bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational snow avalanche simulation in forested terrain
Authors: Teich M. , Fischer J.-T. , Feistl T. , Bebi P. , Christen M. , Grêt-Regamey A.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Two-dimensional avalanche simulation software operating in three-dimensional terrain is widely used for hazard zoning and engineering to predict runout distances and impact pressures of snow avalanche events. Mountain forests are an effective biological protection measure against avalanches; however, the protective capacity of forests to decelerate or even to stop avalanches that start within forested areas or directly above the treeline is seldom considered in this context. In particular, runout distances of small- to medium-scale avalanches are strongly influenced by the structural conditions of forests in the avalanche path. We present an evaluation and operationalization of a novel detrainment function implemented in the avalanche simulation software RAMMS for avalanche simulation in forested terrain. The new approach accounts for the effect of forests in the avalanche path by detraining mass, which leads to a deceleration and runout shortening of avalanches. The relationship is parameterized by the detrainment coefficient K [kg m−1 s−2] accounting for differing forest characteristics. We varied K when simulating 40 well-documented small- to medium-scale avalanches, which were released in and ran through forests of the Swiss Alps. Analyzing and comparing observed and simulated runout distances statistically revealed values for K suitable to simulate the combined influence of four forest characteristics on avalanche runout: forest type, crown closure, vertical structure and surface cover, for example, values for K were higher for dense spruce and mixed spruce-beech forests compared to open larch forests at the upper treeline. Considering forest structural conditions within avalanche simulations will improve current applications for avalanche simulation tools in mountain forest and natural hazard management.
Velocity structure and the role of fluids in the West Bohemia Seismic Zone
Authors: Alexandrakis C. , Calò M. , Bouchaala F. , Vavryčuk V.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. In this study, we apply the double-difference tomography to investigate the detailed 3-D structure within and around the Nový Kostel Seismic Zone, an area in the Czech Republic known for frequent occurrences of earthquake swarms. We use data from the 2008 swarm since it has already been analysed in terms of earthquake focal mechanisms, principal faults, tectonic stress and foci migration. We selected about 500 microearthquakes recorded at 22 local seismic stations of the West Bohemia seismic monitoring network (WEBNET). Applying double-difference tomography, combined with weighted average model (WAM) post-processing to correct for parameter dependence effects, we produce and interpret 3-D models of the Vp-to-Vs ratio (Vp/Vs) in and around the focal zone. The modelled Vp/Vs ratio shows several distinct structures, namely an area of high Vp/Vs ratio correlating with the foci of the microearthquakes, and a layer of low values directly above it. These structures may reflect changes in lithology and/or fluid concentration. The overlaying low Vp/Vs ratio layer coincides with the base of the Fichtelgebirge (Smrčiny) granitic intrusion. It is possible that the base of the layer acts as a fluid trap and an upper limit to the seismicity, resulting in observed periodic swarms.
Evidence of magma activation beneath the Harrat Lunayyir basaltic field (Saudi Arabia) from attenuation tomography
Authors: Koulakov I. , El Khrepy S. , Al-Arifi N. , Sychev I. , Kuznetsov P.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. We present a seismic attenuation model for the crust beneath the Cenozoic basaltic field of Harrat Lunayyir (western Saudi Arabia), where a strong seismic swarm occurred in 2009. The tomography inversion uses the envelope shape of the S wave seismograms from over 300 strong events (M < 3.5). The resulting attenuation structures appear to be consistent with the distribution of seismic velocities. The obtained 3-D attenuation model distinguishes the low-attenuation zones down to 5 km depth corresponding to the rigid basaltic cover. At greater depths, we detect a high-attenuation anomaly coinciding with the main seismicity cluster. We propose that this zone corresponds to the upper part of the conduit area ascending from deeper magma sources. According to the distributions of local events, fluids and melts from this conduit appear to reach a depth of ∼2 km, but were not able to reach the surface and cause the eruption in 2009.
Tunable diode laser measurements of hydrothermal/volcanic CO2, and implications for the global CO2 budget
Authors: Pedone M. , Aiuppa A. , Giudice G. , Grassa F. , Francofonte V. , Bergsson B. , Ilyinskaya E.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Quantifying the CO2 flux sustained by low-temperature fumarolic fields in volcanic-hydrothermal environment has remained a challenge, to date. Here, we explored the potentiality of a commercial infrared tunable laser unit for quantifying such fumarolic volcanic/hydrothermal CO2 fluxes. Our field tests were conducted (between April 2013 and March 2014) at Nea Kameni (Santorini, Greece), Hekla and Krýsuvík (Iceland) and Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). At these sites, the tunable laser was used to measure the path-integrated CO2 mixing ratios along cross-sections of the fumaroles' atmospheric plumes. By using a tomographic post-processing routine, we then obtained, for each manifestation, the contour maps of CO2 mixing ratios in the plumes and, from their integration, the CO2 fluxes. The so-calculated CO2 fluxes range from low (5.7 ± 0.9 t day−1; Krýsuvík) to moderate (524 ± 108 t day−1; "La Fossa" crater, Vulcano). Overall, we suggest that the cumulative CO2 contribution from weakly degassing volcanoes in hydrothermal stage of activity may be significant at global scale.
Programa de Doha para el Desarrollo
Authors: Espinoza Flores Alejandro José , Mora Rafael Antonio
Published: August 2014

El presente ensayo tiene como propósito destacar la importancia del Programa Doha para el Desarrollo de las economías del mundo, especialmente para Nicaragua. La metodología utilizada ha sido de orden expositivo-descriptivo, detallando en cada una de las etapas de desarrollo de la Ronda Doha. El Programa Doha para el Desarrollo como se denominó a la negociación del 2001 de la OMC, donde más de 150 países miembros firmaron la declaración ministerial en la que se comprometían a negociar una serie de temas relativos a ir eliminando obstáculos al comercio mundial tales como las prácticas proteccionistas de incentivos y subsidios que los países desarrollados brindan a los productores de sus naciones. En los últimos años Nicaragua ha sido uno de los países que se ha beneficiado con este tipo de negociaciones, la firma de tratados de libre comercio regionales y de manera bilateral le ha permitido aumentar el nivel de volumen de sus exportaciones e ir buscando nuevos nichos de mercado a nivel internacional. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/reice.v2i3.1454 REICE Vol. 2, No. 3, enero-junio 2014; 162-187
GESTÃO TERRITORIAL DO SISTEMA DE PARQUES PÚBLICOS EM SALVADOR, BAHIA: CONTRADIÇÕES E PARADOXOS
Authors: Serpa Angelo
Published: August 2014

Busca-se, neste artigo, elucidar as estratégias e os instrumentos de gestão municipal do sistema de parques públicos em Salvador-Bahia, a partir da análise do Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano e Ambiental, apontando para possíveis contradições e paradoxos entre as políticas recentes de requalificação urbana e as diretrizes e determinações contidas no PDDUA. São analisados a distribuição espacial da cobertura vegetal e seu “valor ecológico” no território municipal e a classificação das unidades de conservação no município, bem como as políticas de requalificação urbana empreendidas pelas gestões municipais ao longo das duas últimas décadas. A análise dos exemplos ao longo do artigo mostra que, embora os parques públicos sejam abordados tanto sob a ótica ambiental como sob a ótica do lazer no Plano Diretor, prevalece a última lógica como diretriz das políticas de requalificação urbana desses equipamentos nos limites do município. Ao final do artigo, enfatiza-se a centralidade da questão da acessibilidade – física e simbólica – e da distribuição espacial dos espaços públicos de natureza para uma discussão acadêmica profunda, que possa fundamentar em outras bases a gestão dos parques públicos no território municipal, a partir de uma análise crítica das idéias de desenvolvimento sustentável e sustentabilidade.
O DEBATE SOBRE A REESTRUTURAÇÃO PRODUTIVA NO BRASIL
Authors: SERAFIM GOMES Maria Terezinha
Published: August 2014

No Brasil, o processo de reestruturação produtiva vislumbra no final dos anos 1970, com a crise do modelo de desenvolvimento baseado na “substituição das importações” e se intensifica nos anos 1990, com a política neoliberal e a abertura econômica, acarretando transformações no processo produtivo, na gestão e organização do trabalho, bem como no espaço, produzindo “novosespaços industriais”.Neste texto, procuramos discutir a noção de reestruturação e fazer um panorama do debate da reestruturação produtiva no Brasil.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS PARQUES URBANOS E ÁREAS VERDES NA PROMOÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM CIDADES
Authors: Szeremeta Bani , Zannin Paulo Henrique Trombetta
Published: August 2014

Os parques urbanos são áreas verdes que podem trazer qualidade de vida para a população. Pois proporcionam contato com a natureza e suas estruturas e qualidade ambiental, quando adequadas e atrativas, são determinantes para a realização de atividade física e o lazer. Estas atividades trazem diferentes benefícios psicológicos, sociais e físicos a saúde dos indivíduos, como, por exemplo, a redução do sedentarismo e amenizar o estresse do cotidiano urbano. Assim, o planejamento correto e a conservação de parques públicos se revelam como significativa estratégia para uma política efetiva do projeto urbano e da saúde pública. O objetivo deste artigo, por meio de uma revisão não sistemática, foi identificar os fatores sociais e ambientais dos parques que os tornam mais atrativos para a atividade física. Constatou-se que a beleza da paisagem e a proximidade de um parque, ao local de moradia dos usuários, são os principais fatores que incentivam uma utilização frequente para a atividade física e o lazer.
Diagnóstico e análise ambiental de microbacia hidrográfica: proposição metodológica na perspectiva do zoneamento, planejamento e gestão ambiental
Authors: MENDONÇA Francisco
Published: August 2014

Existe, na atualidade, muitas proposições metodológicas para o estudo do ambiente, uma grande parte na perspectiva interinstitucional e interdisciplinar. A proposta metodológica para a elaboração de análise e diagnóstico ambiental aqui apresentada insere-se dentro do campo conhecimento geográfico, portanto de análise da integração entre as atividades humanas e o meio físico-natural, e tem como unidade espacial a microbacia hidrográfica. A proposta está fundamentada na cartografação dos elementos fisico-naturais e socioeconômicos da paisagem, bem como na análise da qualidade da água da microbacia; o diagnóstico ambiental culmina com o zoneamento e o levantamento de diretrizes para a recuperação da degradação ambiental estudada, aspectos fundamentais para toda e qualquer ação de planejamento e gestão de bacias hidrográficas.
TERMOGRAFIA DE SUPERFÍCIE E TEMPERATURA DO AR NA RMC (REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE CURITIBA/PR)
Authors: MENDONÇA Francisco , DUBREUIL Vincent
Published: August 2014

Este estudo coloca em evidência a análise da relação entre a termografia de superfície e a temperatura do ar no inverno de 2002 na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba  PR. Para sua elaboração foram utilizados dados provenientes de imagem de satélite (Landsat TM Canal 6) e dados meteorológicos, bem como empregada a análise rítmica para a interpretação dos tipos de tempo na abordagem espaço-temporal. A imagem evidenciou a formação de uma ilha de calor na superfície e os dados meteorológicos uma ilha de frescor a 1,5 m, simultâneas, sobre a mancha urbana. Os resultados revelaram as diferenças teoricamente conhecidas entre os processos de aquecimento das superfícies naturais e das artificializadas (balanço de radiação). Surface thermography and air temperature on the RMC (Curitibas Metropolitan Region) Abstract This study shows the analysis of the relation between the surface thermography and the air temperature in Winter 2002 at Curitibas Metropolitan Region (Brazil). It was used data from the satellite image (Landsat TM Channel 6) and the meteorological data. Also it was applied the rhythmic analysis of the weather. The image shows the formation of a heated island on the urban surface and the meteorological data show the configuration of a cold island at 1,5 m, simultaneously, above urban agglomeration. The results show the theoretically known differences between the warming process of the natural and antropogenical surfaces (radiation balance).
Assessing the Financial Health Status of Small Scale Poultry Businesses in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Idoge D. E. , Chukwuji C. O.
Published: August 2014

The study investigated the financial health status of small scale poultry businesses in Delta State, Nigeria using Altman’s Z-score model. The empirical study was undertaken to assess the solvency and hence future survivability of small scale poultry enterprises in the State. Financial data were extracted from three years (2010 – 2012) financial statements of 125 small scale poultry farms purposively selected from farms operating in the State and incorporated with the Nigerian Corporate Affairs Commission as limited liability agribusinesses. Descriptive statistics which include computed financial ratios, frequency distributions, percentages and tables were applied to analyze the content of the financial statements and Altman’s Z-scores’ were computed for each sampled farm for the three year period. The study shows that in 2010, 47.8 percent of farm enterprises had Z-scores between minus 0.60 to 1.55. In 2011 and 2012, 44.8 percent and 42.4 percent, respectively of the farms had Z-scores between negative 0.60 and 1.55. The study further indicates that 28 percent, 27 percent and 30.4 percent in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, of the sampled farms had computed Z-scores between 2.64 and 4.79 farms. The study recommends the use of Altman’s Z-score by small scale investors as a technique for monitoring the financial health of their agribusinesses to prevent the ugly consequences of bankruptcy and liquidation.
Robust Control for Fuzzy Nonlinear Uncertain Systems with Discrete and Distributed Time Delays
Authors: Sakthivel Rathinasamy , Vadivel Ponnusamy , Mathiyalagan Kalidass , Park Ju H.
Published: August 2014

This paper addresses the problem of stability and stabilization issue for a class of fuzzy nonlinear uncertain systems with discrete and distributed time delays. By utilizing a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional together with free weighting matrix approach, a new set of delay-dependent sufficient conditions are derived which makes the closed loop system robustly asymptotically stable. In particular, the parameter uncertainties are assumed to be norm bounded. Further, a state feedback controller is proposed to guarantee the robust stabilization for uncertain systems and subsequently the controller is constructed in terms of the solution to a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMI). The derived conditions are expressed in the form of linear matrix inequalities which can be efficiently solved via standard LMI toolbox. Further, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and less conservatism of the obtained results.
Spin-Hamiltonian Parameters of Gd3+ Ion in the Room Temperature Tetragonal Phase of BaTiO3
Authors: Yang Wei-Qing , Zheng Wen-Chen
Published: August 2014

The spin-Hamiltonian parameters (g factors g||, g⊥, and zero-field splittings b0
2 , b0
4 , b4
4 , b0
6 , b4
6 ) of the 4f7 Gd3+ ion in the tetragonal phase of a BaTiO3 crystal are calculated through the diagonalization (of energy matrix) method based on the one-electron crystal field mechanism. In the calculations, the crystal field parameters are estimated from the superposition model with the structural data of the studied crystal. It is found that by using three adjustable intrinsic parameters Āk(R0) (k=2, 4, 6) in the superposition model, the seven calculated spin-Hamiltonian parameters are in good agreement with the experimental values, suggesting that the diagonalization method based on one-electron crystal field mechanism is effective in the studies of spin-Hamiltonian parameters for 4f7 ions in crystals.
Chitinophilic zoosporic fungi in various types of water bodies
Authors: Czeczuga Bazyli , Godlewska Anna
Published: August 2014

Chitinophilic fungi in various types of water bodies (slough, pond, beach pool, two lakes and two rivers) were studied. Samples of water were collected every other month for hydrochemical analysis and once a month ( 1992 - 1994) in order to determine the fungus content. The wings of dragonfly and flies, carapaces of crayfish and potato beetle and the fructification of two mushrooms were used as bait. Thirty species of chitinophilic fungi were found in various types of water bodiss. Cytriomyces annulatus, Entophlyctis crenata, Obelidium megarrhizum, Rhopalophlyctis sareoptoides, Achlya colorata, A. megasperma and Dictyuchus monosporus represent new records as chitinophilic fungi. However, Entophlyctis crenata, Obelidium megarrhizum and Podochytrium chitinophilum reported for the first time from Poland.
Yariability of dry seed mycobiota of Pisum sativum
Authors: Marcinkowska Joanna
Published: August 2014

Mycobiota of dry pea seeds of cv. Ramir and line R 429/87 harvested at Radzików, Oleśnica Mała and Łagiewniki in 1991—93 was investigated. Among twenty species Alternaria aliernata and Stemphylium botryosum occurred commonly each year. Mycosphaerella pinodes, Ascochyta pisi, Fusarium poae and Cladosporium herbarum were noted on most of the tested seed samples. Percentage of sccee transmitting the fungi varied depending on locations, time and genotypes, being the lowest for Łagiewniki and in 1992. The year 1991 was the most favourable for seed mycobiota development, especially for pathogenic fungi.
Entomopathogenic fungi isolated in the vicinity of Szczecin
Authors: Miętkiewicz Ryszard , Dzięgielewska Magdalena , Janowicz Krystyna
Published: August 2014

The spectrum and occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in litter beech forest. meadow soil and arable soil were evaluated using an "insect bait method". Soil and litter samples taken in autumn and spring from each stand were baited with G. mellonella larvae at 22°C. Six species of entomopathogenic fungi infected these larvae. In the litter Beauveria bassiana was the dominant species. Besides B. bassiana, 23% of G. mellonella larvae were infected by Paecilomyces farinosus in autumn. In the forest soil the dominant entomopathogenic fungus was not found. In this stand the number of infected larvae was the lowest. Metarhizium anisopliae was the dominant species in the meadow soil in both sampling periods. In the soil taken from a rye field P. fumosoroseus and B. bassiana infected G. mellonella larvae almost to the same degree. It was established that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae infected more G. mellonella larvae in spring than in autumn. In the case of P. farinosus and P. fumosoroseus an opposite tendency was observed.
Fungi colonizing toxic acid soils in the dumping ground of the "Bełchatów" brown coal mine
Authors: Kowalik Maria
Published: August 2014

The results of two years' studies on post-mining toxic acid soils of thc "Bełchatów" dumping grounds neutralized with chalk, ash, limestone, burnt lime, and ground phosphate rock are presented. The neutralization with ground phosphate rock and ash had the most favourable effect on the development of soil fungi.
Effect of glyphosate on the growth and sporulation of several fungi species grown in vitro
Authors: Wachowska Urszula
Published: August 2014

Roundup herbicide tested in vitro showed fungistatic activity against Trichoderma hamatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Gliocladium roseum. The highest concentration of this herbicide in the medium reduced the growth of Microdochlum nivale colony, stimulating its plentiful sporulation at the same time. Under the same conditions, sporulation of Gliocladium roseum was inhibited and its conidiophors were deformed.
Glomus rubiforme, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus new to the mycota of Poland
Authors: Błaszkowski Janusz , Madej Tadeusz , Tadych Mariusz
Published: August 2014

Glomus rubiforme is described and illustrated. as well as its occurrence in Poland and in the world is presented. Glomus rubiforme forms pale yellow to light brown spores arranged in blackberry-like sporocarps. The spores develop from a centrally positioned, inflated, thick-walled cell. The spore wall consists of two layers: a sloughing, hyaline outer layer adherent to a coloured, laminated layer. Glomus rubiforme is a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to the mycota of Poland.
Production of extracellular proteolytic enzymes by Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Chrzanowska Józefa , Kołaczkowska Maria
Published: August 2014

The production of proteolytic enzymes by two strains of Beauveria bassiana 278, B. bassiana 446 and one strain of Ascosphera apis 496 was analysed. It was demonstrated that the strain of B. bassiana 278 proved to be the best producer of basic and acid proteases. The influence of different environmental factors such as nitrogen and carbon sources on the production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes was assessed. In addition the acid protease from B. bassiana was partially characterized.
Faculty Usage of Library Tools in a Learning Management System
Authors: Leeder Chris , Lonn Steven
Published: August 2014

To better understand faculty attitudes and practices regarding usage of library-specific tools and roles in a university learning management system, log data for a period of three semesters was analyzed. Academic departments with highest rates of usage were identified, and faculty users and nonusers within those departments were surveyed regarding their perceptions of and experience with the library tools. Librarians who use the tools were also surveyed to compare their perceptions of faculty tool and role use. While faculty survey respondents showed high levels of positive perceptions of librarians, they also exhibited low awareness of the library tools and little understanding of their use. Recommendations for encouraging wider adoption and effective usage are discussed.
Student Reading Practices in Print and Electronic Media
Authors: Foasberg Nancy M.
Published: August 2014

This paper reports a diary-based qualitative study on college students’ reading habits with regard to print and electronic media. Students used a form to record information about their reading practices for twelve days, including length of reading event, location, format used, and the purpose of reading. Students tended to use print for academic and long-form reading and to engage with it more deeply. Although electronic resources were sometimes used for academic purposes, students often used them for shorter and nonacademic reading. Students found electronic media convenient, but most of them did not wish to switch to electronic media for their academic reading.
Special Issue on Digital Domains
Authors: Herrmann Jason T.
Published: August 2014

More and more archaeologists who once relied on shovels and surveys now regularly collect data with digital sensors and use computer-based management systems to carry out complex analyses. Geographic information systems (GIS) and geographic information science (GISc), satellite remote sensing, aerial and close-range photography, terrestrial and aerial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), near-surface geophysics, and a wide array of visualization schemes designed to integrate and display data from multiple platforms are now integral to every stage of archaeological investigation, interpretation, and reporting. Even though these methods are an increasing part of archaeological research worldwide, there have been few conferences, meetings, or workshops dedicated to sharing methods and applications in digital archaeology in North America or even in the Western Hemisphere, with the exception of a few special sessions in regional or general archaeological conferences. This deficit is particularly striking in comparison with the situation in Europe, where several societies dedicated to archaeological geomatics regularly hold both continental and regional meetings.
The Religious and Social Significance of Self-Assigned Religious Affiliation in England and Wales: Comparing Christian, Muslim and Religiously-Unaffiliated Adolescent Males
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Robbins Mandy
Published: August 2014

This study examines the religious and social significance of self-assigned religious affiliation among young people in England and Wales by investigating religious beliefs and the connection between religion and matters of public concern among a sample of 547 adolescent males between 16 and 18 years of age, distinguishing between three religious groups: Christian, Muslim, and non-affiliated. First, the analysis identified eight themes concerning religious beliefs: the Bible, the Qur'an, Jesus, Muhammad, Jesus and justice, Muhammed and justice, experiencing God, and the theology of religions. Second, the analysis identified six themes concerning the connection between religion and matters of public concern: religion and personal life, religion and public life, religion and the state, social rights, the rights of women and children, and sex and morality. The data highlighted some areas of commonality and some areas of strong divergence between the three groups, demonstrating how the religious and social significance of self-assigned religious affiliation hold salience in some areas rather than others.
Developing Reading and Summary Writing Abilities of EFL Undergraduate Students through Transactional Strategies
Authors: Wichadee Saovapa
Published: August 2014

The study investigated how transactional strategies could improve undergraduate students' reading and writing abilities. A quasi-experimental study was performed with two groups of students. Students in the control group were taught by the traditional method, while students in the experimental group were taught by transactional strategies. The research instruments included reading tests, summary writing tests, and an opinion questionnaire. Results from the statistical tests revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the posttest scores at the level of 0.05 between the two groups. The students studying with transactional strategies gained much higher scores than the ones studying with the traditional way. This study's findings contribute to a better understanding of the new approach and support the belief that transactional strategies should be taught in class in order to develop the reading performance of the students.
High School Students and Online Commemoration of the Group's Cultural Trauma
Authors: Lazar Alon , Hirsch Tal Litvak
Published: August 2014

This paper addresses the interaction of three equivalent issues: education, cultural trauma and the Internet. Theory suggests that the educational system plays an important role in the transmission and maintenance of the memory of a group's defining cultural trauma. However little is empirically known of the ways education influences the attitudes of younger members of a collective who struggle with the memory of the trauma. This study investigated the willingness of Jewish-Israeli high school students who relate to this trauma only through the educational system to engage in online commemoration of the trauma. Findings indicate a complex picture of how high school educational socialization is related to online commemoration of the group's cultural trauma, and suggest several future lines of research.
Supporting Pupils with DCD and ASD with the Transition to Secondary School
Authors: Foulder-Hughes Lynda , Prior Clare
Published: August 2014

Children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are at an increased risk for a range of motor, sensory and social challenges which affect their ability to function at school. The current small scale, qualitative study sought to investigate how children with ASD and/or DCD felt about the transition to secondary school from primary. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were used and the data was analysed thematically. A total of six children (five boys and one girl) in year six (aged 10–11 years) participated. Two main themes emerged which centred around worries and support strategies. Although they were able to offer suggestions around how they could be supported, worries exceeded their suggested support strategies. A major concern for these children was physical exercise (PE) at secondary school. The current study has provided a base from which further research can be positioned into how best to support children with ASDs and DCD with the transition from primary to secondary school.
Mammonymy, Maternal-Line Names, and Cultural Identification
Authors: Langin-Hooper Stephanie M. , Pearce Laurie E.
Published: August 2014

The onomasticon of Hellenistic Uruk demonstrates that, in some cases, individuals with Greek names were included in otherwise Babylonian families. Often, such Greek names have been interpreted by scholars as evidence for Hellenization. This article suggests an alternate explanation, based on evidence throughout the family trees for a series of naming practices that focus on the perpetuation of names of female relatives and transmission of preferred family names through maternal lines. Particularly important to this discussion are the practices of mammonymy, a term coined here to refer to papponymy’s gendered parallel, i.e., the naming of a girl after her grandmother or other female ancestor, and the practice, previously unexamined in the Assyriological literature, of “maternal-line papponymy,” the tradition of naming a son for his maternal grandfather or other male ancestor from a maternal line. Maternal-line papponymy can be observed in family trees in which the members bear only Babylonian names, as well as in family trees that include individuals with Babylonian names and individuals with Greek names. The Greek names used for boys are often those of fathers or grandfathers of women with Greek names who married into these Babylonian families. This article argues that the incorporation of Greek names into the elite Babylonian families of Hellenistic Uruk cannot be assumed to be straightforward evidence of impulses toward “Hellenization.” Rather, this evidence indicates that Greek names were given to sons in such families within the context of traditional Babylonian maternal-line naming practices. This finding has important implications for scholarship’s understanding of acculturation and the display of cultural identity in Hellenistic Babylonia.
Dependence of Manu’s Seventh Chapter on Kauṭilya’s Arthaśāstra
Authors: McClish Mark
Published: August 2014

Indeterminacy in dating and elusive modes of intertextuality often confound attempts to establish reliable relative chronologies for classical South Asian texts. Occasionally, however, the relationship between two texts clearly reveals the dependence of one upon the other. Such is the case for the Arthaśāstra of Kauṭilya and the Mānava Dharmaśāstra, arguably the two most important classical treaties on law and statecraft. Close reading of the two reveals a direct relationship wherein the seventh adhyāya (“chapter”) of the Mānava Dharmaśāstra took its general structure and most of its material from the Arthaśāstra.The clarification of this general relationship makes possible an appreciation of the manner in which Manu appropriated material from Kauṭilya’s treatise and allows us to draw new conclusions and raise new questions about the intellectual and cultural history of the period.
Challenging the Reigning Emperor for Success
Authors: Zhang Dewei
Published: August 2014

The late Ming monk Hanshan Deqing forced his way into a Buddhist service held around Wanli 10 (1582) to pray for the birth of the imperial heir. His action has long been seen as a heroic act that challenged the Wanli Emperor for the benefit of the state, yet an act that would lead to his exile later. However, this paper demonstrates that it was Deqing’s desperate but deliberate attempt to seek support from the inner court. This strategy helped Deqing to rise to a leading Buddhist master in late Ming China, but it asked him to pay a high price by getting him involved in court strife. This paper reveals the fragility of the late Ming Buddhist revival under the pressure of contemporary politics.
Early Iconography of Avalokiteśvara. L’Iconographie ancienne d’Avalokiteśvara. By Gérard Fussman and Anna Maria Quagliotti
Authors: Boucher Daniel
Published: August 2014

The Early Iconography of Avalokiteśvara. L’Iconographie ancienne d’Avalokiteśvara. By Gérard Fussman and Anna Maria Quagliotti. Publications de l’Institut de Civilisation Indienne, Collège de France, fasc. 80. Paris: Diffusion de Boccard, 2012. Pp. 152, 21 plates.
Melacak Sejarah Kuno Indonesia (Tracing Ancient Indonesian History through Inscriptions). By M. Boechari. Edited with an introduction by Kresno Yulianto and obituary by Hasan Djafar
Authors: Christie Jan Wisseman
Published: August 2014

Melacak Sejarah Kuno Indonesia (Tracing Ancient Indonesian History through Inscriptions). By M. Boechari. Edited with an introduction by Kresno Yulianto and obituary by Hasan Djafar. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, 2012. Pp. xxxi + 644.
Aspekte des Menschseins im Alten Mesopotamien: Eine Studie zu Person und Identität im 2. und 1. Jt. v. Chr. By Ulrike Steinert
Authors: Foster Benjamin R.
Published: August 2014

Aspekte des Menschseins im Alten Mesopotamien: Eine Studie zu Person und Identität im 2. und 1. Jt. v. Chr. By Ulrike Steinert. Cuneiform Monographs, vol. 44. Leiden: Brill, 2012. Pp. xxi + 619. $252.
Furniture from Tumulus MM: The Gordion Wooden Objects, vol. 1. 2 vols. By Elizabeth Simpson
Authors: Draycott Catherine M.
Published: August 2014

The Furniture from Tumulus MM: The Gordion Wooden Objects, vol. 1. 2 vols. By Elizabeth Simpson. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, vol. 32. Leiden: Brill, 2011. Pp. xl + 285, xxv + 158 plates, CD-ROM. $373.
Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route. By Steven E. Sidebotham
Authors: Fattovich Rodolfo
Published: August 2014

Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route. By Steven E. Sidebotham. The California World History Library, vol. 18. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2011. Pp. xvii + 434, illus. $49.95.
Bronzes of Ptolemy II Philadelphus. By Wendy Cheshire
Authors: Harvey Paul B.
Published: August 2014

The Bronzes of Ptolemy II Philadelphus. By Wendy Cheshire. Ägypten und Altes Testament, vol. 77. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009. Pp. xxvi + 256, plates. €76.
Authority and Authorization of the Torah in the Persian Period. By Kyong-Jin Lee
Authors: Nogalski James D.
Published: August 2014

The Authority and Authorization of the Torah in the Persian Period. By Kyong-Jin Lee. Contributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology, vol. 64. Leuven: Peeters, 2011. Pp. x + 296. €46 (paper).
Al-Ġazālī und der Sufismus. By Merdan Güneş
Authors: Griffel Frank
Published: August 2014

Al-Ġazālī und der Sufismus. By Merdan Güneş. Arabisch-Islamische Welt in Tradition und Moderne, vol. 8. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2011. Pp. 306. €56 (paper).
Food and Foodways of Medieval Cairenes: Aspects of Life in an Islamic Metropolis of the Eastern Mediterranean. By Paulina B. Lewicka
Authors: Trépanier Nicolas
Published: August 2014

Food and Foodways of Medieval Cairenes: Aspects of Life in an Islamic Metropolis of the Eastern Mediterranean. By Paulina B. Lewicka. Islamic History and Civilization, vol. 88. Leiden: Brill, 2011. Pp. xxi + 626, maps. $268.
Artisan Entrepreneurs in Cairo and Early-Modern Capitalism (1600–1800). By Nelly Hanna
Authors: Rafeq Abdul-Karim
Published: August 2014

Artisan Entrepreneurs in Cairo and Early-Modern Capitalism (1600–1800). By Nelly Hanna. Middle East Studies beyond Dominant Paradigms. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2011. Pp. ix + 244. $34.95.
Front Matter
Authors: Editors
Published: August 2014

Front matter
Patient characteristics upon initial presentation to chiropractic teaching clinics: A descriptive study conducted at one university
Authors: Kaeser Martha A. , Hawk Cheryl , Anderson Michelle
Published: August 2014

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare demographics and chief complaints of the new patient population at our institution's fee-for-service clinics to the patient population of practicing chiropractors in the United States. We also compared the prevalence of obesity and hypertension to reference standards for the adult population.

Methods

Patient data were obtained from the electronic health records. All records identified as new patients during October 2013 were included. Variables of interest were clinic site, patient demographics, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), chief complaint, and ICD-9 codes. Descriptive statistics were computed and compared to reference standards from previous reports.

Results

During October 2013, there were 224 new patients that entered the clinics. The average patient was a 31- to 50-year-old white male. Our clinic patients differed from those seen by US chiropractors in the distribution of all demographic variables. For adult patients, 31.4% were overweight, 29% were obese, and 8% stage 1 or 2 hypertension.

Conclusion

New patients in the fee-for-service teaching clinics appear to be dissimilar to those of US practicing chiropractors in several important demographics, characteristics, and types of complaints. The new patients had lower levels of overweight, obesity, and hypertension compared to US reference standards.
Modeling ash fall distribution from a Yellowstone supereruption
Authors: Mastin Larry G. , Van Eaton Alexa R. , Lowenstern Jacob B.
Published: August 2014

We used the volcanic ash transport and dispersion model Ash3d to estimate the distribution of ashfall that would result from a modern‐day Plinian supereruption at Yellowstone volcano. The simulations required modifying Ash3d to consider growth of a continent‐scale umbrella cloud and its interaction with ambient wind fields. We simulated eruptions lasting 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month, each producing 330 km3 of volcanic ash, dense‐rock equivalent (DRE). Results demonstrate that radial expansion of the umbrella cloud is capable of driving ash upwind (westward) and crosswind (N‐S) in excess of 1500 km, producing more‐or‐less radially symmetric isopachs that are only secondarily modified by ambient wind. Deposit thicknesses are decimeters to meters in the northern Rocky Mountains, centimeters to decimeters in the northern Midwest, and millimeters to centimeters on the East, West, and Gulf Coasts. Umbrella cloud growth may explain the extremely widespread dispersal of the ∼640 ka and 2.1 Ma Yellowstone tephra deposits in the eastern Pacific, northeastern California, southern California, and South Texas.
Properties of low‐latitude mantle plasma in the Earth's magnetotail: ARTEMIS observations and global MHD predictions
Authors: Wang Chih‐Ping , Lyons Larry R. , Angelopoulos Vassilis
Published: August 2014

The Earth's plasma mantle is one of the major suppliers of particles for the plasma sheet. To understand its plasma characteristics, spatial distributions, and dependencies on interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) direction, we statistically analyzed the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) observations in the low‐latitude magnetotail (~10 RE above and below the current sheet) and investigated the predictions from global Block Adaptive Tree Solar wind‐Roe‐Upwind Scheme MHD simulations. The mantle plasma flows tailward along magnetic field lines (~50–200 km/s) and at the same time drifts toward midnight and toward the current sheet. The mantle plasma has similar temperature (~0.05–0.2 keV) to the magnetosheath plasma but has lower density (~0.1–1 cm−3). The mantle appearance is dawn‐dusk asymmetric depending mainly on the IMF By direction. The occurrence rates, density, and V|| all decrease with decreasing |Y|. This density cross‐tail profile suggests that the low‐latitude mantle plasma mainly comes from the magnetosheath entering through the tail magnetopause along the open field lines. Density is highly and positively correlated with V||. These observations are qualitatively consistent with the MHD results. The simulations indicate that as IMF By becomes dominant, the source locations at the magnetopause for the mantle move to lower latitudes and become dawn‐dusk asymmetric, and the tail cross section also becomes distorted with the magnetopause shape elongating and the current sheet tilting significantly. Degrees of these changes also vary with the downtail distances and IMF Bz direction. The source location change leads to the dawn‐dusk asymmetric mantle appearance. The tail cross‐section change alters the distance from the sources to the current sheet and thus the resulting mantle density distributions just outside the plasma sheet.
A case study of ionospheric storm effects during long‐lasting southward IMF Bz‐driven geomagnetic storm
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Libo , Nakamura Takuji , Zhao Biqiang , Ning Baiqi , Yoshikawa A.
Published: August 2014

Multiple instrumental observations including GPS total electron content (TEC), foF2 and hmF2 from ionosondes, vertical ion drift measurements from Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System, magnetometer data, and far ultraviolet airglow measured by Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Global Ultraviolet Imager (TIMED/GUVI) are used to investigate the profound ionospheric disturbances at midlatitude and low latitude during the 14–17 July 2012 geomagnetic storm event, which was featured by prolonged southward interplanetary geomagnetic field component for about 30 h below −10 nT. In the East Asian/Australian sector, latitudinal profile of TEC variations in the main phase were characterized by three bands of increments and separated by weak depressions in the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) crest regions, which were caused by the combined effects of disturbance dynamo electric fields (DDEF) and equatorward neutral winds. In the recovery phase, strong inhibition of EIA occurred and the summer crest of EIA disappeared on 16 July due to the combined effects of intrusion of neutral composition disturbance zone as shown by the TIMED/GUVI O/N2 measurements and long‐lasting daytime westward DDEF inferred from the equatorial electrojet observations. The transit time of DDEF over the dip equator from westward to eastward is around 2200 LT. In the American longitude, the salient ionospheric disturbances in the summer hemisphere were characterized by daytime periodical intrusion of negative phase for three consecutive days in the recovery phase, preceded by storm‐enhanced density plume in the initial phase. In addition, multiple short‐lived prompt penetration electric fields appeared during stable southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz in the recovery phase and were responsible for enhanced the EIA and equatorial ionospheric uplift around sunset.
Convective turbulent dust emission (CTDE) observed over Horqin Sandy Land area and validation of a CTDE scheme
Authors: Li X. L. , Klose M. , Shao Y. , Zhang H. S.
Published: August 2014

In this paper, a data set obtained from a sandstorm monitoring station located in Horqin Sandy Land area in northern China from December 2010 to November 2011 is used to investigate the seasonal variations and characteristics of convective turbulent dust emission (CTDE) and to validate a CTDE scheme. The observations show that CTDE events occur during the local daytime, with 85% of them between 08:00 and 15:00 local standard time. While a CTDE event may last for 0.5 to 8 h, the duration of 79% of the events is shorter than 3 h. CTDE occurs most frequently in summer and then in fall, less frequently in spring, and least in winter. The total CTDE flux in the year (=1.63 × 104 µg m−2 s−1) is considerable and important to the background dust concentration and dust cycles from the view of a longer time scale. The CTDE dust flux, Fobs, falls into the range of 0–30 µg m−2 s−1 and is positively correlated with the convective scaling velocity, w*, but not so much with the friction velocity, u*. A CTDE event was observed on 14 October 2011, which lasted for 7 h with a maximum of Fobs = 9.4 µg m−2 s−1. This event is used to validate the CTDE scheme. A linear relationship between the predicted and the observed CTDE dust fluxes is found, and an important model parameter is calibrated for this sandy land.
Variability of upper tropospheric clouds in the polar region during stratospheric sudden warmings
Authors: Kohma Masashi , Sato Kaoru
Published: August 2014

The variability of upper tropospheric clouds during stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) in 2009, 2010, and 2012 in the Northern Hemisphere is examined using satellite observations and reanalysis data. It is shown that the zonal mean cloud frequency decreases in the altitude range of 8–12 km, and the mean cloud top height descends soon after an SSW. Following a sudden decrease in upper tropospheric cloud frequency, an increase in temperature and static stability around the tropopause and a downward shift of the tropopause height are simultaneously observed. These changes in the upper troposphere are observed when the downward residual mean flow associated with an SSW becomes stronger around the tropopause level. By means of analyses based on a recent theory of three‐dimensional residual mean flow, it is shown that the horizontal structure of the vertical flow is consistent with the geographical distribution of clouds in the altitude range of 9–11 km. Another interesting feature is that the low cloud frequency in the upper troposphere that starts after an SSW continues for more than 1 month. Possible reasons are discussed in terms of a long radiative relaxation time and a change in the tropospheric wave activity. These findings indicate that SSWs can affect the tropospheric radiative budget through the modification of cloud frequency and cloud top heights.
A new multispectral cloud retrieval method for ship‐based solar transmissivity measurements
Authors: Brückner M. , Pospichal B. , Macke A. , Wendisch M.
Published: August 2014

Within the German Leibniz‐network OCEANET project, ship‐based lidar and microwave remote sensing as well as spectral zenith radiance observations with the COmpact RAdiation measurements System (CORAS) were performed. During three cruises latitudes between 50°N and 50°S were covered. A new spectral retrieval method to derive the cloud optical thickness τ and the droplet effective radius reff using CORAS measurements is developed. The method matches CORAS measurements of ratios of spectral transmissivity at six wavelengths with modeled transmissivities. This retrieval is fast and accurate and thus suitable for operational purposes. The new approach circumvents ambiguities of existing cloud retrievals and reduces the influence of measurement uncertainties. It is applied to homogenous and heterogeneous liquid water and cirrus clouds. In boundary layer liquid water clouds, the retrieved effective radius was more variable, whereas in the cirrus it was rather constant. Furthermore, the liquid water path LWP was derived and compared to data from a microwave radiometer. The new retrieval tends to overestimate LWP for thick liquid water clouds but slightly underestimate LWP for thin clouds. The presented method cannot be applied to mixed‐phase clouds. The maximum retrieval of τ and reff for liquid water clouds is 80 in τ and 30 μm in reff, respectively; for cirrus clouds the limitations of the retrieval are 10 in τ and 60 μm in reff.