bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptual Experiences of (Depicted) Absence
Authors: Voltolini Alberto
Published: December 2024

At least since Sorensen (2008) and Farennikova (2013), an important debate has been raised as regards whether one can experientially perceive absences. Three main positions have been discussed: radical perceptualism, cognitivism, and metacognitivism. In this paper, first of all, I want to claim that perceptualism can be maintained in a moderate form, once one explains the proper role that the relevant expectations play, as weakly cognitively penetrating one’s perception of absence in its phenomenal difference from a previous perceptual experience. Moreover, I want to claim that a similar result can be applied to pictorial perceptual experiences of absences, once one takes pictorial experience as a genuine yet sui generis perceptual seeing-in experience.
An Ecofriendly Potentiometric Technique to Measure the Iodine Values of Animal Fats
Authors: Dhanavel Nandhini , Nandakrishnan Meenakshi
Published: December 2024

The development of green analytical methods is becoming increasingly important in today’s world as we strive to reduce our environmental impact. Wijs’s method is one of the analytical experiments used to determine the iodine value in fat/oil contribute to the environmental impact and are not aligned with the growing demand for eco-friendly practices. The problem that is being addressed is the environmental damage caused by the use of toxic chemicals from traditional chemical methods in analytical experiments. The developed green potentiometric method for determining the iodine value in animal fats yielded notable results. Comparative analysis of the iodine values (g I2/100 g of oil) of Silkworm pupae oil (SPO), Black soldier larvae oil (BSLO), Milk scum oil (MSO) and Chicken fat oil (CFO) obtained from the traditional Wijs method (Wijs manual WM and Wijs auto WA) and the green method (Green manual GM and Green auto GA) showed close agreement. Students’t-test and Snedecor F test were performed and confirmed the accuracy of the four methods at a confidence level of 95% and 99%. The comparable results obtained from the green method validate its accuracy and reliability. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis enhanced the understanding of unsaturation levels in animal fats and contributing to a comprehensive assessment of their composition and properties. Moreover, the greenness of analytical procedures was evaluated by Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical GREEnness calculator (AGREE). This study advances greener analytical methods and facilitates the analysis of animal fats in various research and industrial applications.
qPCR Analysis of DNA Extracted from Adulterated Personal Care Products Using a Modified CTAB-based DNA Extraction Method
Authors: Bakar Siti , Tulimin Azmaniza , Aminudin Norhaniza , Bakar Nor
Published: December 2024

Personal care and cosmetic products are susceptible to adulteration due to the high market demand. Manufacturers tend to substitute plant-based materials with animal-derived alternatives as a cost-saving measure. The unlabelled adulterated ingredients arouse concern among consumers, especially the vegan community, as this fraudulent action can lead to adverse effects such as intoxication and allergy. To overcome this issue, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) is an ideal technique for species identification based on specific primer design to detect targeted DNA from adulterated personal care products. In this work, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) used for DNA extraction method was modified to ensure successful detection and authentication of target species in personal care products. Robustness of the modified CTAB method was evaluated by comparing the DNA purity and yield across various samples. The developed CTAB method showed a promising result of DNA A260/280 purity ratio ranging 1.15-2.12, whereas the commercial kits ranged 1.39-3.34 and 1.55-1.79 for the PowerPrepTM Gelatin DNA Extraction Kit and the PrimeWay Plant DNA Extraction Kit respectively. The extracted DNA were further analysed using qPCR, revealing detectable DNA in all tested products except for the shampoo sample used in this study, with concentration of porcine DNA ranging 2.94 x 10-4 - 1.46 x 10-2. This modified CTAB method can be served as effective in-house method for species authentication in common personal care products.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS: A META-ANALYSİS THE CASE OF THE TURKEY
Authors: Battal Fetullah
Published: December 2024

The aim and scope of this study is to examine the direct relationship between emotional intelligence and communication skills through articles published in national/international refereed journals and using empirical data obtained from samples focused on Turkey. In order to reveal this relationship, the meta-analysis method was preferred with the help of the CMA program. As a result of the study, it was seen that twenty-five articles with correlation values had positive and significant relationships at a medium-high level (EB=-0.460, p
Trauma und Resilienz in der Psychoanalyse
Authors: Csef Herbert
Published: December 2024

Pioniere der Traumaforschung wie Hans Keilson oder Boris Cyrulnik haben selbst traumatische Extrembelastungen durch das Naziregime erlitten, aber auch eine beeindruckende Resilienz gezeigt. Ihre Leistungen und Biografien werden einleitend dargestellt. Basierend auf ihren Erkenntnissen widmeten sich verschiedene Wissenschaftsbereiche der Resilienz und präzisierten Phänomene wie das posttraumatische Wachstum und die transgenerationale Traumatransmission. Herbert Csef beschreibt die Errungenschaften verschiedener Forschungszweige, die sich mit Trauma und Resilienz auseinandergesetzt haben – wie Epigenetik, Hirnforschung und Neuropsychoanalyse –, macht diese für die klinisch-psychotherapeutische Praxis fruchtbar und gibt damit wichtige Impulse für Verbindungen von Psychoanalyse und positiver Traumatherapie.
Mª Mar Galindo y Mª Carmen Méndez (Eds.) (2022). La lingüística del amor: de la pasión a la palabra. Editorial Pie de Página. 330 pp. ISBN: 978-84-124060-2-3.
Authors: Machado Contreras María , Lucena Martín María Jesús , Xie Huijuan
Published: December 2024

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/s/ aspiration in Andalusian Spanish in word internal position and across word boundaries: an experimental study of four cities
Authors: O'Neill Paul
Published: December 2024

This study presents acoustic data relating to the realisation of coda /s/ in four cities in Andalusia. It differs from the majority of recent studies in that it analyses the effects of coda /s/ on all types of consonants, both word-internally and across word-boundaries. In the latter context, different morphological values of /s/ are also analysed. The results suggest that the phonological system of Andalusian Spanish is being radically altered. In word internal position, the historical effects of /s/ aspiration are producing a series of new incipient phonemic distinctions of which the most robust are elongated and/or aspirated consonants. As for across word-boundaries, the findings are only significantly different from word-internal coda /s/ for the city of Seville. For the speech of this city, it seems that /s/ has been lost / is being lost when it is a marker of 2sg on verbs and plural on nouns. However, when /s/ is part of lexeme, i.e. in the word dos ‘two’, the phonetic cues are robust and similar to those in word-internal position. I end the article with a tentative hypothesis as to how this situation could be effecting the morphological system and point to possible future developments.
El humanismo etnográfico
Authors: De Martino Ernesto
Published: December 2024

Pequeño, pero significativo capítulo de su libro póstumo sobre los Apocalipsis culturales, en el que Ernesto de Martino se extiende sobre los conceptos de etnocentrismo y pensamiento crítico.
"Antropología socio-cultural". Prontuario personal de motivos.
Authors: Lisón Tolosana Carmelo
Published: December 2024

Presento en brevedad un prontuario personal de conceptos que me han estimulado en mi trabajo de campo e interpretación del material recogido. Comienzo exponiendo mi modo de pensamiento focalizado en la cultura en la sociedad y esta encarnada en la cultura. Siguen unas líneas sugiriendo el tipo de realidad que estudiamos, concretamente qué es qué, cómo es algo y cómo ese algo se presenta como objeto de nuestra disciplina, cómo lo configuramos desde su potencia icónica y simbólica. De nuestro talismán, el trabajo de campo paso a nuestro forte la interpretación hermenéutica de los vocabularios locales de modos de vida, de creencias y cánones de pensamiento que quiebran nuestras categorías clásicas separadoras y disyuntivas y que nos ofrecen una importante aportación de la Antropología al conocimiento de lo singular humano, de la culturación de la ciencia en un holismo analógico conjuntivo que hace humanística a nuestra disciplina.
El museo como plaza pública. Juan Luis Moraza en el Reina Sofía.
Authors: Torres Jurado Juan Jesús
Published: December 2024

Entre el lenguaje y su construcción ideal, la investigación conceptual que Juan Luis Moraza (Vitoria-Gasteiz, 1960) drena en una creación de espacios habitados por el propio artista. El Museo Reina Sofía reunió una amplia selección de su trabajo en República, exposición que a su vez se transformaba en el Museo de Moraza, lugar para la participación, espacio donde el espectador es fundamental en el proceso de renovación propuesto. República planteó una introspección en la crisis de la representación, indagó en el dilema que propone el ornamento, las licencias del espacio público y el rol del espectador para la instauración de un sistema de "implejidades", confluencia entre complejidad e implicación.
Discontinuidad histórica y continuidades antropológicas en el arte contemporáneo. Entrevista a Thierry Dufrene
Authors: Cabello Padial Gabriel , Dufrêne Thierry
Published: December 2024

Partiendo de los temas de interés de Thierry Dufrene, actual director del Centro Pierre Francastel, este diálogo se plantea el problema de las rupturas acaecidas en el ámbito del arte contemporáneo tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Así, tomando ejemplos como los de Giacometti o Dalí, se aprecian rupturas históricas y políticas entre su obra anterior y posterior a la guerra. Y sin embargo, vemos también que existen una serie de continuidades de tipo antropológico. El problema de la proyección psíquica que han estudiado los neurólogos o el del movimiento real aparecen como continuidades entre el surrealismo y la contemporaneidad que deben juzgarse desde una perspectiva más amplia, antropológica, desde la cual pueden entenderse como cercanos a aquellos planteados por los autómatas y por el doble antropológico.
Lorenzo Higueras Cortés. In memoriam
Authors: Nogueras Valdivieso Enrique
Published: December 2024

Necrológica del profesor Lorenzo Higueras, miembro de la redacción de Imago Crítica.
hombre que revolucionó la museología: Georges Henri Rivière
Authors: Segalen Martine
Published: December 2024

Georges-Henry Riviere ( 1897-1985) fue un museógrafo y etnólogo francés del periodo clásico de la antropología gala que revolucionó las maneras expositivas. El Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares de París fue su creación más lograda, y se convirtió a partir de su inauguración en los años setenta en una referente mundial de la museografía. Cerrado en los dos mil, sus colecciones fueron transferidas a Marsella. Con motivo de la exposición que el museo de esta ciudad, Mucem, le dedicó en el año 2018, Martine Segalen, antigua directora del ATP de París, reflexiona sobre algunos aspectos de su contribución.
Recuerdos figurados: "fotos de familia" en Sicilia
Authors: Perricone Rosario
Published: December 2024

"La vida no es la que uno vivió, sino la que uno recuerda y cómo la recuerda para contarla". Tomando prestadas las palabras de Gabriel García Márquez, el ensayo analiza una galería de imágenes fotográficas que representan "fotos familiares" realizadas en Sicilia entre el final del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del siglo XX, que se ubican en un espacio intermedio entre las tradiciones orales y las tradiciones escritas, convirtiéndose en" objeto biográfico". El análisis del corpus fotográfico investiga lasconexiones entre los diferentes eventos que la imagen ha experimentado (producción, transmisión, fruición). Es en su "historia de vida", en su paso de una generación a otra, de un cierto tipo de representación de las relaciones a otro, que estas fotografías revelan plenamente que se trata de un tipo particular de "objeto biográfico" capaz de estimular relatos a través del recuerdo de sus poseedores. La fotografía se inserta así dentro de un esquema ya elaborado y probado, el ciclo de vida humana ( desde la cuna hasta el ataúd), marcado por sus "ritos de paso" en la rígida observancia de la importancia de la familia con respecto al contexto social.
Fragmentos autobiográficos de la sociedad tribal bereber marroquí
Authors: Hart David Montgomery
Published: December 2024

Tomando como punto de partida sus recuerdos, hilvanados a la muerte de su esposa, Úrsula, con quien había compartido toda su experiencia de trabajo de campo enel Rifyel Atlas marroquí, desde finales de los años cincuenta, el conocido antropólogo, defensor de la teoría de la segmentariedad tribal, David Montgomery Hart ( 1927-2001), traza un cuadro autobiográfico, trufado de puntualizaciones antropológicas. Este texto forma parte de su autobiografía inédita.
Arte escrita ... 10 re-escrituras del arte en femenino
Authors: Montoro Araque Mercedes
Published: December 2024

Arte escrita ... es ante todo, una re-escritura del arte que se marca como objetivo fundamental centrarse en ciertos fenómenos que, en palabras de la editora, son "los máximos responsables de la nueva noción de lo artístico". Entre ellos, destacan la voluntad de integración de los diferentes medios de expresión artísticos, así como el cuestionamiento de la jerarquización de las artes, lo cual conlleva la aceptación y práctica de las artes consideradas "menores". En definitiva, la comprensión del arte como praxis, y de dicha praxis vital como batalla continua contra la institucionalización del arte.
Presencia de la India en la obra de Eduardo Mallea
Authors: Gasquet Axel
Published: December 2024

Este ensayo examina el considerable impacto que tuvo en la narrativa de Eduardo Mallea su visita a la India en 1956, explorando su obra de ficción y sus escritos testimoniales. Mallea (1903-1982) fue un escritor de amplia gravitación en la cultura Argentina entre 1940 y 1960. Su narrativa es resueltamente urbana y sus personajes cultivan un marcado perfil psicológico, destacando el tono existencialista de sus obras. Colaborador de la revista Sur, dirigió por más de dos décadas el suplemento cultural del diario La Nación ejerciendo una cierta tutela literaria durante una época que vio emerger nuevos universos literarios.
El núcleo duro mesoamericano. ¿Entre la unidad y la diversidad?
Authors: Carrillo Muñoz Siddharta Jomás
Published: December 2024

En este trabajo se ofrece una revisión crítica del concepto de núcleo duro formulado por Alfredo López Austin, concepto compartido por una corriente dominante en los estudios mesoamericanos. Partiendo del debate protagonizado por el historiador y diversos etnólogos en torno a los problemas de la unidad y la diversidad de la tradición mesoamericana, se hace una suerte de lectura "sintomática" (Althusser, 2004) del planteamiento sobre el núcleo duro para identificar los supuestos que subyacen al concepto. De este modo, se muestra que la adopción del postulado del núcleo duro mesoamericano conduce peligrosamente a una visión cuasi-esencialista de la cultura que sirve de sustento a lo que Pedro Pitarch ha llamado el "canon mesoamericano", es decir, al excesivo énfasis sobre el dato histórico y arqueológico como marco para el estudio de los actuales pueblos indígenas de México. Por último, se señalan algunos retos para la investigación etnohistórica que se derivan de este concepto, la necesidad de despojarlo de su condición de postulado para convertirlo en hipótesis, y las generalidades de una posible senda productiva para la investigación que se desprenden de los planteamientos del propio Alfredo López Austin.
La rebelión y sus imágenes. Los levantamientos según Georges Didi-Huberman
Authors: Cabello Padial Gabriel
Published: December 2024

Reseña de la exposición Soulèvements, comisariada por Georges Didi-Huberman en el Muse del Jeu de Paume (París)
Architectural image in European medieval painting: Symbolism and role in the depiction
Authors: Gabrava Valeriya Arkad'evna , Barsukov Evgeny Mikhailovich
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to determine the significance of the architectural image in the works of Western European medieval art. The article examines the features of this phenomenon, as well as various interpretations of basic symbolic objects. Illustrations from manuscripts and codices of the 12th-15th centuries, which depict architectural objects and spaces, served as the material for the study. The analysis of the architectural image was carried out both in denotative and connotative readings. The scientific novelty lies in the interdisciplinary approach, since art history studies are conducted from the standpoint of the theory and history of architecture. As a result, conclusions were made about the unconditional symbolic nature of the architectural image in the period under consideration, examples of the active participation of the architectural image in building the composition and plot in the depiction are shown, and assumptions are made about the role of context in the interpretation of the architectural image. The final conclusions can be included in the study devoted to the evolution of the architectural image from the moment of the first descriptions to the end of the classical period.
The linguistic nature of advertising texts and Internet memes
Authors: Evtykh Ella Ibragimovna , Ryabinina Alevtina Gennadievna
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to identify linguistic features, communicative functions and mechanisms of influence on the audience of Internet meme and advertising texts based on a comparative analysis of the phenomena under consideration. The article considers the Internet meme and advertising as objects of mass information and communication space. The paper also examines advertising texts and Internet memes as various forms of media texts with a hybrid nature. The analysis of the intertextual connections of the studied phenomena was carried out, which made it possible to identify their structural and substantive features. Special attention is paid to the communicative function of these texts, their ability to influence the recipient and perform the role of mass communication media. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematic comparison of the texts of the Internet meme and advertising as various forms of media content to identify common and distinctive features of the phenomena under review. As a result of the study, similar forms and common functions were identified. It has been established that both phenomena differ significantly in goals and areas of application, which is valuable for further research in the field of media linguistics and digital communication.
Formation of phonetic skills in the process of learning to read: The development of a workbook on Russian as a foreign language for Arabic-speaking students
Authors: Aganina Regina Rifkatovna , Gabdrakhmanova Polina Leonidovna
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between the effectiveness of the formation of sound-speaking skills in the process of learning to read in Russian and the use of educational materials prepared taking into account the peculiarities of phonetic interference among students who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. The article analyzes the teaching methodology implemented as part of a pedagogical experiment, which is aimed at developing the phonemic hearing of students during their mastering of reading techniques at the initial stage of learning the Russian language (level A1), when sound-speaking skills are formed and automated. It actively contributes to the successful transition to correct, fluent and conscious reading aloud in the future (level A2). Thus, the authors studied Russian vocalism in the speech of Arabic-speaking students, revealed the connection between errors of sound pronunciation and the features of Arabic vocalism (taking into account dialect features), phonotactics, structural features of the Arabic syllable; prepared, tested and supplemented training materials with tasks to correct identified errors and methodological guidelines for teachers. The use of the publication of these materials and its results was analyzed. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development and substantiation of the effectiveness of the technology for the formation of phonetic skills in the process of learning to read: firstly, the use of some traditional speech therapy techniques during the experiment; secondly, the presentation of specially prepared comparative explanations to students in an accessible form and the teaching of elements of linguistic analysis which, as established by the authors, contributes to the removal of many pronunciation difficulties in learning to read and increases its effectiveness. The result of the study: the development and use of educational materials prepared taking into account the peculiarities of phonetic interference, make it possible to predict possible pronunciation difficulties and modify the learning process of Arabic-speaking students, improve the methodology of using teaching techniques that effectively form reading techniques, prepare a workbook for publishing, including tasks for correcting errors in the reproduction of vowel sounds of the Russian language specified by the peculiarities of Arabic vocalism, phonotactics, as well as the specifics of the structure of the Arabic syllable. The described experiment demonstrates the learning outcomes corresponding to the planned ones and shows the expected dynamics of the development of reading skills.
Communicative failures in machine translation of informative press releases from English into Russian
Authors: Filyasova Yulia Anatolyevna , Chernyavskaya Alyona Arkadievna
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to determine the quality of machine translation of English press releases into Russian in terms of semantic, stylistic and communicative adequacy. The article considers examples of communicative failures and analyses the reasons for the inadequacy of machine translation. The scientific novelty of the research consists in revealing violations of linguistic norms of the Russian language in the translated text of informative governmental press releases characterized by the high diplomatic style. The study found that communicative failures – violations of the norms of the Russian language – occur as a result of literal translation without analyzing the wider linguistic context, selection of an adequate meaning or significant translation transformations at the level of syntactic constructions, such as modulation, displacement, omission, addition, and others. Avoiding such communicative failures requires training of the machine translation system in the rules of the Russian language, English-Russian translation equivalents corresponding to the official business style, and replenishment of the language base.
Linguistic representation of the game component of the children’s worldview in the novels “All the Lost Things” by M. Sacks and “Paddy Clark Ha Ha Ha” by R. Doyle
Authors: Korolkova Anna Vladislavovna
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to identify linguistic ways of describing a child’s play activity. The analysis is based on the material of the English-language novels “All the Lost Things” by M. Sacks and “Paddy Clark Ha Ha Ha” by R. Doyle, in which the narrative is conducted in the first person. In the course of the work, the episodes containing descriptions of children’s games were analyzed, the linguistic units used by the authors to describe the gameplay were identified, their classification and quantitative analysis were presented. In this study, the game is considered as a separate component of the child’s worldview and for the first time the ways of its representation by linguistic elements of different levels are comprehensively analyzed. The obtained data on the linguistic markers used in the framework of the works under consideration constitute the scientific novelty of this work. As a result, it was found that lexical and grammatical means can equally be used for a realistic representation of the game. Stylistic techniques, in turn, reflect the perception of the process by the narrator child. At the same time, the personality of the narrator and the author’s idea determine by what means and how much detail the game will be presented in the text.
On the overcoming of the depairing current density in the hot spot of superconducting single-photon detector
Authors:   Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Russia, Moscow, Malaya Pirogovskaya st., 1, b. 1, Korotkov D.Yu. , Semenov A.V. ,   Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Russia, Moscow, Malaya Pirogovskaya st., 1, b. 1,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Russia, Moscow reg., Dolgoprudny, Institutsky lane, 9
Published: December 2024

In this paper the stability of the state with vortices in a “hot spot” – the region with the suppressed order parameter in a thin superconducting film – is investigated. We perform out analysis within linear London theory, with order parameter inside the hot spot much smaller than the order parameter outside. To understand the stability of the state the energy barrier for vortex unbinding is calculated and the supermomentum at which the barrier falls to zero is found. The result demonstrates the stabilization of vortices due to repulsion from the boundaries of the hot spot, and shows that the critical supermomentum inside the hot spot exceeds the critical supermomentum in the uniform situation.
JEWISH PERCEPTION OF THE POLICY OF FORCED CHRISTIANIZATION IN BYZANTINE (the second half of the IXth century)
Authors: MELNYKOVYCH Ruslan
Published: December 2024

In the latter half of the 9th century, certain Jewish communities within the Byzantine Empire experienced significant upheaval. This turmoil stemmed from Emperor Basil I's (867–886) efforts to compel these communities to forsake Judaism and convert to Christianity. Basil I, the founder of the Macedonian dynasty, implemented a policy of forced conversion that affected the entire state. However, the enforcement of this policy, which apparently involved military intervention, was regionally focused. Specifically, it targeted a segment of the Jewish population in the southern part of the Apennine Peninsula. This area provides the primary references to the emotional and physical coercion employed during the Christianization efforts.
These events left a profound impact on the collective memory of the local Jewish communities, an impact that is reflected in their liturgical and historical writings. The article analyzes various textual sources from the 9th to 13th centuries, originating from the southern Italian region, to explore the perceptions of forced Christianization policies from the perspective of the Byzantine Jews who were directly affected. The sources considered include a penitential prayer by Rabbi Silano of Venosa, several pieces of Jewish liturgical poetry by Amitai ben Shefatia and an anonymous poet published by Benjamin Klar, the homiletic midrash “Aggadat Bereshit” (dating to the late 9th or early 10th century), and the apocalyptic work “The Vision of Daniel” (whose date ranges from the 10th to the 13th centuries). Additionally, the family chronicle of Ahima'az ben Paltiel of Capua, written in 1054, serves as an indirect non-religious source representing the experiences of forced conversions.
The examination of these sources reveals that they collectively represent the traumatic experiences of Jews compelled to abandon their faith against their will. The forced renunciation of Judaism created profound internal conflicts within the Jewish community. Over time, the coerced oaths of conversion to Christianity came to be perceived as false promises, for which the Jews did not hold themselves accountable. The figure of Emperor Basil I is portrayed with significant resentment in these sources, marking him as a formidable and negative presence deeply ingrained in the historical memory of this ethno-religious community. Furthermore, Byzantium itself is depicted as a foreign and hostile entity. The memory of forced conversions has been preserved through the centuries, notably in the Achima'atz family chronicle, and has attained a certain sacredness in “The Vision of Daniel”.

Keywords: Byzantium, Basil I “the Macedonian”, Judaism, Jews, policy of conversion, Christianization, perception of authority.
Characteristics of The Development of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ukraine and Peculiarities of Epidemiologic Surveillance
Authors: Korolenko V.V. , Mokhort H.A. , Petrusevych T.V. , Korolenko V.V.
Published: December 2024

In December 2019, the world faced a new challenge — an outbreak of the disease caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. On March 11, 2020, WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to overcome it, previously tested strategies and measures of prevention and control were implemented, as well as the latest digital approaches, new political, diplomatic and socio-economic solutions were also applied, which, together with classical approaches, made it possible to finally overcome the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Objective — to investigate the development of the pandemic of the acute respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Ukraine and the organization of epidemiologic surveillance for COVID-19 in the country.
Materials and methods. An observational population study was conducted. Epidemiological, medical-statistical and bibliosemantic methods were used.
Results and discussion. The weekly morbidity rate varied from 8.28 to 371.39, mortality — from 0.26 to 11.19, lethality — from 1.29 to 5.93 %. The rate of increase/decrease of confirmed cases ranged from —60.92 to 101.21 %, deaths — from —53.66 to 131.25 %. In the age structure of those infected with COVID-19, the largest share is people aged 50—59 years old (18.3 %), among the dead — people > 70 years old (55.64 %). The highest mortality rate in the age group of ≥ 70 years old is 9.78 %. The morbidity rate by region ranged from 1.93 to 753.08, the mortality rate from 0.06 to 25.3. The Electronic Integrated Surveillance System for Infectious Diseases was launched in May 2020 to monitor COVID-19, and data exchange with the Electronic Health Care System was subsequently implemented.
Conclusions. The development and implementation of effective strategies to combat new infectious diseases, including preparedness and response plans, allow you to prepare for future epidemics and pandemics, an important role in this is played by data analysis, in particular the systematic collection, processing and interpretation of data, in order to assess the current situation and forecast and determine the effectiveness measures taken.
The Role of Higher Educational Institutions in the Training of Physician Specialists for the Management of Tuberculosis
Authors: Makoida I.Ya. , Ostrovskyy M.M. , Molodovets O.B. , Melnyk–Sheremeta O.P. , Zuban A.B. , Shevchuk–Budz U.I.
Published: December 2024

The training of a specialist doctor, to one degree or another, competent in modern phthisiology plays the role of one of the cornerstones of a successful medical reform of phthisiology. Despite new achievements in diagnosis and treatment, the issue of combating tuberculosis (TB) remains extremely relevant. A new understanding and vision of this process is the need to create interdisciplinary teams of teachers for the integrated teaching of comorbid pathologies in the study of phthisiology, even in the conditions of undergraduate and, therefore, postgraduate education. After all, a patient with TB is a whole «bouquet» of ailments that requires a very careful attitude in terms of preventing potential.Orientation of European Integration of Ukraine requires changes not only foreign political vectors and in the basis points of understanding of society. Delegating a significant percentage of the functions of care a patient with tuberculosis to family medicine, requires the formation of a cohort of professionals operating the basic specifications and technologies, which until now were the preference of a narrow field - phthisiology. In response to today’s challenges, it is important, in our opinion, to train specialists from all branches of medicine involved in the process of diagnosing, treating, and preventing tuberculosis. Medical education cannot exist separately from practice. The patient is not a test that is enough to solve to get a certificate. A doctor’s work with a sick person is painstaking, tiring work that requires a lot of effort. How not to lose a patient, where to take medicine, what to do with internally displaced persons, how to prevent diseases and thousands more questions that need to be responded to in a timely manner and have a quality answer. Because the possibility of achieving ambitious goals in the future depends on the competence of the doctor today. This is a world free from tuberculosis.The aim of the article — to substantiate the special role of higher medical education institutions in Ukraine in training specialists equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary for tuberculosis control, taking into account trends related to modern social demands and needs.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Martial Law on the Dynamics of Tuberculosis in Sumy Region
Authors: Duzhyi I.D. , Hlynenko V.V. , Myronov P.F. , Biehouliev O.Ye.
Published: December 2024

Objective — to track the impact of extreme situations (pandemic-epidemic of coronavirus infection and martial law caused by the invasion of our country by Russian occupiers) on the dynamics of tuberculosis in the northeastern region of Sumy during the period 2018—2023 based on key epidemiological indicators.
Materials and methods. We observed 3,379 patients with tuberculosis and 131,144 patients with COVID-19. Tuberculosis patients were divided into three groups with a duration of two years: 2018—2019 (group 1), 2020—2021 (group 2), 2022—2023 (group 3). During the development of the topic, the leading epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in Sumy region from 2018 till 2023 were studied, related to the imposition of martial law and the spread of the coronavirus infection.
Results and discussion. The first group of the study included 1,445 individuals, the second group — 895, and the third group — 1,039. Thus, during 2018—2019, the absolute number of tuberculosis cases was 1.6 times higher than in the second group and 1.3 times higher than in the third group. The highest incidence rate was recorded in 2018 — 69.7 per 100,000 population, while the lowest incidence was in 2020 — 41.9 per 100,000 population. The mortality rate gradually decreased: in group 1 — it averaged 11.2 per 100,000 population, in group 2 — 8.75 per 100,000 population, and in group 3 — 5.64 per 100,000 population. The impact on the epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in the Sumy region in 2018—2023 against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic-epidemic and martial law was studied. The above indicates a gradual decrease in morbidity from 2019—2022, which can be explained by quarantine measures regarding COVID-19 and a decrease in migration processes due to military actions.
Conclusions. In Sumy region, a decrease in tuberculosis morbidity was registered in 2020—2023, which can be explained by the pandemic-epidemic of coronavirus infection and the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine, but already in 2023 a tendency to increase in morbidity was noted with a forecast increase for 2024 and 2025.
The Impact of the Risk Factors on Generalisation of Tuberculosis Infection During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lesnic E. , Todoriko L.D. , Semianiv I.O. , Niguleanu A.
Published: December 2024

The epidemiological indicators of tubeculosis during the COVID-19 pandemic showed an increased rate of late detected forms of tuberculosis (TB) with multiple sites involvement and unfavourable treatment outcome.
Objective — to establish the impact of the risk factors on progression and generalisation of TB infection in epidemiological context of COVID-19 pandemic (2020—2023) for identification of targeted interventions to mitigate the pandemic's impact on healthcare control efforts, addressing both clinical and social determinants of TB.
Materials and methods. A prospective, case-control study which included 270 patients with pulmonary TB registered during 2020—2023, when the COVID-19 pandemic was declared in the Republic of Moldova, was conducted. The patients were distributed in two groups: study group included 84 patients diagnosed with pulmonary location with associted at least 2 extrapulmonary locations (generalised TB) and control group — 186 patients, diagnosed with pulmonary TB.
Results and discussion. The major risk factors for progression and generalization of TB infection in extrapulmonary sites were: male gender, patient’s disadvantaged social economical state, and harmful habits (tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse). The late detection was caused by the barriers in accessing the healthcare services specific to the COVID-19 pandemic period, lack of health insurance and low rate of microbiologically confirmed cases. A strong correlation was obtained between unfavourable treatment outcome and patient’s disadvantaged social economical state harmful habits, and lung destruction.
Conclusions. The risk factors which are involved in the generalisation of tuberculous infection are social economical disadvantaged state with associated harmful habits, and conditions defining low accessibility to healthcare services. It is recommended to screen annually the patients with enumerated risk factors and to facilitate their accessibility to specialised healthcare services for early diagnosis and for ensuring the treatment success.
Current Epidemiological Situation of Tuberculosis in Ukraine and Chernivtsi Region
Authors: Todoriko L.D. , Pidverbetskyi O.Ya. , Shevchenko O.S. , Pidverbetska O.V.
Published: December 2024

Military conflicts have a negative impact on the epidemiology of various diseases, among which tuberculosis is in the lead. The increased risk of TB morbidity and mortality associated with war has been observed since World Wars I and II, and several civil wars, among others. Separate data indicate that armed conflicts are associated with an increase in the risk of tuberculosis among the population by up to 20 %.
Objective — to analyze the state of the current epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Ukraine and the Chernivtsi region during the period of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine and to compare the data with the pre-war period.
Materials and methods. A search was conducted in the abstract database of PubMed using the keywords «tuberculosis», «war», «military actions», «incidence», «epidemiology», «military conflicts» and analysis of data from official statistics on epidemiological indicators of TB in the period from 2017 to 2023 years.
Results and discussion. In 2020, there was a sharp decline in morbidity rates due to quarantine restrictions that were introduced in connection with COVID-19 — 1.4 times in Ukraine and 1.8 times in Chernivtsi region compared to 2019. The rate of increase in the incidence of active tuberculosis in Ukraine in 2020 was — 28.6 % and — 40.4 % in the Chernivtsi region. In 2021, there was a moderate increase in morbidity both in Ukraine and in the Chernivtsi region, but the changes were more pronounced in the region. And already in 2022 in the Chernivtsi region, the rate of increase in morbidity was +30.6 %, in 2023 — +16.1 %. The impact of the war on the epidemiological indicators of TB can be clearly traced: in 2022, in the Chernivtsi region, the total share of internally displaced persons and servicemen with a first confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis amounted to 7.4 % of the total number of cases of this disease, in 2023 — 8.4 %.
Conclusions. Thus, the impact of military actions on the epidemiological situation with TB in Chernivtsi region is significant. The immediate consequences of military operations were reflected in the growth of the morbidity rate, however, distant consequences in the form of further deterioration of the epidemiological situation with a peak in the next few years should be expected.
The effect of nano-CuO and 2-mercaptobenzthiazole on the mechanical properties and structure of ultrahigh weight molecular polyethylene
Authors: Vasilev Andrey , Dyakonov Afanasiy , Danilova Sakhayana , Makarov Igor , Okoneshnikova Anastasia
Published: December 2024

Currently, the development of polymer composite materials based on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is one of the urgent tasks of polymer materials science. This is primarily due to its special mechanical and tribological properties, owing to which UHMWPE is actively being implemented in various industries such as machine building, coating and medicine. However, in order to expand the scope of application, it is necessary to eliminate the disadvantages in the form of low surface hardness and strength. The most effective and economically feasible way to reduce disadvantages is to modify the polymer by introducing various types of fillers. In this paper, the effect of complex fillers including nano-CuO and 2-mercaptobenzthiazole on the physico-mechanical properties and structure of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene is analyzed. It is shown that the introduction of complex fillers into UHMWPE increases the deformation and strength properties, the compressive stress increased by 23…35% and the Shore D hardness by 5…6 % compared to the initial polymer. The developed composite materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. A connection between the decrease in the degree of crystallinity of UHMWPE-based composites with an increase in the content of complex fillers was found. The formation of spherulites in the supramolecular structure of composites has been shown by electron microscopy. Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that the improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of composites is triggered by complex effect of fillers due to the improvement of their co. The developed polymer composite materials can be used as protective coatings and linings in engineering and technological equipment.
Effective ways of sharpening metal-cutting tools made of rapid steel and hard alloys
Authors: Butenko V. , Lebedev Valeriy , Kolganova Elena , Kadach Roman
Published: December 2024

The problems of increasing the efficiency of the sharpening operation of metal-cutting tools made of rapid steel and sintered-hard alloys are viewed. Cutters with sintered-hard alloy plates, as well as high-speed steel drills, have been on the tapis as metal-cutting tools. The paper examines various methods of sharpening metal-cutting tools for increasing their durability, as well as stable durability maintaining after regrinding. The influence of various sharpening methods on various merit rates, such as surface roughness, microhardness and the amount of transcrystalline stresses in the material, has been studied as well. Research for the durability period determination in turning carbide plates were carried out under turning process of stepless rollers made of chromium-nickel alloy, and drills made of rapid steel, when drilling holes in boiler steel. According to the research results, it can be seen that these methods can significantly increase the durability period of the sharpened tools. Research for the durability period determination in turning carbide plates were carried out under turning process of stepless rollers made of chromium-nickel alloy, and drills made of rapid steel, when drilling holes in boiler steel. According to the research results, it can be seen that these methods can significantly increase the durability period of the sharpened tools. The results showed that these combined methods can increase the durability of tools by another 15…20 %. Thus, taking into account the results of the performed studies using high-tech methods for sharpening metal-cutting tools made of rapid steel and sintered-hard alloys, it can be concluded that the sharpening method is highly effective, being based on the use of grinding abrasive wheel, which is chromium-impregnated and while supplying of an iodine-containing liquid coolant to the work zone. It was found that when using this sharpening method, a higher resistance index is achieved in two-component carbide plates of turning cutters, if comparing to single-component carbide plates.
MODELING OF THE SURFACE OF A ROTATING THREAD ROLLING TOOL FOR MACHINING INTERNAL CONICAL THREADS
Authors: Kuc Vadim , Zubkov Dmitriy , Zubkova Oksana
Published: December 2024

The study objective is to form the working part of a rotating tool designed for rolling internal conical threads. The main task of this paper is to develop a scheme of forming a rolling system, mathematical modeling of a roller for producing surfaces, and the surface of the thread obtained after machining with a rolling tool. In this work, geometric methods of surface formation by cutting tools are applied, based on the use of vector equations to describe forming an internal conical thread. The novelty of the work is in constructing a surface model of a rolling tool and a roller, taking into account the peculiarities of its operation. A scheme of the forming system is also developed, using which a mathematical model of forming the internal conical thread is compiled and the deforming element of the rolling tool is profiled. This mathematical model will allow to determine the optimal cross-section for forming a rolling tool, taking into account the minimum error of the machined thread.
EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED RAIL LUBRICATION
Authors: Kossov Valery , Panin Yury , Trifonov Aleksey , Gavryushin Mikhail , Panin Andrey
Published: December 2024

The paper provides grounds for the effectiveness of combined rail lubrication technology for Russian railways. The dependence of the friction factor on the rolling surfaces of the rail heads on the guiding force is shown. As a result of the conducted research, it is found out that the use of combined rail lubrication technology reduces lateral forces, which are derived from guiding forces, by 18%.