bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological features and outcome of type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Min B-H , Hong M , Lee J H , Rhee P-L , Sohn T S , Kim S , Kim K-M , Kim J J
Published: June 2018

Background

With the widespread use of endoscopy, small and low-grade type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are increasingly being detected. The clinicopathological features, biological behaviour and appropriate treatment strategy for these NETs remain unclear.

Methods

Patients with biopsy-proven gastric NET and a normal fasting serum gastrin level were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Clinicopathological features and long-term outcome of local resection for type 3 NETs were reviewed retrospectively and compared according to tumour grade.

Results

Some 32 patients with type 3 gastric NETs were included (25 patients with NET grade G1, 5 with G2 and 2 with G3). Pathological tumour size was 2·0 cm or less in 30 patients. All tumours were well differentiated, even G3 lesions, and all tumours but one were confined to the submucosal layer. G1 NETs were significantly smaller and had a significantly lower lymphovascular invasion rate than G2 and G3 NETs. Twenty-two patients with a G1 NET without lymphovascular invasion were treated with wedge or endoscopic resection. After a median follow-up of 59 (range 6–102) months, no patient with a G1 NET of 1·5 cm or smaller developed recurrence and one patient with a G1 NET larger than 1·5 cm had recurrence in a perigastric lymph node. Among seven patients with a G2 or G3 NET, two had lymph node metastasis and one had liver metastases.

Conclusion

Low-grade type 3 gastric NET has non-aggressive features and a favourable prognosis. Wedge or endoscopic resection may be a valid option for patients with type 3 gastric G1 NET no larger than 1·5 cm without lymphovascular invasion.
Hepatitis B vaccination using a dissolvable microneedle patch is immunogenic in mice and rhesus macaques
Authors: Perez Cuevas Monica B. , Kodani Maja , Choi Youkyung , Joyce Jessica , O'Connor Siobhan M. , Kamili Saleem , Prausnitz Mark R.
Published: June 2018

Chronic Hepatitis B virus infection remains a major global public health problem, accounting for about 887,000 deaths in 2015. Perinatal and early childhood infections are strongly associated with developing chronic hepatitis B. Adding a birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB BD) to routine childhood vaccination can prevent over 85% of these infections. However, HepB BD coverage remains low in many global regions, with shortages of birth attendants trained to vaccinate and limited HepB BD supply at birth. To address the challenges, we developed coated metal microneedle patches (cMNPs) and dissolvable microneedle patches (dMNPs) that deliver adjuvant‐free hepatitis B vaccine to the skin in a simple‐to‐administer manner. The dMNP contains micron‐scale, solid needles encapsulating vaccine antigen and dissolve in the skin, generating no sharps waste. We delivered HepB BD via cMNP to BALB/c mice and via dMNP to both mice and rhesus macaques. Both cMNP and dMNP were immunogenic, generating hepatitis B surface antibody levels similar to human seroprotection. Biomechanical analysis showed that at high forces the microneedles failed mechanically by yielding but microneedles partially blunted by axial compression were still able to penetrate skin. Overall, this study indicates that with further development, dMNPs could offer a method of vaccination to increase HepB BD access and reduce needle waste in developing countries.
Mathematical modeling and simulation of a two‐phase fluidized‐bed bioreactor with an external aerator
Authors: Skoneczny Szymon
Published: June 2018

The article presents a mathematical model and steady‐state characteristics of a continuous‐flow two‐phase fluidized‐bed bioreactor with external aeration. The quantitative description includes biofilm growth on inert carriers, distributions of density, and diffusion coefficients in biofilm, decay of microorganisms, gas–liquid and liquid‐biofilm mass transfer, biofilm detachment, biomass thickening and recirculation. The method for the determination of steady‐states and the assessment of stability based on the orthogonal collocation method was presented. The effect of key parameters on steady‐state properties of the bioreactor was analyzed. These parameters are: carbonaceous substrate concentration in the feed stream, mean residence time of the liquid and the liquid recirculation ratio. It was shown, that stream recirculation improves aeration of the liquid phase and the degree of conversion of a carbonaceous substrate. The effect of a growth kinetic model on the steady‐state multiplicity was proved and discussed. The applicability of the bioreactor was assessed for aerobic processes characterized by a varied oxygen requirement, expressed by the growth yield coefficient wBT. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2018 © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1109–1119, 2018
Bad times are not good times for revolutions: Collective deprivation and the mobilization level of French radical movements (1882–1980)
Authors: Varaine Simon
Published: June 2018

Contrary to a popular belief, research has generally found no relationship between collective economic deprivation and the rise of radical political movements. On the other hand, various studies show that collective economic deprivation generates societal surges of conservatism. I therefore hypothesize that the absence of a relationship between collective deprivation and radical movements covers up opposite effects of collective deprivation depending on the ideology of radical movements: Reactionary (i.e., conservative radical) movements should mobilize more in times of collective deprivation, whereas revolutionary (i.e., progressive radical) movements should mobilize more in times of collective improvement. This paper tests this hypothesis via a new database measuring the level of mobilization of French radical organizations from 1882 to 1980. Statistical analyses confirm that collective deprivation, operationalized by long‐term economic recession and long‐term growth of inequality, increases the mobilization of reactionary movements and decreases the mobilization of revolutionary movements. These results contradict the view that economic conditions have no role in triggering radical movements and support recent development of system justification theory implying that ideology matters in the explanation of collective action.
Allelopathic Effect ofEucalyptus citriodoraEssential Oil and Its Potential Use as Bioherbicide
Authors: Benchaa Sara , Hazzit Mohamed , Abdelkrim Hacène
Published: June 2018

The current study aimed to evaluate the negative allelopathic effect ofEucalyptus citriodoraessential oil on some of the most noxious weeds in Algeria (Sinapis arvensis,Sonchus oleraceus,Xanthium strumariumandAvena fatua). Gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) andGC/mass spectrometry (MS) were used to define the chemical composition of the oil. Citronellal (64.7%) and citronellol (10.9%) were the major essential oil compounds. Three concentrations of the oil were used for laboratory (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03%) and greenhouse (1, 2 and 3%) experiments. Seed germination and seedling's growth were drastically reduced in response to the oil concentrations where at 0.01 and 0.02% the oil drastically affects the seed germination of the tested weeds and at 0.03% the oil suppresses completely the germination ofS.arvensis. The oil also exhibited strong allelopathic effect on the 3 – 4 leaf‐stage plants 1 and 6 days after treatment. A completely death ofS.arvensis,S.oleraceusandA.fatuaand severe injuries onX.strumariumappeared at 3% of the oil. Chlorophyll content and membrane integrity were significantly affected after treatment of the plant weeds representing a severe reduction in total chlorophyll and cell membrane disruption. The study concludes thatE.citriodoraessential oil might has the potential use as bioherbicide and can constitute an alternative process of weed control.
Making sense of endovascular therapies for femoropopliteal disease
Authors: Altin S. Elissa , Abbott J. Dawn
Published: June 2018

Key Points

The femoropoliteal segment is a common target for endovascular intervention and the unique biomechanical forces on the arteries increase the risk of restenosis

This large meta‐analysis supports drug coated balloons as the initial endovascular strategy due to lower risk of target lesion revascularization compared to other modalities

Whether there are subgroups of patients or lesion types that benefit from an alternative revascularization approach is unclear and warrants investigation
Transcatheter treatment of aortic regurgitation: Still enigmatic
Authors: Block Peter C.
Published: June 2018

Key Points

In the thirty patients with aortic regurgitation in the Jupiter Postmarket Registry, initial device success of JenaValve implantation showed a high success rate of >95% with a device success rate of ∼89%. At one year transvalvar aortic gradients were an acceptable ∼13 mm Hg.

Aortic regurgitation in patients in the Jupiter Postmarket Registry continued to be reduced at one‐year follow‐up with no/trace aortic regurgitation in 50% (though numbers are small).

Patients with aortic regurgitation constitute a small number (∼10–15%) of patients with symptomatic aortic valve disease, and follow‐up numbers in the Jupiter Postmarket Registry are small (30 patients) with one year echo data in only 23 patients, making broad conclusions about JenaValve results for patients with aortic regurgitation problematic.
Bifurcation lesion assessment with advanced quantitative coronary angiography: A method still wanting
Authors: Kern Morton J. , Seto Arnold H.
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Bifurcations are particularly prone to errors in visual estimation of diameter stenosis.

Dedicated bifurcation QCA software confirmed only 26–27% of side branch lesions visually estimated to have >50% DS.

Validation against physiologic measures is necessary to determine whether bifurcation QCA software has value.
Long‐term clinical observations for a biofunctionalized stent: Yet to deliver their theoretical benefits
Authors: Nakamura Kenta , Dean Larry S.
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may allow accelerated and functional endothelialization of stents, theoretically reducing late stent complications as well reducing the duration of DAPT.

In a pilot study of 193 patients at high risk of target vessel failure (TVF), the Genous EPC capturing stent (ESC) and TAXUS Liberté paclitaxel‐eluting second‐generation stent (PES) were similar at 5‐years.

Events rates appear higher for ESC within the first‐year followed by higher rate of complications for PES during years 2–5.

A larger randomized multi‐center trials powered for non‐inferiority of ECS to PES is underway.
Mechanical support for high risk PCI: One pump still doesn't fit all
Authors: Alraies M. Chadi , Gilchrist Ian C.
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Mechanical circulatory support using Impella for high risk PCI is associated with better procedural and hemodynamic outcome compared with IABP although mortality benefit has been elusive.

Limited evidence is available to study the effectiveness and safety of mechanical circulatory support in high risk PCI patients and much of it is confounded by underpowered and heterogeneous sample sizes.

Lack of randomized trials studying contemporary percutaneous left ventricular assist devices is attributed to difficulty in randomizing high risk patients into trials of hemodynamic support.
Contrast induced nephropathy after coronary or vascular intervention: More biomarkers than answers
Authors: Annamalai Shiva K. , Kapur Navin K.
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Rising urine NGAL and serum creatinine after 48 hr are potentially useful in predicting persistent creatinine increase in patients with contrast‐induced AKI.

Urinary NGAL may allow for early identification of a high‐risk cohort following PCI.

Future studies are needed to determine whether renal biomarkers are affected by clinical variables, such as heart failure acute mechanical circulatory support (AMCS) and whether they can be used to identify patients who would benefit from either AMCS reno‐protection during PCI remains unknown.
Why do we avoid radial procedures?
Authors: Reilly John P.
Published: June 2018

Key Points

This meta‐analysis of randomized trials demonstrated no statistically significant difference in the incidence of MACE between patients who underwent trans‐ulnar or the trans‐radial cardiac catheterization.

No differences in arterial access time, fluoroscopy time, and contrast load between the two groups.
In Situ Stripline Electrochemical NMR for Batteries
Authors: Sorte Eric G. , Banek Nathan A. , Wagner Michael J. , Alam Todd M. , Tong YuYe J.
Published: June 2018

Some long‐outstanding technical challenges exist that continue to be of hindrance to fully harnessing the unique investigative advantages of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the in situ investigation of rechargeable battery chemistry. For instance, the conducting materials and circuitry necessary for an operational battery always deteriorate the coil‐based NMR sensitivity when placed inside the coil, and the shape mismatch between them leads to low sample filling factors and even higher detection limits. We report, herein, a novel and successful adaptation of stripline NMR detection that integrates seamlessly NMR detection with the construction of an electrochemical device in general, or a battery in particular, which leads to an in situ electrochemical NMR technique with much higher detection sensitivity, higher sample filling factor, and which is particularly suitable for mass‐limited samples.
Role of Boron and Phosphorus in Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution by Nickel Borides and Nickel Phosphides
Authors: Masa Justus , Andronescu Corina , Antoni Hendrik , Sinev Ilya , Seisel Sabine , Elumeeva Karina , Barwe Stefan , Marti‐Sanchez Sara , Arbiol Jordi , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: June 2018

The modification of nickel with boron or phosphorus leads to significant enhancement of its electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the precise role of the guest elements, B and P, in enhancing the OER of the host element (Ni) remains unclear. Herein, we present insight into the role of B and P in enhancing electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution by nickel borides and nickel phosphides. The apparent activation energy, Ea*, of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution on Ni2P was 78.4 kJ/mol, on Ni2B 65.4 kJ/mol, and on Ni nanoparticles 94.0 kJ/mol, thus revealing that both B and P affect the intrinsic activity of nickel. XPS data revealed shifts of −0.30 and 0.40 eV in the binding energy of the Ni 2p3/2 peak of Ni2B and Ni2P, respectively, with respect to that of pure Ni at 852.60 eV, thus indicating that B and P induce opposite electronic effects on the surface electronic structure of Ni. The origin of enhanced activity for oxygen evolution cannot, therefore, be attributed to such electronic modification or ligand effect. Severe changes induced on the nickel lattice, specifically, the Ni‐Ni atomic order and interatomic distances (strain effect), by the presence of the guest atoms seem to be the dominant factors responsible for enhanced activity of oxygen evolution in nickel borides and nickel phosphides.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Tetrahydro‐β‐carboline Derivatives as Selective Sub‐Nanomolar Gelatinase Inhibitors
Authors: Mangiatordi Giuseppe Felice , Guzzo Tatiana , Rossano Eugenio Claudio , Trisciuzzi Daniela , Alberga Domenico , Fasciglione Giovanni , Coletta Massimiliano , Topai Alessandra , Nicolotti Orazio
Published: June 2018

Targeting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a pursued strategy for treating several pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and cancer. Herein, a series of novel tetrahydro‐β‐carboline derivatives with outstanding inhibitory activity toward MMPs are present. In particular, compounds 9 f, 9 g, 9 h and 9 i show sub‐nanomolar IC50 values. Interestingly, compounds 9 g and 9 i also provide remarkable selectivity toward gelatinases; IC50=0.15 nm for both toward MMP‐2 and IC50=0.63 and 0.58 nm, respectively, toward MMP‐9. Molecular docking simulations, performed by employing quantum mechanics based partial charges, shed light on the rationale behind binding involving specific interactions with key residues of S1′ and S3′ domains. Taken together, these studies indicate that tetrahydro‐β‐carboline represents a promising scaffold for the design of novel inhibitors able to target MMPs and selectively bias gelatinases, over the desirable range of the pharmacokinetics spectrum.
Generating Conformation‐Specific Polyclonal and Monoclonal Anti‐Protein Kinase C Antibodies and Anti–Active State Specific PKC Antibodies
Authors: Pena Darlene A. , Pacheco Denise M. V. , Oliveira Paulo S. L. , Alves Maria J. M. , Schechtman Deborah
Published: June 2018

The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/ threonine kinases has been shown to play active roles as either suppressors or promoters of carcinogenesis in different types of tumors. Using antibodies that preferentially recognize the active conformation of classical PKCs (cPKCs), we have previously shown that in breast cancer samples the expression levels of cPKCs were similar in estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) as compared to triple‐negative tumors; however, the levels of active cPKCs were different. Determining the activation status of PKCs and other kinases in tumors may thus aid therapeutic decisions. Further, in basic science these tools may be used to understand the spatial and temporal dynamics of PKC signaling under different stimuli and for co‐immunoprecipitation studies to detect binding partners and substrates of active cPKCs. In this article, we describe how monoclonal and polyclonal anti–active state PKC antibodies can be obtained using rational approaches to select bona fide epitopes through inspection of the crystal structure of classical PKCs coupled to molecular modeling studies. We believe that this methodology can be used for other kinases and multi‐domain enzymes that undergo changes in their conformation upon activation. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Formic Acid‐Induced Controlled‐Release Hydrolysis of Microalgae (Scenedesmus) to Lactic Acid over Sn‐Beta Catalyst
Authors: Zan Yifan , Sun Yuanyuan , Kong Lingzhao , Miao Gai , Bao Liwei , Wang Hao , Li Shenggang , Sun Yuhan
Published: June 2018

Formic acid‐induced controlled‐release hydrolysis of sugar‐rich microalgae (Scenedesmus) over the Sn‐Beta catalyst was found to be a highly efficient process for producing lactic acid as a platform chemical. One‐pot reaction with a very high lactic acid yield of 83.0 % was realized in a batch reactor using water as the solvent. Under the attack of formic acid, the cell wall of Scenedesmus was disintegrated, and hydrolysis of the starch inside the cell was strengthened in a controlled‐release mode, resulting in a stable and relatively low glucose concentration. Subsequently, the Sn‐Beta catalyst was employed for the efficient conversion of glucose into lactic acid with stable catalytic performance through isomerization, retro‐aldol and de‐/rehydration reactions. Thus, the hydrolysis of polysaccharides and the catalytic conversion of the monosaccharide into lactic acid was realized by the combination of an organic Brønsted acid and a heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst.
A Novel Bimetallic Nickel–Molybdenum Carbide Nanowire Array for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Guo Lixia , Wang Jianying , Teng Xue , Liu Yangyang , He Xiaoming , Chen Zuofeng
Published: June 2018

The design and fabrication of noble‐metal‐free hydrogenevolution electrocatalysts with high activity is significant to future renewable energy systems. In this work, self‐supported NiMo carbide nanowires on carbon cloth (Ni3Mo3C@NPC NWs/CC; NPC=N,P‐doped carbon) were developed through an electropolymerization‐assisted procedure. During the synthesis process, NiMoO4 nanowires were first grown on CC through a hydrothermal reaction that was free of any polymer binder such as Nafion. By use of electropolymerization, the as‐prepared NiMoO4 NWs/CC sample was then coated by a layer of polypyrole (PPy) that served as the carbon source for subsequent conversion into Ni3Mo3C@NPC NWs/CC by carbothermal reduction. The experimental results indicated that judicious choices of the amount of coated PPy and the pyrolysis temperature were essential for obtaining the pure‐phase, nanowire array structure of Ni3Mo3C@NPC NWs/CC. Benefitting from the pure phase of the bimetallic carbide, the unique architecture of the nanowire array, and its self‐supported nature, the optimized Ni3Mo3C@NPC NWs/CC electrode exhibited excellent performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in both acidic and alkaline media. Low overpotentials of 161 and 215 mV were required to afford a high current density of 100 mA cm−2 toward the HER in acidic and alkaline media, respectively, and the catalytic activity was maintained for at least 48 h, which puts Ni3Mo3C@NPC NWs/CC among the best HER electrocatalysts based on metallic carbides yet reported.
Do natural enemies explain fluctuations in low‐density spruce budworm populations?
Authors: Bouchard Mathieu , Martel Véronique , Régnière Jacques , Therrien Pierre , Correia David Laginha Pinto
Published: June 2018

Understanding the causal pathways through which forest insect outbreaks are triggered is important for resource managers. However, detailed population dynamics studies are hard to conduct in low‐density, pre‐outbreak populations because the insects are difficult to sample in sufficient numbers. Using laboratory‐raised larvae installed in the field across a 1,000 km east–west gradient in Québec (Canada) over an 11‐yr period, we examined if parasitism and predation were likely to explain fluctuations in low‐density spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana; SBW) populations. Parasitism rates by the two main larval parasitoid species, Elachertus cacoeciae and Tranosema rostrale, peaked during different years. This suggests that temporal fluctuations in overall parasitism were partly buffered by compensatory dynamics among parasitoid species. Still, spatial covariance analyses indicate that the residual interannual variation in parasitism rates was substantial and correlated over large distances (up to 700 km). On the other hand, interannual variation in predation rates was not spatially correlated. Piecewise structural equation models indicate that temporal variation in parasitism and predation does not influence temporal variation in wild SBW abundance. Spatially, however, SBWs installed in warmer locations tended to show higher parasitism rates, and these higher rates correlated with lower wild SBW population levels. Overall, the results indicate that large‐scale drops in parasitism occur and could potentially contribute to SBW population increases. However, during the period covered by this study, other factors such as direct effects of weather on SBW larval development or indirect effects through host tree physiology or phenology were more likely to explain large‐scale variation in wild SBW populations.
Prospective assessment of combined handgrip strength and Mini‐Cog identifies hospitalized heart failure patients at increased post‐hospitalization risk
Authors: Joyce Emer , Howell Erik H. , Senapati Alpana , Starling Randall C. , Gorodeski Eiran Z.
Published: June 2018

Aims

The utility of combined assessment of both frailty and cognitive impairment in hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients for incremental post‐discharge risk stratification, using handgrip strength and Mini‐Cog as feasible representative parameters, was investigated.

Methods and results

A prospective, single‐centre cohort study of older adults (age ≥65) hospitalized for HF being discharged to home was performed. Pre‐discharge, grip strength was assessed using a dynamometer (Jamar hydrolic hand dynamometer, Lafayette Instruments, Lafayette, IN, USA) and was defined as weak if the maximal value was below the gender‐derived and body mass index‐derived cut‐offs according to Fried criteria. Cognition was assessed using the Mini‐Cog. The presence of impairment was defined as a score of <2. Outcome measures were all‐cause readmission or emergency department visit (primary) or all‐cause mortality (secondary) at 6 months. A total of 56 patients (mean age 77 ± 7 years, 73% male) were enrolled. The majority (n = 33, 59%) had weak grip strength, either with (n = 5) or without (n = 28) cognitive impairment. The highest risk for both readmission and mortality occurred in those with weak grip strength and cognitive impairment in combination (log‐rank P < 0.0001 and P = 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions

Patients who are frail by grip strength assessment and cognitively impaired according to severely reduced Mini‐Cog performance show the worst midterm post‐discharge outcomes after HF hospitalization.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C–H Bond Heteroarylation of Triazoles Enabled by a Deconvolution Strategy
Authors: Gramage‐Doria Rafael , Roisnel Thierry
Published: June 2018

Reaction optimization for C–H bond functionalization reactions with transition‐metal catalysts is traditionally based on long and tedious screening of multiple conditions. In this contribution we have applied a deconvolution strategy to identify reaction conditions suitable for the C–H bond heteroarylation of 1,2,3‐triazoles with a ruthenium catalyst by performing only 18 experiments with mixtures of reagents instead of the theoretically 576 experiments that should have been considered individually. The activation and functionalization takes place at the ortho position of the phenyl ring attached to the 1,2,3‐triazole directing group as confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic studies. The bis‐ vs. mono‐heteroarylation was controlled by tuning the stoichiometry of the reagents. Such methodology was also applicable to aryl bromide coupling partners bearing ortho and meta substituents.
Basin‐scale effects of small hydropower on biodiversity dynamics
Authors: Lange Katharina , Meier Philipp , Trautwein Clemens , Schmid Martin , Robinson Christopher T , Weber Christine , Brodersen Jakob
Published: June 2018

Construction of small hydropower plants (<10 megawatts) is booming worldwide, exacerbating ongoing habitat fragmentation and degradation, and further fueling biodiversity loss. A systematic approach for selecting hydropower sites within river networks may help to minimize the detrimental effects of small hydropower on biodiversity. In addition, a better understanding of reach‐ and basin‐scale impacts is key for designing planning tools. We synthesize the available information about (1) reach‐scale and (2) basin‐scale impacts of small hydropower plants on biodiversity and ecosystem function, and (3) interactions with other anthropogenic stressors. We then discuss state‐of‐the‐art, spatially explicit planning tools and suggest how improved knowledge of the ecological and evolutionary impacts of hydropower can be incorporated into project development. Such tools can be used to balance the benefits of hydropower production with the maintenance of ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. Adequate planning tools that consider basin‐scale effects and interactions with other stressors, such as climate change, can maximize long‐term conservation.
Characterization and modeling of CO2‐water‐rock interactions in Hygiene Sandstones (Upper Cretaceous), Denver Basin, aimed for carbon dioxide geological storage
Authors: Iglesias Rodrigo S. , Ketzer J. Marcelo , Maraschin Anderson J. , Sbrissa Gesiane
Published: June 2018

Carbon capture and geological storage are among the most valuable technologies capable of reducing CO2 emissions. Long‐term interactions between CO2 and a reservoir, and the integrity of geological formations, are key factors in the selection of adequate reservoirs for permanent storage. Numerical models of CO2‐water‐rock geochemical interactions are often employed to predict the fate of CO2 stored in a reservoir over time. The Hygiene Sandstone, in the Denver Basin, Colorado, USA, is a geological formation with potential for CO2 storage, and was therefore studied in this work, in which we collected and characterized outcrop samples in order to supply the input parameters for numerical simulations. Four representative thin sections of Hygiene Sandstone outcrops were quantified in terms of detrital constituents, diagenesis, and porosity on the basis of conventional petrography. Sandstone mineralogy included, in decreasing order, quartz, K‐feldspar, muscovite, albite, illite, smectite, kaolinite, poikilotopic calcite, and siderite. Porosity ranged from 4% to 13%. A geochemical modeling study of CO2‐water‐rock interactions performed with two characterized samples and brine data from the Hygiene Sandstones, simulating reservoir conditions, suggested that the mineralogy of the sandstone is quite stable under the conditions that were tested and only minor mineralogical and porosity alterations would occur within a thousand years of storage. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Change in quality of life after a multidisciplinary intervention for people with dementia: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Klapwijk Maartje S. , Caljouw Monique A.A. , Pieper Marjoleine J.C. , Putter Hein , van der Steen Jenny T. , Achterberg Wilco P.
Published: June 2018

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine whether implementation of a stepwise multicomponent intervention (STA OP!) for challenging behavior and pain affects quality of life (QoL) of nursing home residents with moderate to severe dementia after 3 and 6 months.

Methods

A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 12 nursing homes. Both control (n = 140) and intervention group (=148) received training, the intervention group was also treated using the STA OP! intervention. At baseline, 3 and 6 months QoL was assessed using the 6 QUALIDEM domains applicable to moderate and severe dementia. Linear mixed models were used to compare changes in QoL domains between the 2 groups over time.

Results

After both 3 and 6 months, there was no change, and no difference in change, between the 2 groups in the domains Care relationship, Positive affect, Negative affect, and Social relations.

Between 0 and 3 months, a positive effect was seen in the domain Restless tense behavior with a regression coefficient of β: 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36‐1.54). Between 3 and 6 months, a negative effect was seen on the domain Restless tense behavior β: −0.98 (95% CI, −1.60 to −0.36) and a positive effect in the domain Social isolation, β: 0.64 (95% CI, 0.12‐1.17).

Conclusions

The stepwise intervention STA OP! affects the QUALIDEM domains in different ways: there was a lowering of Restless tense behavior in the short term, which reverted back to the initial level in the longer term, and a lowering of Social isolation in the longer term.
In their own words: A qualitative study exploring influences on the food choices of university students
Authors: Lambert Michelle , Chivers Paola , Farringdon Fiona
Published: June 2018

Issue addressed

University students generally make independent decisions regarding food choices. Current research about knowledge of Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG), sources of nutrition information and influences on food choices for this group is scarce.

Methods

Qualitative data were collected from gender‐separated focus groups comprising four female (n = 31) and four male (n = 18) to identify: knowledge of ADG; sources of nutrition information; factors that influence food choices; perceived relevant nutrition messages and how best to deliver them.

Results

Gaps in knowledge were identified particularly regarding number of serves and serving size for food groups. Social media was the most commonly reported source of knowledge. Social media was also a major influence on food choice due to its impact on body ideals.

Conclusion

Current health promotion nutrition messages were perceived irrelevant given the focus on long‐term health risks. Health and adhering to the ADG were not identified as important. The desire to look a particular way was the major influence on food choices.

So what?

While there is an awareness of ADG, our participants made a deliberate decision not to follow them. This provides a challenge for developing relevant preventive health messages for this target audience.
Normative Standards for HRpQCT Parameters in Chinese Men and Women
Authors: Zhu Tracy Y , Yip Benjamin HK , Hung Vivian WY , Choy Carol WY , Cheng Ka-Lo , Kwok Timothy CY , Cheng Jack CY , Qin Ling
Published: June 2018

Assessing bone architecture using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) has the potential to improve fracture risk assessment. The Normal Reference Study aimed to establish sex-specific reference centile curves for HRpQCT parameters. This was an age-stratified cross-sectional study and 1072 ambulatory Chinese men (n = 544) and women (n = 528) aged 20 to 79 years, who were free from conditions and medications that could affect bone metabolism and had no history of fragility fracture. They were recruited from local communities of Hong Kong. Reference centile curves for each HRpQCT parameter were constructed using generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape with age as the only explanatory variable. Patterns of reference centile curves reflected age-related changes of bone density, microarchitecture, and estimated bone strength. In both sexes, loss of cortical bone was only evident in mid-adulthood, particularly in women with a more rapid fashion probably concurrent with the onset of menopause. In contrast, loss of trabecular bone was subtle or gradual or occurred at an earlier age. Expected values of HRpQCT parameters for a defined sex and age and a defined percentile or Z-score were obtained from these curves. T-scores were calculated using the population with the peak values as the reference and reflected age- or menopause-related bone loss in an older individual or the room to reach the peak potential in a younger individual. These reference centile curves produced a standard describing a norm or desirable target that enables value clinical judgements. Percentiles, Z-scores, and T-scores would be helpful in detecting abnormalities in bone density and microarchitecture arising from various conditions and establishing entry criteria for clinical trials. They also hold the potential to refine the diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
LncRNA TNRC6C‐AS1 regulates UNC5B in thyroid cancer to influence cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as a competing endogenous RNA of miR‐129‐5p
Authors: Hou Sen , Lin Qiuyu , Guan Feng , Lin Chenghe
Published: June 2018

To investigate the biological functions and regulatory mechanism of lncRNA TNRC6C‐AS1 in thyroid cancer (TC). TNRC6C‐AS1, miR‐129‐5p, and UNC5B expression levels were investigated by qRT‐PCR and Western blot. CCK‐8 assay was conducted to determine cell proliferation, while transwell assay was for inspection of cell migration and invasion. Through bioinformatic analysis, the interactions among TNRC6C‐AS1, miR‐129‐5p, and UNC5B were predicted. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull‐down assay confirmed the predicted target relationships. Tumor xenograft assay was applied to inspect the effect of TNRC6C‐AS1 downregulation on TC development in vivo. TNRC6C‐AS1 and UNC5B were overexpressed, while miR‐129‐5p was underexpressed in TC tissues and cells. TNRC6C‐AS1/UNC5B downregulation and miR‐129‐5p overexpression could suppress proliferation, migration, and invasion of TC cells as well as inhibit tumorigenesis in vivo. MiR‐129‐5p targeted TNRC6C‐AS1 and UNC5B in TC cells; and UNC5B expression was downregulated by knocking down TNRC6C‐AS1, which competitively bound with miR‐129‐5p. Downregulation of TNRC6C‐AS1 restrained TC development by knocking down UNC5B through upregulating the expression of miR‐129‐5p.
Retracted: Long non‐coding RNA reprogramming (lncRNA‐ROR) regulates cell apoptosis and autophagy in chondrocytes
Authors: Yang Zhongmeng , Tang Yuxing , Lu Huading , Shi Bo , Ye Yongheng , Xu Guoyong , Zhao Qing
Published: June 2018

Long Non‐Coding RNA Reprogramming (lncRNA‐ROR) plays an important role in regulating various biologic processes, whereas the effect of lncRNA‐ROR in osteoarthritis (OA) is little studied. This study aimed to explore lncRNA‐ROR expression in articular cartilage and identify the functional mechanism of lncRNA‐ROR in OA. OA cartilage tissues were obtained from 15 OA patients, and 6 normal cartilage tissues were set as controls. Chondrocytes were isolated from the collected cartilage tissues. lncRNA‐ROR was knockdown in normal cells and overexpressed in OA cells. Cell viability was determined with Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, and apoptosis was measured using flow cytometric analysis. Moreover, proteins and mRNAs involved in this study were also measured using Western blotting and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). Level of lncRNA‐ROR was decreased in OA compared with normal chondrocytes, and overexpression of lncRNA‐ROR dramatically promoted cell viability of OA chondrocytes. In addition, knockdown lncRNA‐ROR inhibited apoptosis and promoted autophagy of normal chondrocytes. Moreover, lncRNA‐ROR inhibited the expression of p53 in both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we revealed that lncRNA‐ROR regulated apoptosis and autophagy of chondrocytes via HIF1α and p53. The results indicated that lncRNA‐ROR played a critical role in the pathogenesis of OA, suggesting that lncRNA‐ROR could serve as a new potential therapeutic target for OA.
Systems change in the context of an initiative to scale up Housing First in Canada
Authors: Nelson Geoffrey , Worton S. Kathleen , Macnaughton Eric , Tsemberis Sam , MacLeod Tim , Hasford Julian , Goering Paula , Stergiopoulos Vicky , Aubry Tim , Distasio Jino
Published: June 2018

In this study, we examine changes in the homeless‐serving system in the context of a training and technical assistance initiative to scale up Housing First (HF) in 6 Canadian communities. Based on qualitative data from focus groups and individual interviews with key stakeholders (k = 7, n = 35) and field notes gathered over a 3‐year period (n = 146), we found 2 main system changes: (a) changes in the capacity of the service delivery system at multiple levels of analysis (from individual to policy) to implement HF, and (b) changes in the coordination of parts of the service delivery system and collaboration among local stakeholders to enhance HF implementation. These changes were facilitated or constrained by the larger context of evidence, climate, policy, and funding. The findings were discussed in terms of systems change theory and implications for transformative systems change in the mental health and homelessness sectors.
Scalable culture of human induced pluripotent cells on microcarriers under xeno‐free conditions using single‐use vertical‐wheel™ bioreactors
Authors: Rodrigues Carlos AV , Silva Teresa P , Nogueira Diogo ES , Fernandes Tiago G , Hashimura Yas , Wesselschmidt Robin , Diogo Maria Margarida , Lee Brian , Cabral Joaquim MS
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are expected to become powerful tools for disease modelling, for the discovery and testing of new drugs and, ultimately, for regenerative therapies. The success of these applications depends on the development of scalable bioprocesses capable of generating large numbers of hiPSC and derivatives.

RESULTS

In this work, the novel vertical‐wheel single‐use bioreactors were used for the first time for the expansion of hiPSC under xeno‐free conditions. Cultures were performed on microcarriers in two different scales of vessels (100 and 500 mL with 80 and 300 mL working volumes, respectively), leading to maximum cell densities up to 1.21 ± 0.02 × 106 cells mL−1 and volumetric productivities of 2.01 ± 0.04 × 105 cells mL−1 day−1. The pluripotency as well as a normal karyotype were maintained after cell expansion. Consistency of the processes was confirmed with a different hiPSC line, which is an important aspect for a personalized medicine approach.

CONCLUSION

The results here described demonstrate the feasibility of scalable production of hiPSC in a microcarrier‐based system using vertical‐wheel bioreactors. The protocols developed in this study provide a Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)‐compliant system for hiPSC manufacturing which may be an important step towards the successful implementation of hiPSC‐based products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Rapid assessment of lamp spectrum to quantify ecological effects of light at night
Authors: Longcore Travis , Rodríguez Airam , Witherington Blair , Penniman Jay F. , Herf Lorna , Herf Michael
Published: June 2018

For many decades, the spectral composition of lighting was determined by the type of lamp, which also influenced potential effects of outdoor lights on species and ecosystems. Light‐emitting diode (LED) lamps have dramatically increased the range of spectral profiles of light that is economically viable for outdoor lighting. Because of the array of choices, it is necessary to develop methods to predict the effects of different spectral profiles without conducting field studies, especially because older lighting systems are being replaced rapidly. We describe an approach to predict responses of exemplar organisms and groups to lamps of different spectral output by calculating an index based on action spectra from behavioral or visual characteristics of organisms and lamp spectral irradiance. We calculate relative response indices for a range of lamp types and light sources and develop an index that identifies lamps that minimize predicted effects as measured by ecological, physiological, and astronomical indices. Using these assessment metrics, filtered yellow‐green and amber LEDs are predicted to have lower effects on wildlife than high pressure sodium lamps, while blue‐rich lighting (e.g., K ≥ 2200) would have greater effects. The approach can be updated with new information about behavioral or visual responses of organisms and used to test new lighting products based on spectrum. Together with control of intensity, direction, and duration, the approach can be used to predict and then minimize the adverse effects of lighting and can be tailored to individual species or taxonomic groups.
The sensory equipment of a sandokanid: An extreme case of tarsal reduction in harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores)
Authors: Gainett Guilherme , Sharma Prashant P. , Giribet Gonzalo , Willemart Rodrigo H.
Published: June 2018

The study of sensory structures has the potential to provide insights into the natural history and evolution of animals. The sensory structures of arachnids are usually concentrated on the pedipalps (the tritocerebral appendages) or on the distal podomere (tarsus) of the anterior walking legs, the latter being the case for armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores). Therefore, modifications of the tarsus could have direct impacts on the sensory equipment of these animals. Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the sensory equipment in an extreme case of reduction in tarsal articles in the harvestman Sandokan truncatus (Sandokanidae), which bears a single tarsomere in all legs, and the potential consequences of this reduction. Additionally, we review the literature on the natural history of the family Sandokanidae. Tarsomeres of all legs are equipped with gustatory sensilla, mechanoreceptors, and a pore organ, but wall‐pored olfactory sensilla are restricted to tarsi I and II. Tarsi II present a higher density of olfactory sensilla and also putative campaniform sensilla (strain detectors), which indicates a special sensory function of this pair of legs. Other podomeres are covered with shelled sensilla, a probable chemoreceptor previously unreported in Opiliones. Overall, S. truncatus has types of sensilla largely comparable to harvestmen with longer and subdivided tarsi. However, S. truncatus also exhibits extra‐tarsal sensory fields of sensilla basiconica (putative thermo‐/hygroreceptors) in previously undescribed sites, and the unique pore organs. Our results establish a basis for further research investigating the natural history, as well as the evolutionary correlations and mechanistic causes of the tarsal reduction in this enigmatic lineage.
Ideal gas thermochemical properties of silicon containing inorganic, organic compounds, radicals, and ions
Authors: Burcat Alexander , Goos Elke
Published: June 2018

The ideal gas thermochemical properties such as standard heat of formation, entropy, and heat capacities of 112 inorganic and 35 organic neutral compounds, radicals, and ions containing silicon were calculated using molecular properties obtained with the G3B3 (or G3//B3LYP) method. Among them were linear and cyclic silanes, silenes, hydrocarbonsilanes, fluorine, and oxygen containing compounds. Many of their molecular and thermodynamic properties were calculated for the first time and 16 of them had no CAS number.

Additionally the thermochemical properties were presented in the NASA 7 term polynomial format for the temperature range of 200‐6000 K commonly used in chemical kinetic modeling and simulation programs. The polynomials are available in the Supporting Information supplement to this article free of charge.
Lymphocyte‐to‐Monocyte Ratio Is a Predictor of Survival After Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Mano Yohei , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Yugawa Kyohei , Ohira Masafumi , Motomura Takashi , Toshima Takeo , Itoh Shinji , Harada Noboru , Ikegami Toru , Soejima Yuji , Maehara Yoshihiko
Published: June 2018

Recent studies revealed that systemic inflammation was correlated with poorer prognosis in various cancers. We investigated the prognostic value of the lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We retrospectively analyzed the records of 216 patients who underwent LDLT for HCC. Patients were divided into high (n = 126) and low (n = 90) LMR groups. Their clinicopathological parameters and survival times were compared. To determine the mechanisms of the change in the LMR, we performed immunohistochemical analyses of CD3 and CD68 expression. A low LMR was significantly associated with a high Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score; a high Child‐Pugh score; elevation of alpha‐fetoprotein, des‐gamma‐carboxyprothrombin, and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio; larger tumor size; more tumors; and poorer prognosis. A low LMR was associated with poor prognosis and represented an independent prognostic factor, particularly among patients beyond the Milan criteria. The ratio of CD3‐positive to CD68‐positive cells was significantly lower in the low‐LMR group. In conclusion, our results show that the LMR was an independent predictor of survival of patients with HCC beyond the Milan criteria who underwent LDLT. The LMR reflected the immune status of the tumor microenvironment.