bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the multi-state system under a run shock model
Authors: Ozkut Murat , Kan Cihangir , Franko Ceki
Published: February 2024

A system experiences random shocks over time, with two critical levels, d1 and d2, where $d_{1} \lt d_{2}$. k consecutive shocks with magnitudes between d1 and d2 partially damaging the system, causing it to transition to a lower, partially working state. Shocks with magnitudes above d2 have a catastrophic effect, resulting in complete failure. This theoretical framework gives rise to a multi-state system characterized by an indeterminate quantity of states. When the time between successive shocks follows a phase-type distribution, a detailed analysis of the system’s dynamic reliability properties such as the lifetime of the system, the time it spends in perfect functioning, as well as the total time it spends in partially working states are discussed.
Building languages: Estonian–English two-year-old bilingual’s reliance on patterns in code-mixed utterances
Authors: Baird Piret
Published: February 2024

This paper examines patterns in an Estonian–English bilingual child’s spontaneous speech, employing a computational application of the traceback method, which is used in usage-based linguistics. Forty-five hours of data were analyzed to check what proportion of patterns from code-mixed utterances are attested in the child’s monolingual data and in her input. Pattern overlap between the child’s and the caregivers’ speech was also examined. Results show that about one-third of code-mixed utterances can be traced back to the child’s input and one-third also to her own monolingual data. A little over half of the child’s utterances are either chunks or frame-and-slot patterns from the caregivers’ speech. These results make it evident that the traceback method can also be applied to language pairs that are genealogically more distant, though limitations exist.
Rights and Wrongs in Talk of Mind-Reading Technology
Authors: Rainey Stephen
Published: February 2024

This article examines the idea of mind-reading technology by focusing on an interesting case of applying a large language model (LLM) to brain data. On the face of it, experimental results appear to show that it is possible to reconstruct mental contents directly from brain data by processing via a chatGPT-like LLM. However, the author argues that this apparent conclusion is not warranted. Through examining how LLMs work, it is shown that they are importantly different from natural language. The former operates on the basis of nonrational data transformations based on a large textual corpus. The latter has a rational dimension, being based on reasons. Using this as a basis, it is argued that brain data does not directly reveal mental content, but can be processed to ground predictions indirectly about mental content. The author concludes that this is impressive but different in principle from technology-mediated mind reading. The applications of LLM-based brain data processing are nevertheless promising for speech rehabilitation or novel communication methods.
Therapeutic Puppetry as a Drama-Therapy Intervention for People Living with Dementia
Authors: Harel Dovrat
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This case study examines a therapeutic puppetry project conducted by a drama therapist in a dementia unit at a daycare center in Israel. Three people with dementia and three drama-therapy students participated. The intervention included three genres of puppetry. A qualitative case study was conducted following the project. The students’ and the therapist’s records and the photos of the puppetry were analyzed according to the case study design. Four themes were generated: (1) Puppetry encourages the flow of creativity; (2) puppetry encourages self-expression and authenticity; (3) puppetry supports memory and the sequence of the therapeutic process; (4) puppetry leads to a transformation of the inner experience. The findings point to the contribution of the project for people with dementia.
10 Things You Should Not Forget When Adapting a Test Into Spanish
Authors: Rosas Ricardo , Pizarro Marcelo , Espinoza Victoria
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Adapting a test from one language to another is no easy task. The literal translation of the items is certainly not enough since the meanings and references change from one language to another. In the case of Spanish adaptations, the problem becomes even more complex, as there are many varieties of Spanish, almost as many as Spanish-speaking countries. This article presents 10 tips for adapting tests to Spanish regarding the morphological, syntactic, and pragmatic elements that should be considered when adapting an instrument to Spanish. These tips are based on experience with the adaptation of various instruments, such as the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WISC-III, WAIS-IV, and WISC-V) and the Big Five from English, and the ELFE scale, MARKO-D, and the Berlin Intelligence Test from German.
Transient and Steady‐State Friction in Non‐Isobaric Conditions
Authors: Barbot Sylvain
Published: February 2024

The frictional properties of faults control the initiation and propagation of earthquakes and the associated hazards. Although the ambient temperature and instantaneous slip velocity controls on friction in isobaric conditions are increasingly well understood, the role of normal stress on steady‐state and transient frictional behaviors remains elusive. The friction coefficient of rocks exhibits a strong dependence on normal stress at typical crustal depths. Furthermore, rapid changes in normal stress cause a direct effect on friction followed by an evolutionary response. Here, we derive a constitutive friction law that consistently explains the yield strength of rocks from atmospheric pressure to gigapascals while capturing the transient behavior following perturbations in normal stress. The model explains the frictional strength of a variety of sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks and the slip‐dependent response upon normal stress steps of Westerly granite bare contact and synthetic gouges made of quartz and a mixture of quartz and smectite. The nonlinear normal stress dependence of the frictional resistance may originate from the distribution of asperities that control the real area of contact. The direct and transient effects may be important for induced seismicity by hydraulic fracturing or for naturally occurring normal stress perturbations within fault zones in the brittle crust.
Reflections on a Century of Extreme Heat Event‐Related Mortality Reporting in Canada
Authors: Yoon Liv , Richardson Gregory R. A. , Gorman Melissa
Published: February 2024

Climate change is causing more frequent and severe extreme heat events (EHEs) in Canada, resulting in significant loss of life. However, patterns across mortality reporting for historical EHEs have not been analyzed. To address this gap, we studied deaths in Canadian EHEs from 1936 to 2021, identifying trends and challenges. Our analysis revealed inconsistencies in mortality data, discrepancies between vulnerable populations identified, difficulties in determining the cause of death, and inconsistent reporting on social vulnerability indicators. We provide some observations that could help inform solutions to address the gaps and challenges, by moving toward more consistent and comprehensive reporting to ensure no population is overlooked. Accurately accounting for affected populations could help better target evidence‐based interventions, and reduce vulnerability to extreme heat.
A Preliminary Study on the Identification and Spatio‐Temporal Characteristics of Martian Atmospheric Eddies
Authors: Li Bo , Qu Shaojie , Ling Zongcheng , Chen Shengbo
Published: February 2024

Atmospheric eddies serve as a crucial component of global circulation on Mars. It is of great scientific and engineering significance to study the spatio‐temporal characteristics of atmospheric eddies and eddy sequences. In this paper, based on the Open access to Mars Assimilated Remote Soundings (OpenMARS) dataset, we used an eddy detection and sequence tracking method to extract a total of 4,089 eddies in LS = 109° MY28 to LS = 109° MY29, which comprised 3,385 cyclones and 704 anticyclones. Notably, the northern hemisphere exhibited a markedly higher eddy number compared with the southern hemisphere, and more than 82% of eddies had an equivalent radius greater than 400 km. These eddies mainly gathered in the interior and vicinity of basins, mountains, and broad plains in the northern hemisphere. Martian atmospheric eddies can be classified into two categories: topographic eddies, which are related to the various landforms on Mars and non‐topographic eddies, which do not show obvious terrain dependence. Additionally, our analysis yielded 83 extracted eddy sequences, with nearly 90% of them exhibiting short life cycles of less than 40 Martian days (sols). Eddy sequences mainly arise in the spring and summer seasons of the northern hemisphere. Considering the instrument criterion of minimal atmospheric eddy activity for the Tianwen‐3 mission, Chryse Planitia was identified as the optimal landing area.
Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the Shenandoah Formation, Western Fan, Jezero Crater, Mars
Authors: Stack K. M. , Ives L. R. W. , Gupta S. , Lamb M. P. , Tebolt M. , Caravaca G. , Grotzinger J. P. , Russell P. , Shuster D. L. , Williams A. J. , Amundsen H. , Alwmark S. , Annex A. M. , Barnes R. , Bell J. , Beyssac O. , Bosak T. , Crumpler L. S. , Dehouck E. , Gwizd S. J. , Hickman‐Lewis K. , Horgan B. H. N. , Hurowitz J. , Kalucha H. , Kanine O. , Lesh C. , Maki J. , Mangold N. , Randazzo N. , Seeger C. , Williams R. M. E. , Brown A. , Cardarelli E. , Dypvik H. , Flannery D. , Frydenvang J. , Hamran S.‐E. , Núñez J. I. , Paige D. , Simon J. I. , Tice M. , Tate C. , Wiens R. C.
Published: February 2024

Sedimentary fans are key targets of exploration on Mars because they record the history of surface aqueous activity and habitability. The sedimentary fan extending from the Neretva Vallis breach of Jezero crater's western rim is one of the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover's main exploration targets. Perseverance spent ∼250 sols exploring and collecting seven rock cores from the lower ∼25 m of sedimentary rock exposed within the fan's eastern scarp, a sequence informally named the “Shenandoah” formation. This study describes the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Shenandoah formation at two areas, “Cape Nukshak” and “Hawksbill Gap,” including a characterization, interpretation, and depositional framework for the facies that comprise it. The five main facies of the Shenandoah formation include: laminated mudstone, laminated sandstone, low‐angle cross stratified sandstone, thin‐bedded granule sandstone, and thick‐bedded granule‐pebble sandstone and conglomerate. These facies are organized into three facies associations (FA): FA1, comprised of laminated and soft sediment‐deformed sandstone interbedded with broad, unconfined coarser‐grained granule and pebbly sandstone intervals; FA2, comprised predominantly of laterally extensive, soft‐sediment deformed laminated, sulfate‐bearing mudstone with lenses of low‐angle cross‐stratified and scoured sandstone; and FA3, comprised of dipping planar, thin‐bedded sand‐gravel couplets. The depositional model favored for the Shenandoah formation involves the transition from a sand‐dominated distal alluvial fan setting (FA1) to a stable, widespread saline lake (FA2), followed by the progradation of a river delta system (FA3) into the lake basin. This sequence records the initiation of a relatively long‐lived, habitable lacustrine and deltaic environment within Jezero crater.
Abstinence scoring algorithms for treatment of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)
Authors: Maisel Brenton A. , Adeniyi-Jones Susan C. , Selvage Eric , Ng Samuel , Kraft Walter K. , Chervoneva Inna
Published: February 2024

Objective

Chervoneva et al. (2020) developed an abbreviated score (sMNAS-9) derived from full modified Finnegan MOTHER NAS scale (MNAS) for evaluating severity of NOWS. We sought to develop NOWS treatment algorithms for clinical decision rules based on scores utilizing the shorter sMNAS.

Study design

This was a retrospective study of 373 infants with NOWS scored with MNAS and treated with morphine between 2007 and 2016. The infants were randomly split into training/test sets. The training set was used to derive optimized cutoff values for sMNAS-9 scores. The independent set evaluated the sMNAS-9 clinical decision rules based on full MNAS in NOWS morphine and buprenorphine treatment algorithms.

Result

Clinical decision rules based on sMNAS-9 yielded sensitivities of 88% or higher and specificities of 85% or higher for predicting the respective rules based on full MNAS.

Conclusion

The sMNAS-9 scoring instrument is expected to yield similar clinical decisions in treatment of NOWS.
A modular microfluidic platform to study how fluid shear stress alters estrogen receptor phenotype in ER+ breast cancer cells
Authors: Ortega Quesada Braulio Andrés , Cuccia Jonathan , Coates Rachael , Nassar Blake , Littlefield Ethan , Martin Elizabeth C. , Melvin Adam T.
Published: February 2024

Metastatic breast cancer leads to poor prognoses and worse outcomes in patients due to its invasive behavior and poor response to therapy. It is still unclear what biophysical and biochemical factors drive this more aggressive phenotype in metastatic cancer; however recent studies have suggested that exposure to fluid shear stress in the vasculature could cause this. In this study a modular microfluidic platform capable of mimicking the magnitude of fluid shear stress (FSS) found in human vasculature was designed and fabricated. This device provides a platform to evaluate the effects of FSS on MCF-7 cell line, an estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cell line, during circulation in the vessels. Elucidation of the effects of FSS on MCF-7 cells was carried out utilizing two approaches: single cell analysis and bulk analysis. For single cell analysis, cells were trapped in a microarray after exiting the serpentine channel and followed by immunostaining on the device (on-chip). Bulk analysis was performed after cells were collected in a microtube at the outlet of the microfluidic serpentine channel for western blotting (off-chip). It was found that cells exposed to an FSS magnitude of 10 dyn/cm2 with a residence time of 60 s enhanced expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 in the MCF-7 cell line at a single cell level. To understand possible mechanisms for enhanced Ki67 expression, on-chip and off-chip analyses were performed for pro-growth and survival pathways ERK, AKT, and JAK/STAT. Results demonstrated that after shearing the cells phosphorylation of p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-STAT3 were observed. However, there was no change in p-ERK1/2. AKT is a mediator of ER rapid signaling, analysis of phosphorylated ERα was carried out and no significant differences between sheared and non-sheared populations were observed. Taken together these results demonstrate that FSS can increase phosphorylation of proteins associated with a more aggressive phenotype in circulating cancer cells. These findings provide additional information that may help inform why cancer cells located at metastatic sites are usually more aggressive than primary breast cancer cells.
Tropomyosin1 isoforms underlie epithelial to mesenchymal plasticity, metastatic dissemination, and resistance to chemotherapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Xu Tong , Verhagen Mathijs P. , Teeuwssen Miriam , Sun Wenjie , Joosten Rosalie , Sacchetti Andrea , Ewing-Graham Patricia C. , Jansen Maurice P. H. M. , Boere Ingrid A. , Bryce Nicole S. , Zeng Jun , Treutlein Herbert R. , Hook Jeff , Hardeman Edna C. , Gunning Peter W. , Fodde Riccardo
Published: February 2024

Phenotypic plasticity, defined as the ability of individual cells with stable genotypes to exert different phenotypes upon exposure to specific environmental cues, represent the quintessential hallmark of the cancer cell en route from the primary lesion to distant organ sites where metastatic colonization will occur. Phenotypic plasticity is driven by a broad spectrum of epigenetic mechanisms that allow for the reversibility of epithelial-to-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions (EMT/MET). By taking advantage of the co-existence of epithelial and quasi-mesenchymal cells within immortalized cancer cell lines, we have analyzed the role of EMT-related gene isoforms in the regulation of epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) in high grade serous ovarian cancer. When compared with colon cancer, a distinct spectrum of downstream targets characterizes quasi-mesenchymal ovarian cancer cells, likely to reflect the different modalities of metastasis formation between these two types of malignancy, i.e. hematogenous in colon and transcoelomic in ovarian cancer. Moreover, upstream RNA-binding proteins differentially expressed between epithelial and quasi-mesenchymal subpopulations of ovarian cancer cells were identified that underlie differential regulation of EMT-related isoforms. In particular, the up- and down-regulation of RBM24 and ESRP1, respectively, represent a main regulator of EMT in ovarian cancer cells. To validate the functional and clinical relevance of our approach, we selected and functionally analyzed the Tropomyosin 1 gene (TPM1), encoding for a protein that specifies the functional characteristics of individual actin filaments in contractile cells, among the ovarian-specific downstream AS targets. The low-molecular weight Tpm1.8/9 isoforms are specifically expressed in patient-derived ascites and promote invasion through activation of EMT and Wnt signaling, together with a broad spectrum of inflammation-related pathways. Moreover, Tpm1.8/9 expression confers resistance to taxane- and platinum-based chemotherapy. Small molecule inhibitors that target the Tpm1 isoforms support targeting Tpm1.8/9 as therapeutic targets for the development of future tailor-made clinical interventions.
Anticoagulation with osocimab in patients with kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis: a randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: Weitz Jeffrey I. , Tankó László B. , Floege Jürgen , Fox Keith A. A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Thadhani Ravi , Hung James , Pap Ákos F. , Kubitza Dagmar , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. ,   CONVERT Investigators
Published: February 2024

Individuals with kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis are at elevated risk for thromboembolic events. Factor (F) XI, which is in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, is emerging as an attractive target for new anticoagulants that may be safer than existing agents. Osocimab—an inhibitory FXIa antibody—is a potential treatment option for such patients. We conducted a phase 2b, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in which 704 participants (448 male, 256 female) with kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis were randomized to receive lower- or higher-dose osocimab or placebo. In total, 686 participants (436 male, 250 female) received treatment for ≤18 months (planned minimal treatment period of 6 months). The co-primary outcomes were clinically relevant bleeding (a composite of major and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding) and a composite of the incidence of moderate, severe or serious adverse events. Clinically relevant bleeding occurred in 16/232 (6.9%) and 11/224 (4.9%) participants who received lower- and higher-dose osocimab, respectively, and in 18/230 participants (7.8%) who received a placebo. For the composite adverse event endpoint, incidences were 51%, 47% and 43% in the lower-dose osocimab, higher-dose osocimab and placebo groups, respectively. These results suggest that osocimab is associated with a low risk of bleeding and is generally well tolerated in this population; findings that require confirmation in larger trials. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT04523220.
Ripple-locked coactivity of stimulus-specific neurons and human associative memory
Authors: Kunz Lukas , Staresina Bernhard P. , Reinacher Peter C. , Brandt Armin , Guth Tim A. , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Jacobs Joshua
Published: February 2024

Associative memory enables the encoding and retrieval of relations between different stimuli. To better understand its neural basis, we investigated whether associative memory involves temporally correlated spiking of medial temporal lobe (MTL) neurons that exhibit stimulus-specific tuning. Using single-neuron recordings from patients with epilepsy performing an associative object–location memory task, we identified the object-specific and place-specific neurons that represented the separate elements of each memory. When patients encoded and retrieved particular memories, the relevant object-specific and place-specific neurons activated together during hippocampal ripples. This ripple-locked coactivity of stimulus-specific neurons emerged over time as the patients’ associative learning progressed. Between encoding and retrieval, the ripple-locked timing of coactivity shifted, suggesting flexibility in the interaction between MTL neurons and hippocampal ripples according to behavioral demands. Our results are consistent with a cellular account of associative memory, in which hippocampal ripples coordinate the activity of specialized cellular populations to facilitate links between stimuli.
China’s low-carbon policy intensity dataset from national- to prefecture-level over 2007–2022
Authors: Dong Xinyang , Wang Can , Zhang Fang , Zhang Haowen , Xia Chengqi
Published: February 2024

Low-carbon policies are essential for facilitating manufacturing industries’ low-carbon transformation and achieving carbon neutrality in China. However, recent studies usually apply proxy variables to quantify policies, while composite indices of policy intensity measured by objectives and instruments focus more on the national level. It is deficient in direct and comprehensive quantification for low-carbon policies. Hence, having extended the meaning of policy intensity, this paper constructs a low-carbon policy intensity index quantified by policy level, objective and instrument via phrase-oriented NLP algorithm and text-based prompt learning. This process is based on the low-carbon policy inventory we built for China’s manufacturing industries containing 7282 national-, provincial- and prefecture-level policies over 2007–2022. Lastly, we organize the dataset in two formats (.dta and .xlsx) for multidiscipline researchers. Apart from the inventory and intensity for each policy, the policy intensity is also aggregated to national-, provincial- and prefecture-level with sub-intensity for four objectives and three instruments. This dataset has potential uses for future studies by merging with macro and micro data related to low-carbon performances.
Inducing positive inotropy in human iPSC-derived cardiac muscle by gene editing-based activation of the cardiac α-myosin heavy chain
Authors: Bedada Fikru B. , Thompson Brian R. , Mikkila Jennifer L. , Chan Sunny S.-K. , Choi Si Ho , Toso Erik A. , Kyba Michael , Metzger Joseph M.
Published: February 2024

Human induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation into cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-CMs) provides a unique and valuable platform for studies of cardiac muscle structure–function. This includes studies centered on disease etiology, drug development, and for potential clinical applications in heart regeneration/repair. Ultimately, for these applications to achieve success, a thorough assessment and physiological advancement of the structure and function of hiPSC-CMs is required. HiPSC-CMs are well noted for their immature and sub-physiological cardiac muscle state, and this represents a major hurdle for the field. To address this roadblock, we have developed a hiPSC-CMs (β-MHC dominant) experimental platform focused on directed physiological enhancement of the sarcomere, the functional unit of cardiac muscle. We focus here on the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein isoform profile, the molecular motor of the heart, which is essential to cardiac physiological performance. We hypothesized that inducing increased expression of α-MyHC in β-MyHC dominant hiPSC-CMs would enhance contractile performance of hiPSC-CMs. To test this hypothesis, we used gene editing with an inducible α-MyHC expression cassette into isogeneic hiPSC-CMs, and separately by gene transfer, and then investigated the direct effects of increased α-MyHC expression on hiPSC-CMs contractility and relaxation function. Data show improved cardiac functional parameters in hiPSC-CMs induced with α-MyHC. Positive inotropy and relaxation was evident in comparison to β-MyHC dominant isogenic controls both at baseline and during pacing induced stress. This approach should facilitate studies of hiPSC-CMs disease modeling and drug screening, as well as advancing fundamental aspects of cardiac function parameters for the optimization of future cardiac regeneration, repair and re-muscularization applications.
Integration of basement membrane-related genes in a risk signature for prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Xia Bowen , Wang Jingwei , Zhang Dongxu , Hu Xiaopeng
Published: February 2024

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by high heterogeneity and recurrence rates, posing significant challenges for stratification and treatment. Basement membrane-related genes (BMGs) play a crucial role in tumor initiation and progression. Clinical and transcriptomic data of ccRCC patients were extracted from TCGA and GEO databases. We employed univariate regression and LASSO-Cox stepwise regression analysis to construct a BMscore model based on BMGs expression level. A nomogram combining clinical features and BMscore was constructed to predict individual survival probabilities. Further enrichment analysis and immune-related analysis were conducted to explore the enriched pathways and immune features associated with BMGs. High-risk individuals predicted by BMscore exhibited poorer overall survival, which was consistent with the validation dataset. BMscore was identified as an independent risk factor for ccRCC. Functional analysis revealed that BMGs were related to cell–matrix and tumor-associated signaling pathways. Immune profiling suggests that BMGs play a key role in immune interactions and the tumor microenvironment. BMGs serve as a novel prognostic predictor for ccRCC and play a role in the immune microenvironment and treatment response. Targeting the BM may represent an alternative therapeutic approach for ccRCC.
Stripe noise removal in conductive atomic force microscopy
Authors: Li Mian , Rieck Jan , Noheda Beatriz , Roerdink Jos B. T. M. , Wilkinson Michael H. F.
Published: February 2024

Conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) can provide simultaneous maps of the topography and electrical current flow through materials with high spatial resolution and it is playing an increasingly important role in the characterization of novel materials that are being investigated for novel memory devices. However, noise in the form of stripe features often appear in c-AFM images, challenging the quantitative analysis of conduction or topographical information. To remove stripe noise without losing interesting information, as many as sixteen destriping methods are investigated in this paper, including three additional models that we propose based on the stripes characteristics, and thirteen state-of-the-art destriping methods. We have also designed a gradient stripe noise model and obtained a ground truth dataset consisting of 800 images, generated by rotating and cropping a clean image, and created a noisy image dataset by adding random intensities of simulated noise to the ground truth dataset. In addition to comparing the results of the stripe noise removal visually, we performed a quantitative image quality comparison using simulated datasets and 100 images with very different strengths of simulated noise. All results show that the Low-Rank Recovery method has the best performance and robustness for removing gradient stripe noise without losing useful information. Furthermore, a detailed performance comparison of Polynomial fitting and Low-Rank Recovery at different levels of real noise is presented.
Creating an atlas of normal tissue for pruning WSI patching through anomaly detection
Authors: Nejat Peyman , Alsaafin Areej , Alabtah Ghazal , Comfere Nneka I. , Mangold Aaron R. , Murphree Dennis H. , Zot Patricija , Yasir Saba , Garcia Joaquin J. , Tizhoosh H. R.
Published: February 2024

Patching whole slide images (WSIs) is an important task in computational pathology. While most of them are designed to classify or detect the presence of pathological lesions in a WSI, the confounding role and redundant nature of normal histology are generally overlooked. In this paper, we propose and validate the concept of an “atlas of normal tissue” solely using samples of WSIs obtained from normal biopsies. Such atlases can be employed to eliminate normal fragments of tissue samples and hence increase the representativeness of the remaining patches. We tested our proposed method by establishing a normal atlas using 107 normal skin WSIs and demonstrated how established search engines like Yottixel can be improved. We used 553 WSIs of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to demonstrate the advantage. We also validated our method applied to an external dataset of 451 breast WSIs. The number of selected WSI patches was reduced by 30% to 50% after utilizing the proposed normal atlas while maintaining the same indexing and search performance in leave-one-patient-out validation for both datasets. We show that the proposed concept of establishing and using a normal atlas shows promise for unsupervised selection of the most representative patches of the abnormal WSI patches.
Electroanalytical characterization of clozapine at the electrified liquid–liquid interface and its detection in soft and hard drinks
Authors: Balamurugan Thangaraj S. T. , Stelmaszczyk Paweł , Wietecha-Posłuszny Renata , Poltorak Lukasz
Published: February 2024

Clozapine (CZ) is a benzodiazepine psychiatric drug and also an illicit drug associated with drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA). In this work CZ detection method was developed using electrifed liquid–liquid interface.
Hexacoordinated tin complexes catalyse imine hydrogenation with H2
Authors: Žáková Andrea , Saha Pritha , Paparakis Alexandros , Zábranský Martin , Gastelu Gabriela , Kukla Jaroslav , Uranga Jorge G. , Hulla Martin
Published: February 2024

Main group complexes of tin(iv) with Schiff base ligands activate H2 and act as hydrogenation catalysts.
Catalytic, regioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation of beta-naphthol
Authors: Ash Jeffrey , Ahmed Emarose , Le Ngantu , Huang Hai , Kang Jun Yong
Published: February 2024

A catalytic, regioselective, and atom-economic Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of beta-naphthol using allylic alcohols has demonstrated functionalized naphthol synthesis under mild reaction conditions.
Meta-kinks are key to binder performance of poly(arylene piperidinium) ionomers for alkaline membrane water electrolysis using non-noble metal catalysts
Authors: Weber Richard , Klingenhof Malte , Koch Susanne , Metzler Lukas , Merzdorf Thomas , Meier-Haack Jochen , Strasser Peter , Vierrath Severin , Sommer Michael
Published: February 2024

Tailored binder polymers enable high current densities for anion-exchange water electrolysis (AEMWE) for green hydrogen production without the necessity of noble metal catalysts.
Optimizing NCM811 nickel-rich cathode stability via suppressing asymmetric Li/Ni mixing by a “non-intrusive” strategy
Authors: Zhu Boyuan , Li He , Ning Yadong , Yu Zhihui , Meng Long , Wei Guangye , Qu Jingkui
Published: February 2024

By optimizing the precursor structure with sodium aminosulfonate to reduce uneven Li/Ni mixing in the active material, the cyclic stability of NCM811 was enhanced. Following 300 cycles, the capacity retention rate increased by approximately 20%.
Excellent intrinsic Chern insulators: monolayer PdTaX2 (X = Se, Te)
Authors: He Shenda , Kang Ruirong , Zhou Pan , Lyu Pengbo , Sun Lizhong
Published: February 2024

An excellent intrinsic Chern insulator with high Tc and sizable bulk gap.
Synergistic interaction of multi-functional additives at the buried interface for efficient blue perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yang Kaiyu , Lin Qiuxiang , Xu Baolin , Yu Yongshen , Hu Hailong , Li Fushan
Published: February 2024

The synergistic effect of the doping strategy of basic amino acid salts at the interface enables the simultaneous modification of PEDOT:PSS and the bottom interface of the perovskite film to achieve efficient sky-blue PeLEDs.
Is a small singlet–triplet energy gap a guarantee of TADF performance in MR-TADF compounds? Impact of the triplet manifold energy splitting
Authors: Keruckiene Rasa , Vaitusionak Aliaksei A. , Hulnik Maksim I. , Berezianko Ivan A. , Gudeika Dalius , Macionis Simas , Mahmoudi Malek , Volyniuk Dmytro , Valverde Danillo , Olivier Yoann , Woon Kai Lin , Kostjuk Sergei V. , Reineke Sebastian , Grazulevicius Juozas V. , Sini Gjergji
Published: February 2024

A design strategy for efficient MR-TADF emitters needs (i) avoiding aggregation by inducing steric hindrance at peripheral strategic positions, and (ii) combining lateral groups of higher donor character as compared to the central core.
Organometallic modification confers oligonucleotides new functionalities
Authors: Kotammagari Tharun K. , Saleh Lange Yakubu , Lönnberg Tuomas
Published: February 2024

The past few years have seen expansion of organometallic oligonucleotide modification beyond the well-established ferrocene redox labels. New functionalities include improved base discrimination and luminescent properties and ribonuclease activity.
Designing of a novel heterogeneous nanocatalyst ZIF-4@HAp for solvent free base catalyzed esterification reaction
Authors: Bharali Linkon , Chakraborty Debarati , Triveni  , Kalita Juri , Dhar Siddhartha Sankar
Published: February 2024

Different esterification reactions were carried out using a novel hydroxyapatite based nanocatalyst. It is found to be an efficient catalyst with higher yield in each investigated reaction.
Correction: An oriented Ni–Co-MOF anchored on solution-free 1D CuO: a p–n heterojunction for supercapacitive energy storage
Authors: Hussain Iftikhar , Iqbal Sarmad , Hussain Tanveer , Chen Yatu , Ahmad Muhammad , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , AlFantazi Akram , Zhang Kaili
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘An oriented Ni–Co-MOF anchored on solution-free 1D CuO: a p–n heterojunction for supercapacitive energy storage’ by Iftikhar Hussain et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 17790–17800, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA04855D.
Strangeness in Neutron Stars
Authors: Tolos Laura
Published: February 2024

In this contribution I briefly review the dynamics of strange mesons and baryons with dense nuclear matter, paying a special attention to their pres ence in the inner core of neutron stars and the consequences for the structure of these compact stars.
Overview of hadron photoproduction experiments in SPring-8 LEPS2 project
Authors: Muramatsu Norihito
Published: February 2024

An experimental project to study hadron properties through photoproduction reactions is carried out in SPring-8 LEPS2 beamline. As an overview of this project, recent physics achievements and prospects on light baryon spectroscopy, exotic hadrons / bound states, and the origin of hadron mass are discussed with the description of experimental setups.
Overview of hadronization of quarks in proton-proton and e+e− collisions
Authors: Faggin Mattia
Published: February 2024

The so-called hadronization is a non-perturbative QCD phenomenon corresponding to the formation of colourless hadrons from coloured quark con stituents. The hadron formation in point-like e+e− collisions can be described by string models. According to the Lund model, the qq¯ pair production in the scattering is followed by a shower of light partons produced via multiple colour-string breaking, which produce colour singlets in the final states. The probability to obtain a hadron of a given species carrying a certain momentum fraction of the original quark is quantified by the fragmentation functions. They are assumed universal and usually constrained from e+ e− and e−p collisions, and they successfully describe the production of mesons in e+e− and pp colli sions at the colliders. However, recent measurements of pp collision data from the LHC showed a surprising relative enhancement of baryon production com pared to mesons, and model predictions based on string fragmentation do not describe the data. In this talk, an overview of the most recent experimental re sults of hadron production cross section in pp collisions at the LHC compared with e+e− results will be provided. A comparison with novel theoretical models implementing hadronization mechanisms different from the Lund string frag mentation will be also discussed, as well as experimental results obtained in larger systems, like p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions.
Hadronic Molecules with Heavy Quarks
Authors: Baru Vadim
Published: February 2024

We discuss how to decipher the nature of near-threshold exotic states from ex perimental line shapes and lattice QCD simulations. A brief overview of the effective-field-theory approach for analyzing such states is presented, highlight ing the special role played by the longest-range pion exchange interaction. The method is exemplified through an analysis of the recently discovered doubly-charm state Tcc(3875)+.
Dilepton production in proton-proton reaction at 4.5 GeV with the HADES spectrometer
Authors: Abou Yassine Rayane
Published: February 2024

Spectra of dileptons emitted in hadron collisions are important tool to study electromagnetic decays of resonances and the validity of the Vector Meson Dominance model. Furthermore, they provide reference spectra for the hot and dense (heavy-ion A+A collisions) and cold nuclear matter (p+A collisions). In February 2022, proton-proton reactions at 4.5 GeV beam kinetic energy were measured by HADES experiment. The aim of the analysis is to study the specific channels that produced dileptons, such as baryonic resonance Dalitz decays (Δ/N* → Ne+e−) and vector meson decays (ρ/ω/φ→ e+e−). In addition, the investigations of dielectron production above the φ meson mass will be enabled. In this contribution, different steps of the e+e− pair reconstruc tion are discussed.
Progress in the Partial-Wave Analysis Methods at COMPASS
Authors: Kaspar Florian Markus , Beckers Julien , Knollmüller Jakob
Published: February 2024

Abstract. We study the excitation spectrum of light and strange mesons in diffractive scattering. We identify different hadron resonances through partial wave analysis, which inherently relies on analysis models. Besides statistical uncertainties, the model dependence of the analysis introduces dominant sys tematic uncertainties. We discuss several of their sources for the π−π−π+ and K0S K¯ final states and present methods to reduce them. We have developed a new approach exploiting a-priori knowledge of signal continuity over adjacent final-state-mass bins to stably fit a large pool of partial-waves to our data, al lowing a clean identification of very small signals in our large data sets. For two-body final states of scalar particles, such as K0S K¯, mathematical ambigui ties in the partial-wave decomposition lead to the same intensity distribution for different combinations of amplitude values. We will discuss these ambiguities and present solutions to resolve or at least reduce the number of possible so lutions. Resolving these issues will allow for a complementary analysis of the aJ-like resonance sector in these two final states.
The Y(4230) as a D1D molecule
Authors: von Detten Leon , Hanhart Christoph , Baru Vadim
Published: February 2024

Abstract. We show that the currently available data are consistent with Y(4230) being a D1D¯ hadronic molecule. By a simultaneous fit to data from e+e− → D0D*−π+, J/ψπ+π−, J/ψK+ K−, hcπ+π−, J/ψη, χc0ω, χc1(3872)γ and µ+µ−, we demonstrate that this single state can explain the experimental signals in the mass range from 4.2 to 4.35 GeV.
Studies of π−-12C reactions at 0.7GeV/c with the HADES spectrometer
Authors: Ramstein Beatrice
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The HADES collaboration has recently studied the π− + C reaction at 0.685 GeV/c, using the GSI pion beam. This provides a first insight in the pion-nucleus dynamics in the energy range above the Δ(1232) resonance, which has been very poorly studied and is relevant for the study of heavy-ion collisions in the few GeV range. Measurements of π±, p, d and t were provided in various exit channels (inclusive, pπ−, pπ+, pp, π+π−, pπ−π+…,) and compared to predictions of the INCL++ cascade and of transport models (SMASH, RQMD.RMF, GIBUU). The results allow to test selectively the capacity ofsuch models to describe the various mechanisms (quasi-elastic, multipion production, rescatterings and pion absoprtion). The sensitivity of the data measured in the quasi-elastic channel to short range correlations is also investigated.
Deciphering 𝚵− capture events in light emulsion nuclei
Authors: Friedman Eliahu , Gal Avraham
Published: February 2024

Abstract. We recently showed that all five KEK and J-PARC uniquely assigned two-body Ξ- + AZ → A′ΛZ′ + A′′ΛZ′′ capture events in CNO light emulsion nuclei are consistent with Coulomb-assisted 1pΞ¯ nuclear states in a ξ-nuclear potential of nuclear-matter depth Vξ ≳ 20 MeV [1]. Here we argue that the recently reported 14N capture events named KINKA and IRRAWADDY are more likely Ξ1p0 - 14C nuclear states [2] than Ξ1s--14 N states, the latter assignment implying considerably smaller values of Vξ.
Double strangeness molecular-type pentaquarks from coupled channel dynamics
Authors: Magas Volodymyr , Marsé-Valera Arnau , Ramos Angels
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The existence of the nucleonic pentaquark resonances Pc (4312), Pc(4380), Pc(4440) and Pc(4457), established by the LHCb collaboration, has been one of the major discoveries in hadron physics in the latest years. This has been followed by the discovery of pentaquarks with one unit of strangeness, Pcs(4338) and Pcs(4457). Most of these states can be understood as hadronic molecules, namely bound states of a sufficiently attractive meson-baryon interaction. A widely used model, based on unitarized meson-baryon amplitudes obtained from vector meson exchange interactions derived from the hidden gauge formalism, which predicted these states prior to their discovery, is also predicting the existence of pentaquarks with double strangeness content, at around 4500 MeV and 4600 MeV [1]. Our model also suggest that one of these double strangeness pentaquarks can be seen in the weak decay of the Eb baryon into J/ΨϕΞ. A detailed study of this reaction is still under investigation, but in these proceedings we shall show some preliminary results, which confirm the possibility of observing traces of S=-2 pentaquark in invariant mass spectra of J/ΨΞ pairs produced in the decays Ξb → J/ΨϕΞ.
Near-threshold hadron scattering with effective field theory
Authors: Sone Katsuyoshi , Hyodo Tetsuo
Published: February 2024

Abstract. When an exotic hadron locates near the threshold with the channel couplings, the internal structure of the exotic hadron is related to the scattering length. To incorporate the threshold effect, the Flatté amplitude has been often used to determine the scattering length. It is however known that an additional constraint is imposed on the Flatte amplitude near the threshold. We discuss this problem by using the effective field theory for the coupled-channel scattering.
Studying the Production Mechanisms of Light Meson Resonances in Two-Pion Photoproduction
Authors: Bibrzycki Łukasz , Hammoud Nadine , Mathieu Vincent , Perry Robert J. , Szczepaniak Adam P.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. A theoretical model of two-pion photoproduction is presented. The model encodes the prominent ρ(770) resonance and the expected leading background contribution coming from the Deck mechanism. To validate the model, angular moments are computed and compared with the CLAS dataset. After fitting a number of free parameters, the model provides a good description of the data.
Forming flower-like fingers with fluid instabilities
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: February 2024

The key parameters that cause flower-like patterns at fluid-fluid interfaces.
A novel recurrence-based approach for investigating multiphase flow dynamics in bubble column reactors
Authors: Pal Ritam , Ganguly Samriddhi , De Somnath , Sarkar Sourav , Mukhopadhyay Achintya
Published: February 2024

In chemical industries, multiphase flows in a bubble column reactor are frequently observed. The nonlinearity associated with bubble hydrodynamics, such as bubble–bubble and bubble–liquid interactions, gives rise to complex spatiotemporal patterns with increased gas or liquid velocities, which are extremely difficult to model and predict. In the current study, we propose a new, computationally efficient recurrence-based approach involving the angular separation between suitably defined state vectors and implement it on the experimental multiphase flow variables. The experimental dataset that consists of image frames obtained using a high-speed imaging system is generated by varying air and water flow rates in a bubble column reactor setup. The recurrence plots using the new approach are compared with those derived from conventional recurrence, considering standard benchmark problems. Further, using the recurrence plots and recurrence quantification from the new recurrence methodology, we discover a transition from a high recurrence state to a complex regime with very low recurrence for an increase in airflow rate. Determinism exhibits a rise for the decrease in airflow rate. A sharp decline in determinism and laminarity, signifying the quick shift to complex dynamics, is more prominent for spatial recurrence than temporal recurrence, indicating that the rise in airflow rate significantly impacts the spatial location of bubbles. We identify three regimes that appeared as distinct clusters in the determinism–laminarity plane. The bubbly regime, characterized by high values of determinism and laminarity, is separated by an intermediate regime from the slug flow regime, which has low determinism and laminarity.
Control-gate-free reconfigurable transistor based on 2D MoTe2 with asymmetric gating
Authors: Zhao Zijing , Kang Junzhe , Rakheja Shaloo , Zhu Wenjuan
Published: February 2024

As transistor footprint scales down to the sub-10 nm regime, the process development for advancing to further technology nodes has encountered slowdowns. Achieving greater functionality within a single chip requires concurrent development at the device, circuit, and system levels. Reconfigurable transistors possess the capability to transform into both n-type and p-type transistors dynamically during operation. This transistor-level reconfigurability enables field-programmable logic circuits with fewer components compared to conventional circuits. However, the reconfigurability requires additional polarity control gates in the transistor and potentially impairs the gain from a smaller footprint. In this paper, we demonstrate a 2D control-gate-free reconfigurable transistor based on direct modulation of out-of-plane conduction in an ambipolar MoTe2 channel. Asymmetric electrostatic gating at the source and drain contacts is employed in the MoTe2 transistor resulting in different Schottky barrier widths at the two contacts. Consequently, the ambipolar conduction is reduced to unipolar conduction, where the current flow direction determines the preferred carrier type and the transistor polarity. Temperature dependence of the transfer characteristics reveals the Schottky barrier-controlled conduction and confirms that the Schottky barrier widths at the top contact are effectively tuned by electrostatic gating. Without the complexity overhead from polarity control gates, control-gate-free reconfigurable transistors promise higher logic density and lower cost in future integrated circuits.