bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural resource management in an energy‐constrained future in the United States
Authors: Svedarsky W. Daniel , Trauger David L. , Schad David R.
Published: January 2014

The plenary theme at the 2008 annual conference of The Wildlife Society was, “Thriving within limits: toward a scenario of hope.” Wildlife professionals are still grappling with how wildlife management relates to sustainability as global limits, especially energy, become more obvious in affecting resource management. “Sustainability” as used in this paper is derived from the commonly cited, Brundtland Report definition of sustainable development as, “…development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Further, it is activity that simultaneously addresses the interlinked aspects of economy, environment, and social well‐being. To be effective in the future, natural resources agencies and organizations (NGOs) will be compelled to 1) reduce energy use by increasing efficiency of unavoidable uses and reducing optional energy uses; 2) anticipate how energy costs will affect resource use by various stakeholders; and 3) mitigate climate change by reducing combustion processes and thereby greenhouse gases. Because of their fundamental missions, natural resource entities have a special obligation to employ exemplary conservation practices. Challenges are great, but opportunities are significant. Higher fuel costs will constrain some management practices, but may limit further development of more rural and underdeveloped lands, thereby reducing habitat fragmentation and often wildlife damage complaints. Will energy costs promote smaller vehicles, reduction of some management practices, greater focus on recreational areas closer to population centers, consolidation of offices with other entities, and more video‐conferencing of meetings? Will wildlife management be effectively integrated into landscapes where energy crops are produced along with food and where “life‐cycle analysis” measures the full ecological footprint of land management? Agencies and NGOs can partner with stakeholders to design landscape use that is more sustainable (less pollution, conserving of energy and soil, more biologically diverse), provides better connections to nature, and enhances overall resource conservation. Educational institutions have a critical role because they are instrumental in preparing future resource managers. © 2014 The Wildlife Society. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Mixed Micellar Properties and Related Interaction Parameters of Butanediyl‐1,4‐bis(dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide) Gemini Surfactant with Nonionic Amphiphiles
Authors: Kabir‐ud‐Din  , Sharma Gaurav , Koya P. Ajmal
Published: January 2014

Mixed micellization of cationic gemini surfactant butanediyl‐1,4‐bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide) with nonionic surfactants (sorbitan esters, alcohols and phenol ethoxylates) and triblock copolymers has been studied tensiometrically. Various physicochemical parameters of the studied systems including ideal CMC values, experimental and ideal micellar compositions, interaction parameters, activity coefficients of the components, etc. have been evaluated by considering theoretical models of Clint, Rubingh, Rosen and Maeda. The experimental critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of the mixed micelles were lower than the CMC values of the individual components and showed a negative deviation from ideal CMC (CMC*) values. The analysis reveals that the mole fractions of gemini are lower compared to the nonionic surfactants/triblock polymers and the values of ΔGm°, ΔGad°, Gmin and ΔGexm show that the spontaneity of the studied mixed micelles relatively decreases as the content of the gemini in the bulk phase increases.
Gender and incidence of dementia in the Framingham Heart Study from mid‐adult life
Authors: Chêne Geneviève , Beiser Alexa , Au Rhoda , Preis Sarah R. , Wolf Philip A. , Dufouil Carole , Seshadri Sudha
Published: January 2014

Background

Gender‐specific risks for dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) starting in midlife remain largely unknown.

Methods

Prospectively ascertained dementia/AD and cause‐specific mortality in Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants was used to generate 10‐ to 50‐year risk estimates of dementia/AD on the basis of the Kaplan–Meier method (cumulative incidence) or accounting for competing risk of death (lifetime risk [LTR]).

Results

Overall, 777 cases of incident dementia (601 AD) occurred in 7901 participants (4333 women) over 136,266 person‐years. Whereas cumulative incidences were similar in women and men, LTRs were higher in women older than 85 years of age. LTR of dementia/AD at age 45 was 1 in 5 in women and 1 in 10 in men. Cardiovascular mortality was higher in men with rate ratios decreasing from approximately 6 at 45 to 54 years of age to less than 2 after age 65.

Conclusion

Selective survival of men with a healthier cardiovascular risk profile and hence lower propensity to dementia might partly explain the higher LTR of dementia/AD in women.
BAYESIAN ASYMMETRIC LOGIT MODEL FOR DETECTING RISK FACTORS IN MOTOR RATEMAKING
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez J.M. , Negrín-Hernández M.A. , García-García C. , Gómez-Déniz E.
Published: January 2014

Modelling automobile insurance claims is a crucial component in the ratemaking procedure. This paper focuses on the probability that a policyholder reports a claim, where the classical logit link does not provide a right model. This is so because databases related with automobile claims are often unbalanced, containing more non-claims than the presence of claims. In this work an asymmetric logit model, which takes into account the large number of non-claims in the portfolio, is considered. Both, logit and asymmetric logit models from a Bayesian point of view, are used to a sample that was collected from a major automobile insurance company in Spain in 2009, resulting in a dataset of 2,000 passenger vehicle. We establish the validity of the asymmetric model in front of the conventional logit link. The use of a garage, the age of the vehicle and the duration of the client's relation with the company are all shown to be significant explanatory variables by the logit model. The asymmetric model includes, in addition, the length of time the policyholder has held a driving licence and the type of use made of the vehicle. The asymmetric model provides a better fit to the data examined.
Reading Class through Shakespeare, Donne, and Milton
Authors: Warley Christopher
Published: January 2014

Why study Renaissance literature? Reading Class through Shakespeare, Donne, and Milton examines six canonical Renaissance works to show that reading literature also means reading class. Warley demonstrates that careful reading offers the best way to understand social relations and in doing so he offers a detailed historical argument about what class means in the seventeenth century. Drawing on a wide range of critics, from Erich Auerbach to Jacques Rancière, from Cleanth Brooks to Theodor Adorno, from Raymond Williams to Jacques Derrida, the book implicitly defends literary criticism. It reaffirms six Renaissance poems and plays, including poems by Donne, Shakespeare's Hamlet, and Milton's Paradise Lost, as the sophisticated and moving works of art that generations of readers have loved. These accessible interpretations also offer exciting new directions for the roles of art and criticism in the contemporary, post-industrial world.
High Accuracy Computing Methods
Authors: Sengupta Tapan
Published: January 2014

This book presents topics in a single source format using unified spectral theory of computing. With developments of DNS and LES, practitioners are rediscovering waves as important in fluid flows, and capturing these numerically is central to high accuracy computing. Analysis of waves and its use in numerical methods in propagating energy at the right velocity (dispersion effects) and with right amplitude (dissipation) are essential. Most industrial codes using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with turbulence models cannot conceive of capturing waves. The new themes covered in this book are:
• Correct error propagation analysis
• Practical compact schemes and global analysis tool
• Aliasing error and its alleviation
• Spurious upstream propagating q-waves
• Explanation of the Gibbs phenomenon
• New 1D and 2D filters for LES/DNS without SGS modelling
• Anisotropic skewed wave propagation
• Development and analysis of dispersion relation preservation (DRP) schemes
• Flow instabilities and wave propagation phenomena
An Account of the Basalts of Saxony
Authors: d'Aubuisson de Voisins Jean François
Published: January 2014

Jean-François Daubuisson (1769–1841), geologist and engineer, was an Officer of the Légion d'Honneur, Knight of St Louis and Chief Engineer at the Royal Mining Corps. He published numerous papers on geology, mining and hydraulics, and is best known for his textbooks, Traité de géognosie and Traité d'hydraulique. He studied geology and mineralogy in Freiburg with Abraham Werner, the key proponent of Neptunism, the theory that all rocks had an aqueous origin. Later in his career Daubuisson was to side with the Plutonists, who argued that basalts formed from molten rock. However, in this paper, published in French in 1803, he describes his observations of the basalts of Saxony and argues that they, and all basalts, are sedimentary. This English translation by the Secretary of the Wernerian Natural History Society was published in 1814, and provides a fascinating insight into this discredited but once influential theory of the Earth.
Attitudes to Endangered Languages
Authors: Sallabank Julia
Published: January 2014

Language attitudes and ideologies are of key importance in assessing the chances of success of revitalisation efforts for endangered languages. However, few book-length studies relate attitudes to language policies, or address the changing attitudes of non-speakers and the motivations of members of language movements. Through a combination of ethnographic research and quantitative surveys, this book presents an in-depth study of revitalisation efforts for indigenous languages in three small islands round the British Isles. The author identifies and confronts key issues commonly faced by practitioners and researchers working in small language communities with little institutional support. This book explores the complex relationship of ideologies, identity and language-related beliefs and practices, and examines the implications of these factors for language revitalisation measures. Essential reading for researchers interested in language endangerment and revitalisation, sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology and language policy and planning, as well as language planners and campaigners.
Shakespeare's Stage Traffic
Authors: Clare Janet
Published: January 2014

Shakespeare's unique status has made critics reluctant to acknowledge the extent to which some of his plays are the outcome of adaptation. In Shakespeare's Stage Traffic Janet Clare re-situates Shakespeare's dramaturgy within the flourishing and competitive theatrical trade of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. She demonstrates how Shakespeare worked with materials which had already entered the dramatic tradition, and how, in the spirit of Renaissance theory, he moulded and converted them to his own use. The book challenges the critical stance that views the Shakespeare canon as essentially self-contained, moves beyond the limitations of generic studies and argues for a more conjoined critical study of early modern plays. Each chapter focuses on specific plays and examines the networks of influence, exchange and competition which characterised stage traffic between playwrights, including Marlowe, Jonson and Fletcher. Overall, the book addresses multiple perspectives relating to authorship and text, performance and reception.
Commutator methods for the spectral analysis of uniquely ergodic dynamical systems
Authors: TIEDRA DE ALDECOA R.
Published: January 2014

We present a method, based on commutator methods, for the spectral analysis of uniquely ergodic dynamical systems. When applicable, it leads to the absolute continuity of the spectrum of the corresponding unitary operators. As an illustration, we consider time changes of horocycle flows, skew products over translations and Furstenberg transformations. For time changes of horocycle flows we obtain absolute continuity under assumptions weaker than those to be found in the literature, and for skew products over translations and Furstenberg transformations we obtain countable Lebesgue spectrum under assumptions not previously covered in the literature.
Quantum vortex dynamics under the tangent representation of the local induction approximation
Authors: Van Gorder Robert A.
Published: January 2014

We derive the local induction approximation (LIA) for a quantum vortex filament in the arclength coordinate frame where the tangent vector is the unknown function. The equation for the tangent vector to the filament is then converted to a potential form, which ends up being a type of nonlinear Schrödinger equation that governs the tangential LIA model (T-LIA). Such a formulation was previously derived by Umeki for the standard fluid model (in the absence of superfluid friction terms). While it is challenging to generalize many of the exact solutions found for the standard LIA to the quantum LIA model, we demonstrate that the T-LIA model facilitates this generalization nicely. Indeed, under the T-LIA model, we are able to construct a variety of solutions. The Hasimoto solution related to elastica is one of the fundamental solutions present for the standard fluid model; however, using the T-LIA model, we are able to demonstrate the existence of such a solution, thereby extending the Hasimoto solution to the superfluid case. In the zero-temperature limit, purely self-similar solutions are shown to exist for the T-LIA model. As the superfluid warms (so that the influence of the normal flow is no longer negligible), the analogue to the self-similar solution is a new class of solutions, which depend on the similarity variable as well as a time-dependent additive scaling. In other words, the self-similar structures gradually deform as the magnitude of the normal-fluid velocity increases, which makes complete physical sense. When dealing with small deviations from the central axis of alignment, we can describe such solutions analytically. There exists a family of helical vortex filaments in the presence of a normal fluid impinging on the vortex, in complete agreement with the previously studied results for the LIA model. Finally, a number of soliton solutions are shown to exist in different regimes of the T-LIA model.
The Political Economy of European Wine Regulations
Authors: Meloni Giulia , Swinnen Johan
Published: January 2014

The wine market in the European Union is heavily regulated. Despite the many distortions in the wine market as a consequence, reforming the regulations has proven difficult. This paper analyzes the political economy mechanism that created existing wine regulations. We document the historical origins of the regulations and relate these to political pressures that resulted from international integration, technological innovations, and economic developments. (JEL Classifications: K23, L51, N44, N54, Q13)
A NEW UNIQUE CONTINUATION PROPERTY FOR THE KORTEWEG–DE VRIES EQUATION
Authors: CHEN MO , GAO PENG
Published: January 2014

The aim of this paper is to obtain a new unique continuation property (UCP) for the Korteweg–de Vries equation posed on a finite interval. Compared with the previous UCP, we need fewer conditions on the solution. For this purpose, we have to establish a global Carleman estimate for the Korteweg–de Vries equation.
The anthropology of the state and the state of anthropology in Brunei
Authors: Fanselow Frank
Published: January 2014

This article provides a detailed account of the process of invention of a nationalist tradition for Brunei, the most tradition-conscious nation in Southeast Asia. It shows how Brunei's nationalist tradition emerged at the interface of colonial records, indigenous oral and written sources, ethnographic fieldwork, and anthropological theories. For this purpose the article traces the history of anthropological research in northern Borneo from its colonial beginnings to its postcolonial role in nation-building and shows how anthropology and anthropologists have — sometimes unknowingly, sometimes deliberately — played an active role in the shaping of Negara Brunei Darussalam.
Two new nematode species, Linhystera breviapophysis and L. longiapophysis (Xyalidae, Nematoda), from the East China Sea
Authors: Yu Tingting , Huang Yong , Xu Kuidong
Published: January 2014

Two new species of free-living nematodes discovered from the sediments in the East China Sea are described: Linhystera breviapophysis sp. nov. and L. longiapophysis sp. nov. Both species possess a dorso-caudally directed gubernacular apophysis, which makes them distinctly different from the two already known species of Linhystera. Linhystera breviapophysis is characterized by a gubernacular apophysis about 3.3 μm long, the presence of a crown of cervical setae and a filiform tail. Linhystera longiapophysis is characterized by a prominent gubernacular apophysis about 10 μm long, sparse cervical setae and a long filiform tail. An emended diagnosis of Linhystera and a pictorial dichotomous key to the species are given.
Antenatal betamethasone increases vascular reactivity to endothelin-1 by upregulation of CD38/cADPR signaling
Authors: Lee J.-H. , Zhang J. , Massmann G. A. , Figueroa J. P.
Published: January 2014

Antenatal steroid administration is associated with hypertension in adult life; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unclear. The aim of this study was to further characterize the effects of antenatal glucocorticoid exposure on the endothelin (ET-1) system, specifically to ascertain the role of the cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR)/ryanodine receptor pathway in the increased sensitivity to ET-1 observed in the offspring exposed to antenatal glucocorticoids. Pregnant sheep were randomly treated with betamethasone (Beta; 0.17 mg/kg) or vehicle at 80 and 81 days of gestation. In adults, we studied endothelium-denuded arterial segments of the brachial arteries. ET-1-induced vasoconstriction was significantly higher in the arteries from Beta sheep (F=3.5,P<0.05). Inhibition of ADP-ribosyl cyclase with 2-2'-dihydroxy-azobenzene significantly decreased the ET-1-induced contraction in Beta but not in vehicle-treated sheep. Nicotinamide attenuated ET-1 contraction in both, but it was significantly more pronounced in the Beta-treated sheep. No significant differences were observed following KCl-induced (6.25–75 mM) contraction. Nicotinamide (10 mM) significantly attenuated the KCl-induced vasoconstriction in both groups. In KCl (62.5 mM)-constricted arteries, the effect of nicotinamide (NIC) was significantly greater in the vehicle-treated sheep (50% relaxationv. 40% relaxation;t=2.2,P<0.05). In contrast, the sodium nitroprusside (SNP) relaxation was not statistically different. An additive effect was observed when NIC and SNP were used in combination and it was also more pronounced in vehicle-treated sheep. We conclude that the increased response to ET-1 is mediated by activation of the CD38/cADPR signaling pathway. Further studies are required to identify the effectors downstream from cADPR affected by exposure to antenatal steroids.
Sex-specific effects of low protein diet on in utero programming of renal G-protein coupled receptors
Authors: Cooke C.-L. , Zhao L. , Gysler S. , Arany E. , Regnault T. R. H.
Published: January 2014

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important risk factor for development of hypertension, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Maternal low protein (LP) intake during rat pregnancy leads to IUGR in male and female offspring, although females may be resistant to the development of effect. Current evidence suggests that changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in utero contribute to this programmed hypertension, via sex-specific mechanisms. The previously orphaned G-protein coupled receptor (GPR91) was identified as a central player in the development of hypertension in adult mice, through a RAS-dependent pathway. However, whether the GPR91 pathway contributes to fetal programming is unknown. Furthermore, the nature of involvement of downstream modulators of the RAS including Gqα/11α and GαS has not been investigated in IUGR-LP rats. Therefore, we postulated that renal GPR91, in conjunction with RAS, is differentially impacted in a sex-specific manner from LP-induced IUGR rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed control (C, 20% protein) or LP (8% protein) diet until embryonic day 19 (E19) or postnatal d21. At E19, GPR91 protein and mRNA were increased in both male and female LP kidneys (P<0.05), whereas renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were only increased in males (P=0.06 and P<0.05, respectively). On d21, AT1R and Gqα/11α were increased in LP males, while in LP females, AT2R protein was elevated and renin expression was decreased (P<0.05). This study demonstrates that in IUGR-LP rats, up regulation of GPR91 in fetal kidney is mirrored by increased ACE and renin in males. These in utero alterations, when combined with postnatal increases in AT1R-Gqα/11α specifically in male offspring, may predispose to the development of hypertension.
Short- and long-term effects of maternal perinatal undernutrition are lowered by cross-fostering during lactation in the male rat
Authors: Wattez J.-S. , Delahaye F. , Barella L. F. , Dickes-Coopman A. , Montel V. , Breton C. , Mathias P. , Foligné B. , Lesage J. , Vieau D.
Published: January 2014

Undernutrition exposure during the perinatal period reduces the growth kinetic of the offspring and sensitizes it to the development of chronic adult metabolic diseases both in animals and in humans. Previous studies have demonstrated that a 50% maternal food restriction performed during the last week of gestation and during lactation has both short- and long-term consequences in the male rat offspring. Pups from undernourished mothers present a decreased intrauterine (IUGR) and extrauterine growth restriction. This is associated with a drastic reduction in their leptin plasma levels during lactation, and exhibit programming of their stress neuroendocrine systems (corticotroph axis and sympatho-adrenal system) in adulthood. In this study, we report that perinatally undernourished 6-month-old adult animals demonstrated increased leptinemia (at PND200), blood pressure (at PND180), food intake (from PND28 to PND168), locomotor activity (PND187) and altered regulation of glycemia (PND193). Cross-fostering experiments indicate that these alterations were prevented in IUGR offspring nursed by control mothers during lactation. Interestingly, the nutritional status of mothers during lactation (ad libitum feeding v. undernutrition) dictates the leptin plasma levels in pups, consistent with decreased leptin concentration in the milk of mothers subjected to perinatal undernutrition. As it has been reported that postnatal leptin levels in rodent neonates may have long-term metabolic consequences, restoration of plasma leptin levels in pups during lactation may contribute to the beneficial effects of cross-fostering IUGR offspring to control mothers. Collectively, our data suggest that modification of milk components may offer new therapeutic perspectives to prevent the programming of adult diseases in offspring from perinatally undernourished mothers.
Increased placental neurosteroidogenic gene expression precedes poor outcome in the preterm guinea pig
Authors: Cumberland A. L. , Palliser H. K. , Hirst J. J.
Published: January 2014

Placental 5α-reductase (5αR) is influenced byin uterocompromises and has a role in regulating neuroactive steroid concentrations in the fetus. The objective of this study was to determine if changes in placental 5αR were associated with neonatal outcome after birth. Guinea pigs were delivered by cesarean section at term (GA69,n=22) or preterm (GA62,n=36) and the placenta collected. Preterm neonates were maintained for 24 h unless their condition deteriorated before this time. Enzyme mRNA expression of 5αR type-1 and 5αR type-2 were determined using real-time PCR. All preterm neonates had significantly higher 5αR2 expression in their placenta compared with placentae from term neonates (P<0.0001). Expression was also markedly higher in the placentae from neonates that did not survive until 24 h, compared with surviving preterm neonates (P=0.04). These findings suggest differences ofin uteroneurosteroidogenic capacity between surviving and non-surviving preterm guinea pig neonates. The increased 5αR2 mRNA expression in the placenta of non-survivors suggests an induction of the neurosteroid pathway due to prior exposure to anin uterocompromise, with such exposure possibly a predisposing factor that contributed to their poorex uterooutcome.
Synergistic cytotoxicity of gemcitabine, clofarabine and edelfosine in lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Valdez B C , Zander A R , Song G , Murray D , Nieto Y , Li Y , Champlin R E , Andersson B S
Published: January 2014

Treatments for lymphomas include gemcitabine (Gem) and clofarabine (Clo) which inhibit DNA synthesis. To improve their cytotoxicity, we studied their synergism with the alkyl phospholipid edelfosine (Ed). Exposure of the J45.01 and SUP-T1 (T-cell) and the OCI-LY10 (B-cell) lymphoma cell lines to IC10–IC20 levels of the drugs resulted in strong synergistic cytotoxicity for the 3-drug combination based on various assays of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cell death correlated with increased phosphorylation of histone 2AX and KAP1, decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential, increased production of reactive oxygen species and release of pro-apoptotic factors. Caspase 8-negative I9.2 cells were considerably more resistant to [Gem+Clo+Ed] than caspase 8-positive cells. In all three cell lines [Gem+Clo+Ed] decreased the level of phosphorylation of the pro-survival protein AKT and activated the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) stress signaling pathway, which in J45.01 cells resulted in the phosphorylation and heterodimerization of the transcription factors ATF2 and c-Jun. The observed rational mechanism-based efficacy of [Gem+Clo+Ed] based on the synergistic convergence of several pro-death and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways in three very different cell backgrounds provides a powerful foundation for undertaking clinical trials of this drug combination for the treatment of lymphomas.
Collective Autoionization in Multiply-Excited Systems: A novel ionization process observed in Helium Nanodroplets
Authors: LaForge A. C. , Drabbels M. , Brauer N. B. , Coreno M. , Devetta M. , Di Fraia M. , Finetti P. , Grazioli C. , Katzy R. , Lyamayev V. , Mazza T. , Mudrich M. , O'Keeffe P. , Ovcharenko Y. , Piseri P. , Plekan O. , Prince K. C. , Richter R. , Stranges S. , Callegari C. , Möller T. , Stienkemeier F.
Published: January 2014

Free electron lasers (FELs) offer the unprecedented capability to study reaction dynamics and image the structure of complex systems. When multiple photons are absorbed in complex systems, a plasma-like state is formed where many atoms are ionized on a femtosecond timescale. If multiphoton absorption is resonantly-enhanced, the system becomes electronically-excited prior to plasma formation, with subsequent decay paths which have been scarcely investigated to date. Here, we show using helium nanodroplets as an example that these systems can decay by a new type of process, named collective autoionization. In addition, we show that this process is surprisingly efficient, leading to ion abundances much greater than that of direct single-photon ionization. This novel collective ionization process is expected to be important in many other complex systems, e.g. macromolecules and nanoparticles, exposed to high intensity radiation fields.
Analysis of N-methylpyrrolidine in cefepime hydrochloride by ion chromatography using suppressed conductivity detection with solid-phase extraction pre-treatment
Authors: Page Nathanael , Stevenson Richard , Powell Mark
Published: January 2014

N-Methylpyrrolidine (NMP) is the principal hydrolysis product of cefepime hydrochloride, a β-lactam antibiotic. Here we develop a sample preparation method for NMP in cefepime hydrochloride which significantly improves the stability of sample solutions.
Synthesis, structure and reactivity of FeII/III–NH3 complexes bearing a tripodal sulfonamido ligand
Authors: Sickerman Nathaniel S. , Peterson Sonja M. , Ziller Joseph W. , Borovik A. S.
Published: January 2014

Complexes [MnMST(NH3)]n−3 (Mn = FeII, FeIII, GaIII) were prepared and each contains a intramolecular hydrogen bonding network involving the ammonia ligand.
Porous inorganic nanostructures with colloidal dimensions: synthesis and applications in electrochemical energy devices
Authors: Tartaj Pedro , Amarilla Jose M.
Published: January 2014

Porous colloidal nanostructures are ideal materials for batteries, supercapacitors, solar and fuel cells (electrochemical devices that operate on renewable energy).
A new D2d-symmetry DyIII mononuclear single-molecule magnet containing a monodentate N-heterocyclic donor ligand
Authors: Wang Ya-Li , Gu Bin , Ma Yue , Xing Cui , Wang Qing-Lun , Li Li-Cun , Cheng Peng , Liao Dai-Zheng
Published: January 2014

By adopting pyrazole to the system of Ln(hfac)3·2H2O with the strong electron-withdrawing effect, a D2d-symmetry DyIII mononuclear single-molecule magnet containing a monodentate N-heterocyclic ligand was designed and synthesized.
Hierarchical composites of TiO2 nanowire arrays on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance
Authors: Cao Xinrui , Tian Guohui , Chen Yajie , Zhou Juan , Zhou Wei , Tian Chungui , Fu Honggang
Published: January 2014

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO)–TiO2 nanowire array hierarchical composites were prepared via an in situ controlled growth process and subsequent calcination, and showed much higher H2 production activity than that of pure TiO2 and RGO–TiO2 generated by mechanical mixing.
ZnCo2O4 nanowire arrays grown on nickel foam for high-performance pseudocapacitors
Authors: Wang Shubo , Pu Jun , Tong Yao , Cheng Yuanyuan , Gao Yan , Wang Zhenghua
Published: January 2014

ZnCo2O4 nanowire arrays on nickel foam were synthesized through a hydrothermal and subsequent annealing process for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.
Solid-state electrochromic devices: relationship of contrast as a function of device preparation parameters
Authors: Kumar Amrita , Otley Michael T. , Alamar Fahad Alhasmi , Zhu Yumin , Arden Blaise G. , Sotzing Gregory A.
Published: January 2014

The establishment of a relationship between device performance parameters is reported here for a versatile one-step preparation method of a large area solid-state electrochromic device.
Manganese carbonyl terpyridyl complexes: their synthesis, characterization and potential application as CO-release molecules
Authors: Compain Jean-Daniel , Bourrez Marc , Haukka Matti , Deronzier Alain , Chardon-Noblat Sylvie
Published: January 2014

MnI carbonyl terpyridyl complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The tricarbonyl derivative exhibits interesting behaviors for controlled CO-release by both thermal and photosynthetic pathways.
Lustrous Material Appearances: Internal and External Constraints on Triggering Conditions for Binocular Lustre
Authors: Mausfeld Rainer , Wendt Gunnar , Golz Jürgen
Published: January 2014

Lustrous surface appearances can be elicited by simple image configurations with no texture or specular highlights, as most prominently illustrated by Helmholtz' demonstration of stereoscopic lustre. Three types of explanatory framework have been proposed for stereoscopic lustre, which attribute the phenomenon to a binocular luminance conflict, an internalised physical regularity (Helmholtz), or to a disentangling of “essential” and “accidental” attributes in surface representations (Hering). In order to investigate these frameworks, we used haploscopically fused half-images of centre-surround configurations in which the luminances of the test patch were dynamically modulated. Experiment 1 shows that stereoscopic lustre is not specifically tied to situations of a luminance conflict between the eyes. Experiment 2 identifies a novel aspect in the binocular temporal dynamics that provides a physical basis for lustrous appearances, namely the occurrence of a temporal luminance counter-modulation between the eyes. This feature sheds some light on the internal principles underlying a disentangling of “accidental” and “essential” surface attributes. Experiment 3 reveals an asymmetry between a light and a dark reference level for the counter-modulations. This finding again suggests an interpretation in terms of an internalised physical regularity with respect to the dynamics of perceiving illuminated surfaces.
MAGIC: access portal to a cross-platform gene expression compendium for maize
Authors: Fu Qiang , Fierro Ana Carolina , Meysman Pieter , Sanchez-Rodriguez Aminael , Vandepoele Klaas , Marchal Kathleen , Engelen Kristof
Published: January 2014

Summary: To facilitate the exploration of publicly available Zea mays expression data, we constructed a maize expression compendium, making use of an integration methodology and a consistent probe to gene mapping based on the 5b.60 sequence release of Z. mays. The compendium is made available through a web portal MAGIC that hosts a variety of analysis tools to easily browse and analyze the data. Our compendium is different from previous initiatives in combining expression values across different experiments by providing a consistent gene annotation across different platforms.

Availability and implementation:  http://bioinformatics.intec.ugent.be/magic/

Contact:  kathleen.marchal@ugent.be

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Characterizing cancer subtypes as attractors of Hopfield networks
Authors: Maetschke Stefan R. , Ragan Mark A.
Published: January 2014

Motivation: Cancer is a heterogeneous progressive disease caused by perturbations of the underlying gene regulatory network that can be described by dynamic models. These dynamics are commonly modeled as Boolean networks or as ordinary differential equations. Their inference from data is computationally challenging, and at least partial knowledge of the regulatory network and its kinetic parameters is usually required to construct predictive models.

Results: Here, we construct Hopfield networks from static gene-expression data and demonstrate that cancer subtypes can be characterized by different attractors of the Hopfield network. We evaluate the clustering performance of the network and find that it is comparable with traditional methods but offers additional advantages including a dynamic model of the energy landscape and a unification of clustering, feature selection and network inference. We visualize the Hopfield attractor landscape and propose a pruning method to generate sparse networks for feature selection and improved understanding of feature relationships.

Availability: Software and datasets are available at http://acb.qfab.org/acb/hclust/

Contact:  m.ragan@uq.edu.au

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Evolutionary solution for the RNA design problem
Authors: Esmaili-Taheri Ali , Ganjtabesh Mohammad , Mohammad-Noori Morteza
Published: January 2014

Motivation: RNAs play fundamental roles in cellular processes. The function of an RNA is highly dependent on its 3D conformation, which is referred to as the RNA tertiary structure. Because the prediction or experimental determination of these structures is difficult, so many works focus on the problems associated with the RNA secondary structure. Here, we consider the RNA inverse folding problem, in which an RNA secondary structure is given as a target structure and the goal is to design an RNA sequence that folds into the target structure. In this article, we introduce a new evolutionary algorithm for the RNA inverse folding problem. Our algorithm, entitled Evolutionary RNA Design, generates a sequence whose minimum free energy structure is the same as the target structure.

Results: We compare our algorithm with INFO-RNA, MODENA, RNAiFold and NUPACK approaches for some biological test sets. The results presented in this article indicate that for longer structures, our algorithm performs better than the other mentioned algorithms in terms of the energy range, accuracy, speedup and nucleotide distribution. Particularly, the generated RNA sequences in our method are much more reliable and similar to the natural RNA sequences.

Availability and implementation: The web server and source code are available at http://mostafa.ut.ac.ir/corna/erd.

Contact:  mgtabesh@ut.ac.ir
Correcting density-dependent effects in abundance estimates from bottom-trawl surveys
Authors: Kotwicki Stan , Ianelli James N. , Punt André E.
Published: January 2014

Indices of abundance are important for estimating population trends in stock assessment and ideally should be based on fishery-independent surveys to avoid problems associated with the hyperstability of the commercial catch per unit effort (cpue) data. However, recent studies indicate that the efficiency of the survey bottom trawl (BT) for some species can be density-dependent, which could affect the reliability of survey-derived indices of abundance. A function qe∼f(u), where qe is the BT efficiency and u the catch rate, was derived using experimentally derived acoustic dead-zone correction and BT efficiency parameters obtained from combining a subset of BT catch data with synchronously collected acoustic data from walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS). We found that qe decreased with increasing BT catches resulting in hyperstability of the index of abundance derived from BT survey. Density-dependent qe resulted in spatially and temporarily variable bias in survey cpue and biased population age structure derived from survey data. We used the relationship qe∼f(u) to correct the EBS trawl survey index of abundance for density-dependence. We also obtained a variance–covariance matrix for a new index that accounted for sampling variability and the uncertainty associated with the qe. We found that incorporating estimates of the new index of abundance changed outputs from the walleye pollock stock assessment model. Although changes were minor, we advocate incorporating estimates of density-dependent qe into the walleye pollock stock assessment as a precautionary measure that should be undertaken to avoid negative consequences of the density-dependent qe.
Hazard warning: model misuse ahead
Authors: Dickey-Collas Mark , Payne Mark R. , Trenkel Verena M. , Nash Richard D. M.
Published: January 2014

The use of modelling approaches in marine science, and in particular fisheries science, is explored. We highlight that the choice of model used for an analysis should account for the question being posed or the context of the management problem. We examine a model-classification scheme based on Richard Levins' 1966 work suggesting that models can only achieve two of three desirable model attributes: realism, precision, and generality. Model creation, therefore, requires trading-off of one of these attributes in favour of the other two: however, this is often in conflict with the desires of end-users (i.e. mangers or policy developers). The combination of attributes leads to models that are considered to have empirical, mechanistic, or analytical characteristics, but not a combination of them. In fisheries science, many examples can be found of models with these characteristics. However, we suggest that models or techniques are often employed without consideration of their limitations, such as projecting into unknown space without generalism, or fitting empirical models and inferring causality. We suggest that the idea of trade-offs and limitations in modelling be considered as an essential first step in assessing the utility of a model in the context of knowledge for decision-making in management.
A redshift-dependent colour–luminosity relation in Type 1a supernovae
Authors: Mohlabeng Gopolang M. , Ralston John P.
Published: January 2014

Type 1a supernova magnitudes are used to fit cosmological parameters under the assumption that the model will fit the observed redshift dependence. We test this assumption with the Union 2.1 compilation of 580 sources. Several independent tests find that the existing model fails to account for a significant correlation of supernova colour and redshift. The correlation of magnitude residuals relative to the Λ CDM model and colour × redshift has a significance equivalent to 13 standard deviations, as evaluated by randomly shuffling the data. Extending the existing B − V colour correction to a relation linear in redshift improves the goodness of fit χ2 by more than 50 units, an equivalent 7σ significance, while adding only one parameter. The colour−redshift correlation is quite robust, cannot be attributed to outliers and passes several tests of consistency. We review previous hints of redshift dependence in colour parameters found in bin-by-bin fits interpreted as parameter bias. We show that neither the bias nor the change Δχ2 of our study can be explained by those effects. The previously known relation that bluer supernovae have larger absolute luminosity tends to empirically flatten out with increasing redshift. The best-fitting cosmological dark energy density parameter is revised from ΩΛ = 0.71 ± 0.02 to ΩΛ = 0.74 ± 0.02 assuming a flat universe. One possible physical interpretation is that supernovae or their environments evolve significantly with increasing redshift.
Planobispora takensis sp. nov., isolated from soil
Authors: Ngaemthao Wipaporn , Suriyachadkun Chanwit , Chunhametha Suwanee , Niemhom Nantawan , Thawai Chitti , Sanglier Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2014

A novel Gram-stain–positive, filamentous bacterial strain (A-T 7458T) was isolated from soil collected from hill evergreen forest in Thailand. The strain developed cylindrical sporangia containing a longitudinal pair of motile spores, on short ramifications of aerial mycelia. From a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, strain A-T 7458Thad typical characteristics of members of the genusPlanobispora. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate was closely related toPlanobispora siamensisA-T 4600T(98.5 %),Planobispora roseaJCM 3166T(97.6 %) andPlanobispora longisporaNBRC 13918T(97.6 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness values, which differentiated the novel strain from the closest species, were significantly below 70 %. The cell-wall peptidoglycan containedmeso-diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell sugars contained ribose, madurose, mannose and glucose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H2). The diagnostic phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannoside and aminophosphoglycolipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C17 : 1and C18 : 1, and saturated C16 : 0and C17 : 0. Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the novel isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genusPlanobispora, to be namedPlanobispora takensissp. nov. The type strain is A-T 7458T( = BCC 48396T = NBRC 109077T).
Novosphingobium malaysiense sp. nov. isolated from mangrove sediment
Authors: Lee Learn-Han , Azman Adzzie-Shazleen , Zainal Nurullhudda , Eng Shu-Kee , Fang Chee-Mun , Hong Kui , Chan Kok-Gan
Published: January 2014

A novel bacterium, strain MUSC 273T, was isolated from mangrove sediments of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang in peninsular Malaysia. The bacterium was yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming. The taxonomy of strain MUSC 273T was studied by a polyphasic approach and the organism showed a range of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus

Novosphingobium

. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MUSC 273T showed the highest sequence similarity to those of

Novosphingobium indicum

H25T (96.8 %),

N. naphthalenivorans

TUT562T (96.4 %) and

N. soli

CC-TPE-1T (95.9 %) and lower sequence similarity to members of all other species of the genus

Novosphingobium

. Furthermore, in phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 273T formed a distinct cluster with members of the genus

Novosphingobium

. DNA–DNA relatedness of strain MUSC 273T to the type strains of the most closely related species,

N. indicum

MCCC 1A01080T and

N. naphthalenivorans

DSM 18518T, was 29.2 % (reciprocal 31.0 %) and 17 % (reciprocal 18 %), respectively. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10, the major polyamine was spermidine and the DNA G+C content was 63.3±0.1 mol%. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingoglycolipid. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c, C17 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, C15 : 0 2-OH and C16 : 1ω7c. Comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated that strain MUSC 273T represented a unique DNA profile. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain MUSC 273T represents a novel species of the genus

Novosphingobium

, for which the name Novosphingobium malaysiense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MUSC 273T ( = DSM 27798T = MCCC 1A00645T = NBRC 109947T).
An unmet actin requirement explains the mitotic inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Kaur Satdip , Fielding Andrew B , Gassner Gisela , Carter Nicholas J , Royle Stephen J
Published: January 2014

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major internalisation route for many different receptor types in mammalian cells. CME is shut down during early mitosis, but the mechanism of this inhibition is unclear. Here we show that the mitotic shutdown is due to an unmet requirement for actin in CME. In mitotic cells, membrane tension is increased and this invokes a requirement for the actin cytoskeleton to assist the CME machinery to overcome the increased load. However, the actin cytoskeleton is engaged in the formation of a rigid cortex in mitotic cells and is therefore unavailable for deployment. We demonstrate that CME can be 'restarted&' in mitotic cells despite high membrane tension, by allowing actin to engage in endocytosis. Mitotic phosphorylation of endocytic proteins is maintained in mitotic cells with restored CME, indicating that direct phosphorylation of the CME machinery does not account for shutdown. Now published as eLife DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00829