bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Вирішення задачі забезпечення справності парку авіаційної техніки Збройних Сил України в умовах особливого періоду
Authors: Sushak Myhailo , Bratus Yuriy , Vasianovych Mykola
Published: June 2024

Технічний стан всього парку авіації Повітряних Сил Збройних Сил України характеризується вичерпанням установленого ресурсу (строку служби). Особливе значення для прогнозованого планування заходів інженерно-авіаційного забезпечення є аналіз післяремонтної надійності авіаційної техніки при виконанні заходів заводського ремонту. Аналіз діяльності авіа ремонтних підприємств України свідчить про існування низки проблемних питань, які негативно впливають на поточний стан авіаремонтної бази та перспективи розвитку. Характерні особливості існуючого стану більшості авіа ремонтних підприємств визначають доцільність формування управлінських рішень щодо заводськогоремонту та технічної експлуатації авіаційної техніки державної авіації з позицій мінімізації потенційних ризиків. Програма технічного обслуговування та ремонту всіх типів літальних апаратів Повітряних Сил Збройних Сил України може розглядатись як сукупність програм більш низького рівня. Система забезпечення справності авіаційної техніки державної авіації є складною багатофакторною істотно нелінійною та нестаціонарною системою, тому одним іздоцільних підходів щодо оцінки впливу ризикоутворювальних чинників на забезпечення заданого рівня справності парку авіаційної техніки є розгляд аналогій для системи адекватної складності. В якості такої системи можливо розглядати систему авіа ремонтних підприємств при виконанні заходів імпортозаміщення з відповідними ризиками. Авторами запропоновано алгоритм формування плану ремонту авіаційної техніки шляхом ітераційного процесу, при якому досягається мінімальний ризик забезпечення заданого рівня справності парку авіаційної техніки державної авіації. Для кожного зі сценаріїв особливого періоду розглядається окремий варіант плану ремонту авіаційної техніки. Для зменшення ризику критичної залежності від одного приватного виробника необхідних для ремонту та експлуатації авіаційної техніки комплектувальних виробів, аналогічних штатним, доцільнім є розвиток державної системи економічного стимулювання (надання преференцій, державної підтримки) вітчизняних підприємств, що задіяні в процесі імпортозаміщення. Для цього, доцільним є ініціювання питання практичної реалізації державної підтримки вітчизняних підприємств, які задіяні в процесі імпортозаміщення в галузі державної авіації з виділенням на це відповідного фінансового ресурсу з Державного бюджету України. Таким чином, задача забезпеченнясправності парку авіаційної техніки Збройних Силах України в умовах особливого періоду з урахуванням реальних виробничих можливостей авіаремонтної галузі має вирішуватися шляхом мінімізації ризиків імпортозаміщення процесів заводського ремонту. Для теоретичного моделювання розподілу випадкових величин, які характеризують надійність, найбільш прийнятними є біноміальний та Пуассона – для дискретних величин; експоненціальний, Вейбулла та нормальний – для неперервних величин.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Program at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Road Less Travelled
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, India, Varma Subhash C. , Mandal Amit K. ,   Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, India, Sharma Anita ,   Department of Microbiology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, India, Chawla Parvinder K. ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, India, Juneja Shivani ,   Department of Pharmacology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, India, Singh Pooja ,   Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, India, Kumr⁷ Ashwani ,   Clinical Pharmacist, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, India
Published: June 2024

The manuscript provides a practical overview of implementing an antimicrobial stewardship program from a very nascent stage to a well-established program in the complex setting of a tertiary care hospital. It gives the readers a road map to initiate or refine their journey utilizing many principles of quality improvement, common sense, and negotiating complex human behavior. It also showcases a good use of the scientific principles of quality improvement and change management. Starting small with well-defined surgical prophylaxis paved the way for the complex world of empirical prescription of antimicrobials later in this journey. Various strategies like prescription audit and feedback, handshake stewardship, antimicrobial time-out, and greater mindfulness towards antimicrobial prescription have been well highlighted. Regular point prevalence surveys provided us with actionable data for multiple interventions. Moreover, it highlights the well-defined process and outcome metrics that measured the various aspects of antimicrobial prescription and were instrumental in assessing the success or challenges in implementing the program. Compliance with surgical prophylaxis improved from 34 % to 71%, while compliance with de-escalation increased from 38% to 57%.
Efficacy of Azithromycin Injection Combined with Levofloxacin Capsule and Ambroxol Injection in the Treatment of Mycoplasma Pneumonia
Authors: Meng Ruizhen , Wu Zuomin , Song Qi , Wang Rui
Published: June 2024

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of combining azithromycin injection with levofloxacin capsule and ambroxol injection for the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods: A total of 160 cases of patients with mycoplasma pneumonia were randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group, with 80 cases in each group. In the control group, azithromycin injection was administered at a dosage of 10 mg/kg once daily via intravenous drip. The experimental group received treatment based on the control group regimen, supplemented with levofloxacin capsules at a dosage of 0.2 g (2 capsules) twice daily and ambroxol injection at a dosage of 1.2-1.6 mg/(kg.d), given 2-3 times per day through slow intravenous injection lasting for 2-3 minutes. Both groups underwent a treatment duration of 7 days. Clinical efficacy, antipyretic time, cough extinction time, lung rales extinction time, and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: The test group exhibited an effective treatment rate of 88% for mycoplasma pneumonia, whereas the control group was 74%. The test group demonstrated significantly shorter durations for fever, cough, and lung rale disappearance compared to the control group. Conclusion: The combination of azithromycin, levofloxacin, and ambroxol significantly enhances the efficacy in treating mycoplasma pneumonia. It can further shorten improvement signs and has high safety. It is worth application for non-pediatric patients with mycoplasma infection.
Perbandingan Algoritma Sequitur dan RLE Dalam Kompresi Teks
Authors: Syahputra Rian
Published: June 2024

Information on a news blog is not small if we look at the amount of information that will be conveyed in a news story. A news blog also uses a lot of storage memory in the database because of the large amount of information in the form of text that is stored, and also affects the speed of data transmission. Compression techniques aimed at reducing data can be used to reduce stored text and save storage media and speed up the data transmission process. Using the Sequitur algorithm is better with a compression ratio of 80.95% of the initial size, because the sequitur algorithm removes symbol pairs that appear more than once with a new symbol. While the RLE algorithm in this study cannot be used because it does not meet the RLE algorithm so that the compression process does not occur due to the absence of the same characters appearing successively, this is a weakness of the RLE algorithm
Analisis Perbandingan Algoritma Longest Common Subsequence Dengan Simple Hill Climbing Pada Permainan TTS
Authors: Yardani Yardani
Published: June 2024

Crossword is a game to sharpen the brain. Crossword puzzles can be used in the field of education to test students' abilities, so that the questions used are adapted to their needs. But it will be difficult if a large number of questions are used, because to make a crossword puzzle from a set of questions, the possible combinations of existing words form a crossword puzzle. Research in optimizing the filling of empty spaces in the crossword matrix board certainly requires an algorithm using a comparison of the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) algorithm and the Simple Hill Climbing algorithm. By comparing the performance of the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) algorithm and the Simple Hill Climbing algorithm, it will be known how the work and performance in terms of speed and accuracy of the two algorithms work. The questions displayed in the crossword application are obtained from the database access randomly by the program. The crossword puzzle that is formed is a collection of answers to the questions used, the answers to the questions are arranged in such a way that they intersect with one another. On this matrix board, the answers to the questions will be placed to form a crossword puzzle. Each letter of the answer will occupy one cell on the matrix board. The number of questions is the number of questions that will be used in the crossword game. Apart from receiving input from the user, the application also provides output to the user in the form of a crossword puzzle and the correct answer from the TTS
Distribution of Inheritance According to Customary Law and Civil Law in Indonesia
Authors: Keliat Raihana Jihan Sabhira , Sembiring Tamaulina Br
Published: June 2024

This research aims to analyze the distribution of inheritance according to customary law and civil law in Indonesia, considering that this process involves complex financial, emotional and social aspects. In Indonesia, each region has customs that complement its cultural diversity, and the interaction between customary law and civil law in the inheritance distribution process shows unique and often complex dynamics. In this context, civil law plays a vital role in creating a just and prosperous society. In contrast, customary law is deeply related to ways of life developed, shared and passed down from generation to generation. Through a qualitative approach, this research will use case studies from various regions in Indonesia to illustrate the application of inheritance law, and interviews with legal experts, traditional leaders and community members will provide in-depth insight into the interactions between civil and customary law. In addition, analysis of legal documents and jurisprudence will offer a more structured understanding of the basis of statutory law. It is hoped that this research will not only add to academic discourse but also offer practical insights and guidance that can improve legal practices and outcomes in Indonesia's diverse cultural landscape, with the ultimate goal of making policy recommendations for policymakers to improve legal practices around heritage, respecting cultural practices while promoting justice and equality.
An analysis of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) vaccine acceptance in Gowa Regency
Authors: Riani Mia , Amiruddin Ridwan , Arsin Arsunan , M Ida Leida , . Darmawangsa , Riskiyanir Shanti
Published: June 2024

One of the indicators of vaccination success as an effort to overcome COVID-19 can be seen from how many people participate. This study aims to analyze the acceptance of OVID-19 vaccine using Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 seropravalence survey data. This study was an analytic observational study with cross sectional study design. The total number of samples was 847 samples. Data collection technique used purposive sampling. The data used was the SARS-CoV-2 seropravalence survey data. Data analysis used STATA program 14.0 version with multiple logistic regression. The differences were found in vaccine acceptance based on occupation (p<0.001). However, it was not with age, gender, knowledge, attitudes, support from healthcare workers and family support. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that occupation (p<0.001), gender (p=0.001) and age (p=0.024) were variables that related to COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance. Occupation is a variable that related to reasons for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This may be related to government policies and mobilization factors. On the other hand, age and gender also determine COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. The government should pay attention to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance for people who are not bound at work and unemployed.
THERMAL STABILITY OF CASTING POLYISOCYANURATE FOAMS
Authors: Zolotarev Michail , Naganovsky Yuri , Ushkov Valentin
Published: June 2024

In the modern construction industry for increasing the thermal resistance of structures and reducing heat losses, casting foams based on reactive oligomers with high performance characteristics are widely used. At the same time, special attention is paid to the use of polyisocyanurate foams (PIR). However, in the scientific and technical literature there are practically no data on the influence of the composition of polyisocyanurate foams on their thermal properties. The purpose of this work is to determine the influence of isocyanate/polyol ratio, modifier content (trichloropropyl phosphate) and apparent density of foams on thermal properties of casting PIRs. The thermal properties of PIRs, when heated in the temperature range of 30-800 ⁰C in nitrogen atmosphere and in air, were investigated using a multimodal thermal analytical complex DuPont-9900 (heating rate 20°C/min). It is revealed that thermo-oxidative decomposition of polyisocyanurate foams is a pronounced, two-stage process, and the destruction of PIR in inert medium (nitrogen) is a one-stage process, which indicates different mechanisms of decomposition of foams in air and nitrogen. As a result of experimental studies, it was revealed that the investigated PIRs are more resistant to thermo-oxidative degradation than to thermal degradation. The thermal properties of the above foams depend on the isocyanate/polyol ratio and TCPP content. The density of polyisocyanurate foams insignificantly affects their thermal stability. At the optimal content of initial components PIRs have higher thermal resistance compared to rigid polyurethane foams (FPU).
STRUCTURE OF THE PORES OF CELLULAR CONCRETE CONTAINING CATHODE RAY TUBES GLASS CULLET
Authors: Alpackiy Dmitriy , Myarikyanov Igor
Published: June 2024

To date, the issue of handling toxic unsorted waste of cathode ray tubes (CRT) glass cullet remains relevant. The present paper proposes to replace part of the fine aggregate of cellular concrete intended for sound, heat or radiation protection with CRT glass waste heat-treated in the presence of a sodium hydroxide solution. The purpose of the research is to study the structure formation of the cellular concrete pores in case of replacement of part of the aggregate. The microscopy of the samples fracture was studied both visually and using software that made it possible to estimate the pore size when convert-ing the image to the relief mode. The study showed that the aggregate replacement results not only in quantitative changes in pore size, but also in qualitative changes related to the mechanism of the pore structure formation. Thus, when adding unsorted waste heat-treated in an alkaline environment, with a particle diameter of no more than 630 μm, there was a decrease in pore size and a decrease in size distribution compared with the reference sample. The changes are caused by structure formation, which can be divided into two stages - the formation of conglomerates and their swelling. With a decrease in the diameter of the part of the waste of a maximum size of 90 μm, a decrease in the pore size was recorded compared to the reference value, but due to the concrete skeleton formation before the end of gas development, destruction of the pore walls was observed.
EXPANSION OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT-SILICATE PAINT
Authors: Yakovlev Grigory , Pudov Igor , Saidova Zarina , Pervushin Grigory , Buryanov Aleksandr , Dulesova Indira
Published: June 2024

The paper describes a one-component cement-silicate paint based on white Portland cement and sodium hydrosilicate, which lacks expensive zinc oxide and potassium liquid glass. The paint is supposed to be produced as a dry mixture, which can be applied in the conditions of the construction area using mixers. It is shown that the introduction of chrysotile nano-fibers into the basic composition of the paint allows its use for painting hot surfaces operating at temperatures up to 700 ºC. The use of nanodispersed titanium dioxide in the composition of cement-silicate paint provides self-cleaning of the painted coating due to photocatalytic reactions on the contaminated surface
Effectiveness of Talking Stick Learning Model in Improving the Mastery of Arabic Vocabulary at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Darussalam Samarinda
Authors: Lala Nur Hasanah  , Muhammad Ihsanuddin Masdar
Published: June 2024

Mufrodat is one of the language elements that must be mastered. However, the problem that students often face when learning a foreign language, including Arabic, is that students easily forget in remembering a number of vocabulary that has been memorized. To overcome this problem, the researcher offers a Talking Stick learning model to improve the mastery of Arabic vocabulary. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Talking Stick learning model in improving students' mastery of Arabic vocabulary. This research is a quantitative research with a type of quasi experiment approach (pseudo experiment) design the non-equivalent control group, with a sample of 27 students consisting of 14 students (control class) and 13 students (experimental class). The data collection method used was a test consisting of pre-test and post-test. The data analysis technique used was the independent sample t-test. Based on the research results obtained, the average value of the post-test in the experimental class was 90, while the control class was 60. The results of data analysis using the independent sample t-test showed that the significance value (2 tailed) was 0.000 <0.05. It can be said that  is rejected and  is accepted. Based on the results of the N-Gain Score calculation, it shows that the average value of the N-Gain score for the experimental class is 0.7840, including in the high category. So it can be concluded that the Talking Stick learning model is effective in a high category in improving students' mastery of Arabic vocabulary at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Darussalam Samarinda.
اثر تغيير الشكل القانوني للشركة على عقود الشركة
Authors: سارة سالم ادريس  , ا.د.ايسر عصام داؤد
Published: June 2024

مستخلص:
في هذا البحث، نستكشف الآثار القانونية لتغيير الشكل القانوني للشركة على العقود التي دخلتها الشركة قبل التغيير. نركز على عقود الكفالة، الإيجار، والعمل، مؤكدين استمرار شخصية الشركة القانونية والتزاماتها المالية على الرغم من التغيير في الشكل القانوني. يعتمد البحث على تحليل مقارن لقانون الشركات العراقي رقم (21) لسنة 1997، كما تم تعديله، مع قوانين الشركات المصرية والأردنية والإماراتية. يهدف البحث إلى تحديد التحديات القانونية واقتراح الحلول القانونية المناسبة المتعلقة بتغيير الشكل القانوني للشركة.
الكلمات المفتاحية: تغيير شكل قانوني، عقود الشركة، آثار قانونية، تحليل مقارن.
Таксономические особенности и биоразнообразие грибов рода Cronartium
Authors: Дудченко И.П. , Дудченко Г.Н. , Скрипка О.В. , Копина М.Б. , Щуковская А.Г.
Published: June 2024

В статье приводится информация о некоторых видах галлообразующих ржавчин рода Cronartium. Рассмотрены их симптоматика, биологические особенности, распространение и экономическое значение. Особое внимание уделено вопросам таксономии и диагностики североамериканских галлообразующих ржавчин.
Классические и современные методы диагностики грибов рода Colletotrichum на землянике садовой
Authors: Цветкова Ю.В. , Кузнецова А.А.
Published: June 2024

В статье представлен обзор информации о видах рода Colletotrichum, поражающих растения земляники, включая комплекс Colletotrichum acutatum и комплекс Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, а также трудности, связанные с непосредственной идентификацией патогенов. Описаны особенности диагностики микологических исследований и применение комплексного подхода с использованием классических и современных молекулярно-генетических методов для точного анализа в лабораторных условиях.
Evaluation and acceptability of instructional guide in Futsal
Authors: Almeida Jonifer
Published: June 2024

The K to 12 PE Curriculum develops the students’ skills in accessing, synthesizing and evaluating information, making informed decisions, enhancing and advocating their own and others’ fitness and health. As a Futsal enthusiast, coach, and trainer in a public national high school, the researcher intended to institutionalize and make the teaching of Futsal to learners more interesting and meaningful. Hence, this study aimed to develop teacher-made instructional guide in enhancing Futsal skills. Using the mixed methods research, the researchers determined the evaluation and acceptability of the teacher-made instructional guide and determine the inputs from the evaluators towards the development of the said instructional guide. The study was conducted in the Division of Capiz for the Academic Year 2022-23 with 12 experts and 30 students from the Division of Capiz who were invited to evaluate the researcher-made instructional guide in Futsal. The data were obtained by administering a standardized evaluation rating sheet for print sources of the Department of Education to assess the evaluation and acceptability of the teacher-made training guide for Futsal. Furthermore the instrument consisted of a matrix that guided the evaluators in assessing the acceptability of the training manual in terms of content, format, and accuracy and organization of information. Frequency count, percentage, and mean were the tools used to analyzed the qualitative data, while quantitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Based on the findings it was found that the teacher-made instructional guide in enhancing Futsal training was Very Acceptable in general and in terms of its content, format, and accuracy and organization of information. Furthermore, the inputs shared by the evaluators towards the enhancement of the teacher-made instructional guide were on providing more specific instructions/guides for the players; adding more visual instructions/details; focusing on improving Futsal skills; and inclusion of practical application of skills in the assessment/evaluation. Following this input, the researcher integrated the feedbacks from the evaluators in producing an enhanced instructional guide in Futsal training.
OPTIMAL PRICING AND PRODUCTION LOT SIZE FOR TWO RATES OF PRODUCTION WITH PRICE-SENSITIVE DEMAND, PRICE BREAK-EVEN POINT, AND PROFIT MAXIMISATION IN HIGHER ORDER EQUATION
Authors: Sivashankari C K , Nithya T. , Yadavalli VSS
Published: June 2024

In the present study, optimal pricing and optimal lot size production policy models with price-sensitive demand of deteriorating products are considered, taking into account two distinct production rates. It is possible to begin production at one rate and then switch to a different rate after a period of time. Such a scenario is appealing, in that a big initial stock of produced goods can be avoided by starting production at a modest pace, thus reducing the initial investment and the holding cost. Further, the fifth-order equation is obtained when the equation for optimal pricing is derived. Maximising the profit is calculated based on a fifth-order equation. Both optimal pricing and production lot size are decision variables, and optimal cycle time is also one of the decision variables for determining price break-even points. As far as information is concerned, no researcher has examined optimal pricing and production lot size policies in two-rates-of-production models for their study.The objective of the present study is to examine the optimal production, optimal pricing, and optimal cycle time to reduce the total cost and to maximise the total profit. Both price break-even point and profit maximisation are considered. An appropriate mathematical model is developed. An illustrative example is provided and numerically validated using a sensitivity analysis. Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 was used to code the model’s outcome validation.
DO SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE AND RISK-TAILORED PORTFOLIOS WIN? A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: van Niekerk Melissa , Trent Nadia M.
Published: June 2024

This study introduces three extensions of the Markowitz portfolio selection model: (1) matching portfolio risk to individual investors’ risk appetite; (2) excluding certain shares; and (3) environmental, social, and governance (ESG) integration. The models are compared to the traditional Markowitz model using empirical data from JSE Limited. The findings reveal that differentiating portfolios on the basis of risk appetites or exclusions had a limited impact on future returns. However, portfolios differentiated by ESG integration showed significantly higher future returns than the other models or industry investments. The study highlights the superiority of ESG integration and suggests that current portfolio selection models do not fully capture the art of investing.
Note from the Editor
Authors: Schutte Corne
Published: June 2024

As we are awaiting the 29 May national election outcome results, it seems that South Africa has underscored the electorate's demand for comprehensive reforms and a commitment to addressing pressing socio-economic challenges, signalling a pivotal shift in the nation's political landscape. Industrial engineering professionals are at the forefront of transforming South Africa’s economic landscape, particularly within the context of the country’s evolving political arena. As South Africa navigates a period of significant socio-political change, the role of Industrial engineering professionals has never been more critical. Industrial engineering professionals are uniquely positioned to drive efficiency, innovation, and sustainability across various sectors, addressing the urgent needs of a nation striving for inclusive growth and development. One of the pivotal contributions of industrial engineering professionals is its ability to streamline operations and enhance productivity. This is essential in a country where industries must adapt to new regulations and global competitiveness. Industrial engineering professionals play a crucial role in optimising supply chains, reducing waste, and implementing cutting-edge technologies, thereby ensuring that South African businesses can compete on an international stage. Moreover, Industrial engineering professionals could be more instrumental in advancing social equity. By designing systems that are not only efficient but also equitable, industrial engineering professionals contribute to creating job opportunities and improving working conditions. This aligns with South Africa’s requirement of reducing unemployment and fostering a more inclusive economy. In the new political arena, where policy shifts and economic reforms are frequent, the adaptability and problem-solving skills of industrial engineering professionals are invaluable. They are the architects of a resilient economy, capable of weathering political changes while driving sustainable development. As South Africa looks to the post-election future, the strategic role of Industrial engineering professionals will be a cornerstone in building a prosperous and equitable society. Let us tackle this challenge! This edition has a total of 11 articles, with 7 from authors with South African connections and the balance from international authors.
Estereoscopía y dialéctica: el pensamiento imagético de Walter Benjamin
Authors: Gomes Mário
Published: June 2024

Partiendo de las críticas formuladas por Friedrich Kittler hacia Walter Benjamin, específicamente en lo concerniente a la presunta falta de conocimientos tecnológicos de Benjamin, el presente texto tiene como objetivo demonstrar la forma en la que Benjamin estructura algunos de sus conceptos desde una perspectiva medial. En particular, el artículo se enfoca en el concepto de «dialéctica en reposo» y en su relación intrínseca con un dispositivo estereoscópico al que Benjamin alude en repetidas ocasiones: el Kaiserpanorama. Contraponiendo fragmentos de su Infancia en Berlín hacia 1900 y algunos apuntes del Libro de los pasajes, se evidencia cómo la noción de dialéctica en reposo se articula con el fenómeno de la estereoscopía.
Diez años de ‘Oikonomics’, diez años de universidad, diez años de mundo
Authors: Fitó Àngels
Published: June 2024

La fundación de la revista Oikonomics en mayo de 2014 buscaba crear un nexo entre la comunidad académica y los diferentes agentes sociales, empresariales e institucionales, justo cuando nos vemos sacudidos por procesos de cambio globales. La magnitud de la transformación económica y social entonces iniciada permite celebrar, hoy que la publicación se viste de gala para celebrar su décimo cumpleaños, el acierto de la apuesta para tejer alianzas con los diferentes grupos de interés, para involucrar el diálogo con nuestra comunidad universitaria y para trenzarlo todo a partir del conocimiento y voluntad de todo el equipo de los Estudios de Economía y Empresa de la UOC.
¿Pagar o no pagar impuestos? ¿Es ésa la cuestión?
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Esteller-Moré Alejandro
Published: June 2024

Los individuos, como seres egoístas, tienen incentivos a no cumplir de manera voluntaria con el pago de impuestos. Esa baja predisposición difiere entre países o, dentro de un país, entre individuos. Dados los costes sociales que supone el incumplimiento fiscal, encontrar mecanismos que puedan mejorar esa predisposición, esto es, que, sin la necesidad de mecanismos coercitivos, mejoren la «moral impositiva» es un aspecto clave para la efectividad, eficiencia y equidad de nuestro sistema fiscal. En este artículo, se discuten estas cuestiones y se proponen diversos mecanismos para fomentar la moral impositiva, el nivel de la cual no necesariamente queda bien reflejado en las encuestas que suelen hacerse sobre este tema.
Assessing Potential Distributions of Bird Endemic Species: Case Studies of Macrocephalon maleo and Rhyticeros cassidix and Their Threats
Authors: Aldiansyah Septianto , Risna Risna , Saputra Randi Adrian
Published: June 2024

Maleo and knobbed hornbill are bird species that are endemic on the island of Sulawesi, which is highly threatened by forest fires. Fires tend to destroy any affected species; however, it is not possible to survey the entire range of the original distribution of the two endemic bird species that are affected by forest fires due to practical constraints. Species distribution modeling using maximum entropy is considered to be an alternative to understanding the potential distribution area of species against the threat of forest fires. The prediction model from MaxEnt all have AUC values of greater than 0.70, which means that the model is good enough to classify the records of the presence of M. maleo and R. cassidix along with the past forest fires. The environmental variables that affect the distribution of M. maleo are its distance from hot water, rivers, and roads, while the distribution of R. cassidix is strongly influenced by its distance from roads, settlements, and rivers. Forest fire distribution is mostly influenced by soil type, land-use land cover, and rainfall. It is predicted that around 238,690 and 677,070 ha of the potential distribution of M. maleo and R. cassidix, respectively, are potentially disturbed and affected by forest fires. However, this number much greater outside conservation areas. The results of this study can be used by the government of the Republic of Indonesia (especially the Ministry of Environment and Forestry) for determining conservation actions for both species in the future.
Improving Traffic-noise-mitigation Strategies with LiDAR-based 3D Tree-canopy Analysis
Authors: Wickramathilaka Nevil , Ujang Uznir , Azri Suhaibah
Published: June 2024

The leaves on trees absorb road noise and serve as noise barriers. Tree structures such as tree belts and isolated trees have various methods for absorbing sounds. The depth, surface area, and noise-absorption coefficient of trees contribute to noise absorption. Therefore, this study aims to address this issue of traffic-noise pollution through the use of trees; in particular, by analyzing the noise-absorption coefficient of leaves, the surface area of the leaves, and the depths of the trees. However, the study stresses the need for 3D tree-canopy visualization to identify these factors. To achieve this, the study used LiDAR point clouds to provide accurate data for the convex hull visualizations of canopies. Additionally, a formulated equation for calculating traffic noise after absorption has been suggested by combining the traffic-noise absorption and Henk de Kluijver traffic-noise models. The study also compares the effectiveness of tree belts and isolated trees in reducing noise pollution, concluding that, below a canopy of trees, there is no noise reduction. Finally, the study has demonstrated that the number and sizes of leaves affect noise absorption, showing that noise pollution can be reduced by 1 to 3 dB(A) in the research area by using trees.
Computational reconstruction on-chip spectrometer based on reconfigurable silicon photonic filters
Authors: Zhang Zan , Huang Bei-Ju , Chen Hong-Da ,   School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018, China,   Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China,   College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: June 2024

Spectroscopic analysis technique is an indispensable tool in many disciplines such as biomedical research, materials science, and remote sensing. Traditional benchtop spectrometers have several drawbacks; bulky, complex, and expensive, making them ineffective for emerging applications such as wearable health monitoring and Lab-on-Chip systems. Compared with bulky desktop spectrometers, integrated chip-level spectrometers find many applications in portable health monitoring, environmental sensing, and other scenarios. We design an on-chip spectrometer based on a silicon photonics platform. The device consists of a silicon photonic filter with a reconfigurable transmission spectrum.

By changing the transmission spectrum of the filter, the multiple and diverse sampling of the input spectrum can be obtained. Using an artificial neural network algorithm, the incident spectrum is reconstructed from the sampled signals. The reconfigurable silicon photonic filter is composed of intercoupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer and micro-ring resonator. The introduction of thermal-optic phase shifter facilitates the reconstruction of the transmission spectrum of filter. Through this approach, a response function encompassing diverse features of broad and narrow spectra can be obtained from a single reconfigurable filter, eliminating the need for a filter array and significantly reducing the footprint of the spectrometer.

 Simulation results demonstrate that the designed device can achieve continuous and sparse spectrum reconstruction in a wavelength range of 1500–1600 nm, with a resolution of approximately 0.2 nm. On a test set composed of synthetic spectra, the calculated average RMSE for the reconstructed spectra is 0.0075, with an average relative error of 0.0174. Owing to the reconfigurable nature of the silicon photonic filter, this device exhibits the ability to flexibly adjust the number of sampling channels, thus enabling users to configure the chip according to specific application scenarios. This device possesses significant potential applications such as in wearable optical sensors and portable spectrometers.
Spectral regulation in thermophotovoltaic devices
Authors: Xiong Jia-Cheng , Huang Zhe-Qun , Zhang Heng , Wang Qi-Xiang , Cui Ke-Hang ,   State Key Laboratory of Metal-Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China,   Zhiyuan Innovative Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: June 2024

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) device converts thermal radiation into electricity output through photovoltaic effect. High-efficiency TPV devices have extensive applications in grid-scale thermal storage, full-spectrum solar utilization, distributed thermal-electricity cogeneration, and waste heat recovery. The key to high-efficiency TPV devices lies in spectral regulation to achieve band-matching between thermal radiation of the emitters and electron transition of the photovoltaic cells. The latest advances in nanophotonics, materials science, and artificial intelligence have made milestone progress in spectral regulation and recording power conversion efficiency of up to 40% of TPV devices. Here we systematically review spectral regulation in TPV devices at the emitter end as well as the photovoltaic cell end. At the emitter end, spectral regulation is realized through thermal metamaterials and rare-earth intrinsic emitters to selectively enhance the in-band radiation and suppress the sub-bandgap radiation. At the photovoltaic cell end, spectral regulation mainly focuses on recycling the sub-bandgap thermal radiation through optical filters and back surface reflectors located at the front and back of the photovoltaic cells, respectively. We emphasize the light-matter interaction mechanisms and material systems of different spectral regulation strategies. We also discuss the spectral regulation strategies in near-field TPV devices. Finally, we look forward to potential development paths and prospects of spectral regulation to achieve scalable deployment of future TPV devices.
DUX4 is a common driver of immune evasion and immunotherapy failure in metastatic cancers
Authors: Pineda Jose Mario Bello , Bradley Robert K
Published: June 2024

Cancer immune evasion contributes to checkpoint immunotherapy failure in many patients with metastatic cancers. The embryonic transcription factor DUX4 was recently characterized as a suppressor of interferon-γ signaling and antigen presentation that is aberrantly expressed in a small subset of primary tumors. Here, we report that DUX4 expression is a common feature of metastatic tumors, with ~10–50% of advanced bladder, breast, kidney, prostate, and skin cancers expressing DUX4. DUX4 expression is significantly associated with immune cell exclusion and decreased objective response to PD-L1 blockade in a large cohort of urothelial carcinoma patients. DUX4 expression is a significant predictor of survival even after accounting for tumor mutational burden and other molecular and clinical features in this cohort, with DUX4 expression associated with a median reduction in survival of over 1 year. Our data motivate future attempts to develop DUX4 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for checkpoint immunotherapy resistance.
Bidirectional dysregulation of synaptic glutamate signaling after transient metabolic failure
Authors: Passlick Stefan , Ullah Ghanim , Henneberger Christian
Published: June 2024

Ischemia leads to a severe dysregulation of glutamate homeostasis and excitotoxic cell damage in the brain. Shorter episodes of energy depletion, for instance during peri-infarct depolarizations, can also acutely perturb glutamate signaling. It is less clear if such episodes of metabolic failure also have persistent effects on glutamate signaling and how the relevant mechanisms such as glutamate release and uptake are differentially affected. We modeled acute and transient metabolic failure by using a chemical ischemia protocol and analyzed its effect on glutamatergic synaptic transmission and extracellular glutamate signals by electrophysiology and multiphoton imaging, respectively, in the mouse hippocampus. Our experiments uncover a duration-dependent bidirectional dysregulation of glutamate signaling. Whereas short chemical ischemia induces a lasting potentiation of presynaptic glutamate release and synaptic transmission, longer episodes result in a persistent postsynaptic failure of synaptic transmission. We also observed unexpected differences in the vulnerability of the investigated cellular mechanisms. Axonal action potential firing and glutamate uptake were surprisingly resilient compared to postsynaptic cells, which overall were most vulnerable to acute and transient metabolic stress. We conclude that short perturbations of energy supply lead to a lasting potentiation of synaptic glutamate release, which may increase glutamate excitotoxicity well beyond the metabolic incident.
Adolescentes y políticas educativas para la alfabetización mediática en Chile
Authors: Jarpa Candia Patricia , De la Torre Espinosa Mario , Gómez Pérez Francisco Javier
Published: June 2024

La pandemia de COVID-19 provocó un cambio en las prácticas educativas en todo el mundo debido al cambio prolongado de la educación presencial a un modelo a distancia. En Chile, las TIC apoyaron esas prácticas, principalmente. En el regreso a clases, el permanente protagonismo de los medios y las tecnologías digitales se ha hecho evidente en las aulas, generando una creciente preocupación en las comunidades educativas por incentivar tanto a estudiantes como a docentes a adquirir habilidades de alfabetización mediática, respecto de un uso crítico efectivo de las TIC en la enseñanza. proceso de aprendizaje. En este contexto de convergencia cultural, nuestro objetivo es analizar las políticas educativas actuales para comprender la visión del Estado sobre la educación en medios. Para ello, utilizamos un análisis de contenido documental centrado en 42 documentos relativos a leyes estatales, bases curriculares y programas educativos que regulan la educación obligatoria chilena. Los resultados muestran una visión integradora de los contenidos, evidenciando elementos de competencia mediática, mayoritariamente con un enfoque tecnológico. En conclusión, las pautas de alfabetización mediática del currículo escolar no sólo pueden enriquecerse vinculando contenidos con habilidades de lectura crítica, interacción y expresión mediática, sino también promoviendo guías y recursos didácticos para la aplicación de estrategias, así como métodos de evaluación para determinar la efectividad de las estrategias. estas políticas en el desarrollo de la alfabetización mediática de los adolescentes.
¿Para qué utilizan Twitter los diputados portugueses? Un caso de estudio de comunicación política en un país con una pequeña tasa de adopción de Twitter
Authors: Ferro Santos Sofia , Cardoso Gustavo , Santos Susana
Published: June 2024

Portugal tiene la tasa de adopción de Twitter más pequeña de Europa occidental y un sistema político que no incentiva el contacto directo con el electorado. Entonces, ¿para qué utilizan Twitter los parlamentarios portugueses? Recopilamos y codificamos manualmente 2.192 tweets de parlamentarios. Nuestro análisis revela que los parlamentarios utilizan Twitter principalmente como herramienta de negocios para atender a un nicho de "élite de Twitter". Twitter es significativamente más adoptado por diputados varones, de partidos pequeños y no conservadores y de los distritos electorales más grandes. Si bien el seguimiento en Twitter se ve afectado por el reconocimiento público, la popularidad solo se ve afectada por la actividad en la plataforma.
Narrativas y discursos del paisaje ferroviario
Authors: Urrutia Steinert Isidora , Hassi Gidi José Emilio , Canales Errázuriz Santiago , Rojas del Pozo Valentina Paz , Molina Sourdat Alexandre , Pérez Selman Macarena
Published: June 2024

Este artículo examina el patrimonio ferroviario asociado a la red principal del Ferrocarril del Sur, construido desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX en Chile. Entendiendo el patrimonio ferroviario como una parte fundamental de la historia nacional y la memoria local, se toman como casos de estudio las instalaciones de las estaciones de Chimbarongo, Teno, San Rafael, Villa Alegre y Perquilauquén en las regiones de O’Higgins y Maule. Estas estaciones se encuentran actualmente en desuso y en diversos estados de conservación, a pesar de haber sido declaradas Monumento Histórico Nacional en 2017. Considerando estas estaciones como un conjunto tipológico y de manera individual, se analizan como un fenómeno complejo utilizando una metodología interdisciplinaria compuesta por un examen morfológico-formal, histórico-discursivo y narrativo. Se argumenta a favor del análisis interdisciplinario como una forma de destacar el valor de este patrimonio para el desarrollo geopolítico e identitario del territorio, demostrando una correspondencia entre su historia material y cultural. Se observa un período de auge y consolidación, seguido de un declive y abandono, tanto de la materialidad de la estación como de la sociabilidad ligada a ella. Esto resalta la importancia de esta arquitectura ferroviaria como un valor patrimonial a nivel estatal y comunitario.
Revelaciones de un paisaje cultural. Exposición de los valores del andar trashumante caprino en la provincia de Limarí
Authors:   , Motta Saldes Sofia Magdalena
Published: June 2024

La trashumancia comienza a realizarse en Chile con la introducción del ganado por parte de los españoles durante el período de la Conquista. Actualmente, es una de las últimas actividades nómadas del continente americano, cómo fragmentos y reminiscencias de aquellos primeros hombres que se dispersaron por el mundo. En Chile se distribuye geográficamente desde la región de Atacama hasta el Biobío. En Coquimbo, la provincia de Limarí ha sido históricamente el territorio a nivel nacional que presenta mayor número de ganado caprino. Allí, la trashumancia es una manifestación cultural central de la identidad regional y provincial. Práctica en que se articula el medio físico, el medio natural y cultural configurando lo que llamaremos el paisaje cultural trashumante caprino de la provincia de Limarí, con características y valores patrimoniales singulares, los que, por cierto, no son ajenos a los cambios y presiones históricas, sociales, económicas, políticas y ambientales propios del territorio y de la sociedad en que se desenvuelve, presiones que impactan en su persistencia y sostenibilidad en el tiempo.La presente investigación y proyecto tiene por objeto identificar y caracterizar, al menos en parte, el paisaje cultural trashumante caprino, empleando para ello la herramienta de análisis del paisaje Landscape Character Assessment (LCA), de manera tal de explorar el carácter y percepción del paisaje por parte de los trashumantes en la comuna de Monte Patria, provincia de Limarí, con miras a su puesta en valor por medio de la exposición “REVELACIONES DE UN PAISAJE CULTURAL. Exposición de los valores del andar trashumante caprino en la provincia de Limarí, Coquimbo”. Muestra que empleara diversos recursos y soportes de manera tal de aproximar al visitante a una experiencia estética, perceptual y sensorial del paisaje cultural trashumante caprino. Palabras claves: Limarí, trashumancia caprina, paisaje cultural, patrimonio cultural