bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies to Increase Peer Support Specialists’ Capacity to Use Digital Technology in the Era of COVID-19: Pre-Post Study
Authors: Fortuna Karen L , Myers Amanda L , Walsh Danielle , Walker Robert , Mois George , Brooks Jessica M
Published: July 2020

Background

Prior to the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), telemental health to support mental health services was primarily designed for individuals with professional clinical degrees, such as psychologists, psychiatrists, registered nurses, and licensed clinical social workers. For the first the time in history, peer support specialists are offering Medicaid-reimbursable telemental health services during the COVID-19 crisis; however, little effort has been made to train peer support specialists on telehealth practice and delivery.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the impact of the Digital Peer Support Certification on peer support specialists’ capacity to use digital peer support technology.

Methods

The Digital Peer Support Certification was co-produced with peer support specialists and included an education and simulation training session, synchronous and asynchronous support services, and audit and feedback. Participants included 9 certified peer support specialists between the ages of 25 and 54 years (mean 39 years) who were employed as peer support specialists for 1 to 11 years (mean 4.25 years) and had access to a work-funded smartphone device and data plan. A pre-post design was implemented to examine the impact of the Digital Peer Support Certification on peer support specialists’ capacity to use technology over a 3-month timeframe. Data were collected at baseline, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months.

Results

Overall, an upward trend in peer support specialists’ capacity to offer digital peer support occurred during the 3-month certification period.

Conclusions

The Digital Peer Support Certification shows promising evidence of increasing the capacity of peer support specialists to use specific digital peer support technology features. Our findings also highlighted that this capacity was less likely to increase with training alone and that a combinational knowledge translation approach that includes both training and management will be more successful.
The Use of Social Media to Increase the Impact of Health Research: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Bardus Marco , El Rassi Rola , Chahrour Mohamad , Akl Elie W , Raslan Abdul Sattar , Meho Lokman I , Akl Elie A
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Academics in all disciplines increasingly use social media to share their publications on the internet, reaching out to different audiences. In the last few years, specific indicators of social media impact have been developed (eg, Altmetrics), to complement traditional bibliometric indicators (eg, citation count and h-index). In health research, it is unclear whether social media impact also translates into research impact.

OBJECTIVE

The primary aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the impact of using social media on the dissemination of health research. The secondary aim was to assess the correlation between Altmetrics and traditional citation-based metrics.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review to identify studies that evaluated the use of social media to disseminate research published in health-related journals. We specifically looked at studies that described experimental or correlational studies linking the use of social media with outcomes related to bibliometrics. We searched the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases using a predefined search strategy (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42017057709). We conducted independent and duplicate study selection and data extraction. Given the heterogeneity of the included studies, we summarized the findings through a narrative synthesis.

RESULTS

Of a total of 18,624 retrieved citations, we included 51 studies: 7 (14%) impact studies (answering the primary aim) and 44 (86%) correlational studies (answering the secondary aim). Impact studies reported mixed results with several limitations, including the use of interventions of inappropriately low intensity and short duration. The majority of correlational studies suggested a positive association between traditional bibliometrics and social media metrics (eg, number of mentions) in health research.

CONCLUSIONS

We have identified suggestive yet inconclusive evidence on the impact of using social media to increase the number of citations in health research. Further studies with better design are needed to assess the causal link between social media impact and bibliometrics.
Methods and Evaluation Criteria for Apps and Digital Interventions for Diabetes Self-Management: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Larbi Dillys , Randine Pietro , Årsand Eirik , Antypas Konstantinos , Bradway Meghan , Gabarron Elia
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

There is growing evidence that apps and digital interventions have a positive impact on diabetes self-management. Standard self-management for patients with diabetes could therefore be supplemented by apps and digital interventions to increase patients’ skills. Several initiatives, models, and frameworks suggest how health apps and digital interventions could be evaluated, but there are few standards for this. And although there are many methods for evaluating apps and digital interventions, a more specific approach might be needed for assessing digital diabetes self-management interventions.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to identify which methods and criteria are used to evaluate apps and digital interventions for diabetes self-management, and to describe how patients were involved in these evaluations.

METHODS

We searched CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science for articles published from 2015 that referred to the evaluation of apps and digital interventions for diabetes self-management and involved patients in the evaluation. We then conducted a narrative qualitative synthesis of the findings, structured around the included studies’ quality, methods of evaluation, and evaluation criteria.

RESULTS

Of 1681 articles identified, 31 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 7 articles were considered of high confidence in the evidence. Apps were the most commonly used platform for diabetes self-management (18/31, 58%), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) was the targeted health condition most studies focused on (12/31, 38%). Questionnaires, interviews, and user-group meetings were the most common methods of evaluation. Furthermore, the most evaluated criteria for apps and digital diabetes self-management interventions were cognitive impact, clinical impact, and usability. Feasibility and security and privacy were not evaluated by studies considered of high confidence in the evidence.

CONCLUSIONS

There were few studies with high confidence in the evidence that involved patients in the evaluation of apps and digital interventions for diabetes self-management. Additional evaluation criteria, such as sustainability and interoperability, should be focused on more in future studies to provide a better understanding of the effects and potential of apps and digital interventions for diabetes self-management.
Electronic Cigarette–Related Contents on Instagram: Observational Study and Exploratory Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Gao Yankun , Xie Zidian , Sun Li , Xu Chenliang , Li Dongmei
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Instagram is a popular social networking platform for users to upload pictures sharing their experiences. Instagram has been widely used by vaping companies and stores to promote electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), as well as by public health entities to communicate the risks of e-cigarette use (vaping) to the public.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to characterize current vaping-related content on Instagram through descriptive analyses.

METHODS

From Instagram, 42,951 posts were collected using vaping-related hashtags in November 2019. The posts were grouped as (1) pro-vaping, (2) vaping warning, (3) neutral to vaping, and (4) not related to vaping based on the attitudes to vaping expressed within the posts. From these Instagram posts and the corresponding 18,786 unique Instagram user accounts, 200 pro-vaping and 200 vaping-warning posts as well as 200 pro-vaping and 200 vaping-warning user accounts were randomly selected for hand coding. Furthermore, follower counts and media counts of the Instagram user accounts as well as the “like” counts and hashtags of the posts were compared between pro-vaping and vaping-warning groups.

RESULTS

There were more posts in the pro-vaping group (41,412 posts) than there were in the vaping-warning group (1539 posts). The majority of pro-vaping images were product display images (163/200, 81.5%), and the most popular image type in vaping-warning posts was educational (95/200, 47.5%). The highest proportion of pro-vaping user account type was vaping store (110/189, 58.1%), and the store account type had the highest mean number of posts (10.33 posts/account). The top 3 vaping-warning user account types were personal (79/155, 51%), vaping-warning community (37/155, 23.9%), and community (35/155, 22.6%), of which the vaping-warning community had the highest mean number of posts (3.68 posts/account). Pro-vaping user accounts had more followers (median 850) and media (median 232) than vaping-warning user accounts had (follower count: median 191; media count: 92). Pro-vaping posts had more “likes” (median 22) and hashtags (mean 20.39) than vaping-warning posts had (“like” count: median 12; hashtags: mean 7.16).

CONCLUSIONS

Instagram is dominated by pro-vaping content, and pro-vaping posts and user accounts seem to have more user engagement than vaping-warning accounts have. These results highlight the importance of regulating e-cigarette posts on social media and the urgency of identifying effective communication content and message delivery methods with the public about the health effects of e-cigarettes to ameliorate the epidemic of vaping in youth.
The Effects of the App HeartBot on Stress and Emotional Well-being over a 21-day Challenge: A survey study (Preprint)
Authors: Iyer Laya Balaji , Iyer Ranjani , Kumar Vetriliaa
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

HeartBot is an app designed to enable people 14 years and older to use Heartfulness tools to deal with daily stress and anxiety in a healthy, productive manner.

OBJECTIVE

Heartfulness tools have proven to be effective in a controlled environment when administered by a proctor, and this study will further explore its effectiveness.

METHODS

In this study, 88 participants were recruited and randomly sorted into two groups. These two groups consisted of the HeartBot intervention group (n=46) and the wait-listed control group (n=42). Pre and post surveys gained a measure of their stress levels, observed through PSS, and social-emotional well-being found through EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being before and after using the app for 21days. Data analysis was conducted using paired t-tests, Wilcox test, Kruskal test, epsilon squared, and ANOVA.

RESULTS

Descriptive analysis showed a statistically significant difference at pre and post-data on PSS and EPOCH scores showing a decrease in perceived stress and an improvement in emotional wellness in the HeartBot group.

CONCLUSIONS

Evidence from this study shows that HeartBot can be used by its users as an effective tool to manage stress and improve positive characteristics of emotional wellness.
Evaluation of the Design and Implementation of a Peer-To-Peer COVID-19 Contact Tracing Mobile App (COCOA) in Japan (Preprint)
Authors: Nakamoto Ichiro , Jiang Ming , Zhang Jilin , Zhuang Weiqing , Guo Yan , Jin Ming-Hui , Huang Yi , Tang Kuotai
Published: July 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

We evaluate a Bluetooth-based mobile contact-confirming app, COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application (COCOA), which is being used in Japan to contain the spread of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel virus termed SARS-COV-2. The app prioritizes the protection of users’ privacy from a variety of parties (eg, other users, potential attackers, and public authorities), enhances the capacity to balance the current load of excessive pressure on health care systems (eg, local triage of exposure risk and reduction of in-person hospital visits), increases the speed of responses to the pandemic (eg, automated recording of close contact based on proximity), and reduces operation errors and population mobility. The peer-to-peer framework of COCOA is intended to provide the public with dynamic and credible updates on the COVID-19 pandemic without sacrificing the privacy of their information. However, cautions must be exercised to address critical concerns, such as the rate of participation and delays in data sharing. The results of a simulation imply that the participation rate in Japan needs to be close 90% to effectively control the spread of COVID-19.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Palestinian Family: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Country-Level Online Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Abuzerr Samer
Published: July 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

It is imperative to take lessons from the current COVID-19 Pandemic situation and to ensure that governments and local institutions have the knowledge to improve their actions. The current community-based cross-sectional descriptive study aims to better understand and assess more fully the consequences that the present COVID-19 pandemic is having on the Palestinian family using a structured online questionnaire which was distributed through a social media platform (Facebook) between 29 April 2020 and 5 June 2020. A total of 570 adults aged 18 years or over participated in the study. The vast majority of the study participants 549 (96.3%) reported that water supplies were not always available in the home during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, paying attention to personal hygiene and home cleaning was more than usual before the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, following the onset of the pandemic, around three-fourths of the study participants, 417 (73.2%) reported that the containment measures of the COVID-19 pandemic have put an additional burden on their families. There was a clear limitation in people's movement after the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic. We suggest discussing the obtained results in focus groups with local and national stakeholders ensuring in knowledge translation towards the community.
Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Mental Health Of Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study Using GAD-7 And PHQ-9 Questionnaires (Preprint)
Authors: Filho Carlos Izaias
Published: July 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Aim: to evaluate anxiety and depression disorders among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: cross-sectional study of medical students conducted in May 2020 with questionnaires regarding social and demographic status and GAD-7 for anxiety and PHQ-9 for depression questionnaires.
Results: participated 340 (97.98%) students. Average GAD-7 score was 9.18 (M = 9.18; SD = 4.75); average PHQ-9 score was 12.72 (M = 12.72; SD = 6.62). Results indicate a positive significant relationship between GAD-7 and females, and social distancing affecting finances. Using cut-off score of 10 for GAD-7, 157 (46.17%) students were identified with moderated or severe symptoms of anxiety. For PHQ-9 score, using cut-off of 10, 219 (64.41%) students were identified with moderate or severe symptoms of depression; results indicate a positive significant relationship between PHQ-9 and females and between social distancing affecting finances.
Conclusion: analysis demonstrated a higher prevalence of moderated and severe anxiety and depression symptoms among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic, significantly among women and on medical students relating financial impairment related to COVID-19 pandemic.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1101/2020.06.24.20138925
After the Sun: Energy Use in Blue v. Green Water for Agriculture
Authors: Kehl Jenny R.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this article is to highlight the difference in energy consumption between using blue water versus green water for agriculture in areas where water-intensive crops are grown in water-scarce regions. It focuses on water and energy consumption for greening the desert in United States, the world’s largest grain producer. The analysis is limited to the three largest crops by volume and value; corn, cotton, and wheat, which generate billions of dollars for the economy and use billions of gallons of water each day. The primary methodology is to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to visually represent the comparative amounts of blue water and green water used to grow water-intensive crops in water-scarce regions, by statistically mapping levels of water stress overlaid with the amounts of blue water versus green water used. It exposes where energy-intensive water practices are occurring due to a high dependence on blue water for irrigation in agriculture. The article concludes by discussing strategies to improve energy efficiency and reduce the vulnerabilities associated with overdependence on blue water such as high energy costs, low energy security, and susceptibility to aquifer reduction and ground water depletion.
Fact-Checking en México. Análisis de la percepción del público de Verificado 2018
Authors: Galarza Molina Rocío Araceli
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo estudia la iniciativa de fact-checking en México, Verificado 2018, para establecer cuál fue la reacción del público ante el proyecto. Se realizó un análisis temático de comentarios publicados por lectores en la página de Verificado 2018 (N = 947). Los resultados indican que el público reconoce Verificado 2018 como un esfuerzo periodístico y lo contextualiza en un entorno de amenazas a la democracia. Por tanto, un sector del público manifiesta desconfianza en la iniciativa y otro celebra su utilidad. Además, en su interacción con Verificado 2018, las personas se involucraron como cocreadoras sugiriendo contenido por verificar. Esta investigación enfatiza el papel de la interpretación de la audiencia en la credibilidad y utilidad de un proyecto de verificación, así como en la búsqueda de soluciones ante el fenómeno de desinformación.
La influencia del rumor en la construcción de la agenda mediática de la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba
Authors: Gallego Ramos José Raúl , Anazco Ramos Félix
Published: July 2020

En el artículo se analiza la influencia del rumor en la construcción de la agenda mediática de la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba. Se identificaron y caracterizaron los rumores que alcanzaron relevancia en la agenda pública durante los meses de noviembre de 2013 a abril de 2014; también se estudió su empleo como fuente de información en los medios provinciales y las mediaciones que intervinieron en dicho proceso. Como técnicas de investigación, se emplearon la observación participante y no participante, la entrevista semiestructurada y el análisis de contenido cualitativo. El principal resultado que se pudo constatar fue la poca importancia que se le concede a los rumores en la construcción de la agenda de los medios del territorio debido a la mediación de factores de tipo individual, organizacional e ideológico.
Derecho de Acceso a la Información Pública y periodismo de datos. Posibilidades y limitaciones de su articulación
Authors: Gómez Wagner Celeste
Published: July 2020

El Derecho de Acceso a la Información Pública es relativamente reciente y se encuentra garantizado en la Argentina mediante la ley 27. 275 de 2016. Es considerado uno de los pilares centrales del funcionamiento democrático y presupone la existencia del Derecho a la Información. Sin embargo, la ciudadanía suele depositar en los periodistas y las empresas de medios su facultad para investigar, recibir y difundir informaciones e ideas. En el contexto de las transformaciones actuales de la prensa, este “mandato tácito” abre nuevos interrogantes. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar acerca de la ley de Derecho de Acceso a la Información Pública de la Argentina, en términos de sus posibilidades y limitaciones cuando es ejercida por el periodismo actual. Para ello realiza un abordaje descriptivo que recupera los lineamientos teóricos y la legislación vigente, así como el estado actual de su aplicación. Asimismo, describe una herramienta de aplicación de acceso a la información por parte del periodismo de datos: “El Abridor” (Chequeado.com). El artículo señala las posibilidades que inaugura ese tipo de prácticas periodísticas, pero advierte sobre su sobredimensionamiento, y resalta que es menester del Estado abonar a la efectiva democratización del Derecho de Acceso a la Información Pública.
Participación en cadenas globales de valor e industrias claves: evidencia de Puerto Rico
Authors: Rosa-Polanco Henry
Published: July 2020

Esta investigación mide por primera vez en la literatura el índice de participación hacia atrás en cadenas globales de valor de Puerto Rico y lo combina con un análisis de industrias claves, contribuyendo a cerrar la brecha de estudios empíricos de países latinoamericanos y del Caribe. La metodología emplea el modelo cuantitativo abierto del análisis insumo-producto a partir de las matrices totales de transacciones inter-industriales. Los resultados indican que Puerto Rico exhibe uno de los mayores índices relativos de participación hacia atrás en CGV cuando es comparado con 39 países de la OCDE. Sin embargo, en el último año considerado, el índice puertorriqueño experimenta la disminución relativa más grande, al caer 15 puntos porcentuales y situarse en la media de los pares latinoamericanos con los que se compara.
Public Deception as Ideological and Institutional Critique: On the Limits and Possibilities of Academic Hoaxing
Authors: Reilly Ian
Published: July 2020

Background Through an exploration of two influential academic hoaxes, the Sokal Affair and the “Grievance Studies” hoax, this article explores the constraints and possibilities of academic hoaxing in the articulation of institutional critique through a discussion of academic integrity and ethical forms of deception.

Analysis In this article, hoaxes are cast as operating on a continuum with other covert forms of deception in academic publishing (fraud, data fabrication, misconduct). Far from producing constructive outcomes, these interventions serve as flashpoints for stirring up discipline-based anxieties and ideologically motivated attacks.

Conclusion and implications These forms of public deception can illuminate how to reform or re-envision areas of academia that are compromising the health and vitality of academic research.
The Role of Trust in Argumentation
Authors: Dutilh Novaes Catarina
Published: July 2020

Argumentation is important for sharing knowledge and information. Given that the receiver of an argument purportedly engages first and foremost with its content, one might expect trust to play a negligible epistemic role, as opposed to its crucial role in testimony. I argue on the contrary that trust plays a fundamental role in argumentative engagement. I present a realistic social epistemological account of argumentation inspired by social exchange theory. Here, argumentation is a form of epistemic exchange. I illustrate my argument with two real-life examples: vaccination hesitancy, and the undermining of the credibility of traditional sources of information by authoritarian politicians.
US public diplomacy in the Republic of Cyprus 1974-2004
Authors: Danilov Alexey Vitalievich
Published: July 2020

The article covers the period of the development of public diplomacy of the United States of America in the Republic of Cyprus. The chronological framework is determined by the process of historical formation of the US public policy and the beginning of the active implementation of public diplomacy programs on the island as a means of fulfilling foreign policy tasks. The author points out that the political course of the leadership of the United States from the second half of the 20th century was focused on more active inclusion of the country in international politics and the rejection of isolationism, which was primarily reflected in the departure from the postulates of the Monroe Doctrine and the entry of the United States into the First World War. This, in turn, had a great influence on the development of public diplomacy in the United States as a tool to promote the interests of the country, the creation of the necessary information support for foreign policy actions of the state, as well as a favorable image of the United States in other countries. For a long time, the USA did not consider Cyprus as one of the priorities of its foreign policy in the Eastern Mediterranean. This was largely due to the fact that Cyprus was part of traditional interests of Great Britain. Washingtons involvement in Cyprus occurred after the events of 1974 and the following Cyprus crisis. The United States focused on the Cyprus problem in the face of growing destabilization of the Middle East, showing interest in the logistics and transport infrastructure, a kind of natural outpost on the southeastern borders of NATO.
The Buddhist factor in Oirat legislation
Authors: Kitinov Baatr
Published: July 2020

The legislative acts, adopted by the Oirad in the middle of the XVII - the middle of the XVIII centuries, proceeded from the real external and internal political situation, depended on the influence of religious and social conditions. Laws of 1640 should be recognized as the most universally recognized and authoritative ones, since they were supposed to strengthen the relations of the Oirad with the Eastern Mongols, the unity (mutual assistance and interaction) of the Oirad in the conditions of the collapse of their former (Middle) Confederation. But it was precisely the consequences of the disintegration that necessitated the development of new, more local versions of laws, that have been adopted in Jungar (Decrees of Galdan Boshogtu-khan), Qoshut (Mongolian code of Gushi-khan, Basic code of Kukunor chuulgan), and later in Kalmyk (Togtol) khanates. Despite the fact that the Buddhist factor is reflected in pointed legislative acts quite clearly, religion is represented on a larger scale especially in Qoshut ones, which should be explained by the proximity of Tibetan sacred authorities to Qoshut people (Kukunor region) and the role of Qoshut kings (rgyal po). Togtol laws, adopted by the Kalmyk ruler Donduk-Dashi, also supplemented Laws of 1640, and marked the formation of a special community grouped around certain sacred texts.
Organization of volunteer forces of the Ottoman Empire from representatives of the peoples of the North Caucasus during the Russian-Ottoman war of 1877-1878 on the Caucasus-Asia Minor Front
Authors: Pankin Vladimir A.
Published: July 2020

This article, based on a wide range of sources, primarily of foreign origin (Turkish, English, French and Austrian), examines the issue of an attempt by immigrants from the North Caucasus to integrate into Ottoman society by forming voluntary military units on the eve of and during the years of the Russian-Ottoman war of 1877-1878 The author conducted a study of issues that were practically not studied in domestic and world historiography related to the legislative support of the volunteer movement during the preparation of the armed forces for the expected military conflict with the Russian Empire, the number of formed military units from representatives of the peoples of the North Caucasus, their ethnicity, and command staff and a number of other issues, including uniforms of irregular parts of the Ottoman Empire, weapons and sources staffing. Based on an analysis of the sources available to us, the author concludes that the leadership of the Ottoman Empire is inevitable to seek help from the North Caucasus Muhajir, to form irregular cavalry units from them. The author also concludes that, for the conduct of hostilities on the Caucasus-Asia Minor Front, units formed from the peoples of the Central and Eastern Caucasus were sent: Dagestanis, Kabardins, Ossetians, Chechens and Kumyks, who, after resettlement from the Russian Empire, were settled by the Ottoman government in the territory Sivas and Erzurum vilayets, as well as Samsun (Djanik) sanjak.
Public-Private Partnership as an Effective Tool for Regional Marketing in Russia
Authors: Akhmetovaa Alima B. , Kakoev Elchin U.
Published: July 2020

The article is focused on a regional marketing and the study of the role of public-private partnership instruments in terms of the development of the regional infrastructure of Russia. Improving the investment climate is the main condition for the success of the socio-political and economic development of the state. The authors analyzed the current economic conditions and the consequences of sanctions against Russia, as well as the dependence of the economy on foreign direct investment. The paper considers the economic situation of the regions of the Russian Federation under the conditions of sanctions by Western countries in the formation of import substitution. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms and methods of economic policy of the central and regional authorities of Russia in the use of tools and methods of regional marketing on the example of public-private partnerships (PPP), which help to attract investment to the regions and to the country as a whole, allowing finding additional financing, improving the efficiency of public investments.
Development of Research Interest Among Undergraduate Students During the Preparation of Final Qualifying Work (VKR) on the Example of State and Municipal Administration Educational Program
Authors: Isaeva Irina E.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the characteristics of research interest and its development on the example of University students bachelors degree qualification, the analysis of publications of domestic and foreign authors on the subject, the factors contributing to the formation and development of research interest, its importance in the cognitive activity of the student and the results of its manifestation in the educational process of the University. The article is written on the basis of prolonged observations of students and interim results of these studies. In the analysis of the intermediate results involved the students themselves. The criteria of positive result of the development of research interest: the desire to continue learning in the magistracy, initiative and diligence in selecting topics and preparing the content of future scientific publications, participation in scientific conferences and competitions. Research interest is considered from the point of view of the continuing educational activities of the University student, is its qualitative characteristics, which confirms the perceived need of the student in independent scientific work. Currently, due to the current tasks of the students bachelors degree qualification with modern requirements to educational activities and rapidly changing conditions of modern life and the demands of implementation in the profession, creativity becomes a necessary component of cognitive activity and its specific directions. The article considers creativity as the main outcome of interest and the possibility of further professional development. The paper proposed specific measures in order to develop the research interest of the students bachelors degree qualification in the learning process highlighted the importance of qualifying work in the process of formation of key qualifications, including research activities.
The question of school language in multilingual societies: the example of Ghana
Authors: Appiah Samuel Opoku , Ardila Alfredo
Published: July 2020

The language used in school represents a crucial and polemic question in multilingual societies. Sub-Saharan Africa represents a world region with a significant linguistic diversity. Until recently, most of these countries were European colonies. During colonial times, the colonizer language generally dominated in schools. After their independence, many countries have continued using that language as the instructional language. It is observed that quite often, children are schooled in a second language, and teachers must teach in a foreign language. This situation results in potentially negative consequences affecting school learning. The specific example of Ghana is examined. It is pointed out that in Ghana during recent years frequent changes have been introduced in school language. Commonly, English is used as the primary school language. Because this association between language and school learning, speaking English provides not only significant social prestige, but also results in better working opportunities. The question of so-called “international schools” in Ghana is also examined; most of these schools do not teach any of the Ghanaian languages, but a foreign language, such as French, Spanish, or Portuguese. It is argued that these international schools may have adverse consequences on Ghanaian children who attend them. Ghana, however, has been a strong advocate of the so-called “African personality” and the use of English as the medium of instruction is in overt opposition to this ideology. It is concluded that children schooled in a second language, and teachers teaching in language that they do not master well enough may represent a potential barrier for the social, scientific, and economic development of sub-Saharan African countries, such as Ghana.
Studies of insomnia psychophysiological aspects and etiopathogenesis: Russian and foreign approaches
Authors: Kemstach Valeria V. , Korostovtseva Lyudmila S. , Alekhin Anatoly N. , Milovanova Anastasiya V. , Bochkarev Mikhail V. , Sviryaev Yurii V.
Published: July 2020

The authors describe two approaches to the classification of insomnia - one was presented in earlier works, the other is currently accepted in the medical scientific community. The following three models of the etiopathogenesis of insomnia are considered: a 3-P model that identifies predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors as the key ones in the development and chronicity of insomnia; a hyperarousal model that defines psychological and neurobiological hyperarousal as a factor contributing to the development of insomnia; and a sleep reactivity to stress model, according to which the pronounced premorbid sleep reactivity to stress increases the risk of developing insomnia. Hyperarousal and sleep reactivity to stress are supposed to be autonomous yet equally predisposing factors of insomnia which act reciprocally and can simultaneously contribute to the development of stress-induced insomnia. It is noteworthy that the clinical usefulness of the sleep reactivity to stress model can extend beyond the preliminary assessment of the risk of insomnia development and be used for screening patients in remission who may be at increased risk of recurrence in future and should receive supportive treatment to minimise this risk. At present, it remains unclear whether hyperarousal is the core of the disorder, its cause, risk factor, or epiphenomenon. Further investigations are required to clarify the psychological and biological basis of chronic insomnia and confirm its current theoretical and conceptual models.
Principles of constructed wetlands designing
Authors: Rybka Kseniia Y. , Shchegolkova Nataliia M.
Published: July 2020

Constructed wetlands (CW) - shallow surfaces or subsurface water bodies, planted with higher aquatic plants and designed to treat wastewater - have been actively used in world practice for the last decades. There are no universal principles for designing such systems, so for each combination of landscape (in which a CW is located) and the quality of wastewater, an individual type of CW is selected. The article provides an overview of the principles adopted in the world for calculating the main technological parameters of CWs (choice of the type of CW, calculation of the area of CW, the residence time of the water in the system, the choice of filtering medium, etc.) developed on the basis of numerous functioning objects. The recommendations given in the article are applicable for small and mediumsized CWs intended for the treatment of domestic, storm and agricultural wastewater.
Effect of firing temperature waste from water treatment on sorption characteristics of petroleum products
Authors: Shaikhiev Ildar G. , Shumkova Irina N. , Sverguzova Svetlana V. , Sapronova Zhanna A.
Published: July 2020

The article reflects the results of research on the influence of roast temperature of water treatment waste obtained from drinking water generation (at the water treatment plant in Nizhnekamsk, Republic of Tatarstan) for sorption characteristics for native and used oil products - oils 5W40, 15W40 and И-20А. The methods of instrumental and computational means of research are presented. Differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry of water treatment waste were performed. The graphs of the influence of roast temperature on the aqueous extract pH value, maximum oil capacity and water absorption were constructed. It was found that at high temperatures, the decomposition of organic compounds with formation of carbon black occurs. It increases the maximum oil capacity in dynamic and static conditions in water and water absorption. It is determined that the best adsorption indicators are achieved for a sample of water treatment waste subjected to heat treatment at 600 C.
Economic aspects birds of prey usage as bird control operation
Authors: Kuznetsova Irina N. , Sergeev Sergey A. , Enaleev Ildar R.
Published: July 2020

Birds attracted to citys waste landfills represent a significant hazard and additional inconvenience to people. It is necessary to understand not only the reasons for which birds enter the given territory, but also the economic components of the scaring process. The article analyzes the results of bird control management work at several waste management facilities. Based on these calculations, its possible to determine of costs level and select the optimal model for the work of specialists in bird scaring.
Motives of Home and Homelessness in the Novel by F.M. Dostoevsky “The Brothers Karamazov”
Authors: Yeleussizova Meruert B.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the complex motive home-antidome in the work of F. Dostoevsky The Brothers Karamazov. Studying the motive as a key unit of narratology, the author comes to the conclusion that in Dostoevskys poetry a special role is played by antinomic motives, the multidirectional semantic potential of which contributes to the complexity of the poetic dialectic of the writer. Thus, the motive of the home in Dostoevskys novel is inextricably linked with the motives of homelessness, wandering, the search for the place in the world by the heroes of the novel. Each of the heroes of the novel is a bearer of the motive function of home. The image of old Karamazov is associated with the idea of desacralizing the house as an intimate, family space. Each of the brothers is in a transit situation, not having, according to the thesis of Yu.M. Lotman, fastening to a certain topos. Homelessness becomes for heroes of the work the starting point of a spiritual search. Using the methods of linguistic-poetic and literary analysis, the author of the article concludes that the motives of the anti-home in the Brothers Karamazov novelty explicate the writers idea of a person and his place in the world, and in a broader sense, of the past and future of Russia, which has lost touch with previous generations and faith in God.
Addressing God in European languages: Different meanings, different cultural attitudes
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna
Published: July 2020

All European languages have a word for God, and this word means exactly the same in all of them. However, speakers of different European languages tend to relate to God in different ways. Each group has its own characteristic ways of addressing God, encoded in certain words, phrases and grammatical forms, which both reflect and shape the speakers’ habitual ways of thinking about God and relating to God. Often, they also reflect some other aspects of their cultural memory and historical experience. In this paper I will compare the meanings of the vocative expressions used for addressing God in several European languages, including “Gospodi” in Russian, “O God” in English, “Mon Dieu” in French, “Herr” in German, and “Boże” in Polish. But to compare those meanings, we need a common measure. I believe such a common measure is available in the “NSM” framework, from Natural Semantic Metalanguage (see e.g. Goddard and Wierzbicka, 2014; Wierzbicka 2014a and 2018a; Gladkova and Larina 2018a, b). The data is taken mainly from well-known works of literature, such as Lev Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina and Boris Pasternak’s poem “V bol’nice” (“In Hospital”) for Russian, Charles Peguy’s Le mystère de la charité de Jeanne d’Arc and its English translation by Julien Green for French and English, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s prison poems and Heinrich Böll’s novel Billard um halbzehn for German. The results have shown that each European language offers its users a range of options for addressing God. Some of these options are shared, others appear to be unique to the language. All are underpinned by broader historical phenomena. The exact nature of all these links remains to be investigated.
Effect Of Structured Exercises For Achilles Tendon Tightness In Spastic Cerebral Palsy Children.
Authors: Sangeeta A. Yadav  , Dr. Namrata Kadam
Published: July 2020

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a common disorder of posture and movement caused by a non-progressive injury to the developing brain. Based on the degree of brain lesion the child can have hemiplegia , spastic diplegia or even total cerebral palsy Achilles tendon spasticity, weakness, or contracture in these conditions may lead to gait abnormalities. Achilles tendon plays an important role in performing plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the ankle. The objective of this study was to find out the effect of structured exercises for Achilles tendon tightness prevailing in spastic cerebral palsy children. A total 34 subjects was   selected for the study. Inclusion and exclusion crieteria were used to select the children for the study. Children of ages between 2 to 6 years of both sex were also considered for the study. The subjects who were not included in the study were those not willing to participate, individual’s history of acute trauma or with any congenital musculoskeletal problems, previous surgery or pain in the lower limbs, Vision and hearing problems and Cardio-respiratory problems. Demographic data, assent and consent was taken from the child and their parents, respectively and the explanation of the study was given. Pre and post assessment was taken on the basis of Tardieu scale before and after 16 sessions of the treatment respectively. Each session was of 45 mins and was started with warm exercises and then functional exercises were carried out. Later evaluation and interpretation of the data was done. The study revealed that there was significant effect of structured exercises for Achilles tendon tightness in subjects with spastic cerebral palsy. The structured exercise for Achilles tendon tightness was very effective in improving the gait and strength of the spastic cerebral palsy children.
Patients Perception and Knowledge on Dispensed Drugs: A Cross Sectional Study in Riyadh
Authors: Renad Mohammed Sadek  , Razan AL-Faifi  , Muhra Al-Qahtani1  , Munifah Alanizi  , Arwa Sultan  , Jowharah Awwad  , Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
Published: July 2020

Patient’s knowledge of medicines and perception on health care services are paramount for high quality patient care. Despite their importance, there is lack of credible research reported from Riyadh city of Saudi Arabia to ascertain the present  status  on  these  issues.  Therefore,  current  research  was  designed  to  elucidate  the  patients’  perception  and knowledge on dispensed drugs in Riyadh Hospitals through a cross sectional study. A validated pre-tested questionnaire was used to check the knowledge and perception level of 247 patients visiting outpatient's pharmacies of different hospitals of Riyadh city during September to December 2018. The data obtained was analyzed by appropriate statistical tests using SPSS-IBM 23 statistical application. Most of the participants of the current study were in an age group of 16-35 years (64%) with 57% of them was graduates and (48%) were married. Further, 69% of them were employed and most of them (47%) were earning income ranging from 8000 to 15000 SAR/month. Furthermore, 86% of the surveyors were Saudi nationals, 91% were Riyadh city residents and 99.5% were Arabic speakers. Statistical analysis found a significant association between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge level as well as their perception on health services such as pharmacists interaction, attitude, politeness and their knowledge. Most of the participants had an average to good knowledge on their dispensed drugs. In addition, we noted that there is a significant association between sociodemographic characteristics of patients and their perception  on the health services which influence  the patient's overall knowledge  on their dispensed drugs.  In  conclusion,  the  patient’s  knowledge  on  their  dispensed  medicines  depends  on  factors  associated  with  both patients and health care providers and good interaction between them increases the quality of health care services.
Development And Validation Of Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method For Determination Of Doravirine In Human Plasma Samples
Authors: Banothu Bhadru  , V.Venkata Rao  , Suryadevara Vidyadhara
Published: July 2020

Doravirine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for use in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay method has been proposed for the determination of Doravirine in human plasma samples using Delavirdine as internal standard (IS). Analyte and the IS were extracted from the 100 µL of K2 EDTA human plasma by Solid Phase extraction (SPE). The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zodiac C18 column by using a mixture of Methanol and 0.1%  formic acid buffer (85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The calibration curve obtained was linear (r2-0.99) over the concentration range of 0.15 – 40.4 ng/mL. The Mass detection of Doravirine involves m/z-426.5 (parent) and 112.5 (product) and Delavirdine involves m/z - 457.2 (parent) and 362.1 (product) as internal standard in Positive ion mode. Method validation was performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The intra-day and inter-day precision (%CV) and accuracy results in three validation batches across six concentration levels were well within the acceptance limits. A run time of 2.00 min for each sample made it possible to analyze  more  number  of  samples  in  short  time,  thus  increasing  the  productivity. The assay was found to be sensitive, selective and reproducible.