bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Problems of Theoretical and Historical Poetics in Ivan Esaulov’s Works: Methodology, Concept and New Categories of Russian Philology
Authors: Sytina Yuliya N.
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the contribution of Russian literary critic, doctor of Philology, Professor Ivan Andreevich Esaulov to the study of theoretical and historical poetics revealing his central scientific ideas and principles of building a new concept of the history of Russian literature. The researcher introduced several concepts as philological categories that had never been used in Philology before. These are sobornost (conciliarism), paskhalnost (Easter character), Zakon i Blagodat (Law and Grace), Christocentrism. Esaulov proposed a new definition of the content of Russian literature thanks to these categories. The researcher proved the fruitfulness of his approach for understanding Russian literature. The material for analysis is rather extensive: from Metropolitan Hilarion's Word about Law and Grace to the works of writers of the late 20th century. Esaulov's most important methodological position is the need to distinguish between analysis, understanding and interpretation. These are different approaches to studying a work of art. The scholar also introduces and justifies the concept of “spectrum of adequacy”, which implies a plurality of interpretations of a literary work.
The Poetics of Nocturnal Landscapes in Gogol’s Early Works
Authors: Dukkon Ágnes
Published: June 2020

In the present article the nocturnal landscapes of some of the short stories from the Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka and Viy from the Mirgorod cycle, are reconsidered, thus analysis is focused on the depiction of the Evil and the author’s attitude to the metaphysical background of this problem. The scrutiny is prompted by a few groups of questions: 1. what sort of poetic principles regulate the depictions of Ukrainian landscapes and the relationship between man and the ’scenery including him’ in N. V. Gogol’s early works? 2. how do a great variety of elements taken from different traditions cross each other at one point, such as the Bucolic (pastoral) poetry, clichés of Romanticism, folkloric archetypes and the author’s own, independent artistic means? 3. what is hidden behind the apparent Dualism of the Good and the Evil in Gogol’s early works? how do elements of Romanticist Weltanschauung and the traits of Evangelic (paskhal’naya) Aesthetics co-exist? With these questions traced down, the function of the multifoldness of the Gogolian prose can get verified alongside with identifying a close relationship between text and subtext. According to the approach of the author of the present article, the research into the ‘literary appearance’ of Gogol’s early works may reveal the various stages in the development of the writer’s artistic idea.
“Spirit of Russia” in the Song Lyrics About the City of Yelets
Authors: Trubitsina Nataliya A.
Published: June 2020

The paper attempts to substantiate the opinion of Professor I. A. Esaulov about the special “spirit” of Russia present in the urban space of the ancient provincial Yelets. The analysis uses the song lyrics of local poets of the early twentieth century, published in 1996 in the almanac “Yeletskaya byl”. The author comes to the conclusion that the Yelets poets in their works conveyed the unique flavor of their native land by means of contamination of the main cultural codes of the Yelets text — Yelets Orthodox, Yelets merchant, Yelets-a city of military glory. Local mythology played a major role in the formation of the Yelets text of culture. The appearance of the mother of God at Yelets to Khan Tamerlane, after which there was a miraculous escape from the ruin of Moscow and all Russia, became a “starting” event for the perception of Yelets as a sacred city under the patronage of the mother of God. The widespread use of Orthodox symbols in the song lyrics about Yelets emphasizes the predominance of the religious and spiritual component over the visual and secular landscape of the city.
The Dynamic Poetics of Mikhail Lermontov's Poem The Cliff (1841)
Authors: Kiseleva Irina A. , Potashova Ksenia A.
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the changes in the poetics of the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov The Cliff (1841) in the creative history of text. Based on the comparison of the draft and the faire copy of the poem, the poet’s path to creating an artistic image of value is reconstructed. A special place in the analysis of the dynamic poetics of The Cliff is given to the capture of changes in the details of space through which the poet joins the feelings of the natural world with human ones, thereby creating a projection of his own spiritual world. The motives for meetings, breakups, loneliness, anxiety and game occupy an important place in the evolution of the text from the draft to the fair copy. The article reveals the epistemological meaning of their manifestation in the text at different stages of its creation. The meaning of the personification in the poem The Cliff is to reveal the existential paradox associated with the fact that the ideal of a perfect person is a combination of a sensitive soul, understanding of the truth of heavenly dispassion and longing for the unity of earth and sky. “The Poetics of the Visible” is one of the signs of the Lermontian style and represents the spiritual world in natural images.
The Category of Sobornost’ in the Iconographic Chronicle Poem of Nikolay Leskov The Cathedral Clergy (Soboryane)
Authors: Mosaleva Galina V.
Published: June 2020

The article regards the evocation of sobornost’ (conciliarism) as a phenomenon of Orthodoxy in Leskov’s chronicle The Cathedral Clergy (Soboryane). The author emphasizes Leskov’s manner to poeticize Orthodox dogmatic teachings and the ways of their artistic presentation. By depicting clergy and its religious characters as part of the ideal modes of Russian life Leskov aims at refocusing readers’ attention on God-centered mind inherent in Russian literature of the 11th — 16th centuries. A five-part structure of the chronicle is aligned with Stargorod’s five-domed Cathedral. Leskov prefers patericon as an inner form associated with its temple and liturgical plots, motives and images. The structure of Leskov’s patericon is notable for its iconographic patterns and symbols — the trend which makes The Cathedral Clergy (Soboryane) a chronicle poem. By poetizing “an old Russian fairy tale” Leskov seems to restore Slavonic ornamental script as the main principle of his writing which is symbolized in “knitting pins” depicted in The Cathedral Clergy (Soboryane). Along with the focus on verbality and Orthodox fables Leskov poetizes the Holy Scripture. New Testament (the Gospel according to St. John in particular) seems to be central “hagiographic writing” related to Stargorod Trinity. The moment of truth for Leskov’s character (who is regarded as a christian) has to do with internal eventivity when a person finds himself in front of God’s face rather than with external one regardless of pressing social challenges of the latter. Storylines related to the communion with God reflect Leskov’s intention to convey mystical nature of Orthodox Christianity.
Contribution of Indonesia Cahaya Method to the Improvement of Early Childhood Teachers’ Skills
Authors: Masnipal Marhun
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The article is devoted to the enhancement of quality of teachers’ skills in Indonesia. Qualified teachers do not happen by themselves, it requires conscious, planned, continuous efforts to improve their knowledge and competencies. This research aims at examining the contribution of the Indonesia Cahaya Method to fostering teachers’ skills, including motivation in teaching, learning management skills, presenting effective learning materials, preparing interesting and fun learning, developing teaching aids; creating a dynamic learning atmosphere. The Indonesia Cahaya Method is one of the most popular learning methods for early childhood education system in Indonesia. This method was developed through a longitudinal study conducted by Dr. Masnipal, M.Pd. and Onyas Rohayati, which aims at determining the contribution of the Indonesia Cahaya Method to improving teaching skills of early c hildhood teachers.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted as follows: giving a pre-test to teacher before the training began; carrying out training (treatment) for 8 hours (2 x 4 hours) with the help of the team, applying the method into learning in their respective schools in 6–8 weeks (minimum 30 and a maximum of 40 classes); and conducting a post-test by a colleague (one of the teachers at the primary/elementary school) with observations and interviews.
Results. The research findings conclude that the Indonesia Cahaya Method has contributed to the improvement of early childhood teachers’ teaching performance. The improvement of teachers’ teaching skills can be seen in: teachers’ motivation in teaching, skills in managing learning, skills in presenting effective learning materials, interesting and fun learning packaging skills, and ability in creating an atmosphere dynamic learning. In addition, the improvement of teachers’ teaching skills was followed by an increase in students’ participation in learning.
Discussion and Conclusion. The training method is considered feasible to be followed, studied, developed and implemented in learning by early childhood education teachers. The results of this study add new references to various parties that the Indonesian Cahaya method can be an alternative in developing the competence of early childhood teachers and open up opportunities for further researchers to develop this method, especially at the elementary school level. The article targets primary school education managers and teachers.
The Impact of Non-Formal Education on Human Capital: A Generational Approach
Authors: Kicherova Marina N. , Efimova Galina Z.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The update rate of information and the scope of social transformations became a trend of modern life. To remain competitive, a person needs to foster his/her competencies and skills. Non-formal education is becoming the most mobile way to solve the tasks, allowing to quickly acquire relevant knowledge and experience. Research interest is focused on the impact of non-formal education on the formation and development of the human capital. The purpose of the article is to study the involvement of representatives of various generations in a non-formal education.
Materials and Methods. The research draws on the methodology of the in-depth interview interpretation analysis. The data was obtained using the focus group method: a series of 27 group interviews, 9 for each age category (youth, mature and older). The focus groups included 253 people – residents of Tyumen, Tobolsk, Ishim, and settlements in the South of the Tyumen region.
Results. The possibilities of non-formal education in the process of accumulation and realization of human capital were revealed. The analysis of the practices of youth, adult and older generation’s non-formal education was carried out. Based on the study of generational theories, the educational attitudes of various age groups and the needs for non-formal learningwere analyzed. Based on the analysis of the intensity of educational practices, three types of actors were identified depending on their involvement in non-formal education: the active type “eternal student”, the moderate type “situational student” and the passive type “indifferent student”, which were found in representatives of different generations. The authors identified the following things that motivate and demotivate people to receive non-formal education: operational updating of competencies, fostering of personal and professional skills for a specific professional position, reducing the qualification gap. Analysing the non-formal educational practices of youth, adults, and the older generation, the authors found that non-formal education significantly affects the dynamics of professionalization, the nature of social and labour transfers.
Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study will aid in sizing the impact of non-formal education on human capital in terms of the generational approach. The materials of the article are useful for building an educational ecosystem at the regional and national level and for practical application in the development and adjustment of strategies for working with people of different age groups.
Theoretical Analysis of Dimension Chains when Restoring the Landing Socket for Liner Sleeve Collar in the Depth of the Engines D-245 and D-260
Authors: Senin Petr V. , Rakov Nikolay V. , Smolyanov Alexey V. , Makeykin Anatoliy M.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Up to 23% of all cylinder blocks of used engines D-245 and D-260 have worn out sockets for the liner sleeve collar in-depth and shall be discarded. The aim of the study was to increase the durability of the cylinder blocks of the mentioned above engines by processing the sockets in the repair size with the subsequent installation of adjusting washers.
Materials and Methods. In the article, the method of dimensional analysis was used to solve the problems. Based on the data presented in the technical documentation, the dimension chains were calculated when the piston moves to the lower and upper dead center.
Results. The conducted studies of dimension chains found that when the piston moves to the lower and upper dead center with gaps in the joints corresponding to the new units, the distance between the bottom of the piston and the head of the unit can be from 0.488 to 1.592 mm, and with gaps corresponding to the permissible during operation – from ‒0.035 to 1.15 mm. According to the results of calculations, the depth of the socket under the liner collar in the boring process should be within 9,4+0,08+0,04 mm, i.e. in the range of 9.44...9.48 mm.
Discussion and Conclusion. As a result of the study, the dimensional analysis found that the permissible value for milling the block stopping plane is 0.35 mm, and the depth of the liner collar when installing the adjusting washer with a thickness of 0.4 mm shall be from 9.45 to 9.47 mm.
Modeling the Process of Heat Treatment of Liquid Products in a Plate Heat Exchanger Using an Integrated Energy-Substituting Installation
Authors: Gerber Yuriy B. , Gavrilov Aleksandr V. , Kiyan Natalya S.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Currently, the issue of reducing electrical energy consumption in the technologies of processing agricultural products, in particular, milk is topical. In large part, these costs are associated with the implementation of heat treatment processes. The reduction of electrical energy consumption can be achieved in several ways, one of which is the development and application of solar-powered installations. In this case, the consumption of traditional electrical energy is significantly reduced, but the manufactures have the task of coordinating the installation parameters and the real production conditions of enterprises.
Materials and Methods. The study examined energy consumption in milk processing technologies, plate heat exchanger operation modes and heliocollector performance indicators. The heating temperature of the coolant and the product was determined with an instrument complex that allows registering the temperature values in 8 different control points and transmitting the received signals to the personal computer hard disk. The method for defining the parameters of the plant for preparing the coolant in the technologies of milk processing with the use of a complex energy-substituting unit is proposed. The new technique provides a reduction of electric energy consumption from 30 to 70%.
Results. The consumption of electrical energy for thermal processes can be reduced by using solar energy. To solve the problem of optimizing the ratio of product consumption, heating area in the heat exchanger, the area of the solar collectors of the energy-substituting installation, it is recommended to use the obtained graphical dependencies and the formula for determining the area of the solar collectors.
Discussion and Conclusion. It is possible to determinate the area of solar collectors of complex energy-substituting installation for real production conditions through using the obtained analytical dependence taking into account the dependence the specified parameter on a temperature mode of heating, the area of a surface of heating in the heat exchanger, and weight of milk being processed per unit of time. The obtained graphical dependencies make it possible to determine the product consumption and heating area for the given heating temperature values.
Technology for Monitoring and Control of Air Flows Inside Metal Silos during Grain Storage
Authors: Razvorotnev Alexandr S. , Gavrichenkov Yuri D.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Preservation of grain crops in flat-bottomed metal silos is not possible without monitoring and control of air flows in the internal volume. In the silos with uncontrolled air flows, there is a redistribution of moisture and additional moistening of the grain surface layer that leads to losses of about 2% of grain. The aim of this work is to develop a technology for preventing the grain surface layer from humidifying during storage in metal silos.
Materials and Methods. Under laboratory conditions, aerodynamic parameters of wheat and soybean grains were determined in the range of filtration rates less than 0.15 m/s. In metal silos, with a capacity of 2,000, 3,000 and 10,000 t, the temperature and relative humidity of the air inside at the top of the silos and outside were measured simultaneously. The temperature and relative humidity measurement period was 30 min for two and five months. Autonomous recorders were used for measurement.
Results. A new objective standard of grain ventilation is proposed ‒ minimum (critical) filtration rate, which ensures moisture removal outside the silo. The analytical studies produced an equation for calculating the weighted average filtration rate of air leaving the grain mass. The total air flow rate corresponding to the weighted average filtration rate will provide a filtration rate of at least critical over the entire surface and will exclude moisture settling. The periods of air saturation with moisture up to 100% in the supervisory space under the roof of the silo have been determined experimentally. The mechanism of heat emission up to the silo roof space from the depth of grain mass during storage has been clarified.
Discussion and Conclusion. The algorithm for safe active ventilation of grain and roof space in metal silos is proposed. Limit values of relative humidity of atmospheric air are recommended, the use of which will exclude humidification of grain mass when ventilating actively in the range of temperature difference between grain and atmosphere up to 30 °С and more. The obtained data can be used by mechanical engineers in the manufacture of metal silos and by grain producers in the operation of the said silos.
A new small-flowered Cyrtochilum species (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) from the Condor mountains in Ecuador
Authors: Dalström Stig , Higgins Wesley
Published: June 2020

A new small-flowered species of Cyrtochilum  from  the  isolated  range  of  the  Condor  mountains   in   Ecuador   is   described   and   illustrated   with   a   line   drawing   and   a   photograph   of   the   holotype.   It   shares   morphological  features  with  several  different-­looking  groups  of  Cyrtochilum,  such  as  the  two  generitypes  of   the  genus:  C.  undulatum  and C. flexuosum,  as  well  as  with  plants  in  the  C.  myanthum  complex.  These  groups   are   treated   as   three   separate   genera   by   some   (Cyrtochilum,   Trigonochilum   and  Dasyglossum, respectively),   but  the  combination  of  morphological  features  seen  in  our  new  species  brings  the  groups  together  into  one   polymorphic  but  genetically  monophyletic  genus.

Key words:  Condor,  Cyrtochilum,  new  species,  Oncidiinae
Corpus lingüísticos de habla infantil y representatividad: el valor de los datos en repertorios de habla en desarrollo
Authors: Fernández-Pérez Milagros
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo destaca la importancia de la composición sobre la cantidad en los inventarios de datos de habla infantil. Las garantías de representatividad exigidas a catálogos de muestras verbales suelen ceñirse a la dimensión cuantitativa, de modo que las propiedades cualitativas ligadas a la naturaleza del propio repertorio no siempre parecen bien definidas y, de manera particular, apenas se contemplan en fuentes de habla en desarrollo. Nuestra contribución, de orden teórico-metodológico, justifica la necesidad de atribuir relevancia a las muestras de habla infantil sobre criterios cualitativos que alcanzan a características genuinas de la lengua-en-proceso. El lenguaje de los niños no está suficientemente documentado, así que antes que “corpus de referencia” con garantías de representatividad cuantitativa, los inventarios de habla infantil sustentan su valor en el significado de las muestras por sus propiedades idiosincrásicas. En concreto, defendemos tres dimensiones requeridas para la pertinencia de los datos en un corpus de adquisición de la lengua: (a) que contengan registros evolutivos de datos longitudinales; (b) que incluyan variables de contexto idiomático y de entorno habitual que canalizan el input; y (c) que se trate de compilaciones densas de muestras, o de compilaciones con diversidad de sujetos, para que en todo caso revelen los patrones interesantes y no solo los frecuentes.
The Extended Congress: Reimagining scientific meetings after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Margolis Alvaro , Balmer Jann Torrance , Zimmerman Andrea , López-Arredondo Antonio
Published: June 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the medical meetings planned for 2020. This health crisis has caused the cancellation, postponement or a pivot in educational design to virtual formats. In the latter case, the format for virtual meetings has remained very similar to the cancelled face-to-face meeting, by using primarily web conferencing systems.This article intends to start a dialogue with the medical education and events community about possible delivery formats. Among them, the concept of an "Extended Congress" is introduced.The extended congress uses the extension of time, space and languages to a scientific meeting. It aims to: 1) unleash the reach of traditional meetings through the use of technology to access larger audiences in different languages, across a country and internationally, with local leaders to help interpret the knowledge and localize it, and 2) to improve knowledge translation into practice through a sequential and active learning process.An ongoing example is described as a proof of concept: the Latin American Peritoneal Dialysis Extended Congress attracted 774 remote participants from over 20 countries, 93% of whom were paid registrants. Initially designed as a hybrid (live plus remote) event scheduled for March 2020, it had to be reframed as a remote only meeting due to the COVID-19 pandemic, thus protecting the health of members while providing continued value to the organization and attendees of the event.With this experience in mind, the authors are currently designing programs in the United States, through collaboration with the University of Virginia Office of Continuing Medical Education.In summary, the design of meetings can better utilize and integrate technology and reach larger audiences with a blend of formats. Those organizations that adapt more quickly to offer these events will concentrate more of the share, as seen with the adoption of technology by other industries.
Estimates of effective reproduction number of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Brazil using phylodynamic analysis
Authors: Silva Raimundo da
Published: June 2020

The estimation of epidemiological parameters (e.g., R0) is an important aspect to mitigate the effects of infectious diseases. With the development of phylodynamic approaches, now it’s possible estimating of epidemiological parameters directly from phylogenetic trees. Here, phylodynamic approaches are used to infer epidemiological parameters from Brazilian SARS-CoV-2 genomes. This study reports a decrease in Re to 1.17 (occurred around mid-March). Re = 1.17 is a value similar to previous reports of R using classical epidemiological approaches and shows evidence of the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil.
Concrete moisture diffusivity determination using electrical resistivity measurements
Authors: Alaswad Gasim
Published: June 2020

The movement of water in concrete structures and buildings is a fundamental subject and therefore it is necessary to understand the mechanisms and processes involved. This paper presents a method to estimate the moisture diffusivity of concrete using gravimetric measurements, together with discretised electrical resistivity measurements. To improve the repeatability of the method, various concrete mixes with and without supplementary cementitious materials were tested. The samples were conditioned under two regimes representing poor and good curing; the samples were then exposed to a simulated hot environment with a diurnal temperature fluctuation of 20–40°C and 60% ambient relative humidity. The basis of the method was to measure the amount of water absorbed by the concrete sample at different depths as a function of time and then Boltzmann's transformation was used to analyse the experimental results obtained. Once a master curve using the Boltzmann transformation is formed, the moisture diffusivity can be obtained. The results showed that the relationship between moisture diffusivity and moisture content can be described by an exponential function.
Application of an acoustic emission source-tracing method to visualise shear banding in granular materials
Authors: Lin Wenli , Mao Wuwei , Liu Ang , Koseki Junichi
Published: June 2020

The acoustic emission (AE) technique can be used to locate failure-induced AE sources and provides an alternative to continuously visualise the development of failures inside stressed materials; however, a literature review reveals almost no studies regarding its application for source location in granular materials. Yet the visualisation of ubiquitously observed strain localisation and shear banding is critical to an in-depth understanding of the progressive failure mechanism of granular materials. In this paper, an original AE source three-dimensional (3D) tracing code based on the idea of ‘time difference of arrival’ (TDOA) was developed using Matlab programming, for the first time, to continuously visualise particle-scale interactions involved in saturated granular soils. After validating its feasibility through a series of pencil lead break (PLB) tests, the developed AE source 3D tracing code was applied to saturated granular soils subjected to drained triaxial shearing. Both the results of PLB tests and drained triaxial shearing tests demonstrate a good consistency between the traced AE source and actual PLB/particle interaction-induced sources. This suggests that the developed AE source 3D tracing code could be used to visualise the initiation and evolution of strain localisation and shear banding in saturated granular soils subjected to drained triaxial shearing.
Landslide influence zone – a hidden hazard
Authors: Puzrin Alexander M.
Published: June 2020

Inspired by two practical cases in Switzerland, the paper investigates a problem of elevated earth pressures downslope of existing landslides. This problem is relevant for both permanent landslides and one-time events, and of particular practical interest is the area of the stable slope just below the landslide high-pressure compression zone. Intuitively, there should be a transition zone, within which high landslide pressures subside to the far field (at rest) earth pressures in the stable slope. How large is this transition zone and how fast do the earth pressures decrease away from the slide? The paper proposes a basic mechanism of the downhill pressure transfer within the stable part of the slope below a landslide. The mechanism combines the failure at the bottom of the unstable part of the slope with progressive growth of the slip surface into the stable part, accounting for the groundwater flow and potential presence of embedded structures. It allows the determination of the dimensions of the ‘landslide influence zone’ below the landslide and the lateral earth pressures within it, providing some insights for design considerations and future hazard mapping.
Numerical analyses of a prefabricated retaining system for foundation pits in silt soils
Authors: Guo Chengchao , Wang Ruisong , Lin Peiyuan , Wang Fuming
Published: June 2020

This paper first introduces a new prefabricated recyclable retaining system that can be used to stabilise foundation pit excavation, particularly in urban areas. The new retaining system mainly consists of a steel frame, steel panels and bead polymer layers. A three-dimensional numerical model is built in Abaqus software to carry out numerical analyses on such a system that is used for a working shaft excavated in silts for a pipe-jacking project in Northern China. The model is first validated by comparing the analyses results against field monitoring data. After the validation, the model is further used to investigate the stresses and deformations of the main structural members of the new retaining system, including the H-piles and steel panels. The ground surface settlement corresponding to the type of the retaining system is also studied. In addition, the influence of the thickness of steel panels and pile embedded ratio on the stresses and deformations of the panels and piles is examined. The retaining system introduced in this study is shown to have good potential to be used in the stabilisation of foundation pits in urban areas from the perspective of safety, fast construction, recyclable utilisation and reasonable cost.
Natural-dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells for solar energy conversion
Authors: Shiyani Tulshi , Agrawal Sagar , Banerjee Indrani
Published: June 2020

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were characterized to determine the band edge potential position for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Zinc oxide films were fabricated on a fluorine-doped tin (IV) oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrate using the sputtering method. Natural dyes were extracted from basil, spinach, pomegranate, thor and sunflower using the aqueous method. A layer of natural dye was deposited on zinc oxide thin film through the drop-casting method and dried at room temperature to make hybrid photoelectrodes to enhance the performance of photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) devices. These hybrid photoelectrodes were characterized using structural, optical and PEC measurements. PECs were tested for generating photocurrent and photovoltage using a three-electrode system in a 0.1 M sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) electrolyte. It was found that natural dye plays an important role in enhancing the performance of the hybrid PEC. The dye-sensitized PEC achieved energy conversion efficiency from 0.2 to 0.7% with increment of 15–33% due to the usage of various natural dyes on zinc oxide. Solar energy conversion using these hybrid photoelectrodes may lead to an eco-friendly and cheap way of generating solar fuels in the future.
Optimum design of speed hump based on empirical data
Authors: Chandra Satish , Ravi Sekhar Chalumuri , Ruhina Begum Mahmood
Published: June 2020

Traffic calming techniques are extensively used as safety tools to reduce the speed of motorised vehicles along any type of paved road. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of isolated speed humps on urban roads in India and to suggest an optimised geometry of speed humps for the desired level of speed reduction. For this, five different urban road sections were identified in Delhi and video graphic data were collected at each study section. The median speed of vehicles at each grid is estimated and speed profiles were developed for each category of vehicle approaching the speed hump. The speed behaviour of the vehicles approaching a circular or parabolic shape of isolated speed hump are examined and compared. This study developed speed profile models using regression techniques for an individual vehicle and also for the combined data. The observed speed of the vehicle was considered as a response variable and the physical properties of the speed humps were considered as explanatory variables. Further, the combined linear equation was considered for determining the optimum height and entry radius of the speed hump for the desired speed by using the simplex method.
Capital Flows, Asset Prices, and the Real Economy: A "China Shock" in the U.S. Real Estate Market
Authors: Ammer John , Rogers John , Wang Gang , Yu Yang
Published: June 2020

We study the effects of foreign real estate capital flows on local asset prices and employment using detailed housing transactions data. We document (i) a &amp;amp;quot;China shock&amp;amp;quot; in the U.S. real estate market after 2007 driven by the Chinese government&amp;amp;#x27;s house purchase restrictions and (ii) &amp;amp;quot;home bias&amp;amp;quot; in foreign Chinese housing purchases in the United States as they are concentrated in ZIP codes historically populated by ethnic Chinese. Exploiting the quasi-random temporal and spatial variation of real estate capital inflows from China, we find that foreign Chinese housing purchases have a positive and significant effect on local housing and labor markets. A one standard deviation increase in exposure to these purchases explains 24% and 18% of the cross-ZIP-code variation in local house prices and employment, respectively, with the employment effect transmitted through a housing net worth channel. We also show that these purchases drive out lower-income residents. Our results highlight the role of foreign real estate capital flows in both stimulating the real economy and inducing gentrification in local economies.
Concept of managing the employee interactions as subjects of the developing knowledge economy
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bogunov Leonid A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The article shows that in the developing knowledge economy the labor nature is largely determined by the quality of the employee interactions as subjects of knowledge of their own labor activity. Aims. To reveal the possibilities of implementing the management of the employee interactions as subjects of knowledge of their own labor activity. Methods. Elements of the dialectical, systematic, competence-based approaches were used and, accordingly, methods of system analysis and synthesis, formalization, as well as essential aspects of the interaction principle were involved. Results. The article considers the concept that the process of managing the employee interactions as subjects of knowledge of their own labor activity involves managing the interactions between individual knowledge of the employee labor actions, where each knowledge can be determined by a competent group or individual agent of management in terms of total and marginal utility and accordingly, is organized to address the actual issues of the developing knowledge economy. Conclusion. The concept of managing the employee interactions discussed in the article can be applied to the tasks of training modern competent management specialists for the developing knowledge economy, it can also serve as the basis for new research to improve management efficiency.
Processing of leaf spectra v1
Authors: K Schweiger Anna , Laliberté Etienne
Published: June 2020

Steps for processing leaf spectra measured with an integrating sphere
Raising Children to Speak Their Heritage Language in the USA: Roles of Korean Parents
Authors: Lee Guang-Lea , Gupta Abha
Published: June 2020

Parents play a significant role in fostering Korean-American children’s heritage language learning. This qualitative inquiry investigates Korean immigrant parents’ beliefs and the language practices they engage in to raise their children to speak Korean. Based on questionnaires completed by 40 parents and in-depth, open-ended interviews with 5 parents, this study specifically focuses on Korean parents residing in an area with a low Korean immigrant population and how they perceive, foster, and advocate for their children’s Heritage Language (HL) learning. The findings show that parents play crucial roles as active advocates of their children’s HL learning and positive belief in HL maintenance, making best efforts to help their children see the value of learning. In addition, the findings show that parents serve as HL educators, who create an HL learning environment, instruct HL reading and writing, and incorporate digital tools and popular culture for HL learning.
Establishing Disciplinary English in the Curriculum for English Majors in Chinese Tertiary Education
Authors: He Zhongqing
Published: June 2020

Despite several reforms in English language teaching (ELT) for English majors at university level in China over the past decades, few studies have paid attention to how the curriculum for English majors needs modifying. The article calls for the establishment of disciplinary English as an important component in the English major curriculum in Chinese tertiary education. Focusing specifically on the development of ELT for English majors, this article discusses how disciplinary English might help solve literacy problems faced by English majors and clarifies the need for disciplinary English and its position in the English major curriculum. Disciplinary English is the research and teaching of English used in disciplines in higher education context and it can be further classified in line with different types of disciplines and fields of practice. Disciplinary English is related to English for academic purposes (EAP) and disciplinary literacy in six aspects: context, students, nature, syllabus, aim, and focus. The establishment of disciplinary English in the English major curriculum has important implications for the future development of ELT for English majors in China.
An Analysis of Emily's Characters in A Rose for Emily from the Perspective of Narration
Authors: Bai Xiaojun , Zhang Xiaotong , Li Yihui
Published: June 2020

William Faulkner, once won the Nobel Prize in 1950 presentation speech, is considered as one of the grandest Southern American novelists, because he is seemingly the "unrivaled master of all living British and American novelists". A Rose for Emily is one of Faulkner's most excellent short novels. Besides, the narrative of spaces in this novel is changeable and subtle, and the research on it has always been both difficult and hot. This paper attempts to interpret A Rose for Emily from a narrative style, to explore how Faulkner constructed the narrative of the novel, and then to analyze the characters of Emily in the novel.
Christen Gemeinde, Bürgergemeinden, Migranten, Aktiengesellschaften, Finanzmärkte …
Authors: Field David
Published: June 2020

The thesis of this article is that the arrival and non-arrival of African migrants fractures the pseudo innocence of Western Europe exposing its colonial entanglements hence challenging the church to develop a decolonial theological politics. The article develops such a politics by re-examining and reconfiguring elements of Barth’s theological politics. It draws on his understanding of the “lordless powers” and of God taking the side of the poor and rereads them in the light of a counter imperial reading of the New Testament. This forms the basis for a reconfiguring of themes from his Christian Community and Civil Community.
African religions as “parables of the Kingdom”?
Authors: Hartman Tim
Published: June 2020

This article engages Swiss theologian Karl Barth’s understanding of true words of revelation coming through cultural media (“parables of the Kingdom” in Church Dogmatics IV/3, §69.2) in juxtaposition with Ghanaian theologian Kwame Bediako’s understanding of African traditional religions as “evangelical preparation” for the Christian faith, claiming that since God has been active among Africans for millennia, Africans have been worshipping the same God as Christians. In contrast, Barth understands Jesus Christ to be prophetically proclaiming a message of good news that opposes many (Western) cultural assumptions. Barth’s understanding of Jesus Christ as the “Light of Life” serves to desacralize the Christian community and the Biblical Scriptures and collapses the categories of “sacred” and “profane.” Eliminating this binary categorization opens the possibility of affirming traditional African religions as media of revelation.
Humanity matters: The strange priestly yes of God actualised amidst the struggles of life
Authors: Taljaard Anlené
Published: June 2020

Barth’s rejection of natural theology gives the impression that his theology holds only negative views of anthropology. A description of the office of the priesthood of Christ offers insight into how humanity matters in the theology of Karl Barth. The article argues that Christ, the priest, actualised and effectuated the strange priestly yes of God to humanity. The strange priestly yes of God to humanity can be understood, as grounded upon the radical yes of God to humanity, revealed and actualised in the incarnated person and redemptive history of Jesus Christ as the one who is the Son of God and the Son of man.
Karl Barth’s Christology and Jan Christian Smuts’ Human Rights Rhetoric
Authors: Wolff Michelle
Published: June 2020

South African statesman Jan Christian Smuts’ (1870–1950) domestic and international politics diverge greatly; his domestic policy has been eschewed as a precursor to apartheid (1948–1994), but his international policy heralded for advancing human rights rhetoric because he authored the charters for both the League of Nations (1920) and United Nations (1945). Scholars struggle to reconcile these seemingly conflicting legacies. WEB du Bois, Peder Anker, and Saul Dubow suggest that Smuts embodies capitalist greed, bad science, and redefined political terms. I argue that Karl Barth’s theology adroitly illuminates the problem of empire for Smuts and present day appeals to human rights rhetoric. Barth’s theology poses a three-fold challenge to Smuts. First, Barth articulates a critique of natural theology found embedded within Smuts’ philosophy of holism; second, Barth critiques liberal politics that Smuts typifies; and, third, Barth’s refusal to side with Eastern or Western empires runs counter to Smuts’ imperial sensibilities. Ultimately, I argue that Barth’s Christology offers a constructive alternative vision for sociality.
Millennialism, rapture and “Left Behind” literature.
Authors: De Villiers Pieter GR
Published: June 2020

This article represents a research overview of the nature, historical roots, social contexts and growth of millennialism as a remarkable religious and cultural phenomenon in modern times. It firstly investigates the notions of eschatology, millennialism and rapture that characterize millennialism. It then analyses how and why millennialism that seems to have been a marginal phenomenon, became prominent in the United States through the evangelistic activities of Darby, initially an unknown pastor of a minuscule faith community from England and later a household name in the global religious discourse. It analyses how millennialism grew to play a key role in the religious, social and political discourse of the twentieth century. It finally analyses how Darby’s ideas are illuminated when they are placed within the context of modern England in the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth century. In a conclusion some key challenges of the place and role of millennialism as a movement that reasserts itself continuously, are spelled out in the light of this history.
Ministerial formation policies of the Northern Theological Seminary of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa:
Authors: Kgatla ST
Published: June 2020

This article investigates the theoretical and practical effectiveness of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa’s (URCSA) ministerial formation of the Northern Synod. The URCSA is part of the Reformed Movement (Calvinism) that was established by the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) of South Africa that mainly came from the Netherlands to establish itself in South Africa and later established ethnic churches called daughter churches into existence in terms of a racially designed formula. After many years of the Dutch Reformed Church missionary dominance, the URCSA constituted its first synod in 1994 after the demise of apartheid. It was only after this synod that the URCSA through its ministerial formation tried to shake off the legacy of colonial paternalism and repositioned itself to serve its members; however, it fell victim to new ideological trappings. This article is based on a study that traces some basic Reformed practices and how the URCSA Theological Seminary of the Northern Synod dealt or failed to deal with them in its quest for the ideal theological ministerial formation.
Seek the shalom of the city
Authors: Mashau Thinadavha Derrick
Published: June 2020

This article is a missiological response to the migration and homelessness challenges, especially issues of socio-economic and political marginalisation, as experienced by foreign nationals in the City of Tshwane. The most pressing question which this article seeks to investigate is: “What action can faith communities in diaspora take to contribute towards the regeneration of their host city?” Using literature study and a contextual Bible reading of Jeremiah 29:1–7 from the lenses of both trained and ordinary readers, this article encourages faith communities in diaspora to activelyparticipate in seeking the shalom and well-being of their host city by praying and working towards urban renewal.
Theology of dialogue in peace negotiations and settlement:
Authors: Resane Kelebogile T
Published: June 2020

The early nineties ushered in the dawn of democracy; and attempts towards negotiations and settlement for peaceful elections were due to theological dialogues that seem to have been obscured later. This article explores the meaning, method, and implementation of theology of dialogue in peace negotiations and settlements. The role of five dialogues is explored as cases for South Africa during that time. Reference is made to the impact dialogical theology made upon the socio-political landscape during the negotiations that led to some peaceful elections that opened the door for the new democracy in South Africa. Theology of dialogue is proposed as a powerful approach to peace making and settlement in any socio-religious or socio-political tensions and impasses.