bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instituirea măsurii asigurătorii a sechestrului în cazul infracțiunilor reglementate de Legea nr. 241/2005 pentru prevenirea și combaterea evaziunii fiscale. Opinie privind problema de drept ce a condus la pronunțarea Deciziei HP nr. 44/2022 în materie penală
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, GHERGHINA Simona , TRANDAFIR Andra-Roxana ,   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, ENE Marilena ,   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București
Published: January 2025

"Having as a starting point a question addressed to the High Court of Cassation and Justice within the procedure provided by art. 475 et seq. of the Romanian Criminal Procedure Code, the paper analyses the way in which art. 249 par. 5 of the Romanian Criminal Procedure Code is applied in the field of freezing orders in case of tax dodging criminal offences, provided by Law no. 241/2005, more precisely it aims to see whether the „loss”
refered to in art. 249 par. 5 of the Criminal Procedure Code includes only the effective loss (calculation base) or also the accessory duties (interests and penalties). Briefly, the paper mentiones that the freezing orders within the criminal trial can guarantee everything that can be granted when solving the civil action joint to the criminal action; there is a perfect overlap between the „loss” provided by art. 249 par. 5 of the Criminal Procedure Code and the „loss” used by art. 19 of the Criminal Procedure Code, but there is only a partial overlap with the „loss” provided by Law no. 241/2005."
Principiul previzibilității legii în contextul deciziilor Curții Constituționale nr. 297/2018 și nr. 358/2022
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, PINTILIE Constantin
Published: January 2025

The article analyses the decisions of the Constitutional Court no. 297/2018 and no. 358/2022 and highlights two dimensions of the principle of foreseeability that were applied by the Constitutional Court, each with different consequences on the normative system. Proposing a global analysis from the angle of the legal system, the article shows that there are certain deficiencies in the method used by the Constitutional Court in Decision no. 358/2022 and which calls into question the usefulness of finding the unconstitutionality of a "legislative solution". Finally, the article highlights that the rigidity of the solution in Decision no. 358/2022 has as a possible cause the reluctance that the Constitutional Court shows towards the collaboration with the regular courts to reduce the tensions between a norm and the constitutional provisions within a normative system.
Aplicarea articolului 110 alineatul (4) din Constituția României. Competența unui Guvern demisionar de a adopta sau a propune acte cu putere de lege
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, IANCU Teodor-Radu
Published: January 2025

In the context of the unanimous doctrinal interpretation according to which article 110 paragraph (4) of the Constitution of Romania must be read in the sense that the competence of a resigning Government of Romania is limited exclusively to the adoption of government decisions, this article aims to analyse the evolution of the regulation, to expose the points of view expressed over time about the notion of administration of public affairs and to propose a different key to its interpretation, closer, from our perspective, to the intention of the constituent legislator, in the sense that the resigning Government may adopt emergency ordinances and (simple) ordinances and may draft laws, under constitutional provisions.
Quelques observations sur la Directive no. 2019/2121 clarifiant la situation des sociétés migrantes dans l’Union européenne
Authors:   Faculté de Droit, Université de Bucarest, DIMOFTE Ana-Maria
Published: January 2025

The companies registered in a Member State benefit from the freedom of establishment. The application of the articles 49 and 54 TFUE offers this prerogative. Thus, they can decide to establish in another Member State and do business there. In the last years, the companies governed by the law of a Member State began to be more and more active throughout the entire Union. This was the moment when the transfer of the statutory seat and, sometimes, the change of the lex societatis, began to become much more attractive. The interior market favoured this phenomenon and not only conferred legitimacy to it, but established the means in order to ensure its effectiveness. The caselaw of the Court of Justice is abundant in the matter of transfer of statutory seat and is oriented towards the extension of the freedom of establishment. Nevertheless, given the growing need for clarity and transparency, as for a coherent and predictable framework, a new directive was adopted in the EU, a directive aiming to organise the national laws in matter of transfer of companies from one State to another – it is the Directive no. 2019/2021 adopted on 27th of November 2019.
Interesul pozitiv și interesul negativ: măsuri distincte ale despăgubirilor în materia evicțiunii
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, DIACONIȚĂ Vladimir
Published: January 2025

This article aims to outline the extent of damages experienced by the evicted buyer that are reparable through liability and are not expressly regulated by art. 1.701 par. (3) and art. 1.702 C. civ. Unregulated value increases, the situation of certain fruits of the purchased asset, and opportunity cost, for example, are taken into account. We will conclude that the measure varies depending on the buyer's choice to maintain or terminate the contract. In the case of contract termination, the measure of damages is determined by the negative interest. If the buyer chooses to maintain the contract, the measure of damages is determined by the positive interest
Inaplicabilitatea art. 1 alin. (6) din Legea contenciosului administrativ în cazul actelor administrative cu caracter normative
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, CIOBANU Alexandru-Sorin
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes a problem with which the Panel for Preliminary Ruling on Questions of Law from the High Court of Cassation and Justice was entrusted: the possibility of public authorities to ask the court to annul their own normative administrative acts, based on art. 1 paragraph (6) from the Law on Administrative Litigation no. 554/2004, a text that prevents the revocation of acts that entered the civil circuit. The proposed interpretation (retained also by the High Court through Decision No. 74 of November 20, 2023) is that the norm in question does not apply to normative administrative acts, but only to individual ones, since: normative acts are, without exception, revocable; because it produces ex nunc effects, the revocation of a normative administrative act is legitimate and does not affect the legal relations already consummated; the requirement of "entering the civil circuit" does not refer to normative acts, but to individual acts that can generate concrete legal effects and subjective rights protected by the principle of legal security and that of the protection of legitimate trust.
Considerente cu privire la posibilitatea anulării testamentului autentic în cazul în care testatorul nu a avut discernământ la momentul autentificării actului
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, COFARU Ionuț
Published: January 2025

In the present study the author analyzes the possibility to annul a notary authenticated will in the scenario in which the testator had an impaired judgment when such a will was authenticated. In order to reach a conclusion on this, the author presents the main elements that are to be considered when one analyses the existence of judgment condition. Also, the author analyses in the study the extent to which, when authenticating the act, the public notary also checks whether the testator has an unimpaired judgment, the main legal provisions that relate to this matter and the manner in which the national courts apply such provisions being addressed in the paper. Finally, the conclusions reached by the author with respect to the analysed matter are presented in the final part of the study.
The applicability of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights in disputes concerning taxes
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, LAZĂR George-Alexandru
Published: January 2025

This article approaches the rather thorny issue of the applicability of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights in tax proceedings. While in the early days of the Convention tax issues were absent from the caselaw of the European Court of Human Rights, from the 1980s this became a recurrent issue for the Court. In the first part of the paper I will deal with the earlier development of the applicability of Article 6 under its civil head. Then, I will address the caselaw of the Grand Chamber in the cases of Ferrazzini v. Italy and Jussila v. Finland, as well as the objections to these decisions and the dissenting opinions in the cases. Since article 6 under its civil head is not applicable to tax proceedings, in the second part of the paper I will analyse the other articles in the Convention which provide a basis for hearing tax-related cases. These include Article 6 in its criminal limb, Article 1 Protocol no. 1 to the Convention, alone and in conjunction with Article 13 of the Convention. Finally, I will address the inconsistency in the Court’s caselaw and possible reasons why it has not yet decided to remedy them.
Despre nevoia unei abordări coerente în materia măsurilor asigurătorii dispuse în procesul penal. 18 propuneri de modificare a Codului de procedură penală
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, TRANDAFIR Andra-Roxana , GHERGHE Vicențiu-Răzvan ,   PICCJ
Published: January 2025

The article analyses the main problems raised by the legal texts on precautionary measures established during criminal proceedings in order to propose, where necessary, the necessary legislative amendments. The proposals for amendments are based on the scope of these measures and the effects they have on the assets of the persons to whom they relate. Therefore, the paper analyses the need for modifications concerning the general conditions for taking precautionary measures, challenging precautionary measures, periodic review of measures and requests for their lifting. Particular attention is paid to the need to regulate a procedure for adapting precautionary measures, which currently poses many problems in judicial practice.
Previzibilitatea noţiunii de „măsuri de prevedere” în cazul infracţiunilor de ucidere din culpă şi vătămare corporală din culpă
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, DINU Valentina
Published: January 2025

This article aims to analyze to what extent the notion of precautionary measures is nevertheless a predictable one in the context in which this aspect has been discussed countless times in the form of invoking some exceptions of unconstitutionality that were rejected by the Constitutional Court. Especially in the context of the Decisions of the Constitutional Court no. 405/2016 regarding the crime of abuse of office, respectively no. 518/2017 regarding the crime of negligence in the service, the question arises whether the defendants can be sentenced in compliance with the constitutional provisions for the aggravated version of the so-called "professional fault" if they have violated provisions contained in norms below the law, contained even in files of post, internal order regulations, various ministerial orders or Government decisions.
Les règles juridiques applicables au clergé militaire
Authors:   Collège juridique d'études européennes - Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, POPESCU Corneliu-Liviu
Published: January 2025

In the current political and constitutional system, the military clergy is a legal institution governed successively by a government ordinance, then by a law, adopted at almost the same time, resulting in the need for systematic interpretation of both legislative sources. Primary rules are developed by administrative regulations at governmental and ministerial level, but the hierarchy of these secondary and tertiary sources does not always correspond to the importance of the matter governed.
"Est modus in rebus: imperative constituționale aplicabile pentru reglementarea căilor de atac în contenciosului administrativ"
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, PINTILIE Constantin
Published: January 2025

This paper raises the question of whether there are certain constitutional limits that the legislator must respect when regulating in the field of appeals, in the matter of administrative litigation. From the analysis of the relevant constitutional norms and the case-law of the Constitutional Court, the conclusion is that the measure of repealing the right of appeal in this matter must be subjected to a strict test of proportionality.
Un deceniu de „hărțuire” a Codului penal
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, CIOCLEI Valerian
Published: January 2025

Since its entry into force, numerous normative acts (laws and emergency ordinances) have affected the letter and spirit of the original version of the current Criminal Code. I have written every time about the legislative errors that I have found over the last ten years, sometimes drawing attention to them right from the project phase, in the hope (in vain, by the way) that they will be avoided. As all my views on this subject are published and can be consulted, I do not (nor would it be possible) to return to them in detail in this context. I will make a selection of the main shortcomings created by the legislator of the Criminal Code, dividing them into two categories: errors regarding the substance of the norm (I) and errors regarding the normative process (II).
Infracțiunile de viol săvârșit asupra unui minor și agresiune sexuală săvârșită asupra unui minor – comentarii „necritice”. Încadrarea juridică a faptelor și stabilirea sancțiunilor penale
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, IOAN George-Cristian
Published: January 2025

The changes brought to the legal framework governing the protection of sexual freedom and integrity, particularly regarding child victims, introduced by Law no. 217/2023, have attracted a wave of criticism from legal scholars. In this context, even if most of these criticisms are obviously well founded, until they are eventually assimilated by the legislator, judicial authorities will have to properly establish the legal characterisation of facts and determine the applicable sanctions accordingly. Thus, we propose an "uncritical” commentary, in which we take the legal texts "as they are" and set out some practical solutions to issues which we believe will generate controversy in practice. In the article, we will first of all point out that the judicial authorities will still have to establish the existence or non-existence of the minor's discernment, and that the approach which, under the legislation in force until 01.01.2024, was taken to establish the legal characterisation of the act as rape/sexual assault or as sexual act with a minor/sexual corruption of minors, will be made to correctly establish the variant of the offence of rape committed against a minor/sexual assault committed against a minor. Secondly, we will analyse the implications of the fact that the legislator did not establish a penalty for the offence provided for in Art. 2181 para. (11) but referred to the provisions of Art. 114 of the Criminal Code, both in terms of determining the applicable penalty for the perpetrator and the participants. Thirdly, we will analyse the new offence regulated by Article 2192 of the Criminal Code and its relationship with participation in the offences provided for in Articles 2181 and 2191 of the Criminal Code. We will analyse the provisions of the grounds for non-punishment provided by Law 217/2023 and their implications for establishing the milder law. Finally, we propose a table to facilitate the establishment of the relationship between the variants of the offences and the milder law.
Supplementary Material for Unexpected Capability of Homeostasis for Open-ended Learning
Authors: Yoshida Naoto , Kuniyoshi Yasuo
Published: January 2025

(Abstract of Main Text) The ability of animals to continuously acquire skills in their environment is still a mysterious and amazing form of intelligence. All skills necessary for survival are integrated into a single agent, and these are constructed solely from the agent’s internal motivation. In this way, is it possible to enable continual acquisition of behaviors in autonomous agents that learn behavior based solely on bodily information and motivation? This research provides a positive answer to this question by demonstrating the surprising ability to acquire behavior that is inherent in home- ostatic reinforcement learning (homeostatic RL), a bio-inspired method proposed in computational neuroscience. Homeostatic RL focuses on the rich dynamics resulting from the coupling of the environment and the internal dynamics of the body, which are usually ignored in regular RL. This allows the agent to exhibit a variety of emergent abilities, despite the seemingly simple error minimization problem for the internal state of the body (home- ostasis). In this study, we apply homeostatic RL to the Crafter, an open-ended environment in deep RL, and show that the agent can acquire various survival skills such as foraging and water collection, as well as attacking enemies and building shelters, in an integrated manner with the aim of maintaining homeostasis within the body. As a contribution of this research, these results demonstrate the potential of autonomous learning agents to acquire emergent and integrated behaviors by focusing on the existence of the body and its survival. The code are available from https://github.com/ugo-nama-kun/openended homeostatic rl.
Supernatural Powers in Rural Fiji: Traditional Knowledge of the Metaphysical and Mundane
Authors: Senanayake Rebekah
Published: January 2025

Current literature on the transmission of knowledge focuses on transmission between human-to-human agents. Yet, various indigenous groups attribute agency and personhood onto the natural world. More-than-human agents, including supernatural agents, are perceived to play important roles in the transmission of knowledge pertaining to human development. The present study focuses on the role of more-than-human agents in the transmission of knowledge and agency attributed to the natural world. The participants are from Yasawa Island, Fiji (n = 40). Seventy-six interview questions on the powers of the chief, sorcery, borisi (anger which causes misfortune), traditional medicine, and folk sayings were investigated through thematic analysis. The major themes that arose were: powers acquisition, supernatural agent behaviour, agency and traditional medicine. My findings suggest that supernatural, more-than-human agents, are responsible for the transmission of powers. The Christian God is perceived to be responsible for the transmission of powers of the chief (sau) whereas the Local God is perceived to be associated with powers of sorcery (sau sau). The natural world is also perceived as an informant for everyday life. Results examine the influence of introduced religion and the role of supernatural agents in the transmission of values and cultural norms.
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Authors: call mark
Published: January 2025

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Development and Testing of Compact Electronic Modules for Detectors Based on SiPM array
Authors: Akbarov Ramil , Sabuhi  , Tyutyunnikov Sergey , Kucera Patrik , Holik Michael
Published: January 2025

BackgroundCompact electronic modules are essential for modern detector systems utilizing Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays due to their small size, low power consumption, and high precision. To address the growing demand for portable and efficient detection systems, the development of modules tailored for such applications has become a critical focus. This study introduces compact electronic modules designed for detectors based on MAPD (Microcell Avalanche Photodiode) arrays, aiming to improve reliability and versatility for industrial, medical, and scientific applications.MethodsThe developed modules include two primary components:DC-DC Voltage Converter: Based on the MAX1932ETC chip.Converts a 5 V input to a stable output voltage adjustable between 30 and 90 V.Supports a maximum current of 2.5 mA, ensuring reliable operation for SiPM arrays.Signal Amplification Unit: Utilizes the LTC6268 chip.Processes input signals ranging from 10 to 75 mV.Offers a gain factor of 45, characterized by low noise and high precision.The modules were integrated with a scintillation detector comprising a MAPD-3NM-II photodiode array and an LFs scintillator. Performance testing was conducted using a Cs-137 gamma source.ResultsThe energy resolution of the detector system was evaluated using the 662 keV gamma line from the Cs-137 source. The modules achieved an energy resolution of 10 ± 0.5%, demonstrating high reliability and efficiency. This performance confirms the modules’ capability to maintain stable operation and precise signal processing under real-world conditions.ConclusionsThe developed compact electronic modules provide a cost-effective and efficient solution for detectors utilizing SiPM arrays. Their stable voltage conversion, low-noise signal amplification, and high energy resolution make them suitable for a wide range of applications in industrial, medical, and scientific fields. Future work may focus on optimizing the modules for broader voltage ranges and compatibility with different scintillator materials to expand their applicability.
Mental Health Study of the Top-ranked Private University Students in Bangladesh during the Early Days of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shoeb Zahid Hossain , Ushoshee Zareen Subah
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate mental health as a social issue among the Health and Life Sciences undergraduate students of North South University (NSU) during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. As social issues, depression and anxiety were the primary concerns to study. A standardized online questionnaire regarding the social and demographic status and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression were utilized for the present study. The link was shared through several social media groups of NSU. A total of 264 students took part in the study. Among the respondents, 159 were female, and 105 were male. Besides, 48 participants (18.2%) were in a state of severe depression, and 75 (28.4%) were in a state of severe anxiety. It is anticipated that the university authority should identify and prevent mental health problems among students more effectively. As very few studies have been conducted on this issue of mental health concerning social issues in Bangladesh to cover private universities during the early days of the pandemic, this study may work as one of the initial investigations to trigger more in-depth research.
Women’s Participation in Entrepreneurship from an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Haque Muhammad Faizul , Rahman Zainatul Shuhaida Abdull , Khairunnassa Mst , Sarker Atiqur Rahman , Kabir Sardar Md Humayun
Published: January 2025

Decades-long efforts of the international community have reduced gender disparities in education, health and the labor market, but there still remains substantial gender inequality in many social aspects represented by discriminatory practices and laws based on conventional concepts and rules of fixed gender roles. Specially, the environment surrounding women has become severe in the world due to conflicts, terror attacks, infectious diseases, climate change and natural disasters. Development policy for ensuring gender equality and greater roles of women in development and social innovation is required in response to such changes in the environment and for newly arising challenges in promoting development. Despite some visible achievements in entrepreneurship developments, there are still many challenges ahead for women entrepreneurs' smooth development. On the other hand, Islam emphasis on the establishment of humankind's due rights given by Almighty Allah (s. w. t) in order to enjoy a quality of life for all. The present paper aims to highlights both conventional and Islamic perspectives on women’s participation in entrepreneurial sectors. Subsequently, it attempts to study the obstacles that impede women’s participation in entrepreneurship sectors. Lastly, the paper discusses the benefits of women’s involvement in entrepreneurship and how it contributes to foster the global economy and societal development.
Something old and something older – Bias and the self-correcting nature of scientific publications
Authors: Brophy James M
Published: January 2025

Bias is an ever-present concern in observational medical research and has generally beenclassified within the trichotomy of selection bias, misclassification and confounding. Moststudies do acknowledge potential confounding, but larger less transparent biases areselection and misclassification. There is also a perception that science is self-correcting. Acase example is provided where these biases have remained uncorrected with possiblelarge pernicious effects.
The influence of pre-eruptive reservoir conditions on peralkaline magma explosivity: Case for the Rungwe Pumice (Tanzania) Plinian eruption
Authors: Cappelli Lorenzo , Wallace Paul , Mbede Evelyne , Kwelwa Shimba , Abdallah Edista , Ernst Gerald , Fontijn Karen
Published: January 2025

The style and explosivity of volcanic eruptions are primarily influenced by interrelated factors: conduit dynamics (such as magma ascent rate and degassing efficiency) and pre-eruptive magmatic conditions, both of which control the magma's rheological behaviour. In the case of highly alkaline magmas (i.e., agpaitic index > 1), the depolymerisation of silica bonds exerted by alkaline elements promotes a relatively low-viscosity rheological response for a given temperature and therefore theoretically less explosive eruptive behaviour, even for silica-rich magmas. However, several well-studied eruptions show that peralkaline magmas (e.g., trachytes or phonolites) can experience highly explosive Plinian events, suggesting other parameters influence eruption style. In the East African Rift, several such volcanoes with peralkaline magma compositions have erupted both explosively and effusively in the past. We investigated the pre-eruptive magmatic system of the Plinian eruption that produced the Rungwe Pumice (RP) deposit in southern Tanzania. The late chemical evolution of the plumbing system was modelled by analysing haüyne-hosted melt inclusions (MIs) which suggests that an evolved magmatic body of deeper origin was stored at shallow depths shortly before the eruption. Water concentrations in the MIs, measured using transmitted Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, revealed water-poor conditions (e.g., 2-3 wt.%) and shallow depths (2-5 km). Thus, volatile concentration alone is not sufficient to explain the explosive behaviour, but the degree of water undersaturation and conduit dynamics must also be considered.
Eksistensi Bahasa Indonesia di Kalangan Masyarakat Petani di Kecamatan Mondokan, Kabupaten Sragen
Authors: Sa'adah istiqomatus
Published: January 2025

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Postpartum Depression and Maternal-Infant Bonding Experiences in Social Media Videos: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Sobowale Kunmi , Castleman Jamie Sarah , Zhao Sophia Yingruo
Published: January 2025

Background: While the negative effects of postpartum depression on maternal-infant bonding are well-documented, our understanding of how it exerts these effects remains incomplete. A better understanding of how maternal postpartum depression affects bonding can enable clinicians to better identify and support mothers with difficulties bonding with their children.Objective: To describe the bonding experiences of mothers with postpartum depression through analysis of short-form videos and user engagement.Methods: We collected publicly available highly-viewed TikTok videos using hashtags associated with postpartum depression and associated engagement metrics in May 2023. After manual screening, we extracted 533 videos related to the mother-infant bond, from which we analyzed a random subset of 159 videos. We abstracted from categories videos using a hybrid deductive and inductive approach. Negative binomial regression models of video likes, views, shares, and comment count were used with content categories and the creator’s numbers of followers as independent variables.Results: Abstraction of content from mother-infant bond videos resulted in six categories: (1) Navigating anxiety and anger; (2) Creating physical and emotional boundaries; (3) Overwhelmed by demands of caregiving; (4) Subverted expectations; (5) Enduring and finding strength through the challenge of postpartum depression; and (6) Can’t remember early life. Subverted expectations and Navigating anxiety and anger categories were associated with increased views (rate ratio [RR] 1.72, 95% CI 1.22-2.43; RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.09-2.38), likes (RR 3.61, 95% CI 2.55-5.11; RR 3.96, 95% CI 2.69-5.85), shares (RR 2.95, 95% CI 2.09-4.18; RR 2.45, 95% CI 1.66-3.61), and comments (RR 2.78, 95% CI 1.97-3.94; RR 1.89, 95% CI 1.28-2.79), respectively. Sensitivity analysis with creators with fewer followers mostly aligned with these results.Conclusions: This qualitative content analysis of short-form videos identified specific ways postpartum depression impacts the mother-infant bond, highlighting strategies for clinicians to support bonding. Analysis of engagement metrics further demonstrated the types of experiences that most resonate with viewers. Our findings demonstrate the potential of this qualitative method to augment understanding of lived experiences.
Investigating complex dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in the Cyberball game: a trial-by-trial computational approach
Authors: Ossola Paolo , Telari Alessia , De Panfilis Chiara , Pancani Luca , Pulcu Erdem , Riva Paolo
Published: January 2025

Objective. While the detrimental outcomes experienced by the victims of unambiguous ostracism have been extensively investigated, the reactions to asymmetrical behavioural repertoires of social inclusion and exclusion are not fully clarified yet. Here, we evaluated how individuals react to others in a Cyberball experiment based on the perception of others’ differential inclusionary behaviour toward them and whether this response pattern varied as a function of their prosocial attitudes. Method. We adopted two Cyberball conditions toward this aim: partial ostracism and partial over-inclusion. In these asymmetrical conditions, the behaviour of one of the co-players is programmed to interact inclusively in a balanced manner, while the second co-player is programmed to either exclude (i.e., almost never tossing the ball) or over-include (i.e., almost always tossing the ball) the participant in different task blocks. Results. Across two studies (n=45 and n=106), participants correctly perceived the degree of inclusionary behaviour conveyed by different co-players in each condition and reacted emotionally accordingly. Trial-by-trial analysis revealed that in partial ostracism prosocial participants reciprocated more the inclusive co-player, thereby excluding the ostracising co-player, while individualistic participants did not. Conversely, in the partial over-inclusion condition the participants, irrespective of one’s own prosocial attitudes, did not choose to ostracise a normally including player who maintained a balanced engagement in the game, over a player who displayed an over-inclusive attitude towards the participant. Conclusions. Taken together, our results suggest that prosocial individuals selectively tend to exclude ostracizing –but not fairly including– interaction partners, likely in the attempt to restore the “norm” of social inclusion.
Do reminders of God increase willingness to take risks?
Authors: White Cindel , Dean Chloe , Laurin Kristin
Published: January 2025

Many people, and American Christians in particular, view God as a benevolent protector. Those who believe in God may therefore expect that they can safely engage in potentially risky activities, secure in the knowledge that God will look out for their best interests and ensure good outcomes. Initial experiments supported this hypothesis, but recent attempts to replicate them failed. This unreliable pattern may reflect a false conceptual hypothesis, or an inadequate method: Both the initial reports and the replication attempts used outdated religious priming methods we now know to be ineffective. The present research aimed to clarify the relationship between thinking about God and risk-taking behaviors. A pilot study (N = 264) showed that American Christians do expect that God will protect them during risky activities; moreover, those who hold this expectation more strongly report greater willingness to take risks. This registered report then used a high-powered preregistered experiment to test whether having participants explicitly think about God’s (presumably protective) influence over what happens in their lives increases their willingness to take risks. Results confirmed that American Christian participants were more willing to take non-moral risks when thinking about God, compared to a control condition, d = 0.28, 95% CI [0.12, 0.44], p < .001. This pattern was robust to different exclusion criteria and was consistent across domains of career, recreational, and social risks. By using the most recent and sensitive methods, this study provides a more definitive test of the conceptual hypothesis that thinking about God can influence risk-taking.
Modeling police officers’ deadly force decisions in an immersive shooting simulator
Authors: Pleskac Timothy Joseph , Cesario Joseph , Johnson David Jeffrey , Gagnon Glen
Published: January 2025

We introduce a novel framework to understand how race, suspect behavior, and policing scenario impact police officers' decision to shoot. We report four principle results with a sample of police officers from the Milwaukee Police Department (\textit{N}=659) that illustrate the utility of this framework: (1) policing scenario and suspect behavior played important roles in officers' decisions; (2) the effect of race on shooting errors depended on whether suspects behaved in an antagonistic or nonantagonistic way; (3) cognitive modeling showed this effect of race was not due to initial biases to shoot Black suspects but instead due to differences in how evidence was gathered between Black and White suspects; and (4) no credible effects of race were observed on response times. Exploration of the data suggests that the race effect may, in part, be due to behaviors performed by particular suspects in specific scenarios. This work provides a novel method and analytic approach for understanding how officers integrate multiple pieces of information during the decision to shoot and how these different sources of information can impact the decision in different ways at different stages. We emphasize that the current report cannot answer the broad question of ``Are police in general biased?,'' but instead is a means to study how officers make deadly force decisions in specific policing scenarios. This sets the stage for researchers and practitioners to obtain the data necessary for designing effective training interventions.
The Relationship between Distressing Life Events and Positive and Negative Mental Health
Authors: Döring Antonia , Zhang Xiao Chi , Margraf Jürgen , Woud Marcella Lydia
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Previous research on distressing life events primarily emphasized negative mental health outcomes. However, there has been a growing focus on positive mental health factors in recent times. This study investigated the relationship between distressing life events and positive mental health (PMH), satisfaction with life (SWL), subjective happiness (SH), and depression, anxiety, and stress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales–21; DASS-21). Design and Methods: The sample included N = 426 students who participated in an online study testing protective and risk factors in the context of mental health and reports secondary analyses of these data. Results: Correlational analyses showed that experiencing a distressing life event was linked to lower levels of PMH and SWL, and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Post-hoc group comparisons supported this pattern. Among those who experienced a distressing life event, higher current distress due to the event correlated with lower levels of PMH, SWL, and SH, and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions: This study showed robust correlations between the experience of a distressing life event and levels of both positive and negative mental health. Promoting mental health may thus be an important preventative target in at-risk groups.
The Relationship between Distressing Life Events and Positive and Negative Mental Health
Authors: Woud Marcella Lydia , Döring Antonia , Zhang Xiao Chi , Margraf Jürgen
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Previous research on distressing life events primarily emphasized negative mental health outcomes. However, there has been a growing focus on positive mental health factors in recent times. This study investigated the relationship between distressing life events and positive mental health (PMH), satisfaction with life (SWL), subjective happiness (SH), and depression, anxiety, and stress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales–21; DASS-21). Design and Methods: The sample included N = 426 students who participated in an online study testing protective and risk factors in the context of mental health and reports secondary analyses of these data. Results: Correlational analyses showed that experiencing a distressing life event was linked to lower levels of PMH and SWL, and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Post-hoc group comparisons supported this pattern. Among those who experienced a distressing life event, higher current distress due to the event correlated with lower levels of PMH, SWL, and SH, and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions: This study showed robust correlations between the experience of a distressing life event and levels of both positive and negative mental health. Promoting mental health may thus be an important preventative target in at-risk groups.
Exposure to an Accent Transfers to Speech Production in a Single Shot
Authors: Murphy Timothy Kevin , Holt Lori L. , Nozari Nazbanou
Published: January 2025

Listening to another speaker’s voice can lead to predictable changes in the listener’s own voice. This means that perception can alter production. A key question is whether overt production and its auditory consequences are critical for observing such changes. We answer this question in two experiments (N = 269) by passively exposing participants to speech that carries different acoustic patterns and investigating changes to production. Experiment 1 shows that decreasing the number of productions by an order of magnitude does not decrease the influence of perception on production. Experiment 2 takes this further by demonstrating that perceptual influence manifests on the very first overt production after exposure to new speech regularities. Collectively, these results show that perception can alter production without relying on feedback from overt production and its auditory consequences. This finding, in turn, points strongly to the need for extending current speech production models to include internal simulations.
Beyond tradition: Successful career paths to full professorship
Authors: Kizilirmak Jasmin M. , Steinkampf Lisa-Marie , Buchholz Sandra , Ordemann Jessica
Published: January 2025

German academia has faced a multitude of changes over the last two decades, including new alternative academic pathways to a professorship based on the Anglo-Saxon science system, such as junior or tenure track professorship. Our study investigates the patterns of academic career trajectories to a professorship that have emerged due to these changes. It looks deeper into the relationship between those patterns and determinants of academic success, such as previous career choices, scientific productivity and the chosen scientific field. Using data from the prof*panel (N=660) – a survey of recently appointed full professors in Germany – and sequence-cluster analysis, we find four academic career clusters, three of which are beyond the traditional pathway of Endurance Careers: Efficient Careers, Unconventional Careers and International Careers indicating an institutional change within German academia. Cluster affiliation is mainly related to time-to-tenure, habilitation (second thesis), working abroad and the field of the professorship. Our findings suggest that traditional career paths still play a major role, although the influence of internationalization and novel academic career steps, like junior and tenure-track positions, is growing. Furthermore, less conventional career paths, attract a higher proportion of women and are characterized by international mobility and more diverse professional experiences. The insights of our study underscore the ongoing changes in the landscape of academic careers and highlight both persistent challenges and new opportunities for aspiring professors.
Machine Bias. How do Generative Language Models Answer Opinion Polls?
Authors: Boelaert Julien , Coavoux Samuel , Ollion Etienne , Petev Ivaylo D. , Präg Patrick
Published: January 2025

Generative AI is increasingly presented as a potential substitute for humans, including as research subjects. However, there is no scientific consensus on how closely these in silico clones can emulate survey respondents. While some defend the use of these “synthetic users,” others point toward social biases in the responses provided by Large Language Models (LLMs). In this article, we demonstrate that these critics are right to be wary of using generative AI to emulate respondents, but probably not for the right reasons. Our results show i) that to date, models cannot replace research subjects for opinion or attitudinal research; ii) that they display a strong bias and a low variance on each topic; and iii) that this bias randomly varies from one topic to the next. We label this pattern “machine bias,” a concept we define, and whose consequences for LLM-based research we further explore.
How Far Can Nations be Built through Education? Evidence from the Fundamental British Values Initiative
Authors: Aksoy Ozan , Sonmez Burak
Published: January 2025

In 2014, the United Kingdom’s Department for Education, as part of the government's counterterrorism Prevent strategy, introduced a program requiring schools to teach "Fundamental British Values". The aim was to foster a shared sense of "Britishness" through instilling core values. This initiative has been highly controversial. Yet, no research has systematically assessed its long-term, large-scale impacts. Here we conduct the first such assessment. By analyzing multiple censuses, cross-referencing with high quality survey data, and utilizing three different causal identification methods based on difference-in-differences, we find that overall, the initiative has significantly increased the probability of identifying as British. Yet the effect is heterogeneous. The initiative backfires for Muslims, for whom it reduces identifying as British. We find no effect of the policy on the targeted values. Our study contributes to the debates on education and nationalism, and calls for a more inclusive civic education approach for bridging social divisions and fostering positive and inclusive identities.
Testing versions
Authors: Butler BC
Published: January 2025

Testing versions Testing versions
Diagnóstico de los factores de riesgo psicosocial de una cadena de tiendas de autoservicio
Authors: Duarte Beltrán Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Los factores de riesgo psicosocial que afectan hoy en día a un gran número de empleados han generado nuevas enfermedades mentales, tal como lo señala la Secretaría de Trabajo y Previsión Social. El objetivo de la investigación es identificar y analizar los riesgos psicosociales a los que están expuestos 49 empleados de una cadena de tiendas, aplicando la metodología propuesta por la NOM-035-STPS-2018, en la que se utilizaron tres instrumentos: la Guía de Referencia I, III y V. En el análisis de los resultados se destaca que el 27% de los empleados presenta estrés laboral con riesgo muy alto, el 30% con riesgo alto, el 20% con riesgo medio, el 14% con riesgo bajo y el 9% sin riesgo. Debido a la baja satisfacción laboral, los colaboradores tienden a renunciar en busca de un entorno saludable y positivo. El desarrollo de estrategias a favor de la salud física y mental de los empleados se enfoca en promover un entorno organizacional favorable, considerando un plan de carrera próspero, incluyente y equitativo para el trabajador.
On Φ-Recurrent Lorentzian α-Sasakian manifold with Semi Symmetric Non metric Connection
Authors: Prasad Kripa Sindhu
Published: January 2025

The present work deals with the study of Φ-recurrent Lorentzian α-Sasakian manifold with semi-symmetric non metric connection.
Status of Corporate Social Responsibility in Commercial Bank of Nepal with reference to Prabhu Bank Limited
Authors: Dwibedi Lalan
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to assess the status and practices of CSR and to find out whether the commercial banks perform the CSR activities as per their capability or not by investigating why companies engage in CSR and how CSR can affect financial performance and employee motivation. This study follows exploratory and descriptive research design. Primary data are collected through the structured questionnaires. Prabhu bank Ltd is taken as the case study out of total commercial bank. It was found that all the respondents were very positive and energized by the CSR activities provided by the Bank. Majority of the respondents’ views that CSR activities has the positive relationship with employee motivation and could positively contribute to the financial performance of the company as it increases the good image and goodwill of the organization. Education program, health facilities and environment protection activities are taken as important desired CSR factor by the respondents. In Nepalese context the organization should shifted their priorities from earning more profit to give priorities to CSR activities and flourish their business.
A Case Study of Solid Waste Management Practices of Hetauda Sub Metropolitan City: Situations, Prosperities, and Challenges
Authors: Sah Kanu Birendra Prasad
Published: January 2025

The study revealed that women played major role in waste production. The main reason behind this can be the patriarchal thinking of society. Women are more involved in household works by their nature. The migration rate is rapidly increasing since last 5 years. The 40 percent of people migrated in this municipality within last 10 years which has directly influenced on the quantity of wastes. The majority of the houses in this municipality are non-concrete and semi-concrete. One third of houses are tiled, tin roofed or thatched roofed. All these structures highlight the condition of municipality. But most of these houses composed of developed, modern and trench toilet. Now, the dwellers of Hetauda have access to every kind of modern technologies. The most accessible technology is mobile. The use of coal, wooden dust, and firewood is also in the same ratio of cooking gas which verified the town is still in the stage of semi[1]urbanization. The lack of governmental or municipality level policy, and lack of institutional accountability has created more problem in waste management. The lack of separate act on waste management has created challenge to waste management system.