bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging the gap of vision restoration
Authors: Carleton Maya , Oesch Nicholas W.
Published: November 2024

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) are similar in that both result in photoreceptor degeneration leading to permanent progressive vision loss. This affords the possibility of implementing vision restoration techniques, where light signaling is restored to spared retinal circuitry to recreate vision. There are far more AMD patients (Wong et al., 2014), yet more resources have been put towards researching and developing vision restoration strategies for RP despite it rarity, because of the tractability of RP disease models. The hope is that these therapies will extend to the AMD population, however, many questions remain about how the implementation of prosthetic or optogenetic vision restoration technologies will translate between RP and AMD patients. In this review, we discuss the difference and similarities of RP and AMD with a focus on aspects expected to impact vision restoration strategies, and we identify key gaps in knowledge needed to further improve vision restoration technologies for a broad patient population.
Regulation of CeA-Vme projection in masseter hyperactivity caused by restraint stress
Authors: Zhao Ya-Juan , Chen Ji , Liu Yang , Pan Lv-La , Guo Yan-Xia , Zhang Zhou-Ming , Li Qiang , Chen Yong-Jin
Published: November 2024

The overactivity of the masticatory muscles (bruxism or teeth clenching) is associated with stress exposure, and often leading to consistent muscle pain. However, the neural mechanism underlining it is not fully understood. The central amygdala (CeA), which is linked to stress-induced behaviors and physical reactions, projects directly to the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vme), which is crucial for oral–motor coordination. Thus, we hypothesized that the projections from the CeA to the Vme could be linked to stress-induced anxiety and overactivity of the jaw muscles. After establishing an animal model of restraint stress, we found that chronic stress could lead to noticeable anxiety-related behavior, increased masseter muscle activity, activation of GABAergic neurons in the CeA, and opposite changes in the excitability of multipolar GABAergic interneurons and pseudounipolar excitatory neurons in the Vme. Subsequently, through the utilization of anterograde and transsynaptic tracing in conjunction with immunofluorescence staining, we discovered that the neural projections from the CeA to the Vme were mainly GABAergic and that the projections from the CeA terminated on GABAergic interneurons within the Vme. Moreover, chemogenetically suppressing the function of GABAergic neurons in the CeA could effectively reduce anxiety levels and reverse the increase in the activity of the masseter muscles induced by stress. And, specifically inhibiting GABAergic projections from the CeA to the Vme via optogenetics could reduce the hyperactivity of the masseter muscles but not stress-induced anxiety. In conclusion, our findings indicate that GABAergic projections from the CeA to the Vme may play an important role in the masseter overactivity in response to chronic stress.
Dietary niacin intake and mortality among chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Zhou Zhengxi , Yao Xiaotian
Published: November 2024

Background

The relationship between niacin and the risk of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential correlation.

Methods

This cohort study utilized data from the 2003–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The study included 6,110 patients with CKD aged 18 years or older. Weighted Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to estimate hazard ratios for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Niacin intake was estimated using the 24 h dietary recall method, based on the type and amount of food consumed. All-cause mortality and cardiac mortality rates were determined using National Death Index (NDI) mortality data (as of 31 December 2018).

Results

The median niacin intake was 20.89 mg/day, with an interquartile range of 15.67–27.99 mg/day. During the follow-up period (median of 87 months), there were 1,984 all-cause deaths, including 714 CVD deaths. Compared with low niacin intake, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio for dietary intake of 22 mg or higher was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.57–0.88) for all-cause mortality and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.57, 0.98) for CVD mortality.

Conclusion

Dietary niacin intake is associated with a reduction in all-cause and cardiac mortality among CKD patients.
Magnesium depletion score and gout: insights from NHANES data
Authors: Cao Xu , Feng Haixia , Wang Huijie
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Gout is associated with hyperuricemia, and serum magnesium levels are negatively correlated with uric acid levels. Magnesium intake is also associated with a reduced risk of hyperuricemia. However, the relationship between the magnesium depletion score (MDS), which represents the systemic magnesium status, and gout is unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the association between MDS and gout as well as explore the impact of dietary magnesium intake on this relationship.

Methods

We analyzed 18,039 adults with gout data who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007 and 2016. Magnesium deficiency status was assessed using the MDS, a comprehensive scoring tool. Considering the possible effects of dietary magnesium intake, weighted multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses were used to assess the correlation between MDS and gout.

Results

The overall prevalence of gout among adults in the United States between 2007 and 2016 was 4.7%. After adjusting for confounders, MDS and gout risk showed a significant positive correlation. Individuals with an MDS of 2 and ≥ 3 had higher odds of gout than those with an MDS of 0 (MDS = 2, odds ratio: 1.86 [1.18–2.93], p = 0.008; MDS = 3, odds ratio: 2.17 [1.37–3.43], p = 0.001; p for trend <0.001). Dietary magnesium intake did not moderate the correlation between MDS and gout risk.

Conclusion

A positive correlation exists between magnesium deficiency, as quantified using the MDS, and gout risk among adults in the United States. Additionally, dietary magnesium intake did not alter this association.
An early combination of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors for cervical cancer is superior to a late combination: a propensity-score matching analysis
Authors: Ma Yi-Ming , Cheng Shu-Xia , Zhang Ming-Chuan , Zhang Hui-Ying , Gu Jun-Jiao , Zhao Pan-Pan , Ge Hong
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study compared the timing effects of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs) administration on the efficacy and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer.

Methods

This study included patients with advanced cervical cancer who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy with ICIs. The patients were divided into early-application (n=51) and late-application groups (n=56) according to the ICI application timing. The primary objective was assessing progression-free survival (PFS) and its associated factors; secondary objectives included assessing objective remission rates (ORR) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs).

Results

Before propensity score matching (PSM), the median PFS (mPFS) times were significantly different: 11.5 months (95% CI: 11.0–13.2) and 7.5 months (95% CI: 6.5–9.0) for the early and late groups, respectively (P<0.001). After PSM, the mPFS times remained significantly different: 11.5 months (95% CI: 11.0–13.8) and 6.5 months (95% CI: 6.1–9.0), respectively (P<0.001). The PSM tumor-response ORR in the early combination group (74.3%) was significantly greater than the 31.4% in the late combination group (P<0.001). After PSM, multivariate Cox analysis showed tumor diameter (P=0.004), distant organ metastasis (P=0.047), and timing of combination therapy (P<0.001) were independently associated factors affecting PFS. The most common TRAEs in the two groups of patients were neutropenia, nausea and vomiting, and fatigue, with no significant difference in incidence (P>0.050).All adverse reactions were resolved, and no adverse reaction-related deaths occurred.

Conclusion

In patients with cervical cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, earlier immunotherapy improves survival and is equivalent in safety to ICIs late application.
The effectiveness of acupuncture in cancer pain treatment
Authors: Krukowska Kamila , Krzyśkowska Sylwia , Kuchta Eliza , Rudzińska Anna , Szklener Katarzyna , Mańdziuk Sławomir
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In recent years, pain has been recognized as a primary factor significantly diminishing the quality of life in cancer patients. Recent data have prompted the establishment and increased application of non-pharmacological interventions in pain management, such as acupuncture.

Objectives

This review assesses literature from 2018 to 2023 on the impact of acupuncture on pain management and quality of life in cancer patients, with a particular focus on reducing pain intensity. The effectiveness of acupuncture therapy was compared with the traditional treatment of pain symptoms, with a focus on the patients’ quality of life.

Conclusions

Although no conclusive scientific evidence confirms the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating cancer pain symptoms, numerous studies have demonstrated its ability to reduce pain, better control pain, decrease analgesic intake, and significantly improve patients’ quality of life. Further research is needed to unequivocally confirm the clinical benefits of acupuncture.
Case Report: Expanded delineation of phenotype of TRPM3-related neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Pawelak Agnieszka , Polczyk Artur , Wolańska Ewelina , Kłaniewska Magdalena , Biela Mateusz , Basiak Aleksander , Franaszczyk Maria , Rydzanicz Małgorzata , Płoski Rafał , Śmigiel Robert
Published: November 2024

The TRPM3 gene, part of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel family, plays crucial roles in sensory perception and ion transport. Mutations in TRPM3 are linked to a range of neurological and developmental disorders. The c.2509G>A variant specifically leads to a substitution at position 837 in the protein, which is likely critical for its normal function. This study presents a male pediatric patient with a pathogenic TRPM3 variant c.2509G>A [p.(Val837Met)], contributing to a complex clinical phenotype characterized by developmental delays, significant hypotonia, and neurological abnormalities. The patient demonstrated delayed motor milestones, including the inability to sit independently until 20 months, and abnormal EEG findings without epileptic seizures. Ophthalmologic issues, such as hyperopia and astigmatism, were also identified. Behavioral abnormalities and cognitive impairment aligned with previous reports of TRPM3-related neurodevelopmental disorders. This case highlights the phenotypic variability linked to the p.(Val837Met) variant and emphasizes the need for further research into effective therapeutic strategies for TRPM3-associated conditions.
ADRB2 serves as a novel biomarker and attenuates alcoholic hepatitis via the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα pathway: integration of WGCNA, machine learning and experimental validation
Authors: Song Li , Huang Shuo , Yan Honghao , Ma Qing , Luo Qihan , Qiu Jiang , Chen Minxia , Li Zongyuan , Jiang He , Chen Yufan , Chen Fangming , Du Yu , Fu Haozhe , Zhao Lisha , Zhao Kanglu , Qiu Ping
Published: November 2024

Background

Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe inflammatory liver disease. In recent years, the incidence of AH has been on the rise, leading to an increasingly severe disease burden. Currently, there is a lack of specific biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of AH in clinical practice. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify biomarkers closely associated with the progression of AH, to address the shortcomings in pathological diagnosis, and to identify potential therapeutic targets.

Methods

Bioinformatics and machine learning methods were used to comparatively study the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AH patients and healthy individuals by analyzing four mRNA microarray data sets obtained from the GEO database. Subsequently, the role of potential biomarkers in AH and their mechanism of action were further confirmed by AH patients and in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Results

Using differential analysis and WGCNA of the data set, a total of 167 key genes that may be related to AH were obtained. Among 167 genes, the LASSO logistic regression algorithm identified four potential biomarkers (KCNJ10, RPL21P23, ADRB2, and AC025279.1). Notably, ADRB2 showed biomarker potential in GSE28619, GSE94397, and E-MTAB-2664 datasets, and clinical liver samples. Furthermore, AH patients and in vivo experiments demonstrated ADRB2 inhibition and suppression of SIRT1/PPARα/PGC-1α signaling pathways, accompanied by elevated inflammatory factors and lipid deposition. In vitro experiments showed that ADRB2 overexpression mitigated the inhibition of the SIRT1/PPARα/PGC-1α signaling pathway, reversing the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and lipid deposition induced by alcohol exposure. Besides, the results also showed that ADRB2 expression in AH was negatively correlated with the levels of inflammatory factors (e.g., CCL2, CXCL8, and CXCL10).

Conclusion

This study points to ADRB2 as a promising biomarker with potential diagnostic and prognostic value in clinical cohort data. In addition, in AH patients, in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed the key role of ADRB2 in the progression of AH. These findings suggest that ADRB2 may alleviate AH by activating the SIRT1/PPARα/PGC-1α pathway. This finding provides a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of AH.
Fermented beverages in prehispanic Chile: a comprehensive review of their phytochemistry, traditional medicinal uses, bioactivity, and social aspects
Authors: Mitsi Christina , Echeverría Javier
Published: November 2024

Background

Archaeological, ethnohistorical, and ethnographic evidence supports the ubiquitous use of fermented beverages in prehispanic Chile. Made from a variety of plant raw materials, these beverages have been of special importance regarding many nutritional, medicinal, social, ritual, and religious aspects.

Purpose

The present review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the interdisciplinary information on traditional Chilean fermented beverages, as well as on the starting materials used for their elaboration.

Materials and Methods

Anthropological and ethnopharmacological data were collected through literature searches based on archaeological evidence, books from chroniclers and explorers, as well as modern ethnographic testimonies. Literature data on the chemistry and bioactivity of the prehispanic fermented beverages and the raw materials used were mainly retrieved from digital databases such as SciFinder®, PubMed®, and Google Scholar®.

Results and Discussion

Thirty seven plant raw materials have been used for the elaboration of traditional fermented beverages in prehispanic Chile. Phytochemical and bioactivity data regarding these beverages are rather limited, but a wide spectrum of chemical compounds, health-promoting and disease-preventative effects is reported for the starting materials.

Conclusion

Despite the lack of scientific evidence on traditional prehispanic fermented beverages of Chile, the plant raw material exhibit promising phytochemical profiles and potential health-promoting and disease-preventative benefits. This review underscores the importance of integrating ethnopharmacological perspectives into modern research endeavors.
Endothelium-derived 6-nitrodopamine is the major mechanism by which nitric oxide relaxes the rabbit isolated aorta
Authors: Santos Eric Xavier Dos , Britto-Júnior José , Ribeiro João Victor , Junior Gilberto Quirino , Lima Antonio Tiago , Moraes Manoel Odorico , Moraes Maria Elisabete A. , Antunes Edson , Schenka André , De Nucci Gilberto
Published: November 2024

6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is the predominant catecholamine released from isolated vascular tissues in both mammals and reptiles, with its release being significantly reduced by the NO synthesis inhibitor, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The vasorelaxation induced by 6-ND is unaffected by either L-NAME or the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor, ODQ, indicating an alternative mechanism of action. The vasorelaxant effect appears to be mediated through selective antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors rather than traditional nitric oxide (NO)-mediated pathways. This study examined the basal release of 6-ND, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline from the rabbit thoracic aorta by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Additionally, the effects of 6-ND and the dopamine receptor antagonist L741,626 on relaxation responses and electric-field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions in aortic rings were assessed. Nitric oxide pathway inhibitors, including L-NAME, ODQ, and methylene blue, were utilized to assess the involvement of this pathway in 6-ND-induced vasorelaxation. Concentration–response curves for norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine were generated in the presence and absence of 6-ND and L-741,626. The rabbit isolated aorta presented the basal release of endothelium-derived dopamine and 6-ND. Furthermore, 6-nitrodopamine and L-741,626 induced concentration-dependent relaxations in endothelin-1 pre-contracted aortic rings. The relaxations were reduced by the mechanical removal of the endothelium but unaffected by pre-treatment with L-NAME, ODQ, or methylene blue. Pre-incubation with 6-ND significantly reduced dopamine-induced contractions, while noradrenaline- and adrenaline-induced contractions remained unchanged. The findings demonstrated that endothelium-derived 6-ND is the most potent endogenous relaxant of the rabbit isolated aorta, and the mechanism is independent of the NO pathway and involved the blockade of dopamine D2 receptors.
Antifungal effect of Algerian essential oil nanoemulsions to control Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium expansum in Thomson Navel oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck)
Authors: Gharzouli Merihane , Aouf Abdelhakim , Mahmoud Engy , Ali Hatem , Alsulami Tawfiq , Badr Ahmed Noah , Ban Zhaojun , Farouk Amr
Published: November 2024

Fungal infection is a potential issue in citrus fruits, while essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus and Citrus limon could be better alternatives to synthetic fungicides in orange preservation. The nanoparticles produced during ultrasonication exhibited a monomodal distribution of particle sizes with a mean zeta potential and a polydispersity index mean value of 74.12 nm, −38.4 mV, and 0.19 for C. citratus and 103 nm, −28.4 mV, and 0.22 for C. limon. The micrographs of the nanoemulsions exhibited spherical morphology with diverse nanometer-scale sizes. Nanoemulsification enhances the levels of neral and geranial in both oils while reducing the levels of limonene, γ-terpinene, and β-myrcene. The essential oils and their nanoemulsions exhibited good MIC values against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, ranging from 2% to 0.12%, while MBC was 4% to 0.25% (v/v) for both. The extended genetic investigation of the isolated fungal strains from Thomson Navel oranges through analysis of the ITS sequences and BLAST indicated 100% homology to those of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium expansum. Both oils’ MIC and MFC values and nanoemulsions ranged from 0.12% to 0.06% and 2% to 0.03% against P. expansum and P. digitatum, respectively. Applying nanoemulsified C. limon and C. citratus as a coating on orange fruits significantly reduced the spread of P. expansum and P. digitatum fungi compared to the control. Coating with nanoemulsions reduced the negative changes in quality parameters during storage, such as weight loss, firmness, TSS, TA, pH, and ascorbic acid content. Citrus limon nanoemulsion did not alter the coated fruits’ sensory attributes compared to C. citratus nanoemulsion.
Attachment and self-regulation in the workplace—a theoretical integration
Authors: Ren Queyu , Topakas Anna , Patterson Malcolm
Published: November 2024

Interest in adopting attachment theory to interpret workplace dynamics is growing, reflected in increasing theoretical development and empirical research. However, the advancement of the field has been hindered by the limited attention paid to the cognitive, affective and behavioral processes involved in carrying the effect of attachment styles on outcomes. Adopting a self-regulatory lens, this paper aims to unpack the attachment black box by integrating attachment theory and self-regulation theory. We propose a theoretical framework that explicates how attachment styles function to shape individuals’ regulatory responses from cognitive, affective, and behavioral perspectives, as well as identifying boundary conditions of the activation processes of attachment styles in the workplace. The framework provides novel insights into the effects, mechanisms, and boundary conditions of employee attachment styles in the workplace. Implications of the framework and future research directions are discussed.
Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of female entertainment workers in Cambodia: a group model building approach
Authors: Chua Calida S. , Ansah John P. , Tep Sovanvorleak , Oy Sreymom , Ung Mengieng , Yi Siyan
Published: November 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified global mental health challenges, particularly for vulnerable groups like female entertainment workers (FEWs), a critical HIV-affected population in Cambodia. Already facing pre-existing inequalities, FEWs encountered heightened difficulties due to the pandemic’s disruption of their livelihoods. Their susceptibility to mental health problems is exacerbated by poverty and the occupational stressors they regularly endure. This study aims to identify COVID-19-related factors adversely impacting the mental well-being of FEWs in Cambodia and explore potential interventions to mitigate these effects.

Methods

In December 2021, we conducted a two-day workshop in Phnom Penh using a group model-building approach with stakeholders from diverse backgrounds to gather collective insights. We employed the qualitative system dynamics method of causal loop diagram mapping to visualize the factors affecting FEWs’ mental health. Based on participants’ perceptions and experiences, we constructed a causal loop diagram to develop a comprehensive systems perspective.

Results

The workshop involved 27 stakeholders, including representatives from national institutions (n = 3), local NGOs (n = 17), an international NGO (n = 1), and the FEW community (n = 6). Our analysis identified 13 feedback loops highlighting key factors influencing the mental well-being of FEWs during the pandemic. These factors included the loss of family members, financial instability, fear of COVID-19 infection, the pressure of children’s homeschooling due to school closures, and food insecurity. In response, stakeholders proposed a range of interventions, including alternative vocational training, increased awareness of mental health issues, access to mental health services, and programs targeting gender-based violence within FEW communities.

Conclusion

A collaborative, multi-sectoral approach is crucial to addressing the mental health challenges of FEWs in Cambodia. Prioritizing the establishment of accessible, affordable, and high-quality mental health services, alongside the implementation of targeted interventions, is essential to mitigate the negative mental health impacts of the pandemic and enhance the overall well-being of FEWs.
Clinical presentation and molecular diagnosis of a possible Mpox virus and Varicella zoster virus co-infection in an adult immunocompetent Filipino: a case report
Authors: Balingit April Keith , Grande Phoebe Grace , Nicolasora Amalea Dulcene , Polotan Francisco Gerardo , Pantoni Roslind Anne , Abulencia Miguel Francisco , Chu Maria Yna Joyce , Rivera Nicole , Oblepias Marie Socouer , Garcia Jemelyn
Published: November 2024

We report the first travel-related case of a possible Mpox-Varicella zoster virus (VZV) co-infection in the Philippines, a country that is endemic for Varicella but non-endemic for Mpox. A 29-year-old Filipino, female, with a travel history to Switzerland and with no prior history of VZV infection sought consultation due to rashes. She presented with multiple papular, pustular, and vesicular skin lesions, some with umbilication and with irregular borders, on the face, neck, trunk, inguinal area, upper extremities, and right leg. She also had bilateral submandibular and post-auricular lymphadenopathies. Tzanck smear exhibited viral cytopathic effects. She tested positive for Mpox infection (Clade II) and Varicella infection via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) tests but with a high CT value obtained from the Mpox PCR. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) successfully recovered sequences from the Varicella zoster virus which corroborated with the high viral load detected using qPCR. In contrast, shotgun mNGS was not able to generate a Mpox consensus sequence due to very few reads mapped to the Mpox virus reference sequence, which raised the question if there was the presence of a true Mpox-Varicella co-infection in our patient. Nevertheless, systemic and topical acyclovir was given to the patient. She was discharged and continued home isolation for 30 days from the rash onset. Strategies have been formed by the country’s healthcare facilities to properly identify Mpox infection. However, Mpox co-infection with other viral diseases presented a challenge in the proper diagnosis of our patient. This prompted a high index of suspicion and the usage of suitable diagnostic tests. With proper clinical evaluation and utilization of appropriate diagnostic tests, we were able to diagnose the first Filipino patient with a possible Mpox and Varicella zoster virus co-infection.
Association between social participation patterns and social adaptation among retired Tibetan immigrants: the mediating effect of institutional capital
Authors: Zhou Yue , Ma Menghe , Sun Sheng
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study aims to examine the impact of various patterns of social participation on social adaptation among retired Tibetan immigrant older adults, as well as the mediating role of institutional capital in this relationship.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Sichuan Province, China, involving 700 older adults who immigrated to Sichuan after retiring from Tibet. After excluding invalid samples, 501 were retained for the final analysis. Distinct patterns of social participation were identified using latent class analysis (LCA), and multiple regression models were employed to analyze the mediating role of institutional capital in the relationship between social participation patterns and social adaptation.

Results

The study revealed four distinct patterns of social participation among the participants: full low-level participation, personal relationship-centric participation, social relevance-oriented participation, and balanced active participation. Institutional capital was found to play both a partial and a full mediating role in the relationship between social participation patterns and social adaptation.

Discussion

These findings suggest that the social participation of retired immigrant seniors is influenced by the combined effects of role change, spatial transition, and aging, highlighting the urgent need to identify alternatives prior to integration into the local community to facilitate a smoother adaptation to life in their new environment.
Prevalence of human visceral leishmaniasis and its risk factors in Eastern Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Geto Abebe Kassa , Berihun Gete , Berhanu Leykun , Desye Belay , Daba Chala
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Visceral Leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, is a potentially fatal, neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania and transmitted through infected sandflies. It is one of the major global public health problems and contributors to economic crisis among people. Though different studies investigated human visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa, the findings were inconsistent and inconclusive enough, and there is no representative data on this devastating public health concern. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and risk factors associated with human visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA 2020) guidelines were followed for this study. Databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, LIVIVO, African Journals Online, African Index Medicus (AIM), HINARI, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Google were used to retrieve all the relevant articles. The search was carried out from 23 May 2024 to 17 July 2024. Data were analyzed using STATA 17 software to determine the pooled prevalence of human visceral leishmaniasis with a 95% confidence interval using a random-effects model.

Result

In this meta-analysis, thirty-nine articles with 40,367 study participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence of human visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa was 26.16% [95%; CI: 19.96, 32.36%; I2 = 99.67%; p = 0.00]. Gender, age, family size, presence of termite hill/mound, presence of cattle/domestic animals, outdoor sleeping, presence of VL infected family member/s, and presence of water source/pathway near home were the risk factors significantly associated with human visceral leishmaniasis.

Conclusion

The recorded pooled prevalence of human visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa underscores the urgent need for comprehensive intervention strategies. This includes rigorous health education for residents, covering the disease’s cause, transmission, vector breeding sites, and prevention mechanisms.
Tree Memories: How Can Trees Remember Without a Brain?
Authors: Krokene Paal , Mageroy Melissa Hamner
Published: November 2024

Conifer trees are good at adapting to environmental challenges. Epigenetic memory, unlike the slow process of natural selection, allows trees to quickly adjust to challenges in their surroundings. Epigenetic memories are formed when trees experience stress such as temperature fluctuations, radiation exposure, and insect attacks. These memories can influence future responses and may even be passed on to subsequent generations. Studying epigenetic stress memory in long-lived species like conifers, which experiences many challenges over their lifetimes, is important. By understanding how these trees use epigenetic memory to survive, researchers can develop strategies to create forests that are more ready to face climate change and pest attacks.
Has rural collective construction land marketization promoted rural industrial integration development? An empirical study based on county-level data in China
Authors: Zeng Long , Zhang Yilu , Yao Jiazhou
Published: November 2024

The policy of rural collective construction land marketization (RCCLM) signifies that such land can currently be traded commercially. This not only breaks the government’s previous monopoly over the primary land market but also creates opportunities for revitalizing rural industries. This study uses county-level panel data from China between 2010 and 2022, treating the policy as a quasi-natural experiment. A multi-period difference-in-differences model is employed to examine its effects on rural industrial integration and the underlying mechanisms. The results indicate that, compared to non-pilot areas, the level of rural industrial integration in pilot areas has increased significantly by 1.47%. This finding remains robust after addressing potential model estimation biases caused by factors such as sample selection bias and reverse causality. Mechanism analysis indicates that RCCLM promotes rural industrial integration development by fostering county-level technological innovation and entrepreneurial activities. Further analysis shows that the policy exhibits significant effects in the eastern, western, and northeastern regions, as well as in counties with larger populations, while showing no significant effects in the central region and counties with smaller populations. Additionally, the RCCLM generates positive spatial spillovers on rural industrial integration of neighboring areas through resource sharing. This study provides valuable insights for research on RCCLM policy and rural industrial integration.
Effect of ultrasound pre-treatment prior to enzymatic hydrolysis on physicochemical parameters of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) extracted from side streams of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus)
Authors: Cropotova Janna , Kvangarsnes Kristine , Stangeland Janne , Rustad Turid
Published: November 2024

To produce fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) from fish raw material and side streams, enzymatic hydrolysis is commonly used. To optimize this traditional method of recovery and improve the physicochemical and functional parameters of recovered FPH, advanced non-thermal techniques like ultrasonication (US) can be applied as a pre-treatment step. The present study focused on evaluating the impact of US pre-treatment on the physicochemical parameters of FPH derived from mackerel side streams. Four experimental samples of FPH were produced: one control (without US pre-treatment) and three US pre-treated at power levels of 300 W, 450 W, and 600 W at 20 kHz before enzymatic hydrolysis. The findings revealed that FPHs from US-treated mackerel mince were lighter, less reddish, and contained a lower proportion of hydrophobic free amino acids ascribed to potentially lower bitterness. Moreover, FPH samples obtained from US-treated fish mince exhibited higher protein solubility and a greater degree of hydrolysis than the control (untreated). These functional improvements are attributed to the reduction in peptide particle size, leading to an increased presence of very small (<200 Da) and small peptides (500–2,000 Da) in FPH samples. Thus, it was shown that US pre-treatment of fish side streams before enzymatic hydrolysis can significantly improve protein solubility, degree of hydrolysis, and color parameters of FPH, while potentially affecting their bitterness through the reduction of hydrophobic free amino acids.
Evaluating the concept of three-dimensional printing guided endodontics in the dog
Authors: Peng Jiahui , Yang Jie , Liu Ruiyu , Liu Haifeng , Zhong Zhijun , Peng Guangneng , Zhang Kun , Zheng Chengli , Zhang Ming , Zhou Ziyao
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Guided endodontics represents an effective method for achieving safe and reliable endodontic surgery in human medicine. However, it is rarely employed in small animal dentistry. This study employed finite element analysis and three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques to explore the feasibility of guided endodontics in Beagle mandibular teeth.

Methods

The methodology included the processing of Computed Tomography (CT) data, the creation of mathematical and 3D printing templates of the root canal pathways, and the evaluation of dog 3D printing guided endodontics compared with classic root canal method using radiograph.

Results

In this experiment, the coordinates of the central point of pulp crown and apex point for each tooth were recorded. Based on the extension line of the central point of dental root canal orifice and the apex point, guided endodontic templates were designed on each root canal of 20 teeth in the Beagle mandible. Among them, the average relative deviation of guided endodontics and classic root canal method was 4.28%  ±  2.75%, and the mean angular deviation was 1.90  ±  0.25°.

Discussion

Our research indicated that dog 3D printing guided endodontics has accurate position, direction, and length, which may assist veterinary dentistry in root canal treatment in small animals.
Orbital reconstruction: titanium mesh implant after excision of orbitozygomaticomaxillary tumors
Authors: Wolfs Elias , Thatcher Graham P. , Soukup Jason W.
Published: November 2024

Pathologic lesions of the orbitozygomaticomaxillary complex (OZMC) and caudal oral cavity can be a challenge in veterinary oromaxillofacial surgery. Neoplastic lesions that are in close proximity to or invading the orbit may result in significant loss of structural integrity after curative intent surgery. This in turn may alter the topography of the bulbous oculi (globe) with resultant enophthalmos, diplopia, and entropion. Historically, orbital exenterations have been deemed a suitable option to avoid these complications. However, lesions that do not include the globe in the surgical margin may be overtreated by irreversible orbital exenterations. Orbital reconstruction methods that ameliorate these consequences could be advantageous. A novel approach to reconstruct the orbit with a titanium mesh implant is described and the clinical and ophthalmic outcomes reported.
Effects of dietary genistin supplementation on reproductive performance, immunity and antioxidative capacity in gestating sows
Authors: Li Yuchen , Yu Bing , Liu Chunxue , Xia Shuangshuang , Luo Yuheng , Zheng Ping , Cong Guanglei , Yu Jie , Luo Junqiu , Yan Hui , He Jun
Published: November 2024

Genistin is an isoflavone of soybean, with estrogenic activity. This experiment was conducted to investigate its effect on reproductive performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunity in gestating sows. Seventy-two sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were selected and randomly divided into two treatment groups (n = 36) based on their backfat thickness, parity and fed with basal diet or supplementation of 150 mg/ kg genistin to the basal diet based on DMI for the entire gestation period. Results showed that dietary genistin supplementation significantly increased the average number of live born per litter (p < 0.05), and tended to increase the number of healthy piglets per litter (p = 0.058), but decreased the average weight of live born per litter (p < 0.05). Dietary genistin supplementation significantly decreased the number of mummified and stillbirths per litter (p < 0.05). Moreover, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and total feed intake of the gestating sows were also increased in the genistin-supplemented group (p < 0.05). Genistin significantly increased the serum concentrations of catalase (CAT), immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM at 35 days of gestation (p < 0.05). The serum concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were also increased upon genistin supplementation (p < 0.05). However, genistin supplementation tended to decrease the serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and leptin at 85 days of gestation (p = 0.081 and p = 0.096, respectively). Interestingly, genistin supplementation decreased the transcript abundance of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and placental imprinting gene H19, but significantly increased the transcript abundance of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and amino acid transporters such as the sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNTA2) and SNAT4 in the placenta (p < 0.05). These results suggested that dietary genistin supplementation during gestation can improve the reproductive performance of sows, which was probably associated with improving of antioxidant capacity and immunity, as well as changes of transcript abundance of critical functional genes in the placenta.
Elevated PD-L1 and PECAM-1 as Diagnostic Biomarkers of Acute Rejection in Lung Transplantation
Authors: Novysedlak Rene , Balko Jan , Tavandzis Janis , Tovazhnianska Vira , Slavcev Antonij , Vychytilova Katerina , Smetanova Jitka , Bohyn Alexandre , Vajter Jaromir , Borcinova Martina , Vanaudenaerde Bart M. , Lischke Robert , Vachtenheim Jiri , Ceulemans Laurens J. , Ozaniak Strizova Zuzana
Published: November 2024

Acute cellular rejection (ACR) frequently occurs following lung transplantation (LuTx) and represents a risk factor for the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) as well as long-term survival. The histopathological diagnosis of ACR carries a burden of interobserver variability. The widespread utilization and cost-effectiveness of immunohistochemistry (IHC) was proven beneficial in diagnosing rejection in human kidney transplantations and LuTx rat models. However, its potential for ACR detection in patients remains unexplored. We analyzed surface markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, CD47, PD-1, PD-L1, and CD31/PECAM-1) on lung tissue cryobiopsy samples collected within 6 months post-LuTx from 60 LuTx recipients, 48 of whom were diagnosed with ACR. Additionally, serum samples from 51 patients were analyzed using a multiplex bead-based Luminex assay. The cytokines and markers included PD-L1, IL2, TNFα, IFNγ, and Granzyme B. We observed a significant increase in PD-L1 tissue expression within the rejection group, suggesting a concerted effort to suppress immune responses, especially those mediated by T-cells. Furthermore, we noted significant differences in PECAM-1 levels between ACR/non-ACR. Additionally, peripheral blood C-reactive-protein levels tended to be higher in the ACR group, while Luminex serum analyses did not reveal any significant differences between groups. In conclusion, our findings suggest the potential value of PECAM-1 and PD-L1 markers in diagnosing ACR.
Adaptive-Step Perturb-and-Observe Algorithm for Multidimensional Phase Noise Stabilization in Fiber-Based Multi-Arm Mach–Zehnder Interferometers
Authors: Abarzúa H. , Melo C. , Restrepo S. E. , Vergara S. , Sbarbaro D. , Cañas G. , Lima G. , Saavedra G. , Cariñe J.
Published: November 2024

Fiber-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometers are widely used in research areas such as telecommunications, spectroscopy, and quantum information. These optical structures are known to be affected by phase fluctuations that are usually modeled as multiparametric noise. This multidimensional noise must be stabilized or compensated for to enable fiber-optic Mach–Zehnder architectures for practical applications. In this work, we study the effectiveness of a modified Perturb-and-Observe (P&O) algorithm to control multidimensional phase noise in fiber-based multi-arm Mach–Zehnder interferometers. We demonstrate the feasibility of stabilizing multidimensional phase noise by numerical simulations using a simple feedback control scheme and analyze the algorithm’s performance for systems up to dimension 8×8. We achieved minimal steady-state errors that guarantee high optical visibility in complex optical systems with N×N matrices (with N=[2,3,4,5,6,7,8]).
Design and Experiment of Obstacle Avoidance Mower in Orchard
Authors: Yang Yi , He Yichuan , Tang Zhihui , Zhang Hong
Published: November 2024

In order to solve the problem of mowing between plants in Xinjiang trunk orchards, an obstacle avoidance mower suitable for trunk orchard planting mode was designed. The whole structure, working principle and main parameter design of the obstacle avoidance mower are introduced. The finite element analysis and kinematic analysis of the cutter are carried out on the premise of using a Y-shaped cutter and its arrangement, and the condition that the inter-row mower does not leak is determined. Through the modal analysis of the frame, the range of the first six natural frequencies of the frame is determined and compared with the frequency of the main excitation source of the machine to determine the rationality of the frame design. On the premise of simplifying the inter-plant obstacle avoidance mechanism into a two-dimensional model for kinematics analysis, the motion parameters of the key components of the machine were determined. At the same time, the virtual kinematics simulation single-factor test of the designed inter-plant obstacle avoidance device was carried out with the help of ADAMS 2020 software. Through the reduction in and calculation of the motion trajectory of the simulation test, it was finally determined that the forward speed of the machine, the elastic coefficient of the reset spring and the compression speed of the hydraulic cylinder were the main influencing factors of the inter-plant obstacle avoidance mower. The orthogonal test was designed and the optimal solution of the three test factors was determined. The optimal solution is taken for further field test verification. The results show that when the tractor forward speed is 1.5 km∙h−1, the hydraulic cylinder compression speed is 225 mm∙s−1, and the elastic coefficient of the reset spring is 29 N∙mm−1, the average leakage rate between the orchard plants is 7.64%, and the obstacle avoidance pass rate is 100%. The working stability is strong and meets the design requirements.
Inclusion of Hybrid Pennisetum and Probiotics Enhanced Anaerobic Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Diversity of Alfalfa Silage
Authors: Tang Jiaqi , Li Jue , Han Xuelin , Qiao Jie , Bu Shuangshuang , Xie Xiaoping , Li Xin , Zhou Jing , Yang Fulin
Published: November 2024

This study aims to assess the impact of Bacillus subtilis (BS) and Lactobacillus buchneri (LB) on the fermentation quality, microbial communities, and predicted metabolic pathways in mixed silage made from alfalfa and hybrid Pennisetum. We prepared mixed silage from fresh alfalfa and hybrid Pennisetum in a 1:1 ratio and inoculated it with BS, LB, or a combination of both (BSLB) or left it untreated as a control. The silage was fermented for 30 and 60 days. The results showed that inoculation with BS, LB, or their combination increased the lactic acid and crude-protein content while reducing the fiber content compared to the control. Additionally, BS and LB inoculation raised (p < 0.05) the acetic acid content, and the combination of both strains increased (p < 0.05) the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid. LB alone and the combined inoculation also increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus during the pre-silage period. Functional analysis through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed considerable variations among the different probiotic treatments. The silage process reduced nucleotide metabolism but enhanced carbohydrate, amino acid, energy, cofactor, and vitamin nucleotide metabolism. High-throughput sequencing combined with KEGG functional prediction demonstrated significant differences in community composition and functional changes at 30 and 60 days of fermentation. These findings enhance our understanding of bacterial communities and functional changes in mixed silage of alfalfa and hybrid Pennisetum, offering valuable insights into the fermentation mechanisms of legume and grass silage and informing practices for producing high-quality mixed silage.