bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clove Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation and Utilization of Clove Buds Waste as Potential Candidate for Eco-Friendly Packaging
Authors: Ratri Paramita Jaya , Ayurini Meri , Khumaini Khabib , Rohbiya Azka
Published: August 2020

As a tropical country which has abundant of spices, Indonesia is challenged to increase the economic values of spices commodity in raw material form (wet or dry). One way to raise the economic values of these commodities is by modifying into its derivatives. Clove is one of spices commodity which can be processed furthermore into an essential oil. By transforming clove from raw material to essential oil, the economic value increases from 2 to 20 times per kilogram.  In this present research, the extraction time of clove oil using steam hydro distillation is reported. The distillation procedure was conducted in various times, that was in 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours. Furthermore, the clove oil sample that obtained from optimum extraction time was characterized using FTIR and GCMS. Then the result was compared to the commercial clove oil (100 % of purity). In support of sustainability process, then the clove buds waste from steam distillation were challenging to be one of eco-friendly packaging candidates. Two compositions of waste and additional material have been investigated in this study. It found that the best composition was composed of clove buds waste powder: recycled paper (7:3). During the casting process, some additives material was added such as tapioca (20%) and chitosan (1 %) in acid solution in order to improve its mechanical properties. Furthermore, thermal degradability of the eco-friendly packaging was studied. It was started to degrade at 286.58oC. According to this research, the cloves buds’ cardboard was quite potential to be developed as commercial eco-friendly packaging.
The importance of information upon applying IFRS in financial entities that trade at the Colombian stock market
Authors: Laverde Sarmiento Miguel Angel , Garcia Carrillo Jorge Fernando , Lezama Palomino Juan Carlos , Patiño Jacinto Alejandra
Published: August 2020

The aim of this research is to determine whether the implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the companies of the financial sector listed on the Colombian Stock Exchange has greater relevance compared to the previous accounting regulatory framework known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in Colombia, for the years 2009 to 2016. Taking into account the concept of valorative relevance that indicates that the accounting information is relevant if it affects the stock price reflected in the capital market exchange. To determine this relationship, an adaptation of the model proposed by Ohlson (1995) is used, because it is the most frequently used to measure relevance. The modifications made to the model were to include accounting variables of financial instruments of assets and liabilities to better measure the impact of the IFRS. On a general level, the conclusion is reached that the valorative relevance of financial companies listed on the stock exchange between 2009 and 2016, does not change due to the application of the IFRS. The results are because the regulation that financial companies that are listed on the stock exchange of Colombia are subject to has contributed to the relevance being maintained before and after the application of the new regulatory framework. however, when carrying out the study of the information taking into account only the variables and taking into account the regulations under the IFRS, they present a greater degree of significance.
Configuración biopolítica de las necesidades del campesino Colombiano en los años noventa
Authors: Di Giorgi Fonseca Luz Helena
Published: August 2020

El contexto rural colombiano, en los años noventa, se configuró, a partir de un discurso de desarrollo que desconoció y estigmatizó a la población campesina. En este sentido, “el trabajador agrario”, tal y como lo considera la Constitución Política de 1991, no refiere a la realidad específica de las comunidades campesinas, sino a un “pequeño productor”, que como lo indica el Informe de Desarrollo Humano de 2011, representa a individuo con un rol secundario, que con asistencia crediticia y técnica puede ponerse a nivel, pero solo como productor de mediana escala. El presente artículo de reflexión tiene por objetivo analizar los efectos biopolíticos que ha tenido la visión política del desarrollo implementada en el campo colombiano, en esta época, haciendo énfasis en la forma como se han establecido las necesidades para esta población.
Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: MacIver S. , MacDonald D. , Prokopich C. Lisa
Published: August 2020

Glaucoma is the most common form of irreversible blindness in the world, and second only to cataract among all causes of blindness. There is still no universally agreed-upon definition of glaucoma, and as such, it remains a condition for which there are differing views on the classification of individuals within the continuum of suspicion through diagnosis. Regardless, there appears to be consensus that glaucoma refers to a group of diseases that manifest as a characteristic progressive optic neuropathy and retinal ganglion cell loss that eventually leads to a permanent loss of visual field.

Glaucoma is a major public health issue because individuals are typically asymptomatic until end stages of the disease when the associated vision loss is significant and irreversible. Studies have shown that the prevalence of undetected glaucoma is as high as 50% even in high income areas including North America and Australia, increasing to 90% in middle and low income areas such as Asia and Africa. This is at least in part a result of inadequate screening tools and strategies to detect this asymptomatic disease: without more individuals accessing routine eye examinations, glaucoma will continue to go undetected.

Vision loss from glaucoma imposes significant societal and economic burdens that increase with disease severity: the direct costs of vision loss from glaucoma exceed $300 million annually in Canada, and approach $2 billion across North America.
Effet de la thérapie visuelle sur les mesures de la fonction oculomotrice chez les patients atteints du syndrome de post-commotion
Authors: Rollett Paul , Morandi Garrett
Published: August 2020

La dysfonction oculomotrice est un symptôme courant du syndrome de post-commotion (SPC). Dans cette étude, on a étudié rétrospectivement l’efficacité de la thérapie visuelle (TV) pour le traitement des symptômes liés au SPC par rapport au système visuel. Dans l’ensemble, 56 patients ont été sélectionnés, qui présentaient tous une déficience sur le plan clinique d’au moins une mesure du fonctionnement oculomoteur. Les activités liées à la TV étaient grandement variées et établies au cas par cas, mais elles visaient toutes à améliorer l’une des cinq principales fonctions visuelles. À la suite de la TV, tous les patients ont démontré des améliorations statistiquement ou cliniquement significatives, comme définies par l’utilisation des normes de Morgan, dans au moins une mesure du fonctionnement oculomoteur lié au SPC. En général, les améliorations les plus importantes des mesures du fonctionnement oculomoteur concernaient le point de convergence proche, la flexibilité de vergence et la flexibilité d’accommodation. Les patients qui ont suivi 20 séances de TV avaient de meilleurs résultats (aussi moins variables) que ceux qui ont suivi entre 5 et 10 séances. De plus, la TV a diminué les symptômes d’inconfort visuel chez les patients qui présentaient un SPC. Les résultats de cette analyse rétrospective démontrent des améliorations importantes dans les résultats mesurés pour tous les patients qui ont suivi une TV et appuient la TV comme option de traitement pour les symptômes du SPC.
Guide de pratique clinique 2020 de l’ACO : Réadaptation optométrique de la basse vision Sommaire
Authors: Leat Susan J.
Published: August 2020

Le Guide de pratique clinique en basse vision a pour but d’aider les optométristes canadiens à fournir des soins optimaux de réadaptation aux patients atteints de déficience visuelle. Le Guide de pratique est fondé sur les meilleures données probantes disponibles, interprétées par un groupe d’experts. Le groupe de rédaction est composé d’optométristes du milieu universitaire et de la pratique privée, représentant diverses régions du Canada. Le Guide de pratique aidera les optométristes à identifier les patients qui ont besoin d’une réadaptation de la basse vision. Il recommande une évaluation et une prise en charge appropriées.
Case Report: Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Kwon Hyukjin , MacIver Sarah
Published: August 2020

Purpose: To report on posterior ischemic optic neuropathies, a vascular disorder that happens in the posterior part of the optic nerve and therefore, usually does not present with optic disc edema.

Case Report: This is a case report on a posterior ischemic optic neuropathy with an uncharacteristic presentation. It highlights the importance of understanding the different pathophysiology of PION vs anterior ischemic optic neuropathies in order to help differentiate the two clinically and includes a literature review of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
Mid-peripheral corneal steepening after orthokeratology
Authors: OUZZANI Mhamed , Wright Catherine Johanna , Sorbara Luigina
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively examine data from patients who had undergone orthokeratology (OK) to quantify the amount of mid-perpheral steeping in tangential curvature (MP-TC) and total refractive power (TRP) changes.

Methods:

Charts were reviewed from participants and data from the Pentacam instrument were collected prior to OK and after the final visit. Variables included central flattening (C-TC), the e-value, the mid-peripheral tangential curvatures (MP-TC), total corneal refractive power (TRP), the initial Rx (sphere) and initial corneal curvature (flat K). The group was further subdivided into high and low myopia for comparison. All participants were fitted with the Paragon CRT lenses. Data analysis was conducted to analyse the effects of lenses on TC and TRP.

Results:

A total of 40 patients (80 eyes) age13.95±6.80, 34 M and 46 F, were successfully fitted with CRT lenses. The average sphere was -4.23±0.90D for Group 1 and -1.89±0.62D for Group 2 The changes in TC and TRP from baseline were significant (both P<0.0001). The difference between the amount of C-TC and the maximum area of MPTC was ≈4.00D in the horizontal meridian and ≈3.00 in the veritcal meridian. The amount of MP-TC change from baseline was ≈2.00D in both meridians. There was a similar change in TRP: the distance from the centre to mid-periphery ≈2.50D. For C-TC, C-TRP, MP-TC, MP-TRP there was no significant difference between the 2 groups, overall (P=0.541 (TC) and P=0.321(TRP)).

Conclusion:

Results from this study should provide valuable insights into the topographic and refractive changes occurring with orthokeratology.
Comment avoir des conversations difficiles avec vos patients
Authors: Pankhurst Kaia
Published: August 2020

Comme tout professionnel de la santé, les optométristes doivent parfois aborder des sujets difficiles avec leurs patients. Qu’il s’agisse d’un diagnostic effrayant, d’une garantie de monture expirée ou même de mauvaises nouvelles au sujet de la couverture d’assurance, ces conversations sont un élément indissociable de leur travail.

Ni le patient ni le praticien ne se réjouit d’avoir ce genre de discussions, mais les occulter ne constitue pas une option. La meilleure chose à faire est d’aborder les sujets difficiles avec compassion, élégance et clarté.

Voici quelques stratégies que vous pouvez employer lorsque vous avez des conversations difficiles avec vos patients.
Principle of Neural Network and Its Main Types: Review
Authors: Abdel-Nasser Sharkawy
Published: August 2020

In this paper, an overview of the artificial neural networks is presented. Their main and popular types such as the multilayer feedforward neural network (MLFFNN), the recurrent neural network (RNN), and the radial basis function (RBF) are investigated. Furthermore, the main advantages and disadvantages of each type are included as well as the training process.
Routes of Transmission 2019-nCoV and Optometry Practice
Authors:   Department of Optometry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab-140413, India, Kumar Raj
Published: August 2020

A novel β-coronavirus (2019 novel coronavirus) affected severe as well to uniform fetal pneumonia, traveled through a seafood bazaar of Wuhan town, Hubei region, China, also quickly extent toward excess boonies of China and more nations. The 2019-nCoV existed dissimilar after SARS-CoV, then cooperative the similar crowd receptor the social ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme2). The regular crowd of 2019 novel coronavirus could conventional continue bat Rhinolophusaffin is a 2019 novel coronavirus presented 96.2% of entire-genome character toward BatCoV RaTG13. The person-to-person spread methods of 2019-nCoV involved tool, identical cough, sneeze droplet inhalation transmission, and obtain in-tuned with transmission, just like the interaction by way of oral, nasal, as well as eye mucous films. 2019-nCoV container too exist spread over the saliva, also thus the fetal–oral ways similarly can remain a possible person-to-person spread mode. The observers now optometry run through representation just before the incredible danger of 2019- nCoV contagion because of the face-to-face announcement too thus the expose en route for tears, plasma, plus additional body liquids, besides therefore the diagnostic and treatment of apparatuses. Eye care professional perform inordinate heroes in stopping the spread of 2019-nCoV. At this time we indorse the contagion control actions all through optometry exercise just before block the person-to-person spread ways in eye care health center as well as hospitals.
Applications of Machine Learning in Cardiac Electrophysiology
Authors: Muthalaly Rahul G ,   Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia, Evans Robert M ,   Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
Published: August 2020

Artificial intelligence through machine learning (ML) methods is becoming prevalent throughout the world, with increasing adoption in healthcare. Improvements in technology have allowed early applications of machine learning to assist physician efficiency and diagnostic accuracy. In electrophysiology, ML has applications for use in every stage of patient care. However, its use is still in infancy. This article will introduce the potential of ML, before discussing the concept of big data and its pitfalls. The authors review some common ML methods including supervised and unsupervised learning, then examine applications in cardiac electrophysiology. This will focus on surface electrocardiography, intracardiac mapping and cardiac implantable electronic devices. Finally, the article concludes with an overview of how ML may impact on electrophysiology in the future.
Cryoballoon Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Octogenarians
Authors: Akhtar Tauseef ,   Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US, Berger Ronald ,   Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US, Marine Joseph E ,   Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US, Daimee Usama A ,   Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US, Calkins Hugh ,   Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US, Spragg David ,   Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
Published: August 2020

A significant proportion of AF patients with advanced age are being treated in clinical practice. Cryoballoon ablation of AF, given its shorter procedure time and comparable efficacy to radiofrequency ablation, has rapidly become a commonly used tool for AF ablation. Data regarding the outcomes of cryoballoon ablation of AF in octogenarians are limited because of the exclusion of this age group in the previous studies. The authors report outcomes of 15 octogenarian AF patients undergoing index cryoballoon ablation at a single centre. The mean age of the included patients was 83 ± 3 years. In total, 13 patients (87%) presented with paroxysmal AF, and two (13%) had long-standing persistent AF. At 6 and 12 months of follow-up, freedom from AF was 80% and 70%, respectively. None of the patients suffered any procedure-related complications. Cryoballoon ablation appears to be a safe and effective approach for treating symptomatic AF refractory to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in octogenarian patients, based on outcomes in this cohort. These findings require further validation in prospective randomised studies with larger sample sizes.
The Role of Nocturnal Blood Pressure and Sleep Quality in Hypertension Management
Authors: Cappuccio Francesco P
Published: August 2020

The accurate measurement, prediction and treatment of high blood pressure (BP) are essential to the management of hypertension and the prevention of its associated cardiovascular (CV) risks. However, even if BP is optimally controlled during the day, nocturnal high blood pressure may still increase the risk of CV events. The pattern of circadian rhythm of BP can be evaluated by ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Night-time ABPM is more closely associated with fatal and nonfatal CV events than daytime ambulatory BP. However, the use of ABPM is limited by low availability and the fact that it can cause sleep disturbance, therefore may not provide realistic nocturnal measurements. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) offers an inexpensive alternative to ABPM, is preferred by patients and provides a more realistic assessment of BP during an individual’s daily life. However, until recently, HBPM did not offer the possibility to measure nocturnal (sleep time) BP. The development and validation of new BP devices, such as the NightView (OMRON Healthcare, HEM9601T-E3) HBPM device, could overcome these limitations, offering the possibility of daytime and night-time BP measurements with minimal sleep disturbance.
Calibración de dos sensores capacitivos de humedad en un Ultisol
Authors: Jiménez Anabel De los Ángeles Calva , Almeida Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de , Santos Junior Jose Amilton , Santos Célia Silva dos
Published: August 2020

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron realizar la calibración y determinar las ecuaciones de calibración de dos sensores de humedad de suelo ECH2O para un suelo Ultisol colectado en el Municipio de Pesqueira-PE, localizado en el Semiárido Brasileño. El estudio se llevó a cabo en baldes plásticos de 5 litros implementados en ambiente protegido en la Universidad Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, donde se realizó el monitoreo diario de la humedad del suelo durante 51 días, desde la humedad de saturación hasta el secado natural. Los autores verificaron que los sensores ECH2O presentaron una respuesta exponencial a la variación de humedad de suelo obteniendo R2>0,97. Valoresde RMSE variaron de 0,065 a 0,012 m3 m-3 para el sensor 5TE y de 0,045 a 0,011 m3 m-3 para el EC-5. Los investigadores concluyeron que las ecuaciones de calibración obtenidas fueron más precisas que las ecuaciones de fábrica para ese tipo de suelo.
Modification of Charpy machine for the acquisition of stress-strain curve in thermoplastics
Authors: Zabala Gualtero Luis Miguel , Figueroa López Ulises , Guevara Morales Andrea , Rojo Valerio Alejandro
Published: August 2020

Simulations of impact events in the automotive industry are now common practice. Vehicle crashworthiness simulations on plastic components cover a wide range of strain rates from 0.01 to 500 s-1. Because plastics mechanical properties are very dependent on strain rate, developing experimental methods for generating stress-strain curves at this strain rate range is of great technological importance. In this paper, a modified Charpy machine capable of acquiring useful information to obtain the stress-strain curve is presented. Strain rates between 300 to 400 s-1 were achieved. Three thermoplastics were tested: high-density polyethylene, polypropylene-copolymer and polypropylene-homopolymer. Impact simulations using LS-DYNA were performed using the acquired high-strain rates stress-strain curves and compared with experimental data. Simulations using stress-strain curves from quasi-static tests were also performed for comparison. Very good agreement between the simulation and experimental results was found when the ASTM D1822 type S specimen was used for testing each material.
Synthesis and evaluation of nickel doped Co3O4 produced through hydrothermal technique
Authors: Cardenas Flechas Leydi Julieta , Raba Paéz Angela Mercedez , Rincon Joya Miryam
Published: August 2020

The synthesis of undoped cobalt oxide and cobalt oxide with 4%nickel doping is studied in samples obtained through hydrothermal technique. After the final heat treatment at 300°C, X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the formation of cobalt spinel oxide with a complete replacement of nickel in the lattice. An average crystallite size of ~42 nm and ~31nm was found, as well as a particle size of ~ 20 nm and ~30 nm for Co3O4 and Co3-xNixO4, respectively. Structural parameters were established through Rietveld refinement with a good correspondence between the simulated and the experimental pattern with values of x2 = 1.25 and GOF = 0.90 for Co3O4. The energy band gap was found through UV-Vis spectroscopy in two different regions: Eg1 and Eg2 values vary between 1.54 and 2.04eV for samples doped with nickel. The SEM results indicated the formation of nanostructures with semi-cubic shape and irregular rods. Parameters such as crystal size, particle size, surface area, as well as morphology of the final product depend on doping.
Physico-chemical characterization of clay mineral mixtures from Boyacá-Colombia
Authors: Supelano García Iván , Palacio Gómez Carlos Andrés , Mejía Gómez Julieth Alexandra , Parra Vargas Carlos Arturo
Published: August 2020

An adequate identification of physico-chemical properties of clay minerals is an important step to develop technological applications. In Colombia, a common issue is that the evaluation of raw materials with the preparation of the final product depend on empirical knowledge, it is common not to use any kind of technological tool to conduct any analysis. In contrast, the clay mixtures for this study were prepared and characterized by following a careful procedure to evaluate and control the qualities such as color of the final product. For this purpose, differential scanning calorimetry, magnetization, scanning electron microscopy, X-rays analysis, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy techniques were applied. It is possible to conclude that the implementation scientific techniques in the sector of clay minerals may serve as a powerful tool, since preparing samples in an empirical way have been proved to lead to different qualities in the final product.
Evaluation of the drying effect on some properties of cidra flour Sechium edule (Jacq) Sw
Authors: Pineda Vargas Angie Juliana , Mejía Doria Clara María , Duque Cifuentes Alba Lucia
Published: August 2020

Alternative flours from plant sources such as cidra, are options to reduce the use of wheat flour in the production of food products. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of drying on some technological functional properties of cidra flour. The sliced cidra was dried at 40°C, 50°C, 60°C using: combined drying hot air recirculation-microwave with pulses of 4/40 seconds and drying by hot air recirculation, then obtained the flour and evaluated the techno-functional properties: index of absorption of water, capacity of retention of oil and water, capacity of swelling and capacity foaming. It was observed that the techno-functional property most affected by the drying methods was the foaming capacity, possibly due to the greater denaturation of globular proteins. The cidra flour exhibits techno-functional properties of interest for the elaboration of different food products.
Nitrogen transformation stages into ammonia in broiler production: sources, deposition, transformation and emission to environment
Authors: Vilela Monique De Oliveira , Gates Richard Stephen , Souza Cecília De Fátima , Teles Junior Carlos Gutemberg de Souza , Sousa Fernanda Campos
Published: August 2020

Air quality is a major factor in intensive livestock management because air is the main vehicle for the dissemination of physical, chemical, and biological agents that affect the health and welfare of animals and humans. Ammonia is the main gaseous pollutant generated in poultry production. In this study, a literature review was conducted to highlight each nitrogen transformation stage during poultry production, while explaining the conversion mechanisms from the ingestion of crude protein to nitrogen volatilization into the atmosphere as ammonia gas. In summary, the steps for the synthesis of uric acid and the excretion of poultry, mineralization of nitrogen present in excreta, and volatilization of ammonia from litter are presented. Based on this review, the importance of understanding the sources and processes involved in ammonia generation and emission in poultry production is clear, thereby allowing the adoption of assertive measures that could minimize negative effects caused by ammonia emission.
Estimation of Safety Performance Functions (SPF) at signalized intersections in Medellín Colombia
Authors: Valencia-Alaix Víctor Gabriel , Restrepo Betancur Basilio , Lizarazo Jimenez Cristhian , Pineda Mendez Raul Andres
Published: August 2020

One of the objectives of road infrastructure sustainability is to ensure that users are treated equally and their quality of life is improved by providing better mobility and traffic safety. When designing roads, it is important to evaluate different design criteria alternatives - in this case, we look at traffic safety principles. For this, we used the Safety Performance Functions (SPF) tool to obtain the expected crash frequency. The data used were Medellín’s crash records from 2012 to 2016, as well as the geometric features and traffic conditions at signalized intersections. A negative binomial model was fitted to estimate the SPF. Exposure, geometry, and traffic volume were found to be statistically significant in determining the expected crash frequency for collisions where there was property damage only (PDO) and fatal or injury (FI). It was found that accidents were less likely on T-junctions compared to four-leg junctions, one-way approaches were found to be safer whereas right turns were found to increase collisions causing FI.
Optimization of the replacement time for critical repairable components
Authors: Vílchez Torres Mylena Karen , Oblitas Cruz Jimy Frank , Castro Silupu Wilson
Published: August 2020

Equipment-intensive industries must manage critical components due to their impact on the availability and high inventory carrying costs. In this context, this study seeks to assess mean times between interventions (MTBI) and mean times between failures (MTBF) to determine optimal replacement times for critical repairable components used in six EX5500 hydraulic excavators operating at an open-pit mining site. For these purposes, the authors compared a base policy using the MTBF values provided by the equipment manufacturer, against the proposed policy using the MTBI values obtained from equipment intervention records. The results from the study, revealed that the MTBI policy was able to streamline the replacement times for critical repairable components, thus, generating a cost optimization model at a higher level of reliability
Transmissibility of coffee fruit-peduncle-branch systems submitted to vibration induced by impact
Authors: Queiroz Gomes Ely , Santos Fábio Lúcio , Nascimento Moysés , Zanella Marco Antonio
Published: August 2020

The development of efficient machines for coffee harvesting requires solid knowledge about the dynamic behavior of the plant. Vibration transmissibility is a parameter on dynamic behavior that may help understand this process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the average vibration transmissibility in coffee fruit-peduncle-branch samples containing unripe and ripe fruits. The experiments were performed using Arabica coffee plants of the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho. The samples were submitted to three vibration frequency levels, 20, 30 and 40 Hz, induced to the branch with impact of rigid fiberglass rods moving at a constant amplitude 2 mm. Data on acceleration were collected using an accelerometer fixed to the branch. The frequency of 20 Hz presented the highest transmissibility. Samples containing ripe fruits also presented high transmissibility when compared to those containing unripe fruits.
A new gold-colored Lepanthes (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae) from Southeast Ecuador
Authors: Baquero Luis E. , Donoso T. Javier J. , Jiménez Marco M.
Published: August 2020

Lepanthes vere-aurum, a new species of the orchid subtribe Pleurothallidinae, discovered in Zamora Chinchipe province, southeast Ecuador, is described here. We compare L. vere-aurum to L. brenneri, the only similar species, from which it differs in having larger leaves and longer inflorescences. Also, L. vere-aurum has an obovate, concave, long-acuminate dorsal sepal and a concave appendix with a pubescent crest underneath and with a long, pubescent apex,versus a flat, triangular-ovate, acuminate dorsal sepal and a smaller appendix with a ciliate apex in L. brenneri. Some information about its phenology and ecology is additionally provided.

Key Words: Cordillera del Cóndor, endangered orchid, Epidendroideae, Lepanthes brenneri, new orchid species
Extremism as a Threat to National Security: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Authors: Inshakova Agnessa
Published: August 2020

The editor-in-chief paper is devoted to one of the most serious problems of Russia’s national security, extremist activities, which poses a real threat to the life of the state, encroaches on the constitutional rights and freedoms of Russian citizens, sovereign democracy and public order. It is noted that for the Russian Federation, as a multinational state, extremism is a particular danger, since it undermines the peaceful coexistence of various ethnic and social groups. When describing the relevance of the problem, the paper takes into account the features and relationship of extremism with the predicted negative consequences in the context of globalization of the world economic relations and information and technological development of society in the era of neoindustrialization. The author questions the stereotype that exists in the public consciousness, according to which the extremist organizations, movements, the propaganda of radical views and crimes of an extremist nature are, to a greater extent, already a historical phenomenon, which are characteristic, first of all, of the 90-ies of the XX century. It is argued that the problem under consideration “mutates” and takes on new guises in the conditions of modern reality. It is established that the new legal tools and mechanisms developed over the years are being added as a result of scientific and technological progress. Thus, in the conditions of the sixth technological paradigm, there appear new varieties of extremism, for example, cyberextremism. At the same time, cybersecurity serves as a binding condition for the successful development and operation of industry 4.0 technologies. Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis of the research conducted by the author, as well as taking into account the opinions of the scientists expressed in the main topic of the issue, it is concluded that in the era of the deepening processes of digital interdependence, the international organizations, both intergovernmental and non-governmental, as well as the scientists and practitioners dealing with the security issues should accumulate their efforts to expand digital cooperation in order to protect human rights and eliminate the threats of cyberextremism. The shared human values such as equality, privacy, dignity, freedom, inclusiveness, respect and sustainability should serve as a beacon for legal scholars in the digital age. Modern technologies bring great benefits to all mankind. Moreover, they help protect human rights, but these same technologies can and are already being used to infringe on human rights by both the states and the private sector.
Digital Technologies as a Factor in Reducing Corruption in the Judicial System
Authors: Miroshnichenko Olga , Filonenko Tatyana
Published: August 2020

Introduction: the authors discuss the topic of digitalization as potentially one of the most effective ways to fight against corruption in modern Russia. Various forms of information technology application are analyzed, including “egovernment”, “e-Parliament”, and “e-justice”. Pointing to the certainly positive side of this phenomenon, such as the impossibility of the use of private agreements in the decision-making process in favor of one side or another, etc., the authors note the shortcomings of the procedure of digitalization, such as, for example, the ability of a human judge to “let all the circumstances of the incident go through himself”, to very humanely evaluate the motives of the crime, the attitude of the perpetrator towards the offense, the possibility of socializing the specified person; and on this basis to determine a fair and reasonable form and amount of punishment. The purpose of the research: to reveal the importance of introducing modern information technologies in the work of all branches of government as one of the areas of anticorruption. Objectives: to reveal the content of the term “e-justice”, to consider the main trends in the research on the issues related to the proliferation of digital technologies in the administration of justice and to assess the adequacy of their magnitude to modern realities; to emphasize the question of practical implementation of information technology as an effective mechanism of the fight against corruption. Methods: system, structural and functional, analysis, synthesis, expert assessment. Results: the authors describe one of the trends of the modern interdisciplinary research, which is not sufficiently covered in the scientific literature, and is manifested in an attempt to see the novelty in the relations through the use of the latest technical means; the activities carried out in electronic form and/or through the use of digital technologies, dedicated to the digitalization of the judicial system, aimed at improving the quality of the work of the courts, ensuring maximum transparency of their decision-making and reducing corruption in the justice system. Conclusions: the digitalization of cases will reduce all document flow and ensure the safety of all available criminal cases and materials, allowing us to improve the quality of preliminary investigation or preparation for trials, reduce the risks of possible falsification of evidence, and the introduction of “electronic justice” will reduce the manifestation of any forms of corruption in the justice sector.
Coordinating Activities of the Prosecutor’s Office to Counteract and Prevent Extremism Among Migrant Workers in Modern Russia
Authors: Kakhkhorov Davlatali , Abdrashitov Vagip , Machidzoda Shavkat
Published: August 2020

Introduction: at the present stage of state and law development, the formation of interstate relations of a new format takes place in the context of rather complex and contradictory processes, whose many participants, demonstrating different levels of resistance, become vulnerable to both traditional and new challenges and threats of modern history. One of these threats is extremist activity, which is a real threat to the constitutional order and national security of any state. In recent decades, such phenomena as xenophobia, separatism, religious fanaticism and terrorism, various nationalist sentiments that develop into an active movement and extremism of various etiologies have been actively developed. For Russia, as a multi-ethnic democratic state, these phenomena are particularly dangerous, since they undermine the peaceful coexistence of various ethnic and social groups. In addition, the development of information technologies makes it more accessible to carry out extremist activities among the general population. The social networks are increasingly used by the supporters of terrorism and extremism to conduct active propaganda and vigorous recruitment. In this regard, the authors of the paper set a goal to study the real state of the prosecutor’s supervision over the implementation of laws on countering extremism among migrant workers, as well as to develop new forms of coordinating activities of the prosecutor’s office to prevent and suppress acts of extremist activity in the context of modern political and economic challenges of the modern Russian state and the world as a whole. Methods: the methodological framework for this research is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main ones are the methods of synthesis, scientific generalization and comparative law analysis. Results: despite giving the Prosecutor General’s Office the power to block the sites containing extremist information and remove direct calls for extremist activity, the issue of combating this phenomenon remains particularly topical. In this regard, the importance of coordinating, organizing and implementing the effective control over countering extremist activities, and improving the activities of the law enforcement agencies headed by the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation in the fight against extremism is increasing in every possible way. Conclusions: only joint, well-thought-out and well-coordinated activities, led by the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation, will prevent the main threats and minimize the negative impact of extremist activities on all sides, aspects and areas of functional activity of the modern Russian state, which is thus fighting not only extremism in all its manifestations, but also related phenomena, including nationalism, chauvinism, separatism, xenophobia, religious and mono-ethnic fanaticism and terrorism, as the most dangerous form of extremism.
TRANSANAL HAEMORRHOIDAL DEARTERIALIZATION WITH MUCOPEXY (THD-M) FOR TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS: IS IT APPLICABLE IN ALL GRADES? BRAZILIAN MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: SOBRADO Carlos Walter , KLAJNER Sidney , HORA José Américo Bacchi , MELLO Anderson , SILVA Fabricio Marcondes Luciano da , FRUGIS Marcos Onofre , SOBRADO Lucas Faraco
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Background: Transanal haemorrhoidal dearterialization with mucopexy (THD-M) is a valuable option for treating patients with haemorrhoidal disease. However, there is still controversy with regard to its efficacy for more advanced grades. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of THD-M technique for treating hemorrhoidal disease and to compare the immediate and late results in different grades. Method: Seven hundred and five consecutive patients with Goligher’s grade II, III or IV symptomatic haemorrhoids underwent surgical treatment using the THD-M method in five participating centres. Six well-trained and experienced surgeons operated on the patients. Average follow-up was 21 months (12-48). Results: Intraoperative complications were observed in 1.1% of cases, including four cases of haematoma, two of laceration of the mucosa, and two of bleeding. All of these were controlled by means of haemostatic suturing. In relation to postoperative complications, the most common of these were as follows: transitory tenesmus (21.4%); pain (7.2%); mucosal or haemorrhoidal prolapse (6.4%); residual skin tag (5.6%); faecal impaction (3.2%); haemorrhoidal thrombosis (2.8%); bleeding (2.1%); anal fissure (0.7%); and anal abscess (0.3%). Most of the complications were treated conservatively, and only 7.5% (53/705) required some type of surgical approach. There was no mortality or any severe complications. The recurrence of prolapse and bleeding was greater in patients with grade IV haemorrhoidal disease than in those with grade III and II (26.54% and 7.96% vs. 2.31% and 0.92% vs. 2.5% and 1.25%), respectively. Conclusion: The THD-M method is safe and effective for haemorrhoidal disease grades II and III with low rates of surgical complications. However, for grade IV hemorrhoids, it is associated with higher recurrence of prolapse and bleeding. So, THD-M method should not be considered as an effective option for the treatment of grade IV hemorrhoids.
II BRAZILIAN CONSENSUS ON GASTRIC CANCER BY THE BRAZILIAN GASTRIC CANCER ASSOCIATION
Authors: BARCHI Leandro Cardoso , RAMOS Marcus Fernando Kodama Pertille , DIAS André Roncon , ANDREOLLO Nelson Adami , WESTON Antônio Carlos , LOURENÇO Laércio Gomes , MALHEIROS Carlos Alberto , KASSAB Paulo , ZILBERSTEIN Bruno , Ferraz Álvaro Antônio Bandeira , Charruf Amir Zeide , Brandalise André , Silva André Maciel da , Alves Barlon , Marins Carlos Augusto Martinez , Leite Celso Vieira , Bresciani Claudio José Caldas , Szor Daniel , Mucerino Donato Roberto , Wohnrath Durval R. , Ilias Elias Jirjoss , Martins Filho Euclides Dias , Lopasso Fabio Pinatel , Coimbra Felipe José Fernandez , Felippe Fernando E. Cruz , Tomasisch Flávio Daniel Saavedra , Takeda Flavio Roberto , Ishak Geraldo , Laporte Gustavo Andreazza , Silva Herbeth José Toledo , Cecconello Ivan , Rodrigues Joaquim José Gama , Grande José Carlos Del , Motta Leonardo Milhomem da , Ferraz Leonardo Rocha , Moreira Luis Fernando , Lopes Luis Roberto , Toneto Marcelo Garcia , Mester Marcelo , Rodrigues Marco Antônio Gonçalves , Carvalho Marineide Prudêncio de , Franciss Maurice Youssef , Forones Nora Manoukian , Corletta Oly Campos , Yagi Osmar Kenji , Castro Osvaldo Antonio Prado , Malafaia Osvaldo , Assumpção Paulo Pimentel , Savassi-Rocha Paulo Roberto , Colleoni Neto Ramiro , Oliveira Rodrigo Jose de , Sallun Rubens Antonio Aissar , Weschenfelder Rui , Oliveira Saint Clair Vieira de , Abreu Thiago Boechat de , Castria Tiago Biachi de , Ribeiro Junior Ulysses , Barra Williams , Costa Júnior Wilson Luiz da , Freitas Júnior Wilson Rodrigues de
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Background: Since the publication of the first Brazilian Consensus on Gastric Cancer (GC) in 2012 carried out by the Brazilian Gastric Cancer Association, new concepts on diagnosis, staging, treatment and follow-up have been incorporated. Aim: This new consensus is to promote an update to professionals working in the fight against GC and to provide guidelines for the management of patients with this condition. Methods: Fifty-nine experts answered 67 statements regarding the diagnosis, staging, treatment and prognosis of GC with five possible alternatives: 1) fully agree; 2) partially agree; 3) undecided; 4) disagree and 5) strongly disagree A consensus was adopted when at least 80% of the sum of the answers “fully agree” and “partially agree” was reached. This article presents only the responses of the participating experts. Comments on each statement, as well as a literature review, will be presented in future publications. Results: Of the 67 statements, there was consensus in 50 (74%). In 10 declarations, there was 100% agreement. Conclusion: The gastric cancer treatment has evolved considerably in recent years. This consensus gathers consolidated principles in the last decades, new knowledge acquired recently, as well as promising perspectives on the management of this disease.
Nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants under hydroponic cultivation using brackish water
Authors: Souza Carlos Donato da Silva , Silva Geronimo Ferreira da , Menezes Sirleide Maria de , Morais José Edson Florentino de , Santos Júnior José Amilton , Silva Alexsandro Oliveira da
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Cultivation using brackish waters can result in nutritional and metabolic imbalances in several plant species, consequently reducing the production of dry matter (DM) and accumulation of toxic ions (Na+ and/or Cl-) in plants. We evaluated the DM production, and nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants (cv. Todo Ano Evergreen - Nebuka) under different levels of nutrient solution salinity in combination with circulation frequencies of this solution. Two experiments were conducted in a hydroponic system, using a completely randomized design, in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, with five replicates: six levels of nutrient solution salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 dS m-1) and two solution circulation frequencies (twice and thrice a day). In Experiment I, the evapotranspired depth was replaced using brackish water that was used to prepare each of the salinity levels (used exclusively), whereas in Experiment II, brackish water was used only to prepare each of the salinity levels and public water was used (electrical conductivity [ECw] = 0.12 dS m-1) for replacement in all treatments. The increase in the nutrient solution salinity reduced the production of DM and accumulation of nutrients; the reductions were more pronounced when brackish waters were used exclusively (Experiment I). However, the circulation of solutions thrice a day resulted in the harmful effects of the salinity effect. Replacing the evapotranspirated blade with water supply (Experiment II) mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity. Moreover, three circulations of the nutrient solution daily resulted in lower accumulation of inorganic Na+ and Cl- solutes and increased accumulation of nutrients N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and S in the culture.
Behavior and development of Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and physiological stress in genetically modified cotton expressing Cry1F and Cry1Ac proteins
Authors: Valadares N. R. , Soares M. A. , Ferreira E. A. , Mendes-Sá V. G. , Azevedo A. M. , Pires E. M. , Leite G. L. D.
Published: August 2020

Abstract Genetically modified plants are one of the tactics used in integrated pest management - IPM. There is great concern about the impact of these plants on non-target organisms. On the other hand, there is little information in the literature on the effects of transgenics (Bacillus thuringiensis) Bt on populations of phytophagous mites, and the physiological responses that this attack promotes on plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biology of the T. ludeni mite in Bt cotton, expressing the Cry1F and Cry1Ac proteins. To evaluate the behavior of food and oviposition preference of the T. ludeni with Bt cotton and isohybrid. Verify if the physiological stress caused by T. ludeni’s attack is differentiated in Bt cotton. The mites were reared in Bt cotton and isohybrid, in a total of 40 replicates in the completely randomized design and the biological cycle was evaluated. The food preference and oviposition analysis were done with 10 replicates, with choice. The physiological stress was evaluated through chlorophyll fluorescence, under greenhouse conditions. The data of the T. ludeni biology were analyzed by Student's t-test, for food and oviposition preference the chi-square test was performed. Regression models were fitted for the fluorescence parameters. The model identity test was used to evaluate the differences between Bt and isohybrid treatments. Cry1F and Cry1Ac proteins have not affected the biology of T. ludeni. The photosynthetic parameters in Bt cotton plants were less influenced by T. ludeni infestation.