bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nativity, Family, Disability: Results from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly
Authors: Vasquez Elizabeth , Zhang Weihui , Dreby Joanna , Lee Sunghee , Botoseneanu Anda
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Nativity and family support may influence attitudes and behaviors that delay or accelerate the disability process in older adults. The objectives of this study were twofold: 1) to evaluate nativity and migration cohort differences in trajecto­ries of disability (assessed by activities of daily living [ADL]) among older Mexican Americans; and 2) to determine the role of objectively measured family support in the association between nativity, migration cohort, and disability changes over time.Methods: This is a longitudinal study with up to 18 years follow-up (1993-2011) using data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (N=2,785, mean age =72.4 years). Disability was assessed using self-reported limitations in activities of daily living (ADL). Nativity and migration cohort were self-reported. Family support was as­sessed by marital status and the number of their children participants saw each month. Linear growth curve models evaluated the trajectory of ADL disability over 18 years and assessed variations by nativity status, migration cohort and family support.Results: Foreign-born respondents who migrated before age 20 had more starting ADL limitations (β= .36, P<.001) and ac­cumulated disability faster (β=.04, P<.01) compared with their US-born counterparts. In contrast, foreign-born respondents who migrated at later ages showed disability trajectories similar to US-born respondents. Married respondents had a lower level of disability (β= -.14, P<.01) and a lower rate of accumulation over time (β= -.02, P=.001) compared with participants who were not married.Discussion: Mexican Americans who migrate at younger ages may experience greater disability over time; however, family support may help mitigate the accumula­tion of disability among older Mexican Americans.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(2):253-262; doi:10.18865/ed.31.2.253
Mentoring Experiences and Publication Productivity among Early Career Biomedical Investigators and Trainees
Authors: Gutierrez Angela , Guerrero Lourdes R. , McCreath Heather E. , Wallace Steven P.
Published: April 2021

Objective: To identify which mentoring domains influence publication productivity among early career researchers and trainees and whether publication productivity differs between underrepresented minority (URM) and well-represented groups (WRGs). The mentoring aspects that promote publica­tion productivity remain unclear. Advancing health equity requires a diverse workforce, yet URM trainees are less likely to publish and URM investigators are less likely to ob­tain federal research grants, relative to WRG counterparts.Participants: Early career biomedical investigators and trainees from the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN), N=115.Methods: A mentoring-focused online follow-up survey was administered to respondents of the NRMN Annual Survey who self-identified as mentees. Publications were identified from a public database and validated with participant CV data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses tested the as­sociations of publication productivity with mentoring domains.Results: URM investigators and trainees had fewer publications (M = 7.3) than their WRG counterparts (M = 13.8). Controlling for career stage and social characteristics, those who worked on funded projects, and received grant-writing or research mentorship, had a higher probability of any publications. Controlling for URM status, gender, and career stage, mentorship on grant-writing and funding was positively as­sociated with publication count (IRR=1.72). Holding career stage, gender, and mentor­ing experiences constant, WRG investigators and trainees had more publications than their URM counterparts (IRR=1.66).Conclusions: Grant-writing mentorship is particularly important for publica­tion productivity. Future research should investigate whether grant-writing mentor­ship differentially impacts URM and WRG investigators and should investigate how and why grant-writing mentorship fosters increased publication productivity. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(2):273-282; doi:10.18865/ed.31.2.273
La expresividad es más democrática que la originalidad. Acerca de las ideas de Kenneth Goldsmith. 14 tesis (de inspiración goldsmithiana) para una literatura en la era digital
Authors: Rodríguez Jaime Alejandro
Published: April 2021

Este artículo propone una lectura de la obra Escrituras no creativas. Gestionando el lenguaje en la era digital (traducción de Uncreative Writing. Managing Language in the Digital Age; 2015) del poeta norteamericano Kenneth Goldsmith. Esta lectura corresponde a la revisión propia del libro, está basada en resonancias personales (vínculos con otras lecturas y sobre todo con la trayectoria creativa e investigativa del autor de este artículo). El estudio está organizada por «tesis» o fragmentos que desarrollan brevemente algunas de las ideas contenidas en la propuesta de Goldsmith. Este modo de proceder ha generado reflexiones que ponen énfasis en tres planteamientos: 1) la expresividad postidentitaria como sucedánea de la originalidad creativa, 2) la relativización de las formas canónicas de la literatura como efecto del despliegue de la comunicación digital interactiva y 3) los efectos sobre el ejercicio literario en el ámbito de la cultura digital. Con esta lectura de Goldsmith se propone al final un llamado a entender las posibilidades de lo digital como una oportunidad para renovar el ejercicio literario. El artículo termina con una adenda: el cuento El hombre de la esquina, que complementa, en registro ficcional, las ideas elaboradas.
PENGARUH SUHU DAN LAMA WAKTU PENYANGRAIAN TERHADAP MASSA JENIS BIJI KOPI ROBUSTA MENGGUNAKAN MESIN ROASTING TIPE HOT AIR
Authors: Fikri Mafaza Kanzul , Prihandono Trapsilo , Nuraini Lailatul
Published: April 2021

Abstract: An important stage that will determine the quality of ready-to-consume coffee is roasting. This method has been developed and used to obtain the best and specific quality of coffee brewing. In addition to the method used, the type of coffee greatly influences the quality characteristics of the brewed coffee produced. Coffee beans will not have a high commercial value before being subjected to a roasting process for the formation of the best aroma and taste. Roasting is a combination of time and temperature that changes the structure and chemical properties in coffee beans through the pyrolysis process. Even high-quality coffee beans cannot have maximum aroma and flavor if the roasting process is not done properly. This research uses a roasting machine type Hot Air Roasting or with other names Air Roasting is a different roasted coffee method. Coffee roasting process is not on the surface of the roaster but in the air, this coffee roasting method was introduced by Michael Sivetz, a chemical engineer and consultant of the world coffee industry. Based on the results of this study that the decrease in density discussed in the previous paragraph shows that the longer the roasting, the weight of coffee will decrease because the water content in coffee beans has begun to decrease. This shows that the longer the coffee beans are roasted, the better the results of heating. This research process uses a hot air type roasting machine. Hot water is one type of roasting machine that is good and efficient, because the heating carried out by the machine uses electrical energy. The final results obtained in this study the temperature continues to rise but the density decreases. This shows the inverse relationship between temperature and density of coffee and the best roasting results and can be used for brewing robusta coffee at 200 ° C in 15-20 minutes.

 

 Keywords: Hot Air Roasting, Robusta Coffee
FIRST RECORD OF ALEUROCLAVA AUCUBAE (HEMIPTERA ALEYRODIDAE) IN HUNGARY, WITH A CHECKLIST OF WHITE FLIES OCCURRING IN THE COUNTRY
Authors: HÁRI KATALIN , FAIL JÓZSEF , STREITO JEAN-CLAUDE , FETYKÓ KINGA GABRIELLA , SZITA ÉVA , HALTRICH ATTILA , VIKÁR DÓRA , RADÁCSI PÉTER , VÉTEK GÁBOR
Published: April 2021

Aleuroclava aucubae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera : Sternorrhyncha : Aleyrodidae), native to Japan, has been recorded for the first time in Hungary. Several individuals of the species were found on various ornamental plants (Celtis, Fraxinus, Morus, Sorbus, Ulmus) at five locations in the country in 2014 and 2018.The currently known distribution and host associations of the species are briefly discussed, along with an annotated checklist of the whitefly fauna of Hungary
Theoretical model of “ship paramedic” psychogram
Authors: Ivanov O. S. , Bumay O. K. , Grabsky Y. V. , Levanchuk A. V. , Kriulina V. V.
Published: April 2021

In the light of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On the strategy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation...” an increase in the volume of ship traffic along the Northern Sea Route is expected. With the increase of ship traffic the absolute number of cases when it is necessary to render the first aid to injured ship crew members will also increase. According to the Russian legislation, ship's crew medical officer is not to be provided if total number of people on the vessel is less than 40 people. At the same time the evacuation arm over considerable length of the Northern Sea Route is from several hundreds to thousands kilometers and weather conditions in those latitudes are harsh and changeable for the most part of the year. In such circumstances quick evacuation of a casualty to a specialized institution by air ambulance or ground transport and timely arrival of a trained and properly equipped medical crew to a ship are extremely difficult. Besides, the actual volume of the medical aid which the injured on the ship can need goes far beyond the concept “first aid” and includes both the procedures and manipulations, related to the concepts of “emergency” and (or) “prehospital care” and medical care. According to the international normative-legal acts, the function of first aid rendering to victims on a ship of civil fleet within the framework of a ship role is entrusted to a crew member who has no profile medical education, but who passed and successfully passed qualification examinations on the course of rendering aid and medical care to victims on the ship. It is known that passing the qualification exam by specialty and putting the obtained knowledge and skills into practice in conditions of emergency on a vessel are characterized by different context and require different competences, personal qualities and skills from a person. Up to the present time the Russian Federation has not developed a professiogram – a reference point for assessing the degree of expressed properties and qualities in applicants for maritime specialties. The article touches upon the problem of semantic content of the notion “ship's paramedic” and offers a theoretical model of its psihogram.
Estrategia didáctica para desarrollar la producción escrita del inglés en estudiantes del nivel VI de una Universidad Privada de Lima
Authors:   , Casana Lecca Silvinia Fabiola
Published: April 2021

La investigación propone una estrategia didáctica para desarrollar la producción escrita del inglés en estudiantes del nivel inglés VI de una universidad privada de Lima. La metodología se enmarca dentro del paradigma interpretativo y sociocrítico de enfoque cualitativo, el tipo de investigación es educacional de tipo aplicada, la muestra se efectuó por muestreo no probabilístico conformado por dos docentes y 21 estudiantes. Se aplicaron como técnicas de investigación, la encuesta, entrevista y observación; como instrumentos la guía de entrevista, cuestionario y guía de observación. El diagnóstico demuestra que los docentes no brindan soporte emocional en la construcción de los aprendizajes del idioma inglés, algunos estudiantes tienen dificultades en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y reflexivo, ciertos docentes no promueven el trabajo colaborativo ni emplean herramientas digitales interactivas. La investigación muestra dos grandes categorías que se fundamentan en la teoría sociocultural de Vygotsky y el enfoque comunicativo, aplicados en la práctica educacional y orientados al proceso pedagógico, dándole rigor científico a la propuesta. Por esta razón, el resultado final de la presente investigación es diseñar diversas estrategias basadas en cuatro etapas como son: la activación de la necesidad y el interés, desarrollo de actividades desafiantes, la integración y colaboración, y la evaluación; conformadas por diversas actividades significativas y herramientas digitales, actividades que incluyen el proceso de planificación, textualización y revisión de un texto escrito. Finalmente, la estrategia didáctica propuesta contribuye de forma positiva al aprendizaje constructivo de los estudiantes.
Pengaruh Volume Koagulan Sari Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) Terhadap Kadar Abu pada Koagulasi Lateks (Hevea brasiliensis)
Authors: Prima Ade Putra tri , Jumar Jumar , Wahdah Rabiatul
Published: April 2021

Rubber plants (Hevea brasilensis) include sap plants, because this group has plant tissue that contains a lot of latex and the sap flows out when the plant tissue is injured (Budiman, 2012). The obstacle most often encountered in the process of making rubber processed materials is the large number of farmers who use coagulation materials that are not recommended by the government, thus decreasing the quality of the rubber produced. Therefore, it is necessary to use alternative coagulants that do not degrade and damage the quality of rubber, such as noni juice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the production of noni juice coagulant as a coagulant can affect the ash content of the latex and to determine the correct dose of noni juice coagulant in reducing the ash content of the latex. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with a single factor and the factors studied were the addition of coagulant doses of noni juice with 7 treatments (K0: natural latex (control), K1: 25 ml, K2: 50 ml, K3: 75 ml. , K4: 100 ml, K5: 125 ml of noni juice coagulant material and K6: 25 ml of salvage 90 and added 1 l of latex per experimental unit). The results of this study indicate that the volume of the noni juice coagulant has a very significant effect on the contact time,  the gross weight of the bokar, and the ash content of the latex. The best dose of volume of noni juice coagulant to produce the lowest ash content of latex is the treatment of 75 ml of noni juice coagulant in 1 liter of liquid latex.
Further – Without the Testaments-3 (“Chinese dream”, Likonomics, ambitions of leadership)
Authors: Mikheev V. , Lukonin S. , Lukonina Y.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes current socio-political and economic situation in China after Xi Jinping coming to power. The article emphasizes the most critical problems in the ideological sphere, domestic policy, economy, social and foreign policy of China, inherited from the previous leaders. Also the short term forecast of socio-political and economic development of China is submitted. New details of emerging Chinese foreign policy doctrine marked. The article shows China’s “New concernment” in the development of Sino-Russian relations as a counterweight to Sino-US relations.
Global Oil & Gas Corporations in a Changing World
Authors: Bereznoi A.
Published: April 2021

The article explores the main structural shifts in the global oil and gas industry from the perspective of their impact on the elite of international oil companies (IOCs), the so-called supermajors, who have traditionally played key role in this sector of the world economy. The author draws attention to the latest trends in the industry that have pushed the contemporary inheritors of International Oil Cartel to introduce serious changes in their corporate strategies. The attempt is made to disclose the new features of the emerging strategic business model and related unconventional competitive advantages that allow supermajors to maintain stable positions of industry leaders despite unfavorable developments in business environment.
American Jews – Liberals and Conservators
Authors: Sidorova E.
Published: April 2021

This author aims to analyze political predilections and interests of the American Jewish diaspora, to identify American Jews’ ideological perspectives and to define the peculiarities of their political behavior. Although the Jewish population in the USA is by no means numerous, it plays an important role in the society, has a serious influence on domestic political processes. The paper deals with key demographic features and social characteristics of the Jewish diaspora. The author then examines the influence of the American Jewish diaspora as a distinguished group, on various electoral campaigns and the popular vote.
Optimization of Nonlinear Passive Suspension System to Minimize Road Damage for Heavy Goods Vehicle
Authors: Kumar Shailendra , Medhavi Amit , Kumar Raghuvir
Published: April 2021

Major contributors to the road damage are Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV), resulting in high maintenance costs of roads. This high cost makes it necessary to look into the issue seriously for minimizing the road damage. An Automobile Engineer can reduce road damage through the efficient design of a suspension system. The design involves satisfying the two conflicting criteria of riding comfort and vehicle handling with the restriction on the suspension travel. This paper involves designing an automobile suspension system, to improve the performance of the vehicle without a significant change in the cost of the suspension system and minimize road damage. To achieve the aforesaid objective, the use of a nonlinear passive suspension is suitable as compared to a linear passive suspension system. For the analysis, a HGV model of vehicle suspension has been considered. The suspension system considered for investigation comprises of a cubical nonlinear spring and a linear damper. Road damage has been represented by the fourth power of the tire dynamic load. A genetic algorithm has been used to optimize the half truck model to minimize road damage. The solution has been obtained using MATLAB and SIMULINK.
Understanding Fine Motor Skill Learning in Dentistry
Authors: El-Kishawi Mohamed , Khalaf Khaled , Winning Tracey
Published: April 2021

Learning dental procedures is a complex task involving the development of fine motor skills. The reported use of theories and/ or evidence for designing learning activities to develop the fine motor skills needed for dental practice is limited. The aim of this review is to explore the available body of knowledge related to learning fine motor skills in dentistry. Evidence from studies investigating motor skill learning highlights the negative impact of self-focus and self-regulation on learning outcomes, particularly during the early stages of learning. The development of activities and schedules that enable novices to demonstrate characteristics similar to experts, without the reported long period of ‘deliberate practice’, is clearly of value. Outcomes of learning implicitly are important in dentistry because working under stressful conditions is common, either during undergraduate study or in practice. It is suggested that learning implicitly in the simulation stage can reduce disrupted performance when transitioning to clinical settings. Therefore, further investigation of effective methods for learning dental fine motor skills is indicated, using approaches that result in robust performance, even under stressful conditions.
Evaluation of the Novel Culture-Based AtbFinder Test-System for the Selection of Optimal Antibiotics for Critically Ill Patients With Polymicrobial Infections Within 4 H
Authors: Tetz George , Tetz Victor
Published: April 2021

For polymicrobial infections, AtbFinder utilizes a novel paradigm of the population response to antibiotics, enabling bacterial growth in the form of a mixed microbial community and selecting the antibiotics targeting not only the principal pathogen, but also those bacteria that support their growth. TGV medium allowed culturing a more diverse set of bacteria from polymicrobial biospecimens, compared with that achieved with the standard media and enabled, already within 4h, accurate selection of the antibiotics that completely eliminated all cultivatable bacteria from clinical samples. In conclusion, AtbFinder system may be a valuable tool in improving antibiotic selection, enabling targeted empirical therapy and accurate antibiotic replacement, which is especially important in high-risk patients.
Experimental Study of Absorbent Hygiene Product devolatilization in a bubbling fluidized bed
Authors: Malsegna Barbara , Di Giuliano Andrea , Gallucci Katia
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to investigate the usage of waste from Absorbent Hygienic Products (AHP) as a fuel for gasification or pyrolysis, two attractive routes to obtain valuable products and dispose of this kind of waste. The study experimentally investigated the devolatilization of coarsely shred-ded materials from diapers, in a laboratory-scale bubbling fluidized bed made of sand, as a rep-resentative preparatory step of above-mentioned thermochemical conversions. Two versions of shredded materials were considered: as-manufactured diapers (AHPam, as a reference), and the cellulosic fraction of sterilized used diapers (AHPus). Results were presented, obtained from physic-chemical characterization of AHPam and AHPus (TGA, CHNS/O, proximate and ultimate analysis, XRF, ICP-AES, SEM-EDS) and their devolatilizations at 500-600-700-800°C, under two different atmospheres (air plus nitrogen, or pure nitrogen as a reference). Generally, temperature had most influenced syngas composition, with better performances under pure nitrogen. At 700-800 °C under pure nitrogen, the highest syngas quality and yield were obtained. For AHPam and AHPus, respectively: (i) H2 richness equaled 29.5 vol% and 23.7 vol%, while hydrocarbons poorness equaled 14.8 vol% and 7.4 vol% on dry, dilution-free basis; (ii) 53.7 Nl 100 gfuel-1 and 46.0 Nl 100 gfuel-1 were produced. Overall, AHP emerged as an interesting fuel for thermochemical conversions.
Redox Metabolism Measurement in Mammalian Cells and Tissues by LC-MS
Authors: Kanarek Naama , Petrova Boryana , Warren Anna , Vital Nuria Yulia , Maynard Adam G , Wong Alan
Published: April 2021

Cellular redox state is highly dynamic and delicately balanced between constant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and neutralization by endogenous antioxidants, such as glutathione. Physiologic ROS levels can function as signal transduction messengers, while high levels of ROS can react with and damage various molecules eliciting cellular toxicity. The redox state is reflective of the cell’s metabolic status and can inform on regulated cell-state transitions or various pathologies including aging and cancer. Therefore, methods that enable reliable, quantitative readout of the cellular redox state are imperative for scientists from multiple fields. Liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) based methods to detect small molecules that reflect the redox balance in the cell such as glutathione, NADH and NADPH, have been developed and applied successfully, but because redox metabolites are very labile, these methods are not easily standardized or consolidated. Here we report a robust LC-MS method for the simultaneous detection of several redox-reactive metabolites that is compatible with parallel global metabolic profiling in mammalian cells. We performed a comprehensive comparison between three commercial hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) columns, and we describe the application of our method in mammalian cells and tissues. The presented method is easily applicable and will enable the study of ROS function and oxidative stress in mammalian cells by researchers from various fields.
Control of ABA Signaling and Crosstalk With Other Hormones by Selective Degradation of Pathway Components
Authors: Sirko Agnieszka , Wawrzyńska Anna , Brzywczy Jerzy , Sieńko Marzena
Published: April 2021

A rapid and appropriate genetic and metabolic acclimation, which is crucial for plants’ survival in a changing environment, is maintained due to the coordinated action of plant hormones and cellular degradation mechanisms influencing proteostasis. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) rapidly accumulates in plants in response to environmental stress and plays a pivotal role in the reaction to various stimuli. Increasing evidence demonstrates a significant role of autophagy in controlling ABA signaling. This field has been extensively investigated and new discoveries are constantly being provided. We present updated information on the components of the ABA signaling pathway, particularly on transcription factors modified by different E3 ligases. Then, we focus on the role of selective autophagy in ABA pathway control and review novel evidence on the involvement of autophagy in different parts of the ABA signaling pathway that are important for crosstalk with other hormones, particularly cytokinins and brassinosteroids.
Inhomogeneous Poisson Point Process for Species Distribution Models: Relative Performance of Methods Accounting for Sampling Bias and Imperfect Detection
Authors: MUGUMAARHAHAMA Yannick , FANDOHAN Adandé Belarmain , MUSHAGALUSA Arsene Ciza , SODE Idelphonse Akoeugnigan , GLELE KAKAÏ Romain
Published: April 2021

Species distribution models have become tools of great importance in ecology since the advanced knowledge of suitable habitat of species is needed in the process of the world's biodiversity conservation. Models that use presence-only data are of great interests and are widely used in ecology due to their easy access. However, these models do not estimate accurately the true spatial species distribution based solely on presence-only data since they do not account for biases induced by the sampling techniques used and imperfect detection. To address this gap, Hierarchical integrated models have been recently introduced. Through this study, we assessed the relative performance of these new SDMs models using simulated data. The performance of the models was tested by comparing the estimates of parameters of the distribution models they provide with parameters used to simulate the distribution of the virtual species. The best model was the one whose estimates were close to the true distribution parameters of the virtual species. Results showed that analyzing Presence-only data in conjunction with Point-counts data through the Dorazio's Hierarchical model produced estimates of the coecients of the species intensity models with high precision and less bias while the Koshkina integrated model showed poor performance. Site-occupancy data, being not informative of species abundance, did not allow reducing biases in Presence-only data. The Dorazio's Hierarchical model produced estimates with high precision even with low detection probability. We have also found that the species rarity tends to in ate the variability of the models' estimates making modelling abundant species to be more accurate than modelling less abundant species. Hence, to model the species distribution with high precision based on Presence-only data, additional Point-counts data are required to account for sampling bias and imperfect detection.
Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography With Novel High Frame-Rate Imaging
Authors: Fujikura Kana , Makkiya Mohammed , Farooq Muhammad , Xing Yun , Humphrey Wayne , Mustehsan Mohammad Hashim , Garcia Mario J. , Taub Cynthia C.
Published: April 2021

Background: global longitudinal strain (GLS) measures myocardial deformation and is a sensitive modality for detecting subclinical myocardial dysfunction and predicting cardiac outcomes. The accuracy of speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) is dependent on temporal resolution. A novel software enables relatively high frame rate (Hi-FR) (~200 fps) echocardiographic images acquisition which empowers us to investigate the impact of Hi-FR imaging on GLS analysis. The goal of this pilot study was to demonstrate the feasibility of Hi-FR for STE. Methods: In this prospective study, we acquired echocardiographic images using clinical scanners on patients with normal left ventricular systolic function using Hi-FR and conventional frame rate (Reg-FR) (~50 FPS). GLS values were evaluated on apical 4-, 2- and 3-chamber images acquired in both Hi-FR and Reg-FR. Inter-observer and intra-observer variabilities were assessed in Hi-FR and Reg-FR. Results: There were 143 resting echocardiograms with normal LVEF included in this study. The frame rate of Hi-FR was 190 ± 25 and Reg-FR was 50 ± 3, and the heart rate was 71 ± 13. Strain values measured in Hi-FR were significantly higher than those measured in Reg-FR (all p < 0.001). Inter-observer and intra-observer correlations were strong in both Hi-FR and Reg-FR. Conclusions: We demonstrated that strain values were significantly higher using Hi-FR when compared with Reg-FR in patients with normal LVEF. It is plausible that higher temporal resolution enabled the measurement of myocardial strain at desired time point. The result of this study may inform clinical adoption of the novel technology. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate the value of Hi-FR to assess myocardial strain in stress echocardiography in the setting of tachycardia.
On the Direct Extrusion of Solder Wire from 52In-48Sn Alloy
Authors: Faizov Sergei , Sarafanov Aleksandr , Erdakov Ivan , Gromov Dmitry , Svistun Alexandra , Glebov Lev , Bykov Vitaly , Bryk Anastasia , Radionova Liudmila
Published: April 2021

In this article, a technology for producing wire and rod solder from 52In-48Sn alloy has been developed and investigated in the conditions of small-scale production. The use of direct extrusion of wire and rods instead of the traditional technology for producing solder, which includes pressing, rolling and drawing, can significantly reduce the fleet of required equipment. Using only a melting furnace and a hydraulic press, solder wires and rods can be produced in various sizes. Shortening the production cycle allows you to quickly fulfill small orders and be competitive in sales. The article developed a mathematical model of direct extrusion, which allows you to calculate: extrusion ratio, extrusion speed and pressing force. The results of modeling the process of extrusion of wire ∅2.00 mm and rods ∅8.0 mm made of 52In-48Sn alloy are presented. The temperature of the solder and the tool is simulation in software QForm based on the finite element method. Experimental results of manufacturing ∅2.0 mm solder wire and ∅8.0 mm rods are presented. The microstructure of the direct extruded solder is a eutectic of phases γ and β. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of the 52In-48Sn alloy showed that the solder obtained by direct extrusion has a uniform distribution of structural phases. The developed technology can be used in the manufacture of wires and rods from other low-melting alloys.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS FORCE MAJEURE: IT’S ENFORCEABILITY ON THE FAILURE TO FULFILL CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND THE FAILURE TO PRESENTS COMPLYING DOCUMENTS IN LETTER OF CREDIT
Authors: Kusumawardhani Bhuwana Fairuz
Published: April 2021

The performance of contractual obligations holds an important role in the fulfillment of sales contracts, therefore, each parties involved would done their best to complete them. The existence of COVID-19 pandemic affected the trade sphere and could bring impediment in the form of force majeure. This research aims to find out the enforceability of COVID-19 as force majeure on the performance of sales contract and the enforceability of COVID-19 as force majeure according to UCP 600 on failure to presents complying documents. This research was conducted by using normative method and qualitative method, the latter was used to analyze the secondary data of which was collected by literature study of relevant materials. The result of this research shows that the enforceability of COVID-19 as force majeure depends on the way of sales contracts are worded and the tribunal’s interpretation on the laws and practices in international trade. The UCP 600’s force majeure clause phrasing open up the interpretation on the possibility of COVID-19 as force majeure, however, the clause cannot be enforced on the failure to presents complying documents, caused by COVID-19 or not, as it concerns the matter of Bank’s responsibility in the case of force majeure
THE RELEVANCE OF RONALD DWORKIN'S THEORY FOR CREATING AGRARIAN JUSTICE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Mahfud Muh. Afif
Published: April 2021

Law enforcement related to Agraria is unjustly marked by the discrepancy of natural resources ownership and many agrarian conflicts. This is normative research, use conceptual approach and secondary data. Then, data collected is analyzed qualitatively. Based on research, moral reading stated by Dworkin is very relevant to be implemented to create agrarian justice in Indonesia because of its endorse rule to be interpreted according to the justice principle. Dworkin's theory of justice is very relevant in creating justice in Indonesia because of : (1) emphasize the importance of public participation and individual understanding in constructing justice; (2) acknowledgment of public diversity; and (3) giving attention to disadvantaged people.
IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW NUMBER 6 OF 2014 ON VILLAGES RELATED TO THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN VILLAGE REGULATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Purwanti Ani , Setiawan Fajar Ahmad
Published: April 2021

This article explores the affirmative action related to women's political participation in the village's decision-making process that results in village regulations. This article uses a law-based approach, it will also demonstrate the contrasting implications between affirmative action on the village legislative system and the regional parliamentary system (city, province, and state). The decision-making process in the village differs from the conventional Parliament, where the implications of the affirmative action of village law differ from the parliamentary system. This is due to the existence of the village deliberation where a group of women is mandated to be directly involved in direct deliberation. This feature facilitates bottom-up politics for gender equality and advocacy of women's rights in decision-making where female and group representatives can work shoulder-to-shoulder and safeguard one another on the agenda of Women's empowerment and gender equality. This is a unique advantage that does not exist in parliamentary politics because the quota system does not guarantee the representation of women ideologically in line with the interests of women they represent.
Special Issue on Actions Toward Futuristic Urban Flood Risk Research and Management
Authors: Shibuo Yoshihiro , Kawaike Kenji , Furumai Hiroaki
Published: April 2021

As rainfalls exceeding the designed level have increased, so has damage associated with pluvial flooding. Typhoon Hagibis, which swept Japan in 2019, left 140 municipalities in 15 prefectures scarred from flooding. The sewage networks damaged by the typhoon affected civic life by paralyzing urban functions, raising concerns in urban flood risk and management. Increases in heavy rainfall events associated with global climate change are expected to increase damage from pluvial flooding, thereby necessitating reviews of current urban flood risk management for the purpose of making further improvements against future threats. As we enter an era of frequent urban flooding, it is vitally important that we prepare for urban flood risk management by sharing scientific and technological knowledge among academics, private companies, and administrators.

In this context, the current issue is a compilation of contemporary research studies in academia, technological advances in private companies, and practical applications in public administrations in Japan. The works include: the application of urban flood modeling in safe evacuation strategies, the assessment of economic loss, and the impact of climate change; state of the art technologies for urban flood management with the Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet Communication Technology (ICT), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), and the next generation of weather radars; and best practices for flood countermeasures, based on knowledge and experience from historical flooding and applied in prefectural governments and local municipalities.

We are grateful to all the authors and reviewers who contributed to this special issue, and we hope that it may internationally enhance knowledge-exchange in preparation for growing urban flood risks.
Estimation of Potential Economic Losses Due to Flooding Considering Variations of Spatial Distribution of Houses and Firms in a City
Authors: Kotone Kaito , Taniguchi Kenji , Nakamura Koichi , Takayama Yuki ,   Division of Environmental Design, Kanazawa University Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan,   Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan,   Nihonkai Consultant Co., Ltd., Ishikawa, Japan
Published: April 2021

In Japan, flood disasters caused by record-breaking heavy rainfall frequently cause significant damages. It is also great concern that heavy rainfall may increase and occur more frequently due to global warming. In July 2013, a heavy rainfall event caused record-flooding of the Kakehashi River in Ishikawa Prefecture. In this study, pseudo global warming (PGW) experiments were implemented for the heavy rainfall in 1998 and 2013 around the Kakehashi River basin. Based on the results of PGW simulations, rainfall with different return periods were generated. Runoff analyses and inundation simulations were carried out by forcings with multiple return periods, and the results were used to estimate the economic losses due to flood inundation. Expected values of the economic losses were calculated using two methods for multiple return periods. Differences between the two expected values indicates the importance of the weighting method for the result of each return period. In addition, variations of spatial distribution of houses and firms in a city (i.e., urban structure) were simulated using a computable urban economics (CUE) model for the area of middle-lower reach of the Kakehashi River basin to examine its impact on economic loss due to flooding. In the simulation using the CUE model, a more severe flood inundation risk and an additional insurance burden for general households were added, and possible variations of urban structure were estimated around the lower part of the Kakehashi River basin. Under the more severe risk condition, relocation proceeded from higher risk areas to safer areas, and possible economic losses decreased in the target area. This result indicates that proper recognition of risk can reduce flood damages. On the other hand, there were small variations in economic losses under the condition with the additional flood insurance burden.
The Trend in Measures Against Urban Inundation in Japan
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki ,   The University of Tokyo  7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Published: April 2021

All over Japan, damage has occurred from flood from inland waters. Because the measures against urban inundation should be promoted swiftly and economically, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has implemented policies to push forward efficient and effective mitigation measures. Such comprehensive policies combine tangible and intangible measures and select prioritized areas for implementation. In June 2020, forecasting methods for probable maximum rainfall were announced, taking heavy rain and climate change into consideration. Furthermore, because a sewer system itself can be damaged from heavy rain, measures have been adopted to make a water-resistant sewerage system. In this manner, various policies in Japan address measures against urban inundation.
Changing Narratives of Survivors of the 2014 Hiroshima Landslide
Authors: Kawasaki Rie , Hikita Atsushi ,   Department of Comprehensive Human Life Skills, Hijiyama Junior College 4-1-1 Ushitashinmachi, Higashiku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 732-8509, Japan,   Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand the fluidity of survivors’ narratives and to clarify the changes such narratives undergo after time has elapsed. Nineteen survivors of the landslide disaster that occurred on August 20, 2014 in Hiroshima City were interviewed twice-three years after the disaster and five years after the disaster-and the changes in the content of their narratives were analyzed. In addition, by analyzing the titles of newspaper articles that were published within one month of the disaster, the characteristics of narrative transformation were quantitatively identified. The narratives of disaster victims that were once accepted as “dominant stories” become “personalized” as “alternative stories” with the elapse of time, even though they are told by the same person. Comparisons of two interviews conducted at different times show that the word “evacuation” undergoes a significant change in context over time elapse, while the word “disaster” appears in a new context in the fifth-year interview. While social or community groups are the bearers of “socialized” memories, individuals are the bearers of “personalized” memories which are expected to continue to change as time elapses. It is necessary to examine what should be shared in order to utilize disaster victims’ memories to prevent and mitigate disasters, and how to such memories should be shared.
Cumulative Rates of Child Protection Involvement and Terminations of Parental Rights in a California Birth Cohort, 1999–2017
Authors: Putnam-Hornstein Emily , Ahn Eunhye , Prindle John , Magruder Joseph , Webster Daniel , Wildeman Christopher
Published: April 2021

Objectives. To document the cumulative childhood risk of different levels of involvement with the child protection system (CPS), including terminations of parental rights (TPRs).

Methods. We linked vital records for California’s 1999 birth cohort (n = 519 248) to CPS records from 1999 to 2017. We used sociodemographic information captured at birth to estimate differences in the cumulative percentage of children investigated, substantiated, placed in foster care, and with a TPR.

Results. Overall, 26.3% of children were investigated for maltreatment, 10.5% were substantiated, 4.3% were placed in foster care, and 1.1% experienced a TPR. Roughly 1 in 2 Black and Native American children were investigated during childhood. Children receiving public insurance experienced CPS involvement at more than twice the rate of children with private insurance.

Conclusions. Findings provide a lower-bound estimate of CPS involvement and extend previous research by documenting demographic differences, including in TPRs.

Public Health Implications. Conservatively, CPS investigates more than a quarter of children born in California for abuse or neglect. These data reinforce policy questions about the current scope and reach of our modern CPS.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Correctional Staff in the Federal Bureau of Prisons
Authors: Toblin Robin L. , Cohen Sylvie I. , Hagan Liesl M.
Published: April 2021

Objectives. To examine SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) epidemiology and risk factors among Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) staff in the United States.

Methods. We calculated the SARS-CoV-2 case rate among 37 640 BOP staff from March 12 to June 17, 2020, using payroll and COVID-19–specific data. We compared occupational factors among staff with and without known SARS-CoV-2 using multiple logistic regression, controlling for demographic characteristics. We calculated relative risk among staff in stand-alone institutions versus complexes (> 1 institution).

Results. SARS-CoV-2 was reported by 665 staff across 59.8% of institutions, a case rate of 1766.6 per 100 000. Working in dorm-style housing and in detention centers were strong risk factors, whereas cell-based housing was protective; these effects were erased in complexes. Occupational category was not associated with SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 infection was more likely among staff working in institutions where physical distancing and limiting exposure to a consistent set of staff and inmates are challenging.

Public Health Implications. Mitigation strategies—including augmented staff testing, entry and exit testing among inmates, limiting staff interactions across complexes, and increasing physical distancing by reducing occupancy in dorm-style housing—may prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections among correctional staff.
Relaciones de redes, perspectiva de internacionalización para la pyme Gastro Innova
Authors: Montenegro-Arcila María Merced
Published: April 2021

Las teorías de internacionalización explican cómo las empresas desarrollan sus procesos para la exportación de productos y servicios, y cómo el impacto de las relaciones de redes los dinamiza con miras a superar algunas limitantes. Por esta razón, este trabajo tiene como objetivo situar las relaciones de redes en modos de entrada al mercado internacional. Al explorar tres casos de estudio de empresas colombianas, se describen brevemente las estrategias y los factores que aceleraron el proceso y cómo la consolidación de las relaciones sociales y comerciales impacta su internacionalización. De esta manera, al analizar desde la teoría de redes se puede suscitar, como un modo de entrada de alto grado, la perspectiva de internacionalización para la pyme Gastro Innova. Se tienen en cuenta tres perspectivas teóricas de internacionalización que servirán en el propósito de apoyar el análisis del crecimiento de una empresa a nivel internacional. Primero, se abordan temas como tipos de estrategias y factores claves para la internacionalización, posteriormente, se mencionan algunos tratados internacionales vigentes que colaboran en el fortalecimiento de las relaciones macroeconómicas y, por último, se trata el impacto que tienen las relaciones de redes para la internacionalización de las pymes.
Operator-Based Linearization Approach for Modeling of Multiphase Flow with Buoyancy and Capillarity
Authors: Lyu Xiaocong , Khait Mark , Voskov Denis
Published: April 2021

Numerical simulation of coupled multiphase multicomponent flow and transport in porous media is a crucial tool for understanding and forecasting of complex industrial applications related to the subsurface. The discretized governing equations are highly nonlinear and usually need to be solved with Newton’s method, which corresponds with high computational cost and complexity. With the presence of capillary and gravity forces, the nonlinearity of the problem is amplified even further, which usually leads to a higher numerical cost. A recently proposed operator-based linearization (OBL) approach effectively improves the performance of complex physical modeling by transforming the discretized nonlinear conservation equations into a quasilinear form according to state-dependent operators. These operators are approximated by means of a discrete representation on a uniform mesh in physical parameter space. Continuous representation is achieved through the multilinear interpolation. This approach provides a unique framework for the multifidelity representation of physics in general-purpose simulation. The applicability of the OBL approach was demonstrated for various energy subsurface applications with multiphase flow of mass and heat in the presence of buoyancy and diffusive forces. In this work, the OBL approach is extended for multiphase multicomponent systems with capillarity. Through the comparisons with a legacy commercial simulator using a set of benchmark tests, we demonstrate that the extended OBL scheme significantly improves the computational efficiency with the controlled accuracy of approximation and converges to the results of the conventional continuous approach with an increased resolution of parametrization.