bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Framework for Examining the Environmental Impacts of Asphalt Pavement Mixtures in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shatnawi Ibrahem , Waheish Ayman Ali
Published: January 2025

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the predominant approach for evaluating the environmental impacts of asphalt pavement.

A comprehensive LCA framework for assessing the environmental impacts of asphalt pavements in Saudi Arabia was defined. This model framework presents a clear approach for estimating the emissions generated from mix production in the cradle-to-gate state.

Energy consumption and transport distance (i.e., the distance between raw material production facilities and asphalt plants) are two of the main factors that need to be considered in estimations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of asphalt pavements.

Several environmental impact categories, including stratospheric ozone depletion, photochemical ozone formation, acidification, eutrophication, climate change, and particulate matter formation, were identified.
A review on soil erosion and its control techniques
Authors: Dhruv Dineshbhai Kachhadiya  , Parwathi Pillai
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on Soil erosion, which is a critical environmental challenge, and has profound impacts on agriculture, biodiversity, and water quality. This paper explores the historical and contemporary perspectives of soil erosion in India and globally, highlighting its causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies. India's agrarian economy has long grappled with soil erosion, exacerbated by monsoon-driven climates and unsustainable practices. Traditional conservation methods were undermined during colonial and industrial periods, but modern initiatives like watershed management and soil loss estimation models have renewed focus on combating erosion. At the global level, projects like the GLASOD provide insights into the severity of degradation and the urgency for sustainable practices. In India's arid regions, such as the Thar Desert, wind patterns play a significant role in soil erosion. Seasonal winds cause displacement and nutrient loss, affecting agriculture, infrastructure, and ecosystems. The paper outlines various mitigation strategies, including vegetative barriers, sand fences, chemical stabilizers, and advanced technologies like precision agriculture and geotextiles. Despite progress, challenges persist, such as integrating traditional knowledge with modern techniques and addressing socio-economic barriers. Future directions emphasize holistic approaches, community involvement, and climate-resilient strategies to ensure sustainable soil and ecosystem management.
The Critical Role of Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) in Mitigating Ransomware and Securing Backup, Recovery, and Storage Systems
Authors: Taresh Mehra
Published: January 2025

In today’s digital landscape, ransomware attacks have become one of the most significant cybersecurity threats. Securing backup, recovery, and storage systems is paramount to ensuring business continuity. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) has proven to be a key strategy in defending against ransomware attacks by adding an extra layer of security. By requiring two forms of authentication, 2FA reduces the risk of unauthorized access to critical systems and data. This paper explores how 2FA enhances the security of backup systems, recovery processes, and storage devices, with a particular focus on its role in mitigating ransomware risks. It further discusses its impact on compliance with data protection regulations and operational efficiency.
Assessing the impact of natural ventilation on indoor air quality and CO2 concentration in residential apartments
Authors: Farhana Ahmed  , Sarder Mohammad Hafijur Rahman
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of natural ventilation on indoor air quality (IAQ) and CO₂ concentration in residential buildings in Dhaka, Bangladesh, focusing on kitchen environments. Poor IAQ, particularly elevated CO₂ levels, poses significant health risks, including respiratory issues and cognitive impairments. In Dhaka, inadequate ventilation exacerbates these issues, especially in kitchens where cooking activities generate pollutants like CO₂ and particulate matter. The study aims to assess how variations in window size and ventilation influence CO₂ levels in kitchens and compare CO₂ concentrations before and after cooking. Additionally, it explores natural ventilation strategies to enhance IAQ in residential apartments. Using an experimental approach, CO₂ levels were monitored in various kitchens and living rooms over a one-week period, employing HOBO CO₂ sensors and temperature-humidity loggers. Cooking activities like grilling, frying, and boiling were analyzed to determine the effect on CO₂ concentrations. Results showed that CO₂ levels significantly increased during cooking, with kitchens exhibiting the highest concentrations. Notably, open windows contributed to lower CO₂ levels, particularly in living rooms and dining areas, emphasizing the role of natural ventilation. However, kitchens still experienced substantial CO₂ buildup, indicating the need for additional ventilation solutions. The study concludes that while open windows improve IAQ, enhanced ventilation systems and strategic airflow management are essential to reduce CO₂ levels and ensure healthier living environments in residential buildings.
Work environment to improve employee performance through work discipline on employees at PT. Surya Madistrindo Area Operation Jember City, Indonesia
Authors: Adela Febriani Syah Putri  , Amiartuti Kusmaningtyas
Published: January 2025

This research examines the connection between the work environment, work discipline, and employee performance at PT. Surya Madistrindo, located in Jember City, Indonesia, employs the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory. Data were gathered from 60 sales representatives via saturated sampling through a survey based on a Likert scale and analyzed using Smart PLS. The findings indicated a notable positive effect of the work environment on work discipline (T-statistic: 7.663, P-value: <0.000), as well as work discipline's influence on employee performance (T-statistic: 13.135, P-value: 0.000). Nonetheless, the immediate impact of the work environment on performance was adverse (T-statistic: 2.441, P-value: 0.015), highlighting the mediating function of work discipline. This research emphasizes the significance of a nurturing workplace and robust leader-employee connections in boosting work discipline and increasing employee performance.
Exploring knowledge, attitudes, and the use of modern contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Chidimma Vivian Okoli  , Enibokun Theresa Orobator  , Jones Azefor Sango Chiawah  , Shenade Joseph  , Njeri Micheu  , Oghenetanure Ryan Enaworu
Published: January 2025

Contraceptive use in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, is critically important for reducing unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and maternal mortality. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding modern contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in Gwarinpa, Abuja, Nigeria. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, data were collected from 206 women through a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. The study found that 71% of participants used modern contraceptive methods, with oral contraceptives being the most popular. A majority (85%) had favourable attitudes towards contraceptive use, and 88.3% were aware of the benefits of modern contraceptives. However, cultural and religious opposition (42%) posed significant barriers. Despite concerns about side effects, the study revealed that access to contraception was generally not a major issue. Health facilities played a major role in providing information, though other sources, such as the Internet and social networks, were also influential. The study suggests that targeted interventions are needed to overcome cultural barriers and improve contraceptive uptake, particularly in rural and underserved areas, contributing to better maternal health outcomes in Nigeria.
The role of management elements in achieving complete basic immunization in infants
Authors: Cucu Herawati  , Muhammad Titan Fauzan Rahman Asukin  , Laili Nurjannah Yulistiyana  , Iin Kristanti  , Suzana Indragiri  , Nuniek Tri Wahyuni  , Nur Arofah
Published: January 2025

Effective efforts to prevent sickness and death of children with Immunization. Immunization protects children from several diseases. The achievement of UCI Puskesmas is still below the national target of 100%. The availability of human resources, costs, facilities infrastructure, and functions management implementation immunization base influences the success of the immunization program base complete in babies. This study aimed to determine the role of management elements in achieving complete basic Immunization in infants.
Quantitative research type with cross-sectional design. The population of the study was 32 immunization program holders. The sampling technique used was Total Sampling. Data collection method by interview. Data analysis with Chi-Square Test. The results showed that the elements of poor management were 15 (46.9%), good management elements were 17 (53.1%), immunization coverage was not achieved by 13 (40.6%), and immunization coverage was achieved by 19 (59.4%). There is a relationship between management elements and immunization coverage with a p-value of 0.001. It is expected that there will be the development of immunization health workers in terms of number and competence and rewards for good health workers in the immunization program to achieve immunization coverage rates in each health center area.
Synergy of supermarket system and human resources in manufacturing industry
Authors: Tri Wahjoedi  , Kusuma Adi Rahardjo
Published: January 2025

This case study explores the supermarket concept to control raw material supplies and improve process flow between departments in the manufacturing industry, PT PI in the Sidoarjo industrial area, East Java province, Indonesia. This research is combination qualitative-quantitative research. Using observations and interviews with employee and management representatives. Use brainstorming to create a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis to find recommended actions and prioritize them. Annual panel data collection to determine safe stock and minimum – maximum stock levels. The research results show that the supermarket concept provides significant improvements to distribution flows, reduces inventory levels by up to 90%, improves production inventory and increases employee maturity, all of these improvements make production more reliable. Many papers only discuss the concept, model and quantity of inventory control but rarely discuss how to apply it in limited conditions (warehouse space, production space, operator behaviour, etc.). This paper suggests several approaches and actions that can provide great benefits regarding the implementation of supermarket systems in the manufacturing industry.
Germinated Vigna aconitifolia: A novel functional food ingredient for heart health
Authors: Venipriyadharshini. L  , Kavitha.K
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dietary modifications, such as increasing consumption of plant-based foods, can play a crucial role in preventing and managing CVD. This study aimed to investigate the nutritional profile of germinated Vigna aconitifolia (V. aconitifolia) flour and its potential as a functional food ingredient for cardiovascular health. The nutritional profile of germinated V. aconitifolia flour was evaluated using standard analytical methods. The amino acid profile, vitamin B content, and other nutrients were analyzed and compared with its ungerminated counterpart. The results showed that germinated V. aconitifolia flour had a lower methionine content and a higher content of vitamin B6 and folate compared to its ungerminated counterpart. The germinated flour also had a higher content of fiber, potassium, and magnesium. The nutritional changes in germinated V. aconitifolia flour may contribute to its potential CVD protective action by reducing homocysteine levels and improving endothelial function.This study suggests that germinated V. aconitifolia flour may be a potential functional food ingredient for cardiovascular health. Its incorporation into food products may provide a nutritious and wholesome option for consumers
AI-powered early detection of neurological disease: Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kavitha Soppari  , Bharath Vupperpally  , Harshini Adloori  , Kumar Agolu  , Sujith kasula
Published: January 2025

Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurological illness that gradually compromises motor abilities. Tremors, muscle rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement) are symptoms of PD. Effective therapy depends on a prompt and accurate diagnosis, yet traditional diagnostic methods can be laborious and subjective. The goal of this study is to create a machine learning-based model that uses clinical information, like vocal characteristics, to detect Parkinson's disease. Through the use of advanced machine learning algorithms and the extraction of important data patterns, the project hopes to develop a trustworthy diagnostic tool that will help physicians identify Parkinson's disease (PD) early on, facilitating quicker interventions and improved patient care.
Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm: A case report and literature review
Authors: Achraf ZAIMI  , Hicham FALIOUNI  , Nadia LOUDIY  , Mohammed MALKI  , Najat MOUINE  , Aatif BENYASS
Published: January 2025

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysms are rare but clinically significant, often developing after transmural myocardial infarction, surgery, trauma, or infection. Despite their rarity, they pose a high risk of spontaneous rupture, making early detection and diagnosis crucial. Symptoms such as heart failure, chest pain, and dyspnea can be present, but diagnostic imaging is typically required, as clinical signs are neither sensitive nonspecific. The gold standard for diagnosis remains angiography of the left ventricle and coronary arteries, though advances in noninvasive imaging (e.g., echocardiography, CT scan, and especially cardiac MRI) now allow better differentiation between pseudoaneurysms and true aneurysms. Due to the high risk of rupture, surgical repair is generally recommended for symptomatic pseudoaneurysms, though no standardized guidelines exist for follow-up imaging. Advances in imaging techniques have greatly improved the diagnostic process, enabling more accurate and timely interventions.
Workflow optimization for mobile computing
Authors: Narendra Maddukuri
Published: January 2025

Mobile workflow optimization has emerged as a critical factor in modern business operations, transforming how organizations manage and execute their processes across distributed environments. This comprehensive article explores the fundamental components, implementation strategies, and future directions of mobile workflow optimization. The article examines cloud integration, artificial intelligence implementation, security frameworks, and technical considerations that drive successful mobile workflow deployments. Through detailed analysis of real-world implementations, the research demonstrates how organizations improve operational efficiency, user satisfaction, and resource utilization while maintaining robust security measures. The investigation encompasses development methodologies, monitoring strategies, and emerging technologies reshaping the mobile workflow landscape, providing insights into best practices and future considerations for organizations pursuing the mobile-first operational strategy.
AI in agriculture: Smart greenhouses and indoor farming systems
Authors: Praveen Payili
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive article examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence on modern indoor agriculture, focusing on key technological advancements in smart greenhouse management and controlled environment agriculture. The article explores critical areas, including precision environmental control, nutrient management in hydroponic systems, plant health monitoring and disease management, harvest optimization, quality control, and energy management with sustainability practices. AI-driven solutions have revolutionized traditional farming approaches by integrating deep learning algorithms, computer vision systems, and IoT sensor networks, enabling unprecedented levels of automation, resource efficiency, and crop yield optimization. Implementing these technologies has significantly improved agricultural metrics, from disease detection and prevention to harvest timing and quality assessment, while substantially reducing operational costs and environmental impact.
Implementing data lineage frameworks in financial institutions: A systematic analysis of compliance, efficiency, and risk management
Authors: Dorai Surendar Chittoor
Published: January 2025

This article comprehensively analyzes modern data lineage frameworks within financial institutions, examining their implementation challenges, operational impacts, and regulatory compliance benefits. The article investigates the key components of enterprise-scale data lineage systems, including source integration, transformation architecture, storage mechanisms, and governance structures. The article systematically examines implementation strategies across multiple financial organizations and identifies critical success factors and common impediments in establishing robust data lineage frameworks. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in regulatory compliance efficiency, risk management capabilities, and operational transparency when implementing comprehensive data lineage solutions. The article highlights the importance of integrated governance policies, automated monitoring systems, and scalable architectural designs in achieving successful outcomes.

Furthermore, the article reveals that financial institutions implementing structured data lineage frameworks show an enhanced ability to meet evolving regulatory requirements while maintaining operational efficiency. This article contributes to the growing knowledge of data governance in financial services. It provides practical insights for organizations seeking to strengthen their data management capabilities through modern lineage frameworks.
Design and development of scavenging machine to control water pollution
Authors: Panneer Selvam Karupiah  , Raja Mohamed S  , Prakash Raj M  , Abdul Faizal R
Published: January 2025

Water is the most essential natural resource for human survival. Population explosion, industrialization, and technological advancement are responsible for generating solid, liquid, and gaseous waste that indiscriminately pollutes the environment. In particular, the solid waste when gets into water resource undergo decay which becomes a source of breeding of diseases causing mosquitoes that spread a number of diseases like malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, brain fever, etc. The accumulated solids are blocking the flow of water as well as sewage. Nearly 40 million liters of wastewater are released into rivers and water bodies every day, but only a small fraction of it is properly treated. Water pollution causes diseases like Bronchitis, Tuberculosis, Asthma, Nausea, Typhoid, Diarrhea, etc., and it causes to kills more than 1.5 Indian children every year. To minimize and control water pollution, prevention of solid entering into the waterbody and the removal of the solid waste which is already present in the waterbody are important migrative actions. In the present investigation, an attempt is made to replace the manual scavenging of solid waste from waterbodies by the automated machine. The main advantage of the Automatic Scavenging Machine is to collects the trash from the water surface by conveyer, crushes it by shredder, and stores them in the trash storage tank for proper disposal. It stores large amounts of trash and cleans the solid waste within a few minutes. Hence the water becomes less contaminated and less harmful to humans and the environment.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice on menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in Coimbatore: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Indirani Kaliappan  , Premagowri Balakrishnan
Published: January 2025

Background: Menstruation is a phenomenon specific to women. The World Health Organisation states that it is a normal biological occurrence that is defined by the uterine passage of mucus and blood periodically. Many girls have a range of symptoms during their menstrual cycle, including headaches, stomach cramps, tiredness, migraines, and acne. Girls continue to experience social and cultural shame in our society, which is exacerbated by common misconceptions and beliefs. India may be more susceptible to improper menstrual management practices due to a lack of adequate hygienic facilities and limited access to feminine hygiene products.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate teenage school girls'(10-19 years) KAP of menstruation, and to get their menstrual health-related health-seeking behavior.

Methodology: Using a semi-structured, pretested questionnaire, 1137 teenage schoolgirls participated in a cross-sectional study conducted between March 2021 and July 2024 regarding their knowledge, practices, and hygienic methods for managing problems related to menstruation.

Results: Most of them learned about menstruation and its issues from mothers (77.1%) and friends (15.9%). Nearly 4.5% were aware of menstrual problems, and 41.9% and 42.9% were aware of unexcepted menstruation, and the physiological changes respectively. According to the investigation of menstrual health management, 59.7% reported psychological symptoms and 59.2% of monthly absences from school. Approximately 34.8% exercised or performed yoga to reduce pain, and 47.4% sought medical assistance for menstrual health difficulties. Around 94.5% use disposable pads and, 58.9% use three to four napkins daily.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of providing complete education on menstruation, reproductive health before puberty, appropriate menstrual hygiene management, and the negative consequences of a lack of information about hygiene practices among adolescent girls. Furthermore, through the provision of health cards to track and manage menstrual health and cleaning practices, it is advised that healthcare professionals hold regular workshops to raise awareness among parents, educators, and young girls. This will increase their attitudes and behaviors around menstrual hygiene.
Ethnobotany in the digital age: Opportunities and challenges of traditional knowledge digitization
Authors: Dipak A. Magare  , Madhukar. B. Patil
Published: January 2025

Digitization of traditional medicinal knowledge bridges the gap between ancient wisdom and modern science, ensuring the preservation and sustainable use of this invaluable cultural heritage. This paper reviews the importance of digitization, highlighting its role in preserving oral traditions, fostering global research collaboration, and promoting biodiversity conservation. It explores the integration of traditional knowledge with bioinformatics tools for drug discovery and sustainable harvesting practices. Furthermore, the review identifies key challenges, such as ensuring data accuracy, ethical concerns, and accessibility for marginalized communities, while proposing solutions through emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and blockchain. By leveraging global databases and tools like TKDL, BOLD, and GBIF, digitization creates a pathway for advancing traditional medicinal knowledge into a universally accessible, scientifically validated resource.
Artificial Intelligence in pharmaceutical supply chain management: A systemic review
Authors: Arnab Roy  , Anuradha Mohapatra  , Chitranjali Sharwan  , Adarsh Kumar  , Sunny Kumar  , Akshat Maholay  , Clerick C Conneh
Published: January 2025

The pharmaceutical supply chain is a critical component of the global healthcare system, ensuring the efficient delivery of life-saving drugs to patients. However, challenges such as inventory management, counterfeit drugs, demand forecasting, and regulatory compliance necessitate innovative solutions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in optimizing pharmaceutical supply chain operations. This review systematically examines the applications, benefits, challenges, and future prospects of AI in pharmaceutical supply chain management (PSCM). By analyzing current literature, this article highlights AI-driven solutions such as predictive analytics, blockchain integration, and machine learning algorithms, offering a comprehensive understanding of their impact on efficiency, accuracy, and transparency in the pharmaceutical supply chain.
The effects and mechanisms of sivelestat in alleviating post-resuscitation brain injury
Authors: Yaling Jin  , Min Tang  , Lihui Chen  , Weiting Chen  , Jiuzhou Lin
Published: January 2025

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effects of sivelestat (SV) in a porcine cardiac arrest-resuscitation model while exploring its association with the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.

Methods: Fifteen healthy male pigs were randomly assigned to the sham operation group (Sham, n=5), the cardiopulmonary resuscitation group (CPR, n=5), and the CPR with SV treatment group (CPR+SV, n=5). Cardiac arrest was induced by ventricular fibrillation for 9 minutes in the CPR and CPR+SV groups, followed by 6 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to establish the experimental model. To assess the potential protective effects of SV, five minutes after successful resuscitation, the CPR+SV group received SV at 10 mg/kg via femoral vein infusion for 1 hour using a micro-infusion pump. Blood samples were collected from the femoral vein at baseline and at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 hours post-resuscitation for serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β protein, recognized as markers of brain injury, via ELISA. Neurological function was assessed 24 hours post-resuscitation using neurological deficit scores (NDS). The animals were euthanized 24 hours post-resuscitation, and left ventricular apical myocardial and frontal lobe cortex tissues were harvested. Brain tissue levels of inflammatory markers, IL-1β and IL-18, were analyzed using Western blotting. Western blot was used to evaluate the effect of SV in reducing the expression levels of NF-κB, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and GSDMD, key markers of pyroptosis, in the brain tissues of pigs after CPR.

Results: Post-resuscitation, the CPR and CPR+SV groups exhibited significantly higher serum levels of NSE and S100β and elevated NDS scores compared to the Sham group (all P<0.05). Nevertheless, the CPR+SV group showed significantly improved neurological scores and reduced levels of brain injury markers at all time points post-resuscitation versus the CPR group (P<0.05). At 24 hours post-resuscitation, IL-1β and IL-18 levels in the brain tissues of CPR and CPR+SV groups were markedly higher than those in the Sham group (P<0.05). Conversely, the levels of inflammatory factors in the CPR+SV group were significantly reduced compared to the CPR group (P<0.05). At 24 hours post-resuscitation, brain tissue expression of NF-κB, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and GSDMD was markedly elevated in the CPR group (P<0.05). SV markedly suppressed the expression of these pyroptosis-associated proteins (P<0.05), highlighting its potential role in neuroprotective via inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.

Conclusion: SV effectively mitigates post-resuscitation brain injury and enhances neurological outcomes, likely through its regulatory effects on the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.
The Impact of Tele pharmacy in Rural Healthcare
Authors: Khushi Kakasaheb Kunte  , Pranali Hatwar  , Dr. Gajanan S. Sanap
Published: January 2025

In many nations, the rapid expansion of information and telecommunication technology use has a significant impact on healthcare delivery. Geographical and demographic characteristics, however, frequently make it difficult for rural areas and residents to access healthcare services. Telepharmacy, a relatively new term for pharmaceutical services, allows a qualified pharmacist to provide healthcare services, including medication reviews, patient counseling, and prescription verification, to patients who live far from a hospital, pharmacy, or healthcare facility. Economic benefits, patient satisfaction due to medication access and information in rural areas, easy access to healthcare services in remote and rural locations, effective patient counseling, and a lack of local pharmacists and pharmacy services are just a few of the well-known advantages of telepharmacy. Although telepharmacy is an excellent idea, its implementation can occasionally be difficult. There are hazards and legal issues that come with implementing these techniques that must be resolved. Significant time, money, and effort are required for the technology, software, connectivity, and operational costs associated with telepharmacy startup. One of the main obstacles to telepharmacy services for rural hospitals with fewer patients seems to be cost.Furthermore, there are still issues with the execution and uniformity of the telepharmacy law. A properly-designed system, however, has the power to transform pharmacy practice in ways that benefit rural communities as well as the hospitals or retail pharmacies that provide these services.
DIAGNOSIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL MATEMATIKA BERDASARKAN TINGKAT KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIKA PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP
Authors: Nursalma Nursalma , Muzaini Muhammad , Mahmud Randy Saputra
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiagnosa kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika, diantaranya kesulitan dalam menggunakan konsep, prinsip, dan menyelesaikan masalah verbal. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 3 orang dari 38 orang dari dua kelas berbeda pada Kelas VIII SMP Unismuh Makassar yang dikategorikan kemampuan matematika tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes kesulitan menyelesaikan soal dan pedoman Wawancara.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode tes dan metode wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan yang dialami oleh siswa berdasarkan indikator kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal yaitu, siswa kemampuan matematika tinggi mengalami kesulitan dalam menggunakan konsep yang berkaitan dengan rumus, Siswa kemampuan matematika sedang mengalami kesulitan dalam menggunakan prinsip yang berkaitan tidak menyelesaikan perhitungan, dan siswa kemampuan matematika rendah mengalami kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan masalah verbal yang berkaitan dengan penarikan kesimpulan, hal ini disebabkan kurangnya pemahaman konsep maupun prinsip, serta siswa juga mengalami kesulitan menyelesaikan masalah verbal matematika  yang belum mampu secara optimal sehingga menyebabkan siswa kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal bangun ruang sisi datar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas, disimpulkan bahwa kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika berpengaruh terhadap siswa Kelas VIII SMP Unismuh Makassar.
Potential of mRNA therapy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Aitbaev K. A. , Murkamilov I. T. , Fomin V. V.
Published: January 2025

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), alarmed the global community due to the significant loss of human lives during the pandemic. However, as the saying goes, every cloud has a silver lining. A positive aspect of this recent pandemic has been that it stimulated scientists to create vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, accelerating the emergence of new therapeutic agents based on messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Numerous mRNA therapeutic products are currently in development, with dozens at various clinical trial stages. These products have facilitated significant changes in the paradigm of medical therapy, including the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although most of these cardiovascular mRNA therapeutics are still in preclinical development, phase IIa trials for myocardial ischemia therapy have already been completed with encouraging results. The scope of mRNA therapy for CVD is extremely broad, potentially even limitless, with ongoing research including conditions like myocardial ischemia, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypercholesterolemia, and occlusive arterial diseases. Moreover, mRNA can be used to enhance the effectiveness of cell therapies. In the future, researchers predict that mRNA therapies will not only replace some existing biopharmaceuticals and pharmacotherapy methods but also be applied to treat previously considered untreatable cardiovascular diseases.
Lymphotropic therapy in the treatment of tuberculosis
Authors: Tarasov R. V. , Zakharova A. M. , Tikhonov A. M. , Krasnikova E. V. , Sadovnikova S. S. , Bagirov M. A.
Published: January 2025

One of the current issues in tuberculosis treatment is the intolerance to anti-tuberculosis drugs, which drives the search for the most effective method of delivering medications to the site of inflammation. A review of literature sources from the databases RSCI, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, covering the period from 1984 to 2020, was conducted, focusing on the use of endolymphatic therapy in patients with tuberculosis of various localizations. The analysis showed that the effectiveness of endolymphatic administration of anti-tuberculosis agents improves treatment outcomes for patients with progressive tuberculosis.
Use of chitosan of various origins in medicine
Authors: Kopteva L. A. , Obiedkov E. G. , Mishina E. S. , Ivanov I. S. , Terentyev A. K. , Obiedkova N. Yu.
Published: January 2025

Chitosan is widely used in all areas of human activity. It is obtained from animals, insects, and plants containing chitin through chemical purification. Animal-derived raw materials are most in demand, while insect-derived sources are the most promising. Main Provisions. Chitosan is extensively used in medicine: in nutrition, surgery, hematology, dentistry, and oncology. It exhibits biocompatibility, bioresorbability, non-toxicity, hemostatic properties, plasticity, adhesive qualities, and has antibacterial properties. By altering the chemical formula of chitosan, its molecular weight and charge, and combining it with various substances, new application areas and more economical extraction methods can be found. Detoxifying, sorptive, and hypolipidemic properties are sought after in nutrition and gastroenterology. The effects of chitosan on various phases of regeneration, as well as its anticoagulant properties, are utilized in surgery. Chitosan’s osteoinductive efects are applied in dentistry and traumatology, while its hemostatic, antibacterial, antitumor, and radioprotective properties are key research directions in emergency surgery and oncology, respectively. Conclusion. The widespread application of chitosan in all areas of human activity, especially in medicine, makes it a sought-after and promising substance. To expand the production of various chitosan-based substances, it is essential to find new, cheaper methods for extracting chitosan from chitin, streamline the routes from raw materials to final products, and develop independent Russian equivalents of chitosan drug forms.
New surgical methods of treating advanced heart failure
Authors: Khalilulin T. A. , Zakharevich V. M. , Koloskova N. N. , Matveeva M. A. , Poptsov V. N. , Pozdnyakov O. A. , Buchnev A. S. , Shevchenko A. O. , Gauthier S. V.
Published: January 2025

For many decades, heart transplantation has been the “gold standard” for terminal chronic heart failure resistant to medical therapy treatment. However, there is a significant number of patients with contraindications to orthotopic heart transplantation. The only effective treatment method for these patients may be the implantation of long-term mechanical circulatory support systems. This article provides information for practicing physicians on the evolution of long-term mechanical circulatory support systems, the main criteria for selecting patients for implantation, and the specifics of their subsequent outpatient monitoring.
The significance of the phenomenon of arterial bacteremia exceeding venous bacteremia in the etiological diagnosis of intracardiac infection
Authors: Shevchenko Yu. L.
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the potential for enhancing the effectiveness of cultural bacteriological testing in patients with infectious endocarditis through the cultivation of arterial and venous blood. Experimental data are presented, based on which the concept of the phenomenon of arterial bacteremia surpassing venous bacteremia is formulated, alongside the results of its clinical application.
Features of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with occupational COPD and cardiovascular comorbidity
Authors: Fedotov V. D.
Published: January 2025

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, with over 30% of these patients dying from cardiovascular diseases. Objective: to study the pathophysiological links between echocardiography, spirometry indicators, and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with various clinical phenotypes of occupational COPD with cardiovascular comorbidity. Material and methods. The study included 111 patients with occupational COPD and cardiovascular comorbidity. Based on spirometry results, patients were divided into 4 groups (clinical phenotypes). Clinical examinations, echocardiography, and serum concentrations of troponin I, endothelin-1 (E-1), endothelial synthase (ES), hyaluronic acid (HA), and myoglobin were performed. Results. The concentrations of troponin I, myoglobin, and E-1 were normal in all groups. HA concentration was highest among phenotype “E” patients (p = 0.0008). ES concentration in phenotype “E” was more than 2.5 times higher compared to other groups (p = 0.0022). Myoglobin concentration positively correlated with left ventricular myocardium thickness, ES, eosinophil levels, and coronary heart disease (p < 0.05), while ES concentration correlated positively with hypertension. HA concentration negatively correlated with spirometry and echocardiography indicators and positively correlated with eosinophil levels and exacerbations (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Further research is needed to identify biomarkers reflecting the risk of exacerbations in cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with occupational COPD
The effect of standard lipid-lowering therapy and the type of stent on the course of the atherosclerotic process in the coronary arteries in patients with hereditary hypercholesterolemia and acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Sukovatykh B. S. , Vishnevsky V. I. , Bolomatov N. V. , Sereditsky A. V. , Alyanov A. L. , Karasev A. Yu. , Sidorov D. V.
Published: January 2025

Objective. Тo study the impact of standard hypolipidemic therapy and stent type on the progression of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and acute coronary syndrome. Material and methods. Analyzed treatment results of 100 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and acute coronary syndrome, divided into two equal groups. Group 1 received bare-metal stents, while Group 2 received drug-eluting stents. All patients were prescribed standard hypolipidemic therapy to reduce restenosis risk and normalize lipid profiles. Immediate postoperative outcomes included coronary flow restoration and adverse event rates, with long-term assessments focused on lipid profile dynamics and restenosis rates. Results. Coronary flow was restored in 98%, with adverse events occurring in 8% equally across both groups. Hypolipidemic therapy normalized lipid profiles in one-third of patients after 1 month, half after 3 months, and two-thirds after 6 months. Restenosis rates at 6 months were 45.2% in Group 1 and 21.2% in Group 2, escalating to 84.6% and 48% at 12 months. Repeat stent implantation occurred in 14% of Group 1 and 8% of Group 2. Conclusion. Standard hypolipidemic therapy is insufficient for rapid lipid normalization, while drug-eluting stents significantly reduce restenosis risk.
Acute disseminated multiple encephalomyelitis
Authors: Malkova A. A. , Gabdrakhimova I. D. , Garayeva A. E. , Nazmutdinov D. V.
Published: January 2025

The article presents a clinical observation of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a 45-year-old female patient. The onset of the disease began with speech disturbances, changes in voice, weakness in the right leg, and periodic twitching in the right arm. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed lesions in the white matter of the brain. A complication of the disease was occlusive thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein, the lower jugular vein, and the subclavian vein. This case highlights the importance of physicians’ awareness—specifically general practitioners and neurologists—about rare diseases such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, its early manifestations, potential long-term complications, and modern treatment approaches
Effectiveness of complex treatment of tube-peritoneal infertility with the use of immunomodulatory therapy
Authors: Ivanova T. A. , Kogan M. Ya. , Nechaeva Yu. S. , Petushkov I. L.
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment for tubo-peritoneal infertility using immunomodulators and to compare the results obtained with literature data presenting classical therapy schemes for this type of infertility. Material and Methods: A retrospective study using a targeted sampling method. A total of 97 protocols for laparoscopic surgeries on patients with a clinical diagnosis of “Female infertility of tube-peritoneal origin. Chronic salpingitis and oophoritis” were examined. Results: Pregnancy occurred in 77.3% of patients, with 69.4% conceiving within the first year after surgery, and among these, 44.2% within the first 6 months (p < 0.05). Conclusions: As a result of comprehensive treatment using active immunomodulatory therapy, pregnancy occurred in 77.3% of cases, which is a statistically significant indicator for this sample (p < 0.05) and reflects the high effectiveness of the therapy conducted. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to state a significant impact of active immunotherapy on the outcomes of treatment for female infertility associated with the tubal factor. This is most clearly visible when compared with literature data, where in classical treatment schemes, the pregnancy rate within one year varied from 38 to 44% (whereas in the first year after therapy, pregnancy occurred in only 13–15% of cases).
Successful thrombolysis in an elderly patient with a large-scale hemispheric brain infarction
Authors: Lomakin N. V. , Vasichkin S. V. , Shirokov E. A. , Kurbanova B. Sh.
Published: January 2025

Currently, one of the primary methods of reperfusion in ischemic stroke is systemic thrombolytic therapy (TLT) using recombinant tissue plasminogen activators (rtPA). Despite TLT’s effectiveness demonstrated in several large multicenter randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials, the use of rtPA at standard dosages carries a high risk of hemorrhagic complications, especially in patients with certain aggravating factors. This article presents a clinical case of early thrombolysis in a patient with ischemic stroke, utilizing an individualized dosage of rtPA despite the presence of relative contraindications for reperfusion therapy.
Doctors and nurses in the Civil War
Authors: Abashin V. G. , Dulin P. A. , Kraynyukov P. E. , Simonenko V. B.
Published: January 2025

The article presents biographical and statistical data about doctors and nurses of the White Army during key battles of the Civil War. It includes information on the Northwestern Army, Northern Army, participants of the 1st Kuban (“Ice”) Campaign, the “Siberian Ice Campaign,” and the evacuation from Crimea and Primorsky Krai.
Professor Christian Albert Theodor Billroth (1829–1894): the life and work of the great master of surgery. To the 195th anniversary of his birth
Authors: Morgoshiya T. Sh.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the life and work of the outstanding world-renowned surgeon, Professor Theodor Billroth. It includes lesser-known yet significant facts about the life of this innovative scientist. His contributions to abdominal surgery and practical medicine as a whole cannot be overstated. One of Billroth’s contributions was the development of annual reports in the surgical clinics he led, which he and his colleagues compiled over 17 years and published in 1879. He performed the first laryngectomy for malignancy, the first prostatectomy, and the extirpation of the pancreas, among other pioneering operations. Billroth also developed surgical procedures for the tongue, a closed method for treating echinococcosis, and the first esophagectomy, leading to advancements in gastrointestinal surgery. Initially, gastric resection was developed by him and his assistants in animals before being applied to a living human in 1881. On January 29, 1881, he performed the world’s first successful “pyloric resection” on a patient with stenosis due to stomach cancer. Billroth is recognized as a respected leader in global abdominal surgery and as the founder and head of a prestigious German scientific school, which produced notable surgeons who established their own schools, trained worthy students, and made significant contributions to European practical medicine.
The Expansion of Investor Access to Cultivation Rights: A Socio-Legal Analysis on Agrarian Injustice in Indonesia
Authors: Mahfud Muh.Afif , Djohan Naufal Hasanuddin
Published: January 2025

Granting cultivation rights for investment interests and ignoring equitable distribution of land ownership can create injustice and agrarian conflict. This is socio-legal research to analyze agrarian conflict through an interdisciplinary lens. All the data obtained is analyzed qualitatively. Based on the study, disharmony is found between the Basic Agrarian Law, which regulates that cultivation rights can only be granted on state land, and the Job Creation Law, which stipulates that cultivation rights can be given over management rights. This overlapping regulation marks a difference in legal policy between the Job Creation Law, which wants to provide convenience to entrepreneurs, and the Basic Agrarian Law, which considers the strategic position of cultivation right so that it is merely granted on state land. This overlapping of legal policy creates legal uncertainty and brings economic implications, creating a higher land ownership inequality between entrepreneurs and the community. Higher landownership inequality brings social implications, namely, higher conflicts in the agrarian sector. This is not according to the principle of protection for weak parties in Indonesian Agrarian Law.