bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of helical elongation of symmetric oxa[n]helicenes on their structural, photophysical, and chiroptical characteristics
Authors: Salem Mohamed S. H. , Sharma Rubal , Suzuki Seika , Imai Yoshitane , Arisawa Mitsuhiro , Takizawa Shinobu
Published: May 2024

The adjustment of the main helical scaffold in helicenes is a fundamental strategy for modulating their optical features, thereby enhancing their potential for diverse applications. This work explores the influence of helical elongation (n = 5–9) on the structural, photophysical, and chiroptical features of symmetric oxa[n]helicenes. Crystal structure analyses revealed structural variations with helical extension, impacting torsion angles, helical pitch, and packing arrangements. Through theoretical investigations using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the impact of helical extension on aromaticity, planarity distortion, and heightened chiral stability were discussed. Photophysical features were studied through spectrophotometric analysis, with insights gained through time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations. Following optical resolution via chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the chiroptical properties of both enantiomers of oxa[7]helicene and oxa[9]helicene were investigated. A slight variation in the main helical scaffold of oxa[n]helicenes from [7] to [9] induced an approximately three‐fold increase in dissymmetry factors with the biggest values of|glum| of oxa[9]helicene (2.2 × 10−3) compared to|glum|of oxa[7]helicene (0.8 × 10−3), findings discussed and supported by TD‐DFT calculations.
Circular dichroism spectrum of (R)‐(+)‐3,3′‐dibromo‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol in albumin: Alterations caused by complexation—Experimental and in silico investigation
Authors: Ximenes Valdecir Farias , Yoguim Maurício Ikeda , de Souza Aguinaldo Robinson , Morgon Nelson Henrique
Published: May 2024

This study describes the interaction of human serum albumin (HSA) with the binol derivative (R)‐(+)‐3,3′‐dibromo‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (R‐BrB), which has its optical activity based on the prohibitive energetic barrier for conversion into the enantiomer (S)‐(+)‐3,3′‐dibromo‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (S‐BrB). The objective was to assess the ability of HSA to differentiate axial enantiomers based on their binding efficiency and their impact on the CD spectra. We discovered that both enantiomers were effective ligands, and the CD signal disappeared when equimolar amounts of R‐BrB and S‐BrB were simultaneously added, indicating no preference for either enantiomer. The complexation resulted in a significant signal increase at 250 nm and a bathochromic effect at 370 nm. Molecular docking simulations were performed, and the lower energy pose of R‐BrB was selected for DFT calculations. The theoretical CD spectra of free and complexed R‐BrB were obtained and showed alterations corroborating the experimental results. By comparing the difference spectrum (HSA:R‐BrB minus HSA) with the spectrum of free RBrB in water or ethyl alcohol, we concluded that the CD signal intensification was due to the increased solubilization of R‐BrB upon binding to HSA.
Nanostructured ZnO‐CQD Hybrid Heterostructure Nanocomposites: Synergistic Engineering for Sustainable Design, Functional Properties, and High‐Performance Applications
Authors: Mishra Raghvendra Kumar , Chianella Iva , Sarkar Jayati , Yazdani Nezhad Hamed , Goel Saurav
Published: May 2024

Hybrid nanocomposites integrating nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with designed heterostructures possess exceptional optical and electronic properties. These properties hold immense potential for advancements across diverse scientific and technological fields. This review article investigates the synthesis, properties, and applications of ZnO‐CQD heterostructure nanocomposites. Recent breakthroughs in fabrication methods are examined, including hydrothermal, microwave‐assisted, and eco‐friendly techniques. Key preparation methods such as sol‐gel, co‐precipitation, and electrochemical deposition are discussed, emphasizing their role in controlling heterostructure formation. This review analyses the impact of heterostructures on optical and electronic properties, such as fluorescence, photoluminescence, and photocatalytic activity. Synergistic interactions between ZnO and CQDs within heterostructures are highlighted, demonstrating how they lead to substantial performance improvements. Applications of ZnO‐CQD heterostructures span solar cells, LEDs, photodetectors, water purification, antimicrobial treatments, gas sensing, catalysis, biomedical imaging, drug delivery, environmental sensing, and energy storage. Insights are provided into refining synthesis methods, enhancing characterisation techniques, and broadening the application landscape. Challenges like stability are addressed, along with strategies for optimised performance and practical implementation. This comprehensive review offers a thorough understanding of ZnO‐CQD heterostructure nanocomposites, emphasising their significance within materials science and engineering. By addressing core concepts and future directions, it lays a foundation for continued innovation in this dynamic field.
Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to CO via Cu2O/C/PTFE Nanowires Photocathodes
Authors: Zhang Xun , Wang Jingkun , Liu Yuliang , Sun Jidong , Xu Bingshe , Li Tianbao
Published: May 2024

The consumption of fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, causing a serious greenhouse effect. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of CO2 to chemical fuels is an effective way to alleviate the current energy and environmental crisis. However, it is still difficult to rationally design efficient PEC CO2 reduction photocathodes. Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a promising photocathode material, but its surface is susceptible to the accumulation of photogenerated electrons leading to corrosion and activity reduction, and is accompanied by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), both of which lead to the overall low conversion efficiency of CO2 reduction by Cu2O. In this study, the PEC CO2 conversion efficiency was improved by the synergistic effect of the C electron transport layer to accelerate the electron transfer to alleviate the Cu2O corrosion problem and the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hydrophobic layer to inhibit the HER. The test showed that the CO yield of Cu2O/C/PTFE at the optimum potential (−0.7 V vs. RHE) was 54.6 μmol cm−2 h−1, which was 3.2 times higher than that of pure Cu2O. This study provides a facile strategy for constructing an efficient photocathode with great potential for CO2 reduction.
Culturally adapted cognitive assessment tool for Indigenous communities in Brazil: Content, construct, and criterion validity
Authors: Bezerra Camila Carlos , Toledo Noeli das Neves , da Silva Diego Ferreira , da Silva Fernanda Carini , Duarte Vanessa Vasconcellos , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Giudice Dina Lo , Fonseca Luciana Mascarenhas , Souza‐Talarico Juliana Nery
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Initial dementia prevalence estimates have revealed a significant burden of the disease in Indigenous communities in Amazonas, Brazil. However, the need for culturally adapted cognitive tools poses a critical challenge when assessing cognitive performance in these communities. This study addressed this issue by culturally adapting and providing validity indicators for the Brazilian Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (BRICA) tool in Manaus, Brazil's urban multiethnic Indigenous community.

METHODS

Using a three‐stage process and a stakeholder‐engaged approach, the BRICA tool was culturally adapted in an urban multiethnic Indigenous community from Manaus, Brazil. The content validity index (CVI) examined inter‐rater concordance between experts, while criterion and concurrent validity were performed using diagnostic consensus criteria in 141 Indigenous participants aged ≥ 50 years.

RESULTS

Findings showed evidence of content validity in terms of equivalence aspects (scale CVI [S‐CVI] 0.93) and relevance ratings (S‐CVI 0.85) between expert panels. The identified cut‐off score of ≤ 33/39 on the BRICA demonstrated a sensitivity of 94.4%, specificity of 99.2%, positive predictive value of 94.4%, and negative predictive value of 99.2% for dementia diagnosis.

DISCUSSION

Using a stakeholder‐engaged approach, we culturally adapted the BRICA tool for a Brazilian urban multiethnic Indigenous community. This comprehensive adaptation process resulted in favorable indicators of content, construct, and criteria validity for the BRICA tool. By addressing the existing bias in cognitive assessment within Indigenous communities, the BRICA tool represents a noteworthy breakthrough. Its implementation exhibits potential for improving the early detection and management of dementia among Indigenous groups.

Highlights

Culturally sensitive tools are essential to assess cognition in Indigenous populations.

An expert panel and stakeholders’ perspectives were incorporated to design the Brazilian Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (BRICA) tool.

A cognitive screening tool was adapted and validated using a stakeholder approach.

BRICA is the first culturally sensitive cognitive tool for urban Brazilian Indigenous individuals.
Unique and interactive effects of threat and deprivation on latent trait cortisol among emerging adults
Authors: Stroud Catherine B. , Chen Frances R. , Navarro Esmeralda , Gim Haelynn , Benjamin Isabel , Doane Leah D.
Published: May 2024

Though considerable work supports the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology, prior research has not tested whether the dimensions—threat (e.g., abuse) and deprivation (e.g., neglect)—are uniquely related to salivary trait indicators of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity. We examined the unique and interactive effects of threat and deprivation on latent trait cortisol (LTC)—and whether these effects were modified by co‐occurring adversities. Emerging adults (n = 90; Mage = 19.36 years; 99.88% cisgender women) provided salivary cortisol samples four times a day (waking, 30 min and 45 min postwaking, bedtime) over three 3‐day measurement waves over 13 weeks. Contextual life stress interviews assessed early adversity. Though the effects varied according to the conceptualization of early adversity, overall, threat—but not deprivation, nor other co‐occurring adversities—was uniquely associated with the across‐wave LTC. Specifically, the incidence and frequency of threat were each negatively related to the across‐wave LTC. Threat severity was also associated with the across‐wave LTC, but only among those with no deprivation. Finally, the effects of threat were modified by other co‐occurring adversities. Findings suggest that threat has unique implications for individual differences in HPA axis activity among emerging adults, and that co‐occurring adversities modify such effects.
Dapagliflozin and quality of life measured using the EuroQol 5‐dimension questionnaire in patients with heart failure with reduced and mildly reduced/preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Yang Mingming , Kondo Toru , Talebi Atefeh , Jhund Pardeep S. , Docherty Kieran F. , Claggett Brian L. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Bachus Erasmus , Hernandez Adrian F. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Martinez Felipe A. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Desai Akshay S. , Køber Lars , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S. , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Although much is known about the usefulness of heart failure (HF)‐specific instruments for assessing patient well‐being, less is known about the value of generic instruments for the measurement of health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in HF. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the EuroQol 5‐dimension 5‐level (EQ‐5D‐5L) visual analogue scale (VAS) and index scores, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in patients with HF and the effect of dapagliflozin on these scores.

Methods and results

We performed a patient‐level pooled analysis of the DAPA‐HF and DELIVER trials, which investigated the effectiveness and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and mildly reduced/preserved ejection fraction (HFmrEF/HFpEF), respectively. Patients reporting higher (better) EQ‐5D‐5L VAS and index scores had a lower prevalence of comorbidities, including atrial fibrillation and hypertension, than patients with a worse score. They were also more likely to have better investigator‐reported (New York Heart Association class) and patient‐self‐reported (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire) health status and lower median N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels. Compared to patients with the lowest scores (Q1), those with higher EQ‐5D‐5L VAS scores had better outcomes: the hazard ratio for the composite of cardiovascular death or worsening HF was 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.72–0.91) in Q2, 0.74 (0.65–0.84) in Q3, and 0.62 (0.54–0.72) in Q4. The risk of each component of the composite outcome, and all‐cause death, was also lower in patients with better scores. Similar findings were observed for the index score. Treatment with dapagliflozin improved both EQ‐5D‐5L VAS and index scores across the range of ejection fraction.

Conclusions

Both higher (better) EQ‐5D‐5L VAS and index scores were associated with better outcomes. Dapagliflozin treatment improved EQ‐5D‐5L VAS and index scores, irrespective of ejection fraction.
AIoT‐enhanced health management system using soft and stretchable triboelectric sensors for human behavior monitoring
Authors: Xu Liang , Zhong Songyi , Yue Tao , Zhang Zixuan , Lu Xiao , Lin Yangqiao , Li Long , Tian Yingzhong , Jin Tao , Zhang Quan , Lee Chengkuo
Published: May 2024

Sedentary, inadequate sleep and exercise can affect human health. Artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) create the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), providing the possibility to solve these problems. This paper presents a novel approach to monitor various human behaviors for AIoT‐based health management using triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) sensors. The insole with solely one TENG sensor, creating a most simplified system that utilizes machine learning (ML) for personalized motion monitoring, encompassing identity recognition and gait classification. A cushion with 12 TENG sensors achieves real‐time identity and sitting posture recognition with accuracy rates of 98.86% and 98.40%, respectively, effectively correcting sedentary behavior. Similarly, a smart pillow, equipped with 15 sensory channels, detects head movements during sleep, identifying 8 sleep patterns with 96.25% accuracy. Ultimately, constructing an AIoT‐based health management system to analyze these data, displaying health status through human‐machine interfaces, offers the potential to help individuals maintain good health.

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SPECT postprocessing for epileptogenic focus localization: SISCOM versus ISAS
Authors: van Klink Nicole , Gebbink Tineke , Ferrier Cyrille , Hobbelink Monique , Tolboom Nelleke , Noordmans Herke Jan
Published: May 2024

Objective

Ictal SPECT can be used as an estimate for the epileptogenic zone in people with focal epilepsy. Subtraction of ictal and interictal SPECT scans reveals the area with significant ictal hyperperfusion. Some methods use a control database to also correct for physiological variance. This control database is ideally scanner specific, but it is not trivial to obtain such a database because of ethical issues. In this study, we used a publicly available control database to compare ictal‐interictal SPECT analyzed by SPM (ISAS) with the most commonly used subtraction ictal SPECT co‐registered to MRI (SISCOM).

Methods

Ictal and interictal SPECTs of 26 patients (age range: 7–50 years, 15 adults, 11 children) with focal drug resistant epilepsy in workup for epilepsy surgery were retrospectively analyzed using both SISCOM and ISAS. The control database for ISAS was obtained from the ISAS website. Two groups of blinded reviewers determined the location of ictal hyperperfusion in all datasets. Results were compared between subtraction algorithms and with the resected area (if available) or the suspected epileptogenic zone. The number of significant clusters and the locations of maximum hyperperfusion were compared between algorithms.

Results

The location of ISAS and SISCOM hyperperfusion was the same in 14 patients (54%). ISAS localized in 6 patients where SISCOM did not. Compared to the resected area or suspected epileptogenic zone, SISCOM correctly localized in 55%, while ISAS did in 65% (not significantly different). ISAS shows significantly less clusters than SISCOM. The maximum hyperperfusion was in the reviewer's location in 65% for ISAS and 38% for SISCOM.

Significance

ISAS using a publicly available control database gives comparable or better results than SISCOM. ISAS results are easier to interpret than SISCOM results. We show that ISAS is a reliable alternative for SISCOM, which could easily be implemented in epilepsy surgery clinics.

Plain Language Summary

We explored the effectiveness of ISAS as an alternative to the widely used SISCOM for assessing SPECT scans in epilepsy surgery candidates. Utilizing a publicly available control database, we compared the two methods in 26 patients. The results indicate that ISAS might offer increased accuracy and interpretability, making it a promising option, especially for centers without access to a specific control dataset.
In vivo structural connectivity of the reward system along the hippocampal long axis
Authors: Elliott Blake L. , Mohyee Raana A. , Ballard Ian C. , Olson Ingrid R. , Ellman Lauren M. , Murty Vishnu P.
Published: May 2024

Recent work has identified a critical role for the hippocampus in reward‐sensitive behaviors, including motivated memory, reinforcement learning, and decision‐making. Animal histology and human functional neuroimaging have shown that brain regions involved in reward processing and motivation are more interconnected with the ventral/anterior hippocampus. However, direct evidence examining gradients of structural connectivity between reward regions and the hippocampus in humans is lacking. The present study used diffusion MRI (dMRI) and probabilistic tractography to quantify the structural connectivity of the hippocampus with key reward processing regions in vivo. Using a large sample of subjects (N = 628) from the human connectome dMRI data release, we found that connectivity profiles with the hippocampus varied widely between different regions of the reward circuit. While the dopaminergic midbrain (ventral tegmental area) showed stronger connectivity with the anterior versus posterior hippocampus, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex showed stronger connectivity with the posterior hippocampus. The limbic (ventral) striatum demonstrated a more homogeneous connectivity profile along the hippocampal long axis. This is the first study to generate a probabilistic atlas of the hippocampal structural connectivity with reward‐related networks, which is essential to investigating how these circuits contribute to normative adaptive behavior and maladaptive behaviors in psychiatric illness. These findings describe nuanced structural connectivity that sets the foundation to better understand how the hippocampus influences reward‐guided behavior in humans.
Food‐derived extracellular vesicles in the human gastrointestinal tract: Opportunities for personalised nutrition and targeted therapeutics
Authors: Turner Natalie P.
Published: May 2024

Food‐derived extracellular vesicles (FDEVs) such as those found in mammalian milk and plants are of great interest for both their health benefits and ability to act as biological nanocarriers. While the extracellular vesicle (EV) field is expanding rapidly to perform characterisation studies on FDEVs from plants, yeasts and bacteria, species‐specific differences in EV uptake and function in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract are poorly understood. Moreover, the effects of food processing on the EV surfaceome and intraluminal content also raises questions surrounding biological viability once consumed. Here, I present a case for increasing community‐wide focus on understanding the cellular uptake of FDEVs from different animal, plant, yeast, and bacterial species and how this may impact their function in the human, which will have implications for human health and therapeutic strategies alike.
Transdermal bisoprolol for prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Andrew G. , Banga Sandeep , Ang Qi Xuan , Atti Lalitsiri , Ghnaima Harith , AlAttal Saif , Banga Preeti , Wilcox Matthew D.
Published: May 2024

Background

The transdermal patch of bisoprolol available in Japan has been reported to demonstrate superior efficacy in preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation, possibly surpassing its oral counterpart. However, there has been no systematic review and meta‐analysis assessing the efficacy of transdermal bisoprolol.

Methods

A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane to identify all relevant studies assessing the efficacy of transdermal bisoprolol in preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation. The search covered studies from inception up to December 4, 2023. For data analysis, Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 software was employed, using a random‐effects model to calculate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Three studies, comprising a total of 551 patients (transdermal bisoprolol 228 and control 323), were included. There was a decreased risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation or atrial tachyarrhythmias in patients treated with transdermal bisoprolol (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.27–0.67, p = .0002, I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

Transdermal administration of bisoprolol has consistently shown efficacy, and this pooled analysis supports its effectiveness. The heterogeneity of the included studies limits certain interpretations. Future randomized clinical trials may elucidate the superiority of transdermal administration over oral administration.
Early‐life nutrition is associated with processing speed at age 5 in children born preterm with very low birth weight
Authors: Bando Nicole , Sato Julie , Taylor Margot J. , Tomlinson Christopher , Unger Sharon , Asbury Michelle R. , Law Nicole , O'Connor Deborah L.
Published: May 2024

Objective

Processing speed is suboptimal among preterm‐born children which is of concern as it is a foundational skill supporting higher‐level cognitive functions. The study objective was to evaluate associations between early‐life nutrition and processing speed in childhood.

Methods

Macronutrient and human milk (mother's own, donor) intakes from 137 children born preterm with very low birth weight enrolled in a nutrition feeding trial were included. Processing speed was evaluated at age 5 using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence‐fourth edition Processing Speed Index. Associations between early‐life nutrition and processing speed were explored through linear regression.

Results

Children had a mean (standard deviation [SD]) birth gestational age of 28.1 (2.5) weeks, weight of 1036 (260) g and 52% were male. The mean (SD) assessment age was 5.7 (0.2) years. Sex‐dependent relationships were identified between first postnatal month protein, lipid and energy intakes and processing speed at 5 years. For females, lower protein (per 0.1 g/kg/d: −0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.53, −0.23; p = 0.01) and energy (per 10 kcal/kg/d: −2.38, 95% CI: −4.70, −0.05; p = 0.03) intakes were related to higher processing speed scores. Mother's milk provision was positively associated (per 10% increase: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.37; p = 0.01) and donor milk was negatively associated (per 10% increase: −1.15, 95% CI: −2.22, −0.08; p = 0.04) with processing speed scores; no sex differences were observed.

Conclusions

First postnatal month nutrition was related to processing speed at age 5 in children born preterm with very low birth weight. Early‐life nutrition that supports processing speed may be leveraged to improve later cognitive outcomes for this vulnerable population.
Tryptophan deficiency induced by indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 results in glucose transporter 1‐dependent promotion of aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liang Heng , Zhan Jiani , Chen Yunqiu , Xing Zikang , He Zhen Ning Tony , Liu Yuying , Li Xuewen , Chen Yijia , Li Zhiyao , Kuang Chunxiang , Yang Dan , Yang Qing
Published: May 2024

Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the key enzyme in the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) through kynurenine pathway, induces immune tolerance and is considered as a critical immune checkpoint, but its impacts as a metabolism enzyme on glucose and lipid metabolism are overlooked. We aim to clarify the potential role of IDO1 in aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer (PC). Analysis of database revealed the positive correlation in PC between the expressions of IDO1 and genes encoding important glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). It was found that IDO1 could modulate glycolysis and glucose uptake in PC cells, Trp deficiency caused by IDO1 overexpression enhanced glucose uptake by stimulating GLUT1 translocation to the plasma membrane of PC cells. Besides, Trp deficiency caused by IDO1 overexpression suppressed the apoptosis of PC cells via promoting glycolysis, which reveals the presence of IDO1–glycolysis–apoptosis axis in PC. IDO1 inhibitors could inhibit glycolysis, promote apoptosis, and exhibit robust therapeutic efficacy when combined with GLUT1 inhibitor in PC mice. Our study reveals the function of IDO1 in the glucose metabolism of PC and provides new insights into the therapeutic strategy for PC.
Exploring Cardiovascular Autonomic Function before and after Chronic Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Cani Ilaria , Giannini Giulia , Guaraldi Pietro , Barletta Giorgio , Sambati Luisa , Baldelli Luca , Cortelli Pietro , Calandra‐Buonaura Giovanna
Published: May 2024

Background

Blood pressure control in Parkinson's disease (PD) under subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) is influenced by several intertwined aspects, including autonomic failure and levodopa treatment.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of chronic STN‐DBS, levodopa, and their combination on cardiovascular autonomic functions in PD.

Methods

We performed cardiovascular reflex tests (CRTs) before and 6‐months after STN‐DBS surgery in 20 PD patients (pre‐DBS vs. post‐DBS). CRTs were executed without and with medication (med‐OFF vs. med‐ON).

Results

CRT results and occurrence of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (OH) did not differ between pre‐ and post‐DBS studies in med‐OFF condition. After levodopa intake, the BP decrease during HUTT was significantly greater compared to med‐OFF, both at pre‐DBS and post‐DBS evaluation. Levodopa‐induced OH was documented in 25% and 5% of patients in pre‐DBS/med‐ON and post‐DBS/med‐ON study.

Conclusion

Chronic stimulation did not influence cardiovascular responses, while levodopa exerts a relevant hypotensive effect. The proportion of patients presenting levodopa‐induced OH decreases after STN‐DBS surgery.
A framework for estimating the matric suction in unsaturated soils using multiple artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Wang Junjie , Vanapalli Sai
Published: May 2024

Implementation of the state‐of‐the‐art understanding of the mechanics of unsaturated soils into geotechnical engineering practice is partly limited due to the lack of quick, reliable, and economical techniques for matric suction measurement. Matric suction is one of the key stress state variables that significantly influences the hydro‐mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils. In this paper, to address this objective, two artificial intelligence (AI) models were developed for estimating matric suction in unsaturated soils based on the particle swarm optimization support vector regression (PSO‐SVR) and multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) algorithms. The results suggest that both these models can reasonably estimate matric suction. Compared to the MARS model, the PSO‐SVR model can achieve higher accuracy. Nonetheless, the MARS model facilitates the sensitivity analysis and the selection of essential inputs. A novel integrated framework is proposed and validated, leveraging the strengths, and alleviating the limitations of the PSO‐SVR and MARS algorithms for reliable and rapid estimation of matric suction in the range of 0–1500 kPa for low plastic soils (0 < Ip ≤ 7). Six inputs are required to use this model successfully; some can be measured using conventional laboratory tests, and others can be calculated from mass‐volume relationships.
More doctors in town now? Evidence from Medicaid expansions
Authors: Huh Jason , Lin Jianjing
Published: May 2024

We examine how physicians’ practice locations are affected by Medicaid expansions. We focus on the dramatic Medicaid eligibility expansions for pregnant women that took place between the early 1980s and the early 1990s. Following a recently‐developed estimation strategy, we identify the change in OB/GYN supply due to the expansions in an event‐study framework. We find that OB/GYN counts per capita grew post‐expansion and the increase persisted for years. Our results are mainly driven by early‐career OB/GYNs and concentrated in densely populated or poor counties. Our results show that Medicaid coverage rules could be an important determinant of physician location choice.
A Novel Method for Liraglutide Synthesis and Purification
Authors: Barredo‐Vacchelli Gabriela R. , Rodríguez Jésica A. , Eloy Joaquin A. , Camperi Silvia A.
Published: May 2024

Liraglutide, developed by Novo Nordisk, is applied in Type 2 diabetes and obesity treatment. Several solid‐phase peptide synthesis protocols were designed for its production. However, current protocols are expensive and many of them are difficult to scale‐up. In this study, a novel alternative for liraglutide production was developed. The peptide was elongated by Fmoc/tBu solid‐phase peptide synthesis on 4‐hydroxymethylbenzoyl–ChemMatrix (HMBA‐CM) resin using the chaotropic agent LiCl as an additive to prevent peptide aggregation. After elongation, removal of side‐chain protecting groups and peptide cleavage from the resin was performed by a two‐stage procedure. Side‐chain protecting groups were removed with 92.5% TFA, leaving the unprotected peptide attached to the solid support. The resin was thoroughly washed to eliminate the contaminants. Next, peptide release was achieved by treating the peptidyl resin with NaOH 0.1 N. This two‐stage procedure assures a high‐purity product without the need of using a large amount of ether as in previous protocols. Finally, liraglutide was purified by hydrophobic interaction with low‐pressure liquid chromatography (HI‐LPLC) instead of using the expensive RP‐HPLC applied in reported methods. This simple and economic method resulted in a high yield and a purity product while overcoming the high cost and difficulties of current processes.
Stressful life events and the occurrence of skin cancer
Authors: Shidlo Noa , Lazarov Aneta , Benyamini Yael
Published: May 2024

Objective

It is widely acknowledged that emotional states can influence skin conditions, yet limited research has delved into the impact of stress on skin cancer development. This retrospective study sought to expand the perspective on skin cancer risk factors by investigating the complex relationship between stressful life events and the incidence of skin cancer.

Methods

The sample included 268 individuals followed‐up in a dermatological clinic, in three groups: Patients who had previously been diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma and are currently in remission (32%), those who had been diagnosed with non‐melanoma skin cancer (30%), and a control group who are at risk for skin cancer (38%). Participants filled in questionnaires regarding childhood and adulthood life events, and loss and gain of resources following their subjectively most stressful event in adulthood. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the associations of life events with skin cancer occurrence, and mediating and moderating effects of resource loss/gain.

Results

Adverse childhood experiences were associated with melanoma occurrence, with the melanoma group reporting significantly more such experiences compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Resource loss from subjectively significant stressful life events in adulthood partially mediated the association between adverse childhood experiences and melanoma incidence.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that there may be intricate connections between stress, life events, adaptation to change, and skin cancer, which future research may further unravel. This study underscores the need for a more comprehensive approach to stress management, coping strategies development, and skin cancer prevention in healthcare settings.
Interatomic Potential For Carbon Based Quantum‐Technology Applications
Authors: Xibraku Malwin , Garcia Martin E. , Bauerhenne Bernd
Published: May 2024

To optimize parameters for laser processing of quantum‐technology relevant materials, such as diamond, precise atomistic simulations of the light‐matter interaction on large scales (on the order of atoms) are essential. Classical empirical interatomic potentials are commonly employed for simulating such a large number of atoms, however they fail to accurately capture all relevant effects of light‐matter interaction. Conversely, ab initio methods like Density Functional Theory (DFT) can effectively incorporate quantum properties arising from photon excitations, but their applicability is limited to small systems containing at most approximately atoms. Consequently, bridging the gap between achieving DFT precision and handling millions of atoms necessitates the development of innovative classes of interatomic potentials. In this paper, the construction of a highly accurate interatomic potential for diamond is presented, derived from an extensive dataset of DFT calculations. The parameters of the interatomic potential depend on the electronic temperature (). The findings demonstrate that this newly developed interatomic potential can aptly describe the laser processing of diamond for nanophotonic applications, achieving accuracy comparable to ab initio methods for large systems.
Optical Nonreciprocity in a Multimode Cavity Optomechanical System Controlled by Dynamic Casimir Force
Authors: Ullah Muhib , Mikki Said
Published: May 2024

The phenomenon of nonreciprocity arises from the disruption of time reversal symmetry, enabling the one‐way transfer of signals through specific channels. In the framework of cavity optomechanics, this symmetry breaking is attributed to a nonuniform radiation pressure force resulting from the interaction between light and matter. This study investigates a hybrid cavity optomechanical system (COMS) comprising two optical modes, directly coupled to each other via photon hopping interaction and indirectly via a common mechanical excitation in the form of a movable mirror, and an additional parallel metallic plate that induces a dynamical Casimir force (DCF) interaction between the plates. The two optical cavities are driven by two strong laser fields, accompanied by two weak probe classical fields from each port. The primary focus lies in exploring the nonreciprocal behavior of the light field across ports one and two, strongly manipulated by the DCF. The DCF plays a pivotal role in providing extra degrees of flexibility and manipulation in controlling the nonreciprocal signal transmission by modifying the resonance conditions of the fields within the hybrid COMS and is responsible for the amplification and swapping of information between the two ports.
Finite and fixed‐time stabilization of discrete‐time systems using passivity‐based control
Authors: Pandey Sunidhi , Kamal Shyam , Osinenko Pavel , Parsegov Sergei , Singh Devender
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we propose a new passivity‐based controller design technique for discrete‐time fully actuated systems. The controller establishes finite‐time and fixed‐time convergence of dynamical system trajectories to an equilibrium state. A new form of a dissipation function, selected a priori, is introduced to design a feedback control rule to achieve such convergence properties. An energy shaping and damping injection methodology is extended to achieve non‐asymptotic stabilization. A numerical example to validate the proposed methods is provided.
Late sexual debut—A qualitative interview study
Authors: Hansen Anne‐Katrine , Laursen Birgitte Schantz
Published: May 2024

Many people find talking about their sexuality a taboo subject, especially if a person is unexperienced and has not had their sexual debut. In such cases, it is easy to feel stigmatized, isolated, and excluded from social groups and experience difficulties engaging in conversations. Studies show that the age of sexual debut for most young people in Denmark is 16.7 years. However, a small group has not debuted sexually when reaching their twenties. The purpose of this study is to gain broader insight into the participants' life narratives about their considerations of not having debuted sexually and the impact it has had on their life. The study design was qualitative based on 12 individual semi‐structured interviews. The data were analyzed using interpretive data‐driven thematic analysis. Two overall themes and several subthemes appeared throughout the analysis: 1) the causes of late sexual debut and 2) the meaning of not having debuted sexually. The study concludes that not having debuted sexually can lead to feeling marginalized, stigmatized, lonely, sad, shameful, and of low self‐esteem. The late sexual debut can be caused by many things, but something indicates that the influence throughout our childhood and early youth determines our sexual development. This is especially seen in certain religious environments. The findings of this study indicate that the longer you wait to have your first sexual relation, the harder it becomes. This adds to a negative spiral. The reasons were religious indoctrination, low self‐esteem, negative body image, disorder, unawareness about the body's functions, and unawareness about relationships, flirtation, and social interactions.
Carbon Corrosion Induced by Surface Defects Accelerates Degradation of Platinum/Graphene Catalysts in Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Xiong‐Fei , Su Fang‐Yuan , Xie Li‐Jing , Tian Yan‐Ru , Yi Zong‐Lin , Cheng Jia‐Yao , Chen Cheng‐Meng
Published: May 2024

Graphene supported electrocatalysts have demonstrated remarkable catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, their durability and cycling performance are greatly limited by Oswald ripening of platinum (Pt) and graphene support corrosion. Moreover, comprehensive studies on the mechanisms of catalysts degradation under 0.6–1.6 V versus RHE (Reversible Hydrogen Electrode) is still lacking. Herein, degradation mechanisms triggered by different defects on graphene supports are investigated by two cycling protocols. In the start–up/shutdown cycling (1.0–1.6 V vs. RHE), carbon oxidation reaction (COR) leads to shedding or swarm–like aggregation of Pt nanoparticles (NPs). Theoretical simulation results show that the expansion of vacancy defects promotes reaction kinetics of the decisive step in COR, reducing its reaction overpotential. While under the load cycling (0.6–1.0 V vs. RHE), oxygen containing defects lead to an elevated content of Pt in its oxidation state which intensifies Oswald ripening of Pt. The presence of vacancy defects can enhance the transfer of electrons from graphene to the Pt surface, reducing the d−band center of Pt and making it more difficult for the oxidation state of platinum to form in the cycling. This work will provide comprehensive understanding on Pt/Graphene catalysts degradation mechanisms.
A‐LLTO Nanoparticles Embedded Composite Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Room Temperature Operational Li‐metal Batteries
Authors: Paste Rohan , Chen Yu‐Te , Borde Krishna , Dhage Atul , Sun Shih‐Sheng , Lin Hong‐Cheu , Chu Chih Wei
Published: May 2024

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) have the potential to revolutionize the current energy storage sector. A significant portion of the current development of electric vehicles and the electrification of various appliances relies on Lithium (Li)‐ion batteries. However, future energy demands will require the development of stronger and more reliable batteries. This report presents a novel solid state electrolyte (SSE) composed of a self‐healing composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) matrix and aluminum‐doped (Li0.33La0.56)1.005Ti0.99Al0.01O3 (A‐LLTO) nanofillers. The CSPE contains Jeffamine ED‐2003 monomer, Benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarbaldehyde (BTC) crosslinker dissolved in a 1:1 ratio of Dimethylformamide (DMF) to LiPF6, and a certain amount (x) of A‐LLTO nanofillers (x = 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5%). A CSPE containing x‐amount of A‐LLTO fillers (referred to as CAL‐x%) demonstrates excellent ion‐conducting properties and stable battery performance. The CAL‐10% demonstrates 1.1 × 10−3 S cm−1 of ionic conductivity at room temperature (RT). A‐LLTO nanofillers dispersed uniformly within the polymer matrix form a percolation network, which is believed to improve ionic conductivity and the diffusion of Li+ ions. The CR‐2032 cell, consisting of LiFePO4 (LFP)║CAL‐10%║Li, at RT offers an initial discharge capacity of ≈165 mAh g−1 at 0.1C rate for 120 cycles with 98.85% coulombic efficiency (C.E.).
Co/C Nanocomposites with Tunable Condensed States Induced by Conformation‐Mediated Strategy for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Cui Mengyao , Wu Tianen , Gao Zhenguo , Hui Shengchong , Zhang Yu , Wei Yu , Zhang Jiaoqiang , Wu Hongjing
Published: May 2024

The strategic regulation of condensed state structures in multicomponent nanomaterials has emerged as an effective approach for achieving controllable electromagnetic (EM) properties. Herein, a novel conformation‐mediated strategy is proposed to manipulate the condensed states of Co and C, as well as their interaction. The conformation of polyvinylpyrrolidone molecules is adjusted using a gradient methanol/water ratio, whereby the coordination dynamic equilibrium effectively governs the deposition of metal–organic framework precursors. This process ultimately influences the combined impact of derived Co and C in the resulting Co/C nanocomposites post‐pyrolysis. The experimental results show that the condensed state structure of Co/C nanocomposites transitions from agglomerate state → to biphasic compact state → to loose packing state. Benefiting from the tunable collaboration between interfacial polarization and defects polarization, and the appropriate electrical conductivity, the diphasic compact state of Co/C nanocomposites achieves an effective absorbing bandwidth of 7.12 GHz (2.1 mm) and minimum reflection loss of −32.8 dB. This study highlights the significance of condensed state manipulation in comprehensively regulating the EM wave absorption characteristics of carbon‐based magnetic metal nanocomposites, encompassing factors such as conductivity loss, magnetic loss, defect polarization, and interface polarization.
Bond properties of steel bar with engineered geopolymer composites under monotonic load
Authors: Li Weitao , Li Shan , Lu Yiyan , Liu Zhenzhen
Published: May 2024

Engineered geopolymer composites (EGC) featuring extraordinary tensile ductility are a potential alternative to engineered cementitious composite. In this study, the local bonding properties of steel bars in EGC were investigated. Monotonic loading tests of the 120 specimens were performed using the pullout test method. The study examined the ultimate tensile strain of EGC, diameter and anchorage length of the steel bar on bond performance. The results showed that the EGC, with an ultimate tensile strain of 4.57%, had the highest peak bond strength. By comparing the test results of rebar to ordinary concrete bond performance provided in several previous literature, it was demonstrated that EGC has superior bond performance with rebar compared to ordinary concrete. Based on this, suggestions were provided for the design of rebar anchorage length in EGC. Finally, a mathematical model suitable for determining the bond–slip curve between EGC and steel bars is proposed.
Subway‐induced floor vibration predictions in super high‐rise multi‐tower building located on over‐depot based on one‐dimensional impedance model
Authors: Mei Can , Wang Dayang , Zhang Yongshan
Published: May 2024

The regular operation of the subway negatively impacts the occupants of super high‐rise multi‐tower buildings located on over‐depot (MBLO), causing undesirable vibrations. To save engineers time and computational cost, an improved one‐dimensional impedance model of super high‐rise MBLO is established to predict undesirable vibration in the design phase and devise measures to enhance human comfort. The stiffness factor of the thick plate of a large chassis is introduced, and the impedance relationships of coupled beam and floor based on the equivalence of mass and bending stiffness are considered for an improved one‐dimensional impedance model. The vibration response of multi‐story buildings and super high‐rise MBLO is predicted by an improved one‐dimensional impedance model and compared with field measurements and experimental results, respectively. The results show that the vibration transmission law of super high‐rise MBLO can be more accurately predicted when the stiffness factor of thick plates and the impedance relationships of coupled beam and floor are adopted in an improved one‐dimensional impedance model of super high‐rise MBLO.
Sustainability and modern pet ownership
Authors: Shotton Justine , Gale Jen
Published: May 2024

Booming pet ownership in the UK and elsewhere brings significant implications for the carbon pawprint. Yet it is unlikely people will ever stop owning pets, so how can pet ownership be made more sustainable? At BVA Live, Justine Shotton and Jen Gale will explore the role of vets in this complex area and how they can support clients in minimising the impact of their pets on the planet.
Chickening out of seeing pet poultry? Gain confidence at BVA Live!
Authors: Kodilinye‐Sims Henrietta
Published: May 2024

There aren't many poultry vets in the UK – and even fewer who focus on pet poultry. It is likely, therefore, that people who keep a few hens as pets will present them to their regular veterinary practice when they become unwell. Henrietta Kodilinye‐Sims hopes her session at BVA Live will give vets who do not regularly see poultry the skills they need to approach these cases with confidence.
Lessons learned from dealing with the challenge of canine brucellosis in practice
Authors: Moreton Mark , McLennan‐Green Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

With more and more dogs being imported to the UK, and no requirement for preimport screening for Brucella canis, veterinary teams are now encountering canine brucellosis on an increasingly regular basis. At BVA Live Mark Moreton and Elizabeth McLennan‐Green will reflect on their experiences of developing guidance to help practices manage the risks associated with this zoonotic pathogen.
‘It is impossible to meet our officially bTB‐free targets with the current testing policy’
Authors: Watt Neil J , Cutler Keith
Published: May 2024

Neil J Watt and Keith Cutler argue that Defra's aim of achieving officially bovine tuberculosis (bTB)‐free status for England by 2038 is unlikely to be met without a drastic change to testing and policy.
Scotland calling: embracing a career abroad as an official veterinarian
Authors: Andronic Olivia
Published: May 2024

Olivia Andronic qualified in Romania but had a yearning to work in the UK. Now a veterinary advisor at Food Standards Scotland, her unusual career took off after she applied for a role as a meat hygiene inspector.