bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leader of the Free Word and the Balance of Threats: Understanding Obama's New Defence Strategy
Authors: Ludvík Jan
Published: December 2015

This strategy has received substantial attention and triggered the discussion about the future of U.S. security policy and America's role in the world. The article argues that American strategy is often misunderstood, particularly in the Czech environment. Obama's defence strategy and its foundations must be explained through the lenses of the balance of threats developed by Stephen Walt. Washington is balancing what it perceives to be the greatest threat to American leadership in the world. Threats are presented by emerging power of People's China, the situation in Middle East. Europe is not less important; it is still an important American ally.
Seeking Foundations of Economy Methods and Savings in MoD Sector
Authors: Ochrana František
Published: December 2015

This paper deals with theoretical and practical correlations of "additional" savings in defence sector. Referring to conclusions of White Paper of Defence, the author differencites between rational savings and irrational ones, i.e. the false savings. Rational savings lead us to higher economy, effecitivy and usefulness. Irrational savings present non-system measures when respective "cuts" are only for for appearance's sake, the savings are only for show. In reality, in terms of long-term prospects they will bring even higher social expenditures before those "cuts" were introduced. The author proposes several recommendations concerning effective saving to eliminate wasting defence sources.
Sustenance Traditions and Nutritional Level of Undergraduates at the Defence University
Authors: Komár Aleš
Published: December 2015

Dietary habits and nutritional conditions are closely tied. They were measured and tested during academic semester, namely in time of examination. Results reached were analyzed. Statistics proved our assumption that during the exam period this study burden deeply influenced overall nutritional state by anthropometrical indicators in male clusters; with 95% rate probability it influenced body mass, body fat and the percentage of water in a body. Zero hypothesis was confirmed as far as muscle material was evaluated.
Citizen Science: The First Peninsular Malaysia Butterfly Count
Authors: Wilson John-James , Jisming-See Shi-Wei , Brandon-Mong Guo-Jie , Lim Aik-Hean , Lim Voon-Ching , Lee Ping-Shin , Sing Kong-Wah
Published: December 2015

Over the past 50 years, Southeast Asia has suffered the greatest losses of biodiversity of any tropical region in the world. Malaysia is a biodiversity hotspot in the heart of Southeast Asia with roughly the same number of mammal species, three times the number of butterfly species, but only 4% of the land area of Australia. Consequently, in Malaysia, there is an urgent need for biodiversity monitoring and also public engagement with wildlife to raise awareness of biodiversity loss. Citizen science is “on the rise” globally and can make valuable contributions to long-term biodiversity monitoring, but perhaps more importantly, involving the general public in science projects can raise public awareness and promote engagement. Butterflies are often the focus of citizen science projects due to their charisma and familiarity and are particularly valuable “ambassadors” of biodiversity conservation for public outreach.

Here we present the data from our citizen science project, the first “Peninsular Malaysia Butterfly Count”. Participants were asked to go outdoors on June 6, 2015, and (non-lethally) sample butterfly legs for species identification through DNA barcoding. Fifty-seven citizens responded to our adverts and registered to take part in the butterfly count with many registering on behalf of groups. Collectively the participants sampled 220 butterfly legs from 26 mostly urban and suburban sampling localities. These included our university campus, a highschool, several public parks and private residences. On the basis of 192 usable DNA barcodes, 43 species were sampled by the participants. The most sampled species was Appias olferna, followed by Junonia orithya and Zizina otis. Twenty-two species were only sampled once, five were only sampled twice, and four were only sampled three times. Three DNA barcodes could not be assigned species names. The sampled butterflies revealed that widely distributed, cosmopolitan species, often those recently arrived to the peninsula or with documented "invasive" potential, dominated the habitat types sampled by the participants. Data from this first Butterfly Count helps establish a baseline from which we can monitor the patterns and changes in butterfly communities in Peninsular Malaysia.
Rendez-vous dans dix ans
Authors: Tisseron Serge
Published: December 2015

Deux raisons obligent à réfléchir à la possibilité de mener des psychothérapies par Internet. La première concerne la pénurie de thérapeutes sur certaines régions. La seconde propose de penser le dispositif imaginé par Freud comme un cas particulier d’une théorie générale dont nous devrions explorer d’autres variantes capables notamment de s’ajuster aux nouvelles psychopathologies. Dans tous les cas, la thérapie en ligne a besoin d’un protocole associant repères spatiaux et temporels, accord financier et confidentialité.
Perspectives thérapeutiques : le robot humanoïde
Authors: Baddoura Ritta , Gibert Guillaume , Venture Gentiane
Published: December 2015

La plateforme de téléopération intuitive SWoOZ pose un robot humanoïde comme médiateur entre deux humains. Les premières études mettent en avant les dimensions subjectives et affectives de l’expérience des personnes interagissant avec le robot, notamment en terme de présence, et attirent l’attention sur le potentiel inédit de l’usage clinique du robot. Il apparaît à la fois comme outil technologique, jouet ou partenaire de jeu dans le processus thérapeutique.
Évaluation projective de la qualité du narcissisme à l’adolescence : comparaison de patientes névrosées et états limites
Authors: Hurvy Caroline , Cohen de Lara Aline
Published: December 2015

L’étude qualitative des manifestations du narcissisme aux épreuves projectives est apparue pertinente pour rendre compte de certaines particularités du fonctionnement psychique d’un groupe de patientes adolescentes névrotiques comparées à un groupe de patientes états limites. Étant donné les profonds remaniements des investissements objectaux nécessités par l’avènement de la puberté, l’adolescence est une période au cours de laquelle les assises narcissiques du sujet sont fortement mises à l’épreuve. Si dans les deux groupes des fragilités narcissiques sont présentes, celles-ci diffèrent quant à leur place et leur fonction dans l’économie psychique globale. À travers l’étude de certains aspects du narcissisme – le type d’investissement des limites entre dedans et dehors, la qualité de l’introjection objectale sous-jacente – et de ses incidences sur le traitement de la problématique de perte d’objet seront discutées les caractéristiques différentielles de ces deux modes d’organisation, névrotique et limite.
Au fondement de l’autonomie était un autre
Authors: Séverac Nadège , Moisset Pierre
Published: December 2015

L’autonomie est aujourd’hui une vertu cardinale parce que les individus sont supposés, de plus en plus tôt, savoir s’orienter dans des sociétés complexes et rester adaptables. Or, définir sa propre trajectoire n’implique pas d’être seul, mais au contraire une capacité de dialogue qui s’exerce d’abord en lien avec des proches, avant de pouvoir être mise en œuvre dans son for intérieur. Si les jeunes sortants de l’ ase sont défavorisés dans cet apprentissage, ce n’est pas seulement parce qu’on exige d’eux une indépendance précoce, mais aussi parce que la prise en charge les soumet à des incertitudes particulières, consistant en aléas et en conditionnalité quant aux liens susceptibles d’être noués et conservés. On montre ici que même lorsque les jeunes ont tissé une relation d’affiliation avec leur famille d’accueil, cette incertitude pèse sur leur construction identitaire, et ce jusqu’à ce qu’une configuration de liens autonomisante puisse être trouvée, ce qui implique de pouvoir compter sur un professionnel qui se distingue par son humanité.
Les enjeux de l’Accueil provisoire jeune majeur pour les jeunes majeurs parisiens
Authors: Garrigues Hélène
Published: December 2015

Nous assistons à un intérêt croissant quant au devenir des enfants, adolescents et jeunes majeurs ayant bénéficié d’une mesure de placement dans le cadre de la protection de l’enfance. Ce qui ressort de l’ensemble de ces recherches, c’est que les principales difficultés d’insertion rencontrées par les jeunes à la sortie des dispositifs de protection de l’enfance se situent autour du passage à l’âge adulte et de son corollaire : l’autonomie. Face à ces difficultés, il paraît alors pertinent d’étudier, en parallèle du devenir de ces jeunes, l’accompagnement vers l’autonomie qui leur est proposé durant leur prise en charge, et notamment dans le cadre du dispositif d’Accueil provisoire jeune majeur ( apjm ), mais également comment ils vivent cet accompagnement. Cet article tente de comprendre quelle est l’expérience vécue par les jeunes de 18 à 21 ans pris en charge dans le cadre d’un apjm , et ce qu’ils font de l’accompagnement vers l’autonomie qui leur est proposé.
Mieux préparer et accompagner les « jeunes sortants » de la protection de l’enfance et de la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse pour une réelle inclusion sociale
Authors: Sourmais Laure , Pallez Audrey
Published: December 2015

Si le passage à l’âge adulte constitue un moment décisif pour tous les jeunes, la situation est particulièrement alarmante pour les « jeunes sortants » de la protection de l’enfance et de la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse. Pour ces derniers, le passage à la majorité signifie, le plus souvent, l’arrêt brutal de l’accueil et de l’accompagnement éducatif. Il est donc essentiel de soutenir leur parcours vers l’âge adulte, non seulement d’un point de vue politique et législatif, mais surtout en repensant les pratiques. L’objectif est que tous les jeunes entre 16 et 18 ans soient préparés progressivement à la sortie du dispositif et qu’il leur soit proposé, à leur majorité, un accompagnement dans l’âge adulte.
Senecio canoi (Compositae), a new species of the Andes of Peru
Authors: Montesinos-Tubée Daniel B. , Gonzáles Paúl , Navarro Eduardo
Published: December 2015

Senecio canoi, a new species of Compositae of the high Andes of Southern Peru, Puno department, is described and illustrated. Senecio canoi is a perennial species differing from others in the ser. Suffruticosi subser. Caespitosi by having tufted habit, oblong-spathulate leaves with toothed margin, glabrous, and white flowers.
Cálculo en agotamiento de secciones de fábrica reforzadas a flexión con láminas de FRP
Authors: Martínez S. , García M. D. , Gutiérrez J. P.
Published: December 2015

Las estructuras de fábrica apenas tienen capacidad para resistir tracciones lo que las hace vulnerables ante acciones desestabilizantes de tipo accidental, como terremotos, o cuando sufren daños que alteran su geometría, por ejemplo, por asientos diferenciales.

En este trabajo se presenta un método para la comprobación en agotamiento de secciones de fábrica reforzadas a flexión con láminas de FRP. Está basado en el procedimiento de cálculo de la capacidad resistente de secciones de hormigón pero adaptado a las particularidades y condicionantes de las fábricas reforzadas. En esta propuesta se utiliza un diagrama de cálculo tensión deformación de la fábrica de tipo bilineal y se limita la deformación de cálculo del refuerzo teniendo en consideración ciertos aspectos que provocan que no pueda desarrollar toda su resistencia. En concreto, se propone un «coeficiente reductor por adherencia» que se determina a partir de una amplia base de datos con ensayos de flexión.
Ebola en Guinée : violences historiques et régimes de doute
Authors: Fribault Mathieu
Published: December 2015

Cet article fait l’hypothèse que les « réticences » et les « rumeurs » qui s’observent en Guinée dans le cadre de la Maladie à Virus Ebola (MVE), et qui ne semblent pas s’affaiblir plus d’une année et demie après la déclaration de l’épidémie, peuvent s’inscrire et être analysées dans le droit fil des violences qui ont caractérisé l’histoire de la sous-région durant plusieurs siècles. Selon cette hypothèse, les Guinéens expérimenteraient l’épidémie ainsi que sa prise en charge, à partir de ces expériences passées, comme de nouvelles violences politiques. La notion de « démystification » liée à un programme étatique post-indépendance des années 60, qui visait la suppression du « fétichisme » et la fabrication d’une citoyenneté nationale, est le fil conducteur permettant de comparer les violences passées et la crise épidémique d’aujourd’hui ainsi que les réponses que les sociétés guinéennes y ont apporté et y apportent toujours.
La Fièvre Hémorragique à Virus Lassa au Bénin en 2014 en contexte d’Ebola : une épidémie révélatrice de la faiblesse du système sanitaire
Authors: N’koué Sambiéni Emmanuel , Danko Nouratou , Ridde Valéry
Published: December 2015

L’histoire de la gestion de l’épidémie de fièvre hémorragique à virus Lassa (FHVL), survenue au Bénin en 2014, se situe dans un contexte d’épidémie à virus Ebola en Afrique de l’Ouest. La présente recherche vise à comprendre les conditions sociales du déclenchement et de l’évolution de l’épidémie de FHVL, d’une part, et les processus techniques, politiques et institutionnels de sa gestion par l’État et le réseau international d’alerte et de riposte sanitaire, d’autre part. L’enquête de terrain s’est déroulée sur plusieurs sites : au ministère de la santé à Cotonou, dans les services de santé (dont l’hôpital Saint-Jean de Dieu de Tanguiéta au Nord du pays), et dans les familles de l’aire géographique de l’épidémie. L’enquête qualitative a associé des observations directes dans les milieux sociaux et hospitaliers, des entretiens semi-structurés et la recension d’articles scientifiques, de littérature grise et de presse. L’article suggère qu’au plan institutionnel et médical, l’État a fait preuve de faiblesse dans la riposte d’urgence, surtout en matière de communication et de diagnostic. Du côté des populations et des agents de santé, les symptômes vus, entendus ou appris ont été interprétés selon les modèles étiologiques locaux de la maladie, empreints de logiques magico-religieuses. L’offre privée confessionnelle de santé, malgré ses forces et sa réputation, est encore peu outillée pour réagir rapidement à une épidémie d’urgence comme celle-ci. Les structures décentralisées du système de soins ne se sont pas appropriés leurs rôles. L’État manque d’un système de surveillance et de capacités de gestion des épidémies d’urgence.
Qui décide ici ? Le comportementalisme dans le système carcéral américain
Authors: Rhodes Lorna A.
Published: December 2015

Lorsque les employés de la prison décrivent un « comportement » ou désignent un prisonnier comme « comportemental (behavioral) », ils font référence à des actes d’agression ou d’auto-agression extrêmes et en apparence irrationnels. Ces « comportements », à la frontière entre l’indiscipline et la folie, ne relèvent ni explicitement de la responsabilité du personnel de surveillance, ni du personnel soignant. Ils constituent un trouble continuel et insoluble au sein du dispositif institutionnel, mobilisant d’importants moyens (en personnels ou en infrastructure spécialisée). Pourtant, le « comportement » constitue aussi une ressource pour la prison qui recourt à une vision simplifiée du comportementalisme afin d’établir le contrôle sur les individus. En s’appuyant sur une enquête ethnographique dans des unités pénitentiaires psychiatriques qui mettent en œuvre des pratiques de gestion comportementale, cet article vise à montrer comment le « comportement » exprime la relation problématique entre le contrôle et l’action individuelle, tension qui imprègne l’ensemble du complexe carcéral.
International Student Mobility at California Community Colleges
Authors: Raby Rosalind Latiner , Budd Deborah , Serban Andreea , Van Hook Dianne
Published: December 2015

The authors in this chapter use a case study of three California community college districts to explore how they are strategically developing, advancing, and assessing the continuous cycle of community college international student recruitment, retention, and student success. These districts show how specifically designed practices can link internationalization to college missions, embrace student experiences that provide cultural and academic benefits for all students, and ensure what critical mass is needed to make these benefits happen. The authors also explore how this cycle is essential in designing a community college internationalization strategy to link student mobility to student success.
Moving against the Current
Authors: Thonje Admire
Published: December 2015

International student migration in the southern African context is a scantily researched area. While research abounds on aspects of migration such as human rights, remittances, development efficacy of migration and transnationalism, the concerns, experiences and encounters of student migrants remains neglected. While in South Africa some migrants are exposed to xenophobic sentiments, little is known about experiences in places such as Zimbabwe. Employing Zimbabwe as a case, the author discusses context, experiences and the policy framework around international students from within the southern African region. It reveals the causes for migration, socio-economic experiences as well as exposure to life in Zimbabwe predominantly during the difficult decade at the turn of the millennium in 2000. In bringing up experiences and challenges, it highlights transformation in the enrollment patterns as well as areas for policy improvement.
A case of quadricuspid aortic valve characterized by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Pulcino Achille , Sordelli Chiara , Ismeno Gennaro , Tritto Francesco Paolo , Golino Paolo , Piazza Luigi
Published: December 2015

We report a rare subtype of quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) associated with moderate aortic regurgitation in a 17- year old woman symptomatic for palpitations. The patient was admitted to our department for cardiac evaluation due to a previous diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve; she underwent a new two-dimensional echocardiography revealing a rare type of quadricuspid aortic valve with a moderate regurgitation. For further investigating potentially associated abnormalities, patient was referred to Cardiac MRI; MRI showed no other abnormalities and confirmed echocardiographic findings. Quadricuspid aortic valve is a rare form of congenital valvular anomaly often occasionally diagnosed. In most cases this malformation causes a valve dysfunction, commonly aortic regurgitation, and can be associated with other cardiac abnormalities such as ventricular or atrial septal defect, anomalies of coronary arteries, patent ductus arteriosus, subaortic fibromuscolar stenosis and mitral valve malformation.
Obesity and ischemic heart disease. Is there a link between wellness’ diseases?
Authors: Maresca Fabio , D’Ascoli Greta Luana , Ziviello Francesca , Petrillo Gianluca , Di Palma Vito , Russo Angelo , Grieco Alessandra , Cirillo Plinio
Published: December 2015

Obesity, the most common nutritional disorder in Western countries, is usually associated to cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise molecular pathways underlying this close association remain poorly understood. Nowadays, the adipose tissue is considered as an endocrine organ able to produce substances called adipo(cyto)kines that have different effects on lipid metabolism, closely involved in metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk. The increased cardiovascular risk can be related also to peculiar dysfunction in the endocrine activity of adipose tissue observed in obesity responsible of vascular impairment (including endothelial dysfunction), prothrombotic tendency, and low-grade chronic inflammation. The present review aims at providing an up-dated overview on the adipocytederived molecules potentially involved in cardiovascular pathophysiology.
After all, everybody loves a good story! Update on the Case Reports’ Chronicle
Authors: Trisolini R.
Published: December 2015

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Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome: a radiologic perspective
Authors: Oliva I.B. , Cortopassi F. , Rochester C.L. , Rubinowitz A.N.
Published: December 2015

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (that includes emphysema) results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is also a chronic and progressive parenchymal lung disease with an average survival of less than 5 years after diagnosis. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is an important but still underdiagnosed syndrome. Its diagnosis is based on the radiological findings at computed tomography which consists of emphysema of the upper lung zones and fibrosis of the lower lung zones. Since this syndrome has a very bad prognosis, even worse than isolated finding of emphysema or fibrosis alone, early recognition and rapid treatment are important. In this article we will review and elucidate the radiologic appearance of this syndrome and highlight its clinical importance.
The administration of aerosolised medications in bronchiectasis: the rediscovery of an old method
Authors: Casali L. , Crapa M.E.
Published: December 2015

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Validation of lung densitometry threshold at CT for the distinction between senile lung and emphysema in elderly subjects
Authors: Bellia M. , Benfante A. , Menozzi M. , Augugliaro G. , Scichilone N. , Cannizzaro F. , Midiri M. , Bellia V.
Published: December 2015

Background and Aims. An ageing lung is characterised by distal airspace enlargement without alveolar wall destruction: therefore the anatomical distinction between senile lung and emphysema is clear-cut. In clinical settings the definition of precise boundaries between normalcy and pathology is more difficult with the risk of overdiagnosis. CT is an important diagnostic advancement in the field of COPD. Most methods for the evaluation of emphysema are based on the detection and measurement of areas characterised by a density level below a threshold assumed to characterize parenchymal destruction. Methods. Our retrospective study included 47 healthy subjects (65-91 years), 36 never smokers and 11 former smokers. As a reference sample we recruited 9 patients with emphysema (69-81 years). Thoracic scan was performed by single slice spiral CT and acquired without contrast enhancement. For each scan and on both lungs we sampled eighteen regions of interest in the upper, middle and lower field. Mean lung density (MLD) and lower limit of normal (LLN) of density distribution were calculated. Results. MLD for the whole study sample was -846±41 HU. -901 HU was the LLN of density distribution in the study sample. No significant correlation was noted between age and MLD. In the emphysematous sample the average lung density was -946±18 HU. The mean coefficient of variation was 3% in the healthy sample and 2% in the emphysematous one. The difference between groups was significant (p<0.0001). In one healthy subject only we measured a value slightly below the threshold reported in literature for conventional CT; no emphysematous value fell above the LLN. Conclusions. This study highlights the fact that in the elderly the threshold level of lung density commonly adopted in diagnostic algorithms of emphysema is fully applicable. When applying this method to older subjects the risk of misinterpreting areas of physiologic non-destructive reduction of density as emphysema is low.
Use of aerosols in bronchiectasis patients
Authors: Dal Negro R.W. , Micheletto C. , Tognella S.
Published: December 2015

Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease which recognises different etiologies, and characterised by persistent cough, bronchial hypersecretion, airway colonisation with Gram-negative pathogens; frequent infectious exacerbations; progressive lung function decline, and poor quality of life. Several therapeutic strategies are used for managing bronchiectasis, and nebulised medications are regarded with great and ever increasing interest because they allow the direct medication of targets airway structures, higher concentrations of the drug employed, and much less systemic effects. In general terms, the available therapeutic strategies lead to different results depending of whether bronchiectasis are related to cystic fibrosis or not. The effects of the main classes of drugs for aerosol delivery in bronchiectasis patients have been reviewed and updated. Further research is needed in order to ameliorate therapeutic interventions in bronchiectasis, both in terms of new molecules and aerosol formulations to use, and of systems able to optimize drug delivery and drug effectiveness.
Indications for Diagnostic Bronchoscopy in Adults
Authors: Gasparini S.
Published: December 2015

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Transbronchial Pulmonary Biopsies
Authors: Casoni G. , Gurioli C. , Poletti V.
Published: December 2015

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Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
Authors: Trisolini R. , Patelli M. , Ceron L. , Gasparini S.
Published: December 2015

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Contraindications, Risks, Complications in Interventional Pneumology
Authors: Facciolongo N.
Published: December 2015

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Bronchoscopy in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Fecci L. , Consigli G.F.
Published: December 2015

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Therapeutic Medical Thoracoscopy
Authors: Mori P.A. , Casalini A.G.
Published: December 2015

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Advanced Medical Thoracoscopy
Authors: Tassi G.F. , Marchetti G.P. , Aliprandi P.L.
Published: December 2015

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Jesus and the six objectives of Daniel 9:24
Authors: Ulrich Dean R.
Published: December 2015

Although Daniel 9:24–27 addresses the Antiochene crisis of the second century bce, many of Jesus’ followers have read this passage with reference to his first and second comings. Following the typological example of the Old Testament and New Testament, this article considers how Jesus is another anointed one that replays the 6th and 2nd century worlds of Daniel 9 and thereby accomplishes the six objectives of Daniel 9:24.Alhoewel Daniёl 9:24–27 die krisis in die tweede eeu v.C. veroorsaak deur Antiogus aanspreek, lees baie van Jesus se volgelinge hierdie gedeelte met verwysing na sy eerste en tweede koms. Hierdie artikel volg die tipologiese verstaan van die Ou Testament en Nuwe Testament en ondersoek tot hoe ’n mate Jesus nόg ’n gesalfde is wat die tweede- en sesde eeuse wêrelde van Daniёl 9 hervertolk. Sodoende, voer hierdie artikel aan, vervul dit dus die ses doelwitte van Daniёl 9:24.
Emergence of micronuclei as a genomic biomarker
Authors: Sabharwal Robin , Verma Parul , Syed Mohammed Asif , Sharma Tamanna , Subudhi Santosh Kumar , Mohanty Saumyakanta , Gupta Shivangi
Published: December 2015

The presence of micronuclei (MN) in mammalian cells is related to several mutagenetic stresses. MN are formed as a result of chromosome damage and can be readily identified in exfoliated epithelial cells. MN is chromatin particles derived from acentric chromosomal fragments, which are not incorporated into the daughter nucleus after mitosis. It can be visualized by chromatin stains. A variety of factors influences the formation of MN in cells such as age, sex, genetic constitution, physical and chemical agents, adverse habits such as tobacco, areca nut chewing, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Micronucleation has important implications in the genomic plasticity of tumor cells. The present paper reviews the origin, fate and scoring criteria of MN that serves as a biomarker of exposure to genetic toxins, and for the risk of cancer.
Clinical implication of thiopurine methyltransferase polymorphism in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A preliminary Egyptian study
Authors: El-Rashedy Farida H. , Ragab Seham Mohammed , Dawood Ashraf A. , Temraz Shaymaa A.
Published: December 2015

Background: 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is an essential component of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) maintenance therapy. Individual variability in this drug-related toxicity could be attributed in part to genetic polymorphism thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT). Aim: To investigate the frequency of common TPMT polymorphisms in a cohort of Egyptian children with ALL and the possible relation between these polymorphisms and 6-MP with short-term complications. Materials and Methods: This study included 25 children. Data related to 6-MP toxicity during the maintenance phase were collected from the patients′ files. DNA was isolated and genotyping for TPMT G460A, and A719G mutations were performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: Twenty (80%) of the included 25 patients had a polymorphic TPMT allele. TPMTFNx013A was the most frequent (14/25, 56%), 8 patients were homozygous and 6 were heterozygous. TPMTFNx013C mutant allele was found in 4 patients (16%) in the heterozygous state while 2 patients (8%) were found to be heterozygous for TPMTFNx013B mutant allele. TPMT mutant patients, especially homozygous, were at greater risk of 6-MP hematological toxicity without significant difference regarding hepatic toxicity. Conclusions: TPMT polymorphism was common among the studied group and was associated with increased risk of drug toxicity. A population-based multi-center study is required to confirm our results.
Evaluation de l’efficacité thérapeutique du diméthane sulfonate d’HI-6 lors d’une intoxication par le VX russe (VR), chez le macaque cynomolgues
Authors: Dhote Frank , Reymond Chloé , Dorandeu Frédéric
Published: December 2015

Dans les armées françaises, le traitement d’urgence des intoxications par les neurotoxiques organophosphorés est l’oxime méthylsulfate de pralidoxime (Contrathion ®) associée, dans un autoinjecteur bicompartimenté (AIBC, Ineurope ®), au sulfate d’atropine et au chlorhydrate d’avizafone. Le méthylsulfate de pralidoxime ne permet pas la réactivation des cholinestérases inhibées par certains agents neurotoxiques tel que le VX Russe (VR). Nous avons donc évalué l’efficacité d’une autre oxime, le diméthane sulfonate d’HI-6 (HI-6-DMS), face à des doses croissantes de VR. L’utilisation de primates non humains ayant été demandée par l’Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament en raison de la forte variabilité inter-espèces de l’efficacité des oximes, nous avons choisi le cynomolgus pour lequel des données expérimentales étaient déjà disponibles. Une meilleure efficacité de l’AIBC contenant l’HI-6-DMS a été clairement mise en évidence : jusqu’à au moins 5 DL50 de VR, l’HI-6-DMS combiné à l’atropine et à l’avizafone, administrés rapidement après l’apparition des signes cliniques a permis d’éviter le décès et d’améliorer la récupération des animaux intoxiqués.
Maladie à virus Ebola : une zoonose orpheline ?
Authors: Calvignac-Spencer Sébastien , De Nys Hélène , Peeters Martine , Leendertz Fabian H.
Published: December 2015

La terrible épidémie de maladie à virus Ebola qui a balayé l’Afrique de l’Ouest a mis en évidence combien nos connaissances sur cette maladie infectieuse sont limitées. Une question particulièrement mystérieuse reste celle du réservoir animal de cette zoonose. L’implication des chauves-souris dans l’écologie du virus semble probable mais il n’est pas encore établi qu’elles jouent un rôle dans sa transmission à l’homme. Près de 40 ans après la découverte du virus, cette communication se propose de faire le point sur les savoirs accumulés et de dégager des pistes de réflexion utiles.
Intérêt et applications du Cross-Linking du colagène cornéen en ophtalmologie vétérinaire
Authors: Famose Frank
Published: December 2015

Corneal collagen cross-linking : interests and applications in veterinary ophthalmology.

Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is a photochemical process based on the production of free radicals by a chromophore (riboflavin) after activation by a UVA beam. Corneal effects are as follows : improvement of the corneal strength and of its resistance to enzymatic digestion, inactivation of in situ microbial germs and modulation of the corneal inflammatory response. Veterinary applications of this process are adapted from human ophthalmology and consist first in the treatment of confirmed or supposed corneal infections. PACK-CXL (Photo-Activated Chromophore for Keratitis – CXL) is a serious option for the treatment of corneal melts in dogs, cats and horses and can replace tectonic surgery. The second application is the treatment of bullous keratopathy in canine patients for which the CXL provides the symptomatic relief of the chronic corneal ulceration although corneal edema remains unchanged.
Approche quantitative de l’aidose chez les ruminants
Authors: Sauvant Daniel , Giger-Reverdy Sylvie
Published: December 2015

L’acidose du rumen est un trouble fréquent chez le ruminant à niveau élevé de performance et recevant, de ce fait, une ration riche en énergie. Elle est de plus en plus étudiée et de nombreux résultats sont maintenant disponibles. Ceux-ci sont utilisés pour établir des lois de réponse du pH du rumen à différents facteurs, alimentaires ou non, ce qui permet d’en déduire des valeurs de seuils et les zones de valeurs optimales pour ces différents critères. Les résultats disponibles et les modèles établis sont considérés d’abord d’un point de vue statique, puis d’un point de vue dynamique. Sur ce volet, des relations intéressantes sont établies entre les dynamiques d’ingestion et de pH. De plus, les épisodes d’acidose altèrent modérément le fonctionnement du rumen et, plus sévèrement, l’ingestion et la production laitière. Des recherches prometteuses mettent en relation l’acidose avec les caractéristiques du microbiote (l’ensemble des micro-organismes) du rumen et de l’hôte.
Axe intestin-cerveau : comment le microbiote intestinal influence la réponse au stress
Authors: Rabot Sylvie
Published: December 2015

Le tube digestif abrite une communauté microbienne complexe, le microbiote intestinal, dont le potentiel génétique excède celui de l’hôte en richesse et diversité. Ces dernières années ont vu apparaître des données indiquant que le microbiote intestinal participe au dialogue intestin-cerveau. Des comparaisons entre rongeurs axéniques et conventionnels ont notamment montré que l’absence de microbiote intestinal intensifiait la réactivité de l’axe corticotrope, et modifiait le niveau d’anxiété induit par un stress. La découverte que le microbiote intestinal régule les réponses neuroendocrinienne et émotionnelle au stress conduit à l’hypothèse que des déséquilibres du microbiote pourraient contribuer, chez l’Homme comme chez l’animal, à la physiopathologie de troubles du comportement, tels que les troubles anxieux. A cet égard, l’administration de probiotiques chez des modèles de rongeurs ayant un niveau d’anxiété élevé a un effet anxiolytique.
Data-based estimates of the ocean carbon sink variability – first results of the Surface Ocean pCO2 Mapping intercomparison (SOCOM)
Authors: Rödenbeck C. , Bakker D. C. E. , Gruber N. , Iida Y. , Jacobson A. R. , Jones S. , Landschützer P. , Metzl N. , Nakaoka S. , Olsen A. , Park G.-H. , Peylin P. , Rodgers K. B. , Sasse T. P. , Schuster U. , Shutler J. D. , Valsala V. , Wanninkhof R. , Zeng J.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Using measurements of the surface-ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and 14 different pCO2 mapping methods recently collated by the Surface Ocean pCO2 Mapping intercomparison (SOCOM) initiative, variations in regional and global sea–air CO2 fluxes are investigated. Though the available mapping methods use widely different approaches, we find relatively consistent estimates of regional pCO2 seasonality, in line with previous estimates. In terms of interannual variability (IAV), all mapping methods estimate the largest variations to occur in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Despite considerable spread in the detailed variations, mapping methods that fit the data more closely also tend to agree more closely with each other in regional averages. Encouragingly, this includes mapping methods belonging to complementary types – taking variability either directly from the pCO2 data or indirectly from driver data via regression. From a weighted ensemble average, we find an IAV amplitude of the global sea–air CO2 flux of 0.31 PgC yr−1 (standard deviation over 1992–2009), which is larger than simulated by biogeochemical process models. From a decadal perspective, the global ocean CO2 uptake is estimated to have gradually increased since about 2000, with little decadal change prior to that. The weighted mean net global ocean CO2 sink estimated by the SOCOM ensemble is −1.75 PgC yr−1 (1992–2009), consistent within uncertainties with estimates from ocean-interior carbon data or atmospheric oxygen trends.
De la cooperativa agroalimentaria a la "learning netchain". Hacia un planteamiento teorico interorganizativo e interpersonal
Authors: García Pérez Ana María , Roman Cervantes Cándido , García Martínez Marian
Published: December 2015

Se propone un planteamiento teórico/conceptual para determinar si las relaciones interorganizativas e interpersonales de la netchain de las cooperativas agroalimentarias evolucionan hacia una learning netchain. Las propuestas del trabajo muestran que el mayor grado de asociacionismo y la mayor cooperación/colaboración vertical a lo largo de la cadena están positivamente relacionados con la posición horizontal de la empresa focal más cercana del consumidor final. Esto requiere una planificación y una resolución de problemas de manera conjunta, lo que está positivamente relacionado con el mayor flujo y diversidad de la información/conocimiento obtenido y diseminado a lo largo de la netchain. Al mismo tiempo se necesita desarrollar un contexto social en el que fluya la información/conocimiento y las nuevas ideas de manera informal y esto se logra con redes personales y, principalmente, profesionales y con redes internas y, principalmente, externas. Todo esto permitirá una mayor satisfacción de los socios de la cooperativa agroalimentaria y de sus distribuidores y una mayor intensidad en I+D, convirtiéndose la netchain de la cooperativa agroalimentaria, así, en una learning netchain.
Voice, Identity, and Mathematics: Narratives of Working Class Students
Authors: Hodge Lynn Liao , Harris Ramona Gartman
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we present an analysis of student interview data focusing on students’ ideas about mathematics and their experiences learning mathematics. We draw on the idea of personal identity (Cobb, Gresalfi, & Hodge, 2009) to capture the differences and similarities in students’ views of math and themselves as math learners, although all student participants would be considered members of the same broad, identifiable community. The purpose of our analysis is to contribute to ongoing educational research efforts that challenge processes of essentializing and to use the construct of identity in informing how we design learning experiences and resources for working class students as they learn mathematics.
A novel approach to the repair of urethrocutaneous fistulae arising after abdominoperineal anorectal resection
Authors: Yassein Alaya , Dason Shawn , Kelly Stephen , Davies Timothy
Published: December 2015

This case report describes a novel approach to the repair of perineal urethrocutaneous fistulae (UCF) after abdominoperineal resection (APR). A 62-year-old patient developed a UCF after an APR for rectal cancer complicated by perineal abscess formation. The patient presented with continuous urinary drainage from the fistula that persisted despite a number of conservative and surgical measures. The patient underwent successful repair of the urethrocutaneous fistula in prone position—an approach that has not previously been described in the literature. Repair was performed by the multidisciplinary team of a reconstructive urologist, colorectal surgeon, and plastic surgeon. Post-operative retrograde urethrogram demonstrated the absence of a persistent fistula tract and the patient has been continent for 18 months. The prone approach for UCF repair allows for excellent access to the fistula tract for posterior urethroplasty in a patient that has had prior APR.
Do retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumours exist?
Authors: Punjani Nahid , Winquist Eric , Power Nicholas
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Extragonadal germ cell tumours (GCTs) have been described arising in midline structures. Although primary retroperitoneal extragonadal GCTs (RPGCTs) comprise 30% to 40% of these, their existence as a genuine disease has been questioned. Our study evaluated clinicopathological findings to examine this question in RPGCT patients at our centre.

Methods: Data from 414 men between 1980 and 2014 treated at London Health Sciences Centre with chemotherapy for testicular GCTs were reviewed retrospectively. Primary RPGCT was defined as pathologically diagnosed GCT with no evidence of GCT in the testes by physical exam or ultrasound. Patients thought to have primary RPGCT at the time of initial diagnosis were identified from an electronic database and data were extracted.

Results: In total, 18 men with a diagnosis of metastatic RPGCT were identified. Four were excluded due to ultrasound reports that were incomplete or suggested malignancy. The remaining 14 patients had negative or non-specific ultrasounds, and all received platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Ten patients (71%) underwent post-chemotherapy RP lymph node dissections; of those 8 (57%) who underwent orchiectomy, none had corresponding pathologically normal testicular tissue.

Conclusion: RPGCT patients present with more advanced disease stage. Our study sample size is limited, but the findings are consistent with existing literature suggesting that primary RPGCTs may not exist as a unique disease, but instead may represent metastatic disease from a clinically occult testicular primary. By corollary, viable malignant germ cells may be present in testes of patients with presumed primary RPGCT, and may persist as a site of residual malignant disease after chemotherapy.
Transperineal approach to complex rectourinary fistulae
Authors: Tran Henry , Flannigan Ryan , Rapoport Daniel
Published: December 2015

Introduction: We sought to present our experience and outcomes in patients with complex rectourethral fistulae (RUF) treated using the transperineal approach with gracilis muscle flap interposition. Complex RUF was defined as having prior radiation, failed repair attempts, and large size (>2 cm).

Methods: A retrospective review identified 10 patients presenting with complex RUF between July 2009 and November 2013. Three were excluded due to large fistula defects managed with urinary diversion. Seven patients met inclusion criteria and underwent reconstruction.

Results: Six of 7 patients had prostate cancer, and one patient had colon cancer treated with low anterior resection with adjuvant radiation. The primary modality of prostate cancer therapy was brachytherapy (n=3), external beam radiotherapy (n=2) and radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) (n=1). Three patients had salvage cancer therapy, including RRP (n=1), cystoprostatectomy with ileal conduit (n=1), and cryotherapy (n=1). One patient developed RUF post-primary RRP without radiation. Mean fistula size was 2.8cm (2‒4 cm). No fistulas recurred at mean follow-up 11.4 months (6‒20 months). Three patients have had colostomy reversal, one is pending reversal and three have permanent colostomies. Five patients have stress urinary incontinence, with two managed with one to four pads per day, one managed with a condom catheter, and two waiting for artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). One patient developed a perineal wound infection and one developed a pulmonary embolus treated medically.

Conclusion: Complex RUF defects are effectively treated with transperineal repair using gracilis muscle interposition. The procedure has low morbidity and high success. Concomitant stress incontinence and bladder outlet contracture are prevalent in this population and may require ongoing management.
Malakoplakia of the prostate masquerading as locally advanced prostate cancer on mpMRI
Authors: Dale Robert Thomas , Metcalfe Michael , Chang Silvia , Jones Edward , Black Peter
Published: December 2015

A 66-year-old man was referred for urological evaluation for an abnormal digital rectal exam (cT2a, subtle nodule at left base, 121 cc prostate) and an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) of 8.0 ng/ml. Subsequent 12-core transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)- guided biopsy revealed Gleason 3+4 adenocarcinoma in seven of 12 cores, including all six cores on the right side and one core at the left apex. No extraprostatic extension was identified. Postbiopsy, the patient developed urinary retention requiring a catheter, as well as an Escherichia coli (E. coli) urinary tract infection (UTI) requiring hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics.
CUA Guideline: Management of ureteral calculi
Authors: Ordon Michael , Andonian Sero , Blew Brian , Schuler Trevor , Chew Ben , Pace Kenneth T.
Published: December 2015

The focus of this guideline is the management of ureteral stones. Specifically, the topics covered include: conservative management, medical expulsive therapy, active intervention with either shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) or ureteroscopy (URS), factors affecting SWL treatment success, optimizing success, and special considerations (e.g., pregnancy, urinary diversion). By performing extensive literature reviews for each topic evaluated, we have generated an evidence-based consensus on the management of ureteral stones. The objective of this guideline is to help standardize the treatment of ureteral stones to optimize treatment outcomes.
Optically isolated current source
Authors: Pettersen F. J. , Høgetveit J. O.
Published: December 2015

There is a need for isolated current sources for use in selected bioimpedance measurement circuits. The requirement for good isolation is particularly important in medical settings because of safety concerns. A new circuit for producing voltage-controlled current is presented. Measurements have been made on a prototype and simulations have been done on a SPICE model. The presented circuit is an H-bridge where the output devices are the output photodiodes of high-linearity optocouplers. Five operational amplifiers, four high linearity optocouplers, and passive components are used. Output current capability is ±35 μA with an output impedance that is more than 1 M Ω. It is possible to achieve bandwidths above 1 MHz for small load impedances. This circuit is well suited for medical applications thanks to the isolation in the optocouplers.
Rapid Enantiomeric Separation and Quantitation of Levetiracetam on α-Acid Glycoprotein (AGP) Chiral Stationary Phase by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Heydari Rouhollah , Shamsipur Mojtaba
Published: December 2015

A new, simple, and rapid chiral HPLC method was developed for enantioselective analysis of levetiracetam and its enantiomer [(R )-α-ethyl-2- oxo-pyrrolidine acetamide] in a pharmaceutical formulation and bulk material. Enantiomeric separation was achieved on a chiral-α1 -acid glycoprotein (AGP) column (150 × 4.0 mm, 5 μm) using an isocratic mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH = 7) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The UV detector was set at 210 nm. Calibration curves were linear in the range of 1–100 μg/mL and 0.4–20 μg/mL for levetiracetam and the (R)-enantiomer, respectively. LOD and LOQ for the (R)-enantiomer were 0.1 and 0.4 μg/mL, respectively. The run time of analysis was less than 5.0 min.