bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical properties of Frontière rice flour and its application in a gluten‐free cupcake
Authors: Aleman Ricardo S. , Morris Anita , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Moncada Marvin , King Joan M.
Published: September 2021

Background and objectives

Recently, the LSU AgCenter developed a high‐protein rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L.) called Frontière, which is non‐GMO and it is the first of its kind to be developed for commercial applications worldwide. As a result, the physicochemical and thermal properties of the Frontière rice flours and commercial rice flours were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Brabender Viscometer (RVA). Rheological properties were determined using a rheometer by small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) and steady shear. Cupcakes were developed using these flours, and the texture and color were determined. For the high‐protein rice flours (white and brown), thermal, rheological, pasting, and chemical attributes were evaluated (p < .05) and compared with commercial rice flours.

Findings: Gelatinization temperatures (Tp) varied between 70.90℃ and 76.33℃, and the enthalpies (∆H) ranged from 3.29 to 7.60 J/g. In the pasting properties by Rapid Visco Analysis (RVA), the values of peak viscosity ranged from 2,322 to 2,344 cP. In addition, proximate composition of high‐protein rice flours (moisture, ash, fat, and protein) varied as follows: 12.39%–13.49%, 0.74%–1.83%, 0.66%–1.39%, and 10.23%–12.21%, while starch and amylose levels were 65.41%–75.15% (dry basis) and 10.19%–20.57%.

Conclusions

The rheological properties were mainly affected by apparent amylose and protein content, and weaker gel behaviors were observed for brown rice flour dispersions. As for the cupcakes characteristics, the texture and color were influenced by the type of flour used.

Significance and novelty

Flour from a new higher protein rice variety was characterized for physiochemical properties and tested for use in gluten‐free cupcakes. This information is useful to ingredient companies who may be interested in the use of this flour in bakery products.
A case of jugular bulb diverticulum causing pulsatile tinnitus
Authors: Fukumoto Ichiro , Yamasaki Kazuki , Yonekura Shuji , Iinuma Tomohisa , Mita Yukiyoshi , Sonobe Yuri , Hanazawa Toyoyuki
Published: September 2021

If you suspect pulsatile tinnitus from a medical interview, you should check for jugular bulb diverticulum and cortical bone defects on temporal bone CT, in addition to thorough physical examination and contrast‐enhanced imaging.
Postmenopausal virilization secondary to a large ovarian cystadenoma with stromal hyperthecosis
Authors: Nizam Wasay , Shah Adil Aijaz , Cornwell Edward E. , Naab Tammey , Williams Mallory
Published: September 2021

Ovarian cystadenomas may present in a functional manner. Biochemical workup of seemingly benign ovarian lesions should be considered in the appropriate clinical context.
Novel SuperMap feature of dipole charge density mapping technique offers advantages for redo catheter ablation in highly symptomatic patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia: A case series
Authors: Gagyi Rita B. , Bhagwandien Rohit E. , Szili‐Torok Tamas
Published: September 2021

Ablation procedures using classical sequential mapping systems may fail to eliminate IAST. The AcQMap dipole charge density mapping technique may offer improved accuracy and has a potential added value for the ultimate success of eliminating IAST. The use of the AcQMap should be considered for redo, as well as first line therapy for patients with symptomatic IAST.
First psychotic episode, related to COVID‐19 pandemic, in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Brahmi Lina , Ben Ammar Hanen , Messaoud Safa , Hamdi Ghada , Khelifa Emira , Mnif Leila
Published: September 2021

Clinical symptoms of tuberous sclerosis may occur because of exposure to a stressful event like COVID‐19. During pandemics, specific considerations should be deserved to the mental state of people suffering from genetic diseases to prevent mental illness caused by a coronavirus.
A case of emergency pancreatoduodenectomy for bleeding from the duodenal mucosa due to arteriovenous malformation of the pancreatic head
Authors: Kitazono Masaki , Fujita Makoto , Katsue Katsugi , Ikeda Naotaka , Oyama Tomohiro , Eguchi Mayumi , Kamimura Go , Sato Rikiya , Uchiyama Shuichiro , Toyosaki Ryoichi , Suenaga Toyokuni
Published: September 2021

A rare case of bleeding from the duodenal mucosa due to arteriovenous malformation of the pancreatic head is reported. Caution needs to be observed, then excision may be necessary since noninvasive treatment such as coil embolization is not enough for complete hemostasis when patient suddenly decompensates.
Case report: Antenatal diagnostic of a polymalformative syndrome due to biallelic BRCA2 mutations
Authors: Anquetil Aude , Khung Savatovsky Suonavy , Gavard Laurent , Bazin Anne , Guimiot Fabien , Dubourg Christele , Mandelbrot Laurent , Picone Olivier
Published: September 2021

Testing the partner of a BRCA2 carrier must always be discussed. If both members of the couple are BRCA2 carriers, they should be informed about the high risks of polymalformative syndromes.
Conventional osteosarcoma of the mandible: Report of a rare case
Authors: Mirmohammad Sadeghi Hassan , Karimi Abbas , Derakhshan Samira , Aminishakib Pouyan , Parchami Kiarash
Published: September 2021

Osteosarcoma of the jaw can be successfully treated by a single aggressive surgical operation with good prognosis. Timely diagnosis, with a complete surgical removal of the tumor with clear margins, can fulfill favorable clinical results.
Respiratory failure and shock in an infant with severe anemia
Authors: Walker Shannon C. , Ransom Meaghan , Sood Shawn , Andrews Jennifer , Smith Christine M.
Published: September 2021

Patients with severe anemia can present with non‐specific symptoms, including shock and respiratory distress. Ensuring a rapid, targeted workup is initiated and providing prompt transfusions as necessary are critical for both diagnostic success and clinical improvement.
Takayasu arteritis: A rare cause of chronic headache
Authors: Barasa Linda , Salyani Adil , Bika Jillo , Otieno Fredrick , Sokhi Dilraj
Published: September 2021

Chronic headache can be a presenting manifestation of Takayasu arteritis, although patients usually have other characteristic features. A thorough clinical assessment remains key in the evaluation of chronic headache.
A case report of interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma originating from the oropharynx
Authors: Oikawa Shin‐ichi , Shiga Kiyoto , Katagiri Katsunori , Saito Daisuke , Ohashi Yu , Tsuchida Kodai , Miyaguchi Jun , Kusaka Takahiro
Published: September 2021

Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma is an extremely rare tumor and typically originates from lymph nodes. Here, we report a patient with tumor originated from the oropharynx who received successful surgical treatment.
Time‐Resolved Spectroscopy and Electronic Structure of Mono‐and Dinuclear Pyridyl‐Triazole/DPEPhos‐Based Cu(I) Complexes
Authors: Grupe Merten , Boden Pit , Di Martino‐Fumo Patrick , Gui Xin , Bruschi Cecilia , Israil Roumany , Schmitt Marcel , Nieger Martin , Gerhards Markus , Klopper Wim , Riehn Christoph , Bizzarri Claudia , Diller Rolf
Published: September 2021

Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of the mononuclear photosensitizers [(DPEPhos)Cu(I)(MPyrT)]0/+(CuL,CuLH) and their dinuclear analogues (Cu2L’,Cu2L'H2), backed by (TD)DFT and high‐level GW‐Bethe‐Salpeter equation calculations, exemplifies the complex influence of charge, nuclearity and structural flexibility on UV‐induced photophysical pathways. Ultrafast transient absorption and step‐scan FTIR spectroscopy reveal flattening distortion in the triplet state ofCuLHas controlled by charge, which also appears to have a large impact on the symmetry of the long‐lived triplet states inCu2L’andCu2L'H2. Time‐resolved luminescence spectroscopy (solid state), supported by transient photodissociation spectroscopy (gas phase), confirm a lifetime of some tens of μs for the respective triplet states, as well as the energetics of thermally activated delayed luminescence, both being essential parameters for application of these materials based on earth‐abundant copper in photocatalysis and luminescent devices.
Local Field Induced Mass Transfer: New Insight into Nano‐electrocatalysis
Authors: Liu Yinghuan , Jiang Huijun , Hou Zhonghuai
Published: September 2021

Unravelling the complex kinetics of electrocatalysis is essential for the design of electrocatalysts with high performance. Mass transfer and electron transfer are two primary factors that need to be optimized in order to enhance electrocatalytic reactions. The use of nanocatalysts proves to be a promising way of promoting the performance of electrocatalytic reactions, this improvement is usually attributed to their ability to enhance electron transfer. However, when catalysts are taken down to the nanoscale, their size is comparable to the thickness of an electrical double layer, so any curvature can lead to an inhomogeneous local electric field on the electrode, which then changes the mass transfer essentially. In this article, we introduce the new concept of local‐field‐induced mass transfer in nano‐electrocatalytic systems, and provide a brief review of recent progress, revealing its effect on nano‐electrocatalysis, which may bring new insight into the future design of nano‐electrocatalysts.
Lewis Acid‐Promoted Oxidative Addition at a [Ni0(diphosphine)2] Complex: The Critical Role of a Secondary Coordination Sphere
Authors: Zurakowski Joseph A. , Austen Brady J. H. , Dufour Maeve C. , Spasyuk Denis M. , Nelson David J. , Drover Marcus W.
Published: September 2021

Oxidative addition represents a critical elementary step in myriad catalytic transformations. Here, the importance of thoughtful ligand design cannot be overstated. In this work, we report the intermolecular activation of iodobenzene (PhI) at a coordinatively saturated 18‐electron [Ni0(diphosphine)2] complex bearing a Lewis acidic secondary coordination sphere. Whereas alkyl‐substituted diphosphine complexes of Group 10 are known to be unreactive in such reactions, we show that [Ni0(P2BCy4)2] (P2BCy4=1,2‐bis(di(3‐dicyclohexylboraneyl)‐propylphosphino)ethane) is competent for room‐temperature PhI cleavage to give [NiII(P2BCy4)(Ph)(I)]. This difference in oxidative addition reactivity has been scrutinized computationally – an outcome that is borne out in ring‐opening to provide the reactive precursor – for [Ni0(P2BCy4)2], a “boron‐trapped” 16‐electron κ1‐diphosphine Ni(0) complex. Moreover, formation of [NiII(P2BCy4)(Ph)(I)] is inherent to the P2BCy4 secondary coordination sphere: treatment of the Lewis adduct, [Ni0(P2BCy4)2(DMAP)8] with PhI provides [NiII(P2BCy4)2(DMAP)8(I)]I via iodine‐atom abstraction and not a [NiII(Ph)(I)(diphosphine)] compound – an unusual secondary sphere effect. Finally, the reactivity of [Ni0(P2BCy4)2] with 4‐iodopyridine was surveyed, which resulted in a pyridyl‐borane linked oligomer. The implications of these outcomes are discussed in the context of designing strongly donating, and yet labile diphosphine ligands for use in a critical bond activation step relevant to catalysis.
In vitro and Microbiological Assay of Functionalized Hybrid Nanomaterials To Validate Their Efficacy in Nanotheranostics: A Combined Spectroscopic and Computational Study
Authors: Mondal Susmita , Ghosh Ria , Adhikari Aniruddha , Pal Uttam , Mukherjee Dipanjan , Biswas Pritam , Darbar Soumendra , Singh Soumendra , Bose Surajit , Saha‐Dasgupta Tanusri , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: September 2021

Functionalized nanoparticles reveal new frontiers in therapeutics and diagnostics, simultaneously referred to as theranostics. Functionalization of an inorganic nanoparticle (NP) with an organic ligand determines the interaction of the functionalized NPs with various cellular components, leading to the desired therapeutic effect, while diminishing adverse side effects. Apart from the therapeutic effect of the nanoparticles, other physical properties of the organic‐inorganic complex (nanohybrid) including fluorescence, X‐ray or MRI contrast offer diagnosis of the anomalous target cell. In this study we functionalized Mn3O4 NPs with organic citrate (C−Mn3O4) and folic acid (FA−Mn3O4) ligands and investigated their antimicrobial activities using Staphylococcus hominis as a model bacteria, which can be remediated through their membrane rupture. While high‐resolution transmission microscopy (HR‐TEM), XRD, DLS, absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy were used for structural characterisation of the functionalised NPs, zeta potential measurements and temperature‐dependent reactive oxygen speices (ROS) generation reveal their drug action. We used high‐end density functional theory (DFT) calculations to rationalise the specificity of the drug action of the NPs. Picosecond‐resolved FRET studies confirm the enhanced affinity of FA−Mn3O4 to the bacteria relative to C−Mn3O4, leading to enhanced antimicrobial activity. We have shown that the functionalised nanoparticles offer significant X‐ray contrast in in‐vitro studies, indicating the FA−Mn3O4 NPs to be a potential theranostic agent against bacterial infection.
Machine learning‐based load distribution and balancing in heterogeneous database management systems
Authors: Abdennebi Anes , Elakaş Anıl , Taşyaran Fatih , Öztürk Erdinç , Kaya Kamer , Yıldırım Sinan
Published: September 2021

For dynamic and continuous data analysis, conventional OLTP systems are slow in performance. Today's cutting‐edge high‐performance computing hardware, such as GPUs, has been used as accelerators for data analysis tasks, which traditionally leverage CPUs on classical database management systems (DBMS). When CPUs and GPUs are used together, the architectural heterogeneity, that is, leveraging hardware with different performance characteristics jointly, creates complex problems that need careful treatment for performance optimization. Load distribution and balancing are crucial problems for DBMSs working on heterogeneous architectures. In this work, focusing on a hybrid, CPU‐GPU database management system to process users' queries, we propose heuristical and machine‐learning‐based (ML‐based) load distribution and balancing models. In more detail, we employ multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest (RF), and Adaboost (Ada) models to dynamically decide the processing unit for each incoming query based on the response time predictions on both CPU and GPU. The ML‐based models outperformed the other algorithms, as well as the CPU and GPU‐only running modes with up to 27%, 29%, and 40%, respectively, in overall performance (response time) while answering intense real‐life working scenarios. Finally, we propose to use a hybrid load‐balancing model that would be more efficient than the models we tested in this work.
Electroreductive 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Dimerization on Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Kloth Ricarda , Vasilyev Dmitry V. , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Katsounaros Ioannis
Published: September 2021

The electrochemical conversion of biomass‐based compounds to fuels and fuel precursors can aid the defossilization of the transportation sector. Herein, the electrohydrodimerization of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to the fuel precursor 5,5’‐bis(hydroxymethyl)hydrofuroin (BHH) was investigated on different carbon electrodes. Compared to boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes a less negative HMF reduction onset potential and a switch in product selectivity from BHH to the electrocatalytic hydrogenation product 2,5‐di(hydroxymethyl)furan (DHMF) with increasing overpotential was found. On BDD, the electrohydrodimerization was the dominant process independent of the applied potential. An increase in the initial HMF concentration led to suppression of the competing hydrogen evolution reaction and DHMF formation, resulting in higher BHH faradaic efficiencies. In contrast, BHH selectivity decreased with higher initial HMF concentration, which was attributed to increased electrochemically induced HMF degradation. Finally, it was demonstrated that even a simple graphite foil can function as an active HMF electroreduction catalyst.
Rest and exercise oxygen uptake and cardiac output changes 6 months after successful transcatheter mitral valve repair
Authors: Vignati Carlo , De Martino Fabiana , Muratori Manuela , Salvioni Elisabetta , Tamborini Gloria , Bartorelli Antonio , Pepi Mauro , Alamanni Francesco , Farina Stefania , Cattadori Gaia , Mantegazza Valentina , Agostoni Piergiuseppe
Published: September 2021

Aims

Changes in peak exercise oxygen uptake (VO2) and cardiac output (CO) 6 months after successful percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair (pMVR) in severe primary (PMR) and functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) patients are unknown.

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of pMVR at rest by echocardiography, VO2 and CO (inert gas rebreathing) measurement and during cardiopulmonary exercise test with CO measurement.

Methods and results

We evaluated 145 and 115 patients at rest and 98 and 66 during exercise before and after pMVR, respectively.

After successful pMVR, significant reductions in MR and NYHA class were observed in FMR and PMR patients. Cardiac ultrasound showed reverse remodelling (left ventricular end‐diastolic volume from 158 ± 63 mL to 147 ± 64, P < 0.001; ejection fraction from 51 ± 15 to 48 ± 14, P < 0.001; pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) from 43 ± 13 to 38 ± 8 mmHg, P < 0.001) in the entire population. These changes were significant in PMR (n = 62) and a trend in FMR (n = 53), except for PASP, which decreased in both groups. At rest, CO and stroke volume (SV) increased in FMR with a concomitant reduction in arteriovenous O2 content difference [ΔC(a‐v)O2]. Peak exercise, CO and SV increased significantly in both groups (CO from 5.5 ± 1.4 L/min to 6.3 ± 1.5 and from 6.2 ± 2.4 to 6.7 ± 2.0, SV from 57 ± 19 mL to 66 ± 20 and from 62 ± 20 to 69 ± 20, in FMR and PMR, respectively), whereas peak VO2 was unchanged and ΔC(a‐v)O2 decreased.

Conclusions

These data confirm pMVR‐induced clinical improvement and reverse ventricular remodelling at a 6‐month analysis and show, in spite of an increase in CO, an unchanged exercise performance, which is achieved through a ‘more physiological’ blood flow distribution and O2 extraction behaviour. Direct rest and exercise CO should be measured to assess pMVR efficacy.
Bifunctional W/NH Cuboidal Aminophosphino W3S4 Cluster Hydrides: The Puzzling Behaviour behind the Hydridic‐Protonic Interplay
Authors: Guillamón Eva , Beltrán Tomás F. , Safont Vicent S. , Castillo Carmen E. , Algarra Andrés G. , Fernández‐Trujillo M. Jesús , Pedrajas Elena , Pino‐Chamorro José Angel , Basallote Manuel G. , Llusar Rosa
Published: September 2021

The novel [W3S4H3(edpp)3]+ (edpp=(2‐aminoethyl)diphenylphosphine) (1+) cluster hydride with an acidic −NH2 functionality has been synthetized and studied. Its crystal structure shows the characteristic incomplete W3S4 cubane core with the outer positions occupied by the P and N atoms of the edpp ligands. Although no signal due to the hydride ligands is observed in the 1H NMR spectrum, hydride assignment is supported by 1H‐15N HSQC techniques, the changes in the 31P{1H} NMR chemical shift, and FT‐IR spectra in the W−H region of the deuterated [W3S4D2H(edpp)3]+ (1+‐d2) samples. Moreover, all NMR evidences suggest that one of the hydrogen atoms of the NH2 group in 1+ is rapidly exchanging with the hydride. The reaction of 1+ with acids (HCl, HBr and DCl) features complex polyphasic kinetics with zero‐order dependence with respect to the acid concentration, being also independent of the solvent nature. This behavior differs from that of their diphosphino analogues, suggesting a different mechanism.
Radial basis function interpolation supplemented lattice Boltzmann method for electroosmotic flows in microchannel
Authors: Guo Panpan , Qian Fang , Zhang Wenyao , Yan Huilong , Wang Qiuwang , Zhao Cunlu
Published: September 2021

Large gradients of physical variables near the channel walls are characteristic of EOF. The previous numerical simulations of EOFs with the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) utilize uniform lattice and are not efficient, especially when the electric double layer (EDL) thickness is significantly smaller than the channel height. The efficient LBM simulation of EOF in microchannel calls for a nonuniform mesh which is dense in the EDL region and sparse in the bulk region. In this article, we formulate a radial basis function (RBF)‐based interpolation supplemented LBM (ISLBM) to solve the governing equations of EOF, that is, the Poisson, Nernst–Planck, and Navier–Stokes equations, in a nonuniform mesh system. Unlike the conventional ISLBM, the RBF‐ISLBM determines the prestreaming distribution functions by using the local RBF‐based interpolation over circular supporting regions and is particularly suitable for nonuniform meshes. The RBF‐ISLBM is validated by the EOFs in infinitely long and finitely long microchannels. The results show that the RBF‐ISLBM possesses excellent robustness and accuracy. Finally, we use the RBF‐ISLBM to simulate the EOFs with the hitherto highest electrokinetic parameter, κa, defined by the ratio of channel height a to EDL thickness κ−1, in LBM simulations of EOF.
A Paraffin Microtomy Method for Improved and Efficient Production of Standardized Plastic Microfibers
Authors: Knauss Christine M. , Dungan Christopher F. , Lehmann Stuart A.
Published: September 2021

Microfibers are one of the most abundant microplastic particle types found in the environment, where they cause negative impacts on organisms and possibly on human health. Microfibers should be included in a wide range of laboratory studies; however, microfibers for scientific studies are not commercially available. Current methods to make microfibers generally create particles with large size ranges and poor precision, and efficient production of particles ≤100 µm is difficult. Laboratory studies of the biological and toxicological effects and chemical interactions of microfibers require uniform, small microfibers in sufficient numbers for environmentally relevant experiments. We developed a novel fiber embedding technique and modified a seminal cryomicrotomy method to produce precise microfibers in quantities suitable for environmentally relevant concentrations. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and nylon fibers were strategically wound onto a spindle, embedded in paraffin wax, and sectioned using a standard paraffin microtome. After processing with a suitable organic solvent to remove the wax, microfiber size distributions were assessed. The small microfibers (10–42 µm) were accurate to the target lengths with excellent precision and a production rate ≥13.5 times higher than previous methods. As a proof of application, three lengths of manufactured PET fibers were stained with Nile red and exposed to eastern oyster larvae (Crassostrea virginica) for 24 h. Larvae ingested the smaller fiber lengths (14 and 28 µm), and the Nile red–stained fibers were visible and distinguishable in the guts of the larvae. This experiment was the first to demonstrate ingestion of plastic particles other than microspheres by oyster larvae. The present method facilitates the use of small microfibers in laboratory experiments, allowing for a more complete understanding of microplastic effects in the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:944–953. © 2021 SETAC
Study on the merged flame height and radiative heat flux distribution from square propane fire arrays
Authors: Yu Longxing , Wan Huaxian , Ji Jie
Published: September 2021

The remote ignition and accelerated flame spread in multiple fires accidents are mainly due to the thermal radiation. The merged flame height and external radiative heat flux distribution of the square fire arrays were investigated numerically. Different burner spacing, total number of burners and heat release rate (HRR) of an individual burner were considered. Results show that the fire plume centerline temperature can be predicted accurately by achieving grid independence on a fine enough grid. A correlation for predicting the merged flame height of the multiple fires is developed involving the number of burners, HRR of each burner and burner spacing. The comparison of calculated and simulated data in this work validated the accuracy of the proposed correlation. The radiative heat flux distributions surrounding the fire array can be divided into two regions, that is, the near‐ and far‐field regions. The total heat release rate of the fire array is shown to be the dominant effect on the radiation distribution throughout the whole region, whilst the burner spacing is shown to only have an effect in the near‐field region. To distinguish the two regions, the critical distance of 0.7 ( is the characteristic fire array length) was obtained.
Effect of solid state fermentation on proximate composition, antinutritional factors and in vitro protein digestibility of maize flour
Authors: Terefe Zemenu K. , Omwamba Mary N. , Nduko John M.
Published: September 2021

Cereals including maize generally have limiting amino acids particularly lysine. In most cases, spontaneous fermentation is used to improve the nutritional profiles of maize‐based products. However, in such fermentation, biological risks including the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, chemical contaminants, and toxic compounds of microbial origin such as mycotoxins pose a health risk. The aim of this study was, therefore, to improve the nutritional properties of maize flour by reducing antinutritional factors through microbial fermentation by strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their cocultures. A factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of fermentation setups and time on proximate composition, antinutritional factors, and in vitro digestibility of proteins in maize flour. During 48 h of fermentation, protein content was improved by 38%, 55%, 49%, and 48%, whereas in vitro protein digestibility improved by 31%, 40%, 36%, and 34% for natural, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and their coculture‐fermented maize flour, respectively. The highest improvement in protein content and its digestibility was observed for Lactobacillus plantarum strain‐fermented maize flour. Phytate, tannin and trypsin inhibitor activity were reduced significantly (p < .05) for natural, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and coculture‐fermented maize flour. The highest reduction of phytate (66%), tannin (75%), and trypsin inhibitor (64%) was observed for coculture‐fermented maize flour. The two strains and their cocultures were found feasible for fermentation of maize flour to improve its nutritional profiles more than the conventional fermentation process.
Transient temperature‐pressure field model of supercritical CO2 fracturing wellbore with tubing and annulus co‐injection
Authors: Wu Lin , Luo Zhifeng , Zhao Liqiang , Zhang Nanling , Yao Zhiguang , Jia Yucheng
Published: September 2021

The physical parameters of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) fracturing fluid are sensitive to temperature and pressure. Accurate prediction of wellbore temperature and pressure during injection is critical for the fracturing efficiency. In this paper, a transient pressure‐field model of SC‐CO2 fracturing wellbore with tubing and annulus co‐injection was established, which was adjusted to consider the Joule–Thomson effect, axial heat conduction, expansion/compression heat, and friction heat. The model predicted the variation patterns of wellbore temperature and pressure, comparing them with those under tubing injection conditions. Effects of tubing‐annulus injection ratios and endothermic mode on bottom‐hole temperature (BHT) and wellhead pressure (WHP) were analyzed in detail. Compared with pure tubing injection, co‐injection provided higher BHT and lower WHP. At constant BHP, WHP dropped with time in the processes of tubing injection or co‐injection, while the former provided a larger WHP drop. With an increase in tubing injection ratio, the difference between tubing and annulus BHT values slightly grew. When the tubing and annulus injection displacements were allocated according to their cross‐sectional area ratio, their WHP was minimal. If CO2 was assumed to absorb all the friction heat, overestimation of BHT and WHP would be observed, which was more pronounced at larger injection displacements. This study's findings are considered instrumental in the design optimization and field application of SC‐CO2 fracturing in unconventional reservoirs. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laboratory comparison of clogging in three types of domestic synthetic envelopes installed in clay‐calcareous soils*
Authors: Khorramian Navid , Naseri Abdali , Nasab Saeed Borumand , Khoramian Hamid
Published: September 2021

Clogging in subsurface drain envelopes is one of the main issues in drainage systems; changing drainpipes needs a large amount of money and can decrease the profitability of the system, so in this study we tried to select the best envelope according to clogging. This study was conducted to evaluate comparatively the performance of three synthetic envelopes (A, B, C) manufactured in Iran by using a physical permeameter model in the laboratory. The selected envelopes were of PP450 synthetic type. Experiments were performed to examine the changes in drain discharge and hydraulic conductivity of the soil–envelope of each permeameter in each of the three envelopes during a period of 2000 h. Experimental results indicated that at a constant water head, reduction of drain discharge was associated with reduction of hydraulic conductivity of the soil–envelope over time. It was due to the movement of soil particles within the envelopes for each discharge until it reached a constant value or the soil–envelope equilibrium. Comparison of results for the applied envelopes showed that envelope A had a better performance than the other two. Envelope A also had 28% higher drainage coefficient than envelope B and 58% higher drainage coefficient than envelope C, so this property can increase drain distances and save costs. The total hydraulic conductivity of envelope A is 6.5 and 5% higher than those of C and B envelopes, respectively. By comparing envelopes B and C we can see that envelope B presented a better function.
Development and characterization of monoterpene loaded microemulsions as novel scolicidal agents
Authors: Abouhosseini Tabari Mohaddeseh , Kashani Rad Milad , Youssefi Mohammad Reza , Maggi Filippo , Cespi Marco , Pavoni Lucia , Bonacucina Giulia
Published: September 2021

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. The primary treatment is surgery and chemical sterilization of the parasitic layers by injection of a scolicidal agent. Available scolicidals possess side effects, and may cause postoperative complications. Several studies reported the scolicidal properties of monoterpene phenols and alcohols such as carvacrol, thymol, and geraniol. The present study aimed to develop, characterize, and assess monoterpene loaded microemulsions as novel green scolicidals products. For this purpose, microemulsions composing 0.37%, 0.75%, and 1.5% of monoterpenoid(s), thymol, carvacrol, and geraniol, alone or in binary or ternary mixtures were formulated. Samples were analyzed by visual inspection, polarizing optical microscope, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The stability of the samples was evaluated up to a 3‐month storage. For the scolicidal bioassay, samples at different concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25, and 10 μg/ml were added to wells containing 104 viable protoscoleces and mortality rates were recorded at 2, 5, 10, and 20 min after exposure. Results of the present study showed that microemulsions formulated with 0.75% of pure carvacrol or the binary mixture of thymol and carvacrol at 0.375% are promising scolicidal agents.
It's Time for Counselors to Modify Our Language: It Matters When We Call Our Clients Schizophrenics Versus People With Schizophrenia
Authors: Granello Darcy Haag , Gorby Sean R.
Published: September 2021

Practicing mental health counselors and counselors‐in‐training (N= 251) were given a measure of tolerance toward people with schizophrenia. Half of the sample received a version that used the term “schizophrenic” and half received a version that used “person with schizophrenia.” Counselors and those in training who received the version with the term “schizophrenic” had attitudes that were more authoritarian, more socially restrictive, and less benevolent. Practicing counselors and counseling students were both affected by terminology, although there were greater differences in tolerance based on language for practicing counselors. The results of this study provide the first empirical evidence for the elimination of the term “schizophrenic” from clinical practice.
Photocatalytic activity enhancement of carbon‐doped g‐C3N4 by synthesis of nanocomposite with Ag2O and α‐Fe2O3
Authors: Amani‐Ghadim Ali Reza , Tarighati Sareshkeh Abdolreza , Nozad Ashan Narges , Mohseni‐Zonouz Homa , Seyed Ahmadian Seyed Masoud , Seyed Dorraji Mir Saeed , Gholinejad Mohammad , Bayat Farzaneh
Published: September 2021

Carbon‐doped g‐C3N4 (CGNS) nanocomposite with Ag2O and α‐Fe2O3 has been synthesized to improve g‐C3N4 photocatalytic activity. The prepared CGNS/Ag2O/α‐Fe2O3 (GAF [with mass ratio 3:2:1]) nanocomposite exhibits the expanded visible‐light absorption region leading to the enhanced photocatalytic performance for Acid Red 14 (AR14) degradation. Besides, it is found that the recombination rate of the charge carriers effectively suppresses the nanocomposite. For a better understanding of the photocatalytic degradation mechanism, the reactions have been performed in the presence of different scavengers. The experiments indicate that superoxide anion radicals possess a more influential role in AR14 degradation in comparison with hydroxyl radicals and holes. The degradation efficiency has been decreased from 94.68 to 85.60 after five consecutive photocatalytic tests implying that the prepared nanocomposite is a stable photocatalyst. In the end, the kinetic study of AR14 degradation on nanocomposite with considering pseudo‐first‐order kinetics results in a nonlinear empirical kinetic model development for prediction of degradation efficiency of AR14 on nanocomposite.
Immune‐related eight‐lncRNA signature for improving prognosis prediction of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhang Xiuxiu , Li Jinze , Zhou Min
Published: September 2021

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Therefore, the identification of a novel prediction signature for predicting the prognosis risk and survival outcomes is urgently demanded.

Methods

We integrated a machine‐learning frame by combing the Cox regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression model to identify the LUAD‐related long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) survival biomarkers. Subsequently, the Spearman correlation test was employed to interrogate the relationships between lncRNA signature and tumor immunity and constructed the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network.

Results

Herein, we identified an eight‐lncRNA signature (PR‐lncRNA signature, NPSR1‐AS1, SATB2‐AS1, LINC01090, FGF12‐AS2, AC005256.1, MAFA‐AS1, BFSP2‐AS1, and CPC5‐AS1), which contributes to predicting LUAD patient's prognosis risk and survival outcomes. The PR‐lncRNA signature has also been confirmed as the robust signature in independent datasets. Further parsing of the LUAD tumor immune infiltration showed the PR‐lncRNAs were closely associated with the abundance of multiple immune cells infiltration and the expression of MHC molecules. Furthermore, by constructing the PR‐lncRNA–related ceRNA network, we interrogated more potential anti‐cancer therapy targets.

Conclusion

lncRNAs, as emerging cancer biomarkers, play an important role in a variety of cancer processes. Identification of PR‐lncRNA signatures allows us to better predict patient's survival outcomes and disease risk. Finally, the PR‐lncRNA signatures could help us to develop novel LUAD anti‐cancer therapeutic strategies.
Inequity in graduate engineering identity: Disciplinary differences and opportunity structures
Authors: Bahnson Matthew , Perkins Heather , Tsugawa Marissa , Satterfield Derrick , Parker Mackenzie , Cass Cheryl , Kirn Adam
Published: September 2021

Background

The retention of traditionally underserved students remains a pressing problem across graduate engineering programs. Disciplinary differences in graduate engineering identity provide a lens to investigate students' experiences and can pinpoint potential opportunity structures that support or hinder progress based on social and personal identities.

Purpose

This study investigates the impact of discipline, gender, race/ethnicity, advisor relationship, and years in a program on graduate engineering identity variability.

Methods

Cross‐sectional survey data from a national sample of doctoral engineering students were analyzed with multilevel modeling. Multilevel modeling measured the differences at the individual and discipline levels for graduate engineering identity and the domains of engineer, researcher, and scientist. Independent variables included were gender, advisor relationship score, race/ethnicity, and years in a program.

Results

The engineer identity sub‐construct of recognition significantly varied among engineering disciplines. Traditionally underserved students (i.e., Women and minoritized racial/ethnic groups) expressed lower engineering recognition levels, with this relationship varying based on discipline. Overall, our model explained 30% of the variation in engineering recognition among disciplines.

Conclusions

The disciplinary variation in graduate engineering identity combined with the significance of gender and race/ethnicity indicates traditionally underserved students do not experience equivalent opportunity structures compared with their well‐represented peers. Modifying traditional opportunity structures to serve students better may provide the needed changes to engage and retain traditionally underserved populations.
Circular coloring and fractional coloring in planar graphs
Authors: Hu Xiaolan , Li Jiaao
Published: September 2021

We study the following Steinberg‐type problem on circular coloring: for an odd integer , what is the smallest number such that every planar graph of girth without cycles of length from to admits a homomorphism to the odd cycle (or equivalently, is circular ‐colorable). Known results and counterexamples on Steinberg's Conjecture indicate that . In this paper, we show that exists if and only if is an odd prime. Moreover, we prove that for any prime ,
We conjecture that , and observe that the truth of this conjecture implies Jaeger's conjecture that every planar graph of girth has a homomorphism to for any prime . Supporting this conjecture, we prove a related fractional coloring result that every planar graph of girth without cycles of length from to is fractional ‐colorable for any odd integer .
Aberrant White Matter Microstructure in Depressed Patients with Suicidality
Authors: Zhang Huawei , Li Huiru , Yin Li , Chen Ziqi , Wu Baolin , Huang Xiaoqi , Jia Zhiyun , Gong Qiyong
Published: September 2021

Background

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder affecting 264 million people globally, and the worst outcome is suicide. While regional brain alterations in depressed suicidal brain have previously been reported, knowledge about white matter (WM) microstructure is limited.

Purpose

Automated fiber quantification (AFQ) acquired by magnetic resonance imaging was used to calculate diffusion properties of fiber tracks to explore the structural alteration of WM associated with suicidality in depressive patients.

Study Type

Cross‐sectional.

Subjects

Forty‐five depressive patients without suicidality (DS− group, 60.00% females), 53 depressed patients with suicidality (DS+ group, 66.04% females), and 59 healthy controls (HC group, 67.80% females).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T; single‐shot echo‐planar imaging sequence.

Assessment

The point‐wise group difference of the fiber tracts was determined by diffusion properties including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) of 18 specific WM tracts.

Statistical Tests

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and partial correlation analysis were used. A threshold of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The significantly different diffusion properties were found in callosum forceps, left inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (IFOF), right anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), and left cingulum cingulate in DS− and DS+ groups. The correlation analysis results showed that MD of right ATR was significantly positively correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores (r = 0.363). In addition, AD of right ATR (r = 0.372), MD of callosum forceps minor (r = 0.511), RD of left IFOF (r = 0.429), and RD of callosum forceps minor (r = 0.515) were significantly positively correlated with suicide item scores of HAMD.

Data Conclusion

Our demonstration of decreased WM tract integrity including callosum forceps, IFOF, and ATR confirms the central involvement of the frontal cortex and limbic system with suicidality in depression.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy Stage

3
Gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with plasma levels of Interferon‐γ and viral load in patients with acute hepatitis E infection
Authors: Wu Jian , Bortolanza Mariza , Zhai Guanghua , Shang Anquan , Ling Zongxin , Jiang Bin , Shen Xiaochen , Yao Yiwen , Yu Jiong , Li Lanjuan , Cao Hongcui
Published: September 2021

Few studies have focused on the effect of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection on gut microbiota. To explore the relationship between changes in gut microbiota and inflammatory factors and viral load, we conducted a comparative study of 33 patients with acute hepatitis E (AHE) patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs) using high‐throughput 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing. Shannon and Simpson's indices showed no significant differences in bacterial diversity between the AHE and HCs groups. Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae were most abundant in the AHE group, which contributed to the difference between the gut microbiota of the AHE and HCs groups, and the same difference between the HEV‐RNA‐positive and HEV‐RNA‐negative groups. Functional prediction analysis showed that ribosome, purine metabolism, and two‐component system were the top three pathways. Compared with the AHE group with normal interferon (IFN)‐γ, Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Xanthomonadaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae were more abundant in the high‐IFN‐γ group. The abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was positively correlated with the level of serum alanine transaminase and total bilirubin. The abundance of Gammaproteobacteria could discriminate AHE patients from HCs, and could better predict the severity of AHE patients. We believe that our findings will contribute toward a novel treatment strategy for AHE.
Post‐Fascists: Putting the So‐Called “Populist Right” into Historical Perspective
Authors: Keim Wiebke
Published: September 2021

Authoritarians are back: Demanding the restoration of community against formalized society and of tradition against the stranger; asking for strong states enforcing law and order, closing borders, preventing dark men from threatening white women; defending traditional family models against individualism and gender‐pluralism; claiming to represent “the people.” Today many denounce them as “Fascists!”. This article tries to conceptually capture the recent developments in two countries, France and Germany. In both cases, a diachronic comparison seems tempting. Are the '30s ahead of us? What is the extent and what is the impact of the fascist legacy today? The comparison in this article is based on Mann's book “Fascists” (2004). The paper argues that while the current far‐right cannot be considered fascist anymore and resembles interwar fascism only remotely, we have to consider it post‐fascist. If interwar fascism is largely explicable out of a context of multilevel crises to which it provided answers that many found convincing, I conclude that the current strength of the German and French far‐right does happen in a rather moderate crisis context to which it provides some answers.
A 5000‐year paleoclimate record from Nettilling Lake (Baffin Island) based on diatom assemblages and oxygen isotope composition
Authors: Narancic Biljana , Saulnier‐Talbot Émilie , Meyer Hanno , Pienitz Reinhard
Published: September 2021

Sedimentary diatoms have been used to quantitatively reconstruct climate‐related variables, such as temperature at different timescales. Even though temperature is often less of a key driver of diatom ecology than other environmental parameters (water chemistry), diatom inference models have been shown to be reliable in deducing past temperature trends. In addition, the oxygen isotope composition (δ18Odiatom) preserved in buried diatom frustules has demonstrated its potential to reflect climatic and hydrological conditions at the time of frustule formation. This study combines results from both diatom‐based climate proxies to reconstruct summer water and mean annual air temperatures, and hydrological trends in Nettilling Lake, Baffin Island, from ca. 5000 to 500 cal a bp. Diatom‐inferred temperatures revealed an overall ca. 2 °C cooling throughout the Late‐Holocene. The δ18Odiatom values showed an increasing trend up to ca. 1900 cal a bp, where they reached their highest values (+24.8‰ at 15 cm) and thereafter decreased to their lowest values (+21.4‰ at 4 cm). These trends were linked to meltwater inflows associated with Penny Ice Cap thaw rate that was in turn controlled by regional climatic conditions which went from intensified cooling during the Neoglacial period to slight warming thereafter. Our results suggest that diatom‐ and diatom‐isotope‐based temperature and hydrological reconstructions can identify trends related to the natural climate system variability. The diatom oxygen isotopes are useful for paleoenvironmental studies of terrestrial aquatic ecosystems, but not for all hydrological systems are the ideal temperature proxy. Hence, the combination of proxies helps to disentangle temperature and hydrological effects for paleoclimatic reconstructions and may support future studies of postglacial environmental change in northern lakes.
Investigating Middle Palaeolithic subsistence: zooarchaeological perspectives on the potential character of hominin climate refugia in Greece
Authors: Roditi Effrosyni , Starkovich Britt M.
Published: September 2021

It has long been proposed that during Pleistocene climatic perturbations the Balkan peninsula sustained refugial areas for fauna, flora, and potentially, hominins. In this study, we explore Middle Palaeolithic subsistence at the peninsula's southern end, Greece, and discuss how the evidence contributes to our understanding of the region's character as a refugium. We present new data from the recent reanalysis of the fauna from Asprochaliko rockshelter and the ongoing zooarchaeological investigations at Lakonis Cave 1 and compare them with published analyses from Klissoura Cave 1. We employ taxonomic abundance and diversity indices, as well as mortality profiles, to investigate hominin prey choice. Additional taphonomic observations provide further information on carcass exploitation. We examine changes in the faunal composition of the three sites in an attempt to identify the extent to which climate might have influenced resource availability and diversity in the region, stimulating resource intensification or diversification processes. Our results suggest that Middle Palaeolithic hominins consistently acquired high‐ranked prey through time. However, interregional differences in resource exploitation indicate that local topography and microclimate mediated prey choice and availability.