bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mst1 Inhibition As A Cellular Mediator: Prevention Of Anoikis In mBMSCs Through Activating ITGα5β1/FAK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhang Qian , Wu Shang , Zhang Haizhou , Yu Wancheng
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Lost of adhesion of the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) to the extracellular matrix (i.e., anoikis) caused poor survival, which limited the therapeutic efficacy of the MSCs. We recently found that the suppression of the mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1) protected the mouse bone marrow MSCs (mBMSCs) from ROS-mediated cell apoptosis. However, the effect of Mst1 inhibition on the anoikis of mBMSCs remains elusive. METHODS: We propose the use of poly-HEMA-induced anoikis following the Mst1 silencing in the mBMSCs, then cell anoikis were tested by Anoikis Assay Kit and TUNEL Assay Kit, and the change of integrin (ITG)/FAK signal pathway were measured.RESULTS: The mBMSCs were susceptible to anoikis but became anoikis-resistant via Mst1 inhibition. In addition, p- focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) was upregulated, whereas activated caspase 3 was downregulated in the poly-HEMA-treated mBMSC/sh-Mst1. Mst1 inhibition activated ITGα5 and ITGβ1 but not ITGα4, ITGαv, or ITGβ3. Further analysis revealed that anoikis resistance conferred by sh-Mst1 was disrupted by either inhibiting ITGα5 or ITGβ1 by using siRNA.CONCLUSIONS: Mst1 inhibition resulted in the anoikis resistance of mBMSCs by activating the ITGα5β1/FAK signaling pathway. Inactivation of Mst1 may provide a promising strategy to overcome the anoikis of the implanted MSCs.
A Gene Modular Approach to a Temporal Meningococcal Septic Shock Transcriptome, Enabling Clinical Phenotype Genotype Association
Authors: Rashid Asrar , Uddin Mohammed , Sarpal Amrita , Shaikh M. Guftar , Benakatti Govind , Ismail Javed , Zaki Syed Ahmed , Hussain Amir
Published: October 2021

Meningococcal Septic Shock (MSS) is a life-threatening condition, especially in Infants. Acutely, critical care support to physiologically impact disease progression is an imperative. Exploring the clinical relationship according to temporal microarray data could aid in tracking MSS pathogenesis during this critical period. For the first time, clinical-phenotype gene-expression association studies using Weighted Gene Co Expression Network analysis (WGCNA) was completed on 5 children admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Then using WGCNA, 18 gene modular clusters were identified. A gene list was generated for each module that was significantly associated with clinical traits. Each gene list underwent gene enrichment analysis. The modules associated with Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) score at 0, 24, and 48 hours showed a changing pattern of enriched pathways related to nuclear (p < 2e-08), cytoplasmic (p < 4e-05) and then extracellular gene regulation (p < 7e-17) for PELOD 0, 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Though WGCNA has been applied to sepsis datasets by other researchers, this study demonstrates association of important temporal clinical characteristics, i.e. PELOD score, with changing cellular processes. This study is an important step in design a gene modular approach with pathophysiological insights, potentially aiding future clinical research design and therapeutic approaches.
Sweat Contamination Induced Surgical Site Infections After Spine Surgery: Three Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Ma Yuhang , SHEN KELV , WU DUANRONG , LU ZHENGFENG
Published: October 2021

Background:Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most intractable complications following spine surgery during the early postoperative stage. Elderly (age > 70 years), body mass index > 30, smoking, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anemia, low serum albumin, operation time > 3h, and perioperative blood loss > 500 ml are the common risk factors of SSI after spine surgery. However, there are few published reports about sweat contamination induced surgical site infections with Staphylococcus epidermidis up to date. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a permanent member of the normal human microbiota and has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in SSI. We aim to detect the influence of sweat infiltration on SSI with Staphylococcus epidermidis and effective management. Case presentation:A 73-year-old male, a 54-year-old male and a 73-year-old female were admitted to our hospital. All of them underwent posterior compression and fusion surgery with internal fixation and got surgical site infection after primary surgery. Two of them suffered moderate surgical site infection while the third patient with comorbidities suffered severe surgical site infection. Antibiotic therapy and debridement with internal fixation retained were utilized during which microbiological culture were taken. The moderate infection patients got fully recovered after debridement and primary suture while the serious one had recurrence after the first debridement, and then the second operation was performed. SSI, however, relapsed after three days. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) system was replaced in the third debridement. The severe patient got well recovered and discharged after displacement of VAC system. Conclusion:Sweat-contaminated is an inducement of SSI with Staphylococcus epidermidis that should attract surgeons’ attention. For mild infection, changing dressing and infrared treatment can achieve good results. For moderate infection, one debridement and primary suture are enough. For severe infection, early application of VAC system can reduce the number of debridement and achieve good clinical outcome.
Projected Changes in Meteorological Drought Over East Africa Inferred from Bias-Adjusted CMIP6 Models
Authors: Ayugi Brian , Shilenje Zablon Weku , Babaousmail Hassen , Sian Kenny T.C. Lim Kam , Mumo Richard , Dike Victor Nnamdi , Iyakaremye Vedaste , Chehbouni Abdelghani , Ongoma Victor
Published: October 2021

The ongoing global warming has caused unprecedented changes in the climate system, leading to climate change and increase in drought occurrence, duration, severity and intensity. This research uses the sixth phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) data to investigate the projected changes in drought events over East Africa (EA) under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-4.0 and SSP5-8.5). Drought is quantified using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) considering different measures: drought duration (DD), drought frequency (DF), drought severity (DS) and drought intensity (DI). The CMIP6 data are first bias-corrected using a quantile mapping method, with the Climatic Research Unit (CRU)’s precipitation data as the observation. Evaluating the accuracy and reliability of historical data before and after correction demonstrates the importance of such approach. The projection results show that a drying pattern is expected during the mid future, while the end of the century is projected to get wetter, with a stronger magnitude for the wetting than the drying trend. Moreover, the dry areas of EA are likely to experience more frequent drought events with longer duration and stronger intensity and severity in the far future. In contrast, the highland and lake regions are likely witness a decrease in drought occurrences, affirming the “dry gets drier and wet gets wetter” theory over EA. This study identifies possible drought hotspots over EA, thus enabling early preparation for such events.
Temperature Estimation of an Entangled Pair of Trapped Ions
Authors: Neto O. P. de Sá , Costa H. A. S. , Prataviera G. A. , de Oliveira M. C.
Published: October 2021

We apply estimation theory to a system formed by two interacting trapped ions. By using the Fisher matrix formalism, we introduce a simple scheme for estimation of the temperature of the longitudinal vibrational modes of the ions. We use the ions interaction to effectively infer the temperature of the individual ions, by optimising the interaction time evolution and by measuring only over one of the ions. We also investigate the effect of a non-thermal reservoir over the inference approach. The non-classicality of one of the ions vibrational modes, introduced due to a squeezed thermal reservoir, improves the indirect inference of the individual temperatures.
Effects of the Combination of High-intensity Interval Training and Ecdysterone on Learning and Memory Abilities, Antioxidant Enzymes Activities, and Neuronal Population in an Amyloid-beta-induced Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Gholipour Parsa , Komaki Alireza , Ramezani Mahdi
Published: October 2021

AimsOxidative stress and neuronal death are the primary reasons for the progression of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Ecdysterone, a common derivative of ecdysteroids, possesses free radical scavenging and cognitive-improving effects. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) may be a therapeutic strategy for improving cognitive decline and oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of HIIT alone and its combination with Ecdysterone on the changes in learning and memory functions, hippocampal antioxidant enzymes activities, and neuronal population after AD induced by Aβ in male rats. Materials and methodsFollowing ten days of Aβ-injection, HIIT exercise and Ecdysterone treatment (10 mg/kg/day; P.O.) were initiated and continued for eight consecutive weeks in rats. At the end of the treatment period, rat’s learning and memory functions were assessed using water-maze and passive-avoidance tests. Moreover, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and neuronal population were evaluated in rat’s brains.Resultshe results indicated that Aβ injection disrupted spatial/passive avoidance learning and memory in both water-maze and passive-avoidance paradigms, accompanied by a decrease in the superoxide dismutase and catalase (as endogenous antioxidants) in rat hippocampus. Additionally, Aβ injection resulted in neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Although consumption of Ecdysterone separately improved spatial/passive avoidance learning and memory impairments, recovered hippocampal activity of SOD and CAT, and prevented the hippocampal neuronal loss, its combination with HIIT resulted in a more powerful and effective amelioration in all the above-mentioned Aβ-neuropathological changes.Conclusion﻿The current work's data confirms that a combination of HIIT exercise and Ecdysterone treatment could be a promising potential therapeutic agent against AD-associated cognitive decline, owing to their free radical scavenging and neuroprotective properties.
Efficient Plant Regeneration via Meristematic Nodule Culture in Paeonia Ostii ‘Feng Dan’
Authors: Xu Li , Cheng Fangyun , Zhong Yuan
Published: October 2021

Tree peony (Paeonia sect. Moutan) is an economically important multipurpose woody plant in terms of its medical, ornamental and oil values, but its breeding and industrial development are severely limited due to inefficient traditional propagation methods and existing in vitro regeneration systems. Meristematic nodules (MNs) are an attractive alternative to solve this problem. This study first presented a protocol for in vitro regeneration of P. ostii ‘Feng Dan’ via MN culture with four consecutive steps, including embryogenic callus (EC) formation, MN induction and leaf cluster differentiation, shoot elongation, rooting and acclimatization. The highest EC induction rate (81.25%) was achieved when cotyledons were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (mMS) medium with 4.04 µM N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea (CPPU)+5.37 µM α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) for 30 days. The optimal MN induction rate (100%) and leaf cluster differentiation rate (45.83%) were obtained when ECs were cultured on modified woody plant medium (mWPM) supplemented with 2.02 µM CPPU+2.27 µM thidiazuron (TDZ) for a subculture time of 10 days. The combination of 1.29 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA)+0.58 µM gibberellin (GA3) yielded the best shoot elongation (13.40 shoots per nodule), rooting rate (43.33%) and survival rate (45.83%). The protocol will play an important role in mass propagation, breeding and genetic improvement of tree peony.
Comparison and Gas Loading Impact on Counter- and Concurrent Trickle-Bed Reactor Configurations for Ex-Situ Biomethanation
Authors: Sposob Michal , Wahid Radziah
Published: October 2021

In this work, the two different configurations (counter- and concurrent) of laboratory scale trickle-bed reactors for ex-situ biomethanation were studied under continuous operation. Reactors operating at thermophilic conditions (50°C) were fed with H2 and CO2 (ratio 4:1) while cow manure used as liquid phase and source of nutrients for microbiota. Studies were performed at the gas loading rate ranging from 10 m3/m3/d to 30 m3/m3/d. The counter-current configuration performed better and had a higher stability compared to concurrent configuration. It achieved 96.1 ± 2.5% of CH4 at gas loading 10 m3/m3/d compared to 86.4 ± 3.3% of CH4 in concurrent at the same loading. At gas loadings >15 m3/m3/d, the concurrent configuration had unstable performance (decreasing CH4 content), while the counter-current reactor exhibited stable performance even at the highest studied loading (30 m3/m3/d), with 68.5 ± 2.5% of CH4. The hydrogenotrophic methanogens such as Methanobacterium (45.7-64.9%) and Methanothermobacter prevailed in both configurations.
Natural Radiation of Chemical Fertilisers and Radiological Impact on Agriculture Soil
Authors: Abbasi Akbar
Published: October 2021

To investigate, the radiological hazards indices of chemical fertilisers commonly used in agriculture soils of Arasbaran, Iran, the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in four types of chemical fertilisers were measured by gamma spectrometry system. The concentration range for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were obtained from 54±2.2 to 1585±29.4, 6±0.1 to 157±9.1 and 31±1.5 to 1496 ± 32.8 Bq/kg, respectively. The obtained results showed that the average of radiation hazard parameters for the fertilisers were higher than the reference level for the gamma index(Ig), alpha index(Ia), absorbed dose rate(D), and ambient dose equivalent rate (H*(10)) values. The outcomes give rise to that more parameters values are over the permissible limit, increasing the likelihood of adverse health consequences.
A Modular Product Design Framework For The Home Appliance Industry
Authors: Lima Matheus Bólico , Kubota Flavio Issao
Published: October 2021

Methodologies that optimize product development are becoming increasingly important due to global competition. Additionally, customers have been more demanding in terms of product quality, also requiring more environmentally friendly goods and services. In order to accomplish with these goals, this study builds a product modularization framework for developing new products. We developed our protocol based on the Modular Function Deployment (MFD) and the Product Line Commonality Index (PCI). We obtained the modules after applying MFD and compared them with an actual product developed by a home appliance organization, to ensure validity in both theory and practice. We chose the hinge module to apply PCI, finding a significant potential to communize the component. A careful analysis of MFD and PCI outcomes in the product development process may increase modularization efficiency and bring pertinent information for product architecture decisions and strategies. However, it is noteworthy that a market analysis is needed before communizing components. On one hand, companies may reduce development and manufacturing costs through part commonality. On the other hand, there may be market rejection due to product design and architecture changes.
Composition and yield of non-cellulosic and cellulosic sugars in soluble and particulate fractions during consolidated bioprocessing of poplar biomass by Clostridium thermocellum
Authors: Biswal Ajaya K. , Hengge Neal N. , Black Ian M. , Atmodjo Melani A. , Mohanty Sushree S. , Ryno David , Himmel Michael E. , Azadi Parastoo , Bomble Yannick J. , Mohnen Debra
Published: October 2021

Background
Terrestrial plant biomass is the primary renewable carbon feedstock for enabling transition to a sustainable bioeconomy. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) by the cellulolytic thermophile Clostridium thermocellum offers a single step microbial platform for production of biofuels and biochemicals via simultaneous solubilization of carbohydrates from lignocellulosic biomass and conversion to products. Here, solubilization of cell wall cellulosic, hemicellulosic, and pectic polysaccharides in the liquor and solid residues generated during CBP of poplar biomass by C. thermocellum was analyzed.
Results
The total amount of biomass solubilized in the C. thermocellum fermentation platform was 5.8, 10.3, and 13.7% of milled non-pretreated poplar after 24, 48, and 120 h, respectively. When combined, these results demonstrate solubilization of 24% cellulose and 17% non-cellulosic sugars after 120 h, consistent with prior reports. The solubilization of non-cellulosic sugars by C. thermocellum compared to uninoculated control fermentations was 13 to 36% of arabinose (Ara), xylose (Xyl), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man), and glucose (Glc); and 15% and 3% of fucose and glucuronic acid, respectively. No rhamnose was solubilized and 71% of the galacturonic acid (GalA) was solubilized. These results indicate that C. thermocellum may be selective for the types and/or rate of solubilization of the non-cellulosic wall polymers. Xyl, Man, and Glc were found to accumulate in the fermentation liquor at levels greater than in uninoculated control fermentations, whereas Ara and Gal did not accumulate, suggesting that C. thermocellum solubilizes both hemicelluloses and pectins but utilizes them differently. After five days of fermentation, the amount of Rha in the solid residues increased 27%, indicating that the Rha-containing polymers (i.e., rhamnogalacturonan I, RG-I) were not effectively solubilized by C. thermocellum CBP. Comparison of the sugars in the liquor versus solid residue showed that C. thermocellum solubilized hemicellulosic xylan and mannan but did not fully utilize them, solubilized and appeared to utilize pectic homogalacturonan, and did not solubilize pectic RG-I.
Conclusions
The significant increase in Rha in poplar solid residues following CBP indicates that C. thermocellum did not solubilize RG-I. These results support the hypothesis that this pectic glycan may be a barrier for efficient solubilization of poplar by C. thermocellum.
Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers of methamphetamine withdrawal based on the neuro-inflammation hypothesis: the possible improvement effect of exercise
Authors: Wang Jingsong , Lu Chunxia , Zheng Lan , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2021

Background：Investigate how exercise affects the desire for methamphetamine (MA) withdrawal and to explore the mechanisms of peripheral inflammation.Methods： Ninety methamphetamine withdrawal patients participated enrolled in the study. The subjects were grouped according to the degree of craving induced by the clues: non craving control group (NCC group), craving control group (CC group) and craving exercise group (CE group). The CE group performed aerobic combined resistance training. The ELISA method was then used to detect plasma IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations, Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) measurement of cue-induced cravings under Virtual Reality(VR) exposure (VR-VAS) and the Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) were used to assess cravings.Results：Plasma IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, levels as well as the VR-VAS and DDQ scores of methamphetamine withdrawal patients were significantly reduced after exercise; The scores of VR-VAS were positively correlated with the plasma concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β.Conclusions：This study confirmed that plasma IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β can be used as biomarkers of peripheral inflammation in methamphetamine withdrawal patients to predict the degree of craving. At the same time,eight weeks of incremental load aerobic combined with resistance training reduces peripheral inflammation, significantly reduces the level of craving for MA extraction.
The Utility of Multi-Modal Intra-Operative Neurophysiological Monitor in Corrective Surgery for Thoracic Tuberculosis with Kyphosis
Authors: Huang Xianming , Huang Shishu , Gong Quan , Luo Chao , Song Yueming , Liu Limin , Yang Xi , Xiao Tingting , Zhou Chunguang , Zhou Zhongjie
Published: October 2021

Background

This study assesses performance and utility of motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials during corrective surgery to thoracic tuberculosis with kyphosis (TTK), as well as corresponding risk factors.
Methods

Patients diagnosed with TTK and underwent TTK corrective surgery from 2012 to 2018 were included. Relevant Data were retrospectively collected. Measures of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) performance were calculated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under ROC curve (AUC) were deployed to identify the diagnostic accuracy of potential recovery. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine risk factors correlated with IONM alerting.
Results

68 patients were included. The mean age was 31.7±20.3 years (3-78 years). IONM alerting occurred in 12 surgeries (12/68, 17.6%), of which 6 were somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) alerting, 2 motor evoked potential (MEP) alerting, and 4 combinations of both SSEP and MEP. There were 10 posterior vertebral column resections (PVCRs) and 2 pedicle subtraction osteotomies (PSOs) with 1.83±1.19 vertebra resected. Four (4/68, 5.89%) patients were identified with presence of postoperative neurological deficits (PNDs). Calculated measures of performance of MEP and SSEP were as follows: sensitivity of 0.75, specificity of 0.86, positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.25, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.98 respectively. The AUC of evoked potential recovery in diagnosing a PND was 0.884. On logistic regression analysis, sever kyphosis was determined as the independent risk factor for IONM alerting.
Conclusions

Multimodal IONM can benefit 66.7% participants from neural impingement under appropriate intervention after IONM alerting. Corrective surgery in TTK is at risk of spinal injury, especially in severe kyphosis requiring three-column osteotomy.
Kernel-based Data Transformation Model for Nonlinear Classification of Symbolic Data
Authors: Yan Xuanhui , Chen Lifei , Guo Gongde
Published: October 2021

Symbolic data are usually composed of some categorical variables used to represent discrete entities in many real-world applications. Mining of symbolic data is more difficult than numerical data due to the lack of inherent geometric properties of this type of data. In this paper, we use two kinds of kernel learning methods to create a kernel estimation model and a non-linear classification algorithm for symbolic data. By using the kernel smoothing method, we construct a squared-error consistent probability estimator for symbolic data, followed by a new data transformation model proposed to embed symbolic data into Euclidean space. Based on the model, the inner product and distance measure between symbolic data objects are reformulated, allowing a new Support Vector Machine (SVM), called SVM-S, to be defined for non-linear classification on symbolic data using the Mercer kernel learning method. The experiment results show that SVM can be much more effective for symbolic data classification based on our proposed model and measures.
The Effect of 6-months Fruit-rich Diet on Liver Steatosis, Liver Enzymes, Insulin Resistance, and Lipid Profile in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Alami Farkhondeh , Alizadeh Mohammad , Shateri Kamran
Published: October 2021

Background Despite various recommended dietary approaches to improve the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), the effect of fruits is not clear. In addition, observational studies reported conflicting results. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of fruit rich diet (FRD) on liver steatosis, liver enzymes, Insulin resistance, and lipid profile in patients with NAFLD.MethodsEighty adults with a diagnosed NAFLD participated in this randomized controlled trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to the FRD group with consumption of at least 4 servings/day or the control group with consumption of less than 2 servings/day. The grade of steatosis, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and insulin resistance were evaluated at the baseline and at the end of the study.ResultsThe mean daily intake of fruits during the study was 6.96±0.61 and 1.65±0.17 servings in the FRD and control groups, respectively. After 6 months of intervention, there was a significant increase in BMI (P<0.001), the grade of steatosis (P<0.001), liver enzymes (P<0.001), dyslipidemia (P<0.001), FBS (P<0.001), and insulin resistance (P<0.001) in the FRD group. In contrast, an improvement was observed in BMI (P<0.001), steatosis (P<0.001), lipid profile (P<0.05), and insulin resistance (P<0.001) in the control group. Adjusting for the effect of change in energy and other food groups intake, and BMI did not alter the findings of the study. ConclusionThe present study showed that consumption of fruits more than 4 servings/day exacerbates steatosis, dyslipidemia, and glycemic control in NAFLD patients. Trial registrationThis trial was registered at Iranian randomized clinical trial website with IRCT registration no. IRCT20201010048982N1on October 15, 2020.
Stem Cell Induction and Plant Regeneration Are Affected By Medium Components in Maca (Lepidium Meyenii Walp)
Authors: Kahrizi Danial , Farr Atefeh Fahimi , Chaghakaboodi Zeinab , Khazaei Mozafar , Sozmen Esra Ucar , Dogan Hulya
Published: October 2021

Selection, propagation and conservation of important genotypes are important in medicinal-industrial plants. Nowadays, using tissue culture and regeneration techniques of medicinal plants under in vitro conditions has been able to proliferate medicinal plants widely, which is much higher than traditional methods of vegetative propagation. Maca (Lepidium meyenii), is an industrial plant whose root is the usable part. Maca has valuable medicinal effects such as sexual enhancement and reproductive power, infertility treatment, improved sperm count and quality, anti-stress, osteoporosis prevention and more. This study was conducted to induce callus and regeneration of Maca. First, MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of Kinetin, NAA and 2,4-D (0.5, 1 and 2 μM respectively) and control were compared for callus induction from root and leaves. After 38 days of incubation, the first callus appeared, after 50 days of callus induction and after 79 days regeneration occurred. The callus induction experiment was performed for the study of the effect of three explants (leaf, stem and root) and seven hormone levels. The regeneration experiment was carried out by studying the effect of three explants (leaf, stem and root) on eight levels of the hormone. The results of data analysis on callus induction showed that the effects of explants, hormones and their interactions on callus induction percentage were highly significant but not significant on callus growth rate. The results of regression analysis showed that explants, hormones and their interactions had no significant effect on regeneration percentage.
Quasi- Perfect Vortices Generated by Pancharatnam-Berry Phase Metasurfaces for Optical Spanners and OAM Communication
Authors: Shen Zhe , Xiang Zhiyuan , Shen Yaochun
Published: October 2021

Optical vortex (OV) can be used in the fields of optical manipulation and optical communication because of its inherent orbital angular momentum (OAM). The size of the OV ring increases with the correlated topological charge (TC), making the OV with large TC not suitable for optical rotation and short-distance communication. Perfect vortex (PV) has attracted much attention due to that its optical transmission profile is almost independent of TC. In this manuscript, we proposed a method to generate quasi- perfect vortices (Q-PVs) by Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase metasurfaces, the so-called Q-PV can be regarded as an annularly focused optical vortex with spiral phase countermarked on the ring. It has a similar property to PV in that its light profile hardly changes with TC in the focal plane. We demonstrated that the Q-PV can be used for optical spanners that particles are trapped and rotated on the specific orbit. Non-coaxial and coaxial Q-PV arrays were further generated for OAM communication applications. We believe that the proposed Q-PVs has potential applications in optical manipulation and optical communication.
The HSV-1 ICP22 protein selectively impairs histone repositioning upon Pol II transcription downstream of genes
Authors: Djakovic Lara , Hennig Thomas , Reinisch Katharina , Milic Andrea , Whisnant Adam , Wolf Katharina , Weiß Elena , Haas Tobias , Grothey Arnhild , Juerges Christopher , Kluge Michael , Wolf Elmar , Erhard Florian , Friedel Caroline , Dolken Lars
Published: October 2021

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection and stress responses disrupt transcription termination by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II). In HSV-1 infection but not upon salt or heat stress, this is accompanied by a dramatic increase in chromatin accessibility downstream of genes. Here, we show that the HSV-1 immediate-early protein ICP22 is both necessary and sufficient to induce downstream open chromatin regions (dOCRs) upon disrupted transcription termination. This was matched by a marked ICP22-dependent loss of histones downstream of affected genes consistent with impaired histone repositioning in the wake of Pol II. Efficient knock-down of the ICP22-interacting histone chaperon FACT, though insufficient to induce dOCRs in ΔICP22 infection, increased dOCR induction upon wild-type HSV-1 infection. Interestingly, this was accompanied by a marked increase in chromatin accessibility within gene bodies. We propose a model in which allosteric changes in Pol II composition downstream of genes and ICP22-mediated interference with FACT activity explain the differential impairment of histone re-positioning in the wake of Pol II observed in HSV-1 infection.
The Stem Cell Quiescence and Niche Signaling is Disturbed in the Hair Follicle of the Hairpoor Mouse, an MUHH Model Mouse.
Authors: Choi Keonwoo , Park Sang-Hee , Park Seo-Yeon , Yoon Sungjoo Kim
Published: October 2021

Background

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSC) play an essential role in the maintenance of hair homeostasis during the hair cycle in which HFSC remain quiescent most of its duration. The hairpoor mouse (+/HrHp), an animal model of Marie-Unna Hypotrichosis (MUHH), exhibits over-expression of Hairless in the bulge, inner root sheath and outer root sheath of HF and exhibits the same phenotype as in MUHH patients manifesting sparse hair with progression to alopecia with age. In this study, we aimed to understand the hair cycle and the status of HFSC during the hair cycle of the hairpoor mouse to delineate the pathogenesis of MUHH.
Methods

To define the state of the hair follicle, H&E staining was performed. FACS analysis and immunostaining was utilized at the 1st and 2nd telogen stages to observe the HFSCs. Label retaining assay was carried out to determine the quiescent state of hair follicle. Expression of factors in involved in the niche signaling and the Wnt signaling was determined using qRT-PCR.
Results

We found that the number of hair follicle was drastically decreased after 1st telogen, then followed by the intensified disturbance in the hair cycle with shorter anagen as well as 2nd telogen in the hairpoor mouse. The number of CD34 expressing bulges as well as cells were dramatically reduced at the telogen of the HFs and the high proliferation of bulge cells was prominent, suggesting the loss of HFSC quiescence in the hairpoor mouse. The increased cell proliferation in HF was reiterated following the synchronization of hair cycle, leading to accelerating HF cycling. The expression of Fgf18 and Bmp6, the factors involved in the HFSC quiescence, was reduced in the HFSC niche of the hairpoor mouse. Furthermore, expression of Wnt signaling molecules including Wnt7b, Wnt10b and Sfrp1 were disturbed inducing the telogen to anagen transition of HFs in the hairpoor mouse.
Conclusions

These results indicate that the quiescent state of HFSC is not properly maintained in the hairpoor mouse and consequently leading HFs to the completely disarrayed hair cycle. These findings may provide an understanding of an underlying mechanism by which alopecia develops with age in MUHH patients.
An Unformed Chip Thickness Approach to Study the Influence of Process Vibration on Machining Performance in Milling
Authors: Guo Miaoxian , Wang Jianming , Guo Weicheng , Liu Jin , Jiang Xiaohui
Published: October 2021

The vibration in milling process plays a key role in machining, which will significantly affect the machining quality of workpiece. Some vibrations have negative influences on the workpiece surface, while particular vibrations are able to improve machining stability. Therefore, it is critical to distinguish the influence of different types of vibration on the machining quality. A simulation method of undeformed chip thickness considering process vibration is presented in this article, in which a finite element model is established to analyze the dynamic milling process of 7075-T651 aluminum alloy from the aspects of cutting force and temperature. A series of experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the simulation model, and the results show that the proposed model is accurate in predicting milling force and temperature. Furthermore, the effect of milling vibration on machining performance is studied with the proposed method, in which the relationship between amplitude-frequency characteristics of vibration and milling force-temperature fluctuation is revealed. The results show that the proposed method can define the influence of milling vibration and provide a basis for distinguishing favorable and unfavorable vibration parameters of machining quality in milling.
Funktionen der partikulären Guanylatzyklase NPR2 in der Schmerzverarbeitung
Authors:   , Kennel Lea
Published: October 2021

Viele Studien konnten nachweisen, dass die Produktion von cGMP eine entscheidende Funktion im nozizeptiven System einnimmt. Hierbei wurde vor allem die cGMP-Produktion über lösliche Guanylatzyklasen untersucht. Welche Rolle die partikulären Guanlyatzyklasen bei der Entstehung von Schmerzen haben ist weitgehend ungeklärt. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigte, dass die partikuläre Guanylatzyklase NPR2 stark in DRG-Neuronen exprimiert wird und dort mit cGKI-alpha sowie CRP4 colokalisiert ist. Aktiviert wird NPR2 über den Peptidliganden CNP. Hervorzuheben ist, dass CNP nicht in primär afferenten Neuronen, dafür jedoch vermehrt im Dorsalhorn des Rückenmarks gebildet wird. Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zeigten, dass SNS-Npr2-/--Mäuse ein verringertes Schmerzverhalten bei thermischer Stimulation aufwiesen. Während sie im Capsaicin-Test keinen Phänotyp zeigten, wiesen sie in Phase II des Formalin-Modells ein signifikant reduziertes Leckverhalten auf. Diese Ergebnisse liefern Hinweise für eine Beteiligung des CNP/NPR2/cGKI Signalwegs an der Detektion von Hitzeschmerz und an der TRPA1-vermittelten Schmerzantwort. Dabei scheint NPR2 eine pronozizeptive Funktion zu besitzen. CRP4 als Zielprotein scheint hingegen eine antinozizeptive Wirkung zu haben. Zudem kann die Hypothese aufgestellt werden, dass CNP über einen retrograden Transport aus dem Rückenmark die Aktivierung von NPR2 auslösen könnte.Zusammengefasst zeigen die Daten dieser Arbeit, dass eine cGMP-abhängige Aktivierung durch NPR2 primär für die Detektion thermischer Reize zuständig ist, während die Literatur Hinweise darauf gibt, dass lösliche Guanylatzyklasen vor allem an inflammatorischen und neuropathischen Prozessen beteiligt sind. Daher scheinen partikuläre und lösliche Guanylatzyklasen unterschiedliche Eigenschaften im nozizeptiven System zu besitzen.
Wechselstromleitfähigkeit nanogranularer Pt(C)-FEBID-Strukturen : Grundlagen und Anwendungen
Authors:   , Hanefeld Marc
Published: October 2021

Die vorliegende Dissertation behandelt das Thema der Wechselstromleitfähigkeit nano-granularer Metalle, welche mit Hilfe der fokussierten elektronenstrahlinduzierten Direktabscheidung (FEBID) hergestellt wurden, sowie der dielektrischen Relaxation in metall-organischen Gerüstverbindungen (MOFs). Sie war eingebettet in das interdisziplinäre Projekt „Dielectric and Ferroelectric Surface-Mounted Metal-Organic Frameworks (SURMOFs) as Sensor Devices“ im Rahmen des DPG-Schwerpunktsprogramms „Coordination Networks: Building Blocks for Functional Systems“ (SPP 1928, COORNETs). Dabei verfolgt sie ein Sensorkonzept zur selektiven Detektion von Analytgasen. Der zentrale Erfolg der Arbeit besteht dabei in neuen Erkenntnissen über die Wechselstromleitfähigkeit nano-granularer Pt(C)-FEBID-Deponate. Die hierbei gewonnen Erkenntnisse können in Zukunft einen weiteren Baustein in der theoretischen Beschreibung dieses grundlegend interessanten und für sensorische Anwendungen wichtigen Teilgebiets der Festkörperphysik darstellen.
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING PRACTICES OF BUNCHING ONION (ALLIUM FISTULOSUM L.) FARMERS IN PANGIL, LAGUNA
Authors:   Laguna State Polytechnic University, College of Agriculture., D. Alejandrino Darwin , L. Beato Lolita ,   Laguna State Polytechnic University, College of Agriculture.
Published: October 2021

Bunching onion cultivation is becoming a popular enterprise in the 4th District of Laguna. A survey was conducted to evaluate the production and marketing practices of bunching onion farmers in Pangil, Laguna. A total of 200 managers and caretakers of bunching onion farms in the study area were identified through purposive sampling. Questionnaire with a combination of close and open-ended questions was used in the interview. Chi- Square was used for testing the correlation and association.Results show that majority of the respondents, who have an average age of 51 years, indicate that bunching onion production is their primary source of income and they have been in farming for no less than 15 years. Less than 50% of the respondents have an average farm size of .5 hectare and majority of them are tenants. Most of the producers were not able to go beyond secondary education and majority, and has no affiliation to any farmers organization. Also, majority of the respondents have not attended any seminar on bunching onion production.Apart from the demographic profile, the respondents production and operation management of their bunching onion farms were documented. Marketing management, which includes pricing and selling, was recorded. Results reveal that both growers and viajeros are the ones who decide on the price of bunching onions.Based on the data, an average income of Php 436,450.00 can be earned from .5 hectare in one cropping. Return on Sales (ROS) of 90.93% shows that every peso earned from the sale of the product there is a corresponding Php 0.91 centavos net return. Return on Investment (ROI) of 10.02% shows that for every Php 1.00 invested there is a corresponding Php 0.10 centavos net return.The study revealed that the level of yield and profit per hectare per cycle isinfluenced by the educational attainment, household size, and farm size, but are not influenced by age of the respondents. The major problems of the bunching onion farmers are the high price of seeds, insufficient capital, insect pests and diseases. Data revealed that growing bunching onions is profitable and a considerable income can be obtained in 2 to 3 months. Conduct of similar studies on bunching onion production in other towns is recommended to compare the profitability and the practices. Encouraging the farmers to practice companion cropping or any cropping system with higher biodiversity on order to enhance productivity per unit area is likewise recommended. Further, the bunching onion farmers must be organized and be extended with applicable trainings and assistance by concerned agencies and entities in order to improve their status and productivity.
BIOREMEDIATION OF POLLUTED KAMLA RIVER WATER BY PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Authors:   P.G. Department Botany, Lalit Narayan Mithila University Darbhanga., Kumar Ravindra
Published: October 2021

The increasing need for remediation of contaminated sites has led to the development of new technologies that emphasize on the biological detoxification anddestructionofthe(organic)contaminants.Bioremediationisamongthesetechnologiesthatdestroyorrenderharmlessvariouscontaminants,usingthebiologicalactivityofcertainmicroorganisms[1].Needlesstosaythatasbioremediationactuallyreliesonthemicrobialgrowthandactivity,itseffectivenessishighlydependentontheappliedenvironmentalparametersthatinfluencethemicrobialgrowthandthedegradationrate.Bioremediationtechnologiescanbeclassifiedintotwogeneralcategories:exsituandinsitu.Theexsitutechniquesarethosethatrequirethe physical removal of the contaminated material and its transportation to another area for further treatment, for example, by bioreactors, landfarming and composting. The insitute chnologies are those that involve treatment of contaminated material in place, for example, by bioventing, biostimulation and biopiling. Overall, bioremediation isconsideredasaverypromisingtechnologywithgreatpotentialwhendealingwithcertaintypesofcontaminatedsites.Sofar,ithasbeenusedatanincreasingnumberofsitesworldwide,includingEurope,withvaryingsuccess.Theapplicationofbioremediationandphytoremediationofferssignificantbenefitstoenvironmentalpollutionabatementand,moreimportantly,tohumanhealthhowever,theriskofadversehealtheffectsmaybepresentduetothevariabilityofcontaminantsandtheirpossiblebiotransformationtowardnotcontrolledmetabolites.Therefore,specificcontrolproceduresshouldalsotakeplace.
THEORETICAL PROPOSAL OF NEW MOLECULES TO REPLACE CHLORDANE
Authors:   Laboratoire De Thermodynamique Et Physico-Chimie du Milieu, Universite Nangui Abrogoua., Ouattara Pierre Massaphanhoro , Kafoumba Bamba ,   Laboratoire De Thermodynamique Et Physico-Chimie du Milieu, Universite Nangui Abrogoua., Lamoussa Ouattara ,   Laboratoire De Thermodynamique Et Physico-Chimie du Milieu, Universite Nangui Abrogoua., Wawohinlin Patrice Ouattara ,   Laboratoire De Thermodynamique Et Physico-Chimie du Milieu, Universite Nangui Abrogoua., Nobel Kouakou Nguessan ,   Laboratoire De Thermodynamique Et Physico-Chimie du Milieu, Universite Nangui Abrogoua., Nahosse Ziao ,   Laboratoire De Thermodynamique Et Physico-Chimie du Milieu, Universite Nangui Abrogoua.
Published: October 2021

Chlordane was a most used as insecticide by farmers. Today, it is banned owing to its toxicity, bio-accumulative and persistence properties. Since then Â¶tits prohibition has created more unexploited stocks in the environment. Â¶In order to still allow the use of these products, we theoretically proposed new molecules derived from it. To meet this objective, we have reduced the number of chlorine atoms in the chlordane molecule to four. Thus, tÂ¶he QSAR and QSPR models already established made it possible to theoretically determine and the of 70 molecules proposed. Â¶The analysis of the results allowed to retain two molecules. These are (1S,2S,3R,6R,7R)-3,8,10,10-tetrachlorotricyclo[5,2,1.02,6]dec-8-ene) and (1R,2R,3R,6R,7S)-3,8,7,8-tetrachloro-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-ene. BothÂ¶bothbbbbbbbggddaaa molecules seem to present the best values of and BCF.Â¶Â¶In order to also verify the influence of fluorine on chlordane, we carried out another study. In this part, we have considered the two abovementioned molecules on which a substitution of four hydrogen atoms by four fluorine atoms was made. This gave the following two molecules: (1R,2S,3S,4R,6R,7S)-3,8,10,10-tetrachloro-1,4,7,9-tetrafluorotricyclo[5,2,1,02,6]dec-8-ene and (1S,2S,3R,4S,6S,7S)-1,3,7,8-tetrachloro-4,9,10,10-tetrafluorotricyclo[5,2,1,02,6]dec-8-ene. Both Â¶both molecules show higher BCF values â€‹â€‹than the formers. This would mean that organochlorine compounds which have fluorine atoms are storable. Besides, when we consider the fact that these molecules are more absorbent, (1R,2S,3S,4R,6R,7S)-3,8,10,10-tetrachloro-1,4,7,9-tetrafluorotricyclo[5,2,1,02,6]dec-8-ene and (1S,2S,3R,4S,6S,7S)-1,3,7,8-tetrachloro-4,9,10,10-tetrafluorotricyclo[5,2,1,02,6]dec-8-ene appear to be less accumulable and less toxic than (1S,2S,3R,6R,7R)-3,8,10,10-tetrachlorotricyclo[5,2,1.02,6]dec-8-eneand (1R,2R,3R,6R,7S)-3,8,7,8-tetrachloro-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-ene.
THE HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COVID-19 ON THE LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Science, Salaam University, Mogadishu, Somalia., Mead Ahmed , Abdullahi Yusuf Mohamed ,   Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Published: October 2021

Both histologically and anatomically, the respiratory system is a compound system having diverse functions. It fulfills the process of respiration that is regarded as gas exchange through conduction and filtration of air. The respiratory system is functionally divided into conducting and respiratory parts.Anatomically, the respiratory tract is categorized into the upper and lower respiratory tract. The lower respiratory tract represents the organs within the thorax such as the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar duct, and alveoli which make up the lungs.The paired lungs are parts of the lower respiratory tract which are regularly presented microorganisms.Although COVID-19 affects different organs simultaneously it seriously affects the lower respiratory system, produces respiratory distress to affected individuals, and mostly produces histological changes in the respiratory tract. In terms of COVID-19 effects on the lower respiratory tract, the lungs are affected in most cases, and the review is largely focused on the lungs. The histological effects of COVID-19 on the lungs are different and reveal a broad spectrum of abnormalities.Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) remained the principal lung histopathological finding in patients with COVID-19. DAD results from damage of the covering cells of the alveoli and endothelium ending with disarrangement of the blood-air barrier. Concerning the event of pulmonary injury, DAD is classified into three histopathological stages that are acute (exudative), subacute (organizing), and chronic (fibrotic) stage.Since there is no adequate information about the histological effects of COVID-19 on the lower respiratory system, this article aimed to review what is known about the histological effects of COVID-19 on the lower respiratory system. It summarizes the previous literature of published articles that examined the histological effects of COVID-19 on the lower respiratory system to display the present understanding of histological changes of the lower respiratory system associated with COVID-19. Further data about the histological effects of COVID-19 on the lower respiratory system is needed to adequately define the histopathological changes of the lower respiratory system associated with COVID-19.