bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Added value of delayed post-contrast FLAIR in diagnosis of metastatic brain lesions
Authors: Ibrahim Rafik Mohamed , Rahman Shaimaa Ali Abdel , Elnekeidy Abd El Aziz Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Background

One of the drawbacks in contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI) is the enhancing cortical vessels which can be confused with meningeal enhancement. Previous studies reported that post-contrast FLAIR could be better for diagnosing the superficial brain abnormalities. So the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of delayed post-contrast FLAIR, in comparison with post-contrast T1, in the detection and evaluation of brain metastases.

Results

The study was conducted on 40 patients with suspected/known brain metastases scanned in order to detect and evaluate brain metastases. All patients were subjected to the following: full history taking, review of clinical examination reports, and other imaging modalities whenever available, followed by brain MRI examination using 1.5 T closed magnet including pre-contrast series, axial and sagittal T1-weighted spin echo (SE), axial and coronal T2-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) and axial FLAIR, while post-contrast series included axial, coronal and sagittal T1-weighted spin echo (SE) and lastly DPC-FLAIR sequence 10 min after contrast administration. This study included 18 males and 22 females, ranging in age from 26 to 75 years. Six out of a total of 40 patients had brain metastases of unknown origin, while 34 of them were presented with different types of known primary tumors. The detected lesions were subdivided into five groups according to their detectability by DPC-FLAIR and contrast-enhanced T1WI: Group (I): lesions detected only by DPC-FLAIR: 16 lesions; Group (II): lesions detected only by CE-T1WI: 1 lesion; Group (III): lesions detected by both DPC-FLAIR and CE-T1WI with equal conspicuity by both: 28 lesions; Group (IV): lesions detected by both, showing more obvious enhancement with DPC-FLAIR: 43 lesions; and Group (V): lesions detected by both, showing more obvious enhancement with CE-T1WI: 11 lesions. DPC-FLAIR had a sensitivity of 98.98% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of metastatic brain lesions and for CE-T1WI; sensitivity of 83.83%; and a specificity of 50%.

Conclusions

Delayed post-contrast FLAIR is a reliable sequence for the detection of metastatic brain lesions as it can detect more metastatic brain lesions compared to contrast-enhanced T1WI.
VivaSight Single-Lumen Tube Combined With Hyperangulated Videolaryngoscopy to Rescue Failed Tracheal Intubation in a Patient With Goldenhar Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Möhlenkamp Emma , Kohse Eva K. , Sasu Phillip B. , Peters Tanja , Grensemann Jörn , Breitfeld Philipp , Petzoldt Martin
Published: September 2022

This report describes a patient with Goldenhar syndrome undergoing anesthesia for whom Macintosh videolaryngoscopy failed, as the epiglottis was adhered to the posterior pharynx and could not be lifted with a tracheal introducer (Cormack-Lehane grade 3B). Hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy revealed only the arytenoids (Cormack-Lehane grade 2B), even after direct lifting of the epiglottis, and endotracheal tube advancement failed due to unclear tissue resistance. Hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy was combined with a tube-mounted camera (VivaSight single lumen tube). The combination of both camera perspectives was successfully used to allow placement of the endotracheal tube underneath the epiglottis and through the vocal cords.
Making Peace with Nature
Authors: Kim Eleana J.
Published: September 2022

The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) has been off-limits to human habitation for nearly seventy years, and in that time, biodiverse forms of life have flourished in and around the DMZ as beneficiaries of an unresolved war. In Making Peace with Nature Eleana J. Kim shows how a closer examination of the DMZ in South Korea reveals that the area’s biodiversity is inseparable from scientific practices and geopolitical, capitalist, and ecological dynamics. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with ecologists, scientists, and local residents, Kim focuses on irrigation ponds, migratory bird flyways, and land mines in the South Korean DMZ area, demonstrating how human and nonhuman ecologies interact and transform in spaces defined by war and militarization. In so doing, Kim reframes peace away from a human-oriented political or economic peace and toward a more-than-human, biological peace. Such a peace recognizes the reality of war while pointing to potential forms of human and nonhuman relations.
Building a healthy mouse model ecosystem to interrogate cancer biology
Authors: Devlin Ryan , Roberts Ed
Published: September 2022

In a recent study, Sargent et al. characterise several novel Rag1−/− mouse strains and demonstrate that genetic background strongly influences xenograft development and phenotype. Here, we discuss this work within the broader context of cancer mouse modelling. We argue that new technologies will enable insights into how specific models align with human disease states and that this knowledge can be used to develop a diverse ecosystem of complementary mouse models of cancer. By utilising these diverse, well-characterised models to provide multiple perspectives on specific cancers, it should be possible to reduce the inappropriate attrition of sound hypotheses while protecting against false positives. Furthermore, careful re-introduction of biological variation, be that through outbred populations, environmental diversity or including animals of both sexes, can ensure that results are more broadly applicable and are less impacted by particular traits of homogeneous experimental populations. Thus, careful characterisation and judicious use of an array of mouse models provides an opportunity to address some of the issues surrounding both the reproducibility and translatability crises often referenced in pre-clinical cancer research.
Long-Term Variations of Air Temperature, SST, Surface Atmospheric Pressure, Surface Salinity and Wind Speed in the Aegean Sea
Authors: TUKENMEZ EMRE , ALTIOK HUSNE
Published: September 2022

In this study, temporal and spatial trends of sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed, air temperature, sea surface salinity (SSS), sea-level pressure (SLP), and SST-based upwelling index are examined and compared with data from previous studies. Analyses of these parameters are performed for five critical locations that best illustrate the characteristic meteorological and oceanographic structures of the Aegean Sea. Upwelling index calculations are conducted with respect to latitude in order to reveal variations and detect upwelling strength easily. Long-term variations of all parameters are investigated using long-term ECMWF ERA-Interim data covering the period from 1979 to 2018; moreover, the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (Global SSS/SSD L4) is used to obtain SSS data that cover the period of 2000-2015. Linear trend and Mann-Kendall tests are applied to identify tendencies and long-term variability. Monthly-average SST and air temperature data exhibit rising trends over the past 40 years. The results also reveal a decreasing trend in wind speed and SLP over the Aegean Sea. It is hard to determine, however, whether the current warming trend is a natural reaction of Earth or not.
ENA Source Attribute Helper: An Application Programming Interface to facilitate accurate reference to biological source data
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Paupério Joana , Burgin Josephine , Jayathilaka Suran , Cochrane Guy
Published: September 2022

Background: Metadata attributes of sequences that accurately reference their biological sources, as specimens or other materials of origin, and link with natural history collections, are essential to facilitate the connections between different fields in life sciences and promote reusability of data. However, metadata used to reference the biological source of sequences available within the molecular data repositories are not always well structured or comprehensive.

Methods: Within the scope of the Horizon 2020 project Biodiversity Community Integrated Knowledge Library (BiCIKL), we have developed a tool, the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) Source Attribute Helper Application Programming Interface (API), to help users accurately report biological source-related sequence and sample attributes. This tool currently focuses on the attributes in which specimens, cultures or other materials are identified, from which the sequence data were derived, and uses curated data to obtain the unique codes for the institutions and collections holding the vouchers. The API's main functions include the presentation of metadata associated with queried institutions or collections, validation of institution and collection codes in the attribute strings provided by the user, and the construction of an attribute string based on user-entered data. The API does not however support the search of voucher specimen codes, as these need to be obtained directly from the voucher institutions. We describe the API and discuss use cases for its different endpoints. The API is available at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/sah/api/.

Conclusions: We expect the API to promote and support the initial submission and any subsequent curation of biological source attributes, and hereby contribute to better links between sequence data and natural history collections, and hence on to taxonomy and biodiversity research, towards increasing the discoverability, reusability and impact of data.
Overage Charge or Loyalty Discount: When Should Extra Consumptions Be Penalized or Rewarded?
Authors: Guo Liang
Published: September 2022

Firms can design tariffs with either an overage charge or a loyalty discount (but not both) to sequentially screen consumers who are heterogenous in consumption value distribution and demand frequency.
Optimal Pricing and Introduction Timing of Technology Upgrades in Subscription-Based Services
Authors: Kash Ian A. , Key Peter B. , Zoumpoulis Spyros I.
Published: September 2022

Many technologies that fuel subscription-based services improve over time. Examples are mobile phones, software suites (Microsoft Office, Adobe Creative Cloud), subscription services (Netflix), and cloud service providers. Additionally, modern subscription services are increasingly personalized to individual subscribers, and as a result, discriminatory pricing is ever-present in the marketplace, allowing firms to reward existing customers with discounts and special offers on upgrades. However, customers may be averse to switching to improved services because of costs related to redesigning business processes, downtime, or customer inertia. We propose a model of technology upgrades featuring discriminatory pricing based on customers’ upgrade experience. We characterize the optimal pricing policy for the service provider and develop an efficient algorithm for computing optimal prices. We also characterize the optimal timing of technology introductions and show that it is generally optimal to introduce new technologies in periodic intervals after some time.
When Less Is More: How Statistical Discrimination Can Decrease Predictive Accuracy
Authors: Csaszar Felipe A. , Jue-Rajasingh Diana , Jensen Michael
Published: September 2022

Discrimination is a pervasive aspect of modern society and human relations. Statistical discrimination theory suggests that profit-maximizing employers should use all the information about job candidates, including information about group membership (e.g., race or gender), to make accurate predictions. In contrast, research on heuristics in psychology suggests that using less information can be better. Drawing on research on heuristics, we show that even small amounts of inconsistency can make predictions using group membership less accurate than predictions that do not use this information. That is, whereas statistical discrimination theory implies that better predictions can be achieved by using all available information about an individual (including group characteristics that may be correlated with but do not cause performance), our model shows that using all available information only improves predictive accuracy under a very specific set of conditions, thus suggesting that statistical discrimination often results in worse predictions. By understanding when statistical discrimination improves or worsens predictions, our work cautions decision makers and uncovers paths toward reducing the occurrence of situations in which statistical discrimination benefits predictive accuracy, thus reducing its pervasiveness in society.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1626 .
Sharing the Responsibility for Children Experiencing Poverty: Wellbeing, Empowerment, Complexification, and Ecosystem Leadership
Authors: McClellan Rhonda L. , Argue Sarah E.
Published: September 2022

Poverty is a clustered and corrosive disadvantage that affects students throughout their lives. The education system has been positioned as an opportunity to break the cycle of poverty. Yet, the education system continues to fail to achieve its potential. We conceptually explore how educational leaders could perceive their responsibility in assisting children experiencing poverty and in leveraging the education ecosystem to fulfill the promise of full capability functioning through self-agency and empowerment. We call for an education leadership shift from an outcomes-based paradigm to a student-focused paradigm that embraces the complexity of poverty, develops students’ opportunities for self-agency and empowerment, and ultimately leads to a higher quality of life. We propose an interdisciplinary model of leadership.
Differential attainment, socioeconomic factors and surgical training
Authors: Vinnicombe Z , Little M , Super J , Anakwe R
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Differential attainment (DA) is the gap in levels of achievement between different groups; socioeconomic factors are thought to play a significant role in DA. The aim of this study was to review and assess the evidence for DA in early surgical training and to examine the potential influence of socioeconomic status.

Methods

Data were obtained from the General Medical Council GMC for those taking Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) examinations between 2016 and 2019 and core surgical training annual review of competency progression (ARCP) outcomes between 2017 and 2019. The index of multiple deprivation (IMD) was used as a measure of socioeconomic background. Trainees were then divided into deprivation quintiles (DQ1=most deprived, DQ5=least deprived). MRCS and ARCP outcomes were compared between DQ groups using 95% confidence intervals and chi-square tests.

Results

Those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds had significantly lower overall MRCS pass rates (DQ1=45.5%, DQ2=48.9% vs DQ4=59.6%, DQ5=61.5%, p<0.05) and 1st time pass rates (DQ1&2=46.6% vs DQ4&5=63.5%, p<0.001). Additionally, they had a significantly higher number of attempts required to pass MRCS (DQ 1&2=1.86 vs DQ 4&5=1.54, p<0.01). Those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds had a significantly greater proportion of unsatisfactory ARCP outcomes (DQ1&2=24.4% vs DQ 4&5=14.2%, p<0.05).

Conclusions

There is clear evidence of the influence of socioeconomic background on DA in early surgical training. However, the reasons for this are likely complex and more work is required to investigate this relationship.
The role of cholecystectomy following endoscopic sphincterotomy and bile duct stone removal
Authors: Toogood K , Pike T , Coe P , Everett S , Huggett M , Paranandi B , Bassi V , Toogood G , Smith A
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Choledocholithiasis is common, with patients usually treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and subsequent cholecystectomy to remove the presumed source of common bile duct (CBD) stones. However, previous investigations into the management of patients following ERCP have focused on recurrent CBD stones, negating the risks of cholecystectomy. This article appraises the role of cholecystectomy following successful endoscopic clearance of bile duct stones.

Methods

Patients undergoing ERCP and CBD clearance for choledocholithiasis at St James’s University Hospital January 2015–December 2018 were included. Patients were divided into those who received cholecystectomy and those managed non-operatively. Readmissions, operative morbidity, mortality and treatment costs were investigated.

Results

Eight hundred and forty-four patients received ERCP and CBD clearance with 3.9 years follow-up. Two hundred and nine patients underwent cholecystectomy with 15% requiring complex surgery. Three hundred and seventy-three patients were non-operatively managed. Unplanned readmissions occurred in 15% following ERCP, mostly within two years. There was no difference in readmissions between the two groups. Accounting for the entire patient pathway, non-operative management was less expensive.

Conclusions

The majority of patients do not require readmission following ERCP for CBD stones, and cholecystectomy did not reduce the risk of readmission. Few patients have recurrent CBD stones, but complex biliary surgery is frequently required. Routine cholecystectomy following ERCP needs to be re-evaluated and a more stratified approach to future risk developed.
War: what is it good for?
Authors: Kerstein Ryan
Published: September 2022

Our Editor looks ahead towards the upcoming announcement of the next Prime Minister and whether they will be up to the challenge of tackling the war on surgical waiting times.
The research conduct spectrum for surgeons: your career in their rule bending hands?
Authors: Roche C
Published: September 2022

Chris Roche discusses unethical surgical research conduct practices that occur more often than we would like to think, and the negative effect this has on surgeons who play by the rules.
The Library in 1947 and 2022: what has changed?
Authors: Isaac S , Hogan C
Published: September 2022

To mark the 75th anniversary of the Annals, we look at the evolution of the Lumley Library's service over the past 75 years.
Remember a Charity week: 5–11 September 2022
Authors: Extance-Vaughan Nicola
Published: September 2022

Make surgery your legacy and pledge to RCS England.
Consultant aspirations: a surgical trainee consensus process
Authors: Barlow E , Srikandarajah N , Burke J , Glasbey J , Mohan H , Bathla S , Humm G ,   on behalf of the ASiT Consultant Aspirations Consensus Collaborative Group, Ali W , Barclay J , Beamish A , Beaumont O , Chin Y , Clements J , Peckham-Cooper A , Das A , Deekonda P , Dovell G , Elanko A , Fleming C , Giwa L , Gonzi G , Hogg G , Hughes K , Hughes R , Kane E , King M , Man CB , Manook M , McLaughlin N , Mohamed W , Nally D , Naveed T , Nicholas R , Pucher P , Rajaretnam N , Rashid S , Rintoul-Hoad S , Sahnan K , Sarmah P , Stefanova I , Tanase A , Thaventhiran A , Wilkins A , Zhang C
Published: September 2022

Understanding what the current generation of trainees want to achieve is the key to understanding the future of the workforce

Introduction

Reform to surgical training over the last three decades has significantly affected the surgical workforce, career planning and progression. Despite changes to consultant job plans, there are no published data on trainees' aspirations and priorities for their future practice. In order to inform the design and structure of consultant job plans, this study sought to produce a trainee consensus statement regarding essential and desirable aspirations for their future professional practice as consultant surgeons.

Methods

This study used qualitative methodology with an initial survey to define themes, followed by an open invitation to a consensus session held at the Association of Surgeons in Training annual conference in Belfast in 2019.

Results

Fourteen essential and eight desirable aspirations for consultant practice were voted in and ratified at a formal consensus session. Essential aspirations included: regular theatre lists of cases in the clinician's subspecialty area of interest; regular theatre lists for teaching; regular ward rounds of the clinician's own patients; regular involvement in multidisciplinary team meetings, and morbidity and mortality meetings; a fixed elective schedule; specialty specific procedural lists; flexible working; dedicated time for administration, teaching, education and continuing professional development; options for sabbatical leave; and working in a supportive department.

Conclusions

This is the first formal national consensus process used to identify what surgical trainees deem as essential and desirable aspirations for their future practice as consultants. Healthcare employers should consider these aspirations when creating job plans and posts to attract trainees, encourage job satisfaction, improve workforce retention, and ultimately improve service delivery and patient care.
Cut from the same cloth?
Authors: Al-Saadi N , Al-Saadi A , Lewis SE , Parvin A , Busuttil A , Bowrey DJ
Published: September 2022

We look at the experiences of hijabi women in UK operating theatres.

Introduction

Patients from minority backgrounds in the UK frequently have worse experiences of care than their White counterparts. A more ethnically diverse workforce could offer a solution. Despite this, medical professionals from minority backgrounds (specifically Muslim women wearing a headscarf) are less likely to pursue a career in surgery. This study evaluated the experience of medical professionals who wear the hijab (Islamic headdress) in UK operating theatres.

Methods

A survey was distributed nationally in 2019 and again in 2021 to hijabi Muslim medical professionals in order to gain an understanding of their overall experience in operating theatres. Ninety responses were received from the distribution of the questionnaire over both time periods (35 in 2019 and 55 in 2021).

Results

Three quarters (77% in 2019 and 76% in 2021) of participants reported feeling anxious about wearing a hijab in the operating theatre. Approximately half (54% in 2019 and 46% in 2021) had been asked to remove their hijab before entering theatre in the past. Overall, the majority (87%) stated that they would be more inclined to attend theatre if hijab friendly scrub caps were available and all respondents felt that more should be done to facilitate women wearing a hijab in theatre.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the need for improvement to ensure hijabi women feel comfortable in the operating theatre. Simple steps, including availability of sterile hijabs and implementation of hijab specific dress policies, can help create a more ethnically diverse healthcare workforce, support individuals’ talents and improve overall patient experience.
Review of the Future of Surgery: Technology Enhanced Surgical Training report
Authors: Lam Angela
Published: September 2022

Our guest Technologist reviews the highly anticipated FOS:TEST report.
Virtual reality technology in linked orthopaedic training in Ethiopia
Authors: Lyons M , Aquilina A , Berwin J , Degarege D , Vipulendran K , Thomas S
Published: September 2022

Introduction

We describe the feasibility of delivering a live orthopaedic surgical teaching session with virtual reality (VR) technology simultaneously for trainee surgeons in Ethiopia and the UK.

Methods

Forty-three delegates from the Severn Deanery in the UK (n=30) and Bahir Dar in Ethiopia (n=13) attended a live training session in February 2021. During the session, participants watched a surgical operation (recorded earlier that week with a 360° VR camera) alongside live commentary. A qualitative questionnaire was distributed to gauge feasibility, connectivity and educational value of the session as well as its VR component.

Results

The majority of delegates from both the UK and Ethiopia felt that the use of VR technology to aid surgical training is feasible, that it is useful for learning surgical approaches, that it aids surgical performance and that it is superior to conventional resources. Bahir Dar residents strongly agreed that VR simulation videos would allow trainees to supplement reduced learning opportunities as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and help to counteract their reduced operating experience. For Bahir Dar trainees, a lack of a stable internet connection for large VR files was the predominant issue.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that there are infrastructure challenges in low and middle income countries (LMICs) in terms of the reliable delivery of VR teaching in orthopaedics at the current time. Despite this, our findings better inform the potential role of VR technology in surgical education, and shed light on the possibility for it to feed into and enrich surgical training in both LMICs and high income countries.
No time to waste
Authors: King Martin
Published: September 2022

ASiT President Martin King discusses the future of surgical training and how to ensure the next generation of trainees can fill the gaps of exiting surgeons.
Predicting the Surface Topography of Stainless Steel Cut by Fibre Laser via Deep Learning
Authors: Courtier Alexander F. , Praeger Matt , Grant-Jacob James A. , Codemard Christophe , Harrison Paul , Mills Ben , Zervas Michalis N.
Published: September 2022

Predicting target material topography resulting from fibre laser cutting is challenging. We show that deep learning offers a data-driven capability for predicting the topography of 2mm thick laser machined stainless steel for different cutting speeds.
Ultrasensitive ultrasound sensing using optical microcavities in the dissipative mechanism
Authors: Meng Jia-Wei , Tang Shui-Jing , Sun Jialve , Shen Ke , Li Changhui , Gong Qihuang , Xiao Yun-Feng
Published: September 2022

We study an ultrasound sensor using the dissipative interaction in an optical microcavity-microfiber coupling system. The sensitivity of this dissipative microcavity is demonstrated to be insensitive to Q factors.
Rapid Patterning of Nonlinear Optical 2D-photonic Crystals on Indium Tin Oxide
Authors: Vittadello Laura , Imlau Mirco , Alarslan Fatih , Klein Jonas , Khan Qaiser Ali , Haase Markus , Schäfer Helmut , Steinhart Martin
Published: September 2022

Rapid pattering of honeycomb nonlinear optical, 2D-photonic crystals on ITO is demonstrated via parallel capillary stamping of lithium niobate. Mediated interaction between the photonic crystal and gold nanoparticles by infrared light is validated using SHG.
Low-loss lithium niobate integrated photonics with tight optical confinement
Authors: Tan Zelin , Li Zihan , Wang Rui N. , Churaev Mikhail , Snigirev Viacheslav , Lihachev Grigory , Kippenberg Tobias J.
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate a strip waveguide-based LiNbO3 photonic integrated circuit fabricated with a hard mask approach. The steep sidewall configuration tight optical confinement and dispersion control while preserving ultra-low loss of <0.1 dB/cm
Ground-based, Laser Heterodyne Radiometer Measurements of Methane Vertical Profiles
Authors: Vakhtin Andrei B. , Bomse David. S. , Flores Monica F. , Miller J. Houston
Published: September 2022

A laser heterodyne radiometry (LHR) technique for the determination of the vertical distribution of methane and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere using a single, near infrared laser is reported.
Simultaneous measurement of outdoor O2, CO2, and CH4 with a dual-comb spectrometer
Authors: Malarich Nathan , Washburn Brian R. , Cossel Kevin , Giorgetta Fabrizio , DePaola Brett D. , Welch Steven M. , Santos Eduardo A. , Newbury Nathan , Coddington Ian
Published: September 2022

We configure a fiber-laser based dual-comb spectrometer to measure the O2 delta band (1260 nm) in addition to CO2 and CH4 absorption features (1600 nm).
Multimodal Photoacoustic Microscopy, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Fluorescence in vivo Tracking of Stem Cells
Authors: Nguyen Van Phuc , Fan Wen , Zhu Tianye , Qian Wei , Li Yanxiu , Zhang Wei , Henry Jessica , Liu Bing , Wang Xueding , Paulus Yannis M.
Published: September 2022

We present a novel method for longitudinal tracking of transplanted stem cells in the subretinal space in a living rabbit using multimodal photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescence imaging.
Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) Using a Hybrid Silicon Photonic External-Cavity Laser (ECL)
Authors: Maier P. , Bremauer C. , Bao Y. , Xu Y. , Ganin D. , Randel S. , Freude W. , Koos C.
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate the first swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) measurement that relies on an integrated hybrid InP/silicon-photonic external-cavity laser (ECL). We prove the viability of the scheme by recording volumetric images constructed from 90 000 A-scans.
A diffuse photon-counting LiDAR for optical characterization of glacier ice
Authors: Allgaier Markus , Cooper Matthew G. , Carlson Anders E. , Cooley Sarah W. , Ryan Jonathan C. , Smith Brian J.
Published: September 2022

We present a portable photon-counting LiDAR that uses a bistatic geometry to measure pulse broadening in the multiple-scattering regime. A diffusion model allows us to extract optical scattering and absorption coefficients of glacier ice.
Vapor-condensed nano-lenses for air-quality monitoring with a lensfree imaging system
Authors: Baker Maryam , Melzer Jeffrey , Gollier Florian , Garan Jacob , McLeod Euan
Published: September 2022

Many air-quality monitoring devices can detect different sizes of particles but cannot quantify individual particle sizes across the range 0.1-10 μm. Here we show such a device that is furthermore cost-effective and portable.
Characterization of exhaled e-cigarette aerosols in a vape shop using a field-portable holographic on-chip microscope
Authors: Çetintaş Ege , Luo Yi , Nguyen Charlene , Guo Yuening , Li Liqiao , Zhu Yifang , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: September 2022

Field experiments measuring the volatility of e-cig generated aerosols using a deep learning-enabled portable holographic microscope were conducted in a vape shop, showing a link between e-cig usage and the volatility of aerosols.
Autonomous and Self-correcting Laser Subtractive Patterning Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Xie Yunhui , Praeger Matthew , Grant-Jacob James A , Eason Robert W , Mills Ben
Published: September 2022

A novel subtractive laser patterning approach, actuated by reinforcement learning-controlled motorized XYZ stages, enables path-planning for quasi-arbitrary target patterns and an ability to supervise the machining process and perform self-correction following inadvertent pulse misfires.
Comparison of Linear and Circular Polarization Ultrafast Laser Pulses Ionization in Bulk Dielectrics
Authors: Hu Kailin , Guo Ziyue , Liu Shaozhen , Tao Cao , liu Zhihong , Xu Qi , Li Zhou , Chen Kun , Peng Jiahui
Published: September 2022

We experimentally confirm the polarization dependent of multiphoton ionization and the polarization independent of avalanche ionization in the intensity regime of 10 TWcm-2. By modeling the ultrafast laser interaction with bulk fused silica, we obtain the multiphoton ionization cross section for linear and circular polarization. Then we verify, both with experiments and numerical simulations, that circularly polarized picosecond pulses can be employed to improve the micromachining precision while keeping the machining efficiency.
Optical Scattering Tomography for Volumetric Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Orth Antony , Sampson Kathleen L. , Zhang Yujie , Ting Kayley , Webber Daniel , van Egmond Derek Aranguren , Laqua Kurtis , Lacelle Thomas , Fatehi Dorothy , Boisvert Jonathan , Paquet Chantal
Published: September 2022

We introduce a new optical method for real-time monitoring of volumetric additive manufacturing. Using tomographic geometry for printing and imaging, we simultaneously print and record the 3D shape of the object during photopolymerization.
Imaging 3D molecular orientation by polarization-controlled hyperspectral IR microscopy
Authors: Lee Young Jong
Published: September 2022

An imaging algorithm converts conventional polarization-controlled IR hyperspectral data into images of the 3D angles of molecular orientations. The new polarization IR method maps the 3D orientation angles of polymer chains in a PCL film.
Phase Recovery and Holographic Imaging using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)
Authors: Huang Luzhe , Liu Tairan , Yang Xilin , Luo Yi , Rivenson Yair , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate a recurrent neural network (RNN) enabled holographic imaging method that simultaneously performs autofocusing and phase recovery, achieving faster reconstruction speed and extended depth-of-field.
Generation of High-power Picosecond Optical Vortex beams from a Yb-doped Multicore Fiber Amplifier
Authors: Ji K. , Lin D. , Davidson I. A. , Wang S. , Carpenter J. , Amma Y. , Jung Y. , Richardson D. J.
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate the generation of optical vortex beams with controllable topological charge of l=±1 from a coherently-combined Yb-doped multicore (6-core) fiber amplifier. An average/peak power of 7-W/21.3-kW is achieved for 110-ps pulses.
High Pulse Energy, Erbium-doped, Very-Large Mode Area Fiber Amplifier
Authors: Sudarshanam Venkatapuram S. , Nicholson Jeffrey W. , Jin Cang , Grimes Andrew , DeSantolo Anthony
Published: September 2022

We report pulse energy ~3.85mJ from 1480nm core-pumped, 6m long Er-doped VLMA fiber amplifier with 50µm core diameter and 50dB/m absorption, and diffraction-limited output, by amplifying broad-linewidth microsecond pulses at 10-kHz repetition rate.
Label-free multiplexed microtomography of endogenous subcellular dynamics using generalizable deep learning
Authors: Jo YoungJu , Cho Hyungjoo , Park Wei Sun , Kim Geon , Ryu DongHun , Kim Young Seo , Lee Moosung , Park Sangwoo , Lee Mahn Jae , Joo Hosung , Jo HangHun , Lee Seongsoo , Lee Sumin , Min Hyun-seok , Heo Won Do , Park YongKeun
Published: September 2022

We report a deep-learning-based imaging technique to predict 3D multiplexed fluorescence signals based on label-free refractive index measurements. We demonstrate the retrieval of specific subcellular information without exogenous labeling or staining, enabling multiplexed molecular imaging across various spatiotemporal scales.
GHz Erbium-Doped Mode-Locked Laser Dual-Frequency Comb Spectrometer
Authors: Voumard Thibault , Darvill John , Wildi Thibault , Ludwig Markus , Mohr Christian , Hartl Ingmar , Herr Tobias
Published: September 2022

In dual-comb spectroscopy, the maximal spectral coverage and the minimal measurement time depend quadratically on the lasers’ pulse repetition rate. Here, we demonstrate a high-repetition rate 1 GHz dual-comb spectrometer based on low-noise Erbium-doped mode-locked lasers.
Top-Side Illuminated InAs/AlAsSb Quantum Cascade Detector at 2.7 μm
Authors: Giparakis Miriam , Knötig Hedwig , Detz Hermann , Beiser Maximilian , Schrenk Werner , Schwarz Benedikt , Strasser Gottfried , Andrews Aaron Maxwell
Published: September 2022

We present the design, growth, and optical and electrical characterization of an InAs/AlAs0.16Sb0.84 quantum cascade detector at 2.7 μm designed for top-side illumination assisted by a diffraction grating with a room-temperature responsivity of 5.63 mA/W.
Widely Tunable O-band Lithium Niobite/III-V Hybrid Laser
Authors: Han Ya , Zhang Xian , Yu Siyuan , Wang Ruijun , Cail Xinlun
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate an electrically pumped widely tunable lithium Niobite/III-V hybrid laser offering over 40 nm tuning range in the O-band, and a maximum output power of 5.2 mW.
3-Core Microstructure Optical Fiber-Based Fiber Optic Parametric Oscillator
Authors: DiBenedetto Albert , Sapkota Deepak , Gammill Trevor , Sharping Jay E.
Published: September 2022

We report on a multi-core microstructure optical fiber-based fiber optic parametric oscillator (FOPO), the first of its kind. The FOPO has wavelength tunability over 125 nm and a pump-to-signal conversion efficiency reaching 24%.
Multimode soliton interactions and molecules in GRIN optical fibers
Authors: Sun Yifan , Zitelli Mario , Ferraro Mario , Mangini Fabio , Parra-Rivas Pedro , Couderc Vincent , Wabnitz Stefan
Published: September 2022

We experimentally study the interactions of multimode Raman solitons in graded-index optical fibers. Fission of a femtosecond multisoliton pulse leads to anomalous soliton self-frequency shift, inelastic collisions and multimode soliton molecules.
High efficiency mid-infrared soliton self-frequency shift in a fluoride fiber
Authors: Shamim Md Hosne Mobarok , Alamgir Imtiaz , Rochette Martin
Published: September 2022

We present a simple and efficient design of wavelength converter tunable in the wavelength range of 2.10-2.65 μm. Raman solitons at 1.94 μm are frequency shifted in a fluoride fiber with conversion efficiency of 53%-91%.
Dual Channel High Power OPCPA System for 3-photon In-Vivo Brain Imaging
Authors: Schulz Michael , Golz Torsten , Merkl Philipp , Braatz Thomas , Petev Mihail , Starosielec Sebastian , Zapolnova Ekaterina , Buss Jan Heye , Riedel Robert
Published: September 2022

A compact high power OPCPA system with two output channels at 1300 nm and 1700 nm and ultrashort pulses is presented for 3-photon in-vivo brain imaging with repetition rates of up to 4MHz.
Role of Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Nanophotonics and Nanostructuring
Authors: Terekhin Pavel N. , Oltmanns Jens , Ivanov Dmitry S. , Kleinwort Frederick , Garcia Martin E. , Ihlemann Jürgen , Simon Peter , Rethfeld Baerbel
Published: September 2022

Surface plasmon polaritons may induce a spatially modulated heat profile, which can cause the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). This contribution summarizes theoretical approaches and experimental verifications at different laser fluence regimes.
A laser diagnostic for HCN detection in mid-infrared
Authors: Elkhazraji Ali , Adil Mohammad , Giri Binod , Mhanna Mhanna , Abualsaud Nawaf , Alsulami Ahmed Ayidh , Shakfa Mohammad Khaled , Marangoni Marco , Farooq Aamir
Published: September 2022

A difference-frequency generation (DFG) laser is used to develop a diagnostic for HCN sensing near 14 μm. Pressure- and temperature-dependent absorption cross-sections are reported. The sensor is showcased in shock tube chemical kinetic experiments.
Phase-Based Multi-Tone CW Lidar: A Technique for Ranging Beyond the Coherence Length of the CW Laser
Authors: Bayer Mustafa Mert , Li Xun , Atalar Ataberk , Boyraz Ozdal
Published: September 2022

We experimentally demonstrate ranging and velocimetry at >500× beyond the coherence length of a CW laser in a technique called phase-based multi-tone continuous-wave lidar that eliminates the need for any form of phase or frequency sweeping.
Laser-Based Sensor for Multi-Species Detection Using CEAS and DNN
Authors: Mhanna Mhanna , Sy Mohamed , Elkhazraji Ali , Farooq Aamir
Published: September 2022

A laser sensor is developed for simultaneous multi-species detection in high-temperature shock-tube experiments. It is based on a tunable DFB-ICL near 3.3 μm, off-axis CEAS and DNN for sensitive and selective measurements of target species.
Microresonator based Coherent Random Waveform Parallel Laser Ranging
Authors: Lukashchuk Anton , Riemensberger Johann , Tusnin Aleksandr , Liu Junqiu , Kippenberg Tobias J.
Published: September 2022

We show that incoherent and chaotic states of light in a photonic chip based Kerr microresonator can be harnessed to implement unambiguous and interference-immune massively parallel coherent laser ranging by using the intrinsic random amplitude and phase modulation of the chaotic comb lines.
Nanophotonic Scanning Probes for Nanoscale Imaging of Thermal Conductivity and Interfacial Thermal Conductance
Authors: Wang Mingkang , Perez-Morelo Diego J. , Ramer Georg , Pavlidis Goerges , Schwartz Jeffrey , Centrone Andrea , Aksyuk Vladimir
Published: September 2022

Nanophotonic resonator integration and miniaturization decrease detection noise of nanomechanical scanning probe microscopy and increase its throughput. Using pulsed laser excitation, we demonstrate fast imaging (≈500,000× faster than a commercial probe) of thermal properties with 35nm spatial resolution.
Third Order Parametric Oscillations in a Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Comb
Authors: Chomet B. , Bonazzi T. , Rodriguez E. , Kapsalidis F. , Gacemi D. , Vasanelli A. , Todorov Y. , Faist J. , Sirtori C.
Published: September 2022

A frequency comb in a quantum cascade laser can appear with two distinct spectral lobes. These two spectral features are switching in time and show strong anticorrelations similarly to parametric phenomena.
Functional Drug Sensitivity Screening of Bioprinted Tumor Organoids using High-Speed Live Cell Interferometry
Authors: Wang Bowen , Tebon Peyton J. , Markowitz Alexander L. , Murray Graeme F. , Nguyen Huyen Thi Lam , Tavanaie Nasrin , Nguyen Thang L. , Boutros Paul C. , Soragni Alice , Teitell Michael A.
Published: September 2022

We develop a method to apply a high-throughput quantitative phase imaging-based assay to functional biomass accumulation measurements of 3D tumor organoids with single-organoid resolution, and demonstrate its utility for drug screening and therapy selection.
High-Resolution Quantum Cascade Laser Dual-Comb Spectroscopy with Accurate, Absolute Frequency Scale
Authors: Gianella Michele , Komagata Kenichi , Vogel Simon , Wittwer Valentin J. , Bertrand Mathieu , Schilt Stéphane , Faist Jérôme , Südmeyer Thomas , Emmenegger Lukas
Published: September 2022

We acquire interleaved spectra with a frequency scale that is accurate to within ±2 MHz in 54 ms using a dual-comb spectrometer with two quantum cascade laser frequency combs around 1300 cm−1.
Absolute Angular Position Sensing by Dual-Comb Autocollimator
Authors: Zhou Siyu , Jiang Ruilin , Zhang Ruixue , Liu Jie , Cai Yawen , Liu Jiuli , Wu Guanhao
Published: September 2022

We propose a dynamic absolute angular position measurement method based on dual-comb spectroscopy combined with laser auto-collimation technique. The method exhibits a dynamic angle precision of 0.12 arcsec in the range of ~6660 arcsec.
Optical synchronization of a 2 μm Ho:fiber oscillator and phase-noise analysis
Authors: Calendron A.-L. , Lamb T. , Mahnke C. , Cankaya H. , Schulz S. , Müller J. , Hartl I. , Schlarb H.
Published: September 2022

A 2 μm Holmium oscillator, frequency-converted to 1025 nm, and a 1030 nm oscillator locked to an RF reference are synchronized optically. The timing jitter measured on the 2 μm oscillator is reduced to 19 fs.
Dynamic monitoring of strain distribution in optical fiber coils
Authors: Travers Pierre , Arpison Guillaume , Ghorbel Inès , Crozatier Vincent , Léguillon Yohann , Louf François , Boucard Pierre-Alain , Kemlin Vincent
Published: September 2022

We present a high frequency (500 Hz) and high resolution (sub-50 cm) strain distribution measurement in a 1-km fiber coil excited by a shaker, using a phase-sensitive optical frequency domain reflectometer.
Broadband, Programmable Phototransistor using Black Phosphorus
Authors: Lee Seokhyeong , Peng Ruoming , Wu Changming , Li Mo
Published: September 2022

Black phosphorus is promising for its electrostatic tunability of optical and electronic properties. We engineered a charge storage layer for non-volatile tuning of the BP-channel and demonstrated programmable electric-conductivities and photo-responsivities for optoelectronic in-memory computing.
Demonstration of 372 nm Micropillar Light Emitting Diodes Using Novel Ni/Au/Ni Dry Etch Mask and Ohmic Contact
Authors: Seitz Matthew , Hartensveld Matthew , Melanson Bryan , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2022

Micropillar InGaN/AlGaN LEDs were fabricated using a novel Ni/Au/Ni etching mask. This Ni/Au/Ni structure effectively combines a good ohmic contact and etching mask into a single structure, allowing for demonstration of 372 nm micropillar LEDs.
Face-down Pumped Quantum Dot LEDs Novel Package
Authors: Huang Chung-Ping , Lin Guan-Teng , Huang Yu-Ming , Kuo Hao-Chung , Lin Chien-Chung
Published: September 2022

The PLQY of the novel face-down pumped package is increased 11.1% than that of the traditional face-up pumped package. However, the operation temperature of the face-down pumped structure has increased.
Broadband, high polarization extinction ratio, and mirror-integrated superluminescent diode for light source of Si photonics
Authors: Guo Yong-Kuan , Weng Chen-Yu , Chen Rih-You , Chen Yang-Jeng , Fang Yi-Hsin , Chu Jyun-Ye , Hsiao Chung-Wei , Chen Bo-Hong , Lin Wei , Chiu Yi-Jen
Published: September 2022

Broadband and high polarization-extinction ratio (PER) superluminescent diode integrated with Si photonics platform has been demonstrated. The light was transferred into grating coupler by reflection mirror, leading to >1mW, >25nm bandwidth, and >20dB PER.
High Responsivity Amorphous Indium Zinc Oxide Photo Sensor For In-cell Fingerprint Identification
Authors: Chiu Yu-Chuan , Huang Jia-Lin , Chen Yu-Han , Gan Kai-Jhih , Ruan Dun-Bao , Hsu Chih-Chieh , Liu Po-Tsun
Published: September 2022

Amorphous InZnO material is chosen for a phototransistor sensing layer, respectively, with a completely compatible process integrated into in-cell embedded photo sensor architecture. The photo sensor exhibits a high optical responsivity (1720 A/W) and good signal to noise ratio (~103) under the low blue light illumination.
Enhanced Light Extraction Efficiency of Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode via Hybrid Patterned Sapphire Substrate
Authors: Memon Muhammad Hunain , Jia Hongfeng , Yu Huabin , Xiao Shudan , Wang Danhao , Liu Zhongling , Sun Haiding
Published: September 2022

We propose GaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) grown on a hybrid patterned sapphire substrate (HPSS). Compared with the LED grown on the conventional patterned sapphire substrate (CPSS), HPSS-LED exhibits 14.5% enhanced light output power.
SALTUS Probe Class Space Mission: Enabled by 20-m Inflatable Mirror
Authors: Kim Daewook , Arenberg Jonathan W. , Takashima Yuzuru , Palisoc Art , Walker Christopher
Published: September 2022

SALTUS (Single Aperture Large Telescope for Universe Studies) is a mid/far-infrared telescope concept utilizing a 20-m scale inflatable mirror antenna. The light-weight mirror utilizes a membrane architecture that has been developed and characterized specifically for space-based applications. The telescope's end-to-end optical design and optimization process unleashes the unprecedented photon collecting power of a large space aperture. A series of inflatable mirror prototypes have been designed, manufactured, and tested. These tests confirmed the optical performance of the apertures under space-like conditions. This paradigm changing approach will allow the realization of a new generation of space telescopes far larger than can be achieved utilizing conventional technologies.
Continuous atmospheric methane concentration monitoring using wavelength modulation spectroscopy and anti-resonant hollow core fiber
Authors: Gomółka G. , Stępniewski G. , Pysz D. , Buczyński R. , Klimczak M. , Nikodem M.
Published: September 2022

High-sensitivity atmospheric methane detector utilizing wavelength modulation spectroscopy is presented. DFB interband cascade laser operating near 3.27 μm and 7.5-m-long negative curvature hollow-core fiber are used and single-ppb detection limit is obtained.
Massively Parallel Generation of Random Numbers Using a Semiconductor Laser
Authors: Kim Kyungduk , Bittner Stefan , Zeng Yongquan , Guazzotti Stefano , Hess Ortwin , Wang Qi Jie , Cao Hui
Published: September 2022

We employ spatio-temporal interference of many lasing modes for ultrafast, scalable random number generation. The laser diode with a specially-designed cavity produces hundreds of bitstreams at a total rate of two orders-of-magnitude faster than state-of-the-art.
THz-wave generation and modulation for wireless communication using micro soliton comb
Authors: Tokizane Yu , Okamura Yasuhiro , Kishikawa Hiroki , Kuse Naoya , Yasui Takeshi
Published: September 2022

The THz-wave generation using O/E conversion of micro soliton comb modes has advantages in having compact laser source and the generation of THz-wave with low phase noise. We investigated the THz wireless communication systems using the two DFG lasers and micro soliton comb as a laser source.