 2024

We investigate the black hole mass function (BHMF) and Eddington-ratio distribution function (ERDF) of broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z = 4, based on a sample of 52 quasars with i < 23.2 at 3.50 ≤ z ≤ 4.25 from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program S16A-Wide2 data set, and 1462 quasars with i < 20.2 in the same redshift range from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 7 quasar catalog. Virial black hole (BH) masses of quasars are estimated using the width of the CIV 1549 Å line and the continuum luminosity at 1350 Å. To obtain the intrinsic broad-line AGN BHMF and ERDF, we correct for the incompleteness in the low-mass and/or low-Eddington-ratio ranges caused by the flux-limited selection. The resulting BHMF is constrained down to

log

M

BH

/

M

⊙

∼
7.5

. In comparison with broad-line AGN BHMFs at z ∼ 2 in the literature, we find that the number density of massive SMBHs peaks at higher redshifts, consistent with the downsizing evolutionary scenario. Additionally, the resulting ERDF shows a negative dependence on BH mass, suggesting more massive SMBHs tend to accrete at lower-Eddington ratios at z = 4. With the derived intrinsic broad-line AGN BHMF, we also evaluate the active fraction of broad-line AGNs among the entire SMBH population at z = 4. The resulting active fraction may suggest a positive dependence on BH mass. Finally, we examine the time evolution of broad-line AGN BHMF between z = 4 and 6 through solving the continuity equation. The results suggest that the broad-line AGN BHMFs at z = 4–6 only show evolution in their normalization, but with no significant changes in their shape.
Solar Eruptions Triggered by Flux Emergence below or near a Coronal Flux Rope
Authors: Török T. , Linton M. G. , Leake J. E. , Mikić Z. , Lionello R. , Titov V. S. , Downs C.
Published: February 2024

Observations have shown a clear association of filament/prominence eruptions with the emergence of magnetic flux in or near filament channels. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations have been employed to systematically study the conditions under which such eruptions occur. These simulations to date have modeled filament channels as 2D flux ropes or 3D uniformly sheared arcades. Here we present MHD simulations of flux emergence into a more realistic configuration consisting of a bipolar active region containing a line-tied 3D flux rope. We use the coronal flux-rope model of Titov et al. as the initial condition and drive our simulations by imposing boundary conditions extracted from a flux emergence simulation by Leake et al. We identify three mechanisms that determine the evolution of the system: (i) reconnection displacing footpoints of field lines overlying the coronal flux rope, (ii) changes of the ambient field due to the intrusion of new flux at the boundary, and (iii) interaction of the (axial) electric currents in the preexisting and newly emerging flux systems. The relative contributions and effects of these mechanisms depend on the properties of the preexisting and emerging flux systems. Here we focus on the location and orientation of the emerging flux relative to the coronal flux rope. Varying these parameters, we investigate under which conditions an eruption of the latter is triggered.
First High-resolution Spectroscopy of X-Ray Absorption Lines in the Obscured State of NGC 5548
Authors: Mehdipour Missagh , Kriss Gerard A. , Kaastra Jelle S. , Costantini Elisa , Gu Liyi , Landt Hermine , Mao Junjie , Rogantini Daniele
Published: February 2024

Multiwavelength spectroscopy of NGC 5548 revealed remarkable changes due to the presence of an obscuring wind from the accretion disk. This broadened our understanding of obscuration and outflows in active galactic nuclei. Swift monitoring of NGC 5548 shows that over the last 10 yr, the obscuration has gradually declined. This provides a valuable opportunity for analyses that have not been feasible before because of too much obscuration. The lowered obscuration, together with the high-energy spectral coverage of Chandra HETG, facilitates the first study of X-ray absorption lines in the obscured state. The comparison of the lines (Mg xi, Mg xii, Si xiii, and Si xiv) between the new and historical spectra reveals interesting changes, most notably the He-like absorption being significantly diminished in 2022. Our study finds that the changes are caused by an increase in both the ionization parameter and the column density of the warm-absorber outflow in the obscured state. This is contrary to the shielding scenario that is evident in the appearance of the UV lines, where the inner obscuring wind shields outflows that are farther out, thus lowering their ionization. The X-ray absorption lines in the HETG spectra appear to be unaffected by the obscuration. The results suggest that the shielding is complex because various components of the ionized outflow are affected differently. We explore various possibilities for the variability behavior of the X-ray absorption lines and find that the orbital motion of a clumpy ionized outflow traversing our line of sight is the most likely explanation.
Constraining Annihilating Dark Matter Using the Multifrequency Radio Flux Profiles of the M33 Galaxy
Authors: Chan Man Ho , Lee Chak Man , Cui Lang , Chang Ning , Leung Chun Sing
Published: February 2024

Radio data can give stringent constraints for annihilating dark matter. In general, radio observations can detect very accurate radio flux density with high resolution and different frequencies for nearby galaxies. We are able to obtain the radio flux density as a function of distance from the galactic center and frequencies S(r, ν). In this article, we demonstrate a comprehensive radio analysis of the M33 galaxy, combining the radio flux density profile S(r) and the frequency spectrum S(ν) to get the constraints of dark matter annihilation parameters. By analyzing the archival radio data obtained from the Effelsberg telescope, we show that the dark matter annihilation contributing to the radio flux density might be insignificant in the disk region of the M33 galaxy. Moreover, by including the baryonic radio contribution, we constrain the 2σ conservative upper limits of the annihilation cross section, which can be complementary to the existing constraints based on neutrino, cosmic-ray, and gamma-ray observations. Our results indicate that analyzing the galactic multifrequency radio flux profiles can give useful and authentic constraints on dark matter for the leptophilic annihilation channels.
extrabol: A Python Package for Estimating Bolometric Light Curves of Thermal Transients
Authors: Thornton Ian , Villar V. Ashley , Gomez Sebastian , Hosseinzadeh Griffin
Published: February 2024

We introduce a new, open-source, Python-based package, extrabol, for inferring the bolometric light curve evolution of extragalactic thermal transients. extrabol uses non-parametric Gaussian Process regression for light curve estimation that requires minimal user interaction. extrabol is available via GitHub.
Long-Term Safety and Effectiveness of Tacrolimus in Patients With Lupus Nephritis in Japan: 10-Year Analysis of the Real-World TRUST Study
Authors: Takeuchi Tsutomu , Wakasugi Naoko , Hashida Tetsuji , Uno Satoshi , Makino Hirofumi
Published: February 2024

Objective

To assess the long-term safety and effectiveness of tacrolimus as maintenance therapy in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) receiving treatment in real-world clinical settings in Japan.

Methods

An open-label, noncomparative, observational, prospective postmarketing surveillance study was conducted in 1395 patients with LN receiving maintenance treatment with tacrolimus at 278 medical institutions across Japan over a period of 10 years. Tacrolimus continuation rate and cumulative incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), relapse, progression to renal failure, and progression to dialysis were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

Safety data were available for 1355 patients, almost half (49.3%) of whom remained on tacrolimus for the full 10 years of follow-up. A significant reduction in mean (SD) daily oral corticosteroid dose was observed from 16.0 (9.7) mg/day at 4 weeks after initiation of tacrolimus treatment to 7.2 (4.4) mg/day at year 10 (P< 0.001). The most frequently reported serious ADRs were infections (reported for 131 [9.7%] patients). Except for infections, no marked increase in the incidence of any other ADRs was seen over time, including renal impairment, malignant tumors, and cardiac dysfunction. Renal function was generally well maintained over the 10 years of follow-up. At year 10, cumulative rates of relapse, renal failure, and dialysis were 44.5%, 12.2%, and 4.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

Tacrolimus was effective and generally well tolerated as maintenance therapy for LN in a large cohort of patients in Japan followed for 10 years, almost half of whom remained on therapy for the entire duration of follow-up. (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT01410747)
Erosions on T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Versus Radiography of Sacroiliac Joints in Recent-Onset Axial Spondyloarthritis: 2-Year Data (EMBARK Trial and DESIR Cohort)
Authors: Maksymowych Walter P. , Claudepierre Pascal , de Hooge Manouk , Lambert Robert G. , Landewé Robert , Molto Anna , van der Heijde Désirée , Bukowski Jack F. , Jones Heather , Pedersen Ron , Szumski Annette , Vlahos Bonnie , Dougados Maxime
Published: February 2024

Objective

(1) To compare the capacity to detect sacroiliac joint (SIJ) erosions and baseline-to-week 104 change in erosions between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiographs in recent-onset axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA); and (2) to compare treatment-discriminatory capacities of MRI and radiographic scores for erosion detection in patients receiving etanercept in the Effect of Etanercept on Symptoms and Objective Inflammation in Nonradiographic axSpA (EMBARK) trial vs controls in the DESIR (Devenir des Spondylarthropathies Indifférenciées Récentes) cohort.

Methods

Anonymized SIJ MRI and radiographs were assessed at patient and joint surface levels. Three readers evaluated MRI; 3 different readers evaluated radiographs. Final scores for comparison of radiographs and MRI for detection of erosions were assigned based on agreement of ≥ 2 of 3 readers’ assessments.

Results

At baseline, discordance in erosion detection between imaging methods was more frequent for MRI erosions in the absence of radiographic erosions (48/224 [21.4%] patients) than for radiographic erosions in the absence of MRI erosions (14/224 [6.3%] patients;P< 0.001). After 104 weeks, a decrease in erosions was observed on MRI but not radiographs in 49/221 (22.2%) patients, and on radiographs but not MRI in 6/221 (2.7%) patients (P< 0.001). In the treatment-discriminant capacity analysis, the largest standardized differences between etanercept and control cohorts at week 104 were changes in Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada MRI erosion discrete score, changes in erosion average score, and meeting the modified New York criteria on radiographs, with unadjusted/adjusted HedgesGeffect sizes of 0.40/0.50, 0.40/0.56, and 0.40/0.43, respectively.

Conclusion

In recent-onset axSpA, SIJ erosions and erosion change were observed more frequently on MRI than radiography. The significance of interval improvement of MRI erosions warrants further research. [ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT01258738,NCT01648907]
Constantly in flux: Agile planning in holistic educational development centers
Authors: Meixner Cara
Published: February 2024

Holistic educational development supports multiple, intersected facets of the faculty career to include teaching and learning, research and scholarship, leadership, career planning, wellness, and more. This constructivist qualitative study explores the landscape of 12 holistic educational development centers, with focus on how their leaders engage their centers and units in strategic and operational planning. The moniker constantly in flux enveloped the results, pointing to agile, leaderful processes that blurred the boundaries between short- and long-term planning efforts. Core themes were centering the faculty voice, leveraging disciplinary identity, trying methodologies on for size, and adapting agilely. Disrupting commonly held stereotypes about strategic planning processes, directors illuminated the centrality of characteristics such as nimbleness, curiosity, transparency, experimentation, creativity, and collaboration. Study results point to opportunities for sharing, merging, and dissemination of planning frameworks across the holistic educational development network.
Do Akhbār Mulūk al-Andalus [Notícias dos Monarcas da Hispânia] à Crónica do Mouro Rasis
Authors: Rei António
Published: February 2024

Uma obra e um mito, cujo percurso começou no século X, nos meios da Chancelaria Califal de Córdova, durante o reinado de ‘Abd al-Raḥmān III, e cujos conteúdos e informações ainda hoje se mantêm válidos e suscitando vários e variados estudos. Obra a que está vinculado um nome, “al-Rāzī”, cuja versão latinizada, “Rasis”, acabou colada à primeira tradução para português, que desde o século XIII passou a transmitir aquela memória, e depois para a tradução da versão portuguesa para castelhano, onde se fixou. O texto que serviu de base àquela primeira tradução portuguesa, e a partir da qual surgiu a atribuição a “Rasis”, já era, de facto, a obra de Ibn Ġālib, uma refundição do século XII. O texto da primeira tradução passou por várias mãos, lugares e situações até desaparecer no Terramoto de 1755. A tradução castelhana e a Crónica Geral de Espanha de 1344, que teve aquela primeira como fonte, permitiram reconstituir o texto da tradução perdida. Ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX, edições e traduções de textos árabes suscitaram a ideia de uma possível recriação da matriz árabe perdida.
Mn2+ Adsorption on Nanozeolite: Determination of Thermodynamic Properties Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry
Authors: Dineros Rochelle P. , Labrador Benjo C. , Ustaris IV Conrado Miguel L. , Maglalang Paul Eric C. , Millare Jeremiah C.
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the thermodynamics of manganese ion adsorption on nanozeolite to assess the nanomaterial’s heavy metal removal efficiency from surface water, industrial water, and groundwater. Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), the thermodynamic profile of nanozeolite is obtained, demonstrating a low equilibrium binding affinity. The thermodynamic signature showed favorable binding mechanisms, primarily from the change of entropy, suggesting spontaneous reactions. Meanwhile, the enthalpy change of adsorption increases as temperature rises, while ∆G and T∆S decrease. Using proper thermodynamic conditions, nanozeolite may efficiently remove manganese from different water sources.
Microstructural and Optical Properties of Green-Synthesized rGO Utilizing Amaranthus viridis Extract
Authors: Zurnansyah Zurnansyah , Jayanti Putri Dwi , Mahardhika Larrisa Jestha , Kusumah Hafil Perdana , Istiqomah Nurul Imani , Suharyadi Edi
Published: February 2024

Research of green-synthesized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using Amaranthus viridis (AV) extract has been successfully conducted. The modified Hummers method was used to synthesize graphene oxide (GO), then reduced using hydrazine hydrate and AV extract to obtain rGO. The X-ray diffraction results illustrate the change in crystalline structure from graphite to rGO. Peaks at 2θ angles of 26.5°, 9.1°, and 24.1° indicate the characteristics of graphite, GO, and rGO, respectively. The transmission electron microscopy image shows the formation of 2D nanosheet morphology with slight wrinkles. The fourier transform infrared spectrum represents six peaks of identical functional groups in the graphene-based nanomaterials. Meanwhile, GO has two additional oxygen groups (carboxyl and hydroxyl) at wavenumbers of 1720 cm-1 and 1217 cm-1, respectively. Furthermore, the UV-Vis analysis data shows the typical absorption of GO at 232 nm and 301 nm, while at 266 nm and 278 nm, it belongs to graphite and rGO. The bandgap energy of nanomaterials is 0–3.58 eV, which describes the difference in their optical properties. These promising results reveal the potential of AV as a green-reducing agent to minimize the use of chemicals in the synthesis of rGO for various applications.
Solketal Synthesis from Glycerol and Acetone Using Amberlyst-36 Catalyst
Authors: Trisnantari Tamaratritania Citta , Sulistyo Hary , Azis Muhammad Mufti
Published: February 2024

Recently, biodiesel production has increased condiserably due to the use of B30 in Indonesia. As a side product of biodiesel production, glycerol is also produced in large amount. Glycerol conversion to fuel additive is one of promising path for glycerol utilization. Solketal is one of fuel additives that can be derived from glycerol and it may enhance octane number on gasoline. Solketal can be synthesized from glycerol and aceton by using Amberlyst-36 as catalyst. The aim of this paper was to study the effect of catalyst loading to glycerol conversion as well as to develop a kinetic model to correlate catalyst loading to kinetic parameter. A series of experiments were conducted in a batch reactor heated in water bath, equipped with cooler, and stirrer speed at 650 rpm for 180 minutes, mole ratio glycerol to acetone is 1:4, at temperature 500 C, varying catalyst loading at 1, 3, 5, 7 wt. %. The result showed that the highest glycerol conversion was achieved as high as 88.19% at 500 C temperature using 7 wt. % of catalyst.
The Structure of Boride Diffusion Coatings Produced on Selected Grades of Structural Steels
Authors: Góral Marek , Kościelniak Barbara , Ochał Kamil , Kubaszek Tadeusz , Jopek Jakub , Drajewicz Marcin
Published: February 2024

In the article the microstructure and phase composition of boride coatings deposited on selected structural steels were investigated. The boride coatings were produced using pack cementation method using commercial EKABOR-2 mixture containing of 50 wt. % of new and 50 wt. % of used powder. Boride coatings were deposited on alloyed structural steels grades (PN/EN 10084 standard): 16MnCr5, 18CrNiMo7-6, 41CrAlMo7 42CrMo4. Cylindrical samples with a diameter of 30 mm and a height of 30 mm were boronized in powder at 1000°C for 2, 4 and 6 hours in an argon atmosphere. The process was carried out in an industrial CVD Bernex BPX 325S device. The microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscope Phenom XL equipped with EDS spectrometer. The XRD phase analysis was conducted using XTRa diffractometer (ARL). The thickness as well as phase composition was analyzed on coatings formed on each grades of steels. The most of obtained boride coatings were characterized by single-phase structure (Fe2B). The formation of brittle FeB phase was detected only on 16MnCr5 steel grades steels.
Preliminary Study of the Effect of pH on Ce, Nd, La, Pr Recovery from REOH Concentrate
Authors: Perwira Nizar Kamil , Aziz Nofriady , Basuki Kris Tri , Hardi Septian , Langenati Ratih , Nurhimawati Intan , Baskoro Kukuh Ario , Baqyuni Muhammad Ilham
Published: February 2024

The separation of uranium, thorium, and rare earth elements (REE) from monazite sand was carried out using the PLUTHO pilot plant facility. The REEs were produced in the form of hydroxide concentrates (REOH). Further separation process must be carried out to obtain high-purity elements for application in advanced industries such as polisher material for hard materials, infrared protective glass, and Ni-metal hydride batteries. The Major Element of REEs are Cerium (Ce), Lanthanum (La), Neodynium (Nd), and Praseodymium (Pr). Those elements can be separated by various methods such as fractional precipitation, extraction, ion exchange, and others. This research was carried out using the Fractional Precipitation method. Rare earth elements have chemical properties that permit ready dissolution and easy precipitation. The fractional precipitating reagent commonly used is NH4OH because it will not contaminate the precipitate due to the volatility of NH3. The parameter used in this preliminary study was pH from 4 to 9. The separation process was started with the dissolution of the REOH concentrate in a solution of HNO3 to obtain RE nitrate. After the dissolution process, oxidation and precipitation were carried out by the addition of KMnO4 as an oxidizing agent and Na2CO3 as a precipitating agent at pH 4 to obtain high recovery efficiency of cerium. The precipitation was pH varies continued by pH adjustment using NH4OH starting from pH 4 to pH 9 to separate La, Nd, and Pr. The analysis of Ce, La, Nd, and Pr concentration was carried out using ICP-OES. The optimum pH recovery for Ce, Nd, and Pr was found at pH 4 with a concentration of 19986.4 ppm, 3532.34 ppm, and 3796.81 ppm, respectively, while at pH 8.5 for La with a concentration of 5846.59 ppm.
Solketal Reaction Optimization by Glycerol Acetalization Using Amberlyst-36 Catalyst
Authors: Perdana Putera Anugrah Dhira Atmaja , Sulistyo Hary , Azis Muhammad Mufti
Published: February 2024

Glycerol is an important chemical and widely used in many applications. Glycerol can be produced from a biodiesel industry as a by-product. In order to improve the economic value of glycerol as a by-product, it can be reacted with acetone to form solketal. Solketal can be used as a fuel additive to increase octane number. Reaction between glycerol and acetone can be catalyzed by Amberlyst-36. The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of mole ratio of glycerol:acetone and reaction temperature to the glycerol conversion. The process of acetalization was conducted in a batch reactor equipped with heater, temperature control, cooler and stirrer. The weight of catalyst was set on 5% based mass of glycerol and the stirrer speed was set on 650 rpm with reaction time of 3 hours. The mole ratio of glycerol to acetone was varied at 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6, and the temperatures were varied on 40, 50 and 55 °C. The results showed that the highest conversion was 86.61 %, which was obtained at 120 minutes reaction, 50 °C and 1:6 mole ratio.
Recovery of Silica from Sidoarjo Mud by Alkali Fusion
Authors: Juliastuti Sri Rachmania , Ningsih Erlinda , Darmawan Raden , Hendrianie Nuniek , Rachmaniah Orchidea
Published: February 2024

Sidoarjo mud contains potentially valuable minerals, the largest content of which is silica. Silica decomposition from Sidoarjo mud can be done by using alkaline fusion method. The purpose of this study is the recovery of silica from the Sidoarjo mud against variations in Na2CO3 alkaline fusion time. Stages Sidoarjo mud mass ratio Na2CO3 1:3 is inserted into the furnace at a temperature of 700°C with a long alkaline fusion time of 1:1.5;2;2.5; and 3 hours. Based on the calculation results, the best % recovery occurred for 3 hours, which was 48.3%. It can be concluded that the alkaline fusion time can affect the silica decomposition of the Sidoarjo mud
Application of Phosphonium- and Choline Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvents as Catalyst for Emulsifier Production from Low Quality Oil Assisted by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Sulaiman Miranda Amiroh , Zullaikah Siti , Yong Hoo Peng , Quitain Armando T.
Published: February 2024

Monoglycerides (MAG) and Diglycerides (DAG) have wide applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Despite the economic competitiveness of producing this type of emulsifier from vegetable oils, the increasing demand for products with high nutritional value makes certain types of healthy oils such as rice bran oil (RBO) a potential raw material for high quality fats to serve this growing market. However, the high free fatty acids (FFA) and RBO content which is insoluble in acetone make it difficult to process and is categorized as a low-quality oil, causing RBO to be only used as biodiesel feedstock. Enzymatic catalytic route for glycerolysis of vegetable oil offers milder operating conditions and higher product selectivity (MAG) but it has high production costs and long processing time. In this study, biodegradable catalysts were used, namely deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on phosponium and choline chloride for glycerolysis of dewaxed/degummed RBO (DDRBO) assisted with microwave irradiation. Effects of different types of DES catalysts (phosphonium and choline chloride based DES) on DES-catalyzed glycerolysis of low quality oil will be evaluated using 5%wt of DES, 300 W(150°C) for about 15 minutes. Out of the four DESs used, DES [TBAB][PTSAM] and DES [ChCl][AcAd] both showed outstanding catalytic performance. Especially [ChCl][AcAd] as a reaction catalyst for DDRBO glycerolysis showed the best catalytic activity, and high selectivity for the formation of monoglycerides (MG). Meanwhile [TBAB][PTSAM] showed high selectivity (92.57%) for diglyceride (DG) formation.
Effect of Hydrolysis Reactor Design on Maltodextrin Production
Authors: Handayani Aniek Sri , Gabryelle Kevin , Setyawan Miliendi Ananda , Syabila Annisa Nurul
Published: February 2024

Maltodextrin is a short-chain polysaccharide compound resulting from the hydrolysis of starch, which is easily soluble in water, so it has very wide applications for food and health. The production of maltodextrin uses the method of reaction of starch hydrolysis with enzymes carried out using fermenters. The temperature used in the fermenter is 95 °C with a residence time of about 12 hours to reduce the risk of failure in the enzymatic reaction. The stirrer used is a turbine with 6 flat blades. The selection of this type because it has an excellent mixing rate, especially for microscale products. The enzymes that react are alpha-amylase at the liquification stage, and the glucoamylase at the saccharification stage. The yield of maltodextrin is 95% and 5% is the remaining water produced based on the starch hydrolysis process that occurs in the fermenter.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hierarchical Structure Au/ZnO Nanocomposites for Possible Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Lalem Aldrin , Dulog Jay C. , Delicana Jared Deve P. , Unabia Romnick , Sayson Noel Lito B. , Capangpangan Rey Y. , Lubguban Arnold A. , Alguno Arnold C.
Published: February 2024

Semiconductor-metal nanocomposites are actively investigated for their diverse applications in emerging fields such as photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and chemical sensing. In this study, we synthesized ZnO semiconductor nanoparticles using a chemical bath deposition method with ZnSO4·7H2O and controlled NH4OH concentrations, facilitated by an anionic surfactant to enable the attachment of Au metal nanoparticles. Au nanoparticles were prepared from HAuCl4 using citrate as a reducing agent, and metal oxide was rapidly introduced to ensure a well-defined nanocomposite with a fixed 75 w/v% composition. Fast Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultra-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy were used to provide clear evidence of Au/ZnO nanocomposite formation through the presence of distinctive peaks around 359nm and 518nm, with Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) revealing contrasting average sizes for ZnO and Au, highlighting the significant size difference in the Au/ZnO nanocomposites. Additionally, the scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDS) analysis confirmed the successful presence of ZnO nanoparticles. These findings offer insights into the potential applications and unique properties of Au/ZnO nanocomposites for possible photocatalytic applications.
Features of the Structural Formation of Tungsten Single Crystals in the Shape of Hollow Rotational Bodies
Authors: Nikitenko Yuriy , Shapovalov Viktor , Yakusha Volodymyr , Gnizdylo Oleksandr , Berdnikova Olena M.
Published: February 2024

The results of the development of the technology for growing super-large single crystals of refractory metals, which were developed at the E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine. Based on proven technology and acquired skills, a new generation of equipment was created that allows the growth of single crystals of refractory alloys in the form of bodies of rotation. Experiments were conducted on growing a single crystal of tungsten in the form of a hollow cylinder, from which it is possible to make such a product as a crucible. Technological parameters and energy regimes were established, which allowed for control of the thickness of the wall to be welded. As a result of the experiments, an ingot with a welded wall height of 68 mm, a thickness of 20–22 mm, and an outer diameter of 85 mm was grown. The structure of the obtained samples was studied.
Application of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Dye Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Marquez Feb Alexis  P. , Fundador Erwin Oliver V. , Fundador Noreen Grace V.
Published: February 2024

A facile one-pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was achieved using the ethanolic extract of Cavendish banana florets as source of reducing agents for the conversion of Ag+ to Ag. The appearance of surface plasmon resonance peak between 410–435 nm in the UV Vis spectra confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The effects of different reaction conditions on the size and concentration of AgNPs were evaluated. The optimum conditions identified were pH 7 at 80 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical AgNPs with a mean particle size of 13.55 nm. On the other hand, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the presence of silver (Ag) as the bulk element (87.25%). Other elements such as carbon (C) and oxygen (O) are attributed to the capping agents of AgNPs which agrees with the results in the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The optimized AgNPs were used for dye degradation using methyl orange (MO) as the model dye under acidified conditions. The maximum MO dye degradation of 96.07% and 77.32% at pH 1.5 and 2 were achieved after 10 min and 1320 min, respectively. This highlights the potential use of green-synthesized AgNPs for dye wastewater treatment.
The use of dermal templates in dermato-surgery and patient perspectives
Authors: Morsia Serena , Paganelli Alessia , Acciardi Alessandra , Alma Antonio , Bertoli Cristina , Reggiani Camilla , Garbarino Federico , Fiorentini Chiara , Ferrari Barbara , Francomano Mariangela , Magnoni Cristina
Published: February 2024

Acellular dermal matrices, currently represent a useful reconstructive method in onco-dermatologic surgery. Nevertheless, they have some limitations, especially in terms of costs and outpatient post-operative wound care. While some studies on their cost-to-benefit ratio in breast surgery have already been issued, evidence is currently lacking in onco-dermatological surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes perceived by patients who had undergone onco-dermatologic surgery in which either acellular dermal matrices or skin grafts had been used as reconstructive methods. A study population of 150 patients was identified retrospectively and patients’ degree of satisfaction was assessed through the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and the Patient Scar Scale Questionnaire. Despite similar scores among the study groups, slightly better results were appreciable after single-stage grafting. However, to what extent these variations really represent a significant difference from a clinical point of view remains to be determined. Moreover, other potential bias in the interpretation of our results may reside in differences in terms of age, body location and baseline tumor size among the study groups. Therefore, further research is needed.
Association of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 Gene Polymorphism with Susceptibility and Severity of Axial Spondyloarthritis in Egyptian Population: A Single-center Case–Control Study
Authors: Saad Mohamed Ahmed , Abdul-Sattar Amal Bakry , Abdelal Ibrahim Tharwat , Barak Ahmed
Published: February 2024

Background:

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a systemic, progressive, autoimmune disease. Complex interactions between environmental factors and host immune responses are the origin of axSpA. Together with human leukocyte antigen (HLA-B27), endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) gene is a potential non-HLA contributor to axSpA susceptibility.

Aim:

This study aimed to identify the role of ERAP1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs30187, rs27044, and rs27037) in susceptibility to and severity of axSpA in Egyptian patients.

Methods:

In this case–control study, we enrolled 120 patients with axSpA and 120 healthy individuals as controls. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to identify ERAP1 polymorphisms.

Results:

The present study revealed no significant association between ERAP1 SNPs (rs30187, rs27044, and rs27037) and axSpA susceptibility in Egyptian patients. A significant relationship was found only between the ERAP1 SNP rs27037 “GT” genotype and axSpA HLA-B27-positive cases, demonstrating a functional interaction between ERAP1 and HLA-B27-positive cases. Our analysis revealed a significant association between the ERAP1 SNP rs27037 “GT and TT” genotypes and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, in addition to an association between the ERAP1 SNP rs27037 “TT” genotype and active enthesitis. The ERAP1 SNP rs27044 “GG” genotype was significantly associated with active enthesitis, but not with clinical axial involvement. Finally, we did not observe a significant relationship between HLA-B27 positivity and disease severity in the studied cases.

Conclusion:

Three SNPs (rs30187, rs27044, and rs27037) in ERAP1 do not confer susceptibility to axSpA in Egyptian patients. This association existed exclusively between the ERAP1 SNP (rs27037) “GT” genotype and axSpA HLA-B27-positive cases.
Decoding Malnutrition Trends in India: A Comprehensive Analysis Using National Family Health Survey Data for Informed Strategies and Interventions
Authors: Modi Bhautik , Sheth Ankit , Panchani Rhythm
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Despite the growth and development, in sectors, malnutrition continues to be a challenge that cannot be ignored. The current study is crafted with the primary objective of exploring the trends in malnutrition in India. It seeks to delve into both direct and indirect determinants, utilising data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) to gain valuable insights into the evolving landscape of nutrition in the country.

Methodology:

The current study was conducted by reviewing the data of all NFHSs available on an online portal. The trend of malnutrition and its direct and indirect determinants were assessed.

Results:

The percentage of children under 5 years who are underweight (weight-for-age) is in decreasing trend from 42.7% (NFHS-2) to 32.1% (NFHS-5). Similarly, the percentage of children under 5 years who are stunted (height-for-age) and/or wasted (weight-for-height) shows decreasing trends. Whereas, the percentage of children under 5 years who are severely wasted (weight-for-height) is increasing trend. Notably, direct and indirect determinants show an improving trend in NFHS-5.

Conclusion:

Although many nutritional indicators such as underweight, stunting and wasting amongst children under 5 years of age show downward trends in India, the area of concern is the upward trend of indicators such as severely wasted (weight-for-height). Direct and indirect determinants for the nutritional indicators such as proper IYCF practices, routine immunisation and anaemia amongst women need to be strengthened, which can help in further improvement in the nutritional status of children below 5 years.
Physiotherapy management in the case of thoracotomy for right lung decortication: A case study
Authors: Prakash R. Harihara , Mehta Jigar Nayankumar , Rathod Jignesh , Prajapati Dhaval , Rathod Kinjal
Published: February 2024

Thoracotomy is used to manage a variety of medical conditions, including lung cancer, pulmonary infections, and chest injuries. Decortication surgery is indicated in the case of a thickened pleural layer leading to atelectasis of the underlying lung parenchyma. It is done to prevent further restriction of the lung parenchyma. Atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumonia, and consolidation following decortication are common complications of the surgery. Physiotherapy following decortication helps in preventing damage to the lungs and also helps in maintaining and regaining good lung function postsurgery. This is a right-sided lung decortication thoracotomy surgical procedure where physiotherapy interventions were given preoperatively and early postsurgical care was taken for adequate lung expansion and to reduce respiratory complications following it. Incentive spirometer (4 times/day) with breath hold technique (3 s.) along with conventional physiotherapy interventions such as chest mobility exercise, breathing exercises, breath control techniques, and early mobilization in the form of long sitting at the end of a bed, high sitting, chair sitting, standing, walking, and stair climbing were improved in chest expansion, functional activities, rating of perceived exertion level, and reduced pain level.
Incidence of sports injuries according to playing style in combat sports
Authors: Yeole Ujwal Lakshman , Patil Sanjana Kisan
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

“Combat Sports” describes a group of sports whose competitive essence consists of direct combat between two competing athletes.

AIMS:

This study evaluated the incidence of the Sports injuries according to playing style in Combat Sports.

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate incidence of sports injuries according to playing style in combat sports by using self-questionnaire.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

Around 178 Combat Sports Players from various sports club across Pune city were approached of which 160 players gave consent to participate in the study. Further 140 players fulfilling inclusion criteria playing with Strike Sports (Taekwondo n = 41, Boxing n = 39) and Non-Strike sports (Judo n = 24, Wrestling n = 31) were selected. Participants were made to fill the Self-made Questionnaire evaluating the Type and Location of injury, Time of injury, Duration for return to Sports Post-injury, and any Psychological issue post injury.

RESULTS:

Total 91 players (Strike n = 43 and Non-Strike n = 48) mentioned to be suffering from some type of Sports injury. The musculoskeletal injuries were found to be most common in both Strike (52.8%) and Non-Strike Sports (52.1%). In Strike sports 26.6% had Upper and 22.8% Lower limb injuries while in Non-Strike Sports 53.6% had Upper limb and 53.6 had Back injuries. Sprain or strain injuries were common in Strike (25%) and Non-Strike sports (35.1%). The occurrence of injuries during Qualifying events was common in Strike (46%) and Non-Strike sports (46.3%). Only 37.2% of Strike and 37.5% Non-Strike Sports players mentioned of ‘Return to Sports’ after complete recovery. Around 18.5% of Strike sports and 32.1% of Non-Strike sports players suffered psychological issues such as difficulty in engaging exercises.

CONCLUSION:

This study concluded that Combat Sports Players are more prone to musculoskeletal injuries. Injuries during the Qualifying events are common. Most of the Players returned to sports without complete recovery and have suffered from psychological issues with difficulty in engaging exercises.
Epstein-Barr virus seroprevalence among inflammatory bowel disease patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Bawardy Badr , Alfadley Abdulaziz F. , Almousallam Mohammed , AlShathri Saad , Aboueissa Mohamed , Alsulaiman Abdulrahman , Attamimi Mashary , AlMutairdi Abdulelah
Published: February 2024

Background:

Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is variable based on geographic distribution. There are no published data on the seroprevalence of EBV in patients with IBD in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to assess the seroprevalence of EBV in patients with IBD in a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

This is a retrospective chart review of patients ≥14 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD and known EBV status at our institution from January 1, 2018, to January 1, 2023. The primary outcome was the seroprevalence of EBV in IBD. Secondary outcomes included factors associated with EBV seropositivity and rates of EBV seroconversion in originally negative patients.

Results:

A total of 150 patients were included (74.7% with Crohn’s disease, median age 28 years [interquartile range 21-36.3]). EBV non-exposure was noted in 16.8% (n= 25). The mean age was significantly lower in the EBV-naïve group at 26 ± 8.5 years compared to the EBV-exposed group at 31.2 ± 12.9 years (P= 0.02). Seroprevalence of EBV was highest in patients >40 years of age (92.9%) and lowest in patients 14-25 years of age (78.2%). The rate of seroconversion in EBV-naïve patients was 16.7% after a mean follow-up time of 47.9 ± 46.3 months.

Conclusion:

In our cohort of IBD patients, 16.8% were naïve to EBV, and young age was a significant predictor of EBV non-exposure. Our data supports the practice of assessing EBV before initiating thiopurine therapy since EBV seroprevalence is not universal in our population.
Neoadjuvant Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy Followed by Selective Bladder Preservation Chemoradiotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Post Hoc Analysis of Two Prospective Studies
Authors: Cho Sung Wook , Lim Sung Hee , Kwon Ghee Young , Kim Chan Kyo , Park Won , Pyo Hongryull , Chung Jae Hoon , Song Wan , Sung Hyun Hwan , Jeong Byong Chang , Park Se Hoon
Published: February 2024

Purpose Bladder preservation chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with a clinical complete response (cCR) following cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a promising treatment strategy for muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (MIBC). A combined analysis of raw data from two prospective phase II studies was performed to better evaluate the feasibility of selective bladder preservation CRT.Materials and Methods The analysis was based on primary efficacy data from two independent studies, including 76 MIBC patients receiving NAC followed by bladder preservation CRT. The efficacy data included metastasis-free survival (MFS) and disease-free survival (DFS). For the present analysis, starting point of survival was defined as the date of commencing CRT.Results Among 76 patients, 66 had a cCR following NAC. Sixty-four patients received gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) combination chemotherapy in neoadjuvant setting, and 12 received nivolumab plus GC. Bladder preservation CRT following NAC was generally well-tolerated, with low urinary tract symptoms being the most common late complication. With a median follow-up of 64 months, recurrence was recorded in 43 patients (57%): intravesical only (n=20), metastatic only (n=16), and both (n=7). In 27 patients with intravesical recurrence, transurethral resection, and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment was given to 17 patients. Salvage cystectomy was performed in 10 patients. Median DFS was 46.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.1 to 67.5) months, and the median MFS was not reached. Neither DFS nor MFS appeared to be affected by any of the baseline characteristics. However, DFS was significantly longer in patients with a cCR than in those without (hazard ratio, 0.465; 95% CI, 0.222 to 0.976).Conclusion The strategy of NAC followed by selective bladder preservation CRT based on the cCR is feasible in the treatment of MIBC. A standardized definition of cCR is needed to better assess disease status post-NAC.
Comparison of preoxygenation with a high-flow nasal cannula and a simple face mask before intubation in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Jo Jun-Young , Yoon Jungpil , Jang Heeyoon , Kim Wook-Jong , Ku Seungwoo , Choi Seong-Soo
Published: February 2024

Background: Although preoxygenation is an essential procedure for safe endotracheal intubation, in some cases securing sufficient time for tracheal intubation may not be possible. Patients with head and neck cancer might have a difficult airway and need a longer time for endotracheal intubation. We hypothesized that the extended apneic period with preoxygenation via a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is beneficial to patients who undergo head and neck surgery compared with preoxygenation with a simple mask. Methods The study was conducted as a single-center, single-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Patients were divided into groups based on one of the two preoxygenation methods: HFNC group or simple facemask (mask group). Preoxygenation was performed for 5 minutes with each method, and endotracheal intubation for all patients was performed using a video laryngoscope. Oxygen partial pressures of the arterial blood were compared at the predefined time points.Results: For the primary outcome, the mean arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) immediately after intubation was 454.2 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], 416.9–491.5 mm Hg) in the HFNC group and 370.7 mmHg (95% CI, 333.7–407.4) in the mask group (P=0.002). The peak PaO2 at T2 was not statistically different between the groups (P=0.355).Conclusions: Preoxygenation with a HFNC extending to the apneic period before endotracheal intubation may be beneficial in patients with head and neck cancer.
Outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in pediatric hemato-oncology patients
Authors: An Hong Yul , Kang Hyoung Jin , Park June Dong
Published: February 2024

Background: In this study, we reviewed the outcomes of pediatric patients with malignancies who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of pediatric hemato-oncology patients treated with chemotherapy or HSCT and who received ECMO in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Seoul National University Children’s Hospital from January 2012 to December 2020.Results: Over a 9-year period, 21 patients (14 males and 7 females) received ECMO at a single pediatric institute; 10 patients (48%) received veno-arterial (VA) ECMO for septic shock (n=5), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (n=3), stress-induced myopathy (n=1), or hepatopulmonary syndrome (n=1); and 11 patients (52%) received veno-venous (VV) ECMO for ARDS due to pneumocystis pneumonia (n=1), air leak (n=3), influenza (n=1), pulmonary hemorrhage (n=1), or unknown etiology (n=5). All patients received chemotherapy; 9 received anthracycline drugs and 14 (67%) underwent HSCT. Thirteen patients (62%) were diagnosed with malignancies and 8 (38%) were diagnosed with non-malignant disease. Among the 21 patients, 6 (29%) survived ECMO in the PICU and 5 (24%) survived to hospital discharge. Among patients treated for septic shock, 3 of 5 patients (60%) who underwent ECMO and 5 of 10 patients (50%) who underwent VA ECMO survived. However, all the patients who underwent VA ECMO or VV ECMO for ARDS died. Conclusions: ECMO is a feasible treatment option for respiratory or heart failure in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy or undergoing HSCT.