bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
НАВИГАЦИОННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ
Authors: Shvetsova Anastasia Fedorovna
Published: November 2019

Данная статья посвящена вопросам происхождения понятия «зона навигационной безопасности». Подробно раскрывается значение термина для современной теории и практики судовождения, и описываются основные этапы его развития. Особое внимание обращается на трактовку понятия ведущими отечественными и зарубежными учеными, на основании взглядов которых прогнозируются передовые тенденции в развитии теории зоны навигационной безопасности.
The new evidence-based policy: public participation between ‘hard evidence’ and democracy in practice
Authors: Pallett Helen
Published: November 2019

Background:

Debates about evidence-based policy (EBP) were revived in the UK in the 2010s in the context of civil service reform and changing practices of policy making, including institutionalisation of public participation in science policy making.

Aims and objectives:

This paper aims to explore this revival of interest in EBP in the context of the Government-funded public participation programme Sciencewise, which supports and promotes public dialogues in science policy making. It is based on in-depth ethnographic study of the programme during 2013, considering the impacts on Sciencewise practices and working understandings of engaging in the EBP debate. There is a particular focus on the advantages and disadvantages of categorising public participation as a source of evidence-based policy as opposed to presenting participation as a democratic act which is separate from discussions of EBP.

Key conclusions:

At different times Sciencewise actors moved between these stances in order to gain credibility and attention for their work, and to situate the outcomes of public participation processes in a broader policy context. In some instances the presentation of outputs from public participation processes as legitimate evidence for policy gave them greater influence and enriched broader discussions about the meaning and practice of open policy. However, it also frequently led to their dismissal on methodological grounds, inhibiting serious engagement with their outputs and challenging internal frameworks for evaluation and learning.
The social construction of media trust: An exploratory study in underserved communities
Authors: Schmidt Thomas R. , Heyamoto Lisa , Milbourn Todd
Published: November 2019

Trust in the news media has re-emerged as an important research topic but scholarship often focuses on the narrow question of credibility and overlooks underserved communities. This study explores how people in marginalized communities define trust in their own words. Based on data
from focus groups, this article identifies key dimensions of trust and proposes a folk theory of trust in the news media: Trust depends on responsibility, integrity and inclusiveness.
Virulence and antibiotic resistance profile of avian Escherichia coli strains isolated from colibacillosis lesions in central of Algeria
Authors: Meguenni Nacima , Chanteloup Nathalie , Tourtereau Angelina , Ahmed Chafika Ali , Bounar-Kechih Saliha , Schouler Catherine
Published: November 2019

Background and Aim: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli cause extensive mortality in poultry flocks, leading to extensive economic losses. To date, in Algeria, little information has been available on virulence potential and antibiotics resistance of avian E. coli isolates. Therefore, the aim of this study was the characterization of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profile of Algerian E. coli strains isolated from diseased broilers.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 43 avian E. coli strains isolated from chicken colibacillosis lesions at different years were analyzed to determine their contents in 10 virulence factors by polymerase chain reaction, antimicrobial susceptibility to 22 antibiotics belonging to six different chemical classes and genomic diversity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Results: Mainly E. coli isolates (58.1%) carried two at six virulence genes and the most frequent virulence gene association detected were ompT (protectin), hlyF (hemolysin) with 55.8% (p<0.001), and iroN, sitA (iron acquisition/uptake systems), and iss (protectin) with 41.8% (p<0.001). Some strains were diagnosed as virulent according to their virulence gene profile. Indeed, 23.25% of the isolates harbored iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, and sitA combination, 14% ompT, hlyF, and frzorf4 (sugar metabolism), and 11,6% iroN, hlyF, ompT, iss, iutA (iron acquisition/uptake systems), and frzorf4. The chicken embryo lethality assay performed on five isolates confirmed the potential virulence of these strains. All isolates submitted to PFGE analysis yielded different genetic profiles, which revealed their diversity. Overall, 97.2% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 53.5% demonstrated multi-antimicrobial resistance to three different antimicrobial classes. The highest resistance levels were against nalidixic acid (83.4%), amoxicillin and ampicillin (83.3%), ticarcillin (80.5%), pipemidic acid (75%), and triméthoprim-sulfamethoxazole (66.6%). For beta-lactam class, the main phenotype observed belonged to broad-spectrum beta-lactamases. However, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase associated with three at six virulence factors was also detected in 13 isolates. Two of them were attested virulent as demonstrated in the embryo lethality test which constitutes a real public threat.

Conclusion: It would be imperative in avian production to discourage misuse while maintaining constant vigilance guidelines and regulations, to limit and rationalize antimicrobial use.
MORFOLOGI, KLASIFIKASI, DAN SEBARAN CUMI-CUMI FAMILI LOLINGINIDAE
Authors: Wulandari Diah Anggraini
Published: November 2019

MORPHOLOGY, CLASIFICATION, AND DISTRIBUTION OF SQUID FAMILY LOLINGINIDAE. Squids are one of Indonesian export commodities that is produced in frozen, salted, dried or canned, however the information about biology, ecology, habitat and distribution of squid are little known. Squid have ten tentacles equipped with suction, and generates ink to defend against their enemies. Squids are demersal or semi-pelagic animal that lives in the waters column up to a depth of 400 m with diurnal movements. Squids reproduce sexually and by deocious. Squids with family Lolinginidae (genus Lolious) are distributed across the Indonesian waters with temperatures of 8 to 32 C and salinity of 8.5 to 30 ppm. Familly Lolinginidae is grouped into several genera included Afrololigo, Allotheuthis, Dorytheuthis, Heterololigo, Loliolus, Lollinguncula, Pickfordiateuthis, Sepioteuthis, dan Urotheuthis
A INOVAÇÃO COMO IMPULSO À INVERSÃO DA CONDIÇÃO DE ATRASO: UMA REALIDADE PARA O CASO BRASILEIRO?
Authors: LAURIANO NAYARA GONÇALVES
Published: November 2019

A inovação tem sido estratégica para impulsionar o processo de desenvolvimento. Consciente disso, o Brasil vem formulando diretrizes para impulsionar sua capacidade de desenvolver tecnologia e inovar, porém os resultados acumulados ao longo dos anos são ainda modestos. O objetivo deste artigo é permitir uma exposição lógica e discursiva acerca da suficiência da inovação como alavanca para o desenvolvimento das economias subdesenvolvidas na conjuntura atual. Com isso, o trabalho se organizou no formato de ensaio teórico, dialogando com a literatura que articula a inovação como elemento para o desenvolvimento e com dados que exploram a realidade brasileira. Identificou-se que o Brasil possui uma trajetória de iniciativas para expandir e amadurecer suas condições inovativas, no entanto a absorção destas por uma estrutura de subdesenvolvimento mostra-se instigante. Este aspecto contrasta com o discurso de inovação protagonizado pelos países tidos como desenvolvidos, tratado de forma crítica pelo presente artigo. Por fim, argumenta-se que, para que os esforços em inovação transbordem garantindo maiores níveis de desenvolvimento para o Brasil, é necessário que contrariedades e atrasos históricos sejam superados, entendendo que os mesmos obstruem a inovação pretendida.
Multitarget Stool DNA Test Performance in an Average-Risk Colorectal Cancer Screening Population
Authors: Bosch L.J.W. , Melotte V. , Mongera S. , Daenen K.L.J. , Coupé V.M.H. , van Turenhout S.T. , Stoop E.M. , de Wijkerslooth T.R. , Mulder C.J.J. , Rausch C. , Kuipers E.J. , Dekker E. , Domanico M.J. , Lidgard G.P. , Berger B.M. , van Engeland M. , Carvalho B. , Meijer G.A.
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION:

We set out to evaluate the performance of a multitarget stool DNA (MT-sDNA) in an average-risk colonoscopy-controlled colorectal cancer (CRC) screening population. MT-sDNA stool test results were evaluated against fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results for the detection of different lesions, including molecularly defined high-risk adenomas and several other tumor characteristics.

METHODS:

Whole stool samples (n = 1,047) were prospectively collected and subjected to an MT-sDNA test, which tests for KRAS mutations, NDRG4 and BMP3 promoter methylation, and hemoglobin. Results for detecting CRC (n = 7), advanced precancerous lesions (advanced adenoma [AA] and advanced serrated polyps; n = 119), and non-AAs (n = 191) were compared with those of FIT alone (thresholds of 50, 75, and 100 hemoglobin/mL). AAs with high risk of progression were defined by the presence of specific DNA copy number events as measured by low-pass whole genome sequencing.

RESULTS:

The MT-sDNA test was more sensitive than FIT alone in detecting advanced precancerous lesions (46% (55/119) vs 27% (32/119), respectively, P < 0.001). Specificities among individuals with nonadvanced or negative findings (controls) were 89% (791/888) and 93% (828/888) for MT-sDNA and FIT testing, respectively. A positive MT-sDNA test was associated with multiple lesions (P = 0.005), larger lesions (P = 0.03), and lesions with tubulovillous architecture (P = 0.04). The sensitivity of the MT-sDNA test or FIT in detecting individuals with high-risk AAs (n = 19) from individuals with low-risk AAs (n = 52) was not significantly different.

DISCUSSION:

In an average-risk screening population, the MT-sDNA test has an increased sensitivity for detecting advanced precancerous lesions compared with FIT alone. AAs with a high risk of progression were not detected with significantly higher sensitivity by MT-sDNA or FIT.
GENETICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Glucocorticoid resistance syndrome
Authors: Vitellius Géraldine , Lombes Marc
Published: November 2019

Glucocorticoids (GC) such as cortisol regulate multiple physiological functions, notably those involved in development, metabolism, inflammatory processes and stress, and exert their effects upon binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, encoded by NR3C1 gene in humans). GC signaling follows several consecutive steps leading to target gene transactivation, including ligand binding, nuclear translocation of ligand-activated GR complexes, DNA binding, and recruitment of functional transcriptional machinery. Generalized glucocorticoid resistance syndrome, due to GR loss-of-function mutations, may be related to the impairment of one of the GC signaling steps. To date, 31 NR3C1 loss-of-function mutations have been reported in patients presenting with various clinical signs such as hypertension, adrenal hyperplasia, hirsutism or metabolic disorders associated with biological hypercortisolism but without Cushing syndrome signs and no negative regulatory feedback loop on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Functional characterization of GR loss-of-function mutations often demonstrates GR haploinsufficiency and a decrease of GR target gene induction in relevant cell types. The main signs at presentation are very variable from resistant hypertension, bilateral adrenal hyperplasia likely related to increased ACTH levels but not exclusively, hirsutism to isolated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system abnormalities in a context of 11βHSD2 deficiency. Some mutated GR patients are obese or overweight together with a healthier metabolic profile that remains to be further explored in future studies. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms altered by GR mutations should enhance our knowledge on GR signaling and ultimately facilitate management of GC-resistant patients. This review also focuses on the criteria facilitating identification of novel NR3C1 mutations in selected patients.
Butyrate modulates diabetes-linked gut dysbiosis: epigenetic and mechanistic modifications
Authors: Noureldein Mohamed H , Bitar Sara , Youssef Natalie , Azar Sami , Eid Assaad A
Published: November 2019

Diabetic dysbiosis has been described as a novel key player in diabetes and diabetic complications. However, the cellular/molecular alterations associated with dysbiosis remain poorly characterized. For that, control, non-obese type 2 diabetic MKR mice and MKR mice treated with butyrate were used to delineate the epigenetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms by which dysbiosis associated with diabetes induces colon shortening and inflammation attesting to gastrointestinal disturbance. Our results show that dysbiosis is associated with T2DM and characterized by reduced Bacteroid fragilis population and butyrate-forming bacteria. The reduction of butyrate-forming bacteria and inadequate butyrate secretion result in alleviating HDAC3 inhibition and altering colon permeability. The observed changes are also associated with an increase in ROS production, a rise in NOX4 proteins, and a shift in the inflammatory markers, where IL-1β is increased and IL-10 and IL-17α are reduced. Treatment with butyrate restores the homeostatic levels of NOX4 and IL-1β. In summary, our data suggest that in T2DM, dysbiosis is associated with a reduction in butyrate content leading to increased HDAC3 activity. Butyrate treatment restores the homeostatic levels of the inflammatory markers and reduces ROS production known to mediate diabetes-induced colon disturbance. Taken together, our results suggest that butyrate could be a potential treatment to attenuate diabetic complications.
La evaluación psicológica en los campos de la psicología jurídica en Colombia: psicología forense
Authors: Vargas Espinosa Nancy M. , Norza Cespedes Ervyn Hermilzon , Amaya Corredor Leidy Johana , Cárdenas Mariño Lina María , Delgado Gonzalez Eliana Catalina , González Beltran Karen Johanna , Henao Martinez Lina Marcela , Medina Sequeda Diana Carolina , Pinzón Martinez Karen Melissa , Zamora Moreno Manuel Felipe
Published: November 2019

En este estudio se buscó analizar los procesos de evaluación en el campo de la psicología forense en Colombia, teniendo como producto argumentativo un marco teórico acerca de la definición de la Psicología Forense (funciones y rol), sus problemas éticos, su aplicación en los diferentes campos del derecho, y sus contraflujos más recurrentes como el tipo de instrumentos y entrevistas que utiliza el psicólogo. De acuerdo con lo anterior y teniendo en cuenta los criterios de selección de los peritos para las pruebas, se diseñó una entrevista estructurada aplicada a una muestra de psicólogos del campo forense a nivel nacional realizando un análisis de corte cuantitativo sobre la experiencia del psicólogo forense, su participación en los diferentes clases de perito, las técnicas y criterios que usa como soporte en cualquier proceso, y por último, algunas conclusiones acerca del posicionamiento en que se encuentra el psicólogo forense en Colombia.
Rapid and Predictable Evolution of Admixed Populations Between TwoDrosophilaSpecies Pairs
Authors: Matute Daniel R , Comeault Aaron A , Earley Eric , Serrato-Capuchina Antonio , Peede David , Monroy-Eklund Anaïs , Huang Wen , Jones Corbin D , Mackay Trudy F C , Coyne Jerry A
Published: November 2019

In this article, Matute et al. report an experiment in which they generated eight interspecific admixed populations using two species pairs of Drosophila. They found that in both species pairs, and across all experimental replicates...

The consequences of hybridization are varied, ranging from the origin of new lineages, introgression of some genes between species, to the extinction of one of the hybridizing species. We generated replicate admixed populations between two pairs of sister species of Drosophila: D. simulans and D. mauritiana; and D. yakuba and D. santomea. Each pair consisted of a continental species and an island endemic. The admixed populations were maintained by random mating in discrete generations for over 20 generations. We assessed morphological, behavioral, and fitness-related traits from each replicate population periodically, and sequenced genomic DNA from the populations at generation 20. For both pairs of species, species-specific traits and their genomes regressed to those of the continental species. A few alleles from the island species persisted, but they tended to be proportionally rare among all sites in the genome and were rarely fixed within the populations. This paucity of alleles from the island species was particularly pronounced on the X-chromosome. These results indicate that nearly all foreign genes were quickly eliminated after hybridization and that selection against the minor species genome might be similar across experimental replicates.
The Rights of Children for Optimal Development and Nurturing Care
Authors: Uchitel Julie , Alden Errol , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Goldhagen Jeffrey , Narayan Aditee Pradhan , Raman Shanti , Spencer Nick , Wertlieb Donald , Wettach Jane , Woolfenden Sue , Mikati Mohamad A.
Published: November 2019

Millions of children are subjected to abuse, neglect, and displacement, and millions more are at risk for not achieving their developmental potential. Although there is a global movement to change this, driven by children’s rights, progress is slow and impeded by political considerations. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, a global comprehensive commitment to children’s rights ratified by all countries in the world except the United States (because of concerns about impingement on sovereignty and parental authority), has a special General Comment on “Implementing Child Rights in Early Childhood.” More recently, the World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund have launched the Nurturing Care Framework for Early Childhood Development (ECD), which calls for public policies that promote nurturing care interventions and addresses 5 interrelated components that are necessary for optimal ECD. This move is also complemented by the Human Capital Project of the World Bank, providing a focus on the need for investments in child health and nutrition and their long-term benefits. In this article, we outline children’s rights under international law, the underlying scientific evidence supporting attention to ECD, and the philosophy of nurturing care that ensures that children’s rights are respected, protected, and fulfilled. We also provide pediatricians anywhere with the policy and rights-based frameworks that are essential for them to care for and advocate for children and families to ensure optimal developmental, health, and socioemotional outcomes. These recommendations do not necessarily reflect American Academy of Pediatrics policy.
Geoid heights in Costa Rica, Case of Study: Baseline Along the Central Pacific Zone
Authors: Vega Fernádez Alonso , Lücke Castro Oscar , Garbanzo Leon Jaime
Published: November 2019

A precise orthometric height (H) and orthometric height difference (ΔH) determination is required in many fields like construction, geodesy and geophysics. H is often obtained from an ellipsoidal height (h) and geoid height (N) of a geoid model (GM) because this computation does not have the spirit leveling restrictions on long distances. However, the H accuracy depends on the GM local area adaptation, and current global geoid models (GGMs) have not been yet evaluated for Costa Rica. Therefore, this paper aims to determine which GGM maintains a better fit with a GPS/levelling baseline that contains the gravity full spectrum. A 74 km baseline was measured using GPS, spirit leveling and gravity measurements to validate the N computed from EGM2008, EIGEN-6C4, GECO, EGM96, GGM05C and GOCO05C. First, an absolute N assessment was made, where geoid height from the GGMs (NGGM) were directly compared to the geometric geoid heights (Ngeo) obtained from GPS and spirit levelling. A bias fit (Nbias) of about 2 m was computed from this comparison for most GGMs with respect to the local vertical reference surface (W0). By subtracting the Nbias, a relative geoid height (ΔN) assessment was designed to compare the differences between GGM relative geoid height (ΔNGGM) and geometric relative geoid height (ΔNgeo) on segments along the baseline. The ΔN comparison shows that EGM2008, EIGEN-6C4 and GECO better represent the Costa Rican Central Pacific Coastal Zone and over long distances, ΔH can be computed with a decimeter to centimeter precision.
Brazilian native species as potential new sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents
Authors: Silveira S.M. , Cunha Jr. A. , Maraschin M. , Verruck S. , Secchi F.L. , Scheuermann G. , Prudencio E.S. , Fronza N. , Vieira C.R.W.
Published: November 2019

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts of 12 plant species growing in Brazil were determined. Antimicrobial activity against 12 food-related bacterial species was studied using the disc-diffusion, MIC, and MBC methods. Campomanesia eugenioides extract was the most active against the tested Gram-positive bacteria, whereas Parapiptadenia rigida bark extract presented the highest activity against the evaluated Gram-negative bacteria (MIC and MBC of 0.075 and 0.62 mg ml−1, respectively, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Those two extracts also presented high phenolic content and high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability. C. eugenioides extract presented high Fe2+ chelating capacity. The results of the present study demonstrate that, among the evaluated extracts, P. rigida bark and C. eugenioides, both Brazilian native species, presented the highest potential of application as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
Polyphenol contents of skin-contact fermented white wines
Authors: Bene Zs. , Kállay M.
Published: November 2019

Skin-contact fermented white wines, the so-called orange or qvevri wines, have been gaining international attention from winemakers, importers, sommeliers, consumers, and journalists over the last 10 years. Sommeliers are now regularly pairing orange wines with fine cuisine. This new culinary trend is part of a general move by the consumer wishing to respect the existence of traditions and innovation, combined with a growing interest in environmental awareness and healthy options. Orange wines are made from white grapes using ancient Georgian techniques. The essence of this method is the long skin-contact fermentation in amphorae without any chemicals or specific yeast. In our work, the polyphenol content of orange wines, in particular total polyphenol and catechin content, as well as colour intensity were measured to ensure safe winemaking technology without oxidized components.
Novel identification methods including a species-specific PCR for hazardous Bacillus species
Authors: Solichová K. , Němečková I. , Šviráková E. , Horáčková Š.
Published: November 2019

Fifteen strains of Bacillus spp. (three B. cereus strains, one B. subtilis, B. macerans, B. pumilus, and B. mycoides strains, and eight unknown isolates from the food-industry) were identified on species level with three designed pairs of primers for B. cereus, B. licheniformis, and B. subtilis. Primers designed for B. licheniformis (BlichF and BlichR) and B. subtilis (BsubF and BsubR) allowed specific species identification, whereas the designed pair of primers for B. cereus (BcerF2 and BcerR2) showed specificity for B. cereus sensu lato, because both B. cereus strains and B. mycoides gave positive reaction. Bacilli identification was also carried out with routine API method with unsatisfactory results. The (GTG)5-PCR method was used for strain characterization, enabling bacilli classification into separate clusters according to their taxonomic designations.
A Ménière-betegség tüneteinek jellegzetességei és a multidiszciplináris megközelítés
Authors: Molnár András , Maihoub Stefani , Fent Zoltán , Tamás László , Szirmai Ágnes
Published: November 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: Ménière’s disease (MD) is a disorder that affects the inner ear, characterized by vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss and vegetative symptoms. One of the main points of the management of the patients is the analysis of the vertigo diaries. Aim: To identify the typical characteristics of the symptoms and to highlight the importance of multidisciplinary approach. Material and method: 58 (12 male and 46 females, mean age 56.97 ± 10.45 SD) definite MD patients were enrolled in this investigation. The vertigo diaries filled out by the patients were analysed. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS V24 software. Since the parameters did not show normal distribution, non parametric test (Mann–Whitney U test) was used. Results: Based on the diaries, the most tormenting symptom is vertigo (mean power: 5.38 ± 2.06 SD), the second one is tinnitus (4.54 ± 2.81 SD), and last one is headache (2.77 ± 3.1 SD). Despite the frequent prevalence of associated headache, vestibular migraine could be ruled out in all of the cases. Another important outcome was that the attacks associated with headache were significantly stronger (p = 0.001). In the case of the vegetative symptoms, the association was even much stronger (p<0.01). According to the narrative analysis, the most frequent provocation factors of the attacks were the cold front and stress. Conclusion: Along with the treatment of vertigo, the management of the associated symptoms (headache, vegetative symptoms) is also of great importance. Monitoring the quality of life and psychiatric disorders suggests the importance of multidisciplinary approach. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(48): 1915–1920.
Trust, self-efficacy, and leadership perception
Authors: Villarreal Coindreau Marcelo José , Llanos Reynoso Luis Felipe Miguel
Published: November 2019

This research study examines the extent to which hierarchical superiors are admired as leaders, and their viewpoints and decisions accepted, based on their direct support and influence on their subordinates’ self-concept and sense of personal efficacy. To this purpose, a 25-item inventory was designed and filled in paper by 157 participants from 26 companies. Once the statistical behavior of the items was tested, it was found, through lineal regression and correlation analyses, that superiors are better accepted and admired as leaders, when they display trust in the capabilities of their subordinates, contribute to improve their self-efficacy, and support them in their duties. On the other hand, it was also found that considering the subordinates’ skills and interests, when assigning tasks and challenges, was highly correlated with self-efficacy improvement These findings are consistent with previous research. However, it will be important to validate them in future studies.RESUMENEsta investigación examina la admiración hacia los superiores jerárquicos como líderes, así como la aceptación de sus puntos de vista y decisiones, a partir de su apoyo directo y de su influencia en el autoconcepto y sentido de eficacia personal de los colaboradores. Para este propósito, se elaboró un inventario de 25 reactivos que fue contestado en papel por 157 participantes de 26 empresas. Tras verificar el comportamiento estadístico de los reactivos, se identificó mediante análisis correlacionales y de regresión, que los superiores jerárquicos son más aceptados y admirados como líderes cuando demuestran confianza en las capacidades de sus colaboradores y contribuyen a mejorar su autoeficacia, además de apoyarlos en el trabajo.  Por otra parte, el aprovechamiento de las habilidades e intereses de los colaboradores está altamente correlacionado con la mejora de su autoeficacia. Estos resultados son consistentes con la literatura, pero será importante verificarlos en estudios posteriores.RESUMOEsta pesquisa examina os superiores admiração como líderes e aceitação de seus pontos de vista e decisões do seu suporte direto e sua influência sobre o auto-conceito e senso de eficácia pessoal dos funcionários. Para tanto, um inventário de 25 itens foi elaborado e respondido em papel por 157 participantes de 26 empresas. Depois de verificar o comportamento estatístico dos reagentes, identificadas pela análise de correlação e regressão, os superiores são mais aceito e admirado como líderes quando eles mostram confiança nas habilidades de seus funcionários e ajudar a melhorar a sua auto-eficácia, bem como apoiá-los na trabalhar Por outro lado, o uso das habilidades e interesses dos colaboradores está altamente correlacionado com a melhora de sua autoeficácia. Estes resultados são consistentes com a literatura, mas será importante verificá-los em estudos posteriores.
Reseña del libro Diccionario de la corrupción
Authors: Vázquez-Miraz Pedro
Published: November 2019

Reseña de libro
Poverty and the Poor Approach to mythical Mapuche narrative texts for an intercultural dialogue on development/La Pobreza y el Pobre. Acercamiento a textos míticos narrativos mapuche para un diálogo intercultural sobre el desarrollo
Authors: Villar Olaeta Francisco Javier
Published: November 2019

ResumenEl artículo muestra una investigación, desde un enfoque   científico religioso- que se basa en el paradigma mítico religioso y la hermenéutica narrativa, de naturaleza cualitativa y fenomenológica, de  textos narrativos míticos  y crónicas  para indagar sobre una visión de la pobreza y de los pobres desde el pueblo mapuche, en Chile. La Investigación tuvo como objetivos en primer lugar identificar la figura del pobre en relatos míticos  y en otros cuentos de la narrativa tradicional mapuche así como en crónicas actuales que nos acerquen a una comprensión de lo que es la pobreza para el mundo mapuche. Y en segundo lugar compararla  con la reflexión crítica social actual sobre el pobre y la pobreza para encontrar confluencias y diferencias en pos de un diálogo  reflexivo y propositivo de carácter intercultural  que incorpore la dimensión mítico religiosa en la comprensión en Chile de la pobreza y el pobre. Sus resultados, en torno al reforzamiento de conceptos como amistad, dignidad, reconocimiento, riqueza, solidaridad, familia y sociedad entre otros así como la visibilización de la dimensión espiritual religiosa como parte de la comprensión de este fenómeno social  a nuestro entender, critican y enriquecen, desde un carácter interdisciplinario, la visión sobre el desarrollo que actualmente se tiene en Chile.
Teacher´s role in the meaningful learning achievement based on ICT
Authors: Gómez Vahos Luz Estela , Muriel Muñoz Luz Enid , Londoño-Vásquez David Alberto
Published: November 2019

En este artículo se analizan el papel del docente que busca en los estudiantes el desarrollo de competencias, como las formuladas por la didáctica crítica para el desarrollo de los conocimientos, habilidades y valores, las cuales se deben apoyar en el buen uso de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación, para así facilitar un aprendizaje que le sea significativo y útil en su contexto familiar, social y laboral; de igual forma, invita a la discusión sobre como desde las prácticas educativas se accede a la construcción del conocimiento de una forma crítica, argumentativa, propositiva  y comunicativa,  donde los intereses de cada sujeto que interviene en el proceso educativo, se centra en el aprendizaje.  Asimismo, se expone el papel del docente en el desarrollo del aprendizaje significativo con el acercamiento al conocimiento que permiten hoy los medios de comunicación y de información, con la cual se pretende afianzar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje desde los intereses, necesidades y oportunidades que presenta el contexto.
Antimicrobial activity and toxicity profile of selected southern African medicinal plants against neglected gut pathogens
Authors: Shirinda Hlambani , Leonard Carmen , Candy Geoffrey , Van Vuuren Sandy
Published: November 2019

Anaerobes outnumber aerobic bacteria in the human gut. The most commonly isolated microorganisms in intra-abdominal infections include Escherichia coli, Peptostreptococcus micros as well as Bacteroides and Clostridium species. Several studies have been undertaken on southern African medicinal plant species and their antimicrobial efficacy against pathogens such as E. coli that cause stomach ailments. However, pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, Fusobacterium varium as well as others have been neglected in medicinal plant antimicrobial research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of selected medicinal plants documented for stomach ailments against neglected gut pathogens. A total of 102 aqueous and organic extracts were prepared from 40 different plant species. These plant samples were screened for antimicrobial efficacy against eight anaerobes and two microaerophilic strains using the micro-dilution antimicrobial assay. Plant extracts that displayed noteworthy antimicrobial activity against Clostridium perfringens were further evaluated for antibiofilm activity using the crystal violet staining assay. The toxicity profiles of plants that displayed noteworthy antimicrobial activity were evaluated using the brine shrimp lethality assay which revealed that most of the tested plant samples were non-toxic in nature, and the aqueous extracts proved to be safer. The organic extract of Lippia javanica leaf showed the best antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5 μg/mL against C. perfringens. The organic extract of Salvia africana-caerulea displayed the best antibiofilm activity overall, at cell attachment (4 h) biofilm developmental stage with inhibition percentages of 82.8%.
Significance:

L. javanica and Gunnera perpensa demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5 μg/mL and 2.0 μg/mL against C. perfringens, respectively.
Salvia africana-caerulea was the most effective plant species demonstrating biofilm attachment.
Lowest toxic effects were observed for the organic extracts of Aloe marlothii, A. tenuior, Bridelia cathartica, G. perpensa leaf and the aqueous extracts of G. perpensa (leaf and rhizome).
This study demonstrates, for the first time, both antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities for most of these plant species against neglected anaerobes.
Noteworthy antimicrobial activities in many cases validate traditional use and safety.
Globalization and Modern Slavery
Authors: Landman Todd , Silverman Bernard W.
Published: November 2019

This article presents a cross-national comparative analysis of the relationship between different dimensions of globalization and modern slavery. It argues that both the economic and political dimensions of globalization are strongly associated with lower levels of slavery prevalence. Recent estimates suggest there are more than 40 million people in some form of slavery and the United Nations has committed the world to ending this problem by 2030. Some argue that a race to the bottom, and the structure of economic incentives associated with globalization have contributed to the problem of modern slavery. Others argue that increased openness and the diffusion of values, the spread of democratic forms of rule, and the advance of human rights that come with globalization limit modern slavery. This article presents a preliminary empirical analysis of these arguments using data on slavery prevalence across more than 60 countries and various measures of economic and political globalization. The analysis shows that economic measures of globalization and higher levels of democracy are significantly related to lower levels of slavery prevalence, even after controlling for armed conflict and regional differentiation. In order to support these findings, the article examines the international law on slavery, definitions and conceptions of modern slavery, and comparative data on slavery prevalence modeled across indicators of economic and political globalization. It concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for the trade-offs between globalization and modern slavery.
Designing Democratic Constitutions: The Search for Optimality
Authors: Ganghof Steffen
Published: November 2019

This article analyses salient trade-offs in the design of democracy. It grounds this analysis in a distinction between two basic models of democracy: simple and complex majoritarianism. These models differ not only in their electoral and party systems, but also in the style of coalition-building. Simple majoritarianism concentrates executive power in a single majority party; complex majoritarianism envisions the formation of shifting, issue-specific coalitions among multiple parties whose programs differ across multiple conflict dimensions. The latter pattern of coalition formation is very difficult to create and sustain under pure parliamentary government. A separation of powers between executive and legislature can facilitate such a pattern, while also achieving central goals of simple majoritarianism: identifiable cabinet alternatives before the election and stable cabinets afterward. The separation of powers can thus balance simple and complex majoritarianism in ways that are unavailable under parliamentarism. The article also compares the presidential and semi-parliamentary versions of the separation of powers. It argues that the latter has important advantages, e.g., when it comes to resolving inter-branch deadlock, as it avoids the concentration of executive power in a single human being.
Quasi-periodic Geometry for Architectural Acoustics
Authors: Ajlouni Rima
Published: November 2019

The discovery of quasi-periodic atomic order in the crystalline state has uncovered an exciting new class of symmetries that has never been explored before. Because of their non-periodic translational order and self-similar properties, quasi-periodic structures offer unique opportunities for investigating questions related to their acoustical behavior. Their unique long-range non-periodic formations have the ability to diffuse and orchestrate the flow of sound energy in many unique ways; offering intriguing potential for innovating a new wave of optimized sound diffusers. One key limitation with available periodic diffusers is that their repeating logic creates repetitive energy loops, which significantly reduce their ability to uniformly disperse sound energy. Quasi-periodic geometry can mitigate such limitation. By encapsulating an infinite variety of distinct profiles in all directions, quasi-periodic surfaces can eliminate the formation of bundled or looped reflections; considerably enhancing the ability of the diffuser to uniformly disperse sound energy. To investigate this hypothesis, an experimental approach is used to simulate sound reflection patterns of the quasi-periodic surface profiles using a ray tracing method. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are used to interpret the simulated results. The international Standards (ISO) metrics are used to validate the proposed approach and verify the results. Results show that the diffusion quality of the tested quasi-periodic surface is superior to the diffusion performance of the tested periodic surface.
Ortaya Çıkan Modelleme Yaklaşımıyla Kavramlaştırma Süreci: Sembolleştirme Örneği
Authors: TURAL SÖNMEZ Melike
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmada üçüncü
sınıf öğrencisinin ortaya çıkan modelleme yaklaşımı ile matematiksel sembolleri
kullanma süreci ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Ön uygulama yapılmış, adından
belirli amaca göre üçüncü sınıf öğrencisi katılımcı olarak seçilmiştir.
Araştırma fenemolojik durum çalışması niteliğindedir. Uygulanan etkinlikler bir
öğrenci ile dört ay aralıkla uygulanan model oluşturma ve model adaptasyon
etkinliklerinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları modelleme
sürecinde alınan ses kayıtlarından ve dokümanlardan, araştırmacı gözlem
notlarından, öğrenci ve öğrenci velisiyle yapılan görüşmenin ses kaydından ve dokümanlardan
oluşmaktadır. Öğrencinin matematiksel modelleme sürecindeki performansı ele
alındığında bireyin deneyimi nedir? sorusuna cevap aranmıştır ve ortaya çıkan
modelleme perspektifinde ele alınan ‘model
of’ ve ‘model for’ döngüsü içinde
yorumlanmıştır.  Yapılan analizler
sonucunda model oluşturma ve model adaptasyon etkinliklerinde öğrencinin
standart ve standart olmayan ölçüm birimleri ile yaptığı ölçümler sonunda
gruplamalar oluşturduğu ve bu gruplandırmaların öğrenciyi parantez kullanmaya
yönelttiğini göstermektedir. Çalışmada öğrencinin standart ve standart olmayan
ölçme birimlerini kullanması ve bunu diğer matematiksel kavramlarla
ilişkilendirilmesi sosyokültürel perspektifle açıklanmıştır.
Modified mattress sutures vs running sutures in uterine closure: which is better?
Authors: Shah Swar S. , Shah Jayneel V. , Valia Shivani A. , Patel Uday J.
Published: November 2019

Background: Conventional closure of uterus has been known to bear risk of scar dehiscence and scar rupture in subsequent pregnancies and thus, a study was conducted to compare the outcome of uterine closure with modified mattress manner and running manner and to establish a better method of uterine closure during caesarean section. Objective was to compare the conventional single layer running sutures and single layer modified mattress sutures for closure of uterus in caesarean section and find out which method is superior.Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out in Dhiraj Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Vadodara. 60 pregnant women in the study criteria were equally divided randomly into 2 groups. Uterine closure was done in single layered sutures, one by running sutures and other group by modified mattress sutures.Results: Uterine scar thickness on 8th day and 6 months post-operatively was significantly more in single layered suturing by modified mattress suture compared to running suture (p <0.05).Conclusions: Uterine closure by single layered modified mattress suture is better in comparison to conventional single layer running suture.
Clinical patterns and outcome of acute poisoning at a tertiary care hospital in coastal Karnataka, India
Authors: Aroor Akshatha Rao , Saya Rama Prakasha Bhat , Suresh Sucharitha
Published: November 2019

Background: Periodic epidemiological studies are necessary to analyse the patterns of poisoning in each region. The aim of this study was to characterise the acute poisoning cases admitted to a tertiary care centre in coastal Karnataka.Methods: All the adult patients admitted to the emergency department of the hospital during the past five years were included. Data was obtained from the hospital medical records and included socio-demographic characteristics, causative agents, mode of poisoning, route of poisoning, time of arrival to the hospital and factors determining mortality.Results: Of the 169 patients admitted with acute poisoning, majority belonged to young age group (46.7%) and were females (50.9%). Poisoning was more common among the, married population (59.2%) and literates (62.7%). Clustering of cases were found during summer (36.7%) and monsoon (35.5%). Ingestion was the commonest route (98.2%) and the intention was suicidal (82.2%) in majority of the patients. Drug overdose (49.1%) was the commonest agent followed by pesticides (14.8%) and rodenticides (12.4%). Acetaminophen and antipsychotic drugs were the commonly used drugs. Psychiatric illness was found in a significant number of patients (37.9%). The most common symptom was nausea and vomiting (40.2%). Mortality was seen in 7.7% of the patients. Factors contributing to mortality were male gender, intake of pesticides, renal failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).Conclusions: There is an increase in the number of cases abusing drugs and medications. There is an urgent need to address the susceptive young population and patients with underlying psychiatric illness to reduce the number of poisoning cases in this region.
Repeatability estimation for mangaba selection using mixed models
Authors: Pinheiro Diogo Santos , Cabral Maia Maria Clideana , Pinto Mousinho Francisco Edinaldo , De Oliveira Luís Cláudio , Silva Rosado Renato Domiciano , Yokomizo Gilberto Ken-Iti
Published: November 2019

The Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a fruit tree rich in such essential vitamins as iron, calcium and protein, and plays an important social, cultural and economic role for farmers in the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes of Brazil. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and genetic gains in the agrotechnological attributes of a breeding population of the mangaba from Embrapa Meio Norte. The variables under analysis were: fruit weight (FW, g), fruit length (FL, mm), fruit diameter (FD, mm), skin weight (SW, g), number of seeds per fruit (NSF,nondimensional), seed weight (SW, g), total soluble solids (TSS,ºBrix), total titratable acidity (TTA,%), TSS/TTA ratio, pulp weight (PW, g) and percentage pulp (%Pulp, percentage). The data were analysed using the REML/BLUP procedure of the Selegen software. High and intermediate estimates of the components of repeatability were found for the variables of the population under study. It can therefore be inferred that these variables can be used in genetic studies, with a view to an increase in the efficiency of the selection process and to a progressive advance in the breeding population of this important native species. As such, taking repeatability as the limit to be assumed for heritability, the values obtained can be considered satisfactory in terms of genetic progress, showing good reliability for the phenotypic value as an indicator of genotypic value and significant repeatability of the expression of the evaluated trait. Genetic gains were seen for genotypes 6 and 12, considering the silmultaneous selection of eight highlighted genotypes based on the most important attributes of the improvement program, and which can contribute to the productive sector.
Application of islamic business ethics in online selling and buying transaction
Authors: Nabila Rifda
Published: November 2019

Basically, there are many things can affect Customer Satisfaction, one of which is the application of business ethics. In Islam, buying and selling transactions are something permissible as long as the conditions in accordance with Islamic Shari'a can be fulfilled. Islamic Business Ethics guarantees business people, both of business people, business partners, and consumers will benefit from each other in a particular business transaction. This study aims to analyze the influence between the variables of Islamic Business Ethics on the Customer Satisfaction variable, and (2) the influence of the Customer Satisfaction variable towards the Word of Mouth variable. The sample of this study is 200 respondents. The data analysis technique used Partial Least Square (PLS). Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the Islamic Business Ethics Variable consisting of Free Will and Benevolence has a positive influence on Customer Satisfaction and the Customer Satisfaction variable has a positive influence on Word of Mouth. While the Unity, Equilibrium, and Responsibility variables do not affect Customer Satisfaction.
Attaching a spin to a protein -- site-directed spin labeling in structural biology.
Authors: Czogalla Aleksander , Pieciul Aldona , Jezierski Adam , Sikorski Aleksander F
Published: November 2019

Site-directed spin labeling and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy have recently experienced an outburst of multiple applications in protein science. Numerous interesting strategies have been introduced for determining the structure of proteins and its conformational changes at the level of the backbone fold. Moreover, considerable technical development in the field makes the technique an attractive approach for the study of structure and dynamics of membrane proteins and large biological complexes at physiological conditions. This review focuses on a brief description of site-directed spin labeling-derived techniques in the context of their recent applications.