bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A presentation of aids-related ophthalmic disease in a severely immunocompromised patient
Authors: Chetrit Sally
Published: May 2019

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) retinopathy is the most common ocular manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), serving as an important marker for patients with significantly compromised immune status who are at risk for developing severe and visionthreatening ocular opportunistic infections. This case report describes a presentation of HIV retinopathy and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, and reviews the current management options.

Case Report: A 40-year-old black male presented for a comprehensive eye exam to rule out HIV-related ophthalmic disease. At his initial visit, a dilated fundus examination revealed HIV retinopathy of the left eye. Upon subsequent examinations and as his immune status diminished, the patient developed CMV retinitis of the right eye. The patient was treated successfully with a course of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and oral valgancyclovir. 

Conclusion: CMV retinitis is the most common ocular opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Treatment with systemic HAART and concomitant anti-CMV therapy leads to reconstitution of the immune system and regression of the retinitis.
Patient and practitioner compliance with silicone hydrogel and daily disposable lens replacement in Canada
Authors: Richter Doris , Dumbleton Kathy , Guthrie Sarah , Woods Craig , Jones Lyndon , Fonn Desmond
Published: May 2019

Purpose: To assess current recommendations by optometrists for replacement frequency (RF) of silicone hydrogels (SH) and daily disposable (DD) contact lenses in Canada, determine rates of non-compliance with recommendations by both the optometrist and patient, and investigate reasons for non-compliance.

Methods: Survey packages were sent to optometrists in Canada who had agreed to participate. Patients completed survey questions regarding demographics and contact lens wearing patterns, including recommended and actual contact lens RF. Optometrists were asked to provide lens information and their recommendation for RF. Fifty-eight optometrists returned 654 surveys, of which 578 were eligible for analysis.

Results: Seventy percent of patients were female with a median age of 32 years. Lens type distribution was 18% DD, 35% two-week SH, and 47% one-month SH. Six percent were worn for extended wear. Daily wear median wearing time was 12 hours/day, a median of five days/week for DD, seven days/week for SH (two-week and one-month). Optometrists’ recommendations were non-compliant with the manufacturers’ recommended RF for 6% of DD, 35% of two week, and 2% of one-month patients. Patients were non-compliant with recommendations from both the manufacturer and optometrist for 12% of DD, 43% of two-week, and 31% of one-month lens wearers. The most common reason for non-compliance was forgetting which day to replace lenses. Fifty-six percent thought a reminder system would help with compliance. A higher proportion of compliant patients followed the RF because of confidence in their optometrist.

Conclusions: Optometrists generally recommended RFs consistent with manufacturers’ recommendations for DD and one-month SH lenses but often recommended longer intervals for two-week SH lenses. Patients were most compliant when wearing DD lenses and least compliant when wearing two-week SH lenses. Communication between the patient and optometrists concerning the risks of non-compliance, or initiating a reminder system might improve compliance.
Vision Institute Special Report
Authors: Chris Paul
Published: May 2019

A Report on 2011 Aboriginal Vision Health Awareness Year
Rapport spécial de l'Institut de la vision
Authors: Chris Paul
Published: May 2019

Rapport sur l’Année de la sensibilisation à la santé oculaire des Autochtones de 2011
Smoking and Blindness What Optometrists Want their Patients to See
Authors: Spafford Marlee M , Kennedy Ryan D , Iley Matthew D , Schultz Annette S.H.
Published: May 2019

Most smokers are not aware that their tobacco use is a preventable cause of blindness. Despite the important role optometrists can have impacting patient health choices; their voice has been largely silent in the development of tobacco cessation practice guidelines and health promotion strategies. In this study, we use the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC) Four Country Survey to describe the level of Canadian smokers’ knowledge of the association of smoking with blindness and we use focus groups to elicit ideas from Canadian optometrists and senior optometry students about blindness-related graphic warning labels.
Improved ways to screen for patients with Fabry disease, involving optometry in a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Michaud Langis , Auray-Blais Christiane
Published: May 2019

Purpose: Fabry disease is considered a rare disease, based on its prevalence. It is recognized, however, that there are many individuals aff ected who are unscreened. This article aims to demonstrate how optometrists can help to defi ne improved ways to screen patients aff ected by this rare metabolic disorder, in a multidisciplinary perspective.

Methods: A screening model, based on continuous education for optometrists was developed. Under this model, suspect patients identifi ed by optometrists are referred to Université de Montréal's vision clinic (EOUM) for further testing and assessment. Should ocular manifestations and/or case history prove relevant to these rare diseases, a urinary test is then performed to fi nd related biomarkers. When suspicions narrow to probable Fabry disease, the subjects are referred to metabolic disorder specialists for complete DNA testing and medical follow-up of their condition.

Results: Continuous education lectures were given across Quebec, reaching nearly 60% of the province’s optometrists. Sixteen months following the model's implementation, ten suspected patients were referred. Of these, two new Fabry patients were confi rmed, leading to the diagnosis of fi ve other relatives with the disease. Two additional persons, diagnosed as Fabry patients, but lost to medical follow-up for many years, were once again placed under the care of Fabry experts. To this point, because of optometric involvement, seven new patients of Fabry were diagnosed and two were brought back under experts care. 

Conclusion: Continuous education lectures were given across Quebec, reaching near 60% of the province’s optometrists. Sixteen months following the model's implementation, ten suspected patients were referred. Of these, two new Fabry patients were confi rmed, leading to the diagnosis of fi ve other relatives with the disease. Two additional persons, diagnosed as Fabry patients, but lost to medical follow-up for many years, were once again placed under the care of Fabry experts. To this point, because of optometric involvement, seven new patients of Fabry were diagnosed and two were brought back under experts care.
Under pressure: a review of normal-tension glaucoma
Authors: MacDonald Derek
Published: May 2019

On average, every third patient with glaucomatous optic neuropathy will present with intraocular pressure within the statistically normal range, manifesting normal-tension glaucoma. Eye care practitioners (and their patients) will benefi t from a familiarity with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this condition, including similarities to, and diff erences from, primary open-angle glaucoma, and the important roles played by the central nervous system and systemic vascular status.
Diagnosis and management of a full thickness macular hole
Authors: Fontaine Nicolas , Olivier Sébastien
Published: May 2019

Background: First stage macular holes are not always easily identified without the use of medical imagery. Differential diagnosis from other macular conditions is possible with a keen eye and the use of a binocular fundus lens. However, the advent of optical coherence tomography facilitates accurate diagnosis.

Case Report: This report demonstrates a classical case of a full thickness macular hole. The clinical signs are not pathognomonic at first, but typical signs develop in the following weeks. The different stages of the disease are described, as well as current state of surgical treatment and possible outcomes.

Conclusions: Early diagnosis allows quick visual recovery. Nevertheless, this condition can be treated up to one year after occurrence with significant improvement of visual function.
Eye See Eye Learn L’avantage des examens complets de la vue chez les enfants d’âge préscolaire
Authors: Jones Deborah A , Chiarelli Catherine A , Robinson Barbara A , MacDonald Karen E
Published: May 2019

Objectifs : Chez les enfants, les problèmes de vision non détectés peuvent entraîner une perte permanente de la vision, problème appelé amblyopie. La détection et le traitement précoces des causes de l’amblyopie peuvent éviter cette perte de vision. Cette communication vise à chercher des éléments probants démontrant que les examens complets de la vue au moment de l’entrée en prématernelle constituent un moyen efficace de repérer et de traiter rapidement les problèmes de vision.

Méthodes : Nous avons étudié des publications pertinentes critiquées par des pairs portant sur l’amblyopie et sur l’importance des examens complets de la vue. Les aspects précis étudiés comprennent la prévalence et les causes de l’amblyopie, l’effet des problèmes de vision sur le développement et l’éducation de l’enfant, l’effet de l’amblyopie ou du strabisme sur la qualité de vie et la rentabilité du traitement de l’amblyopie. Nous avons évalué aussi la validité de ces tests de dépistage comparativement à l’examen complet de la vue.

Résumé : L ’étude indique que sans examen complet de la vue, beaucoup de problèmes oculovisuels ne sont pas détectés à l’arrivée de l’enfant à l’école. S’ils ne sont pas corrigés, ces problèmes ont un effet négatif sur le développement, l’éducation et la qualité de vie de l’enfant. La baisse de la vue causée par l’amblyopie limite aussi les possibilités d’emploi futures et accroît le risque de déficience visuelle bilatérale chez l’adulte. Des méthodes d’examen très sensibles et spécifiques s’imposent pour repérer ces problèmes avec précision. Des études montrent que le traitement de l’amblyopie à un jeune âge constitue une des interventions les plus rentables en santé.

Conclusion : Les publications contiennent de bons éléments de preuve indiquant qu’un examen complet de la vue joue un rôle crucial dans la détection de tous les cas d’amblyopie. Il est possible de détecter et de traiter l’amblyopie et d’autres problèmes de vision à un jeune âge, ce qui améliore les résultats reliés à la vue, à la qualité de vie et à l’économie. Le programme Eye See Eye Learn offre « l'étalon-or » des soins oculovisuels.
Management of Post-LASiK Keratoectasia with a Piggyback Contact Lens System
Authors: Haines Lacey , Sorbara Luigina
Published: May 2019

This case report highlights the clinical challenges involved in managing a patient with post-LASiK keratoectasia. A single case is presented with a focus on contact lens fitting and concurrent ocular surface disease. A review of the literature indicates that current screening methods prior to refractive surgery have made improvements for detecting patients at higher risk of serious complications. Possible treatment options for iatrogenic keratoconus include contact lenses, intrastromal corneal ring segments, corneal cross linking, and keratoplasty. This report demonstrates that post-LASiK keratoectasia with concurrent ocular surface disease can be successfully managed with a piggyback contact lens system.
Eye on Denver
Authors: Dalton Kristine , Bitton Etty
Published: May 2019

The annual American Academy of Optometry (AAO) meeting had another record-breaking year in Denver this past november. A total of 6,323 attendees made this meeting the largest on record, despite the sub-zero temperatures and biting winds. Among the attendees were 218 Canadian optometrists and 71 students, residents, and librarians from both Canadian schools. Overall student attendance hit a record high this year, with 995 optometry students attending in total. the faculty and students from the two Canadian schools were once again very involved in the meeting, presenting posters, research talks, and Ce lectures and being honoured with awards.
Becoming Visionary: Evaluation of a Comprehensive Eye Exam Clinic Within a Geriatric Rehabilitation Setting
Authors: Klein Jennifer , Schmidt Cathryn , Bandali Aleem , McKenzie Ross
Published: May 2019

In the older adult population, visual impairments are highly prevalent, but largely undiagnosed. Research has shown that such visual impairments increase the risk of falls, depression, and mortality amongst older adults. Studies are lacking that examine the impact of implementing an eye exam clinic within a hospital setting. The goal of this proposed study was to evaluate the feasibility of having community optometrists offer a Comprehensive Eye Exam (CEE) Clinic for detecting vision loss within a geriatric rehabilitation setting. Findings revealed 83% of participants were diagnosed with detectable vision problem of which more than half were previously undiagnosed. One third of participants had not seen an eye specialist within the past two years. The CEE Clinic was implemented with minimal expenses, low workload burden on staff, and detected significant vision issues among many participants.
Replacing Gas Permeable Lenses: The Benefit of a Professional in Office Dispense
Authors: Shibayama Vivian Phan , Weissman Barry
Published: May 2019

Replacing Gas Permeable Lenses: The Benefit of a Professional in Office Dispense
Sulcoflex Piggyback Intraocular Lens Implantation For Correction Of Refractive Errors Following Cataract Surgery
Authors: Purba Mona , Mardinger Cynthia , Hibma Abby , Gimbel Howard V
Published: May 2019

Purpose: To investigate the visual and refractive outcomes following implantation of a Sulcoflex intraocular lens (IOL) to correct pseudophakic refractive error.

Methods: This retrospective chart review included 14 pseudophakic eyes of 13 patients who underwent implantation of a Sulcoflex IOL. The Sulcoflex IOL is a piggyback IOL technique where a secondary, supplementary lens is implanted in the ciliary sulcus.

Results: Eleven eyes (78.6%) had a postoperative SE within 0.50 D of the targeted SE. Preoperative UDVA was 20/30 in 4 eyes (28.6%), and 20/40 or worse in 10 eyes (71.4%). Postoperative UDVA was 20/30 or better in all eyes, where half (50.0%) of eyes were 20/20 or better. The mean preoperative logMAR (0.50 ± 0.33) significantly improved to 0.06 ± 0.09, p<.01. There were no complications.

Conclusions. The significant improvement in UDVA and the precision in reaching the target refraction suggest that the Sulcoflex is a viable and successful treatment option for pseudophakic refractive error.
Corneal Dystrophy Adds to the Frustration of a Dry Eye Patient
Authors: Zakem Michelle , Bitton Etty
Published: May 2019

PURPOSEThis case report highlights how epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD), coupled with dry eye, can contribute to symptoms of unstable vi-sion and discomfort. This report also reviews corneal dystrophies and offers eye care practitioners (ECPs) clinical pearls for identifying key features. CASE REPORTA 62-year-old Caucasian female presented for a dry eye evaluation due to fluctuating vision and longstanding ocular discomfort, despite ocular lubri-cation. Anterior segment examination revealed Meibomian gland dysfunc-tion (MGD), upper lid margin staining (ULMS) and anterior blepharitis. The patient was unaware of a pre-existing EBMD and this lack of knowl-edge contributed to her frustration concerning her unstable vision, which she had solely attributed to her glasses. Management included warm com-presses for MGD and targeted preservative-free artificial tears for ULMS and EBMD. Photographs were essential for educating the patient with respect to the irregularities of the ocular surface and its effect on vision. This provided a deeper understanding of the multifactorial nature of her symptoms.CONCLUSIONUnstable and/or poor vision is among the main reasons why patients con-sult ECPs and it can be difficult to identify contributory factors. This report highlights that additional chair time may be warranted to educate patients on the multifactorial nature of dry eye and the complexities of corneal dys-trophy.
Idiopathic Juxtafoveal Telangiectasia
Authors: Haynes Jessica , Williamson Jim
Published: May 2019

Idiopathic Juxtafoveal Telangiectasia (IJT), also called Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia, is a group of disorders with varying etiologies that share the common finding of telangiectatic vessels in the juxtafoveal region of the macula. IJT is classically divided into three groups, each with clinically dis-tinct findings and differing etiologies. Type I typically occurs unilaterally, primarily affects males, and is thought to be congenital. Vision loss usually results from macular edema. The most common type, II, normally presents bilaterally, has no sex predilection, and is thought to be acquired. Vision loss occurs not from edema, but from retinal atrophy. The last type, III, is extremely rare and is usually found in association with coexisting systemic or neurological disorders. Vision loss most likely results from retinal isch-emia. This paper will describe classifications, clinical findings, etiologies, and treatment options of IJT along with patient case figures.
Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Lifferth Austin R.
Published: May 2019

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is projected to affect more than 79.6 million people by 2020, over 10% of whom will be bilaterally blind.1

This multifactorial progressive optic neuropathy causes characteristic retinal nerve fiber layer damage that will eventually lead to associated glaucomatous visual field defects if left untreated. Unfortunately, these visual field defects are difficult for the patient to detect until more advanced stages and, as a result, early glaucoma is usually asymptomatic.2

This paper presents a case that is consistent with population studies that suggest that as many as half of people with glaucoma are unaware that they have the disease.3
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Huddleston Amy , Phan Tyler , Tucker Tiffany
Published: May 2019

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a disease of the choroidal vasculature that may result in sub-retinal hemorrhage and serous detachment of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), leading to sub-retinal brosis and, sometimes, permanent vision loss. This report describes a case of PCV in an African-American female over the course of 1 year and demonstrates the progression of PCV, from being relatively asymptomatic to the development of a visually significant sub-retinal hemorrhage. She is currently being treated with Avastin intravitreal injections with some resolution of her symptoms and a reduction of sub-retinal bleeding.
Nouveautés et thérapies ´émergentes pour le glaucome
Authors: Wroten Chris
Published: May 2019

On ne sait au juste quand la neuropathie optique progressive qu’est le glaucome a été découverte, mais elle est décrite dans la documentation médicale depuis les temps anciens. Hippocrate a évoqué la c´écité des personnes âgées qu’il a appelée « glaykoseis ». Bien plus tard, un ophtalmologue anglais, Richard Banister,a été le premier à constater un rapport de corrélation avec une pression intraoculaire (PIO) élevée. L’invention de l’ophtalmoscope par Hermann von Helmholtz au milieu des années 1800 a permis une première visualisation in vivo des changements glaucomateux du nerf optique et, en 1862, Franciscus Donders a inventé le terme « Glaukoma simplex » pour décrire la cécité résultant d’une PIO élevée. Peu après, l’invention du tonomètre, le développement de la périmétrie et l’utilisation de la cocaïne comme anesthésique ont fait progresser le diagnostic du glaucome.
Top Legal Risks and Regulatory Trends Facing Canadian Optometrists
Authors: WLG Gowling
Published: May 2019

Doctors of Optometry are subject to many of the same legal risks and trends facing most regulated health professionals in Canada. These legal exposures range in scale from College investigations into an optometrist’s billing practices to seven-figure lawsuits alleging that an optometrist failed to appropriately diagnose andrefer a patient for further investigation and treatment. This article uses information gained through calls made by insured optometrists to the Canadian Association of Optometrist (CAO)’s Insurance Program pro bono legal services hotline along with over 15 years of program claims data to provide an overview of common legal risks and regulatory trends affecting the profession.
Survey of Occupational Musculoskeletal Pain and Injury in Canadian Optometry
Authors: Uhlman Kathryn , Diaconita Vlad , Mao Alexander , Mather Rookaya
Published: May 2019

Objective:

A growing concern in optometry is the incidence and prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and injury, with no studies assessing Canadian professionals. However, the risk of work-related MSK pain in optometry has become widely recognized by the profession and literature as having a negative impact on the health and careers of optometrists. The goal of this study was to quantify prevalence and location of MSK pain in Canadian optometrists and estimate practices that may be associated with MSK issues.

Methods:

A voluntary, internet-based survey (SurveyMonkey Inc., San Mateo, CA, United States) was distributed to all optometrists registered with the Canadian Association of Optometry (CAO). Survey questions were adapted from the literature to identify the prevalence and significance of work-related MSK issues.

Results:

One-hundred-twenty-one optometrists, with a response rate of 2.4%, and 169 ophthalmologists, with a response rate of 17% participated in a voluntary internet-based survey. When asked if they had experienced pain attributed to their work in the last 12 months, 61% of optometry responders said “yes”, compared to 50% of ophthalmology responders (p=0.06). Shoulder pain was reported in 41% of optometry responders, lower back pain in 37% and neck pain in 34%. This was compared to 28% (p=0.02), 36% (p=0.90) and 46% (p=0.04) respectively in ophthalmology responders. Optometry respondents most commonly attributed MSK pain to “performing the same task over and over”, “working in the same position” and “slit lamp exams”.

 Conclusion:

Many of the eye-care responders in our study were impacted by work-related MSK pain. The prevalence, location and severity of pain were similar to findings in other literature. More research is needed to determine best practices for prevention and solution of MSK pain among eye-care professionals.
The Role of Inflammation in Diabetes: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives
Authors: Tsalamandris Sotirios , Antonopoulos Alexios S , Oikonomou Evangelos , Papamikroulis George-Aggelos , Vogiatzi Georgia , Papaioannou Spyridon , Deftereos Spyros , Tousoulis Dimitris
Published: May 2019

Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder affecting the glucose status of the human body. Chronic hyperglycaemia related to diabetes is associated with end organ failure. The clinical relationship between diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is well established. This makes therapeutic approaches that simultaneously target diabetes and atherosclerotic disease an attractive area for research. The majority of people with diabetes fall into two broad pathogenetic categories, type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The role of obesity, adipose tissue, gut microbiota and pancreatic beta cell function in diabetes are under intensive scrutiny with several clinical trials to have been completed while more are in development. The emerging role of inflammation in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T1D) pathophysiology and associated metabolic disorders, has generated increasing interest in targeting inflammation to improve prevention and control of the disease. After an extensive review of the possible mechanisms that drive the metabolic pattern in T1D and T2D and the inflammatory pathways that are involved, it becomes ever clearer that future research should focus on a model of combined suppression for various inflammatory response pathways.
Sodium–glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure: Potential Mechanisms of Action, Adverse Effects and Future Developments
Authors: Tamargo Juan
Published: May 2019

Heart failure is a common complication in patients with diabetes, and people with both conditions present a worse prognosis. Sodium– glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) increase urinary glucose excretion, improving glycaemic control. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), some SGLT2Is reduce major cardiovascular events, heart failure hospitalisations and worsening of kidney function independent of glycaemic control. Multiple mechanisms (haemodynamic, metabolic, hormonal and direct cardiac/renal effects) have been proposed to explain these cardiorenal benefits. SGLT2Is are generally well tolerated, but can produce rare serious adverse effects, and the benefit/risk ratio differs between SGLT2Is. This article analyses the mechanisms underlying the cardiorenal benefits and adverse effects of SGLT2Is in patients with T2D and heart failure and outlines some questions to be answered in the near future.
Variabilitas Hidrologis dan Dinamika Produksi Garam Pada Beragam Kondisi ENSO di Kabupaten Pati dan Rembang
Authors: Bramawanto Rikha , Ratnawati Herlina Ika , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: May 2019

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) merupakan salah satu fenomena global yang terbukti mempengaruhi curah hujan dan sekaligus produksi garam di Indonesia. Kajian ini menggali informasi karakteristik variabilitas hidrologis pada beragam kejadian ENSO. Tujuannya untuk memperoleh gambaran kondisi optimum (maksimum dan minimum) hidrologis yang mendukung produksi garam. Dinamika produksi garam di Pati dan Rembang cenderung selaras dengan perubahan kejadian ENSO. Kondisi hidrologis optimum yang terjadi agar produksi garam dapat tetap berlangsung antara lain terdiri dari rata-rata SPL 28,3 - 28,5 ⁰C, rata-rata laju evaporasi 5,8 - 6,3 mm/hari, rata-rata laju presitipasi 0,45 - 4,5 mm/hari dan kadar salinitas 32,7- 32,8 PSU. Dalam kajian ini kondisi maksimum terjadi saat El Niño kuat tahun 2015 berlangsung, dan kondisi minimum terjadi saat ENSO netral tahun 2014 berlangsung.  Nilai rata-rata SPL, laju evaporasi dan laju presitipasi yang melebihi kondisi minimum serta salinitas yang kurang dari kondisi miminum akan berpotensi mengakibatkan gagal panen garam seperti tahun 2016. Informasi ini bermanfaat bagi petambak garam untuk menekan risiko kerugian akibat fase ekstrim dari ENSO.
Rotación y desempeño laboral de los profesionales de enfermería en un instituto especializado
Authors: Campos Avellaneda Patricia Isabel , Gutiérrez Crespo Hugo , Matzumura Kasano Juan Pedro
Published: May 2019

Introducción: La rotación de personal constituye una parte importante de la gestión de recursos humanos y, por ende, debe considerar sus efectos directos o indirectos sobre el desempeño laboral. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre rotación y desempeño laboral de los profesionales de enfermería en un instituto especializado en oftalmología. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio correlacional, prospectivo, de corte transversal. Se aplicó muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, haciendo un total de 29 enfermeras participantes del estudio. Para medir la variable rotación se elaboró un instrumento de 24 preguntas, dividido en cuatro dimensiones, con un índice de confiabilidad de 0.72. Asimismo, para la evaluación de desempeño, se utilizó un instrumento de 21 preguntas, dividido en 6 dimensiones, con un índice de confiablidad de 0.86. Resultados: 93.1% fueron mujeres; 34.5% con edad entre 41 y 50 años; 62.0% con estado civil casadas, 75.9% con condición laboral nombradas. Resultados generales de rotación: 58.6% indiferente, 20.7% adecuada y 20.7% no adecuada. Resultado final del desempeño laboral: 55.2% moderado, 27.6% bajo y 17.2% alto. El resultado de correlación según Pearson (p-valor= 0.511). Discusión: La rotación sucede cuando falta personal en determinado servicio, sin considerar el entorno familiar del trabajador, no contempla incentivo económico y es percibida por las enfermeras como generador de crecimiento profesional. La evaluación del desempeño laboral estriba en la subjetividad de los evaluadores. Conclusiones: No se encontró relación significativa entre rotación y desempeño laboral.Como citar este artículo: Campos PIA, Gutiérrez HC, Matzumura JPK. Rotación y desempeño laboral de los profesionales de enfermería en un instituto especializado. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(2): e626. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i2.626
Utopías y distopías de nuestra historia: Aproximación historiográfica a lo latinoamericano en el pensamiento social mexicano del siglo XX: Edmundo O‘Gorman, Guillermo Bonfil Batalla y Leopoldo Zea
Authors: Mora Silva Julimar del Carmen
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo buscó analizar las ideas sobre "lo latinoamericano" ―como ontologismo histórico― en la producción historiográfica de Edmundo O'Gorman, Guillermo Bonfil Batalla y Leopoldo Zea. Para hacerlo, presté atención al sentido de utopía y distopía asociado a la interpretación de los procesos que han hecho de Latinoamérica su expresión en el presente. El análisis de las obras se centró en las categorías propuestas por Hayden White (trama, argumentación e ideología) las cuales, permitieron establecer rupturas y continuidades en los atributos formales y sentidos intrínsecos de los discursos históricos de los autores. La convergencia de estos elementos consolidó una icónica conceptualización de "lo latinoamericano" en el pensamiento social latinoamericano que, con pasar de los años, no ha dejado de tener vigencia en amplios sectores del pensamiento humanístico y social en el presente.
The Florentine Quattrocento and the art historiography in Aby Warburg
Authors: Vieira Neto Serzenando Alves
Published: May 2019

The work of Aby Warburg (1866-1929), dedicated above all to the great theme of the survival of the classical tradition in the European Renaissance, has gained notoriety in recent decades, including in Brazil. This article seeks an immersion in the work of this historian, circumscribing the discussion, in particular, to the thesis on Botticelli and some successive studies on the theme of the Florentine Quattrocento. We present a reading guided by an effort of contextualization, in which it is sought to identify Warburg’s main historiographical references, demonstrating his latent interlocution with the art historiography produced in the German-speaking world. In this sense, this article sustains that Warburg was clearly aligned with the tradition of “art history as cultural history”, present in the work of authors such as Jacob Burckhardt, Anton Springer and Hubert Janitschek.
Limites, desafios e perspectivas: a primeira década da revista História da Historiografia (2008-2018)
Authors: Varella Flávia
Published: May 2019

Este artigo tem como principal objetivo avaliar o perfildos editores executivos e dos autores, e as característicastécnicas das publicações do periódico científico Históriada Historiografia, no período de 2008 a 2018, por meio de indicadores bibliométricos. Utilizando dados disponíveis nas edições completas da revista, observou-se que, o perfil principal dos autores de artigos é dehomens (68%), professores do ensino superior (55%), professores adjuntos (41%), vinculados a instituições brasileiras (70%), situadas na região sudeste (67%), que publicaram uma única vez no periódico (87%). Os artigos são, em sua maioria, de autoria única (92%), realizadossem financiamento (67%), escritos em português (80%), pertencentes à história da historiografia e à teoria dahistória (67%), voltados ao estudo de autores ou aspectos do Brasil (25%), focados na idade contemporânea (77%). A maioria dos autores estudados nos artigos publicados naHistória da Historiografia são do sexo masculino (95%).No que tange à composição de seu Conselho Executivo, a maioria dos pesquisadores são homens (86%), brancos (72%), brasileiros (86%), lotados em instituições de ensino superior da região sudeste (75%).
In vitro study of folate-conjugated silver nanoparticles for enhanced anticancer activity
Authors: Mollania Fahimeh , Hadipour Nasser L , Mollania Nasrin
Published: May 2019

Nanotechnology is developing rapidly for its ability to modify metals to nanosize which, in general, changes the physical, chemical and optical properties of metals. In this paper, the authors used local bacteria from a chromite mine in Sabzevar, Iran, for quick and environmentally friendly biosynthesis of functional silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The results presented the efficient conditions for AgNP biosynthesis through reduction of silver ions by the supernatant of an Enterobacter sp. strain. After biosynthesis, the AgNPs were cleaned by centrifugation, and samples were further analyzed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The refined AgNPs yielded the best absorbance at 409 nm; the DLS results showed uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, with a standard size of 25–35 nm. The functionality of nanoparticles with proteins was assessed during synthesis and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, folic acid (folate) was adsorbed. The results revealed that the toxicity of the nanoparticles after folate adsorption on a breast cancer cell line increased and followed a concentration-dependent pattern. Furthermore, the activity of the biologically synthesized AgNPs against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae was greater than that of the chemically synthesized compound.
The relationship between steady-state chloride diffusion and migration coefficients in cementitious materials
Authors: Wang Junjie , Liu Engui
Published: May 2019

The chloride diffusion coefficient is directly related to the property of concrete to resist the ingress of chloride ions and it is a decisive factor for the durability of reinforced concrete subjected to the chloride environment. The conventional chloride diffusion test requires considerable time to attain a steady-state chloride flow across the specimen. Therefore, the rapid chloride migration test is frequently employed with an applied electrical field to accelerate the chloride transport. However, the chloride diffusion coefficient estimated based on the rapid chloride migration test is different compared to the actual chloride diffusion coefficient. In this study, a theoretical model of the relationship between the steady-state chloride diffusion coefficient and chloride migration coefficient has been obtained for cementitious materials. Based on the theoretical model, an empirical model of the relationship between steady-state chloride diffusion and migration coefficients is proposed for cementitious materials. Furthermore, the parameters of the empirical model were obtained through the results of chloride diffusion and migration tests on a range of mortar mixtures made with ordinary Portland cement and blended cements with additions of ground granulated blast furnace slag, pulverised fuel ash and silica fume, and the published data from other researchers.
Askerî Sistemlerin Yüksek Sıcaklıklara Çıkan Devre Elemanlarının Etkin Olarak Soğutulması
Authors: DEMİRCAN Tolga , ÖZDEMİR Erdem
Published: May 2019

Birçok askerî sistem ve silahlar elektronik ekipmanlar

içermektedir. Bu ekipmanlar çalışmaları sırasında yüksek sıcaklıklara

çıkabilmektedir. Bu durum, eğer bu ekipmanlar güvenli çalışma sıcaklıklarına

soğutulmaz ise, içerdikleri elektronik devre elemanlarının yanmasına ve tüm askerî

sistemin çalışamamasına sebep olabilmektedir. Bundan dolayı, bu çalışmada askerî

bir sistemin içerdiği elektronik devre elemanlarının daha etkin bir şekilde

soğutulması ele alınmıştır. Bu amaçla, devre elemanlarını temsil eden bir blok

şeklinde cismin, askerî sistemlerin ana kartlarının bulunduğu hacmi temsil eden

bir kanal hacmi içerisine yerleştirildiği düşünülmüştür. Yüksek sıcaklıklara

çıkan bu bloğun, çapraz ve jet akışın birlikte kullanımı ile etkin olarak

soğutulduğu varsayılmıştır. Bu amaçla, kanal girişinde sabit hızda bir hava

girişi yapılarak, çapraz akış şartları sağlanmıştır. Kanal üst yüzeyinde

bulunan bir delikten ise, yine sabit hızda hava girişi yapılmak suretiyle

çarpan jet akış koşulları sağlanmıştır. Analizler, çapraz akışın hava giriş

koşulları baz alınarak hesaplanan Reynolds sayısının 500, 1000, 1500 ve 2000

değerleri için laminer olarak yapılmıştır. Bu Reynolds sayılarında, jet giriş

hava hızının, çapraz akış giriş hava hızına oranı  (Vj/Uk) değiştirilerek

simülasyonlar tekrarlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Reynolds sayısının artışı ile blok

yüzeyinden gerçekleşen ısı transferinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Vj/Uk

oranının artması ile ise ikincil jet akışın genel akış yapısı üzerindeki etkisi

artmaktadır. Vj/Uk

oranı arttıkça, akışkan blok yüzeylerine doğru baskılanmakta ve blok

yüzeylerinde oluşan hız ve ısıl sınır tabakalarının bozulmasına sebep

olmaktadır. Bundan dolayı, Vj/Uk oranının artması ile

blok yüzeylerinden gerçekleşen ısı transferinin arttığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Siber Saldırıların Uluslararası Hukuktaki Güç Kullanımı Kapsamında Değerlendirmesi
Authors: GÜREŞCİ Ramazan
Published: May 2019

Geçtiğimiz son yirmi yılda teknoloji kullanımının olağanüstü hızda

artmasıyla birlikte ortaya çıkan sanal alanda, toplumlar ve hükümetler siber

tehditler karşısında saldırıya duyarlı hedefler olmaya başlamışlardır. Siber

saldırıların, klasik silah gücünün verdiği zarara eşdeğer birçok zararı

verebilecek kapasiteye ulaşmasıyla nükleer santraller, askerî sistemler veya

petrol boru hatları gibi sayısız ulusal kritik altyapı hedef hâline gelmiştir.

Yaşanan gelişmeler klasik anlamdaki tehdit algısına yönelik olarak açık temel

bir paradigma değişimini yansıttığı için uluslararası hukuk bu durumu dikkate

almak zorunda kalmıştır. Uluslararası hukuk açısından temel sorun, siber

saldırıların bir takım hak ve yükümlülükler bağlamında nasıl düzenleneceğidir.

İlgili makalede siber saldırılar, uluslararası hukukta güç kullanımı

çerçevesinde değerlendirilecektir. Uluslararası hukukta güç kullanımı

devletlerin hangi durumlarda kuvvete meşru olarak başvurması veya yasaklanması

durumunu düzenlemektedir. Uluslararası hukukta esas olarak, egemen devletin

diğerinin ülke bütünlüğüne ve siyasi bağımsızlığına karşı kuvvet kullanması

bazı istisnalar haricinde kesin olarak BM şartnamesiyle yasaklanmıştır. Bu

bakımdan, klasik kuvvet kullanma ile aynı sonuçları doğurabilecek siber

saldırılar, diğer koşulları sağlaması durumunda aynı şekilde uluslararası hukukun

mevcut kuralları kapsamında değerlendirilebilir. Ancak, ilgili kuralların siber

tehditlere yönelik ihtiyacı karşıladığı noktasında yetersiz olduğu da bilinen

bir gerçekliktir. Tarihte nükleer veya kimyasal silahlar gibi yeni silahların

kullanımına ilişkin uluslararası hukuk bir takım hak ve yükümlülükler

getirmiştir. Siber saldırıların konvansiyonel silahlarla kıyas yapılmasının

olası olmadığı ya da abartı olacağı iddia edilebilir, ancak her ikisinin de

aynı etkiyi doğurma kapasitesine ulaşması bu iddiaları zayıflatmaktadır. Siber

saldırılar için işleyen mevcut kurallardan yola çıkarak bir takım yeni hukuki

düzenlemelerin gelmesi gerekli gözükmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı

uluslararası hukuktaki kuvvet kullanımına ilişkin kuralların siber saldırılara

yönelik olarak uygulanmasında ihtiyaçları ne derece karşıladığını ortaya

koyarak çözüm yolları üretmeye çalışmaktır.
Does the Optimal Size of Defense Expenditure Exist? An Empirical Study on Turkey
Authors: BAYRAK Rıza
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether an “inverted U” shape

relationship between economic growth and defense expenditure or not, what the

optimal ratio of defense expenditure for Turkey is, and whether Turkey’s

defense expenditure in the period of 1990-2017 was optimal. The dependent

variable of the study was the ratio of yearly economic growth, and independent

variables were the ratio of defense expenditure in GDP and yearly unemployment

rate respectively. Data which covered 1990-2017 period regarding Turkey was

analyzed by using Time Series Analysis with FMOLS method. Economic growth and

unemployment series were acquired from the Worldbank, while defense expenditure

was from SIPRI data bank. According to the results; we have concluded that there

is an “inverted U” shape the relationship between economic growth and defense

expenditure. In other words, Armey Curve exists for Turkey. Also, we have

observed the ratio of defense expenditure as 2.5% of the GDP. The defense

expenditure of Turkey from 2010 is under this value of 2.5%. Considering this

point; it can be put forward that Turkey may increase its defense expenditure

up to 2.5% of the GDP to provide economic growth. Taking into account of the

leading position and also the importance of the defense industry in the

manufacturing industry, this evaluation is supported not only with the first

law of Kaldor but also studies which propose that defense expenditure has

positive effects on the economic growth as well.
ALİ BALCI. THE PKK-KURDISTAN WORKERS’ PARTY’S REGIONAL POLITICS DURING AND AFTER THE COLD WAR
Authors: ÖZGÜR Berkan
Published: May 2019

ABD ve PKK ilişkisi genellikle popüler söylemlerde
kendisine yer bulsa da, akademik bir çalışmaya konu olmamıştır. Akademik
ilginin kapsamı ABD’nin PKK’yı terör listesine koyması ile sınırlı kalmış ve
akademik çalışmalarda bu bilgi sıklıkla tekrarlanmıştır. PKK’nın ABD’yi nasıl
gördüğü konusu ise PKK’nın Marksist bir terör örgütü olduğu tespitinin
anlaşılması noktasında karşımıza çıkmış ve PKK’nın ABD emperyalizmine karşı
geliştirdiği söylemin altı çizilmiştir. Bu dolaylı değinmelere rağmen, PKK’nın
ABD’ye yönelik yaklaşımı detaylı bir çalışmaya konu olmadığı gibi bu yaklaşımın
PKK için neden merkezi bir noktada olduğunun açıklanması zahmetine de
girilmemiştir. 2013 sonrası ABD’nin PKK’nın Suriye’deki uzantısı PYD/YPG ile
işbirliğine gitmesi konuyu yeniden popüler hale getirdiği bir ortamda, Ali Balcı
The
PKK-Kurdistan Workers’ Party’s Regional Politics  - During and After the Cold War başlıklı
bir çalışma yayımladı.
SEYYİD BURHÂNEDDÎN MUHAKKİK-İ TİRMİZÎ’DE AHLAKÎ ARINMA
Authors: BÜYÜKÖZKARA Ender
Published: May 2019

Çalışmanın konusunu Seyyid
Burhaneddin’de ahlakî arınmanın incelenmesi teşkil etmektedir. İnceleme üç
temel soru çerçevesinde yürütülür. İlk soru, kirlerin neler olduğu ve nelerin
bu kirlerden arındırılması gerektiğine yöneliktir. Bu bağlamda Seyyid
Burhaneddin’in beden, dünya, nefs, gönül, can, ruh vb. hususlarla alakalı
görüşleri ele alınmaktadır. Diğer bir soru ise söz konusu arınmanın nasıl
gerçekleştirileceğine ilişkindir ki Seyyid Burhaneddin’in mücahede, riyazat,
söz, bilgi gibi kavramlara dair görüşleri doğrultusunda bir yanıt verilmeye
çalışılır. Arınmanın ve buna binaen yetkinleşmenin sonucu kişinin ulaşacağı
mertebe ne olacaktır? Son olarak da bu soru çerçevesinde Seyyid Burhaneddin’in
düşüncelerinin değerlendirilmesine çalışılmakta ve insanın beka ve ebediyete
kavuşması ve namütenahi bir biçimde Allah’ta seyredişi ele alınmaktadır.
Difficulties Faced by Postgraduate Students of English Language Teaching (ELT) in Thesis Writing in Turkey
Authors: EKOÇ Arzu
Published: May 2019

There are a growing number of students who continue postgraduate degrees
in English Language Teaching (ELT) in state and private universities in
Turkey. It is taken for granted that thesis writing is a significant aspect of
postgraduate education and postgraduate students are experiencing some
difficulties with the thesis writing process. In this process, supervision is
a complex process and sometimes supervision is the element that makes things
easier for postgraduate students or exacerbates the process. Therefore,
supervisor–supervisee relationship is a topic that has been explored much
abroad lately but relatively few are written about the Turkish case.
Considering this research gap, this article investigates postgraduates’ views
on master’s and PhD thesis supervision and difficulties they faced in thesis
writing in ELT. The participants from different private and state universities
received a link to an online survey engine. The aim was to understand how
thesis writing in ELT and supervision are experienced in Turkey. In this
study, qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. The data
collected in the study were analyzed by content analysis technique and
frequency counting. The findings are important as they show that there are
serious linguistic challenges inherent in thesis writing that are complicating
the process but also supervisory process that needs delicate attention. The
paper suggests that supervisors and universities should consider the positive
and negative aspects of their attitudes and behaviors throughout this process.
Some measures can be taken to enhance the quality of supervision at
universities in Turkey.
Direction of Arrival Estimation in Multiple Antenna Arrays by Using Power Delay Profile for Random Access Performance in 5G Networks
Authors: AYDIN Omer
Published: May 2019

In the transition from 4G to 5G, various solutions are being developed to improve performance for features such as data rates, latency, connectivity density and reliability. One of these features is Random Access Procedure because of the increasing number of users in 5G networks. In the random access method, user equipment performs a random access to the base station with a preamble and thus register itself to the base station. However, if more than one user equipments use the same preamble at the same time, collision occurs and the registration process in the base station could be halted. In this paper, a new method is proposed which can be used to calculate Direction of Arrival between adjacent antenna signals in the antenna array with the help of the phase differences. Thus, the collision can be avoided by using the beamforming technique of the MIMO system using the calculated arrival angle of the user equipment. The proposed method is verified for two user equipments placed at different angles, at different distances to an antenna array consisting of 10 antennas.
Practice and experience of the national reconciliation in Spain
Authors: Tolstov Sergii
Published: May 2019

The contemporary political theory envisages the Spanish transition from authoritarianism to a modern multiparty political system as an important landmark and one of the most successful examples of the ‘third wave’ of the process of global democratization. Commenced in Southern Europe, the transition towards the democratic rule has affected Latin America, South Africa and a number of Asian countries and then went further to the majority of Central and Eastern European states.

The political reforms and regime change became possible due to the ‘national reconciliation’, a series of compromises negotiated between the government and the leaders of the top political parties. This mechanism ensured a gradual peaceful process of political changes and their successful constitutional legitimization, as well as their implementation in the legislature. However, the transition towards a competitive multiparty democracy won’t cover the reconciliation of ideologies, neither did it consider a common moral and political assessment of the past. Both veterans of the Civil War of 1936 – 1939 and victims of the Franco’s dictatorship were completely rehabilitated only 30 years after the political transformation have been launched.