bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic Theory for Extended Asymmetric Multivariate GARCH Processes
Authors: Asai Manabu , McAleer Michael
Published: September 2017

The paper considers various extended asymmetric multivariate conditional volatility models, and derives appropriate regularity conditions and associated asymptotic theory. This enables checking of internal consistency and allows valid statistical inferences to be drawn based on empirical estimation. For this purpose, we use an underlying vector random coefficient autoregressive process, for which we show the equivalent representation for the asymmetric multivariate conditional volatility model, to derive asymptotic theory for the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator. As an extension, we develop a new multivariate asymmetric long memory volatility model, and discuss the associated asymptotic properties.
Rapid Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Related Species Isolated from Food, Environment, Cosmetics, a Medical Device, and Clinical Samples Using the VITEK MS Microbial Identification System
Authors: Sulaiman Irshad M , Banerjee Pratik , Hsieh Ying-Hsin , Miranda Nancy , Simpson Steven , Kerdahi Khalil
Published: September 2017

Staphylococcus spp. is considered as one of the most common human-pathogenic bacteria, causing illnesses ranging from nonthreatening skin infections to lethal diseases, including sepsis, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and food poisoning. The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains has increased morbidity and mortality and resulted in a major healthcare burden worldwide. Single and multilocus sequence typing have been extensively used in the identification of Staphylococcus species. Nevertheless, these assays are relatively time-consuming and require high-quality DNA. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight has been used recently for the rapid identification of several bacterial species. In this study, we have examined 47 Staphylococcus isolates recovered from food, environment, clinical samples, cosmetic products, and a medical device and 3 American Type Culture Collection Staphylococcus reference isolates using bioMérieux VITEK MS and VITEK 2 systems to determine isolate identity. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was performed to confirm and compare the species identification data generated by VITEK 2 and VITEK MS systems. Although the VITEK 2 system could not identify one of the isolates, VITEK MS identified all 50 Staphylococcus spp. isolates tested. Results of this study clearly suggest that VITEK MS can be used in the rapid identification of Staphylococcus isolates of public health importance.
Is Medical Futility an Ethical or Clinical Concept?
Authors: Insa Gómez Francisco Javier , Requena Meana Pablo ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: September 2017

The concept of medical futility first appeared at the end of the 1980s, was developed throughout the 1990s, and now is widely cited in medical literature and clinical practice to justify refraining from or limiting the use of life-sustaining therapies. The definition of medical futility, however, is not very clear or universally accepted. In this article, we examine the strengths and limitations of a particular concept of medical futility, based exclusively on clinical considerations, that enables the physician to make unilateral decisions about whether to withhold, withdraw, or continue treatment without being required to consult the patient or his family. To respect the patient’s spiritual, philosophical, and ethical values, several significant ethical issues need to be narrowly defined, and the concept of medical futility must be rarely invoked to justify such unilateral decisions.
The Catholic Tradition on Vital Conflicts
Authors: Evans Joshua ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: September 2017

In two important books on the ethics of abortion, Charles Camosy and James Mumford appeal to the concept of “material aggression” to justify direct abortion in cases of vital conflict. Both authors argue that just-war theory justifies the direct killing of merely material aggressors by private citizens and suggest that papal condemnations of unjust-aggressor arguments fail to consider the distinction between formal and material aggression. However, both authors omit any reference to the historical context of the papal condemnations, do not recognize that the justification for killing in just-war theory is fundamentally political, and do not consider how the special relationship between mother and baby might affect the ethics of vital conflicts.
Karol Wojtyla, Sex Reassignment Surgery, and the Body–Soul Union
Authors: Harrison Jacob ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: September 2017

Dialogue about the moral permissibility of sex reassignment surgery (SRS) in Catholic health care has recently received considerable attention. In an effort to further this discussion and bring clarity to the debate, the author uses Pope St. John Paul II’s robust theological and philosophical anthropology to evaluate the morality of SRS and enter dialogue with current arguments that suggest SRS is morally licit. The author argues that John Paul II’s anthropology renders SRS morally illicit. Moreover, current arguments supporting SRS rely on an anthropology of body–soul dualism. This conclusion suggests that future arguments for the permissibility of SRS in Catholic health care will always be invalid if they fail to uphold the body–soul unity of the person.
From Taquería to Medical School
Authors: Trujillo Glenn M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2017

This paper begins with a vignette of Juan Carlos, an immigrant to America who works to support his family, attends classes at a community college, and cares for his ill daughter. It argues that an Aristotelian virtue ethicist could condone a safe, legal, and virtuous use of cognitive enhancements in Juan Carlos’s case. The argument is that if an enhancement can lead him closer to eudaimonia (i.e., flourishing, or a good life), then it is morally permissible to use it. The paper closes by demonstrating how common objections to cognitive enhancement fail to undermine Juan Carlos’s justifiable use of the technology. The particularities of his case make it morally acceptable for him to use enhancements in certain situations. The paper, thus, constructs a limited, positive case for the virtuous use of pharmaceutical cognitive enhancements.
Jordan Valley Water Redefines Sustainable Water Supply Through Energy Management
Authors: Sowby Robert B. , Jones Steven C. , Packard Alan E. , Schultz Todd R.
Published: September 2017

A major Utah water district reduced its energy footprint by 19% after following a two‐year energy management program, implementing both technical and organizational change in pursuit of its vision to provide a more sustainable water supply.
Active Assailant: A Critical Infrastructural Viewpoint
Authors: Axtell Richard , Schoenfeldt Mary , Guerrero Daniel
Published: September 2017

Beyond providing an essential community service, public utilities and critical infrastructure employees are the first line of defense against threats that could lead to widespread disruption and possibly death. Approaches to security planning and response generally focus on protecting key assets.
Are Ye a Screecher?
Authors: Lafrance David B.
Published: September 2017

LaFrance discusses Halifax Water, and how it recently had its own voluntary experience, guided by its pledge and requiring it to face an unpleasant reality ‐ all of which has made the utility a model for all other utilities. Halifax has concerns about lead in its water. Health Canada is the organization that produces the guidelines for Canadian drinking water quality, but it is up to each province to adopt the guidelines (or not). And in Nova Scotia, other than ensuring water is noncorrosive to lead, there is almost no lead regulation.
Synaptic up-scaling preserves motor circuit output after chronic, natural inactivity
Authors: Santin Joseph M , Vallejo Mauricio , Hartzler Lynn K
Published: September 2017

Neural systems use homeostatic plasticity to maintain normal brain functions and to prevent abnormal activity. Surprisingly, homeostatic mechanisms that regulate circuit output have mainly been demonstrated during artificial and/or pathological perturbations. Natural, physiological scenarios that activate these stabilizing mechanisms in neural networks of mature animals remain elusive. To establish the extent to which a naturally inactive circuit engages mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity, we utilized the respiratory motor circuit in bullfrogs that normally remains inactive for several months during the winter. We found that inactive respiratory motoneurons exhibit a classic form of homeostatic plasticity, up-scaling of AMPA-glutamate receptors. Up-scaling increased the synaptic strength of respiratory motoneurons and acted to boost motor amplitude from the respiratory network following months of inactivity. Our results show that synaptic scaling sustains strength of the respiratory motor output following months of inactivity, thereby supporting a major neuroscience hypothesis in a normal context for an adult animal.
Effects of long-term preservation on amphibian body conditions: implications for historical morphological research
Authors: Shu Guocheng , Gong Yuzhou , Xie Feng , Wu Nicholas C. , Li Cheng
Published: September 2017

Measurements of historical specimens are widely applied in studies of taxonomy, systematics, and ecology, but biologists often assume that the effects of preservative chemicals on the morphology of amphibian specimens are minimal in their analyses. We compared the body length and body mass of 182 samples of 13 live and preserved (up to 10 years) anuran species and found that the body length and body mass of preserved specimens significantly decreased by 6.1% and 24.8%, respectively, compared to those measurements of their live counterparts. The changes in body length and mass also exhibited highly significant variations between species. Similarly, there were significant differences in shrinkage of body length and body mass between sexes, where males showed greater shrinkage in body length and body mass compared to females. Preservation distorted the magnitude of the interspecific differences in body length observed in the fresh specimens. Overall, the reduction in body length or mass was greater in longer or heavier individuals. Due to the effects of preservation on amphibian morphology, we propose two parsimonious conversion equations to back-calculate the original body length and body mass of studied anurans for researchers working with historical data, since morphological data from preserved specimens may lead to incorrect biological interpretations when comparing to fresh specimens. Therefore, researchers should correct for errors due to preservation effects that may lead to the misinterpretation of results.
Acid–Base and Solvation Properties of Metal Enolates Part 2: Transition‐Metal Enolates and Medium Effects
Authors: Bastos Erick L.
Published: September 2017

This chapter presents the main aspects of acid–base reactions of transition‐metal enolates and an overview of solvent effects on the chemical reactivity of metal enolates.
Heraldry
Authors: Cheesman Clive
Published: September 2017

Heraldry is a traditional display system for family and corporate visual identity, originating in late twelfth‐century western Europe, based on the complex of design‐bearing units known in English as a coat of arms (→ Code). The word “heraldry” originally indicated the entire business of the heralds, court officials who at first recorded coats of arms and later (from the fifteenth century, when the various European jurisdictions began to attempt to regulate the sector) administered, designed, and licensed (“granted”) them. The late medieval and early modern system of heralds granting arms to proprietors on behalf of the state, which then guarantees some degree of protection for the design, survives in only a few countries: notably parts of the Commonwealth, South Africa, and possibly Ireland, though some post‐communist republics of eastern Europe have revived versions of the system.
Asymmetric [3+2] Annulations to Construct 1,2‐Bispirooxindoles Incorporating a Dihydropyrrolidine Motif
Authors: He Qing , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: September 2017

Constructing chiral bispirooxindoles is difficult to achieve but highly attractive owing to their many potential applications in medicinal chemistry. Here we present an asymmetric [3+2] annulation reaction of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates from isatins and isatin‐based N‐Boc‐ketimines under the catalysis of a newly designed multifunctional 4‐dimethylaminopyridine‐type substance. The reaction shows high γ‐regioselectivity, producing highly complex 1,2‐bispirooxindoles incorporating a dihydropyrrolidine motif in excellent yields with moderate to outstanding stereoselectivity (dr>19:1, up to >99% ee). This protocol has been expanded to utilize trifluoromethyl‐containing ketimines, delivering complicated architectures with fused and spirocyclic frameworks in modest enantioselectivity.

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Development of Imino‐λ3‐iodanes with Improved Reactivity for Metal‐Free [2+2+1] Cycloaddition‐Type Reactions
Authors: Baba Takafumi , Takahashi Shunsuke , Kambara Yui , Yoshimura Akira , Nemykin Victor N. , Zhdankin Viktor V. , Saito Akio
Published: September 2017

Aiming at the enhancement of electrophilicity of imino‐λ3‐iodanes, we have developed (tosylimino)pentafluorophenyl‐λ3‐iodane, which shows superior reactivity compared to the commonly used (tosylimino)phenyl‐λ3‐iodane in the [2+2+1]‐type synthesis of imidazoles.

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New onset of asthma and job status change among world trade center responders and workers
Authors: Kim Hyun , Baron Sherry , Baidwan Navneet K. , Schwartz Adam , Moline Jacqueline , Camacho‐Rivera Marlene
Published: September 2017

Background

Despite the high rates, the consequences of new onset asthma among the World Trade Center (WTC) responders in terms of the change in job status have not been studied.

Methods

This study consists of a cohort of 8132 WTC responders out of the total 25 787 responders who held a full‐time job at the baseline visit, and participated in at least one follow‐up visit.

Results

Overall, 34% of the study cohort changed their job status from full‐time at a follow‐up visit. Multivariable models showed that asthmatics were respectively 27% and 47% more likely to have any job status change and get retired, and twice as likely to become disabled as compared to non‐asthmatics.

Conclusions

With asthma incidence from WTC exposure, negative job status change should be considered as a potential long‐term consequence of WTC exposure.
Selective Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethanol on a Boron‐ and Nitrogen‐Co‐doped Nanodiamond
Authors: Liu Yanming , Zhang Yujing , Cheng Kai , Quan Xie , Fan Xinfei , Su Yan , Chen Shuo , Zhao Huimin , Zhang Yaobin , Yu Hongtao , Hoffmann Michael R.
Published: September 2017

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethanol, a clean and renewable liquid fuel with high heating value, is an attractive strategy for global warming mitigation and resource utilization. However, converting CO2 to ethanol remains great challenge due to the low activity, poor product selectivity and stability of electrocatalysts. Here, the B‐ and N‐co‐doped nanodiamond (BND) was reported as an efficient and stable electrode for selective reduction of CO2 to ethanol. Good ethanol selectivity was achieved on the BND with high Faradaic efficiency of 93.2 % (−1.0 V vs. RHE), which overcame the limitation of low selectivity for multicarbon or high heating value fuels. Its superior performance was mainly originated from the synergistic effect of B and N co‐doping, high N content and overpotential for hydrogen evolution. The possible pathway for CO2 reduction revealed by DFT computation was CO2→*COOH→*CO→*COCO→*COCH2OH→*CH2OCH2OH→CH3CH2OH.
Sulfonated N‐heterocyclic carbine‐silver (I) complexes: Synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation
Authors: Yaşar Şeyma , Köprülü Tuğba Kul , Tekin Şaban , Yaşar Sedat
Published: September 2017

The synthesis, characterisation and biological activity of water‐soluble Ag(I)‐NHC complexes, general formula Na[(NHC)AgCl] where NHC is a sulfonated and sterically hindered N‐heterocyclic carbene, is reported. The Ag‐NHC complexes (2a–e) were synthesised by reacting the corresponding sulfonated NHC ligands with Ag2O in the presence of NaCl or NaBr in methanol/water (1:1) solution. Synthesised silver (I)‐N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes have been characterised by NMR, micro‐analysis and HRMS spectroscopic methods. The IC50 values of these complexes were determined by a proliferation BrdU enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against HeLa (human cervix carcinoma), HT29 (human adenocarcinoma) and L929 (mouse fibroblast) cell lines. These complexes have been highlighted as promising and original platforms for building new types of metalodrug. All new water‐soluble Ag(I) complexes demonstrated remarkable cytotoxic activity against HeLa, HT29 and L929 cell lines.
Preparation of surface‐modified, micrometer‐sized carboxymethyl chitosan drug‐loaded microspheres
Authors: Cao Yuanlong , Ding Yuanyuan , Zhang Liping , Shi Gang , Sang Xinxin , Ni Caihua
Published: September 2017

Drug‐loaded microspheres have attracted much attention in embolization therapy for liver cancer in recent years. Carboxymethyl chitosan has obvious advantages for biomedical applications because of its exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, surface‐modified carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres were prepared by the crosslinking reactions of carboxymethyl chitosan in a reverse suspension system with poly(ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) (PEGDE) as the crosslinking agent; this was followed by the grafting polymerization of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid on the surface of the microspheres. The microspheres showed regular spherical shapes with size distributions ranging from 300 to 600 μm. Ion‐exchange groups (COOH, SO3H) were introduced into the microspheres; these groups could load doxorubicin with a loading rate as high as 34.6% in 24 h. This was an increase of 49.8% compared to that of the pure carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres. Additionally, the microspheres possessed large network structures because macromolecular PEGDE was used as the crosslinking agent. The drug‐release profile showed that the surface‐modified microspheres displayed a sustained‐release manner compared with the nonmodified microspheres in phosphate‐buffered saline. These microspheres have promising applications as drug‐loaded arterial embolization agents for the interventional treatment of tumors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45731.
Untersuchungen zum Bestandsschutz von Holztreppen aus brandschutztechnischer Sicht am Berliner Baurecht
Authors: Meyn Wilhelm
Published: September 2017

Beim „Bauen im Bestand“ müssen Planer von Baumaßnahmen häufig die Entscheidung treffen, nach welchem Rechtsstand das zu bewertende Gebäude oder Bauteil zu beurteilen ist. Nicht immer muss die Bausubstanz nach den heute geltenden Vorschriften eingestuft werden. Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen kann der bauliche Bestand unverändert erhalten bleiben. Beispielhaft wird der „Bestandsschutz“ von Holztreppen in diesem Artikel am Berliner Baurecht untersucht. Hierzu werden die Baupolizei‐ bzw. Bauordnungen im historischen Wandel sowie die Änderungen der geografischen Gültigkeitsbereiche dieser Ordnungen durch die Stadtentwicklung Berlins beschrieben. In praxisbezogenen Beispielen wird die materielle Legalität bzw. Illegalität von Holztreppen aufgrund des zur Zeit der Errichtung gültigen Baurechts überprüft. Die prinzipielle Vorgehensweise, die hier beschrieben wird, kann auch auf andere Bundesländer und andere Bauteile übertragen werden.
Boron and nitrogen co‐doped carbon dots as a sensitive fluorescent probe for the detection of curcumin
Authors: Bian Wei , Wang Xuan , Wang Yakun , Yang Haifen , Huang Jialin , Cai Zongwei , Choi Martin M. F.
Published: September 2017

In this present study, a fluorescent probe was developed to detect curcumin, which is derived from the rhizomes of the turmeric. We used a simple and economical way to synthesize boron and nitrogen co‐doped carbon dots (BNCDs) by microwave heating. The maximum emission wavelength of the BNCDs was 450 nm at an excitation wavelength of 360 nm. The as‐prepared BNCDs were characterized by multiple analytical techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized carbon nanoparticles had an average particle diameter of 4.23 nm. The BNCDs exhibited high sensitivity to the detection of curcumin at ambient conditions. The changes of BNCDs fluorescent intensity show a good linear relationship with the curcumin concentrations in the range 0.2–12.5 μM. This proposed method has been successfully applied to detect the curcumin in urine samples with the recoveries of 96.5–105.5%.
Retributive justifications for jail diversion of individuals with mental disorder
Authors: Johnston E. Lea
Published: September 2017

Jail diversion programs have proliferated across the United States as a means to decrease the incarceration of individuals with mental illnesses. These programs include pre‐adjudication initiatives, such as crisis intervention teams, as well as post‐adjudication programs, such as mental health courts and specialized probationary services. Post‐adjudication programs often operate at the point of sentencing, so their comportment with criminal justice norms is crucial. This article investigates whether and under what circumstances post‐adjudication diversion for offenders with serious mental illnesses may cohere with principles of retributive justice. Key tenets of retributive theory are that punishments must not be inhumane and that their severity must be proportionate to an offender's desert. Three retributive rationales could justify jail diversion for offenders with serious mental illnesses: reduced culpability, the avoidance of inhumane punishment, and the achievement of punishment of equal impact with similarly situated offenders. This article explores current proposals to effectuate these rationales, their manifestations in law, and how these considerations may impact decisions to divert individuals with serious mental illnesses from jail to punishment in the community.
Supramolecular Hydro‐ and Ionogels: A Study of Their Properties and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Rizzo Carla , Arrigo Rossella , Dintcheva Nadka Tz. , Gallo Giuseppe , Giannici Francesco , Noto Renato , Sutera Alberto , Vitale Paola , D'Anna Francesca
Published: September 2017

Diimidazolium‐based organic salts, bearing peptides or amino acids as anions have been synthesised and tested for their gelling ability in biocompatible solvents. These low molecular weight salts were successfully used as gelators in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution and ionic liquids. Then, the properties of the obtained soft materials were analysed in terms of melting temperature and gel strength as accounted for by rheological investigations. The gel‐phase formation was studied by using UV/Vis and resonance light scattering measurements, whereas the morphology of the soft materials was analysed by using polarised optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. To get information about the organisation of the gelator in the gelatinous matrix, X‐ray diffraction measurements were performed both on the neat gelators and their gels. The results collected show that the properties of the gel phases, like the thermal stability, the self‐repairing ability, the resistance to flow as well as the morphology, are dependent on the nature of the anion. Furthermore, bioassays revealed that the obtained diimidazolium organic salts possessed antimicrobial activity, against gram‐negative and gram‐positive tester strains. In particular and noteworthy, the diimidazolium organic salts exert a bactericidal capability, which was retained even if they are included in the gel phase. Thus, a novel kind of bioactive soft material was obtained that could be fruitfully employed as a non‐covalent coating exerting antibacterial capability.
Co3O4@Co/NCNT Nanostructure Derived from a Dicyanamide‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework as an Efficient Bi‐functional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions
Authors: Sikdar Nivedita , Konkena Bharathi , Masa Justus , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: September 2017

There has been growing interest in the synthesis of efficient reversible oxygen electrodes for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reactions (OER), for their potential use in a variety of renewable energy technologies, such as regenerative fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Here, a bi‐functional electrocatalyst, derived from a novel dicyanamide based nitrogen rich MOF {[Co(bpe)2(N(CN)2)]⋅(N(CN)2)⋅(5 H2O)}n [Co‐MOF‐1, bpe=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane, N(CN)2−=dicyanamide] under different pyrolysis conditions is reported. Pyrolysis of the Co‐MOF‐1 under Ar atmosphere (at 800 °C) yielded a Co nanoparticle‐embedded N‐doped carbon nanotube matrix (Co/NCNT‐Ar) while pyrolysis under a reductive H2/Ar atmosphere (at 800 °C) and further mild calcination yielded Co3O4@Co core–shell nanoparticle‐encapsulated N‐doped carbon nanotubes (Co3O4@Co/NCNT). Both catalysts show bi‐functional activity towards ORR and OER, however, the core–shell Co3O4@Co/NCNT nanostructure exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity for both the ORR with a potential of 0.88 V at a current density of −1 mA cm−2 and the OER with a potential of 1.61 V at 10 mA cm−2, which is competitive with the most active bi‐functional catalysts reported previously.
Suggesting the cytologic diagnosis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP): A retrospective analysis of atypical and suspicious nodules
Authors: Strickland Kyle C. , Howitt Brooke E. , Barletta Justine A. , Cibas Edmund S. , Krane Jeffrey F.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

The term “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features” (NIFTP) has replaced a subset of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma due to the indolent behavior of such tumors. NIFTPs are most often classified in an “indeterminate” diagnostic category. In the current study, the authors sought to identify cytologic features helpful in distinguishing NIFTP from other entities in these categories, particularly benign nodules.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively evaluated a consecutive cohort of 130 thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens with an indeterminate diagnosis and available histopathologic follow‐up. All FNA specimens were evaluated using the ThinPrep method. Each FNA was blindly reviewed by 2 board‐certified cytopathologists, who assessed overall cellularity; architectural parameters; and nuclear features, including nuclear pallor and fine chromatin, distinct nucleoli, and irregular nuclear membranes. Each case received a score of 0 to 3, based on the presence or absence of these 3 nuclear features.

RESULTS

Nuclear but not architectural features appeared to distinguish NIFTP from benign nodules. Ninety‐one percent of the NIFTPs (32 of 35 NIFTPs) received a score of ≥2, compared with 35% of benign nodules (23 of 66 benign nodules) (P<.0001). In contrast, NIFTP could not be differentiated from the invasive/infiltrative follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma using these criteria (P = 1.000). Nuclear scoring was found to be especially useful in atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS); a score ≥2 enriched for NIFTP (39% vs 3% of AUS cases with a score <2), whereas a score <2 was more likely benign (85% vs 50% of AUS cases with a score ≥2).

CONCLUSIONS

In indeterminate FNA specimens, the distinction of a possible NIFTP from a benign thyroid nodule can be suggested using a simple nuclear scoring system that is most valuable in AUS aspirates. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:86‐93. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
On Uniqueness for the Harmonic Map Heat Flow in Supercritical Dimensions
Authors: Germain Pierre , Ghoul Tej‐Eddine , Miura Hideyuki
Published: September 2017

We examine the question of uniqueness for the equivariant reduction of the harmonic map heat flow in the energy supercritical dimension d ≥ 3. It is shown that, generically, singular data can give rise to two distinct solutions that are both stable and satisfy the local energy inequality. We also discuss how uniqueness can be retrieved. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DoS detection in WSNs: Energy‐efficient methods for selecting monitoring nodes
Authors: Monnet Quentin , Mokdad Lynda , Ballarini Paolo , Hammal Youcef , Ben‐Othman Jalel
Published: September 2017

The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has increased rapidly over the last years. Due to their low resources, sensors come along with new issues regarding network security and energy consumption. Focusing on the network availability, previous studies proposed to protect clustered network against denial of service attacks with the use of traffic monitoring agents on some nodes. Those control nodes have to analyze the traffic inside a cluster and to send warnings to the cluster head whenever an abnormal behavior (e.g., high packets throughput or non‐retransmission of packets) is detected. But if the control nodes (cNodes) die out of exhaustion, they leave the network unprotected. To better fight against attacks, we try to enhance this solution by renewing periodically the election process. Furthermore, we propose three energy‐aware and secure methods to designate the cNodes in a hierarchically clustered WSN. The first one is a simple self‐election process where nodes randomly designate themselves. It leads to a better load balancing than a static method (i.e., with no renewal), but we argue that we can obtain better results by considering the remaining energy of the nodes at cNodes selection time. Hence, the second algorithm is purely based on the residual energy of the sensors. We discuss limitations of this deterministic process concerning security and cluster coverage and suggest workarounds. These improvements lead us to the third mechanism. It is based on residual energy too, but it includes a democratic election process in which nodes in the cluster vote to optimize the cNode role attribution. Results obtained from simulation experiments with the ns‐2 tool are provided to analyze the energy repartition in the network and to compare the three selection algorithms. All experimental outcomes show improvements of the load balancing in the network, while maintaining good detection coverage, in regard to static selection. Furthermore, the analysis of the respective performances of the three mechanisms is used as a basis to establish recommendations regarding the use cases of those methods. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation and scalability of an open source parallel flow solver
Authors: Bricteux L. , Zeoli S. , Bourgeois N.
Published: September 2017

This article concerns validation and verification (V&V) of the open source OpenFOAM incompressible flow solver that is widely used in both research and industry for the simulation of turbulent flows. Its numerical discretization scheme relies on classical finite volumes that are second order in space on regular grids. The solver is benchmarked using a challenging test case for which direct numerical simulation (DNS) reference data exist. The geometrical configuration of this flow is very simple, yet the behavior of the flow is 3D, complex, and unsteady, requiring an accurate flow solver to capture the associated physics. The physical problem addressed here requires huge computational grids. Computations are thus carried using parallel domain decomposition methods on a fairly large number of cores. The validation study performed here is particularly severe as it consists in comparing OpenFOAM results with DNS data obtained using high‐order codes. As simulations of turbulent flows require great computational resources, results concerning strong and weak scalability of the OpenFOAM flow solver are also presented. The performances of the code are assessed on two different HPC infrastructures. The experiences carried here show that OpenFOAM scales fairly up to 1000 cores on a Tier‐1cluster. The influences of the processor hardware and network topology are also highlighted. This study also provides profiling diagnostics thanks to the Integrated Performance Monitor (IPM).
Identifying the Elusive Framework Niobium in NbS‐1 Zeolite by UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Yong , Wang Xinping , Zhang Lejian
Published: September 2017

It was found that bands at 739, 963, and 1107 cm−1 in the resonant Raman spectra are characteristics of framework penta‐coordinated NbV−OH species, and that a band at 1336 cm−1 in the UV Raman spectrum with excitation line at 320 nm is a sensitive detector for identifying extra‐framework niobium species. The change of framework penta‐coordinated NbV−OH species into Nb+ and NbO− species due to dehydration was definitively confirmed based on UV resonance Raman and UV/Vis results.
Evaluate requests for exotic animals, multiple animals as ESAs
Authors: Masinter Michael
Published: September 2017

Schools report a rising number of requests for emotional support animal accommodations in campus housing. Increasingly, some requests propose to bring exotic animals and even multiple animals as ESAs. When the animal is a dog or a cat, schools should already have well‐established documentation policies that address the claimed therapeutic need for the ESA. But what about exotic species or multiple animals? What obligations do schools have when presented with such requests?
Accommodating students on anatomy and other lab practical exams
Authors: Meeks Lisa M. , Jain Neera R.
Published: September 2017

Determining accommodations for anatomy and other lab exams (often referred to as “practicals”) takes coordination, a team effort, and a commitment to full access. Faculty may believe that accommodations are not possible in complex lab environments. Logistical challenges and questions about fundamental alteration are often at the crux of these concerns.
A review of chemical ‘spot’ tests: A presumptive illicit drug identification technique
Authors: Philp Morgan , Fu Shanlin
Published: September 2017

Chemical ‘spot’ tests are a presumptive illicit drug identification technique commonly used by law enforcement, border security personnel, and forensic laboratories. The simplicity, low cost, and rapid results afforded by these tests make them particularly attractive for presumptive identification globally. In this paper, we review the development of these long‐established methods and discuss color test recommendations and guidelines. A search of the scientific literature revealed the chemical reactions occurring in many color tests are either not actively investigated or reported as unknown. Today, color tests face many challenges, from the appearance of new psychoactive substances to concerns regarding selectivity, sensitivity, and safety. Advances in technology have seen color test reagents used in digital image color analysis, solid sensors, and microfluidic devices for illicit drug detection. This summarizes current research and suggests the future of presumptive color testing.
Morphology and Spelling in French: A Comparison of At‐Risk Readers and Typically Developing Children
Authors: Koh Poh Wee , Shakory Sharry , Chen Xi , Deacon S. Hélène
Published: September 2017

We present two studies that examine the role of morphology in French spelling. In Study 1, we examined the concurrent and longitudinal relationships between inflectional awareness and derivational awareness and spelling within a sample of 77 children in a French immersion programme in Canada. Children completed a non‐verbal reasoning measure and French measures of phonological awareness, word reading, vocabulary, morphological awareness, and spelling. Results showed that inflectional morphological awareness in Grade 3 was a predictor of spelling in the same grade. Inflectional awareness in Grade 2 predicted Grade 3 spelling, controlling for reading‐related skills and spelling at Grade 2. These analyses support the role of inflectional morphological awareness in the development of spelling of children of a range of reading and spelling abilities. In contrast, derivational awareness in Grades 2 and 3 did not predict spelling concurrently in both grades respectively. Study 2 contrasted the morphological errors in the spellings of six children at risk for reading difficulties with those of six chronological age‐matched and six reading level‐matched children. Analyses showed that at‐risk children exhibited more difficulties with spelling roots and suffixes in words as compared with their age‐matched peers, although they performed similarly to children matched on reading level. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symptom trajectories throughout two family therapy treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Murray Stuart B. , Pila Eva , Le Grange Daniel , Sawyer Susan M. , Hughes Elizabeth K.
Published: September 2017

Objective

This study aimed to examine the trajectory of symptom remission and affective functioning throughout the course of two family‐based treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN): conjoint family‐based treatment (FBT) and parent‐focused treatment (PFT).

Method

Participants were 107 adolescents (Mage = 15.5 years, SD = 1.5) with a primary diagnosis of AN who participated in a randomized clinical trial comparing FBT (N = 55) and PFT (N = 51). Patient weight and self‐reported assessments of dietary restraint and positive and negative affect were recorded at regular intervals throughout treatment.

Results

Multilevel models revealed increases in weight (β = 0.33, p < .001) and positive affect (β = 0.03, p < .001), and decreases in dietary restraint (β = –0.03, p < .001) and negative affect (β = −0.04, p < .001) over the course of treatment. No significant effects emerged by treatment type.

Discussion

These findings suggest that PFT may bring about comparable trajectories of weight gain and reduced dietary restraint as conjoint FBT, despite adolescents not being directly involved in treatment. These findings also highlight that the exclusively behavioral focus throughout both PFT and FBT is associated with significant increments in positive affect and significant reductions in negative affect.
Development of Hands‐Free Remote Operation System for a Mobile Robot Using EOG and EMG
Authors: GOTO SATORU , YANO OSAMU , MATSUDA YOSHITAKA , SUGI TAKENAO , EGASHIRA NARUTO
Published: September 2017

In this research, a hands‐free remote operation system for a mobile robot using electrooculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) is developed. The EOG and EMG signals are acquired from one set of electrodes on temples and these are separated by bandpass filter. Four control commands of mobile robot motion generated by processed EOG and EMG signals are transmitted to the mobile robot via wireless communication. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed remote operation system.
A Cooperative Control Algorithm for Multiple SVRs Using Correlation of Measurement Data of Distribution Line
Authors: WATANABE MASAHIRO , TAKAHASHI REIJI , MATSUDA KATSUHIRO , SETO TOSHIYUKI
Published: September 2017

In this paper, a cooperative control algorithm for multiple step voltage regulator (SVR) using correlation of measurement data of distribution line is proposed. Conventionally, the control time constant of a SVR placed on the feeder end side was set slower than a SVR placed on the substation side. The unnecessary tap movement of SVR was reduced by this setting. In this case, on the condition that “the photovoltaic power generation output of the feeder end fluctuates” and “only SVR of the end side works”, it is a problem that control of SVR becomes slow. By the proposed method, the SVR settled in end side of a feeder can change its tap rapidly only if the SVR settled in sending side of a feeder will not change its tap by using proposed method. The features of the method are followings: (1) to estimate tap change possibility of the sending side SVR using correlation model of both of the SVR, (2) only use local measurement data of the SVRs for tap change control. By the proposed method, unnecessary tap change operation and lag of tap control are reduced without communication networks.
Deadbeat Control with Disturbance Compensation Method and 1 MHz‐PLL for Single Phase Utility Interactive Inverter
Authors: HANASHIMA YUICHI , YOKOYAMA TOMOKI
Published: September 2017

In the near future, many distributed power systems will be connected to utility lines in the local area. The demand for control accuracy of utility interactive inverters will likely increase beyond present capabilities. The utility interactive inverter requires FRT capability to compensate for utility voltage fluctuations. A deadbeat control with disturbance compensation and 1 MHz‐PLL control with quasi‐dq transformation were applied to a utility interactive inverter using an FPGA based hardware controller. The FRT characteristics were verified through simulations and experiments, and the superior characteristics of the proposed method were verified.
New Hybrid‐Excited Motor Using Armature Windings as Field Flux Source
Authors: KUSASE SHIN , KURIHARA KAZUMI
Published: September 2017

In this paper, a new hybrid‐excited motor is proposed. Its unique feature is that it has no field exciting coil, despite being a type of bypass yoke core (BYC) hybrid‐excited synchronous motor. Based on finite element analysis (FEA), the following facts are clarified. Since the stator coil magnetomotive force (MMF) and claw poles rotate at the same speed and in the same direction, they are motionless relative to each other. Since the claw poles are located at one of its ends near the BYC surface with a gap, it receives immovable magnetization by the stator coil MMF through the BYC; then the claw poles can supply a magnetic field flux via the BYC. This flux via the BYC increases the total torque, because its torque is added the two other torque components: the permanent magnet torque and claw poles reluctance torque. In addition, the magnetic polarity and the amount of the flux of the claw poles can be varied by controlling the armature current phase angle.
Platinum(IV) Complexes Featuring Axial Michael Acceptor Ligands – Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Sommerfeld Nadine S. , Strohhofer Daniel , Cseh Klaudia , Theiner Sarah , Jakupec Michael A. , Koellensperger Gunda , Galanski Mathea Sophia , Keppler Bernhard K.
Published: September 2017

A series of four new (1R,2R)‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamineplatinum(IV) complexes featuring axial Michael acceptor ligands on the basis of the thiol‐affine maleimide moiety is presented. The complexes vary in their equatorial ligand sphere (bearing additionally one bidentate oxalate ligand or two monodentate acetate ligands) as well as in their axial Michael acceptor unit (pyrroledione, methylenedioxopyrrolidine, methyldioxodihydropyrrole). Hydrolysis, reaction behavior towards cysteine in water and phosphate buffered saline, and towards human serum albumin was monitored using HPLC, 1H NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography coupled to ICP‐MS, respectively. Reaction with cysteine at pH = 7 was instant and complete within three minutes. In contrast, derivatization of the maleimide moiety resulted in decreased binding kinetics of the complex, especially within the first hour of incubation with human serum. In stability studies using analytical HPLC and 1H NMR spectroscopic measurements, we observed a concentration‐dependent stability for the maleimide‐containing complex 3 and the methyl derivatized compound 4. A significant increase in hydrolysis rate (up to 100 %) was found at 0.01 mm in comparison to a solution of 1 mm. In contrast, the exocyclic derivatization (5, 6) led to an overall stability in water. The antiproliferative behavior revealed IC50 values mainly in the low micromolar range for all complexes.
Luminescence and Single‐Molecule‐Magnet Behaviour in Lanthanide Coordination Complexes Involving Benzothiazole‐Based Tetrathiafulvalene Ligands
Authors: Kishi Yosuke , Cornet Louis , Pointillart Fabrice , Riobé François , Lefeuvre Bertrand , Cador Olivier , Le Guennic Boris , Maury Olivier , Fujiwara Hideki , Ouahab Lahcène
Published: September 2017

The two ligands 4‐[6‐(1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl)pyridin‐3‐yl]‐4′,5′‐bis(methylthio)tetrathiafulvene (L1) and 4‐[6‐(1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl)pyridin‐3‐yl]‐4′,5′‐(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvene (L2) were developed, and six new lanthanide coordination complexes, namely, [Ln2(hfac)6(L1)2]·C6H14·xCH2Cl2 [Ln = Dy and x = 0.25 (1); Ln = Yb and x = 0.30 (2); hfac– = 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoroacetylacetonate], [Ln(hfac)3(L2)] [Ln = Dy (3), Yb (4)] and [Ln(tta)3(L1)] [Ln = Yb (5), Er (6); tta– = 2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetylacetonate], were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compounds 1–6 were identified as mononuclear complexes, and the crystal packing depends on the natures of the ancillary and tetrathiafulvalene‐based ligands. The two dysprosium derivatives, 1 and 3, displayed single‐molecule‐magnet behaviour in zero applied magnetic field. Although the near‐infrared luminescence of 2 and 4 is almost undetectable, the change of ancillary ligand switched on the YbIII (5) and ErIII (6) luminescence.
Refinement of the Microwave‐Assisted Polyol Process for the Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Intermetallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Teichert Johannes , Heise Martin , Chang Jen‐Hui , Ruck Michael
Published: September 2017

The microwave‐assisted polyol process was applied to synthesize phase‐pure micro‐ or nanocrystalline intermetallic phases in the systems T–M (T = Co, Ni, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt and M = Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi). Reaction temperatures range between 240 and 300 °C, and reaction times of a few minutes up to 1 h are sufficient. For optimization of the syntheses, the reaction temperature, reaction time, and metal precursors were changed. To obtain phase‐pure samples the process was further modified by the addition of potassium hydroxide, oleylamine, or oleic acid. Single‐phase powders of a variety of intermetallic compounds were synthesized. Although not stable at the temperature of synthesis, high‐temperature phases are accessible as well. The microwave‐assisted polyol process opens up the possibility to synthesize intermetallic compounds through a fast and easily applicable one‐step route, without utilization of strong and often toxic reducing agents.
Fluorescent Crystals of Zwitterionic Imidazolium Pyridinolates: A Rational Design for Solid‐State Emission Based on the Twisting Control of Proemissive N‐Aryl Imidazolium Platforms
Authors: Komiya Naruyoshi , Yoshida Atsushi , Zhang Di , Inoue Ryo , Kawamorita Soichiro , Naota Takeshi
Published: September 2017

The synthesis and structural variations in solid‐state emission of zwitterionic imidazolium pyridinolates are described. N‐Alkylimidazolium 2‐pyridin‐3‐olate 1 exhibits intense blue emission at ambient temperature (Φ298 K = 0.44, λmax = 424 nm) in the crystalline state, while phenolate 2, another pyridinolate analogue bearing the nitrogen atom at a different position on the pyridine ring 3, and N‐phenylimidazolium ring 4 are less emissive (Φ298 K = 0.05, 0.05, and 0.04) under the same measurement conditions. Temperature‐dependent emission spectra indicate that crystal 1 exhibits high heat‐resistance properties towards emission decay and redshifting thermochromism upon increasing temperature, both of which are in contrast with the heat quenching and blueshift properties of phenolate analogue crystal 2 under the same measurement conditions. XRD analysis and DFT calculations revealed that the effect of the 2‐pyridinolate functionality on the specific efficiency and thermochromism in the crystalline‐state fluorescence of imidazolium arenolates arises from specific restriction of molecular rotation and the resultant molecular constraints in the crystals.