bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interviewing to Detect Deception
Authors: Vrij Aldert
Published: July 2014

DePaulo et al.’s (2003) meta-analysis of verbal and nonverbal cues to deception showed that cues to deception are faint and unreliable. If liars do not spontaneously display diagnostic cues to deceit, a logical step is to make sure that investigators elicit or enhance such cues in interviews through specific interview technique. Such interview techniques were scarce in the nonverbal and verbal cues to deception domain, but recently researchers have developed alternative protocols that have their roots in cognition and are based on the assumption that questions can be asked that are more difficult for liars to answer than for truth tellers. They will be discussed in the first part of this article. Traditionally, lie detection in a forensic context concentrated on police-suspect interview settings. However, in the wake of high-profile international terrorist attacks, the importance of identifying terrorist networks and gathering intelligence about the activities of such groups has become paramount. Deception detection in intelligence interviews differs in several ways from deception detection in traditional police-suspect interviews and requires innovative deception research. In the second part of this article we discuss the emerging literature in this domain.
Preventing Future Crimes
Authors: Granhag Pär Anders , Mac Giolla Erik
Published: July 2014

This review paper examines the growing body of research on the psycho-legal study of true and false intentions – a typically neglected area within the field of deception detection. The extant studies are thematically grouped into four main topics: (i) physiological measures; (ii) implicit measures; (iii) strategic interviewing; and (iv) studies examining episodic future thought (EFT) and mental images. The benefits and limitations, and underlying theory of the respective approaches are discussed. The paper also provides a note on relevant theory, specific for intention research, and recommendations for future research directions. Findings from experimental research are related to the applied context.
A Hierarchical Bayesian Model With Correlated Residuals for Investigating Stability and Change in Intensive Longitudinal Data Settings
Authors: Gasimova Fidan , Robitzsch Alexander , Wilhelm Oliver , Hülür Gizem
Published: July 2014

The present paper’s focus is the modeling of interindividual and intraindividual variability in longitudinal data. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian model with correlated residuals, employing an autoregressive parameter AR(1) for focusing on intraindividual variability. The hierarchical model possesses four individual random effects: intercept, slope, variability, and autocorrelation. The performance of the proposed Bayesian estimation is investigated in simulated longitudinal data with three different sample sizes (N = 100, 200, 500) and three different numbers of measurement points (T = 10, 20, 40). The initial simulation values are selected according to the results of the first 20 measurement occasions from a longitudinal study on working memory capacity in 9th graders. Within this simulation study, we investigate the root mean square error (RMSE), bias, relative percentage bias, and the 90% coverage probability of parameter estimates. Results indicate that more accurate estimates are associated with a larger sample size. One exception to this tendency is the autocorrelation parameter, which shows more sensitivity to an increasing number of time points.
Social cycling and conditional responses in the Rock-Paper-Scissors game
Authors: Wang Zhijian , Xu Bin , Zhou Hai-Jun
Published: July 2014

How humans make decisions in non-cooperative strategic interactions is a big question. For the fundamental Rock-Paper-Scissors (RPS) model game system, classic Nash equilibrium (NE) theory predicts that players randomize completely their action choices to avoid being exploited, while evolutionary game theory of bounded rationality in general predicts persistent cyclic motions, especially in finite populations. However as empirical studies have been relatively sparse, it is still a controversial issue as to which theoretical framework is more appropriate to describe decision-making of human subjects. Here we observe population-level persistent cyclic motions in a laboratory experiment of the discrete-time iterated RPS game under the traditional random pairwise-matching protocol. This collective behavior contradicts with the NE theory but is quantitatively explained, without any adjustable parameter, by a microscopic model of win-lose-tie conditional response. Theoretical calculations suggest that if all players adopt the same optimized conditional response strategy, their accumulated payoff will be much higher than the reference value of the NE mixed strategy. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of understanding human competition behaviors from the angle of non-equilibrium statistical physics.
A highly efficient thiazolylidene catalyzed acetoin formation: reaction, tolerance and catalyst recycling
Authors: Gu Liuqun , Lu Ting , Li Xiukai , Zhang Yugen
Published: July 2014

An efficient formation of acetoin from acetaldehyde was achieved under thiazolylidene catalysis and a new type of solid supported system.
C–H⋯H–C and C–H⋯π contacts aid transformation of dimeric to monomeric anthracene in the solid state
Authors: Nagarajan Kalaivanan , Rajagopal Shinaj K. , Hariharan Mahesh
Published: July 2014

C–H⋯H–C and C–H⋯π interaction assisted formation of thermodynamically stable blue emissive AP-I from kinetically stable green emissive AP-II of 1-(anthracen-9-yl)pyrene (AP).
Self-assembling small molecules for the detection of important analytes
Authors: Ren Chunhua , Zhang Jianwu , Chen Minsheng , Yang Zhimou
Published: July 2014

Self-assembling small molecules including those capable of forming hydrogels have been used to detect important analytes.
An experimental and modeling/simulation-based evaluation of the efficiency and operational performance characteristics of an integrated, membrane-free, neutral pH solar-driven water-splitting system
Authors: Jin Jian , Walczak Karl , Singh Meenesh R. , Karp Chris , Lewis Nathan S. , Xiang Chengxiang
Published: July 2014

An experimental and modeling based evaluation of a solar-hydrogen device that operates in electrolytes buffered at near-neutral pH.
Photosynthetic responses and accumulation of mesotrione in two freshwater algae
Authors: Ni Yan , Lai Jinhu , Wan Jinbao , Chen Lianshui
Published: July 2014

Photosynthetic responses and accumulation of mesotrione inMicrocystissp. andScenedesmus quadricaudawere investigated by PAM fluorometry, HPLC and SDAPCI-MS.
Towards the synthesis of glycosylated dihydrochalcone natural products using glycosyltransferase-catalysed cascade reactions
Authors: Gutmann Alexander , Bungaruang Linda , Weber Hansjoerg , Leypold Mario , Breinbauer Rolf , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: July 2014

Regioselective 2′-O- and 4′-O-β-d-glucosylation of dihydrochalcones was achieved through glycosyltransferase cascade reactions using glucosyl donor substrate supply from sucrose.
Oxidative rearrangements during fungal biosynthesis
Authors: Cox Russell
Published: July 2014

Oxidative rearrangements are key reactions during the biosyntheses of many secondary metabolites in fungi.
Photoluminescence, chemiluminescence and anodic electrochemiluminescence of hydrazide-modified graphene quantum dots
Authors: Dong Yongqiang , Dai Ruiping , Dong Tongqing , Chi Yuwu , Chen Guonan
Published: July 2014

Hydrazide group modified single-layer graphene quantum dots exhibit unique photoluminescence, chemiluminescence and anodic electrochemiluminescence properties.
Designing the nanobiointerface of fluorescent nanodiamonds: highly selective targeting of glioma cancer cells
Authors: Slegerova Jitka , Hajek Miroslav , Rehor Ivan , Sedlak Frantisek , Stursa Jan , Hruby Martin , Cigler Petr
Published: July 2014

Highly effective targeting and background-free, near-infrared imaging of glioma cells was achieved using new nanoparticles based on fluorescent nanodiamonds. The used polymer coating with attached cyclic RGD peptides ensured unusually selective targeting.
Beyond the use of modifiers in selective alkyne hydrogenation: silver and gold nanocatalysts in flow mode for sustainable alkene production
Authors: Vilé Gianvito , Pérez-Ramírez Javier
Published: July 2014

Supported silver and gold nanoparticles are highly stereo and chemoselective catalysts for the three-phase hydrogenation of alkynes in continuous mode.
Single Si nanowire (diameter ≤ 100 nm) based polarization sensitive near-infrared photodetector with ultra-high responsivity
Authors: Das K. , Mukherjee S. , Manna S. , Ray S. K. , Raychaudhuri A. K.
Published: July 2014

Single silicon nanowire-based MSM photodetectors show ultra high responsivity (>104 A W−1) in the near-infra-red region, even at zero bias. The observed photoresponse is sensitive to the polarization of the exciting light, allowing the device to act as a polarization-dependent photodetector.
Cisplatin-tethered gold nanospheres for multimodal chemo-radiotherapy of glioblastoma
Authors: Setua Sonali , Ouberai Myriam , Piccirillo Sara G. , Watts Colin , Welland Mark
Published: July 2014

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the most aggressive and challenging brain tumour to treat.
Photoredox catalytic organic reactions promoted with broadband visible light-absorbing Bodipy-iodo-aza-Bodipy triad photocatalyst
Authors: Guo Song , Tao Renjie , Zhao Jianzhang
Published: July 2014

Bodipy-diiodo aza-Bodipy triad showing broadband visible light-absorption was used as efficient photocatalyst for photoredox catalytic organic reactions.
s-Tetrazines functionalized with phenols: synthesis and physico-chemical properties
Authors: Jullien-Macchi Eva , Alain-Rizzo Valérie , Allain Clémence , Dumas-Verdes Cécile , Audebert Pierre
Published: July 2014

s-Tetrazines functionalized with phenols substituted by electron withdrawing or electron donating groups have been synthesized.
Rhodamine-based lysosome-targeted fluorescence probes: high pH sensitivity and their imaging application in living cells
Authors: Yu Kang-Kang , Li Kun , Hou Ji-Ting , Qin Hui-Huan , Xie Yong-Mei , Qian Chen-Hui , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: July 2014

Two rhodamine-based pH probes were synthesized via the click reaction. Cell imaging experiments demonstrated RhPA was a good lysosome targeting probe in living cells with low cytotoxicity and excellent photostability.
Glass-like thermal conductivity in SrTiO3 thermoelectrics induced by A-site vacancies
Authors: Popuri S. R. , Scott A. J. M. , Downie R. A. , Hall M. A. , Suard E. , Decourt R. , Pollet M. , Bos J.-W. G.
Published: July 2014

Vacancies on the perovskite A-site have been used to induce a glass-like thermal conductivity in crystalline SrTiO3.
Influences of film thickness and fabrication method on the surface structure and mineralization-templating of silk fibroin
Authors: Hao Wei , Porter David , Shao Zhengzhong
Published: July 2014

The mineralization templating of Bombyx mori silkworm silk fibroin film on calcium carbonate is found to depend on the β-structure of the surface.
Can adding oil control domain formation in binary amphiphile bilayers?
Authors: Greenall Martin J. , Marques Carlos M.
Published: July 2014

The addition of oil to a mixed membrane is predicted to smooth the interface between the domains and could control phase separation.
Evidence of random copolymer adsorption at fluctuating selective interfaces from Monte-Carlo simulation studies
Authors: Gazuz Igor , Sommer Jens-Uwe
Published: July 2014

Adsorbed state of random copolymers at fluctuating selective interfaces reduces the interface tension and is thermodynamically stable.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for high capacity adsorptive desulfurization
Authors: Palomino Jessica M. , Tran Dat T. , Hauser Jesse L. , Dong Hong , Oliver Scott R. J.
Published: July 2014

Silver-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles were applied for the first time to the desulfurization of JP-8 fuel with record breaking performance.
Error cost function for mirror‐based three‐dimensional reconstruction
Authors: Chang Wonil , Cho Keeseong , Ryu Won , Lee Soo‐Young
Published: July 2014

A novel error cost function for the three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction system that uses a single fixed camera and a freely moving planar mirror is presented. Multiple mirror poses and the location of the observed points are simultaneously corrected by iterations considering the geometric constraint among the multiple mirror‐reflections. A numerical simulation demonstrates the high accuracy of the proposed method against the large initial error.
Effects of fin width on high‐κ/metal gate bulk FinFET devices
Authors: Chen Chien‐Hung , Fang Ying‐Chien , Chu Sheng‐Yuan
Published: July 2014

The effects of silicon fin width on the electrostatic characteristics of high‐κ/metal gate bulk fin field‐effect transistor (FinFET) devices are investigated. Six devices with different layout fin widths and lengths are designed and fabricated. A technology computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulation model with the proposed devices simplified as an equivalent circuit with three components (Cox, Cs and Rs) indicates that for a given layout area, a narrower fin width leads to a worse flat band voltage shift and larger variation of gate capacitance due to increased substrate resistance.
Identification of local gate leakage with electroluminescence using AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Narita T. , Fujimoto Y. , Wakejima A. , Egawa T.
Published: July 2014

An application for a transparent gate electrode with surface‐side electroluminescence (EL) observation is proposed for identification of the gate leakage path in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. This technique enables surface‐side EL observation throughout the gate electrode, so that the substrate material is unrestricted. Through the transparent gate, a non‐uniformly located spot‐shape EL was clearly observed. By comparing devices with different leakage currents using EL intensity, the location marked by the spot‐shape EL is found and demonstrates a dominant leakage path.
Highly efficient wireless power transfer using metamaterial slab with zero refractive property
Authors: Kim Hyoungjun , Seo Chulhun
Published: July 2014

A highly efficient wireless power transfer using a metamaterial slab with a zero refractive property is proposed. The proposed metamaterial slab consists of a spiral structure, a lumped element and a via through the ground. A prototype of a wireless power transfer system and a metamaterial slab was designed and fabricated. Experiment results prove the transfer efficiency improvement with the proposed metamaterial slab. The power transfer efficiency is improved by reducing the radiation loss through focusing the magnetic field. The power transfer efficiency is above 45% at a distance of 100–150 mm, and the resonant frequency is 6.78 MHz. The sizes of the transmitting coil and the metamaterial slab are 140 × 210 mm and 50 × 70 mm, respectively.
Low‐power programmable high‐gain time difference amplifier with regeneration time control
Authors: Heo Minuk , Kwon Daehyeon , Lee Minjae
Published: July 2014

A gain controllable SR‐latch‐based time difference amplifier (TDA) with a gain of up to 150 by controlling the regeneration time constant, especially with programmable transconductance (gm), is presented. The presented gm control uses resistor degeneration at the input switches so that the effective gm is reduced, whereas the time difference gain increases. Unavoidable large crowbar current from the slow regeneration is avoided by shifting to the fast regeneration mode after regeneration is completed, which effectively reduces current consumption by 29.3%.
Ultra‐low‐power quadrature VCO for 2.4 GHz‐band IEEE 802.15.4 standard
Authors: Jalalifar M. , Byun G.‐S.
Published: July 2014

A fully integrated quadrature voltage‐controlled oscillator (QVCO) for IEEE 802.15.4 transceivers is presented. The QVCO supports the 2.4 GHz unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. The proposed QVCO generates 2.25–2.9 GHz covering 2.4 GHz transceivers. Quadrature coupling between the VCO cores is achieved using common source transistors which have their drains directly connected to the supply voltage. By using this structure, the effect of 1/f noise up‐conversion in the phase‐noise performance could be reduced. The QVCO achieves a measured phase noise of −116.74 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with a centre frequency of 2.5 GHz. The proposed QVCO consumes 0.55 mW from a 0.45 V supply voltage and is implemented in a standard 0.13 μm CMOS process with a core area of 0.315 mm2.
Monolithic InP‐based coherent transmitter photonic integrated circuit with 2.25 Tbit/s capacity
Authors: Summers J. , Vallaitis T. , Evans P. , Ziari M. , Studenkov P. , Fisher M. , Sena J. , James A. , Corzine S. , Pavinski D. , Ou‐Yang J. , Missey M. , Gold D. , Williams W. , Lai M. , Welch D. , Kish F.
Published: July 2014

A monolithic dual‐polarisation quadrature phase shift keying transmitter is demonstrated for operation at 2.25 Tbit/s over 40 wavelengths and 1 THz of spectral bandwidth. The single‐chip InP‐based transmitter employs 40 tunable distributed feedback lasers, 80 nested Mach‐Zehnder modulators and other elements to provide more than 1700 integrated photonic functions.
Iterative data detection and channel estimation for space‐time block coded continuous phase modulation over flat fading channels
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Abeysekera Saman S.
Published: July 2014

The problem of iterative data detection and channel estimation for space‐time block coded continuous phase modulation (CPM) signals over quasi‐static flat fading channels is studied in this study. Firstly, the combination of space‐time block code with CPM is not as straightforward as with linear modulation schemes, because of the requirement of phase continuity and the associated inherent memory of CPM. Therefore a novel block construction method is proposed to insert a tail sequence into each block for ensuring the phase continuity. Secondly, at the receiver the expectation–maximisation algorithm is applied to channel estimation and the estimated channel information is used to evaluate a posteriori probability for data detection. The channel estimation and data detection work iteratively. Simulation results show that the spectral efficiency of transmission is improved by the proposed block construction method and that the proposed iterative receiver outperforms its non‐iterative counterpart significantly.
Specific emitter identification based on Hilbert–Huang transform‐based time–frequency–energy distribution features
Authors: Yuan Yingjun , Huang Zhitao , Wu Hao , Wang Xiang
Published: July 2014

A novel specific emitter identification method based on transient communication signal's time–frequency–energy distribution obtained by Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) is proposed. The transient starting point is detected using the phase‐based method and the transient endpoint is detected using a self‐adaptive threshold based on the HHT‐based energy trajectory. Thirteen features that represent both overall and subtle transient characteristics are proposed to form a radio frequency (RF) fingerprint. The principal component analysis method is used to reduce the dimension of the feature vector and a support vector machine is used for classification. A signal acquisition system is designed to capture the signals from eight mobile phones to test the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that the method is effective and the proposed RF fingerprint can represent more subtle characteristics than the RF fingerprints based on instantaneous amplitude, phase, frequency and energy envelope. This method can be equally applicable for any wireless emitter to enhance the security of the wireless networks.
Development of discrete Fourier transform‐based channel estimation algorithms for a coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission system
Authors: Bai Cheng‐Lin , Zhang Shuai , Bai Shun‐Chang , Luo Qing‐long
Published: July 2014

In this study, the authors presented discrete Fourier transform (DFT)‐based channel estimation algorithms for a coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO‐OFDM) transmission system. Influence of the proposed algorithms to the performance and computational complexity of the CO‐OFDM system was analysed and compared with other published algorithms. Their simulation results demonstrated that the improved DFT‐based channel estimation algorithms are significantly efficient in our experimental conditions. Those algorithms can be considered as efficiently compromised systems in balance out the outcome of performance and the requirement on computational complexity. Such relatively economic and practical approaches have provided an optimistic prospect in studies of transmission systems for future optical communications.
Vector orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system over fast fading channels
Authors: Zhou Wen , Fan Lisheng , Chen Hongbin
Published: July 2014

The performance of the vector orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (V‐OFDM) system over fast fading channels is investigated. The channel is time varying within one V‐OFDM data‐block period, which causes the inter‐carrier interference (ICI). With the help of an equivalent V‐OFDM system model and an auxiliary transform matrix, a novel mathematical expression for the received signal with the ICI signal is derived, which clearly expresses how the signal of a target vector block (VB) is interfered by other VBs. The ICI signal is analysed and two theorems about its property are proposed. The first theorem presents the expression of the power of the ICI signal, showing that the ICI signal power increases with the VB number. The other one indicates that ICI signals at different subcarriers are not correlated. With the two theorems, a novel detection method utilising the correlation of the ICI signal is therefore proposed. Numerical results verify the validity of the derived theorems and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection can suppress the ICI effect and it is superior to the conventional MMSE detection in terms of both detection mean square error and bit error rate performance.
New results on state bounding for discrete‐time systems with interval time‐varying delay and bounded disturbance inputs
Authors: Van Hien Le , An Nguyen Thanh , Trinh Hieu
Published: July 2014

This study considers the problem of state bounding for a class of discrete‐time systems with interval time‐varying delay and bounded disturbance inputs. By using an improved Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional combining with the delay‐decomposition technique and the reciprocally convex approach, the authors first derive new delay‐dependent conditions in terms of matrix inequalities to guarantee the existence of a ball such that, for any initial condition, the state trajectory of the system is either bounded within that ball or converges exponentially within it. On the basis of these new conditions, the authors then derive an improved ellipsoid reachable set bounding and a new result on exponential stability of discrete‐time systems with interval time‐varying delay. Numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the obtained results and improvement over existing results.
Consensus tracking of linear multi‐agent systems under a networked detectability condition with reduced‐order protocols
Authors: Diao Miao , Duan Zhisheng , Wen Guanghui
Published: July 2014

This study addresses the consensus tracking problem of linear multi‐agent systems under a networked detectability condition with reduced‐order protocols. The communication subgraph among followers is undirected and connected. It is assumed that only partial relative state information of the leader can be obtained by each follower. The networked detectability condition only requires that the leader is jointly detectable to all followers, without any detectability requirement on an individual follower. Under the assumption that the system is neurally stable, distributed observer‐type consensus protocols are constructed for both continuous‐ and discrete‐time linear multi‐agent systems. By using tools from matrix theory and linear system analysis, some sufficient conditions are derived to reach consensus tracking. One favourable feature of this study is that the traditional detectability condition for an individual system is extended to the networked case and in contrast to the relevant available results, reduced‐order observers are presented to reduce information redundancy. Simulation examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
Robust H∞ static output control of discrete Markov jump linear systems with norm bounded uncertainties
Authors: Shen Mouquan , Ye Dan , Fei Shuimin
Published: July 2014

This study is concerned with the robust H∞ static output feedback control of discrete Markov jumps systems with norm bounded uncertainties on system input and output matrices. With resorting to a new separating technique, the coupling relationship among Lyapunov variables, controller gains, input and output matrices is eliminated. Based on this new technique, sufficient conditions are developed to guarantee that the closed loop system is robust stochastically stable with the prescribed H∞ performance level. Moreover, these conditions are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is further given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Adaptive robust control of bilateral teleoperation systems with unmeasurable environmental force and arbitrary time delays
Authors: Chen Zheng , Pan Ya‐Jun , Gu Jason
Published: July 2014

Bilateral teleoperation technology has caused wide attentions because of its applications in various remote operation systems. However, there exist some challenging control issues such as communication delay, unmeasurable environmental force, and various manipulator modelling uncertainties. In this study, the disturbance observer is designed based on the slave manipulator dynamics to observe the unmeasurable environmental force. When the environmental force is modelled as a general linear regression form, its unknown parameters can be estimated online by the least square adaptation law. A novel communication structure is proposed where only the master trajectory is transmitted to the slave side, and the transmission signal from the slave to the master is replaced by those estimated environmental parameters. Since these parameters are not power signals, the passivity problem of the communication channel and the trade‐off limitation between the transparency performance and robust stability in traditional teleoperation control are essentially avoided. The sliding mode control and the force compensation of disturbance observer are integrated subsequently to deal with various manipulator modelling uncertainties, so that the excellent synchronisation performance can be realised. Thus, the proposed control algorithm can guarantee the robust stability and the good control performance simultaneously under arbitrary time delays. The simulation and experiment on two single degree‐of‐freedom manipulators are carried out and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Analysis of planar‐motion segmentation using affine fundamental matrix
Authors: Basah Shafriza Nisha , Bab‐Hadiashar Alireza , Hoseinnezhad Reza
Published: July 2014

Various computer‐vision applications involve estimation of multiple motions from images of dynamic scenes. The exact nature of 3D‐object motions and the camera parameters are often not known a priori and therefore, the most general motion model (fundamental matrix) is applied. Although the estimation of fundamental matrix and its use for motion segmentation are established, the conditions for segmentation of different types of motions are largely unaddressed. In this study, we analysed the feasibility of motion segmentation using affine‐fundamental matrix, focusing on a scene includes multiple planar‐motions, viewed by an uncalibrated camera. We show that the successful segmentation of planar motion depends on several scene and motion parameters. Conditions to guarantee successful segmentation are proposed via extensive experiments using synthetic images. Experiments using real‐image data were set up to examine the relevance of those conditions to the scenarios in real applications. The experimental results demonstrate the capability of the proposed conditions to correctly predict the outcome of several segmentation scenarios and show the relevance of those conditions in real applications. In practice, the success of motion segmentation could be predicted from obtainable scene and motion parameters. Therefore these conditions serve as a guideline for practitioners in designing motion‐segmentation solutions.
Inverse texture synthesis in wavelet packet trees
Authors: Hsin Hsi‐Chin , Sung Tze‐Yun
Published: July 2014

Inverse texture synthesis (ITS) plays an important role in many computer vision applications. It aims at generating small compaction images to capture significant features of textures, from which arbitrarily large images with similar textures can be re‐synthesised. This study presents a fast approach to ITS with two algorithms developed in hierarchical wavelet packet (WP) trees: the modified inverse texture synthesis (MITS) algorithm, which extends the ITS algorithm into the WP domain, and the wavelet‐packet‐tree‐based cropping (WPTC) algorithm for the initialisation of MITS. Experimental results show that the combination of WPTC and MITS termed the image compaction in wavelet packet trees algorithm outperforms the ITS algorithm in terms of the ‘peak signal‐to‐noise ratio’ and computation time.
A robust two‐stage face recognition system with localisation error compensation
Authors: Su Ching‐Yao , Yang Jar‐Ferr
Published: July 2014

In practical systems, face recognition under unconstrained conditions is a very challenging task, where their input images are first pre‐processed and initially aligned by a face detection algorithm. However, there are still some residual localisation errors after the initial alignment. If we do not take these errors into account, the recognition performance should be greatly degraded for most face recognition algorithms. Generally, when designing a practical face recognition system, we need to compromise the capability of residual error tolerance and the discriminating capability. Although it is feasible to apply an iterative alignment algorithm to fine‐tune alignment, it will increase the computation load significantly. In this study, we propose an adaptive two‐stage face recognition system consisting of two block‐based recognition stages with a relatively larger cell size (i.e. the size of local regions) in the first stage to provide sufficient tolerance for geometric errors followed by a smaller one in the second stage to accurately evaluate a most probable candidate subset, which is adaptively determined according to the proposed confidence measure. In addition, an iterative gradient‐based alignment algorithm is incorporated into the two‐stage system to refine the alignment such that the recognition performance can be improved and the computation load can be saved simultaneously.
Face recognition based on perceived facial images and multilayer perceptron neural network using constructive training algorithm
Authors: Boughrara Hayet , Chtourou Mohamed , Ben Amar Chokri , Chen Liming
Published: July 2014

This study presents a modified constructive training algorithm for multilayer perceptron (MLP) which is applied to face recognition problem. An incremental training procedure has been employed where the training patterns are learned incrementally. This algorithm starts with a small number of training patterns and a single hidden‐layer using an initial number of neurons. During the training, the hidden neurons number is increased when the mean square error (MSE) threshold of the training data (TD) is not reduced to a predefined value. Input patterns are trained incrementally until all patterns of TD are learned. The aim of this algorithm is to determine the adequate initial number of hidden neurons, the suitable number of training patterns in the subsets of each class and the number of iterations during the training step as well as the MSE threshold value. The proposed algorithm is applied in the classification stage in face recognition system. For the feature extraction stage, this paper proposes to use a biological vision‐based facial description, namely perceived facial images, applied to extract features from human face images. Gabor features and Zernike moment have been used in order to determine the best feature extractor. The proposed approach is tested on the Cohn‐Kanade Facial Expression Database. Experimental results indicate that a good architecture of neural network classifier can be obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed method compared with the fixed MLP architecture has been proved.
Robust fault location of transmission lines by synchronised and unsynchronised wide‐area current measurements
Authors: Salehi‐Dobakhshari Ahmad , Ranjbar Ali Mohammad
Published: July 2014

This study presents a novel method for fault location of transmission lines by multiple fault current measurements. In contrast to conventional methods, it is proposed to utilise several current measurements, which may be far from the faulted line. The circuit equations of the network are used to express each fault current as a function of fault location. Fault location is then estimated using a least‐squares estimation technique. To achieve a robust estimation of fault location, statistical hypotheses‐testing is employed for identifying erroneous measurements. The method is applicable to both synchronised and unsynchronised measurements. Moreover, fault location can be estimated regardless of fault type and fault resistance. Furthermore, the method considers the distributed parameter model of transmission line and therefore the results are highly accurate. Electromagnetic transient simulations for the western systems coordinating council 9‐bus and a 22‐bus test system reveal accurate wide‐area fault location as well as successful removal of erroneous measurements.
Static synchronous compensator‐variable frequency drive for voltage and frequency control of small‐hydro driven self‐excited induction generators system
Authors: Singh Bhim , Murthy Shikaripur Srinivasa , Chilipi Rajasekhara Reddy , Madishetti Sandeep , Bhuvaneswari Gurumoorthy
Published: July 2014

In this study, a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) along with a variable frequency drive (VFD), is proposed for voltage and frequency control of a small‐hydro turbine driven self‐excited induction generator (SEIG) system. STATCOM is used to control SEIG terminal voltage through variable reactive power injection. A control algorithm based on adaptive noise cancellation filter is proposed for STATCOM control. A field oriented controlled VFD feeding an induction motor is used to control system frequency. The VFD consumes active power in excess of consumer loads and thereby it regulates the system frequency. The excess power consumed by the VFD is utilised for pumping water to either an overhead storage tank or irrigation purposes. Besides the voltage control as primary objective, the STATCOM also provides harmonic currents compensation and load balancing under unbalanced non‐linear loads. The proposed method of voltage and frequency control using STATCOM‐VFD combination is implemented on a 3.7 kW SEIG and the test results are presented to demonstrate its performance.
Reduction and modelling method of large‐scale alternating current/direct current power systems for electromagnetic transient simulation
Authors: Dong Huanfeng , Weng Hua , Han Feng , Li Hui , Xu Feng , Liu Sheng , Xu Zheng
Published: July 2014

This study presents a systematic method which enables large‐scale alternating current (AC)/direct current (DC) power systems to be modelled in the electromagnetic transient (EMT) domain. A physical equivalence based dynamic reduction technique is first proposed to reduce the AC/DC system, which retains the backbone network and important components such as high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) links, whereas the low‐voltage networks connected to the backbone network are reduced to simple networks composed of physical components. The reduction technique is based on the preservation of the support strength of the generators within the low‐voltage networks to the backbone network (i.e. the short‐circuit current contribution level), the power flows within the backbone network and the total generating output. Then, a technique to construct the EMT model of the reduced AC/DC systems is developed based on the data in the transient stability program format. The validity of the proposed method is verified with the case of South China power grid, which includes a multi‐infeed HVDC system.
Hybrid differential evolution particle swarm optimisation optimised fuzzy proportional–integral derivative controller for automatic generation control of interconnected power system
Authors: Sahu Binod Kumar , Pati Swagat , Panda Sidhartha
Published: July 2014

A novel fuzzy proportional–integral derivative (PID) controller is proposed in this study for automatic generation control (AGC) of interconnected power systems. The optimum gains of the proposed fuzzy PID controller are optimised employing a hybrid differential evolution particle swarm optimisation (DEPSO) technique using an integral of time multiplied by absolute value of error criterion. The superiority of hybrid DEPSO algorithm over differential evolution and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm has also been demonstrated. The results are also compared with some recently published approaches such as artificial bee colony and PSO based proportional–integral/PID controllers for the same interconnected power systems. Furthermore, performance of the proposed system is analysed by varying the different parameters such as loading condition, system parameters and objective functions. It is observed that the optimum gains of the proposed fuzzy PID controller need not be reset even if the system is subjected to variation in loading condition and system parameters. Finally, the study is extended to a three area system considering generation rate constraint to demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to cope with multiple interconnected systems. Comparison with previous AGC methods reported in the literature validates the significance of the proposed approach.
High‐speed relaying scheme for protection of transmission lines in the presence of thyristor‐controlled series capacitor
Authors: Hashemi Sayyed Mohammad , Hagh Mehrdad Tarafdar , Seyedi Heresh
Published: July 2014

This study presents a new protective scheme for transmission lines which are compensated by thyristor‐controlled series capacitor (TCSC). Employing the averages of voltage and current, a new criterion is introduced to discriminate between the forward and reverse faults. The validity of introduced criterion is tested for the inductive and capacitive modes of TCSC. During normal conditions, the averages of voltage and current are almost zero. While, following a short‐circuit fault, they change from zero to non‐zero values. The concept of fault superimposed components is used to extract the mathematical equations of the proposed scheme. Various case studies are considered to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. Computer and experimental simulations approve the efficiency of proposed method in high‐speed protection of TCSC‐compensated transmission lines.
Directional relays without voltage sensors for distribution networks
Authors: Le Trung Dung , Petit Marc
Published: July 2014

In this study, algorithms for directional relays using only current measurements are presented. Developed for radial distribution networks, these algorithms will determine fault direction based on ratios between variations of sequence currents during and before faults: ΔI2/ΔI0 ratio for line‐to‐ground faults and the ΔI2/ΔI1 ratio for line‐to‐line faults. The ratios are used as input of a support vector machine classifier, which was trained beforehand thanks to simulation tools. The classifier classifies ratios into two categories, according to the fault location: upstream or downstream towards the relay. Test results from simulations show good performances of the algorithms in most cases, with the presence of different distributed generation technologies. Moreover, impact of certain factors on algorithms, such as measurement errors, high‐impedance faults or network reconfiguration, is studied. Finally, the implementation of algorithms is also discussed.
Different lighting processing and feature extraction methods for efficient face recognition
Authors: Liang Jiuzhen , Wang Mei , Chai Zhilei , Wu Qin
Published: July 2014

This study studies different lighting processing and feature extraction methods for efficient face recognition. The purpose is to find some robust face recognition methods by combining different feature extraction methods with illumination compensation. In this study, some typical illumination preprocessing approaches are reviewed including wavelet transformation, self‐quotient image, Retinex, smoothing, discrete cosine transform normalisation in logarithm domain, homomorphic filter and local contrast enhancement. As the main contribution, this study proposes two efficient feature extraction methods for face recognition. One is an adaptive feature extraction (AFE) based on curvelet transform. The other is a feature extraction technique named two‐dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) non‐parametric analysis of 2D subspace (2DPCA + 2DNSA). Two groups of experiments are designed to verify the proposed methods. The first group of experimental results show that the proposed AFE methods have better performance than conventional methods. In the second group of experiments, each feature extraction method is combined with nine different lighting processing methods. The results show that the proposed 2DPCA + 2DNSA method is more robust to lighting processing than other methods. Experimental results also show that lighting processing contribution to face recognition are quite different for different face databases.
Inversion attack resilient zero‐watermarking scheme for medical image authentication
Authors: Vellaisamy Seenivasagam , Ramesh Velumani
Published: July 2014

Medical images are watermarked with patient data to enforce patient authentication and identification in radiology practices. In addition to common threats such as signal processing and geometric attacks, medical image watermarking systems are susceptible to a new class of threats called ‘inversion attack’, leading to ambiguities in establishing rightful ownership. This study presents an ‘inversion attack’ resilient zero‐watermarking system, in the hybrid Contourlet transform – singular value decomposition domain for medical image authentication. This scheme preserves the fidelity of the host image without introducing any artefacts and employs triangular number generating function and Hu's image invariants to confront ‘inversion attacks’. The performance of the system is evaluated with medical images of different modalities and a quick response code watermark that contains patient data. The experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the system against ‘ambiguity attacks’ and signify its appropriateness for secured medical image exchange between remote radiologists.
Proposal for a local electricity‐sharing system: a case study of Yokohama city, Japan
Authors: Yamagata Yoshiki , Seya Hajime
Published: July 2014

Here, the authors propose the concept of a local electricity‐sharing system as a complement or alternative to a feed‐in tariff to achieve CO2 ‐neutral transportation in cities. In the authors’ proposed system, electricity generated from widely introduced solar photovoltaic panels (PVs) is stored in the cars ‘not in use’ in a city. In Japan, almost half of the cars in the central Tokyo metropolitan area are used only on weekends and thus are kept parked during weekdays. These cars represent a huge new potential storage depot if they were replaced by electric vehicles (EVs), that is, they could be used as storage batteries in a vehicle‐to‐grid system. Using an agent‐based transportation simulator (MATSim), the authors modelled the effects of a large‐scale introduction of EVs and PVs on the hourly regional power demand–supply for Yokohama city, Japan. The results of our simulation suggest that CO2 ‐neutral EV trips can be achieved only during periods with current average solar irradiance.
Required range of electric vehicles – an analysis of longitudinal mobility data
Authors: Stark Juliane , Link Christoph , Simic Dragan , Bäuml Thomas
Published: July 2014

Conventional cars allow their users to decide about a journey's modalities largely independent. Electric vehicles (EVs) also must ensure this to be a real substitute from the user's point of view. This study focuses on range as a crucial technical feature of EVs. Many of the existing studies underestimate range requirements, as they are based on (i) one‐day analyses and on (ii) mean values of daily trip distances. These data are not appropriate to answer questions on user needs; longitudinal mobility data are more suitable. This study analyses both, existing mobility data and new recorded global positioning system (GPS) data with regard to range requirements. Particularly, it was analysed whether or not identified daily driving cycles can be fulfilled with EVs assuming different charging opportunities. The analysis shows that GPS‐recorded driving cycles of 80% of small‐scale vehicles, 67% of midsized vehicles and 40% of sport utility vehicles can be realised with EVs.
Appearance‐based approach to hybrid metric‐topological simultaneous localisation and mapping
Authors: Fernández Lorenzo , Payá Luis , Reinoso Oscar , Jimenez Luis Miguel
Published: July 2014

In this study a unified framework to carry out the simultaneous localisation and mapping of a mobile robot combining metric and topological techniques is presented. The robot moves in a real indoor environment and the algorithm makes use of the information provided by an omnidirectional camera mounted on the robot and its internal odometry. The hybrid approach consists in constructing simultaneously two maps of the environment, one metric and other topological with relationships between them which are updated in each step. The robot goes through the environment to build up a map while continuously captures images. To build the topological map the most relevant information from the scenes is extracted using a global appearance descriptor. A new node is added to the map when the appearance between two images is sufficiently different. Also, the authors check if there is a loop closure with a previous node. At the same time, a metrical map of the environment is computed. With this aim, the authors estimate the position of the robot when it captures a new image using a Monte–Carlo algorithm. The authors show how it is possible to obtain a reasonable performance both in time and accuracy in an indoor environment, when the involved parameters are properly tuned.