bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Robust Algorithm for Fault-Plane Parameters Identification: the 2009 L’Aquila (Central Italy) Seismic Sequence Case
Authors: Mangiacapra Annarita , Petrillo Zaccaria , Scippacercola Sergio , Valoroso Luisa , Nappi Rosa , Alessio Giuliana , Tripaldi Simona
Published: January 2025

The study of the hypocenters distribution of seismic events related to fault structures is a crucial topic since it is linked to the geological features and to the dynamics of the investigated area. The hypocenter spatial distribution of earthquakes is used in a novel algorithmic method to clusterize earthquakes to accurately identify the strike and the dip parameters of the seismogenic faults. Our algorithm works as a three-dimensional scanner which explores the hypocenter’s spatial distribution. The result is a volume that contains the maximum number of earthquakes occurring within a minimum distance from a flat area corresponding to the searched fault. The algorithm randomly selects several seismic events (pivots), explores the neighbourhood of each pivot event and searches in all angular directions how many hypocenters can be included in a prefixed volume. At the end of the procedure, we obtain, as solution, a density hypocenters occurrence angular diagram and a likelihood function. The likelihood function is useful to individuate the best value of the fault thickness and to test the hypothesis of fault flatness. Our algorithm has been tested on simulated data and then successfully applied on the real case of the 2009 Mw6.1 L’Aquila (Central Italy) seismic sequence.
Association Between TikTok Use and Anxiety, Depression, and Sleepiness Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greece
Authors: Bilali Angeliki , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Koutelekos Ioannis , Dafogianni Chrysoula , Gallos Parisis , Moisoglou Ioannis , Galanis Petros
Published: January 2025

TikTok use is increasing especially among children and adolescents. However, the negative effects of TikTok use have not been sufficiently investigated. Thus, the aim of our study was to examine the association between TikTok use and anxiety, depression, and sleepiness in adolescents. We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study in Greece. We employed a convenience sample of adolescents in Greece. We used the TikTok Addiction Scale (TTAS) to measure TikTok use, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) to measure anxiety and depression. We constructed multivariable regression models, and we performed stratified analysis according to gender. Mean daily TikTok usage and TTAS score was statistically higher for girls than boys. Our multivariable analysis showed that the problematic TikTok use was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms in both genders. Additionally, we found that the impact of TikTok on anxiety and depression was higher among boys than girls. We found that problematic TikTok use was associated with increased sleepiness in both genders. Our findings showed the positive association between TikTok use and anxiety, depression, and sleepiness. Considering our study limitations and the limited number of studies on this field, future studies are necessary to produce more valid results.
I Know How You Are Going to React: Using Machine Learning to Forecast Emotional Reactions Based on Group Interactions
Authors: Maar Kristof , Prager Jakob , Spielhofer Thomas
Published: January 2025

This research evaluates a novel machine learning approach to forecast individual emotions before they occur. Previous research has focused on classification of individual emotions based on non-verbal expressions. The approach presented here is based on the assumption that every group develops an inherent lawfulness in their interaction, as communication theory suggests. It seeks to discern those communication patterns inherent to these interactions that precede emotional expressions. This comprises patterns that lead to joy as well as those leading to sadness. Experiments with the IEMOCAP dataset show a test accuracy of 73 to 95 percent in these forecasts depending how many different emotions were to be forecasted. The accuracy slowly drops in a near-linear fashion, the further the emotional events to be forecasted lie in the future. These initial findings give rise to the believe that this could be a path towards forecasting emotionally charged events in group meetings, such as conflicts, before they occur. Further research on different datasets needs to be done to confirm this hypothesis.
Cognitive Decline in Glioblastoma Patients with Different Treatment Modalities and Insights on Untreated Cases
Authors: Ghadimi Keyvan , Abbas Imane , Karandish Alireza , Crisman Celina , Eskandar Emad , Kobets Andrew Joshua
Published: January 2025

Background: Cognitive decline is common in patients with Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) even with treatment modalities, and often presents as impairments in memory, attention, language, and other cognitive functions. In addition, cognitive deficits can affect the quality of life, functional independence, and survival and are associated with other psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. Methods: This literature review evaluates the cognitive deficits in GBM patients with and without treatment. Then we explore the relationship between tumor characteristics such as size, location, histology, and patient characteristics such as age and education level, as well as whether existing therapies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, and any change in cognitive function. Results: Cognitive impairment in patients with GBM is affected by tumor characteristics, patient-specific factors, and treatment modalities however some treatments such as a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, initially were associated with improvement of cognitive outcomes because the treatments are related to reduced tumor burden, alleviation of cerebral edema, reduced mass effect, and then indirect effects of improved mental health and mood. While certain treatments, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy pose risks of delayed neurotoxicity, the overall preservation and improvement of cognitive function were more pronounced in treated versus untreated patients. However, the studies suggest that beyond a certain level of treatment aggressiveness and the existence of neurotoxicity or damage, the benefit of therapy is above cognitive preservation. Conclusion: This review highlighted cognitive function as an independent factor that could affect survival in GBM patients, therefore routine cognitive assessments in clinical practice is a helpful strategy to predict the prognosis, treatment planning, and rehabilitation efforts. Interventions such as neuroprotective agents, cognitive rehabilitation programs, and personalized, multidisciplinary strategies are crucial in helping to balance treatment effectiveness with cognitive preservation.
Digitalization in the Supply Chain: Enhancing Operational Efficiency in Italian Dining Establishments
Authors: Mitchell Eleanor
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the impact of digitalization on supply chain management in Italian dining establishments, emphasizing how technological advancements enhance operational efficiency. The study employs a qualitative methodology, gathering data through interviews with restaurant managers and staff members to explore their experiences and perceptions regarding the implementation of digital tools in their supply chains. Key themes identified include the enhancement of supply chain transparency, benefits of automated inventory management, improvements in kitchen operations, challenges faced during digital transformation, and the future potential of digitalization. The findings indicate that digitalization significantly improves transparency within the supply chain, enabling better traceability of ingredients, fostering stronger supplier relationships, and ultimately building customer trust. Automated inventory management systems contribute to reduced food waste and increased efficiency, while digital tools streamline food preparation processes, ensuring consistent quality control. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, employee resistance to change, and integration complexities highlight the need for strategic planning and staff training during the transition to digital systems. Looking to the future, the potential for artificial intelligence and advanced analytics to enhance operational decision-making and tailor customer experiences presents exciting opportunities for Italian dining establishments. This research provides valuable insights for restaurant owners and managers seeking to navigate the complexities of digital transformation, emphasizing the importance of embracing technology to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving market.
Anti-Tumor Effects of Cecropin A and Drosocin Incorporated into Macrophage-Like Cells Against Hematopoietic Tumors in Drosophila mxc Mutants
Authors: Hirata Marina , Nomura Tadashi , Inoue Yoshihiro H.
Published: January 2025

Five major antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in Drosophila are induced in multiple sex combs (mxc) mutant larvae harboring lymph gland (LG) tumors and exhibit anti-tumor effects. The effects of the other well-known AMPs, Cecropin A and Drosocin, remain unelucidated. We investigated the tumor-elimination mechanism of these AMPs. A half-dose reduction of either Toll or Imd gene reduced the AMPs’ induction in the fat body and enhanced tumor growth in mxcmbn1 mutant larvae, indicating that their anti-tumor effects depend on the innate immune pathway. Overexpression of these AMPs in the fat body suppressed tumor growth without affecting cell proliferation. Apoptosis was significantly promoted in the mutant LGs but not in normal tissues. Conversely, their knockdown inhibited apoptosis and enhanced tumor growth. Therefore, these AMPs inhibit LG tumor growth by inducing apoptosis. The AMPs from the fat body were incorporated into hemocytes of mutant but not normal larvae. Another AMP, Drosomycin, was taken up via phagocytosis factors. Enhanced phosphatidylserine signals were observed on the tumor surface. Inhibition of the cell-surface exposed signals impeded tumor growth suppression. AMPs may target phosphatidylserine in the tumors for apoptosis induction to execute tumor-specific effects. AMPs are potentially beneficial anti-cancer drugs with minimal side effects for clinical development.
Efficacy and safety of estetrol/drospirenone combined oral contraceptive in patients with benign mammary dysplasia
Authors:   “Promservice” LLC, Sterlitamak, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation, Selikhova M.S. , Grigoryan V.A. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Objective. To study the efficacy and safety of a combined oral contraceptive containing estetrol and drospirenone (COC (E4+DRSP)) in patients with benign mammary dysplasia (BMD).
Patients and methods. The study included 98 reproductive-aged patients who used COC (E4+DRSP) in a 24/4 regimen for contraception. The study group comprised of 52 patients with a verified diagnosis of BMD, the comparison group – 46 patients without breast pathology. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of COC (E4+DRSP), general clinical and laboratory examinations, pelvic and breast ultrasound were performed during a 6-month period.
Results. During the observation period, none of the patients included in the study became pregnant. While taking COC, there was a decrease or no change in body weight, relief of dysmenorrhea symptoms, and a decrease in the frequency and intensity of mastodynia in BMD. Ultrasound findings showed a decrease in the size of breast cysts. None of the women in the comparison group showed signs of BMD.
Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrate a high efficacy of COC (E4+DRSP) and its beneficial effects on the breast condition. It can be recommended as the contraceptive of choice for BMD.
Key words: contraception, benign mammary dysplasia, estetrol, drospirenone, efficacy, mastodynia, breast cysts, safety
Screening programs and management tactics for cervical diseases associated with human papillomavirus
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dobrokhotova Yu.E. , Borovkova E.I. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Burdenko M.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

This article presents current principles of diagnosis and management of human papillomavirus and abnormal cytological findings detected by the Papanicolaou test (Pap test). Algorithms for tactics to identify various changes in the cervical epithelium, including ASCUS, mild and severe intraepithelial neoplasia are described. The article also shows the results of using inosine pranobex, a medication with immunostimulatory effects that reduces viral load and the risk of progression of cervical dysplasia.
Key words: screening, cervical cancer, human papillomavirus, colposcopy, dysplasia, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, inosine pranobex, groprinosin
Evaluation of the expression levels of long non-coding RNAs in the search for promising markers of endometrial hyperplastic processes and their possible neo-transformation
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Levakov S.A. , Gvazava E.N. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gromova T.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Petrosyan E.G. ,   M.M.Shemyakin and Yu.A.Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mazur D.V. ,   M.M.Shemyakin and Yu.A.Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Rezekina A.I. ,   M.M.Shemyakin and Yu.A.Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Antipova N.V. ,   M.M.Shemyakin and Yu.A.Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation,   National Research University «Higher School of Economics», Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Objective. To study and determine the prognostic value of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression (MALAT1 and Linc-ROR)in reproductive-aged patients with endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Patients and methods. The study included 120 reproductive-aged patients. Depending on the results of histological examination, patients were distributed into groups with hyperplasia (n = 58), endometrial adenocarcinoma (n = 14), and normal histology (n = 48). Using the molecular genetic testing, lncRNA expression levels were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
Results. The level of MALAT1 expression was found to increase with the progression of EH to adenocarcinoma. MALAT1 is superior in its diagnostic significance to Linc-ROR and allows to differentiate between EH and endometrial cancer with the highest probability. The absence of Linc-ROR expression in adenocarcinoma can also be considered as a marker of EH, which can be used in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant processes.
Conclusion. The results of this study allow us to consider the expression of MALAT1 and Linc-ROR as potential differential and diagnostic markers of endometrial cell transformation and evaluation of treatment efficacy with prediction of its outcomes.
Key words: metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer, regulator of reprogramming (Linc-ROR)
Androgen status in peri- and postmenopausal women: emphasizing key points
Authors:   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Dubrovina S.O.
Published: January 2025

Peri- and postmenopause are associated with hormonal imbalance. A decrease in estrogen levels leads to a reduction in liver synthesis of the major carrier of sex hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Since androgen levels do not decline with age as rapidly as estrogen levels, there is an increase in the ratio of androgens to estrogens and the development of relative hyperandrogenism. There is a category of women with absolute hyperandrogenism, but the prevalence of this condition during peri- and postmenopause does not exceed 10%. Hypoandrogenism in women leads to apathy, loss of libido, low mood and
muscle tone. Therefore, the main goal today is not to reduce androgen levels, already declining with age, but to increase its carrier (SHBG) by replenishing estrogen deficiency. Only the oral form of estrogen as part of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) increases the liver synthesis of SHBG and thereby normalizes the hormone ratio. This article presents data on the role of androgens during perimenopause and the choice of optimal MHT combination.
Key words: menopause, estradiol deficiency, hormonal imbalance, hormone replacement therapy, healthy endothelium, bone mineral density, obesity, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, sex hormone binding globulin, testosterone, genitourinary syndrome, sexual dysfunction
Female reproductive health and artificial intelligence
Authors:   S.D.Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Issenova S.Sh. , Boran A.M. ,   S.D.Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Smagulova A.B. ,   S.D.Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Rakhimzhanova A. ,   University of Europe for Applied Sciences, Potsdam, Germany
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that focuses on creating intelligent computer systems, i.e. systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence – language comprehension, learning ability, reasoning, etc. Over the past decade, the application and impact of AI has expanded significantly across all medical disciplines, including obstetrics, operative gynecology, ultrasound examination, and assisted reproductive medicine. Using large datasets and advanced algorithms, these technologies can help improve diagnostics, risk assessment, and treatment efficacy. Objective. To summarize and analyze the literature on machine learning methods in medicine with a focus on obstetrics and gynecology over the past 5 years.
This comprehensive review shows that AI has a promising future in overcoming diagnostic challenges, improving treatments and patient outcomes. Further research is needed to reduce algorithmic bias and enhance system adaptability to incorporate new knowledge in medicine as new technological models.
Key words: artificial intelligence, obstetrics, gynecology, reproductive medicine, ultrasound diagnostics
Mixed vaginitis in current conditions: characteristics of clinical course and therapy
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Sokolova T.M. , Makarov K.Yu. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Kuleshov V.M. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Kiseleva T.V. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Objective. To conduct a retrospective analysis of the efficacy of empirical therapy for mixed vaginitis using a novel combination medication with antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities.
Patients and methods. A retrospective cohort study of therapy outcomes in 36 patients with mixed vaginitis aged 18–45 years was conducted. Complaints were assessed, gynecological examination was performed, and material was taken for analysis (microscopy, vaginal pH test, extended molecular and biological study of qualitative and quantitative composition of the urogenital microflora by the Femoflor-16 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test).
Results. The analysis of the efficacy of empirical therapy for mixed vaginitis with the “Gynomax plus” medication (one suppository for 3 days) revealed no complaints about abnormal vaginal discharge at visit 2 in 34 (94.4%) patients. A significant decrease in the volume of vaginal discharge was reported by 30 (83.3%) women. The absence of unpleasant odor, vaginal itching and burning was reported by 34 (94.4%) women. After treatment, the vaginal pH value decreased significantly and corresponded to the range of 4.2–4.8 (mean – 4.55). The results of real-time PCR test (Femoflor-16) showed that the detection rate of clinically significant level of associations of Gardnerella vaginalis + Prevotella ivia + Porphyromonas spp. decreased after treatment by 3.6 times, the proportion of clinically significant level of facultative-anaerobic bacteria Streptococcus spp. decreased by 5.5 times, Staphylococcus spp. by 3.7 times; yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida were not isolated after treatment in any case.
Conclusion. This study demonstrates high clinical (90.7%) and microbiological (95%) efficacy of “Gynomax Plus” medication as empirical therapy for mixed vaginitis.
Key words: mixed vaginitis, empirical therapy, antibiotic resistance, bacterial vaginosis, genital candidiasis, aerobic vaginitis
Pengaruh Sifat Machiavellian, Pressure, dan Opportunity Terhadap Kecenderungan Kecurangan Akuntansi
Authors: Venika Mitha Alfiana  , Pahala Indra , Gurendrawati Etty
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the influence of Machiavellian traits, pressure and opportunities on accounting fraud tendencies (case study of civil servants in DKI Jakarta). Purposive sampling is the sampling strategy used in this study's quantitative methodologies. The respondents used were 88 Civil Servant (PNS) respondents in the finance department at the DKI Jakarta Regional Revenue Agency. Data collection used was through distributing Google Form questionnaires. Data were processed using SPSS software and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The research results study are: (1) There is a siginificant influence between Machiavellian traits on the tendency for accounting fraud, namely 0,001<0,05. (2) There is a siginificant influence between pressure on the tendency for accounting fraud, namely 0,000<0,05. (3) There is a siginificant influence between opportunity on the tendency for accounting fraud, namely 0,002<0,05.
Analysis of the Effect of Print Speed and Layer Height on the Hardness of TPU-95A Filament 3D-Printed Products
Authors: Lesmana Rizal , Mardiyana Dani , Sumarno Dodi Iwan
Published: January 2025

The effect of print speed and layer height settings can influence the mechanical properties of 3D-printed products; however, the impact of print speed and layer height on the hardness of products printed with TPU-95A filament has not been extensively studied. This research employs an experimental method by creating specimens according to ASTM D2240 standards, using various print speed settings (70, 80, and 90 mm/s) and layer heights (0.15 and 0.20 mm). The results show that a combination of lower print speeds and thinner layer heights yields higher hardness test results. A print speed of 90 mm/s and a layer height of 0.15 mm produced the highest hardness, while the combination of 90 mm/s print speed and 0.2 mm layer height resulted in the lowest hardness. This study contributes to the optimization of 3D printing parameters for flexible material applications, such as TPU-95A, in relation to product hardness outcomes.
Production Planning of Cassava Chips in Small Home Business
Authors: Rohmatin Yuyun Yuniar , Wahyuni Rossi Septy , Raharja Mei , Fauzia Siva
Published: January 2025

The production process of cassava chips begins with the preparation of cassava raw materials and then the process of separating the skin from cassava. The process of cutting cassava into a certain size uses a special machine that is operated manually. The process of frying cassava using a large pan and the process of packaging into plastic are the last step of production. Planning the production of cassava chips starts with preparing the needs of raw materials for production for 3 days in a week ordered from 3 different suppliers to prepare production needs, the quantity needed in purchasing from suppliers includes 120 kg of cassava, 9 kg of red chili, 1 kg of garlic, 3 kg of lime, 27 kg of cooking oil, 9 kg of sugar and 0.25 kg of salt. The initial supply of cassava raw materials provided is 120 kg and at the end of the week the production inventory needs are 80 kg left from the use of 40 kg at the end of the week for the next production.
Comparison of the Efficiency of Solar PV Fixed, Single-Axis, and Dual-Axis Solar Trackers: A Review
Authors: Efendi Mas , Mainil Rahmat Imam , Aziz Azridjal
Published: January 2025

The global energy shortage, especially in developing countries, drives the search for alternative energy sources such as solar power, which is one of the cleanest energy sources. This research discusses the comparison of efficiency between solar PV fixed, single-axis solar trackers, and dual-axis solar trackers. The method used is a survey of the literature of multiple studies that only analyzes the efficiency of solar PV using different tracking devices. The efficiency data is normalized based on location factors and light intensity for a fair comparison. The results show that fixed solar panels are stationary and simple, serving as a baseline with 100 % efficiency. Single-axis panels track the sun horizontally, boosting efficiency by 25.6 % but with moderate complexity due to motors and controls. Dual-axis panels track the sun both horizontally and vertically, increasing efficiency by up to 50 % but with the highest complexity due to more moving parts and dual-axis control systems.
Comparison of Adductor Canal Block Before Versus After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Terms of Pain, Stress, and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Wang Qiuru , Hu Jian , Chen Changjun , Ma Ting , Yang Jing , Kang Pengde
Published: January 2025

Background:

Whether an adductor canal block (ACB) is more effective when administered before or after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is unclear. This study compared pain, stress, and functional outcomes between patients who received the block before surgery and those who received the block after surgery.

Methods:

In this double-blinded trial, 100 patients at our hospital were randomized to receive an ACB at either 30 minutes before general anesthesia or postoperatively in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). All patients received periarticular local infiltration analgesia during surgery. The 2 groups were compared with respect to the primary outcome, the postoperative consumption of morphine as rescue analgesia, and in terms of the secondary outcomes, including the time from the end of surgery to the first rescue analgesia or discharge, intraoperative and postoperative stress, postoperative pain, functional recovery, the incidence of chronic pain, and complications.

Results:

All included patients were Asian (Chinese) in race/ethnicity. The 2 groups had similar demographic information. Compared with the postoperative ACB, the preoperative ACB was associated with significantly lower morphine consumption within the first 24 hours postoperatively and lower total morphine consumption. It was also associated with a longer time until the first rescue analgesia, lower intraoperative consumption of opioids and inhaled anesthetic, fewer episodes of hypertension during surgery, a lower rate of rescue analgesia in the PACU, lower levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone in serum on the morning of postoperative day 1, lower pain on a visual analog scale while at rest or during motion within 12 hours postoperatively, better range of knee motion on postoperative day 1, and a lower incidence of chronic pain at 3 months postoperatively. The 2 groups did not differ significantly with respect to postoperative ambulation distance, time until discharge, or complication rates.

Conclusions:

Administering an ACB before rather than after TKA may lead to lower opioid consumption during hospitalization, lower intraoperative and postoperative stress responses, better pain relief during hospitalization, and a lower incidence of chronic pain at 3 months postoperatively.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Determination of Ground Subsidence Around Snow Fences in the Arctic Region
Authors: Kim Kwansoo , Ju Hyeontae , Chi Junhwa , Jung Ji Young , Nam Sungjin , Park Sang-Jong , Dafflon Baptiste , Lee Joohan , Kim Won-Ki
Published: January 2025

In this study, we analyzed the effects of snow cover changes caused by snow fences (SFs) installed in 2017 in the Alaskan tundra to examine ground subsidence. Digital surface model data obtained through LiDAR-based remote sensing in 2019 and 2022, combined with a field survey in 2021, revealed approximately 0.2 m of ground subsidence around the SF. To investigate the relationship between SF-induced snow cover changes and ground subsidence, geophysical methods, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR), were applied in 2023 to analyze subsurface characteristics. The increased snow cover due to the SF-enhanced insulation, delaying the penetration of winter cold into the subsurface. This delay caused subsurface temperatures to decrease more slowly, melting the upper permafrost and increasing the thickness of the active layer. ERT and GPR surveys well delineated the boundary between the active layer and permafrost, confirming that the increased snow cover thickened the active layer. This thickening led to the melting of pore ice, causing water runoff and ground compaction, which resulted in subsidence. The runoff also formed channels flowing eastward over the SF. This study highlights how changes in snow cover can influence active layer properties, leading to localized environmental changes and ground subsidence.
Hemostasis in Endoscopic Spine Surgery
Authors: Feng Ting Ting , Kwon Woo-Keun , Ling Ji Min , Tan Thomas Choo Heng
Published: January 2025

Bleeding is a commonly encountered problem in spine surgery. The increasing popularity of endoscopic spine surgery poses new challenges to spine surgeons, especially those who are embarking on the learning curve. Hemostasis in endoscopic spine surgery can be difficult due to the narrow working channel and bleeding obscuring the endoscopic view, which hinders hemostasis and effective continuation of the operation. To minimize the risk of bleeding and improve hemostasis, a multimodal approach should be employed, including appropriate strategies for perioperative prevention, intraoperative surgical techniques, and postoperative correction/care. In this technical review article, we discuss several hemostatic techniques that are commonly used in endoscopic spine surgery. We also describe a new bone wax application technique in endoscopic spine surgery—called the “bone wax on pattie” technique—to avoid bone wax sticking onto the working channel/endoscope lens, while enabling easier application of bone wax onto the bleeding bone surface. We share some of our experiences with hemostasis in endoscopic spine surgery, and we hope to gather feedback from fellow spine surgeons around the world, so that we can contribute to further developments in the field together.
WITHDRAWN: Development of four-point transversus abdominis plane block technique in pigs. A pilot cadaveric study
Authors: Sreden Jerneja , Brankovič Jana , Tratar Urša Lampreht , Čemažar Maja , Đokić Mihajlo , Seliškar Alenka
Published: January 2025

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Nature-based solutions for flood risk management: is competitive funding an equitable approach?
Authors: Hill Bartholomew , Marjoribanks Tim , Moore Harriet , Bosher Lee , Gussy Mark
Published: January 2025

Market-based instruments, including competitive tenders, are central to funding global environmental restoration and management projects. Recently, tenders have been utilised to fund Nature-based Solutions schemes for Natural Flood Management, with the explicit purpose of achieving co-benefits; flood management and reducing inequality. While multiple studies consider the efficacy of Nature-based Solutions for tackling inequality, no prior research quantifies whether the resource allocation for these projects has been conducted equitably. We analyse two national natural flood management programmes funded through competitive tenders in England to explore who benefits by considering the characteristics of projects including socio-economic, geographical (e.g., rurality), and flood risk dynamics. Our results suggest that inequalities occur at both the application and funding stage of Nature-based Solutions projects for flood risk management. This reflects wider international challenges of using market-based instruments for environmental resource allocation. Competitive tenders have the potential to undermine the benefits Nature-based Solution may have for equality.
Post-prandial glycemic responses to high fiber pastries in healthy adults
Authors: Pinon Anthony , Trentesaux Claire , Dindault Bertrand , Pillard Laurent , Cousseau Delphine , Barbe Fanny , Lecerf Jean-Michel , Schnebelen-Berthier Coralie
Published: January 2025

Background
As people with glycemia dysregulation should avoid high post-prandial hyperglycemia, consumption of pastries is not recommended. In order to allow the pleasure of eating sweet products for this population, pastries with high fiber content and with some sucrose replacement were developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the glycemic index of six gourmet pastries with low sucrose and high fiber content.
Methods
Ten healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Each week, participants consumed either a high fiber pastry containing 50g of available carbohydrate or a reference drink containing 50g of glucose within 10 minutes. Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after pastry (or reference drink) consumption. Glucose and insulin responses were obtained by calculating the incremental Area Under the Curve (iAUC).
Results
All six gourmet pastries induced a very slight increase in post-prandial glycemia. Calculated glycemic index values ranged between 6.6 and 18.2 depending on pastry. Insulin response was also lower for the six pastries compared to the reference drink. Insulin index values ranged between 39.9 and 67.1.
Conclusions
The high fiber content of pastries and the replacement of sucrose with low glycemic index sugars induced low glycemic and insulin responses. These pastries could therefore be consumed by people wishing to control their post-prandial glycemia.
This study was retrospectively registered on Clinical Trials website on 2022-03-31 under the number NCT05306106, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05306106.
Research on Employment Sentiment Analysis of College Graduates Based on Global and Local Key Fusion Features
Authors: Ding Meishuang , Qin Xingping , Li Hongmin , Ding Chen
Published: January 2025

The increasingly fierce competition in the job market has brought unprecedented pressure and challenges to college students who are struggling to find a job. In order to address the manual analysis insufficiency of the mental state of college graduates who are struggling to find a job, this paper proposes a method based on global and local key fusion features, in order to provide necessary manual intervention. Based on the rough set theory, the importance of employment sentiment-related words for college graduates is defined, and a local key information module is constructed to extract important words from interview data. Secondly, convolutional neural networks are used to mine the potential information regarding sentiment features of college graduates at both global and local scales. A channel attention module is introduced to enhance the model's ability to focus on sentiment features of job hunters without increasing the model size. At the same time, the pooling layer is adjusted to an overlapping pooling layer, and the network feature extraction performance is improved by combining the pooling strategy of multi-level pyramids. Finally, in order to effectively utilize the global information of the text and the local information of words, the sentiment information of the global and local regions is integrated to achieve multi-dimensional analysis of sentiment data collected by interviewing college graduates. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively obtain semantic information about the mood of college students counseled and accurately warn of the data reflecting negative emotion.
Spatiotemporal Transcriptomics of Human Cardiovascular Progenitors in Pig Hearts Identifies MIDKINE as a Positive Regulator of Neovascularization
Authors: Yap Lynn , Adusumalli Swarnaseetha , Lim Samantha , Ren Vincent , Leong Kye Siong , Chong Li Yen , Tan Clarissa , Tham Roy , Cheng Min En , Ye Lei , Wang Yibin , Petretto Enrico , Tryggvason Karl
Published: January 2025

Stem cell-based therapy has shown promise for regenerating infarcted heart tissue, yet the molecular dynamics and cellular fate of transplanted cells within the myocardium remain largely unexplored. In this study, we used time-series spatial transcriptomics to analyze the global gene expression profile of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitors (CVPs) transplanted into pigs at 1, 4, and 12 weeks post-chronic myocardial infarction (CMI). We employed bioinformatics tools, including ligand-receptor interaction and signaling pathway analysis, and identified MIDKINE (MDK), a human xenograft-derived chemokine, as a key regulator of neovascularization. These findings were validated through downstream bioinformatics analysis, immunohistochemistry, and in vitro genetic manipulation.
Our results revealed important cardiac repair mechanisms, such as increased expression of markers associated with cardiac maturation, including genes related to metabolism, cell cycle regulation, calcium handling, sarcomere development, ribosome biogenesis, and fibrosis resolution. Notably, through ligand-receptor interaction analysis, we identified the ligand MDK as a promising target to enhance angiogenic responses in the pig heart following cellular transplantation. This provides a valuable foundation for understanding the mechanisms of cellular therapy in the context of degenerative heart disease.
To further support our findings, we generated MDK-overexpressing cardiomyocytes and observed a significant increase in endothelial cell migration in transwell assays compared to controls (P-value < 0.05). For a deeper exploration of our transcriptomic data, we developed a spatially- and time-resolved transcriptomic Shiny application atlas of CVP xenografts in MI pig hearts during the critical post-transplantation recovery phase, enabling interactive exploration of gene expression profiles from our large animal models.
Hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate NMR spectroscopy reveals transition of tumor energy metabolism in tiny multicellular spheroids
Authors: Takakusagi Yoichi , Takakusagi Kaori , Inoue Kaori , Saito Keita , Homma Yoshimi , Ichikawa Kazuhiro
Published: January 2025

Hyperpolarized (HP) [1-13C]pyruvate nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to investigate tumor energy metabolism in tiny multicellular spheroids, serving as a model of early-phase tumorigenesis in vivo. A three-dimensional static culture of murine squamous cell carcinoma (SCCVII) cells formed uniform smaller multicellular spheroids (~ 150 µm in diameter), without hypoxic or necrotic cores, yet these spheroids exhibited resistance to anti-tumor drugs. HP [1-13C]pyruvate NMR spectroscopy of SCCVII spheroids revealed an increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate compared to monolayer cultures, indicating enhanced aerobic glycolysis in the aggregated cells. Additionally, HP spectroscopy differentiated the degree of aerobic glycolysis in human prostate tumor spheroids―DU145 (~ 120 µm) and PC-3 (~ 230 µm)―as evidenced by the upregulation of genes associated with lactate production and cellular transport. The Lac/Pyr ratio among spheroids correlated with those observed in biopsy samples of corresponding malignant tumors grown in mice. These findings suggest that HP [1-13C]pyruvate NMR spectroscopy may serve as a metabolic biomarker for early-phase tumorigenesis in vivo.
Blood Glucose-Lowering Effect of Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Zhang Li-Li , Shu Hua , Guo XiangHua , Zhang XinShuai , Dong GuanJun , Song Qin
Published: January 2025

Objective
The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effect of hydroxychloroquine sulfate on fasting blood glucose levels in patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 905 SLE patients between January 2020 and December 2024. The study compared fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels between 255 patients who received hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment and 650 patients who did not receive HCQ during the study period. Multivariate regression, stratified analysis, and smooth curve fitting were employed to assess the relationship between HCQ use and glucose levels.
Results
Following the adjustment of confounding factors, a mean reduction of 0.2 mmol/L in FBG was observed among HCQ users in comparison to non-users (95%CI: -0.4, -0.0, P = 0.0294). A stratified analysis revealed that this effect was more pronounced in female patients. Furthermore, the analysis of the glucose levels in relation to age demonstrated that they were more stable in individuals who had been administered HCQ.
Conclusion
This study provides the first quantitative evidence of HCQ's significant glucose-lowering effect in SLE patients, offering important implications for clinical practice.
Antimicrobial effect of advanced platelet-rich fibrin plus against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An in vitro study
Authors: Le Son , Le-Nguyen Minh-Phuc , Pham Uy , Nguyen Bich-Ly
Published: January 2025

Background
The virulence of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) differs significantly; however, the antimicrobial effects of advanced platelet-rich fibrin plus (A-PRF+) on these subspecies remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of A-PRF + against MSSA and MRSA.
Methods
Fifteen male participants volunteered for this study. Solid and liquid forms of A-PRF + were produced using the DUO Quattro centrifuge machine following the recommended protocol. The inoculum of MSSA and MRSA was prepared from reference samples obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Both inocula were adjusted to a McFarland standard of 0.5. The antimicrobial effects of A-PRF + against MSSA and MRSA were evaluated using disk diffusion assays, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests, and biofilm formation experiments.
Results
The disk diffusion assay demonstrated weak antimicrobial activity against both MSSA and MRSA, with inhibition zones measuring 0.68 ± 0.44 mm and 0.69 ± 0.35 mm, respectively. However, MIC testing revealed that A-PRF + did not exhibit antimicrobial effects against either subspecies following dilution. Finally, A-PRF + significantly reduced the biofilm-forming capacity of both MSSA and MRSA to approximately 70%.
Conclusion
A-PRF + exhibited weak antimicrobial activity against both MSSA and MRSA in agar diffusion assays. Additionally, A-PRF + reduced the biofilm-forming capacity of both MSSA and MRSA. However, no significant differences were detected in the antimicrobial effects of A-PRF + between MSSA and MRSA.
Anthropogenic metal storage in wetland soils across the conterminous United States
Authors: Dietrich Matthew , Dumelle Michael , Nahlik Amanda M. , Golden Heather E. , Christensen Jay R. , Lane Charles R. , Moore Eric M. , Filippelli Gabriel M.
Published: January 2025

Wetlands provide many ecosystem services, such as mitigating pollution, attenuating flooding and drought extremes, and providing habitat for many species. However, studies quantifying potential wetland sequestration of heavy metals as an ecosystem service, particularly across large spatial extents, are sparse. We utilized data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s National Wetland Condition Assessment to estimate anthropogenic metal (Pb, Cu, Cr) storage in the upper 40 centimeters of wetland soils across the conterminous United States (CONUS). Large amounts of anthropogenic Cu and Cr are stored in wetland soil across the CONUS, at 299.5 ± 73.2 (95% confidence interval) and 483.4 ± 132.1 thousand metric tons (MT), respectively. Anthropogenic Pb totaled 394.3 ± 265.2 thousand MT, an amount roughly equivalent to 7% of lead-based gasoline additives used in the U.S. between 1927–1994, the largest widespread anthropogenic source of Pb across the landscape. Between 15–22% of Cu, Cr, and Pb mass stored within the upper 40 cm of wetland soils across the CONUS is anthropogenic. We also estimated wetland anthropogenic metal loading to normalize mass by area. Anthropogenic metal loading is related to the complex interaction of landscape features. However, national-scale variations obscure which features are dominant in metal loading and retention processes. In most cases, estimated wetland redox state, tidal influence, the wetland hydrologic regime, and the geographical region do not substantially impact estimates of anthropogenic metal loading within wetland soils. More detailed regional research may help disentangle these complex relationships to further support wetland ecosystem management.