bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI SIMULASI INTRUSION INDEX BERBASIS SISTEM PAKAR DENGAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING
Authors: Mardian Mardian
Published: July 2020

Adanya kebutuhan internet yang semakin meningkat, ketertarikan dan perhatian pada internet juga semakin luas dan cepat sehingga harus diseimbangi dengan keamanan yang lebih cepat pada jaringan internet, terutama  dari hal gangguan serangan atau akses ilegal pada jaringan internet. Keamanan jaringan bergantung pada kecepatan pengaturan jaringan dalam hal menindaklanjuti sistem saat terjadi gangguan. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu perangkat lunak yang mampu melakukan deteksi dan pengukuran serangan dengan menggunakan sistem pakar. Hasil dari desain dan simulasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini dapat menggambarkan cara atau alur penggunaan sistem dari pengelola yang menjadi aktor, memperlihatkan cara aliran informasi mengalir dalam suatu sistem serta dapat memberikan gambaran sistem secara statis yang memperlihatkan relasi atau hubungan antarkelas yang saling berkaitan mengenai sistem informasi sistem pakar untuk keamanan jaringan internet dan penerapan intrusion index yang dapat menggolongkan jenis serangan ke dalam tiga tingkatan yaitu deflect, prevent, dan preempt dengan menerapkan mesin inferensi ke dalam metode forward chaining.
Pengembangan Sistem Pemetaan Status Mutu Air Sungai Berbasis Web Menggunakan Extreme Programming
Authors: Uyun Shofwatul
Published: July 2020

The high water pollution index causes a decrease in water quality so that it can interfere with the health of living things. In order to overcome this, the government has tried to monitor water quality whose results can be known by the community. However, information disclosure and ease of accessing information are felt to be lacking. This study aims to present information about the quality status of river water and its relatively up-to-date and easily accessed by the public online. The storet method is used to determine the status of river water quality with seven parameters: temperature, EC, TDS, pH, DO, BOD and E.coli. The features provided will be explained in the results and discussion presented in several UML diagrams. In order to get results that match user expectations, this system was developed with extreme programming system development methods.
Analisis dan Perancangan Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) Menggunakan Metode Total Architecture Synthesis (TAS)
Authors: Saputra Andika Bayu , Cahyono Ari
Published: July 2020

At present the laboratories in Colombo Yogyakarta High School have been utilized to the maximum but in the management process they are still using conventional methods and data that are not integrated either relating to administration of the laboratory, recording laboratory assets, scheduling and valuation. Recording that occurs at this time is done by using Microsoft Excel and only limited to be recorded without any synchronization and socialization to the teachers - so that it causes the use of laboratory space which is often a collision scheduling. The recording of laboratory assets is not neatly arranged so that the monitoring of assets both maintenance, replacement and repair of equipment is not well documented. This research implements the Total Architecture Synthesis (TAS) method. The total architecture synthesis method functions to determine the needs and design of business process architecture and system architecture.
Aplikasi Prediksi Penjualan dan Persediaan Barang Menggunakan Metode SES dan EOQ (Studi Kasus: UD. Sumber Alam Stone)
Authors: Sugianto Galang Ardian , Arini Arini , Masruroh Siti Ummi
Published: July 2020

UD. Sumber Alam Stone merupakan usaha dagang yang menjual berbagai jenis batu alam. Dalam proses usaha dagang terdapat kendala berupa kurangnya persediaan barang. Untuk mengatasinya diperlukan solusi manajemen yang baik berupa peramalan terhadap penjualan dan persediaan barang. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis membangun aplikasi prediksi dengan menggunakan metode SES untuk memprediksi penjualan tahun 2019 dan metode EOQ untuk mengelola persediaan barang berupa pemesanan optimal, pemesanan ekonomis, biaya persediaan, safety stock dan reorder point pada tahun 2019. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data penjualan batu alam dari tahun 2012 sampai 2018. Pengujian yang dilakukan pada aplikasi ini menggunakan pengujian blackbox. Hasil prediksi penjualan pada tahun 2019 adalah 2059 , dari prediksi tersebut diperoleh pemesanan optimal sebesar 258  untuk setiap pemesanan ekonomis yang berjumlah 8 kali pemesanan, dengan total biaya persediaan batu alam sebesar Rp. 4.868.322. safety stock atau persediaan pengamanan pada setiap kali melakukan stok barang sebanyak 30  dan reoder point atau titik pemesanan kembali pada lead time tercepat 3 hari sebanyak  32 , sedangkan untuk lead time terlama 7 hari sebanyak 71 .
Komparasi Analisa Kinerja Mesh Interface Dan Bridge Interface Pada Wireless WDS Mesh Network
Authors: Wicaksono Arief Ikhwan , Sahtyawan Rama , Priyanto Agung
Published: July 2020

Wireless mesh networking provides a solution to the problem of network distribution that has been constrained by cable networks and wireless networks that are not directly related to other wireless networks. Some of the advantages of wireless mesh technology include extended coverages, robustness, self-configuration, easy maintenance, and low cost. Based on the problems described in the previous paragraph, this research will analyze the performance of two wireless mesh distribution methods using several topology scenarios which will later be considered to affect the quality of network distribution WDS Mesh distribution methods that will be compared in this study are WDS Mesh with Mesh Interface, and WDS Mesh with Bridge Interface. Evaluation of the two methods will be conducted periodically to get the results of the analysis which will be used to do re-configuring to maximize the features and advantages of mesh technology in maintaining reliable network quality.
Sistem Terintegrasi untuk Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Pembangunan Wilayah Berbasis Kampung
Authors: Zaidir Zaidir , Listiawan Indra
Published: July 2020

Development planning in the village begins with the Development Planning Conference. The government considers the need for solutions in solving development problems up to the village and village level so that on November 7, 2018 a Mayor Regulation number 72 of 2018 concerning the formation of village administrators is issued so that development is no longer based on RT-RW but based on village. The many functions of village administrators need an appropriate system for processing data. Manually processing data has weaknesses, especially in planning and controlling budget. The purpose of this study is to produce an integrated system for planning and controlling village-based area development. The research method used consists of library research, data collection and system development of the Waterfall method (system analysis, system design, system implementation and system testing). The results of this study are a system that is capable of processing data from budget proposals to reporting and can provide varied information for village administrators, LPMK and Kelurahan.
Four-Dimensional Dynamic Synchrotron Microcomputed Tomography Imaging of Gas-Water Interface at High Pressure and Low Temperature
Authors: Alshibli Khalid , Jarrar Zaher A.
Published: July 2020

It is challenging to separate water from gas phases in computed tomography images of three-phase granular materials because water and most gases have close attenuation coefficients for x-ray. This article presents two techniques for three-dimensional (3D) imaging using synchrotron microcomputed tomography (SMT). Monochromatic x-ray beam that can be tuned for a specific energy level was used for a dual energy SMT that takes advantage of a sudden change in attenuation at the absorption edge of iodine. A solution of 4 % by weight potassium iodide (KI) and distilled water was used as a doping agent to saturate a column of sand as a test sample. The article focuses on how the technique was employed to image a column of sand as the degree of saturation changes. Water and air were separated easily, and the degree of saturation was calculated for the sand column at different drainage conditions. The article also presents a description of a high-pressure, low-temperature flow cell suitable for SMT imaging for dynamic monitoring of gas hydrate formation and dissociation. High photon flux beam (pink beam) enabled fast 4D imaging (3D plus time) of xenon gas hydrate formation. Hydrate specific area increased initially with increasing hydrate saturation and began to decrease after a threshold, which is evidence of Ostwald Ripening. For hydrate saturation less than 10 %, the predominant pore-habit was surface coating. Cementing pore-habit was observed at 15 % hydrate saturation, and pore-filling hydrate pore-habit was observed with further increase in hydrate saturation.
Enhancement of Defect Detectability in Pneumatic Pressure Equipment Using an Automatic Detection Technique in ECPT
Authors: Zhang Bo , Cheng YuHua , Yin Chun , Huang Xuegang , Dadras Sara , Chen Kai , Malek Hadi
Published: July 2020

Pneumatic pressure equipment is an important component of wind tunnel test systems, which have been extensively applied in most modern industries. To guarantee the reliability and safety of pneumatic pressure equipment, a regular inspection is needed. To improve the inspections process, automating the process of identifying defects continues to receive attention in the research community. In this paper, in order to achieve automatic defect identification, an improved feature extraction algorithm in eddy current pulsed thermography is presented. The presented feature extraction algorithm contains four elements: data block selection, variable step search, relation value classification, and between-class distance decision function. The data block selection and variable step search are integrated to decrease the redundant computations in the automatic defect identification. The goal of the classification and between-class distance calculation is to select the typical features of a thermographic sequence. The main image information can be extracted by the method precisely and efficiently. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the capabilities and benefits (i.e., increased precision, reduced processing time) of the proposed algorithm in automatic defect identification.
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Elastic–Plastic Strain Distributions at 2-D Notches
Authors: Ball D. L. , Martinez M. , Baldassarre A. , Dubowski D. M. , Carlson S. S.
Published: July 2020

Both elastic and elastic–plastic stress–strain response were studied for a series of part-circular and V-shaped notches in flat specimens. Both the peak strain at the notch root and the strain distribution along the notch bisector were studied. These quantities were determined analytically using detailed finite element analysis (FEA), and it was shown that significant differences can arise between detailed FEA results and two of the commonly used approximations for the peak notch strain response: Neuber’s rule and Glinka’s equivalent strain energy density theorem. These differences can become significant for notches with low acuity. The strain response for these configurations was also studied experimentally using two measurement techniques: optical fibers and surface differential displacement mapping. Agreement was shown between computed response strains and measured strains for some of the eight notch configurations and two aerospace alloys studied, while for others, experimental difficulties prevented agreement. These difficulties are described in detail.
Experimental Analysis on the Transduction Coefficient of a Non-Linear Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting Device with Softening Stiffness
Authors: Low P. S. , Ramlan R. , A. Ghani H. , Muhammad N. S.
Published: July 2020

Nonlinear energy harvesting devices in the form of stiffness nonlinearity have emerged as among the effective solutions to overcome the performance limit of linear energy harvesting devices. However, up to now, researches on the nonlinear devices are only focusing on the ability to widen the bandwidth while the limit of employing linear transduction coefficient in a nonlinear system has yet to be heavily discussed. This paper investigates on the transduction coefficient for both linear and nonlinear systems of an electromagnetic energy harvesting device as a function of the excitation frequency. It is proven that the transduction coefficient of the nonlinear device is larger than its equivalent linear device, especially in the multi-stable solutions region. In common practice, the nonlinearity in the nonlinear system is considered weak, and its transduction coefficient is assumed to converge to the one produced by the linear system. The limits to which the transduction coefficient of a linear system can be employed on the nonlinear system were drawn based on the experimental analysis conducted on the proposed device. The device was designed to perform as a linear or nonlinear system, where the degree of nonlinearity was changed by varying the gap between the magnets. The limit of the transduction coefficient was determined from the analysis of the harmonic ratio. The results show that the linear transduction coefficient is valid to be employed to the nonlinear system when the harmonic ratio is less than five per cent at the multi-stable solutions region.
Cyclic Pressure Variations in A Small Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel and Antioxidant Blends
Authors: Ali M.H. , Abdullah A. , Mat Yasin M.H. , Kamarulzaman M.K.
Published: July 2020

Biodiesel fuel is considered as one of the most competence sustainable replacement for fossil fuel due to their superior combustion characteristics and possesses higher oxygen content. Thus, many researchers recently investigated to improve biodiesel capability by adding additives whether by blending with dual-fuel or tri-fuel. However, the combustion characteristics for biodiesel and biodiesel-additives blends are not thoroughly examined and need additional research works to study how the biodiesel behaviour and characterise. Thus, this research main objective is to study a single-cylinder diesel engine cyclic cylinder pressure variations running with biodiesel with antioxidant (B2HA1.0 and B2HT 1.0) blends with palm oil methyl ester (POME). While The baseline fuels used for this study were biodiesel (B20) and pure diesel (B0). The entire test fuels were examined at a constant engine speed 1800 rpm with 100% engine load condition. The engine combustion characteristics were studied by utilising the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and cyclic variations of combustion pressure at 200 consecutive cycles. Combustion characteristics of engine diesel have been studied by using statistical analysis. The results revealed that the engine running with biodiesel-antioxidants have higher cyclic variations of combustion from B20 and B0, which B2HA1.0 possessed the highest cyclic variations. It can be summarised from the study that biodiesel-antioxidants fuels produce a substantial influence on the engine cyclical variation, which linked to the characteristics of the engine combustion.
A Novel Boat Shock Vibration Control using Momentum Exchange Principle with Pre-Straining Spring Mechanism
Authors: Son L. , Malta J. , Satria E. , Yuliandra B. , Matsuhisa H.
Published: July 2020

This research proposes a new method for boat impact vibration attenuation using the exchange of momentum principle with a pre-straining spring mechanism. The boat dynamic is modeled using a hinged-supported beam structure. The wave excitation on the boat hull is expressed using one degree of freedom spring-mass system. The simulation study is performed to evaluate the impact damper performance in reducing the boat shock response. Two kinds of momentum exchange impact damper i.e., without and with pre-straining spring mechanism, are evaluated. The simulation results show that the impact damper with pre-straining spring mechanism (PSMEID) is better than the passive momentum exchange impact damper (PMEID) in reducing the boat shock vibration response
The Impact of Local Heating Time of the Compressed Column on its Stability
Authors: Uzny S. , Skrzypczak T. , Kutrowski L.
Published: July 2020

The present paper considers the influence of activity time of a local heat source on the stability of a supporting system (column) subjected to the Euler’s external load. Constant heat having impact on the entire circumference of the column on a chosen length was adopted as the boundary heat flux. The formulation and solution of the initial-boundary problem of heat transport in the column was presented by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM). The stiffness of particular segments of the column, onto which it was divided, was determined on the basis of the obtained temporary temperature distributions. The boundary problem of stability of the system was formulated and solved with the inclusion of material changes, resulting from the influence of high temperature. The paper presents the results of numerical simulations, defining the change of a critical load parameter of the system as the function of heating time with the inclusion of stiffness of the supported structure and various positions of the heat flux influence
Tensile Characteristics of Low Density Infill Patterns for Mass Reduction of 3D Printed Polylactic Parts
Authors: Saniman M. N. F. , M Hashim M. H. , Mohammad K. A. , Abd Wahid K. A. , Wan Muhamad W. M. , Noor Mohamed N. H.
Published: July 2020

Various infill patterns are introduced in 3D printing to generate low density objects that leads to reduced cost and fabrication time through mass reduction. However, as a trade-off, the strength of the 3D printed component is uncertain. Confusions arise in determining the infill pattern with highest value of tensile strength since most studies limited only to rectilinear, honeycomb, and concentric infill patterns. As consequences, there are very little information on rarely used infill patterns such as Hilbert curve, Archimedean cord and octagram spiral. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate and compare the tensile strength and strain of all infill patterns in mass reduction of 3D printed components experimentally. Following ASTM D638 type III standard, ten tensile test specimens of each infill patterns with 20% density were printed with an FFF 3D printer and were then tested. It was found that Archimedean cords infill pattern had the highest specific tensile strength of 33.23×103 MPa∙mm3/g which made it as the optimum infill pattern for the mass reduction of 3D printed parts with a high tensile strength. On the other hand, having the highest specific tensile strain of 18.21×103 %∙mm3/g, concentric infill pattern was found to be more suitable for producing lightweight parts with a higher elongation before break. Additionally, Hilbert curve infill was the worst selection for mass reduction since it had the lowest values of specific tensile strength and specific strain of 19.80×103 MPa∙mm3/g and 8.34 %∙mm3/g, respectively. Nevertheless, the trends of tensile strength and strain of all six infill patterns had been obtained, especially for rarely investigated infill patterns of Archimedean cords, octagram spiral, and Hilbert curve. Specifically, the trend from the strongest to the weakest (in % compared to solid) for specific tensile strength is rectilinear (38.57%), Archimedean chords (37.29%), concentric (36.57%), octagram spiral (34.79%), honeycomb (27.84%), and Hilbert curve (22.25%), while for specific strain is concentric (102.6%), octagram spiral (83.94%), rectilinear (78.22%), Archimedean cords (77.99%), honeycomb (54.84%), and Hilbert curve (45.14%).
Performance Study of Biocompatible Recast Layer Formation on Ti6Al4V by using Electrical Discharge Coatings
Authors: Mansor A. F. , Azmi A. I. , Zahiruddin M. , Islam M. N.
Published: July 2020

Long-term implantation of titanium-based alloy, Ti6Al4V can be harmful in human bodies due to the release of aluminium and vanadium elements. Thus, a biocompatible barrier coating can be applied towards corrosion and wear resistance of the implant. In this research, the surface of a biomedical grade of Ti6Al4V was coated with a thin film of biomaterial ceramic by the electrical discharge coatings (EDC) using a pure graphite electrode. Polarity, discharge duration and pulse interval were varied to investigate the formation of recast layer thickness (RLT) on the surface of titanium alloys. RLT was measured from cross-sectioned samples using a high magnification optical microscopy. From the statistical analyses of variance, the response was significantly influenced by the pulse interval, followed with electrode polarity. Additionally, the interaction of polarity to discharge duration and pulse interval also significantly affect the RLT. In order to obtain a more uniform recast layer formation, the process condition should be in reverse polarity with a low setting of pulse interval
Fatigue Life Analysis of Vehicle Systems under Non-Gaussian Excitation
Authors: Yang Z. , Zhu D. , Gao Q. , Gong L. , Xu D.
Published: July 2020

Fatigue life analysis is an important work in manufacturing of vehicle systems. The traditional method is to assume that stochastic loads are Gaussian type, then fatigue life is calculated by rain-flow counting, S-N curve and Miner linear damage rule. However, it is difficult to acquire accurate results by this means. In this paper, a numerical methodology is used to simulate non-Gaussian loads considering effects of skewness and kurtosis, as well as to estimate fatigue life under non-Gaussian stresses. Firstly, non-Gaussian inputs are represented by polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and Karhunen-Loeve (KL) expansion when they are characterised using first four moments, i.e. mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis and a given correlation structure. During this process, we propose spectral decomposition to eliminate the influence of potential imaginary numbers, principal component analysis is also proposed to simplify calculating procedure in KL. Besides, original Monte Carlo sampling is replaced by quasi Monte-Carlo (QMC), which could greatly reduce the workload of numerical simulations. In order to get first four moments and correlation structure of outputs, differential equations of motion are numerically integrated by Runge-Kutta method. Meanwhile, response trajectories are represented based on PCE-KL-QMC approach. Eventually, the rain-flow counting is applied into these trajectories to obtain fatigue life variables, and a convenient formula about the saddlepoint approximations (SPA) represented by first four moments is proposed to provide fatigue life PDF. According to the above way, accurate and effective fatigue life estimation results can be presented
Correlating Finite Element Model of a Car Spot-welded Front-End Module in the Light of Modal Testing Data
Authors: Wan Iskandar Mirza W.I.I. , Abdul Rani M.N. , Yunus M.A. , Athikary B. , Sani M.S.M.
Published: July 2020

Model updating methods can be adopted to improve the correlation level between the finite element model of a spot welded structure and its test model. However, in the presence of contact interfaces in the vicinity of the welded areas, improving the correlation level is problematic and challenging. An approach for correlating the finite element model of a welded structure with contact interfaces using finite element model updating and modal testing is proposed. The proposed approach was tested on a car front-end module structure that consisted of nine components and 76 resistance spot-welded joints used to assemble the components. CWELD and CELAS1 element connectors were used to represent the spot-welded joints and contact interfaces in the finite element modelling and updating. This approach was applied successfully to predict the modal parameters of the car spot-welded front-end module. The total error of the initial finite element model of the structure was reduced from 27.13% to 5.75%. The findings of this work suggest that the proposed approach has a great potential for use in investigating the dynamic behaviour of various spot-welded structures without a significant decline in accuracy.
Effect of the Air Duct System of a Simplified Vehicle Model on Aerodynamic Performance
Authors: Huluka A. W. , Kim C. H.
Published: July 2020

In this numerical study, ducted Ahmed model is used to study aerodynamic characteristics of ducted models and how ducting would contribute to the energy consumption reduction effort from aerodynamic resistance. Three-dimensional, incompressible, and steady governing equations were solved by commercial software PHOENICS (version 2018) with extended turbulent model proposed by Chen-Kim (1987). The study can be considered as a stepping stone to bring a new approach to design aerodynamically efficient vehicle by ducting target vehicles. To investigate the feasibility of the ducting for aerodynamic energy efficiency improvement, fundamental study has been conducted numerically on a simple body before applying to appropriate vehicle model. It is observed from the study that ducting would reduce over 19% of the pressure drag, to the contrary the increase in skin friction drag is noted although its significance to the total drag is very less compared to pressure drag. Therefore, study of ducting and its effect on aerodynamic performance is expected to contribute to improvement of electric vehicle aerodynamic performance.
Distribution of Felsic-Mafic Intrusive and Extrusive Rocks in the Earth’s Crust: Correlation with Magma Viscosity Regularities
Authors: Persikov E.S.
Published: July 2020

—New regularities of the viscosity of near-liquid felsic, medium, and mafic hydrous magmas have been established in a wide range of thermodynamic parameters and the Earth’s crust depths (1–30 km). The study was carried out using our new structural and chemical model of reliable predictions and by calculation of the viscosity of magmas of almost any composition. It is shown that these regularities are actually a quantitative physicochemical basis explaining the cause of the relative distribution of intrusive and effusive felsic and mafic rocks in the Earth’s crust. This confirms V.S. Sobolev’s idea of the relationship between the relative distribution of intrusive and effusive felsic, medium, and mafic rocks in the Earth’s crust and the laws of changes in the viscosity of hydrous magmas in a variable P–T field.
Large-Scale Fluid Transfer between Mantle and Crust during Supercontinent Amalgamation and Disruption
Authors: Touret J.L.R. , Huizenga J.M.
Published: July 2020

—Supercontinents are a unique feature of the planet Earth. A brief review of supercontinents formed since the Archean shows that before the Eocambrian, supercontinents, notably Gondwana and Rodinia, amalgamated through high-temperature mobile belts, all of them containing ultrahigh-temperature granulite occurrences. During the final stage of the amalgamation, the lower continental crust was brought to magmatic temperature (from ~900 to more than 1000 °C) during a variable time span, from less than 10 Ma in the recent shortlived orogens to more than 150 Ma in the Eocambrian (Gondwana) or Neoproterozoic (Rodinia) long-lived orogens. Ultrahigh-temperature granulites worldwide contain the same types of fluid inclusions, namely, dense CO2 and highly saline aqueous brines. The fluid amount in the peak metamorphic conditions is indicated by the amount of preserved fluid inclusions (especially CO2) and by the secondary effects caused by the fluids when they left the lower crust, including regional feldspathization, albitization or scapolitization, and formation of megashear zones, either oxidized (quartz–carbonate) or reduced (graphite veins). While some fluids may be locally derived either from mineral reactions or from inherited sediment waters, carbon isotope signature and petrographical arguments suggest that most fluids, both CO2 and high-salinity brines, are derived from carbonatite melts resulting from partial melting of metasomatized mantle. Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism is critical for supercontinent amalgamation, but the associated fluid causes instability and disruption shortly after amalgamation.
Four Stages of the Thermal Evolution of Eclogites from the Maksyutov Complex (South Urals)
Authors: Fedkin V.V.
Published: July 2020

—Based on a detailed electron probe microanalysis of the composition and zoning of coexisting minerals (garnet, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase), we have studied the P–T conditions of formation of high-pressure (HP/UHP) rocks of the Maksyutov eclogite–blueschist complex in the South Urals. We have established its periodic evolution and have determined the specific thermodynamic parameters of mineral formation at each stage of its geodynamic history, from the conditions of crystallization of the protolith to the final stages of retrograde greenschist metamorphism. The new analytical data on the composition of coexisting phases confirm the high-pressure formation of eclogites present as numerous lenses, boudins, and interlayers among blueschist and feldspar–mica schists in the lower part of the complex. Thermobarometric calculations of metamorphism parameters were performed for the Grt + Cpx ± Pl + Qz paragenesis using a Grt–Cpx geothermometer and a Pl–Cpx–Qz geobarometer. Garnet in eclogites of the Maksyutov Complex, being conservative to changes in the P–T conditions, has a direct, reverse, or inverse chemical zoning. Under equilibrium of garnet with omphacitic clinopyroxene, this zoning records conjugate progressive and regressive P–T paths reflecting the thermodynamic conditions at the certain stages of the terrane evolution. Based on the data obtained, we have recognized at least four P–T stages of progressive metamorphic transformations of the Maksyutov Complex: (1) >800–910 °C/~2.5–3.5 GPa; (2) 540–790 °C/2.0–3.5 GPa; (3) 410–690 °C/1.1–2.5 GPa; and (4) 310–520 °C/1.0–1.2 GPa. The estimated P–T parameters of the conjugate regressive stages of metamorphism are as follows: (1) 870–625 °C/3.5–2.5 GPa; (2) 745–615 °C/3.5–2.0 GPa; (3) 690–550 °C/1.5–1.0 GPa; and (4) 590–460 °C/1.2–0.6 GPa, respectively. The age data for the certain stages, along with the parameters of metamorphism, form a single P–T–t path of the complex, which determines the position of the gradient of the metamorphic field during the complex exhumation.
Oceanic Zircon as a Petrogenetic Indicator
Authors: Aranovich L.Ya. , Bortnikov N.S. , Borisov A.A.
Published: July 2020

—We present results of a study of the morphology, internal structure, and chemical composition of oceanic zircon, which show that zircon is a sensitive indicator of tectonic and physicochemical processes occurring in the lower oceanic crust. Crystallization of magmatic zircon in gabbroids is not an instantaneous process; it proceeds in the course of differentiation of parental melts in the tectonically active mid-ocean ridge (MOR) setting. The main geochemical indicator of crystallization differentiation during magma cooling is an increase in Hf content toward the zircon grain edge. Zoning is also observed in magmatic zircons from oceanic plagiogranites (OPG), but it is weaker, apparently because of the narrower temperature range of zircon crystallization in these rocks. The OPG zircons are depleted in REE as compared with the least altered magmatic zircons of gabbro, which is probably due to the formation of OPG during the partial melting of gabbro with the participation of concentrated water–salt fluid, a derivate of seawater, and due to the co-crystallization of zircon and apatite. High-temperature hydrothermal processes within slow-spreading MORs lead to a partial or complete recrystallization of zircon as a result of dissolution/redeposition. A significantly reduced cerium anomaly and the presence of microinclusions of xenotime, uranium and thorium oxides or silicates, and, sometimes, baddeleyite in zircon alteration zones indicate a reducing type and high alkalinity of the hydrothermal fluid. The fluid, a derivate of seawater, acquires these features during circulation near the axial zone of ridges as a result of phase separation in the system H2O–NaCl and interaction of the fluid with abyssal peridotites of oceanic core complexes. The estimated solubility of zircon in basic melts indicates that even near-solidus crystallization of zircon is highly unlikely in anhydrous basaltic melts but is possible in differentiates of deep-seated hydrous basic magmas. The Ti-in-Zrn geothermometer must be used with caution, because variations in the Ti content in zircon might be controlled not only by temperature but also by other factors, especially when mineral inclusions in zircon testify to a drastic change in its growth (dissolution) conditions. A geothermometer based on the distribution of Zr and Hf between zircon and the host rock has several advantages over indicators of the crystallization temperature of magmatic zircon that are based on the zircon saturation index and the content of Ti in zircon. It does not depend on the composition of melt and on the correct estimates of the SiO2 and TiO2 activity. In addition, reconstruction of the Zr and Hf fractionation trends during crystallization of zircon from granitoid melts makes it possible to evaluate the temperature of separation of more differentiated melt fractions.
Composition of Reduced Mantle Fluids: Evidence from Modeling Experiments and Fluid Inclusions in Natural Diamond
Authors: Sokol A.G. , Tomilenko A.A. , Bul’bak T.A. , Sokol I.A. , Zaikin P.A. , Sobolev N.V.
Published: July 2020

—Experimental modeling in the C–O–H, C–O–H–N, and peridotite–C–O–H–N systems, combined with analyses of fluid inclusions in natural diamonds, is used to reconstruct the compositions of fluids that can be stable in the reduced mantle. Hydrocarbons (HCs) in the upper mantle can form either by reactions of carbonates with iron/wüstite and water or by direct hydrogenation of carbon phases (graphite, diamond, and amorphous carbon) interacting with reduced fluids. Carbon required for the formation of HCs can come from diamond, graphite, or carbonates. Mainly light alkanes are stable at the mantle pressures and temperatures in the C–O–H and C–O–H–N systems as well as in the peridotite–fluid system under ultrareduced to moderately reduced redox conditions at the oxygen fugacity from –2 to +2.5 lg units relative to the IW (Fe–FeO) buffer. Some oxygenated HCs can be stable in fluids equilibrated with carbonate-bearing peridotite. Ammonia and, to a lesser degree, methanimine (CH3N) are predominant nitrogen species in reduced fluids in the conditions of the subcratonic lithosphere or the Fe0-bearing mantle.

The presence of HCs as common constituents of reduced mantle fluids is supported by data on inclusions from natural diamonds hosted by kimberlites of the Yakutian province and from placer diamonds of the northeastern Siberian craton and the Urals. Fluid inclusions have minor amounts of H2O, methane, and other light alkanes but relatively high concentrations of oxygenated hydrocarbons, while the H/(H + O) ratio varies from 0.74 to 0.93. Hydrocarbon-bearing fluids in some eclogitic diamonds have high CO2 concentrations. Also, the fluid inclusions have significant percentages of N2 and N-containing species, Cl-containing HCs, and S-containing compounds.

Both the experimental results and the analyses of fluid inclusions in natural diamonds indicate that HCs are stable in the upper mantle conditions. The set of hydrocarbons, mainly light alkanes, might have formed in the mantle from inorganic substances. Further research should focus on the causes of the difference between experimental and natural fluids in the contents of methane, light alkanes, oxygenated hydrocarbons, and water and on the stability of N-, S-, and Cl-containing fluid components.
Experimental Modeling of Decarbonation Reactions Resulting in Mg,Fe-garnets and CO2 fluid at the Mantle P–T parameters
Authors: Bataleva Yu.V. , Novoselov I.D. , Kruk A.N. , Furman O.V. , Reutsky V.N. , Palyanov Yu.N.
Published: July 2020

—Experimental modeling of decarbonation reactions with the formation of Mg,Fe-garnets and CO2 fluid during mantle–crust interactions was carried out in a wide range of the upper-mantle pressures and temperatures. Experimental studies were performed in the MgCO3–Al2O3–SiO2 and (Mg,Fe)CO3–Al2O3–SiO2 systems in the pressure range 3.0–7.5 GPa and temperature range 950–1450 °C (t = 10– 60 h), using a multianvil high-pressure apparatus of the “split-sphere” type (BARS). Experiments were carried out with a specially designed high-pressure buffered cell with a hematite container that prevents the diffusion of hydrogen into a Pt-capsule with a sample. It has been experimentally established that in the MgCO3–Al2O3–SiO2 system decarbonation occurs by the schematic reaction MgCO3 + SiO2 + Al2O3 → Mg3Al2Si3O12 + CO2 at 1100 ± 20 °C (3.0 GPa), 1150 ± 20 °C (6.3 GPa), and 1400 ± 20 °C (7.5 GPa) and in the (Mg,Fe)CO3–Al2O3– SiO2 system, by the reaction (Mg,Fe)CO3 + SiO2 + Al2O3 → (Mg,Fe)3Al2Si3O12 + CO2 at 1000 ± 20 °C (3.0 GPa), 1150 ± 20 °C (6.3 GPa), and 1400 ± 20 °C (7.5 GPa). Based on Raman spectroscopic characterization of the synthesized garnets, the position of the main modes R, υ2, and υ1 in the pyrope has been determined to be 364, 562, and 924–925 cm-1, respectively, and that in pyrope-almandine, 350–351, 556–558, and 918–919 cm-1. The effectiveness of the hematite container was demonstrated by means of mass spectrometry analysis. It has been found that the fluid composition corresponded to pure CO2 in all experiments. The P,T-positions of decarbonation curves leading to the formation of a CO2 fluid in assemblage with pyrope and pyrope-almandine have been experimentally reconstructed and compared with the previous calculation and experimental data. It has been established that the experimentally reproduced reaction lines with the formation of pyrope + CO2 or pyrope-almandine + CO2 assemblages are shifted to lower temperatures by 50–150 °C relative to the calculated ones. When considering the obtained results with regard to the stability of natural carbonates of various compositions in subduction settings, it has been found that at depths of ~90–190 km Mg,Fe-carbonates react with oxides in the temperature range 1000–1250 °C, and at depths of ~225 km, at 1400 °C.
Crystallographic Orientation and Geochemical Features of Mineral Inclusions in Diamonds
Authors: Sobolev N.V. , Seryotkin Yu.V. , Logvinova A.M. , Pavlushin A.D. , Ugap’eva S.S.
Published: July 2020

—The orientation of 76 mineral inclusions represented by olivine (25 inclusions), pyrope (13 inclusions), and magnesiochromite (38 inclusions) was measured in 16 diamond samples from the major primary diamond deposits of Yakutia: Mir, Udachnaya, Internatsionalnaya, Aikhal, and Yubileynaya kimberlite pipes. The novelty of the study is that it provides a special purposeful approach to selection of samples containing not only olivine inclusions that have been extensively studied in the most recent years after the publication of the book Carbon in Earth (2013). The present collection accounts for more than 25% of all samples studied across the world and includes the most typical mineral inclusions of the predominant peridotitic paragenesis in almost all known kimberlites. Both this experiment and similar studies conducted by foreign colleagues in 2014–2019 have found no inclusions whose orientation meets the epitaxial criterion. Only single magnesiochromite inclusions in three diamonds demonstrate an orientation close to the regular one. A significant correlation between the carbon isotope composition and the mineral composition of inclusions of peridotitic and eclogitic paragenesis diamonds as well as the lack of a correlation with other properties may be considered one of the geochemical features. However, given the numerous published and proprietary data demonstrating the complex diamond growth history and, in some cases, wide variations in the composition of mineral inclusions in different zones, along with the difference in their morphology, the authors a believe that syngenetic and protogenetic inclusions can coexist in the same diamond. This is also confirmed by the discoveries of diamondiferous peridotite and eclogite xenoliths in kimberlites where diamonds are completely enclosed in garnet or olivine. Of particular note is the constant presence of heavy hydrocarbons (rel.%), from pentane (C5H12) to hexadecane (C16H34), that are predominant in fluid inclusions in kimberlite and placer diamonds as well as in pyrope and olivine of diamondiferous peridotite xenoliths.
Removals of Gentamicin and Benzo[a]Pyrene in an Anaerobic Multichamber Bed Reactor
Authors: Delia Teresa Sponza  , Hakan Celebi  , Oguzhan Gok
Published: July 2020

The petrochemical industry wastewaters were not treated effectively due to high concentrations of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo [a] pyren (BaP) and an aminoglucoside antibiotic gentamicin (GNT) in an aerobic treatment plant in Turkey. The high GNT concentration in this industry wastewater mainly originated from the toilets of the working people and from the medical care facilities since an intestinal epidemic occurrred for a period of approximately 1.5 years. The High BaP concentrations release into the wastewater originated from the high BaP production in this industry. In order to improve the biodegradability of petrochemical industry wastewaters containing excess BaP and GNT, different mixtures of BaP and GNT were biodegraded in a high rate anaerobic multichamber bed (AMCBR) reactor. The maximum anaerobic yields for 10 mg/L BaP and 1 mg/ L GNT alone were 45% and 12%, respectively. The addition of primary susbstrate increased the 200 mg/L BaP and 50 mg/ L GNT removals to 97% and 89%, respectively. BaP was biodegraded at short operation times compared to GNT. At low BaP (10-200 mg/ L) and GNT (10-35 mg/ L) concentrations, a non-competitive inhibition does not affect the binding of the substrate and KS were not affected. At high BaP (500-900 mg/ L) and GNT (75-100 mg/ L) concentrations, the BaP and GNT were biodegraded according to competitive inhibition with increased KS. BaP and GNT were biodegraded according to Haldane equations at high concentrations where they were used as the sole substrate.
Management of a Hospıtal Wastes Located in Izmir
Authors: Delia Teresa Sponza  , Duygu Ardeniz Ören
Published: July 2020

In this study, the solid wastes produced from a hospital and the present waste management procedures were investigated. The management of solid wastes of the hospital were discussed and some novel waste management techniques were determined to treat the solid wastes. The solid wastes should be collected in special coloured bags, they should be labelled and should be stored in special storage area, and should be disposed by the licensed companies according to Waste Management Regulation. The application of the waste separation at the source throughout the hospital decreases the waste disposal fees. The management of hazardous wastes coming from the hospital should be handled as proposed by the Waste Management Regulations.
A new class of generalized polynomials involving Laguerre and Euler polynomials
Authors: KHAN Nabiullah , USMAN Talha , CHOİ Junesang
Published: July 2020

Motivated by their importance and potential for applications in a variety of research fields, recently, numerous polynomials and their extensions have been introduced and investigated. In this paper, we modify the known generating functions of polynomials, due to both Milne-Thomsons and Dere-Simsek, to introduce a new class of polynomials and present some involved properties. As obvious special cases of the newly introduced polynomials, we also introduce power sum-Laguerre-Hermite polynomials and generalized Laguerre and Euler polynomials and give certain involved identities and formulas. We point out that our main results, being very general, are specialised to yield a number of known and new identities involving relatively simple and familiar polynomials.
Depth and Stanley depth of the edge ideals of the strong product of some graphs
Authors: IQBAL Zahid , ISHAQ Muhammad , BİNYAMİN Muhammad Ahsan
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we study depth and Stanley depth of the edge ideals and quotient rings of the edge ideals, associated with classes of graphs obtained by the strong product of two graphs. We consider the cases when either both graphs are arbitrary paths or one is an arbitrary path and the other is an arbitrary cycle. We give exact formula for values of depth and Stanley depth for some subclasses. We also give some sharp upper bounds for depth and Stanley depth in the general cases.
Mean value theorem and semigroups of operators for interval-valued functions on time scales
Authors: SHEN Yonghong
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a new version of mean value theorem for interval-valued functions on time scales is established. Meantime, some basic concepts and results associated with semigroups of operators for interval-valued functions on time scales are presented. As an application of semigroups of operators, under certain conditions, we consider the initial value problem for interval-valued differential equations on time scales. Finally, two issues worthy of further discussion are presented.
Rings with few units and the infinitude of primes
Authors: ÖZCAN Hikmet Burak , TAŞKIN Sedef
Published: July 2020

In this short note, our aim is to provide novel proofs for the infinitude of primes in an algebraic way. It's thought that the first proof for the infinitude of primes was given by the Ancient Greek mathematician Euclid. To date, most of the proofs have been based on the fact that every positive integer greater than 1 can be written as a product of prime numbers. However, first we are going to prove a ring theoretic fact that if $R$ is an infinite commutative ring with unity and the cardinality of the set of invertible elements is strictly less than the cardinality of the ring, then there are infinitely many maximal ideals. This fact leads to an elegant proof for the infinitude of primes. In addition, under the same cardinality assumption, we consider the special case in which $R$ is a unique factorization domain (for short UFD) and establish another ring theoretic result. Thanks to it, we give a second proof of the infinitude of primes.
Теоретико-методологічне забезпечення діагностики ефективності логістичних ланцюгів товарних ринків
Authors: Нікішина О. В.
Published: July 2020

Стаття присвячена обґрунтуванню теоретичних і методологічних засад системної діагностикиефективності функціонування логістичних ланцюгів товарних ринків. На підставі теоретичного узагаль-нення виділено три підходи до визначення сутності категорії «ефективність логістичної системи». Дове-дено доцільність використання комплексного підходу для діагностики ефективності ринкових ланцюгів,який забезпечує збалансованість якісних і кількісних показників, поєднання внутрішнього й зовнішньоговимірів ефективності. За результатами аналізу категорій «ефективність» і «діагностика» у ринково-логістичному вимірі надано авторське визначення категорії «діагностика ефективності логістичних лан-цюгів товарних ринків». Обґрунтовано складові концептуального базису на основі синтезу чотирьох під-ходів (відтворювального, регуляторного, концепцій діаграми збалансованих переваг та сталого розвит-ку), доведено їх взаємопов’язаність між собою спільною відтворювальною основою та їх кореляцію ізвідповідними групами принципів формування ефективних ланцюгів товарних ринків. Обґрунтовано ком-поненти теоретико-методологічного забезпечення діагностики ефективності логістичних ланцюгів товар-них ринків у двоєдності концептуального та методичного базисів, як наукове підґрунтя для розробки ме-ханізмів і заходів державного регулювання базових ланок ланцюгів стратегічних товарних ринків.