bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptação dos acadêmicos de Medicina em currículo PBL e tradicional ao ensino remoto na pandemia
Authors: Coelho Izabel Cristina Meister Martins , Silva Mariana Xavier e , Brandão Adriana Buechner de Freitas , Veiga Ana Carolina Bernard , Tsutida Carolina Arissa , Mattei Maria Paula Miranda
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Introdução: Em 2020, o mundo foi afetado pelo novo coronavírus, e isso gerou mudanças históricas em diversos setores, incluindo o da educação, que teve que se adaptar rapidamente ao formato online. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar se houve uma melhor adaptação ao ensino remoto durante a pandemia de Covid-19 dos acadêmicos de Medicina que estudam em currículos PBL quando comparada a de alunos com currículos em modelo disciplinar expositivo. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Foram incluídos na pesquisa os estudantes matriculados do segundo ao quarto ano do curso de Medicina que tenham preenchido o questionário completamente e cursado pelo menos um semestre de ensino remoto durante o ano de 2020. Resultado: Houve uma diferença significativa entre as metodologias, com maior adaptação dos estudantes que utilizaram o modelo PBL em comparação aos que cursaram no modelo disciplinar expositivo durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Conclusão: Na amostra estudada, o método PBL mostrou-se superior ao método disciplinar, nos quesitos avaliados, na adaptação de estudantes de Medicina ao ensino remoto.
Analyzing the Stance of Facebook Posts on Abortion Considering State-Level Health and Social Compositions
Authors: Aleksandric Ana , Anderson Henry Isaac , Dangal Anisha , Wilson Gabriela Mustata , Nilizadeh Shirin
Published: May 2024

Abortion remains one of the most controversial topics, especially after overturning Roe v. Wade ruling in the United States. Previous literature showed that the illegality of abortion could have serious consequences, as women might seek unsafe pregnancy terminations leading to increased maternal mortality rates and negative effects on their reproductive
health. Therefore, the stances of the abortion-related Facebook posts were analyzed at the state level in the United States from May 4 until June 30, 2022, right after the Supreme Court’s decision was disclosed. In more detail, a pre-trained Transformer architecture-based model was fine-tuned on a manually labeled training set to obtain a stance detection model suitable for the collected dataset. Afterward, we employed appropriate statistical tests to examine the relationships between public opinion regarding abortion, abortion legality, political leaning, and factors measuring the overall population’s health, health knowledge, and vulnerability per state. We found that infant mortality rate, political affiliation, abortion rates, and abortion legality are associated with stances toward abortion at the state level in the US. While aligned with existing literature, these findings indicate how public opinion, laws, and women’s and infants’ health are related, as well as how these relationships can be demonstrated by using social media data.
Community Needs and Assets: A Computational Analysis of Community Conversations
Authors: Chowdhury Md Towhidul Absar , Sharma Naveen , KhudaBukhsh Ashiqur R.
Published: May 2024

A community needs assessment is a tool used by non-profits and government agencies to quantify the strengths and issues of a community, allowing them to allocate their resources better. Such approaches are transitioning towards leveraging social media conversations to analyze the needs of communities and the assets already present within them. However, manual analysis of exponentially increasing social media conversations is challenging. There is a gap in the present literature in computationally analyzing how community members discuss the strengths and needs of the community. To address this gap, we introduce the task of identifying, extracting, and categorizing community needs and assets from conversational data using sophisticated natural language processing methods. To facilitate this task, we introduce the first dataset about community needs and assets consisting of 3,511 conversations from Reddit, annotated using crowdsourced workers. Using this dataset, we evaluate an utterance-level classification model compared to sentiment classification and a popular large language model (in a zero-shot setting), where we find that our model outperforms both baselines at an F1 score of 94% compared to 49% and 61% respectively. Furthermore, we observe through our study that conversations about needs have negative sentiments and emotions, while conversations about assets focus on location and entities.
Fair or Fare? Understanding Automated Transcription Error Bias in Social Media and Videoconferencing Platforms
Authors: Dubois Daniel J , Holliday Nicole , Waddell Kaveh , Choffnes David
Published: May 2024

As remote work and learning increases in popularity, individuals, especially those with hearing impairments or who speak English as a second language, may depend on automated transcriptions to participate in business, school, entertainment, or basic communication. In this work, we investigate the automated transcription accuracy of seven popular social media and videoconferencing platforms with respect to some personal characteristics of their users, including gender, age, race, first language, speech rate, F0 frequency, and speech readability. We performed this investigation on a new corpus of 194 hours of English monologues by 846 TED talk speakers. Our results show the presence of significant bias, with transcripts less accurate for speakers that are male or non-native English speakers. We also observe differences in accuracy among platforms for different types of speakers. These results indicate that, while platforms have improved their automatic captioning, much work remains to make captions accessible for a wider variety of speakers and listeners.
ChatGPT Giving Relationship Advice – How Reliable Is It?
Authors: Hou Haonan , Leach Kevin , Huang Yu
Published: May 2024

In the evolving realm of natural language processing (NLP), generative AI models like ChatGPT are increasingly utilized across various applications. Among the possible purposes, many people are considering asking ChatGPT for relationship advice. However, the lack of in-depth examination of ChatGPT's response quality could be concerning when it is used for personal topics like mental health issues and intimate relationship problems. In these topics, a piece of misleading advice could cause harmful repercussions. In response to people's growing interest in using ChatGPT as a relationship advisor, our research evaluates ChatGPT's proficiency in discerning relationship advice. Specifically, we investigate its alignment with human judgements. We conducted our analysis with 13,138 Reddit posts about intimate relationship problems to examine the overall alignment. Furthermore, we investigate ChatGPT's consistency in judging intimate relationship advice by re-prompting identical queries. Our results indicate a significant disparity between ChatGPT and human judgments, with the model displaying inconsistency in its own decisions. Our findings emphasize the need for comprehensive insights into ChatGPT's mechanisms for intimacy problems and future improvements in its proficiency in helping people's relationship struggles.
Understanding the Features of Text-Image Posts and Their Received Social Support in Online Grief Support Communities
Authors: Li Shuailin , Wu Shiwei , Liu Tianjian , Zhang Han , Guo Qingyu , Peng Zhenhui
Published: May 2024

People in grief can create posts with text and images to disclose themselves and seek social support in online grief support communities. Existing work largely focuses on understanding the received social support of a post in pure text but often overlooks the post that attaches an image in grief communities. In this paper, we first computationally characterize the textual (e.g., theme), visual (e.g., color), and text-image coherence (i.e., semantic and sentiment coherence) features of text-image posts in a grief support community. Then, we conduct regression analyses to systematically examine the effects of these features on their received informational, emotional, esteem, and network support. We find that attaching a selfie image in the post positively predicts received informational and emotional support, while the social image of a post is a positive predictor of network and esteem support. A post is also likely to get more social support if its text is describing the visible content or telling a story depicted in the image or the perceived emotions in the text and image are not conflict. These results supplement existing research on mental health communities and provide actionable insights into assisting grief people to seek social support online.
News Media and Violence against Women: Understanding Framings of Stigma
Authors: Mittal Shravika , Foriest Jasmine C. , Horne Benjamin D. , De Choudhury Munmun
Published: May 2024

Discussions of Violence Against Women (VAW) in publicly accessible forums like online news media can influence the perceptions of people and organizations. Language reinforcing stigma around VAW can result in negative consequences such as unethical representation of survivors and trivialization of the act of violence. In this work, we study the presence of stigmatized framings in news media and how it differs based on media attributes like regionality, political leaning, veracity, and latent communities of news sources. We also investigate the interactions between VAW-based stigma and 14 issue-generic policies used to describe political communications. We found that articles from national, right-leaning, and conspiratorial news sources contain more stigma compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, alignment of articles to the issue-generic policies offers the highest explanation for the presence of stigma in news articles. We discuss implications for institutions to improve safe reporting guidelines on VAW.
A Deep Dive into the Disparity of Word Error Rates across Thousands of NPTEL MOOC Videos
Authors: Rai Anand Kumar , Jaiswal Siddharth D , Mukherjee Animesh
Published: May 2024

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are designed to transcribe spoken language into written text and find utility in a variety of applications including voice assistants and transcription services. However, it has been observed that state-of-the-art ASR systems which deliver impressive benchmark results, struggle with speakers of certain regions or demographics due to variation in their speech properties. In this work, we describe the curation of a massive speech dataset of 8740 hours consisting of ~9.8K technical lectures in the English language along with their transcripts delivered by instructors representing various parts of Indian demography. The dataset is sourced from the very popular NPTEL MOOC platform. We use the curated dataset to measure the existing disparity in YouTube Automatic Captions and OpenAI Whisper model performance across the diverse demographic traits of speakers in India. While there exists disparity due to gender, native region, age and speech rate of speakers, disparity based on caste is non-existent. We also observe statistically significant disparity across the disciplines of the lectures. These results indicate the need of more inclusive and robust ASR systems and more representational datasets for disparity evaluation in them.
Forecasting Political News Engagement on Social Media
Authors: Shivaram Karthik , Bilgic Mustafa , Shapiro Matthew , Culotta Aron
Published: May 2024

Understanding how political news consumption changes over time can provide insights into issues such as hyperpartisanship, filter bubbles, and misinformation. To investigate long-term trends of news consumption, we curate a collection of over 60M tweets from politically engaged users over seven years, annotating ~10% with mentions of news outlets and their political leaning. We then train a neural network to forecast the political lean of news articles Twitter users will engage with, considering both past news engagements as well as tweet content. Using the learned representation of this model, we cluster users to discover salient patterns of long-term news engagement. Our findings include the following: (1) hyperpartisan users are more engaged with news; (2) right-leaning users engage with contra-partisan sources more than left-leaning users; (3) topics such as immigration, COVID-19, Islamaphobia, and gun control are salient indicators of engagement with low quality news sources.
From Posts to Pavement, or Vice Versa? The Dynamic Interplay between Online Activism and Offline Confrontations
Authors: Yan Muheng , Chiang Amy Yunyu , Lin Yu-Ru
Published: May 2024

This study examines how the relationship between social media discourse and offline confrontations in social movements, focusing on the "Black Lives Matter" (BLM) protests following George Floyd's death in 2020. While social media's role in facilitating social movements is well-documented, its relationship with offline confrontations remains understudied. To bridge this gap, we curated a dataset comprising 108,443 Facebook posts and 1,406 offline BLM protest events. Our analysis categorized online media framing into "consonance" (alignment) and "dissonance" (misalignment) with the perspectives of different involved parties. Our findings indicate a reciprocal relationship between online activism support and offline confrontational occurrences. Online support for the BLM, in particular, was associated with less property damage and fewer confrontational protests in the days that followed. Conversely, offline confrontations amplified online support for the protesters. By illuminating this dynamic, we highlight the multifaceted influence of social media on social movements. Not only does it serve as a platform for information dissemination and mobilization but also plays a pivotal role in shaping public discourse about offline confrontations.
TeC: A Novel Method for Text Clustering with Large Language Models Guidance and Weakly-Supervised Contrastive Learning
Authors: Yang Chen , Cao Bin , Fan Jing
Published: May 2024

Text clustering has become an important branch in unsupervised learning methods and has been widely used in social media. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a significant advancement in the field of AI. Therefore, some works have been dedicated to improving the clustering performance of embedding models with feedback from LLMs. However, current approaches hardly take into consideration the cluster label information between text instances when fine-tuning embedding models, leading to the problem of cluster collision. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes TeC, a novel method operating through teaching and correcting phases. In these phases, LLMs take on the role of teachers, guiding embedding models as students to enhance their clustering performance. The teaching phase imparts guidance on cluster label information to embedding models by querying LLMs in a batch-wise manner and utilizes a proposed weakly-supervised contrastive learning loss to fine-tune embedding models based on the provided cluster label information. Subsequently, the correcting phase refines clustering outcomes obtained by the teaching phase by instructing LLMs to correct cluster assignments of low-confidence samples. The extensive experimental evaluation of six text datasets across three different clustering tasks shows the superior performance of our proposed method over existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Optimization of Na2SO4•10H2O composites for cold storage by D-optimal mixture design
Authors: Duan Rui , Wang Jinning , Zhang Ao
Published: May 2024

This study delved into the creation of a composite phase-change material (PCM), named SBNSC, for potential application in cold storage air-conditioning systems (8–16°C). The composite PCM was formulated using sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4·10H2O) as the primary PCM, borax as a nucleating agent, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as a temperature control additive, sodium hexametaphosphate as a crystal modifier and carboxymethylcellulose as a thickening agent. The D-optimal mixture design was employed to optimize the composition, and this resulted in the identification of an optimal formulation characterized by the most desirable properties. The thermal properties were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry and revealed a phase-change temperature of 15.40°C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the composite PCM. After 100 cooling and heating cycles, the crystallization temperature was 9.50°C, the melting temperature was 15.50°C and the supercooling degree was 0.70°C. The enthalpy values showed an 11.22% decrease, indicating reliable thermal performance. The study concluded that the optimal formulation (SBNSC) exhibits commendable thermophysical properties, demonstrating its potential for effective application in phase-change cold storage air-conditioning systems.
Geotextile-encased cinder gravel columns: a coupled DEM–FDM analysis
Authors: Liu K. , Qiu R. , Zhou P. , Wang T. , Connolly D. P. , Xiao J.
Published: May 2024

Cinder gravel, a porous, lightweight, and durable volcanic byproduct, has the potential to be a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional stone columns for ground improvement applications. Its use in soft soils, however, requires sufficient confining pressure to prevent bulging and thus performance degradation. Geotextile-encased cinder gravel (GECG) columns are an innovate method to overcome this, but studies on bearing response and pressure–deformation characteristics are limited. A comprehensive numerical analysis of GECG columns was conducted using a combination of the discrete-element method (DEM) and finite-difference method (FDM). The hybrid DEM–FDM framework enabled simulation of individual particle behavior while maintaining efficiency in modeling continuous, homogeneous materials. The key novelties were examining the macro and mesoscopic behavior of GECG columns under triaxial compression. The developed numerical model was validated and calibrated against triaxial test results. A parametric analysis of GECG columns investigated the influence of relative density and gradation on the compression behavior and load capacity. Upon triaxial compression, the results showed significant radial expansion near the column top, with stress and deformation fields aligning with the column's bearing capacity. The relative density had limited influence on the geotextile's radial deformation, while a higher content of coarse particles in the gradation enhanced the bearing capacity of the GECG columns.
La violencia en las cárceles del Ecuador: una perspectiva desde la salud mental con enfoque multidisciplinario
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (Ecuador), Saquicela Francisco
Published: May 2024

Para abordar el tema de la violencia en las cárceles del Ecuador, es necesario establecer inicialmente una cronología que incluya los actos violentos, los perpetradores y los diferentes escenarios o contextos donde se manifiesta dicha violencia. Este capítulo del libro tiene como objetivo analizar la cronología de la violencia en las cárceles del Ecuador. La violencia en las cárceles del Ecuador es un problema multifaético que requiere un análisis integral desde diversas disciplinas, con especial atención a la salud mental de los reclusos. El enfoque multidisciplinario no solo permite comprender las raíces del problema, sino también diseñar estrategias más efectivas para abordar la violencia y mejorar las condiciones dentro de las instituciones penitenciarias.
Genética y epigenética de la violencia en la sociedad: un análisis complejo
Authors:   Universidad UTE, Quito, Paz-y-Miño César
Published: May 2024

La violencia es un fenómeno individual y social complejo que tiene efectos devastadores. A lo largo de la historia se han propuesto diversas teorías para explicar su origen y aparición. En las últimas décadas, la genética y la epigenética han surgido como áreas de investigación prometedoras para comprender mejor la predisposición a la violencia y sus manifestaciones en los individuos. Se revisa la interacción de la genética y la epigenética en el contexto de la violencia en la sociedad, así como se sigue la pista de genes específicos asociados con el comportamiento violento.
Redes sociales, violencia política, enajenación social y su normalización en el Ecuador
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (Ecuador), Sacoto Cabrera Erwin J.
Published: May 2024

En esta propuesta se presenta un análisis de la violencia política, enajenación social y su normalización en el Ecuador a través de las redes sociales. El análisis se realizó en tres fases, utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo para recopilar y analizar los datos. La primera fase consistió en obtener información a partir de encuestas sobre el uso de redes sociales; la segunda fase consistió en el envío de encuestas a través de las redes sociales para recopilar información sobre la experiencia en rede sociales relacionadas al estudio realizado en este artículo. Finalmente, la tercera fase permitió analizar las palabras más utilizadas en las redes sociales, relacionadas con violencia política, enajenación social. Como resultados importantes se destaca que la red social más utilizada en el Ecuador es Facebook, las personas encuestadas han experimentado han observado violencia política y enajenación social en las redes sociales, finalmente en el estudio se obtuvieron las palabras más utilizadas en las redes sociales Facebook y X.
Cuando la violencia social se vuelve violencia de género
Authors:   Universidad de Flores, Maris Anaya Stella
Published: May 2024

Voy a comenzar la introducción de este capítulo definiendo lo que es violencia social, la cual se refiere a cualquier acto de violencia hecho por personas desde adentro y hacia dentro de una comunidad, que puede incluir violencia física, económica, psicológica, etc. Es importante mencionar que la violencia de género es parte de la violencia social; y ocurre cuando alguien utiliza el poder o la fuerza para hacer daño o conseguir algo de otra persona a través de la violencia o de la intimidación, muchas veces en el ámbito de las relaciones interpersonales, aunque muchas otras no. La desigualdad social de los sexos es la principal causa de la violencia de género, que se perpetúa desde hace siglos y sigue siendo un problema de relevancia en la actualidad. No hay dudas de que debe ser abordado si deseamos lograr una sociedad más justa e igualitaria.
The effect of cooking practices on charred seeds fragmentation v1
Authors: Élie Juliette , Botton Léonard , Chantasri Sirikanya
Published: May 2024

Since the dawn of mankind, human beings have used a variety of plant-based economies, including culinary practices. Very often found charred in archaeological contexts, the aim of this protocol is to understand the impact, if any, of cooking treatments on certain seeds: einkorn (Triticum monoccocum), lentils (Lens culinaris) and white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Each taxon was divided into three groups: one in which the seeds were soaked, another in which they were boiled, and a control group ; in which all were then carbonised. After studying the data collected, it turns out that the appearance of the seeds changes depending on whether or not the specimens have undergone culinary treatments, particularly if they have been boiled, which creates a lot of distortion, among other things.
Nature protection territories as components of nature and recreation potential of Kharkiv region
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Cherchenko O.A. , Demianenko S.O. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The article explores the topic of the natural-recreational potential of Kharkiv Oblast. In this region, there are natural complexes and objects with significant potential for tourism and recreation. The nature reserve fund of the region includes 246 protected areas and objects, including national natural parks, regional landscape parks, reserves, and natural landmarks. All of these serve as an excellent foundation for the development of the tourism industry in this region. Unfortunately, due to military actions in the territory of Kharkiv Oblast, tourism cannot be fully developed.
Research of the possibilities of creating and supporting inclusive tourist services
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zakharov D. , Kupach T. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the topic of development of inclusive tourism and the possibility of introducing inclusive tourist services. The importance of ensuring the availability of tourist services for all categories of the population is analyzed. The main challenges faced by the industry during the implementation of inclusive solutions are identified, and the prospects for the further development of this segment of tourism are outlined. The analysis of scientific literature on inclusive tourism showed that there is currently no generally accepted definition for this type of tourism in Ukraine. However, inclusive tourism is an important aspect of tourism development, especially for people with disabilities. This type of tourism is developing all over the world, and countries are actively adapting their tourism infrastructure to ensure a comfortable vacation for everyone. However, various problems of the development of inclusive tourism in Ukraine indicate the need for increased and comprehensive attention from the state and society. Despite the availability of both theoretical and scientific-practical studies, the issues of tourism development for people with disabilities in Ukraine remain insufficiently studied.
The influence of ICT on the assimilation of geographical knowledge and student activity in geography lessons
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Muzychuk A. , Uliganets S. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The article examines the use of the information environment in the process of studying geography in lessons. Special attention is paid to innovative aspects of information and communication technologies (ICT). The main directions and methods of using ICT in geography lessons are highlighted. It is investigated how the joint activity of the teacher and students in the process of assimilation of educational material contributes to the formation of key and subject (geographical) competencies. The effectiveness of monitoring the quality of education with the help of ICT and the integration of ICT with mini-project technologies in the educational process are analyzed.
La crisis ambiental como crisis cultural. Un aporte desde el pensamiento geoculturalmente situado y decolonial de Rodolfo Kusch
Authors: Esposto Roberto H.
Published: May 2024

Abordar la crisis ambiental desde el pensamiento situado de un marginal como Rodolfo Kusch (1922-1979) es optar por un pensar herético, porque su enfoque de dicho fenómeno es esencialmente cultural. El objetivo del presente estudio es reflexionar sobre esta problemática desde el original lenguaje de este pensador argentino, quien ha elaborado categorías conceptuales propias de las cuales se desprende una postura crítica decolonial. Por consiguiente, con el fin de discutir esta temática utilizaremos las siguientes categorías kuscheanas: geocultura, ser alguien, pensar causal, patio de los objetos, mero estar, economía del desamparo y economía del amparo.
Comparison of blood loss in total knee replacement surgery with and without tranexamic acid: a prospective, time framed and observational analytical study
Authors: Mandal Shaival , Chatterjee B. D. , Kar Abheek , Agarwal Saumya
Published: May 2024

Background: Total knee replacement is one of the common orthopaedic procedures performed worldwide. Blood transfusion is one of the major requirements in TKR procedure due to the amount of blood loss during and after the procedure. We carried out a prospective study to determine the efficacy of tranexamic acid in controlling blood loss during TKR procedure.
Methods: Study was conducted at a tertiary care centre, involving cases operated by a single surgeon. Study included 140 patients undergoing primary TKR for advance degenerative disease of knee and were divided into two groups of 70 each, one group that received tranexamic acid before surgery and another group that did not receive tranexamic acid before surgery. Patient with allergy to the drug, hepato/renal dysfunction, DVT, abnormal PT and INR were not included. Tranexamic acid was given intravenously as well as intra-articular.
Results: Pre-operative haemoglobin ranged from 10.2 gm% to 14.4 gm% in the group getting tranexamic acid and from 10% to 14 % in the group not getting tranexamic acid. Post operatively haemoglobin varied from 8.4 gm% to 12.8 gm% in Group 1 and from 7.8 gm% to 12 gm% in Group 2. Difference of mean post-operative Hb (p=0.0045) and PCV (p=0.0024) in two groups was statistically significant.
Conclusions: We concluded that administration of tranexamic acid reduces the blood loss as well as need of blood transfusion in a patient undergoing total knee replacement.
Scleroderma and dental implications: a case series
Authors: Kumari M. Veera , M. N. Sumalatha , Kartheek G. , Kalyani Suma
Published: May 2024

Systemic sclerosis (SSC) is a rare, systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, which is characterized by fibrosis of visceral organs, skin and blood vessels. This disorder can be localized or systemic. It is more common in women with estimated prevalence is 250 cases in a million. Oral manifestations include xerostomia, periodontitis, decayed tooth etc. Radiographically generalized loss of bone with resorption of the mandibular angle and coronoid process can be evident in patients with scleroderma. Pressure of fibrous mucocutaneous tissues is thought to be the cause of the resorption. Decreased number of wrinkles due to sclerosis and distinct facial features because of the atrophy of ala nasi are among common clinical characteristics of this condition. The aim of this case series is to present two female patients with scleroderma who presented with signs of oral manifestations along with resorption at the angle of mandible, as well as widening of the periodontal space.
Investigation of nonlinear properties of the Kompfner effect in the mode of high level signal reduction in the presence of powerful opposite wave
Authors:   Saratov State University, Yavchunovsky Viktor
Published: May 2024

The possibility of the powerful wide—band decoupler creation is shown, which provides stable operation of wide—band amplifying schemes. Reflected to the preamplifier microwave signal passes the decoupler in the same direction with the electron beam and interacts with it, when the electron rate is lower than the rate of signal propagation in the slow—wave structure and when the preamplifier output signal moves in opposite to electron beam direction with minimum attenuation, corresponding to own loss of electromagnetic system of the decoupler. Band characteristics of the Kompfner effect are investigated, negative influence to interactions in decoupler is studied of powerful wave which entered the decoupler and moved in opposite to clectron beam direction. Specific ways to this effect reduction are proposed.
Dynamics of nonlinear digital recursive second-order circuits under constant external influence
Authors:   P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Brjuhanov Jurij
Published: May 2024

Oscillations in recursive second—order circuits with two kinds of adder nonlinearities (saturation and overflow) are investigated. Boundaries of linear regime have been obtained. It is shown that external influence is not destorted in the circuit with saturation nonlinearity. Relation between period of parasitic oscillations, circuit parameters and magnitude of external influence is determined.
A features of the complex dynamics of the nonlinear oscillators with Thom’s catastrophes
Authors:   Saratov Branch of Kotel`nikov Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuznetsov Aleksandr , Potapova Anna ,   Saratov State University
Published: May 2024

A survey of the regular and chaotic phenomena in the periodically forced nonlinear oscillators is represented. To classify the nonlinear oscillators the scheme of the catastrophe theory is used. Developed classification allows to describe the dynamics of ° many physical systems, which differ each from others in both the quantity of the potential wells and the possibility to escape from them, by using the only oscillator equation with some appropriate Thom's catastrophe as the potential function. The escape region and the region of the non-escaping solutions are estimated on the plane of the nonlinear parameter and forcing amplitudes for the oscillator with fold catastrophe. The boundary between these regions is illustrated by the basin erosion sequence. The dynamical regimes topographies which contain а crossroad area and а spring area are shown for the oscillators with high degree polynomial potential function. General features of topographies evolution for the oscillators with cusp catastrophe and with butterfly catastrophe are described. The bifurcations and crises, which occur in the considered systems, also depend on the degree of the potential function.
The model of integration of higher education of Ukraine into the European Educational Area
Authors: Melnyk Oksana , Dashkovska Olena , Pogrebnyak Vitalii
Published: May 2024

The integration of Ukrainian higher education into the European educational area is a key condition for its reform and development. It provides for the activation of cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union in the field of higher education, harmonization of higher education systems, deepening of cooperation between higher education institutions of different countries, increasing the quality and importance of higher education in social processes, expanding the autonomy of universities and participation in academic mobility programs. The model of the European integration of higher education in Ukraine was developed. It can be used by other countries, taking into account the national features of their educational systems. The completeness of the adopted decisions and implemented measures regarding the modernization of the structure of higher education and the National Framework of Qualifications, the introduction of modern standards and educational programs, the principles and mechanisms of their development and implementation, compliance with European norms of organisation of educational process were studied and evaluated. The process of development the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance as the key element of the quality system was analyzed. It has been established that all measures are carried out according to European practices and are consistent with the goals set by the Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in Ukraine in 2022-2032. These are significant steps towards improving the quality of Ukrainian higher education. It was determined that certain components of European integration are still in the process of implementation. It was emphasized that significant efforts will be required to rebuild Ukraine as a whole, to restore and develop higher education, in particular, in the postwar period in connection with the losses incurred because of the aggression of the Russian Federation.
Received: 14 February 2023Accepted: 20 April 2024
Introduction
Authors: Gobbi Mary
Published: May 2024

This Edition of the Journal comprises nine papers, of which six are concerned with strategic issues and /or the role and education of the academic teaching staff. The papers continue to reflect a varied range of participant countries both in terms of the authors, but perhaps more importantly the study sites (Europe, Czech Republic, Ghana, Kosovo, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Turkey, Ukraine, and Vietnam). Universities from both the state and private sector are represented, either through individual case studies or via large multi-site studies in subject areas, departments, or institutions. What we see in this edition is the extent to which transitions towards competence-based education, pace of technology adoption, staff preparedness, and student experience and perceptions impact upon students and teachers. This edition also provides some rich accounts of small-scale qualitative studies, included for their detailed outline of their respective methodologies. So, while the findings may not be generalisable with small samples, the methods used can be replicated to enable other institutions or similar contexts to engage in local based studies. We also need to recognise that not all degree programmes have large student populations, so finding strategies to evaluate and generate ideas for improvement is critical. Some papers have offered detailed reviews of the current evidence in the field related to the topic of interest. In contrast, larger studies demonstrate what can be achieved when transnational studies are examined for the underlying processes that can cross boundaries and provide exemplar models of good practice.
Real and Formal Extremism: Some Problems of the Law Enforcement Practice
Authors:   Attorney of the Chamber of Lawyers of the Irkutsk Region Associate Professor of the Department of Criminalistics, Forensic Examinations and Legal Psychology of the Institute of Justice of the Baikal State University, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Kryazhev Vladimir S.
Published: May 2024

The article deals with the actual problems of preliminary investigation and judicial investigation in criminal cases of extremist orientation. The author notes some shortcomings in law enforcement related to the violation of reasonable terms of criminal proceedings, as well as partly with a formal approach to the formation and evaluation of evidence in criminal cases of extremism, which further negatively affects the implementation of the principles of justice and reasonableness in sentencing. The problems under study do not always have subjective reasons and may be related to gaps in domestic legislation.
Principles of the Advocacy in Its Reorganization in the Conditions of the Digital Transformation
Authors:   Vice-President of the Federal Chamber of Lawyers of the Russian Federation, Avakyan Elena G.
Published: May 2024

The article presents the author’s understanding of the digital transformation of the advocacy where the transformation of the advocacy means a reorganization of the legal regulation of its activities upon deployment and circulation of new digital solutions (products). The author describes principles of the advocacy considering the impact of the digital transformation and suggests supplementing Article 3 of the Federal Law On Legal Practice and Advocacy in the Russian Federation with the concept of principles of the advocacy.
Protection of Attorney’s Rights Revisited: Beat to...
Authors:   Head of the Department of Criminal Law of the Law Faculty of the Orenburg State University, LL.D., Associate Professor, Volosova Nonna Yu.
Published: May 2024

The article raises the issue of protecting lawyers from various forms of violence, which has recently become a very common phenomenon against them. The mechanism of such protection is proposed, which, according to the author, should consist of the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the provisions of other legislation that ensure the protection of lawyers.
Search of an Attorney in Cases That Permit No Delay
Authors:   Attorney Chairman of the Khmyrov, Valyavsky and Partners Bar Association of the Krasnodar Territory, Chairman of the Commission for Protection of Professional Rights of Attorneys of the Chamber of Lawyers of the Krasnodar Territory, Vice-President of the Chamber of Lawyers of the Krasnodar Territory, Member of the Council for Protection of Rights of Attorneys of the Russian Federal Bar Association, Khmyrov Rostislav V.
Published: May 2024

One of the conditions for conducting a search in relation to a lawyer is the presence of a judge's order authorizing its production. Practice has shown that searches at lawyers are also carried out in cases of intolerant harassment, without obtaining a judge's order authorizing its production. The author has undertaken a study of the legal regulation of the search in relation to the lawyer and judicial practice, which develops according to the results of the appeal of court decisions, by which searches conducted in the premises of lawyers without the decision of the judge authorizing its production are recognized as lawful. Based on the results of the study, conclusions, proposals and recommendations were formulated for improving the criminal procedure law in terms of vesting the representative of the bar association with additional powers.
Advanced Techniques of Identifi cation of an Unknown Criminal: Criminalistic Profi ling
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Criminalistics of the Saratov State Law Academy, Yashin Aleksandr A.
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the concept of criminalistic profiling, analyzes foreign and domestic experience in the use of psychological profiling, provides examples of the effectiveness of using this method; reveals the methodology for compiling a psychological portrait of an alleged criminal, studies the possibility of training law enforcement officers on the use of criminalistic profiling techniques.
Expérience de prise en charge de Xeroderma Pigmentosum au service de Dermatologie-vénérologie à Cotonou
Authors: Guérendo Peggy Mboli-Goumba , Diané Boh Fanta , Mekoun Nadège Agbessi , Koudoukpo Christiane , Akpadja Fabrice , Dégboé Bérénice
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Le Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) est une maladie génétique, entraînant une sensibilité accrue au rayonnement ultraviolet avec pour conséquences des lésions cutanées spécifiques sur les zones photoexposées. Observation clinique: Il s’agissait d’un garçon de 3 ans, sans antécédent familial particulier, reçu pour des troubles pigmentaires du visage, évoluant depuis un an, avec un début en période néonatale marqué par l’apparition de lésions bulleuses cutanées sur les zones photoexposées. Aucun facteur déclenchant n’était identifié. L’évolution de la maladie était marquée par l’apparition de macules bigarrées. Les signes accompagnateurs étaient une photophobie et un larmoiement. Les lésions cutanées évoluaient par périodes de poussées et rémissions dans un contexte de retard psychomoteur. Le XP était évoqué sur la base d’arguments cliniques. Aucun examen paraclinique spécifique n’était réalisé. Une protection solaire et un émollient étaient prescrits. La surveillance était ophtalmologique et neurologique.  Conclusion : Le XP était évoqué uniquement sur la base d’arguments cliniques. Un bilan paraclinique aurait permis la confirmation du diagnostic. Devant les risques de complications, une prise en charge multidisciplinaire est nécessaire.
 
Introduction : Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disorder, that leads to increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation with consequences such as specific skin lesions on areas of photoexposure. Case report : It was about a 3-year-old boy, with no particular family history, received for skin discolorations of the face, evolving since one year, with a beginning during a neonatal period marked with the occurrence of bullous skin lesions on photoexposed areas. No triggering factor was identified. The course of the disease was marked by the appearance of discolored macules. Accompanying signs were photophobia and tearing. The skin lesions were evolving through outbreaks and remission periods in the context of psychomotor retardation. XP was discussed based on clinical arguments. No specific paraclinic assessment was performed. Sun protection and a skin emollient were prescribed. Monitoring was ophthalmologic and neurological. Conclusion : XP was discussed based solely on clinical findings. Paraclinic assessment would have allowed the confirmation of the diagnosis. With the risks of complications, multidisciplinary management is necessary.
Protest Event Analysis: Grievances, Triggers, and Strategies in Authoritarian and Hybrid Regimes
Authors:   Institute of Development Studies, Nampoothiri Niranjan Jathavedan
Published: May 2024

Protests are a feature of both democratic and non-democratic regimes. However, protests in non-democratic regimes have received insufficient academic attention. The nature of protest grievances, strategies, and tactics have been little studied in authoritarian and hybrid regimes. Additionally, triggers of protests are themselves an under-theorised concept. This paper uses protest event data to understand the grievances around which protests take place, which factors trigger protests in authoritarian and hybrid regimes, and the key strategies and tactics collective action actors use when protesting.
Future of autologous breast reconstruction: a review of novel technological innovations
Authors: Allam Omar , Foster Caitlin , Knoedler Leonard , Knoedler Samuel , Oh Seungju Jackie , Pomahac Bohdan , Ayyala Haripriya S.
Published: May 2024

The evolution of autologous breast reconstruction is marked by significant technological advancements aimed at enhancing surgical outcomes. This review explores the current limitations and inherent challenges in standard practices of autologous breast reconstruction and highlights the potential benefits of the latest technological innovations. It addresses key aspects that stand to gain from improvements in surgical training and perioperative patient care, with a particular focus on preoperative planning, intraoperative techniques, and postoperative monitoring. The transformative potential of these technologies is poised to significantly improve patient outcomes, optimize surgical efficiency, and advance surgical education.
Recent advances of cobalt-free and nickel-rich cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wen Lang , Cheng Fang , Wang Xiaoqu , Zeng Xinyu , Wang Ting , Li Litao , Hu Yuqin , Yu Qiang , Lu Wen
Published: May 2024

In order to satisfy the rapidly increasing demands for a large variety of applications, there has been a strong desire for low-cost and high-energy lithium-ion batteries and thus for next-generation cathode materials having low cost yet high capacity. In this regard, the research of cobalt (Co)-free and nickel (Ni)-rich (CFNR) layered oxide cathode materials, able to meet the low-cost and high-capacity requirements, has been extensively pursued but remains challenging largely due to the elimination of Co and high content of Ni in these materials. Herein, we systematically review the challenges and recent advances of CFNR cathode materials on these important aspects. Specifically, we first clarify the role of Co in Ni-rich layered oxides and the possibility of its elimination to fabricate CFNR cathode materials. We then discuss the methods developed to synthesize these cathode materials. This is followed by the elucidation about their degradation mechanisms and the research progress of modification strategies achieved in enhancing the properties for these materials. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects of CFNR cathode materials as the next-generation cathode materials for low-cost and high-energy lithium-ion batteries.
Quantum Theory of Lee-Naughton-Lebed's Angular Effect in Strong Electric Fields
Authors: Lebed Andrei
Published: May 2024

Some time ago, Kobayashi et al. experimentally studied the so-called Lee-Naughton-Lebed's (LNL) angular effect in strong electric fields [K. Kobayashi, M. Saito, E. Omichi, and T. Osada, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{96}, 126601 (2006)]. They found that strong electric fields split the LNL conductivity maxima in $\alpha$-(ET)$_2$-based organic conductor and hypothetically introduced the corresponding equation for conductivity. In this Letter, for the first time we suggest quantum mechanical theory of the LNL angular oscillations in moderately strong electric fields. In particular, we demonstrate that the obtained by us approximate theoretical formula coincides with the hypothetical one and well describes the above mentioned experiments.