bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metamorphism of snow on Arctic sea ice during the melt season: impact on spectral albedo and radiative fluxes through snow
Authors: Vérin Gauthier , Domine Florent , Babin Marcel , Picard Ghislain , Arnaud Laurent
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The energy budget of Arctic sea ice is strongly affected by the snow cover. Intensive sampling of snow properties was conducted near Qikiqtarjuaq in Baffin Bay on typical landfast sea ice during two melt seasons in 2015 and 2016. The sampling included stratigraphy, vertical profiles of snow specific surface area (SSA), density and irradiance, and spectral albedo (300–1100 nm). Both years featured four main phases: (I) dry snow cover, (II) surface melting, (III) ripe snowpack, and (IV) melt pond formation. Each phase was characterized by distinctive physical and optical properties. A high SSA value of 49.3 m2 kg−1 was measured during phase I on surface wind slabs together with a corresponding broadband albedo (300–3000 nm) of 0.87. Phase II was marked by alternating episodes of surface melting, which dramatically decreased the SSA below 3 m2 kg−1, and episodes of snowfall re-establishing pre-melt conditions. Albedo was highly time-variable, with minimum broadband values around 0.70. In phase III, continued melting led to a fully ripe snowpack composed of clustered rounded grains. Albedo began to decrease in the visible as snow thickness decreased but remained steady at longer wavelengths. Moreover, significant spatial variability appeared for the first time following snow depth heterogeneity. Spectral albedo was simulated by radiative transfer using measured SSA and density vertical profiles and estimated impurity contents based on limited measurements. Simulations were most of the time within 1 % of measurements in the visible and within 2 % in the infrared. Simulations allowed the calculations of albedo and of the spectral flux at the snow–ice interface. These showed that photosynthetically active radiation fluxes at the bottom of the snowpack durably exceeded 5 W m−2
(∼9.2 µmol m−2 s−1) only when the snowpack thickness started to decrease at the end of phase II.
Large-eddy simulations of the ice-shelf–ocean boundary layer near the ice front of Nansen Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Na Ji Sung , Kim Taekyun , Jin Emilia Kyung , Yoon Seung-Tae , Lee Won Sang , Yun Sukyoung , Lee Jiyeon
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Ice melting beneath Antarctic ice shelves is caused by
heat transfer through the ice-shelf–ocean boundary layer (IOBL). However,
our understanding of the fluid dynamics and thermohaline physics of the IOBL
flow is poor. In this study, we utilize a large-eddy simulation (LES) model
to investigate ocean dynamics and the role of turbulence within the IOBL
flow near the ice front. To simulate the varying turbulence intensities, we
imposed different theoretical profiles of the velocity. Far-field ocean
conditions for the melting at the ice-shelf base and freezing at the sea
surface were derived based on in situ observations of temperature and salinity near
the ice front of the Nansen Ice Shelf. In terms of overturning features near
the ice front, we validated the LES simulation results by comparing them
with the in situ observational data. In the comparison of the velocity profiles to
shipborne lowered acoustic Doppler current
profiler (LADCP) data, the LES-derived strength of the overturning cells is
similar to that obtained from the observational data. Moreover, the vertical
distribution of the simulated temperature and salinity, which were mainly
determined by the positively buoyant meltwater and sea-ice formation, was
also comparable to that of the observations. We conclude that the IOBL flow
near the ice front and its contribution to the ocean dynamics can be
realistically resolved using our proposed method. Based on validated 3D-LES
results, we revealed that the main forces of ocean dynamics near the ice
front are driven by positively buoyant meltwater, concentrated salinity at
the sea surface, and outflowing momentum of the sub-ice-shelf plume. Moreover,
in the strong-turbulence case, distinct features such as a higher basal melt
rate (0.153 m yr−1), weak upwelling of the positively buoyant ice-shelf
water, and a higher sea-ice formation were observed, suggesting a relatively
high speed current within the IOBL because of highly turbulent mixing. The
findings of this study will contribute toward a deeper understanding of the
complex IOBL-flow physics and its impact on the ocean dynamics near the ice
front.
Pengalaman Mahasiswa Saat Kelas Online Menggunakan Aplikasi Zoom Cloud Meeting Selama Covid-19
Authors: Jaenal Mustopa Ahmad Jaenal Mustopa , Hidayat Dasrun
Published: September 2022

Pembelajaran online jarak jauh adalah solusi yang diperlukan oleh tenaga pendidik serta mahasiswa sebagai upaya menahan penyebaran pandemi Covid-19. Proses pembelajaran di alihkan dengan menggunakan Intenet. Salah satunya memakai aplikasi zoom cloud meeting sebagai media pembelajaran selama dirumah atau pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ). Tujuan penelitian ini yakni untuk memperoleh pemehaman informasi terhadap pengalaman komunikasi mahasiswa saat pembelajaran secara online menggunakan aplikasi zoom selama pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian fenomenologi untuk mendapatkan informasi terhadap pengalaman mahasiswa saat melakukan pembelajaran online menggunakan aplikasi zoom selama pandemi covid-19. Pengambilan data melalui wawancara online  kepada mahasiswa Adhirajasa Reswara Sanjaya (ARS) University Kota Bandung. Peneliti menemukan pengalaman tentang kekuatan dan kelemahan belajar online menggunakan aplikasi zoom. Kekuatan belajar online menggunakan aplikasi zoom dapat mempertemukan banyak orang di dalam satu ruang aplikasi, serta mempermudah dan mempersingkat waktu pertemuan, keberadaan aplikasi tersebut pelajar sangat memudahkan dalam berkomunikasi walaupun jarak jauh. Mudah diakses melalui Handphone dan Personal Computer serta berubahnya peranan mahasiswa yang tadinya pasif menjadi aktif dan mandiri. Kelemahan kelas online menggunakan  aplikaasi zoom hanya efesien sekitar 40 menit secara gratis, sinyal yang tidak stabil dan  kurangnya sistem keamanan serta sistem pembelajaran lebih  mengarah ke pelatihan dari pada ke pendidikan.
Menumbuhkan Minat Anak Remaja Dalam Berwirausaha Pada Sekolah Minggu Kelas Remaja GPDI Eben Haezer Kotaraja
Authors: Ratang Westim , Kuddy Andarias
Published: September 2022

The goals to be achieved from this community service activity are: To equip youth to have an understanding of the importance of entrepreneurs and be able to work independently with proper business planning and management. The training that was carried out stimulated teenagers to be creative and innovative by making bags with paper raw materials and producing products from the paper newspaper raw materials. By participating in this service activity teenagers will understand the importance of entrepreneurial spirit in relation to the very limited employment opportunities lately and their mindset will change rather than become a civil servant but become an entrepreneur. These teenagers are formed into people who are confident, independent, creative, innovative and not easily discouraged.
Sekolah Pasar Modal Level I 2018 Pada Masyarakat Arsopura, Kabupaten Keerom
Authors: Wijaya Antonius H.C.
Published: September 2022

Becoming an investor at the present time is not difficult because through one of the programs from the investment gallery that has collaborated with the existing universities in Indonesia is one of the media to attract students to become young investors. Not just students, through village programs saving shares from this gallery which gives equal opportunities to villagers to become investors. Therefore, community service activities were carried out in the village of Arsopura, Keerom Regency, Papua Province which aims to conduct education and the introduction of capital markets to rural communities to also be involved as capital market players. The final result of this activity is that there were 20 residents who directly open their share accounts and can immediately become an investor.
Valuasi Ekonomi Kawasan Birdwatching Repang Muaif
Authors: Purwadi Marsi Adi , Maury Hendra Kurniawan
Published: September 2022

The objectives of the activities of the Economic Evaluation of the Repang Muaif Birdwatching Area in Jayapura Regency are to: 1) Increase the knowledge and understanding of the community about the functions and roles of the Repang Muaif Birdwatching Zone in Jayapura Regency; 2) The creation of an equal role of the community in the development of the Repang Muaif Birdwatching Area in Jayapura Regency. The area to be carried out in the study area is the Economic Valuation of the Repang Muaif Birdwatching Area in Jayapura Regency. Where the results of the implementation of science and technology are from the results of the pree test conducted, it was found that out of 21 participants who attended this training, 76.19 percent of participants did not understand the concepts and rules regarding the economic valuation of forest ecosystems. While the rest, which is as much as 23.81 percent, have known the concepts and rules related to the economic valuation of forest ecosystems. Whereas from the post test results, it was found that out of 21 participants who attended this training, 15.08 percent of the participants still did not understand the concepts and rules regarding the economic valuation of forest ecosystems. While the rest, which is as much as 84.92 percent have known the concepts and rules related to the economic valuation of forest ecosystems. In addition, the participation of the community in forest conservation is very important, it can be seen from the many participants who want to attend this training activity. Where of the 25 participants planned as participants in this training, 21 participants attended the training and 4 participants did not take part in the training.
Sosialisasi Budidaya Ikan Air Tawar Bagi Mahasiswa Konsentrasi Ekonomi Pertanian
Authors: Ratang Sarlota , Aminah Siti , Kaiway Hans , Hafizrianda Yundy
Published: September 2022

Freshwater fish farming is one of the livelihoods of people around Sentani Lake, by seeing the very proud of potential, it is very necessary to make a closer introduction/socialization on how to do business in the field of inland fisheries to students of Agricultural concentration. Not only the theory obtained at college but couple with practice or go to the field could be necessary for students.
Peranan Bank Pembangunan Daerah Dalam Sosialisasi Dan Edukasi Mahasiswa Tentang Kemanfaatan Produk Dan Jasa Perbankan
Authors: Marlisa Elsyan Rienette
Published: September 2022

The main objective of this community engagement namely to identify and understand banking products and services that Bank Papua offers to the community. Meanwhile, the information related to Products of banking can be obtained through lecture at the Economics Department in relation to the types of banking products and the objectives of them or the similar information also can be gain from marketing person from Bank Papua who capable enough to explain in detail about banking products and services. According to the outcome of this activity that had been conducted to the Economics’ Students from Faculty of Economics and Business at Cenderawasih University, can be concluded as follow: In order to distribute fund, the conventional banks will distribute it through deposits and savings to the public in form of loans, as well as in form of financing for the Islamic Banks. In addition, the loan from conventional banks in distributing process will subject to interest and other loan services in the form of administrative fees, and commission fees. Whereas Islamic banks are based on buying and selling and profit sharing; in order to provide in depth meaning of Bank Papua products and services, a film screening by Bank Papua Speakers had been played, and the key speaker from Marketing Division of Bank Papua has given a talk about Bank Papua products and services namely electricity payment, telephone payment, tuition fee, transfer service, and others. This activity has relevance to the Economics students that they have been introduced during their study in university in the subject of Monetary Economics I & II during Semester II & III and other subject such as Banks and Financial Institution on (V Semester) as well as Monetary Policy in Development sector (VII Semester). Therefore, the outcome of this activity that could motivate students to recognize the characteristics of Bank Papua products and services as well as can differentiate between genuine and counterfeit money.
Sosialisasi Fasilitas Kredit Usaha Mikro Dan Kredit Usaha Rakyat di Arso XIV Kabupaten Keerom
Authors: Marlisa Elsyan Rienette , Kuddy Andarias
Published: September 2022

The Purpose of community devotion is 1) to know and understand the banking products. 2) to know and understand the credit facilities of MICRO Enterprises (KUM) and credit People's Business (KUR) PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) TBK. Based on the results of the community service made to the community of dragon fruit farmers in Arso XIV Keerom District can be concluded the following things: 1). The banking office can be understood through the submission of the lecturer who is devoted to the community and the speaker of the employee Micro Banking Manager PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero). Tbk. Introduction of the lecturer on the purpose and objectives. Explaining the meaning of the Bank is a business entity that raises funds from the community in the form of deposits and reorganized funds that have been compiled through Giro deposits, savings and deposits to the community in the form of loans (loanable Fund) for conventional banks. For conventional banks can provide interest-charged loans and other lending services in the form of administrative fees, provision fees, and commissions. In The material delivery to the people of the dragon fruit farmers in ARSO XIV Keerom District in this case the mothers in ARSO XIV of Keerom District are very motivated in understanding and can distinguish Micro Business credit (KUM) and the People's Business Credit (KUR) FROM PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) TBK, so that it can develop a community business through the facilities of the People's Business Credit (KUR) from PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) TBK
Pelatihan Pembuatan Proposal Bagi Mahasiswa Dan Pelajar Dalam Mendapatkan Pinjaman Dana Usaha
Authors: Ratang Sarlota Arrang , Ugun Michael
Published: September 2022

Being an entrepreneur today has become a trend that many young people choose. Not a few college graduates choose to build their own business. In fact, pioneering and building businesses since students. But the very basic thing when a student is about to start becoming an entrepreneur is dana's problem. To meet various needs while fulfilling education at the university, many students need a number of loans that can help meet their financial needs Being an entrepreneur today has become a trend that many young people choose. Not a few college graduates choose to build their own business. In fact, pioneering and building businesses since students. But the very basic thing when a student is about to start becoming an entrepreneur is dana's problem. To meet various needs while fulfilling their education at the university, many students need a number of loans for students that can help meet their financial needs. The purpose of the activity is students and students are able to practice how to make proposals that will be submitted to the Banking, Government, or Universities that provide funding assistance for students in the plan to create small businesses. The results of these training activities broadly include the success of the target number of, trainees, the ability to achieve the objectives, the ability of the planned target material, and the ability of participants in understanding the training material. The target of the training participants as previously planned was 30 students and students around the township in relation in one way or another, then the students who participated in this training numbered 27 students. The figures show that this training/ socialization activity can be said that the target participants reached 90% can be said to be successful/successful.
The effect of technological parameters on functional, technological and physicochemical indicators of horse meat minces with added chicken combs
Authors: Zhumanova Gulnara , Zinina Oksana , Rebezov Maxim , Shariati Mohammad Ali , Moldabayeva Zhanar , Khayrullin Mars , Baybalinova Gulmira , Toleubekova Sandugash , Mirasheva Gulmira
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of technological parameters of the production of horse meat minces with the addition of protein-oil emulsion from chicken combs on the functional, technological and physicochemical indicators. Chicken combs were pre-treated with bacterial concentrate to improve their properties. Experimental approach: The ultimate shear stress and technological indicators – water holding capacity and oil holding capacity – were determined to set the optimal time for cutting raw materials. Physicochemical analyses of the meat minces were conducted. Results and conclusions: The research results have shown that the cutting time significantly affects the meat minces' rheological, functional and technological indicators. The optimum mixing time for meat minces is 6 min. Adding a protein-oil emulsion from biotechnologically processed chicken combs, cottonseed oil, and water into the minced horse meat does not significantly affect the nutritional value. Adding 15 – 20% protein-oil emulsion (POE) is recommended to get minced meat with optimal rheological parameters. Novelty and scientific contribution: The research results allow the rational use of poultry by-products.
Mulher na ciência: lutar e existir em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia
Published: September 2022

Convido-te a percorrer comigo nas páginas deste livro uma jornada. Ele não é e nem pretende ser uma biografia detalhada da minha vida, nem um relato impessoal dessa caminhada durante a pandemia. É um livro sobre o percurso, o processo de lutar e viver nesse tempo. Um trajeto com muito mais percalços do que eu poderia supor no início do ano de 2020. Ao olhar através das minhas lentes como foi a experiência de viver a maior pandemia dos últimos cem anos, em um contexto de adversidade, incerteza e tensões próprias da crise sanitária e externas a ela, revelo-te a trajetória de uma mulher cientista que viveu esse período em um governo que tinha na negação da ciência seu projeto político.
EXPLORING POTENTIAL OF METAL RESISTANT AND PGP ATTRIBUTES OF PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING RHIZOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SOUTHERN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: Batool Shumaila
Published: September 2022

Phosphorus is highly required nutrient for proper plant functioning and growth but due to its highly reactive nature it changed its form after short period of time when we applied as fertilizer and become unavailable for plant uptake while Phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria are powerful candidates that solubilize the P that is already present in soil. So, the present research based on the hypothesis to isolating, screening and optimizing the phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria with potential of metalresistant and multiple PGPR attributes. Total 55 PSR strains were isolated out of which 20 strains (WUSB1,WUSB2, WUSB3, WUSB4, WUSB5, WUSB6, WUSB7, WUSB8, WUSB9, WUSB10, WUSB11, WUSB12, WUSB13, WUSB14, WUSB15, WUSB16, WUSB17, WUSB18, WUSB19, WUSB20) were selected with 4-8 (PSI) and 30-122?g/ml phosphate solubilization in NBRIP medium for one weekincubation at 370C. These strains were further analyzed for their physiochemical attributes, metal resistant, extracellular enzyme production and PGP attributes. Final results showed that one candidate designated the name as WUSB16 produce significant results i.e. having capacity to solubilize P 5.46 (PSI) on agar plate assay and 105?g/ml in broth assay, Acid and alkaline phosphatase production 20?mol PNPb ml-1 hr-1 or 15?mol PNP ml-1 hr-1 respectively. It showed metal resistant against ZnSO4, MnSO4 and CuSO4. Evaluation of PGP attributes indicated that the capacity of WUSB16 strain for auxin production was 100?g/ml, for siderophore and nitrogen fixation was stronger (+++), for Hydrogen Cyanide and ammonia production was medium (++) and for ACC deaminase was negative (-). From above results we can conclude that WUSB16 PSR strain with multifaceted PGP traits is the best candidate that have potential to utilized as Phosphate solubilizing bioinoculant.
MODEL OF THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON WORK ACHIEVEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF PERSONNEL IN INDONESIA
Authors: Liana Esti
Published: September 2022

The objectives of this study are: 1)  To determine the influence of leadership on the performance of personnel in Indonesia. 2) To determine the effect of work discipline on the work performance of personnel in Indonesia. 3) To determine the effect of leadership and work discipline together on the work performance of personnel in Indonesia.” This “research approach is quantitative, descriptive and associative. The population in this study were 110 personnel in government agencies in Indonesia. In this study the authors narrow the population by calculating the sample size using the Slovin technique. So the number of samples studied were 52 respondents”. The results of this study indicate that: 1) There is an influence of leadership on the work performance of personnel. 2) There is an influence of work discipline on the work performance of personnel. 3) There is an influence of leadership and work discipline together on the work performance of personnel.
Building Compassion and Empathy in Medical Students through Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet
Authors: Jani Bushra Juhi
Published: September 2022

With the aim of introducing medical humanities to medical colleges in Iraq, the researcher, who teaches English to medical students at Al-Nahrain University in Baghdad, initiated the idea of a performance of Shakespeare’s most popular play Romeo and Juliet. The main aim was to promote empathy and compassion for medical students after realizing that biomedical sciences have detached them from these feelings. Through activities in the English Language lectures, students, particularly 2nd and 3rd year, reflected on stories and passages in a way that lacked any connection or empathy. In one of the units of their English coursebook, there are two pages dedicated to Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet. With the idea of the pair of star-crossed lovers, who suffer misfortunes brought upon them by causes quite independent of any flaw of character or immorality of conduct in both or either of them, the researcher found in the play a work of art that can create empathy and compassion in the readers as well as the audience, and hence came the idea of the performance. The researcher chose an abridged version of the play found on the Internet. To link the play with science to avoid objection from the scientific institution, the researcher added a scene taken from a speech by the scientist Fatima AlZahra’a Alatraktchi comparing the secret communication of bacteria with this Shakespearean play. The paper is about the reception of the idea of the play by the students at the medical college, who were overjoyed when they read the call for actors for the play and immediately a huge number of them showed interest in taking part in the performance. Though the performance was supposed to take place in mid-March, it was postponed because of the end-of-term exams. The paper deals with the manners of building empathy and compassion among the medical college community. Finally, the paper tries to show the importance of introducing literature and arts to medical students with the aim of giving more emphasis to the study of humanities disciplines in medical colleges in Iraq in the future.
Literature and Medicine in the United Arab Emirates: Metaphors of Illness
Authors: Fahim Abeer A.
Published: September 2022

This paper will discuss the interdisciplinary approach of literature and medicine in light of the recent introduction of Narrative Medicine as a course at Fatima College of Health Sciences, Institute of Applied Technology, UAE. I proposed a Narrative Medicine course at Fatima College of Health Sciences (FCHS) which was accepted, and I currently teach and coordinate this course (which is also being taught at FCHS in Ajman and Al Ain). The course has been tailored to suit healthcare students in the field of nursing, psychology, radiography/imaging, paramedics, pharmacy and physiotherapy. This paper will examine the pedagogical approaches used to enhance the skills of creativity and close-reading and the application of these skills in medical contexts. More specifically, the paper will address the importance of using literature to teach the subjectivity of health-related experiences and the interconnectedness of literary frameworks to stories of illness—while taking into consideration the specific cultural context of the region. While the principles of Narrative Medicine of recognizing, absorbing, interpreting, and acting when hearing stories of illness may seem general and applicable to all contexts, it is essential to consider that the cultural context necessitates that these principles be applied with a sensitivity to both the cultural values of the region as well as its diversity and multiculturalism. The paper will focus on how these two sides are balanced while developing and teaching Narrative Medicine in the UAE. Drawing upon Susan Sontag’s Illness as Metaphor (1990), the paper will use the example of “military metaphors” in relation to a patient’s experience with cancer, to show how the linguistic underpinnings of these metaphors and their implications can vary depending upon the cultural and social context of a clinical setting. While Sontag’s attack on cancer’s military metaphors may seem applicable to some Western contexts, the application of Sontag’s work in an Arab context must take into consideration the difference in cultural perspective on the concepts of acceptance, surrender, and fight in relation to illness and death.
Is the Beauty Industry a Virus Invading the Medical Profession?
Authors: Bashir Ala H.
Published: September 2022

The practice of medicine and the medical sciences have progressed tremendously in the past half century. This talk explores the background and causes of this transformation in medicine as seen through the lens of a surgeon who has practiced medicine for over 50 years.

If Medicine is the science and practice of diagnosis, treatment, prevention, alleviation, or cure of disease… If our role as Medical Professionals is to protect, promote, and restore good health… If our Hippocratic oath speaks to the notion of Primum Non Nocere. First, do no harm…

Then… Can the newly created branches of cosmetic and aesthetic surgery within the field of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery be considered “Medicine”? Should Medicine be in the business of beauty services? Should beauty standards remain in the domain of art? Is the beauty industry a virus in the Medical Profession? How do we ensure our Profession stays true to its promise, its oath?
Communication Skills with the Unsighted and Visually Impaired During Medical Interview - Mosul, Iraq
Authors: Ali Nahla Khalaf , Sultan Abdulsalam S. , Ahmed Muna Muneer , Faris Muna Hameed , Modar Hameed Mohammed , Al-Fathy Marab Younis Abdullah
Published: September 2022

Background: Disability is any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity (WHO, 2022). The numbers of visually impaired persons globally was 285 million during 2020 and grows by up to 2 million yearly (Jabnoun et al., 2016). They receive the least benefits from health care services (Pratt et al, 2018). Realizing the principles of human rights regarding health care provision (Duffly, 2022), communication is an important human feature during the medical interview (Ben-noun, 2014) and it is very important to deliver a useful health service in any health system (Kaplonyi, 2017). It has been noted that unsighted persons suffer from communication problems with health care providers that affect their health care.

Aim: To identify needs of unsighted persons during the medical interview.

Materials and Methods: This study was done in Um Al-Rabean Development Foundation for Blinds and Purblinds in Mosul, Iraq, using a case series study design from January1 to February 1, 2022. Sixty-seven blind (unsighted) persons. Data were collected by using an electronic data collection Google form consisting of two axes, the 1st one included the demographic information of the study sample, and the 2nd one included the doctor- communication skills followed during the medical interview with the unsighted patients.

Results: This study revealed that the participants’ response rate was equal among both sexes. Most of them were aged 18 years and above and about one third were married. The percentage of celibacy was high, about 58.2%. Only (44.8%) of respondents had access to education, and the percentage of government employees was very low at 26.9%. The doctors’ communication skills followed during the medical interview with the participants were weak; more than half of doctors did not introduce their names, lower their voice, or give enough time for the patient to present their problem; adding to that, 74.6% did not shake hands with patients (before the COVID-19 pandemic). 20% of doctors did not assist during seating, only one third asked permission before giving help, and only 25.4% of doctors treat unsighted patients as normal persons. Roughly one fifth of doctors called the participants by their names more than once.

Conclusion: Training of doctors in communication skills techniques concerning this group is seriously needed. We recommend broader research work on a larger sample to study this topic from the point of view of doctors and patients.
A Middle Eastern Memoir: Head Above Water
Authors: Alshammari Shahd
Published: September 2022

Life narratives are rare in the Gulf region due to many issues. Khaleeji women writing about their lives, bodies, illnesses, and disabilities is almost unheard of. By writing about their illness and disability, authors re-claim their voice and agency, writing their silenced bodies as Helene Cixous urges women to write through Écriture feminine. This presentation considers the genre of illness narrative through using my memoir on Multiple Sclerosis (MS), teaching, and academia. I will read excerpts from the memoir to contextualize the work in order to stimulate discussion. Head Above Water: Reflections on Illness was published on 30 May 2022, the World MS Day. I will share excerpts from the work with the audience and point out relevant issues of the medicalization of the body. Head Above Water considers the intersections of sexism, racism, and ableism. It calls for a destigmatization of disability and illness in our personal lives and in the academy. It is my hope that the presentation is accessible, creative, and inspires discussion.
The Value of Medical Humanities in Education: A Panel Discussion Amongst Medical Students
Authors: Arabi Maryam , Dilawar Azwa , Al-Najjar Yousef , Elmagarmid Khadija , Tom Abdallah , Ganesan Sanjith , Ahmed Amr , Al-Janahi Reem , Gohil Harsh , Al-Namla Abdulrahman , Kamal Ibtihal , Omar Sara
Published: September 2022

Medical Humanities is an interdisciplinary field that has slowly been integrated into medical education. Despite developments in medical technologies, patients still experience feelings of grief, anger, and anxiety about their health and rely on their doctor for moral and emotional support. Thus, patients are inevitably finding doctors' empathy and understanding equally as important as their medical knowledge and clinical experience. The development and incorporation of medical humanities courses are vital for enhancing the delivery of treatment to the patient and optimizing their physical, mental, social, and emotional well-being. Nonetheless, some healthcare professionals and educators still argue that the medical field has advanced far beyond the theoretical approaches of medical humanities, especially since limited data is available to support their effectiveness. Another objection that is raised against the humanities is that the medical curriculum is already extremely rigorous, which makes it challenging to incorporate any new material into the standard coursework. Seven medical students from WCM-Q aim to uncover the potential values and limitations of medical humanities in current education and its efficacy in clinical settings. The discussion sheds light on the core skills that can be promoted by humanities including observation, listening, sensitivity, sensibility, and communication. Furthermore, the panelists engaged in a fruitful conversation exploring the narrative and scientific thinking of doctors and examining the cost-benefit analysis of modern medical practices with traditional therapeutic approaches.
Leveraging Digital Tools for Health Communication and Promotion
Authors: Anand Rajalakshmi , Cheema Sohaila
Published: September 2022

Globally, one-third of the world’s population has difficulty searching, comprehending, and using information needed to maintain health and well-being (Van den Broucke, 2020). Empowering people to learn and practice healthy behaviors and engage in self-care is at the core of health promotion (Van den Broucke, 2020). Appropriate health communication has been vital during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic impact can be alleviated by promoting healthy behaviors while using appropriate tools to publicize information in easily understood language by the public. Most health information is accessed online so digital health communication and promotion is important. Numerous digital tools are available. Electronic mail (email) is a powerful tool to engage with various audiences using electronic devices. Worldwide 3.9 billion people use email, spending up to five hours daily to check work and personal emails (SlideShare, 2019) (Statista, 2021). Emails are cost effective and directly connect the intended audience with personalized content. MailChimp is a digital tool that the Institute for Population Health (IPH), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar uses to disseminate credible information via email to create awareness about health-related topics. MailChimp is convenient to use with in-built templates to create visually appealing content along with the option to add unique links as required. Embedding useful links and eye-catching visuals attracts consumers to read and learn from the content. MailChimp also hosts the audience database, manages audience preferences, and facilitates scheduling/sending the newsletters. For example, the IPH ‘Stay Safe, Stay Healthy’ newsletter created on MailChimp, focuses on topics relevant to COVID-19, health, and well-being. The newsletters guide the public to navigate, and access trusted/reputable sources to adopt lifestyles appropriate for optimum health and well-being. They provide information in simple language using appealing and culturally appropriate visuals and communicate new or updated evidence as necessary. The newsletter email campaigns have garnered 111,789 opens (total times the campaign was opened by recipients) and 28,507 clicks (total times any tracked link was clicked) from March 2020-2022 (MailChimp, 2022). Reliable, evidence-based, and well-crafted health communication can facilitate behavior change, dispel fear and uncertainty, promote compliance with positive health behaviors, and disseminate reliable and succinct information (Finset, 2020). It can also help alleviate stress and feelings of ‘overwhelm’ when confronted with information overload online (Van den Broucke, 2020). Most digital tools such as MailChimp are accessible via a paid subscription. Subscription fees could be a deterrent to their use. Nevertheless, digital tools like MailChimp are an effective means to optimize emails and can contribute to health promotion by facilitating the dissemination of health-related information via email, in a timely, efficient, and effective manner.
A Fictional Glimpse of Challenges to Belonging: Excerpts from “Sidekick”
Authors: Fetherston Robin
Published: September 2022

“Sidekick,” an original short fiction work, explores the concept of belonging through its two main characters, Birch and Aggie, who struggle to find social acceptance. The challenge for Birch is that he has paranoid schizophrenia. While he exhibits symptoms of delusions and experiences auditory complex perceptions, as do many with paranoid schizophrenia, unlike most, he also sees visual hallucinations. The general population might confuse his disability with dissociative identity disorder, or existing in multiple personality states. Instead, Birch seems cut off from reality, and while highly intelligent and educated, has been unable, especially in recent years, to maintain a successful life. The narrator, Aggie, is a retiree whose career was spent as an expatriate working with farming communities for a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Cambodia. She has recently returned to her home in Virginia. Her perceptions and experience are partially based on research and my observations while visiting Cambodia and my conversations with NGO employees there. The greater portion, however, is informed by my observations and experiences over the last eighteen years as a member of the expatriate community in Doha, Qatar, one of the Gulf states. Usually, expatriates are motivated by imagining a better life abroad in status, salary, and/or in opportunities to make a meaningful contribution. Aggie’s desires fit within the third category, but as is common in the lives of expats, her dreams met with obstacles, which require adjustment if the expat is to remain abroad. Aggie was unable to find a way to adjust. However, upon her return, she has realized that her home is no longer familiar to her, and while she has never quite fit into the fashionable society of Richmond’s West End, her outsider status has become even more pronounced. Her first-person account relays her chance encounter at a café with the much younger Birch and the tentative attempts these two lonely people make in pursuing a possible platonic friendship.
Graphic Medicine as a Wake-up Call to Stand Against Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt
Authors: Yousri Sarah
Published: September 2022

FGM, Female Genital Mutilation, is one of the most prevalent types of violence against girls and women in Egypt. Despite its horrific short- and long-term physical and psychological complications, according to UNICEF data reports, FGM remains widely practised against girls and women aged 15-49 in around 30 countries in Africa and Asia (UNICEF Egypt Data Snapshot, 2019). Non-medical, primarily, social and cultural beliefs that are associated with girls’ and women’s chastity, marriageability, hygiene and honour continue to control the lives of millions of them and, in some cases, lead to their death. November 25, 2021 marked the 30th anniversary of the global 16 days campaign of activism which was launched by the Centre for Women’s Leadership to raise awareness about violence against women worldwide. In Egypt, this year, among several events that commemorate the anniversary, Care Egypt Foundation in collaboration with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the National Committee for the Eradication of Female Genital Mutilation (NCEFGM), launched a social media campaign against FGM entitled “My Story with Genital Mutilation” (Care Egypt, 2021). The campaign’s team gathered eight real-life stories of Egyptian women survivors and collaborated with artist Noran Fikri who drew the graphic artwork. In this research project, I argue that the aim of choosing graphic drawings for that campaign is twofold: 1) drawing real-life stories of Egyptian FGM survivors empowers thousands of girls/women to break their silence, and report about similar practices which may prevent potential victims from undergoing such abuse; 2) this campaign aims to reach large numbers of social platform users, to make FGM everyone’s problem in Egypt, in the hope of shifting the narrative from chiefly raising awareness about performing such violent practices into inspiring mainly not Non-Government Organizations, lawmakers or national officials but individuals—whether directly harmed or not—to take an action against FGM. I also suggest that this eight-graphic-stories collection is a representation of a graphic medicine movement in Egypt. Coined in 2010 by Ian Williams, Graphic Medicine is “the intersection of the medium of comics and the discourse of healthcare… a community where many people have found their voice” (Czerwiec et al, 2015, p. 1). The graphic form lends a fresh perspective on FGM survivors’ personal physical, psychological and mental suffering. It softly invites other women survivors to share their stories. Since it is a social media campaign, each of these eight very short stories is illustrated in a one-page graphic artwork, in a short, quick yet shocking and horrifying emotion-packed post. The graphic visual delineation of the memory of pain and hurt of such abuse which those women are forced to live with, subtly connect them to their fellow survivors in a manner that words cannot attain.
Teaching Medical Humanities in a Middle Eastern International Medical School: Frameworks and structure
Authors: Daher-Nashif Suhad , Kane Tanya
Published: September 2022

Several reports over the last two decades have indicated the importance and success of incorporating medical humanities courses and modules in medical schools. While this inclusion is well established in the Euro-American contexts, it is still underrepresented and understudied in Eastern contexts. In this presentation we aim to describe building an elective course titled “Medicine and the Arts” for second and third-year medical students of different nationalities at the College of Medicine in Qatar University. In offering this elective we aimed to establish an understanding of the linkages between humanities, medicine and art, and to strengthen concepts and practices of culture competence among the students.

Little has been written on designing medical humanities courses in non-Western contexts. In structuring and building the content of the course in a Middle Eastern context, we faced several challenges. The discipline privileges the Western scene and discourse in art and humanities, means that resources tend to be mainly Euro-American in their framing of medical concepts such as doctor-patient relationship, patient-centred approach, illness narratives. Whereas the students enrolled in the college come from non-Western contexts, which are largely ignored in the majority of the available current reports.

To equivocate these challenges, we used the Cultural Competence Model of Purnell; adopted an interdisciplinary approach and employed the concept of intersectionality to structure and deliver a culturally competent course that explores the nexus of medicine, humanities and art. Students were encouraged to link topics discussed in the course to their own experiences and cultures as a way to create relevance and meaning. Lastly, we made a concerted effort to curate art work reflecting the students’ rich cultural heritage.

The course comprises five themes, taught in two-week blocks:

– Medicine, history and painting

– Medicine, anthropology and photography/documentary

– Medicine, sociology and music

– Medicine, literature and philosophy

– Medicine, psychology and cinema

The remaining sessions include physician-artists guest speakers and visits to relevant art exhibitions to explore art in medical contexts.

Adopting a culturally competent approach to medical humanities helps to broaden the scope and make the course relevant to a culturally diverse student population. This approach harnesses the students’ own cultural backgrounds and works of art to explore the nexus between humanities, social sciences and medical care from around the world.
Crisis, Feminism, and Existentialism: Re-reading El-Saadawi’s Memoirs of a Woman Doctor in COVID -19 times
Authors: Daher-Nashif Suhad
Published: September 2022

In her Memoirs of a Woman Doctor, Dr. Nawal El-Saadawi, an Egyptian physician, writer and feminist, describes the development of her existential questions as a human being and a doctor throughout her life changes and the interaction with her socio-cultural patriarchal context. Following a crisis in her professional identity, Dr. El-Saadawi questions the meaning of doctoring, the doctor-patient relationship, and life as well as the absurdity of death and alienation. A young woman died while giving birth to her first child, and Dr. El-Saadawi's failure to save the woman's life changed her self-positioning in relation to medicine and the sanctity of science. This experience caused her to sanctify human beings and the humanity of doctors, rather than sanctifying their knowledge only, and created an acute awareness of the link between her body, mind and soul. She writes “The focus of the struggle inside me widened out from masculinity and femininity to embrace humankind as a whole. Human beings appeared to be insignificant creatures in spite of their muscles, their brain cells and the complexity of their arterial and nervous systems. A small microbe, invisible to the naked eye, could be breathed in through the nose and eat away at the cells of the lungs. An unidentifiable virus could strike at random and make the cells of the liver or spleen or any other part of the body multiply at a crazy rate and devour everything around them […] I found my feet taking me in a completely new direction.” (p. 21). In the end, she finds relief for her soul in her love for a musician and attributes music to rescuing her from darkness. Drawing on content-thematic analysis of the memoirs, in this presentation I make an analogy between the crisis that Dr. El-Saadawi experienced, and the potential crises that health care providers (HCPs) faced during their work in the first stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the existential and philosophical questions suggested by Dr. El-Saadawi, in this presentation, I suggest that we look behind the scenes of the ICU and think in-depth about healthcare providers' existential experiences during the COVID-19 outbreak - a global crisis that can be very personal for the HCPs. We will discuss how the crisis and facing death on daily basis could influence healthcare providers' existential and philosophical perceptions, when they are unable to control a virus and save lives.