bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the connections between the cdio framework and challenge-based learning
Authors: Gunnarsson Svante , Swartz Maria
Published: March 2023

Challenge-based learning (CBL) is a learning approach that has received increased attention during the last years. In some of the publications about CBL the connections to the CDIO (conceive-design-implement-operate) framework is discussed, and the purpose of this paper is to discuss these connections further. CBL has connections to both Problem-based learning (PBL) and Project-based learning (PjBL), but while these are learning approaches, the CDIO framework has a program perspective, including aspects of learning approaches, and hence a wider scope. The connections and differences between CBL and CDIO are discussed based on the components of the CDIO Standards.
What works (and what does not) to incorporate ethics as a cross curricular competence?
Authors: Giménez Carbó Esther , Gómez-Martín M. , Andrés Doménech Ignacio
Published: March 2023

In 2013, an ambitious plan was implemented at Universitat Politècnica de València aiming at ensuring that all graduates achieved a set of 13 transversal competences which would make them excellent graduates not only from a technical point of view, but also beyond. One of these competences in which we want to train and assess our students is "ethical, environmental and professional responsibility". This paper presents the study carried out to check whether this objective is achieved or not for graduates from six different degrees taught at UPV. To this end, we analysed activities developed within each Bachelor degree curriculum, studying the suitability of each activity to the level of knowledge required in each course. We also analysed the perception of students and lecturers in charge of incorporating this transversal content within their subjects. In view of the results obtained, "good practices" are proposed, indicating the activities carried out which have succeeded in increasing the students' training and knowledge related to this topic. Activities, which, despite being carried out for a certain purpose, do not manage to work on and assess this cross curricular competence, are discussed.
Challenge-based learning curriculum development: a suitable framework for engineering education
Authors: Gómez Puente Sonia María , Doulougeri Karolina
Published: March 2023

Collaborative learning communities are becoming popular in engineering education. The department of Industrial Design at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) has almost 20 years of experience in the organization of small-scale and challengebased education (CBL). In Industrial Design, students work in ‘collaborative communities’ called ‘squads’ that share an interest in specific application domains. Within the squads, vertical learning takes place and students from different bachelor and master years exchange experiences and learn together in a learning community while solving open-ended societal challenges. The purpose of the research was to map the characteristics of two ID squads ( for the purpose of this study we will name the squads Vitality and Crafting Everyday Soft Things (CEST), and study the educational elements influencing students’ learning. In nature, the two squads share the same educational principles, however, the differ in the organization of education and the level guidance provided, decreasing, to some extent, the open-endedness characteristics of CBL. To conduct the study, we used the constructive alignment as a research framework to map the alignment between vision, teaching and learning activities and assessment of the squads. Results show alignment of the Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) with teaching and learning activities, and assessment in the two squads. The analysis draws attention to the similarities and differences between the two squads, specially in the manner of structuring learning. Finally, the suitability of the framework to analyse the CBL curriculum in engineering education contexts is demonstrated. This research opens up opportunities for future studies to investigate learning in small communities.
In the search for the future engineer: the EELISA disciplinary broadening workshop experience
Authors: Gorgul Emine , Erden Hamza
Published: March 2023

The emerging adhocracy of sustainability in every field of life, do also claims its legacy in the field of education, particularly in the discipline of engineering. Institutions necessitate to adapt their curriculums to the possible changes so that the engineers of the future are ready to address interdisciplinary and evolving challenges in their careers. As a European University Alliance aiming to define and implement a European engineering model, EELISA project has a dedicated work package to explore and propose various approaches to address this challenge by deploying disciplinary broadening workshops. This paper scrutinizes the initial outputs of the first full-day workshop organized by three partner universities of the alliance under the theme of “Cities and Communities” in October 2021, and opens it to a broader discussion. This paper is structured in four parts while deploying qualitative research methods to analyze the collected data. Initially, it expresses the role of EELISA University, the state-of-the-art skills of today’s engineers and the challenges for enriching them to materialize the vision of European engineering, including bridging and expanding disciplinary domains. The second part explains the workshop structure that was organized under four interdisciplinary subtopics related to the theme to increase the involvement of various engineering and non-engineering academics and professionals. Then the workshop outputs, the participants’ brainstorms about the skills, competences, proposals to overcome challenges and barriers are conveyed. The final part summarizes the workshop results and introduces valuable inputs to the search for the European engineer profile and the roadmap of the EELISA.
Analysis Ideational Metafunction In Recount Text At SMAN 1 Panai Hilir Labuhanbatu, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Madya Ramadhani  , Joyce Kezia Nainggolan  , Delfia Magdalena Sitompul
Published: March 2023

This study aims to test the most common ideational metaph function in the composition of the student recount text downstream of SMA Negeri 1. The purpose of this study is to characterize the conditions and dominant processes that arise in the text of the story again. The research design used by the author is a qualitative descriptive technique. Through the preparation of recount text by students, data are analyzed and collected. Ten manuscripts are examined and categorized. Researchers examine recount writing using transitivity analysis as a tool. Data analysis reveals that the material process is the most common type of process in writing recount. It appears 66 times (or 40%) in student writing about account papers. It refers to procedures, actions, physical matters, or both. The results of this study are dominantly present in the recount text is one of the time, which provides information about actions and periods by answering the question "where, when, and how".
Sosialisasi Permainan Sudoku pada Pembelajaran Matematika untuk Siswa SMP Negeri 8 Padang
Authors: Deby Erdriani  , Dewi Devita  , Laila Marhayati
Published: March 2023

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) is a form of the Tridharma of Higher Education. This PKM is proposed to carry out socialization and educational activities at SMP Negeri 8 Padang. This community service was made with the aim of increasing students' interest and motivation and enthusiasm for mathematics, creating a new atmosphere in learning mathematics and providing information to students that mathematics can also be used as a game to sharpen the brain and abilities. This service uses a math game, sudoku. In practice we will use active and cooperative learning methods, where students will be actively involved by providing opportunities for them to explore, solve problems both individually and in groups.
Utilization of NKX3.1, P501S, Prostate-Specific Antigen, and Steroidogenic Factor 1 to Distinguish Malignant Leydig Cell Tumor From Metastatic Prostatic Adenocarcinoma to the Testis
Authors: Erak Eric , Ulbright Thomas M. , Epstein Jonathan
Published: March 2023

Context.—

A recent study demonstrated that NKX3.1-positive staining can uncommonly be seen in testicular Sertoli cell tumors (1 of 4 cases). Also, it was reported that 2 of 3 Leydig cell tumors of the testis showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining for P501S, although it was unclear whether it was specific granular staining that defines true positivity. However, Sertoli cell tumors do not typically pose a diagnostic dilemma with metastatic prostate carcinoma to the testis. In contrast, malignant Leydig cell tumors, which are exceedingly rare, can closely resemble Gleason score 5 + 5 = 10 prostatic adenocarcinoma metastatic to the testis.

Objective.—

To evaluate the expression of prostate markers in malignant Leydig cell tumors and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) in high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma, as no data are currently published on these topics.

Design.—

Fifteen cases of malignant Leydig cell tumor were collected from 2 large genitourinary pathology consult services in the United States from 1991 to 2019.

Results.—

All 15 cases were negative immunohistochemically for NKX3.1, and all 9 with available additional material were negative for prostate-specific antigen and P501S and positive for SF-1. SF-1 was negative immunohistochemically in a tissue microarray with cases of high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions.—

The diagnosis of malignant Leydig cell tumor and its distinction from metastatic adenocarcinoma to the testis can be made immunohistochemically on the basis of SF-1 positivity and negativity for NKX3.1.
Ա պատվիրակության լիազոր ներկայացուչ Մ. Տամատյանի գործունեությունը Կիլիկիայում 1918-1920 թթ. / The Authorized Representative of the National Delegation M. Tamatyan's Activity in Cilicia in 1918-1920
Authors: Sargsyan Suren T.
Published: March 2023

One of the best periods of the life of M. Tamatyan, a prominent figure in the Armenian national liberation struggle, was the period of his patriotic activity in Cilicia in 1918-1920. The First World War ended with the Armistice of Mudros, after which the French authorities, who seized Cilicia, promised independence to the Armenians who miraculously escaped the genocide and were exiled to the Syrian deserts. Cilician Armenians began to gradually return and equip their native lands. In 1918, M. Tamatyan, as an authorized representative of the National Delegation, arrived in Cilicia and, with his inherent unshakable patriotism, harnessed himself to the difficult task of organizing the life of the local Armenians, rapprochement with the French authorities, ensuring opposition to the ongoing attacks of the Kemalaturk cutthroats and settling other topical issues. Hoping for the support of the French military authorities, Tamatyan even tried to proclaim autonomy in Cilicia. However, the French, reoriented towards Turkey, having forgotten about the promises given to the Armenians, dispersed the newly formed government of Armenians by military force. Disappointed by these realities, Tamatian left Cilicia in an extremely depressed state.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Acanthopagrus latus collected from Iraqi marine waters
Authors: Al-Najare G.A. , Hantoush A.A. , Al-Shammary A.C. , Al- Saad H.T.
Published: March 2023

Concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, cupper, iron, manganese and nickel were determined in four organs (liver, gills, ovaries and muscles) of Acanthopagrus latus, which collected from Iraqi marine waters during the period between November 2010 and October 2011. Heavy metals have been determined by means of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The fish average weight was 61.2 g and the average length was 144 mm. Nickel showed the highest values in liver, gills and muscles during spring (201.19, 190.00 and 148.00 μg/gm dry weight), respectively. While cobalt showed the lower value (1.12 μg/gm dry weights) in the liver and cadmium showed its lower value (1.23 μg/gm dry weights) in the gills during winter. Muscles showed constant levels of heavy metals, it showed the lower values (not detected) during winter. Ovaries showed high levels for all heavy metals during spring, but its value still instable during the other seasons. This study showed that the concentration of heavy metals distributed in the organs was as follows: liver > gills > muscles > ovaries, while the heavy metals concentration had been distributed during the seasons as follow: winter > spring > autumn > summer.
parasitic Protozoans infecting free – living fishes of Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam , Lattakia, Syria
Authors: Salman H. M. , Dayoub A I.
Published: March 2023

The study included 144 fishes in Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam for detecting the infection with parasitic Protozoans, and determine the distribution rate. Fishes were collected randomly once a month, during the period from 22/12/2011 until 22/12/2012. Collected fishes samples were belonged to the following species: Cyprinus carpio L., Varicorhinus damascinus, Garra rufa, Tilapia zillii, and Liza abu. T. zillii was the most prevalent in the lake of 16 Tishreen Dam. The study has shown presence of three species of parasitic Protozoans on the Skin, Fins and Gills continuously. Trichodina sp. was the most distributed one with a rate of (34.03%) then Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (15.97 %) then Chilodonella cyprini ( 2.78 %). The infection rate of T. zillii with parasitic Protozoans was the highest 54.46 %, Trichodina sp. was 42.57 % ( in Summer 62.26 %), and C. cyprini 3.96 %,( in Summer 7.55 %) whereby the infection rate with I. multifiliis was 19.80 %( in Autumn 33.33 %).
Effects of feeding ratio on growth and food conversion rate of common carp Cyprinus carpio reared in floating cages
Authors: Taher Majid Makky , Al-Dubakel Adel Yacob , Saleh Jassim Hameed
Published: March 2023

Effects of feeding ratios (3%, 5% and 7%) on growth and food conversion rate (FCR) of common carp Cyprinus carpio reared in floating cages at Shatt Al-Arab River, Hartha district were studied during a period of 27-4-2010 to 28-6-2010. Statically analysis of results proved that there were significant differences between final weight and length reached by fishes fed on 3% of fish weight and fished fed on 5% and 7% of fish weight. Final weights of fishes were (188, 275.8 and 252.6) g and final lengths were (216.6, 234.6 and 227.2) mm for (3, 5 and 7)% feeding ratio respectively. Better results of growth and FCR obtained from fishes fed 5% of fish weight. Results appeared that FCR values were 4.82, 2.63 and 3.98, daily growth rates were (1.07, 3.16 and 2.78) g/day and specific growth rates were (0.7, 1.85 and 1.71) %/day for fishes fed 3, 5 and 7% of fish weight respectively.
Morphological and Embryological study of the heart development in embryos and larvae of common carp Fish Cyprinus carpio (L.1758).
Authors: Mazyed Zeyad Abdulkadhim
Published: March 2023

The growth and development were Studied of the heart in common carp fishes by using several models of larvae and juvenile during artificial fertilization in the Marine Science Center hatchery of fishes. Temperature incubation at 26c°and the incubation period was 38hr.This study included the morphological and histological sides of the heart development, the primordium of the heart rudiment appeared after (22 hrs) of incubation, gradually the heart became more differentiated with the advent of ventricle and atrium in addition to the bulbus arteriosus, the histologically of the heart was appeared at age 24,28 hours from incubation as a small undifferentiated tube, while the ventricle was surrounded by two layers of cells. The atrium was surrounded with a single layer with the differentiate bulbus arteriosus, The heart at one day after hatching consist of the main parts , atrium, ventricle, sinus venous and bulbus arteriosus. Heart valves were appeared at the age of (5 – 8) days after hatching, the heart be completed once at the age of 30 days after hatching with the differentiation of the two layers of the mycardium , compact layer and trabacular layer.
Assessment of Water Quality of Shatt al Arab River in north of Basra
Authors: Abbass Roaa H. , Abdul-Hussan Jabbar Kh , Resen Amjed K.
Published: March 2023

The present study was aimed to ecological evolution for the north part of Shatt Al Arab River, by using water quality index (WQI, Canadian Model) because the efficiency of this method to volutes fresh water quality and to determinate the water quality for different uses. This study has been done through the period between December, 2012 to November, 2013; samples were collected monthly during low tide, three stations have been chosen, the first one was near Al Hartha area, the second station was near Al Hartha area and the third station was near Saeed Ali Al Noor Bridge. The present results were showed that water temperature were ranged between 13.8 ºC – 37 ºC and dissolved solids were 100—1670 mg/l, , salinity range were 0.6-2.5 ‰, the range of dissolved oxygen was 5.7-10.7 mg/l, the hardness value was range between 500-1120 mg magnesium ions was 35-93 mg/l, nitrite was 3.5-15 μg nitrogen atom-nitrate/l, the range of phosphate was 0.05-0.5 μg phosphor atom-phosphate /l, phosphorous range was 158-536 mg/l, the range number of faucal bacterial colon was 21-495 CFU/100ml. Water quality index values (WQI) for all study stations, the range was 47-67, these were classified between third (Fair) and fourth (Marginal) categories. Classification of stations was fair for the first station and marginal for the second and third stations.
Mud Crab (Scylla spp.) Aquaculture in the South-West Sundarbans Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Hasanuzzaman Abul Farah Md. , Arafat Shaikh Tareq , Huq Khandaker Anisul
Published: March 2023

Mud crab (Scylla spp.) aquaculture has become an important livelihood option for the coastal fisher-folks in Bangladesh. Mud crabs harvested from wild sources are traditionally fattened in pens installed in tidal rivers, ghers, and earthen ponds in Bangladesh. The study was aimed at understanding the practice and production economics of mud crab farming in the South-West Sundarbans region of Bangladesh, and was conducted in the areas namely Bagerhat, Satkhira and Khulna districts where mud crab fattening are predominately ventured. Most of the farmers fatten both male (lean) and female (gonadally immature) crabs of 100 - 180 g. The crabs are stocked at varying rate (12 - 641 g/m2), and fed at the rate of 8-10% of body weight with trash live fishes, dried fishes, snails, mollusks, and cattle viscera. The fattening for a mean cycle of 22 ± 14.34 days has the survival rate of 55 - 90%, and has the production of 0.065 ± 0.26, 0.084 ± 1.33, and 0.17 ± 3.76 kg/m2 in Bagerhat, Satkhira, and Khulna, respectively. After harvesting (mostly partial), crabs are sold at average price rate of 4.35 ± 0.45 US$/kg. The lowest production cost (3.14 US$/kg) and the better economic return (US$ 147.77) per cycle was recorded in the district of Satkhira. The mud crab fattening has hitherto been evaluated economically feasible in and around the Sundarbans region, but the production and economic efficiency can be scaled up adopting scientifically demonstrated regime of stocking, feeding, and health management. The development of crab seed hatchery, artificial feed for crab, and strongest marketing network are addressed as crux issues for the sustainability of mud crab aquaculture in Bangladesh.
Growth of Barbus xanthopterus(Heckel) Juveniles Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Farnar Khalid William
Published: March 2023

The growth of Barbus xanthopterus (Heckel) juveniles was studied with men primary length and weight 7.96±0.076 cm 37.14±0.032 gm respectively in aquariums under laboratory conditions using artificial diet for a period sixty days, the biological parameters, length, weight, weight increase, relative growth rate, specific growth rate and some environmental parameters were also measured. The environmental parameters was within the ideality limit of Barbus xanthopterus, the results showed the existence of differences in growth rates between fishes in aquariums experience the highest rate for increasing weight recorded for fish in the aquarium B, amounting to 118.4 g, followed by the fishes in the aquarium A and B, amounting to 114.6 and 111.2 g respectively. The study showed that the current fish Barbus xanthopterus is a local fish that can be cultivated because they give great growth encouraging compete with local species other if cultured in appropriate environments and densities because the growth is directly proportional to the temperature, the total values for increasing weight (every 15 days) during the experiment was 0.832and 1.383 and 1.350 and 1.606 g / day.
Review of the validity of scales to estimate age, growth, life history and maturity schedule of Hilsa shad Tenualosa ilisha(Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Almukhtar Mustafa A.
Published: March 2023

This study reviewed the validity of using the scales of Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) and other migratory species as a tool to estimate age, growth, maturity schedule and migration. Hilsa Shad scales were used long ago, and proved in several studies. most of these studies showed that scales could give valuable information, which could be used as benchmarks in the study of fisheries and plans for future successful management policies. Bt it needs Patience and precision for the extraction of these information, because of difficulties in reading these scales. The work need to study the sufficient number of scales and practice, to be easily. As a result, this study will open doors that were closed for decades to set new migration study tools for Hilsa Shad in Iraq.
Site selection for shrimp culture in Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Ghazi Abdulhussein  H. , Ali Malik H. , Al–Noor Sajed S.
Published: March 2023

In this study, several region and sites were investigated for the most appropriate site for shrimp culture in Basrah province/Iraq. An index values based on 8 indicators revealed hat the area located at the East Basrah channel is the best (excellent) for shrimp culture.
Description of medusa shrimp Latreutes anoplonyx Decapoda: Caridea, Hippolytidae) ) Kemp, 1914 in northwest Arabian Gulf
Authors: Al-Maliky Tariq H. Y.
Published: March 2023

Shrimp Latreutes anoplonyx sample were collected from the northwest Arabian Gulf that found symbiotic interaction with the Medusa white Rhizostoma sp.. The diagnostic feature of the species is the present of one tooth on dorsal region of the carapace. The rostrum longer than antennular and flagella. The rostrum in the male is curved to down ward above the eye, while in the female more wider and curved upward. the teeth found on both sides of the rostrum, about 9 – 16 on dorsal side and very high and smooth, while in ventral side they were between 7 – 10 and more distance in the mid and high density in the top. The largest for female was 4 cm in length and the average shrimp lengths were between 1.2 – 4.0 cm.
Hatchery design appropriate for shrimp production in Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Ghazi Abdul-Hussein H. , Al–Noor Sajed S. , Ali Malik H.
Published: March 2023

The present study suggested a medium hatchery design for production of about 8,000,000 larvae / year in Basrah region. All the requirements, such as, water treatment shrimp culture ponds and all tools and equipment are given and discussed
Socioeconomic study for the wealth of marine shrimp in the territorial sea of Iraq
Authors: Ali Malik H. , Ahmed Huda K.
Published: March 2023

The present study was designed to investigate the contribution of shrimp fisheries and the related activities to the economy Iraq. For this purpose a socioeconomic information and data were collected for one year (2014) period. Three marine penaeid shrimps were constituted the majority of shrimp fisheries in Iraqi marine water, these are: Penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus affinis and Parapenaopsis styliferus. University of Basrah institutes basically the Marine Science Center, apparently is the marine institute implemented researches and studies on shrimp landing have been recorded at Al Nasser fishing Society of the Basrah / Faw city. On the other side, the study concluded that any real and accurate data on shrimp landing can be only obtained from fisherman on the fishing boat of the field. In fact the marine fishing area of Iraq is very limited and the investigation shows that there are nearly 150- 250 fishing boats, 450 – 600 fisher man and 70 – 110 fishmonger contributing in the shrimp sector. However, their economy doesn’t restricted on shrimp, but, usually cornering other fish resources.The results revealed that, the increasing of anthropological activities, overfishing, high by catch, the degradation of natural habitats such as coastal mudflats and Marshes and pollution are the basic factors reducing the shrimp stocks. For best monitoring and data collection of the shrimp resources, a networking information and data collection system is provided.
Feeding Behavior of Juvenile Oriental Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Al-Maliky Tariq H. Y. , Ali Malik H. , Hashim Imina A.
Published: March 2023

The feeding behavior experiment showed that the juveniles of Macrobrachium nipponense mostly and frequently occurred on the artificial net covered wall of the experimental tanks and in all other result feeding of juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense was pelagic and benthic during 2 and 24 hour, in three parts of pond (net wall- A, water column- B and bottom-C) on bottom of ponds smooth and sand-clay, also feeding on pallet. Also showed near of found ratio was 80%, 9%, 11% and 73%, 12%, 14% during 2 hour in parts of pond of smooth and sand-clay respectively, but during 24 hour 72%, 12%, 16% and 67%, 12%, 21% in parts of pond of smooth and sand-clay respectively.
Estimation of the Chlorophyll –a and Phaeophytin - a and Their Vertical Distribution in Sediment of the Shatt al-Arab River South Iraq
Authors: Al-Shaheen Maitham A.
Published: March 2023

Current study estimates Chlorophyll – a and Phaeophytin - aand their vertical distributed to a depth ten centimeters in the sediments of Shatt Al-Arab riverfor five stations from Al-Maakal to Fao city for the period from February to November 2013.The upper centimeters, especially the first centimeterwas marked by the highest concentrations of the chlorophyll - apigment in all stations for most of the study period, while the lower values have been recorded in the lower centimeters except for a few exceptions. The highest concentrations of both pigments was in the first station, the highest concentrations of chlorophyll - a 79.833 μg/g during April for the first centimeter, while the highest concentrations of phaeophytin - a 51.706 μg/g during October at first centimeter. The lowest concentrations of chlorophyll –awas in the second station, reaching 0.101 μg/g in April, while the lowest concentrations of Phaeophytin - a0.026 μg/gwas at sixth centimeter during May atfourth station.In general, the first stationwas marked bythe highest concentrations of Chlorophyll – arecorded during whole the study period, while the fifth station had recorded the lowest concentrations.
Studies of Some Physical Properties of the extracted gelatin from Cynoglossus bilineatus skin
Authors: Mohammed Ameer A.
Published: March 2023

The study included extracting of gelatin from the fish`s skin Cynoglossus bilineatus using acid and alkaline pretreatment the chemical analysis of the experiment fishes skin shows that the extracted gelatin was 11.7% for yield, 85.7% for protein, 0.84% for fat , 0.65% for ash and 12.81% moisture. The physical properties of extracted gelatin such as melting point was 25.3 °C, setting points 21.8°C and 112 Sc. While the relatively viscosity was 2.5 cP, the result shows that the extracted gelatin have an ability to gelation in all concentrations, the emulsifying property increased with increasing of the concentration of the sample, the extracted gelatin have a good sensory properties with a pale Yellow color and less fish smell acceptable.
The effect of hormone type and amount of dose on gonadotropin hormones levels in blood plasma of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during artificial spawning processes
Authors: Al Zaidy Faleh, M. , Al-Noor Sajed S. , Jasim Basem M.
Published: March 2023

The study included the utilization of three types of hormones, i.e. LHRH-A2 with dosages of 10, 20 or 30 μg / kg, a mixture of LHRH-A2 with dosages of 10, 20, and 30 μg / kg with Domperidone (DOM) at 5 mg / kg and carp pituitary gland extract (CPE) at 3 and 4 mg / kg, in order to study the effect of hormone type and used dosage on the level of gonadotropins secreted from the pituitary gland of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. females during the artificial fertilization. Concentrations of GTHs (FSH and LH) were measured using ELISA kit on blood samples collected from fish caudal peduncle after 2, 6 and 12 hours of injection with LHRH-A2 and hormone mixture or 2, 6 and 8 hours for fish treated with CPE .Results showed that GTHs levels were low in fish treated with LHRH-A2 for all the utilized dosages LH (4.66 ± 1.27 mIU / mL) or LHRH-A2+ DOM LH (5.22 ± 0.77 mIU / mL). In contrast, GTHs levels in fish treated with CPE at 3 and 4 mg / kg were higher and levels of FSH and LH were higher with 4 mg / kg LH (34.51 ±12.59 mIU/mL) than it with 3 mg / kg,
Semi artificial breeding of white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Ghazi Abdul-Hussein H. , Al–Noor Sajed S. , Ali Malik H.
Published: March 2023

In this study the breeding of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was achieved by two methods; the first was stock breeding to estimate total number of eggs, and the second was individual breeding to recognize the relationship between weight and eggs number. The environmental factors in the hatchery were measured, the averages of water temperature and salinity were recorded to be 31 º C and 32 ppt., respectively, while the dissolved oxygen and pH were 7.5 mg/ l and 8.2 respectively. The results of stock breeding showed that total number of eggs (fecundity) and nauplii produced from 20 ablated females with weight of 35.5 + 3.1 g were 3000000 eggs per spawning and about 2 400000 nauplii respectively. Fertilization rate and hatching rates were 86.5 %, and 78.7 % respectively. The results of individual breeding showed that maximum number of eggs (164000 eggs / female) was achieved in these females that weight 42.0 g, while the minimum were 95000 eggs / female for female weighted 32.5 g. Maximum fertilization rate was 95.2 % in those females with lower weight, while the minimum fertility rate was 77.5 % in those with higher weight.
Physiochemical Properties of Polysaccharides Extracted From green algae Cladophora crispata
Authors: Al-Aumara Suham W. A. , Al-Mossawi Aum–El-Basher H. J. , Al-Ali Rawdah M .A.
Published: March 2023

Extraction of polysaccharides from green algae Cladophora crispata was studied. Algae was collected from Karmat Ali River in Basrah. Polysaccharides was extracted by sodium carbonate Na2CO3 and the properties for it were studied. The result showed that the relative viscosity was increased with the increase of concentration and decrease with the increasing of temperature the highest viscosity was 11.0020 in 30°C and the lowest was 8.0576 in 50 °C. The ability of polysaccharides for water absorbtion and fat binding was noticed that it was increased with the increasing of the concentration, the percentage of polysaccharides solubility was 69.72%, and it was higher than sodium alginate (65.68%). the results also showed decreased of foaming of polysaccharides because of it s high viscosity.
Relationship of Growth Hormone Gene with Some physiological Characteristics of Common carp Cprinus carpio.L
Authors: AL-Azzawy Muath A.N. , Al-Khshali Mohammed S.
Published: March 2023

This study was carried out at Al-Radhwaniyah Fish Reservoir (Baghdad) for the period from 16/9/2016 to 16/2/2017 to investigate the polymorphism of GH Gene and Relationship with glucose, cholesterol, AST, ALT, HDL and LDL in common carp. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in GH gene was analyzed by direct sequencing. Results showed that there was a mutation in the site of G1217T, this SNP was significantly (p<0.05) associated with the concentration of glucose and cholesterol in the blood. Heterozygote genotype (GT) recorded glucose concentration of 79.90 mg / 100ml while wild genotype (GG) 67.27 mg/100ml. Cholesterol reached 147.84 mg / 100 ml in GT genotype and 129.16 mg/100ml in GG genotype. The Results indicated was no significant associated with AST, ALT, HDL and LDL characteristics. The conclusion of this study, the polymorphism of GH gene is possible to adopt as a mark to predict the performance and selection of fish to be parents for future generations.K
On the reproductive biology of the talitrid amphipod Platorchestia monodi (Mateus et al.,1986) from the Shatt Al-Arab region, Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Salman Salman D. , Hamzah H. A. , Ali Malik H.
Published: March 2023

The life history and breeding activity of the supralittoral amphipod, Platorchestia monodi (Mateus et al. 1986) were studied. The amphipods were sampled from the Garmat-Ali region, Basrah, over the period from 26th August 1993-28th January 1995. Random samples were taken on a monthly basis. The amphipods were mostly abundant under drifted aquatic plants (wrack), which were providing food and shelter.Sexual maturity occurred in the males at a size of 5.25 mm and 5.0 mm in the females. Ovigerous females were found throughout the year. Mean egg size (0.75 mm) was increasing during the embryonic development. Mean brood size was ranging from 5-18 ova, and the fecundity was an exponential function of size of female. There was a preponderance of females (1.9:1) over males in the population. The population was polymodal throughout the entire sampling period. The life span of the males was 11-14 months, whereas that of the females was 15 months.
Evaluation of aquaculture of tow marine fish species in the first experimental farm of marine fish farming in Syria
Authors: Badran Mouina M.
Published: March 2023

In the present research, two marine fish species Chelon auratus and Siganus rivulatus were reared using a diet which contains 32 % protein for 14 months in two ponds in Alssen center of researches in Banias city of Tartous Governorate, was evaluated. The fingerlings (3 g) were collected from sea water then they were transported to two ponds (Dimensions 34 length., 5.6 width, 1.5 height meters). Fifteen thousand fingerlings were recorded in each pond. The weights, the hydrological factors, and behavior of fish were controlled. As a result, the weighs of Chelon fingerlings reached to 190 g and 93 g for Siganus, and the FCR was good (2.13, 3.33 for Chelon and Siganus respectively). Fish was quickly adaptive with the new place according to the activity of fish and accept the artificial feed in short time and ability to tolerant the different temperature and Dissolved oxygen levels, this is was clear to the population of Chelon auratus more than Siganus rivulatus.
Seasonal variations in diversity and the relative abundance of Odonata naiads from the temporary pools in Basrah Province-Southern of Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Huda K. , Kareem Dhia K.
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to investigate the monthly changes in the diversity and abundance of Odonata naiad's species for the period from December 2017 to November 2018 from three temporary pools in different areas of Basrah Province, including Abu Gossra-Abu Al-Kassib District (station 1), Al-Masehab- Al-Hartha district (station 2) and Al-Jalal - Al-Madina District (Station 3). Some environmental factors were measured, as water temperatures ranged between (12-38 ° C) while the salinity ranged between (1.2-14 ‰). Ten species of Odonata naiads were recorded, including eight species of Suborder Anisoptera and two species of Suborder Zygoptera. The highest diversity of naiads (9 species) was in St.1 and St.2, and the lowest diversity (8 species) was in St.3. Statistical analysis showed significant effect of environmental factors on the abundance of naiads during sampling period between stations and months. The highest relative abundance was 70% for Crocothemis servilia during January, while the lowest relative abundance was 0.98. % for Diplacodes lefebvrei during April. Environmental indexes of Anisoptera naiads in Basrah showed that their communities are poor in diversity and turbulent, balanced or semi balanced according to the standard values. Jacquard index showed the highest qualitative similarity between St.2 and St.3, and the lowest between St.1 and St.2.
Measuring the concentrations of radon gas 222Rn naturallyemitted from water samples selected from the marshes of Basra Governorate, southern Iraq
Authors: Ali Master A.
Published: March 2023

This study dealt with measuring the concentrations ofradioactive radon gas emitted from (35) water samples takenfrom selected areas of the marshes of Basra Governorate –southern Iraq, to determine the concentrations of the radon gas222Rn emitted from the selected and newborn samples of theradioactive element Radium 226R resulting from the decay ofisotope uranium 238U in (July) 2020. Fast electronic technologyhas been adopted by the RAD7 device. The results showed thatthe highest concentration of radon gas in water was 15.531 ±1.067Bq. L-1in the sample from am alsanadiq of funds in themarshes of Basra city, and the lowest concentration rate was0.034±0.002 Bq. L-1 in a water sample from Qurna among thestudied samples. The effective annual dose of water wascalculated at the highest concentration rate and found to be0.843mSv.y-1 and this value is higher than the internationallyrecommended limits by specialized international organizationsof 0.1 mSv.y-1. In general, it was found that the radon gasconcentrations in some of the water samples selected from themarshes of Basra Governorate–southern Iraq within the studywere higher than the permissible values of 11.1 Bq. L-1 accordingto the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and thatthey may pose a risk to the health of the population in thoseareas in If no necessary action is taken.
Micropropagation of sugarcane Saccharum officinarum Plant via Organogensis callus in vitro
Authors: AL-Arady Haleemah J. , Jasim Abbas M. , Abbas Muayad F.
Published: March 2023

Propagation of sugarcane Saccharum officinarum (L) Plant via in vitro by callus production through the culture of shoot tips on MS medium supplemented by 2,4- D 3 mg/L. Organogenic callus were produced by culturing callus on MS medium contained BA and kinetin at 0.5 mg/L for both of them. Incubation of culture was at 25 c and photoperiod at 16 hr and darkness for 8 hrs. Adventitious shoots were cultured on rooting medium contained MS salts at half concentration and NAA 0.5 mg/L , BA 0.5 mg/L and incubated for 8 weeks. Then plantlets were produced and successfully acclimatized.
Evaluation the impact of saltwater intrusion on Aquaculture in Shatt Al-Arab, Basra, Iraq
Authors: Al-Edani Basima Taha , Ali Malik H.
Published: March 2023

The study made an evaluation to the effects of saltwater intrution in the Shatt Al-Arab river on the fish culture activites. Data reveals noticeable increase of investment in fresh water carp fish culture during the years 2009, 2010 and the next years. The documents of Basrah Agriculture Directerate indicated that 48 earthern ponds of an area nearly 3778 Acres were licensed and furthermore, nearly 380 floating fish cage farms were licensed about 26120 m2 area which represents the actual worked 1277 cages. However, the approved number of given licensed farms were 514 farms with at least 16 cages to each farm, which potentially can be invested a water area nearly 98688 m2, calculated to a cage of 4 x 3 x 2 (m2) dimentions. The total estimated production of earthern ponds was 3778–4723 t. annually, and that of floating cages farms was 3266–7800 t. annually. The total financial income of fish production in Basra proviance is estimated to be about 26133–35883 billion Iraqi dinar and more than 3000 persons were involved in the sector of fishculture and fisheries. The acute successive increases of salinity that Shatt Al-Arab river experienced, particularly during 2018 were caused large fish mortality and many fish farms were closed and have had very negative effects on the fish sector in Basrah proviance.
Effect of some environmental factors on the occurrence and distribution of Polychaeta Namalycastis indica (Southern, 1921) in the intertidal region of Shatt Al-Arab River Basrah Iraq
Authors: Al- Baghdadi Nada M. , Sultan Entesar N. , Abdullah Abdul Aziz M.
Published: March 2023

The current study was conducted on N. indica in three stations for the period from December 2017 to November 2018 (Al-Sharsh, Al-Salhiya and Al-Dweab), as samples were collected monthly. Some environmental factors were calculated, such as water temperature. The lowest water temperature was 12 °C during January and the highest temperature was 33 °C during July, both in Al-Salhiya station. The lowest value of salinity was 0.5‰ reached in April and November in Al-Sharsh station, while reached highest value ‰ 39.3 were recorded during July for Al-Dweab station, the light transmittance values ranged between (63-18) cm, recorded during July and November for Al-Salhiya and Al-Sharsh stations, respectively. As for the values of dissolved oxygen, it ranged between (12.1-5.1) mg/liter during August and May in the two stations. Al- Salhiya and Al-Sharsh, respectively. As for the bottom sediments of all the stations, they were alluvial with few and different percentages of sand and clay. The study showed that the studied environmental factors have an impact on the distribution and spread of this species within the horizontal and vertical sections in the tidal zone. The total density and density were measured within the horizontal distribution pattern in each station and the monthly total density ranges were 592-32 individuals/m2. The density of the three species was calculated within the horizontal distribution after dividing the area into three sections for each station. The results of the study indicated that there were significant differences at the level of P<0.05 for densities between the first and second different sections of N. indica, and there were significant differences between the first and third sections and between the second and third sections.
First Record of the Parasitic Nematode Anisakis simplex in the Intestine and Gonads of Dentex macrophthamus off Syrian Marine Waters
Authors: Masri Mai , Saad Adib A. , Sabour Waad , Layka Taghrid
Published: March 2023

This study was aimed to investigate the infection of internal parasites of Dentex macrophthalmus in Syrian marine coastal waters. A total of 409 individuals were collected from Ras Al-Basit in the north to Tartus in the south from the following research stations: Ras Al-Basit, different areas along the Lattakia beach, Jableh and Tartous, during the period from January 2019 to December 2020.

The internal organs (stomach, intestine and body cavity) of all fish specimens were examined to detect infection with internal parasites. The third stage larvae of the parasite Anisakis simplex, which belongs to the nematode worms, was isolated from the stomach and gonad walls of D. macrophthalmus, where the number of fish infected with this worm reached 53 out of 409 fish individuals studied, with an infection rate of 12.96% and infection intensity of 2.70 parasites/fish.

This study represents the first record of Anisakis simplex isolated from the abdominal cavity of D. macrophthalmus in the Syrian marine waters.
Extraction of beta-glucan from yeast extract and brown barley bran and study of its antioxidant activity to improve the preservation ability of processed Fish Patties
Authors: Al-Jumaiee Shaymaa, A. J. , Al-Hussainy Khadeeja S. J. , Al-Manhel Alaa J. A.
Published: March 2023

The Homopolysaccharide called beta-glucan was extracted from different sources, microbial source (baking yeast) and vegetable source (brown barley bran) using the classical and hot water methods respectively. Results showed that the higher yield contents of β-glucan, which reached 5.95 % and 5.08 % were found in the baker’s yeast of Turkish origin and barley bran respectively, The β-glucan was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the result confirmed that the extracted glucan showed a high degree of similarity and purity as compared with the standard, The antioxidant activity, reducing power, chelating of ferrous iron, scavenging of hydrogen peroxide of extracted β-glucan samples at different concentrations were studied (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1)%, it was observed that the activity was different  according to the source and concentration also the efficacy of the extracted β-glucan from the barley bran as an antioxidant higher than the yeast. The β-glucan was added to the fish patties at different ratios (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1)%, and storage patties at 4 C° for 14 days, studied some physicochemical tests for manufactured fish patties , the results showed that values of peroxide, acid value and percentage of free fatty acids of the patties treated with β-glucan were higher than barley bran β-glucan.
PROCESSING OF FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE FROM DRIED FISH BY ACETIC ACID DIGESTION
Authors: Ahmed H. A. , Hindi M. J. , Alhasson A. S.
Published: March 2023

This investigation is aimed at processing fish protein concentrate from dried fish that subjected to digestion with acetic acid at pH 4. The dried fish contained 46.26% protein, 19.65% fat and 23.89% ash. The processed protein product comprised of 69.84% protein, 8.43% fat and 15.58% ash. The yield was 70.15% of raw materials. The processed product characterized with dark brown colour, acceptable fishy smell and revealed high storage stability when stored at room temperature (28°C) for 60 days without noticeable changes. The stored product had low bacterial count that valued 1200 CFU/gm. Coliform bacteria were not existed. Total volatile Nitrogen Bases (TNVB) was low and valued 9.8 mgN/100 gm. Rancidity hadn’t developed as TBA rated 0.24 mg malonaldehyde/kg. The processed product and a commercial protein concentrate were employed separately in formulating experimental diets R1 and R2 respectively. Each ration was used in feeding trials on carp fingerlings for 60 days. The results for R1 and R2 were respectively as follows: 0.77 and 0.51 for specific growth rate (SGR); 4.04 and 5.79 for food conversion ration (FCR); 24.71% and 17.26% for Food conversion efficiency (FCE); 16.56 and 12.23% protein deposit (PD). It can be concluded that the proposed method employed in this project was successful in processing fish protein concentrate with good storage stability and acceptable sensory properties.
EFFECTS OF STARVATION ON THE PROXIMATE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE JUVENILES BUNNYI BARBUS SHARPEYI
Authors: MAHDI A.A.
Published: March 2023

Juveniles bunnyi Barbus sharpeyi were subjected to starvation for a period of 11weeks, the proximate chemical analysis of body composition showed that the main effect of starvation was found on the depletion in lipid content, followed by gradual protein decreasing, coincided with an increase in both moisture and ash content. Muscle lipid was the more storage of reserve than that of viscera, that’s why the lost weight from muscles was more. This shows that energy utilized was derived from lipid catabolism in muscle more than viscera. Both condition factor (K) and viscera somatic index (VSI) tend to progressive decrease as starvation period proceded, and there was an inverse relationship between moisture and lipid content in whole specimen.
SOME SEA SHELLS OF THE COASTAL REGION OF HUNEISH ISLAND SOUTHERN RED SEA , YEMEN
Authors: Khalaf T. A . , Abubaker M . M . , Abdul-Sahib I. M. , Alshwafy N . A.
Published: March 2023

Sixteen species belonging to 9 families of gastropods and bivalves have been recorded from Huneish island, Yemen. Measurments, diagnosis and coloured photos for every specimen were provided .