bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supervised Neural Networks for the Automatic Classification of Leukocytes in Blood Microscope Images
Authors: Lin Sheng Fuu , Tseng Chien Hao , Huang Chung I
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the application of the supervised learning system to automatic classification of leukocytes processing for the microscopic images analysis is presented. The traditional pattern classification in cellular images is typically made by experienced operators. Such procedures may present a non-standard and unstable accuracy when it depends on the operator’s capabilities and tiredness. In this study, we propose the supervised learning system to achieve an automated segmentation and classification of leukocytes based on supervised neural networks and image processing methods. The experimental results show that the proposed automatic classification learning system can effectively classify the five types of the leukocytes in microscopic cell images, as well as to compare the classification results to those obtained by the medical experts.
Photo-Electronic Properties of Titanium Dioxide Nano Thin Films
Authors: Tu Sheng Lung , Su Yen Hsun , Shen Yun Hwei , Ray Dah Tong , Wu Yu Chun , Chen Tao Hsing
Published: December 2013

In this study, nano-titanium films of different thickness were deposited. By adjusting it is found that when the thickness of the titanium films was in the nano-scale, the electric resistivity of the titanium films decreased. Furthermore, the deposited titanium was transformed into titanium oxide by maintain an oxygen atmosphere and using a rapid annealing furnace during sputtering. When oxidized nano titanium film is sputtered on a low-electric-resistive metal thin film, the photo-electronic properties of Nano-thin film will be enhanced.
Low Phase Noise Voltage Controlled Oscillator Using Cascode and Current-Reuse Techniques for Radio Frequency Circuits
Authors: Hsu Shuo Chang , Hsu Meng Ting , Hsu Yu Tuan
Published: December 2013

The voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO) is one of the most important building blocks in the system. The chip fabrication of VCO is made by TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS standard process.
The chip presents a low power and low phase noise for IEEE 802.11a applications, the PMOS casecode and current-reuse cross-couple technology are designed to improve phase noise and reduce power. The measured results of phase noise is-120.87 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset frequency from the carrier frequency 5.05 GHz, and operates frequency from 5.04 GHz to 5.895 GHz with a tuning range of 17.14%. Under supply voltage 1.65V, the core power dissipation is 4.05 mW.
Design and Analysis of a Novel Hybrid Solar/Gas Dish Stirling System (HS/GDSS)
Authors: Zhan Wen Bei , Xu Guo Qiang , Quan Yong Kai , Luo Xiang , Li Ting Ting
Published: December 2013

In this paper, a 20kW design capacity solar parabolic dish concentrator hybrid solar/gas dish Stirling system (HS/GDSS) is proposed. To ensure a steady operation of an electricity power plant, HS/GDSS uses gas as complement when solar radiation is weak. Thermodynamic models were made to conduct design of system parameters. After detail characteristics were chosen, analysis was carried out to evaluate this system. The results show that within design condition, overall efficiency of the system is 27.58% at daytime and 33.94% at night, which has advantages over single-energy solar dish Stirling electricity power plant.
An Active Islanding Detection Method for Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Generation System
Authors: Chang Wen Yeau
Published: December 2013

This study proposes an active islanding detection method for use of grid-connected inverter of renewable energy generation system (REGS). With a digital signal processor (DSP) integrated, the proposed method is capable of detecting the islanding fault of grid-connected inverters of REGS during the variable load conditions. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the method was tested on a practical inverter of REGS, the field practical operations of the proposed method were studied in accordance with the conditions for the different loads and fault types. Test results are presented which show that the new proposed method is reliable, economical and easy for implementation.
Direct Adaptive CMAC PI Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems with Measurable Output Feedback
Authors: Chen Chun Sheng
Published: December 2013

A stable direct adaptive CMAC PI controller for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems is investigated under the constrain that only the system output is available for measurement. First, a state observer is used to estimate unmeasured states of the systems. Then, the PI control structure is used for improving robustness in the closed-loop system and avoiding affection of uncertainties and external disturbances. The global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed according to the Lyapunov stability criterion. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation results indicate that the proposed approach is capable of achieving a good trajectory following performance without the knowledge of plant parameters.
Study and Design of Smart Embedded Home System Based on Wireless Electric Power Measurement Monitoring System
Authors: Choi Won Hyuck , Jie Min Seok
Published: December 2013

Home networking means high tech living environment which connect all the information electric appliances in the house with wire/wireless network and providing various services such as remote education, home automation and multimedia to anyone, anytime and anywhere free from boundaries. This thesis have designed and implemented a controlling system which control Embedded Home networking system with smart phone and server. Implemented Embedded home network system design proposed with embedded home node structure, remote smart application system, and home server controlling system. efficiency, safety of the power grid. Real time power measuring and its monitoring are necessary for safe energy supply, in this thesis, suggesting WEMS (Wireless electric power measurement monitoring system). Home node structure consists of intrusion detection, weather control, power control and On/Off control module and modules design proposed to be controlled from home server.
Safety Assessments for Wearable Robot Suits
Authors: Yen Kai Hsiang , Wang Carl
Published: December 2013

A cyborg-type (or exoskeleton-type) robot suit is a wearable device that combines the human intelligence and the machine power so that it could enhance the intelligence of the machine and the power of the human operator. It could be worn over the arms and legs and assists body movement through electric motors attached to shoulders, elbows, knees, and the waist. It could be used in medical rehabilitation or to help people who suffered a stroke or spinal cord injury. It also could be used for people doing physically demanding work in factories or at disaster sites, even entertainment. This paper describes the basic technologies and concepts of wearable robot suits. It is followed by an overview of safety concerns and appropriate method to prevent the faults.
Calibration of RGB-D Sensors for Robot SLAM
Authors: Chi Chen Tung , Yang Shih Chien , Wang Yin Tien
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a calibration procedure for a Kinect RGB-D sensor and its application to robot simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM). The calibration procedure consists of two stages: in the first stage, the RGB image is aligned with the depth image by using the bilinear interpolation. The distorted RGB image is further corrected in the second stage. The calibrated RGB-D sensor is used as the sensing device for robot navigation in unknown environment. In SLAM tasks, the speeded-up robust features (SURF) are detected from the RGB image and used as landmarks in the environment map. The depth image could provide the stereo information of each landmark. Meanwhile, the robot estimates its own state and landmark locations by mean of the Extended Kalman filter (EKF). The EKF SLAM has been carried out in the paper and the experimental results showed that the Kinect sensors could provide the mobile robot reliable measurement information when navigating in unknown environment.
Structure Design of the Biaxial Piezoelectric Actuated Stage Using a Novel Disk Piezoelectric Actuator
Authors: Mou Shann Chyi
Published: December 2013

In this paper, a novel disk piezoelectric actuator structure - 4-9-9-14 piezoelectric actuator is constructed, and it is made of piezoelectric buzzer to drive a biaxial piezoelectric actuated stage. The 4-9-9-14 piezoelectric actuator offers a better balanced capability of forward rotation and reverse rotation than the conventional edge-driving piezoelectric actuator. The biaxial piezoelectric actuated stage structure comprises a base, a V-shaped guide rail, an optical scale measurement system, a preload adjusting structure, and a load-carrying stage. The movement of a stage is read and analyzed by means of LabVIEW operating in conjunction with an optical scale. Stage movement-related signals read by the optical scale are processed. With a human-machine interface of LabVIEW, the movement of the stage is depicted by a waveform chart to thereby facilitate the observation of the waveform chart and the understanding of propulsion of the stage by the actuator.
Interpretation of the Oscillating Signals of the Smart NOx Sensors Used in Urea Selective Catalyst Reduction Systems via Spectral Analysis
Authors: Chou Chih Cheng , Chiang Chia Jui , Su Yu Hsuan , Ku Yong Yuan
Published: December 2013

The oscillating signals of NOx sensor observed in urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) tests are explained via spectral analysis. The NOx sensor built by NGK / Continental requires decoding following the SAE J1939 protocol and thus higher harmonic induced by the discretization is observed in the spectral analysis. The reciprocating motion of the urea pump induces fluctuation of the ammonia dosage, which combined with the nonlinear characteristic from ammonia dosage to NOx downstream SCR result in oscillating NOx sensor readings with different amplitude. The cross-sensitivity of the NOx sensor to ammonia concentration for higher-than-stoichiometric ammonia dosage also results in oscillating NOx sensor signal at lower frequencies.
Design of Photo Diode Sensors for Measuring Solar Light Orientation
Authors: Chang Yong Nong , Cheng Hung Liang , Chan Shun Yu , Shen Yu Siang
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the photo diode sensors are used to realize the solar light detector for measuring the relative solar orientations. The proposed solar light detector comprises five photo diode sensors which are positioned on the front, back, left, right, and upper sides, respectively, on a cubic structure and cubic light-measuring detector is constructed. Accordingly, the photo sensors located on five facets can detect solar light from various directions and measure the incident solar power. Therefore, the relative solar azimuth and elevation angles can be measured precisely. The experimental results have confirmed the validity of the developed system.
Singularity Avoidance for a Redundant Robot Using Fuzzy Motion Planning
Authors: Lin Chih Jer , Lin Chii Ruey , Yu Shen Kai , Han Cheng Chin
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study is to design a redundant robot meeting the specific task and tracking the specific trajectory. Although the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse kinematic is commonly using to solve the inverse kinematic problem, it cannot solve the singularity exists in some situations that the rank of Jacobian matrix is not full rank for the redundant robot. Thus, a fuzzy motion planning algorithm is proposed to solve the inverse kinematic with singularity. Finally, we can obtain the position of five axes robot manipulator using fuzzy motion planning mapping method, and the errors of the singular points are approximately to zero. The results prove the fuzzy inverse kinematic mapping method can robust singular point when the tracking path with singular points.
An Output Based Adaptive Iterative Learning Control with Particle Swarm Optimization for Robotic Systems
Authors: Wang Ying Chung , Chien Chiang Ju , Chuang Chi Nan
Published: December 2013

We consider an output based adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) for robotic systems with repetitive tasks in this paper. Since the joint velocities are not measurable, a sliding window of measurements and an averaging filter approach are used to design the AILC. Besides, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to adjust the learning gains in the learning process to improve the learning performance. Finally, a Lyapunov like analysis is applied to show that the norm of output tracking error will asymptotically converge to a tunable residual set as iteration goes to infinity.
A Laboratory-Based Smart Grid Sensor Network Testbed
Authors: Cheung Long Fung , Lui King Shan , Wong Kenneth Kin Yip , Lee Wing Kin , Pong Philip W.T.
Published: December 2013

A laboratory-based sensor network testbed for Smart Grid was developed at the Smart Grid and High Power System Laboratory of The University of Hong Kong. The setup is featured by a scaled transmission-line model, visualization of sensor measurement, optical communication network, and integration with global positioning system (GPS). The transmission-line model consists of a power cable and towers in which various types of sensors including magnetic sensors, infrared sensors, strain gauges, and accelerometers are installed to monitor the condition of the transmission line and the transmission towers. Magnetic sensors and infrared sensor are employed as advanced sensors which can provide more accurate and comprehensive information of the transmission line. The sensor data is transferred to the computer for analysis and visualization. Graphical user interface (GUI) was designed in LabVIEW to integrate the data acquisition and display of measurement results including cable position, inclination and vibration of the tower, frequency and waveform of the cable current. The host computer also forms an IP network with five remote computers, via optical fiber and optical interface card, for testing various communication protocols. The topology and connectivity of the network is graphically displayed. The sensor network is integrated with GPS and can perform synchronized measurement with the GPS timing. This sensor network testbed provides a platform for the implementation testing, experimentation, and feasibility evaluation of new sensor applications under test in Smart Grid.
A Centre Clustering Mechanism of Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Yan Kuo Qin , Wang Shu Ching , Peng Chin Shan , Wang Shun Sheng
Published: December 2013

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous devices which use sensor nodes (SNs) to monitor physical or environmental conditions cooperatively. However, the SN is limited by the energy resource, the memory, the computation, the communication capability, etc. Therefore, the hierarchical clustering topology has been proposed to prolong the lifetime of WSNs by decreasing the energy consumption of SNs. Unfortunately, the network topology is still unstable due to the workload of the cluster managers is overloading. However, in this study, a Centre Clustering Mechanism (CCM) underlying the center-based WSN is proposed to improve the stability of network topology, assists SN within the working area, and takes advantage of message exchange.
A Cyclostationarity-Based Spectrum Sensing Scheme for Dynamic Traffic Circumstances
Authors: Lee Youngseok , Lee Seong Ro , Yoo Seungsoo , Lee Jaewoo , Shim Jeongyoon , Yoon Seok Ho
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we propose a cyclostationarity-based spectrum sensing scheme for dynamic traffic circumstances. First, we model the spectrum sensing problem in dynamic traffic circumstances as a binary hypothesis testing problem where primary users (PUs) might randomly depart or arrive during the sensing period. Then, we develop a generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) and derive a test statistic via the GLR, which is based on the cyclostationarity of the PU signals. Numerical results confirm that the proposed scheme offers a better spectrum sensing performance than the conventional scheme based on energy detection for dynamic traffic circumstances.
Effects of Grain Size and Lubricating Conditions on Micro Forward and Backward Hollow Extrusion of Brass
Authors: Chang Chao Cheng , Hsu Cheung Hwa , Lai Jian Cheng
Published: December 2013

Grain size and lubricating conditions influence material flow behaviours in micro metal forming processes. In this study, the brass (JIS C2700) tubes with 1.1 mm outer diameter and 0.5 mm inner diameter were treated by annealing at 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C to obtain various microstructures with the grain sizes of 20 μm, 34 μm and 80 μm, respectively. The treated tubes were machined and grounded to be 0.6 mm length specimens for the experiments of micro forward and backward hollow extrusion. Three lubricating conditions, which were dry, full and punch lubricated conditions, were carried out in the experiments. By comparing the upper cup height and rod length of the extruded specimens with the calibration curves established by finite element simulations, it is possible to estimate the friction factors in the processes. The results show that the dry conditions lead to stronger friction effects and thus larger friction factors. Moreover, the friction factor increased with grain size and stroke for all conditions.
Using Maple to Study the Partial Differential Problems
Authors: Yu Chii Huei
Published: December 2013

This paper uses the mathematical software Maple for the auxiliary tool to study the partial differential problem of two types of multivariable functions. We can obtain the infinite series forms of any order partial derivatives of these two types of multivariable functions by using differentiation term by term theorem, and hence greatly reduce the difficulty of calculating their higher order partial derivative values. On the other hand, we propose two examples of multivariable functions to evaluate their any order partial derivatives, and some of their higher order partial derivative values practically. At the same time, we employ Maple to calculate the approximations of these higher order partial derivative values and their infinite series forms for verifying our answers.
Application of Maple on Solving the Differential Problem of Rational Functions
Authors: Yu Chii Huei
Published: December 2013

This paper uses the mathematical software Maple as the auxiliary tool to study the differential problem of four types of rational functions. We can obtain the closed forms of any order derivatives of these rational functions by using binomial theorem. On the other hand, we propose four examples to do calculation practically. The research methods adopted in this study involved finding solutions through manual calculations and verifying these solutions by using Maple. This type of research method not only allows the discovery of calculation errors, but also helps modify the original directions of thinking from manual and Maple calculations. For this reason, Maple provides insights and guidance regarding problem-solving methods.
An Artificial Evolutionary Approach for Solving the Nonlinear Constrained Optimization Problems
Authors: Hsieh Yi Chih , You Peng Sheng
Published: December 2013

In this paper, an artificial evolutionary based two-phase approach is proposed for solving the nonlinear constrained optimization problems. In the first phase, an immune based algorithm is applied to solve the nonlinear constrained optimization problem approximately. In the second phase, we present a procedure to improve the solutions obtained by the first phase. Numerical results of two benchmark problems are reported and compared. As shown, the solutions by the new proposed approach are all superior to those best solutions by typical approaches in the literature.
Image Contrast Enhancement by Hybrid 3SAIHT and CLAHE Algorithm
Authors: Yu Cheng Yi , Lin Hsueh Yi , Lin Cheng Jian
Published: December 2013

Human visual perception is insensitive to certain shades of gray but can distinguish among 20 to 30 shades of gray under a given adaptation level. In this paper, we propose an image fusion pipeline that generates a high vision quality image by fusing the Three-Scale Adaptive Inverse Hyperbolic Tangent (3SAIHT) and the Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) algorithms to increase detail and edge information. Fusion results are clearer and better with regard to display quality and contrast enhancement.
Efficient Scheduling for Real-Time Pinwheel Tasks on DVS Processors
Authors: Chen Da Ren , Chen You Shyang
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we focus on the pinwheel task model for a variable voltage processor with d discrete voltage/speed levels. We propose an intra-task DVS algorithm which constructs a minimum energy schedule for k tasks in O(d+ k log k) time. Previous approaches solve this problem by generating a canonical schedule beforehand and adjusting the tasks' speed in O(dn log n) or O(n3) time. However, the length of a canonical schedule depends on the hyperperiod of those task periods and is of exponential length in general. In our approach, the tasks with arbitrary periods are first transformed into harmonic periods and then profile their key features. Afterward, an optimal discrete voltage schedule can be computed directly from those features.
Experiment on Intermittent Gas Jet Assisted Modulated Fiber Laser Drilling
Authors: Hsu Jin Chen , Liao Cheng Yun , Ho Chao Ching , Chang Yuan Jen , Kuo Chia Lung
Published: December 2013

In this paper, intermittent gas jet assisted laser drilling on stainless steel (SUS304) with a fiber laser of wavelength 1090 nm is studied. Compared with the conventionally used continuous gas jets in assisting laser drilling, the intermittent gas jet assisting can effectively increase the material removal rate. The intermittent gas jet can be modulated with the frequency to effectively reduce the over-cooling effect by the assist gas. Experimental result shows that the drilling depth and machining time can be improved. The effects of the intermittent gas jet pressures and the synchronicity of gas and laser pulses on the laser drilling are investigated and discussed. It is observed that the intermittent gas jet method obviously reduces heat loss and increases the machining efficiency during the laser drilling. Compared with result of using the continuous gas jet, laser drilling with the intermittent gas jet at 40 Hz increases the drilling depth with an improvement of 10%. It is worth noting that the intermittent gas jet method can also reduce the quantity and cost of gas while the gases such as helium and argon gases are applied.
Serum System: An Automatic Curing System for Worms and Buffer Overflow-Based Botnets
Authors: Chen Li Han , Hsu Fu Hau , Chen Shih Jen , Lin Chia Jun , Hwang Yan Ling
Published: December 2013

We propose an automatic defense system, called Serum System, against scanning worms. The homeland security department of a country can use Serum System to protect its Internet infrastructure. When an infecting host is infecting a Serum System host, called Serum System Server (SSS), the SSS automatically replaces the shellcode inside the infecting string with its code (called serum code) and then uses the modified string (called serum string) to counterattack the infecting host and take control of it. The serum code transforms the infecting host into a Serum System Client (SSC) that has the same functions as the SSS and is immune to the same worm. Therefore, infecting hosts attacking SSSs or SSCs will transform themselves to SSCs. We implemented Serum System on Linux. Our analyses show Serum System can automatically defeat related infected hosts.
A Novel Fuel Cell System Design by Using Ziegler-Nichols-Based Intelligent Fuzzy Controller
Authors: Lin Jium Ming , Lin Cheng Hung
Published: December 2013

This paper proposes a novel fuel cell system design by integrating both methods of Ziegler-Nichols-based PID control and the intelligent fuzzy control, thus the relative stability and disturbance rejection properties can be reserved. This new method is not proposed before for fuel cell control system design. By using PID method for the normal case of fuel cell current requirement, the overshoot of the temperature is 45%, the temperature rise and the settling times are 0.65 sec and 2 sec, respectively. However, by using intelligent fuzzy Ziegler-Nichols-based PID controller design, the overshoot of the temperature is 12%, the temperature rise and the settling times are 0.7 sec and 1 sec, respectively. Thus the proposed method is better. Moreover, this paper also takes the system disturbance variation effect into consideration, e.g. the current requirement is increased by 100% for climbing a slope or speed-up conditions; note a large 60% temperature overshoot is produced by using Ziegler-Nichols based PID controller. But the overshoot is only 20% by using the intelligent fuzzy Ziegler-Nichols-based PID controller. Thus the proposed system is more robust.
Optical Music Recognition for Numbered Music Notation with Multimodal Reconstruction
Authors: Wu Fu Hai Frank , Jang Jyh Shing Roger
Published: December 2013

Optical music recognition (OMR) is attracted a lot attention on different music notation system which could be so focused on Back’s C-Clefs; in contrast, it could handle complete modern music symbols. One of notation system, numbered music notation, which is literally call “simplified notation”, is popular in many Asia countries. There is a traditional Chinese hymnbook, which usually used in small group of worship, in which one page has several hymns. We propose algorithms for the recognition of those notations in camera images of the hymn, which could effectively identify score zone and lyric zone, segment notation image, classify music notation, and reconstruct scores from classified notation by their coordinates and neighborhood relationship. Those algorithms comprise the preliminary demo system by which we provide a solution for music information retrieval and reconstruction.
Color 3D Image Encryption Technique by Combined Use of Computational Integral Imaging Joint Image Scrambling Technique
Authors: Li Xiao Wei , Cho Sung Jin , Kim Seok Tae
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we propose a novel three-dimensional (3D) color image encryption scheme based on computational integral imaging (CII) and Arnold transform technique. An elemental image array (EIA) is firstly captured by recording the light rays emanating from 3D image through a lenslet array. Then, the captured color EIA is decomposed into three independent channels: red, green and blue, and each channel is encrypted by Arnold transform. In the reconstruction process, the pseudo-inverse filter is used to improve quality of the reconstructed 3D color image in CII system. Numerical simulations have been done to prove the validity and the security of the proposed 3D color image encryption method.
Temperature Effect on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Film
Authors: Her Shiuh Chuan , Wang Yi Hsiang
Published: December 2013

Aluminum films were prepared on the glass substrate by electron-beam vapor deposition. Nanoindentation tests were employed to determine the hardness and Youngs modulus of the Al film. The effect of substrate temperature on the mechanical properties of the Al film was investigated. Experimental results show that the hardness of Al film is increasing with the increase of the substrate temperature. It can also be observed that the Youngs modulus of Al film doesnt significantly depend on the substrate temperature.
Threshold-Based Privacy-Preserving Key Management Scheme for Vehicle-to-Grid Networks
Authors: Tseng Huei Ru
Published: December 2013

The concept of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is that electric vehicles (EVs) communicate with the smart grid to sell demand response services by delivering electricity into the grid. Due to the scale of the network, the speed of the vehicles, their geographic positions, and the very sporadic connectivity between them, V2G communications have the crucial requirements of fast session key establishment. In this paper, we propose a threshold-based privacy-preserving key management scheme for V2G networks, which utilizes the threshold-based secret sharing and symmetric key technique to protect the identities of the EV owners and to establish the shared session key between the aggregator and the vehicle. The proposed scheme can achieve the property of identity privacy, confidentiality of the communications, and known-key security.
Robust Exponential Stability for Uncertain Discrete-Time Switched Systems with Interval Time-Varying Delay via a Switching Signal
Authors: Chen Jenq Der , Lien Chang Hua , Yu Ker Wei , Lee Chin Tan , Chen Ruey Shin , Yang Chyi Da
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the switching signal design to robust exponential stability for discrete-time switched systems with interval time-varying delay is considered. LMI-based conditions are proposed to guarantee the global exponential stability for such system with parametric perturbations by using a switching signal. The appropriate Lyapunov functionals are used to reduce the conservativeness of systems. Finally, a numerical example is illustrated to show the main results.
Comparison of Thermal Bridges Calculate Method through Typical Details in Low Energy Designing
Authors: Buday Peter , Ingeli Rastislav , Vavrovič Boris
Published: December 2013

There are several studies that have investigated transmission heat transfer losses, through building envelopes including thermal bridges. Most of the studies investigate the effect of different calculation and simulation methodologies, such as static/dynamic and 1D/2D/3D. It is essential to minimize heat losses in designing phase in accordance of building energy efficiency. Building envelopes with high thermal resistance are generally typical for low-energy buildings. In this sense thermal bridges impact increases by using of greater thickness of thermal insulation. s mentioned earlier, different measuring methods may be used to quantify building elements. This paper is focused on comparison of thermal bridges calculate method through typical systems details in buildings. The impact of thermal bridges was studied by comparative calculations for a case study of building with different amounts of thermal insulation. The calculated results represent a percentage distribution of heat loss through typical building components in correlation of various thicknesses of their thermal insulations.
Requirements for Surface of Countervailing Skid Resistance Staircases
Authors: Gieciová Maria , Kittová Terézia
Published: December 2013

Contribution deals with the external of compensatory steps to equalize difference in height between adjoining terrain transmittance and first floor of the building overhead. Function of balancing steps constitutes the transition between exterior and interior with the role of helping the human body to adapt to changing external conditions and the impact of the transition from the outside in and vice versa. Stairs should be safe, non-slip and harmony with the overall architecture of the building.
Verification of Calculating Sound Insulation of Building Structures According to EN 12354 with the Results of Measurements in Site
Authors: Dlhý Dušan
Published: December 2013

Currently, different computing programs, such as Bastian, SONarchitect, etc., which are designed to estimate (calculate) airborne / impact sound insulation of dividing constructions, sound insulation of building envelopes, sounds levels of acoustic powers emitted from building envelopes and other parameters, are being increasingly used in the project preparation phase of buildings. These programs, in most cases, carry out the calculation according to EN 12354 - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The computational model is based on the measured values characterizing the direct or indirect transfer through side paths of building constructions (by using laboratory measurements) and on theoretically derived methods of sound propagation in building constructions [. The result of proper modelling of the structure, or the entire object, should give the best estimate of acoustic parameters compared with the measured values carried out directly at the site under EN ISO 140 [2].
Building Information Modeling with Static and Dynamic Daylight Analysis
Authors: Jamnický Martin
Published: December 2013

One of the major factors in verifying the way in which internal environments and buildings are qualified by people is daylight. The role of daylight in day to day basis and the fact of providing internal space quality make it that important. This is one of the reasons behind the constant need to integrate daylight into architecture, apart from high cost of fossil fuels or temporary electricity sources. Besides being one of the most efficient sources of energy, not to mention the fact that its completely free, there are other important aspects that should not be overlooked before entering the building. Generally, it is considered a pleasure to have daylight inside the building unless it distracts the occupants from accomplishing their daily tasks such as glare from computer screens as this can reduce productivity of offices and creates eye strain. Replacing artificial lighting with natural daylighting can be the best solution in terms of carbon footprint reduction and cutting costs to a minimum. It is essential to make sure that improper natural lighting or poor control doesnt give overheating or glare discomfort.
Energy Efficiency of Building Envelopes
Authors: Jedinák Richard
Published: December 2013

Energy efficiency of buildings is one of the basic requirements of current architectural engineering. The new recast of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) calls for all new buildings to be nearly zero energy buildings by the end of 2020. To achieve this target is quite challenging. Nowadays some of the buildings that are realized are reaching these objectives. The current market is able to offer a wide range of thermal systems and thermal insulation materials themselves and the right choice of thermal system or thermal insulation material is a difficult task. Considering the significant impact that energy consumption has, is particularly important to implement policies aimed at improving energy efficiency in buildings. Highly energy efficient buildings can either save primary energy or disseminate the use of the most suitable technologies to be used in new constructions. The building may be considered as an example to study and optimize the benefits of higher energy efficiency together with the use of renewable energy systems. This article is going to discuss the characteristics of these solutions, trends in their research and development and their conceptual bases.
Analysis of Energy Balance in Elementary School Building
Authors: Kamenský Martin , Katunský Dušan , Bagoňa Miloslav
Published: December 2013

One option to meet the requirements of Europe 2020 is construction of energy efficiency buildings. These buildings are low heat energy demand, which is influenced by various factors. The article describes the impact of different operating modes on the heat demand for heating in the building of the pavilion elementary school. The impact was assessed in simulation calculation program. The aim was to obtain knowledge about the behavior of the building in terms of thermal comfort in different operating modes during the heating season. The knowledge gained will enable more effective operation of HVAC systems. Increased efficiency of operation allows energy savings.
Development of a Mathematical Model for the Three-Dimensional Accounting of Economic Feasibility of Energy-Efficient Buildings
Authors: Leuck Roland , Puškár Anton
Published: December 2013

The most refurbishments in these days are often focussed only on the energetical part of the project. But you should consider just as well the economic situation of the investor. This even more, if the renovator is a public authority, like the community for the refurbishment for school-buildings. The study developed a mathematical model for the three-dimensional accounting of economic feasibility of methods for energetical refurbishments via life-cycle-costs. The optimal solution will be to find the best combination of listed refurbishment measures to reduce the total life-cycle-cost, in the ideal case even down to zero.
Utilization of Sulfur Waste from Petroleum Refinery for Sulfur Concrete
Authors: Wongsirathat Chitasupha , Chavalparit Orathai
Published: December 2013

In this study, sulfur and sulfur wastes from petroleum refinery were utilized to produce sulfur concrete. Sulfur concrete was prepared by mixing molten sulfur and modified sulfur. Then, filler and sand was added and mixed continuously. This research was investigated by assessing the effect of ratio and sulfur wastes on the compressive strength of sulfur concrete. The result showed that sulfur wastes were affected by the compressive strength. Sulfur concrete which produced from sulfur by product from desulfurization unit has the highest compressive strength (2.56+0.06 MPa). The compressive strength was decrease when using sulfur wastes. However, the ratio of sulfur and modified sulfur affected the compressive strength of sulfur concrete because modified sulfur is very efficient in binding and strengthening the aggregates. The amount of modified sulfur increases, so does the compressive strength. It should be noted that sulfur concrete has been used to produce non-load bearing wall and non-load bearing concrete masony units for the propose of reduce to landfill and support sustainability concept.
Numerical Analysis of Nanoscale Junctionless MOSFET Including Effects of Hot-Carrier Induced Interface Charges
Authors: Abdelmalek N. , Djeffal F. , Meguellati M. , Bendib T.
Published: December 2013

In this work, we aim at highlighting the immunity of the junctionless Gate All Around (JLGAA) MOSFET against the induced interface tarps degradation at nanoscale level. In this context, a numerical investigation has been proposed to study the subthreshold behavior of the (JLGAA) MOSFET for ultra-low power applications. Based on 2-D numerical investigation, a small-signal parameters model for nanoscale JLGAA MOSFETs, including the hot-carrier induced interface charge effects, is developed. The numerical analysis has been used to simulate the transconductance and output-conductance in subthreshold region and to compare the performance of the investigated design and conventional GAA MOSFET, where the hot-carrier effects are included. High reliability, low fabrication cost and integration ability make JLGAA MOSFET promising candidate to improve the device reliability for the ultra-low power applications.
Influence of Tool Geometry and Contact Condition on Friction Stir Welding of Al-Cu Laminated Composites
Authors: Beygi R. , Kazeminezhad Mohsen , Kokabi A.H. , Alvani S. Mohammad Javad , Verdera D. , Loureiro Altino
Published: December 2013

In this study friction stir welding of Al-Cu laminated composites were carried out by two different tool geometries. Welding procedure was carried out from both sides of Al and Cu. Analyzing cross section of welds showed that different contact conditions between shoulder and material, offers different material flow behavior which is dependent on the tool geometry. SEM analyses showed that mixing of materials in nugget region is more pronounced in the advancing side. Also XRD results indicated that welding from Cu side, leads to intermetallic formation in mixed regions.
Modeling and Simulation of Microwave Circuits
Authors: Ourabia Malika
Published: December 2013

A new and efficient method is presented for the analysis of arbitrarily shaped discontinuities. The technique obtains closed form expressions for the equivalent circuits which are used to model these discontinuities. Then it would be easy to handle and to characterize complicated structures like T and Y junctions, truncated junctions, arbitrarily shaped junctions, cascading junctions and more generally planar multiport junctions. Another advantage of this method is that the edge line concept for arbitrary shape junctions operates with real parameters circuits. The validity of the method was further confirmed by comparing our results for various discontinuities (bend, filters) with those from HFSS as well as from other published sources.
Ti-6Al-4V Surfaces in SiC Powder Mixed Electrical Discharge Machining
Authors: Yaşar Hamidullah , Ekmekci Bülent
Published: December 2013

The role of suspended particles on Ti-6Al-4V surface in Powder Mixed Electrical Discharge Machining (PMEDM) is studied using SiC powder mixing in water dielectric liquid. Surface modifications due to the additives in dielectric liquid are investigated by means of optical, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The attachment of added powders and surface topographies interrelated with powder suspension concentration, particle size and electrical parameters such as pulse on duration and current. The influence on discharge transitivity with respect to SiC additives is noticed with pock like features on the surface. The geometry and size of these features indicated a robust dependency with respect to operational parameters and indicated the role of secondary discharges during PMEDM. SiC particles severely transferred from di-electric liquid to machined surface at critical operational parameters and implied that the process could be also used as a surface alloying technique.
In Situ Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Cotton Fabric Using Sonochemical Method
Authors: Zarei Leila , Shahidi Sheila , Elahi Seyed Mohammad , Boochani Arash
Published: December 2013

Researches show that properties of semiconductor materials such as electrical, optical and antibacterial properties can be improved in the nanoscale. Among the semiconductor materials , zinc oxide with excellent electronic properties has been considered extremely. Application and properties of Zno nanoparticles depends on the size and morphology. In the present work, Zno Nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by sonochemical method at a constant temperature and were applied on to the 100% cotton woven fabric using Insitu method. The results show that nanoparticles with average sizes of 20-100 nm with different morphologies were created on the surface of samples. Synthesis of ZnO-NPs were varied in the morphological transformation by changes in zinc acetate concentration. Characterizations were carried out, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Spectrophotometery. The antibacterial activities of the fabrics were assessed semi-quantitatively by the coloneis count method. The results show that the finished fabric demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against S.aureus in antibacterial test.
Epoxidized Vegetable Oil as a Sustainable Ingredient in Welding Electrode Coatings
Authors: Lage Fernando C. , Franca Adriana S. , Oliveira Leandro S. , Bracarense Alexandre Q.
Published: December 2013

Welding with coated (covered) electrodes is a manual process in which an electric arc is generated between the electrode and work piece to melt the metals at the welding point whereby they are joined. Among the several ingredients that constitute the electrode coating, there is the binder, which is usually sodium or potassium silicate. Recently, studies were conducted where the usual binders were successfully replaced by hydrophobic polymers in solution, making the electrode waterproof, therefore of very low diffusible hydrogen content, and eliminating the need for a drying step during the preparation of the electrode. In the present work, the use of epoxidized vegetable oils as binders was evaluated in order to minimize negative environmental impacts since the binders are produced from a renewable source. The epoxidized vegetable oils were prepared from a variety of vegetable oils using acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide as reagents and an acidic ion exchange resin as catalyst. The prepared resins were dully characterized and used as a binder in the formulation for coating of basic-type electrodes. The produced electrodes were evaluated for the quality of the weld.
Influence of New SiO2 Nanofluids on Surface Wettability and Interfacial Tension Behaviour between Oil-Water Interface in EOR Processes
Authors: Amraei A. , Fakhroueian Zahra , Bahramian Alireza
Published: December 2013

Fine SiO2 nanosphericals (2-5nm) and new various stable nanofluids including Tween 80, Span 80, Lauric alcohol-3EO, CTAB, SDS and K-Laurate surfactants in water or paraffin based solution were used as new SiO2 nanoproducts in oil recovery. These nanofluids can strongly change oil-wet carbonate reservoir rock to complete water-wet wettability and showed an excellent trend of surface tension (S.T) and IFT (interfacial tension) reduction in comparison with pure water and reference solutions. The CaCO3 plates reservoir was then aged for 2, 5 and 8 days into the 1, 3 and 8% of different concentrations of synthesized SiO2 nanofluids (effect of various concentrations via different aging time). Air/water and n-decane/water contact angles on oil-wet and clean carbonate rock aged in designed SiO2 nanofluids were measured and the pH value as a significant factor estimated. The interesting influence of microwave irradiation on surface tension and IFT including various SiO2 nanofluids was investigated after 12 min which some of the especial nanofluid concentrations showed successful reduction. Our findings indicated the important effect of temperature over decreasing of surface tension and IFT between oil and water interface including SiO2 nanofluids after annealing at 70°C. Therefore, this phenomenon can be significantly capable and valuable in applying of new technology in the fabrication of novel nanofluids in EOR processes and saving source of energy regarding to conventional production.
Novel Enhanced Oil Recovery Method Using Co2+xFe2+1-xFe3+2O4 as Magnetic Nanoparticles Activated by Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Soleimani Hasan , Yahya Noorhana , Latiff Noor Rasyada Ahmad , Zaid Hasnah Mohd , Demira Birol M.R. , Amighian Jamshid
Published: December 2013

Research on the application of nanoparticles, specifically magnetic nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery has been increasing in recent years due to their potential to increase the oil production despite having to interact with reservoirs of high salinity, high pressure and temperature and un-natural pH. Unlike other conventional EOR agents e.g. surfactants and polymers, a harsh environment will cause degradation and failure to operate. Magnetic nanoparticles which are activated by a magnetic field are anticipated to have the ability to travel far into the oil reservoir and assist in the displacement of the trapped oil. In this work, ferromagnetic Co2+xFe2+1-xFe3+2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized for their morphological, structural and magnetic properties. At a composition x = 0.75, this nanomaterial shows its best magnetisation parameters i.e. highest value of saturation magnetization, remanence and coercivity of 65.23 emu/g, 12.18 emu/g and 239.10 Oe, respectively. Subsequently, a dispersion of 0.01 wt% Co2+0.75Fe2+0.25Fe3+2O4 nanoparticles in distilled water was used for core flooding test to validate its feasibility in enhanced oil recovery. In a core flooding test, the effect of electromagnetic waves irradiation to activate the magnetization of Co2+0.75Fe2+0.25Fe3+2O4 nanofluid was also investigated by irradiating a 78 MHz square wave to the porous medium while nanofluid injection was taking place. In conclusion, an almost 20% increment in the recovery of oil was obtained with the application of electromagnetic waves in 2 pore volumes injection of a Co2+0.75Fe2+0.25Fe3+2O4 nanofluid.