bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the athletes’ functional condition in cyclic and situational sports
Authors: Podrigalo O.O. , Borisova O.V. , Podrigalo L.V. , Iermakov S.S. , Romanenko V.V. , Podavalenko O.V. , Volodchenko O.A. , Volodchenko J.O.
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The athletic potential of athletes depends on functional condition parameters. They determine physical and mental performance. Their evaluation is part of the athletes’ condition monitoring in many sports. The purpose of the study was the comparative analysis of the athletes’ functional condition in cyclic and situational sports. Materials and methods: The study involved 31 students from specialized sport school aged 16-17. The participants were divided into two groups depending on the sport: 1st group - 20 martial arts athletes (Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, judo), 2nd group - 11 water sports athletes (swimming). The level of sportsmanship was Candidates and Masters of Sports. The following tests were applied: determination of the individual minute duration (IM) (s), measuring of a 10 cm segment, (cm), and determination of simple hand-eye coordination (SHEyC), (s), and simple hand-ear coordination (SHEaC), (s), “Figures memorizing” technique, solution of 10 sums. Results : The IM test results reflect the predominance of earlier completion of the test. This tendency more expressed in martial arts athletes. The results of measuring a segment were lower in all tests in the 1st group and in 9 tests in the 2nd group. The vision reaction in 4 tests out of 10 was better in martial arts athletes. The response to the auditory stimulus in 5 tests out of 10 and the average result was better in martial arts athletes. The results of figures memorizing test were most often average. The swimmers memorize significantly fewer figures according to 3 tests. The results of the solution of sums were similar. Conclusions : The use of a battery test allows giving a comparative analysis of the functional condition of different sports athletes. The stability of IM test results indicates sufficient adaptation reserves of the participants. The analysis of the results of the measuring of segment test allows evaluating the ability to spatial orientation as an important for success quality in martial arts and water sports. The importance of the response rate for the success of both martial arts athletes and swimmers confirmed. The martial arts athletes’ results were significantly better. This confirms their ability to concentrate, to stay focused longer. The results allow considering the response rate to an auditory stimulus as an important indicator for predicting success. The figures memorizing test also reflects the specificity of sports. It illustrates the ability of athletes to control the environment, manage the situation. This ability is significantly better in martial arts athletes. The dynamics of solving sums results suggest some complexity with a long focusing on the swimmers and better parameters in martial arts athletes. The simplicity, accessibility and informative nature of the used tests suggest their use in the athletes’ functional condition monitoring.
PEMAKNAAN KRITERIA KESAHIHAHAN HADIS MUḤAMMAD NÂṢIR AL-DÎN AL-ALBÂNÎ DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM PENILAIAN HADIS
Authors: Farida Umma
Published: December 2019

This article aims to examine the theoretical framework of Muḥammad Nâṣir al-Dîn al-Albânî on ḥadîth. It has been known that sometimes al-Albânî explicitly put some ḥadîths into unsound classification, whereas some major ḥadîth scholars put the ḥadîth in valid and authentic condition. Through studying his book entitled Silsilat al-Aḥâdîth al-Ṣaḥîḥah and some other books, this articel finds that although in some cases his conclusion is quite different from other ḥadîth scholars, he is still standing on the previous principles to determine the validity of ḥadîth such like: chain continuity (ittiṣâl al-sanad), fair narrators (‘âdil) and having good intellectuality (ḍâbiṭ), safe from berration (shudhûdh) and trouble (‘illat), but at some points, he has made his own differentiation in defining those principals. Besides, al-Albânî has also given special attention to the validity of matn (the content of ḥadîth), that the matn should not be contrary with the Qur’ân, sunnah Ṣaḥîḥah (the valid tradition), logical reasoning, historical facts, sciences, and the practice of previous piety (salaf al-Ṣâliḥ).
EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR MAQASIDI
Authors: Kusmana Kusmana
Published: December 2019

This article examines tafsîr maqâṣidî in epistemological outlook. It studies the origins, methodology, and validation of its construction. Based on depth literary analysis, this article argues that tafsîr maqâṣidî cannot be separated from its origins in the historical development of Islamic law. It can be seen from the rise of tafsîr maqâṣidî that is much more originated and established from maqâṣid al-sharî’ah in terms of Islamic law. The basic framework of tafsîr maqâṣidî is not only developed by Muslim scholars who are well educated in Islamic law such as Ibn ‘Âshûr and Jaser Auda, but also initiated by scholars of theology such like Muḥammad ‘Abduh and Muḥammad Rashîd Riḍâ. The article also suggests that the movement of maqâṣid al-sharî’ah thoughts including tafsîr maqâṣidî has relevant effort in constructing Islamic knowledge which is well known in contemporary Islamic discourse as islamization of knowledge. On the origins, tafsîr maqâṣidî is like tafsir bi al-ra’y that attempts to find a logical basis and methods that is appropriate to Islamic sources, and on the same time it tries to put a logic and reason as the basis for interpretation. On methodological side, tafsîr maqâṣidî is built in two traces of tafsir tradition that is well known as naqlî and ‘aqlî methods. And on validation, tafsîr maqâṣidî forms itself into a wide creativity in using naqlî and ‘aqlî methods by emphasizing on rational and empirical study with special reference to maṣâliḥ mursalah.
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN AL-TIBB AL-NABAWI PERSPEKTIF PENELITIAN ILMIAH
Authors: Bin Salman Abdul Matin
Published: December 2019

This present paper is heavily influenced by this notion of inter-connectivity, trying specifically to demonstrate the correlation between the Prophet traditions on medication and modern health sciences. The Prophet medication project aims not at discovering utterly new ideas, but it reinforces any truth and denies false claims accredited to the Prophet. This paper, thus, focuses on both examining the medication practiced by the Prophet and exercising the accuracy of its sources. The basic argument developed in this paper is that transcendental objectivity within the Prophet traditions and empirical rationality within medical sciences must correlate. Through this examination, this paper concludes that the medication practiced by the Prophet as described in his traditions can be used as complementary to the modern medical treatment. Moreover, as long as it is carried out by using objective and accurate scientific methods, the Prophet medication can be used as an alternative to heal some diseases which modern medication has not found their cures. Keywords: Prophet traditions, prophet medication, scientific methods.
Pemaknaan al-Din dan al-Islam dalam Qur’an A Reformist Translation
Authors: Iwanebel Fejrian Yazdajird
Published: December 2019

Abstract: This paper highlights the ideas on the meaning of religion within Quran: A Reformist Translation, a contemporary work that promotes a reformist paradigm of Quranic interpretation. On the methodological framework, their exegesis lies on the Qur’an alone, which means to let the Qur’anexplainstheir self within their logic and linguistic features. They refuse the hierarchical and epistemic authority of the clergy in interpreting the Qur’an. Further, they have also rejected the authority of hadis. With this theoretical framework, they do not interpret al-dînas religion, but as a system. They also do not interpret Islam as a proper name related to the religion of Muhammad, but as a mindset and action which lies on the system of peacemaking and peaceful surrendering. This kind of interpretation theoretically makes a shifting orientation of the verse which generally tends to theology, dogmatic, and exclusive become humanist, dialogue and inclusive.

Keywords: Qur’anic translation; reformist, al-dîn; al-islâm.

 

Abstrak: artikel inimembahas tentang gagasan makna agama dalam Quran: A Reformist Translation, sebuah karya terjemah Alquran kontemporeryang menawarkan pandangan baru dalam melihat teks dengan semangat reformis. Kerangka metodologis penafsiran mereka adalah al-Qur’an alone, yaitu membiarkan Alquran menjelaskan dirinya sendiri dengan logika kebahasaannya. Mereka menolak otoritas ulama sebagai epistemologi tafsirnya, termasuk dalam hal ini hadis. Dengan kerangka ini, mereka memaknai al-dîntidak sebagai agama, melainkan sebagai sistem. Demikian juga dengan al-islâm, mereka tidak menafsirkan kata tersebut sebagai nama agama tertentu, melainkan sebuah mindsetdan aksi yang berpijak pada sistem kepasrahan dan kedamaian. Penafsiran inisecara teoritismerubah orientasi ayat yang semula bersifat teologis, dogmatis dan eksklusif menjadi humanis, dialogis dan inklusif.

Kata Kunci: Terjemah Alquran; reformis; al-dîn; al-islâm.
Tafsir Alquran dan Praktik Politik Umat Islam Indonesia Perspektif Tafsir al-Azhar dan Tafsir al-Mishbah
Authors: Mujahidin Anwar
Published: December 2019

It is a common agreement that Muslims in Indonesia accept nation state as a system which is not based solely on religion, but religion, at the same time, could be the main pillar and source of value in its principal. This paper is aimed at putting Indonesian Qur’anic exegesis into consideration, Hamka’s Tafsir al-Azhar and M. Quraish Shihab’s Tafsir al-Mishbah, related to the issue of state power and government. It attempts to delve into the values constructed by both exegetes on the Qur’anic verses related to the principles of the power and how those values are applied in the nation state formation. The results of the study suggests that some of Qur’anic values composed by both exegetes is: realization of nation state in a well-organized bureaucratic system, that is manifested in a good leadership, which is based on high competency selected based on democratic system selection (mushawarah). These values are able to be exemplified by both exegetes in nation-state frames with reference to cooperative and critical attitude towards the government.
Additive maps on prime and semiprime rings with involution
Authors: ALAHMADİ A. , ALHAZMİ H. , ALİ Shakir , DAR Nadeem , KHAN Abdul
Published: December 2019

Let $R$ be an associative ring. An additive map $x\mapsto x^*$ of $R$ into itself is called an involution if (i) $(xy)^*=y^*x^*$ and (ii) $(x^*)^*=x$ hold for all $x\in R$. The main purpose of this paper is to study some additive mappings on prime and semiprime rings with involution. Moreover, some examples are given to demonstrate that the restrictions imposed on the hypothesis of the various results are not superfluous.
A genetic algorithm-based envelope design optimisation for residential buildings
Authors: Caglayan Semih , Yigit Sadik , Ozorhon Beliz , Ozcan-Deniz Gulbin
Published: December 2019

National energy standards of countries worldwide require a wide range of measures to be used in energy policies. It has become a challenge to fulfil different measures of building envelope design optimisation through enhancement of energy conservation. To overcome this challenge, this study proposes an optimisation model for determining the optimum envelope design of a reference building in four climate regions. The optimisation model utilised a genetic algorithm, as an optimisation tool, and national standards to define the thermal insulation requirements of buildings for energy calculation. The building prototype was analysed to minimise the life-cycle cost (LCC), where building envelope elements – namely, windows, exterior walls, basement floor and ceilings – were included as energy efficiency measures. The results showed how each building element affects energy consumption in different climate regions. Exterior wall insulation was observed to have the maximum impact on the LCC of the whole building, which was followed by the window type selection. An optimally designed residential building was found to spend approximately 20–25% less energy than the limiting values expressed in the national standard. This paper highlights how the optimum design envelope for buildings in various countries and climates can be characterised by the use of the proposed optimisation model.
Literacy practices in two Danish-Somali families
Authors: Christensen Mette
Published: December 2019

This article explores the literacy practices in two Danish-Somali families with young children. The data comes from focused ethnographic fieldwork in the families. The study is rooted in a sociocultural view of literacy, aiming at understanding how different ways of engaging with language and the written word express different beliefs and values about literacy. The study finds that school-oriented literacy training and literacy tests as well as religious practices play important roles in the everyday lives of the families. In some cases, the latter practices share similar properties with the former. The obvious and salient influence of school-like literacy practices shows that the families are not only very willing, but also very capable of fulfilling the roles of “co-creators” and “school-assistants” when it comes to their children’s learning and literacy development. This finding calls for a reconsideration of how teachers and other professionals perceive minority families and their literacy practices and experiences.
How Islamic are young Muslim people’s poems?
Authors: Dewilde Joke
Published: December 2019

In this article, I investigate poetry written by two young Muslim people during their spare time. Adopting Shahab Ahmed’s (2016) understanding of Islamic in its plenitude and complexity, I ask how Islamic their texts are. The participants, Neda and Mohammed (both pseudonyms), grew up in Islamic countries where they were socialised in faith literacy practices, including practices around sacred and devotional texts, before moving to Norway in their teens. The data used for this article were collected during two linguistic ethnographies and include poems written in and outside of school, fieldnotes from classroom observations and transcripts from multiple semi-structured interviews. The interview questions concerned their poems and writing in general as well as their observations about living as Muslims in Norway. Although their poems include few or no explicit Islamic references, the findings support an argument that an Islamic lens gives meaning to the poems in terms of Islam as they engage with rather different Islamic norms and discourses. Whereas Mohammed’s texts are characterised by more prescriptive discourses leaving little room for alternative interpretations, Neda’s texts contain more wonder and perplexity and are thus in line with non-prescriptive discourses. I conclude by arguing that 1) the meanings of the poems are enriched in terms of Islam by viewing them through an Islamic lens and that 2) schools should provide safe spaces for young Muslims to develop their meaning-making and writing.
Mechanism of oxides reduction during bubbling of copper-smelting slags by CO–CO2 gas mixtures
Authors: Komkov A. A. , Kamkin R. I.
Published: December 2019

The paper suggests a mechanism of simultaneous oxide reduction from multicomponent copper-smelting slags during their bubbling with CO–CO2 reducing mixtures and provides a numerical algorithm developed to implement this mechanism as a mathematical model. The first feature of the suggested mechanism is a statement that the total speed of the overall reduction process is determined by CO consumption during its interaction with oxygen ions formed in slag oxide dissociation. The second feature is a statement about equilibrium achieved between slag, alloy and gaseous phase according to the system oxidizing potential reached at every instant. The paper demonstrates a satisfactory agreement between calculated and experimental data obtained when reducing industrial coppersmelting slags at 1300 °С and СО/СО2 = 4, 6, 156, and using the first-degree kinetic equation regarding the difference between initial and equilibrium CO contents in the gaseous phase. A generalized kinetic constant of the multicomponent slag reduction reaction rate is calculated as k = 2.6·10–7, moles CO /(cm2 · sec·%) at 1300 °С. It is shown that during industrial multicomponent slag reduction, reduction speed of copper (I) oxide and magnetite are high and close to maximal ones as early as at the first minutes of slag bubbling with reducing gas. At the same time, for Fe(II), lead and zinc oxides they are low at the first minutes of the process, and increase gradually to reach their maximum, and then decrease again up to near-zero values as the supplied gas and melt come to equilibrium. Generally, oxide reduction speed naturally decreases with approaching to equilibrium between the initial gas and liquid phases, and this should be taken into account when designing continuous slag depletion processes.
Editorial, Vol. 6, No. 4
Authors: De Gloria Alessandro
Published: December 2019

Editorial of the International Journal of Serious Games, Vol. 6, No. 4.
Expansión del agronegocio aguacatero sobre los territorios campesinos en Michoacan
Authors: Toribio Morales María Adelina , Ramirez Miranda Cesar Adrián , Núñez Vera Miriam Aidé
Published: December 2019

La ecuación neoliberal para la modernización del campo mexicano, gestionada desde el Estado, procuró la reestructuración del capitalismo agrario para lograr su plena integración a la economía estadounidense y se propuso desplazar a los ejidos y comunidades del escenario productivo para favorecer la expansión de las corporaciones agroexportadoras. En consecuencia, el agronegocio exportador devino en el actor principal del campo, en torno al cual se estructuraron las políticas públicas durante más de tres décadas, al cabo de las cuales el sector agroalimentario logró una balanza comercial superavitaria pero también el aumento de la dependencia alimentaria.
El artículo se propone analizar los mecanismos de expansión del agronegocio más emblemático de la canasta agroexportadora mexicana sobre los terrenos de las comunidades campesinas e indígenas en el estado de Michoacán, México. Refiere sintéticamente la política de Estado orientada a transformar la estructura agraria y productiva del campo mexicano a favor del agronegocio y se centra, mediante un estudio de caso, en el proceso de mercantilización de las tierras para la producción de aguacate de exportación, para dar cuenta de las estrategias de dominación del agronegocio aguacatero y de sus impactos sobre el territorio, específicamente sobre las formas de vida campesinas y comunitarias.
Dinamik eş zamanlı topla dağıt araç rotalama probleminin çözümü için matematiksel model ve sezgisel yaklaşım: Rassal iteratif yerel arama değişken komşu iniş algoritması
Authors: AYDOĞDU Burak , ÖZYÖRÜK Bahar
Published: December 2019

Firmaların
dağıtım ve toplama taleplerini karşılayacak en uygun rotaların bulunması için
Araç Rotalama Problemleri (ARP) sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Gerçek hayatta, gün
içerisinde gelen yeni toplama taleplerinin dolaşımda olan araçlar tarafından karşılanması
taşıma maliyetlerini azaltacaktır. Bu bağlamda müşterilerden gelen yeni toplama
taleplerinin dolaşımda olan araçlar tarafından karşılanabilmesi amacıyla Dinamik
Eş Zamanlı Topla-Dağıt Araç Rotalama Problemi (DETD_ARP) için yeni bir
matematiksel model geliştirilmiştir.  Geliştirilen
matematiksel modelin etkinliğini araştırmak için literatürde yer alan test problemleri
kullanılmış ve sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Matematiksel model ile elde edilen
sonuçlar değerlendirilmiş ve problem boyutu arttıkça çözüm süresinin üstel
olarak arttığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışma kapsamında problemin kısa sürede
çözebilmek için sezgisel algoritmalardan faydalanılmıştır. Rassal İteratif
Yerel Arama Değişken Komşu İniş (R – İYA – DKİ) algoritması adında yeni bir
algoritma geliştirilmiştir.  R – İYA –
DKİ’de üst(hyper) sezgiseller kullanılarak komşuluk yapılarının uygulama sırası
azalan permütasyon yöntemine göre sürekli olarak değiştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen
algoritmanın etkinliğini değerlendirmek için çalışma kapsamında matematiksel
model ile elde edilen sonuçlar kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlara bakıldığında
geliştirilen sezgisel algoritmanın matematiksel model ile elde edilen sonuçlara
yakın sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür. Son olarak ve büyük boyutlu problemler
önerilen R – İYA – DKİ algoritması ile çözülmüş ve sonuçlar paylaşılmıştır.
Viability Estimation of Islets for Distribution Using Inclusion and Exclusion Fluorescent Dyes (FDA/PI) v1
Authors: Islet Distribution Program Integrated
Published: December 2019

This Standard Operating Procedure is adapted from the work of the 'National Institutes of Health-Sponsored Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium Phase 3 Trial: Manufacture of a Complex Cellular Product at Eight Processing Facilities'' following the SOP cited in the document 'Purified Human Pancreatic Islet - Viability Estimation of Islet Using Fluorescent Dyes (FDA/PI): Standard Operating Procedure of the NIH Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium' This SOP defines the procedure for assessment of viability of human isolated islet preparations, which include endocrine and exocrine tissue, for use in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) sponsored research in the Integrated Islet Distribution Program (IIDP). This protocol is written to assist the participating islet isolation centers and investigators who are part of this program. Fluorescein Diacetate/ Propidium Iodide (FDA)/(PI) Viability Assay is a rapid fluorometric method to test the integrity of the plasma membrane simultaneously using inclusion and exclusion dyes; the assay differentiates between viable and nonviable cells and is, consequently, used for determination of viability of islet preparations.
Transcription Factor-Mediated Differentiation of Human iPSCs into Neurons v1
Authors: S. Fernandopulle Michael , Prestil Ryan , Grunseich Christopher , Wang Chao , Gan Li , E. Ward Michael
Published: December 2019

Accurate modeling of human neuronal cell biology has been a long-standing challenge. However, methods to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to neurons have recently provided experimentally tractable cell models. Numerous methods that use small molecules to direct iPSCs into neuronal lineages have arisen in recent years. Unfortunately, these methods entail numerous challenges, including poor efficiency, variable cell type heterogeneity, and lengthy, expensive differentiation procedures. We recently developed a new method to generate stable transgenic lines of human iPSCs with doxycycline-inducible transcription factors at safe-harbor loci. Using a simple two-step protocol, these lines can be inducibly differentiated into either cortical (i3Neurons) or lower motor neurons (i3LMN) in a rapid, efficient, and scalable manner (Wang et al., 2017). In this manuscript, we describe a set of protocols to assist investigators in the culture and genetic engineering of iPSC lines to enable transcription factor-mediated differentiation of iPSCs into i3Neurons or i3LMNs, and we present neuronal culture conditions for various experimental applications. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Attachment 1: Preparation of Fluorescein Diacetate and Propidium Iodide Stock Solutions (FDA/PI) v1
Authors: Islet Distribution Program Integrated
Published: December 2019

This Standard Operating Procedure is adapted from the work of the 'National Institutes of Health-Sponsored Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium Phase 3 Trial: Manufacture of a Complex Cellular Product at Eight Processing Facilities'' following the SOP cited in the document 'Purified Human Pancreatic Islet - Viability Estimation of Islet Using Fluorescent Dyes (FDA/PI): Standard Operating Procedure of the NIH Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium' This SOP defines the procedure for assessment of viability of human isolated islet preparations, which include endocrine and exocrine tissue, for use in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) sponsored research in the Integrated Islet Distribution Program (IIDP). This protocol is written to assist the participating islet isolation centers and investigators who are part of this program. Fluorescein Diacetate/ Propidium Iodide (FDA)/(PI) Viability Assay is a rapid fluorometric method to test the integrity of the plasma membrane simultaneously using inclusion and exclusion dyes; the assay differentiates between viable and nonviable cells and is, consequently, used for determination of viability of islet preparations.
ISOLATION AND VALIDATION OF CLONAL TRANSGENIC LINES (Basic Protocol 4) v1
Authors: S. Fernandopulle Michael , Prestil Ryan , Grunseich Christopher , Wang Chao , Gan Li , E. Ward Michael
Published: December 2019

While transgenic populations may be enriched to near-purity using the techniques described above, the derivation of a clonal iPSC line descended from a single parent cell is necessary for proper genotyping and for many downstream applications, and it is thus standard practice following any genetic edit. One common method for isolating such clones, as described below, is by serial dilutions on two 6-well plates, followed by manual picking. As with all single-cell dissociations of iPSCs, the use of Y-27632 ROCK inhibitor is required until colonies are properly established; wells with fewer cells may require treatment for 2 to 3 days. 6-well plates are used because their wells have a larger surface area than other multiwell dishes, facilitating downstream picking. For highly enriched populations, serial dilutions may be reduced to one 6-well plate loaded with 1 × 105 cells in the first well, as there is a higher probability of identifying a purely positive colony. Following isolation, this protocol further describes basic genotyping in parallel with the gradual expansion of clonal lines, utilizing QuickExtract to prepare genomic DNA and PCR to test for the presence of a transgene of interest. Primer sequences and other specifics are included in more detail for the particular differentiation cassettes in Support Protocol 1. In general, basic genotyping by PCR should be performed as quickly as possible to screen out negative clones, while potentially positive clones should be confirmed by more stringent methods such as Sanger sequencing and western blotting as appropriate. To save culture reagents, negative clones may be immediately discarded, while all others should be expanded and frozen pending confirmation.
DIFFERENTIATION OF i3LMNS (Basic Protocol 7) v1
Authors: S. Fernandopulle Michael , Prestil Ryan , Grunseich Christopher , Wang Chao , Gan Li , E. Ward Michael
Published: December 2019

This protocol describes the rapid and robust differentiation of hiPSCs into lower motor neurons (i3LMNs) via induced expression of the transcription factors NGN2, ISL1, and LHX3 (hNIL) (Mazzoni et al., 2013; Shi et al., 2017). In particular, a donor construct containing these factors under the tetracycline response element (TRE3G) (Gossen & Bujard, 1992), a CAG promoter driving constitutive expression of the reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA3G), and an EF-1α promoter driving constitutive expression of selection genes (mCherry for Addgene, cat. no. 105841 and SBP-LNGFR and mApple for Addgene, cat. no. 105842) was stably integrated into the safe-harbor CLYBL locus via TALENs (Cerbini et al., 2015). Motor neuron differentiation efficiency can vary between iPSC lines, and homozygous insertion into both CLYBL alleles may result in improved efficiency. Reduced differentiation efficiency of mCherry positive clones can occur with off-target integration of the donor construct. Additionally, the mCherry reporter is flanked by loxP sites, permitting excision by transient transfection of Cre recombinase if desired.
CULTURING i3LMNS (Basic Protocol 8) v1
Authors: S. Fernandopulle Michael , Prestil Ryan , Grunseich Christopher , Wang Chao , Gan Li , E. Ward Michael
Published: December 2019

Induction and differentiation of i3LMNs is nearly identical to the first 3 days of differentiation for i3Neurons (see Basic Protocol 5), including identical induction medium. Following replating, however, differences arise including the use of Motor Neuron Culture Medium (MM) for long-term culture (Table 5), additional reagents to reduce proliferative cells if necessary, and variable options for coating polymers. MM is sufficient to promote the maturation and long-term culture of i3LMNs. While a majority of these cells at Day 3 are committed to differentiation to post-mitotic neurons, a small subset may remain proliferative and can quickly overtake the culture. To compensate, a 1-day pulse of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is recommended at the time of replating of Day 3 i3LMNs and has proven effective at impairing mitosis without causing neural toxicity. Following BrdU treatment, medium should be completely exchanged the following day. CultureOne is also effective at reducing levels of proliferative cells over time, and it may be included in MM medium with usually minimal effects on neural cell health. In general, one fourth to one half of the medium should be aspirated and replaced with fresh medium every 3 to 4 days. Neuron attachment and growth also requires a strongly adhesive substrate. Coating plates with synthetic polymers such as poly-L-ornithine (PLO), polyethyleneimine (PEI), or poly-D-lysine (PDL) is sufficient for cell attachment, and providing an optional additional coating of purified laminin improves i3LMN viability and neurite outgrowth. Laminincoated wells also support proliferative cells better than polymer without laminin, so BrdU is necessary in these conditions.While these substrates are stiffer than those under biological conditions, they reduce cell migration and clumping, facilitating imaging of individual cells. In our experience, PLO has produced the best neuronal morphology, but it is also the most sensitive to cell detachment resulting from medium exchanges. Detachment is a particular concern at high cell density and after extended time in culture, as the interconnected network of neural processes can cause entire wells to detach from the edges. PEI and PDL typically promote stronger adhesion, but PEI is toxic to cells if coating is not performed properly, and rapid degradation and batch-to-batch variability complicate the use of PDL. Cells are especially susceptible to detachment during the many washes required for immunocytochemistry, so these steps should be performed with extreme care. This protocol will assume use of PLO, although coating with PEI or PDL may be performed using an identical protocol except where noted.
TRANSFECTION OF i3NEURONS (Support Protocol 3) v1
Authors: S. Fernandopulle Michael , Prestil Ryan , Grunseich Christopher , Wang Chao , Gan Li , E. Ward Michael
Published: December 2019

Transient protein expression can easily be studied in i3Neurons using lipid-based transfection. This protocol is identical to that in iPSCs (see Basic Protocol 2). i3Neurons are modestly transfectable, with 5 % to 10 % of cells showing fluorescent protein expression after 24 hr. We have found that refreshing neuronal medium 1 to 2 hr after transfection both allows successful DNA entry into cells and largely prevents cytotoxicity resulting from the transfection reagent. Unlike iPSCs, i3Neurons show increased protein expression/accumulation over time, with greater fluorescence 48 to 72 hr after transfection than at 24 hr. Transient transfections also show more durable expression in i3Neurons than iPSCs, likely because episomes are not diluted by cell division. i3Neurons can be transfected in suspension (i.e., re-plating after day 3 of differentiation) or as an adherent culture, although better results are observed in adherent cultures. They are also amenable to serial transfections (i.e., re-transfecting with the same construct 24 hr apart) if higher-percentage transfections are desired.
ALGORITHMS FOR MODELING PROCESS SPENDING AND REPLENISHMENT OF RESOURCE GROUPING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Tolok I. , Lienkov Ye.
Published: December 2019

This article explores the basic initial steps for constructing an enlarged structural diagram of an algorithm for modeling the processes of spending and replenishing resource of a grouping military objects in normative planning mode. The organizations responsible for operating the groupings have an important task of timely planning for repair of weapons and military equipment (WME) and military equipment and supplies to the grouping of new objects. Obviously, solution of such a problem is possible only on the basis of applying a mathematical model process of expenditure and replenishment of resource (PERR) of grouping objects, with which you can predict the composition and resource of the grouping, and taking into account the forecast obtained, find (calculate) optimal plans for replenishing its resource. The article shows the results of studies various groups in terms of elucidating patterns of the occurrence of PERR in them. To do this, using the model, various grouping options can be generated with the specified characteristics, as well as calculating the optimal plans for replenishing resource for a specific group of military equipment (user groups), save these plans in a database, and then make refinement calculations taking into account current changes in grouping. It is assumed that by the time this algorithm is launched, all the necessary data structures have already been created in random access memory of the personal computer, user has already selected an implementation option for the grouping for which simulation is performed. Also, the number of implementations of modeling process and coefficient specifying range of variation limit on the consumption of resource objects (in percent) are given. In each iteration, process of PERR objects the i-th type is simulated at a given forecast interval
Emotion Regulation in Persons with an Increased Risk of Mental Trauma (on the example of the Internal Affairs officers)
Authors: Padun M.A. , Sorokko E.A.
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the study of emotion regulation strategies in officers of Department of internal affairs (DIA) in comparison with persons whose activities are not associated with the risk of mental trauma. The hypothesis is that employment in activities related to the risk of psychological trauma is associated with specific patterns of emotion regulation, which are suppression of emotional expression and misrepresentation in their own emotional state. Along with questionnaire methods, the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test - IPANAT was used. It is shown that police officers are more likely to deform answers in self-reporting methods than people not related to work in the police system. Police officers are likely to suppress emotions and less likely to resort to emotion regulation than persons whose profession is not associated with the risk of mental trauma. There is a significant subgroup of individuals among the police officers who are characterized by a mismatch of explicit and implicit assessments of emotional states. This group is characterized by dysfunctional strategies for emotion regulation associated with rumination and catastrophic significance of emotional situations.
Specificity of Understanding of Deception at Presenile and Senile Age
Authors: Melehin A.
Published: December 2019

The article shows that since the age of 61-74, partial changes are observed in the understanding of deception with a predominance of an emotional-egocentric shift. There are no difficulties in understanding the social situation and the ability to draw conclusions about the false beliefs of only one person (“first-order” representations). At presenile (61-74 years) and senile (75-90 years) age, there is a shortage of representations of the "second" order of the mental model. The phenomenon of denial of socio-cognitive changes or specific cognitive anosognosia (i.e. most people at senile age do not notice a change in understanding of fraud) is described. General predictors of the deception understanding are highlighted: socio-demographic (level of education) and psychological (symptoms of depression, solitude, satisfaction with the quality of life, subjective age) as well was age-specific predictors: changes in family, work status, cognitive functioning and polymorbidity.
Psychological Assessment of Suicidal Risk: the Ratio of Pro- and Anti-Suicidal Personality Factors
Authors: Safuanov F.S. , Sochivko O.I.
Published: December 2019

An experimental psychological examination of 40 individuals (16 men and 24 women aged 18 to 21 years) who made suicide attempt was carried out. The control group consisted of 34 cadets of a higher educational institution (14 men and 20 women aged 18 to 21 years) who did not have a history of auto-aggressive actions. Methods used: “Suicide Risk Questionnaire” in the modification of T.М. Razuvaeva; “Questionnaire of interpersonal relations” by V. Schutz in adaptation A.A. Rukavishnikov; "Life Style Index"; methodology "Study of self-relationship" S.R. Pantileeva.
The results of factor analysis showed that in the main group, pro-suicidal factors prevail: personal, communicative, related to the time perspective. Antisuicidal factors prevail in the control group, both stable (features of self-relationship, interpersonal interaction), and related to the updating of psychological defenses in traumatic conditions. It is concluded that a comparative analysis of suicidal and anti-suicidal factors is the basis of clinical, psychological and forensic expert diagnosis, should be used when choosing psychocorrective programs.
Peculiarities of Mental and Behavioral Disorders in Children Released from Iraqi Prison
Authors: Zakharova N. , Milekhina A.V.
Published: December 2019

The article provides data from a survey of 61 children (members of families of militants of the Islamic State terrorist organization) released from an Iraqi prison. Mental, psychological and behavioral disorders identified during clinical and psychological examination are described. The role of multiple psycho-traumatic factors in the construction of mental disorders in children who are forced to stay in a zone of local military conflict for a long time and survived heavy losses is shown. Based on the results, 6 groups were identified, united by similar symptoms and gender-age characteristics. It is noted that such general psychodynamic trends as a delay in psychophysical development and pedagogical neglect come to the fore, accompanied by situationally caused anxiety-depressive reactions provoked by additional psycho-traumatic factors (separation from mother, change of habitual settings and environment). The necessity of taking into account the religious, ethical and ethno-cultural characteristics in the examination and development of a set of rehabilitation measures for these children is shown. Attention is focused on the difficulties of adaptation and rehabilitation of this population in a society which is new for them, constant dynamic monitoring of the examined is justified.
Racial Differences in Special Education Identification and Placement: Evidence Across Three States
Authors: GRINDAL TODD , SCHIFTER LAURA A. , SCHWARTZ GABRIEL , HEHIR THOMAS
Published: December 2019

In this article, Todd Grindal, Laura Schifter, Gabriel Schwartz, and Thomas Hehir examine race/ethnicity differences in students' special education identification and subsequent placement in segregated educational settings. Using individual-level data on the full population of K–12 public school students in three states, the authors find that racial and ethnic disparities in identification persist within income categories and are stronger for those disabilities that are typically identified in a school setting, such as learning disabilities or emotional disabilities, than those more often identified by a health-care provider, such as blindness or deafness. Also, Black and Hispanic students with disabilities were more likely to be placed in a substantially separate setting, compared to white students, regardless of income status. These results suggest that low-income status is insufficient to explain observed inequalities in the rate at which students of color are identified for special education and placed in substantially separate settings. A better understanding of the ways income status and race contribute to students' interactions with the special education system are critical for building a more equitable and just K–12 education system.
CS4Some? Differences in Technology Learning Readiness
Authors: PUCKETT CASSIDY
Published: December 2019

This article investigates the extent to which teens are ready to take advantage of the Computer Science for All (CS4All) initiative promoted in 2016 by the Obama administration. Using new survey data from a socioeconomically stratified random sample of eighth graders in regular neighborhood schools in Chicago, author Cassidy Puckett looks at differences in students' technology learning readiness, operationalized as the use of five technology learning habits, and home and school resources and practices that explain these differences. Findings show that students vary in their technology learning readiness, which suggests the need for intervention before high school, and that families shape readiness, but schools largely do not. This study contributes to debates about schools' relationship to inequality by identifying a mechanism through which policies can inadvertently exacerbate inequities without understanding and addressing readiness; it also offers possible methods for interventions in schools.
“Asians Are Good at Math” Is Not a Compliment: STEM Success as a Threat to Personhood
Authors: SHAH NIRAL
Published: December 2019

In this conceptual article, Niral Shah critically analyzes how the narrative that “Asians are good at math” positions Asian people as racial subjects. Despite being false, the “Asians are good at math” narrative is prominent in STEM education and is also familiar to the general public. To analyze the narrative's discursive impact on Asian personhood, Shah uses poststructural race theory and Mills's notion of the racial contract, focusing on the interaction between discourses of STEM and discourses of race. Rather than a harmless compliment, Shah argues that the type of mathematical success implied in the narrative dehumanizes Asian people and perpetuates White supremacy, and calls for racial equity and justice work in STEM education to account for ontological questions of personhood alongside traditional concerns about academic content learning and economic access to STEM careers.
Аnti-inflammatory effects of vitamin K on women's health
Authors: Zagaynova Valeria A. , Bespalova Olesya N.
Published: December 2019

This article presents the latest research data on the role of vitamin K in the implementation of its multiple non-classical extra-coagulation effects associated with the regulation of a number of physiological and pathological processes in the human body. In recent years, numerous studies have been performed on vitamin K function to better understand the effects of this micronutrient and its significance in various biological reactions. Vitamin K is well known to be a cofactor of the -carboxylation of a number of proteins, which is necessary for their activation and is part of the so-called vitamin K cycle. The cycle enzymes, metabolites and vitamin K-dependent proteins are identified and expressed in many cells and tissues of the human body: skin, lungs, liver, kidneys, vascular endothelium, nervous and bone tissues, reproductive (endometrium, ovaries, placenta) and immune systems. There were analyzed the main mechanisms of vitamin K action through vitamin K-dependent proteins. The results of epidemiological and experimental studies prove the association of reduced vitamin K levels with the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, overall mortality, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, progression of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. On the contrary, vitamin K increased intake has a positive effect on the immune and nervous systems, as well as on a number of other somatic pathologies, including breakdowns in the reproductive sphere. These data confirm the multifunctional role of vitamin K in various organs and systems of organism, presenting as high potential further studies in the field of determining vitamin K levels.
In vitro antimycotic sensitivity of the genus candida yeast and lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotic strain
Authors: Spasibova Elena V. , Savicheva Alevtina M.
Published: December 2019

Hypothesis/aims of study. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the vagina. Herewith, a synergistic effect of lactobacilli and antifungal drugs in VVC treatment is suggested. In this regard, it seems relevant to study the effect of antimycotics used to treat VVC on the enhanced L. casei rhamnosus 35 (LCR35) probiotic strain. This study was aimed to determine the sensitivity to antimycotic drugs of the probiotic LCR35 strain included in the Lactoginal vaginal capsules, as well as the sensibility of the genus Candida yeast under separate and joint cultivation with lactobacilli.

Study design, materials and methods. LCR35 was cultured on a MRS agar. Identification of bacteria grown on the medium, as well as clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, isolated from the vagina, was performed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The sensitivity of yeast was determined on a modified Mller-Hinton agar with 40% glucose and methylene blue. Discs with fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and nystatin were used. Interpretation of growth inhibition zones was carried out according to EUCAST-2018 or according to the recommendations of the disc manufacturer.

Results. The probiotic LCR35 strain is resistant to antimycotics that are effective against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. When determining the sensibility of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis to antimycotics in separate and joint cultivation with LCR35, no differences were found in the degree of yeast-like fungi growth suppression.

Conclusion. The probiotic LCR35 strain, which is part of the Lactoginal vaginal capsules, is resistant to antimycotic drugs and does not affect the sensitivity of the tested yeast-like fungi to antimycotics.
The First Very Broadband Mediterranean Network: 30 Yr of Data and Seismological Research
Authors: Pondrelli Silvia , Di Luccio Francesca , Scognamiglio Laura , Molinari Irene , Salimbeni Simone , D'Alessandro Antonino , Danecek Peter
Published: December 2019

Starting in 1988, with the installation of the first broadband (BB) instrument in Italy, the Mediterranean Very Broadband Seismographic Network (MedNet) program established a backbone network of BB stations of the highest quality in the Mediterranean Sea countries. The Mediterranean region is characterized by relevant and frequent seismicity related to its complex tectonics, due to the convergence of two major plates, Africa and Eurasia, and the involvement of other minor plates, as the Adriatic plate. Therefore, the MedNet project became a scientific research infrastructure of excellence, able to fill the gap of regional coverage when the availability of seismic BB instruments was still scarce. The main characteristics of the MedNet network are the highest quality of the seismographic instrumentation at remote sites and very low level of anthropogenic noise with stable conditions of pressure and temperature. After 30 yr of recordings, the MedNet program has proven that the early adoption of very BB instruments in selected sites have been the best choice. A large number of studies benefited from MedNet data, as seismic source computation and Earth structure reconstruction, at local and global scale.

We present a concise overview of the contribution given by MedNet data in the last three decades to motivate and financially support the existence of this valuable infrastructure, and to further maintain this project.