bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Garlic Burn in a Patient with Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Case Report
Authors: Yilmaz H Huseyin , Gormez Ozlem , Hastar Esin , Yildirim Derya , Aksoy Muge Cina
Published: September 2019

Garlic is an herb which has been used by many cultures for treating various health problems for centuries. Uncontrolled use of herbal remedies, known as alternative treatment methods, may lead to side effects and serious treatment complications. This study aimed to draw attention to complications related to alternative treatment methods and to review the literature in the light of this case.

A female patient who had been treated for trigeminal neuralgia was admitted to our clinic complaining of severe pain on the left side of her face. In anamnesis, the patient reported that she had applied garlic topically to this region. Extraoral examination revealed a broad cutaneous burn on the same region. According to a dermatology consultation, a treatment for cutaneous burns was applied and severe trigeminal neuralgia pain was eliminated with glycerol injection by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:88-90)
Occlusal Characteristics of Deaf-Mute Individuals in the Turkish Population
Authors: Ciger Semra , Akan Seden
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To classify and determine the occlusal characteristics of deaf-mute individuals and its gender distribution in the Turkish population.

Methods: For this study, 213 deaf-mute individuals (155 boys and 58 girls) were evaluated. The age range was between 10–24 years, and the mean age was 16.37±2.53 years. Measurements were divided into four groups: dental, intraarch, interarch, and, extra data.

Results: Of the participants, 75.0% had a Class I molar relationship, whereas 13.0% and 8.0% had Class II and Class III malocclusions, respectively. 23.9% of individuals had a normal overbite, 38.4% had a deepbite, and 23.4% had an openbite. One or more congenitally missing teeth were found in 6.0% of individuals; 81.0% expressed satisfaction with their esthetics, and 19.0% expressed the contrary.

Conclusions: Different characteristics and malocclusions are present in deaf-mute individuals. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:128-136)
Effect of Hybrid Layer and Thickness on Stress Distribution of Cervical Wedge-Shaped Restorations
Authors: Eliguzeloglu Evrim , Eraslan Oguz , Omurlu Huma , Eskitascıoglu Gurcan , Belli Sema
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this finite elemental stress analysis study was to evaluate the effect of a hybrid layer and the hybrid layer thickness on the shear stress distribution in mandibular premolar teeth under occlusal loading.

Methods: The mandibular premolar tooth was selected based on the anatomical measurements suggested by Wheeler. The analysis was performed with a computer with the SAP 2000 structural analysis program. Three different mathematical models were evaluated; 1) composite restoration without a hybrid layer 2) composite restoration with a 1.5 μm thick hybrid layer and 3) composite restoration with a 3 μm thick hybrid layer. A total of 200 N of occlusal loading force was simulated from the buccal tubercule and central fossa of the premolar tooth. The findings were drawn by the Saplot program.

Results: In model B, the output showed that hybrid layer reduced the shear stress concentration especially on gingival margin of the composite. Similarly shear stress intensity was decreased by a thick hybrid layer in model C, especially on the gingival margin of the composite.

Conclusions: The hybrid layer and its thickness plays an important role on stress distribution and intensity in cervical restorations. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:160-165)
Oral Verrucous Carcinoma: A Study of 12 Cases
Authors: Alkan Alper , Bulut Emel , Gunhan Omer , Ozden Bora
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this clinical study was to identify a clinical and histopathological relationship between verrucous hyperplasia, verrucous keratosis, and verrucous carcinoma.

Methods: We evaluated 12 patients who had developed oral verrucous carcinoma in the past 10 years in a follow-up study. In this study, the diagnostic criteria included clinical and histopathological features of the lesions. Each lesion was examined by a single oral pathologist.

Results: All the patients were diagnosed with verrucous carcinoma following excisional biopsy. One patient was diagnosed with verrucous hyperplasia and another with verrucous keratosis in their initial histological findings. Mandibular, posterior alveolar crest, and retromolar trigone were the most affected sites (41.6%), followed by the buccal mucosa (16.6%), the palate (16.6%), the floor of the mouth (16.6%), and the lip (8.3%). No patients had evidence of recurrence after treatment.

Conclusions: Verrucous hyperplasia, verrucous keratosis, and verrucous carcinoma may not be distinguished clinically or may coexist, resulting in diagnostic difficulties. It should be kept in mind that verrucous hyperplasia may also develop from leukoplakic lesions, and it may transform into verrucous carcinoma or squamous-cell carcinoma, acting as a potential precancerous lesion. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:202-207)
Fluoride Release and Recharge from Different Materials Used as Fissure Sealants
Authors: Bayrak Sule , Tunc Emine Sen , Aksoy Abdurrahman , Ertas Ertan , Guvenc Dilek , Ozer Sezin
Published: September 2019

Objectives: Fluoride release/recharge properties of fissure sealants are important for their longterm inhibition of caries. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between fluoride release and recharge of pit-and-fissure sealants.

Methods: Specimens were prepared from 5 different sealant materials: Fissurit F, a conventional resin; Fuji VII, a glass-ionomer cement (GIC); Fuji II LC, a resin-modified GIC; Ionosit, a polyacidmodified composite resin (PMRC); and Aelite Flo, a flowable composite resin. Specimens stored in a polyethylene test tube containing 5.0 ml ultrapure water. On day 21, specimens were exposed to 1.23% APF gel. Fluoride release was measured using a fluoride-specific ion electrode at 1-7, 14, 21, 22, 28, 35 and 42 days.

Results: The glass-ionomer based sealants Fuji VII and Fuji II LC had significantly higher fluoride release than the other materials at all times tested (P<.05). Fluoride release of all materials tested increased following exposure to APF gel (P<.05).

Conclusions: Within the limitations of this short-term study, glass ionomer-based sealants were shown to have higher initial fluoride release as well as higher fluoride recharge capacity than other sealants. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:245-250)
Effect of Different Polymerization Methods on the Cytotoxicity of Dental Composites
Authors: Beriat Nilufer Celebi , Ertan Ahmet Atila , Canay Senay , Gurpinar Aylin , Onur Mehmet Ali
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effects of various dental composites polymerized with two different curing units.

Methods: Disc-shaped test samples of composites Filtek Z250, Filtek A110, Filtek P60, Filtek Supreme, and SDI Rok were polymerized using one quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) and one light emitting diode (LED) light curing unit (LCU), namely Optilux 501 (QTH) and Elipar Freelight 2 (LED). L-929 mouse fibroblast cultures (3x104 cells/ml) were incubated with the samples in 96 well culture plates for evaluation after 8, 24, 48, 72 h. At the end of each period, the cells were counted and examined under a light microscope, and a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed. The degree of cytotoxicity for each sample was determined according to the reference value represented by the cells in a control group (a culture without sample).

Results: A significant 3 factor interaction occurred among LCUs, composites, and time factors (P<.005). In general, the test materials cured with the LED LCU demonstrated higher cell survival rates when compared with those cured with halogen LCUs.

Conclusions: This study shows that polymerization of dental composites with a light emitting diode LCU positively influences the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell viability. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:287-292)
Solvent Retention of Contemporary Commercial Dentin Bonding Agents in a Demineralized Dentin Matrix
Authors: Garcia Georges , Parron Fernandes Karen Barros , Pimentel Garcia Fernanda Cristina , Perlatti D’Alpino Paulo Henrique , Svizero Nádia da Rocha , Wang Linda
Published: September 2019

Objectives: Solvents are ingredients in dentin-bonding agents (DBAs) that are essential to obtain efficient adhesion to dentin under wet-technique bonding protocol. However, an excess of solvents can compromise bonding durability. This study aimed to assess the retention of solvents present in different DBAs after their application to a demineralized dentin matrix.

Methods: Thirty-six specimens of bovine dentin were demineralized for 7 days in 0.5M EDTA and divided into six groups n=6 (Scotchbond primer, Adper Single Bond 2, Excite, AdheSE primer, Prime & Bond NT and Xeno III). These specimens were individually saturated by the systems for 5 min and then kept in vials protected against light exposure. Each specimen was measured using a digital balance and then measured at the following intervals 10, 20, 30 sec, 1, 2 and 5 min thereafter. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (alfa=.05).

Results: There were significant differences evident in Excite, Prime & Bond NT at 2 and 5 min, respectively. There was no significant interaction between materials and time in all experimented time evaluated. The amount of solvent spontaneously evaporated was limited even in acetone-based specimens.

Conclusions: After DBAs are applied, professionals may facilitate their evaporation, since spontaneous evaporation is limited. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:293-297)
Manejo Artroscópico de Pseudoartrosis de Escafoides con Deformidad en Joroba: Técnica Quirúrgica y Serie de Casos
Authors: Cifras V José Luis , Azócar S Camila , Sanhueza F Miguel , Cavalla A Pedro , Liendo V Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

Introducción La pseudoartrosis de escafoides con deformidad en joroba es una patología compleja que si no recibe tratamiento oportuno puede llevar a una deformidad avanzada, con colapso del carpo produciendo un deterioro significativo en la función de la muñeca. En la actualidad se considera como tratamiento estándar la reducción abierta de la deformidad utilizando injerto estructural.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir una técnica de reducción artroscópica, utilizando injerto no estructural para la no-unión de escafoides con deformidad en joroba. Se muestran los resultados obtenidos en una serie de casos manejados con la técnica propuesta.

Material y método Estudio retrospectivo de una serie de casos de pacientes diagnosticados con pseudoartrosis de escafoides con deformidad en joroba manejados con la técnica propuesta. Se describe la técnica quirúrgica. Se utiliza el programa STATA 15 para el análisis estadístico de los resultados, al igual que test de Wilcoxon para variables no paramétricas.

Resultados Once pacientes de sexo masculino, con edad promedio de 23,4 años, completaron seguimiento promedio de 12 meses. En todos los pacientes se comprobó consolidación de la no-unión mediante Tomografía Computada en un tiempo promedio de 9,1 semanas. Todos los pacientes mejoraron sus rangos de movilidad y ángulos imagenológicos de manera significativa y mejoraron en la prueba funcional de DASH (p = 0.0033).

Discusión Se muestra una técnica de reducción percutánea con asistencia artroscópica utilizando injerto no estructural para corregir la no-unión de escafoides con deformidad en joroba produciéndose buenos resultados clínicos con consolidación, en todos los pacientes de nuestra serie, similar a lo encontrado en la literatura internacional. Creemos que esa técnica permite una corrección parcial de la anatomía del carpo y favorece la consolidación ósea al tener las ventajas teóricas de una técnica mínimamente invasiva.
Cirugía Robótica en Artroplastia de Rodilla
Authors: Negrín Roberto , Duboy Jaime , Iñiguez Magaly , Reyes Nicolás , Wainer Mauricio , Infante Carlos , Ferrer Gonzalo , Gaggero Nicolás , Díaz Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

La cirugía protésica de rodilla es un procedimiento ampliamente aceptado como etapa final del tratamiento de la artrosis de rodilla, con sobrevida que supera el 90% a 10–15 años. Dentro de las principales causas de fallo, se encuentran la infección (20,4%) y el aflojamiento mecánico (20,3%). El uso de ayudas tecnológicas en cirugía está en constante desarrollo, con el objetivo de mejorar la precisión del acto quirúrgico. En ese escenario, la Cirugía Asistida por Computador (CAS) en artroplastia de rodilla, crece de forma exponencial, y apunta a mejorar el posicionamiento y selección del tamaño de los componentes protésicos, aumentar la precisión de las resecciones óseas y mejorar el balance de los tejidos blandos, logrando así una mayor sobrevida del implante. En comparación a las técnicas convencionales, la cirugía robótica ha mostrado mejores resultados funcionales, al primer año de seguimiento, en términos de rango articular, menor dolor post-operatorio y menor tiempo de estadía hospitalaria. Pero todavía es necesario establecer si, a largo plazo, esas diferencias funcionales se traducirán en mejores resultados clínicos que permitan, de forma consistente, inclinar la balanza en favor de la técnica asistida por robot por sobre las técnicas tradicionales.
Developmental Regression and Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures Caused by TBCD Mutation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zhang Yunjian , Zhang Linmei , Zhou Shuizhen
Published: September 2019

Microtubule dynamics plays a crucial role in neuronal development and function. Variants in the tubulin cofactor D (TBCD) gene, which encodes one of the five co-chaperones required for assembly and disassembly of α/β-tubulin heterodimers, may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. We aimed to study the clinical, electroencephalographic, and imaging features of a male patient with TBCD variants, and to provide a detailed review of the previously reported cases of TBCD-related neurological disorders. The patient presented with early-onset developmental regression, secondary microcephaly, epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures, hypotonia, and brain atrophy with thin corpus callosum on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Genetic analyses of the family members revealed a compound heterozygous variant of c.230A > G (p.H77R) in the proband and deletion of exons 28 to 39 of TBCD, which has not been previously reported and was inherited from his carrier parents. Epilepsy of the patient was refractory to numerous antiepileptic drugs. The review of 33 previously reported patients revealed that the age at the onset was very early, and all the patients had presentations during the first year of life. This case report provides insight regarding the clinical features and genetic etiology of TBCD-related tubulinopathy. Identification of phenotypes and genotypes in patients may help in early diagnosis and appropriate genetic counseling.
Healing Process Following Application of Set or Fresh Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as a Root-End Filling Material
Authors: Habibi Mehdi , Ghoddusi Jamileh , Habibi Ataollah , Mohtasham Nooshin
Published: September 2019

Objectives: An unsuccessful attempt to reach the apical area or to place the retrograde material is a major difficulty in periradicular surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the histological evaluation of the healing process following an orthograde versus a retrograde application of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as a root-end filling material during apical surgery on cats’ teeth in order to find out whether orthograde placement of MTA before surgery can be used instead of retrograde placement during surgery. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 canine teeth in 12 mature and healthy cats were filled with either MTA or gutta-percha in an orthograde manner. Two weeks later, the teeth with MTA were surgically exposed and resected to the set-MTA within the canals. The teeth previously filled by gutta-percha were also surgically exposed, and retrograde cavities were prepared at the root ends and filled with fresh-MTA. After 8 weeks, the animals were euthanized by vital perfusion. Six-micron histological slices were prepared from samples, stained by Hematoxylin & Eosin, and histologically studied by means of a light microscope. The collected data was analyzed by the Chi-square and the T-test. Results: One of the samples in the fresh-MTA group was omitted during processing because of inappropriate sectioning. In the set-MTA group, 5 out of 12 showed chronic abscess, while in the fresh-MTA group, 2 out of 11 were discovered to have chronic abscess; however, no significant difference was observed (P>.05). Hard tissue healing (cementum, bone, cementum + bone formation) in the set-MTA and fresh-MTA groups were 7 out of 12 and 9 out of 11, respectively. While healing seemed more likely to occur in the fresh-MTA group, the difference was statistically insignificant (P>.05). The magnitude of bone, cementum, or bone and cementum formation showed slight differences between the two groups; however, the figures failed to show any marked differences (P>.05). Conclusions: Orthograde placement of MTA could be used as an obturation material before surgery. In this way, after root-end resection, there would be no need for root-end preparation and filling procedures. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:19-23)
Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Dental Unit Biofilms and Treatment Water Contamination
Authors: Lin Shih-Ming , Svoboda Kathy K.H. , Giletto Anthony , Seibert Jeff , Puttaiah Raghunath
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To study effects of various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide on mature waterline biofilms and in controlling planktonic (free-floating) organisms in simulated dental treatment water systems; and to study in vitro the effects of 2%, 3%, and 7% hydrogen peroxide on the removal of mature biofilms and inorganic compounds in dental waterlines. Methods: Four units of an automated dental unit water system simulation device was used for 12 weeks. All units were initially cleaned to control biofilms and inorganic deposits. H2O2 at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3% was used weekly for periodic cleaning in three treatment group units (units 1, 2 & 3), with 0.05%, 0.15% and 0.25% H2O2 in municipal water used as irrigant respectively. The control unit (unit 4) did not have weekly cleanings and used municipal water as irrigant. Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to study deposits on lines, and weekly heterotrophic plate counts done to study effluent water contamination. A 24 hour in vitro challenge test with 7%, 3% and 2% H2O2 on mature biofilms was conducted using harvested waterlines to study biofilm and inorganic deposit removal. Results: Heterotrophic plate counts of effluent water showed that the control unit reached contamination levels in excess of 400,000 CFU/mL while all treatment units showed contamination levels <500 CFU/mL through most of the 12 weeks. All treatment units showed varying levels of biofilm and inorganic deposit control in this short 12 week study. The in vitro challenge test showed although there was biofilm control, there was no eradication even when 7% H2O2 was used for 24 hours. Conclusions: 2% H2O2 used as a periodic cleaner, and diluted to 0.05% in municipal water for irrigation was beneficial in controlling biofilm and planktonic contamination in dental unit water systems. However, to remove well established biofilms, it may take more than 2 months when initial and multiple periodic cleanings are performed using H2O2. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:47-59)
Does Dental Insurance Make a Difference in Type of Service Received by Iranian Dentate Adults?
Authors: Bayat Fariborz , Murtomaa Heikki , Vehkalahti M Miira , Tala Heikki , Mautsch Walter
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To assess the relationship between insurance status and type of service received among dentate adults in a developing oral health care system. Methods: A cross-sectional survey based on phone interviews in Tehran, Iran. Four trained interviewers collected data using a structured questionnaire. Of 1,531 subjects answering the phone call, 224 were <18 years; of the remaining 1,307, 221 (17%) refused to participate, and 85 (6%) were excluded as edentate or reporting no dental visit, leaving 1,001 eligible subjects in the sample. The questionnaire covered insurance status, socio-demographics, frequency of tooth brushing, dental attendance as reasons for, and time since last dental visit, and dental service received then. Data analysis included the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: Of the subjects, 71% had a dental insurance. Those with no insurance were more likely to report tooth extractions (OR=1.5) than those with an insurance coverage; for all other treatments no differences according to the insurance status appeared. Among the insured subjects, extractions were more likely for those reporting a problem-based dental visit (OR=6.0) or having a low level of education (OR=2.3). Conclusions: In Iran, with its developing oral health care system, dental insurance had only a minor impact on dental services reported. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:68-76)
Effect of Naturally Acidic Agents on Microhardness and Surface Micromorphology of Restorative Materials
Authors: Hengtrakool Chanothai , Kukiattrakoon Boonlert , Kedjarune-Leggat Ureporn
Published: September 2019

Objectives: This study investigated the titratable acidity and erosive potential of acidic agents on the microhardness and surface micromorphology of four restorative materials. Methods: Forty-seven discs of each restorative material; metal-reinforced glass ionomer cement (Ketac-S), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC), resin composite (Filtek Z250) and amalgam (Valiant-Ph.D.), 12 mm in diameter and 2.5 mm in thickness, were divided into four groups (5 discs/group). Specimens were then immersed for 7 days into four storage media; deionized water (control), citrate buffer solution, green mango juice and pineapple juice. Microhardness testing before and after immersions was performed. Micromorphological changes were evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical significance among each group was analyzed using two-way repeated ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Results: The Fuji II LC and the Ketac-S showed the highest reduction in microhardness (P<.05). The Valiant-Ph.D. and the Filtek Z250 showed some minor changes over the period of 7 days. The mango juice produced the greatest degradation effect (P<.05). Conclusions: This study suggested that for restorations in patients who have tooth surface loss, materials selected should be considered. In terms of materials evaluated, amalgam and resin composite are the most suitable for restorations. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:89-100)
Bilateral Palatal Talon Cusps on Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisors: A Case Report
Authors: Ozcelik Bahar , Atila Burcu
Published: September 2019

Talon cusp is a rare developmental extra cusp-like projection on the cingulum area of affected anterior teeth that may cause various functional and aesthetic problems. The present report describes a case of bilateral palatal talon cusps on permanent maxillary incisors and the treatment procedure to overcome the clinical problems associated with talon cusps. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:113-116)
The Effect of the Pre-Conditioning Step on the Shear Bond Strength of Nano-Filled Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer to Dentin
Authors: El-Askary Farid S , Nassif Mohammed S
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the pre-conditioning step using
different dentin conditioners on the shear bond strength (SBS) of the nano-filled resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) to dentin. Methods: Twenty-four human molars were used in this study. Subsequent to teeth sectioning in the mesio-distal direction and creation of the smear layer, the teeth were divided into six groups with and without the pre-conditioning step. Dentin surfaces were restored with RMGI cylinders and the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 hours. SBS test were performed using a Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. RMGI/dentin interface was evaluated using SEM operated at 12 Kv at 2000X magnification. Results: 35% phosphoric acid and EDTA yielded significantly higher SBS (12.0±1.8 and 11.9±4.4 MPa, respectively), compared to all tested groups. In addition, 25% polyacrylic acid (8.6±3.1 MPa) reported significantly higher SBS than the nano-filled RMGI when applied according to manufacturer instructions (5.5±2.2 MPa). When nano-filled RMGI was applied without its nano-primer, or directly over 25% polyacrylic acid conditioned dentin exhibited 100% pre-test failure, and their SBS were expressed as 0.0±0.0 MPa. SEM revealed that the nano-primer was unable to decalcify and hybridize the dentin surface. Conclusions: Based on the results of the current study, the pre-conditioning step effectively improves the SBS of nano-filled RMGI to dentin. The self-adhesiveness of nano-filled RMGI was not proved in this study. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:150-156)
Surface Modifications on Aesthetically Restored Teeth following Home Bleaching with 16% Peroxide Carbamide
Authors: Bodanezi Augusto , Bittencourt Marcos Eugênio de , Bodanezi Rafaela Vanni , Zottis Tatiana , Munhoz Etiene Andrade , Carlini-Júnior Bruno
Published: September 2019

Objectives: This clinical study evaluated the effects of a highly concentrated home-bleaching agent on the surface morphology of aesthetically restored teeth. Methods: Specimens of human enamel and micro-hybrid composite resin were randomly adhered to the buccal side of right premolar and molar teeth of ten volunteers, who underwent a routine home-bleaching procedure with 16% carbamide peroxide on the upper jaw for 8 days. The mandibular unbleached specimens served as paired controls (n=10). Ultra-structural assessment of the sample was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, and the resulting images were blindly evaluated for topographical alterations. The differences between groups were calculated with the Mann-Whitney test adjusted at the 95% confidence interval. Results: The bleached enamel presented significantly more morphological changes than the control group. The aspect of resin composite exposed to the whitening substance was statistically similar to that observed in the corresponding control group (P<.05). Conclusions: The occurrence of surface topography changes during home bleaching of aesthetically restored teeth with 16% carbamide peroxide was restricted to enamel. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:157- 162)
Effect of Bleaching Gels on Surface Roughness of Nanofilled Composite Resins
Authors: Wang Linda , Francisconi Luciana Fávaro , Atta Maria Teresa , Santos Jean Rodrigo dos , Padre Natália Coelho Del , Gonini-Júnior Alcides , Fernandes Karen Barros Parron
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the superficial texture of composite restorations after different bleaching protocols. Methods: Filtek Supreme (S), Filtek Z350 (F), and Grandio (G) were compared to Opallis (O) and Filtek Z250 (Z) (control microhybrid composites) and to bovine enamel using three different bleaching agents: 35% hydrogen peroxide Whiteness HP (WHP), 35% Whiteness HP MAXX (WMAXX) and 16% carbamide peroxide Whiteness Standard (WS). Six specimens from each composite were treated using each bleaching agent, according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Three random sites were measured for superficial roughness (Hommel Tester T 1000) weekly for each sample. Data were analyzed for each bleaching system using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests at 5% significance level. Results: WHP treatment significantly altered the Filtek Supreme composite over time. When WMAXX was used, Grandio displayed the most significant alterations in surface roughness throughout the evaluation period, which was not observed for the other nanocomposites. Using WS, Filtek Z250 presented significant surface alterations over time, which was not seen in the nanofilled materials. Conclusions: Surface roughness alteration was material and time-dependent. The bleaching gels affected nanofilled and microhybrid composite resins. Enamel was the surface less affected by bleaching. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:173-179)
Effectiveness of Ozone with or without the Additional Use of Remineralizing Solution on Non-Cavitated Fissure Carious Lesions in Permanent Molars
Authors: Atabek Didem , Oztas Nurhan
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ozone alone and with a re-mineralizing solution following application on initial pit and fissure caries lesions in permanent molars. Methods: Forty children (9-12 years) having non-cavitated fissure caries lesions on bilateral 40 first permanent mandibular molar teeth were participated in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to 2 experimental groups consisting of 20 subjects. In the first group, ozone was applied once for 40 seconds to the assigned test teeth of each pair. In the second group, ozone was applied once for 40 seconds to the assigned test teeth of each pair with the use of re-mineralizing solution. Progression or improvement of the caries was assessed at baseline, immediately after treatment and at 1-,2-,3-, and 6 month follow-up by comparing the DIAGNOdent values, Clinical Severity Indexes, Oral Hygiene Scores. The results were analyzed statistically by using the Wilcoxon-Test for dependent samples in each group. When comparing different test groups (control and experimental groups) the Friedman S test followed by the Mann-Whitney U test was used. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between all of the control and experimental test lesions in each group (P<.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the ozone treated groups and those using the additional re-mineralizing solution (P>.001). Conclusions: Ozone treatment either alone or combined with a re-mineralizing solution was found to be effective for remineralization of initial fissure caries lesions. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:393-399)
Effect of C-factor and LED Curing Mode on Microleakage of Class V Resin Composite Restorations
Authors: Alomari Qasem Diefallah , Barrieshi-Nusair Kefah , Ali Mohammad
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To investigate the effects of cavity C-factor and LED curing mode on microleakage of class V resin composite restorations. Methods: Eighty extracted human maxillary premolars were divided into four groups. In groups I and II, V-shaped class V cavities (C-factor ≈ 1.5) were prepared while box-shaped class V cavities (high C-factor ≈ 4) were prepared in groups III and IV. All the cavities were prepared on the vestibular surfaces of the teeth. All the cavities were prepared by one operator with specific dimensions. The same adhesive system (Excite) and the same restorative composite (Tetric Ceram) were used in all the groups. The restorations in groups I and III were cured with the fast curing mode of LED curing light, while the restorations in groups II and IV were cured with the soft-start mode of the same curing light. The samples were thermocycled, immersed in a 0.5% basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours, and sectioned. The degree of dye penetration was measured quantitatively and then qualitatively at both enamel and dentin/cementum margins. Results: Quantitatively, there was no statistical difference in the degree of microleakage between the groups at the enamel margin (P>.05). At the dentin/cementum margin, group III showed significantly more dye penetration than the other groups (P<.001). Similarly, qualitative measurements of dye penetration showed that group III had higher microleakage at dentin/cementum margin than the remaining groups (I and III P<.001; II and III P<.01; III and IV P<.01). Paired sample statistics showed that microleakage at the dentin/cementum margin was not statistically different from enamel microleakage (P>.05), except for group III (P<.000). Conclusions: Fast curing mode of LED curing light resulted in more microleakage at the gingival floor of class V cavities with high C-factor. There was no difference in dye penetration between enamel and dentin margins of the cavities except when the fast curing mode was used with high C-factor cavities. Both quantitative and qualitative measurements of microleakage gave the same results at both enamel and dentin margins. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:400-408)
The Frequency and Distribution of
Idiopathic Osteosclerosis of the Jaw
Authors: Sisman Yildiray , Ertas Elif Tarim , Ertas Huseyin , Sekerci Ahmet Ercan
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) in the jaw by radiographic evaluation and to investigate the relationship between the findings in relation to age, gender, and localization. Methods: The study included 2,211 panoramic radiographs obtained from the patients (915 men and 1,296 women) whose ages ranged from 10-77 and who visited the Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology in the Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University between 2008 and 2009. Results: Of 2,211 patients, 135 patients (6.1%) had IO. The prevalence obtained in our study was in the range reported in the literature. IO was detected more often in mandible rather than the maxilla. In addition, mandibular molar localization was the most common localization, and most of the lesions were associated with root apices. Conclusions: In view of the findings, IO can be defined as developmental variations of normal bony architecture, which are unrelated to local stimuli. The lesions can arise at any age, any location with no sex predilection, and IO usually requires no treatment other than diagnosis. Because all these lesions were located in the jaw and could only is detected in panoramic evaluations, this indicates the importance of careful diagnostic evaluation of radiographies in dental examinations. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:409-414)
A Comparison of Three-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Cephalometric Evaluations of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Tulunoglu Ozlem , Esenlik Elcin , Gulsen Ayse , Tulunoglu Ibrahim
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the consistency of orthodontic measurement performed on cephalometric films and 3D CT images of cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients. Methods: The study was conducted with 2D radiographs and 3D CT images of 9 boys and 6 girls aged 7-12 with CLP. 3D reconstructions were performed using MIMICS software. Results: Frontal analysis found statistical differences for all parameters except occlusal plane tilt (OcP-tilt) and McNamara analysis found statistical differences in 2D and 3D measurements for all parameters except ANS-Me and Co-Gn; Steiner analysis found statistical differences for all parameters except SND, SNB and Max1-SN. Intra-group variability in measurements was also very low for all parameters for both 2D and 3D images. Conclusions: Study results indicate significant differences between measurements taken from 2D and 3D images in patients with cleft lip and palate. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:451-458)
Influence of previous acid etching on interface morphology and bond strength of self-etching adhesive to cavosurface enamel
Authors: Lima Adriano Fonseca , Silva Vinícius Brito da , Soares Giulliana Panfiglio , Marchi Giselle Maria , Aguiar Flávio Henrique Baggio , Lovadino José Roberto
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the (1) bond strength of a etch-and-rinse and self-etching adhesive systems to cavosurface enamel, (2) influence of the previous acid etching with phosphoric acid 35% to the self-etching adhesive application on bond strength values, and (3) analysis of the cavosurface enamel morphology submitted to different types of conditioning, with the use of a scanning electronic microscope (SEM).

Methods: Twenty four human third molars were sectioned on mesio-distal direction, resulting in two slices. The specimens were ground flat with 600-grit aluminum oxide papers, and were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 (etch-and-rinse adhesive system (control group)), Group 2 (selfetching adhesive), and Group 3 (self-etching adhesive with previous 35% phosphoric acid-etching for 15 s). Four cylinders (0.75 mm of diameter, 1 mm height) were confectioned prior to the microshear test. Four samples for each group were prepared according the cavosurface enamel treatment and were analyzed in an SEM.

Results: Group 3 had the highest values on bond strength to cavosurface enamel compared to the other two groups, which presented statistically similar values. The performance of acid etching before the application of the self-etching adhesive results in an etching pattern that is different than the other groups, favoring the adhesion to the cavosurface enamel.

Conclusions: Acid etching increases the bond strength values of the self-etching adhesive to cavosurface enamel, promoting a conditioning pattern that favors the adhesion to this substrate. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:56-62)
Severe periodontal destruction in a patient with advanced anemia: A case report
Authors: Hatipoglu Hasan , Hatipoglu Mujgan Gungor , Cagirankaya L Berna , Caglayan Feriha
Published: September 2019

Anemia is a worldwide health problem that manifests in different types. This illness has some causes, which affect body health generally. Studies have shown that some anemia types make humans more sensitive to infections

A 23-year-old woman was referred to our clinic with complaints about tooth mobility. Generalized severe alveolar bone loss was verified by a radiographic examination. After a comprehensive clinical examination and taking her medical history, we decided to schedule a medical consultation with a physician. Medical consultation revealed that the patient suffered from severe anemia. Her periodontal treatment was modified because of her systemic situation. After treatment, the patient was monitored for one year. Her periodontal and systemic statuses were stable during this period

In this case report, severe periodontal destruction was observed in a patient with severe iron and B12 deficiency anemia. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:95-100)
Influence of light source and extended time of curing on microhardness and degree of conversion of different regions of a nanofilled composite resin
Authors: Lima Adriano Fonseca , de Andrade Kamila  Menezes Guedes , Alves Louise  Esther da Cruz , Soares Giulliana  Panfiglio , Marchi Giselle  Maria , Aguiar Flávio  Henrique Baggio , Peris Alessandra   Rezende , Mitsui Fábio   Hiroyuki Ogata
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different light sources and curing time on the degree of conversion and microhardness of two surfaces within a nanofilled composite resin

Methods: Four experimental groups (n=10) were formed in accordance with the light source (quartz-tungsten halogen (QTH – 600mW/cm2), or light-emitting-diode (LED -800mW/cm2)) and the time of curing (20 s or 40 s). The specimens were prepared with a circular mould (5 mm Ø and 2 mm thick), according to the respective protocol, and the Knoop microhardness and degree of conversion was measured at the top and the base of the specimens. The degree of conversion was evaluated by the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The results were analyzed by ANOVA two-way repeated measures and Tukey’s test (α=,05)

Results: Both the degree of conversion and microhardness were higher at the top than at the bottom of the specimens. The QTH light source presented better values on the degree of conversion evaluation, but this result was not observed in the microhardness evaluation. Although forty seconds of curing promotes an increased level of microhardness, it did not influence the degree of conversion

Conclusion: It could be concluded that increasing the time of curing to 40 s promotes an increase in microhardness, but it does not influence the degree of conversion of a nanofilled composite resin. QTH promote better monomeric conversion; however, the microhardness values are similar to LED curing. For all situations tested, the bottom of the specimens presented lower results than the top. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:153-157)
Assessment of a dental rural teaching program
Authors: Johnson George , Blinkhorn Anthony
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a rural clinical placement on students’ self-perceived clinical skills and work location choice post-graduation

Methods: A one month rural placement program was introduced in 2008-2009 for 4th year dental undergraduates. Student’s views on the rural exercise were collected by pre and post self-completion questionnaires, which were distributed to rural placement students and to the students who did not participate in the placement. Information was collected on self-reported skill levels in various clinical techniques using Likert scales and future rural work intentions. Clinical supervisors and University Faculty Members opinions on the students clinical work were also collected via interviews

Results: A one month rural placement program was introduced in 2008-2009 for 4th year dental undergraduates. Student’s views on the rural exercise were collected by pre and post self-completion questionnaires, which were distributed to rural placement students and to the students who did not participate in the placement. Information was collected on self-reported skill levels in various clinical techniques using Likert scales and future rural work intentions. Clinical supervisors and University Faculty Members opinions on the students clinical work were also collected via interviews

Conclusions: The rural placement improved the self-perceived clinical skills of the volunteers and enhanced positive attitudes towards working in a rural location. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:235-243)
Similar hematological and biochemical parameters among periodontitis and control group subjects
Authors: Prakash Shobha , Dhingra Kunaal , Priya Shanmuga
Published: September 2019

Objectives: There are conflicting reports in the past literature documenting the tendency of anemia in patients with periodontitis. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess whether periodontitis may cause an anemic state, by evaluating and comparing the red blood cell count, levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum iron and serum ferritin between subjects with and without periodontitis.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 140 systemically healthy subjects of both sexes (mean age 46 years) were recruited as control group (50 subjects without periodontitis) and study groups comprising 30 patients each with mild, moderate and severe chronic generalized periodontitis. Periodontal parameters and orthopantamographs were taken for all the groups and then 5 mL venous blood samples were sent for complete blood count and biochemical analysis. Inter-group and intra-group comparisons were performed for all the assessed parameters

Results: The periodontal parameters were significantly higher (P≤.05) in periodontitis patients. Except for the ESR, which was significantly higher (P=.03) in the mild periodontitis group than the control group, hematological and biochemical parameters were not significantly different (P>.05) among the study groups or between the control and study groups. This difference was not evident even among the male and female subjects of both control and study groups (P>.05).

Conclusions: Within the limits of this cross-sectional study, it can be concluded that the presence and severity of periodontitis may not affect the hematological and biochemical parameters of an individual. Further long term studies are however encouraged to validate these findings. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:287-294)softening of enamel (erosion). In respect to the chemical variables tested, despite not statistically significant, the pH seems to have more influence on the erosive potential of these drinks. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:10-13)
Analysis and experiment of the sensitivity of AlGaN/GaN based heterostructure all-solid-state pH sensor
Authors: Dai Yaqiong , Xing Jieying , Yang Longkun , Wen Yaohui , Wang Linglong , Yao Wanqing , Han Xiaobiao , Ren Yuan , Liu Yuebo , Wu Zhisheng , Liu Yang , Zhang Baijun
Published: September 2019

Ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) has been widely used as a pH sensor. Its sensitivity can be expressed in terms of current or voltage which were defined by us as SA and SV in this article. Using current to represent sensitivity is more convenient for it can simplify the subsequent circuits. What’s more, SA contains more information including the geometry of the device, the parameter of the epitaxial material and the property of the sensitive membrane while SV only contains the information of the sensitive membrane, which helps us to analyze the device performance. In this paper, the sensitivity SA was deduced theoretically based on the previous research and was verified experimentally. On this basis, we put forward a method that can separate the effect of the sensitive membrane on the sensitivity from the material completely by designing a series of AlGaN/GaN based heterostructure ISFET pH sensors with different sizes of the channel area (width/length parameter). Experimental result shows the importance of this method in the future research.
On the two-stream instability with electron spin effects
Authors: Hussain Azhar , Iqbal Z. , Murtaza G. , Mustafa G.
Published: September 2019

We study electrostatic two-stream instability using a separated spin quantum hydrodynamic model in magnetized degenerate collisionless electron-ion plasma. We report that the separate spin evolution gives rise to some new real modes together with unstable modes for a specific range of wavenumbers. We notice that incorporating spin-polarization effects of plasma species, the two-stream instability significantly changes. On increasing the spin-polarization, the growth rate decreases. On the other hand, increasing streaming to the Fermi velocity ratio enhances the growth rate. Thus, the two effects, spin polarization and streaming, counter balance each other.
Optimization of an impulse pressure generator based on the drop-weight method
Authors: Samodro Rudi Anggoro , Choi In-Mook
Published: September 2019

An optimized impulse dynamic pressure generator based on a drop-weight method was developed as a secondary standard. The impulse pressure generator was characterized in detail using various parameters in order to obtain a proper reference dynamic pressure, to calibrate a dynamic pressure sensor. Both a hardware filter and a software filter were successfully employed to eliminate unavoidable noise when the impulse pressure was generated. Five variables were considered to optimize the system. A larger effective area piston-cylinder assembly should be used to obtain a faster impulse pressure. To control the peak pressure using a variable drop height is easier rather than drop weight because the change is linearly proportional to the impact speed associated with the drop height. An increase in drop weight causes an increase in duration as well as an increase in peak pressure. In addition, the pressure transmission medium is very important for generating the optimized impulse pressure, so an appropriate fluid choice is required. The viscosity and bulk modulus among the fluid properties are considered as design variables. High viscosity fluids with high bulk modulus can achieve high peak pressures without jittering. The drop weight based impulse pressure generator design and implementation method is proposed based on the detailed characterizations in this study.