bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Tomographic Study and the Phenotype of Wormian Bones
Authors: Al Kaissi Ali , Ryabykh Sergey , Ben Chehida Farid , Al Kaissi Hamza , Kircher Susanne Gerit , Stransky Martin J. , Grill Franz
Published: February 2023

Background: We describe patients who were recognized via conventional radiographs of the skull as manifesting wormian bones. Wormian bones are not a specific diagnostic entity and can be seen in variable forms of syndromic disorders. Materials and Methods: Seven children and three adults (of 10–28 years) were seen and diagnosed in our departments. The principal complaints for the pediatric and adult group were: ligamentous hyperlaxity, a history of delayed walking and occasional fractures, which later in life started to manifest a constellation of neurological symptoms such as nystagmus, persistent headache, and apnea. Conventional radiographs were the first traditional tools used to recognize wormian bones. We performed 3D reconstruction CT scans to further understand the precise etiology and the nature of these wormian bones and attempted to connect them with a broad spectrum of unpleasant clinical presentations. Our group of patients was consistent with the phenotypic and genotypic diagnoses of osteogenesis imperfecta type I and type IV as well as patients with multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome. Results: Three-dimensional reconstruction CT scan of the skulls confirmed that these worm-like phenotypes are in fact stemmed from the progressive softening of the sutures. The overall phenotype of the melted sutures is akin to overly stretched pastry. The most concerning sutures in this pathological process are the lambdoid. The overstretching of the lambdoid sutures was responsible for the development of sub-clinical basilar impression/invagination. Patients with certain forms of skeletal dysplasia such as osteogenesis imperfecta type I and IV manifested the heterozygous mutation of COL1A1/COLA2, shown as typical overstretching of the sutures. Similarly, patients with multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome with a heterozygous missense mutation of MAFB also manifested the phenotype of overly stretched pastry along the skull sutures. Conclusion: What we encountered via 3D reconstruction CT scan in our group of patients was entirely different than the traditional description that can be found in all relevant literature of the last decades. The worm-like phenomenon is in fact a pathological sequel occurring as a result of a progressive softening of the sutures, which results in the overstretching of the lambdoid sutures, a pathological process roughly similar to an overly stretched soft pastry. This softening is totally connected to the weight of the cerebrum (the occipital lobe of the cerebrum). The lambdoid sutures represent the weight-bearing zone of the skull. When these joints are loose and soft, they adversely alter the anatomical structures of the skull and lead to a highly hazardous derangement of the craniocervical junction. The latter causes the pathological upward invasion of the dens into the brain stem, leading to the development of morbid/mortal basilar impression/invagination.
Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Omicron Variants Inhibition Comparison after BNT162b2 mRNA Booster Doses with a New PETIA sVNT Assay
Authors: Fogolari Marta , Leoni Bruno Daniele , De Cesaris Marina , Italiano Rita , Davini Flavio , Miccoli Ginevra Azzurra , Donati Daniele , Clerico Luigi , Stanziale Andrea , Savini Giovanni , Petrosillo Nicola , Ciccozzi Massimo , Sommella Lorenzo , Riva Elisabetta , Fazii Paolo , Angeletti Silvia
Published: February 2023

Background: Monitoring antibody response following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is strategic, and neutralizing antibodies represent the gold standard. The neutralizing response to Beta and Omicron VOCs was evaluated versus the gold standard by a new commercial automated assay. Methods: Serum samples from 100 healthcare workers from the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Biomedico and the Pescara Hospital were collected. IgG levels were determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay (Abbott Laboratories, Wiesbaden, Germany) and serum neutralization assay as the gold standard. Moreover, a new commercial immunoassay, the PETIA test Nab (SGM, Rome, Italy), was used for neutralization evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed with R software, version 3.6.0. Results: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers decayed during the first ninety days after the vaccine second dose. The following booster dose significantly (p < 0.001) increased IgG levels. A correlation between IgG expression and neutralizing activity modulation was found with a significant increase after the second and the third booster dose (p < 0.05. Compared to the Beta variant of the virus, the Omicron VOC was associated with a significantly larger quantity of IgG antibodies needed to achieve the same degree of neutralization. The best Nab test cutoff for high neutralization titer (≥1:80) was set for both Beta and Omicron variants. Conclusion: This study correlates vaccine-induced IgG expression and neutralizing activity using a new PETIA assay, suggesting its usefulness for SARS-CoV2 infection management.
Cognitive Profiles of French Individuals with Williams Syndrome and Down Syndrome: What’s Up? What’s Next?
Authors: Touchet Claire , Pochon Régis , Bourdin Béatrice , Ibernon Laure
Published: February 2023

The aim of our study was to characterize the face recognition skills, theory of mind skills, and language skills of a single group of French participants with Williams syndrome (WS) compared to a group of participants with Down syndrome (DS). Twelve French-speaking participants with WS and 12 French-speaking participants with DS took part in this study. The two groups were matched for nonverbal and verbal levels. We used the Benton Facial Recognition test to study the groups’ ability to recognize faces, the Theory of Mind Test Revised, and the morphosyntactic production and morphosyntactic comprehension subtests from the French test battery “Instruments pour le Screening et l’Approfondissement de l’examen des DYsfonctionnements du Langage chez l’Enfant (ISADYLE)”. The results of the participants with WS were systematically better than those of the participants with DS. Nevertheless, although they outperformed the participants with DS, the participants with WS were far from performing at ceiling level. Most importantly, we found no significant correlations between performances on the various standardized tests for either group of participants. The evaluation of cognitive skills in a single group of French participants with WS confirmed that they present a complex profile. Because these competences are strongly influenced by social and cultural aspects, it is therefore essential to develop studies for specific languages, including when one is examining a rare developmental disability.
Towards the Resolution of a Quantized Chaotic Phase-Space: The Interplay of Dynamics with Noise
Authors: Lippolis Domenico , Shudo Akira
Published: February 2023

We outline formal and physical similarities between the quantum dynamics of open systems and the mesoscopic description of classical systems affected by weak noise. The main tool of our interest is the dissipative Wigner equation, which, for suitable timescales, becomes analogous to the Fokker–Planck equation describing classical advection and diffusion. This correspondence allows, in principle, to surmise a finite resolution, other than the Planck scale, for the quantized state space of the open system, particularly meaningful when the latter underlies chaotic classical dynamics. We provide representative examples of the quantum-stochastic parallel with noisy Hopf cycles and Van der Pol-type oscillators.
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Assisted Optimization for Resource Allocation in Downlink OFDMA Cooperative Systems
Authors: Tefera Mulugeta Kassaw , Zhang Shengbing , Jin Zengwang
Published: February 2023

This paper considers a downlink resource-allocation problem in distributed interference orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems under maximal power constraints. As the upcoming fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks are increasingly complex and heterogeneous, it is challenging for resource allocation tasks to optimize the system performance metrics and guarantee user service requests simultaneously. Because of the non-convex optimization problems, using existing approaches to find the optimal resource allocation is computationally expensive. Recently, model-free reinforcement learning (RL) techniques have become alternative approaches in wireless networks to solve non-convex and NP-hard optimization problems. In this paper, we study a deep Q-learning (DQL)-based approach to address the optimization of transmit power control for users in multi-cell interference networks. In particular, we have applied a DQL algorithm for resource allocation to maximize the overall system throughput subject to the maximum power and SINR constraints in a flat frequency channel. We first formulate the optimization problem as a non-cooperative game model, where the multiple BSs compete for spectral efficiencies by improving their achievable utility functions while ensuring the quality of service (QoS) requirements to the corresponding receivers. Then, we develop a DRL-based resource allocation model to maximize the system throughput while satisfying the power and spectral efficiency requirements. In this setting, we define the state-action spaces and the reward function to explore the possible actions and learning outcomes. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed DQL-based scheme outperforms the traditional model-based solution.
Flocking Behaviors under Hierarchical Leadership of Thermodynamic Cucker–Smale Particles with Multiplicative White Noise and Perturbation
Authors: Yang Shuobing , Jin Yinghua , Hu Aihua , Shao Yipeng
Published: February 2023

The thermodynamic Cucker–Smale model (TCS model) describes dynamic consistency caused by different temperatures between multi-agent particles. This paper studies the flocking behaviors of the TCS model with multiplicative white noise under hierarchical leadership. First, we introduce the corresponding model of two particles. Then, by using mathematical induction and considering the properties of differential functions, it is proved that, under certain conditions, the group can achieve flocking. Finally, we verify the conclusion through numerical simulation results. Similarly, this paper studies the above model with perturbation functions.
The Absence of a Weak-Tie Effect When Predicting Large-Weight Links in Complex Networks
Authors: Zhang Chengjun , Li Qi , Lei Yi , Qian Ming , Shen Xinyu , Cheng Di , Yu Wenbin
Published: February 2023

Link prediction is a hot issue in information filtering. Link prediction algorithms, based on local similarity indices, are widely used in many fields due to their high efficiency and high prediction accuracy. However, most existing link prediction algorithms are available for unweighted networks, and there are relatively few studies for weighted networks. In the previous studies on weighted networks, some scholars pointed out that links with small weights play a more important role in link prediction and emphasized that weak-ties theory has a significant impact on prediction accuracy. On this basis, we studied the edges with different weights, and we discovered that, for edges with large weights, this weak-ties theory actually does not work; Instead, the weak-ties theory works in the prediction of edges with small weights. Our discovery has instructive implications for link predictions in weighted networks.
Investigating and Improving Student Understanding of Conductors and Insulators
Authors: Santana Lisabeth Marie , Hickman Caitlin , Bilak Joshua , Singh Chandralekha
Published: February 2023

Concepts involving conductors and insulators are challenging at all levels of instruction. Here, we summarized an investigation of the difficulties that introductory students have pertaining to the charging of conductors and insulators and how that research was used as a resource to develop, validate, and evaluate a conceptual tutorial on this challenging topic. The tutorial uses guided inquiry-based teaching–learning sequences and focuses on helping students develop conceptual understanding of charging conductors and insulators using concrete examples. At a large university in the US, we first evaluated whether there was any statistically significant difference on the pretest (before college instruction) between the performance of students who had any high school physics instruction and those who did not on relevant questions. Then, we compared the performance of introductory physics students in the experimental group who engaged with the tutorial and the control group who did not engage with the tutorial and only had traditional, lecture-based instruction. Our analysis shows large improvements from pre- to post-tests (i.e., from before to after instruction) for the tutorial group and large gaps in post-test scores between the nontutorial and tutorial groups.
Teaching Science Using Argumentation-Supported 5E-STEM, 5E-STEM, and Conventional Didactic Methods: Differences in the Learning Outcomes of Middle School Students
Authors: Ha Vu Thi , Chung Le Hong , Hanh Nguyen Van , Hai Bui Minh
Published: February 2023

5E-based science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (5E-STEM) education is known to be one of the most used pedagogical models in STEM-oriented science courses for middle school students. However, the 5E model lacks a clear explanation of how STEM subjects are strongly linked in each of its operational “E”. In this study, a novel approach was proposed with the use of the argumentation-supported 5E-STEM (A-5E-STEM) model in the science curriculum. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in learning achievements, learning motivation, learning interest, and higher-order thinking skills of middle school students between teaching science using A-5E-STEM, 5E-STEM, and conventional didactic methods. A semi-experimental study with post-test only non-equivalent groups design was used. A “Separating Mixtures” unit in the 6th grade Natural Science curriculum was designed with A-5E-STEM and 5E-STEM model orientation. The participants were three 6th grade classes with a total of one hundred and twenty students at a public middle school in Hanoi City, Vietnam. The first experimental group was taught science using the A-5E-STEM model, the second experimental group was taught science using the 5E-STEM model, and a control group was taught the science unit with conventional didactic methods. A post-test was used to collect data on learning achievement, and questionnaires were used to collect data on learning motivation, interest, and higher-order thinking skills of middle school students in the science curriculum. The findings showed that the effect of teaching science using the A-5E-STEM model on learning achievement, motivation, interest, and higher-order thinking skills of middle school students was significantly superior to that of the 5E-STEM model and conventional didactic methods. Therefore, science teachers are expected to increase the use of the A-5E-STEM model in their related curriculum.
Material and Socio-Cognitive Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality in a French Secondary School: Conditions for Innovation
Authors: Gadille Martine , Corvasce Caroline , Impedovo Maria
Published: February 2023

The dissemination of innovative pedagogies in French secondary education, under the effect of both educational policies and the spontaneous action of teachers, raises the question of the socio-cognitive and material conditions of the design, appropriation, and use of a 3D VW learning space in school. To answer this question, we study the design of a learning space using a 3D VW and the interactions that emerge between the different actors involved in techno-pedagogical innovation. The case study included 22 5th grade students. The videos recorded concern the use of a scenario-based 3D VW for Mathematics, French and Second Language. The analysis of these scenarios based on co-presence, remote-learning and autonomy retrace the material and socio-cognitive conditions of a changing learning space that co-evolves with identities and the teachers’ intent to create meaning within a hybridised institutional and organisational framework.
Online Peer Assessment for Learning: Findings from Higher Education Students
Authors: Loureiro Paula , Gomes Maria João
Published: February 2023

Assessment practices in the higher education (HE) context have undergone profound changes over recent years, particularly regarding their purpose, strategies, and available resources. This exploratory study seeks to analyze, through the perceptions of HE students, the contribution and adequacy of an assessment for learning strategy, namely, online peer assessment (OPA), inspired by the conceptual framework of the PrACT Model, a framework which aims to contribute to the dissemination of alternative assessment practices. The main data collection technique used was the survey questionnaire and the study participants (n = 16) were students from a higher education institution in Portugal. Results point to the lack of student experience in the practice of OPA and are discussed in conformity with the dimensions of the PrACT framework. OPA is considered, from the student’s perspective, an adequate alternative digital assessment strategy, contributing to student motivation as well as to the development of cognitive, metacognitive, and digital skills.
Exploring the Association between Attachment Style, Psychological Well-Being, and Relationship Status in Young Adults and Adults—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sagone Elisabetta , Commodari Elena , Indiana Maria Luisa , La Rosa Valentina Lucia
Published: February 2023

Background: This study aimed to analyze the associations of adult attachment styles with psychological well-being in relation to age groups (young adults vs adults) and relationship status (singleness vs close relationships). Method: The study sample consisted of 393 Italian young adults and adults, aged 18 to 62 years, with stable close relationships (n = 219) or identified in this study as singles (n = 174). The Psychological Well-being Scale was used to analyze psychological well-being, and the Attachment Style Questionnaire was chosen to evaluate adult attachment dimensions. Results: Individuals with stable close relationships reported higher levels of psychological well-being than singles. Furthermore, compared to people with stable close relationships, singles had an attachment style associated with discomfort with closeness, relationships as secondary, and avoidance. Finally, in single people, psychological well-being was moderately and positively predicted by attachment style characterized by confidence but strongly and negatively by attachment characterized by the need for approval. Regarding individuals with stable relationships, psychological well-being was strongly and negatively predicted by attachment style characterized by the need for approval. Conclusions: In adult attachment styles, close relationships can be viewed as a protective factor for long-term emotional stability and psychological well-being.
The Role of Emotional Skills (Competence) and Coping Strategies in Adolescent Depression
Authors: Vucenovic Dario , Sipek Gabriela , Jelic Katarina
Published: February 2023

Depression is a state of low mood that can lead to several negative outcomes on thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and even physical state. With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents emerged as one of the most vulnerable groups, with deteriorated anxiety and depression due to imposed social isolation, reduced social activities, and concerns over household status, health, and peer support. Distance learning through public service broadcasts and online tools lasted for several months, posing the need for adjustment. This study aimed to assess emotional competence and coping styles as predictors of depression in a sample of adolescents. The study was conducted in-person on a sample of 142 high school students. A high percentage of participants reported above-average levels of depression (21.1% severely depressed). On average, girls reported higher levels of depression than boys (t = 3.86, p < 0.01). Gender differences were also found in emotion-focused coping and avoidance, with girls scoring higher on both (p < 0.05). However, there were no gender differences in problem-focused coping or emotional competence. Hierarchical regression analysis concluded that perceiving and understanding emotions, expressing and naming emotions, regulating emotions, and avoidance were significant predictors of depression. This regression model explained 53% of depression variance, with the regulation of emotions being the most powerful predictor (p < 0.01). No mediating effect of coping styles on the relationship between emotional competence and depression was found in this study.
Frequency and Voltage Compliance Capabilities of Grid-Forming Wind Turbines in Offshore Wind Farms in Weak AC Grids
Authors: Vilmann Benjamin , Randewijk Peter Jan , Jóhannsson Hjörtur , Hjerrild Jesper , Khalil Ashraf
Published: February 2023

Weak grid conditions challenge the grid integration of offshore wind farms. Especially grids with low inertia and large grid impedance questions frequency and voltage compliance capabilities. Grid-forming wind turbines are a promising technology for weak grids due to the nature of their control strategy. This paper explains the difference in how weak grid conditions are described in the literature and shows how the voltage stability margin changes with the short-circuit ratio and X/R ratio. With that knowledge, the frequency and voltage compliance capabilities of three grid-forming controls in an offshore wind farm are investigated and benchmarked. These three controls are a droop control, a virtual synchronous machine, and a synchronverter. This was done by quantifying their performance during a frequency disturbance with sensitivity to the short-circuit ratio, X/R ratio, and the inertia constant, H. It is concluded that the virtual synchronous machine is the most compliant grid-forming control and that DC-link modeling is of great importance when testing compliance during frequency disturbances.
An Integrated Vibration Elimination System with Mechanical-Electrical-Magnetic Coupling Effects for In-Wheel-Motor-Driven Electric Vehicles
Authors: Zhao Ze , Gu Liang , Wu Jianyang , Zhang Xinyang , Yang Haixu
Published: February 2023

This study aims to improve the vehicle vertical dynamics performance in the sprung and unsprung state for in-wheel-motor-driven electric vehicles (IWMD EVs) while considering the unbalanced electric magnetic force effects. An integrated vibration elimination system (IVES) is developed, containing a dynamic vibration-absorbing structure between the IWM and the suspension. It also includes an active suspension system based on a delay-dependent H∞ controller. Further, a novel frequency-compatible tire (FCT) model is constructed to improve IVES accuracy. The mechanical-electrical-magnetic coupling effects of IWMD EVs are theoretically analyzed. A virtual prototype for the IVES is created by combining the CATIA, ADAMS, and MatLab/Simulink, resulting in a high-fidelity multi-body model, validating the IVES accuracy and practicability. Simulations for the IVES considered three different suspension structure types and time delay considerations were performed. Analyses in frequency and time domains for the simulation results have shown that the root mean square of sprung mass acceleration and the eccentricity are significantly reduced via the IVES, indicating an improvement in ride comfort and IWM vibration suppression.
Space-Borne System-in-Package Based on High Reliability Microwave Interconnections
Authors: Li Bin , Wan Guobin , Li Yun , Shao Zhaoshen , Chen Guowei , Ren Fengchao , Su Jiaqi
Published: February 2023

With the increasing demand for multi-function and highly integrated space-borne microwave products, a three-dimensional heterogeneous integration based on special substrates and other systems-in-package has difficulty with meeting the requirements of high reliability in space. Through simulation, the thermal-deformation resistance of traditional interconnections meets the requirements of high reliability, but its transmission performance at high frequency is poor. Based on the above, a novel microwave horizontal coaxial transition structure with good thermal-deformation resistance and excellent microwave characteristics is proposed. The design formula of the structure is derived, and the basic size of the structure can be quickly calculated. The transition structure and a vertical matching structure can realize microwave interconnection by combining microstrip impedance transformation and gold-ribbon interconnection. The complex microwave circuit is laid out and partitioned in a three-dimensional way, and thus a space-borne microwave metallic system-in-package method based on high reliability microwave interconnections is implemented. A Ka-band receiving system-in-package is used as an example to carry out the actual test and validation. The better characteristics of the Ka-band receiving channel on the satellite are obtained, and its excellent reliability is verified by the temperature cycle and mechanical vibration test.
A Convolutional Neural Network with a Wave-Based Convolver
Authors: Fülöp András , Csaba György , Horváth András
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we demonstrate that physical waves can be used to perform convolutions as part of a state-of-the-art neural network architecture. In particular, we show that the damping of waves, which is unavoidable in a physical implementation, does not diminish their usefulness in performing the convolution operations required in a convolutional neural network (CNN), and the damping only slightly decreases the classification accuracy of the network. These results open the door for wave-based hardware accelerators for CNNs.
Quality of Service Generalization using Parallel Turing Integration Paradigm to Support Machine Learning
Authors: Razaque Abdul , Frej Mohamed Ben Haj , Bektemyssova Gulnara , Almi’ani Muder , Amsaad Fathi , Alotaibi Aziz , Jhanjhi Noor Z. , Ali Mohsin , Amanzholova Saule , Alshammari Majid
Published: February 2023

The Quality-of-Service (QoS) provision in machine learning is affected by lesser accuracy, noise, random error, and weak generalization (ML). The Parallel Turing Integration Paradigm (PTIP) is introduced as a solution to lower accuracy and weak generalization. A logical table (LT) is part of the PTIP and is used to store datasets. The PTIP has elements that enhance classifier learning, enhance 3-D cube logic for security provision, and balance the engineering process of paradigms. The probability weightage function for adding and removing algorithms during the training phase is included in the PTIP. Additionally, it uses local and global error functions to limit overconfidence and underconfidence in learning processes. By utilizing the local gain (LG) and global gain (GG), the optimization of the model’s constituent parts is validated. By blending the sub-algorithms with a new dataset in a foretelling and realistic setting, the PTIP validation is further ensured. A mathematical modeling technique is used to ascertain the efficacy of the proposed PTIP. The results of the testing show that the proposed PTIP obtains lower relative accuracy of 38.76% with error bounds reflection. The lower relative accuracy with low GG is considered good. The PTIP also obtains 70.5% relative accuracy with high GG, which is considered an acceptable accuracy. Moreover, the PTIP gets better accuracy of 99.91% with a 100% fitness factor. Finally, the proposed PTIP is compared with cutting-edge, well-established models and algorithms based on different state-of-the-art parameters (e.g., relative accuracy, accuracy with fitness factor, fitness process, error reduction, and generalization measurement). The results confirm that the proposed PTIP demonstrates better results as compared to contending models and algorithms.
Design and Implementation of Two Immersive Audio and Video Communication Systems Based on Virtual Reality
Authors: Zhang Hanqi , Wang Jing , Li Zhuoran , Li Jingxin
Published: February 2023

Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in recent years, remote communication has become increasingly common, which has also spawned many online solutions. Compared with an in-person scenario, the feeling of immersion and participation is lacking in these solutions, and the effect is thus not ideal. In this study, we focus on two typical virtual reality (VR) application scenarios with immersive audio and video experience: VR conferencing and panoramic live broadcast. We begin by introducing the core principles of traditional video conferencing, followed by the existing research results of VR conferencing along with the similarities, differences, pros, and cons of each solution. Then, we outline our view about what elements a virtual conferencing room should have. After that, a simple implementation scheme for VR conferencing is provided. Regarding panoramic video, we introduce the steps to produce and transmit a panoramic live broadcast and analyze several current mainstream encoding optimization schemes. By comparing traditional video streams, the various development bottlenecks of panoramic live broadcast are identified and summarized. A simple implementation of a panoramic live broadcast is presented in this paper. To conclude, the main points are illustrated along with the possible future directions of the two systems. The simple implementation of two immersive systems provides a research and application reference for VR audio and video transmission, which can guide subsequent relevant research studies.
WCC-JC 2.0: A Web-Crawled and Manually Aligned Parallel Corpus for Japanese-Chinese Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Zhang Jinyi , Tian Ye , Mao Jiannan , Han Mei , Wen Feng , Guo Cong , Gao Zhonghui , Matsumoto Tadahiro
Published: February 2023

Movie and TV subtitles are frequently employed in natural language processing (NLP) applications, but there are limited Japanese-Chinese bilingual corpora accessible as a dataset to train neural machine translation (NMT) models. In our previous study, we effectively constructed a corpus of a considerable size containing bilingual text data in both Japanese and Chinese by collecting subtitle text data from websites that host movies and television series. The unsatisfactory translation performance of the initial corpus, Web-Crawled Corpus of Japanese and Chinese (WCC-JC 1.0), was predominantly caused by the limited number of sentence pairs. To address this shortcoming, we thoroughly analyzed the issues associated with the construction of WCC-JC 1.0 and constructed the WCC-JC 2.0 corpus by first collecting subtitle data from movie and TV series websites. Then, we manually aligned a large number of high-quality sentence pairs. Our efforts resulted in a new corpus that includes about 1.4 million sentence pairs, an 87% increase compared with WCC-JC 1.0. As a result, WCC-JC 2.0 is now among the largest publicly available Japanese-Chinese bilingual corpora in the world. To assess the performance of WCC-JC 2.0, we calculated the BLEU scores relative to other comparative corpora and performed manual evaluations of the translation results generated by translation models trained on WCC-JC 2.0. We provide WCC-JC 2.0 as a free download for research purposes only.
The Generalization of Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Based on Algorithmic Stability
Authors: Sun Haichao , Yang Jie
Published: February 2023

The Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a popular technique for intelligent systems, which can be widely used to decompose a nonnegative matrix into two factor matrices: a basis matrix and a coefficient one, respectively. The main objective of NMF is to ensure that the operation results of the two matrices are as close to the original matrix as possible. Meanwhile, the stability and generalization ability of the algorithm should be ensured. Therefore, the generalization performance of NMF algorithms is analyzed from the perspective of algorithm stability and the generalization error bounds are given, which is named AS-NMF. Firstly, a general NMF prediction algorithm is proposed, which can predict the labels for new samples, and then the corresponding loss function is defined further. Secondly, the stability of the NMF algorithm is defined according to the loss function, and two generalization error bounds can be obtained by employing uniform stability in the case where U is fixed and it is not fixed under the multiplicative update rule. The bounds numerically show that its stability parameter depends on the upper bound on the module length of the input data, dimension of hidden matrix and Frobenius norm of the basis matrix. Finally, a general and stable framework is established, which can analyze and measure generalization error bounds for the NMF algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate the advantages of new methods on three widely used benchmark datasets, which indicate that our AS-NMF can not only achieve efficient performance, but also outperform the state-of-the-art of recommending tasks in terms of model stability.
Architecture for Co-Simulation of Transportation and Distribution Systems with Electric Vehicle Charging at Scale in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Panossian Nadia V. , Laarabi Haitam , Moffat Keith , Chang Heather , Palmintier Bryan , Meintz Andrew , Lipman Timothy E. , Waraich Rashid A.
Published: February 2023

This work describes the Grid-Enhanced, Mobility-Integrated Network Infrastructures for Extreme Fast Charging (GEMINI) architecture for the co-simulation of distribution and transportation systems to evaluate EV charging impacts on electric distribution systems of a large metropolitan area and the surrounding rural regions with high fidelity. The current co-simulation is applied to Oakland and Alameda, California, and in future work will be extended to the full San Francisco Bay Area. It uses the HELICS co-simulation framework to enable parallel instances of vetted grid and transportation software programs to interact at every model timestep, allowing high-fidelity simulations at a large scale. This enables not only the impacts of electrified transportation systems across a larger interconnected collection of distribution feeders to be evaluated, but also the feedbacks between the two systems, such as through control systems, to be captured and compared. The findings are that with moderate passenger EV adoption rates, inverter controls combined with some distribution system hardware upgrades can maintain grid voltages within ANSI C.84 range A limits of 0.95 to 1.05 p.u. without smart charging. However, EV charging control may be required for higher levels of charging or to reduce grid upgrades, and this will be explored in future work.
Design and Optimization of a Liquid Cooling Thermal Management System with Flow Distributors and Spiral Channel Cooling Plates for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Peizheng , Zhao Jiapei , Zhou Shuai , Duan Jiabin , Li Xinke , Zhang Houcheng , Yuan Jinliang
Published: February 2023

In this study, a three-dimensional transient simulation model of a liquid cooling thermal management system with flow distributors and spiral channel cooling plates for pouch lithium-ion batteries has been developed. The cooling plates play the role of uniforming temperature distribution and reducing the maximum temperature within each battery, while the flow distributors have the function of reducing the temperature difference between batteries in the battery module. The accuracy of the thermophysical properties and heat generation rate of the battery was verified experimentally. The optimal structure and cooling strategy of the system was determined by single factor analysis as well as orthogonal test and matrix analysis methods. The optimal solution resulted in a maximum battery module temperature of 34.65 °C, a maximum temperature difference of 3.95 °C, and a channel pressure drop of 8.82 Pa. Using the world-harmonized light-duty vehicles test cycle (WLTC) conditions for a battery pack in an electric car, the performance of the optimal battery thermal management system (BTMS) design was tested, and the results indicate that the maximum temperature can be controlled below 25.51 °C and the maximum temperature difference below 0.21 °C, which well meet the requirements of BTMS designs.
Control Effect of Deposition Processes on Shale Lithofacies and Reservoirs Characteristics in the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es4s), Dongying Depression, China
Authors: Yang Yepeng , Jiang Zaixing , Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Zongxuan , Yang Chun
Published: February 2023

The lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the upper interval of the fourth member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es4s) in the Dongying Depression are important shale oil exploration targets in Bohai Bay Basin. They are widely distributed and rich in organic matter. In this study, samples were observed under the optical microscope and FESEM, combined with geochemical test and physical property analysis to study the sedimentary characteristics and reservoir characteristics of them. Nine lithofacies are recognized based on the mineral composition, the content of organic matter and the beddings. The middle-high organic laminated calcareous fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF1) and the middle-high organic laminated mixed fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF2) resulted from seasonal sediment variations and settled by suspension in the deep lake. The middle-high organic flaggy mixed fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF3), the middle-high organic flaggy calcareous fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF4), the middle-high organic massive calcareous fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF5) and the middle organic massive mixed fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF6) were formed by redeposition. The low organic massive argillaceous fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF7), the low organic massive felsic fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF8) and the low organic massive mixed fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF9) are affected by the terrigenous input events. The pore structures vary in different beddings which are influenced by the kinds and arrangement of minerals and particles. In the laminated lithofacies, the ink-bottle-shaped pores are dominant. In the flaggy and massive lithofacies, the ink-bottle-shaped pores and the slit-shaped pores coexist. LF1 and LF2 are the best target for shale oil exploration and the LF3, LF4, LF5 and LF6 are the second. The deposition processes control the lithofacies and reservoir characteristics of the fined-grained sedimentary rocks.
Integrated Design and Experimental Validation of a Fixed-Pitch Rotor for Wind Tunnel Testing
Authors: Fontanella Alessandro , Da Pra Giulia , Belloli Marco
Published: February 2023

In this paper we report about the design and validation of a 1.2 m wind turbine rotor with fixed blade pitch. The wind turbine is a scaled version of the DTU 10 MW. Integrated design of dimensional scaling laws, blade aerodynamics, and turbine control is carried out to reproduce blade loading and interaction with atmospheric boundary layer of the reference turbine, despite challenges posed by the great reduction in chord-based Reynolds number. The rotor is verified with numerical simulations in OpenFAST and wind tunnel testing. The servo-aerodynamic design approach proposed in this article is shown to be successful for small-scale wind turbine models for use in experiments about wakes and floating wind.
Energy Performance of Occupant Behaviors on Windows: A Green Building Based Study
Authors: Cheng Kaixiang , Yao Jian , Zheng Rongyue
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the window-opening behavior in a three-star green building with an operation mark in Ningbo was investigated. Four single offices facing south were selected, and the measurement lasted 20–40 days in the cooling season. An analysis of the relationship between window use and environmental factors was assessed by monitoring the occupancy state, the window action and window state, the time, and the temperature and humidity. A statistical analysis method was conducted to reveal the similarities and differences in window use among different occupants. The main findings were as follows: The window adjustment behaviors of different people vary significantly. In terms of adjustment time, there are two modes of behaviors. In addition, the occupancy state had a great impact on window action. Moreover, some people prefer to open the windows in the morning and close the windows at departure time, However, some of them prefer to open the windows at departure time and close the windows at the arrival time. Some irrational window opening behaviors were found in this research. Through correlation analysis, it was shown that the longer time the occupants were in the office, the higher window-opening duration and window-opening frequency would be. If the window was closed at arrival time, the total opening duration of window was significantly reduced. Also, window opening duration and closing duration are proportional to each other. With the help of principal component analysis (PCA) of the 12 features that affected window adjustment, the correlation between the window opening behaviors and the features could be clearly illustrated. A stochastic model of window-opening behavior based on logistics regression and uncertainty analysis was used in this paper. The cooling energy consumption of the stochastic model is 99.9% higher than the energy consumption generated by a fixed number of air changes, and the average energy consumption exceeds the fixed value by more than 21%. The findings of this study have certain guiding significance for promoting energy conservation by occupants’ behaviors in green buildings in this region.
Energy Costs Reduction for Dispersion Using a Jet-Slot Type Milk Homogenizer
Authors: Samoichuk Kyrylo , Kovalyov Alexandr , Fuchadzhy Natalia , Hutsol Taras , Jurczyk Michał , Pająk Tadeusz , Banaś Marian , Bezaltychna Olena , Shevtsova Alona
Published: February 2023

The priority task of the milk processing industry is in reducing the specific energy consumption of milk fat dispersion while simultaneously ensuring a high dispersion of milk emulsion. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is by developing and implementing a little-studied jet milk homogenizer of the slot type. In it, homogenization occurs by implementing the method of the separate feeding of cream, which allows creating the maximum difference between the speeds of skim milk and cream, which is a necessary condition for effective dispersion. Analytical dependences have been found that relate power and specific energy consumption to the performance of a milk homogenizer with the separate cream supply, the diameter of the annular gap, the fat content of normalized milk and cream, and the cream supply speed. The rational value of the fat content of the cream used for homogenization is analytically substantiated; in order to reduce the specific energy consumption of the process, their fat content should be higher than 20%. The most significant increase in the energy costs of dispersion is observed when processing milk with a fat content of less than 3–4%, while the use of cream with a fat content of less than 20% leads to a multiple increase in the energy costs of the process. The research results indicate the hyperbolic nature of the dependence of the homogenizer power on its productivity. Supplying the cream through an annular gap of small diameter allows reducing the main component of dispersion energy costs by eight times. The obtained data indicate the existence of a deviation within 5–10% of the experimental power values from the analytical ones, which is explained by the influence of the efficiency of pumps, drives, and losses in the connecting fittings.
Energy Resilience: A Cross-Economy Comparison
Authors: Hu Jin-Li , Chang Tien-Yu
Published: February 2023

The goal of this paper is to use the variable returns to scale (VRS)-slacks-based measure (SBM)-data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to compare the energy resilience of different economies and areas. This study looks at the energy resilience scores of 26 economies from Europe, the Americas, and the Asia-Pacific area. It does this by looking at twelve sub-indicators in three dimensions: society, the economy, and the environment. According to the computational results, seventeen of these economies’ total energy resilience achieved top-tier performance. South Korea, ranked 18th, is only second to these seventeen economies and is followed by, among others, Turkey, Luxembourg, Poland, Italy, Belgium, the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. Twelve of the twenty European economies, all three American economies, and two Asia-Pacific economies are relatively energy-resilient. There are sixteen economies in society dimensions, seventeen economies in economy dimensions, and seventeen economies in environment dimensions that are relatively energy-resilient. Sub-dimensional improvement suggestions for relatively less energy-resilient economies are provided according to empirical results. The outcome of the research provides policymakers with a benchmark for future policy planning. Due to data limitations, this study cannot benchmark all OECD economies and does not account for sub-dimensional resource inputs.
Investigation of Energy and Exergy of Geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Alghamdi Mohammed , Al-Kharsan Ibrahim , Shahab Sana , Albaker Abdullah , Alayi Reza , Kumar Laveet , El Haj Assad Mamdouh
Published: February 2023

In this study, modeling and thermodynamic analysis of the combined double flash geothermal cycle generation was conducted using zeotropic fluid as the working fluid in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The analysis was performed based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Hexane, cyclohexane, isohexane, R245fa, and R236ea exhibit good performance at higher temperatures. In this study, three fluids—hexane, cyclohexane, and isohexane—were used. First, the model results for the pure fluids were compared with those of previous studies. Then, the important parameters of the cycle, including the efficiency of the first law of thermodynamics, the efficiency of the second law of thermodynamics, net productive power, and the amount of exergy destruction caused by changing the mass fraction of the refrigerant for the zeotropic fluids (investigated for the whole cycle and ORC), were obtained and compared.