bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI SONIKASI TAK LANGSUNG DALAM RANGKA PRODUKSI KITOSAN
Authors: Arifin Zainal
Published: March 2021

Keberhasilan produksi kitosan dengan metode termokimiawi telah diketahui. Kitosan dihasilkan melalui proses deasetilasi kitin menggunakan alkali kuat pada konsentrasi tinggi, suhu tinggi, dan waktu yang lama. Inovasi teknologi diperlukan untuk mendapatkan proses produksi kitosan yang lebih efisien dengan hasil optimal. Ultrasonikasi-kimia adalah inovasi teknologi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini dalam rangkaproduksi kitosan berbasis limbah udang dengan memanfaatkan gelombang ultrasonik 42 kHz. Sejumlah kitin (2 g) ditambahkan larutan NaOH dengan variasi konsentrasi antara 55-70%  menurut rasio tertentu dalam erlenmeyer yang terpasang pada ultrasonic bath bersuhu 70oC. Ultrasonik dijalankan dengan berbagai variasi waktu (10-30 menit). Kitosan yang dihasilkan dicuci hingga netral dan dikeringkan kemudian dianalisis derajat deasetilasinya menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Interpretasi nilai derajat deasetilasi dilakukan dengan metode baseline Sabnis and Block. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi terbaik deasetilasi tercapai pada konsentrasi NaOH 70% dan waktu reaksi 30 menit. Penggunaan gelombang ultrasonik untuk deasetilasi mampu mereduksi waktu reaksi deasetilasi sehingga dapat dikatakan lebih efisien. Hasil uji kualitas kitosan dengan parameter kadar air, kadar abu, viskositas, dan derajat deasetilasi masing-masing adalah 9.94%, 0.34%, 3.2 cP, dan 85.02%. Kitosan yang dihasilkan larut sempurna dalam asam asetat 1% dan secara umum sesuai untuk aplikasi bidang pangan.Kata kunci: derajat deasetilasi, kitin, kitosan, ultrasonik Abstrack-Thermochemically preparation of chitosanis as well as known. Chitosanis producedthroughthedeacetylationof chitinusingstrongalkaliat high concentrations, high temperatures,and a long time. Technological innovationhas requiredtoobtainchitosanproduction processmore efficient. In this paper indirect sonocationtechnology used to produce ofchitosan-based shrimp wasteusingultrasonicbath which offrequency 42kHz. A number ofchitin(2g) was added a solution ofNaOHwithconcentration between55-70% toa certain ratio.The mixture was irradiated in the ultrasonic bath at a set temperature (70oC) for a controlled period (10-30min). Chitosanwas neutralizedand driedthen analyzedof degree of deacetylation usingFourier Transform InfraredSpectroscopy(FTIR). The degree of deacetylation was interpreted by the SabnisandBlock baseline method. The results showedthat thebestcondition fordeacetylationwas achieved in70%of NaOH and reaction time30 min. Theparameters moisture content, ash content, viscosity, anddegree ofdeacetylation were found to be 9.94%, 0.34%, 3.2 cP, 85.02%, respectively. Chitosancompletely dissolvedin1%of aceticacidand suitablefor food application as edible film. Keywords: chitin, chitosan, degree of deacetylation, ultrasound
MODEL ADSORPSI TIMBAL (Pb) DAN SENG (Zn) DALAM SISTEM AIR-SEDIMEN DI WADUK RIAM KANAN KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Nisa Chatimatun , Irawati Utami , Sunardi Sunardi
Published: March 2021

Logam berat merupakan unsur yang seringkali menjadi polutan utama dalam pencemaran air dan dapat membahayakan kehidupan organisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi pola perpindahan ion logam Pb dan Zn dari badan air ke sedimen berdasarkan fenomena adsorpsi isoterm di waduk Riam Kanan Kecamatan Aranio Kabupaten Banjar. Selain itu , penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi terhadap rona awal waduk Riam Kanan, dinamika, dan keadaan ion logam Pb dan Zn di sepanjang waduk Riam Kanan dari hulu hingga hilir. Metode yang digunakan adalah Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) dengan menggunakan instrumen Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (AAS). Hasil analisis laboratorium diperoleh rata-rata kandungan Pb di air sebesar 0,0494 ppm – 0,2582 ppm, Zn sebesar 0,0002 ppm – 0,0370 ppm, sedangkan sedimen Pb sebesar 6,8311 mg/kg – 21,1756 mg/kg dan Zn 3,3778 mg/kg – 28,3522 mg/kg. Berdasarkan data percobaan ternyata perpindahan ion logam Pb dan Zn ke sedimen akan mengikuti model adsorpsi Langmuir dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,8167 dan 0,8801. Keywords: Model adsorpsi, logam berat (Pb dan Zn), air, sedimenHeavy metals are often considered as main contaminant in water pollution and its highly dangerous for  living organisms in the contaminated area. The aim of this research  is to predict the movement pattern of Pb and Zn metal ions from water onto sediment in the Riam Kanan Reservoir, Aranio Sub-district, Banjar District. In addition, this study is expected to give information on the initial condition of Riam Kanan reservoir; dynamics; and the fate of Pb and Zn ions from upstream to downstream. The samples were analysed using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Result of laboratory analysis showed that in the water, contents of metal Pb were 0.0494 ppm – 0.2582 ppm, Zn 0.0002 ppm – 0.0370 ppm. In the sediment, contents of Pb were 0.8311 mg/kg – 21.1756 mg/kg and Zn 3.3778 mg/kg – 28.3522 mg/kg. Based on the experimental data, it was found that the displacement of Pb and Zn onto sediment complies with Langmuir adsorption model where the  determination coefficient (R2) were 0.8167 and 0.8801 respectively. Keywords: Adsorption model, heavy metal (Pb and Zn), water, sediment
PENGARUH ABU PELEPAH PISANG SEBAGAI KATALISATOR BASA PADAT TERHADAP ANGKA ASAM PRODUK BIODIESEL
Authors: Mardina Primata , Prayudi Aldipo , Chumaidi Mirza
Published: March 2021

Penggunaan minyak dedak padi mentah dengan kandungan asam lemak bebas yang tinggi akan menghasilkan biodiesel dengan kandungan impurities yang tinggi jika dibuat dengan reaksi transesterifikasi berkatalisator basa homogen. Untuk meminimalisasi kandungan impurities dalam produk biodiesel, maka digunakan katalisator basa padat yang berasal dari bahan alam yaitu abu pelepah pisang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi abu pelepah pisang sebagai katalisator basa padat terhadap banyaknya kandungan asam lemak bebas sebagai impurities dalam produk biodiesel. Biodiesel dibuat dengan cara mencampurkan minyak dedak padi mentah, metanol dan abu pelepah pisang dalam labu leher tiga yang dilengkapi dengan piringan pemanas, pengaduk magnet dan pendingin balik. Sistem dijaga suhunya pada 60oC dan molar rasio antara metanol dan minyak dedak mentah sebesar 6:1. Proses pembuatan biodiesel ini menggunakan konsentrasi katalisator sebesar 1%, 2% dan 3%w/w minyak dengan pengambilan waktu sampel 30, 60 dan 90 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi abu pelepah pisang menghasilkan kecenderungan yang positif terhadap kandungan asam lemak bebas dalam produk biodiesel, yang dinyatakan dengan semakin menurunnya nilai angka asam. Angka asam terkecil adalah 76,1885 mg KOH/gram sampel terjadi pada konsentrasi katalisator 3%w/w untuk waktu reaksi 90 menit.  Keywords: biodiesel, katalisator basa padat, angka asam The effect of ash from pseudo stem of banana as base solid catalyst on free fatty acid content in biodiesel product from crude rice bran oil was investigated. The base solid-catalyzed transesterification for synthesis of biodiesel from crude rice bran oil was carried out in a laboratory scale reactor. The reaction temperature and stirring speed were maintained constant at 60oC and 400 rpm for 30, 60 and 90 minutes.  Molar ratio of metanol to crude rice bran oil was 6:1 and the concentration of catalyst was 1% , 2% and 3% based weight of oil. The results showed that the addition of concentration of  solid base catalyst brought positive trend on free fatty acid content in biodiesel, which expressed by the declining of the acid value. The smallest acid value was 76.1885 mg KOH/gram at 3% w/w catalyst for 90 minutes of reaction time.Keywords: biodiesel, solid base catalyst, acid value.
EKSTRAKSI SILIKA DARI ABU SEKAM PADI DENGAN PELARUT KOH
Authors: Agung M Galang Fajar , Hanafie Sy Muhammad Rizal , Mardina Primata
Published: March 2021

Sekam padi sebagai limbah yang berlimpah khususnya di negara agraris, adalah salah satu sumber penghasil silika terbesar. Sekam padi mengandung sekitar 90%-98% silika setelah mengalami pembakaran sempurna. Pengambilan silika dari abu sekam padi dilakukan dengan proses ekstraksi padat cair menggunakan larutan alkali sebagai pelarut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi larutan alkali dan waktu operasi terhadap yield dari silika. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium. Sepuluh gram abu sekam padi dimasukkan ke dalam 60 mL larutan alkali dengan konsentrasi tertentu (5%w/w, 10% w/w dan 15% w/w) untuk diekstrak kandungan silika dengan waktu operasi tertentu (30, 60 dan 90 menit). Setelah proses ekstraksi selesai, larutan tersebut ditambahkan larutan HCl 1 N untuk mengendapkan silika. Silika yang terbentuk kemudian dipisahkan dari sisa larutan dengan penyaringan. Untuk menghilangkan kelembaban pada silika yang dihasilkan, maka dilanjutkan dengan proses pengeringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan yield silika terbesar adalah 50,49% terjadi pada KOH 10% dan waktu ekstraksi 90 menit.  Keywords: abu sekam padi, silika, KOH  Rice husks, the most abundant waste material in agricultural country, is the one of the silica rich raw materials. Rice husks contain about 90%-98% of silica after completed combustion. Recovery silica from ash of  rice husks was done by solid-liquid extraction using alkali solution. Different concentration of alkali solution (5% w/w, 10% w/w and 10% w/w) and different operation time (30, 60 and 90 minutes) were used to investigate their influence on yields of silica. The extraction process was carried out in laboratory scale. After extraction, process was continued by acidic solidification, filtration and drying. The result showed the biggest yield of  silica was 50, 49% at 10% KOH for 90 minutes . Keywords: ash of rice husks, silica, KOH
PERBANDINGAN LIMBAH DAN LUMPUR AKTIF TERHADAP PENGARUH SISTEM AERASI PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CPO
Authors: Sari Febrina Rantifa , Annissa Raudhah , Tuhuloula Abubakar
Published: March 2021

Limbah cair kelapa sawit berasal dari unit proses pengukusan, proses klarifikasi dan buangan dari hidrosiklon. Pada umumnya, limbah cair kelapa sawit mengandung bahan organik yang tinggi seperti 34,20% ekstrak tanpa N (komposisi kimia) dan 13,19 % Glutamit Asam (komposisi asam amino)sehingga potensial mencemari air tanah dan badan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem aerasi pada limbah CPO dan lumpur aktif dalam bak aerasi sehingga didapat penurunan konsentrasi BOD5, COD dan pH effluen serta mengetahui variasi perbandingan volume antara limbah CPO dengan lumpur aktif (activated sludge) terhadap optimalisasi penurunan nilai konsentrasiBOD5, COD dan pH effluen.Pada penelitian ini, limbah cair CPO dan lumpur aktif dimasukkan kedalam bioreaktor dengan variasi perbandingan volume. Kemudian masing-masing bioreaktor diaerasi dengan menggunakan aerator dan dilakukan pengamatan sistem aerasi terhadap penurunan nilai BOD5, COD, dan pH nya dengan menggunakan lumpur aktif. Hasil analisa didapatkan nilai optimum terjadi pada bioreaktor C (8:2)v/v dimana perbandingan antara limbah CPO dengan penambahan lumpur aktif lebih sedikit, nilai BOD5 22,4 mg/L dari nilai awal 25,6 mg/L, nilai COD 42,5953 mg/L dari nilai sampel awal 65,77 mg/L begitu pula nilai MLSS dan MLVSS meningkat pada Bioreaktor C dari 52690 mg/L menjadi 71060 mg/L. Keywords: Waktu retensi, tangki Aerasi, Lumpur Aktif, Limbah cair,  BOD5, COD. Liquid waste crude palm oil derived from strilizer unit, clarification unit and exiles from hydrocyclone. Liquid waste from crude palm oil industry such as34.20% extractwithoutN(chemical composition) and13.19% Glutamitacid(amino acidcomposition)might potentially contaminate ground water and water bodies. This studyaimed todetermine the effect of aeration systemonCPOandwasteactivated sludge in theaerationbasinin order to get the concentrationdecreasedBOD5, CODandpH of theeffluentanddetermine variations inthe ratio betweentheCPOwasteactivated sludgetooptimize theconcentrationimpairmentBOD5, CODandeffluentpH.In this study, liquid wasteandsludgeCPOinserted into thebioreactorwith avolumeratiovariation.Then eachaeratedbioreactorsusingaeratorsandaerationsystemswas observedtodecrease invalue ofBOD5, COD, andpHby usingactivated sludge. Analysisresultsobtainedoptimumvalueoccurs inbioreactorC(8:2) v/vCPOwhere thecomparisonbetweenthe wasteactivated sludgewiththe addition ofa little more,BOD5value of22.4mg/Lfrom baseline25.6mg/L, COD42,5953mg/Lofinitialsamplevalue65.77mg/Las well asthe value ofMLSSandMLVSSincreased inBioreactorCof52 690mg/Lto71060mg/L. Keywords: retention time, aeration tank, Activated sludge,liquid waste,BOD5, COD
PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN AKTIVASI SECARA FISIKA, KIMIA DAN FISIKA-KIMIA
Authors: Meisrilestari Yessy , Khomaini Rahmat , Wijayanti Hesti
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik produk hasil pembuatan arang aktif dari cangkang kelapa sawit secara aktivasi fisika, kimia dan fisika-kimia dan mengetahui kemampuan adsorpsi arang aktif dari cangkang kelapa sawit dalam uji adsorpsi dengan asam asetat 0,5 N. Proses aktivasi dilakukan secara kimia, fisika, dan fisika-kimia. Pada aktivasi secara fisika dilakukan dengan pemanasan pada suhu tinggi menggunakan furnace yaitu pada suhu 750oC selama 3 jam. Pada aktivasi secara kimia menggunakan ZnCl2 sebagai aktifator dan direndam selama 24 jam. Aktivasi secara fisika-kimia merupakan penggabungan dari aktivasi fisika dan aktivasi kimia. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian untuk mengetahui karakteristik arang aktif dan uji kemampuan daya adsorben arang aktif terhadap asam asetat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian arang aktif yang dibuat dari cangkang kelapa sawit dengan proses aktivasi secara fisika-kimia mempunyai daya jerap yang paling baik di antara arang aktif lain yang diaktivasi dengan proses fisika dan kimia. Pada waktu penjerapan 4 jam, arang aktif berdiameter 355 µm dengan aktivasi fisika-kimia mampu menjerap sebanyak 34,4% bagian dari larutan asam asetat 0,5 N.Keywords: Arang aktif, asam asetat, aktivasi, adsorpsiThis study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of activated carbon from coconut palm shell and also the performance of activated carbon for adsorption 0.5 N acetic acid solution. Activated carbon obtained from coconut palm shell was activated by chemical, physical and combination of physical and chemical methods. Physical activation was performed by heating the carbon at 750oC for 3 hours while chemical activation process was exhibited by immersing the carbon in ZnCl2 solution for 24 hours. Furthermore, the combination of physical-chemical activation was gained by heating carbon at 750oC for 3 hours and then immersing in ZnCl2 solution for 24 hours.The adsorption performance of activated carbon was investigated by immersing activated carbon in 0.5 N acetic acid solution for specific time. The result showed that activated carbon which was obtained by combination of physical and chemical process was the best among the other methods that mentioned earlier. The highest adsorption capacity for 0.5 N acetic acid solution was achieved 34,4% for 4 hours by using355 µm of particle size..Keywords: activated carbon, acetic acid, activation,adsorption
Application of an artificial neural network for predicting compressive and flexural strength of basalt fiber added lightweight concrete
Authors: Calis Gokhan , Yıldızel Sadık Alper , Keskin Ülkü Sultan
Published: March 2021

Concrete is known as one of the fundamental materials in construction with its high amount of use. Lightweight concrete (LWC) can be a good alternative in reducing the environmental effect of concrete by decreasing the self-weight and dimensions of the structure. In order to reduce self-weight of concrete artificial aggregates, some of which are produced from waste materials, are utilized, and it also contributes to develop a sustainable material Artificial neural networks have been the focus of many scholars for long time with the purpose of analyzing and predicting the lightweight concrete compressive and flexural strengths. The artificial neural network is more powerful method in terms of providing explanation and prediction in engineering studies. It is proved that the error rate of ANN is smaller than regression method. Furthermore, ANN has superior performance over nonlinear regression model. In this paper, an ANN based system is proposed in order to provide a better understanding of basalt fiber reinforced lightweight concrete. In the regression analysis predicted vs. experimental flexural strength, R-sqr is determined to be 86%. The most important strength contributing factors were analyzed within the scope of this study.
Factors associated with frequent marijuana consumption in young people before admission to juvenile detention centers in Peru
Authors: Al-kassab-Córdova Ali , Cornejo-Venegas Gonzalo , Gacharna-Madrigal Nataly , Baquedano-Rojas Carlos , De La Borda-Prazak Guillermo , Mejia Christian R.
Published: March 2021

Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the world, especially among young people. This study is relevant to policy makers because it expands the knowledge regarding drug use in vulnerable youth, allowing health authorities to reduce marijuana consumption via educational, family, and governmental strategies and policies. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of frequent marijuana consumption and its associated factors in young people before admission to juvenile detention centers in Peru. The data was taken from the 2016 National Population Census of the Youth Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Centers in Peru. The final sample was made up of 1,848 people with ages between 14 and 22 years old, with a median age of 17 (95.6% males). The variable frequent marijuana consumption was defined as the use of marijuana at least once a week, prior to entering the center. The main factors associated with frequent marijuana use were male sex, running away from home before the age of 15, physical abuse during childhood, having a family member who consumed alcohol or drugs frequently, and the presence of criminal gangs in the housing area. Additionally, it was found that living with parents up to a specific critical age decreases the probability of frequent use of marijuana in young people. These results could aid the development of strategies and public policies that help prevent the consumption of marijuana and other drugs from an early age.
Substance use, mental health and dual disorders on pregnancy: Results of prevalence and treatment rates in a developed country
Authors: Carmona Camacho Rodrigo , López Carpintero Nayara , Luisa Barrigón María , Ruiz Nogales Cristina , Menéndez Inés , Sánchez Alonso Montserrat , Caro Cañizares Irene , Hernández Aguado Juan José , Le Cook Benjamin , Alegría Margarita , Saviron Cornudella Ricardo , Plaza Javier , Baca-García Enrique
Published: March 2021

Smoking and substance use during pregnancy are major preventable causes of mortality and morbidity, having a bidirectional and deleterious relationship with the mental health of the mother and child. As part of the WOMAP (Woman Mental Health and Addictions on Pregnancy) initiative, our study aimed to describe the prevalence of co-occurring mental illness and substance use problems, diagnoses and severity of those considered at risk and rates of treatment.A screening of 2,014 pregnant women was done using the AC-OK scale and they were asked about their smoking habits and services use for mental health/substance abuse. Of these, 170 women were considered at risk of co-occurring mental illness and substance use problems (≥ 2 positive responses to the AC-OK-Mental Health subscale, ≥ 1 positive response to the AC-OK-Substance Abuse subscale and/or smoking more than once a month and no use of specialized services) and were assessed with a more extensive battery of measures (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], General Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7], Posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] Checklist for DSM-5 [PCL-5], Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT], Drug Abuse Screening Test [DAST] and Fagerström).In the last year, 614 women (30.5%) smoked tobacco (42.5% daily) and 9.8% were positive for both substance use and mental illness per the AC-OK. Only 11.1% of them received specific treatment in the previous three months while another 13.6% were scheduled to attend services in the following month. From the subsample assessed in depth, 62(36.5%) endorsed at least moderate depression, 35(20.6%) endorsed at least moderate anxiety, 32(18.8%) endorsed PTSD on the PCL, and 37 out of 88 alcohol users scored above the threshold in AUDIT (≥ 3). In conclusion, high prevalence and low treatment rates suggest that effective detection mechanisms should be integrated into usual care, allowing for early interventions.
Caracterización del juego de azar en Galicia: Un problema de Salud Pública
Authors: Rey-Brandariz Julia , Pérez-Ríos Mónica , Santiago-Pérez María Isolina , Lorenzo María , Malvar Alberto , Hervada Xurxo
Published: March 2021

Debido a la expansión de los juegos de azar, los trastornos asociados al juego se convierten en un gran problema social con una alta relevancia para la Salud Pública, afectando tanto a adultos como a adolescentes. Los principales objetivos de este estudio fueron conocer la prevalencia de gallegos que gastaron dinero en juegos de azar en el último año y de jugadores con un trastorno de juego o de riesgo. Los datos se obtuvieron del estudio transversal realizado en 2017 por el Sistema de Información sobre Conductas de Riesgo (SICRI). El SICRI se basa en la realización anual de encuestas telefónicas a la población gallega residente que tiene al menos 16 años de edad con la muestra equidistribuida en 12 meses. Un total de 7.841 participantes fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Con el objetivo de estimar la prevalencia de trastorno de juego o de riesgo se utilizó el cuestionario South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) de Lesieur y Blume. Se estimó la prevalencia de juego y jugadores con un trastorno de juego o juego de riesgo y se ajustaron modelos de regresión para identificar las variables asociadas al trastorno de juego o juego de riesgo. De la población gallega de 16 años en adelante, el 58,1% (IC 95%: 57,0-59,2) gastó dinero en juegos de azar en los 12 meses previos a la realización del estudio, siendo la prevalencia de jugadores más alta en los hombres (64,6% vs. 52,2%) en todos los grupos de edad. La prevalencia de trastorno de juego o juego de riesgo en la población es del 1,6% (IC 95%: 1,3-1,9), siendo más alta entre los hombres y en los jugadores más jóvenes. Las prevalencias obtenidas señalan al juego como un importante problema de Salud Pública, siendo los varones jóvenes los que tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar un problema asociado al juego.
Considerations about population-level alcohol-attributable mortality estimates
Authors: Trias-Llimós Sergi
Published: March 2021

Population-level estimates of alcohol-attributable mortality are challenging and face well-known assumptions which are highly determining the magnitude of the estimates. In this editorial, I highlight the main limitations of current (attributable-fraction) approaches to estimate alcohol-attributable mortality. Simultaneously, I suggest researchers considering the use of multiple causes of death, which would partly overcome some of the common limitations and biases in most of the current estimates.
COVID-19: A need for stricter control over unrecorded alcohol in Russia
Authors: Gil Artyom Urievich
Published: March 2021

Letter to the Editor.
Repeated degradation and progradation of a submarine slope over geological timescales
Authors: Jackson Christopher A-L. , McAndrew Andrew E. , Hodgson David M. , Dreyer Tom
Published: March 2021

Submarine slopes prograde via accretion of sediment to clinoform foresets and degrade in response to channel or canyon incision or to mass-wasting processes. The timescales over which progradation and degradation occur, and the large-scale stratigraphic record of these processes, remain unclear due to poor age constraints in subsurface-based studies and areally limited exposures of exhumed systems. We here integrate 3D seismic reflection and borehole data to study the geometry and origin of ancient slope canyons developed in late Mesozoic strata of the Måløy Slope, offshore Norway. Slope degradation and canyon incision commenced during the late Kimmeridgian, coincident with the latter stages of rifting. Later periods of canyon formation occurred during the Aptian to Albian and the Albian to Cenomanian, during early post-rift subsidence. The canyons are straight, up to 700 m deep, and 10 km wide on the upper slope and die out downdip onto the lower slope. The canyons trend broadly perpendicular to and crosscut most of the rift-related normal faults, although syn-filling fault growth locally helped to preserve thicker canyon-fill successions. The headwalls of the oldest (late Kimmeridgian) canyons are located at a fault-controlled shelf edge, where younger canyons overstep this fault, which was inactive when they formed, extending across the paleo-shelf. Downslope, Aptian to Albian canyons either erode into the older, late Kimmeridgian to Barremian canyon fills, forming a complicated set of unconformities, or in the case of the Albian to Cenomanian canyons, die out into correlative conformities. Boreholes indicate that the canyon bases are defined by sharp, erosional surfaces, across which we observe an abrupt upward shift from shallow- to deep-marine facies (i.e., late Kimmeridgian canyons), or deep marine to deep marine facies (Aptian to Albian and Albian to Cenomanian canyons). Missing biostratigraphic zones indicate the canyons record relatively protracted periods (c. 2–17 Myr) of structurally enhanced slope degradation and sediment bypass, separated by > 10 Myr periods of deposition and slope accretion. The trigger for slope degradation is unclear, but it likely reflects basinward tilting of this tectonically active margin, enhanced by incision of the slope by erosive sediment gravity flows. The results of our study have implications for the timescales over which large-scale slope progradation and degradation may occur on other tectonically active slopes, and the complex geophysical and geological record of these processes. We also show that canyon formation can cause large volumes of margin-derived sediment to bypass proximal sub-basins within rifted terranes, an important process not currently captured by marine rift-basin tectono-stratigraphic models.
Resistencia de unión a la dentina de dos cementos selladores de endodoncia después de la medicación intraconducto de hidróxido de calcio con dos tipos de vehículos
Authors: Reinoso Trabucco Angela Carolina , García Rupaya Carmen Rosa
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Comparar la resistencia de unión a la dentina del cemento sellador tipo Grossman (Grossdent) y Apexit Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent) después de la medicación intraconducto de hidróxido de calcio Ca(OH)2 con vehículos de paramonoclorofenol alcanforado (PMCFA) y de clorhexidina al 2% (CHX). Metodología: Estudio experimental in vitro. Se seleccionó una muestra de 44 dientes humanos monorradiculares y fueron divididos en 4 grupos con medicación intraconducto (n = 9) y 2 grupos control. Los dientes fueron desinfectados y los conductos radiculares instrumentados usando una técnica híbrida. Se medicaron dos grupos con hidróxido de calcio más PMCFA y dos grupos con hidróxido de calcio más CHX 2% durante dos semanas. De cada grupo con medicación uno fue obturado con cemento sellador endodóntico Grossman y el otro con Apexit Plus, mediante la técnica de compactación lateral. Los grupos control fueron obturados solo con los dos cementos anteriormente mencionados. Se cortaron las muestras en discos de 2 mm de espesor y fueron sometidas a prueba de empuje con una máquina de ensayo universal. Resultados: El valor de la media más alta lo obtuvo el grupo medicado con Ca(OH)2 más PMCFA y obturado con Apexit Plus (m 3,742 y DE 0,808), mientras que el valor más bajo lo presentó el grupo de Ca(OH)2 más PMCFA obturado con cemento Grossman (m 1,371 y DE 0,699), presentaron diferencias significativas (p < 0,001). Conclusión: La resistencia de unión a la dentina radicular se ve influenciada por la medicación intraconducto previa a la obturación endodóntica.
Relevancia de las rugas palatinas como método de identificación forense
Authors: Barrera Silva Almendra , Pacheco Rojas Angie Esmeralda , Quispe Lizarbe Roselhy Juliana
Published: March 2021

La identificación humana es uno de los objetivos principales de la odontología forense. Para llegar a esta identificación científica, el odontólogo debe encontrar propiedades tales como edad, sexo y características odontológicas individualizantes. La cavidad oral ofrece muchas posibilidades para la identificación, no solo a partir de los dientes y huesos de la cavidad craneal, sino también de los tejidos blandos orales; en consecuencia, ofrece un mayor campo de estudio. La rugoscopía, técnica basada en el estudio de las rugas palatinas, es un método de identificación muy poco explorado y de gran ayuda en la odontología forense para identificar personas. Las rugas palatinas son estructuras inmutables y perennes que, por su ubicación en la cavidad oral, están protegidas de cualquier trauma y no se alteran con la vecindad de las prótesis  dentales ni por sustancias químicas. Ya que todos presentamos rugas diferentes en cuanto a su tamaño, posición, número y disposición (su forma no cambia desde el nacimiento hasta la muerte), las rugas constituyen elementos importantes en el proceso de identificación de personas en casos en los que las huellas dactilares son irrecuperables. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación es revisar la reelevancia del análisis rugoscópico como un método efectivo y de bajo costo para la identificación de sujetos vivos, cadáveres recientes y cadáveres momificados o antiguos.
Comparación de la precisión de la longitud de trabajo de cuatro localizadores apicales electrónicos con limas de acero inoxidable y níquel-titanio en conductos mesiovestibulares de primeras molares inferiores.
Authors: Mio-Suclupe Rosa Eudocia , García-Rupaya Carmen Rosa
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: El propósito del estudio in vitro fue comparar la precisión de la longitud de trabajo de Root ZX mini, Proper Pixi, Woodpex III y Raypex 6 utilizando limas de acero inoxidable VDW C-Pilot n.º 15 y de níquel-titanio Maillefer n.º15. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio fue experimental in vitro. La muestra fue de treinta y cinco conductos mesiovestibulares de primeras molares inferiores, con cuatro localizadores apicales electrónicos Root ZX mini, Proper Pixi, Woodpex III y Raypex6. La longitud real se determinó con un calibrador Vernier digital y lamedición electrónica se realizó utilizando limas de acero inoxidable y de níquel-titanio. Resultados: Al comparar la longitud real y longitud electrónica, no se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Se halló diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar la precisión de Root ZX mini, Proper Pixi, Woodpex III y Raypex 6 con limas de acero inoxidable; mientras que la precisión con limas de níquel-titanio no se vio afectada.
Escisión de torus mandibular bilateral en paciente sistémicamente comprometido: reporte de caso
Authors: Jiménez-Castellanos Fabio Andrés , Arango-Piñeros Dayana Andrea , Toloza-Cubillos Camila Andrea
Published: March 2021

Introducción: El torus mandibular es un crecimiento exofítico óseo ubicado en el área lingual de la mandíbula, generalmente bilateral. Puede estar asociado con trastornos temporomandibulares, afectar la pronunciación, producir halitosis, interferir con la deglución y causar dolor en la mucosa cuando está bajo prótesis mal diseñadas. Normalmente, el tratamiento no es necesario, excepto por necesidades protésicas, problemas funcionales, retención de alimentos, trastornos fonéticos o en caso de que se vaya a usar como injerto óseo autólogo. El objetivo de este reporte de caso fue realizar la escisión del torus mandibular bilateral en un paciente sistémicamente comprometido para su posterior rehabilitación con una prótesis parcial removible. Se realizo la atención de una paciente de 66 años sexo femenino, a quien, luego de analizar los medios  diagnósticos y la evidencia científica, se le pudo realizar la escisión del torus mandibular bilateral de forma atraumática; esto permitió el correcto asentamiento de una prótesis parcial removible. La escisión del torus mandibular bilateral es un procedimiento seguro y predecible, y ayuda a evitar complicaciones protésicas, como el diseño de la estructura, y biológicas, como úlceras, depósitos de comida o halitosis, lo que devuelve laestabilidad y la función al sistema estomatognático.
Study on Preapplied Annulus Backpressure Increasing the Sealing Ability of Cement Sheath in Shale Gas Wells
Authors: Liu Kui , Ding Shidong , Zhou Shiming , Tao Qian , Zhang Linhai , Liu Rengguang , Gao Deli
Published: March 2021

Annulus pressure buildup (APB) problems in shale gas wells seriously affected on the safety and efficient exploitation of shale gas all around the world. The sealing failure of the cement sheath on interfaces caused by periodically changed fluid pressure in casing during hydraulic fracturing is treated as the main reason for APB in shale gas wells. Many methods are put forward to solve the APB problem in the field, and fortunately, the preapplied annulus backpressure (PABP) method shows an excellent utility. In this paper, an analytical model is established to explain the mechanism of the PABP method increasing the sealing ability of the cement sheath. The residual strain of the cement sheath and radial stress on interfaces are considered to analyze the factors that affect the effectiveness of the PABP method. In addition, based on the field data, an experimental device is established to test the validity of the PABP method and to certify the accuracy of the analytical model established in this paper. The analytical results show that the thickness of the casing has little effect on radial stress on interfaces. The outer diameter of the casing and the thickness of the cement sheath can temperately affect the radial stress. The elastic modulus of the cement sheath and the formation rock can significantly affect the radial stress. The higher elastic modulus of the cement sheath can dramatically increase the radial stress on interfaces. On the contrary, the higher elastic modulus of formation rock will induce smaller radial stress on the interfaces. In the field, the number of newly added shale gas wells with APB problems has dramatically decreased by using the PABP method. The work in this paper can be significantly useful for researchers and engineers to reduce the APB in shale gas wells.
Dietary Protein Deficiency in Early Life of F1 and F2 Generations of Sprague Dawley Rats Disrupts the Reproductive Function
Authors: Abey Nosarieme Omoregie , Ebuehi Osaretin Albert Taiwo , Imaga Ngozi Awa
Published: March 2021

Background: The ability to reproduce efficiently is an important characteristic that has evolved through natural selection. Nutrition can modulate reproductive activities at different levels, its effect on nutrition is therefore complex and less predictable. This study aims at investigating the underlying effect of persistent dietary protein deficiency during early life on reproductive parameters of subsequent (F1 and F2) generations.Method: Rats in group of four (4) were fed daily, with different ration of protein diet (PD) formulated as: 21% protein diet, 10%protein diet, 5%protein diet and control diet (rat chow, containing 16-18% protein). They were fed ad libitum before mating, throughout gestation and lactation, and next generations were weaned to the maternal diet. Reproductive function analysis (which include; gestation and pubertal hormonal profiling, onset of puberty, oestrus cyclicity, sexual response) and morphometric analysis of the ovarian structure were carried out to assess associated consequences.Results: showed significant reduction in the fertility index as a consequence of altered reproductive function in the protein deficient models at P≤ 0.05. Low protein diet posed suboptimal intrauterine condition, which was linked to increased prenatal morbidity and mortality, lowered birthweight delayed onset of puberty, induced cycle irregularity, altered follicular maturation and endocrine dysfunction in the protein deficient groups. Reproductive status of an individual female organism critically depends on the maintenance of ovarian structure and function that has been associated with the hypothalamic pituitary-gonadal axis, hormonal events and sexual maturity.Conclusion: There is therefore an association between persistent early life protein deficiency and reproductive response which mechanistically involves life-long changes in key ovarian cytoarchitecture and function.
Non-passivated manganese-based carbonaceous nanoparticles selectively target kidney outer
medulla, exhibiting renal clearance, high T1-weighted MRI contrast, subtle citotoxicity and
low opsonization level.
Authors: Garcia Yarima , Menezes Thais , Barros Marcela , Silva Elizabeth da , Maggi Lucas , Ventura Gustavo , Queiroz Rafaela de , Santos Andréia , Cruz Patricia , Dias Wagner , Frases Susana , Todeschini Adriane , Neves Jorge
Published: March 2021

Nanoparticle passivation by molecular recognition moieties (small molecules, aptamers, antibodies) imputes unique characteristics to nanoparticles (NPs) and unlocks their fascinating selectivity to targeting disease sites. Although non-passivated nanomaterials may archive selective targeting by exploring NP features and their interaction with biofluids proteins, such studies are scarce in the literature. Here, we report spherical manganese-based carbonaceous NPs (MnCQD), which specifically target mice kidneys after intravenous injection, even without direct surface chemical modification. Also, the NPs provide high image contrast in T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with subtle toxicological effects. The
unexpected selectivity of MnCQD to the kidney has been examined based on their determined intrinsic properties and their interaction with two blood proteins: Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), and Human Transferrin (HTF). More particularly, aspects such as size, composition, superficial charge, spectroscopic features, interaction mechanism, affinities, thermodynamic, and protein structural changes have been investigated. All these results highlight the excellent potential of MnCQD as a low toxic T1-MRI contrast agent and open the prospect of using non-functionalized NPs as a selective agent to target specific organs.
Comparative characteristics of intellectual property judges: Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA
Authors: Logvynenko M.I. , Shunko M.G.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the comparative characterization of specialized courts for the protection of intellectual property rights in Ukraine and developed foreign countries, such as Great Britain and the USA. The article deals with the historical background of the creation of a specialized court on intellectual property in Ukraine, as well as the legal systems in the field of protection of intellectual property rights of Great Britain and the USA, the analysis and consideration of the current judicial systems – in the consideration of civil and criminal cases in the field of intellectual property. property, litigation of the patent authorities of England and Wales, types of specialized courts and their unique procedural features. The nuances and practice of law enforcement activities of judges in the United States, the types and levels of penalties in civil and criminal cases, as well as the divergence of lawsuits and pre-trial procedural arrangements are outlined. The article reveals the similarity of the UK and US legal systems with those currently in force in Ukraine in dealing with intellectual property cases. The identified deficiencies relate to territorial inaccessibility, instances of inconsistency, and imperfection of the judicial system, as well as the defects of the national intellectual property and legal frameworks in place in comparison with the United Kingdom and the United States of America in the field of intellectual property. After researching and analyzing the intellectual property rights protection systems of leading countries in the world, such as England and the United States of America, the conclusions were clearly drawn as to the advisability of setting up a specialized court on intellectual property in Ukraine and the risks involved.
The article is devoted to the study of the legal status of cryptocurrency in Ukraine and its taxation
Authors: Reznik O.M. , Krasilyuk M.O.
Published: March 2021

Despite the lack of legal regulation of cryptocurrency, its spread is significant and cannot be stopped. However, we consider it necessary to emphasize that the legislative vacuum is the basis for offenses and a significant delay in the economic and legal development of the state. It is impossible to build a strong economy and promote business development, trying to avoid the “problematic” issues facing the state. The term “cryptocurrency” does not have a single definition, and some of the scientists refer to it as digital money (currency), some – to virtual currency. However, there are features that distinguish cryptocurrency from other virtual currencies, including: valuation, structure, anonymity, transparency, transaction execution, legal aspects. Therefore, the advantages of using cryptocurrency include: decentralization, inability to fake, deflation, low cost of maintenance, etc. It should be noted that at the moment there is no clear tax algorithm that will work for every country without exception. Given the economic, social, legislative and cultural characteristics of states, the definition of the legal status of cryptocurrency is different. In Ukraine, proper taxation of cryptocurrency cannot be implemented without defining the legal status at the legislative level, which is why it is one of the first steps of the state in the given direction. Considering the fact that additional funds for the state budget, and especially in the current economic situation, are never unnecessary and can be efficiently spent on expenditures in different spheres, the issue of taxation of cryptocurrency has become quite acute today as a way of attracting additional funds for the state. ensuring that it fulfills its tasks and functions.
Collectivization as a form of socialist reconstruction in the Stalinian USSR: historical and legal aspect
Authors: Sukhonos V.V. , Sukhonos V.V
Published: March 2021

An article on the shoes of the radical transformations that are joining them in Ukraine as they move towards a democratic, legal and social state, which sets the agenda on the risks and dangers of such reforms. In these conditions, the study of the Soviet experience becomes an identical example of the fact that any reconstruction contains not only positive but also negative aspects. Of course, it should not be considered that the capital of the USSR was not the subject of study of domestic and world science. In more detail, now formed two main areas of study of the capital, taking into account the concept of “enemy of the people”: the capital and anti-Stalinism. The same applies to collectivization. That is why, without prejudice to the selection of previous researchers, it should be noted that most of them are considered by collectivization in a purely legal aspect. Thus, with the help of this article there are statistics of historical and legal analysis of collectivization as one of the directions of Stalin’s reconstruction of the USSR. Most of the publications used with Stalinist themes are, one way or another, on the subject of repression. Today it is possible to conditionally allocate two main directions of realization of capital repressions. First, it was the destruction of the apparent and imaginary “opposition” to the Stalinist- Bolshevik regime. Secondly, it is the purification of the victims of “socialist reconstruction”, which is carried out in three directions: “industrialization”, “collectivization” and “cultural revolution”. As a general rule, the collective farm in the USSR was considered a form of agricultural production cooperative. The idea of agricultural cooperation corresponded to the socialist convictions of most politicians and thinkers of Soviet Russia and the USSR. However, the leadership of the USSR, headed by J. Stalin, put the collective farm form of agricultural cooperation, while, in fact, abandoning the main postulate of collective farm construction – voluntary association. At the same time, the frantic pace of continuous collectivization requires active resistance from the vast majority of peasants.
The concept of the legal status of law enforcement agencies
Authors: Makarchuk V.V.
Published: March 2021

The article is intended to formulate the author’s definition of the concept of the legal status of law enforcement agencies with the subsequent definition of its features. The urgency of the issue outlined in the article is due to the reform processes in the field of law enforcement in Ukraine. The article analyzes different opinions on the definition of «legal status» and «law enforcement agencies». Definitions and some features of law enforcement activity are also analyzed. Emphasis is placed on modern changes in socio- economic and political-legal conditions of law enforcement, the course of our state on European integration, which determine the constant need to reform the law enforcement system to ensure internal security, in accordance with modern social needs and capabilities of the state. It is noted that the country’s law enforcement agencies are key in the system of executive bodies and are a necessary condition for protecting the constitutional order, and ensuring law and order, respect for human and civil rights and freedoms and protection of internal security from internal threats. The structural distribution of the directions of the system of activity of law enforcement bodies is considered: ensuring the internal security of the state; activities for detection, prevention, prevention of crimes and offenses; activities for the protection of internal state security, state border and law enforcement; ensuring internal economic and information security. Each of these areas has its own characteristics that characterize a particular specificity of a body. It is concluded that different conceptual approaches to the legal status of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine are debatable. They can be used for further work towards the formation of a modern effective system of law enforcement, free from duplication of powers and parallelism, based on a modern understanding of their functioning, which is based on the priority of human rights and freedoms, respect for their honor and dignity, security and legal protection.