bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trans of Color Critique before Transsexuality
Authors: Gill-Peterson Julian
Published: November 2018

How has a reliance on the medical archive distorted the intelligibility of trans of color life in the past? This essay interrogates the limit points of black trans and trans of color life in the early twentieth century. Examining a case at the Johns Hopkins Hospital from the 1930s where medical protocol was confounded by a black trans patient's refusal to cooperate, the author asks what the silence and unknowability produced around this person's life might do in the service of trans of color studies. Complicated by the fact that federal privacy regulations governing the medical archive actually serve to protect the doctor, not the patient in this case, prohibiting disclosure of the contents of the archive, the author works to transform the impossibility of recuperating a black trans or trans of color subject into a positive condition for the advancement of a trans of color critique that undermines medicine's reason.
Image Politics and Disturbing Temporalities
Authors: Carvajal Fernanda
Published: November 2018

This article analyzes the use of images in the press coverage on the first trans woman in Chile who managed to successfully change her legal gender in 1974, under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, and who identified herself with the name of Marcia Alejandra. First, the author explains how sex change worked as a device in Chile during that period. Then, the author discusses a leaflet with photographs of Marcia Alejandra, configured according to the rhetoric of “before” and “after” her gender reassignment surgery, in order to analyze how these images published in the press disrupt our understanding of the political and medical narratives on the body that encode trans historicities, and even of a progressive temporality itself.
“Trans*historicities”
Authors: Bychowski M. W. , Chiang Howard , Halberstam Jack , Lau Jacob , Long Kathleen P. , Ochoa Marcia , Snorton C. Riley , DeVun Leah , Tortorici Zeb
Published: November 2018

“Trans*historicities: A Roundtable Discussion” offers reflections on how thinking about time and chronology has impacted scholarship in trans studies in recent years. Contributing scholars come from numerous disciplines that touch on history, and have expertise in far-ranging geographic and temporal fields. As a broad conversation about some of the potential possibilities and difficulties in seeking out—and finding—trans in historical contexts, this discussion focuses on the complex interrelations between trans, time, and history.
Muscle strength deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction in a muscular dystrophy model of C. elegans and its functional response to drugs
Authors: Hewitt Jennifer E. , Pollard Amelia K. , Lesanpezeshki Leila , Deane Colleen S. , Gaffney Christopher J. , Etheridge Timothy , Szewczyk Nathaniel J. , Vanapalli Siva A.
Published: November 2018

Muscle strength is a key clinical parameter used to monitor the progression of human muscular dystrophies including Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. Although Caenorhabditis elegans is an established genetic model for studying mechanisms and treatments of muscular dystrophies, analogous strength-based measurements in this disease model are lacking. Here we describe the first demonstration of the direct measurement of muscular strength in dystrophin-deficient C. elegans mutants using a micropillar-based force measurement system called NemaFlex. We show that dys-1(eg33) mutants, but not dys-1(cx18) mutants, are significantly weaker than their wild-type counterparts in early adulthood, cannot thrash in liquid at wild-type rates, and display mitochondrial network fragmentation in the body wall muscles as well as abnormally high baseline mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, treatment with prednisone, the standard treatment for muscular dystrophy in humans, and melatonin both improve muscular strength, thrashing rate, and mitochondrial network integrity in dys-1(eg33), and prednisone treatment also returns baseline respiration to normal levels. Thus, our results demonstrate that the dys-1(eg33) strain is more clinically relevant than dys-1(cx18) for muscular dystrophy studies in C. elegans. This finding in combination with the novel NemaFlex platform can be used as an efficient workflow for identifying candidate compounds that can improve strength in the C. elegans muscular dystrophy model. Our study also lays the foundation for further probing of the mechanism of muscle function loss in dystrophin-deficient C. elegans, leading to knowledge translatable to human muscular dystrophy.
Electronic Markets and Geographic Competition Among Small, Local Firms
Authors: Kitchens Brent , Kumar Anuj , Pathak Praveen
Published: November 2018

We study the impact of electronic markets on small, boutique firms selling presence goods or services—goods or services that must be consumed at the selling firm’s location. These firms have recently begun to compete on electronic markets by selling goods and services through local daily deal sites, such as Groupon and LivingSocial. We extract publicly available activity and spatial information from Groupon, LivingSocial, Google Maps, and Flickr to construct a unique panel data set to study daily deals offered by restaurants and spa vendors in geographical clusters of concentration in 167 distinct cities. This data set allows us to examine the effect of location on the competition vendors face in electronic markets. We find that as vendors in a particular geographical cluster participate in electronic markets, local competition increases and other vendors in that cluster join the electronic market and deepen discounts in response. However, vendors in other clusters in the same city remain relatively unaffected. We further analyze vendor ratings from Yelp and other infomediaries, to show that lesser known and low-quality vendors utilize the advertising effect of electronic markets to increase their awareness among customers. We further test the moderating effect of horizontal and vertical differentiation among firms in geographical clusters on competition in electronic markets, using measures extracted from UrbanSpoon.com. We find that clusters having lower differentiation experience higher competitive effects of firms joining the electronic market. Our findings provide empirical validation of the analytical results in existing literature in an important and understudied context: competition among small businesses selling presence goods and services. Our results have implications for firms and electronic market platforms.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0754 .
Ideologías y cultura de masas: aviso para navegantes
Authors: Salazar-Anglada Aníbal
Published: November 2018

Se trata de una reseña del volumen de Antonio PINEDA, Jorge David FERNÁNDEZ GÓMEZ y Adrián HUICI (eds.). Ideologías políticas en la cultura de masas. Madrid: Tecnos, 2018.
Deconstruyendo la resiliencia urbana
Authors: Aurrekoetxea Casaus Maite
Published: November 2018

Las ciudades de todo el mundo se enfrentan a un reto, el cambio climático, que ha pasado de ser una amenaza a un hecho. La dimensión glocal del cambio climático hace de las ciudades los principales actores para la adaptación a los efectos perturbadores de dicho cambio. Desde The Rockefeller Foundation se adopta la misión de promover un cambio de perspectiva en la gestión de los sistemas urbanos, la resiliencia urbana. A través de su programa 100resilientcities trata de facilitar la construcción de ciudades resilientes. Este estudio explora cómo se ha abordado el pensamiento resiliente en las cinco ciudades europeas que han diseñado su Estrategia de Resiliencia Urbana de la mano de The Rockefeller Foundation. Utilizando el análisis de contenido como herramienta metodológica y el programa MAXQDA, se han explorado las dimensiones que configuran la ciudad resiliente. Los resultados del análisis de las cinco Estrategias de Resiliencia urbana muestran una divergencia de metas y acciones en el camino de la construcción de la ciudad. No obstante, lejos de convertirse en una limitación, los resultados avalan la utilidad del marco teórico-conceptual utilizado en la comprensión del concepto de resiliencia urbana.
Políticas de higienización y gentrificación. Aportaciones desde el urbanismo latinoamericano
Authors: Díaz Parra Ibán , Cuberos Gallardo Francisco José
Published: November 2018

Este trabajo analiza la relación entre un modelo de urbanismo higienista y los procesos de gentrificación actualmente observables en las grandes ciudades latinoamericanas. La investigación se centra en los enclaves de Regina (Ciudad de México) y El Abasto (Buenos Aires), y a nivel metodológico se basa en una combinación de técnicas de revisión bibliográfica y documental y trabajo de campo etnográfico. Los datos recabados subrayan la importancia de la aplicación de políticas urbanísticas de tipo higienista para imponer los usos potencialmente más rentables del espacio en el contexto latinoamericano.
El “Efecto Bilbao”. La expresión de una excepción o un camino a imitar
Authors: Leonardo Aurtenetxe Jon Joseba
Published: November 2018

El artículo se inscribe en la discusión académica sobre las políticas territoriales y urbanas orientadas hacia el rol dinamizador de los grandes equipamientos urbanos. En este caso, sobre el papel jugado por el Museo Guggenheim en la revitalización del área metropolitana bilbaína. Se trataría en términos de Lynch de un “landmark” que deja de ser un atributo vinculado a la morfología urbana para devenir artefacto singular derivados de la manipulación arquitectónica del espacio. El análisis progresa por el conjunto de programas estratégicos de intervención urbana en el que se inserta la revitalización de la ciudad contemporánea.
Modalidades mixtas de producción de hábitat por parte de sectores populares: organizaciones sociales y Estado. El caso de la Organización Barrial Tupac Amaru en Jujuy-Argentina
Authors: Torres Fernanda Valeria
Published: November 2018

El presente trabajo recupera algunos debates respecto a las modalidades de acceso al suelo urbano y a la vivienda por parte de sectores medios y bajos en las ciudades latinoamericanas (Abramo, 2003), situando dicho debate a la luz del proceso protagonizado por una organización social en la ciudad de San Salvador de Jujuy: la Organización Barrial Tupac Amaru (OBTA). Se trata de una organización que construyó barrios de viviendas sociales en diferentes localidades de la provincia y, especialmente, en la ciudad capital de San Salvador de Jujuy, transformándose en un actor económico, político y social de considerable peso, que se articuló de manera particular con el Estado y sus políticas habitacionales. En primer lugar, se reconstruirá brevemente el contexto socioeconómico del período denominado de la posconvertibilidad en Argentina y se caracterizará el rol del Estado, especialmente en lo atinente a las políticas habitacionales durante dicho período, teniendo presente en ambos ejes las particularidades del contexto subnacional de Jujuy. En segundo lugar, se presentará a la organización bajo estudio, prestándole atención a las disputas que protagonizaron a la hora de poner bajo un signo de interrogación el modelo de ciudad imperante en Jujuy, a través del proceso de producción de hábitat popular. Por último, se presentarán los resultados que, bajo la clave de lectura elegida, permiten repensar las modalidades populares de producción de las ciudades, organizadas de manera mixta entre el Estado y las organizaciones sociales y políticas, en contextos de redefinición del rol estatal.
The use of slack for medical residency development and recruiting
Authors: Sarkisian Simon A. , Kagel Andrew
Published: November 2018

As technology evolves, medical residency programmes must evolve as well. Slack is a cloud-based team collaborative application that was used by our Emergency Medicine Residency Program to not only streamline communication but also help in recruiting new residents. The majority of medical students auditioning for our programme responded to our use of Slack in a positive manner. We encourage other residency programmes to adopt a similar communication platform to attract the best applicant in a pool of modern learners.
Automated conflict resolution between multiple clinical pathways: a technology report
Authors: Litchfield Ian , Turner Alice , Backman Ruth , Filho João Bosco Ferreira , Weber Phil , Lee Mark
Published: November 2018

Background

The number of people in the UK with three or more long-term conditions continues to grow and the management of patients with co-morbidities is complex. In treating patients with multimorbidities, a fundamental problem is understanding and detecting points of conflict between different guidelines which to date has relied on individual clinicians collating disparate information.

Objective

We will develop a framework for modelling a diverse set of care pathways, and investigate how conflicts can be detected and resolved automatically. We will use this knowledge to develop a software tool for use by clinicians that can map guidelines, highlight root causes of conflict between these guidelines and suggest ways they might be resolved.

Method

Our work consists of three phases. First, we will accurately model clinical pathways for six of the most common chronic diseases; second, we will automatically identify and detect sources of conflict across the pathways and how they might be resolved. Third, we will present a case study to prove the validity of our approach using a team of clinicians to detect and resolve the conflicts in the treatment of a fictional patient with multiple common morbidities and compare their findings and recommendations with those derived automatically using our novel software.

Discussion

This paper describes the development of an important software-based method for identifying a conflict between clinical guidelines. Our findings will support clinicians treating patients with multimorbidity in both primary and secondary care settings.
Perceptions of adopters versus non-adopters of a patient portal: an application of diffusion of innovation theory
Authors: Emani Srinivas , Peters Ellen , Desai Sonali , Karson Andrew S. , Lipsitz Stuart R. , LaRocca Rajani , Stone John , Suric Vlad , Wald Jonathan S. , Wheeler Amy , Williams Deborah H. , Bates David W.
Published: November 2018

Background

Patient portals have emerged as an important tool through which patients can access online health information and engage in their health care. However, we know little about how patients perceive portals and whether patient perceptions might influence portal adoption.

Objective

Apply the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory to assess perceptions of adopters and non-adopters of a patient portal.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of adopters and non-adopters of the portal. Our survey consisted of perceived attributes from the DOI theory, socio-demographic characteristics and patient perceptions of technology adoption.

Results

Three factors representing perceived attributes from DOI theory accounted for 73% of the variance in the data: Factor 1 – Relative Advantage (27%); Factor 2 – Ease of Use (24%) and Factor 3 – Trialability (22%). Adopters perceived greater Relative Advantage [mean (SD)] = 3.8 (0.71)versus3.2 (0.89),p< 0.001, Ease of Use = 4.1 (0.71)versus3.3 (0.95),p< 0.001 and Trialability = 4.0 (0.57)versus3.4 (0.99),p< 0.001 than non-adopters. In multivariate modelling, age [OR = 3.75, 95% CI: (2.17, 6.46),p< 0.001] and income [OR = 1.87, 95% CI: (1.17, 3.00),p< 0.01] predicted adoption of the portal. Among DOI factors, Relative advantage predicted adoption of the portal [OR = 1.48, 95% CI: (1.03, 2.11),p< 0.05].

Conclusion

Patients will adopt a patient portal if they perceive it to offer a relative advantage over existing practices such as telephoning or visiting the doctor’s office. Organisations seeking to increase the adoption of patient portals should implement strategies to promote the relative advantage of portals as, for example, through posters in waiting and exam rooms. A digital divide in the adoption of patient portals may exist with respect to age and income.
ADENOCARCINOMA OF COLON AND RENAL CARCINOMA OF CLEAR SYNCHRONIC CELLS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sousa Morgana Tavares Dantas , Macêdo Antonio Taumaturgo Sampaio , Rolim Marco Antônio Bezerra , Mendonça Roberto De Souza , Silva José Carlos Apolonio da , Carvalho Neto Ariovaldo , Batista Isabelita De Luna , Batista Hermes Melo Teixeira
Published: November 2018

This study reported the case of a patient with a diagnosis of colonic and renal synchronic tumors: Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of sigmoid and renal carcinoma of the synchronic clear cell variant in a 66-year-old female patient who were surgically resected in a single approach in an Oncology service in the interior of the State of Ceará, Brazil. For data collection, records of the medical record, interview with the patient and the surgeon responsible for the case, photographic record of the diagnostic methods to which the patient was submitted, and literature review were used. It followed all the ethical principles established by law 466/2012. From this study it was concluded that: a) the incidence of colorectal cancer and synchronic renal cell carcinoma ranges from 0.03 to 4.85% in the analyzed literature, b) risk factors for synchronic tumors include genetic and environmental factors; c) renal cell carcinoma is usually diagnosed by performing preoperative tests for staging of abdominal carcinomas. Still, large prospective studies are necessary to define the best therapeutic strategy, however, some authors have confirmed that simultaneous laparoscopic resection of both neoplasms is possible and presents low morbidity and mortality. Keywords: synchronic tumor, colon cancer, renal cancer.
Fotoblastismo e temperaturas na germinação de sementes de celosias
Authors: Menegaes Janine Farias , Barbieri Geovana Facco , Bellé Rogério Antônio , Nunes Ubirajara Russi
Published: November 2018

Germination is the result of the triggering of various processes occurred in the seed, which are influenced by the environmental conditions, especially light and temperature. In this way, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different temperatures and photoblastic on the germination of cockscomb seeds. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomizeddesign, with a 2 x 5 factorial scheme (two lighting regimes and five temperatures), with four replicates of 50 seeds, for two species of cockscomb (Celosia argentea L. and C. cristata L.). The lighting regimes were with absence (dark continuous) and the presence of light (photoperiod of 24 h), and temperatures were constant at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ºC. The seed lots of the two species of cockscomb were cultivated in 2012 and stored in a cold chamber (15 ºC and 40% RH), with an average moisture content of 11% and a mean germination of 98%. The results of the laboratory tests indicated that the two species of cockscomb presented fast germination in average 2.5 and 4.5 days for the regimes with presence and absence of illumination, respectively, characterizing as neutral photoblastic species. However, it was observed that the temperature is a limiting factor for the germination of the two species of cockscomb, having its optimal thermal range between 20 and 30 ºC.
Pickpockets, Pilot Boys, and Prostitutes: The Construction of Juvenile Delinquency in the Gold Coast [Colonial Ghana], c. 1929–57
Authors: Hynd Stacey
Published: November 2018

In twentieth-century Gold Coast, youth offending became a metonymy for wider concerns about the impact of urbanization and colonial modernity. Urbanization, migration, unemployment, poverty, the disintegration of family and “tribal” structures, and Western culture were all blamed for the emergence of delinquency. This article analyzes changing constructions and treatment of delinquency from c.1929 to 1957, drawing on contemporary sociological research, popular culture, and metropolitan debates, as well as archival material from prisons, welfare, and probation departments in Accra. Whereas in other parts of West Africa, fears about delinquency focused on gangs and violence, the main categories of delinquency in the Gold Coast were theft, “immoral” offenses, intelligent offenders and proto-criminals, and “care and protection” cases. Rehabilitation was marked by a constant tension among punishment, reform, and the construction of economically productive colonial citizens. Juvenile delinquency formed a significant and symbolic part of the disciplinary techniques, discourses, and institutions of the late colonial state.
Fodiology: African American Heritage Connections to West African Islam
Authors: Mack Beverly
Published: November 2018

By the miracle of poetic time-travel, West African Shehu Usman ’dan Fodio (1754–1817) and his daughter Nana Asma’u (1793–1864) arrived in Pittsburgh, PA, at the end of the twentieth century, and settled into the Muslim Light of the Age (Zaman Nur) community by the beginning of the twenty-first century. Nana Asma’u was more than just a legend in her own time (nineteenth century) and place (Sokoto, Nigeria): her high regional profile and contemporary notoriety in Pittsburgh—two centuries and an ocean away from her home—attest to her prominence among contemporary Muslim American women, who revere her ethics and study her poetic works. Their revival of Asma’u’s leadership is part of the greater community’s intentional emulation of the Qadiriyya Sufi Fodio family of northern Nigeria. This study documents how a group of American Muslims frame, practice, and understand West African Qadiriyya Islam by following the religious and cultural traditions of the scholarly Fodio family in the areas of scholarship, service, attire, and artistry. In doing so, they are preserving West African Islamic traditions of their heritage by adapting these practices to the needs of their contemporary American community.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PASAR TRADISIONAL DI ERA LIBERALISASI PERDAGANGAN
Authors: Dewi Ni Komang Devayanti
Published: November 2018

Masuknya investasi untuk berinvestasi di sektor pasar modern, menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi aktivitas dan perkembangan ekonomi rakyat kecil dalam hal ini adalah usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah di pasar tradisional.  Bahkan keberadaan pasar tradisional di perkotaan semakin memprihatinkan dan bahkan terancam gulung tikar dengan semakin pesatnya pertumbuh dan perkembangan pembangunan pasar modern. Tujuan penulisan tulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui tantangan terhadap pasar tradisional di tengah pengaruh globalisasi dan liberalisasi perdagangan serta mengetahui perlindungan hukum bagi pasar tradisional di era liberalisasi perdagangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian hukum normatif. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu Tantangan terhadap pasar tradisional di tengah pengaruh globalisasi dan liberalisasi perdagangan ditandai dengan masuknya arus investasi di Indonesia yang telah melanda seluruh bidang penanaman modal dari suatu daerah menuju kedaerah yang lain yang paling menguntungkan, Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pasar Tradisional di Era Liberalisasi Perdagangan dalam dilihat dalam Peraturan Presiden RI No. 112 Tahun 2007 , Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan RI No. 56/M-DAG/PER/9/2014, dan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri RI No. 20 Tahun 2012.
IMPLIKASI PEMBERIAN INSENTIF PAJAK DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN INVESTASI DI BIDANG PARIWISATA DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Sofyarto Karlina , Sa’adah Nabitatus
Published: November 2018

Pemerintah Kota Padang mengeluarkan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 11 Tahun 2009 tentang Pemberian Insentif dan Pemberian Kemudahan. Perda tersebut berfungsi sebagai regulasi bagi investor yang akan menanamkan modalnya di Kota Padang. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan yuridis empiris dengan spesifikasi penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitis. Hal yang dikaji yaitu bagaimana kebijakan hukum Pemerintah Kota Padang dalam mendorong peningkatan investasi di bidang pariwisata. Kedua, bagaimana dampak pemberian insentif pajak terhadap peningkatan investasi di bidang pariwisata di Kota Padang. Penerapan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (PTSP) di bidang penanaman modal yang didukung dengan Sistem Pelayanan Informasi dan Perizinan Investasi Secara Elektronik (SPIPISE) merupakan salah satu cara menarik investor berinvestasi. Upaya tersebut mengalami peningkatan meskipun belum mencapai target yang diharapkan.
URGENSI REKONSTRUKSI HUKUM E-COMMERCE DI INDONESIA
Authors: Anjani Margaretha Rosa , Santoso Budi
Published: November 2018

Pada era ekonomi digital, penggunaan media internet sebagai sarana perdagangan secara elektronik (e-commerce) mengalami perkembangan  yang signifikan . Keberadaan regulasi e-commerce  di indonesia  belum secara komprehensif  dalam  memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap para pelaku e-commerce.Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini yaitu tentang aspek pengaturan hukum bagi pelaksaan e-commerce di Malaysia dan di Indonesia dan tentang pengaturan e-commerce yang diharapkan yang dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Metode pendekatan yang digunakanadalah yuridis normatif atau penelitian hukum doktrinal, dimana penelitian hukum ini menekankan pada penelaahan dokumen-dokumen hukum dan bahan-bahan pustaka yang berkaitan dengan pokok-pokok permasalahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa kebijakan hukum di bidang e-commerce pada dasarnya telah diatur dan diakui di Indonesia, namun pengaturan tersebut masih secara parsial atau sebagian dari kegiatan e-commerce, Indonesia belum memiliki regulasi yang mengatur secara spesifik aturan-aturan dasar dan infrastruktur-infrastruktur teknis yang mendukung realisasi e-commerce. Sedangkan Malaysia telah memiliki peraturan khusus bagi pelaksanaan e-commerce. Dimana undang-undang ini mengakomodir undang-undang lainnya yang mendukung pelaksaan e-commerce. Saran yang dapat diberikan melalui hasil penelitian ini adalah diperlukannya undang-undang khusus yang mengatur e-commerce untuk memberikan perlindungan dan kepastian bagi para pihak yang bertransaksi secara elektronik dan dapat membangun sistem penyelesaian sengketa melalui Online Dispute Resolution.
SEVERAL STRATEGIES TO ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY
Authors: Ramadhan Diastama Anggita
Published: November 2018

The death penalty practice have been an issue in various country. Since the deployment of the ICCPR, there are many country have succesfully abolish the practice of the death penalty or put it in to a moratorium. This international regulation is also affected the developing country. From all over country around the world, several developing countries are still actively use the death penalty as their capital punishment. They argued that executing people have successfully decrease the level of crime in their country. However, it is important to understand that the international regulation are ordered country to abolish the death penalty. This article then will give several strategies for developing country in order to promote the abolishment of the death penalty in all condition.Keyword: Death Penalty; Abolition; Strategy.
MENCARI HUKUM YANG BERKEADILAN BAGI ANAK MELALUI DIVERSI
Authors: Priamsari Rr Putri A
Published: November 2018

Mencari hukum yang berkeadilan bagi anak melalui diversi, tidak jarang justru dimanfaatkan hanya untuk menghindarkan pelaku anak dari pidana penjara saja, tanpa benar-benar memahami konsep keadilan restoratif. Kewajiban bagi Polisi, Jaksa dan Hakim untuk melaksanakan diversi pada tiap-tiap tahap penanganan perkara, tidak menjamin keadilan restoraktif bagi pelaku anak akan terwujud, karena pelaksanaan diversi tidak mengedepankan tentang kesejahteraan anak dan pengaruhnya terhadap psikologi anak. Pengaturan diversi dalam PERMA Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 tentang Diversi yang mewajibkan diversi tetap dilaksanakan terhadap anak pelaku pidana berat dalam hal dakwaan disusun sedemikian rupa, membuktikan bahwa proses hukum bagi pelaku anak dalam suasana ramah bagi anak dengan konsep pelaku anak dianggap belum tentu bersalah hingga terbukti sah dan meyakinkan, justru lebih memberikan keadilan restoraktif bagi pelaku anak dan korban.Kata kunci : Diversi; Keadilan Restoratif; Anak.
FUNGSI PENGAWASAN DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN PERATURAN DAERAH MENGENAI ANGGARAN PENDAPATAN DAN BELANJA DAERAH DI KABUPATEN BATANG
Authors: Abidin Benny , Herawati Ratna
Published: November 2018

Implementasi Perda APBD Kabupaten Batang pada periode 2016 dari sisi pengawasan DPRD sebagai mitra Kepala Daerah sebagai penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah pada era otonomi daerah berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Tulisan membahas dan menganalisa pola pengawasan DPRD terhadap perda APBD yang memiliki implikasi tercapainya tujuan pembangunan daerah sesuai dengan perda perencanaan pembangunan daerah (RPJPD/RPJMD). Metode penelitian yang digunakan yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang terdiri bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder serta analisa data bersifat kualitatif. Pengawasan DPRD Kabupaten Batang terhadap Perda APBD belum berjalan maksimal yang disebabkan fungsi pengawasan DPRD Kabupaten Batang lebih didominasi pengawasan teknis-fungsional daripada pengawasan politik. Polla pengawasan DPRD Kabupaten Batang belum berorientasi pada visi-misi, tujuan dan sasaran pembangunan Kabupaten Batang 2012-2017. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengawasan DPRD Batang terhadap pelaksanaan Perda APBD Batang 2016 adalah faktor hukum, aparat penegak hukum, fasilitas dan sarana prasarana penegakan hukum dan faktor masyarakat (Budaya). Faktor hukum sendiri telah dapat menciptakan kondisi pengawasan DPRD berjalan efektif. Faktor aparat penegak hukum, fasilitas dan sarana prasarana penegakan hukum dan faktor masyarakat (Budaya) masih menjadi menjadi penghambat pengawasan DPRD Batang terhadap pelaksanaan Perda APBD Batang 2016. Hambatan-hambatan tersebut adalah belum terjalin koordinasi dan sinergi antar aparat pengawasan fungsional dan DPRD Kabupaten Batang, belum digunakan dengan baik pola penganggaran berbasis kinerja, belum optimalnya penerapan budaya berbasis kinerja dan belum tersedianya mekanisme partisipasi masyarakat dalam perencanaan dan penganggaran.Kata Kunci: Otonomi Daerah; Check and Balances; Good Governance; Pengawasan.
KAJIAN LEGALITAS DAN MANAJEMEN MEREK PADA UMKM MUNAKU SULAM PITA SEMARANG
Authors: Sukmadewi Yudhitiya Dyah
Published: November 2018

Pengaturan merek di Indonesia diatur dalam UU No.20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis (selanjutnya disebut UU Merek) tidak diimbangi dengan kesadaran pendaftaran merek khususnya UMKM. Pengkajian dilakukan pada salah satu Pelaku Usaha UMKM di Kota Semarang yaitu “Munaku Sulam Pita” dengan fokus permasalahan yaitu faktor pendukung pelaku usaha dalam menentukan merek dagang, pelaksanaan implementasi UU Merek pada pelaku usaha, dan urgensi pelaksanaan implementasi UU Merek dalam kegiatan usaha. Pengkajian dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis empiris dengan pengkajian data primer sebagai data utama serta dilengkapi dengan data sekunder. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan sudah ada kesadaran hukum pada subyek yang diteliti namun terkendala pada kurangnya perhatian Lembaga terkait.Kata kunci : Pendaftaran Merek; UMKM; Hukum Bisnis.
Inhibitory effects of various solvent extracts from Rhamnus frangula leaves on some inflammatory and metabolic enzymes
Authors: Ben Bacha Abir , Jemel Ikram , Bhat Ramesa Shafi , Onizi Mona Awad
Published: November 2018

Many enzymes are involved in numerous pathologies which are related to metabolic reactions and inflammatory diseases such as pancreatic lipase, Î±-amylase, Î±-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase and secreted phospholipases A2 (Group IIA, V and X), respectively. Therefore, inhibiting these enzymes offer the potential to block production of more inflammatory substances and decrease the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate some potent, bioavailable and selective inhibitors of some catalytic proteins implicated to metabolic syndrome and their antioxidant effects from various solvent extracts of R. frangula leaves. The anti-inflammatory, obesity, diabete and XO potentials were evaluated through analyses of inhibition activities of corresponding metabolites.The water extract exhibited an important inhibitory effect on human, dromedary and stingray sPLA2-G IIA achieved an IC50 of 0.16±0.06, 0.19±0.05 and 0.07±0.01 mg/mL, respectively. Likewise, the same fraction demonstrated the highest pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity using two different substrates. Indeed, 50% of dromedary pancreatic lipase inhibition was demonstrated for 5 min and 15 min using olive oil and TC4 substrates, respectively. Besides, it was established that methanolic extract had more effective inhibitory lipase activity than ORLISTAT used as a specific inhibitor of gastric, pancreatic and carboxyl ester lipase for treating obesity, with an IC50 of 5.51±0.27 and 91.46±2.3 µg/mL, respectively. In the case of Î±-amylase, Î±-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase, the crude methanolic extract showed a potential inhibitory effect with an IC50 of 45±3.45, 3±0.15 and 27±1.71 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusively, R. frangula leaves extracts showed a potential value of some sPLA2, some metabolic enzymes and XO inhibitors as anti-inflammatory and metabolic syndrome drugs.
Comparison of the cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects of Sugammadex and Neostigmine on human embryonic renal cell (HEK-293)
Authors: Büyükfırat Evren , Koyuncu ć°smail , Karahan Mahmut Alp , Binici Orhan , Altay Nuray , Kirmit Adnan , Gönel Ataman
Published: November 2018

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, including Neostigmine, have been used to reverse neuromuscular blockage for many years. Sugammadex reverses this blockage using its gamma cyclodextrin ring, a mechanism that differs from that of cholinesterases and so circumvents the side effects of Neostigmine. Although the superiority of Sugammadex to Neostigmine has been outlined in several clinical studies, to our knowledge, there is not any research into cell culture that compares the cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects of the two drugs. Hence, this is the first study to compare the cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects of different dosages of both drugs on human embryonic renal (HEK-293) cells. In this study, the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and apoptotic effects of Sugammadex and Neostigmine on HEK-293 cells were analyzed with using the MTT, Comet Assay and Flow Cytometric Annexin-V methods, respectively. The results demonstrate that Neostigmine at 50, 100, 250, and 500 µg/mL is more cytotoxic than equivalent dosages of Sugammadex. Neostigmine at 500 and 1000 µg/mL was found to be more genotoxic, and Neostigmine at 500 µg/mL had a statistically higher risk of causing apoptosis and necrosis than Sugammadex (p<0.05). Neostigmine administered in-vitro in the same doses as Sugammadex had greater cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects on HEK-293 cells.
The highly conserved domain of RND multidrug efflux pumps in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Shahini Shams Abadi Milad , Gholipour Abolfazl , Hadi Nahal
Published: November 2018

RND (Resistance-Nodulation-Division) family transporters have a vital role in both intrinsic and acquired multi-drug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. It is important to find a conserved domain in the RND family between different pathogenic bacteria for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. Total sequences of three-component system RND efflux pumps were retrieved from NCBI nucleotide and protein database and were subjected to conservation and variation analysis using the multiple sequence alignment feature of the CLC workbench. The phylogenetic tree for main transporters was drawn and the three-dimensional structure was also evaluated. From the sequence conservation analysis, highly conserved residues with 282 base pair (94 amino acid) long were identified. The location of the highly conserved domain is positioned in the domain 1 crystallographic structure of AcrB Escherichia coli and MexB Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The main transporter component phylogenetic tree shows the clusters of diï¬€erent genotypes and their evolutionary association.  Each of three components of RND proteins is crucial for drug efflux, and the absence of even one component makes the entire complex totally nonfunctional. Therefore, this highly conserved region can be used to disable the RND multidrug efflux pumps. In addition, this highly conserved can also be used for diagnostic aspects.
Can Panax Ginseng protect against fertility disorders in hypothyroid female albino rats?
Authors: Elgoly Amany H Mahmoud , Wahman Lobna F , Yousef Magda HM
Published: November 2018

Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder due to decreased thyroid hormone production. This endocrine disorder significantly affects the menstrual cycle and fertility. The aim of this present study was to assess the efficacy of Panax ginseng, one of traditional Chinese medicine, in ameliorating the gonadal hormonal dysfunction and lowering oxidative stress accompanied with hypothyroidism in adult female albino rats. After confirming regularity of the oestrus cycle in the female rats in this study, hypothyroidism was induced by using daily 5.0 mg kg-1 oral dose of Neo-mercazole. The hypothyroid rats were randomly grouped into two groups; hypothyroid group (H): did not received any treatment, group II (H+G) was treated with Panax ginseng extract for one months after hypothyroidism induction. Another two groups were included in the study, a negative control group (Euthyroid group) and a positive control group; received Panax ginseng extract only. Hypothyroidism resulted in irregularity of oestrus cycle accompanied with decrease in luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2), while prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T) hormone were significantly elevated. Hypothyroidism elevated capsae-3 and 8OH-deoxy guanosine expression and increased secretion of corticosterone and ERK1/2. This study showed that Panax ginseng improved hypothyroid-induced deterioration in trophic and gonadal hormones through free radicals' scavenger.
Comparison the biodegradation of herbicide pyroxasulfone by some soil bacteria
Authors: Kanat Gurdal
Published: November 2018

The biodegradation of pyroxasulfone (C12H14F5N3O4S), which is the selective herbicide in wheat farming in Turkey is compared with some soil bacteria. These microorganisms were isolated in collected soil samples in Thrace region of Turkey from an agricultural area previously unexposed to pyroxasulfone. The microbial biodegradation of pyroxasulfone was investigated using liquid experiments with identified cultures to determine which of the microorganisms shows best removal performance under agitated culture conditions. The experiments continued about two weeks.  Five different apparatuses, were set up and pyroxasulfone in 750 ppm concentration (advised concentration of wheat farmers) was added to each Erlenmayer flasks. Approximately 107CFU/ml of each bacteria added to these flasks. These flasks were shaken at 130rpm at 27 0C in sterile conditions for 8 days. Every day, each sample was collected by filtering from flasks and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total organic carbon (TOC) was determined.  As a result of the study, best removal performance observed in Bacillus thuringiensis and Fusarium fujikuroi as 91 and 93% at 7 days in COD, 88 and 83% in BOD5, 90 and 86% in TOC parameters. The lowest performance was seen on Clostridium tetani species for COD, BOD5 and TOC as 55%, 61% and 60% respectively on 7 days. The performance for Bacillus simplex and Bacillus megaterium species occurred between 70% and 80% for these three parameters.
The role of PLC-IP3 cascade on 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) contracture in electrically-driven rat atrial and diaphragmatic strips: new evidence by neomycin and heparin
Authors: Kucukhuseyin Ozlem , Khalid Sumbul , Sabitaliyevich Uteuliyev Yerzhan , Kucukhuseyin Cihat
Published: November 2018

Induction of cardiac contractures by 4-AP in Ca2+-free medium implied the involvement of SR and PLC-IP3 cascade. Thus, the role of PLC-IP3 cascade against contractile actions of 4-AP in electrically-driven rat atrial and diaphragmatic strips were studied both in the presence, and absence of Ca2+ using neomycin, a PLC inhibitor, and heparin, an IP3-R antagonist. 4-AP was applied cumulatively in logarithmically increasing concentrations in the range of 1-16µg/ml, and the preparations were treated with neomycin (400µM) or heparin (400µg/ml) for 3min prior to 4-AP injection. Post-rest potentiation in atrial strips was obtained by interruption of stimulation for 30min. 4-AP caused biphasic alteration in twitch amplitudes, as initially increased up to 16mM and then depressed due to contracture development, which were not affected significantly by neomycin and heparin. Both atrial and denervated diaphragmatic strips challenged to 4-AP in the presence and absence of Ca2+ developed dose dependent contractures which were significantly antagonized both by neomycin and heparin (p<0.05). Post-rest first contractions in controls were found to be reduced by 2min exposure to 4mM 4-AP and augmented by 3min exposure to heparin alone. 4-AP responses in the presence of neomycin and heparin were significantly higher than with those only treated with 4-AP alone and lesser than controls. Because of the fact that 4-AP inducing contracture in Ca2+-free medium, Ca2+ causing contracture should be of SR in origin. Depending on these results, it was concluded that activation of PLC-IP3 cascade by 4-AP is involved in the mediation of contracture and contractile actions of this molecule.
świeckość państwa zakwestionowana we Włoszech. Debata na temat krzyży w szkolnych klasach.
Authors: Leonetti Carolina , Filary Magdalena , Grzelczyk Mateusz
Published: November 2018

In November 2009 the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg ruled that crosses displayed in classrooms of public school are not in agreement with the freedom of religion guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights. This ruling was based on the claim that the presence of the Christian symbol limit parents’ right to educate their children in conformity with their own faith and the right of children to believe or not to believe. In Italy, from which the case originates, the Court’s sentence stirred up heated political debates and caused strong public opinion reactions. The verdict was interpreted as a threat to the Catholic-based cultural traditions of the country, despite the traditions not being continued in terms of religious devotion in Italy.
Przyszłość Europy wobec zagrożeń ekologicznych
Authors: Gmerek Liliana
Published: November 2018

The article discusses the possible ecological and environmental threats that Europe can be faced with in the nearest future, along with the possible scenarios of the damage. The analysis presents several ideas for dealing with the threats, as well as problem-solving models, with special attention paid to Jeremy Rifkin’s ‘Third Industrial Revolution Concept’. The basis of the concept is the social aspect of the ecological change that the future may bring about. The demands and challenges that will have to be met as a result of the change are central for this article.
Nowe media - nowe dziennikarsto - ?
Authors: Mielcarek Małgorzata
Published: November 2018

The article shows the transformation of journalists’ and information’s functions, basing on the examples coming straight from the internet as it is the cause of all changes. Because of the new media, these functions are far more different today than 20 years ago. Traditional journalism is changing because of the Internet. At the same time, it is also coping with the new reality of presenting news. The question is: Can we call it the new journalism? Journamorfosis in Poland is definitely slower than in other countries. However, it is happening. There is higher control over journalists, even taking away their duties. The author proves that Polish journalism, thanks to the new media, finds itself in a different point than 20 years ago and it is still changing.
Mediatyzcja polityki. Koneiczność, zagrożenie czy alternatywa?
Authors: Napieralski Jędrzej
Published: November 2018

The main problem described in this paper is an attempt to create the definition of a mediated political communication process. Three dimensions of this social phenomenon have been distinguished. Firstly, understood as necessity (media saturation, journalists as the fourth authority, theory of agenda setting). Secondly, understood as a threat (info-tainment, post-politics) and last but not least, perceived as an alternative (the future of political communication).
"Tygodni Powszechny": w poszukiwaniu mądrości
Authors: Pera Marcin
Published: November 2018

“Tygodnik Powszechny” is one of the oldest and the most merited Polish newspapers. It went through at least two periods while it served as an oppositional newspaper. This oppositional and intelligent character gave the paper a specific status in the world of Polish media. At the same time, it was difficult for “Tygodnik Powszechny” to undergo the change required by contemporary free market. What is more, taking “Tygodnik Powszechny” as an example, one could observe the vast majority of changes which influenced Polish media in the course of the last several days. A combination of rich history, deeply rooted catholic tradition and modern trends create a completely new image of Cracowian newspaper
W opozycji do mitu i micie opozycji. Analiza polaryzacji stanowisk i ocen dotyczących Poznańskiego Czerwca '56, czyli rzecz o strajku na tle ekonomiczno-socjalnym i zamieszkach zbojnych o charakterze politycznym oraz o antykomunistycznym powstaniu i ofiarach totalitarnego systemu.
Authors: Kałużna Joanna
Published: November 2018

The article focuses on the question of Poznań 1956 protests. It presents three different types of showing this event and compares them. The article presents how the way of describing this historical event has been changing. Firstly, the author characterizes the statement of the communist authority in 1956, then the elaborations from 1980s (written during the “Carnival of Solidarity”) and finally, two different ways of contemporary analysis of what happened on the 28th of June, 1956. To sum up, the article emphasizes characteristic features of these elaborations which
Opozycja antysystemowa we współczesnych państwach totalitarnych - rzeczywistość czy abstrakcja?
Authors: Kontowska Angelika
Published: November 2018

This article analyses the problem of anti-systemic opposition’s existence in a totalitarian state. Different concepts concerning the genesis of totalitarianism as well as the features of this system were presented in the paper. Then, the idea of the opposition in a totalitarian state was defined. At the same time, it was emphasized that defining the oppositional quality in a democratic and totalitarian state is completely disparate. Next, an analysis of anti-systemic opposition’s occurrence in the states such as the Republic of Cuba and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea was made. This analysis helped to answer the question concerning the conditions which must exist in a totalitarian state so that the anti-systemic opposition could appear.
Publicysta w sporach dzienników opinii w Polsce. Analiza felietonów Rafała Ziemkiewicza w „Rzeczpospolitej”
Authors: Piątek Paulina
Published: November 2018

Editors of daily newspapers struggle every day in order to attract readers. It applies especially to opinion newspapers which represent different political views. Two leading newspapers in Poland are “Rzeczpospolita” and “Gazeta Wyborcza”. The analysis of articles published in these newspapers shows how journalists are trying to manipulate the readers. The manipulation and persuassion, used by one of the leading commentators from “Rz” – Rafał Ziemkiewicz became the object of this study. Having almost 400 columns of that author’s analyzed, it can be stated that in his writings there are elements of both manipulation and persuassion. These elements are divided into thematic groups.