bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ganoderma lucidum cultivation in forests on soil organic carbon pool and microbial community physiological profiles
Authors: Xu Yi , Hu Yingbing , jin Jin , He Shiyang , Wu Weihua , Tang Zhangxuan , Wu Jiasen , Ye Limin
Published: June 2024

Non-timber forest products increase forests resource utilization efficiency and promote rural areas economic development. Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. (Reishi) is a mushroom having great potential being cultivated as NFTPs. However, there is still a lack of effects about cultivating Reishi in forests on soil organic carbon (C) pool and microbial community, which are important for designing sustainable cultivating strategies. Therefore, this study sampled and analyzed soil from forests cultivated Reishi at 2, 4, and 6 years (LZ2, LZ4, and LZ6, respectively), and in reference natural evergreen broad-leaved forest (CK). Our results manifested that, compared with CK, LZ2 slightly increased total organic carbon (TOC), and significantly increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) content by 29.99% and 28.67%, respectively ( P < 0.05). Besides, compared with CK, LZ2 significantly increased the ratio of MBC/TOC and WSOC/TOC by 37.50% and 35.00%, respectively ( P < 0.05). In contrast, these parameters decreased in LZ4 and LZ6 slightly, compared with CK. Consequently, LZ2 had the highest average well-color development values and microbial functional diversity indexes, while these parameters declined in LZ4 and LZ6, compared with CK. As a result, microbial community functional structure in LZ2 was different from that in LZ4, and LZ6, while that in LZ4 and LZ6 showed similarity, according to the principal component analysis and PERMANOVA test.
Reflection structures and spin-statistics in low dimensions
Authors: Müller Lukas , Stehouwer Luuk
Published: June 2024

We give a complete classification of topological field theories with reflection structure and spin-statistics in one and two spacetime dimensions. Our answers can be naturally expressed in terms of an internal fermionic symmetry group [Formula: see text], which is different from the spacetime structure group. Fermionic groups encode symmetries of systems with fermions and time-reversing symmetries. We show that 1-dimensional topological field theories with reflection structure and spin-statistics are classified by finite-dimensional Hermitian representations of [Formula: see text]. In spacetime dimension 2 we give a classification in terms of strongly [Formula: see text]-graded stellar Frobenius algebras. Our proofs are based on the cobordism hypothesis. Along the way, we develop some useful tools for the computation of homotopy fixed points of 2-group actions on bicategories.
A Magnetically Coupled Piezoelectric Ocean Wave Energy Harvester for Self-Powered Low-Power Appliances
Authors: Zhang Baifu , Zhao Zhen , Li Yongxin , Fan Duxing , Zhang Xu
Published: June 2024

The ocean contains abundant wave energy, which can be used as a new regenerative energy for power generation and provide energy for self-powered low-power appliances, realizing in situ energy utilization. Then, it can effectively promote the sustainable development strategy of the ocean and bring huge energy and social and environmental benefits. This paper proposes a magnetically coupled piezoelectric ocean wave energy harvester (MPWEH) system for wave energy harvesting. The MPWEH system includes four modules: energy harvesting, force magnification, piezoelectric power generation, and energy storage module. The energy harvesting module moves up and down in the tube body with the wave, effectively capturing and absorbing the wave energy and transforming the harvesting module’s motion into the interaction repulsive force between magnets. Then, the force magnification module amplified the magnetic force and applied it to the polarization direction of the piezoelectric ceramic to self-power the low-power appliances. This research carried out the feasibility verification experiment with the MPWEH prototype, and the results show that when the period is 3[Formula: see text]s, and the amplitude is 2[Formula: see text]m, the maximum voltage can reach 15[Formula: see text]V, and the maximum power can reach 12.85[Formula: see text]mW. Take Jiaozhou Bay Bridge as an example. The MPWEH system’s energy harvesting potential is studied, and the annual power generation of all the acquisition devices can reach 55.72[Formula: see text]kWh, which can be enough energy to supply the sensors on the cross-sea bridge.
Radiative Double-Diffusive Mixed Convection Flow in a Non-Newtonian Hybrid Nanofluid Over a Vertical Deformable Sheet with Thermophoretic Particle Deposition Effects
Authors: Alharbi Latifah Falah , Khan Umair , Al-Toref Gadah Abdulrahman , Zaib Aurang , Shah S. H. A. M. , Ishak Anuar , Salih Waafa , Hussain Syed Modassir
Published: June 2024

Purpose: A key step in the propagation of microparticles across temperature gradients, thermophoresis deposition of particles is important for electrical and aerosol technologies. Thus, the impact of thermophoresis deposition of particles is encountered in a mixed convective flow of Williamson hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) across a stretching/shrinking sheet to monitor the fluctuation of mass deposition.

Design/methodology/approach: The transformation is used to transmute the PDEs into ODEs and then the bvp4c approach is applied to solve the modified governing equations of the problem. Graphs are used to illustrate the key variables that influence the heat, mass and flow profiles.

Findings: The results suggest that the mass transfer rate (MTR) decreases for both solutions due to the higher consequences of the thermophoretic parameter. In addition, the developed impact of the radiation parameter and the posited hybrid nanoparticles markedly raise the heat transfer rate (HTR) for both solutions. Hybrid nanoparticles are effective for generating maximum energy. They play a crucial role in providing a high rate of acceleration in the flow.

Practical implications: The stable outcomes of this examination could be very helpful in improving the energy efficiency of thermal systems.

Originality/value: The double-diffusive non-Newtonian Williamson fluid by incorporating nanofluids across a vertical stretching/shrinking sheet with thermal radiation has not been considered yet. The obtained numerical results have been validated with the published work to validate the numerical method.
Leveraging Social Media to Gauge Public Opinion on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management
Authors: Shafahi Sara , Alemtabriz Akbar , Motameni Alireza
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the rapid advancement of technology has led to a significant increase in the global use of electrical and electronic devices. This has resulted in a surge in the generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), a critical component of the complex solid waste management process. Since consumers play a major role in generating WEEE, understanding their perspectives on WEEE disposal is essential for developing effective management strategies. This study employs a combined approach utilizing quantitative methods, such as the analysis of 2,905,579 Twitter tweets collected from May 2019 to April 2022, and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) technique, to identify appropriate end-of-life (EOL) options for WEEE. While there have been numerous studies on factors influencing consumer participation in WEEE disposal programs, no prior research has focused on identifying suitable EOL options for WEEE. A review of the literature revealed that factors such as ease of access to recycling centers, awareness, distrust in governments, financial incentives, charitable contributions, and concerns about data disclosure influence consumers’ decisions to participate in WEEE disposal programs. Additionally, four EOL options, namely re-use, remanufacturing, recycling, and disposal, were suggested for these products. Subsequently, the FAHP technique was used to examine the relationships between these options, and a suitable EOL option was recommended for each factor. The findings of this research can serve as a valuable tool in the WEEE management process, aiding in the development of effective strategies for WEEE disposal and contributing to a more sustainable approach to handling electronic waste.
Forecast of the Impact of Degradation Modes on a Commercial Hard Carbon / Na3V2(PO4)2F3 -based Na-ion Battery
Authors: Dubarry Matthieu , Beck David
Published: June 2024

Commercial Na-ion batteries are now becoming available with performance forecasted to be similar to that of their Lithium counterparts. On the many diagnosis and prognosis techniques developed for Li-ion batteries in the past four decades, it is essential to assess how many could be directly transferred to Na-ion batteries. In particular, the degradation modes approach is among the most interesting to test because it is widely used and allows to forecast the voltage response of the cells upon degradation. This work investigates the applicability of this approach to a commercial Na-ion cell comprising hard carbon and sodium vanado-fluorophosphate electrodes.
β-Cell keratin 8 maintains islet mechanical integrity, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and β-cell glucose transporter 2 plasma membrane targeting
Authors: Baghestani Sarah , Haldin Caroline , Kosijer Petar , Alam Catharina M. , Toivola Diana M.
Published: June 2024

Keratin 8 is the main cytoskeletal protein in the cytoplasmic intermediate filament network in β-cells. Here for the first time, we assessed the β-cell autonomous mechanical and nonmechanical roles of keratin 8 in β-cell function. We demonstrated the importance of keratin 8 in islet and β-cell structural integrity, maintaining mitochondrial morphology and GLUT2 plasma membrane targeting.
Acute exercise activates the AHR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in an intensity-dependent manner
Authors: Joisten Niklas , Walzik David , Schenk Alexander , Metcalfe Alan J. , Belen Sergen , Schaaf Kirill , Jacko Daniel , Gehlert Sebastian , Spiliopoulou Polyxeni , Garzinsky Ann-Marie , Thevis Mario , Rappelt Ludwig , Donath Lars , Meuth Sven G. , Bloch Wilhelm , Zimmer Philipp
Published: June 2024

The findings of this study show that acute endurance exercise activates a receptor that has been described to integrate metabolic signals into the immune system. We uncover a potential mechanistic link on how exercise modulates the immune system through the kynurenine pathway-AHR axis, potentially underlying exercise-induced benefits in various chronic diseases and of relevance for other cell types.
Synthesis, Characterization, Optical and Dielectric Properties of NiO and Zn‐Doped NiO Nanostructures: Toward Advanced Applications
Authors: Ali Atizaz , Ahmad Sohail , Usman Muhammad , Khan Nangyaley , Hashim Muhammad , Ali Yasir , Shah Rasool , Rahman Naveed Ur
Published: June 2024

In this current study, hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize distinct nanostructures: pure nickel oxide (NiO), Zn‐doped NiO, and NiO/ZnO composites. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed NiO’s cubic structure, with sizes of 17.01 nm for pure NiO and 30.87 nm for composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed flowerlike morphologies, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) authenticated the elemental composition without any impurities. Ultraviolet–visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy demonstrated heightened absorption in doped and nanocomposite samples. The bandgap energy calculated using Tauc’s plot reduced from 2.95 to 2.55 eV with increase in zinc (Zn) content. In Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) characterization, the Ni–O stretching vibration appeared at 666.7 cm−1 in doped samples, while Zn–O stretching was evident at 586.03 cm−1. Photoluminescence analysis unveiled a strong peak at 470 nm (near band edge) and another at 665 nm (indicative of defects), exhibiting intensified signals in doped and nanocomposite samples due to a higher defect density. The dielectric constant showed increased values at low frequencies attributed to real and space charge polarization. Notably, the conductivity of Zn‐doped and nanocomposite samples displayed an upward trend with frequency due to a higher defect density. This study unveils insights into the intricate optical and electrical properties of these novel nanostructures, showcasing their potential in advanced energy storage applications.
Testing a Population-Based Outreach Intervention for Ovarian Cancer Survivors to Encourage their Close Relatives to Consider Genetic Counseling
Authors: Guan Yue , McBride Colleen M. , Zhao Jingsong , Pentz Rebecca D. , Escoffery Cam , Liu Yuan , Cao Yichun , An Weihua , Shepperd James A. , Ward Kevin C.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Most relatives of women with ovarian cancer are unaware of their increased risk for cancer and their eligibility for genetic counseling. State cancer registries offer a platform to communicate about inherited risk to this population.

Methods:

We conducted a two-arm randomized trial to test a theory-based communication intervention—Your Family Connects (YFC)—compared to the standard Georgia Cancer Registry (GCR) contact. A total of 1,938 eligible ovarian cancer survivors were randomly assigned to either the YFC arm (n = 969) or the Standard Care arm (n = 969). We assessed the number of ovarian cancer survivors and their close relatives who logged on to the study website by arm.

Results:

Survivor reach was significantly higher in the Standard Care arm than YFC (20.8% vs. 15.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). However, reach to relatives was limited to listed relatives in the YFC arm (n = 20, 13.2%), with little participation from those in the Standard Care arm (n = 1, 0.4%). Pooling across arms, minority race, longer time since diagnosis, and older age were all significantly associated with a decreased likelihood that the survivor accessed the website.

Conclusions:

The YFC intervention showed lower effectiveness for engaging survivors but was more effective than Standard Care in engaging at-risk relatives. Other factors (e.g., time since diagnosis) associated with lower reach must be considered in refining future outreach approaches.

Impact:

Partnering with a state cancer registry to foster family communication about inherited cancer risk is feasible but the possibility for broad population reach warrants further testing.
Plantas de cobertura e as inter-relações com a saúde do solo
Authors: Schiebelbein Bruna Emanuele ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Carvalho Martha Lustosa ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Locatelli Jorge Luiz ,   Universidade de São Paulo Escola. Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Mendonça Rafael Santana ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Rodrigues Yasmin Florentino ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Cherubin Mauricio Roberto ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz
Published: June 2024

Atualmente, a literatura sobre plantas de cobertura aborda o desempenho de cada propriedade do solo (física, química e biológica) individualmente. Assim, atendendo ao conceito de multifuncionalidade tratado por diversos artigos, esse ebook busca sintetizar os achados da literatura sobre os mecanismos pelos quais as plantas de cobertura melhoram o desempenho das funções do solo que potencialmente são afetadas pela inclusão de plantas de cobertura no sistema de produção e suas relações diretas e indiretas. A utilização de plantas de cobertura tem o potencial de efetuar diversas modificações benéficas para as propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo e manter sua multifuncionalidade.
A phylogenetically distant clade of Nostoc–like (Cyanobacteria) taxa with the description of Reofilinostoc matlalcueyense gen. et sp. nov. from an extreme environment
Authors: GARDUÑO-SOLÓRZANO GLORIA , MARTÍNEZ-GARCÍA MARTHA , SCOTTA HENTSCHKE GUILHERME , MIGUEL SOLORZA LUIS FERNANDO , VASCONCELOS VITOR M.
Published: June 2024

Although species of the order Nostocales have morphological similarities to each other, some Nostoc species have been considered cryptic and are classified in the families Nostocaceae, Nodulariaceae and Aphanizomenaceae. Since then, the phylogenetic and morphological evaluation of Nostoc-like organisms has led to the taxonomic revision of some genera in different families. In the present work a cyanobacterium morphologically identified as Nostoc was isolated from an extreme cold lotic environment, in a high mountain of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, and was taxonomically and phylogenetically characterized based on a polyphasic approach. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence references: Reofilinostoc matlalcueyense gen. et sp. nov. Thus, establishing a new genus of the family Nodulariaceae. The morphology of Reofilinostoc in the wild is reminiscent of a mouse ear, it is of 0.4-1.2 cm in length and has a firm cartilaginous texture; colonies can be pale green, brown or dark green in colour. Through a microscopic inspection, the filaments resemble to Komarekiella atlantica, Desikacharya nostocoides and Minunostoc cylindricum. While, the phylogenetic approach yielded similar results and consistently showed that Reofilinostoc matlalcueyense F02 (OR724089) is closely related to D. nostocoides and M. cylindricum in the core clade of Nodulariaceae. This research revealed that some comparisons between genera of Nodulariaceae exhibited similarity values higher than 97%, such as Atlanticothrix vs. Goleter and Cyanocohniella vs. Anabaenopsis. Nevertheless, in comparison to these phylogenetically closer genera, a substantial difference in the length and structure of D1-D1’, Box-B and V3 helix was demostrated; where Reofilinostoc, Desikacharya, and Minunostoc are part of the Nodulariaceae family; leading to the establishment of Reofilinostoc gen. nov., with Reofilinostoc matlalcueyense sp. nov. as the type species.
A new species of Pontocrates Boeck, 1871 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Oedicerotidae) from Cyprus
Authors: GÓMEZ SERGIO C. GARCIA , MYERS ALAN A. , AVRAMIDI ELENI , GRAMMATIKI KLEOPATRA , LYMPERAKI MYRSINI M. , RESAIKOS VASILIS , PAPATHEODOULOU MAGDALENE , LOUCA VASILIS , XEVGENOS DIMITRIOS , KÜPPER FRITHJOF C.
Published: June 2024

A new species of the amphipod genus Pontocrates (Boeck 1871), family Oedicerotidae, is described from Cyprus in the south-eastern Mediterranean Sea. It is a sister taxon to Pontocrates moorei (Myers & Ashelby 2022), currently recorded solely from the British Isles. It is the third species of Pontocrates now known to occur in the Mediterranean Sea.
The Dark Side of Family Embeddedness: Family Firms Engagement in Private-Sector Corruption
Authors: Godinez Jose , Batas Spiros , Bruton Garry
Published: June 2024

This research analyzes how family embeddedness affects the decision of owners in charge of small entrepreneurial family firms operating in an emerging country to participate in private-sector corruption. Prior research has typically assumed that those in charge of family firms choose to participate in corruption to receive an immediate economic benefit. We challenge this assumption and argue that family influences the decision of the owner of small entrepreneurial family firms to participate in private-sector corruption driven by the pursuit of both short-term economic (profit maximization) and long-term non-economic goals, including attaining upper social class status (even if this decreases economic gains) for the family unit. We further find that in the context of an emerging market, trusted intermediaries can be seen as family members by the owners in charge of small entrepreneurial family firms and can influence them to participate in illicit activities. We also contend that those in charge of small entrepreneurial family businesses manage participation in private-sector corruption by dissociating and framing means.
One thing I do know: John 9, Citizen Ruth, and bodily autonomy
Authors: Torgerson Laura Jean
Published: June 2024

In John 9, an unnamed man born blind receives sight only to find himself at the center of various controversies and theological questions that concern identity and belonging. In the center of the swirling debates, the newly sighted man does not give the theological and political answers his interlocutors demand. He insists instead on his physical well-being as the centrally relevant reality. This article reads John 9 intertextually with the 1996 film Citizen Ruth, in which a pregnant White woman similarly finds herself in the center of a vigorous debate about abortion and often baffles the ideologically motivated groups that seek to persuade her to their side. She, too, insists on her right to act in her own best interests as she perceives them and is subjected to intrusive questions, social stigma, and shame. This reading finds sources for an ethic that centers human flourishing, bodily autonomy, and the ability of marginalized individuals to say what they know to be true about themselves. Such an ethic is surely needed for such a time as this, when fierce ideological debates and political manipulations place marginalized bodies at risk.
Navigating Job Satisfaction: Unveiling the Nexus of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Accessibility (DEIA), Perceived Supervisory Support, and Intrinsic Work Experience
Authors: Hersugondo Hersugondo , Batu Kardison Lumban , Chiappetta Jabbour Charbel Jose , Lopes de Sousa Jabbour Ana Beatriz , Latan Hengky
Published: June 2024

This study aims to unravel the intricate interplay among diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA), along with perceived supervisory support (PSS) and intrinsic work experience (IWE), as pivotal determinants influencing the job satisfaction (JSC) of employees with disabilities. The research sample used comprises civil servants employed in government organizations in Indonesia. Utilizing covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM), the analysis encompasses confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the evaluation of a structural model, coupled with hypothesis testing, to confirm the findings. The study’s findings affirm not only the direct influence of DEIA components and IWE on the JSC of employees with disabilities, but also highlight the indirect mediation of DEIA components and JSC through PSS. This study stands as a pioneering effort in exploring the interplay between DEIA, PSS, and IWE with regard to the JSC of employees with disabilities.
What is the occupational impact of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome for adults living in Australia?
Authors: Thomas Roshni , Hughes Julie , Kotzur Cheryl
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Occupational recovery for people living with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome requires better assessment and understanding of the occupational impact of this debilitating condition. This study explores the lived experience of Australian adults with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome using the Model of Human Occupation.

Methods:

The research design was a cross-sectional descriptive study, and participants were recruited via social media to complete an online survey. A Model of Human Occupation Tool, The Occupational Self-Assessment, captured an individual’s perceptions of occupational identity and competence.

Results:

Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. The free-text responses were summarised. Twenty-nine participants completed the Occupational Self-Assessment. A decrease in occupational participation across all domains was evident. Qualitative themes of loneliness, feeling confined, feeling like a burden and loss of previous life/roles were collated, showing an adverse impact on occupational identity. A lack of independence and control showed a reduction in occupational competence.

Conclusions:

The study confirmed the impact of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome on occupational identity and competence. These individuals struggled with occupational adaptation and would benefit from occupational support. Occupational therapists could use the Occupational Self-Assessment to identify areas of need, set goals and facilitate better occupational adaptation.
Community Pharmacists Identification of Gaps in Care – Statin Utilization for Primary Prevention
Authors: White Raechel T. , Sankey Kjersten , Anderson Joe R. , Bos Alexander J. , Aragon Kelsea Gallegos , Martinez-Nava Diana D. , Rubio Annajita M. , Turner Robyn M. , Ray Gretchen M.
Published: June 2024

Background: Statins are a highly effective lipid-lowering therapy associated with significant reductions in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events and death. Despite these benefits, statins are underutilized. Pharmacist-led interventions to increase statin prescribing are effective. To our knowledge, no prior studies implemented a comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment utilizing point-of-care (POC) testing in community pharmacies. Objectives: The primary objective was to determine if community pharmacists can be utilized to identify gaps in care regarding appropriate use of statin therapy for prevention of ASCVD events in HPSAs. Secondary objectives were to assess public interest in ASCVD risk assessment and statin prescribing by the pharmacist, and to identify factors associated with statin gaps in care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at three independent community pharmacies. Participants were identified based on age and medication history and were scheduled at their pharmacy to receive a comprehensive ASCVD risk screening consisting of POC measurement of a complete lipid panel, blood glucose or A1C, and blood pressure. Participants were informed of their statin candidacy at the screening. Participants completed a survey regarding perceptions of the services provided and opinions of statin prescribing by pharmacists. Results: Of the 57 participants, 43 (75.4%) were possible statin candidates. Most indicated trusting their pharmacist to prescribe a cholesterol-lowering medication and felt insurance should pay for these screenings. Conclusion: ASCVD risk assessment conducted within the community pharmacy setting can be utilized to identify treatment gaps in statin use. Participants indicated trusting pharmacists to provide this service and found the service valuable.
Visualizing Worldwide Prevalence of Age-Related Dual Sensory Loss
Authors: Koesters Nils Bernd , Minhas Renu , Wittich Walter , McMenemy Andrena , Johnson Christine
Published: June 2024

Objectives: This study aims to create a first visualization of global prevalence of age-related dual sensory loss (DSL), significantly affecting older people’s quality of life. Methods: Data from World Health Organization (WHO) regions, particularly African, American, and European, were analyzed. The study focused on DSL onset and prevalence, using adjusted life expectancy for regional comparison. Results: There were notable regional variations in DSL onset and prevalence. The African region showed consistent data, thanks to standardized methods from the World Federation of the Deafblind. However, global patterns varied when adjusted for life expectancy, hinting at possible DSL prevalence stabilization at older ages. Discussion: The study identifies a lack of standardization in DSL prevalence research regarding definitions, methodologies, and reporting. It calls for more uniform and thorough research methods for accurate global DSL understanding. The research highlights the complexity and challenges in determining DSL prevalence worldwide.
Tailoring mechanical properties of FDM-3D-printed parts through titanium dioxide-reinforced resin filling technique
Authors: Eryildiz Meltem
Published: June 2024

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a type of additive manufacturing that falls under the category of material extrusion. Building an object using FDM involves layer-by-layer selective deposition of melted material along a predetermined path. However, FDM parts are inherently anisotropic, meaning their mechanical properties vary depending on the direction of loading, which makes them prone to failure under transverse loads. This study introduces a novel post-processing technique to enhance the mechanical properties of FDM parts. Unlike conventional FDM printing, this study explores a post-processing technique where TiO2-infused resin is injected into the internal voids of printed parts to reinforce their structure. Compared to unfilled counterparts, resin filled structures exhibited significant improvements in tensile strength (up to 40%) and impact energy (up to 28%). A 20% infill density was found to offer a cost-effective balance between material usage and performance, while 2% wt. TiO2 achieved the optimal balance between reinforcement and dispersion, exceeding the performance gains of other concentrations. SEM analysis confirmed effective TiO2 dispersion at lower concentrations, leading to smoother surfaces and potentially improved mechanical properties. This technique presents a promising approach for fabricating high-performance FDM parts with enhanced strength and toughness.
Task Termination Triggers Spontaneous Removal of Information From Visual Working Memory
Authors: Tsubomi Hiroyuki , Fukuda Keisuke , Kikumoto Atsushi , Mayr Ulrich , Vogel Edward K.
Published: June 2024

Working memory (WM) is a goal-directed memory system that actively maintains a limited amount of task-relevant information to serve the current goal. By this definition, WM maintenance should be terminated after the goal is accomplished, spontaneously removing no-longer-relevant information from WM. Past studies have failed to provide direct evidence of spontaneous removal of WM content by allowing participants to engage in a strategic reallocation of WM resources to competing information within WM. By contrast, we provide direct neural and behavioral evidence that visual WM content can be largely removed less than 1 s after it becomes obsolete, in the absence of a strategic allocation of resources (total N = 442 adults). These results demonstrate that visual WM is intrinsically a goal-directed system, and spontaneous removal provides a means for capacity-limited WM to keep up with ever-changing demands in a dynamic environment.
The Political Budget Cycle: Evidence from Indian Municipal Corporation Elections
Authors: Shameer K. Muhammed , Durai S. Raja Sethu
Published: June 2024

The political budget cycle (PBC) theory deals with increased spending or decreased revenue collection, or a combination of both, on the verge of an election by the incumbent government to retain office. Empirical verification of the PBC theory at the subnational local government level is scarce in the literature. Subnational local governments are more prominent in population and budget for a country like India. This study takes into account 34 municipal corporations in India to examine the PBC theory and find strong evidence of politically motivated cycles on the budget expenditure and revenue front. Notably, the more visible expenditure on welfare schemes shows increased spending during an election period. On the revenue side, this study also finds evidence in support of the PBC theory. Indian municipal corporations are creating ‘welfare’ and ‘infrastructure’ cycles during the election period to gain political profit and are validating the ‘visibility’ and ‘targetability’ hypotheses described in the literature. This study is the first attempt to trace the presence of the PBC at the subnational local government level in India.
Unveiling the Significance of NCAP Family Genes in Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Adenoma Pathogenesis: A Molecular Bioinformatics Exploration
Authors: Arastonejad Mahshid , Arab Daniyal , Fatemi Somayeh , Golshanrad Pezhman
Published: June 2024

Objectives:

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare and aggressive adrenal cortex cancer, poses significant challenges due to high mortality, poor prognosis, and early post-surgery recurrence. Variability in survival across ACC stages emphasizes the need to uncover its molecular underpinnings. Adrenocortical adenoma, a benign tumor, adds to diagnostic challenges, highlighting the necessity for molecular insights. The Non-SMC Associated Condensin Complex (NCAP) gene family, recognized for roles in chromosomal structure and cell cycle control. This study focuses on evaluating NCAP gene functions and importance in ACC through gene expression profiling to identify diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Methods:

Microarray datasets from ACC patients, obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, were normalized to eliminate batch effects. Differential expression analysis of NCAP family genes, facilitated by the GEPIA2 database, included survival and pathological stage evaluations. A Protein-Protein Interaction network was constructed using GeneMANIA, and additional insights were gained through Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, correlation analysis, and ROC curve analysis.

Results:

ACC samples exhibited elevated levels of NCAPG, NCAPG2, and NCAPH compared to normal and adenoma samples. Increased expression of these genes correlated with poor overall survival, particularly in advanced disease stages. The Protein-Protein Interaction network highlighted interactions with related proteins, and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated their involvement in chromosomal structure and control. Differentially expressed NCAP genes showed positive associations, and ROC curve analysis indicated their high discriminatory power in identifying ACC from adenoma and normal samples.

Conclusion:

The study emphasizes the potential importance of NCAPG, NCAPG2, and NCAPH in ACC, suggesting roles in tumor aggressiveness and diagnostic relevance. These genes could serve as therapeutic targets and markers for ACC, but further exploration into their molecular activities and validation studies is imperative to fully harness their diagnostic and therapeutic potential, advancing precision medicine approaches against this rare but lethal malignancy.
Current peri-operative and surgical management of bladder paraganglioma
Authors: Gharbieh Sammy , Lobo Niyati , Velusamy Anand , McCanny Jamie , Thurairaja Ramesh , Khan Muhammad Shamim , Nair Rajesh
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

In this article, we provide a narrative review of current peri-operative and surgical management of paraganglioma of the urinary bladder (PUB).

Methods:

Key articles relating to peri-operative optimisation, intra-operative considerations and post-operative follow-up of patients with PUB were identified for review.

Discussion:

Although the majority of PUBs are functionally active with potential for catecholamine release, typical catecholaminergic symptoms are often overshadowed by the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms such as painless visible haematuria. Consequently, many cases are diagnosed based on post-operative histopathology, resulting in inferior short- and long-term outcomes. Accurate pre-operative diagnosis is crucial as this informs pre-operative optimisation and choice of surgical approach. Partial cystectomy is the mainstay of treatment, but transurethral resection may be appropriate for non-functional tumours <3 cm. The presence of succinate dehydrogenase ( SDH) subunit B (SDHB) pathogenic variants may prompt upfront radical cystectomy. Long-term outcomes of surgical patients remain incompletely characterised and lifelong follow-up is recommended to exclude tumour recurrence.

Conclusion:

Patients with PUBs require meticulous peri-operative optimisation under the care of an experienced multidisciplinary team. A pre-operative diagnosis is crucial to ensure optimal outcomes and guide surgical decision-making.

Level of evidence:

4
Chinese citizens’ digital engagement with local mobile government platforms
Authors: Li Haili , Kostka Genia
Published: June 2024

Local governments worldwide are increasingly adopting mobile government (m-government) platforms to offer more accessible and convenient public services and to advance digital governance. China has been at the vanguard of this trend, with substantial investments and promotion of m-government platforms by its provincial and municipal governments. This study investigates how individual Chinese citizens engage with various local m-government platforms. Through platform analysis and 44 semi-structured interviews, we identified the interviewees’ motivations and demands for m-government app engagement, including convenience, anticipated benefits, social image improvement, and access to high-quality services. Our findings suggest that interviewees obtained diverse forms of gratification from their m-government participation, including heightened efficiency and convenience, enhanced social image, and a greater sense of safety and belonging. However, interviewees also expressed various concerns and preferences regarding different types of m-government platforms. Our research highlights that the Chinese government has strategically leveraged the COVID-19 pandemic to expedite the adoption and regular usage of local m-government platforms not only for social surveillance and control but, more prominently, to reinforce its digital governance capabilities, digital performance legitimacy, and nationwide digitization.
Patient Time Spent With Professional Medical Interpreters and the Care Experiences of Patients With Limited English Proficiency
Authors: Torresdey Pamela , Chen Jacob , Rodriguez Hector P.
Published: June 2024

Introduction/Objectives:

More time spent with interpreters may support clinician-patient communication for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP), especially when interpreter support before and after clinical encounters is considered. We assessed whether more time spent with interpreters is associated with better patient-reported experiences of clinician-patient communication and interpreter support among patients with LEP.

Methods:

Patients with LEP (n = 338) were surveyed about their experiences with both the clinician and interpreter. Duration of interpreter support during the encounter (in min) and auxiliary time spent before and after encounters supporting patients (in min) were documented by interpreters. Multivariable linear regression models were estimated to assess the association of the time duration of interpreter support and patient experiences of (1) clinician-patient communication, and (2) interpreter support, controlling for patient and encounter characteristics.

Results:

The average encounter duration was 47.7 min (standard deviation, SD = 25.1), the average auxiliary time was 43.8 min (SD = 16.4), and the average total interpreter time was 91.1 min (SD = 28.6). LEP patients reported better experiences of interpreter support with a mean score of 97.4 out of 100 (SD = 6.99) compared to clinician-patient communication, with a mean score of 93.7 out of 100 (SD = 14.1). In adjusted analyses, total patient time spent with an interpreter was associated with better patient experiences of clinician-patient communication (β = 7.23, P < .01) when auxiliary time spent by interpreters supporting patients before and after the encounter was considered, but not when only the encounter time was considered.

Conclusions:

Longer duration of time spent with an interpreter was associated with better clinician-patient communication for patients with LEP when time spent with an interpreter before and after the clinician encounter is considered. Policymakers should consider reimbursing health care organizations for time interpreters spend providing patient navigation and other support beyond clinical encounters.
The Demographic Transition, with Data from Brazil
Authors: Lopus Sara
Published: June 2024

The demographic transition—the process through which declines in mortality precede declines in fertility, leading to a period of population growth and the long-term restructuring of the age composition—holds remarkable power to explain the state of our social world. In this visualization, I employ Brazilian demographic measures dating back to the 1870s to depict the interplay between mortality, fertility, growth rates, dependency ratios, and total population size within a single three-panel figure with a shared time axis. Over the course of nearly two centuries, fertility and mortality differentials contribute to a staggering 18-fold increase in Brazil’s population size and a dramatic rise in the proportion elderly. Although the data are drawn from a single country, Brazil’s patterns of demographic change are representative of those experienced in many other populations. A graph of demographic transition-era population dynamics alongside an understanding of various world regions’ positions along the x-axis can help to answer innumerable questions of great social importance.
Providing clarity: communicating the benefits of palliative care beyond end-of-life support
Authors: Masters Julie L. , Josh Patrick W. , Kirkpatrick Amanda J. , Kovaleva Mariya A. , Sayles Harlan R.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Palliative care affords numerous benefits, including improvements in symptom management, mental health, and quality of life, financial savings, and decreased mortality. Yet palliative care is poorly understood and often erroneously viewed as end-of-life care and hospice. Barriers for better education of the public about palliative care and its benefits include shortage of healthcare providers specializing in palliative care and generalist clinicians’ lack of knowledge and confidence to discuss this topic and time constraints in busy clinical settings.

Objectives:

Explore and compare the knowledge, values, and practices of community-dwelling adults 19 years and older from Nebraska about serious illness and end-of-life healthcare options.

Design:

Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected in 2022 of 635 adults. We examined the fifth wave (2022) of a multiyear survey focusing on exploring Nebraskans’ understanding of and preferences related to end-of-life care planning.

Methods:

Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to compare results between groups. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses examine associations of variables as to knowledge of hospice and palliative care.

Results:

While 50% of respondents had heard a little or a lot about palliative care, 64% either did not know or were not sure of the difference between palliative care and hospice. Those who reported being in poor health were not more likely to know the difference between palliative care and hospice compared to those reporting being in fair, good, or excellent health.

Conclusion:

This study offers insight into the knowledge and attitudes about palliative care among community-dwelling adults, 19 years and older living in Nebraska. More effort is needed to communicate what palliative care is, who can receive help from it, and why it is not only for people at end of life. Advance care planning discussions can be useful in offering clarity.
The etiological diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in suspected community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Liu Mengling , Zhang Haiyue , Li Liangyu , Mao Jieyu , Li Ruiyun , Yin Jing , Wu Xiaojun
Published: June 2024

Background

The emergence of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) may provide a promising tool for early and comprehensive identification of the causative pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In this study, we aim to further evaluate the etiological diagnostic value of mNGS in suspected CAP.

Methods

A total of 555 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected for pathogen detection by mNGS from 541 patients with suspected CAP. The clinical value was assessed based on infection diagnosis and treatment guidance. The diagnostic performance for pathogen identification by mNGS and sputum culture and for tuberculosis (TB) by mNGS and X-pert MTB/RIF were compared. To evaluate the potential for treatment guidance, we analyzed the treatment regimen of patients with suspected CAP, including imaging changes of lung after empirical antibacterial therapy, intensified regimen, antifungal treatment, and a 1-year follow up for patients with unconfirmed diagnosis and non-improvement imaging after anti-infective treatment and patients with high suspicion of TB or NTM infection who were transferred to the Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital for further diagnosis and even anti-mycobacterium therapy.

Results

Of the 516 BALF samples that were analyzed by both mNGS and sputum culture, the positivity rate of mNGS was significantly higher than that of sputum culture (79.1% vs. 11.4%, P = 0.001). A total of 48 samples from patients with confirmed TB were analyzed by both mNGS and X-pert MTB/RIF, and the sensitivity of mNGS for the diagnosis of active TB was significantly lower than that of X-pert MTB/RIF (64.6% vs. 85.4%, P = 0.031). Of the 106 pathogen-negative cases, 48 were ultimately considered non-infectious diseases, with a negative predictive value of 45.3%. Of the 381 pathogen-positive cases, 311 were eventually diagnosed as CAP, with a positive predictive value of 81.6%. A total of 487 patients were included in the evaluation of the therapeutic effect, and 67.1% improved with initial empirical antibiotic treatment. Of the 163 patients in which bacteria were detected, 77.9% improved with antibacterial therapy; of the 85 patients in which fungi were detected, 12.9% achieved remission after antifungal therapy.

Conclusions

Overall, mNGS had unique advantages in the detection of suspected CAP pathogens. However, mNGS was not superior to X-pert MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of TB. In addition, mNGS was not necessary as a routine test for all patients admitted with suspected CAP. Furthermore, when fungi are detected by mNGS, antifungal therapy should be cautious.
A Dutch cost-effectiveness analysis of fremanezumab versus best supportive care in patients with chronic migraine and inadequate response to prior preventive therapy
Authors: Wolters Sharon , Carpay Johannes A. , Pronk Marja H. , Zuurbier Karin W.M. , Driessen Maurice T. , Lyras Leonidas , Postma Maarten J.
Published: June 2024

Background

Chronic migraine (CM) is the most severe and burdensome subtype of migraine. Fremanezumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway as a migraine preventive therapy. This study aimed to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of fremanezumab from a societal perspective in the Netherlands, using a Markov cohort simulation model.

Methods

The base-case cost-effectiveness analysis adhered to the Netherlands Authority guidelines. Fremanezumab was compared with best supportive care (BSC; acute migraine treatment only) in patients with CM and an inadequate response to topiramate or valproate and onabotulinumtoxinA (Dutch patient group [DPG]). A supportive analysis was conducted in the broader group of CM patients with prior inadequate response to 2–4 different classes of migraine preventive treatments. One-way sensitivity, probabilistic sensitivity, and scenario analyses were conducted.

Results

Over a lifetime horizon, fremanezumab is cost saving compared with BSC in the DPG (saving of €2514 per patient) and led to an increase of 1.45 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). In the broader supportive analysis, fremanezumab was cost effective compared with BSC, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €2547/QALY gained. Fremanezumab remained cost effective in all sensitivity and scenario analyses.

Conclusion

In comparison to BSC, fremanezumab is cost saving in the DPG and cost effective in the broader population.