bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educación online durante el cierre escolar por COVID 19 en España. Percepción del profesorado
Authors: García-Sampedro Fernández-Canteli Marta , Peña Suárez Elsa , Rodríguez Olay Lucía
Published: November 2021

Este estudio empírico explora las percepciones del profesorado no universitario sobre la educación online y el uso de las TIC durante el cierre de los centros educativos españoles por la COVID 19. También pretende determinar las limitaciones encontradas en algunos aspectos, y las diferencias de opinión entre el profesorado de distintas etapas educativas. Para ello, se diseñó un cuestionario ad hoc destinado al profesorado de toda España del que se obtuvieron 700 respuestas. Los resultados muestran que el instrumento utilizado es válido, fiable y capaz de discriminar diferentes puntos de vista sobre la educación online en diversos tipos de enseñanzas. Asimismo, revela que la percepción del profesorado sobre la instrucción online no es favorable, siendo más negativa en las etapas obligatorias que en las más vocacionales. Además, la educación online supone una carga de trabajo extra, un coste económico adicional, y lleva aparejadas algunas dificultades derivadas de la falta de contacto físico-emocional con el alumnado. Se puede concluir que la pandemia ha llevado al profesorado a realizar un esfuerzo extenuante por adaptarse al nuevo escenario educativo y por modificar sus estrategias, todo lo cual ha causado innumerables inconvenientes y ha propiciado novedosas formas de interacción con el estudiantado.
Implicaciones de la Teoría de Usos y Gratificaciones en las prácticas mediadas por redes sociales en el ámbito educativo. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Gil-Fernández Raquel , Calderón-Garrido Diego
Published: November 2021

Las tensiones entre los diferentes agentes educativos y la sociedad han propiciado infinidad de cambios en relación con los recursos que se usan para gestionar las diferentes relaciones. En la actualidad, las redes sociales se presentan como un recurso más a las que docentes y discentes recurren por diversos motivos. La Teoría de Usos y Gratificaciones se presenta como un enfoque óptimo para conocer las motivaciones que tienen los usuarios. En este artículo se realiza un análisis de la literatura científica publicada en SCOPUS y JCR entre los años 2001 y 2020 sobre la aplicación de dicha teoría a las redes sociales en el ámbito educativo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los artículos se distribuyen en tres temáticas principales: investigación educativa, psicología educativa y comunicación o información educativa. Como conclusión, se ha detectado que la Teoría de Usos y Gratificaciones otorga una perspectiva crítica que expone, con mayor tendencia, las limitaciones de las redes sociales. Sin embargo, también se han observado propuestas para las buenas prácticas.
A política de assistência social na conjuntura brasileira: Desmonte de direitos e desconstrução da seguridade social
Authors: da Silva e Silva María Ozanira
Published: November 2021

O texto tem como foco de reflexão a Política de Assistência Social e o Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS), situados no contexto da conjuntura socioeconômica e política brasileira pós-2016.
A Escola Nacional de Minas e Metalurgia nos 100 anos da UFRJ
Authors: Miotti Ana Carolina
Published: November 2021

O artigo destaca o caráter informativo do projeto que vem sendo desenvolvido pela Divisão de Preservação Documental vinculada ao Sistema de Arquivos da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, SIARQ/UFRJ, referente à preservação dos livros de atas do Conselho Universitário (CONSUNI), evidenciando-se nesta abordagem a presença de registros ligados à Escola Nacional de Minas e Metalurgia que durante três décadas esteve subordinada à instituição. Embora as vicissitudes provocadas pelo estado de pandemia da Covid-19 tenham interrompido duramente o desenvolvimento da atividade, identifica-se o papel dos arquivos permanentes, a ressaltar a relevância de tal trabalho não somente nas comemorações do centenário, mas também na preservação da memória da universidade.
A multi-ice-core, annual-layer-counted Greenland ice-core chronology for the last 3800 years: GICC21
Authors: Sinnl Giulia , Winstrup Mai , Erhardt Tobias , Cook Eliza , Jensen Camilla , Svensson Anders , Vinther Bo Møllesøe , Muscheler Raimund , Rasmussen Sune Olander
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Ice-core timescales are vital for the understanding of past climate; hence they should be updated whenever significant amounts of new data can contribute to improvements. Here, the Greenland ice-core chronology was revised for the last 3835 years by synchronizing six deep ice-cores and three shallow ice-cores from the central Greenland ice sheet. A layer-counting bias was found in all ice cores because of site-specific signal disturbances, and a manual comparison of all ice cores was deemed necessary to increase timescale accuracy. A new method was applied by combining automated counting of annual layers on multiple parallel proxies and manual fine-tuning. After examining sources of error and their correlation lengths, the uncertainty rate was quantified to be one year per century. The new timescale is younger than the previous Greenland chronology by about 13 years at 3800 years ago. The most recent 800 years are largely unaffected by the revision, while the slope of the offset between timescales is steepest between 800 and 1000 years ago. Moreover, offset-oscillations of about 5 years around the average are observed between 2500 and 3800 years ago. The non-linear offset behavior is attributed to previous mismatches of volcanic eruptions, to the much more extensive data set available to this study, and to the finer resolution of the new ice-core matching. In response to volcanic eruptions, averaged water isotopes and layer thicknesses from Greenland ice cores provide evidence of notable cooling lasting for up to a decade, longer than reported in previous studies of volcanic forcing. By analysis of the common variations of cosmogenic radionuclides, the new ice-core timescale is found to be in alignment with the IntCal20 curve. Radiocarbon dated evidence found in the proximity of eruption sites such as Vesuvius or Thera was compared to the ice-core dataset; no conclusive evidence was found regarding if these two eruptions can be matched to acidity spikes in the ice cores. A hitherto unidentified cooling event in the ice cores is observed at about 3600 years ago (1600 BCE), which could have been caused by a large eruption which is, however, not clearly recorded in the acidity signal. The hunt for clear signs of the Thera eruption in Greenland ice-cores thus remains elusive.
Historical Tsunamis of Taiwan in the Eighteenth Century: the 1781 Jiateng Harbor Flooding and 1782 Tsunami Event
Authors: Liu Tien-Chi , Wu Tso-Ren , Hsu Shu-Kun
Published: November 2021

Abstract. This research aims to study two of the historical tsunamis occurred in Taiwan during the 18th century and to reconstruct the incidents. The 1781 Jiateng Harbor Flooding, recorded by the Chinese historical document, Taiwan Interview Catalogue, took place on the southwest coast of Taiwan. On the other hand, the 1782 Tsunami was documented in foreign languages, with uncertainties of the actual time. Reasoning these historical events requires not only carefully examining the literature records but also performing the scenarios that match the descriptions. The Impact Intensity Analysis (IIA) is employed to locate possible regions of tsunami sources in order to reproduce the events. Numerical simulations based on the Cornell Multi-Grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) analyze the influence of different types of tsunami generated both by submarine mass failures and seismic activities. Numerical results indicate that the source of the 1781 Jiateng Harbor Flooding is located very possibly at the South South-West side of Taiwan. However, simulation results and historical records put the existence of the 1782 Tsunami in doubt, and the possibility of storm surges could not be ruled out.
Experimental study on okra planter for sowing of soaked seed
Authors: C M Badgujar , Dhingra H S , Gautam A , Khurana R , Mannes G S
Published: November 2021

India is one of the leading Okra-producing countries producing 66.3% of the World’s okra. However, the traditional manual sowing methods result in low yield, poor quality, and high cost of cultivation. Therefore, an experimental study was designed to evaluate a tractor-operated Okra planter in the laboratory and field conditions for a locally available seed variety (Pusa A4). Laboratory experiments consisted of three independent variables; inclined plates (3 levels), inclination angles (3 levels), and speed of operations (4 levels). Dependent variables were seed spacing, a number of seeds/meter row length, and performance indices (multiple index, miss index, and quality of feed index). A 3×3×4 factorial design was applied to laboratory data analysis. The planter’s best parameter combination (plate, Inclination angle, and speed) was evaluated on actual field conditions at two different locations (X and Y). The field evaluation includes; plant-plant spacing, performance indices, planter field capacity, and fuel consumption. The planter was operated at 2.17, 2.25 km/h and plant-plant spacing was observed 15.98 cm, 17.11 cm, respectively, for locations X and Y. The observed plant spacing was close to desired spacing (15 cm). The field evaluation studies validated the results of laboratory experiments and desirable plant population were observed at both locations.
Characteristic Psychological and Physiological Aspects of Personality in Idiomatic Expressions of Modern French and English
Authors: Akhvlediani Tsiuri , Kuparadze Giorgi , Gabunia Ketevan
Published: November 2021

Idioms remain a peculiar composition of specific lexical units, which differ from the words. The use of a word in an idiomatic unit is only its specific case. The particular colouring of the given units creates special (different from the word) possibilities for its appliance for emotional-expressive purpose.Idiomatic expressions are firm combinations that adorn speech. These inseparable structures, which have lexical meaning, define phenomena, features, states, and signs. They are called alternations that are freely divided into constituent parts. Moreover, these elements are independent and have some meaningful significance. Idiomatic expressions are considered to be such linguistic units that are represented as groups of words and are not often predetermined by structure and by meaning in particular.Research materials have been selected and taken from the French and English explanatory (monolingual) and phraseological dictionaries.The specificity of phraseological semantics is determined by the fact that phraseological units reflect not the fragment of reality named by the word-components, but give us information about the world obtained as a result of the secondary nomination. The highest function of phraseological units and idiomatic vocabulary is expressiveness. Phraseologisms mainly serve the emotional sphere of language.The origins of idiomatic units in both French and English, as well as in other languages, are varied. Their images have been derived from various spheres of material, cultural and socio-economic life of Nations. They (the units) reflect the history, existence and culture, their spirituality and the way of thinking. Phraseologisms are considered to be one of the most striking manifestations of the national-cultural specificity of a language.Idioms with a positive evaluation (i.e. phraseologisms that refer to a person and his/her positive characteristics) are used in ordinary expressions to describe what another person is. Idioms implying a personality are mostly historically conditioned.To sum up, from the above idiomatic expressions, we can conclude that most of these units carry a negative connotation of the physiological and psychological aspects of a person.
From the History of the Classification of parts of speech
Authors: Chrikishvili Nino
Published: November 2021

Distributing the vocabulary in a language into different classes and using common grammatical signs (morphological categories, suntactic functions) as a class-fiction principle creates a list of parts of a specific number of speech in a language. Spanish is no exception, where nine parts of speech are distinguished: noun, adjective, pronoun, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction,interjection. He presented sequence of parts of speech is found in 2009, after the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) published an updated grammar of the Spanish language “„Nueva gramática de la lengua española“. The academy-proposed classification with updated grammar, which is considered the final version at this stage, differs in a number of characteristics from the classifications presented in the grammatical works of previous centuries.The present article deals with the history of the classification of parts of speech, where based on the most important grammatical works for the Spanish (Castilian) language, the evolution of the classification of parts of speech is described. Description of the classification of parts of speech we started from the first grammar of Castilian language and saw how the Nebrichasian classification gradually changed and how we got the part of the nine speeches in modern Spanish.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ АСПЕКТИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: БАРСУКОВА Т. О. , АНТІПОВА Ж. І.
Published: November 2021

Стаття присвячена пошуку нових, ефективних засобів реорганізації педагогічного процесу у сфері фізичного виховання здобувачів вищої освіти. Підкреслюється, що основою технології такого педагогічного процесу є сукуп- ність дій викладача та здобувача, які приводять до успіху в реалізації поставлених освітніх і виховних завдань. Розглядається необхідність розробки нових програм у тих видах спорту, що вибрали здобувачі. Застосування інноваційних засобів і методів дозволяє розширити можливості популяризації обраного виду спорту й оцінити позитивний вплив цих видів на розвиток фізичних якостей здобувачів. Такий підхід буде сприяти підвищенню мотивації до навчальних занять, до ведення здорового способу життя, а також удосконаленню рівня фізичної під- готовленості кожного з тих, хто займається. Проблема створення нових програм з інноваційними аспектами в організації фізичного виховання здобувачів вищої освіти розглядається у педагогічному, методичному й організаційному аспектах. Вивчаються роботи різних авторів і сучасних учених, аналізується досвід застосування подібних програм в інших закладах вищої освіти. На заняттях із фізичного виховання у закладах освіти одним із ключових напрямів повинна стати підтримка соціального здоров’я здобувачів. Оскільки статистика відзначає зниження рівня здоров’я у середовищі студент- ської молоді, проблема збереження і зміцнення здоров’я сьогодні є надзвичайно актуальною та важливою. Акту- альність означеної теми зумовлена необхідністю введення нових технологій у програми за видами спорту з метою підвищення активності та зацікавленості здобувачів у заняттях фізичною культурою і спортом загалом. У період навчання у закладах вищої освіти для здобувачів рухова активність є основою здорового способу життя, тому у ситуації, що склалася, необхідно шукати нові шляхи просування цих корисних ініціатив. Аналіз системи фізичного виховання в нашій академії, проведення анкетування серед здобувачів і обробка результатів дослідження дозволяють визначити та запропонувати найбільш ефективні шляхи активізації навчаль- ного процесу з урахуванням всіх побажань.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ФІЗИЧНИХ ТЕРАПЕВТІВ, ЕРГОТЕРАПЕВТІВ ПІД ЧАС ВИВЧЕННЯ ДИСЦИПЛІН ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО СПРЯМУВАННЯ
Authors: ВИШАР Є. В. , КЛЕЦЕНКО Л. В.
Published: November 2021

У статті розглянуто основні теоретичні питання щодо сутності та змісту формування професійної компетент- ності під час вивчення дисциплін професійного спрямування у підготовці майбутніх фізичних терапевтів, ерготе- рапевтів. Теоретично охарактеризовано соціально-психологічні та педагогічні здоров’язбережувальні технології у професійній діяльності фахівців із фізичної реабілітації. Обґрунтовано важливість ціннісної складової частини у процесі формування професійної компетентності, розкрито основи моделювання ціннісного світогляду май- бутніх спеціалістів, орієнтованого на формування професійного здоров’я. Обґрунтовано переваги використання стетотерапевтичних методів у роботі фахівців із фізичної реабілітації у професійній діяльності. Доведено, що ефективність процесу фізичної реабілітації залежить від готовності фахівців фізичної реабілітації використову- вати соціально-психологічні та педагогічні здоров’язбережувальні технології. Охарактеризовано чотири компо- ненти змісту освіти та їх вплив на майбутнього фахівця з фізичної реабілітації. Виділено основні принципи від- бору і структурування змісту дисциплін професійного спрямування у підготовці майбутніх фізичних терапевтів, ерготерапевтів, які забезпечать якісне формування професійної компетентності та цінностей майбутніх фахівців. Описано послідовність особливостей становлення професійної компетентності майбутніх фізичних терапевтів, ерготерапевтів. Розглянуті аспекти реалізації принципу зв’язку науки із професійною діяльністю, що забезпе- чує вагому підвалину для формування професійного здоров’я. Доведено, що вказані аспекти реалізації принципу зв’язку науки із професійним середовищем мають базуватися на передових наукових досягненнях, оскільки про- фесійна діяльність буде конкурентоспроможною лише за умови відповідності науково-технічному прогресу.
Motywowanie jako podstawowy element zarządzania personelem
Authors: Maziarz Piotr
Published: November 2021

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia motywowania jako elementu zarządzania personelem. Zwrócono uwagę na istotę i znaczenie zasobów ludzkich w przedsiębiorstwach. Przybliżono definicję zasobów ludzkich, określono znaczenie oraz sposób zarządzania nimi. Przeprowadzono analizę funkcjonowania systemumotywacyjnego na przykładzie wybranego przedsiębiorstwa i przedstawiono system motywacyjny panujący w firmie.
Makt- og sannhetsdiskurser i barnehagen
Authors: Sunde Jannike
Published: November 2021

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Alt var mye bedre før? En sammenlikning av barns grovmotoriske ferdigheter i 1995 og i 2004
Authors: Christiansen Kari , Hagen Per Chr.
Published: November 2021

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”Och jag har redan fyllt fyra år!” – kunskaper om och användning av ålder bland förskolebarn
Authors: Löfdahl Annica , Hägglund Solveig
Published: November 2021

Under 1990-talet har den svenska förskolan förändrats. Flera stora reformer har genomförts (t.ex. läroplan och maxtaxa) och den venska förskolan har kommit att framstå som ”barnens egen” förskola där barn har rätt till deltagande i pedagogiska verksamheter. Det framträder också nya synsätt på barn och barndom där barnen numera betraktas som aktiva, självständiga individer som inte bara tillåts utan också förväntas ha inflytande över sin vardag (se t.ex. Kampmann 2004). Arbetet med normer och värden betonas särskilt i förskolan, barnen ska utvecklas till demokratiska medborgare som har förståelse för och kan handskas med den kulturella mångfald och de olikheter som samhället består av. I denna decentraliserade förskola har ansvar för innehåll i verksamheten till stor del flyttats från centralt håll till de pedagoger och de praktiker där verksamheten tar form. På så vis har förskolan blivit en institution för värdefostran där barn genom sitt deltagande i förskolans verksamheter blir subjekt för genomförandet av centrala politiska idéer om t.ex. allas lika värde. Men hur ser det ut i praktiken? Den här studien är en del av ett större projekt som vi kallar ”Förändring och stabilitet i sociala kunskapsdomäner bland barn i förskolan” och som syftar till att integrera perspektiv på barndom, barns kamratkulturer och förskolan som institution. En mer detaljerad beskrivning av projektets teoretiska grunder finns återgivet i Löfdahl (2005). Syftet med denna artikel är att undersöka och beskriva hur barn i förskolan tillsammans skapar och använder kunskap om ålder i gemensamma aktiviteter. I syftet ingår att utveckla teoretiska begrepp för att tolka och förstå betydelsen av ålder inom dessa sociala kunskapssystem.
Stefedre og deres betydning for barna
Authors: Dahlhaug Tor Erik
Published: November 2021

Anslagsvis 87000 barn bor med en steforelder. En økende andel barn antas å oppleve samlivsbrudd mellom foreldrene i de kommende årene og flere og flere barn får steforeldre. Denne artikkelen undersøker barns opplevelse av å ha stefar. Det diskuteres hvilken betydningfamilieendringene har for relasjonene mellom mor og barn og hvilken betydning stefar kan ha for barn økonomisk/materielt og sosialt.
Sosial kompetanse, samfunnsutvikling og sosialisering
Authors: Frønes Ivar
Published: November 2021

Sosial kompetanse forstås i litteraturen som viktig både i forhold til samfunnsutvikling og arbeidslivets kompetansekrav, og i forhold til sosialisering, som er tema for denne artikkelen. Artikkelen gjennomgår hva som legges i begrepet om sosial kompetanse, hvilke dimensjoner som beskrives som sentrale, og betydningen av slik kompetanse i moderne sosialisering. Gjennom ulike teorier beskrives utviklingen av sosial kompetanse, med vekt på betydningen av slik kompetanse i forhold til problemadferd og forebyggende arbeid. I dette perspektivet diskuteres forholdet mellom sosial kompetanse, sosial kapital og sosial eksklusjon.
Fra redaksjonen
Authors: Tingstad Vebjørg , Korsvold Tora
Published: November 2021

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Incorporating children’s perspectives into family sociology: dilemmas and potentialities
Authors: Dalseng Haugen Gry Mette
Published: November 2021

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Efeitos do teletrabalho em órgãos da administração pública e empresas públicas
Authors: De Souza Eric Henrique , Silva Sillas Tsutsui , Chaebo Gemael , Lopes José Carlos de Jesus
Published: November 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apontar os efeitos da adoção do teletrabalho em órgãos da administração pública e empresas públicas. A pesquisa sobre o teletrabalho se justifica pela necessidade de reduzir os custos administrativos do Estado e os impactos de suas atividades na utilização de recursos naturais, aplicando o princípio da eficiência na administração pública. A metodologia adotada foi a de revisão bibliográfica. A amostra envolveu estudos previamente publicados sobre a aplicação do teletrabalho em órgãos da administração pública e em empresas públicas brasileiras. A pesquisa foi idealizada utilizando duas bases de dados: o portal SciELO e o Google Acadêmico, utilizando os descritores “teletrabalho”, “empresas públicas” e “administração pública”, buscando artigos, teses e dissertações publicados em português entre 2009 e 2019. Foram encontrados 9 trabalhos. A técnica adotada para a análise dos dados foi a análise de conteúdo. Os principais efeitos identificados na literatura foram: o aumento na percepção sobre a qualidade de vida e a conformidade profissional, a elevação da produtividade e a redução dos custos logísticos e de deslocamento. A despeito das vantagens identificadas, há relatos de resistência, principalmente por parte dos gestores e de alguns servidores.
PENGGUNAAN SABUN PEMBERSIH VAGINA DENGAN KEJADIANKEPUTIHAN PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI SMAN 1 SUKOMORO KABUPATEN NGANJUK
Authors: Tyas Lusia Wahyuning
Published: November 2021

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La Inclusión como quehacer Pedagógico
Authors: Restrepo Martha Liliana González
Published: November 2021

La educación inclusiva significa atender con calidad y equidad las características comunes y específicas que presentan nuestros niños y niñas. Para ello, la Experiencia Educativa aeioTU propone momentos cotidianos organizados, que se desarrollan a lo largo del día y cotidianamente llamamos “un día aeioTU”.
El Análisis Pragmalingüístico en Interacciones Conversacionales, Teoría, Ejemplos y una Posibilidad de Estudio en el Aula
Authors: Sánchez Ospina César Alberto
Published: November 2021

En este artículo se presenta un análisis pragmalingüístico del comportamiento verbal de dos personajes públicos comprometidos con el proceso de Negociación Gobierno - Paramilitar. El objeto de este trabajo es evidenciar que los artículos de prensa escrita, en especial, los de opinión y las entrevistas desarrollados en el marco de este proceso, reflejan la debilidad, lo difícil y sombrío del mismo. Se asume el análisis en virtud de los AHI (Actos de Habla Indirectos) propuestos inicialmente por Searle. Para ello centro su estudio en los modos como estos personajes públicos observan y trasgreden las máximas conversacionales a través de la presencia de estrategias de cortesía, actos irónicos y el uso retórico de la palabra como estrategias que coadyuvan al cuidado de la imagen de sí. Y como todo ello, en la medida que sea desentrañado por un sujeto dará cuenta de la configuración de un lector modelo en el aula de clase o fuera de ella.Palabras Clave:Máximas conversacionales, cortesía, ironía, indireccionalidad, lector modelo.
Reseña Trabajos de Grado de Estudiantes de Licenciatura en Educación Básica con Énfasis en Humanidades y Lengua Castellana
Authors: Arango Zuleta Patricia
Published: November 2021

La siguiente reseña  es sobre trabajos de grado de estudiantes de Licenciatura en Educación Básica con énfasis en Humanidades y Lengua Castellana, cohorte uno, conformada por Normalistas Supriores en el Municipio de Jericó, quienes llevaron a cabo la práctica investigativa  entre 2007 y 2008.Su realización, que partió de la lectura de cada informe para identificar generalidades y particularidades, desde el punto de vista estructural y con el ánimo de agilizar la lectura de la reseña, he identificado aspectos relevantes, por afinidad o diferencia, y los he agrupado en diferentes ítems que movilizan un proceso de investigación y están presentes en el cuerpo escrito de la misma
Audiência de custódia: Crivo judicial das prisões cautelares
Authors: Tourounoglou Felipe Teles
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this work is to present the Hearing of Custody as a judicial review of the precautionary prisons in Brazil, therefore, it will also demonstrate that such an institution has the ability to avoid violation of the fundamental rights and guarantees of man. The institute is presented imbued with the neoconstitutionalist context in which human rights are embedded, as well as the existence of international treaties dealing with human rights. It is a study that tries to analyze the problematic problematic of the precautionary prisons, approached through the chaos of the Brazilian penitentiary system.
A Educação Histórica no Ensino Primário angolano: uma análise centrada no programa da 6.ª classe
Authors: Emanuel Vita , Barca Isabel , Costa Nilza
Published: November 2021

This study is focused on History Education in Primary School in Angola and aims to understand the political-normative assumptions at an international (Agenda 2030 and 2063) and national level (PND 2018-2022/Educar-Angola 2030), as well as the theoretical framework about the teaching of History and its curriculum underlying the Program of the discipline in the 6th grade. This research makes use of  qualitative and interpretative methods,  as well as  content analysis of the current Program based on a grid elaborated and validated by two specialists in Didactics and Curricular Development of History. The results indicate that, similarly to what was found by the researchers for the 5th grade syllabus, although it does not incorporate explicit political-normative references related to the need to work on central dimensions of the international and national guiding principles, it contemplates other dimensions, also implicitly, that are in line with these principles.  For example, an alignment with the 4th Sustainable Development Goal. Nevertheless, in relation to the theoretical framework, and particularly to the “situated historical cognition”, there is a reduced adequacy. Likewise, there is a lack of curriculum consistency, particularly in relation to the core elements of the Program. Thus, considering these results and the perspectives mobilized and discussed, it is suggested that the curricular materials under development in the country incorporate these aspects.
Performance characteristics of 18F-fluciclovine positron emission tomography/computed tomography prior to retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
Authors: Woldu Solomon L. , Meng Xiaosong , Wong Daniel , Baky Fady , Margulis Vitaly , Xi Yin , Subramaniam Rathan M. , Bagrodia Aditya
Published: November 2021

Introduction: We aimed to determine whether anti-1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (18F-fluciclovine) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can accurately detect residual non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) prior to retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). There is no reliable way to differentiate between fibrosis/necrosis, teratoma, and viable germ cell tumor in patients receiving post-chemotherapy RPLND. Functional imaging, including 18F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT, has been disappointing. Due to the need for better imaging modalities, our prospective, pilot study aims to investigate the accuracy of 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT in detecting residual tumor prior to RPLND.
Methods: From March 2018 to May 2019, 10 eligible patients underwent preoperative 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT prior to undergoing bilateral, full-template RPLND or excision of mass (for one re-do RPLND) in a prospective, phase 2 study. Correlation between 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT and RPLND pathology were evaluated on a per-patient level.
Results: A total of 10 patients (mean age 29±7.6 years) underwent 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT prior to surgery. Nine of 10 patients received chemotherapy prior to RPLND. Correlation between 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT and RPLND pathology was seen in 3/10 (30%) patients. Five of 10 patients (50%) with negative 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT were found to have residual disease/teratoma on RPLND. Compared to the reference standard of RPLND, 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT demonstrated 29% sensitivity and 33% specificity. No patients experienced any adverse events due to 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT.
Conclusions: Despite a different mechanism of action from 18F-FDG, 18F-fluciclovine has low sensitivity and specificity for residual teratoma in the retroperitoneum.
Peer Scaffolding During EFL Reading Activities: A Sociocultural Perspective
Authors: Yawiloeng Rattana
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the types of peer scaffolding used by Thai EFL students while completing reading activities. Pre-test, post-test and reading test procedures were implemented to measure the impact of peer scaffolding on students’ reading comprehension. The peer scaffolding checklist was employed to identify the types of peer scaffolding the EFL students used in the reading classroom. This study found that the EFL students gained higher post-test mean scores after engaging in reading activities along with peer scaffolding strategies. The beginner and elementary EFL students mostly used procedural assistance, whereas the intermediate EFL students frequently used sharing and questing as peer scaffolding. These findings may provide sociocultural theoretical and pedagogical implications for EFL teachers when supporting peer scaffolding and assisting EFL students to develop reading comprehension. 
The Impact of Social Responsibility Disclosure on Financial Performance Via Accounting Conservatism as A Mediator Variable: Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Fayad Altawalbeh Mohammad Abdullah
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to investigate the direct effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) on financial performance as well as the indirect impact via accounting conservatism as a mediator variable. The sample of the study consisted of 45 industrial companies listed on Amman stock exchange (ASE) over the period 2015-2019, CSRD was measured using a 43-item index, data to measure the variables was collected through the financial reports of the study sample publicly available on ASE website, Smart PLS3 software was run to examine the study hypotheses, the results of the path analysis revealed that CSRD has a positive significant direct effect on financial performance, furthermore, accounting conservatism has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, this result prove that accounting conservatism has a complimentary partial mediation role between CSRD and financial performance, a partial mediation occurs when the direct impact of the exogenous (CSRD) remains significant along with the indirect impact in the mediation model, furthermore, it is a complementary mediation that occurs when the indirect effect and direct effect remain significant and in the same direction. The study recommends that external auditor evaluate and communicate the CSRD level within the auditor’s report.
Is a whole-school approach necessary? The potential for alternative models of restorative justice in education
Authors: Norris Heather
Published: November 2021

Is a whole-school approach necessary? The potential for alternative models of restorative justice in education

Evaluations of restorative justice frequently report that only a minority of schools succeed in adopting a whole-school approach. More common are a consortium of practices necessitating the evaluation of schools not implementing the whole-school model but still achieving positive results. Previous research established that unconventional models have successful outcomes, yet little is known about the contextual factors and the causal mechanisms of different practices. This study finds that models of restorative justice facilitating student voice and consequently procedural justice have promising outcomes. Importantly, alternative models may be less resource-intensive, making them more feasible to fully implement.
Fundamentals and Knowledge Relevant to the Drag Reduction Through Air Cavitation of Ship's Hulls
Authors: Amromin E
Published: November 2021

Numerous experiments with ship drag reduction by air bottom cavitation in diverse countries have exhibited very different achievements. Therefore, a paper clarifying mechanics of this drag reduction and describing the proven design algorithms is appropriate.  Solutions of an ideal fluid problem existing in diverse ranges of Froude number are compared and the solutions suitable for ship drag reduction are considered in more detail. It is emphasized in this paper that a cavity locker at the trailing edge of the bottom niche (recess) assigned for the cavity is necessary to reduce the necessary air supply to the cavity and to mitigate the cavity tail pulsation resulting in a drag penalty. It is also pointed out that the bottom niche depth must allow for cavity withstanding under impact of waves in seaways. Bottom cavitation may even reduce wave-induced loads on the hull. With taking into account the above-mentioned design aspects, the energy spent on the air supply can be minimized. An algorithm of bottom design based on ideal fluid theory is also explained in the paper. Comparisons with several model test results are provided to illustrate the algorithm employment.
A New Functional Clustering Method with Combined Dissimilarity Sources and Graphical Interpretation
Authors: Dai Wenlin , Athanasiadis Stavros , Mrkvička Tomáš
Published: November 2021

Clustering is an essential task in functional data analysis. In this study, we propose a framework for a clustering procedure based on functional rankings or depth. Our methods naturally combine various types of between-cluster variation equally, which caters to various discriminative sources of functional data; for example, they combine raw data with transformed data or various components of multivariate functional data with their covariance. Our methods also enhance the clustering results with a visualization tool that allows intrinsic graphical interpretation. Finally, our methods are model-free and nonparametric and hence are robust to heavy-tailed distribution or potential outliers. The implementation and performance of the proposed methods are illustrated with a simulation study and applied to three real-world applications.
Compost, Social Sustainability, and Circular Economy in Guatemala
Authors: A. Kumble Peter
Published: November 2021

The research presented in this chapter explores a variety of objectives: first, what are the dynamics and associated requirements for initiating a new start-up composting business that would embrace the principles of Circular Economy? Secondly, is there a market for compost both in an urban environment and for farmers regionally in a development world economy such as Guatemala? With this, how can employment opportunities for at-risk youth from the most impoverished neighborhood in Guatemala City be created while adhering to the tenants of social sustainability? And finally, what were the requirements involved in making compost in the challenging high altitude climatic conditions of Guatemala City?
Middleware Solutions for the Internet of Things: A Survey
Authors: Ajana El Khaddar Mehdia
Published: November 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT), along with its wider variants including numerous technologies, things, and people: the Internet of Everything (IoE) and the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), are considered as part of the Internet of the future and ubiquitous computing allowing the communication among billions of smart devices and objects, and have recently drawn a very significant research attention. In these approaches, there are varieties of heterogeneous devices empowered by new capabilities and interacting with each other to achieve specific applications in different domains. A middleware layer is therefore required to abstract the physical layer details of the smart IoT devices and ease the complex and challenging task of developing multiple backend applications. In this chapter, an overview of IoT technologies, architecture, and main applications is given first and then followed by a comprehensive survey on the most recently used and proposed middleware solutions designed for IoT networks. In addition, open issues in IoT middleware design and future works in the field of middleware development are highlighted.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo in a Dynamical System of Information Theoretic Particles
Authors: Ogunfunmi Tokunbo , Deb Manas
Published: November 2021

In Bayesian learning, the posterior probability density of a model parameter is estimated from the likelihood function and the prior probability of the parameter. The posterior probability density estimate is refined as more evidence becomes available. However, any non-trivial Bayesian model requires the computation of an intractable integral to obtain the probability density function (PDF) of the evidence. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a well-known algorithm that solves this problem by directly generating the samples of the posterior distribution without computing this intractable integral. We present a novel perspective of the MCMC algorithm which views the samples of a probability distribution as a dynamical system of Information Theoretic particles in an Information Theoretic field. As our algorithm probes this field with a test particle, it is subjected to Information Forces from other Information Theoretic particles in this field. We use Information Theoretic Learning (ITL) techniques based on Rényi’s α-Entropy function to derive an equation for the gradient of the Information Potential energy of the dynamical system of Information Theoretic particles. Using this equation, we compute the Hamiltonian of the dynamical system from the Information Potential energy and the kinetic energy. The Hamiltonian is used to generate the Markovian state trajectories of the system.
Processing Techniques with Heating Conditions for Multiferroic Systems of BiFeO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, CaTiO3 Thin Films
Authors: Chand Verma Kuldeep , Singh Manpreet
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, we have report a list of synthesis methods (including both synthesis steps & heating conditions) used for thin film fabrication of perovskite ABO3 (BiFeO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3 and CaTiO3) based multiferroics (in both single-phase and composite materials). The processing of high quality multiferroic thin film have some features like epitaxial strain, physical phenomenon at atomic-level, interfacial coupling parameters to enhance device performance. Since these multiferroic thin films have ME properties such as electrical (dielectric, magnetoelectric coefficient & MC) and magnetic (ferromagnetic, magnetic susceptibility etc.) are heat sensitive, i.e. ME response at low as well as higher temperature might to enhance the device performance respect with long range ordering. The magnetoelectric coupling between ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in multiferroic becomes suitable in the application of spintronics, memory and logic devices, and microelectronic memory or piezoelectric devices. In comparison with bulk multiferroic, the fabrication of multiferroic thin film with different structural geometries on substrate has reducible clamping effect. A brief procedure for multiferroic thin film fabrication in terms of their thermal conditions (temperature for film processing and annealing for crystallization) are described. Each synthesis methods have its own characteristic phenomenon in terms of film thickness, defects formation, crack free film, density, chip size, easier steps and availability etc. been described. A brief study towards phase structure and ME coupling for each multiferroic system of BiFeO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3 and CaTiO3 is shown.
Diverse Synthesis and Characterization Techniques of Nanoparticles
Authors: Chinecherem Nkele Agnes , I. Ezema Fabian
Published: November 2021

Nanoparticles are small particles that range from 1 to 100 nm in size, exhibit several physical and chemical features. An understanding of nanoparticles would reveal great qualities and potential applications that would aid the diversification of thin film technologies. The synthesis methods employed like top-down, bottom-up, chemical, biological, and mechanical processes have great influence on the properties exhibited by such nanomaterials. This review covers an insight into the knowledge of nanoparticles, their classifications, parameters affecting their efficient performance, synthesis and characterization techniques of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are also characterized to obtain their morphological, structural, optical, elemental, size, and physiochemical features. The potential applications of nanoparticles have not been left undiscussed.
Hybrid Nature Properties of Tl10-xATe6 (A = Pb and Sn) Used as Batteries in Chalcogenide System
Authors: Muhammad Khan Waqas , Hussain Shah Wiqar
Published: November 2021

In future, the most common batteries will be the thallium. As there is many types of batteries but the thallium batteries are better from them. In here, we have made the compound which is more positive work than the other batteries. The different elements are doping in the tellurium telluride to determine the different properties like electrical and thermal properties of nanoparticles. The chalcogenide nanoparticles can be characteristics by the doping of the different metals which are like the holes. We present the effects of Pb and Sn doping on the electrical and thermoelectric properties of Tellurium Telluride Tl10-xPbxTe6 and Tl10-xSnxTe6 (x = 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00) respectively, which were prepared by solid state reactions in an evacuated sealed silica tubes. Structurally, all these compounds were found to be phase pure as confirmed by the x-rays diffractometery (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The thermo-power or Seebeck co-efficient (S) was measured for all these compounds which show that S increases with increasing temperature from 295 to 550 K. The Seebeck coefficient is positive for the whole temperature range, showing p-type semiconductor characteristics. Similarly the electrical conductivity (σ) and the power factors have also complex behavior with Pb and Sn concentrations. The power factor (PF = S2σ) observed for Tl10-xPbxTe6 and Tl10-xSnxTe6 compounds are increases with increase in the whole temperature range (290 K–550 K) studied here. Telluride’s are narrow band-gap semiconductors, with all elements in common oxidation states, according to (Tl+)9(Pb3+)(Te2−)6 and (Tl+)9(Sn3+)(Te2−)6. Phases range were investigated and determined with different concentration of Pb and Sn with consequents effects on electrical and thermal properties.
Bladder Cancer Variant Histologies: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: Ramos Pedro , Pereira Pedro , Dinis Paulo , Pacheco-Figueiredo Luís
Published: November 2021

Bladder cancer (BC) is an increasingly frequent cancer worldwide, being currently the sixth most frequent tumor and the thirteenth leading cause of cancer death. Among all BC cases, pathologists have identified several histomorphologies different from the conventional urothelial carcinoma. Although rare, these histologic variants have a distinct growth pattern, an altered cell differentiation and an unusual clinical behavior, especially concerning clinical presentation at diagnosis, response to the standard treatment and prognosis. Therefore, an updated review of this topic should be useful to aid clinicians in a better evidence-based decision-making. This chapter aims to summarize the current literature on the most common histologic variants regarding their epidemiology, clinical presentation at diagnosis, treatment options and prognosis. This includes both non-muscle invasive BC and muscle invasive BC as well as metastatic disease. A special focus will be placed on the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and early cystectomy and its prognostic implications.
Human Resources Remain Our Biggest Assets
Authors: Gallow Shiksha
Published: November 2021

This chapter analyses employees as human assets by investigating various retention theories. It is imperative that employers do not treat employees like “cogs in the wheel” but rather understand what factors would retain these individuals. The working environment in any organisation is important, as it has to be conducive to attaining a competent and successful workforce. The chapter focuses on a research study conducted evaluating what makes employees remain in an organisation. From the findings a conceptual retention model was developed which would assist employers in retaining staff and ensuring they are treated as human assets. The retention model was based on both a quantitative and qualitative analysis, and many themes and theories have been included in this model.
Raman Spectroscopy for Characterization of Hydrotalcite-like Materials Used in Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Honorato Chagas Luciano , Shirley Ximeno Chiaro Sandra , Amaral Leitão Alexandre , Diniz Renata
Published: November 2021

This chapter covers a brief review of the definition, structural characteristics and main applications of hydrotalcite, an interesting multifunctional material which finds applicability in different areas. Particularly, some catalytic reactions using hydrotalcite or mixed oxides derived from these materials are addressed (Ethanol Steam Reforming, Photochemical conversions, Hydrodesulfurization). The use of Raman Spectroscopy associated with other techniques, such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Extended X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure (EXAFS), Temperature Programmed Reduction of hydrogen (H2-TPR), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations, to characterize this type of material is addressed through examples described in the current literature. In this sense, multidisciplinary efforts must be made in order to increase the understanding of the properties of these materials and the catalytic behavior in the most varied reactions.