bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cell responses to the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone
Authors: Bhandari Sabin , Kyrrestad Ingelin , Simón-Santamaría Jaione , Li Ruomei , Szafranska Karolina Joanna , Dumitriu Gianina , Sánchez Romano Javier , Smedsrød Bård , Sørensen Karen Kristine
Published: October 2024

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) which make up the fenestrated wall of the hepatic sinusoids, are active scavenger cells involved in blood waste clearance and liver immune functions. Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid commonly used in the clinic and as cell culture supplement. However, the response is dependent on tissue, cell type, and cell state. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexamethasone on primary mouse LSECs (C57BL/6J); their viability (live-dead, LDH release, caspase 3/7 assays), morphology (scanning electron microscopy), release of inflammatory markers (ELISA), and scavenging functions (endocytosis assays), and associated biological processes and pathways. We have characterized and catalogued the proteome of LSECs cultured for 1, 10, or 48 h to elucidate time-dependent and dexamethasone-specific cell responses. More than 6,000 protein IDs were quantified using tandem mass tag technology and advanced mass spectrometry (synchronous precursor selection multi-notch MS3). Enrichment analysis showed a culture-induced upregulation of stress and inflammatory markers, and a significant shift in cell metabolism already at 10 h, with enhancement of glycolysis and concomitant repression of oxidative phosphorylation. At 48 h, changes in metabolic pathways were more pronounced with dexamethasone compared to time-matched controls. Dexamethasone repressed the activation of inflammatory pathways (IFN-gamma response, TNF-alpha signaling via NF-kB, Cell adhesion molecules), and culture-induced release of interleukin-6, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1, and improved cell viability partly through inhibition of apoptosis. The mouse LSECs did not proliferate in culture. Dexamethasone treated cells showed upregulation of xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (Xdh), and the transcription regulator Foxo1. The drug further delayed but did not block the culture-induced loss of LSEC fenestration. The LSEC capacity for endocytosis was significantly reduced at 48 h, independent of dexamethasone, which correlated with diminished expression of several scavenger receptors and C-type lectins and altered expression of proteins in the endocytic machinery. The glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) was suppressed by dexamethasone at 48 h, suggesting limited effect of the drug in prolonged LSEC culture. Conclusion: The study presents a detailed overview of biological processes and pathways affected by dexamethasone in mouse LSECs in vitro.
Pichia pastoris secreted peptides crossing the blood-brain barrier and DSIP fusion peptide efficacy in PCPA-induced insomnia mouse models
Authors: Mu Xiaoxiao , Qu Lijun , Yin Liquan , Wang Libo , Liu Xiaoyang , Liu Dingxi
Published: October 2024

Background

Pichia pastoris-secreted delta sleep inducing peptide and crossing the blood-brain barrier peptides (DSIP-CBBBP) fusion peptides holds significant promise for its potential sleep-enhancing and neurotransmitter balancing effects. This study investigates these properties using a p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) -induced insomnia model in mice, an approach akin to traditional methods evaluating sleep-promoting activities in fusion peptides.

Aim of the study

The research aims to elucidate the sleep-promoting mechanism of DSIP-CBBBP, exploring its impact on neurotransmitter levels and sleep regulation, and to analyze its composition and structure.

Materials and methods

Using a PCPA-induced insomnia mouse model, the study evaluates the sleep-promoting effects of DSIP-CBBBP. The peptide’s influence on neurotransmitters such as 5-HT, glutamate, dopamine, and melatonin is assessed. The functions of DSIP-CBBBP are characterized using biochemical and animal insomnia-induced behavior tests and compared without CBBBP.

Results

DSIP-CBBBP demonstrates a capacity to modulate neurotransmitter levels, indicated by changes in 5-HT, glutamate, DA, and melatonin. DSIP-CBBBP shows a better restorative effect than DSIP on neurotransmitter imbalance and the potential to enhance sleep.

Conclusion

The study underscores DSIP-CBBBP potential in correcting neurotransmitter dysregulation and promoting sleep, hinting at its utility in sleep-related therapies.
KHSRP knockdown inhibits papillary renal cell carcinoma progression and sensitizes to gemcitabine
Authors: Song Wei , Zhang Heng , Lu Yi , Zhang Houliang , Ni Jinliang , Chang Lan , Gu Yongzhe , Wang Guangchun , Xu Tianyuan , Wu Zonglin , Wang Keyi
Published: October 2024

Patients diagnosed with papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) exhibit a high rate of clinical metastasis; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) participated in pRCC progression and was associated with metastasis. It was positively correlated with the hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. KHSRP inhibition effectively alleviated the cellular function of migration and invasion. Additionally, KHSRP knockdown inhibited the proliferative ability of pRCC cells. A pharmaceutical screening was based on the KHSRP protein structure. Gemcitabine (Gem) decreased KHSRP expression. UIO-66@Gem@si-KHSRP (UGS) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared for targeted delivery and applied in both in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore the clinical transition of KHSRP. UGS NPs exhibited better performance in inhibiting cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion than Gem. Additionally, the in vivo experiment results confirmed their therapeutic effects in inhibiting tumor metastasis with excellent biosafety. The silico analysis indicated that KHSRP knockdown increased cytotoxic cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment to potentiate anti-tumor effects. Thus, KHSRP can promote pRCC progression as an oncogene and serve as a target in clinical transition through UGS NP-based therapy.
Development status and challenges of anti-spoofing technology of GNSS/INS integrated navigation
Authors: Wang Lei , Chen Lei , Li Baiyu , Liu Zhe , Li Zongnan , Lu Zukun
Published: October 2024

The threat of spoofing interference has posed a severe challenge to the security application of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). It is particularly urgent and critical to carry out in-depth defense research on spoofing interference. When combined with the inertial navigation system (INS), the GNSS/INS integrated navigation system offers distinct advantages in the field of anti-spoofing technology research, which has garnered significant attention in recent years. To summarize the current research achievements of GNSS/INS integrated navigation anti-spoofing technology, it is necessary to provide an overview of the three core technical aspects of spoofing attack principles and implementation strategies, spoofing detection, and spoofing mitigation. First, the principles and implementation strategies of spoofing interference attacks are introduced, and different classifications of spoofing interference attacks are given. Then, the performance characteristics and technical points of different spoofing detection and spoofing mitigation methods are compared and analyzed, and the shortcomings and challenges in the current development of GNSS/INS anti-spoofing technology are pointed out. Finally, based on the summary and shortcomings of the existing technology, a prospect for the future development of GNSS/INS integrated navigation anti-spoofing technology is discussed.
Effects of saline-alkali stress on cotton growth and physiochemical expression with cascading effects on aphid abundance
Authors: Gao Yu , Liu Bing , Wei Hongyi , Lu Yanhui
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Environmental stresses, such as soil salinity or alkalinity, usually affect crop growth and secondary plant metabolism, with follow on effects on foliar-feeding insects. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of how saline-alkali stress affects the key cotton pest Aphis gossypii Glover is poorly understood.

Methods

In this study, we first considered effects of three types of saline-alkali stress (i.e., salinity alone, alkalinity alone – both at different concentration – and their mixed effects) on cotton plants. We then measured impacts of stress on (1) above and below plant growth traits (e.g., plant height, leaf area, root volume), (2) levels of nutrients and secondary metabolites in cotton leaves, and (3) feeding behavior, life-table parameters, and population growth of A. gossypii. We then used a path analysis to evaluate cascading effects of changes in plant growth (due to stress) and changes in levels of nutrients or secondary metabolites on growth of individual cotton aphids and aphid populations.

Results

We found either salinity or alkalinity stresses significantly reduced cotton growth, increased the content of tannin, soluble sugars, and proline in the leaves, and suppressed aphid growth and development, (including longevity, fecundity, and intrinsic rate of increase) and aphid population growth. Alkalinity had stronger effects on these traits than did salinity.

Discussion

This work provides insights into the bottom-up interaction mechanism by which these environmental stresses mediate aphid infestation levels in the cotton agricultural ecosystem.
Adapting behavioral activation for patients receiving medications for opioid use disorder in primary care: a pilot study
Authors: Hooker Stephanie A. , Kim Hanmin , Lonergan-Cullum Mary , Busch Andrew M. , Nissly Tanner , Levy Robert
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Effective adjunctive therapeutic treatments for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) on medication for OUD (MOUD) in primary care settings are needed to address high rates of mental illness and stress. Behavioral activation (BA) is a brief, evidence-based therapy that has potential to improve quality of life in people with OUD. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of values-based BA (VBA) as an adjunct treatment for patients receiving MOUD in primary care.

Methods

Participants were recruited for a single-arm pilot trial of BA in a primary care setting. VBA was adapted for people with OUD and included 4–6 sessions delivered over 12 weeks with a behavioral health consultant, either in-person or virtually. Feasibility was assessed as recruitment percent and pace and retention percent. Acceptability was assessed with the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8). Participants completed self-report measures of well-being, depression, substance use, and psychological processes of change at baseline, mid-intervention (6-weeks), and post-intervention (12-weeks). Participants engaged in a brief interview about their experiences at the end of the intervention.

Results

Twenty-one participants enrolled in the intervention (66.7% female, M age = 44.0 years, 19% of those invited). Participants completed an average of 5.1 BA sessions (SD = 1.6) and most (90%) were retained through 12 weeks. Participants rated the intervention as highly acceptable on the CSQ-8 (M = 30.4/32.0, SD = 1.6). In qualitative interviews, participants reported that working with the therapist and setting values-based goals were helpful, while also recommending more tailoring to patients’ needs and offering the program early in MOUD treatment. Preliminary efficacy data suggest the program was associated with small to moderate improvements in life satisfaction (Cohen’s d = 0.25) and positive affect (d = 0.62), whereas there were no changes in depression (d = 0.09) or negative affect (d = −0.07) in a group with low depression at baseline.

Discussion

VBA adapted for patients on MOUD in primary care was feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants. Minor modifications to the target population and treatment manual could increase the program’s impact. Future studies will test the efficacy of the intervention in improving quality of life and OUD treatment outcomes.

Clinical trial registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05262725, Unique ID: NCT05262725.
The effect of augmented reality storybooks on the story comprehension and retelling of preschool children
Authors: Şimşek Emine Ela
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to compare the retelling and story comprehension performance of two groups of preschool children—an experimental and a control group—who experienced printed and augmented reality storybooks. The participant group consisted of 90 participants, with 45 in the experimental group (22 girls, 23 boys) and 45 in the control group (21 girls, 24 boys). The average age of the children was 54.2 months. In the study, the researcher evaluated children’s story-retelling performance using the rubric and used a Story Comprehension Test to measure their story comprehension performance. The researchers utilized the ROAR application to incorporate augmented reality content into the books. In the pre-test phase, the teachers read the designated texts to the children in the experimental and control groups. After the eight-week break, the control group experienced the same texts with printed books, while the experimental group experienced them with augmented reality support. Each child participated individually in the reading process with the teacher. In the study, teachers asked the children to retell the story and asked the questions from the Story Comprehension Test at the end of each book reading section for pre-test and post-test measurements. The pre-test results revealed no significant difference in the two groups’ story-retelling and Story Comprehension Test scores. The post-test results indicated a significant difference in the story-retelling performance and Story Comprehension Test scores between the experimental and control groups, favoring the experimental group. Based on these findings, the augmented reality content can potentially enhance children’s retelling and story comprehension performances.
Impact of psychological resilience and social support on psycho-social adjustment in postoperative patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma: mediating effects of fear of progression
Authors: Li Min , Yu Binyang , He Haiyan , Li Ning , Gao Rui
Published: October 2024

Background

Postoperative patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) confront not only physiological challenges but also psychological and social adaptation issues. It is imperative to enhance psycho-social adjustment (PSA) levels and further improve the quality of life among this population. However, research on PSA levels in postoperative HCC patients is lacking, and investigations into its associations with psychological resilience, social support, and fear of progression (FoP) remain unexplored currently.

Objectives

This study aims to: (1) investigate the current status of PSA and analyze its influencing factors among postoperative HCC patients; (2) explore the interrelationships among psychological resilience, social support, FoP and PSA based on the Chronic Illness Adaptation Model employing a structural equation model.

Methods

Convenience sampling methods were employed to recruit participants from the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery at a tertiary hospital in Xi’an, Shaanxi, China, and a total of 399 patients completed the surveys. The survey instruments included a general information questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), and Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale Self-report (PAIS-SR). Data entry was conducted using Epidata 3.1 with dual verification, followed by statistical analyses performed using SPSS 27.0 and Amos 28.0.

Results

The structural equation model revealed two paths. In Path 1 (psychological resilience → FoP → PSA), the direct effect was −0.383 (95% CI [−0.589, −0.112]), with an indirect effect of −0.075 (95% CI [−0.170, −0.018]). In Path 2 (social support → FoP → PSA), the direct effect was −0.297 (95% CI [−0.587, −0.063]), with an indirect effect of −0.069 (95% CI [−0.156, −0.019]).

Conclusion

Postoperative patients with primary HCC exhibit lower levels of PSA. Higher levels of psychological resilience and social support correspond to elevated PSA levels. Conversely, advanced age, greater financial burden, and increased FoP are associated with lower PSA levels. FoP serves as a partial mediator between psychological resilience and PSA, as well as between social support and PSA. Future research would benefit from longitudinal designs to elucidate the developmental trajectories and causal links among these variables.
Psychological distress and academic success: a two-year study comparing the outcome of two online interventions at a university counseling and consultation service in Italy
Authors: Mammarella Silvia , Giusti Laura , Del Vecchio Sasha , Salza Anna , Casacchia Massimo , Roncone Rita
Published: October 2024

Background

The mental health of college students has been a significant concern in higher education, representing a priority for the institutions. Enhancing effective online interventions could represent excellent support for university counseling services that deal with students’ well-being. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two online interventions provided by the Counseling and Consultation Service for Students (SACS) of the University of L’Aquila (Italy), namely Videochat with Clinical Mental Health consultation (VCMH) and Therapist-supported Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Ts-iCBT), a 12-module asynchronous program for anxiety management. The primary outcome was focused on the emotional well-being of students (GHQ-12). The secondary academic outcome was represented by the attainment of their final degree.

Methods

Students requesting help from the SACS between March 2020 and March 2022 during different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions were asked to fill out a brief structured screening tool and access the PSYDIT.COM platform. Based on their personal preferences, students chose to access one of the two different online interventions: VCMH and Ts-iCBT.

Results

Over the two-year duration of this study, 379 students (267 women, 70.4%) contacted the service. Out of 334 students, 72.5% asked to be included in the Ts-iCBT group, whereas 27.5% expressed a preference for the VCMH group. A statistically significant decrease in emotional distress was obtained by both forms of online intervention, highlighting a better outcome for VCMH. In addition to clinical variables, 28.8% of students who completed online interventions attained their degree, with a statistically significantly higher percentage of graduated students in the Ts-iCBT compared to VCMH group. A high proportion of students (37.7% of total sample) dropped out (DO) of digital interventions, with a statistically significant lower rate of dropouts in the VCMH group.

Conclusions

The effectiveness of online interventions is extremely promising and yields a growing source of suggestions for use in providing more tailored interventions. Videochats and frequent therapist online contacts would be recommended for more severe psychopathological conditions. Students in conditions of moderate and non-severe emotional distress who feel more able to “manage the problem alone” could be addressed to asynchronous online interventions.
Bad dream, nightmares and psychopathology: a systematic review
Authors: Faccini Julie , Del-Monte Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Objective

Bad dreams and nightmares can have a strong psychological impact. However, although the scientific literature points in the direction of an established association between nightmares and psychopathology, many of the studies investigating these links have been carried out on a general population. This systematic literature review aimed to identify studies that have used a sample from a population with a diagnosis of psychopathological disorders or a diagnosis of nightmare disorder, to highlight the state of knowledge concerning the link between bad dreams, nightmares, and psychopathology.

Method

The systematic review included all cross-sectional and longitudinal studies conducted on a psychiatric population in which variables related to bad dreams and/or nightmares were examined and published since 2014. The search was conducted in May 2024 in the PsychINFO and PubMed databases.

Results

A total of 34 studies published over the last decade met the inclusion criteria.

Conclusions

Psychiatric populations are significantly more affected by nightmares and bad dreams than the general population. Furthermore, the presence of nightmares tends to maximize the clinical symptomatology of patients. However, there are still too few studies available to understand the basis of this relationship.
Physical activity motivations and psychological well-being among university students: a canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Zhong Tao
Published: October 2024

With increasing concern about mental health issues and active lifestyles among university students, understanding the interplay between different physical activity motivations and various dimensions of psychological well-being is important. The present study aims to explore the canonical relationship between physical activity motivations based on self-determination theory and psychological well-being according to Ryff’s model in university students. Nine hundred and sixty-six Chinese university students participated in this study. A canonical correlation analysis was conducted using six variables of motivations as predictors of six variables of psychological well-being. The canonical correlation analysis yielded two canonical functions. The first canonical function, which was primary, indicated that intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, identified regulation, and introjected regulation contributed the most to psychological well-being. The second canonical function indicated that a decrease in external motivation and amotivation accounted for an increase in personal growth. This study underscores the importance of elucidating the underlying motivations driving physical activity behaviors in order to enhance psychological well-being in this population.
Low level of awareness and prevention of hepatitis B among Congolese healthcare workers: urgent need for policy implementation
Authors: Shindano Tony Akilimali , Horsmans Yves
Published: October 2024

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a country with many public health challenges, including those related to the prevention and management of viral hepatitis B. Healthcare workers, who are at the frontline of patient care, are particularly at risk of contracting and spreading this virus, especially given its high prevalence in the general population. This paper examines the level of awareness and preventive measures among Congolese healthcare workers. Overall, the data show that health workers are under-immunized and lack formal training in hepatitis B prevention and management. In addition to limited awareness, health facilities are insufficiently involved in the implementation of standardized infection control protocols, the provision of personal protective equipment and routine hepatitis B vaccination programmes. There also appears to be a lack of clear and effective national policies outlining the main axes of infection control targets by 2030. This calls for urgent policy implementation focusing on mandatory vaccination, training, resource availability, adherence to infection control practices and comprehensive post-exposure management.
Search for thermonuclear burst oscillations in the Swift/BAT data set
Authors: Li Qing-Xin , Li Zhaosheng , Pan Yuan-Yue , Falanga Maurizio
Published: October 2024

This study comprehensively analyzes type I X-ray bursts observed by Swift/BAT from 2005 to April 2024 to search for X-ray burst oscillations (XBOs) in neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries. XBOs, periodic signals detected within type I X-ray bursts, typically range from 11 to 620 Hz and are often observed in the soft X-ray data of these bursts. Using the high-sensitivity and precise timing capabilities of the Swift/BAT, we found 50 type I X-ray bursts from 37 neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries. We conducted a detailed timing analysis of these bursts. For sources with known burst oscillation frequencies, our findings largely corroborate previous studies. However, many sources displayed low confidence levels in the oscillation signals, with Z12 values between 10 and 20. For sources without known oscillation/spin frequencies, we utilized FFT analysis to search for signals across a broad frequency range. This approach revealed potential oscillation signals, with several bursts showing significance levels exceeding 3σ, including those from MAXI J1421–613, XTE J1701–407, XMM J174457–2850.3, Swift J1734.5–3027, IGR J17473–2721, Swift J174805.3–244637, Swift J181723.1–164300, and X 1832–330.
Drivers of the food system based on food sovereignty domains: an integrative systematic literature review
Authors: Rivera Igor , Díaz de León Denise , Pérez-Salazar María del Rosario
Published: October 2024

Food sovereignty, as defined by the comprehensive definition offered in the 2007 Nyéléni Forum, encompasses essential action lines for transforming a food system based on food sovereignty principles. Understanding how current food system initiatives align with these principles is essential for identifying the necessary processes of change to drive this transformation. This study aimed to consolidate the contributions of advancements in food sovereignty to the existing literature. A systematic literature review was conducted to achieve this, analyzing 250 papers published between 2008 and 2023. The focus was on the research methods employed by the authors, food initiatives within the domains of food sovereignty, and the key drivers of a food system rooted in food sovereignty principles. The findings revealed that approximately 36% of the studies utilized interviews, surveys, and questionnaires for data collection, while 34% concentrated on targeted fieldwork through case studies. Around 19% of the studies involved in-depth interaction with specific groups, and just under 10% employed document analysis methods. The most extensively discussed domain was the use of agroecological management practices for food production, followed by the valuation of traditional knowledge, the promotion of social justice and equity, self-determination through the transformation of economic and political institutions, and the localization of food production and consumption. The food initiatives outlined overarching goals within each domain of food sovereignty, with three common goals identified across these domains: food security and consumption, environmental stewardship, and crisis preparedness. Furthermore, 29 drivers of a food system based on the domains of food sovereignty were identified, encompassing networks and a holistic approach present in all 5 domains. The study also highlights the implications for supporters of food sovereignty within the context of the identified goals of the food initiatives.
New approach methodologies (NAMs) for the in vitro assessment of cleaning products for respiratory irritation: workshop report
Authors: Haber Lynne T. , Bradley Mark A. , Buerger Amanda N. , Behrsing Holger , Burla Sabina , Clapp Phillip W. , Dotson Scott , Fisher Casey , Genco Keith R. , Kruszewski Francis H. , McCullough Shaun D. , Page Kathryn E. , Patel Vivek , Pechacek Nathan , Roper Clive , Sharma Monita , Jarabek Annie M.
Published: October 2024

The use of in vitro new approach methodologies (NAMs) to assess respiratory irritation depends on several factors, including the specifics of exposure methods and cell/tissue-based test systems. This topic was examined in the context of human health risk assessment for cleaning products at a 1-day public workshop held on 2 March 2023, organized by the American Cleaning Institute® (ACI). The goals of this workshop were to (1) review in vitro NAMs for evaluation of respiratory irritation, (2) examine different perspectives on current challenges and suggested solutions, and (3) publish a manuscript of the proceedings. Targeted sessions focused on exposure methods, in vitro cell/tissue test systems, and application to human health risk assessment. The importance of characterization of assays and development of reporting standards was noted throughout the workshop. The exposure methods session emphasized that the appropriate exposure system design depends on the purpose of the assessment. This is particularly important given the many dosimetry and technical considerations affecting relevance and translation of results to human exposure scenarios. Discussion in the in vitro cell/tissue test systems session focused on the wide variety of cell systems with varying suitability for evaluating key mechanistic steps, such as molecular initiating events (MIEs) and key events (KEs) likely present in any putative respiratory irritation adverse outcome pathway (AOP). This suggests the opportunity to further develop guidance around in vitro cell/tissue test system endpoint selection, assay design, characterization and validation, and analytics that provide information about a given assay’s utility. The session on applications for human health protection emphasized using mechanistic understanding to inform the choice of test systems and integration of NAMs-derived data with other data sources (e.g., physicochemical properties, exposure information, and existing in vivo data) as the basis for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation. In addition, this group noted a need to develop procedures to align NAMs-based points of departure (PODs) and uncertainty factor selection with current human health risk assessment methods, together with consideration of elements unique to in vitro data. Current approaches are described and priorities for future characterization of in vitro NAMs to assess respiratory irritation are noted.
Application of 3D Printing to Design and Manufacture Pancreatic Duct Stent and Animal Experiments
Authors: Xiang Fu , Yao Chenhui , Guan Guoxin , Luo Fuwen
Published: October 2024

Objective: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a common and challenging complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), occurring in 2% to 46% of cases. Despite various pancreaticojejunostomy techniques, an effective method to prevent POPF has not been established. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel 3D-printed biodegradable pancreatic duct stent to simplify the surgical process of pancreaticojejunostomy, reduce anastomotic complexity, and minimize postoperative complications. Methods: Data from 32 patients undergoing total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy were utilized. Preoperative CT scans were transformed into 3D reconstructions to guide the design and printing of customized stents using polylactic acid (PLA). The stents were assessed for mechanical integrity, surface texture, and thermal stability. Animal experiments were conducted on 16 mini pigs, with the experimental group receiving the novel stent and the control group receiving traditional silicone stents. Results: The 3D-printed stents demonstrated accurate dimensional replication and mechanical reliability. In the animal experiments, the experimental group showed no significant difference in postoperative complications compared to the control group. At 4 weeks post-surgery, CT scans revealed well-healed anastomoses in both groups, with no significant inflammation or other complications. Histological examination and 3D reconstruction models confirmed good healing and device positioning in the experimental group. Conclusion: The 3D-printed biodegradable pancreatic duct stent offers a promising solution for pancreaticojejunostomy, with comparable safety and efficacy to traditional methods. Further research is needed to validate its clinical application.
Validation of the Chinese Version of the Body Image Flexibility and Inflexibility Scale among Chinese College Students
Authors: Jiao Ruichao , Zheng Dan , Xue Dongdong , Guo Xiaowei , Meng Hongxing , Wang Xiaozhuang
Published: October 2024

Body image flexibility is a specific type of psychological flexibility relevant to body image. The development of the Body Image Flexibility and Inflexibility Scale (BIFIS) expands the concept and structure of body image flexibility and provides more detailed measurement indicators for theoretical research and clinical practice. However, the tool’s applicability to the Chinese population is still unclear. This study aims to test the reliability and validity of the BIFIS among Chinese college students. A total of 1446 Chinese college students were surveyed and completed a series of scales, including the Chinese version of the BIFIS (i.e., C-BIFIS). A total of 99 participants were retested one month later. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the second-order factor structure of the BIFIS. The C-BIFIS showed measurement invariance across genders. The scale also exhibited good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The higher-order body image flexibility and inflexibility factors were significantly correlated with unidimensional body image flexibility, body satisfaction, body appreciation, intuitive eating, and life satisfaction. Incremental validity tests indicated that two higher-order factors remained unique predictors of intuitive eating and life satisfaction. In conclusion, the Chinese version of the BIFIS has good psychometric properties and could be used to study body image flexibility in Chinese college student populations.
Spatiotemporal Bayesian Machine Learning for Estimation of an Empirical Lower Bound for Probability of Detection with Applications to Stationary Wildlife Photography
Authors: Jaber Mohamed , Breininger Robert D. , Hamad Farag , Kachouie Nezamoddin N.
Published: October 2024

An important parameter in the monitoring and surveillance systems is the probability of detection. Advanced wildlife monitoring systems rely on camera traps for stationary wildlife photography and have been broadly used for estimation of population size and density. Camera encounters are collected for estimation and management of a growing population size using spatial capture models. The accuracy of the estimated population size relies on the detection probability of the individual animals, and in turn depends on observed frequency of the animal encounters with the camera traps. Therefore, optimal coverage by the camera grid is essential for reliable estimation of the population size and density. The goal of this research is implementing a spatiotemporal Bayesian machine learning model to estimate a lower bound for probability of detection of a monitoring system. To obtain an accurate estimate of population size in this study, an empirical lower bound for probability of detection is realized considering the sensitivity of the model to the augmented sample size. The monitoring system must attain a probability of detection greater than the established empirical lower bound to achieve a pertinent estimation accuracy. It was found that for stationary wildlife photography, a camera grid with a detection probability of at least 0.3 is required for accurate estimation of the population size. A notable outcome is that a moderate probability of detection or better is required to obtain a reliable estimate of the population size using spatiotemporal machine learning. As a result, the required probability of detection is recommended when designing an automated monitoring system. The number and location of cameras in the camera grid will determine the camera coverage. Consequently, camera coverage and the individual home-range verify the probability of detection.
Implementation of Liquid Biopsy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Ontario Perspective
Authors: Breadner Daniel , Hwang David M. , Husereau Don , Cheema Parneet , Doucette Sarah , Ellis Peter M. , Kassam Shaqil , Leighl Natasha , Maziak Donna E. , Selvarajah Shamini , Sheffield Brandon S. , Juergens Rosalyn A.
Published: October 2024

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Canada, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for the majority of cases. Timely access to comprehensive molecular profiling is critical for selecting biomarker-matched targeted therapies, which lead to improved outcomes in advanced NSCLC. Tissue biopsy samples are the gold standard for molecular profiling; however, several challenges can prevent timely and complete molecular profiling from being performed, causing delays in treatment or suboptimal therapy selection. Liquid biopsy offers a minimally invasive method for molecular profiling by analyzing circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) and RNA (cfRNA) in plasma, potentially overcoming these barriers. This paper discusses the outcomes of a multidisciplinary working group in Ontario, which proposed three eligibility criteria for liquid biopsy reimbursement: (1) insufficient tissue for complete testing or failed tissue biomarker testing; (2) suspected advanced NSCLC where tissue biopsy is not feasible; and (3) high-risk patients who may deteriorate before tissue results are available. The group also addressed considerations for assay selection, implementation, and economic impact. These discussions aim to inform reimbursement and implementation strategies for liquid biopsy in Ontario’s public healthcare system, recognizing the need for ongoing evaluation as technology and evidence evolve.
Potential Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotube Formation and Their Role in Pathology Spread in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Proteinopathies
Authors: Kotarba Szymon , Kozłowska Marta , Scios Małgorzata , Saramowicz Kamil , Barczuk Julia , Granek Zuzanna , Siwecka Natalia , Wiese Wojciech , Golberg Michał , Galita Grzegorz , Sychowski Grzegorz , Majsterek Ireneusz , Rozpędek-Kamińska Wioletta
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia worldwide. The etiopathogenesis of this disease remains unknown. Currently, several hypotheses attempt to explain its cause, with the most well-studied being the cholinergic, beta-amyloid (Aβ), and Tau hypotheses. Lately, there has been increasing interest in the role of immunological factors and other proteins such as alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43). Recent studies emphasize the role of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in the spread of pathological proteins within the brains of AD patients. TNTs are small membrane protrusions composed of F-actin that connect non-adjacent cells. Conditions such as pathogen infections, oxidative stress, inflammation, and misfolded protein accumulation lead to the formation of TNTs. These structures have been shown to transport pathological proteins such as Aβ, Tau, α-syn, and TDP-43 between central nervous system (CNS) cells, as confirmed by in vitro studies. Besides their role in spreading pathology, TNTs may also have protective functions. Neurons burdened with α-syn can transfer protein aggregates to glial cells and receive healthy mitochondria, thereby reducing cellular stress associated with α-syn accumulation. Current AD treatments focus on alleviating symptoms, and clinical trials with Aβ-lowering drugs have proven ineffective. Therefore, intensifying research on TNTs could bring scientists closer to a better understanding of AD and the development of effective therapies.
Thyroid Hormone Upregulates Cav1.2 Channels in Cardiac Cells via the Downregulation of the Channels’ β4 Subunit
Authors: Carrillo Elba D. , Alvarado Juan A. , Hernández Ascención , Lezama Ivonne , García María C. , Sánchez Jorge A.
Published: October 2024

Thyroid hormone binds to specific nuclear receptors, regulating the expression of target genes, with major effects on cardiac function. Triiodothyronine (T3) increases the expression of key proteins related to calcium homeostasis, such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump, but the detailed mechanism of gene regulation by T3 in cardiac voltage-gated calcium (Cav1.2) channels remains incompletely explored. Furthermore, the effects of T3 on Cav1.2 auxiliary subunits have not been investigated. We conducted quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence experiments in H9c2 cells derived from rat ventricular tissue, examining the effects of T3 on the expression of α1c, the principal subunit of Cav1.2 channels, and Cavβ4, an auxiliary Cav1.2 subunit that regulates gene expression. The translocation of phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (pCREB) by T3 was also examined. We found that T3 has opposite effects on these channel proteins, upregulating α1c and downregulating Cavβ4, and that it increases the nuclear translocation of pCREB while decreasing the translocation of Cavβ4. Finally, we found that overexpression of Cavβ4 represses the mRNA expression of α1c, suggesting that T3 upregulates the expression of the α1c subunit in response to a decrease in Cavβ4 subunit expression.
Role of Na+-K+ ATPase Alterations in the Development of Heart Failure
Authors: Dhalla Naranjan S. , Elimban Vijayan , Adameova Adriana Duris
Published: October 2024

Na+-K+ ATPase is an integral component of cardiac sarcolemma and consists of three major subunits, namely the α-subunit with three isoforms (α1, α2, and α3), β-subunit with two isoforms (β1 and β2) and γ-subunit (phospholemman). This enzyme has been demonstrated to transport three Na and two K ions to generate a trans-membrane gradient, maintain cation homeostasis in cardiomyocytes and participate in regulating contractile force development. Na+-K+ ATPase serves as a receptor for both exogenous and endogenous cardiotonic glycosides and steroids, and a signal transducer for modifying myocardial metabolism as well as cellular survival and death. In addition, Na+-K+ ATPase is regulated by different hormones through the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of phospholemman, which is tightly bound to this enzyme. The activity of Na+-K+ ATPase has been reported to be increased, unaltered and depressed in failing hearts depending upon the type and stage of heart failure as well as the association/disassociation of phospholemman and binding with endogenous cardiotonic steroids, namely endogenous ouabain and marinobufagenin. Increased Na+-K+ ATPase activity in association with a depressed level of intracellular Na+ in failing hearts is considered to decrease intracellular Ca2+ and serve as an adaptive mechanism for maintaining cardiac function. The slight to moderate depression of Na+-K+ ATPase by cardiac glycosides in association with an increased level of Na+ in cardiomyocytes is known to produce beneficial effects in failing hearts. On the other hand, markedly reduced Na+-K+ ATPase activity associated with an increased level of intracellular Na+ in failing hearts has been demonstrated to result in an intracellular Ca2+ overload, the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias and depression in cardiac function during the development of heart failure. Furthermore, the status of Na+-K+ ATPase activity in heart failure is determined by changes in isoform subunits of the enzyme, the development of oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+-overload, protease activation, the activity of inflammatory cytokines and sarcolemmal lipid composition. Evidence has been presented to show that marked alterations in myocardial cations cannot be explained exclusively on the basis of sarcolemma alterations, as other Ca2+ channels, cation transporters and exchangers may be involved in this event. A marked reduction in Na+-K+ ATPase activity due to a shift in its isoform subunits in association with intracellular Ca2+-overload, cardiac energy depletion, increased membrane permeability, Ca2+-handling abnormalities and damage to myocardial ultrastructure appear to be involved in the progression of heart failure.
The Role of Lymph-Adipose Crosstalk in Alcohol-Induced Perilymphatic Adipose Tissue Dysfunction
Authors: Weaver Kourtney D. , Simon Liz , Molina Patricia E. , Souza-Smith Flavia
Published: October 2024

Chronic alcohol use leads to metabolic dysfunction in adipose tissue. The underlying mechanisms and the contribution of alcohol-induced adipose tissue dysfunction to systemic metabolic dysregulation are not well understood. In our previous studies, we found that chronic alcohol feeding induces mesenteric lymphatic leakage, perilymphatic adipose tissue (PLAT) inflammation, and local insulin resistance in rats. The goal of this study was to further explore the link between alcohol-induced lymphatic leakage and PLAT immunometabolic dysregulation, locally and systemically, using in vivo and ex vivo approaches. Male rats received a Lieber–DeCarli liquid diet, of which 36% of the calories were from alcohol, for 10 weeks. Time-matched control animals were pair-fed. Adipokine levels were measured in PLAT, subcutaneous fat, plasma, and mesenteric lymph samples. Glucose tolerance was assessed after 10 weeks. Further, we used a novel ex vivo lymph-stimulated naïve PLAT explant approach to modeling lymph leakage to assess changes in adipokine secretion and expression of proinflammatory markers after stimulation with lymph from alcohol- or pair-fed animals. Our data show that chronic alcohol-fed rats presented PLAT-specific decreases in adiponectin and leptin levels, alterations in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolic pathways, and associated impaired whole-body glucose homeostasis. Further, we found that direct naïve PLAT stimulation with lymph contents from alcohol-fed animals increased IL-6 expression in demonstrating the ability of lymph contents to differentially impact naïve adipose tissue. Overall, chronic alcohol feeding leads to depot-specific alterations in metabolic profile, impaired systemic glucose tolerance, and lymph-induced adipose tissue inflammation. The specific lymph components leading to PLAT immunometabolic dysregulation remain to be determined.
Genetic Diversity Analysis and Fingerprint Construction for 87 Passionfruit (Passiflora spp.) Germplasm Accessions on the Basis of SSR Fluorescence Markers
Authors: Wu Fengchan , Cai Guojun , Xi Peiyu , Guo Yulin , Xu Meng , Li Anding
Published: October 2024

A comprehensive genetic diversity analysis of 87 Passiflora germplasm accessions domesticated and cultivated for several years in the karst region of Guizhou, China, was conducted utilizing simple sequence repeat (SSR) fluorescent markers. These Passiflora species, renowned for their culinary and medicinal value, could bring significant economic and ecological benefits to the region. This study aimed to assess the genetic resources of these species and facilitate the selection of superior cultivars adapted to the karst environment. Our analysis revealed an abundance of SSR loci within the Passiflora transcriptome, with single-base repeats being the most prevalent type. Through rigorous primer screening and amplification, we successfully identified 27 SSR primer pairs exhibiting robust polymorphisms. Further interrogation at eight microsatellite loci revealed 68 alleles, underscoring the high level of genetic diversity present in the cultivated accessions. The average expected heterozygosity was 0.202, with the ssr18 locus exhibiting the highest value of 0.768, indicating significant genetic variation. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.657 indicates the informativeness of these SSR markers. Comparative analyses of the cultivated and potential wild progenitors revealed distinct genetic variations among the different Passiflora types. Genetic structure and clustering analyses of the 87 accessions revealed seven distinct groups, suggesting gene flow and similarities among the resources. Notably, a DNA fingerprinting system was established using eight SSR primer pairs, effectively distinguishing the selected cultivars that had adapted to the karst mountainous region. This study not only deepens our understanding of Passiflora genetic resources in the karst environment but also provides a valuable reference for conservation, genetic improvement, and cultivar selection. The rich genetic diversity of the Passiflora germplasm underscores their potential for sustainable utilization in breeding programs aimed at enhancing the economic and ecological viability of these valuable plant species.