bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of ovarian types and collection techniques on the number of follicles and the quality of cumulus-oocyte-complexes in cow
Authors: MAMY Khandoker , Atiqah NF , Ariani N
Published: January 2017

This experiment was conducted for evaluation of bovine slaughterhouse ovary, follicles, and cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) and to compare the effect of collection techniques on the recovery rate of COCs.  The collected slaughterhouse ovaries was classified as corpus luteum present (CL+) and corpus luteum absent (CL-) groups.  It was found that 62.5% of the ovaries collected were CL- type and 37.5% were CL+ type.  For collection of COCs, blunt dissection and aspiration techniques were performed and number of follicles collected was recorded.  The higher number of follicles were dissected and aspirated from CL - ovaries (11.2±1.8and 37.8±14.9, respectively) compared to CL+ ovaries 10.5±1.5and 28.3±15.6, respectively).  The follicular materials collected from both techniques were observed under microscope to categorize the COCs as A (oocyte surrounded with cumulous cells homogenously), B (oocyte surrounded with cumulous cells partially), C (oocyte not surrounded at all by cumulous cells) and D (degeneration observed both in oocyte and cumulous cells).  Grade A and grade B were classified as normal and grade C and grade D were considered as abnormal COCs.  The result indicated that ovaries having no CL contributing more total number of COCs per ovary (6.8±1.0) and also contributing higher normal COCs (5.7±0.9) than that of ovaries with CL (6.0±2.0 and 4.5±1.5, respectively) in blunt dissection technique.  But same trend of result was not found in aspiration technique.  Similarly, higher percentage of COCs recovery rate was also recorded in blunt dissection (61.6±4.6% vs 16.5±4.9%, on total basis) than aspiration (48.6±2.9% vs 11.7±4.1%, on normal basis) technique.  So, ovaries without CL and blunt dissection technique found more suitable for harvesting the higher number and superior quality of COCs for extending the in vitro embryo production experiment.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (3): 10-16
Chitin Adsorbents for Toxic Metals: A Review
Authors: Anastopoulos Ioannis , Bhatnagar Amit , Bikiaris Dimitrios , Kyzas George
Published: January 2017

Wastewater treatment is still a critical issue all over the world. Among examined methods for the decontamination of wastewaters, adsorption is a promising, cheap, environmentally friendly and efficient procedure. There are various types of adsorbents that have been used to remove different pollutants such as agricultural waste, compost, nanomaterials, algae, etc., Chitin (poly-β-(1,4)-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) is the second most abundant natural biopolymer and it has attracted scientific attention as an inexpensive adsorbent for toxic metals. This review article provides information about the use of chitin as an adsorbent. A list of chitin adsorbents with maximum adsorption capacity and the best isotherm and kinetic fitting models are provided. Moreover, thermodynamic studies, regeneration studies, the mechanism of adsorption and the experimental conditions are also discussed in depth.
Ethyl({[acryloyl(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]acetyl}amino)acetate
Authors: Ganesh Shimoga , Saha Nabanita , Zuckermann Ronald , Sáha Petr
Published: January 2017

Ethyl({[acryloyl(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]acetyl}amino)acetate was synthesized via Ugi four component (4C) reaction at ambient temperature. The protocol employs a reaction between formaldehyde, furfurylamine, acrylic acid, and ethyl 2-isocyanoacetate. The course of the reaction was found to be high yielding, and the resulting glycine ester derivative was well characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometric techniques.
Ultrasonic Monitoring of the Interaction between Cement Matrix and Alkaline Silicate Solution in Self-Healing Systems
Authors: Ait Ouarabi Mohand , Antonaci Paola , Boubenider Fouad , Gliozzi Antonio , Scalerandi Marco
Published: January 2017

Alkaline solutions, such as sodium, potassium or lithium silicates, appear to be very promising as healing agents for the development of encapsulated self-healing concretes. However, the evolution of their mechanical and acoustic properties in time has not yet been completely clarified, especially regarding their behavior and related kinetics when they are used in the form of a thin layer in contact with a hardened cement matrix. This study aims to monitor, using linear and nonlinear ultrasonic methods, the evolution of a sodium silicate solution interacting with a cement matrix in the presence of localized cracks. The ultrasonic inspection via linear methods revealed that an almost complete recovery of the elastic and acoustic properties occurred within a few days of healing. The nonlinear ultrasonic measurements contributed to provide further insight into the kinetics of the recovery due to the presence of the healing agent. A good regain of mechanical performance was ascertained through flexural tests at the end of the healing process, confirming the suitability of sodium silicate as a healing agent for self-healing cementitious systems.
Evaluation of Methods for Estimation of Cyclic Stress-Strain Parameters from Monotonic Properties of Steels
Authors: Marohnić Tea , Basan Robert , Franulović Marina
Published: January 2017

Most existing methods for estimation of cyclic yield stress and cyclic Ramberg-Osgood stress-strain parameters of steels from their monotonic properties were developed on relatively modest number of material datasets and without considerations of the particularities of different steel subgroups formed according to their chemical composition (unalloyed, low-alloy, and high-alloy steels) or delivery, i.e., testing condition. Furthermore, some methods were evaluated using the same datasets that were used for their development. In this paper, a comprehensive statistical analysis and evaluation of existing estimation methods were performed using an independent set of experimental material data compriseding 116 steels. Results of performed statistical analyses reveal that statistically significant differences exist among unalloyed, low-alloy, and high-alloy steels regarding their cyclic yield stress and cyclic Ramberg-Osgood stress-strain parameters. Therefore, estimation methods were evaluated separately for mentioned steel subgroups in order to more precisely determine their applicability for the estimation of cyclic behavior of steels belonging to individual subgroups. Evaluations revealed that considering all steels as a single group results in averaging and that subgroups should be treated independently. Based on results of performed statistical analysis, guidelines are provided for identification and selection of suitable methods to be applied for the estimation of cyclic stress-strain parameters of steels.
Spectrum Sharing Based on a Bertrand Game in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks
Authors: Zeng Biqing , Zhang Chi , Hu Pianpian , Wang Shengyu
Published: January 2017

In the study of power control and allocation based on pricing, the utility of secondary users is usually studied from the perspective of the signal to noise ratio. The study of secondary user utility from the perspective of communication demand can not only promote the secondary users to meet the maximum communication needs, but also to maximize the utilization of spectrum resources, however, research in this area is lacking, so from the viewpoint of meeting the demand of network communication, this paper designs a two stage model to solve spectrum leasing and allocation problem in cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs). In the first stage, the secondary base station collects the secondary network communication requirements, and rents spectrum resources from several primary base stations using the Bertrand game to model the transaction behavior of the primary base station and secondary base station. The second stage, the subcarriers and power allocation problem of secondary base stations is defined as a nonlinear programming problem to be solved based on Nash bargaining. The simulation results show that the proposed model can satisfy the communication requirements of each user in a fair and efficient way compared to other spectrum sharing schemes.
Particle Accumulation in a Microchannel and Its Reduction by a Standing Surface Acoustic Wave (SSAW)
Authors: Sriphutkiat Yannapol , Zhou Yufeng
Published: January 2017

Accumulation of particles in a high concentration on a microchannel wall is a common phenomenon in a colloidal fluid. Gradual accumulation/deposition of particles can eventually obstruct the fluid flow and lead to clogging, which seriously affects the accuracy and reliability of nozzle-based printing and causes damage to the nozzle. Particle accumulation in a 100 μm microchannel was investigated by light microscopy, and its area growth in an exponential format was used to quantify this phenomenon. The effects of the constriction angle and alginate concentration on particle accumulation were also studied. In order to reduce the clogging problem, an acoustic method was proposed and evaluated here. Numerical simulation was first conducted to predict the acoustic radiation force on the particles in the fluid with different viscosities. Interdigital transducers (IDTs) were fabricated on the LiNbO3 wafer to produce standing surface acoustic waves (SSAW) in the microchannel. It was found that the actuation of SSAW can reduce the accumulation area in the microchannel by 2 to 3.7-fold. In summary, the particle accumulation becomes significant with the increase of the constriction angle and fluid viscosity. The SSAW can effectively reduce the particle accumulation and postpone clogging.
SDTCP: Towards Datacenter TCP Congestion Control with SDN for IoT Applications
Authors: Lu Yifei , Ling Zhen , Zhu Shuhong , Tang Ling
Published: January 2017

The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained popularity in recent years. Today’s IoT applications are now increasingly deployed in cloud platforms to perform Big Data analytics. In cloud data center networks (DCN), TCP incast usually happens when multiple senders simultaneously communicate with a single receiver. However, when TCP incast happens, DCN may suffer from both throughput collapse for TCP burst flows and temporary starvation for TCP background flows. In this paper, we propose a software defined network (SDN)-based TCP congestion control mechanism, referred to as SDTCP, to leverage the features, e.g., centralized control methods and the global view of the network, in order to solve the TCP incast problems. When we detect network congestion on an OpenFlow switch, our controller can select the background flows and reduce their bandwidth by adjusting the advertised window of TCP ACK packets of the corresponding background flows so as to reserve more bandwidth for burst flows. SDTCP is transparent to the end systems and can accurately decelerate the rate of background flows by leveraging the global view of the network gained via SDN. The experiments demonstrate that our SDTCP can provide high tolerance for burst flows and achieve better flow completion time for short flows. Therefore, SDTCP is an effective and scalable solution for the TCP incast problem.
Germination of Bouteloua dactyloides and Cynodon dactylon in a Multi-Polluted Soil
Authors: Delgado-Caballero María , Alarcón-Herrera María , Valles-Aragón María , Melgoza-Castillo Alicia , Ojeda-Barrios Dámaris , Leyva-Chávez Arwell
Published: January 2017

Mining wastes generate high environmental impacts, and population exposure to metals and metalloids. Phytoremediation is a technology that uses plants to remediate polluted sites, but one of its limitations is seed germination in soil with a high content of metals and metalloids. Bouteloua dactyloides (former Buchloe dactyloides) is a native species from semiarid regions, while Cynodon dactylon is an invasive species; both are tolerant to harsh soil conditions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the germination of both species, exposed to a multi-polluted soil with As, Cd, Pb, and Zn of a mining site, considering different pH conditions (from 5.0 to 9.0). The study considered four repetitions by type of seed and soil pH. The highest germination of B. dactyloides was 83% at pH 7.8, while the greatest germination of C. dactylon was 34% at pH 6.0. These percentages are similar to those obtained in a standard germination test, which are 82.5% for B. dactyloides and 35% for C. dactylon. Germination was not reached in either species with soil at pH 5, owing to the fact that metals are more bioavailable in acid environments. B. dactyloides and C. dactylon had a high potential to germinate in multi-polluted soil at neutral pH, but further experiments are needed.
Evolution of Cretan Aqueducts and Their Potential for Hydroelectric Exploitation
Authors: Nikolaou Triantafyllia , Christodoulakos Ioannis , Piperidis Panagiotis , Angelakis Andreas
Published: January 2017

In this article, several archaeological, historical and other aspects of aqueducts in Crete, Greece, since the prehistoric times until today, are reviewed and presented. In Crete, since the Minoan era, various water management techniques that are found in modern water technologies were developed and applied. One of the most significant features of the Minoan civilization was the architecture of water supply systems in the palaces and other settlements. These technologies were continued and improved mainly during the Classical, Hellenistic and Roman periods and at the same time spread to other towns in the mainland and islands. The aqueduct technologies developed during the Classical and Hellenistic periods were further developed by Romans, mainly by enlarging their application scale (e.g., water bridges). Several paradigms of Cretan aqueducts are considered by which the significance of those technologies for water supply in areas with limited water resources is justified. A brief presentation and discussion of climatic conditions, the karst hydrogeology and the water resources management in Crete is also included. The article also describes the present water management profile of the island, in terms of the water plants, water supply–irrigation networks, and water renewable energy exploitation of dams and water pipelines.
THE PAN-PACIFIC PLANET SEARCH. VI. GIANT PLANETS ORBITING HD 86950 AND HD 222076
Authors: Wittenmyer Robert A. , Jones M. I. , Zhao Jinglin , Marshall J. P. , Butler R. P. , Tinney C. G. , Wang Liang , Johnson John Asher
Published: January 2017

We report the detection of two new planets orbiting the K giants HD 86950 and HD 222076, based on precise radial velocities obtained with three instruments: AAT/UCLES, FEROS, and CHIRON. HD 86950b has a period of 1270 ± 57 days at

au, and m sin

. HD 222076b has

days at

au, and m sin

. These two giant planets are typical of the population of planets known to orbit evolved stars. In addition, we find a high-amplitude periodic velocity signal (

m s−1) in HD 29399 and show that it is due to stellar variability rather than Keplerian reflex motion. We also investigate the relation between planet occurrence and host-star metallicity for the 164-star Pan-Pacific Planet Search (PPPS) sample of evolved stars. In spite of the small sample of PPPS detections, we confirm the trend of increasing planet occurrence as a function of metallicity found by other studies of planets orbiting evolved stars.
DEEP CFHT Y-BAND IMAGING OF VVDS-F22 FIELD. I. DATA PRODUCTS AND PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS
Authors: Liu Dezi , Yang Jinyi , Yuan Shuo , Wu Xue-Bing , Fan Zuhui , Shan Huanyuan , Yan Haojing , Zheng Xianzhong
Published: January 2017

We present our deep Y-band imaging data of a 2 square degree field within the F22 region of the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey. The observations were conducted using the WIRCam instrument mounted at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). The total on-sky time was 9 hr, distributed uniformly over 18 tiles. The scientific goals of the project are to select faint quasar candidates at redshift

and constrain the photometric redshifts for quasars and galaxies. In this paper, we present the observation and the image reduction, as well as the photometric redshifts that we derived by combining our Y-band data with the CFHTLenS

optical data and UKIDSS DXS JHK near-infrared data. With the J-band image as a reference, a total of ∼80,000 galaxies are detected in the final mosaic down to a Y-band

point-source limiting depth of 22.86 mag. Compared with the ∼3500 spectroscopic redshifts, our photometric redshifts for galaxies with

and

mag have a small systematic offset of

, 1σ scatter

, and less than 4.0% of catastrophic failures. We also compare with the CFHTLenS photometric redshifts and find that ours are more reliable at

because of the inclusion of the near-infrared bands. In particular, including the Y-band data can improve the accuracy at

because the location of the 4000 Å break is better constrained. The Y-band images, the multiband photometry catalog, and the photometric redshifts are released at http://astro.pku.edu.cn/astro/data/DYI.html.
Corneal Ectasia After LASIK Combined With Prophylactic Corneal Cross-linking
Authors: Taneri Suphi , Kiessler Saskia , Rost Anika , Dick H. Burkhard
Published: January 2017

PURPOSE:

To report a case of unilateral corneal ectasia following LASIK surgery combined with prophylactic corneal cross-linking (CXL) in a young patient.

METHODS:

Case report.

RESULTS:

Preoperative topography was unremarkable in both eyes with a minimum corneal thickness of 554
μ
m in the right eye and 546
μ
m in the left eye. Preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 1.0 (20/20 Snellen) in both eyes with a refraction of +1.25 −2.75 × 10 in the right eye and +0.50 −2.00 × 163 in the left eye. LASIK combined with CXL was uneventful. After 12 months, postoperative topography was unremarkable with an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 1.0 in both eyes. Two years after surgery, the patient presented with a loss of vision (UDVA 0.25) and an inferior steepening on topography in the left eye. Standard CXL was performed to arrest further progression.

CONCLUSIONS:

This report illustrates that the currently used prophylactic CXL protocol in combination with LASIK may not be effectively preventing corneal ectasia in every case.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(1):50–52.]
The Influence of the Microbiome on Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Paun Alexandra , Yau Christopher , Danska Jayne S.
Published: January 2017

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. The rapid rise in T1D incidence during the past 50 y suggests environmental factors contribute to the disease. The trillion symbiotic microorganisms inhabiting the mammalian gastrointestinal tract (i.e., the microbiota) influence numerous aspects of host physiology. In this study we review the evidence linking perturbations of the gut microbiome to pancreatic autoimmunity. We discuss data from rodent models demonstrating the essential role of the gut microbiota on the development and function of the host’s mucosal and systemic immune systems. Furthermore, we review findings from human longitudinal cohort studies examining the influence of environmental and lifestyle factors on microbiota composition and pancreatic autoimmunity. Taken together, these data underscore the requirement for mechanistic studies to identify bacterial components and metabolites interacting with the innate and adaptive immune system, which would set the basis for preventative or therapeutic strategies in T1D.
Prediction of Injuries and Injury Types in Army Basic Training, Infantry, Armor, and Cavalry Trainees Using a Common Fitness Screen
Authors: Sefton JoEllen M. , Lohse K. R. , McAdam J. S.
Published: January 2017

Context: Musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) are among the most important challenges facing our military. They influence career success and directly affect military readiness. Several methods of screening initial entry training (IET) soldiers are being tested in an effort to predict which soldiers will sustain an MSI and to develop injury-prevention programs. The Army 1-1-1 Fitness Assessment was examined to determine if it could be used as a screening and MSI prediction mechanism in male IET soldiers.

Objective: To determine if a relationship existed among the Army 1-1-1 Fitness Assessment results and MSI, MSI type, and program of instruction (POI) in male IET soldiers.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Fort Benning, Georgia.

Patients or Other Participants: Male Army IET soldiers (N = 1788).

Main Outcome Measure(s): The likelihood of sustaining acute and overuse MSI was modelled using separate logistic regression analyses. The POI, run time, push-ups and sit-ups (combined into a single score), and IET soldier age were tested as predictors in a series of linear models.

Results: With POI controlled, slower run time, fewer push-ups and sit-ups, and older age were positively correlated with acute MSI; only slower run time was correlated with overuse MSI. For both MSI types, cavalry POIs had a higher risk of acute and overuse MSIs than did basic combat training, armor, or infantry POIs.

Conclusions: The 1-1-1 Fitness Assessment predicted both the likelihood of MSI occurrence and type of MSI (acute or overuse). One-mile (1.6-km) run time predicted both overuse and acute MSIs, whereas the combined push-up and sit-up score predicted only acute MSIs. The MSIs varied by type of training (infantry, basic, armor, cavalry), which allowed the development of prediction equations by POI. We determined 1-1-1 Fitness Assessment cutoff scores for each event, thereby allowing the evaluation to be used as an MSI screening mechanism for IET soldiers.
Risk Factors for Injuries During Military Static-Line Airborne Operations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Knapik Joseph , Steelman Ryan
Published: January 2017

Objective: To identify and analyze articles in which the authors examined risk factors for soldiers during military static-line airborne operations.

Data Sources: We searched for articles in PubMed, the Defense Technical Information Center, reference lists, and other sources using the key words airborne, parachuting, parachutes, paratrooper, injuries, wounds, trauma, and musculoskeletal.

Study Selection: The search identified 17 684 potential studies. Studies were included if they were written in English, involved military static-line parachute operations, recorded injuries directly from events on the landing zone or from safety or medical records, and provided data for quantitative assessment of injury risk factors. A total of 23 studies met the review criteria, and 15 were included in the meta-analysis.

Data Extraction: The summary statistic obtained for each risk factor was the risk ratio, which was the ratio of the injury risk in 1 group to that of another (baseline) group. Where data were sufficient, meta-analyses were performed and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.

Data Synthesis: Risk factors for static-line parachuting injuries included night jumps, jumps with extra equipment, higher wind speeds, higher air temperatures, jumps from fixed-wing aircraft rather than balloons or helicopters, jumps onto certain types of terrain, being a female paratrooper, greater body weight, not using the parachute ankle brace, smaller parachute canopies, simultaneous exits from both sides of an aircraft, higher heat index, winds from the rear of the aircraft on exit entanglements, less experience with a particular parachute system, being an enlisted soldier rather than an officer, and jumps involving a greater number of paratroopers.

Conclusions: We analyzed and summarized factors that increased the injury risk for soldiers during military static-line parachute operations. Understanding and considering these factors in risk evaluations may reduce the likelihood of injury during parachuting.
Anisotropic Hardy-Lorentz Spaces with Variable Exponents
Authors: Almeida Víctor , Betancor Jorge J. , Lourdes Rodríguez-Mesa
Published: January 2017

In this paper we introduceHardy-Lorentz spaces with variable exponents associated with
dilations in ℝn. We establishmaximal characterizations and atomic decompositions for our variable
exponent anisotropic Hardy-Lorentz spaces.
Rezensionen
Authors: Schneebeli H. R.
Published: January 2017

Rezension zu:
H. Walser:
EAGLE-Malbuch. Zöpfe – Zerlegungen – Zehnecke
. 78 Seiten, CHF 11.60. Edition am Gutenbergplatz Leipzig, EAGLE 094, 2016; ISBN 978-3-95922-094-1.
Maurer–Cartan elements and cyclic operads
Authors: Ward Benjamin C.
Published: January 2017

First we argue that many BV and homotopy BV structures, including both familiar and new examples, arise from a common underlying construction. The input of this construction is a cyclic operad along with a Maurer–Cartan element in an associated Lie algebra. Using this result we introduce and study the operad of cyclically invariant operations, with instances arising in cyclic cohomology and

S^1

equivariant homology. We compute the homology of the cyclically invariant operations; the result being the homology operad of

\mathcal M_{0,n+1}

, the uncompactified moduli spaces of punctured Riemann spheres, which we call the gravity operad after Getzler. Motivated by the line of inquiry of Deligne’s conjecture we construct "cyclic brace operations" inducing the gravity relations up-to-homotopy on the cochain level. Motivated by string topology, we show such a gravity-BV pair is related by a long exact sequence. Examples and implications are discussed in course.
A New Family of Difference Schemes for Space Fractional Advection Diffusion Equation
Authors: Li Can , Deng Weihua
Published: January 2017

The second order weighted and shifted Grünwald difference (WSGD) operators are developed in [Tian, Zhou and Deng, Math. Comput., 84 (2015), pp. 1703–1727] to solve space fractional partial differential equations. Along this direction, we further design a new family of second order WSGD operators; by properly choosing the weighted parameters, they can be effectively used to discretize space (Riemann-Liouville) fractional derivatives. Based on the new second order WSGD operators, we derive a family of difference schemes for the space fractional advection diffusion equation. By von Neumann stability analysis, it is proved that the obtained schemes are unconditionally stable. Finally, extensive numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the performance of the schemes and confirm the convergence orders.
Analysis of Smartphone Interruptions on Academic General Internal Medicine Wards
Authors: Vaisman Alon , Wu Robert
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Hospital-based medical services are increasingly utilizing team-based pagers and smartphones to streamline communications. However, an unintended consequence may be higher volumes of interruptions potentially leading to medical error. There is likely a level at which interruptions are excessive and cause a ‘crisis mode’ climate.

Methods: We retrospectively collected phone, text messaging, and email interruptions directed to hospital-assigned smartphones on eight General Internal Medicine (GIM) teams at two tertiary care centres in Toronto, Ontario from April 2013 to September 2014. We also calculated the number of times these interruptions exceeded a pre-specified threshold per hour, termed ‘crisis mode’, defined as at least five interruptions in 30 minutes. We analyzed the correlation between interruptions and date, site, and patient volumes.

Results: A total of 187,049 interruptions were collected over an 18-month period. Daily weekday interruptions rose sharply in the morning, peaking between 11 AM to 12 PM and measuring 4.8 and 3.7 mean interruptions/hour at each site, respectively. Mean daily interruptions per team totaled 46.2 ± 3.6 at Site 1 and 39.2 ± 4.2 at Site 2. The ‘crisis mode’ threshold was exceeded, on average, 2.3 times/day per GIM team during weekdays. In a multivariable linear regression analysis, site ([uni03B2]6.43 CI95% 5.44 –7.42, p<0.001), day of the week (with Friday having the most interruptions) ([uni03B2]0.481 CI95% 0.236 –0.730, p<0.05) and patient census ([uni03B2]1.55 CI95% 1.42 –1.67, p<0.05) were all predictive of daily interruption volume although there was a significant interaction effect between site and patient census ([uni03B2]-0.941 CI95% -1.18 –-0.703, p<0.05).

Conclusion: Interruptions were related to site-specific features, including volume, suggesting that future interventions should target the culture of individual hospitals. Excessive interruptions may have implications for patient safety especially when exceeding a maximal threshold over short periods of time.
Improved pointing information for SCIAMACHY from in-flight measurements of the viewing directions towards sun and moon
Authors: Bramstedt Klaus , Stone Thomas C. , Gottwald Manfred , Noël Stefan , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) on Envisat (2002–2012) performed nadir, limb, solar/lunar occultation and various monitoring measurements. The pointing information of the instrument is determined by the attitude information of the Envisat platform with its star trackers together with the encoder readouts of both the azimuth and the elevation scanner of SCIAMACHY. In this work, we present additional sources of attitude information from the SCIAMACHY measurements itself. The basic principle is the same as used by the star tracker: We measure the viewing direction towards celestial objects, i.e. sun and moon to detect possible mispointings. In sun over limb port observations, we utilise the vertical scans over the solar disk. In horizontal direction, SCIAMACHY's sun follower device (SFD) is used to adjust the viewing direction. Moon over limb port measurements use for both the vertical and the horizontal direction the adjustment by the SFD. The viewing direction is steered towards the intensity centroid of the illuminated part of the lunar disk. We use reference images from the USGS Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) to take into account the inhomogeneous surface and the variations by lunar libration and phase to parameterise the location of the intensity centroid from the observation geometry. Solar observations through SCIAMACHY's so-called sub-solar port (with a viewing direction closely to zenith) use in vertical direction also the SFD. In horizontal direction the geometry of the port defines the viewing direction. Using these three type of measurements, we fit improved mispointing parameters by minimising the pointing offsets in elevation and azimuth. The geolocation of all retrieved products will benefit from this, especially the altitudes assigned to SCIAMACHY's limb and occultation products will be improved.
Sediment phosphorus speciation and mobility under
dynamic redox conditions
Authors: Parsons Chris T. , Rezanezhad Fereidoun , O'Connell David W. , Van Cappellen Philippe
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment has caused phosphorus (P) accumulation in many freshwater sediments, raising concerns that internal loading from legacy P may delay the recovery of aquatic ecosystems suffering from eutrophication. Benthic recycling of P strongly depends on the redox regime at the sediment-water interface (SWI) that, in many shallow environments, tends to be highly dynamic as a result of, among others, bioturbation by macrofauna, root activity, sediment resuspension and seasonal variations in bottom water oxygen (O2) concentrations. To gain insight into the mobility and biogeochemistry of P under fluctuating redox conditions, a suspension of sediment from a hyper-eutrophic freshwater marsh was exposed to alternating 7-day periods of purging with air and nitrogen gas (N2), for a total duration of 74 days. At the start of each anoxic period, algal necromass was added to simulate the deposition of fresh autochtonous organic matter. Phosphatase activities up to 2.4 mmol h−1 kg−1 indicated the potential for rapid mineralization of added organic-P (Po), in particular during the periods of aeration when the activity of phosphomonoesterases was up to 37 % higher than under N2 sparging. Aqueous phosphate concentrations remained low (~2.5 µM) under oxic conditions, due to sorption to Fe/Mn-oxides. During anoxic periods, once nitrate was depleted, the reductive dissolution of Fe/Mn-oxides released P. However, only 4.5 % of the released P accumulated in solution while the rest was redistributed among the particulate phases, including the humic fraction. Thus, under the relatively short-term redox fluctuations imposed in the experiments, P remobilization to the aqueous phase remained relatively limited and poly-phosphate did not accumulate. The results also emphasize the important control bottom water nitrate concentrations may exert on internal P loading in eutrophic environments.
High growth potential and activity of 0.2 µm filterable bacteria habitually present in coastal seawater
Authors: Obayashi Yumiko , Suzuki Satoru
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The presence of 0.2 µm filterable bacteria in aquatic environments has been known. Some of these bacteria have been reported to be starvation forms, especially those in oligotrophic oceanic seawater. However, 0.2 µm filterable bacteria have not yet been described in temperate coastal seawater. Here, we report the presence of 0.2 µm filterable bacteria in coastal seawater with their high growth potential that appeared under the absence of grazers. In this study, filtered seawater (FSW) microcosms were prepared with 0.2 µm filtered coastal seawater collected in summer and winter without any nutritional amendment and incubated at the ambient seawater temperature (25 °C in summer, 12 °C in winter) and lower temperature (6 °C). During the first several days of the incubations of FSW, the number of prokaryotes collected on 0.2 µm filters markedly increased especially at the ambient seawater temperatures. The diversity of the regenerated bacteria community was comparable to that of the original bacterial community, and most of the identified bacteria were typical marine bacteria (members of Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes), indicating that the 0.2 µm filterable forms of typical marine bacteria show rapid growth under the no grazing and low competition conditions present in the FSW bottles. These results suggest that 0.2 µm filterable bacteria are habitually present even in coastal water, and that these bacteria are always ready for growing in changeable aquatic ecosystems.
Managing fire risk during drought: the influence of certification and
El Niño on fire-driven forest conversion for oil palm in Southeast
Asia
Authors: Noojipady Praveen , Morton Douglas C. , Schroeder Wilfrid , Carlson Kimberly M. , Huang Chengquan , Gibbs Holly K. , Burns David , Walker Nathalie F. , Prince Stephen D.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Indonesia and Malaysia have emerged as leading producers of palm oil in the past several decades, expanding production through the conversion of tropical forests to industrial plantations. Efforts to produce "sustainable" palm oil, including certification by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), include guidelines designed to reduce the environmental impact of palm oil production. Fire-driven deforestation is prohibited by law in both countries and a stipulation of RSPO certification, yet the degree of environmental compliance is unclear, especially during El Niño events when drought conditions increase fire risk. Here, we used time series of satellite data to estimate the spatial and temporal patterns of fire-driven deforestation in and around oil palm plantations. In Indonesia, fire-driven deforestation accounted for one quarter of total forest losses in both certified and non-certified plantations. After the first plantations in Indonesia received RSPO certification in 2009, forest loss and fire-driven deforestation declined in certified plantations but did stop altogether. Oil palm expansion in Malaysia rarely involved fire; only 6 % of forest loss in certified plantations had coincident active fire detections. Interannual variability in fire detections was strongly influenced by El Niño and the timing of certification. Fire activity during the 2002, 2004, and 2006 El Niño event was similar among oil palm plantations in Indonesia that would later become certified, non-certified plantations, and surrounding areas. However, rates of fire activity were 57 % and 44 % lower in certified plantations than non-certified plantations during the 2009 and 2015 El Niño events, respectively. The decline in fire activity on certified plantations, including during drought periods, highlights the potential for RSPO certification to safeguard carbon stocks in peatlands and remaining forests and support legislation banning fires. However, aligning certification standards with satellite monitoring capabilities will be critical to realize sustainable palm oil production and meet industry commitments to zero deforestation.
Waning habitats due to climate change: effects of streamflow and temperature changes at the rear edge of the distribution of a cold-water fish
Authors: Santiago José M. , Muñoz-Mas Rafael , Solana Joaquín , García de Jalón Diego , Alonso Carlos , Martínez-Capel Francisco , Pórtoles Javier , Monjo Robert , Ribalaygua Jaime
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Climate change affects aquatic ecosystems altering temperature and precipitation patterns, and the rear edge of the distribution of cold-water species is especially sensitive to them. The main goal was to predict in detail how change in air temperature and precipitation will affect streamflow, the thermal habitat of a cold-water fish (brown trout, Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758), and their synergistic relationships at the rear edge of its natural distribution. 31 sites in 14 mountain rivers and streams were studied in Central Spain. Models at several sites were built using regression trees for streamflow, and a non-linear regression method for stream temperature. Nine global climate models simulations for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 (Representative Concentration Pathways) scenarios were downscaled to a local level. Significant streamflow reductions were predicted in all basins (max. −49 %) by the year 2099, showing seasonal differences between them. The stream temperature models showed relationships between models parameters, geology and hydrologic responses. Temperature was sensitive to the streamflow in one set of streams, and summer reductions contributed to additional stream temperature increases (max. 3.6 °C), although the most deep-aquifer dependent sites better resisted warming. The predicted increase in water temperature reached up to 4.0 °C. Temperature and streamflow changes will cause a shift of the rear edge of the species distribution. However, geology conditioned the extent of this shift. Approaches like these should be useful in planning the prevention and mitigation of negative effects of climate change by differentiating areas based on the risk level and viability of fish populations.
Sub catchment Assessment of snowpack and snowmelt change by analyzing elevation bands and parameter sensitivity in the high Himalayas
Authors: Singh Vishal , Kumar Goyal Manish , Surampalli Rao Y. , Munoz-Arriola Francisco
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The present work proposes to improve estimates of how much streamflow is generated by snow in the watersheds of the steep Himalayas. Half of the earth’s glacial catchments in nonpolar areas are in the Himalayas, and they generate almost a third of the streamflows in India. In River catchments with glacier presence in the region, temporal variability in streamflow generation and the associated distribution of accumulated snow illustrate how changes in snowmelt and precipitation can affect water supplies to a growing population of 1.3 billion people. Estimations of snowpack and snowmelt in watersheds are critical for understanding streamflow generation and sources of catchments. However, estimating precipitation and snow accumulation is constrained by the difficulties complex terrain poses to data collection. The primary objective of this study is to assess the role of elevations in the computation of snowfall (snowpack) and snowmelt in sub-catchments. The study area is the Satluj River Catchment (up to Kasol gauge) with moderate (e.g., 526 m) to very high elevations (e.g., 7429 m) dominated by snow covers and glaciers. The Satluj River Catchment was divided into 14 sub-catchments. Snowpack and snowmelt variations in the sub-catchments in both historical and projected near-term (2011–2130) periods were analyzed using observed and Global Circulation Model (GCM) data sets. Both hydrological scenarios used elevation bands and parameter-sensitivity analyses built in the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. For model calibration/validation and parameter sensitivity analysis, an advanced optimization method — namely, Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI2) approach was used with multiple hydrological parameters. Among all parameters, the curve number (CN2) was found significantly sensitive for computations. The snowmelt hydrological parameters such as snowmelt factor maximum (SMFMX) and snow coverage (SNO50COV) significantly affected objective functions such as R2 and NSE during the model optimization process. The computed snowpack and snowmelt were found highly variable over the Himalayan sub-catchments as also reported by previous researchers in other regions. The magnitude of snowpack change consistently decreases across all the sub-catchments of the Satluj River Catchment (varying between 4 % and 42 %). The highest percentage of changes in snowpack was observed over high-elevation subcatchments.
Socio-Economic Condition of Indigenous Students: A Study in the University of Dhaka
Authors: Akter Sumy
Published: January 2017

The participation rate of the indigenous people in higher education is comparatively low. In this work the socio-economic status of the indigenous students of the University of Dhaka is studied. Moreover, the problems and prospects of the students during their academic life in the university as well as in their social life are identified. This research is a social research in which a sample survey method has been taken. Mainly different residential Halls of the University of Dhaka were taken as the area of this research. Information was collected from 45 selected respondents. Data are collected through interviewing and observing respondent as well as from the secondary sources. Based on this research the problems of the indigenous students are identified. Beside these, a list of recommendations has been suggested to solve the socio-economic situation and problems in their academic life of the indigenous students. This study will help us to find out the impact of the family tradition on the present status of the indigenous students, barrier in exercising their traditional culture, and the attitude showed by the other students to the indigenous students in the University of Dhaka.
Rede de coautoria da Universidade Federal de Goiás: o impacto de publicações internacionais
Authors: Silva Eduardo Alves , Martins Dalton Lopes
Published: January 2017

Introdução: Propõe-se demonstrar a construção da coautoria dentro da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) e o possível impacto da internacionalização dessa produção. Método: foi realizada a extração de dados referentes a publicações da UFG na base de dados Web of Science (WoS) no período histórico de dezesseis anos (1999-2015), efetivando-se o tratamento do nome dos coautores das publicações de forma a construir a rede de coautoria com o uso de metodologia de análise de redes sociais (ARS). Resultados: obteve-se a rede de coautoria de maior impacto internacional da UFG respondendo à questão sobre a existência da rede e suas características, assim como percepções sobre a internacionalização e desenvolvimento da instituição de acordo com a rede. Conclusão: A criação da rede de coautoria demonstra a divisão de grupos e fatores que a compõem, introduzindo dessa forma contextos que vão além da coautoria, como a internacionalização e o uso das informações obtidas na gestão da pesquisa cientifica em uma instituição.
Curadoria digital e dados de pesquisa
Authors: Sayão Luís Fernando , Sales Luana Farias
Published: January 2017

Os Doutores Luis Fernando Sayão e Luana Farias Sales apresentam as condições que sustentam o desenvolvimento da área de curadoria digital e os emergentes repositórios de dados de pesquisa, assim como as controvérsias, desafios e responsabilidades éticas para os depositantes, gestores dos repositórios, usuários e profissionais da informação.
Introduction to the Special Volume on Tursiops in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Fruet Pedro F. , Laporta Paula , Di Tullio Juliana C. , Secchi Eduardo R. , Morteo Eduardo , Tezanos-Pinto Gabriela , Möller Luciana , Marmontel Miriam , Palacios Daniel M.
Published: January 2017

LAJAM Special Volume on Tursiops in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean is introduced.
Report of the Working Group on the Biology and Ecology of Tursiops truncatus in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Laporta Paula , Fruet Pedro , Siciliano Salvatore , Flores Paulo A. , Loureiro Julio D.
Published: January 2017

We review information on the biology and ecology of common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWAO) with emphasis on growth, feeding ecology, epizootics and parasites, predation and pathologies.
Immigrants et réfugiés au prisme de la vie sociale des droits
Authors: Saillant Francine , Lévy Joseph J. , Ramirez-Villagra Alfredo
Published: January 2017

La proposition s’appuie sur une recherche en cours portant sur la mémoire des droits dans les organismes communautaires au Québec sur une période de cinquante ans (1960-2010), laquelle rassemble les témoignages d’acteurs-témoins du mouvement dans cinq secteurs d’action, ceux des femmes, de la migration, du handicap, de la santé mentale et des LGBT. L’article propose une analyse préliminaire de ce matériel, qui retient les propos de 16 des acteurs-témoins rencontrés dans le secteur migration, lesquels portent sur les principales luttes auxquelles ils ont participé. Une attention particulière est portée à la formulation du litige et aux interactions entre la société civile et le gouvernement, en particulier les instances de l’immigration. La question du travail fait l’objet d’analyses spécifiques. La formulation du litige, soit le différend entre les acteurs-témoins, les groupes qu’ils représentent et le pouvoir étatique ainsi que la société dominante, permet de voir comment s’expriment et se transforment les idées de droit et plus généralement de droits humains dans cet univers spécifique. Le concept de vie sociale des droits est mis de l’avant en relation avec la mémoire collective, le témoignage, et la problématique de la culture ou de la vernacularisation des droits humains.
La culture florale à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
Authors: Korbéogo Gabin
Published: January 2017

À partir d’une étude de cas à Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso, cet article traite du symbolisme des fleurs et de ses usages sociaux. L’histoire locale des relations entre les individus et la phytodiversité enseigne en effet que les espèces végétales sont utilisées pour leurs propriétés alimentaires, médicinales, symboliques, magiques et esthétiques. Toutefois, les différentes modalités de circulation et d’appropriation des fleurs varient selon le code culturel et le statut social des usagers. L’article montre que la culture florale burkinabé correspond à des formes d’expression esthétiques et sentimentales locales qui s’émancipent des contraintes traditionnelles pour épouser continuellement les modèles occidentaux et/ou globalisés.