bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZnO thin-film optimization towards the fabrication of high-frequency ultrasound transducers
Authors:   , Sinno Ihab
Published: November 2021

Zinc oxide is a popular wide bandgap semiconductor material with versatile electrical and optical properties. In its wurtzite crystal form, this semiconductor is piezoelectric, and has material properties that make it an attractive candidate for fabricating high frequency ultrasound transducers. This thesis describes the development of an RF sputtering process for creating zinc oxide films with thicknesses ranging from 3μm to 10μm, aiming for transducer frequencies of 300MHz to 1 GHz. Sputtering parameters are optimized to meet the dual requirements of a c-axis film orientation while maintaining a high deposition rate. These constraints and the dimensional characteristics of the utilized sputtering system, such as the short substrate-to-target distance, introduce high levels of strain in the deposited zinc oxide films. Various anneal procedures are developed to reduce film strain and optimize the resulting microstructure. It is found that annealing temperatures > 600°C eliminate the inherent film strain, but simultaneously result in the dewetting of the bottom metal contact, making this thermal treatment unsuitable for device processing. As an alternative to traditional metal contacts used in ultrasound transducers, the use of highly doped zinc oxide contacts is then investigated. It is shown that aluminium doped zinc oxide contacts provide an improved seed layer for device growth while eliminating the dewetting problems associated with metal contacts at high anneal temperatures. In addition, the use of such transparent conductive oxide contacts can lead to novel ultrasound applications, which benefit from the integration of optical and acoustic imaging in a single lens. A proof of concept all-zinc oxide single element ultrasound transducer structure is finally fabricated, to highlight the potential of an integrated optical-acoustic lens design.
Dolls, Diagrams and Drawings: Interviewers’ Perspectives on Visual Aids in Child Witness Interviews
Authors:   , Hill Alexandra
Published: November 2021

In cases of child maltreatment child witnesses are often the sole sources of information about the suspected events, meaning their contribution to an investigation is critical. However, children may find recounting their experiences in sufficient detail challenging (Poole & Bruck, 2012). Visual aids are the tools (e.g. diagrams, drawings, and dolls) forensic interviewers often use in interviews to help children remember or describe their experiences and overcome children’s social and cognitive limitations. Research evaluating these aids indicates that any gains in information, reported by children, are typically accompanied by significant increases in false details, thus compromising the accuracy of accounts (Brown, 2011). The purpose of this study was to establish the extent to which interviewers in New Zealand use visual aids with children, and their knowledge of relevant research and the national interviewing protocol. Thirty-one New Zealand Specialist Child Witness Interviewers completed a questionnaire that assessed how and why they use aids, and their knowledge of, and adherence to, the literature and protocols guiding interviewer practice with visual aids. Interviewers’ responses indicated they used a range of aids, with both younger and older children, for a range of reasons, many of which have not been extensively researched. Generally, interviewers had poor knowledge of the existing research and protocol guidelines, and knowledge did not predict adherence to the recommendations. The findings identify the need to educate interviewers about the evidence-base surrounding various aids, as well as conducting research that more closely reflects how aids are used with children.
Navigating the tensions of flexible work: An exploration of the individual strategies employed by flexibly working parents
Authors:   , Andrejic Natalija
Published: November 2021

The demand for workplace flexibility is growing in New Zealand. The increasing and fragmented employment participation of women has given rise to growing complexity within family lives and higher demand for flexible work. Flexible work arrangements (FWAs) are intended to assist parents in managing care responsibilities, while discouraging unemployment among women in particular. Evidence linking FWA usage with positive work outcomes and reduced work-family conflict has grown in recent years. However, research also suggests a darker side to FWAs. For some, research shows that FWAs may exacerbate work-life balance (WLB) issues and negatively affect career advancement, with indications that attempts to promote WLB can come at the expense of positive work outcomes, and vice versa. As a result, less is known about the factors that shape outcomes for flexibly working parents, or indeed, the individual strategies that parents employ to promote positive outcomes while working flexibly. The complex way in which FWAs can either promote or hinder positive employee outcomes necessitates concurrent examination of the tensions between WLB and career outlooks for users of FWAs. Drawing on the experiences of 21 professional, flexibly working parents across public service organisations, this thesis finds parents navigate the tensions of flexible work using a variety of WLB, work organisation, and career-promoting strategies, with varying effects. Work intensification and efficiency strategies are shown to be commonly used by flexibly working parents for promoting positive work outcomes. However, while work efficiency appears to also promote WLB, work intensification is seen to negatively impact WLB. This research provides valuable insight into flexibly working employee strategies, hitherto largely neglected within the literature, and highlights the need for applying the life course perspective to FWA research.
Improving knowledge transfer: A realist evaluation of the implementation of knowledge transfer pathways by a health research funder
Authors:   , Middleton Lesley
Published: November 2021

Organisations whose mission is to fund health research are increasingly concerned with ensuring that the research they fund is used productively. The resulting interest in the concept of “knowledge transfer” has involved introducing policies to prompt researchers to think about their role, not just as knowledge producers, but as translators of research findings. In New Zealand, researchers can be asked, in their application for funds, to provide an account of what will happen to their research results. They are then judged on the quality of that account. However, little is known about how effectively this type of policy influences researchers to do more to make connections with those who use their findings.  Using the explanatory power of the realist evaluative approach, this thesis examines the implementation of new instructions by the Health Research Council of New Zealand (HRC) for providing knowledge transfer pathways in research applications. A focus of the research is on how these instructions change (or do not change) the mind-set of researchers. Key informant interviews were held, and the scholarly and grey literature examined, to develop an initial theory on how researchers would be influenced by such instructions. Individual interviews were then held with researchers, seeking their reflections on what they had originally written in a specific knowledge transfer pathway and how this then matched up with what actually happened; these interviews were then used to refine the initial theory. Finally, an on-line survey was conducted with those who sat on the HRC’s research assessing committees in the 2014/15 funding round in order to refine the theory further.  The final theory identified six mechanisms, which under different contexts, explain how the HRC’s knowledge transfer policy works (or does not work) to prompt researchers to reason differently. A continuum of reasoning in the form of a dimmer switch was used to explain circumstances where researchers may become more mindful of what is involved in knowledge transfer, but were not likely to markedly change their behaviours. Based on the assumption that the HRC wants to be more active in encouraging researchers to undertake activities other than producing research results, two recommendations are made: (1) knowledge transfer policies should support self-reflexivity by different groups of researchers rather than creating more hoops within the research application process, and (2) the processes by which knowledge transfer sections are judged needs to be strengthened if researchers are going to be confident that this is a “serious” part of the application process.
The Art of Chronic Pain: Creating an Exhibition Proposal on Chronic Pain for a New Zealand Gallery
Authors:   , Wells Melissa
Published: November 2021

The original idea for this research came from a combination of the work that Richard Sandell has done on social inclusion in the United Kingdom, and my personal experiences with chronic pain. The aim of this research is to make known the experiences of chronic pain survivors in New Zealand and also to bring understanding about a range of invisible illnesses where chronic pain is a major symptom. Research methods used include surveys using quota sampling and content analysis, case studies, and an exhibition proposal.  People living with chronic pain make up one in five New Zealanders, meaning just over 900,000 people have this condition/disability/illness. Yet, have you heard anyone talk about it? Cancer is often spoken about, but it only effects around 20,000 New Zealanders. Mental health problems are contemporaneous but only effect approximately 582,000 people in New Zealand. However chronic pain cannot kill, or can it? Many people who have chronic pain have other co-morbid disorders such as depression. Chronic pain needs more publicity, it yearns to be spoken about and understood. People with chronic pain have said that they feel misunderstood and unheard not only by family, friends and colleagues but also by their medical professionals as well.  This research looks at whether there would be support from both the chronic pain community and healthy New Zealanders for an art exhibition about chronic pain. The exhibition would contain art produced by people with chronic pain and depict their daily lives with their condition(s). It also offers a contribution to museum studies and current practice by attending to a gap in the New Zealand literature, not even well covered by overseas literature, on this subject. It is the first dissertation to focus on pain in a museum/gallery setting in New Zealand and opens up public interaction and discussion about a taboo topic.  New Zealand museums and galleries have to have the ability to challenge preconceived opinions and ideas about chronic pain, as well as the opportunity to engage with a large and often invisible community.
The effect of clozapine and MIS416 on demyelination, remyelination and immunomodulation in the murine cuprizone model
Authors:   , Templeton Nicola
Published: November 2021

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disorder of the central nervous system that affects approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease, and the want of an identified cause, treatment of MS remains difficult. Treatments are available, however these are limited in efficacy and are not suitable for all forms of MS. Disease pathology is characterised by the formation of demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) which lead to cognitive and motor impairments associated with the disease. These CNS lesions can be classified as those with immune cell involvement or those without immune cell infiltrate, which are more commonly seen in progressive forms of MS, and currently, there are no treatments available for progressive MS.  Due to the limited options available for treating progressive MS, this thesis aims to identify the therapeutic effect provided by the immunomodulatory compounds, MIS416 and clozapine, in a non-immune mediated model of MS, which is believed to more closely resemble progressive disease. Both of these compounds have been shown previously to reduce disease burden in an immune-driven animal model of MS. To investigate the effect of immune-modulating therapies on lesions without immune cell infiltrate, the cuprizone model of non-immune demyelination was used.  In summary, the work presented in this thesis found that treatment with MIS416 and clozapine led to improved performance on behavioural assays, although neither agent inhibited cuprizone-induced demyelination or enhanced remyelination. The cellular mechanism behind the observed behavioural improvement is yet to be confirmed. MIS416 was able to maintain its previously identified immunomodulatory properties when administered in this novel setting. Moreover, novel changes to serum growth factors were identified that could provide unexpected benefit to MS patients administered MIS416. In addition to reversing cuprizone-induced behavioural deficits, clozapine reduced LPS-driven inflammatory cytokine production by microglia, indicating that clozapine has the ability to directly reduce inflammation, which may benefit progressive MS patients.   Protective effects provided by either of these compounds could aid in the development of unique combination therapies to target both the inflammatory immune component and the cellular components seen at different stages of MS. MIS416 induced changes to serum cytokines and growth factors in the periphery could be harnessed to treat not just MS but other auto-immune diseases characterised by a similar cytokine profile.
A gravity analysis of the Alpine Fault and the DFDP-2 drill site, Whataroa valley, South Westland, South Island, New Zealand
Authors:   , Jenkins Stephen
Published: November 2021

The second phase of drilling into the Alpine Fault (DFDP-2), was completed in the Whataroa River valley, a former glacial valley located in central Westland, South Island, New Zealand. The site is located next to a steep hillside on the hanging-wall, ~1 km southeast of the mapped surface trace of the Alpine Fault. Projection of the hillside suggests a sediment thickness of 100 ± 40 m at the drill site; however, the sediment thickness was approximately double pre-drill estimates. Additionally, the surface expression and shallow geometry of the Alpine Fault in the Whataroa River valley, is not well-defined due to post-glacial burial of the fault zone. This thesis describes a gravity study designed to better constrain sub-surface structure beneath the DFDP-2 drill site and across the Alpine Fault.  During this study, 466 new high-precision gravity observations were collected (standard error = 0.015 mGal) and amalgamated with 134 existing gravity stations, yielding comprehensive coverage of gravity data across the study area. A high density of observations was achieved within pre-determined zones, in addition to regional measurements so that residual gravity anomaly maps could be produced. The maps reveal: a negative residual gravity anomaly interpreted as a dextrally-offset glacial channel at least 350-450 m deep; steep localised gravity gradients near the Alpine Fault and DFDP-2 drill site that are interpreted as faulted and/or eroded boundaries; and a negative gravity anomaly adjacent to the DFDP-2 drill site that is interpreted as the deepest point of an over-deepened glacial lake.  Gravity models were used to estimate the bedrock-sediment interface geometry near the DFDP-2 drill site and Alpine Fault. Structural inversion of the density boundary next to the drill site suggests either a moderately-dipping reverse fault or sub-vertical erosional wall exists beneath the hillside. Additional constraints on physical properties from direct density measurements or seismic velocity determinations and direct constraints on sediment thickness and layer geometry from seismic surveys will in future allow this new high-precision gravity dataset to be modelled more effectively.
The Emergence of Recovery: A Genealogical Exploration of the Forces of Power Shaping New Zealand's Mental Health Services in the 21st Century
Authors:   , Mills Darren
Published: November 2021

Recovery is a conceptual model that underpins New Zealand’s mental health service delivery in the 21st century. This thesis explores how recovery emerged historically as an influential philosophy and how representations of recovery have changed to meet the needs of different groups. An inquiry, based on Foucault’s genealogical method, investigates the historical and contemporary forces of power that have shaped the construction of mental illness, and the development of methods and techniques to support and manage persons labelled as mentally ill. The normalisation of knowledge developed during 19th century psychiatric practice provided a context for later critique and resistance from movements that highlighted the oppressive power of psychiatric discourse. Key to the critique were the antipsychiatry and service user movements, which provided the conditions for the possibility of the emergence of recovery as a dominant discourse. Since its emergence, recovery has moved through a number of representations as it was taken up by different groups. A significant shift in the 21st century has been the dominance of neo-liberal discourse based on consumerism, a rolling back of the state, and an emphasis on individual responsibility. The implications of this shift for users and providers of services and their effects on current representations of recovery conclude the inquiry.
A Longitudinal Investigation of the Sociocultural Adaptation of Brazilian Students in New Zealand
Authors:   , Williamson Jessica
Published: November 2021

Global mobility means increasing numbers of individuals are exposed to potentially stressful experiences in their cross-cultural transition. A process of cultural learning is required to overcome differences between host and home culture during sociocultural adaptation. To study this process, this thesis employed a mixed-methods approach examining adaptive trajectory over a six-month educational exchange. The study analysed a unique population of 279 Brazilian high school students from low SES backgrounds arriving in New Zealand. Results from cross-lagged panel models in Study 1 indicated that higher initial ratings of English progress led to subsequent higher levels of interactions with New Zealanders three months after, which then led to higher ratings of language progress at the final time-point. A longitudinal mediation showed interaction with New Zealanders at the mid-point of the sojourn helped explain increased English ability over time. No longitudinal relations were observed for culture shock, indicating the influence of language progress and interactions with host culture on culture shock may vary across populations. In Study 2, we used thematic analysis on students’ open-ended interview responses to examine what their experiences in the new culture were. Three themes were identified: opportunities, difficulties, and general feelings. The identified themes supported the findings of Study 1 and highlighted the crucial role of language and social support during the students’ experiences. Combined, the studies partially confirmed previous research with our unique sample of Brazilian students, and placed further emphasis on the need to sample different populations in the study of adaptation.
'Not [just] for a name that we plead' : fashioning the ideological origins of early kindergarten in Dunedin and Wellington, New Zealand, 1870 – 1913
Authors:   , Bethell Kerry Corinne
Published: November 2021

This study is about the processes of intellectual transmission of kindergarten pedagogy and its organisational implementation in two geographical sites in colonial New Zealand between 1870 and 1913. It takes as its focus the contribution of women pioneers in shaping kindergarten provision and pedagogy. The central question asked is how, and to what extent, did the genesis of early kindergarten in New Zealand and its role in education and/or social reforms evolve, with particular reference to women's individual and collective work? Much of the research data is drawn for the first time from women's personal manuscripts and organisational records.
The formation of writer identity through writing response groups in the classroom
Authors:   , Piters Andrea
Published: November 2021

Supporting the formation of children's identity as writers in the context of interaction within a writing response group was the focus of this study.  The children in the study were in a composite Year Seven and Eight class. The children were randomly placed in groups of five or six members. Talk in the groups, students' writing journals, and the teacher/researcher's journal were analysed from a socio-cultural perspective to investigate how the group contributed to the formation of children's literate identity.  The analysis revealed that responses served to acknowledge children's writing as interesting and worthy of attention. The acknowledgement created a social energy that contributed to growth in children's writing, enabling children access to the roles they desired in the classroom.  The study highlighted the importance of children being able to form an identity as a writer to enable them to successfully engage in literacy activities.
The Queer Agenda: Exploring the Political Participation of LGBTIQ+ Youth
Authors:   , Fraser Brodie
Published: November 2021

Youth participation literature is yet to fully explore the ways in which young marginalised LGBTIQ+ identifying youth engage in the political sphere. While there is a significant amount of existing literature about youth and their participation habits, research has not quite begun to explore the intersection of youth and LGBTIQ+ marginalisation, and identification, in relation to political participation. This research seeks to address these knowledge gaps, and explore the ways in which high school aged LGBTIQ+ youth in the Wellington region participate in politics. To do so, it organized a survey among Wellington high school students (N=91). The empirical data showed that most of the participants did not view their LGBTIQ+ identity as being political. It also found that the majority of respondents felt as though they have greater political efficacy and ability to make a change as LGBTIQ+ peoples than they do as young citizens under the voting age. Furthermore, the analyses revealed that the extent to which youth feel as though they belong to the queer community positively affects the extent to which they are involved in the LGBTIQ+ community. This research has served to challenge normative assumptions of political participation, and thus broaden understandings of how minority groups perform their citizenship, and engage in politics.
Sense of Home
Authors:   , Atkins Emelia
Published: November 2021

Quality atmospheric conditions and the ability to empower residents has been overlooked in recent social housing developments as they have been strongly economically focused. The demand for inner city social housing within New Zealand has been a pressing issue since the first worker’s dwellings were built in Petone.  Social housing residents are known for their comparatively low incomes and high needs, but this should not mean that they have to dwell in a different standard of housing from other income earners.  Social housing is a reality for a growing portion of our society in New Zealand; the location and quality of housing should not be defined by social stigma and hierarchy. Architecture as a discipline has unique potential to critique existing social housing standards and create diversity of atmosphere that evoke a sense of empowerment amongst residents.  This research explores the manipulation of hybrid prefabrication systems, with the aim of empowering social housing residents through diverse atmospheric conditions.
Bridging Barriers: Study of Refugee Integration in New Zealand Communities
Authors:   , Saini Gaganpreet
Published: November 2021

New Zealand is one of the 26 nations of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) who participate in a regular refugee resettlement program (“New Zealand Refugee Quota Programme”). It is also one of the few countries to have a refugee orientation program upon arrival and dedicates a centre especially to host the incoming refugees. The current refugee quota system in New Zealand provides a 6 week orientation and assessment period followed by dispersal into 6 different cities across New Zealand for permanent resettlement.  Refugees develop friendships and a sense of comfort over the 6 weeks program with all the facilities available at the Resettlement centre. The transition from the centre into the independent housing in suburban locations therefore becomes more challenging due to the lack of induction of refugees into their host communities. Refugees are alienated in their new communities with the locals equally as oblivious to the new settlers. As a result, post settlement engagement with the host society becomes difficult for refugees. The community relations between the refugees and host society is neglected with refugees generally connecting with the same ethnic group (ii, Gray); limiting cross-cultural connections.  This research investigates the role of architecture as a facilitator of social interaction between the refugees and local community to create a strong sense of belonging in the host society. The aim is to explore architectural solutions which can ease the process of resettlement for refugees into the different regions around New Zealand. It seeks to develop a design which offers social engagement that can extend into the society and cross-cultural interaction can be encouraged.
What forms of communication did a music therapy student use in her work with high school students who have special needs, and why?
Authors:   , Curtain Sarah
Published: November 2021

This research project is aimed at answering the question: What forms of communication did a music therapy student use in her work with high school students who have special needs, and why? As communication is one of the primary goals for children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other learning difficulties, (Gadberry 2011) I, as the music therapy student and researcher explored different forms of communication used in my practice and the reasoning behind them using Secondary Analysis of Data and Thematic Analysis. Forms of communication discussed include musical communication, social communication, direct instruction, gestures, key signs from New Zealand Sign Language, verbal communication, visual communication, technology and Augmentative and Alternative Communication systems, and combinations of each. The wide variety of reasons for my use of these forms of communication include, but are not limited to: supporting engagement, encouraging communication, promoting self-regulation, encouraging choice-making and turn-taking, supporting socialization and interaction and reinforcing behavioural messages. The research was informed by my clinical work on placement at a learning support centre for children with special needs at a high school. The concepts of music as therapy and music in therapy are explored in relation to music therapy work involving different forms of communication. My conclusions support the use of various forms of communication in music therapy in special needs education settings when aligned with a focus on music, improvisation and the individual participant.
Negative Capability: Documentary and Political Withdrawal
Authors:   , Gennard Simon
Published: November 2021

This thesis thinks with, alongside, and against several theories of political withdrawal that have emerged during the past three decades as they have been taken up by artists working with documentary video. Political withdrawal here refers to a set of tactics that position themselves in opposition to existing models of belonging, civic engagement, and contestation.  The context in which this study takes place is one in which qualifying for citizenship in the liberal western state increasingly requires one remain transparent, docile, and willing to acquiesce to whatever demands for information the state may make. In response to these conditions, the theories and artworks examined in this thesis all propose arguments in favour of anonymity, opacity, and indeterminacy.   Situating itself, sometimes uncomfortably, within the archives of feminist, queer, and anarchist thought, this thesis engages with selected video works by Martha Rosler, Bernadette Corporation, Hito Steyerl, and Zach Blas in order to understand the ways in which withdrawal may constitute a generative framework for enabling meaningful social change.  These video works are here described as documentary, but not in the conventional sense that they are objective or transparent attempts to capture or record actual fact. Rather the term is understood as a historically pedagogical genre — notably deployed in the service of both oppressive regimes and oppositional movements — that provides a means through which to engage with, and creatively reimagine, political languages. The artists in this study take a critical approach to troubling times. Suspending the truth claims historically associated with documentary, they offer a range of ways to think through how complaint might be articulated and commitment sustained.
The End of the Sea Wall
Authors:   , McStay Shannon
Published: November 2021

With climate change becoming more widely understood, we are beginning to see how this phenomenon is impacting on our ability to live coastally. Coastal properties represent some of the most expensive real estate in the country, however these properties are being battered by increasing storm surges causing coastal erosion and decay to the land on which they sit. This is resulting in people fighting to keep their homes out of the water, along with an increasing need for a solution to keep the water out of their homes. In Raumati, sea walls began appearing in the 1950s with people blocking their individual properties from the ocean with wooden log walls. These walls have continued to get larger, higher and more solid until they have become the rock accumulation, stone path and concrete walls that stand today along almost the entire length of the Kapiti Coast.  The impact of such walls is that, while they protect the land immediately behind them, they cause greater issues further down the coast, causing sections of the coastline to deteriorate at a far more accelerated rate. The aim of this project will be to put an end to the Kapiti sea wall by addressing the site at the southern end of Raumati where this erosion is becoming increasingly evident. Here, the delicate sand dunes are being eaten away by heightened storm surges and an ever-increasing sea level.  Rather than looking at it as a negative effect, this thesis will explore the opportunities that are opened by this decay. The project proposes the reinstating and re-wetting of the once drained wetlands that lie behind the natural dunes. Above these wetlands, a ranger’s hut will act as a home, embassy and church within Queen Elizabeth Park. This allows for a greater sense of custodianship, with more people coming, going and staying within the park. The project outcome will be a building that combines public and private spaces. It will allow for the fluctuation in sea levels to interact with and become a part of the building, rather than being excluded through traditional approaches to dealing with climate change on coastlines. Hence, this ranger’s hut will put an end to the sea wall.
Why are Psychopaths Difficult to Treat? Testing the Two-Component Model for the Treatment of PCL Psychopaths
Authors:   , Daly Tadhg E.
Published: November 2021

Psychopathic personality disorder as conceptualised by the family of scales referred to as the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL), is often cited as a specific responsivity characteristic that will interfere with an otherwise effective treatment programme. However, most research on the treatment of prisoners high on PCL psychopathy asks whether or not they are treatable as opposed to why they are difficult to treat. The Two-Component model (2-C; Wong & Olver, 2015) for the treatment of PCL psychopaths proposes that treatment difficulties observed for those high on PCL psychopathy are primarily caused by the interpersonal and affective personality features of psychopathy represented by PCL Factor 1 (F1). Thus the 2-C model suggests that therapists work around the emotional deficits and disruptive behaviours associated with PCL F1 to focus on changing risk-relevant behaviours that are associated with PCL Factor 2 (F2). In this thesis, we test the assumptions of the 2-C model with a group of high-risk violent men who attended an intensive violence treatment programme and were assessed with a PCL instrument. Specifically, we examined whether the personality features of PCL psychopathy led to more treatment difficulties than the behavioural features by exploring relationships between the factors/facets of the PCL and treatment completion, reconviction, change on dynamic risk, the therapeutic alliance and behaviour during treatment.  In support of the 2-C model we found that PCL:SV Part 1 and its underlying facets were significantly associated with higher rates of removal from treatment, a poorer therapeutic alliance, and lower levels of emotional and performance based behaviours during treatment. Mediation analyses also revealed that the relationships between PCL:SV Part 1 variables and removal were partly explained by lower levels of emotional and performance based behaviours. Also in support of the 2-C model, we found that PCL:SV Part 2 and its underlying facets demonstrated stronger, significant associations with pre-treatment dynamic risk and post-treatment reconvictions when compared with PCL:SV Part 1 variables. Furthermore, poorer performance based behaviours during treatment mediated relationships between PCL:SV Part 2 variables and reconviction outcomes. Several of our findings however, also failed to support or contradicted assumptions of the 2-C model. All these findings are discussed in relation to their implications for the 2-C model, psychopathy treatment research, specific responsivity, the structure of PCL psychopathy, and the utility of the PCL in forensic and legal settings.
Development Impacts of Irregular Migration: A Study from a Central Province in Vietnam
Authors:   , Trinh Hang Thi
Published: November 2021

Migration is often viewed negatively in development policy terms, and much understandings of migration often portray it as a threat to social security in destination countries, however, the sustainable livelihood approach presents migration as a livelihoods strategy, suggesting that policy should, instead, support human mobility. In the current context where regular labour migration offers various consequences resulting in both positive and negative impacts, irregular labour migration, though complex because of its undocumented nature, has become the choice of many unskilled and low-skilled workers from Vietnam. This study employs a case-study qualitative approach to look at the case of irregular migrant workers from a central province of Vietnam migrating overseas for economic purposes. It applies the New Economics of Labour Migration theory and the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and brings together their shared premise of viewing migration as a household calculated strategy to sustain rural livelihoods, to explore whether irregular migration can be a sustainable livelihood strategy for the rural people of Ha Tinh province. The study finds that irregular labour migration is a household calculated strategy and, similar to regular migration, it brings about social and economic benefits that affect the migrants, their families and home communities. Although such migration is complex and vulnerable, it is well thought through by migrants and fits in the context of rural Ha Tinh as a flexible, quick and convenient strategy to gain income for the rural poor. The research also finds that the local people have established their own supporting networks and found their own ways to mitigate the risks and ensure their irregular migration is successful in terms of economic gains. The combination of an economic migration theory and a livelihood approach offers this research an in-depth discussion on the complexity of irregular labour migration and its impacts on various aspects of social and economic development.
Designing a sustainable, medium density housing solution that is an affordable alternative for developers
Authors:   , Saris Milla
Published: November 2021

It has been acknowledged that there is a housing crisis in New Zealand (NZ), particularly in the large urban centres (Hulse, 2015). As a solution, medium density housing developments are becoming more prevalent. However, these developments are controversial in a country that prides itself on its generous housing and open spaces.  Sustainability is also an issue in the NZ architectural environment. NZ is a small country isolated in the South Pacific, so ‘sustainable’ materials must often be imported, this long-distance transportation increasing their cost as well as their carbon footprint. Many products also reference ‘green washing’, with companies misleading consumers into believing their product is environmentally friendly (EnviroMedia Social Marketing, 2017). Legitimately sustainable technologies and materials are often seen as unaffordable, and people (particularly property developers) are not prepared to consider eco-friendly building practices if they do not believe they will get an economic return for their investment.  Because of these factors, New Zealand does not have a dynamic and sustainable medium density housing vernacular. The current research addresses these issues by seeking out materials and technologies for use in a theoretical medium density housing development. The project focuses on finding innovative and sustainable potential solutions for architects, developers, property buyers, and wider community stakeholders. It argues that architectural materials and processes should aim to fit as closely as possible within cradle-to-cradle frameworks involving closed loop production, construction and reuse systems (Braungart & McDonough, 2010).
A permanent tent: A retrospective and reconsideration of the A-Frame Chalet in New Zealand
Authors:   , Svendsen Callan
Published: November 2021

The mid twentieth century A-Frame chalet holds a special place in the memories of generations of New Zealanders. Reminiscent of summer and winter getaways, it is perhaps the most poignant architectural representation of leisure and relaxation.  The novelty of unconventional sleeping arrangements, intimate spatial dynamics and the somewhat ephemeral nature of the typology combined to imbue the A-Frame with a strong emotional association. This research intends to harness the nostalgic connotations and use this, along with contemporary interior architectural theory, to reinterpret the A-Frame as a relevant form of accommodation suitable for twenty-first century vacationers and permanent inhabitants alike.  Early New Zealand A-Frames were supplied as kit sets to be erected by owners with rudimentary knowledge of construction techniques. This ‘low-end’ means of arrival, understandable given the purpose of the dwelling, resulted in a typology that was regarded as a lesser relative to the primary (and more conventional) home. Awkward interior spaces were regarded as novel and tolerable for the duration of the vacation.  There is limited academic publication on the A-Frame Chalet and its place in New Zealand architectural history. The aim of this research is to identify the key proponents of the style and use this as a base for a modern reinterpretation encompassing spatial and material issues.  The modern tendency toward compact housing and preservation of architecturally distinctive buildings favours a new appreciation of the A-Frame. A reevaluation will address limitations of the original and re-interpret the A-Frame from nostalgic novelty to spatially responsive contemporary architecture.
Te Ao Hurihuri
Authors:   , Whiting Tamatamaarangi
Published: November 2021

At the heart of the thesis is the establishment of a new type of landscape practice based upon leveraging the power and potential of computational tools to serve cultural attitudes to land and land management. The research acknowledges that a new approach to landscape understanding is required, one that extends the current discipline’s mode of notation and representation/visualisation and ‘experience’ within the design process. It questions current forms of mapping and representational media and highlights limitations when communicating ‘non-traditional’ cartographic data, such as cultural and spiritual sites arguing that there are opportunities for a more holistic experiential interaction.  By utilising a holistic approach influenced by key Māori kaupapa including kaitiakitanga, manaakitanga, and mauri, the research offers up a novel digital methodology that draws from a range of existing data (demographics, climate etc.) and initiates the creation or capturing of new data.  This extended method of ‘bottom up’ data collection combined with virtual 3D modelling and visualisation, enables traditional understandings of landscape to extend to the experiential in the creation of an immersive, interactive and open collaborative 3D environment. This is further investigated through a process consisting of data conversion to mesh production for game engine use, incorporating diverse data sets to create new knowledge landscapes - an information-rich land model which in turn generates interactive 3D landscapes for end users.  The process itself uses commonplace photogrammetry techniques as a means to capture selected areas of the cultural landscape recording both mesh and texture/image map. We then employ the software ‘Unreal Engine 4’ (Game development platform). The development of the gamification model allows location specific data to be ‘plugged in’ for landscape ecosystem monitoring also providing the potential for real time resource management.  Future speculation of the cultural landscape enables climate events to be simulated and tested, giving an understanding of implications and risks with a view to local response and mitigation. From a design perspective the method/model allows designers to respond effectively with Māori end users and their real needs, potentially collapsing traditional modes of engagement and consultation between designer-client relationships providing a more bottom up collaborative approach.
Intensity at the Edge
Authors:   , Kelly Hannah
Published: November 2021

There is an inherent relationship between New Zealanders and the coast and has become part of our culture and identity. The coastal threshold is a place of emersion in time, surface and weathering process of materials and the marks and traces of time, this thesis explores architectural expression on Wellingtons coastline.  This project proposes the design of a series of six interventions along Wellington’s south coast. This research explores how architecture can respond to the temporality and extreme contextual conditions of the diverse landscapes. By developing an inherent architectural language of shelter that identifies and embodies the contextual and programmatic narrative, this thesis proposes for the occupation of site through a protective and experiential architecture.
“Making Nonsense of the Little Categories”: Slaughterhouse-Five and The Memoirs of a Survivor as autobiographical science fiction
Authors:   , Hight Georgia
Published: November 2021

Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five (1969) and Doris Lessing’s The Memoirs of a Survivor (1974) are both novels that blend autobiography with science fiction. In a review of Vonnegut’s Mother Night, Lessing writes that he “makes nonsense of the little categories”. The same applies to Lessing. These two novels live in the porous borders between genre—between fiction and non-fiction.  Vonnegut writes that he can’t remember much of his experiences in the firebombing of Dresden in the Second World War. The war novel he writes about them has a protagonist who is “unstuck in time”. I frame my discussion of Slaughterhouse around problems of temporal and narrative ordering. Through use of fractured time, repetitions, and the chronotope, Vonnegut finds a way to express his missing and traumatic memories of the war.  Lessing’s memories are of her early childhood in Persia and Southern Rhodesia. These memories are warped, claustrophobic, and difficult to articulate. Like Slaughterhouse, Memoirs fractures time and space. I organise my discussion of Lessing’s novel around the latter, focusing on a literalised porous border: her dissolving living room wall. Borders and portals between spaces in Memoirs blend the dystopian, science-fiction world of the city with the world of Lessing’s memories; dreams with reality; and the static with the dynamic.  I pose several answers to the question of why science fiction and autobiography. A shared occupation of the two authors was a concern for the madness and dissolution of society, and science fiction engages in a tradition of expressing these concerns. Additionally, Vonnegut and Lessing use the tools of a genre in which it is acceptable for time and space to be warped or fractured. These tools not only allow for the expression of memories that are fragmented, difficult, and half forgotten, but produce worlds that mirror the form of these personal memories.
Is Romance Dead? Erich Korngold and the Romantic German Lied
Authors:   , Jamieson Emms Georgia
Published: November 2021

Far from being the operatic aria's less glamorous sister, the Romantic German Lied offers much dramatic scope for the classical performer. It has been described as the “quintessential Romantic genre”: the balanced and harmonious union of the music and text, in which the pianist and singer are equals. As accessible at private music gatherings as in concert halls, the Lied enjoyed popularity in German-speaking countries for over a hundred years, before facing its greatest adversary: Modernism. Romanticism, as an artistic movement, fought to survive in the uncertain musical and political landscape of the twentieth century.  In Erich Korngold, Romantic music found a staunch advocate, and Lieder gained one of its most gifted contributors. Following in the daunting footsteps of Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler, Korngold's unashamedly luscious, rich orchestrations and soaring melodies earned him the nickname “the Viennese Puccini.” A child prodigy, Erich Korngold's rise was swift and glorious; his fall coincided with that of the German Lied and Romanticism itself. Romance may not have “died”, but it became outdated in the twentieth-century push for modernity and innovation across all art forms.  In encyclopedias little is written of Korngold and his compositional output beyond his most famous and enduring opera Die tote Stadt, and his pioneering film scoring in pre- and post-war Hollywood. In my research I will show that Korngold is deserving of a place in the music canon as not only one of the last great composers of Lieder, but one of the last great Romantics, whose life and works sit on the cusp between the old world and the new. Furthermore, I will address the question of whether Romanticism died with the arrival of Modernism and revolutionary experimentation in music, or whether it lives on today, albeit in different forms.