bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CSR Practices Performance and their Visibility by Consumers: a Study with Spanish Food Products
Authors: Sahelices-Pinto Cesar , Lanero-Carrizo Ana , Vazquez-Burguete Jose Luis
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, companies around the world have engaged in an increasing number of CSR practices. This tendency is expected to continue growing up, becoming a mainstream global issue more and more relevant to business organizations in forthcoming years due to two main reasons. Companies are pretty concerned about advertising their ethical practices, on one side, in order to consolidate their involvement with collective demands of current societies and send a signal to the various stakeholders with whom they interact, and on the other, to differentiate their product offer and achieve competitive advantage in an increasingly globalized marketplace. In this sense, considering both lines together, customers maybe entail the most important group since they are the only ones to create income for companies. Based on this, this study analyses the importance of CSR for consumers in the food sector in reference to seven major CSR activities envisioned to fulfil seven stakeholders’ expectations considering three demographic variables of consumers. For that purpose, it is conducted a survey study with a total sample of 1,752 consumers and a multivariate analysis of variance to perform an intra-group comparison. In general, findings support a moderate impact of CSR over respondents, while some discrepancies can be observed between them within different age groups. Lastly, a final discussion is carried out gathering some interest considerations as direct reflection of results obtained and further lines of future research are indicated.
Company personnel policy as part of new management approaches in globalization
Authors: Stofkova Zuzana , Hraskova Dagmar
Published: January 2020

Human resources are a determining factor in ensuring business prosperity. Skilled, educated and motivated employees are a source of competitive advantage for businesses and they are an active part of the business. They secure the production of goods, the provision of services, the fulfillment of objectives and the definition of strategies, how to achieve these goals. Recruiting and selecting of qualified employees is a challenging process at the time of globalization. It is particularly important for candidates to have a combination of soft skills, technical and digital know-how. The company has to deal with the issue of occupation of jobs by suitable employees and at the same time the conditions have to be created in order to maintain and stabilize employees. They must constantly strive to maintain, respectively increasing employee satisfaction. The paper deals with the issue of recruitment and selection of employees as part of the personnel policy of the company, based on the knowledge that the inefficient process of filling vacancies can negatively affect the course of other personnel activities, but also the operation of the whole company and its profitability. The paper includes an analysis of the process of filling jobs in the company. In the paper an expert interview and survey is carried out, based on which effective approaches in recruiting and selecting employees in the selected enterprise are proposed.
Strategies on the development of ecotourism at the Bucharest in the context of globalization
Authors: Alpopi Cristina , Diaconu Silviu , Velicu Elena Rusalca
Published: January 2020

Tourism is the activity practiced by people who want new experiences, free to visit places much dreamed of in order to improve their inner state through everything that is beautiful, both visually and thanks to the accumulated interests that simultaneously lead to the enrichment of general knowledge and not no more. Tourism has become an important area that has succeeded in establishing itself in Romania, having positive effects on the economy, increasing labor force, capitalizing on the tourism potential, demand and tourism supply are constantly increasing, all of which implicitly improve living conditions. Bucharest, the main political, economic and administrative center of Romania, has become one of the most important national tourist destinations over the years, but much is due exclusively to business tourism, and leisure tourism is somewhat smaller. This article brings to the fore the ecotourism principles developed at the level of the capital of Romania, in the context of a globe that is subject to globalization and its socio-economic impact. There will be identified the main strategic directions for creating a well-developed ecotourism standard for economic progress and attracting a large flow of tourists in this early-stage form of development. This article brings to the fore the principles of ecotourism developed at the level of the capital of Romania, in the international context of globalization and its socio-economic impact. The main strategic directions for creating a well-developed ecotourism standard for economic progress and attracting a flow of tourists into this form of early development will be identified.
EU fossil fuel imports and changes after Ukrainian crisis
Authors: Baláž Peter , Zábojník Stanislav , Hričovský Márius
Published: January 2020

Russian-Ukrainian relations brought several challenges for the European energy security due to transportation corridors crossing the territory. Gas crisis in several CEE countries in early 2009 revealed brittle energy supplies stability of the net importers. The conflict in east Ukraine has brought new challenges for gas and oil shipments crossing the transport routes of Ukraine. Authors analyse transport corridors, presence of Nord Stream I and Nord Stream II projects as possible determinants of the importance of Ukrainian transport corridor and clarify exported volumes of fossil fuels from Russia to EU using the pipelines. The main objective of the article is to determine to what extent new transport routes for gas and oil by passing Ukraine will determine Slovak economy in the field of energy security as well as fiscal revenues. At the broader level, authors analyse potential effects for the whole EU in the field of energy security, transport costs but also CO2 footprint when using alternatives to pipelines. Article synthetises alternatives to Russian energy shipments, predominantly to CEE, and possible costs stemming from Ukrainian political changes. An added value of the article lies in analysis of the difference between commercial benefits of Russian supplies besides import dependence, regional effects and general energy policy goals fulfilment.
Financial literacy as knowledge necessary in today’s globalized world
Authors: Beranová Markéta , Šíma Jan , Navrátilová Miroslava
Published: January 2020

The current globalized world requires individuals to take responsibility for their decisions. Therefore, it is necessary that the younger generation reach a certain level of knowledge, including knowledge of financial literacy. Financial literacy covers an important area security in old age. The aim of this paper is to assess the level of financial literacy amongst university students, with a focus on income security in old age. Primary data were obtained by quantitative research using a questionnaire survey (n = 1 437) in 2018 amongst full-time bachelors and masters degree students at three universities. The selected universities focus on economy and agriculture and each of them is located in a different region of the Czech Republic. The results show that 47.8% of respondents worry about their income security in old age. As a way of financing the retirement, most of the respondents chose the option “from the state pension and in another way”. Statistical evaluation proved dependence between the gender of respondents and the responses mentioned above. Women more often chose the “from state pension and in another way” option than men. On the other hand, men chose the “in another way” option more often. It follows that men do not want to be dependent on the state, but they want to secure themselves in another way.
Global Trends in the Labor Market and Balance of Losses and Benefits from Labor Migration
Authors: Krajňáková Emília , Vojtovič Sergej
Published: January 2020

The study deals with the analysis of global labor market trends in the European Union countries under the influence of free movement and labor migration within the European Union. Named analyzes include defining trends in the emigration and immigration flows of the workforce among the countries of the European Union that apply the policy of migration and countries that are the source of labor emigration. On this basis, labor migration losses and benefits are assessed and their impact on GDP creation on the labor market, the state budget and other economic and social indicators for countries with a migration policy and for countries with a strong majority of labor migration flows abroad are examined. On this basis, the processes of creating imbalances in the European labor market, which are affected by the absence of balance sheets in the benefits and losses of labor migration for individual countries, are examined. The analyzes and investigations carried out have resulted in the definition and justification of the shift in the balance of losses and benefits of labor migration towards a predominance of benefits for countries with a migration policy and a prevalence of losses for countries with a strong dominance of labor migration flows abroad.
The impact of Data structure on classification ability of financial failure prediction model
Authors: Svabova Lucia , Michalkova Lucia
Published: January 2020

The creation of prediction models to reveal the threat of financial difficulties of the companies is realized by the application of various multivariate statistical methods. From a global perspective, prediction models serve to classify a company into a group of prosperous or non-prosperous companies, or to quantify the probability of financial difficulties in the company. In many countries around the world, real financial data about the companies are used in developing these prediction models. In Slovakia, standard data from the financial statements and annual reports of Slovak companies are used for the creation of the company’s failure model. Since in this case there are generally large data files, it is necessary to pre-process the data by the selected methods before the prediction model is constructed. A database of the companies needs to be prepared for the subsequent application of statistical methods, and it is also highly appropriate to focus globally on the detection of potential extreme and remote observations. Therefore, the article will focus on quantifying the impact of the data structure detected, for example, the occurrence of extreme and remote observations in the data set, on the resulting overall classification of the prediction ability of the models created.
Students and their professional work in international perspective. Comparative analysis of social attitudes
Authors: Swadźba Urszula
Published: January 2020

Modern, global labour market requires a lot of skills and experience from employees. The young generation of V4 countries is the first generation whose reality is based on the laws of world capitalism. The paper discusses of students attitudes towards work, especially towards working abroad on a global labour market. The paper first presents the concept of attitudes, specially attitudes towards work. An analysis was carried out on the basis of empirical research, with the use of auditorium survey, within the framework of the Visegrad Standard Grant. The empirical research referred to in the text was conducted using the audit survey method at universities of four Visegrad countries - in Katowice (Poland), Nitra (Slovakia), Olomouc and Ostrava (Czech Republic) and Godollo (Hungary). In the paper three components attitudes toward work: cognitive, affective and behavioral will be analyzed. During the empirical analysis following questions will be answered: What is the students’ knowledge about getting a job? What is the value of work in their lives? Are they going to emigrate abroad to look for a job and face global labour market? The conclusion will contain definitions of three types of students’ attitude towards working on the global labour market (coherent, ambivalent and incoherent).
Raising The Level Of Secondary Vocational and Higher Education As A Global Goal Aimed at Activity in The Labour Market
Authors: Zagidullina Venera , Khalikov Artem , Ryzhova Asya
Published: January 2020

Today, the promotion of economic progress in the global economy plays an important role. The unification of the world market leads to the need to improve the competitiveness of each country. Economic growth should be directed at the individual, as it affects the well-being and development of people. Quality of life is manifested in various activities and includes demographic, ethnographic, political and environmental aspects of human existence on the General ideological and cultural background. Scientific standards of needs and interests of people serve as an objective assessment of the quality of life of people, according to which it is possible to objectively judge the degree of satisfaction of these needs and interests. At the same time, any statistical values are not able to assess the needs and interests of people, as they are individual and exist only in the minds of people. We highlight the category of education for analysis. The importance of learning is evident in developed countries, as it plays a major role in personal and social development. This paper reveals the relationship between the level of secondary vocational and higher education with indicators of activity in the labor market. Gender indicators have been collected for a more accurate analysis of the level of education as a decisive factor in economic growth. Life expectancy has a significant impact on gender indicators of the population. The analysis on the number of economically inactive population by age groups in the Russian Federation is given. The problems caused by the employment of graduates who have completed secondary vocational or higher education are possible only through the interaction of the labor market with the market of educational services.
Proactive industrial policy as the main strategy for improving Russia’s competitiveness in the context of global economic processes
Authors: Aliaskarova Zhamilia , Pashkus Vadim , Blagikh Ivan
Published: January 2020

An effective industrial policy in the context of globalization is becoming increasingly possible thanks to the use of a proactive strategy based on the principles of the New knowledge economy. It is not so much import substitution and support for extensive production that comes to the fore, but rather the strengthening of quality potential, primarily in the field of IT, innovation and education as the main sphere of human capital creation. Purpose of this article is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Russian industrial policy and to show that only a proactive industrial policy can achieve the best results in a modern innovative economy. The authors use research methods such as an analysis of the theoretical aspects of an effective industrial policy of the future using soft power tools based on the concept of economic security, as well as an analysis of Russian experience in this area. This analysis is based on data from statistical indicators of industrial policy and assessment of import substitution coefficients. Based on this, the authors conclude that the success of the import substitution policy directly depends on whether it is an immanent part of economic policy or is carried out solely for political reasons.
The impact of economic policy instruments on the conditions of sustainable economic growth
Authors: Altunyan Armen , Kotcofana Tatiana , Bazzhina Viktoria
Published: January 2020

Given the low rates of economic growth in Russia and the aggravation of the geopolitical situation, the question of the prospects for its stimulation with fiscal and monetary policy tools is of particular relevance. The main priority of the economic policy is to ensure financial stability and prevent destabilization, taking into account the volatility of hydrocarbons prices and the geopolitical tensions. The article uses dialectical materialistic and concrete historical methods to protect that the current economic policies should be focused on sustainable economic growth. It is necessary to form a new strategy of monetary regulation and budget policy that would contribute to the sustainable development of the Russian economy and ensure the economic security of the country. In the perspective of maintaining sustainable economic growth, it is important to solve the problem of equitable distribution, expressed in a strong stratification of society and the violation of social stability, the implementation of economic policy at the level of macroeconomic planning; it is advisable for the Central Bank to follow the link between the possible range of inflation and economic growth; to stimulate consumer and investment demand by reducing interest rates, to form money supply not due to linking gold and foreign currency reserves, but under the issue of securities, to increase budget expenditures and increase public debt for the sake of investment in education and health care.
Alternative approach to analysis of risks affecting the efficiency of implementing the investment project in the conditions of global instability of economic space
Authors: Chechenova Liana M. , Volykhina Natalia V. , Egorov Yuriy V.
Published: January 2020

This article is devoted to the study of improving the use of expert assessments for risk analysis, affecting the effectiveness of the implementation of a comprehensive investment project in the global instability of the economic space. The existing methods of expert assessments and Monte-Carlo simulation methods used to identify and assess the risks of investment projects are described. A systematic analysis of the main risks of investment projects in the context of globalization and risk management methods was carried out. The author’s classification of risks of investment projects using the criteria of economic efficiency has been developed. An approach to risk analysis, affecting the effectiveness of the implementation of complex investment projects based on existing methods using the concept of the “reduced” random factor, is proposed. This approach is used to analyse project implementation risks in the conditions of market instability with the development of recommendations for managing the main project risks. The author’s risk classification of investment projects is important at the stage of analysing risks arising from the study of sales markets, as well as during the management decision-making process, which minimizes the possible adverse impact on an organization, including losses caused by random events. The proposed approach can be applied to the analysis, express-analysis and risk management of long-term complex investment projects in the conditions of global instability of the economic space.
Promises for cluster progression: Russian automotive market outlook
Authors: Korostyshevskaya Elena , Chudakov Anatoliy
Published: January 2020

Purpose of this article is to define the ability of Russian institutions to act as agents of change and innovation. Growing multi local economic activity stimulates innovative enterprises for cooperation with stakeholders. Usually, it means consumers, suppliers, authorities and government involvement in change processes. If achievement of interests balance is clear and transparent for all stakeholders, they will be change agents. Modern experience in streamlining social and economic relations between stakeholders focuses on the development of functional institutions that can act as agents of change. Forms of organization of such institutions can be clusters, technology parks, holdings, management companies, joint-stock companies, state-owned companies, manufacturers’ associations, marketing cooperatives, and professional communities. Research methods are statistics index analysis and network analysis. Working with these research methods, World Bank Input-Output Database, Federal Custom data, Rosstat data and law searching system we prove impossibility of full-fledged cluster policy implementation. Finally we prove that present Russian institutes are complacent and require more transparency. Consequently, cluster progression needs for common institutional space, supporting clear and transparent transactions between stakeholders, regardless of their location and technologies used.
Globalization and Foreign Trade: Selected Topics in Central European Countries
Authors: Kovárník Jaroslav , Hamplová Eva
Published: January 2020

Foreign trade plays important role in the economy of every country, especially in modern globalized world. This article deals with selected aspects of foreign trade in countries from central Europe, namely in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Germany, and Austria. Method of comparative analysis has been used in this article. Firstly, the article analyses the development of GDP (foreign trade is part of GDP formula in every open economy), where the most powerful economies are Germany and Austria. Secondly, overall development of trade with goods and services in all selected countries has been analysed. Surprisingly, the only country with deficit in case of services is Germany. Thirdly, the article focuses on development in two countries, namely of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The openness of these two countries is compared, but most of all, the export and import of these two countries in relation with other analysed countries. Relatively surprising result is that for both countries is the most important business partner Germany, but there are some differences. Detail results are described in the article.
Strategic operational analysis based on balanced scorecard in present-day global economic environment
Authors: Krylov Sergey
Published: January 2020

The balanced scorecard (BSC) is one of well-trialled management instruments that are familiar to all market participants in the world. This fact allows for efficient utilization of BSC in conditions of globalization. The paper considers theoretical aspects of the applied strategic operational analysis (ASOA) based on the operational element of BSC to be applied in the research process of the strategic organization operational activity aspects and its production management. The methodology of the research is the BSC concept as well as the concept of the applied strategic analysis concept having been developed by the author. ASOA is depicted to encompass comparative assessment, variances diagnostics and indicators forecast of the operational BSC element within the strategic operational goals Due goods delivery, manufacturing cost and products quality compliance with customer’s demand are to be analyzed. The results can be applied for managerial decisions development in the field of an operational organization activity. The author draws a conclusion is drawn that ASOA is a new and sufficiently effective tool to research strategic aspects of the organization operational activity and to form an analytical support for the strategic operational management in the present-day global economic environment, especially to ensure economic sustainability in emerging markets.
A socially responsible society in the era of globalization
Authors: Novák Jaromír
Published: January 2020

Globalization is a broad-spectrum concept in its content and scope. It is not a fashionable word only. There are many causes of globalization. Human desire for cognition and transformation of living conditions can be considered as the main causes. Globalization has its economic causes; it enables higher forms of linking the material and non-material values together. The influence of science and technology is also the cause of the evolution of globalization. Globalization also has communication, human and technical dimensions. Last but not least, globalization requires and enables social and ethical approaches as a decisive condition of social existence and human life. History shows that adequate attention is not paid to people. The two world wars in the last century and the wars waged in this century bear witness to that, often thanks to the so-called advanced societies. The important international organizations such as the UNO, the EU and NATO have been established to foster cooperation and peace relations between states and continents to build a responsible global society In recent years, there has been an effort to create socially responsible companies. The whole society as for the world, continents, countries, regions, municipalities, companies and families must be socially responsible. Management belongs to human consciousness and being. Skilful management is science and art; it is a basic condition for the survival of civilization. Science and technology, and its implications, have advantages and also considerable risks. They have a share in the safety or danger of a society. Our society is increasingly determined by environmental factors such as health, air, water, soil, food, raw materials, energy and transport.
The Pressure of Globalization on Educational Evolution in Emerging Economies
Authors: Rădulescu Carmen Valentina , Oancea Negescu Mihaela Diana , Georgescu Raluca
Published: January 2020

Education is the path to sustainable evolution and acceleration of the catching up process in emerging economies. Without education there is no technological breakthrough, no increase in the created added value and also no improvement in the overall quality of life of a nation’s inhabitants. This paper focuses on the added value created by education as a standalone process and also as a 2nd tier influencer of the economic meadow, with strong bifocal influence resulted in the adaptation and creation of economic policies targeted towards new educational standards. The main method of research used was documentary analysis that used both primary data from the literature, especially articles from journals indexed in international databases and from secondary data. The findings allowed us to draw conclusions on the expected course of action for education in the next period as well as the elements that can be included in the educational strategy. The pressure of globalization requires changes both economically, socially, politically and culturally and educationally. Changes are often accompanied by risks. Their debates have made it possible to identify future actions. The pressure of globalization requires changes both economically, socially, politically and culturally and educationally. Changes are often accompanied by risks. Their debates have made it possible to identify future actions for a sustainable and sustained development of emerging economies.
Manganese-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Simple Ketones Using an Imidazole-Based Chiral PNN Tridentate Ligand
Authors: Ling Fei , Chen Jiachen , Nian Sanfei , Hou Huacui , Yi Xiao , Wu Feifei , Xu Min , Zhong Weihui
Published: January 2020

A series of Mn(I) catalysts containing imidazole-based chiral PNN tridentate ligands with controllable ‘side arm’ groups have been established, enabling the inexpensive base-promoted asymmetric hydrogenation of simple ketones with outstanding activities (up to 8200 TON) and good enantioselectivities (up to 88.5% ee). This protocol features wide substrate scope and functional group tolerance, thereby providing easy access to a key intermediate of crizotinib.
Synthetic Studies on Bilobalide
Authors: Shiogai Akihiro , Toma Tatsuya , Yokoshima Satoshi
Published: January 2020

We disclose our synthetic studies on bilobalide, which features a Diels–Alder reaction of a cyclic anhydride to form two contiguous quaternary carbon centers, desymmetrization of a symmetric diol, and construction of a cyclic acetal under acidic conditions with inversion of configuration at an allylic position.
One-dimensional theory and simulations of the dynamic Z-pinch
Authors: Angus J. R. , Link A. J. , Schmidt A. E. W.
Published: January 2020

The dynamical formation of a Z-pinch in the strong-shock limit is studied in this paper using one-dimensional (1D) simulations of a two-temperature magnetohydrodynamic model. The classic 1D picture consists of three stages: run-in, reflected-shock, and expansion. The special case of a constant current I and uniform gas fill, which are approximate conditions of the pinch-formation stage in a dense plasma focus, is examined in detail. Time-profiles for the shock-front and piston positions during the run-in stage are compared with some of the commonly used 0D models from the literature. Some practical improvements to these models are presented here and it is shown that this model gives the best agreement with results from the simulations. Maximum compression of the plasma is achieved when the reflected shock from the axis meets the incoming current layer. The ratio of the plasma radius at this time with respect to its initial radius is found from the simulations to be rp/R≈1/8 using 5/3 for the adiabatic coefficient γ. The pressure and temperature of the compressed plasma are found to peak a short time after maximum compression due to the inability of the reflected shock to completely stagnate the incoming plasma driven by the converging current layer. The variation of the results with a finite dI/dt and for different values of γ is presented.
Enhancing the thermo-optical response of nematic liquid crystal with a polymer network
Authors: McGinty Colin , Reich Robert , Clark Harry , Bos Philip
Published: January 2020

As nematic liquid crystals are heated, the change in the nematic order parameter affects the physical properties of the phase such as dielectric permittivity, indices of refraction, and elastic constants. This enables nematic liquid crystals to be used as temperature sensors. Of particular interest is their use as an uncooled thermal imager. In this paper, an optical sensor for this application is considered where the change in birefringence of the liquid crystal with temperature is probed by a visible wavelength. One problem with this type of sensor is the large change in birefringence as the liquid crystal that undergoes a first-order nematic-isotropic phase transition cannot be used. To solve this problem, confinement of the liquid crystal to obtain a second-order phase transition is considered. Confinement of the liquid crystal is accomplished with a polymer network. Through numerical Landau-de Gennes calculations and experimental measurements, it is demonstrated that the average domain size of an appropriate polymer network is ∼250 nm. This confinement results in a doubling of the thermo-optical response of the nematic liquid crystal. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the polymer network suppresses twist fluctuations of the nematic director, which halves the noise of the sensor. The results of this work allow for improved uncooled thermal imagers.
Thickness of natural contaminant layers on metal surfaces and its effects on laser-driven ion acceleration
Authors: Lécz Zs. , Budai J. , Andreev A. , Ter-Avetisyan S.
Published: January 2020

In the laser-driven ion acceleration studies, the naturally deposited contaminant layer on the target surface is thought to be a source of energetic ions and protons. Using ellipsometric measurements, we found that the thickness of the surface natural contaminant layer, which cannot be modified without external surface treatment, is on the order of a few nanometers. A conceptual approach is developed where “thick” and “thin” contaminant layer regimes of acceleration are identified and parameterized by the normalized thickness of the contaminant layer. These studies may also help in developing an ion acceleration concept using multilayered targets or through modifications of the target surface.
Machine learning strategies applied to the control of a fluidic pinball
Authors: Raibaudo C. , Zhong P. , Noack B. R. , Martinuzzi R. J.
Published: January 2020

The wake stabilization of a triangular cluster of three rotating cylinders is investigated. Experiments are performed at Reynolds number Re ∼ 2200. Flow control is realized using rotating cylinders spanning the wind-tunnel height. The cylinders are individually connected to identical brushless DC motors. Two-component planar particle image velocimetry measurements and constant temperature hot-wire anemometry were used to characterize the flow without and with actuation. Main open-loop configurations are studied and different controlled flow topologies are identified. Machine learning control is then implemented for the optimization of the flow control performance. Linear genetic algorithms are used here as the optimization technique for the open-loop constant speed-actuators. Two different cost functions J are considered targeting either drag reduction or wake symmetrization. The functions are estimated based on the velocity from three hot-wire sensors in the wake. It is shown that the machine learning approach is an effective strategy for controlling the wake characteristics. More significantly, the results show that machine learning strategies can reveal unanticipated solutions or parameter relations, in addition to being a tool for optimizing searches in large parameter spaces.
Origin of linear magnetoresistance in polycrystalline Bi films
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhang Liqiang , Wang Tianlin , Yang Huazhe , Dai Yuxiang , Qi Yang
Published: January 2020

The linear magnetoresistance (LMR) effect is an interesting topic due to its potential practical applications in magnetoelectronic sensors and magnetic random-access memories. We report the LMR in polycrystalline Bi thin films synthesized by the molecular beam epitaxy method. Though the present films are complex and disordered, semimetal to semiconductor transition is observed due to the quantum size effect. The LMR of the topologically protected surface state dominated two-dimensional transport can be mainly described by the theory of mobility fluctuation based on the Parish-Littlewood (PL) model. In addition, when the temperature is below 10 K, the LMR is originated from the linear energy dispersion based on the quantum model as the supplement of the PL model. The combination of the quantum and PL model may shed light on the LMR essence of polycrystalline Bi films.
Interaction of oxygen with polystyrene and polyethylene polymer films: A mechanistic study
Authors: Fukunaga Yusuke , Longo Roberto C. , Ventzek Peter L. G. , Lane Barton , Ranjan Alok , Hwang Gyeong S. , Hartmann Gregory , Tsutsumi Takayoshi , Ishikawa Kenji , Kondo Hiroki , Sekine Makoto , Hori Masaru
Published: January 2020

In this work, first principles calculations combined with advanced surface diagnostics are used to unravel the mechanisms of plasma oxygen interaction with organic films of interest for advanced patterning in semiconductor device manufacturing. Results from a combination of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) diagnosed oxygen plasma exposed polystyrene films and first principles modeling of organic films (polystyrene, polyethylene, and derivatives) provide insights into how organic films are oxidized by oxygen atoms. XPS measurements show the rapid formation of C-O structures and their saturation after oxygen exposure on both pristine and argon bombarded polystyrene samples. Quantum mechanics calculations confirm that C-OH formation can be immediate without recourse to previously formed dangling bonds. Multiple oxygen impacts are required for scission of pristine ethylene carbon strands. Therefore, ethylene films can be converted to polyols that are stable, whereas more likely strands are broken before polyol formation through the formation of water and C=O. On the contrary, intermediate compounds with adjacent C=O bonds are not likely to form stable structures. The combination of XPS measurements and modeling implies that the oxidation of polystyrene and polyethylene is self-limiting on both hydrogen saturated and dehydrogenated (after argon ion plasma bombardment) surfaces.
Twin domains modulate light-matter interactions in metal halide perovskites
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Li Mingxing , Wang Miaosheng , Collins Liam , Ievlev Anton V. , Jesse Stephen , Xiao Kai , Hu Bin , Belianinov Alex , Ovchinnikova Olga S.
Published: January 2020

Despite the extensive insights gained in how the microstructure impacts the device performance of metal halide perovskites (MHPs), little is known about the effect of the ferroelastic twin domains on the optoelectronic properties of MHPs. In this work, the effect of the ferroelastic twin domains on the photoluminescence (PL) behavior of CH3NH3PbI3 is investigated by correlating measurements from multiple microscopies. PL spectra and the confocal PL lifetime maps reveal no difference in wavelength of emitted light and decay dynamics between the neighboring domains, whereas PL intensity is different. We propose that the PL intensity variation is induced by the difference in light-matter interactions between neighboring domains. These results suggest that the effect of ferroelastic twin domains on the intrinsic PL behavior is negligible. We expect that this work will stimulate researchers to further explore the impact of twin domains on the photophysical properties of MHPs.
Terahertz spectrum in SHNO driven by the pure spin current
Authors: Jiang B. , Zhang W. , Li J. , Yu S. , Han G. , Xiao S. , Liu G. , Yan S. , Kang S.
Published: January 2020

We studied the auto-oscillation spectrum of spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNO) based on synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs) by micromagnetic simulations. In our model, Py/Ru/Py is used as the SAF, and the typical heavy metal Pt is used to generate the pure spin current via spin Hall effect (SHE). The pure spin current perpendicularly flows into SAF and drive the magnetizations in SAF to precession. We found that the oscillation frequency of the nano-gap SHNO driven by the pure spin current can reach terahertz once the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) intensity of SAF and current density are reasonably strong. This terahertz spectrum can be excited even without any external magnetic field. The competition between RKKY interaction and SHE definitely boost up the dynamics of magnetization in SAF. Moreover, the terahertz spectrum can be tuned by DC current and/or RKKY intensity. We also studied the influence of the thickness of SAF on the terahertz spectrum. Finally, the nonreciprocity of the generated terahertz spectrum is demonstrated by introducing DMI between HM and SAF. Our results suggest a possible way to exploit terahertz spintronics devices.
Hydrodynamics of median-fin interactions in fish-like locomotion: Effects of fin shape and movement
Authors: Han Pan , Lauder George V. , Dong Haibo
Published: January 2020

Recent studies have shown that by utilizing the interactions among median fins (the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins), fishes can achieve higher propulsion performance at the caudal fin. This work aims at a systematic study of the effects of dorsal/anal fin shape and flapping phase on the hydrodynamic performance due to median-fin interactions (MFI) in underwater propulsion using a three-dimensional bluegill sunfish model. Flow simulations were conducted on stationary Cartesian grids using an immersed-boundary-method-based incompressible Navier-Stokes flow solver. The results showed that, due to the collision between the posterior body vortices (PBVs) and caudal fin leading edge vortices (LEVs), the latter is strengthened. As a result, the thrust and efficiency of the caudal fin are improved simultaneously, by 25.6% and 29.2%, respectively. Increases in the dorsal/anal fin area result in stronger caudal fin LEVs, and thus further caudal fin performance enhancement. On the other hand, changing the dorsal/anal fin flapping phase affects the collision time between the PBVs and the LEVs, and results in caudal fin performance changes. Phase-leading dorsal and anal fins are found to improve caudal fin efficiency, whereas phase-lag dorsal and anal fins maintain caudal fin thrust at a higher level. Compared to trunk-synchronized dorsal and anal fins, 60° phase-leading dorsal and anal fins increase the propulsive efficiency of the caudal fin from 77.9% to 90.1%. In addition, it is found that the presence of the dorsal and anal fins greatly reduces drag on the fish body by preventing the PBVs from crossing the body midline and debilitating interactions between the left- and right-stroke PBVs. Results of this work improve our understanding of MFI in fishlike swimming and demonstrate the benefits of optimal MFI for the design of high-performance bioinspired underwater vehicles.
Theoretical study on lowering loss of skin effect suppressed multi-layer transmission line with positive/negative (Cu/NiFe) permeability materials for high data-rate and low delay-time I/O interface board
Authors: Aizawa Y. , Nakayama H. , Kubomura K. , Nakamura R. , Tanaka H.
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a new application of skin effect suppression technology for long wiring on high-speed & low-delay I/O board. This proposal will overcome the difficulty of further reducing the transmission losses on the I/O board with vert >vert 50 Gb/s data rate. In previous research, it was demonstrated that suppression of the skin effect by electroplated conductor/magnetic multi-layer, and estimated that the degree of transmission loss decrease at 16 GHz would be 5 %. A major challenge in this paper is to propose an electromagnetic field calculation theory for rectangular multi-layer transmission line, verify it under the same conditions, clarify a lower loss structure by changing thickness of each layer. Also it is expanded to low loss design technology. Cu and NiFe were selected as metal conductor material and negative permeability magnetic material, respectively. The Cu and NiFe films are alternately stacked to form the multi-layer. The top and bottom surface layers are Cu layers. The loss suppression was compared under the following conditions. 1) Total number of layers was 33 and total thickness was 12.67 μm by a constant ratio, Cu: tN = 0.51μm and NiFe: tF = 0.25μm. 2) Optimal stacking determined by changing the thickness of each layer. Compared to conventional thickness by a constant ratio 1), in our proposal 2), we estimated that the loss would dropped to 92% in optimal thickness. By offsetting the phase change of current density, a lower loss structure could be determined. Compared with Cu conductor, the top and bottom surface current densities become low, and depth center current density becomes slightly high for the multi-layer, showing the skin effect is suppressed.
Application of grain-oriented electrical steel used in super-high speed electric machines
Authors: Gao Lingyu , Zeng Lubin , Yang Jiaxin , Pei Ruilin
Published: January 2020

The saturation magnetic density is lower due to the silicon content of the conventional motor core made of Non Grain-Oriented (NGO) silicon steel. It is increasingly difficult to meet the demand for high power density and high torque density of modern motors. Based on the above reasons, this paper proposed the idea of replacing the NGO silicon steel core by the Grain-Oriented (GO) silicon steel core part through a combined design. This paper mainly presents a novel thin an-isotropic GO silicon steel core used in high-speed (up to 14500rpm) traction motors. Magnetic saturation, power loss, thermal conductivity, and mechanical property analysis of the motor have been completed. Numerical modeling and experimental results have been given. The new prototype is being fabricated and it can be produced in mass production in the next few years.
Laser monitoring of dynamic behavior of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetic field gradient
Authors: Tsunashima Kenta , Jinno Katsuya , Hiramatsu Bunta , Fujimoto Kayo , Sakai Kenji , Kiwa Toshihiko , Saari Mohd Mawardi , Tsukada Keiji
Published: January 2020

Manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) by an external magnetic field has been widely studied in the fields of biotechnology and medicine for collecting and/or reacting biomaterials in the solutions. Here, dynamic behaviors of MNP in solution under changing gradient magnetic field were investigated using our newly developed laser transmission system (LTS) with a variable magnetic field manipulator. The manipulator consists of a moving permanent magnet placed beside the optical cell filled with MNP solution. A laser beam was focused on the cell and the transmitted laser beam was detected by a silicon photodiode, so that the localized concentration of the MNP at the focused area could be evaluated by the intensity of transmitted laser beam. In this study, the LTS was applied to evaluate dynamic behaviors of MNP in serum solution. Dispersion and aggregation of MNP in the solution were evaluated. While time evolution of dispersion depends on the serum concentration, the behavior during aggregation by the magnetic field was independent of the serum concentration. A series of measurements for zeta-potentials, distributions of particle size, and magnetization distributions was carried out to understand this difference in the behavior. The results indicated that a Brownian motion was main force to distribute the MNP in the solution; on the other hand, the magnetic force to the MNP mainly affected the behavior during aggregation of the MNP in the solution.
Quasi-3D electromagnetic analysis and experimental verification of multi-pole magnetization BLDC motor
Authors: Shin Hyo-Seob , Jang Gang-Hyeon , Choi Jang-Young
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a quasi-3D electromagnetic analysis of the multi-pole magnetization BLDC motor. The permanent magnet (PM) of a multi-pole magnetization BLDC motor has several poles in a magnet. The polar separation section of the multi-pole PM is implemented through the magnetization pattern function. The analysis model of this study, as the outer rotor type, has two 3D structures: the PM overhang and housing-integrated rotor core. Because the 3D analysis is time consuming, 3D structures are corrected to 2D analysis model. The PM overhang is corrected by considering the magnitude of magnetic energy, and the housing-integrated rotor core is corrected by considering the radial direction flux of the rotor core. Finally, the corrected 2D analysis model of a multi-pole magnetization BLDC motor is verified experimentally.
Efficient adjustment of finite graphene scattering properties via magnetic-bias control for advanced beam manipulation
Authors: Amanatiadis Stamatios , Ohtani Tadao , Kanai Yasushi , Kantartzis Nikolaos
Published: January 2020

In the present work, the scattering of an incident plane wave due to magnetically-biased graphene patches is thoroughly investigated at millimeter-wave and THz bands. Initially, the surface conductivity of graphene is evaluated at these spectral regions and a finite layer is placed perpendicular to the propagation of an incident plane wave. Then, the radar cross-section, at a plane normal to graphene, is numerically extracted and the anisotropic effects due to the magnetostatic bias Lorentz forces on electrons, reveal the influence of gyrotropy and magnetoplasmon excitation on the back-scattered wave. Specifically, the directivity of the latter is calculated as a function of the magnetostatic field considering a couple of electrostatic biases and frequencies. As expected, stronger fields are enabling graphene gyrotropic behaviour, while the propagating surface waves increase the edge effects of the finite sheet. Finally, the extracted results from the previous analyses are evaluated appropriately to design combinations of graphene patches, of different magnetic-bias fields in order to investigate the potential of advanced beam manipulation potential. The outcome of this part is promising since the variation of bias fields is able to adjust considerably the main-lobe direction of the back-scattered field. All numerical results are extracted via an accurate modification of the popular Finite-Difference Time-Domain scheme.