bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problem stated about "freedom of conscience" in modern Ukraine
Authors: Nykytchenko Olena
Published: August 2019

For the sake of developing a discussion on the problem of defining “freedom of conscience,” let us start by saying that, at first glance, there is no such problem at the surface. At least, when you have the opportunity to familiarize yourself with this topic in the textbooks on religious studies, where very often only the presence of this democratic institution in our society and the legal guarantees of its existence, or the political principles on which it is based, are given. Meanwhile, the periodical and the scientific press have shown that in many cases the exercise of freedom of conscience in our country is far from what the law requires, as well as from the political demands that justify it.
Catholic Ajornamento is a manifestation of time
Authors: Bogachevska Iryna Viktorivna
Published: August 2019

When more than four decades ago, in 1959, Pope John XXIII announced the convening of a high forum of bishops of his Church, many considered his decision to be the least risky. Although the official doctrine of Catholicism, systematized in Pope Leo's encyclical XIII "Rerum novarum" (1891), remained virtually unchanged from its adoption, and each successive head of the Church only developed its position in specific circumstances, John XXIII was convinced: after a long time In centuries of controversy and divisions, the time has come to speak to the world in the language of Christian love, to emphasize not what separates people, but what unites people of good will.
The main problems of political science of religion
Authors: Banek K.
Published: August 2019

Every year, an increasing number of scholarly and popular works on issues relating to the relationship between the fields of religion and politics appear around the world, especially in the English-speaking world. This shows, on the one hand, the growing importance and relevance of these problems, and on the other, the great interest of researchers in such issues. These works focus primarily on the connections and processes that take place in the world of Islam, in particular at the junction of the Islamic Christianity. Based on this, we can say that in our eyes a new scientific discipline is being created, which, on the model of existing religious disciplines (philosophy of religion, psychology of religion, sociology of religion and geography of religion), can be called the political science of religion.
PENERAPAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PERSPEKTIF ADMINISTRATIVE PENAL LAW (Studi Kasus PT. Indosat dan PT. Indosat Mega Media (IM2)
Authors: Nasution Abdul Hayy
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPenelitian ini menjelaskan asas Logische Specialiteit dan Lex Specialis Systematis Derogat Lex Generali dalam penerapan hukum, akan tetapi pada faktanya dalam kasus PT. Indosat dan PT. Indosat Mega Media (IM2) mestinya diterapkan Undang-Undang Telekomunikasi nomor 36 Tahun 1999 yang berdimensi administrasi hukum pidana bukan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang ini digunakan dalan adala likuid penelitian Studi kasus dengan mengkaji, menelaah, memperbandingkan dan atau analisis agar dapat diperoleh gambaran yang jelas tentang proses memperoleh keadilan bagi setiap orang ataupun Korporasi yang didakwa dengan pasal 2 juncto pasal 20 Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penerapan hukum dalam kasus ini tidak sesuai dengan asas lex Specialis derogat lex Generali dan terkesan dalam penerapan hukum dipaksakan untuk tindak pidana korupsi oleh Kejari. Kata Kunci : Undang-Undang Tindakan Pidana Korupsi, Undang-Undang Telekomunikasi,  Azas Lex Specialis Derogat Lex Generali.
SISTEM ADMINISTRASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK PERMOHONAN HAK ATAS TANAH DI KANTOR PERTANAHAN
Authors: Eliana Eliana -
Published: August 2019

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengenai bagaimana sistem administrasi pelayanan publik yang efektif dan efesien seharusnya dilakukan Kantor Pertanahan bagaimana konsep efesien efektifitas sistem administrasi pelayanan publik terhadap permohonan hak atas tanah di Kantor Pertanahan Peraturan Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia tanggal 22 April 2013 Nomor 6 tahun 2013 Tentang Pelayanan Informasi Publik di Lingkungan Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia. BPN sebagaimana standar prosedur operasional pengaturan pelayanan (SPOPP) dan Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 tentang Pelayanan Publik, fungsi yang dilaksanakan belum optimal, keberpihakan pelayanan terutama dibidang pertanahan, proses penyelesaian berbelit-belit dan mahal, Kesadaran pegawai Kantor pertanahan tentang Sapta Tertib Pertanahan masih kurang, sosialisasi prosedur pelayanan dan jenis-jenis pelayanan kurang di mengerti masyarakat, Apakah Kantor Pertanahan melaksanakan pelayanan Hak Atas Tanah yang efektif dan fesien. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode dengan pendekatan socio-legal research yang bersumber dari pengumpulan data yang diperoleh dari data primer data sekunder, kemudian dianalisi dengan metode analisis kualitatif.Hasil penelitian memberikan jawaban bahwa pelaksanaan sistem adminitrasi pelayanan publik terhadap permohonan hak atas tanah di kantor pertanahan masih banyak yang belum diketahui masyarakat, bagaimana kemudahan dan pelayanan yang telah tersedia, sumber daya manusia pada setiap pegawai dengan persoalan persoalan terkait permohonan hak atas tanah belum semuanya mumpuni sementara Kantor Pertanahan telah melakukan inovasi pelayanan dengan tehnologi dan inovasi sehingga proses pendaftaran permohonan hak atas tanah yang efektif dan efesien dapat terwujud melalui layanan Prima Excellent Service yaitu pelayanan One day Service, Quick Wins Service, Weekend Service, Non stop Service, dan One line Service. Saran dari penelitian ini kepada pemerintah agar selalu melakukan ceck and balance pada kantor kantor pertanahan mengenai pelayanan, kepada kantor pertanahan agar lebih solid dan inovatif demi mewujudkan sistem pelayanan publik yang efektif dan efesian, dan masyarakat agar datang sendiri ke kantor pertanahan untuk melakukan pengurusan tanahnya sendiri, tanpa perantara atau calo. Kata Kunci:  Sistem Administrasi pelayanan publik, Permohonan hak atas tanah, Kantor pertanahan.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN NOTARIS ATAS KERAHASIAAN DOKUMEN TERHADAP PENGHADAPNYA
Authors: Surono Surono -
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTJabatan Notaris merupakan jabatan kepercayaan dimana seseorang bersedia mempercayakan sesuatu kepadanya. Sebagai pejabat yang telah diberi kepercayaan, Notaris berkewajiban untuk menjaga kerahasiaan para penghadap, baik yang terkait dengan akta maupun dokumen yang telah diserahkan kepadanya. Hal ini terkait dengan UUJN Pasal 4 ayat (2) dan Pasal 16 ayat (1) huruf f dimana seorang Notaris mempunyai kewajiban untuk menjaga segala sesuatu yang terkait dengan akta yang dibuatnya termasuk dokumen yang telah diserahkan kepadanya. Notaris tidak dapat dipaksa untuk membuka dokumen dalam pembuatan akta yang dibuatnya dengan alasan untuk pembuktian formil maupun materiil. Sekarang ini banyak pemanggilan Notaris oleh pengadilan maupun pihak kepolisan untuk dimintai keterangan terkait dengan dokumen yang dijadikan sebagai dasar pembuatan akta yang dibuat dihadapan Notaris yang bersangkutan. Akibat pembukaan dokumen yang dilakukan seorang Notaris menjadikan dirinya mendapat sanksi dan kehilangan kepercayaan dimata masyarakat yang tidak bisa menjaga rahasia dokumen yang telah ia terima.Kata Kunci : Tanggung Jawab, Notaris, Rahasia dokumen.
PENERAPAN PASAL 5 UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1979 TENTANG PENOLAKAN EKSTRADISI KEJAHATAN POLITIK TERHADAP PELAKU KEJAHATAN POLITIK
Authors: Fauziah Anisa -
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTTulisan dengun judul Penerapan Pasal 5 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1979 (Tentang Penolakan Ekstradisi Kejahatan Politik) Terhadap Pelaku Kejahatan Politik ini berisi tentang alasan- alasan dan sebab-sebab ditolaknya ekstradisi kejahatan politik dalam setiap perjanjian ekstradisi. Tulisan ini juga bertujuan untuk memahami dan mengetahui lebih jauh lagi tentang penolakan ekstradisi kejahatan politik dengan ditinjau dari Undang Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1979 tentang ekstradisi dan dari berbagai buku referensi dan sumber sumber buku lainnya baik dari penulis dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Selain itu tulisan ini juga bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan- pertanyaan yang oleh penulis dianggap penting dan merupakan suatu hal yang masih mengganjal dalam pemikiran penulis. Diantara yang menjadi perhatian dan pertanyaan penulis adalah tentang esensi dan substansi kejahatan politik dalam ekstradisi dan penerapannya terhadap pelaku kejahatan. berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis bahwa suatu kejahatan politik pada dasarnya dapat dimintakan ekstradisinya dengan melalui jalur diplomatik dan berdasarkan asas timbal balik (Reciprocity). Walaupun pada kenyataannya dalam Undang Undang Ekstradisi Nomor 1 Tahun 1979 dan dalam setiap perjanjian ekstradisi disebutkan bahwa kejahatan politik tidak dapat diekstradisi. Masih menurut pemikiran penulis juga, dalam setiap pejanjian ekstradisi maupun Undang Undang Ekstradisi Nomor 1 Tahun 1979 sebaiknya ada suatu amandemen atau modifikasi dari undang undang tersebut supaya dalam penanganan kasus-kasus yang teradi dalanm hal kejahatan politik dapat diselesaikan dengan berdasarkan undang undang yang ada dan tidak ada perbedaan interpretasi dan dapat diterapkan tanpa ada suatu kesalahpahaman tentang kejahatan politik tersebut.Kata Kunci : Penerapan Undang-undang, Penolakan ekstradisi, Kejahatan Politik.
Diseño de la Interfaz para una comunidad virtual orientada a la convivencia de personas sordas y estudiantes universitarios, orientada a fomentar la educación inclusiva
Authors: Cerdán María Dolores Vagas , Cáceres José Rafael Rojano , Rivera Carlos Alberto Ochoa , Guerrero María de los Ángeles Navarro , Orea Alfonso Sánchez , Vazquez Karla Itzel Saldaña
Published: August 2019

Son claros los esfuerzos que se han realizado a nivel nacional e internacional encaminados a lograr una educación inclusiva a todos los niveles; por donde se le mire resulta ser una enorme tarea especialmente porque se trata de involucrar a toda la población para que conozca e interactúe con cualquier persona que presente una discapacidad. En este trabajo se presenta el diseño de una interfaz para una comunidad virtual en la que convivan estudiantes universitarios y personas sordas, cuyo principal objetivo es lograr que haya un primer acercamiento de parte de la comunidad universitaria hacia las personas que presenten el tipo de discapacidad mencionado. Aquí se presenta el modelo empleado para el diseño, el prototipo que se generó y finalmente la evaluación de este por parte de usuarios potenciales.

The efforts that have been made at the national and international level aimed at achieving inclusive education at all levels are clear; where you look at it turns out to be a huge task especially because it involves engaging the entire population to know and interact with anyone who has a disability. This paper presents the design of an interface for a virtual community in which university students and deaf people coexist, whose main objective is to achieve a first approach on the part of the university community towards people who present the type of disability mentioned. Here we present the model used for the design, the prototype that was generated and finally the evaluation of this by potential users.
Retorno Sobre la Inversión en Proyectos de Software Agiles: Una propuesta pedagógica de ROI-SCRUM
Authors: Chavarría R.L. Cortés , Madriz F.A. Lizano
Published: August 2019

El uso de métricas en el desarrollo de software ha sido pobremente atendido en el contexto académico. En el caso de la métrica para estimar el retorno de la inversión (ROI por sus siglas en Ingles), en el contexto de los proyectos Scrum, es un ejemplo típico de este problema. Es difícil encontrar en la literatura elementos que puedan ayudar al maestro a incorporar este tema en el currículo. Este artículo presenta los resultados preliminares de un proyecto en curso destinado a desarrollar un modelo pedagógico para ROI en un curso de Ingeniería de Sistemas. Este proyecto permitirá al profesor y sus alumnos, el estudio del ROI de forma sistemática e ilustrada.

The use of metrics in software development has been poorly attended in academia. In the case of the metric to estimate the Return on Investment (ROI), in the context of Scrum projects, it is a typical example of this problem. It is difficult to find in the literature elements that can help the teacher to incorporate this topic into the curricula. This article presents the preliminary results of an ongoing project aimed to develop a pedagogical model for ROI in a Systems Engineering course. This project will allow to the teacher and its students, the study ROI in a systematic and illustrated way.
Prototipo de juegos serios para el aprendizaje del lenguaje algebraico
Authors: Arjona M.A. Coronado , Guerrero C. G. Nieves , Noh J. R. Couoh , Ay V.M. Tec
Published: August 2019

En el presente trabajo se describe un prototipo de aplicación móvil para el aprendizaje del álgebra, en específico, el tema de Traducción del lenguaje común al lenguaje algebraico y viceversa. El tema fue seleccionado como resultado de un diagnóstico realizado a 126 estudiantes de segundo semestre del ciclo escolar 2017-2018 del Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 14. Se diseñó el contenido educativo de la aplicación, así como su secuencia y organización. Posterior a esto, se utilizó la técnica de Storyboarding para representar la interfaz y la herramienta AppInventor de Google para desarrollar tres juegos didácticos. Se observó que más de un 80% de estudiantes dispone un dispositivo móvil y lo emplean para actividades escolares, por lo que se espera que con la implementación del prototipo mejoren las calificaciones y se capte el interés por las matemáticas.

In the present work a mobile application prototype is described for the learning of algebra, specifically, the topic of Translation from the common language to the algebraic language and vice versa. The topic was selected as a result of a diagnosis made to 126 students of the second semester of the 2017-2018 school year of Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 14. The educational content of the application was designed, as well as its sequence and organization. After this, the Storyboarding technique was used to represent the interface and the Google AppInventor tool to develop three didactic games. It was observed that more than 80% of students have a mobile device and use it for school activities, so it is expected that with the implementation of the prototype the grades will improve and the interest in mathematics will be captured.
Teachers Must Read: Imagining and Instructing the Teacher-as-Reader in Nineteenth-Century English Canada (pp 7-48)
Authors: Murray Heather
Published: August 2019

In early English Canada, educational journals played a critical role in the creation of an informed reading public, not only instructing school councils and iteachers in the best ways to teach reading and to promote literacy, but also in guiding the reading choices and practices of the adult audiences they addressed. This included,  most crucially, the teachers themselves, who for much of the nineteenth century may very well have received an irregular education, and little formal training for the work. This essay surveys more than 160 items devoted to the topics of book selection, literary morality, profitable reading, and the pleasures of books, in nineteenth-century educational journals published in Upper Canada/Canada West/Ontario, tracking the ways the teacher-reader was envisaged in these periodicals, and exhorted to self-culture as moral, emotional, and intellectual preparation for his (and, increasingly, her) vocation.
A Comparative Study with Carvedilol and Ivabradine in Ischaemic Heart Disease Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Hoque Harisul , Ahmed Khurshed , Kabir Mohammad Faisal Ibn , Fatema Nilufar
Published: August 2019

Abstract not available

University Heart Journal Vol. 15, No. 2, Jul 2019; 60-62
A Case of Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Ahmed Khurshed , Hoque Harisul , Zaman SM Mustafa , Khaled Fakhrul Islam , Sultan Md Ashraf Uddin , Fatema Nilufar , Chowdhury MSI Tipu , Bashar Adnan
Published: August 2019

Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) is a congenital cardiac disorder which is not so uncommon but it becomes rare when associated with aortic stenosis. In our case clinical finding was consistent with PDA and aortic stenosis. Echocardiographic finding showed that patient also has moderate aortic regurgitation which makes this case one of the rarest.

University Heart Journal Vol. 15, No. 2, Jul 2019; 86-88
Methodologies Utilized and Lessons Learned in High Threat Environments and Mass Casualty Environments.
Authors: Bennett Andrew
Published: August 2019

In May 2019, the author was awarded the Australian Tactical Medical Association (ATMA) study grant to attend the Special Operations Medicine Scientific Assembly (SOMSA) 2019 in Charlotte, North Carolina in the United States of America. Whilst in the U.S. the author had the opportunity to hear many talks, attend labs and talk to many first responders in high threat and austere environments to learn about how they operate, and the lessons learned from their experiences.

This report highlights the two objectives of the study grant:

Record the key content and lessons learned by attendance at SOMSA 2019.

Discuss techniques utilized and lessons learned by first responders operating in high threat environments and mass casualty incidents.

The SOMSA brings together many like-minded pre-hospital, tactical, wilderness, austere, disaster and deployed medicine operators from all around the world to share their learnings with a primary goal to

advance the art and science of special operations medical care. It is a great opportunity for military and civilian providers to learn, network and engage with industry partners showcasing innovative products and technology.
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI DEDAK BEKATUL DAN KONSENTRASI AIR KELAPA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Maula Minhatul , Wijaya Wijaya , Nur Subandi
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi dedak bekatul dan konsentrasi air kelapa terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus). Percobaan dilaksanakan di Desa Karangwangi Kecamatan Depok Cirebon – Jawa Barat dari bulan Mei sampai Juli 2013.Metode percobaan yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari kombinasi perlakuan komposisi dedak bekatul dan konsentrasi air kelapa yang diulang tiga kali. Kombinasi perlakuan tersebut adalah sebagai berikut : A (5% dedak bekatul dan 0% air kelapa), B (5% dedak bekatul dan 10% air kelapa), C (5% dedak bekatul dan 20% air kelapa), D (5% dedak bekatul dan 30% air kelapa), E (10% dedak bekatul dan 0% air kelapa), F (10% dedak bekatul dan 10% air kelapa), G (10% dedak bekatul dan 20% air kelapa), H (10% dedak bekatul dan 30% air kelapa), I (15% dedak bekatul dan 0% air kelapa), J (15% dedak bekatul dan 10% air kelapa), K (15% dedak bekatul dan 20% air kelapa), dan L (15% dedak bekatul dan 30% air kelapa).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh nyata antara komposisi dedak bekatul dan konsentrasi air kelapa terhadap kedalaman miselium umur 7 dan 21 HSI, diameter tudung, jumlah badan buah per baglog dan bobot jamur tiram putih per baglog. Namun tidak berpengaruh nyata pada pengamatan kedalaman miselium 14 HSI dan waktu muncul pin head. Hasil terbaik ditunjukkan dari perlakuan L yaitu takaran 15% dedak bekatul dan konsentrasi 30% air kelapa.
PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN PEMOTONGAN UMBI BIBIT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium Ascalonicum L.) VARIETAS BIMA BREBES
Authors: Palupi Tanti , Alfandi Alfandi
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh jarak tanam dan pemotongan umbi biji terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) varietas Bima Brebes, (2) pada jarak tanam dan pemotongan umbi biji berapa banyak bawang merah pertumbuhan dan hasil panen diperoleh varietas merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Bima Brebes tertinggi (3) korelasi antara komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) varietas Bima Brebes. Percobaan dilakukan dari Maret hingga Juni 2017 di Desa Kersana, Kecamatan Kersana, Kabupaten Brebes, yang terletak di ketinggian 11 mdpl, tipe tanah aluvial dengan pH 6,7 dan tekstur tanah liat berpasir.Eksperimen ini menggunakan pola Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial, yang terdiri dari 9 kombinasi jarak dan pemotongan umbi benih, masing-masing diulang tiga kali, sehingga terdapat 27 plot percobaan. Kombinasi perlakuan yang diuji adalah: A (10 cm x 20 cm, tanpa memotong umbi benih), B (10 cm x 20 cm, ¼ bagian), C (10 cm x 20 cm, ⅓ bagian), D (15 cm x 20 cm, tanpa memotong), E (15 cm x 20 cm, ¼ bagian), F (15 cm x 20 cm, ⅓ bagian), G (20 cm x 20 cm, tanpa memotong), H (20 cm x 20 cm , ¼ bagian), I (20 cm x 20 cm, ⅓ bagian).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Ada pengaruh perlakuan yang signifikan terhadap kombinasi jarak dan pemotongan umbi bibit terhadap jumlah daun berumur 15 dan 25 HST, jumlah anakan per rumpun umur 15 HST dan berat umbi kering per merencanakan. (2) Perlakuan C (jarak tanam 10 cm x 20 cm dan pemotongan umbi benih)) memberikan hasil 3,98 kg atau setara dengan 13,27 ton / ha. Perlakuan E (jarak tanam 15 cm x 20 cm dan pemotongan tub bagian biji) memberikan hasil terbaik dengan bobot umbi kering tertinggi per plot, yaitu 4,04 kg atau setara dengan 13,47 ton / ha. (3) Ada korelasi yang signifikan antara jumlah daun per rumpun dengan berat umbi kering per plot berusia 25 HST dan 35 HST, LPT (Laju Pertumbuhan Tanaman) untuk usia 15 hingga 25 HST dengan berat umbi kering per plot.
Temporal Effects of Biochar and Dairy Manure on Physicochemical Properties of Podzol: Case from a Silage-Corn Production Trial in Boreal Climate
Authors: Vermooten Marli , Nadeem Muhammad , Cheema Mumtaz , Thomas Raymond , Galagedara Lakshman
Published: August 2019

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar and dairy manure (DM) on physicochemical properties of podzolic soils, as well as to establish the relationships between selected physicochemical properties and soil electrical conductivity (EC) in a silage-corn production system. Nutrient requirements of the crop were met through different nutrient sources considering soil nutrient status, nutrient availability from DM (DM, DM + biochar) and regional crop nutrient recommendations. Experimental treatments included control, inorganic nitrogen (IN), IN + biochar, IN + DM, and IN + DM + biochar. DM was applied at 30,000 L ha−1, whereas biochar was applied at 20 Mg ha−1 and mixed within the top 20 cm of the soil. Disturbed soil samples as well as time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements were collected from treatment plots on four field days. Results showed no significant (p > 0.05) treatment effects on soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) within each field day. However, significant temporal effects were recorded for pH, EC, apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and electrical conductivity of the soil solution (ECw). Soil depth (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) had no significant effect on treatments. Significant positive correlations were recorded for EC with soil organic carbon and CEC (ECa, ECw 0–10 cm, & 10–20 cm, p = 0.000). Correlation results show that ECa measurements as a proxy to investigate the variability of key soil properties over large areas, but further investigation between ECa data and soil properties should be carried out to address uncertainties associated in predicting these properties.
Allelopathic Activity of Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) and Peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) Reduces Yield, Growth, and Photosynthetic Rate in a Succeeding Crop of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Karkanis Anestis , Alexiou Alexandros , Katsaros Christos , Petropoulos Spyridon
Published: August 2019

The inclusion of species with allelopathic activity in crop rotation systems may have benefits for crop management such as weed control, but less is understood about their wider impacts on succeeding crops. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two allelopathic species (spearmint and peppermint) on growth, physiological characteristics, and yield of a following maize crop. Thus, field experiments were carried out at two sites, according to a randomized complete block design, while the examined treatments were: (a) fallow–fallow–maize crop rotation system (FFM), (b) spearmint–spearmint–maize crop rotation system (SSM), and (c) peppermint–peppermint–maize crop rotation system (PPM). Our results indicated that the inclusion of spearmint or peppermint in crop rotation systems negatively affect the growth of maize plants. The highest plant height was recorded for FFM rotation system where no allelopathic species were used. At both sites and for four sampling dates, the aboveground dry biomass was also affected by the implemented crop rotation system. In particular, dry biomass was significantly lower in the PPM and SSM crop rotation systems comparing to the FFM system, whereas there were no significant differences between these two crop rotation systems. Similar to the maize biomass, the highest values of photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and relative chlorophyll content were observed for the FFM rotation system. Additionally, differences in grain yield were observed among the tested crop rotation systems. Grain yield ranged from 10,200 to 13,346 kg ha−1 and from 11,773 to 14,106 kg ha−1 at site A and B, respectively, while it was reduced by 16.54–23.58% and 12.16–17.83% in the SSP and PPM rotation systems comparing to the FFM system. In conclusion, our results indicate that the inclusion of peppermint or spearmint in crop rotation may inhibit plant growth and reduce grain yield of maize as successive crop, an effect that could be attributed to the allelopathic activity of spearmint and peppermint.
Rapid Estimation of Wheat Straw Decomposition Constituents Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Nielsen Nathan S. , Stubbs Tami L. , Garland-Campbell Kimberly A. , Carter Arron H.
Published: August 2019

Adoption of no-till systems in Eastern Washington has been slow due to the difficulty of managing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw residue and the unknown decomposition potential of cultivars. We hypothesize that by analyzing wheat straw with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), calibration models can be developed to accurately predict fiber and chemical constituents of wheat, determining straw decomposition potential. Straw from a panel of 480 soft winter wheat cultivars adapted to the Pacific Northwest are analyzed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), cellulose, hemicellulose, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N). Using modified partial least squares regression and cross validation techniques, specific environment and broad-based NIRS models are calibrated and predictive ability is validated. R2cal values from broad models are better than the specific models, and are 0.85 (NDF), 0.86 (ADF), 0.65 (ADL), 0.88 (cellulose), 0.42 (hemicellulose), 0.67 (C), and 0.73 (N). The corresponding SEP values are 1.68% (NDF), 1.54% (ADF), 0.62% (ADL), 1.14% (cellulose), 1.11% (hemicellulose), 1.23% (C), and 0.06% (N). A Finch × Eltan breeding population is used to further validate models and prediction accuracies for variety selection within a breeding program scenario. The broad NIRS models prove useful for estimating high and low ranges of NDF, ADF, and cellulose in wheat cultivars which translate into characteristics of slow and fast decomposition potential.
Micronutrients in the Soil and Wheat: Impact of 84 Years of Organic or Synthetic Fertilization and Crop Residue Management
Authors: Shiwakoti Santosh , Zheljazkov Valtcho D. , Gollany Hero T. , Kleber Markus , Xing Baoshan , Astatkie Tess
Published: August 2019

Crop residues are an important source of plant nutrients. However, information on the various methods of residue management on micronutrients in soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over time is limited. A long-term (84-year) agroecosystem experiment was assessed to determine the impact of fertilizer type and methods of crop residue management on micronutrients over time under dryland winter wheat-fallow rotation. The treatments were: no N application with residue burning in fall (FB), spring (SB), and no residue burn (NB); 45 kg N ha−1 with SB and NB; 90 kg N ha−1 with SB and NB; pea vines; and farmyard manure (FYM) and a nearby undisturbed grass pasture (GP). Wheat grain, straw, and soil samples from 1995, 2005, and 2015 were used to determine tissue total and soil Mehlich III extractable Mn, Cu, B, Fe, and Zn, and soil pH. After 84 years, extractable Mn and B in the top 10 cm of soil decreased in all plots, except for B in FYM and SB. The FYM plots had the highest extractable Mn (114 mg kg−1) in the top 10 cm soil; however, it declined by 33% compared to the GP (171 mg kg−1). Extractable Zn in the top 10 cm of soil increased with FYM while it decreased with inorganic N application in 2015; however, total Zn in grain increased by 7% with inorganic N (90 kg ha−1) application compared to FYM application. The results suggest that residue management had similar impact on soil micronutrients. Inorganic N and FYM application can be integrated to reduce micronutrient losses from cultivation.
Effects of Genotype, Direct Sowing and Plant Spacing on Field Performance of Jatropha curcas L.
Authors: Andrianirina Zafitsara Tantely , Martin Matthias , Dongmeza Euloge , Senger Elisa
Published: August 2019

The tropical multiuse tree Jatropha curcas L. (jatropha) is highly promoted as oilseed crop for biodiesel production and for climate change mitigation, but cultivation practices require further research. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of varying plant spacings (2.0 m × 4 m compared to 1.5 m × 4 m), crop establishment methods (raising plantlets in a nursery prior to planting to the field compared to direct sowing) and genotypes on seed yield, seed quality and plant height, recorded at a dry-subhumid location in Madagascar (Ihosy) and at a humid location in Cameroon (Batchenga). Averaged across treatment variants and genotypes, seed yield and seed oil content were higher at the dry-subhumid site and in particular the narrower spacing reached higher seed yields per unit area than the wider spacing. At the humid site, plant growth was characterized by strong accumulation of biomass. The establishment method tested at the dry-subhumid site showed no significant differences in the recorded parameters. Our results encourage to re-think common practices in jatropha cultivation and underpin the importance of the correct choice of location, genotype and agronomic practices considering the interactions between all factors.
Long-Term Monoculture Negatively Regulates Fungal Community Composition and Abundance of Tea Orchards
Authors: Arafat Yasir , Tayyab Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Umar , Chen Ting , Amjad Hira , Awais Saadia , Lin Xiangmin , Lin Wenxiong , Lin Sheng
Published: August 2019

Continuous cropping frequently leads to soil acidification and major soil-borne diseases in tea plants, resulting in low tea yield. We have limited knowledge about the effects of continuous tea monoculture on soil properties and the fungal community. Here, we selected three replanted tea fields with 2, 15, and 30 years of monoculture history to assess the influence of continuous cropping on fungal communities and soil physiochemical attributes. The results showed that continuous tea monoculture significantly reduced soil pH and tea yield. Alpha diversity analysis showed that species richness declined significantly as the tea planting years increased and the results based on diversity indicated inconsistency. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that monoculture duration had the highest loading in structuring fungal communities. The relative abundance of Ascomycota, Glomeromycota, and Chytridiomycota decreased and Zygomycota and Basidiomycota increased with increasing cropping time. Continuous tea cropping not only decreased some beneficial fungal species such as Mortierella alpina and Mortierella elongatula, but also promoted potentially pathogenic fungal species such as Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Microidium phyllanthi over time. Overall, continuous tea cropping decreased soil pH and potentially beneficial microbes and increased soil pathogenic microbes, which could be the reason for reducing tea yield. Thus, developing sustainable tea farming to improve soil pH, microbial activity, and enhanced beneficial soil microbes under a continuous cropping system is vital for tea production.
Effect of Feeding Cows with Unsaturated Fatty Acid Sources on Milk Production, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, and Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Ice Cream
Authors: Vargas-Bello-Pérez Einar , Cancino-Padilla Nathaly , Geldsetzer-Mendoza Carolina , Vyhmeister Stefanie , Morales María , Leskinen Heidi , Romero Jaime , Garnsworthy Philip , Ibáñez Rodrigo
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of dairy cows with different fatty acid sources (soybean oil (SO) and fish oil (FO)) on milk production, milk composition, milk fatty acid profile, and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of ice cream. During 63 days, fifteen Holstein cows averaging 198 ± 35 days in milk were assigned to three groups: control diet with no added lipid (n = 5 cows); and supplemented diets with SO (n = 5 cows; unrefined SO; 30 g/kg DM) or FO (n = 5 cows; FO from unrefined salmon oil; 30 g/kg DM). Milk production, milk fat, and milk protein were not affected by treatments. Saturated fatty acids in milk fat were decreased with SO and FO compared with control. C18:2 cis-9, cis-12 was increased with SO whereas C18:2 cis-9, trans-11, C20:3n-3, C20:3n-6, C20:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 were the highest with FO. Draw temperature and firmness were higher in SO compared to control and FO ice creams. Melting resistance was higher in FO compared with control and SO ice creams. Supplementation of cow diets with SO and FO did not have detrimental effects on milk production, or ice cream physicochemical and sensory characteristics.
Killing Traps and Snares in North America: The Need for Stricter Checking Time Periods
Authors: Proulx Gilbert , Rodtka Dwight
Published: August 2019

In this review, we make the point that current checking times for killing traps and snares are inadequate or nonexistent in most North American jurisdictions. We use Conibear 120 rotating-jaw traps and killing neck snares as examples of trapping devices that may fail to consistently and humanely kill furbearers. Because these killing devices are not powerful enough for the target species, the trigger systems do not properly position the animals in traps, or trappers are inexperienced and improperly set traps or snares, these killing devices become restraining devices, and animals suffer long and painful deaths. Because trappers use a variety of trigger configurations and trap sets, all killing devices, even those certified by trapper organizations or governments, should be monitored at least once every 24 h on traplines, but preferably every 12 h, because one cannot know a priori whether traps will strike animals in appropriate locations for a quick kill. However, when using trapping devices such as killing neck snares that are legal and allowed by government agencies despite being inhumane, trappers should check them every 12 h. When traplines are situated near urban areas, e.g., within 10 km, checks should be done every 12 h to release pets and non-target animals.
Sowing Date and Seeding Rate Affect Bioactive Compound Contents of Chickpea Grains
Authors: Primi Riccardo , Ruggeri Roberto , Ronchi Bruno , Bernabucci Umberto , Rossini Francesco , Martin-Pedrosa Mercedes , Danieli Pier Paolo
Published: August 2019

Chickpea grains may represent an alternative to soybean meals and energetic concentrates in animal feeding, as their nutritional value can help to increase the sustainability of livestock systems. Unfortunately, the presence of bioactive compounds with anti-nutritional effects can prevent its direct use, especially in mono-gastrics. It is known that the synthesis of these compounds depends on genetic expression, which is also influenced by growth conditions. The objective of this two-year study was to assess the effect of sowing date (winter versus spring) and seeding rate (70 versus 110 seeds m−2) on the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates, α-galactosides, trypsin inhibitors, and inositol phosphates in the grains of two Kabuli cultivars, in the Mediterranean climate. The results showed that seeds collected from winter sowing contained more trypsin inhibitors than those seeded in spring (+ 4%, on average), reaching values between 16.1 and 18.6 TIU mg protein−1. The seeding rate affects only the α-galactosides content, which increases (+9%) at lower densities (70 seeds m−2). These findings suggest that agronomic management can be used to modulate the content of some anti-nutritional factors in the seeds, even though the genetic characteristics and phenotypic expression, in relation to the climatic conditions, seem to deeply affect the content of all the bioactive compounds investigated.
Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Poultry Nutrition: Effect on Production Performance and Health
Authors: Alagawany Mahmoud , Elnesr Shaaban S. , Farag Mayada R. , Abd El-Hack Mohamed E. , Khafaga Asmaa F. , Taha Ayman E. , Tiwari Ruchi , Yatoo Mohd. Iqbal , Bhatt Prakash , Khurana Sandip Kumar , Dhama Kuldeep
Published: August 2019

Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids are important components of cell membranes. They are essential for health and normal physiological functioning of humans. Not all fatty acids can be produced endogenously owing to the absence of certain desaturases; however, they are required in a ratio that is not naturally achieved by the standard diet of industrialized nations. Poultry products have become the primary source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), with one of the most effective solutions being to increase the accretion of PUFAs in chicken products via the adjustment of fatty acids in poultry diets. Several studies have reported the favorable effects of ω-3 PUFA on bone strength, bone mineral content and density, and semen quality. However, other studies concluded negative effects of LC-PUFA on meat quality and palatability, and acceptability by consumers. The present review discussed the practical application of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids in poultry diets, and studied the critical effects of these fatty acids on productive performance, blood biochemistry, immunity, carcass traits, bone traits, egg and meat quality, and semen quality in poultry. Future studies are required to determine how poultry products can be produced with higher contents of PUFAs and favorable fatty acid composition, at low cost and without negative effects on palatability and quality.
Addressing Lameness in Farmed Animals: An Urgent Need to Achieve Compliance with EU Animal Welfare Law
Authors: Nalon Elena , Stevenson Peter
Published: August 2019

Lameness is the clinical manifestation of a range of painful locomotory conditions affecting many species of farmed animals. Although these conditions have serious consequences for animal welfare, productivity, and longevity, the prevention and treatment of lameness continue to receive insufficient attention in most farming sectors across the European Union (EU). In this paper, we outline the legislative framework that regulates the handling of lameness and other painful conditions in farmed animals in the EU. We briefly outline the current situation in different livestock farming sectors. Finally, we make the case for the introduction of regular on-farm monitoring of lameness and for the setting of alarm thresholds that should trigger corrective actions.
Clinical Practice Guidelines: An Opinion of the Legal Implication to Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Pugliese Michela , Voslarova Eva , Biondi Vito , Passantino Annamaria
Published: August 2019

The strengthening of the bond between humans and animals has changed the landscape of the veterinary profession. This has, in turn, led the legal system to assess damages in veterinary malpractice and liability cases more carefully, paying attention to the possibility of using clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to prove whether the defendant veterinarian contravened or not the standard of care. In this era of evidence-based veterinary medicine, CPGs are becoming an integral part of many aspects of veterinary practice, even if CPGs do not have the force of law and are situated halfway between ethical rules and legal requirements. Although guidelines have been used for several years, there seems to be a general lack of recognition of the medical and legal ramifications of CPGs for veterinarians. This creates ambiguity and inconsistency in the care that veterinary practitioners provide, compromises the care animals receive, and prevents the courts from assessing veterinarian competence in a systematic and rational way. On the basis of these considerations, this article discusses the legal implications of CPGs in veterinary medicine for dogs and cats and explores how the law may treat CPGs in the future. Redefining the CPGs should be a priority for veterinary profession. NOTE: The authors chose to use the terms “companion animal,” “pet,” and “small animal” interchangeably throughout this article, as all three are commonly in use and refer to the same animals (dogs and cats).
The Effect of Dietary Quercetin on the Glutathione Redox System and Small Intestinal Functionality of Weaned Piglets
Authors: Degroote Jeroen , Vergauwen Hans , Van Noten Noémie , Wang Wei , De Smet Stefaan , Van Ginneken Chris , Michiels Joris
Published: August 2019

Quercetin has been shown to alleviate mucosal damage and modulate the glutathione (GSH) redox system in the colon of rodents. In the current study, we assessed whether quercetin was able to mitigate small intestinal dysfunction in weaned pigs. Here, 224 weaned piglets were fed a diet containing quercetin at either 0, 100, 300, or 900 mg/kg diet until d14 post-weaning, followed by a common basal diet until d42. Eight animals per treatment were sampled at d5 and d14 post-weaning. In these animals, the small intestinal histomorphology, barrier function, and protein abundance of occludin, caspase-3, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were assessed. None of these parameters were affected, and neither did quercetin improve performance up to d42 post-weaning. The GSH redox system was evaluated in blood, small intestinal mucosa, and liver. Quercetin did not affect the glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutamate–cysteine ligase activity in these tissues. In contrast, the hepatic glutathione transferase (GST) activity was significantly increased by quercetin supplementation at d5 post-weaning of 100, 300, and 900 mg/kg. Importantly, d5 was characterized by a more oxidized GSH redox status. To conclude, dietary quercetin had little effect on the small intestine, but did upregulate hepatic GST in the occurrence of redox disturbance.
Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements
Authors: Viktorova Jitka , Stranska-Zachariasova Milena , Fenclova Marie , Vitek Libor , Hajslova Jana , Kren Vladimir , Ruml Tomas
Published: August 2019

Numerous in vitro assays are used to characterize the antioxidant properties of natural-based matrices. However, many of them generate contradictory and non-compliant results. In our study, we focused on the characterization of traditionally used biochemical (2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and cellular (CAA) antioxidant tests on a broad set of milk thistle dietary supplements containing silymarin. In addition to 26 commercially available preparations, also the natural silymarin extract available from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA, and a model mixture of pure flavonoid/flavonolignans mimicking the silymarin composition were investigated as control samples. Significant differences in the antioxidant capacity of the supplements were observed. Unlike the DPPH, the results of the ABTS and ORAC methods correlated with the silymarin components determined by U-HPLC-HRMS/MS. The responses in CAA were considerably lower than in other assays. Silymarin exhibited a significantly higher antioxidant capacity than the artificially prepared flavonoid/flavonolignans mixture in all tests, indicating possible presence of other antioxidants of natural origin. The follow-up U-HPLC-HRMS/MS screening revealed the presence of tens of non-silymarin compounds with reported antioxidant activity (not only in the silymarin extract, but also in the milk thistle preparations). The sum of the total phenolics and the sum of the simple phenolics correlated with CAA results more than silymarin.
Improved Hierarchical Adaptive Deep Belief Network for Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Shen Changqing , Xie Jiaqi , Wang Dong , Jiang Xingxing , Shi Juanjuan , Zhu Zhongkui
Published: August 2019

Rotating machinery plays a vital role in modern mechanical systems. Effective state monitoring of a rotary machine is important to guarantee its safe operation and prevent accidents. Traditional bearing fault diagnosis techniques rely on manual feature extraction, which in turn relies on complex signal processing and rich professional experience. The collected bearing signals are invariably complicated and unstable. Deep learning can voluntarily learn representative features without a large amount of prior knowledge, thus becoming a significant breakthrough in mechanical fault diagnosis. A new method for bearing fault diagnosis, called improved hierarchical adaptive deep belief network (DBN), which is optimized by Nesterov momentum (NM), is presented in this research. The frequency spectrum is used as inputs for feature learning. Then, a learning rate adjustment strategy is applied to adaptively select the descending step length during gradient updating, combined with NM. The developed method is validated by bearing vibration signals. In comparison to support vector machine and the conventional DBN, the raised approach exhibits a more satisfactory performance in bearing fault type and degree diagnosis. It can steadily and effectively improve convergence during model training and enhance the generalizability of DBN.