bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GAMBARAN PELAKSANAAN TAMAN POSYANDU SEBAGAI BENTUK KEGIATAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI PUSKESMAS SIDOTOPO WETAN
Authors: Rukmi Villia Samantha
Published: September 2019

Taman Posyandu is a service program that integrated with Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) and Bina Keluarga Balita (BKB). The establishment of an Integrated Service Post is intended to enable toddlers to get comprehensive services such as health information, nutritional information, parenting and obtaining protection for children. The purpose of this study was to identify a general description of the implementation of Taman Posyandu at Sidotopo Wetan Community Health Center area for community empowerment activities. The design of this study used descriptive and observational, and this research was conducted with secondary data collection, observation, and participation. Based on the data analysis, the results of the study showed that Taman Posyandu Bunda Kartini obtained the optimal value as the assessment criteria. But for Bina Keluarga Balita (BKB) services, it cannot be done optimally because the implementation cannot be done every month. Taman Posyandu Bunda Kartini is included in the UKBM because in its implementation it has included the concept of empowerment such as independence, participation, networking, and equity.
Viral Encephalitis: Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Islam Md Nowfel , Yusuf Md Abdullah
Published: September 2019

Abstract not available

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(2): 95-96
Clinical Profiles of Chikungunya Fever Patients Attending at OPD of a Teaching Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Kamal Mustafa , Rahim Abdur , Muhith Muhammad Tanvir , Barua Shaoun , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Ahsan Hafez Muhammad Nazmul
Published: September 2019

Background: Chikungunya virus was introduced into the Dhaka city of Bangladesh and triggered a massive outbreak which affected millions of lives and forced upon significant damages in socioeconomic factors.

Objectives: This community based descriptive study was conducted in selected area of Dhaka city to see the clinical profiles of chikungunya patients in Dhaka city.

Methodology: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Medicine OPD at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital (ShSMC), Dhaka, Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted during the peak of chikungunya outbreak (1st March to 31st August, 2018) to document the clinical profiles of confirmed cases (laboratory test positive) and probable cases diagnosed by medical practitioners.

Results: The study included 1133 patients (Male 51.9%and Female 48.1%). The main symptoms were Fever (66%), higher in patients with Joint pain (82%), Rash (21.3%) and others (10.1%).Sensitivity of the patients by acute chikungunya 14.3% and other 85.7%. Patients had post chikungunya complications 14.3% and no complications 85.7%. Chikungunya patients increasing month are March 0.5%, April 0.5%, May 3.4%, June 25.8%, July 50.8%, August 19.1%. In Dhaka cities the affected area were Mirpur 41.7%, Mohammadpur 28.9%, Agargaon 8.8%, Tejgoan 5.9%, Shamoly 5.7%, Adabar 4.4%, Savar 2.0%, Rayerbazar 0.9%, Dhanmondi 0.8%, Mohakhali 0.8%.

Conclusions: The result found that gender and age are significantly associated with Chikungunya infection. This study will also help to provide support and services to public health science which will eventually contribute the country for the diagnosis, prevention and control of Chikungunya and similar viral diseases. Overall, it necessitates the importance of utilizing appropriate and reliable diagnostic methods, proper surveillance system and effective control measures that must be implemented to manage the disease outbreak situations.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(2): 148-151
Prevalence of Cross Bite among the Orthodontic Patients at a Dental Unit of Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Sharif Hasan , Sultana Naznin , Naim Mir Abu , Nashrin Towhida , Nahar Lutfun
Published: September 2019

Background: : Cross-bite is one of the most prevalent malocclusion.

Objective: This study was an attempt to find out the prevalence of crossbite in Bangladeshi population and its variation with age and gender.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the dental unit of Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from January, 2017 to December, 2018. Patients who were seeking comprehensive orthodontic treatment at the OPD of Rajshahi Medical College Dental Unit, Rajshahi, Bangladesh in between 5 to 35 years of age were diagnosed for cross-bite with diagnostic model. The findings of each cases was recorded in a preformed datasheet and the descriptive analysis was performed.

Result: Out of 300 cases 163(54.3%) cases had cross-bite, 90(30%) cases had anterior cross-bite and 109(36.3%) cases had posterior cross bite. Among posterior crossbite 60(20%) had unilateral and 49(16.3%) had bilateral crossbite.

Conclusion: Posterior crossbite was more prevalent than anterior crossbite. Cases with Class I molar relation showed more crossbite. Crossbite was more prevalent in cases with congenitally missing teeth

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(2): 167-171
Arkaluontoiset ja marginalisoidut aiheet Suomen historian opetuksessa
Authors: Hakoköngäs Eemeli , Sakki Inari , Pirttilä-Backman Anna-Maija , Kello Katrin , Salapuro Hanna-Mari
Published: September 2019

Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelemme historian opettajien käsityksiä Suomen historian arkaluontoisista ja marginaalisista aiheista, sekä sitä, miten opettajat ratkovat näihin aiheisiin liittyviä kysymyksiä työssään. Empiirinen aineisto on kerätty haastatteluin ja kyselyllä vuosina 2015–2016. Opettajien vastausten analysoinnissa ja tulkinnassa hyödynnetään taustateoriana sosiaalisten representaatioiden teoriaa (Moscovici 2008; Sakki, Menard & Pirttilä-Backman 2017). Tutkimuksessa arkaluontoisella viitataan historian sisältöihin, joiden käsittelyn opettajat kokevat vaativan erityistä varovaisuutta tai hienotunteisuutta. Marginaalisella tarkoitetaan aiheita, joiden opettajat kokevat jäävän historian opetuksessa sivuun tai joiden he katsovat täydentävän opetussuunnitelmassa tai oppimateriaaleissa tarjottuja historian opetuksen sisältöjä. Tutkimus osoittaa, että opettajat kokevat naisten ja vähemmistöjen roolin sekä mikrohistorian useimmin marginaaliin jääviksi aiheiksi. Sotiin ja vähemmistöjen rooliin liittyvät aiheet koetaan useimmin arkaluontoisiksi. Monikulttuurinen luokkaympäristö ja erilaisten oppilaiden kohtaaminen olivat tyypillisiä arkaluontoisuutta aiheuttavia tekijöitä. Tutkimuksen perusteella opettajat osoittivat selvää kiinnostusta pohtivaan, kyseenalaistavaan ja tulkitsevaan historian opetukseen. Marginaalisuuteen ja arkaluontoisuuteen liittyvien haasteiden ratkaiseminen koettiin opetusta rikastavaksi tekijäksi.
Promoção à saúde de hipertensos e diabéticos a partir da problematização do território
Authors: Santana Luana Carla Braga , Soares Ticianne da Cunha , Wenzel Ana Paula Barros Holanda , Blanche Bernardo Rafael , Benevides Luana Kelly Bezerra , Soares Tamires da Cunha , Câmara Gabriel Barbosa , Silva Dayane Freitas , Souza Eduardo Carvalho De
Published: September 2019

Objetivou descrever os mecanismos utilizados por acadêmicos de enfermagem para promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos à hipertensos e diabéticos assistidos por uma equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, a partir de uma metodologia problematizadora de ensino e aprendizagem. Trata-se de um relato de experiência vivenciado por acadêmicos de enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Piauí durante a disciplina de Estágio Curricular I ao realizarem um projeto de intervenção em uma UBS do município de Picos-Piauí. Foi utilizada para desenvolver o projeto de invenção a Metodologia da Problematização, seguindo as etapas propostas por Charles Maguerez. Realizou-se uma ação social de HiperDia, consultas individuais e atividade educativa em grupo, contemplando mais de cem pacientes. Os objetivos foram alcançados, deixando notório que a importância do enfermeiro está ligada ao processo de educação em saúde, motivando os pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos a realizar a conscientização e o autocuidado, sabendo da grande resistência da adesão ao tratamento, proporcionando uma assistência sistematizada com intuito de melhorar a qualidade de assistência, requerendo conhecimentos de maior especificidade, planejando, organizando e desenvolvendo juntamente com a equipe ações individuais e coletivas visando à promoção, prevenção e recuperação da saúde desses pacientes.
Técnicas nutricionais para a redução do impacto ambiental da produção intensiva de animais não ruminantes
Authors: Morais Marcos Vinícius Martins , Lima Heder José D'Avila
Published: September 2019

O objetivo neste estudo, foi relatar e discutir novas estratégias aplicadas a nutrição animal que podem contribuir para uma produção sustentável, minimizando a excreção de poluentes, sem que haja prejuízos na qualidade e no máximo desempenho dos animais. De acordo com os estudos analisados de nutrição animal ligados a sustentabilidade, é possível reduzir o impacto da poluição ambiental através de diversas estratégias nutricionais com o objetivo de maximizar a eficiência da retenção de nutrientes e diminuição da excreção dos mesmos. O emprego do conceito de proteína ideal juntamente a utilização de aminoácidos industriais, podem ser utilizados como forma de reduzir a excreção de nitrogênio em diversas espécies sem prejudicar o desempenho. A utilização dos minerais orgânicos em animais não ruminantes, assim como a fitase, e enzimas, contribuem para o aumento da absorção e aproveitamento dos nutrientes, enquanto que os planos nutricionais são de fundamental importância para o balanço adequado de nutrientes e aporte das exigência de cada animal. Paralelo a isso, embora ainda recente, os estudos de nutrigenômica podem colaborar para o melhor ajuste das exigências, levando em consideração o fator genética. Por outro lado, as técnicas empregadas para redução da produção e emissão de gases em cama avícola, quando aliadas as estratégias nutricionais, podem gerar redução da emissão de gases poluentes, e maximização da qualidade da cama, colaborando com o bem-estar animal.
Long-term cognitive, executive, and behavioral outcomes of moderate and late preterm at school age
Authors: Jin Ju Hyun , Yoon Shin Won , Song Jungeun , Kim Seong Woo , Chung Hee Jung
Published: September 2019

Background: There is increasing concern that moderate preterm (32–33 weeks’ gestation) and late preterm (34–36 weeks’ gestation) birth may be associated with minor neurodevelopmental problems affecting poor school performance.Purpose: We explored the cognitive function, cognitive visual function, executive function, and behavioral problems at schoolage in moderate to late preterm infants.Methods: Children aged 7–10 years who were born at 32+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from August 2006 to July 2011 at the National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital were included. We excluded children with severe neurologic impairments, congenital malformations, or chromosomal abnormalities. Neuropsychological assessments consisted of 5 neuropsychological tests and 3 questionnaires.Results: A total of 37 children (mean age, 9.1±1.2 years) participated. The mean gestational age at birth was 34.6±7.5 weeks, while the mean birth weight was 2,229.2±472.8 g. The mean full-scale intelligence quotient was 92.89±11.90; 24.3% scored between 70 and 85 (borderline intelligence functioning). An abnormal score was noted for at least one of the variables on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnostic system for 65% of the children. Scores below borderline function for executive quotient and memory quotient were 32.4% and 24.3%, respectively. Borderline or clinically relevant internalizing problems were noted in 13.5% on the Child Behavior Check List. There were no significant associations between perinatal factors or socioeconomic status and cognitive, visual perception, executive function, or behavior outcomes.Conclusion: Moderate to late preterm infants are at risk of developing borderline intelligence functioning and attention problems at early school age. Cognitive and executive functions that are important for academic performance must be carefully monitored and continuously followed up in moderate to late preterm infants.
Queen Victoria: An Anatomy in Dress
Authors: Storey Matthew , Worsley Lucy
Published: September 2019

This object-based study of Victoria's surviving wardrobe uses dress as material evidence for the changes that took place to the Queen's physical body. Our exploration of the Queen's attitude towards clothing combined with her physical measurements as recorded in surviving items from her wardrobe allow us to nuance the conventional biographical narrative of a woman who consistently gained weight over her lifetime. We challenge the perception that she immediately became rotund after her husband's death as a consequence of grief and argue that her later-life mourning clothes were a distinctive, comfortable and rational response to her physical body and her status as a widow.
PENGARUH TRAKSI TELUNGKUP PADA MCKENZI DAN MASSAGE TERHADAP NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH AKIBAT HERNIA NUKLEUS PULPOSUS DI KLINIK FISIOTERAPI KARYASUCI PEMATANG SIANTAR TAHUN 2017
Authors: Napitu Marolop Parlindungan
Published: September 2019

Nyeri punggung bawah menimbulkan rasa kurang nyaman dan berkepanjangan  membuat  kejenuhan akibat permasalahan yang kurang kunjung ada perubahan seperti yang diharapkan. Menurut ilmuan banyak yang kontroversial  tentang metode terapinya juga masih menimbulkan kontroversi dan hasilnyapun sering kurang memuaskan.Metode penelitian ini adalah Quasi exsperimen dengan pendekatan kontrol grup pre-test& post-test. Desain paralel digunakan untuk membandingkan antar dua kelompok (grup compersion) independent yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi penelitian ini Penelitian rancangan pre-test-post-test dengan besar sampel 20 responden untuk masing-masing kelompok. Teknik penarikan sampel yang digunakam adalah probability sampling dengan pendekatan teknih purposive sampling. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode independent t-test. Data statistik menunjukkan penurunan nyeri untuk kelompok pertama dan kelompok kedua setelah intervensi p= 0,00 (< 0,05). Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa ada Pengaruh Traksi telungkup pada Mc kenzie dan massage terhadap  nyeri punggung bawah akibat Hernia Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) di klinik Physioterapy Karya Suci Pematang Siantar.Traksi Telungkup pada Mc Kenzie dan Massage baik untuk penurunan rasa nyeri disebabkan oleh karena adanya penguluran dari pada otot pinggang sehingga terjadi relaksasi otot dan terjadi speregangan dari interdiscus vertebralis lumbal. Penderita nyeri punggung bawah pada HNP diharapkan dapat selalu menjaga posisi duduk dan mencegah gerakan membungkuk secara tiba-tiba agar mencegah kekambuhan.
EFEKTIVITAS PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN PENYANDANG MASALAH KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL DALAM PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN
Authors: Saputra Romi
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

This study discusses the effectiveness, supporting and inhibiting factors and formulate strategies to overcome obstacles in the implementation of the the Physically Empowerment Program Social Problems through the Joint Business Group in the Village Tanjunggading Bandarlampung City. The design used in this research using descriptive method with qualitative-inductive approach. Data analysis techniques used in descriptive research through data selection, data reduction and verification of data and using SWOT analysis in order to formulate strategies to overcome obstacles. The results of this study can be explained that the effectiveness of implementation of the People Empowerment Program Social Problems through the Joint Business Group (KUBE) in Tanjunggading Village generally been effective as seen from the achievement on Program Objectives, Increasing Income, and Ability to Solve Social Problems Increased Functionality of Members, but there are programs that can not be achieved in accordance with the objectives of the Sustainability Program, especially in the capital increase business. Supporting factors in the implementation of this program are active members in managing their business, Motivation members to implement and manage the business is high enough, the support from the community and coaching. While the inhibiting factors are: management and assistance that have not been effective, Human Resources (members) are still low, the absence of additional capital in order to develop joint business groups, marketing the products that have not reached the market and Unfair Business Competition. Appropriate strategies used to overcome barriers that permit service quality improvement (1) Human Resource Development (Member) KUBE and established a partnership with Micro Finance Institutions, (2) Change renewal Management KUBE and Utilizing advances in information technology, (3) Revitalization KUBE Organization, (4) Making Adjustments and evaluation of programs and activities are a priority and the provision of venture capital in order to increase business KUBE.

Keywords: empowerment, social problems, poverty reduction
ANALISIS PENATAAN DAERAH DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Rohmadin Sulthon , Kusmana Dedi , Batubara Yusi Eva
Published: September 2019

The research undertaken has the objective to analyze the wide area, demography and area coverage in order to provide policy recommendations related to the regulation of regency in West Java Province as mandated by UU 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. This study used tailor made method which directs a comprehensive study results become a major consideration for policy makers in the formulation of policy. The results of the analysis show that only Bogor Regency has the most complete feasibility to be expanded into district and city compared to other districts in West Java. While Cianjur, Bekasi and Garut have the feasibility to form City.

Keywords: regional arrangement, DOB formation
The Emerging Roles of mTORC1 in Macromanaging Autophagy
Authors: Dossou Akpedje S. , Basu Alakananda
Published: September 2019

Autophagy is a process of self-degradation that enables the cell to survive when faced with starvation or stressful conditions. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), also known as the mammalian target of rapamycin, plays a critical role in maintaining a balance between cellular anabolism and catabolism. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) was unveiled as a master regulator of autophagy since inhibition of mTORC1 was required to initiate the autophagy process. Evidence has emerged in recent years to indicate that mTORC1 also directly regulates the subsequent steps of the autophagy process, including the nucleation, autophagosome elongation, autophagosome maturation and termination. By phosphorylating select protein targets of the autophagy core machinery and/or their regulators, mTORC1 can alter their functions, increase their proteasomal degradation or modulate their acetylation status, which is a key switch of the autophagy process. Moreover, it phosphorylates and alters the subcellular localization of transcription factors to suppress the expression of genes needed for autophagosome formation and lysosome biogenesis. The purpose of this review article is to critically analyze current literatures to provide an integrated view of how mTORC1 regulates various steps of the autophagy process.
Unraveling Heterogeneity in Epithelial Cell Fates of the Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer
Authors: Samocha Alexandr , Doh Hanna , Kessenbrock Kai , Roose Jeroen P.
Published: September 2019

Fluidity in cell fate or heterogeneity in cell identity is an interesting cell biological phenomenon, which at the same time poses a significant obstacle for cancer therapy. The mammary gland seems a relatively straightforward organ with stromal cells and basal- and luminal- epithelial cell types. In reality, the epithelial cell fates are much more complex and heterogeneous, which is the topic of this review. Part of the complexity comes from the dynamic nature of this organ: the primitive epithelial tree undergoes extensively remodeling and expansion during puberty, pregnancy, and lactation and, unlike most other organs, the bulk of mammary gland development occurs late, during puberty. An active cell biological debate has focused on lineage commitment to basal- and luminal- epithelial cell fates by epithelial progenitor and stem cells; processes that are also relevant to cancer biology. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of heterogeneity in mammary gland and recent insights obtained through lineage tracing, signaling assays, and organoid cultures. Lastly, we relate these insights to cancer and ongoing efforts to resolve heterogeneity in breast cancer with single-cell RNAseq approaches.
Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Distorted Ion Homeostasis and Responses in the Freshwater Plant Spirodela polyrhiza L. under Salt Stress
Authors: Fu Lili , Ding Zehong , Sun Xuepiao , Zhang Jiaming
Published: September 2019

Duckweeds are a family of freshwater angiosperms with morphology reduced to fronds and propagation by vegetative budding. Unlike other angiosperm plants such as Arabidopsis and rice that have physical barriers between their photosynthetic organs and soils, the photosynthetic organs of duckweeds face directly to their nutrient suppliers (waters), therefore, their responses to salinity may be distinct. In this research, we found that the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza L. accumulated high content of sodium and reduced potassium and calcium contents in large amounts under salt stress. Fresh weight, Rubisco and AGPase activities, and starch content were significantly decreaseded in the first day but recovered gradually in the following days and accumulated more starch than control from Day 3 to Day 5 when treated with 100 mM and 150 mM NaCl. A total of 2156 differentially expressed genes were identified. Overall, the genes related to ethylene metabolism, major CHO degradation, lipid degradation, N-metabolism, secondary metabolism of flavonoids, and abiotic stress were significantly increased, while those involved in cell cycle and organization, cell wall, mitochondrial electron transport of ATP synthesis, light reaction of photosynthesis, auxin metabolism, and tetrapyrrole synthesis were greatly inhibited. Moreover, salt stress also significantly influenced the expression of transcription factors that are mainly involved in abiotic stress and cell differentiation. However, most of the osmosensing calcium antiporters (OSCA) and the potassium inward channels were downregulated, Na+/H+ antiporters (SOS1 and NHX) and a Na+/Ca2+ exchanger were slightly upregulated, but most of them did not respond significantly to salt stress. These results indicated that the ion homeostasis was strongly disturbed. Finally, the shared and distinct regulatory networks of salt stress responses between duckweeds and other plants were intensively discussed. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of salt stress response in duckweeds, and can be served as a useful foundation for salt tolerance improvement of duckweeds for the application in salinity conditions.
Bombed Archaeology: Towards a Precise Identification and a Safe Management of WWII’s Dangerous Unexploded Bombs
Authors: Barone Pier Matteo
Published: September 2019

The massive bombings during World War II (WWII) have had a lasting impact across the Italian landscape. The problem of dangerous unexploded bombs is particularly relevant since the bombsites are buried beneath the soil close to inhabited and/or touristic areas. Archaeological sites, such as Pompeii and Vulci, were heavily bombed, and nowadays, archaeologists excavate these bombs during their digs. Thus, there is a real risk to people’s safety. While the aerial photo collection is a powerful record of the landscapes of wartime Italy, plotting buried unexploded bomb hazard maps remains important in identifying their precise location in the modern landscape. Ground penetrating radar (GPR)—a non-destructive technique (NDT)—can help detect these bombs buried beneath the soil by providing an accurate horizontal and vertical position. Using aerial photos and NDTs, such as GPR, this future project explores the WWII human experience to preserve and manage the safety of both the archaeological heritage and involved users by using the data to create an open-access WebGIS platform.
Evaluation of an Ultraviolet C (UVC) Light-Emitting Device for Disinfection of High Touch Surfaces in Hospital Critical Areas
Authors: Casini Beatrice , Tuvo Benedetta , Cristina Maria Luisa , Spagnolo Anna Maria , Totaro Michele , Baggiani Angelo , Privitera Gaetano Pierpaolo
Published: September 2019

Implementation of environmental cleaning and disinfection has been shown to reduce the incidences of healthcare-associated infections. The effect of an enhanced strategy for terminal room disinfection, applying the pulsed xenon-based ultraviolet light no-touch disinfection systems (PX-UVC) after the current standard operating protocol (SOP) was evaluated. In a teaching hospital, the effectiveness in reducing the total bacterial count (TBC) and in eliminating high-concern microorganisms was assessed on five high-touch surfaces in different critical areas, immediately pre- and post-cleaning and disinfection procedures (345 sampling sites). PX-UVC showed only 18% (15/85) of positive samples after treatment compared to 63% (72/115) after SOP. The effectiveness of PX-UVC was also observed in the absence of manual cleaning and application of a chemical disinfectant. According to the hygienic standards proposed by the Italian Workers Compensation Authority, 9 of 80 (11%) surfaces in operating rooms showed TBC ≥15 CFU/24 cm2 after the SOP, while all samples were compliant applying the SOP plus PX-UVC disinfection. Clostridium difficile (CD) spores and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) were isolated only after the SOP. The implementation of the standard cleaning and disinfection procedure with the integration of the PX-UVC treatment had effective results in both the reduction of hygiene failures and in control environmental contamination by high-concern microorganisms.
Development of 18 Quality Control Gates for Additive Manufacturing of Error Free Patient-Specific Implants
Authors: Martinez-Marquez Daniel , Jokymaityte Milda , Mirnajafizadeh Ali , Carty Christopher P. , Lloyd David , Stewart Rodney A.
Published: September 2019

Unlike subtractive manufacturing technologies, additive manufacturing (AM) can fabricate complex shapes from the macro to the micro scale, thereby allowing the design of patient-specific implants following a biomimetic approach for the reconstruction of complex bone configurations. Nevertheless, factors such as high design variability and changeable customer needs are re-shaping current medical standards and quality control strategies in this sector. Such factors necessitate the urgent formulation of comprehensive AM quality control procedures. To address this need, this study explored and reported on a variety of aspects related to the production and the quality control of additively manufactured patient-specific implants in three different AM companies. The research goal was to develop an integrated quality control procedure based on the synthesis and the adaptation of the best quality control practices with the three examined companies and/or reported in literature. The study resulted in the development of an integrated quality control procedure consisting of 18 distinct gates based on the best identified industry practices and reported literature such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline for AM medical devices and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, to name a few. This integrated quality control procedure for patient-specific implants seeks to prepare the AM industry for the inevitable future tightening in related medical regulations. Moreover, this study revealed some critical success factors for companies developing additively manufactured patient-specific implants, including ongoing research and development (R&D) investment, investment in advanced technologies for controlling quality, and fostering a quality improvement organizational culture.
Nitric Oxide Donor NOC-18-Induced Changes of Mitochondrial Phosphoproteome in Rat Cardiac Ischemia Model
Authors: Umbrasas Danielius , Jokubka Ramūnas , Kaupinis Algirdas , Valius Mindaugas , Arandarčikaitė Odeta , Borutaitė Vilmantė
Published: September 2019

Background and objective: Nitric oxide (NO) is known to exert cardioprotective effects against heart ischemic damage and may be involved in ischemic pre- and postconditioning. NO-triggered cardioprotective mechanisms are not well understood but may involve regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). In this study, we aimed to identify differentially phosphorylated mitochondrial proteins possibly involved in the NO/protein kinase G (PKG)/mPTP signaling pathway that can increase the resistance of cardiomyocytes to ischemic damage. Materials and methods: Isolated hearts from Wistar rats were perfused with NO donor NOC-18 prior to induction of stop–flow ischemia. To quantify and characterize the phosphoproteins, mitochondrial proteins were resolved and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein gel staining, excision, trypsin digestions, and mass spectrometry. Quantitative proteomic analysis coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was also performed. Results: Mitochondrial protein phosphorylation patterns in NOC-18-pretreated ischemic hearts versus ischemic hearts were compared. Pretreatment of hearts with NOC-18 caused changes in mitochondrial phosphoproteome after ischemia which involved modifications of 10 mitochondrial membrane-bound and 10 matrix proteins. Among them, α-subunit of ATP synthase and adenine nucleotide (ADP/ATP) translocase 1, both of which are considered as potential structural components of mPTP, were identified. We also found that treatment of isolated non-ischemic mitochondria with recombinant PKG did not cause the same protein phosphorylation as pretreatment of hearts with NOC-18. Conclusions: Our study suggests that pretreatment of hearts with NOC-18 causes changes in mitochondrial phosphoproteome after ischemia which involves modifications of certain proteins thought to be involved in the regulation of mPTP opening and intracellular redox state. These proteins may be potential targets for pharmacological preconditioning of the heart.
Health Behavior Change and Complementary Medicine Use: National Health Interview Survey 2012
Authors: Bishop Felicity L , Lauche Romy , Cramer Holger , Pinto Jonquil W , Leung Brenda , Hall Helen , Leach Matthew , Chung Vincent CH , Sundberg Tobias , Zhang Yan , Steel Amie , Ward Lesley , Sibbritt David , Adams Jon
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use has been associated with preventive health behaviors. However, the role of CAM use in patients’ health behaviors remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the extent to which patients report that CAM use motivates them to make changes to their health behaviors. Materials and Methods: This secondary analysis of 2012 National Health Interview Survey data involved 10,201 CAM users living in the United States who identified up to three CAM therapies most important to their health. Analyses assessed the extent to which participants reported that their CAM use motivated positive health behavior changes, specifically: eating healthier, eating more organic foods, cutting back/stopping drinking alcohol, cutting back/quitting smoking cigarettes, and/or exercising more regularly. Results: Overall, 45.4% of CAM users reported being motivated by CAM to make positive health behavior changes, including exercising more regularly (34.9%), eating healthier (31.4%), eating more organic foods (17.2%), reducing/stopping smoking (16.6% of smokers), or reducing/stopping drinking alcohol (8.7% of drinkers). Individual CAM therapies motivated positive health behavior changes in 22% (massage) to 81% (special diets) of users. People were more likely to report being motivated to change health behaviors if they were: aged 18–64 compared to those aged over 65 years; of female gender; not in a relationship; of Hispanic or Black ethnicity, compared to White; reporting at least college education, compared to people with less than high school education; without health insurance. Conclusions: A sizeable proportion of respondents were motivated by their CAM use to undertake health behavior changes. CAM practices and practitioners could help improve patients’ health behavior and have potentially significant implications for public health and preventive medicine initiatives; this warrants further research attention.
Reliability and Repeatability of the Instrument for the Assessment of Stress in Nursing Students (ASNS)
Authors: Losa-Iglesias Marta Elena , Jiménez-Fernández Raquel , Alameda-Cuesta Almudena , Cid-Exposito Maria Gema , Rodriguez-Vazquez Rocío , Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives: Stress in nursing students is a very common experience, especially when they face clinical practice. The aims of this study were to perform a transcultural adaptation and to examine the reliability and repeatability of the Instrument for the Assessment of Stress in Nursing Students for a Spanish population. Methods: A test–retest analysis was carried out in two face-to-face sessions with the students with a lapse of 10 days between the two sessions. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between the months of May and June 2018. Sixty-four nursing students were recruited with a consecutive sampling method that targeted individuals in the freshman class. Results: A good internal consistency was shown for the total score (α = 0.8861) and for each of the six domains. The test–retest reliability, using the Wilcoxon paired test, was not significant, indicating no differences between the total scores or the domain scores (p ≥ 0.05). Finally, Bland and Altman plots of visual distributions did not show differences between the total scores and the domain scores. Conclusion: The Instrument for the Assessment of Stress in Nursing Students was shown to be a reliable tool for measuring stress factors among Spanish nursing students.
Reduced Salivary Mucin Binding and Glycosylation in Older Adults Influences Taste in an In Vitro Cell Model
Authors: Pushpass Rose-Anna G. , Pellicciotta Nicola , Kelly Charles , Proctor Gordon , Carpenter Guy H.
Published: September 2019

Background: Taste loss is a significant problem in older adults, affecting quality of life and nutrition. Altered salivary rheology and loss of mucin function may contribute to taste loss by reducing mucosal defences in the oral cavity, impairing sensitivity to oral stimulants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of salivary rheology on taste loss in ageing. Salivary mucin glycosylation and binding to the oral epithelium was investigated in older and younger adults. A cell-based model was utilised to consider the role of saliva in taste loss. Methods: Human subjects aged >60 years (n = 25) and 18–30 (n = 30) provided saliva samples which were analysed for viscosity, mucin composition and mucin binding to oral epithelial cells (TR146/MUC1). Oral epithelial cells (TR146/MUC1 and SCC090) provided models for taste receptor activation. Results: Reduced levels and sialylation of MUC7 were evident in saliva of older adults which may lead to reduced viscoelasticity, while viscosity is unaffected. Impaired muco-adhesion of saliva from older adults was also observed. Saliva from older adults facilitated the bitter taste receptor activation less well than saliva from younger adults. The causes of taste dysfunction in older adults are unknown, but this study supports a role of saliva in facilitating the activation of taste receptors.
Characterization of Sarcopenia in an IBD Population Attending an Italian Gastroenterology Tertiary Center
Authors: Pizzoferrato Marco , de Sire Roberto , Ingravalle Fabio , Mentella Maria Chiara , Petito Valentina , Martone Anna Maria , Landi Francesco , Miggiano Giacinto Abele Donato , Mele Maria Cristina , Lopetuso Loris Riccardo , Schiavoni Elisa , Napolitano Daniele , Turchini Laura , Poscia Andrea , Nicolotti Nicola , Papa Alfredo , Armuzzi Alessandro , Scaldaferri Franco , Gasbarrini Antonio
Published: September 2019

(1) Background: There is growing interest in the assessment of muscular mass in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as sarcopenia is associated with important outcomes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the percentage of sarcopenia in IBD patients, characterizing methods for assessment and clinical symptoms associated to it. (2) Methods: Consecutive IBD patients accessing the Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) were enrolled. Healthy patients, elderly or elderly sarcopenic patients, were enrolled as controls. Skeletal muscle mass was evaluated by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) or Bio-Impedensometric Analysis (BIA). Asthenia degree was assessed by subjective visual analogue scales (VAS). Quality of life was measured by the EQ-5D questionnaire. (3) Results: Patients with IBD showed a significant reduction in skeletal muscle mass than healthy controls with lower DEXA and BIA parameters. Moreover, IBD patients presented a lower perception of muscle strength with a higher incidence of asthenia and reduction in quality of life when compared with healthy controls. A significant association between loss in skeletal muscle mass and high asthenia degree was found, configuring a condition of sarcopenia in about one third of patients with IBD. (4) Conclusions: Sarcopenia is common in IBD patients and it is associated with fatigue perception as well as a reduction in quality of life. Therefore, routine assessment of nutritional status and body composition should be a cornerstone in clinical practice, bringing gastroenterologists and nutritionists closer together for a compact, defined picture.
What Is Next in This “Age” of Heme-Driven Pathology and Protection by Hemopexin? An Update and Links with Iron
Authors: Montecinos Luis , Eskew Jeffrey D. , Smith Ann
Published: September 2019

This review provides a synopsis of the published literature over the past two years on the heme-binding protein hemopexin (HPX), with some background information on the biochemistry of the HPX system. One focus is on the mechanisms of heme-driven pathology in the context of heme and iron homeostasis in human health and disease. The heme-binding protein hemopexin is a multi-functional protectant against hemoglobin (Hb)-derived heme toxicity as well as mitigating heme-mediated effects on immune cells, endothelial cells, and stem cells that collectively contribute to driving inflammation, perturbing vascular hemostasis and blood–brain barrier function. Heme toxicity, which may lead to iron toxicity, is recognized increasingly in a wide range of conditions involving hemolysis and immune system activation and, in this review, we highlight some newly identified actions of heme and hemopexin especially in situations where normal processes fail to maintain heme and iron homeostasis. Finally, we present preliminary data showing that the cytokine IL-6 cross talks with activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in response to heme-hemopexin in models of hepatocytes. This indicates another level of complexity in the cell responses to elevated heme via the HPX system when the immune system is activated and/or in the presence of inflammation.
Synthesis of Well-Defined Gold Nanoparticles Using Pluronic: The Role of Radicals and Surfactants in Nanoparticles Formation
Authors: Sokolsky-Papkov Marina , Kabanov Alexander
Published: September 2019

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNP) by reacting chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and Pluronic F127 was thoroughly investigated. The rate of reduction of HAuCl4 and the yield and morphology of GNP strongly depended on the concentration of the reactants and sodium chloride, as well as pH and temperature. Upon completion of the reaction heterogeneous mixtures of small GNP of defined shape and Pluronic aggregates were formed. GNP were separated from the excess of Pluronic by centrifugal filtration. Under optimized conditions the GNP were small (ca. 80 nm), uniform (PDI ~0.09), strongly negatively charged (ζ-potential −30 mV) and nearly spherical. They were stable in distilled water and phosphate-buffered saline. Purified GNP contained ~13% by weight of an organic component, yet presence of polypropylene oxide was not detected suggesting that Pluronic was not adsorbed on their surface. Analysis of the soluble products suggested that the copolymer undergoes partial degradation accompanied by cleavage of the C–O bonds and appearance of new primary hydroxyl groups. The reaction involves formation of free radicals and hydroperoxides depends on the oxygen concentration. GNP did not form at 4 °C when the micellization of Pluronic was abolished reinforcing the role of the copolymer self-assembly. In conclusion, this work provides insight into the mechanism of HAuCl4 reduction and GNP formation in the presence of Pluronic block copolymers. It is useful for improving the methods of manufacturing uniform and pure GNP that are needed as nanoscale building blocks in nanomedicine applications.
Large-Scale Mode Impacts on the Sea Level over the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
Authors: Alawad Kamal A. , Al-Subhi Abdullah M. , Alsaafani Mohammed A. , Alraddadi Turki M. , Ionita Monica , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: September 2019

Falling between seasonal cycle variability and the impact of local drivers, the sea level in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden has been given less consideration, especially with large-scale modes. With multiple decades of satellite altimetry observations combined with good spatial resolution, the time has come for diagnosis of the impact of large-scale modes on the sea level in those important semi-enclosed basins. While the annual cycle of sea level appeared as a dominant cycle using spectral analysis, the semi-annual one was also found, although much weaker. The first empirical orthogonal function mode explained, on average, about 65% of the total variance throughout the seasons, while their principal components clearly captured the strong La Niña event (1999–2001) in all seasons. The sea level showed a strong positive relation with positive phase El Niño Southern Oscillation in all seasons and a strong negative relation with East Atlantic/West Russia during winter and spring over the study period (1993–2017). We show that the unusually stronger easterly winds that are displaced north of the equator generate an upwelling area near the Sumatra coast and they drive both warm surface and deep-water masses toward the West Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea, rising sea level over the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. This process could explain the increase of sea level in the basin during the positive phase of El Niño Southern Oscillation events.
DepthLearn: Learning to Correct the Refraction on Point Clouds Derived from Aerial Imagery for Accurate Dense Shallow Water Bathymetry Based on SVMs-Fusion with LiDAR Point Clouds
Authors: Agrafiotis Panagiotis , Skarlatos Dimitrios , Georgopoulos Andreas , Karantzalos Konstantinos
Published: September 2019

The determination of accurate bathymetric information is a key element for near offshore activities; hydrological studies, such as coastal engineering applications, sedimentary processes, hydrographic surveying, archaeological mapping and biological research. Through structure from motion (SfM) and multi-view-stereo (MVS) techniques, aerial imagery can provide a low-cost alternative compared to bathymetric LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) surveys, as it offers additional important visual information and higher spatial resolution. Nevertheless, water refraction poses significant challenges on depth determination. Till now, this problem has been addressed through customized image-based refraction correction algorithms or by modifying the collinearity equation. In this article, in order to overcome the water refraction errors in a massive and accurate way, we employ machine learning tools, which are able to learn the systematic underestimation of the estimated depths. In particular, an SVR (support vector regression) model was developed, based on known depth observations from bathymetric LiDAR surveys, which is able to accurately recover bathymetry from point clouds derived from SfM-MVS procedures. Experimental results and validation were based on datasets derived from different test-sites, and demonstrated the high potential of our approach. Moreover, we exploited the fusion of LiDAR and image-based point clouds towards addressing challenges of both modalities in problematic areas.
Evaluating the Willingness to Pay for Using Recycled Water for Irrigation
Authors: Lazaridou Dimitra , Michailidis Anastasios , Mattas Konstantinos
Published: September 2019

The present study attempts to estimate individuals’ willingness to pay for recycled water irrigation, in order to enhance the water supply and ensure the continuation of irrigated agriculture in Nestos catchment. Contingent valuation method has been developed for the investigation of farmers’ preferences, in monetary terms, to adopt this alternative water source for irrigation purposes. The applied method is regularly followed in the framework of environmental valuation. The results of the survey are based on data collected from questionnaires, which were answered by respondents at a river basin scale. In a representative sample of 302 farmers, we find that 64.2% of them expressed a positive stance towards using recycled water, a fact that results in lower environmental impacts. However, findings indicate that participants are willing to pay a significantly less amount of money than they already pay, for freshwater. Additionally, the analysis demonstrates that the use of recycled water in agriculture is more acceptable to respondents who are aware of its environmental benefits. Therefore, the provision of complete information on the welfare of using recycled water for irrigation to farmers may lead to greater adoption intention and a greater environmental benefit.
The Success of Water Refill Stations Reducing Single-Use Plastic Bottle Litter
Authors: Willis Kathryn , Hardesty Britta Denise , Vince Joanna , Wilcox Chris
Published: September 2019

Bottled water is one sector of the beverage industry that has recently experienced substantial growth. The littering of plastic water bottles and the carbon emissions produced from bottled water production results in harmful effects on the environment. To reduce the harm of bottled water production and litter, government and non-government organisations have implemented litter abatement and behavioural change strategies targeting bottled water consumption and subsequent loss of bottles to the environment. Our study evaluated the success of one of these strategies, which is a filtered water refill station, implemented along the Brisbane River in Queensland, Australia. We found plastic bottle litter decreased after a water refill station was put into operation. However, given the location of the refill station, we suggest the behavioural change strategy employed did not reach its full potential. We highlight factors that could be employed to achieve maximum benefits when implementing similar behavioural change strategies.
Tribonacci Numbers and Some Related Interesting Identities
Authors: Zhou Shujie , Chen Li
Published: September 2019

The main purpose of this paper is, by using elementary methods and symmetry properties of the summation procedures, to study the computational problem of a certain power series related to the Tribonacci numbers, and to give some interesting identities for these numbers.