bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrieval of snow layer and melt pond properties on Arctic sea ice from airborne imaging spectrometer observations
Authors: Rosenburg Sophie , Lange Charlotte , Jäkel Evelyn , Schäfer Michael , Ehrlich André , Wendisch Manfred
Published: May 2023

Abstract. A melting snow layer on Arctic sea ice, as a composition of ice, liquid water, and air, supplies meltwater that may trigger the formation of melt ponds. As a result, surface reflection properties are altered during the melting season and thereby may change the surface energy budget. To study these processes, sea ice surface reflection properties were derived from airborne measurements using imaging spectrometers. The data were collected over the closed and marginal Arctic sea ice zone north of Svalbard in May/June 2017. A retrieval approach based on different absorption indices of pure ice and liquid water in the near-infrared spectral range was applied to the campaign data. The technique enables to retrieve the spatial distribution of the liquid water fraction of a snow layer and the effective radius of snow grains. For observations from three research flights liquid water fractions between 8.7 % and 15.6 % and snow grain sizes between 115 μm and 378 μm were derived. In addition, the melt pond depth was retrieved based on an existing approach that isolates the dependence of a melt pond reflectance spectrum on the pond depth by eliminating the reflection contribution of the pond ice bottom. The application of the approach to several case studies revealed a high variability of melt pond depth with maximum depths of 0.33 m. The results were discussed considering uncertainties arising from the reflectance measurements, the setup of radiative transfer simulations, and the retrieval method itself. Overall, the presented retrieval methods show the potential and the limitations of airborne measurements with imaging spectrometers to map the transition phase of the Arctic sea ice surface, examining the snow layer composition and melt pond depth.
Open-Ocean Tides Simulated by ICON-O
Authors: von Storch Jin-Song , Hertwig Eileen , Lüschow Veit , Brüggemann Nils , Haak Helmuth , Korn Peter , Singh Vikram
Published: May 2023

Abstract. This paper evaluates barotropic tides simulated by a newly developed ocean general circulation – ICON-O and assesses processes and model configurations that can impact the quality of the simulated tides. Such an investigation is crucial for applications addressing internal tides that are much more difficult to evaluate than the barotropic tides. Although not specially tuned for tides and not constrained by any observations, ICON-O is capable of producing the main features of the open-ocean barotropic tides as described by the geographical distributions of amplitude, phase, and amphidromic points. An error analysis shows however that the open-ocean tides simulated by ICON-O are less accurate than those simulated by two other OGCMs. Using a suite of tidal experiments we show that an increase in horizontal resolution improves only tides in shallow waters. Relevant for using ICON-O with its telescoping grid capacity, we show that spatial inhomogeneity does not deteriorate the quality of the simulated tides. We show further that implementing a parameterization of tidal bottom drag improves the quality of simulated tides, independent of model configuration used.
Impact Analysis of processing strategies on Long-term GPS ZTD
Authors: Bai Jingna , Lou Yidong , Zhang Weixing , Zhou Yaozong , Zhang Zhenyi , Shi Chuang , Liu Jingnan
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Homogenized atmospheric water vapor is an important prerequisite for climate analysis. Compared with other techniques, GPS has inherent homogeneity advantage, but it still requires reprocessing and homogenization to eliminate impacts of applied strategy and observation environmental changes where a selection of proper processing strategies is critical. This paper comprehensively investigates an influence of the mapping function, the elevation cut-off angle and homogenization on long-term reprocessing results, in particular for Zenith Tropospheric Delays (ZTD) products, by using GPS observations at 46 IGS stations during 1995 to 2014. In the analysis, for the first time, we included the latest mapping function (VMF3) and exploited homogenized radiosonde data as a reference for ZTD trend evaluations. Our analysis shows that both site position and ZTD solutions achieved the best accuracy when using VMF3 and 3° elevation cut-off angle. Regarding the long-term ZTD trends, results show that the impact of mapping functions is very small, with a maximum difference of 0.3 mm/yr. On the other hand, the discrepancy can reach 2.5 mm/yr by using different elevation cut-off angles. Contrary to recommendations by previous studies, the low elevation cut-off angles (3° or 7°) are suggested for the best estimates of ZTD reprocessing time series when compared to homogenized radiosonde data or ERA5 reference time series. This conclusion has great significance by eliminating the conflict of different optimal elevation cut-off angles for climate analysis and other applications from GNSS data reprocessing.
Emulating aerosol optics with randomly generated neural networks
Authors: Geiss Andrew , Ma Po-Lun , Singh Balwinder , Hardin Joseph C.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols have a substantial impact on climate and remain one of the largest sources of uncertainty in climate prediction. Accurate representation of their direct radiative effects is a crucial component of modern climate models. However, direct computation of the radiative properties of aerosol populations is far too computationally expensive to perform in a climate model, so optical properties are typically approximated using a parameterization. This work develops artificial neural networks (ANNs) capable of replacing the current aerosol optics parameterization used in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). A large training dataset is generated by using Mie code to directly compute the optical properties of a range of atmospheric aerosol populations given a large variety of particle sizes, wavelengths, and refractive indices. Optimal neural architectures for shortwave and longwave bands are identified by evaluating ANNs with randomly generated wirings. Randomly generated deep ANNs are able to outperform conventional multilayer-perceptron-style architectures with comparable parameter counts. Finally, the ANN-based parameterization produces significantly more accurate bulk aerosol optical properties than the current parameterization when compared with direct Mie calculations using mean absolute error. The success of this approach makes possible the future inclusion of much more sophisticated representations of aerosol optics in climate models that cannot be captured by extension of the existing parameterization scheme and also demonstrates the potential of random-wiring-based neural architecture search in future applications in the Earth sciences.
Daily INSOLation (DINSOL-v1.0): an intuitive tool for classrooms and specifying solar radiation boundary conditions
Authors: Oliveira Emerson D.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Climate modelling requires spending an extensive amount of time programming, which means reading, learning, testing, and evaluating source code. Fortunately, many climate models have been developed within the past decades, making it easier for climate studies to be conducted on a global scale. However, some climate models have millions of code lines, making the introduction of new parameterizations a laborious task that demands teamwork. While it is true that the high-complexity models perform realistic climate simulations, some researchers perform their studies using simplified climate models in the preliminary test phases. This realization motivated the development of Daily INSOLation (DINSOL-v1.0), a robust computer program to support the simplified climate models, performing solar radiation calculations while considering Milankovitch cycles and offering various simulation options for its users. DINSOL was intended to function as a program that supplies data (e.g. daily insolation, instantaneous solar radiation, orbital parameters of the Earth, and calendar dates), such as the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). While preparing the boundary conditions of solar radiation for climate models, it was realized that the DINSOL model could also be a helpful tool for use in classrooms. Thus, it was decided that an intuitive graphical user interface would be required to cater to this educational purpose. The model was written in the Fortran 90 language, while its graphical user interface would be built using PyGTK, a Python application programming interface (API) based on GIMP ToolKit (GTK). Furthermore, the R language would also be used to generate a panel containing contour fields and sketches of the orbital parameters to support the graphical execution. The model evaluation made use of data from PMIP and other tools, and the data analysis was performed through statistical methods. Once all tests were concluded, an insignificant difference between the DINSOL-obtained results and the results obtained from other models validated the viability of DINSOL as a dependable tool.
LISFLOOD-FP 8.1: new GPU-accelerated solvers for faster fluvial/pluvial flood simulations
Authors: Sharifian Mohammad Kazem , Kesserwani Georges , Chowdhury Alovya Ahmed , Neal Jeffrey , Bates Paul
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The local inertial two-dimensional (2D) flow model on
LISFLOOD-FP, the so-called ACCeleration (ACC) uniform grid solver, has been widely used to
support fast, computationally efficient fluvial/pluvial flood simulations.
This paper describes new releases, on LISFLOOD-FP 8.1, for parallelised
flood simulations on the graphical processing units (GPUs) to boost
efficiency of the existing parallelised ACC solver on the central processing
units (CPUs) and enhance it further by enabling a new non-uniform grid
version. The non-uniform solver generates its grid using the multiresolution
analysis (MRA) of the multiwavelets (MWs) to a Galerkin polynomial
projection of the digital elevation model (DEM). This sensibly coarsens the
resolutions where the local topographic details are below an error threshold
ε and allows classes of land use to be properly adapted. Both the
grid generator and the adapted ACC solver on the non-uniform grid are
implemented in a GPU new codebase, using the indexing of Z-order curves
alongside a parallel tree traversal approach. The efficiency performance of
the GPU parallelised uniform and non-uniform grid solvers is assessed for
five case studies, where the accuracy of the latter is explored for
ε=10-4 and 10−3 in terms of how close it can
reproduce the prediction of the former. On the GPU, the uniform ACC solver
is found to be 2–28 times faster than the CPU predecessor with increased
number of elements on the grid, and the non-uniform solver can further
increase the speed up to 320 times with increased reduction in the grid's
elements and decreased variability in the resolution. LISFLOOD-FP 8.1,
therefore, allows faster flood inundation modelling to be performed at both
urban and catchment scales. It is openly available under the GPL v3 license,
with additional documentation at https://www.seamlesswave.com/LISFLOOD8.0
(last access: 12 March 2023).
Observation-based sowing dates and cultivars significantly affect yield and irrigation for some crops in the Community Land Model (CLM5)
Authors: Rabin Sam S. , Sacks William J. , Lombardozzi Danica L. , Xia Lili , Robock Alan
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Farmers around the world time the planting of their crops to optimize growing season conditions and choose varieties that grow slowly enough to take advantage of the entire growing season while minimizing the risk of late-season kill. As climate changes, these strategies will be an important component of agricultural adaptation. Thus, it is critical that the global models used to project crop productivity under future conditions are able to realistically simulate growing season timing. This is especially important for climate- and hydrosphere-coupled crop models, where the intra-annual timing of crop growth and management affects regional weather and water availability. We have improved the crop module of the Community Land Model (CLM) to allow the use of externally-specified crop planting dates and maturity requirements. In this way, CLM can use alternative algorithms for future crop calendars that are potentially more accurate and/or flexible than the built-in methods. Using observation-derived planting and maturity inputs reduces bias in the mean simulated global yield of sugarcane and cotton but increases bias for corn, wheat, and especially rice. These inputs also reduce simulated global irrigation demand by 15 %, much of which is associated with particular regions of corn and rice cultivation. Finally, we discuss how our results suggest areas for improvement in CLM and, potentially, similar crop models.
Reduced transpiration without changes in root water uptake patterns in degraded trees in semi-arid afforestation ecosystems
Authors: Dai Junjie , Zhao Ying , Seki Katsutoshi , Wang Li
Published: May 2023

Abstract. While reforestation in water-limited areas has increased vegetation coverage, an increasing number of studies have reported that large-scale plantations are suffering from tree degradation, which is characterized by short trees, small size, and dieback. Moreover, the changes in hydrological processes of degraded trees within the soil-plant system remain poorly understood. Here, the stable isotope method (2H, 18O, and 13C) and thermal dissipation technique were used to compare the soil water dynamics, tree transpiration, root water uptake patterns, and intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) of Populus simonii under different degradation degrees (no degradation, ND; light degradation, LD; or severe degradation, SD) in the 2021 growing season. As tree degradation intensified, the root weight density decreased significantly (P<0.05) and the root proportion of the shallow layer (0–40 cm) increased. Influenced by precipitation recharge, the soil volumetric water content (SWC) of the shallow layer did not show significant differences (P>0.05) among the different degradation degrees. The SWC of the middle (40–80 cm) and deep (80–200 cm) layers were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the ND plot than the LD and SD plots. Despite the differences in SWC, the isotopic characteristics of the soil water and xylem water were similar among the ND, LD, and SD plots. Although tree transpiration in the LD and SD plots was significantly reduced (P<0.05) compared to that in the ND plot, the main depths and proportions of water uptake by the root system did not change. P. simonii trees in the ND, LD, and SD plots were able to shift the water source from shallow to deep layers in the process of soil wetting to drying. Moreover, compared to healthy trees, WUEi of degraded trees was more sensitive to SWC. Our study shows that although degraded trees alleviate the exhaustion of deep soil water reservoirs to some extent, the sustainable development of afforestation ecosystems requires appropriate stand management measures to maintain balanced forest-water relationships.
A deep-learning-technique-based data-driven model for accurate and rapid flood predictions in temporal and spatial dimensions
Authors: Zhou Qianqian , Teng Shuai , Situ Zuxiang , Liao Xiaoting , Feng Junman , Chen Gongfa , Zhang Jianliang , Lu Zonglei
Published: May 2023

Abstract. An accurate and rapid urban flood prediction model is essential to support decision-making for flood management. This study developed a deep-learning-technique-based data-driven model for flood predictions in both temporal and spatial dimensions, based on an integration of long short-term memory (LSTM) network, Bayesian optimization, and transfer learning techniques. A case study in northern China was applied to test the model performance, and the results clearly showed that the model can accurately predict the maximum water depths and flood time series for various hyetograph inputs, with substantial improvements in the computation time. The model predicted flood maps 19 585 times faster than the physically based hydrodynamic model and achieved a mean relative error of 9.5 %. For retrieving the spatial patterns of water depths, the degree of similarity of the flood maps was very high. In a best case scenario, the difference between the ground truth and model prediction was only 0.76 %, and the spatial distributions of inundated paths and areas were almost identical. With the adoption of transfer learning, the proposed model was well applied to a new case study and showed robust compatibility and generalization ability. Our model was further compared with two baseline prediction algorithms (artificial neural network and convolutional neural network) to validate the model superiority. The proposed model can potentially replace and/or complement the conventional hydrodynamic model for urban flood assessment and management, particularly in applications of real-time control, optimization, and emergency design and planning.
Slope Unit Maker (SUMak): an efficient and parameter-free algorithm for delineating slope units to improve landslide susceptibility modeling
Authors: Woodard Jacob B. , Mirus Benjamin B. , Wood Nathan J. , Allstadt Kate E. , Leshchinsky Benjamin A. , Crawford Matthew M.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Slope units are terrain partitions bounded by drainage and divide lines. They provide several advantages over gridded units in landslide-susceptibility modeling, such as better capturing terrain geometry, improved incorporation of geospatial landslide-occurrence data in different formats (e.g., point and polygon), and better accommodating the varying data accuracy and precision in landslide inventories. However, the use of slope units in regional (> 100 km2) landslide susceptibility studies remains limited due, in part, to prohibitive computational costs and/or poor reproducibility with current delineation methods. We introduce a computationally efficient algorithm for the parameter-free delineation of slope units. The algorithm uses geomorphic scaling laws to define the appropriate scaling of the slope units representative of hillslope processes, avoiding the costly parameter optimization procedures of other slope unit delineation methods. We then demonstrate how slope units enable more robust regional-scale landslide susceptibility maps.
Joint observation–model mixed-layer heat and salt budgets in the eastern tropical Atlantic
Authors: Ngakala Roy Dorgeless , Alory Gaël , Da-Allada Casimir Yélognissè , Kom Olivia Estelle , Jouanno Julien , Rath Willi , Baloïtcha Ezinvi
Published: May 2023

Abstract. In this study, we use a joint observation–model approach
to investigate the mixed-layer heat and salt annual mean as well as seasonal
budgets in the eastern tropical Atlantic. The regional PREFCLIM (PREFACE Climatology)
observational climatology provides the budget terms with a relatively low
spatial and temporal resolution compared to the online NEMO (Nucleus for European Modeling
of the Ocean; Madec, G., 2014) model, and this
is later resampled as in PREFCLIM climatology. In addition, advection
terms are recomputed offline from the model as PREFCLIM gridded advection
computation. In the Senegal, Angola, and Benguela regions, the seasonal cycle of
mixed-layer temperature is mainly governed by surface heat fluxes; however,
it is essentially driven by vertical heat diffusion in the equatorial region.
The seasonal cycle of mixed-layer salinity is largely controlled by
freshwater flux in the Senegal and Benguela regions; however, it follows the
variability of zonal and meridional salt advection in the equatorial and Angola
regions, respectively. Our results show that the time-averaged spatial
distribution of NEMO offline heat and salt advection terms compares much better
to PREFCLIM horizontal advection terms than the online heat and salt advection
terms. However, the seasonal cycle of horizontal advection in selected
regions shows that NEMO offline terms do not always compare well with
PREFCLIM, sometimes less than online terms. Despite this difference, these
results suggest the important role of small-scale variability in mixed-layer
heat and salt budgets.
Reasons for the use of masks in open areas after the Peruvian government announced that it will no longer be mandatory in the context of COVID-19 in 2022
Authors: Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Oré-Kovacs Nicole , Carbajal-León Carlos , Llerena-Espezúa Ximena , Yupanqui-Lorenzo Daniel E. , Torales Julio
Published: May 2023

Introduction: In Peru, a high proportion of fully immunized people against COVID-19 has been achieved, which has mitigated the severity of the disease. Thus, under the recommendation of experts, the Peruvian government issued Supreme Decree 118-2022-PCM, which indicated that the use of masks is optional in open and ventilated enclosed spaces as of October 1, 2022. Objective: The aim of the present study was to find out the reasons why people continued to wear masks even though it was not mandatory in outdoor environments. Methods: A total of 335 people participated, with an average age of 26.11 years (73.1% women). A data collection form was prepared where sociodemographic and health information was requested; in addition, the question "Why do you continue to wear mask despite it being optional in open and closed ventilated spaces?" was included. The data obtained from the last open question of the instrument was analyzed by means of a discursive textual analysis (DTA) and an exploratory analysis through IRAMUTEQ. Results: Results indicate that people continue to wear masks, despite the lifting of the restrictions, to avoid contagion of COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. In addition, the prevention of possible infection and transmission of the virus also focused on the family and vulnerable people. Discussion: It is concluded that the practice of wearing masks may be influenced by individual perceptions of risk and interpretations of responsibility and solidarity towards others.
Pelaksanaan Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Online di Kelurahan Tobekgodang Kecamatan Binawidya Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Widyaningsih Rita Lestari , RFS Harapan Tua
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pelayanan publik berbasis online di Kelurahan Tobekgodang Kecamatan Binawidya Kota Pekanbaru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah jenis kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Kantor Lurah Tobekgodang. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini disajikan dalam bentuk narasi dan kutipan langsung dari hasil wawancar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan  pelayanan publik berbasis online di Kantor Lurah Tobekgodang belum sepenuhnya terlaksanakan dengan baik hal ini dikarenaka kemampuan pegawai yang sesuai dengan keahlianya masih kurang dan masih terjadi beberapa faktor penghambat lainya dalam pelaksanaan pelayanan publik berbasis online tersebut, antar lain masyarakat yang kurang responsif dengan adanya website yang mana telah disediakan oleh Kantor Lurah Tobekgodang, dan tidak adanya faktor pendukung dari pemerintah selama pembuatan website di Kelurahan Tobekgodang. Dengan beberapa indikator tersebut maka pelaksanaan inovasi pelayanan publik di Kantor Lurah Tobekgodang dikatagorikan belum sepenuhnya efektif. Kata kunci : Pelayanan Publik, Pelaksanaan, Online
Workshop Laporan Keuangan Sederhana Sesuai SAK E-MKM Terhadap Umkm Griya Batik Nirmala
Authors: Putra Robiur Rahmat , Islami Paras , Khalisa Syaka Nur
Published: May 2023

Tujuan pelaksanaan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan para pengelola UMKM di RW.04 Kelurahan Sunter Jaya, khususnya di UMKM Griya Batik Nirmala dalam menyusun laporan keuangan sederhana sesuai dengan SAK EMKM. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan empat tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan program adalah metode ceramah dan praktek. Narasumber yang menjadi instruktur dalam pelatihan ini adalah Dosen Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta sebagai wujud pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Evaluasi keberhasilah program ini dengan menyebarkan Pre-Test dan Post Test untuk mengukur tingkat pemahaman peserta workshop. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu adanya peningkatan pemahaman peserta dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan sederhana pada UMKM sesuai SAK EMKM secara mandiri.
Российско-японское энергетическое сотрудничество периода администраций Дз. Коидзуми и С. Абэ
Authors: Абанин Григорий Дмитриевич
Published: May 2023

В XXI в. сотрудничество в энергетической сфере между Россией и Японией пережило несколько важных этапов развития, наиболее примечательные из которых соотносятся с правлением кабинетов Дз. Коидзуми (2001–2005) и С. Абэ (2012–2020). Несмотря на значительный прогресс в отношениях относительно последнего десятилетия XX в., можно констатировать, что из-за ряда нерешенных проблем двухсторонних отношений весь потенциал сотрудничества между Москвой и Токио в энергетической сфере так и не был реализован. В работе выявляются особенности в российско-японском энергетическом сотрудничестве при кабинетах Дз Коидзуми и С. Абэ и их обусловленности. Делается вывод об определяющей роли для развития связей в энергосфере таких факторов, как курильский территориальный спор, уровень американо-российских отношений, противостояние Японии Китаю и динамика цен на международном рынке энергоносителей.
Благодарности: работа выполнена под научным руководством доцента департамента истории и археологии ШИГН ДВФУ, кандидата исторических наук Шевчук Ольги Михайловны.
A review of insecticidal effect of essential oils on stored grain pests
Authors: Leite Bruna Martinelli , Cunha Felipe Alexsander , Bertozzi Bruno Gerfi , Rocha Liliana de Oliveira , Queiroz Lorena Carnielli
Published: May 2023

Grain production grows more every year, and stored grain pests have been a challenge for agriculture. The use of pesticides is the main solution to face this challenge; however, improper and extensive management leads to another difficulty: the resistance acquired by some pests, causing their ineffectiveness. Thus, essential oils and other natural products emerge as an alternative to overcome this situation. In this study, several essential oils with insecticidal/repellent properties were reviewed to evaluate the capacity to become an important method for protecting stored grains against the most recurrent pests. This is a literature review that analyzed articles in scientific database platforms, using different combinations of the keywords “Essential oils”, “Insecticides”, “Stored grains”, “Repellents” and “Insects”. Among the essential oils studied, the most outstanding were the essential oils of: Artemisia argyi and Mentha haplocalyx against Lasioderma serricorne; Artemisia rupestris and Ligusticum pteridophyllum against Liposcelis bostrychophila; and Artemisia anethoides, Elshotzia ciliata, and Amomum maximum against Tribolium castaneum. Along with some essential oils, their main components and insecticidal/repellent capacity when isolated were also evaluated. The results were promising, although mechanisms of action have not yet been elucidated. Investing in research for alternative pest control can contribute to sustainable agriculture.
Development of “bisnaguinha” bread fibre source
Authors: Coutinho Juliane dos Santos , Silva Iris Laura Lima da , Goes Elenice Souza dos Reis , Tobal Thaise Mariá
Published: May 2023

Fibre-source “bisnaguinha” breads were developed using the addition of sweet passion fruit peel flour. The developed formulations were evaluated for physical properties, chemical composition and sensory acceptability. The flour obtained was characterised in terms of dietary fibre content and used as a partial substitute for wheat flour, in the proportions of 11.5%, 17.3% and 23%. The flour of sweet passion fruit peel presented high content of dietary fibre and its addition in the formulations of breads resulted in an increase in the content of ash, lipids and fibres, and all “bisnaguinha” breads with added fruit peel flour were considered a source of fibres. The addition of peel flour did not affect the hardness, chewability and shear force of the bread. Regarding sensory acceptability, all samples had good acceptance, and the proportion of 11.5% was closer to the standard bread, which obtained the highest scores. It is concluded, therefore, that it is feasible to use this flour in the preparation of breads, adding nutritional value to the products, and with good physical and sensorial characteristics.
Practical application: Use of flour from sweet passion fruit peel in the production of fibre source breads.
EXPLORING THE TECHNICAL COMPETENCY OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL TEACHERS IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA: IMPLICATION FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TVET PROGRAMS
Authors: Onaga Paul
Published: May 2023

There is growing concern about the sustainability of technical vocational education and training (TVET) in Nigeria. Indeed, several disparate studies have underscored the various constraints of the programs. Little is known about the technical competency of vocational education teachers. The present study examined the technical competency of instructors in the TVET ecosystem with a focus on the link between technical competency and sustainability of TVET in Nigeria. Two hundred fifty-five vocational education teachers pooled from various TVET institutes in the three states participated in the study. They completed a questionnaire measuring technical competency in six dimensions. The result revealed a high technical competence outcome for material and application (75.5%), work planning (71%), practical pedagogy     (66.7%), and theoretical instructional strategy (59.4%). Also, the findings indicated a low technical competency for maintenance (15.6%) and students' workshop management (18.1%). The result has implications for the sustainability and development of TVET in Nigeria
Persepsi Pelajar Pengajian Bahasa Arab Terhadap Pembelajaran dan Pengajaran Balaghah Menggunakan Pendekatan Teknologi
Authors: Abdullah Nasimah , Samsudin Saifulah , Abd. Rahman Lubna , Zainal Arifin Ahmad Nazeer , Hambali Muhamad Adham
Published: May 2023

Kajian-kajian terdahulu menemui bahawa tahap penguasaan pelajar terhadap subjek balaghah adalah sangat lemah. Hal ini berpunca daripada permasalahan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran, penumpuan kepada hafalan kaedah dan contoh-contoh unsur balaghah tanpa memberi penekanan kepada unsur aplikasi. Kebanyakan kajian terdahulu merumuskan bahawa pengajaran dan pembelajaran subjek balaghah perlu diberikan anjakan paradigma bukan sahaja dari sudut sukatan pelajaran, kaedah dan teknik, malah juga perlu diterapkan penggunaan teknologi demi menarik minat pelajar mempelajari dan mendalami subjek balaghah. Justeru itu, satu kajian kuantitatif dan deskriptif telah dilakukan bertujuan mengenalpasti persepsi pelajar terhadap pembelajaran dan pengajaran balaghah menggunakan pendekatan teknologi. Kajian ini dilakukan terhadap pelajar dalam bidang pengajian Bahasa Arab di beberapa institusi pengajian tinggi (IPT). Sampel kajian ini melibatkan 129 orang responden daripada IPT yang berbeza dan menggunakan instrumen soal selidik melalui google form dalam mendapatkan maklum balas. Hasil maklumbalas daripada pelajar mendapati bahawa penggunaan teknologi dalam pembelajaran dan pengajaran subjek balaghah adalah berada pada tahap sederhana, sedangkan kecenderungan pelajar untuk mempelajari dan memahami subjek balaghah melalui penggunaan teknologi adalah tinggi. Oleh itu, penyelidik berpandangan satu kajian berkaitan analisis keperluan pelajar terhadap penggunaan teknologi dalam memahami subjek balaghah perlu diusahakan ke arah penginovasian dalam pembelajaran dan pengajaran subjek balaghah selain berupaya mewujudkan pengalaman baharu dalam pembelajaran dan pengajaran balaghah di IPT.
Analyzation of the Application Scenarios of Ackerman Geometry based on Vehicle Steering Model
Authors: Sui Donghao , Zhang Yulai
Published: May 2023

A complete set of models about vehicle steering are established to testify the feasibility of Ackerman geometry applied in various scenarios. The relationship between different parameters from cars and how they affect the steering ability is studied by Python. Linear model and nonlinear model are built to adapt to small and big slip angle. The mechanism section is tested with data from two types of cars: BMW M3 and Chevrolet Cavalier. We find that M3 has a better steering capability since it can generate more lateral force with less sideslip. The relationship between slip angle and lateral force illuminates our research about Ackerman geometry. The result indicates that regular Ackerman principle is beneficial in the big wheel steering angle with low-speed conditions, because it can reduce the slip angle and tire-road interaction, making cornering smoother and reducing tire wear. However, in small wheel steering angle with high-speed conditions, the Ackerman principle has some limitations and should be amended, which adds to the slip angle and thus increase the lateral force to get better steering. That is basically the reason why Reverse Ackerman is widely applied in Formula 1.
Marine Power Generation Methods and Future Developments
Authors: Qiu Shou , Yu Guo , Zhang Wenhao
Published: May 2023

With the continuous advancement of science and technology, ocean energy continues to develop because of its renewable, clean and stable advantages. This paper mainly studies the issue of ocean energy power generation, focusing on tidal energy power generation, wave energy power generation and ocean current power generation. The practical application of tidal energy power generation, and the negative and positive impacts of clean energy such as tidal energy on the marine environment after application, various methods and advantages and disadvantages of ocean current/ocean current power generation are described, and the explanation of many instruments in these power generation methods. For instance, the equipment used in tidal energy, wave energy and ocean current power generation are oscillating water column wave energy converter, mechanical wave energy generation, the diffuser-augmented floating hydro turbine, Darrieus deep-sea vertical axis turbine and so on. At last, from the actual cases of China's use of clean energy such as tidal energy and wave energy to generate electricity, we analyzed the future development trend of ocean energy and concluded that ocean energy will be vigorously developed in the future to replace some fossil energy.
Current Status and Prospect of Aquatic-aerial Unmanned Vehicles
Authors: Zheng Tiancheng
Published: May 2023

As people have higher and higher requirements for water-air detection and communication, the research of aquatic-aerial unmanned vehicles with high flexibility and maneuverability has become more and more in-depth. In this paper, the aquatic-aerial unmanned vehicles is classified according to their driving modes and constructions, and the aquatic-aerial unmanned vehicles is divided into multi-rotor vehicles, fixed-wing vehicles and bionic principle driven vehicles. This paper will give the readers a detailed and comprehensive introduction to the aquatic-aerial unmanned vehicles. In this paper, the aquatic-aerial unmanned vehicles is classified according to their driving modes and constructions, and the aquatic-aerial unmanned vehicles is divided into multi-rotor vehicles, fixed-wing vehicles and bionic principle driven vehicles, and the driving principle and operation mode of each type of aquatic-aerial unmanned vehicles are introduced. At the same time, the application of aquatic-aerial unmanned vehicles in different scenarios is analyzed, so that readers can have some reference when they need to buy or develop aquatic-aerial unmanned vehicles.
Optimal Design of Fiber Amplifier based on Thulium, YttErbium and Bismuth.
Authors: Wang Peiyuan
Published: May 2023

Although Erbium-doped fiber amplifier is still the mainstream of optical fiber communication nowadays, it has some limitations. The operation of EDFA is limited to 1530-1610nm, so it is an important research direction to explore different elements. This paper introduces three kinds of fiber amplifiers doped with different rare earth elements: Thulium-doped, YttErbium-doped, and Bismuth-doped fiber amplifiers. The optimal optimization performance is obtained through comparison logic by adjusting various parameters. The maximum gains of three rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers in different wavelength ranges are obtained: The maximum gain of a Thulium-doped fiber amplifier is 51dB in the wavelength range of 1900nm to 2050nm. The maximum gain of a YttErbium-doped fiber amplifier is 62. 5dB in the wavelength range of 1020nm to 1080nm. The maximum gain of a Bismuth-doped fiber amplifier is 23dB in the wavelength range of 1640nm to 1770nm. These works pave the way for future research.
Review of Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Wang Renhang
Published: May 2023

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one type of electrochemical device that can gain electrical energy by straightly converting the chemical energy from the fuel. After atomic, thermal, and hydropower, it is known as the fourth power generation technique. The energy conversion is through an electrochemical reaction; thus, the Carnot cycle effect is not able to limit the transfer efficiencies of fuel cell, which means the efficiency will be high. As the most energy-efficient devices, Using fuel cell technology, power may be produced at up to 60% efficiency (even comparing with cogeneration). Hydrogen can be the energy source of the SOFC, which can react with the oxygen from atmosphere and produce water. This process is without greenhouse gas emissions. In the study of the fuel cell, the material study is one of the essential parts. This review briefly presents the research progress of electrolytes and electrode material of SOFC as well as their significance to SOFC technology.
RECONSTRUCTING THE LATE MIOCENE PALEOENVIRONMENT OF NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA: NEW SEDIMENTOLOGICAL AND FAUNISTIC EVIDENCE FROM THE PALO PINTADO FORMATION
Authors: ROBLEDO JUAN M. , BARASOAIN DANIEL , QUIÑONES SOFÍA I. , LANDA RAMIREZ ENZO M. , ZURITA ALFREDO E. , GALLI CLAUDIA I.
Published: May 2023

The sedimentological characteristics and fossil vertebrates studies are notoriously increasing in the earth sciences field, as a way to infer reliable information about the biota and the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic context. In this framework, we establish relationships among the flora, fauna and the depositional environment during the Late Miocene in Northwestern Argentina. The sedimentology features are described in detail from sediments collected in the Quebrada Salta section, and the Xenarthra Cingulata Kraglievichia paranensis (Pampatheriidae) and Cranithlastus xibiensis (Glyptodontidae) are recorded for the first time in the Palo Pintado Formation (Salta Province, Argentina). The sedimentary observations support the presence of a sinuous sandy-gravel fluvial system with swamps and lacustrine, under a wet tropical climate. In this environment, the vertebrates here described would have inhabited open zones close to these freshwater bodies, predominated by xeric vegetation, mainly represented by grasses and sedges with scarce arboreous elements.
Perspective and advances on ionic thermoelectric energy conversion
Authors: Han Cheng-Gong
Published: May 2023

Ionic thermoelectric energy conversion uses ions as carriers to convert heat into electricity. The high temperature-induced voltage of several millivolts per degree Kelvin has attracted more attention to the application of self-powered sensors in IoTs. In this perspective, the thermogalvanic and thermodiffusion effects are illustrated, together with the research advances on ionic thermoelectric gels. However, the status in recent 3 years is high temperature-induced voltage but low output power. The authors propose that the synergy of two effects and electrode design are believed to be effective ways to improve ionic thermoelectric properties.
Enhanced energy storage performance in Gd/Mn co-doped AgNbO3 lead-free antiferroelectric ceramics via tape casting
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhao Lei
Published: May 2023

Antiferroelectric materials are promising for applications in advanced high-power electric and electronic devices. Among them, AgNbO3-based ceramics have gained considerable attention due to their excellent energy storage performance. Herein, multiscale synergistic modulation is proposed to improve the energy storage performance of AgNbO3-based materials, whereby the tape casting process is employed to improve the breakdown strength and Gd/Mn doping is utilized to enhance the antiferroelectric stability. As a result, a high recoverable energy storage density up to 5.3 J cm-3 and energy efficiency of 67.6% are obtained in Gd/Mn co-doped AgNbO3 ceramic, which shows good temperature stability and frequency stability. These results show that the components and processes proposed in this work provide a feasible method for improving the energy storage performance of AgNbO3-based ceramics.
Prediksi Pembelian Barang Pada Distributor Lampu Menggunakan Metode Apriori pada PT. XYZ
Authors: Damanik Rudolfo Rizki , Poernomo Moyo Hady
Published: May 2023

Apriori is an algorithm that is widely used to determine the pattern of relationships between products that are often bought together in a store. This Apriori algorithm will be suitable to be applied in the field of determining strategy or promotion. PT. XYZ is one of the Lighting Distributor Companies. One of the problems of the company is the imbalance of stock in the warehouse. So, the purpose of this research is to obtain product purchase predictions from suppliers to maintain stock balance with product solds to customers. The object of this research is the application of apriori algorithm. This research data is in the form of sales transaction data at PT. XYZ. Data analysis using RapidMiner Software by determining the valure of support and confidence. The analysis shows that there are 22 Association Rules with a minimum support 20% and a minimum confidence 50%. This information is excpected to help the company in developing a product purchasing strategy from the supplier.
Correlation between mineral profile, physical-chemical characteristics, and proximate composition of meat from Santa Ines ewes under water restriction
Authors: Araújo Cleyton de Almeida , Magalhães André Luiz Rodrigues , Araújo Gherman Garcia Leal de , Campos Fleming Sena , Gois Glayciane Costa , Santos Kelly Cristina dos , Matos Maria Helena Tavares de , Nascimento Daniel Bezerra do , Santos Neilson Silva
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the correlations between mineral profile, physical and chemical characteristics, and proximate composition of ewe meat receiving different water supply levels (100% - ad libitum group; 80%; 60% and 40% ad libitum group). Thirty-two Santa Ines ewes were assigned to a randomized block design, with 4 treatments, and 8 replications, during the 63-day experimental period. Significant correlations between all minerals (P<0.05) were found in the 60% and 40% water supply levels. A correlation (P<0.05) was observed for minerals P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, and Fe with crude protein at 100% water supply. Negative correlations (P<0.05) between N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, and Zn were detected in the meat of animals supplied with 60% water. Principal component analysis (PCA) of macrominerals explained 82.9% data variance. Zinc had a strong contribution to PC1. Cooking losses had a similar contribution to PC1 and PC2. PC1 and PC2 explained 66.7% data variance in chemical characteristics. The decrease in water supply causes the correlation of nitrogen with the other minerals in meat, in addition to altering the correlation between the physical and chemical profile of the meat.
In situ ruminal degradability of forage cactus-based diets associated with pornunça silage
Authors: Gomes Maria Letícia Rodrigues , Silva Filho José Renaldo Vilar da , Alves Fabiana Castro , Silva Maria Naiara Pereira da , Souza Clesio Morgado de , Souza Luara Coelho de , Voltolini Tadeu Vinhas
Published: May 2023

The knowledge of ruminal degradation kinetics of forage cactus-based diets associated with Euphorbiaceae species of the genus Manihot assist in understanding nutrient quality and use, contributing to the indication of combinations of these ingredients in ruminant diets. This study aimed to evaluate the in situ ruminal degradability of diets with increasing association of forage cactus Elephant Ear (MEE) and pornunça (Manihot sp.) silage, as well as to analyze and evaluate the indigestible neutral detergent fiber (FDNi) content of forage cactus MEE and pornunça silage. The treatments consisted of diets with cactus pear associated with pornunça silage in the roughage portion in the proportions of 375, 250, 125 and 0 g kg-1 of DM. The feed was composed of 50% roughage and 50% concentrate of dry matter. Incubation times of 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 144 hours were evaluated for the ingredients and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours for the diets. Incubation to obtain the iNDF was given for 288 hours. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with three replications. Regarding roughage ingredients, MEE showed higher average disappearance, potential degradability (PD), and effective degradability (ED) in relation to pornunça silage, as well as lower NDFi content. The proportion of 375 g kg-1 MEE and 125 g kg-1 pornunça silage provided higher fractions a, b, and c, increasing ED considering the three passage rates, with higher PD. In conclusion, the association between MEE and pornunça silage at a proportion of 375 g kg-1 MEE and125g kg-1 pornunça silage of the roughage portion increases the in situ degradability of dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber.
The Prevalence of Coccydynia among Postpartum Females in Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot
Authors: Shah Saman , Muzammil Sana , Khalid Ghannia , Javed Rameesha , Ahmed Danyal , Altaf Faiza , Khalid Amna
Published: May 2023

The coccydynia refers to the pain in the coccyx. Its incidence is increasing due to sedentary lifestyles. The problem is commonly seen in postpartum females caused due to prolong sitting, poor breast feeding position or due to internal and external trauma during labor. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of coccydynia and its association with postpartum females in Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot. This is an observational study and convenient sampling technique is used in it. Methods: This study includes 90 postpartum females of age between 20 to 44. Data were collected by using a questionnaire containing 16 questions. Results: Out of 90 postpartum females, the total number of patients having tailbone pain were 86.7% whereas, 8.2% participants had no pain after delivery. Conclusion: The study concludes that the prevalence rate of coccyx pain is very high in postpartum females, due to several reasons. The study mainly focus on providing guidance to the females about the correct positioning, exercises and postural guidance in order to maintain the active lifestyle.
Content Moderators’ Strategies for Coping with the Stress of Moderating Content Online
Authors: Spence Ruth , Harrison Amy , Bradbury Paula , Bleakley Paul , Martellozzo Elena , DeMarco Jeffrey
Published: May 2023

Commercial content moderators are exposed to a range of stressors at work, including analysing content that has been flagged as harmful. However, not much is known about their specific coping strategies. Depth interviews were conducted with 11 content moderators exposed to child sexual abuse material (CSAM) as part of their job, and thematically analysed to investigate both individual coping strategies and those deployed organisationally. Results highlighted the importance of social support and validation of the role, as well as creating boundaries between work and home life. Moderators expressed a preference for mandatory, individual therapy with professionals who had specific experience supporting those exposed to CSAM. How content moderators cope and can be further supported are discussed.