bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety profile of Ayurveda Rasoushadhi
Authors: Mahajon Bidhan , Ota Sarada , Khanduri Shruti , Sharma Bhagwan Sahai , Kumar Sanjaya , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: October 2023

To a large extent, the safety of Rasoushadhi (metal and mineral-based formulations) is evident by its long history of clinical use. However, certain published literature generated misconceptions regarding their quality and safety across the globe. Thus, to protect the massive trust in Ayurveda, a multidisciplinary study was conducted by Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences for the assessment of the quality and safety of eight important Rasoushadhi, viz., Arogyavardhini vati (Ayurvedic Formulary of India [AFI]-I, 20:4), Mahayogaraja guggulu (AFI-I, 5:6), Vasantakusumakar rasa (AFI-I, 20:42), Mahalaxmivilas rasa (AFI-I, 20:27), Rasamanikya (AFI-I, 20:33), Makaradhwaja (AFI-I, 15:2), Kajjaliyoga (AFI-III, 15:15), and Rasasindur (AFI-I, 15:6) under Golden Triangle Partnership (GTP) scheme. The present article is an appraisal of the published Technical Reports (Volumes 1 and 2) of GTP that highlights the collective safety outcome of these selected Rasoushadhi. Study investigators prepared these Rasoushadhi in a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-certified pharmacy, and they performed repeated-dose oral toxicity studies per Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development-408 guidelines in Wistar albino rats. All the Rasoushadhi were orally administered at different dose levels for 90 days. Periodically, observations were done by the investigators for clinical signs of toxicity, mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, and feed consumption. After 90 days, they performed hematology, biochemistry, electrolytes, relative organ weight, and histological examinations. The study concluded that there were no significant differences in the observed parameters between the control and Rasoushadhi-treated rats. In histological examinations, also they found no toxicologically significant abnormalities related to any Rasoushadhi treatment. Based on the result, the investigators concluded that all the formulations were safe up to the tested high dose levels.
Documentation of ethno-medico-botanical claims of Rabha tribe, Ri-Bhoi district, Meghalaya
Authors: Nagayya Shiddamallayya , Bora Devanjal , Yugandhar Pulicherla , Srinivasulu Cheemanapalli , Yashpal Bhardwaj , Tripathi Ashish Kumar , Bandi Venkateshwarlu , Rath Chinmay , Mangal Anupam Kumar , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: October 2023

AIM:

The present survey work aims to explore and document the traditional healing practices of medicinal plants that have been used by the Rabha tribe of Ri-Bhoi district, Meghalaya, India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The medico-ethno-botanical survey was carried out in densely populated areas of the Rabha tribe in Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya. The documentation was carried out according to the standard Local Health Traditions format developed by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences. Traditional knowledge of this tribe was documented through conducting personal interviews of local health practitioners during 2017–2019 along with these digital photographs of medicinal plants were also recorded.

RESULTS:

In the present study, a total of 17 types of disorders were treated using 28 types of medicinal plants that belong to 27 types of families. It is also found that for the treatment, herbs were mostly used among the life form of the plant (18), followed by leaves among the plant parts (28%), paste among the form of the drug (27%), and oral administration (47%) among the intake of the drug. The documented 28 medicinal plants were cross-checked with published ayurvedic classical text and other related literatures; ethnobotanical data of 12 medicinal plants were matched.

CONCLUSION:

The present study revealed that the preparation of medicine and mode of treatment practiced by the Rabha tribe is unique and required an urgent prerequisite for the documentation of imperiling knowledge of this tribe all over the state.
Pharmaceutical standardization of Nagaphani Phalasava (fermented dosage form of Opuntia elatior Mill. fruits)
Authors: Anand Sharada , Acharya Rabinarayan
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Fruits of Opuntia elatior Mill. (OE) Cactaceae, commonly recognized as Red Prickly pear, is reported for multiple pharmacological actions, yet under-utilized due to its perishable nature and seasonal availability. Asava not only helps in elongation of shelf life but also offers continued extraction of the active compounds. Hence, the study has been carried out to develop and standardize a novel dosage form Nagaphani Phalasava (fermented preparation of OE fruits).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Asava was prepared in two seasons, that is, winter (December 2020–January 2021) and summer (April 2021–May 2021). A total of nine pilot batches were prepared in each season, that is, 7, 10, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 days, considering the duration of fermentation. Each batch was opened the next day, that is, 8th, 11th, 13th, 16th, 19th, 22nd, 25th, 28th, and 31st day, respectively, to observe the tests of perfectness and carry out physicochemical analysis including pH, specific gravity (Sp gr), density, total solids, alcohol percentage, and sugar analysis. The batch that showed all the tests of perfectness was considered ideal and repeated in triplicate.

RESULTS:

In both seasons, 30 days batch was considered ideal and repeated in triplicate. Yield was 68.73% in winter and 59.44% in summer season. Organoleptic features were more prominent in winter batch compared to summer batch. Average pH, Sp gr, density, total solids, alcohol percentage, total sugar, reducing sugar, and nonreducing sugar were 2, 1.0591, 1.0225, 20.48, 11, 17.56, 4.6, and 12.9 in winter and 2, 1.1198, 1.0707, 27.31, 4, 12.3, 7.5, and 4.8 in summer, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

Preparation of Nagaphani phalasava requires a duration of 30 days in both winter and summer seasons. The winter batch Asava possessed more evident organoleptic features compared to summer batch. Product yield was comparatively high in winter. The alcohol percentage was under the limits prescribed for Asavarishta in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API).
Seasonal evaluation of Shatavarin-IV by HPLC for the best procurement time of Asparagus racemosus Willd. tubers and pharmacognostical studies
Authors: Cheemalapati Venkata Narasimhaji , Mangal Anupam , Prabhu Rekha , Marimuthu Gokul , Raju Ilavarasan , Srikanth Naraynam
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

The root tubers of Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Shatavari) are a well-known Ayurvedic medicine. In this present study, it is aimed to assess the Shatavarin-IV content in root tubers of Asparagus racemosus Willd. collected from the same habitat for the evaluation of seasonal variation and to explore the best procurement time.

METHODS:

Shatavari (A. racemosus Willd.) root was collected from the same habitat in all six seasons, i.e., Shishir (Jan–Feb) to Hemant (Nov–Dec). The source of the collected plant material authenticated taxonomically at Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CARI), Jhansi, India. Identification and comparative macroscopy along with powder microscopy of the root of the plant in each season were carried out. The extraction of root was carried out in various solvents such as alcohol, hydroalcohol, and methanol though Soxhlet, and its assessment of secondary metabolite content through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using refractive index detector (RID) for the sample collected in all six seasons was carried out at the Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CSMCARI), Chennai, India.

RESULTS:

No remarkable difference has been noted in microscopical features of root tubers, but in the powder microscopy of Sharad ritu samples, it was observed that raphides are more peculiar (in abundance) in parenchymatous cortex and vessels are abundant when compared with all other five seasons. Shatavarin-IV was quantified in each season by HPLC using RID. Soxhlet extractive value was found to be maximum in methanol, i.e., 3.5922 g (71.91% w/w) in Varsha ritu sample. A comparative higher quantity of Shatavarin-IV is also observed more (0.0196%) in Varsha ritu sample.

CONCLUSION:

A large quantity of extractive values, bioactive secondary metabolites, and Shatavarin-IV is observed in Varsha ritu sample and tubers of A. racemosus. Thus, it can be recommended that the suitable procurement time for collection of Shatavari (A. racemosus) root is Varsha ritu (Jul–Aug).
Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of hexane and ethanolic extracts of polyherbal formulation of Nigella sativa L. (seeds), Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (leaves), and Piper longum L. (fruits) on carrageenan-induced paw edema in wistar rats
Authors: Tahir Abu , Dar Mohd Shai
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Inflammation is a primary physiological defence mechanism that assists the body in protecting itself from infection, toxic chemicals, or other noxious stimuli. The current study demonstrated phytochemical screening, anti-inflammatory activities, and sub-acute toxicity of hexane and ethanol extracts of Nigella sativa L. (seeds), Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (leaves), and Piper longum L. (Fruits), as well as anti-oxidant activity. The Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Edema method was used to assess anti-inflammatory activity.

METHODS:

The carrageenan-induced paw edema test evaluated anti-inflammatory activity. Male albino Wistar rats weighing 150 ± 10g were divided into six groups of six animals each. Paw edema was induced with 1.5% carrageenan in all the groups except the normal. Group, I received a plain control of 1 ml of 1% Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC); Group II standard drug received Indomethacin (10 mg/kg); Group III received Polyherbal formulation of hexane extracts (PHFH) 250 mg/kg b.w; Group IV received PHFH 500 mg/kg b.w.; Group V was given 250 mg/kg b.w. of Polyherbal formulation of ethanolic extracts (PHFE). The extract’s acute toxicity (2000 mg/kg) as per OECD guidelines was studied in albino rats for 14 days. The qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents of various phytoconstituents was determined. The DPPH method was used to evaluate anti-oxidant activity.

RESULTS:

The results showed that both PHFH and PHFE exhibited marked inhibition of the edema size from 1, 3, and 5 hrs of study as compared to the standard drug indomethacin (10 mg/kg b.w). The PHFE (250 and 500 mg/kg) displayed excellent protection against inflammation to PHFH (250 and 500 mg/kg). Compared to the standard drug, indomethacin which showed the highest excellent protection against inflammation. PHFE has lower anti-oxidant activity than standard ascorbic acid but exhibits higher anti-oxidant activity than PHFH. In an acute toxicity test, hexane-ethanolic extracts up to 3000 mg/kg had no toxic effects.

CONCLUSION:

From this study, we conclude that Nigella sativa L. (seeds), Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (leaves), and Piper longum L. (fruits) have anti-inflammatory activity by reducing paw inflammation as well as showing anti-oxidant activity.
Documentation and validation of the potential ethno-medicinal practices from Almora forest range, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Rawat M. S. , Rai Amit Kumar , Arya Deepshikha , Kumar Sanjiv , Mahajon Bidhan , Rath Chinmay , Tripathi Ashish Kumar , Mangal Anupam K. , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Majority of the people in developing countries depend upon traditional medicine (TM) for their healthcare. Many local traditional healers in the Uttarakhand region are providing treatment for various ailments by using medicinal plants successfully. Present study aimed to collect and document the folklore claims practiced in the region of Almora forest range for treatment of various ailments for further validation, which will help in search of new treatment modalities for different disease conditions.

METHODS:

Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey (MEBS) was conducted in the region of Almora forest range of Almora forest division which is located between 29030’.08”N to 29058’.48” N latitude and 79004’.18”E to 790 47’30”E longitude at the southern edge of Kumaun hills in Uttarakhand during the month of July, 2018. The survey team met the traditional healers and interviewed them for documentation of Ethno-medicinal practices (EMPs). A structured standard questionnaire/format was used for systematic documentation of each claim.

RESULTS:

During the survey, potent ethno-medicinal practices based on 15 medicinal plant species were recorded which are being used for different common disease conditions by the local traditional healers.

CONCLUSION:

Inhabitants in remote and far-flung areas are still relying upon the medicinal plants for the management of various common ailments. But these EMPs have been declining in the recent period due to several factors. Hence, there is a critical need to document this traditional knowledge for widespread utilization to explore new treatment modalities for various disease conditions.
Determination of total alkaloid content in unpurified Dhattura beeja (Datura metel L. seeds) and purified Dhattura beeja (D. metel L. seeds) by UV-spectroscopic method
Authors: Tejaswini Poornachandra , Pradeep Hassan Rangaswamy , Khare Divya , Math Avinash
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Dhattura herbal tea has been reported for toxicity, which is attributed to use without purification. Purification of Dhattura as per classics is essential as it contains toxic alkaloids. The present study highlights the role of classical Shodhana procedures in rendering the drug safe for therapeutics.

METHODS:

Dhattura seeds were collected and purified by Swedana (sudation) using Goksheera (cow milk) and Gomutra (cow urine). The unpurified and purified Dhattura seeds were analyzed for alkaloid content by UV spectroscopy.

RESULTS:

Unpurified Dhattura seeds contained 40.83 mg atropine equivalent (AE)/100 g of drug. Purification using Goksheera reduced alkaloid content to 20.46 mg AE/100 g of drug, and purification using Gomutra resulted in 26.45 mg AE/100 g of drug.

CONCLUSION:

UV spectroscopy is an effective method to determine the total alkaloid content in the raw and purified Dhattura seeds. This study supports that the purificatory methods stated in Ayurveda are effective in reducing atropine levels in Dhattura seeds.
Comparative evaluation to study the effect of implant support on complete fixed dental prosthesis fabricated with peek framework when implants placed in all-on-4 and all-on-6 situation, by strain gauge analysis and finite element analysis – An in vitro study
Authors: Vinodh Shanmathi , Jingade Ranganatha Rao K , Ajjikuttira Ponnanna Appanna , Kyathappa Prathima , Nataraj Mamatha , Chalana B. O.
Published: October 2023

Aim:

To evaluate and compare the strain development and distribution of maxillary implant-supported complete fixed dental prosthesis (ISCFDP) with computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing milled PEEK BIO-HPP superstructure when placed using All-on-4 and All-on-6 situation using a strain gauge and finite element analysis (FEA).

Setting and Design:

This is an in vitro study to evaluate and compare the stress minimization and strain developed at implant in premolar and in two clinically simulated situation of All-on-4 and All-on -6 ISCFDP.

Materials and Methods:

The study involved converting a human skull into. stl format to create 3D-printed stereolithography models with a modulus of elasticity closer to bone. Implants were placed in two models (M1 nad M2) in incisor, premolar, and pterygoid regions. A fixed dental prosthesis framework was fabricated on both models, and strain gauge sensors were attached.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive and analytical statistics were done. The normality of data was analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test.

Results:

The results obtained were tabulated and it showed strain around the neck of ISCFDP under 100N configuration in strain gauge analysis. Stress was found more in the molar region when compared to the premolar region. This design showed that the largest stress around the neck of ISFDP under 100 N load was found more in the premolar region when compared to the molar region due to the reduction of stresses in the pterygoid region in FEA.

Conclusion:

In the present study, strain gauge analysis at 100 N for loading at the premolar and molar region shows the reduced strain on tilted implants in All-on-6 situation due to stress dissipation to the terminal pterygoid implant using strain gauge.
An in vitro comparison of the marginal fit of provisional crowns using the virtual tooth preparation workflow against the traditional technique
Authors: Shenoy Amrutha , Maiti Subhabrata , Nallaswamy Deepak , Keskar Varun
Published: October 2023

Aim:

This study investigates the effectiveness of an innovative virtual tooth preparation workflow for the fabrication of dental crowns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scanners (IOSs) with conventional workflow using extraoral/laboratory scanners.

Settings and Design:

Thisin vitroexperimental study was conducted in the laboratory of a university in Chennai, India. The dental laboratory and research facilities at the institution were utilized for the fabrication of the temporary crowns and the data acquisition process.

Materials and Methods:

Institutional approval was obtained from the university. It was basically a comparison between the virtual prep technique using CBCT and IOS and the conventional digital technique using extra oral scanners (EOS) for temporary crown fabrication. The sample size was estimated using an effect size of 1.5004, assuming a normal distribution, a significance level of 0.05, and a power of 0.95 in G power software. Based on this calculation, an extracted second lower molar was used to fabricate 10 samples in each group. The samples were divided into three groups: the CBCT (Group 1), the IOS (Group 2), and laboratory scanner (Group 3 as control) groups. The vertical marginal gap of all the surfaces of the crown was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA using the SPSS software version 26.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA.

Results:

Acceptable marginal discrepancy values were obtained in all three groups. There was no significant difference in the marginal discrepancy recorded (P= 0.113).

Conclusion:

Virtual tooth preparation using CBCT and IOSs can be used as an alternative to the conventional workflow for provisional crown and bridge fabrication.
An investigation of the effects of topical sunscreen protection products under natural weather conditions on intrinsic color stability in maxillofacial silicones
Authors: Bugden Melanie
Published: October 2023

Aim:

The relatively short lifespan of maxillofacial prostheses (ranging from 3-24 months) is mostly a result of colour instability of silicone elastomers caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, requiring frequent remakes. An improvement in colour preservation could result in fewer remakes, thus saving time and money for both clinician and patient. In the quest for a suitable colour protection method, sunscreen protection products were considered; the most recent study on this subject was carried out in 1994, albeit using a low protection factor. The aim of this research was to determine if there is value in using topical sun protection products on extraoral silicone prostheses to prevent colour degradation.

Settings and Design:

This was anin vitroquantitative study.

Materials and Methods:

Three commercially available sunscreen products were studied, Riemann P20, Boots Soltan, and Garnier Ambre Solaire all with a sun protection factor of 50. A total of 144 silicone elastomer samples were produced using a Caucasian (light) shade 1.2 (n= 72) and dark skin shade 3.2 (n= 72) from the Technovent Ltd. Reality Shade range. Each shade group (n= 72) was divided into three groups to be subjected to outdoor weathering (n= 24), indoor (n= 24), and dark storage (n= 24). Within each environmental group, samples were divided into groups of six samples (n= 6) to receive the three sunscreens plus a control group with no sunscreen. The CIEL* a* b* formula was used to obtain the color measurements.

Statistical Analysis Used:

One way ANOVA test and Tukey’s HSD test for multiple comparisons was used to analyse the data.

Results:

The ΔE values had changed for all samples throughout the aging process.

Conclusion:

Soltan showed promising results in protecting the dark-shaded samples in the outdoor environment only.
Maxillofacial rehabilitation of an acid attack survivor – The journey from scar to smile
Authors: Koul Rishu , Gowda Mahesh Eraiah , Legha Virender Singh , Verma Kamal
Published: October 2023

Acid attack is a form of violent assault involving the act of throwing acid or any corrosive substance such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid with the intention to disfigure, maim, torture, or kill. A combination of surgical intervention along with prosthetic management using maxillofacial prosthesis serves a good treatment modality for rehabilitation in such cases. The advent of technological advancements has made the rehabilitation procedure easier, faster, and comfortable both for the patient and prosthodontist.
Clinical outcomes of implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation of severely atrophic maxilla: A systematic review
Authors: Alsi Shachi Atul , Deshpande Saee , Pande Neelam
Published: October 2023

Aim:

The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the clinical outcomes for the various methods of rehabilitation of a severely atrophic maxilla with the help of implant-supported fixed prosthesis.

Materials and Methods:

The relevant publications published between 2013 and 2022 and written only in English were identified using an electronic search. The primary research question for this study was developed based on the PICO framework, which stands for population, intervention, control, and outcomes which was “What are the clinical outcomes of implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with severely atrophic maxilla?” The relevancy of the articles was confirmed by examining their titles, abstracts, and complete texts to determine whether they satisfied the requirements for inclusion. Utilizing specialized study design-related bias assessment forms, the risk of bias was evaluated.

Results:

The database search resulted in 1568 results; however, 1529 of them were eliminated because of insufficient, duplicate, or missing data. Additionally, manual searching yielded 11 articles. After 50 full-text papers were assessed for eligibility, 17 articles were eliminated. Thus, 33 studies in total are included in the current systematic review. Risk of bias analysis and GRADE evidence analysis were performed. Data were found to be heterogeneous and thus meta-analysis could not be done and narrative synthesis is presented.

Conclusion:

The patient’s condition and the clinician’s expertise play a role in taking the decision on choice of technique for the fixed implant-supported rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxilla. A high success and survival rate is produced by the majority of fixed implant-assisted prostheses despite the biologic and prosthetic problems. A single approach cannot be recommended as the gold standard. The choice is dependent on the patient’s biological factors as well as the clinician’s expertise. The included studies were assessed using GRADE criteria. The quality of evidence is low-medium. Therefore, to better comprehend the clinical effectiveness of the treatment alternatives, more well-designed randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up period are required.
Effect of different concentrations of titanium and silver nanoparticles on maxillofacial silicone MDX4-4210 on cell viability, tear bond strength, and shore strength: An in vitro study
Authors: Kumari Shweta , John Peter , Chidambaranathan Ahila Singaravel , Muthukumar Balasubramanium
Published: October 2023

Aim:

The aim was to evaluate and compare the cell viability, tear bond strength, and shore hardness of MDX4-4210 silicone reinforced with titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles in 1%, 2%, and 3%.

Settings and Design:

The study design involves in vitro comparative study.

Materials and Methods:

MDX4-4210 silicone incorporated with 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. A total of 112 specimens were prepared and grouped into 7, with 16 specimens in each group. Group 1 - control, Groups 2, 3, and 4 were 1%, 2%, and 3% silver, respectively. Groups 5, 6, and 7 were 1%, 2%, and 3% titanium dioxide nanoparticles, respectively. Cell viability was tested by MTT ASSAY on MG63 cell lines, tear bond strength was tested by peeling force in universal testing machine, and Shore A hardness was tested in durometer.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The cell viability values were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey honestly significant difference test, tear bond strength and shore hardness values were analysed using Mann–Whitney test.

Results:

Based on the MTT ASSAY test, 1% silver nanoparticles incorporated MDX4-4210 silicone showed maximum cell viability of 42.10%, whereas minimum cell viability was 18.06% for 3% of titanium dioxide-reinforced silicone. The mean value of tear bond strength of 1% silver and 1% titanium dioxide nanoparticles reinforced room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone were 62.81 ± 3.637 N/m and 59.69 ± 5.313 N/m and the mean value of shore hardness of room temperature vulcanized of 1% silver and 1% titanium dioxide nanoparticles reinforced room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone were 38.06 ± 1.237 and 36.75 ± 1.291.

Conclusion:

Cell viability of 1% silver nanoparticles reinforced MDX4-4210 silicone was higher in comparison to the other groups, and tear bond strength and shore hardness were significantly higher in 1% silver nanoparticles reinforced silicone compared to 1% titanium nanoparticles reinforced MDX4-4210 silicone.
Approach to primary congenital glaucoma: A perspective
Authors: Mandal Anil Kumar , Chakrabarti Debasis , Gothwal Vijaya K.
Published: October 2023

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) occurs worldwide and has a broad range of ocular manifestations. It poses a therapeutic challenge to the ophthalmologist. A proper diagnostic evaluation under anesthesia is advisable for all children who do not cooperate for an office examination. Medical therapy only serves as a supportive role, and surgical intervention remains the principal therapeutic modality. Angle incision surgery such as goniotomy or trabeculotomy ab externo is the preferred choice of surgery in the Caucasian population. Primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy with or without antifibrotic therapy is the preferred choice in certain regions such as India and the Middle East where the disease usually presents with severe forms of corneal edema along with megalocornea. In refractory cases, trabeculectomy with antifibrotic therapy or glaucoma drainage devices are available options in the armamentarium. Cycloablative procedures should be reserved for eyes with poor visual potential. Myopia is common among children with PCG, and appropriate optical refractive correction in the form of glasses or contact lenses should be provided. Amblyopia therapy should be instituted to ensure overall visual development in the early developmental years. Low-vision rehabilitation services should be provided to children with vision impairment. Long-term follow-up is mandatory and carers of children with PCG should be counseled and educated about this need. Regardless of the visual outcomes, clinicians should emphasize the need for education of these children during the clinic visit. The overall goal of the management should be to improve the overall quality of life of the children with PCG and their carers.
Reviewers
Authors: Rajamani Ravi
Published: October 2023

Reviewers
Insights into vibrational and electronic properties of (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) chemical bonding with (CuO)n clusters: a DFT study
Authors: Martínez-Núñez Carlos Eduardo , Delgado-Beleño Y , Cortez-Valadez M , Rocha-Rocha O , Alvarez Ramón A B , Flores-Acosta M
Published: October 2023

Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the electronic and vibrational properties of the chemical bond between the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-Butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and (CuO)n clusters. After chemical adsorption, the HOMO orbitals of PCBM primarily shifted towards (CuO)n, leading to a noticeable reduction in the band gap. Similarly, the bond established is responsible for the spatial redistribution of boundary orbitals, mainly towards the clusters. In addition, the orbital analysis revealed that the primary contributions to the chemical bond originated from the Cu atoms. The PCBM Raman intensity shows a meaningful enhancement consequence of the chemical bond established with the clusters. In addition, new normal modes of PCBM are observed in the Raman activity spectrum after the chemical adsorption.
A enfermagem e o processo de administração de medicamentos em unidades neonatais de alto risco
Authors: Silva Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo , Lima Dione Marçal , Lima Eudine Barbosa , De Ramos Lilia Cardoso , Moreira Marailze Santos , Cunha Olendina Aparecida da Silva , Franco Rejane Garcia , De Queiroz Wilson Pereira
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade e segurança do preparo e da administração de medicamentos em unidades neonatais de alto risco. Método: Pesquisa observacional, de corte transversal, realizada em duas unidades neonatais de alto risco de um hospital público de Goiás. A coleta de dados foi realizada em fevereiro de 2020, por meio de observação não participante e direta dos profissionais de enfermagem constituindo a amostra de 50 doses de medicamentos não probabilística e por conveniência. Resultados:  Apesar da utilização de prescrições digitadas, doses individualizadas e alta adesão aos “nove certos”, a análise da qualidade e segurança do processo de preparo nas duas unidades investigadas aponta que nenhum dos itens analisados teve índice maior que 68%, apontando para uma assistência sofrível. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou falhas e fragilidades no processo de preparo e administração de medicamentos que constituem potencial oportunidade para riscos medicamentosos que interferem na qualidade e segurança da assistência prestada.
Simposio 7: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con sarcopenia, ¿debemos tratarlas de manera diferente?
Authors: De La Mata Cristina
Published: October 2023

En esta época que facilita hábitos de vida sedentarios, desde la prevención primaria al tratamiento de todas las formas clínicas de diabetes mellitus (DM), el cambio de estilo de vida que incluya actividad física y ejercicio con regularidad no puede faltar1.

El trasfondo de la disfunción mitocondrial2, en especial en el músculo esquelético, y la habilidad del ejercicio para revertirla, exigen la detección y tratamiento de la sarcopenia.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de la retinopatía diabética
Authors: Zas Marcelo
Published: October 2023

La vitrectomía por pars plana en la retinopatía diabética proliferativa cumple inicialmente tres objetivos centrales: aclarar los medios, cuando hay catarata o hemorragia en la cavidad vítrea; aplicar la retina en caso de desprendimiento de retina traccional o combinado; estabilizar la retinopatía diabética proliferativa realizando una endopanfotocoagulación. Puede combinarse o no con una cirugía de catarata, según el caso clínico a tratar.

La tendencia mundial es realizar la vitrectomía en forma precoz ya que demostró mejores resultados anatómicos y funcionales a corto y largo plazo.
La experiencia en campamento virtual
Authors: Figueroa Sobrero Ángela
Published: October 2023

Los campamentos educativos recreativos constituyen una herramienta importante en la mejora de los conocimientos en los niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). La educación grupal estimula la autoconfianza, el autocuidado y la progresiva autonomía, además de las relaciones interpersonales con pares y el refuerzo de los vínculos paciente-médico-equipo de salud.

Ante la pandemia de COVID-19, el Comité de Pediatría de la Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes (SAD) organizó el “Primer campamento virtual educativo recreativo para niños con DM1”.
Estatinas en mujeres embarazadas
Authors: Salzberg Susana
Published: October 2023

Hasta hace pocos años la clasificación de la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) para indicar el nivel de riesgo de los fármacos sobre el feto establecía cinco categorías (A, B, C, D, X). La categoría X incluía los fármacos contraindicados y, entre ellos, se encontraban las estatinas. Es decir, había una contraindicación formal para su utilización durante el embarazo, o en mujeres que podían quedar embarazadas, por sus posibles efectos teratogénicos. Estudios publicados con posterioridad a esa categorización aportaron nuevos datos sobre el tema. En primer lugar, cuestionan la asociación positiva entre el uso de estatinas en período embriogénico y las malformaciones congénitas.
Efecto de la hipoglucemia materna en el feto
Authors: Argerich Inés
Published: October 2023

Los eventos de hipoglucemia severa pueden ocurrir en un 40% de los embarazos de las pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). La recurrencia de estas hipoglucemias durante el embarazo alcanza el 22%, y es más frecuentes durante el primer trimestre del embarazo, etapa crítica en la organogénesis1. No hay evidencia disponible que relacione los efectos de embriopatía en madres que han padecido hipoglucemia durante el embarazo. Sin embargo, en estudios en animales, se observó el potencial efecto teratogénico de la hipoglucemia materna1. El peso fetal puede estar influenciado por eventos repetitivos de hipoglucemia materna, ya que en distintos estudios se encontraron recién nacidos con macrosomía, como así también pequeños para edad gestacional. La macrosomía detectada en relación a estos eventos podría explicarse por hiperglucemias reactivas a hipoglucemia; la Hb1Ac promedio de estas pacientes era de 5,6%2. Es infrecuente observar daño permanente en el sistema nervioso central luego de episodios de hipoglucemia materna severa, pero episodios repetitivos estarían relacionados con alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo de sus hijos. Los niños expuestos a estos episodios pueden desarrollar alteraciones en su función cognitiva y se halló una mayor predisposición a la epilepsia3. La glucosa juega un rol fundamental en la provisión de sustrato para producir la energía necesaria para el transporte sináptico de neurotransmisores. Al no estar almacenada en el cerebro, cualquier interrupción o disminución en sus concentraciones interferirá en la normal señalización química de los neurotransmisores3. La mayoría de los estudios muestra que no hay cambios en la frecuencia cardíaca o en los movimientos fetales durante eventos de hipoglucemia moderada materna. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el feto es capaz de utilizar fuentes de energía alternativas (cetonas, ácido láctico) durante estos episodios4.
Simposio 11: Obesidad en la adolescencia
Authors: Vaccarezza Verónica
Published: October 2023

Desde la década de 1980 ha aumentado la prevalencia de sobrepeso en la población general y en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1).

Prevalencia de obesidad en DM1: SEARCH 34,7%, el DM1 ECXHANGE 36%, el DPV 15,3% y el SWEET 29,6% y 34%.

Causas

• Hábitos alimentarios con mayor consumo de alimentos procesados, azúcares refinados y grasas saturadas.

• Conteo de carbohidratos.

• Mayor sedentarismo.

• Tratamiento intensificado.

• Insulinorresistencia propia de la edad.

La obesidad contribuye a la insulitis y a la autoinmunidad por la secreción de quimiocinas de las células inmunitarias activadas y las propias células B en respuesta a estímulos proinflamatorios, favoreciendo la inflamación y muerte de las células B.
Simposio 11: Obesidad en la adultez
Authors: Cicchitti Alejandra
Published: October 2023

El aumento de la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la población general es un hecho conocido y de creciente preocupación. Si bien la idea tradicional es que las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) son habitualmente delgadas, la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad aumentó en paralelo, o incluso más que en la población general, como lo demuestran varios estudios. Se sabe que el control estricto de la glucemia previene complicaciones en esta población, pero muchas veces trae aparejado un aumento de peso consecuencia, en ocasiones, de sobreinsulinización, hipoglucemias e ingesta defensiva.

Aunque los mecanismos responsables del aumento de peso asociado a la insulina aún no se comprenden completamente, se han propuesto varios, no siendo excluyentes entre sí: 1) el mejor control glucémico disminuye la glucemia por debajo del umbral renal, aumentando las calorías retenidas de la ingesta; 2) la administración periférica de insulina que, al evitar el pasaje hepático de la insulina, genera mayor hiperinsulinemia y acumulación de tejido adiposo en tejidos periféricos; 3) modificaciones en la hormona del crecimiento o sistema IGF-1, que podría tener un papel clave en mantener la composición corporal equilibrando el anabolismo y catabolismo; 4) el tratamiento intensificado si bien mejora el control glucémico, aumenta del riesgo de hipoglucemias y muchas veces genera ingesta defensiva en casos de ejercicios, y alta ingesta de carbohidratos para el tratamiento del evento hipoglucémico. Por último, hay que tener en cuenta que los factores genéticos y fenotípicos también contribuyen con el aumento de peso en las personas con DM1.
Simposio 13: Impacto de la prediabetes en la enfermedad macrovascular
Authors: Gómez Martin Carolina
Published: October 2023

Las complicaciones macrovasculares con frecuencia están presentes al momento del diagnóstico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). En un estudio retrospectivo que incluyó 159.736 personas con nuevo diagnóstico de DM, el 23,5% presentaba al menos una complicación macrovascular (enfermedad coronaria, cerebrovascular y/o arterial periférica)1.

Los estudios epidemiológicos demostraron que la prediabetes es un fuerte predictor de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). En un metaanálisis que incluyó 53 estudios prospectivos de cohortes con 1.611.339 individuos, con un seguimiento de 9,5 años, en comparación con la normoglucemia, la prediabetes se asoció con un mayor riesgo de ECV, enfermedad coronaria, accidente cerebrovascular y mortalidad por todas las causas2. En este sentido, el estudio EPIC-Norfolk mostró que un aumento del 1% en la HbA1c dentro del rango normal se asoció con una mayor mortalidad cardiovascular a los 10 años3.
Simposio 14: Promoción de entornos saludables en la niñez y accesibilidad en poblaciones vulnerables
Authors: Risso Patrón Verónica
Published: October 2023

El programa de cooperación de UNICEF en Argentina busca fortalecer las capacidades de los gobiernos en todos sus niveles para que cuenten con herramientas, información y evidencias para mejorar la nutrición de las niñas, niños y adolescentes (NNyA), con enfoque de derechos, género y equidad.

En Argentina, al igual que en América Latina, los problemas de malnutrición son el resultado de los profundos cambios que han afectado a sus sistemas alimentarios y la transformación de los entornos alimentarios hacia entornos no saludables que fomentan patrones de alimentación poco saludables. Los cambios en las prácticas alimentarias siguen la tendencia mundial, afectando a los grupos más vulnerables, especialmente a aquellos con bajos niveles educativos y menores ingresos.
Simposio 16: Enfermedades autoinmunes endocrinas asociadas
Authors: Martínez Marcela
Published: October 2023

La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) se asocia frecuentemente con otras enfermedades autoinmunes (AI). Los síndromes poliendocrinos autoinmunes (SPA) comprenden un grupo de enfermedades caracterizadas por el trastorno funcional de diversas glándulas endocrinas originado en la pérdida de la tolerancia inmune. Pueden incluir condiciones no endocrinas como alopecia, enfermedad celíaca y gastritis autoinmune, entre otras. Estos síndromes incluyen al SPA tipo II, III y IV. Todos se caracterizan por presentación insidiosa, autoanticuerpos circulantes e infiltración linfocitaria de los órganos afectados. La frecuencia y los patrones de autoinmunidad son muy variables, y el riesgo de desarrollar las enfermedades depende de la susceptibilidad genética y de los factores ambientales. El tipo II se caracteriza por presentar dos de las siguientes patologías: DM1, tiroiditis autoinmune y enfermedad de Addison. El tipo III se define por la presencia de enfermedad tiroidea AI y DM1 sin compromiso adrenal, y el tipo IV es un diagnóstico de exclusión ante la asociación de dos o más síndromes endocrinos AI que no constituyen SPA II ni III1.

El sexo femenino y la edad son factores de riesgo para la asociación de DM1 con otras enfermedades AI2.
Sundanese traditional sports: level of knowledge among 21st century adolescents
Authors: Budiman Ali , Nopembri Soni , Supriadi Dedi
Published: October 2023

Traditional sports are assets and characteristics of a country that must be preserved and known by all ages of the country's people. Therefore this study aims to determine the level of knowledge of traditional Sundanese sports among youth in the 21st century in the current era of modernization and globalization. For this study, the authors used a quantitative survey research method which was conducted on 326 high school students spread throughout the province of West Java, consisting of 188 male students and 138 female students. The results of this study indicate that the level of knowledge about traditional Sundanese sports among adolescents in the current era of modernization and globalization is at a moderate level. This is because the current modernization and globalization have an impact on the phenomenon of youth activity, so that the level of knowledge of traditional Sundanese sports is only at a moderate level. Even though the level of knowledge of traditional Sundanese sports for teenagers is at a moderate level, knowledge of traditional Sundanese sports among teenagers must continue to be socialized within the framework of adaptation to regional traditional culture and as time goes on, the traditional Sundanese sports culture will not become extinct.
Keywords: Adolescents, Culture, Modernization, Level of Knowledge, Sundanese Traditional Sports.
A Systematic Review on Blended Learning Approach in Language Education
Authors: Ismail Noor Fazida , Yassin Ruhizan Mohamad
Published: October 2023

Technological developments have greatly influenced the current culture of life. The patterns of children growing, developing, playing, socializing and communicating have changed a lot in line with the times and the latest facilities. Now children and teenagers are closer to technology and even more comfortable learning and connecting using technology. As the main driver of national education, teachers have a major role to play in imparting knowledge in various methods and strategies that are deemed appropriate. Technology integration in the classroom has been a challenge for education systems to meet the demands of 21st century learning needs. A systematic literature review was conducted on blended learning approaches in education by analysis and synthesis. Multiple databases such as Springer Link, Taylor & Francis, Sage E-Journal and Wiley were used as search engines for related articles during the period 2017-2021. The results show that blended learning approach was mostly researched in higher education and initially focused on students. The majority of blended learning approach research is also coming from developing countries, leading to the need to make blended learning approach adoption easier in particular. Teachers, students, and institutions frequently face issues related to a lack of ICT infrastructure and specialization. The results of this study can be used to develop a plan towards blended learning approach adoption.
Design Upgrade of Some Selected Evening Gowns as a Sustainable Method in the Fashion Industry
Authors: El-jassera Haifa , Samia Hassan
Published: October 2023

Purpose: The study sought to achieve sustainability in the fashion industry through the redesign of outfits for some selected evening gowns.

Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data, or that which can be collected without field work. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resource; hence, it is often considered a low - cost technique compared to field work. The study relied on already- published studies, reports, and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through online research and the library.

Findings: The study's findings revealed statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the direction of measurement of the study sample's opinions, as well as the existence of a correlation between the mean scores of each of the axes in the proposed study's mindset scale. These outcomes prove that the fashion renewal of durable gowns is one of the ways to verify garment sustainability.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The concept of the circular fashion theory is derived from the broader concept of the circular economy, which aims to reduce waste and extend the lifespan of fashion products. The theory promotes sustainable practices such as up- cycling, refurbishing, and remanufacturing to create new value from existing garments. In other words, it encourages the reuse of materials and products to minimize waste and reduce environmental impact. In addition by applying circular fashion theory, designers can upgrade selected evening gowns by repurposing existing materials, incorporating sustainable textiles, or redesigning elements of the gowns to make them versatile and timeless. This theory encourages a shift from the linear "take-make-dispose" model to a more sustainable and circular approach. By adopting circular fashion practices, we can help create a more sustainable future for the fashion industry. Sustainability could potentially act as an argument for future studies in the fashion and design businesses. The study is expected to benefit policymakers and stakeholders in the fashion business in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study findings will be used to improve and develop the performance of fashion design sustainability. The study recommends that the adoption of effective fashion design for durable evening gowns will help achieve fashion sustainability.
From Pedagogy to Andragogy: How well are we preparing our Learners in Bangladesh?
Authors: Choudhury Mehnaz Tazeen
Published: October 2023

Implementing of andragogic principles in tertiary level instruction in Bangladesh remains a problematic area as in most cases students seem unaware of the dynamism of adult learning. Students who join university continue to depend, to a large extent, on their teachers to explain everything. The researcher was able to make this observation from her own experience of tertiary level teaching in the country. This study was an exploratory one which sought to find out, from students who had recently earned their under graduate degrees, how different their tertiary level instructions were from their school instruction and whether their journey through their alma mater had prepared them to be self-directed and autonomous learners ready to take on the responsibility for their subsequent learning on themselves. The sample comprised of six students from the Department of English and a phenomenological approach was used with semi-structured interview as the data collection tool. Findings showed that students had some initial difficulty adapting to the andragogic approach to learning, but they found it a satisfying and motivating experience which had enabled them to understand the importance of self-determined and autonomous learning.