bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The eating habits of men and women in adolescence
Authors: Lovrenović Mirjana , Grujić Igor , Grujić Radoslav , Gojković Vesna
Published: November 2017

The period of adolescence is characterized by rapid physical, biological and social changes, which is reflected in a specific daily rhythm of work, behavior and diet. Diet of adolescents is characterized by eating large amounts of fast food. Social changes of population that have occurred in recent years affect the behavior of adolescents and their eating habits. The aim of the research in this paper was to determine the attitude of high school students from several towns in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) toward eating and consumption of fast food as food products that are commonly found in their menu. In this paper, a survey is conducted among high school students of both sexes aged between 15 and 18. The survey included 12 questions that can be classified into two groups: knowledge of fast food and eating habits.Half of the interviewees (49.73%) believe that there is no particular reason for choosing fast food, while one-third (33.78%) choose this kind of food products because of their taste. 51.60% is careful about the amount of fast food that they eat. Over half of the interviewees (58.09%) do not have a reason to give up consuming fast food, and 31, 58% do it so because they think that this diet is harmful to health.For breakfast 19,11% of the interviewees eat croissants and buns, sandwiches or candies that they buy on their way to school. During and after meals 33.62% of the interviewees usually drink water, and 21.53% drink refreshing fizzy drinks or fruit juices (21.02% of responses). The amount of fizzy drinks that the interviewees drink during the day goes from one glass (30,09%) to 2-3 glasses (24.7%). The interviewed students mostly like eating meat and vegetables (37.82%), fruit (23.06%), but they do not like eating vegetarian dishes (31.04%), strongly flavored dishes (18.07% ) and meatless dishes (17.24%).
Procedure zdravstvene nege pacijenta sa opekotinskom traumom / Procedures health care of the patient with burns trauma
Authors: Tatomir Jovanka
Published: November 2017

The burns are tissue damage caused under the influence of pathogenic amounts of heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation of different bodies.Etiological factors generally can be divided into four groups: thermal, chemical, electrical and radiation burns.Tissue damage is directly related to high temperature and length of exposure to harmful agents. The higher the temperature and longer works, the damage was more severe. Etiologic agents can cause minor injuries in the form of erythema of the skin, and severe destruction of body parts or the whole organism. System changes occur and are particularly pronounced in severely burned patients. These are patients with more than 25% body surface area burned, regardless of the depth, electrical burns, subdermal burns over 10% of body surface area burned with associated lung injuries, fractures, contusions, wounds, diseases previously. The burns are the most serious violations of the organism due to the involvement of almost all organs and systems. Extensive burns are therefore called and burns disease.The treatment of burned patients conducted team with a multidisciplinary approach. The nurse is an integral part of the team. The treatment of burns consists of first aid, general medical and surgical treatment. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is applied in extensive burns. The main aim of local treatment of the disposal of burned area.Nursing care of the patient with burns trauma is of particular importance for the outcome of the treatment and prevention of complications. Nursing process involves numerous and complex medical-technical intervention, such as: continuous monitoring of vital functions; daily dressing wounds, with the absolute application of the principles of aseptic techniques; taking laboratory analysis; placement of a urinary catheter connected to a closed drainage system, to be followed hour diuresis; placement central venous catheter, peripheral venous catheters; taking blood cultures and urine culture with the aim of diagnosis of septic states.
Self-assessment of the level of disparaging (discrimination) of Intravenous drugs addicts in Novi Sad by health workers // Samoprocena nivoa omalovažavanja (diskriminacije) intravenskih narkomana u Novom Sadu od strane zdravstvenih radnika
Authors: Babin Bojana , Đurić Predrag
Published: November 2017

In 1969, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the following definition of the drug: “Drugs are any substance that, inserted into the body, can modify one or more functions.” The main goal of our research was to self-assess the level of discrimination by injecting drug users by medical personnel. A cross-section study was conducted, which included respondents using psychoactive substances (PAS) injecting from the Novi Sad area involved in the preventive program of the NGO “Entuzijazam mladih protiv narkomanije-Prevent”. Respondents completed a questionnaire of 27 questions, 21 questions of closed type, and 5 open types.The research involved 100 respondents (16 women and 64 men). The respondents most frequently used marijuana (100% of respondents), heroin 97%, cocaine in 31% compared to the total number of respondents. 40% of respondents experienced discrimination by a general practitioner simply because they use PAS, 28.6% of respondents experience a discrimination by dentists; 22.6% of respondents have an experience of discrimination by doctors of other specialties only because they use PAS. 56% of respondents in our sample know that the Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination has been passed.People who use PAS by injecting a young person come into contact with the PAS and begin to consume it, at the age of 16. PAS users stated that they were discriminated against by general practitioners, dentists and doctors of other specialties.
Suppresion of women in modern society – socio-economic aspects
Authors: Vilić Dragana
Published: November 2017

Along with creating the conditions for progress and emancipation of womenin society, they developed the instruments and methods of preventing theexercise of these conditions. Although it is evident legally equating womenwith men in all spheres of life in modern society there are various forms ofself-suppression of women (psychological, economic, cultural, acceptance ofwomen “without rebellion” of values and rules that are set by men and thelike.). Th e increasing presence of women in the public sphere, their subjugation,discrimination and subordination are moved from private to publicsphere - (in) ability to access public services, employment, wage levels andthe like. Th e causes of this suppression are, usually, in the character of socialrelations - are still rooted in the patriarchal patterns - the imposition of“masculine” principles and rules of everyday life which suppress women fromimportant segments of social relations.
Stigma and Identity
Authors: Plavšić Divna , Nišić Vanja
Published: November 2017

Th e word “stigma” and its original meaning have their origins in ancientGreece. For them, the term was meant for the mark on the body, which pointedto some shortcomings of personality that was characterized by it. Stigma is referredto a situation in which an individual is not fully accepted by society. Th ebook Stigma (Erving Goff man) explores the relationship when the stigmatizedand the normal people are in the same social situation, ie. when they are gearedto one another, either through conversation or meeting or are only found in thesame particular situation. Erving Goff man seeks to explain in this book theposition of stigmatized people in society, citing the examples of people who arein any way rejected in society. Th e term stigma is used to indicate a feature thatis deeply discrediting.
Razlike u razvojnim karakteristikama i telesnom sastavu učenika i džudista
Authors: Sinanović Jusuf , Ilić Igor , Ilić Hadži Saša
Published: November 2017

Fizička aktivnost i sport igraju sve važniju ulogu u pravilnom rastu i razvoju, uz optimalno održavanje telesne mase i masnog tkiva. Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrđivanje razlike u antropometrijskim karakteristikama, body mass index-u, procentu i količini masti kod učenika osnovnih škola i džudista Tutina starih 10 godina. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku 43 učenika i 10 džudista starosti 10 godina iz Tutina. Rezultati su pokazali da nema statistički značajne razlike u razvojnim karakteristikama izuzev obima trbuha (p= .05) čije vrednosti kod džudista iznose 62,9 cm, a kod učenika 67,7 cm.Vrednosti body mass index-a kod učenika iznose 17,7±3,05 kg/m2 a kod džudista 17,9±3,01 kg/m2. Vrednosti masti u procentima i apsolutnim vrednostima ukazuju da su statistički značajno veće kod učenika u odnosu na džudiste na nivou značajnosti (p= .00).
Struktura motoričkog prostora fudbalera kadetskog uzrasta
Authors: Lolić Vidosav , Bajrić Osmo , Lolić Dejan
Published: November 2017

Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 88 ispitanika uzrasne dobi 13 do 14 godina, koji aktivno treniraju fudbal i nastupaju za svoje klubove i to: FK »Borac« , FK »BSK«, FK »Vrbas« FK »Naprijed« i FK »Omladinac« svi iz Banja Luke.U istraživanju je primijenjen skup od deset varijabli za procjenu bazičnih motoričkih sposobnosti koji hipotetski pokrivaju prostor eksplozivne i repetitivne snage, brzine i aerobne izdržljivosti. Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrđivanje latentne strukture bazičnih motoričkih sposobnosti ispitanika fudbalera kadetskog uzrasta.Za utvrđivanje latentne strukture primijenjenih bazičnih motoričkih sposobnosti primijenjena je faktorska analiza.Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata faktorske analize može se konstatovati da su u prostoru bazičnih motoričkih sposobnosti kod ispitivanog uzorka ispitanika ekstrahovane (izolovane) četiri latentne dimenzije (faktora) koje se definišu kao faktor eksplozivne snage, faktor sprinterske brzine, faktor repetitivne snage i faktor aerobne izdržljivosti.
Odnos funkcionalno-motoričkih kapaciteta i njihov uticaj na specifična kretanja u elitnom ženskom kadetskom fudbalu // The Relationship Between Functional Motor Capacities and Their Influence on the Specific Movements in Elite Cadet Female Soccer
Authors: Idrizović Kemal , Pavlović Ratko , Vasiljević Ivan , Pejović Željko
Published: November 2017

Osnovni cilj ove studije je bio da se procijeni međusobni odnos, povezanost funkcionalno-motoričkih kapaciteta aerobna izdržljivost, brzinska izdržljivost, startno ubrzanje, maksimalna brzina trčanja, brzina trčanja, agilnost i eksplozivna snaga elitnih fudbalerki kadetkinja, kao i njihov uticaj na realizaciju specifičnih fudbalskih kretnih struktura.Uzorak ispitanica za ovo istraživanje je je bio sačinjen od 21 igračice U17 Fudbalske reprezentacije Crne Gore. Testiranje je sprovedeno tokom redovnog okupljanja reprezentativki u periodu zimske pauze u sezoni 2012/2013. godine. Navedene fiziološke karakteristike su testirane testovima: Yo Yo intermitentni test oporavka (nivo1), sprint 10 m iz stojećeg stava, sprint 20 m leteći start, sprint 30 m stojeći stav, slalom trčanje, 300 jardi, skok iz čučnja sa pripremom, i skok udalj s mjesta, dok su specifična fudbalska kretanja, kao kriterijum, procjenjivana testom slalom sa loptom.Ovom studijom je utvrđeno da rezultati svih primijenjenih testova međusobno značajno koreliraju, odnosno imaju statistički značajnu povezanost. Takav slučaj se nije desio samo kod korelacionih koeficijenata koji su izračunati za test skok iz čučnja sa pripremom, koji je značajnu povezanost imao samo sa testom 300 jardi (r=-.51, p ˂ .05). Ovom studijom je takođe utvrđeno da ovakav sistem pokazatelja fizioloških potencijala ima statistički značajan uticaj na kvalitet realizacije specifičnih fudbalskih kretnih struktura (R2=.73, p ˂ .05), dok je od svih nezavisnih pokazatelja samo test slalom trčanje imao statistički značajnu predikciju kriterijumskog rezultata u testu slalom sa loptom (β=.65, p ˂ .05).
Putničke agencije kao činilac razvoja biciklističkog turizma na vršačkim planinama // Travel Agencies as a Factor of Cycling Tourism Development on the Mountain of Vršac
Authors: Vujko Aleksandra , Plavša Jovan , Ostojić Natalija
Published: November 2017

Biciklizam je danas veoma atraktivna sportsko-rekreativna aktivnost koja zaokuplja milione neposrednih učesnika. Bilo da je reč o takmičarskom sportu (profesionalnom ili amaterskom), ekstremnom ili rekreativnom biciklizmu, njegova uloga u turizmu može biti od izuzetnog značaja. Sagledavajući biciklizam u kontekstu zdravog načina života, aktivnog odmora i rekreacije, uočava se širok programski obuhvat koji doprinosi razvoju turizma i turističkih destinacija. Vršačke planine predstavljaju veoma interesantno područje za razvoj biciklističkog turizma na području Vojvodine, posebno sa aspekta kreiranja tematskih biciklističkih staza (vinska biciklistička staza, etno biciklističaka staza, i drugo). Za sada ne postoji jasno definisana ponuda biciklističkog turizma na ovom prostoru kao deo ukupnog turističkog proizvoda Vojvodine. Empirijsko istraživanje koje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 10 putničkih agencija u Vršcu imalo je za cilj da detektuje osnovne uzroke nepostojanja ponude za biciklistički turizam na području Vršačkih planina. Primenom Survay metoda došlo se do podataka o organizacionim činiocima koji utiču na razvoj i funkcionisanje ovog vida selektivnih oblika turizma.
Utjecaj bazično-motoričkih sposobnosti nogometaša na situaciono-motoričke sposobnosti // Influence of Basic- Kinesthetic Abilities Footbal Players on Situational- Kinesthetic Abilities
Authors: Hadžić Ekrem , Guzina Bojan
Published: November 2017

Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrđivanje utjecaja motoričkih sposobnosti nogometaša/fudbalera (kao prediktorskog skupa varijabli) na situaciono-motoričku spremnost nogometaša/fudbalera (kao kriterijskog skupa varijabli). Problem koji se tretira u ovom istraživanju odnosi se na utvrđivanje utjecaja nekih latentnih antropoloških dimenzija bazično-motoričkih sposobnosti (brzine, eksplozivne snage i agilnosti) na situaciono-motoričke sposobnosti nogometaša (baratanje loptom, brzina vođenja lopte i snaga udarca po lopti). Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 64 nogometaša iz četiri nogometna kluba sa područja Tuzlanskog kantona koji se takmiče u Drugoj ligi FBiH, grupa „Sjever“. Za utvrđivanje utjecaja sistema bazično-motoričkih sposobnosti na rezultate situaciono-motoričkih sposobnosti nogometaša primijenjena je multipla regresiona analiza. Rezultati istraživanja govore: Na osnovu prikazanih rezultata vidimo da su se kao značajni prediktori pokazale varijable MBFTAP – taping rukom, MAGOSS – osmica sa sagibanjem i MFE20V – trčanje na 20 m visokim startom. Varijable segmentarne brzine i agilnosti su pokazale značajan utjecaj. Ti prostori čine i osnovu motorike, i ovi prostori motorike su vrlo bitni za adekvatno izvođenje bilo kakvih kretnih struktura kako u nogometu tako i u ostalim kineziološkim aktivnostima. Varijabla MFE20V – trčanje na 20 m visokim startom, koja se također pokazala kao značajan prediktor, a u kriterijskom skupu varijabli imamo varijable za procjenu snage udarca po lopti, i za ostvarenje boljih rezultata u ovim situaciono-motoričkim sposobnostima je bitna eksplozivna snaga. Na osnovu rezultata dobivenih primjenjenim statističkim metodama za multivarijantnu analizu podataka (regresiona analiza), možemo konstatovati da je utjecaj osnovnih bazično-motoričkih sposobnosti (brzine, eksplozivne snage i agilnosti) na situacono-motoričke sposobnosti (baratanje loptom, brzina vođenja lopte i snaga udarca po lopti) značajan.
Prognostički kvaliteti eurofit baterije motoričkih testova u odnosu na specifične strukture kretanja u sportskim igrama // Forcasting Quality of Eurofit Battery in Motor Tests as Related to Specific Movement Structures in Sports Disciplines
Authors: Bajrić Osmo , Srdić Velibor
Published: November 2017

Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 120 ispitanika-učenika Mješovite srednje tehničke škole u Travniku, uzrasne dobi 15 do 16 godina. Svi učenici koji su predstavljali uzorak ispitanika redovno su pohađali nastavu tjelesnog i zdravstvenog odgoja u toku školske godine, bez izraženih motoričkih i psihičkih aberacija. U istraživanju je primijenjena Eurofit baterija motoričkih testova, definisanih kao prediktorski skup varijabli i skup od dvanaest varijabli za procjenu usvojenosti specifičnih struktura kretanja u sportskim igrama svedenih na prvu glavnu komponentu, definisanih kao kriterij.Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrđivanje statističke značajnosti i veličina relativnih uticaja Eurofit baterije motoričkih testova, kao prediktora na nivo usvojenosti specifičnih struktura kretanja u sportskim igrama, definisanih kao kriterij. Za utvrđivanje statističke značajnosti i veličine relativnih uticaja Eurofit baterije motoričkih testova na nivo usvojenosti specifičnih struktura kretanja u sportskim igrama (košarka, rukomet, odbojka i nogomet) svedenih na prvu glavnu komponentu primijenjena je linearna regresiona analiza. Rezultati regresione analize ukazuju na visok prognostički kvalitet Eurofit baterije motoričkih testova na kvalitet realizacije specifičnih struktura kretanja u sportskim igrama (košarka, rukomet, odbojka i nogomet), a najznačajniji prognostičke kvalitete ostvarili su testovi snage u svim njenim manifestacijama, testovi segmentarne brzine, testovi agilnosti i opšte izdržljivosti.Dobijeni rezultati mogu biti od koristi izvođačima nastave tjelesnog i zdravstvenog odgoja kao dobra osnova kvalitetnijeg programiranja nastavnih sadržaja sportskih igara, odabira nastavnih sredstava, praćenja i kontrole efekata nastavnih sadržaja na antropološki status učenika, kao i objektivnog vrednovanja i ocjenjivanja postignutih rezultata u nastavnom procesu.
Workload Impact on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Growth / Uticaj radnog opterećenja na razvoj sindroma karpalnog tunela
Authors: Banjanin Žani , Šormaz Ljubomir , Pešević Pajčin Jadranka , Amidžić Snježana
Published: November 2017

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compression neuropathy that affects 3 to 6% of people in the general population. It represents one of the most significant health and financial problems in the working population. Our study included 98 patients. The women were 77 (78.6%) and men 21 (21.4%). Age has averaged 52 ± 11.1 years. The respondents were employed in sectors of the economy in jobs at high risk for the occurrence of CTS: agriculture and livestock breeding, services, construction, food production and public administration. The respondents were subject of a detailed physical examination and electromyoneurographic tests (EMG) to confirm the diagnosis and level of neurogenic damage. It was found that the hypotrophy and weakness of thenar muscle and a positive Phalen’s sign showed statistically highly significant difference in relation to the level of neurogenic lesions.
Odnos posturalnog statusa stopala i eksplozivne snage nogu adolescenata / Relation Between the Postural Feet Status and Explosive Strength of Lower Extremities in Adolescents
Authors: Protić-Gava Branka , Šćepanović Tijana , Kojić Milan
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the manifestation of explosive strength of legs and pelvis girdle regarding the degree of drooping medial arch of the feet and also according to gender differences. The research covered 90 respondents (45 males and 45 females), from the Secondary School Economics in Novi Sad, aged 15 ± 0.5. The status of the foot arch was determined by using the clinical method, and the explosive strength by motoric tests of standing long jump and triple jump. For identifying the differences, One-Factor Analysis of Variance was used, χ2 - test and Student t - test for independent samples, at the final degree of p≤0.00. Statistically significant differences were identified between the respondents with good and extremely poor foot status (p≤0.00) and the respondents with poor foot status (p≤0.000). Also, when it comes to gender, there were statistically significant differences in foot arch status and both motor tests (χ2=9.867; p≤0.007).
Strategies to Help Patients Navigate High Prescription Drug Costs
Authors: Lalani Hussain S. , Hwang Catherine S. , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Rome Benjamin N.
Published: October 2024

Importance

In the US, many patients struggle to afford prescription drugs, leading to adverse health outcomes. To improve cost-related medication nonadherence, prescribers and clinical staff must understand how to assist patients in overcoming high prescription drug costs.

Observations

We reviewed the benefits and limitations of 7 strategies to help patients afford prescription drugs: co-payment cards, patient assistance programs, pharmacy coupons, direct-to-consumer pharmacies, public assistance programs, international online pharmacies, and real-time prescription benefit tools. We created an algorithm to help clinicians identify appropriate strategies based on a patient’s health insurance and the type of drug (brand-name vs generic). For example, co-payment cards can lower out-of-pocket costs for privately insured patients taking brand-name prescription drugs. For uninsured individuals or those with public insurance like Medicare Part D who meet financial eligibility criteria, patient assistance or public assistance programs may be available. All patients, regardless of health insurance, can forgo insurance and purchase drugs directly using pharmacy coupons or direct-to-consumer pharmacies, which sometimes offer lower prices for generic drugs compared to insurance. For insured patients, such purchases do not count toward insurance deductibles or annual out-of-pocket maximums. Online international pharmacies provide a last resort for patients in need of brand-name drugs who lack affordable domestic options. Increasingly, prescribers can use real-time prescription drug benefit tools to estimate patient out-of-pocket costs and identify alternative lower-cost treatments for insured patients, but these tools can be inaccurate or incomplete.

Conclusions and Relevance

The current patchwork of strategies to help patients manage high prescription drug costs highlights the structural and policy challenges within the US prescription drug market that impede affordable access for some patients. While these strategies provide tangible solutions for clinicians to help patients access medically appropriate but costly medications, they do not address the root causes of high drug prices.
Strategies to Help Patients Afford Their Medicines in the US
Authors: Walter Kristin L.
Published: October 2024

This JAMA Patient Page outlines 7 strategies that patients can use to respond to high prescription drug costs in the US.
Trends in Cancer Incidence and Potential Associated Factors in China
Authors: Li Mandi , Hu Meijing , Jiang Lin , Pei Jiao , Zhu Cairong
Published: October 2024

Importance

Timely analysis of cancer incidence trends is crucial for cancer prevention and control, which is a public health priority in China.

Objective

To estimate incidence trends for 32 cancers in China from 1983 to 2017 and project changes to 2032, assessing distinct changes due to risk factors and an aging population.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study used data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database (1983-2017). New cases of 32 cancers were collected. Data were analyzed from October 15, 2023, to May 23, 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Age-standardized incidence rate (AIR) standardized to the World Health Organization World Standard Population, average annual percentage changes (AAPC) using joinpoint regression, and percentage change due to aging and risk factors, using Møller decomposition analysis, stratified by cancer and sex.

Results

A total of 3 677 027 new cancer cases (54.9% male, 45.1% female) were included in the analysis. Increased AIRS were observed for 11 cancers in males and 14 in females from 1983 to 2017, with trends expected to continue until 2032. Thyroid cancer showed the highest increase (AAPC: 7.82% in males; 95% CI, 6.92%-10.38%; 8.59% in females; 95% CI, 7.84%-10.42%), followed by prostate (4.71%; 95% CI, 3.12%-9.95%) and kidney (3.61%; 95% CI, 3.11%-5.82%) cancers in males, and cervical (4.43%; 95% CI, 3.36%-9.44%) and kidney (3.66%; 95% CI, 2.98%-6.86%) cancers in females. The AIRs of lung cancer tended to decrease in males but increase in females during 1983-2017. In contrast, the AIRs of stomach, liver, larynx, and nose and sinuses cancers decreased from 1983 to 2032. From 2018 to 2032, cancer cases were projected to increase primarily due to risk factors for 18 cancers in males and 11 in females, while aging would be associated with the increase in other cancers.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this population-based cohort study of incident cancer in the general population, the cancer landscape in China is evolving, with an increasing incidence primarily due to risk factors in 20 cancers and aging in others. Primary prevention efforts to reduce risk exposure are crucial, and further basic research is needed. Additionally, second prevention efforts are imperative to improve cancer survival, particularly among older individuals.
Toward Sustainable Lifelong Learning: Feedforward Effects of Challenge Recollections on Adult Learning Identity
Authors: Qi Ziyu , Lyndgaard Sibley F. , Melkers Julia E. , Kanfer Ruth
Published: October 2024

Little research has examined how prior learning experiences influence adult learning attitudes and lifelong learning engagement. We adopted a person‐centric approach to examine past work‐related learning experiences and assessed the effects of recalled challenges on current learning attitudes, intentions, and behavior in the same domain. Surveying alumni from an online master's degree program, we found that recollected challenges from past learning entail multifaceted challenge foci (e.g., curriculum‐related vs. social obstacles). Learners reporting more challenges in curriculum and social dimensions reported less positive attitudes toward lifelong learning, supporting the notion that negative learning experiences may hinder the development of self‐identity as a lifelong learner. Limited support was obtained for predictions about relationships between past challenges and post‐graduation learning intentions and behavior. The person‐centric approach also permits the analysis of past learning experiences that are not well captured by standard assessments of “successful” adult learning.
Prefer‐Oriented Ag2Se Crystal for High‐Performance Thermoelectric Cooling
Authors: Jiang Feng , Lin Chenhao , Cheng Jinxuan , Yu Hulei , Zhou Yifan , Ma Xiaojing , Wu Longzhi , Ye Sheng , Chen Jiang , Zhi Shizhen , Xu Yao , Zhao Peng , Wang Xiaodong , Cao Feng , Zhang Qian , Mao Jun
Published: October 2024

Ag2Se‐based materials with promising room‐temperature thermoelectric performance have been known for decades. However, thermoelectric cooling devices based on bulk Ag2Se have seldom been reported, mainly due to the phase transition ≈400 K poses a grand challenge for leg design and module integration. Herein, Ag2Se crystals with the preferred orientation have been prepared. A high carrier mobility of ≈1846 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a power factor of ≈31.2 µW cm−1 K−2 at room temperature has been realized, and results in a zT of ≈0.95 at 300 K. Importantly, by applying Ag as the contact layer, the Ag/Ag2Se/Ag joint has been prepared by one‐step sintering. By maintaining the pressure of ≈10 MPa after sintering and during the reflow soldering, the deleterious effect of the large thermal expansion can be alleviated. The contact resistance of the Ag/Ag2Se interface is as low as ≈2.9 µΩ cm2, indicating negligible electrical parasitic loss. The thermoelectric device with 7 pairs of Ag2Se and (Bi, Sb)2Te3 has been fabricated and it can achieve a maximum cooling power of ≈2.90 W and a cooling temperature difference of ≈70.4 K at the hot‐side temperature of 350 K, demonstrating the great potential of Ag2Se for cooling applications.
Hierarchical Nanowire Host Material for High‐Areal‐Capacity All‐Solid‐State S/SeS2 Batteries
Authors: Kim Hun , Choi Ha‐Neul , Kim Min‐Jae , Kansara Shivam , Kim Jun Tae , Shin Min‐Seok , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Jung Hun‐Gi , Ming Jun , Sun Yang‐Kook
Published: October 2024

All‐solid‐state sulfur batteries (ASBs) suffer from electrical and ionic conduction problems due to the insulating sulfur. By comparing three host materials with different structural characteristics, herein, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) decorated with a conductive metal sulfide (CoMoS2@CNT) is demonstrated, designed to host sulfur and exchange both Li‐ions and electrons, effectively. In this hierarchical wire structure, porous CoMoS2 nanosheets form close interfaces with sulfur, and the CNT core directly transfers electrons to the sulfur‐impregnated CoMoS2. Simultaneously, the solid electrolyte positioned on the outer region of the nanowire material ensures facile Li‐ion conduction to the sulfur‐impregnated CoMoS2. An ASB featuring a CoMoS2@CNT host material with a sulfur loading of 3 mg cm−2 exhibits a high‐areal‐capacity of 4.5 mAh cm−2 at a current density of 2.5 mA cm−2, while retaining 79.4% of its initial capacity after 300 cycles. When sulfur is replaced with SeS2 to further reinforce the charge conduction properties, all‐solid‐state SeS2 batteries (ASeS2Bs) with an extremely high‐areal‐capacity of 16.3 mAh cm−2 retain 99.3% of their initial capacities after 60 cycles at 60 °C. This study provides guidelines for the design principles of cathode composites for the ASBs and ASeS2Bs through multiangle comparative analysis.
Chiral Quasi‐2D Perovskites Based Single Junction Spin‐Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Binhe , Li Yang , Yuan Wei , Zhang Xiangpeng , Tao Sheng , Zhan Hongmei , Yu Zhi‐gang , Wang Kai , liu Jun , Wang Lixiang , Qin Chuanjiang
Published: October 2024

Low temperature solution‐processible chiral metal halide perovskites, which posse the innately chiral‐induced spin orbit coupling (CISOC), are valuable for the realization of room temperature single junctions‐based spin‐light‐emitting diodes (spin‐LEDs), without involving integrated optics and ferromagnetic electrodes. The current challenging primarily lies on the development of high‐performance spin‐LEDs and the demonstration of the chiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS). Herein, chiral organic cation based quasi‐2D perovskite films with prominently circularly polarized luminescence and bright emissions are fabricated for the application of room‐temperature spin‐LEDs. A remarkable external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.42% and circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP‐EL) of 4.98% are well achieved in ambient condition. With studies of spin‐related exciton states and magneto‐photoluminescence (magneto‐PL), the spin‐lifetime (τs) is estimated to be 20 ps. This work has greatly promoted the present growth for the high‐performance chiral perovskites spin‐LEDs.
Collaboration in Contradiction: Self‐Adaptive Synergistic ROS Generation and Scavenge Balancing Strategies Used for the Infected Wounds Treatment
Authors: Wang Mengtian , Liu Yangkun , Yang Shuqing , Wang Xuanbing , Duan Qindan , Liu Jiankai , Tan Xudong , Long Linjing , Liu Siyi , Xiao Yawen , Li Zhao , Han Changhao , Yi Yaoxing , Zhang Yuchan , Wang Guixue , Zang Guangchao
Published: October 2024

The rational utilization of ROS is key to treating infected wounds. Exogenous ROS can destroy bacterial structures, quickly kill bacteria, and inhibit secondary infections. However, excess ROS at the wound will cause a secondary inflammatory response. Acute infections exacerbate this damage by increasing endogenous ROS, complicating the maintenance of ROS homeostasis. Therefore, regulating the balance of ROS production and scavenging in wounds has emerged as a promising strategy for wound treatment. Conventional ROS balancing platforms are mostly based on the “ all for one” strategy of functional superposition and lack self‐adaptability and integration. To subvert this conventional strategy, this study proposes a “one for all” self‐adaptive integrated photodynamic therapy (PDT)‐antioxidant model to actively regulate the ROS balance. A gelatin‐hyaluronic acid hydrogel embedded with Se‐modified cerium dioxide nanoparticles (Gel‐HA‐Se@CeO2 NPs) is designed for treating infected wounds. The Se@CeO2 NPs serve both as nanoenzymes and photosensitizers(PS). As nanoenzymes, they exhibit catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, converting hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions into oxygen. As a PS, it synergizes with oxygen under NIR irradiation to rapidly produce singlet oxygen. Additionally, Se modification enhances the PDT effects by disrupting bacterial antioxidant systems. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that the ROS balance platform polarizes M1‐type macrophages to M2‐type macrophages, altering the wound microenvironment from proinflammatory to prohealing. RNA sequencing revealed that this hydrogel accelerated the reconstruction of the vascular network of the wound by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and increasing VEGF secretion.This strategy is believed to be beneficial not only for infected wounds but also for treating other conditions that involve the regulation of reactive oxygen species, such as tumors and bacterial infections.
Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Stability of Hydrated Salt Phase Change Microcapsules With GO/SiO2 Hybrid Shell for Battery Thermal Management
Authors: Yuan Yingbiao , Wang Piao , Chen Mingfeng , Chen Renjie , Li Jun , Ju Haidong
Published: October 2024

Herein, the synthesis of a novel microencapsulated phase change material via a sol–gel method is presented, featuring disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate as the core and a SiO2/graphene oxide composite as the shell. The morphology and core–shell microstructure of the synthesized microcapsules are characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The phase change performance and thermal stability are evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and a high/low temperature test chamber, respectively. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are employed to determine the chemical composition of the microcapsules. The findings reveal that the MEPCM exhibited a high melting enthalpy of 174.3 J g−1. The degree of supercooling is reduced by 2.1 °C, and after 600 thermal cycles, the phase change enthalpy of the microcapsules showed a minor decrease of ≈6.0%. Notably, the thermal conductivity of the microcapsules is significantly enhanced, increasing by up to 51.8%. When integrated into the thermal management systems of lithium‐ion batteries, the MEPCM effectively maintained the battery temperature below 46 °C under a 3 C charging rate. In summary, these results suggest that the hydrated salt microcapsule with its hybrid silica and graphene oxide shell is a promising material for the thermal management of lithium‐ion batteries.
Arylation of Secondary Phosphines with Diaryliodonium Salts under Metal‐Free and Non‐Photochemical Conditions
Authors: Jha Ajit Kumar , Sarkar Sudeep , Szczepanski Kacper , Kalek Marcin
Published: October 2024

A metal‐ and irradiation‐free approach for the direct arylation of secondary phosphines has been developed. The reaction employs diaryliodonium salts as electrophilic aryl‐transfer reagents, effecting the P−Ar bond‐formation in a single step, under mild conditions, using t‐BuOK as a base and DMSO as a solvent. The protocol furnishes expedient access to diverse unsymmetrical triarylphosphines and, upon a one‐pot oxidation, the corresponding triarylphosphine oxides. Experimental and computational studies support the inner sphere aryl‐transfer mechanism through a reductive coupling at the hypervalent iodine center. The calculations also point to a key role played by potassium ions, providing extra stabilization to the P−C bond‐forming transition state by binding the reactants via cation‐π interactions.
Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Pyrroles from Nitroarenes with Glycols as Reductants
Authors: Gómez‐Gil Sara , Suárez‐Pantiga Samuel , Pedrosa María R. , Sanz Roberto
Published: October 2024

A molybdenum‐catalyzed synthesis of N‐(hetero)aryl pyrroles directly from inexpensive and commonly available (hetero)nitroarenes via reduction with pinacol and annulation with 1,4‐dicarbonyls or cyclobutane‐1,2‐diols has been described. The process does not require an inert atmosphere and tolerates the presence of air and water. This non‐noble catalytic system shows high chemoselectivity, allowing a diverse range of potentially reducible functional groups such as alkynes, alkenes, halogens, cyano, and carbonyls. Moreover, this strategy enables the reuse of a waste byproduct as reactant, facilitating the formation of challenging 1,4‐dicarbonyls from accessible cyclobutane‐1,2‐diols used as reducing agents.
Weed management in organic dryland wheat production in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Burke Ian C. , Tautges Nicole E. , Manuchehri Misha R. , Fields Lydia S.
Published: October 2024

Growth in demand for organic small grains has increased interest in producing certified organic crops in the semiarid US Pacific Northwest. The region is well‐suited for small grain production, and there is a strong market for organic food products on the US West Coast. However, many growers encounter significant and persistent challenges with weed management, particularly management of perennial weeds such as Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), but also common winter and spring annual grass weeds including cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.). Coupled with the need to minimize soil disturbance, weed management can become nearly intractable and production limiting. From 2004 to 2024, several short and intermediate studies have been conducted to assess weed control tactics and crop rotation effects on weed management. Lessons learned include incorporating alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) into rotations for suppression of field bindweed, or alfalfa and winter triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) for suppression of Canada thistle. Optimization of cultural inputs, particularly seeding rate, are critical for each crop in rotation. Animal integration and new crops such as quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) are alternatives to conventional crops and potentially profitable. Incorporation of precision mechanical and chemical systems is feasible in narrow‐row cereals, and when combined with crop rotation, it could reduce or eliminate the need for repeated transitions back to convention production for organic growers.
Drought mediates Sphagnum defense response to herbivory
Authors: Chen Yong‐Da , Bu Zhao‐Jun , Wang Meng , Zhang Ming‐Ming , Ma Jin‐Ze , Guo Hong‐Bo
Published: October 2024

Premise

The expected concomitant increase in multiple stressors such as herbivory and drought may threaten peatland ecosystems. How Sphagnum, the ecological engineers of peatlands, responds to combined stressors remains largely unexplored. Here we aimed to clarify resource allocations in Sphagnum during concomitant herbivory and drought.

Methods

S. magellanicum and S. fuscum were exposed to drought and herbivory together or separately in laboratory experiments and analyzed for growth (biomass production and net photosynthetic rate), defense (phenolics in leachates and phenolics in extraction) and nonstructural carbohydrates (soluble sugar and starch) in relation to untreated controls.

Results

Herbivory and drought had significant interactive effects on Sphagnum growth and defense. In both species, drought without herbivory reduced the phenolics in leachate, but with herbivory increased phenolics, indicating a synergistic effect between herbivory and drought on Sphagnum defense. Both stressors significantly decreased biomass production, with the combined stress having a more negative effect. Interestingly, a growth–defense trade‐off was found in the drought treatment of both Sphagnum species, but disappeared in the wet treatment. Conversely, a trade‐off between soluble sugars and phenolics was found in the wet but not in the drought treatment, suggesting that soluble sugars may play a role in inducing the defense and hence mask the growth–defense trade‐off in peat mosses.

Conclusions

Our results emphasize that predicting the impact of combined stressors on peat moss traits is complex and challenging. Future models should account for the effects of multiple environmental stressors to guide peatland conservation under climate warming.
Second Report of the p.Leu874Pro Missense Variant in EPHB4 in a Family With Capillary Malformation‐Arteriovenous Malformation Syndrome (CM‐AVM) Syndrome
Authors: Goeser Laura E. , Lalor Leah , Chiu Yvonne E. , Muriello Michael
Published: October 2024

Capillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation (CM‐AVM) syndrome is characterized by the presence of multiple small (1–2 cm in diameter) capillary malformations of the skin. This disorder has been described as two distinct entities: CM‐AVM1 and CM‐AVM2. The diagnosis of these disorders has been associated with pathogenic variants in the RASA1 gene for RASA1‐CM‐AVM, formerly known as CM‐AVM1, and, more recently, the EPHB4 genes for EPHB4‐CM‐AVM, formerly known as CM‐AVM2. Affected patients with either type may also have arteriovenous malformations and fistulas, which can cause life‐threatening bleeding, congestive heart failure, or neurologic consequences such as stroke. These syndromes are typically either sporadic or inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with variable expressivity. We report a case series of a father and three daughters who have clinically diagnosed EPHB4‐CM‐AVM syndrome who were found to have a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) in EPHB4 that has only been reported once prior.
Association of CSF α‐synuclein seed amplification assay positivity with disease progression and cognitive decline: A longitudinal Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study
Authors: Tosun Duygu , Hausle Zachary , Thropp Pamela , Concha‐Marambio Luis , Lamoureux Jennifer , Lebovitz Russ , Shaw Leslie M. , Singleton Andrew B. , Weiner Michael W. ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Blauwendraat Cornelis
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α‐synuclein (α‐syn) seed amplification assay (SAA) is a sensitive and specific tool for detecting Lewy body co‐pathology in Alzheimer's disease.

METHODS

A total of 1637 cross‐sectional and 407 longitudinal CSF samples from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were tested with SAA. We examined longitudinal dynamics of amyloid beta (Aβ), α‐syn seeds, and phosphorylated tau181 (p‐tau181), along with global and domain‐specific cognition in stable SAA+, stable SAA−, and those who converted to SAA+ from SAA−.

RESULTS

SAA+ individuals had faster cognitive decline than SAA−, notably in mild cognitive impairment, and presented with earlier symptom onset. SAA+ conversion was associated with CSF Aβ42 positivity but did not impact the progression of either CSF Aβ42 or CSF p‐tau181 status. CSF Aβ42, p‐tau181, and α‐syn SAA were all strong predictors of clinical progression, particularly CSF Aβ42. In vitro, CSF α‐syn SAA kinetic parameters were associated with participant demographics, clinical profiles, and cognitive decline.

DISCUSSION

These results highlight the interplay between amyloid and α‐syn and their association with disease progression.

Highlights

Seed amplification assay (SAA) positivity was associated with greater cognitive decline and earlier symptom onset.

Thirty‐four Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) individuals progressed from SAA− to SAA+, that is, ≈ 5% conversion.

SAA conversion was associated with amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology and greater cognitive decline.

SAA status did not impact the progression of either CSF Aβ42 or phosphorylated tau181 biomarkers.

Change in clinical diagnosis was associated with both Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and SAA.

SAA kinetic parameters were associated with clinical features and progression.
A Grafting Hydrogen‐bonded Organic Framework for Benchmark Selectivity of C2H2/CO2 Separation under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Yuan Furong , Li Yunbin , Yuan Zhen , Li Lu , Chen Chenxin , He Lei , Lin Hongyu , Fan Xi , Chen Banglin , Xiang Shengchang , Zhang Zhangjing
Published: October 2024

Reticular chemistry and pore engineering have garnered significant advancements in metal–organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks, leveraging robust metal‐coordination and covalent bonds. However, these achievements remain elusive in hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks, hindered by their inherent weakness in hydrogen bonding. Herein, we strategically manipulate the porosity of hydrogen‐bonded frameworks through a grafting approach, culminating in the synthesis of two isomorphic HOFs, HOF‐FJU‐99 and HOF‐FJU‐100, with distinct pore environments. Remarkably, HOF‐FJU‐100, with its microporous architecture, not only showcases exceptional stability but also achieves unparalleled separation efficiency and ultrahigh selectivity for C2H2/CO2 mixtures (50/50, v/v) under ambient conditions. Its IAST selectivity value of 201 stands as a benchmark, towering over all previously reported HOFs. The pore of HOF‐FJU‐100 boasts an electrostatic potential highly favourable for C2H2 adsorption, as evidenced by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealing multiple hydrogen bonding interactions between C2H2 molecules and the framework. In situ gas‐carrier powder X‐ray diffraction analysis underscores the adaptability of pore structure, dynamically adjusting its orientation in response to C2H2, thereby enabling a highly efficient and specific separation of C2H2/CO2 mixtures through specific adsorptive interactions.
Encapsulation of an Au25 Nanocluster inside a Porphyrin Nanoring Enhances Singlet Oxygen Generation and Photo‐Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Ziarati Abolfazl , Gotfredsen Henrik , Rosspeintner Arnulf , Zhao Jiangtao , Anderson Harry L. , Bürgi Thomas
Published: October 2024

The synthesis of molecular host–guest complexes with enhanced performance, relative to those of their components, is a central theme in supramolecular chemistry. Here we explore a host‐guest system consisting of an atomically precise gold nanocluster bound inside a zinc porphyrin nanoring. UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence titrations with different sized nanorings revealed strong binding between a pyridinethiol‐coated Au25 nanocluster and a nanoring consisting of six zinc porphyrin units, and complexation is confirmed by mass spectrometry. Formation of this assembly enhances the stability of the gold nanocluster. The host‐guest complex also exhibits remarkable activity and selectivity for photochemical CO2 to CO conversion and singlet oxygen generation.