bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GcvB small RNA uses two distinct seed regions to regulate an extensive targetome
Authors: Lalaouna David , Eyraud Alex , Devinck Aurélie , Prévost Karine , Massé Eric
Published: November 2018

GcvB small RNA is described as post‐transcriptional regulator of 1–2% of all mRNAs in Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium. At least 24 GcvB:mRNA interactions have been validated in vivo, establishing the largest characterized sRNA targetome. By performing MS2‐affinity purification coupled with RNA sequencing (MAPS) technology, we identified seven additional mRNAs negatively regulated by GcvB in E. coli. Contrary to the vast majority of previously known targets, which pair to the well‐conserved GcvB R1 region, we validated four mRNAs targeted by GcvB R3 region. This indicates that base‐pairing through R3 seed sequence seems relatively common. We also noticed unusual GcvB pairing sites in the coding sequence of two target mRNAs. One of these target mRNAs has a pairing site displaying a unique ACA motif, suggesting that GcvB could hijack a translational enhancer element. The second target mRNA is likely regulated via an active RNase E‐mediated mRNA degradation mechanism. Remarkably, we confirmed the importance of the sRNA sponge SroC in the fine‐tuning control of GcvB activity in function of growth conditions such as growth phase and nutrient availability.
Do consistent government policies lead to greater meaningfulness and legitimacy on the front line?
Authors: van Engen Nadine , Steijn Bram , Tummers Lars
Published: November 2018

We investigate the impact of policy consistency on frontline workers’ perceptions of policy meaningfulness and legitimacy. The results from an experiment involving 779 teachers indicate that policy consistency does have a positive effect on legitimacy and to a lesser extent on meaningfulness. However, the extent depends on policy content and the degree of autonomy. Overall, our findings emphasize the potential positive impact of policy consistency. Although this, to some extent, conflicts with the nature of political decision‐ and policy‐making (i.e., democratically elected governments have been mandated to change policy), our study suggests that policy consistency could be a valuable strategy for governments to strengthen successful policy implementation. This adds a new perspective to the continuing debate within policy implementation and street‐level bureaucracy research on how to account for the complex, messy and sometimes contradictory implementation of public policies.
Severe outcomes of pediatric perioperative adverse events occurring in operating rooms compared to off‐site anesthetizing locations in the Wake Up Safe Database
Authors: Uffman Joshua C. , Tumin Dmitry , Beltran Ralph J. , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: November 2018

Background

Anesthesia services are frequently provided outside of the traditional operating room environment for children. It is unclear if adverse events which occur in off‐site anesthetizing locations result in more severe outcomes compared to events in traditional operating rooms.

Aim

We used a multi‐institutional registry of pediatric patients to compare outcomes of perioperative adverse events between location types.

Methods

De‐identified data from 24 pediatric tertiary care hospitals participating in the Wake Up Safe registry during 2010‐2015 were analyzed. Peri‐procedural adverse events occurring in operating rooms or off‐site locations were included. The primary outcome was whether the adverse event was severe, defined as requiring escalation of care or resulting in temporary or significant harm. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare location type (operating room vs. off‐site) and the likelihood of a severe outcome among reported events.

Results

There were 1594 adverse events, of which 362 were associated with off‐site anesthetizing locations. In multivariable logistic regression, off‐site location was associated with greater odds of severe adverse event outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.69; P = 0.044). Comparing adverse events in cardiac catheterization suites to events in operating rooms confirmed higher odds of severe outcome in the former group (adjusted odds ratio = 1.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 2.08; P = 0.025), while this difference was not found for other off‐site locations.

Conclusion

Multivariable analysis of a large registry revealed a greater likelihood of severe outcome for adverse events occurring in cardiac catheterization suites (but not other out of the OR sites), compared to adverse events occurring in the operating room. Additional prospective studies are needed which better control for patient and environmental characteristics and their effect on severe outcomes after anesthesia.
Increased temperatures may safeguard the nutritional quality of crops under future elevated CO2 concentrations
Authors: Köhler Iris H. , Huber Steven C. , Bernacchi Carl J. , Baxter Ivan R.
Published: November 2018

Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies are a global human health problem that may worsen by the growth of crops at elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2). However, climate change will also involve higher temperature, but it is unclear how the combined effect of eCO2 and higher temperature will affect the nutritional quality of food crops. To begin to address this question, we grew soybean (Glycine max) in a Temperature by Free‐Air CO2 Enrichment (T‐FACE) experiment in 2014 and 2015 under ambient (400 μmol mol−1) and elevated (600 μmol mol−1) CO2 concentrations, and under ambient and elevated temperatures (+2.7°C day and +3.4°C at night). In our study, eCO2 significantly decreased Fe concentration in soybean seeds in both seasons (−8.7 and −7.7%) and Zn concentration in one season (−8.9%), while higher temperature (at ambient CO2 concentration) had the opposite effect. The combination of eCO2 with elevated temperature generally restored seed Fe and Zn concentrations to levels obtained under ambient CO2 and temperature conditions, suggesting that the potential threat to human nutrition by increasing CO2 concentration may not be realized. In general, seed Fe concentration was negatively correlated with yield, suggesting inherent limitations to increasing seed Fe. In addition, we confirm our previous report that the concentration of seed storage products and several minerals varies with node position at which the seeds developed. Overall, these results demonstrate the complexity of predicting climate change effects on food and nutritional security when various environmental parameters change in an interactive manner.
Evaluation of different methods of securing cellophane bands for portosystemic shunt attenuation
Authors: Joffe Michelle Robyn , Hall Evelyn , Tan Christopher , Brunel Laurencie
Published: November 2018

Objective

To compare mechanisms of and pressures at failure of 4 methods of securing 2 types of cellophane bands around a vein.

Study design

Ex vivo mechanical evaluation.

Methods

Cellophane bands composed of 3 or 4 layers were applied around a cadaveric external jugular vein (EJV) to create 25% or 50% attenuation. These bands were secured with a medium or medium‐large polymer locking ligation clip (PLLC), or a medium or medium‐large titanium ligation clip (TLC). Sterile saline 0.9% was instilled into the lumen of the EJV until a pressure of 100 mm Hg was reached. Failure mechanism and luminal pressure at failure were compared between groups.

Results

Medium clips failed less often than medium‐large clips (P < .001) and consistently sustained 100 mm Hg without failing. Three‐layer cellophane bands were 4.1 times more likely to fail than 4‐layer bands (P = .003, CI 1.6‐10.2) and failed at lower pressures (28.32 ± 3.59 mm Hg and 44.81 ± 6.51 mm Hg, respectively,P = .027). Failure rates of the cellophane band constructs did not differ whether secured with PLLC or with TLC (P = .635) or with 25% vs 50% attenuation (P = .780).

Conclusion

A single medium clip withstood physiological forces and secured a cellophane band at up to 50% attenuation. A 3‐layer cellophane band was more likely to fail compared with a 4‐layer cellophane band.

Clinical significance

These ex vivo results provide evidence to support the application of a 4‐layer cellophane band secured with a single medium PLLC or TLC for portosystemic shunt attenuation. A single medium PLLC should be used to eliminate computed tomography artifacts during postoperative evaluation of shunt closure.
Accuracy of patient‐specific three‐dimensional‐printed osteotomy and reduction guides for distal femoral osteotomy in dogs with medial patella luxation
Authors: Hall Emma L. , Baines Stephen , Bilmont Alexis , Oxley Bill
Published: November 2018

Objective

To compare precorrectional and postcorrectional femoral alignment following distal femoral osteotomy using patient‐specific 3‐dimensional (3D)‐printed osteotomy and reduction guides in vivo and ex vivo.

Study design

Prospective study.

Sample population

Ten client‐owned dogs and matching 3D‐printed plastic bone models.

Methods

Distal femoral osteotomy was performed via a standard approach using osteotomy and reduction guides developed with computer‐aided design software prior to 3D‐printing. Femoral osteotomy and reduction was also performed on 3D‐printed models of each femur with identical reprinted guides. Femoral varus angle (FVA) and femoral torsion angle (FTA) were measured on postoperative computed tomographic images by 3 observers.

Results

In vivo, the mean difference between target and achieved postoperative was 2.29° (±2.29°, P = .0076) for the FVA, and 1.67° (±2.08°, P = .300) for the FTA. Ex vivo, the mean difference between target and achieved postoperative was 0.29° (±1.50°, P = .813) for the FVA, and −2.33° (±3.21°, P = .336) for the FTA. Intraobserver intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; 0.736‐0.998) and interobserver ICC (0.829 to 0.996) were consistent with an excellent agreement.

Conclusion

Use of 3D‐printed osteotomy and reduction guides allowed accurate correction of FTA in vivo and both FVA and FTA ex vivo.

Clinical significance

Use of 3D‐printed osteotomy and reduction guides may improve the accuracy of correction of femoral alignment but warrant further evaluation of surgical time, perioperative complications, and patient outcomes compared with conventional techniques.
Experiences of older adults accessing specialized healthcare services in rural or remote areas: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Parsons Karen , Gaudine Alice , Swab Michelle
Published: November 2018

Objective:

The objective of this review is to synthesize the literature on the experiences of older adults accessing specialized healthcare services while living in remote or rural areas.

Introduction:

Older persons with chronic illnesses often need specialized healthcare services. Those who live in remote or rural areas may have limited access to these specialized healthcare services, potentially leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the experience of older adults accessing specialized healthcare services while living in remote or rural areas.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider studies of persons 65 years and over who have self-identified as living in remote or rural areas. They will have on at least one occasion sought access in person to specialized healthcare services for a chronic condition(s) such as cardiovascular diseases, renal diseases, diabetes, cancers, mental illness or a major health concern beyond the scope of a primary care clinician, such as palliative care.

Methods:

The search strategy will aim to find published and unpublished studies in English from 1980. Databases to be searched include: CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, AgeLine, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Google Scholar and MedNar. Titles and abstracts will be screened against the inclusion criteria. Papers meeting the inclusion criteria will be appraised by two independent reviewers for methodological quality. Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers using a standardized data extraction tool. Findings will be pooled with the meta-aggregation approach, and a ConQual Summary of Findings will be presented.
Quadriceps architecture in individuals with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ashnagar Zinat , Kajbafvala Mehrnaz , Hadian Mohammad-Reza , Olyaei Gholamreza , Rezasoltani Asghar , Keshtkar Abbas Ali , Ansari Fereshteh , Pashazadeh Fariba
Published: November 2018

Objective:

The objective of this review is to identify differences in quadriceps architectural parameters between healthy individuals and those with patellofemoral pain (PFP).

Introduction:

Patellofemoral pain is one of the most common causes of knee pain among physically active populations. Muscular imbalance may play an important role in patellar malalignment or patellar maltracking. A systematic review will clarify the possible architectural changes of quadriceps muscles in persons with PFP.

Inclusion criteria:

Eligible observational studies will include individuals younger than 50 years who have been diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral PFP. The comparator will be the contralateral, asymptomatic limb of the individual with PFP or a healthy matched subject. Studies that include measurement of quadriceps muscle size as the primary outcome will be considered. Studies in which participants had coexisting pathology, a history of lower limb surgery or injury, or pain originating from other joints will be excluded.

Methods:

PubMed/MEDLINE (NLM), Scopus, Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Web of Science and CINAHL databases and multiple gray literature sources will be searched. Studies published since 1 January 1990 will be considered; there will be no language restriction. Retrieval of full-text studies, assessment of methodological quality and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. If possible, meta-analyses will be performed, and a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Summary of Findings presented.
Fatigue and measurement of fatigue: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Walters Stephen John , Stern Cindy , Stephenson Matthew
Published: November 2018

Review question/objective:

The objectives of this review are to identify and present definitions of fatigue and theoretical, conceptual and mechanistic models of fatigue, and to identify the commonly used instruments that measure fatigue in humans and the settings in which they are used.

Specifically, the review questions are:
Exercise programs for the management of people with hand osteoarthritis: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Sankah Beatrice E.A. , Stokes Maria , Adams Jo
Published: November 2018

Review questions:

The review questions for this scoping review are:
Aminoglycoside Revival: Review of a Historically Important Class of Antimicrobials Undergoing Rejuvenation
Authors: Serio Alisa W. , Keepers Tiffany , Andrews Logan , Krause Kevin M.
Published: November 2018

Aminoglycosides are cidal inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis that have been utilized for the treatment of serious bacterial infections for almost 80 years. There have been approximately 15 members of this class approved worldwide for the treatment of a variety of infections, many serious and life threatening. While aminoglycoside use declined due to the introduction of other antibiotic classes such as cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems, there has been a resurgence of interest in the class as multidrug-resistant pathogens have spread globally. Furthermore, aminoglycosides are recommended as part of combination therapy for empiric treatment of certain difficult-to-treat infections. The development of semisynthetic aminoglycosides designed to overcome common aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms, and the shift to once-daily dosing, has spurred renewed interest in the class. Plazomicin is the first new aminoglycoside to be approved by the FDA in nearly 40 years, marking the successful start of a new campaign to rejuvenate the class.
Injuries in male and female elite Korean wrestling athletes: a 10-year epidemiological study
Authors: Park Ki Jun , Lee Je Hoon , Kim Hyun Chul
Published: November 2018

Objectives

To report injury patterns associated with the training activities of elite male and female South Korean wrestling athletes preparing for the Olympic Games.

Methods

From 2008 to 2017, we prospectively collected data on elite wrestling athletes at the Korea National Training Center. Athletes were assessed by two sports medicine doctors, and data were stratified according to sex, wrestling style, weight class, injury location and injury severity. Χ2tests were used to compare groups. Injury risk was expressed in relative ratios with 95% confidence intervals (RR, 95% CI).

Results

There were 238 male and 75 female elite wrestlers. Training time totalled 382 800 hours. We recorded 1779 injuries in 313 athletes aged >18 years (annual average, 4.04 injuries/athlete); 59% of these were mild injuries. When all athletes were considered, most injuries occurred in the lower extremities (37.5%), followed by the upper extremities (27.4%), trunk (25.4%) and the head and neck area (9.7%). Weight class significantly influenced injury severity for both wrestling styles among male athletes (Greco-Roman, P=0.031; freestyle, P=0.028), as well as among female freestyle wrestling athletes (P=0.013). The relative ratio of injury incidence for the lightweight class compared with the heavyweight class was high for Greco-Roman style compared with freestyle (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.27; P=0.011).

Conclusions

Among male and female South Korean elite wrestling athletes training for the Olympic Games, most injuries were mild and occurred in the lower extremities. Weight class influenced injury severity in both wrestling styles, and lightweight athletes had higher injury rates.
Pre-participation health evaluation in adolescent athletes competing at Youth Olympic Games: proposal for a tailored protocol
Authors: Adami Paolo Emilio , Squeo Maria Rosaria , Quattrini Filippo Maria , Di Paolo Fernando Maria , Pisicchio Cataldo , Di Giacinto Barbara , Lemme Erika , Maestrini Viviana , Pelliccia Antonio
Published: November 2018

Objective

To promote sports participation in young people, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) introduced the Youth Olympic Games (YOG) in 2007. In 2009, the IOC Consensus Statement was published, which highlighted the value of periodic health evaluation in elite athletes. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a comprehensive protocol for illness and injury detection, tailored for adolescent athletes participating in Summer or Winter YOG.

Methods

Between 2010 and 2014, a total of 247 unique adolescent elite Italian athletes (53% females), mean age 16±1,0 years, competing in 22 summer or 15 winter sport disciplines, were evaluated through a tailored pre-participation health evaluation protocol, at the Sports Medicine and Science Institute of the Italian Olympic Committee.

Results

In 30 of the 247 athletes (12%), the pre-participation evaluation led to the final diagnosis of pathological conditions warranting treatment and/or surveillance, including cardiovascular in 11 (4.5%), pulmonary in 11 (4.5%), endocrine in five (2.0%), infectious, neurological and psychiatric disorders in one each (0.4%). Based on National and International Guidelines and Recommendations, none of the athletes was considered at high risk for acute events and all were judged eligible to compete at the YOG. Athletes with abnormal conditions were required to undergo a periodic follow-up.

Conclusions

The Youth Pre-Participation Health Evaluation proved to be effective in identifying a wide range of disorders, allowing prompt treatment, appropriate surveillance and avoidance of potential long-term consequences, in a significant proportion (12%) of adolescent Italian Olympic athletes.
Effects of body protection vests and experience levels in prevention of equestrian injuries
Authors: Andres Sarah A , Bushau-Sprinkle Adrienne M , Brier Michael E , Seger Yvette R
Published: November 2018

Objectives

To investigate the risk reduction and benefit of wearing body protection/safety vests in equestrian sports.

Methods

A comparison of equestrians wearing body protective vests and those not wearing vests was performed using incident report data of 718 participants in the United States Pony Clubs during 2011–2017. Data obtained included age, gender, certification level of member, type of activity, description of incident, description of injuries, what protective equipment was worn and other possible contributing factors.

Results

While wearing body protective vests when riding on the flat or for show jumping was not correlated with a decrease in injuries, wearing vests for cross country was correlated with decrease in reported injuries (p=0.036) and showed a trend towards a lower incident severity level (p=0.062). Wearing body protection during cross country reduced the relative risk of injury by 56%. While the volume of incidents varied with a rider’s experience level, the number of serious injuries did not appear to correlate with lesser equestrian experience.

Conclusions

While equestrian sports are considered to have a certain degree of risk associated with them, there are ways to make them safer. Wearing safety equipment, such as helmets and body protection, and obtaining education and experience can lessen the chance of incurring serious injuries.
NKp46 is a diagnostic biomarker and may be a therapeutic target in gastrointestinal T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases: a CELAC study
Authors: Cheminant Morgane , Bruneau Julie , Malamut Georgia , Sibon David , Guegan Nicolas , van Gils Tom , Cording Sascha , Trinquand Amélie , Verkarre Virginie , Lhermitte Ludovic , Brousse Nicole , Jannot Anne-Sophie , Khater Sherine , Frenzel Laurent , Delarue Richard , Suarez Felipe , Marçais Ambroise , Mulder Chris JJ , Macintyre Elizabeth , Asnafi Vahid , Pouyet Laurent , Bonnafous Cécile , Lhospice Florence , Molina Thierry Jo , Meresse Bertrand , Cellier Christophe , Cerf-Bensussan Nadine , Hermine Olivier
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Primary GI T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (T-LPD) are heterogeneous entities, which raise difficult diagnosis and therapeutic challenges. We have recently provided evidences that lymphomas complicating coeliac disease (CD) arise from innate-like lymphocytes, which may carry NK receptors (NKRs).

Design

NKRs expression was compared by flow cytometry in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) from CD, type I or type II refractory CD (RCD). NKp46 was next assessed by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded biopsies from 204 patients with CD, RCDI, RCDII or GI T-cell lymphomas and from a validation cohort of 61 patients. The cytotoxic properties of an anti-NKp46 monoclonal antibody conjugated to pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) was testedex vivoin human primary tumour cells isolated from fresh duodenal biopsies.

Results

NKp46 (but not CD94, NKG2A, NKG2C, NKG2D) was significantly more expressed by malignant RCDII IEL than by normal IEL in CD and RCDI. In paraffin biopsies, detection of >25 NKp46+ IEL per 100 epithelial cells discriminated RCDII from CD and RCDI. NKp46 was also detected in enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphomas (EATL, 24/29) and in monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphomas (MEITL, 4/4) but not in indolent T-LPD (0/15). Treatment with anti-NKp46-PBD could efficiently and selectively kill human NKp46+ primary IELex vivo.

Conclusion

NKp46 is a novel biomarker useful for diagnosis and therapeutic stratification of GI T-LPD. Strong preclinical rationale identifies anti-NKp46-PBD as a promising therapy for RCDII, EATL and MEITL.
Effect of seawalls on tsunami evacuation departure in the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Troncoso Parady Giancarlos , Tran Bryan , Gilmour Stuart
Published: November 2018

Objective

To quantitatively evaluate the effect of seawalls on tsunami evacuation departure.

Methods

A mixed-effect Cox proportional-hazards regression model was applied to evacuation behavioural data obtained from a probability survey of survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in Iwate and Miyagi prefectures.

Findings

Presence of a seawall higher than the forecast tsunami height at any given time reduces the likelihood of prompt evacuation by 30%. Findings suggest the existence of a false sense of security among residents deriving from the presence of seawalls.

Conclusion

Prompt evacuation is a key factor affecting survival. The effect of seawalls on evacuation decisions is an important policy consideration. More work is needed in disaster preparedness education and in the way tsunami warnings are given, taking into consideration the risk of forecast error. Priority should be given to promoting prompt evacuation and educating residents as to the uncertainty of tsunami forecasting, to ensure that residents do not ignore evacuation warnings due to false impressions of the safety provided by seawalls.
Progression of subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease in a UK SLE cohort: the role of classic and SLE-related factors
Authors: Haque Sahena , Skeoch Sarah , Rakieh Chadi , Edlin Helena , Ahmad Yasmeen , Ho Pauline , Gorodkin Rachel , Alexander M Yvonne , Bruce Ian N
Published: November 2018

Objectives

We aimed to describe the rate and determinants of carotid plaque progression and the onset of clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a UK SLE cohort.

Methods

Female patients with SLE of white British ancestry were recruited from clinics in the North-West of England and had a baseline clinical and CVD risk assessment including measurement of carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) and plaque using B-mode Doppler ultrasound. Patients were followed up (>3.5 years after baseline visit) and had a repeat carotid Doppler to assess progression of plaque and CIMT. Clinical CVD events between visits were also noted.

Results

Of 200 patients with a baseline scan, 124 (62%) patients had a second assessment at a median (IQR) of 5.8 (5.2–6.3) years follow-up. New plaque developed in 32 (26%) (4.5% per annum) patients and plaque progression was observed in 52 (41%) patients. Factors associated with plaque progression were older age (OR 1.13; 95%  CI 1.06 to 1.20), anticardiolipin (OR 3.36; 1.27 to 10.40) and anti-Ro (OR 0.31; 0.11 to 0.86) antibodies. CVD events occurred in 7.2% over 5.8 years compared with 1.0% predicted using the Framingham risk score (p<0.001). Higher triglycerides (OR 3.6; 1.23 to 10.56), cyclophosphamide exposure ‘ever’ (OR 16.7; 1.46 to 63.5) and baseline Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index score (OR 9.62; 1.46 to 123) independently predicted future CVD events.

Conclusion

Accelerated atherosclerosis remains a major challenge in SLE disease management. A more comprehensive approach to CVD risk management taking into account disease factors such as severity and anticardiolipin antibody status may be necessary to improve CVD outcomes in this high-risk population.
Validation of the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index and pSkindex27 for use in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: AlE'ed Ashwaq , Aydin Pinar Ozge Avar , Al Mutairi Nora , AlSaleem Alhanouf , Sonmez Hafize Emine , Henrickson Michael , Huggins Jennifer L , Ozen Seza , Al-Mayouf Sulaiman M , Brunner Hermine I
Published: November 2018

Objective

To determine the measurement properties of the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) and the paediatric adaptation of the Skindex29 (pSkindex27) when used in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE).

Methods

Patients with mucocutaneous involvement of cSLE were evaluated at the study entry and 6 months later. Besides the CLASI and pSkindex27, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core scale (PedsQL-GC), its Rheumatology Module (PedsQL-RM), the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and the SLE Damage Index (SDI) were completed.

Results

The CLASI and pSkindex27 had high internal consistency (both Cronbach α>0.82). Children were able to complete the pSkindex27, with self-report and caregiver proxy-reports showing excellent agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.97). The CLASI Activity Score (CLASI-A) was strongly correlated with the mucocutaneous domain score of the SLEDAI as was the CLASI Damage Score (CLASI-D) with that of the SDI (both: Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) >0.68). pSkindex27 summary scores were moderately correlated with those of the PedsQL-GC and PedsQL-RM (all: rs>|0.51|), the CLASI-A and CLASI-D (both: rs>0.64), respectively. Patients who experienced a >50% improvement of the CLASI-A between study visits had significantly higher PedsQL-GC and pSkindex27 scores than those without improvement of mucocutaneous features.

Conclusion

Both CLASI and pSkindex27 are useful assessment tools in cSLE, active and chronic mucocutaneous lesions and their changes over time can be measured using the CLASI and the pSkindex27 can capture the impact of mucocutaneous involvement on patient health-related quality of life.
Comparison of Performance Between a Short Categorized Lifestyle Exposure-based Colon Cancer Risk Prediction Tool and a Model Using Continuous Measures
Authors: Liu Ying , Colditz Graham A. , Rosner Bernard A. , Dart Hank , Wei Esther , Waters Erika A.
Published: November 2018

Risk prediction models that estimate an individual's risk of developing colon cancer could be used for a variety of clinical and public health interventions, including offering high-risk individuals enhanced screening or lifestyle interventions. However, if risk prediction models are to be translated into actual clinical and public health practice, they must not only be valid and reliable, but also be easy to use. One way of accomplishing this might be to simplify the information that users of risk prediction tools have to enter, but it is critical to ensure no resulting detrimental effects on model performance. We compared the performance of a simplified, largely categorized exposure-based colon cancer risk model against a more complex, largely continuous exposure-based risk model using two prospective cohorts. Using data from the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study we included 816 incident colon cancer cases in women and 412 in men. The discrimination of models was not significantly different comparing a categorized risk prediction model with a continuous prediction model in women (c-statistic 0.600 vs. 0.609, Pdiff = 0.07) and men (c-statistic 0.622 vs. 0.618, Pdiff = 0.60). Both models had good calibration in men [observed case count/expected case count (O/E) = 1.05, P > 0.05] but not in women (O/E = 1.19, P < 0.01). Risk reclassification was slightly improved using categorized predictors in men [net reclassification index (NRI) = 0.041] and slightly worsened in women (NRI = −0.065). Categorical assessment of predictor variables may facilitate use of risk assessment tools in the general population without significant loss of performance.
Opportunity to Learn What Is on the Test and Performance on the Test
Authors: Elliott Stephen N. , Kurz Alexander , Yel Nedim
Published: November 2018

State accountability systems assume standards based instruction and test content are highly aligned and opportunities to learn the content exist equally for all students. This alignment between content taught and tested is important to understand achievement, yet it is rarely examined. Teachers from Grades 3 to 8 participated along with students without disabilities ( n = 116) and students with a disability (n =104) who received all mathematics instruction in their general education. Teachers recorded over 155 days of instructional information for mathematics and administered an interim mathematics test at the end of the year. We found an average of 44% of mathematics content standards were taught and tested, while 22% were not taught but tested. The results indicated students without disabilities did significantly better than students with disabilities on content taught and tested, but not so on content not taught but tested. Limitations and research needed conclude the article.
Parental Attachment Styles and Religious and Spiritual Struggle: A Mediating Effect of God Image
Authors: Zarzycka Beata
Published: November 2018

The ideas that religion capitalizes on the operation of the attachment system and that believers’ perceived relationships with God can be characterized as symbolic attachment relationships have been well established in the psychology of religion. This study aims to explore the relationships between early caregiver experiences and religious and spiritual struggle and whether loving, distant, and cruel God images are mediators of these relationships. The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale, God Image Scale, and Religious and Spiritual Struggle Scale were applied to the research. Correlations of parent–child attachment with religious and spiritual struggle measures support a correspondence between working models of parents and God. The study has shown that a distant God is a mediator of the relationship between avoidant attachment to one’s parents and divine, meaning making, and religious doubt struggle. A cruel God is a mediator in the relationship between avoidant attachment to one’s parents and interpersonal struggle.
Analysis of the energy harvesting potential–based suspension for truck semi-trailer
Authors: Abdelkareem Mohamed AA , Kaldas Mina MS , Kamal Ahmed Ali Mohamed , Xu Lin
Published: November 2018

As the articulated trucks are mainly used for long distance transportations, the design of the suspension system became a major concern and a research hotspot not only for ride comfort and driving safety but also for energy consumption. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive parametrical–based conflict analysis between the ride comfort and road holding together with the potential power of the shock absorbers. The simulation analysis is performed using a 23 degree-of-freedom full truck semi-trailer mathematical model with random road surface model. The bounce and combined excitation modes for the truck model are applied to present the pro and contra of the simplified and realistic analysis. The bounce mode is applied for a road Class C and truck driving speed of 20 m/s, while the combined mode is performed with the same truck-speed but considering a Class C road for the left track and Class D road for the right track considering the time delay between the truck axles. The truck dynamics including the mean potential power, average dynamic tire load and bounce, and pitch and roll accelerations is comprehensively combined in the conflict analysis–based suspension and driving parameters. The obtained simulation results showed that the articulated truck suspension should be designed considering a realistic excitation condition. In contrast to the bounce mode, under the combined road input, the tractor ride quality and road handling performances are improved when a heavily damped suspension is considered. Furthermore, the otherwise dissipated energy through the damping events can reach an overall value between 2 and 4 kW.
A closed-form formulation for the conformal articulation of metal-on-polyethylene hip prostheses: Contact mechanics and sliding distance
Authors: Askari Ehsan , Andersen Michael S
Published: November 2018

Using Hertz contact law results in inaccurate outcomes when applied to the soft conformal hip implants. The finite element method also involves huge computational time and power. In addition, the sliding distance computed using the Euler rotation method does not incorporate tribology of bearing surfaces, contact mechanics and inertia forces. This study, therefore, aimed to develop a nonlinear dynamic model based on the multibody dynamic methodology to predict contact pressure and sliding distance of metal-on-polyethylene hip prosthesis, simultaneously, under normal walking condition. A closed-form formulation of the contact stresses distributed over the articulating surfaces was derived based upon the elastic foundation model, which reduced computational time and cost significantly. Three-dimensional physiological loading and motions, inertia forces due to hip motion and energy loss during contact were incorporated to obtain contact properties and sliding distance. Comparing the outcomes with that available in the literature and a finite element analysis allowed for the validation of our approach. Contours of contact stresses and accumulated sliding distances at different instants of the walking gait cycle were investigated and discussed. It was shown that the contact point at each instant was located within the zone with the corresponding highest accumulated sliding distance. In addition, the maximum contact pressure and area took place at the stance phase with a single support. The stress distribution onto the cup surface also conformed to the contact point trajectory and the physiological loading.
Inconsistencies in the use of legal culture in comparative legal studies
Authors: Fekete Balázs
Published: November 2018

This paper is devoted to the discussion and critical analysis of the various uses of the term ‘legal culture’ in recent comparative legal studies. It submits that the application of the concept of legal culture has had no consensually shared approach in comparative law; instead, numerous different ways exist. The main approaches of legal culture in comparative studies have been the use of this concept as (i) background, (ii) interactions around law, and (iii) a sum of attitudes towards law. In addition, the use of this term is even more complicated as certain typical inconsistencies may also be identified. Examples show (i) the confusion of different understandings of legal culture found within the same study; and that (ii) the under-theorisation and (iii) over-theorisation of legal culture can both be regarded as such typical inconsistencies. In conclusion, the paper calls attention to a more restricted, self-reflective and critical application of this term as the prerequisite of an efficient scholarly use.
Meaningful Connections: Making Inclusion Work
Authors: Draper Ellary A.
Published: November 2018

For many years, students with disabilities were educated in separate facilities on separate campuses from their same aged peers. With the original passing of what we now call the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, these students were, and still are, required to be educated in the least restricted environment. Students with disabilities who had previously been separated were brought into their neighborhood schools. As we continue to see more and more students with disabilities in inclusive schools and classrooms, it is important that we work together and collaborate with other teachers and therapists in our schools to provide the best education to these students.
Astrocytes: Heterogeneous and Dynamic Phenotypes in Neurodegeneration and Innate Immunity
Authors: Cunningham Colm , Dunne Aisling , Lopez-Rodriguez Ana Belen
Published: November 2018

Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type in the brain and perform several essential functions in supporting neuronal metabolism and actively participating in neural circuit and behavioral function. They also have essential roles as innate immune cells in responding to local neuropathology, and the manner in which they respond to brain injury and degeneration is the subject of increasing attention in neuroscience. Although activated astrocytes have long been thought of as a relatively homogenous population, which alter their phenotype in a relatively stereotyped way upon central nervous system injury, the last decade has revealed substantial heterogeneity in the basal state and significant heterogeneity of phenotype during reactive astrocytosis. Thus, phenotypic diversity occurs at two distinct levels: that determined by regionality and development and that determined by temporally dynamic changes to the environment of astrocytes during pathology. These inflammatory and pathological states shape the phenotype of these cells, with different consequences for destruction or recovery of the local tissue, and thus elucidating these phenotypic changes has significant therapeutic implications. In this review, we will focus on the phenotypic heterogeneity of astrocytes in health and disease and their propensity to change that phenotype upon subsequent stimuli.
Post-Qualitative Inquiry and Walter Benjamin’s “One-Way Street”
Authors: Kuecker Elliott
Published: November 2018

This article extends the conversation about post-qualitative inquiry into possible intersections with some of Walter Benjamin’s philosophies as described in his 1928 essay “One-Way Street.” This article explores three foundational concepts in post-qualitative inquiry, the ruptured image of thought, transgressive data, and writing away from conclusions, and then connects them to points of deep commensurability within “One-Way Street.” Furthermore, it argues that “One-Way Street” itself serves as an example of a post-qualitative project.
Age and Gender Measurement Noninvariance of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener
Authors: Zhang K. Anne , Markon Kristian E.
Published: November 2018

Objective: The nature and form of demographics-related differences in ADHD self-reported symptoms across adulthood is currently poorly understood. This study explored the psychometrics of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener (ASRS-6), including its age- and gender-related measurement invariance. Method: Structural equation models were used to analyze adult data—aged 16 to 95 years—from the 2007 British Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Results: The three-factor model (disorganization, inattention, hyperactivity) outperformed one- and two-factor models. Self-reported attentional deficits may be more pathognomonic of overall self-reported ADHD in adults than other symptoms. All items exhibited age measurement noninvariance while only a subset exhibited gender measurement noninvariance. Individuals who are male and younger tend to have lower thresholds for endorsement for ASRS-6 items than individuals who are female and older. Conclusion: The ASRS-6 does not appear to be unidimensional, and self-reported ASRS-6 symptomatology changes in meaning with age.
The art of the early childhood researcher: Rediscovering music and movement in language
Authors: Latham Gloria
Published: November 2018

The initial research undertaken was an attempt to understand what it is like for young children to be in the world. The study was a search to reclaim a sense of place for the teacher/researcher and the children, and to capture young children’s profound wondering. This article is a reflective look back at that study and attempts through methods of reflection and disruption to gain further clarity, to extend yet complicate what was known. The reflection also explores three of the central challenges that were encountered when evoking and ultimately re-visioning the lived experiences. Taking the time to look back on the research with testimonial readings, provided greater perspective and clarity to the role of emKeybodied teacher.
Ruptures and Reproductions: A Walking Encounter With a Campus Tour and a Confederate Monument
Authors: Flint Maureen A.
Published: November 2018

This article explores a moment of intersections that rupture and reproduce the racist and raced space of a university campus. A walk that I take with a student plugs into a campus tour, becomes connected to a confederate monument, is put in relation to a physical building, and plugs back into reproductions of race and racism on campus. Methodologically, this article moves rhizomatically through practices of place, from the walking interview of the data collection, to a visual analysis that illustrates the overlapping and a/synchronous becomings of the event. Through mapping a visual and affective constellation of affects and materialities that leap and jump across time and bodies, this article explores the multiple and layered discourses at work in this moment to explore what they do: How race and racism are (re)produced through everyday practices, as well as how they crack and stutter and become differently. Following the entanglements of this data event, this analysis maps how molar lines of Whiteness are reproduced and embedded in the discourses of place, and opens the possibility to produce place differently.
Data Analytics and Modeling for Appointment No-show in Community Health Centers
Authors: Mohammadi Iman , Wu Huanmei , Turkcan Ayten , Toscos Tammy , Doebbeling Bradley N.
Published: November 2018

Objectives: Using predictive modeling techniques, we developed and compared appointment no-show prediction models to better understand appointment adherence in underserved populations. Methods and Materials: We collected electronic health record (EHR) data and appointment data including patient, provider and clinical visit characteristics over a 3-year period. All patient data came from an urban system of community health centers (CHCs) with 10 facilities. We sought to identify critical variables through logistic regression, artificial neural network, and naïve Bayes classifier models to predict missed appointments. We used 10-fold cross-validation to assess the models’ ability to identify patients missing their appointments. Results: Following data preprocessing and cleaning, the final dataset included 73811 unique appointments with 12,392 missed appointments. Predictors of missed appointments versus attended appointments included lead time (time between scheduling and the appointment), patient prior missed appointments, cell phone ownership, tobacco use and the number of days since last appointment. Models had a relatively high area under the curve for all 3 models (e.g., 0.86 for naïve Bayes classifier). Discussion: Patient appointment adherence varies across clinics within a healthcare system. Data analytics results demonstrate the value of existing clinical and operational data to address important operational and management issues. Conclusion: EHR data including patient and scheduling information predicted the missed appointments of underserved populations in urban CHCs. Our application of predictive modeling techniques helped prioritize the design and implementation of interventions that may improve efficiency in community health centers for more timely access to care. CHCs would benefit from investing in the technical resources needed to make these data readily available as a means to inform important operational and policy questions.