bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Wettability Alteration in Oil-Wet Reservoirs Containing Heavy Oil
Authors: Mohammed M. Almojtaba , Babadagli Tayfun
Published: April 2016

Solvent injection is an effective way to lower the viscosity of heavy oil and is considered when thermal techniques are not practically applicable. However, for the economic success of the method, large fractions of the injected solvent must be recovered. This requires further treatments of the reservoir, including water injection with chemicals to penetrate into the oil-wet matrix by changing the wettability. In this paper, we investigate the effect of wettability alteration of the oil-wet rock on solvent as well as oil recovery. Different wettability-alteration agents were tested, including cationic and anionic surfactants, ionic liquids, nanofluids, high-pH solutions, and low-salinity water. The potential of these materials to modify the wettability of aged sandstone and limestone samples was evaluated by use of imbibition tests. After conducting a total of 35 experiments, the most-promising wettability-alteration agents were identified to be anionic surfactants and high-pH solutions in addition to low-salinity water for the sandstone cases. Ion-pair interaction in sandstone and the dissolution of mixed-wet clay particles in carbonate are the main mechanisms of wettability alteration by those chemicals. Cationic surfactants and high-pH solutions were identified as the best wettability modifiers for the limestone samples. Although cationic surfactant changes the wettability by the ion-pair-interaction mechanism, the pH solution is believed to restore the water-wetness by decreasing the attraction forces between calcite and organic components. Ionic liquid at low concentration is able to alter the wettability of carbonate better than other conventional wettability modifiers. One important finding of this work is that solvent injection in heavy-oil-containing reservoirs is essential to condition the reservoir (i.e., to dilute the heavy oil before any wettability-alteration treatment can take place).
Arachidonic acid and fatty acid profiles as indicators of contamination from the leachates of animal carcasses
Authors: Lim Hyun-Hee , Shin Ho-Sang , Jeon Tae-Wan , Shin Sun-Kyoung , Jeung Young-Woo
Published: April 2016

Because many livestock with avian influenza and foot and mouth disease have been disposed of at landfills, underground water contamination is a big problem for people living near these landfills as well as burial sites. Biological oxygen demand (BOD), NH4, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride and potassium have been used as markers of contamination from the leachates of animal carcasses. However, livestock manure and vegetable oils from compost are also a source of these markers. In this study, we propose arachidonic acid (C20:4) as a specific indicator of leachates from animal carcasses, and the presence of arachidonic acid in underground water is suggested to be a potential marker of contamination from the leachates of animal carcasses. Based on the specific fatty acid composition, the fatty acid profiles of the carcass leachates, livestock manure and vegetable oil were examined, and multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses of the fatty acids showed pronounced differences between the carcass leachates, livestock manure and vegetable oils in this study. MDS analyses of fatty acids can also be used as a potential indicator of contamination from the leachates of animal carcasses in groundwater.
Reclaiming the lake
Authors: Rasmussen Mattias Borg
Published: April 2016

Since the early 1990s Peru has experienced an expansion in mining
activities and an expansion in what the Peruvian ombudsman defines as socioenvironmental
conflicts. This article examines the dynamics through which an environmental
issue is transformed into a matter of citizenship and social belonging
during a weeklong uprising in defense of Lake Conococha. Highlighting the collective
actions and personal narratives from participants in the region-wide blockade,
the article therefore seeks to understand how dispossessions of environmental
resources perceived as common property are cast in terms of individual rights
that move well beyond the site of conflict. It is therefore argued that the actions
to reclaim Lake Conococha were not only a battle for natural resources and clean
water, but more fundamentally an attempt to repossess a citizenship that may be
constitutionally secured but all too often fails to be a lived reality in the high Andes
of Peru.
Enemies of the people
Authors: Gotfredsen Katrine Bendtsen
Published: April 2016

This article connects a specific generational experience of having been dispossessed of former social status and political influence to suspicious theories of conspiracies and hidden connections. Th rough ethnographic cases from Georgia I argue that while acting as an explanatory framework for the personal experience of being economically and politically dispossessed, conspiracy theorizing may also work as an everyday means of reappropriating a morally meaningful social identity through the mirroring of a general form of political rhetoric and power. The theories analyzed in the article draw on socially and culturally recognizable registers and tap into a general atmosphere of suspicion and opacity in which mistrust of official accounts and rhetoric is reasonable and appealing. They thus work as a means of repacking generational and economical marginality into a broader framework that is of concern to the wider community and may be seen to represent an effort of reclaiming a moral high ground and being reinscribed into wider social and national domains.
Is anthropology legal?
Authors: Simpson Edward
Published: April 2016

This article is a contribution to the growing literature that suggests that
the methodological and writing practices of anthropology are out of kilter with the
times. The processual structures and regulative mechanisms that produce anthropological
knowledge were formed when objection and engagement were not the
almost-inevitable consequence of publication. Those who inform anthropological
research now frequently object to the ways they are represented. My argument
here focuses particularly on the relationship between the ethical structures of anthropology
and the nature of objection. Thus far, the consistent response from anthropologists
has been to explain away objections as differences in epistemology.
In this light, I draw on an objection to my own research on postdisaster reconstruction
in India to ask why there should not be disagreement between anthropologists
and those who inform research. I also illustrate why the epistemological
explanation is now insufficient and why new structures of research and writing
might be required to make the leap from an age of objection.
Memory Practices in the Classroom
Authors: Ahlrichs Johanna , Baier Katharina , Christophe Barbara , Macgilchrist Felicitas , Mielke Patrick , Richtera Roman
Published: April 2016

This article draws on memory studies and media studies to explore how
memory practices unfold in schools today. It explores history education as a media-
saturated cultural site in which particular social orderings and categorizations
emerge as commonsensical and others are contested. Describing vignettes from
ethnographic fieldwork in German secondary schools, this article identifies different
memory practices as a nexus of pupils, teachers, blackboards, pens, textbooks,
and online videos that enacts what counts as worth remembering today: reproduction;
destabilization without explicit contestation; and interruption. Exploring
mediated memory practices thus highlights an array of (often unintended) ways of
making the past present.
“Who Wants to Be Sad Over and Over Again?”
Authors: Krieg Lisa Jenny
Published: April 2016

Based on an ethnographic field study in Cologne, this article discusses the
connection between memory practices and emotion ideologies in Holocaust education,
using Sara Ahmed’s concept of affective economies. Moral goals, political
demands, and educators’ care for their students lead to tensions in the education
process. Two case studies illustrate how educators and learners express different,
often contradictory concepts of emotion. In these studies, emotions are selectively
opposed to rationality. In some contexts, emotions are considered inferior to facts
and obstacles to the learning process; in others, they are superior to facts because
they can communicate moral messages reliably.
Primary User Localization Algorithm Based on Compressive Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Ye Fang , Zhang Xun , Li Yibing , Huang Hui
Published: April 2016

In order to locate source signal more accurately in authorized frequency bands, a novel primary user localization algorithm based on compressive sensing (PU-CSL) in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is proposed in this paper. In comparison to existing centroid locating algorithms, PU-CSL shows higher locating accuracy for integrally exploring correlation between source signal and secondary users (SUs). Energy detection is first adopted for collecting the energy fingerprint of source signal at each SU, then degree of correlation between source signal and SUs is reconstructed based on compressive sensing (CS), which determines weights of centroid coordinates. A weighted centroid scheme is finally utilized to estimate source position. Simulation results show that PU-CSL has smaller maximum error of positioning and root-mean-square error. Moreover, the proposed PU-CSL algorithm possess excellent location accuracy and strong anti-noise performance.
A Six Degrees of Freedom Dynamic Wire-Driven Traverse
Authors: Lambert Thomas , Vukasinovic Bojan , Glezer Ari
Published: April 2016

A novel support mechanism for a wind tunnel model is designed, built, and demonstrated on an aerodynamic platform undergoing dynamic maneuvers, tested with periodic motions up to 20 Hz. The platform is supported by a 6-DOF (six degrees of freedom) traverse that utilizes eight thin wires, each mounted to a servo motor with an in-line load cell to accurately monitor or control the platform motion and force responses. The system is designed such that simultaneous control of the servo motors effects motion within ±50 mm translations, ±15° pitch, ±9° yaw, and ±8° roll at lower frequencies. The traverse tracks a desired trajectory and resolves the induced forces on the platform at 1 kHz. The effected motion of the platform is measured at 0.6 kHz with a motion capture system, which utilizes six near-infrared (NIR) cameras for full spatial and temporal resolution of the platform motion, which is used for feedback control. The traverse allows different platform model geometries to be tested, and the present work demonstrates its capabilities on an axisymmetric bluff body. Programmable timed outputs are synchronized relative to the model motion and can be used for triggering external systems and processes. In the present study, particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to characterize the realized wakes of the platform undergoing canonical motions that are effected by this new wind tunnel traverse.
Experimental Aeroelastic Models Design and Wind Tunnel Testing for Correlation with New Theory
Authors: Tang Deman , Dowell Earl
Published: April 2016

Several examples of experimental model designs, wind tunnel tests and correlation with new theory are presented in this paper. The goal is not only to evaluate a new theory, new computational method or new aeroelastic phonomenon, but also to provide new insights into nonlinear aeroelastic phenomena, flutter, limit cycle oscillation (LCO) and gust response.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Bilberry Extract Water-in-Oil Emulsions: Sensing the Water-Oil Interface
Authors: Kiefer Johannes , Frank Kerstin , Zehentbauer Florian , Schuchmann Heike
Published: April 2016

Water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions are of great interest in many areas of the life sciences, including food technology, bioprocess engineering, and pharmaceuticals. Such emulsions are complex multi-component systems and the molecular mechanisms which lead to a stable emulsion are yet to be fully understood. In this work, attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopy is applied to a series of w/o emulsions of an aqueous anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract dispersed in a medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil phase. The content of the emulsifier polyglycerin-polyricinoleat (PGPR) has been varied systematically in order to investigate whether or not its concentration has an impact on the molecular stabilization mechanisms. The molecular stabilization is accessed by a careful analysis of the IR spectrum, where changes in the vibrational frequencies and signal strengths indicate alterations of the molecular environment at the water/oil interface. The results suggest that adding emulsifier in excess of 1% by weight does not lead to an enhanced stabilization of the emulsion.
Operational Complexity of Supplier-Customer Systems Measured by Entropy—Case Studies
Authors: Lukáš Ladislav , Hofman Jiří
Published: April 2016

This paper discusses a unified entropy-based approach for the quantitative measurement of operational complexity of company supplier-customer relations. Classical Shannon entropy is utilized. Beside this quantification tool, we also explore the relations between Shannon entropy and (c,d)-entropy in more details. An analytic description of so called iso-quant curves is given, too. We present five case studies, albeit in an anonymous setting, describing various details of general procedures for measuring the operational complexity of supplier-customer systems. In general, we assume a problem-oriented database exists, which contains detailed records of all product forecasts, orders and deliveries both in quantity and time, scheduled and realized, too. Data processing detects important flow variations both in volumes and times, e.g., order—forecast, delivery—order, and actual production—scheduled one. The unifying quantity used for entropy computation is the time gap between actual delivery time and order issue time, which is nothing else but a lead time in inventory control models. After data consistency checks, histograms and empirical distribution functions are constructed. Finally, the entropy, information-theoretic measure of supplier-customer operational complexity, is calculated. Basic steps of the algorithm are mentioned briefly, too. Results of supplier-customer system analysis from selected Czech small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are presented in various computational and managerial decision making details. An enterprise is ranked as SME one, if it has at most 250 employees and its turnover does not exceed 50 million USD per year, or its balance sheet total does not exceed 43 million USD per year, alternatively.
Type and Proximity of Green Spaces Are Important for Preventing Cardiovascular Morbidity and Diabetes—A Cross-Sectional Study for Quebec, Canada
Authors: Ngom Roland , Gosselin Pierre , Blais Claudia , Rochette Louis
Published: April 2016

This study aimed at determining the role of proximity to specific types of green spaces (GSes) as well as their spatial location in the relationship with the most morbid cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes. We measured the accessibility to various types of GS and used a cross-sectional approach at census Dissemination Area (DA) levels in the Montreal and Quebec City metropolitan zones for the period 2006–2011. Poisson and negative binomial regression models were fitted to quantify the relationship between distances to specific types of GS and CVD morbidity as well as some risk factors (diabetes and hypertension) while controlling for several social and environmental confounders. GSes that have sports facilities showed a significant relationship to cerebrovascular diseases: the most distant population had an 11% higher prevalence rate ratio (PRR) compared to the nearest, as well as higher diabetes risk (PRR 9%) than the nearest. However, the overall model performance and the understanding of the role of GSes with sport facilities may be substantially achieved with lifestyle factors. Significantly higher prevalence of diabetes and cerebrovascular diseases as well as lower access to GSes equipped with sports facilities were found in suburban areas. GSes can advantageously be used to prevent some CVDs and their risk factors, but there may be a need to reconsider their types and location.
RNase 7 in Cutaneous Defense
Authors: Rademacher Franziska , Simanski Maren , Harder Jürgen
Published: April 2016

RNase 7 belongs to the RNase A superfamily and exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. RNase 7 is expressed in human skin, and expression in keratinocytes can be induced by cytokines and microbes. These properties suggest that RNase 7 participates in innate cutaneous defense. In this review, we provide an overview about the role of RNase 7 in cutaneous defense with focus on the molecular mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of RNase 7, the regulation of RNase 7 expression, and the role of RNase 7 in skin diseases.
Changes in Air CO2 Concentration Differentially Alter Transcript Levels of NtAQP1 and NtPIP2;1 Aquaporin Genes in Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Secchi Francesca , Schubert Andrea , Lovisolo Claudio
Published: April 2016

The aquaporin specific control on water versus carbon pathways in leaves is pivotal in controlling gas exchange and leaf hydraulics. We investigated whether Nicotiana tabacum aquaporin 1 (NtAQP1) and Nicotiana tabacum plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2;1 (NtPIP2;1) gene expression varies in tobacco leaves subjected to treatments with different CO2 concentrations (ranging from 0 to 800 ppm), inducing changes in photosynthesis, stomatal regulation and water evaporation from the leaf. Changes in air CO2 concentration ([CO2]) affected net photosynthesis (Pn) and leaf substomatal [CO2] (Ci). Pn was slightly negative at 0 ppm air CO2; it was one-third that of ambient controls at 200 ppm, and not different from controls at 800 ppm. Leaves fed with 800 ppm [CO2] showed one-third reduced stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E), and their gs was in turn slightly lower than in 200 ppm– and in 0 ppm–treated leaves. The 800 ppm air [CO2] strongly impaired both NtAQP1 and NtPIP2;1 gene expression, whereas 0 ppm air [CO2], a concentration below any in vivo possible conditions and specifically chosen to maximize the gene expression alteration, increased only the NtAQP1 transcript level. We propose that NtAQP1 expression, an aquaporin devoted to CO2 transport, positively responds to CO2 scarcity in the air in the whole range 0–800 ppm. On the contrary, expression of NtPIP2;1, an aquaporin not devoted to CO2 transport, is related to water balance in the leaf, and changes in parallel with gs. These observations fit in a model where upregulation of leaf aquaporins is activated at low Ci, while downregulation occurs when high Ci saturates photosynthesis and causes stomatal closure.
(5S)-5-[(4aR,8aS,9E,11S,13R,14S,16R,17R,19S)-11,19-Dihydroxy-8,10,13,16-tetramethyl-18-methylidene-3,4,5,6,8a,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21-hexadecahydro-2H-14,17-epoxybenzo[2,3]cyclohexadeca[1,2-b]pyridine-7-yl]-3-methylfuran-2(5H)-one (12-Methylgymnodimine B)
Authors: Strangman Wendy , Anttila Matthew , Tomas Carmelo , Wright Jeffrey
Published: April 2016

A new member of the gymnodimine class of spiroimine toxins has been isolated from a laboratory culture strain of Alexandrium ostenfeldii. Extensive one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR data analysis was used to elucidate its structure as 12-methylgymnodimine B.
Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles: From Synthesis to Materials Design for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Vichery Charlotte , Nedelec Jean-Marie
Published: April 2016

Thanks to their high biocompatibility and bioactivity, bioactive glasses are very promising materials for soft and hard tissue repair and engineering. Because bioactivity and specific surface area intrinsically linked, the last decade has seen a focus on the development of highly porous and/or nano-sized materials. This review emphasizes the synthesis of bioactive glass nanoparticles and materials design strategies. The first part comprehensively covers mainly soft chemistry processes, which aim to obtain dispersible and monodispersed nanoparticles. The second part discusses the use of bioactive glass nanoparticles for medical applications, highlighting the design of materials. Mesoporous nanoparticles for drug delivery, injectable systems and scaffolds consisting of bioactive glass nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer, implant coatings and particle dispersions will be presented.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Bioactive Six-Membered Heterocycles and Their Fused Analogues
Authors: Driowya Mohsine , Saber Aziza , Marzag Hamid , Demange Luc , Benhida Rachid , Bougrin Khalid
Published: April 2016

This review describes the formation of six-membered heterocyclic compounds and their fused analogues under microwave activation using modern organic transformations including cyclocondensation, cycloaddition, multicomponents and other modular reactions. The review is divided according to the main heterocycle types in order of increasing complexity, starting with heterocyclic systems containing one, two and three heteroatoms and their fused analogues. Recent microwave applications are reviewed, with special focus on the chemistry of bioactive compounds. Selected examples from the 2006 to 2015 literature are discussed.
RETRACTED: Structural and Magnetic Response in Bimetallic Core/Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Nairan Adeela , Khan Usman , Iqbal Munawar , Khan Maaz , Javed Khalid , Riaz Saira , Naseem Shahzad , Han Xiufeng
Published: April 2016

Bimagnetic monodisperse CoFe2O4/Fe3O4 core/shell nanoparticles have been prepared by solution evaporation route. To demonstrate preferential coating of iron oxide onto the surface of ferrite nanoparticles X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and Raman spectroscopy have been performed. XRD analysis using Rietveld refinement technique confirms single phase nanoparticles with average seed size of about 18 nm and thickness of shell is 3 nm, which corroborates with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Low temperature magnetic hysteresis loops showed interesting behavior. We have observed large coercivity 15.8 kOe at T = 5 K, whereas maximum saturation magnetization (125 emu/g) is attained at T = 100 K for CoFe2O4/Fe3O4 core/shell nanoparticles. Saturation magnetization decreases due to structural distortions at the surface of shell below 100 K. Zero field cooled (ZFC) and Field cooled (FC) plots show that synthesized nanoparticles are ferromagnetic till room temperature and it has been noticed that core/shell sample possess high blocking temperature than Cobalt Ferrite. Results indicate that presence of iron oxide shell significantly increases magnetic parameters as compared to the simple cobalt ferrite.
Wine Resveratrol: From the Ground Up
Authors: Bavaresco Luigi , Lucini Luigi , Busconi Matteo , Flamini Riccardo , De Rosso Mirko
Published: April 2016

The ability of the grapevine to activate defense mechanisms against some pathogens has been shown to be linked to the synthesis of resveratrol and other stilbenes by the plant (inducible viniferins). Metabolized viniferins may also be produced or modified by extracellular enzymes released by the pathogen in an attempt to eliminate undesirable toxic compounds. Because of the important properties of resveratrol, there is increasing interest in producing wines with higher contents of this compound and a higher nutritional value. Many biotic and abiotic elicitors can trigger the resveratrol synthesis in the berries, and some examples are reported. Under the same elicitation pressure, viticultural and enological factors can substantially affect the resveratrol concentration in the wine. The production of high resveratrol-containing grapes and wines relies on quality-oriented viticulture (suitable terroirs and sustainable cultural practices) and winemaking technologies that avoid degradation of the compound. In general, the oenological practices commonly used to stabilize wine after fermentation do not affect resveratrol concentration, which shows considerable stability. Finally the paper reports on two sirtuin genes (SIRT) expressed in grapevine leaves and berries and the role of resveratrol on the deacetylation activity of the encoded enzymes.
Sparsity-Aware DOA Estimation Scheme for Noncircular Source in MIMO Radar
Authors: Wang Xianpeng , Wang Wei , Li Xin , Liu Qi , Liu Jing
Published: April 2016

In this paper, a novel sparsity-aware direction of arrival (DOA) estimation scheme for a noncircular source is proposed in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. In the proposed method, the reduced-dimensional transformation technique is adopted to eliminate the redundant elements. Then, exploiting the noncircularity of signals, a joint sparsity-aware scheme based on the reweighted l 1 norm penalty is formulated for DOA estimation, in which the diagonal elements of the weight matrix are the coefficients of the noncircular MUSIC-like (NC MUSIC-like) spectrum. Compared to the existing l 1 norm penalty-based methods, the proposed scheme provides higher angular resolution and better DOA estimation performance. Results from numerical experiments are used to show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Thermal Radiofrequency Ablation as an Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Fan Yaohua , Zhu Xiyan , Lan Qiuping , Lou Fang , Zheng Yu , Lou Haizhou , Fang Yong , Jin Wei , Pan Hongming , Wang Kaifeng
Published: April 2016

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive technology for the treatment of liver malignancies and is used as an adjuvant therapy in patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CLM). This study enrolled a total of 49 CLM patients who underwent RFA treatment. Univariate and
multivariate analyses were performed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that OS was closely correlated with tumor size, frequency of RFA treatment, resection of the liver lesion, and CEA levels before RFA (p < 0.05).
Multivariate analysis revealed that resection of CLM lesions after RFA, frequency of RFA treatment, and serum CEA levels before RFA were independent risk factors for the survival of CLM patients (p < 0.05). Tumor lesion size, resection of the liver lesion after RFA,
frequency of RFA treatment, and serum CEA levels before RFA may be important prognostic factors of CLM patients treated with RFA therapy.
METHODS FOR COMPARING DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES ON THE SWEDISH REAL ESTATE MARKET
Authors: KATZLER Sigrid
Published: April 2016

This paper compares the effectiveness of different property portfolio diversification strat- egies using five methods; (1) correlation matrices, (2) efficient frontiers, (3) Sharpe ratios, using three different sub methods, (4) coefficients in equations explaining total returns and (5) R-square values in equations explaining total returns. The evaluation methods are applied to both value weighted and equally weighted indices based on Swedish real estate return data. All methods show that, if any, diversifying over property types is a better strategy on the Swedish market than diversifying over re- gions. No test yields significant support for regional diversification. The support for the property type strategy is stronger when using equally weighted indices.
STATISTICS OF LONG PERIOD GAS GIANT PLANETS IN KNOWN PLANETARY SYSTEMS
Authors: Bryan Marta L. , Knutson Heather A. , Howard Andrew W. , Ngo Henry , Batygin Konstantin , Crepp Justin R. , Fulton B. J. , Hinkley Sasha , Isaacson Howard , Johnson John A. , Marcy Geoffry W. , Wright Jason T.
Published: April 2016

We conducted a Doppler survey at Keck combined with NIRC2 K-band adaptive optics (AO) imaging to search for massive, long-period companions to 123 known exoplanet systems with one or two planets detected using the radial velocity (RV) method. Our survey is sensitive to Jupiter-mass planets out to 20 au for a majority of stars in our sample, and we report the discovery of eight new long-period planets, in addition to 20 systems with statistically significant RV trends that indicate the presence of an outer companion beyond 5 au. We combine our RV observations with AO imaging to determine the range of allowed masses and orbital separations for these companions, and account for variations in our sensitivity to companions among stars in our sample. We estimate the total occurrence rate of companions in our sample to be 52 ± 5% over the range 1–20 MJup and 5–20 au. Our data also suggest a declining frequency for gas giant planets in these systems beyond 3–10 au, in contrast to earlier studies that found a rising frequency for giant planets in the range 0.01–3 au. This suggests either that the frequency of gas giant planets peaks between 3 and 10 au, or that outer companions in these systems have a different semi-major axis distribution than the overall population of gas giant planets. Our results also suggest that hot gas giants may be more likely to have an outer companion than cold gas giants. We find that planets with an outer companion have higher average eccentricities than their single counterparts, suggesting that dynamical interactions between planets may play an important role in these systems.
POLARIZATION OF MAGNETIC DIPOLE EMISSION AND SPINNING DUST EMISSION FROM MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Hoang Thiem , Lazarian Alex
Published: April 2016

Magnetic dipole emission (MDE) from interstellar magnetic nanoparticles is potentially an important Galactic foreground in the microwave frequencies, and its polarization level may pose great challenges for achieving reliable measurements of cosmic microwave background B-mode signal. To obtain realistic predictions for the polarization of MDE, we first compute the degree of alignment of big silicate grains incorporated with magnetic inclusions. We find that thermally rotating big grains with magnetic inclusions are weakly aligned and can achieve alignment saturation when the magnetic alignment rate becomes much faster than the rotational damping rate. We then compute the degree of alignment for free-flying magnetic nanoparticles, taking into account various interaction processes of grains with the ambient gas and radiation field, including neutral collisions, ion collisions, and infrared emission. We find that the rotational damping by infrared emission can significantly decrease the degree of alignment of small particles from the saturation level, whereas the excitation by ion collisions can enhance the alignment of ultrasmall particles. Using the computed degrees of alignment, we predict the polarization level of MDE from free-flying magnetic nanoparticles to be rather low. Such a polarization level is within the upper limits measured for anomalous microwave emission (AME), which indicates that MDE from free-flying iron particles may not be ruled out as a source of AME. We also quantify rotational emission from free-flying iron nanoparticles with permanent magnetic moments and find that its emissivity is about one order of magnitude lower than that from spinning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
INTERSTELLAR NEUTRAL HELIUM IN THE HELIOSPHERE FROM IBEX OBSERVATIONS. IV. FLOW VECTOR, MACH NUMBER, AND ABUNDANCE OF THE WARM BREEZE
Authors: Kubiak Marzena A. , Swaczyna P. , Bzowski M. , Sokół J. M. , Fuselier S. A. , Galli A. , Heirtzler D. , Kucharek H. , Leonard T. W. , McComas D. J. , Möbius E. , Park J. , Schwadron N. A. , Wurz P.
Published: April 2016

Following the high-precision determination of the velocity vector and temperature of the pristine interstellar neutral (ISN) He via a coordinated analysis summarized by McComas et al., we analyzed the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observations of neutral He left out from this analysis. These observations were collected during the ISN observation seasons 2010–2014 and cover the region in the Earth's orbit where the Warm Breeze (WB) persists. We used the same simulation model and a parameter fitting method very similar to that used for the analysis of ISN He. We approximated the parent population of the WB in front of the heliosphere with a homogeneous Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution function and found a temperature of ∼9500 K, an inflow speed of 11.3 km s−1, and an inflow longitude and latitude in the J2000 ecliptic coordinates 251.°6, 12.°0. The abundance of the WB relative to ISN He is 5.7% and the Mach number is 1.97. The newly determined inflow direction of the WB, the inflow directions of ISN H and ISN He, and the direction to the center of the IBEX Ribbon are almost perfectly co-planar, and this plane coincides within relatively narrow statistical uncertainties with the plane fitted only to the inflow directions of ISN He, ISN H, and the WB. This co-planarity lends support to the hypothesis that the WB is the secondary population of ISN He and that the center of the Ribbon coincides with the direction of the local interstellar magnetic field (ISMF). The common plane for the direction of the inflow of ISN gas, ISN H, the WB, and the local ISMF is given by the normal direction: ecliptic longitude 349.°7 ± 0.°6 and latitude 35.°7 ± 0.6 in the J2000 coordinates, with a correlation coefficient of 0.85.
First record of Phanuropsis laniger Johnson in Brazil and first record of P. semiflaviventris Girault in Amazonas (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) with notes of their hosts, stink-bugs of cupuaçu
Authors: Mahlmann Thiago , Oliveira Bruno
Published: April 2016

We report the first record and collection of Phanuropsis laniger Johnson, 1987, for Brazil since its original description. In addition we expand the distribution of Phanuropsis semiflaviventris Girault, 1916, for Amazonas, Brazil and present an updated list of records for both species with the occurrence of P. semiflaviventris in egg of stink-bugs on cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum).

First record of Phanuropsis laniger Johnson, 1987, for Brazil. We also expanded the distribution of Phanuropsis semiflaviventris Girault, 1916, for the state of Amazonas, Brazil
Checklist of Serengeti Ecosystem Grasses
Authors: Williams Emma , Elia Ntandu John , Ficinski Paweł , Vorontsova Maria
Published: April 2016

We present the first taxonomic checklist of the Poaceae species of the Serengeti, Tanzania. A review of the literature and herbarium specimens recorded 200 species of grasses, in line with similar studies in other parts of East Africa. The checklist is supported by a total of 939 herbarium collections. Full georeferenced collection data is made available alongside a summary checklist in pdf format. More than a quarter of the species are known from a single collection highlighting the need for further research, especially concerning the rare species and their distribution.
France-Egypte : les raisons d’un réchauffement
Authors: Mourad Hicham
Published: April 2016

Les rapports entre l’Égypte et la France ont connu un réchauffement spectaculaire depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir du président Abdel-Fattah Al-Sissi en mai 2014. Ce rapprochement s’explique par trois raisons principales. La première est les ventes d’armes françaises au régime du Caire, qui ont poussé Paris à mettre en sourdine ses critiques sur la situation des droits de l’homme en Égypte. Celle-ci voulait, par ces acquisitions d’armes françaises, mais aussi russes, faire pression sur les États-Unis pour qu’ils reviennent à de meilleurs sentiments. Les rapports égypto-américains se sont tendus à la suite de la destitution du président Mohamed Morsi, issu des Frères musulmans, et des tentatives de Washington de faire pression sur Le Caire, via son assistance militaire, en matière de droits de l’homme et de démocratie. Enfin, la montée du terrorisme islamiste, qui a récemment frappé jusqu’au cœur de Paris, a poussé la France à voir en l’Égypte, qui mène une politique intérieure et régionale résolument anti-islamiste, un partenaire privilégié dans la lutte contre le terrorisme et un facteur de stabilité au Moyen-Orient.
Le Cœur est un autre
Authors: Baudin Marianne
Published: April 2016

La greffe, proposée au patient cardiaque dont la vie même est menacée, relance à la fois le désir et la peur de vivre et met par-dessus tout en lumière une représentation étrange : celle du cœur intermittent, inconstant et interchangeable. L’article en abordant les multiples fantasmes et problématiques psychiques pris dans cette proposition chirurgicale (don et de dette, familiarité/altérité de l’objet, angoisse et tabou de la mort, dé(et)recomposition du corps et sexualité, reprise des théories sexuelles infantiles, thématiques de monstruosité, théories infantiles de l’informe. remaniements des liens de filiation), les articule à la métapsychologie du Moi.
Computational Dynamics of Laser Alloyed Metallic Materials for Improved Corrosion Performance
Authors: Fatoba Olawale Samuel , Popoola Abimbola Patricia Idowu , Farotade Gabriel Ayokunle , Pityana Sisa Lesley
Published: April 2016

Laser alloying is a material processing method which utilizes the high power density available from defocused laser beam to melt both metal coatings and a part of the underlying substrate. Since melting occur solitary at the surface, large temperature gradients exist across the boundary between the melted surface region and underlying solid substrate, which results in rapid self-quenching and re-solidifications. Alloyed powders are deposited in a molten pool of the substrate material to improve the corrosion resistance of the substrate by producing corrosion resistant coatings. A 3D mathematical model is developed to obtain insights on the behaviour of laser melted pools subjected to various process parameters. Simulation with 3D model with different values of various significant processing parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and powder feed rate influences the geometry and dynamics of the melt pool, and cooling rates. It is expected that the melt pool flow, thermal and solidification characteristics will have a profound effect on the microstructure of the solidified region.
Lithogeochemical facies of Athabasca Basin clastics, Saskatchewan - the use of PCA as a reconnaissance and mapping tool
Authors: Ramaekers P , Bosman S A , Card C D
Published: April 2016

This study illustrates how Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of lithogeochemical data may be used to identify and map lithogeochemical facies using a regional-scale database of ca. 40,000 samples. This database also includes ca. 11,000 samples with enough
stratigraphic data to permit this to be done in three dimensions to a rudimentary degree. The facies distribution by stratigraphy and deposystems furthers the understanding of depositional, alteration history, and ore processes of the Athabasca Basin and its high-grade unconformity-related U
deposits.
PCA permits distinction and mapping of detrital and alteration facies, separating uraniferous detrital facies from those related to mineralization processes. The analysis helps to form working hypotheses about the ore systems in the basin, identify areas of further interest, as well as areas whose
high U values suggest that they might be important, but which, in fact, are not involved in the mineralization processes. Uranium bound in minerals released during partial dissolution techniques contributes less than a third of the U signal in the non-mineralized sandstone. Thus, immobile U not
related to alteration can mask the signal of hydrothermal U that still may be recognized by PCA. PCA also highlights potential large, but complex metal depleted zones around some of the major orebodies. If true, then the interpretation of low raw data element values or low U component scores from
PCA in a regional context is as important as the interpretation of high values. Samples from above or very near mafic intrusive suites in the basin show anomalously high and low values for some elements, as well as for a number of PCA components. This suggests that the mafic intrusions generated
hydrothermal systems of only limited extent.
Consistent with recent fluid-flow modelling, differences in alteration facies above and below the Wolverine Point Formation show that the unit was an aquitard. Low levels of alteration facies in the basal unit in the Athabasca Basin imply that it was an aquifer in many areas. Both these observations
reinforce long-standing field observations.
De la restauración a la conservación; de la estética a la ética
Authors: Bellini Amedeo
Published: April 2016

Este texto reivindica la cultura de la conservación el monumento como una actitud ética que, al contrario de lo que cabría pensar, renuncia a ser prisionera del pasado para proyectar en el futuro. El autor censura el historicismo inherente al concepto de restauración y clama por la conservación, que rechaza toda jerarquía de valores históricos basada en interpretaciones sumarias de la historiografía para afirmar el sólido valor potencial del testimonio arquitectónico.
Mangrove Forest against Dyke-break induced Tsunami in Rapidly Subsiding Coasts
Authors: Takagi Hiroshi , Mikami Takahito , Fujii Daisuke , Esteban Miguel
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Thin coastal dykes typically found in developing countries may suddenly collapse due to rapid land subsidence, material aging, sea-level rise, high wave attack or a collision with vessels. Such a failure could trigger a dam-break tsunami-type flood, or dyke-break induced tsunami, a possibility which has so far been overlooked in the field of coastal disaster science and management. To analyze the potential consequences of one such flooding event caused by a dyke failure, a detailed hydrodynamic model was constructed based on the authors’ field surveys of a vulnerable coastal location in Jakarta, Indonesia. Under a 2-m land subsidence scenario – which is expected to take place in the study area after only 10 years, the model results show that the flood waters rapidly rise to a height of nearly 3 m, resembling the flooding pattern of earthquake-induced tsunamis. The depth–velocity product criteria suggests that many of the narrow pedestrian paths behind the dyke could experience strong flows, which are far greater than the safe limits that would allow pedestrian evacuation. A couple of alternative scenarios were also considered to investigate how such flood impacts could be mitigated by creating a mangrove belt in front of the dyke as an additional safety measure. The dyke-break induced tsunamis, which in many areas are far more likely than regular earthquake tsunamis, cannot be overlooked and thus should be considered in disaster management and urban planning along the coasts of many developing countries.
Is the Lorentz Factor a Probability Function in Superfluid Spacetime?
Authors: Cantor Jerome
Published: April 2016

A number of studies indicate that spacetime may have properties resembling that of a superfluid, suggesting that percolation theory may provide a useful approach to studying the relationship between velocity and time. By hypothesizing that the effect described by the Lorentz factor may represent an increase in the viscosity of spacetime, it was possible to model time dilation in terms of the movement of a fluid through porous media. Using a random resistor network to equate superfluid percolation with conductance, it is shown that the Lorentz factor corresponds to a probability function involving the phase transition of the superfluid to a normal fluid with insulating properties.
Use of Auxiliary Variables and Asymptotically Optimum Estimators in Double Sampling
Authors: Kanwai M. E. , Asiribo O. E. , Isah A.
Published: April 2016

This paper explore the need for exploiting auxiliary variables in sample survey and utilizing asymptotically optimum estimator in double sampling to increase the efficiency of estimators. The study proposed two types of estimators with two auxiliary variables for two phase sampling when there is no information about auxiliary variables at population level. The expressions for the Mean Squared Error (MSE) of the proposed estimators were derived to the first order of approximation. An empirical comparative approach of the minimum variances and percent relative efficiency were adopted to study the efficiency of the proposed and existing estimators. It was established that, the proposed estimators performed more efficiently than the mean per unit estimator and other previous estimators that don’t use auxiliary variable and that are not asymptotically optimum. Also, it was established that estimators that are asymptotically optimum that utilized single auxiliary variable are more efficient than those that are not asymptotically optimum with two auxiliary variables.
Determining Attitudes towards Pedagogical Teacher Training: A Scale Development Study
Authors: Aydin Hasan , Aslan Dolgun
Published: April 2016

Education is the key to raising generations that are modern, democratic, productive, diligent, understanding, perceptive, critical and inquisitive. Teacher education is more important today than it has been in half a century. Thus, teachers are so significant to education and scholars argue that teacher quality is the most important within-school factor affecting student performance because great teachers help create great students. In fact, research shows that an inspiring and informed teacher is the most important school-related factor influencing student achievement, so it is critical to pay close attention to how we train and support both new and experienced educators (Edutopia, 2008). The Republic of Turkey has made great efforts to train teachers and meet the demand for teachers. Pedagogical teacher training is a part of this effort. This study will help determine the attitudes of teacher candidates towards the Pedagogical teacher training they receive, and in this regard the purpose of this study is to develop a measurement tool that can be utilized in future studies. The study showed that “The Attitude Scale towards Pedagogical Teacher Training (PFETO)” is a valid and reliable tool. PFETO is a valid and reliable data collection tool for future studies on attitudes towards Pedagogical Teacher Training.
The Effect of Manipulatives on Mathematics Achievement and Attitudes of Secondary School Students
Authors: Kontas Hakki
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of manipulatives (concrete learning materials) both on the academic achievement of secondary school students in mathematics and on their attitudes towards mathematics. Pretest-posttest control group experimental model, which is one of the quasi-experimental research designs, was used in the study. The study group consisted of 48 seventh grade students (24 in experiment group and 24 in control group) studying in a state school in the Southeastern Region of Turkey in 2014-2015 school year. The ages of students range between 13 and 14. Mathematics achievement test and mathematics attitude scale were applied in order to collect the research data. As a result of the research, posttest mathematics academic achievement scores of experiment and control groups were found to differ significantly in favor of posttests in both groups. The scores of attitude towards mathematics for experiment and control groups were significantly different in posttests in favor of the experiment group.