bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Arduinos as Portable Measurement Devices
Authors: Kortemeyer Gerd
Published: August 2022

In recent years, do-it-yourself microcontrollers and sensors have gained increased attention as measurement devices for physics teaching (see, for example, Refs. 1-5). This is not surprising, since Arduinos are relatively cheap and ubiquitous, the code base and design are open source, and there is a wide variety of sensors available. Arduinos can be directly coupled to analysis programs on personal computers and smartphones. This article presents another way of using Arduinos for measurements, namely as portable, standalone devices that store their data on SD memory cards.
Exploring to Explain the Marshmallow Phenomenon
Authors: Murray Jaclyn Kuspiel
Published: August 2022

Discovering concepts through observation, exploration, and constructing scientific explanations of phenomena is best practice in science education. Instead of following lab procedures to verify a known answer or solution, involve students in the work of science. Begin by presenting a phenomenon to engage students in scientific inquiry and uncover their prior knowledge. Curiosity spurs questions driving investigations to explore hypotheses in search of explanations of the phenomenon. This paper describes how engaging in the science practices enables students to explore and explain why marshmallows either shrink or puff up in a dynamic environment containing a closed and open system.
Electromagnetic Waves and Poynting Vectors with Easy-to-Use Components
Authors: Morris Steven L.
Published: August 2022

It is difficult for an instructor to just make up valid numbers for Bx, By, Bz, Ex, Ey, and Ez in the creation of homework problems and test questions calculating the Poynting vector. In this paper, 25 examples are given of the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic waves, obeying the condition that the electric field is perpendicular to the magnetic field, and the condition that the magnitude of the electric field is equal to the magnitude of the magnetic field times the speed of light. These easy-to-use numbers lend themselves to the calculation of the Poynting vector, which leads to the calculation of energy density and other macroscopic quantities. A separate list is presented for the Gaussian CGS system of units.
Two demonstrations of atmospheric pressure designed by students
Authors: Slisko Josip
Published: August 2022

Liem proposed an exploration–explanation activity, “The bottle and the bag,” related to atmospheric pressure. Young students had to (1) find out that it is not possible to take the bag out of the bottle, and (2) explain what is holding the bag inside the bottle.
Flying Carousel Swing Physics
Authors: Ferstl Andrew , Duden Emily R.
Published: August 2022

The conical pendulum is a classic introductory physics problem for teaching circular motion—a topic about which students frequently carry alternative conceptions. As teachers provide lessons to untangle these conceptions, it is good to allow students to practice their new knowledge in varied settings. This is one possible experiment that builds off the conical pendulum. The experiment can be modified to fit the level of complexity the instructor wishes to pursue. Although the context of this article is about the physics of the amusement park flying carousel swing, the analysis techniques discussed can be used in a variety of situations.
Analysis of Brownian Motion by Elementary School Students
Authors: Miyazaki Makito , Yamazaki Yosuke , Hasegawa Yamato
Published: August 2022

To stimulate the intellectual curiosity of elementary school students, we conducted a workshop in distance education aimed at exploring the microscopic world inside a cell. In this workshop, elementary school students motivated to learn more on the subject of science analyzed movies of the Brownian motion of micrometer-sized particles suspended in water, using the open-source software Tracker. These students then performed two-dimensional (2D) random walk experiments using a dice game sheet to examine the physical mechanism of Brownian motion. After the workshop, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey. Many participants answered that the contents were difficult but interesting, suggesting that our workshop was very efficient in stimulating the curiosity of motivated students.
A Flexible, Asynchronous Format for Introductory Physics Laboratory
Instruction During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Antonacci M. A.
Published: August 2022

After the sudden transition to remote instruction in the spring 2020 semester due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, physics lab instructors rapidly began to prepare for hybrid and/or fully remote instruction for the fall 2020 semester. In this paper, an asynchronous introductory physics lab course structure implemented at Saint Vincent College, a four-year liberal arts college, in the fall 2020 semester is described. Feedback on the students’ experience with the asynchronous format is summarized from student course evaluations. Results from the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey for Experimental Physics are used to evaluate how the course affected student attitudes toward experimental physics.
DART: Planetary Defense in the Introductory Physics Curriculum
Authors: Amato Joseph C.
Published: August 2022

The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) is a National Aeronautics and Space Administration–European Space Agency collaborative mission to test the feasibility of defending Earth from a catastrophic asteroid impact by using a spacecraft to deflect the asteroid away from the planet. Launched on Nov. 23, 2021, the DART spacecraft will intercept the binary asteroid 65803 Didymos in late September or early October 2022, colliding (nearly) head-on to modify its motion measurably.
Effects of better-ear glimpsing, binaural unmasking, and spectral resolution on spatial release from masking in cochlear-implant users
Authors: Gibbs Bobby E. , Bernstein Joshua G. W. , Brungart Douglas S. , Goupell Matthew J.
Published: August 2022

Bilateral cochlear-implant (BICI) listeners obtain less spatial release from masking (SRM; speech-recognition improvement for spatially separated vs co-located conditions) than normal-hearing (NH) listeners, especially for symmetrically placed maskers that produce similar long-term target-to-masker ratios at the two ears. Two experiments examined possible causes of this deficit, including limited better-ear glimpsing (using speech information from the more advantageous ear in each time-frequency unit), limited binaural unmasking (using interaural differences to improve signal-in-noise detection), or limited spectral resolution. Listeners had NH (presented with unprocessed or vocoded stimuli) or BICIs. Experiment 1 compared natural symmetric maskers, idealized monaural better-ear masker (IMBM) stimuli that automatically performed better-ear glimpsing, and hybrid stimuli that added worse-ear information, potentially restoring binaural cues. BICI and NH-vocoded SRM was comparable to NH-unprocessed SRM for idealized stimuli but was 14%–22% lower for symmetric stimuli, suggesting limited better-ear glimpsing ability. Hybrid stimuli improved SRM for NH-unprocessed listeners but degraded SRM for BICI and NH-vocoded listeners, suggesting they experienced across-ear interference instead of binaural unmasking. In experiment 2, increasing the number of vocoder channels did not change NH-vocoded SRM. BICI SRM deficits likely reflect a combination of across-ear interference, limited better-ear glimpsing, and poorer binaural unmasking that stems from cochlear-implant-processing limitations other than reduced spectral resolution.
A Tale of Two Brands: Examining Elite Female Athletes’ Branding and Self-Presentation Strategies Over Time
Authors: Harris Hailey A. , Brison Natasha T.
Published: August 2022

Branding and self-presentation strategies on text and visual platforms have been explored in a variety of ways such as gendered analyses and content analyses performed on the social media profiles of athletes at multiple levels of sport. The purpose of this study was to examine branding and self-presentation strategies of two highly visible professional female soccer players (i.e., Alex Morgan and Megan Rapinoe) over two different time periods: 2019 and 2020. Results show that branding and presentation strategies can shift over the course of an athlete’s career. Implications from this study include adjusting brand strategies for clients over time, using other athletes’ strategies as their own framework, and promoting brand authenticity in accordance with their daily lives.
Physiology and Performance Prospects of a Women’s Sub-4-Minute Mile
Authors: Cheuvront Samuel N.
Published: August 2022

When will women run a sub-4-minute mile? The answer seems to be a distant future given how women’s progress has plateaued in the mile, or its better studied metric placeholder, the 1500 m. When commonly accepted energetics principles of running, along with useful field validation equations of the same, are applied to probe the physiology underpinning the 10 all-time best women’s mile performances, insights gained may help explain the present 12.34-second shortfall. Insights also afford estimates of how realistic improvements in the metabolic cost of running could shrink the difference and bring the women’s world record closer to the fabled 4-minute mark. As with men in the early 1950s, this might stir greater interest, excitement, participation, and depth in the women’s mile, the present absence of which likely contributes to more pessimistic mathematical modeling forecasts. The purpose of this invited commentary is to provide a succinct, theoretical, but intuitive explanation for how women might get closer to their own watershed moment in the mile.
Slab remnants beneath the Myanmar terrane evidencing double subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean
Authors: Yang Shun , Liang Xiaofeng , Jiang Mingming , Chen Lin , He Yumei , Thet Mon Chit , Hou Guangbing , Thant Myo , Sein Kyaing , Wan Bo
Published: August 2022

Closure of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean is one of the most significant tectonic events of the Cenozoic, forming the longest continental collision belt on Earth and influencing global climate and biodiversity. However, whether late Mesozoic subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean occurred along one single or a double subduction system remains controversial. Here, upper mantle imaging from seismic tomography and waveform modeling in the Myanmar region reveals two prominent, parallel, slab-like structures with high seismic velocities that trend to the north-south and dip to the east. The western high-velocity zone has been observed previously and represents the modern subducting slab. The eastern zone has not been previously reported and exhibits high-velocity anomalies of 1.0 to 2.5% to a depth of ~300 km. This zone likely represents a remnant of another Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab that subducted ~40 million years ago. Double subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean during the late Mesozoic to early Cenozoic requires reevaluation of previous tectonic models.
Accurate inference of genome-wide spatial expression with iSpatial
Authors: Zhang Chao , Chen Renchao , Zhang Yi
Published: August 2022

Spatially resolved transcriptomic analyses can reveal molecular insights underlying tissue structure and context-dependent cell-cell or cell-environment interaction. Because of the current technical limitation, obtaining genome-wide spatial transcriptome at single-cell resolution is challenging. Here, we developed a new algorithm named iSpatial to derive the spatial pattern of the entire transcriptome by integrating spatial transcriptomic and single-cell RNA-seq datasets. Compared to other existing methods, iSpatial has higher accuracy in predicting gene expression and spatial distribution. Furthermore, it reduces false-positive and false-negative signals in the original datasets. By testing iSpatial with multiple spatial transcriptomic datasets, we demonstrate its wide applicability to datasets from different tissues and by different techniques. Thus, we provide a computational approach to reveal spatial organization of the entire transcriptome at single-cell resolution. With numerous high-quality datasets available in the public domain, iSpatial provides a unique way to understand the structure and function of complex tissues and disease processes.
Soft-robotic ciliated epidermis for reconfigurable coordinated fluid manipulation
Authors: Ren Ziyu , Zhang Mingchao , Song Shanyuan , Liu Zemin , Hong Chong , Wang Tianlu , Dong Xiaoguang , Hu Wenqi , Sitti Metin
Published: August 2022

The fluid manipulation capabilities of current artificial cilia are severely handicapped by the inability to reconfigure near-surface flow on various static or dynamically deforming three-dimensional (3D) substrates. To overcome this challenge, we propose an electrically driven soft-robotic ciliated epidermis with multiple independently controlled polypyrrole bending actuators. The beating kinematics and the coordination of multiple actuators can be dynamically reconfigured to control the strength and direction of fluid transportation. We achieve fluid transportation along and perpendicular to the beating directions of the actuator arrays, and toward or away from the substrate. The ciliated epidermises are bendable and stretchable and can be deployed on various static or dynamically deforming 3D surfaces. They enable previously difficult to obtain fluid manipulation functionalities, such as transporting fluid in tubular structures or enhancing fluid transportation near dynamically bending and expanding surfaces.
Structural plasticity enables evolution and innovation of RuBisCO assemblies
Authors: Liu Albert K. , Pereira Jose H. , Kehl Alexander J. , Rosenberg Daniel J. , Orr Douglas J. , Chu Simon K. S. , Banda Douglas M. , Hammel Michal , Adams Paul D. , Siegel Justin B. , Shih Patrick M.
Published: August 2022

Oligomerization is a core structural feature that defines the form and function of many proteins. Most proteins form molecular complexes; however, there remains a dearth of diversity-driven structural studies investigating the evolutionary trajectory of these assemblies. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) is one such enzyme that adopts multiple assemblies, although the origins and distribution of its different oligomeric states remain cryptic. Here, we retrace the evolution of ancestral and extant form II RuBisCOs, revealing a complex and diverse history of oligomerization. We structurally characterize a newly discovered tetrameric RuBisCO, elucidating how solvent-exposed surfaces can readily adopt new interactions to interconvert or give rise to new oligomeric states. We further use these principles to engineer and demonstrate how changes in oligomerization can be mediated by relatively few mutations. Our findings yield insight into how structural plasticity may give rise to new oligomeric states.
Kinematics and paleogeology of the western United States and northern Mexico computed from geologic and paleomagnetic data: 0 to 48 Ma
Authors: Bird Peter , Ingersoll Raymond V.
Published: August 2022

Fault traces and offsets, cross-section length changes, paleomagnetic inclination and declination anomalies, and stress-direction indicators with ages back to 90 Ma are collected from the geologic literature on the western United States and northern Mexico. Finite-element program Restore simulates paleokinematics by weighted least squares and integrates displacements, strains, and rotations back in time, producing paleogeologic maps, as well as maps of velocity, heave rate, strain rate, and stress direction at 6 m.y. intervals. After calibrating three program parameters against neotectonic velocities from geodesy, all classes of data except inclination anomalies are fit reasonably well. The kink in the San Andreas fault near San Gorgonio Pass has been gradually restored by slip on adjacent faults and automated smoothing. Piercing-point pairs successfully restored along the San Andreas–Gulf of California plate boundary include the Pelona and Orocopia Schists at 6 Ma, the Pinnacles and Neenach Volcanics at 21 Ma, and the Jolla Vieja and Poway conglomerates adjacent to their Sonoran source at 48–42 Ma. During 18–6 Ma, rapid extension on the Oceanside detachment fault system was restored, placing present San Nicolas Island adjacent to present Rosarito, Baja California, at 18 Ma. Since ca. 18 Ma, the western Transverse Ranges have rotated 70° clockwise, restoration of which implies that sinistral faults in this province originated with NNE trends. The first contact between the Pacific and North America plates at ca. 28 Ma was not associated with any dramatic increase in dextral faulting on land; instead, the primary result was extension in the Plush Ranch–Vasquez-Diligencia basins and Colorado River corridor, probably driven by an unstable triple-junction and accelerated by heating and uplift of North America above enlarging slab windows.
Impacts of a medical-legal partnership on clinical capacity to address social determinants of health
Authors: Davis Kara , Fair Melissa L , Buckingham Catie , McKinnon Hannah , Theriot Roley Laurie , Sease Kerry
Published: August 2022

Background

Social determinants of health (SDOHs) impacts on an individual’s health outcomes have become more evident, and clinical providers are vital in helping patients address those needs. Providers are experiencing high-stress levels related to patient care, resulting in a diminished capacity to address these SDOHs. This study examines the impact of a medical-legal partnership (MLP) on the clinical capacity to assist providers with addressing SDOH needs and reducing clinician stress.

Methods

A 16-question survey was emailed to 532 providers in a local health system. The survey assessed clinicians’ perception of their role in addressing SDOH needs, the MLP’s impact on their clinical capacity and the MLP’s ability to remedy patient SDOH needs.

Results

Providers who have referred to the MLP indicated higher levels of agreement that SDOH screenings were part of their clinical responsibility and had higher levels of agreement regarding comfort levels for completing SDOH screenings. Geriatric providers reported higher levels of agreement that the MLP reduced clinician stress than paediatric providers.

Conclusion

MLPs have the potential to reduce clinician stress and burnout by standing in the gap to assist providers in addressing their patient’s SDOH needs.
Assessing the profile of support for potential tobacco control policies targeting availability in Great Britain: a cross-sectional population survey
Authors: Kock Loren , Shahab Lion , Moore Graham , Shortt Niamh K , Pearce Jamie , Brown Jamie
Published: August 2022

Aim

To examine the level of support for tobacco availability policies across Great Britain (GB) and associations between support for policy and sociodemographic, smoking and quitting characteristics.

Methods

A cross-sectional representative survey (the Smoking Toolkit Study) of adults in GB (n=2197) during September 2021. Logistic regressions estimated the associations between support for each policy and sociodemographic and smoking characteristics.

Findings

There was majority support for requiring retailers to have a license which can be removed if they sell to those under-age (89.6%) and for restrictions on the sale of cigarettes and tobacco near schools (69.9%). More supported than opposed raising the legal age of sale of cigarettes and tobacco to 21 (49.2% supported; 30.7% opposed; 20.1% unsure) and reducing the number of retailers selling tobacco in neighbourhoods with a high density of tobacco retailers (46.5% supported; 23.3% opposed; 30.2% unsure). More opposed than supported a ban on the sale of cigarettes and tobacco to everyone born after a certain year from 2030 onward (a ‘tobacco-free generation’) (41.3% opposed; 34.5% supported; 24.2% unsure). Age was positively associated with support for raising the age of sale and inversely associated with requiring tobacco retailer licenses. Women were more likely to support raising the age of sale and reducing the number of retailers.

Conclusions

Requiring tobacco retailer licensing and restrictions on sales near schools received majority support. Other tobacco availability policies received substantial support despite considerable opposition.
Routine CTA screening identifies blunt cerebrovascular injuries missed by clinical risk factors
Authors: Harper Paul R , Jacobson Lewis E , Sheff Zachary , Williams Jamie M , Rodgers Richard B
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Current guidelines for screening for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) are commonly based on the expanded Denver criteria, a set of risk factors that identifies patients who require CT-angiographic (CTA) screening for these injuries. Based on previously published data from our center, we have adopted a more liberal screening guideline than those outlined in the expanded Denver criteria. This entails routine CTA of the neck for all blunt trauma patients already undergoing CT of the cervical spine and/or CTA of the chest. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of patients with BCVI who did not meet any of the risk factors included in the expanded Denver criteria.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with BCVI between June 2014 and December 2019 at a Level I Trauma Center were identified from the trauma registry. Medical records were reviewed for the presence or absence of risk factors as outlined in the expanded Denver criteria. Demographic data, time to CTA and treatment, BCVI grade, Glasgow Coma Scale and Injury Severity Score were collected.

Results

During the study period, 17 054 blunt trauma patients were evaluated, and 29% (4923) underwent CTA of the neck to screen for BCVI. 191 BCVIs were identified in 160 patients (0.94% of all blunt trauma patients, 3.25% of patients screened with CTA). 16% (25 of 160) of patients with BCVI had none of the risk factors outlined in the Denver criteria.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that reliance on the expanded Denver criteria alone for BCVI screening will result in missed injuries. We recommend CTA screening in all patients with blunt trauma undergoing CT of the cervical spine and/or CTA of the chest to minimize this risk.

Level of evidence

Level III, therapeutic/care management.
Influence of protected organic acids on growth performance, fecal microbial composition, gas emission, and apparent total tract digestibility in growing pigs
Authors: Munezero Olivier , Muhizi Serge , Kim In Ho
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to assess the effect of protected organic acids on growth performance, fecal microbial composition, gas emission, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) in growing pigs. A total of 80 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc) growing pigs with average initial body weight (BW) of 22.66 ± 2.45 kg were allotted to one of two dietary treatments with 8 replications and 5 pigs (3 gilts and 2 barrows) per pen in a randomized complete block design in a 6-week study with basal diets (CON) and basal diets + 0.2% microencapsulated organic acids (MOA). A trend and significant effect on average daily gain (ADG) were observed during weeks 2 and 6 ( P < 0.05), respectively. The gain–feed ratio (G:F) was increased ( P = 0.0032) in the MOA group. ADG ( P = 0.0109) and trend in G:F ( P = 0.1010) were observed in the MOA group. However, no difference was observed in the BW and average daily feed intake of pigs. Fecal Escherichia coli counts showed reduction ( P = 0.0143) at week 4. MOA supplementation had no influence on ATTD and fecal gas emission in growing pigs during the entire experiment ( P > 0.05). The MOA supplementation to the basal diet had a positive effect on the growth performance and fecal microbial composition of growing pigs.
Conditions for global minimum in the $$A_4$$ symmetric 3HDM
Authors: Carrolo Sergio , Romão Jorge C. , Silva João P.
Published: August 2022

There has been a great interest in three Higgs doublet models (3HDM) symmetric under an exact $$A_4$$

A
4

symmetry. We provide the complete analytic necessary and sufficient conditions for a point to be the global minimum along the neutral directions in such models, discussing many of the subtleties involved. We also present a number of numerical examples, to highlight those issues. We then turn to the directions which break electric charge, presenting a safe analytical sufficient condition for bounded from below (BFB) potentials. Based on extensive numerical simulations, we discuss one conjecture on BFB along charge breaking directions.
Removing the divergence of Chandrasekhar limit caused by generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Du Xin-Dong , Long Chao-Yun
Published: August 2022

The usual generalized uncertainty principle will lead to a divergent mass limit of white dwarf, and this divergence should be prevented for both scenarios including positive and negative parameters of generalized uncertainty principle. Although it has been shown that negative parameter can directly restore the mass limit, the underlying reason is not given to explain why the negative sign appears under the condition of white dwarf. In order to solve this problem, we derive a field-dependent parameter expression whose sign can change depending on the species of spin fields. Besides, we find that the actual physical effect of the negative sign is aimed at limiting the exorbitant uncertainty of momentum.
Design study for a 500 MeV positron beam at the Mainz Microtron MAMI
Authors: Backe H. , Lauth W. , Drexler P. , Heil P. , Klag P. , Ledroit B. , Stieler F.
Published: August 2022

A design study has been performed for a positron beam with an energy of 500 MeV to be realized at the applied physics area of the Mainz Microtron MAMI. Positrons will be created after pair conversion of bremsstrahlung, produced by the 855 MeV electron beam at MAMI in a tungsten converter target. From the two conceivable geometries (1) pair conversion in the bremsstrahlung converter target itself, and (2) bremsstrahlung pair conversion in a separated lead foil, the former was considered in detail. Positrons will be energy selected within an outside open electron beam-line bending magnet, and bent back by an additional sector magnet. Magnetic focusing elements in between are designed to prepare in a well shielded positron target chamber about 6 m away from the target a beam with horizontal and vertical emittances of $$\epsilon _\mathrm{v} $$

ϵ
v

= 0.055 $$\pi $$
π
mm mrad (1 $$\sigma $$
σ
), and $$\epsilon _\mathrm{h} = 0.12\, \pi $$

ϵ
h

=
0.12

π

mm mrad (1 $$\sigma $$
σ
), respectively, for a 10 $$\upmu $$
μ
m thick amorphous tungsten target and negligible momentum spread. At an accepted positron band width of 1 MeV, spots are expected vertically with an angular spread of 0.064 mrad and a size of 5.0 mm (FWHM), and horizontally with an angular spread of 0.64 mrad and a size of 7.7 mm (FWHM). The positron yield amounts to 13.1 per second, 1 MeV positron energy band width, and 1 nA electron beam current.

Graphic abstract
Copositivity of Three-Dimensional Symmetric Tensors
Authors: Qi Liqun , Song Yisheng , Zhang Xinzhen
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we seek analytically checkable necessary and sufficient condition for copositivity of a three-dimensional symmetric tensor. We first show that for a general third-order three-dimensional symmetric tensor, checking copositivity is equivalent to solving a quartic equation and some quadratic equations. All of them can be solved analytically. Thus, we present an analytical way to check copositivity of a third-order three-dimensional symmetric tensor. Then, we consider a model of vacuum stability for [Formula: see text] scalar dark matter. This is a special fourth-order three-dimensional symmetric tensor. We show that an analytically expressed necessary and sufficient condition for this model bounded from below can be given, by using a result given by Ulrich and Watson in 1994.
Exact wave solutions of truncated M-fractional new hamiltonian amplitude equation through two analytical techniques
Authors: Raheel Muhammad , Zafar Asim , Cevikel Adem , Rezazadeh Hadi , Bekir Ahmet
Published: August 2022

This research is concerned to some modernistic wave solutions of truncated M-fractional new Hamiltonian amplitude (NHA) equation. The dealing model relates with some disabilities of wave-train. The collected solutions can be executed in exposing of this model in prominent form. The obtained results include the trigonometric, hyperbolic trigonometric and exponential functions. Verification of the results is also done by using Mathematica tool. Two techniques named modified simplest equation (MSE) and Sardar sub-equation (SSE) techniques are employed to protect the results. The achieved results are also illustrated by 3D plots for different values of truncated M-fractional parameters. The achieved results are newer than the present results of the model in the literature. The gained results can also be fruitful for the development of model in future.
Diversity of optical soliton structures in the spinor Bose–Einstein condensate modeled by three-component Gross–Pitaevskii system
Authors: Younas Usman , Sulaiman T. A. , Ren Jingli
Published: August 2022

This paper pays attention to secure the different forms of optical soliton solutions to the spinor Bose–Einstein condensate. Three-component Gross–Pitaevskii (tc-GP) system which describes the F = 1 spinor Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), with F denoting the atom’s spin, is used as a governing model to secure the solutions in BEC. Superfluidity and superconductivity are two properties of the low-temperature phenomenon that are associated with the BEC, which is formed by a diluted atomic gas. There has been an increasing interest in studying multi-component equations because they can be utilized to explain a wide range of complicated physical phenomena and have more dynamical structures of localized wave solutions. New extended direct algebraic method (NEDAM), a recently developed integration tool, is used to secure the solution. Different kinds of solitons, such as dark, singular, kink, bright–dark, complex and combined, are extracted. In addition, hyperbolic, exponential type and periodic solutions are guaranteed. Nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) are well-explained by the technique since it offers previously derived solutions and also extracts new exact solutions by incorporating the results of multiple procedures. In addition to discussing the physical representation of some solutions, we also plot 3D, 2D and contour graphs using the appropriate parameter values. The findings of this paper can improve the nonlinear dynamical behavior of a given system and demonstrate the efficacy of the methodology used. We believe that a large number of engineering model specialists will benefit from this research. Findings suggest that the algorithm employed is efficient, prompt, succinct and applicable to complex systems.
Reduction Algorithm of Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Probability Rough Set Under Dominant Relation
Authors: Zhang Qiuna , Hu Chunhai
Published: August 2022

Attribute reduction is a part of the most basic and significant research contents in rough set theory. The so-called attribute reduction is the smallest independent subset that keeps certain properties of information table unchanged. In this paper, four interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy probabilistic rough set models and their natures are given on the basis of the dominant-, inferior- and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy probabilistic rough set models. At the same time, the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are transformed by fuzzy degree, and the approximate accuracy and approximate classification quality under the dominance relation are used for reduction, at last, the feasibility is verified by an example.
Multivariate Alexander quandles, IV. The medial quandle of a link
Authors: Traldi Lorenzo
Published: August 2022

Joyce observed that the Alexander invariant and the medial quandle of a classical knot are equivalent to each other, as invariants. In this paper, we discuss the rather complicated extension of Joyce’s observation to several different medial quandles and reduced (one-variable) Alexander modules associated with classical links. The theme is that for links, medial quandles provide stronger invariants than reduced Alexander modules.
Investigation of Flexoelectric Effect on Nonlinear Vibration and Dynamic Instability of Piezoelectric Sandwich Micro/Nanobeam Using the Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory
Authors: Shayestenia Fateme , Ghadiri Majid
Published: August 2022

A size-dependent electromechanical Euler–Bernoulli micro/nanobeam is proposed to address the nonlinear vibration and instability regions on the basis of nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) and von-Karman hypothesis. The micro/nanopiezoelectric sandwich beam is axially influenced by the parametric excitation. Moreover, the electric enthalpy energy density is employed to consider the effect of flexoelectricity. The nonlinear equations of motion are derived with the aim of Hamilton’s variational approach. In this study, the electrostatic and Casimir forces are considered. The multiple time scales method is employed to solve the equation. Based on the outcomes of this research, it can be claimed that the flexoelectric and piezoelectric parameters have a pivotal influence on the amplitude response and dynamic instability regions. Furthermore, the applied voltage enlarges the distance between the bifurcation points and has a softening effect on micro/nanobeam. This work tries to provide a comprehensive understanding of flexoelectric micro/nanosandwich beam and prepare valuable information for designing flexoelectricity-based micro/nanostructures such as actuators, sensors, switches and resonators.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR CLASSIFICATION OF CARDIOMEGALY X-RAY IMAGES
Authors: KIM MIN-JEONG , KIM JUNG-HUN
Published: August 2022

In this study, the effect of the input image format on the accuracy in deep learning (DL) was evaluated using tagged image file format (TIFF), PNG, and JPEG images converted from DICOM images. Based on the evaluation results, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based DL model was proposed. The training and test data used in this study were chest X-ray images of patients diagnosed with normal heart or cardiomegaly conditions. CNN models, namely VGGNet, ResNet, InceptionNet (GoogleNet), DenseNet, and EfficientNet, were used to compare the results according to the types of input images, that is, images converted from DICOM images into TIFF, PNG, and JPEG images. The classification performance was validated by proposing a CNN model that can classify normal hearts and cardiomegaly in chest X-ray images. In this study, through medical imaging research using deep learning, it was demonstrated that the classification performance was unaffected even when the DICOM image was converted into any format and used as an input image. In addition, the proposed CNN model exhibited excellent performance in classifying normal hearts and cardiomegaly on X-ray images. This can be used in various studies that aim to apply DL to medical images by providing information according to the input image type and is also considered to aid in the selection of image type and learning parameters. The proposed model is expected to yield useful results for the classification of diseases in chest X-ray images.
ID-NET:INCEPTION DECONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR MULTI-CLASS CLASSIFICATION IN RETINAL FUNDUS IMAGE
Authors: ZHANG XINPENG , PENG ZHIHAO , MENG MIN , WU JIGANG , HAN YILIN , ZHANG YAO , YANG JUHONG , ZHAO QIAN
Published: August 2022

Micro-aneurysms, hemorrhages, and hard exudates are the early lesions of diabetic retinopathy, with micro-aneurysms and small hemorrhages appearing as small and multi-size objects in the retinal fundus image. Though it is essentially a promising technique for object classification in images, the deep learning method needs specific investigation for dealing with retinal fundus images. To this, we propose an inception deconvolutional network, dubbed ID-Net, for multi-class object classification. The ID-Net consists of two inception modules, one with a series of convolutional filters used for extracting multi-scale features and the other with a stack of deconvolutional filters for recovering the features and thus increasing the feature representation capability. As a result, the proposed network succeeds in overcoming the under-fitting and representational bottlenecks, two challenges caused by imbalanced data of retinal fundus images. Experimental results show that the ID-Net can accurately classify early lesions, and achieves higher sensitivity and accuracy than the state-of-the-art evaluation on the public database.
IMPROVEMENT OF INCEPTIONV3 MODEL CLASSIFICATION PERFORMANCE USING CHEST X-RAY IMAGES
Authors: KIM JUNG-HUN
Published: August 2022

In this study, we attempted to confirm whether the InceptionV3 model, which shows excellent performance in lung disease classification using chest X-ray images, is suitable for cardiac disease classification. In addition, we proposed a method for improving classification accuracy by improving the structure of the existing InceptionV3 model. The deep learning model used in this study was a modified version of the fully-connected hierarchical structure of InceptionV3. The proposed InceptionV3 model structure was constructed to differentiate between a normal heart and hypertrophic heart. The data used for model training were trained after data augmentation on 1026 chest X-ray images of patients diagnosed with normal heart and cardiac hypertrophy at Kyungpook National University Hospital. The experiment showed a learning classification accuracy of 99.57% and loss of 1.42% for the original InceptionV3 model. The accuracy and loss of the modified InceptionV3 model were 99.81% and 0.92%, respectively. Its classification performance was evaluated based on precision, recall, and F1 score. For a normal heart, precision, recall and F1 score were 78%, 100% and 88%, respectively. For cardiomegaly, classification accuracy, recall and F1 score were 78%, 100% and 88%, respectively. Conversely, the modified model showed 100% precision, 92% recall and 96% F1 score. For cardiomegaly, classification accuracy, recall rate and F1 score were 95, 100 and 97%, respectively. In conclusion, better classification can be achieved if the chest X-ray images for a normal heart and cardiomegaly are classified using the proposed model. Hence, the reliability of the classification performance gradually increases.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL PORTABLE TCM MUSIC ELECTROACUPUNCTURE APPARATUS
Authors: LI WANGYANG , CHEN JIN , CHAO YI , DUAN ZIYUE , LI SHAOXIONG , XU GANG , GAO MING
Published: August 2022

Electroacupuncture is an effective therapy method in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), but the monotonic repeatability of stimulus signals may face problems due to the body’s tolerance. Music therapy is a widely used method for targeting mental and neurological diseases. Music electroacupuncture combines the advantages of these two therapies by using the variability of music to deal with the tolerance problem. Presently, the stimulus signals of the music electroacupuncture devices are filtered from music, and the frequency of the electric plus is not easy to control. In this pursuit, a new processing circuit of music electroacupuncture signal was proposed using a novel portable music electroacupuncture apparatus based on the Chinese Medical music therapy. Specifically, as the stimulus signal changes synchronously with the music, the frequency of the stimulus plus signal can be flexibly controlled. Using headphones, a selected synchronous intervention music and electrical stimulation worked synchronously to achieve the therapeutic effect of physical and mental harmony. Experiments and measurements confirmed that the stimulation parameters of the proposed electroacupuncture apparatus in this study met the provisions of relevant standards, and the stimulation output was safe and reliable. Furthermore, it offered better and more comfortable body feelings, compared to other music electroacupuncture methods.
A TWO-STAGE EXTRACTION NETWORK FOR THE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY CONTOUR
Authors: CAO XINYU , JIANG PEILIN , GAO DENGFENG
Published: August 2022

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) with high resolution was found lucrative for coronary heart disease diagnosis and treatment such as evaluating the degree of vascular stenosis and guiding stent implantation. Lumen contour is an essential information for assessing the shape and stenosis of blood vessels. The automatic and accurate extraction of lumen contour can significantly reduce the burden of doctors and improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease. The existing contour segmentation methods have poor performance in extracting the contour of the image with a missing blood vessel wall. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-stage contour extraction method based on deep learning. First, the method uses the basic contour extraction network to complete the feature image extraction and coarse contour segmentation, then inputs the feature image into the attentional class feature (ACF) module, and uses the coarse segmentation results to guide the generation of the new feature map for the refined contour segmentation. Finally, the fully connected conditional random field (CRF) module is used for post-processing yielding a more refined and smooth segmentation boundary. The experiments show that compared with the other methods, the lumen contour segmentation method proposed in this paper can adequately resolve the problem of partial vessel wall absence in OCT images and improve the accuracy of lumen contour extraction.
AN INTRAOPERATIVE CORRECTION METHOD OF MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY BASED ON LASER SCANNER
Authors: ZHANG CHUXI , CHEN XIAO , CHEN XINRONG , ZHANG SHILEI
Published: August 2022

The oral craniomaxillofacial region is adjacent to the cranium with complex anatomical structures. Therefore, precise and minimally invasive surgeries are essential for preserving its function and reconstructing its appearance. The most commonly used method is optical surgical navigation technology. Compared with preoperative computed tomography image registration, the accuracy of intraoperative navigation can be calculated to help surgeons judge the effect of surgery. This study aimed to introduce laser scanning in craniomaxillofacial bone surgery, so as to create a new method of navigation accuracy verification, and compare the image with the preoperative plan. The experimental results of this study showed that the average accuracy of point verification calculation was greater than 3[Formula: see text]mm, which was much greater than the average accuracy of laser scanning plane verification based on mixed Student [Formula: see text] distribution (less than 1[Formula: see text]mm), and a statistically significant difference was found between them. It was demonstrated that relying solely on individual points to depict the operation of the entire bone surface was insufficient in navigation surgery.
A New Type of Variable Preconditioning for a Generalized Minimum Residual Scheme
Authors: Kushida Noriyuki , Okuda Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

Krylov linear equation solvers have been widely used on distributed-memory-type supercomputers. Krylov-type linear equation solvers are frequently applied using preconditioning techniques to achieve fast and robust computations. Flexible Krylov solvers that accept variable preconditioning have recently been developed, whereas conventional ones are invariable throughout the Krylov solver iterations. The generalized minimal residual recursive method (GMRESR) is outstandingly unique because it is combined with a preconditioning update scheme based on Eirola and Nevanlinna’s rank-one update scheme. Moreover, the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno scheme (BFGS) provides another means to update preconditioning matrices. In this study, we applied BFGS to GMRESR as an alternative means of updating the preconditioning matrices and then measured the performance. As a result, the newly developed method exhibited an approximately 10-fold better convergence than Eirola and Nevanlinna’s approach.
Monitoring of time-resolved singlet oxygen luminescence at 1270nm by an optical fiber detection system
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Lin Hongxin , Hu Ying , Sui Jian , Lin Lisheng , Li Buhong
Published: August 2022

Singlet oxygen (1O2) is the main cytotoxic substance in Type II photodynamic therapy (PDT). The luminescence of 1O2 at 1270[Formula: see text]nm is extremely weak with a low quantum yield, making the direct detection of 1O2 at 1270[Formula: see text]nm very challenging. In this study, a set of highly sensitive optical fiber detection system is built up to detect the luminescence of photosensitized 1O2. We use this system to test the luminescence characteristics of 1O2 in pig skin tissue ex vivo and mouse auricle skin in vivo. The experimental results show that the designed system can quantitatively detect photosensitized 1O2 luminescence. The 1O2 luminescence signal at 1270[Formula: see text]nm is successfully detected in pig skin ex vivo. Compared with RB in an aqueous solution, the lifetime of 1O2 increases to [Formula: see text]s in pig skin tissue ex vivo. Experiments on living mice suggest that an enhancement of 1O2 intensity with the increase of the TMPyP concentration. When the dose is 25[Formula: see text]mg/kg, the vasoconstriction can reach more than 80%. The results of this study hold the potential application for clinical PDT dose monitoring using an optical fiber detection system.
Svalbard Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Barents Sea
Authors: Olaussen Snorre , Grundvåg Sten-Andreas , Senger Kim , Anell Ingrid , Betlem Peter , Birchall Thomas , Braathen Alvar , Dallmann Winfried , Jochmann Malte , Johannessen Erik P. , Lord Gareth , Mørk Atle , Osmundsen Per T. , Smyrak-Sikora Aleksandra , Stemmerik Lars
Published: August 2022

The Svalbard Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (SCTSE) is located on the northwestern corner of the Barents Shelf and comprises a Carboniferous–Pleistocene sedimentary succession. Due to Cenozoic uplift, the succession is subaerially exposed in the Svalbard archipelago. The oldest parts of the succession consist of Carboniferous–Permian mixed siliciclastic, carbonate and evaporite, and spiculitic sediments that developed during multiple phases of extension. The majority of the Mesozoic succession is composed of siliciclastic deposits formed in sag basins and continental platforms. Episodes of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous contraction are evident in the eastern part of the archipelago and in nearby offshore areas. Differential uplift related to the opening of the Amerasian Basin and the Cretaceous emplacement of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province created a major hiatus spanning from the Late Cretaceous and early Danian throughout the Svalbard CTSE. The West Spitsbergen Fold and Thrust Belt and the associated foreland basin in central Spitsbergen (Central Tertiary Basin) formed as a response to the Eurekan Orogeny and the progressive northward opening of the North Atlantic during the Paleogene. This event was followed by the formation of yet another major hiatus spanning the Oligocene–Pliocene. Multiple reservoir and source-rock units exposed in Svalbard provide analogues to the prolific offshore acreages in the SW Barents Sea, and are important for the de-risking of plays and prospects. However, the archipelago itself is regarded as a high-risk acreage for petroleum exploration. This is due to Paleogene contraction and late Neogene uplift of the western and central parts in particular. There is an absence of mature source rocks in the east, and the entire region is subjected to strict environmental protection.