bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Novel Mechanism of CIDEB in Fatty Acid Synthesis Through ChIP-Seq and Functional Analysis in Dairy Goat
Authors: He Qiuya , Yao Weiwei , Wu Jiao , Xia Yingying , Lei Yuanmiao , Luo Jun
Published: October 2024

Goat milk is abundant in nutrients, particularly in milk fats, which confer health benefits to humans. Exploring the regulatory mechanism of fatty acid synthesis is highly important to understand milk composition manipulation. In this study, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) on goat mammary glands at different lactation stages which revealed a novel lactation regulatory factor: cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector B (CIDEB). RT-qPCR results revealed that CIDEB was significantly upregulated during lactation in dairy goats. CIDEB overexpression significantly increased the expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis (ACACA, SCD1, p < 0.05; ELOVL6, p < 0.01), lipid droplet formation (XDH, p < 0.05), and triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis (DGAT1, p < 0.05; GPAM, p < 0.01) in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). The contents of lipid droplets, TAG, and cholesterol were increased (p < 0.05) in CIDEB-overexpressing GMECs, and knockdown of CIDEB led to the opposite results. In addition, CIDEB knockdown significantly decreased the proportion of C16:0 and total C18:2. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) promoted CIDEB transcription via XBP1 binding sites located in the CIDEB promoter. Furthermore, CIDEB knockdown attenuated the stimulatory effect of XBP1 on lipid droplet accumulation. Collectively, these findings elucidate the critical regulatory roles of CIDEB in milk fat synthesis, thus providing new insights into improving the quality of goat milk.
GhASHH1.A and GhASHH2.A Improve Tolerance to High and Low Temperatures and Accelerate the Flowering Response to Temperature in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Ju Jisheng , Yang Junning , Wei Jiazhi , Yuan Wenmin , Li Ying , Li Dandan , Ling Pingjie , Ma Qi , Wang Caixiang , Dai Maohua , Su Junji
Published: October 2024

The trithorax group (TrxG) complex is an important protein in the regulation of plant histone methylation. The ABSENT, SMALL, OR HOMEOTIC DISCS 1 (ASH1) gene family, as important family members of the TrxG complex, has been shown to regulate tolerance to abiotic stress and growth and development in many plants. In this study, we identified nine GhASH1s in upland cotton. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that GhASH1s contain a variety of cis-acting elements related to stress resistance and growth and development. The transcriptome expression profiles revealed that GhASHH1.A and GhASHH2.A genes expression were upregulated in flower organs and in response to external temperature stress. The results of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) indicated that GhASHH1.A and GhASHH2.A genes silencing reduced the ability of cotton to adapt to temperature stress and delayed the development of the flowering phenotype. We also showed that the silencing of these two target genes did not induce early flowering at high temperature (32 °C), suggesting that GhASHH1.A and GhASHH2.A might regulate cotton flowering in response to temperature. These findings provide genetic resources for future breeding of early-maturing and temperature-stress-tolerant cotton varieties.
Genome-Wide Identification of the Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channel Gene Family and Expression Profiles Under Low-Temperature Stress in Luffa cylindrica L.
Authors: Liu Jianting , Wang Yuqian , Peng Lijuan , Chen Mindong , Ye Xinru , Li Yongping , Li Zuliang , Wen Qingfang , Zhu Haisheng
Published: October 2024

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) are cell membrane channel proteins for calcium ions. They have been reported to play important roles in survival and in the responses to environmental factors in various plants. However, little is known about the CNGC family and its functions in luffa (Luffa cylindrica L.). In this study, a bioinformatics-based method was used to identify members of the CNGC gene family in L. cylindrica. In total, 20 LcCNGCs were detected, and they were grouped into five subfamilies (I, II, Ⅲ, IV-a, and IV-b) in a phylogenetic analysis with CNGCs from Arabidopsis thaliana (20 AtCNGCs) and Momordica charantia (17 McCNGCs). The 20 LcCNGC genes were unevenly distributed on 11 of the 13 chromosomes in luffa, with none on Chromosomes 1 and 5. The members of each subfamily encoded proteins with highly conserved functional domains. An evolutionary analysis of CNGCs in luffa revealed three gene losses and a motif deletion. An examination of gene replication events during evolution indicated that two tandemly duplicated gene pairs were the primary driving force behind the evolution of the LcCNGC gene family. PlantCARE analyses of the LcCNGC promoter regions revealed various cis-regulatory elements, including those responsive to plant hormones (abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid) and abiotic stresses (light, drought, and low temperature). The presence of these cis-acting elements suggested that the encoded CNGC proteins may be involved in stress responses, as well as growth and development. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of LcCNGCs in various plant parts (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit) and the upregulation of some LcCNGCs under low-temperature stress. To confirm the accuracy of the RNA-seq data, 10 cold-responsive LcCNGC genes were selected for verification by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Under cold conditions, LcCNGC4 was highly upregulated (>50-fold increase in its transcript levels), and LcCNGC3, LcCNGC6, and LcCNGC13 were upregulated approximately 10-fold. Our findings provide new information about the evolution of the CNGC family in L. cylindrica and provide insights into the functions of the encoded CNGC proteins.
A Novel Biosynthetic Strategy for Ginsenoside Ro: Construction of a Metabolically Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Using a Newly Identified UGAT Gene from Panax ginseng as the Key Enzyme Gene and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions
Authors: Yu Xiaochen , Yu Jinghui , Wang Dinghui , Liu Sizhang , Wang Kangyu , Zhao Mingzhu , Chen Ping , Wang Yanfang , Wang Yi , Zhang Meiping
Published: October 2024

Ginsenoside Ro, as one of the few oleanane-type ginsenosides, is well known for its unique molecular structure and biological activities. Currently, research on the biosynthesis of ginsenoside Ro is still in its early stages. Therefore, the establishment of a new ginsenoside Ro cell factory is of great significance for the in-depth development and utilization of genes related to ginsenoside Ro synthesis, as well as for the exploration of pathways to obtain ginsenoside Ro. In this study, we cloned endogenous constitutive promoters, terminators, and other genetic elements from S. cerevisiae BY4741. These elements were then sequentially assembled with the uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid transferase gene identified in our previously study (PgUGAT252645) and several other reported key enzyme genes, to construct DNA fragments used for integration into the genome of S. cerevisiae BY4741. By sequentially transferring these DNA fragments into chemically competent cells of engineering strains and conducting screening and target product detection, we successfully constructed an engineered S. cerevisiae strain (BY-Ro) for ginsenoside Ro biosynthesis using S. cerevisiae BY4741 as the host cell. Strain BY-Ro produced 253.32 μg/L of ginsenoside Ro under optimal fermentation conditions. According to subsequent measurements and calculations, this equates to 0.033 mg/g DCW, corresponding to approximately 31% of the ginsenoside Ro content found in plant samples. This study not only included a deeper investigation into the function of PgUGAT252645 but also provides a novel engineering platform for ginsenoside Ro biosynthesis.
New Evidence for the Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Inflammation in Stress-Associated Depression: A Gene-Environment Analysis Covering 19,296 Genes in 109,360 Humans
Authors: Gal Zsofia , Torok Dora , Gonda Xenia , Eszlari Nora , Anderson Ian Muir , Deakin Bill , Petschner Peter , Juhasz Gabriella , Bagdy Gyorgy
Published: October 2024

Mounting evidence supports the key role of the disrupted integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in stress- and inflammation-associated depression. We assumed that variations in genes regulating the expression and coding proteins constructing and maintaining this barrier, along with those involved in inflammation, have a predisposing or protecting role in the development of depressive symptoms after experiencing severe stress. To prove this, genome-by-environment (GxE) interaction analyses were conducted on 6.26 M SNPS covering 19,296 genes on PHQ9 depression in interaction with adult traumatic events scores in the UK Biobank (n = 109,360) in a hypothesis-free setup. Among the 63 genes that were significant in stress-connected depression, 17 were associated with BBB, 23 with inflammatory processes, and 4 with neuroticism. Compared to all genes, the enrichment of significant BBB-associated hits was 3.82, and those of inflammation-associated hits were 1.59. Besides some sex differences, CSMD1 and PTPRD, encoding proteins taking part in BBB integrity, were the most significant hits in both males and females. In conclusion, the identified risk genes and their encoded proteins could provide biomarkers or new drug targets to promote BBB integrity and thus prevent or decrease stress- and inflammation-associated depressive symptoms, and possibly infection, e.g., COVID-19-associated mental and neurological symptoms.
Corrosion-Resistant Polymer Composite Tubes with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity for Heat Exchangers
Authors: Imholze Jan-Hendrik , Glade Heike
Published: October 2024

The heat transfer surfaces of heat exchangers are usually made of metals which may suffer from severe corrosion. When corrosive fluids are present, highly corrosion-resistant metals, graphite or ceramics are used, resulting in high costs. This study presents measured data on the thermophysical and mechanical properties of recently developed corrosion-resistant polymer composite tubes for use in heat exchangers. Extruded polymer composite tubes based on polypropylene or polyphenylene sulfide filled with graphite flakes were investigated. The anisotropic thermal conductivities of the polymer composite tubes were measured at various temperatures. The through-wall thermal conductivity of the tubes made of polypropylene filled with 50 vol.% graphite is increased by a factor of 30 compared to pure polypropylene, resulting in a thermal conductivity of 6.5 W/(m K) at 25 °C. The tubes composed of polyphenylene sulfide filled with 50 vol.% graphite have a through-wall thermal conductivity of 4.5 W/(m K) at 25 °C. The mechanical properties of the polymer composites were measured using tensile and flexural tests at different temperatures. The composite materials are more rigid and keep their mechanical properties up to a higher temperature level compared to the unfilled polymers. Surface roughness measurements show the very smooth and sealed surface of the composite tubes. The results contribute to establishing the viability of using polymer composites for heat exchanger applications with corrosive fluids.
Acute Effect of Fixed vs. Self-Selected Rest Interval Between Sets on Physiological and Performance-Related Responses
Authors: Alonso-Aubin Diego A. , Hernández-Lougedo Juan , Cavero-Haro Alberto , Martínez-Guardado Ismael
Published: October 2024

Background: Although the comparison between self-managed rest and fixed rest periods in subjects experienced in lower-limb strength training has been investigated, the results remain unclear due to controversies among some studies. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the role of self-managed rest versus fixed rest in athletic performance, mean propulsive velocity, velocity loss, muscle oxygen saturation, and rest time in trained subjects; Methods: Thirteen subjects with a minimum of one year of training experience (age (years): 26.31 ± 3.84; height (cm): 175.46 ± 5.61; weight (kg): 79.24 ± 6.83) were randomly assigned to two groups (self-selected rest group [SR] = 7 and fixed rest group [FR] = 6). The subjects underwent a session for evaluation (one maximum repetition (1RM) estimation, familiarization, and data collection) and another day for a traditional strength training session for the back squat, consisting of five sets of four repetitions at 80% of 1RM. One group took a fixed 2 min break, while the other group managed their breaks autonomously (resuming when they felt ready to perform the next set at maximum velocity). Mean propulsive velocity (MPV) was monitored using a linear position transducer, and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) was measured with a near-infrared spectroscopy device; Results: Significant differences between the groups were found for the rest time between the first and second sets (SR 97.29 ± 23.70 seg vs. FR 120 ± 0.00 seg). However, no differences were found for MPV, velocity loss, or SmO2; Conclusions: Given the similarities in performance and physiological outcomes between fixed and self-selected rest conditions, both can be used equally depending on the preferences and training goals of coaches and athletes.
Vortex-Induced Vibration Performance Analysis of Long-Span Sea-Crossing Bridges Using Unsupervised Clustering
Authors: Chen Tao , Wu Yi-Lun , Yang Xiao-Mei , Yang Shu-Han
Published: October 2024

Vortex-induced vibration is a type of wind-induced vibration occurring frequently in large-span sea-crossing bridges under relatively low wind speeds, posing a threat to the structural fatigue performance and driving comfort. Identifying the instantaneous occurrence moments of vortex-induced vibration is a prerequisite for establishing a data-driven prediction model for vortex-induced vibration, and it is of great significance for the monitoring and early warning of vortex-induced vibration performance in bridges. To automatically detect the occurrence moments of vortex-induced vibration and establish a correlation model between vortex-induced vibration amplitude and environmental factors, this study proposes a fuzzy C-means clustering-based classification method. In order to detect the occurrence moments of vortex-induced vibration more finely, only short-term or even instantaneous structural vibration indicators were selected and transformed for distribution as clustering features. The entire detection process could be carried out unsupervised, reducing the manual cost of obtaining vortex-induced vibration information from massive monitoring data. Finally, actual vortex-induced vibration test data from a certain overseas bridge was utilized to verify the feasibility of this method. Based on the classification results, the correlation between vortex-induced vibration amplitude and environmental variables was determined, providing valuable guidance for predicting vortex-induced vibration amplitudes.
The Outcomes at 3 Years in 82 Knees with Kellgren and Lawrence 2–3 Osteoarthritis Treated with an Autologous Protein Fluid Concentrate Produced with a Fluid Volume Reducer
Authors: Sheinkop Mitchell , Langhenry Mary , Abd-Elsayed Alaa
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition with significant emotional and economic impacts. Current treatment options may only provide temporary pain relief and are not regenerative, thus the progression of knee OA is not deterred and total knee arthroplasty is inevitable. Injection therapies with orthobiologics possess regenerative potential and are an emerging treatment option. We present a prospective study aimed at examining patients with knee OA who had received an autologous platelet concentrate fluid (APCF) injection produced through a fluid volume reducer. Methods: This was an observational review of the results following an APCF injection in a cohort of patients at a single site. Patients were included in the study if they were diagnosed with K/L grade 2–3 knee OA and treated with an APCF knee injection. Patients were excluded if they had obtained an orthobiologic injection in the three months prior to study enrollment or if baseline data were unavailable. Knee score and function score were used to assess patients at the baseline and post-injection follow-ups. Results: Improvements for knee score were statistically significant for the follow-ups at three months, six months, one year, and three years. Function score improved, with statistically significant changes for the three month and three year follow-ups. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that there is some utility in using APCF injection for knee OA, with improvements that may be sustained up to three years in some patients.
Evidence of the Long-Term Protective Effect of Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: A Predictive Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Hao Zikang , Zhang Xianliang , Wang Yu
Published: October 2024

Objective: To investigate the effects of different intensities of physical activity (PA) on cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly individuals, and to predict future trends in cognitive ability using longitudinal data to assess the long-term role of PA in cognitive preservation. Methods: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were utilized. Mixed-effects models were employed to analyze the impacts of low-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), and vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) on overall cognition, episodic memory, and mental intactness. Random forest and XGBoost machine learning methods were employed to further validate the effects of PA. ARIMA models predicted future cognitive trends under the influence of PA. Results: MPA demonstrated significant advantages in preserving cognitive function, particularly in overall cognition and episodic memory. While LPA had some protective effects, they were less significant than those of MPA, and VPA did not show advantages. Machine learning methods confirmed these findings. ARIMA model predictions indicated that the protective effects of MPA on cognitive function are likely to persist in the future. Conclusions: Moderate-intensity physical activity is associated with the preservation of cognitive ability in middle-aged and elderly individuals and may continue to provide this benefit in the future; however, further in-depth research is needed for confirmation.
Synergistic Effects of Polypropylene Fibers and Silica Fume on Structural Lightweight Concrete: Analysis of Workability, Thermal Conductivity, and Strength Properties
Authors: Akbulut Zehra Funda , Kuzielová Eva , Tawfik Taher A. , Smarzewski Piotr , Guler Soner
Published: October 2024

Structural lightweight concrete (SLWC) is crucial for reducing building weight, reducing structural loads, and enhancing energy efficiency through lower thermal conductivity. This study explores the effects of incorporating silica fume (SF), micro-polypropylene (micro-PP), and macro-PP fibers on the workability, thermal properties, and strength of SLWC. SF was added to all mixtures, substituting 10% of the Portland cement (PC), except for the control mixture. Macro-PP fibers were introduced alone or in combination with micro-PP fibers at volumetric ratios of 0.3% and 0.6%. The study evaluated various parameters, including slump, Vebe time, density, water absorption (WA), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), thermal conductivity coefficients (k), compressive strength (CS), and splitting tensile strength (STS) across six different SLWC formulations. The results indicate that while SF negatively impacted the workability of SLWC mortars, it improved CS and STS due to the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gels from SF’s high pozzolanic activity. Additionally, using micro-PP fibers in combination with macro-PP fibers rather than solely macro-PP fibers enhanced the workability, CS, and STS of the SLWC samples. Although SF had a minor effect on reducing thermal conductivity, the use of macro-PP fibers alone was more effective for improving thermal properties by creating a more porous structure compared to the hybrid use of micro-PP fibers. Moreover, increasing the ratio of micro- and macro-PP fibers from 0.3% to 0.6% resulted in lower CS values but a significant increase in STS values.
Post-Buckling Response of Carbon/Epoxy Laminates with Delamination under Quasi-Static Compression: Experiments and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Xia Fei , Wang Zikun , Wang Yi , Liu Heqing , Xue Jianghong
Published: October 2024

Delamination is a common type of damage in composite laminates that can significantly affect the integrity and stability of structural components. This study investigates the post-buckling behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composite laminates with embedded delamination under quasi-static compression. Experimental tests were conducted using an electronic universal material testing machine to measure deformation and load-bearing capacity in the post-buckling stage. The specimens, prepared from T300 carbon fiber and TDE-85 epoxy resin prepreg, were subjected to axial compressive loads with delamination simulated by embedding Teflon films. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed using ABAQUS software, incorporating a four-part model to simulate delaminated structures, with results validated against experimental data through comprehensive convergence analysis. The findings reveal that increasing delamination depth and length decrease overall stiffness, leading to an earlier onset of buckling. Structural instability was observed to vary with the size of delamination, while the post-buckling deformation mode consistently exhibited a half-wave pattern. This research underscores the critical impact of delamination on the structural integrity and load-bearing performance of composite laminates, providing essential insights for developing more effective design strategies and reliability assessments in engineering applications.
Impacts of Waste Rubber Products on the Structure and Properties of Modified Asphalt Binder: Part II—Rubber Reclaim
Authors: Obukhova Svetlana , Budkina Angelina , Korolev Evgeny , Gladkikh Vitaly
Published: October 2024

The issue of forming a reliable and stable structure of a crumb-rubber-modified binder is an important scientific and technical task. The authors supplemented existing concepts of the mechanism of effective interaction with rubber crumb by introducing a preliminary first stage: controlled partial physical destruction of rubber crumb—producing rubber reclaim. Proposed physical methods of rubber crumb destruction include high shear force (roll mills), high temperature, and a plasticizing medium. The controllability and degree of devulcanization of rubber were determined by acetone-chloroform extraction in different time intervals. The degree of devulcanization of rubber in the rubber reclaim was found to be 22 ± 0.24%, with stability over 14 days. It was found that the size of the particles of the rubber reclaim in the bitumen is less than 2 µm. The properties of the structure of the binder modified with rubber reclaim, characterizing the stability and sustainability, have been studied and established. The developed modified binders are stable in storage. Rheological parameters of the structure characterizing intermolecular interaction, such as shear stability for original and RTFOT-aged, modified bitumen, meet requirements of the state standard at test temperature 64 °C. The elastic structural component of the crumb-rubber-modified binder, as indicated by the relative irreversible deformation parameter J3,2, does not exceed 2.6 kPa (<4.5 kPa) at 64 °C. Additionally, it was determined that the rheological structural parameter for fatigue resistance, which characterizes the durability of road pavement under intensive operational conditions, does not exceed 4699 kPa (<5000 kPa) at 16 °C. The use of 10% rubber reclaim combined with waste frying oil provided the opportunity to obtain a modified binder with a stable and sustainable structure without the introduction of additional stabilizers and agents. Test results showed that the overall performance characteristics of the modified binder meet the 64(S)-40 grade standards.
Assessment of Various Mitigation Strategies of Alkali-Silica Reactions in Concrete Using Accelerated Mortar Test
Authors: Almakrab Abdullah , Elshazli Mohamed T. , Ibrahim Ahmed , Khalifa Yasser A.
Published: October 2024

The widespread use of reinforced concrete continues to face challenges, particularly in mitigating alkali-silica reaction (ASR), due to its detrimental effects on concrete strength and durability. This paper investigates the effectiveness of using binary supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in mitigating ASR by incorporating metakaolin (MK) and waste glass powder (GP) as partial replacements for cement. Additionally, the potential of a new cement product, “NewCem Plus” (NCM), along with the use of basalt fibers and lithium, was evaluated through a 14-day accelerated mortar bar test following the ASTM C1260. This study also assessed concrete’s properties such as its compressive strength and workability using the flow test. The results indicated that MK was effective, reducing expansion by 79%, 84%, and 88% with 10%, 20%, and 30% cement replacement, respectively, compared to the control mixture. On the other hand, GP showed a more modest reduction in expansion, with 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement levels reducing expansion by 20%, 43%, and 75%, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of lithium to MK significantly mitigated ASR, reducing expansion below the ASTM threshold. However, mixtures containing NewCem Plus, lithium, and basalt fibers showed minimal impact on ASR reduction. These findings underscore the viability of using binary or ternary blends of SCMs to mitigate ASR in concrete, encouraging their adoption in future concrete applications.
Recycled PET Fibers with Dopamine Surface Modification for Enhanced Interlayer Adhesion in 3D Printed Concrete
Authors: Yu Ke-Ke , Zhao Tai-Qi , Luo Qi-Ling , Ping Yang
Published: October 2024

Three-dimensional printed concrete (3DPC) is increasingly recognized in the construction industry for its high design flexibility and the elimination of conventional formwork. However, weak interlayer adhesion remains a significant challenge. The potential of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers for reinforcing 3DPC is being explored, driven by their environmental sustainability and economic advantages. However, there is an inadequate interfacial adhesion between these recycled fibers and the 3DPC matrix. This study investigated the use of dopamine modification to address this issue and enhance the interlayer adhesion of fiber-reinforced 3DPC. Recycled PET fibers were surface-modified using dopamine treatment, forming a polydopamine (PDA) film that improved surface roughness and hydrophilicity. Both unmodified and modified fibers were incorporated into 3DPC at various volume fractions (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%). The effects on interlayer adhesion strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength were systematically evaluated and compared. The results showed that the inclusion of 0.3 vol% dopamine-modified fibers resulted in a 22.5% increase in interlayer adhesion strength compared to the control group, and a 14.8% improvement over unmodified fibers at the same content. Additionally, the compressive strength and flexural strength of 3DPC with 0.3 vol% MPET fibers increased by 22.5% and 27.6%, respectively, compared to the control group. Microstructural analysis using SEM and XRD revealed that the dopamine modification significantly improved the interfacial adhesion between fibers and the concrete matrix, explaining the superior performance of modified fibers. This study demonstrates that recycled PET fibers modified with dopamine can effectively enhance the interlayer adhesion of 3DPC. The findings affirm that surface modification techniques can significantly elevate the utility of recycled PET fibers in 3DPC, contributing to the sustainable advancement of construction materials.
Antioxidative and Anti-Atopic Dermatitis Effects of Peptides Derived from Hydrolyzed Sebastes schlegelii Tail By-Products
Authors: Lee Sung-Gyu , Hwang Jin-Woo , Kang Hyun
Published: October 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder associated with significant morbidity, including pruritus, recurrent skin lesions, and immune dysregulation. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative and anti-AD effects of peptides derived from hydrolyzed Sebastes schlegelii (Korea rockfish) tail by-products. Hydrolysates were prepared using various enzymes, including Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase, and Protamex. Among them, Protamex hydrolysates demonstrated the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity with an RC50 value of 69.69 ± 0.41 µg/mL. Peptides were further isolated from the Protamex hydrolysate using dialysis, fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The most active peptide, STPO-B-II, exhibited a single peak and was identified as a sequence of Glu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Thr-Trp-His-Asp-Met-Lys, designated as MP003. In vivo experiments were conducted using a 2,4-dinitrochlorbenzene (DNCB)-induced AD model in NC/Nga mice. The isolated peptide, MP003, showed significantly reduced AD symptoms, including erythema, lichenification, and collagen deposition. Additionally, MP003 decreased epidermal and dermal thickness, eosinophil, and mast cell infiltration and downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IgE in serum and skin tissues. These findings suggest that peptides derived from Sebastes schlegelii tail by-products may serve as potential therapeutic agents for AD.
Napabucasin Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Glioblastoma Cells (U87) by Regulating JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ünlü İlker , Özdemir İlhan , Tuncer Mehmet Cudi
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Napabucasin (NP) was discovered as a natural compound that suppresses cancer stemness by inhibiting the signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. In this study, the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of NP and the chemotherapy agent doxorubicin (DX), a natural compound, on glioblastoma cells (U87) were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effects of NP and DX on cell viability on the glioblastoma U87 cell line were determined by MTT test. Expressions of Jak2/Stat3 genes were examined by qRT-PCR. Apoptosis was evaluated by Hoescht 33258 staining. Moreover, NP, its antagonistic–synergistic effects and IC50 doses of the combined treatment of DX were determined. Results: Napabucacin and doxorubicin were found to inhibit glioblastoma U87 cell proliferation. It was determined that NP applied in the range of 0.3–1 µM and its combination with DX killed almost all of the glioblastoma cells in 48 h of application. Additionally, it was observed that Jak2/Stat3 expressions downregulated. Conclusions: These results show that NP suppresses the proliferation of glioblastoma cells. It was shown that the combination of NP and DX can prevent invasion of the U87 cell line due to its Jak2/Stat3 inhibitory effect. Since it can suppress Jak2/Stat3, an important cancer cell proliferation pathway in glioblastoma, the combination of NP and DX can be used as an alternative treatment agent. But no synergistic effect of NP and DX on the U87 cells of the glioblastoma cell line was observed.
Machine Learning Algorithm-Aided Determination of Predictors of Mortality from Diabetic Foot Sepsis at a Regional Hospital in South Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Matsinhe Carlos , Kagodora Shingirai Brenda , Mukheli Tshifhiwa , Mokoena Tshepo Polly , Malebati William Khabe , Moeng Maeyane Stephens , Luvhengo Thifhelimbilu Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Diabetic foot sepsis (DFS) accounts for approximately 60% of hospital admissions in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Individuals with DM are at risk of severe COVID-19. This study investigated factors associated with major amputation and mortality in patients admitted with DFS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Demographic information, COVID-19 and HIV status, clinical findings, laboratory results, treatment and outcome from records of patients with diabetic foot sepsis, were collected and analysed. Supervised machine learning algorithms were used to compare their ability to predict mortality due to diabetic foot sepsis. Results: Overall, 114 records were found and 57.9% (66/114) were of male patients. The mean age of the patients was 55.7 (14) years and 47.4% (54/114) and 36% (41/114) tested positive for COVID-19 and HIV, respectively. The median c-reactive protein was 168 mg/dl, urea 7.8 mmol/L and creatinine 92 µmol/L. The mean potassium level was 4.8 ± 0.9 mmol, and glycosylated haemoglobin 11.2 ± 3%. The main outcomes included major amputation in 69.3% (79/114) and mortality of 37.7% (43/114) died. AI. The levels of potassium, urea, creatinine and HbA1c were significantly higher in the deceased. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in the rate of major amputation and mortality in patients with DFS. The in-hospital mortality was higher in patients above 60 years of age who tested positive for COVID-19. The Random Forest algorithm of ML can be highly effective in predicting major amputation and death in patients with DFS.
Factors Associated with Postoperative Complications After Congenital Duodenal Obstruction Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Moga Andreea , Bălănescu Radu , Bălănescu Laura , Cîmpeanu Patricia , Andriescu Mircea , Vasile Mirela Elena , Caragata Ruxandra
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Duodenal atresia and stenosis are common causes of intestinal obstruction. Associated anomalies significantly influence early postoperative mortality, while postoperative complications impact long-term survival. Materials and Methods: Over a 13-year period from January 2010 to August 2023, a total of 74 infants and children with congenital duodenal obstruction were treated at “Grigore Alexandrescu” Children’s Emergency Hospital and met the inclusion criteria. All patients diagnosed with duodenal obstruction (both instrinsic and extrinsic causes) were included. Analysed data included congenital anomalies, Apgar scores, birth weights, surgical techniques, and complications. Results: The associated anomalies included cardiac (n = 33), Down syndrome (n = 13), neurological (n = 11), pulmonary (n = 7), renal (n = 4), skeletal (n = 1), and gastrointestinal and hepatobiliopancreatic anomalies (n = 25). In total, 12 patients experienced perioperative ventilation problems. Early postoperative complications (within 30 days) occurred in 21 patients, while 6 had late postoperative complications (after 30 days). Among non-surgical complications, we noted ventilation problems, sepsis (n = 7), and pneumothorax (n = 1). Surgical complications included adhesive bowel obstruction (n = 7), incisional hernia (n = 3), peritonitis (n = 3), dysfunctional duodenoduodenostomy or duodenojejunostomy (n = 3), pneumoperitoneum (n = 5), enteric fistula (n = 3), and volvulus (n = 4). Conclusions: Surprisingly, this retrospective study revealed that an Apgar score below 8, along with neurological and pulmonary abnormalities, is associated with postoperative complications. Conversely, other congenital anomalies, low birth weight, and age at admission do not serve as prognostic factors.
Experience of Hereditary Amyloidosis with Rare Variant in Ecuador: Case Reports
Authors: Luzuriaga Carpio Diana Elizabeth , Abrigo Maldonado Borys Roberto , Villacorta Humberto
Published: October 2024

More than approximately 120 transthyretin mutations are known. Their clinical presentation is heterogeneous, as the course of disease onset depends on genetic variation and level of penetrance. They are little known in Ecuador, and some of the reported cases suggest—given analysis of family trees—that they come from a province that is possibly considered endemic. The main objective of this study is to perform a descriptive observational analysis on the presentation of transthyretin amyloidosis in families carrying the p.Ser43Asn gene of the identified index case.
Miniaturized Pathogen Detection System Using Magnetic Nanoparticles and Microfluidics Technology
Authors: Garlan Benjamin , Rabehi Amine , Ngo Kieu , Neveu Sophie , Askari Moghadam Reza , Kokabi Hamid
Published: October 2024

Rapid detection of a biological agent is essential to anticipate a threat to the protection of biodiversity and ecosystems. Our goal is to miniaturize a magnetic pathogen detection system in order to fabricate an efficient and portable system. The detection device is based on flat, multilayer coils associated with microfluidic structures to detect magnetic nanoparticles linked to pathogen agents. One type of immunological diagnosis is based on the measurement of the magnetic sensitivity of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which are markers connected to pathogens. This method of analysis involves the coupling of antibodies or antigen proteins with MNPs. Among the available magnetic techniques, the frequency mixing method has a definite advantage by making it possible to quantify MNPs. An external magnetic field composed of a low- and a high-frequency field is applied to the sample reservoir. Then, the response signal is measured and analyzed. In this paper, magnetic microcoils are implemented on a multilayer Printed Circuit Board (PCB), and a microfluidics microstructure is designed in connection with the planar coils. Simulation software, COMSOL version 5.3, provides an analytical perspective to choose the number of turns in magnetic coils and to understand the effects of changing the shape and dimensions of the microfluidics microstructure.
Investigation on the Machinability of Polycrystalline ZnS by Micro-Laser-Assisted Diamond Cutting
Authors: Luo Haoqi , Wang Xue , Qin Lin , Zhao Hongxin , Zhu Deqing , Ma Shanyi , Zhang Jianguo , Xiao Junfeng
Published: October 2024

Polycrystalline ZnS is a typical infrared optical material. It is widely used in advanced optical systems due to its excellent optical properties. The machining accuracy of polycrystalline ZnS optical elements must satisfy the requirements of high-performance system development. However, the soft and brittle nature of the material poses a challenge for high-quality and efficient machining. In recent years, in situ laser-assisted diamond cutting has been proven to be an effective method for ultra-precision cutting of brittle materials. In this study, the mechanism of in situ laser-assisted cutting on ultra-precision cutting machinability enhancement of ZnS was investigated. Firstly, the physical properties of ZnS were characterized by high-temperature nanoindentation experiments. The result revealed an increase in ductile machinability of ZnS due to plastic deformation and a decrease in microhardness and Young’s modulus at high temperatures. It provided a fundamental theory for the ductile–brittle transition of ZnS. Subsequently, a series of diamond-cutting experiments were carried out to study the removal mechanism of ZnS during in situ laser-assisted cutting. It was found that the mass damage initiation depth groove generated by in situ laser-assisted cutting increased by 57.99% compared to the groove generated by ordinary cutting. It was found that micron-sized pits were suppressed under in situ laser-assisted cutting. The main damage form of HIP-ZnS was changed from flake spalling and pits to radial cleavage cracks. Additionally, the laser can suppress the removal mode difference of different grain crystallographic and ensure the ductile region processing. Finally, planning cutting experiments were carried out to verify that a smooth and uniform surface with Sa of 3.607 nm was achieved at a laser power of 20 W, which was 73.58% better than normal cutting. The main components of roughness were grain boundary steps and submicron pit. This study provides a promising method for ultra-precision cutting of ZnS.
Syn-Propanethial S-Oxide as an Available Natural Building Block for the Preparation of Nitro-Functionalized, Sulfur-Containing Five-Membered Heterocycles: An MEDT Study
Authors: Sadowski Mikołaj , Dresler Ewa , Zawadzińska Karolina , Wróblewska Aneta , Jasiński Radomir
Published: October 2024

The regio- and stereoselectivity and the molecular mechanisms of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between Syn-propanethial S-oxide and selected conjugated nitroalkenes were explored theoretically in the framework of the Molecular Electron Density Theory. It was found that cycloadditions with the participation of nitroethene as well as its methyl- and chloro-substituted analogs can be realized via a single-step mechanism. On the other hand, [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between Syn-propanethial S-oxide and 1,1-dinitroethene can proceed according to a stepwise mechanism with a zwitterionic intermediate. Finally, we evaluated the affinity of model reaction products for several target proteins: cytochrome P450 14α-sterol demethylase CYP51 (RSCB Database PDB ID: 1EA1), metalloproteinase gelatinase B (MMP-9; PDB ID: 4XCT), and the inhibitors of cyclooxygenase COX-1 (PDB:3KK6) and COX-2 (PDB:5KIR).
Vacuum-Assisted MonoTrapTM Extraction for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Profiling from Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Dugheri Stefano , Cappelli Giovanni , Fanfani Niccolò , Squillaci Donato , Rapi Ilaria , Venturini Lorenzo , Vita Chiara , Gori Riccardo , Sirini Piero , Cipriano Domenico , Sajewicz Mieczyslaw , Mucci Nicola
Published: October 2024

MonoTrapTM was introduced in 2009 as a novel miniaturized configuration for sorptive sampling. The method for the characterization of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission profiles from hot mix asphalt (HMA) consisted of a two-step procedure: the analytes, initially adsorbed into the coating in no vacuum- or vacuum-assistance mode, were then analyzed following an automated thermal desorption (TD) step. We took advantage of the theoretical formulation to reach some conclusions on the relationship between the physical characteristics of the monolithic material and uptake rates. A total of 35 odor-active volatile compounds, determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry analysis, contributed as key odor compounds for HMA, consisting mainly of aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones. Chemometric analysis revealed that MonoTrapTM RGC18-TD was the better coating in terms of peak area and equilibrium time. A comparison of performance showed that Vac/no-Vac ratios increased, about an order of magnitude, as the boiling point of target analytes increased. The innovative hybrid adsorbent of silica and graphite carbon monolith technology, having a large surface area bonded with octadecylsilane, showed effective adsorption capability, especially to polar compounds.
Crosslinked Biodegradable Hybrid Hydrogels Based on Poly(ethylene glycol) and Gelatin for Drug Controlled Release
Authors: Zhao Zhenzhen , Qin Zihao , Zhao Tianqing , Li Yuanyuan , Hou Zhaosheng , Hu Hui , Su Xiaofang , Gao Yanan
Published: October 2024

A series of hybrid hydrogels of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were synthesized using gelatin as a crosslinker and investigated for controlled delivery of the first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, Cefazedone sodium (CFD). A commercially available 4-arm-PEG–OH was first modified to obtain four-arm-PEG–succinimidyl glutarate (4-arm-PEG–SG), which formed the gelatin–PEG composite hydrogels (SnNm) through crosslinking with gelatin. To regulate the drug delivery, SnNm hydrogels with various solid contents and crosslinking degrees were prepared. The effect of solid contents and crosslinking degrees on the thermal, mechanical, swelling, degradation, and drug release properties of the hydrogels were intensively investigated. The results revealed that increasing the crosslinking degree and solid content of SnNm could not only enhance the thermal stability, swelling ratio (SR), and compression resistance capacity of SnNm but also prolong the degradation and drug release times. The release kinetics of the SnNm hydrogels were found to follow the first-order model, suggesting that the transport rate of CFD within the matrix of hydrogels is proportional to the concentration of the drug where it is located. Specifically, S1N1-III showed 90% mass loss after 60 h of degradation and a sustained release duration of 72 h. The cytotoxicity assay using the MTT method revealed that cell viability rates of S1N1 were higher than 95%, indicating excellent cytocompatibility. This study offers new insights and methodologies for the development of hydrogels as biomedical composite materials.
Anticoagulant Effect of Snow mountain garlic: In Vitro Evaluation of Aqueous Extract
Authors: Clark-Montoya Isabel , Terán-Figueroa Yolanda , de Loera Denisse , Gaytán-Hernández Darío , Alegría-Torres Jorge Alejandro , Milán-Segovia Rosa del Carmen
Published: October 2024

Snow mountain garlic is traditionally eaten by Himalayan locals for its medicinal properties. Although different species of the genus Allium are known to have other biological effects, such as antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities, little is known about the anticoagulant effect of Snow mountain garlic, a member of the genus Allium. Therefore, the present study examined the in vitro anticoagulant effect of the aqueous extract, the lyophilized aqueous extract, and the isoflavone extract from the lyophilized aqueous extract of Snow mountain garlic in samples from 50 human blood donors. Compared to the control, concentrations of 25, 12.5, and 6.25 mg/100 µL lengthened the clotting times of prothrombin, and concentrations of 25 and 12.5 mg/100 µL lengthened the activated partial thromboplastin time (p ˂ 0.05). The isoflavone extract from the lyophilized aqueous extract containing isoflavones, organosulfur compounds, a polyphenol, and a steroid glycoside showed a significant effect (p ˂ 0.05) on the prothrombin time and the activated partial thromboplastin time at a dose of 20 µL (volume) compared to the control. The results regarding the use of Snow mountain garlic as a preventive measure and aid in treating thromboembolic disease are promising.
Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Uniformly Loaded with Large Interlayer Spacing MoS2 Nanoflowers for Enhanced Lithium–Sulfur Battery Performance
Authors: Wu Zhen , He Wenfeng , Xie Renjie , Xiong Xuan , Wang Zihan , Zhou Lei , Qiao Fen , Wang Junfeng , Zhou Yan , Wang Xinlei , Yuan Jiajia , Tang Tian , Hu Chenyao , Tong Wei , Ni Lubin , Wang Xin , Fu Yongsheng
Published: October 2024

Lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batteries offer a high theoretical energy density but suffer from poor cycling stability and polysulfide shuttling, which limits their practical application. To address these challenges, we developed a PANI-modified MoS2-NG composite, where MoS2 nanoflowers were uniformly grown on graphene oxide (GO) through PANI modification, resulting in an increased interlayer spacing of MoS2. This expanded spacing exposed more active sites, enhancing polysulfide adsorption and catalytic conversion. The composite was used to prepare MoS2-NG/PP separators for Li-S batteries, which achieved a high specific capacity of 714 mAh g−1 at a 3 C rate and maintained a low capacity decay rate of 0.085% per cycle after 500 cycles at 0.5 C. The larger MoS2 interlayer spacing was key to improving redox reaction kinetics and suppressing the shuttle effect, making the MoS2-NG composite a promising material for enhancing the performance and stability of Li-S batteries.