bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisa Faktor Pertumbuhan Tebu Terhadap Berat Nira Tebu (Saccarum officinarum L.)
Authors: Setiawan Sony , Salim Abdurrahman , Irawan Triono Bambang , Asmono Sepdian Luri
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan. Tanaman  Tebu  (Saccarum  officinarum)  adalah  jenis  tanaman  perkebunan  satu musim  atau  siklus  hidupnya  sekali  dalam  satu  tahun. Sifat dari tanaman  tebu  yaitu  batang  tanamannya  mengandung  glukosa.
Metode Pengumpulan Data. Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang sudah tersedia di Pg. Prajekan, meliputi data Panjang batang, Berat batang, Jumlah Ruas dan Berat Nira. Data yang dianalisis menggunakan metode regresi linier berganda. 
Hasil dan Diskusi. Dilihat dari hasil perhitungan anova yaitu bahwa F 816.894 lebih besar dari F Tabel 5% adalah 2.553. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Setiap variabel panjang batang, berat batang, jumlah ruas dan diameter batang secara bersamaan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap variabel berat nira. Variabel panjang batang, jumlah ruas, dan diameter batang secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap variabel berat nira. sedangkan berbeda dengan variabel berat batang yang menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel berat nira.
Simpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa  panjang batang, berat batang, jumlah ruas dan diameter batang secara bersamaan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan.
Pengaruh PGPR Akar Kelapa Sawit dan Trichoderma sp. Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Varietas DXP Simalungun
Authors: Widiyanto Sandi , Wardati Irma , Salim Abdurrahman , Madjid Abdul
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan. Tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) berasal dari Nigeria, Afrika Barat. Pembibitan pada budidaya kelapa sawit ada dua tahap, yaitu pembibitan awal (pre nursery) dan pembibitan utama (main nursery). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi PGPR akar kelapa sawit dan Trichoderma sp. terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit (elaesis guinnesis jacq.) varietas dxp simalungun di akhir main nursery.
Metode Pengumpulan Data. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni – Agustus 2023 di Laboratorium Lapang Politeknik Negeri Jember. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Non Faktorial terdiri dari 4 perlakuan. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 6 ulangan, Adapun perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu perlakuan P0 : tanpa aplikasi PGPR dan Trichoderma sp. P1 : aplikasi PGPR (kerapatan 106  CFU), P2 : aplikasi Trichoderma sp. (kerapatan 109 spora/ml), P3 :aplikasi PGPR (kerapatan 106 CFU) + Trichoderma sp. (kerapatan 109 spora/ml). Parameter yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah pelepah, volume akar.
Hasil dan Diskusi. Aplikasi PGPR dan Trichoderma sp. berpengaruh sangat nyata  terhadap jumlah pelepah 37 MST dan volume akar pada umur 43 MST, berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah pelepah 35 MST dan 39 MST, serta berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang bibit kelapa sawit main nursery.
Simpulan. Aplikasi PGPR dan Trichoderma sp. Berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang bibit kelapa sawit main nursery.
Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Blotong, PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) dan Asam Amino Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) di Kebun Mrawan 1 PG Pradjekan PTPN XI
Authors: Wafiuddin Ahmad Fa'is
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi industri gula Indonesia adalah produktivitas tebu yang rendah yang disebabkan oleh Teknik budidaya yang tidak ideal dan Tingkat kesuburan tanah yang rendah. Untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian dengan memanfaatkan kandungan-kandungan nutrisi, mikroba, dan unsur hara yang ada pada pupuk organik blotong, PGPR, dan asam amino dengan cara mengaplikasikan ke tanaman tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari pemberian pupuk organik blotong, PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria), dan asam amino berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Metode Pengumpulan Data. Plot perlakuan yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan tanaman tebu yang ditanam pada lahan dengan dan tanpa pemberian paket mikrobia (pupuk organik blotong, PGPR, asam amino).
Analisa Data. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah mengumpulkan data untuk dianalisis menggunakan Uji T untuk kedua perlakuan dengan masing-masing 50 sample.
Hasil dan Diskusi. Hasil Penelitian adalah pemberian pupuk organik blotong, PGPR, dan asam amino berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap diameter batang (36 MSA) dengan nilai rata-rata 3,34 cm, brix (36 MSA) dengan nilai 19,95%, serta rendemen (36 MSA) yang mencapai nilai 8,41%..
Simpulan. Pemberian pupuk organik blotong, PGPR, dan asam amino berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tebu.
Identifikasi Morfologi dan Kerapatan SporaMetarhizium anisopliae Selama Penyimpanan Pada Suhu Ruang (25ºC)
Authors: Amanda Vita Risti
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan. Serangan hama pada tanaman merupakan faktor penghambat bagi peningkatan produksi pertanian di Indonesia. Pengendalian hama menggunakan senyawa kimia dengan dosis yang berlebihan akan menimbulkan dampak yang negatif bagi lingkungan sekitar, maka sebab itu perlu dilakukan pengendalian hama secara terpadu (PHT) salah satunya menggunakan cendawan Metarhizium anisopliae. Keefektifan dari cendawan ditentukan oleh spora dari cendawan itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui morfologi dan kerapatan spora dari cendawan Metarhizium anisopliae..
Metode Pengumpulan Data. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif yaitu dengan cara mengamati morfologi dari cendawan mulai dari warna, bentuk dan kerapatan spora dari cendawan tersebut.
Hasil dan Diskusi. Pengamatan pertumbuhan cendawan M.anisopliae secara makroskopis pada 8 HSI menunjukkan cendawan M. anisopliae mengalami awal pertumbuhan koloni berwarna putih, pada 18 HSI pertumbuhan cendawan yang belum sempurna dikarenakan hanya bagian luar media yang mengalami pertumbuhan secara merata sedangkan pada bagian dalam media koloni dari cendawan masih berwarna putih, pada 28 HSI pertumbuhan cendawan M. anisopliae sudah mengalami pertumbuhan yang sempurna dikarenakan warna koloni dari cendawan M. anisopliae sudah merata keseluruh bagian dari media,   pada 38 HSI menunjukkan bahwa cendawan M. anisopliae mengalami perubahan warna pada koloni yang cukup signifikan yaitu hijau kecoklatan bahkan menghitam, pada 48 HSI menunjukkan bahwa cendawan M. anisopliae memiliki warna koloni putih kecoklatan dan menghitam. Pengamatan secara mikroskopis menunjukkan bahwa M. anisopliae memiliki spora yang berbentuk panjang telur hingga silindris dan membentuk rantai, konidia ber sel satu, dengan miselium bersekat, miselium adalah sekumpulan hifa yang membentuk benang benang serta konidiofor berbentuk panjang dan memiliki warna hialin. Kerapatan spora sendiri menunjukkan pada 8 HSI kerapatan spora memiliki nilai 4,20 x 109 spora/ml, pada 18 HSI kerapatan spora menurun menjadi 3,56 x 109 spora/ml, pada 28 HSI cendawan mengalami kenaikan kerapatan spora yang mencapai 4,97 x 109 spora/ml, pada 38 HSI kerapatan spora dari cendawan mengalami penurunan hingga mencapai angka 2,64 x 109 spora/ml dan pada 49 HSI kerapatan spora juga menurun hingga mencapai 1,80 x 109 spora/ml.
Simpulan, Dengan parameter berupa morfologi mikroskopis dan makroskopis dari cendawan serta kerapatan spora menunjukkan bahwa saat pengamatan secara makroskopis cendawan memiliki warna awal koloni putih dan seiring berjalannya waktu cendawan berubah warna menjadi hijau gelap, sedangkan pada saat pengamatan secara mikroskopis cendawan memiliki spora yang berbentuk Panjang telur hingga silindris dan membentuk rantai, konidia ber sel satu, dengan miselium bersekat dan kerapatan spora tertinggi dicapai pada saat cendawan berusia 28 HSI yaitu 49 x 109  spora/ml.
Implementasi SNP 12:2017 pada Perpustakaan SMAN 3, SMAN 13 dan SMAN 16 Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Supianto Adi , Sudiar Nining , Latiar Hadira
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Implementasi Standar Nasional Perpustakaan (SNP 12: 2017) di Perpustakaan SMA Negeri yang ada di Kecamatan Rumbai Kota Pekanbaru, yaitu Perpustakaan SMA Negeri 3 Pekanbaru, Perpustakaan SMA Negeri 13 Pekanbaru, dan Perpustakaan SMA Negeri 16 Pekanbaru.
Metode Pengumpulan Data. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan menyajikan data yang diperoleh berdasarkan obesrvasi di lapangan.
Hasil dan Diskusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir secara keseluruhan ketiga perpustakaan tersebut belum mengimplementasikan Standar Nasional Perpustakaan (SNP 12:2017).
Simpulan. Dari ketiga perpustakaan tersebut perpustakaan SMAN 3 Pekanbaru yang hampir mendekati standar sedangkan dua Perpustakaan SMAN 13 dan SMAN 16 masih jauh dari standar.
“Why are you hiding here?”: Counter-Narrating Antisemitic Master-Narratives in Bernard Malamud’s The Fixer
Authors: Sklar Howard
Published: January 2025

When Mendel Beilis, a Jew, was accused of having murdered a Christian child in Kyiv in 1911, the allegations drew on centuries-old “blood libel” legends, dating back to the Middle Ages, in which Jews purportedly sacrificed Christian children for ritual purposes. While Beilis eventually was acquitted of the charges, the master-narratives that drove them have proved resistant to counter-narration. Bernard Malamud’s 1966 novel The Fixer, by fictionally attempting to retell Beilis’s story through the character of Yakov Bok, provides a “critical reinterpretation […] of dominant narrative models” (Meretoja 2021)—a powerful counter-narrative, not only to the specific tale of Beilis, but also to the longer-standing claims that continue to buttress antisemitism.
Plausibility Under Duress: Counter-Narrative, Suspicion and Folk Forensic Contra-Plotting
Authors: Sorokin Siim
Published: January 2025

How would it portend to analytical contextualization as well as specific theorization when instances where narrative kernels, once weaved into alternative epistemologies, make their way into, and become (re-)”plotted” on an inherently political platform, a session of state Parliament? Motivated by such an inquiry, the present multidisciplinary paper develops its theoretical argument by interrogating the notions of “counter-narrating” and “counter-narrative” cast on the intertwined conceptual landscape of forensics, tracking, and suspicion. The theoretical discussion is advanced further by developing the notions of productive suspicion and contra-plotting. On analytical level, the present chapter maintains that the narrative structure of some parliamentary discourses (presentations, Q&As) may operate much in the same manner as an anonymous forum thread or a reply chain in news’ commentaries. In undertaking this multidisciplinary theoretical discussion and analysis, the aim of this paper is to inform and expand the scholarship on counter-narratives and, in particular, to further solidify the conceptual aspects of the act, or practice, of counter-narrating.
Численный анализ остаточных напряжений при двухстороннем симметричном лазерном ударном упрочнении тонких пластин из титанового сплава ВТ6
Authors: Бартоломей Мария Леонидовна , Изюмова Анастасия Юрьевна , Гачегова Елена Алексеевна , Вшивков Алексей Николаевич , Плехов Олег Анатольевич , Swaroop Sathya
Published: January 2025

Laser shock peening technology allows residual stresses of the first type (according to Davidenkov) to be generated (at a depth of more than 1 mm) in the near-surface zone of products made of metals and alloys. Extensive experimental studies demonstrate that laser shock peening significantly improves their mechanical properties, increases fatigue life, protects against corrosion. However, when applying this technology to products of rather small thickness (e.g., edges of turbine blades, blades of cutting tools) it is necessary to select such parameters of laser pulse impact that will not cause shape change. This paper presents an approach to numerical modelling of the formation of residual stress fields under laser shock treatment when reducing the thickness of products from 3 to 0.35 mm and by varying the magnitude and sequence of laser pulse application. The Johnson-Cook constitutive relation was used for modelling the propagation of elastic-plastic waves. After that, the static calculation of residual stress distribution was performed taking into account the created plastic strain fields. The obtained residual stress fields were compared with each other under different conditions of impact on the workpiece: single-sided treatment; double-sided sequential treatment; double-sided symmetric treatment. Analysis of the calculated stress fields indicated that double-sided symmetric impact is an effective technique for creating a compressive residual stress field in the near-surface zone of products with a thickness of less than 1 mm. At such hardening, it is possible to avoid bending of products and formation of tensile stress fields. It was revealed that, on the one hand, increasing laser intensity (modulo) increases the value of the minimum main residual (compressive) stress in the treatment zone, and, on the other hand, it also increases the maximum main residual (tensile, balancing) stress at a distance from the impact zone.
Влияние геометрических параметров на распространение SH-волн в пьезоэлектрической/пьезомагнитной пластине
Authors: Белянкова Татьяна Ивановна , Ворович Елена Иосифовна
Published: January 2025

The propagation features of horizontally polarized shear waves in a magnetoelectroelastic composite plate in contact with vacuum are investigated within the quasi-static approximation. The plate consists of rigidly coupled piezoelectric and piezomagnetic layers. It is assumed that there are no mechanical stresses on the outer surfaces, and the magnetic potential is zero. Depending on the nature of the specified electrical conditions, problems with electrically open and electrically closed external surfaces are considered. The wave process is initiated by the action of a remote source of harmonic oscillations and is assumed to be steady. The solution of the problems is constructed in Fourier images as an expansion into a set of exponentials. Dispersion equations of the problems, which are presented in a matrix form convenient for numerical implementation, were obtained. Using the example of the PZT-5H/CoFe2O4 plate, the effect of the thickness of each of its layers on the transformation features of phase and group velocities of surface acoustic waves with horizontal polarization (SH-SAW) is established. When changing the geometric parameters, either the plate thickness or the thickness of one of its layers was fixed. Within the framework of the problem with electrically closed external surfaces, significant differences in the behavior of velocities were established depending on the thickness of the piezoelectric and piezomagnetic layers. The conditions for the maximum and minimum effect of the thickness of each layer on the behavior of the 2nd and subsequent SH-SAW modes were determined. It is shown that in the presence of a very thin piezomagnetic layer in the plate, the behavior of the 2nd SAW mode changes significantly: both the mode output frequency and the asymptotic value of the velocity increase. The regularities of the effect of changing the thickness of the piezoelectric and piezomagnetic layers of the plate on the transformation of the electromagnetic-mechanical coupling coefficient in a wide frequency range were revealed. The obtained results are given in dimensionless parameters and can be of interest in the development of new functionally oriented materials, the assessment of their performance characteristics, as well as in the creation of highly efficient devices operating on surface acoustic waves.
Течение ньютоновской жидкости в смесителях различных конфигураций
Authors: Борзенко Евгений Иванович , Гарбузов Дмитрий Николаевич
Published: January 2025

The flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in agitators with solid and anchor blades is analyzed. Mathematical formulation for the problem involves Navier-Stokes and continuity equations in the plane approximation. A solution algorithm is developed based on the control volume method and a SIMPLE correction procedure. The differential equations are discretized with unstructured triangular meshes that take into account the geometric features of the flow region. Tests were performed to verify the approximation convergence and to estimate the order of accuracy of the numerical scheme, as well as to verify the original calculation program. Parametric studies were carried out for Reynolds numbers in range of 0.1-100, which is characteristic of the technology of fluid materials processing in industrial mixers. Distributions of the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the flow were obtained, and the flow patterns, whose specific feature is the presence of circulation zones in paddle agitators of different configurations, were demonstrated. Calculations are done to determine the position of marker particles and the evolution of reference lines, which give a visual representation of the process and demonstrate the presence of areas of uniform and non-uniform mixing. A quantitative mixing quality parameter is introduced to compare agitators of different configurations with each other and to consider the process of mixing over time. The process is evaluated quantitatively by the values of the integral of the dissipative function, which shows the energy consumption, and by the value of the quantitative parameter of the inhomogeneity of the marker particle distribution. The latter allows a more detailed study of the mixing process over the volume over time.
Применение метода сквозного счета для моделирования несмешивающихся жидкостей c большим поверхностным натяжением
Authors: Любимова Татьяна Петровна , Иванцов Андрей Олегович , Хлыбов Олег Анатольевич
Published: January 2025

One of the most important advantages of the level set method is its ability to automatically handle topological changes. Instead of explicitly tracking the interface between the media, the level set method describes them as a zero isosurface of the level set function. This allows numerical modeling of the dynamics of a multiphase fluid as a single medium with varying parameters. It is known that a disadvantage of this approach is the possibility of non-physical oscillations of the velocity field near the interface, which occur at high surface forces due to the error in calculating the curvature of the interface and high gradients of other functions in the transition layer. Another disadvantage of the method is the problem of preserving the masses of liquids during the simulation. In this paper, several modifications of the level set method are described that allow reducing the mass loss of liquids, improving the convergence in the implicit solution of the transport equation, and reducing velocity oscillations near the interface in the case of high values   of the surface tension coefficient. The proposed approaches were tested on a standard test problem of the dynamics of two immiscible liquids.
Zinc finger homeobox-3 (ZFHX3) orchestrates genome-wide daily gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Bafna Akanksha , Banks Gareth , Vasilyev Vadim , Dallmann Robert , Hastings Michael H , Nolan Patrick M
Published: January 2025

The mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), situated in the ventral hypothalamus, directs daily cellular and physiological rhythms across the body. The SCN clockwork is a self-sustaining transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL) that in turn co-ordinates the expression of clock-controlled genes (CCGs) directing circadian programmes of SCN cellular activity. In the mouse, the transcription factor, ZFHX3 (zinc finger homeobox-3), is necessary for the development of the SCN and influences circadian behaviour in the adult. The molecular mechanisms by which ZFHX3 affects the SCN at transcriptomic and genomic levels are, however, poorly defined. Here, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to map the genomic localization of ZFHX3 binding sites in SCN chromatin. To test for function, we then conducted comprehensive RNA sequencing at six distinct times-of-day to compare the SCN transcriptional profiles of control and ZFHX3-conditional null mutants. We show that the genome-wide occupancy of ZFHX3 occurs predominantly around gene transcription start sites (TSS), co-localizing with known histone modifications, and preferentially partnering with clock transcription factors (CLOCK, BMAL1) to regulate clock gene(s) transcription. Correspondingly, we show that the conditional loss of ZFHX3 in the adult has a dramatic effect on the SCN transcriptome, including changes in the levels of transcripts encoding elements of numerous neuropeptide neurotransmitter systems while attenuating the daily oscillation of the clock TF
Bmal1
. Furthermore, various TTFL genes and CCGs exhibited altered circadian expression profiles, consistent with an advanced in daily behavioural rhythms under 12h light-12h dark conditions. Together, these findings reveal the extensive genome-wide regulation mediated by ZFHX3 in the central clock that orchestrates daily timekeeping in mammals.
Altered expression of miRNA profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells following the third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Qiu Guanguan , Zhang Ruoyang , Qian Huifeng , Huang Ruoqiong , Xia Jie , Zang Ruoxi , Le Zhenkai , Shu Qiang , Xu Jianguo , Zheng Guoping , Wang Jiangmei
Published: January 2025

COVID-19 vaccination is the most effective strategy for preventing severe disease and death. Inactivated vaccines are the most accessible type of COVID-19 vaccines in developing countries. Several studies, including work from our group, have demonstrated that the third dose (booster vaccination) of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine induces robust humoral and cellular immune responses. The present study aimed to examine miRNA expression profile in participants who received a homologous third dose of the CoronaVac vaccine. Samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from healthcare volunteers both before and 1–2 weeks after the booster dose. miRNA microarray analysis in a discovery cohort of six volunteers identified 67 miRNAs with differential expression. Subsequently, the expression of six miRNAs related to immune responses was examined in a validation cohort of 31 participants via qRT-PCR. Our results validated the differential expression of miR-25-5p, miR-34c-3p, and miR-206 post-booster, with a significant correlation to the receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that miR-25-5p, miR-34c-3p, and miR-206 may target multiple pathways involved in immune regulation and inflammation. Therefore, our study highlights miR-25-5p, miR-34c-3p, and miR-206 in PBMCs as promising biomarkers for assessing the immune response induced by the booster dose of the CoronaVac vaccine.
Deep water vetulicolians from the lower Cambrian of China
Authors: Ma Shuhan , Kimmig Julien , Schiffbauer James D. , Li Ruibo , Peng Shanchi , Yang Xianfeng
Published: January 2025

Vetulicolians are an enigmatic phylum of extinct Cambrian marine invertebrates. They are particularly diverse in the Chengjiang Biota of China, but representatives have been recovered from other Fossil-Lagerstätten (Cambrian Stage 3-Drumian). These organisms are characterized by a bipartite body, which is split into an anterior section and a posterior segmented section connected by a narrow constriction. Here we report new material of the genus Pomatrum from the Cambrian Balang Biota (Series 2, Stage 4) of Hunan, southern China. This is the first discovery of this vetulicolian outside of the Chengjiang Biota (Series 2, Stage 3) and the first report of vetulicolians from the Balang Biota. This finding not only suggests that this group had a wider spatial and temporal distribution than previously known, but also adds information to the overall biodiversity of the Balang Biota—one of the most important Stage 4 fossil deposits known from Gondwana.
Implementation of the Study Assignment Policy for State Civil Apparatus in the Gorontalo Provincial Government
Authors: Devie Nur Shahrina , Tahir Arifin , Igirisa Irawaty
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine and analyse the level of compliance, smooth routine functions, performance and desired impact on the implementation of the study assignment policy for ASN in the Gorontalo Provincial Government. This research uses qualitative research methods and for data collection researchers combine interviews, documentation and observation. To analyse the data, researchers used the opinion of Miles and Huberman, namely data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusions. The results showed that (1) The level of ASN compliance with the study assignment policy still faces significant challenges, policy implementers, especially BKD Gorontalo Province, have shown a fairly good understanding of the study assignment policy. BKD attempts to comply with regulations by drafting SOPs and providing socialisation. However, there is non-compliance in monitoring and evaluating ASNs who undergo independent study assignments, as well as the lack of understanding of some ASNs about the study assignment policy, including the requirements that must be met. (2) Routine functions carried out by BKD employees are relatively smooth with the support of updated SOPs based on the latest regulations. The main obstacle lies in the limited number of employees handling study assignments, although this number is considered adequate based on workload analysis. (3) The desired performance and impact are in line with expectations. The study assignment policy has a positive impact on improving ASN competence and organisational development. Support in the form of scholarships and end-of-study assistance has helped ASN complete their education. However, policy implementation has not been optimal, especially in terms of delays in issuing study assignment decrees and budget limitations to support the smooth running of the programme.
Cyber Espionage in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Study of State-Sponsored Campaign
Authors: Obioha-Val Onyinye Agatha , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji , Gbadebo Michael Olayinka , Balogun Adebayo Yusuf , Olisa Anthony Obulor
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in state-sponsored cyber espionage, focusing on its dual use in offensive and defensive operations. Using data from the MITRE ATT&CK Framework, FireEye APT Groups Database, UNSW-NB15 Intrusion Detection Dataset, and the Cyber Conflict Tracker by CFR, this research applied network graph analysis, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), ensemble classification models, and Difference-in-Differences (DiD) analysis. Results revealed that AI-driven offensive techniques, phishing (degree centrality 0.85), and adaptive malware (betweenness centrality 0.81) significantly enhance operational precision and scalability. Defensively, ensemble classification models achieved up to 95.8% accuracy, highlighting AI's efficacy in intrusion detection. AI regulatory frameworks reduced misattribution rates by 20% and escalation incidents by 10%, demonstrating their critical role in mitigating geopolitical risks. The findings impress AI's transformative potential in advancing cyber operations and shaping international policy and governance. By addressing challenges such as attribution, escalation risks, and ethical dilemmas, this study highlights the necessity for stronger global cooperation and regulatory frameworks to navigate the dual-use nature of AI, providing actionable insights for policymakers, cybersecurity professionals, and researchers, emphasizing the urgency of aligning technological advancements with strategies for enhancing global cybersecurity resilience.
KVK Institute-Led Initiatives and their Effect on the Knowledge and Adoption of Improved JAKI-9218 Chickpea Cultivar
Authors: Yamini Tadepalli , Devendrappa S. , H. T Vineeth, , Reddy Shashank L
Published: January 2025

The research was conducted during 2020-21 to study potential and economics of improved Chickpea varieties to improve the productivity as well as income of the farmers in Dharwad district of Karnataka. The KVK - Dharwad has been promoting varietal interventions in chickpea under Cluster Frontline Demonstrations since 2018-19. These demonstrations and extension activities have created awareness among farming community on improved technologies with special focus on IPM practices. An attempt was made to study the level of knowledge and extent of adoption of improved practices of chickpea farmers in Dharwad district of Karnataka using ex-post facto research design. Sample size consists of 120 farmers selected randomly from the beneficiary list obtained from KVK- Dharwad. The analysis indicated that 40 per cent of farmers possessed medium level of knowledge whereas 49.17 per cent farmers had medium adoption rate with regard to improved technologies. The economic analysis of Chickpea variety (JAKI- 9218) showed higher net returns of Rs.51, 165/ ha over farmers practice Rs. 44, 325 / ha and B: C ratio of 2.11 under demonstrated practice while it was 1.78 under check practice, indicated the positive effect of improved chickpea cultivar JAKI-9218. Majority of respondents revealed high cost of inputs (Chemicals, fertilizers) and lack of knowledge about balanced use of chemical fertilizers and plant growth regulators was constraint to adopt IPM technologies.
Premenstrual Disorders, Timing of Menopause, and Severity of Vasomotor Symptoms
Authors: Yang Yihui , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur A. , Manson JoAnn E. , Sievert Lynnette Leidy , Harlow Bernard Leslie , Eliassen A. Heather , Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth R. , Lu Donghao
Published: September 2023

Importance

Although premenstrual disorders (PMDs) end at menopause, it is unclear whether they are associated with the timing and symptom severity of menopause.

Objective

To prospectively examine whether women with PMDs have increased risks of early menopause and menopause-related vasomotor symptoms (VMS).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study was nested in the Nurses’ Health Study II (data collected from questionnaire sent between June 1991 and June 2017). Analysis of menopause timing included participants who did not have natural or surgical menopause before study entry, while the analysis of VMS was restricted to women who provided information on VMS. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to March 2023.

Exposures

PMDs were identified by self-reported diagnosis and confirmed with symptom questionnaires from 1991 to 2005. Participants were age-matched to women without PMD diagnoses and confirmed absence of or minimal premenstrual symptoms.

Main Outcomes and Measures

During follow-up through 2017, timing of natural menopause was assessed biennially, and VMS were assessed in 2009, 2013, and 2017. The association of PMDs with early menopause was assessed by Cox proportional hazards models and with VMS by logistic regression models.

Results

Of 1220 included women with PMDs, the median (IQR) age was 40.7 (37.3-43.8) years; of 2415 included women without PMDs, the median (IQR) age was 41.7 (38.3-44.8) years. The median (IQR) follow-up in this study was 20.3 (17.8-22-2) years. Early natural menopause (menopause before age 45 years) was reported by 17 women with PMDs (7.1 per 1000 person-years) and 12 women without PMDs (2.7 per 1000 person-years; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.27-5.59). In addition, 795 women with PMDs (68.3%) and 1313 women without PMDs (55.3%) reported moderate or severe VMS (adjusted odds ratio, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.32-2.14). There was no observed association between PMDs and mild VMS (adjusted odds ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.76-1.28).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of US women, PMDs were associated with increased risks of early menopause and moderate or severe VMS. PMDs may be indicative of underlying physiology linked to early menopause and VMS, suggesting a phenotype observable during the reproductive years that may allow clinicians to target women at risk of earlier menopause and subsequent health risks later in the life course.
Inhibiting SETD7 methyl‐transferase activity impairs differentiation, lipid metabolism and lactogenesis in mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Monteiro Fátima Liliana , Góis André , Direito Inês , Melo Tânia , Neves Bruna , Alves Mariana I. , Batista Inês , Domingues Maria do Rosário , Helguero Luisa A.
Published: September 2023

SETD7 (SET7/9, KMT7) is a lysine methyltransferase that targets master regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, the impact of inhibiting SETD7 catalytic activity on mammary epithelial cell differentiation was studied by focusing on genes associated with epithelial differentiation, lactogenesis, and lipid metabolism in HC11 and EpH4 cell lines. Setd7 mRNA and protein levels were induced upon lactogenic differentiation in both cell lines. Inhibition of SETD7 activity by the compound (R)‐PFI‐2 increased cell proliferation and downregulated E‐cadherin, beta‐catenin, lactoferrin, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 5, and beta‐casein levels. In addition, inhibition of SETD7 activity affected the lipid profile and altered the mRNA expression of the phospholipid biosynthesis‐related genes choline phosphotransferase 1, and ethanolamine‐phosphate cytidylyltransferase. Altogether, the results suggest that inhibiting SETD7 catalytic activity impairs mammary epithelial and lactogenic differentiation.
Relational and physical aggression in preschool‐age children: Associations with teacher, parent, sibling, and peer relationship quality
Authors: Swit Cara S. , Harty Seth C. , Pascoe Shania
Published: September 2023

Early childhood relationships with teachers, parents, siblings, and peers are foundational factors for later social functioning. High rates of childhood aggression have been associated with negative developmental consequences, however, the associations between child aggression on the quality of these formative relationships have not been studied extensively. In a sample of young children attending preschool (N = 114, Mage = 46.27 months, SD = 9.94, 40% girls), this study investigated associations between early childhood relational and physical aggression and the quality of concurrent teacher‐child and parent–child closeness and conflict, sibling relationship quality, and positive peer interactions and peer rejection. Early childhood relational and physical aggression was associated with negative teacher–child relationships, and this was true for boys and girls. Differential patterns of prediction were found for relational and physical aggression on the other relationship variables. Relational aggression strongly predicted more positive peer interactions, whereas physical aggression predicted fewer positive peer interactions and greater peer rejection. Early childhood relational aggression predicted higher levels of teacher‐child closeness, whereas physical aggression predicted lower levels of teacher–child closeness and fewer positive sibling interactions. These findings challenge common perceptions that aggression is negatively associated with relationship quality. Notably, relational aggression relative to physical aggression may be associated with some favorable relationship outcomes. We did not find support for an additive model of aggression whereby children who were both relationally and physically aggressive (co‐morbid) were at higher risk for negative relationship quality. Implications of these findings for future research and prevention and intervention are discussed.
Clinicopathological and circulating cell‐free DNA profile in myositis associated with anti‐mitochondrial antibody
Authors: Wang Yikang , Zhao Yawen , Yu Meng , Wei Luhua , Zhang Wei , Wang Zhaoxia , Yuan Yun
Published: September 2023

Objective

Anti‐mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) are associated with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). We aimed to summarize the clinicopathological characteristics, assess circulating cell‐free mitochondrial DNA (ccf‐mtDNA), and circulating cell‐free nuclear DNA (ccf‐nDNA) in AMA‐associated IIMs.

Methods

Medical records of 37 IIMs patients with AMAs were reviewed. Circulating cell‐free mtDNA and ccf‐nDNA levels in sera from IIMs patients with AMAs (n = 21), disease controls (n = 66) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 23) were measured and compared. Twenty‐eight immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) patients, 23 dermatomyositis (DM) patients, and 15 anti‐synthetase syndrome (ASS) patients were enrolled as disease controls. Correlations between variables were analyzed.

Results

Limb weakness was observed in 75.7% and neck weakness in 56.8% of patients. Cardiac involvement occurred in 51.4% of patients. Muscle pathology revealed 81.1% of IMNM, 5.4% polymyositis, and 13.5% nonspecific myositis. Microinfarction was observed in 8.1% of patients. Serum ccf‐mtDNA levels in AMA‐associated IIMs were significantly higher than those in HCs (p < 0.001), but no significant differences between AMA‐associated IIMs and IMNM, DM, or ASS. Serum ccf‐nDNA levels in AMA‐associated IIMs were significantly higher than those in HCs (p = 0.02), and significantly lower than those in DM (p = 0.02). Serum ccf‐nDNA levels correlated negatively with MMT8 total scores (rs = −0.458, p = 0.037) and positively with mRS scores (rs = 0.486, p = 0.025). Serum ccf‐nDNA levels were significantly higher in the non‐remission group (p < 0.01).

Interpretation

AMA‐associated IIMs exhibit distinct clinicopathological features. Serum ccf‐nDNA may serve as a potential marker for disease severity and prognosis in AMA‐associated IIMs.
Reimagining the Rheumatology Fellowship Interview: Using Participatory Design‐Thinking Process to Create a More Applicant‐Centered Experience
Authors: Kumar Bharat , Feng Alick , Gheriani Gatr‐alnada , Iftekhar Ayesha , Ni Ruoning , Dimachkie Mohamad , Gokalp Gizem , Bazigh Izza , Moy Lindsay , Chao Chen , Lingamaneni Ankitha , Patel Axi , Cepero Gretchen Santana , Iqtidar Tariq , Thoene Patricia Bruffey , Knaack Aaron , Swee Melissa L. , Suneja Manish , Davis Benjamin
Published: September 2023

Objective

Design thinking is a creative problem‐solving process used to better understand users’ needs and experiences so that a product or service can be improved. Its emphasis on empathy, iterative prototyping, and participatory collaboration make it an ideal methodology for innovation in medical education. We apply this framework to the virtual rheumatology fellowship interview process so that interviews can become more applicant centered.

Methods

This educational quality improvement project uses a design‐thinking framework to identify opportunities and challenges for rheumatology fellowship applicants. The investigators use the 5‐step process (Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, Test) and incorporate rapid qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews to innovate the interview experience. The iterative and collaborative nature of this process has empowered participants to codesign an applicant‐centered interview experience.

Results

Interviews with fellowship applicants (n = 9), fellow physicians (n = 4), and faculty members (n = 3) identified three major dynamics of the interview process: (1) Is it a safe environment to ask questions? (2) How do I exchange information effectively? and (3) How do I fit all these data into the bigger picture? Creative brainstorming techniques at a series of three workshops yielded four prototypes emphasizing customization, hybridization, facilitation, and preparation. A finalized applicant‐centered interview template was devised in preparation for the 2023‐2024 application season.

Conclusion

Design thinking has yielded insights into three important dynamics that drive applicant experiences. These insights allow for a redesign of processes so that virtual interviews can be more applicant centered. This framework allows for further iterations and modifications as the needs of applicants and programs evolve over time.
Self‐Adaptive Perception of Object's Deformability with Multiple Deformation Attributes Utilizing Biomimetic Mechanoreceptors
Authors: Lin Waner , Wang Ziya , Xu Yingtian , Hu Zhixian , Zhao Wenyu , Zhu Zhihao , Sun Zhenglong , Wang Guoxing , Peng Zhengchun
Published: September 2023

The perception of object's deformability in unstructured interactions relies on both kinesthetic and cutaneous cues to adapt the uncertainties of an object. However, the existing tactile sensors cannot provide adequate cutaneous cues to self‐adaptively estimate the material softness, especially in non‐standard contact scenarios where the interacting object deviates from the assumption of an elastic half‐infinite body. This paper proposes an innovative design of a tactile sensor that integrates the capabilities of two slow‐adapting mechanoreceptors within a soft medium, allowing self‐decoupled sensing of local pressure and strain at specific locations within the contact interface. By leveraging these localized cutaneous cues, the sensor can accurately and self‐adaptively measure the material softness of an object, accommodating variations in thicknesses and applied forces. Furthermore, when combined with a kinesthetic cue from the robot, the sensor can enhance tactile expression by the synergy of two relevant deformation attributes, including material softness and compliance. It is demonstrated that the biomimetic fusion of tactile information can fully comprehend the deformability of an object, hence facilitating robotic decision‐making and dexterous manipulation.
Force‐Triggered Self‐Destructive Hydrogels
Authors: Rajasooriya Tharindu , Ogasawara Hiroaki , Dong Yixiao , Mancuso Joseph Nicholas , Salaita Khalid
Published: September 2023

Self‐destructive polymers (SDPs) are defined as a class of smart polymers that autonomously degrade upon experiencing an external trigger, such as a chemical cue or optical excitation. Because SDPs release the materials trapped inside the network upon degradation, they have potential applications in drug delivery and analytical sensing. However, no known SDPs that respond to external mechanical forces have been reported, as it is fundamentally challenging to create mechano‐sensitivity in general and especially so for force levels below those required for classical force‐induced bond scission. To address this challenge, the development of force‐triggered SDPs composed of DNA crosslinked hydrogels doped with nucleases is described here. Externally applied piconewton forces selectively expose enzymatic cleavage sites within the DNA crosslinks, resulting in rapid polymer self‐degradation. The synthesis and the chemical and mechanical characterization of DNA crosslinked hydrogels, as well as the kinetics of force‐triggered hydrolysis, are described. As a proof‐of‐concept, force‐triggered and time‐dependent rheological changes in the polymer as well as encapsulated nanoparticle release are demonstrated. Finally, that the kinetics of self‐destruction are shown to be tuned as a function of nuclease concentration, incubation time, and thermodynamic stability of DNA crosslinkers.
Multifunctional PtCuTe Nanosheets with Strong ROS Scavenging and ROS‐Independent Antibacterial Properties Promote Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Guo Yaru , Ding Shuai , Shang Changshuai , Zhang Chenguang , Li Menggang , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Heng Boon Chin , Zhang Shihan , Mei Feng , Huang Ying , Zhang Xuehui , Xu Mingming , Jiang Jiuhui , Guo Shaojun , Deng Xuliang , Chen Lili
Published: September 2023

Nanozymes, as one of the most efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐scavenging biomaterials, are receiving wide attention in promoting diabetic wound healing. Despite recent attempts at improving the catalytic efficiency of Pt‐based nanozymes (e.g., PtCu, one of the best systems), they still display quite limited ROS scavenging capacity and ROS‐dependent antibacterial effects on bacteria or immunocytes, which leads to uncontrolled and poor diabetic wound healing. Hence, a new class of multifunctional PtCuTe nanosheets with excellent catalytic, ROS‐independent antibacterial, proangiogenic, anti‐inflammatory, and immuno‐modulatory properties for boosting the diabetic wound healing, is reported. The PtCuTe nanosheets show stronger ROS scavenging capacity and better antibacterial effects than PtCu. It is also revealed that the PtCuTe can enhance vascular tube formation, stimulate macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and improve fibroblast mobility, outperforming conventional PtCu. Moreover, PtCuTe promotes crosstalk between different cell types to form a positive feedback loop. Consequently, PtCuTe stimulates a proregenerative environment with relevant cell populations to ensure normal tissue repair. Utilizing a diabetic mouse model, it is demonstrated that PtCuTe significantly facilitated the regeneration of highly vascularized skin, with the percentage of wound closure being over 90% on the 8th day, which is the best among the reported comparable multifunctional biomaterials.
Steaming‐Assisted Conversion: A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Anatase TiO2, Nb, and W‐doped Anatase TiO2 2D Inverse Opal Films
Authors: Li Hua , Deng Yufei , Brüning Ralf , Liu Yuwei , Robichaud Jacques , Liang Jian , Jiang Weihui , Djaoued Yahia
Published: September 2023

Steaming‐assisted conversion route, a new strategy, is first adapted for the synthesis of highly crystallized anatase TiO2 2D inverse opal (IO) monolayer films, and then to Nb‐doped TiO2 and W‐doped TiO2 2D IO monolayer films. Pure water, ammonia, or HCl solutions are used as a source of steaming vapor to convert dry films of amorphous TiO2 IO, NbCl5/TiO2, and WCl6/TiO2 composite IOs into anatase TiO2, Nb‐doped TiO2, and W‐doped TiO2 IO films. This new strategy renders possible the doping of metal ions within the framework of the anatase TiO2 IO films under low temperature and liquid‐free conditions. Further, the ordered array structure of the IO films is also effectively retained. The low steaming conversion temperature allows high dopant rates of homogeneously distributed heteroatoms, resulting in Nb doping as high as ≈34%. The thus prepared TiO2, Nb‐doped TiO2, and W‐doped TiO2 anatase IO films are successfully used as active electrodes in the fabrication of electrochromic devices.