bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging with penetrating radiation for the study of small dynamic physical processes
Authors: Merrill F. E.
Published: May 2015

Since Roentgen's discovery of X rays in the late 1800s the use of penetrating radiation to form images has become a part of our everyday life as well as providing a useful tool for the scientific study of processes that have been previously impossible to measure. This can include the study of processes that are too deeply embedded in opaque materials for direct observation, or that occur on a length or time scale smaller than otherwise can be easily measured. As technologies to generate penetrating radiation and quickly collect images have matured, new techniques have emerged to measure processes that have been hidden for many years. One example is advances in flash radiography using charged particles as radiographic probes, including proton radiography and electron radiography. Recently the successful commissioning of proton microscope systems has provided remarkable improvements in spatial resolution. These techniques are being implemented for applications with electron radiography. With the evolution of these new techniques comes the opportunity to choose the probe that provides the maximum information for the desired measurement. This paper describes these new imaging techniques, predicts the capabilities of high-energy electron radiography, and provides a guide for identifying the optimal probe for a wide range of measurements.
James N. Pitts Jr. (1921–2014)
Authors: Blake Donald R. , Finlayson-Pitts Barbara J. , Nizkorodov Sergey
Published: May 2015

Pitts's contributions to understanding what drives atmospheric pollution and his dedication to teaching and mentoring made him a preeminent leader in atmospheric chemistry.
XBP1 mitigates aminoglycoside-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuronal cell death
Authors: Oishi N , Duscha S , Boukari H , Meyer M , Xie J , Wei G , Schrepfer T , Roschitzki B , Boettger E C , Schacht J
Published: May 2015

Here we study links between aminoglycoside-induced mistranslation, protein misfolding and neuropathy. We demonstrate that aminoglycosides induce misreading in mammalian cells and assess endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Genome-wide transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed upregulation of genes related to protein folding and degradation. Quantitative PCR confirmed induction of UPR markers including C/EBP homologous protein, glucose-regulated protein 94, binding immunoglobulin protein and X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) mRNA splicing, which is crucial for UPR activation. We studied the effect of a compromised UPR on aminoglycoside ototoxicity in haploinsufficient XBP1 (XBP1+/−) mice. Intra-tympanic aminoglycoside treatment caused high-frequency hearing loss in XBP1+/− mice but not in wild-type littermates. Densities of spiral ganglion cells and synaptic ribbons were decreased in gentamicin-treated XBP1+/− mice, while sensory cells were preserved. Co-injection of the chemical chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid attenuated hearing loss. These results suggest that aminoglycoside-induced ER stress and cell death in spiral ganglion neurons is mitigated by XBP1, masking aminoglycoside neurotoxicity at the organismal level.
A NK complex‐linked locus restricts the spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the brains of C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Kastrukoff Lorne F , Lau Allen S , Takei Fumio , Carbone Francis R , Scalzo Anthony A
Published: May 2015

The most frequent cause of sporadic viral encephalitis in western countries is Herpes simplex virus (HSV). Despite treatment, mortality rates reach 20–30% while survivors often suffer from significant morbidity. In mice, resistance to lethal Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is multifactorial and influenced by mouse and virus strain as well as route of infection. The ability to restrict viral spread in the brain is one factor contributing to resistance. After infection of the oral mucosa with HSV type 1 (HSV‐1), virus spreads throughout the brains of susceptible strains but is restricted in resistant C57BL/6 mice. To further investigate restriction of viral spread in the brain, mendelian analysis was combined with studies of congenic, intra‐natural killer complex (intra‐NKC) recombinant and antibody‐depleted mice. Results from mendelian analysis support the restriction of viral spread as a dominant trait and consistent with a single gene effect. In congenic mice, the locus maps to the NKC on chromosome 6 and is provisionally termed Herpes Resistance Locus 2 (Hrl2). In intra‐NKC recombinants, the locus is further mapped to the segment Cd69 through D6Wum34; a different location from previously identified loci (Hrl and Rhs1) also associated with HSV‐1 infection. Studies with antibody‐depleted mice indicate the effect of this locus is mediated by NK1.1+ expressing cells. This model increases our knowledge of lethal HSE, which may lead to new treatment options.
Non-autonomous DAF-16/FOXO activity antagonizes age-related loss of C. elegans germline stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Qin Zhao , Hubbard E. Jane Albert
Published: May 2015

Stem cells maintain tissues and organs over the lifespan of individuals. How aging influences this process is unclear. Here we investigate the effects of aging on C. elegans germline stem/progenitor cells and show that the progenitor pool is depleted over time in a manner dependent on inhibition of DAF-16/FOXO by insulin/IGF-1 signalling (IIS). Our data indicate that DAF-16/FOXO activity in certain somatic gonad cells is required for germline progenitor maintenance, and that this role is separable from the effect of DAF-16/FOXO on organismal aging. In addition, blocking germ cell flux, similar to reducing IIS, maintains germline progenitors. This effect is partially dependent on gonadal DAF-16/FOXO activity. Our results imply that (1) longevity pathways can regulate aging stem cells through anatomically separable mechanisms, (2) stem cell maintenance is not necessarily prioritized and (3) stem cell regulation can occur at the level of an entire organ system such as the reproductive system.
Green fluorescent protein nanopolygons as monodisperse supramolecular assemblies of functional proteins with defined valency
Authors: Kim Young Eun , Kim Yu-na , Kim Jung A. , Kim Ho Min , Jung Yongwon
Published: May 2015

Supramolecular protein assemblies offer novel nanoscale architectures with molecular precision and unparalleled functional diversity. A key challenge, however, is to create precise nano-assemblies of functional proteins with both defined structures and a controlled number of protein-building blocks. Here we report a series of supramolecular green fluorescent protein oligomers that are assembled in precise polygonal geometries and prepared in a monodisperse population. Green fluorescent protein is engineered to be self-assembled in cells into oligomeric assemblies that are natively separated in a single-protein resolution by surface charge manipulation, affording monodisperse protein (nano)polygons from dimer to decamer. Several functional proteins are multivalently displayed on the oligomers with controlled orientations. Spatial arrangements of protein oligomers and displayed functional proteins are directly visualized by a transmission electron microscope. By employing our functional protein assemblies, we provide experimental insight into multivalent protein–protein interactions and tools to manipulate receptor clustering on live cell surfaces.
Wearable red–green–blue quantum dot light-emitting diode array using high-resolution intaglio transfer printing
Authors: Choi Moon Kee , Yang Jiwoong , Kang Kwanghun , Kim Dong Chan , Choi Changsoon , Park Chaneui , Kim Seok Joo , Chae Sue In , Kim Tae-Ho , Kim Ji Hoon , Hyeon Taeghwan , Kim Dae-Hyeong
Published: May 2015

Deformable full-colour light-emitting diodes with ultrafine pixels are essential for wearable electronics, which requires the conformal integration on curvilinear surface as well as retina-like high-definition displays. However, there are remaining challenges in terms of polychromatic configuration, electroluminescence efficiency and/or multidirectional deformability. Here we present ultra-thin, wearable colloidal quantum dot light-emitting diode arrays utilizing the intaglio transfer printing technique, which allows the alignment of red–green–blue pixels with high resolutions up to 2,460 pixels per inch. This technique is readily scalable and adaptable for low-voltage-driven pixelated white quantum dot light-emitting diodes and electronic tattoos, showing the best electroluminescence performance (14,000 cd m−2 at 7 V) among the wearable light-emitting diodes reported up to date. The device performance is stable on flat, curved and convoluted surfaces under mechanical deformations such as bending, crumpling and wrinkling. These deformable device arrays highlight new possibilities for integrating high-definition full-colour displays in wearable electronics.
Role of the Tau N-terminal region in microtubule stabilization revealed by newendogenous truncated forms
Authors: Derisbourg Maxime , Leghay Coline , Chiappetta Giovanni , Fernandez-Gomez Francisco-Jose , Laurent Cyril , Demeyer Dominique , Carrier Sébastien , Buée-Scherrer Valérie , Blum David , Vinh Joëlle , Sergeant Nicolas , Verdier Yann , Buée Luc , Hamdane Malika
Published: May 2015

Tau is a central player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and relatedTauopathies, where it is found as aggregates in degenerating neurons. Abnormalpost-translational modifications, such as truncation, are likely involved in thepathological process. A major step forward in understanding the role of Tautruncation would be to identify the precise cleavage sites of the several truncatedTau fragments that are observed until now in AD brains, especially those truncatedat the N-terminus, which are less characterized than those truncated at theC-terminus. Here, we optimized a proteomics approach and succeeded in identifying anumber of new N-terminally truncated Tau species from the human brain. We initiatedcell-based functional studies by analyzing the biochemical characteristics of twoN-terminally truncated Tau species starting at residues Met11 and Gln124respectively. Our results show, interestingly, that the Gln124-Tau fragment displaysa stronger ability to bind and stabilize microtubules, suggesting that the TauN-terminal domain could play a direct role in the regulation of microtubulestabilization. Future studies based on our new N-terminally truncated-Tau speciesshould improve our knowledge of the role of truncation in Tau biology as well as inthe AD pathological process.
Optogenetic stimulation of mPFC pyramidal neurons as a conditioned stimulus supports associative learning in rats
Authors: Wu Guang-yan , Liu Guo-long , Zhang Hui-min , Chen Chong , Liu Shu-lei , Feng Hua , Sui Jian-feng
Published: May 2015

It is generally accepted that the associative learning occurs when a behaviorally neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) in close temporal proximity. Eyeblink conditioning (EBC) is a simple form of associative learning for motor responses. Specific activation of a population of cells may be an effective and sufficient CS for establishing EBC. However, there has been no direct evidence to support this hypothesis. Here, we show in rats that optogenetic activation of the right caudal mPFC pyramidal neurons as a CS is sufficient to support the acquisition of delay eyeblink conditioning (DEC). Interestingly, the associative memory was not stably expressed during the initial period of daily conditioning session even after the CR acquisition reached the asymptotic level. Finally, the intensity and consistency of the CS were found to be crucial factors in regulating the retrieval of the associative memory. These results may be of importance in understanding the neural cellular mechanisms underlying associative learning and the mechanisms underlying retrieval process of memory.
Trichostatin A specifically improves the aberrant expression of transcription factor genes in embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Inoue Kimiko , Oikawa Mami , Kamimura Satoshi , Ogonuki Narumi , Nakamura Toshinobu , Nakano Toru , Abe Kuniya , Ogura Atsuo
Published: May 2015

Although mammalian cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been established in various species, the low developmental efficiency has hampered its practical applications. Treatment of SCNT-derived embryos with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can improve their development, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. To address this question, we analysed gene expression profiles of SCNT-derived 2-cell mouse embryos treated with trichostatin A (TSA), a potent HDAC inhibitor that is best used for mouse cloning. Unexpectedly, TSA had no effect on the numbers of aberrantly expressed genes or the overall gene expression pattern in the embryos. However, in-depth investigation by gene ontology and functional analyses revealed that TSA treatment specifically improved the expression of a small subset of genes encoding transcription factors and their regulatory factors, suggesting their positive involvement in de novo RNA synthesis. Indeed, introduction of one of such transcription factors, Spi-C, into the embryos at least partially mimicked the TSA-induced improvement in embryonic development by activating gene networks associated with transcriptional regulation. Thus, the effects of TSA treatment on embryonic gene expression did not seem to be stochastic, but more specific than expected, targeting genes that direct development and trigger zygotic genome activation at the 2-cell stage.
Metrology of confined flows using wide field nanoparticle velocimetry
Authors: Ranchon Hubert , Picot Vincent , Bancaud Aurélien
Published: May 2015

The manipulation of fluids in micro/nanofabricated systems opens new avenues to engineer the transport of matter at the molecular level. Yet the number of methods for thein situcharacterization of fluid flows in shallow channels is limited. Here we establish a simple method called nanoparticle velocimetry distribution analysis (NVDA) that relies on wide field microscopy to measure the flow rate and channel height based on the fitting of particle velocity distributions along and across the flow direction. NVDA is validated by simulations, showing errors in velocity and height determination of less than 1% and 8% respectively, as well as with experiments, in which we monitor the behavior of 200 nm nanoparticles conveyed in channels of ~1.8 μm in height. We then show the relevance of this assay for the characterization of flows in bulging channels and prove its suitability to characterize the concentration of particles across the channel height in the context of visco-elastic focusing. Our method for rapid and quantitative flow characterization has therefore a broad spectrum of applications in micro/nanofluidics and a strong potential for the optimization of Lab-on-Chips modules in which engineering of confined transport is necessary.
Extraordinary Capability for Water Treatment Achieved by a Perfluorous Conjugated Microporous Polymer
Authors: Yang Rui-Xia , Wang Ting-Ting , Deng Wei-Qiao
Published: May 2015

Oils, organic solvents, dyes and heavy metal ions are primary pollutants in water resources. Currently, no sorbent material can effectively remove these types of pollutants simultaneously. Here we report a perfluorous conjugated microporous polymer with superhydrophobicity and a large surface area, which exhibits outstanding adsorption capacities, kinetics and recyclability for a wide range of organic solvents, oils, dyes and heavy metal ions. The adsorption capacities of this polymer, 1376.7 mg g−1 for Congo red, 808.2 mg g−1 for Pb(II) and 303.2 mg g−1 for As(V), are higher than the adsorption capacities of any previously described porous materials. Our theoretical calculation reveals that the superior properties of this polymer are due to fluorination and triple bonds within the polymer. A benchmark experiment indicates that this polymer can efficiently remove these pollutants simultaneously. Application of this polymer may lead to the development of next-generation reusable and portable water purification appliances.
Silver (I) as DNA glue: Ag+-mediated guanine pairing revealed by removing Watson-Crick constraints
Authors: Swasey Steven M. , Leal Leonardo Espinosa , Lopez-Acevedo Olga , Pavlovich James , Gwinn Elisabeth G.
Published: May 2015

Metal ion interactions with DNA have far-reaching implications in biochemistry and DNA nanotechnology. Ag+ is uniquely interesting because it binds exclusively to the bases rather than the backbone of DNA, without the toxicity of Hg2+. In contrast to prior studies of Ag+ incorporation into double-stranded DNA, we remove the constraints of Watson-Crick pairing by focusing on homo-base DNA oligomers of the canonical bases. High resolution electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry reveals an unanticipated Ag+-mediated pairing of guanine homo-base strands, with higher stability than canonical guanine-cytosine pairing. By exploring unrestricted binding geometries, quantum chemical calculations find that Ag+ bridges between non-canonical sites on guanine bases. Circular dichroism spectroscopy shows that the Ag+-mediated structuring of guanine homobase strands persists to at least 90 °C under conditions for which canonical guanine-cytosine duplexes melt below 20 °C. These findings are promising for DNA nanotechnology and metal-ion based biomedical science.
Soft X-Ray Microscopy Radiation Damage On Fixed Cells Investigated With Synchrotron Radiation FTIR Microscopy
Authors: Gianoncelli A. , Vaccari L. , Kourousias G. , Cassese D. , Bedolla D. E. , Kenig S. , Storici P. , Lazzarino M. , Kiskinova M.
Published: May 2015

Radiation damage of biological samples remains a limiting factor in high resolution X-ray microscopy (XRM). Several studies have attempted to evaluate the extent and the effects of radiation damage, proposing strategies to minimise or prevent it. The present work aims to assess the impact of soft X-rays on formalin fixed cells on a systematic manner. The novelty of this approach resides on investigating the radiation damage not only with XRM, as often reported in relevant literature on the topic, but by coupling it with two additional independent non-destructive microscopy methods: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and FTIR Microscopy (FTIRM). Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells were exposed to different radiation doses at 1 keV. In order to reveal possible morphological and biochemical changes, the irradiated cells were systematically analysed with AFM and FTIRM before and after. Results reveal that while cell morphology is not substantially affected, cellular biochemical profile changes significantly and progressively when increasing dose, resulting in a severe breakdown of the covalent bonding network. This information impacts most soft XRM studies on fixed cells and adds an in-depth understanding of the radiation damage for developing better prevention strategies.
On the superposition principle in interference experiments
Authors: Sinha Aninda , H. Vijay Aravind , Sinha Urbasi
Published: May 2015

The superposition principle is usually incorrectly applied in interference experiments. This has recently been investigated through numerics based on Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) methods as well as the Feynman path integral formalism. In the current work, we have derived an analytic formula for the Sorkin parameter which can be used to determine the deviation from the application of the principle. We have found excellent agreement between the analytic distribution and those that have been earlier estimated by numerical integration as well as resource intensive FDTD simulations. The analytic handle would be useful for comparing theory with future experiments. It is applicable both to physics based on classical wave equations as well as the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation.
Magnetic Transition to Antiferromagnetic Phase in Gadolinium Substituted Topological Insulator Bi2Te3
Authors: Kim Jinsu , Lee Kyujoon , Takabatake Toshiro , Kim Hanchul , Kim Miyoung , Jung Myung-Hwa
Published: May 2015

There are many interests to achieve long-range magnetic order in topological insulators of Bi2Se3 or Bi2Te3 by doping magnetic transition metals such as Fe and Mn. The transition metals act as not only magnetic dopants but also electric dopants because they are usually divalent. However, if the doping elements are rare-earth metals such as Gd, which are trivalent, only magnetic moments can be introduced. We fabricated single crystals of Bi2-xGdxTe3 (0 ≤ × ≤ 0.2), in which we observed magnetic phase change from paramagnetic (PM) to antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase by increasing x. This PM-to-AFM phase transition agrees with the density functional theory calculations showing a weak and short-ranged Gd-Gd AFM coupling via the intervening Te ions. The critical point corresponding to the magnetic phase transition is x = 0.09, where large linear magnetoresistance and highly anisotropic Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations are observed. These results are discussed with two-dimensional properties of topological surface state electrons.
Marine lipopeptide Iturin A inhibits Akt mediated GSK3β and FoxO3a signaling and triggers apoptosis in breast cancer
Authors: Dey Goutam , Bharti Rashmi , Dhanarajan Gunaseelan , Das Subhasis , Dey Kaushik Kumar , Kumar B N Prashanth , Sen Ramkrishna , Mandal Mahitosh
Published: May 2015

Akt kinase is a critical component of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which is frequently over expressed in human cancers including breast. Therapeutic regimens for inhibiting breast cancer with aberrant Akt activity are essential. Here, we evaluated antitumor effect of a marine bacteria derived lipopeptide ‘Iturin A’ on human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo through disrupting Akt pathway. Proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells were significantly inhibited by Iturin A and it induced apoptosis as confirmed by increased Sub G1 populations, DNA fragmentation, morphological changes and western blot analysis. Furthermore, Iturin A inhibited EGF induced Akt phosphorylation (Ser473 and Thr308) and its downstream targets GSK3β and FoxO3a. Iturin A inactivated MAPK as well as Akt kinase leading to the translocation of FoxO3a to the nucleus. Gene silencing of Akt in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells reduced the sensitivity of cancer cells to Iturin A. Interestingly, overexpression of Akt with Akt plasmid in cancer cells caused highly susceptible to induce apoptosis by Iturin A treatment. In a xenograft model, Iturin A inhibited tumor growth with reduced expressions of Ki-67, CD-31, P-Akt, P-GSK3β, P-FoxO3a and P-MAPK. Collectively, these findings imply that Iturin A has potential anticancer effect on breast cancer.
Non-monotonic cellular responses to heterogeneity in talin protein expression-level
Authors: Kiss Alexa , Gong Xiaowei , Kowalewski Jacob M. , Shafqat-Abbasi Hamdah , Strömblad Staffan , Lock John G.
Published: May 2015

Correlative imaging in single-cells of both live migration and post-fixation talin-labeling revealed non-monotonic correspondences between cellular properties and talin expression-levels.
Mutated genes and driver pathways involved in myelodysplastic syndromes—a transcriptome sequencing based approach
Authors: Liu Liang , Wang Hongyan , Wen Jianguo , Tseng Chih-En , Zu Youli , Chang Chung-che , Zhou Xiaobo
Published: May 2015

Myelodysplastic syndromes are a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders of hematopoietic progenitors and have potentiality to progress into acute myelogenous leukemia.
An anionic conjugated polymer as a multi-action sensor for the sensitive detection of Cu2+ and PPi, real-time ALP assaying and cell imaging
Authors: Malik Akhtar H. , Hussain Sameer , Tanwar Arvin Sain , Layek Sourav , Trivedi Vishal , Iyer Parameswar K.
Published: May 2015

Anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte PFT exhibits multiple activities of Cu2+ sensing, PPi sensing (LOD of 2.26 ppb) in physiological environment, monitoring ALP activity and intracellular imaging in macrophages and cancer cells.
Trace element determination in leather samples using on-line internal standardization, ultrasonic nebulization and axial view-ICP OES
Authors: Scheffler Guilherme Luiz , Pozebon Dirce
Published: May 2015

A method to determine trace metals in leather samples using on-line internal standardization with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry is proposed.
Copper(i)-photocatalyzed trifluoromethylation of alkenes
Authors: Beniazza R. , Molton F. , Duboc C. , Tron A. , McClenaghan N. D. , Lastécouères D. , Vincent J.-M.
Published: May 2015

Using the photoreducible CuII precatalyst 2, trifluoromethylation of terminal alkenes can be conducted at low copper loading on exposing the reaction mixture to sunlight/ambient light.
A catalytic asymmetric carbonyl–ene reaction of β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters with 5-methyleneoxazolines
Authors: Luo Weiwei , Zhao Jiannan , Ji Jie , Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Mei Hongjiang , Feng Xiaoming
Published: May 2015

A catalytic asymmetric carbonyl–ene reaction of β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters with 5-methyleneoxazolines was accomplished. The process was based on the utilization of a chiral N,N′-dioxide/MgII catalyst, providing the desired products with excellent outcomes.
Lectin-gated, mesoporous, photofunctionalized glyconanoparticles for glutathione-responsive drug delivery
Authors: Zhou Juan , Hao Nanjing , De Zoyza Thareendra , Yan Mingdi , Ramström Olof
Published: May 2015

Stimuli-responsive, lectin-gated mesoporous glyconanoparticles have been developed as delivery vehicles for controlled drug release into cancer cells.
Intramolecular B/N frustrated Lewis pairs and the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide
Authors: Courtemanche Marc-André , Pulis Alexander P. , Rochette Étienne , Légaré Marc-André , Stephan Douglas W. , Fontaine Frédéric-Georges
Published: May 2015

The FLP species 1-BR2-2-NMe2-C6H4 (R = 2,4,6-Me3C6H21, 2,4,5-Me3C6H22) reacts H2/CO2 to give formyl, acetal and methoxy-derivatives.
“Half-sandwich” YbIII single-ion magnets with metallacrowns
Authors: Li Quan-Wen , Liu Jun-Liang , Jia Jian-Hua , Chen Yan-Cong , Liu Jiang , Wang Long-Fei , Tong Ming-Liang
Published: May 2015

Two “half-sandwich” YbIII-SIMs are presented bearing metallacrowns. The central ytterbium ion is coordinated by YbO8 geometry in D4d symmetry. The analysis of static, dynamic magnetism and emission spectrum offers an insight into the magneto-optical correlation.
Facile microwave-assisted synthesis and controllable architecture of three-dimensional nickel titanate
Authors: Nguyen-Phan Thuy-Duong , Huy Chinh Nguyen , Kim Chang-Koo , Shin Eun Woo
Published: May 2015

A rapid, facile, one-pot microwave-assisted polyol synthesis of novel hierarchical nickel titanate is first reported. The roles of medium dielectric and precursor counterion in the crystal growth and shape evolution are investigated.
The role of the shape resonance state in low energy electron induced single strand break in 2′-deoxycytidine-5′-monophosphate
Authors: Bhaskaran Renjith , Sarma Manabendra
Published: May 2015

Low energy electron (LEE) induced single strand break (SSB) has been studied for 2′-deoxycytidine-5′-monophosphate (5′-dCMPH) molecules in the gas phase by means of ab initio electronic structure methods and local complex potential based time-dependent wavepacket quantum mechanical calculations.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Cl-residual rutile TiO2 nanorods after targeted co-modification with phosphoric and boric acids
Authors: Wu Jing , Cui Haiqin , Zhang Xuliang , Luan Yunbo , Jing Liqiang
Published: May 2015

Targeted co-modification promotes the capture of electrons by adsorbed O2, leading to increased charge separation and enhanced photocatalytic activities.
The dendrimer paradox – high medical expectations but poor clinical translation
Authors: Svenson Sonke
Published: May 2015

This review was written with the intention to critically evaluate the status of dendrimers as drug carriers and find answers as to why this class of compounds has not translated into the clinic despite 40 years of research.
An engineered polypeptide around nano-sized manganese–calcium oxide: copying plants for water oxidation
Authors: Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi , Ghobadi Mohadeseh Zarei , Sarvi Bahram , Haghighi Behzad
Published: May 2015

Herein, we introduce a novel engineered polypeptide containing tyrosine around a nano-sized manganese–calcium oxide, which was shown to be a highly active catalyst toward water oxidation at low overpotential.
Synthesis of novel photofunctional multinuclear complexes using a coupling reaction
Authors: Yamazaki Yasuomi , Morimoto Tatsuki , Ishitani Osamu
Published: May 2015

Various photofunctional mononuclear complexes could be integrated into hetero-multinuclear complexes using the Mizoroki–Heck reaction.
New knowledge on the antiglycoxidative mechanism of chlorogenic acid
Authors: Fernandez-Gomez Beatriz , Ullate Monica , Picariello Gianluca , Ferranti Pasquale , Mesa Maria Dolores , del Castillo Maria Dolores
Published: May 2015

Binding of CGA to protein inhibits AGE formation and provides antioxidant properties.
Comparative study of granitic and sedimentary groundwater colloids by flow-field flow fractionation coupled with ICP-MS
Authors: Saito T. , Hamamoto T. , Mizuno T. , Iwatsuki T. , Tanaka S.
Published: May 2015

Size and composition of colloids in deep groundwater obtained from granitic and sedimentary formations were analyzed by flow-field flow fractionation combined with UV/Vis, fluorescence detectors and ICP-MS.
Fuzzy modeling reveals a dynamic self-sustaining network of the GLI transcription factors controlling important metabolic regulators in adult mouse hepatocytes
Authors: Schmidt-Heck Wolfgang , Matz-Soja Madlen , Aleithe Susanne , Marbach Eugenia , Guthke Reinhard , Gebhardt Rolf
Published: May 2015

The Hedgehog signalling-driven Gli transcription factors in hepatocytes form a regulatory network identified by a fuzzy-logic modelling approach. The network explains dynamic features important for hepatocyte function and fate.
Repeats are one of the main characteristics of RNA-binding proteins with prion-like domains
Authors: Galzitskaya Oxana V.
Published: May 2015

One can suggest that the repeats in prion-like domains of RNA-binding proteins assist in the rapid initiation of the process of assembly and formation of cross-β structures and such domains most likely should be disordered.
Elemental bioimaging of Cisplatin in Caenorhabditis elegans by LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Crone Barbara , Aschner Michael , Schwerdtle Tanja , Karst Uwe , Bornhorst Julia
Published: May 2015

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(ii) (Cisplatin) is one of the most important and frequently used cytostatic drugs for the treatment of various solid tumors. Herein, a laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) method incorporating a fast and simple sample preparation protocol was developed for the elemental mapping of Cisplatin in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The method allows imaging of the spatially-resolved elemental distribution of platinum in the whole organism with respect to the anatomic structure in L4 stage worms at a lateral resolution of 5 μm. In addition, a dose- and time-dependent Cisplatin uptake was corroborated quantitatively by a total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF) method, and the elemental mapping indicated that Cisplatin is located in the intestine and in the head of the worms. Better understanding of the distribution of Cisplatin in this well-established model organism will be instrumental in deciphering Cisplatin toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Since the cytostatic effect of Cisplatin is based on binding the DNA by forming intra- and interstrand crosslinks, the response of poly(ADP-ribose)metabolism enzyme 1 (pme-1) deletion mutants to Cisplatin was also examined. Loss of pme-1, which is the C. elegans ortholog of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) led to disturbed DNA damage response. With respect to survival and brood size, pme-1 deletion mutants were more sensitive to Cisplatin as compared to wildtype worms, while Cisplatin uptake was indistinguishable.
Crumpled graphene nanoreactors
Authors: Wang Zhongying , Lv Xiaoshu , Chen Yantao , Liu Dan , Xu Xinhua , Palmore G. Tayhas R. , Hurt Robert H.
Published: May 2015

Crumpling graphene around chemically reactive or catalytic particles can lead to “nanoreactor” systems with active internal cavities that can be exploited for the engineering of diverse chemical reaction systems.
Silver nanowire interactions with primary human alveolar type-II epithelial cell secretions: contrasting bioreactivity with human alveolar type-I and type-II epithelial cells
Authors: Sweeney Sinbad , Theodorou Ioannis G. , Zambianchi Marta , Chen Shu , Gow Andrew , Schwander Stephan , Zhang Junfeng (Jim) , Chung Kian Fan , Shaffer Milo S. P. , Ryan Mary P. , Porter Alexandra E. , Tetley Teresa D.
Published: May 2015

Lung alveolar secretions block Ag nanowire reactivity.
Palladium-catalyzed ortho-acyloxylation of N-nitrosoanilines via direct sp2 C–H bond activation
Authors: Li Dan-Dan , Cao Yi-Xuan , Wang Guan-Wu
Published: May 2015

The palladium-catalyzed N-nitroso-directed ortho-acyloxylation of N-nitrosoanilines has been demonstrated via sp2 C–H activation with PhI(OAc)2 as the oxidant and Ac2O/AcOH (1 : 1) or C2H5CO2H as the reaction medium.
meso-Tetraphenylporphyrin with a pi-system extended by fusion with anthraquinone
Authors: Filatov Mikhail A. , Heinrich Ernesta , Landfester Katharina , Baluschev Stanislav
Published: May 2015

Fusion of a porphyrin with anthraquinone through the synthesis of a suitably substituted pyrrole that can be cyclotetramerized and the optical properties of the resulting molecular system are described.
Novel hybrid photocatalytic reactor-UF nanocomposite membrane system for bilge water degradation and separation
Authors: Moslehyani A. , Ismail A. F. , Othman M. H. D. , Isloor Arun M.
Published: May 2015

Bilge water degradation and separation via a hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor based on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/halloysite nanotube clay (HNTs) nanocomposite membrane has been achieved by this study.
A comparative study on the electron transfer reaction (ETR) of surfactant cobalt(iii) complexes of aliphatic/aromatic ligands in micro heterogeneous media: a thermodynamic approach
Authors: Sugumar Kannan , Nagaraj Karuppiah , Murugan Krishnan Senthil , Thangamuniyandi Pilavadi , Sakthinathan Subramanian , Vijayakumar Pakkiri
Published: May 2015

The electron transfer reaction between different surfactant cobalt(iii) complex ions and Fe2+ ions in micelles as well as β-cyclodextrin was studied at different temperatures using a spectrophotometry method.
A high performance supercapacitor based on a ceria/graphene nanocomposite synthesized by a facile sonochemical method
Authors: Dezfuli Amin Shiralizadeh , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Naderi Hamid Reza , Norouzi Parviz
Published: May 2015

In this work, we have developed a novel nanocomposite material of ceria (CeO2)–reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by a sonochemical route for application as a symmetric supercapacitor.
Ionic liquid entrapment by an electrospun polymer nanofiber matrix as a high conductivity polymer electrolyte
Authors: Datta R. S. , Said S. M. , Shahrir S. R. , Abdullah Norbani , Sabri M. F. M. , Balamurugan S. , Miyazaki Y. , Hayashi K. , Hashim N. A. , Habiba Umma , Afifi Amalina M.
Published: May 2015

Through external doping, novel conductive polymer nanofibers were successfully fabricated using ionic liquids.
Sequential deposition as a route for efficient counter electrodes in quantum dot sensitized solar cells
Authors: Arabzade Shaghayegh , Samadpour Mahmoud , Taghavinia Nima
Published: May 2015

Sequentially deposited CuS and PbS layers on the FTO substrate as a counter electrode in quantum dot sensitized solar cells.
Thermoelectric anisotropy of n-type Bi2Te3−xSex prepared by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Li D. , Qin X. Y. , Zhang J. , Song C. J. , Liu Y. F. , Wang L. , Xin H. X. , Wang Z. M.
Published: May 2015

The anisotropy of the thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3−xSex (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) is investigated at temperatures from 300 to 523 K.
One-dimensional graphene nanoribbons hybridized with carbon nanotubes as cathode and anode interfacial layers for high performance solar cells
Authors: Zhang Yong , Liu Yawen , Chen Lie , Hu Xiaotian , Zhang Lin , Hu Lin , Chen Yiwang
Published: May 2015

Introducing GONR/CNTs into solution processed PSCs as an ETL and a HTL simultaneously delivers a high performance with long-term stability.
Multi-layered MoS2 phototransistors as high performance photovoltaic cells and self-powered photodetectors
Authors: Zhong Xuying , Zhou Weichang , Peng Yuehua , Zhou Yong , Zhou Fang , Yin Yanling , Tang Dongsheng
Published: May 2015

An optoelectronic diode based on a p–n junction is one of the most fundamental device building blocks with extensive applications.
Fabrication of divalent ion substituted hydroxyapatite/gelatin nanocomposite coating on electron beam treated titanium: mechanical, anticorrosive, antibacterial and bioactive evaluations
Authors: Karthika A. , Kavitha L. , Surendiran M. , Kannan S. , Gopi D.
Published: May 2015

The strontium, magnesium and zinc substituted hydroxyapatite/gelatin (M-HAP/Gel) nanocomposite coating on electron beam treated titanium will definitely be an effective implant material for better cell growth in orthopedic applications.
Microwave-assisted in situ synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/Mn3O4composites for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Huang Zidong , Li Yunyong , Chen Yiming , Wang Wenguang , Ye Yipeng , Deng Peng
Published: May 2015

Rationally designed reduced graphene oxide/Mn3O4(GM) was achieved and GM showed long-stability capacitance after 5000 cycles at 1 A g−1.
Growth of carbon composites by grafting on pregrown vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube arrays and their use in high power supercapacitors
Authors: Fan Xiujun , Zhou Haiqing , Guo Xia
Published: May 2015

Carbon composite materials consisting of OLCs and VA-GNRs which preserved of vertical structural integrity and alignment have been realized by atomic hydrogen treatment.
Covalent attachment of 3-(aminomethyl)pyridine to graphene oxide: a new stabilizer for the synthesis of a palladium thin film at the oil–water interface as an effective catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction
Authors: Hoseini S. Jafar , Khozestan Hedieh Ghanavat , Fath Roghayeh Hashemi
Published: May 2015

A toluene–water planar interface has been used as an ideal template for the self-assembly of a Pd/3-(aminomethyl) pyridine-reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid.
Highly activated Ag-doped Fe-based catalysts designed for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Zhang Yulan , Ma Longlong , Wang Tiejun , Li Xinjun
Published: May 2015

Ag-doped Fe-based microspheres were synthesized via a one-pot solvothermal method, and displayed excellent mechanical stability and catalytic activity.
Directed self-assembly of gold nanoparticles into plasmonic chains
Authors: Xi Chunxiao , Marina Paula Facal , Xia Haibing , Wang Dayang
Published: May 2015

This review is an overview of the current developments in directed self-assembly of metal nanoparticles with tailored plasmonic properties.
Defective by design: vanadium-substituted iron oxide nanoarchitectures as cation-insertion hosts for electrochemical charge storage
Authors: Chervin Christopher N. , Ko Jesse S. , Miller Bryan W. , Dudek Lisa , Mansour Azzam N. , Donakowski Martin D. , Brintlinger Todd , Gogotsi Pavel , Chattopadhyay Soma , Shibata Tomohiro , Parker Joseph F. , Hahn Benjamin P. , Rolison Debra R. , Long Jeffrey W.
Published: May 2015

Defective VFe2Ox aerogels are synthesized to maximize cation vacancies that increase Li+- and Na+-insertion capacity.
A novel method for the development of a carbon quantum dot/carbon nitride hybrid photocatalyst that responds to infrared light irradiation
Authors: Guo Yong , Yao Pinjiang , Zhu Dongqiang , Gu Cheng
Published: May 2015

A facile strategy has been developed to combine carbon quantum dots and a hydrophobic carbon nitride photocatalyst together to form an infrared-responsive photocatalyst. The photodegradation experiment has confirmed that the obtained material can effectively degrade methyl orange under infrared light irradiation.
Chitosan-g-oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) polymeric micelles: microwave-assisted synthesis and physicochemical and cytocompatibility characterization
Authors: Glisoni Romina J. , Quintana L Silvina S. , Molina María , Calderón Marcelo , Moglioni Albertina G. , Sosnik Alejandro
Published: May 2015

Mucoadhesive chitosan-g-oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) polymeric micelles were synthesized by a microwave-assisted technique and fully characterized in vitro.
A polyphosphoester-conjugated camptothecin prodrug with disulfide linkage for potent reduction-triggered drug delivery
Authors: Zhang Qingqing , He Jinlin , Zhang Mingzu , Ni Peihong
Published: May 2015

A reduction-cleavable polyphosphoester-camptothecin (CPT) prodrug tailored for enhancing drug loading content and triggering drug release has been prepared and applied in tumor chemotherapy.
Charge-tunable absorption behavior of DNA on graphene
Authors: Kong Zhe , Zheng Wei , Wang Qi , Wang Hongbo , Xi Fengna , Liang Lijun , Shen Jia-Wei
Published: May 2015

Charge-tunable absorption behavior of DNA on graphene: 0 is uncharged; − is negative charge; + is positive charge.
Dual mode emission of core–shell rare earth nanoparticles for fluorescence encoding
Authors: Chen Huan , Lang Yanbo , Zhang Yongling , Zhao Dan , Qin Guanshi , Wu Changfeng , Zheng Kezhi , Qin Weiping
Published: May 2015

We have synthesized water soluble dual mode emission (upconversion and downconversion) core–shell rare earth nanoprobes (∼30 nm) for fluorescence encoding.
Superparamagnetic property and high microwave absorption performance of FeAl@(Al, Fe)2O3 nanoparticles induced by surface oxidation
Authors: Liu Tong , Pang Yu , Kikuchi Hiroaki , Kamada Yasuhiro , Takahashi Seiki
Published: May 2015

FeAl@(Al, Fe)2O3 nanoparticles are prepared by the hydrogen plasma-metal reaction method and passivation process. The formation of an Fe-enriched zone offers these nanoparticles superparamagnetic property and high microwave absorption performance.
Enhanced photoconductivity of a polyoxometalate–TiO2 composite for gas sensing applications
Authors: Sun Zhixia , Zhang Yuzhuo , Li Na , Xu Lin , Wang Tianqi
Published: May 2015

The polyoxometalates and TiO2 composite displayed better photoconductivity and gas sensing performance for acetone than pristine TiO2.
Photo-reduction of metallic ions doped in patterned polymer films for the fabrication of plasmonic photonic crystals
Authors: Lin Yuanhai , Zhang Xinping , Bai Shi , Hu Anming
Published: May 2015

Plasmonic grating structures were achieved through photoreduction of silver ions doped in a patterned polymer film and subsequent annealing.
A heterospin pressure sensor
Authors: Maryunina Kseniya Yu. , Zhang Xiao , Nishihara Sadafumi , Inoue Katsuya , Morozov Vitaly A. , Romanenko Galina V. , Ovcharenko Victor I.
Published: May 2015

The spin transition temperature of the Cu(ii)-nitroxide complex was found to shift by approximately 100 K toward higher temperatures when the hydrostatic pressure increased to ∼0.04 GPa.
Synthesis of nitrogen-doped monolayer graphene with high transparent and n-type electrical properties
Authors: He Bing , Ren Zhongjie , Qi Chenze , Yan Shouke , Wang Zhaohui
Published: May 2015

A one-step approach is developed to synthesise a nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) membrane, which is derived from poly 4-vinyl pyridine (P4VP). High quality single layer N-doped graphene membrane with N content of 6.37% has been synthesized at 800 °C. Consequently, the electron mobility of the n-type FETs based on NG reaches as high as 365 cm2 V−1 s−1, much higher than those of NGs previously reported.
Effect of Nb and Ta substitution on donor electron transport and ultrafast carrier dynamics in anatase TiO2 thin films
Authors: Gopinadhan Kalon , Kumar Brijesh , Palina Natalie , Motapathula M. , Pallecchi I. , Sarkar T. P. , Zhihua Y. , Chen J. Q. , Annadi A. , Rana A. , Srivastava Amar , Marré D. , Chen Jingsheng , Ariando Ariando , Dhar S. , Rusydi A. , Venkatesan T.
Published: May 2015

Substitution of Ti with Nb or Ta in epitaxial thin films of anatase TiO2 induces large and small polarons.
Design of wideband absorbers using RLC screen
Authors: Kim Gunyoung , Lee Bomson
Published: May 2015

Design equations for wideband single‐layer absorbers based on the condition of zero slope reactance (or susceptance) at a specific centre frequency are presented. Using the design equations, a microwave absorber is realised employing a cross‐shaped strip structure as a unit on an FR‐4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.6 and height of 3.2 mm. At a design centre frequency of 10.93 GHz, the size of each unit is 9.6 × 9.6 × 3.2 mm and the overall size of the fabricated absorber is 336 × 336 × 3.2 mm. The EM‐simulated and measured absorptions are close to 100% at the design centre frequency and their 90% bandwidths are about 47% (the limit for the case of the layer with εr = 4.6). The absorption characteristics of the proposed absorber are shown to be almost unaffected by the polarisation angles of normally incident TEM waves.
Front‐to‐back ratio improvement of printed antennas based on electrically small resonators for microwave presence detectors
Authors: Aguilà P. , Zuffanelli S. , Zamora G. , Paredes F. , Martín F. , Bonache J.
Published: May 2015

The improvement of the front‐to‐back ratio (FBR) in low‐profile antennas to be used in presence detection devices is explored. The main idea is to use electrically small resonators as radiating elements. This minimises the electric currents in the boundary of the ground plane at the working frequency, thus reducing the backward radiation. The choice of the resonant particle and its electromagnetic properties, along with the antenna structure, are discussed. The simulated results indicate that there is good impedance matching (−18 dB) at the operating frequency (3 GHz) and an excellent FBR of 24 dB. These characteristics are validated experimentally and the FBR is compared with that of a conventional patch antenna.
Energy‐efficient illumination‐invariant change detection in DCT coefficient domain for vehicular black box camera
Authors: Kim Wook‐Hyung , Yi Kang , Kyung Chong‐Min
Published: May 2015

An energy‐efficient and highly accurate change detection method for a vehicular black box system by utilising information in a compressed domain is presented. Studies have shown that most automobiles spend a substantial percentage of time parked rather than driven. Thus, minimising energy consumption in a parked mode is crucial for vehicular black box systems design to prevent the battery being fully discharged. To meet a low energy requirement in parked mode, a hybrid video encoding engine with JPEG for parked and H.264 for driving mode is used. A change detection method is devised for parked mode using the JPEG encoder. The proposed change detection method detects events by utilising discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients that are readily available from the JPEG encoder at no extra computing cost. By using the ratio AC coefficients to a DC coefficient in each DCT block, illumination‐resistant change detection has been successfully achieved. The illumination‐invariant detection reduced the false positives while maintaining a very low false negative ratio. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves 25.6–24.2% lower energy consumption and 25.4–1.2% better accuracy in illumination‐varying circumstances compared with existing illumination‐independent change detection algorithms.