bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging analyses of coagulation-dependent initiation of fibrinolysis on activated platelets and its modification by thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor
Authors: Brzoska Tomasz , Suzuki Yuko , Sano Hideto , Suzuki Seiichirou , Tomczyk Martyna , Tanaka Hiroki , Urano Tetsumei
Published: February 2017

Using intravital confocal microscopy, we observed previously that the process of platelet phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, fibrin formation and lysine binding site-dependent plasminogen (plg) accumulation took place only in the centre of thrombi, not at their periphery. These findings prompted us to analyse the spatiotemporal regulatory mechanisms underlying coagulation and fibrinolysis. We analysed the fibrin network formation and the subsequent lysis in an in vitro experiment using diluted platelet-rich plasma supplemented with fluorescently labelled coagulation and fibrinolytic factors, using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The structure of the fibrin network formed by supplemented tissue factor was uneven and denser at the sites of coagulation initiation regions (CIRs) on PS-exposed platelets. When tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA; 7.5 nM) was supplemented, labelled plg (50 nM) as well as tPA accumulated at CIRs, from where fibrinolysis started and gradually expanded to the peripheries. The lysis time at CIRs and their peripheries (50 µm from the CIR) were 27.9 ± 6.6 and 44.4 ± 9.7 minutes (mean ± SD, n=50 from five independent experiments) after the addition of tissue factor, respectively. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (TMα; 2.0 nM) attenuated the CIR-dependent plg accumulation and strongly delayed fibrinolysis at CIRs. A carboxypeptidase inhibitor dose-dependently enhanced the CIR-de- pendent fibrinolysis initiation, and at 20 µM it completely abrogated the TMα-induced delay of fibrinolysis. Our findings are the first to directly present crosstalk between coagulation and fibrinolysis, which takes place on activated platelets’ surface and is further controlled by thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI).

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Chewing versus Swallowing Ticagrelor to Accelerate Platelet Inhibition in Acute Coronary Syndrome - the CHEERS study
Authors: Katz Moshe , Regev Ehud , Sabbag Avi , Mazin Israel , Abu-Much Arsalan , Kukuy Andrew , Mazo Anna , Erez Aharon , Berkovitch Anat , Narodistky Michael , Barbash Israel , Segev Amit , Beigel Roy , Matetzky Shlomi , Asher Elad , Frydman Shir
Published: February 2017

It was the study objective to evaluate whether chewing a 180 mg loading dose of ticagrelor versus an equal dose of traditional oral administration, enhances inhibition of platelet aggregation 1 hour (h) after administering a ticagrelor loading dose in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. Dual anti-platelet therapy represents standard care for treating NSTEMI patients. Ticagrelor is a direct acting P2Y12 inhibitor and, unlike clopidogrel and prasugrel, does not require metabolic activation. Fifty NSTEMI patients were randomised to receive either a chewing loading dose of 180 mg ticagrelor or an equal standard oral dose of ticagrelor. Platelet reactivity was evaluated by VerifyNow at baseline, 1 and 4 h post-loading dose. Results are reported in P2Y12 reaction units. Patients then continued to receive standard 90 mg oral ticagrelor twice daily. Baseline characteristics did not differ between the two groups. P2Y12 reaction units in the chewing group compared with the standard group at 0, 1 and 4 h after ticagrelor loading dose were: 245 vs 239 (p=0.59), 45 vs 130 (p=0.001) and 39 vs 60 (p=0.12), respectively, corresponding to a relative inhibition of platelet aggregation of 83 % vs only 47 % at 1 h (p< 0.001), and 84 % vs 77 % (p=0.59) at 4 h. Major adverse cardiac and cardiovascular events at 30 days were low (2 %), occurring in only one patient in the standard group. In conclusion, chewing a 180 mg ticagrelor loading dose is feasible and facilitates both faster and improved early inhibition of platelet aggregation in NSTEMI patients, compared with a standard oral-loading dose.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Global Burden of Stroke
Authors: Feigin Valery L. , Norrving Bo , Mensah George A.
Published: February 2017

On the basis of the GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2013 Study, this article provides an overview of the global, regional, and country-specific burden of stroke by sex and age groups, including trends in stroke burden from 1990 to 2013, and outlines recommended measures to reduce stroke burden. It shows that although stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years rates tend to decline from 1990 to 2013, the overall stroke burden in terms of absolute number of people affected by, or who remained disabled from, stroke has increased across the globe in both men and women of all ages. This provides a strong argument that “business as usual” for primary stroke prevention is not sufficiently effective. Although prevention of stroke is a complex medical and political issue, there is strong evidence that substantial prevention of stroke is feasible in practice. The need to scale-up the primary prevention actions is urgent.
Race and Sex Differences in Post–Myocardial Infarction Angina Frequency and Risk of 1-Year Unplanned Rehospitalization
Authors: Hess Connie N. , Kaltenbach Lisa A. , Doll Jacob A. , Cohen David J. , Peterson Eric D. , Wang Tracy Y.
Published: February 2017

Background:

Race and sex disparities in in-hospital treatment and outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) have been described, but little is known about race and sex differences in post-MI angina and long-term risk of unplanned rehospitalization. We examined race and sex differences in post-MI angina frequency and 1-year unplanned rehospitalization to identify factors associated with unplanned rehospitalization, testing for whether race and sex modify these relationships.

Methods:

Using TRANSLATE-ACS (Treatment With Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor Inhibitors: Longitudinal Assessment of Treatment Patterns and Events after Acute Coronary Syndrome) data, we examined 6-week and 1-year angina frequency and 1-year unplanned rehospitalization stratified by race and sex among MI patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess factors associated with unplanned rehospitalization and tested for interactions among angina frequency, race, and sex.

Results:

A total of 11 595 MI patients survived to 1 year postdischarge; there were 66.6% white male patients, 24.3% white female patients, 5.3% black male patients, and 3.8% black female patients. Overall, 29.7% had angina at 6 weeks, and 20.6% had angina at 1 year postdischarge. Relative to white patients, black patients were more likely to have angina at 6 weeks (female: 44.2% versus 31.8%; male: 33.5% versus 27.1%; both
P
<0.0001) and 1 year (female: 49.4% versus 38.9%; male: 46.3% versus 31.1%; both
P
<0.0001). Rates of 1-year unplanned rehospitalization were highest among black female patients (44.1%), followed by white female patients (38.4%), black male patients (36.4%), and white male patients (30.2%,
P
<0.0001). In the multivariable model, 6-week angina was most strongly associated with unplanned rehospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.36–1.62;
P
<0.0001); this relationship was not modified by race or sex (adjusted 3-way
P
interaction
=0.41).

Conclusions:

One-fifth of MI patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention report 1-year postdischarge angina, with black and female patients more likely to have angina and to be rehospitalized. Better treatment of post-MI angina may improve patient quality of life and quality of care and help to lower rates of rehospitalization overall and particularly among black and female patients, given their high prevalence of post-MI angina.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01088503.
Larval and pupal descriptions of Anomalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) species from Ecuador
Authors: FILIPPINI VALENTINA , ONORE GIOVANNI , GUIDOLIN LAURA
Published: February 2017

The third instars are described and illustrated for five Anomalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) species from Ecuador: Anomala balzapambae Ohaus, 1897, A. popayana Ohaus, 1897, A. valida Burmeister, 1844, Callistethus buchwaldianus (Ohaus, 1908), and C. levii (Blanchard, 1851). The pupae of three Ecuadorian species are also described and illustrated: A. discoidalis Bates, 1888, A. popayana, and C. levii. Diagnostic characters of the species are provided. A key to the known larvae of Anomalini from the New World is provided, which now includes five genera and 31 species.
Critical Essay: Organizational cognitive neuroscience drives theoretical progress, or: The curious case of the straw man murder
Authors: Butler Michael JR , Lee Nick , Senior Carl
Published: February 2017

In this critical essay, we respond to Lindebaum’s argument that neuroscientific methodologies and data have been accepted prematurely in proposing novel management theory. We acknowledge that building new management theories requires firm foundations. We also find his distinction between demand and supply-side forces helpful as an analytical framework identifying the momentum for the contemporary production of management theory. Nevertheless, some of the arguments Lindebaum puts forward, on closer inspection, can be contested, especially those related to the supply side of organizational cognitive neuroscience research: functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data, motherhood statements and ethical concerns. We put forward a more positive case for organizational cognitive neuroscience methodologies and data, as well as clarifying exactly what organizational cognitive neuroscience really means, and its consequences for the development of strong management theory.
The effects of moisture on the thermal protective performance of firefighter protective clothing under medium intensity radiant exposure
Authors: Zhang Hui , Song Guowen , Ren Haitao , Cao Juan
Published: February 2017

Current firefighter protective clothing is composed of multilayer fabric systems. The outer shell fabrics inevitably become wet in the process of firefighters performing their duties, and sweat may also increase moisture in the inner layers of protective clothing. In this study, two kinds of outer shell fabrics (aramid IIIA fabric and aramid 1313 and flame-retardant viscose-blended fabric) and two kinds of thermal liner fabrics with different thicknesses were selected. Three wetness conditions were simulated for the outer shell fabric, thermal liner fabric and both fabrics together. A modified thermal protective performance (TPP) tester was applied to assess TPP provided by these wetted fabrics; in addition, second-degree skin burn time was predicted and absorbed energy indexes were calculated. The regression method was employed to create fitting curves for absorbed energy and second-degree burn time in different configurations and the Pearson correlation was established to analyze their relationship, in which the lowest R2 value could reach 0.9122 and p-values were all much less than 0.05. Performance results for both wet conditions indicated that outer shell moisture and a thicker thermal liner have a positive and increased negative effect, respectively, on fabric TPP. When the sample S-3-D (aramid 1313 and flame-retardant viscose-blended fabric, moisture barrier and the thin thermal liner) was both wetted in the outer shell and thermal liner, its second-degree burn time was improved by 12.8% over performance in dry conditions. These findings may have important applications for the design and manufacture of optimal protective performance clothing systems.
Better Together: Using Meta-Analysis to Explore Complementarities between Ecological and Institutional Theories of Organization
Authors: Lander Michel W. , Heugens Pursey P.M.A.R.
Published: February 2017

While sharing intellectual ancestry, organizational ecology and institutionalism are rarely used conjointly to explain population dynamics. A rapprochement would nevertheless be fruitful, as the parsimonious models developed by ecologists are better able to explain organizational founding and failure when enriched with institutional variables. We present a meta-analysis of density dependence theory, which predicts a non-monotonic relationship between population density and organizational vital events. We show that ecology and institutionalism are ‘better together’ by extending this ecological framework in four institutionalism-inspired ways. First, we show that the effects of density on organizational vital rates are moderated by two conceptions of time: ecological ‘clocks’ and institutional ‘eras’. Second, we argue that the socio-political legitimacy of organizational forms, a concept with strong institutional roots, exacerbates density-related founding while attenuating failure. Third, we illustrate how the emergence of prototypical categories in organizational fields can increase the magnitude of density effects. Fourth, we highlight how these socio-political legitimacy and categorization effects are conditioned by ecological clock time. We close by proposing a concise agenda for future research, aimed at finding a better balance between the generality and explanatory power of our most trusted organizational theories.
Vision-based navigation for unmanned aircraft using ground feature points and terrain elevation data
Authors: Kim Youngjoo , Bang Hyochoong
Published: February 2017

A vision-based navigation approach using digital terrain elevation data and a monocular camera is addressed for autonomous navigation of unmanned aircraft. Previous vision-based terrain-referenced navigation algorithms use visual measurements to update vehicle position. This study expands the use of the visual measurements and the terrain data by designing the navigation filter to update 3-axis attitude and velocity as well as position. An observation model for updating position and attitude compares height estimates of ground features, computed from the visual measurements, with terrain elevation data. Additionally, the eight-point algorithm is adopted to extract direction of camera movement to update velocity in the navigation filter. A simulation study is conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed method and the effect of visual measurement errors.
The Glymphatic Pathway: Waste Removal from the CNS via Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport
Authors: Benveniste Helene , Lee Hedok , Volkow Nora D.
Published: February 2017

The overall premise of this review is that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is transported within a dedicated peri-vascular network facilitating metabolic waste clearance from the central nervous system while we sleep. The anatomical profile of the network is complex and has been defined as a peri-arterial CSF influx pathway and peri-venous clearance routes, which are functionally coupled by interstitial bulk flow supported by astrocytic aquaporin 4 water channels. The role of the newly discovered system in the brain is equivalent to the lymphatic system present in other body organs and has been termed the “glymphatic pathway” or “(g)lymphatics” because of its dependence on glial cells. We will discuss and review the general anatomy and physiology of CSF from the perspective of the glymphatic pathway, a discovery which has greatly improved our understanding of key factors that control removal of metabolic waste products from the central nervous system in health and disease and identifies an additional purpose for sleep. A brief historical and factual description of CSF production and transport will precede the ensuing discussion of the glymphatic system along with a discussion of its clinical implications.
Language dominance and the perception of the Majorcan Catalan /ʎ/−/ʒ/ contrast: Asymmetrical phonological representations
Authors: Ramírez Marta , Simonet Miquel
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

Bilinguals tend to experience “difficulties” with contrasts specific to their nondominant language. This study investigates the discrimination of the /ʎ/-/ʒ/ contrast of Majorcan Catalan by two groups of Catalan–Spanish bilinguals differing in their linguistic experience, Catalan- versus Spanish-dominant.

Methodology:

Participants completed a categorical discrimination task to examine their perception of the following pairwise comparisons, relevant to assessing the perceptibility of the Majorcan Catalan /ʎ/-/ʒ/ contrast: [ʎ]-[ʒ], [ʎ]-[j], and [ʒ]-[j].

Data:

Data consisted of arcsine-transformed proportion-correct responses obtained by means of a categorical discrimination task using the odd-item-out AXB paradigm.

Findings:

The results indicate that Spanish-dominant bilinguals are less accurate than Catalan-dominant ones in terms of their discrimination of the sounds involved in the /ʎ/-/ʒ/ contrast. Catalan-dominant participants discriminate any pairs involving [ʒ] very accurately. Interestingly, however, all participants find the [ʎ]-[j] pair difficult to discriminate.

Originality:

This study examines perception of a contrast not examined before, and its results suggest a surprising pattern of asymmetry in phonological representations of the target contrast.

Significance:

The results suggest that language dominance in the Catalan–Spanish contact community modulates discrimination of the /ʎ/-/ʒ/ contrast. The findings also suggest that Catalan-dominant listeners’ representation of /ʎ/ and /ʒ/ may be asymmetrical: The representation of /ʎ/ may be fuzzier than that of /ʒ/.
Engaging students and their publics through making sociological films
Authors: Waller Vivienne
Published: February 2017

While sociological learning and teaching is still dominated by the word, students are increasingly immersed in visual culture. Audio-visuals can be extremely powerful in their ability to communicate complex messages about the world and are growing in importance as a means of informing public debate. Recent developments in technology equip anyone with access to a computer or smartphone with the means to make a film. Getting students to make a short film seemed a way to cater to diverse skill sets and interests and facilitate authentic learning while simultaneously engaging students in a form of public sociology. This article examines Sociomentary, a recently developed undergraduate unit which, underpinned by critical media pedagogy, involved students in a new form of sociological knowledge production. It contributes to the collective effort of academics teaching sociology to find ways to engage students more deeply and assist them in engaging the world.
Challenges and Prospects for the Paradigm of Naturalistic Decision Making
Authors: Hoffman Robert R. , Klein Gary L.
Published: February 2017

This is a report on developments in naturalistic decision making (NDM) with respect to current challenges and prospects discussed at the 2015 NDM International Conference. Emphasis is placed on orienting scientific resources to address the challenges expressed by the Human Systems Priority Steering Council. Participants and presenters at the NDM conference were asked to discuss ways in which the NDM paradigm can be extended and applied to address current and emerging national, international, and societal challenges.
‘I don’t want to be that guy walking in the feminine product aisle’: a Photovoice exploration of college men’s perceptions of safer sex responsibility
Authors: Breny Jean M. , Lombardi Deirdre C.
Published: February 2017

Incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to increase among young heterosexual men and women in the United States. Although research studies examine the reasons why these young people are not engaging in safe sex behavior, many have not explored factors beyond individual behaviors. Much of the current research focuses on young women, for the most part leaving men out of the equation. In this study, a Photovoice methodology was used to examine social norms, media messaging and perceptions of responsibility surrounding safe sex practices, specifically condom use, among male heterosexual undergraduate students. Results showed that college-aged men are still prioritizing pregnancy prevention over disease prevention, which leads to assumptions that their female partners are on birth control and they do not need to use condoms. Participants pointed to media messages and condom placement that supports women’s responsibility for safer sex and condom negotiation. Future health promotion research and practice should focus on including men in the design and implementation process to address social norms and increase their sense of responsibility.
Structural Equation Modelling of Determinants of Buyer–Supplier Relationship Improvement Strategies: Case of Indian Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Joshi Sarang Prakashrao , Verma Rakesh , Bhasin Harsh Vardhan , Kharat Manoj Govind , Kharat Mukesh Govind
Published: February 2017

Recently, many organisations have recognised that development of supplier and buyer relationship improvement is becoming necessary to establish strong and mutually beneficial long-term relationships in improving performance across the supply chain, generating greater cost efficiency and enabling the business to grow and develop. The current study proposes a framework for buyer–supplier relationship improvement (BSRI) strategy and tests the same using structural equation modelling (SEM). Result indicates that BSRI can be improved under the condition of supplier development practices (SDP) and buyer–supplier relationship practices (BSRP). SDP are further driven by productive measure (PM) and competitive pressure (CP), whereas the impact of customer uncertainty (CU) turned out insignificant. The study results demonstrate that profitability (PR) can be improved by achieving competitive advantages (CA) through BSRI. CA includes operational effectiveness, innovation (INV), technology adaption (TAD) and risk minimisation (RIM). A survey response of 512 different manufacturing firms of India was used for data analysis. Initially, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is performed for exploring the factor followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), for confirmation and construct validity. Findings from the study revealed that linking of SDP with BSRI is necessary from buyer side along with consideration of supplier’s perspective to achieve CA, which will lead towards enhanced PR.
Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Koehn Brent H , Blazar Bruce R
Published: February 2017

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can be a devastating complication for as many as a third of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). A role for myeloid cells in the amplification of GVHD has been demonstrated; however, less is understood about a potential regulatory role that myeloid cells play or whether such cells may be manipulated and applied therapeutically. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a naturally occurring immune regulatory population that are engaged and expand shortly after many forms of immune distress, including cancer, trauma, and infection. As MDSCs are often associated with chronic disease, inflammation, and even the promotion of tumor growth (regarding angiogenesis/metastasis), they can appear to be predictors of poor outcomes and therefore, vilified; yet, this association doesn't match with their perceived function of suppressing inflammation. Here, we explore the role of MDSC in GVHD in an attempt to investigate potential synergies that may be promoted, leading to better patient outcomes after allo-HCT.
RUSCOSMIC — the new software toolbox for detailed analysis of cosmic ray interactions with matter
Authors: Маурчев Евгений , Maurchev Evgeniy , Балабин Юрий , Balabin Yuriy
Published: February 2017

At present, cosmic ray (CR) physics uses a considerable variety of methods for studying CR characteristics of both primary and secondary fluxes. Experimental methods make the main contribution, using various types of detectors, but numerical methods increasingly complement it due to the active development in computer technology. This approach provides researchers with the most extensive information about details of the process or phenomenon and allows us to make the most competent conclusions. This paper presents a concept of the RUSCOSMIC © software package based on the GEANT4 toolkit and representing a range of different numerical models for studying CR propagation through medium of different systems (radiation detectors, Earth’s atmosphere). The obtained results represent response functions of the main radiation detectors as well as some typical characteristics of secondary CR fluxes. Comparative results also show the operation of the module verification of calculations with experimental data.
Warwickshire champions the need for children to talk
Authors: Powers Deborah , Packer Melanie
Published: February 2017

The ability to communicate is a vital skill, one that needs to be nurtured from birth. Unfortunately, some babies and children will need more support than others, which is why chatter matters™ is so important.
Helping children to cope with our stressful world
Authors: Brown Paula
Published: February 2017

Cortisol is a stress hormone, which can help or hinder development and wellbeing. It has a powerful impact on children in our settings. Next month, we look at dopamine, linked with rewards and learning.
Exploring foundation stage provision in a primary school
Authors: Kiely Teresa
Published: February 2017

This article uses a case study approach to explore how the foundation stage is delivered in a primary school. Providing readers with examples of effective early years practice, and considers the position of the reception class in school.
‘Iraqi’ cinema since the US-led invasion of 2003
Authors: Ginsberg Terri
Published: February 2017

During the 1950–70s, film production in Iraq was relatively prolific. Private industry eventually gave way to nationalization under Ba‘th Party rule. Not unlike Iraqi cinema of the colonial era, most post-independence Iraqi cinema had the ideological aim of propping up the new regime while supplying light entertainment to the populace. A minor auteur cinema did develop, which produced a small number of critical independent films, but the movement was short-lived. The bulk of quality film production in Iraq occurred during the period of nationalization. This development eventually led to the establishment of a film school in Baghdad. Since the Iran–Iraq War, national film production in Iraq effectively ended. This is not to say that films publicized as ‘Iraqi’ have not been produced in recent years; on the contrary, a small but noteworthy number of ‘Iraqi’ films have been made, primarily for international distribution, largely by Iraqi ex-patriots to (and from) Europe and with financial support from private foreign sources. This article discusses two such films, Zaman: The Man from the Reeds (Alwan, 2003), and Ahlaam (al-Daradji, 2006), comparing and contrasting their differing but overlapping strategies, which evidence the suffering of Iraqis living under conditions of war and violence. These strategies at the same time in varying ways distract or distort attention from the real determinants of those conditions. By extension the article draws critical connections between the aims and orientations of new ‘Iraqi’ cinema and the hasbara cultural initiatives of contemporary Israel.
Pole and Hungarian Cousins Be? A Comparison of State Media Capture, Ideological Narratives and Political Truth Monopolization in Hungary and Poland
Authors: Kerpel-Fronius Aron
Published: February 2017

Pole and Hungarian Cousins Be? A Comparison of State Media Capture, Ideological Narratives and Political Truth Monopolization in Hungary and Poland
Ejection of Stars with Relativistic Velocities
Authors: Dryomova G. , Dryomov V. , Tutukov A.
Published: February 2017

We present the results of numerical simulations performed in terms of modified Hills' scenario involving two supermassive black holes (SMBHs). In contrast to the classic Hills scenario (Hills 1988), here one component of the ordinary stellar binary system is replaced with a SMBH that provides a kinetic resource for ejecting a star (the secondary component of the binary) with relativistic velocity (RVS). We examine the conditions that favor relativistic ejections of stars, depending on the pericentric approach, the mass ratio of two SMBHs, and the orbital configuration of the binary system. Applying the simple criteria helped us to sort out the results of numerical simulations by the outcome: conservation of the orbital configuration of the binary system, dynamic recapture of the star by the central SMBH, emission of hypervelocity stars (HVSs), and RVS ejection. In the framework of N-body simulations we estimate the probability for a star to survive in the cross-field of two SMBHs during the ejection with relativistic velocity, and discuss the probability of the detection of RVSs in our Galaxy in the cases where such stars are generated in distant interacting galaxies undergoing a merger of their central parts occupied by SMBHs.
A Commentary on the Social Perspective on Creativity
Authors: Runco Mark A.
Published: February 2017

This commentary examines the social perspective on creativity, as presented in the featured article. There are several attractive aspects to the social perspective, but serious limitations as well, which are detailed in this commentary. The assumptions of the social perspective are also discussed. The most questionable of these assumes that social recognition and impact are inherent parts of creativity. The parsimonious alternative is to define creativity such that it includes only what is related to creativity per se and to recognize that social recognition may follow creation and is certainly extricable from it. A defence of this parsimonious view is presented. A brief discussion of possible crises in the field of creativity studies is also presented, with one suggestion being that the diverse approaches used in the field represent a kind of divergent thinking and as such represent progress, even though it is not linear. This commentary concludes with a discussion about creativity being vital for quality of life. That perspective differs dramatically from the product view of creativity which is often tied to a social perspective.
The Social “Cost” of Working in Groups and Impact on Values and Creativity
Authors: Runco Mark A. , Hao Ning , Acar Selcuk , Yang Jing , Tang Mengying
Published: February 2017

Creative things are always original, but they must be more than just original. They must also have some utility, effectiveness, or value. The present research tested the psychoeconomic definition of “value” and examined how value ratings fluctuated when individuals worked in groups or alone. This psychoeconomic definition of value is very different from that found in previous studies. It was based on ratings obtained after the students participating had been told that their grades depended on their teamwork. Previous studies have used hypothetical ratings of value, but here the ratings were meaningful: there was a contingency placed on making a good decision, and that decision focused on creative teamwork. This investigation also tested the idea that originality and value are both required for creativity. Psychoeconomic theory not only offers an objective and behavioural index of value. It also offers predictions about the “social costs” of working in groups. To test these ideas individuals received two tests of divergent thinking, either while alone (no social cost), working in a small group (low cost), or working in a larger group (high cost). Social preferences were controlled, as was extraversion. Results indicate that fluency did not diminish when the social costs were present. Moreover, originality increased when participants worked in groups. Findings also demonstrated that value judgments can be reliably assessed and that the interaction of value and originality accounted for a significant amount of the variability in creativity ratings.
Investigation of Molten Salt Phase Formation during Alkali Roasting of Titaniferous Minerals with Sodium and Potassium Hydroxide
Authors: Parirenyatwa S. , Escudero-Castejon L. , Sanchez-Segado S. , Hara Y. , Jha A.
Published: February 2017

The benefit of alkali roasting over existing processes is that it minimises waste and energy consumption compared with the current methods for the beneficiation of titaniferous minerals. Previous studies on the liquid phase formation during alkali roasting of titaniferous minerals were based on the use of Na
Matched Behavioral and Neural Adaptations for Low Sound Level Echolocation in a Gleaning Bat,Antrozous pallidus
Authors: Measor Kevin R. , Leavell Brian C. , Brewton Dustin H. , Rumschlag Jeffrey , Barber Jesse R. , Razak Khaleel A.
Published: February 2017

In active sensing, animals make motor adjustments to match sensory inputs to specialized neural circuitry. Here, we describe an active sensing system for sound level processing. The pallid bat uses downward frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps as echolocation calls for general orientation and obstacle avoidance. The bat’s auditory cortex contains a region selective for these FM sweeps (FM sweep-selective region, FMSR). We show that the vast majority of FMSR neurons are sensitive and strongly selective for relatively low levels (30-60 dB SPL). Behavioral testing shows that when a flying bat approaches a target, it reduces output call levels to keep echo levels between ∼30 and 55 dB SPL. Thus, the pallid bat behaviorally matches echo levels to an optimized neural representation of sound levels. FMSR neurons are more selective for sound levels of FM sweeps than tones, suggesting that across-frequency integration enhances level tuning. Level-dependent timing of high-frequency sideband inhibition in the receptive field shapes increased level selectivity for FM sweeps. Together with previous studies, these data indicate that the same receptive field properties shape multiple filters (sweep direction, rate, and level) for FM sweeps, a sound common in multiple vocalizations, including human speech. The matched behavioral and neural adaptations for low-intensity echolocation in the pallid bat will facilitate foraging with reduced probability of acoustic detection by prey.
Synchronous Infra-Slow Bursting in the Mouse Accessory Olfactory Bulb Emerge from Interplay between Intrinsic Neuronal Dynamics and Network Connectivity
Authors: Zylbertal Asaph , Yarom Yosef , Wagner Shlomo
Published: February 2017

Rhythmic neuronal activity of multiple frequency bands has been described in many brain areas and attributed to numerous brain functions. Among these, little is known about the mechanism and role of infra-slow oscillations, which have been demonstrated recently in the mouse accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Along with prolonged responses to stimuli and distinct network connectivity, they inexplicably affect the AOB processing of social relevant stimuli. Here, we show that assemblies of AOB mitral cells are synchronized by lateral interactions through chemical and electrical synapses. Using a network model, we demonstrate that the synchronous oscillations in these assemblies emerge from interplay between intrinsic membrane properties and network connectivity. As a consequence, the AOB network topology, in which each mitral cell receives input from multiple glomeruli, enables integration of chemosensory stimuli over extended time scales by interglomerular synchrony of infra-slow bursting. These results provide a possible functional significance for the distinct AOB physiology and topology. Beyond the AOB, this study presents a general model for synchronous infra-slow bursting in neuronal networks.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInfra-slow rhythmic neuronal activity with a very long (>10 s) duration has been described in many brain areas, but little is known about the role of this activity and the mechanisms that produce it. Here, we combine experimental and computational methods to show that synchronous infra-slow bursting activity in mitral cells of the mouse accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) emerges from interplay between intracellular dynamics and network connectivity. In this novel mechanism, slow intracellular Na+dynamics endow AOB mitral cells with a weak tendency to burst, which is further enhanced and stabilized by chemical and electrical synapses between them. Combined with the unique topology of the AOB network, infra-slow bursting enables integration and binding of multiple chemosensory stimuli over a prolonged time scale.
Make Roanoke Queer Again
Authors: Rosenthal Gregory
Published: February 2017

This essay explores intersections among urban history, queer history, and public history in a gentrifying southern city. I show how queer cultures flourished in Roanoke, Virginia, in the 1960s and 1970s only to be displaced by a combination of police repression, urban planning, and gentrification starting in the late 1970s and 1980s. Seeking to “Make Roanoke Queer Again,” the Southwest Virginia LGBTQ+ History Project is a community-based history initiative committed to researching and interpreting the region’s LGBTQ history. This essay argues that queer community history projects can be a form of resistance to gentrification and a means to preserve our history from “queer erasure.”
GAMBARAN KEJADIAN DEPRESI PADA LANJUT USIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PETANG I KABUPATEN BADUNG BALI 2015
Authors: Prabhaswari Lindia , Putu Ariastuti Ni Luh
Published: February 2017

Depresi merupakan masalah kesehatan mental yang sering ditemukan pada lanjut usia (lansia). Terdapat berbagai faktor risiko yang dikaitkan dengan peningkatan kejadian depresi pada lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian depresi pada lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Petang I dan distribusinya berdasarkan karakteristik sosiodemografi lansia, sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan dalam pengembangan program kesehatan lansia di Puskesmas Petang I. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang melibatkan 90 lansia yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Petang I sebagai responden. Data mengenai karakteristik sosiodemografis diperoleh melalui wawancara terstruktur dengan kuesioner, sedangkan status depresi dinilai dengan menggunakan kuesioner GDS versi pendek. Data selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan bantuan program komputer. Pada penelitian ini, didapatkan 24,4% sampel mengalami depresi. Angka depresi pada lansia perempuan ditemukan lebih tinggi, terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan angka depresi seiring bertambahnya usia dan rendahnya tingkat pendidikan. Lansia yang berstatus tidak menikah atau tidak bekerja juga menunjukkan angka depresi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok lainnya. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah prevalensi depresi pada lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Petang I secara umum tergolong rendah, terutama pada lansia yang berusia lebih muda, berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berpendidikan tinggi, memiliki pasangan, dan masih bekerja.Â
KEANEKARAGAMAN FITOPLANKTON PADA PERAIRAN CALON SUAKA PERIKANAN DI WADUK KOTO PANJANG, RIAU
Authors: Sugianti Yayuk , Nastiti Adriani Sri , Krismono Krismono , Warsa Andri
Published: February 2017

Salah satu kriteria penting untuk menentukan suatu lokasi menjadi suaka perikanan agar dapat berfungsi sebagai sumber benih untuk meningkatkan produksi ikan adalah ketersediaan pakan alami seperti plantkon. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui komposisi, keanekaragaman, dan dominansi fitoplankton sebagai pakan alami ikan pada perairan calon suaka perikanan di Waduk Koto Panjang, Riau. Contoh diambil pada lima stasiun pengamatan pada bulan Maret, Juni, dan Desember 2007. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah komposisi dan kelimpahan, keanekaragaman, serta dominansi fitoplankton. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa di Waduk Koto Panjang, Riau ditemukan lima kelas fitoplankton yaitu Chlorophyceae (21 marga), Cyanophyceae (tiga marga), Bacillariophyceae (tujuh marga), Dinophyceae (tiga marga), dan Euglenophyceae (dua marga) dengan total kelimpahan fitoplankton 6,6x105 ind. per L. Total nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman selama pengamatan adalah 2,97, berarti bahwa kondisi lingkungan di Waduk Koto Panjang sangat baik dan tidak tercemar. Terdapat tiga marga fitoplankton yang mendominansi yaitu Cosmarium, Staurastrum, dan Peridinium dengan nilai dominansi kumulatif masing-masing sebesar 26,54: 23,92; dan 13,37%. One important criteria for selecting a site to be inland fishery reserve to increase fish seed production is the availability of natural food such as plankton.The objective of this study was to elucidate the composition, diversity, and dominancy of phytoplankton as natural food of fish in proposed site of inland fishery reserve of Koto Panjang Reservoir. The phytoplankton sample was taken in five stations at March, June, and December 2007. The Koto Panjang Reservoir had five classes of phytoplankton, namely Chlorophyceae (21 genus), Cyanophyceae (three genus), Bacillariophyceae (seven genus), Dinophyceae (three genus), and Euglenophyceae (two genus) with the total abundance of 6,6x105 ind. per L. Total index of diversity of phytoplankton was 2.97, meaning that the Koto Panjang Reservoir was still in a good condition and unpolluted yet. There were three genera of phytoplankton dominating in the Koto Panjang Reservoir, namely Cosmarium, Staurastrum, and Peridinium at a respective dominancy cumulative index value of 26.54%; 23.93; and 13.37.
PENDUGAAN STOK IKAN DI SUNGAI KAPUAS, KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Utomo Agus Djoko , Adjie Suslo
Published: February 2017

Sungai Kapuas, Kalimantan Barat mempunyai tipe ekosistem yang kompleks dan keanekaragaman jenis ikan tinggi. Sungai Kapuas ini sudah mendapat tekanan dari luar terutama dari pertanian, perkebunan, dan pertambangan. Akibatnya, beberapa jenis ikannya sudah mulai langka antara lain ringo (Datniodes quadrifsciatus), siluk (Scleropags formosus), belantau (Macrochirichthys macrochirus), dan kapas (Rohteichthys microlepis). Suatu kajian stok ikan dengan menggunakan metode akustik dilakukan pada bulan Juli dan Desember 2006 di Sungai Kapuas. Lokasi yang diambil adalah ruas Sungai Kapuas dari Pontianak ke hilir sampai Muara Jungkat, ruas Sungai Kapuas dan ruas anak sungainya sekitar Tayan, ruas anak sungai perairan banjiran di kawasan Sentarum dan satu buah danau sungai mati yaitu Danau Empangau. Untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis ikan, pengambilan contoh ikan dilakukan dan hasil tangkapan dicatat oleh enumerator. Stok ikan di hilir antara Pontianak dan Muara Jungkat adalah 1.847 ind./Ha, di Tayan pada sungai Kapuas dan anak sungainya masing-masing adalah 157 dan 403 ind./Ha, di kawasan Sentarum berkisar 1.087 - 1.634 ind./Ha, dan di Danau Empangau adalah 5.708 ind./Ha. Jenis ikan yang mendominansi di perairan antara Pontianak ke Muara Jungkat yaitu sengarat (Kryptopterus trichopterus) dan baung (Mystus nemurus), di Tayan yaitu kotol mulut (Amblyrhycnchichthys truncatus) dan kelabau (Osteochilus melanopleura), di kawasan Sentarum yaitu bauk (Labiobabrus spp.), sepat (Trichogaster trichopterus), dan toman (Channa micropeltes), serta di Danau Empangau yaitu entukan (Thynnichthys thynnoides), umpan (Puntius waandersii), dan biawan (Helostoma temminckii).  Kapuas River, West Kalimantan has various ecosystem types and high fish biodiversity. This river has been pressured by other sectors such as agriculture, plantation, and mining. Some of fish species such as ringo (Datniodes quadrifsciatus), siluk (Scleropags formosus), belantau (Macrochirichthys macrochirus), and kapas (Rohteichthys microlepis) endanger. A study on fish stock assessment using accoustic methods was done on July and December 2006 in Kapuas River. The locations selected in this study were down stream from Pontianak to Muara Jungkat, segment of Kapuas River and its tributary around Tayan area, in segment of Sentarum floodplains (Empangau oxbow lake). Average fish stock in downstream segment was 1,847 ind./Ha, around Tayan in main river and its tributary was 157 ind./Ha and 403, respectively, in Sentarum ranged 1,087 - 1,634 ind./Ha and in Empangau Lake was 5,708 ind./Ha. Fish species dominance from Pontianak to Muara Jungkat was sengarat (Kryptopterus sp.) and baung (Mystus nemurus), in Tayan was kotol mulut (Amblyrhycnchichthys truncatus) and kelabau (Osteochilusmelanopleura), in Sentarum was bauk (Labiobabrus spp.), sepat (Trichogaster trichopterus), and toman (Channa micropeltes), and in Empangau Lake were entukan (Thinnichthys thynnoides), umpan (Puntius waandersii), and biawan (Helostoma temminckii).
HASIL TANGKAPAN DAN ASPEK BIOLOGI UDANG KELONG (Penaeus sp.) DI PERAIRAN BARAT ACEH
Authors: Wedjatmiko Wedjatmiko
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini dilakukan yaitu pada bulan Agustus 2005 dan Agustus 2006 di perairan barat Aceh. Pengamatan difokuskan pada hasil tangkapan dan aspek biologi udang kelong (Penaeus sp.). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis jenis udang yang tertangkap di perairan barat Aceh diperoleh 20 spesies pada tahun 2005 dan 15 spesies pada tahun 2006. Jenis udang yang dominan tertangkap dan merupakan urutan pertama di perairan Aceh pada tahun 2005 adalah udang kelong, yaitu urutan pertama 36,1% dan kedua pada tahun 2006, yaitu 18,1%. setelah udang dogol (Metapenaeus ensis), 38,3%. Udang kelong yang tertangkap di perairan barat Aceh tergolong mempunyai ukuran yang cukup besar dengan ukuran dominan 14,5 cm untuk udang betina, dan ukuran 11,5 cm untuk ukuran udang kelong jantan. Rasio udang jantan dengan betina adalah 1:2,1 (tahun 2005) dan 1:2,9 (tahun 2006). Di perairan barat Aceh, udang kelong lebih banyak tertangkap di perairan sekitar Kota Meulaboh, pada posisi antara bujur 03°47,237' N-04°35,006' N sampai bujur 95°32,794' E 96o22,833' E. The research was conducted, on August, 2005 and August, 2006 in western Aceh waters (the same stasiun for two years).Observation was focused on population and biological aspect of udang kelong (Penaeus sp.). The Results show that there was 20 species of shrimps (2005) and 15 species (2006). Penaeus sp. a dominant species (36.08%) on 2005 and 18.11% on 2006. Dominant size of Penaeus sp. were caught in Aceh waters ranged 13.0 - 15.0 cm (female) and 11.0 - 12.0 cm (male) respectively. Sex ratio of male and female of Penaeus sp was 1:2.1 (2005) dan 1:2.9 (2006). Distribution of Penaeus sp. in Aceh waters was in araund Meulaboh waters, at position of latitudes 03°47,237' N- 04°35,006' N and longituds 95°32,794' E-96o22,833' E.