bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Staged Glory: The Impact of Fascism on ‘Cooperative’ Nationalist Circles in Late Colonial Indonesia, 1935–1942
Authors: Lengkeek Yannick
Published: May 2018

This article examines the circulation and articulation of fascist ideas and practices among the so-called cooperating nationalist party Partai Indonesia Raya (Parindra) and its youth wing Surya Wirawan in late colonial Indonesia. After the radical nationalist parties demanding Indonesian independence had been crushed by the Dutch colonial government in 1934, only parties refraining from making such radical demands could operate in public. Since their frustratingly weak bargaining position in the political arena was hard to conceal, leading Parindra politicians such as Soetomo (1888–1938) evoked powerful images of a ‘glorious Indonesia’ (Indonesia Moelia) to keep the nationalist project alive. The ideas of Soetomo, who was an expressed admirer of Mussolini, Hitler, and Japanese imperialism, had a considerable impact on Parindra’s political course. Others, such as the journalist Soedarjo Tjokrosisworo were particularly vocal about their fascist sympathies. Tjokrosisworo played an influential role in modelling the ‘scout group’ on the example of fascist fighting squads and other paramilitary units. The article argues that Parindra’s philofascist demeanor was an integral part of a strategy to achieve an aura of power. However, the party’s dynamism and glory was just ‘staged’ to compensate for Parindra’s lacking scope of political action. Generally, the party’s incorporation of fascist elements raises important questions about the relationship between anticolonial nationalism and fascism since the latter entered Indonesia during a time when the nationalist project was still very much in the making.
From the Persuasion of Theory to the Certainty of Law
Authors: Al-Sharieh Saleh , Bonnici Jeanne Mifsud
Published: May 2018

This paper analyses the legal bases of community policing under European Union (EU) law and the national laws of England, France, Germany, Italy, Romania and Portugal. Community policing arguably helps the police achieve efficient policing while respecting the requirements of the rule of law, a founding value of the EU, and can be a form of co-operation between the EU Member States under the EU legal framework for crime prevention. Moreover, the law in the selected jurisdictions supports four elements of the community policing model: (1) the public-police partnership in establishing policing strategies and priorities; (2) the public-police partnership for crime prevention and detection; (3) proactive and preventive policing; and (4) the police as providers of high quality services tailored to improve people’s quality of life. These elements are interrelated and interdependent: their holistic legal articulation is necessary for their effective existence.
The Cumacea of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, with the description of four new species and one genus
Authors: MÜHLENHARDT-SIEGEL UTE
Published: May 2018

Cumacea from benthos samples of the RV Meteor cruise 5/2 (1987) are investigated. Six species were identified. Descriptions of a new genus and species Paravaunthompsonia meteorae and three new species Pseudosympodomma adensis, Cyclaspis carinobacata (Bodotriidae) and Procampylaspis hildegardae (Nannastacidae) are given.
Revision of genus Stilbotes Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) with description of a new species
Authors: ROCA-CUSACHS MARCOS , KIM JUNGGON , LEE HODAN , LEE GWAN-SEOK , JUNG SUNGHOON
Published: May 2018

The Asopinae genus Stilbotes Stål, 1871 from Philippines is reviewed taxonomically. A new species Stilbotes goulae sp. nov. is described based on female specimens. Stilbotes semperi Stål 1871 is redescribed in detail. A diagnosis, key and distributional records for the genus and the species are also provided.
Taxonomic status of Harlan’s Hawk Buteo jamaicensis harlani (Aves: Accipitriformes)
Authors: CLARK WILLIAM S.
Published: May 2018

Since its description in 1830 by Audubon, Harlan’s Hawk (taxon harlani) has been considered both as a species (Buteo harlani) (1830–1891 and 1944–1972) and as a subspecies of Red-tailed Hawk (B. jamaicensis harlani) (1891–1944 and 1973 to present). Both decisions making it a subspecies lacked sufficient taxonomic justification, whereas the 1944 decision to consider it a species was supported by convincing arguments. I conducted field and museum work over many years to better understand the morphology and taxonomic status of harlani and how this taxon differs from other taxa currently included in B. jamaicensis. Some hybridization between these taxa has been reported, as has been between many other species of Buteo. The taxon harlani is distinguished from all subspecies of B. jamaicensis in plumage, including the extent of feathering on the tarsus. The species occupies a breeding range parapatric, but with some overlap, to that of B. jamaicensis but occasionally breeds within a large area of the range of the latter in western Canada. It should be considered a full species based on lack of justification for considering it a subspecies, and the many differences between it and B. jamaicensis, which are greater than differences between any two subspecies of diurnal raptor.
The Belisana spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan, China
Authors: YAO ZHIYUAN , ZHU KELI , DU ZHIHENG , LI SHUQIANG
Published: May 2018

Five new species of the spider genus Belisana Thorell, 1898 are described based on material collected in the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (Yunnan, China). They are: B. dian Yao & Li sp. nov. (male), B. gupian Yao & Li sp. nov. (male, female), B. chenjini Yao & Li sp. nov. (male, female), B. xtbg Yao & Li sp. nov. (male, female), and B. yangxiaodongi Yao & Li sp. nov. (male, female). B. schwendingeri Huber, 2005 and B. zhengi Yao, Pham & Li, 2015 are reported from China for the first time. All material studied is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China.
New data on the clearwing moth fauna of the Altai Mountains, Russia, with the description of two new species (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)
Authors: GORBUNOV OLEG G.
Published: May 2018

The clearwing moth fauna of the Altai Mountains, Russia is reviewed. Two new species Synanthedon altaica sp. nov. and Bembecia aktashica sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Synanthedon polaris (Staudinger, 1877) is recorded as new for the region. New information on the bionomics and distribution of Dipchasphecia altaica O. Gorbunov, 1991 is provided.
The lingering effects of work context: Ambient work-unit characteristics and the impact of retirement on alcohol consumption
Authors: Nahum-Shani Inbal , Bamberger Peter
Published: May 2018

Although it is well established that workplace demands and culture can affect employee well-being, to what degree might these same factors have lingering implications on individual well-being after employees retire? To begin to answer this question, in this article we propose and test a model explaining how retiree alcohol consumption may depend on pre-retirement contextual conditions. Specifically, we propose and test a moderated-mediation model in which two ambient work-unit characteristics – work-unit stress climate and work-unit drinking norms – moderate the indirect effects of retirement, via distress, on modal alcohol consumption (i.e. the typical quantity and frequency of alcohol consumed). Using a prospective study design and a multi-level, zero-inflated negative binomial model for predicting modal alcohol consumption, our findings lend partial support for the proposed model. We found retirement (vs continued employment) to be associated with a heightened probability of being an abstainer after retirement eligibility (i.e. at Time 2), regardless of the hypothesized unit-level moderators. Still, retirement had mixed effects on the level of modal consumption among those not abstaining at Time 2, with these effects being partially mediated by distress and contingent upon unit-level stress climate and unit-level drinking norms.
Investigating status hierarchies with media analysis: Muslims, Jews, and Catholics in The New York Times and The Guardian headlines, 1985–2014
Authors: Bleich Erik , Nisar Hasher , Vazquez Cara
Published: May 2018

Media analyses can help expand our understanding of how hierarchies are expressed and of how they evolve across time and place. In this article, we compare coverage of Muslims, Jews, and Catholics in The New York Times and The Guardian headlines over a 30-year time period. In aggregate, our data show that media portrayals of groups are relatively stable over the span of decades rather than highly sensitive to the impact of events at any given point in time. In keeping with the findings of surveys, Muslims are generally associated with more negativity than Catholics or Jews. At the same time, our data also reveal information that nuances what traditional surveys have shown. For example, Jews are portrayed consistently more positively than Catholics in our analysis; in addition, while headlines about Catholics are more positive than those about Muslims in The New York Times, the tone of headlines about the two groups is indistinguishable in The Guardian. The methods and the findings introduced here contribute to the research agenda of scholars concerned with identifying, tracking, and understanding status hierarchies.
Prevalence and correlates of major depression in Granada, Spain: Results from the GranadΣp study
Authors: Porras-Segovia Alejandro , Valmisa Eulalio , Gutiérrez Blanca , Ruiz Isabel , Rodríguez-Barranco Miguel , Cervilla Jorge
Published: May 2018

Background:

Major depression is one of the world’s leading causes of disability. Up-to-date information about the epidemiology of this disorder is key to health care planning.

Aim:

The aim of our study is to report prevalence and correlates of current major depressive disorder (MDD) in the province of Granada, Southern Spain.

Methods:

The GranadΣp is a cross-sectional study based on a community-dwelling adult population living in the province of Granada, Southern Spain. Community-dwelling adults aged 18–80 years ( n = 810) were interviewed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A variety of exposure assessments were also undertaken.

Results:

Point (2 weeks) prevalence of MDD in the Granada population was 5.6%. Positive family history of mental illness, high degree of neuroticism, high number of life threatening events (LTE), poor physical health status, cognitive impairment and cannabis use were independently associated with MDD in the multivariate regression model. Being female was also associated with MDD, but the significance disappeared after adjusting for neuroticism and physical health.

Conclusion:

Prevalence of MDD in the Granada population is higher than expected. The effects of the financial crisis could be partially accountable for this excess in prevalence. Six variables were found to be independently associated with MDD. Association between female sex and depression may be partially explained by the confounding effect of neuroticism.
Factors Associated with North Korean Refugees’ Intention to Resettle Permanently in South Korea
Authors: Kim Hee Jin , Atteraya Madhu Sudhan
Published: May 2018

Issues for North Korean refugee integration and resettlement have, in recent times, been a subject of great attention in South Korea. Previous studies documented that North Korean refugees faced significant obstacles in resettlement because of maladjustment and marginalisation, socioeconomic status differences between the North and the South, prejudice, suspicion, national identity, and strong nationalism. This study attempts to fill the research gap by examining factors that impede or facilitate the successful resettlement of North Korean refugees in South Korea using a holistic approach (i.e. market and means, social connections, facilitators, and foundations). To this end, we analysed a sample of 405 North Korean refugees. Univariate comparison of descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were performed. Factors such as foundations (i.e. citizenship and other rights) were found to have strong positive associations with successful resettlement after controlling for sociodemographics and other characteristics. The study concludes that citizenship and rights need to be considered for the successful resettlement of North Korean refugees in South Korea.
The rise of rebel contenders
Authors: Fjelde Hanne , Nilsson Desirée
Published: May 2018

Fragmentation of armed opposition movements through the rise of new rebel groups constitutes a significant challenge to conflict termination and peacebuilding. Yet, the question of why some rebel movements remain cohesive whereas others see a number of contending groups during the course of the armed conflict has received limited attention in existing research. This article addresses this gap by analyzing the determinants of the rise of rebel contenders in intrastate armed conflicts worldwide, 1975–2013. The theoretical framework focuses on barriers to entry, that is, variations in the costs and disadvantages that must be borne by nascent rebel contenders that are not borne to the same extent by incumbent rebel groups. The study proposes that strong social networks underpinning incumbent groups create structural barriers to entry for nascent groups by aggravating challenges of organization building. It further suggests that the interaction between incumbent groups and the government influences strategic barriers to entry as changes in government policies produce windows of opportunity for nascent groups to form. Consistent with these arguments, the study finds that when incumbent groups have strong networks – because rebels either tap into ethnic networks or draw on a leftist ideology – the risk of fragmentation is lower. Furthermore, when the government accommodates groups, through either negotiations or democratic concessions, the risk of fragmentation increases.
Educational Selectivity of Migrants and Current School Enrollment of Children Left behind: Analyses in Three African Countries
Authors: Chae Sophia , Glick Jennifer E.
Published: May 2018

Migration of household members is often undertaken to improve the well-being of individuals remaining in the household. Despite this, research has demonstrated inconsistent associations between migration and children’s well-being across sending areas and types of migration. To understand the degree to which different types of migration and migrants are associated with schooling, we analyze comparable data across three African countries differing in prevalence, type, and selectivity of migration. Results suggest that recent migration is differentially associated with left-behind children’s school enrollment across settings. When analyses are restricted to migrant-sending households, however, migrant selectivity is positively associated with school enrollment.
Responsiveness of five measures of arm function in acute stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Vratsistas-Curto Angela , Sherrington Catherine , McCluskey Annie
Published: May 2018

Objective:

To determine the responsiveness of five arm function measures in people receiving acute inpatient stroke rehabilitation.

Design:

Inception cohort study.

Setting:

Comprehensive stroke unit providing early rehabilitation.

Subjects:

A total of 64 consecutively admitted stroke survivors with moderately severe disability (Modified Rankin Scale score median (interquartile range (IQR)): 4.0 (1.0)).

Main measures:

Responsiveness was analyzed by calculating effect size, standardized response mean and median-based effect size. Floor/ceiling effects were calculated as the percentage of participants scoring the lowest/highest possible scores.

Results:

Average length of stay and number of therapy days were 34 (SD = 27.9) and 12 (SD = 13.1), respectively. Box and Block Test and Functional Independence Measure–Self-Care showed the highest responsiveness with values in the moderate–large range (effect size = 1.09, standardized response mean = 1.07 and median-based effect size = 0.76; effect size = 0.94, standardized response mean = 1.04 and median-based effect size = 1.0). Responsiveness of Action Research Arm Test and Upper Limb–Motor Assessment Scale were moderate (effect size = 0.58, standardized response mean = 0.69 and median-based effect size = 0.59; effect size = 0.62, standardized response mean = 0.75 and median-based effect size = 0.67). For Manual Muscle Test, responsiveness was in the small–moderate range (effect size = 0.42, standardized response mean = 0.59 and median-based effect size = 0.5). Box and Block Test showed the largest floor effect on admission (28%), and Action Research Arm Test and Manual Muscle Test showed the largest ceiling effect on discharge (31%).

Conclusion:

These five measures varied in their ability to detect change with responsiveness ranging from the small to large range. Box and Block Test and Functional Independence Measure–Self-Care showed a greater ability to detect change; both demonstrated moderate–large responsiveness.
Effectiveness of mobilization with movement (Mulligan concept techniques) on low back pain: a systematic review
Authors: Pourahmadi Mohammad Reza , Mohsenifar Holakoo , Dariush Mozhdeh , Aftabi Amirreza , Amiri Ali
Published: May 2018

Objective:

To evaluate evidence on the effectiveness of Mulligan techniques on low back pain.

Data sources:

PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Ovid, CINAHL, Embase, PEDro, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 31 March 2018 for randomized clinical trials reporting outcomes of pain or disability in adult patients (⩾18 years) with low back pain.

Review methods:

Two authors screened the results and extracted data for use in this review. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane criteria. Basic information and treatment protocols were also extracted. In addition, the level of evidence of each study and strength of conclusion for pain and disability were determined.

Results:

A total of 20 studies with 693 patients were included. Nine trials focused on sustained natural apophyseal glide, three on spinal mobilization with limb movement and seven on bent leg raise. The results showed that Mulligan techniques can decrease pain and disability and increase range of motion in patients with low back pain; however, the strength of conclusion for pain and disability was moderate. Furthermore, inconclusive results were observed for the effectiveness of Mulligan techniques on movement speed. In this review, eight studies were categorized as low risk of bias, while 12 studies had high risk of bias. Level of evidence analysis revealed that 17 studies were classified as level of evidence B, while three studies were classified as level of evidence A2.

Conclusion:

Current evidence is insufficient in supporting the benefits of Mulligan techniques on pain, disability, and range of motion in low back pain patients.
A peptide derived from melanotransferrin delivers a protein-based interleukin 1 receptor antagonist across the BBB and ameliorates neuropathic pain in a preclinical model
Authors: Thom George , Tian Mei-Mei , Hatcher Jon P , Rodrigo Natalia , Burrell Matthew , Gurrell Ian , Vitalis Timothy Z , Abraham Thomas , Jefferies Wilfred A , Webster Carl I , Gabathuler Reinhard
Published: May 2018

Delivery of biologic drugs across the blood–brain barrier is becoming a reality. However, the solutions often involve the assembly of complex multi-specific antibody molecules. Here we utilize a simple 12 amino-acid peptide originating from the melanotransferrin (MTf) protein that has shown improved brain delivery properties. 3D confocal fluorescence microscopic analysis demonstrated brain parenchymal localisation of a fluorescently labelled antibody (NIP228) when chemically conjugated to either the MTf peptide or full-length MTf protein. Measurement of plasma kinetics demonstrated the MTf peptide fusions had very similar kinetics to an unmodified NIP228 control antibody, whereas the fusion to MTf protein had significantly reduced plasma exposure most likely due to a higher tissue distribution in the periphery. Brain exposure for the MTf peptide fusions was significantly increased for the duration of the study, exceeding that of the fusions to full length MTf protein. Using a neuropathic pain model, we have demonstrated that fusions to interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) are able to induce significant and durable analgesia following peripheral administration. These data demonstrate that recombinant and chemically conjugated MTf-based brain delivery vectors can deliver therapeutic levels of drug to the central nervous system.
A Decision Aid to Promote Appropriate Colorectal Cancer Screening among Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lewis Carmen L. , Kistler Christine E. , Dalton Alexandra F. , Morris Carolyn , Ferrari Renée , Barclay Colleen , Brewer Noel T. , Dolor Rowena , Harris Russell , Vu Maihan , Golin Carol E.
Published: May 2018

Background. Concerns have been raised about both over- and underutilization of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in older patients and the need to align screening behavior with likelihood of net benefit. Objective. The purpose of this study was to test a novel use of a patient decision aid (PtDA) to promote appropriate CRC screening in older adults. Methods. A total of 424 patients ages 70 to 84 y who were not up to date with CRC screening participated in a double-blinded randomized controlled trial of a PtDA targeted to older adults making decisions about whether to undergo CRC screening from March 2012 to February 2015. Intervention. Patients were randomized to a targeted PtDA or an attention control. The PtDA was designed to facilitate individualized decision making—helping patients understand the potential risks, benefits, and uncertainties of CRC screening given advanced age, health state, preferences, and values. Outcomes. Two composite outcomes, appropriate CRC screening behavior 6 mo after the index visit and appropriate screening intent immediately after the visit, were defined as completed screening or intent for patients in good health, discussion about screening with their provider for patients in intermediate health, and no screening or intent for patients in poor health. Health state was determined by age and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Results. Four hundred twelve (97%) and 421 (99%) patients were analyzed for the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Appropriate screening behavior at 6 mo was higher in the intervention group (55% v. 45%, P = 0.023) as was appropriate screening intent following the provider visit (61% v. 47%, P = 0.003). Limitations. The study took place in a single geographic region. The appropriate CRC screening classification system used in this study has not been formally validated. Conclusions. A PtDA for older adults promoted appropriate CRC screening behavior and intent.

Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, registration number NCT01575990. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01575990?term=epic-d&rank=1
Medical Informatics and Clinical Decision Making: The Science and the Pragmatics
Authors: Shortliffe Edward H.
Published: May 2018

There are important scientific and pragmatic synergies between the medical decision making field and the emerging discipline of medical informatics. In the 1970s, the field of medicine forced clinically oriented artificial intelligence (AI) researchers to develop ways to manage explicit statements of uncertainty in expert systems. Classic probability theory was considered and discussed, but it tended to be abandoned because of complexities that limited its use. In medical AI systems, uncertainty was handled by a variety of ad hoc models that simulated probabilistic considerations. To illustrate the scientific interactions between the fields, the author describes recent work in his laboratory that has attempted to show that formal normative models based on probability and decision theory can be practically melded with AI methods to deliver effective advisory tools. In addition, the practical needs of decision makers and health policy planners are increasingly necessitating collaborative efforts to develop a computing and communications infrastructure for the decision making and informatics communities. This point is illustrated with an example drawn from outcomes management research.
Predicting Discharge Diagnoses Using a Computerized Preadmission Screening Tool
Authors: Hales Joseph W. , Gardner Reed M.
Published: May 2018

The authors integrated into an existing hospital information system a preadmission screening system, intended to reduce payment denials and reimbursement shortfalls that result from improperly classifying the billing status of patients. They report the results of efforts to validate the expert system upon which the preadmission screening system is based.
Semantic Standards for the Representation of Medical Records
Authors: Mori Angelo Rossi , Galeazzi Elena , Gangemi Aldo , Pisanelli Domenico M. , Thornton Anna M.
Published: May 2018

Physicians developed their sublanguage (a system to represent medical concepts and their relations) to store and transmit general medical knowledge and patient-related information. Adequate formalisms are needed to obtain a standard representation of semantics of medical expressions for computer use. Comparison of the semantic contents of two expressions is possible only if a unique canonical form is defined; the transmission of medical facts or patient-related information is really meaningful only by defining a set of primitives (semantic categories and links) and the domains of values (concepts). These primitives must be harmonized to yield a “common core subset” of semantic categories and links. This subset provides a common basis; a procedure to register extension sets of primitives must also be defined, to comply with specific representation needs of specialties and classes of application software.
Modeling the Gender Effects of Pedestrians and Calibration of the Modified Social Force Model
Authors: Siddharth S. M. P. , Vedagiri P.
Published: May 2018

The design of pedestrian sidewalks depends on pedestrian flow, which is related to the speed of pedestrians on the sidewalk. The social force model (SFM) is a microscopic pedestrian simulation model that has been able to reproduce many self-organization phenomena of pedestrian flow such as lane formation. Studies have shown that the SFM has been modified to model particular pedestrian behaviors in different situations by introducing new forces or introducing new factors in existing forces. Also, the literature shows that pedestrian speed varies because of pedestrian characteristics such as age, gender, group behavior, and so forth. There are no studies that model the effect of these pedestrian characteristics using the SFM. Therefore, in this study, we have modeled the effect of gender of pedestrians by introducing a gender factor [Formula: see text]. A sidewalk in Mumbai, India has been chosen for this study. Pedestrian flow and speed were collected from the site. A base SFM containing the driving force, pedestrian–pedestrian interaction force, and pedestrian–boundary interaction force was coded in MATLAB. This model contains six parameters, which were calibrated using a genetic algorithm. Next, the SFM was modified to include different reaction times for the male and female pedestrians, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Keeping other parameters as constant, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were calibrated and found. Gender factors [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are found by dividing the reaction time [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text], respectively. These gender factors could be found for the different male/female composition of pedestrians, which would help in analyzing the level of service of sidewalks.
Speed Prediction Models for Trucks on Horizontal Curves of Two-Lane Rural Roads
Authors: Llopis-Castelló David , González-Hernández Brayan , Pérez-Zuriaga Ana María , García Alfredo
Published: May 2018

Road safety is closely related to geometric design consistency, which is usually assessed by examining operating speed. Most consistency models only consider passenger car speeds, even though the interaction between passenger cars and heavy vehicles plays a pivotal role in road safety. This is due to the fact that there are too few models to estimate heavy vehicle speeds. This study aims to develop speed prediction models for heavy vehicles on horizontal curves of two-lane rural roads. To do this, continuous speed profiles were collected by using Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking devices on 11 road sections. Truck speeds were analyzed on 105 horizontal curves. The results showed that the radius of the horizontal curve and the grade at the point of curvature have a significant influence on heavy vehicle speeds. In this regard, vertical alignment only has a significant effect on truck speeds along upgrades. In addition, different trends were identified for loaded and unloaded trucks, so different speed models were calibrated for each of them. As a result, heavy vehicle speeds were adversely affected by grades greater than 3%. This phenomenon was larger for loaded trucks than for unloaded ones. Finally, the calibrated 85th and 15th percentile speed models were compared with those developed previously. As a conclusion, the use of the proposed models in this study was recommended on Spanish two-lane rural roads due mainly to the different characteristics of heavy vehicles around the world.
Self-Compassionate Writing Exercises Increase College Women’s Body Satisfaction
Authors: Stern Natalie G. , Engeln Renee
Published: May 2018

In three studies, we tested the effect of self-compassionate, body-compassionate, and body-functionality-focused writing exercises on college women’s body satisfaction. In Study 1, two hundred fifty-one undergraduate women completed one of the four letter-writing conditions: a general self-compassionate letter, a body-compassionate letter, a letter about body functionality, or a neutral writing task. In Study 2, two hundred forty undergraduate women completed one of the two compassion-focused conditions from Study 1, or one of the two new writing tasks that instructed participants to write either about their bodies or general selves, without any specific compassion cues. In both studies, participants in the compassion conditions reported significantly greater body satisfaction and positive affect relative to the neutral writing conditions. In Study 1, participants in the body-functionality condition also reported increased body satisfaction and positive affect relative to those in the neutral writing condition. Results for negative affect were inconclusive. In Study 3, the writing exercises were modified; we used an online format with 1,158 sorority women in the United States. Again, results indicated that both self-compassion-focused and body-functionality-focused writing led to higher body satisfaction and higher positive affect (relative to a control condition focused on writing about a recent, positive event); however, no effect on negative affect emerged. Clinicians, educators, and activists may consider using these types of compassionate or body-functionality-focused writing exercises as brief interventions for increasing body satisfaction in young women. Additional online materials for this article are available at https://osf.io/fvgcp
‘Hopelessly devoted to you’: An examination of Winnicott’s concept of primary maternal preoccupation in the identity and practice of male group analysts
Authors: McBride Stephen
Published: May 2018

The rationale for this study is to explore whether or not the Winnicottian concept of primary maternal preoccupation fits into the identities and features in what male group analysts reflect on and resonate with upon ‘giving birth to’ and conducting a group. A qualitative, individual case-study approach was employed to attempt to discover and understand how male group analysts make sense of Winnicott’s fundamental concept. Wondering and thinking about how a male group analyst ‘holds’ both the maternal and paternal function in a group is also being thought about to ascertain the impact of these features on clinical practice. Exploring the concept of primary maternal preoccupation lends towards a strong focus on the relationship between mother and baby, mirrored in and seen as a metaphor for the relationship between the group analyst and the group members. Doron argues that in disclosing her depth of feeling towards the changing group membership in the group she was conducting, she identified strongly with the state of primary maternal preoccupation. This study will explore the range of feelings associated with the primary maternal preoccupation male group analysts associate with. Three qualified group analysts with five years’ minimum post-qualification experience, with whom there were no boundary issues, were interviewed in a semi-structured interview format to ascertain and develop this understanding. A phenomenological research method was chosen to analyse the collated data from the three individual interviews. Following completion of the three interviews, the participants’ texts were analysed resulting in five overall themes being developed. Potential wider scopes and application of the question, potential clinical implications of the topic under discussion and the potential for developing a theoretical discussion in group analysis on what might be coined ‘paternal preoccupation’ were illuminated and discussed.
The psychotic transference in groups
Authors: Clarisse Vollon , Guy Gimenez , Bonnet Christian
Published: May 2018

We wish to present a study of psychotic transference in groups, following on from the work of W.R. Bion and Foulkes. We put forward the hypothesis that in the early stages of such a therapeutic group, group psychotic transference oscillates between expansive movements and restrictive movements. This will be expressed by a tendency of the patients to withdraw, either exclude himself, or engage in an undifferentiated way. To illustrate our premise, we will rely on the analysis of the early stages of a psychoanalytic psychodrama session conducted in a hospital unit. The results will enable us to rethink the therapeutic stakes for this type of treatment.
Back to the rough ground: From predictability to radical uncertainty
Authors: Dalal Farhad
Published: May 2018

In this article I will begin by thinking about how schools of psychotherapy come to be created, and argue that this is a political process rather than a ‘scientific’, technical or rational one. I describe ways in which practice can at times be unhelpfully rigidified into techniques which are used to build borders between schools. I follow this by a description of how Eliasian gossip is used to reinforce methodological silos.

Finally I consider group analysis’ relationship to psychoanalysis, science and the medical model in order to try to shed light on the question ‘one group analysis or many?’.
Regulation of Pol II Pausing Is Involved in Daily Gene Transcription in the Mouse Liver
Authors: Zhu Jialou , Li Chengwei , Gong Changxia , Li Xiaodong
Published: May 2018

The circadian clock orchestrates gene expression rhythms. Regulation at the level of gene transcription is essential for molecular and cellular rhythms. Pol II pause release is a critical step of transcription regulation. However, whether and how Pol II pause release is regulated during daily transcription have not been characterized. In this study, we performed Pol II ChIP-seq across the day in the mouse liver and quantitatively analyzed binding signals within the transcription start site (TSS) region and the gene body. We frequently found discordant changes between Pol II near the TSS ([Pol II]TSS, paused Pol II) and that within the gene body ([Pol II]GB, transcribing Pol II) across the genome, with only [Pol II]GB always reflecting transcription of clock and clock-controlled genes. Accordingly, Pol II traveling ratios of more than 7000 genes showed significant daily changes (>1.5-fold). Therefore, there is widespread regulation of Pol II pausing in the mouse liver. Interestingly, gene transcription rhythms exhibited a bimodal phase distribution. The transcription of ~400 genes peaked near ZT0, coincident with a genome-wide increase in [Pol II]TSS and traveling ratio (TR). The transcription of ~300 other genes peaked ~12 h later, when there was a global decrease in [Pol II]TSS and TR. ChIP-seq against TATA-binding protein (Tbp), a preinitiation complex (PIC) component, revealed that Pol II recruitment mainly played an indirect role in transcriptional output, with transcriptional termination and pause release functioning prominently in determining the fate of initiated Pol II and its pausing status. Taken together, our results revealed a critical, albeit complex role of Pol II pausing control in regulating the temporal output of gene transcription.
Free movement of people and cross-border welfare in the European Union: Dynamic rules, limited outcomes
Authors: Martinsen Dorte Sindbjerg , Pons Rotger Gabriel , Thierry Jessica Sampson
Published: May 2018

For decades, the European legislators and the Court of Justice have extended the rights to free movement and cross-border welfare in the European Union (EU). Strong assumptions on the impact of these rules have been made. It has been held by some that they will lead to welfare migration and thus to be a fundamental challenge to the welfare state. However, studies of how these rules are implemented and what become the de facto outcomes hereof remain scarce. We address this research gap, by examining domestic responses to and outcomes of dynamic EU rules. We based our research on a unique set of administrative data for all EU citizens living in the universalist, tax-financed welfare state of Denmark between 2002 and 2013. We find that domestic responses have been restrictive and outcomes limited.
Regulated Cell Death Seen through the Lens of Islet Transplantation
Authors: Bruni Antonio , Bornstein Stefan , Linkermann Andreas , Shapiro A. M. James
Published: May 2018

Clinical islet transplantation effectively restores euglycemia and corrects glycosylated hemoglobin in labile type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Despite marked improvements in islet transplantation outcomes, acute islet cell death remains a substantial obstacle that compromises long-term engraftment outcomes. Multiple organ donors are routinely required to achieve insulin independence. Therapeutic agents that ameliorate cell death and/or control injury-related inflammatory cascades offer potential to improve islet transplant success. Apoptotic cell death has been identified as a major contributor to cellular demise and therapeutic strategies that subvert initiation and consequences of apoptotic cell death have shown promise in pre-clinical models. Indeed, in numerous pathologies and diseases apoptosis has been the most extensively described form of regulated cell death. However, recent identification of novel, alternative regulated cell death pathways in other disease states and solid organ transplantation suggest that these additional pathways may also have substantial relevance in islet transplantation. These regulated, non-apoptotic cell death pathways exhibit distinct biochemical characteristics but have yet to be fully characterized within islet transplantation. We review herein the various regulated cell death pathways and highlight their relative potential contributions to islet viability, engraftment failure and islet dysfunction.
Risk factors for delayed‐onset rhabdomyolysis in doxylamine succinate intoxication patients
Authors: Lim Ji Yeon , Choi Yoon Hee , Lee Duk Hee , Lee Dong Hoon
Published: May 2018

Background and Objectives:

Patients who overdose on doxylamine, hypnotic agent, usually exhibit good outcomes, but some experience serious complications. Some patients who present with normal creatinine phosphokinase levels in the emergency department later develop rhabdomyolysis during observation. We investigated factors associated with delayed‐onset rhabdomyolysis in patients with doxylamine overdoses.

Methods:

Our investigation period was between 1 January 2011 and 29 February 2016. The initial blood samples were obtained for arterial blood gas analysis and measurements of the levels of electrolytes, creatinine phosphokinase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Urine analyses including pH and occult blood analyses were performed. Follow‐up samples were obtained at 6 and 12 h after admission. Delayed‐onset rhabdomyolysis was defined by a follow‐up serum creatinine phosphokinase level greater than fivefold the upper limit of normal (>1000 IU/L). Comparisons of categorical variables between groups were performed using either the χ2 or Fisher exact tests. Continuous variables were compared between groups using the Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:

A total of 337 patients were enrolled. The large amount of ingested doxylamine (odds ratio = 7.002), tachycardia (odds ratio = 2.809), low arterial blood gas analysis pH (odds ratio = 2.267), and presence of occult blood in the urine (odds ratio = 2.048) were significant associated with delayed‐onset rhabdomyolysis.

Conclusion:

Laboratory follow‐up examinations were required for patients, ingested more than 18 mg/kg doxylamine poisoning, who had pulses exceeding 120 beats/min, had arterial blood gas analysis pH values below 7.3 on blood and urine testing, and/or exhibited the presence of occult blood in the urine, even if the initial creatinine phosphokinase level was normal.
The Role of Palliative Medicine in Assessing Hereditary Cancer Risk
Authors: Abusamaan Mohammed S. , Quillin John Martin , Owodunni Oluwafemi , Emidio Oluwabunmi , Kang In Guk , Yu Brandon , Ma Brittany , Bailey Lauryn , Razzak Rab , Smith Thomas J. , Bodurtha Joann N.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Hereditary cancer assessment and communication about family history risks can be critical for surviving relatives. Palliative care (PC) is often the last set of providers before death.

Methods:

We replicated a prior study of the prevalence of hereditary cancer risk among patients with cancer receiving PC consultations, assessed the history in the electronic medical record (EMR), and explored patients’ attitudes toward discussions about family history. This study was conducted at an academic urban hospital between June 2016 and March 2017.

Results:

The average age of the 75 adult patients with cancer was 60 years, 49 (55%) male and 49 (65%) white. A total of 19 (25%) patients had no clear documentation of family history in the EMR, sometimes because no family history was included in the admission template or an automatically imported template lacked content. In all, 24 (32%) patients had high-risk pedigrees that merited referral to genetic services. And, 48 (64%) patients thought that PC was an appropriate venue to discuss the implications of family history. The mean comfort level in addressing these questions was high.

Conclusions:

At an academic center, 25% of patients had no family history documented in the EMR. And, 32% of pedigrees warranted referral to genetic services, which was rarely documented. There is substantial room for quality improvement for oncologists and PC specialists—often the last set of providers—to address family cancer risk before death and to increase use and ease of documenting family history in the EMR. Addressing cancer family history could enhance prevention, especially among high-risk families.
Use of Technological Aids in the Resection of a Rare Maxillofacial Tumor of Infancy
Authors: Gillenwater Justin , Harshbarger Raymond
Published: May 2018

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is a rare maxillofacial tumor, usually presenting within the first year of life, often a benign locally aggressive lesion, with wide local excision providing the best opportunity of cure. In past reports, direct tissue visualization guided resection, with occasional need for reoperation to clear margins. In this case report, a method is presented to achieve clear margins in surgery using virtual surgical planning and surgical stealth navigation.
What Money Can’t Buy: Wealth, Inequality, and Economic Satisfaction in the Rentier State
Authors: Mitchell Jocelyn Sage , Gengler Justin J.
Published: May 2018

How do perceived inequalities in allocation impact citizen satisfaction with state-distributed benefits in rentier societies? Resource-rich rentier regimes are widely theorized to maintain the economic and political satisfaction of subjects through wealth distribution. Yet, while qualitative research in the rentier states of the Arabian Peninsula has identified unequal distribution as a source of discontent, the relative importance of objective versus subjective factors in shaping satisfaction at the individual level has never been systematically evaluated. Here we assess the impacts of inequality on the nexus between wealth and satisfaction among citizens of the richest rentier regime in the world: the state of Qatar. Using original, nationally representative survey data, we test the effects of two separate mechanisms of unequal distribution previously identified in the literature: group-based discrimination, and variation in individual access owing to informal influence. Results show that perceptions of both group- and individual-based inequality dampen satisfaction with state-distributed benefits, irrespective of objective socioeconomic well-being. The findings demonstrate that even in the most affluent of rentier states, economic satisfaction derives not only from absolute quantities of benefits but also from subjective impressions of fairness in the distribution process.
The Refugee of My Enemy Is My Friend: Rivalry Type and Refugee Admission
Authors: Jackson Joshua L. , Atkinson Douglas B.
Published: May 2018

Why do states accept refugees? While there are a number of factors that influence a state’s decision to accept refugees, interstate relations play an important yet understudied role in refugee flows. In this paper, we build on previous work that has suggested that states with an adversarial relationship will be more likely to accept refugees. We incorporate existing conceptualization and theory from the rivalry literature and extend this logic to state strategy of refugee acceptance to provide one of the first empirical evaluations of refugee acceptance by states. Specifically, we argue that the issues rivals are contending over will change the incentives and disincentives for admitting a rival’s refugees. We anticipate that rivals disputing over ideology will be more likely to accept their rival’s refugees than rivals contending over other rivalry types. We test and find evidence for our arguments using a data set of all directed dyads from 1960 to 2006.
Changing Neighborhoods and the Effect of U.S. Arts Institutions on Human Capital and Displacement Between 2000 and 2010
Authors: Meyer Justin Reeves
Published: May 2018

This article analyzes the impact arts institutions have on human capital attraction and gentrification in Census tracts experiencing different levels of population change. It addresses the ongoing interest in causal models of arts-driven neighborhood change and contextualizes the impact of arts institutions on neighborhoods with varying change trends. The analysis looked at U.S. Census and County Business Patterns data in 24,819 U.S. Census tracts between 2000 and 2010. Controlling for past trends of gentrification and different levels of ongoing population growth, multivariate regression modeling of tract change among propensity-score-matched tract groups suggests that new arts institutions have a positive effect on the number of highly educated residents and high-income groups, even in declining tracts. Furthermore, modeling suggests that new arts institutions are not strongly associated with an immediate change in resident composition associated with displacement gentrification, but may lead to displacement in the longer term.