bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability assessment of drought over Borno State, Nigeria using geospatial technique
Authors: Baba M. , Attahiru I.M. , Musa W.A. , Zitta N. , Waziri A.M.
Published: December 2024

Nigeria is experiencing unfriendly climate condition which has a negative impact on the welfare of millions of people. The need to assess the vulnerability of drought across areas in Nigeria, especially in the Sudan and Sahel region is timely. This study investigated the effectiveness of remote sensing-based drought assessment, examined the relations between rainfall and vegetation indices and identified the most drought vulnerable areas using remote sensing (RS) and GIS in Borno State. Landsat images of years 2010, 2015 and 2020 were downloaded from USGS site. Geometric and atmospheric corrections were performed to adjust the terrain displacement and improve the reflective properties of the image data. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Condition Index (NCI) data were performed on the satellite images. Result of this study indicates NDVI, for the three epochs recorded; non-vegetation as 0.6%, 9.61% and 17.13%. Shrub/Grass was 96.6%, 82.50% and 78.34%, dense vegetation was 2.8%, 9.4% and 4.53%. The drought analyses of (NCI) recorded the following; extreme drought 2.3%, 6.06%, 9.99%, severe drought; 2.52%, 13.54%, 28.5%, Moderate drought: 69.1%, 52.6%, 41.64%, No drought: 4.34%, 3.44%, 3.34% while wet drought: 21.7%, 24.4% and 18.43%. At 95% significance level, the extreme drought indicates an increase trend pattern of about 1.8%, the moderate drought indicates a decreasing trend pattern about 9.4% while the severe drought indicated an increasing trend of about 5.3%. Climate parameters (Rainfall and temperature) were used to validate the outcome of NDVI and NCI. The findings indicated that the study area is highly prone to drought, which has affected the agricultural sector and land conservation of the state. Hence, the authority responsible for the state environment management should put in place strategies that can enhance water efficiency, improve resilience and reduce drought vulnerability.
Histochemical composition of muscles differing in physiological function from three contrasting ruminant species
Authors: Lebedová N. , Bureš D. , Needham T. , Bartoň L. , Hoffman L.C.
Published: December 2024

The utilisation of game meat contributes towards various Sustainable Development Goals; however, it is necessary to quantify and optimise game meat quality for the commercial market to ensure high and uniform product quality to ensure consumer satisfaction. Understanding the factors that impact game meat quality, like muscle fibre composition, can provide insight into the expected meat quality of certain game species and subsequently determine appropriate processing and cooking techniques. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the muscle fibre characteristics of two farmed game species and cattle. Cattle (Bos Taurus; n = 10), common eland (Tragelaphus oryx; n = 10), and fallow deer (Dama dama; n = 10) were slaughtered at approximately 18 months of age. The samples of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), triceps brachii (TB), and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles were analysed for muscle fibre composition. Cattle muscles had larger cross-sectional areas for all muscle fibre types within all muscles compared to the common eland and fallow deer muscles. The LTL of the fallow deer and eland muscles showed lower proportions of type I and higher proportions of type IIA fibres than cattle. Moreover, the proportion of type I fibres was lower in the LTL of fallow deer and eland compared to other muscles, differences that were not observed in cattle. These results may be an important indicator of changes in muscle mass that could occur in these farmed species as a result of future breeding selection.
Natural additives as a source of antioxidants improve lipid oxidation, antioxidant activity, and shelf-life of beef
Authors: Ornaghi M.G , Passetti R.A.C. , Cardoso M.A.P. , Vital A.C.P. , Do Prado R.M. , Guerrero A. , Rossoni D.F. , Do Prado I.N.
Published: December 2024

Forty young bulls were finished in feedlot with diets that contained different dosages of a combination of several natural additives (NA), i.e., clove essential oil, cashew and castor oil, and rumenprotected eugenol, vanillin, and thymol. The animals were randomized in five diets containing four different inclusion levels of NA and a control diet (n = 8 animals per treatment): basal diet without NA (CON); NA15 = 1500 mg/day; NA30 = 3000 mg/day; NA45 = 4500 mg/day, and NA60 = basal diet with 6000 mg/day of the natural additives blend. Colour, antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays), lipid oxidation, and visual acceptability were evaluated through display (until 14 d in vacuum or film packages). Both factors (diet and display) affected all parameters evaluated. The highest dosage, NA60, was able to improve the antioxidant potential, decreasing beef oxidation to produce a higher visual acceptability. The results of this research provide evidence that NA included in the diet of beef cattle can improve overall meat quality and extend shelf-life, thus, providing higher visual acceptability through the colour perception of consumers.
Effects of maternal L‑glutamine supplementation during late gestation on litter performance
Authors: Da Silva Fonseca L. , Moreira R.H.R. , Palencia J.H.P. , Lanferdini E. , Chaves R.F. , Junior S.R.S. , Gomes T.R. , Araújo L.R.S. , Levesque C.L. , De Abreu M.L.T.
Published: December 2024

To evaluate the effects of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on sow performance during late gestation and lactation and their offspring, eighty pregnant, multiparous sows of a commercial hybrid line were used in a completely randomized, 2 × 2 experimental design at the end of gestation and lactation, respectively. Females were subjected to a control diet or a Gln-supplemented diet (1% of Lglutamine) from 85 d of gestation until farrowing. During lactation, the dietary treatment groups were CON_C: without Gln supplementation; CON_G: Gln only during lactation; GLN_C: Gln only during gestation; GLN_ GLN: Gln during gestation and lactation. At 105 d of gestation, there was no statistical difference regarding the body weight of the sows, however, sows fed the Gln-supplemented diet had greater backfat thickness at P1 and loin depth at P2 than control sows. Placental weight and efficiency showed no effect between treatments. Litters born from Gln-supplemented sows tended to be heavier at birth compared to control litters, reducing the probability of piglets weighing less than 1.5 kg. In addition, litters from supplemented sows had a lower standard deviation of BW at birth. There were no effects of dietary treatments on the performance of sows and offspring during the lactation period. Maternal Gln supplementation during late gestation improved piglet weight and litter uniformity at birth without affecting sow body composition after farrowing.
Effect of chia oil addition to quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diets on growth performance, blood antioxidant status, caecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, and biomechanical properties of bones
Authors: Önk Kadir , Durna Özlem , Yıldız Gültekin , Merhan Oğuz , Elibol Fatma Kübra Erbay , Perdeci Elif Naz , Kaplan Oktay , Durna Hatice
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of chia oil supplementation in quail diets on growth performance, blood antioxidant status, caecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration, and tibia–femur biomechanical properties. A total of 180, one-day-old quail chicks were randomly divided into three groups of 60 chicks each. Each group was randomly divided into six subgroups, each containing 10 chicks. All chicks were fed a diet based on corn and soybean meal. While the control group was fed with the basal ration, the experimental groups were fed with the basal ration and were given 0.2 g/kg and 0.4 g/kg chia oil in addition to the basal ration. The use of chia oil in quails did not affect growth performance parameters. Malondialdehyde and glutathione exhibited a linear response to the increase in dietary chia oil. The superoxide dismutase value exhibited a quadratic response to chia oil use; the glutathione peroxidase value showed a linear and quadratic response to the use of chia oil. Catalase, ceruloplasmin, albumin, total protein, and globulin were not affected by the addition of chia oil. Acetic acid, propionic acid, and total SCFA were linearly affected by the graded level of chia oil. No statistical difference was found in the concentrations of butyric, isobutyric, valeric, isovaleric, isocaproic, and caproic acids and BCFA in quails fed with different levels of chia oil. Feeding a diet containing chia oil did not affect the biomechanical properties of the tibia and femur in quail. It was therefore concluded that diets containing chia oil could be used to improve antioxidant status and caecal short-chain fatty acid values in quails.
Effect of non-genetic factors on milk yield in a Romanian Spotted dual purpose breed
Authors: Neamt R.I. , Cziszter L.T. , Saplacan G. , Mihali C.V. , Mizeranschi A.E. , Saplacan S.I. , Anton A.S. , Ilie D.E.
Published: December 2024

The objective of the current study was to establish the possible impact of several non-genetic factors on milk yield. Data from 1120 lactations were collected between 2019 and 2022 regarding cows’ milk yield (MY) and 305-d MY, under the influence of year, calving season, lactation order, type of calving, and calving ease. MY proved to be influenced by the season of calving, being higher in summer (5745.5 ± 156.24 kg) compared to spring (5448.9 ± 108.1 kg) or winter (5327.35±200.6 kg). A marked influence of the rank of lactation and type of calving were found. The maximum MY was found in the 4th lactation (6211.8 ± 210.18 kg), whereas the lowest MY was recorded in the 6th lactation (5535.8 ± 116.6 kg). No substantial effects for year and calving ease were recorded (6003.71 ± 174.23 vs. 5712.14 ± 163.9 for eutocic vs. dystocic births). Season, lactation order, and twinning substantially influenced 305-d MY. In conclusion, MY and 305-d MY proved to be highly dependent on environmental and management factors. By ensuring good management practices pre- and post-partum, the farmers can maintain the milk production at a high level.
Effect of seasonal thermal stress on serum hormones, oxidative status, and immune response of periparturient dairy cows
Authors: Geng Yang , Li Tianzun , Xu Hongyang , Lu Yulai , Wu Yinga , Wang Rouqi , Luo DeYuan , Qi Zhili
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of seasonal thermal stress on serum hormones, oxidative status, and immune response of periparturient dairy cows. A total of 32 healthy Holstein dairy cows in the perinatal period with the same date of delivery were selected (eight cows per season) and housed in a free-stall barn. Different seasons corresponded to different temperature– humidity indices (THI). Regression analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between THI and rectal temperature and respiratory rate. On the day of calving, the level of progesterone and oestradiol increased and prolactin decreased substantially at a high THI. For oxidative stress biomarkers, the contents of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were substantially higher at a low THI. Glutathione peroxidase was increased at a high THI. For immune responses, the data indicated that low and high THI conditions led to an increase in interleukin-2 and interleukin-10. Low THI cows exhibited a substantially higher level of tumour necrosis factor-α before calving. Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and endocrine imbalance therefore occur in lactating dairy cows in hot summers and cold–wet winters in comparison with comfortable seasons.
Short Communication - Moderate inclusion of licuri cake (Syagrus coronate) in the diet improves the quality of meat from cull cows finished in the feedlot
Authors: Santos M. da Conceição , Da Silva F. F. , Santos L. V. , Paixão T. R. , Gomes da Silva A. P. , Dias Silva J. W. , Sanchez Duenez W. Y. , De Lima Júnior D. M. , Silva R. R.
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of licuri (Syagrus coronate) cake (LC) on the chemical composition, cholesterol content, and fatty acid profile of meat from cull cows finished in a high-grain feedlot. We used 40 Zebu cull cows of 108 months of age and with an initial weight of 318 ± 38.17 kg. The animals were distributed into four treatments in a completely randomized design: control (0 g/kg LC), 50, 100, and 150 g/kg LC in the total dry matter of the total diet, and were confined for 105 d. The inclusion of LC influenced the content of total lipids and total cholesterol of the beef. The inclusion of LC influenced the concentrations of fatty acids (C12:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, and C17:1) in the meat of cull cows. There was an effect of the inclusion of LC on the fatty acids C18:2n6t, C18:2n6, and C18:3n3 of the meat of cull cows finished in the feedlot. The inclusion of up to 50 g/kg LC in the diet of cows provided lower values for the sum (Σ) of saturated fatty acids and higher values for Σ monounsaturated fatty acids in the meat. The Σ polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased with the inclusion of LC in the diet. We recommend using up to 50 g/kg of licuri cake inclusion in the diet of cull cows finished in the feedlot.
Oyster mushroom bioprocessing enhances the nutritional value of olive pomace for ruminants
Authors: Mnisi C. M. , Kunene S. I. , Soko N. N. , Egbu C. F. , Mlambo V.
Published: December 2024

Incorporating olive pomace (OP) into ruminant feed can alleviate the environmental impact of OP disposal, minimize food–feed competition, and bolster food security. However, high fibre and low crude protein (CP) reduce its nutritional value for ruminants. The study assessed the effect of oyster mushrooms (OYM) on the nutritive value of OP. To this end, chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters of spent OP substrate were evaluated. The OYM was spawned on 200 g OP at the rate of 0 (OP0), 10 (OP10), 20 (OP20), 30 (OP30), 40 (OP40), and 50% w/w (OP50) and cultivated for 35 d with 10 replicate pots per spawning rate. Dry matter, organic matter, CP, and ash increased linearly, whereas neutral detergent fibre and crude fat declined linearly. In vitro cumulative gas production at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h showed a positive quadratic response. Spawning rates linearly enhanced the immediately fermentable fraction (a) and rate of gas production from the slowly fermentable fraction (c), while the partitioning factor increased linearly. Positive quadratic responses were noted for the slowly fermentable fraction, potential gas production, effective gas production, and in vitro organic matter degradation at 96 h of ruminal incubation. In conclusion, OYM enhanced the nutritive value of OP by reducing fibre content, a, and c fractions while improving CP content and fermentation efficiency. This approach facilitates the bioconversion of OP into sustainable ruminant feed, leading to lower feed costs, addressing waste disposal issues, and creating supplementary income for the olive oil industry.
The effect of various additives to vetch forage silage on in vitro digestibility values and feed quality
Authors: Gürsoy E. , Kaya A. , Kaya A. , Ayaşan T.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding pomace (peach, apricot) and molasses in different proportions to vetch feed on the digestibility values and relative feed quality of the silage. The forage was wilted before being chopped into pieces approximately 2–3 cm in length. Fruit and molasses were added to the silage. Treatment groups included: 0 + vetch (control), 2% peach + vetch, and 4% peach + vetch, 2% apricot + vetch, 4% apricot + vetch, and 2% molasses + vetch, and 4% molasses + vetch. A total of 42 samples of silage (7 × 6 in parallel) were prepared. The silages were kept in vacuum bags for 60 days (at 25 °C). The data were subjected to variance analysis. When reducing the additives, the content of ether extract, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent lignin decreased, but Fleig score increased. The highest values of in vitro gas production, CH4, organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, and net energy for lactation in the silage were obtained with a 2% apricot additive. The addition of 4% molasses to the feed increased the relative feed and relative forage quality values. The addition of fruit and molasses to vetch silage can improve feed quality.
Effect of safflower oil supplementation in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diets on growth performance, blood antioxidant status, caecal short-chain fatty acid content, and biomechanical properties of bones
Authors: Kaplan O. , Durna Ö. , Yıldız G. , Merhan O. , Önk K. , Ayaşan T. , Elibol K. E. , Durna H.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of safflower oil supplementation in quail diets on growth performance, blood antioxidant status, caecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, and tibia–femur biomechanical properties. A total of 180 one-day-old quail chicks were randomly divided into three groups, each containing 60 chicks. Each group was randomly divided into six subgroups, each containing 10 chicks. All chicks were fed a diet based on corn and soybean meal. The control group was fed the basal ration and experimental groups were fed the basal ration plus 0.5% and 2% safflower oil. The use of safflower oil in quails did not affect the growth performance parameters. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase exhibited a linear response to the addition of safflower. Ceruloplasmin, albumin, total protein, and globulin were not affected by the addition of safflower oil. Acetic acid and SCFA were linearly associated with safflower oil content. There were no statistical differences in propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric, isovaleric, isocaproic, and caproic acids and BCFA in quails fed different percentages of safflower oil. Feeding a diet containing safflower oil did not affect the biomechanical properties of the tibia and femur in quails. It was concluded that diets containing safflower oil can be used to improve antioxidant status and caecal short-chain fatty acid content in quails.
Anti-oxidative stress system cooperating with IgA promotes the low temperature adaptation of Rongchang piglets
Authors: Chai J. , Yan Z. , Long X. , Zhang T. , Wang J. , Wu X. , Tu Z. , Guo Z. , Wu P. , Chen L.
Published: December 2024

Young animals are more susceptible to temperature; mild cold stress results in body damage and decreased productivity. Some studies have demonstrated that minor damage caused by hypothermia can be self-recovering, but this mechanism remains to be explored. Thirty Rongchang piglets were randomly divided into a control group (N = 15, temperature = 22.80–25.70 °C, humidity = 46– 66%) and a cold stress group (N = 15, temperature = 13.20–16.20 °C, humidity = 77–93 %) and were fed normal diets for 30 days. Blood samples were collected on 15th and 30th days to detect immune system and oxidative stress indicators. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde content in the serum of Rongchang piglets increased by 50%, 110%, and 30% in the cold stress group. The interleukin and immunoglobulins in serum in the cold stress group were lower than those in the control group. However, the levels of IgA, glutathione peroxidase, and CAT gradually recovered with the extension of the cold treatment time. Mild cold stress leads to liver damage and decreased immunity and the development of oxidative stress in Rongchang piglets. However, Rongchang piglets achieve cold acclimation via the synergistic effects of immune regulation involving IgA and the involvement of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in hydrogen peroxide catabolism. This study provides the theoretical and experimental basis for exploring cold adaptation in Rongchang piglets.
Egg shelf life, welfare, and physiological responses in jumbo quail hens fed a diet containing raw or heat-treated cassava tuber meal
Authors: Gazi A. , Mnisi C.M.
Published: December 2024

The study assessed the effect of total replacement of maize with raw or heat-treated cassava tuber meal (CTM) on egg shelf life, welfare indicators, and physiological and carcass traits of laying jumbo quail hens. Two hundred and forty, six-week-old quail hens (191 ± 16.60 g initial body weight) were reared in 60 cages (four hens/cage) to produce 12 replicates per dietary treatment. The diets were a standard layer diet (CON) and CON where maize was completely replaced with raw (CTMR), autoclaved (CTMA), boiled (CTMB), and oven-dried CTM (CTMO). On day 5 of storage, birds on CON produced eggs with the highest breaking strength and the lowest was from CTMR group. Similarly, birds fed CTMR had the lowest albumen height on day 5. On day 10, eggs from birds on CTMA had the lowest albumen pH and the highest was from CON. There were no dietary effects on egg weight, yolk height, haemato-biochemical parameters, and visceral morphometry of the hens. A Kruskal–Wallis H test revealed no treatment effects on gait and feather scores but showed an effect on latency-to-lie test. Birds fed CON had larger carcass weights than those fed CTMR and CTMB. Diet CON caused lower 24-h breast meat pH than CTMB. Although hens fed with the maize-control diet showed optimal egg quality and carcass performance, autoclaving and oven-drying treatments were more effective than the raw or boiled CTM treatments. The treatments did not compromise welfare, blood parameters, or visceral morphometry of the hens.
Effects of functional additives on production and economic performance of heavy and light bodyweights of nursery piglets
Authors: Guan R. , Qian X.R. , Chen J. , Li K.Z. , Li F.J. , Jiang F.T. , Huang H. , Jiang P. , Li X.W.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seven different types of additives on the production performance and economic benefits of piglets at the nursery stage. A total of 2806 piglets, at ~21 days of age, were selected and divided into a high-bodyweight (H) group (> 6.5 kg) and a lowbodyweight (L) group (<6.0 kg) based on the weaned bodyweight (BW). Each group was further subdivided into seven additive groups and a control group. The control group was provided with basal diet, while the additive groups received the corresponding functional additives for either 15 or 30 d. Data collection continued until the end of the nursery stage (on the 45th day of the trial, at 70 d of age). Any single additive did not substantially improve the gained BW in nursery piglets. Overall, sex did not result in any BW differences at any time points. Supplementing feed with additives for 30 d led to better results in terms of production performance and economics for both H and L groups compared to 15 d, particularly with the fermented traditional Chinese medicine (additive VI). In comparison to the control group, the beneficial differences in the H group was more than double that observed in the L group. In summary, supplementing with functional additives for 30 d has potential to improve the production performance and economic benefits of nursery piglets, especially high-bodyweight piglets.
Increasing the nutritive value of a rice straw-based diet using mulberry and Leucaena to promote the growth performance of lambs
Authors: Yulistiani D. , Jelan Z.A. , Liang J.B. , Yaakub H. , Norhani A. , Saputra F.
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substituting urea and rice bran with mulberry or a mixture of mulberry and Leucaena in the diet on growth rate, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen fermentation, estimated methane production, and rumen microbial protein synthesis in lambs fed a basal diet of urea-treated rice straw. The experiment consisting of three supplement treatments with six replications was arranged in a randomized block design. Eighteen lambs with an initial body weight of 14.4 ± 3.35 kg were used. The three supplement treatments were (i) urea–rice bran (UR) comprising 38.5% of the diet, (ii) mulberry foliage comprising 30% of the diet as UR substitution (Mb), and (iii) a mixture of mulberry–Leucaena foliage in a 1:1 ratio comprising 30% of the diet as UR substitution (MbL). All lambs were fed a basal diet of urea-treated rice straw, and the diets were formulated with iso-energy and iso-protein content. Substituting urea rice bran with either mulberry foliage or a mixture of mulberry–Leucaena foliage yielded similar effects on urinary and faecal nitrogen excretions, nitrogen retention, rumen fermentation, microbial nitrogen yield, and the average daily gain of lambs (71.4 g/day). Both the mulberry and the mulberry–Leucaena mixture supplements exhibited higher dry matter intake by 15.4% and 9.9% and neutral detergent fibre digestibility by 17.5% and 14.5%, respectively, compared to urea–rice bran supplementation. These findings indicate that mulberry or a mixture of mulberry–Leucaena foliage is a promising alternative to replace urea–rice bran in improving the nutritional values of the rice straw basal diet for sheep.
Growth performance and meat quality of Cobb 500 broilers fed phytase- and tannase-treated, sorghum-based diets
Authors: Magaya R.P. , Mutibvu T. , Nyahangare E.T , Ncube S.
Published: December 2024

act This study aimed to evaluate the effects of phytase and tannase addition in broiler diets on the growth performance and meat quality of broilers fed sorghum-based diets. Twelve experimental diets were formulated at three sorghum levels (0, 50, and 100%) and four enzyme levels (no enzyme, 5000 FTU phytase, 25 TU tannase, and a combination of 5000 FTU phytase + 25 TU tannase). Data on voluntary feed intake, average weekly weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were recorded and used to assess growth performance. Technical and nutritional parameters were used to determine meat quality. Broilers fed total sorghum diets with phytase and tannase enzyme combination had the highest feed intake in the first (24.4 ± 0.04 g/bird/day) and second weeks of life (23.0 ± 1.06 g/bird/day), respectively. Complete sorghum diets with phytase (83.0 ± 0.88 g/bird/day) and tannase (122.0 ± 0.88 g/bird/day) showed the highest feed intake in the third and fourth weeks, respectively. Broilers fed 50% sorghum diets with tannase (135.3 ± 0.05 g/bird/day) and complete maize diets with phytase (158.1 ± 0.88 g/bird/day) had the highest feed intake during weeks five and six, respectively. Broilers fed a 50% sorghum diet without enzymes showed the highest weight gain in the final week (606.5 ± 32.39 g). Comparable feed conversion was observed in birds fed complete maize and 50% sorghum diets. Dietary treatment substantially influenced the live body, carcass, liver, kidneys, abdominal fat pad weight, and intestinal length. However, it did not affect nutritional and technical parameters or Pectoralis major meat.
Biochemical parameters of cedar (Mezla) honey
Authors: Gül A.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of cedar honey, which is an important honeydew honey produced on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The geographical classification of the honey was determined by applying carbon isotope, honey colour, aromatic compound, antioxidant activity, antibacterial minimum inhibitory concentration values, and physicochemical analyses to 16 samples collected from four regions. The investigation encompassed measurements of δ13C values for both protein and raw honey, obtaining the respective isotopic compositions of -25.48% and -26.67%. Diastase activity (17.9 DN), electrical conductivity (1.52 mS/cm), hydroxymethylfurfural (2.54 mg/kg), moisture (17.5%), pH (4.96), proline (347 mg/kg), free acidity (35 meq/kg), fructose (35.5 g/100 g), glucose (29.7 g/100 g), and sucrose (0.58 g/100 g) were determined. The L*, a*, and b* values were measured as 43.76 ± 4.52, 3.48 ± 1.82, and 49.31± 8.39, respectively. The total phenolic content (TP), DPPH, and FRAP were determined as 68.43 mg/100g GAE, 30.529 mg/ml, and 0.00422 ppm AAE, respectively. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae displayed minimum inhibitory effects of 70%, 80%, and 80%, respectively. All samples exhibited cedar honey (honeydew) properties and all physicochemical parameters met the criteria set by regulatory standards for honeydew.
A bibliometric analysis of brucellosis research (1991–2022): Research trends and hotspots
Authors: Farooq M. , Khan A.U. , El-Adawy H. , Melzer F. , Neubauer H. , Khan I. , Ho Y.-S.
Published: December 2024

Brucellosis is an important, highly contagious, bacterial zoonotic disease that has economic and public health implications. It is caused by various Brucella species with a wide host range including livestock, wildlife, other terrestrial animals, and humans. Despite the availability of a huge number of publications on brucellosis, no comprehensive bibliometric analysis discussing research trends has been published. Bibliometric studies are important tools to highlight research trends and outputs of the relevant discipline. The current study aimed to highlight the research trends of published brucellosis data (9,022 articles published 1991–2022) from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The relevant data were obtained for the keywords “Brucella”, “brucellae”, and “brucellosis” and highlight the most research-active countries, institutions, authors, publications, journals, and disciplines. The articles focusing on brucellosis were predominantly published in journals categorized under veterinary sciences, followed by microbiology and infectious diseases. The United States emerged as the leading contributor to brucellosis research articles. The University of Navarra, Spain, and the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) stood out as the most prolific institutions in this field. The word cluster analysis indicated emerging brucellosis research areas including the development of diagnostic assays, host range (humans, cattle, small ruminants, rodents), and Brucella species (B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis and B. ovis). This review indicates the research landscape and future hotspots in brucellosis research that will promote sharing of knowledge and initiate collaborative research under the umbrella of “One Health”.
Assessment of solar power-assisted cooling system for heat stress management in HF Deoni crossbred cows
Authors: Gowtham  , Prakash K. V. , Sreedhara J.N. , Shirwal S. , Maski D. , Srinivasa Reddy G.V. , Sushilendra  , Raghavendra V.
Published: December 2024

A solar power-assisted system was developed and installed to create optimum, healthy environmental conditions inside the animal house. An improved animal house of 48 m2 including a manger and urine collection system was selected. The developed system consists of two solar panels of 37 watts each with a DC motor coupled with a pump, four-way foggers, battery (12 V, 22 Ah), charge controller, digital timer, pressure gauge, and water tank (200 L). The assessment of the developed cooling system was carried out by measuring AT (air temperature), RH (relative humidity), THI (temperature–humidity index), and RT (rectal temperature) using 6, 12, and 18 foggers at three different heights of 2.25, 2.5, and 2.75 m with 2, 4, and 6 min operational time intervals. The AT, RH and THI were strongly influenced by the fogger cooling system, wherein AT was lowered by 9.2–2.6 °C and RH was increased from 13–47% inside the animal house. The minimum rectal temperature of 38.11 °C and THI 81.71% was recorded at 18 foggers installed at a height of 2.75 m with a 4 min operational time interval. Therefore, the installed solar power-assisted cooling system for fogging water created an optimum cooling effect inside the animal house.
Animal welfare practices in livestock farms from the perspective of veterinarians: Northeast Anatolia region in Turkiye
Authors: Ayvazoğlu Demir P. , Koç Gültekin A.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the opinions of veterinarians providing clinical services in the northeast Anatolia region regarding the compliance of enterprises in the region with animal welfare standards. A survey was sent to veterinarians working in the region, and 82 participants provided feedback on a voluntary basis. The survey questions were designed using the principles of "Animal Welfare" and the "Animal Needs Index," and the prepared questionnaire consisted of five main headings: "good nutrition, good shelter, appropriate behaviour, good care, and good health." Closedended questions were used with a five-point Likert scale to determine the views of veterinarians and thoughts on practices related to animal welfare in the region. According to the perceptions of veterinarians, enterprises in the region were considered "somewhat appropriate" in terms of animal welfare criteria for care, feeding, animal behaviour, and health practices. However, it was observed that enterprises were not compliant with animal welfare criteria in terms of shelter flooring, bedding, ventilation, appropriate rations, silage use, body-udder hygiene, vaccine-parasite-drug-herd management, and some diseases. It was determined that a substantial portion of livestock enterprises in the region faced difficulties in implementing animal welfare criteria. In this context, it is believed that addressing the current deficiencies of enterprises, increasing support and incentives to enhance animal welfare, and providing technical assistance to breeders will help overcome the challenges. It is important for veterinarians to inform and guide breeders regarding animal welfare practices within the framework of the breeder–veterinarian relationship.
Nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in growing pigs fed a 10% Macadamia integrifolia nut oil cake diet supplemented with exogenous enzymes
Authors: Rambau Q. , Mikasi M. , Fushai F.
Published: December 2024

The study tested a 10% dietary inclusion of Macadamia nut oil cake (MOC) fortified with exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in growing pigs. The diets included a commercial maize–soybean pig grower control and a 10% MOC diluted iso-nutrient mix, each with a duplicate supplemented with 500 g/tonne of an enzyme cocktail containing 3000 FTU g-1 6-phytase (IUB 3e1.3.26), 7270 U g-1 endo-1 ,4-beta-xylanase (EC-3.2.1.8), 300 U g-1 alpha amylase (EC-3.2.1.1), 6000 g-1 subtilisin protease (EC-3.4.21.62), and 532 U g-1 endo-1 ,4-beta-glucanase (IUB 3.2.1.6). Eight male Large White × Landrace 28-day-old weaned piglets were randomly assigned to the four diets in a 2 ×2 factorial experiment within two balanced 4 × 4 Latin squares for cross-over feeding over 8-day periods (3-d adaptation + 5-d feed intake) and total faecal and urine measurement. The digestibility of proximate and detergent fibre components, the nitrogen intake, faecal and urinary excretion; and the calculated total excretion, apparent digestibility, absorption, retention, utilization, and biological value of the dietary protein were evaluated. The 10% inclusion reduced dietary crude protein digestibility and the scaled live (g.kg-1 live weight) and metabolic (g/day/kg LW0.75) nitrogen retention. Scaled on live weight, the 10% MOC diet reduced nitrogen retention only when the diets contained exogenous enzymes. Further research is recommended to test the enzymes at a higher dosage or evaluate different enzyme activities.
Assessing parallel testing to improve detection of bovine tuberculosis at a slaughterhouse in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Maqsood Rubab , Rehman Abdul , Rashid Hamad Bin , Awan Farhat Nazir , Gill Shakera Sadiq , Arshad Nimra , Akram Rafia , Jabeen Chanda , Umbreen Gulshan , Sarwar Mobeen , Chaudhry Mamoona
Published: December 2024

The current study was designed to evaluate the reliability of the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) as a screening test compared to intensive post-mortem inspection using agreement analyses. This study also aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) among bovines presented for slaughter in the largest abattoir in Lahore, Pakistan. After antimortem inspection, a total of 102 animals were randomly selected for sample and data collection. Selected animals were slaughtered and a thorough post-mortem examination was done for all carcasses to find TB-like lesions. Blood samples were processed by IGRA. Prevalence estimates were generated and Cohen’s Kappa test was done for agreement analyses to compare the reliability of the two tests for bTB diagnosis. A substantial agreement (κ = 0.79) was estimated between the IGRA and intensive post-mortem inspection. The apparent prevalence was computed as 5.88% (95% CI; 2.59–11.97) and the true prevalence was estimated as 3.92% (95% CI; 1.35–9.47). A parallel testing strategy with IGRA and intensive post-mortem inspection is a useful approach for screening bTB.
Broiler performance on maize (Zea mays)–cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) diets fortified with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal
Authors: Muleya T.T. , Bhebhe E. , Fushai F.
Published: December 2024

Effects of incorporating full-fat Black Soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFLM) in 4-d sprouted cowpea-based grower and finisher broiler diets were evaluated in broilers. Chicks were raised in an open deep litter facility; 360 Ross 308 chicks started (0–21 days) on a commercial starter diet. In week two, the chicks were divided by sex into 30 steel-framed pens (2.16 m2 ) and randomly assigned to five grower (22–35 d) and finisher (36–42 days) maize-based groups: commercial; soyabean, sprouted cowpeas with no BSFLM; sprouted cowpeas, low fat, with 5% BSFLM; sprouted cowpeas, high fat, with 5% BSFLM; and sprouted cowpeas with 10% BSFLM. Weekly pen feed intake, live weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were evaluated, with carcass measurements at 42 d. During the grower phase, broilers on commercial feed outperformed those on cowpea diets in growth and feed conversion. In the finisher phase, broilers on commercial feed had higher feed intake than those on sprouted cowpeas with 10% BSFLM. Broilers on commercial feed had higher feed intake, weight gain, and slaughter weights, and better feed conversion. Male broilers had higher feed intake during the grower phase and gained more weight during finishing. The 10% BSFLM reduced meat drip loss. BSFLM increased liver size and abdominal fat, especially in females, with an inverse effect on breast meat yield. BSFLM improved the efficacy of the sprouted-cowpea diets. Broiler performance followed the order commercial feed > sprouted cowpeas, 10% BSFLM > sprouted cowpeas, high-fat, 5% BSFLM > sprouted cowpeas, low-fat, 5% BSFLM > non-supplemented sprouted cowpea diet.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Justice-Involved Individuals and Executive Function Consequences on Transition and Reintegration into the Community
Authors:   , Randerson Alaina
Published: December 2024

The United States has the highest documented incarceration rate in the world (Carson, 2022), with an increasing number of justice-involved individuals (JII) potentially affected by mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Despite the high prevalence of mTBIs in the general population, limited research exists on the prevalence and impact of mTBIs in JII. Preliminary evidence suggests that the prevalence of mTBIs in incarcerated individuals is 50 times higher than in the general public (Siegler et al., 2017). This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of JII with mTBI, focusing on the origin of mTBIs, executive dysfunction, and the occupational barriers faced during the transition and reentry process. A mixed-methods, descriptive phenomenological approach was utilized to capture data from six study participants who were formerly incarcerated. Quantitative measures included demographics, comorbidity and social determinants of health survey (SDoH), the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ), and the Executive Skills Profile (ESP). Qualitative data was gathered via the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identifier (OSU TBI-ID) and a 15-question semi-structured interview. Results indicate that JII experience several compounding disparities including socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and social determinants of health that are further exacerbated by persistent post-concussional symptoms and executive dysfunctions. This research demonstrated how mTBI and associated executive dysfunction complicate interactions for both those who have the injury and for professionals in the criminal legal system. Ultimately, it is in the best interest of all parties involved to create a justice system that is responsive and inclusive to mTBI.
O difícil disfarce da dor: humor e memória do terror
Authors: Augusto Carneiro Costa Carlos
Published: December 2024

As reflexões presentes neste livro partem da ideia de que a produção cultural brasileira que se dedica a tematizar a violência da Ditadura Militar (1964-1985) costuma fazer uso de diversas estratégias representacionais. Uma delas se dá pelo emprego do humor. O problema é que humor e violência são, do ponto de vista ético, inconciliáveis. O riso produzido a partir de episódios de violência e seus impactos sobre a vítima pode ser configurado como inescrupulosa agressão e desrespeito à dor e ao sofrimento alheios. Assim, chama a atenção o fato de Verissimo ter sido condecorado com a “Medalha Chico Mendes de Resistência”, concedida pelo Grupo Tortura Nunca Mais a pessoas que lutam contra a violação de direitos humanos. Como pode um escritor que “brinca” com coisas sérias ser agraciado com tal medalha? Em que medida o riso diante da dor e sofrimento dos outros pode ser eticamente aceito e legitimado como crítica à violência de Estado?
Intradural sequestration of lumbar disc herniation with cranial migration: a case report
Authors: Evzikov Grigoriy Yu. , Bashlachev Mikhail G. , Gaydash Maksim I.
Published: December 2024

Intradural herniation of the intervertebral disc (IHID) is extremely rare. There are only a few reports of cranial migration of an intradural fragment of a sequestered disc herniation.

Clinical case. A 51-year-old patient who had previously undergone two operations at L5–S1 and L4–L5 levels was admitted to the hospital with complaints of low back pain with radiation to both legs, numbness in the perineum and inner surface of the thighs, urinary retention, constipation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 30 mm mass located at the level of the L3 vertebral body, within the dural sac and filling its entire transverse diameter. The cauda equina nerve roots were compressed. Surgery was performed: the herniated sequestrum (30×10×10 mm) was separated from the nerve roots fixed to it and removed. After surgery, sensation in the buttocks and inner thighs returned, and urinary urge appeared. Rehabilitation is ongoing.

Discussion. In most cases, IHID is diagnosed intraoperatively. In the presented case, the genesis of the formation remained unclear before surgery, so a laminectomy approach was chosen, which allowed for extensive revision of the intradural space, thorough radiculolysis, and identification of the cranial migration of the sequestrated disc herniation. The only effective treatment for IHID is surgery.
The Influence of Bank Risk and Bank Internal Factors on Stock Prices in the Indonesian Banking Industry
Authors: Prakoso Sasmito W. Rico , Wijaya W Richy , Zulfiqar Faisal Labib
Published: December 2024

This study examines the influence of risk and internal bank factors on banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Banking risk is measured by Non-Performing Loans, while internal bank factors such as Book to Market Ratio, Return on Equity, Price/Earnings to Growth Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Earnings per Share, Bank Size, and Institutional Ownership Percentage are tested through panel data regression to determine their effect on stock price changes in 37 conventional banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2022. Based on Model Selection Test, the Fixed Effect Model was found to be the most appropriate model for testing. The results of the study conclude that non-performing loans, book to market ratio, earnings per share, and bank size have a negative and significant impact on stock prices. Meanwhile, return on equity, price/earnings to growth ratio, debt to equity ratio, and institutional ownership do not affect stock prices. This study provides a broader overview of the factors influencing stock prices in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Therefore, in maximizing their stock prices, banking companies need to pay attention to factors that significantly affect stock prices.
Equipamentos de memórias para democracia no território urbano: Buenos Aires e São Paulo em 2024
Authors: Ferreira Otávio Dias de Souza
Published: December 2024

A partir da abordagem de política comparada, do olhar para o território urbano e do pressuposto normativo preocupado com o aprofundamento da democracia, pretende-se analisar as atividades desenvolvidas pelos equipamentos para promoção de memória para a democracia em duas grandes cidades do Cone Sul no primeiro semestre de 2024. O esforço inicial traz breves delimitações conceituais e metodológicas sobre a natureza de políticas e dos equipamentos estudados. A análise de fundo serve-se de contribuições interdisciplinares para suscitar reflexões sobre o contexto de construção, a localização e o funcionamento dos equipamentos no território urbano, a partir do avanço do processo democrático político envolvendo o Estado e a sociedade. Consideram-se as construções institucionais, o potencial de difusão das mensagens, as experiências proporcionadas nos espaços, o envolvimento dos atores sociais e a interação cultural.
Epigenetisches Immunmonitoring: Alternative zur Durchflusszytometrie?
Authors: Michalska Jessica , Olek Sven , Olek Nico
Published: December 2024

Seit vielen Jahren werden durchflusszytometrische Methoden für das zelluläre Immunmonitoring eingesetzt. Das epigenetische Immunmonitoring kann Aufschluss darüber geben, welche Gene in einer Zelle aus- bzw. angeschaltet sind. In bestimmten Situationen könnte sie die aufwendigere Durchflusszytometrie in Zukunft ersetzen.
The Effect of Rasaj Bhav (Nutritional Factor) on the Structural Changes in Garbha
Authors:   M.D. (Ayu.), Ph.D Scholar - PG Dept of Rachana Sharir, Rhishikul Campus, Uttrakhand Ayurved University.
Published: December 2024

Ancient acharya of ayurveda has given great emphasize on intake of aahara-ras as best source for nourishment that play prime role in growth and development of embryo/foetus during pregnancy. To achieve a healthy progeny, ayurvedic science have illuminated wholesome regimen, that should be follow by the parents before and after conception. They have also elucidate about six specific procreating factors- Shad bhav (matruja, pitruja, atmaja, rasaja, satmyaja and satwaja) which are responsible for the growth of embryo. Among six factors rasaja bhava plays an important role in providing nutrition to the foetus. The concept of Upasneha, Upasweda, Ambu, Apara and Nabhinadi are involved in nourishment of embryo/foetus at different stages of development. Anceint science have drawn attention to certain food habits (aahar ras vikriti), to be avoided by the pregnant woman to refrain from abnormalities, deformities in the offspring. The concept of nutrition (aahar ras-rasaj bhav) in garbhini explained in ancient classics