bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socrates: Aretē and Democracy
Authors: Szawiel Tadeusz
Published: October 2020

The problems analyzed in this text fall into the broadest understanding of political theology. Its subject is Socrates’ attitude toward democracy, and to be more precise, Socrates’ relations with the Athenian democracy of the 5th century. A standard viewpoint perceives Socrates as an unyielding critic of democracy, who attacks, derides and despises it. While reading Plato’s dialogues one may come to the conclusion that democracy was not Socrates’ political ideal. But was Socrates rightly perceived by his contemporaries as a misodemos and crypto-oligarch? One may argue – and this is the fundamental thesis of this paper – that Socrates’ relations with the Athenian democracy are more complex, and it is this complexity that is a problem. One may claim that, at least in the early dialogues, “Socrates and democracy” create different tensions than in later Plato’s dialogues. Plato deeply misunderstood the democracy outlined by the figure of Socrates and his practice of life as presented in the earlier dialogues. Nor did he understand the relations implied by the figure of Socrates between democracy, knowledge and aretai. Plato the philosopher left to us a complex project for the polis in his Republic, with guarantees that every generation would have a Socrates. Plato wanted to have a guarantee, to reduce the reality of the polis and politics to an efficient mechanism, that is, to achieve what Socrates thought impossible.
O uniwersalizmie w filozofii prawa oraz w filozofii polityki. Kilka uwag o myśli Danila Zolo
Authors: Fligel Anna
Published: October 2020

The author presents an intellectual profile of an Italian philosopher, Danilo Zolo, one of the most interesting thinkers on the contemporary philosophical scene. In his works, Zolo submits an analysis of the contemporary world. The paramount objective he pursues, however, is an attempt at answering questions from the domain of the philosophy of law and the philosophy of politics, including, primarily, the philosophy of global politics. The issues he subjects to scrutiny include the universal character of human rights, the equality of individuals and societies and the sovereignty of states in the era of globalisation, the issue of a choice of a concept of justice, and a definition of the concept of war and terrorism as seen against the background of global structures and the events of recent decades.
Spór o społeczne znaczenie wartości. Polityczna asymilacja zdobyczy hermeneutyki
Authors: Grzybowski Jacek
Published: October 2020

Question about values asked in a community life context (which is a common experience though), is therefore a kind of a political question. It is especially noticeable in interpretations and relations made by institutions of European Union (European Parliament, European Commission) towards legal and moral regulations of member countries. At present, in the European Union, the principle of legalissation and legislation based on a idea of value syncretism is proposed. Because in the EU, which is a specific national-state conglomeration of infl uences and traditions, different systems and moral judgments possessing equal rights exist and compete, the principle of discourse and agreement based on alignment of common positions is promoted. As a result, there is a political, social and public debate on values. And the axis of this dialogue and dispute is, in Author’s opinion, question of specific social status of values – are they universal (permanent) or relative (contractual, variable). It seems that, in the age of hermeneutics as a language of contemporary culture, axiology is finally transformed into a personal matter, relating only to individual opinions. Postmodern man is becoming an object responsible no more to God or to his own rational nature, but just to himself and others, therefore to the project of democracy as an ideal interpretation. Contemporary understanding of the democratic system demands not the objective truth, but public discourse, in which it is moral, how people really act, not how they should act.
Tolerancja a uniwersalna gościnność − krótki szkic porównawczy
Authors: Wonicki Rafał
Published: October 2020

The author dwells on the concept of hospitality which has been replaced in our era by that of tolerance. The author introduces us to contemporary attitudes to the latter and points to its problematic nature, the counterpoint to which is the former. A description of changes in the understanding of hospitality is provided, ranging from antiquity, via the Englightenment, to modern times, with references to Kant and Derrida. Besides this, he compares the differences and similarities between the concepts of tolerance and hospitality, suggesting that it is the latter which is useful when describing a globalised and cosmopolitical world, as well as positing that the concept of hospitality can be translated into the practices of human life.
Tradycja, racjonalność, praktyka − w kręgu pozytywnej filozofii Alasdaira MacIntyre’a
Authors: Aksiuto Kamil
Published: October 2020

The author presents an analysis of the philosophical views of Alasdair MacIntyre. A distinctive feature of MacIntyre and one made manifest in his works, is his temperament, which is that of a philosophical radical. The attack he undertook on the liberal, individualist modernity which is unable to depart finally from the closed circle of the Enlightenment, belongs with the most radical and global of those articulated in the past few decades. At the same time, it numbers among the most intellectually weighty and ambitious and, in the author’s opinion, is not without some grounds, bearing in mind the disturbing processes which are genuinely underway.
Solidarność jako wartość polityczna
Authors: Nogal Agnieszka
Published: October 2020

Horizontal relationships unite the society and level off the differences from other sources. A solidary political community is based not only on common property but also on private property, and at the same time levels off the economic disproportions so that economic conflicts would not become political, which could in turn cause the emergence of antagonized social groups. In this sense, solidarity can stabilize the political community. A case in point being the Western European democracies, which after the Second World War became welfare states. Solidarity could play this role now, even though there are organizations such as Occupy Wall Street or Indignants Movement, which rebel against the inequalities. The current idea of solidarity may be achieved on different levels. The first is the local level, where the most is known of the citizens’ situation; the state level, where there are institutions which aim at a unified political community according to economy and culture; and finally, the supranational level, to level off the dangers which a growing economic stratification entails.
Kilka uwag o kryzysie i potrzebie filozofii polityki
Authors: Węsierski Michał R.
Published: October 2020

A philosopher of politics should not be a social engineer, even if he were to dabble in piecemeal engineering, in Popper’s sense; he should rather be a social surveyor, responsible for measuring a plot of land for development, for which politicians should in turn be responsible. That measured land is ordered by a system of philosophical notions and critical studies, together with comments on the history of political thought. One of the outcomes of a philosopher’s work should be an ordered thought, i.e. objective knowledge that includes genesis and evolution of philosophical notions, relationships between ideas, and presentation of the cultural background, from which those ideas originated. In this reconstruction work a philosopher of politics needs to move in between the allowed boundaries of the text under analysis. A philosopher does what others cannot do due to the separation of exact sciences from philosophy. Therefore, a philosopher is not beyond scientific inquiries; he can use them as confidently as representatives of those sciences. It can be argued that a philosopher has a unique position in the social life of every group.
Protesty głodowe jako taktyka walki bez przemocy
Authors: Codogni Paulina
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the phenomenon of hunger strikes which are considered to be an example of strategies and tactics of nonviolent struggle. The resistance is based on a conscious refusal to eat food which causes the political matter against which the protest is directed to become an existential matter. Everyday actions, such as eating, take on a different meaning. The same happens with the meaning of the act of political contestation. On the one hand what can be seen is the embodiment of politics and on the other the politicization of the body. The article also showcases a number of historical and contemporary examples of hunger strikes and tries to find the answer whether hunger strikes are an effective method of political resistance.
Fair trade – partnerstwo odnajdywane z trudem
Authors: Popławski Błażej
Published: October 2020

The aim of this article is to describe and evaluate fair trade – a form of development assistance and trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency and respect, that seeks greater equity in international trade. Fair trade contributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to and securing the rights of marginalized producers and workers – especially in the South. Fair trade focuses in particular on commodities or products which are typically exported from developing countries to developed countries such as coffee, cocoa, sugar, tea, bananas, honey, cotton, wine, fresh fruit or flowers. The genesis of fair trade (the United Nations Conference on Aid and Development held in 1968 embraces the “Trade not Aid” concept, bringing fair trade into development policies), its main assumptions (for example: fair trading practices; ensuring no child labour and forced labour; payment of a fair price; respect for the  environment; non-discrimination, gender equity and freedom of association) and controversies related to the implementation of the system are presented.
Porównanie liberalnej i republikańskiej kultury politycznej w państwie demokratycznym
Authors: Wonicki Rafał
Published: October 2020

The main purpose of this article is to compare the liberal and republican understanding of the role of political culture. The reconstruction of the liberal and republican elements of the political sphere demonstrates how these theories present the role of citizenship, government and democracy, thus revealing differences in the concepts of political culture. Firstly, the liberal concept of political culture is described as a practice that allows citizens to fulfil their individual interests. Liberal political culture helps to integrate people in the institutional framework, thus enabling them to realize their individual preferences without the state’s pressure to choose one particular model of a good life. Secondly, the republican model of political culture is analysed. It stresses citizens’ engagement in the public sphere and the role of positive freedom, based on an active search for common good and the cultivation of common practices supporting the state’s paternalistic techniques of integration. This type of culture allows citizens to achieve common moral development. In conclusion, it is argued that in the age of galloping globalization, these two normative models do not fit perfectly well into the Western social and political landscape because today we live in communities which embrace both the liberal and republican elements of political culture. Thus, it is demonstrated that there is some space for compromise between these two approaches, i.e. liberal republican culture.
Piękne okrucieństwo. Przemoc w imaginarium faszystowskim
Authors: Gładziuk Nina
Published: October 2020

This paper discusses the roots of fascist (and Nazi in particular) ideas, which were anchored in the aesthetic heritage of Romanticism, later developed by the Nietzschean vitalism and the modernist avant-garde. From the perspective of twentieth-century intellectual history, special attention should be given to the theme of violence committed in the name of beauty, as well as the relations between the initial romantic idea of art as Sturm und Drang, the concept of the artistic avantgarde attacking the world of bourgeois values and fascist shock troops.
Narracja terroryzmu: ewolucja komunikatu przemocy
Authors: Piasecka Paulina
Published: October 2020

This essay focuses on the evolution of communication process as used by terrorist groups and organizations. It deals with this problem by starting with Russian anarchists and ending with the activists involved in modern groups engaged in the global jihad. The author analyses changes within the content of communication, as well as the means of spreading the message of violence. This essay reviews selected means and methods of public communication used by modern terrorist groups, and analyses the usefulness of these tools in the “war for hearts and minds”. The keynote of this essay is the need to reflect on the popularity of the leitmotiv of violence in modern popular culture.
Imperialny splendor – Hegel a Napoleon Bonaparte
Authors: Kwietniewska Małgorzata
Published: October 2020

This article focuses on strong links between G.W.F. Hegel and Napoleon Bonaparte. This dependency occurs in three areas. Firstly, there is the area of historical events, which constitutes a common background for both of these figures living in a time of incessant war. Secondly, there is the area of ideas; a careful analysis of selected works by Hegel shows that he fully accepted and assimilated the socio-political choices of the French Emperor. Finally, there is the area of direct actions, as it can be observed that Hegel shaped his academic career by deliberately taking inspiration from Napoleon. His dream was to become the Napoleon of philosophy, a goal he appears to have achieved.
Przekształcenia chrześcijańskiego ciała i duszy żydowskiej we wczesnym stadium kapitalizmu. Uwagi do Kupca weneckiego Williama Shakespeare’a
Authors: Nowak Piotr
Published: October 2020

The author analyses “The Merchant of Venice” by William Shakespeare, to highlight the transformation of the Christian body and the Jewish soul during the early stages of capitalism. He reveals that the Venice described by Shakespeare is a world without measure, in which money is the only value. People are objects of financial speculation and all of humanity is treated as a commodity, an exchange value. When Bassanio praises the advantages of Portia, he first mentions her ducats (dowry), and only after that does he allude to her beauty and virtues of mind. The capitalism that is being formed in the eyes of the viewers mocks significant cultural, ethnic and religious differences. It buries them in heaps of money and then blurs them, forcing a new concept of man, whose existence differs little from plants and animals growing freely. In such a world, a game is the only strategy that allows for survival. In Venice, everyone pretends, wears a mask and lives in hypocrisy. This  behaviour is typical of the “carnival” atmosphere. Masks separate people from themselves, covering up their tracks and blurring identities. By wearing them, they can hide behind “someone else”.
Prawo do sprzeciwu sumienia. O prymacie prawa Bożego nad prawem stanowionym
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Piotr
Published: October 2020

This article addresses the issue of the relationship between God’s law and secular law, and presents a thesis for the legitimacy of the right to the objection of conscience “in which the voice of God speaks.” Considerations relate to conscience as the power of knowing good and duties, the universality of this knowledge, its legitimacy and conditions for its reliability. By referring to stoicism and neo-Platonism, but especially to the elements of St. Paul’s theology and the views of Benedict XVI, the author shows how important it is to introduce the category of nature and conscience to a secular, rationalist reflection on law. He presents the position of Christian theologians who spoke out against religious law and his own arguments, as well as the view expressed, among others, by Benedict XVI about the corrective role of religion with respect to human reason, as well as the importance of human reason for religion. The author also highlights the significant lack of reflection on natural law in  modern science and the dramatic consequences thereof, such as the denial of the right to conscientious objection.
Konfucjusz i szkoła nauczycieli ceremonii (Rujia) czyli o chińskiej kulturze politycznej
Authors: Wójcik Anna I.
Published: October 2020

This paper describes Confucian ceremonies and the objectives that were assigned to them in socio-political life and religious practices, as well as the artistic and spiritual journey aimed at self-realization.
Gościnne myślenie świata. Podmiotowość zwierząt w perspektywie kosmopolitycznej
Authors: Mitek-Dziemba Alina
Published: October 2020

The article aims to discuss the question of the political agency and the subjecthood of animals within the framework of cosmopolitan thinking that features the notions of citizenship of the world and cosmopolitan right (as a condition of ‘perpetual peace’ in Immanuel Kant’s philosophy). Cosmopolitanism, as elucidated by Kwame Anthony Appiah, is in its basic meaning a gesture of transcending the particularity of political interests and alliances to approach the whole universe. It involves going beyond the bonds of kinship and citizenship and embracing a global biological community on the basis of moral obligations arising from coexistence and cohabitation with other beings, regardless of how distant and alien they are. This broad, indeed hospitable, definition of cosmopolitanism seems to invite interspecies applications, especially in relation to the far-reaching consequences the needs of one species to dominate the Earth that give rise to a sense of community with a distinct set of moral commitments.
Praca interakcyjna nad tożsamością drugiego, czyli o taktykach wzajemnego „wychowywania się” przez osoby doświadczające bezdomności
Authors: Kostrzyńska Małgorzata
Published: October 2020

This article contains a partial report on ethnographic research conducted among homeless people who live in the streets outside the system of institutional aid or are staying in a hostel they created themselves. The study, carried out according to the principles of an interpretive orientation, created an opportunity to learn the views of the homeless people. It describes manifestations of engagement on behalf of the hostel in which they live and of a special type of work they undertake – interactive work on one another’s identity, which they refer to as mutual “education” – as well as involvement in the form of “doing nothing.”
Polska gościnność w świetle zapisów autobiograficznych
Authors: Rancew-Sikora Dorota
Published: October 2020

The research material included about 300 episodes from 30 published sources. A targeted selection was made according to a combination of three criteria: a diversity of social positions among the authors, the biographies of the authors, and the detail of description. An analysis of the material was conducted in order to contribute to a better understanding of the social significance of hospitality. Theoretical assumptions about hospitality in conditions of stability and social crisis were advanced. The analysis showed that in times of relative stability, hospitality was biographically important when it allowed a person to transition between positions in the social structure (usually between close levels) and involved some form of promotion. On the other hand, in conditions of intensified change and crises, the order was disturbed: on the one hand, visits to the homes of persons occupying more distant positions in the hierarchy (both up and down the social ladder) became more common, but on the other hand, there could be a challenge to or rejection of traditional requirements of hospitality. The first situation occurs especially at the beginning of a crisis, and with the depletion of resources, the increase in the number of negative experiences, and socialization to a long-term threat, a survival strategy begins to take shape in which only the closest circles prevail. Such findings suggest that a more cautious look should be taken at both the theoretical concepts in which hospitality is considered a useful social invention especially in times of increased need and at the Polish self-stereotype as a nation with a culture based on hospitality, invariable generosity, and an inclination to selflessness.
Problem ludności niemieckiej w Gdańsku w pierwszym okresie po zakończeniu II wojny światowej. Rekonesans badawczy
Authors: Bykowska Sylwia
Published: October 2020

This article focuses on the problem of Germans in Gdańsk shortly after the end of World War II. Among the issues analysed are: forced relocations of the German population by the Red Army; the so-called wild expulsion of Germans by the Polish authorities in 1945; the attitude of the Gdańsk administration towards the Germans; relations with Polish settlers from Central Poland and eastern territories incorporated into the Soviet Union. Mistrust, aversion and disputes were parallel to, sometimes, brutal competition for material goods, such as houses and workshops left by previous inhabitants. The Germans were underdogs in this conflict. They understood that they would no longer be responsible for their home city. They lost their position. Not having civil rights, they lost the right to their houses and farms. Gdańsk was an example of a former German city, whose new Polish community was created in the presence of its German inhabitants, who were subsequently deported to the territories on the other side of the Oder River. By this time, the coexistence of the Polish and German populations had evolved from hostility to cooperation between people devastated by war experience and forced migration. An official verification procedure was launched to determine who was a real German or Pole. One had to prove Polish descent and national usefulness in front of the Verification Commission. By the end of 1948, the number of native citizens of Gdańsk accepted as Polish citizens reached nearly 14,000. However, it was not possible to classify instantly all citizens of Gdańsk by their nationality. The memory of the pre-war Free City of Gdańsk was often more important for the collective identity of those who were born and lived in Gdańsk or Danzig before 1939. Both German and Polish citizens of Gdańsk were so strongly linked to their local homeland that they called themselves and were called by others ‘gdańszczanie’ or ‘Danziger’ for many years after the war.
Rola gazu ziemnego w walce z zanieczyszczeniem powietrza w Chinach
Authors: Gacek Łukasz
Published: October 2020

Air pollution has reached a critical state in China primarily due to its reliance on coal. The main goal of the government’s plan is to reduce the use of coal and increase its energy supply, primarily clean and renewable energy. In the long term, China needs to seek new approaches to energy and environmental policies. Slowly moving away from coal to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and simultaneously improve air quality is based on ambitious programmes of prevention and control of air pollution. One of them is to convert large numbers of coalfired boilers to natural gas in northern China. The main purpose of this article is to show how China implements its programmes of prevention and control of air pollution. It focuses on the increasing importance of gas in China’s energy mix as well as on coal-to-gas and coal-to-electricity switch in heating.
Stosunki rosyjsko-irańskie w latach 2011–2019. Pragmatyczny sojusz czy trwałe partnerstwo?
Authors: Purat Andrzej , Bielicki Paweł
Published: October 2020

The main goal of our considerations is to analyse the most important conditions and dependencies that characterise Russian-Iranian relations from the beginning of the Arab Spring to the present day. We pay special attention to the infl uence of the United States on the development of diplomatic contacts between Moscow and Tehran and the conflict in Syria.Firstly, we describe the history of relations between the two countries after 1979 and the takeover of power by the religious leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, who, despite adopting an anti-Western course in international politics, did not show a desire to get closer to the Soviet neighbour. Secondly, we describe the relations of both countries from the collapse of the USSR to 2011, focusing on Iran’s role in influencing political processes in the post-Soviet area. Thirdly, we present the position of Russia and the Middle East about the war in Syria and the role of the Kurds. We also examine the impact of US policy on establishing links between Russia and Iran. Moreover, we raise economic issues and Moscow’s growing desire to dominate the Iranian economy and army.In the summary, we try to answer the question of what Russian-Iranian relations will look like in the future, especially in the era of the gradually ending war in Syria. Importantly, we refer to the issue of the US anti-Iranian rhetoric reinforced by Donald Trump and how it can influence the further strengthening of the Russia-Iran alliance.
Kształtowanie niezależnych postaw młodzieży na przykładzie działalności odczytowej Sekcji Kultury Klubu Inteligencji Katolickiej
Authors: Kunicki-Goldfinger Witold
Published: October 2020

In the 1970s, a group of students associated in the Culture Section of the Club of Catholic Intelligentsia in Warsaw created a unique place for weekly discussion meetings. The search for values and patterns is visible while analysing the programme of these meetings. The author describes the role of history and literature in shaping independent attitudes. Members of the Culture Section treated the history (from Romanticism till contemporary period) and the literature created by the representatives of independent culture as a basis for discussion about their own culture and avowed values. Among invited speakers were both participants of earlier independence movements and the current ones. The paper attempts to show one of the ‘oases’ of youth’s free thought and discussions at the time.
Oswajanie populizmu. Scena polityczna Królestwa Niderlandów po 2015 roku
Authors: Żelichowski Ryszard
Published: October 2020

The mass influx of immigrants to Europe in 2015 shook the foundations of the political system of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The concept of populism dominated the political discourse related to various concepts of how to solve this problem. After the death of Pim Fortuyn and Theo van Gogh, two politicians using harsh anti-immigrant rhetoric and murdered by Islamic fanatics, a new generation of right-wing populist activists appeared on the political scene of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Two of them, Geert Wilders and Thierry Baudet, run their own political parties and are increasingly successful. The Freedom Party of Geert Wilders became the second strongest party in the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Forum for Democracy party founded by Thierry Baudet won two seats in the Second Chamber of Parliament in the 2017 election.The author of this article focuses on both these politicians and their party programmes. He argues that the culmination of populism in Europe, which fell between the peak of the 2015 migration crisis and the 2017 parliamentary elections, has changed the attitude of leading politicians to this concept. Populism has been ‘permanently’ appearing in salons. The thesis of ‘good’ populism, proclaimed by Prime Minister Mark Rutte, indicates its inclusion in the arsenal of political means also used by liberals to defend a democratic order.
Przestrzenno-funkcjonalne konsekwencje podziału miast granicą
Authors: Deptuła Magdalena
Published: October 2020

Cities divided by a state border constitute an extremely interdisciplinary issue. Research on them in various scientific disciplines emphasises the complex nature of the phenomenon and the multitude of problems that concern it and require attention. Most often they are the subject of political, economic or sociological studies, primarily involving the analysis of borders and their variability over time, economic cooperation, border movement and European integration. Spatial research is much less often undertaken, despite the fact that this dimension is one of the first to experience the consequences of the ‘division’. The tearing apart of an urban structure by a state border destroys the existing spatial cohesion of the urban organism and the network of functional connections it has created in the historical period of development. The aim of the study is therefore to discuss the spatial and functional effects of such a division and to formulate some general conclusions in this field based on the analysis of possibly different (for example, in terms of the origin and conditions of division, size and importance of centres in the settlement network) examples of divided cities, namely Jerusalem, Berlin, Nicosia and Gubin.
Przekształcenia krajobrazu w miejscowościach dawnych Prus Wschodnich po delimitacji granicy polsko-rosyjskiej
Authors: Majewska Anna
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the transformation of landscape following the delimitation of a state border using the example of the contemporary Polish-Russian borderland. Changes in the material structures of the settlement network and depopulation concern, in particular, localities whose areas have been divided by the border line and those located in the immediate vicinity (within 5 km). Numerous relics of completely depopulated settlement units identified in this space are objects that stand out in the borderland landscape. Thus, they co-create the contemporary landscape identity. The article presents the results of a historical and geographical analysis, showing the distribution of rural settlement units that were liquidated or abandoned as a result of geopolitical changes related to the end of World War II. Moreover, landscape relics of depopulated localities have been identified using measurement data from airborne laser scanning. The destructed objects identifi ed in the historical settlement are among the components of the material memory of the local landscape. They are evidence of the events and socio-political processes that took place over the last few decades in the lands of former East Prussia incorporated into Poland, in particular during the time associated with the delimitation of the current state border.
The Impact of Financial and Non-financial Disclosure on the Performance of Jordanian Commercial Banks Listed on the Amman Stock Exchange
Authors: Barakeh Mohammad , Nour Abdelnaser
Published: October 2020

هدفت هذه الدراسة معرفة أثر العوامل المحددة لمستوى الإفصاح المالي وغير المالي للبنوك التجارية المدرجة في بورصة عمان، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف اتَّبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، كما تمَّ تطبيق نموذج الانحدار بطريقة المربعات الصغرى (OLS regression) لاختبار فرضيات الدراسة، لملاءمتها لطبيعة الدراسة وهي دراسة نوعية؛ اعتمدت الدراسه على المصادر الثانوية، ولقياس المتغيرات المستقلة اعتُمد على القوائم السنوية لجمع البيانات المتعلقة بها، وتكّون مجتمع الدراسة من (13) بنكاً تجارياً، وفقا لبورصة عمان. وتم قياس المتغير التابع من واقع القوائم المالية المنشورة في بورصة عمان، لعينة الدراسة بسلسلة زمنية مقدارها سنتان (2014/2015)، واستخدم الباحثان الأساليب الإحصائية الملائمة من خلال برنامج SPSS لاختبار فرضيات الدراسة.ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة: عدم وجود الوعي والدراية اللازمة لتفاصيل بنود المادة رقم (22/الإفصاح والشفافية) من تعليمات الحاكمية المؤسسية للبنوك رقم (58/2014) بتاريخ 30/9/2014، ووجود ضعف في الشفافية في بنود الإفصاح الإجبارية والاختيارية، كما أظهرت الدراسة وجود أثر ذي دلالة إحصائية ووجود علاقة إيجابية لحجم البنك (رأس المال) على الإفصاح المالي وغير المالي للبنوك التجارية المدرجة في بورصة عمان، كما أظهرت الدراسة وجود أثر ذي دلالة إحصائية لربحية البنك، ولنسبة الرافعة المالية ولدرجه السيولة على الإفصاح المالي وغير المالي للبنوك التجارية المدرجة في بورصة عمان. وقد أوصت الدراسة بالعمل على زيادة الاهتمام اللازم بالإفصاح المالي وغير المالي للبنوك التجارية المدرجة في بورصة عمان، ونشر التوعية اللازمة لمحتوى بنود المادة رقم (22/الإفصاح والشفافية) من تعليمات الحاكمية المؤسسية للبنوك التجارية المدرجة في بورصة عمان، وزيادة الاهتمام بالشفافية، ونشر الوعي حول أهمية وجود التنسيق والتنظيم في عملية الإفصاح المالي وغير المالي، والربط فيما بينها، وتشجيع البنوك التجارية على الإفصاح غير المالي وتعزيزها، وذلك بذكر أهميته على الربحية المتحققة.
The Problem of Terrorism as a Term: Its Linguistic, Islamic Definitions and its Actual Use in Contemporary Reality
Authors: Kurdi AbedAlhameed
Published: October 2020

يُقدم هذا البحث دراسة مصطلحية لمفهوم الإرهاب لغة وشرعا وواقعا؛ حيث يدرس مادة (رَهِبَ) في معاجم اللغة العربية ويبين معانيها التي تدور عليها، والتي تقتصر على تعريفها بمختلف اشتقاقاتها بأنها: الخوف والتهديد والوعيد والإزعاج والخفة والتعبد والسَهم والجمل المُتْعب، كما يدرس معناه في القرآن والسنة بحيث يبين الحقيقة الشرعية لهذا المصطلح والتي لا تختلف تقريبا عن الحقيقة اللغوية، ومجموعها باختلاف اشتقاقاتها : الخوف من الله تعالى، والخوف من البشر، والتعبد والزهد، ثم يدرس معناها في الواقع، ويبين مدى اختلاف معناه في الواقع عن حقيقتها اللغوية والشّرعية، وينقد البحث هذا الاختلاف، كما يقترح حلولا أخرى لمصطلحات تنطبق على المراد أكثر من مصطلح الإرهاب. ووضع الباحث مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات في خاتمة بحثه، كان من أهمها عدم اتفاق المرجعيات سواء أكانت القانونية أم السياسية على تحديد المراد بالإرهاب في الواقع المعاصر.
The Element of Methods and Means in Transferring the Content of Call to Allah Almighty
Authors: Khatatbeh Adnan
Published: October 2020

هدفت الدراسة بحث عنصر الأسلوب والوسيلة في نقل محتوى الدعوة تأصيلا وتطبيقا. واستخدمت المنهج الاستنباطي. وكان من أهم النتائج: أساليب تبليغ الدعوة مجموعة الطرق والسبل التي يشكلها الداعية لإيصال محتوى الرسالة الدعوية إلى فئات المدعوين المختلفة، ويغلب عليها الصبغة النظرية والقولية. ووسائل تبليغ الدعوة مجموعة الإمكانات المادّية التي يستخدمها الداعية لإيصال محتوى رسالته الدعوية إلى فئات المدعوين المختلفة، ويغلب عليها الصبغة العملية من أدوات وآليات وإجراءات وأنشطة.
Transferring the Title of a Rented Property under the Jordanian Civil Code (A comparative Study)
Authors: Al Fatlawi Sahib
Published: October 2020

يتناول هذا البحث جزئية محدودة تتمثل في انتقال ملكية المأجور وأحكامه في القانون الأردني (دراسة مقارنة). وسبب اختيار الباحث لهذا الموضوع هو اختزال المشرع الأردني له بنص واحد فقط (م 691 مدني أردني)، تناول صورة واحدة من صور انتقال الملكية وهي البيع، ولم يتطرق إلى آثار هذا الانتقال وكيفية إثبات وتنظيم العلاقة بين أطرافه، فضلاً عن عدم إشارة القوانين الخاصة في الأردن كقانون المالكين والمستأجرين إلى هذا الموضوع. لقد حاول الباحث وضع تنظيم قانوني متكامل لهذا المفصل القانوني، مستفيداً من تجارب الدول الأخرى، ليضعه أمام المشرع الأردني عله يستفيد منه عند إعادة النظر بأحكام عقد الإيجار مستقبلاً.
POLYPILL ADMINISTRATION IS IT MANDATORY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION?
Authors: Garbadu Nirmal
Published: October 2020

Primary prevention for CVD is defined as individual or community actions targeted to a population with risk factors, but without the presence of the disease. The individual approach involves screening vulnerable patients. While the main goal of secondary prevention is to decrease morbidity and mortality through programs that use effective pharmacological strategies1. A high proportion of CVD deaths occurs in people who already had an event and, in these individuals, mortality can be reduced with appropriate pharmacological and lifestyle management2. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that for secondary cardiovascular prevention in patients (individuals who have had a heart attack or ischemic stroke) should, in addition to lifestyle changes, take an antiplatelet agent, statin, and blood-pressure-lowering drugs for the long term, to reduce the risk of a recurrent nonfatal or fatal CVD events3. However, it has been observed that increasing the number of drugs, decrease the patients’ adherence to these cardiovascular (CV) treatments. Poor adherence to multidrug regimens is a common and major barrier to effective therapy4. Also, most people do not take these drugs long term i.e., poor adherence to pharmacological treatment5.
COVID-19 ONLINE QUESTIONNAIRE BASED SURVEY ON LIFESTYLE DURING THE PERIOD OF LOCKDOWN AMONG THE GENERAL POPULATION
Authors: k Prathvi , Kasbag Arundhati R , K Ashwin Kamath , G Namratha B , shenoy Praveen , Kini Sanjay
Published: October 2020

An analysis of the overall assessment of changes in the daily activities during lockdown caused by covid-19 using an online survey conducted with the help of a well prepared online questionnaire form .Topics of interest include, food habits, sleep and mental health, exercise pattern, hobbies, screen time and general awareness.As the Indian Government had recommended the public to avoid interaction and isolate themselves at home, potential respondents were electronically invited. They completed the questionnaire online. All the respondents filled in the forms voluntarily. No personal information was asked.Study shows that not all the population is aware of all the major symptoms and importance of itWith due knowledge, many might neglect the symptoms and become spreaders in the community.Since no efficient treatment is clinically known, the spread of the covid 19 should be kept under manageable rate, if not things may get worse than expected.
GELFOAM INDUCED CAUDA EQUINA SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT WITH REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Mughal Nazim , Mishra Deepankar , Srivastava Ajay , Naaz Nikhat
Published: October 2020

Gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) is quite often used for haemostasis during spine surgery. However due to its property of osmotic expansion after coming in contact with blood, it has the potential to cause serious complications as a result of compression of nearby vital neurological tissues. We report a case of cauda equina syndrome due to retained Gelfoam during spinal surgery. A 35 year old female patient presented with complaints of pain and numbness in lower limbs for 5 months. MRI was suggestive of disc herniation at L4/L5. Lumbar discectomy was done and gelfoam was used for haemostasis. However, patient developed post-operative neurological complications suggestive of cauda equina syndrome. MRI showed gelfoam induced compression of dural sac. Gelfoam removal was done after which marked improvement in symptoms was observed. Conclusion: Hemostatic agents like Gelfoam which are often used during surgeries have the potential to cause compression of vital structures. Therefore, these should be removed once haemostatic control is accomplished and if it is to be retained, prompt post operatively monitoring is essential.
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE OF TUBERCULOISIS AMONG RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION OF UDAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN
Authors: Salvi Ganesh , Luthra Rakhi
Published: October 2020

AIM: To assess the knowledge regarding Tuberculosis cause, spread, types and duration of treatment among rural and urban population of Udaipur, Rajasthan.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted during January to March 2020 in OPD’s of PHC and UHC of Udaipur city. Total of 216 participants were included.
Results: Our study showed that 30.09% were believed that Tb spread form Air, 42.22% were aware about Pulmonary tuberculosis and 53.24% were know that treatment of Tb lasts for 6 months.
Conclusion: There is a need to aware people more about Tuberculosis risk factors, symptoms and treatment.
EVALUATION OF D-DIMER SERUM LEVELS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SPONTANEOUS URTICARIA AND ITS CORRELATION WITH DISEASE SEVERITY.
Authors: Jaiswal Aditi , Godse Kiran
Published: October 2020

Aims: To evaluate D-Dimer serum levels in patients with chronic urticaria and its correlation with disease activity. Settings and Design: Single centre Cross sectional prospective observational age & sex matched case-control study at Dermatology OPD of a tertiary referral centre. Methods and Material: This study was conducted from January 2018 to June 2019. We in-cluded 33 patients with CU and 30 controls . They were recruited from urticaria clinic. All cases were subjected to history taking, general and dermatological examination. The serum levels of D-Dimer were measured by Semiquantitative, immunofiltration kits. Statistical analysis: Data was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) ver-sion 21.0. Tests used were Independent t test/Mann-Whitney Test, Chi-Square test/Fisher’s Exact test, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, Kolmogorov- Smirnov test.. Results: Patients with active CU had elevated D-Dimer serum levels (p<0.0001) when com-pared with the control group (papulo-squamous disorder). Of 33 CSU patients, D-dimer level was elevated in 19 patients (57.58%). There was statistically significant positive correlation between disease severity (UAS7) and plasma D-dimer level (p <.0001, r =0.935). Conclusions: This study showed elevated D-dimer levels in more than half of Indian patients with CSU. There was a positive correlation between plasma D-dimer levels and the severity of disease activity. Investigation for plasma D-dimer level may be an alternative objective way to evaluate disease severity in patients with CSU. Limitations: Low sample size . Semi quantitative method was used instead of ELISA for D-Dimer.
TOTALLY TUBELESS PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY (PCNL) : IS IT FEASIBLE IN MORBIDLY OBESE PATIENTS?
Authors: Goel Rahul
Published: October 2020

Purpose- PCNL is difficult in obese, and has increased risk of peri-operative complications in obese ,it was decided to retrospectively analyse from our patients, of last 8 yrs, to determine stone free status and complication rates.
Material and Methods- Study was between January 2011- January 2019 , 78 morbidly obese patients were randomised, with body mass index over 35 who had indication of PCNL , stones larger than 2 cms and stones smaller in size and treatment unfit for ESWL (extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy) if stone skin difference was high, or ESWL resistant hard stones were enrolled. Patients randomly assigned in two groups, Group 1 standard PCNL with Nephrostomy and a Stent ,Group 2 Totally tubeless with no Nephrostomy and no Stent, and the outcomes were compared.
Results- The transfusion rate, operative time and the drop in hemoglobin were same in both groups (p>0.05). Total analgesic use was equivalent of 33.8 vs 14.7 mgs of morphine sulfate (18-77mg) and was significantly lower in tubeless group(p=0.001). Return to normal was described as total number of in-patients and outpatients days from time of admission to the point which the patient returns to normal activity such as going to job and was 19.4 vs 9.3 days (6-30 days, p=0.001)
Conclusion- Totally tubeless PCNL in obese patients had lower analgesic use and return to normal activity vs standard PCNL. Totally tube less PCNL is recommended for obese patients.
A STUDY ON THE EVALUATION OF SECOND YEAR UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENT'S PERCEPTIONS AND THEIR FEEDBACK REGARDING TEACHING LEARNING METHODOLOGIES IN PHARMACOLOGY AT GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, SRINAGAR.
Authors: Farooq Sabahat , Farhat Samina
Published: October 2020

The Medical education has been undergoing intense reforms globally. As a result numerous Teaching-learning (T-L) methods are adopted worldwide. Therefore, reforms in undergraduate teaching are of extreme importance. Understanding of current perceptions and opinions of medical students is important for the improvement of teaching-learning methodologies in pharmacology subject. This study completed with the objective to determine the perception and feedback of teaching learning methods in pharmacology.
A Survey on Joint Communication-Radar Systems
Authors: Mazahir Sana , Ahmed Sajid , Alouini Mohamed-Slim
Published: October 2020

Concerns for spectrum congestion have spurred extensive research efforts on efficient spectrum management. Therefore, devising schemes

for spectrum sharing between radar and wireless communication systems has become an important area of research. Joint communications-radar (JCR) system is among the several approaches proposed to achieve this objective. In JCR systems, additional components and processes are added to an existing standardized communication platform to enable radar functions. Moreover, the communication waveform is used as an integrated JCR waveform, i.e., the same signal is used to communicate information to a receiver and to perform radar detection and estimation operations for a nearby target. The most common application of JCR systems is found in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication scenario. In this article, an overview of the spectrum sharing methods is presented, with focus on JCR systems in automotive applications. We first review the recent works on IEEE 802.11p- and IEEE 802.11ad-based radars. A basic description of the modeling of JCR system and channels is presented, followed by discussions on main components and processes employed in various JCR systems. Mainly, we are interested in how the radar detection and estimation functions are performed in conjunction with the communication receiver functions with minimal alterations in the existing system. At the end of the paper, some performance trade-offs between the communication and radar sub-systems are also discussed.
The Pelatihan Media BIG MAZE Bagi Guru-Guru Aisyah Pendukung Selama Daring
Authors: Siregar Alfitriani , Naimi Nadlrah
Published: October 2020

This community service is aimed to provide teaching training through BIG MAZE educational game media for Aisiyah’ teachers during online. The educational game, Maze, is complicated, tortuous, and deadlocked track system. At home, children easily learn through the media BIG MAZE, is B (Bergerak) for move is a stimulus to the child's body movements, hands and feet. I (Ingat) for remember is to train the child's memory sensors, through language, numbers, letters. G (Guna) for use is to do the activities of the results of exercises done in the previous movement through memory sensors, and will affect the cognitive development of children. This activity was carried out in collaboration between Aisyiyah Regional Leadership of Primary and Secondary Educational in North Sumatera and Aisyiyah Butstanul Athfal’ teachers in Medan partners. The method is taught for children of 10 teachers from ABA in Medan and has been evaluated, this activity through 4 stages: (1) preparation, (2) action, (3) observation, and (4) evaluation. The results of the children were very enthusiastic using by BIG MAZE of educational games tool at home online.