bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Governing Digital Divides
Authors: Amoretti Francesco , Musella Fortunato
Published: October 2013

A great part of the rhetoric accompanying the rapid diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in Western societies in recent decades has put the spotlight on their potential for generating economic growth and development in the socio-political arena. Yet mechanisms that generate disparities among citizens do not go away with the advent of electronic citizenship, as asymmetric access to economic and political resources limit access to new technologies. This contribution will be divided in three sections. In the first part, the concept of “digital divide” will be analysed by considering its first formulation in the US political debate during the Nineties, as well as the more recent efforts to consider the multidimensional nature of such category. In the second section significant quantitative measure of digital disparities between countries will be provided. Finally, it will show how developing countries adopting proprietary softwares are becoming dependent on the power of providers of ICT goods and services, which are mainly concentrated in the United States.
Stakeholders and Power in Community-Based IT Projects
Authors: Stockdale Rosemary , Felstead Chris
Published: October 2013

Not-for-profit organisations put considerable effort into community-based Information Technology (IT) projects to bridge the gap between the ‘haves’ and the ‘have-nots’ of the digital divide. However, the outcomes of these IT projects are often seen as problematic with service recipients failing to gain the intended benefits. This research takes a critical research approach to examining the role of service recipients as stakeholders in community-based IT projects. In this paper, the authors address the first element of critical research, that of considering ‘what we think is known.’ Using the lens of Bourdieu’s forms of capital, the authors identify the power asymmetries among not-for-profit community stakeholders and provide an understanding of community characteristics that affect the delivery of project outcomes.
Social Equity, the Digital Divide and E-Governance
Authors: Chary Meena
Published: October 2013

This chapter critically assesses how e-government initiatives in India are attempting to contend with social equity issues posed by the deepening digital divide and draws conclusions regarding the value and reach of e-government initiatives. The chapter summarizes current understandings of the digital divide, and uses those understandings to develop a characterization of those constituents who are not reached by e-government initiatives and services. The chapter asserts that those who do not have the ability to access and use ICT are excluded from using e-government initiatives and services, and discusses examples of actions that begin to mitigate the social equity effects of the digital divide.
The Evolving Discourse of the Digital Divide
Authors: Kvasny Lynette , Hales Kayla D.
Published: October 2013

In this chapter, we examine how people of African descent are using an online discussion forum as a site for interrogating the existential question of “who am I?” Contrary to the typical formulations of the digital divide as a measure of disparity in access to information and communication technologies (ICTs), we make a case for how and why ICTs are being effectively used to enable and advance the interests of people who have historically been marginalized and silenced. The contributions of this research extend the digital divide discourse to affirm the cultural realities of diverse Internet users.
A Psychological Model to Understand E-Adoption in the Context of the Digital Divide
Authors: Thatcher Andrew , Ndabeni Mbongi
Published: October 2013

The digital divide is often conceptualised as inequalities of access to technology. While access is obviously a precursor to technology use, research consistently shows that the digital divide is not explained simply by access to technology; apparent in the evidence of digital divides within communities of equitable wealth or within the same geographical location. This chapter acknowledges the interplay between psychological as well as socio-economic factors as important in the adoption of technology. Within this approach we construct a model based on the Technology Acceptance Model, the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Innovation Diffusion Theory, Hofstede’s culture framework, and Social Cognitive Theory. The framework for the model is based on a combination of an extension of the Technology Acceptance Model, Innovation Diffusion Theory, and Social Cognitive Theory. The underlying theoretical assumptions are based on Social Cognitive Theory. While some aspects of these individual theories have already been applied to understanding the digital divide, this chapter develops a more comprehensive psychological model of e-adoption than currently exists in the literature.
What Does it Mean to Bridge the Divide?
Authors: Fragoso Suely , Cogo Denise , Brignol Liliane Dutra
Published: October 2013

This chapter discusses the success and failure of initiatives which provide access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as a means of promoting social inclusion. We believe that there is often a disparity between the supposed and the true needs and desires of the minority groups at the receiving end of digital divide initiatives. Observation of practices towards ICTs which are spontaneously developed by a minority group indicate that important achievements are being overlooked by formal evaluations of digital divide projects and policies. The observed practices are organized into six categories and a change of paradigm is proposed for further actions.
Reducing Digital Divide
Authors: Chand Anand
Published: October 2013

This chapter examines the role of People First Network (PFnet) services in enhancing information and communication and contributing to sustainable rural development and poverty reduction in Solomon Islands. More specifically, it examines two main issues. First, it examines the uptake and appropriation of PFnet services by rural Solomon Islanders. Second, it examines the impact of PFnet services on sustainable rural development and poverty reduction in Solomon Islands. This chapter is based on a empirical research conducted in Solomon Islands between January-May 2004. The chapter is organised as follows: Section one provides an overview of PFnet Project. Section two states the main aims of the study. Section three outlines the methodology used for the research. The Section four reports the main research findings. Section five discusses some problems and finally section six provides the conclusion.
New Perspectives of Andragogy in Relation to the Use of Technology
Authors: Farmer Lesley
Published: October 2013

This chapter examines technological factors that influence the conditions and processes of adult learning, and how adult educators can deal with those changes effectively. Technology can reinforce and enhance adult learning, providing a learning environment with tools and resources that the learner can explore and control, thus fostering more independent, adult-centered learning. Adult learning changes because of the need to learn how to use technology tools, the opportunity for expanded access to resources, the variations in designing and experiencing learning experiences, and the expanded opportunities to engage with these resources and with other learners. Several issues contextualize the realities and challenges of adult learning as impacted by technology: workplace learning and learning organizations, informal learning, distance education, globalization, the Digital Divide, and older adult learners. Emerging trends are also mentioned.
Students, Internet, eLearning and Web 2.0
Authors: Schulmeister Rolf
Published: October 2013

An investigation into the students’ use of internet services, media types and e-learning preferences tried to find out if students today are interested in the use of Web 2.0 methods for learning. More than 2.000 students participated in the survey conducted by the international architecture company DEGW and the author. The data of the survey are compared to the results of a parallel study by HIS GmbH that was answered by 4.400 students. The results of both studies throw a critical light on the popular discussion about the net generation or the so-called digital natives and may lend themselves to a more cautious or careful introduction of Web 2.0 methods in teaching and learning accompanied by instructional and tutorial assistance.
Reframing Conceptions of Contemporary Literacy Capabilities in Pre-Service Primary Teacher Education
Authors: Honan Eileen , Exley Beryl , Kervin Lisa , Simpson Alyson , Wells Muriel
Published: October 2013

This chapter describes the challenges of integrating new technologies with literacy education in pre-service primary teacher education in Australia. The authors describe the policy context and regulatory mechanisms controlling pre-service education, including a national set of professional standards for graduate teachers, a new national curriculum for school students, the introduction of high stakes national assessment for school students, and the looming threat of decontextualized back-to-the-basics professional entry tests for aspiring teachers. The chapter includes three case studies of the authors’ pedagogical practices that attempt to reframe conceptions of the literacy capabilities of pre-service teachers to reflect the complex and sophisticated requirements of teachers in contemporary schooling. The authors conclude the chapter with a discussion of the implications of these case studies as they illustrate the ways that pre-service teachers can be scaffolded and supported to develop creative capacity and critical awareness of the kinds of literacies required in the digital age despite restrictive regimes.
Digital Media Literacy Practices for 5th Year Pre-Service Teachers in a PDS Model
Authors: Shambaugh Neal
Published: October 2013

To examine digital media literacy practices in a teacher education program, this chapter first elaborates on a broader definition of literacy than reading and writing, suggesting media literacy as a more relevant teacher education curricular focus than technology integration. A five-year, dual-degree teacher education program, which uses a Professional Development School model, provides the context for digital media literacy practices. Three elective courses demonstrate how digital media can be used by pre-service teachers to engage students and model media practices in their public school placement. The courses, which were offered to pre-service teachers in their fifth year in the teacher education program, included Book Writing and Online Publishing, Project-Based Learning, and Teaching with Visuals. The chapter provides recommendations on implementing digital media practices within teacher education courses for pre-service teachers and professional development for teachers in public schools.
Implementing a Problem-Based Technology Learning Environment to Foster Cultural Literacy and Responsiveness Instructional Skills
Authors: Glimps Blanche Jackson , Ford Theron
Published: October 2013

Technology is part of our daily lives; we can observe the use of technology in our cell phones and portable computers and, most notably, within classrooms. If used within the proper pedagogical context, computer-aided technology can be quite advantageous to teacher educators whose pedagogical belief is also centered on teaching and learning that is responsive to students’ needs and cultures. When technology is combined with Problem-Based Learning (PBL), it can be a powerful aid to help pre-service teachers build cultural literacy and the skills needed to be responsive to students’ needs. This chapter presents a single case study of the highly successful academic outcomes through the wedding of PBL and technology.
Fostering Global Literacies among Pre-Service Teachers through Innovative Transdisciplinary Projects
Authors: Yildiz Melda N. , De Abreu Belinha S.
Published: October 2013

This chapter investigates the role of global literacy skills in teacher education while integrating multiple literacies as a means of further developing pre-service teachers’ global competencies and 21st century skills1 while designing innovative transdisciplinary curriculum projects with limited resources and equipment in the global education context. The goal is to: a) introduce the role of multiple literacies (e.g., information, technology, geography, media literacy) in developing global competencies and 21st century skills among pre-services teachers; b) showcase pre-service teachers’ Universal Design of Learning (UDL)2 model lessons across content areas (e.g., math, geography, cultural studies, physical education) in P-12 curriculum; and c) demonstrate creative strategies and possibilities for engaging pre-service teachers in project-based global literacy activities integrating new technologies.
Reading and Writing Strategies
Authors: Sturtz Tanya , Hucks Darrell
Published: October 2013

In the field of education, students are not only expected to come to college with the reading and writing skills needed to successfully complete their program of study but also to enter the profession upon graduation with the ability to teach the next generation these skills. At the authors’ institution of higher education, as with other higher education institutions, the reading and writing skills of incoming freshmen is a concern across the campus. To address this concern, two education faculty members created a reading and writing program. The program would prepare incoming freshmen with skills and strategies they could use to be successful in their college courses, as well as support student transition and retention. The pilot study created will address a concern raised in the literature regarding the under-explored reading research at the college level. To this end, this chapter shares the process involved in teaching the program and the experiences of the first cohort of students enrolled in the program.
Administrative Flexibility and Knowledge in Policy Delivery
Authors: Letch Nick
Published: October 2013

Information and communications technologies are emerging as important drivers of reform in the public sector. This chapter explores both enabling and constraining aspects of the role that ICTs can play in transforming the development and delivery of public policy. Two issues are explored: the reduction in flexibility of decision making that frequently accompanies ICT-based initiatives, and the critical role of knowledge embedded in networks of stakeholders in policy development and delivery. A case study, which traces the knowledge embedded in networks of relationships of actors involved in developing and implementing operational policy in an Australian public sector agency, is presented to illustrate the unintended constraints on knowledge activities. A framework for analyzing socio-technical networks involved in integrating ICTs into the cycle of public policy is presented.
Service Oriented Architectural Principles for Interoperable and Secure E-government Frameworks
Authors: Stamati Teta , Karantjias Athanasios , Martakos Drakoulis
Published: October 2013

Keywords: transformational government (t-Gov); interoperability; privacy; trust; SOA; SaaS; business process management; t-Gov adoption and diffusion; public administration; enterprise integration; content management; web 2.0.
The Usability of Online Quizzes
Authors: Dumova Tatyana
Published: October 2013

This study focuses on assessment, an essential component of teaching and learning. It examines the usability of online quizzes and determines what features of Blackboard-based testing are most beneficial from a student perspective. A survey of 395 students provides new insights that can help teachers, administrators, course providers, trainers, and instructional technology specialists make informed choices in developing and implementing online assessments. The author concludes that instructors should move away from the “one-size-fits-all” approach towards flexible, learner-centered models.
ePortfolios and the Communicative Intellect in Online Education
Authors: Rice Rich
Published: October 2013

According to Nielsen Internet ratings, YouTube totaled over 100 million unique users the month this chapter was written. What are those ratings today? Moreover, the number of times-per-day many individuals compose Facebook news feeds and profile content is equally staggering. Students inhabit these media-rich spaces, and if educators do not construct online teaching and learning environments, such as ePortfolios, in ways that effectively capitalize on students’ literacies in computer-mediated communication, those educators are in danger of limiting students’ communicative intellect. More to the point, educators are in danger of graduating functionally illiterate students according to what constitutes literacy in today’s interactive age.
Profiling User Color Perception for Image Retrieving
Authors: El-Zakhem Imad , Aït-Younes Amine , Akdag Herman , Greige Hanna
Published: October 2013

The aim of this work is to build a user profile according to his own perception of colors for image retrieving. Images are being processed relying on a standard or initial set of parameters using the fuzzy set theory and the HLS color space (Hue, Lightness, and Saturation). We developed a dynamic construction of the user profile, which will increase his satisfaction by being more personalized and accommodated to his particular needs. We suggest two methods to define the perception and transform it into a profile; the first method is achieved by querying the user and getting answers, which will guide through the process of implementation of the profile; the second method is achieved by comparing different subjects and ending up by an appropriate aggregation. We also present a method that will recalculate the amount of colors in the image based on another set of parameters, so the colorimetric profile of the image is being modified accordingly. Avoiding the repetition of the process at the pixel level is the main target of this phase, because reprocessing each image is time consuming and turned to be not feasible.
Approach of Using Texture and Shape for Image Retrieval
Authors: Zhang Gang , Ma Zongmin , Yan Li
Published: October 2013

Feature integration is one of important research contents in content-based image retrieval. Single feature extraction and description is foundation of the feature integration. Features from a single feature extraction approach are a single feature or composite features, whether integration features are more discriminative than them or not. An approach of integrating shape and texture features was presented and used to study these problems. Gabor wavelet transform with minimum information redundancy was used to extract texture features, which would be used for feature analyses. Fourier descriptor approach with brightness was used to extract shape features. Then both features were integrated in parallel by weights. Comparisons were carried out among the integration features, the texture features, and the shape features, so that discrimination of the integration features can be testified.
Extracting Sport Video Semantics
Authors: Yeh Chia-Hung , Tseng Wen-Yu , Lin Yu-Dun , Teng Chih-Chung
Published: October 2013

Recent developments in video content analysis contribute to the emergence of multimedia database management. With the rapid growth of digital videos, efficient tools are essential to facilitate content indexing, searching, retrieving, browsing, skimming, and summarization. Sport video analysis has attracted lots of research attention because of its entertainment applications and potential commercial benefits. Sport video analysis aims to identify what excites audiences. Previous methods rely mainly on video decomposition, using domain specific knowledge. Research on suitable and efficient techniques for sport video analysis has been conducted extensively over the last decade. However, several longstanding challenges, such as semantic gap and commercial detection, are still waiting to be resolved. This chapter reviews research on sport video analysis and investigates the potential applications and future trends of sport video analysis.
The Impact of Mobility on Social and Political Movement
Authors: Harfoush Nabil
Published: October 2013

The strength of social and political movements is often correlated with the cost and risks of organizing the effort. Reaching large numbers of people to inform them of a movement’s goals, and the ability to recruit supporters, has historically relied on mass media, both printed and electronic, along with traditional canvassing, public assembly, and public speaking. This has naturally favoured economic and political elites who had easier access to media channels, and who controlled in many cases the rights to public assembly and free speech. The emergence of affordable communications in general and mobile communications in particular, is bringing radical change to this balance of power. This chapter explores some of these changes and suggests directions for future research in this area.
A Simplified Method for Wear Loss Prediction in Corrosive Environment
Authors: Doni Zinaida , Buciumeanu Mihaela , Palaghian Liviu
Published: October 2013

The interaction of wear and corrosion is an important factor of the combined action of mechanical and corrosive damage. Many authors have studied the synergistic effect between wear and corrosion under different contact conditions. In the present paper is proposed a simplified method to predict wear evolution of contact surfaces in corrosive environment based on the wear loss evolution in dry conditions and on the coefficient of friction in corrosive environment. The proposed method is adequate to properly predict the wear loss evolution.
The Control of Vibration Transmissibility Using an Electrodynamic Actuator –Close-Loop Solution
Authors: Mîţiu A. Mihaela , Comeagă Daniel Constantin , Donţu Octavian G.
Published: October 2013

In this paper are presented some aspects of transmissibility control of mechanical systems with 1 DOF so that the effects of vibration on their action to be minimized. Some technical solutions that can be used for this purpose is analyzed. Starting from the mathematical model of an electro-mechanical system with 1 DOF, are identified the parameters which influence the effectiveness of the transmissibility control system using an electrodynamic actuator who work in "closed loop".
The Specific Aspects of Fuel Assessment by Fingerprint Method
Authors: Cornak Stefan
Published: October 2013

We have tested typical samples of fuel (diesel, gasoline, technical gasoline and a mixture of unknown fuel). For fuel analysis we have used an analyzer IROX DIESE with an in-built infrared interferometer of Michelsons type. The results proved that within a wavemeter from 650 up to 1800 cm-1for each fuel is typical infrared spectrum. This spectrum can be compared with human fingerprints. It is possible to positively identify the majority of fuels with usage of these spectra. Moreover in case of unknown mixture, it is possible to use these spectra for determination of their mutual ratio.
Research on Vibratory Behavior Assessment and Maintenance of Drilling and Threading Machine VA20A
Authors: Hajduk Mikuláš , Niculescu Dan Florin , Olaru Adrian , Vagaš Marek , Ghionea Adrian
Published: October 2013

Vibrations due to mechanical defects,are transmitted within the entire structure of the equipment, are amplified during its dynamical operation, having a direct impact on the accuracy of the processed surfaces. Spectral components need vibration analysis is required. In order to determine the operation state and the vibration level caused by the mechanical failures , the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform Method) method has been used. The vibrations measurements is repeated at constant intervals; It specify the measured vibration limits; It compares the values in ISO-sites exist for determining optimal predictive maintenance intervals.
Contributions Regarding the Possibility of Increasing the Milling Process Efficiency
Authors: Gelmereanu Cristian , Bogdan Stefan , Morar Liviu
Published: October 2013

The main purpose of the paper is to develop a neural network application that could predict the tool-workpiece vibration. Increase efficiency by decreasing vibrations has been imposed by the cutting progresses theory and the fields related directly to the cutting process. Thus, this procedure aims to an increasing efficiency, lowering costs and execution time and also improving the quality of parts.
Concept and Procedure for Measuring Anaerobic Motricity in Taekwondo
Authors: Păunescu Cătălin , Gagea Gabriela , Păunescu Mihaela , Piţigoi Gabriel , Petrescu Silviu
Published: October 2013

The scientific leading of the training process requires regular assessments of the exercise capacity and its dynamics. The concept of the method used for this application and carried out on a sample of Taekwondo athletes is trying to find the adequate solution in order to simultaneously meet two criteria: the attribute of significance of the motricity investigation and the feature of practicality in the sense of achieving an acceptable level of reliability and adequacy of the data while using a noninvasive device, which is also as less obtrusive as possible to the subjects. The progress rate of the anaerobic capacity and of the motric performance accomplished in competitions by the Taekwondo athletes tested by us are significantly correlated statistically with the indicators of the Myotest PRO survey, which results in a supportive argument for the efficiency of the procedure.
Using AutoCAD Application as Instrument for Biomechanical Assessment of Orthopedic Impairments
Authors: Raveica Ionel Crinel , Mohora Cristina , Raveica Gabriela , Pena Andra Elena
Published: October 2013

The aim of our study was to identify if the AutoCAD application may be useful for evaluation during active movements of the body segments (lower limb), and how an orthopedic problem influence the normal pathway. The assement of range of motion is still problematic, especially when the body components is moving. Determining changes in the angles of motion dynamic is important in guiding the intervention plan. The evaluation methods are not enough objective all the time and many details could be not observed during different ADL (activities daily living). The AutoCAD (Auto Computer Aid Design) application was a valid instrument in order to realise the biomechanical analyse in case of knee arthritis. The analyze of moving components is possible using video frames and AutoCAD processing.
On Approaches of Assessment of Tribo Data from Heavy Tracked Vehicle
Authors: Valis David , Zak Libor , Walek Agata , Glos Josef
Published: October 2013

The paper deals with application of selected analytical methods in order to analyse field data from heavy tracked off-road military vehicles. The information from the engine oil are interpreted in form of polluting particles like particles from wear process (e.g. Fe, Pb, Cu, etc.) and particles from oil deterioration itself (like Mn, Si, Zn, etc.). These particles can give us information both about system state and about oil state. We have reasonable set of oil data from field operation available. Based on the data we assume being able to determine the system condition and propose some changes (e.g. in residual operation life, in maintenance modifications in the intervals, in mission planning, etc.). Selected methods like regression analysis and fuzzy inference system are used for the data assessment.
An Analytical Approach Regarding Some Radiometric Problems during the Detection on the Sea Surface with a Thermal Camera
Authors: Spulber Catalin , Borcan Octavia Violeta
Published: October 2013

The paper presents some methods to evaluate a thermal signature acquired with a thermal camera from some targets in marine background. Using a simulation interface made in MAVIIS 1,5 [ and with the ImageJ [ analysis software, the authors reveal the dependence between the atmospheric pollution, geometrical and radiometric characteristics of the targets and their backgrounds used during the sea surface detection, and the system performance of the thermal camera sensor.
A Contribution to the Estimation Problem of the Detection Performance with a Thermal Camera in Different Conditions of Meteorological Visibility
Authors: Borcan Octavia Violeta , Spulber Catalin
Published: October 2013

Estimation of the detection distance is an usual problem both for thermal camera manufacturers and for the users of such equipments whose requirements are generally made starting by STANAG 4347. Meteorological visibility and atmospheric turbulences are very important for the detection performance of a thermal camera and in prediction of its observation distances. Starting from lab measurement results obtained with a cooled thermal camera and also from some simulated atmosphere turbulences values obtained with NVESD software package, the authors make an analitical approach on the remote detection performance with a thermal camera, in real environment conditions. Analyzing then real images acquired in field, in different weather conditions, it can be shown that analitical evaluations based on lab measurements and simulation results are credible.
Optimization of the Accuracy of Automotive Parking for the Car-Type Mobile Robot
Authors: Sarangi Manoj K. , Pati Debadutta , Parida Ashutosh , Mohanty Amit , Bylya Olga I.
Published: October 2013

The autonomous ability of the system, which enables it to park itself without any human interference, finds its application mostly in automobile industry. Though the basic algorithm of autonomous parking is relatively simple, the question of reliability and accuracy of parking can be quite complicated. The mathematical models developed theoretically and simulated numerically not always can in the same accurate way perform in a real vehicle. One of the main reasons for it is the interplay between the controlling system and mechanical structure of the vehicle. To investigate this problem the car-type robot simulating the specific features of the mechanical structure of the real car was developed. It was used for verification of few parking approaches proposed in the literature. A parking algorithm was proposed and programmed for a developed car-type robot. The experimental comparison between theoretically calculated and actually observed values of main parking parameters was done and analysed. The approach of optimization of parking strategy from the view point of minimization of positioning errors was proposed and tested.
ADDASAT Development Plan for the Attitude Control System
Authors: Rugescu Radu D. , Barbelian Mihai Al. , Micu Efim
Published: October 2013

As a part of the ORVEAL project, a real scale laboratory model of the inertial platform for ADDASAT is developed by the joint ADDA and UPB teams, ensuring the capability of a three-axis attitude control demonstration in the ground laboratory that simulates weightlessness by low friction bearings. The study is part of the larger ADDA-UPB program for developing the low cost NERVA orbital system for applications in enhanced environmental policies and land resources surveillance. The ORVEAL research is granted by Romanian UEFISCDI financing authority.
Developing an Interface for a Research Program
Authors: Eugen Strajescu , Ionut Spataru
Published: October 2013

The goal at the present paper is to present an interface develop for a research program that was develop for a PhD theses. The program simulates a magnetron machine used in industrial coating of the glass sheets. The interface is intended to be used by operators of the machine.An objective of the study is to present the steps needed to develop an interface that is very easy to use and in the same time controls a very complex program
Procurement Approaches in Different Supply Chains
Authors: Pap Stefan , Morar Liviu
Published: October 2013

From a purchasing point of view, it can be argued that in order for a supply chain to be efficient the cost of purchasing must be balanced with risk pertaining to the supply market and the purchased product.
To decide on the appropriate forms of supplier relationships today, we argue that there are three main dimensions to be considered:
A more complex environment.
Supply chain efficiency.
Product life cycle.
Decay of Phosphorescent Warning Design on Textile Substrates
Authors: Vik Michal , Vikova Martina , Kasparova Marketa
Published: October 2013

The present paper reports the decay of phosphorescence. Besides its interest for measurement techniques, the knowledge of phosphorescence decay curves is, in itself, of fundamental importance in physics and photochemistry. In point of view of development new functional warning design, which is usable for sportswear and outdoor clothes generally, phosphorescence brings additional impulse for safety improvement. On the basis of phosphorescence spectral effectiveness function was shown effect of different colors of used background on phosphorescence visibility. For instance, the agreement, found in this work, between decay curves, kinetic equations and background reflectance give experimental evidence that the theoretical model for the anisotropy decay approximates to a three-exponential function. This model has a few fitting parameters with well-defined physical meanings as compared to the current empirical one.
A Research of the Microfluidic Cell Chip Technology to Reduce Urine Cells Overlap Rate
Authors: Su Gui Xin , Ge Peng , Song Jing Jing , Ding Hong Mei , Lan Jie , Sun Jie , Sun Xu Guo
Published: October 2013

Objective: Employ a new a method using Microfluidic Cell Chip improve the recognition rate of cells in urine. This method will decrease errors caused by failure to distinguish cell in urine based on the overlapping cell morphology characteristics and cell parameters. Methods: (1) enroll 60 patients respectively of acute glomerulonephritis, acute pyelonephritis and acute cystitis, employ WB-2000 automated urine analyzer to detect 9 kinds of biochemical indexes urine protein, glucose, ketone, uric bilirubin and urobilinogen, nitrite, pH, erythrocytes and leukocytes. (2) Observe the overlap count of erythrocytes and leukocytes in the urine of three groups of patients, and calculate overlap rate of erythrocytes and leukocytes of each group of the patient's respectively. (3) After separating urine cells with Microfluidic Cell Chip technology, test the overlap rate of erythrocytes and leukocytes. Results: (1) The overlap rate of erythrocytes in acute glomerulonephritis patients is 8.53% ~ 8.72%, and the overlap rate of leukocytes is 15.51% ~ 17.18%; The overlap rate of erythrocytes in pyelonephritis patients is 3.64 ~ 4.95%, while the overlap rate of leukocytes is from 8.18 to 9.23%; The overlap rate of erythrocytes in cystitis patients is between 3.85% and 4.53%, and the overlap rate of leukocytes is 8.71% ~ 7.85%; In the glomerulonephritis group, the protein in urine is in the highest levels, the overlap rate of erythrocytes and leukocytes is higher than other groups significantly. (2) the Microfluidic Cell Chip technology can reduce the urinary cells overlap rate of three groups of patients, to levels of 0.22% ~ 0.28%. Conclusion: Microfluidic Cell Chip technology did reduce the overlap rate of erythrocytes and leukocytes in urine samples from patients with three different urinary tract disease.
Comparing 3 Different Foot Models for Ankle Joint Motion during Gait
Authors: Liu Hai Bin , He Zhi Qiang , Yuan Wen Xue , Yang Zhou
Published: October 2013

Objective is to study different foot models and their corresponding parameters, provide references for foot segment and give the correct definition for ankle joint angle. Methods: The data were captured and analyzed by Vicon Motion System, and compute the joint angle parameters. Conclusion: The Toe Model is no suit for constructing ankle joint, MidJoint Model only for high equipped motion capture system and Phalange Model should be recommended after verification.
Outer Conductor Inner Diameter Measuring System of Coaxial Transmission Line
Authors: Ye Hong Yu , Zheng Yi Zhong
Published: October 2013

In this paper, an outer conductor diameter measuring system for coaxial transmission lines are introduced. The structure of pole-distance changing cylinder capacitor sensor probe aperture measuring is analyzed. The signal analysis and control system of the whole measurement system is introduced in detail. The guarding ring technology is used to eliminate edge effect of effective measuring sensor electrode. The operation amplifying transform circuit is used to overcome the nonlinear problem of pole-distance changing sensor. Driving cable technology is adopted to reduce the influence of parasitic capacitance. Through the CCD image centering and grating encoder driven by stepping motor drive system and encoder system X, Y, Z axis precision positioning, in order to realize the long hole in any section of the nanomeasuring diameter; The measuring types of this system is: Φ 0.8 mm, Φ 1 mm, Φ 1.8 mm to Φ 7 mm hole diameter. The resolution is 5nm--20nm, the standard deviation of repeated measurement is 0.05μm--0.1μm. The measurement uncertainty is 2μm0.2μm.
Numerical Studies on Laser Welding Process
Authors: He Xiao Cong
Published: October 2013

Laser welding is widely adopted in different industry fields to assemble lightweight structures. Recent research developments relating to finite element analysis of laser welding process is reviewed in this paper. It is concluded that the finite element analysis of laser welding process will allow many different designs to be simulated in order to perform a selection of different system parameters before testing, which would currently take too long to perform or be prohibitively expensive in practice. The main methods used in finite element analysis of laser welding process are discussed and illustrated with brief case studies from the literature.
Effect of Thread Helix Angle on the Axial Metal Flow of Cross Wedge Rolling Thread Shaft
Authors: Yan Hua Jun , Wang Li Juan , Liu Yu Zhong , Li Guo Chang , Liu Jin Ping , Hu Zheng Huan
Published: October 2013

When rolling thread shaft in cross wedge rolling, forming quality of thread is affected by many process parameters such as the thread helix angle, which is a special and complex parameter. However, there is few study of the effect of the thread helix angle on thread shaft forming. In this paper how thread helix angle affects axial metal flow was analyzed from the perspective of rolling force and the forming process of thread shaft was simulated with different helix angles by the deform-3D software. Through the measurement of the point coordinates, the effect of the helix angle on the axial metal flow of rolled pieces was analyzed. Finally, the conclusion was obtained that helix angle causes the asymmetry of axial metal flow with small difference values for asymmetry and the axial metal flow of rolled pieces increases as the helix angle increases. The rolling thread segment can be ensured in the middle of rolled pieces by moving the blank a suitable distance in the reverse direction of the axial flow direction.
Technological Process Design and Simulation
Authors: Monka Peter , Hloch Sergej
Published: October 2013

The article deals with the designing and simulation of technological process. Its modelling in virtual 3D environment was realized by means of selected software Sketch Up Pro. Computer aid is one of the tools which enable to visualize workshop environment, the motion of all its objects and so to predict the behaviour of individual technical or technological equipments in the real production process. The collisions and other problems can be eliminated, so consequently the quality and production efficiency of existing manufacturing process can be improved. The article is concerned to the virtual design of gears production. There are described some aspects of this technological process, suggested technical devices and the individual steps needed for successful manufacturing start-up.
An Ergonomic Computer Mouse for Professional Designers
Authors: Faraji Ali , Farahmand Morteza Rohani
Published: October 2013

Some criteria for designing an ergonomic mouse for professional computer users via scenario-based design are presented in order to decrease Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) especially in upper limbs. Library research studies performed based on 5W-H approach extremely tend to medical, ergonomics and functional affairs. Since this study was user-centered design (interaction design), practical research studies performed for better comprehension of users needs by making use of questionnaire, interview and observation procedures in three field of design: ergonomics, functional and aesthetics. First, target group divided into three categories by using AHP method: A-users who work professionally with design, graphic and animation softwares; B-users who work professionally or unprofessionally with other softwares; and C-users who work professionally with engineering softwares. Then, 56 questionnaires are presented to this group and also they interviewed and 15 ones observed during interaction with computer mouse. Finally, 23 design criteria achieved and final idea designed based on these criteria. The most important notes that considered in final design are neutral position of wrist, ulnar deviation prevention and preventing from static and powerful grips.
Development of Test System for Subsea Tree Equipment
Authors: Cai Bao Ping , Liu Yong Hong , Zhang Yan Ting , Ma Jiang Tao , Zhang Yun Wei , Zhuang Yu Juan , Lu Pei Wei , Luo Yu Gui
Published: October 2013

A test system for subsea tree equipment is developed for tree function testing after repair. The test system mainly consists of hydraulic unit and electric unit. The hydraulic unit is developed by revamping an old hydraulic power unit, which consist of six components, including reservoir, flush/fill pump circuit, high pressure hydraulic pump circuits, accumulator group, hydraulic supply circuits and fluid return circuit. The electric unit for subsea tree is developed by using NI Compact DAQ system, In order to control the hydraulic unit and acquire the pressure signals easily. The test procedures for flowloops, valve, and hydrostatic hydraulic pressure cycling are proposed based on the factory acceptance testing of subsea tree. A test for a repaired subsea tree is performed by using the developed test system. The results show that the repaired subsea tree is good enough after repair, and verify that the developed test system works well.
Criteria for Recognition of Wheel Skid of Trains Based on Time Series Analysis
Authors: Peng Jun Bin , Hu Xiao Yi , Liu Yong Jun
Published: October 2013

Current criteria to judge wheel skid of trains such as velocity difference often cannot recognize wheel skid timely and have no uniform critical value for different trains or railway lines. Aiming at the disadvantages, new criteria based on time series analysis are proposed. With appropriate method of order determination and parameter estimation, AR time series model is established for the data series of velocity difference. Then, Greens function and characteristic equation are constructed with the parameters of the model to determine wheel skid by the convergence state of Greens function or the value of characteristic equations roots. Simulation result shows that the two criteria based on time series model can recognize wheel skid earlier than velocity difference. Moreover, the roots of characteristic equation can also be used as a criterion with a uniform critical value under different application conditions.
Transmission Study of Planetary Gear Mechanism Based on Matrix Theory
Authors: Zhao Qing Hua , Wu Xin Ping , Shu Bing Hao
Published: October 2013

According to the characteristic formula of planetary gear transmission, by studying the movement and torque transmission of planetary gear mechanism of Automatic Transmission, this paper presents a new method of transmission analysis by use of the matrix. The method established the mathematical model about the coupling form and shift constraint and torque transmission between the planetary lines based on matrix theory. It is generally applicable to the movement and torque calculation of complex planetary gear mechanism.
Novel Steam Powered Gravity Assisted Standalone Power System (SP-GA-SP System) Design for Remote Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Perumal P. Shunmuga , Uthariaraj V. Rhymend , Christo V.R. Elgin
Published: October 2013

Uninterrupted power supply through electrical grid is not possible for many remote areas like dense forest, hill areas, and deserts. The objective of the proposed work is to generate stand alone electricity using steam powered gravity assisted SP system for remote WSN applications. The proposed design drives the generator by triggering gravity force using steam powered cylinders with high thermal efficiency. The proposed SP system is used to recharge the battery systems of UAVs in remote sites thereby the UAVs are further used to recharge the remote wireless sensor nodes using laser beam transmissions.
Influence of Stark Effect and Quantum Wells Thickness on Optical Properties of InGaN Laser Diodes
Authors: Dong Shao Guang , Chen Guo Jie
Published: October 2013

The influences of Stark Effect and quantum wells thickness on the optical properties of InGaN laser diodes have been studied. The results indicated that the Stark Effect greatly affects the optical properties of InGaN laser diodes, when the quantum wells thickness increases, the Stark Effect leads to deteriorating of the optical proprieties of the InGaN laser diodes. The polarization in the active layer of the InGaN laser diodes has been estimated by the blue shift of the spectral lines. The results shown that the better properties of InGaN laser diodes can be obtained with smaller quantum wells thickness, where more carriers can be restricted in the quantum wells, which leads to a larger recombination rate, which in turn increases the output power of the laser diodes, decreases the threshold current of the laser diodes.
The Comparison of the Oil-Water Retained Rate between the Different Style Plates
Authors: Yeh Chang Tsang , Ma Tian Min , Lin Shu Cheng , Lin Tzung Wei , Chen Ho Cheng , Hong Wei Chin
Published: October 2013

Purpose: the purpose of this study was to compare the difference of the oil-water retained rate between different style plates. Methods: An ordinary commercial plate and the patented new health plate were used in the same meal program, and the oil-water retention were calculated for each meals. Results: Oil-water retention in patented dish was significantly more than the ordinary plate. Conclusions: Patented new plate has designed an additional V-shaped grooves which can keep more oil and water stay in the plate, and this new plate can fix vegetable, fruit, protein in the proportion to be a balanced and healthy diet. New plate not only can reduce oil-water in the dish and the proportion of food can clearly teach student s to understand and develop good control their diet behavior.
Development and Application on Double-Ball Exercising Device for Table Tennis
Authors: Zhang Xing Hai , Yang Min
Published: October 2013

This paper has developed a double-ball exercising device for table tennis and described its basic structure, working principle, processing, technical requirements, operation and application to solve the problems in device and technical practices for teaching and training of table tennis. With help of the device, athletes could quickly master essential skill and the effect of teaching and training markedly was enhanced.