bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abordagem anestésica de cirurgia videolapascópica em portadora de miastenia gravis
Authors: Nascimento Gabriel Peixoto , Pacheco Dirceu Castro , Elmiro Gustavo Siqueira , Gardenghi Giulliano
Published: February 2025

A miastenia gravis (MG) é uma doença autoimune que se caracteriza por fadiga e fraqueza damusculatura esquelética, com melhora após o repouso. Suas principais manifestações clinicas sãofraqueza localizada da musculatura ocular (diplopia e ptose), disartria e disfagia. Assim, é umadoença de grande interesse para o anestesiologista, pois compromete a junção neuromuscular.Esse artigo busca relatar um caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino de 32 anos submetida auma videolaparoscopia de urgência com o uso de anestesia geral venosa total, com emprego derocurônio para bloqueio neuromuscular, seguido de reversão completa.
Tracing Coherent Gas Structures in the Central Region of the Starburst Galaxy NGC 253. II. Gas Excitation and Star Formation
Authors: Konishi Ryotaro , Enokiya R. , Fukui Y. , Tachihara K. , Muraoka K. , Onishi T.
Published: February 2025

Molecular gas in the central region of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 is complicated because of the combination of different gas kinematics, including stellar feedback, noncircular motions, and magnetic activity. In paper I, we used the latest multitransition, multi-isotope CO-line data sets obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array to classify the molecular gas within the central 850 pc in radius into 28 coherent structures, and we proposed a three-dimensional geometric structure for the gas in the central region of this galaxy. In this paper, we utilize intensity ratios between 12CO (J = 3–2), 12CO (J = 1–0), HCN (J = 4–3), and SiO (J = 2–1) to investigate the physical properties of each coherent structure, comparing the distributions with (proto-)star clusters, known as superbubble candidates, and stars. We found that the excitation state of the gas tends to increase toward the galactic center, and we identified high-excitation states in the gas with noncircular motions. From analyses of HCN (J = 4–3) and SiO (J = 2–1), we found that the dense, star-forming clumps that drive the starburst reside either at the points connecting any two streams or in the central region where two oppositely directed, accretion flows terminate. Based on analyses of the intensity ratios and the proposed geometric structure, we suggest that some superbubbles may instead be the overlap of the coherent structures rather than an expanding shell. From all these results, we propose a scenario in which the starburst was triggered by cloud–cloud collisions caused by interactions of streams and/or by magnetic flotation and/or efficient accretion along a stellar bar.
A Measurement of Atmospheric Circular Polarization with POLARBEAR
Authors: Fujino Takuro , Takakura Satoru , Arani Shahed Shayan , Barron Darcy , Baccigalupi Carlo , Chinone Yuji , Errard Josquin , Fabbian Giulio , Feng Chang , Halverson Nils W. , Hasegawa Masaya , Hazumi Masashi , Jeong Oliver , Kaneko Daisuke , Keating Brian , Kusaka Akito , Lee Adrian , Matsumura Tomotake , Piccirillo Lucio , Reichardt Christian L. , Sakaguri Kana , Siritanasak Praween , Yamada Kyohei
Published: February 2025

At millimeter wavelengths, the atmospheric emission is circularly polarized owing to the Zeeman splitting of molecular oxygen by the Earth's magnetic field. We report a measurement of the signal in the 150 GHz band using 3 yr of observational data with the Polarbear project. Nonidealities of a continuously rotating half-wave plate (HWP) partially convert circularly polarized light to linearly polarized light. While Polarbear detectors are sensitive to linear polarization, this effect makes them sensitive to circular polarization. Although this was not the intended use, we utilized this conversion to measure circular polarization. We reconstruct the azimuthal gradient of the circular polarization signal and measure its dependency from the scanning direction and the detector bandpass. We compare the signal with a simulation based on atmospheric emission theory, the detector bandpass, and the HWP leakage spectrum model. We find the ratio of the observed azimuthal slope to the simulated slope is 0.92 ± 0.01(stat) ± 0.07(sys). This ratio corresponds to a brightness temperature of 3.8 mK at the effective band center of 121.8 GHz and bandwidth of 3.5 GHz estimated from representative detector bandpass and the spectrum of Zeeman emission. This result validates our understanding of the instrument and reinforces the feasibility of measuring the circular polarization using the imperfection of continuously rotating HWP. Continuously rotating HWP is popular in ongoing and future cosmic microwave background experiments to modulate the polarized signal. This work shows a method for signal extraction and leakage subtraction that can help measure circular polarization in such experiments.
Probing Cosmology with 92 Localized Fast Radio Bursts and DESI BAO
Authors: Wang Yi-Ying , Gao Shi-Jie , Fan Yi-Zhong
Published: February 2025

Recent baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration, combined with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and type Ia supernovae observations, suggest a preference for dynamical dark energy (DDE) with w
0 > −1 and w

a
 < 0. Given the cosmological origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs), the combination of their dispersion measures (DMs) and host galaxy redshifts makes localized FRBs a valuable tool for probing cosmology. Using an updated sample of 92 localized FRBs, along with DESI BAO, PlantheonPlus, and CMB data, we constrain the dark energy (DE) equation of state (EoS) under the Chevallier–Polarski–Linder parameterization. We find that even without incorporating CMB data, DDE remains preferred with

w

0

=
−
0.85

5

−
0.084

+
0.084

and

w

a

=
−
1.17

4

−
0.491

+
0.462

at a confidence level of  ∼2.5σ. A joint analysis constrains these to be

w

0

=
−
0.78

4

−
0.064

+
0.064

and

w

a

=
−
0.87

2

−
0.278

+
0.269

, showing a discrepancy with ΛCDM at a  ∼3.1σ level. Furthermore, using localized FRBs alone, we estimate the Hubble constant H
0 to be

69.0

4

−
2.07

+
2.30

and

75.6

1

−
2.07

+
2.23

km

s

−
1

Mpc

−
1

, assuming the Galactic electron density models to be NE2001 and YMW16, respectively. Thus, accurate accounting of the Galactic DM is crucial for resolving the Hubble tension with FRBs. Future BAO measurements, next-generation CMB experiments, and more localized FRBs will further constrain the DE EoS and the cosmological parameters.
A new species of the rib-degenerated loach, genus Protocobitis (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae), from Guangxi, China
Authors: Qin Zhi-Xian , Liu Ye-Wei , Zhang Si-Yu , Shi Jing-Song , Du Li-Na , Zhou Jia-Jun
Published: February 2025

A new species of the genus Protocobitis is described based on morphological comparisons and molecular analyses from specimens of a subterranean tributary of the Hongshui River, Lingyun County, Baise City, and a cave in Jinya Township, Fengshan County, Hechi City, Guangxi, China. Both morphological and molecular data support the validity of Protocobitis longibarbasp. nov. The new species can be distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characteristics: whole body except for head and area between pectoral-fin and pelvic-fin origin sparsely covered with minute scales; barbels elongate; five or six branched pectoral-fin rays and four branched pelvic-fin rays; vertebrae 4+42. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian-inference phylogenetic trees exhibited congruent topological structures, exhibiting high node support for the monophyly of Protocobitis longibarba (BPP = 1; BS = 100), which was clustered with the other congeners.
Three new species of Batrisini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) from southeast Xizang, China
Authors: Zhang Yong-Qin , Yin Zi-Wei
Published: February 2025

Three new species of the ant-loving beetle tribe Batrisini, Reitter, 1882 (Pselaphinae: Batrisitae) from southeast Xizang, China are described: Arthromelodes lhunzensissp. nov., Tribasodites liangisp. nov., and Tribasodites yumaicussp. nov. Illustrations of the habitus and diagnostic features of these species are provided to aid identification. With these additions, the number of batrisine species known from Xizang increases to 83.
Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika V
Authors: Bezlaj France , Snoj Marko , Klemenčič Simona
Published: February 2025

Peta knjiga Etimološkega slovarja slovenskega jezika je zadnje poglavje projekta, ki ga je Fran Ramovš zastavil tik pred drugo svetovno vojno, ga po njej zapustil Francetu Bezlaju, ta pa 30 let kasneje svojim naslednikom. Kazala so nujni sestavni del vsakega etimološkega slovarja, saj ti šele tako postanejo zares uporabni. Kazala k Bezlajevemu Etimološkemu slovarju slovenskega jezika 1–4 (Ljubljana 1976–2005) so izdelana po principu izčrpnosti. To pomeni, da je praviloma vsaka beseda, ki se v slovarju navaja kot gradivo, v Kazalih navedena na ustreznem mestu v ustreznem sklopu, pri čemer en sklop praviloma predstavlja gradivo iz enega jezika.
La modernisation écologique au prisme du concept de communauté énergétique
Authors: Coblence Alena , Nessi Hélène
Published: February 2025

Cet article interroge le croisement de deux politiques distinctes de soutien au photovoltaïque (le modèle de tarif d’achat garanti et le modèle de l’économie de facture) avec les projets d’aménagement urbain. Ces politiques, représentatives de la modernisation écologique (me), visent à répondre aux défis environnementaux en augmentant la proportion des énergies renouvelables dans le mix énergétique, tout en maintenant l’objectif de croissance économique. Nous examinons l’idée que la politique basée sur le modèle de l’économie de facture représente une approche durable de la me si elle crée des communautés durables. En partant de l’hypothèse que ces communautés réajustent les relations et les pratiques de production et de consommation à l’échelle locale, nous questionnons la notion de durabilité et l’association positive souvent liée au concept de communauté énergétique. Nos résultats montrent que la mise en place du photovoltaïque (pv) in situ a favorisé la création de communautés énergétiques et que le modèle de l’économie de facture est plus favorable pour réajuster la production et la consommation locale d’électricité. Cependant, nos résultats soulignent que, malgré une anticipation de la gouvernance des installations pv à l’échelle du projet, dessinant une boucle de production-consommation distribuée, le critère de rentabilité, les compétences de l’État dans le régime de l’électricité, ainsi que les contextes opérationnels et socio-spatiaux propres à l’urbanisme jouent un rôle critique dans la réussite de l’approche durable de la me.
Pharmacological Significance of 1,2,3-Triazoles
Authors: Shaikh Mubarak Hanif , Nagargoje Amol A. , Pansare Dattatraya N. , Shingate Bapurao B.
Published: February 2025

Click chemistry is not a single specific reaction, but was meant to mimic nature, which also generates substances by joining small modular units. The 1,3-dipolar azide, alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction catalyzed by copper, as nearly quantitative and easy to execute has emerged as the leading example of “click chemistry”. Given the importance of the triazole scaffold in medicinal chemistry, its synthesis has attracted the attention of the drug discovery and development community. This book chapter will summarizes the major synthetic methods currently used for the preparation of triazole and pharmacological significance such as antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and many more properties will discussed. Furthermore, this book chapter will comprise the literature from 2020 to till date
Indazoles Chemistry and Biological Activities
Authors: Hatvate Navnath Tulshiram , Bagul Khushbu , Gour Nandini Anilsingh , Sonawane Kalyani S.
Published: February 2025

In organic and medicinal chemistry research, indazole is an essential nitrogen-containing heterocyclic unit that is also a helpful precursor molecule for the synthesis of several kinds of heterocycles. The diverse tautomeric forms and unique chemical properties make it a versatile scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Indazole's relevance in the pharmaceutical industry is underscored by its presence in currently marketed drugs and investigational compounds, highlighting its therapeutic potential. In addition, the present ring structure has already been explored for diverse biological activity, including anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-protozoal, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-oxidant, anti-convulsant, anti-depressant, anti-emetic, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, antihypertensive, and anti-arrhythmic properties. This chapter comprehensively reviews indazole's synthesis, properties, and biological applications, along with an update on recent patents and ongoing clinical trials.
Bioactive Five-Membered Heterocycles With Two Heteroatoms Fused With a Benzene Ring (a) Benzimidazole
Authors: Borpatra Paran Jyoti , Dutta Mintu Maan
Published: February 2025

Heterocyclic compounds play a crucial role in medicinal chemistry, serving as key components in the development of pharmacologically active molecules. The therapeutic promise of many synthesized drugs can be attributed to their heterocyclic scaffolds, wherein even minor modifications in the heterocyclic structure can significantly impact the drug's efficacy. Among these, benzimidazoles are particularly significant. These class of compounds comprises a combination of the aromatic benzene ring and an imidazole ring. A significant natural form of benzimidazole found in nature is N-ribosyl-dimethyl benzimidazole, which plays a crucial role in coordinating to the cobalt metal in vitamin B12. Extensive biochemical and pharmacological research has demonstrated that benzimidazoles are highly effective against various strains of microorganisms. Furthermore, they have exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihistamine, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antiviral activities.
Thiadiazoles
Authors: Nagendra G. , Akshitha D. N. , Lalithamba H. S. , Prashanth G. K.
Published: February 2025

Heterocycles containing nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur have been under investigation for a long time because of their important medicinal properties. The literature survey has described that thiadiazole moieties serve as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial activities, antihypertensive,anticancer, antituberculosis and vasodilator and this heterocyclic nucleus still possess considerable characteristics to attract the chemists for designing of newer biologically active molecules. Among them 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole and their derivatives are recognized as heterocyclic nuclei of great value in the field of medicinal chemistry. As a heterocyclic unit in a peptidomimetics might add conformational limitations to the structure, influencing the structure-activity-relationship. In this chapter, we are focusing on the synthetic strategies of 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole and their application in the industrial and biomedical fields.
Optimizing Research Techniques and Learning Strategies With Digital Technologies
Authors: Sharma Deepa
Published: February 2025

In today's era, the digital revolution is really about rebirth and reimagination. It's about using the enormous potential of digital technology to innovate, create, and solve problems that were not possible before. The Digital renaissance of work examines how digital technologies are transforming our lives and our jobs more often than we realize. In this study examined how businesses can generate significant value from their digital workplaces and found that others are lagging behind rapidly. Work is changing due to the flexibility and creativity that digital technologies provide. The digital ethic of “work as freedom” is replacing the old ethic of work as agony. Managing the digital workplace is a new position. It involves more than just technology; it also involves understanding employee demands and business constraints in order to correctly create a variety of new digital solutions that will address issues and deliver value to the company.
AI in Social Worker Recruitment and Training for Bullying Intervention
Authors: Maota Yvonne-Yvette , Maota Tshepo
Published: February 2025

Bullying in South African schools is a pervasive issue that requires comprehensive intervention strategies. This study explores the potential role of AI-powered technologies in enhancing the recruitment and training of social workers for school-based bullying intervention programs. The study examines the current state of social work practices in South Africa, identifying technological gaps and opportunities for AI-driven solutions. While various sectors have increasingly adopted AI, its integration into South African social work practices remains limited, according to the findings. We provide recommendations to policymakers, social work educators, and technology developers to bridge the identified gaps and utilize AI to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of school-based bullying intervention programs.
Analysis of Implications of Sustainable Management on Some Environmental Issues in Governance
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , González-Ávila Francisco J. , Vargas-González Omar C.
Published: February 2025

This study intends to analyze some of the implications that sustainable management have on diverse environmental issues of governance. It is assumed the sustainable management issues have to match with transformative sustainable management governance leading to the reason for continuity and transformation issues and movements of identity on research sustainability. The method used is the meta-analysis and reflective on sustainability management based on a conceptual, theoretical and empirical literature review. It is concluded that the sustainability management issues are relevant in the formation of sustainability management governance.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Management Human Resources (HRM) 2.0
Authors: Lase Delipiter , Waruwu Eliyunus
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores how integrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into Human Resource Management 2.0 (HRM 2.0) benefits businesses by enhancing employee satisfaction, reputation, sustainability, and innovation. Case studies from companies like Unilever, Microsoft, and Google show positive outcomes, such as higher retention rates and reduced risks, achieved through advanced technologies and CSR practices. Though challenges like cost and resistance exist, strategic management and collaboration with external partners help overcome them. The chapter recommends further research on the intersection of technology, CSR, and HRM for sustainable growth.
Employee Engagement
Authors: Naidoo Vannie
Published: February 2025

Employees are essential to the success and sustainability of any organization. They are the drivers of strategic actions that are outlined by the executive management team of the organization. However, employees' sense of self is important and how they feel towards their job can be a clear indicator of their level of performance of their duties and responsibilities. The employee's motivation is another crucial component that can enhance their commitment to the organization. Employees must be treated with respect and understanding. This emotional connection and commitment would translate into employees caring about their job and organization, as they do not perform their duties either for just the salary they earn, as it goes beyond this. Engaged employees carry out their duties and responsibilities in order to achieve the organization's goals because they care about the organization. There is a trust and bond that exists between the employee and his organization, if there is good employee engagement then the bond of trust is strengthened leading to high levels of productivity.
Leveraging Big Data Analysis for Sustaining and Improving Employee Retention
Authors: Marumolwa Lethogonolo , Maota Tshepo
Published: February 2025

This research explores how big data analysis can enhance employee retention by offering insights into behaviour, engagement, and preferences. It proposes a framework that integrates data-driven strategies, ethical guidelines, and organisational culture. By utilising this approach, organisations can create tailored retention strategies while safeguarding privacy and trust. Future research should examine industry-specific impacts, leadership's role, and the long-term effects of data-driven retention on performance.
The Relationship Between Talent Development Analytics and Performance of State Universities in Zimbabwe
Authors: Muchowe Regis Misheal , Mubango Hazel
Published: February 2025

Talent development analytics is a relatively new concept, so more studies have been needed on the topic The few existing studies have focused on various contexts, such as mining, travel, and SMEs, and they have excluded the university context. However, universities drive the world economy by contributing through research, innovation, and industrialization. The objectives of this study will be to determine the relationship between performance and the four dimensions of talent development analytics: recruitment, training, reward, and performance management analytics. The study population was Women's University in Africa and Zimbabwe Open University staff which was 850. A sample size of 265 was utilized for this study. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was distributed to respondents through Google Forms. SPSS version 30.0 was used for data analysis because the tool is efficient and effective for quantitative data analysis. The study emphasizes the use of talent development analytics to attain competitive advantage.
Green Human Resource Management, Employee Motivation, and Organizational Performance
Authors: Lahmidi Wiam , Youssef Jouali
Published: February 2025

This study explores the influence of Green Management practices on organizational behavior, focusing on their impact on employee motivation and performance. The purpose is to provide insights into how these practices, including sustainability programs and Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), foster employee engagement and contribute to organizational sustainability. A narrative methodology is adopted for the literature review, enabling a broad exploration of existing research without the constraints of systematic methods. Findings indicate that Green Management enhances organizational performance by aligning employee values with environmental goals, thereby increasing intrinsic motivation and productivity. Additionally, integrating green practices improves company competitiveness, cost reduction, and product quality. This study contributes to the academic discourse on sustainable development and organizational behavior by highlighting Green Management's role in shaping employee behavior and corporate success.
Environmentally Friendly Innovations, Organizational Behavior, and Culture
Authors: Atalay Havva Nur , Tekinyer Sultan
Published: February 2025

This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to explore the impact of environmentally friendly innovations on organizational behavior and culture. Utilizing data from the Web of Science, a total of 1,268 publications were analyzed to examine trends, citations, author networks, and keyword usage. Key findings reveal that the most cited authors include Rupert J. Baumgartner and Ayham A. M. Jaaron, while the top countries in citations are the United States, China, and the United Kingdom. The most frequently used keywords are “sustainability,” “organizational culture,” and “sustainable development.” Additionally, the analysis indicates a steady increase in relevant studies, with 2023 showing the highest number of publications. The study highlights the importance of these innovations in shaping organizational dynamics and emphasizes the need for organizations to adapt sustainability strategies based on these insights. Overall, the research provides a comprehensive understanding of the existing literature, guiding future investigations and practices in this field.
Destined to Deter
Authors: Ivanov Iskren
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this chapter is to study how nuclear deterrence impacts the U.S. Foreign Policy in contested regions where Washington faces nuclear-armed strategic adversaries. In this chapter, I argue that nuclear weapons have four strategic effects that are essential to the foreign policy decision-making of Nuclear Weapons States. Although the consensus that states are rational actors still applies, war has changed its nature, and so does deterrence, resulting in three different types of security dilemmas for Washington.
Analysis of the Bearing Capacity of Group Pile Foundations with the Vesic Method
Authors: Dewi Anggi Purnama Sari , Sutabri Tata
Published: February 2025

This study focuses experimentally on the bearing capacity of group pile foundations used in the Palembang Health Polytechnic Dental Nursing Lecture Building, considering that this type of foundation is able to support a large enough load. To determine the efficiency of the bearing capacity of pile foundations, calculations were made based on N-SPT data using the Vesic 1977 method and exsisting. The study was conducted at the PC-9A point at the Palembang Health Polytechnic Dental Nursing Building using variations in diameter Ø30, Ø40, Ø50, Ø60, 35 x 35, 40 x 40, and 45 x 45 at depths of 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 m, with a fixed concrete quality of K-500. The results of the calculation of the bearing capacity of the group pile found ation, on PC-9A in Vesic 1977 amounted to 2761.576 kN and used vesic 1977 amounted to 2763.28 kN with a difference of 23%. The largest foundation bearing capacity is located at 40 x 40 dimensions with a bearing capacity of 3698.97 kN, while the smallest foundation bearing capacity is located at 30 diameters with a bearing capacity of 2784.84 kN. The results of the calculation of variations on the efficient PC-9A are Ø30 depth 12 m with a volume of 7.6302 m, Ø30 depth 14 m with a volume of 3.9564 m3, Ø40 depth 12 m with a volume of 7.6302 m3, Ø40 depth 13 m with a volume of 3.6738 m3, 35 x 35 depth 13 m with a volume of 6.370 m3, 40 x 40 depth 13 m with a volume of 8.30 m3 with a bearing capacity of 3698.97 kN.
Environment Effects of Refined Palm Oil (RPO) on Concrete Mixes
Authors: Sipayung Satria Masdoni , Kurniawandy Alex , Ikhsan Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Nowadays the construction of palm oil industry mills is advancing rapidly and the next one is Refined Palm Oil (RPO). Refined Palm Oil (RPO) is one of the derivatives of palm oil processing. One option to use structures in the construction of palm oil mills is to use concrete. Plant parts that have concrete components often suffer damage, cracks and reduced concrete strength.This study is intended to examine the mechanical properties of concrete including compressive strength, flexural strength and porosity in concrete in the RPO environment, examining changes in the weight of coarse and fine aggregates immersed in RPO. This study used concrete experiments in RPO baths with 3 combinations, 54 samples and 2 types of concrete plan life, then analyzed in the laboratory. The parameters measured are changes in aggregate weight, porosity, bending strength and compressive strength of concrete. The results showed that the higher the percentage of RPO immersed in concrete, the lower the compressive strength, bending strength and porosity of the concrete. Fine aggregate undergoes weight change when immersed in RPO for 28 and 56 days, while coarse aggregate undergoes no weight change
Ultrasound vs. x-ray: a new way for clinicians to track scoliosis progression?
Authors: Pjanić Samra , Talić Goran , Jevtić Nikola , Golić Filip , Soldatović Ivan , Chockalingam Nachiappan
Published: February 2025

This retrospective study, utilising prospectively collected data, investigates the use of spine ultrasound as an alternative method for assessing scoliosis, with the aim of reducing radiation exposure. We included 92 patients aged 10 to 16 years with suspected idiopathic scoliosis. Exclusion criteria were weight over 150 kg, metal implants, pre-existing conditions, secondary deformities, and cognitive impairments. Each patient underwent clinical assessment and full spine radiographs, followed by spine ultrasound using the Scolioscan® system. Unprocessed B-mode ultrasound images were analysed using automatic measurements. The correlation between Ultrasound Coronal Angle (UCA) and Radiographic Cobb Angle (RCA) was evaluated at initial and follow-up visits. Strong correlations were found between UCA and RCA, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.786 to 0.903 (p < 0.001). The regression formula showed good predictive accuracy for curve progression on follow-up radiographs. The best results were observed in females and in primary thoracic curves (r = 0.936, p < 0.001). Although only four patients exhibited true progression (≥5° increase in Cobb angle), changes in scoliotic angles were effectively detected using ultrasound. This study confirms the feasibility of unprocessed spine ultrasound for scoliosis monitoring in clinical settings. Automatic measurements without 3D reconstruction make ultrasound a practical tool for tracking progression. The regression model shows potential for predicting curve progression, although further validation is needed. These findings suggest spine ultrasound could reduce the need for radiographs, benefiting patients by minimising radiation exposure while providing reliable monitoring of scoliosis progression and treatment outcomes.
Influence of socioprofessional determinants on teachers’ mental well-being
Authors: Mahfoudh Aouatef , Bakhrouf Ahlem , Rassas Ines , Ammar Hajer , Bouzgarrou Lamia , Omrane Amira , Henchi Adnene , Akrout Mohamed , Khalfallah Taoufik
Published: February 2025

Aims. To assess the influence of socio-professional factors on mental health of teachers at primary and secondary schools.Materials and Methods. It's a cross-sectional study, lasted 3 months of the year 2014. This study involved a representative sample of teachers working in public schools. Data collection was based on a survey sheet prepared beforehand and describing socio-demographic and occupational characteristics of the participants. Mental health was assessed by the GHQ 30 score in its validated version in Arabic.Results. Study population was composed of 255 teachers with a participation rate of 78.43%. This population was characterized by a slight female predominance (57.5%) with a sex ratio of 0.73. The mean age was 43.54 $ 8.9 years. Of the responding teachers, 17% felt that their profession was poorly perceived by the society. More than half of participants were satisfied with their profession (68.8%). Relational constraints with parents were reported by 50.5% of teachers. Seventy-one teachers reported having problem of indiscipline in class. The mean GHQ score was 7.21 $ 6.24. Teachers' psychological health deterioration was significantly correlated with smoking (p = 0.03, OR = 0.2, IC = [0.05-0.91) , pathological antecedents (p = 0.02, OR = 3.6, IC = [1.1-10]), feeling guilty toward pupils passivity (p = 0.01, OR = 3.8, IC = [1.3-10J), to professional seniority (p = 0.008, OR = 0.2, IC = [0.06-0.6], to the image referred back by the society (p = 0.005, OR = 4.9, IC = [1.6-15]), to emotional exhaustion and personal satisfaction (p = 0.00, OR = 12.7, 1C = [3.4-47] ).Conclusion. Acting on these factors through a collective preventive approach headed by the Ministry of Education is necessary to reduce the rate of psychological distress among teachers and therefore improve the quality of teaching.
Development and evaluation of the Digit Triplet Test in Swahili language
Authors: Rosendahl Bjørn G. , Tronstad Tron V. , Øygarden Jon
Published: February 2025

Background: The development of a Digit Triplet Test in the Swahili language is an essential step towards providing accurate hearing assessment for Swahili-speaking populations.Objectives: This study aimed to develop a Digit Triplet Test in Swahili through a two-part procedure consisting of an optimisation phase and an evaluation phase using normal hearing participants.Method: A total of 34 subjects participated in the study. During the optimisation phase, a psychometric intelligibility function was determined for each recorded digit, allowing for volume adjustments to standardise the threshold across all digits. This resulted in a lower threshold and a steeper psychometric function for both the triplets and the test lists. Using the optimised speech material, four test lists were created, each containing 27 triplets composed of digits between 1 and 9. The finalised material was then evaluated.Results: In the final version, the mean Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) for the participants was −8.9 ± 0.6 dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and the mean slope was 24.7 ± 3.5%/dB using triplet scoring.Conclusion: The psychometric function for normal listeners shows a steep slope with little variation between subjects and across test lists.Contribution: The test results are comparable to those of Digit Triplet Tests developed in other languages, indicating the effectiveness and reliability of the Swahili Digit Triplet Test for hearing assessments.
Menstrual Hygiene Management and Reproductive Morbidity among Women Tea Plantation Workers in Wayanad District, Kerala, India
Authors: Alifia Puthupparambil S. , Francis Paul T. , Mini Malathi , Olickal Jeby J. , Thankappan Kavumpurathu R.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

There is a lack of studies focusing on menstrual hygiene management in the workplace, particularly in the informal sector where such facilities are insufficient or even absent. This study investigated menstrual hygiene management and reproductive health issues among women tea plantation workers.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional community-based study was undertaken, involving 330 women tea plantation workers aged 18–49 years; they were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Information on menstrual hygiene management and reproductive morbidity was collected using a validated questionnaire. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with menstrual hygiene management.

Results:

Among the women tea plantation workers, 42.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37.0–47.9) maintained satisfactory menstrual hygiene management. Of the participants, 16.1% reported at least one reproductive morbidity, 10.6% struggled to afford menstrual products every month, and 9.6% did not have access to proper toilet and washing facilities. Women belonging to Christian and Muslim religions (adjusted odd ratio [AOR]: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.22–3.36), those belonging to nuclear families (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.04–2.53), those with primary education and above (AOR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.19–2.98), those with the piped water supply at home (AOR: 3.22; 95% CI: 1.92–5.38), and those with toilet facilities available in house (AOR: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.53–4.75) were more likely to maintain satisfactory menstrual hygiene management compared to their counterparts.

Conclusion:

More than half of the tea plantation workers’ menstrual hygiene management was not satisfactory. Efforts to improve menstrual hygiene practices in this population should prioritize education as well as the provision of piped water supply and toilet facilities.
Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) during Facility-based Childbirth: A Cross-Sectional Study among Postnatal Mothers in a Tertiary Health Care Facility in Kolkata
Authors: Sikdar Sangram , Saha Ripan , Naskar Somnath , Chakrabarti Sreetama , Chakrabarti Soma , Basu Mausumi
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Few studies have been conducted regarding Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) globally which revealed prevalence of disrespect and abuse during labor ranged from 15% in Tanzania to 90% in Nigeria and Peru. However, there is a dearth of study in this part of India regarding RMC.

Objectives:

To assess the status of RMC during facility-based childbirth among postnatal mothers in a tertiary health care facility in Kolkata and to determine the factors associated with RMC among them.

Materials and Methods:

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 postnatal mothers in a tertiary care health facility in Kolkata using a predesigned, pretested structured schedule.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.

Results:

About 62.4% of the study population said to have got RMC and the rest 37.6% faced at least one form of disrespect and abuse. Significant associations were found between RMC and individual factors like age, caste, education, qualification, duration of marriage, number of family members, and per capita family income.

Conclusion:

The provision of RMC is a behavioral change issue in India where some progress has been made. However, much work still needs to be done in this respect. Women’s experiences with maternity providers can empower and comfort the mothers or may cause long-lasting emotional trauma and damage.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Recreational Cyclists
Authors: Shah Manali K. , Sheth Megha S. , Desai Ruchi
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Need of Study:

Recreational cycling has been popular in India for a decade, so the number of patients presenting with musculoskeletal problems has also increased. There are only a few studies available focusing on finding musculoskeletal problems occurring in recreational cyclists in India. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomforts (MSDs) in recreational cyclists.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey of 110 recreational cyclists aged 18 years or more, for cycling at least 100 km/month and for 6 months or more from various cycling clubs and the community of Ahmedabad city was performed in this study using convenience sampling. Included subjects were interviewed personally by the team of trained physiotherapists and a questionnaire was filled. A descriptive analysis was conducted.

Result:

A total of 110 participants (84 males and 26 females) were interviewed for the survey. Their mean cycling duration, frequency, and volume were 41.1 ± 34.6 months, 2.3 ± 1.5 days/week, and 257.2 ± 252.5 km/month respectively. A total of 49.1% of cyclists reported the presence of MSDs, 62.9% reported the presence of pain at one anatomical site, and 37.1% reported pain at more than one site during cycling. The most common anatomical sites for MSD during cycling were knee (21.8%) followed by lower back (13.6%), upper back (9.1%), leg (8.2%), neck (7.3%), elbow (4.5%), and shoulder (3.6%). A total of 32.7% of cyclists reported discomfort persists even after cycling and about 10% reported that the above pain affects their day-to-day activities.

Conclusion and Clinical Implications:

This study found that MSDs are common in recreational cyclists, with knee and lower back most commonly involved. This data could provide the evidence required to find risk factors responsible for MSDs in cyclists and develop injury prevention and treatment plans for common MSDs seen in recreational cyclists.
Double Skin Paddle Latissimus Dorsi Flap Cover for Large Complex Thoracic Wall Defect: A Case Report
Authors: Venkateswar Pavan , Khurram Mohammed F. , Prakash Om , Sudhy Indrajith K.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Reconstruction of complex chest wall defects is often challenging for plastic surgeons as it demands both framework repair and stable soft tissue cover to protect internal organs. There are many synthetic and autologous options for skeletal reconstruction, and latissimus dorsi (LD) is the workhorse flap for soft tissue reconstruction. However, for larger chest wall defects, the availability of a skin paddle in the LD flap is a problem. Multiple modifications of skin harvest methods have been reported to overcome this problem. One of them is the kiss flap or double skin paddle technique, which is widely reported in the reconstruction of breasts, but has limited evidence of its use in chest wall defects. We present a case of composite anterior chest wall defect, which is covered by polypropylene mesh and a double skin paddle LD flap.
Primary orbital neuroblastoma: Case report and literature review
Authors: Gupta Chhavi , Saboo Surbhi , Gandhi Arpan , Das Sima
Published: February 2025

Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, typically originates in the adrenal glands but can occasionally present as primary orbital neuroblastoma. This rare condition, arising from the ciliary ganglion, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report a case of primary orbital neuroblastoma in a 2.5-year-old female with progressive, painless swelling of the right lower eyelid. Clinical examination showed mild proptosis and a firm lower lid mass. Imaging and histopathology confirmed neuroblastoma, with no other primary sites identified, indicating primary orbital neuroblastoma. The patient responded well to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A review of the literature revealed only 12 previously reported cases. This malignancy often presents with ocular symptoms and lacks a primary site elsewhere. Diagnosis relies on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Due to its rarity, there are no standardized treatment protocols, necessitating individualized, multidisciplinary management and long-term follow-up to improve outcomes and understand prognosis.
Balancing Efficiency and Equity: Ethical Considerations for Automation in Urban Planning
Authors: Raisinghani Abhishek , Mehta Vandit
Published: February 2025

The integration of automation into urban planning introduces a complex dynamic where efficiency often clashes with equity, especially for marginalized communities. This necessitates a delicate balance between these two aspects. This article investigates the ethical principles and equity considerations in urban planning decisions, revealing a historical and contemporary bias towards efficiency, marginalizing certain groups. Automation, while beneficial in sectors like transportation, land use, and infrastructure, can perpetuate existing inequities and pose ethical challenges such as algorithmic bias and data privacy concerns. The article explores the impacts of automation on plan execution and monitoring, highlighting the need for current best practices to address these challenges. It provides an overview of automation in urban planning and calls for continuous research, collaboration, and improvement to ensure efficiency and equity are mutually reinforced.
Oscillating and nonsummable Radon–Nikodym cocycles along the forward geodesic of measure-class-preserving transformations
Authors: Bell Sasha , Chu Tasmin , Rodgers Owen
Published: February 2025

We consider the least-deletion map on the Cantor space, namely the map that changes the first 

1

in a binary sequence to 

0

, and construct product measures on

2^{\mathbb{N}}

so that the corresponding Radon–Nikodym cocycles oscillate or converge to zero nonsummably along the forward geodesic of the map. These examples answer two questions of Tserunyan and Tucker-Drob. We analyse the oscillating example in terms of random walks on 

\mathbb{Z}

, using the Chung–Fuchs theorem.
A low preoperative platelet-to-white blood cell ratio is associated with acute kidney injury following cerebral aneurysm treatment in South Korea
Authors: Lim Seung-Woon , Jo Woo-Young , Park Hee-Pyoung
Published: February 2025

Background: Inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). We investigated whether preoperative platelet-to-white blood cell ratio (PWR), a novel serum biomarker of systemic inflammation, was associated with postoperative AKI following cerebral aneurysm treatment. We also compared the discrimination power of preoperative PWR with those of other preoperative systemic inflammatory indices in predicting postoperative AKI.Methods: Perioperative data including preoperative systemic inflammatory indices and cerebral aneurysm-related variables were retrospectively analyzed in 4,429 cerebral aneurysm patients undergoing surgical clipping or endovascular coiling. Based on the cutoff value of preoperative PWR, patients were divided into the high PWR (≥39.04, n=1,924) and low PWR (<39.04, n=2,505) groups. After propensity score matching (PSM), 1,168 patients in each group were included in the data analysis. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines.Results: Postoperative AKI occurred more frequently in the low PWR group than in the high PWR group before PSM (45 [1.8%] vs. 7 [0.4%], P<0.001) and after (17 [1.5%] vs. 5 [0.4%], P=0.016). A low preoperative PWR was predictive of postoperative AKI before PSM (odds ratio [95% CI], 3.93 [1.74–8.87]; P<0.001) and after (3.44 [1.26–9.34], P=0.016). Preoperative PWR showed the highest area under the curve for postoperative AKI (0.713 [0.644–0.782], P<0.001), followed by preoperative platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (0.694 [0.619–0.769], P<0.001), neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (0.671 [0.592–0.750], P<0.001), white blood cell-to-hemoglobin ratio (0.665 [0.579–0.750], P<0.001), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (0.648 [0.569–0.728], P<0.001), and systemic inflammatory index (0.615 [0.532–0.698], P=0.004).Conclusions: A low preoperative PWR was associated with postoperative AKI following cerebral aneurysm treatment.
World Literature in Textbooks in the Japanese Education System
Authors: Oku Ayako
Published: February 2025

The article analyses the historical development and current status of foreign and Japanese literature in Japanese language textbooks in the Japanese education system, focusing on the decreasing inclusion of world literature content. After the World War II reforms, a licensing system was introduced that allowed private publishers to publish textbooks that conformed to curriculum guidelines. These guidelines were revised several times, changing the content of textbooks and educational priorities over the decades. The early Japanese textbooks of the post-war period notably contained foreign literature from the canon of world literature, reflecting Japan’s desire to reconnect with the global community. However, as the curriculum evolved, the proportion of foreign literature content gradually declined, dropping from over 20% in the early post-war period to less than 3% in the latest guidelines. Today, the Japanese high school curriculum has further reduced the study of literature, with compulsory subjects focusing on language skills rather than the study of literature. Notably, the inclusion of authors who write mainly in Japanese but have an international background has replaced traditional foreign literature in today’s textbooks, and presents Japan’s cultural diversity within the Japanese literary scene. The responsibility for teaching world literature is increasingly falling to universities, where a more comprehensive humanities curriculum can provide Japanese students with a broader global perspective on literature and knowledge of world literature.