bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic and transcriptional profiling of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Perreault Andrea A. , Sprunger Danielle M. , Venters Bryan J.
Published: March 2019

The human HCC1806 cell line is frequently used as a preclinical model for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Given that dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms are involved in cancer pathogenesis, emerging therapeutic strategies target chromatin regulators, such as histone deacetylases. A comprehensive understanding of the epigenome and transcription profiling in HCC1806 provides the framework for evaluating efficacy and molecular mechanisms of epigenetic therapies. Thus, to study the interplay of transcription and chromatin in the HCC1806 preclinical model, we performed nascent transcription profiling using Precision Run-On coupled to sequencing (PRO-seq). Additionally, we mapped the genome-wide locations for RNA polymerase II (Pol II), the histone variant H2A.Z, seven histone modifications, and CTCF using ChIP-exo. ChIP-exonuclease (ChIP-exo) is a refined version of ChIP-seq with near base pair precision mapping of protein-DNA interactions. In this Data Descriptor, we present detailed information on experimental design, data generation, quality control analysis, and data validation. We discuss how these data lay the foundation for future analysis to understand the relationship between the nascent transcription and chromatin.
A dataset of neonatal EEG recordings with seizure annotations
Authors: Stevenson N. J. , Tapani K. , Lauronen L. , Vanhatalo S.
Published: March 2019

Neonatal seizures are a common emergency in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). There are many questions yet to be answered regarding the temporal/spatial characteristics of seizures from different pathologies, response to medication, effects on neurodevelopment and optimal detection. The dataset presented in this descriptor contains EEG recordings from human neonates, the visual interpretation of the EEG by the human experts, supporting clinical data and codes to assist access. Multi-channel EEG was recorded from 79 term neonates admitted to the NICU at the Helsinki University Hospital. The median recording duration was 74 min (IQR: 64 to 96 min). The presence of seizures in the EEGs was annotated independently by three experts. An average of 460 seizures were annotated per expert in the dataset; 39 neonates had seizures and 22 were seizure free, by consensus. The dataset can be used as a reference set of neonatal seizures, in studies of inter-observer agreement and for the development of automated methods of seizure detection and other EEG analyses.
Synchrotron macro ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy for high-resolution chemical mapping of single cells
Authors: Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Pérez-Guaita David , Wood Bayden R. , Heraud Philip , Khambatta Karina , Hartnell David , Hackett Mark J. , Tobin Mark J.
Published: March 2019

Coupling synchrotron IR beam to an ATR element enhances spatial resolution suited for high-resolution single cell analysis in biology, medicine and environmental science.
Charge transitions in perovskite oxides containing unusually high-valent Fe
Authors: Denis Romero Fabio , Shimakawa Yuichi
Published: March 2019

Localisation of charge carrying ligand holes in perovskite oxides containing high-valent iron leads to unusual structural, magnetic, and transport behavior.
Bulk crystal growth and characterization of the bismuth ferrite-based material Bi3FeO4(MoO4)2
Authors: Li Conggang , Gao Zeliang , Tian Xiangxin , Zhang Junjie , Ju Dianxing , Wu Qian , Lu Weiqun , Sun Youxuan , Cui Deliang , Tao Xutang
Published: March 2019

The large, high-quality Bi3FeO4(MoO4)2single crystals of size up to 28 × 20 × 12 mm3were grown successfully by the TSSG method. The thermal, optical, magnetization, and polarized Raman properties are investigated in detail.
Understanding capacity fading of the LiVO3cathode material by limiting the cutoff voltage
Authors: Fu Xifan , Pu Xiangjun , Wang Huiming , Zhao Dong , Liu Guangrong , Zhao Dong , Chen Zhongxue
Published: March 2019

The LiVO3cathode cycled in a narrower voltage window demonstrates better structural stability and outstanding cycling performance over 400 cycles.
A miniaturized push–pull-perfusion probe for few-second sampling of neurotransmitters in the mouse brain
Authors: van den Brink Floris T. G. , Phisonkunkasem Thas , Asthana Ashish , Bomer Johan G. , van den Maagdenberg Arn M. J. M. , Tolner Else A. , Odijk Mathieu
Published: March 2019

Measuring neurotransmitters in the brain of living animals is a challenging task, especially when detailed information at high temporal resolution is required.
A high-throughput microfluidic microphysiological system (PREDICT-96) to recapitulate hepatocyte function in dynamic, re-circulating flow conditions
Authors: Tan Kelly , Keegan Philip , Rogers Miles , Lu Mingjian , Gosset James R. , Charest Joe , Bale Shyam Sundhar
Published: March 2019

Microphysiological systems (MPSs) are dynamic cell culture systems that provide micro-environmental and external cues to support physiologically relevant, organ-specific functions.
Microfluidic arenas for war games between neutrophils and microbes
Authors: Ellett Felix , Jalali Fatemeh , Marand Anika L. , Jorgensen Julianne , Mutlu Baris R. , Lee Jarone , Raff Adam B. , Irimia Daniel
Published: March 2019

Nanoliter-scale microfluidic arenas for imaging war games between human neutrophils and microbes at cellular resolution.
Dynamic homeostasis modeling of Zn isotope ratios in the human body
Authors: Jaouen Klervia , Pouilloux Laurent , Balter Vincent , Pons Marie-Laure , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Albarède Francis
Published: March 2019

Recent research performed on volunteers and patients suggested that diet, health, and basal metabolic rates (BMR) are factors controlling the bodily Zn isotope compositions (isotopic homeostasis). However, our poor understanding of the variability of Zn distribution among the different organs and fluids of the human body, and the ensuing isotope fractionation, limits the use of this isotopic system as a typical diagnostic tool for cancers and for past hominin diet reconstructions. Using box model calculations, we investigated the dynamics of Zn isotope variability in blood and other body tissues as well as the consistency of the hypothesis of heavy Zn isotope accumulation through time in the human body. We compare the results of the model with data obtained from control feeding experiments and from archeological samples. Model simulations indicate that the absence of an aging drift in non-circumpolar populations cannot be explained by their lower BMR. We argue that the drift observed in the blood of a circumpolar population results from a differential diet between young and older individuals in this population. When applied to the δ66Zn measured in blood, bones, or teeth, the present box model also offers insight into the isotope composition of the human diet, and therefore into its nature. Applying the model to isotopic observations on the remains of past hominins is a promising tool for diet reconstruction.
Facile synthesis of a nanoporous sea sponge architecture in a binary metal oxide
Authors: Biswal Avijit , Panda Prasanna , Jiang Zhong-Tao , Tripathy Bankim , Minakshi Manickam
Published: March 2019

Facile synthesis of a cobalt–nickel binary metal oxide via a two-step route involving galvanostatic electrodeposition followed by calcination.
Nanotopography-based engineering of retroviral DNA integration patterns
Authors: Jang Yoon-ha , Park Yi-seul , Nam Jung-soo , Yang Yeji , Lee Ji-eun , Lee Kwang-hee , Kang Minho , Chialastri Alex , Noh Hohsuk , Park Jungwon , Lee Jin Seok , Lim Kwang-il
Published: March 2019

Novel engineering approaches based on materials with specific nanotopography can improve control over viral events.
Polymorphic expressions of ultrathin oxidic layers of Mo on Au(111)
Authors: Lee Taehun , Lee Yun-Jae , Palotás Krisztián , Lee Giyeok , Stampfl Catherine , Soon Aloysius
Published: March 2019

Ultrathin MoO3-like nanolayers on a surrogate Au(111) substrate are proposed as new low-dimensional nanomaterials via a unique charge transfer mechanism.
Photoinduced Mn doping in cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Qiao Tian , Parobek David , Dong Yitong , Ha Eunsang , Son Dong Hee
Published: March 2019

Manganese ions were incorporated into CsPbX3 nanocrystals with their morphology and size preserved using a photo-induced post-synthesis doping method.
Topology effects on protein–polymer block copolymer self-assembly
Authors: Suguri Takuya , Olsen Bradley D.
Published: March 2019

Bioconjugates made of the model red fluorescent protein mCherry and synthetic polymer blocks show that topology, i.e. the BA, BA2, ABA and ABC chain structure of the block copolymers, where B represents the protein and A and C represent polymers, has a significant effect on ordering transitions and the type and size of nanostructures formed during microphase separation.
Fe substitution in urchin-like NiCo2O4for energy storage devices
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Long Duanfu , Li Zhong , Zhu Jiliang
Published: March 2019

A composite of NiCo2−xFexO4was designed to investigate the effects of Fe substitution on its energy storage performance.
Site selective adsorption and relocation of SOx in deactivation of Cu–CHA catalysts for NH3-SCR
Authors: Hammershøi Peter S. , Godiksen Anita L. , Mossin Susanne , Vennestrøm Peter N. R. , Jensen Anker D. , Janssens Ton V. W.
Published: March 2019

SO2 selectively interacts with Z-CuOH in Cu–CHA catalysts for NH3-SCR and relocates to Z2-Cu during heating at 550 °C.
Biofuel as an alternative shipping fuel: technological, environmental and economic assessment
Authors: Kesieme Uchenna , Pazouki Kayvan , Murphy Alan , Chrysanthou Andreas
Published: March 2019

Biofuel is a sustainable alternative to conventional marine fuels; the key issues in promoting the use of biofuel in marine transportation are addressed.
Chitosan-based asymmetric topological membranes with cell-like features for healthcare applications
Authors: Jiang Yulin , Deng Yi , Tu Ying , Ay Birol , Sun Xiaodong , Li Yubao , Wang Xiaohong , Chen Xianchun , Zhang Li
Published: March 2019

Chitosan-based guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes are extensively used in orthopedic/stomatological regenerative medicine since chitosan shares many chemical and structural similarities with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix.
Advances in the LiCl salt flux method and the preparation of phase pure La2−xNdxLiHO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) oxyhydrides
Authors: Fjellvåg Øystein Slagtern , Nygård Kristin Hubred , Vajeeston Ponniah , Sjåstad Anja Olafsen
Published: March 2019

Large scale oxyhydride production in a LiCl salt flux dictated by a delicate balance between thermal stability and ionic mobility.
Autophagy inducing cyclic peptides constructed by methionine alkylation
Authors: Qin Xuan , Shi Xiaodong , Tu Licheng , Ma Yue , Zhou Ziyuan , Zhao Rongtong , Zhan Meimiao , Yin Feng , Li Zigang
Published: March 2019

Peptides that induced autophagy at micromolar concentrations with improved proteolytic resistance properties were generated using the facile methionine bis-alkylation method.
Slow-spin relaxation of a low-spin S = 1/2 FeIII carborane complex
Authors: Buades Ana B. , Arderiu Victor S. , Maxwell Lindley , Amoza Martín , Choquesillo-Lazarte Duane , Aliaga-Alcalde Núria , Viñas Clara , Teixidor Francesc , Ruiz Eliseo
Published: March 2019

Slow-spin relaxation through Raman and direct mechanisms of a low-spin S = 1/2 FeIII carborane complex with the metal directly coordinated to the carborane ligand.
A molecular rotor-based turn-on sensor probe for amyloid fibrils in the extreme near-infrared region
Authors: Mudliar Niyati H. , Singh Prabhat K.
Published: March 2019

An efficient fluorescence turn-on probe for amyloid detection in the extreme near-infrared region (>750 nm) with an exceptional red-shift in the absorption maxima is reported.
Direct observation of an intramolecular charge transfer state in epigenetic nucleobase N6-methyladenine
Authors: Zhou Zhongneng , Wang Xueli , Chen Jinquan , Xu Jianhua
Published: March 2019

Solute–solvent H-bonding accelerates excited state relaxation of an intramolecular charge transfer state in N6-methyladenine.
Insights gained into activated sludge nitrification through structural and functional profiling of microbial community response to starvation stress
Authors: Metch Jacob W. , Wang Hong , Ma Yanjun , Miller Jennifer H. , Vikesland Peter J. , Bott Charles , Higgins Matthew , Murthy Sudhir , Pruden Amy
Published: March 2019

An improved understanding of nitrifying microbial communities in wastewater treatment is imperative for proper design and operation of biological nutrient removal systems.
Vitexin ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in male C57BL/6J mice via the AMPKα-mediated pathway
Authors: Peng Ye , Sun Quancai , Xu Weidong , He Yuanqing , Jin Wengang , Yuan Li , Gao Ruichang
Published: March 2019

Vitexin, a bioactive compound isolated from hawthorn leaf extracts, can prevent HFD-induced obesity/adipogenesis via the AMPKα mediated pathway.
Large-scale production of compound bubbles using parallelized microfluidics for efficient extraction of metal ions
Authors: Jeong Heon-Ho , Chen Zhuo , Yadavali Sagar , Xu Jianhong , Issadore David , Lee Daeyeon
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘Large-scale production of compound bubbles using parallelized microfluidics for efficient extraction of metal ions’ by Heon-Ho Jeong et al., Lab Chip, 2019, 19, 665-673.
Synthesis of 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-naphthalene-1,4-dione cocrystals with pyridine-3-carboxamide using electrospray technology: physicochemical characterization and in vitro non-everted rat intestinal absorption study
Authors: Solaimalai Rajalakshmi , Shinde Gajanan , Dharamsi Abhay , Vyawahare Niraj
Published: March 2019

Plumbagin with nicotinamide cocrystals synthesised by electrospray technology demonstrated two-, three- and nine-fold enhancements in solubility, dissolution and permeability coefficient.
Aptamer-induced thermofluorimetric protein stabilization and G-quadruplex nucleic acid staining by SYPRO orange dye
Authors: Deore Prashant S. , Manderville Richard A.
Published: March 2019

Serendipitously discovered nucleic acid staining by SYPRO Orange dye utilized to demonstrate proteins thermal stabilization (increase in melting temperature,Tm) as a function of increased DNA aptamer binding affinity (decrease in dissociation constant,Kd).
Expanding the interlayers of molybdenum disulfide toward the highly sensitive sensing of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Shu Yijin , Zhang Wenbiao , Cai Huaihong , Yang Yang , Yu Xiang , Gao Qingsheng
Published: March 2019

Interlayer-expanded MoS2 was designed for efficient H2O2 sensing due to its metallic electronic configurations and enhanced *OH binding.
Fluorene-fused ladder-type non-fullerene small molecule acceptors for high-performance polymer solar cells
Authors: Ming Ruijie , Zhang Miao , Gao Wei , Ning Weimin , Luo Zhenghui , Zhong Cheng , Zhang Fujun , Yang Chuluo
Published: March 2019

FTTCN-based PSCs exhibited a PCE of 10.56%, with the highest FF of 73.82% for fluorene-based SMAs.
In situ construction of graphdiyne/CuS heterostructures for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Shi Guodong , Fan Zixiong , Du Lili , Fu Xinliang , Dong Changming , Xie Wei , Zhao Dongbing , Wang Mei , Yuan Mingjian
Published: March 2019

GDY/CuS heterostructure electrocatalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.
Synthesis of α-aminoketones fromN-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazolesvia N-sulfinyl imines generated by intramolecular oxygen transfer
Authors: Xu Ze-Feng , Shan Lihong , Zhang Wan , Cen Mengjie , Li Chuan-Ying
Published: March 2019

A sulfinyl imine was generated by intramolecular oxygen transfer of an α-iminocarbene, which led to an α-aminoketonevianucleophilic addition and oxidation.
Synthesis of an open-cage fullerene-based unidirectional H-bonding network and its coordination with titanium
Authors: Zhang Hao , Su Jie , Pan Changwang , Lu Xing , Gan Liangbing
Published: March 2019

Hydroxyl groups formed a unidirectional H-bond network on the rim of an orifice and showed a weak interaction with a water molecule trapped inside a fullerene cage.
Boronic acid-functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots for the ultrasensitive analysis of dopamine based on synergistic quenching effects from IFE and aggregation
Authors: Guo Xinrong , Huang Jianzhi , Zeng Qiang , Wei Yubo , Liu Xuye , Wang Lishi
Published: March 2019

Boronic acid-functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (B-MoS2 QDs) were prepared for application as a rapid and sensitive platform for the quantitative analysis of dopamine.
Ultrafast laser pulse (115 fs) generation by using direct bandgap ultrasmall 2D GaTe quantum dots
Authors: Long Hui , Shi Yihuan , Wen Qiao , Tsang Yuen Hong
Published: March 2019

Mode-locked ultrashort-pulse lasers are obtained by using direct bandgap GaTe quantum dots as a new saturable absorber. The pulse duration obtained is 115 fs.
Proline residues in scavenger receptor-BI's C-terminal region support efficient cholesterol transport
Authors: Proudfoot Sarah C. , Sahoo Daisy
Published: March 2019

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) facilitate reverse cholesterol transport, a process in which HDL removes cholesterol from circulation and carries it to the liver for biliary excretion. Reverse cholesterol transport is also facilitated by HDL's high-affinity receptor, scavenger receptor-BI (SR-BI), by mechanisms that are not fully understood. To improve our understanding of SR-BI function, we previously solved the NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) structure of a peptide encompassing amino acids 405–475 of SR-BI. This segment of SR-BI, that includes the functionally critical C-terminal transmembrane domain and part of the extracellular domain, also contains four conserved proline (Pro) residues. We hypothesized that these proline residues support SR-BI in a conformation that allows for efficient cholesterol transport. To test this, we generated individual Pro-to-alanine mutations in full-length SR-BI and transiently expressed the mutant receptors in COS-7 cells to measure the effects on SR-BI-mediated cholesterol transport functions. Our findings reveal that HDL cell association and uptake of HDL-cholesteryl esters are impaired by mutation of Pro-412, Pro-438, or the transmembrane proline kink residue (Pro-459). In addition, SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux and membrane cholesterol distribution are impaired by mutation of Pro-412 or Pro-438, indicating that these residues are essential for a fully functional SR-BI receptor. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Pro-408 is necessary for proper SR-BI expression, but mutation of Pro-408 does not cause SR-BI to become misfolded or rapidly degraded by the proteasome or the lysosome. We conclude that key proline residues play an important role in SR-BI function by allowing for the efficient transport of cholesterol between cells and HDL.
NOD-like receptors: major players (and targets) in the interface between innate immunity and cancer
Authors: Velloso Fernando J. , Trombetta-Lima Marina , Anschau Valesca , Sogayar Mari C. , Correa Ricardo G.
Published: March 2019

Innate immunity comprises several inflammation-related modulatory pathways which receive signals from an array of membrane-bound and cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The NLRs (NACHT (NAIP (neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein), C2TA (MHC class 2 transcription activator), HET-E (incompatibility locus protein from Podospora anserina) and TP1 (telomerase-associated protein) and Leucine-Rich Repeat (LRR) domain containing proteins) relate to a large family of cytosolic innate receptors, involved in detection of intracellular pathogens and endogenous byproducts of tissue injury. These receptors may recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and/or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), activating host responses against pathogen infection and cellular stress. NLR-driven downstream signals trigger a number of signaling circuitries, which may either initiate the formation of inflammasomes and/or activate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), stress kinases, interferon response factors (IRFs), inflammatory caspases and autophagy. Disruption of those signals may lead to a number of pro-inflammatory conditions, eventually promoting the onset of human malignancies. In this review, we describe the structures and functions of the most well-defined NLR proteins and highlight their association and biological impact on a diverse number of cancers.
Membrane trafficking in osteoclasts and implications for osteoporosis
Authors: Ng Pei Ying , Brigitte Patricia Ribet Amy , Pavlos Nathan John
Published: March 2019

Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells exquisitely adapted to resorb bone matrix. Like other eukaryotes, osteoclasts possess an elaborate ensemble of intracellular organelles through which solutes, proteins and other macromolecules are trafficked to their target destinations via membrane-bound intermediaries. During bone resorption, membrane trafficking must be tightly regulated to sustain the structural and functional polarity of the osteoclasts’ membrane domains. Of these, the ruffled border (RB) is most characteristic, functioning as the osteoclasts' secretory apparatus. This highly convoluted organelle is classically considered to be formed by the targeted fusion of acidic vesicles with the bone-facing plasma membrane. Emerging findings disclose new evidence that the RB is far more complex than previously envisaged, possessing discrete subdomains that are serviced by several intersecting endocytic, secretory, transcytotic and autophagic pathways. Bone-resorbing osteoclasts therefore serve as a unique model system for studying polarized membrane trafficking. Recent advances in high-resolution microscopy together with the convergence of genetic and cell biological studies in humans and in mice have helped illuminate the major membrane trafficking pathways in osteoclasts and unmask the core molecular machinery that governs these distinct vesicle transport routes. Among these, small Rab GTPases, their binding partners and members of the endocytic sorting nexin family have emerged as critical regulators. This mini review summarizes our current understanding of membrane trafficking in osteoclasts, the key molecular participants, and discusses how these transport machinery may be exploited for the development of new therapies for metabolic disorders of bone-like osteoporosis.
LRRK2 links genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kluss Jillian H. , Mamais Adamantios , Cookson Mark R.
Published: March 2019

The past two decades in research has revealed the importance of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in both monogenic and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). In families, mutations in LRRK2 can cause PD with age-dependent but variable penetrance and genome-wide association studies have found variants of the gene that are risk factors for sporadic PD. Functional studies have suggested that the common mechanism that links all disease-associated variants is that they increase LRRK2 kinase activity, albeit in different ways. Here, we will discuss the roles of LRRK2 in areas of inflammation and vesicular trafficking in the context of monogenic and sporadic PD. We will also provide a hypothetical model that links inflammation and vesicular trafficking together in an effort to outline how these pathways might interact and eventually lead to neuronal cell death. We will also highlight the translational potential of LRRK2-specific kinase inhibitors for the treatment of PD.
Transcription in cyanobacteria: a distinctive machinery and putative mechanisms
Authors: Riaz-Bradley Amber
Published: March 2019

Transcription in cyanobacteria involves several fascinating features. Cyanobacteria comprise one of the very few groups in which no proofreading factors (Gre homologues) have been identified. Gre factors increase the efficiency of RNA cleavage, therefore helping to maintain the fidelity of the RNA transcript and assist in the resolution of stalled RNAPs to prevent genome damage. The vast majority of bacterial species encode at least one of these highly conserved factors and so their absence in cyanobacteria is intriguing. Additionally, the largest subunit of bacterial RNAP has undergone a split in cyanobacteria to form two subunits and the SI3 insertion within the integral trigger loop element is roughly 3.5 times larger than in Escherichia coli. The Rho termination factor also appears to be absent, leaving cyanobacteria to rely solely on an intrinsic termination mechanism. Furthermore, cyanobacteria must be able to respond to environment signals such as light intensity and tightly synchronise gene expression and other cell activities to a circadian rhythm.
Recent developments in genetic/genomic medicine
Authors: Horton Rachel H. , Lucassen Anneke M.
Published: March 2019

Advances in genetic technology are having a major impact in the clinic, and mean that many perceptions of the role and scope of genetic testing are having to change. Genomic testing brings with it a greater opportunity for diagnosis, or predictions of future diagnoses, but also an increased chance of uncertain or unexpected findings, many of which may have impacts for multiple members of a person’s family. In the past, genetic testing was rarely able to provide rapid results, but the increasing speed and availability of genomic testing is changing this, meaning that genomic information is increasingly influencing decisions around patient care in the acute inpatient setting. The landscape of treatment options for genetic conditions is shifting, which has evolving implications for clinical discussions around previously untreatable disorders. Furthermore, the point of access to testing is changing with increasing provision direct to the consumer outside the formal healthcare setting. This review outlines the ways in which genetic medicine is developing in light of technological advances.
Safety and security risk assessment in cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Lyu Xiaorong , Ding Yulong , Yang Shuang‐Hua
Published: March 2019

The term cyber physical systems (CPS) refers to a new generation of systems with integrated computational and physical capabilities through computation, communication, and control. In the past decades, related techniques for CPS have been well studied and developed, and are widely applied in the fields such as industrial automation, smart transportation, aerospace, environment monitoring, and smart grids. However, with the expansion of CPS complexity and the enhancement of the system openness, most of CPS become not only safety‐critical but also security‐critical since deeply involving both physical objects and computer networks. In the last decade, it is no longer rare to see safety incidents and security attacks happening in industries. Safety and security issues are increasingly converging on CPS, leading to new situations in which these two closely interdependent issues should now be considered together, rather than separately or in sequence. This paper reviews the existing approaches of risk assessment and management from the perspective of safety, security, and their integration. The comparisons of these approaches are summarised with their pros and cons before the technical gaps between the demand and the current situation of safety and security issues in CPS are identified.
Electron-impact ionization of Fe8+
Authors: Kynienė Aušra , Kučas Sigitas , Masys Šarūnas , Jonauskas Valdas
Published: March 2019

Electron-impact ionization cross sections and Maxwellian rate coefficients are presented for the Fe8+ion by considering processes from the ground and metastable levels. The lifetimes of the levels for the 3s23p53d configuration were analysed using the extended basis of interacting configurations. Convergence of the cross sections for the indirect process due to excitations to the high-nlsubshells was investigated. We demonstrate that excitations to the subshells with orbital quantum numberl = 3 with subsequent autoionization dominate up to electron energies of ∼700 eV for the ground and metastable levels. Modelling of theoretical cross sections obtained for the ground and metastable levels to produce the best fit to the measurements shows that 15% of ions reach the reaction zone in the metastable state. The obtained results contradict the previous work that showed ∼30% for the metastable fraction.
Nuclear γ-ray emission from very hot accretion flows
Authors: Kafexhiu E. , Aharonian F. , Barkov M.
Published: March 2019

Optically thin accretion plasmas can reach ion temperatures Ti ≥ 1010 K and thus trigger nuclear reactions. Using a large nuclear interactions network, we studied the radial evolution of the chemical composition of the accretion flow toward the black hole and computed the emissivity in nuclear γ-ray lines. In the advection dominated accretion flow (ADAF) regime, CNO and heavier nuclei are destroyed before reaching the last stable orbit. The overall luminosity in the de-excitation lines for a solar composition of plasma can be as high as few times 10−5 the accretion luminosity (Ṁc2) and can be increased for heavier compositions up to 10−3. The efficiency of transformation of the kinetic energy of the outflow into high energy (≥100 MeV) γ-rays through the production and decay of π0-mesons can be higher, up to 10−2 of the accretion luminosity. We show that in the ADAF model up to 15% of the mass of accretion matter can “evaporate” in the form of neutrons.
Scaling laws of quasi-periodic pulsations in solar flares
Authors: Pugh C. E. , Broomhall A.-M. , Nakariakov V. M.
Published: March 2019

Context. Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) are a common feature of solar flares, but there has previously been a lack of observational evidence to support any of the theoretical models that might explain the origin of these QPPs.

Aims. We aimed to determine if there are any relationships between the QPP period and other properties of the flaring region, using a previously assembled sample of flares with QPPs. If any relationships exist, then these can be compared with scaling laws for the theoretical QPP mechanisms.

Methods. To obtain the flaring region properties, we made use of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 1600 Å and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) data. The flare ribbons are visible in AIA 1600 Å images, and the positive and negative magnetic polarity ribbons can be distinguished and the magnetic properties determined in the HMI magnetograms. The ribbon properties calculated in this study were the ribbon separation distance, area, total unsigned magnetic flux, and average magnetic field strength. Only the flares that occurred within ±60° of the solar disc centre were included, which meant a sample of 20 flares with 22 QPP signals.

Results. Positive correlations were found between the QPP period and the ribbon properties. The strongest correlations were with the separation distance and magnetic flux. Because these ribbon properties also correlate with the flare duration and because the relationship between the QPP period and flare duration may be influenced by observational bias, we also made use of simulated data to determine whether artificial correlations were introduced. These simulations show that although QPPs cannot be detected for certain combinations of QPP period and flare duration, this does not introduce an apparent correlation.

Conclusions. There is evidence of relationships between the QPP period and flare ribbon properties, and in the future, the derived scaling laws between these properties can be compared to equivalent scaling laws for theoretical QPP mechanisms.
Low albedos of hot to ultra-hot Jupiters in the optical to near-infrared transition regime
Authors: Mallonn M. , Köhler J. , Alexoudi X. , von Essen C. , Granzer T. , Poppenhaeger K. , Strassmeier K. G.
Published: March 2019

The depth of a secondary eclipse contains information of both the thermally emitted light component of a hot Jupiter and the reflected light component. If the day side atmosphere of the planet is assumed to be isothermal, it is possible to disentangle both. In this work, we analyzed 11 eclipse light curves of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-32 b obtained at 0.89 μm in the z′ band. We obtained a null detection for the eclipse depth with state-of-the-art precision, −0.01 ± 0.10 ppt. We confirm previous studies showing that a non-inverted atmosphere model is in disagreement to the measured emission spectrum of HAT-P-32 b. We derive an upper limit on the reflected light component, and thus, on the planetary geometric albedo Ag. The 97.5% confidence upper limit is Ag < 0.2. This is the first albedo constraint for HAT-P-32 b, and the first z′ band albedo value for any exoplanet. This finding disfavors the influence of large-sized silicate condensates on the planetary day side. We inferred z′ band geometric albedo limits from published eclipse measurements also for the ultra-hot Jupiters WASP-12 b, WASP-19 b, WASP-103 b, and WASP-121 b, applying the same method. These values consistently point to a low reflectivity in the optical to near-infrared transition regime for hot to ultra-hot Jupiters.
First direct detection of an exoplanet by optical interferometry
Authors:   GRAVITY Collaboration, Lacour S. , Nowak M. , Wang J. , Pfuhl O. , Eisenhauer F. , Abuter R. , Amorim A. , Anugu N. , Benisty M. , Berger J. P. , Beust H. , Blind N. , Bonnefoy M. , Bonnet H. , Bourget P. , Brandner W. , Buron A. , Collin C. , Charnay B. , Chapron F. , Clénet Y. , Coudé du Foresto V. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Deen C. , Dembet R. , Dexter J. , Duvert G. , Eckart A. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Fédou P. , Garcia P. , Garcia Lopez R. , Gao F. , Gendron E. , Genzel R. , Gillessen S. , Gordo P. , Greenbaum A. , Habibi M. , Haubois X. , Haußmann F. , Henning Th. , Hippler S. , Horrobin M. , Hubert Z. , Jimenez Rosales A. , Jocou L. , Kendrew S. , Kervella P. , Kolb J. , Lagrange A.-M. , Lapeyrère V. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Léna P. , Lippa M. , Lenzen R. , Maire A.-L. , Mollière P. , Ott T. , Paumard T. , Perraut K. , Perrin G. , Pueyo L. , Rabien S. , Ramírez A. , Rau C. , Rodríguez-Coira G. , Rousset G. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Scheithauer S. , Schuhler N. , Straub O. , Straubmeier C. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. J. , Vincent F. , van Dishoeck E. F. , von Fellenberg S. , Wank I. , Waisberg I. , Widmann F. , Wieprecht E. , Wiest M. , Wiezorrek E. , Woillez J. , Yazici S. , Ziegler D. , Zins G.
Published: March 2019

Aims. To date, infrared interferometry at best achieved contrast ratios of a few times 10−4 on bright targets. GRAVITY, with its dual-field mode, is now capable of high contrast observations, enabling the direct observation of exoplanets. We demonstrate the technique on HR 8799, a young planetary system composed of four known giant exoplanets.

Methods. We used the GRAVITY fringe tracker to lock the fringes on the central star, and integrated off-axis on the HR 8799 e planet situated at 390 mas from the star. Data reduction included post-processing to remove the flux leaking from the central star and to extract the coherent flux of the planet. The inferred K band spectrum of the planet has a spectral resolution of 500. We also derive the astrometric position of the planet relative to the star with a precision on the order of 100 μas.

Results. The GRAVITY astrometric measurement disfavors perfectly coplanar stable orbital solutions. A small adjustment of a few degrees to the orbital inclination of HR 8799 e can resolve the tension, implying that the orbits are close to, but not strictly coplanar. The spectrum, with a signal-to-noise ratio of ≈5 per spectral channel, is compatible with a late-type L brown dwarf. Using Exo-REM synthetic spectra, we derive a temperature of 1150 ± 50 K and a surface gravity of 104.3 ± 0.3 cm s2. This corresponds to a radius of 1.17−0.11+0.13 RJup and a mass of 10−4+7 MJup, which is an independent confirmation of mass estimates from evolutionary models. Our results demonstrate the power of interferometry for the direct detection and spectroscopic study of exoplanets at close angular separations from their stars.
The use of anterior cervical interbody spacer with integrated fixation screws for management of cervical disc disease
Authors: El Baz Ehab Adel , Sultan Ahmed Maher , Barakat Ahmed Samir , Koptan Wael , ElMiligui Yasser , Shaker Hesham
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Integrated cage and screw designs were introduced for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and allegedly are superior to anterior plating due to their minimal anterior profile.

Methods: A descriptive study was designed as a prospective case series of 25 patients (30 operated discs) with cervical disc disease treated with a zero-profile cage, and followed up for an average of 16 months (range 12 –18 months). Functional assessment was done with the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for arm and neck pain. Furthermore, Nurick’s classification system for myelopathy based on gait abnormalities was documented. Radiological fusion was confirmed with plain X-rays and when indicated with a CT scan at 12 months postoperatively. Dysphagia was classified according to the Bazaz criteria.

Results: VAS for neck and arm pain, NDI, and Nurick Score immediately improved postoperatively and remained so at 12-month follow-up. Fusion was achieved in 19 patients (95%) at six months and in 20 patients (100%) of the single-level group at one year. At six months 80% (four patients) and at 12 months 100% (five patients) showed complete union in the double-level group.

No evidence of cage subsidence was noted radiographically.

Discussion: The favorable lordosis and fusion rates of the low-profile integrated device are consistent with ACDF using anterior plating. Additionally, improved pain and an acceptable rate of dysphagia support the use of integrated interbody spacers for use in ACDF procedures.
Nowcast and forecast of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) and solar energetic particle (SEP) fluxes in magnetosphere and ionosphere – Extension of WASAVIES to Earth orbit
Authors: Sato Tatsuhiko , Kataoka Ryuho , Shiota Daikou , Kubo Yûki , Ishii Mamoru , Yasuda Hiroshi , Miyake Shoko , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Ueno Haruka , Nagamatsu Aiko
Published: March 2019

Real-time estimation of cosmic-ray fluxes on satellite orbits is one of the greatest challenges in space weather research. Therefore, we develop a system for nowcasting and forecasting the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) and solar energetic particle (SEP) fluxes at any location in the magnetosphere and ionosphere during ground-level enhancement (GLE) events. It is an extended version of the WArning System for AVIation Exposure to SEP (WASAVIES), which can determine event profiles by using real-time data of the count rates of several neutron monitors (NMs) at the ground level and high-energy proton fluxes observed by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) satellites. The extended version, called WASAVIES-EO, can calculate the GCR and SEP fluxes outside a satellite based on its two-line element (TLE) data. Moreover, organ absorbed-dose and dose-equivalent rates of astronauts in the International Space Station (ISS) can be estimated using the system, considering its shielding effect. The accuracy of WASAVIES-EO was validated based on the dose rates measured in ISS, as well as based on high-energy proton fluxes observed by POES satellites during large GLEs that have occurred in the 21st century. Agreement between the nowcast and forecast dose rates in ISS, especially in terms of their temporal structures, indicates the usefulness of the developed system for future mission operations.
Toe Flexor Muscle Strength and Morphological Characteristics of the Foot in Judo Athletes
Authors: Koyama Keiji , Hirokawa Mitsushi , Yoshitaka Yukiharu , Yamauchi Junichiro
Published: March 2019

Whether practicing in judo influences the muscle strength and morphological characteristics of the foot is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the toe flexor muscle strength and morphological characteristics of the foot in judo athletes. Judo athletes (JUDO, men=24) and age-, gender- and body mass-matched physically active healthy subjects (CON, men=24) were recruited, and their toe flexor strength and morphological characteristics of the foot were compared. The maximum isometric toe flexor strength and foot intrinsic muscle thicknesses were measured using a toe grip dynamometer and a B-mode ultrasound, respectively. Foot arch height was assessed as the distance between the navicular tuberosity of the foot and the floor in the sitting and standing positions. JUDO showed a significantly lower foot arch height and smaller foot arch index than CON, whereas foot length and muscle thickness did not significantly differ between groups. The toe flexor strength relative to total muscle thickness was significantly larger in JUDO than CON. The foot arch dynamics was significantly larger in JUDO than CON. This study suggests that exercise training specific to judo may affect the force-generating capacity, morphological structure and arch function of the foot.
Ganganalyse und Gangtraining in der orthopädischen Rehabilitation nach Gelenkersatz – zurück zum normalen Gang, aber wie?
Authors: Jöllenbeck Thomas , Pietschmann Juliane
Published: March 2019

Ganganalysen sowie Gangtraining stellen in der orthopädischen Rehabilitation wichtige Methoden dar, um nach endoprothetischem Gelenkersatz das Gehen wieder zu erlernen. Mehrere Jahre postoperativ zeigen sich jedoch noch deutliche Defizite im Gangbild. Neueste Trainingsmethoden sollen helfen, die am Ende der Rehabilitation noch defizitären Parameter anzusteuern und das Gehen wieder richtig zu erlernen.
Vergleich eines Widerstandstrainings und sensomotorischen Trainings bei Patienten nach vorderer Kreuzbandplastik auf motorische Parameter und klinische Funktion
Authors: Nitzsche Nico , Jatzwauk Anne , Baumgärtel Lutz , Schulz Henry
Published: March 2019

Widerstandstraining und sensomotorisches Training werden in der medizinischen Trainingstherapie zur Funktionswiederherstellung bei Patienten nach Kreuzbandplastik eingesetzt. Ziel der Studie war es, beide Trainingsinhalte auf die Reduktion des bilateralen Kraftdefizits sowie posturale Stabilität, Laxizität und Beweglichkeit an Patienten während ambulanter Rehabilitation zu vergleichen. 28 Patienten mit vorderer Kreuzbandersatzplastik wurden 2 Trainingsgruppen in der medizinischen Trainingstherapie (5 TE / Woche, je 60 Minuten) zugeordnet (Krafttrainingsgruppe: N = 14; Alter: 34,9 ± 9,1 Jahre; Körpergröße: 1,78 ± 0,1 m; Gewicht: 86,0 ± 11,1 kg, BMI: 27,4 ± 3,8 kg/m²; sensomotorische Trainingsgruppe: N = 14; Alter: 33,7 ± 8,7 Jahre; Körpergröße: 1,80 ± 0,1 m; Gewicht: 80,6 ± 16,6; BMI: 24,9 ± 4,7 kg/m²). Zum Beginn und am Ende des Rehabilitationszeitraums wurden Kraft, posturale Stabilität, Bandlaxizität, Beweglichkeit sowie klinische Scores zur Beurteilung der Funktion erhoben. Die Ergebnisse zeigten in beiden Gruppen signifikante Reduktionen des bilateralen Kraftdefizits der Beinstrecker und- beuger (p < 0,05). Im Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) zeigten sich signifikante Verbesserungen (p < 0,05). Die klinischen Funktionsscores zeigten signifikante Zunahmen (p < 0,05). Ebenso konnten eine signifikante Reduktion des Extensionsdefizits und eine Erhöhung der Knieflexion festgestellt werden (p < 0,05). Die posturale Stabilität sowie die Bandlaxizität zeigte keine signifikanten Veränderungen (> 0,05). Der Zwischensubjektfaktor Trainingsgruppe zeigte bei allen untersuchten Parametern keinen signifikanten Effekt (p > 0,05) und rangierte zwischen -0,88 bis 0,54. Es ist festzustellen, dass beide Trainingsinhalte eine vergleichbare Reduktion der Funktionsdefizite bewirken.
Auswirkung der verspäteten Vorstellung von Handinfektionen
beim Handchirurgen – eine retrospektive Single-Center-Studie von 379
Patienten
Authors: Dastagir Khaled , Luketina Rosalia , Kuhbier Joern Wolfgang , Ziegler Andreas , Vogt Peter M. , Könneker Sören
Published: March 2019

Ziel Diese Studie untersucht, inwieweit der Vorstellungszeitpunkt bei
vorliegender Handinfektion (HI) mit der stationären Liegedauer sowie der
Häufigkeit notwendiger Operationen der Patienten korreliert.

Patienten und Methoden Retrospektiv wurden die stationären Krankenakten
von 379 Patienten mit HI, die zwischen 2007 und 2014 an unserer Klinik
(2007–2014) behandelt wurden, statistisch hinsichtlich eines Zusammenhangs
zwischen Vorstellungszeitpunkt und Liegedauer sowie der Häufigkeit notwendiger
Operationen ausgewertet, wobei auch die Infektionsursache Berücksichtigung
fand.

Ergebnisse Im Durchschnitt führte eine um mehr als einen Tag verzögerte
fachchirurgische Vorstellung zu einer längeren Krankenhausverweildauer von 1,22
Tage (KHVD) (95 %-KI: 1,20–1,25; p < 0,001). Die Notwendigkeit einer
operativen Intervention nahm mit jedem Tag Verzögerung um 13,59 % (95 %-KI 4,01
%–25,43 %; p < 0,001) zu. Der verzögerte Beginn einer Antibiotikagabe führte
zur Verlängerung der KHVD um den Faktor 1,09 (95 %-KI: 1,03–1,15; p < 0,001),
wobei jedoch keine Korrelation bestand zwischen Zeitpunkt der Antibiotikagabe
und der Notwendigkeit zur operativen Revision (ja/nein) (p = 0,11).

Schlussfolgerung Eine verspätete Vorstellung von Patienten mit
Handinfektionen führt zu einer längeren stationären Aufenthaltsdauer sowie zu
einer höheren Anzahl an notwendigen Operationen. Eine frühzeitige Vorstellung
von HI beim Handchirurgen ist wichtig, um komplizierte Krankheitsverläufe und
unnötige Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem zu vermeiden.
SL-Fusion – keine Alternative zur Behandlung der
chronischen skapholunären Dissoziation
Authors: Petersen Wiebke , Medved Fabian , Schaller Hans-Eberhard , Daigeler Adrien , Held Manuel
Published: March 2019

Einleitung Die Behandlung der chronischen skapholunären Dissoziation (SLD)
ist derzeit nicht einheitlich und stellt nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung
dar. Sowohl die primäre Bandnaht als auch häufig angewandte ligamentäre
Rekonstruktionsverfahren können keine dauerhaft stabile Verbindung zwischen
Kahnbein und Mondbein schaffen. Aus diesem Grund wird in der vorliegenden Studie
die Wertigkeit einer knöchernen Verbindung als eine Therapieoption zur
Behandlung der chronischen SLD evaluiert.

Ziel Ziel dieser retrospektiven Untersuchung war die radiologische und
klinische Evaluation von Patienten mit skapholunärer Fusion bei chronischer
SLD.

Patienten und Methoden 10 Patienten mit skapholunärer (SL-) Fusion mit
Interposition eines kortikospongiösen Beckenkammspans und
Herbert-Schrauben-Osteosynthese bei symptomatischer, chronischer SLD konnten im
Rahmen einer retrospektiven Studie nach durchschnittlich 7,6 Jahren
nachuntersucht werden. Erfasst wurden die Beweglichkeit, die grobe Kraft, die
Schmerzen, der DASH-, Krimmer- und modifizierte Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS) sowie
das radiologische Ergebnis und die Patientenzufriedenheit.

Ergebnisse Eine primäre knöcherne Heilung wurde in 4 der 10 Fälle erzielt.
Bei 2 weiteren Patienten kam es nach einer Revisionsoperation zur knöchern
konsolidierten SL-Fusion, einmal allerdings unter Einbezug des Kapitatums in die
Teilfusion. 2 Patienten entwickelten eine straffe Pseudarthrose. In 2 Fällen
zeigte sich wiederhin eine skapholunäre Dissoziation, was einmal einer
mediokarpalen Teilversteifung, einmal einer Handgelenksdenervation bedurfte.
Alle Patienten wiesen bei der Nachuntersuchung eine radiokarpale Arthrose auf.
Angesichts der radiologischen Ergebnisse waren die klinischen Ergebnisse
befriedigend bis gut. So berichteten 7 Patienten, sie hätten in Ruhe keine
Schmerzen. Beim MMWS wurden 72 (40–95) Punkte, beim Krimmer-Score 78 (55–100)
Punkte und beim DASH-Score 17 (0–60) Punkte erzielt.

Schlussfolgerung Trotz der befriedigenden und guten klinischen Ergebnisse
der SL-Fusion kann man sie angesichts der primären Versagerquote punkto
knöcherner Heilung von 60 % und der Notwendigkeit zu Revisionsoperation von 40 %
nicht zur Behandlung der chronischen SLD empfehlen.