bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of cadmium and essential nanometals on the physiological And biochemical parameters of lettuce plants
Authors: Khomenko I. , Kosyk O. , Taran N.
Published: July 2019

Due to the aim the effect of pre-sowing treatment with a nonionic colloidal solution of the mix of copper, zinc, manganese and iron nanoparticles, cadmium ions and their combined action on the physiological and biochemical indices: the content of lipid peroxidation products and balance of photosynthetic pigments in green Lolo and red Lolo Ross varieties of Lactuca sativa L. was investigated. Spectrophotometric methods of investigating the content of peroxides, thiobarbiturate-active products (with use of the modified Kumar and Knowles method), as well as the content of the main photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, a/b ratio, and the carotenoid content) with the Wintermans, de Mots calculations application were used. Due to the results, a decrease in the content of peroxides and growth of malonic dialdehyde was observed for most treatment variants of Lolo. The opposite tendency was observed for the Ross variety (the initial growth of these parameters under the nanoparticles influence decreased to the control during the fourteen-day exposure). The decrease of chlorophyll content was observed In the Lolo variety under the essential metal nanoparticles influence, in contrast to the action of cadmium.For the Ross variety, a significant reduction of both chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in all treatment types during exposure was calculated.The a/b-index for Lolo plants has significantly increased in variants of cadmium influence, for Ross plants the divergence of the influence of all treatment variants has been marked. As a result, the treatment with a mixture of essential nanometals showed additive stress-loading functions. It was observed in a growth of the level of lipid peroxidation products and the reduction of the photosynthetic pigment biomarkers in both varieties during the 0,1 mM cadmium exposure. The Lolo Ross variety showed a higher variability of results under different treatment, compared to the Lolo variety.
Structural-functional organization of littoral zooplankton community of the upper Kremenchug reservoir in the territory of Kaniv nature reserve
Authors: Burian Z. , Gandziura V. , Trokhymets V.
Published: July 2019

The analysis results of the structural-functional organization of littoral zooplankton community of the upper Kremenchug Reservoir in the territory of Kaniv Nature Reserve during the summer of 2015 are presented. Diversity of zooplankton was presented with 34 species: Monogononta rotifers, cladocerans, copepods. The rotatoria-cladoceran zooplankton complex dominated in the taxonomic composition. Zhakkara dominant index for the comparison of the dominant species complexes was used, and it was the low number of similarities within the various biotopes of the six research stations (J = 7,1-28,6). This can be explained by the formation of higher aquatic plants.This led to the formation of specific zooplankton groups in overgrown biotopes.The ecological spectrum of the different groups of the upper Kremenchug Reservoir littoral zooplankton in the summer was characterized by the predominance of the phytophilic groups: phytophilic – 18 species (53 % of all zooplankton species). Depending on the feeding type the largest part was made by the peaceful group – 73,3 % (25 species). Summer littoral zooplankton in quantitative terms was characterized by very low development in both biotopes. Its density varied within 4077± 2098 ind./m³ and biomass 0,07 ± 0,04 g/m for overgrown biotopes, and 4123 ± 3929 ind./m³ and 0,054 ± 0,038 g/m³ for freshwater ones. Among the quantitative indicators, the species of Copepoda dominated, what was associated with the development of their larval stages (Nauplia, Сalanoida juv., Cyclopoida juv.) in the summer period.
Dependence of quantitative composition of oxalate-degrading bacteria in fecal biopsy of rats on the quantity of oxalates in the diet
Authors: Akulenko I. , Stetska V. , Serhiychuk T. , Tolstanova G. , Stepanova N.
Published: July 2019

Changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota, namely the reduction of microorganisms capable of metabolizing oxalates, is one of the main factors in the development of hyperoxaluria. The purpose of this study was to determine the quantity of oxalate-degrading bacteria in fecal biopsy of different species of laboratory animals and to investigate the relationship between the amount of oxalate in the diet and the level of oxalate-degrading bacteria. The object of the study was the content of oxalate-degrading bacteria in fecal biopsy of experimental animals: nonbreeding rats (n = 12); Wistar rats (n = 12); mice Balb C line (n =12); сhinchilla rabbits (n= 10). The quantity of oxalate-degrading bacteria was determined by culture method on a highly selective Oxalate Medium. Current data shows that the content of oxalate-degrading bacteria in fecal biopsy depends on the species of the animals and the high content of oxalates in the diet. In Wistar line rats, oxalate-degrading bacteria were found in 100 % of the animals, in non-breeding rats – 58 %, in mice Balb C line – 42 %, in сhinchilla rabbits – 7 %. The highest quantity of oxalatedegrading bacteria in grams of fecal biopsy was found in Wistar rats – lg 6,12 ± 0,63 CFU/g, in non-breeding rats – lg 2,97 ± 0,34 CFU/g, in mice lg 2,4 ± 0,41 CFU/g. The least quantity of oxalate-degrading bacteria was detected in rabbits (lg 2,1 ± 0,5 CFU/g). A 14-day administration of Na2C2O4 to non-breeding rats has led to an increase in the quantity of oxalate-degrading bacteria in fecal biopsy. During the first seven days of the high-oxalate diet 57 % animals had increased the quantity of oxalate-degrading bacteria in a gram of feces. After 14 days, the further increase of oxalatedegrading bacteria in a gram of feces was observed in 25 % animals. In general, the quantity of oxalate-degrading bacteria during high-oxalate diet has increased by two orders. Animals with non-detectable level of oxalate-degrading bacteria in feces might be attributed to the potential risk group of hyperoxaluria and the formation of oxalate stones.
Pathway in rat brains under experimental obesity caused long-term progesterone administration
Authors: Aleksandrov A. , Konopelniuk V. , Kompanets I. , Ostapchenko L.
Published: July 2019

Obesity is one of the most common complex health problem. The pathway of serotonin synthesis takes part in neuroendocrine regulation, as well as in the regulation of a number of behavioral functions of the body and fat deposition. Serotonin is a mediator of the amine nature, which functions as a neurotransmitter and tissue hormone. The greatest amount of serotonin is synthesized in the brain and 12 duodenum. As a neurotransmitter, serotonin affects both directly and indirectly on the function of most brain cells. Female hormone progesterone influence on serotonin functions. One of the effect of progesterone is increasing of amount of fat tissue during the pregnancy. Long-term using of progesterone in hormone substitution therapy or as part of contraception also lead to fat accumulation effect. The levels of activity of serotonergic system enzymes, tryptophan hydroxylase, tryptophan decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase (MAO), and tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in the rat brain under obesity conditions caused by prolonged administration of progesterone were determined in this study. Studies have shown that the content of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the brain of rats under obesity caused by prolonged administration of progesterone increased in comparison with the rats of the control group. The levels of tryptophan hydroxylase and MAO activity decreased, and tryptophan decarboxylase activity levels increased in the rat brain under obesity conditions caused by prolonged administration of progesterone. Thus, as a result of our studies, we found an imbalance in the system of serotonin metabolism in the brain of rats with the development of hormonal obesity induced by prolonged administration of progesterone, which may indicate the involvement of the serotonergic neurotransmitter system in the mechanisms of the development of obesity and concomitant diseases.
Matrix metalloproteinases in the development of ischemic stroke in the patients with or without diabetes mellitus type II
Authors: Tsarenko T. , Raksha N. , Kravchenko O.
Published: July 2019

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, capable of degrading all the molecular components of extracellular matrix. A class of metalloproteinases–gelatinases, which includes gelatinase A or MMP-2 (72 kDa) and gelatinase B or MMP-9 (92 kDa) has been shown to play critical roles in a number of acute and chronic pathological processes, in particular, cardiovascular diseases. For these reasons gelatinasesobtained a great interest as potential non-invasive biomarkers in providing useful clinical information in stroke diagnosis and therapy. In present study we have analyzed the content of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in serum samples of patients with ischemic stroke alone and ischemic stroke complicated by diabetes mellitus type II, as well as the enzymatic activities presented in blood serum. It has been established that the acute phase of ischemic stroke is accompanied by the significant change of the content of investigated metalloproteinases in the blood serum. The obtained results demonstrated thatblood serum content of MMP-2 is significantly higher than content of MMP-9.The changes of the content of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were more pronounced in the group of patients with ischemic stroke and diabetes mellitus type 2 comparing with the results of patients with ischemic stroke alone.For analysis of forms of gelatinases the gelatine zymographytechnique was applied. This is a sensitive and simplemethodwhich allows to measure the relative amounts of active and inactive enzymes in body fluids and tissue extracts. The serum samples patients with stroke alone and complicated by diabetescontained two prominent gelatinolyticbands corresponding to monomeric proMMP-9 (92 kDa), proMMP-2 (72 kDa)active MMP-9 (85 kDa), MMP-2 (67 kDa)and some additional bands migrating above 100 kDa. By contrast, the healthy serum samplesdisplayed only the 92 and 72 kDa proforms.
The punctuation means and their pragmatics in the narrative structure in Nicolas Farguesʼ novels
Authors: Gorbach Iryna
Published: July 2019

The article considers the punctuation means and their pragmatics in Nicolas Farguesʼ novels.
TRANSLATION OF GENUINE SIMILES IN SHORT STORIES BY P. G. WODEHOUSE
Authors:   Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Boldyreva Anzhela
Published: July 2019

The article deals with such a stylistic device and expressive means as a genuine simile. It reveals its structure, ways of its creation in English and Russian, focuses on ways of its rendering into a target language.
THE MAIN FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION OF LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENTS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Vlasenko Mary
Published: July 2019

The article discusses the peculiarities of constructing legal and administrative documents on compositional, lexical and morphological-syntactic levels.
SELF-PRAISE IN A DISCOURSE TACTIC REPERTOIRE OF A LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY OF A SUBORDINATE (based on the material of English-language film discourse)
Authors:   Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine, Gorbachova Nadiya
Published: July 2019

The article focuses on the violation of role expectations by speakers with asymmetric statuses in the process of dialogical speech. The study is based on the materials of the English-language series ‘Suits’, specifically, on film dialogues as they are close to real communication, and film characters are representatives of various professions, so this means that they represent different social values, points of view and beliefs. During the analysis of the empirical material self-praise tactic was revealed which is implemented by a subordinate in order to modify their status and/or the status of a chief. It was found out that the use of this tactic allows a subordinate to strengthen their status in the eyes of a chief, provided that self-praise tactic is realized successfully. Traits and qualities which become a subject of subordinate`s self-praise are highlighted as well as reasons for the use of this tactic. Speech acts used to implement the self-praise tactic, and lexical means, which are typical when verbalizing the tactic are singled out.
METAPHONY AS ANTIPODE OF THE EQUIPHONIC SOUND REPETITION (based on the Spanish language)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Obruchnykova Olena
Published: July 2019

The article considers the points of view of modern researchers of the poetic text on the phenomenon of metaphony, reflecting a new perspective of studying the phonetics of the verse. The metaphony as a sound association of separate invertible heterorhythmic sound groups, united around a single syllabic apex – vowel, is considered on the example of the Spanish poetic and folklore text. Metaphonical sound correspondences in repetition create the prospect of using syllable sound groups and complexes to form an alternative, poetic morphology of the word. A prospective research of metaphonical sound repetition can be aimed at revealing the dominant types of metaphonic rhymes in the poetic speech of the Spanish authors.
CASE METHOD IN LINGUISTICS
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Balatska A.V.
Published: July 2019

The article explores the case method, its main characteristics, types, constraints and advantages. Nowadays, the application of cases is important in many professional areas. More and more often this method is found in linguistics and becomes a widespread approach in the field of educational research. The use of case studies involves analyzing data obtained on the basis of events or situations that have occurred with certain participants, and, therefore, is pragmatic by nature. It provides in turn, a sufficiently broad understanding of the aspects of language use. It was found that the method could focus both on the study of personal experience of the individual and the conditions in which the speech activity is carried out. Without reference to what represents a case, the object of interest is specific units with their complexity and interaction, which confirm how one or another theory reveals the mechanism of language functioning. Relying on a variety of methodologies, cases can serve as a good illustrative material, give explanations or, conversely, complicate acquired knowledge. Regardless of the purposes for which the case method is used, the common feature is that each case specifically taken for analysis is a valuable tool in conducting a comprehensive study of the situation.
NON-VERBAL REPRESENTATION OF NARRATIVES IN THE LANGUAGE OF SCIENCE
Authors: Shelkovnikova Z. ,   Research and Educational Center for Foreign Languages (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2019

The considerations of scientific prestige, global competition among scientists, the speed and dynamics of modern life have led to the modifications in scientific discourse. Currently, scientists pay even more attention not only to the content of a message, but also to its form. The esthetic mode and narrativization have become the features of modern Anglo-American scientific discourse. The article deals with the narratives in the language of science through the prism of polycode nature of academic discourse. Various non-verbal research narratives are represented via book covers, pictures, images, graphs, diagrams and so on. The main characteristics of the research narrative, such as descriptive instruments, narrative intentionality, actionality, understandability, accessibility, creativity, logic, intrigue, esthetical mode were extensively illustrated with non-verbal narrative fragments found in scientific discourse. Narrative discourse stands out due to its eventfulness. We have paid special attention to the structural characteristics of the change of state, or condition, considering it as the main narrative feature. The action has been also considered in terms of singularity, fractality and intentionality. The action, together with the esthetical mode make the narrative scientific discourse stand out from the regular modes of research genres. The more narrative features we observe, the more evident is the narrative nature of a scientific discourse fragment. The language of science in the modern world is becoming more and more polycodal. Our research proves the polycode nature of narration in scientific discourse.
PARTICULARITIES OF EFFECTIVE WRITTEN COMMUNICATION IN THE PROFESSIONAL FIELD (IN FRENCH LANGUAGE)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Labenko O.
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the particularities of effective written communication in the Professional field. Practical recommendations for composing and writing of different types of messages in business communication are specified. Written business communication is characterized by specific principles that must be strictly followed. When composing а message it is important to prepare the form and the content of the message. The form of message is as important as the content. Each type of message is characterized by certain features that must be reproduced when writing. The content of the message should be well thought out, well structured, the description must be presented in chronological order. Characteristic features of every business message are: logical sequence, concision and precision. When composing a text of a message it is necessary to use different linking words and other connecting devices. In French, we have identified several groups of words, which will contribute to write a logically consistent message. The principle of accessibility can make a message The use of the principle of accessibility will facilitate the creation of easy for perception and understanding messages.
IDEOLOGY THE SCIENCE AND SCHOOL AS BASE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES OF THE POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
Authors: Shturba Viktor , Vasiliev Sergei
Published: July 2019

Article is devoted to research of the major social institutes of a ostindustrial society – to ideology, schools and sciences. Their parity with a historical reality and public requirements of the modern world is investigated. Influence of those or other public processes on education and a science is considered, correlation ideology scientific researches in humanitarian disciplines and educational standards is lead. The comparative characteristic of pedagogical in modern world pedagogical and educational systems, forecasts of their further possible development is given.
EDUCATION AS A CULTURAL ELEMENT FOR MOUNTAIN PEOPLES OF THE CAUCASUS AT THE CLOSING STAGE OF THE CAUCASIAN WAR
Authors: Shturba V.A.
Published: July 2019

The article analyses the educational policy of the Russian Empire in the territories conquered during the Caucasian War. The review of forms and methods of introducing spiritual and ethic assimilation of local tribes has been presented. The concern of the Russian government about the cultural uniqueness of mountain peoples has been demonstrated. It is realized by means of forming ethnically oriented models.
DEVELOPMENT OF COSSACK POPULAR EDUCATION IN KUBAN REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors: Shturba V. A. , Shturba E. V.
Published: July 2019

The article considers activity of official bodies of Cossack power of Kuban region in relation to changing the system of popular education for Cossack class in the light of the changes taken place in the middle of the 19th century in all the life spheres of the Russian Empire. The main attention has been paid to the problem of teachers’ training i.e. the main problem in the sphere of education of that time in Kuban.
RUSSIAN PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ACTIVITIES IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1990S AND THE ISSUE OF THE COUNTRY’S NATIONAL SECURITY PROTECTION
Authors: Shturba E. V.
Published: July 2019

The article considers the new approach of the Russian government in the sphere of foreign integration and cooperation with international organizations in the second half of the 1990s. Based on the analysis of factual and documentary proved data the reasons for the transfer of the country’s foreign policy into multi-vector direction and its diversification have been explained. The author’s evaluation of the attempts of Russia to integrate into multipolar world and the role of international cooperation in this process has been given.
José Gestoso y la historiografía artística de su tiempo (1852-1917)
Authors: De Tena Ramírez Carmen
Published: July 2019

La finalidad de este trabajo de investigación es dar a conocer la figura deJosé Gestoso y sus aportaciones a la historiografía artística española.Para ello nos hemos valido de un estudio sobre las características de la práctica historiográfica restauracionista y de un análisis de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo por este erudito, así como de algunos aspectos de su personalidad. Como conclusión a este estudio destacamos el carácter precursor de las investigaciones de José Gestoso sobre el patrimonio histórico-artístico español y la aplicación del estudio y conocimiento del mismo para su tutela.
seismo‐live: An Educational Online Library of Jupyter Notebooks for Seismology
Authors: Krischer Lion , Aiman Yongki Andita , Bartholomaus Timothy , Donner Stefanie , Driel Martin van , Duru Kenneth , Garina Kristina , Gessele Kilian , Gunawan Tomy , Hable Sarah , Hadziioannou Céline , Koymans Mathijs , Leeman John , Lindner Fabian , Ling Angel , Megies Tobias , Nunn Ceri , Rijal Ashim , Salvermoser Johannes , Soza Sujania Talavera , Tape Carl , Taufiqurrahman Taufiq , Vargas David , Wassermann Joachim , Wölfl Florian , Williams Mitch , Wollherr Stephanie , Igel Heiner
Published: July 2019

Efficient computer programming is becoming a central requirement in quantitative Earth science education. This applies not only to the early career stage but—due to the rapid evolution of programming paradigms—also throughout professional life. At universities, workshops, or any software training events, efficient practical programming exercises are hampered by the heterogeneity of hardware and software setups of participants. Jupyter notebooks offer an attractive solution by providing a platform‐independent concept and allowing the combination of text‐editing, program execution, and plotting. Here, we document a growing library with dozens of Jupyter notebooks for training in seismology. The library is made “live” through a server that allows accessing and running the notebooks in the browser on any system (PC, laptop, tablet, smartphone), provided there is internet access. The library seismo‐live contains notebooks on many aspects of seismology, including data processing, computational seismology, and earthquake physics, as well as reproducible papers and graphics. It is a community effort and is intended to benefit from continuous interaction with seismologists around the world.
Seismic Activity in the Permian Basin Area of West Texas and Southeastern New Mexico, 1975–79
Authors: Keller G. R. , Rogers A. M. , Orr C. D.
Published: July 2019

A seismic network of 12 self-contained, radio-telemetered seismograph systems was operated in the Kermit, Texas area for a period of 46 months. The main object of this study was to improve our understanding of the seismicity of this region where the first events were observed in 1964 and the first feit event occurred in 1966. Over 1300 events were located during this study, and the hypocenters displayed complex relationships with known geologie structures and oll field activity. Swarm activity was prominent, particularly in the southwest portion of the network. Most of the large events occurred near Kermit, Texas in the vicinity of the Keystone oil field and surprisingly few smaller events occurred in this area. The greatest concentrations of events (none feit), showed a strong spatial correlation with the War-Wink gas field.
Recurrence Intervals for Intraplate Earthquakes in Eastern North America from Paleoseismological Data
Authors: Talwani Pradeep , Collinsworth Keith
Published: July 2019

In intraplate settings in eastern North America, paleoseismological studies have been used to obtain recurrence of earthquake at three locations. As causative faults are usually inaccessible at these locations the effects of paleoearthquakes have been studied. While calculating recurrence intervals we have tacitly assumed that the earthquakes at each locality repeatedly occurred on the same faults. Indicators of paleoearthquakes that were studied include deformed soft sediments due to seismically induced liquefaction (New Madrid and Charleston, SC, seismic zones), warped lake sediments and anomalous silt layers in otherwise organic rich sediments (Charlevoix, Canada seismic zone). The resulting recurrence intervals for New Madrid (≈ 600 years) and Charleston (1500–2000 years) are in general agreement with those obtained from statistical studies. At Charlevoix it was estimated that a MM intensity VI event (sufficient to disturb varves) occurs every ≈ 400 years.
A Brief Update on the Focal Depths of Intracontinental Earthquakes and their Correlations with Heat Flow and Tectonic Age
Authors: Chen Wang-Ping
Published: July 2019

This paper summarizes the characteristics of focal depths of intracontinental earthquakes based on a compilation of reliably determined depths reported in the past five years. Since the study of Chen and Molnar (1983), several additional moderate-sized sub-crustal events (mb ≥ 5) have occurred in southern Tibet, the Tien Shan, and the Karakorum where such events are known to exist. Furthermore, three events have been identified near the Moho beneath the Brazilian shield, the coldest part of the Baltic shield, and the passive margin of Newfoundland. Since these events took place in stable parts of the continent, they must be an integrated part of the deformation of the intracontinental lithosphere at depth, not that of subducted material. Therefore there seems to be little doubt that earthquakes near the Moho is an incessant element of intracontinental seismicity. Due to the lack of detailed information on the crustal and mantle structures in the source regions, many of the events near the Moho seem to be located in the uppermost mantle but some might have occurred in the lowermost crust. In any case, the events near the Moho in most regions seem to be separated from the familiar seismicity in the upper part of the crust, forming a pattern of two seismogenic zones straddling an aseismic region in the lower crust. With data from South America and the Baltic shield, the maximum depth of earthquakes in cratons can be correlated with tectonic age within a single continent, and with low heat flow of the source region in a given tectonic province, respectively. These observations reinforce the view point that to a first approximation, the distribution of focal depth serves as an indicator of temperature or mechanical strength of the lithosphere, a result consistent with extrapolation of data from experimental rock mechanics. The aseismic zone in the lower crust is interpreted as a relatively weak region of the lithosphere sandwiched between two layers of more competent material where sufficient strain can accumulate to produce earthquakes.
Peak Accelerations From the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake
Authors: Boore David M. , Seekins Linda , Joyner William B.
Published: July 2019

Peak accelerations of the Loma Prieta main shock have been tabulated from instruments maintained by a number of organizations. We have analyzed a subset of 86 records from nominally free-field sites, which have been subdivided into rock, alluvium, and bay-mud categories according to data available in various reports. After correction for attenuation, the peak accelerations on rock, alluvium, and bay-mud sites are factors of 1.6, 1.8, and 4.5 larger, on the average, than Joyner and Boore’s (1988) predicted values for a M= 6.9 earthquake. The mean motions for the rock and alluvium sites are somewhat greater than one standard deviation away from the predicted value, but the mean acceleration from the bay-mud sites is well outside the range expected from analyses of data from previous earthquakes from rock and alluvium sites. Large amplitudes of motions on bay-mud sites relative to rock sites (a factor of 2.8 for the average of the recordings of the Loma Prieta main shock) has been found previously from recordings of distant earthquakes and explosions, but the Loma Prieta earthquake provided the first opportunity to study the relative amplitudes from strong-motion recordings.
Observational Test for Wave Propagation Effects in Local Earthquake Seismograms
Authors: Williams David E. , Langston Charles A.
Published: July 2019

Strong motion data for aftershocks of the 1982 Miramichi earthquake are analyzed to determine site effects on recorded waveforms. Although aftershocks vary in source mechanism, the complicated vector particle motion of P and S arrivals are often coherent between events recorded at the same station. This suggests that near-surface receiver structure has a significant effect on the recorded waveforms. Resonance features dominate the wavetrains with P reverberations existing on the vertical components and S reverberations prominent on the radial components indicating near vertical incidence. These reverberations take the form of peaks in the amplitude spectra which may complicate corner frequency interpretation. As an example, a corner frequency shift, fc(S) < fc(P), is evident and is attributed to structure induced effects. Synthetic seismograms computed using the propagator matrix method indicate that a thin low velocity layer of unconsolidated glacial till located directly beneath the receivers is responsible for most waveform effects. Attenuation effects in the thin layer are included in the computation of the synthetics in order to help match amplitude ratios. The geometry of the till-bedrock interface is interpreted as being three dimensional due to high tangential P amplitudes and anomalous particle motions. The observed waveforms are believed to consist mainly of direct waves, reverberations within the thin layer, and scattered arrivals resulting from the nonplanar interface. A careful analysis of three component waveform data in earthquake aftershock data sets such as this one considered here may be useful in determining local site conditions independent of assumed source models.
Characteristics of Seismically Induced Liquefaction Sites and Features Located in the Vicinity of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina Earthquake
Authors: Amick David , Maurath Garry , Gelinas Robert
Published: July 2019

The ages of seismically induced paleoliquefaction features located in the Charleston, S. C. area suggest that the return period between large events similar to the 1886 earthquake is much longer than the historic record. If large prehistoric earthquakes have occurred elsewhere along the Atlantic Seaboard, then evidence of liquefaction features associated with them should be present in unconsolidated Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. To establish a comprehensive control data base for a regional analysis, liquefaction sites and features located in the Charleston area have been evaluated. Over 100 liquefaction sites were identified on the basis of a detailed review of historical accounts of the 1886 earthquake, and results of recent field studies. These studies then centered on characterizing the geologic, stratigraphic, and hydrologic setting of these sites and identifying criteria by which similar locales could be recognized elsewhere in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. This investigation also included the development of recognition criteria to distinguish seismically induced liquefaction features from pseudoliquefaction features (other features which look similar but are not seismic in origin). Guided by these findings, a systematic search for paleoliquefaction features outside the epicentral area of the 1886 Charleston earthquake is now underway.
Structural Relations and Earthquake Hazards of the Crittenden County Fault Zone, Northeastern Arkansas
Authors: Crone Anthony J.
Published: July 2019

A preliminary interpretation of about 135 km of seismic-reflection data provides new information on the structural relations between the the Crittenden County fault zone and the subjacent rift-bounding faults along the southeastern margin of the Reelfoot rift in the New Madrid seismic zone. On the reflection data, the rift boundary is marked by a 4- to 8-km-wide zone of incoherent reflected energy and disrupted reflectors in the lower part of the well-stratified, lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and in the underlying Precambrian crystalline basement. In places, the zone of disrupted reflectors extends into the upper part of the Paleozoic rocks, and, on some lines, disrupted reflectors and distinct faults are present in the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks of the Mississippi Embayment. The Crittenden County fault zone is interpreted as a northwest-dipping, high-angle reverse fault with an up-to-the-northwest throw, which is opposite to the net structural relief in the subjacent graben. The fault zone is at least 32 km long and coincides with the rift margin in southwestern Crittenden County, but to the northeast, it diverges away from the aeromagnetically defined margin of the rift by almost 4 km. Most faults in the Crittenden County fault zone are apparently ancient rift-bounding normal faults that were reactivated with a significant amount of reverse slip during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. On the basis of its apparent connection with the rift-bounding faults, the evidence of its long history of recurrent movement, and its orientation with respect to the modern stress field, the Crittenden County fault zone might be considered to potentially generate major earthquakes. In contrast, the possibility that the Crittenden County fault zone could be a bending-moment fault argues against it being extremely hazardous. Precambrian crystalline basement interpreted on the profiles is commonly deeper than magnetic basement by as much as 2.5 km. This discrepancy between shallow magnetic basement and deeper crystalline basement could be explained by the presence of igneous intrusions in the Paleozoic strata immediately above Precambrian basement.
Shallow Seismic Reflection Survey of the Bootheel Lineament Area, Southeastern Missouri
Authors: Schweig Eugene S. , Shen Fan , Kanter Lisa R. , Luzietti Eugene A. , VanArsdale Roy B. , Shedlock Kaye M. , King Kenneth W.
Published: July 2019

During 1990 we collected eight lines (11.5 km) of shallow seismic reflection data across the Bootheel lineament, a discontinuous feature that extends about 135 km in a north-northeast direction through northeastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri. The profiles image reflectors at depths between about 55 m to 800 m. Gentle folding with wavelengths of about 800 m and amplitudes of 10 m to 25 m is evident on nearly every profile, generally coinciding with the surface traces of the lineament. We interpret our lines to show a complex zone of strike-slip deformation consisting of multiple flower structures, with deformation at least as young as the Eocene/Quaternary unconformity.
Un paso hacia la internacionalización de Dictamen Libre
Authors: Chajin Flórez Miguel
Published: July 2019

Uno de los mayores retos de una revista es poder mantener un enfoque sin caer en lo monotemático, porque se le cierra así la puerta a la complejidad de la realidad, y especialmente a la evidente necesidad de la articulación de saberes que se entretejen de múltiples maneras en cualquier objeto de conocimiento. Esta edición toca temas puntuales y concretos como la referencia a la empresa Electricaribe en Colombia, y otros de carácter epistemológicos e investigativos, de carácter general; de igual forma en lo disciplinar, relacionado con la Contaduría Pública, como los temas tocantes a la Administración y el emprendimiento empresarial.
El Caribe a oscuras: La crisis de Electricaribe
Authors: Miranda Passo Juan Carlos , Maestre De La Espriella Luis Emiro
Published: July 2019

Este artículo de reflexión pretende abocar de manera sucinta una serie de críticas que se le realizan a Electricaribe S.A. E.S.P, ilustrar sobre la crisis que afronta la empresa y desmontar ciertas quimeras que se han tejido sobre la problemática en la prestación del servicio público de energía en la región Caribe. Se analizan diferentes factores para entender esta crisis que atraviesa la costa en calidad de servicio energético, y ofrecer unas conclusiones que sirvan para solucionar la problemática que se vive con la prestación del servicio de energía.
Clinical features and prognosis in heart failure patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Authors: Gazizyanova V. M. , Bulashova O. V. , Hazova E. V. , Hasanov N. R. , Oslopov V. N.
Published: July 2019

Background. Multimorbidity is a specific characteristic of the modern patient with chronic heart failure (CHF) which significantly changes clinical course, prognosis of the syndrome, leads to socio‑economic losses and makes significant adjustments to treatment tactics. The goal is to study the clinical features and prognosis of patients with CHF in combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and methods. We studied 183 HF patients, including with stable CHF, including 105 with CHF combined with COPD. The clinical phenotype was assessed by its belonging to the functional class and the severity of COPD. A 6‑minute walk test (6‑MWT), spirometry, echocardioscopy, testing on a scale assessing the clinical condition, quality of life were studied. The end points during the year were: all‑cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and hospitalization rates due to acute decompensation of CHF. Results. The clinical phenotype of CHF combined with COPD was characterized by a high frequency of smoking, low quality of life and exercise tolerance. Respiratory dysfunction in CHF in combination with COPD was characterized by mixed disorders (68.4%), in CHF without lung disease, restrictive (25.6%). Cardiovascular mortality in comorbid pathology was 4.0%, in CHF without COPD – 4.6%; myocardial infarction was observed 1.7 times more often with lung disease than in patients with CHF only (16.8% and 10.8%); stroke was observed exclusively in comorbid pathology (8.9%). The combined endpoint (all cardiovascular events) with CHF in combination with COPD was achieved 2.3 times more often in comparison with patients with COPD only (29.7% and 15.4%). Hospitalization due to acute decompensation of CHF occurred 2 times more often with CHF in combination with COPD than without it (32.7% and 15.4%) with a tendency to increase as the left ventricular ejection fraction decreased. Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate that COPD contributes to the formation of the clinical phenotype of CHF from the standpoint of the mutual inﬂuence of the characteristics of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and also aggravates the prognosis that requires an integrated approach to the diﬀerential diagnosis and individualization of pharmacotherapy.
A comparative study on hematological parameters among the social and problem drinkers admitted in a tertiary care rehabilitation centre
Authors: P. Rubina M. , B. Riyas Basheer K. , K. Mohammed Safeer T. , V. Soumya , T. Murshid Ali K. , C. Chandana Ramchandran
Published: July 2019

Background: Alcoholism is a broad form for problems with alcohol and is generally used to mean compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, usually to the determinant of drinker’s health, personal relationships and social standing. It is medically considered a disease, specifically an addictive illness. Alcohol has numerous adverse effects on the various types of blood cells and their functions. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological changes in alcoholic patients admitted in tertiary care hospital.Methods: The blood samples were collected from alcoholics admitted in a psychiatric and rehabilitation centre and the samples were processed in hematology laboratory in a tertiary care hospital. The hematological parameters (CBC) except ESR, were performed by using fully automated blood cell counters. The change in alcoholics was studied under two categories-social drinkers and problem drinkers. The results of these parameters were compared with age and sex matched normal population.Results: Total 200 cases included in which 110 were abstainers and 90 were alcoholics. Among alcoholics 67% were problem drinkers and 33% were social drinkers. The mean values of Hb, RBC and MCV in social drinkers were 11.1 g/dl, 3.1 million cells /μl and 100.5 fl, in problem drinkers were 9.8 g/dl, 2.89 million cells /μl and 105.5 fl, and in control population were 14.8 g/dl, 4.8 million cells / μl and 93 fl respectively.Conclusions: The study shown that parameters were changed in both social drinkers and problem drinkers. But predominant changes were observed in problem drinkers. The presence of elevated MCV and decreased RBC and Hb are suggestive of megaloblastic changes.
Diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenopathy by fine needle aspiration cytology and Z-N staining
Authors: Naz Navneet , Sharma Megha
Published: July 2019

Background: Tuberculosis continues to be the biggest health problem in India. Tuberculosis involves respiratory, gastrointestinal tract as well as extrapulmonary site. Tubercular lymphadenopathy is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. FNAC plays a vital role in diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenopathy. FNAC is not only used for cytological diagnosis but also used for other ancillary tests like Ziehl-Neelsen staining and AFB culture.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of pathology, Government Medical College, Jammu over a period of 6 months and included 450 cases presenting with superficial lymphadenopathy. FNAC was performed in the cases and smears in each case, were stained with May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG), Papanicolaou and Z-N stain.Results: Out of 450 cases,160 cases (35.5%) showed features of tubercular lymphadenitis. The most common site of presentation, being cervical region with 75% cases. Females outnumbered males by ratio of 1.46:1. In cytomorphology 93 cases (58.1%) showed epithelioid granulomas with caseous necrosis,37 cases (23.1%) showed caseous necrosis only while only epithelioid granulomas were seen in 30 cases (23.1%). AFB positivity was seen in 82 cases with maximum AFB positivity (78.3%) seen in cases with necrosis only.Conclusions: FNAC is a rapid diagnostic technique because of its simplicity, cost effectiveness, early availability of results and minimal invasion. FNAC is a reliable and sensitive first line investigation in diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis combined with AFB staining.
The prevalence of obesity and the factors affecting obesity in the students of secondary education
Authors: Gokosmanoglu Feyzi , Cengiz Hasret , Varim Ceyhun , Yaylaci Selcuk , Nalbant Ahmet , Karacaer Cengiz
Published: July 2019

Background: Childhood obesity has reached alarming dimensions all around the world. In this study, our objective is to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity in the secondary education as well as genetic, cultural and environmental factors giving rise to obesity, nutritional habits, family history and activity status.Methods: The research was performed on 750 students aged between 14-18. Body Mass Index (BMI= weight/height2 (kg/m²)) and Relative Body Mass Index (Rel BMI)  values of each child were calculated by making use of their height and weight measurements. An evaluation was made through the use of a questionnaire form consisting of 46 questions that questioned the family history, nutritional habits and activity status of the children at issue.Results: About 41.7% of 750 children incorporated into the study were female, whereas 58.2% of them were male. The age distribution was between the age range, 14-18. According to BMI values, 12.3% of the children were overweight, while 4% of them were obese. According to Relative BMI values, on the other hand, 10.4% of the children were overweight, whereas 12.9% of them were obese. When the children’s nutritional habits, activity status and family history were evaluated, we ascertained that doing physical exercises irregularly, consuming pastry foods at home and the presence of obesity history within the family had all led to the development of obesity as well as being overweight (p <0.05).Conclusions: In these research subjects comprising children of secondary education, we showed that the nutritional habits, cultural nutritional differences and the insufficiency in physical activities as well as the genetic susceptibility in children could be the determinants in obesity development.
A cross sectional study on knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding swine flu in urban slum of Hyderabad, India
Authors: Pattnaik Snigdha , Khader Rayyan Abdul
Published: July 2019

Background: The study was conducted in the Urban slum area, Shekpet, Hyderabad, India which is the field practice area of Apollo Medical college.Methods: The aims was to study the awareness regarding symptoms, mode of spread and preventive measures of swine flu in the study population and to study the sources of information and health care seeking pattern of the population. Pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect information onsocio -demographic characteristics (age, sex, education and occupation), knowledge and awareness about the disease (nature, mode of spread/transmission, clinical features, preventive measures and precautions).Results: Majority were unaware of spread of Swine Flu from Pigs. 32% of them said it spreads through coughing and 27% through sneezing. About 15% of them said it spreads by sharing same room.Conclusions: The cross sectional study, was taken up during the recent outbreak of Swine flu in Hyderabad. Knowledge, Attitude and Prevention practices of the infection, was carried out in the urban slum of Shaikpet area the study will create awareness of the disease and its preventive measures among the people. Thus, it would reduce the incidence of occurrences of the disease in future.