bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pandemi Sürecinde Konya İlinde Yaşayan Yaşlı Bireylerde Meydana Gelen Sosyal ve Psikolojik Değişimlerin Peyzaj Mimarlığı Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Güngör Sertaç , Bütüner Fatma
Published: January 2022

Covid-19, which affects the whole world and is accepted as a pandemic by the world health organization, caused millions of people to die. The elderly are in the group with the highest risk of losing their lives due to the Covid-19 virus. Stricter restrictive / protective measures have been taken for the elderly in Turkey, as in the whole world. With this research, it is aimed to evaluate the sociological and psychological effects of the "elderly", who are one of the health risk groups of the society, in terms of landscape architecture, during the pandemic days when they had to experience various problems after the outbreak. In the study, face-to-face and online questionnaires were applied to individuals aged 50 and over on a voluntary basis. As a result of the study, it was determined that the implementation of curfews and restrictions for the elderly and the formation of an isolated lifestyle from other age groups caused an increase in loneliness and anxiety levels and negative psychological effects. It has been revealed that the activities that individuals will carry out in the green area, their conversations and socializing with their peers, and walks in the open area have a positive psychological and sociological effect for the elderly. It has been determined that the elderly who become lonely and depressed at home with the restrictions imposed under pandemic conditions want to be in green areas. The sociological and psychological positive effects of being in green areas and spending time, and the changes in the behaviour and emotions of the elderly who have pandemic restrictions paralleled the response of the participants to the questionnaire.
An Analysis of the Change in the Attitudes and Behaviors of Users before and after the Pandemic: Case Study; Ankara Çubuk-1 Dam
Authors: Güngör Sertaç , Doğan Elif Nur
Published: January 2022

During the pandemic process that has been going on for more than a year since the pandemic period was declared in 2020, the troubles and restrictions faced by people negatively affect the morale motivation of people. In this study, the definition of recreation areas, which are the leading places where people feel happy and peaceful, has been defined, what they contain is mentioned, and the adequacy of the recreational areas has been discussed in the survey and it has been determined that they are one of the most important needs in the cities. In the example of the recreation area of Çubuk-1 dam, it was investigated whether there is a change in the attitudes and behaviors of people before and after the pandemic, not face to face due to the pandemic, but through a voluntary survey based on social media. Although individuals thought that it was crowded after the pandemic, they preferred to use the recreation area of Çubuk-1 dam by paying attention to mask, distance and hygiene rules. The positive effects of physical activity, socialization, and outdoor travel on health are generally accepted by individuals. During the pandemic process, it has been observed that people have changed the way they spend their free time and the places they want to be, as they are overwhelmed by staying in their homes due to the prohibitions. The psychological and physical positive effects of recreation areas on human health and the changes caused by the pandemic in people's attitudes and behaviors paralleled the responses of the participants to the questionnaire.
Saurani Zeytinyağinin Bazi Kalite Parametreleri Üzerine Zeytin Olgunluğunun Etkisi
Authors: Bozdoğan Konuşkan Dilşat
Published: January 2022

There are 97 local olive varieties registered in our country, and Saurani is an olive variety from originating Hatay/Altınözü. Hatay province, which ranks first in olive production in the Mediterranean Region, has very suitable climate and soil conditions for olive cultivation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of olive maturity on quality parameters such as free fatty acids, peroxide value and fatty acid composition of the oil obtained from the Saurani olive variety grown in Hatay. For this purpose, olive oil was obtained by mechanical method from olives collected from Saurani variety in 3 different maturity periods of the 2020 production season. In Saurani olive oil, free fatty acids and peroxide numbers were found in the range of 0.62-0.91 % (oleic acid) and 3.68-5.26 meq O2/kg respectively. The amount of free fatty acids increased with maturity. In Saurani olive oil were determined oleic acid in the range of 66.32%-68.79%, palmitic acid in the range of12.47-13.75%, linoleic acid in the range of 11.43-13.84%, stearic acid in the range of 3.16-3.42%, palmitoleic acid 1.12%-1.34%, linolenic acid 0.88-1.01% and arachidic acid 0.41-0.52. It was determined that decrease in oleic acid content and an increase in linoleic acid content with maturity. It has been determined that Saurani olive oil is within the limits specified in the Turkish Food Codex on Olive Oil and Pirina Olive Oil in terms of the examined properties.
Fethiye Bölgesinde Açıkta Satılan Tüketime Hazır Bazı Gıdalarda Koliform Bakteri Sayısının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Çiftçi Mehtap , Öncül Nilgün
Published: January 2022

Since coliform bacteria are common both in the intestine and in nature (soil, plant, etc.), they are considered as a sanitation indicator in the food industry. It is known that the majority of bacteria defined as fecal coliform in the coliform group are Escherichia coli. The presence of E. coli or fecal coliform bacteria in any sample is an indication that the necessary hygienic measures are not taken during production, storage, and sale. That means the sample is directly or indirectly contaminated with faeces, and/or other intestinal pathogens may also exist. In this study, raw milk, freshly squeezed fruit juices, unpackaged ice cream, shaved ice, and ice-cold samples were purchased from the famous touristic destination Fethiye and analyzed for coliform bacteria. For this purpose, the samples were purchased from local marketplaces, buffets, cafes, patisseries, restaurants, and roadsides at Fethiye. In total 60 samples were analyzed using Violet Red Bile (VRB) Agar. The results of coliform bacteria ranged
Antalya İli Kumluca İlçesindeki Biber Yetiştirilen Seralarda Domates Lekeli Solgunluk Virüsü (Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus-TSWV)’ nün Yaygınlığı ve Konukçu Yabancı Ot Türlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Yeşil Serkan , Gömlekli Özder
Published: January 2022

There are many viruses that infect pepper and limit its production. Among these viruses, Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) infects crops in 35 plant families that are economically important, including pepper. In the present study; totaly 156 leaf samples were collected, including 57 from pepper plants showing virus-like symptoms and 99 from weeds and/or plants other than peppers in and around the greenhouse, through surveys carried out in pepper greenhouses in Kumluca district of Antalya province, from September to December 2020. Then, the plant leaf samples were tested to determine TSWV infections by the Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) method. According to result of the tests, it was determined that 55.76% of the tested leaf samples were infected with TSWV, while this rate was determined as 96.49% for pepper samples and 32.32% for other plant samples. During the survey studies, it was revealed that the leaf samples of 13 out of 31 weed and different plant species except pepper were infected with at least one of the viruses. In addition, pepper plants showing symptoms TSWV-like symptoms in pepper greenhouses were counted during the survey, and the prevalence of this virus disease was calculated on the basis of Kumluca district and neighborhoods. As a result of these calculations, the prevalences of TSWV; for Kumluca, Mavikent, Beykonak, Salur, Hacıveliler, Adrasan, Merkez, and Kavakköy were determined as 26.93%, 26.92%, 32.27%, 20.66%, 21.13%, 17.66%, 13%, and 25%, respectively.
In Vitro Regeneration of Tea (Camellia sinensis (L). O. Kuntze) By Somatic Embryogenesis from Immature Cotyledon Tissues
Authors: Yurteri Emine , Can Mücahit Salih , Seyis Fatih , Kuplemez Haydar
Published: January 2022

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is the world's most popular beverage plant, as well as an important plantation crop with high commercial value. It has been maintained for centuries through conventional vegetative propagation. Tea clonal propagation in vitro has the advantage of producing a large number of elite plants. If an efficient in vitro regeneration technology is available, this technique could be exploited for selection of tea plants for desired trait. The selected plants could be later on multiplied through in vitro or ex vitro techniques. The study aimed to induced somatic embryogenesis from immature embryo explants to genetic variaton. Different concentrations of phenylboronic acid with benzyladenine and phenylboronic acid with kinetin were tested in MS medium with 30 g/L sucrose and 8 g/L agar. MS medium without any plant growth regulators was used as control group. Considering the embryo survival rate, 1.5 mg/ L-1 phenylboronic acid + 1 mg/ L-1 kinetin produced highest result as 87.3% while lowest was in control group as 36.7%. The highest plant regeneration rate was found in 1,5 mg/ L-1 phenylboronic acid + 1 mg/ L-1 kinetin and 1.5 mg/ L-1 phenylboronic acid + 1 mg/ L-1 benzyladenine medium respectively as 58.3% and 55.6%. Kinetin treatment with increasing phenylboronic acid concentrations gave the best results in terms of somatic embryo survival rate. Also, kinetin treatment produced better results when compared to benzyladenine concentrations.
Effects of Acute Ammonium Nitrate Levels Caused by Agricultural Activities on Four Amphibian Species in The Eastern Black Sea Region
Authors: Karaoglu Handan
Published: January 2022

The tadpoles of four amphibian species, namely the Marsh Frog (Pelophylax ridibundus), the Iranian Long-Legged Frog (Rana macrocnemis), the Caucasian Parsley Frog (Pelodytes caucasicus) and the Variable Green Toad (Bufotes variabilis), were exposed to acute concentrations (0 to 500 mg/L) of ammonium nitrate to assess the lethal effects (larval growth, abnormalities, mortality, and LC50 values). Eggs of each species were obtained from clean and polluted habitats in the same region and the tadpoles for experiments were provided from those eggs in the laboratory conditions. Although there was some variability between different populations of the same species or between different species in the observed effects, acute levels of ammonium nitrate caused decreased growth rate and increased abnormalities and mortality in general. Among the 4 amphibian species, the Variable Green Toad was the most damaged one in terms of growth reduction (on average 77-83%), and abnormality rates, and the most damaged one in terms of mortality rates was the Marsh Frog (on average 61-72%). Additionally, the species with the lowest concentration of ammonium nitrate, which killed half of its population, was the Marsh Frog. LC50 values for two populations of Marsh Frog were 37 and 59 mg/L. As a result of our research, it was determined that the acute fertilizer levels caused by agricultural activities in the region had very important harmful effects for all the species we examined. In this context, it can be said that very important environmental and biodiversity problems may occur if certain precautions are not taken regarding the use of the fertilizers and if the awareness of the farmers using these fertilizers cannot be raised.
Kireçli Toprakta Börülcenin Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Vermikompost ve Mikoriza Uygulamalarının Etkileri
Authors: Şahin Sezer , Ataklı Seda Bice
Published: January 2022

Organic matter has a positive effect on the uptake of nutrients in the soil. The increase in mycorrhizal activities in the soil causes an increase in the activities in the rhizosphere region. Vermicompost is among the most useful organic fertilizers that can be added to the soil in recent years. Soil microflora is capable of realizing the return of mineral substances. Akkız cowpea variety was used in the study: The experiment was carried out as a viol study with 3 replications according to the randomized blocks trial design. In the study, seedling development was achieved by mixing vermicompost (0, 15, 30 and 45%) with and without mycorrhiza in a soil containing 16% lime into the viols in order to develop seedlings. Sufficient minerals have been applied to the plants for their growth. Seedlings were harvested when they were 40 days old, and seedling measurement parameters and macronutrients in plant leaves were checked. As the amount of vermicompost increased, it caused an increase in the above-ground fresh and dry weights, root fresh and root dry weights of the seedlings. As the organic fertilizer mixture increased, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium concentrations of the plant leaves increased. The addition of mycorrhiza to the rearing medium has led to different results in the investigated characteristics. Addition of increasing organic fertilizer ratios in the study, Organic fertilizer and bacteria application of cowpea cultivars were effective in increasing the development of plants in calcareous soils.
Konya İli Böğürtlen, Ahududu ve Kuşburnu Yetiştiriciliğinde Potansiyel Bir Tehdit: Ateş Yanıklığı Hastalığı
Authors: Öztürk Aysun , Bastas Kubilay Kurtulus
Published: January 2022

In the present study, totally 49 samples, which showed the symptoms of leaf and shoot blight and cankers with brown discoloration of necrotic tissues on mature branches, were collected from 22 districts and areas of Konya Province between 2017 and 2019. Presence rate of E. amylovora in collected samples, showing symptoms of the disease, from the province was determined to be 40% for blackberry and raspberry and 33% rosehip for rosehip in three years. Bacteria consistently isolated from the diseased tissues were identified on the basis of biochemical, physiological, and molecular tests, comparing with a reference strain of E. amylovora, isolated from blackberry (Kbb 371). Twenty seven representative bacterial strains were gram-negative, rod-shaped, mucoid, fermentative, positive for levan formation and acetoin production, no growth at 36°C, positive for gelatin hydrolysis, and negative for esculin hydrolysis, indole, urease, catalase, oxidase, arginine dehydrolase, reduction of nitrate, acid production from lactose, and inositol. All strains induced a hypersensitive response in tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum cv. White Burley) 24 h after inoculation with a 108 CFU ml-1 bacterial suspension in sterile distilled water. The strains were identified as E. amylovora using the species-specific primers set A/B (1), which amplified a 1-kb DNA fragment in PCR, and the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method. In order to fulfill the Koch postulates, pathogenicity test was confirmed by injecting bacterial suspensions of 108 CFU ml-1 in sterile distilled water into the shoot tips of 3-year-old blackberry R. fruticosus cv. Chester, raspberry R. idaeus cv. Heritage and rosehip R. canina. All tests were repeated three times. The bacterium was re-isolated from inoculated plants and identified as E. amylovora. Phytosanitary measures are needed to prevent any further spread of the bacterium as potential inoculum sources to new blackberry, raspberry and rosehip growing areas.
Cost and length of hospital stay for healthcare facilityonset Clostridioides Difficile infection in pediatric wards: a prospective cohort analysis
Authors: Demir Sevliya Öcal , Kepenekli Eda , Akkoç Gülşen , Yakut Nurhayat , Soysal Ahmet
Published: January 2022

Background. Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is a well-known causative agent of healthcare associated infection, it increases medical cost besides increasing morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to determine the incidence, and economic burden of healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infection (HO-CDI) in children.
Methods. Data was acquired with a prospective cohort study conducted in pediatric wards of a tertiary university hospital between August 2015 to August 2016. The HO-CDI was defined as diarrhea that began after 48 hours of admission with a positive cytotoxic stool assay for the presence of toxin A and/or B of C. difficile.
Results. In the 3172 admissions in one year, 212 (7%) healthcare associated diarrhea (HAD) episodes were observed, in 25 (12%) of them C. difficile was identified in which 6 (25%) cases < 2-year-old. The incidence of HOCDI was estimated as 8.8/10,000 patient-days. Cases with HO-CDI (n=19) were compared with cases with non- CDI-HAD (n=102); the presence of one of the risk factors for CDI increased the risk for HO-CDI (5,05; 95% Cl: 1.10-23.05; P 0,037), the median length of stay (LOS) attributable HO-CDI was 7 days (IQR,5-10) per admission, whereas for non-CDI-HAD was 2 days (IQR,0-4) (p=0.036). General hospitalization costs in the two groups were similar, specifically estimated costs attributable to HO-CDI and non-CID-HAD were $294.0 and $137.0 per hospitalization respectively (p= < 0.0001).
Conclusion. Although in children the incidence of HO-CDI is increasing, its clinical manifestation is still milder and effective infection control measures with antibiotic stewardship can limit related morbidly, mortality, LOS, and cost.
Parental knowledge about familial Mediterranean fever: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yıldırım Deniz Gezgin , Bakkaloğlu Sevcan A , Soysal-Acar A Şebnem , Buyan Necla
Published: January 2022

Background. The life-long course, long-term complications, necessity for regular treatment, and potential side effects of the medications must be well understood by parents of pediatric familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients. The aim of this study was to assess parental knowledge and to investigate how parents obtained scientific information about FMF.
Methods. One hundred and seventy-one pediatric FMF patients and their parents were enrolled in this crosssectional study. Three-part questionnaires, including forms on socio-demographics, knowledge and perceptions of FMF, and how to get information about FMF, were administered to parents.
Results. In the analysis of the knowledge questions, 90.1% of parents were aware of colchicine as an effective drug for FMF, but only 39.2% of them were aware that there is no vital risk during FMF attacks. Caregivers preferred to obtain information from physicians (98.8%), websites (47.9%), seminars (3.5%), and books (1.7%). The knowledge scores of parents were significantly higher among those whose children were using antiinterleukin- 1 therapy in addition to colchicine relative to those on colchicine alone (p = 0.04). There was a positive correlation between knowledge level and parental educational status (p = 0.0001).
Conclusions. Knowledge scores among parents of pediatric FMF patients are unsatisfactory. The parents whose children have a severe disease course and a need for anti-interleukin-1 therapy are more knowledgeable. For parents, continuing education programs including books, seminars and web-sites giving information about the course, prognosis, complications and treatments of FMF should be employed immediately after the diagnosis and thereafter.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation complicated with EBV associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a patient with DOCK2 deficiency
Authors: Aytekin Elif Soyak , Çağdaş Deniz , Tan Çağman , Çavdarlı Büşranur , Bilgiç Işıl , Tezcan İlhan
Published: January 2022

Background. Dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive combined immunodeficiency presenting with very early onset, severe bacterial and viral infections. In DOCK2 deficiency; T, B and NK cell numbers are decreased and functions are impaired resulting in severe atrophy of secondary lymphoid tissues. The aim of this report is to provide information on clinical and laboratory features and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) outcomes of a DOCK2 deficient patient. The patient was diagnosed by using a targeted next generation sequencing primary immunodeficiency (PID) panel. Lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow-cytometry.
Case. Here, we describe a patient with DOCK2 deficiency presented with severe combined immunodeficiency. He underwent HSCT without conditioning regimen before the genetic diagnosis and developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH) due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection.
Conclusions. Genetic testing is necessery for early diagnosis of DOCK2 deficiency. The curative treatment should be HSCT soon after diagnosis.
THE WAR AGAINST IMPUNITY FOR INTERNATIONAL CRIME: OPTICAL ILLUSION?
Authors: Manzanga Kpanya Ovide Egide
Published: January 2022

Deliberation on the imprescriptibility principle in international criminal law motivates determination towards the principle's function against impunity for international crimes. It is indeed a question of confronting this principle with judicial responsiveness, which relies on the speed of the criminal response. However, the current criminal response seems somewhat poorly considering the arising crimes. The poor execution enables criminals than the victims, which injures society. Therefore, it leads to inadmissibility. It is for this purpose that imprescriptibility arises and imposes itself comfortably. The research's conclusion attempts to demonstrate another facet of imprescriptibility. Imprescriptibility includes the impunity's ineffectiveness which passes irreversibly where ipso facto ensures impunity. This condition was perceived as a temporary and partial absence of justice that produced its socio-legal effects. Thus, the uncertainty of a judicial reaction resulting implicitly from this principle foster indolence in society. Over time, this would unsurprisingly lead to a denial of justice and eternal impunity.
DISINTEGRATION AMONG WOMEN: HINDUS WOMEN' CHALLENGES IN BUILDING SUKINAH FAMILY
Authors: Maharatni Ida Ayu Alit , Suda I Ketut , Karmini Ni Wayan
Published: January 2022

Subordination of women becomes a question in carrying out the household dish, especially the care for children who are born, which is the responsibility of husband and wife. It is impossible for the Sukhinah family to be formed if the burdens, both domestic and social, are not matched equally between men and women. Like a pillar in a house, if the load is not the same, not only will one of the pillars be destroyed but the house itself will collapse, if that is the case then the sukhinah family is the goal of every Hindu marriage, namely a happy and prosperous marriage that will not be realized. In fact there are divorce cases that have occurred in Denpasar City, divorce cases for Hindu couples in general have increased, namely in 2013 as many as 297 cases, in 2014 as many as 326 cases, 2015 as many as 315 cases, in 2016 as many as 418 cases, in 2017 as many as 495 cases , and in 2018 there were 566 cases. Based on the above phenomena, the author wants to explore the potential problems faced by Balinese Hindu women when carrying out domestic, public and social roles (traditional krama) in building a sukhinah family. It seems that women have problems adapting well to their husband's family environment because of differences in paradigms, different parenting styles and differences in habits. The factors causing the challenges faced by Balinese Hindu women in Denpasar City actually arise from the vertical relationship between women.
IMPLEMENTATION OF TRI HITA KARANA VALUE THROUGH COMMUNITY SERVICE IN BATU BOLONG TEMPLE, WEST LOMBOK REGENCY
Authors: Gunada I Wayan Agus , Yasa I Made Ardika
Published: January 2022

The purpose of writing the results of community service is to give an overview of the implementation of activities carried out to express gratitude for the inauguration of IAHN Gde Pudja Mataram conducted by carrying out the dedication to the community in Pura Batu Bolong West Lombok Regency. This devotion also aims to implement the value and conception of Tri hita karana in the community. The conception of Tri hita karana is so full of noble values. However, the understanding of society that is still in the theoretical state needs to be developed and implemented so that the conception can be implemented in the state of practice of Hindu religious life. The method used is observation and study of libraries. While in this activity, the conception of Tri hita karana is a Hindu teaching that focuses on respect and appreciation to God, man, and the environment to achieve harmony and harmony of a happy life on all elements. Through the writing of the results of community service is expected to give a picture of the sublime conception of Tri hita karana and can be done a more in-depth review.
AESTHETICS AND ETHICS OF KARAWITAN ART IN LONTAR AJI GHURNNITA
Authors: Ariyasa Darmawan I Putu , Veronika Somawati Ayu , Eka Suadnyana Ida Bagus Putu
Published: January 2022

Art is a form of expression of the soul that cannot be separated from human beings. Art makes human’s life more beautiful and colorful. Various kinds of art forms were created by humans as a form of existence and self-expression, be it in the form of dance, painting, and various other types of art. Bali as one of the world's international tourist destinations cannot be separated from the various kinds of arts in it. One of them is karawitan or art of sound. Karawitan art itself is divided into two types, namely instrumental musical art in the form of gamelan, and vocal karawitan. The art of karawitan, especially gamelan in Bali, is not only a complement to religious ceremonies or the pouring of creative ideas, but also has a very significant influence on the Balinese people and the listeners of the gamelan. The shape of the gamelan is also able to influence the soul and human behavior that dissolves in the atmosphere brought by the gamelan players. The implementation of gamelan art, either directly or indirectly, has ethical and aesthetic values. Through gamelan art, humans will learn ethical and aesthetic values. If viewed from the aesthetic value, gamelan art contains the values of truth (Satyam), purity (Shivam), and beauty (Sundaram) which are concepts of Hindu aesthetics itself. In terms of ethical values, gamelan art teaches one to learn to respect one another and learn the meaning of equality where everyone has the same position according to their respective duties and functions. Through gamelan, humans learn to harmonize what is said and what is done.
RESOLUTION OF SOCIO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICT: REJECTION OF PIODALAN RITUAL IN MANGIR LOR, BANTUL
Authors: Niyoko Niyoko - , Sudardi Bani - , Wijaya Mahendra - , Warto Warto
Published: January 2022

Religion functions are to build brotherhood, yet religions can also be a source of
conflict.The rejection of Piodalan Ritual carried out by Maha Lingga Padma Buwana
Community by a number of Mangir Lor Sub-village residents, is a socio-religious conflict. The research aims to find out and explain why there is the rejection of Piodalan Ritual, and how the government together with the community resolve the conflict. The research uses a case study approach. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, documentation, and triangulations. Primary data sources are from structural officials of government and cultural leaders of the community. Secondary data sources are from documents, reference books, and historical records. Analysis of qualitative data in interactive and continuous manners includes data reductions, data presentations, and conclusions. The result shows that the conflict between Mangir residents and Mahalingga Padma Buwana Community is the lack of communication and different perceptions regarding the Piodalan Ritual. The government and the community resolve the conflict by utilizing the local wisdom values, rembuk desa (deliberation), rukun (harmony), and ngajeni (respect).

 
Covid 19 Salgınında Nomofobi ve Psikolojik Sağlamlığın Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: DEMİR GÖKMEN Burcu , FIRAT Meryem , CENGİZ Mine
Published: January 2022

Amaç: Araştırma Sars-Coronavirus-2 salgınında bireylerde nomofobi ve psikolojik sağlamlığın bazı değişkenlere göre incelenebilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte yapılan araştırma, Ağustos- Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında, kartopu örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılabilen ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 1047 kişi ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler “Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu”, “Nomofobi Ölçeği” ve “Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi SPSS-25 paket programında yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Sars-Coronavirus-2 salgınında katılımcıların %69.5’inin telefon kullanımının önceye oranla artığı tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Cinsiyet, aile tipi, ekonomik durum, vücut ağırlığı, telefon kullanım süresi değişkenlerinin psikolojik sağlamlıkla; yaş, telefon kullanım süresi, vücut ağırlığı değişkenlerinin ise nomofobi ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Nomofobi ile psikolojik sağlamlık arasında düşük düzeyde negatif yönde bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Sonuç ve Öneriler: Katılımcıların Covid-19 salgınında telefon kullanma sürelerinin değiştiği, nomofobinin düşük düzeyde arttığı, bu durumun psikolojik sağlamlığı etkilediği saptanmıştır. Bireylerin psikolojik sağlamlıklarını korumak için teknoloji kullanımına ilişkin farkındalık eğitimlerinin verilmesi önerilmektedir.
Bio-inspired Chemical Space Exploration of Terpenoids
Authors: zeng tao , Hess B. Andes , zhang fan , wu ruibo
Published: January 2022

Many computational methods are used to expand the open-ended border of chemical spaces. Natural products and their derivatives are an important source for drug discovery, and some algorithms are devoted to rapidly generating pseudo-natural products, while their accessibility and chemical interpretation were often ignored or underestimated, thus hampering experimental synthesis in practice. Herein, a bio-inspired strategy (named TeroGen) is proposed, in which the cyclization and decoration stage of terpenoid biosynthesis were mimicked by meta-dynamics simulations and deep learning models respectively, to explore their chemical space. In the protocol of TeroGen, the synthetic accessibility is validated by reaction energetics (reaction barrier and reaction heat) based on the GFN2-xTB methods. Chemical interpretation is an intrinsic feature as the reaction pathway is bioinspired and triggered by the RMSD-PP method in conjunction with an encoder-decoder architecture. This is quite distinct from conventional library/fragment-based or rule-based strategies, by using TeroGen, new reaction routes are feasibly explored to increase the structural diversity. For example, only a rather limited number of sesterterpenoids in our training set is included in this work, but our TeroGen would predict more than 30000 sesterterpenoids and map out the reaction network with super efficiency, ten times as many as the known sesterterpenoids (less than 2500). In sum, TeroGen not only greatly expands the chemical space of terpenoids but also provides various plausible biosynthetic pathways, which are crucial clues for heterologous biosynthesis, bio-mimic and chemical synthesis of complicated terpenoids.
Ion-shift reagent binding energy and the shift-mass correlation in ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Fernandez-Maestre Roberto , Tabrizchi Mahmoud , Meza-Morelos Dairo
Published: January 2022

Ion mobility spectrometry is widely used for the detection of illegal substances and explosives in airports, ports, custom, some stations and many other important places. This task is usually complicated by false positives caused by overlapping the target peaks with that of interferents, commonly associated with samples of interest. Shift reagents (SR) are species that selectively change ion mobilities through adduction with analyte ions when they are introduced in IMS instruments. This characteristic can be used to discriminate false positives because the interferents and illegal substances respond differently to SR depending on the structure and size of analytes and their interaction energy with SR. This study demonstrates that ion mobility shifts upon introduction of SR depend, not only on the ion masses, but on the interaction energies of the ion:SR adducts. In this study, we introduced five different SRs using ESI-IMS-MS to study the effect of the interaction energy and size on mobility shifts. The mobility shifts showed a decreasing trend as the molecular weight increased for the series of compounds ethanolamine, valinol, serine, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tributylamine, tryptophan, desipramine, and tribenzylamine. It was proved that the decreasing trend was partially due to the inverse relation between the mobility and drift time and hence, the shift in drift time better reflects the pure effect of SR on the mobility of analytes. Yet the drift time shift exhibited a mild decrease with the mass of ions. Valinol pulled out from this trend because it had a low binding energy interaction with all the SR and, consequently, its clusters were short-lived. This short lifetime produced fewer collisions against the buffer gas and a drift time shorter compared to those of ions of similar molecular weight. Analyte ion:SR interactions were calculated using Gaussian. IMS with the introduction of SR could be the choice for the free-interferents detection of illegal drugs, explosives, and biological and warfare agents. The suppression of false positives could facilitate the transit of passengers and cargos, rise the confiscation of illicit substances, and save money and distresses due to needless delays. Keywords: Adduction, ion mobility spectrometry, mass spectrometry, shift reagent, valinol, buffer gas modifier
The Oriented and Flux-Weighted Current Density Stagnation Graph of LiH
Authors: Berger Raphael J F , Dimitrova Maria
Published: January 2022

A scheme is introduced to quantitatively analyze the magnetically induced molecular current density vector field $\mathbf{J}$. After determining the set of zero points of $\mathbf{J}$, which is called its {\em stagnation graph} (SG), the line integrals $\Phi_{\ell_i}=-\frac{1}{\mu_0} \int_{\ell_i} \mathbf{B}_\mathrm{ind}\cdot\mathrm{d}\mathbf{l}$ along all edges $\ell_i$ of the connected subset of the SG are determined. The edges $\ell_i$ are oriented such that all $\Phi_{\ell_i}$ are non-negative and they are weighted with $\Phi_{\ell_i}$. An oriented flux-weighted (current density) stagnation graph (OFW-SG) is obtained. Since $\mathbf{J}$ is in the exact theoretical limit divergence free and due to the topological characteristics of such vector fields the flux of all separate vortices and neighbouring vortex combinations can be determined by adding the weights of cyclic subsets of edges of the OFW-SG. The procedure is exemplified by the case of LiH for a perpendicular and weak homogeneous external magnetic field $\mathbf{B}$}
An 'Intermetallic' Molecular Nanomagnet with the Lanthanide Coordinated Only by Transition Metals
Authors: Magott Michał , Brzozowska Maria , Baran Stanisław , Vieru Veacheslav , Pinkowicz Dawid
Published: January 2022

The best performing molecular nanomagnets are currently designed by carefully arranging p-element donor atoms (usually carbon, nitrogen and/or oxygen) around the central magnetic ion. Inspired by the structure of the hardest intermetallic magnet SmCo5, we have demonstrated a nanomagnetic molecule where the central lanthanide (Ln) ion Er is coordinated solely by three transition metal (TM) ions in a perfectly trigonal planar fashion. The molecule [Er(ReCp2)3] (ErRe3) constitutes the first example of a molecular nanomagnet (MNM; or single molecule magnet SMM) with unsupported Ln-TM bonds and paves the way towards molecular intermetallics with strong direct magnetic exchange interactions. Such interactions are believed to be crucial for quenching the quantum tunneling of magnetization which limits the application of Ln-SMMs as sub-nanometer magnetic memory units.
THE INITIAL ION EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS ADSORPTION BY USING HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION BANANA PEELS
Authors: Said Mohd Nurhaliza , Mohamed Rabiatul Manisah
Published: January 2022

Accumulation of heavy metals in water is of particularly important because it can impact upon human health through possible contamination of food. The use of banana peel was investigated. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was chosen as alternative process. The objective of this project is to synthesize banana peel hydrochars adsorbent via HTC process and to evaluate the heavy metals adsorption performance of banana peel hydrochars adsorbent. Conventional methods in removal of heavy metals require high operational cost, need highly skilled labour, and generate sludge at the end of the operation. Compared to other techniques, banana peel absorbent is a cost- effective adsorbent, easy to operate, environmentally safe and no health risk for the operator. Besides, large quantity of banana peel waste contributes to its significant disposal problem. Thus, this study is expected to solve problems of banana peel, by preparing banana peel adsorbent through hydrothermal carbonization. There are three phases in this project, phase 1 which is synthesis of banana peel based on hydrochars, banana peel was chopped the peels into small pieces. It was then soaked in KOH solution for 2hours and transferred into PTFE and heat for 2hours at 230°C. For phase 2, physico-chemical characterization of banana peels hydrochars by using FTIR. The result obtained shown that all of the content in banana peels will activate the surface of banana peel to enhance the adsorption of the heavy metals. For the final phase, by using AAS, the initial and final concentration of the metals was tested to determine the removal of heavy metals by the prepared hydrochars. The results showed that the removal capacity of the hydrochars increased when the initial concentration of the metals increased. From the research, it can be concluded that, as the initial concentration of the metals higher, the ability of the hydrochars to remove the metals also higher and stronger.
SCENARIO OF ASPERGILLUS INDOOR CONTAMINATION IN PAKISTAN (2000- 2020) – A REVIEW
Authors: Shafique Sundas , Mukhtar Shakira , Hani Ume , Iram Shazia
Published: January 2022

Bioaerosols in indoor environment include substantial portion of fungi which are considered as “hidden killers”. Pakistan like other countries, also bears the atrocities of fungi and their mycotoxins and suffers more due to its favourable climate, weak economy and unawareness. Genus Aspergillus of Fungi is quite important and is predominant in indoor environment, along with Penicillium. There are not adequate research studies on the indoor micro-floral composition, however, the available data shows that numerous Aspergillus species are found inside the buildings whether they be houses, hospitals, laboratories, cafeteria or slaughterhouses. The mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus species include aflatoxins, fumonisins, citrinin, ochratoxins and cyclopiazonic acid. They are mainly carcinogenic and cause various diseases like aflatoxicosis, pentaketide nephrotoxin, and necrosis. To avoid such issues, fungal growth should be avoided by controlling temperature and humidity. In addition, fungicides, ultraviolet radiation or essential oils can be used against fungi. The condition of the buildings can also be adjusted to minimize fungal growth like building material, ventilation system, wall paint and hygiene. The database of the country is not satisfactory with insignificant laws and regulation. To estimate the potential risks of Aspergillus species and their mycotoxins, regular monitoring is required at all levels. It will also help to devise solutions related to health and environment related problems.
EFFECT OF WASTE DUMPSITE ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF A SHALLOW AQUIFER IN PORT HARCOURT, SOUTH-EASTERN NIGERIA
Authors: E.E Esonanjor , C. Ohanuna
Published: January 2022

The study assessed the effect of waste dumpsites on groundwater quality of upper aquifers in Port Harcourt. Water samples were retrieved from hand-dug wells from a dumpsite and a control site and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters and heavy metal content. Results show that electrical conductivity of the dumpsite water samples was 42.06μS/cm while the control site water samples recorded 31.27μS/cm. Turbidity of the water samples ranged from 0.62NTU-0.65NTU. Total Dissolved Solids of the dumpsite water sample was 26.8mg/l while the TDS of the control site water sample was 33.70mg/l. The pH of water samples from both sites ranged from 5.46 -7.34. The pH of water samples from the dumpsite was slightly acidic (5.46). The average temperature of the water samples was approximately 28oC. Phosphate concentration of water samples ranged from 0.32 mg/l-0.54 mg/l while chloride levels ranged from 10.60mg/l-17.12 mg/l. All physico-chemical parameters and heavy metal content of the water samples all fell within the WHO and NSDWQ stipulated standards except for the lead concentration of the water sample retrieved from the dumpsite. The study also revealed that waste dumpsites did not alter the concentration of the measured physico-chemical properties and heavy metal concentration of water samples. However, the study recommended that periodic assessments of groundwater quality of waste dumpsites should be undertaken
THE UTILIZATION OF PARAGIS GRASS (Eleusine indica) AS CELLULOSE-BASED BIOPLASTIC FILM
Authors: yad Na , L. Maribel , on Is , Jomar B Michael , ningas Ma , V. Rolando
Published: January 2022

The goal of this research is to create biodegradable plastics made from Paragis grass (Eleusine indica) cellulose-pulp that can be used as alternatives to traditional plastics. The bioplastics were made by combining cellulose pulp from paragis grass leaves, sorbitol, acetic acid, and corn starch, with a constant amount of 8g corn starch and varying amounts of cellulose pulp (20g, 30g, and 40g), as well as 10ml sorbitol and 3 ml acetic acid. Collection and processing of paragis grass, cellulose pulp manufacturing, and bioplastic film manufacture were some of the methods used. Tensile strength, biodegradability, water absorption, and water solubility tests are used to characterize bioplastic. The mechanical properties testing shown that bioplastic produced with variation of corn starch to paragis grass cellulose pulp ratio had a tensile strength of 0.549 MPa, 0.878 MPa and 1.03 MPa; elongation at break (%) of 7.33%, 6.97% and 6.54%; biodegradability (weight loss) of 91.65%; 90.05%; and 69.46%; water absorption (weight gain) of 91.80%, 83.06% and 53.74%; and water solubility (weight loss) of 86.96%, 66.46% and54.91% respectively. The study found that Treatment 3 (40g paragis grass) has higher tensile strength (1.03 MPa) and tear strength, ability to degrade in four weeks, low water absorption (53.74%), and water solubility (54.91%).The result showed that cellulose-pulp from Paragis grass leaves could be used to make bioplastic. This research would aid in the reduction of plastic waste that pollutes the Earth’s soil, air, and water, as well as the mitigation of its consequences. It can also help reduce environmental pollution by using biodegradable plastic.
TOLERANCE MECHANISM AGAINST IMPACT OF HEAT STRESS ON WHEAT : A REVIEW
Authors: Sah Neha , Sherpa Dolma
Published: January 2022

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) of the family Poaceae is an important cereal crop and is regarded as a basic source of calories and protein demands of the increasing population. With regards to change in global temperature, the impact of rising temperature on crop production is gaining concern worldwide. Among the various abiotic stresses observed in wheat, heat and drought are the major abiotic stresses. An increase in temperature results in the reduction of grain number, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, and starch synthesis in the endosperm interrupting the important morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes of the plant causing considerable variation like reduction in grain weight per ear, single kernel weight, kernel number, grain size. Spikelet formation, seed size, etc. along with decreased plant size under morphological changes. Similarly, under physiological changes, water potential, photosynthesis, respiration, etc. are adversely affected due to heat stress in wheat. Content of starch, protein, and different types of amino acid present in wheat grain is also affected due to heat stress which comes under biochemical changes. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) and stay green are the mechanisms for the heat tolerance in wheat. The present review was carried out to summarize the various effects of heat stress on wheat at morpho-anatomical, physiological, and biochemical behavior with a brief discussion on suitable breeding strategies to improve the production of wheat crops.
Rbfox1 is required for myofibril development and maintaining fiber type–specific isoform expression in Drosophila muscles
Authors: Nikonova Elena , Mukherjee Amartya , Kamble Ketaki , Barz Christiane , Nongthomba Upendra , Spletter Maria L
Published: January 2022

Protein isoform transitions confer muscle fibers with distinct properties and are regulated by differential transcription and alternative splicing. RNA-binding Fox protein 1 (Rbfox1) can affect both transcript levels and splicing, and is known to contribute to normal muscle development and physiology in vertebrates, although the detailed mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we report that Rbfox1 contributes to the generation of adult muscle diversity in Drosophila. Rbfox1 is differentially expressed among muscle fiber types, and RNAi knockdown causes a hypercontraction phenotype that leads to behavioral and eclosion defects. Misregulation of fiber type–specific gene and splice isoform expression, notably loss of an indirect flight muscle–specific isoform of Troponin-I that is critical for regulating myosin activity, leads to structural defects. We further show that Rbfox1 directly binds the 3′-UTR of target transcripts, regulates the expression level of myogenic transcription factors myocyte enhancer factor 2 and Salm, and both modulates expression of and genetically interacts with the CELF family RNA-binding protein Bruno1 (Bru1). Rbfox1 and Bru1 co-regulate fiber type–specific alternative splicing of structural genes, indicating that regulatory interactions between FOX and CELF family RNA-binding proteins are conserved in fly muscle. Rbfox1 thus affects muscle development by regulating fiber type–specific splicing and expression dynamics of identity genes and structural proteins.
Sharing Knowledge Across Generations and Its Impact on Innovation
Authors: Woodfield Paul J. , Husted Kenneth
Published: January 2022

The next generation (NG) is vital to securing a thriving wine industry. We argue that knowledge sharing affects innovation in family winegrowing businesses, and that the NG brings new knowledge to the family business more likely to lead to radical new innovation. This is contrary to the typical view that the senior generation (SG) is the source of all the valuable knowledge, which must be passed on to the NG. As a traditional industry with a large share of family businesses, winegrowing has a heritage of innovation. Individuals in the family business and their ability to innovate over generations is essential for adaption, competitiveness, and ultimately survival. Using Nonaka and Takeuchi’s SECI (socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization) model as a lens, we explore the knowledge creation and innovation outcomes of two-way or “bidirectional” knowledge sharing. Through this lens, we seek to understand how knowledge is shared and utilized within an intergenerational family winegrowing business. We then go further by exploring the impact each generation has on innovation, highlighting the NG as a primary source of new knowledge. We conclude with guidelines for managers in family businesses who aspire to improve innovation outcomes by enabling bidirectional knowledge sharing.