bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoding the physics of observed actions in the human brain
Authors: Wurm Moritz F , Erigüç Doruk Yiğit
Published: February 2025

Recognizing goal-directed actions is a computationally challenging task, requiring not only the visual analysis of body movements, but also analysis of how these movements causally impact, and thereby induce a change in, those objects targeted by an action. We tested the hypothesis that the analysis of body movements and the effects they induce relies on distinct neural representations in superior and anterior inferior parietal lobe (SPL and aIPL). In four fMRI sessions, participants observed videos of actions (e.g. breaking stick, squashing plastic bottle) along with corresponding point-light-display (PLD) stick figures, pantomimes, and abstract animations of agent–object interactions (e.g. dividing or compressing a circle). Cross-decoding between actions and animations revealed that aIPL encodes abstract representations of action effect structures independent of motion and object identity. By contrast, cross-decoding between actions and PLDs revealed that SPL is disproportionally tuned to body movements independent of visible interactions with objects. Lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) was sensitive to both action effects and body movements. These results demonstrate that parietal cortex and LOTC are tuned to physical action features, such as how body parts move in space relative to each other and how body parts interact with objects to induce a change (e.g. in position or shape/configuration). The high level of abstraction revealed by cross-decoding suggests a general neural code supporting mechanical reasoning about how entities interact with, and have effects on, each other.
Harnessing Ubiquitous Learning to Support Autistic Children's Educational Needs
Authors: Poornalingam Jeyalakshmi
Published: February 2025

Autism, often known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder, marked by limited interests, repetitive behaviours and difficulties with social interactions. While symptoms might be identified at various stages of lifespan, they usually manifest in early childhood. The severity of the disorder ranges from levels 1 to 3 depending upon the support the individual needs. Autistic children often experience difficulties with communication, social interaction and sensory processing, making traditional learning methods challenging. Ubiquitous learning provides flexible, individualized learning experiences that can be adapted to their unique needs, preferences and sensory sensitivities. The ability to learn in familiar, comfortable settings also minimizes social pressure, enabling children to focus more on acquiring new skills. As autism often involves difficulty in generalizing learned behaviors to new contexts, U-learning's mobile and adaptive nature supports the transfer of skills across various environments, fostering independence and confidence. The paper discusses the issues and possibilities of designing a syllabus, based on Ubiquitous learning, taking into consideration, their medical conditions. Autistic children have  visual, auditory or tactile issues in handling gadgets and hence a unique syllabus is tailor made for each child taking care of their difficulties. The Wisconsin Scale, often used to assess developmental and behavioral traits in autism, can guide the creation of tailored syllabi that focus on enhancing communication, social skills and sensory processing for autistic children.
Evaluating the Impact of Gypsum Content on the Physical and Hydraulic Properties of Soils in Arid Regions: A Review
Authors: Agha Mooatasim Daood S. , Al –Wazzan Faris A.
Published: February 2025

Gypsum soils constitute approximately 100 million hectares of the world’s area, and approximately 28% of the ​​Iraq s, area.  Low gypsum content (about 14%) have a positive effect on improving soil properties, if the soil has a high gypsum content it will lead to a deterioration in the physical, chemical and fertility properties. Gypsum affects physical soil properties, water movement and water functions because it is semi-soluble and thus affects plant growth and productivity.
Gypsum soils are generally of a fine texture, and the texture of the surface layer is often loam, while the subsurface layer has a clay loam texture. Most gypsum soils are poorly structure in their surface horizons, while the sub surface horizons are structure less, or in the form of individual grains.
Gypsum soils have a low ability to retain moisture at high pressures and high temperature conditions. An increase in soil gypsum content reduces organic matter, clay percentage, and available water. As the percentage of gypsum in the soil increases, the bulk density values ​​increase up to 30% gypsum, as well as the value of the liquid, plasticity limits, and plasticity index value decrease. The values ​​of saturated hydraulic conductivity depends on the nature of the gypsum crystals and their percentage in the soil. The rate of water column rise has an inverse relationship with the gypsum percentage. The importance of this study to reduce the deterioration of gypsum soils.
Harnessing Robotics for Enhanced	Precision in Agriculture
Authors: Sahu Manisha , Verma Ajay , Kuruwanshi V.B. , Sahu Deepika
Published: February 2025

The inner workings of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) employed in agriculture consist of navigation sensors, computational techniques, path planning algorithms, and control strategies. Various smart sensors, such as optical sensors, are integrated into automated machines to detect early signs of pest infestation in standing crops. Additionally, UAVs are equipped with different types of sensors required for analyzing crop-related parameters category of agricultural robots. These robots, along with automated machines, are utilized to accomplish precision farming objectives. Autonomous navigation systems. Among the most common sensors are optical ones, including RGB, multispectral, and hyperspectral cameras.
Economic Viability of Rice Cultivation in Punjab and Uttar Pradesh, India: A Cost and Profit Analysis
Authors: Sindhuja Padigapati Venkata Naga , Naik Popavath Bhargav , Kumar Perka Shiva , Ramalingam Selvaprakash , Reddy Konda Ramanjaneya , D B Hemanth , Singh Alka
Published: February 2025

Aims: The main objective of this study is to analyse the profitability of rice crop in Punjab and Uttar Pradesh and investigate the factors influencing the cost structure of rice farming.
Study Design: This study utilized secondary data from the Directorate of Economics & Statistics, the Department of Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare (DA&FW), and the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
Place and Duration of Study: The study primarily focused on Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. Starting from 2001-02, every fourth year was selected up to the most recent available data. Finally, the selected points of years were 2001-02, 2005-06, 2009-10, 2013-14, 2017-19, and 2020-21.
Methodology: This study employed various cost concepts to assess the profitability. A Panel Instrumental Variable (IV) regression analysis was conducted to assess the cost structure and the Hausman test was done to select appropriate model between fixed and random effects.
Results: In Punjab, the profitability ratio remained above one for all the selected years, whereas in Uttar Pradesh, it was either close to or slightly below one at Cost C3. Additionally, in Punjab, the profitability ratio consistently exceeded two, while in Uttar Pradesh, it was just above one at Cost A2+FL. This indicates that rice cultivation was significantly more profitable in Punjab compared to Uttar Pradesh. The cost structure was primarily influenced by yield and price fluctuations, both of which were statistically significant.
Conclusion:  The results indicate a significant disparity observed in profitability between Punjab and Uttar Pradesh states and highlight that total costs significantly impact technology adoption and price movements, with last year's market conditions influencing current production costs.
Transitional Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Adverse Neurodevelopment in Midchildhood
Authors: Roeper Marcia , Hoermann Henrike , Körner Lisa M. , Sobottka Marvin , Mayatepek Ertan , Kummer Sebastian , Meissner Thomas
Published: March 2024

Importance

The circumstances under which neonatal hypoglycemia leads to brain damage remain unclear due to a lack of long-term data on the neurodevelopment of affected children. As a result, diagnostic strategies and treatment recommendations are inconsistent.

Objective

To evaluate whether the occurrence of severe transitional neonatal hypoglycemia (defined as having at least 1 blood glucose measurement of 30 mg/dL or below) is associated with adverse neurodevelopment in midchildhood.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study using neurodevelopmental testing of a retrospectively recruited cohort was conducted at a single-center tertiary hospital in Germany between March 2022 and February 2023. Children with neonatal blood glucose screening data were randomly selected from all births between 2010 and 2015. Frequency matching for sex, birth weight, gestational age, socioeconomic status, and primary risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia was performed. Children with persistent hypoglycemia diseases or any risk factor for adverse neurodevelopment except hypoglycemia were excluded. Data were analyzed between February 2023 and March 2023.

Exposure

At least 1 neonatal hypoglycemia measurement with blood glucose measuring 30 mg/dL or below vs all measured blood glucose levels above 30 mg/dL during postnatal blood glucose screening starting on the first day of life.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Cognitive function measured by full-scale IQ test. Secondary outcomes included standardized scales of motor, visual, and executive functions, and child behavior, each measured at ages 7 to 11 years.

Results

A total of 140 children (mean [SD] age 9.1 [1.3] years; 77 male [55.0%]) participated in the study. Children with severe neonatal hypoglycemia had a 4.8 points lower mean full-scale IQ than controls (107.0 [95% CI, 104.0-109.9] vs 111.8 [95% CI, 108.8-114.8]). They showed a 4.9-fold (95% CI, 1.5-15.5) increased odds of abnormal fine motor function and a 5.3-fold (95% CI, 2.1-13.3) increased odds of abnormal visual-motor integration. Significantly higher T scores for attention problems (58.2 [95% CI, 56.1-60.2] vs 54.6 [95% CI, 52.6-56.6]) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms (58.2 [95% CI, 56.2-60.2] vs 54.7 [95% CI, 52.8-56.7]) were reported by parents.

Conclusions and Relevance

Neonatal hypoglycemia with blood glucose levels of 30 mg/dL or below was associated with an increased risk for suboptimal neurodevelopmental outcomes in midchildhood. These findings imply that treatment strategies should aim to prevent episodes of hypoglycemia at these severely low levels.
Food Insecurity Prevalence and Risk Factors at a Large Academic Medical Center in Michigan
Authors: Leung Cindy W. , Patel Minal R. , Miller Markell , Spring Eileen , Wang Zixi , Wolfson Julia A. , Cohen Alicia J. , Heisler Michele , Hao Wei
Published: March 2024

Importance

Health care systems are increasingly adopting methods to screen for and integrate food insecurity and other social risk factors into electronic health records. However, there remain knowledge gaps regarding the cumulative burden of food insecurity in large clinical settings, which patients are most at risk, and the extent to which patients are interested in social assistance through their health care system.

Objective

To evaluate the 5-year prevalence and associated risk factors of food insecurity among adult primary care patients, and to examine factors associated with patients’ interest in social assistance among those with food insecurity.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional analysis of a retrospective cohort study took place at a tertiary care academic medical center (encompassing 20 primary care clinics) in Michigan. Participants included adult patients who completed screening for social risk factors between August 1, 2017, and August 1, 2022. Data analysis was performed from November 2022 to June 2023.

Exposure

Food insecurity was assessed using the Hunger Vital Sign.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was patients’ interest in social assistance, and associated factors were examined using multivariate logistic regression models, adjusting for patients’ demographic and health characteristics.

Results

Over the 5-year period, 106 087 adult primary care patients (mean [SD] age, 52.9 [17.9] years; 61 343 women [57.8%]) completed the standardized social risk factors questionnaire and were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of food insecurity was 4.2% (4498 patients), with monthly trends ranging from 1.5% (70 positive screens) in August 2018 to 5.0% (193 positive screens) in June 2022. Food insecurity was significantly higher among patients who were younger, female, non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic, unmarried or unpartnered, and with public health insurance. Food insecurity was significantly associated with a higher cumulative burden of social needs, including social isolation, medical care insecurity, medication nonadherence, housing instability, and lack of transportation. Only 20.6% of patients with food insecurity (927 patients) expressed interest in social assistance. Factors associated with interest in social assistance including being non-Hispanic Black, unmarried or unpartnered, a current smoker, and having a higher burden of other social needs.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this retrospective cohort study, the overall prevalence of food insecurity was 4.2%, of whom approximately 1 in 5 patients with food insecurity expressed interest in assistance. This study highlights ongoing challenges in ensuring all patients complete routine social determinants of health screening and gaps in patients’ interest in assistance for food insecurity and other social needs through their health care system.
Accuracy of Diagnosing Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Larsen Emil List , Nilius Henning , Studt Jan-Dirk , Tsakiris Dimitrios A. , Greinacher Andreas , Mendez Adriana , Schmidt Adrian , Wuillemin Walter A. , Gerber Bernhard , Vishnu Prakash , Graf Lukas , Kremer Hovinga Johanna A. , Goetze Jens P. , Bakchoul Tamam , Nagler Michael
Published: March 2024

Importance

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent diagnostic clarification. However, knowledge of the diagnostic utility of the recommended diagnostic tests is limited in clinical practice.

Objective

To evaluate the current diagnostic practice for managing the suspicion of HIT.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective diagnostic study was conducted from January 2018 to May 2021 among consecutive patients with suspected HIT from 11 study centers in Switzerland, Germany, and the United States. Detailed clinical data and laboratory information were recorded. Platelet factor 4/heparin antibodies were quantified using an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). A washed-platelet heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA) test was used as a reference standard to define HIT.

Exposures

Suspicion of HIT.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of the 4Ts score, the CLIA, and the recommended algorithm serially combining both tests.

Results

Of 1448 patients included between 2018 and 2021, 1318 were available for the current analysis (median [IQR] age, 67 [57-75] years; 849 [64.6%] male). HIPA was positive in 111 patients (prevalence, 8.4%). The most frequent setting was intensive care unit (487 [37.0%]) or cardiovascular surgery (434 [33.0%]). The 4Ts score was low risk in 625 patients (46.8%). By 2 × 2 table, the numbers of patients with false-negative results were 10 (9.0%; 4Ts score), 5 (4.5%; CLIA), and 15 (13.5%; recommended diagnostic algorithm). The numbers of patients with false-positive results were 592 (49.0%; 4Ts score), 73 (6.0%; CLIA), and 50 (4.1%; recommended diagnostic algorithm), respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this diagnostic study of patients suspected of having HIT, when the recommended diagnostic algorithm was used in clinical practice, antibody testing was required in half the patients. A substantial number of patients were, however, still misclassified, which could lead to delayed diagnosis or overtreatment. Development of improved diagnostic algorithms for HIT diagnosis should be pursued.
Tumor Intrinsic Subtypes and Gene Expression Signatures in Early-Stage ERBB2/HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Fernandez-Martinez Aranzazu , Rediti Mattia , Tang Gong , Pascual Tomás , Hoadley Katherine A. , Venet David , Rashid Naim U. , Spears Patricia A. , Islam Md N. , El-Abed Sarra , Bliss Judith , Lambertini Matteo , Di Cosimo Serena , Huobe Jens , Goerlitz David , Hu Rong , Lucas Peter C. , Swain Sandra M. , Sotiriou Christos , Perou Charles M. , Carey Lisa A.
Published: March 2024

Importance

Biologic features may affect pathologic complete response (pCR) and event-free survival (EFS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus ERBB2/HER2 blockade in ERBB2/HER2-positive early breast cancer (EBC).

Objective

To define the quantitative association between pCR and EFS by intrinsic subtype and by other gene expression signatures in a pooled analysis of 3 phase 3 trials: CALGB 40601, NeoALTTO, and NSABP B-41.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this retrospective pooled analysis, 1289 patients with EBC received chemotherapy plus either trastuzumab, lapatinib, or the combination, with a combined median follow-up of 5.5 years. Gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing was obtained from 758 samples, and intrinsic subtypes and 618 gene expression signatures were calculated. Data analyses were performed from June 1, 2020, to January 1, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The association of clinical variables and gene expression biomarkers with pCR and EFS were studied by logistic regression and Cox analyses.

Results

In the pooled analysis, of 758 women, median age was 49 years, 12% were Asian, 6% Black, and 75% were White. Overall, pCR results were associated with EFS in the ERBB2-enriched (hazard ratio [HR], 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29-0.70; P < .001) and basal-like (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04-0.86; P = .03) subtypes but not in luminal A or B tumors. Dual trastuzumab plus lapatinib blockade over trastuzumab alone had a trend toward EFS benefit in the intention-to-treat population; however, in the ERBB2-enriched subtype there was a significant and independent EFS benefit of trastuzumab plus lapatinib vs trastuzumab alone (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.83; P = .009). Overall, 275 of 618 gene expression signatures (44.5%) were significantly associated with pCR and 9 of 618 (1.5%) with EFS. The ERBB2/HER2 amplicon and multiple immune signatures were significantly associated with pCR. Luminal-related signatures were associated with lower pCR rates but better EFS, especially among patients with residual disease and independent of hormone receptor status. There was significant adjusted HR for pCR ranging from 0.45 to 0.81 (higher pCR) and 1.21-1.94 (lower pCR rate); significant adjusted HR for EFS ranged from 0.71 to 0.94.

Conclusions and relevance

In patients with ERBB2/HER2-positive EBC, the association between pCR and EFS differed by tumor intrinsic subtype, and the benefit of dual ERBB2/HER2 blockade was limited to ERBB2-enriched tumors. Immune-activated signatures were concordantly associated with higher pCR rates and better EFS, whereas luminal signatures were associated with lower pCR rates.
Fluid Cognition Among Individuals With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Plantinga Laura C. , Yazdany Jinoos , Pearce Bradley D. , Hoge Courtney , Dunlop‐Thomas Charmayne , Lim S. Sam , Drenkard Cristina , Katz Patricia P. , Bowling C. Barrett
Published: March 2024

Objective

We sought to describe fluid cognition and its correlates among individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Participants (n = 199) were recruited from a population‐based cohort for a single study visit (October 2019 to May 2022). Fluid cognition was measured via the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Fluid Cognition Battery (including episodic memory, working memory, attention and inhibitory control, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility domains) and expressed as age‐corrected standard scores (mean 100, SD 15). Potential impairment was defined as a standard score >1.5 SD below the mean. Descriptive statistics were calculated and associations of various participant characteristics with the potential fluid cognition impairment were assessed with multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Participants’ mean age was 46.1 years; most were female (87.4%), Black (86.4%), and non‐Hispanic (95.0%). The mean overall fluid cognition score was 87.2; of the individual domains, the participants’ mean score was lowest on attention and inhibitory control (82.0). Working status (odds ratio [OR] 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.64) and higher self‐reported physical functioning (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.28–0.75) and physical performance (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59–0.87) were associated with lower odds of fluid cognition impairment; lower educational attainment was associated with higher odds (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.67–8.75). Self‐reported forgetfulness, neuropsychiatric damage, and depressive symptoms were not statistically significantly associated with potential impairment.

Conclusion

Fluid cognition and, particularly, attention and inhibitory control were low in those with SLE relative to the general US population. Working status, higher physical functioning and performance, and higher educational attainment were associated with lower prevalence of potential impairment. Future work is needed to develop and implement interventions to help support cognition in individuals with SLE.

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Improvements in Patient‐Reported Outcomes After Treatment With Deucravacitinib in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: Results From a Randomized Phase 2 Trial
Authors: Strand Vibeke , Gossec Laure , Coates Laura C. , Ogdie Alexis , Choi Jiyoon , Becker Brandon , Zhuo Joe , Lehman Thomas , Nowak Miroslawa , Elegbe Ayanbola , Mease Philip J. , Deodhar Atul
Published: March 2024

Objective

Deucravacitinib, a tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor, was assessed in a phase 2 trial in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Here, we report effects of deucravacitinib from the patient perspective.

Methods

This phase 2, double‐blind trial (NCT03881059) randomized patients with active PsA 1:1:1 to deucravacitinib 6 mg once daily (QD), 12 mg QD, or placebo, for 16 weeks. Key secondary end points were changes from baseline (CFBs) at week 16 in Health Assessment Questionnaire‐Disability Index (HAQ‐DI) and 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36) physical component summary (PCS) scores. Additional patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) assessed disease impact, including fatigue, pain, and mental health. The mean CFBs in PROs and percentages of patients reporting improvements with minimum clinically important differences (MCIDs) or scores of greater than normal values were also assessed.

Results

This study comprised 203 patients (51.2% female; mean ± SD age, 49.8 ± 13.5 years). At week 16, the adjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval) versus placebo in HAQ‐DI and SF‐36 PCS CFB was significant for each deucravacitinib group (HAQ‐DI 6 mg, −0.26 [−0.42 to −0.10], P = 0.0020; HAQ‐DI 12 mg, −0.28 [−0.45 to −0.12], P = 0.0008; SF‐36 PCS 6 mg, 3.3 [0.9 to 5.7], P = 0.0062; SF‐36 PCS 12 mg, 3.5 [1.1 to 5.9], P = 0.0042). MCID at week 16 were reported for all PROs with either dose of deucravacitinib. Improvements of MCID or to normative values were reported by more patients receiving deucravacitinib than placebo.

Conclusion

Deucravacitinib groups demonstrate significant and clinically meaningful improvements in PROs versus placebo in patients with active PsA, which warrants further study.
Nanocarbon‐Based Hybrid Fillers in Thermally Conductive Polymer Composites: A Review
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Wang Guiying
Published: March 2024

With the broad commercialization of microelectronics, 5G communication, and new energy vehicles, the demand for polymer composites with high thermal conductivity (TC) increases. Carbon‐based nanomaterials have high TC, are of lightweight and low cost, and have been widely studied as thermally conductive fillers for composites. In this article, carbon‐based thermal conductive fillers in polymer composites are focused on. It summarizes the treatments of functionalization, directional arrangement, and dispersion of carbon‐based nanofillers. Moreover, from the perspective of nanocarbon, hybrid nanofillers are divided into three categories: carbon/carbon, carbon/ceramics, and carbon/metal for the first time, and the thermal conductive effect of these hybrid fillers is discussed. Finally, potential areas for future research and development of thermal interface materials are discussed.
Vapor‐Phase Synthesis of Poly(para‐xylylene): From Coatings to Porous and Hierarchical Materials
Authors: Hu Shu‐Man , Lee Chin‐Yun , Ramli Theresia Cecylia , Christy Jane , Chang Yu‐Ming , Lee Kyung Jin , Chou Fang‐Yu , Chiang Yu‐Chih , Chen Hsien‐Yeh
Published: March 2024

Poly(para‐xylylene) (PPX) is a robust and biocompatible coating material that is widely used in various applications, including electronics, aerospace and defense materials, automotive materials, and biomaterials. In this progress report, recent developments in PPX technology ranging from the advancement of physical chemistry properties and structural properties for device integration to the transformation of 3D monolith materials of PPX with controls in outer and inner structures at the micro‐ and nanometer scales are highlighted. Based on emerging chemistry studies on [2.2]paracyclophanes, which are primarily used precursors to synthesize PPX via vapor deposition polymerization, functionalization, and the creation of a wide variety of functional PPX derivatives are demonstrated without resistance. Widely used as an interface coating material, PPX is processed to form integrated structural materials and has already been found to be useful in the market as part of electronic and medical implant products. Using a newly innovated transformation to fabricate PPX through templates (metal‐organic frameworks, liquid crystal, ice crystal), 3D monoliths, nanoscale particles, hierarchical and gradient interior structures, and dynamically transformable shapes at the nanoscale are demonstrated. A vast landscape of novel applications and device products is expected based on the already established R&D and market maturity of PPX.
A Trifunctional Electrolyte Enables Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries with Long Cycling Performance
Authors: Ding Yu , Yin Li , Du Tan , Wang Yuxin , He Zhen , Yuwono Jodie A. , Li Guanjie , Liu Jianwen , Zhang Shilin , Yang Tao , Guo Zaiping
Published: March 2024

Aqueous zinc ion batteries hold promise as alternative systems to lithium‐based batteries. However, practical development faces critical challenges due to parasitic side reactions and dendrite growth in zinc anodes. While introducing electrolyte additives is promising, monofunctional additives offer limited protection to the zinc anode from a single aspect. Herein, a disodium succinate additive is presented to establish a hydrophobic and zincophilic dual electric layer structure on the Zn surface, regulate the solvation structure of Zn2+, and act as a pH buffer during cycling. As a result, the symmetrical cell with an electrolyte containing 0.2 m SADS shows a durable life of over 2200 h, and the Zn||MnO2 full cell still maintains an 80% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. In addition, SADS both show wide applicability in the match with NVO and I2 cathode. This work provides a low‐cost and multifunctional electrolyte additive, facilitating the development of high‐performance aqueous zinc ion batteries.
An Adaptable Charge Source Enabled by Mode‐Switchable TENG for Efficient Self‐Repairing Coating
Authors: Yu Xinke , Zhang Shuqin , Fu Shaoke , Tan Bochuan , Zhou Dan , Zeng Jie , Wang Zhaopeng , Li Wenpo , Hu Chenguo
Published: March 2024

Self‐repairing coatings have received widespread attention due to their ability to repair damaged surfaces. However, film‐forming molecules can only be fixed on the metal surface through relatively weak physical and chemical adsorption. This drawback limits its self‐repairing ability. Here, a mode‐switchable TENG (MS‐TENG) is developed, which has the ability to switch between AC and DC outputs as an adjustable charge source for self‐repairing coatings. Besides the normal sector electrodes of rotational TENG, MS‐TENG has a special design of external electrodes (small extension electrodes on rotator and inner/outer orbit electrodes on stator) and achieves charge accumulation through an excitation circuit and DC output through air breakdown on external electrodes with advantage of the complete release of accumulated charges. Compared with traditional air breakdown TENG, its current output has been improved. In addition, the air breakdown process occurs in the external electrode framework independent of the TENG body. Therefore, the negative impact of air breakdown is suppressed. Finally, MS‐TENG is used to achieve rapid electrostatic adsorption of charged film‐forming molecules through charge injection. MS‐TENG as a charge source effectively improves the performance of self‐repairing coatings, with a corrosion inhibition rate of 96.9%.
Switching Dynamics in Anti‐Ferroelectric Transistor for Multimodal Reservoir Computing
Authors: Shi Yufei , Duong Ngoc Thanh , Chien Yu‐Chieh , Li Sifan , Xiang Heng , Zheng Haofei , Ang Kah‐Wee
Published: March 2024

Spatial‐temporal time series analysis and forecasting are crucial for understanding dynamic systems and making informed decisions. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have paved the way for reservoir computing (RC), a method enabling effective temporal information processing at low training costs. While software‐based RC performs well, physical RC systems face challenges like slow processing speed and limited state richness, leading to high hardware costs. This study introduces an innovative approach, i.e., the antiferroelectric field effect transistor‐based RC (AFeFET‐based RC) system for efficient temporal data processing. By exploiting the fading memory property inherent in hafnium oxide‐based antiferroelectric material, this system demonstrates promise for physical RC implementation. Moreover, it leverages the light sensitivity of 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) channels for controllable temporal dynamics under electrical and optical stimuli. This dual‐mode modulation significantly enriches the reservoir state, boosting overall system performance. Experimental tests on standard benchmarking tasks using the AFeFET‐based RC system yielded impressive accuracy results (95.4%) in spoken‐digit recognition and a remarkable normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 0.015 in Mackey–Glass time series prediction.
Thermal Activated Reversible Phosphorescence Behavior of Solid Supramolecule Mediated by β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Zhou Xiaolu , Zhao Xuan , Bai Xue , Cheng Qingwen , Liu Yu
Published: March 2024

A reversible solid thermally responsive deep‐blue pure organic room temperature phosphorescent material is constructed by terephthalic acid (PPA), β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), and poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA). Attributed to the host‐guest interaction of β‐CD to isolate PPA chromophore and the rigid environment offered by hydrogen bonds to suppress the nonradiative decays, amorphous supramolecular assembly PPA‐CD/PVA not only induces a deep‐blue phosphorescence at 410 nm that differing from traditional PPA derivatives with green emission but also enhances the quantum yield up to 30.52%. Uncommonly, this film exhibits a unique reversible thermal stimulation response property with blue and cyan phosphorescence color transitions because heating can destroy the binding behavior between β‐CD and PPA, resulting in redshift phosphorescence emission from PPA stacking. Additionally, with the incorporation of Rhodamine B (RhB) or Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) into the supramolecular film, color‐tunable phosphorescence from blue to white, yellow, and red relying on the thermal stimulation is realized through triplet‐to‐singlet Förster resonance energy transfer (TS‐FRET) platform. These thermochromic phosphorescence materials are successfully applied in multilevel anticounterfeiting and information encryption, which provides a new simple approach for temperature‐responsive TS‐FRET multicolor luminescence supramolecular materials.
Realizing Phase‐Pure (PEA)2FAPb2I7 Perovskite Films by Inhibiting 3D Phase Formation
Authors: Liang Yuchao , Liu Fangzhou , Xie Xixi , Ma Yingzhuang , Guan Yan , Yu Wenjin , Zou Yu , Zhang Lingling , Zhang Xian , Zhang Yangyang , Li Bohan , Wu Cuncun , Jiang Kezhu , Xiao Lixin , Zou Dechun , Zheng Shijian
Published: March 2024

2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) layered metal‐halide perovskites have garnered significant interest due to their unique photoelectric properties and excellent stability. However, 2D perovskite films prepared via solution process generally exhibit multi‐quantum well structure with random well width distribution, which significantly impedes the carrier transportation. Herein, the synthesis of phase‐pure 2D (PEA)2FAPb2I7 (PEA = C8H11N, FA = CH4N2) perovskite thin films is reported in ambient environment achieved by suppressing the formation of the 3D perovskite phase. First, incorporation of MACl additive can effectively regulate the intermediate during crystallization, facilitating the formation of a metastable 3D MAxFA1‐xPbIyCl3‐y phase. Second, precise control of environmental humidity is employed to further inhibit the formation of α‐FAPbI3 phase. As a result, the perovskite intermediate composed of predominantly metastable 3D phase and 2D n = 2 phase is achieved, which is eventually transformed into 2D n = 2 perovskite during annealing, leading to markedly enhanced phase purity. Photoconductive‐type photodetectors based on the phase‐pure 2D RP perovskite films are fabricated, demonstrating a high detectivity of over 9.4 × 1012 Jones due to the improved carrier transportation. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the crystallization process of phase‐pure 2D perovskites.
MOFs‐Based Magnetic Nanozyme to Boost Cascade ROS Accumulation for Augmented Tumor Ferroptosis
Authors: Yuan Ying , Chen Bo , An Xingxing , Guo Zhanhang , Liu Xin , Lu Hao , Hu Fangxin , Chen Zhigang , Guo Chunxian , Li Chang Ming
Published: March 2024

The emerging cell death modality of ferroptosis has garnered increasing attention for antitumor treatment but still suffers from low therapeutic efficacy. A metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)‐based magnetic nanozyme (PZFH) comprising porphyrin‐based Zr‐MOF (PCN) on zinc ferrite (ZF) nanoparticles modified with hyaluronic acid, delivering excellent magnetophotonic response for efficient ferroptosis, is reported here. PZFH shows multienzyme‐like cascade activity encompassing a photon‐triggered oxidase‐like catalysis to generate O2−, which is converted to H2O2 by superoxide dismutase‐like activity and subsequent ·OH by magneto‐promoted peroxidase (POD) behavior. Newly formed Fe─N coordination and increased Fe2+/Fe3+ levels in the PZFH contribute to the enhanced POD activity, which is further enhanced by accelerated surface electron transfer when exposure to alternated magnetic field. Accumulation of lipid peroxides is eventually accomplished through the conversion of ·OH radicals and singlet oxygen (1O2) produced through laser irradiation. When combined with the depletion of inhibition of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4, PZFH exhibits significantly enhanced ferroptosis in tumor‐bearing mice, offering insights into nanomedicine for ferroptosis and holding great promise in clinical antitumor therapies.
Cucurbit[8]uril Mediated Supramolecular and Photocrosslinked Interpenetrating Network Hydrogel Matrices for 3D‐Bioprinting
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Bimmermann Alexander Matthias , Neufurth Meik , Besenius Pol
Published: March 2024

Printing of biologically functional constructs is significant for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Designing bioinks remains remarkably challenging due to the multifaceted requirements in terms of the physical, chemical, and biochemical properties of the three‐dimensional matrix, such as cytocompatibility, printability, and shape fidelity. In order to promote matrix and materials stiffness, while not sacrificing stress relaxation mechanisms which support cell spreading, migration, and differentiation, this work reports an interpenetrating network (IPN) bioink design. The approach makes use of a chemically defined network, combining physical and chemical crosslinking units with a tunable composition and network density, as well as spatiotemporal control over post‐assembly material stiffening. To this end, star‐shaped poly(ethylene glycol)s functionalized with Phe‐Gly‐Gly tripeptide or photoactive stilbazolium are synthesized, and used to prepare three‐dimensional networks with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) through supramolecular host–guest complexation. The hydrogel obtained shows fast relaxation and thus supports the proliferation and differentiation of cells. Upon irradiation, the mechanical properties of the hydrogel can be rapidly adapted via selective photochemical dimerization of stilbazolium within CB[8], leading to IPNs with increased form stability while retaining the dynamic nature of the hydrogels. This modular approach opens new design opportunities for extrudable and cell‐friendly dynamic biomaterials for applications in 3D‐bioprinting.
Suppressing Ion Migration by Synergistic Engineering of Anion and Cation toward High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Zhang Zuolin , Li Mengjia , Li Ru , Zhuang Xinmeng , Wang Chenglin , Shang Xueni , He Dongmei , Chen Jiangzhao , Chen Cong
Published: March 2024

Ion migration‐induced intrinsic instability and large‐area fabrication pose a tough challenge for the commercial deployment of perovskite photovoltaics. Herein, an interface heterojunction and metal electrode stabilization strategy is developed by suppressing ion migration via managing lead‐based imperfections. After screening a series of cations and nonhalide anions, the ideal organic salt molecule dimethylammonium trifluoroacetate (DMATFA) consisting of dimethylammonium (DMA+) cation and trifluoroacetate (TFA−) anion is selected to manipulate the surface of perovskite films. DMA+ enables the conversion of active excess and/or unreacted PbI2 into stable new phase DMAPbI3, inhibiting photodecomposition of PbI2 and ion migration. Meanwhile, TFA− can suppress iodide ion migration through passivating undercoordinated Pb2+ and/or iodide vacancies. DMA+ and TFA− synergistically stabilize the heterojunction interface and silver electrode. The DMATFA‐treated inverted perovskite solar cells and modules achieve a maximum efficiency of 25.03% (certified 24.65%, 0.1 cm2) and 20.58% (63.74 cm2), respectively, which is the record efficiency ever reported for the devices based on vacuum flash evaporation technology. The DMATFA modification results in outstanding operational stability, as evidenced by maintaining 91% of its original efficiency after 1520 h of maximum power point continuous tracking.
An Integrated All‐Optical Ising Machine with Unlimited Spin Array Size and Coupling
Authors: Lan Yuchi , Chen Guanyu , Gao Yuan , Fu Wujie , Danner Aaron J.
Published: March 2024

Artificial spin systems are used to solve combinatorial optimization problems by mapping them to the ground state search of the Ising model. Ising machines of various designs, in fields as diverse as photonics and electronics, have been proposed and demonstrated in recent years. One important mathematical operation required in photonic Ising machines for nearly all Hamiltonian minimization algorithms is repeated matrix–vector multiplication with the vector size limited by the physical size of the optical system. Herein, an integrated photonic Ising machine based on matrix partitioning and phase encoding, which effectively allows the use of physically small optical circuits to handle arbitrarily large spin vectors, is proposed. All the complicated calculations are carried out optically, rather than electronically, in this approach. How the required surface area of a hypothetical chip‐based photonic Ising machine can be resized according to convenience, with the trade‐off being the solution time, and that this trade‐off can be done in a way that does not impact the algorithm's efficacy, is shown. Through simulation, the system is predicted to have a high success rate, high noise tolerance, and high error tolerance.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of High Functionalized 4‐Imidazolidinone‐Tetrahydro‐β‐Carboline Hybrids via Divergent Post‐Ugi Transformation
Authors: Morlacci Valerio , Arcadi Antonio , Aschi Massimiliano , Chiarini Marco , Demitri Nicola , Lamba Doriano , Momoli Caterina , Palombi Laura , Vece Vito
Published: March 2024

An easily scalable and highly diastereoselective synthesis of challenging 1,2,5,6,11,11b‐hexahydro‐3H‐imidazo[1′,2′:1,2]pyrido[3,4‐b]indol‐3‐ones is accomplished through divergent transformation of Ugi 4‐CR products. The trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) mediated intramolecular condensation of a series of Ugi 4‐CR adducts generates a N‐acylimidinium intermediate which undergoes ring closure to selectively afford the target title compounds in good to high yields.
Copper‐Related Cell Death and the Role of Copper in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Wu Yue , Wang Shengyao , Wang Guanduo , Zhang Huanqing , Yang Xiaojuan , Liu Gangli , Huang Shengyun
Published: March 2024

As an essential mineral element for the human body, copper (Cu) is necessary for various physiological functions. Excess or deficiency of copper causes cytotoxicity and damages the body. Thus, strict regulatory mechanisms are required to maintain copper homeostasis. Copper correlates closely with many forms of cell death. A recent study found that copper‐dependent cell death, known as cuproptosis, is different from all other known forms of cell death. This discovery helps us further understand the role of copper in cytotoxicity. Copper dysregulation occurs in a variety of malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is the eighth most common malignancy worldwide. This may increase the risk of HNSCC from a population perspective. Further exploring molecular mechanisms of copper in HNSCC will contribute to provide new therapeutic opportunities. Here, the physiological metabolism and functions of copper, as well as copper‐related cell death, are reviewed. The study focuses on the research advances of copper in HNSCC, including the epidemiology and molecular mechanisms, as well as therapeutic strategies targeting copper homeostasis.
Cadmium‐Doping Slows Trap Emptying in Ambient‐Air Blade‐Coated Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Dongyang , Khasnabis Sutripto , Wang Wanlong , Yeddu Vishal , Moradi Shahram , Awais Muhammad , Nguyen Hai‐Dang , Reinecke Sean B. , Haruta Yuki , Godin Robert , Tan Furui , Saidaminov Makhsud I.
Published: March 2024

Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) in its α‐phase is among the most desirable perovskite compositions for solar cells. However, because of its transition into the yellow δ‐phase at room temperature, it is a challenge to process it in ambient air by scalable fabrication methods. Here the introduction of a trace amount of cadmium (in the form of CdI2) to FAPbI3 is reported and found that it enhances the stability of the perovskite's black α‐phase polymorph, inhibits non‐radiative recombination events, leads to pin‐hole free compact surface morphology, and improves band energy alignment. The 0.6% Cd‐doped FAPbI3 solar cells show a champion efficiency of 22.7% for 0.049 cm2 and 16.4% for cm2‐scale pixels, which, to the best of the knowledge, are among the highest for air‐ambient fully blade‐coated pure FAPbI3 solar cells with an n‐i‐p architecture. Transient absorption microscopy measurements reveal that Cd doping reduces the number of trapped charges and increases their lifetimes, promoting charge accumulation and a higher photovoltage. The study sheds light on the potential of cadmium as a homovalent dopant for the stabilization and performance enhancement of FAPbI3 performance solar cells.
Synergistic Enhancement of Efficient Perovskite/Quantum Dot Tandem Solar Cells Based on Transparent Electrode and Band Alignment Engineering
Authors: Li Mingyu , Yan Jun , Zhao Xinzhao , Ma Tianjun , Zhang Afei , Chen Shiwu , Shen Guohuan , Khalaf Gomaa Mohamed Gomaa , Zhang Jianbing , Chen Chao , Hsu Hsien‐Yi , Song Haisheng , Yang Peizhi , Tang Jiang
Published: March 2024

Perovskite‐based tandem solar cells have demonstrated high potential for overcoming the Shockley–Queisser limit. Routine bandgap (RBG, ≈1.55 eV) perovskites have achieved a perfect balance between efficiency and stability. The narrow bandgap (NBG) candidates for RBG perovskite‐based tandem devices are very limited. Lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are a promising partner due to their broad absorption spectra. However, the efficiency of RBG perovskite/QD tandem devices still lags behind. Herein, efficient RBG perovskite/QDs four‐terminal tandem photovoltaics are successfully implemented through synergistic enhancement from transparent electrode and band alignment Engineering. For tin doped indium oxide (ITO) electrodes, their conductivity and near‐infrared transparency are leveraged using magnetron sputtering and reactive plasma deposition (RPD) methods. Furthermore, instead of traditional zinc oxide, aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) is developed to enhance the carrier extraction capability of PbS QD bottom cells. Based on the above enhancements, ≈0.95 eV PbS solar cells achieve a record efficiency of 14.14%. Integrated with the front semi‐transparent perovskite solar cells, the four‐terminal perovskite/QD tandem device reaches a record efficiency of 26.12%. The synergistic combination of the RBG perovskite and NBG QD devices provides promising prospects for tandem photovoltaics.
Improving rotational partners: Intraspecies variation for pea cover cropping traits
Authors: Marques Edward , Kerwien Lauren , Bueno Erika , Bishop‐von Wettberg Eric
Published: March 2024

To improve cover crops such as peas (Pisum sativum), as rotational partners, intraspecific variation for cover cropping traits such as nutrient mobilization, carbon deposition, and beneficial microbial recruitment must be identified. The majority of research on cover crops has focused on interspecies comparisons for cover cropping variation with minimal research investigating intraspecies variation. To address if variation of cover cropping traits is present within a cover cropping species, we grew 15 diverse accessions (four modern cultivars, three landraces, and eight wild accessions) of pea in a certified organic setting. We measured various cover cropping traits, such as nutrient mobilization, soil organic matter deposition, and microbial recruitment, and quantified the effect of pea accession on the growth and yield of a subsequently planted crop of corn (Zea mays). We discovered that the domestication history of pea has a significant impact on soil properties. Specifically, domesticated peas (modern cultivars and landraces) had higher average plant–soil feedback values for amounts of nitrogen, carbon, and manganese compared to wild peas. Additionally, no variation for prokaryotic recruitment (α‐ and β‐diversity) was observed within pea; however, we did observe significant variation for fungal recruitment (α‐ and β‐diversity) due to domestication and accession. Our results demonstrate that there is variation present in peas, and likely all crops, that can be selected to improve them as rotational partners to ultimately boost crop yields in sustainable agroecosystems.