bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Variational Formulations of Fluid Wave–Current Interaction
Authors: Holm Darryl D.
Published: December 2020

We are modelling multiscale, multi-physics uncertainty in wave–current interaction (WCI). To model uncertainty in WCI, we introduce stochasticity into the wave dynamics of two classic models of WCI, namely the generalised Lagrangian mean (GLM) model and the Craik–Leibovich (CL) model. The key idea for the GLM approach is the separation of the Lagrangian (fluid) and Eulerian (wave) degrees of freedom in Hamilton’s principle. This is done by coupling an Euler–Poincaréreduced Lagrangianfor the current flow and aphase-space Lagrangianfor the wave field. WCI in the GLM model involves the nonlinear Doppler shift in frequency of the Hamiltonian wave subsystem, which arises because the waves propagate in the frame of motion of the Lagrangian-mean velocity of the current. In contrast, WCI in the CL model arises because the fluid velocity is defined relative to the frame of motion of the Stokes mean drift velocity, which is usually taken to be prescribed, time independent and driven externally. We compare the GLM and CL theories by placing them both into the general framework of a stochastic Hamilton’s principle for a 3D Euler–Boussinesq (EB) fluid in a rotating frame. In other examples, we also apply the GLM and CL methods to add wave physics and stochasticity to the familiar 1D and 2D shallow water flow models. The differences in the types of stochasticity which arise for GLM and CL models can be seen by comparing the Kelvin circulation theorems for the two models. The GLM model acquires stochasticity in its Lagrangian transport velocity for the currents and also in its group velocity for the waves. However, the CL model is based on defining the Eulerian velocity in the integrand of the Kelvin circulation relative to the Stokes drift velocity induced by waves driven externally. Thus, the Kelvin theorem for the stochastic CL model can accept stochasticity in its both its integrand and in the Lagrangian transport velocity of its circulation loop. In an “Appendix”, we also discuss dynamical systems analogues of WCI.
The Effect of Iron Impurities on Transition Metal Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Environment: Activity Mediators or Active Sites?
Authors: Spanos Ioannis , Masa Justus , Zeradjanin Aleksandar , Schlögl Robert
Published: December 2020

There is an ongoing debate on elucidating the actual role of Fe impurities in alkaline water electrolysis, acting either as reactivity mediators or as co-catalysts through synergistic interaction with the main catalyst material. This perspective summarizes the most prominent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanisms mostly for Ni-based oxides as model transition metal catalysts and highlights the effect of Fe incorporation on the catalyst surface in the form of impurities originating from the electrolyte or co-precipitated in the catalyst lattice, in modulating the OER reaction kinetics, mechanism and stability.

Graphic Abstract
On the Reconstruction of the Center of a Projection by Distances and Incidence Relations
Authors: Pongrácz András , Vincze Csaba
Published: December 2020

Up to an orientation-preserving symmetry, photographic images are produced by a central projection of a restricted area in the space into the image plane. To obtain reliable information about physical objects and the environment through the process of recording is the basic problem of photogrammetry. We present a reconstruction process based on distances from the center of projection and incidence relations among the points to be projected. For any triplet of collinear points in the space, we construct a surface of revolution containing the center of the projection. It is a generalized conic that can be represented as an algebraic surface. The rotational symmetry allows us to restrict the investigations to the defining polynomial of the profile curve in the image plane. An equivalent condition for the boundedness is given in terms of the input parameters, and it is shown that the defining polynomial of the profile curve is irreducible.
Correction to: Prediction of numbers of the accumulative confirmed patients (NACP) and the plateau phase of 2019-nCoV in China
Authors: Pei Lijun
Published: December 2020

The article “Prediction of numbers of the accumulative confirmed patients (NACP) and the plateau phase of 2019-nCoV in China”, written by Lijun Pei was originally published Online First without Open Access.
CHALLENGES OF THE FARS NEOLITHIC CHRONOLOGY: AN APPRAISAL
Authors: Khanipour Morteza , Niknami Kamalaldin , Abe Masashi
Published: December 2020

Over the past few decades, several excavations that have been performed in the Fars Neolithic sites have resulted in the presentation of different chronologies for the region. Most of the research in Fars centered on the Kur River Basin (KRB). Fars has always had a different environment for the formation of different cultures over time, therefore, in order to reach a better understanding of the prehistoric cultures of the region it is necessary to make a brief review of the geographical zones of the plains and valleys of Fars province. Taking into account the existence of several questions and ambiguities regarding Neolithic Fars, the Hormangan site, located in the Bavant River Basin, was excavated. During the excavation, two settlement phases were identified that contained cultural materials relatively comparable to Tol-e Mushki, Tol-e Jari B, Kushk Hezar, and Rahmat Abad sequences. The goal of this paper is to explore the absolute chronology of the Hormangan site as well as other Neolithic sites located in the northern half of the Fars region with a special reference to the local cultural and technological sides of different Neolithic sites throughout the region. Bearing in mind the similarities of Bashi materials with Hormangan, Rahmat Abad, and Mushki regions and the absolute chronology of these regions, consideration of Bashi phase does not seem logical. Therefore, by comparing the cultural materials and absolute chronology done in other regions, a sequence chronology including Rahmat Abad (7500–7000 BC), formative Mushki (7000–6400 BC), Mushki (6400–6000 BC), Jari (6000–5600 BC), and Shams Abad (5600–5200 BC) for the Neolithic period of Fars can be presented. According to the excavation of Rahmatabad and Tal-e Sangi, it seems that Fars was inhabited in the middle of the 8th millennium BC and the Neolithic package entered this area, and there is no evidence of the Neolithization process. In the past, the Mushaki period was introduced as the oldest pottery Neolithic period, but with new excavations, it seems that the use of pottery had become common in Fars, as in many parts of Southwest Asia, around 7000 BC.
Device-measured sedentary behaviour and anxiety symptoms during adolescence: a 6-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Kandola A. , Lewis G. , Osborn D. P. J. , Stubbs B. , Hayes J. F.
Published: December 2020

Background

Sedentary behaviour is potentially a modifiable risk factor for anxiety disorders, a major source of global disability that typically starts during adolescence. This is the first prospective study of associations between repeated, device-based measures of sedentary behaviour and anxiety symptoms in adolescents.

Methods

A UK cohort with 4257 adolescents aged 12 at baseline (56% female). Main exposures were sedentary behaviour and physical activity measured using accelerometers for 7-days at ages 12, 14, and 16. Primary outcome was anxiety symptom scores at age 18 from a Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised. We used adjusted negative binomial regression and iso-temporal substitution methods to analyse the data.

Results

We found a positive association between sedentary behaviour at ages 12, 14, and 16, with anxiety symptoms at age 18, independent of total physical activity volume. Theoretically replacing an hour of daily sedentary behaviour for light activity at ages 12, 14, and 16, was associated with lower anxiety symptoms by age 18 by 15.9% (95% CI 8.7–22.4), 12.1% (95% CI 3.4–20.1), and 14.7% (95% CI 4–24.2), respectively. Whereas, theoretically replacing an hour of sedentary behaviour with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was not associated with differences in anxiety symptoms. These results were robust to a series of sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

Sedentary behaviour is a possible risk factor for increasing anxiety symptoms during adolescence, independent of total physical activity volume. Instead of focusing on moderate-to-vigorous activity, replacing daily sedentary behaviour with light activity during adolescence could be a more suitable method of reducing future anxiety symptoms.
Story incentive: the effect of national stories on voter turnout
Authors: Shenhav Shaul R. , Sheafer Tamir , Zoizner Alon , van Hoof Anita , Kleinnijenhuis Jan , Kaplan Yael Rivkah , Hopmann David Nicolas
Published: December 2020

This article contends that an important driver of turnout is the national stories embraced by citizens. We suggest the notion of ‘story incentive,’ whereby adopting a group’s story components – those that connect the past, the future, and prominent national characters – motivates individuals to participate in that group’s political activities. Leaning on narrative theories and studies on voter turnout, we develop and test hypotheses regarding the effect of story components on the likelihood of voting. Our measurements of story incentives are based on election surveys and encompass Denmark, Israel, the Netherlands, the UK, and the US. The results support the main story-incentive hypothesis. We discuss the theoretical ramifications of the connection between adherence to national stories and voter turnout.
Mantle Transition Zone Receiver Functions for Bermuda: Automation, Quality Control, and Interpretation
Authors: Burky Alexander L. , Irving Jessica C. E. , Simons Frederik J.
Published: December 2020

The origin of the Bermuda rise remains ambiguous, despite, or perhaps because of, the existence of sometimes incongruous seismic wave‐speed and discontinuity models in the sub‐Bermudian mantle. Hence, whether Bermuda is the surface manifestation of a mantle plume remains in question. Using the largest data set of seismic records from Bermuda to date, we estimate radial receiver functions at the Global Seismographic Network station BBSR in multiple frequency bands, using iterative time‐domain deconvolution. Motivated by synthetic experiments using axisymmetric spectral‐element forward waveform modeling, we devise a quality metric for our receiver functions to aid in the automation and reproduction of mantle transition zone discontinuity studies. We interpret the complex signals we observe by considering the mineralogical controls on mantle transition zone discontinuity structure, and conclude that our results are likely to be indicative of a thicker than average mantle transition zone. Our result is incompatible with the canonical model of a whole mantle plume in an olivine dominated mantle; however, considerations of phase transitions in the garnet system would allow us to reconcile our observations with the possible presence of a through‐going hot thermal anomaly beneath Bermuda.
Simulating the Effects of Surface Energy Partitioning on Convective Organization: Case Study and Observations in the US Southern Great Plains
Authors: Dai Yi , Williams Ian N. , Qiu Shaoyue
Published: December 2020

Realistic cloud‐resolving simulations were performed to study the effects of surface energy partitioning (surface sensible and latent heat fluxes) on the organization of isolated convection into larger mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) near the US Southern Great Plains. The role of cold pools in mediating surface‐convection interactions was explored. Better organized MCSs tended to occur in the experiments with perturbed wetter soil (and more active vegetation), regardless of the effects of soil moisture on the diurnal timing of convective triggering. Wetter soil led to shallower boundary layers and more convective available potential energy than drier soil. The roles of cold pools on convection are lifecycle‐stage dependent: A dry surface allows more numerous colliding cold pools, thereby aiding in convective triggering by reducing entrainment in the early stages, and providing gust‐front uplift in later stages. However, horizontal propagation of the cold‐pool density current can outrun the convective system, creating a slantwise updraft and thus weakening the gust front uplift in later stages. This effect calls into question previous cold pool parameterizations, in which the gust front uplift is mainly proportional to the negative buoyancy of cold air. Lastly, both the model and observation show an enhancement of surface latent heat flux during the passage of a gust front at night, suggesting that a positive feedback between the surface and convection helps MCSs to persist into the nighttime.
Monsoon‐Enhanced Silicate Weathering as a New Atmospheric CO2 Consumption Mechanism Contributing to Fast Late Miocene Global Cooling
Authors: Yang Yibo , Ye Chengcheng , Galy Albert , Fang Xiaomin , Xue Yong , Liu Yudong , Yang Rongsheng , Zhang Ran , Han Wenxia , Zhang Weilin , Ruan Xiaobai
Published: December 2020

Fast late Miocene global cooling since ∼7 Ma accompanied by less changeable atmospheric CO2 levels revealed by existing proxy reconstructions has suggested an intriguing tectonic‐climate link that remains controversial. Here, we present late Cenozoic clay mineral records of the silicate weathering intensity from the Chinese Loess Plateau and northeastern Tibetan Plateau to demonstrate a remarkable increase in silicate weathering intensity at ∼9–7 Ma induced by enhanced monsoon. This change caused CO2 consumption ranging from 0.18 to 1.8 × 1011 mol C yr−1 over the East Asian monsoon region, accounting for 0.2%–2% of the modern continental silicate weathering flux, thus providing an additional atmospheric CO2 sink. Moreover, we propose that this additional sink may have contributed to the large atmospheric CO2 consumption and fast global cooling in the late Miocene, which ultimately caused the onset of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation at ∼7 Ma.
Differential proteomic analysis by SWATH-MS unravels the most dominant mechanisms underlying yeast adaptation to non-optimal temperatures under anaerobic conditions
Authors: Pinheiro Tânia , Lip Ka Ying Florence , García-Ríos Estéfani , Querol Amparo , Teixeira José , van Gulik Walter , Guillamón José Manuel , Domingues Lucília
Published: December 2020

Elucidation of temperature tolerance mechanisms in yeast is essential for enhancing cellular robustness of strains, providing more economically and sustainable processes. We investigated the differential responses of three distinct Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, an industrial wine strain, ADY5, a laboratory strain, CEN.PK113-7D and an industrial bioethanol strain, Ethanol Red, grown at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures under chemostat conditions. We employed anaerobic conditions, mimicking the industrial processes. The proteomic profile of these strains in all conditions was performed by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra-mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS), allowing the quantification of 997 proteins, data available via ProteomeXchange (PXD016567). Our analysis demonstrated that temperature responses differ between the strains; however, we also found some common responsive proteins, revealing that the response to temperature involves general stress and specific mechanisms. Overall, sub-optimal temperature conditions involved a higher remodeling of the proteome. The proteomic data evidenced that the cold response involves strong repression of translation-related proteins as well as induction of amino acid metabolism, together with components related to protein folding and degradation while, the high temperature response mainly recruits amino acid metabolism. Our study provides a global and thorough insight into how growth temperature affects the yeast proteome, which can be a step forward in the comprehension and improvement of yeast thermotolerance.
Leaf proteome modulation and cytological features of seagrass Cymodocea nodosa in response to long-term high CO2 exposure in volcanic vents
Authors: Piro Amalia , Bernardo Letizia , Serra Ilia Anna , Barrote Isabel , Olivé Irene , Costa Monya M. , Lucini Luigi , Santos Rui , Mazzuca Silvia , Silva João
Published: December 2020

Seagrass Cymodocea nodosa was sampled off the Vulcano island, in the vicinity of a submarine volcanic vent. Leaf samples were collected from plants growing in a naturally acidified site, influenced by the long-term exposure to high CO2 emissions, and compared with others collected in a nearby meadow living at normal pCO2 conditions. The differential accumulated proteins in leaves growing in the two contrasting pCO2 environments was investigated. Acidified leaf tissues had less total protein content and the semi-quantitative proteomic comparison revealed a strong general depletion of proteins belonging to the carbon metabolism and protein metabolism. A very large accumulation of proteins related to the cell respiration and to light harvesting process was found in acidified leaves in comparison with those growing in the normal pCO2 site. The metabolic pathways linked to cytoskeleton turnover also seemed affected by the acidified condition, since a strong reduction in the concentration of cytoskeleton structural proteins was found in comparison with the normal pCO2 leaves. Results coming from the comparative proteomics were validated by the histological and cytological measurements, suggesting that the long lasting exposure and acclimation of C. nodosa to the vents involved phenotypic adjustments that can offer physiological and structural tools to survive the suboptimal conditions at the vents vicinity.
Microbial community composition in the rhizosphere of Larix decidua under different light regimes with additional focus on methane cycling microorganisms
Authors: Praeg Nadine , Illmer Paul
Published: December 2020

Microbial community and diversity in the rhizosphere is strongly influenced by biotic and/or abiotic factors, like root exudates, nutrient availability, edaphon and climate. Here we report on the microbial diversity within the rhizosphere of Larix decidua, a dominant tree species in the Alps, as compared with the microbiome within the surrounding soil. We describe how increased light intensity influenced the rhizobiome and put emphasize on methane cycling microorganisms. Microbial taxa were classified into 26 bacterial, 4 archaeal and 6 fungal phyla revealing significant differences between bulk and rhizosphere soils. The dominant prokaryotic phyla were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria (both, rhizosphere and bulk soil) and Bacteroidetes (rhizosphere soil only) and dominant fungal phyla in both fractions included Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The rhizosphere community was indicated by Suillus sp., plant growth-promoting bacteria and Candidatus Saccharibacteria. Predicted genes in membrane transport and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly more abundant in rhizosphere soils while genes connected with energy metabolisms and cell motility increased in bulk soils. Dominant methanotrophic microorganisms were Upland Soil Cluster (USC) α methanotrophs, Methylogaea spp. and Methylosinus spp., while most methanogens belonged to Methanomassiliicoccales. The overall abundance of methanotrophs distinctly increased in the rhizosphere but to a very different species-specific extent. The increased light intensity only led to minor changes in the rhizobiome, nevertheless a couple of indicator species (e.g. Pseudomonas sp.) for intensified light conditions were established.
Analysis and synthesis of a growing network model generating dense scale-free networks via category theory
Authors: Haruna Taichi , Gunji Yukio-Pegio
Published: December 2020

We propose a growing network model that can generate dense scale-free networks with an almost neutral degree−degree correlation and a negative scaling of local clustering coefficient. The model is obtained by modifying an existing model in the literature that can also generate dense scale-free networks but with a different higher-order network structure. The modification is mediated by category theory. Category theory can identify a duality structure hidden in the previous model. The proposed model is built so that the identified duality is preserved. This work is a novel application of category theory for designing a network model focusing on a universal algebraic structure.
Barcode signal amplifying strategy for sensitive and accurate protein detection on LC-MS/MS
Authors: Shu Chang , Li Teng-Fei , Li Duo , Li Zhong-Qiu , Xia Xing-Hua
Published: December 2020

Protein drugs showing strong pharmaceutical activity, high specificity, and low toxicity and side effects have drawn extensive attention in the field of life sciences and medicine.
Gold nanoplates with superb photothermal efficiency and peroxidase-like activity for rapid and synergistic antibacterial therapy
Authors: Yan Lu , Mu Jie , Ma Pengxin , Li Qian , Yin Pengxue , Liu Xuan , Cai Yuanyuan , Yu Haipeng , Liu Junchong , Wang Guoqing , Liu Aihua
Published: December 2020

Gold nanoplates exhibit 68.5% photothermal conversion efficiency and peroxidase-like activity, and AuNPTs (50 μg mL−1)/H2O2 (0.1 mM)/NIR (1 W cm−2, 3 min) show excellent synergistic antibacterial ability and promote MRSA-infected wound healing in vivo.
Metal–metal multiple bond formation induced by σ-acceptor Lewis acid ligands
Authors: Takemoto Shin , Yoshii Kaname , Yamano Takahiro , Tsurusaki Akihiro , Matsuzaka Hiroyuki
Published: December 2020

The first Lewis acid-induced metal–metal multiple bond formation affords π-complexes of a RuRu double bond with σ-acceptor Zn(ii), Sn(ii), and Pb(ii) ligands.
Chirality in porous self-assembled monolayer networks at liquid/solid interfaces: induction, reversion, recognition and transfer
Authors: Tobe Yoshito , Tahara Kazukuni , De Feyter Steven
Published: December 2020

The article describes chirality induction and reversal, recognition in bilayer formation and transfer in grafting to the basal graphitic surface relevant to the porous self-assembled monolayer networks formed by chiral triangular building blocks.
Photocatalyst and additive-free visible light induced trifluoromethylation–arylation ofN-arylacrylamides with Umemoto's reagent
Authors: Chen Lingling , Ma Pengju , Yang Bo , Zhao Xu , Huang Xuan , Zhang Junmin
Published: December 2020

A visible light induced highly convenient and practical method for the trifluoromethyl–arylation ofN-arylmethacrylamides has been developed using Umemoto*s reagent as the trifluoromethyl source.
Regioselective side-chain amination of 2-alkyl azacycles by radical translocation: total synthesis of tetraponerine T8
Authors: Griggs Samuel D. , Martin-Roncero Alejandro , Nelson Adam , Marsden Stephen P.
Published: December 2020

Radical translocation facilitates the regioselective γ-amination of 2-alkyl-substituted azacycles, leading to 1,3-diamines including the alkaloidal natural product tetraponerine T8.
Exploration of two-dimensional perovskites incorporating methylammonium for high performance solar cells
Authors: Jung Mi-Hee
Published: December 2020

We investigated the structural and optical properties of various 2-dimensional perovskites by incorporating them into a 3-dimensional (3D) perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) to address the disadvantages of the existing 3D perovskite.
Membrane packing defects in synaptic vesicles recruit complexin and synuclein
Authors: Liu Jie , Bu Bing , Crowe Michael , Li Dechang , Diao Jiajie , Ji Baohua
Published: December 2020

Higher membrane curvature is associated with more lipid packing defects. The preferential association of complexin and synuclein to synaptic vesicles is attributed to the preferential interaction between the protein and the packing defects.
Monolayer Janus Te2Se-based gas sensor to detect SO2 and NOx: a first-principles study
Authors: Zhu Bao , Zheng Kai , Chen Xianping , Qiu Jian , Guo Haojie , Zhang Fusheng , Lang Lei , Yu Jiabing , Bao Jiading
Published: December 2020

In this study, the adsorption of gas molecules, such as O2, NH3, CO, CO2, H2O, NOx (x = 1, 2) and SO2, on Janus Te2Se monolayer has been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Coupled nuclear–electronic decay dynamics of O2 inner valence excited states revealed by attosecond XUV wave-mixing spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Yen-Cheng , Fidler Ashley P. , Sandhu Arvinder , Lucchese Robert R. , McCurdy C. William , Leone Stephen R. , Neumark Daniel M.
Published: December 2020

Attosecond XUV wave-mixing spectroscopy probes the few-fs decay dynamics of the short-lived 3sσg Rydberg state of O2.
Highly sensitive determination of dissolved ultra-trace phosphorus by ICP-MS with methane mixed plasma
Authors: Zhang Ying , Qu Jianguo , Chang Yan , Li Yue
Published: December 2020

The CH4-ICP-MS significantly improves the sensitivity of phosphorus detection by 2.9-fold. It has a low LOD and can measure low-phosphorus samples such as Arctic glacier meltwater. And it can also directly measure seawater after dilution.
A rapid and simple single-step method for Mg separation from carbonates for isotopic analysis by MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Zong Chunlei , Bao Zhian , Nie Xiaojuan , Zhang Yan , Chen Kaiyun , Yuan Honglin
Published: December 2020

A new simple and rapid method was developed for the purification of Mg from carbonate samples, especially for calcite-rich carbonates.
Magnetic investigation in di- and tetranuclear lanthanide complexes
Authors: Wu Jianfeng , Liu Dan , Yang Qianqian , Ge Yan , Tang Jinkui , Qi Zhenhui
Published: December 2020

Dinuclear and tetranuclear dysprosium-based complexes have been constructed by using a crab-like hydrazone ligand, with the former acting as a typical single-molecule magnet and the later showing diamagnetic ground state.
Cancer photocytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory response of cis-A2B2 type meso-p-nitrophenyl and p-hydroxyphenyl porphyrin and its zinc(ii) complex: a synthetic alternative to the THPP synthon
Authors: Sharma Debdulal , Mazumder Zeaul H. , Sengupta Devashish , Mukherjee Avinaba , Sengupta Mahuya , Das Ranjan Kumar , Barbhuiya Monjur Hassan , Palit Partha , Jha Tarun
Published: December 2020

In comparison with the popular synthetic synthon THPP, the cis-A2B2 type of porphyrin derivative and its zinc(ii) complex PN2(OH)2Zn offer more promising photochemical and photobiological outcomes.
Correction: Direct electrodeposition of cationic pillar[6]arene-modified graphene oxide composite films and their host–guest inclusions for enhanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Duan Qunpeng , Wang Lijie , Wang Fei , Zhang Hongsong , Lu Kui
Published: December 2020

Correction for ‘Direct electrodeposition of cationic pillar[6]arene-modified graphene oxide composite films and their host–guest inclusions for enhanced electrochemical performance’ by Qunpeng Duan et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 21954–21962, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA03138K.
Laurent Mermet : passeur de frontières négociées pied à pied
Authors: Treyer Sébastien
Published: December 2020

Laurent Mermet a construit un parcours intellectuel extrêmement original au sein des communautés de recherche sur l’environnement, autant en France qu’au niveau international, à la croisée entre recherche et action. Centrées sur l’analyse stratégique de la gestion de l’environnement, ses contributions ont animé et alimenté de nombreux collectifs de recherche : sur la concertation et la participation, la négociation, l’évaluation, la prospective, mais aussi au sein de disciplines comme les sciences de gestion, l’économie, l’écologie et la communauté interdisciplinaire queNSSrassemble. Alors qu’il est disparu trop tôt en juin 2019, cet article pointe la diversité et la cohérence de toutes ces contributions, et souligne leur pertinence pour faire face aux crises et transformations en cours dans nos sociétés.
Premières mesures photométriques : De Léonard de Vinci à Pierre Bouguer
Authors: Simonot Lionel
Published: December 2020

Comment mesurer une quantité de lumière ? Cette question fondamentale pour toute expérience optique n’allait pas de soi jusqu’au XVIIIe siècle. Il fallait inventer un instrument et un protocole de mesure utilisant le seul photodétecteur alors disponible : l’œil humain. Plusieurs savants et quelques grands peintres contribuèrent sur plus de deux siècles à l’élaboration du premier photomètre.
Die operative Therapie von Kraniosynostosen
Authors: Lütke Martin , Kaya Helin , Gliemroth Jan
Published: December 2020

Aus dem gesamten Bundesgebiet kommen Eltern mit ihren Neugeborenen an die Klinik für Neurochirurgie des Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, um Schädeldeformitäten bereits im Säuglingsalter operieren zu lassen. Durch diese Operation wird nicht nur die Entwicklung des Schädelinnenraums korrigiert, sondern auch ein positives kosmetisches Ergebnis erreicht. Wie der Eingriff im Detail abläuft, schildert das Lübecker OP-Team.
Pankreatische Neuroendokrine Tumoren
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: December 2020

Pankreatische Neuroendokrine Tumoren (p-NET) machen etwa 1–2 % aller Malignome des Pankreas aus. Die chirurgische Resektion ist zwar ein therapeutisches Standbein. Das therapeutische Management sollte jedoch multidisziplinär zusammen mit Pathologen, Radiologen und Onkologen erfolgen. Entscheidend für das therapeutische Vorgehen sind eine genaue Diagnose und ein exaktes Staging. Eine französische Arbeitsgruppe beleuchtet in einem aktuellen Review den therapeutischen Stellenwert einer chirurgischen Resektion.
Piperazine: A Promising Scaffold with Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Potential
Authors: Jain Akash , Chaudhary Jasmine , Khaira Harpreet , Chopra Bhawna , Dhingra Ashwani
Published: December 2020

Piperazine, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic has acquired an inimitable position in medicinal chemistry because of its versatile structure, which has fascinated researchers to design novel piperazine based molecules having various biological actions. The subsistence of various compounds possessing diverse pharmacological activities in the literature further confirms this fact. Currently available analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with side effects that limit their use. Moreover, the literature reveals the incredible anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of piperazine derivatives along with their method of synthesis, therefore; the present review has been designed to collate the development made in this area that will surely be advantageous in designing novel piperazine based candidates with enhanced efficacy and less toxicity. An extensive literature survey was carried by scrutinizing peer reviewed articles from worldwide scientific databases available on GOOGLE, SCOPUS, PUBMED, and only relevant studies published in English were considered.
Pflegepersonalbemessung: „Wir brauchen eine verbindliche Zielvorgabe“
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: December 2020

Die PPR 2.0 liegen dem Bundesgesundheitsministerium seit Januar vor – eine Interimslösung. Doch wie steht es um diese momentan genau und wie geht es weiter? Im Gespräch mit kma erklärte Pflegeratspräsident Dr. h.c. Franz Wagner, warum ein Startschuss jetzt endlich erfolgen muss.
ÖVKT 2020: Das verflixte 25. Jahr
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: December 2020

„Leben ist, was passiert, während Du andere Pläne machst.“ Diese Weisheit von John Lennon formuliert sehr präzise, was wir in diesem denkwürdigen Jahr 2020 quasi in Wiederholungsschleife erlebten. Auch die Feierlichkeiten zum 25. „Geburtstag“ des ÖVKT hatten sich Vorstand und Mitglieder anders vorgestellt.
CSES observations of ELF wave radiation excited by the EISCAT heater
Authors: Yang Jutao , Li Qingliang , Lu Hong , Che Haiqin , Hao Shuji , Guo Feng , Wu Jian , Lyu Libin , Chen Jing , Ma Guanglin , Xu Tong
Published: December 2020

Modulation heating of the ionosphere using high-power high-frequency (HF) radio waves can generate an extremely low frequency (ELF) radiation source in the ionosphere, such as amplitude-modulation (AM) heating of the auroral electrojet or using two HF radio waves to illuminate the same region of the ionosphere to form beat-wave (BW) modulation. We first present observations of ELF waves received on the China seismo-electromagnetic satellite (CSES) and on the ground simultaneously, which were excited in the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) modulation heating experiment carried out alternately in the AM and BW modes. When the CSES passed over the EISCAT heater, ELF waves excited in the AM and BW modes were received successfully by an electric field detector on board. The comparison of the received results between the satellite and the ground demonstrates that although the intensity of the ELF signals excited in the BW mode is far lower than that in the AM mode on the ground, the ratio of ELF wave intensities between the satellite and the ground in the BW mode is significantly larger than that in the AM mode. According to the experimental results, the propagation characteristics are simulated using the full-wave method when the ELF radiation sources are located in the D and F regions in the ionosphere.
Amplification of separated electric charge field due to the capture of laser-produced fast electrons oscillating near thin target
Authors: Gus'kov S. Yu.
Published: December 2020

The effect of increasing strength of the electric field of separated charge due to the capture of laser-accelerated fast electrons in a thin solid target is theoretically substantiated. The target considered is so thin that a fast electron passes through the target during the time less than at least half of the applied laser pulse with the additional requirement that energy loss of a fast electron in the balk target is negligible compared to the energy transfer to ions accelerated in a sheath field. An analytical model is proposed of sheath field formation when fast electrons oscillate due to their reflections in the double layers at both boundaries of a thin target. It is shown that the increasing density of fast electrons inside the double layer and shortening of this layer are the reasons of sheath field strength amplification in a thin target in comparison with a thick target. The increase in the number and the energy of fast ions due to field amplification in a thin target is discussed.
Numerical investigation of surface curvature effect on the self-propelled capability of coalesced drops
Authors: Chen Yan , Islam Ahmed , Sussman Mark , Lian Yongsheng
Published: December 2020

We numerically investigate the curvature effect on the self-propelled capability of coalesced drops. The numerical method is based on a well validated multiphase flow solver that solves the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. The liquid–air interface is captured using the moment of fluid method, and a direction splitting method is applied to advect the interface. Afterward, an approximate projection method is used to decouple the calculation of velocity and pressure. Different cases were validated by comparing the experimental results with the simulation results. The coalescence-induced jumping behavior on a flat surface is carefully captured using this numerical method. To investigate the effect of curvature of a curvy substrate on the self-jumping behavior, a case with a single drop impinging on a convex surface and a case with two drops’ coalescence on a fiber are also studied and compared with the experimental results. The asymmetric bouncing of a single drop on the convex surface leads to 40% reduction in contact time, as found in our study. Our study also reveals that due to the curvature of the wedge, the drop forms a lobe shaped region on the symmetric sides of the wedge. The lobed region forces the drop to convert more surface energy into kinetic energy in the upward direction. The jumping capability is improved by increasing the surface curvature. Our study also shows that at lower angles of contact, the drops can easily get attached to the substrate and, at the same time, have difficulty detaching from the substrate.
On the similarities between the resonance behaviors of water balloons and water drops
Authors: Chang Chun-Ti
Published: December 2020

In this study, the resonance of water balloons is examined, and an understanding of their dynamics in terms of our knowledge about resonating sessile drops is reported. The focus is the regime in which the competition between surface and inertial forces dominates the dynamics of the balloon. In experiments, water balloons are mechanically oscillated along their axes of symmetry, and their responses are observed through optical imaging. The observations are compared to the resonance of sessile drops. Balloons differ from drops for having elasticity in place of surface tension. Different as balloons and drops may seem, this study reveals great similarities between them: a resemblance of their normalized pressure–volume curves, a one-to-one shape correspondence between their eigenmodes, and a close approximation of their normalized resonance frequencies. Based on these, turning a drop into a balloon preserves the drop’s mechanical response to a large extent. In fact, as a first approximation, the water balloons respond mechanically as water drops with a much higher surface tension.
Characterization of trap states in buried nitrogen-implanted β-Ga2O3
Authors: Mishra Abhishek , Moule Taylor , Uren Michael J , Wong Man Hoi , Goto Ken , Murakami Hisashi , Kumagai Yoshinao , Higashiwaki Masataka , Kuball Martin
Published: December 2020

The advent of acceptor-type doping of β-Ga2O3 through ion-implantation of nitrogen has opened a new design space for junction-type devices with estimated breakdown voltages in excess of a few kVs. However, the presence of deep states due to intrinsic defects in β-Ga2O3 and implantation damage could be detrimental to the performance and reliability of such devices. We give a phenomenological description and experimental demonstration of the effects of nitrogen implantation in a buried blocking layer on the performance of transistors. The partial activation of acceptor-like states in the buried implanted region has been revealed and estimated to be ∼20% through a junction spectroscopic technique involving substrate-bias and sub-bandgap illumination, which remains elusive to standard characterization techniques. The characterization technique, along with a space-charge model of the channel and band model of the buried implanted layer, has revealed the presence of photosensitive mid-bandgap (∼2.47 eV below the conduction band) and tail states near the valence band edge of nitrogen-implanted β-Ga2O3.
On a lower bound for the rate of convergence of multipoint Padé approximants of piecewise analytic functions
Authors: Buslaev V. I.
Published: December 2020

We obtain a lower bound for the rate of convergence of multipoint Padé approximants of functions holomorphically extendable from a compact set to a union of domains whose boundaries possess a symmetry property. The bound obtained matches a known upper bound for the same quantity.
Versal families of elliptic curves with rational 3-torsion
Authors: Bekker B. M. , Zarhin Yu. G.
Published: December 2020

For an arbitrary field of characteristic different from 2 and 3, we construct versal families of elliptic curves whose 3-torsion is either rational or isomorphic to

as a Galois module.

Bibliography: 10 titles.
Free online chlamydia and gonorrhoea urine test request in Queensland: sexually transmissible infections testing can be hard for young people even if the process is easy
Authors: Groos Anita , Peardon-Freeman Shelley , McFarlane Kim , Braithwaite Simone , Gajjar Deepa , Murch Pamela
Published: December 2020

Online options to request sexually transmissible infections testing are increasingly popular and a free online chlamydia and gonorrhoea urine testing service is available for people living in Queensland, Australia. Data from 3 August 2017 to 31 August 2019 provide information for 1316 reminder calls to young people (aged 16–29 years) to encourage sample submission. The reminder calls generated few additional samples for testing, suggesting young people may have changed their mind about using the service, sought testing elsewhere or were reluctant to talk further about their original decision to request a test online.
Proclus armeniacus
Authors: Jeck Udo Reinhold
Published: December 2020

a. Angeregt von den Hinweisen aus dem armenischen Kloster in St. Lazzaro (Venedig) (seit 1825), bemerkten einige, auf die
kaukasischen Hochkulturen spezialisierte europäische Orientalisten, die Rezeption der proklischen Philosophie in Armenien. 1874, nach fast
fünfzig Jahren Forschungsarbeit, standen (mit zahlreichen Ungenauigkeiten und Fehlern) folgende Ergebnisse fest: I. Im 9. Jahrhundert
übersetzte der Georgier Petrizi die Στοιχείωσις θεολογική ins Georgische und fügte Kommentare hinzu. Diese Vorlage nutzte der Armenier
Simeon für eine erste armenische Übersetzung des proklischen Opusculums. Später, in der Frühen Neuzeit (17. Jahrhundert), erkannte dann ein
anderer armenischer Gelehrter, der ebenfalls den Namen Simeon‘ trug, die Fehler dieser ersten Translation, verbesserte sie und verfasste
ebenfalls einen Kommentar dazu. Handschriften dieser zweiten Fassung befanden sich in Westeuropa sowie in armenischen Klöstern.

b. Eine umfangreiche Auseinandersetzung mit den armenischen Procliana fand in Europa allerdings nicht statt. Die Ursache
für diese verpasste Gelegenheit liegt vor allem am mangelnden Interesse an einem vertieften Studium der armenischen Philosophie und an
fehlenden philologischen Fachkenntnissen. Nur C. F. Neumann kann dabei als Ausnahme gelten. Er wäre aufgrund seiner philosophischen und
philologischen Ausbildung zu einer qualifizierten Auswertung der armenischen Procliana in der Lage gewesen. Er suchte sogar nach diesen
Materialien, aber seine Recherchen führten nicht zum gewünschten Erfolg. Später verlor er die Philosophie der Armenier aus den Augen und
überließ das Feld anderen. Deren Kenntnis des Proklos und seiner Philosophie hielt sich dagegen in engen Grenzen und ging nicht über die
Informationen lexikalischer Handbücher hinaus. Das entsprach dem Geist der Zeit, die im Neuplatonismus keine bedeutende philosophische
Strömung sah. Dennoch führten diese Untersuchungen zu Einsichten in die Geschichte der armenischen Philosophie.

c. Die armenischen Procliana standen im 19. Jahrhundert niemals im Mittelpunkt der Forschung. Daran hat sich bis heute
kaum etwas geändert. Ein Umdenken kann jedoch nur dann gelingen, wenn sich die Erkenntnis durchsetzt, dass auch Translationen als Dokumente
der interkulturellen Philosophie eine hohe Bedeutung besitzen und die Rekonstruktion derartiger Transfers zu wichtigen Ergebnissen führt;
Übersetzungen verknüpfen nicht nur Sprachwelten, sondern auch differente Weltdeutungen. Die armenischen Procliana bestätigen jedenfalls die
These, dass die Auffassung von separaten philosophischen Traditionen in Armenien und Georgien nur bedingt Gültigkeit besitzt.
Review of Poesová & Uličná (2019): Becoming a Pronunciation Teacher
Authors: Quesada Vázquez Leticia
Published: December 2020

This review critiques Červinková Poesová and Klára Uličná’s e-book Becoming a Pronunciation teacher. It offers an overview
and critical interpretation of the content, together with a display of its convenience as a practical handbook for EFL/ESL teachers and
researchers of second language pronunciation instruction. The review will evaluate the authors’ approach as well as its effectiveness as a
useful tool to enhance pronunciation teaching in EFL/ESL classrooms.
SNAP to attention: A SNARE complex regulates neuronal progenitor polarity
Authors: Tarabykin Victor
Published: December 2020

SNARE vesicle targeting complex controls the polarity of neuronal progenitors. Kunii et al. (2020. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201910080) show that the SNAP23–VAMP8–Syntaxin1B complex is required for membrane targeting of N-cadherin and formation of adherence junction complexes in radial glia neuronal progenitors, the major prerequisite of cell polarity establishment.
Moving a research lab during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Casadio Melina , Simon Dan
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has created additional challenges for mid-career investigators seeking new academic opportunities. JCB asked scientists to share their experiences of uprooting their research careers and laboratories during the pandemic.
High-spatial-resolution image reconstruction-based method for measuring electron temperature and density of the very near field of an applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic thruster
Authors: Han Xing , Zhang Zun , Chen Zhiyuan , Marano Marco , Tang Haibin , Cao Jinbin
Published: December 2020

A method based on image reconstruction is proposed for measuring the electron temperature (

T

e

) and density (

n

e

) distribution of the axisymmetric low-temperature argon plasma plume of applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters (AF-MPDTs). The method uses a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor camera with narrowband filters of 460 and 500 nm to obtain the raw projection images in specific wavelength ranges. An image reconstruction method is developed to construct relative emission intensity profiles. The electron temperature distribution can be obtained by combining the relative emission intensity ratio of two profiles with a simple argon kinetic model. The electron density distribution can be calculated by constructing a function of relative emission intensity containing

T

e

and

n

e

. To verify the feasibility of this method, we diagnosed a very near field plume of a 15 kW AF-MPDT and obtained the distribution of parameters with a spatial resolution of 0.23 mm. The results show that the maximum

T

e

and

n

e

are located on the centerline near the exit plane of the thruster and decrease with both radial and axial distances. The second peak appears in the radial direction of both the

T

e

and

n

e

distributions, while their zones do not overlap. A comparative analysis of measurement results obtained by this method and the Langmuir probe method is performed to prove its accuracy. Moreover, this measurement method has the advantages of high spatial resolution and the ability to diagnose high-density and magnetized plasma. This method can be also applied to other optically thin axisymmetric low-temperature argon plasmas.