bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scanxiety and quality of life around follow-up imaging in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kamphuis Maarten J. , van der Kamp Laura T. , van Eijk Ruben P. A. , Rinkel Gabriel J. E. , Visser-Meily Johanna M. A. , van der Schaaf Irene C. , Vergouwen Mervyn D. I.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Patients with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) may experience scanxiety around follow-up imaging. We studied the prevalence and temporal pattern of scanxiety, and compared quality of life (QoL) outcomes in patients with and without scanxiety.

Methods

We performed a prospective cohort study in a tertiary referral center in the Netherlands between October 2021 and November 2022. We sent questionnaires to patients ≥ 18 years old undergoing UIA follow-up imaging 4 weeks before (T1), immediately after (T2), and 6 weeks after the scan (T3) to assess health-related QoL (HRQoL) and emotional functioning. At T3, we also assessed scanxiety with a purpose-designed questionnaire. We compared differences in QoL outcomes between respondents with and without scanxiety using mixed models.

Results

Of 158 eligible patients, 106 (67%) participated (mean age 61 years ± 11 [standard deviation], 84 women). Sixty of the 91 respondents (66%) who completed the purpose-designed questionnaire experienced scanxiety. Of the 49 respondents who experienced scanxiety after the scan, it resolved in 22 (45%) within a day after receiving the radiology report. HRQoL did not differ between respondents with or without scanxiety. Emotional functioning was worse for respondents with scanxiety (mean Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale sum score difference at T1, 3.6 [95% CI, 0.9–6.3]; T2, 4.1 [95% CI, 1.5–6.8]; and T3, 4.0 [95% CI, 1.5–6.5]).

Conclusions

Two-thirds of the respondents experienced scanxiety around follow-up imaging, which often resolved within a day after receiving results. Patients with scanxiety had similar HRQoL but worse emotional functioning compared to patients without scanxiety. The time between the scan and receiving the results should be minimized to decrease the duration of scanxiety.

Clinical relevance statement

We showed that scanxiety is common in UIA patients, and negatively associated with emotional functioning. Since scanxiety often disappears immediately after receiving the radiology report, it should be communicated to the patient as early as possible to alleviate patients’ distress.

Key Points

• Many patients with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm experience emotional distress around follow-up imaging, termed “scanxiety.”

• Patients with scanxiety had worse emotional functioning compared to patients without scanxiety.

• Scanxiety often resolved within a day after receiving the radiology report.
Structural attributes and macrofaunal assemblages associated with rose gorgonian gardens (Leptogorgia sp. nov.) in Central Chile: opening the door for conservation actions
Authors: Camps-Castellà Judith , Prado Patricia , Tena-Medialdea José , Brante Antonio , Hinojosa Iván A.
Published: February 2024

Gorgonians (like corals) are important habitat-forming organisms that support a diversity of macrofauna. This study explored structural attributes of gorgonian gardens formed by rose gorgonians (Leptogorgia sp. nov.) and associated macrofaunal assemblages in Caleta Pichicuy (Central Chile). Hierarchical sampling was conducted at 20 m depth (maximum colony abundances) in order to assess spatial variability in abundance and colony attributes at two spatial scales (among sites and rocky walls). The abundance and composition of the associated vagile and sessile macrofauna were also examined using univariant (Taxa richness and Shannon index (H’e)) and multivariant approaches and were compared with adjacent bare rocky habitats. Our results showed a high abundance of gorgonians (ca. 28.9–36.5 colonies m−2) compared to other gorgonian gardens in the world. For structural attributes, our results showed smaller colonies with thicker holdfasts in more exposed sites, suggesting the influence of hydrodynamic forces on the colony morphology. Taxa richness and H’e of vagile fauna showed threefold and twofold, respectively, higher values in gorgonian gardens compared to bare walls, but no differences were observed for sessile fauna. In addition, PCoA and PERMANOVA evidenced a distinctive assemblages’ composition between habitats for both vagile and sessile fauna. Correlation analyzes and dbRDA showed, however, little association between structural attributes and associated faunal assemblages (R2 = 0.06, and ca. 3–9.4% of the total variation explained, respectively). Our results constitute the first assessment of structural habitat complexity and accompanying fauna in these gorgonian gardens and establish the baseline for understanding possible future changes associated to human activities.
Dynamic changes in endoplasmic reticulum morphology and its contact with the plasma membrane in motor neurons in response to nerve injury
Authors: Elgendy Mahmoud , Tamada Hiromi , Taira Takaya , Iio Yuma , Kawamura Akinobu , Kunogi Ayusa , Mizutani Yuka , Kiyama Hiroshi
Published: February 2024

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) extends throughout a cell and plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Changes in ER shape could provide a clue to explore the mechanisms that underlie the fate determination of neurons after axon injury because the ER drastically changes its morphology under neuronal stress to maintain cellular homeostasis and recover from damage. Because of their tiny structures and richness in the soma, the detailed morphology of the ER and its dynamics have not been well analysed. In this study, the focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) analysis was performed to explore the ultra-structures of the ER in the somata of motor neuron with axon regenerative injury models. In normal motor neurons, ER in the somata is abundantly localised near the perinucleus and represents lamella-like structures. After injury, analysis of the ER volume and ER branching points indicated a collapse of the normal distribution and a transformation from lamella-like structures to mesh-like structures. Furthermore, accompanied by ER accumulation near the plasma membrane (PM), the contact between the ER and PM (ER-PM contacts) significantly increased after injury. The accumulation of extended-synaptotagmin 1 (E-Syt1), a tethering protein of the ER and PM that regulates Ca2+-dependent lipid transfer, was also identified by immunohistochemistry and quantitative Real-time PCR after injury. These morphological alterations of ER and the increase in ER-PM contacts may be crucial events that occur in motor neurons as a resilient response for the survival after axonal injury.
Comparative outcomes and prognostic indicators in adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis
Authors: Kwak JungHak , Bae Hye Lim , Jung Younghoon , Choi Jaebong , Hwang Hyeonuk , Kim Jung Hee , Kim Su-jin , Lee Kyu Eun
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The indications for adrenalectomy and feasibility of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis are controversial. This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes between open adrenalectomy (OA) and laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) and to evaluate the prognostic factors for oncological outcomes of adrenal metastasis.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of 141 consecutive patients who underwent adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis at Seoul National University Hospital from April 2005 to February 2021. Surgical and oncological outcomes were compared between OA and LA.

Results

OA was performed in 95 (67.4%) patients, and 46 (32.6%) patients underwent LA. Among the patients who underwent adrenalectomy without adjacent organ resection for adrenal tumors less than 8 cm, LA was associated with a shorter operation time (100.1 ± 48.8 vs. 158.6 ± 81.2, P = 0.001), less blood loss (94.8 ± 93.8 vs. 566.8 ± 1156.0, P = 0.034), and a shorter hospital stay (3.7 ± 1.3 vs. 6.9 ± 5.8, P = 0.003). For locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), on multivariate analysis, a positive pathological margin (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.777, P = 0.002), disease activity at the primary site (HR: 6.497, P = 0.005), other metastases (HR: 4.154, P = 0.015), and a relatively larger tumor size (HR: 1.198, P = 0.018) were significantly associated with poor LRRFS. Multivariate analysis indicated that metachronous metastasis (HR: 0.51, P = 0.032) was associated with a longer overall survival (OS), whereas a positive pathological margin (HR: 2.40, P = 0.017), metastases to other organs (HR: 2.08, P = 0.025), and a relatively larger tumor size (HR: 1.11, P = 0.046) were associated with a shorter OS.

Conclusions

LA is a feasible treatment option for adrenal metastasis in selected patients. The pathological margin, metastases to other organs, and tumor size should be considered in adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis.
A meta-analysis on the diagnostic utility of ultrasound in pediatric distal forearm fractures
Authors: Hassankhani Amir , Amoukhteh Melika , Jannatdoust Payam , Valizadeh Parya , Ghadimi Delaram J. , Vasavada Pauravi S. , Johnston Jennifer H. , Gholamrezanezhad Ali
Published: February 2024

Pediatric distal forearm fractures, comprising 30% of musculoskeletal injuries in children, are conventionally diagnosed using radiography. Ultrasound has emerged as a safer diagnostic tool, eliminating ionizing radiation, enabling bedside examinations with real-time imaging, and proving effective in non-hospital settings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound for detecting distal forearm fractures in the pediatric population. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted through a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases until October 1, 2023, following established guidelines. Eligible studies, reporting diagnostic accuracy measures of ultrasound in pediatric patients with distal forearm fractures, were included. Relevant data elements were extracted, and data analysis was performed. The analysis included 14 studies with 1377 patients, revealing pooled sensitivity and specificity of 94.5 (95% CI 92.7–95.9) and 93.5 (95% CI 89.6–96.0), respectively. Considering pre-test probabilities of 25%, 50%, and 75% for pediatric distal forearm fractures, positive post-test probabilities were 83%, 44%, and 98%, while negative post-test probabilities were 2%, 6%, and 15%, respectively. The bivariate model indicated significantly higher diagnostic accuracy in the subgroup with trained ultrasound performers vs. untrained performers (p = 0.03). Furthermore, diagnostic accuracy was significantly higher in the subgroup examining radius fractures vs. ulna fractures (p < 0.001), while no significant differences were observed between 4-view and 6-view ultrasound subgroups or between radiologist ultrasound interpreters and non-radiologist interpreters. This study highlighted ultrasound’s reliability in detecting pediatric distal forearm fractures, emphasizing the crucial role of expertise in precisely confirming fractures through ultrasound examinations.
Mechanism of miR-7 mediating TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB inflammatory pathway in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ren Jianfeng , Han Bing , Feng Ping , Shao Gang , Chang Yunli
Published: February 2024

This study is aimed at investigating the roles of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and microRNA-7 (miR-7) in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. We assessed TLR4 and miR-7 expression in CRC cells and tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between miR-7 and TLR4 was analyzed through dual luciferase reporter assays. MTT, wound healing, and cell invasion assays were conducted to examine the effects of TLR4 and miR-7 on CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Western blotting was used to explore the involvement of the TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway. miR-7 was underexpressed in CRC, while TLR4 levels were increased. miR-7 negatively regulated TLR4 expression and its knockdown enhanced CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. TLR4 knockdown had the opposite effects. The TRAF6/NF-κB pathway was linked to TLR4’s role in tumor progression. miR-7 might inhibit TRAF6/NF-κB target a signaling pathway of TLR4 and promote CRC occurrence. miR-7 may therefore be used as a sensitive biomarker in CRC patients.
Empirically Assessing the Effectiveness of the Pathways Programme: An Online Self-Help Intervention for Male Sexual Aggression at UK Universities
Authors: Hales Samuel T. , Rawers Caitlyn , Gannon Theresa A.
Published: February 2024

Though contemporary evidence suggests that upwards of one-in-nine UK male university students engage in sexually violent behaviors (Hales and Gannon in Sexual Abuse 34:744–770, 2022), few evidence-based primary prevention strategies have been developed to prevent their perpetration. To help contribute to this evidence gap, this study evaluated the short and longer-term effectiveness of a novel psychoeducation-based online self-help intervention for university male sexual aggression called The Pathways Programme. Designed around current empirical understanding of university-based sexual harm in the UK, the program contains six modules that correspond with known risk factors for perpetration. Data were collected as part of a randomized control trial from 254 self-identified heterosexual male students enrolled at a UK university who reported a proclivity towards sexual aggression. Results showed that participants who took part in the program displayed moderate reductions in their self-perceived likelihood of sexual aggression (our primary treatment target) across testing points, as well as reductions in their self-reported levels of hostility towards women, rape myth acceptance, and problematic sexual fantasies (our secondary treatment targets). Control participants also displayed reductions in some domains over time, albeit to a lesser degree. Additional analyses probed the factors associated with participant drop-out, clinical and reliable change, and user feedback. Overall, our study provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of The Pathways Programme at reducing UK university males’ risk of sexual aggression; however, we caution readers that more robust evaluation is necessary to support intervention rollout. We discuss our findings alongside the limitations of our study and provide suggestions for future research.
Unveiling competence in the classroom: A multidimensional assessment of computer science teachers’ self-efficacy in coding education
Authors: Sat Mustafa , Kadirhan Zafer
Published: February 2024

The significance of teachers’ self-efficacy in coding education within K-12 settings has grown substantially. However, the literature lacks subject-specific measurement tools tailored to assess teachers’ self-efficacy in coding instruction. This study adopted a mixed methods approach to develop a reliable and valid instrument for measuring computer science (CS) teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching coding. The scale development involved a rigorous process encompassing item generation, expert validation, and pilot testing. Importantly, this process unfolded in seven steps with two distinct phases, and each phase involved independent sample groups. Subsequently, a comprehensive survey was administered to two samples of CS teachers (n = 318, n = 295) to assess the scale’s psychometric properties. The results revealed robust internal consistency and construct validity of the 20-item Coding Teaching Self-Efficacy Scale (CTSES) with four intercorrelated dimensions: student motivation, subject knowledge, classroom management, and material development. Furthermore, additional analyses revealed the significant impact of teaching experience and self-reported coding knowledge level on teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching coding. The implications of this study hold significance for both practitioners and researchers to understand teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching coding and to explore its relation to teacher training, curriculum development, and the broader advancement of coding education within school settings.
In vivo assessment of the ocular biomechanical properties in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Valsecchi Nicola , Roda Matilde , Febbraro Simone , Trolli Eleonora , Palandri Giorgio , Giannini Giulia , Milletti David , Schiavi Costantino , Fontana Luigi
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is associated with an increased prevalence of open-angle glaucoma, attributed to variations of the pressure gradient between intraocular and intracranial compartments at the level of the lamina cribrosa (LC). As ocular biomechanics influence the behavior of the LC, and a lower corneal hysteresis (CH) has been associated to a higher risk of glaucomatous optic nerve damage, in this study we compared ocular biomechanics of iNPH patients with healthy subjects.

Methods

 Twenty-four eyes of 24 non-shunted iNPH patients were prospectively recruited. Ocular biomechanical properties were investigated using the ocular response analyzer (Reichert Instruments) for the calculation of the CH, corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg), and corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc). Results were compared with those of 25 eyes of 25 healthy subjects.

Results

 In iNPH eyes, the median CH value and interquartile range (IQR) were 9.7 mmHg (7.8–10) and 10.6 mmHg (9.3–11.3) in healthy controls (p = 0.015). No significant differences were found in IOPcc [18.1 mmHg (14.72–19.92) vs. 16.4 mmHg (13.05–19.6)], IOPg [15.4 mmHg (12.82–19.7) vs. 15.3 mmHg (12.55–17.35)], and CRF [9.65 mmHg (8.07–11.65) vs. 10.3 mmHg (9.3–11.5)] between iNPH patients and controls.

Conclusions

 In iNPH patients, the CH was significantly lower compared to healthy subjects. This result suggests that ocular biomechanical properties may potentially contribute to the risk of development of glaucomatous optic nerve damage in iNPH patients.
The effects of self-video feedback on the eyedrop instillation techniques of glaucoma patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Tae-Eun , Cho Youngri , Yoo Hyo Hyun
Published: February 2024

Background

To evaluate the effectiveness of instillation technique education using self-video feedback in glaucoma patients.

Methods

Sixty-two patients who self-instilled glaucoma eyedrops were randomly assigned to the self-video feedback and control groups according to the block randomization. Each group of the patient was asked to instill eyedrops, and videos were recorded. For the control group, only an educational video was provided. In the self-video feedback group, the patients provided educational video and feedback using a recorded video of their own instillation. After 1 month of education, the patient's instillation techniques were video-recorded again. We divided the steps of instilling eyedrops into ten steps and evaluated whether each step was properly performed using the recorded images from each patient. The main outcome was the proportion of patients who properly instilled their eyedrops in each step.

Results

Before education, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who were properly instilled between the two groups. In the group that received video feedback, the proportion of patients who instilled the eyedrops correctly after education in some items was significantly higher than that of the control group, and in particular, the educational effect of 'avoids touching dropper to eyelid or eyelash' was superior.

Conclusions

In patients with glaucoma, education on the method of instillation was effective in improving the techniques of instillation. In the items that required accurate actions, the video feedback that allowed the patient to observe themselves had a better improvement effect compared to the traditional education method.

Trial registration number

KCT0008090 (09/01/2023, retrospectively registered).
Applications of two kinds of Kudryashov methods for time fractional (2 + 1) dimensional Chaffee–Infante equation and its stability analysis
Authors: Tetik Duygu , Akbulut Arzu , Çelik Nisa
Published: February 2024

In this study, the beta time fractional (2 + 1) dimensional Chaffee–Infante equation used to describe the behavior of gas diffusion in a homogeneous medium is discussed. Generalized Kudryashov and modified Kudryashov procedures were used to discovered solitons of the equation. These methods can be easily applied and offer different solutions checked to other methods in the literature. At the same time, these two methods use symbolic calculations to better understand various nonlinear wave models and offer a powerful and effective mathematical approach. The solutions created in this article are different from those in the literature and will guide those working in the field of physics and engineering to better understand this model. Figures of the results were made values different from each other. The stability of the equations in applications has been demonstrated by testing the stability feature on some solutions obtained using the features of the Hamilton system. This work demonstrates the power and effectiveness of the methods discussed in applying many different forms of fractional-order nonlinear equations. The results obtained in this paper are original to our research and have the potential to be helpful in the fields of mathematical engineering and physics.
Similarities and Differences Between Study Addiction and Study Engagement and Work Addiction and Work Engagement: A Network Analysis
Authors: Bereznowski Piotr , Konarski Roman , Pallesen Ståle , Atroszko Paweł A.
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between symptoms of study addiction and their relationships with dimensions of study engagement. We used two samples in which study addiction was measured with the Bergen Study Addiction Scale and study engagement was measured with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students. The samples comprised Norwegian (n = 1107) and Polish (n = 776) students. The networks featured three clusters of nodes (two clusters of the study addiction symptoms and one cluster of the study engagement dimensions). Study addiction clusters were connected with study engagement cluster through positive edges between absorption and study addiction symptoms, negative edges which vigor shared with conflict and problems, and negative edge between dedication and mood modification. Among the symptoms of study addiction, problems, conflict, and withdrawal were the most central and salience, tolerance, and mood modification were the least central. Moreover, conflict was the most predictable and relapse was the least predictable symptom of study addiction. The results from the present study are similar to those of previous studies on work addiction and support the notion that study addiction may be a precursor to work addiction. Although based on cross-sectional data, the nuanced differences between work addiction and study addiction networks are discussed as they lay a foundation for further investigation of the potential differences in transition mechanisms from healthy engagement to compulsive behavior.
Structured request form in musculoskeletal radiology examinations (CONCERTO): results of an expert Delphi consensus—structured radiology request form for correct classification of patients to undergo radiological examinations of the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), the Italian Society of Rheumatology (SIR) and the Italian Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology (SIOT)
Authors: Salaffi Fausto , Mazzei Maria Antonietta , Aliprandi Alberto , Martino Fabio , Moretti Biagio , Silvestri Enzo , Di Meglio Nunzia , Bagnacci Giulio , Di Carlo Marco , Sinigaglia Luigi , Gerli Roberto , Tranquilli Leali Paolo , Faletti Carlo , Giovagnoni Andrea
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To describe a Delphi consensus for the realization of a structured radiology request form for patients undergoing musculoskeletal imaging.

Methods

A steering committee (four radiologists, a rheumatologist and an orthopedic surgeon) proposed a form to an expert panel (30 members, ten radiologists, ten rheumatologists and ten orthopedic surgeons). Through an online survey, the panelists voted on their level of agreement with the statements of the form using a 10-point Likert scale (1: no agreement; 10: total agreement) in a three-round process. A combination of two distinct criteria, a mean agreement level ≥ 8 and a percentage of at least 75% of responses with a value ≥ 8, was deemed as acceptable.

Results

The form achieved high median ratings in all the assessed key features. During the first round, all items met the threshold to be advanced as unmodified in the next round. Additional proposed items were considered and introduced in the next round (six items in Section 1, five items in Section 2, ten items in Section 3, 11 items in Section 4, six items in Section 5, eight items in Section 6, ten items in Section 7 and eight items in Section 8). Of these items, in round 3, only six reached the threshold to be integrated into the final form.

Conclusions

Implementation of a structured radiology request form can improve appropriateness and collaboration between clinicians and radiologists in musculoskeletal imaging.
Infinite-dimensional Gaussian change of variables’ formula
Authors: Asci Claudio
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we study the Banach space $$\ell _{\infty }$$

ℓ
∞

of the bounded real sequences, and a measure $$N(a,\Gamma )$$

N
(
a
,
Γ
)

over $$\left( \textbf{R}^{\infty },\mathcal {B}^{\infty }\right) $$

R
∞

,

B

∞

analogous to the finite-dimensional Gaussian law. The main result of our paper is a change of variables’ formula for the integration, with respect to $$N(a,\Gamma )$$

N
(
a
,
Γ
)

, of the measurable real functions on $$\left( E_{\infty },\mathcal {B}^{\infty }\left( E_{\infty }\right) \right) $$

E
∞

,

B

∞

E
∞

, where $$E_{\infty }$$

E
∞

is the separable Banach space of the convergent real sequences. This change of variables is given by some $$\left( m,\sigma \right) $$

m
,
σ

functions, defined over a subset of $$E_{\infty }$$

E
∞

, with values on $$E_{\infty }$$

E
∞

, with properties that generalize the analogous ones of the finite-dimensional diffeomorphisms.
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis Secondary to Streptococcus Constellatus Pharynges
Authors: Jaramillo-Ángel Natalia , Saro-Buendía Miguel , Carreres Polo Joan , Mellidez Acosta Raul , Alamar Velázquez Agustín , Carceller Miguel Armengot
Published: February 2024

Streptococcus constellatus pharyngis is a gram-positive commensal bacterium commonly found in the oropharynx, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. It might be an aggressive opportunistic pathogen causing invasive pyogenic infections in sterile areas, mostly as peritonsillar and orofacial abscesses. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl, who presented multiple head and neck abscesses and bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis secondary to Streptococcus constellatus pharyngis. Cavernous sinus thrombosis, consequent to this microorganism, has not been reported to date in the literature. Due to the invasive features of this pathogen, a long-term antibiotherapy (up to 9 months) is required. Additionally, a surgical drainage is indicated in case of head and neck, or brain abscesses, larger than 20 or 25 mm respectively. Anticoagulation should be considered in case of venous thrombosis. The interest of this case is not only based on the rarity and severity of the disease, but also on the success of medical and surgical therapy (including long- term antibiotics, anticoagulation and two surgical procedures). This experience may serve as a guide to treat future cases.
Top IHC/ISH Hacks for and Molecular Surrogates of Poorly Differentiated Sinonasal Small Round Cell Tumors
Authors: Bell Diana
Published: February 2024

Background

Poorly differentiated sinonasal small round cell tumors (SRCTs) are rare and heterogeneous, posing challenges in diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

Recent advances in molecular findings and diagnostic refinement have promoted better understanding and management of these tumors.

Results

The newly defined and emerging sinonasal entities demonstrate diverse morphologies, specific genomic signatures, and clinical behavior from conventional counterparts. In this review of SRCTs, emphasis is placed on the diagnostic approach with the employment of a pertinent panel of immunohistochemistry studies and/or molecular tests, fine-tuned to the latest WHO 5 classification of sinonasal/paranasal tumors and personalized treatment.

Conclusion

Specifically, this review focuses on tumors with epithelial and neuroectodermal derivation.
Exotic species in the Erbario Estense: new plants from the world to sixteenth-century Italy
Authors: Vicentini Chiara Beatrice , Buldrini Fabrizio , Romagnoli Carlo , Bosi Giovanna
Published: February 2024

Renaissance herbaria may provide precious information on exotic plants known or even introduced in Italy during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries AD. In the Erbario Estense, preserved in the Archivio di Stato di Modena (northern Italy), there are 14 species considered as allochthonous neophytes or not present in the Italian flora. First, we accurately verified the taxa identification; then, we searched for the same species in the other coeval Italian Renaissance herbaria and collected the information present in the written sources of the second half of the 1500s (concerning, above all, the use of these species as medicinal plants); finally, we paid attention to their current uses in ethnobotanical tradition and their market value. For 12 taxa, we could confirm the former identification; whereas for 2, we came to a different conclusion; the comparison with other Renaissance herbaria, particularly Aldrovandi’s, greatly helped this evaluation process. The species treated here are not placed according to a precise order nor do they have particular medicinal values in common: probably, the specimens were simply added to the existing nucleus, as the species were known or were proven to be rather useful. We shall be able to gain further knowledge when it shall be possible to study all the remaining species. In any case, the Erbario Estense is an important testimony for sixteenth-century botany, that contains some of the most ancient specimens of exotic species that are of common use in large parts of the world today.

Graphical abstract
Advances in the study of autophagy in breast cancer
Authors: Yu Tang , Rui Liu , Jiumei Zhao , Ziwei Li , Ying Hu
Published: February 2024

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor among women, with a high incidence and mortality rate all year round, which seriously affects women's health. Autophagy, a well-conserved cellular process inherent in eukaryotic organisms, plays a pivotal role in degrading damaged proteins and organelles, recycling their breakdown products to aid cells in navigating stress and gradually restoring homeostatic equilibrium. Recent studies have unveiled the intricate connection between autophagy and breast cancer. Autophagy is a double-edged sword in breast cancer, demonstrating a dual role: restraining its onset and progression on one hand, while promoting its metastasis and advancement on the other. It is also because of this interrelationship between the two that regulation of autophagy in the treatment of breast cancer is now an important strategy in clinical treatment. In this article, we systematically survey the recent research findings, elucidating the multifaceted role of autophagy in breast cancer and its underlying mechanisms, with the aim of contributing new references to the clinical management of breast cancer.
Gerechtigkeit in der Dienstplanung: die Auswirkung auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit in der Pflege und die Sicht der Planungsverantwortlichen
Authors: Hofer Corinne , Schmid Elvira , Renggli Fabienne J. , Golz Christoph
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund

Die Dienstplanung in der Pflege muss für eine höhere Arbeitszufriedenheit und eine längere Berufsverweildauer optimiert werden. Pflegende wünschen sich dabei mehr Gerechtigkeit. Aus der Perspektive der Planungsverantwortlichen stellt dieser Anspruch eine Herausforderung dar.

Ziele

Die Studie soll den Zusammenhang zwischen der subjektiv wahrgenommenen Gerechtigkeit der Dienstplanung unter Berücksichtigung soziodemografischer Merkmale und der Arbeitszufriedenheit untersuchen. Zudem soll der Umgang mit Gerechtigkeit aus Sicht der Planungsverantwortlichen beschrieben werden.

Methode

Im Rahmen eines parallelen Mixed-Methods-Designs wurden semistrukturierte Leitfadeninterviews mit Planungsverantwortlichen sowie eine Online-Befragung bei Planungsverantwortlichen und Pflegenden durchgeführt. Die Datenintegration erfolgte in der Synthese mittels Metainferenzen.

Ergebnisse

In die Analyse wurden 10 qualitative Einzelinterviews und 256 Fragebogen eingeschlossen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Dienstplanung in Bezug auf die Gerechtigkeit aufgrund der subjektiven Wahrnehmung herausfordernd ist. Weiter wird ersichtlich, dass die subjektiv wahrgenommene Gerechtigkeit einen signifikanten Zusammenhang mit der Arbeitszufriedenheit der Pflegenden und Planungsverantwortlichen aufweist (β = 13,7 95 %-KI [11,6, 15,8]).

Schlussfolgerung

Trotz der Bemühungen der Planungsverantwortlichen um eine ausgleichende Gerechtigkeit ist die Dienstplanung durch Subjektivität geprägt. Es werden optimierte, objektive Ansätze benötigt, um das Gerechtigkeitserleben und die Arbeitszufriedenheit zu verbessern.
Knowledge and management of traumatic dental injuries among schoolteachers in Hungary: a cross-sectional study with educational intervention
Authors: Fittler M. , Fittler A. , Dergez T. , Radácsi A. , Katona K. , Sándor B. , Szántó I.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of Hungarian schoolteachers in the management of dental trauma injuries (TDI) of children between the ages of 3 and 18 and to illustrate a brief educational intervention on TDI management.

Methods

A 15-item questionnaire on dental injuries was distributed in our observational cross-sectional study to 2720 Hungarian educational institutions to explore and evaluate teachers’ knowledge in January 2019. Two years later, targeted information material was made accessible regarding TDI management. In the second post-intervention phase of the study, educator knowledge was re-evaluated using the same questionnaire. Statistical analysis (Mann–Whitney and Chi-square tests) was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28.

Results

A total of 1426 answers were collected in the initial survey. Although more than half (51.9%) of the respondents previously witnessed TDIs, 86.5% still did not perceive themselves as adequately informed regarding TDI management. Most teachers submitted appropriate responses to the indicator questions relating to the urgency of referral to dental professionals (71.8%), immediate contact with parents (79.0%) or dentists (13.0%), and the solution for avulsed teeth (81.3%). However, only every second (56.2%) educator responded correctly regarding the proper cleaning method. Following accessibility to our educational material, 622 respondents completed the post-intervention questionnaire in the second phase of the study. The percentage of appropriate responses to the five indicator questions significantly increased by 5–20.6%.

Conclusion

Teachers’ knowledge of TDI was inadequate yet can improve with online education. Efforts among dental professionals, the media, and targeted interventions will ensure adequate knowledge while also improving children’s dental health.
HNF1A gene mutations and premature ovarian failure (POF): evidence from a clinical paradigm combining MODY 3 and POF
Authors: Xekouki P. , Konstantinidou A. , Tatsi C. , Sertedaki A. , Settas N. , Loutradis D. , Chrousos G. P. , Kanaka-Gantenbein C. , Dacou-Voutetakis C. , Voutetakis A.
Published: February 2024

Premature ovarian failure (POF) defines the occurrence of ovarian failure prior to the age of 40. It occurs in one out of 100 women but is very rare before age 20 (1:10,000). Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), caused by mutations in the HNF1A gene, is also a rare disorder; all types of MODY account for 1–2% of adult diabetic cases. These two rare nosologic entities coexisted in an adolescent girl evaluated for delayed puberty. Although this combination could represent a chance association, an interrelation might exist. We examined HNF1A expression in human fetal and adult ovaries by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal HNF1A antibody. HNF1A protein was expressed in both the fetal and adult human ovaries. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that HNF1A participates in ovarian organogenesis and/or function and that mutations in the HNF1A gene might represent another molecular defect causing POF, possibly in combination with other genetic factors. The study underlines the importance of rare clinical paradigms in leading the way to elucidation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of rare diseases.
Anti-vaccine rabbit hole leads to political representation: the case of Twitter in Japan
Authors: Toriumi Fujio , Sakaki Takeshi , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Yoshida Mitsuo
Published: February 2024

Anti-vaccine attitudes pose a threat to public health by impeding the development of herd immunity. However, the proliferation and politicization of anti-vaccine discourse, exacerbated by the pandemic and the rise of social media, have not been fully elucidated. This study, using Japanese Twitter data, revealed that (a) anti-vaxxers are characterized by high political interest, (b) persistent anti-vaxxers were more ideologically left-leaning and had stronger ties to existing political parties, and (c) pandemic-induced new anti-vaxxers displayed low political engagement but a greater affinity for conspiracy theories, spirituality, naturalism, and alternative health practices, which served as gateways to anti-vaccination views. Furthermore, those who turned anti-vaccine after the pandemic also exhibited an increased tendency to follow the newly emerged anti-vaccine party, potentially contributing to their political representation at the national level. These analyses show that the anti-vaccine discourse has expanded and reached a politically representative scale, strengthening its discursive network with conspiracy theories, spirituality, naturalism, and alternative health practices.
The Finkelstein–Schoenfeld Test: A Note on Some Overlooked Issues Concerning Power
Authors: Tang Rong , Chen Wei-Chen , Li Heng , Lu Nelson , Zhao Yu
Published: February 2024

In this note, we express our viewpoint regarding power considerations, via simulation studies, in clinical study design using hierarchical composite endpoint and Finkelstein–Schoenfeld test.
Between hope and despair: experiences of precariousness and precarity in the lived experiences of recent diabetic amputees in primary care
Authors: Chew Evelyn A. L. , Lee Mary C. L. , Bartlam Bernadette , Goh Ling Jia , Dong Lijuan , Zhu Xiaoli
Published: February 2024

Precariousness dominates the lives of patients with recent diabetic lower extremity amputations. Wound healing is not guaranteed, post-amputation mortality is high and personal and social identities are destabilised. This study explores the experiences of nine post-amputation diabetic patients in the context of Singapore’s primary health and social care and diversified cultural setting. The loss of physical integrity leads to the self being rendered precarious in multiple ways: emotional-existential precariousness results from uncertainty about survival; agentic precariousness, from restrictions to the individual’s autonomy; the social self is rendered precarious as social relations and identities are changed; and financial precarity, which arises from job insecurity and treatment cost. Patients act to overcome precariousness and regain agency in various ways. Supporting patients’ agency should be integral to all healthcare interventions, at whatever stage of the patient’s journey, and needs to take into account cultural roles and values.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 with three synchronous tumors
Authors: Kakkat Shanavas , Zacharia George Sarin , Ravindran Rohit , Poovan Chothisha , Jacob Anu
Published: February 2024

Neurofibromatosis type 1, resulting from dominantly inherited mutations affecting neurofibromin, is among the most common human genetic syndromes associated with many neurocutaneous manifestations. Neoplasms, neurogenic and non-neurogenic, are frequent, as are the gastrointestinal manifestations. Gastrointestinal tumors and vasculopathy are well-reported in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1. A combination of somatostatioma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor is considered pathognomonic. We here report a case of neurofibromatosis type 1 with a triad of distinct neoplasms: gastrointestinal stromal tumor, neuroendoscrine tumor, and intra-ampullary papillary-tubular neoplasm. The trilogy of these neoplasms is unique and, to our knowledge, has never been reported in the literature. The report also emphasizes the role of advanced immunochemical staining in day-to-day practice, which has improved diagnostic accuracy and yield.
The Precautionary Approach Design Pattern
Authors: Pöysti Tuomas
Published: February 2024

The precautionary approach is a way to manage problems related to the uncertainty of scientific knowledge regarding potential serious harms and to enable decision-making under uncertainty with due diligence. I have developed a model of the essential structural elements of the application of the precautionary approach, particularly the precautionary principle in EU law, as a legal design pattern—a formalized presentation of the core generic features and processes of how the law successfully addresses recurring problems. The precautionary approach appears as a decision tree with weighting and balancing. It serves as an intervening rule to resolve inter-system conflicts between different action systems such as the economy, civil society, and ecological systems. It is related to other design patterns like the proportionality test, risk and impact assessment, and judicial review. Presenting the application of the precautionary approach as a legal design pattern facilitates interdisciplinary communication regarding the essential features of legally required problem-solving. Such a presentation enhances the problem-solving capacity of the application of the law beyond the legal domain, for instance, in improving digitalization efforts and enabling the integration of anticipatory quality controls of justice, legality and good governance into decision-making processes.
Abstract Objects
Authors: Liggins David
Published: February 2024

Philosophers often debate the existence of such things as numbers and propositions, and say that if these objects exist, they are abstract. But what does it mean to call something 'abstract'? And do we have good reason to believe in the existence of abstract objects? This Element addresses those questions, putting newcomers to these debates in a position to understand what they concern and what are the most influential considerations at work in this area of metaphysics. It also provides advice on which lines of discussion promise to be the most fruitful.
A Collections-Based View of the Future of Archaeology
Authors: Domeischel Jenna , Childs S. Terry
Published: February 2024

This theme issue has two primary goals: to illuminate the underdeveloped or faltering areas of the discipline as they relate to archaeological collections and to offer tangible paths forward to address the systemic problems identified as they impact the future of archaeology. Present-day archaeology is complicated due to its many sectors of practice: academia/faculty; cultural resource management; federal, state, and local government; tribal governments and communities; descendant communities; students; the general public; and different types of archaeological repositories. Given this complexity, it can be difficult to identify the expectations (and realities) of each sector, which, if better understood, would help illuminate the nuances of preservation, accountability, discoverability, and use of archaeological collections across the discipline. Without a solid understanding of these nuances, efforts to advance the discipline are undermined. This introduction provides an overview of the articles that address emerging and urgent issues and offer viable steps forward. These challenges include the interrelationships between ethics, collaboration, and training; the preservation and management of digital records and data; collections discovery and reuse; collections-based research; training in material culture; making collections knowable to constituencies outside archaeology; preparing for repatriation from a management perspective; and the intricacies of the archaeological digital data system.
Into the ether or the state? Legibility theory and the cryptocurrency markets
Authors: Kellerman Miles , Seddon Jack
Published: February 2024

There is substantial cross-national variation in the level of regulatory clarity surrounding cryptocurrencies. What explains these differences? And, more broadly, what drives the divergent historical development of market regulation in different jurisdictions? To answer these questions, we present a new conceptual framework centered on the concept of market legibility. This term, inspired by the sociological literature, refers to the extent to which markets are made legible to the state through standardization. We contend that state supply of, and market demand for, legibility drives the primary political-economic dynamics of market regulation. Specifically, these factors combine to produce ideal type states of legibility that correspond to both distinct stages of market development and the relative level of regulatory clarity in any one jurisdiction. This framework is utilized to conduct a comparative historical analysis of cryptocurrency regulation in the EU, US, UK, and Japan. By performing these tasks, this article corrects the common assumption that states are constantly striving to impose their authority on unwilling markets. It demonstrates instead that state and private actor preferences to make markets legible vary, conditioning, in turn, the political economy of regulatory governance.
An assessment of the legal and regulatory framework supporting the implementation of the National Integrated Identity Management System (NIIMS) in Kenya
Authors: Kabata Victor
Published: February 2024

This study sought to establish the elements that constitute comprehensive legal and regulatory landscape for successful digital identity system establishment and implementation. Subsequently, the study sought to assess whether these elements were present in the establishment and implementation of the National Integrated Identity Management System (NIIMS) in Kenya. The study adopted a qualitative approach, data was obtained firstly, through literature review that provided background information to the study. Secondly, semi structured interviews were undertaken on purposively selected key informants. The study established that the elements that constitute a robust legal and regulatory framework for digital identity (ID) establishment and implementation include presence of a constitutional provision on the right to privacy; existence of a digital ID law governing the establishment of the system; amendment of laws relating to the registration of persons; existence of a data protection law; existence of an overarching law governing the digital economy among others. Largely, most of these elements were present in Kenya. However, the legislative approach adopted in crafting digital ID law in Kenya was wanting. This has undermined effective implementation of the NIIM system by among other things eroding public confidence in the system. The study concluded that effective operation of the system hinged on the existence of a robust and comprehensive legal and regulatory framework that will engender users’ trust in the system. In this regard, the study recommended review of the existing legal framework to ensure that it underpins both the foundational and functional aspects of the NIIM system.