bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emil Lasks Auslegung der Wissenschaftslehre
Authors: Ferraguto Federico
Published: December 2024

Dieser Aufsatz untersucht Emil Lasks kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der Philosophie Johann Gottlieb Fichtes, insbesondere bezüglich der Konzeptualisierung von Irrationalität und Realität im Rahmen der transzendentalen Philosophie. Lask interpretiert Fichtes Ansatz zu Wissen und Realität durch eine einzigartige Perspektive und vertritt die Ansicht, dass die Realität, obwohl sie jenseits des Wissens existiert, dieses von einer externen, doch integralen Perspektive aus formt. Diese Interaktion spiegelt eine fundamentale Irrationalität wider, die dem Ursprung des Wissens innewohnt und empirische Grenzen übersteigt. Der Aufsatz hebt hervor, wie Fichte und Lask die traditionellen Grenzen des Rationalismus und Realismus herausfordern, indem sie ein dynamisches Zusammenspiel zwischen dem Rationalen und dem Irrationalen vorschlagen. Lasks Analyse belebt nicht nur Fichtes Ideen neu, sondern leistet auch einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur aktuellen Debatte über Realismus, indem sie für ein philosophisches Verständnis wirbt, das die nicht-empirischen Dimensionen der Realität und ihre wertgetriebenen Implikationen berücksichtigt.
Fichte et le problème de la rationalité juridique
Authors: Guyot Laurent
Published: December 2024

Resumé

On a coutume de considérer qu’il y a un revirement complet qui s’opère chez Fichte entre ses Considérations sur la Révolution française de 1793 et son Fondement du droit naturel de 1796 en vertu de ce que le droit naturel et la morale ne sont pas dissociés dans la première œuvre et le deviennent complètement dans la seconde. Sans doute, le droit naturel est bien posé en 1793 comme l’expression de la loi morale dans les phénomènes, au lieu qu’il est affirmé comme une science distincte de la morale en 1796. Il y aurait donc là une évolution bien connue de sa philosophie et non un problème. Pourtant, c’est faire fi de la complexité de la rationalité juridique chez Fichte que de s’en tenir à une simple lecture discontinuiste. Cet article voudrait montrer que ces deux œuvres que l’on oppose traditionnellement ne représentent pas deux visions inconciliables de la rationalité juridique, mais plutôt deux aspects complémentaires de la même rationalité juridique. En effet, selon que le Moi est pris sous le rapport de sa destination ou de sa genèse, deux perspectives différentes mais conciliables s’ouvrent sur le droit.
Das neoliberale Paradigma von Rationalität unter der Lupe der Transzendentalphilosophie J. G. Fichtes
Authors: d’Alfonso Matteo Vincenzo
Published: December 2024

In diesem Artikel wird das neoliberale Modell von Rationalität dem Verständnis der Rationalität gegenübergestellt, das Fichte in der Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre vorschlägt.

Der erste Teil dreht sich um Foucaults Verbindung zwischen Gouvernementalität und Rational Choice Model.

Im zweiten Teil werde ich die Handlungstheorie von Ludwig von Mises erörtern, die er in seinem Meisterwerk von 1940, Nationalökonomie. Eine Theorie des Handelns, aufarbeitet. Denn obwohl er die Rational Choice Theory nicht selbst formulierte, gilt er als beispielhafter Vertreter eines anthropologischen Musters, in dem menschliches Handeln, Wahl, Rationalität und Wirtschaft eng voneinander abhängen.

Im dritten Teil des Artikels kommt J. G. Fichte ins Spiel und seine in der Grundlage vorgeschlagene Rationalitätskonzeption zur Geltung. Denn die ganze Anthropologie von von Mises, auf welche sich die Möglichkeit des vernünftigen Handelns des homo oeconomicus überhaupt stützt, kann darauf zurückgeführt werden, was Fichte allein im zweiten, theoretischen Teil der Grundlage darstellt, dem Fichte allerdings einen dritten, praktischen Teil folgen lässt, in dem er die Gründung und die Rechtfertigung, ja die authentischen Bedingungen der Möglichkeit jenes theoretischen Handelns bzw. der Intelligenz in der Entfaltung der praktischen Vernunft darstellt.
First records of Triassic Diptera (Insecta) from Africa
Authors: LUKASHEVICH ELENA DMITRIEVNA
Published: December 2024

Diptera often dominate fossil insect assemblages since the Jurassic but are much less common in the Triassic deposits, especially in the southern Pangaea, where only five species have previously been described—from Australia and Argentina. A single indeterminate Triassic dipteran from Africa has earlier been mentioned without a description. Herein, three dipteran pupae are described from the later Carnian Molteno Formation (Karoo Basin) in South Africa. One of these represents a new species of Metarchilimonia (Limoniidae), the genus previously known from the Norian Cow Branch Formation in the USA. The two other, incomplete pupae are placed in Chironomidae inc. sed. and Culicomorpha inc. sed. A complete list and a distribution map of Triassic Diptera are compiled, and the apparent geographical homogeneity of the Triassic dipterofauna is discussed.
A genome-scale phylogeny of scorpions: model comparison and modeling among-site compositional heterogeneity
Authors: DU SHI-YU , XUAN QIANG , HOWARD RICHARD J. , WANG YE-HAO , ENGEL MICHAEL S. , CAI CHEN-YANG
Published: December 2024

The evolutionary history of scorpions, one of the most charismatic groups of arthropods with over 2,500 described species, is a subject of great interest. Given their unique body plan and ancient fossil record, understanding their phylogeny is crucial. Recent genome-scale data have shown potential in elucidating interfamilial relationships within the scorpion tree of life; however, discrepancies between molecular datasets have also been observed. To address this, we explored the phylogenetic relationships of scorpions by synthesizing three previous phylogenomic studies using model comparison methods that account for among-site compositional heterogeneity. Our analyses indicate that under the infinite site-heterogeneous CAT and finite mixture models, the relationships within Scorpiones differ significantly from prevailing conclusions, particularly regarding the interfamilial relationships within Buthida. Our results show the following relationships: [Pseudochactoidea + [Buthoidea + Chaeriloidea]]. Our leave-one-out cross-validation analysis shows that the site-heterogeneous CAT-GTR+G model fits significantly better than the site-homogeneous model (LG) and finite mixture models (LG+C20, LG+C60), and it identifies contentious nodes in scorpion phylogeny. These analyses resolve a longstanding controversy in deep scorpion phylogeny and emphasize the significance of adequate modeling of compositional heterogeneity in reconstructing the deep phylogeny of scorpions.
The oldest Carboniferous representative of the insect clade Neuropteroidea (Insecta: Holometabola)
Authors: BODERAU MATHIEU , PROKOP JAKUB , DUQUESNE HERVÉ , NEL ANDRÉ
Published: December 2024

Westphaloneura magnifica gen. et sp. nov., the first known representative of the stem group Neuropteroidea (= Neuropterida + Coleopterida) is described from the Bashkirian/Moscovian of Northern France, in the new family Westphaloneuridae fam. nov. It is based on two forewings and an incomplete hind wing. Its forewing vein media anterior (MA) being well separated from radius/radius posterior vein (R/RP) is a putative symplesiomorphy, also present in the Coleopterida, justifying the proposed position of the fossil. This fossil is contemporaneous with the oldest known Panorpida, sister group of the Neuropteroidea, also from the same area. This first occurrence provides a new key calibration point for the divergence of two Holometabola lineages and will help time-divergence analyses.
Collecting Longitudinal, Perishable Social Science Observations during Hurricanes
Authors: Demuth Julie L. , Schumacher Andrea B. , Morss Rebecca E. , Wong-Parodi Gabrielle , Herbert Natalie , Walpole Hugh D. , Alland Joshua J.
Published: December 2024

A hurricane is highly dynamic, evolving over minutes, hours, and days. It can change in intensity, track, and translational speed, all of which can change the hazards from wind, tornado, storm surge, and inland flooding. A sophisticated meteorological observation network exists to observe hurricanes over time, to monitor, understand, and forecast their evolution. It is reasonable to think that people also are dynamic, evolving in response to evolving hurricane risks. Yet, very little is known about how people perceive and respond to hurricane risks over time because developing such knowledge requires collecting social science observational data repeatedly from the same set of individuals in real time during a real-world hurricane event. We describe the methodology we developed and implemented to collect such longitudinal, perishable social science observations for three hurricane events: Laura and Marco in 2020, Henri in 2021, and Ian in 2022. With these data, we examined whether, when, and how people’s amount of forecast information obtained and risk perceptions changed during each of these events. A key finding is that people were dynamic, updating their perceptions and behaviors over time as the hurricanes evolved rather than anchoring on early knowledge and assessments. Moreover, the ways people were dynamic varied based on their predicted exposure to different hurricane hazards and across the hurricane events. Based on the novel insights this research yields, we advocate scaling and expanding this methodology to collect such data for additional hurricanes and for different high-impact and extreme weather hazards.
Emergency Manager Preferences for Rapidly Updating Severe Weather Warnings
Authors: Maciag Taylor A. , Obermeier Holly , Berry Kodi , Krocak Makenzie J. , Klockow McClain Kim , Hogg David
Published: December 2024

Threats-in-motion (TIM) is a technological innovation that would allow NWS forecasters to expand severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings in area and/or time, instead of issuing a series of new warnings. TIM allows warnings to “move” with the storm and provide more equitable lead time for locations downstream of the initial warning. While conceptual research demonstrates this value for example cases, research in NOAA’s Hazardous Weather Testbed revealed that motion instabilities (uncertainties in storm speed or direction, time intervals between forecaster intervention, and combinations of each) could also arise with this system that potentially limit usefulness or effectiveness of the product. To understand the potential trade-offs between the current and future systems, it is important to understand how core partners, such as emergency managers (EMs), would use TIM. In this study, 21 EMs from across the country participated in a simulated severe weather activity where they examined multiple TIM scenarios and provided feedback through surveys and focus groups. The TIM scenarios included visualizations of how TIM might behave under different situations: changes in storm speed, direction, and combinations of each. The simulation revealed that although EMs were optimistic about TIM, they had concerns about warning dissemination and public response. Specifically, the EMs were concerned about how the moving warning polygon could put locations in and out of warnings multiple times over relatively short periods of time, causing confusion from public safety and alerting standpoints.
Limitations of Short-Term Thunderstorm Forecasts from Convection-Allowing Models with 3-km Horizontal Grid Spacing
Authors: Kerr Christopher A. , Skinner Patrick S. , Stratman Derek R. , Matilla Brian C. , Wang Yunheng , Yussouf Nusrat
Published: December 2024

Forecasts from a 1-km horizontal grid spacing Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS-1km) prototype are compared to a 3-km WoFS (WoFS-3km) for 23 days when high-impact events occurred in 2022 and 2023. Composite reflectivity forecasts are verified using object-based verification. The probability of detection (POD) is significantly higher in WoFS-1km than in WoFS-3km for observed objects less than 400 km2 in area, and false alarm ratio (FAR) is significantly lower in WoFS-1km than in WoFS-3km for forecast objects less than 1500 km2 in area. This higher POD in WoFS-1km is consistent for all lead times while lower FAR is most pronounced in the first 90–120 min of the forecast. It is shown that improvements in WoFS-1km POD relative to WoFS-3km POD is dependent on object shape as well as size, with significant improvement in WoFS-1km forecasts of storms with a minor axis length less than approximately 24 km. WoFS-1km is found to produce improved POD for area bins representing 67% of the total thunderstorm objects in the dataset. A case study example of WoFS-1km and WoFS-3km forecasts demonstrates the ability of WoFS-1km to better resolve a violent tornado-producing supercell occurring on 10 December 2021. The supercell’s composite reflectivity object area was less than 400 km2 for several hours, during which WoFS-1km produced improved predictions of the supercell track and maintenance. Once the storm surpassed this area threshold, WoFS-3km produced similar forecasts to WoFS-1km. The statistical findings and qualitative analysis demonstrate benefits of employing reduced horizontal grid spacing for short-term prediction of thunderstorms with convection-allowing models.

Significance Statement

This study concludes that an ensemble data assimilation and modeling system with 1-km versus 3-km horizontal grid spacing better resolves smaller thunderstorms (<400 km2) while also reducing false alarms of both small and large thunderstorms (of up to 1500 km2). Better resolution of smaller thunderstorms is directly applicable to a high-impact severe event that produced multiple significant tornadoes.
Understanding the Social Safety Net: Lessons from the Work of Rebecca Blank
Authors: Courant Paul N. , Schmidt Lucie , Yates Julia
Published: December 2024

Over many years, the research and writing of Rebecca Blank provided insightful analysis of poverty and the social safety net in the U.S. A number of lessons can be drawn from her work—about the social safety net and about policy-relevant scholarship—that remain crucial. Blank’s work shows us the importance of considering heterogeneity among those who live in poverty. It highlights the patchwork nature of the social safety net as well as the role played by both geographic variation and race in determining antipoverty policy in the U.S. Her lessons on scholarship include the value of measurement and of high-quality research that considers both benefits and costs of policies. Finally, Blank’s work shows us that the perception that “nothing works” to reduce poverty misinterprets history and ignores a growing body of evidence.
Fifty Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership
Authors: Blau Francine D. , Lynch Lisa M.
Published: December 2024

We provide an overview of what has happened for women over the past 50 years as they worked to break through professional barriers in economics, policy, and institutional leadership. We chart the progress of women in higher education at the college level and beyond and then examine women’s representation at the upper levels of academia, government, law, medicine, and management. We begin our description of trends in 1972, when Title IX was enacted to prohibit sex-based discrimination in federally funded educational programs. The data paint a picture of considerable progress but also persistent inequities. We then go on to consider possible explanations for the continuing gender differences and some of the empirical evidence on the factors identified.
Will the Twain Ever Meet? Bridging the Gap Between Economics and Politics
Authors: Blinder Alan S.
Published: December 2024

There is a huge and harmful gap between two civilizations: economists and politicos. This article explores some of the reasons behind that gap and offers suggestions for how we might shrink it. Doing so will necessarily require more change from economists than from politicos, because politicians are normally the decision-makers while economists are just advisers. Hence, I suggest more places where economists should change their ways. The ideas set forth here are an expansion of those I set out in the 2023 Daniel Patrick Moynihan Lecture on Social Science and Public Policy.
Does Illness Perception Predict Hopelessness and Death Anxiety in Palliative Care Patients?
Authors: Çam Funda , Boy Yasemin , Mollaoğlu Mukadder , Korkmaz Samet
Published: December 2024

Illness perception is crucial in how patients navigate health challenges. Investigating if it predicts hopelessness and death anxiety is vital, especially in palliative care where these burdens are common. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 129 patients receiving treatment in the palliative care clinics of a university hospital. Patient Identification Form, Illness Perception Questionnaire, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and Death Anxiety Scale were used as data collection tools. The findings revealed that patients generally have a negative perception of their illness, with moderate levels of hopelessness and high levels of death anxiety. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between illness perception, death anxiety, and hopelessness. Furthermore, illness perception was found to predict 80.1% of the variation in hopelessness levels and 64.7% of the variation in death anxiety levels among patients. These findings underscore the importance of addressing psychological factors as part of comprehensive palliative care management.
Understanding Cognitive Performance, Psychological Factors, and Personality Traits in Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Serafim Antonio de Pádua , Ferreira Thainá Cabanãs , Saffi Fabiana , Durães Ricardo S. S.
Published: December 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) might increase the risk of depression, traumatic stress and affect cognitive performance. We analyzed the cognitive performance, psychological factors, and personality traits of 136 Brazilian women ( n = 70 exposed to IPV and n = 66 non-exposed) aged 18 years or older. We utilized clinical interviews, the NEO Personality Inventory, and a neuropsychological testing battery. The statistical analyses employed moderation within variables, resulting in determination coefficients ( r2) of 0.15 and 0.35. The husband was the primary aggressor, physical violence was the most frequent (90.6%). Women exposed to IPV exhibited more symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, neuroticism, difficulties in visual memory, and visuospatial abilities. The analysis indicated the influence of IPV, neuroticism, PTSD, and depression on the cognitive performance of the exposed to IPV.
Forms, Mechanisms, and Roles of Iconicity in Spoken Language: A Review
Authors: Barker Harry , Bozic Mirjana
Published: December 2024

Historically, debates over relationships between spoken lexical form and meaning have been dominated by views of arbitrariness. However more recent research revealed a different perspective, in which non-arbitrary mappings play an important role in the makeup of a lexicon. It is now clear that phoneme-sound symbolism - along with other types of form-to-meaning mappings - contributes to non-arbitrariness (iconicity) of spoken words, which is present in many forms and degrees in different languages. Attempts have been made to provide a mechanistic explanation of the phenomenon, and these theories largely centre around cross-modal correspondences. We build on these views to explore iconicity within the evolutionary context and the neurobiological framework for human language processing. We argue that the multimodal bihemsipheric communicative system, to which iconicity is integral, has important phylogenetic and ontogenetic advantages, facilitating language learning, comprehension, and processing. Despite its numerous advantages however, iconicity must compete with arbitrariness, forcing language systems to balance the competing needs of perceptual grounding of the linguistic form and ensuring an effective signal. We conclude that, on balance, iconicity should be viewed as integral to language, and not merely a marginal phenomenon.
“You can’t really learn the future” – student perspectives of futures education in schools
Authors: Selwyn Neil , Kaviani Fareed , Strengers Yolande , Dahlgren Kari , Cumbo Bronwyn , Wagner Markus
Published: December 2024

Despite numerous attempts over the past 60 years, futures studies have so far failed to become a mainstream part of school education. In light of recent renewed interest in education futures amongst policymakers and academics, this paper reappraises the opportunities and impediments to establishing school-based futures education in the mid 2020s. Drawing on interviews with 61 Australian secondary school students who had participated in a futures education program, the paper explores student perceptions of establishing school-based futures education on a wider basis. Despite pockets of enthusiasm, most students remain doubtful of futures education fitting into their schooling – perceiving futures studies as too uncertain, unknowable, abstract and/or unsettling to be taken up as a regular part of schooling. The paper considers the forms of futures studies that might be seen as acceptable, and whether the most productive way of engaging young people in futures learning is to look toward non-formal and informal education.
“… So That We Can Have Hope and a Future on Earth”: An Ecocritical Reading of “Green” Collects from the Church of Norway
Authors: Lund Aksel Johan
Published: December 2024

With the growing awareness of ecological crises, churches worldwide are integrating care for creation into liturgical worship. Such practices, however, remain scarcely researched. This study addresses this lacuna by conducting an ecocritical reading of some of the Church of Norway's liturgical prayers, generally known as “collects.” These concise, yet theologically dense prayers set the tone and encapsulate the theme of the service. This article focuses on selected collects specifically crafted for services that emphasize care for creation, and addresses the question: How effective are these collects, both as liturgical prayers and in incorporating ecological concerns into Christian worship? Using an ecological hermeneutic, three lenses were developed through which prayers are read: prayer and instrumentality, immanence and transcendence, and the relationship between humanity and non-human creation. This study highlights the significant variations revealed employing these three lenses, offering valuable insights into both liturgical and ecotheological discourses.
How Parents’ Marital Quality Influences Intergenerational Support Between Older Adults and Their Children: Evidence From Malaysia
Authors: Low Timothy QY , Teerawichitchainan Bussarawan , Mansor Norma
Published: December 2024

With Asia’s rapid population aging, intergenerational exchanges between older adults and children are becoming increasingly important for old-age support. However, the relationship between older adults’ marital quality and intergenerational support remains underexplored, particularly in multi-ethnic and developing settings. To address this, we examine a subsample of currently married older adults (60+) with at least one child (n = 1575) from Wave 1 (2018) of the Malaysian Aging and Retirement Survey. Using latent class analysis, we identify intergenerational support patterns among older Malaysians. Multinomial logistic regression is employed to investigate how older adults’ marital experiences relate to these support patterns. Findings show positive marital experiences are associated with support patterns involving mutual exchange or high receipt of support, while negative marital experiences are linked to patterns characterized by a downward transfer of support to children. Policymakers in developing settings should thus pay more attention to family dynamics when aiming to strengthen intergenerational support.
“The Truth? I Play a Lot With My Credit Card”: A Multiple-Case Study Regarding Financial Challenges in Families With Youth Participating in Competitive Soccer
Authors: Allison-Abaunza Alexandro , Woodburn Andrea
Published: December 2024

This study explored the experiences of exclusion and inclusion as reported by low-income families whose children participate in competitive sport. Using a multiple-case study approach, semistructured interviews were conducted with six mothers. Both a deductive, within-case analysis using the process–person–context–time model and an inductive between-case analysis were conducted. The results showed situations specific to competitive sport, notably by demonstrating that sport participation is a complex phenomenon that is difficult to adequately describe using sociodemographic attributes. This study demonstrates that even for families considered included we can observe large-scale sacrifices and notable levels of poverty, including living in low-income housing, receiving food bank assistance, and facing cyclical debt issues. The gradual increase in participation costs as a function of sport progression could lead to significant financial hardship.
Movement and physical activity experiences of early childhood teachers: practices and contexts / Experiencias con el movimiento y la actividad física en los docentes de preescolar: prácticas y contextos
Authors: Saamong Charla Rochella S. , Oropilla Czarecah T. , Chan Derwin K.C. , Capio Catherine M.
Published: December 2024

Previous research highlights the vital role of early childhood teachers in promoting movement and physical activity (MOPA) in early childhood programmes. Using bioecological theory, this study examined the MOPA practices and contexts of 25 teachers from both public and private early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres in the Philippines. Through in-depth semistructured interviews, we inquired about the daily experiences on MOPA of the ECEC teachers, and their answers from the interviews were subjected to reflexive thematic analysis, which led to the identification of three main themes. Based on these themes, ECEC teachers’ practices are typically characterized by the actors with corresponding roles, the schedule and spaces for MOPA, and various MOPA strategies that they employ in their learning programmes. Within these practices, ECEC teachers also shared opportunities and challenges with the MOPA that reflected their social-cultural, socioeconomic, environmental, organizational and temporal contexts. Future research is recommended to design MOPAs in ECEC settings that consider the unique contexts of ECEC teachers and the children under their care.
Social media literacy among rural people in Indonesia: Empirical findings from a nationwide survey
Authors: Akbar Maulana , Kusnandar K.
Published: December 2024

Social media has become a crucial tool for rural people in developing countries, providing access to information about agricultural and home industry markets, technologies, financial resources, and employment prospects. However, it can also negatively impact rural people, leading to increased consumption of fake news and entertainment content. This paper examines the social media literacy of rural people in Indonesia using data from the Indonesia Digital Literacy Survey 2023. The survey involved 4215 respondents from 540 districts and 38 provinces across Indonesia. K-mean cluster analysis and logistics regression models were used to achieve the objective. This paper classified the social media literacy of rural people in Indonesia into three clusters: basic function users, moderate critical users, and critical users. In terms of demographic factors, social media literacy significantly correlates with age, education, and household spending across all clusters. Meanwhile, there is a mixed result for the factors of gender and internet usage.
Determinants of business intelligence systems adoption in Nigerian banks: The role of perceived usefulness and ease of use
Authors: Isiaku Labaran , Adalier Ahmet
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This research explores factors influencing the adoption and sustainability of Business Intelligence Systems (BIS) in commercial banks. It aims to understand how organizational readiness, compatibility, complexity, top management support, and competitive pressure influence perceived ease of use, usefulness, and behavioral intention to adopt BIS.

Design/methodology/approach

The study utilizes a mixed-method approach. Study 1 employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for quantitative analysis to examine the relationships between factors and adoption outcomes. Study 2 complements this with qualitative interviews to provide deeper insights and interpretations of the quantitative findings.

Findings

Most hypotheses regarding the factors influencing BIS adoption were supported, highlighting their significance. However, three hypotheses were found to be statistically insignificant, prompting further investigation in Study 2 to elucidate the reasons behind these findings.

Originality/value

This study contributes a holistic perspective on BIS adoption in commercial banks, considering organizational, technological, and environmental dimensions. It addresses a gap in the literature by offering comprehensive insights that contrast with previous research focused narrowly on specific user groups. The findings enhance understanding of technology-organization-environment dynamics and provide valuable insights for fostering long-term sustainability in BIS adoption strategies.
Effect of high temperature aging on lattice parameter, lattice strain, γ/γ΄ misfit, microstructure and mechanical properties of Alloy 617
Authors: Unikela Bhavana , Murugesan S. , Dey Harish Chandra , Albert Shaju K
Published: December 2024

In the present study, the lattice misfit and lattice strain of γ and γ΄ phases in Alloy 617 aged at 700 °C have been studied using XRD and correlated with FESEM and TEM microstructure. Aged Alloy 617 showed the presence of fine uniformly distributed γ´-Ni3(Al, Ti) precipitates within the grains (γ-matrix) along with carbides predominantly along the grain boundaries. Lattice misfit of γ/γ΄ calculated in aged specimens revealed that misfit is negative for 100 h and 1000 h aged samples and it changes to positive for 4000 h of aging time. The lattice strain was evaluated by Stephen's phenomenological method and it is anisotropic in nature. The reduction in the lattice parameter of the alloy with aging explains the stress relaxation cracking in Alloy 617.
Percutaneous coronary saccular aneurysm exclusion
Authors: Maharaj Stephen , Mc Carthy Amanda-Marie , Martinez Jose , Rampersad Risshi , Angelini Gianni
Published: December 2024

Coronary artery aneurysms are a relatively uncommon finding during coronary angiography and can present certain challenges in terms of treatment options. This may be due to unclear underlying mechanisms and varying presentations, as well as a lack of large-scale outcome data. In this case report we present the successful use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in treating a 43-year-old male patient who presented with acute myocardial infarction and was discovered during angiography to have a saccular coronary aneurysm.
Case series and clinical analysis of acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning: Experience from 10 cases at a hospital in Zhoushan
Authors: Shen Yuechuan , Zhao Guangfen , Lin Jingkai , Wang Junyan , Luo Bin , Liu Jingye , Zhang Yini , Huang Junhua
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the etiology, clinical features, and management of acute hydrogen sulfide (H2S) poisoning in Zhoushan. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 10 patients admitted to our hospital between August and September 2023 due to two incidents of acute H2S poisoning. The first incident involved fishermen working in a fishing cabin (6 patients), while the second involved sanitation workers during sewer maintenance (4 patients). Among the patients, 4 had severe poisoning, 3 had moderate poisoning, and 3 had mild poisoning. Corneal chemical injuries were observed in 4 severe patients, and chest CT scans showed bilateral infiltrative changes in 7 patients. Elevated lactate concentrations, and low oxygenation indices were noted in all severe patients. Severe cases received intensive care, including tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids, methylene blue, ulinastatin, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Patients with mild to moderate symptoms received supportive treatments, including oxygen therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. With the exception of one fatality, all other patients were discharged after successful treatment. Fishing boat cabins and decomposed sewage channels in island areas are common sites for acute H2S poisoning. Rapid identification of H2S poisoning and evaluation are crucial. Early airway management is essential for severe cases to prevent vital organ hypoxia.
Effect of yaw and obliquity of cubical fragments on damage of thin targets in ballistic applications
Authors: Dewangan Mithilesh Kumar , Mulabagal Pradeep , Nimje Sunil , Kumaraswamy Adepu , Sharma Divyansh , Bhardwaj Vikas , Kumar Pal Dinesh
Published: December 2024

The use of fragment-generated warheads holds paramount importance in air defense systems. A smoothbore 30-caliber powder gun was employed to launch cubical projectiles in the ballistic range of velocities from 450 to 1500 m/s. The present work is mainly focused on the effect of various impact parameters, such as yaw (0°, 23°, and 45°), obliquity (0°–75°), incident velocity (500–2000 m/s) and mass (1, 3, and 5 g) of SS304 cubical projectiles impacting thin Steel 1006 target plates. A full-scale 3D FE model considering 8-noded hexahedral elements was used to discretize the target plates/projectiles. The material behavior was characterized using J-C strength and damage models, along with Gruneisen Equation of State. An erosion algorithm was used in the explicit FE code LS-DYNA to remove undesirable elements. The target volume erosion fraction (TVEF), projectile volume erosion fraction (PVEF), residual velocities, and crater damage results obtained from series of simulations were compared with experimental findings. The study revealed that at higher obliquity angle (60°–65°) of high mass projectiles, the disintegration of the plate occurs primarily due to shock waves and energy transmitted to the target plates instead of direct contact. The findings also provide valuable insights into designing the most lethal fragments for different impact scenarios and contribute to a comprehensive understanding of impact-induced deformations and fractures under dynamic loading conditions.
Modification and characterization of the surface of AISI 8620 steel by C-TIGA and P-TIGA processes in one pass
Authors: Kumar Ravindra , Dev Saty
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the effects of continuous tungsten inert gas arcing (C-TIGA) and pulsed tungsten inert gas arcing (P-TIGA) processes on the hardness of case-hardenable low-alloy steels, focusing on AISI 8620 steel. The study investigates the influence of arc parameters on mechanical properties and microstructural changes. The modified surface of AISI 8620 steel was investigated analytically and validated through experiments. Using an 18 mm thick AISI 8620 steel plate, C-TIGA and P-TIGA processes are employed in one pass with subsequent hardness measurements in the fusion zone and heat-affected zone (HAZ). The results show a remarkable improvement in the hardness of the modified zone compared to the base metal, with a noteworthy increase of 127 ± 20% and 77 ± 25% for C-TIGA and P-TIGA processes, respectively. Notably, at equivalent arc currents, P-TIGA outperforms C-TIGA, achieving a hardness increase of over 20 ± 10% in the modified zone. In addition, the careful control of process parameters in P-TIGA leads to a better change in the thermal and mechanical properties of rolling bearing steel compared to C-TIGA. The combination of significantly increased surface hardness and an extensively modified zone depth contributes to increased wear resistance and compressive stresses in the matrix. In particular, the P-TIGA process is shown to be superior as it has greater modified zone depth, narrower HAZ width, and higher hardness. This research establishes P-TIGA as a promising method for surface modification and offers significant improvements over the traditional C-TIGA method.
Telitacicept for refractory cystitis associated with severe systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report
Authors: Ling Gui-Chen , Zhang Shan , Guo Ying-Ao , Yang Shuo , Li Zhi-Ling , Zhang Jian-Yong , Xie Jing-Jing
Published: December 2024

Background

Lupus cystitis, a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), presents considerable treatment challenges.

Purpose

This case report describes the use of telitacicept in treating severe SLE with lupus cystitis.

Research Design

A single patient with lupus cystitis.

Study Sample

A patient with symptoms including frequent urination, urgency, and acute urinary retention.

Data Collection and Analysis

Initial treatments included corticosteroid pulse therapy, immunoglobulin, and cyclophosphamide, which improved laboratory indicators but failed to alleviate symptoms of urinary retention. The patient was then treated with telitacicept.

Results

Significant alleviation of urinary retention was observed shortly after incorporating telitacicept into the treatment regimen. The patient's condition remained stable with no relapse during the subsequent 10 months of follow-up.

Conclusions

This case highlights the therapeutic potential of telitacicept for SLE patients who are unresponsive to conventional therapies, particularly those with severe manifestations such as lupus cystitis.
The Communicative Space: Painting the Evidence and Plausibility in Asylum Court Hearings
Authors: Tužinská Helena
Published: December 2024

This article explores the state's control not only at national borders but also at the boundaries of language, culture-specific terms and legal jargon, by scrutinising how court participants are both listened to and interpreted in legal proceedings. Based on participant observation in Slovakian asylum court hearings and pre- and post-trial ethnographic interviews with asylum applicants, attorneys, interpreters and state officials, this study examines: (1) how ‘communicative space’ is established and negotiated in asylum court hearings; (2) how this space relates to the plausibility during evidence-making and (3) how Diego Velázquez's painting Las Meninas offers explanatory power for understanding dynamics in legal settings. By drawing on the work of ethnographers, philosophers, socio-legal and art theorists, this article provides new insights into the role of communicative space in plausibility assessments.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Empowerment in E-Commerce: A Bibliometric Voyage
Authors: Chugh Priya , Jain Vishu
Published: December 2024

This article presents a conceptual overview of artificial intelligence (AI) research in the realm of E-commerce. Potential research themes, explored through content analysis and visualization techniques, offer a deeper understanding of the knowledge landscape in this field. The study utilized R Studio and VOS viewer to analyze the performance and map the scientific output of 1,458 research articles from the Scopus database (1995–2024). The study examines the conceptual structure of data through clustering themes and network analysis. The findings indicate a significant focus on advanced E-commerce analytics within AI research, with key areas including product recommendations and AI-driven customer support. The research spans diverse fields such as computer science, marketing, and psychology, emphasizing AI’s interdisciplinary applications in E-commerce. The research’s novelty lies in providing TCCM-based insights for future research and guidance for practitioners looking to leverage AI in their E-commerce operations.
How Founders’ Prior Experiences Shape Their Perceptions on Venture Growth and Competitiveness
Authors: Song Changhyeon , Jeong Harry , Shin Kwangsoo
Published: December 2024

Founder’s prior experience has been considered crucial for growth and success of venture firms. Despite the extant research on entrepreneurial experience, little is known about how entrepreneurs’ prior experiences are imprinted on them and the differences in knowledge these experiences shape. Based on the theories of entrepreneurial learning and effectuation-causation, this article investigates the influence of entrepreneurs’ prior firm founding and industry work experience. We tested hypotheses regarding the impact of these two types of entrepreneurial experience on the perception of long-term growth expectations and competitiveness of venture firms they found. The analysis was conducted on 1,610 newly founded venture firms in Korea surveyed over a four-year period from 2014 to 2017, and the ordered logit model was employed. The results show that prior firm founding experience results in positive long-term growth expectation. On the other hand, prior industry work experience has a positive effect only on organisation management competitiveness and has no statistically significant effect on technology competitiveness. This study extends the discussions of existing literature by focusing on the impact of founders’ prior experience on perceptions of their venture firms. Different role of entrepreneurial experiences can be explained by the different nature of the knowledge that is formed.
An Observational Study on Prescription Patterns of Drugs and Psychiatric Disorders Occurring in Child and Adolescent Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sowmya Akella Krishna , Pandey Sunil Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background

Mental health issues in children and adolescents are quite significant. Despite their impact, research on psychiatric disorders in these age groups is limited. This study aims to evaluate the prescription patterns of psychiatric medications and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescent age group patients.

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the prescription pattern of psychiatric medications and the pattern of psychiatric illnesses among child and adolescent age group patients at a tertiary care hospital in India.

Methods

This hospital-based observational study was conducted over 1.5 years at the Government Hospital for Mental Care in Visakhapatnam, India. A total of 150 patients aged 2–18 years, diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and prescribed at least one psychiatric drug, were included. Data on patient demographics, diagnoses, and prescription details were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 2022, following WHO drug use indicators. Cost analysis compared drug costs within the hospital pharmacy and external pharmacies.

Results

The study population comprised 56% children (2–10 years) and 44% adolescents (11–18 years), with a male predominance in both groups. The average number of medications per prescription was 2–4, with 94% prescribed by generic names and no use of fixed drug combinations or injectable drugs. Mental retardation was the most common disorder, followed by attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in children and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia in adolescents. Risperidone, trihexyphenidyl, carbamazepine, and valproate were the most commonly prescribed medications. Most drugs were available at the hospital pharmacy, minimizing the financial burden on patients. Cost analysis showed significant variations in drug prices outside the hospital.

Conclusion

The study highlights the rational prescription trends among child and adolescent psychiatric patients. There was preference for atypical antipsychotics and newer drug classes over conventional medications. Polypharmacy was up to the mark. The findings emphasize the need for periodic prescription monitoring to ensure safe, effective, and cost-efficient treatment.
Monitoring Australia’s implementation of CEDAW: An ethnographic account of NGO and civil society participation
Authors: Clark Sevda , Guarneros-Sánchez Perla
Published: December 2024

This article explores the significance of NGO monitoring of Australia’s implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). As an active participant in mechanisms to protect women’s rights globally and domestically, Australia played an important role in the drafting of CEDAW, which obligates it to periodically report on its implementation efforts. We offer autoethnographic accounts of our advocacy experience at the Pre-Sessional Working Group of the CEDAW Committee, providing an exploration of feminist ethnography and the lived experiences of women in advocacy. By examining these experiences, the article highlights the critical role of civil society participation, particularly through an intersectional lens, in enhancing the effectiveness of UN processes.
Vocational rehabilitation outreach to diverse populations: Identifying underserved populations through demographic analysis
Authors: Meyer Jeffrey S , Brinck Emily A , Weathers Marcus D , Park Sara , Qisti Dewi A , Zencir Aylin Celik , Fosu-Asare Louis , Anderson Catherine A , Tansey Timothy N
Published: December 2024

Background

Underserved populations face many barriers to vocational rehabilitation (VR) services. However, outreach can build bridges with underserved populations.

Objective

This study compares Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) client data with US Census data to identify which demographic groups are underserved at the national level. This data analysis strategy can also be applied by agencies and providers to identify underserved populations at the local level.

Method

RSA 911 data from 77 agencies in the United States and its territories between the first quarter of 2021 through the third quarter of 2023 was compared to US Census data. RSA 911 data was analyzed, quantifying VR populations by demographic type. Diachronic analysis was utilized to identify service changes over time.

Results

This study found that several historically underserved demographic groups—including African Americans and Native Americans—were being served by VR at or above those groups’ representation among the general population. However, Hispanic/Latino, Asian, and female populations were underrepresented in VR applications.

Conclusion

VR agencies and providers have made significant progress with many traditionally underserved groups. However, Hispanic/Latino, Asian, and female populations are groups that require enhanced outreach efforts. In addition, agencies and providers can compare local client data with local Census figures to identify local underserved populations.