bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measures of empathy and compassion: A scoping review
Authors: Vieten Cassandra , Rubanovich Caryn Kseniya , Khatib Lora , Sprengel Meredith , Tanega Chloé , Polizzi Craig , Vahidi Pantea , Malaktaris Anne , Chu Gage , Lang Ariel J. , Tai-Seale Ming , Eyler Lisa , Bloss Cinnamon
Published: January 2024

Evidence to date indicates that compassion and empathy are health-enhancing qualities. Research points to interventions and practices involving compassion and empathy being beneficial, as well as being salient outcomes of contemplative practices such as mindfulness. Advancing the science of compassion and empathy requires that we select measures best suited to evaluating effectiveness of training and answering research questions. The objective of this scoping review was to 1) determine what instruments are currently available for measuring empathy and compassion, 2) assess how and to what extent they have been validated, and 3) provide an online tool to assist researchers and program evaluators in selecting appropriate measures for their settings and populations. A scoping review and broad evidence map were employed to systematically search and present an overview of the large and diverse body of literature pertaining to measuring compassion and empathy. A search string yielded 19,446 articles, and screening resulted in 559 measure development or validation articles reporting on 503 measures focusing on or containing subscales designed to measure empathy and/or compassion. For each measure, we identified the type of measure, construct being measured, in what context or population it was validated, response set, sample items, and how many different types of psychometrics had been assessed for that measure. We provide tables summarizing these data, as well as an open-source online interactive data visualization allowing viewers to search for measures of empathy and compassion, review their basic qualities, and access original citations containing more detail. Finally, we provide a rubric to help readers determine which measure(s) might best fit their context.
Road extraction through Yangwang-1 nighttime light data: A case study in Wenzhou, China
Authors: Zhu Anfeng , Hao Jun , Gang Xu , Zhang Hao , Long Xiaoyu , Wang Luyao
Published: January 2024

The extraction of roadways from remote sensing imagery constitutes a pivotal task, with far-reaching implications across diverse domains such as urban planning, management of transportation systems, emergency response initiatives, and environmental monitoring endeavors. Satellite images captured during daytime have customarily served as the primary resource for this extraction process. However, the emergence of Nighttime Light (NTL) remote sensing data introduces an innovative dimension to this arena. The exploration of NTL data for road extraction remains in its nascent stage, and this study seeks to bridge this gap. We present a refined U-Net model (CA U-Net) integrated with Cross-Attention Mechanisms, meticulously designed to extract roads from Yangwang-1 NTL images. This model incorporates several enhancements, thereby improving its proficiency in identifying and delineating road networks. Through extensive experimentation conducted in the urban landscape of Wenzhou City, the model delivers highly accurate results, achieving an F1 score of 84.46%. These outcomes significantly surpass the performance benchmarks set by Support Vector Machines (SVM) and the Optimal Threshold (OT) method. This promising development paves the way towards maximizing the utility of NTL data for comprehensive mapping and analysis of road networks. Furthermore, the findings underscore the potential of utilizing Yangwang-1 data as a reliable source for road extraction and reaffirm the viability of deploying deep learning frameworks for road extraction tasks utilizing NTL data.
Pleural effusion portends a poor prognosis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Zhang Fengping , Xiang Ting , Feng Xiaoran , Zhang Guilin , Liu Yu , Li Luohua
Published: January 2024

Aims

Pleural effusion is not an infrequent complication in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. However, there is not adequate data to evaluate pleural effusion and prognosis in clinical practice. In this study, we validated this potential association by a multicenter cohort.

Methods

We screened 1,162 patients who met the inclusion criteria with PD. According to the existence of pleural effusion on stable dialysis (4–8 weeks after dialysis initiation), the participants were divided into pleural effusion and non-pleural effusion groups. The hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause and cause-specific death were estimated with adjustment for demographic characteristics and multiple potential clinical confounders. Subgroup analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to further verify the robustness of the correlation between hydrothorax and prognosis.

Results

Pleural effusion was found in 8.9% (104/1162) of PD individuals. After adjusting for the confounding factors, patients with pleural effusion had significantly increased HRs for all-cause death was 3.06 (2.36–3.96) and cardiovascular death was 3.78 (2.67–5.35) compared to those without pleural effusion. However, it was not associated with infectious and other causes of death. After PSM, the HR of all-cause mortality was 3.56 (2.28–5.56). The association trends were consistent in the subgroup sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

Pleural effusion is not rare in PD, and is significantly associated with overall and cardiovascular mortality, which is independent of underlying diseases and clinically relevant indicators.
Media labs as catalysts of journalistic innovation: Advantages and disadvantages according to experts
Authors: Herrera-Damas Susana , Satizabal-Idarraga Christian Camilo
Published: January 2024

At the current crossroads of the media and journalism, innovation is emerging not only as a ‘nice thing to have’ but also as an urgent and peremptory need. In this context, innovation labs are seen as a structured and somewhat privileged space. However, a review of the academic and professional literature on the subject also reveals voices that are critical of these spaces. Given this situation, we ask ourselves what their advantages and disadvantages are. To answer this question, between 2021 and 2022 we conducted semi-structured interviews with eighteen experts in the field for two reasons: (1) because they themselves are linked to a lab and (2) because they are highly qualified experts in journalistic innovation in its various forms and academic experts as well. The results confirm that these laboratories offer considerable advantages, along with disadvantages, which can potentially cause operational problems. This confirms not only the instrumental nature of these spaces but also the fact that they are not truly necessary nor is their presence enough.
Young Venezuelans’ experiences of migration on YouTube: Self-mediatization, consumerism and digital settlements
Authors: Levy Helton
Published: January 2024

Venezuela’s displacement crisis has received extensive media coverage around the world. COVID-19 has exacerbated dramatic stories of border closures and increased prejudice against new arrivals. This article analyses videos of six young Venezuelan migrants who created YouTube channels to document their journey over four years (2017–21). A multimodal content analysis (MCA) captured themes and portraits that emerged from these videos. While these stories should not represent the full spectrum of Venezuelan self-mediatized migration, neither is YouTube free from commercial influences, these videos provide various reasons for their moving out, chapters of their integration into the new reality and plans for the post-settlement life. Most content makes sound evidence for understanding self-mediatized migration as interspersed with the capitalist underpinnings of social media platforms while casting genuine aspirations of a better life that contest the current stereotypical coverage.
Conflict, crisis and the media: Cultural intermediaries bridging the identity divide between Black immigrants and African Americans
Authors: Oshin-Martin Moronke
Published: January 2024

The Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests during the summer of 2020 provide an opportunity to reassess the relations between African Americans, Caribbean and African immigrants. I argue that while the social justice protests galvanized the Black community to fight against police brutality and systemic racism, the process began earlier and was significantly impacted by the advent of social media. Using Stuart Hall’s work as a framework, I argue that in today’s digital environment, celebrity influencers such as Barack Obama, Beyonce, Trevor Noah and Rihanna have used their formidable social media platforms to upend racially divisive media messaging about cultural identities of African Americans, Caribbean and African immigrants. I also explore broadening the concept of cultural intermediaries to recognize these influencers who bypass traditional intermediaries and connect directly with their followers to bridge the cultural identity divide.
Menstrual hygiene among the school-going early adolescent girls
(10-14 Years): A socio-cultural study in Bankura District, West Bengal,
India
Authors: Ganguly Mousumi , Midya Dipak K.
Published: January 2024

The onset of menstruation is a significant milestone in female
puberty, marking the transition from girlhood to womanhood and initiating
the reproductive phase of a woman's life. In Indian society, menstruation
is associated with a myriad of traditions, myths, misconceptions, taboos,
and superstitions. Open discussions about menstruation management are rare.
Various socio-cultural influences propagate negative or erroneous
information among girls, detrimentally affecting their understanding of
menstrual hygiene and safe practices. This cross-sectional study focuses on
early adolescent girls (aged 10-14 years) from a high school in the Bankura
district of West Bengal, illuminating the socio-cultural factors that
prevent them from gaining appropriate knowledge, attitudes, and practices
concerning menstrual hygiene. The study found that 11.87% of the girls
viewed menstruation as a result of a divine curse, 1.70% perceived it as a
disease, and 54.23% lacked a clear understanding of this crucial life
phase. Additionally, the majority were ignorant of the source of menstrual
bleeding. A mere 8.47% of the girls had knowledge of menstruation before
experiencing their first period (menarche). Most of girls didn’t even hear
about menstruation before menarche. Thus, menstruation and its associated
practices are overshadowed by prevalent taboos and socio-cultural
misconceptions.
In silico immunoinformatics based prediction and designing of
multi-epitope construct against human rhinovirus C
Authors: Sur Saubashya , Ghosh Mritunjoy , Rai Ritu
Published: January 2024

Human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) is an RNA virus infecting human
respiratory tract. It is associated with complexities like asthma, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, and respiratory damage. HRV-C has many
serotypes. Till date there is no vaccine. Despite some limitations,
corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and common cold medicines are used to
treat HRV-C infections. Here, we have used immunoinformatics approach to
predict suitable cytotoxic T-cell, helper T-cell and linear B-cell epitopes
from the most antigenic protein. VP2 protein of Rhinovirus C53 strain
USA/CO/2014-20993 was found to be most antigenic. The multi-epitope
construct was designed using the best CTL, HTL and linear B-cell epitopes
and attaching them with adjuvant and linkers. Interferon-gamma inducing
epitopes and conformational B-cell epitopes were also predicted from the
construct. Physicochemical and structural properties of the construct were
satisfactory. Binding pockets were identified that could be the targets for
designing effective inhibitors. Molecular docking revealed strong binding
affinity of the construct with human Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Normal
mode analysis divulged stability of the docked complex. Codon optimization,
in silico cloning and immune simulation analysis demonstrated suitability
of the construct. These findings are likely to aid in vitro studies for
developing vaccine against HRV-C.
Acute toxicity and therapeutic application of Zizyphus lotus and Ruta
chalepensis phenolic extracts in treatment of gastroenteritis induced by
Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae
Authors: Bekkar Nour El Houda , Bouabsa Foufa , Meddah Boumediene , Keskin Bahadir , Cakmak Yavuz Selim , Tou Abdenacer
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the antigastroenteritis effect against
Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae after therapeutic application of
hydromethanolic extracts (MeOH.E) and aqueous extracts (Aq.E) of Zizyphus
lotus (ZL) and Ruta chalepensis (RC). Acute oral toxicity was elucidated
using in vivo methods and antigastroenteritis effect were evaluated using
S. enterica subsp. arizonae-induced diarrheal model. Furthermore, test
groups were treated with 400 mg/kg of the MeOH.E and Aq.E of each plant,
while the control group was given neomycin (200 mg/kg) as standard
antibiotic treatment, positive and negative controls were given the
infectious germ (4 × 106 cells/mL) and 0.9% saline solution NaCl (10
ml/kg), respectively. Both plants extracts showed no toxicity for all the
animals, so the LD50 was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Moreover, an
important bactericidal effect, using both plants extracts was determined
against S. enterica subsp. arizonae cells in the intestine. In parallel, a
decrease in alkaline phosphatase, amino alanine transferase and aspartate
aminotransferase levels was observed with reduction in blood erythrocyte
sedimentation rate in all treated animals. Thus, these results could be
exploited in the medical field for the formulation of potent antibacterial
drugs that cure severe gastrointestinal infections.
New records of crustose lichen species for Iran and Asia
Authors: Baradaran Bahram , Saadatmand Sara , Moniri Mahroo Haji , Asri Yunes
Published: January 2024

The Khorasan-Razavi Province in northeastern Iran boasts a diverse
lichen flora, fostered by its climatic diversity and extensive calcareous
substrates, which provide an ideal habitat for crustose saxicolous lichens.
However, the distribution of these lichens in this province has remained
inadequately explored. Thus, this study aims to conduct a taxonomic
investigation of crustose saxicolous lichens within this area. Between 2018
and 2019, we employed survey methods to collect 436 rock substrates from 44
locations within the province. Lichen specimens were meticulously examined,
considering their morphological, anatomical, and ecological attributes.
Light microscopy was utilized to scrutinize morphological and anatomical
features, with a specific focus on the thallus and perithecium. Our
findings reveal the first-ever documentation of the species Caloplaca
atroalba (Tuck) Zahlbr. (1930) in Asia. Additionally, we report the
presence of the species Pyrenodesmia micromontana (Frolov, Wilk, and
Vondrák) Hafellner & Türk (2016), Arthonia mediella Nyl. (1859),
Lecania erysibe (Ach.) Mudd (1861), Placopyrenium canellum (Nyl.) Gueidan
& Cl. Roux, Verruculopsis minutum (Hepp.) Krzewicka, and
Involucropyrenium waltheri (Kremp.) Breuss, along with the genus
Involucropyrenium, as new records for the Iranian flora.
Evaluation of molecular and morphological diversity of the rangeland
species of Atriplex canescens (Amaranthaceae) in Iran
Authors: Tahmasebi Abolfazl , Nasrollahi Fatemeh , Esmaeili Majid Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Atriplex canescens is a polymorphic species that can be deciduous or
evergreen depending on the climate. Having an extensive root system, it
controls soil erosion very well and is resistant to drought. The present
study examined the morphological and genetic diversity of 13 Iranian
populations. Multivariate statistical analyses were performed on 25
morphological characteristics (quantitative and qualitative). To assess
genetic diversity, eight primers were applied, resulting in 42 bands. With
the ANOVA test, all quantitative morphological characteristics among the
studied populations were significantly different. Similarly, the AMOVA test
revealed that the genetic content of the studied populations was different.
Genetic distance and geographic distance were significantly correlated in
Mantel's test. Based on morphological studies and the effects of
environmental factors (latitude, longitude, and altitude) on genetic
structure, different genetic branches have been proposed for A. canescens.
Development and Airworthiness Certification of the Ti6Al4V Inlet Casing Inner Forging
Authors: P Vignesh , KV Praveen , S Krishna kumar , CM Bhuvaneswari , Kale Shirish , T Ram Prabhu
Published: January 2024

The inlet casing inner has manufactured using Ti-6Al-4V alloy through a closed die-forging route. It undergoes cyclic loads in addition to operating in extreme conditions in high-temperature environments. The demanding mission requirement of these engines necessitates the inlet casing inner to be flawless throughout its life cycle while retaining its structural integrity. It makes the qualification for airworthiness of the casing, a daunting task. In addition, the qualification tests also help to evaluate the design and manufacturing processes (closed die forging) of the inlet casing inner. The tests also provide data for further improvement of the inlet casing inner in terms of strength and fatigue life. It helps to ensure that the inlet casing inner will be able to perform as expected throughout its operational life. All the batch and consolidated test results comply with the relevant ASTM, MIL standards, and test schedule requirements.
Adolescentes migrantes sin referentes familiares. La cooperación al desarrollo en el norte de África y Marruecos
Authors: López Lajusticia Gema
Published: January 2024

El fenómeno de los adolescentes migrantes sin referentes familiares está generando en el momento presente un importante aumento en el número de chicos que llegan a territorio europeo, teniendo como puerta de entrada las Islas Canarias. Poco a poco los sistemas de protección de la infancia y la adolescencia de las diferentes comunidades autónomas se están situando por encima de la capacidad de acogida de la que disponen. Igualmente aumenta la probabilidad de exponernos a situaciones en la que la falta de comunicación originará problemas de convivencia con intenso debate político. Lejos del componente sociológico, personas jóvenes y de todas las edades se juegan la vida, cuando no la pierden, por su intento de llegar al archipiélago canario. Las rutas pueden variar, pero el drama humano continúa siendo el mismo. Los medios nos informan de la llegada masiva de migrantes provenientes de África y de este modo, casi con total normalidad, los que tenemos el privilegio de vivir en otro lugar del mundo, lo asimilamos sin más. Desde la convicción de que la sensibilización social y la formación profesional no pueden cesar, una vez más un grupo de expertos reunidos al otro lado del Mediterráneo, hemos compartido nuestros conocimientos basados en la praxis y la investigación, y hemos contribuido a esta compilación de capítulos aportando una visión general del fenómeno que nos ocupa. Veinte aportaciones y cuarenta autores integran esta publicación que lleva por título Adolescentes migrantes sin referentes familiares: La cooperación al desarrollo en el norte de África y Marruecos y que forma parte del camino iniciado en el año 2017 cuando en la ciudad de Tetuán nos reunimos por primera vez para debatir profesiones e investigadores de diferentes lugares del mundo. Estamos convencidos que en las siguientes páginas los lectores encontrarán información de interés y se sentirán en parte identificados con las ideas y experiencias compartidas. Esperamos que en ellas se encuentren el consuelo y la fuerza necesaria para seguir inspirándonos y trabajando por una sociedad más justa y por aminorar el sufrimiento de quienes cruzan océanos y mares en búsqueda de un mundo mejor. Que este mundo, el mundo construido en sus imaginarios les ofrezca amabilidad, empatía y compasión. Quienes coordinamos esta obra les invitamos a disfrutar de ella.
Implementasi Literasi Kesehatan Mental Pasien Rehabilitasi Psikososial Rumah Sakit Jiwa Islam Jakarta
Authors: Riyaldi Muhammad Agung
Published: January 2024

Literasi kesehatan mental merupakan pengetahuan dan keyakinan tentang gangguan kesehatan mental yang membantu mengenali, mengelola, dan mencegah gangguan mental. Dibutuhkan adanya literasi kesehatan mental untuk memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan dan pengobatan untuk mengatasi gangguan mental. Dengan kondisi tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah lebih dekat keseharian pasien Rumah Sakit Jiwa (RSJ) dalam mengimplementasikan literasi kesehatan mental. Teknik penjaringan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara pada Juni hingga Oktober 2022. Hasilnya informan memahami gangguan mental, pengetahuan tempat pelayanan kesehatan, dan pengobatan yang tepat. Dengan saling mengenal ragam diagnosa gangguan mental lainnya pengetahuan pasien dan kemampuan bersosialisasi untuk berintegrasi dengan masyarakat bertambah. Pada dasarnya dengan hadirnya pasien di RSJ, literasi kesehatan mental telah diimplementasikan. Namun dorongan untuk mendapatkan literasi kesehatan mental masih terdapat stigma. Simpulannya, masih terdapat faktor penghambat literasi kesehatan mental, yaitu stigma. Apabila seseorang melihat anggota masyarakat yang mengalami gejala gangguan mental, maka dapat dibawa ke bantuan profesional kesehatan mental, salah satunya RSJ, tanpa perlu memberikan stigma. Sebagai pasien RSJ, para informan juga dapat bersikap seperti orang yang tidak terdiagnosa gangguan mental; memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang tinggi, dan mampu mencapai cita-citanya. Misalnya, salah satu di antara mereka dapat melanjutkan studi lanjut ke Inggris. Hal ini dapat menjadi salah satu acuan untuk menghalau stigma tersebut. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan saling pemahaman antara pasien gangguan mental dengan masyarakat luas.
Die katholische Kirche in Polen und Erster Weltkrieg
Authors: Hurysz Mateusz
Published: January 2024

Der vorliegende Text stellt ausgewählte Aspekte der Aktivitäten der katholischen Kirche in Polen während des Ersten Weltkriegs vor. Alle unternommenen kirchlichen Aktionen basierten auf zwei Grundpfeilern: Gebet und Nächstenliebe. Die polnische Frage, also die Wiedererlangung der Unabhängigkeit, war nicht ohne Bedeutung. Alle diese Phänomene erreichten die katholische Kirche in den polnischen Landen. Besonders die von der Kirche entwickelte Karitatives- und Wohltätigkeitsaktionen überschritten die Grenzen der Teilung. Das von Bischof Adam Stephan Sapieha eingesetzte der Fürstbischöfliche Hilfsausschuss für die von der Kriegsniederlage Betroffenen (Abk. K.B.K.) hatte sich in dieser Hinsicht große Verdienste erworben. Am 5. Februar 1915 wurde im Rahmen des Nationalrates das Posener Komitee zur Hilfe für das Königreich Polen gegründet. Erzbischof Eduard Likowski wurde Vorsitzender, und nach seinem Tod wurde Erzbischof Edmund Dalbor sein Nachfolger. Die katholische Kirche und ihre Bischöfe arbeiteten aktiv mit dem am 9. Januar 1915 in Lausanne gegründeten Allgemeinen Komitee für Kriegsopferhilfe in Polen zusammen. Die für November 1915 geplante Aktion war das größte Echo der Zusammenarbeit der katholischen Kirche mit dem Sienkiewicz-Komitee. Im März 1917 fand auf der siebten Konferenz der katholischen Bischöfe des Königreichs Polen anlässlich des hundertjährigen Bestehens der Erzdiözese Warschau (1817) ein beispielloses Ereignis statt, nämlich der erste Kongress der Polnisches Episkopat während der Teilungen. Der Klerus bildete eine Gruppe, die die Nation integrierte, die nach dem Fall der Republik Polen in drei getrennten staatlichen Organismen lebte. Während der Teilungen und während des Ersten Weltkriegs haben die Priester die polnische Nation in großem Umfang vermittelt. Dank dessen konnte der neue Staat Ende 1918 erfolgreich wiederaufleben.
Recenzja książki: Wokół koncepcji wolności religijnej, red. W. Cisło, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Warszawa 2022, ss. 198
Authors: Piasecki Piotr
Published: January 2024

Publikacja to monografia zbiorowa, która powstała w związku z rosnącą falą prześladowań na tle religijnym, szczególnie chrześcijan, nie tylko na całym świecie, lecz także w Europie, również w Polsce. Autorzy poszczególnych rozdziałów monografii jasno artykułują prawa religijne, konieczność ich respektowania oraz wskazują na ich źródła. W recenzowanej publikacji znalazło się określenie zarówno aktualnego odniesienia do praw wolności religijnej, jak i przyczyn i skutków łamania tych praw, nie tylko przez jednostki, lecz także reprezentantów różnych ruchów społecznych czy nawet instytucji państwowych. Publikacja jest próbą wypracowania koncepcji racjonalnych usprawnień w kontekście wolności religijnej i zakazu dyskryminacji wyrażania religijnych przekonań.
Recenzja książki Antoniego Nadbrzeżnego, Filozofia zbawienia. Soteriologia egzystencjalna Paula Tillicha i Edwarda Schillebeeckxa, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2020, ss. 320
Authors: Walczak Marcin
Published: January 2024

Książka stanowi próbę filozoficznego ujęcia teorii zbawienia dwóch ważnych teologów XX wieku — Edwarda Schillebeeckxa i Paula Tillicha. W pierwszym rozdziale zostaje ukazana sytuacja człowieka potrzebującego zbawienia, ujęta jako egzystencja wyobcowana. Drugi rozdział pokazuje, na czym polega zbawienie według omawianych myślicieli. Chodzi o ukazanie istoty dzieła zbawienia, którą Tillich określał jako Nowy Byt. Z kolei rozdział trzeci poświęcony jest historycznemu wymiarowi zbawienia. Autor pokazuje, że kategoria zbawienia nie jest jakąś religijną fantasmagorią, ale czymś, co dotyczy realnej rzeczywistości i dziejów człowieka. Książka Nadbrzeżnego pokazuje, że myślenie o zbawieniu człowieka jest wciąż aktualne, również na płaszczyźnie filozoficznej. Pokazuje także, że teologia może i powinna ciągle trwać w twórczym dialogu z filozofią.
Znaczenie "Reguły św. Benedykta" z Nursji w procesie reformy monastycznej w okresie karolińskim na podstawie źródeł prawnych
Authors: Kieling Michał
Published: January 2024

Dzieje kultury karolińskiej stanowią ciekawą kartę w historii wczesnośredniowiecznej Europy i posiadają duże znaczenie historyczno-polityczne oraz religijno-społeczne. Źródłem niniejszego opracowania jest polski przekład Źródeł prawnych do dziejów reformy monastycznej w czasach karolińskich. W tomie znalazły się tłumaczenia kapitularzy królewskich i cesarskich, statutów synodalnych, innych pism synodalnych, wewnątrzklasztorne teksty normatywne, uzupełnienia Reguły, listy oraz zwyczajniki z okresu panowania Karola Wielkiego (768–814) i Ludwika Pobożnego (814–840). Celem podjętych badań jest przedstawienie znaczenia Reguły św. Benedykta w procesie reformy monastycznej i unifikacji życia klasztornego w czasach karolińskich. W pierwszym punkcie artykułu została ukazana geneza odnowy zakonnej w czasach karolińskich. W drugim punkcie przedstawiono rolę Reguły Benedykta z Nursji jako wzorca i źródła dla działalności klasztorów. W trzecim punkcie zaprezentowano wpływ Benedykta z Aniane na reformę vita monastica w okresie karolińskim.
Introduction: Aesthetics and Pedagogy
Authors: Widhe Olle , Jönsson Maria
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Aesthetics and Pedagogy
Dewetting upside-down: two-sided solid state dewetting of thin gold film on soft KBr substrate
Authors: Almog Ehud , Nachmias Chen , Orion Nadav , Zimmerman Jonathan , Bisht Anuj , Klinger Leonid , Rabkin Eugen
Published: January 2024

We deposited a 30 nm-thick Au film on single crystalline KBr substrate and studied the solid state dewetting behavior of the film at a temperature of 350 °C. At this temperature, the ions of the KBr compound exhibit significant mobility along the Au–KBr interface, which affects the morphology and kinetics of the solid state dewetting. We performed statistical morphology analysis of the Au–KBr interface by selectively dissolving the KBr substrate after the dewetting heat treatments and subsequent atomic force microscopy imaging of the “upside-down” oriented Au film. We demonstrated that atomic mobility at the interface leads to embedding of the partially dewetted Au film into the KBr substrate. We proposed a quantitative model of the shape evolution of a disc-shaped Au particle on the KBr substrate under the condition of finite interface mobility of the substrate species. The model predictions were consistent with the experimentally observed sinking rates of Au nanostructures.
Surinterprétation idiomatique en sémiotique de la traduction :De la part de la princesse mortede Kenizé Mourad et ses traductions turques
Authors: Öztürk Kasar Sündüz , Tuna Didem
Published: January 2024

Resumé

Dans cette étude, nous nous proposons d’analyser de la perspective sémiotique de la traduction l’œuvre intituléeDe la part de la princesse mortede Kenizé Mourad, écrivaine francophone, qui a une identité multiculturelle étant donné qu’elle est princesse ottomane du côté de sa mère et princesse indienne du côté de son père. Née à Paris dans des conditions de la Deuxième guerre mondiale, et orpheline de mère à l’âge d’un an et demi, Kenizé Mourad a été élevée dans le contexte culturel français car son père en Inde ignorait qu’elle était vivante. Dans cette œuvre, elle raconte l’histoire tragique de sa mère en exil, la Princesse Selma, petite-fille du Sultan Mourad V, padischah ottoman. Nous abordons le texte et ses deux traductions turques intitulées toutes les deuxSaraydan Sürgünepour étudier les conséquences de la transformation des expressions neutres en français en des locutions idiomatiques en turc. Nous menons à bien cette interrogation au prisme de la notion de surinterprétation conçue dans le cadre de la Systématique de la désignification en traduction comme « un commentaire excessif du sens de l’original » tout en analysant en quoi les expressions idiomatiques constituent la surinterprétation et de quelle manière elles naturalisent le discours original.
On the operator equations ABA = A
2 and BAB = B
2 on non-Archimedean Banach spaces
Authors: Ettayb Jawad
Published: January 2024

Let

X

X

and

Y

Y

be non-Archimedean Banach spaces over

K

{\mathbb{K}}

,

A
∈
B

(

X
,
Y

)

A\in B\left(X,Y)

and

B
∈
B

(

Y
,
X

)

B\in B\left(Y,X)

such that

A
B
A
=

A

2

ABA={A}^{2}

and

B
A
B
=

B

2

.

BAB={B}^{2}.

In this article, we investigate some properties of the operator equations

A
B
A
=

A

2

ABA={A}^{2}

and

B
A
B
=

B

2

BAB={B}^{2}

, and many common basic properties of

I

Y

−
A
B

{I}_{Y}-AB

and

I

X

−
B
A

{I}_{X}-BA

are given. In particular, if

X

X

and

Y

Y

are Banach spaces over a spherically complete field

K
,

{\mathbb{K}},

then

N

(

I

Y

−
A
B

)

N\left({I}_{Y}-AB)

is a complemented subspace of

Y

Y

if and only if

N

(

I

X

−
B
A

)

N\left({I}_{X}-BA)

is a complemented subspace of

X
.

X.

Finally, we give some examples to illustrate our work.
“Even Though It’s Completely Random”
Authors: Grosser Michelle
Published: January 2024

Typically, the role of non-diegetic music in video games is to set the environment, connect important gameplay events, serve as a transition between moments of action, provide the player with information about the game, and/or create meaning in game events. Games that are successful in these functional goals use music that is bound to player action and game context including setting, time, and location. Music in popular open-world games such as The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Dark Souls, and The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild all achieve their functional goals through their connection with player action or game events. Minecraft is an outlier among open-world games in that its music occurs randomly and sporadically, it is inconsistently connected with elements of the setting such as time and location, and the role of silence is less apparent than in other games such as those mentioned above. This article examines the following questions: How does non-diegetic music typically create meaning in game events? What implications does this have in Minecraft? And why do different players experience the music in Minecraft differently?
The Supreme Administrative Tribunal on Civil Status Records. A Case Law Review
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku (University of Bialystok, Poland), Truszkowski Bartosz Kamil
Published: January 2024

In interwar Poland, civil status records were kept under five separate legal regimes, which the Second Polish Republic inherited from the different partitioning powers. Only the Prussian and Hungarian systems, which were in force in the western voivodeships and in Spiš and Orava, were fully secular and professional. In the central, eastern, and southern voivodeships, the civil status records of the majority of the population were combined with church records, and thus were kept by the clergy. The cluster of outdated regulations, which were ill-adapted to the new state and were often mutually exclusive, caused a host of registration problems in each of the five systems in operation. Due to the unsuccessful attempts to unify this system throughout the country, efforts were made to organize it not only through legislation and ministerial circulars, but also through court judgments, including those issued in the administrative court system. The present paper analyzes eight judgments of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal that have been published in the official Collection of Judgments, as well as four rulings of the Tribunal presented in other sources on civil status records and related issues. The resulting overview is intended to present how the various provisions on civil status records were interpreted in the conditions prevailing in interwar Poland, as well as to illuminate the nature of the cases considered and their relevance in terms of their impact on further operation of the civil status records system.
Review of the PRIODAC project on thyroid protection from radioactive iodine by repeated iodide intake in individuals aged 12+
Authors: Martin Jean-Charles , Pourcher Thierry , Phan Guillaume , Guglielmi Julien , Crambes Caroline , Caire-Maurisier François , Lebsir Dalila , Cohen David , Rosique Clément , Jing Lun , Hichri Maha , Salleron Lisa , Darcourt Jacques , Souidi Maamar , Benderitter Marc
Published: January 2024

Background

Intake of potassium iodide (KI) reduces the accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland in the event of possible contamination by radioactive iodine released from a nuclear facility. The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated the need for research for optimal timing, appropriate dosing regimen, and safety for repetitive iodine thyroid blocking (ITB). The French PRIODAC project, addressed all these issues, involving prolonged or repeated releases of radioactive iodine. Preclinical studies established an effective dose through pharmacokinetic modeling, demonstrating the safety of repetitive KI treatment without toxicity.

Recent preclinical studies have determined an optimal effective dose for repetitive administration, associated with pharmacokinetic modeling. The results show the safety and absence of toxicity of repetitive treatment with KI. Good laboratory practice level preclinical studies corresponding to individuals >12 years have shown a safety margin established between animal doses without toxic effect. After approval from the French health authorities, the market authorization of the two tablets of KI, 65 mg/day, was defined with a new dosing scheme of a daily repetitive intake of the treatment up to 7 days unless otherwise instructed by the competent authorities for all categories of population except pregnant women and children under the age of 12 years.

Conclusion

This new marketed authorization resulting from scientific-based evidence obtained as part of the PRIODAC project may serve as an example to further harmonize the application of KI for repetitive ITB in situations of prolonged radioactive release at the European and international levels, under the umbrella of the WHO.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: ACO CAO
Published: January 2024

Letters to the Editor
Opinion: Have you Dispensed with Dispensing?
Authors: Housman A.E.
Published: January 2024

Opinion: Have you Dispensed with Dispensing?
Soft Contact Lenses and Solutions in Canada
Authors: Inns H.D.E
Published: January 2024

Factual background information is provided on hydrophylic lens polymers and the changes in lens parameters when a change is made in the temperature, tonicity or pH of the solution they are immersed in. Cleaning and disinfection are discussed under three headings. 1) Cleaning: a) surfactants b) oxidizing agents c)enzyme cleaners; 2) Heat disinfection; 3) Chemical disinfection: a) antimicrobial substances b) oxidative substances. Tables list details of the available lenses, the systems, the salines, the surfactants, the chemical disinfectants, the extra cleaners and the ocular lubricants.
Gonioscopic Orienteering
Authors: Williams T. David
Published: January 2024

Gonioscopic Orienteering - How not to get lost in the anterior chamber
The Use of Auxiliaries in Optometric Practice
Authors: Griffith F.H
Published: January 2024

As demand for health services in­creases and as capital and operating costs also increase the providers of health services must maximize their productivity while maintaining quality and patient satisfaction. The professions in Ontario, with the ex­ception of optometry, make extensive use of auxiliaries as a means of in­creasing productivity. In the United States optometric assistants, trained in community and optometric col­leges, are used widely. The paper presents a point of view urging the removal of restrictions on the appro­priate use of well trained assistants.
Recommended Primary Eye-Care Examination
Authors: ACO CAO
Published: January 2024

A Policy Statement by the Australian Optometrical Association. Based on a report by John Nathan.
Direct Ophthalmoscopy Toward the Retinal Periphery
Authors: Williams T David , Bader Dennis A
Published: January 2024

Direct ophthalmoscopic examina­tion toward the retinal periphery re­quires the use of increasing amounts of plus lens power in the instrument. The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the amount of ad­ditional plus power required to focus on peripheral fundus details.
Case Report: Diagnosis of a Microtropia
Authors: Bobier William R
Published: January 2024

Case Report: Diagnosis of a Microtropia
The Museum of Visual Science and Optometry
Authors: Fisher Edward J , Johnson Catherine R
Published: January 2024

The Museum of Visual Science and Optometry is located in the Op­tometry building on the campus of the University of Waterloo. It forms part of the Waterloo Heritage Col­lections Association which also in­cludes the Biology and Earth Sci­ences Museum and the Museum and Archive of Games. Admin­istratively, this organization is sep­arate from the University, but is closely related to it. The Museum of Visual Science and Optometry has its own board of consultants, consist­ing of several optometrists repre­senting a cross section of the profes­sion and its organizations.
"Goodwill" or "Another One Bites the Dust"
Authors: Dorfzaun Sander S
Published: January 2024

"Goodwill" or "Another One Bites the Dust"
Reflections from the Retinal Surface
Authors: Williams T David
Published: January 2024

Abnormalities ahead of, within, and behind the retina may alter the manner in which light is reflected from the retinal surface during ophthalmoscopy.
Contrast Sensitivity Function and Low Vision
Authors: Woo George C
Published: January 2024

The Canadian Association of Op­tometrists through its educational endowment fund recently provided the funds for a custom designed con­trast sensitivity function unit at the low vision clinic of the University of Waterloo. Its purpose is to enhance the capability of low vision clinicians to evaluate residual functional vi­sion of some low vision patients where conventional visual acuity ap­proaches fail to quantify any func­tional loss of vision.
The Contribution of the Crystalline Lens to Chromatic and Spherical Aberrations of the Eye
Authors: Sivak Jacob G
Published: January 2024

The longitudinal chromatic aber­ration of the eye is greater than expected from reduced eye calcula­tions. Recent evidence shows that this is due to the fact that chromatic dis­persion of the crystalline lens is greater than previous estimates, par­ticularly at wavelengths below 500 nm. Measurements of spherical aber­ration of the lens indicate that the aberration is almost absent. Since the eye is known to be quite free of spher­ical aberration, both the cornea and the lens may be considered to have relatively constant focal lengths for incident light rays of varying separations.
Case Report I: Diagnosis of a double hyperphoria
Authors: Lapierre Nicole
Published: January 2024

Case Report I: Diagnosis of a double hyperphoria
Simplification of the Bielchowsky head tilt test for the general practitioner
Authors: Lapierre Nicole
Published: January 2024

The following is a short, but none­theless important idea in orthoptics. It has the potential of not only facili­tating a difficult part of exam ques­tioning but also of simplifying an examination technique for the practi­tioner.
Gradient-index Optics
Authors: Charman W N
Published: January 2024

The history of man-made devices involving the use of gradients of refractive index is briefly outlined and a typical component, the Wood lens, is described. Current methods for producing controlled gradients are reviewed, together with their limitations and applications. Some possibilities for using gradients to improve the design of spectacle and contact lenses are discussed.
Why can't we explain refractive error?
Authors: Bear J.C.
Published: January 2024

Refractive error is a quantitative trait, and its variation is readily considered from the point of view of quantitative genetics, or genetic epidemiology. This article reviews the development of refractive error in childhood, and its epidemiology and genetics. There is considerable epide­miological evidence that the develop­ment of refractive error is influenced by vision activity. Possible influences of other environmental factors such as nutrition have not been sufficient­ly investigated. Observed familial resemblances in refractive error are consistent with a considerable addi­tive genetic contribution to variation in the range of low to moderate error; higher errors may be more strongly inherited. Recent investigations sug­gest vision activity, as a feature of common familial environment, can inflate measures of genetic resem­blance if not taken into account. The significance of refractive error as an indicator of liability to serious ocular disorders is outlined, and suggestions made of advice to offer persons concerned about the occurrence or recurrence of refractive error in their families.
The Effect of Freeze/ Thaw Conditions on Hydrogel Lens Posterior Apical Radius and Surface Quality
Authors: Janoff Lester E
Published: January 2024

Twenty-six hydrogel lenses of identical parameters were subjected to twenty-five freeze/ thaw cycles and periodically checked for base curve sagittal depth and surface quality. A matched group of lenses served as an untreated control. The results indicated the treatment group gave more stable measurements than the con­trol group. No surface defects were apparent after twenty-five cycles. It may well be that the freeze/thaw cycle relieves the internal stress created by machining a complex polymer. We are confident that hydrogel lenses of simple HEMA formulations when subject to freeze/ thaw conditions, are unharmed.
Histoire de cas: Vision Pédiatrique
Authors: Dufresne G B
Published: January 2024

Histoire de cas: Vision Pédiatrique
Binocular Vision
Authors: Sheni D D
Published: January 2024

When the haploscope is used to measure fusional limits at near, a -2.50 D lens is placed in a lens holder in front of each eye of the subject. It is assumed that the lines of sight will rotate equal amounts to the move­ment of the haploscope tubes such that the foveal fixation is maintained. This assumption is investigated. It was found that the lines of sight of 60% of the subjects studied lagged behind the movement of the arms of the haploscope. The implication of this is discussed and it is recom­mended that the haploscope be used as an instrument to train fusional vergences rather than to measure them.
Aspects of Visual Stress in Visual Display Terminal Work
Authors: Mah L J`
Published: January 2024

There have been frequent com­plaints arising from the operation of visual display terminals (VDT's). Radiation, ergonomics, and lighting factors have been intensely investigated, but visual stress has not received the same attention and study. This paper discusses inherent deficiencies in the images of a VDT, how the visual system reacts, and how fatigue results from the stress. Recommendations and solutions for the VDT operator are explored.
Successful Visual Training for a Presbyopic Patient Following Unsuccessful Prism Therapy
Authors: Roberston K M
Published: January 2024

Orthoptic therapy was instituted on a presbyopic patient having convergence insufficiency. The com­bination of presbyopia and conver­gence insufficiency has often suggested a poorer prognosis. Prism therapy had been attempted pre­viously and the measurement over ten years indicated some form of prism adaptation as well as reduced measured fusional reserves. During visual training and after cessation of visual training the increased positive fusional vergences were monitored and recorded.
Validité prédictive des tests d'admission en optométrie en fonction des tables de Taylor-Russell
Authors: Letourneau J , Bourgignon J , Giroux R
Published: January 2024

La pertinence de quatre tests d'admission au succès dans les études d'optométrie font objet de cette étude. Les résultats des tests sont comparés au dossier académique des candidats au cours de trois derniers trimestres de leurs études avant de faire une demande d'admission ainsi qu'aux différents sujets du programme en optométrie. L'usage des tables Taylor-Russell dans l'analyse des résultats peut rehausser le valeur prédictive de ces tests d'admission.
L'Enfant Handicapé au Plan Visuel: Une Approche Optométrique Globale
Authors: Decarie J , Fortin L , Lagace J-P
Published: January 2024

La littérature abonde en ce qui concerne les activités de réadaptation de la personne handicapée au plan visuel. Par contre la plupart du temps les activités de réadaptation elles-mêmes et les modes d'évaluation et de traitement se limitent souvent et gravitent autour des aides optiques seulement.

Quant à nous, seule une approche globale et holistique peut répondre et satisfaire les nombreux besoins de l'enfant handicapé au plan visuel. Nous présentons ici l'articulation des rôles et fonctions de l'optométrie holistique dans le processus de réadaptation de l'enfant handicapé au plan visuel.
L'Enfant Handicapé au Plan Visuel: Une Approche Optométrique Globale (Pt II)
Authors: Decarie J , Fortin L , Lagace J-P
Published: January 2024

Faute d'espace dans noire numéro de décembre (vol. 45, no. 4), le texte complet du travail de Decarie, Fortin et Lagace, intitulé L 'enfant handicapé au plan visuel: une approche optométrique globale, n'a pû paraître tel que prévu. La direction s'excuse auprès de ses lecteurs pour toute confusion occasionnée par l'interruption brusque de ce texte.
Case Report: Improvement of Visual Function of a Cerebral Palsied Child with Periodic Exotropia of the Divergence Excess Type
Authors: Robertson K M
Published: January 2024

Frequently, children who have a systemic disease which coincides with a very high incidence of visual anomalies are considered untreatable. This article describes the visual therapy given to a 10 year old child with cerebral palsy and the apparent success of the treatment.