bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P5CR1 protein expression and the effect of gene-silencing on lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: She Yang , Mao Aiyou , Li Feng , Wei Xiaobin
Published: May 2019

The present study aimed to investigate the expression of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (P5CR1) protein in lung adenocarcinoma and paracancerous tissues and to explore the effect of silencing the encoding gene PYCR1 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cisplatin sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells, thereby providing a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of the disease. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the P5CR1 protein expression in lung adenocarcinoma and paracancerous tissues, and statistical analysis evaluated the correlation between P5CR1 protein expression and gender, age, tissue part, or pathological grade. The CCK8 assay was performed to detect the proliferation and cisplatin sensitivity, while the effect of PYCR1 on the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells was detected by scratch test and transwell chamber assay. The findings demonstrated that the P5CR1 protein expression was significantly elevated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and correlated with the pathological grade, whereas no significant correlation was established between the protein expression and gender, age, or tissue part. Furthermore, after PYCR1 gene silencing, the proliferation and invasion were significantly suppressed, while the sensitivity to cisplatin was significantly enhanced. Therefore, it can be speculated that the PYCR1 gene affects the biological behavior of lung adenocarcinoma and cisplatin resistance, serving as a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
Análise do posicionamento dos restaurantes de São Paulo estrelados pelo guia Michelin com base nas On-line Travel Reviews (OTRS)
Authors: Nascimento Filho Francisco Barbosa do , Flores Luiz Carlos da Silva , Limberger Pablo Flôres
Published: May 2019

Propósito justificado do tema: A análise dos serviços de restauração vem sendo objeto de diversos estudos no âmbito do turismo e neste trabalho busca analisar o posicionamento dos treze restaurantes estrelados no Guia Michelin 2016 na cidade de São Paulo através dos comentários no site Tripadvisor. Objetivo: Dentro de uma visão mercadológica e de gestão a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o posicionamento dos restaurantes por meio das avaliações postadas na referida mídia social dos referidos restaurantes. Metodologia e abordagem: O estudo caracteriza-se por ser exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado por meio de coleta dos conteúdos gerados pelos usuários (CGU) ou User-Generated Content, no site, relacionadas a 1.300 avaliações de clientes dos restaurantes que formam o universo da pesquisa e como ferramenta de análise foi utilizado o software Iramuteq. Resultados: Os resultados alcançados através da classificação hierárquica descendente (CHD) que o Iramuteq reteve e dividiu o total do corpus das avaliações coletadas em quatro classes: 1) atendimento; 2) os restaurantes; 3) hospitalidade e serviço; 4) a comida, caracterizando o que os clientes percebem de importante no momento de escolha e utilização dos empreendimentos de restauração e mediante as análises apontam que os restaurantes de alta gastronomia de São Paulo estão posicionados por atributo, por usuários, por categoria de produtos e por classe de serviço. Originalidade do documento: Este trabalho é original quanto ao tema e enquadramento.
Satisfação do Consumidor com Base nos Atributos do Serviço de Hospedagem
Authors: Almeida Geciane Silva , Pelissari Anderson Soncini
Published: May 2019

A presente pesquisa busca avaliar a contribuição dos atributos da hospedagem disponibilizados no site TripAdvisor — atendimento, custo-benefício, limpeza, localização, qualidade do sono e quarto — para a satisfação dos consumidores de hotéis e pousadas localizados no Espírito Santo. A pesquisa segue a abordagem metodológica quantitativa, utilizando-se de dados secundários coletados automaticamente no site TripAdvisor. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e da regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados indicam que os atributos pesquisados contribuem de maneira diferente para a satisfação do consumidor dependendo do “Tipo de viajante” informado (“Amigos”, “Casal”, “Família”, “Negócios” e “Sozinho”) e da categoria de preços dos meios de hospedagem.
Sources of Information & Their Extent of Utilization by Actors in AKIS for Betel Vine Growers in Nadia District of West Bengal
Authors: Biswas Manaranjan , Saha Anindita , Dash Samir Ranjan
Published: May 2019

Studying Agriculture Knowledge Information System (AKIS) in terms of generation, dissemination, transformation, utilization, storage and retrieval of knowledge and information is needed for agriculture development.  A study was conducted in Nadia district of West Bengal and Betel vine growers, Extensionist, Researchers were considered as respondents. Cultivation of betel vine is one of the most important horticultural crops at it is gradually increasing its popularity in the Nadia district as cash crop. It is observed that in- adequate information regarding Betel vine production in the sampled areas, almost cent percent growers were using their own traditional planting materials since long and growing their crops with their indigenous knowledge, skill and their past experiences. They have little awareness regarding the improved method of cultivation. The study further indicated that the respondents were receiving better information and technical knowhow about betel vine cultivation from Opinion leader, participating in training programmes, discussing with Extension personnels, input dealers, neighbours and different NGOs and to some extent from electronic media. The respondents treated relatives, neighbours and co-operatives as better credible sources followed by demonstration, campaign, Argil. University expert, Krishi-mela, Leaflet and Input dealers and electronic media to some extent. Establishment of research station, transfer knowledge information system and marketing system might be useful for realising better return on betel vine cultivation and young farmers are quite enthusiastic to cultivate the betel vine and promotion of this crop should be continued in the other parts of the district for gainful employment through need based and location specific  technology  support system.
Determination of Minerals, Total Phenolic Content, Flavonoids, Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Sweet Lupinus angustifolius of Palestine
Authors: Hanania Michel , Radwan Sireen , Odeh Suhair Abu , Qumber Abeer
Published: May 2019

Aims: To establish the most suitable extraction method for sweet lupine seeds and to determine minerals, phenolic content, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activities.

Study Design: Known and standard experimental procedures are employed.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Bethlehem University- Palestine, from January 2019 to March 2019.

Methodology: Seeds were ground and extracted by Soxhlet extractor using ethanol with different percentages (50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 95%). Sodium, potassium and ferrous ion content were determined. Resistance to bacteria was performed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while antioxidant activity was determined by FRAP method. Two types of flavonoids were measured: Flavonones and dihydroflavonols via the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Phenolics were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method.

Results: 50% ethanol resulted in the highest extract residue (18.6%) while 70% and 60% showed the lowest content (10.0% for both). 80% ethanol extracted sample showed the highest content for sodium (56.51 mg Na/g extract), while 60% and 50% ethanol extracts showed the highest content of potassium (2.25 and 2.33 mg K/g extract, respectively). The maximum concentration of ferrous ion was obtained with 70% ethanol (6.854 mg Fe+2/g extract). 95% ethanolic extract showed the highest antioxidant activity (20.24 mg FeSO4/g extract). Similar results were obtained for total phenolic content and flavonoids: 24.60 mg gallic acid/g extract for phenolics and 116.02 mg rutin/g extract for flavonoids. Extracts showed no bacterial activity against both types of bacteria used.

Conclusion: 95% ethanol extracted samples showed the highest antioxidant activity and the highest flavonoids and phenolic content. Sweet lupine extract did not perform any antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
Caloric Substitution of Diets with Apple Pomace was Determined to be Safe for Renal and Bone Health Using a Growing Rat Model
Authors: Skinner R. Chris , Gigliotti Joseph C. , Taylor Katherine H. , Warren Derek C. , Benedito Vagner A. , Tou Janet C.
Published: May 2019

Aims: To determine the safety of caloric substitution with 10% (g/kg) apple pomace to a healthy or Western diet.

Study Design: Growing (age 22-29 days) female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned (n=8 rats/group) to consume a purified standard rodent diet (AIN-93G), AIN-93G/10% g/kg apple pomace (AIN/AP), Western diet, or Western/10% g/kg apple pomace (Western/AP) diets for 8 weeks.

Results: Histological evaluation showed renal interstitial hypercellularity in rats fed AIN/AP, Western, and Western/AP diets. However, there were no effects on renal expression of oxidative stress and inflammatory genes or serum measures of kidney damage and function among diet groups. Apple pomace was also high in calcium which can affect calcium balance. Dietary calcium consumption was highest (P < .001) in rats consuming Western/AP. However, there were no significant differences in calcium absorption and retention among diet groups. Further, there was no evidence of renal calcification. There were also no impacts on femoral calcium, total mineral content, size or strength.

Conclusions: Based on the results, apple pomace consumption was safe for renal and bone health in a rodent model, regardless of diet quality. Future preclinical studies should be conducted to further determine the efficacy and safety of apple pomace.
The Management of Zygomatic Complex Fractures: A Review
Authors: Karimi Abbas , Shoohanizad Ehsan
Published: May 2019

The face symmetry has prominent role in the human body after injuries and accident. The zygomatic region is important factor in the injuries face. Due to its location, its fracture is the 2nd frequent fractured bone of mid-facial. Zygomatic bone fractures are more abundant in young males and its incidence and etiology is different based on location. Post-traumatic facial deformity is the most incorrect reconstruction of the facial skeleton. Inadequate healing of the supported soft tissues lead to malposition of landmarks, shrinkage and thickening. The zygomatic bone fracture and coronoid process impingement lead to restricted mouth opening. Interruption in zygomatic position has psychological, aesthetic and functional effects which impairs the function of mandible and ocular tissue. Therefore, diagnose and properly management of the zygomatic bone injury is important. Healing displaced fragments of zygomatic bone after inadequate fixation and reduction of fracture consequences facial asymmetry. There is a lack of information about evaluation of benefits and costs of different zmc fracture methods. So, this literature review was done to characterize the etiology, incidence, clinical findings and results of different treatment trends of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. Surgeons have been utilized numerous approaches, but there are different ideas for the best one.
Comparative Effects of Some Preservative Hurdles on the Quality of Zobo Drink Stored at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Chibueze Chukwu Victor , Bankole Oyeleke Solomon , Chukwuemeka Anuonye Julian , David Bala Jeremiah
Published: May 2019

Aim: Comparative Effects of Some Preservative Hurdles on the Quality of Zobo Stored at Ambient Temperature were assessed.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, between June 218 and January 2019.

Methodology: Fresh zobo drink samples were prepared from Hibiscus sabdariffa using modified methods of HACCP and Hurdle technology for preservation and stored on the shelf for six months. The samples were divided into seven. Analyses were carried out on monthly basis with respect to microbial quality, pH, titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C content and sensory qualities of the beverage for six months. The parameters changed significantly (p<0.05) with respect to storage period. Zero microbial count was recorded for all the samples as at the time of production.

Results: The control sample deteriorated after one month, pasteurization at 75°C for 20 minutes successfully eradicated all coliforms and indicator organisms as none was isolated during the shelf study. Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus fermentum, Aspergillus niger, penicillium sp, Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from the both the control and pasteurized (Gcontrol and G2) samples were responsible for the spoilage of the beverage after one month. G3, G4 G5, G6 and G7 preserved beyond six months, without imparting negatively on the sensory qualities of the drink. They significantly (p<0.05) showed the same overall acceptability, mouthfeel, flavour, colour and taste.

Conclusion: Sample G3 stored best after six months on the shelf.
The β‐domain of streptokinase affects several functionalities, including specific/proteolytic activity kinetics
Authors: Rafipour Maryam , Keramati Malihe , Aslani Mohammad Mehdi , Arashkia Arash , Roohvand Farzin
Published: May 2019

Streptokinase (SK) is a plasminogen activator which converts inactive plasminogen (Pg) to active plasmin (Pm), which cleaves fibrin clots. SK secreted by groups A, C, and G Streptococcus (SKA/SKC/SKG) is composed of three domains: SKα, SKβ and SKγ. Previous domain‐swapping studies between SK1/SK2b‐cluster variants revealed that SKβ plays a major role in the activation of human Pg. Here, we carried out domain‐swapping between skcg‐SK/SK2‐cluster variants to determine the involvement of SKβ in several SK functionalities, including specific/proteolytic activity kinetics, fibrinogen‐bound Pg activation and α2‐antiplasmin resistance. Our results indicate that SKβ has a minor to determining role in these diverse functionalities for skcg‐SK and SK2b variants, which might potentially be accompanied by few critical residues acting as hot spots. Our findings enhance our understanding of the roles of SKβ and hot spots in different functional characteristics of SK clusters and may aid in the engineering of fibrin‐specific variants of SK for breaking down blood clots with potentially higher efficacy and safety.
A novel series of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors discovered by in vitro screening: inhibition activity and crystallographic binding mode
Authors: Zeng Ting , Zuo Zeping , Luo Youfu , Zhao Yinglan , Yu Yamei , Chen Qiang
Published: May 2019

Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate‐limiting step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, is considered to be an attractive target for potential treatment of autoimmune disease and cancer. Here, we present a novel class of human DHODH inhibitors with high inhibitory potency. The high‐resolution crystal structures of human DHODH complexed with various agents reveal the details of their interactions. Comparisons with the binding modes of teriflunomide and brequinar provide insights that may facilitate the development of new inhibitors targeting human DHODH.
Temporal Control of Plant–Environment Interactions by the Circadian Clock
Authors: Haydon Michael J. , Li Xiang , Ting Michael K.Y.
Published: May 2019

The rotation of the earth generates dramatic daily and seasonal variation in the terrestrial environment. Plants, like other organisms, have evolved an endogenous biological oscillator to predict these daily changes in light and temperature and adjust to shifting seasonal conditions. This system must be robust to unexpected environmental challenges but can also assist plants to adjust physiology accordingly. Key features of the circadian system that contribute to achieve these are the process of entrainment, by which external cues adjust the state of the oscillator, and gating, by which the sensitivity to a stimulus is modified according to the time of day. In this way, the circadian clock is a dynamic hub which integrates physiology, metabolism, and growth in the context of a plant's current environment. We provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular composition of the core oscillator in Arabidopsis and the mechanisms of entrainment and gating. In particular, we focus on phytohormone signalling, photosynthetic metabolism, and defence responses as examples of core plant responses to environment that are integrated within the circadian system.
Thermally Conductive Reduced Graphene Oxide Thin Films for Extreme Temperature Sensors
Authors: Zeng Yuqiang , Li Tian , Yao Yonggang , Li Tangyuan , Hu Liangbing , Marconnet Amy
Published: May 2019

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) films are promising in applications ranging from electronics to flexible sensors. Though high electrical and thermal conductivities have been reported for RGO films, existing thermal conductivity data for RGO films show large variations from 30 to 2600 W m−1 K−1. Further, there is a lack of data at low temperatures (<300 K), which is critical for the understanding of thermal transport mechanisms. In this work, a temperature‐dependent study of thermal (10–300 K) and electrical (10–3000 K) transport in annealed RGO films indicates the potential application of RGO films for sensing temperatures across an extremely wide range. The room‐temperature thermal conductivity increases significantly from 46.1 to 118.7 W m−1 K−1 with increasing annealing temperature from 1000 to 3000 K with a corresponding increase in the electrical conductivity from 5.2 to 1481.0 S cm−1. In addition, films reduced at 3000 K are promising for sensing extreme temperatures as demonstrated through the measured electrical resistivity from 10 to 3000 K. Sensors based on RGO films are advantageous over conventional temperature sensors due to the wide temperature range and flexibility. Thus, this material is useful in many applications including flexible electronics and thermal management systems.
Superomniphobic Papers for On‐Paper pH Sensors
Authors: Movafaghi Sanli , Cackovic Matthew D. , Wang Wei , Vahabi Hamed , Pendurthi Anudeep , Henry Charles S. , Kota Arun K.
Published: May 2019

Paper‐based superomniphobic surfaces are of great interest because paper is flexible, inexpensive, lightweight, breathable, and recyclable. Prior reports on paper‐based superomniphobic surfaces have failed to demonstrate high mobility with low surface tension liquids. In order to overcome this issue, in this work, superomniphobic papers are developed through growth of nanofilaments on inherent microfibers of papers without noticeably altering their microscale features (i.e., diameter and distance of the microfibers). These superomniphobic papers display very low roll‐off angle, indicative of ultra‐high droplet mobility, even with low surface tension liquids. Here, a facile method is also developed to control the motion and adhesion of the droplets on the superomniphobic paper. Utilizing such liquid mobility in a controlled manner on these superomniphobic papers, a simple on‐paper pH sensor is fabricated. It is anticipated that this on‐paper, simple, and rapid detection methodology can also be extended to the colorimetric sensing of protein and chemical assays. Further, these superomniphobic papers have potential applications in water–oil separation and enhanced weight‐bearing capacity.
Infrared Skin‐Like Active Stretchable Electronics Based on Organic–Inorganic Composite Structures for Promotion of Cutaneous Wound Healing
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Jiang Xiaoxiao , Jiang Wei , Li Shuang , Chi Yuxi , Liu Hao , Zhang Maoyi , Li Juyao , Fang Min , Pan Bing , Chen Yuli , Shen Chuanan , Guo Xu , Li Rui , Guo Liang , Su Yewang
Published: May 2019

Recent studies on flexible/stretchable medical electronics are almost all focusing on passive monitoring of physiological signs for medical diagnostics, but rare reports have been found on those for active therapeutic purposes. Here, a novel infrared skin‐like active stretchable electronics (ISASE) is introduced with the organic–inorganic composite design for promotion of cutaneous wound healing, which can be conformally mounted anywhere on the human body due to its excellent flexibility and stretchability. Comprehensive experiments, including the proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblasts and rat dermal fibroblasts in vitro, and various tests on wound healing of rats, show favorable effects of the ISASE on promoting the fibroblast migration and proliferation, reducing the inflammatory phase, stimulating the angiogenesis, and shorting the wound healing period. A typical ISASE significantly shortens the cure time for a wounded rat by at least two days compared with the normal treatment with 12 days cure. The mechanical tests confirm the validity of the ISASE when used in extreme large deformations (e.g., stretched by up to 80% strain), which enables the conformability with the human body. The present portable and wearable ISASE demonstrates great potential for cutaneous wound healing, which constitutes an important complement to the current applications in the healthcare field.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Distal C‐H Alkenylation of Weakly Coordinating Acetamides Via Desilylation Pathway
Authors: Ramesh Vinay Bapu , Muniraj Nachimuthu , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah
Published: May 2019

Rh(III)‐Catalyzed distal ortho‐C−H alkenylation of arylacetamides have been reported employing acetamide, a weak coordinating group, as a directing group. This challenging C−H alkenylation of arylacetamides has been achieved by using arylalkynyl silanes as a surrogate for terminal alkynes under redox neutral process through desilylation pathway. The control experiments suggest that the in situ generatedRh‐species is likely to be Lewis acidic, which is playing a vital role in the desilylation step.

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Umpolung Type‐II Cyclization of Allylic Carbonate‐Aldehydes Leading to 3‐Methylenecycloalkanol Derivatives
Authors: Tsukamoto Hirokazu , Kawase Ayumu , Doi Takayuki
Published: May 2019

Palladium‐catalyzed umpolung type‐II cyclization of allylic carbonate‐aldehydes leading to 3‐methylenecycloalkanol derivatives was developed. The formate reductant was effective for the cyclization without causing a reduction of the η3‐allylpalladium intermediate. One‐pot decarboxylative allylation of aldehyde‐containing malonate with 2‐[(acetyloxy)methyl]‐2‐propenyl methyl carbonate followed by the cyclization of the allyl acetate‐aldehyde formed in situ was also achieved. The high diastereoselectivities observed in the cyclization of branched substrates indicates that a chair‐chair transition state should be involved. Based on the presumed transition state, we could predict the enantioselectivity of the cyclization using SEGPHOS as a chiral diphosphine ligand and obtain optically active alcohols in up to 95:5 er.

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Heterogeneous Chiral Diene‐Rh Complexes for Asymmetric Arylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds, Nitroalkenes, and Imines
Authors: Kuremoto Tatsuya , Yasukawa Tomohiro , Kobayashi Shū
Published: May 2019

A chiral diene ligand with tertiary alkyl amine‐derived secondary amide moiety was immobilized on cross‐linked polystyrene (PS) by radical polymerization, which was combined with Rh to form heterogeneous chiral Rh complexes (PS‐diene Rh−Cl). PS‐diene Rh−Cl catalyzed asymmetric arylation reactions of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds (ketones, esters, and amides), nitroalkenes, and imines afforded the desired products in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. PS‐diene Rh−Cl is stable in air, can be stored for several months, and can be reused more than 10 times without any reduction of either yield or enantioselectivity. We also developed a method of activation of PS‐diene Rh−Cl to generate more active species.

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Recent Developments in Integral Equation Theory for Solvation to Treat Density Inhomogeneity at Solute–Solvent Interface
Authors: Cao Siqin , Konovalov Kirill A. , Unarta Ilona Christy , Huang Xuhui
Published: May 2019

The integration equation theory (IET) provides highly efficient tools for the calculation of structural and thermodynamic properties of molecular liquids. In recent years, the 3D reference interaction site model (3DRISM), the most developed IET for solvation, has been widely applied to study protein solvation, aggregation, and drug‐receptor binding. However, hydrophobic solutes with sufficient size (>nm) can induce water density depletion at the solute–solvent interface. This density depletion is not considered in the original 3DRISM theory. The authors here review the recent developments of 3DRISM at hydrophobic surfaces and related theories to address this challenge. At hydrophobic surfaces, an additional hydrophobicity‐induced density inhomogeneity equation is introduced to 3DRISM theory to consider this density depletion. Accordingly, several new closures equations including D2 closure and D2MSA closures are developed to enable stable numerical solutions of 3DRISM equations. These newly developed theories hold great promise for an accurate and rapid calculation of the solvation effect for complex molecular systems such as proteins. At the end of the report, the authors also provide a perspective on other challenges of the IETs as an efficient solvation model.
New Perspectives on the Child‐ and Youth‐Serving Workforce in Low‐Resource Communities: Fostering Best Practices and Professional Development
Authors: Cappella Elise , Godfrey Erin B.
Published: May 2019

Highlights

Deepen and refine our understanding of workforce development across multiple settings and sectors

Provide a conceptual model of interactive ecological factors that influence professional development

Suggest a framework for further scholarship on workforce best practices in low‐resource communities
Quantitative relationships of exposure to chrysotile asbestos and mesothelioma mortality
Authors: Loomis Dana , Richardson David B. , Elliott Leslie
Published: May 2019

Background

While asbestos has long been known to cause mesothelioma, quantitative exposure‐response data on the relation of mesothelioma risk and exposure to chrysotile asbestos are sparse.

Methods

Quantitative relationships of mortality from mesothelioma and pleural cancer were investigated in an established cohort of 5397 asbestos textile manufacturing workers in North Carolina, USA. Eligible workers were those employed between 1950 and 1973 with mortality follow‐up through 2003. Individual exposure to chrysotile fibres was estimated on the basis of 3420 air samples covering the entire study period linked to work history records. Exposure coefficients adjusted for age, race, and time‐related covariates were estimated by Poisson regression.

Results

Positive, statistically significant associations were observed between mortality from all pleural cancer (including mesothelioma) and time since first exposure (TSFE) to asbestos (rate ratio [RR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06‐1.34 per year), duration of exposure, and cumulative asbestos fibre exposure (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.28 per 100 f‐years/mL; 10‐year lag). Analyses of the shape of exposure‐response functions suggested a linear relationship with TSFE and a less‐than‐linear relationship with cumulative exposure. Restricting the analysis to years when mesothelioma was coded as a unique cause of death yielded stronger but less precise associations.

Conclusions

These observations support with quantitative data the conclusion that chrysotile causes mesothelioma and encourage exposure‐response analyses of mesothelioma in other cohorts exposed to chrysotile.
Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 35 in a family from Mali
Authors: Landouré Guida , Dembélé Kékouta , Cissé Lassana , Samassékou Oumar , Diarra Salimata , Bocoum Abdoulaye , Dembélé Mohamede E. , Fischbeck Kenneth H. , Guinto Cheick O. ,   from The H3Africa Consortium
Published: May 2019

Variants in FA2H have been associated with a wide range of phenotypes including hereditary spastic paraplegia type 35 (SPG35); however, genetically confirmed cases have not been reported in Africa. We report here the first African family with a variant in the FA2H gene causing SPG35. Four affected siblings with consanguineous parents presented with walking difficulty at age 2–3 and progressive limb weakness. They became wheelchair‐bound 2 years after disease onset. Neurological examination confirmed lower greater than upper limb weakness and atrophy, brisk reflexes throughout, and spasticity with scissor legs. The patients also had choking, urinary urgency, and mental retardation. A brain MRI showed thin corpus callosum and periventricular leucodystrophy. Testing of 58 SPG genes showed a homozygous variant in FA2H at the exon 5 donor site c.786+1G>A, which has previously been shown to cause skipping of exons 5 and 6 of the gene transcript. This variant segregated with the disease in the family. This variant has been reported previously with a similar phenotype and slow progression in a population with different background. Here, we confirm its pathogenicity and expand its genetic epidemiology. Studying diverse populations may help to increase understanding of the disease mechanism and ultimately lead to therapeutic targets.
Signatures of stress: Pilot study of accentuated laminations in porcine enamel
Authors: Skinner Mark , Byra Chris
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To examine the correspondence between histology of defective enamel and documented developmental stressors using a pig proxy; with the ultimate goal of differentiating, within enamel, stressor types including birth, weaning, surgery, and social disruption.

Materials and methods

Lower first molars were removed from five female and four male domestic pigs, thin‐sectioned and examined with phase‐contrast microscopy for daily and accentuated laminations. Known stressor events include birth; processing (nonanesthetized clipping of needle teeth, tail docking, and castration) within 5 days of birth; weaning in nursery; penned vaccination 2–4 days later; transfer to grower barn; additional vaccination. Timing of accentuated laminations was derived from counts of daily laminations from birth and between accentuated laminations; or, more commonly, from measurements between accentuated laminations divided by average daily lamination width.

Results

Acknowledging our small sample, we confirm daily periodicity of laminations in pig enamel. Lamination width varies among sexes (males wider), cusps, crown decile, and enamel depth (wider toward surface). Accentuated laminations occurred at reconstructed median ages of 3.7 days after birth (cf. up to 5 days for “processing”), 19.7 days (cf. 18–25 days for weaning), 4.5 days (cf. 2–4 days for vaccination) and ~39.5 days (cf. 63 days for transfer).

Discussion

Encouragingly, the timing of known stressors (birth, surgical processing, weaning, and vaccination) can be determined with high precision, in good thin sections, from accentuated laminations in pig enamel. Timing of transfer was poorly estimated, likely reflecting lesser severity and the occurrence of undocumented stress events in the nursery.
The acetabulum as an adult age marker and the new IDADE2 (the IDADE2 web page)
Authors: Rissech Carme , Winburn Allysha P. , San‐Millán Marta , Sastre Jaume , Rocha Jairo
Published: May 2019

Objective

In 2006, an age estimation method was proposed utilizing Bayesian inference to interpret age‐progressive changes in the acetabulum. This was accompanied by the IDADE2 software to facilitate calculations. However, the MS‐DOS operating system on which the software was based became obsolete. The main goal of this article is to present the new IDADE2, which incorporates web‐based facilities.

Materials and methods

The original IDADE2 has been re‐written in R and presented as a web page. As in the original, this web page uses Bayesian inference to estimate age of unidentified individuals. The materials used to create the reference datasets of this web page include acetabular scores from documented skeletal samples from Spain (n = 24♀ and 52♂), Portugal (n = 317♀ and 294♂), and the US (n = 370♀ and 456♂).

Results

The IDADE2 website has eight sections. Six of these are informative to guide the user. The other two (Option 1 and Option 2) are dedicated to estimating age at death. Option 1 allows users to estimate the age of individual(s) in their test sample based on our reference data of acetabular scores. Option 2 allows users to estimate age from the acetabulum with their own reference and test collections or—if the users prefer—another age marker and method of choice.

Discussion

The IDADE2 website is applicable both to forensic anthropological casework on single individuals and to bioarchaeological analyses of large skeletal samples. This website is easy to use and freely accessible, responding to previous critiques and incorporating method advancements.
Future topical medications in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Miyake Michelle Menon , Bleier Benjamin S.
Published: May 2019

Background

Research has progressed rapidly in recent decades to better understand the etiopathogenesis and management paradigms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Although oral antibiotics often mitigate symptoms in acute CRS exacerbations, eradication of polymicrobial biofilms and multidrug‐resistant bacteria remains a challenge. The goal of this review is to summarize and discuss the potential and pitfalls of topical medications in the treatment of CRS.

Methods

A related literature review was performed using PubMed and Scopus, with only the English database included.

Results

The main therapies were selected and separated in sections. Details regarding future topical treatments of CRS were summarized and discussed.

Conclusion

The ease of access of the sinonasal mucosa positions CRS as a disease with high potential for local topical treatment. The ultimate adoption of topical agents will require continued expansion of our understanding of novel local targets in CRS as well as improved methods to deliver and retain the drug of interest at the site of activity.
Schwefel‐basierte Elektroden mit Mehrelektronenreaktionen für Raumtemperatur‐Natriumionenspeicherung
Authors: Wang Yun‐Xiao , Lai Wei‐Hong , Wang Yun‐Xia , Chou Shu‐Lei , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi , Cao Yuliang
Published: May 2019

Natriumspeichersysteme wie Natrium‐Ionen‐ und Raumtemperatur‐Natrium‐Schwefel‐Akkumulatoren finden als günstige Energiespeichertechniken ein zunehmendes Forschungsinteresse. Aufgrund ihrer leichten Verfügbarkeit und ihren einzigartigen chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften werden Schwefel‐basierte Materialien, vor allem Metallsulfide (MSx) und elementarer Schwefel (S), aktuell als vielversprechende Kandidaten für Natriumspeicher‐Technologien gesehen – mit hohen Kapazitäten und ausgezeichneter Redoxreversibilität. Hier präsentieren wir einen Überblick über Natriumspeichermechanismen von Schwefel‐basierten Elektrodenmaterialien, mit Schwerpunkt auf neuen Fortschritten und Strategien zur Verbesserung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit und Tolerierung von Volumenänderungen der MSx‐Anoden sowie auf Schwefelkathoden in RT‐NaS‐Batterien. Außerdem wird ein neues Konzept zur Integrierung von MSx‐Elektrokatalysatoren in konventionelle Kohlenstoffgerüste für die Herstellung polarisierter Schwefelspeicher vorgestellt. Dieser Kurzaufsatz kann als Wegweiser für potenzielle Forschungsrichtungen zur Entwicklung weiterer schwefelbasierter Materialien für künftige Na‐Speichermethoden dienen.
Lead‐Free Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Crystal Structures, Synthesis, Stabilities, and Optical Properties
Authors: Fan Qianqian , Biesold‐McGee Gill V. , Ma Jianzhong , Xu Qunna , Pan Shuang , Peng Juan , Lin Zhiqun
Published: May 2019

In recent years, there have been rapid advances in the synthesis of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) for use in solar cells, light emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. These compounds have a set of intriguing optical, excitonic, and charge transport properties, including outstanding photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and tunable optical band gap. However, the necessary inclusion of lead, a toxic element, raises a critical concern for future commercial development. To address the toxicity issue, intense recent research effort has been devoted to developing lead‐free halide perovskite (LFHP) NCs. In this Review, we present a comprehensive overview of currently explored LFHP NCs with an emphasis on their crystal structures, synthesis, optical properties, and environmental stabilities (e.g., UV, heat, and moisture resistance). In addition, strategies for enhancing optical properties and stabilities of LFHP NCs as well as the state‐of‐the‐art applications are discussed. With the perspective of their properties and current challenges, we provide an outlook for future directions in this rapidly evolving field to achieve high‐quality LFHP NCs for a broader range of fundamental research and practical applications.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Alkyl Tosylates: Stereospecific Synthesis of Amides
Authors: Sargent Brendon T. , Alexanian Erik J.
Published: May 2019

Metal‐catalyzed aminocarbonylation is a standard approach for installing amide functionality in chemical synthesis. Despite broad application of this transformation using aryl or vinyl electrophiles, there are few examples involving unactivated aliphatic substrates. Furthermore, there are no stereocontrolled aminocarbonylations of alkyl electrophiles known. Herein, we report a stereospecific aminocarbonylation of unactivated alkyl tosylates for the synthesis of enantioenriched amides. This cobalt‐catalyzed transformation uses a remarkably broad range of amines and proceeds with excellent stereospecificity and chemoselectivity.
Call for a Multidisciplinary Effort to Map the Lymphatic System with Advanced Medical Imaging Techniques: A Review of the Literature and Suggestions for Future Anatomical Research
Authors: Stouthandel Michael E. J. , Veldeman Liv , Van Hoof Tom
Published: May 2019

This review intends to rekindle efforts to map the lymphatic system by using a more modern approach, based on medical imaging. The structure, function, and pathologies associated with the lymphatic system are first discussed to highlight the need for more accurately mapping the lymphatic system. Next, the need for an interdisciplinary approach, with a central role for the anatomist, to come up with better maps of the lymphatic system is emphasized. The current approaches on lymphatic system research involving medical imaging will be discussed and suggestions will be made for an all‐encompassing effort to thoroughly map the entire lymphatic system. A first‐hand account of our integration as anatomists in the radiotherapy department is given as an example of interdisciplinary collaboration. From this account, it will become clear that the interdisciplinary collaboration of anatomists in the clinical disciplines involved in lymphatic system research/treatment still holds great promise in terms of improving clinical regimens that are currently being employed. As such, we hope that our fellow anatomists will join us in an interdisciplinary effort to map the lymphatic system, because this could, in a relatively short timeframe, provide improved treatment options for patients with cancer or lymphatic pathologies all over the world. Anat Rec, 302:1681–1695, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Wulingsan (Oryeongsan/Goreisan) ameliorate lipid metabolism of obesity rats via regulation of the plasma metabolic profiling
Authors: Xue Xin‐ru , Xue Jin‐jue , Cui Xiang , Zhang Deng‐yue , Lu Chao‐ying , Shen Yu‐meng , Jiang Shu
Published: May 2019

Objectives: Wulingsan has been used to cure disease about disorders related to fluid balance for thousands of years. The clinical practice of modern Chinese medicine has found that Wulingsan has the effect on reducing weight and fat, but its mechanism is not clear. This study investigated its effects on obesity rats and explored the underlying mechanisms by analyzing the plasma metabolic profiling. Methods: The effects of Wulingsan on obesity were evaluated with obesity rats induced by high‐fat diet. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS) was performed to discover potential biomarkers and evaluate whether Wulingsan could regulate these biomarkers. The levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL‐C), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐C) in serum were assessed by ELISA kits. Results: Remarkably, TG, TC, HDL‐C and LDL‐C in obesity rats were ameliorated after oral administration of Wulingsan. Further investigation indicated that the plasma metabolic profiles were clearly improved. Twelve potential biomarkers were identified. After intervention, these biomarkers turned back to normal level at some extent. Conclusion: The results showed that Wulingsan extract groups were normalized. Additionally, this study also showed that the metabonomics method was a promising tool to unravel how traditional Chinese medicines worked and these data can provide scientific basis for clinical application of Wulingsan.
Orthogonale Anordnung der Filigran®‐Durchstanzbewehrung
Authors: Schmidt Philipp , Furche Johannes , Bauermeister Ulrich
Published: May 2019

Die Filigran®‐Durchstanzbewehrung wurde zur Anwendung in vorgefertigten Fertigteilplatten, die mit Ortbeton zur fertigen Decke ergänzt werden, entwickelt. Die steife Verankerung und die optimierte Geometrie bewirken einen hohen maximalen Durchstanzwiderstand. Wie die parallel angeordneten, durchgehenden Gitterträger zur Montagesicherung dieser Fertigteilplatten werden auch die Durchstanzbewehrungselemente zur Vereinfachung des Einbaus parallel angeordnet. Dementsprechend wurden bereits Durchstanzversuche zur Herleitung von Bemessungs‐ und Konstruktionsregeln durchgeführt.

Zur effektiven Ausnutzung der geneigten Stäbe ist allerdings eine orthogonale Ausrichtung der Bewehrungselemente zur Stütze erstrebenswert. Untersuchungen mit anderen Durchstanzsystemen bei orthogonaler Anordnung zeigen jedoch eine Reduktion des Durchstanzwiderstands, wenn größere Plattenbereiche in den Eckbereichen zur Stütze ohne Durchstanzbewehrung verbleiben. Bei den im Beitrag beschriebenen ergänzenden Versuchen mit der Filigran®‐Durchstanzbewehrung mit orthogonal angeordneten Bewehrungselementen wurden freie Plattenbereiche durch zusätzlich angeordnete Bewehrungselemente vermieden. Die Auswertung dieser Versuche bestätigt unterschiedliche Neigungen der Durchstanzrisse abhängig von der Ausdehnung der unbewehrten Plattenbereiche. Im Rahmen der neuen Europäischen Technischen Bewertung ETA‐13/0521 wurden Abstandsregeln festgelegt, bei deren Einhaltung ein Faktor zur Erhöhung des Durchstanzwiderstands gegenüber schubunbewehrten Platten von 2,1 wie bei paralleler Gitterträgeranordnung genutzt werden kann. Die untersuchte und im Beitrag beschriebene orthogonale Anordnung bietet sich zur Anwendung in Ortbetondecken an.
Involvement of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal in pollution‐induced skin damage
Authors: Pecorelli Alessandra , Woodby Brittany , Prieux Roxane , Valacchi Giuseppe
Published: May 2019

The effects of environmental insults on human health are a major global concern. Some of the most noxious pollutants that humans are exposed to include ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM), and cigarette smoke (CS). Since the skin is the first line of defense against environmental insults, it is considered one of the main target organs for the harmful insults of air pollution. Thus, there is solid evidence that skin pathologies such as premature aging, atopic dermatitis (AD), and psoriasis are associated with pollutant exposure; all of these skin conditions are also associated with an altered redox status. Therefore, although the mechanisms of action and concentrations of O3, PM, and CS that we are exposed to differ, exposure to all of these pollutants is associated with the development of similar skin conditions due to the fact that all of these pollutants alter redox homeostasis, increasing reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress. A main product of oxidative stress, induced by exposure to the aforementioned pollutants, is 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE), which derives from the oxidation of ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. HNE is a highly reactive compound that can form adducts with cellular proteins and even DNA; it is also an efficient cell signaling molecule able to regulate mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways and the activity of redox‐sensitive transcription factors such as Nrf2, AP1, and NFκB. Therefore, increased levels of HNE in the skin, in response to pollutants, likely accelerates skin aging and exacerbates existing skin inflammatory conditions; thus, targeting HNE formation could be an innovative cosmeceutical approach for topical applications.
Visible to Near‐Infrared‐Absorbing Polymers Containing Bithiazole and 2,3‐Didodecyl‐6,7‐Difluoroquinoxaline Derivatives for Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Agneeswari Rajalingam , Kong MinSung , Lee Jihoon , Tamilavan Vellaiappillai , Lee Won‐Ki , Park Sung Heum , Jin Youngeup
Published: May 2019

Electron donor and electron acceptor materials for solution‐processable polymer solar cells (PSCs) should ideally exhibit a narrow band gap (Eg) and high solubility for improved performance. Herein, we synthesized two new near‐infrared‐absorbing alternating polymers, namely P(BTz‐FQ) and P(BTz‐DTFQ), via Stille polymerization of 4‐butoxy‐5‐(4‐butoxy‐2‐(trimethylstannyl)thiazol‐5‐yl)‐2‐(trimethylstannyl)thiazole and 5,8‐dibromo‐2,3‐didodecyl‐6,7‐difluoroquinoxaline or 5,8‐bis(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,3‐didodecyl‐6,7‐difluoroquinoxaline. The absorption spectra of P(BTz‐FQ) and P(BTz‐DTFQ) ranged from 300 to 900 nm with two distinct absorption maxima at 718 and 800 nm and 665 and 718 nm, respectively. Both polymers exhibited an identical Eg of 1.41 eV, which is the lowest value reported for quinoxaline‐based polymers to date. Their highest occupied (−5.04 and −5.09 eV) and lowest unoccupied (−3.63 and −3.68 eV) molecular orbital levels were suitable for their use as electron donors along with the fullerene derivative, [6,6]‐phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester, as the electron acceptor in PSCs. The maximum power conversion efficiencies obtained for the PSCs utilizing P(BTz‐FQ) and P(BTz‐DTFQ) were 0.51% and 0.71%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that thiazole and fluoroquinoxaline derivatives are promising materials for PSCs and other optoelectronic devices.
Exploring the firm and country determinants of the voluntary adoption of integrated reporting
Authors: Girella Laura , Rossi Paola , Zambon Stefano
Published: May 2019

Information used to manage the business and support the decision‐making of stakeholders is being subject to an evolution. In this context, traditional financial reporting is considered not sufficient anymore. This has translated into a sharp increase in the number of firms that have begun to adopt emerging reporting practices. This study aims to examine the influence that both firm‐ and country‐specific characteristics have on the voluntary uptaking of integrated reporting internationally. In order to do so, it analyses a sample of 71 international listed companies that have adopted this reporting form in 2016. The results show that firms are more likely to implement integrated reporting if they are located in countries with a higher level of corruption perception and a better risk rating and that are considered as relatively more collectivist and feminist and with a long‐term orientation. Legal system has resulted to be not significant. As for firms' characteristics, large size, profitability, market‐to‐book ratio, and the size of the board are found to be significant variables. Moreover, the results indicate that the adoption of integrated reporting is not influenced by a higher level of leverage, firm efficiency and board diversity and independence.