bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aphid Control on Burley Tobacco, 1991
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Reed Martha B. , Komm Dean A.
Published: March 2022

Ten treatments were evaluated for control of the tobacco aphid on burley tobacco at the Southwest Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Glade Spring, VA. Tobacco was transplanted on 23 May in plots 2 rows (8 ft) wide and 30 ft long. The soil type was an Emory silt loam. A randomized complete block was utilized and treatments were replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by single, untreated, border rows and blocks were separated by vacant 5-ft alleys. Except for insect control, production practices conformed to recommendations of the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service. On 24 May, after transplanting, transplant water (TPW) treatments wee applied to individual plants in designated plots at 8 fl oz/plant (340 gal/acre). Foliar treatments were applied on 18 Jul with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 25 gal/acre through 3, TX-10 hollow cone nozzles/ row at 60 psi. During application, the weather conditions were cloudy and calm and the temperature ranged from 75 to 80°F. It rained 0.14, 0.72, 0.20, 0.10, and 0.44 inches at 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 d, respectively, after the foliar treatments were applied. Aphid infestations on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot (5 plants/row) were rated on a scale of 0 to 7, where 0 = 0 aphids, 1 = 1-10 aphids, 2 = 11-50 aphids, 3 = 51-100 aphids, 4 = 101-500 aphids, 5 = 500-1,000 aphids, 6 = 1,001-5,000 aphids and 7 = more than 5,000 aphids. Counts were made on 10 Jul, immediately before application of foliar treatments on 18 Jul, and on 22, 25 Jul, 1, and 8 Aug. On 18 Jul the growth of tobacco in each plot was rated on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 = all plants dead and 10 = large uniform plants. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Significantly different means were separated using DMRT.
Insecticide × Fungicide; Interaction When Prophylactically Applied to Wheat, 1089-90
Authors: Noetzel Davi. , Jones Roge. , Holder Bobb. , Warnes Denni.
Published: March 2022

Growers in Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) clubs were found to be prophylactically treating by adding an insecticide to a fungicide apphcation when protecting wheat. To examine its value, plots were established in a bulk wheat field at the Northwest Experiment Station, Crookston, MN, and at the West Central Experiment Station, Morris, MN, 1.8 m pathways were removed around a 7.6 m × 15.3 m plot just prior to treating. Treatments were arranged in a Latin Square design. Pesticides were applied on 22 Jun, with the wheat at early boot (Feekes = 8) stage. Approximately 15.2 liter/h of total material was applied at 7 kg/cm2 pressure using a hydraulic plot Ser. Yields were obtained by combining a strip (1.5 m × 15.3 m) through the long axis of each plot. The grain was then dried, and moisture, protein, and test wts taken. Yields were adjusted to a standard moisture.
Evaluation of Insecticidal Control of Gray Fly and Sawfly in Wheat, 1990
Authors: Buschman L. L. , El Houssaini K.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted in dryland wheat at Sidi El Aydi, Morocco, during the 1989-90 growing season. The Hessian fly resistant spring wheat variety 'Saada' was used in this test to evaluate Phorbia sp. and SF without the confounding effects of Hessian fly. The wheat was planted in a vertic calcixeroll soil (66% clay, 25% silt, 9% sand, and 1.87% organic matter). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. The plots were 1.5 m wide (six rows) × 9 m long and separated with 0.5 m of bare ground. Granular insecticides were applied in-furrow with the seed at planting (15 Dec 1989) to control the first generation Phorbia sp. Foliar insecticide applications were made on 8 Feb to control second generation Phorbia sp. and on 21 Mar to control SF. Foliar applications were applied with a hand operated backpack sprayer delivering 833 liters/ha. Plants in 0.5 m from each of the center 4 rows of each plot were collected on 15 Mar and examined in the laboratory for Phorbia sp. After harvest in Jun, plants from 0.5 m of each of the center 2 rows of each plot were collected and examined in the laboratory for SF-cut stems. Minimum air temperatures for Dec through Apr averaged 3.4 to 8.0°C and maximum air temperatures averaged 17.0 to 23.6°C. A total of 113.8 mm of rain fell prior to planting, but after planting there were only 4 rainfall events during the period greater than 10 mm, on 27 Dec, 4 Jan, 29 Jan, and 9 Mar, for a total accumulation in the period of 200 mm.
Comparing Bacillus Thumngiensis Products for Control of Natural Populations of Lepidoptera on Cabbage, 1991
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage was transplanted on 1 Jul at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Rows were on 36-inch centers with 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 12 times in a completely randomized design with one plant serving as a replicate. Treated plants were buffered by one row on either side and by 3 ft within a row. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips and delivering 38 gal/ acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Inoculations were made on 16 Jul. Treatments were applied on 25 Jul and evaluated 31 Jul. Evaluations were made by selecting three plants per plot, removing all leaves, and counting the number of live larvae.
Comparing New American Cyanamid Products and Standard Insecticides for Control of Lepidoptera on Cabbage, 1992
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage was transplanted on 16 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10 ft rows on 36 inch centers with 18 inch plant spacing. To insure an adequate population of insects, three plants per replication were inoculated with 200 DBM eggs from our Geneva ‘88 lab colony, the same three plants were inoculated with 75 CL eggs from our Geneva’ 91 colony and ICW populations were natural. Larvae were allowed to reach early third instar before treatments were applied. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips, and delivering 38 gal/acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Inoculations were made on 31 Aug. Treatments were applied on 9 Sep and evaluated 16 Sep. Evaluations were made by selecting the three inoculated plants per replication, removing all leaves, and counting the number of live larvae. A two-way ANOVA was used for analysis of Lepidoptera using replicate totals.
Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly in Cantaloupe with Various Pesticides, 1992
Authors: Palumbo J. C. , Mullis C. H. , Reyes F. J.
Published: March 2022

Cantaloupes ‘Topmark’ were direct seeded on 20 Feb into single row “yuma beds” on 203 cm centers and thinned to 30 cm intervals at the University of Arizona, Yuma Valley Agricultural Center. Plots consisted of 4 beds, 18 m long with a 3.6 m buffer between plots. Plot preparation and seasonal maintenance followed local practices. Two applications of the fungicide Myclobutanil were made on 14 May and 20 May to suppress powdery mildew. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Applications were made with a 4-row high-pressure, electrostatic boom sprayer equipped with stainless steel, hollow-cone nozzles (TX-18) spaced at 50 cm and delivered 563 liter/ha at 320 psi. Applications were initiated when immature whitefly densities reached measurable levels. A total of 5 applications were made on 23, 29 Apr, and 8, 13, and 20 May. The pH of the application water was 7.1. Addition of the Aliette to the water caused the pH of the mixture to decrease to 3.5 pH. A spreader/sticker was not used. Insect data were collected only from the inner two beds of each plot. Plots were sampled on 22, 24 and 30 Apr, and 9, 14, and 21 May. Adult SPWF were assessed by randomly selecting 20 leaves from the terminal area on primary vines (4th fully expanded leaf from the apex of the vine) in each plot. The underside of each leaf were carefully turned upward and the number of live adults on the surface was recorded. Counts were made at sunrise between 0500-0600 hrs. Data were analyzed for treatment differences using ANOVA and Ryan’s Q test. Bartlett’s test estimated a heterogeneity of variance and treatment means were log transformed prior to analysis of variance.
Control of European Corn Borer on Two Varieties of Peppers, 1992
Authors: Jasinski J. , Grafius E. , Kolarik P. , Scriber B.
Published: March 2022

Insecticide trials on bell and sweet peppers were conducted at Michigan State University Horticulture Teaching and Research Farm in 1992. Pepper seedlings were obtained from a local grower and transplanted into 6.1 m rows on 6 Jun, with 91.4 cm between row spacing and 35.6 cm between plant spacing. Five treatments were applied to both pepper varieties in a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments were applied to foliage using a hand held CO2 sprayer at 35 psi with a single nozzle at 40 gal/acre. Low corn borer activity led us to artificially infest our plots. European corn borer egg masses were obtained from the Corn Insect Lab at Ankeny, Iowa. Five randomly selected plants per replicate received ECB egg masses. The egg masses were pinned to the underside of the leaf through the mid rib, near a developing fruit. One egg mass per plant was attached 17 Aug and two egg masses per plant were attached 3 Sep. All treatments were applied on 18, 24, and 31 of Aug, and 6 Sep. Orthene 75 SP and MVP were sprayed on alternate weeks, beginning with Orthene 75 SP. Pepper fruits were destructively harvested on 18 Sep. Only peppers from the artificially infested plants were sampled, with no more than five fruit picked per pepper plant. Each fruit was cut open and inspected for ECB larvae. Fisher’s Protected LSD test at β = 0.01 was performed on the percent of pepper fruit contaminated with ECB larvae.
Control of Armyworm on Bell Pepper, 1991
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Cawley B. M.
Published: March 2022

Peppers were transplanted on 10 Sep 25 cm apart in 2 rows 12.5 cm to either side of the centerline in plastic-mulched, raised beds on sand soil with seep irrigation. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with each treatment plot consisting of 6 m of double-row bed. One week prior to treatment, a single neonate BAW was placed on the center 12 plants in each plot. Treatments were applied with a drop nozzle sprayer using a diaphragm pump driven by a dedicated engine and pulled with an all terracum vehicle. Albuz yellow tip ceramic nozzles delivering 0.45 gpm at the operation pressure of 100 psi were used on a single-row boom. Sprayer configuration was adjusted for adequate coverage, beginning on 10 Oct with 2 over-the-row and 2 side nozzles for the first through fourth application, and adding 2 additional side nozzles with a single overhead for the remaining 3 applications. Delivery rates were 30 gal/acre for the first application, 50 gal/acre for the second through the fourth, and 63 gal/acre for the rest. The surfactant APSA-80 (@0.03%) was added to all 16 treatments and the water control. The NPV formulation, SX-61991, was applied by backpack sprayer because of windy conditions on the second and third application dates, to reduce the risk of cross-plot contamination. Five randomly selected plants from each plot were examined for armyworms 2 days post-treatment. The top 5 leaves of 2 or more growing tips of each of the same plants were evaluated for worm damage. Twenty plants near the center of each plot were randomly selected on 20 Nov and 11 Dec for harvest and evaluation. Pressure was intense during most of the trial with SAW the predominant species. The most significant differences were between chemical and biological treatments. Differences between Bt treatments were less evident, although dose responses were generally consistent for all products.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1991
Authors: Sirota J. M. , Grafius E. , Boylan-Pett W. , Ferrari B. , Kolarik P. , Pyle A. , Scriber B. , Simstad S. , Stehr M.
Published: March 2022

Eight insecticides were tested at the MSU Montcalm Research Farm in Entrican, MI. Potatoes were planted 10 inches apart with a 17 inch row spacing on 25 and 26 April. Plots were 45 feet long by three rows wide, arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Two rows of plants or six feet of bare ground separated adjacent plots. Tenax was applied in 8-10 inch bands in the furrow on 26 April. Foliar treatments were applied with either a hand-held CO2 sprayer or a tractor-mounted boom sprayer, both applying insecticide at 30 gal/acre and 60 psi. Spraying was done on 4, 12, 18, and 25 Jun. Two whole plants in each plot were sampled for all stages of CPB on 7, 14, 21, and 28 Jun. A visual assessment of defoliation was done on 21 and 28 Jun. Potatoes were harvested from the middle row of each plot on 31 Jul, separated by size and weighed.
Threshold Control of Armyworm on No-Till Field Corn, 1992
Authors: Laub C. A. , Youngman R. R.
Published: March 2022

An experiment was conducted in 1992 in Pulaski County, VA, to determine the effectiveness of Asana XL and 2 formulations of Lorsban (4 E and 4 E-HF) against amryworm in field corn. Plots were established in a 7 acre field. The recent cropping history for this field included field corn planted in 1990 and 1991 followed by a cover crop of barley each year. Corn rows were spaced at 30 inches. The field was being scouted every 5 to 6 d for armyworm. On 16 Jun armyworm levels in the field approached the established economic threshold. Armyworms were early 5th instar and corn was at the 6 to 8 leaf stage. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each plot was 4 rows wide by 50 ft. Treatments were applied on 18 Jun. Just before and 7 d after treatments were applied, armyworms were counted on 25 corn plants in the middle 2 rows of each plot. A backpack sprayer, fitted with stainless steel 8002VS spray tips, was used to broadcast the insecticides approximately 18 inches above the corn canopy. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver a rate of 20 gal/acre at 40 psi. Approximately 0.1 to 0.2 inches of rain fell on the plots shortly after the Lorsban treatments were applied. Data analysis were done using SAS.
Cotton Aphid Control, 1991
Authors: Elzen G. W.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were tested for relative efficacy against cotton aphid in nonirrigated cotton planted 13 May (Trial 1) and 23 May (Trial 2) at Stoneville, MS. Plots of 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft, separated by 15-ft alleys, were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. All treatments were applied by a high-clearance spray machine equipped with a compressed-air spray system. Total spray volume was 6 gal/acre at 5 mph and 35 psi using 2, TX 10 nozzles/row. Plots within a replicate were sprayed consecutively with the boom rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. Pretreatment surveys indicated heavy aphid infestations. Treatments were applied on 9 Jul (Trial 1) and 20 Aug (Trial 2). Efficacy was determined by counting aphids per square inch on leaves in the top, middle and bottom ⅓ portions of 40 randomly chosen plants at 3 and 7 DAT. (Trial 1) or, similarly, only on the under surface of the 4th leaf from the terminal at 3 and 6 DAT (Trial 2).
Apple, Airblast Evaluation Of Insecticides, 1992
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Biddinger David J.
Published: March 2022

Experimental sprays were applied to two tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of‘Yorking,’ and 2 replicates of‘Golden Delicious’ and 1 replicate of‘Stayman’ with a buffer row between blocks. These trees were planted to a spacing of 20 x 30 ft and were 17 years old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster ‘309’ calibrated to deliver 100 gal/acre at 2.0 mph. Application dates and materials varied between treatments and are listed in the tables. All applications were complete sprays. A routine schedule of fungicides (Dithane M 45, Nova 40 WP, captan 50 WP, and Topsin M 85 DF) was maintained throughout the experiment a 1-2 wk intervals. Effectiveness on the aphid complex was evaluated by counting aphid-infested leaves/10 top terminals, and aphids/most infested leaf. Effect of sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting nymphs/25 injured leaves/tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM and ZM was evaluated by counting those mites several times during the season on samples of 25 random leaves/tree, 125 leaves/treatment. Effect of sprays on S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees.
Control of Red and Black Flat Mite on Texas Citrus, 1992
Authors: French J. Victor , Hernandez Elias
Published: March 2022

Chemicals with both acaricidal and insecticidal activity were compared to NR440 spray oil for efficacy against RFM. Treatments were randomly assigned to single tree plots and replicated 8 times in a 4-yr-old commercial grapefruit orchard on 14 X 24 ft spacing. Each treatment was bounded on all sides by an unsprayed tree to minimize spray cross-contamination. Treatment sprays were applied on 5 Aug with a Hypro 5200 portable high pressure handgun sprayer operating at 20 psi. At each count date 12 fruit per replicate was randomly selected at arms length inside the tree canopy and examined in situ with 10 X handlens. All live RFM were counted in two, 1-cm2 lens field on the stem end of each fruit. The two counts per fruit were averaged and recorded as one observation.
Larch Casebearer Control on Western Larch, 1976
Authors: Hard John S. , Meso Stanley , Haskett Michael J.
Published: March 2022

The test was done on epidemic larch casebearer populations in young western larch stands near LaGrande, Oregon. Orthene was applied to needle mining larvae on Sept 9, 12, and 13 by a helicoptermounted conventional boom and nozzle system with 43 tee-Jet nozzles and no. 8002 flat fan spray tips. A mixture of 90% water and 10% ethylene glycol served as carrier. The formulation was sprayed at the rate of 1 gal/acre at 60 mph and 40 psi. Three plots were sprayed and 1 was left untreated in each of 3 blocks, but sequence of plot treatment within each block was randomly assigned. Plots were 50 acres in size and ranged from 4000 to 4800 ft elevation. C. laricella larvae were counted on 1 upper crown sample, 2 midcrown samples, and 1 lower crown sample collected from 15 trees in each of the 12 plots the day before spraying and 6 weeks after spraying. Data were transformed to number of larvae/100 fascicles of western larch needles.
Control of Grasshoppers on Rangeland with Ulv Dimethoate, 1976
Authors: Onsager Jerome A. , Mazuranich Philip C.
Published: March 2022

An experimental ULV formulation containing 30.5% dimethoate (2.67 lb a . i . / gal) was supplied by Thompson-Hayward Chemical Company. Undiluted material was applied at 6 and 12 fluid oz (2 and 4 oz Al)/acre to 2 sq 40-acre plots per dosage near Townsend, Montana on Jul 20'76 with a Cessna Ag-wagon” aircraft using 4 or 8 Tee-jet® flat-fan. no. 8003 nozzles and 36 psi pressure. Flight speed was 120 mph, and flight height and swath spacrng both were 100 ft . Results were assessed by counting grasshoppers in sixty 0.1-m2 subsamples (delineated by wire rings)/plot on July 14, 22, 26, and 29. The species listed above comprised 35, 23, 20, and 7% of the pretreatment infestation, respectively; 5 additional species were present in smaller numbers. The infestation was 86% adults and 14% numphs (4th and 5th instar).
Contact Toxicity of Seven Insecticides To Rose Chafer Adults, 1976
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Niemczyk Harry D.
Published: March 2022

Adults of the rose chafer were collected from grape blossom buds in a sandy area near North Kingsville, Ohio, just prior to bloom. These insects were brought to O.A.R.D.C. to test their susceptibility to a broad range of insecticides. They were held 24 hr at the holding conditions indicated below, prior to being treated. Methoxychlor had given poor results in the area of collection. Stock solutions (1%) of all materials tested were prepared from technical grade materials using a mixture of acetone and olive o i l , 19:1 (vol/vol), as the solvent. Two replicates of 10 beetles each, selected at random, were anesthetized with ether and placed on filter paper in 9-cm glass petri dishes. Each replicate was sprayed with 5 ml of the insecticides at one of the concentrations in a Potter spray tower. Checks consisted of 2 sets of 10 beetles each sprayed with the solvent. Treated beetles were removed from petri dishes and placed in paper cups with a moist wick of 5% honey-water and covered with a glass petri dish and held at 24° t 1,5°C and 6 0% RH. Treatments were made on June 17 and mortality readings were made 24 hours later.
Potato Insect Control, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 1976
Authors: Robinson Dwight P. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

'Norgold Pontiac' potatoes were planted May 15, 1976 at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Research Farm in single row plots, 33 ft long with 4 replications. The soil type was Bearden silfy-clay with approximately 5% O. M. Polyram fungicidal sprays were applied every 2 weeks throughout the season. Systemic insecticides were applied as in-furrow, split-band treatments at planting. Foliar insecticidal sprays were made July 20, August 5, and August 19, except SD 43775 sprays were not applied August 19. Applications were made at approximately 40 psi using a 3 gal, pressure-type sprayer with a single cone nozzle, 3 passes/row, and 132 gal water/acre. Potato leafhopper nymphs and potato aphid apterae from 35 leaves/plot were counted the day following spray application.
Sugarbeet Root Maggdt Control, St. Thomas, North Dakota, 1971
Authors: Frye R. D. , Lundquist J. E. , Anderson A. W.
Published: March 2022

Insecticide treatments were replicated 4 times in randomized - complete block rests at each of 3 locations. The soil in the plots ranged from a silty loam to a silty clay loam. All had a pH of approximately 7 and 5-8% organic matter. Beets were planted May 7, Hand 19. Pre-fly emergence treatments were applied May 11, 14 and 21, and post-fly emergence treatments were applied June 7, 14 and 15. Peak fly emergence occurred June 12. Plots consisted of six 100 ft rows spaced 22 inches apart. The insecticides were applied in 7 inch bands over each of the 4 center rows in the plots. Liquid materials were applied in 18 gals of water/acre with 8002E nozzles at 40 psi. Applications were made at 3 mph. The insecticides were lightly Incor- porated into the soil with drag chains (1 3/4 in. links) during application. Weather conditions during the investigations were generally good J for beet growth and insecticide application. Significant rain fell after treatments were applied. Data consisted of yields from 30 ft from row j 3 (from the left) in each plot at harvest. All observations were transformed byX and analysed by analysis of variance and Duncan's new multiple range test. Although there was variation in maggot numbers from plot to plot and within plots, it was assumed that the infestations J were of sufficient numbers to provide satisfactory data. The ave from 384 beets from untreated rows was 9.21 maggots/beet.
Wireworm Control on Sweet Potatoes, Lenoir County, 1978
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L.
Published: March 2022

'Jewel' sweet potatoes were transplanted on Jun 8, near Kinston, NC. Shell DD at 15 gal/acre was used for nematode control. 1500 lbs of 10-10-20 fertilizer were applied at planting and 200 lbs of Nitrate of soda 16% were applied at layby. Plots consisted of three 50-ft rows arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied on either Jul 24 or Aug 1. Granular insecticides were applied in a 2—ft band with a hand shaker jar. Watering cans were used to “water in#x201D; certain treatments at a rate equivalent to 100 gallons/acre. Potatoes were harvested on Oct 3. Wireworm damage was evaluated by scoring 25 roots selected at random from the middle row of each plot. Damage classes were: 0 = no damage, 1 = 1 hole, 2 = 2-4 holes, 3 = 5 or more holes/sweet potato. The total number of roots in each damage class/plot was then multiplied by a damage factor. Flea beetle damage was negligible.
Apple, Summer Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to apple trees at MonmounS, Maine, as dilute sprays with a handgun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 100 psi. In Test 1, 14-yr-old trees were sprayed at a rate of 600 gal/A; in Test 2, 18-yr-old trees were treated at 300 gal/A; and in Test 3, the rate was 200 gal/A for 23-yr-old trees. Spray dates were Jul 6 and 13 (Test 1), and Jul 20 and 27 (Tests 2 and 3); each material was applied on both dates for the respective tests. The fungicide and insecticide program (rates are per 100 gal) during rhe course of these acaricide tests consisted of captan 80W (1 to 1.25 lb) on 3 dates and imidan 50W (1 lb) on ca. Jul 18, 30 and Aug 15. There were no tank-mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatmert. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 2 Golden Delicious and 2 Red Delicious cultivars per treatment in Test 1, 4 Golden Delicious per treatment in Test 2, and 4 Red Delicious per treatment in Test 3. From each tree 25 leaves were collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, and the mites brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Mite population pressure was heavy in Aug except in Test 3. On the prespray date, egg populations ranged from 40 to 50 eggs/leaf (Test 1) to 15 to 30 eggs/leaf (Tests 2 and 3). Jul and Aug were dry and hot months except for heavy rains on Jul 16, 17, and 26.
Control of Blue Alfalfa Aphid, 1978
Authors: Arnett W. Harold
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at the Main Station Field Laboratory at Reno on an 8 year old stand of alfalfa var. Ranger. Each treatment was applied to a 4 acre block of alfalfa on May 5 with a tractor mounted John Bean field sprayer(pto) with a 24 ft boom and calibrated to deliver 25 gpa at 25 psi. At time of treatment the field was unifbrmally infested and begining to show severe symptoms. On each sampling date aphids were sampled by both sweep net and stem counts. Each treated block was subdivided into four sections and sampled on each date by taking 10 random 180 degree sweeps with a standard net and 20 stem terminals.
Variegated Cutworm Control in First Cut Stubble Alfalfa, Missouri, 1979
Authors: Huggans J. L. , Reber D.
Published: March 2022

Heavy concentrations of 4th to 6th instar variegated cutworm larvae occurred this season throughout the state at first cutting. The larvae collected beneath windrows and their feeding prevented regrowth and in some instances killed the alfalfa. This test was applied behind the baler. That is, materials were applied as the hay was removed. Spray materials were applied to plots 40 × 200 ft in 20 gpa finished spray at 40 psi with an IH cub tractor rigged with a 20 ft spray boom, FS 6 spray nozzles, 50 mesh filter screens, and a power take-off roller pump on June 6'79. Sevin 5% bait was applied by hand at the rate of 20 lb per acre. Evaluations were made at 24 hr post-treatment by taking counts of live remaining larvae per 0.1 square meter on the windrow lines. The plots were sub-divided into 4 quadrants and 2 - 0.1 meter subsamples counted per quadrant. Overnight rain accumulation was .89 inch. The means presented are of original counts. For statistical analysis the data were transformed by X-1.
Postemergence Billbug Control in Field Corn, 1979
Authors: Hunt T. N.
Published: March 2022

Seed planted by farmer on April 3 in Delway, Sampson County, North Carolina. Four granular insecticides were tested to determine their potential for controlling the southern corn billbug as a postemergence application in a sandy loam soil. Counter 15G, Counter Coated 15G, Lorsban 15G and Temik 15G were applied at 2 pounds ai/acre with a gravity flow granular applicator in a 7-inch band over the plants on April 20, 3 days after attack was initiated. Cultivation was simulated with a 3 hoursepower garden Rototiller at application. Test design was a randomized block with 6 row plots 50 ft × 36 inch rows × 5 ft alleys and 4 replicates. All plots were rated for damaged plants, plant population and yield. Plant populations at treatment averaged 1 plant per 1.1 row ft in both infested and noninfested areas of the field. The poor stand was later attributed to poor planter adjustment. On May 15 another stand count was made and plants rated for injury on a scale of 0-3: 0 - no visual evidence of injury; 1 - superficial feeding; 2 - damage to terminal leaves moderate to heavy; 3- terminal shoot dead and/or plant suckering. Counter 15G (both formulations) and Lorsban 15G plots contained more undamaged and less severely damaged plants plus a greater stand count than Temik 15G or check plots. Yields taken by hand September 19 were generally low, but this can be attributed to the poor initial stand. All data was derived from 100 ft of row per plot. Significant differences existed at the .05 level with respect to damage rating and yield.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Control with Counter Andmocap, 1979
Authors: Peters Leroy L.
Published: March 2022

Granular formulations of Counter 15G and Mocap 10G, and liquid Mocap were compared in Clay County, Nebraska. Granular insecticides were applied in a 7 in (17.5 cm) band over the row. Liquid insecticides were applied broadcast within 2 hr after planting. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each plot was 4 rows wide and 38.5 ft × 30 in centers. The 2 center rows were used for data collection. The experiment was planted on May 15, stand counts made on July 11, roots dug for evaluation on July 23, and plots harvested on October 17. The experiment was irrigated. Data was subjected to analysis of variance and means separated by Duncan's Multiple Range Test where appropriate.
Field Corn, Western Corn Rootworm Control, 1979
Authors: Sandvol Larry
Published: March 2022

Six soil insecticides were evaluated in Franklin County, Idaho. Plots were arranged in randomized complete block design. Corn was planted June 5, in 32 inch rows. All materials were applied at 1 lb ai/acre in a 6 inch band over row. Each treatment was replicated 4 times utilizing plots 3 rows wide × 100 ft. Corn was gravity-irrigated as required and harvested for silage. Insecticide treatments were evaluated, July 25, for root damage by digging 10 equally spaced plants from the center row of each treatment. Roots were evaluated for rootworm feeding damage using a 1-6 damage scale (1 = no discernible damage; 6 = three or more nodes of roots destroyed).
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1979
Authors: Witkowski J. F.
Published: March 2022

Foliar treatments of registered and non-registered insecticides for first brood corn borer con-trol were applied to dryland corn plots in Dixon County, Nebraska in June, 1979. Insecticides were applied on July 9 with a specially modified Hahn Hi-boy. Emulsifiable liquid Insecticides were applied in 35 gal of water/acre at 2 mph at 17 psi. Each single row plot was 100 feet long. Plant variety was B73 × M017. Experimental design was randomized complete block with 4 replications. In early August, 15 corn plants from each treatment replicate were split In half from the tassel to the ground, examined, and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Chemical Control of Heliothis Species on Cotton
Authors: Gard I. E.
Published: March 2022

In 1978, Pennwalt Corporation contracted with four private contract research organizations to evaluate 4 primary cotton insecticides in combination with PENNCAP-M Insecticide for control of Heliothis spp. These project locations were in 5 states and applications were made on a full season basis. Plot size varied from location to location, as indicated in the table. Applications in Mississippi, Arkansas and Georgia were made on a 5-day schedule. Alabama applications were made on a weekly basis and South Carolina and North Carolina were applied on an as-needed basis. The number of applications ranged between six and eight per location. Insect damage evaluations were made at seven to 10 day intervals. Damage counts were made by examining 25 to 100 squares selected at random in each plot. Yield data were taken by either hand-picking or machinepicking, depending on location. The yield in the North Carolina test was based on harvestable boll counts.
Efficacy of Chemicals for Control Of Cotton Leafworm, 1979
Authors: Pitts Daniel L. , Pieters Edward P.
Published: March 2022

Stoneville 213 cotton was planted May 17 at the Plant Science Farm of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS. Plots 8 rows by 28 m were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. On September 6 the middle 4 rows were treated with a ground sprayer calibrated to deliver 47 litre,4ia spray mixture at 2.81 kg/cm and 2, 3x tips per row. Population estimates were made by taking 1 m drop cloth samples at 3 random sites along the center 2 rows of each plot. Pretreatment counts averaged 12.6/m.
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Sprays on Rice for Brown Planthopper Resurgence, 1978
Authors: Chelliah S. , Heinrichs E. A.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were foliar sprayed 3 times at 0.04% concentration (except for cypermethrin and decamethrin sprayed at 0.002% concentration) on potted rice plants at 20, 30 and 40 days of plant age at the IRRI Laboratory in Manila. Plants were placed in an insectary where the temperature (27 t 1�C), relative humidity (60-80%) and photoperiod (12 h) were controlled. Fifteen days after the third spray, when the insecticides no longer caused mortality, 2 gravid brown planthoppers (BPH) were released/potted plant and confined for 7 days. Four replicates were maintained/treatment. After 7 days, the hoppers were removed and the nymphs hatching from the plants counted. Reproductive rate of the BPH was assessed through the number of nymphs hatched. Resurgence was related to reproductive rate of the BPH.
Mexican Bean Beetle Control on Soybeans
Authors: Hammond Ronald B.
Published: March 2022

Twenty-four plots were located 2 miles south of Williamsburg, OH. Plots measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30-in centers) and were bordered by 2 rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 3 blocks each with 8 treat-ments. Treatments were applied on Aug 11’79, with a 4-row C02-charged bicycle sprayer (liquid output 58.9 ml/sec at 30 psi, calculated to 33.9 gal/acre rate). Spray nozzles were TeeJet TX 10 Brass Tips. Weather conditions at time of application were: mostly clear, slight to no breeze, ca. 80�F. Soybean plants were at growth stage R5. Plants were sampled with a 15-in sweep net (20 sweeps/plot) on Aug 22’79 (pretreatment), Aug 24’79 (2-days posttreatment), Aug 28’ 79 (6-days post treatment), and Sept 5’79 (15-day post treatment). Samples were examined in the laboratory for Mexican bean beetle (MBB) adults and larvae. Soybeans were examined visually on all sampling dates for signs of phytotoxicity. Rainfall measured 13.34 in (Aug. 3.33 In, Sept. 9.53 in, and Oct. 0.48 in). Soybeans were hand harvested on Oct 2,79.
Dwarf Burford Holly, Florida Wax Scale Control, 1979
Authors: Hudson William G . , Williams Michael L.
Published: March 2022

Thirty-six 1 ft tall, container-grown dwarf burford holly plants heavily infested with Florida wax scale were selected for treatment. Test plants were growing in 1 gal plastic pots. Treatments were replicated three times, each plant con-stituting a replication. Test materials were applied June 18'79. Chevron spray sticker was added to all treatments at the rate of 2.4 ml/gal of spray mixture. The foliage of all plants was sprayed to runoff using compressed air sprayers. Plants were allowed to dry and then returned to a plastic greenhouse. Results of the treatments were determined on Jul 3'79 by examining 100 individuals per plant. Mortality counts were made with the use of a stereomicroscope by examining each scale insect and counting it as living, if normally colored and fullbodied, or dead if discolored and shriveled or dried.
Green Peach Aphid Control on Hybrid Roses, Pennsylvania, 1979
Authors: Shetlar David J. , Heller Paul R.
Published: March 2022

Mixed varieties of hybrid tea roses, .5 to 1.0 m tall were used for insecticide evaluation. These roses had been established for two years in a sandy loam soil mulched with coco bean husk. Pretreatment aphid populations were assessed (June 3) by counting the number of aphids on two terminal leaflets per plant. Treatments (4 plants per block) were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each block was separated by 2 m of turf and each plant was shielded during spraying. Each plant was sprayed with a compression sprayer until run off on June 3. Aphid counts were made on June 10 and 17. The average day temperature was 32 to 34C. Rain occurred twice, June 6 (4mm) and June 12 (11mm).
Control of Elm Leaf Beetles on Siberian Elm, 1979
Authors: Price Richard , Pinkston Ken , Young Jerry
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted on a windbreak planting of Siberian elms, approximately 20 feet in height, located 2 miles south of Stillwater, Oklahoma. Trees were treated on May 31'79 when the temperature was 84°F and the wind velocity was 0-5 mph. Larvae were 1/8 to 3/8 inch in length. All treatments except UC 21865 were made with a John Bean 55 sprayer and Spraying Systems Gun. Jet No. 43, which delivered 3.2 gal/min at 300 psi. Trees were treated until runoff. UC 21865 was applied as a soil drench around the drip line at 10 gal per tree at two different dosage rates. Treatments were randomized and replicated 4 times. Larval counts were made by examining 18 inches of terminal branch at six locations per tree.
Sycamore, Sycamore Lace Bug Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

The foliage of large sycamore trees on the Purdue University campus, West Lafayette, Indiana were treated with two insecticides on July 10'79. Individual branches were used as a plot. The treatments were randomized and replicated four times. Appli-cations were made with a one gallon B&G stainless steel sprayer operating at 30 psi. Trees were sprayed to the point of drip. Counts of the numbers of lace bug adults were made at the time of treatment and at T+4 days. The temperature at the time of treatment was 82°F. with a RH of 52%. There was a slight breeze from the west at 2-4 mph.
Grasshopper Control on Pasture, Virginia, 1979
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Wilson Mark
Published: March 2022

Unimproved fescue pastures near Blackstone, VA were selected to evaluate insecticides for grasshopper control. Test 1 consisted of experimental plots 80 ft long and 45 ft wide established in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Plots and blocks were separated by 5 ft untreated strips. The grass in Test 1 averaged about 6 inches in height at the time of insecticide application. In Test 2 experimental plots, 50 ft wide and 110 ft long, were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 5 times. Blocks were separated by 20 ft alleys. The vegetation in Test 2 averaged 1 ft in height at the time of application. Insecticide applications were made to Test 1 on August 13 and to Test 2 on Aug-ust 14. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with 8004 nozzles was used to deliver 32 gal of finished spray/acre at 30 psi. The grasshopper species com-position before treatment was 80% 3rd and 4th instar Melanoplusdifferentials and 20% other species in Test 1; and 46% M. femurrubrum, 24% M. differentiolis and 30% other species in Test 2. Grasshopper samples were taken before treatment and at 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment using a 15-inch sweep net to make 100-180� sweeps in each plot.
Control of the American Aspen Beetle, 1977
Authors: Mason Mark L. , Lawson Fred A.
Published: March 2022

Spot spray application with a back-pack sprayer of two insecticides on individual groups of 3rd instar larvae and foliage were tested to determine effectiveness In reducing larval populations and phytotoxicity to both host plant and understory vegetation. The test site was on the Medicine Bow National Forest, ca. 25 km SE of Laramie, WY at an elev of 2498 m. Each dosage was replicated 10 times. Larvae treated with carbaryl died attached to the leaves with their heads and abdominal apices turned upwards. Larvae killed with malathion dropped off the leaves.
Mo Use-Cuterebra Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1979
Authors: Drummond R. O.
Published: March 2022

White mice are infested ocularly with 5 newly hatched larvae of Cuterebra fontinella Clark. Two days later, female mice are weighed and treated orally (mg/kg basis) with candidate insecticides formulated in Tween 20; male mice have a plastic collar placed around their necks to prevent grooming and their bodies are dipped into 100-200 ml of an emulsion of the candidate insecticide usually formulated as an EC in xylene (65 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and Al (25 parts). Highest dosages are 100 mgAg and 1%. Four days later, mice are killed and bodies examined carefully for encapsulated larvae (usually found in inguinal region). Effectiveness is determined by comparing numbers of larvae in treated mice with numbers in untreated mice. Probit analysis is conducted with corrected percent kill data. Details of the test have been presented by Gingrich, R.E., et al., 1972, J. Econ. Entomol. 65(3):742-5, and Drummond, R. O., and R. E. Gingrich, 1972, J. Econ. Entomol. 65(4):1211-2. Recent results were presented by Drummond, R.O., 1979, Insect. Acaric. Tests 4:216-7.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Cabbage Using Foliar Sprays, 1978
Authors: Wellik M. J. , Slosser J. E.
Published: March 2022

'Superette Y. R.' variety cabbage was field-seeded on Jul 24 at the Texas A & M University Vegetable Res. Sta., Goree, TX. Plots consisted of 2 rows, 30 - ft long, on 40-in centers. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. A poor stand necessitated transplanting plants to a density of 1 plant/row ft from adjacent plots on Sep 11. Insect counts were made on 10 randomly selected plants/plot on 12 dates. Small and large larvae of each species and cabbage looper eggs were recorded. Insecticide treatments were made when larval infestations approached or exceeded the threshold of 0.30 larvae/plant. All sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted CO2 sprayer equipped with 2 cone nozzles/row (12X). This system delivered 36.4 gpa of finished formulation at 40 psi. Ten applications of Spreader-Sticker 268 (also called Repel and marketed by Leffingwell Chemical Co., Brea, CA) were applied to all plots to repel rabbits. The repel I ant was tank-mixed with insecticides when possible. Orthene plots (0.75 ai/acre) received applications on Sep 20, Oct 3, 30, and Nov 9. Ambush plots (0.05 lb ai/acre) received applications on Sep 20, Oct 3, and Nov 9. Ambush plots (0.1 lb ai/acre) received applications on Sep 20, Oct 16, and Nov 3 . Pirimor, at 0.125 lb a i/acre, was applied to all plots on Oct 16 to eliminate a possible aphid infestation. Two yield samples (0.001 acre each) were taken from each plot, one from each row, on Dec 19. An analysis of variance was conducted for overall mean insect counts and yield data. Analysis of variance was also conducted using a splitplot AOV to incorporate time of sampling. Duncan's multiple range test was used to determine differences in means at the 0.05 probability level.
Irish Potato, Foliar Sprays for Seasonal Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1979
Authors: Bowman James S. , Porcellini S. W.
Published: March 2022

This study was located on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, NH. 'Katahdin' Irish potato seed pieces were planted in rows 36-inches apart on May 15. Each plot consisted of two 46-ft rows with each treatment replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. The plots were separated by two buffer rows that had been treated with Temik 15E at 3 lb ai/acre in the seed furrow at planting time. Sprays were applied on Jun 21, Jul 2, 12, 22, Aug 1, 11 and 23, with a B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer at a rate of 36 gal/acre (40 psi) using a 5-ft hand held boom. Three evaluations were made by counting the live larvae and adults/plot that were visible from above without disturbing the foliage. Foliage damage ratings were made on Aug 14 and 31, using the following categories: 0 = no visible signs of leaf feeding injury; 1 = only occasional leaves with partial feeding injury; 2 = moderate injury to 25% of foliage; 3 = heavy feeding to 50% of foliage; 4 = severe injury approaching 100% foliage loss.
Potato Pest Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1979
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Johnston Richard L.
Published: March 2022

'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted May 25, at Rosemount, MN. Treatments were applied to 4-row plots, 45-ft long, with 40-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from Jul 17. The systemic insecticides were applied at planting as an in-furrow band below the seed piece. Potato leafhopper nymphs, green peach aphid apterae and potato aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot.
European Corn Borer, Fall Armyworm and Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1982
Authors: Ferro D. N. , Butkewich Susan , Every Leanne
Published: March 2022

Corn was planted on Jun 10 in Sunderland, MA using a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Rows were 3 ft apart, 25 ft long, and plants were spaced 9 inches apart in the row with 4 rows per plot. Standard fertilization procedures were employed including a Jun 24 sidedressing with ammonium nitrate at 150 lb/acre. Atrazine at 1.0 lb ai/acre and alachlor at 1.5 lb ai/acre was applied on Jun 16. Insecticides were applied using a tractor-drawn sprayer with drop nozzles, at 60 psi and 180 gal water/acre. Treatments were applied on Aug 4, 8, 14, 21, 28 and Sep 3, except for MK-936 + oil (Sunspray 6E) which was applied on Aug 4, 14 and 28. On Sep 19, 25 ears and 25 stalks were examined from the center 2 rows for each plot, and rated either damaged or undamaged. Only ears with damage to kernels constituted ear damage, while feeding damage to the silk and shank was recorded as plant damage.
Peach, Insecticide Tests, 1982
Authors: Pfeiffer Douglas G. , Ponton Leo F. , Eldridge M. Darrell
Published: March 2022

Materials were applied to Madison peach trees at Steeles Tavern. Four single-tree replicates were included in each treatment in a completely randomized design. Spray dates were Apr 8 (pink), 23 (petalfall), May 17, Jun 1, 14, 30 Jul 15 and 26. One Carzol treatment skipped the pink spray. Applications were made with a truck-mounted Swanson sprayer with handgun attachment. The test was originally directed against catfacing insects but no fruit data could be collected because the buds were eliminated by cold in Apr. Mites were sampled on Sep 14 using a leaf-brushing machine and 20-leaf samples.