bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Quality and Classification of some Slack Water at Digha Shore, Midnapur District, West Bengal
Authors: Ananda Rao T. , Shanwake P. G.
Published: May 2024

Slack waters at Digha, Midnapur district, West Bengal are used for irrigation in Betel Cultivation. For quality of slack waters, estimations for pH, T. S. S., CO2, HCO3, Cl, SO4 Ca, Mg and Na were done. These slack Waters are compared - with the local sea water and world average Fresh water It is inferred that these slack waters-are not under the Influence of sea water and can well be compared with world average fresh water. Salinity and sodium hazards are low in slack waters, as such they can be used for irrigation with advantage.
Effect of Photoperiod on Annual Growth Cycle of Two forest Tree Species at Seedling Stage
Authors: Saini A. D. , Safui B.
Published: May 2024

The seedlings of Pterygota alata and Manilkara bojeriwere exposed daily to normal day length (ND), short day (SD) and long day (LD) conditions. Relative rates of extension growth were calculated under each treatment.Under ND conditions, Pterygota plants assumed dormant condition from November to March with major part of season's growth occurring in August-September. Manilkara plants under similar conditions, continued to grow though the growth rates declined progressively and were of lower order during December-January.Under LD treatment, Pterygota plants became dormant one month later and resumed growth about two months earlier than ND plants; SD conditions, however, brought about dormant growth at the same time as ND treatment but the growth was resumed as under LD plants i.e. about two months earlier than ND. Manilkara plants were induced to dormant condition both under SD and LD treatments and the period corresponded exactly with small growth rates under ND conditions.It is concluded that these two species are by and large indifferent to LD and SD conditions and that the annual growth-cycle in nature is more under the changing influence of total sum of weather conditions rather than entirely on day lengths.
The Chemical Composition of some Dune Slack Waters of Puri, Orissa
Authors: Mukerjee A. K.
Published: May 2024

Analyses of pH, total dissolved solids, CG-, HCO3-, Cl, SO4-, Ca++, Mg++, Na+ & K+ are presented for dune slack water samples of Puri. From these analyses sodium percentage, residual sodium carbonate and sodium-adsorption-ratio are calculated. It is found from these data that alkali or salinity hazard is low in these waters which can therefore be utilised for irrigation purposes.
Tayloriophyton: a New Malaysian Genus of Melastomataceae
Authors: Nayar M. P.
Published: May 2024

A new Genus Tayloriophyton Based on Tayloriophyton Glabrum Nayar and T. longisetosum (Ridl.) Nayar is Described with Illustrations. a New Variety T. Glabrum Var. Sessilifolium is also Proposed.
A New Species of Ceropegia Linn. (Asclepiadaceae) from Western Ghats, Maharashtra
Authors: Wadhwa B. M. , Ansari M. Y.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Some New Names and New Combinations in the Genus Maytenus Molin. (Celastraceae)
Authors: Raju D. C. S. , Babu C. R.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Critical Notes on the Nomenclature of some Menispermaceae
Authors: Santapau H. , Janardhanan K. P.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Occurrence of 3-Zonocolpate, Diorate Pollen in Aeschynomene aspera Linn. (Leguminosae) and the Significance of Pollen Morphology in the Taxonomy of the Genus Aeschynomene Linn.
Authors: Sharma B. D.
Published: May 2024

3-zonocolpate, diorate pollen grains are of rare occurrence and have been reported in the families Didymelaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Myoporaceae, Scrophulariaceae, etc. (Erdtman, 1952). The paper records for the first time the occurrence of the similar pollen grains in Aeschynomene aspera Linn. (Leguminosae-Papilionatae). In addition to it, two more species of Aeschynomene, viz., A. indica Linn. and A. nyikensis Baker have been investigated. The data reveal pollen morphological heterogeneity in the genus, and in the light of this heterogeneity the taxonomic and evolutionary significance of these species have been discussed.
Notes on the Teratology of Certain Angiosperms
Authors: Singh N. P.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Studies in Leguminosae: Gueldenstaedtia santapaui Thoth.-A Rake and Interesting New Species of Leguminosae from Bhutan
Authors: Thothathri K.
Published: May 2024

Gueldenstaedtia santapaui Thoth. a new species of Leguminosae, collected from the Bhutan Himalayas is described.
Flora of Bulandshahr District
Authors: Singh N. P.
Published: May 2024

The paper gives an account of the vegetation of the district of Bulandshahr in Central Uttar Pradesh. Edaphic, climatic, biotic and other factors determining the floristic composition of the district have been discussed in the paper. Aquatic and cultivated plants, avenue trees and orchard plants have been mentioned. A list of 376 species has been appended to give an idea of the flora of the District. Cuscuta capitata Roxb. and Clinopodium umbrosum (M. Bieb.) Koch have been reported for the first time from the U. P. plains.
Notes on Hedychium Koenig, Including Four New Species from Khasi & Jaintia Hills, Assam
Authors: Rao A. S. , Verma D. M.
Published: May 2024

Four new species of Hedychium Koenig: H. calcaratum, H. dekianum, H. gracillimum and H. rubrum are described from K.&J. Hills, Assam with analytical illustrations. Critical additional descriptive notes are also included in respect of a few other species.
Biochemical Affinities of some Species of Ficus
Authors: Saini A. D. , Mukherjee M. K.
Published: May 2024

Polyphenolic constituents of eighteen Ficus species were studied as separated by paper chromatography. Their inter-relationship was examined on the basis of their paired affinity (PA) indices. A comparative relationship of each Species in respect of PA values with others, are shown in polygonal graphs. Each species posses a distinct shape and area of these polygons. F. eriobotryoides, the only species native of Tropical Africa included, has distinctly smaller PA values thereby indicating its remote relationship with others.About 25-30% of the polyphenolic constituents are common in all the species, probably an indication of common heritage. At least two phenolics are found to be common to all the species studied.PA indices between 30 and 60% are shown by a fairly large group of species in each case. Considering PA values above 60% or less than 30% as indicating more nearness or remoteness respectively, it is possible to show inter-relationship among them. The various species of the subgenus Urostigma clearly isolate themselves into one group. F. virens, F. elastica and F. drupaceae var. pubescens appear to be the connecting links between the species of the subgenus Urostigma and Ficus. Details of the relationship are discussed.
A Nomenclatural Note on Andrographis laxiflora (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Sreemadhavan C. P.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
A Note on Aglaia littoralis Talb.
Authors: Sundara Raghavan R.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Dissochaeta alstonii Sp. Nov. (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Nayar M. P.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Artabotrys nicobarianus D. Das-A New Species from the Nicobar Islands
Authors: Das Debika
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
A New Species Neodissochaeta Bakh. F. (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Nayar M. P.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Solanum hispidum Pers-A New Record for South India
Authors: Rao A. V. N.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Ceropegia media (Huber) Ansari Stat. Nov. from Western Ghats (Maharashtra)
Authors: Ansari M. Y.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Plant Collection with the Kedarnath Parbat Expedition
Authors: Naithani B. D.
Published: May 2024

The paper gives an account of the collection of plants made by the author who was a botanist member of the Kedarnath Parbat Expedition organised by the Gangotri Exploration Committee, Calcutta in Sept.-Oct., 1967. The area under study lies between 30Â°80'-31Â°25'N and 78Â°60'-79Â°45'E and includes the Bhagirathi valley, Gangotri glacier, Tapovan, Sivalinga Base, and the glacier regions around the Kedarnath Dome, covering an altitude range of 1500 m to 5500 m. During the stay with the expedition nearly 1375 specimens comprising 187 species of flowering plants, 6 species of Gymnosperms and 8 species of Pteridophytes were collected. Notes on the places of special interest are also incorporated in brief in the paper.
Parakaempferia synantha (Zingiberaceae)-A New Genus & Species from Assam
Authors: Rao A. S. , Verma D. M.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Notes on Indian Grasses-Proliferation in some more Genera
Authors: Jain S. K. , Pal D. C.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Notes on Zingiberaceae from Assam
Authors: Rao A. S. , Verma D. M.
Published: May 2024

These notes based on a study of live plants and related herbarium material include the description of the hitherto unknown vegetative phase of Amomum pauciflorum Baker; distribution of Amomum corynostachyum Wall.; detail description of Hornstedtia loroglossa (Gagnep.) Schum. and additional remarks on Globba clarkei Baker. Kaempferia involucrata King ex Baker and Mantisia saltatoria Sims.
In Memoriam
Authors: Srinivasan K. S.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Further Contribution to the Flora of Dangs forest in Gujarat
Authors: Shah G. L. , Suryanarayana B.
Published: May 2024

223 more plants collected from Dangs forest have been accounted for in this paper. Of these 68 are monocotyledons and 155 are dicotyledons. 28 species, marked with an asterisk, are published in earlier works but their nomenclature is brought up-todate. Sida rhombifolia var. obovata Mast., Zizyphus mauritiana var.fruticosa Seb. and Balk, and Dicliptera roxburghiana Nees are additional new records from Dangs for erstwhile Bombay Presidency.
Angiospermic Flora of Darbhanga (Mithila, North Bihar)-I
Authors: Misra Arun Kumar
Published: May 2024

This communication is thfi first of a series of preliminary reports of angiospermic plants growing in Darbhanga and around. This includes 287 species, 243 genera and 93 families in total. Monocots are represented by 51 species, 47 genera and 18 families; and dicots by 236 species, 196 genera and 75 families. The arrangement of families is according to Bentham and Hooker (1862-83).
Saponin Distribution in Angiosperms and its Bearing on their Classification
Authors: Kundu B. C. , Gupta B.
Published: May 2024

In this paper the groups of plants in which saponins are reported to occur have been listed, and their relationships shown according to the phylogenetic system of classification of Hutchinson. Steroidal saponins mostly occur in different orders of the division Corolliferae of subphyllum Monocotyledons; they are also present in a few families of Dicotyledons like Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Acanthaceae, etc., but saponins present in these families are somewhat different in their nature. Triterpenoid saponins are mostly distributed in some orders of the division Lignosae of the subphyllum Dicotyledons. In this division, Euphorbiales and related orders, Capparidales and related orders and Rosales and related orders Me important sources. In the division Herbaceae some orders like Garyophyllales and Berberidales are also important sources of triterpenoid saponins. There is a marked affinity among plants containing similar saponins. Hutchinson's classification comes very close to the arrangement based on saponin-content. Some suggestions for modification of the classification in the light of saponin-content has been made. A plea is made that phylogenetic system of classification should take into account the presence of saponins and other chemical constituents.
Observations on the Flora of Harishchandragarh, Sahyadri Range, Maharashtra
Authors: Billore K. V. , Hemadri Koppula
Published: May 2024

The paper presents an account of the vegetation of Harishchandragarh, Maharashtra State, an interesting area unexplored since Dalzellâ€™s time (1861). Dicraea dichotoma (Gardn.) Tull, is collected for the first lime from Sahyadri ranges of Western ghats. A new verlety namely Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic, up. Utraphyllus (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Borss. var. megaspermus Hemadri is alio described. In all 330 species comprising 245 genera, representing 87 families of Angiosperms have been enumerated.
Notes on some Botanical Institutions of U.S.S.R.
Authors: Jain S. K.
Published: May 2024

The paper gives a brief account of the botanical institutions in the following towns of U.S.S.R., visited by the author during April to October, 1969: Leningrad, Moscow, Batumi, Dushanbe, Kabuleti, Kiev, Novosibirsk, Tashkent, Tbilisi and Yalta.
A New Variety of Galium Confertum Royle Ex Hook. F. from N. W. Himalayas
Authors: Nayar M. P. , Malick K. C.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
A New Variety of Rostellularia vahlii from South India
Authors: Ellis J. L.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Breeding and the use of Gibberellic Acid to Increase Seed Production in Pansy (Viola tricolor L.)
Authors: Bose S. , Kapur P.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
The Genus Craterostigma Hochst. (Scrophulariaceae) in India
Authors: Maheshwari J. K. , Singh V.
Published: May 2024

Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst. (Scrophulariaceae) collected from Shivpuri, M. P. is recorded for the first time from India. The species was known earlier from tropical Africa and Arabia only. It is, therefore, described in detail together with notes on its ecology and distribution, variation and affinities, and its importance in the folk lore of Shivpuri, M. P.
Pharmacognostic Studies on the Stem Barks of Four Species of Cinnamomum
Authors: Chaudhurai Rai H. N. , Kayal R. N.
Published: May 2024

The pharmacognostic studies on the stem barks of four species of Cinnamomum viz. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, C. camphora Nees & Eberm., C. tamala Fr. Nees & C. iners Reinw. have been made. Macroscopic and microscopic characters and the characters of the powders of each bark have been studied and the authentic diagnostic characters of each bark were noted down in the table. These will remove confusion in proper identification of the market samples and will also help in checking adulterations.
On the Occurrence of Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin.) Blake (Asteraceae) in South India
Authors: Pandey D. S.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Pentabothra nana Hook. F. - A Little Known Asclepiadaceae Member
Authors: Mitra Debika (Nee Das) , Roy Bhabesh
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
A Note on Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth.
Authors: Thothathri K.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Angiosperm Flora of Darbhanga (Mithila, North Bihar)-III
Authors: Mishra Arunkumar
Published: May 2024

This includes a total of 147 species, 114 genera and 49 families. 42 famiiies, 90 genera and 109 species belong to dicots; and 7 families, 24 genera and 38 species to monocots. In addition, 7 gymnosperms and 15 pteridophytes have also been listed. This makes the last and final part of the work, as far as this author could do.
Pharmacognostic Studies on the Genus Solanum Linn. Part I
Authors: Kammathy R. V. , Chaudhuri Rai H. N. , Kayal K. N.
Published: May 2024

The pharmacognostic anatomical studies on the high solasodine yielding berries of Solanum viarum Dunal, S. elaeagnifolium Cav. and also the leaves of S. trilobatum Linn., S. nigrum Linn. root, of S. trilobatum Linn. which are used in the indigenous system of medicine are presented.
Epidermal and Venation Studies in the Indian Species of Polygonum Linn. (Polygonaceae)-I.
Authors: Kapoor S. L. , Sharma P. C. , Kapoor L. D.
Published: May 2024

Epidermal chargcters and venation pattern of leaves of ten Indian species of Polygonum Linn. belonging to five sections viz., P. recumbens Royle ex Bab. (Sect. Avicularia Meissn.) ; P. affine D. Don, P. amplexicaule Don, P. vacciniifolium Wall. ex Meissn. (Sect. Bistorta Tourn.) ; P. glabrum Willd., P. lupathifolium Linn., P. serrulatum Lagasc. (Sect. Persicaria Meissn.) ; P. chinense Linn., P. nepalense Meissn. (Sect. Cephalophilon) and P. rumicifolium Royle ex Bab. (Sect. Aconogon Meissn.) have been investigated for an appraisal of the extent of utility of these characters with regard to the taxonomy of this interesting group. The variability pattern in these features has been found to be independent of the established pattern at sectional level as set by criteria of external morphology. However, these do serve as helpful data of diagnostic value.
Additions to the Flora of Anamalai Hills, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Vajravelu E. , Joseph J.
Published: May 2024

The paper deals with an additional list of 163 species comprising 61 families of flowering plants and Pteridophytes, to the Flora of Anamaiai Hills, - "A Survey of the Flora of the Anamalai Hills in the Coimbatore District, Madras Presidency by C.E.C. Fischer in Rec. bot. Surv. India 9(1) : 1-218, 1921".
Materials for the Flora of Chandrapur District, Maharashtra State
Authors: Malhotra S. K. , Moorthy Sirasala
Published: May 2024

A general account of the vegetation of the Chandrapur district in Maharashtra State is presented in the paper. Location, topography, geology and climate are briefly discussed. An enumeration of plants is added to give an idea of the flora of the district.
A Contribution to the Ecological Anatomy of Maritime Strand Plants of India
Authors: Ananda Rao T. , Das G. C.
Published: May 2024

The present paper deals with the ecological anatomy of seven representative species of strand/dune habitat. An attempt is made to give habitat descriptions of each plant supplemented with anatomical features of ecological significance.
Six Noteworthy Corticolous Lichens from India
Authors: Roy Chowdhury K. N.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
A New Species of Lichen from West Bengal
Authors: Roy Chowdhury K. N.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Scleranthus Annuus Linn. - A New Record for India
Authors: Subba Rao G. V. , Kumari G. R.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Seshagiria Ansari et Hemadri (Asclepiadaceae) from Maharashtra State, India - Additional Data
Authors: Ansari M. Y. , Hemadri K.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
New and Little Known Taxa from Anaimudi and Surrounding Regions, Devicolam, Kerala-IV: Notes on some Rare Species
Authors: Shetty B. V. , Vivekananthan K.
Published: May 2024

Juncus effusus Linn, is reported for the first time from South India. Additional information on a few little known taxa from Kerala are given.
Forest Flora of Nichlaul-IV. Trees
Authors: Singh S. K. , Dixit S. N.
Published: May 2024

This paper enlists the trees found in Nichlaul forest, Gorakhpur Division (U.P.). Geographical limits, topography, edaphic and climatic factors of the area, its vegetational composition, injurious factors, phenological behaviour of the common plants and an artificial key to the families as well as to the species are given. In all, 109 tree species belonging to 91 genera and 44 families are included, giving field observations, local names, habit, habitat, dominance and sociability. Flowering and fruiting seasons as well as collection numbers of plants are indicated.
Taxonomy of the Genus Apluda L.
Authors: Murty U. R.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
New Records of Flowering Plants for Kashmir-I
Authors: Singh Gurcharan
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Tetralocular Fruits in Cleistanthus patulus Muell.-Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Kumari G. R.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Three Noteworthy Lichens from Darjeeling District
Authors: Roy Chowdhury K. N.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Seed Germination of Alangium Lamarckii (Akola)
Authors: Mookherjea Sipra , Mathew Rebecca , Dan S. S.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Identity of Anacolosa griffithii Mast. from Andamans
Authors: Chakrabarti Anjali
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
On the Nomenclature of Microcarpaea muscosa R. Br. (scrophulariaceae)
Authors: Pramanik B. B.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
CCC Induced Changes in Rauvolfia serpentina
Authors: Basu Debjani , Chakraverty R. K.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
New Distrtbutional Records from Orissa Coast
Authors: Banerjee L. K. , Das G. C.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Arundinella ciliata (Roxb.) Nees Ex MIQ.-A New Record for Erstwhile Bombay State
Authors: Naik V. N.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Two New Records of the Genus Oxalis for Jammu and Kashmir State
Authors: Koul A. K. , Karihaloo J. L.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
A Note on Grona simplicifolia (Dalz.) Raizada (Leguminosae) from India
Authors: Panigrahi G.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Two New Flowering Plants from South India
Authors: Henry A. N. , Chandrabose M.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
New and Little Known Taxa from Anaimudi and Surrounding Regions, Devicolam, Kerala-V: A New Variety of Pogostemon travancoricus Bedd
Authors: Shetty B. V. , Vivekananthan K.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Two Noteworthy Flowering Plants from South India
Authors: Chandrabose M.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Ariopsis peltata Nimmo, First Report of a Poorly Known Aroid, from Kameng Dist., Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Rao A. S. , Hajra P. K.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
A Note on the Distribution of Spergularia rubra (Linn.) J. & C. Presl (caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Bhat J. L. , Kumar S.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Botanical Results of the Joint Scientific Expedition to the Great Nicobar Island
Authors: Thothathri K. , Banerjee S. P. , Mukherjee P. K. , Hajra P. K. , Pal G. D.
Published: May 2024

The results of an extensive and intensive botanical exploration, conducted in the Great Nicobar Island during a Joint Scientific Expedition in 1966 are summarised in this paper. Notes on the topography, geology, soil and climate are given. The vegetation and flora are dealt under (1) Mangrove forat, (2) Beach forest, (3) Littoral forest, (4)Tropical Evergreen forest and (5) Riverine vegetation. An enumeration of plants, collected during the expedition is appended. Notes on plants of economic importance are given at the end.
Eria muscicola (Lindl.) Lindl. Var. Brevilinguis-A New Variety of Orchid from Agastyamalai, South India
Authors: Joseph J. , Chandrasekaran V.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Cleisostoma paniculatum (Ker-Gawl.) Garay (Orchidaceae)-A New Record for India
Authors: Deori N. C. , Malhotra C. L.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Strobilanthes walkeri Arn. Ex Nees (Acanthaceae)-A New Record for India from Nilgiris
Authors: Vajravelu E. , Srinivasan S. R.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Studies on South Indian Ferns-III: Notes on Two Rare and Little Known Taxa
Authors: Bhargavan P.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Zygnemataceae of Eastern Himalaya-I: Spirogyra
Authors: Santra S. C. , Adhya T. K.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Cytotaxonomy of Amaryllidaceae
Authors: Bose Smritimoy
Published: May 2024

Chromosome numbers are now known for about 46 genera in the family Amaryllidaceae. The lowest basic number has been found to be 5 and the' highest 30. Besides these two, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 23 and 29 have also been encountered of which 11 is found in majority of the genera. In a number of genera the derivation of one basic number from the other has been established. In the genus Allium largest number of species have been studied cytologically. The next largest is Narcissus followed by Zephyranthes, Crinum, Hippeastrum and Lycorisin that order.B or supernumerary chromosomes have been observed in Agapanthus, Allium, Crinum, Cooperia, Haemanthus, Hippeastrum, Lycoris and Narcissus.In this family repatterning of chromosomes through inversions (both para afid pericentric), translocation, polyploidy (eu-, aneuo-, hetero-, auto-, and allopolyploidy) and hybridization have played prominent role in chromosome number evolution, karyotype alteration and specisvtion. In addition to this, gene mutation has also played significant part in speciation. Ready vegetative propagation has helped in maintaining sterile hybrids and those forms with numerical and structural changes of chromosomes. Apomixis has also been responsible in chromosome number evolution in some genera.A consideration of taxonomic work done in Amaryllidaceae points out that Hutchinson's system of classification, based on the umbellate inflorescence rather than on the position of the ovary, has been found to be more phylogenetic but the amendments proposed by several workers for changes in tribal and generic level could be taken into consideration and in some cases may be justified.
Taxonomy of Algae
Authors: Desikachary T. V.
Published: May 2024

Principles of Taxonomy, especially pertaining to the Algae are discussed at length. Though primarily based on morphology, other criteria, such as reproduction and life history flagellation, cytological details, pigmentation, nature of metabolic products, etc., play a distinct and sometimes a significant role at different taxonomic levels in the Algae. In referring to the place of Phytogeny in the Taxonomy of Algae, it is shown that Phylogeny has played a vital role in the past and would, equally in the future, play its part in Taxonomy of Algae like any other discipline.
Rank of the Subfamilies Loranthoideae and Viscoideae
Authors: Dixit S. N.
Published: May 2024

The family Loranthaceae has been divided into the subfamilies Loranthoideae and Viscoideae (Engler, 1888-89 ; Danser, 1929, 1933a, b). These two subfamilies show great dissimilarity in their morphological as well as their embryological characters.In the Loranthoideae flowers may be unisexual or bisexual, but a calyculus is invariably present. The ovary may contain a lobed or unlobed mamelon, or the mamelon may be extremely reduced or absent. A collenchymatous pad or tube is invariably present in the ovary. The embryo sac is of the Polygonum type. Many embryo sacs may develop simultaneously in the same ovary and their tips grow up into the style and in some cases reach the stigma. The lower end of the sac sometimes produces a caecum. The endosperm is a composite structure formed by the fusion of all the endosperms developing in the same ovary. The first division of the zygote is always vertical and is followed by transverse divisions resulting in a long biseriate proembryo. The fruit shows 4 distinct layers and the viscid layer is situated outside the vascular bundles of the corolla.In the Viscoideae, flowers are unisexual and the calyculus is absent except in Viscum orientate and V. articulation. The central ovarian papilla has 2 or more archesporial cells, each of which divides to form two dyad cells. Of these the upper dyad cell is the larger and functions, while the lower soon degenerates. Thus the development conforms to Allium type. A peculiar feature is that after the 4-nucleate stage there is a slow but steady curvature of the embryo sac, which causes its lower end to bend out of the papilla and proceed upwards into the carpellary tissue. The egg apparatus differentiates from the quartet in the originally lower pole, which is later situated at a higher level than the upper. Generally only one embryo sac develops which is said to show inverted polarity. The endosperm is derived from the primary endosperm nucleus of a single embryo sac. The first division of the zygote is transverse except in Korthalsella. The embryo lacks a suspensor. The viscous part of the fruit is situated within the vascular bundles of the perigone.Thus, the Loranthoideae and the Viscoideae show important differences in floral structure, mode of development of the embryo sac, endosperm and embryo, and in the location of the viscid zone of the fruit. These differences adequately warrant the raising of the two subfamilies to the rank of fatnilies. As proposed by Miers (see Danser, 1929), the name Loranthaceae may be retained for the Loranthoideae, and the Viscoideae may be designated Viscaceae.
Mapping of Vegetation and Environmental Conditions
Authors: Legris P.
Published: May 2024

There are various methods of vegetation mapping which depend upon the scale of the work and the facts to be shown. Professor H. GAUSSENâ€™s method has proved as successful in Tropical India as in temperate and mediterranean regions. It aims at representing the vegetation types at medium and small scales.(1) The basic principle is the use of colours of an ecological value. Among the factors of the environment, only those which play a part in the water equilibrium of the vegetation will be shown and the combination of their colours will become representative of the ecology.High temperature and long dry period will increase the evaporation. Rainfall and relative humidity 'will be favourable to the plant growth. Then a conventional, but natural choice of blue and violet shades for humidity, and on the other hand, red or yellow shades for heat and drought will provide all the coloration possibilities.Six classes are defined for Temperature, Rainfall and Xerothermic index (length and intensity of the dry season). Each class has its conventional shade. In any place the climate is easily summarised into an ecological formula which will include for more precision the light factor, the vegetative period and the soil factor.Soil factor is taken into account:-either by its effect on the water balance. The colour is shaded accordingly, for instance, the mangrove, the vegetation of saline soils ;-or by its limiting effect on the floristic composition of the vegetation types. For example, the lateritic caps. These features are shown by the superimposition of a symbol.(2) Another originality of the method is the representation of "Series.of Vegetation". Various physiognomic stages of degradation of the same series are shown by means of lines, stripplings etc. But the same colour, representative of the general ecology of one series is used for all its serial stages.Floristic releves are made in the field. Their comparison brings out the relationship between the successive stages of the series and leads to the most developed type possible under the present ecological conditions. This maximum stage, the least disturbed by biotic factors, is the "plesioclimax". It is the maximum vegetation to be expected under present conditions if human interference it excluded. Its characteristic and dominant species axe used to name the series.The plesioclimax helps to appreciate the ecological-potentiality of the place and therefore will be of some guidance for the introduction of new species.Since similar colours are used for similar climates in the world, the colours show homo-bioclimates under which grow similar vegetation, types even if their floristic composition is different.Several examples are taken from vegetation maps of Tunisia, Algeria, and South India.
The Flora of Kodaikanal
Authors: Matthew K. M. , S. J.
Published: May 2024

Kodaikanal is of special botanical interest for its temperate flora, rare in Peninsular India, on account of high altitude and consequent moderate temperaturÃ©. The climate is characterized by moderate temperature with low annual range, and moderate and well-distributed rainfall.- Its flora is relatively rich, but not yet studied exhaustively and critically.The flora of Kodaikanal has been subjected to excessive human interference, as first by noted by' Beddome already in 1858, and this has been true ever since, especially of late. A disastrous form of interference is the putting of fire during summer to ensure good growth of grass with the first showers. Recently many places have been completely cleared for cultivation. The more ornamental species like orchids and lilies, and the rarer pteridophytes have been removed by visiting botanists. Thus the flora of Kodaikanal, as it is today, is but a relic of a rich flora in the past.The present paper restricts itself to the plants above alt. 1675 m. The flora of this area may be classified at first into the Indigenous and the Exotic, treated separately, below.
Ecology as an Aid to Floristics I : Adaptation and Ecotypes
Authors: Pandeya S. C.
Published: May 2024

The paper aims to demonstrate the role of the biological environment in shaping a plant species. Genetically and physiologically controlled demands and range of tolerance and their interactions produce a mosaic of populations. It is in these populations that 'ecads' and 'ecotypes are distinguished.The paper gives suitable examples of adaptations, ecads and ecotypes.This has opened a new line of work in taxonomic studies. Slight differences in morphological or even physiological characters of otherwise similar species should not be taken to separate the spÃ©cies taxonomically. Only ecological experimentation will provide the final answer.
Classification and Phylogeny
Authors: Puri V.
Published: May 2024

A scientific study of classification of plants started with Linnaeus when in 1753 he published his monumental 'Species Plantarum' that made him the father of systematic botany. Linnaeus' system of classification was an artificial one, based as it was on tome arbitrarily selected characters.' He himself regarded it as "one of convenience until the tÃ­me when a. Natural System could take-its place". Subsequently, however, classification began to be based on general resemblances and differences and the species came to be regarded as a concept rather than a fixed entity. Such a classification came to be known as a 'natural', 'logical' or more recently 'general' classification.It is emphasized that in the present state of our knowledge it is almost impossible to trace any group phylogenies. Even if we are able to determine them it will be very difficult to incorporate them in our classificatory schemes. It is therefore concluded that the main task of the systematist should be "to make a general classification which shall express as far as possible in rational order all that is known concerning plants and animals. This ideal which, even if never attained, is one which may still make the systematist proud in the magnitude of his task. It is an ideal greater than the phylogenetic ideal which is included in it and one which in the process of attempted attainment must make taxonomy what it should be, the focal point of biology".
Studies on the Trichomes of some Compositae II. Phylogeny and Classification
Authors: Ramayya N.
Published: May 2024

On the basis of the evidences from structural patterns, modes of development and metamorphic variations, the vegetative trichomes of the Compositae are shown to consist of four systems viz., I. Filiform System II. Macroform System III. M-Multiseriate System and P-Multiseriate System.As Trichomes comprise more than one system, their phylogeny and classification needs to be studied separately within each system.Evidences from the metamorphic variations and from the trichomes of the hybrids are shown to be of value in tracing the relationships. Netolitzky's (1932) phyletic dicta-which in general conform to the evolutionary principle 'simple to complex'-are considered to be useful in recognising the general primitive or advanced condition of a trichome within its system.Within the systems, trichomes are shown, to be classifiable into the three morphological groups 'Papillae', 'Scales' and 'Hairs' adopted by Cowan (1950) for the trichomes in Rhododendron.Studies on the trichomes of vascular plants in general are emphasized so that information could be available on the total number of their systems and distribution which will not only be of morphological value but also bf taxonomic significance.
Cyperaceae of Gujarat
Authors: Sabnis S. D.
Published: May 2024

The family Cyperaceae, because of the difficulty experienced in identifying the members, have been utterly neglected. The aim of the present work is to provide a more up-to-date flora of the family by compiling the available data and the data gathered by the author during the course of various excursions to places in north, central and south Gujarat. The number of species reported from Gujarat region by previous workers comes to 50. To this have been added 14 sedges which are new to Gujarat. Notes on the habit, habitat of these plants along with a distribution chart of all the sedges have been included in the present paper.
The Present State of Taxonomy and Floristics in India after Independence
Authors: Santapau H.
Published: May 2024

The following is an account of development of Plant Taxonomy and Floristics in India after 1947. Taxonomy has been regarded as a sort of second rate botany, and in consequence has not attracted students ; there have been, however, a number of distinguished scholars and schools that have continued the work on Taxonomy in spite of the general discouragement.
Solanum blumei Nees Ex Blume - A New Record for India
Authors: Subba Rao G. V. , Kumari T. R.
Published: May 2024

The paper records for the first time the occurrence in India of Solanum blumei Nees ex Bl. from Subansiri Frontier Division, N. E. F. A. This plant was hitherto known from Sumatra, Java and Borneo. A detailed description of the plant is given in the paper.
New Records of Plants for India: Orchids-I
Authors: Kataki S. K. , Panigrahi G.
Published: May 2024

This note presents three species of orchids viz. Bulbophyllum penicillium Par. & Reichb. f., Dendrobium infundibulum Lindl. and Dendrobium podagraria Hook. f. as new records for India and presents data on their habitat and distribution, both in India and abroad.
New Species of Polygonum from Assam
Authors: Subba Rao G. V.
Published: May 2024

A new species of Polygonum named Polygonum glundulosum Subba Rao, collected from the sandy bank of Sarbhanga river, Goalpara, Assam by Shri R. S. Rao (Rolla Seshagiri Rao 7162 A) haa been described with the illustrations.
Atomic Garden in Yugoslavia
Authors: Misic Aleksandar
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Andrographolide: the Active Principle of Kalmegh
Authors: Maiti P. C.
Published: May 2024

The paper gives a critical review of the chemistry of andrographolide, the active principle of Andrographis paniculata Nees, the common bitter popularly known as Kalmegh. It was isolated in 1911 and although the gross chemical nature as a trihydroxy diterpene lactone was known much earlier, it took more than fifty years for its complete elucidation.
Some New Records for the Punjab Plains II
Authors: Nair N. C. , Nair V. J.
Published: May 2024

Acalypha indica Linn., Euphorbia geniculata Ort., Heliotropium curassavicum Linn., Micrococca mercurialis (Linn.) Benth., Oxalis martiana Zucc., Physalis longifolia Nutt., Tephrosia uniflora Pers. subsp.' petrosa (Blatt, et Hall.) Gill, et Ali, Trifolium fragiferum Linn, and Trigonella occulta Delile have been recorded for the first time from the plains of the Punjab. Physalis longifolia Nutt, and Hetiotropitm curassavicum Linn, are new records for northern India.
A Note on Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq
Authors: Arora R. K. , Sen Gupta G.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
A Further Contribution to the Host Range of Dendrophthoe Falcata (L,F.) Ettingsh
Authors: Narasimha Rao V. L. , Ravindranath V.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Ecological Observations along the River Banks at Allahabad, U. P.
Authors: Singh J. S. , Mitra Krishna
Published: May 2024

This paper embodies the ecological observations made along the exposed riverbeds and the immediate banks of the rivers Jamuna and Ganga at Allahabad during thÃ© months of April to June in 1962 and 1963.The physical features, climate and soil of the area are discussed.Botanical composition of the vegetation and the relative abundance, preference for habitat, types, and phenology of the important species are given.The vegetation is characterised by the preponderance of annual plants and consists of the species of the wet meadow and dry meadow stages of Dudgeon (1920). The thorn scrub Stage is represented by Acacia arabica and Zizyphus jujuba.
Contribution to the Flora of Kashmir-Lolab Valley
Authors: Wali M. K. , Tiku S. N.
Published: May 2024

The paper deals with the flora of Lolab, a lovely and beautiful side valley in the Kashmir Himalayas and presents a systematic census of 246 species out of which 229 are Angiosperms, 7 are Gymnosperms and 10 are Pteridophytes. The flora was investigated ecologically and frequency Values of some of the species are mentioned. Among species of special interest Angelica archangelica, Cassiope fastigata, Fritillaria roylei, Morina longifolia and Pleurogyne spathulata may be mentioned.
Some Plant Records for Lahul and Spiti
Authors: Nair N. C.
Published: May 2024

Artemisia macrocephala Jacq. ex Bess., A. sacrorum Ledeb., Cyananthus lobatus Wall, ex Benth., Dontostemon glandulosum (Kar. et Kir) Schulz, Gentiana marginata Griseb., G. sororkula Burkill, Microsi symbrium minutiflorum (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Schulz, Polygonum molliaeforme Boiss., P. polycnemoides Jaub. et Spach., Primula reptans Hook, f., Tanacetum nubigenum Wall., T. tripinnatifidum Oliver, and Taraxacum wattii Hook. f. are reported from Lahul and Spiti.
Pharmacognostic Studies on the Leaf of Cassia sophera Linn
Authors: Chaudhuri Rai H. N.
Published: May 2024

The macroscopic and microscopic studies of the leaves of Gassia sophera Linn, are made. Unicellular pointed-head trichomes present throughout the margin of the leaves, rosette crystals of calcium oxalate and rubiaceous stomata present throughout the leaves are the chief diagnostic characters.
Pteridophytes of Godavari Region
Authors: Raju D. C. S.
Published: May 2024

This article deals with the Pteridophyte Flora of East and West districts of Godavari in Andhra Pradesh. Botanical Explorations were undertaken in the Polavaram and Rampa agency tracts and in all 30 species of Pteridophytes representing 22 Genera and 14 Families are enumerated.
Taxonomic Studies in Genus Oryza L. II. some Nomenclature Confusions
Authors: Sharma S. D. , Shastry S. V. S.
Published: May 2024

Wild rices of Asia have been variously referred to by different workers as Oryza perennis, O. fatua, Oerufipogon, O. sativa var. fatua, O. saliva L. f. spontanea, O. balunga, O. formosana etc. Validity of each of these names and their application to the taxa are discussed and it is concluded that (i) the name O. perennis is to be discarded, (ii) valid name for perennial wild rice of Asia is O. rufipogon and (iii) annual wild rice of Asia lacks a valid name.
Some New Plant Records for the Punjab Plains III
Authors: Nair N. C. , Nair V. J.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Ceropegia fantastica Sedgwick (Asclepiadaceae)-an Imperfectly Known Species
Authors: Kanodia K. C. , Reddi B. V.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
A New Species of Euphorbia from Agastyamalai Hills, Madras State
Authors: Henry A. N.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
The Indian Botanic Garden, Calcutta and the Gardens of the West Indies
Authors: Howard Richard A. , Powell Dulcie A.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Non-Herbaceous Phanerogams of the Indian Botanic Garden, Calcutta
Authors: Sen J. , Naskar J. N.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Miscellaneous Botanical Notes 5
Authors: Kostermans A. J. G. H.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Vascular Plants of Bastar, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Subramanyam K. , Henry A. N.
Published: May 2024

The Bastar area comes under Bastar district of the Madhya Pradesh and lies south of Raipur between 19Â°0'-21Â°0'N and 81Â°0'-82Â°0'E. The major portion of this area has more or less remained botanically unexplored so far and three exploration trips were conducted in the years 1958, 1959 and 1961, and a total number of 481 species representing 336 genera and 112 families were collected.The vegetation at the foot and lower slopes of the hills is of the mixed deciduous type. The undergrowth in these forests is rather sparse. Evergreen forests occur in Kanger Valley, Dharba, Kutumsar and along the upper slopes of Bailadila. The hill-tops, particularly at Dharba and Narayanpur, are rich in grasses and herbs and amidst these terrestrial orchids are also noticed. Since there are a number of tanks, at the foot of these hills and in the plains which are wet and marshy during the rainy season, interesting aquatic and marshy plants are met with.
The Family Compositae in Assam and North East Frontier Agency
Authors: Panigrahi G. , Kar S. K.
Published: May 2024

The paper presents the distribution and relative abundance of 167 taxa belonging to 47 genera of the Compositae in Assam and North East Frontier Agency. The family is best represented in the tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen and again, in subtropical pine and mixed forests; it is much less abundant in temperate altitudes, very rarely extending up to sub-alpine zone in NEFA. Of the species enumerated, the number of species found common to other countries are indicated against each: Burma (45), Malaya (16), Java (25), China (25), Japan (24), Ceylon (21), Philippines (7), Africa (17), Australia (5), Europe (5) and America (5).Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linn., Eupatorium trapezoideum Kunth, Erigeron annuus Pers. and Petasites albus Gaertn. appear to be new records of species for India. On the other hand, these species viz. Ainsliaea angustifolia Hook. f. & Thom., Brachycome assamica Clarke, Cnicus griffithii Hook. f., Inula kalapani Clarke etc. appear to be endemic to Assam and NEFA.
Cytotaxonomic Investigations in the Panicum maximum Jacq. Complex I. Morphological Studies
Authors: Jauhar Prem P. , Joshi A. B.
Published: May 2024

On the basis of morphological characters, twenty indigenous and exotic collections of Panicum maximum Jacq. have been classified into five broad types. Morphology (including detailed floral morphology) of these types is described with illustrations. A considerable range of variation of taxonomic significance was met with in them in respect of several characters, both vegetative and floral. Some new characters of diagnostic value, which do not seem to have been reported upon for this species earlier, are described and a handy key to their identification given.The seed progenies of these morphologically-distinct types were matromorphic and hence exhibited remarkable uniformity within themselves, indicating that the species is highly apomictic.Some of these types exhibited characters which are considered to be relatively primitive; these characters are described and them phylogenetic significance indicated. Some evolutionary trends in this complex, heterogeneous taxon are discussed.
Contributions to the Botany of Kamrup District (Southern Part), Assam
Authors: Sathyanarayana Rao A. , Rabha L. C.
Published: May 2024

This is an account of the vegetation and an enumeration of the vascular plants of the southern part of Kamrup district, Assam, the area lying between the Khasi Hills and the Brahmaputra river, based upon a three weeks collection and study in June and October.
Notes on Orchids of Bhutan-I Epigeneium Gagnep. and Katherinea Hawkes
Authors: Balakrishnan N. P. , Chowdhury S.
Published: May 2024

Nomenclature and delimitation of the genera Epigeneium Gagnep. and Katherinea Hawkes are discussed. Epigeneium fargesii (Finet) Gagnep., so far known only from China, is reported for the first time from Bhutan with description and illustrations. A new species, Katherinea navicularis and two other known species of Katherinea are described and illustrated.
Studies in Cyperaceae: II. Cyperus melanospermus ssp. Bifolius (Miq.) Kern-A New Record for South India
Authors: Govindarajalu E.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Chemical Examination of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn.
Authors: Das A. K.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Scirpus kernii Raymond-A New Record for India
Authors: Donde Vinodini P.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Globba schomburgkii Hook. F. - A New Record for India
Authors: Banerjee R. N.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract.
Morphological Studies in some Species of Panicum L.
Authors: Jauhar Prem P.
Published: May 2024

Morphology of four species of Panicum, viz., P. antidotale, P. cymbiforme, P. decompositum and P. repens, is described. Some new morphological features of diagnostic value, which have not been reported earlier for these species, are described and illustrated. An assemblage of characters supposed to be primitive on the evolutionary scale are also described and their phylogenetic significance discussed.
A Botanical Tour to the Marble Rocks, Jabalpur (M. P.)
Authors: Balapure K. M.
Published: May 2024

This paper gives an account of the vegetation and the plants occurring near about the Marble Rocks, Jabalpur (M.P.). It includes about 275 species of flowering plants which were gathered during the two collection tours. The habitat has also been mentioned.