bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison between the clinical and pathological diagnosis of white patches in oral cavity among patients attending teaching clinics
Authors:   Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Iraq, Hameed Oula Fouad , Badri Ghaydaa Hashim ,   Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Iraq, Jabbar Suroor Ali ,   Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Iraq
Published: January 2025

Background. Oral white lesions may arise from a thicker keratin coating or the buildup of non-keratinized substances. Thus, when a physician encounters a white spot on the oral mucosa, the initial concern is to determine if it can be removed by using a piece of gauze or not. The objective was to analyze the agreement between the clinical and pathological diagnosis of white lesions in the oral cavity. Methods. A total of 22 clinical reports of patients with oral white lesions were diagnosed both clinically and histopathologically. The clinical and histological diagnoses were then compared. This study was done in the Department of Oral Diagnosis in our College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Iraq, from October 2014 to April 2022. Results. Among 22 cases, 11(50%) were males and 11(50%) were female with an average age of 34-69 years. Buccal mucosa was involved in the major part of cases (30.6%) floor of mouth (5.6%), dorsum of the tongue (8.3%), lateral part of the tongue (2.8%). Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that there is a low level of agreement between the clinical and histological diagnoses. Therefore, enhancing diagnostic abilities is crucial for enhancing therapy results.
Orthodontic movement of teeth with horizontal root fracture: a case report
Authors:   Department of Dental Sciences, Arab American University of Palestine (AAUP), Ramallah, Palestine, Giacaman Nader , Jaradat Mohammed R. Jaradat ,   Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, Arab American University of Palestine
Published: January 2025

Horizontal root fractures involve injuries to the dentin, pulp, cementum, and periodontal ligament. Although this type of injury is relatively rare, comprising only 0.5–7% of all trauma cases in the permanent dentition, orthodontists should possess adequate knowledge to manage cases involving this type of traumatic dental injury. This case study reports the successful outcome of orthodontic management for a patient with Class II Division 2 malocclusion complicated by crowding and a horizontal root fracture of an upper permanent central incisor. The root-fractured tooth was successfully moved, allowing the patient to retain his natural tooth and providing a viable alternative to extraction and prosthetic replacement for teeth with horizontal root fractures in patients requiring comprehensive orthodontic treatment.
Platelet-rich fibrin vs. connective tissue grafts for root coverage in adjacent gingival recessions: a systematic review
Authors:   Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Abushama Azza A. , Yousief Salah A. ,   Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,   Department of Crown and Bridge, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Al Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Cairo, Egypt, Abdelglel Ahmed M. Sleem ,   Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Alim Nourelhoda ,   Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan,   Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Almalsi Mohammed Anwar ,   Privat practice, Saudi Arabia, El Sharaki Ahmed Mohamed ,   Zagazig University, Egypt, Mekkey Mahmoud AbdAllah M ,   Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt, Soliman Omar ,   Faculty of Dentistry, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt, Elhaddad Sally Abdelmeniem ,   Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Published: January 2025

Background. Gingival recession is a common periodontal condition causing aesthetic issues, dental hypersensitivity, and cervical abrasion. Treatment involves periodontal plastic surgery with connective tissue grafts, LPRF. Aim. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare L-PRF with CTG in treating GR. Methods and materials. A systematic search of electronic databases found that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients with Miller class I or II gingival recessions treated with L-PRF and periodontal plastic surgery techniques compared to using CTG in combination with periodontal plastic surgery showed a primary gain in clinical attachment level. Statistical analysis used. The analysis of the dichotomous data involved calculating the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), whereas the continuous data was studied by calculating the mean difference (MD) and 95% CI. The I-squared (I2) statistic assessed the heterogeneity. The Egger's regression test was employed to evaluate the presence of publication bias. Results and conclusions. This meta-analysis of fourteen RCTs found no significant difference in CAL gain 6 months postoperatively between L-PRF and CTG. However, CTG was favored in increasing keratinized mucosa width and achieving more relative root coverage compared to L-PRF. There was no significant difference in gingival recession depth change between the two treatments. Both L-PRF and CTG are effective in treating gingival recession, but CTG may provide better improvements in KMW and rRC.
Edukasi Pemanfaatan Limbah Bonggol Jagung Sebagai Makanan Bergizi Bagi Anak Di Desa Lemito Utara
Authors: Amalia Lia , Papeo Dizky Ramadani Putri
Published: January 2025

Proses tumbuh kembang anak dipengaruhi oleh nutrisi pada makanan. Makanan yang sehat merupakan kunci kecukupan gizi balita terpenuhi. Salah satu jenis sumber makanan yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia selain padi adalah jagung. Pemanfaatan jagung sebagai bahan makanan seringkali menghasilkan limbah dari bonggol jagung yang selama ini hanya dimanfaatkan untuk pakan ternak. Perlu ada upaya untuk memanfaatkan limbah bonggol jagung dengan meningkatkan nilai tambahnya, salah satunya dengan mengubahnya menjadi tepung jagung. Upaya ini juga perlu diperkenalkan kepada masyarakat agar mereka dapat memanfaatkan limbah bonggol jagung menjadi tepung jagung yang kemudian dapat diolah sebagai bahan makanan bergizi. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk menjadikan program edukasi dan pelatihan pemanfaatan limbah bonggol jagung sebagai makanan bergizi bagi anak di desa Lemito Utara sebagai program unggulan guna membantu untuk memperbaiki asupan gizi pada anak di Desa Lemito Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan program ini adalah pemberian edukasi serta pelatihan melalui video. Dalam pelaksanaannya, metode ini dibagi menjadi beberapa tahap, yakni tahap pencarian bonggol jagung segar, pencucian, pengeringan, penghalusan hingga menjadi tepung dan membuatnya menjadi produk yang banyak dikonsumsi, yakni pancake. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan edukasi dan pelatihan pemanfaatan limbah bonggol jagung sebagai makanan bergizi bagi anak di desa lemito utara untuk mencegah stunting berhasil menambah pengetahuan dan pemahaman bagi ibu yang menyusui dan memiliki anak dan balita di TK Kemuning tentang manfaat dari limbah bonggol jagung.
A Study of Nutritional status and Dietary intake of Lactating women in Benghazi, Libya
Authors: El-Mani Souad F. , M. Mansour Reima , Idris Abdella Hanan Mohammed , Eltuhami Ashmisa , Salem Bozaid Fawzia M. , Haque Doha , Almadnay Aya , Elmabsout Ali Ateia
Published: January 2025

Breastfeeding is a natural process that provides essential nutrition for the healthy growth and development of infants. Proper maternal nutrition is crucial for maintaining both the mother's and the infant's health. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of lactating women in Benghazi, Libya. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a randomly selected sample of N=202 lactating women from Benghazi Medical Center and Pediatric Hospital. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary recall, and analyzed using SPSS. The majority of participants were aged 30±5 years, with 62.9% having an income between 500 and 1,000 Libyan dinars. About 64% of the women were either overweight or obese. The mean daily energy intake was 1571±581 kcal, with carbohydrate and protein intake significantly below the recommended levels, while fat intake was close to the recommended range. Additionally, a large proportion of the women were anemic, particularly those with low incomes and those breastfeeding for more than six months. The current study concluded that most lactating women were consuming nearly sufficient amounts of fat, but their intake of energy, carbohydrates, and protein fell below the recommended dietary allowances. Over half of the women were overweight or obese, and a majority was anemic, with higher prevalence among low-income women and those breastfeeding longer. Nutritional interventions and education programs are recommended to improve the dietary habits and overall health of lactating women.
Prediction of simulated factory layout throughput using artificial intelligence
Authors: Eschemann Patrick , Nieße Astrid , Sauer Jürgen
Published: January 2025

The use of artificial neural networks for the optimisation of factory layouts is not a common practice, primarily due to the challenge of collecting sufficient layout data to form datasets for artificial intelligence (AI) model training. This paper presents a supervised learning method derived from a PhD thesis that employs neural networks to assess factory layouts. The training data is generated using a random layout algorithm, which is capable of producing numerous layouts. These layouts are then labeled through a discrete event simulation. The combination of layouts and simulation metrics serves as the training basis for the neural network. The AI framework integrates a convolutional neural network with a multilayer perceptron, which is capable of handling both tabular and image data. Ultimately, this allows us to calculate of the simulated throughput.
Lessons from the High-resolution Spectroscopy of AW UMa and ϵ CrA: Is the Lucy Model Valid?
Authors: Rucinski Slavek M.
Published: January 2025

A re-examination of high-resolution spectral monitoring of the W UMa–type binaries AW UMa and ϵ CrA casts doubt on the widely utilized L. B. Lucy model of contact binaries. The detection of the very faint profile of the secondary component in AW UMa leads to a new spectroscopic determination of the mass ratio, q
sp = 0.092 ± 0.007, which is close to the previous, medium-resolution spectroscopic result of T. Pribulla & S. M. Rucinski, q
sp = 0.101 ± 0.006, and remains substantially different from a cluster of generally accepted photometric results by several authors, concentrated around q
ph = 0.080 ± 0.005. A survey of binaries with the best-determined values of the mass ratio shows a common tendency for q
ph < q
sp. The tendency for systematically smaller values of q
ph may result from the overfilling of the primary lobe and underfilling of the secondary lobe relative to the Roche model geometry, as predicted by the K. Stȩpień model. Despite the observed moderate inter-systemic velocities, the photometric Lucy model may remain useful in providing approximate, though biased, results for the mass ratio. A complicating factor in detailed spectral analysis may be the occurrence of Enhanced Spectral-line Perturbations (ESPs) projected over the secondary profiles, appearing in different numbers in the two studied binaries. The ESPs are tentatively identified within the Stȩpień model as collision fronts or fountains of primary-component gas from the circumbinary, energy-carrying flow.
Persistence and Burn-in in Solar Coronal Magnetic Field Simulations
Authors: Hall Eric J. , Meyer Karen A. , Yeates Anthony R.
Published: January 2025

Simulations of solar phenomena play a vital role in space-weather prediction. A critical computational question for automating research workflows in the context of data-driven solar coronal magnetic field simulations is quantifying a simulation's burn-in time, after which a solar quantity has evolved away from an arbitrary initial condition to a physically more realistic state. A challenge to quantifying simulation burn-in is that the underlying solar processes and data, like many physical phenomena, are non-Markovian and exhibit long memory or persistence and, therefore, their analysis evades standard statistical approaches. In this work, we provide evidence of long memory in the nonperiodic variations of solar quantities (including over timescales significantly shorter than previously identified) and demonstrate that magnetofrictional simulations capture the memory structure present in magnetogram data. We also provide an algorithm for the quantitative assessment of simulation burn-in time that can be applied to nonstationary time series with long memory. Our approach is based on time-delayed mutual information, an information-theoretic quantity, and includes a small-sample bias correction.
An Effect Study of Structural Jets on the Long Gamma-Ray Burst Formation Rate at Low Redshift
Authors: Guo Qi , Tan Qi , Shi Benyun
Published: January 2025

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are considered the most violent explosions in the Universe. Numerous studies have analyzed the formation rate of long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs), which originate from the core collapse of massive stars, in comparison with the star formation rate (SFR). It is found that the LGRB formation rate at redshift z < 1 is significantly distinct from the SFR and is higher. Moreover, due to the threshold of detectors, the structured jets of GRBs also affect detection numbers at different redshifts, which all influence the calculation of the formation rate. Thus we investigate the LGRB formation rate at low redshift and further explore the possible correlation between the LGRB formation rate under the influence of structural jets and the SFR. We use Lynden-Bell's c
− method to study the luminosity function and rate of Swift LGRBs without any assumptions. After correcting for the redshift evolution, the luminosity function can be expressed as

ψ
(

L
0

)
∝

L
0

−
0.17
±
0.01

for dim LGRBs and

ψ
(

L
0

)
∝

L
0

−
1.36
±
0.05

for bright LGRBs, and the formation rate at z < 1 shows an increase. Then we use Monte Carlo simulations to create pseudo-GRBs with structured jets and calculate the formation rates assuming that the actual LGRB formation rate at low redshift is proportional to the SRF. The results demonstrate that structural jets increase the number of detections at low redshift in response to observational effects. Compared with the observed formation rate, the structured jet model with Gauss-cocoon is found to be relatively more efficient, and the parameters η of this model are limited and analyzed to [0.5, 5].
The Multiple Extended Tidal Tails of NGC 288
Authors: Grillmair Carl J.
Published: January 2025

Using photometry and proper motions from Pan-STARRS, DECaLS, and Gaia Data Release 3, we detect a ∼35°–70° long trailing stellar debris stream associated with the globular cluster NGC 288. The trajectory of the trailing tail is not well matched by a model stream evolved in a static Galactic potential, but is reasonably well matched by a stream modeled in a potential that incorporates a massive, infalling Large Magellanic Cloud. We also detect a broad, at least ∼40° long leading tail that appears to be composed of at least two narrower, spatially offset, and kinematically distinct streams. Stream modeling predicts a similar broad composite of streams and suggests that these narrower components could each be made up of one or more generations of tidal tails, each formed during different orbits over the past few gigayears. On the other hand, NGC 288 is believed to have been brought into the Galactic halo during the Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage accretion event, and the tangential velocity dispersions of our stream candidates are indeed mostly consistent with having been stripped in a parent galaxy that had a large, cored dark matter halo. Tables of the most highly ranked stream star candidates are provided for ongoing and future spectroscopic surveys.
A new process with zero emissions for truly biodegradable plastics
Authors: García Joan , Gonzalez-Flo Eva
Published: January 2025

The widespread use of petrol-based plastics has led to an environmental problem, as these materials are prone to abandonment, breaking down into microplastics and nanoplastics that harm living organisms. While biodegradable plastics are seen as a solution, their global production still remains modest at 1.3 million tons in 2022 (vs. 400 million tons of petrol-based plastics). Moreover, many such plastics fail to biodegrade efficiently under all environmental conditions (marine, soil, rivers, etc.). Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a type of bioplastics naturally produced by microorganisms. They are a promising alternative because they degrade completely in soil, water, and marine environments. However, their industrial production is still limited and needs further research and investment to scale up.

Commercially produced PHA is nowadays highly energy-intensive and relies heavily on organic raw materials and clean water, which conflicts with the EU’s goals for a circular, sustainable economy. The current production process is far away from the zero emissions neutral carbon strategy. The EU Horizon 2020 PROMICON project has developed an innovative method that uses photosynthetic microorganisms (cyanobacteria) to produce PHA efficiently. This process uses sunlight, absorbs CO2, and requires minimal organic resources, aligning perfectly with EU bioeconomy goals.
Optimization of sago starch and sodium alginate crosslink, including calcium chloride as a capsule alternative using the simplex lattice design
Authors: Harimurti Sabtanti , Amalia Putri Nur , Sukamdi Dyani Primasari , Widada Hari , Nurul Makiyah Sri Nabawiyati , Kesetyaningsih Tri Wulandari , Ghozali Muhammad Thesa , Susanti Hari
Published: January 2025

Background: Capsule shells are conventionally manufactured using gelatine, primarily sourced from bovine or porcine bones and skins, which presents significant concerns for Muslim consumers. This study seeks to optimize sago starch and sodium alginate crosslinking as viable alternatives to conventional gelatine-derived capsules.

Methods: Utilizing calcium chloride (CaCl₂) as a crosslinking agent, three formulations were developed: F1 (100% sago starch), F2 (50% sago starch, 50% sodium alginate), and F3 (100% sodium alginate). The Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) was employed to determine the optimal capsule characteristics.

Results: Formula F2 showed optimal characteristics with 8.165% weight uniformity deviation, 49.607% water swelling, and a destruction time of 9 minutes, 25 seconds. FTIR confirmed hydroxyl groups with absorption shifts of 1463.6–1389.06 cm-1 in F2 and 1476.7–1394.81 cm-1 in F3.

Conclusion: CaCl₂ proved effective for crosslinking sago starch and sodium alginate. SLD identified a 10% starch, 90% alginate ratio as optimal, enhancing capsule uniformity and stability.
Pour ne pas en finir avec la souveraineté
Authors: Stanziani Alessandro , Spector Céline , Nasr Clémence , Sabaté Marc-Antoine
Published: January 2025

Le concept de souveraineté n’est-il pas condamné à l’obsolescence dans un monde globalisé où les sources et les lieux d’exercice du pouvoir sont de plus en plus fragmentés, et où les crises environnementales bouleversent la stabilité du sol sur lequel l’État-nation territorialisé s’est historiquement construit ? Les appels à la souveraineté industrielle, énergétique, alimentaire, sanitaire, numérique, etc., semblent pourtant se renforcer à mesure que s’actualisent ces différentes crises. Comment expliquer cette inflation contemporaine du vocabulaire de la souveraineté ? Et surtout, quelles sont les raisons pour lesquelles la souveraineté demeure malgré tout un concept indépassable pour s’orienter et agir tant au niveau national qu’en deçà et au-delà ? Telles sont les questions discutées dans cet entretien avec Céline Spector et Alessandro Stanziani, qui, en s’appuyant sur la lecture de leurs ouvrages respectifs, No Démos ? et Capital Terre , cherche des pistes de réponses au carrefour de la philosophie politique et de l’histoire économique et environnementale. Un horizon commun aux deux auteur·ices se dégage de la discussion : d’une part, le rappel de la diversité des sources historiques de la souveraineté et des possibles non advenus, qui font rétrospectivement apparaître des horizons alternatifs au devenir néolibéral et souverainiste de l’Europe, de l’autre, la défense d’un usage démocratique de la souveraineté comme point d’appui pour le renforcement des institutions représentatives et des services publics, en particulier au niveau de l’Union européenne et de ses différents territoires.
Properties of fractional generalized entropy in ordered variables and symmetry testing
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Said , Almuqrin Muqrin A.
Published: January 2025

Uncertainty measures are widely used in various statistical applications, including hypothesis testing and characterizations. Numerous generalizations of information measures with different extensions have been developed. Inspired by this, our study introduced the principle of the fractional generalized entropy measure and investigated its properties through stochastic comparisons and characterizations using order statistics and upper random variables. We explored the monotonicity and symmetry properties of the fractional generalized entropy, emphasizing conditions under which it uniquely identified the parent distribution. In the case of distributions that were completely continuous, The symmetrical nature of order statistics suggested that symmetry of the underpinning distribution. Based on the fractional generalized entropy measure in non-parametric estimate of order statistics, a new test for the symmetry hypothesis was put forward. This test offered the supremacy of not requiring the symmetry center to be specified. Additionally, an example of real-world data was shown to illustrate how the suggested technique might be applied.
Descriptive analysis of TikTok content on vaccination in Arabic
Authors: Sallam Malik , Al-Mahzoum Kholoud , Alkandari Lujain , Shabakouh Aisha , Shabakouh Asmaa , Ali Abiar , Alenezi Fajer , Barakat Muna
Published: January 2025

The extensive impact of social media on communication of public health information is a growing concern. This is particularly worrying in the context of vaccination. Thus, we investigated the quality of TikTok videos regarding vaccination in Arabic, with examination of the association of video source and content type with the information quality and video engagement metrics. The final sample comprised a total of 129 TikTok videos in Arabic posted between January 2021 and July 2024. Videos were categorized based on the source [healthcare professional (HCPs), lay individuals, media], and content type (COVID-19 vaccination, childhood vaccination, general vaccination, others). We utilized a miniaturized version of the DISCERN instrument (mini-DISCERN) scale to evaluate information quality by two independent raters and assessed video engagement metrics (Likes, Comments, Shares, and Saves). The results indicated a statistically significant discrepancy in information quality, with videos from HCPs and media outlets scoring higher on the mini-DISCERN scale compared to those from lay individuals [mean: (4.818 ± 0.726) vs. (4.053 ± 1.441) vs. (2.003 ± 1.640), P < 0.001]. The highest information quality was found for videos on childhood vaccination, whereas content on COVID-19 vaccination was rated significantly lower on mini-DISCERN [mean: (4.510 ± 1.269) vs. (2.542 ± 1.827), P < 0.001]. Videos with higher engagement metrics, particularly those from lay individuals, were negatively correlated with information quality. Linear regression analysis confirmed the significant influence of the creator background (β = −0.618, P < 0.001) and video topic (β = 0.179, P = 0.009) on information quality. This study highlights the critical role of content creator background and topic on the quality of vaccination-related information on TikTok in Arabic. We emphasize the need for stringent verification of TikTok content, especially from lay individuals, as videos with higher engagement metrics often contained lower-quality information regarding vaccination. We recommend enhanced support for content from HCPs and targeted digital literacy programs to combat vaccine misinformation on TikTok effectively.
Power System Harmonics Estimation by the SWPT-Based Digital Design Implemented on FPGA Platform
Authors: Baraskar Savita
Published: January 2025

The quick and accurate estimation of time-varying harmonics is crucial for online monitoring, analysis, and control of the electrical power system. This research paper presents a stationary wavelet packet transform (SWPT) based digital design implemented on the FPGA platform for efficient and fast amplitude estimation of the power system harmonics. The time-invariant property of the SWPT technique plays a crucial role in ensuring the accurate amplitude estimation of harmonic components. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed SWPT-based digital design have been assessed with synthetic and experimental test signals generated on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The SWPT technique has been implemented using Xilinx system generator (XSG)/Vivado design suite 20.1 on the Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA AC-701 board. Performance evaluation of the suggested SWPT-based digital design has been carried out in terms of timing requirements, resource utilization, and hardware accuracy with the stationary and time-varying power signals. With the reported performance parameters, the proposed digital design can estimate the power system's harmonics in a single fundamental cycle, or 20 milliseconds for a 50 Hz system. The results showed that the SWPT-based digital design is accurate and robust for estimating time-varying harmonics, demonstrating its practical usefulness. This highlights the potential for using the proposed approach in real-time applications within power systems, where precise harmonic measurement is crucial for efficient operations.
Development of a Low-Cost Irradiance Meter with Remote Data Logger
Authors: Imoleayo Adebisi John , Aduramigba Adebowale Daniel , Melodi Adegoke Oladipo
Published: January 2025

This study presents the design, construction, and performance analysis of a cost-effective solar irradiance meter using photodiodes and operational amplifiers. The device employs a high-speed, low-noise AD8615 operational amplifier in a transimpedance circuit, integrated with a BPW34 photodiode sensor, and an averaging network to minimize noise. An ESP32 microcontroller facilitates remote monitoring by transmitting irradiance data to a Thingspeak server via Wi-Fi. Simulation results showed a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.999983 between current and irradiance, while practical tests demonstrated a correlation of 0.9961 between the device and a reference meter. The project achieved a significant reduction in cost, approximately 8% of traditional pyranometer prices. The strategy of using multiple photodiodes and averaging their outputs effectively mitigates noise and directional errors, making this device versatile for various solar irradiance measurement applications.
Research Dexterity in Tertiary Education
Authors: Munasinghe Harsha
Published: January 2025

No abstract available
Redefining the burden of anaemia in Sri Lanka
Authors: Basnayake L. S.
Published: January 2025

No abstract available
Detection of anti-A and anti-B haemagglutinin titre in blood group O donor plasma and its correlation to donor age and gender
Authors: Hettiarachchi S. S. M. , Gunawardana K. B. , Welivitiya T.
Published: January 2025

Although blood group O donors are considered as universal donors, their plasma contains both types of antibodies; anti-A and anti-B. These antibodies can cause acute haemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR) due to passive transfer of antibodies. These antibodies can be detected using titration techniques. Titers 1:64 or higher is considered as the high tittered antibody levels for IgM type anti-A and anti-B and titers 1:32 or lower is considered as low tittered antibody levels. This cross-sectional analytical study was aimed to determine the anti- A and anti-B haemagglutinin titre in blood group O donor plasma and its correlation to donor age and gender. The study sample consist of a total of 132 blood group O donor samples received to the blood bank, Teaching Hospital Karapitiya (THK), over a period of one month from March to April 2022. Samples were analyzed using standard tube technique. The study sample consisted of 44.6% females and 55.3% males, and their ages ranged from 18 to 60 years. In this sample there were 45.5% donors with high antibody titres and it was observed that the donor frequencies for both anti- A and anti-B titres were higher in females than in males. The highest titres (1:128) were observed among female donors aged 29-38 years. Furthermore, the results of this study show a significant correlation between donor age and high titers among young donors, compared to older donors. Among both female and male donors, the highest antibody titres were found in age groups 18-28 and 28-38. Therefore, the risk of being a dangerous donor is higher among younger donors (18-38) than the older donors (48-55). Findings of this study confirm the necessity to perform prior titrations during transfusion of blood group O donor products, especially for products containing high volume of plasma. Low tittered O donor blood products can be used for safe transfusions during out of group transfusions, preventing transfusion reactions.
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis: A Clinicopathologic Review of Two Cases
Authors: Santosh Tummidi , Sharma Tanya , Joshi Deepti , Asati Dinesh Prasad , Choudhary Sanjeev Vijay , Kapoor Neelkamal
Published: January 2025

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare autosomal recessive disease involving the immune system. It presents as pityriasis versicolor-like or warty papules, the onset being from early childhood at the face, dorsum of hands and feet. It can also occur as an acquired entity in patients with immunocompromised status, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and immunosuppressant therapy. Hereby, we report two cases of EV, histologically diagnosed on skin punch biopsy, both presented with a clinical history of macular/verrucous lesions in various sun-exposed body regions. One of the cases was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ from the lesion on the left forehead. EV is associated with beta-human papillomavirus infection and later the progression to malignancy. Early detection and preventive measures can help in the progression of the disease to Bowen’s disease or invasive SCC.
A Case of Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Exacerbated Blaschkoid Lichen Planus
Authors: Agarwal Deepika , Yadav Vandana , Priyadarshi Divya , Khan Arphool
Published: January 2025

Lichen planus (LP) is an idiopathic dermatosis of skin and mucus membrane and exhibits certain variants, of which blaschkoid LP, a rare entity holds an estimated prevalence of 0.24%–0.68%. Its manifestation post-COVID-19 vaccination is being reported in the literature. A case with dermoscopy and histopathology suggestive of LP with morphology as blaschkoid pattern is discussed here.
Subungual Bowen’s Disease: Clinical Mimicker of Subungual Melanoma
Authors: Rani Ritu , Sharma Reena Kumari , Gupta Mudita
Published: January 2025

Bowen’s disease (BD) is a benign epidermal premalignant tumor histopathologically characterized by the presence of dysplastic cells limited to the epidermis. Subungual BD is a less commonly described entity and involvement of toenails is even rarer probably because of less cosmetic concern, especially in elderly males. As clinical characteristics of subungual BD are not clearly defined, creating diagnostic dilemma with various benign and malignant diseases such as fungal infections with nail pigmentation and subungual melanoma, respectively. The patient is often misdiagnosed to be having benign and malignant diseases such as fungal infections and warts, leading to delay in diagnosis. We report a case of subungual BD simulating melanoma in a 75-year-old male.
Beyond the Common Causes of Palmoplantar Keratoderma: Papillon–Lefevre Syndrome with a Unique Mutation
Authors: Srinivasa Sanjanaa , Ballal Sumedha , Tilak Preetha , Murali Savitha , Jithendriya Madhukara
Published: January 2025

Papillon–Lefevre syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive type of syndromic palmoplantar keratoderma, associated with ectodermal dysplasia. It is also known as keratoderma with periodontitis. This condition can cause irreversible loss of dentition with onset in early childhood and predispose to recurrent systemic infections. The characteristic clinical features include transgradient palmoplantar keratoderma along with psoriasiform plaques on the knees and elbows, periodontitis, gingivitis, and loss of teeth. There are few reports of this rare condition worldwide. Here, we report the case of a 45-year-old male, born to a third-degree consanguineous marriage, presenting with hyperkeratotic lesions on palms, soles, and knees from 1 year of age, followed by attrition of teeth from 7 years of age and loss of all teeth by the age of 18 years. Genetic analysis revealed a rare mutation in the cathepsin C gene.
Cyclophosphamide: An Overview
Authors: Bubna Aditya Kumar
Published: January 2025

Cyclophosphamide (CPE) is an alkylating agent that has shown to have a wide range of applications in dermatology. Although not a first-line drug for any of the dermatological disorders, it has been found to be useful as a second-line drug in unresponsive cases. A major drawback of CPE is its toxicity profile. Nevertheless, if used with caution, it can prove to be of immense value in dermatologic practice.
A study to assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding management of preterm babies among staff nurses at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Mushtaq Nusrat , Tabasum Syed Rafia , Naik Sajad Hussain , Amin Noorul
Published: January 2025

AIM AND OBJECTIVES:

The study was conducted with an aim to improve the knowledge of staff nurses regarding management of preterm babies and to assess the effectiveness of SIM related to improvement in knowledge of staff nurses regarding management of preterm babies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A pre -experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was used for the study in order to evaluate the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding management of preterm babies among staff nurses in SKIMS Soura Srinagar. Purposive-convenient sampling technique was used for selection of 60 staff nurses from accessible population. The prepared tool (self-structured knowledge questionnaire) and intervention (self-instructional module) were validated by a panel of experts. Pre-testing of the tool and Intervention was done to check them for the clarity and feasibility. Pilot study was conducted on staff nurses who were excluded from the main study. Pre-test was done on a group of 60 staff nurses by administering structured questionnaire followed by self-instructional module on the same day and on day 7th post-test was conducted by using same questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS:

The knowledge level of study subjects regarding management of preterm babies showed that that majority i.e 53 (88.33%) staff nurses had moderate knowledge, 7 (11.67%) had inadequate knowledge and none of the staff nurses had adequate knowledge regarding management of preterm babies in the pretest while as 33 (55%) staff nurses had moderate knowledge, 27 (45%) staff nurses had adequate knowledge and none of staff nurses had inadequate knowledge regarding management of preterm babies in the posttest. The comparison of pre and post-test knowledge of staff nurses revealed that there was significant increase in post-test knowledge level (40.75±1.94) of study subjects and was highly significant than pre-test knowledge level (20.78±4.24) and was found to be significant at p < 0.001 thus indicating the effectiveness of self-instructional module. The study revealed that there was significant association between pretest knowledge level with selected demographic variables [age in years (0.002), marital status (0.007), professional education (0.000), working experience in years (0.007) and number of children (0.05)].

CONCLUSION:

The findings of the study concluded that staff nurses were having inadequate knowledge regarding management of preterm babies. The self-informational module was found effective in increasing the knowledge level of staff nurses.
Socio-demographic background on malnutrition in under-5-year-old-pupils of selected public primary schools in Osun Central Senatorial District, Nigeria
Authors: Samson Adeogun Adedayo , Olufunlayo Adeoti Caroline , Oluremi Odedeji Joshua , Victor Odunlade Tunji , Adebayo Arogundade Lateef , Omobolaji Ogunshola Folusho
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

Malnutrition can be a life-threatening disease if it is not managed well at its onset, especially among young children. It contributes to a high mortality rate, cognitive impairment, and lifelong health issues for the affected person.

OBJECTIVE:

This study seeks to determine the prevalence of malnutrition (wasting and underweight) and its association with the socio-demographic background of under-5-year-olds within Osun Central Senatorial.

STUDY POPULATION AND METHOD:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Osun Senatorial Districts of Osun State. A total of 300 students were randomly selected, and semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain socio-demographic information on respondents. Anthropometric measurements of the weight and height of the respondents were taken. The body mass index and wasting were computed using WHO Anthro Plus software. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (20). Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used to describe the items included in the survey.

RESULTS:

Four (1.3%) out of 300 respondents were not wasted, 20 (6.7%) were moderately wasted, and 276 (92.0%) were severely wasted. Also, 45 (15.0%) had a normal weight, 56 (18.7%) were underweight, and 199 (66.3%) were severely underweight.

CONCLUSION:

The prevalence of wasting (98.7%) and underweight (85%) was high in this study.
Women’s experiences of abnormal uterine bleeding and treatment in Kashmir: A mixed methods study
Authors: Kausar Zeenat , Bashir Khalid , Bhat Ghulam Mohammad , Khan Shahzada Muhammad Salim
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a prevalent gynecological condition affecting 10–30% of women of reproductive age, significantly impairing physical, psychological, and social well-being. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of women with AUB and assess its impact on their quality of life in the context of Kashmir, India.

OBJECTIVES:

The objectives of the study are as follows: (1) To explore the lived experiences of women with AUB and assess the impact of AUB on their quality of life. (2) To assess the quality of life of the AUB patients using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A mixed methods study was conducted at Lal Ded Hospital, Kashmir, involving qualitative in-depth interviews and a quantitative survey. Fourteen women with AUB participated in interviews exploring their experiences with symptoms, treatment, and coping mechanisms. Thematic analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s six-step method. The quantitative component involved a survey of 70 women using the WHOQOL-BREF instrument to assess quality of life across four domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data.

RESULTS:

Thematic analysis identified five key themes: (1) limited health literacy and misconceptions about AUB, (2) normalization of symptoms due to menstrual taboos, (3) communication challenges with healthcare providers, (4) cultural influences on treatment-seeking behavior, and (5) psychological distress leading to diminished quality of life. Quantitative findings showed a significant decline in quality of life with increasing age, with the lowest scores observed in women aged 50 and above. Women with higher educational attainment reported better quality of life across all domains. The strongest correlation was found between physical health and social relationships, indicating a significant interconnection between these two aspects of quality of life.

CONCLUSION:

AUB significantly compromises the quality of life of women in Kashmir, compounded by cultural stigmas and healthcare access barriers. Strategies to improve health literacy, normalize menstrual health discussions, and enhance patient-provider communication are critical for addressing the burden of AUB and improving women’s overall well-being.
Our experiences in running Certificate in Health Professions Education course at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Buksh Hudebia Allah , Ujjan Ikramuddin , Memon Shazia
Published: January 2025

One of the core roles of healthcare professionals working in medical, dental, nursing, and allied health sciences institutes is of a teacher. Teachers have to play multiple roles, for which capacity development is essential for understanding the basic and applied concepts of health profession education (HPE). A Certificate in Health Professions Education (CHPE) course, of 6-month duration, is necessary for faculty members to learn about the basic concepts and basics of applied concepts of HPE. Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan, started its CHPE course in 2021. The committee designed the curriculum and developed the admission policy and implementation strategy in 2020. The course has three modules titled teaching/learning, assessment, and curriculum. Three 4-day face-to-face interactive contact sessions are conducted at 2-monthly intervals; in between, vignette-based assignments are given to candidates. The assessment consists of three components: internal assessment during each contact session, assessment of assignments, and exit exam. Between 2021 and 2023, 144 candidates qualified in six batches. Overall verbal feedback was positive, and candidates seemed to be satisfied with content, process, and proceedings of the course; the long-term impact cannot be deduced from immediate feedback. We believe that the CHPE course builds the capacity of professionals of HPE as a teacher.
Policy recommendations for sustainable Universal Health Coverage implementation in Jammu and Kashmir: A scoping review
Authors: Rasool Shafiqa , Geer Mohammad Ishaq
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Universal Health Coverage (UHC) means that all individuals receive the healthcare services they need without incurring financial hardships. Jammu and Kashmir encounters significant healthcare challenges due to its difficult terrain, occasionally resulting in disruptions in the functionality of the healthcare delivery system. At present, the hospital-centric model is contributing to increased healthcare costs. The greatest challenge to improve healthcare outcomes and achieve UHC lies in the adoption of integrated primary care services. This article presents policy recommendations specific to Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) that are required to develop comprehensive healthcare policy framework and facilitate integration in primary healthcare services.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A scoping review was conducted utilizing the framework established by Arksey and O’Malley (2005), which included six steps: (1) formulating the research question; (2) locating pertinent studies; (3) choosing a study; (4) creating data charts; (5) analyzing and summarizing the data; and (6) conducting a consultation exercise. Data analysis was done using framework analysis.

RESULTS:

The recommendations span multiple dimensions of UHC, including service coverage, financial coverage, and population coverage. By prioritizing primary care and preventive healthcare measures, J&K can effectively address the rising burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and enhance the health of its people.

NOVELTY:

This study explores the features of a comprehensive healthcare system that encompasses all the three dimensions of UHC such as financial coverage, service coverage, and population coverage. The integrated healthcare system has the potential to transform the healthcare landscape by promoting holistic and integrated care, personalized medicine, and evidence-based insights for preventive care and disease management. Together, these steps would improve healthcare outcomes, enhance patient experience, reduce cost of care, and increase efficiency and evidence-based decision making.
Incidentally Detected McCleery Syndrome during Handheld Breast Ultrasound
Authors: Arslan Aydan , Güldoğan Nilgün , Fidanci Özlem , Balkanli Bahadır
Published: January 2025

Background:

The goal of our study is to identify the prevalence of McCleery syndrome and categorize its clinical manifestations in patients who obtained a diagnostic breast ultrasonography at our clinic.

Methods:

Five thousand four hundred and twenty cases were reviewed in our clinic for diagnostic breast imaging between May 2021 and May 2022. Five thousand three hundred and two of the cases were female, while 118 were male. Duplex Doppler scanning was used to assess the subclavian vein and the axillary venous structures. The same radiologist performed all examinations; in cases where suspicion was warranted, a second radiologist’s opinion was acquired. The diagnosis was confirmed by consensus.

Results:

In 52 cases, McCleery syndrome was identified. Between the ages of 36 and 54 years, the average age was 47 years. In four of the patients, magnetic resonance venography supported the diagnosis. In most cases, McCleery syndrome was unilateral. In only two cases was it bilateral. The incidence of McCleery syndrome was 0.95% in our study. Pain was the most often reported symptom (53.8% of 28 cases). No symptoms were reported in 26.9% of the patients.

Conclusion:

During a breast ultrasound, radiologists should be aware of McCleery syndrome while assessing the axilla.