bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tobacco smoking of teenage girls as a medical and social problem of modern Ukraine
Authors:   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Bilyaev S.G. ,   City Clinical Maternity Hospital No.6, Kharkiv, Nazarenko L.G. ,   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education,   City Clinical Maternity Hospital No.6, Kharkiv, Bilyaeva I.S. ,   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education,   City Clinical Maternity Hospital No.6, Kharkiv, Gorbach T.V. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University, Fedota O.M. ,   Kharkiv National University named after. V. N. Karazin
Published: December 2020

The objective: based on objective tests, to clarify the true prevalence and medical and social aspects of tobacco smoking of adolescent girls in the regional center of the east of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Anonymous survey of 60 students of 10–11 grades of a secondary school of Kharkov at the age of 14–16 years was conducted. To objectivize the contact with the combustion products of tobacco, the survey was supplemented with a quantitative determination of the concentration of thiocyanide ions in the urine of the respondents. The content of the latter in the urine to 3 mg/l was considered as background (negative), 3–4 mg/l as borderline, and more than 4 mg/l as a positive result. Results. Determining the concentration of thiocyanide ions in the urine of the surveyed showed that 21 people out of 60 (35%) have direct contact with the combustion products of tobacco (thiocyanaturia within 4.13–9.01 mg/l); 17 out of 60 (28.3%) adolescent girls are active smokers, and 12 out of 17 give true information about their habit in questionnaires. The control group consisted of 39 people with a thiocyanaturia level of 0.68–3.47 mg/l, which indicates the absence of contact with tobacco smoke. Among the factors that influence the formation of the behavior of adolescent girls, the highest importance is the high welfare of the family, which entails the presence of a large amount of uncontrolled «pocket» money from a child, which is legalized not only by tobacco smoking, but also by the use of alcoholic beverages: smokers vs. 15% non-smokers (p<0.05) systematically use alcohol. All, without exception, smokers are exemplified by friends and acquaintances, which greatly exceeds the degree of influence of relatives. A provocative role is also played by the proximity of retail outlets selling small tobacco products to the school, combined with the lack of the teacher’s control. Conclusion. 35% of school girls between the ages of 14 and 16 years systematically have direct contact with tobacco smoke, 28.3% are active smokers. The presence of sufficiently large amounts of uncontrolled «pocket» money can be the foundation for the emergence and further reproach of the smoking habit. This is facilitated by communication with friends, smokers and the availability of tobacco products in retail outlets near the school. Key words: tobacco smoking, thiocyanate, adolescent girls.
Features of course of pregnancy at women with varicose phlebectasia of genitals
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Manzhula L.V.
Published: December 2020

The objective: to study features of course of pregnancy at women with varicose phlebectasia of genitals. Materials and methods. For the solution of a goal was the assessment of a clinical current of a gestation at 200 women with сliniсal-laboratory signs of varicose illness of the bottom extremities and genitals (the main 1 group) and 50 women of similar age and parity without clinical-laboratory signs of varicose illness (group 2 control) is carried out. In the main group we in addition allocated a subgroup of 1.1 – 42 women with varicose illness and varicose phlebectasia of genitals, respectively the subgroup 1.2 was made by 158 women with a varicose phlebectasia of only the bottom extremities. The complex of the conducted researches included clinical, laboratory, tool and statistical methods. Results. The obtained data testify that atypical localization varicose expanded veins of genitals is observed at 21.0% of women with varicose illness. The main complications of pregnancy at women with a varicose phlebectasia of genitals are not incubation threat in І a trimester – 53.3%; placental dysfunction – 33.3% and threat of premature births – 31.3%. Abortion frequency in І a trimester made 5 cases (11.9%), and premature births – respectively 3 (7.1%). Pregnant women with varicose phlebectasia of genitals in most cases (39 з 42 – 92.9%) were delivery by way of operation of Cesarean section. Conclusion. The obtained data needs to be considered when developing tactics of pregnancy and labors at women with a varicose phlebectasia of genitals. Key words: pregnancy, complications, varicose phlebectasia of genitals.
Evaluation of the cytokin status of women with miscarriage
Authors:   SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Skrypchenko N. , Vorobyova I. ,   SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Mazur T. ,   SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Tkachenko V. ,   SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv
Published: December 2020

During pregnancy, a unique new equilibrium state appears between the systems of the specific and nonspecific mothers immunity. Besides, the cytokine cascade is launched, which includes proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors of influence. The balance between these two groups of mediators determines the nature of the course and outcome of the gestation process. The objective: to determine the role of mediators of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reactions of gestation intercourse in patients with miscarriage. Materials and methods. The main group (the first group) was made up of 153 pregnant women with miscarriage. The control group (the second group) consisted of 25 relatively healthy women with a physiological course of pregnancy and a complcated obstetric and gynecological anamnesis, with one and more physiological births in anamnesis. The concentration of cytokines IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF- α in the blood and their content in cervical mucus by solid-phase immune-enzyme analysis was determined. Results. Consequences of previous pregnancies having a background of inflammatory complications of genital and extragenital genesis create conditions for long-term persistence of latent infection, including in the uterine cavity and cervical canal, followed by infection of the fetus, and contribute to the development of immune imbalance during gestation, which leads to a cascade of homeostasis disorders with the development of complications of the pregnancy intercourse and perinatal pathology. Thus, the presence of clinical symptoms of the threat of premature abortion occurs in the context of an increase in the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF- α and IL-1 β) in serum.Reducing the concentration of IL-10 in non-pregnant women, relative to such in control group, throughout the entire pregnancy in the blood and its content in cervical mucus indicates a violation of the balance of pro– and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the direction of pro-inflammatory reactions and violation of the local immune response. Conclusions. In women with a loss in the first trimester there is a pro-inflammatory activity of the immune response, which is an important pathogenetic factor in the development of abortion in different gestational periods. Key words: miscarriage, proinflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Features of pathogenesis of dysplasia of mammary glands without and against genital pathology at women of perimenopause age
Authors:   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University of the Ministry of health of Ukrain, Kruk O.Yu.
Published: December 2020

The objective: studying of aspects of pathogenesis of dysplasia of mammary glands without and a background of genital pathology at women of perimenopause age. Materials and methods. Еxamination of 100 patients of perimenopause age about the diagnosis of dysplasia of mammary glands was conducted. The group of comparison was made by 50 women. Along with the standard methods, physical and ultrasonic researches of mammary glands, dopplerografiya with color Doppler mapping of a blood flow in parenchyma arteries, hormonal research, on displays – an intraoperative biopsy and morphological techniques. Results. Research of levels of molecular and biological markers showed that for detection of proliferative activity in mammary glands at patients with dysplasia of mammary glands it is expedient to carry out dynamic quantitative definition and when rising more than for 20% of several markers, for example IL-6, sFas, IL-1 β, is the direct indication for carrying out biopsy with the subsequent cytologic research of the received material for diagnostics of proliferative phenotype. Conclusion. highlights of pathogenesis of dysplasia of mammary glands are clinical-anamnestic data, and also changes of a zytokines exchange and the main molecular and biological markers. The received results need to be used when developing complex of diagnostic and prognostic actions. Key words: dysplasia of mammary glands, pathogenesis, genital pathology, perimenopause age.
Modern non-medicated therapy of climacteric syndrome
Authors:   MCE Cherkasy Regional Hospital of Cherkasy Regional Council, Cherednichenko V.I. , Lakusta N.M. ,   Regional Perinatal Center, Cherkasy city, Pikul M.Yu. ,   Maksymiak, Chernenko V.I. ,   Maksymiak, Maksymiak O.Ya. ,   Maksymiak
Published: December 2020

The objective: to learn the effectiveness of non-medicated methods of treatment of climacteric syndrome with the use of HBO and metered physical activities. Materials and methods: 60 women with severe menopausal symptoms were examined. The patients were divided into two groups: • the main group – 35 women, who used terencuri or HBO for the treatment; • the comparative group – 25 women, who used hormone therapy. Results. The treatment of climacteric syndrome with the use of non-hormonal methods led to the significant decrease (P<0.05) in the majority of clinical symptoms. The most positive clinical dynamics was noticed in the main group, which is confirmed by a decrease of such symptoms as: hot flashes, sleep disorders, psychological and urinal disorders. Conclusions: the result of the study confirms that the inclusion of HBO and metered physical activities in the symptomatic therapy is an effective way of treatment of the climacteric syndrome. Key words: climacteric syndrome, symptoms, hyperbaric oxygenation and terencuri.
Functional tests as a component of differentiated individualized support during pregnancy (Сlinical lecture)
Authors:   Kharkiv medical Academy of postgraduate education, Nazarenko L. , Guk L. ,   Kharkiv medical Academy of postgraduate education
Published: December 2020

The possibilities of functional stress tests are highlighted from the point of view of determining the adaptation resources of the fetus, the uteroplacental complex, functional impairments and the prediction of the effectiveness of births with a favorable perinatal outcome. The expediency and benefits are justified by the need to optimize the choice of an adequate model of delivery, as well as the timely organization of preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitation measures. Key words: adaptation resource, fetus, oxytocin test, sound effect.
Modelling and evaluation of a novel intermittent bus lane with time-division multiplexing
Authors: Zhao Chenxin , Dong Hongzhao
Published: December 2020

As a promising bus priority technique, intermittent bus lanes (IBLs) can effectively utilise the idle road resources in dedicated bus lanes (DBLs). Existing IBL systems still have certain limitations in practice, so the authors propose a novel intermittent bus lane with time-division multiplexing (BLTDM) for lane sharing and bus prioritisation. To explore the benefits and applicable traffic conditions of BLTDM operation, cellular automaton traffic models are constructed with different bus priority strategies and a simulation analysis is conducted. In particular, a new model of fuzzy logic lane-change probability is developed. Comparing the traffic flow characteristics with DBL, IBL and BLTDM in the three cases, the operational effects and the applicable traffic conditions for each strategy are quantitatively evaluated. Results show that IBL and BLTDM are beneficial just within the certain traffic conditions. BLTDM has a wider applicable range of input car flow and a stronger adaptability to the bus operation frequency, and can balance the stability of traffic flow, in the sense that the BLTDM strategy has great advantages and provides a new direction for the development of intermittent bus lanes.
A first order autoregressive process with a change point: A bayesian approach based on model selection
Authors: Hamimes Ahmed , Fatih Chellai , Benamirouche Rachid
Published: December 2020

The change points have considerable effects in different areas of applied research. We will use in this work the pseudo-bayes factor in three autoregressive models of order (1); this method permits to analyse the impact of choice between models and allows the use of a simpler technique with model selection in time series. For application, the monthly fluctuations of the DOW-JONES series between January 1999 and September 2009 have been used; we try to detect the financial crisis between 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the model selection method.
Educação ambiental no apoio ao Parque Natural Municipal Mata do Rio Uruguai Teixeira Soares de Marcelino Ramos/RS-Brasil
Authors: Bezerra João Paulo Peres , Ramish Isabel Regina
Published: December 2020

O protagonismo da comunidade em questões voltadas à Educação Ambiental é de grande valia. As articulações em torno de ações educativas, para que se capacite esta comunidade a preservar o meio ambiente, são uma realidade na Academia e ocorrem, normalmente, entre instituições do setor público (municipais e estaduais) e a Universidade, por meio de projetos de extensão. O projeto de extensão aqui relatado teve como foco central a sensibilização, a conscientização e a formação de um grupo de apoiadores para o Parque Natural Municipal Mata do Rio Uruguai Teixeira Soares (PNMMRUTS), localizado no município de Marcelino Ramos-RS. Tal projeto de extensão teve como objetivo: o fomento à participação social na defesa desta unidade de conservação, a construção de um grupo apto a divulgação adequada e apoio da visitação da unidade de conservação e também o fortalecimento da gestão participativa na unidade de conservação.
Considerações acerca das práticas sustentáveis e dos saberes dos camponeses guardiões de sementes no assentamento São Judas, Rio Brilhante – MS
Authors: Zenatti Francieli Aparecida , Camacho Rodrigo Simão
Published: December 2020

A pesquisa foi realizada no assentamento São Judas, no município de Rio Brilhante, MS, com a família Z, que tem como prática tradicional a conservação de sementes e saberes. O conhecimento popular é importante para realizar essas práticas, os guardiões de sementes guardam muitos saberes para preparar o solo e proteger a plantação.  Convém ressaltar que compreendemos por guardiões de sementes todas as práticas que a família utiliza para conservar as sementes. É uma estratégia de resistência diante dos transgênicos, agrotóxicos e a monocultura. Esses saberes tradicionais da família não servem ao mercado, eles são conservados para que a família tenha uma alimentação saudável, com sementes de qualidade. As sementes conservadas e observadas são de “milho maisena”, “milho pipoca” e “amendoim”. Para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho dialogamos com os guardiões de sementes crioulas do Assentamento São Judas, e usamos como referencias leituras sobre guardiões de sementes, saberes tradicionais e práticas sustentáveis em comunidades camponesas.
Tanque de Evapotranspiração em área urbana de Tangará da Serra – MT
Authors: Gonçalves Kerolin Elza Costa , Oliveira Junior Ernandes Sobreira
Published: December 2020

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Stomach-specific c-Myc overexpression drives gastric adenoma in mice via AKT/mTOR signaling
Authors: Liu Jing , Feng Wenxin , Liu Min , Rao Hanyu , Li Xiaoxue , Teng Yan , Yang Xiao , Xu Jin , Gao Weiqiang , Li Li
Published: December 2020

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant cancers in the world. c-Myc, a well-known oncogene, is commonly amplified in many cancers, including gastric cancer. However, it is still not completely understood how c-Myc functions in GC. Here, we generated a stomach-specific c-Myc transgenic mouse model to investigate its role in GC. We found that overexpression of c-Myc in Atp4b+ gastric parietal cells could induce gastric adenoma in mice. Mechanistically, c-Myc promoted tumorigenesis via the AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, AKT inhibitor (MK-2206) or mTOR inhibitor (Rapamycin) inhibited the proliferation of c-Myc overexpressing gastric cancer cell lines. Thus, our findings highlight that gastric tumorigenesis can be induced by c-Myc overexpression through activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway.
OVEN OR FIREPLACE? (EXPERIMENTAL FIRINGS OF THE VESSELS)
Authors: Volkova Yelena Vitalievna
Published: December 2020

The paper contains the results of the field experimental firings in fireplaces and in ovens made on the basis of Samara pottery experimental expedition (Dr N.P. Salugina is the leader of the expedition) in 2013. The author put forward two goals: one is to discover the basic knowledge on firing process with various kinds of fuel, and second is to find out the specific features to discern the vessels fired in fireplaces from the vessels fired in ovens. 20 vessels were prepared to the experiment. The first 10 pots were made of natural clay and the second 10 vessels were made of pottery paste (clay + grog + cow dung). Five simultaneous firings with various kinds of fuel were organized in fireplace and in oven. The author describes in detail the program, main steps, and maximum temperature of firings, the photos of the vessels, and the results of their analytical studies. After the experiments the author came to the next conclusions: firstly - there are absent the reliable features to distinguish the vessels fired in fireplace and in oven, secondly - there is one dependence between a kind pottery paste and a color of fired vessels and another relation between pottery paste and a degree of high-temperature baking of vessels.
History periodization of Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages
Authors: Avetisyan Vladimir Rudolfovich
Published: December 2020

The problem of periodization of historical events or phenomena is always debatable. Sometimes it is difficult to find a consensus on the definition of chronological time frame of a particular event. The problem of the history periodization of Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages is not an exception. Lazarev Institute has a rich and sometimes complicated history, so the same historical event of the institution can be interpreted in different ways. Researchers in different periods (in the pre-revolutionary period A. Zinoviev, during the Soviet period A.P.Baziyants, M.Nersisyan, A.T.Amirkhanyan and modern history A.V. Torkunov, V.V. Vasilenko) developed different variants of periodization: they divided the time periods into smaller ones or united closely intertwined events into a larger period. The basic element of each periodization is a historians principle by which he describes a historical event. The authors variant of periodization presented in the paper makes it possible to consider the problem in a new way, as it includes the chronological framework of the period preceding the beginning of teaching at the institute. This period played a significant role not only for the opening, but also in the formation of the foundations and principles of the educational institution during the time of its existence.
Estimation of air pollution influence on demographic and health of the population of Saratov
Authors: Tochilkina Natalya Vitalievna
Published: December 2020

The article examines the impact of air pollution on the demographic characteristics of the residents of Saratov. It describes the main air pollutants that have a significant impact on the incidence of non-communicable diseases and child mortality. The author discusses the impact of complex index of air pollution and its components on overall mortality rates, mortality from cancer, respiratory diseases and the mortality rate of children under one year. The research has shown that there is a strong direct relationship between the complex index of air pollution and mortality from respiratory diseases and infant mortality rates. The author also reveals that the total mortality rate is closely associated with the increased content in the air of nitrogen oxide, the mortality rate from cancer with the increased content of nitrogen oxide and phenol, the mortality rate from respiratory diseases with excess of formaldehyde, the mortality rate of children under one year - with excess of formaldehyde and phenol. Despite the importance and relevance of such studies the author notes that it is difficult to access the information about morbidity by classes of diseases, by age and sex of the inhabitants of various administrative areas of the city. It does not enable a full analysis of the current situation and retrospective studies for its prediction.
Disturbed lands objects use for the formation of technical universities students’ ecological culture (for example quarries sulfur deposits «Vodinskoe» in the Samara Region)
Authors: Baranova Margarita Nicolaevna , Vasilieva Daria Igorevna , Kazantseva Svetlana Genrihovna
Published: December 2020

The following article deals with the problem of technical college students ecological culture formation on the example of disturbed lands objects study. The authors describe the features of pedagogical conditions that are necessary for creation of responsible personality attitude to the surrounding environment. The authors also analyze methods allowing to develop and create students valuable relation to the surrounding environment. Vodinsky sulfur pit near the settlement of Novosemeykino of the Krasnoyarsk district of the Samara region was used as an object of the disturbed lands. The uniqueness of this deposit is that the biggest sulfur crystal in the world was found here. Now, besides large sulfur crystals, crystals of other minerals - a tselestin, plaster, calcite, pyrites are also found here. The paper studies the possibility of one of the available fulfilled pits allocation as a standard of a natural mineralogical museum and especially protected natural territory in the region. The paper contains an analysis of fulfilled pits structure and location and their recultivation features. The authors consider the researched territory possible influence on its modern use. This kind of object will allow future engineers to understand a geoecological situation on Earth that will help to expand the knowledge of ecological culture.
Sinergistical aspect of discursive foreign language competence development in future bachelors at non-language institutions in the system of higher education
Authors: Gorbunov Anatoli Gennadyevich
Published: December 2020

The article presents an approach to solve the problem of foreign language competence development in future bachelors in non-language specialties. The author believes that modern educational curricula developers should pursue the idea to make it possible for future bachelors to perceive and produce textuality or dicourses in a foreign language and thus perform well developed discursive foreign language competence. Development of such competence requires that special educational conditions, tuition model and technique should become a part of tutorial methodology aimed at realizing a variety of approaches to form the competence in question in future bachelors in non-language fields. Revelation of such educational conditions and development of tuition model result from synergy of Philology and Pedagogy what allows to develop students understanding how the language of communication functions. Their advanced and high level of discursive foreign language competence make it possible for them to efficiently discuss a wide range of topics when their everyday life and professional activities are concerned. The Anglo-Saxon model of communication is being considered as an effective means to make it possible for students to slip from their native language model of communication onto the one in the foreign language. To sum up, understanding of the nature of discourse phenomenon, its systematic features, the algorithm of the Anglo-Saxon model of communication contribute a lot to well-grounded definition of the term discursive foreign language competence in pedagogical purposes. Solution to the problem of the discursive foreign language competence development provides future bachelors with a comfortable start in their specialty on the level of international contacts as well as further educational opportunities abroad as they are able to perform advanced and high level of competence when discourse practices of Anglo-Saxon model of communication are concerned. Moreover, future bachelors ability to have discursive foreign language practices on their fingertips may retrospectively impact and improve their communication model in the native tongue.
Formation of leadership qualities in students
Authors: Nikulina Irina Vyacheslavovna
Published: December 2020

The following paper discusses the features of leadership in a student group. The author presents interpretations of leadership phenomenon that exist in domestic and foreign literature and analyzes the phenomenon of leadership differentiation role in a group. A phenomenon of leadership identification, as a mechanism of the leader influence on followers, is studied by the experimental method. As a result the author comes to the conclusion that the identification of the group takes place mainly with an instrumental or emotional leader, as a great number of identity attributes are ascribed to him/her. A self-perceptual questionnaire helps to study a social-perceptual mechanism of identification process deployment in leadership. The experimental results show that the formation of leadership qualities in students is necessary to consider the features of role differentiation in a group: the instrumental leader organizes a student group for the solution of educational and professional problems; the emotional leader takes care of favorable psychological climate maintenance in a group, strengthens the group cohesion.
Public authorities’ role in public education organization in the Simbirsk province in the second half of the 19th century
Authors: Aizatullova Alsu Shamilievna
Published: December 2020

This paper examines public authorities role in public education organization in the Simbirsk province in the second half of 19th - beginning of the 20th century. The state structures, the Russian Orthodox Church and other confessions managed the state-religious education in the country. The author examines the role of public authorities in the organization of state-religious education of people. The Ministry of National Education and the Holy Synod were responsible for it on the state scale. In the provinces this work was coordinated by the guardianship of the school districts, directorate of education and provincial and district councils. In secular educational institutions educational work was organized by the directorate of public schools, who controlled the educational work of school teachers and effective forms and methods use. The main responsibility of the national education directorates was joint Russian-Tatar schools opening, Russian classes opening in Islamic schools and compulsory Russian language study in Tatar schools. An important goal was to tighten control over the school activities. There was Orthodox missionary fraternity. These organizations were responsible for the same questions. Provincial directorates of national education had to coordinate all state-religious activities done by teachers, religious priests and missionaries. Thus, the system of the state-religious education management was complex, diverse; its parts copied each other, so it led to its activity efficiency decrease.
Features of the course «Non-classical problems of mathematical physics» in the conditions of realization of competence approach to the training of masters of pedagogical education
Authors: Kholodovskii Svyatoslav Yevgenyevich , Kononenko Natalya Vasilievna , Tokareva Julia Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses theoretical, methodological and methodical aspects of realization of the competence approach to the training of masters majoring in pedagogical education in Physics and Mathematics during the course Non-Classical Problems of Mathematical Physics study at higher educational institutions. The paper describes the goals, objectives and relevance of the course aimed at understanding practical solutions of non-classical problems of mathematical Physics by undergraduates. In accordance with the federal state standard of higher education the authors present the competences that are developed during this course. The authors describe the process of the declared competencies development. This process has several levels. For each learning outcome the authors describe appropriate levels of competence (threshold, standard, reference). The authors materials reflect methodology of professional competences development in the process of training masters majoring in mathematical education on the basis of Transbaikal State University. The practical aspect of the competence approach implementation is examined on the basis of this training course through the boundary value problem of mathematical Physics in the field with film inclusions (the problem for a strongly permeable film). The positive experience presented in the paper and the received materials can be useful for university teachers.
Structure of the ecological framework of the Sviyaga River basin
Authors: Frolov Daniil Anatolievich
Published: December 2020

In the following paper the author considers his own ecological framework of the Sviyaga River basin (the right tributary of the Volga River), which was created on the basis of a long-term study of the flora of vascular plants of a natural nature department located in the central part of the Volga Upland. The floristic and geobotanical description of the key areas the nuclei in the structure of the river basin framework is given, with the justification of the reasons for their isolation and reduction of the rare species of vascular plants of the basin flora that betray the significance of the study area. The author briefly describes corridors and buffer zones in the structure of the ecological framework; they represent continuous linear structures and serve as a kind of bridge for the migration of biological species between the core nuclei. In addition to the cores, corridors and buffer zones in the basin of the Sviyaga River the author identified promising areas (in the number of 7) reserves of rare and protected plant species. The paper provides information on the existing system of protected areas of the research and perspective sites recommended for inclusion in the network of existing protected areas of the Ulyanovsk Region and the Republic of Tatarstan, in order to preserve the floristic diversity of the region. The presented ecological framework will create good prerequisites for preserving of the biodiversity of the region and contributes to maintaining of the natural potential of the Sviyaga River basin.
Colonial empire after 1945: a view from the USA
Authors: Buranok Sergey Olegovich
Published: December 2020

No research in the colonial system issues during the Cold War would be complete without studying the press of the participating parties. In order to give a detailed analysis of the international relationships in terms of the global transformations from the American point of view, the author draws relevant newspaper articles published after the World War II. The results have shown changes to priority schemes as viewed in American social discourse during 1945. Roosevelts plan for the dismantling of the colonial empires was gradually replaced with less radical plans, which presupposed using the colonial experience for foreign policy of the USA. Immediately after the end of the Second World War, the US press began to re-examine its attitude towards the colonial issue. The US media were clearly shifting from criticism to a deeper and more comprehensive analysis of both the system itself as a whole and British colonial management experience, openly acknowledging that in this context, historic ties, conflict resolution and local elite management experience may have turned out to be more useful than loyalty to abstract principles. At the end of 19451946 there were tendencies in the US press to change from the position of an interested observer to an active participant in the colonial problem.
«Beer Hall Putsch» in the US press assessment
Authors: Tulusakova Margarita Igorevna
Published: December 2020

The paper studies the problem of the American press reaction to an attempted coup in Germany in 1923. The reasons for the Beer Hall Putsch from the point of view of the press were studied. The author shows the process of information accumulation about the putsch, the role and attitude of various representatives of the US press to it, and the international reaction to the Nazism. The role of Hitler in the coup attempt is analyzed. The author proves that there was direct influence of large American newspapers chief editors opinions on the information about the coup in Germany. The analysis of the US press reaction to the Beer Hall Putsch shows that American newspapers during the first days of the events observed these events closely. Moreover, the trends typical for the central press (coverage of international events, desire for analytics and forecasts) were also characteristic of small local periodicals. The Beer Putsch information support shows that in 1923 the US press was clearly divided in assessments about the most important issue: to support the rebels or to condemn them. The paper shows how the image of the Beer Hall Putsch influenced the policy of aggressors pacification in the future.
Methodological features of asymmetric conflicts historical modeling studying
Authors: Malkin Stanislav Gennadyevich
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with methodological features of studying of empires legacy role in policy of the leading powers in the countries of the third world through a prism of asymmetric conflicts historical modeling. The author pays special attention to the role of Great Britain and the USA foreign policy course defining after World War II during Cold War in the second half of the 20th century and Global War on Terror at the beginning of the 21st century. The author pays attention to methodological traps (such as the probability of the research problem on the given variable and terminological confusion) as well as to research opportunities which are opened by such approach in the field of the historical and political analysis (for example, evolution of the international relations theory and practice in the conditions of the world order transformation after World War II). Special attention is given to the value of such methodological reception as asymmetric conflicts historical modeling in expert estimates of the leading powers foreign policy. The paper also deals with the role of expert community and academic expertize as an important component of that analytical operation which is carried out within historical simulation of the asymmetrical conflicts.
Master students’ scientific research design as a teacher training professional development factor
Authors: Smolyar Antonina Ivanovna , Zogol Svetlana Gennadyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper proves that master students scientific research is the essence for teacher training professional development. The authors describe the model, substantiate approaches to master students scientific research position and content understanding based on their analyses of the experience of master students scientific research predictive model representation. Methodologically these are activity and research approaches; and their implementation principles are practice-oriented educational process principle, activity and creative content of education principle and the educational process personalization principle. The paper exposes to light the experience of master students scientific research organization pedagogical conditions implementation (scientific research building into the theoretical and practical courses of master degree program study; its presentation as a means of master students personal pedagogical experience and professional activity evaluation and correction; master students personal pedagogical experience use as a base in the process of theoretical course study; the connection of theoretical courses, practical trainings, work on masters thesis). The paper highlights peculiarities of master students scientific research organization process. These peculiarities are: the search of leading pedagogical experience, academic research organization; teaching practice and theoretical courses educational program composition on the basis of research and education problems solving and projects implementation; the educational research and scientific research practical training content connection with masters thesis subject; simulation training as a method of enquiry and transformation of pedagogical reality and etc.
Integration of knowledge while mathematical courses studying by prospective teachers of Mathematics
Authors: Evelina Lyubov Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The paper focuses on the main directions of integration in modern education. The basis for the examples and conclusions were fundamental studies in the field of Philosophy, Pedagogy and Mathematics. Integration as a general methodological concept in the context of the paper is more concerned with the integration of knowledge in the content of the school course of Mathematics in order to recognize and operate on them in various academic disciplines and the surrounding life. As examples of integration the author gives various concepts from different branches of mathematics (straight line, proportion, symmetry), methods of solving equations and inequalities (functional-graphic, coordinate-vector along with traditional methods), methods of proving identities and inequalities (geometric methods in Algebra and algebraic methods in Geometry). The study of mathematical content in the classroom at school should be a systematic and multifaceted process for the teacher to establish and disclose the links between different concepts, their properties, as well as methods of applying knowledge in a variety of situations. In mathematical courses and the course of Mathematics teaching methods the author offers to pay special attention to prospective teachers ability development to consider mathematical objects from different sides, thereby establishing links between different sections of Mathematics. Various special courses (or elective courses) on relevant subjects are also an important part of prospective teachers professional training, which can be purposefully used to expand inter-subject relations. In addition, the subject of term and final papers can also be made up taking into account different interpretations of mathematical concepts and methods. The author also pays great attention to the organization of such work with students. Only free knowledge enables the teacher to form students solid educational results at the level of knowledge and educational activities for the purpose of their further use in professional activities and in everyday life.
Prerequisites and prospects for health-saving pedagogy development in the Murmansk Region
Authors: Kievskaya Olga Gennadievna , Erokhova Natalia Valerievna
Published: December 2020

The paper briefly presents an analysis of students competences development at Murmansk Arctic State University: readiness to maintain the level of physical training, providing a full-fledged activity, as well as readiness to ensure students life and health protection within the Federal state educational standard of higher education. On the basis of the pedagogical research conducted among students of Murmansk Arctic State University, the authors propose prerequisites and prospects for health-saving pedagogy development in the Murmansk Region, define priorities of the health center, opened at the University, work out organizational and pedagogical recommendations for the educational process optimization, focusing on physical culture, preservation and strengthening of students health, taking into account climatic and geographical features of the region. The following tendency is revealed: introduction of the individual differentiated approach into the educational process of physical education taking into account the type of students constitution showed its efficiency in comparison with other approaches in physical education of students. The main thing is the use of this pedagogical method contributes to the development of young peoples motivational-value attitude to physical culture and a healthy lifestyle: as a result of pedagogical experiment, the majority of respondents expressed a desire to be engaged in physical training on a regular basis and showed interest in health-saving technologies.
Ecological and morphological analysis of the cardiac index seasonal dynamics of the Chuvash Republic sedentary and migratory birds
Authors: Repin Denis Vladimirovich , Repina Nadezhda Vasilyevna
Published: December 2020

The following paper describes the results of seasonal dynamics study of the cardiac index of sedentary and migratory species of the Corvidae birds on the territory of the Chuvash Republic. The objects of the research were sedentary, nomadic and migratory species of the Corvidae birds: magpie, jackdaw, rook and gray crow. The work is based on the materials of the field and laboratory studies, which were conducted in the spring and autumn of 2016-2019 in the Chuvash Republic. The parameters of the cardiac index of grey crows, magpies, rooks and jackdaws were studied and birds with the lowest body mass and the most developed flying muscles, as well as migratory birds had the highest values of this indicator. When determining the cardiac index in spring and autumn, all the considered bird species had significant inter-seasonal differences of the studied parameter. It may be due to seasonal fluctuations in the activity and body mass of the birds. Of all the studied bird species only the rook had the highest seasonal variability of the cardiac index. The magpie had the smallest differences between spring and autumn values of the cardiac index, as they lead the most sedentary lifestyle compared to the rook, the crow and the jackdaw.
Biocenotic complexes of lakes and estuaries of the southern and central Primorye
Authors: Milovankin Pavel Gennadyevich
Published: December 2020

The studies of lakes and estuaries of the central and southern Primorye, conducted in 20052013 in the warm period of the year (MayOctober), allowed to distinguish them in the composition of fish catches and nektobenthos (crabs, prawns and shrimps). In accordance with the data of cluster analysis, 7 biocenotic complexes were identified in the studied reservoirs: lakes in the south of Primorye and the accessory system of the Razdolnaya river, the Gladkaya and Tesnaya rivers; the Ryazanovka, the Barabashevka rivers, the mouth of the Artyomovka river and the central Primorye rivers; the lower course of the river Razdolnaya, the Artyomovka and the Skotovka rivers, the upper part of the Sukhodol estuary; the main part of the Razdolnaya estuary; the Sukhodol estuary and the marine part of the estuaries of the central Primorye. The average specific biomass of hydrobionts in the lakes and estuaries of the southern and central Primorye was 6,4 g/m, or, which is also the same t/km, of which fish is 84,7% by weight. So-iuy mullet or redlip mullet Planiliza haematocheila (1,036) prevailed by biomass, young common rudd Tribolodon spp. (0,904) and Eriocheir japonica (0,606 g/m) followed it. In all seven biocenotic complexes Acanthogobius lactipes, Crangon spp., Gasterosteus nipponicus, Gymnogobius urotaenia, Palaemon spp., Pungitius sinensis, Tribolodon spp. and Tridentiger brevispinis were found. In total, 68 expeditions were carried out (700 catches) in the warm period of the year (MayOctober), 106 taxa of fish and nektobenthos were revealed.
The Mesolithic – Neolithic transition in the Upper Volga region resulted from the stone industry analyses
Authors: Tsvetkova Nataliya Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with a phenomenon of neolithisation in the Upper Volga basin. The author studies the results of culture processes in the region based on: 1) the investigation of the stone assemblages from reference sites with non-ornamented ceramics or pottery with simple puncture impressions; 2) the tools types comparison over the final Mesolithic and initial Neolithic; 3) mapping of the non-ornamented/notch-ware pottery in European Russia. The transition to the Neolithic is associated with infiltrations of some puncture-ware pottery makers into the indigenous Mesolithic populations. It is most likely that the first vessels were imported into the region by migrants. The untraceable differences between the Final Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic stone industries may indicate a scarcely noticeable infiltration of newcomers from neighboring territories to the Upper Volga region. The manufacture tradition of the ceramics either non-ornamented or decorated by simple puncture impressions was formed in the regional culture environment. This event should be regarded as a particular transition time from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic. The later rise of the Neolithic was marked by shifts in the economy and by the local ceramic manufacture development accompanied by thin biface technique appearance in the stone assemblages. These changes give evidence of a transition to the Neolithic in the Upper Volga signalized by the progressive replacement of populations.
«The Palmer raids» – reaction to «The Red Scare» and Edgar Hoover’s role in the actions of the U.S. Department of Justice
Authors: Levin Yaroslav Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to reaction of the U.S. Department of Justice to the October revolution of 1917 in Russia and the process which received the name The Red Scare in the historiography. The basic changes which happened in Russia, the ideas of radical social justice, the dictatorship of the proletariat and the world revolution during the last stages of the World War I led to an extremely negative perception of the Bolshevik party and its policy in the USA. The general unfriendly spirit was warmed up by various publications accusing V.I. Lenin and his colleagues of communications with Germany (well-known Sissons documents) as well as by various publications in the press. At the same time, the revolution in Russia became an ideological beacon for anarchists and socialists worldwide including America. A special activity was shown by the galleanists organization (followers of the revolutionary and the ideologist of anarchism Luigi Galleani). From April to June 1919 they organized a series of explosions as well as attempts on the life of prominent politicians, businessmen and even the staff of intelligence agencies of the USA. In response to it the Attorney-General Alexander Mitchell Palmer initiated a series of military actions directed against all left-wing parties and groups in the country. The Bureau of investigations became the main body that was occupied in these actions. The paper analyzes the raids that were carried out by BI, their features and effects as well as the career of John Edgar Hoover, who was Palmers personal assistant at that time and later became a director of FBI.