bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN INDEKS LITERASI PEGAWAI KEJAKSAAN NEGERI ACEH TENGAH MELALUI TEKNIK RESUME BUKU DIGITAL DALAM PENGUATAN KELEMBAGAAN DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0 DAN SOCIETY 5.0
Authors: Yazid Yovandi , Nazamuddin Nazamuddin , Rizza Muhammad , Arifin Zainul , Sitepu Adenan , Hidayat Nur , MK Zulfikri , Supinto Supinto , Jailani Muhammad , Batubara Muhammad Hasyimsyah
Published: January 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian yang bekerjasama dengan Kejaksaan Aceh Tengah ini adalah pengembangan indeks literasi pegawai Kejaksaan Negeri Aceh Tengah melalui teknik resume buku digital dalam penguatan kelembagaan di era industri 4.0 dan sosiety 5.0. Berdasarkan observasi dan wawancara terdapat 4 masalah utama yang dihadapi mitra, antara lain: (1) waktu yang terbatas, (2) terfokus pada buku fisik yang ada di perpustakaan, (3) kurang informasi tentang buku-buku digital di portal perpustakaan digital (4) kurangnya minat membaca buku dari halaman awal hingga akhir. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut ditawarkan solusi: (1) pendampingan tentang  kemudahan  menggunakan waktu yang singkat untuk membaca buku digital, (2) menyarankan membaca buku-buku digital (3) pendampingan memperkenalkan situs-situs perpustakaan digital, (4) pendampingan dan workshop bagaimana meresume buku digital yang tebal menjadi 5-15 halaman. Target khusus dan luaran yang akan dihasilkan: (1) membangun kebiasaan membaca walaupun waktu terbatas, (2) jangan terfokus dengan buku fisik dan bisa beralih ke buku-buku format digital, (3) membangun kebiasaan mengunjungi perpustakaan-perpustakaan digital, (4) kemampuan menggunakan aplikasi resume buku digital sehingga mendapatkan intisari satu buku. Metode pelaksanaan program pengabdian akan dilakukan secara bertahap, berkelanjutan, dan komprehensif yang dilaksanakan melalui metode pendampingan dan workshop.
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU EKONOMI MELALUI SEKOLAH PASAR MODAL
Authors: Anas M. , Muchson Mochamad , Sugiono Sugiono , Subagyo Subagyo , Forijati Rr. , Yanti Nurin Eva
Published: January 2022

Tujuan kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) Sekolah Pasar Modal (SPM) ini adalah meningkatnya kompetensi profesional guru ekonomi di Kediri. Peningkatan kompetensi professional tersebut akan berdampak kepada meningkatnya kemampuan guru ekonomi dalam: a) pengembangan materi ajar, b) pengembangan model pembelajaran, c) pengembangan media pembelajaran, d) penyusunan asesmen, dan e) memberikan pengalaman empiris terkait dengan mekanisme perdagangan (transaksi) di pasar modal. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan ini berupa: Test (pre-test dan post-test), edukasi pasar modal (tutorial), dan praktik perdagangan pasar modal. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan ini efektif karena dapat meningkatkan kompetensi profesional guru ekonomi. Indikator kenaikan kompetensi profesional tersebut dibuktikan dengan capaian nilai peserta sebagai berikut: 1) Nilai rata-rata yang dicapai oleh peserta kegiatan PSM setelah mengikuti kegiatan meningkat menjadi 87,55 dibandingkan dengan sebelum mengikuti kegiatan yaitu sebesar 65,32. 2) Sebelum mengikuti kegiatan nilai terendah peserta adalah 45 dan setelah mengkuti kegiatan nilai terendah yang diperoleh peserta sebesar 75, dan 3) Nilai maksimal setelah mengikuti kegiatan mencapai angka 100, padahal sebelum dilaksanakan kegiatan nilai maksimum yang dicapai peserta sebesar 80.
Exclusive Breastfeeding Related to Diarrhea Occurrence in Babies Aged 0-6 Months Old at Sudiang Community Health Center, Makassar
Authors: Haedar Balqis Dwiyanti , Rauly Ramadhani  , Andi Sitti Rahma
Published: January 2022

Exclusive breastfeeding is a condition in which infants are only given breast milk without the addition of other fluids and foods. until the baby reaches 6 months old. Breast milk strengthen the immune system in infants so they can avoid various diseases including diarrhea. This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea in infants aged 0-6 months in the Sudiang Community Health Center. This research is an analytical survey research with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted at the Sudiang Health Center, Makassar City in the period November 1st to December 31st, 2019. The total respondents were 89 mothers with babies aged 0-6 months. The results showed that most of the respondents were mothers with male babies (61%), most of the mothers' education was high school graduates (46%), housewives (75%) with low economic background (56%). Exclusive breastfeeding related to the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 0-6 months in the Sudiang Community Health Center with a value of p <0.05 (p = 0.001). In addition, no significant relationship on maternal nipple hygiene to diarrhea in children aged 0-6 months p <0.05 (p = 0.075). In conclusion, this study showed there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 0-6 months in Sudiang Health Center. There is a relationship between hand hygiene and the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 0-6 months in Sudiang Health Center, Makassar.
Bioethics in Kenya: Who is Interested in Certificate Courses
Authors: Waiharo Joy , Kithinji Caroline , Mwakisha Mercy , Bukusi Elizabeth Anne
Published: January 2022

Inadequate training in matters of ethics renders health care providers unprepared for dilemmas faced in public health, research, and clinical practice. Certificate course training offer opportunities to gain more knowledge and skills on all matter ethics. Over the past decade, the increase in research activities in Kenya has not been proportionate to training in ethics. The centre of Biomedical Ethics and Culture (CBEC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Bioethics training Initiative (CK-BTI) is a Forgaty funded program for building capacity in research ethics for Kenya and Pakistan. This paper evaluates the characteristics of participants that attended the CK-BTI certificate level courses in Kenya between 2017 to 2021. This data was analysed for this paper and utilized information from the training application process. Between November 2017 and July 2021, a total of 1,359 applications were received and 457 (33.6%) trained. The target countries were Kenya and Pakistan but interest was drawn from Tanzania, Uganda, Nigeria, and Zambia. The continued interest in the certificate level ethics courses may imply a need to increase the number of ethics training offered within the East African region.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK AVERRHOA BILIMBI L. TERHADAP JUMLAH SEL BETA PANKREAS TIKUS HIPERGLIKEMIA
Authors: Indrayoni Putu , Damayanti Ida Ayu Manik
Published: January 2022

Latar Belakang : Diabetes mellitus merupakan sejumlah gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia pada kondisi tanpa penanganan. Diabetes ditandai dengan tingginya kadar glukosa plasma puasa ≥ 126 mg/dL atau kadar gula darah 2 jam setelah makan ≥ 200 mg/dL selama OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) atau kadar A1C ≥ 6,5% atau adanya krisis hiperglikemia dengan glukosa plasma acak ≥ 200 mg/dL. Bahan makanan dan modifikasi gaya hidup yang berkaitan dengan suplai antioksidan mampu menjadi profilaksis yang efektif melawan stress oksidatif pada diabetes dan komplikasinya. Salah satu sumber antioksidan alami adalah daun Averrhoa bilimbi L. yang telah digunakan secara tradisional sebagai antidiabetes. Daun A. bilimbi L. mengandung alkaloid, tannin, saponin, flavonoid, glikosida jantung, glikosida, triterpene, fenol dan karbohidrat. Efek hipoglikemia dari A. bilimbi L. diakibatkan oleh kandungan flavonoid dan saponin.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus hiperglikemia yang diinduksi aloksan.  Perlakuan diberikan selama 21 hari dan menggunakan glibenclamid (0,66 mg/kg BB) sebagai control positif. Pewarnaan preparate sel beta menggunakan metode Gomori Aldehyde Fuschine dan Nuclear Fast Red. Pengamatan terhadap jumlah sel beta pancreas tikus dilakukan pada hari ke 7 dan ke 21 dengan menentukan jumlah rerata sel beta yang teramati pada 3 layang pandang. Analisis statistic dilakukan menggunakan program SPSS for windows 16,0 version.Hasil : Penurunan jumlah sel beta pancreas terjadi secara bermakna pada kelompok control dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan (p<0,05) yaitu sebesar 32,19%.Kesimpulan : Aktivitas antioksidan A. bilimbi L. mampu mencegah penurunan jumlah sel beta pada tikus hiperglikemia.
DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA KESEHATAN MENTAL PEMANDU WISATA DI BALI
Authors: Rahayuni I Gusti Ayu Rai , Wulandari Ida Ayu Putri
Published: January 2022

Background : Tour guides as individuals who experience the impact of the loss of their livelihoods need to study and analyze whether there are psychological or mental impacts that are experienced considering that they are very vulnerable to not being able to control individual coping to easily accept situations or conditions without negative impacts. This research will study and describe the extent of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental of tour guides in Bali. Methods :  This descriptive research with cross-sectional approach. Data was collected  from the association of tour guides in Bali in February 2021 with a total sampling technique of 115 tour guides who meet inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Indonesian version of the SRQ-29 questionnaire online and processed by descriptive univariate. Results : The results of the study describe the conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic that 68 respondents (33.17%) had undergone a Rapid test, 45 people (21.95%) had undergone a swab test, 12 people (5.85%) had been confirmed as Positive Covid- 19 and 113 people (55.12%) stated that their area of origin or place of residence was once a red zone. The results of mental condition analysis during the pandemic showed that 134 people (65.37%) indicated symptoms of neurosis, 118 people (57.56%) indicated the use of psychoactive substances, 141 people (68.78%) indicated psychotic symptoms and that is 152 people (74.15%) indicated the presence of PTSD symptoms. Conclusion : Support from all parties through policies, attention and intervention is needed to minimize mental disorders, especially PTSD symptoms for the guides so that it is time for the Bali Return Program to start again productively without any mental obstacles.
Robust Phishing Detection Against Adversaries
Authors: Al-Ahmadi Saad
Published: January 2022

Phishing websites have grown more recently than ever, and they become more intelligent, even against well-designed phishing detection techniques. Formerly, we have proposed in the literature a state-of-the-art URL-exclusive phishing detection solution based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, which we referred as PUCNN model. Phishing detection is adversarial as the phisher may attempt to avoid the detection. This adversarial nature makes standard evaluations less useful in predicting model performance in such adversarial situations. We aim to improve PUCNN by addressing the adversarial nature of phishing detection with a restricted adversarial scenario, as PUCNN has shown that an unrestricted attacker dominates. To evaluate this adversarial scenario, we present a parameterized text-based mutation strategy used for generating adversarial samples. These parameters tune the attacker’s restrictions. We have focused on text-based mutation due to our focus on URL-exclusive models. The PUCNN model generally showed robustness and performed well when the parameters were low, which indicates a more restricted attacker.
Beulverhalten von ringversteiften Kreiszylinderschalen unter Axialdruck – Teil 1: Versuche und geometrische Imperfektionsanalyse/Buckling behavior of ring-stiffened cylinder shells under axial pressure – Part 1: Tests and geometric imperfection analysis
Authors: Li Zhen , Pasternak Hartmut , Jäger-Cañás Andreas
Published: January 2022

Moderne Behälter werden oft als ringversteifte Kreiszylinderschalen ausgeführt. Der traglaststeigernde Effekt eng liegender Ringsteifen unter Axialdruck erfuhr in der Forschung bis heute nur geringe Beachtung. Er ist bisher ungeregelt und infolge unnötig hohen Materialeinsatzes bleiben Stahlbehältern Marktanteile und bessere Nachhaltigkeit verwehrt. Anhand von Versuchen und einer numerischen Studie werden die neuesten Forschungsergebnisse des Einflusses der Ringsteifen auf das Axialbeulverhalten von Kreiszylinderschalen erläutert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die ringversteiften Kreiszylinder unter Axialdruck nach der aktuellen Bemessungspraxis unwirtschaftlich bemessen werden.

 

Im Teil 1 dieses Beitrags werden Versuche im verkleinertem Maßstab durchgeführt, um den Einfluss der Ringsteifen auf das Beulverhalten der Kreiszylinderschalen unter Axialdruck zu erforschen. Gemäß einem Vergleich von Versuchsergebnissen wird eine mehrfach höhere Tragfähigkeit ringversteifter Schalen gegenüber unversteiften Schalen ermittelt. Die geometrischen Imperfektionen des Probekörpers werden durch eine 3D-Scan-Technologie gemessen und danach mittels der Methode der Fourier-Reihen analysiert. Im Teil 2 folgen die numerische Simulation und das Ableiten eines Ingenieurmodells.
An exploration of error-driven learning in simple two-layer networks from a discriminative learning perspective
Authors: Hoppe Dorothée B. , Hendriks Petra , Ramscar Michael , van Rij Jacolien
Published: January 2022

Error-driven learning algorithms, which iteratively adjust expectations based on prediction error, are the basis for a vast array of computational models in the brain and cognitive sciences that often differ widely in their precise form and application: they range from simple models in psychology and cybernetics to current complex deep learning models dominating discussions in machine learning and artificial intelligence. However, despite the ubiquity of this mechanism, detailed analyses of its basic workings uninfluenced by existing theories or specific research goals are rare in the literature. To address this, we present an exposition of error-driven learning – focusing on its simplest form for clarity – and relate this to the historical development of error-driven learning models in the cognitive sciences. Although historically error-driven models have been thought of as associative, such that learning is thought to combine preexisting elemental representations, our analysis will highlight the discriminative nature of learning in these models and the implications of this for the way how learning is conceptualized. We complement our theoretical introduction to error-driven learning with a practical guide to the application of simple error-driven learning models in which we discuss a number of example simulations, that are also presented in detail in an accompanying tutorial.
Rewitalizacja opuszczonych ośrodków wypoczynkowych z okresu Polski Ludowej jako forma wsparcia lokalnej turystyki na Mazurach
Authors:   Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, Surgota Wiktoria
Published: January 2022

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę obiektów turystycznych obszaru Mazur z okresu Polski Ludowej oraz przeanalizowano możliwości rewitalizacji ośrodków opuszczonych w celu pobudzenia lokalnej gospodarki. Przeprowadzono analizy poszczególnych typów obiektów turystycznych z lat 1945–1989 na podstawie wizji lokalnej oraz krytycznej analizy literatury. Opracowanie zawiera opis obecnego stanu prezentowanych przykładów. Każdy z nich został wybrany jako przedstawiciel jednego typu zabudowy ośrodków turystycznych, charakterystycznego dla przyjętych ram czasowych.
An Analytical Study to Explore Iron Stores in a Population of Nowshera Based on Age and Gender Perspective
Authors: Khan Hamzullah , Khan Mohammad Basharat , Khan Shahtaj , Zahoor Saiqa , Khan Wazir Anwar
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES: 
To analyze the impact of age and gender on iron stores in a population of the Nowshera region.
METHODOLOGY:
This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from 1st January 2019 to 31st March 2020. All patients were selected by convenience sampling in the Pathology department irrespective of age and gender.   Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze data by the latest SPSS version 25.
 RESULTS:
Out of the total study population males were 70 (27.1%) and females 188 (77.9%) with median age 30 years.  The median ferritin level was 12.8 ng/ml. Out of total, 142 (55%) of cases were with serum ferritin less than 15ng/ml. A significant (p=0.03) gender based median ferritin level difference was observed with 1.5 times more probability of low iron stores in females as compared to males (OR=1.5). No statistically significant difference in body iron stores exists in different age groups.
CONCLUSION: 
A significant difference was noted in the iron stores in gender groups and the probability of depleted/low iron stores was higher in female gender as compared to male gender in all age groups in our population.
Ocnogyna mooseri, a new peculiar species from Libya (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)
Authors: Müller Günter , Saldaitis Aidas , Volynkin Anton V.
Published: January 2022

A new species of the genus Ocnogyna Graslin, [1837], O. mooseri sp. n. is described from north-eastern Libya. The female of the new species is fully winged but differs from all known species groups of Ocnogyna in a number of diagnostic features and is also externally reminiscent of Tajigyna gansoni Dubatolov, 1990 endemic to Tajikistan. The diagnostic comparison is made with the North African Ocnogyna advena (Fabricius, 1787) having externally similar males but brachypterous females and to the externally dissimilar Ocnogyna parasita (Hübner, 1790) species group having the most similar female genitalia structures.
Multiculturalisme et littérature
Authors: Pillet Fabien
Published: January 2022

La diversité ethnoculturelle constitue depuis plusieurs décennies un des enjeux majeurs des sociétés occidentales, où elle fait l’objet d’âpres débats politiques. Si les sciences humaines et sociales se sont largement emparées du sujet, les études littéraires l’ont jusqu’ici principalement traité sous l’angle de la littérature migrante, qui en limite la portée à l’origine des auteurs. Cet ouvrage envisage la diversité ethnoculturelle, sa gestion politique et ses conséquences sociales avant tout comme un thème littéraire prépondérant que bon nombre d’œuvres récentes approchent par les détours de la fiction. Ces mises en récit du multiculturalisme sont aussi bien des perspectives ouvertes sur un phénomène ambigu, que des outils servant à en interroger les potentiels et les limites. En mêlant analyses de textes littéraires et philosophiques, études de cas et lectures d’ouvrages d’histoire littéraire, Fabien Pillet reprend les termes du débat. Il montre, d’un côté, à quel point les œuvres de fiction se révèlent incontournables pour appréhender la diversité ethnoculturelle, et de l’autre, toute l’importance thématique que revêt le multiculturalisme lorsqu’il s’agit d’aborder nombre d’œuvres contemporaines.
Les occurrences du commun
Authors: Bourdon Valentin
Published: January 2022

En tant qu’alternative aux modèles de l’État et du marché, le «commun» ne cesse d’apparaître dans le débat contemporain. Ses implications sont évaluées sur le plan politique, économique ou social; l’architecture n’a, par contre, pas encore identifié ses propres prises en la matière et peine à discerner les formes du commun, dans ses manifestations spatiales et prospectives. Cet écart exige d’être comblé au vu du potentiel de ce troisième espace, le commun, qui dépasse la dichotomie traditionnelle opposant le public au privé et ouvre des perspectives inédites sur la conception de l’urbain au 21e siècle. Le commun réoriente l’architecture des villes bien avant l’invention de sa définition conceptuelle. Retracer avec l’auteur les antécédents urbains de cette notion au fil des siècles et explorer son histoire, marquée par les recherches d’Elinor Ostrom en économie, permet au lecteur d’en comprendre la valeur actuelle autant que le potentiel. Ainsi, les récurrences récentes de ce grand thème interdisciplinaire invitent à porter un regard renouvelé sur l’héritage bâti, en matière d’éthique de l’aménagement, et sur les trajectoires fondamentales de l’architecture: la maîtrise de l’environnement, le logement pour le plus grand nombre et la ville de tous les possibles.
A Brief Review of Sickle-Cell Haemoglobin, β-Thalassaemia and G-6-PD Deficiency Genes among Tribals of Scheduled Area of Rajasthan, India: Focus on Tribal Health
Authors: Choubisa Shanti Lal , Choubisa Anurag
Published: January 2022

Rajasthan, situated at the north-western part of India is the biggest state in the country of India and has total of 33 districts. By merging eight tribal dominating districts namely, Banswara, Chittourgarh, Dungarpur, Pali, Pratapgarh, Rajasamand, Sirohi, and Udaipur of these, the government has created a special area called the ‘schedule area” in which >70% of the people are tribal. This area is mostly backward and underdeveloped where malaria is also hyperendemic. In this area, Bhil, Damor, Meena, Garasiya, Kathudia and Sahariya are the most dominating and major endogamous tribes. Besides the several communicable and non-communicable diseases in this area, certain erythrocyte genetic disorders, Sickle-Cell Haemoglobin (Hb-S), β-thalassaemia and G-6-PD deficiency (Gd) are also deteriorating the tribal health and causing morbidity and mortality in them. Genes of these red cell genetic disorders are more prevalent and widely distributed among tribal people. The maximum prevalence of these blood genetic disorders in tribes was found as 31.14%, 9.00% and 22.00%, respectively. Since the groundwater of this tribal area contains a high amount of Fluoride (F), drinking it poses a high risk of premature death of tribal people who already have homozygous state of sickle-cell and β-thalassaemic genes. In present communication, besides the focus on tribal health, the status of genes of sickle-cell haemoglobin, β-thalassaemia and G-6-PD deficiency in different tribal ethnic groups of scheduled area, the correlation of these blood genetic disorders with malaria, impact of F intoxication in tribal subjects possessing red cell genetic disorders and the prevention and control of these erythrocyte genetic disorders in tribal people have been critically reviewed. The results of this review are significant and advantageous in making and execution of prevention and control programme of these blood genetic disorders in tribals of scheduled area of Rajasthan, India. Moreover, in this review, research gaps are also highlighted for further research work.
Physicochemical and Analytical Implications of GATES/GEB Principles
Authors: Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk Anna M , Michalowski Tadeusz
Published: January 2022

The fundamental property of electrolytic systems involved with linear combination f12 = 2∙f(O) – f(H) of elemental balances: f1 = f(H) for Y1 = H, and f2 = f(O) for Y2 = O, is presented. The dependency/independency of the f12 on Charge Balance (f0 = ChB) and other elemental and/or core balances fk = f(Yk) (k = 3,…,K) is the general criterion distinguishing between non-redox and redox systems. The f12 related to a redox system is the primary form of a Generalized Electron Balance (GEB), formulated for redox systems within the Generalized Approach to Electrolytic System (GATES) as GATES/GEB ⊂ GATES. The set of K balances f0,f12,f3,…,fK is necessary/ sufficient/needed to solve an electrolytic redox system, while the K-1 balances f0,f3,…,fK are the set applied to solve an electrolytic non-redox system. The identity (0 = 0) procedure of checking the linear independency/ dependency property of f12 within the set f0,f12,f3,…,fK (i) provides the criterion distinguishing between the redox and non-redox systems and (ii) specifies Oxidation Numbers (ONs) of elements in particular components of the system, and in the species formed in the system. Some chemical concepts, such as oxidant, reductant, oxidation number, equivalent mass, stoichiometry, perceived as derivative within GATES, are indicated. All the information is gained on the basis of the titration Ce(SO4)2 (C) + H2SO4 (C1) + CO2 (C2) ⇨ FeSO4 (C0) + H2SO4 (C01) + CO2 (C02), simulated with use of the iterative computer program MATLAB.
Seismic Interpretation and Inversion Leading to an Accurate Reservoir Characterization in a Carbonate Environment
Authors: Bashir Yasir , Mohd Muztaza Nordiana , Ismail Nur Azwin , Ahmad Abir Ismail , Bery Andy Anderson , Siddiqui Numair Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Seismic data acquired in the field show the subsurface reflectors or horizon among the geological strata, while the seismic inversion converts this reflector information into the acoustic impedance section which shows the layer properties based on lithology. The research aims to predict the porosity to identify the reservoir which is in between the tight layer. So, the output of the seismic inversion is much more batter than the seismic as it is closer to reality such as geology. Seismic inversion is frequently used to determine rock physics properties, for example, acoustic impedance and porosity.
Torsion Gravity
Authors: SI Konstantinov
Published: January 2022

Based on the discovery by astrophysicists of dark matter halos around galaxies, stars and planets, it became possible to abandon the speculative concept of the spatial curvature of Einstein's space-time fabric and geometric gravity. Torsional gravity and spinors in fundamental theoretical physics should be based on a new cosmology, including a dark matter halo rotating with planets, stars and galaxies and forming funnels in the continuous space environment of a quantum vacuum (dark matter). The article discusses the nature of tornado and tropical hurricanes.
Prevalence of Adverse Events Post-COVID-19 Vaccination amongst the Adult Zambian Population
Authors: Chileshe Misheck , Mupeta Geoffrey , Kasanga Maisa , Lindizyani Mfune Ruth , Mudenda Steward , Biemba Mildred , Shimaponda-Mataa Nzooma Munkwangu , Sinkala Musalula , Daka Victor
Published: January 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 continues to be a public health concern despite several practical interventions to curb its spread. Now, widespread vaccination appears to be the most important strategy in winning the fight against this deadly pandemic by promoting herd immunity. However, a lack of independent and local studies on vaccines’ safety may adversely impact the vaccine uptake and eventually the overarching goal of reducing disease transmission. Objective: To determine the prevalence of adverse events post COVID-19 vaccination amongst the adult Zambia population. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among recipients of COVID-19 vaccines in Zambia. The study was conducted between July and August 2021. 584 adult individuals who had access to the questionnaire were enrolled. Relationships between patients' demographics and Adverse Events (AEs) were assessed using the chi-square (χ2) test given the categorical nature of the data. Results: Pain at the injection site (79.8%), headache (57.4%), fatigue (55.5%), chills (52.6%), fever (42.3%), and joint pains (37.5%) were the most commonly reported adverse events. When stratified by gender, pain at the injection site (p = 0.01), limitation of arm movement (p < 0.001), chills (p = 0.017), headache (p = 0.044), fatigue (p = 0.004), nausea or vomiting (p < 0.001) were statistically significant, with females mostly affected. There was a statistically significant difference in the case of limitation of arm movement (20.7% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.031), chills (54.8% vs. 36.6%, p = 0.004), headache (59.6% vs. 40.8%, p = 0.003) and fatigue (57.5% vs. 40.8%, p = 0.008) between those 49 years and below compared to those above 50 years. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence of adverse events being experienced by the recipient of COVID-19 vaccines and that these have been mainly mild. Healthcare authorities need to educate the public about the possible adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines and how to report these events should they experience some. This will improve pharmacovigilance of adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines.
Rendőrségi adatgyűjtés és adatfelhasználás a profilalkotásban
Authors: Bánáti Tibor
Published: January 2022

In the present study, I present the scope of data to be obtained in police proceedings, as well as the rules and legal framework of data collection. Forensic data are of key importance for profiling, as the reliability of this method depends, among other things, on the quality of the data obtained. Thus, knowledge of the legal framework and follow-up of forensic recommendations is necessary for all investigators and all analytical units dealing with profiling. In addition, I present the past and present of domestic profiling, as well as mention future development directions.
The Dust Mass of Supernova Remnants in M31
Authors: Wang 王 Ye 野 , Jiang 姜 Biwei 碧沩 , Li 李 Jun 军 , Zhao 赵 He 赫 , Ren 任 Yi 逸
Published: January 2022

The dust temperature and mass of the supernova remnants (SNRs) in M31 are estimated by fitting the infrared spectral energy distribution calculated from the images in the Spitzer/IRAC4 and MIPS24, Herschel/PACS70, 100, and 160, and Herschel/SPIRE 250 and 350 μm bands. Twenty SNRs with relatively reliable photometry exhibit an average dust temperature of

20.1

−
1.5

+
1.8

K, which is higher than the surrounding and indicating the heating effect of supernova explosion. The dust mass of these SNRs ranges from about 100 to 800 M
⊙, much bigger than the SNRs in the Milky Way. On the other hand, this yields the dust surface density of

0.10

−
0.04

+
0.07

M
⊙ pc−2, about half of the surrounding area, which implies that about half dust in the SNRs is destroyed by the supernova explosion. The dust temperature, the radius, and thus the dust mass all demonstrate that the studied SNRs are old and very likely in the snowplow or even fade-away phase because of the limitation by the far distance and observation resolution of M31, and the results can serve as a reference to the final effect of supernova explosion on the surrounding dust.
A Clock Stabilization System for CHIME/FRB Outriggers
Authors: Mena-Parra J. , Leung C. , Cary S. , Masui K. W. , Kaczmarek J. F. , Amiri M. , Bandura K. , Boyle P. J. , Cassanelli T. , Cliche J.-F. , Dobbs M. , Kaspi V. M. , Landecker T. L. , Lanman A. , Sievers J. L. ,   CHIME/FRB Collaboration
Published: January 2022

The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) has emerged as the prime telescope for detecting fast radio bursts (FRBs). CHIME/FRB Outriggers will be a dedicated very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) instrument consisting of outrigger telescopes at continental baselines working with CHIME and its specialized real-time transient-search backend (CHIME/FRB) to detect and localize FRBs with 50 mas precision. In this paper, we present a minimally invasive clock stabilization system that effectively transfers the CHIME digital backend reference clock from its original GPS-disciplined ovenized crystal oscillator to a passive hydrogen maser. This enables us to combine the long-term stability and absolute time tagging of the GPS clock with the short- and intermediate-term stability of the maser to reduce the clock timing errors between VLBI calibration observations. We validate the system with VLBI-style observations of Cygnus A over a 400 m baseline between CHIME and the CHIME Pathfinder, demonstrating agreement between sky-based and maser-based timing measurements at the 30 ps rms level on timescales ranging from one minute to up to nine days, and meeting the stability requirements for CHIME/FRB Outriggers. In addition, we present an alternate reference clock solution for outrigger stations that lack the infrastructure to support a passive hydrogen maser.
Localizing FRBs through VLBI with the Algonquin Radio Observatory 10 m Telescope
Authors: Cassanelli T. , Leung Calvin , Rahman M. , Vanderlinde K. , Mena-Parra J. , Cary S. , Masui Kiyoshi W. , Luo Jing , Lin H.-H. , Bij A. , Gill A. , Baker D. , Bandura Kevin , Berger S. , Boyle P. J. , Brar Charanjot , Chatterjee S. , Cubranic D. , Dobbs Matt , Fonseca E. , Good D. C. , Kaczmarek J. F. , Kaspi V. M. , Landecker T. L. , Lanman A. E. , Li Dongzi , McKee J. W. , Meyers B. W. , Michilli D. , Naidu Arun , Ng Cherry , Patel Chitrang , Pearlman Aaron B. , Pen U. L. , Pleunis Ziggy , Quine Brendan , Renard A. , Sanghavi Pranav , Smith K. M. , Stairs Ingrid , Tendulkar Shriharsh P.
Published: January 2022

The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME)/FRB experiment has detected thousands of fast radio bursts (FRBs) due to its sensitivity and wide field of view; however, its low angular resolution prevents it from localizing events to their host galaxies. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), triggered by FRB detections from CHIME/FRB will solve the challenge of localization for non-repeating events. Using a refurbished 10 m radio dish at the Algonquin Radio Observatory located in Ontario Canada, we developed a testbed for a VLBI experiment with a theoretical λ/D ≲ 30 mas. We provide an overview of the 10 m system and describe its refurbishment, the data acquisition, and a procedure for fringe fitting that simultaneously estimates the geometric delay used for localization and the dispersive delay from the ionosphere. Using single pulses from the Crab pulsar, we validate the system and localization procedure, and analyze the clock stability between sites, which is critical for coherently delay referencing an FRB event. We find a localization of ∼200 mas is possible with the performance of the current system (single-baseline). Furthermore, for sources with insufficient signal or restricted wideband to simultaneously measure both geometric and ionospheric delays, we show that the differential ionospheric contribution between the two sites must be measured to a precision of 1 × 10−8 pc cm−3 to provide a reasonable localization from a detection in the 400–800 MHz band. Finally we show detection of an FRB observed simultaneously in the CHIME and the Algonquin 10 m telescope, the first non-repeating FRB in this long baseline. This project serves as a testbed for the forthcoming CHIME/FRB Outriggers project.
Massive Molecular Gas as a Fuel Tank for Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback In Central Cluster Galaxies
Authors: Fujita Yutaka , Kawakatu Nozomu , Nagai Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

Massive molecular gas has been discovered in giant elliptical galaxies at the centers of galaxy clusters. To reveal its role in active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback in those galaxies, we construct a semianalytical model of gas circulation. This model especially focuses on the massive molecular gas (interstellar cold gas on a scale of ∼10 kpc) and the circumnuclear disk (≲0.5 kpc). We consider the destruction of the interstellar cold gas by star formation and the gravitational instability for the circumnuclear disk. Our model can reproduce the basic properties of the interstellar cold gas and the circumnuclear disk, such as their masses. We also find that the circumnuclear disk tends to stay at the boundary between stable and unstable states. This works as an “adjusting valve” that regulates mass accretion toward the supermassive black hole. On the other hand, the interstellar cold gas serves as a “fuel tank” in the AGN feedback. Even if the cooling of the galactic hot gas is prevented, the interstellar cold gas can sustain the AGN activity for ≳0.5 Gyr. We also confirm that the small entropy of hot gas (≲30 keV cm2) or the short cooling time (≲1 Gyr) is a critical condition for the existence of massive amounts of molecular gas in the galaxy. The dissipation time of the interstellar cold gas may be related to the critical cooling time. The galaxy behavior is described by a simple relation among the disk stability, the cloud dissipation time, and the gas cooling rate.
Contribution of Gaia Sausage to the Galactic Stellar Halo Revealed by K Giants and Blue Horizontal Branch Stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and Gaia
Authors: Wu Wenbo , Zhao Gang , Xue Xiang-Xiang , Bird Sarah A. , Yang Chengqun
Published: January 2022

We explore the contribution of the Gaia Sausage to the stellar halo of the Milky Way by making use of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and applying it to halo star samples of Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope K giants, Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration K giants, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey blue horizontal branch stars. The GMM divides the stellar halo into two parts, of which one represents a more metal-rich and highly radially biased component associated with an ancient, head-on collision referred to as the Gaia Sausage, and the other one is a more metal-poor and isotropic halo. A symmetric bimodal Gaussian is used to describe the distribution of spherical velocity of the Gaia Sausage, and we find that the mean absolute radial velocity of the two lobes decreases with the Galactocentric radius. We find that the Gaia Sausage contributes about 41%–74% of the inner (Galactocentric radius r
gc < 30 kpc) stellar halo. The fraction of stars of the Gaia Sausage starts to decline beyond r
gc ∼ 25–30 kpc, and the outer halo is found to be significantly less influenced by the Gaia Sausage than the inner halo. After the removal of halo substructures found by integrals of motion, the contribution of the Gaia Sausage falls slightly within r
gc ∼ 25 kpc but is still as high as 30%–63%. Finally, we select several possible Sausage-related substructures consisting of stars on highly eccentric orbits. The GMM/Sausage component agrees well with the selected substructure stars in their chemodynamical properties, which increases our confidence in the reliability of the GMM fits.
Parametric Decay of Alfvénic Wave Packets in Nonperiodic Low-beta Plasmas
Authors: Li Feiyu , Fu Xiangrong , Dorfman Seth
Published: January 2022

The parametric decay of finite-size Alfvén waves in nonperiodic low-beta plasmas is investigated using one-dimensional (1D) hybrid simulations. Compared with the usual small periodic system, a wave packet in a large system under the absorption boundary condition shows different decay dynamics, including reduced energy transfer, localized density cavitation, and ion heating. The resulting Alfvén wave dynamics are influenced by several factors relating to this instability, including the growth rate, central wave frequency, and unstable bandwidth. A final steady state of the wave packet may be achieved when the instability does not have enough time to develop within the residual packet, and the packet size shows well-defined scaling dependencies on the growth rate, wave amplitude, and plasma beta. Under the proper conditions, enhanced secondary decay can also be excited in the form of a narrow, amplified wave packet. These results may help to interpret laboratory and spacecraft observations of Alfvén waves, and to refine our understanding of the associated energy transport and ion heating.
The Space Density of Ultra-luminous QSOs at the End of Reionization Epoch by the QUBRICS Survey and the AGN Contribution to the Hydrogen Ionizing Background
Authors: Grazian Andrea , Giallongo Emanuele , Boutsia Konstantina , Calderone Giorgio , Cristiani Stefano , Cupani Guido , Fontanot Fabio , Guarneri Francesco , Ozdalkiran Yacob
Published: January 2022

Motivated by evidences favoring a rapid and late hydrogen reionization process completing at z ∼ 5.2–5.5 and mainly driven by rare and luminous sources, we have reassessed the estimate of the space density of ultra-luminous QSOs at z ∼ 5 in the framework of the QUBRICS survey. A ∼ 90% complete sample of 14 spectroscopically confirmed QSOs at M
1450 ≤ −28.3 and 4.5 ≤ z ≤ 5.0 has been derived in an area of 12,400 deg2, thanks to multiwavelength selection and Gaia astrometry. The space density of z ∼ 5 QSOs within −29.3 ≤ M
1450 ≤ −28.3 is three times higher than previous determinations. Our results suggest a steep bright-end slope for the QSO luminosity function at z ∼ 5 and a mild redshift evolution of the space density of ultrabright QSOs (M
1450 ∼ −28.5) at 3 < z < 5.5, in agreement with the redshift evolution of the much fainter active galactic nucleus (AGN) population at M
1450 ∼ −23. These findings are consistent with a pure density evolution for the AGN population at z > 3. Adopting our z ∼ 4 QSO luminosity function and applying a mild density evolution in redshift, a photoionization rate of

Γ

HI

=

0.46

−
0.09

+
0.17

×

10

−
12

s

−
1

has been obtained at z = 4.75, assuming an escape fraction of ∼70% and a steep faint-end slope of the AGN luminosity function. The derived photoionization rate is ∼50–100% of the ionizing background measured at the end of the reionization epoch, suggesting that AGNs could play an important role in the cosmological reionization process.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Observational Evidence of a Density-bounded Region in a Lyα Emitter
Authors: Paswan Abhishek , Saha Kanak , Leitherer Claus , Schaerer Daniel
Published: January 2022

Using integral field unit spectroscopy, we present here the spatially resolved morphologies of [S ii]λ6717,6731/Hα and [S ii]λ6717,6731/[O iii]λ5007 emission line ratios for the first time in a blueberry Lyα emitter (BBLAE) at z ∼ 0.047. Our derived morphologies show that the extreme starburst region of the BBLAE, populated by young (≤10 Myr), massive Wolf–Rayet stars, is [S ii] deficient, while the rest of the galaxy is [S ii] enhanced. We infer that the extreme starburst region is density-bounded (i.e., optically thin to ionizing photons), and the rest of the galaxy is ionization-bounded, indicating a Blister-type morphology. We find that the previously reported small escape fraction (10%) of Lyα photons is from our identified density-bounded H ii region of the BBLAE. This escape fraction is likely constrained by a porous dust distribution. We further report a moderate correlation between [S ii] deficiency and inferred Lyman continuum (LyC) escape fraction using a sample of confirmed LyC leakers studied in the literature, including the BBLAE studied here. The observed correlation also reveals its dependency on the stellar mass and gas-phase metallicity of the leaky galaxies. Finally, the future scope and implications of our work are discussed in detail.
Brightness Asymmetry of Black Hole Images as a Probe of Observer Inclination
Authors: Medeiros Lia , Chan Chi-Kwan , Narayan Ramesh , Özel Feryal , Psaltis Dimitrios
Published: January 2022

The Event Horizon Telescope recently captured images of the supermassive black hole in the center of the M87 galaxy, which shows a ring-like emission structure with the south side only slightly brighter than the north side. This relatively weak asymmetry in the brightness profile along the ring has been interpreted as a consequence of the low inclination of the observer (around 17° for M87), which suppresses the Doppler beaming and boosting effects that might otherwise be expected due to the nearly relativistic velocities of the orbiting plasma. In this work, we use a large suite of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations to reassess the validity of this argument. By constructing explicit counterexamples, we show that low inclination is a sufficient but not necessary condition for images to have low brightness asymmetry. Accretion flow models with high accumulated magnetic flux close to the black hole horizon (the so-called magnetically arrested disks) and low black hole spins have angular velocities that are substantially smaller than the orbital velocities of test particles at the same location. As a result, such models can produce images with low brightness asymmetry even when viewed edge on.
Small-scale Magnetic Flux Ropes and Their Properties Based on In Situ Measurements from the Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Chen Yu , Hu Qiang
Published: January 2022

We report small-scale magnetic flux ropes via the in situ measurements from the Parker Solar Probe during the first six encounters, and present additional analyses to supplement our prior work in Chen et al. These flux ropes are detected by the Grad–Shafranov-based algorithm, with their durations and scale sizes ranging from 10 s to ≲1 hr and from a few hundred kilometers to 10−3 au, respectively. They include both static structures and those with significant field-aligned plasma flows. Most structures tend to possess large cross helicity, while the residual energy is distributed over wide ranges. We find that these dynamic flux ropes mostly propagate in the antisunward direction relative to the background solar wind, with no preferential signs of magnetic helicity. The magnetic flux function follows a power law and is proportional to scale size. We also present case studies showing reconstructed two-dimensional (2D) configurations, which confirm that both the static and dynamic flux ropes have a common configuration of spiral magnetic field lines (also streamlines). Moreover, the existence of such events hints at interchange reconnection as a possible mechanism for generating flux rope-like structures near the Sun. Lastly, we summarize the major findings, and discuss the possible correlation between these flux rope-like structures and turbulence due to the process of local Alfvénic alignment.
The Black Hole Mass Function Across Cosmic Times. I. Stellar Black Holes and Light Seed Distribution
Authors: Sicilia Alex , Lapi Andrea , Boco Lumen , Spera Mario , Di Carlo Ugo N. , Mapelli Michela , Shankar Francesco , Alexander David M. , Bressan Alessandro , Danese Luigi
Published: January 2022

This is the first paper in a series aimed at modeling the black hole (BH) mass function, from the stellar to the intermediate to the (super)massive regime. In the present work, we focus on stellar BHs and provide an ab initio computation of their mass function across cosmic times; we mainly consider the standard, and likely dominant, production channel of stellar-mass BHs constituted by isolated single/binary star evolution. Specifically, we exploit the state-of-the-art stellar and binary evolutionary code SEVN, and couple its outputs with redshift-dependent galaxy statistics and empirical scaling relations involving galaxy metallicity, star formation rate and stellar mass. The resulting relic mass function

dN

/

dVd
log

m

•

as a function of the BH mass m
• features a rather flat shape up to m
• ≈ 50 M
⊙ and then a log-normal decline for larger masses, while its overall normalization at a given mass increases with decreasing redshift. We highlight the contribution to the local mass function from isolated stars evolving into BHs and from binary stellar systems ending up in single or binary BHs. We also include the distortion on the mass function induced by binary BH mergers, finding that it has a minor effect at the high-mass end. We estimate a local stellar BH relic mass density of ρ
• ≈ 5 × 107
M
⊙ Mpc−3, which exceeds by more than two orders of magnitude that in supermassive BHs; this translates into an energy density parameter Ω• ≈ 4 × 10−4, implying that the total mass in stellar BHs amounts to ≲1% of the local baryonic matter. We show how our mass function for merging BH binaries compares with the recent estimates from gravitational wave observations by LIGO/Virgo, and discuss the possible implications for dynamical formation of BH binaries in dense environments like star clusters. We address the impact of adopting different binary stellar evolution codes (SEVN and COSMIC) on the mass function, and find the main differences to occur at the high-mass end, in connection with the numerical treatment of stellar binary evolution effects. We highlight that our results can provide a firm theoretical basis for a physically motivated light seed distribution at high redshift, to be implemented in semi-analytic and numerical models of BH formation and evolution. Finally, we stress that the present work can constitute a starting point to investigate the origin of heavy seeds and the growth of (super)massive BHs in high-redshift star-forming galaxies, that we will pursue in forthcoming papers.