bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kako strokovni delavci vrtca vrednotijo stalno strokovno izpopolnjevanje kot element svojega profesionalnega razvoja
Authors: Štemberger Tina , Vesel Nevenka
Published: April 2016

V prispevku se osredotočamo na stalno strokovno izpopolnjevanje vzgojiteljev predšolskih otrok. Predstavljamo rezultate kvalitativne študije primera, ki je bila izvedena v izbranem javnem slovenskem vrtcu. Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kako strokovni delavci v tem vrtcu vrednotijo izpopolnjevanje kot del profesionalnega razvoja ter kako je stalno strokovno izpopolnjevanje v tem vrtcu urejeno. Podatki so bili zbrani z metodo fokusnih skupin in s polstrukturiranimi intervjuji, obdelanimi po načelih kvalitativne analize. Glede na rezultate vzgojitelji menijo, da je stalno strokovno izpopolnjevanje pomembno za njihov profesionalni razvoj. Prav tako vzgojitelji menijo, da imajo v izbranem vrtcu dovolj možnosti za stalno strokovno izpopolnjevanje, pri čemer pričakujejo diferenciacijo izpopolnjevanja glede na individualno raven profesionalnega razvoja in trenutne potrebe. Kot največji oviri za stalno strokovno izpopolnjevanje navajajo pomanjkanje finančnih sredstev in preobremenjenost.
Prilagodljivi računalniški sistem za priporočanje učnih objektov v konstruktivističnem učnem okolju – ALECA
Authors: Ocepek Uroš , Nančovska Šerbec Irena , Rugelj Jože , Bosnić Zoran
Published: April 2016

Dandanes se pojavlja vse več učnih sistemov, ki podpirajo aktivno učenje in upoštevajo učenčeve učne lastnosti, značilnosti in aktivnosti. V prispevku predstavljamo zasnovo učnega priporočilnega sistema, ki združuje znanja pedagogike in računalniških priporočilnih algoritmov. Proučujemo, kako združevanje modelov učnih stilov vpliva na izbiro različnih tipov večpredstavnih učnih gradiv. Rezultati kažejo, da študentje za učenje najpogosteje uporabljajo dobro strukturirana učna gradiva, ki vsebujejo barvno diskriminacijo, in da je hemisferični model učnih stilov najpomembnejši odločitveni kriterij. V nadaljevanju opisujemo postopek za reševanje t. i. problema hladnega zagona, s katerim je mogoče izboljšati točnost sistema za priporočanje učnih gradiv v okoljih, kjer o učencih nimamo predhodnih podatkov. Namen prispevka je predstaviti idejno zasnovo prilagodljivega učnega sistema z analizo njegovih predvidenih učinkov na učno prakso.
Examining Carrier Selection with Situational Choice Models
Authors: Garver Michael
Published: April 2016

Carrier selection is one of the most important decisions in logistics and supply chain management. Academic researchers have suggested that carrier selection is best explained by choice modeling research methods. This research study puts forth a new approach to choice modeling that is better aligned with how shippers actually select carriers. The results suggest that the shipping situation has a significant impact on customer preferences and carrier selection and thus should be included into choice models and the resulting market simulations. Simulating marketplace reactions to different proposed offerings is helpful for practitioners. Demonstrated in this article, market simulations using data from this choice model estimate what percentage of the customer base will opt for a faster transit time at a large price premium and what percentage of their customer base will opt for a slower transit time for a small price discount. As a result, the carrier can prepare their network to handle the changes in demand for different transit times, along with optimizing financial performance.
DENERVAÇÃO ACETABULAR NO TRATAMENTO DA DISPLASIA COXOFEMORAL CANINA: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE DUAS ABORDAGENS CIRÚRGICAS
Authors: FRANÇA JESSÉA DE FÁTIMA , CALLADO DE OLIVEIRA DÉBORA MARIA MARQUES , RIBAS CRISTINA RAUEN , DO PRADO ANTONIA MARIA BINDER , DORNBUSCH PAMELA TAPIA CARREÑO , DORNBUSCH PETERSON TRICHES
Published: April 2016

A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é uma das alterações articulares mais frequentes em cães.  A denervação acetabular é um procedimento cirúrgico utilizado em cães com sensibilidade dolorosa na articulação do quadril atribuída à DCF.  Este artigo tem por objetivo comparar os resultados do procedimento de denervação acetabular por acesso lateral e ventral à articulação coxofemoral em 24 cães. Foram avaliados os seguintes aspectos: grau de claudicação, atrofia muscular, crepitação, dor e tendência à luxação da cabeça femoral à manobra de Ortolani, imediatamente antes do procedimento cirúrgico e após 14, 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório.  A qualidade de vida também foi avaliada após 60 e 360 dias de pós-operatório. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas dos parâmetros avaliados entre as abordagens cirúrgicas. Houve melhora significativa do grau de claudicação a partir de 60 dias de pós-operatório e da qualidade de vida sob a ótica dos proprietários após 60 e 360 dias. Concluiu-se que ambas as abordagens cirúrgicas são factíveis para a denervação acetabular em cães, com decréscimo significativo da claudicação após 60 dias e aumento da qualidade de vida em 60 e 360 dias de pós-operatório.
PORCENTAGEM DE LACTOSE EM AMOSTRAS DE LEITE DE TANQUE NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Ribas Newton Pohl , Horst José Augusto , Andrade Uriel Vinicius Cotarelli , Pacheco Hendyel Aparecida , Regonato Andressa
Published: April 2016

Programas de gerenciamento de rebanhos leiteiros têm utilizado a porcentagem de lactose na avaliação da qualidade do leite. Foram avaliados os efeitos de meio ambiente sobre a % de lactose de amostras de tanques coletadas mensalmente pelas indústrias de laticínios do Estado do Paraná, analisadas pelo Laboratório da Qualidade do Leite (LQL) da Associação Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Holandesa (APCBRH), fruto do convênio com UFPR. Analisaram-se 1.950.034 amostras de leite, coletadas no período de janeiro de 2005 a abril de 2012, em dez regiões do Estado. As médias estimadas, desvios-padrão e Coeficiente de Variação para % Lactose, ECS e Idade da Amostra em dias foram: 4,40 ± 0,23, 4,61%; 4,83 ± 1,52, 30,06%; e 2,98 ± 1,57 dias, respectivamente. Todos os efeitos incluídos no modelo matemático (mês e ano de análise, região, idade da amostra e escore da contagem de células somáticas) influenciaram significativamente (P<0,01) a variável estudada. O R² estimado foi de 0,23% para % de lactose. Os maiores valores observados de % de lactose ocorreram nos meses de agosto e setembro (4,48 e 4,48%) respectivamente e os menores em abril e maio (4,37 e 4,36%). O efeito de ano registrou um aumento linear de 2005 (4,38%) para 2012 (4,49%). Para o efeito de região, as maiores médias ocorreram na região Sudoeste-Francisco Beltrão (4,50%) e na região Centro Oriental–Ponta Grossa (4,46%), entretanto, as menores foram observadas nas regiões Norte Pioneiro -Cornélio Procópio (4,40%) e Sudeste – Irati (4,40%). A idade da amostra apresentou a maior média com 2 dias (4,44%), todavia o menor valor foi observado com 6 dias (4,42%). A % de lactose apresentou correlação alta e negativa com o ECS (-0,420), (P<0,01), ao variar de zero a oito a % de lactose diminuiu de 4,63 para 4,14%.
AVALIAÇÃO DE PROTOCOLO DE EXTRAÇÃO DE DNA PARA MICOBACTÉRIAS DIRETAMENTE DE AMOSTRAS GRANULOMATOSAS DE BOVINOS SUSPEITAS DE TUBERCULOSE PROCEDENTES DE FRIGORÍFICO NA BAHIA
Authors: Vasconcelos dos Santos Evelin Santiago , Fehlberg Italaney , Alcântara Adriano Costa de , Silva Bianca Pimentel , Carvalho Filipe Bacelar de , Cerqueira Robson Bahia
Published: April 2016

Ensaios de investigação molecular para diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina têm sido amplamente estudados. Estes métodos vêm possibilitar maior agilidade e possuem alta sensibilidade e especificidade além de permitirem realização de diagnóstico diferencial entre doenças e a identificação precisa do agente etiológico, sendo de grande importância para a epidemiologia, tratamento e prognóstico especialmente na saúde pública. Neste contexto a de extração de DNA tem sido apontada como etapa limitante ao uso da PCR em amostras clínicas devido à complexidade da parede celular micobacteriana e dificuldade de purificar a bactéria dessas amostras. O trabalho objetivou avaliar protocolo de extração de DNA de Mycobacterium, coletados diretamente do granuloma de bovinos com suspeita de tuberculose abatidos em frigoríficos da Bahia. Foram submetidas ao protocolo de extração para bactérias gram-positivas (QIAGEN, Alemanha) adaptado, 74 lesões resultando em excelentes concentrações e elevado grau de pureza do DNA. Os resultados indicam que o protocolo utilizado mostrou-se eficaz.
Roy Wagner e a fractalidade: considerações sobre o gesto êmico
Authors: Dulley Iracema
Published: April 2016

Com base em uma leitura detida de “A pessoa fractal”, de Roy Wagner, pretende-se pensar a questão da nomeação da diferença e sua vinculação ao gesto êmico na antropologia. A partir da proposta de fractalidade wagneriana, coloca-se em pauta uma questão de ordem filosófico-metodológica: como fundamentar a ideia de um pensamento nativo circunscrito por um nome? Para enfrentá-la, o texto inspira-se nos conceitos derrideanos de disseminação, iteração e différance.
As percepções sobre psicofármacos na Índia: pensando Eating Drugs, de Ecks
Authors: Freire de Andrade Neves Marcos
Published: April 2016

O presente ensaio bibliográfico tem seu foco direcionado sobre a etnografia Eating Drugs: Psychopharmaceutical Pluralism in India (Biopolitics: Medicine, Technoscience, and Health in the 21st Century), de Stefan Ecks, no qual o autor empreende uma análise dos usos e percepções sobre o uso de psicofármacos na Índia. A ampla utilização de tais medicamentos é analisado à luz de três sistemas de medicina (Ayurveda, alopatia e homeopatia) e das cooperações e disputas que mobilizam. O trabalho de Ecks é relacionado com outros realizados em contextos distintos, como o de Dumit, nos Estados Unidos.
QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA E FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE QUEIJOS COLONIAIS COM E SEM INSPEÇÃO, COMERCIALIZADOS NO SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: DA SILVA FRANCIELE , DA SILVA GISELE , TONIAL IVANE BENEDETTI , DE CASTRO-CISLAGHI FABIANE PICININ
Published: April 2016

O queijo colonial é um queijo artesanal, produzido em propriedadesrurais, geralmente fabricado com leite cru e muitas vezes sem boaspráticas de fabricação. Não possui regulamento técnico de identidadee qualidade e em muitos casos não possui inspeção. O objetivo destetrabalho foi avaliar as características físico-químicas e a qualidademicrobiológica de amostras de queijos coloniais sem inspeção, cominspeção federal, estadual e municipal comercializados no Sudoestedo Paraná. Foram coletadas oito amostras de queijo colonial, sendoduas de cada serviço de inspeção e duas sem inspeção. Foramrealizadas análises físico-químicas (pH, acidez, umidade, proteínas,lipídeos, gordura no extrato seco, extrato seco desengordurado,cinzas e carboidratos totais) e microbiológicas (mesófi losaeróbios, bolores e leveduras, coliformes totais e termotolerantes,Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e Salmonella sp.). Os resultadosdas análises microbiológicas demonstraram que 50% das amostrasestavam com contagens de coliformes totais e termotolerantesacima do permitido pela legislação, sendo duas amostras deinspeção municipal e duas sem inspeção. Por meio das análisesfísico-químicas, foi possível observar a falta de padronização dosqueijos coloniais, o que é indesejável tanto para os produtores,quanto para os consumidores. Dessa forma, os resultados indicama necessidade de maior controle de qualidade do processo e doproduto fi nal, bem como a elaboração de um regulamento técnicode identidade e qualidade do queijo colonial.
COMPOSICIÓN NUTRICIONAL DE FRUTOS DE SYAGRUS ROMANZOFFIANA (PINDÓ) NATIVOS DE FORMOSA- ARGENTINA
Authors: ROMPATO KARINA MARIELA , FRANCO RODRIGO RUBÉN , SOMOZA SUSANA NÉLIDA , ROMPATO LUIS SANTIAGO
Published: April 2016

La palmera “pindó” (Syagrus romanzoffi ana) es una especie nativa,abundante en la provincia de Formosa, Argentina. Las plantasproducen frutos con formas diferentes, ovalados y esféricos. Sedeterminó el perfi l de ácidos grasos (AG) en los frutos enteros yantioxidantes y proteínas en pulpa seca molida. Se indagó si lasdiferentes formas implican variación en la composición nutricionaly en antioxidantes. Los datos experimentales arrojaron diferenciasen el perfi l de ácidos grasos según la forma. Los frutos esféricos,muestran una relación entre ácidos grasos, saturados e insaturados,benefi ciosa para la salud humana, con un perfi l intermedio entre elaceite de oliva y girasol. Las proteínas en frutos ovalados fue de3,57 g/100 g y 3,66 g/100 g en esféricos. Entre los antioxidantes, lavitamina C presenta valores con diferencia signifi cativa entre los frutosovalados y esféricos, conteniendo estos últimos mayor concentración,5,23 mg/g. Se encontraron diferencias signifi cativas en compuestosfenólicos según la forma de los frutos, 7,53 mgEAG/100 g para losesféricos. La determinación de carotenoides totales fue de 160,64 enovalados y 213,56 μg β-caroteno/g en esféricos. El perfi l de AG defrutos esféricos y la proporción de aceites encontrada, los convierteen un producto apto para la extracción de aceites comestiblesbenefi cioso para la salud dada su proporción de AG saturados/insaturados, (1/2,5) utilizando el fruto entero. El alto contenidode compuestos bioactivos, polifenoles, carotenoides y vitamina Crealza la calidad nutricional de la pulpa de éstos frutos y su potencialuso para enriquecimiento de diferentes productos alimenticios.
EFFECT OF PASTEURIZATION CLAIM ON ACCEPTANCE AND PURCHASE INTENTION OF READY-TO-EAT AÇAÍ1
Authors: PORTELA JÉSSICA B. , MELLO LÍVIA , DA SILVA TÁBATA F. , PEREIRA KAREN S. , MELO LAURO
Published: April 2016

The açaí (Euterpe oleracea) is very perishable, due to its microbial,chemical and enzymatic nature. Furthermore, extensive handlingof the product during the production process also contributes to itsrapid deterioration and contamination. Results showed the açaí asa vehicle for oral transmission of Acute Chagas disease (ACD). Thepasteurization, which is an important thermal processing in the foodindustry, can inactivate the protozoan that transmits the ACD, assuringthe microbiological food safety. However, heat can aff ect importantsensory characteristics such as color and fl avor and decrease açaíacceptance. On the other hand, information about the product caninterfere in consumer choice and intention to purchase. The studywas conducted with two brands of ready-to-eat açaí, pasteurizedand unpasteurized. Aff ective acceptance tests were performed withthe samples, using the hedonic 9-point scale (1 = dislike extremelyto 9 = like extremely). Moreover, evaluations also included frequencyof consumption, and purchase intention. Results demonstrated thatthe pasteurization claim, given to consumers, increased (p<0.05)acceptance of the pasteurized sample (7.5a), initially (without theclaim) (6.2b) not as well accepted as the unpasteurized sample(7.8a) (p<0.05). Despite this, the claim of not pasteurization didnot infl uence the acceptance of the unpasteurized sample (7.8a),which remained well accepted (p>0.05) by consumers (7.8a). Theseresults reinforce the importance of the eff ect of information on theconsumers’ acceptance and purchase intention of açaí.
O discurso regional autorizado de Bento, Brasil e David
Authors: Cordova Maria Julieta Weber
Published: April 2016

O estudo trata do discurso de formação social e histórica paranaense, perpassando pelo discurso regional de identidade e tendo como objetivo a análise das produções intelectuais de Bento Munhoz da Rocha Netto, Brasil Pinheiro Machado e David Carneiro. O referencial teórico tomou como ponto de partida a relação entre os conceitos de linguagem de autoridade e espírito de família de Pierre Bourdieu. Compreendeu-se que o discurso autorizado encontrou fundamentação numa lógica de reprodução e distribuição do capital cultural herdado, tendo como elementos de análise a herança familiar dos intelectuais em questão e sua correlação com o poder político regional, pois tanto Bento Munhoz da Rocha Netto como Brasil Pinheiro Machado e David Carneiro eram descendentes de famílias históricas paranaenses, ocupando posições sociais privilegiadas. Trabalhou-se também com a Análise de Discurso Francesa, procurando discutir o sentido simbólico do discurso identitário e sua relação com a formação social e histórica regional. A problemática residiu, portanto, em apreender o discurso regional de formação social e histórica paranaense, considerando os processos e as condições de produção de uma linguagem autorizada. Utilizaram-se como fontes de pesquisa, fundamentalmente, as obras dos intelectuais em questão, procurando levar em conta o contexto de suas produções.
Avaliação de uma proposta de reciclagem de veículos em fim de vida no Paraná baseado no modelo alemão
Authors: Mildemberger Lucelia , Neuffer Daniela , Ponte Haroldo A. , Ficher Klaus
Published: April 2016

O crescente volume de veículos em fim de vida (VFV) no mundo nas últimas décadas despertou a preocupação com a gestão ambientalmente correta desses resíduos. Desde a década de 90 na Comunidade Europeia (CE), EUA e Japão a preocupação com a recuperação dos materiais dos VFV começou a fazer parte da rotina. A Alemanha desempenhou desde o início um papel impulsionador para o mundo neste tema. No Brasil, no entanto, apesar do aumento de veículos que deixam de circular no país, o tema da reciclagem ainda não ocupou o devido destaque nas discussões entre governo, empresários e sociedade para estabelecer política e legislação específica. Sendo assim, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi buscar uma comparação entre a gestão de VFV no Paraná (PR) e em Baden-Württemberg (BW) na Alemanha referente ao período que antecede junho de 2012, data da defesa da dissertação. A partir do levantamento dos dados foram feitas análises comparativas para identificar oportunidades e limitações da proposta de reciclagem de veículos no PR.
VALENCIANO, Tiago. Cara de Santo: as propagandas políticas do Paraná. Maringá: Sahar, 2014. 142 p
Authors: Silva Rafael Egidio Leal e
Published: April 2016

VALENCIANO, Tiago. Cara de Santo: as propagandas políticas do Paraná. Maringá: Sahar, 2014. 142 p
A força política das famílias tradicionais no Paraná (1853-1889)
Authors: Alves Alessandro Cavassin
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo discute a política no Paraná no século XIX, a partir de sua emancipação em 1853 até o fim do Império brasileiro, em 1889, utilizando dos conceitos como classe política e a sua relação com a instituição familiar. Igualmente pensa esta mesma classe através da metodologia da prosopografia, privilegiando as características comuns destes atores. Com efeito, destaca-se um pequeno grupo, líderes de suas amplas famílias, que irão dominar e organizar a cena política paranaense.
DOSSIE ARQUIVOS NEP ( parte1 )
Authors: Vanali Ana , Oliveira Ricardo Costa de
Published: April 2016

NEP - um Programa de Pesquisas sobre o Paraná
Políticas públicas de educação no Paraná: contratação e condições de trabalho de professores temporários como variável de análise
Authors: Souza Marcelo Nogueira de
Published: April 2016

Trabalho de doutorado sob a orientação de Maria Tarcisa da Silva Bega
Curitiba – 50 anos de eleições municipais – as forças políticas que nas democracias e no governo disputam o poder, de Mauro Pioli Rehbein
Authors: Cruz Katiano Miguel
Published: April 2016

Dissertação de autoria de Mauro Pioli Rehbein, defendida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia da UFPR, em 2008, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Ricardo Costa de Oliveira. Versão completa disponível na Biblioteca Digital da UFPR- http://dspace.c3sl.ufpr.br:8080/dspace/bitstream/handle/1884/25274/REHBEIN%2c%20MAURO%20PIOLI%20%28Correto%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Políticas Públicas e Ministério Público, de Maria Tereza Uille Gomes
Authors: Silva Lucas Pereira da
Published: April 2016

Tese de doutorado de autoria de Maria Tereza Uille Gomes, defendida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia da UFPR, na linha Sociedade e Estado, em 2011, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Ricardo Costa de Oliveira. Versão completa disponível na Biblioteca Digital da UFPR - http://dspace.c3sl.ufpr.br/dspace/bitstream/handle/1884/28014/R%20-%20T%20-%20MARIA%20TEREZA%20UILLE%20GOMES.pdf?sequence=1.
“Requião tem razão?” Homem político e discursos: um estudo sobre a trajetória de Roberto Requião de Mello e Silva, de Daiane Carnelos Resende
Authors: Goulart JR Jaderson
Published: April 2016

Tese de autoria de Daiane Carnelos Resende no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia da UFPR, em 2015, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Ricardo Costa de Oliveira. A versão completa está disponível na Biblioteca Digital da UFPR - file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/R%20-%20T%20-%20DAIANE%20CARNELOS%20RESENDE%20LAIBIDA.pdf.
Sumário
Authors: Vanali Ana Crhistina
Published: April 2016

Sumário
Gravity-assisted drainage imaging in the assessment of pediatric hydronephrosis
Authors: Acker Matthew R. , Clark Roderick , Anderson Peter
Published: April 2016

Introduction: As early detection of hydronephrosis increases, we require better methods of distinguishing between pediatric patients who require pyeloplasty vs. those with transient obstruction. Gravity-assisted drainage (GAD) as part of a standardized diuretic renography protocol has been suggested as a simple and safe method to differentiate patients.

Methods: Renal scans of 89 subjects with 121 hydronephrotic renal units between January 2004 and March 2007 were identified and analyzed.

 Results: Of all renal units, 65% showed obstruction. GAD maneuver resulted in significant residual tracer drainage in eight renal units, moderate drainage in 12 renal units, and some improvement in 40 units after the GAD maneuver. Of the eight renal units with significant residual tracer drainage, only two proceeded to pyeloplasty. After pyeloplasty, nine children had improved time to half maximum (T1/2 Max) and 13 were unchanged.

Conclusions: Our study was limited due to its retrospective design and descriptive analyses, but includes a sufficient number of subjects to conclude that GAD as part of a diuretic renography protocol is an effective and simple technique that can help prevent unnecessary surgical procedures in pediatric patients.
Factors Driving the Credit Card Ownership in Italy
Authors: Amendola Alessandra , Pellecchia Alfonso , Sensini Luca
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to explore the main determinants of credit card ownership by analyzing the variables that may affect the decision to hold a credit card. Using the 2012 Survey on Household Income and Wealth provided by the Bank of Italy as main source, we estimated count data models in order to identify the socio-economic, demographic and territorial variables affecting the credit card accounts held by households. Our estimates give evidence of the significance of the considered factors. In particular, we find that geographical location is an important determinant of families behavior in line with the socio-economic gap between the North and the South of Italy. Other relevant variables acting on the number of credit cards held are age, income, municipality size, gender, education and marital status. The reached results are interesting in depicting the main characteristics of cardholders and in helping the implementation of a segment-specific marketing program in the banking services industry.
The Effect of Structural Capital on Enterprise (Qualitative and Quantitative) Performance
Authors: Yilmaz Osman , Comez Pinar
Published: April 2016

Intellectual capital is a new managerial notion that is adaptive to changing environmental conditions and provides advantages in highly competitive marketplace. It is contextualized in the literature with the sub-elements: structural capital, human capital and relation capital. Even though this notion found wide interest in academia, the impacts of its sub-elements on business performance haven’t been studied enough. In this study we aim to fill this gap. For this reason, the relationships between structural capital and qualitative and quantitative performance have been investigated. For analysis we preferred Structural Equation Model (SEM) using Lisrel 8.51. According to the findings, structural capital affects the qualitative performance positively and explains 82% of the change in qualitative performances of companies; while explaining 28 % of the positive change.
Palatalization in educated Cairene Arabic
Authors: Youssef Islam
Published: April 2016

In the speech of some educated Cairenes, the coronal stops /t d tˤ dˤ/ acquire a secondary palatal articulation before high front vowels and glides, resulting in [tj] or [dj]. Based on first-hand data, this article provides a detailed phonetic and phonological investigation of this palatalization process in an attempt to fill a descriptive gap in the literature on Cairene Arabic. By examining the full range of triggers, targets, and potential blockers, I demonstrate that this is a phonetic coarticulatory effect, and that it should be distinguished from phonological assimilation. I also explore the hypothesis that this process – characterized as a sound change in progress – has been phonologized in a different sociolect of Cairene Arabic.
1.48-kV enhancement-mode AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors fabricated on 6-in. silicon by fluoride-based plasma treatment
Authors: Yeh Chih-Tung , Wang Wei-Kai , Shen Yi-Siang , Horng Ray-Hua
Published: April 2016

Enhancement-mode AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) were fabricated on a Si substrate by fluorine plasma treatment without pre-etching. The threshold voltage shifted from −8 to 2.3 V, effectively converting the depletion-mode HEMT to the enhancement-mode HEMT. The leakage current was reduced by two orders of magnitude by CF4 plasma treatment. The device exhibited a superior performance with a maximum drain saturation current of 210 mA/mm at V
GS = 10 V and a peak gain of 44.1 mS/mm. A low off-state gate leakage current of 10−6 mA/mm, I
ON/I
OFF ratio of approximately 108, and high breakdown voltage of 1480 V were obtained.
Structure and stability of recombinant bovine odorant-binding protein: III. Peculiarities of the wild type bOBP unfolding in crowded milieu
Authors: Stepanenko Olga V. , Roginskii Denis O. , Stepanenko Olesya V. , Kuznetsova Irina M. , Uversky Vladimir N. , Turoverov Konstantin K.
Published: April 2016

Contrary to the majority of the members of the lipocalin family, which are stable monomers with the specific OBP fold (a β-barrel consisting of a 8-stranded anti-parallel β-sheet followed by a short α-helical segment, a ninth β-strand, and a disordered C-terminal tail) and a conserved disulfide bond, bovine odorant-binding protein (bOBP) does not have such a disulfide bond and forms a domain-swapped dimer that involves crossing the α-helical region from each monomer over the β-barrel of the other monomer. Furthermore, although natural bOBP isolated from bovine tissues exists as a stable domain-swapped dimer, recombinant bOBP has decreased dimerization potential and therefore exists as a mixture of monomeric and dimeric variants. In this article, we investigated the effect model crowding agents of similar chemical nature but different molecular mass on conformational stability of the recombinant bOBP. These experiments were conducted in order to shed light on the potential influence of model crowded environment on the unfolding-refolding equilibrium. To this end, we looked at the influence of PEG-600, PEG-4000, and PEG-12000 in concentrations of 80, 150, and 300 mg/mL on the equilibrium unfolding and refolding transitions induced in the recombinant bOBP by guanidine hydrochloride. We are showing here that the effect of crowding agents on the structure and conformational stability of the recombinant bOBP depends on the size of the crowder, with the smaller crowding agents being more effective in the stabilization of the bOBP native dimeric state against the guanidine hydrochloride denaturing action. This effect of the crowding agents is concentration dependent, with the high concentrations of the agents being more effective.
A UK general practice population cohort study investigating the association between lipid lowering drugs and 30-day mortality following medically attended acute respiratory illness
Authors: Joshi Roshni , Venkatesan Sudhir , Myles Puja R.
Published: April 2016

Background.Cholesterol lowering drugs HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and PPARαactivators (fibrates) have been shown to reduce host inflammation via non-disease specific immunomodulatory mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that commonly prescribed drugs in general practice, statins and fibrates, may be beneficial in influenza-like illness related mortality. This retrospective cohort study examines the association between two lipid lowering drugs, statins and fibrates, and all-cause 30-day mortality following a medically attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI).

Methods.Primary care patient data were retrospectively extracted from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) database. The sample comprised 201,179 adults aged 30 years or older experiencing a MAARI episode. Patient exposure to statins or fibrates was coded as separate dichotomous variables and deemed current if the most recent GP prescription was issued in the 30 days prior to MAARI diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox regression were used for analyses. Adjustment was carried out for chronic lung disease, heart failure, metformin and glitazones, comorbidity burden, socio-demographic and lifestyle variables such as smoking status and body mass index (BMI). Statistical interaction tests were carried out to check for effect modification by gender, body mass index, smoking status and comorbidity.

Results.A total of 1,096 (5%) patients died within the 30-day follow up period. Of this group, 213 (19.4%) were statin users and 4 (0.4%) were fibrate users. After adjustment, a significant 35% reduction in odds [adj OR; 0.65 (95% CI [0.52–0.80])] and a 33% reduction in the hazard [adj HR: 0.67 (95% CI [0.55–0.83])] of all-cause 30-day mortality following MAARI was observed in statin users. A significant effect modification by comorbidity burden was observed for the association between statin use and MAARI-related mortality. Fibrate use was associated with a non-significant reduction in 30-day MAARI-related mortality.

Conclusion.This study suggests that statin use may be associated with a reduction in 30-day mortality following acute respiratory illness that is severe enough to merit medical consultation. Findings from this study support and strengthen similar observational research while providing a strong rationale for a randomised controlled trial investigating the potential role of statins in acute respiratory infections.
Modeling the diurnal variability of respiratory fluxes in the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM)
Authors: Badawy Bakr , Arora Vivek K. , Melton Joe R. , Nassar Ray
Published: April 2016

The Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) coupled to the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) is a dynamic vegetation model that incorporates photosynthesis and respiration submodules among many other physiological processes of the terrestrial biosphere. While the photosynthesis and leaf respiration submodules of CTEM operate at a time step of 30 min, other respiratory fluxes are estimated at a daily time step using the daily‐averaged values of canopy and soil temperature, and soil moisture content. Here we modify CTEM to be able to simulate the diurnal variation of ecosystem respiratory fluxes caused by the diurnal variation in the driving climate data. Simulating respiration at a 30 min time step changed the equilibrium states of primary carbon pools and fluxes. This required changes to some of the model's parameters in order to realistically simulate the equilibrium values of carbon pools and fluxes. The resulting estimated daily and annual carbon fluxes from the modified and original CTEM are similar with small relative differences. The similar annual cycles of daily values of primary CO2 fluxes confirm that modeling the respiratory fluxes at a subdaily time step does not affect the annual cycles of these fluxes. We also demonstrate that the modified version of the model is able to simulate the diurnal cycle of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 fluxes that are broadly comparable to observation‐based estimates at two flux tower sites and exhibit realistic seasonal patterns. Limitations remain in the modeled diurnal patterns of primary land‐atmosphere CO2 fluxes which will form the basis of further model improvements.
The inverse microconglomerate test: Further evidence for the preservation of Hadean magnetizations in metasediments of the Jack Hills, Western Australia
Authors: Cottrell Rory D. , Tarduno John A. , Bono Richard K. , Dare Matthew S. , Mitra Gautam
Published: April 2016

We introduce a new paleomagnetic test, applicable to metamorphosed terrains, that assesses the recording fidelity of a metasediment. Magnetic mineral carriers with unblocking temperatures lower than the peak metamorphic temperature should record a common remagnetization direction, whereas those with higher unblocking temperatures should be randomly distributed if a primary magnetization has been preserved on a sedimentary grain scale. We call this an inverse microconglomerate test. Application to metasediments of the Jack Hills (JH), Western Australia, reveals that the chrome mica fuchsite records a well‐grouped secondary magnetization at unblocking temperatures between ∼270 and 340°C, in contrast to the random distribution of in situ directions held by zircons isolated at unblocking temperatures >550°C. This positive test further supports JH zircons as hosts of primary Hadean magnetizations. More generally, the new test can aid in understanding the timing of peak metamorphism and deformation in complex terrains.
Does Providing Prompts During Retrieval Practice Improve Learning?
Authors: Smith Megan A. , Blunt Janell R. , Whiffen Joshua W. , Karpicke Jeffrey D.
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this investigation was to identify ways to prompt retrieval practice to make recall even more effective at producing meaningful learning. In two experiments, subjects read educational texts and practiced retrieval across two periods. During prompted retrieval, subjects were cued to explain and describe concepts from the text, whereas during free recall, subjects recalled as much of the material from the text as they could. A reading control condition was also included. Learning was assessed using both verbatim and higher‐order questions 1 week later. Practicing retrieval improved learning relative to the control on both types of questions; however, whether subjects practiced free or prompted retrieval did not matter for learning. Subjects rated prompted retrieval as less enjoyable and interesting than the other retrieval conditions. Results demonstrate practicing retrieval promoted meaningful learning, and that subjects' initial retrieval success was highest when they used their own retrieval strategies during recall. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thiolation and Cell‐Penetrating Peptide Surface Functionalization of Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Oral Delivery of Insulin
Authors: Shrestha Neha , Araújo Francisca , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Mäkilä Ermei , Gomes Maria João , Herranz‐Blanco Bárbara , Lindgren Rici , Granroth Sari , Kukk Edwin , Salonen Jarno , Hirvonen Jouni , Sarmento Bruno , Santos Hélder A.
Published: April 2016

During the last decades, advanced oral delivery systems to enhance the intestinal absorption of widely applicable proteins and peptides, particularly insulin, have been developed. Here, chitosan‐conjugated undecylenic acid‐modified thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon nanoparticles (CSUn NPs) are used, which promote the mucoadhesion and cellular interactions, thus boosting the intestinal permeability of insulin. Then, to further potentiate the mucoadhesion and permeability enhancement of chitosan‐modified NPs, the surface of the NPs is further modified with either l‐cysteine (CYS‐CSUn NPs) or a cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP‐CSUn NPs). CYS‐CSUn and CPP‐CSUn NPs show 17‐ and 12‐fold increase in the apparent permeability of insulin across cellular intestinal cells, respectively, with significant enhancement in the cellular interactions. The insulin uptake mechanism pathways in intestinal cells from the developed NPs are also unraveled, which demonstrates major involvement of active transport process and electrostatic interactions, along with adsorptive and clathrin‐mediated endocytic pathways. Moreover, after oral administration in diabetic rats, CYS‐CSUn NPs show 1.86‐ and 2.03‐fold increase in the relative bioavailability of insulin, as compared to empty NPs and oral insulin solution, respectively. In conclusion, this study presents l‐cysteine modified CSUn NPs as a promising strategy with the ability to overcome the multiple barriers for oral delivery of insulin.
Catalytic α‐Allylation of Enones with Alcohols via [Gold(I)]‐Mediated [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Propargylic Carboxylates
Authors: Manoni Elisabetta , Daka Mario , Mastandrea Marco M. , Nisi Assunta De , Monari Magda , Bandini Marco
Published: April 2016

The site‐selective α‐allylic alkylation of enones with alcohols via gold‐triggered formation of nucleophilic allenoates by means of [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangements of propargylic carboxylates is reported. A range of α‐alkylated enones is obtained in high yields in the presence of the gold complex [JohnPhosAu(ACN)]SbF6 (2 mol%) as the promoting agent. Examples of allylation/Friedel–Crafts alkylation sequences are also provided, delivering densely functionalized dihydroindenes and dihydrobenzo[7]annulenes in a one‐pot procedure in moderate yields. The role of the Brønsted acidity (i.e., pivalic acid) delivered during the reaction course in assisting the formation of carbocationic intermediates is documented.

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In Situ Measurement of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Evolution on Silicon Anodes Using Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Yoon Insun , Abraham Daniel P. , Lucht Brett L. , Bower Allan F. , Guduru Pradeep R.
Published: April 2016

In situ measurements of the growth of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on silicon and the lithiation‐induced volume changes in silicon in lithium ion half‐cells are reported. Thin film amorphous silicon electrodes are fabricated in a configuration that allows unambiguous separation of the total thickness change into contribution from SEI thickness and silicon volume change. Electrodes are assembled into a custom‐designed electrochemical cell, which is integrated with an atomic force microscope. The electrodes are subjected to constant potential lithiation/delithiation at a sequence of potential values and the thickness measurements are made at each potential after equilibrium is reached. Experiments are carried out with two electrolytes—1.2 m lithium hexafluoro‐phosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbonate (EC) and 1.2 m LiPF6 in propylene carbonate (PC)—to investigate the influence of electrolyte composition on SEI evolution. It is observed that SEI formation occurs predominantly during the first lithiation and the maximum SEI thickness is ≈17 and 10 nm respectively for EC and PC electrolytes. This study also presents the measured Si expansion ratio versus equilibrium potential and charge capacity versus equilibrium potential; both relationships display hysteresis, which is explained in terms of the stress–potential coupling in silicon.
Thermische Aktivierung von Methan durch [HfO].+ und [XHfO]+ (X=F, Cl, Br, I): ein außergewöhnlicher Ligandeneffekt und dessen Ursache
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Li Jilai , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: April 2016

Die thermischen Reaktionen von Methan mit [HfO].+ und [XHfO]+ (X=F, Cl, Br, I) wurden mittels FT‐ICR‐Massenspektrometrie und modernen quantenchemischen Rechnungen untersucht. Während [HfO].+ gegenüber Methan inert ist, ermöglichen die geschlossenschaligen Ionen [XHfO]+ (X=F, Cl, Br) überraschenderweise die Aktivierung der H3C‐H‐Bindung unter Bildung des Insertionsproduktes [Hf(X)(OH)(CH3)]+. Mögliche Ursachen dieses außergewöhnlichen Ligandeneffekts werden diskutiert.
A Click Chemistry‐Based Proteomic Approach Reveals that 1,2,4‐Trioxolane and Artemisinin Antimalarials Share a Common Protein Alkylation Profile
Authors: Ismail Hanafy M. , Barton Victoria E. , Panchana Matthew , Charoensutthivarakul Sitthivut , Biagini Giancarlo A. , Ward Stephen A. , O'Neill Paul M.
Published: April 2016

In spite of the recent increase in endoperoxide antimalarials under development, it remains unclear if all these chemotypes share a common mechanism of action. This is important since it will influence cross‐resistance risks between the different classes. Here we investigate this proposition using novel clickable 1,2,4‐trioxolane activity based protein‐profiling probes (ABPPs). ABPPs with potent antimalarial activity were able to alkylate protein target(s) within the asexual erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7). Importantly, comparison of the alkylation fingerprint with that generated from an artemisinin ABPP equivalent confirms a highly conserved alkylation profile, with both endoperoxide classes targeting proteins in the glycolytic, hemoglobin degradation, antioxidant defence, protein synthesis and protein stress pathways, essential biological processes for plasmodial survival. The alkylation signatures of the two chemotypes show significant overlap (ca. 90 %) both qualitatively and semi‐quantitatively, suggesting a common mechanism of action that raises concerns about potential cross‐resistance liabilities.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Desymmetrization by Hydroformylation of Cyclopentenes: Synthesis of Chiral Carbocyclic Nucleosides
Authors: You Cai , Wei Biao , Li Xiuxiu , Yang Yusheng , Liu Yue , Lv Hui , Zhang Xumu
Published: April 2016

Excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee) and diastereoselectivities (up to >99:1 d.r.) have been achieved in the desymmetrization of cyclopentenes by catalytic hydroformylation. This novel methodology provides an efficient and concise synthetic route to chiral cyclopentane carboxaldehydes. The key intermediate, (1S,3S)‐(3‐hydroxymethyl)cyclopentanol, for the synthesis of carbocyclic‐ddA was obtained in three steps.
Theoretical Modelling and Facile Synthesis of a Highly Active Boron‐Doped Palladium Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Vo Doan Tat Thang , Wang Jingbo , Poon Kee Chun , Tan Desmond C. L. , Khezri Bahareh , Webster Richard D. , Su Haibin , Sato Hirotaka
Published: April 2016

A highly active alternative to Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is the cathode‐electrode reaction of fuel cells, is sought for higher fuel‐cell performance. Our theoretical modelling reveals that B‐doped Pd (Pd‐B) weakens the absorption of ORR intermediates with nearly optimal binding energy by lowering the barrier associated with O2 dissociation, suggesting Pd‐B should be highly active for ORR. In fact, Pd‐B, facile synthesized by an electroless deposition process, exhibits 2.2 times and 8.8 times higher specific activity and 14 times and 35 times less costly than commercial pure Pd and Pt catalysts, respectively. Another computational result is that the surface core level of Pd is negatively shifted by B doping, as confirmed by XPS, and implies that filling the density of states related to the anti‐bonding of oxygen to Pd surfaces with excess electrons from B doping, weakens the O bonding to Pd and boosts the catalytic activity.
Thermal Activation of Methane by [HfO].+ and [XHfO]+ (X=F, Cl, Br, I) and the Origin of a Remarkable Ligand Effect
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Li Jilai , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: April 2016

The thermal reactions of methane with [HfO].+ and [XHfO]+ (X=F, Cl, Br, I) were investigated by using FT‐ICR mass spectrometry complemented by high‐level quantum chemical calculations. Surprisingly, in contrast to the inertness of [HfO].+ towards methane, the closed‐shell oxide ions [XHfO]+ (X=F, Cl, Br) activate the H3C−H bond to form the insertion products [Hf(X)(OH)(CH3)]+. The possible origin of this remarkable ligand effect is discussed.
GUT GENES ASSOCIATED WITH THE PERITROPHIC MATRIX IN Reticulitermes flavipes (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae): IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Sandoval‐Mojica Andres F. , Scharf Michael E.
Published: April 2016

The peritrophic matrix (PM) is an acellular structure that lines the gut of most insects. It is an attractive target for pest management strategies because of its close involvement in digestive processes and role as a barrier against pathogens and toxins. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize the genes that translate for principal components of the Reticulitermes flavipes PM. Genes encoding a gut chitin synthase (CHS), two proteins with peritrophin‐A domains, and a chitin deacetylase were identified from an R. flavipes symbiont‐free gut cDNA library, a pyrosequencing study of termite lignocellulose digestion, and a metatranscriptomic analysis of R. flavipes fed on agricultural biomass. Quantitative expression analysis of the identified genes, in the termite digestive tract, revealed that the transcripts coding for a CHS (RfCHSB) and the proteins with peritrophin‐A domains (RfPPAD1 and RfPPAD2) were predominantly expressed in the midgut, suggesting an association with the PM. The peritrophin identity of the RfPPAD2 gene was confirmed by immunodetection of its translated peptide in the midgut and PM. The discovery and characterization of PM components of R. flavipes provides a basis for further investigation of the viability of this structure as a target for candidate termiticides.
Spinal lipoma as a dysembryogenetic anomaly: Four unusual cases of ectopic iliac rib within the spinal lipoma
Authors: Accogli Andrea , Pavanello Marco , Accorsi Patrizia , De Marco Patrizia , Merello Elisa , Pacetti Mattia , Nozza Paolo , Fiorillo Chiara , Pinelli Lorenzo , Cama Armando , Rossi Andrea , Catala Martin , Capra Valeria
Published: April 2016

Background

Congenital spinal lipomas are closed spinal dysraphisms belonging to the neural tube defects (NTDs) group. They include a broad spectrum of lesions ranging from simple lipomas of the filum terminale to complex malformations. On histological evaluation, various tissue components of ectodermal, mesodermal or endodermal origin are found within the lipomas, with prevalence for nerves and striated muscle and, more rarely, cartilage and bone. Overall, rib malformations have been occasionally observed in patients with NTDs and in NTD mouse models. However, an ectopic rib arising within the spinal lipoma and articulating with the iliac crest has not been reported in either animal models or in humans.

Cases

We describe four patients affected by lipomyeloschisis or lipomyelomeningocele, with an unusual fibrocartilaginous protuberance arising within the lipoma and connecting to one iliac crest, strongly resembling an ectopic rib. Histological evaluation confirmed the presence of cartilaginous tissue.

Conclusion

We expand the clinical spectrum of fibrocartilaginous anomalies associated with spinal lipoma, suggesting the presence of an ectopic rib as a new possible phenotype in NTDs. A careful analysis by neuroradiologists and pathologists should be performed in spinal lipomas to assess the presence of an ectopic rib or other uncommon developmental anomalies. Furthermore, molecular studies are required to detect the genetic cause of this unusual phenotype. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:530–535, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazine dangled 2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐based fluorescent sensor for selective relay recognition of Cu2+ and sulfide in water
Authors: Tang Lijun , Zheng Zhuxuan , Bian Yanjiang
Published: April 2016

A new 2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐based derivative (L) was synthesized and applied as a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent sensor for relay recognition of Cu2+ and S2− in water (Tris–HCl 10 mM, pH = 7.0) solution. L exhibits an excellent selectivity to Cu2+ over other examined metal ions with a prominent fluorescence ‘turn‐off’ at 392 nm. L interacts with Cu2+ through a 1:2 binding stoichiometry with a detection limit of 4.8 × 10–7 M. The on‐site formed L–2Cu2+ complex exhibits excellent selectivity to S2− with a fluorescence ‘off–on’ response via a Cu2+ displacement approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.