bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purwarupa Pengoperasian TV Dengan Mendeteksi Isyarat Jari Berbasis Pengolahan Citra Digital
Authors: Wibawa Handreas Okta , Harjoko Agus
Published: January 2017

Abstrak            Perkembangan teknologi komputer dan elektronika yang sangat pesat saat ini membuat manusia mulai mencari solusi lain untuk melakukan kegiatan menjadi lebih mudah dan praktis. Teknologi-teknologi yang berkembang dan dapat dimanfaatkan saat ini sangat memungkinkan manusia untuk memudahkan aktifitas dalam mengoperasikan TV dengan isyarat jari.            Dalam penelitian ini, pengolahan citra digital merupakan teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengoperasikan TV dengan memanfaatkan webcam dan komputer sebagai pengolah citra. Input dari penelitian ini berupa citra tangan hasil tangkapan webcam pada komputer. Kemudian citra tangan diolah melalui sistem pengolah citra untuk mendapatkan hasil berupa nilai pada jari tangan. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan angka yang sama dengan jumlah jari tangan yang terdeteksi oleh  webcam pada layar monitor. Mikrokontroler berfungsi menerima data serial dari hasil pemrosesan citra tangan dan berfungsi sebagai konversi nilai data serial menjadi instruksi yang dapat mengoperasikan TV. Model warna yang dipakai adalah model HSV.            Langkah awal pengujian pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan setting ruangan agar pengambilan citra  mendapatkan hasil yang terbaik pada setiap ruangan. Hasil dari pengujian ini didapatkan nilai yang terbaik untuk pengoperasian TV dengan isyarat jari yaitu : untuk nilai intensitas cahaya sebesar 12 lux, nilai jarak terbaik sebesar 70 cm dan background terbaik berupa warna biru. Kata kunci—  TV, pengolahan citra, model warna HSV Abstract            The development computer technology and electronics very rapidly at this time makes people start looking for other solutions to perform activities easier and more practical. Technologies are developed and can be used at this time it is possible to facilitate the activities human beings to operate TV with finger gesture.            In this research, digital image processing of technology can be used to operate TV using webcam and computer as image processing. Input this research is hand image that catched by webcam on computer. Then hand image processed through image processing system to obtain results form value fingers. This value indicates the number equal to number fingers detected by webcam camera on monitor screen. Microcontroller function is receives serial data from results image processing and serves serial data conversion value into instructions can operate TV. Color model used in research is HSV.                First step testing this research is setting room in order to capture image for get best results in any room. Results of the research found best value for testing operation TV with finger gesture is : for value light intensity is 12 lux, best distance is 70 cm and best baskground is blue. Keywords— TV, image processing, HSV color model
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pencampur Bahan Minuman Bersoda Berdasarkan Kadar Keasaman Berbasis PLC OMRON CP1H-XA40DR-A
Authors: Kusumawardani Rindi , Sumiharto Raden
Published: January 2017

AbstrakTelah dibuat purwarupa sistem pencampur bahan minuman bersoda berdasarkan kadar keasaman berbasis PLC OMRON CP1H-XA40DR-A. Pembuatan sistem ini didasari oleh pentingnya kadar pH dari bahan minuman bersoda, karena kadar pH pada suatu minuman sangat mempengaruhi kualitas dari minuman tersebut. Sistem pencampuran bahan minuman ini juga mempunyai Human Machine Interface (HMI) sebagai perantara kontrol dan masukan pada sistem. Keakuratan tinggi diperlukan dalam proses pencampuran bahan minuman bersoda untuk menjaga kualitas dari produk tersebut. Salah satu faktor yang diperhatikan untuk menjaga kualitas tersebut adalah dengan memastikan pH cairan dari hasil pencampuran sesuai dengan standar produksi. Sistem otomasi pencampuran bahan minuman bersoda yang diteliti ini berbasis pada PLC buatan OMRON dengan seri CP1H-XA40DR-A. Sistem ini dilengkapi dengan sensor ketinggian eTape sebagai sensor pendeteksi ketinggian, motor washer sebagai media penyemprot cairan, serta sensor elektroda pH PE-03 sebagai pembaca kadar keasaman..            Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah sistem pencampuran bahan minuman bersoda secara otomatis yang dapat mencampurkan cairan sesuai masukan pH yang ditentukan oleh pengguna. Terdapat rentang pilihan kadar keasaman yang tersedia dalam sistem ini, yaitu pH 4 sampai pH 6. Keakuratan proses pencampuran cairan ini yaitu sebesar 98,45%. Kata kunci— sistem pencampuran, PLC, sensor elektroda pH, HMI AbstractHave been made a prototype of soft drinks mixing ingredients system based on acidity controled by PLC OMRON CP1H-XA40DR-A. This system have been made based on the importance of pH levels on soft drinks. This mixing ingredients system has Human Machine Interface (HMI) for control and input on the system. High accuracy is needed in the process of mixing the ingredients of soft drinks to mantain the quality of the product. One of the factor that is considered to mantain it quality is to ensure pH levels of the mixing to standard production. The automation of soft drinks mixing ingredients systems is based on PLC by OMRON with serial number CP1H-XA40DR-A. This system equipped with eTape height sensor to detect height of the fluid, motor washer to pump the fluid, pH electrode PE-03 sensor to read the acidity.  The results of this study is a soft drinks mixing ingredients systems that automatically mixes the fluid according to the pH input by user. There are a range of acidity options available in this system, pH 4 to pH 6. The accuracy of the fluid mixing process is equal to 98,45%. Keywords— mixing system, PLC, pH electrode sensors, HMI
Sistem Pemantauan Ruangan Dengan Server Raspberry Pi
Authors: Wijatsongko Egrit Nurcahyo , Putra Agfianto Eko , Prastowo Bambang Nurcahyo
Published: January 2017

AbstrakPemantauan secara terus menerus akan membebani storage pada server, karena ukuran berkas video hasil rekaman akan sangat besar. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan membuat agar webcam hanya merekam pada saat-saat dibutuhkan saja. Contoh ‘saat yang dibutuhkan’ ini adalah saat seseorang memasuki ruangan.  Karena itu dibutuhkan sebuah sistem pemantauan yang dapat melakukan deteksi gerakan pada suatu ruangan. Dalam penelitian ini, masalah tersebut coba diselesaikan dengan merancang bangun sistem pemantau ruangan berbasis Komputer mini (Raspberry Pi). Sistem pemantauan ini dibuat menggunakan program motion. Program motion menangani deteksi gerak dan streaming, selain itu sistem juga dibuat agar dapat mengirimkan notifikasi saat terjadi gerakan melalui email. Untuk alasan keamanan dan backup data, sistem juga akan mengunggah video hasil rekaman ke Google Drive. Sistem terdiri dari 1 server dan 1 klien yang saling berhubungan menggunakan jaringan WLAN. Sistem diuji kinerjanya dengan mengamati parameter frame rate video hasil rekaman. Sistem juga diuji kemampuan deteksi geraknya pada intensitas cahaya yang berbeda-beda. Dari pengujian didapatkan bahwa kondisi terbaik untuk sistem adalah  pada framesize 320x240 dengan intensitas cahaya lebih dari 8 lux. Kata kunci— Motion, deteksi gerak, Raspberry Pi, email, Google Drive  Abstract            Continuous record will overload storage, due to big size recorded video files. One of the solution to this problem is to make system only record at necessary time. The example of the “necessary time” is when someone enter the room. Because of that, surveillance system which can detect motion in the room is needed.             In this research, mentioned problem was tried to be solved by design and build a mini computer (Raspberry Pi) based room surveillance system. This surveillance system is made with Motion program. Motion program handle motion detection and streaming. Besides that, system also made so it can send notification via email, when motion is detected. For security and back up data reasons, system will also upload recorded video to Google Drive. System consists of one server and one client that are connected using WLAN network.             The System performance was tested by observing recorded video frame rates as parameter. The motion detection of the system was also tested on various light intensity. From the test, got that the best condition for the system is at frame size 320x240 with light intensity more than 8 lux. Keywords— Motion, motion detection, Raspberry Pi, email, Google Drive
Balancing Robot Menggunakan Metode Kendali Proporsional Integral Derivatif
Authors: Bimarta Rizka , Putra Agfianto Eko , Dharmawan Andi
Published: January 2017

AbstrakPendulum terbalik memiliki pusat gravitasi yang berada diatas poros putar sehingga menyebabkan pendulum terbalik tidak seimbang. Suatu kendali khusus dibutuhkan agar pendulum seimbang dengan cara menggerakkan kereta beroda yang menjadi tumpuan dari pendulum. Penerapan pendulum terbalik dapat ditemui pada balancing robot. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang bangun sebuah sistem pengendalian robot dengan dua roda menggunakan sistem kendali untuk membuat robot yang seimbang (balancing robot).            Sistem ini mempunyai masukan akselerometer yang digunakan untuk mengukur percepatan sudut (m/s2) dan giroskop untuk mengukur kecepatan sudut (rad/s). Luaran dari akselerometer dan giroskop digabungkan dengan metode complementary filter untuk mendapatkan nilai sudut. Sudut yang diperoleh kemudian dibandingkan dengan set point yang nilainya 0o. Nilai selisih dari set point dan sudut complementary filter diolah menggunakan metode kendali Proporsional Integral Derivatif. Proses kendali PID ini diprogram pada Arduino IDE yang hasilnya diumpankan ke motor DC untuk mengatur kecepatan putar motor DC. Untuk arah putar motor DC ditentukan apabila sudut complementary filter kurang dari nol, maka motor akan berputar mundur. Sedangkan jika sudut complementary filter lebih dari nol, maka motor akan berputar maju.            Nilai konstanta PID berdasarkan hasil tuning  dengan metode Ziegler-Nichols metode osilasi adalah Kp=1.5, Ki=0.75, Kd=1.85 dan nilai koefisien pada algoritma complementary filter adalah a=0.96. Kata kunci—inverted pendulum, balancing robot, kendali PID, IMU, complementary filter Abstract            Center of gravity’s inverted pendulum is located above its pivot point therefore inverted pendulum is unstable. Specific control is needed so that inverted pendulum stable which is by move the cart where the pendulum is mounted. Inverted pendulum application can be found in balancing robot. The purpose of this research is to design a system to control a two wheeled robot using the control system to balance it.The inputs are accelerometer to measure angular acceleration (m/s2) and gyroskop to measure angular velocity (rad/s). The output’s of accelerometer and gyroscope are fused by complementary filter algorithm method to get the actual angle. The actual angle is then compared to set point which is 0o. The differences between set point and actual angle are processed using Proportional Integral Derivative control method. The process of PID control is programmed using Arduino IDE which its result is fed to DC motors. The direction of DC motors are determined by two conditions, if actual angle less than zero then DC motors will spin backwards. Whereas if actual angle more than zero then DC motors will spin forward.             The PID control’s constans value based on Ziegler-Nichols Oscillation tuning method are Kp=1.5, Ki=0.75, Kd=1.875 and complementary filter’s coefficient is a=0.96. Keywords— inverted pendulum, balancing robot, PID control, IMU, complementary filter
Otomasi Trigger dengan Penentuan Sudut dalam Foto Panorama Berbasis Arduino Uno
Authors: Sholihin Nur Ikhwan , Lelono Danang
Published: January 2017

AbstrakDalam pemotretan panorama diperlukan alat bantuyang dapat menentukan besar pergeseran arah kamera secara konsisten agar diperoleh foto-foto yang pas tanpa ada bagian yang hilang karena tidak terfoto. Dengan didapatnya foto yang saling tersambung maka dapat dilakukan penggabungan foto untuk menjadi sebuah foto panorama. Penggabungan foto-foto hasil pemotretan dapat dilakukan dengan cara image stiching (menjahit), yaitu menyambung foto-foto hasil pemotretan dari satu titik tetap.Alat yang dirancang merupakan alat yang otomatis menentukan besar sudut perputaran head kamera dengan input jumlah pergeseran dan akan melakukan pemotretan (triggering) bila sudut sudah sesuai dengan input. Pengujian sistem meliputi pengujian variasi jumlah pergeseran menggunakan satu nilai focal length dengan memvariasikan nilai pan dan tilt. Pengujian ketelitian konsistensi pergeseran dan arah kamera. Pengujian besar perpotongan setiap pergeseran dengan menggabungkan 2 foto yang sejajar kemudian dicari seberapa besar irisan yang dihasilkan.Berdasarkan pengujian menggunakan kamera DSLR diperoleh hasil alat dapat bekerja dengan baik secara otomatis berdasarkan nilai input pan dan tilt serta dapat melakukan triggering. Pergeseran efisien diperoleh pada nilai pan sebanyak 9 kali dan tilt 4 kali menggunakan lensa dengan focal length 18 mm. Hasil analisa tingkat kesalahan pergeseran bernilai kurang dari 3% yang menjadikan alat ini stabil dan konsisten dalam pergerakannya. Kata kunci—foto panorama, Arduino Uno, otomasi, fotografi  AbstractIn landscape photography, some supporting devices are needed to assign how much the camera’s shifting consistently is. It is needed to get good photos without any blank spot photos. The linked photos could be rendered to be a landscape photo using a photography software. It is could be done by image stiching, a way to stich photos taken from one constant taking point.  The device is an automatic device which could assign how much the rotation degree of the camera’s head with given input, how much the shift is. It will take a shot if the rotation degree is appropriate with the given input. The system testing by variying the shift value of camera using one focal length value. The accuration test of the consistency of camera’s shift and camera’s direction. The error value could be determined by joining two parallel photo.According to the testing, tool can work automatically and also trigering can do well. Efficient shift in the number of photos and good results using the pan 9 times and tilt 4 times. The results of the error rates shift analysis have value less than 3% and that makes the tool quite stable and consistent in its movements. Keywords— panoramic photo, arduino uno, automation ,photography.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Jaringan Nirkabel untuk Pemantauan Penggunaan Air Pelanggan PDAM
Authors: Henura Sean Satya , Widodo Triyogatama Wahyu
Published: January 2017

AbstrakPenelitian ini membuat rancang bangun sistem untuk memantau data penggunaan air pelanggan PDAM melalui jaringan nirkabel. Dalam skala kecil, sistem ini diperuntukkan bagi pelanggan yang tidak memiliki akses terhadap riwayat pemakaian airnya, sehingga mempersulit pengelolaannya. Pada skala yang lebih besar, sistem ini menjadi solusi atas permasalahan perusahaan yang dalam mengumpulkan data pengunaan air pelanggannya masih perlu mendatangi satu persatu rumah mereka setiap bulan.Sistem ini dibuat dengan memasang komponen pada meteran air yang mampu mengirimkan data perhitungannya ke sebuah server untuk disimpan dalam database MySQL. Sedangkan untuk pemantauannya digunakan suatu aplikasi pada smartphone android yang dapat meminta kepada server data-data pada waktu yang diinginkan para pengguna. Data dikirimkan menggunakan protokol HTTP melalui jaringan internet, yang didapat dari modul Ethernet pada meteran air, dan koneksi seluler atau wifi pada smartphone android..Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengujian menunjukkan bahwa secara fungsional, pemantauan dapat dilakukan dengan baik. Kelima protokol yang diuji terbukti dapat bekerja sesuai dengan rancangan yang diharapkan dengan kisaran bandwith total yang diperlukan atas data-data yang dikirim dan diterima mulai dari meteran air hingga smartphone ialah 1,046 KBps. Ini menunjukkan bahwa pengiriman data dari meteran air dan penyimpanan data di database server juga berhasil dilakukan.  Kata kunci—HTTP, Android, Layanan berbasis lokasi, Pemantauan  AbstractThis study builds system prototype to monitor customer’s usage of water provided by PDAM through wireless network. The system were made to help customers who don’t have access to their water usage history, preventing them to properly manage it. On a bigger scale, this system could be solution to the company problem on collecting their customer usage data which have to be done by visiting each customer’s house monthly.This system was made by attaching components to water meter that capable of sending meter data to a server to be saved on MySQL database. For usage monitoring, an app made for android smartphone that sends request to server asking for usage data of certain time wanted by the user was used. The data were sent using HTTP protocol on internet connectivity gained from Ethernet module on water meter part and either cellular connection or Wi-Fi on android smartphone part. Results gotten from the conducted tests show that functional-wise, the monitoring can be done accurately using 1.046 KBps bandwith during process. Of the 5 protocol tested, all proved to be working as designed. The tests show that data sending of water meter and data saving on server database are working. Keywords—HTTP, Android, Location based service, Monitoring
Purwarupa Perangkat Keras untuk Eksekusi Algoritma AES Berbasis FPGA
Authors: Augoestien Nia Gella , Putra Agfianto Eko
Published: January 2017

AbstrakAlgoritma kriptografi AES merupakan algoritma yang sering digunakan dalam menjaga kerahasiaan data. Kerahasiaan data merupakan parameter utama pengamanan data di berbagai sistem. Keamanan data dapat dicapai dengan mengkolaborasikan algoritma AES dengan algoritma kriptosistem lainnya. Oleh karena itu,perangkat keras pengeksekusi algoritma AES dengan sumber daya terbatas menjadi sangat penting. Penelitian ini mengusulkan rancang bangun purwarupaperangkat keras untuk eksekusi algorima AES yang mengutamakan pemakaian sumber daya optimalmenggunakan FPGA tanpa mengorbankan kecepatan eksekusi. Pengoptimalan sumber daya ditempuh dengan merancang perangkat keras untuk enkripsi dengan dekripsi yang saling berbagi sumber daya, menggunakan arsitektur iteratif pada level putaran, arsitektur pipeline pada level transformasi, dan lebar data 32 bit.Purwarupa perangkat keras pada penelitian ini menggunakan FPGA Xilinx Spartan®-6 Seri (XC6LX16-CS324) hasil pemodelan telah berhasil melakukan proses enkripsi dan dekripsi. Efisiensi perangkat keras yang dicapai adalah 1,94Mbps/Slice, sedangkan lewatan yang diperoleh adalah 308,96Mbps. Dengan pemakaian sumber daya hanya 6% dari yang tersedia pada FPGA.  Kata kunci—Algoritma AES, FPGA, resource sharing, iteratif, pipeline  Abstract AES cryptography algorithm is a tool which often using to protect confidentiality of data.Confidentiality of data is principle parameter of data security in various system. Data security achieve by collaborated AES algorithm with another cryptosystem tools. Therefore, limited resource hardware to excecuteAES algorithm is very important.            This research proposed hardware prototype for excecuting AES algorithm based on FPGA. Optimumresource utilizing become basic priority in this design. So that, we are using resource sharing between hardware for encryption and decryption, iteratif architecture on round level, pipeline architecture on transformation level with 32-bit architecture at design to attain optimum resource utilizing.            Hardware prototype in this research use FPGA Xilinx Spartan®-6 (XC6LX16-CS324), encryption and decryption have been done in this hardware prototype. This prototype have 1,94Mbps/Slice hardware efficiency, 308,96Mbps throughput with only using 6% resource that available on this FPGA. Keywords— AES Algorithm, FPGA, resource sharing, iterative, pipeline
Espaço público: do urbano ao político
Authors: Feldman Sarah
Published: January 2017

Espaço público: do urbano ao políticoSérgio Luís Abrahão, São Paulo: Annablume/Fapesp, 2008.
Amazônia: disputas materiais e simbólicas
Authors: Quintslr Suyá
Published: January 2017

O estágio atual de degradação da Amazônia fez emergir, em âmbito internacional, um debate sobre seu futuro e sobre as ações que contribuem para a destruição ou para a conservação da floresta. Diversos grupos travam uma luta simbólica neste debate, através da qual buscam legitimação para seus projetos e para suas formas de utilização dos recursos. Neste trabalho, buscou-se construir um quadro analítico em que fossem contempladas as diversas matrizes discursivas empregadas na discussão acerca dos rumos da Amazônia brasileira, levando em consideração as propostas de diferentes atores e elaborações teóricas sobre os conceitos de desenvolvimento, preservação e sustentabilidade. Foram identificadas, desta forma, quatro matrizes discursivas: o discurso desenvolvimentista, o discurso da mercantilização da natureza, o discurso preservacionista e o discurso socioambiental. Palavras-chave: Amazônia; sustentabilidade; conflito ambiental; políticas públicas. Abstract: The current Amazon’s degradation state resulted in the emergence of an international debate on its future and on the actions that contribute to forest’s destruction or conservation. Several groups find themselves in a symbolic struggle around this debate, through which they reach for legitimacy for their projects and the different uses of resource. In this paper we tried to build an analytical approach in which the various discursive matrices utilized in the discussion on the future of the Brazilian Amazon were contemplated. This has been done considering the proposals of different agents and theoretic elaborations on the concepts of development, preservation and sustainability. In this way, four discursive matrices were identified – the developmentalist discourse, the nature’s mercantilist discourse, the preservationalist discourse and the socio-environmentalist discourse – that, in different political conjectures act with more or less influence over the elaborated policies for each region, with direct effects over its ecosystems and inhabitants. Keywords: Amazon; sustainability; environmental conflict; public policies.
Identidades relacionadas ao espaço geográfico: a nação brasileira e a cidade de Novo Hamburgo/RS (1927-1945)
Authors: Kerber Alessander , Prodanov Cleber Cristiano
Published: January 2017

O texto analisa as lutas de representações em torno da construção de identidades ligadas ao espaço geográfico da nação brasileira e da cidade de Novo Hamburgo (RS) através do seu principal jornal, O 5 de Abril, no período de 1927, momento de sua emancipação, até 1945, final da Segunda Guerra Mundial e da ditadura do Estado Novo. Este período foi marcado pela construção de versões acerca destas duas identidades e de sua disseminação através da imprensa. As duas versões apresentavam conflitos especialmente focados no fato de a cidade ser representada por signos que remetiam ao processo de imigração alemã, e à nação, por signos que remetiam à mestiçagem. Tais conflitos acirraram-se no momento em que o Brasil entrou na Segunda Guerra Mundial contra a Alemanha. Palavras-chave: cidade; identidade nacional; imprensa. Abstract: This is an analysis of the struggle over representations involving the construction of identities rooted in the geographical space of the nation of Brazil and the city of Novo Hamburgo using the city’s main newspaper, “O 5 de Abril”, which was published from 1927, when the city was officially recognized, until 1945, which marked the end of the Second World War and of the Estado Novo dictatorship in Brazil. This period was marked by the construction of different versions of these two identities and their massification by the media. These versions were in conflict, specifically focused on the fact that the city was represented through signs that refer to the process of German immigration, while there presentation of the nation was through signs referring the intermixing of races. These conflicts intensified when Brazil entered the Second World War against Germany. Keywords: city, national identity, the press.
A forma urbana como problema de desempenho: o impacto de propriedades espaciais sobre o comportamento urbano
Authors: Netto Vinicius M. , Krafta Romulo
Published: January 2017

O artigo traça crítica a indicadores urbanos usuais, baseados na intensidade de presença de características ou propriedades, e aponta a necessidade de indicadores de comportamento definidos pelo conhecimento do impacto da trama de propriedades espaciais sobre as dinâmicas da cidade – indicadores verdadeiramente de desempenho, aptos a avaliara cidade como fenômeno dinâmico e relacional, no qual seus componentes e dimensões têm efeitos uns sobre os outros. Indicadores capazes de capturar, por exemplo, os modos como diferentes padrões de morfologia podem impactar a vida microeconômica, a sociabilidade urbana ou o ambiente em níveis de influência sobre tendências de menor ou maior dependência veicular na movimentação intraurbana. Para tanto, lança os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos para um novo sistema de indicadores arranjados em dois eixos: metaindicadores de desempenho(equidade, eficiência, qualidade espacial e sustentabilidade) e dimensões urbanas(morfologia, dinâmica socioeconômica, limiares urbanos e relações cidade–ambiente). Palavras-chave: desempenho e comportamento urbano; indicadores sistêmicos; planejamento. Abstract: The present work proposes concepts and indicators intended to grasp features and effects of urban form; in fact, systemic indicators defined to tackle cityscapes as relational processes whose constituents are pervaded by mutual effects. Firstly, it brings a critique of indicators found in the literature, asserting that most indicators are feature indicators rather than performance indicators. Secondly, it advances theoretical and methodological grounds for new indicators geared to assess the impacts of urban structure on aspects of social life, equity in the access to jobs and facilities, the efficiency of locational patterns in economic interactions, and the sustainability of urban reproduction. Thirdly, anew set of indicators is proposed and arranged in two major groups: (i) performance indicators (spatial quality, urban equity, efficiency and sustainability), and (ii) meta-indicators for urban dimensions (general indicators of urban morphology, socioeconomy, criticality, and city environment relations). Finally, the paper discusses possibilities of application and further development, and brings mathematical definitions of the systemic indicators. Keywords: urban performance; systemic indicators; criticality.
Editorial
Authors: Costa Geraldo Magela , Feldman Sarah
Published: January 2017

Editorial
A atuação do Montepio na produção estatal de habitação em João Pessoa de 1932 a 1963
Authors: Nunes Angela Araujo
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho objetiva o exame da atuação da Carteira Imobiliária do Montepio do Estado da Paraíba na produção estatal de habitação na cidade de João Pessoa, de 1932 a 1963, período entre a designação da instituição para a produção de moradias em benefício do funcionalismo público até sua última realização antes da criação do BNH. Através de exaustiva pesquisa documental, realizada em acervos locais, e tendo como principal fonte o jornal A União, registro oficial das realizações do Executivo estadual, foram recolhidos dados sobre as realizações habitacionais do instituto, possibilitando a identificação das suas vilas e conjuntos populares e, posteriormente, a classificação das unidades construídas e a reconstituição da planta e fachada originais. Palavras-chave: Montepio; João Pessoa; carteira imobiliária; habitação popular. Abstract: This work analyzes the constructive actuations of the real estate portfolio of Montepio Paraíba State in the statal housing production in the city of João Pessoa, from 1932 to 1963, established between the institutional designation for the production of housing in benefit of the public functionalism and its last popular realization before the work of BNH. Through exhausting documental research, done in local collections and especially through the newspaper A União, official record of the realizations of the state executive, data was found regarding the realizations of the housings by the institution, identifying the cities and popular aggregation and later on classifying the built unities and the reconstitution of thehouse plans and the front elevation. Keywords: Montepio; João Pessoa; real estate portfolio; popular housing.
From Archives to the Internet
Authors: Gori Keith , Perez-Vega Rodrigo
Published: January 2017

In this chapter we discuss several qualitative methods commonly used in social research. We begin by looking at the use or archives and oral history resources in business and management research, and we identify some of the strengths and limitations of using these resources to answer research questions. We also examine the use of the Internet as a tool to conduct qualitative research, as well as some of the benefits and challenges of using this medium for data collection. We conclude by looking at the use of social media in qualitative research and by highlighting key ethical considerations when conducting research using these methods.
The Nature of Research
Authors: MacIntosh Robert , Caldwell Nigel
Published: January 2017

Whilst it is true that we have been organizing and managing in social groups since our earliest days as hunter-gatherers, the formal study of management only emerged at the start of the last century. This chapter examines the nature of management research, contrasting the view that the purpose of management research is to influence the practice of managers with the view that management is simply an interesting social phenomenon. These views are connected to two views of knowledge production, known as mode 1 and mode 2 research. The paper then concludes with advice on how to assess the quality of management research.
Mapping Research Methods
Authors: O'Gorman Kevin D , MacIntosh Robert
Published: January 2017

In most peer-reviewed settings a claim to contribution is central to the evaluation of your research. It is therefore good practice to outline the philosophical orientation of your research and this requires that you address the particular relationship between ontology, epistemology, methodology, data gathering techniques and data analysis approaches. This chapter sets out definitions of these five key concepts, shows how they inter-relate and reviews common configurations in management and organizational research. Further, the chapter introduces the Method Map as a means of presenting a succinct, yet comprehensive account of the paradigm within which your research is conducted. In so doing, the chapter offers a clear, structured and explicit means of dealing with the philosophy of knowledge.
Qualitative Data Analysis Approaches
Authors: Sang Katherine J C , Sitko Rafal
Published: January 2017

Whether researchers are using interviews, focus groups, or textual analysis, large amounts of data are produced. It can be daunting to manage and analyse the many thousands of words produced. The purpose of this chapter is to provide suggestions on how to move beyond describing what participants have said, to analysing the data. In this chapter researchers will learn more about the most common approaches to analysing qualitative data, namely, Grounded Theory, thematic and template analysis, discourse analysis and hermeneutics. Situations where each approach may be more suitable are suggested. By the end of the chapter readers should be able to identify which approach is appropriate to their data set. In addition, readers will be able to undertake robust analysis of their qualitative data.
The Human Resources Management Function
Authors: Olowookere Kehinde , Sang Katherine
Published: January 2017

Organizations come in different shapes and sizes, from small convenience stores to large multinationals. However, one common element found in any organization, regardless of size, shape or purpose is people, otherwise known as human resources (HR). Organizational success is largely dependent on such human resources (Petrone, 2014). As Petrone argues, a company is only as strong as its people. People construct organizational goals, bring creativity, skills and competencies, and largely make up the organization. Organizations, however, need to manage their people. Indeed managing HR is a fundamental part of the relationship between an organization and its people. The Human Resource Management (HRM) function is often given this responsibility in organizations. Torrington et al. (2005) define HRM as a continuous balancing act between fulfilling an organization’s goals and objectives, and those of employees. Effective management of HR should merge the needs of individuals with the demands of the organization. This chapter will examine the particular ways through which the HRM function achieves these objectives.
Marketing to Create Value
Authors: McKay Geraldine
Published: January 2017

Entrepreneurs generally feel enthusiastic when discussing their product or service idea but less comfortable when asked about their marketing approach. Marketing can suggest advertising, selling or tricks to influence people to buy things that they do not need, at a price they perhaps cannot afford. Marketing does include advertising and selling, but it is not about manipulating customers. Fifty years ago the Chartered Institute of Marketing defined marketing as “the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably” (CIM, 2007). It is both a way of thinking about and a function within business – an activity and a way of thinking. It is the part of an enterprise that thinks about the customer first; by taking a customer-centric view it better understands needs and wants. It can then actively use the resources available to provide the very best value goods and services and develop a long-term relationship with existing and potential customers. For many smaller businesses marketing can seem to be an expensive luxury but this chapter will consider how any new enterprise will benefit from both the ideas and actions of marketing.
Porters Five Forces and Generic Strategies
Authors: Arshed Norin , Pancholi Jaydeep
Published: January 2017

Competition is what keeps organizations and industries alive. Harvard Business School Professor, Michael Porter, was keen to understand the drivers of success in commercial organizations. His research indicated that industry structure mattered more than individual firm behaviour and his Five Forces model (1979) offers his explanation of the sources of competition at industry level. The model is based on the theory of determining the competitive intensity and attractiveness of a market. The five forces within the model include: competitive rivalry, threat of new entry, supplier power, buyer power, and threat of substitution. The model has been widely used by firms to analyse the external environment and specific external forces like competition, government policies, and social and cultural forces (Vining, 2011). Furthermore, to overcome such fierce competition created by the Five Forces model, and to ensure successful survival, Porter (1985) also introduced competitive strategies to gain a competitive advantage. By combining price and market type, Porter suggests these competitive strategies: cost leadership, differentiation, and market segmentation (or focus) to enable a competitive environment to prosper. This chapter concentrates on establishing and understanding the Five Forces model and the generic strategies.
Business Organizations The Internal Environment
Authors: McFarlane Julie , Curran Ross
Published: January 2017

Anyone embarking upon a journey towards a genuine understanding of business must acquire an underpinning knowledge of the inner workings of the firm, how a firm sustains its operations, and the relationship between the firm and its external environment. This chapter gives a detailed definition of the internal business environment, and the main purpose of both business organizations and strategy are discussed. Furthermore, an understanding of the key concepts relating to business organizations and how such organizations continue to create value for the consumer in today’s uncertain business environment will be developed.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance
Authors: McFarlane Julie , Gori Keith
Published: January 2017

It is almost inconceivable that you have not used at least one of the following items today: a computer, a notebook, a tablet, a mobile phone, a video game console, a television or another electrical item. You probably did so without considering the social impact of the product upon people and natural resources, perhaps automatically, or possibly because you trust the manufacturers and retailers of these products to have made these considerations on your behalf. Unfortunately, in recent years, various incidents have brought their negative impacts to public attention, damaging trust in them and the companies that produce them. The trust placed in business organizations represents a form of social contract between businesses, customers and wider society. It is central to the successful functioning of business organizations. Several processes and measures are utilized by businesses to manage these relationships, and two of them – corporate governance and corporate social responsibility – are explored in this chapter.
Spectrum of Congenital Heart Diseases in Eastern Nepal: A tertiary care hospital experience
Authors: Shah Prashant , Sherpa Kunjang , Pandey Naveen Kumar , Manandhar Bhawani , Dhungana Sahadeb Prasad
Published: January 2017

Background & Objectives: Congenital heart diseases are neglected especially in world’s poorest nations and appear to be ignored and unexplored dimension of health. The exact prevalence and spectrum of congenital heart diseases in Nepal is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the local experience on the magnitude and the pattern of congenital heart disease in order to increase the awareness of the public and health policy makers on its burden in Nepal.Materials & Methods: This is an observational hospital based study carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal. The duration of this study was from April 2015 to July 2016. The echocardiography reports of all patients clinically suspected of having congenital heart disease were retrieved, and their diagnostic details were extracted. Only patients of day one of life to 14 years of age were included. Congenital heart diseases like bicuspid aortic valve, mitral valve prolapse and various inherited cardiomyopathies were excluded.Results: A total of 330 echocardiograms were performed for clinically suspected congenital heart disease.  The mean age of study population was 22.31±34.08 months with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. 23% of clinically suspected congenital heart disease cases turned out to have normal echocardiography. Acyanotic congenital heart disease was most common (81.5%) followed by cyanotic congenital heart disease (14.2%) and obstructive congenital heart disease (4.3%). Atrial septal defect was found to be the most common form of acyanotic congenital heart disease (52%) which was followed by ventricular septal defect (28.8%) and patent ductus arteriosus (14.8%). Tetralogy of Fallot and double outlet right ventricle were the most common form of cyanotic CHD representing 44.4% of all cyanotic patients. Pulmonary stenosis was the most common obstructive congenital heart disease observed in this study population (63.6%). Rarer entities, like d-transposition of great arteries, congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries, various types of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, double inlet left ventricle, interrupted aortic arch, Shone complex, etc. were also observed, however represented only the minority of the study population.Conclusion: The spectrum of congenital heart disease seen in this study very likely and only represents the tip of the iceberg. Public awareness programmes and training of health care personnel needs to be emphasized in order to facilitate its early diagnosis and improve its outcome.
Transdermal carbamate poisoning – a case of misuse
Authors: Rajbanshi Lalit Kumar
Published: January 2017

Acute pesticide poisoning is a common mode of intentional self harm. Oral ingestion is the usual mode of poisoning. However, inhalation, accidental or occupational transdermal exposure leading to acute or chronic poisoning can be the other route of poisoning. It has been seen that the purpose of poising is suicidal intensity in most of the cases. We report an unusual case where the victim had acute pesticide poisoning through transdermal route that was intended for non suicidal purpose. The patient was managed successfully with immediate decontamination and adequate antidote.
L’influence de la recherche en gestion sur la qualification juridique du stress
Authors: Deharo Gaëlle , Point Sébastien
Published: January 2017

S’il existe de nombreux travaux portant sur le stress au travail, peu d’entre eux se sont intéressés à l’influence de la recherche en gestion sur le droit. Le juge comme le gestionnaire manipulent cependant des concepts communs dont ils élaborent des représentations différentes. L’étude porte sur l’influence de la recherche en gestion et, plus particulièrement, sur la définition et la qualification du stress par le juge. Les auteurs sont ainsi parvenus à une connaissance plus fine des risques encourus par les managers et employeurs, à identifier et à caractériser la relation d’interactions existant entre le droit et la gestion et à poser les déterminants de la responsabilité des managers et employeurs du fait du stress ressenti par leurs salariés.
Registration of Maize Inbred Line Bo23 with High Cold Tolerance and Agronomic Performance for Early Sowing
Authors: Frascaroli Elisabetta , Landi Pierangelo
Published: January 2017

Bo23 (Reg. No. GP‐599, PI 677346) is a maize (Zea mays L.) inbred line developed at the Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna (Bologna, Italy), using as source the F2 of the cross B73 × IABO78. B73 is a well‐known inbred from a US Corn Belt germplasm, and IABO78 is an inbred from Italian germplasm not previously used in breeding. Bo23 was released in 2016 due to its high cold tolerance and agronomic performance when sown early. The breeding procedure leading to Bo23 consisted of four cycles of full‐sib recurrent selection and three cycles of selection in inbreeding for germination at low temperature. In the evaluation of selection responses, a line coded as H102 (now Bo23) excelled for cold tolerance in the field and for agronomic traits. Therefore, Bo23 was further evaluated in seven trials conducted in early sowing in the southern Po Valley (Italy). The line again exhibited outstanding performance for cold tolerance and agronomic traits, both per se and as testcross. Bo23 was superior to B73 for most traits, indicating that its performance is also due to alleles of IABO78. This implies that the use of Bo23 in breeding for cold tolerance and agronomic traits can also contribute the beneficial genetic variation from its Italian parent.
Reliability of a viva assessment of clinical reasoning in an Australian pre-professional osteopathy program assessed using generalizability theory
Authors: Vaughan Brett , Orrock Paul , Grace Sandra
Published: January 2017

Clinical reasoning is situation-dependent and case-specific; therefore, assessments incorporating different patient presentations are warranted. The present study aimed to determine the reliability of a multi-station case-based viva assessment of clinical reasoning in an Australian pre-registration osteopathy program using generalizability theory. Students (from years 4 and 5) and examiners were recruited from the osteopathy program at Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia. The study took place on a single day in the student teaching clinic. Examiners were trained before the examination. Students were allocated to 1 of 3 rounds consisting of 5 10-minute stations in an objective structured clinical examination-style. Generalizability analysis was used to explore the reliability of the examination. Fifteen students and 5 faculty members participated in the study. The examination produced a generalizability coefficient of 0.53, with 18 stations required to achieve a generalizability coefficient of 0.80. The reliability estimations were acceptable and the psychometric findings related to the marking rubric and overall scores were acceptable; however, further work is required in examiner training and ensuring consistent case difficulty to improve the reliability of the examination.
Isla, Luna y barca: Navegación y pastoreo en Utopía
Authors: Machado de Araújo Joaquim
Published: January 2017

Utopía es atravesada por una racionalidad religiosa y civil, sagrada y política, teológica y filosófica, que se exprime mediante símbolos y metáforas. Aquí retenemos los símbolos de isla, luna y barca, y las metáforas de navegación y pastoreo, para desvelar la filosofía política expuesta por Tomás Moro, que aborda cuestiones relacionadas con el pilotaje y con la tripulación, con la justicia y la legitimidad de las leyes, con el príncipe y la legitimidad de la gobernación.
L’exil des huguenots messins à l’époque moderne
Authors: Léonard Julien
Published: January 2017

During the modern age, the city of Metz used to have an original status inside the French Kingdom for long, which gave to its strong calvinist minority a great weight and a freedom that the reformed people didn’t have anywhere else. Despite it, the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes shattered on the city, making the Huguenots to choose between their faith hand their homeland. In spite of the incured dangers, many of them took the risk of exiling themselves. More than 70% of the protestants in Metz left their city between the end of the 1670’s and the end of the 1690’s, mostly choosing to find shelter in Berlin, where they met again the main pastor of their community. This specific story makes the case of Metz particularly interesting, for it allows to note that the relationships between the royal power and protestants minorities could have depended on others factors than the only political will to reduce the whole kingdom to catholicism. The difficulty of exile also emphasizes the strength of the religious feeling among French protestants in general, and protestants in Metz in particular.
L’exil et les Catholiques élisabéthains chez Robert Parsons
Authors: Mollmann Sandra
Published: January 2017

The word “exile” connotes the excruciating uprooting from one’s motherland and history testifies to the fact that Elizabethan Catholics were familiar with it. The aim of this paper is to investigate the phenomenon of exile among Catholics under Elizabeth I. Of course, exile was one of the weapons used by Protestant authorities against Catholics, but a closer analysis of the phenomenon tends to show that the latter also succeeded in turning it into one of their most powerful assets. Robert Parsons examplifies how some Catholics made the most of their exile to serve the Catholic cause. This article also focuses on Parsons’ treatment of the notion of exile in his works. He manages to turn the whole picture upside down and implicitly advises his readers not to be mislead by appearances. Indeed, it is not so much English Catholic expatriates that are in exile as England itself. Because of its heretic queen and her wicked counsellors, England has drifted away from the only true faith, becoming a land of mission for zealous English priests.