bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of full-body rhythmic synchronization in middle childhood
Authors: Phillips-Silver Jessica , Hartmann Martin , Fernández-García Laura , Maurno Nahuel Cruz Gioiosa , Toiviainen Petri , González María Teresa Daza
Published: July 2024

Rhythmic entrainment is a fundamental aspect of musical behavior, but the skills required to accurately synchronize movement to the beat seem to develop over many years. Motion capture studies of corporeal synchronization have shown immature abilities to lock in to the beat in children before age 5, and reliable synchronization ability in adults without musical training; yet there is a lack of data on full-body synchronization skills between early childhood and adulthood. To document typical rhythmic synchronization during middle childhood, we used a wireless motion capture device to measure period- and phase-locking of full body movement to rhythm and metronome stimuli in 6 to 11 year-old children in comparison with adult data. Results show a gradual improvement with age; however children’s performance did not reach adult levels by age 12, suggesting that these skills continue to develop during adolescence. Our results suggest that in the absence of specific music training, full-body rhythmic entrainment skills improve gradually during middle childhood, and provide metrics for examining the continued maturation of these skills during adolescence.
Detection of closely linked QTLs and candidate genes controlling germination indices in response to drought and salinity stresses in barley
Authors: Sabouri Hossein , Pezeshkian Zahra , Taliei Fakhtak , Akbari Mahjoubeh , Kazerani Borzo
Published: July 2024

The aim of current study was to identify closely linked QTLs and candidate genes related to germination indices under control, salinity and drought conditions in barley. A total of nine (a major), 28 (eight major) and 34 (five major) closely linked QTLs were mapped on the seven chromosomes in response to control, drought and salinity conditions using genome-wide composite interval mapping, respectively. The major QTLs can be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) projects to increase tolerance to drought and salinity stresses during the germination. Overall, 422 unique candidate genes were associated with most major QTLs. Moreover, gene ontology analysis showed that candidate genes mostly involved in biological process related to signal transduction and response to stimulus in the pathway of resistance to drought and salinity stresses. Also, the protein–protein interaction network was identified 10 genes. Furthermore, 10 genes were associated with receptor-like kinase family. In addition, 16 transcription factors were detected. Three transcription factors including B3, bHLH, and FAR1 had the most encoding genes. Totally, 60 microRNAs were traced to regulate the target genes. Finally, the key genes are a suitable and reliable source for future studies to improve resistance to abiotic stress during the germination of barley.
Deviated binding of anti-HBV nucleoside analog E-CFCP-TP to the reverse transcriptase active site attenuates the effect of drug-resistant mutations
Authors: Yasutake Yoshiaki , Hattori Shin-ichiro , Kumamoto Hiroki , Tamura Noriko , Maeda Kenji , Mitsuya Hiroaki
Published: July 2024

While certain human hepatitis B virus-targeting nucleoside analogs (NAs) serve as crucial anti-HBV drugs, HBV yet remains to be a major global health threat. E-CFCP is a 4′-modified and fluoromethylenated NA that exhibits potent antiviral activity against both wild-type and drug-resistant HBVs but less potent against human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Here, we show that HIV-1 with HBV-associated amino acid substitutions introduced into the RT’s dNTP-binding site (N-site) is highly susceptible to E-CFCP. We determined the X-ray structures of HBV-associated HIV-1 RT mutants complexed with DNA:E-CFCP-triphosphate (E-CFCP-TP). The structures revealed that exocyclic fluoromethylene pushes the Met184 sidechain backward, and the resultant enlarged hydrophobic pocket accommodates both the fluoromethylene and 4′-cyano moiety of E-CFCP. Structural comparison with the DNA:dGTP/entecavir-triphosphate complex also indicated that the cyclopentene moiety of the bound E-CFCP-TP is slightly skewed and deviated. This positioning partly corresponds to that of the bound dNTP observed in the HIV-1 RT mutant with drug-resistant mutations F160M/M184V, resulting in the attenuation of the structural effects of F160M/M184V substitutions. These results expand our knowledge of the interactions between NAs and the RT N-site and should help further design antiviral NAs against both HIV-1 and HBV.
Single-cell transcriptomics by clinical course of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease
Authors: Kim Su-Young , Zo Sungmin , Kim Dae Hun , Shin Sung Jae , Jhun Byung Woo
Published: July 2024

Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) has a heterogeneous clinical course. However, immune profiles associated with MAC-PD clinical course are limited. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 21 MAC-PD patients divided into three clinical courses: group A, spontaneous culture conversion; group B, stable disease without antibiotic treatment; and group C, progressive disease with antibiotic treatment. A lower proportion of NK cells and higher proportion of monocytes were noted in group C compared to combined groups A and B. The proportion of classical monocytes was higher in group C compared to groups A and B, while the proportion of non-classical monocytes decreased. EGR1, HSPA1A, HSPA1B, and CD83 were up-regulated in spontaneous culture conversion group A compared to progressive disease group C. Up-regulation of MYOM2 and LILRA4 and down-regulation of MT-ATP8, CD83, and CCL3L1 was found in progressive disease group C. PCBP1, FOS, RGCC, S100B, G0S2, AREG, and LYN were highly expressed in favorable treatment response compared to unfavorable response. Our findings may offer a comprehensive understanding of the host immune profiles that influence a particular MAC-PD clinical course and could suggest an immunological mechanism associated with the disease progression of MAC-PD.
Age, comorbidity burden and late presentation are significant predictors of hospitalization length and acute respiratory failure in patients with influenza
Authors: Miron Victor Daniel , Săndulescu Oana , Streinu-Cercel Anca , Florea Dragoș , Paraschiv Simona , Bănică Leontina , Vlaicu Ovidiu , Oțelea Dan , Bilașco Anuța , Pițigoi Daniela , Streinu-Cercel Adrian , Drăgănescu Anca Cristina
Published: July 2024

Influenza viruses are responsible for a high number of infections and hospitalizations every year. In this study, we aimed to identify clinical and host-specific factors that influence the duration of hospitalization and the progression to acute respiratory failure (ARF) in influenza. We performed an analysis of data from a prospective active influenza surveillance study that was conducted over five seasons (2018/19 to 2022/23). A total of 1402 patients with influenza were included in the analysis, the majority of which (64.5%) were children (under 18 years), and 9.1% were elderly. At least one chronic condition was present in 29.2% of patients, and 9.9% of patients developed ARF. The median hospital stay was 4 days (IQR: 3, 6 days). The most important predictors of prolonged hospital stay and development of ARF were extremes of age (infants and elderly), presence of chronic diseases, particularly the cumulus of at least 3 chronic diseases, and late presentation to hospital. Among the chronic diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease were strongly associated with a longer duration of hospitalization and occurrence of ARF. In this context, interventions aimed at chronic disease management, promoting influenza vaccination, and improving awareness and access to health services may contribute to reducing the impact of influenza not only in Romania but globally. In addition, continued monitoring of the circulation of influenza viruses is essential to limit their spread among vulnerable populations.
Association of systolic blood pressure variability with remote ischemic conditioning in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Cui Yu , Ning Yue-Xin , Cai Ji-Ru , Zhang Nan-Nan , Chen Hui-Sheng
Published: July 2024

Systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) is associated with outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has been demonstrated to be effective in stroke and may affect blood pressure. Relationship between SBPV and RIC treatment after stroke warrants investigation. A total of 1707 patients from per-protocol analysis set of RICAMIS study were included. The SBPV was calculated based on blood pressure measured at admission, Day 7, and Day 12. (I) To investigate the effect of SBPV on efficacy of RIC in stroke, patients were divided into High and Low categories in each SBPV parameter. Primary outcome was excellent functional outcome at 90 days. Compared with Control, efficacy of RIC in each category and interaction between categories were investigated. (II) To investigate the effect of RIC treatment on SBPV, SBPV parameters were compared between RIC and Control groups. Compared with Control, a higher likelihood of primary outcome in RIC was found in high category (max–min: adjusted risk difference [RD] = 7.2, 95% CI 1.2–13.1, P = 0.02; standard deviation: adjusted RD = 11.5, 95% CI 1.6–21.4, P = 0.02; coefficient of variation: adjusted RD = 11.2, 95% CI 1.4–21.0, P = 0.03). Significant interaction of RIC on outcomes were found between High and Low standard deviations (adjusted P < 0.05). No significant difference in SBPV parameters were found between treatment groups. This is the first report that Chinese patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke and presenting with higher SBPV, who were non-cardioemoblic stroke and not candidates for intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular therapy, would benefit more from RIC with respect to functional outcomes at 90 days, but 2-week RIC treatment has no effect on SBPV during hospital.
A novel semi-flexible coaxial nozzle based on fluid dynamics effects and its self-centering performance study
Authors: Li Yu , Li Shilei , Du Xiaobo , Qu Haijun , Wang Jianping , Bian Pingyan , Zhang Haiguang , Chen Shuisheng
Published: July 2024

Coaxial nozzles are widely used to produce fibers with core–shell structures. However, conventional coaxial nozzles cannot adjust the coaxiality of the inner and outer needles in real-time during the fiber production process, resulting in uneven fiber wall thickness and poor quality. Therefore, we proposed an innovative semi-flexible coaxial nozzle with a dynamic self-centering function. This new design addresses the challenge of ensuring the coaxiality of the inner and outer needles of the coaxial nozzle. First, based on the principles of fluid dynamics and fluid–structure interaction, a self-centering model for a coaxial nozzle is established. Second, the influence of external fluid velocity and inner needle elastic modulus on the centering time and coaxiality error is analyzed by finite element simulation. Finally, the self-centering performance of the coaxial nozzle is verified by observing the coaxial extrusion process online and measuring the wall thickness of the formed hollow fiber. The results showed that the coaxiality error increased with the increase of Young’s modulus E and decreased with the increase of flow velocity. The centering time required for the inner needle to achieve force balance decreases with the increase of Young's modulus ($$E$$
E
) and fluid velocity ($${v}_{f}$$

v
f

). The nozzle exhibits significant self-centering performance, dynamically reducing the initial coaxiality error from 380 to 60 μm within 26 s. Additionally, it can mitigate the coaxiality error caused by manufacturing and assembly precision, effectively controlling them within 8 μm. Our research provides valuable references and solutions for addressing issues such as uneven fiber wall thickness caused by coaxiality errors.
Exploring rose absolute and phenylethyl alcohol as novel quorum sensing inhibitors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum
Authors: Çevikbaş Halime , Ulusoy Seyhan , Kaya Kinaytürk Neslihan
Published: July 2024

Inter-cellular signaling, referred to as quorum sensing (QS), regulates the production of virulence factors in numerous gram-negative bacteria, such as the human pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum. QS inhibition may provide an opportunity for the treatment of bacterial infections. This represents the initial study to examine the antibiofilm and antivirulence capabilities of rose absolute and its primary component, phenylethyl alcohol. QS inhibition was assessed by examining extracellular exopolysaccharide synthesis, biofilm development, and swarming motility in P. aeruginosa PAO1, along with violacein production in C. violaceum ATCC 12472. Molecular docking analysis was conducted to explore the mechanism by which PEA inhibits QS. Our results indicate that rose absolute and PEA caused decrease in EPS production (60.5–33.5%), swarming motility (94.7–64.5%), and biofilm formation (98.53–55.5%) in the human pathogen P. aeruginosa PAO1. Violacein production decreased by 98.1% and 62.5% with an absolute (0.5 v/v %) and PEA (2 mM). Moreover, the molecular docking analysis revealed a promising competitive interaction between PEA and AHLs. Consequently, this study offers valuable insights into the potential of rose absolute and PEA as inhibitors of QS in P. aeruginosa and C. violaceum.
Complex patterns of multimorbidity associated with severe COVID-19 and long COVID
Authors: Pietzner Maik , Denaxas Spiros , Yasmeen Summaira , Ulmer Maria A. , Nakanishi Tomoko , Arnold Matthias , Kastenmüller Gabi , Hemingway Harry , Langenberg Claudia
Published: July 2024

Background

Early evidence that patients with (multiple) pre-existing diseases are at highest risk for severe COVID-19 has been instrumental in the pandemic to allocate critical care resources and later vaccination schemes. However, systematic studies exploring the breadth of medical diagnoses are scarce but may help to understand severe COVID-19 among patients at supposedly low risk.

Methods

We systematically harmonized >12 million primary care and hospitalisation health records from ~500,000 UK Biobank participants into 1448 collated disease terms to systematically identify diseases predisposing to severe COVID-19 (requiring hospitalisation or death) and its post-acute sequalae, Long COVID.

Results

Here we identify 679 diseases associated with an increased risk for severe COVID-19 (n = 672) and/or Long COVID (n = 72) that span almost all clinical specialties and are strongly enriched in clusters of cardio-respiratory and endocrine-renal diseases. For 57 diseases, we establish consistent evidence to predispose to severe COVID-19 based on survival and genetic susceptibility analyses. This includes a possible role of symptoms of malaise and fatigue as a so far largely overlooked risk factor for severe COVID-19. We finally observe partially opposing risk estimates at known risk loci for severe COVID-19 for etiologically related diseases, such as post-inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis or rheumatoid arthritis, possibly indicating a segregation of disease mechanisms.

Conclusions

Our results provide a unique reference that demonstrates how 1) complex co-occurrence of multiple – including non-fatal – conditions predispose to increased COVID-19 severity and 2) how incorporating the whole breadth of medical diagnosis can guide the interpretation of genetic risk loci.
Multimodal biosensing systems based on metal nanoparticles
Authors: Yan Liang , Zheng Peijia , Wang Zhicheng , Wang Wenjie , Chen Xiaoman , Liu Qi
Published: July 2024

The multi-module biosensing applications based on metal nanoparticles in terms of sensing principle, sensitivity, and accuracy are summarized and visualized.
A (RP)UHPLC/UV analytical method to quantify dsRNA during the mRNA vaccine manufacturing process
Authors: Rosa Sara Sousa , Zhang Shuran , Sari Yustika , Marques Marco P. C.
Published: July 2024

Development of an HPLC method to quantify dsRNA, a product related impurity, produced during mRNA vaccine manufacturing. This method allows to quantify dsRNA in single samples in under 30 min.
Selective measurement of Cl2 and HCl based on dopant-assisted negative photoionization ion mobility spectrometry combined with semiconductor cooling
Authors: Song Siyu , Wang Shaoxu , Huang Wei , Li Hang , Wang Weiguo , Li Jinghua , Chen Chuang , Bai Xueying , Yang Junyu , Chen Yi , Zhang Zhihao , Cang Huaiwen , Li Haiyang
Published: July 2024

This study achieves selective detection of Cl2 and HCl by combining DANP-IMS with semiconductor cooling device, overcoming the traditional challenges of IMS in distinguishing between these two gases.
Benchmarking classification abilities of novel optical photothermal IR spectroscopy at the single-cell level with bulk FTIR measurements
Authors: Richardson Paul I. C. , Horsburgh Malcolm J. , Goodacre Royston
Published: July 2024

Optical photothermal IR spectroscopy (O-PTIR) presents new opportunities for single-bacterium analysis. Here, we assess its ability to classify bacteria at various levels of similarity.
Self-sacrifice template construction of a conductive Cu3(HHTP)2 nanowhisker arrays@copper foam toward robust lithium storage
Authors: Sun Jinfeng , Liu Chanjuan , Zhang Qian , Zhang Anning , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou
Published: July 2024

Nanowhisker-like Cu3(HHTP)2 neat arrays grown on copper foam are rationally prepared via a self-sacrifice template avenue and exhibit high area capacity, good rate performance and cyclic stability as self-standing anodes for lithium storage.
Geometrically twisted intra–inter-molecular cooperative interactions for an enhanced photo-response in an ORMOSIL-based host–guest system
Authors: Chandra Moumita , Sahu Alpana , Kalita Nitul , Qureshi Mohammad
Published: July 2024

In situ encapsulation of the 2-(2′-hydroxylphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) fluorophore into organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) is recognized as a potential approach to increase the photocurrent conversion efficiency.
Strong light–matter interaction and non-linear effects in organic semiconducting CuPc nanotubes: realization of all-optical diode and switching applications
Authors: Dey Piyali , Chakraborty Nabamita , Samanta Madhupriya , Das Biswajit , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar
Published: July 2024

Spatial self-phase modulation of laser beams incident on a CuPc nanotube dispersion leads to the formation of diffraction rings giving an estimate of its 3rd order nonlinear optical properties. It has been applied in optical diode, OR gate & switch.
Catalytic N2O decomposition in an electric field at low temperatures
Authors: Shigemoto Ayaka , Higo Takuma , Ukai Chihiro , Inoda Yuki , Mitarai Kenta , Sekine Yasushi
Published: July 2024

A novel low-temperature catalytic process in an electric field can reduce N2O, which has a strong impact on global warming and environmental destruction, even in the presence of oxygen and steam.
Physics-driven discovery and bandgap engineering of hybrid perovskites
Authors: Sanchez Sheryl L. , Foadian Elham , Ziatdinov Maxim , Yang Jonghee , Kalinin Sergei V. , Liu Yongtao , Ahmadi Mahshid
Published: July 2024

Discovery of physical models of binary compositions using structured Gaussian Process (sGP) with physics-informed mean functions, optimizing materials post-discovery to enhance design and application efficiency.
The deconstruction of a polymeric solvation cage: a critical promotion strategy for PEO-based all-solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Li Ruiyang , Hua Haiming , Yang Xueying , Tian Jianling , Chen Qichen , Huang Rongwei , Li Xue , Zhang Peng , Zhao Jinbao
Published: July 2024

PEO could be regarded as a macromolecular version of G4, Li+-transport is hindered by its multi-scale polymer structure. A strategy loosening the chain entanglement and tight (EO)n–Li+ interaction is established to improve the Li+-transport of PEO.
Photo-aging of brominated epoxy microplastics in water under simulated solar irradiation
Authors: Hu Xuefeng , Xie Hao , Li Yujie , Wang Chao
Published: July 2024

Microplastics have become an increasingly concerning pollutant in aquatic environments, and photodegradation is their main degradation pathway in water.
Virgin coconut oil: wet production methods and food applications – a review
Authors: Prasanna N. Sai , Selvakumar Murugesan , Choudhary Nilesh , Raghavarao K. S. M. S.
Published: July 2024

Virgin coconut oil produced from fresh coconut without use of any heat, shear, or chemicals. It is unique functional oil with positive impact on health. VCO-based food formulations help in building sustainable food production and human diets.
Balancing computational chemistry's potential with its environmental impact
Authors: Schilter Oliver , Schwaller Philippe , Laino Teodoro
Published: July 2024

Digital chemistry methods accelerated discoveries of sustainable processes but require assessing and minimizing their carbon footprint caused by the required computing power.
Potential of external (in air) particle induced gamma-ray emission method for the preparation of isotopic composition of boron in-house reference standard in boron carbide matrix for quality control work
Authors: Raja Sk Wasim , Acharya R. , Sonawane Arati D. , Murthy T. S. R. C. , Majumdar S.
Published: July 2024

In-house reference standards for isotopic compositions of boron in natural and enriched boron carbide matrix were prepared using external PIGE methods.
Multioxide combinatorial libraries: fusing synthetic approaches and additive technologies for highly orthogonal electronic noses
Authors: Gohel Vishalkumar Rajeshbhai , Chetyrkina Margarita , Gaev Andrey , Simonenko Nikolay P. , Simonenko Tatiana L. , Gorobtsov Philipp Yu. , Fisenko Nikita A. , Dudorova Darya A. , Zaytsev Valeriy , Lantsberg Anna , Simonenko Elizaveta P. , Nasibulin Albert G. , Fedorov Fedor S.
Published: July 2024

Liquid phase synthesis methods coupled with advanced additive techniques, and combinatorial approaches create new possibilities in the design of gas analytical systems. Particular sensor combinations enhance the performance of analyte classification.
Mn-ferrite nanoparticles as promising magnetic tags for radiofrequency inductive detection and quantification in lateral flow assays
Authors: Pilati Vanessa , Salvador María , Fraile Leyre Bei , Marqués-Fernández José Luis , Gomes da Silva Franciscarlos , Fadel Mona , Antón Ricardo López , Morales María del Puerto , Martinez-García José Carlos , Rivas Montserrat
Published: July 2024

We investigated the inductive detection signal of Mn-ferrite nanoparticles and compared it to magnetite. Our results suggest that Mn-ferrites are promising nanolabels for detecting and quantifying analytes in magnetic lateral flow immunoassays.
Innovations of metallic contacts on semiconducting 2D transition metal dichalcogenides toward advanced 3D-structured field-effect transistors
Authors: Kim Byeongchan , Lee Seojoo , Park Jin-Hong
Published: July 2024

We discussed 2D semiconductors as alternative channel materials for advanced 3D transistors, such as GAAFETs and CFETs, and assessed various contact engineering techniques for their applicability toward advanced 3D-structured transistors.
Mechanical regulation to interfacial thermal transport in GaN/diamond heterostructures for thermal switch
Authors: Yu Xiaotong , Li Yifan , He Renjie , Wen Yanwei , Chen Rong , Xu Baoxing , Gao Yuan
Published: July 2024

The conceptual design of a mechanical thermal switch is enabled by the mechanically tunable thermal conduction at the junction of the GaN/diamond heterostructure.
A zinc–porphyrin–peptide conjugate via “click-chemistry”: synthesis and amyloid-β interaction
Authors: Tosto Rita , Zimbone Stefania , Di Natale Giuseppe , Giuffrida Maria Laura , Campagna Tiziana , Pappalardo Giuseppe , Sabatino Giuseppina
Published: July 2024

A Zn–porphyrin–peptide conjugate was obtained by click-reaction between an alkyne-porphyrin and the azido-peptide of KLVFF. The peptide showed an induced dichroic signal in the presence of Aβ42 and no toxicity on neuronal cells.
A short and elegant synthetic approach for 9-substituted tetrahydro coumestan derivatives and synthesis of some naturally occurring coumestan derivatives
Authors: Faraz Simra , Khan Abu Taleb
Published: July 2024

The biomimetic synthesis of substituted tetrahydro coumestan (3–8) derivatives is accomplished from 4-hydroxycoumarins (1a–f) and cyclohexanone derivatives (2a–n) using a 20 mol% FeCl3·6H2O catalyst in DMSO solvent upon heating at 110 °C.
Synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity evaluation of coumarin-3-carboxylic acids obtained via cascade reaction using chitosan as a recyclable catalyst
Authors: Abrantes Paloma G. , Costa Israel F. , Abrantes Poliana G. , Magalhães Renata R. , Teixeira Bráulio A. , Galvão José Lucas F. M. , Lima Edeltrudes O. , Teotonio Ercules E. S. , Vale Juliana A.
Published: July 2024

As a recyclable catalyst, Chitosan promotes the rapid synthesis of coumarin-3-carboxylic acids via Knoevenagel-intramolecular cascade reaction in good yields. The compounds showed potent antifungal and antimicrobial activities in vitro evaluations.
N-doped carbon layer cladded carbon sphere for broadband and boosted microwave attenuation capacity
Authors: Zheng Yuke , Dai Yunliang , Fu Yiwen , Zhang Xiaojuan
Published: July 2024

The C@NC/PVDF composites obtain excellent wave attenuation capacity by regulating the NC layer thickness and filler loading.
Catalytic asymmetric formal (2 + 3) cycloaddition involving methyl-substituted 2-indolylmethanols
Authors: Liu Si-Jia , Li Tian-Zhen , Wang Ning-Yi , Cheng Qi , Jiao Yinchun , Zhang Yu-Chen , Shi Feng
Published: July 2024

A catalytic asymmetric formal (2 + 3) cycloaddition of methyl-substituted 2-indolylmethanols was established, which delivered various chiral pyrroloindoles in overall high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities and good enantioselectivities.
Photolysis of tolfenamic acid in aqueous and organic solvents: a kinetic study
Authors: Kazi Sadia Hafeez , Sheraz Muhammad Ali , Anwar Zubair , Musharraf Syed Ghulam , Ahmed Sofia , Bano Raheela , Mirza Tania , Heo Kyuyoung , Na Jun-Hee
Published: July 2024

The photolysis of tolfenamic acid (TA) in aqueous and organic solvents formed 17 photoproducts, of which 9 were reported for the first time.
First-principles study of the effect of oxygen vacancy and iridium doping on formaldehyde adsorption on the La2O3(001) surface
Authors: Xu Youhui , Cao Xiaoying , Chen Xiuwu , Kong Fanting , Liang Hongbo , Gao Hengjiao , Cao Hongxia , Li Jieyu
Published: July 2024

Formaldehyde adsorption on intrinsic La2O3 surface, four-fold coordinated oxygen vacancy (VO4c), six-fold coordinated oxygen vacancy (VO6c), and iridium-doped La2O3(001) surface was studied by the first-principles method.
Exploration of the VEGFR-2 inhibition activity of phthalazine derivatives: design, synthesis, cytotoxicity, ADMET, molecular docking and dynamic simulation
Authors: Bayoumi Hatem Hussein , Ibrahim Mohamed-Kamal , Dahab Mohammed A. , Khedr Fathalla , El-Adl Khaled
Published: July 2024

Novel phthalazine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated against Hep G2 and MCF-7 as VEGFR-2 inhibitors.
THF peroxide as a factor in generating desulphurised products from the solid-phase synthesis of phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides
Authors: Ren Qin , Osawa Takashi , Tatsuno Michiaki , Obika Satoshi
Published: July 2024

The oxidation of phosphite triester by peroxides contained in THF as a solvent is reflected as a PO-substituted product during the synthesis of phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides.
Recent trends and future perspectives of thermoelectric materials and their applications
Authors: Baskaran Pavithra , Rajasekar Mani
Published: July 2024

This review explores the ever-evolving landscape of thermoelectric materials, focusing on the latest trends and innovations in ceramics, thermally conductive gel-like materials, metals, nanoparticles, polymers, and silicon.
The forgotten borole: synthesis, properties and reactivity of a 1-boraindene
Authors: Wieprecht Nele , Krummenacher Ivo , Wüst Leonie , Michel Maximilian , Fuchs Sonja , Nees Samuel , Härterich Marcel , Braunschweig Holger
Published: July 2024

We report the synthesis of 1,2,3-triphenyl-1-boraindene, the second known example of a singly benzene-fused borole, and highlight its distinct properties and reactivity compared to non-fused and doubly benzene-fused borole derivatives.
Functional high-entropy alloys: promising catalysts for high-performance water splitting
Authors: Zhang Weibo , Yuan Wei , Zhang Xiaoqing , Ke Yuzhi , Wu Yaopeng , Bai Yafeng , Jiang Simin , Tang Yong
Published: July 2024

State-of-the-art HEAs with outstanding water splitting performance is rationally designed, which provides a blueprint for the design of a next-generation platform for hydrogen regeneration.
Unravelling the key role of ion-exchange membranes in water management and ion crossover for zero-gap CO2 electrolyzers
Authors: Hintjens Lieven , Van Daele Sam , Schalck Jonathan , Vranckaert Michiel , Neukermans Sander , Choukroun Daniel , Breugelmans Tom
Published: July 2024

Cation exchange membranes play a major role in water management and, consequently, in salt management within zero-gap CO2 electrolyzers. Optimizing membrane properties is, therefore, the most efficient strategy for mitigating salt crystallization.
Nanomaterials revolutionize biosensing: 0D–3D designs for ultrasensitive detection of microorganisms and viruses
Authors: Tan Haokun , Wang ZhiChao , Fu Rao , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Su Zhiqiang
Published: July 2024

Introducing nanomaterials into biosensors improves the performance of biosensors for faster and more accurate detection of microorganisms and viruses.
“Cage-confinement” controlled dimensionality conversion of Bi2O2Se crystals towards high-performance phototransistors
Authors: Zhang Kaiyi , Wang Fang , Zheng Lei , Wei Junqing , Hu Yongxu , Xie Yangyang , Guo Hongling , Zhang Fengpu , Lin Xin , Li Zewen , Ren Tianling , Song Zhitang , Zhang Kailiang
Published: July 2024

We realized dimensionality-tunable growth of Bi2O2Se crystals via a novel “cage-confinement” strategy, which the nanowire/nanosheet-based phototransistors exhibited high R ∼ 300 000 and 74 000 A W−1, D* ∼ 3.9 × 1012 J and 4.0 × 1011 Jones, respectively.
Enhancement of photoluminescence quantum yield in lead-free inorganic copper based halide perovskites via zinc doping
Authors: Peng Yuchen , Guo Jing , Guo Jingrui , Wu Jianghua , Zhang Na , Zhao Guoying , Hou Jingshan , Zhang Ganghua , Liu Yufeng , Fang Yongzheng
Published: July 2024

Zn doped Cs3Cu2Cl5 exhibited green luminesce with an enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) (70.19%), nearly twice the PLQY of Cs3Cu2Cl5. The corresponding WLED exhibits high CRI (95.8) and suitable CCT (4573 K).
Mechanical and sensing properties of three-dimensional, high-strength superflexible CMC/SA/MXene/CNT aerogels
Authors: Cai Yanzhi , Yu Zixuan , Cheng Laifei , Yuan Yibing , Ren Shaoxiong , Chai Yalong , Chen Mingxing , Huang Xue , Li Yanjun
Published: July 2024

The CSMC aerogel, with a 3D isotropic porous structure supported by 2D faces in X, Y and Z dimensions, shows 148.78 kPa compressive strength at 80% strain. As a sensor, it has high sensitivity (GF = 7.6, S = 894.8 kPa−1) and durability (10 000 cycles).
All-inorganic perovskite film photodetectors with tailored deposition techniques and component engineering
Authors: Luo Manman , Wei Changting , Wu Ye , Lei Wei , Zhang Xiaobing , Zeng Haibo
Published: July 2024

We present an insightful review of photodetector devices utilizing all-inorganic perovskite films, covering material composition, preparation methodologies, and device advancements, thereby facilitating researchers in visually capturing the features.
A circular switched parasitic array with directors for LoRa applications at 868 MHz
Authors: Reinhold Lukas , Wasle Casper , Kölpin Alexander
Published: July 2024

The integration of directive elements into a circular switched parasitic array at 868 MHz is presented. The typical usage of reflective parasitic monopoles is supplemented with additional, shorter monopole elements which are positioned closer to the central active monopole to induce directive behaviour. This allows for more degrees of freedom with the steering of the antennas beam and to increase the gain of the antenna. This leads to a greater flexibility of the system and enables power reduction of the amplifiers for enhanced battery life time. The design and configuration of a circular switched parasitic array with directive elements is shown and a prototype is built for validation.
Transient and steady‐state performance improvement of two interconnected areas through VSC‐based HVDC transmission line using multi‐purpose control strategies
Authors: Faraji Hossien , Khorsandi Amir , Hosseinian Seyed Hossein
Published: July 2024

This paper presents various control strategies to improve operations in two interconnected areas connected by a VSC‐HVDC transmission line. The main focus is on designing a central control system (CCS) that coordinates control units in both areas. In area 1, an AC voltage control unit is connected to the CCS. In area 2, three control units including a load power control unit, a fault detection unit, and an AC voltage control unit are also connected to the CCS. The CCS receives inputs from these units and generates commands for the DC voltage and active/reactive power control units on both sides of the DC line. The first proposed strategy addresses permanent voltage drops caused by load fluctuations in area 2. It adjusts the transmitted power from area 1 based on voltage variations in area 2. The second strategy focuses on mitigating faults in area 2 by injecting active and reactive power from area 1 during such events. The third strategy resolves transient voltage oscillations in both areas by controlling the reactive power of stations on either side of the DC line. Simulations using MATLAB‐SIMULINK demonstrate that these mechanisms successfully achieve their objectives.
CFDI: Coordinated false data injection attack in active distribution network
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Chenyang , Yu Nanpeng , Wang Jiazhou , Tian Jue , Huang Hao , Zhou Yadong , Liu Ting
Published: July 2024

The active distribution network (ADN) can obtain measurement data, estimate system states, and control distributed energy resources (DERs) and flexible loads to ensure voltage stability. However, the ADN is more vulnerable to cyber attacks due to the recent wave of digitization and automation efforts. In this article, false data injection (FDI) attacks are focused on and they are classified into two types, that is, type I attacks on measurement data and type II attacks on control commands. After studying the impact of these two FDI attacks on the ADN, a new threat is revealed called coordinated FDI attack, which can maximize the voltage deviation by coordinating type I and type II FDI attacks. From the attacker's perspective, the scheme of CFDI is proposed and an algorithm is developed to find the optimal attack strategy. The feasibility of CFDI attacks has been validated on a smart distribution testbed. Moreover, simulation results on an ADN benchmark have demonstrated that CFDI attacks could cause remarkable voltage deviation that may deteriorate the stability of the distribution network. Moreover, the impact of CFDI attacks is higher than pure type I or type II attacks. To mitigate the threat, some countermeasures against CFDI attacks are also proposed.
Biomass N/P co‐doped porous carbon plates for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction
Authors: Ma Hongwei , Guo Daying , Wu Lianhui , Chen Xi'an
Published: July 2024

Nitrogen and phosphorus co‐doped porous carbon plate (NPCP) was prepared by simple pyrolysis carbonization and alkali activation of biomass duckweed NPCP displays the largest specific surface area (SSA) of 2023 m2 g−1, and is rich in pyridine N and P doping, which makes the metal‐free carbon have excellent electrocatalytic oxygen reduction performance. The best NPCP2 shows a half‐wave potential of 0.19 V vs. Ag/AgCl in alkaline electrolyte, and its activity is equivalent to that of commercial platinum carbon (Pt/C). In addition, it shows excellent methanol toxicity resistance and continuous catalytic stability. The experimental results show that the heteroatom doping method obtained by biomass hydroponics has great advantages and great application value in the catalytic field of porous carbon materials.
High power, broadband, coaxial to microstrip bi‐directional coupler in the VHF/UHF band
Authors: Naeimi Tohid , Ahmadi Arash
Published: July 2024

Broadband couplers consist usually of multiple coupled lines that are each a quarter wave‐length long. Herein, in contrast to conventional methods, a short length of a microstrip line is coupled to a coaxial line. The length of the coupled microstrip line is small compared to the wavelength at the lowest operating frequency. The coupling is weak and the microstrip line is λ/8 at the highest operating frequency. The proposed structure resembles a pair of coupled lines with a linear coupling response. The coupling exhibits a slope of 6 dB/octave over multi‐octave bandwidth. The microstrip line is connected to a lumped element compensating network at the coupled port. The compensating network is a low‐pass circuit with a slope of −6 dB/octave. The power handling of the coupler is high due to the coaxial line and the weakly coupled microstrip line. Electromagnetic simulations and analytical formulations are presented. The broadband coupler handles nearly 1 kW of input power. Due to the weak coupling of the microstrip‐coaxial coupler, the lumped element circuit needs to handle <1.5 W. A high‐power coupler has been fabricated for the frequency range of 30 to 500 MHz. It exhibits a coupling response of 56 ± 0.4 dB.
Invadosomes
Authors: Gamblin Cécile , Chavrier Philippe
Published: July 2024

Le terme « invadosome » désigne une famille de structures cellulaires, comprenant les podosomes et les invadopodes, qui constituent des zones de contact entre la membrane plasmique des cellules et la matrice extracellulaire. Ces structures contribuent au remodelage de la matrice grâce à un enrichissement local en enzymes protéolytiques qui dégradent ses constituants fibrillaires. Les invadosomes, présents dans des types cellulaires variés, contribuent à des processus physiologiques, tels que la vascularisation, ou pathologiques, comme l’invasion des tissus par les cellules métastatiques.
Versorgung und Prävention bei Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
– Ansätze der Community Medicine
Authors: van den Berg Neeltje , Tomczyk Samuel , Kölch Michael , Schmidt Silke , Heckmann Matthias , Wabitsch Martin
Published: July 2024

Community Medicine (CM) verfolgt einen community- und bevölkerungsbezogenen sowie
lebensumspannenden Ansatz für die Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Der
Schwerpunkt liegt auf den Zugangspunkten zu Prävention und Behandlung (d. h.
Zugang und Reichweite), auf der Beschreibung von Veränderungsmechanismen und
CM-Ergebnissen über psychosoziale Prozesse (z. B. in Bezug auf soziale Teilhabe
und Lebensqualität) sowie auf der Ermittlung und Entwicklung von Versorgungs-
und Präventionsnetzwerken, Strukturen und Kontexten für eine erfolgreiche
Entwicklung und Umsetzung von Interventionen und den Transfer von Innovationen
im Gesundheitswesen (d. h. Aufbau von Kapazitäten). Aufbauend auf bestehenden
Telemedizinnetzwerken (z. B. RTP-Net), Kohorten und Fachwissen über Hindernisse
und fördernde Faktoren bei der Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen werden zentrale
Forschungsfragen in Bezug auf Zugang und Reichweite bei chronischen Erkrankungen
untersucht, wobei Adipositas ein Beispiel für eine somatische Erkrankung mit
ausgeprägten psychosozialen Aspekten ist. Um den Zugang zu und die
Erreichbarkeit von Versorgung und Prävention für Kinder und Jugendliche mit
Adipositas zu verbessern, ist ein umfassendes Wissen über individuelle und
institutionelle Faktoren erforderlich, um Barrieren zu identifizieren und
wirksame Interventionen zu entwickeln. Die dafür erforderlichen Studien sollen
innerhalb des Deutschen Zentrums für Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit (DZKJ)
durchgeführt werden.
Adipositasberatungsstelle für Kinder und Jugendliche JumpaKids –
erste positive Erfahrungen
Authors: Leipold Georg , Brenninger Dorothea , Hentschel Raphael
Published: July 2024

Angesichts der weitgehend desolaten Versorgungsstruktur für Kinder und
Jugendliche mit Adipositas, nur 1% wird leitliniengerecht behandelt, wurde 2019
als Modellprojekt eine kommunale Adipositasberatungsstelle in Regensburg mit
multiprofessionellem Team eingerichtet. Innerhalb von knapp 3 Jahren, verschärft
durch die Coronasituation, haben über 230 Klienten und ihre Familien Beratungen
und Angebote für Ernährung, Sport und psychosoziale Beratung angenommen. Nach
mindestens 3 Monaten ließ sich eine BMI-SDS-Reduktion von 0,25 erzielen.
Angesichts des niederschwelligen Zugangs, der häufigen Kontaktaufnahme und des
großen Erfolges sollte eine Aufnahme von Beratungsstellen als feste Säule in ein
strukturiertes Versorgungskonzept für Kinder und Jugendliche mit Adipositas
erwogen werden.
Verbesserungsbedarf in der Versorgung von Patienten/-innen mit Clostridioides-difficile-lnfektionen (CDI) – Experten/-innenmeinung im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Schreiber Stefan , von Müller Lutz , Epple Hans-Jörg , Manthey Carolin , Oh Jun , Weinke Thomas , Wahler Steffen , Stallmach Andreas
Published: July 2024

Einführung Die Clostridioides-difficile-Infektion (CDI) ist mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert. Auch wenn ihre Inzidenz in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland rückläufig ist, kann die individuelle Infektion trotz therapeutischen Fortschritts eine medizinische Herausforderung darstellen. Hier soll geklärt werden, welche Lücken verantwortliche Behandler/-innen in der Versorgung und in der Evidenzlage als besonders gravierend ansehen.

Methoden In einem moderierten Workshop von in Deutschland tätigen CDI-Experten/-innen, wurden als relevant eingeschätzte Fragestellungen ermittelt. Eine bereits in fünf anderen Ländern (Australien, Frankreich, Großbritannien, Kanada und Italien) durchgeführte Befragung wurde ergänzend angepasst und von 27 Behandlern/-innen bearbeitet. Bei der Auswertung wurden die als besonders wichtig empfundenen Themen herausgearbeitet, die Aussagen der Fachgruppen verglichen und Meinungsänderungen berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse 27 vollständig ausgefüllte Fragebögen wurden ausgewertet. Verbesserungsbedarf wurde vorrangig bei der Verhinderung von CDI-Rezidiven (74,1%), sowie Therapie der Rezidive (55,6%) gesehen. Evidenzdefizite wurden bei der Behandlung von Rezidiven (55,6%) und der Identifikation der Risikofaktoren für Rezidive konstatiert (48,1%). Die Verbesserung der Versorgung mittels fäkalem Mikrobiota-Transfer (FMT) nannten 70,4%. Bei Leitlinien wurde mehr Klarheit (48,1%) und regelmäßigere Aktualisierung (40,7%) gewünscht. Für Patienten/-innen wurden bessere Aufklärung der über angemessenen Antibiotikaeinsatz (52,0%) und Wahlmöglichkeiten der FMT angestrebt (48,1%).

Zusammenfassung Bei der Frage nach Verbesserungsbedarf in der Versorgung und Evidenzlücken bei der Behandlung von Patienten/-innen mit CDI ist die nationale Experten/-innensicht in Deutschland, wie auch die internationale Einschätzung ähnlich: Im Zentrum steht die Prävention und Therapie der rezidivierenden CDI. Die Problematik des Zugangs zum FMT ist eine deutsche Besonderheit, die verbesserungspflichtig erscheint.
Venous Thromboembolism: Current Insights and Future Directions
Authors: Mahani Sahar , DiCaro Michael V. , Tak Nadia , Hartnett Sigurd , Cyrus Tillman , Tak Tahir
Published: July 2024

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cause of death worldwide even though incidence rates differ globally. Western nations report 1 to 2 cases per 1,000 person-years, while Eastern countries exhibit lower rates (<1 per 1,000 person-years). This comprehensive review delves into diverse VTE risk factors including gender, diabetes, obesity, smoking, genetic mutations, hormonal influences, travel, infections, trauma, and cancer. Notably, VTE incidence is highest in certain cancers (such as pancreatic, liver, and non-small-cell lung cancers) and lowest in others (such as breast, melanoma, and prostate cancers). The extensive review provides essential information about prevalent factors and explores potential molecular mechanism contributing to VTE.
Intermediate scattering function for polymer molecules: An approach based on relaxation mode analysis
Authors: Karasawa Naoyuki , Mitsutake Ayori , Takano Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

The theory of polymer dynamics describes the intermediate scattering function for a polymer molecule in terms of relaxation modes defined by normal coordinates for the corresponding coarse-grained model. However, due to the difficulty of defining the normal coordinates for arbitrary polymer molecules, it is generally challenging to express the intermediate scattering function for a polymer molecule in terms of relaxation modes. To overcome this challenge, we propose a general method to calculate the intermediate scattering function for a polymer molecule on the basis of a relaxation mode analysis approach [Takano and Miyashita, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 64, 3688 (1995)]. In the proposed method, relaxation modes defined by eigenfunctions in a Markov process are evaluated on the basis of the simulation results for a polymer molecule and used to calculate the intermediate scattering function for that molecule. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the present method, we simulate the dynamics of a linear polymer molecule in a dilute solution and apply it to the calculation of the intermediate scattering function for the polymer molecule. The evaluation results regarding the relaxation modes reasonably describe the intermediate scattering function on the length scale of the radius of gyration of the polymer molecule. Accordingly, we examine the contributions of the pure relaxation and oscillatory relaxation processes to the entire intermediate scattering function.
Transferable machine learning model for the aerodynamic prediction of swept wings
Authors: Yang Yunjia , Li Runze , Zhang Yufei , Lu Lu , Chen Haixin
Published: July 2024

With their development, machine learning models can be used instead of computational fluid dynamics simulations to predict flow fields in aerodynamic optimization. However, it is difficult to construct a prediction model for swept wings with various planform geometries because too many samples are required to cover the parameter space. In the present paper, a new model framework is proposed to predict wing surface pressure and friction distributions with fewer samples. The distributed geometry parameters along spanwise are used as model inputs instead of the global planform parameters, and processors are designed to help the model better learn the local effect of geometric variation. The model is trained and tested on simple swept wings with single segment and linear twist distribution, where it outperforms the global input model by 57.6% in terms of lift coefficient prediction errors on small dataset sizes. The distributed input also enables the model to be transferred from single wings to more engineering-practical yet complex kink wings. After fine-tuning with a few samples, model accuracy for kink wings can be similar to that of simple wings, which proves the model for wings with complex planform geometries can be efficiently built with the proposed method.