bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological and phylogenetic study of the Western Atlantic Crepidula plana complex (Caenogastropoda, Calyptraeidae), with description of three new species from Brazil
Authors: SIMONE LUIZ RICARDO L.
Published: January 2019

A detailed morphological study was performed in the following species of Crepidula: 1) C. margarita new species from Venezuela; 2) C. plana Say, 1822; 3) C. atrasolea Collin, 2000; 4) C. depressa Say, 1822, from Florida, USA; 5) C. pyguaia, new species from Santa Catarina coast, Brazil; 6) C. carioca, new species from Rio de Janeiro coast, Brazil. Additionally, five other species anatomically studied in Simone (2002) were also included: 7) C. argentina Simone, Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 2000, from Argentina; 8) C. glauca Say, 1822, from Venezuela; 9) C. fornicata (Linné, 1758), from Mediterranean and Florida; 10) C. protea Orbigny, from S.E. Brazil; 11) C. aff. plana, here described as C. intratesta new species, from S.E. Brazil; 12) C. cachimilla Cledón Simone & Penchaszadeh, 2004, from Patagonia. The 46 characters (106 states) for these species were phylogenetically analyzed and a single cladogram was obtained (length: 93, CI: 65; RI: 64) as follows: (Crepidula cachimilla (C. argentina ((C. carioca C. pyguaia) ((C. fornicata (C. intratesta C. protea)) ((C. glauca C. margarita) (C. plana (C. atrasolea C. depressa))))))). Two outgroups were used: Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791), which most authors consider a Crepidula (operationally analyzed as part of the ingroup), and the remaining calyptraeoideans studied by the author. The monophyly of the ingroup is confirmed, supported by 25 morphological synapomorphies. Although the ingroup is fully resolved, no clades are formally named, because the phylogeny is still considered provisional. Most studied species belong to an informal group called “Crepidula plana-complex”, but it is not monophyletic, since C. fornicata, which does not belong to this complex, is part of the ingroup. This study demonstrates that detailed morphological data are useful in phylogenetic studies even at the level of closely related/sibling species, resulting in cladogram with good resolution and a good number of shared, analyzable characters. A biogeographic analysis is also performed considering the distribution of each species under the light of the obtained cladogram, a clear ascension from south to north is the main pattern of the evolutionary history of these species. Further comments on the systematics of Crepidula aplysioides Reeve and C. convexa Say is also performed.
Diversity and distribution of fiddler crabs (Brachyura: Ocypodidae: Uca) from China, with new records from Hainan Island in the South China Sea
Authors: SHIH HSI-TE , NG PETER K. L. , FANG SHOU-HUA , CHAN BENNY K. K. , WONG KINGSLEY J. H.
Published: January 2019

The fiddler crab fauna (Brachyura: Ocypodidae: Uca) of China is reviewed. Thirteen species are recognised here, viz. Uca acuta (Stimpson, 1858), U. annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), U. arcuata (De Haan, 1835), U. borealis Crane, 1975, U. coarctata (H. Milne Edwards, 1852), U. crassipes (Adams & White, 1848), U. dussumieri (H. Milne Edwards, 1852), U. lactea (De Haan, 1835), U. paradussumieri Bott, 1973, U. tetragonon (Herbst, 1790), U. triangularis (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873), U. typhoni Crane, 1975, and U. vocans (Linnaeus, 1758). Two females of U. typhoni collected from southern Hainan Island represent the first record of this species from China and East Asia. Two males of U. tetragonon collected from southern Hainan also represent a new record for China. The Uca fauna of southern Hainan is biogeographically distinct being different from those of northern Hainan and continental China, with U. annulipes, U. tetragonon, U. typhoni, and U. vocans common in Southeast Asia. In addition, continental China also lacks some insular species such as U. coarctata, U. formosensis Rathbun, 1921, U. jocelynae Shih, Naruse & Ng, 2010, U. perplexa (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), and U. tetragonon which are common in the East Asian islands of Taiwan and the Ryukyus.
Review of the genus Leptocysta Stål with descriptions of two new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Argentina
Authors: MONTEMAYOR SARA I.
Published: January 2019

Two new species of Leptocysta are described from Argentina, L. dellapei n. sp. and L. delrioae n. sp. An updated key to species is provided together with illustrations of the diagnostic characters, habitus photographs and new distributional records for Argentina.
New records and new species of the munidopsine squat lobsters (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheidae: Munidopsinae) from Australia
Authors: TAYLOR JOANNE , AHYONG SHANE T. , ANDREAKIS NIKOS
Published: January 2019

Nine species of Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1784, and one species of Galacantha A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Galatheidae) are reported from the continental shelf of Australia. Two species are new to science, M. comarge sp. nov. and M. vesper sp. nov. Munidopsis vesper is presently known only from Western Australia, but M. comarge ranges from Western Australia to New Zealand. Six species are reported for the first time from Australian waters, G. subspinosa Macpherson, 2007, M. andamanica MacGilchrist, 1905, M. crenatirostris Baba, 1988, M. hirsutissima Balss, 1913, M. levis (Alcock & Anderson, 1894) and M. nitida (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880). A range extension within Australia is reported for M. dasypus Alcock, 1894 and M. kensleyi Ahyong & Poore, 2004. These new records expand the number of Munidopsis species previously recorded from Australian waters from 15 to 22 and the number of Galacantha species from three to four. A key and illustrated guide to the species now known from Australia is provided.
A new species of Dendrophryniscus (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae) from the Atlantic Rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil
Authors: RECODER RENATO SOUSA , JUNIOR MAURO TEIXEIRA , CASSIMIRO JOSÉ , CAMACHO AGUSTÍN , RODRIGUES MIGUEL TREFAUT
Published: January 2019

A new species of the tree toad genus Dendrophryniscus is described from a rainforest habitat at Parque Nacional de Serra das Lontras, municipality of Arataca, southern Bahia, Brazil. Dendrophryniscus oreites sp. nov. is related to the Atlantic forest brevipollicatus group by hand morphology, skin texture, ventral coloration and bromelicolous habits. The new species differs from related species by having a larger size, warty skin, inner finger reduced with presence of a dark nuptial pad in males, and a yellowish coloration with discrete dorsal pattern. This discovery highlights the importance of southern Bahia in terms of conservation, and for our understanding of the evolution of the frog diversity within the Atlantic Rainforest.
Designation of Synalpheus pectiniger Coutiere, 1907 as a nomen protectum and its senior synonym Alpheus praecox Herrick, 1888 as a nomen oblitum (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae)
Authors: DE GRAVE SAMMY , ANKER ARTHUR
Published: January 2019

Alpheus praecox Herrick, 1888, previously regarded as nomen nudum, nomen dubium or a possible senior synonym of Synalpheus brevicarpus (Herrick, 1891), is shown to be a senior synonym of Synalpheus pectiniger Coutière, 1909. However, because A. praecox has not been used as a valid name since 1899, whereas S. pectiniger on the other hand appeared as valid species in at least 29 publications signed by numerous authors, A. praecox is herewith designated nomen oblitum, with S. pectiniger becoming nomen protectum.
A second Scirtothrips species with a hind-femoral comb in males (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A.
Published: January 2019

Amongst the 100 described species worldwide of the genus Scirtothrips, the South African Citrus Thrips, S. aurantii Faure, has been considered unique because the males possess a comb of stout setae on the hind femora (Hoddle & Mound, 2003). A new species that shares this character state is described here from Cedrus (Pinaceae) in Kenya, although no information is available for either species concerning the functional significance of this comb.
Scale insect fauna (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of New Zealand’s pygmy mistletoes (Korthalsella: Viscaceae) with description of three new species: Leucaspis albotecta, L. trilobata (Diaspididae) and Eriococcus korthalsellae (Eriococcidae)
Authors: HENDERSON ROSA C. , SULTAN AMIR , ROBERTSON ALASTAIR W.
Published: January 2019

The scale insect fauna recorded on the pigmy mistletoe genus Korthalsella (Viscaceae) and New Zealand’s loranthaceous mistletoes is reviewed. Three new species from New Zealand discovered on Korthalsella species during this study are described: the adult female, 2nd-instar male and female nymphs of two pupillarial species Leucaspis albotecta sp. nov. and Leucaspis trilobata sp. nov. (Diaspididae); and the adult female, 2nd-instar male and female nymphs and 1st-instar nymph of Eriococcus korthalsellae sp. nov. (Eriococcidae). A distribution map is provided for the three new species. We report the first records of adventive (exotic) scale insects on Korthalsella species in New Zealand – Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, soft brown scale, Saissetia coffeae (Walker), hemispherical scale, S. oleae (Olivier), black scale (Coccidae), and Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, oleander scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), latania scale, H. rapax (Comstock), greedy scale (Diaspididae), while three native scale insects are also first records: Kalasiris perforata (Maskell) (Coccidae), Eriococcus pallidus Maskell (Eriococcidae) and Paracoccus glaucus (Maskell) (Pseudococcidae). Ten scale insect species are listed for New Zealand’s loranthaceous mistletoes.
Taxonomic and bionomic notes on the white spot assassin bug Platymeris biguttatus (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Reduviinae)
Authors: LI HU , ZHAO GUANGYU , CAO LIANGMING , XU KANG , CAI WANZHI
Published: January 2019

The white spot assassin bug Platymeris biguttatus, a large African species is redescribed, along with male genitalia. Some biological notes on life history, nymphal instars, predatory behavior, oviposition, emergence and colonization, etc. based on laboratory rearing and observations are provided.
A new species of Mymar (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from the Palaearctic region, with nomenclatural changes in the genus
Authors: DONEV ATANAS D. , TRIAPITSYN SERGUEI V.
Published: January 2019

A new species of Mymar Curtis (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), M. ramym Donev & Triapitsyn sp. n., is described from Bulgaria and Kyrgyzstan. Information is provided on the previously unknown male of M. maritimum Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy. The Nearctic species M. cincinnati Girault syn. n. is synonymized under M. venustum Girault rev. stat., which is removed from the previous synonymy under M. pulchellum Curtis.
A new Chersodromia Walker (Diptera: Hybotidae) from shore of the Sea of Azov (Russia)
Authors: GROOTAERT PATRICK , SHAMSHEV IGOR
Published: January 2019

Chersodromia isabellae sp. nov. is described from a sandy beach on the Taman' Peninsula (Krasnodar Territory, Russia). It is closely related to C. nigrosetosa Chvála, 1970 but differs from the latter in having a dorsoapical stylus on a rounded postpedicel and the fore tarsus with tarsomeres 2–5 widened and black. It also resembles C. bureschi Beschovski, 1973 in which only tarsomeres 4 and 5 on the foreleg are black and the male genitalia are slightly different. A key is given for the eight species known from Black Sea and Sea of Azov.
Identification and molecular phylogeny of agriculturally important spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, with an emphasis on Tetranychus
Authors: LI GUO-QING , XUE XIAO-FENG , ZHANG KAI-JUN , HONG XIAO-YUE
Published: January 2019

Tetranychid mites are serious agricultural pests. Identification of species in the Tetranychidae is hampered by their close morphological similarities, especially for species within the genus Tetranychus. In this study, we examined the relationships of nine agriculturally important species in the Tetranychidae from China based on mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 of ribosomal RNA gene) sequences. The results confirm the monophyly of the morphologically defined Tetranychus, Panonychus, Amphitetranychus and Petrobia. However the position of Amphitetranychus viennensis within the Tetranychidae needs to be confirmed. The genetic distances between Tetranychus truncatus, T. turkestani and T. urticae that their taxonomy needs revision. In particular, both cytochrome oxidase 1 and the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 of rDNA sequences showed large geographical differences within T. cinnabarinus, suggesting the existence of cryptic species within this species.
A new species of Valgothrombium Willmann, 1940, with additional taxonomic data for Valgothrombiinae genera known as larvae (Acari: Prostigmata: Microtrombidiidae)
Authors: MĄKOL JOANNA , ŁAYDANOWICZ JOANNA
Published: January 2019

Valgothrombium mariae sp. nov. is described based on larvae collected in Norway. The generic diagnosis for larvae of Valgothrombium is modified and the taxonomy of Valgothrombiinae genera known as larvae discussed. Boletitrombium Saboori, Ueckermann & van Harten, 2007 is considered a junior synonym of Valgothrombium. Genera currently assigned to Valgothrombiinae and species belonging to genera known as larvae are listed. A key to world species of Valgothrombiinae known from larvae is provided.
A phylogenetic analysis of Neotoma varia (Rodentia: Cricetidae), a rediscovered, endemic, and threatened rodent from Datil Island, Sonora, Mexico
Authors: ÁLVAREZ-CASTAÑEDA SERGIO TICUL , RIOS EVELYN
Published: January 2019

The systematics of the rediscovered and threatened rodent, Neotoma varia, from Datil Island in the Gulf of California, was assessed using sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cyt b) regarding specimens of N. albigula from Tiburon Island and populations on the mainland off Datil Island. Neotoma varia was originally described as a species and subsequently considered a subspecies, relegated to subspecific status based on morphologic characters and few specimens; no genetic analyses have been published. Bayesian inference, maximum-parsimony, maximumlikelihood, and distance optimality criteria based on 828-bp of the Cyt b gene from individuals representing 11 populations, converged on essentially identical tree topologies, consistent with the inclusion of N. varia within N. albigula. The population of Datil Island is related to specimens from Tiburon Island and the adjacent mainland populations showing low levels of genetic differentiation with other subspecies of N. albigula (0.2–1.4%). Previous morphologic analyses indicated inconstancy in characters regarding the holotype; however, N. varia is morphologically different in the oclusal view of the upper molars. Under these conditions, we consider N. varia as a subspecies of N. albigula. N. a. varia has a very specific habitat and is present only on a very small part of the island; in spite of low divergence regarding other N. albigula subspecies, N. a. varia possesses a genetic identity and needs to be considered as a critically endangered population.
Redescription of Silurus burmanensis Thant 1967: a Silurus not a Pterocryptis (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Siluridae)
Authors: BRITZ RALF , WIN TIN
Published: January 2019

The silurid species Silurus burmanensis is redescribed based on a recently collected specimen from the type locality. Based on its characters we conclude that S. burmanensis is not a member of the genus Pterocryptis, as suggested previously, but a valid species of Silurus. It seems closely related to, but sufficiently distinct from, the two Yunnanese species of Silurus described by Regan (1904, 1907). Silurus burmanensis thus represents the southwestern most occurrence of a species of the genus Silurus in Asia.
The Gondwanan relict oribatid genus Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Crotoniidae) from rainforests in Queensland and Northern New South Wales: new species show a mixed pattern of short-range and long-range endemism
Authors: COLLOFF MATTHEW J.
Published: January 2019

Twelve new species of Crotonia are described from rainforests in Queensland and Northern New South Wales, Australia. Crotonia sterigma sp. nov. belongs to a new species group, Borbora, to which C. borbora Luxton, 1987, redescribed here, and for which a lectotype is designated, is re-assigned from the Capistrata group. Six species belong to the Capistrata group (C. brisbanensis sp. nov., C. maculata sp. nov., C. monteithi sp. nov., C. daviesae sp. nov., C. weiri sp. nov., and C. yeatesi sp. nov.). Previously-known Australian members of the Capistrata group, C. ardala Luxton, 1987 and C. capistrata Luxton, 1987, are redescribed and lectotypes are designated. Four species, C. cameroni sp. nov., C. queenslandiae sp. nov., C. eungella sp. nov. and C. seemani sp. nov., belong to the Cophinaria species-group and one, C. raveni sp. nov. is morphologically so different from other Crotonia spp. that it is also assigned to a new species-group. This brings the number of species of Crotonia recorded from Australia to 27, almost half of the global fauna. Mostspecies show localised distribution in rainforest remnants, characteristic of short-range endemics with apparently low dispersal capabilities, are subject to constraints of body water balance and thus confined to wet habitats. They can be divided into those associated with a northern region (ca. 16–18°S) centred around the Wet Tropics from Cape Tribulation to the Walter Hill Range (C. ardala, C. borbora, C. capistrata, C. monteithi), a central region (ca. 20–18°S) from Mount Dryander to Byfield (C. cameroni, C. eungella, C. seemani) and a southern region (ca. 26-28°S) from the Conondale Range to Whian Whian (C. brisbanensis, C. daviesae, C. queenslandiae, C. raveni, C. weiri, and C. yeatesi). Other species are long-range endemics. Crotonia maculata sp. nov. is found throughout all three regions and C. sterigma sp. nov. is found in both the central and southern regions. Several species show a series of characters that are considered to function in aiding the accumulation and retention of mineral soil and organic debris adhering to the cerotegument. These characters include the elongation of the caudal apophyses, expansion or elongation of the notogastral shield, retention of the elongated, flagelliform nymphal form of the notogastral setae and retention of nymphal exuviae in the caudal region. The layer of detritus covering the cerotegument was dissected off the cuticle of adult female and tritonymphal C. raveni sp. nov. and was found to constitute more than the mean wet weight of the mites. The acquisition by the mites of the detrital layer after each moult is considered to function as a general anti-predator system and in the reduction of body water loss.
Adamystis thailandensis sp. nov. (Acari: Prostigmata: Adamystidae), a new species of soil mites from Thailand with a key to world species of Adamystidae
Authors: FUANGARWORN MARUT , LEKPRAYOON CHARIYA
Published: January 2019

A new species of soil prostigmatic mites, Adamystis thailandensis sp. nov. (Acari: Adamystidae) is described based on adult and immature specimens collected from leaf litter and upper soil layer in a coastal forest in southern Thailand. It differs from its congeners by the presence of a densely striated idiosomal shield and the presence of lens-like structures on the lateral, posterior dorsomedial, and ventral sides of the idiosoma. A diagnostic key to the known species of Adamystidae is presented.
A new species of Rhinatrema Duméril & Bibron (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Rhinatrematidae) from Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: WILKINSON MARK , GOWER DAVID J
Published: January 2019

A new species of rhinatrematid caecilian, Rhinatrema ron sp. nov., is described based on a single specimen from the state of Amazonas in Brazil. The new species differs from other Rhinatrema in several features, including its larger size, different colouration, and distinctively plicate oral mucosa.
Two new species of the genus Roscius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae)
Authors: STEHLÍK JAROSLAV L. , JINDRA ZDENĚK
Published: January 2019

Two new species of the genus Roscius Stål, 1866 are described – Roscius diversus sp. nov. from the Central African Republic and Roscius niger sp. nov. from Mozambique.
First records of Heterotoma merioptera (Scopoli, 1763) and Aradus serbicus (Horváth, 1888) (Heteroptera: Miridae et Aradidae) from Germany
Authors: MORKEL CARSTEN
Published: January 2019

The plant bug Heterotoma merioptera (Scopoli, 1763) and the flat bug Aradus serbicus (Horváth, 1888) are recorded for the first time from Germany. Annotations on the circumstances of finding as well as remarks on the species general distribution are given. A. serbicus is considered to represent an ancient, primeval forest relict species within Central Europe; whereas H. merioptera may have some bearing on global warming.
Redescriptions of Streblosoma bairdi (Malmgren, 1866) and Thelepus cincinnatus (Fabricius, 1780), based on types and material from type localities
Authors: DE MATOS NOGUEIRA JOÃO MIGUEL
Published: January 2019

Streblosoma bairdi (Malmgren, 1866) and Thelepus cincinnatus (Fabricius, 1780) are the type species of their respective genera, described from specimens from northern European waters, off Sweden and Greenland, respectively. Both species have subsequently been reported from many localities around the world, including some from much warmer waters. That is probably because the original species descriptions are very brief and do not include several characters currently considered important for the taxonomy of these genera. Several redescriptions have been provided for both species through the years, but the types were not examined and based on material far from their type localities. Both these species are herein redescribed, from type material or material from the type localities. It is recommended that all records of these species from locations far from their type locality should be carefully checked to confirm their identity.
Response of Extreme Precipitation to Urbanization over the Netherlands
Authors: Golroudbary Vahid Rahimpour , Zeng Yijian , Mannaerts Chris M. , Su Zhongbo
Published: January 2019

Knowledge of the response of extreme precipitation to urbanization is essential to ensure societal preparedness for the extreme events caused by climate change. To quantify this response, this study scales extreme precipitation according to temperature using the statistical quantile regression and binning methods for 231 rain gauges during the period of 1985–2014. The positive 3%–7% scaling rates were found at most stations. The nonstationary return levels of extreme precipitation are investigated using monthly blocks of the maximum daily precipitation, considering the dependency of precipitation on the dewpoint, atmospheric air temperatures, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. Consideration of Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) land-cover types upwind of the stations in different directions classifies stations as urban and nonurban. The return levels for the maximum daily precipitation are greater over urban stations than those over nonurban stations especially after the spring months. This discrepancy was found by 5%–7% larger values in August for all of the classified station types. Analysis of the intensity–duration–frequency curves for urban and nonurban precipitation in August reveals that the assumption of stationarity leads to the underestimation of precipitation extremes due to the sensitivity of extreme precipitation to the nonstationary condition. The study concludes that nonstationary models should be used to estimate the return levels of extreme precipitation by considering the probable covariates such as the dewpoint and atmospheric air temperatures. In addition to the external forces, such as large-scale weather modes, circulation types, and temperature changes that drive extreme precipitation, urbanization could impact extreme precipitation in the Netherlands, particularly for short-duration events.
Should China Spend on UNPKOs? Findings from a Survey
Authors: Primiano Christopher B.
Published: January 2019

When China joined the United Nations in 1971, it viewed UN peacekeeping operations (UNPKOs) as an instrument for powerful countries to exploit weaker countries. Today, under Xi Jinping, China contributes the largest number of UN peacekeeping personnel among the five permanent (P5) members of the UN Security Council. This article presents findings from a pilot study based on a survey conducted at two international universities in China in the fall of 2016, regarding how Chinese students perceive China’s UNPKO involvement. A total of 297 Chinese university students participated in this survey. Given that there has been little scholarship on how Chinese citizens view China’s UNPKO spending or involvement, this article aims to contribute to our understanding of this subject.
Does Work Stress Lead to Office Clutter, and How? Mediating Influences of Emotional Exhaustion and Indecision
Authors: Roster Catherine A. , Ferrari Joseph R.
Published: January 2019

Despite popular articles and books, researchers have failed to examine how office clutter emerges and potential mediators underlying clutter in personal workspaces. We hypothesized that workers whose jobs require them to deal with a heavy volume of work at a rapid pace would be more likely to experience job strain (i.e., emotional exhaustion), which, in turn, depletes their energy and makes workers more likely to delay decisions. Decisional procrastination (indecision) was expected to increase office clutter, which itself is a physical stressor. Data from an Internet survey with 290 U.S. office workers recruited through Prolific Academic supported the hypotheses. This study is the first to examine clutter as a physical stressor in the workplace. A greater understanding of the factors that promote office clutter might help organizations and workers address sources of workspace conditions and personal habits that impede productivity and well-being.
The Influence of Parental and Self-Expectations on Asian American Women Who Entered College Early
Authors: Mun Rachel U. , Hertzog Nancy B.
Published: January 2019

Asian immigrant parents may hold high expectations for their children to excel academically and professionally. Filial piety and the desire to make their parent(s) proud can motivate these children to achieve but can also place undue pressure on them. In this qualitative study, researchers explored how seven Asian American women who entered college 2 to 4 years earlier than same-aged peers perceived their parents’ expectations and the influence of these expectations on their academic and career decision making. In-depth interviews revealed that the majority of women experienced high expectations from their parents for academics and careers. Several also reported experiencing parental pressures, social isolation, eating disorders, and depression during their college years. Implications for well-being are discussed.
The effect of Cu addition on wear mechanisms and tribological properties of aluminium matrix composites reinforced with SiC
Authors: Leszczyńska-Madej Beata , Madej Marcin , Wąsik Anna
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the results of research on the effect of 4 wt.% Cu addition on the tribological properties of composites based on aluminium matrix reinforced with SiC particles. The research also included the analysis of the microstructure and the hardness. The composites were made of elementary powders in a rigid die on a single-action compaction press and then sintered under the nitrogen atmosphere. The silicon carbide content was: 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10 and 15 wt.%. The tests of tribological properties were carried out using a block-on-ring T05 tester under the technically dry friction conditions, and the counter-sample was made of 100 Cr6 steel. The research covered the determination of mass losses, coefficients of friction as well as friction coefficient changes as the function of process duration and material. The obtained results proved that the addition of 4 wt.% Cu helps to reduce the friction coefficient and for composites that contain above 7.5 wt.% SiC also improves their wear resistance. It was also demonstrated that both the addition of Cu as well as an increase of SiC content in the composites have a positive effect on friction by reducing the adhesive wear share in the friction process.
The Right not to Have Rights: A New Perspective on Irregular Immigration
Authors: Oudejans Nanda
Published: January 2019

In recent years irregular immigration has attracted increasing scholarly attention. Current academic debate casts the irregular immigrant in the role of the new political subject who acts out a right to have rights and/or as the rightless victim who is subjected to violence and abuse. However, the conception of the irregular immigrant as harbinger of political change and/or victim reifies the persistent dichotomy between inclusion and exclusion. It ignores that irregular immigrants are not by definition excluded from a normal life and that numerous immigrants live in the interstices between full legal inclusion and exclusion without democratic legal order being cast to ruin. The question that underlies this essay is: What concept of law can accommodate the unauthorized presence of immigrants (i) without reducing them to bare life, struggling to survive and/or assigning them a political agency and (ii) without taking recourse to the use of force and violence in a zero-tolerance policy? To answer this question, this article draws on what Agamben has coined the potentiality of the law and unpacks Judith Shklar’s idea of different degrees of legalism.
Gender-Sensitive Violence Risk Assessment: Predictive Validity of Six Tools in Female Forensic Psychiatric Patients
Authors: de Vogel Vivienne , Bruggeman Mieke , Lancel Marike
Published: January 2019

Most violence risk assessment tools have been validated predominantly in males. In this multicenter study, the Historical, Clinical, Risk Management–20 (HCR-20), Historical, Clinical, Risk Management–20 Version 3 (HCR-20V3), Female Additional Manual (FAM), Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START), Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF), and Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) were coded on file information of 78 female forensic psychiatric patients discharged between 1993 and 2012 with a mean follow-up period of 11.8 years from one of four Dutch forensic psychiatric hospitals. Notable was the high rate of mortality (17.9%) and readmission to psychiatric settings (11.5%) after discharge. Official reconviction data could be retrieved from the Ministry of Justice and Security for 71 women. Twenty-four women (33.8%) were reconvicted after discharge, including 13 for violent offenses (18.3%). Overall, predictive validity was moderate for all types of recidivism, but low for violence. The START Vulnerability scores, HCR-20V3, and FAM showed the highest predictive accuracy for all recidivism. With respect to violent recidivism, only the START Vulnerability scores and the Clinical scale of the HCR-20V3 demonstrated significant predictive accuracy.
Differences of early immunological responses in on-pump versus off-pump cardiac surgery
Authors: Lehmann Sven , Dieterlen Maja-Theresa , Flister Anja , Klaeske Kristin , Jawad Khalil , Garbade Jens , Borger Michael A , Kostelka Martin
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is accompanied by an inflammatory response and pulmonary dysfunction that renders patients vulnerable to postoperative complications. The majority of studies investigating the inflammatory response in cardiopulmonary bypass focus on cytokine measurements. This study investigated the early response of peripheral blood cell types and early changes in lung tissue in on-pump versus off-pump cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.

Methods:

Landrace pigs were assigned to the following groups (n = 6 per group): 1. off-pump cardiopulmonary bypass, 2. conventional cardiopulmonary bypass, 3. heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass, 4. surface-reduced cardiopulmonary bypass, and 5. surface-reduced cardiopulmonary bypass plus lung perfusion. Surgery was performed under mild hyperthermia (32°C), with 90-minute ischemia and 180-minute reperfusion. Histological and flow cytometric analyses were performed.

Results:

Lung water content increased during reperfusion in heparin-coated (84.63 ± 2.99%) compared to conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (76.33 ± 4.56%, p = 0.04). Alveolar septal thickness increased during ischemia at heparin-coated (p < 0.01) and surface-reduced cardiopulmonary bypass plus lung perfusion (p = 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor expression increased significantly (p < 0.01) in peribronchial, perivascular, and peripheral lung areas in all on-pump groups, but not in off-pump cardiopulmonary bypass. The usage of heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass led to increased percentages of CD3+CD4+ (p = 0.03) and CD3+CD8+ (p = 0.01) T cells compared to an uncoated device. Natural killer and mature B lymphocytes decreased at conventional and surface-reduced cardiopulmonary bypass plus lung perfusion. Activated granulocytes and macrophages increased at conventional cardiopulmonary bypass and heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass.

Conclusion:

Off-pump cardiopulmonary bypass induces less immunological response and lung injury than on-pump surgery. The reduction of cardiopulmonary bypass surface reduces the inflammatory immune response induced by cardiopulmonary bypass. Lung perfusion of surface-reduced cardiopulmonary bypass diminished the extravasation caused by surface reduction of the cardiopulmonary bypass.
Enhancing Engagement With Socially Disadvantaged Older People in Organized Physical Activity Programs
Authors: Nau Tracy , Nolan Genevieve , Smith Ben J.
Published: January 2019

Background and objectives

Participation in physical activity (PA) is low among older adults in developed nations and even lower among several socially disadvantaged groups. This study aimed to identify the actions that can be taken in the promotion, design, and implementation of organized PA programs to improve engagement with socially disadvantaged and underrepresented older people. Research design and methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 30 community service providers and 5 focus groups with 42 older participants in existing PA programs. Data were analyzed thematically, and the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for program planning was used to broadly categorize themes. Results: Helpful strategies for addressing predisposing factors such as social anxiety and lack of confidence included user-centered program design and sensitive, informative messaging and promotion. Key enabling strategies were transport assistance and minimizing fees. Facilitating gentle entry to groups and fostering inclusion and safety were identified as valuable reinforcing strategies. Providers regarded organizational networks as beneficial for facilitating referral and addressing resource constraints. Discussion and implications: A multifactorial approach addressing a range of predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors is likely to be necessary to enhance engagement in organized PA by socially disadvantaged and underrepresented older people. Key factors relate to creating a positive sociocultural environment, identifying activities of interest, and enhancing ease of access.
Strategies in the clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of OSAHS with multilevel obstruction
Authors: Peng Ben-Gang , Lai You-Qing , Lei Hui-Jia , Zhang Ning , Wang Xin
Published: January 2019

Objective

To examine the safety and effectiveness of individualized treatment strategies that include three principles (security, top-down and priority) for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and multilevel obstruction who decline therapy with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

Methods

Patients with OSAHS and upper airway obstruction who were diagnosed with multilevel obstruction were included in this retrospective study. Patients were evaluated for the degree of obstruction in each level. Three principles were followed in planning the appropriate intervention level and measures to reduce perioperative risks. Polysomnography indices and Epworth sleepiness scores were used to evaluate the efficacy of surgery and improvement in patients’ sleepiness at ≥3 months post-surgery.

Results

Among 51 patients with OSAHS and multilevel obstruction, three were treated with CPAP, 41 were treated with nasopharyngeal surgery, and seven were treated with oropharyngeal surgery. No severe complications were reported. Following surgery, apnoea hypopnea index and Epworth sleepiness scores were significantly reduced, and the lowest oxygen saturation level was significantly increased.

Conclusion

The three-principle strategy was safe and effective in planning surgical treatments for patients with OSAHS and multilevel obstruction.
Immunophenotypic Characterization of Canine Splenic Follicular-Derived B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Stein Leah , Bacmeister Cynthia , Ylaya Kris , Fetsch Patricia , Wang Zengfeng , Hewitt Stephen M. , Kiupel Matti
Published: January 2019

Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) belong to a subgroup of indolent B-cell lymphomas most commonly reported in the canine spleen. The goal of this study was to characterize the immunophenotype of splenic MZL and MCL in comparison to their human counterparts. Ten MCLs and 28 MZLs were selected based on morphology. A tissue microarray was generated, and expression of CD3, CD5, CD10, CD45, CD20, CD79a, Pax-5, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, MCL-1, MUM-1, and Sox-11 was evaluated. Neoplastic cells in all MCLs and MZLs were positive for CD5, CD20, CD45, CD79a, and BCL2 and negative for CD3, CD10, Bcl-6, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3. Positive labeling for Pax-5 was detected in 8 of 10 MCLs and 26 of 28 MZLs. Positive labeling for MUM-1 was detected in 3 of 10 MCLs, and 27 of 28 MZLs were positive for MUM-1. No MCLs but 8 of 24 MZLs were positive for MCL-1. Canine splenic MZL and MCL have a similar immunophenotype as their human counterparts. However, human splenic MCL overexpresses cyclin D1 due to a translocation. A similar genetic alteration has not been reported in dogs. In addition, in contrast to human MZL, canine splenic MZL generally expresses CD5. Following identification of B vs T cells with CD20 and CD3, a panel composed of BCL-2, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and MCL-1 combined with the histomorphological pattern can be used to accurately diagnose MZL and MCL in dogs. Expression of Bcl-2 and lack of MCL-1 expression in MCL may suggest a therapeutic benefit of BCL-2 inhibitors in canine MCL.
A Transplantable Syngeneic Allograft Mouse Model for Nongestational Choriocarcinoma of the Ovary
Authors: Szabova Ludmila , Karim Baktiar , Gordon Melanie , Lu Lucy , Pate Nathan , Ohler Zoe Weaver
Published: January 2019

Nongestational choriocarcinoma is a rare malignancy in humans with poor prognosis. Naturally occurring choriocarcinoma is also rare in laboratory mice, and no genetic mouse model accurately recapitulates the features of this cancer. Here we report development of a genetically engineered mouse (GEM) model with alterations in Brca2, Trp53, and RB that develops ovarian tumors. Most of the ovarian tumors displayed histological characteristics of nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary (NGCO) (47%) with abundant syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts, positive immunolabeling for human chorionic gonadotropin, and positive periodic acid–Schiff reaction. The rest of the ovarian tumors were serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma (SEOC) (26%) or mixed tumors consisting of NGCO and SEOC (26%). We further established syngeneic orthotopic mouse models for NGCO by in vivo passaging of GEM tumors. These metastatic models provide a platform for evaluating new treatment strategies in preclinical studies aimed at improving outcomes in choriocarcinoma patients.
Primary Colorectal Follicular Lymphoma in 3 Dogs
Authors: Richardson Michael A. , Thaiwong Tuddow , Kiupel Matti
Published: January 2019

Primary colorectal follicular lymphomas are rare indolent lymphoid neoplasms in humans that have not been reported in dogs. We describe 3 cases of primary colorectal follicular lymphoma in dogs with histologic and immunohistochemical features similar to their human counterpart. Initial clinical signs in all dogs included tenesmus, hematochezia, and a palpable rectal mass. Two dogs were castrated males and 1 an intact female, between 9 months and 2 years of age, and of varied breeds. All 3 cases of colorectal follicular lymphoma were characterized by proliferation of follicular germinal centers with no polarity or mantle zone and were composed of centrocytes admixed with fewer centroblasts. By immunohistochemistry, lymphoid cells expressed CD20, BCL2, and BCL6 and lacked expression of CD3, CD5, and cyclin D1. Polymerase chain reaction for rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain confirmed a monoclonal population in all cases. In 2 of the 3 cases, a solitary nodular colorectal mass was excised and appeared curative; however, the third case had multiple colorectal masses and the animal developed multicentric lymphoma. This case series immunohistochemically characterizes and distinguishes colorectal follicular lymphoma from atypical lymphoid hyperplasia.
Digital colonialism: US empire and the new imperialism in the Global South
Authors: Kwet Michael
Published: January 2019

This article proposes a conceptual framework of how the United States is reinventing colonialism in the Global South through the domination of digital technology. Using South Africa as a case study, it argues that US multinationals exercise imperial control at the architecture level of the digital ecosystem: software, hardware and network connectivity, which then gives rise to related forms of domination. The monopoly power of multinational corporations is used for resource extraction through rent and surveillance – economic domination. By controlling the digital ecosystem, Big Tech corporations control computer-mediated experiences, giving them direct power over political, economic and cultural domains of life – imperial control. The centrepiece of surveillance capitalism, Big Data, violates the sanctity of privacy and concentrates economic power in the hands of US corporations – a system of global surveillance capitalism. As a feature of surveillance capitalism, Global North intelligence agencies partner with their own corporations to conduct mass and targeted surveillance in the Global South – which intensifies imperial state surveillance. US elites have persuaded people that society must proceed according to its ruling class conceptions of the digital world, setting the foundation for tech hegemony. The author argues for a different ecosystem that decentralises technology by placing control directly into the hands of the people to counter the rapidly advancing frontier of digital empire.
Using field data–based large eddy simulation to understand role of atmospheric stability on energy production of wind turbines
Authors: Nielson Jordan , Bhaganagar Kiran
Published: January 2019

A novel and a robust high-fidelity numerical methodology has been developed to realistically estimate the net energy production of full-scale horizontal axis wind turbines in a convective atmospheric boundary layer, for both isolated and multiple wind turbine arrays by accounting for the wake effects between them. Large eddy simulation has been used to understand the role of atmospheric stability in net energy production (annual energy production) of full-scale horizontal axis wind turbines placed in the convective atmospheric boundary layer. The simulations are performed during the convective conditions corresponding to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory field campaign of July 2015. A mathematical framework was developed to incorporate the field-based measurements as boundary conditions for the large eddy simulation by averaging the surface flux over multiple diurnal cycles. The objective of the study is to quantify the role of surface flux in the calculation of energy production for an isolated, two and three wind turbine configuration. The study compares the mean value, +1 standard deviation, and −1 standard deviation from the measured surface flux to demonstrate the role of surface heat flux. The uniqueness of the study is that power deficits from large eddy simulation were used to determine wake losses and obtain a net energy production that accounts for the wake losses. The frequency of stability events, from field measurements, is input into the calculation of an ensemble energy production prediction with wake losses for different wind turbine arrays. The increased surface heat flux increases the atmospheric turbulence into the wind turbines. Higher turbulence results in faster wake recovery by a factor of two. The faster wake recovery rates result in lowering the power deficits from 46% to 28% for the two-turbine array. The difference in net energy production between the +1 and −1 standard deviation (with respect to surface heat flux) simulations was 10% for the two-turbine array and 8% for the three-turbine array. An ensemble net energy production by accounting for the wake losses indicated the overestimation of annual energy production from current practices could be corrected by accounting for variation of surface flux from the mean value.
Tenoxicam IV for Major Gynaecological Surgery—Effects on Renal Function
Authors: Jones R. D. M. , Endre Z. , Miles W. , Prankerd R. , Chilvers M. , Willgoss D.
Published: January 2019

Thirty women presenting for major gynaecological oncology surgery under a standardized, combined epidural/general anaesthetic technique received either placebo or tenoxicam 20 mg intravenously, in a randomized double-blinded manner prior to surgery. Plasma and urinary electrolytes, creatinine, prostaglandins PgE 2 and PgF1α, and thromboxane (T x B 2 ) were collected 12 hours preoperatively and then for four days postoperatively.

There were no significant differences in any of the measured parameters between the groups, at any of the measurement times. Mean (SD) creatinine clearance at baseline, 24h and 48h was 100.4 (29.7) and 86.9 (27.5), 128.1 (45.9) and 115.0 (40.3), 137.5 (50.7) and 121.6 (38.6) in the placebo and tenoxicam groups respectively (P=0.28). Both groups required similar amounts of intraoperative ephedrine and intravenous fluids to maintain blood pressure. The minimal changes in plasma and renal parameters reflect predictable responses to major surgery and rehydration rather than any response to cyclooxygenase inhibition. This may underscore the importance of maintenance of blood pressure during the course of surgery and postoperative care, and perhaps the usefulness of a fluid loading regimen to preserve renal function during surgery.

The predicted attenuation of renal prostaglandin-mediated protective mechanisms and enhancement of the catecholamine-mediated renal vasoconstriction by the use of a single 20 mg dose of tenoxicam in this study were not seen. Modulation of renal concentrating mechanisms or excretion of sodium and potassium by tenoxicam was not apparent and a large increase in study size would be required to detect a significant difference in these parameters as a consequence of the drug, over and above any changes in response to surgery and epidural anaesthesia.