bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effects of Ankle-Foot Orthosis Mechanical Property Assumptions on Gait Simulation Muscle Force Results
Authors: Hegarty Amy K. , Petrella Anthony J. , Kurz Max J. , Silverman Anne K.
Published: December 2016

Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation techniques have been used to gain insights into movement disabilities for many populations, such as ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP). The individuals who can benefit from these techniques are often limited to those who can walk without assistive devices, due to challenges in accurately modeling these devices. Specifically, many children with CP require the use of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) to improve their walking ability, and modeling these devices is important to understand their role in walking mechanics. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of AFO mechanical property assumptions, including rotational stiffness, damping, and equilibrium angle of the ankle and subtalar joints, on the estimation of lower-limb muscle forces during stance for children with CP. We analyzed two walking gait cycles for two children with CP while they were wearing their own prescribed AFOs. We generated 1000-trial Monte Carlo simulations for each of the walking gait cycles, resulting in a total of 4000 walking simulations. We found that AFO mechanical property assumptions influenced the force estimates for all the muscles in the model, with the ankle muscles having the largest resulting variability. Muscle forces were most sensitive to assumptions of AFO ankle and subtalar stiffness, which should therefore be measured when possible. Muscle force estimates were less sensitive to estimates of damping and equilibrium angle. When stiffness measurements are not available, limitations on the accuracy of muscle force estimates for all the muscles in the model, especially the ankle muscles, should be acknowledged.
The Wide-Open Three-Legged Parallel Robot for Long-Bone Fracture Reduction
Authors: Abedinnasab Mohammad H. , Farahmand Farzam , Gallardo-Alvarado Jaime
Published: December 2016

Robotic reduction of long bones is associated with the need for considerable force and high precision. To balance the accuracy, payload, and workspace, we have designed a new six degrees-of-freedom three-legged wide-open robotic system for long-bone fracture reduction. Thanks to the low number of legs and their nonsymmetrical configuration, the mechanism enjoys a unique architecture with a frontally open half-plane. This facilitates positioning the leg inside the mechanism and provides a large workspace for surgical maneuvers, as shown and compared to the well-known Gough–Stewart platform. The experimental tests on a phantom reveal that the mechanism is well capable of applying the desired reduction steps against the large muscular payloads with high accuracy.
Improving the Performance of the Augmented Lagrangian Coordination: Decomposition Variants and Dual Residuals
Authors: Xu Meng , Fadel Georges , Wiecek Margaret M.
Published: December 2016

The augmented Lagrangian coordination (ALC), as an effective coordination method for decomposition-based optimization, offers significant flexibility by providing different variants when solving nonhierarchically decomposed problems. In this paper, these ALC variants are analyzed with respect to the number of levels and multipliers, and the resulting advantages and disadvantages are explored through numerical tests. The efficiency, accuracy, and parallelism of three ALC variants (distributed ALC, centralized ALC, and analytical target cascading (ATC) extended by ALC) are discussed and compared. Furthermore, the dual residual theory for the centralized ALC is extended to the distributed ALC, and a new flexible nonmonotone weight update is proposed and tested. Numerical tests show that the proposed update effectively improves the accuracy and robustness of the distributed ALC on a benchmark engineering test problem.
Development of a Predictive Equation for Ventilation in a Wall-Solar Chimney System
Authors: Park David , Battaglia Francine
Published: December 2016

A solar chimney is a natural ventilation technique that has potential to save energy consumption as well as to maintain the air quality in a building. However, studies of buildings are often challenging due to their large sizes. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between small- and full-scale solar chimney system models. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to model different building sizes with a wall-solar chimney utilizing a validated model. The window, which controls entrainment of ambient air for ventilation, was also studied to determine the effects of window position. A set of nondimensional parameters were identified to describe the important features of the chimney configuration, window configuration, temperature changes, and solar radiation. Regression analysis was employed to develop a mathematical model to predict velocity and air changes per hour, where the model agreed well with CFD results yielding a maximum relative error of 1.2% and with experiments for a maximum error of 3.1%. Additional wall-solar chimney data were tested using the mathematical model based on random conditions (e.g., geometry, solar intensity), and the overall relative error was less than 6%. The study demonstrated that the flow and thermal conditions in larger buildings can be predicted from the small-scale model, and that the newly developed mathematical equation can be used to predict ventilation conditions for a wall-solar chimney.
Helicity and nuclear β decay correlations
Authors: Hong Ran , Sternberg Matthew G. , Garcia Alejandro
Published: December 2016

We present simple derivations of nuclear β-decay correlations with an emphasis on the special role of helicity. This topic provides a good opportunity to teach students about helicity and chirality in particle physics with exercises that use simple aspects of quantum mechanics. In addition, this paper serves as an introduction to nuclear β-decay correlations from both a theoretical and experimental perspective. This article can be used to introduce students to ongoing experiments searching for hints of new physics in the low-energy precision frontier.
An examination of the potential fission-bomb weaponizability of nuclides other than 235U and 239Pu
Authors: Reed B. Cameron
Published: December 2016

Long-lived fissionable isotopes other than uranium-235 and plutonium-239 are examined for possible use in fission weapons. A few other isotopes are potentially weaponizable and in some cases have been tried or their criticality experimentally demonstrated. In most cases, however, promising isotopes are either extremely rare, difficult to produce in quantity, or hazardous to handle. Some isotopes can serve to boost the yield of fission weapons, but 235U and 239Pu are likely to remain the only practical primary fuels for nuclear weapons. In view of this, and the fact that this analysis gives no engineering details on the design of nuclear weapons, this paper will be of no assistance to putative bomb-makers; rather, my purpose is to clarify the physics similarities between 235U and 239Pu that make them suitable candidates for fission weapons.
Remixing music using source separation algorithms to improve the musical experience of cochlear implant users
Authors: Pons Jordi , Janer Jordi , Rode Thilo , Nogueira Waldo
Published: December 2016

Music perception remains rather poor for many Cochlear Implant (CI) users due to the users' deficient pitch perception. However, comprehensible vocals and simple music structures are well perceived by many CI users. In previous studies researchers re-mixed songs to make music more enjoyable for them, favoring the preferred music elements (vocals or beat) attenuating the others. However, mixing music requires the individually recorded tracks (multitracks) which are usually not accessible. To overcome this limitation, Source Separation (SS) techniques are proposed to estimate the multitracks. These estimated multitracks are further re-mixed to create more pleasant music for CI users. However, SS may introduce undesirable audible distortions and artifacts. Experiments conducted with CI users (N = 9) and normal hearing listeners (N = 9) show that CI users can have different mixing preferences than normal hearing listeners. Moreover, it is shown that CI users' mixing preferences are user dependent. It is also shown that SS methods can be successfully used to create preferred re-mixes although distortions and artifacts are present. Finally, CI users' preferences are used to propose a benchmark that defines the maximum acceptable levels of SS distortion and artifacts for two different mixes proposed by CI users.
Providers' knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis using vignettes: evidence from rural Bihar, India
Authors: Mohanan Manoj , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D , Giardili Soledad , Vera-Hernández Marcos
Published: December 2016

Background

Almost 25% of all new cases of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide are in India, where drug resistance and low quality of care remain key challenges.

Methods

We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study of healthcare providers' knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of TB in rural Bihar, India, from June to September 2012. Using data from vignette-based interviews with 395 most commonly visited healthcare providers in study areas, we scored providers' knowledge and used multivariable regression models to examine their relationship to providers' characteristics.

Findings

80% of 395 providers had no formal medical qualifications. Overall, providers demonstrated low levels of knowledge: 64.9% (95% CI 59.8% to 69.8%) diagnosed correctly, and 21.7% (CI 16.8% to 27.1%) recommended correct treatment. Providers seldom asked diagnostic questions such as fever (31.4%, CI 26.8% to 36.2%) and bloody sputum (11.1%, CI 8.2% to 14.7%), or results from sputum microscopy (20.0%, CI: 16.2% to 24.3%). After controlling for whether providers treat TB, MBBS providers were not significantly different, from unqualified providers or those with alternative medical qualifications, on knowledge score or offering correct treatment. MBBS providers were, however, more likely to recommend referrals relative to complementary medicine and unqualified providers (23.2 and 37.7 percentage points, respectively).

Interpretation

Healthcare providers in rural areas in Bihar, India, have low levels of knowledge regarding TB diagnosis and treatment. Our findings highlight the need for policies to improve training, incentives, task shifting and regulation to improve knowledge and performance of existing providers. Further, more research is needed on the incentives providers face and the role of information on quality to help patients select providers who offer higher quality care.
The quantum pentahedra
Authors: Bendjoudi Ahmida , Mebarki Noureddine
Published: December 2016

An alternative approach to the quantum pentahedron is proposed and a representation on the phase–space is introduced. Some special cases are given explicitly and discussed.
A Developed Numerical Method for Turbulent Unsteady Fluid Flow in Two-Phase Systems with Moving Interface
Authors: Hegab A. M. , Gutub S. A. , Balabel A.
Published: December 2016

This paper presents the development of an accurate and robust numerical modeling of instability of an interface separating two-phase system, such as liquid–gas and/or solid–gas systems. The instability of the interface can be refereed to the buoyancy and capillary effects in liquid–gas system. The governing unsteady Navier–Stokes along with the stress balance and kinematic conditions at the interface are solved separately in each fluid using the finite-volume approach for the liquid–gas system and the Hamilton–Jacobi equation for the solid–gas phase. The developed numerical model represents the surface and the body forces as boundary value conditions on the interface. The adapted approaches enable accurate modeling of fluid flows driven by either body or surface forces. The moving interface is tracked and captured using the level set function that initially defined for both fluids in the computational domain. To asses the developed numerical model and its versatility, a selection of different unsteady test cases including oscillation of a capillary wave, sloshing in a rectangular tank, the broken-dam problem involving different density fluids, simulation of air/water flow, and finally the moving interface between the solid and gas phases of solid rocket propellant combustion were examined. The latter case model allowed for the complete coupling between the gas-phase physics, the condensed-phase physics, and the unsteady nonuniform regression of either liquid or the propellant solid surfaces. The propagation of the unsteady nonplanar regression surface is described, using the Essentially-Non-Oscillatory (ENO) scheme with the aid of the level set strategy. The computational results demonstrate a remarkable capability of the developed numerical model to predict the dynamical characteristics of the liquid–gas and solid–gas flows, which is of great importance in many civilian and military industrial and engineering applications.
Lead, isotopes and ice: a deadly legacy revealed
Authors: Bergman Beverly P.
Published: December 2016

The earliest known use of lead was in the Neolithic period; by Roman times it was in widespread use, despite recognition that it could have adverse effects on human health. The early smelting processes were inefficient, giving rise to atmospheric pollution; as this reduced with modern improvements in furnace design, so pollution due to the addition of tetraethyl lead to motor fuel emerged. The military use of lead was a further source of environmental contamination, while individuals were exposed to lead from water pipes, paint and solder in food cans. Studies of lead in ice cores recovered from Greenland demonstrated a 200-fold increase in lead concentration from 800 BCE to the 1960s, with the greatest increase occurring after 1940. The isotope signatures of lead enabled the sources of environmental contamination to be determined: industrial lead was responsible throughout most of the last millennium, with lead in fuel making the greatest contribution in recent times. The human impact was demonstrated in studies of archaeological and modern skeletal lead levels. This paper explores the history of the use of lead and the development of an understanding of its toxicity, and examines its impact on human health.
Nathaniel Hodges and the purging wells of Shooter's Hill
Authors: Mather John D. , Duffin Christopher J.
Published: December 2016

In around 1670 purging mineral waters were discovered on the western slopes of Shooter's Hill near Woolwich, to the east of London. They were promoted through an anonymous broadsheet, a single copy of which is held by the British Library. The probable author of this has been identified as Nathaniel Hodges, a physician who remained in London treating the sick during the plague year of 1665. Epsom Salts were produced at Shooter's Hill around 1700 and undercut in price those from Epsom and Acton to the west of London. The waters continued to be used by local people for the following 200 years but never achieved national fame, and the source had disappeared by the 1920s. The waters were derived from thin sandy horizons within the London Clay Formation and were characterized by high concentrations of Mg and SO
4
. The mineralogy of the clays suggests that pyrite oxidation in the weathered zone forms acid solutions leading to the dissolution of carbonates, particularly dolomite. Varying concentrations of dolomite account for variations in the Mg content of London Clay groundwaters and for the distribution of a number of historic purging waters around London.
Visual Recognition of Ancient Inscriptions Using Convolutional Neural Network and Fisher Vector
Authors: Amato Giuseppe , Falchi Fabrizio , Vadicamo Lucia
Published: December 2016

By bringing together the most prominent European institutions and archives in the field of Classical Latin and Greek epigraphy, the EAGLE project has collected the vast majority of the surviving Greco-Latin inscriptions into a single readily-searchable database. Text-based search engines are typically used to retrieve information about ancient inscriptions (or about other artifacts). These systems require that the users formulate a text query that contains information such as the place where the object was found or where it is currently located. Conversely, visual search systems can be used to provide information to users (like tourists and scholars) in a most intuitive and immediate way, just using an image as query. In this article, we provide a comparison of several approaches for visual recognizing ancient inscriptions. Our experiments, conducted on 17, 155 photos related to 14, 560 inscriptions, show that BoW and VLAD are outperformed by both Fisher Vector (FV) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) features. More interestingly, combining FV and CNN features into a single image representation allows achieving very high effectiveness by correctly recognizing the query inscription in more than 90% of the cases. Our results suggest that combinations of FV and CNN can be also exploited to effectively perform visual retrieval of other types of objects related to cultural heritage such as landmarks and monuments.
Thermoluminescence Properties of Novel Self-Agglomerating CaSO4:Eu Phosphors Obtained by an Environmentally Friendly Method
Authors: García-Haro A. R. , Bernal R. , Cruz-Vázquez C. , Kitis G. , Castaño V. M.
Published: December 2016

In this work, we report the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of self-agglomerating CaSO4:Eu samples obtained by an environmentally friendly coprecipitation technique. No binding material is needed to form solid CaSO4:Eu samples. Samples exposed to beta particle irradiation exhibit a TL maximum at 473.15 K when a 5 K/s heating rate is used, they are two times more sensitive than the TLD-100 commercial dosimeter, and their lower detection limit was determined to be less than 0.69 mGy. The computerized glow curve deconvolution carried out fitting the residual glow curves from McKeever method revealed that the whole glow curve is composed of four individual TL peaks with intermediate-order kinetics. The main peak order kinetics is b = 1.48. This result agrees with that computed using Chen’s formula.
Optimization of the Medium for the Production of Extracellular Amylase by thePseudomonas stutzeriISL B5 Isolated from Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Dutta Prajesh , Deb Akash , Majumdar Sukanta
Published: December 2016

The management of municipal solid waste is one of the major problems of the present world. The use of microbial enzymes for sustainable management of the solid waste is the need of the time. In the present study, we have isolated a potent amylase producing strain (ISL B5) from municipal solid waste. The strain was identified asPseudomonas stutzeri (P. stutzeri)both biochemically and by 16S rDNA sequencing. The optimization studies revealed that the strain ISL B5 exhibited maximum activity in the liquid media containing 2% starch (2.77 U/ml), 0.8% peptone (2.77 U/ml), and 0.001% Ca2+ion (2.49 U/ml) under the pH 7.5 (2.59 U/ml), temperature 40°C (2.63 U/ml), and 25 h of incubation period (2.49 U/ml). The highest activity of crude enzyme has also been optimized at the pH 8 (2.49 U/ml).
Genome-Wide Association Study for Anthracycline-Induced Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Schneider Bryan P. , Shen Fei , Gardner Laura , Radovich Milan , Li Lang , Miller Kathy D. , Jiang Guanglong , Lai Dongbing , O'Neill Anne , Sparano Joseph A. , Davidson Nancy E. , Cameron David , Gradus-Pizlo Irmina , Mastouri Ronald A. , Suter Thomas M. , Foroud Tatiana , Sledge George W.
Published: December 2016

Purpose: Anthracycline-induced congestive heart failure (CHF) is a rare but serious toxicity associated with this commonly employed anticancer therapy. The ability to predict which patients might be at increased risk prior to exposure would be valuable to optimally counsel risk-to-benefit ratio for each patient. Herein, we present a genome-wide approach for biomarker discovery with two validation cohorts to predict CHF from adult patients planning to receive anthracycline.

Experimental Design: We performed a genome-wide association study in 3,431 patients from the randomized phase III adjuvant breast cancer trial E5103 to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes associated with an increased risk of anthracycline-induced CHF. We further attempted candidate validation in two independent phase III adjuvant trials, E1199 and BEATRICE.

Results: When evaluating for cardiologist-adjudicated CHF, 11 SNPs had a P value <10−5, of which nine independent chromosomal regions were associated with increased risk. Validation of the top two SNPs in E1199 revealed one SNP rs28714259 that demonstrated a borderline increased CHF risk (P = 0.04, OR = 1.9). rs28714259 was subsequently tested in BEATRICE and was significantly associated with a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0.018, OR = 4.2).

Conclusions: rs28714259 represents a validated SNP that is associated with anthracycline-induced CHF in three independent, phase III adjuvant breast cancer clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 43–51. ©2016 AACR.
Dual ALK and CDK4/6 Inhibition Demonstrates Synergy against Neuroblastoma
Authors: Wood Andrew C. , Krytska Kateryna , Ryles Hannah T. , Infarinato Nicole R. , Sano Renata , Hansel Theodore D. , Hart Lori S. , King Frederick J. , Smith Timothy R. , Ainscow Edward , Grandinetti Kathryn B. , Tuntland Tove , Kim Sunkyu , Caponigro Giordano , He You Qun , Krupa Shiva , Li Nanxin , Harris Jennifer L. , Mossé Yaël P.
Published: December 2016

Purpose: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is the most frequently mutated oncogene in the pediatric cancer neuroblastoma. We performed an in vitro screen for synergistic drug combinations that target neuroblastomas with mutations in ALK to determine whether drug combinations could enhance antitumor efficacy.

Experimental Design: We screened combinations of eight molecularly targeted agents against 17 comprehensively characterized human neuroblastoma-derived cell lines. We investigated the combination of ceritinib and ribociclib on in vitro proliferation, cell cycle, viability, caspase activation, and the cyclin D/CDK4/CDK6/RB and pALK signaling networks in cell lines with representative ALK status. We performed in vivo trials in CB17 SCID mice bearing conventional and patient-derived xenograft models comparing ceritinib alone, ribociclib alone, and the combination, with plasma pharmacokinetics to evaluate for drug–drug interactions.

Results: The combination of ribociclib, a dual inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6, and the ALK inhibitor ceritinib demonstrated higher cytotoxicity (P = 0.008) and synergy scores (P = 0.006) in cell lines with ALK mutations as compared with cell lines lacking mutations or alterations in ALK. Compared with either drug alone, combination therapy enhanced growth inhibition, cell-cycle arrest, and caspase-independent cell death. Combination therapy achieved complete regressions in neuroblastoma xenografts with ALK-F1174L and F1245C de novo resistance mutations and prevented the emergence of resistance. Murine ribociclib and ceritinib plasma concentrations were unaltered by combination therapy.

Conclusions: This preclinical combination drug screen with in vivo validation has provided the rationale for a first-in-children trial of combination ceritinib and ribociclib in a molecularly selected pediatric population. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2856–68. ©2016 AACR.
Clinical Anatomy of the Liver: Review of the 19th Meeting of the Japanese Research Society of Clinical Anatomy
Authors: Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Kokudo Norihiro , Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Akita Keiichi
Published: December 2016

Precise clinical knowledge of liver anatomy is required to safely perform a hepatectomy, for both open and laparoscopic surgery. At the 19th meeting of the Japanese Research Society of Clinical Anatomy (JRSCA), we conducted special symposia on essential issues of liver surgery, such as the history of hepatic segmentation, the glissonean pedicle approach, application of 3-D imaging simulation and fluorescent imaging using indocyanine green solution, a variety of segmentectomies including caudate lobectomy, the associating liver partition and portal vein embolization for stage hepatectomy and harvesting liver grafts for living donor liver transplantation. The present review article provides useful information for liver surgeons and anatomic researchers.
New Concepts of Cerebrospinal Fluid Physiology and Development of Hydrocephalus
Authors: Orešković Darko , Radoš Milan , Klarica Marijan
Published: December 2016

The goal of this review is the presentation of the new (Bulat-Klarica-Orešković) hypothesis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology and the ensuing new concept of hydrocephalus development in light of this hypothesis. The widely accepted classic hypothesis of CSF physiology and the traditional concept of hydrocephalus are contradicted by numerous experimental and clinical data, which consequently results in unsatisfying clinical treatment and patient recovery. Therefore, the newly presented concept of hydrocephalus development and possible future treatments are discussed. A new definition suggests that hydrocephalus is a pathological state in which CSF is excessively accumulated inside the cranial part of the CSF system, predominantly in one or more brain ventricles as a consequence of impaired hydrodynamics of intracranial fluids between CSF, brain, and blood compartments.
Can We Predict the Presence and Severity of Intra-Abdominal Adhesions before Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Taylan Enes , Akdemir Ali , Ergenoglu Ahmet Mete , Yeniel Ahmet Ozgur , Tekindal Mustafa Agah
Published: December 2016

Aims: The study aimed to investigate whether we can predict the presence and severity of intra-abdominal adhesions before cesarean delivery using patient history, symptoms, and abdominal skin scar characteristics. Methods: In this prospective study, 143 pregnant women with history of previous abdominal surgery were included and they delivered by cesarean. Preoperative abdominal scar characteristics and symptoms as well as intraoperative abdominal adhesions were evaluated using the Manchester Scar Scale, a symptomatology questionnaire and the More Comprehensive Adhesion Scoring Method, respectively. Results: Patients with adhesions (n = 98) and without adhesions (n = 45) had similar baseline characteristics. In the adhesion group, abdominal scar scoring parameters were significantly increased. However, there was no significant correlation among total scar score, adhesion score, and symptom score. Conclusion: Despite the availability of many proposed methods, accurate prediction of the severity of surgery-related adhesions is beyond our current abilities. Therefore, as healthcare providers, obstetricians should avoid unnecessary use of the cesarean approach. This approach is more effective, beneficial, realizable, and reasonable than the prediction of surgery-related adhesions.
Revista Mexicana de Literatura. Autonomía literaria y crítica de la sociedad
Authors: Martinez Carrizales Leonardo
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo o estudo do momento inicial da Revista Mexicana de Literatura (1955-1957), dirigida por Carlos Fuentes e Emmanuel Carballo, as figuras mais notáveis do grupo habitualmente conhecido como a Generación de Medio Siglo: uma nova geração determinada por diferentes raízes socioculturais com relação aos escritores dos anos de 1920 e 1940. A aparição desta revista no campo cultural mexicano representa a articulação de uma nova ordem social daliteratura, que substituiu a anterior, a qual resultara do nacionalismo revolucionário cultural. A crítica da inserção do escritor no domínio simbólico do Estado mexicano, a ação independente e o caráter crítico do escritor, assim como a formulação de uma identidade autônoma, constituem as ideias-chave dessa nova situação. A identidade autônoma do escritor implica a construção de um discurso no qual o sujeito letrado é o possuidor exclusivo de um patrimônio simbólico excepcionalmente elaborado. A Revista Mexicana de Literatura representou o primeiro esforço coletivo das novas orientações e é a única publicação do período que reúne a agenda social de índole crítica e a autonomia artística do novo sujeito letrado.
O jovem Boal e a censura ontem e hoje
Authors: Frederico Celso
Published: December 2016

O artigo parte da análise da peça teatral Filha moça, escrita em 1956 pelo dramaturgo Augusto Boal, para ser montada pelo Teatro Experimental do Negro. A peça, que foi totalmente censurada antes mesmo de ser encenada, a exemplo de vários espetáculos da época, dificilmente seria censurada hoje. Embora não se apresenta de forma brutal e direta, como naquela época, a censura da atualidade aparece de outras maneiras mais sutis, mas nem por isso menos eficazes. Os editais, que derivam do poder econômico e do controle público ou privado dos meios de divulgação artística, são, por ironia, uma conquista da classe teatral e também uma forma de censura.
“Does every traveller see all that he describes?” James Holman e os Limites do Olhar Viajante.
Authors: Torrão Filho Amilcar
Published: December 2016

Olhar etnográfico, olhar pitoresco, olhar ilustrado, olhar evangelizador, olhar imperialista: o olhar é una metáfora frequente nas descrições e análises da literatura de viagem em suas mais diversas manifestações. Ver bem tem como consequência uma melhor compreensão do lugar visitado, o que pode converter o viajante em um especialista do lugar visitado, alguém que pode construir um texto de autoridade sobre determinado espaço, propor projetos políticos de regeneração, colonização, evangelização. O caso do viajante britânico cego, ex-marinheiro, James Holman (1786-1857), impõe limites a essa pretensão epistemológica que define o gênero. Autor de diversos relatos de suas viagens de circum-navegação pela Rússia, Europa Central, Brasil, China, Holman era consciente desses limites e por isso foi, além de viajante cego, um escritor cego. Este artigo trata desta consciência do processo de construção de sua fiabilidade dos seus limites.
Familiaturas do Santo Ofício e juízes letrados nos domínios ultramarinos (Brasil, século XVIII)
Authors: Camarinhas Nuno
Published: December 2016

O século XVIII marca o crescimento e complexificação da estrutura judicial da Coroa portuguesa no Brasil. As oportunidades de carreira florescem e há um duplo movimento de agentes: por um lado, magistrados que vêm do reino; por outro, um crescente número de naturais da América portuguesa que ingressam na carreira das letras. Partindo dos dados recolhidos nas habilitações do Santo Ofício, este texto centra-se nos juízes letrados com serviço nos domínios portugueses da América, procurando compreender o papel desempenhado pela obtenção da familiatura na progressão da sua carreira e a sua eventual inserção em redes de recrutamento ou provimento no eixo Coimbra-Lisboa.
Sobre a possibilidade de reflexão ética fora da abrangência da crítica nietzschiana à moral
Authors: Temp Daniel
Published: December 2016

O artigo reconstrói duas tentativas de delimitação da abrangência da crítica nietszchiana à moralidade: a primeira atribui a Nietzsche uma rejeição radical da moral, associando-o a uma perspectiva imoralista; a segunda defende que a crítica do filósofo se dirige a uma moralidade específica, oriunda da tradição platônica/cristã. Após reconstruir as duas abordagens, apresenta-se uma interpretação alternativa que mostra que, embora a crítica nietszchiana vise toda moral centrada na noção de obrigação, nem por isso ela esgota o domínio da valoração prática.
A imaginação antropológica: conhecimento conjetural e teleologia nos escritos de Kant sobre as raças
Authors: Santos Leonardo Rennó
Published: December 2016

Trata-se de acompanhar a especificação do método adequado à história natural que ocorre nos três famosos ensaios de Kant sobre as raças à luz da discussão sobre as funções da faculdade de imaginação nas suas Preleções sobre Antropologia. Pretende-se com isto indicar o modo como as disciplinas de geografia física e de antropologia se articulavam no interior da Weltkenntnis em vista das investigações de Kant sobre a natureza das faculdades humanas.
Applying ecological landscape concepts and metrics in urban landscape management
Authors: Fonseca Bráulio Magalhães , Ribas Rodrigo Pinheiro , Moura Ana Clara Mourão
Published: December 2016

Os conceitos de Ecologia da Paisagem aplicados ao planejamento urbano podem favorecer a hierarquização dos fragmentos de vegetação, identificando os de maior importância segundo os modos de ocupação dos setores da cidade. Apresenta-se estudo de município em profunda transformação, em função da exploração de minério de ferro no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais. A metodologia pressupôs: 1 - a classificação de imagens de satélite RapidEye e mapeamento de uso e cobertura do solo; 2 - aplicação de métricas de paisagem (área, perímetro, distância ao vizinho mais próximo, área central, índice de forma e NRVI); 3 - integração de métricas usando análise multicritério. Foram identificadas áreas propícias para políticas públicas que promovam a gestão da cobertura vegetal, considerando não apenas as áreas verdes institucionais, mas também as propriedades particulares, entendendo a cobertura vegetal como uma rede sistêmica.
Cyanate‐Impaired Angiogenesis: Association With Poor Coronary Collateral Growth in Patients With Stable Angina and Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Sun Jia Teng , Yang Ke , Mao Jing Yan , Shen Wei Feng , Lu Lin , Wu Qi Hong , Wang Yan Ping , Wu Li Ping , Zhang Rui Yan
Published: December 2016

Background

Cyanate has recently gained attention for its role in the pathogenesis of vascular injury. Nonetheless, the effect of cyanate on angiogenesis remains unclear.

Methods and Results

In this study, we demonstrated that oral administration of cyanate impaired blood perfusion recovery in a mouse hind‐limb ischemia model. A reduction in blood perfusion recovery at day 21 was observed in the ischemic tissue of cyanate‐treated mice. Likewise, there were fewer capillaries in the ischemic hind‐limb tissue of cyanate‐exposed mice. Our in vitro study showed that cyanate, together with its carbamylated products, inhibited the migration, proliferation, and tube‐formation abilities of endothelial cells. Further research revealed that cyanate regulated angiogenesis partly by interrupting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2/phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt pathway. The serum concentrations of homocitrulline, a marker of cyanate exposure, were determined in 117 patients with stable angina and chronic total occlusion. Consistent with the antiangiogenic role of cyanate, homocitrulline levels were increased in patients with poor coronary collateralization (n=58) compared with those with high collateralization (n=59; 21.09±13.08 versus 15.54±9.02 ng/mL,
P
=0.009). In addition, elevated homocitrulline concentration was a strong predictor of poor coronary collateral growth.

Conclusions

Impaired angiogenesis induced by cyanate might contribute to poor coronary collateral growth.
The Relationship between Paranormal Belief and the hexaco Domains of Personality
Authors: Williams Emyr , Roberts Ben L.H.
Published: December 2016

Thehexaco-pi-r(Ashton & Lee, 2007) has been presented as an alternative measure of the Five Factor Model, with the inclusion of the dimension of honesty/humility. This new measure of personality was utilised alongside the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (rpbs) in a correlational design among 137 undergraduate students in Wales. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that superstition was significantly negatively correlated with conscientiousness and openness to experience, while precognition was significantly negatively correlated with honesty/humility. No other personality factors were statistically significant predictors of any dimensions of paranormal belief. While these results do not provide strong support for previous findings, it is concluded that the inclusion of the honesty/humility dimension renders thehexaco-pi-ra useful measure for considering relationships between personality and paranormal belief.
Der Sklave als Zwangs-Erbe, Ulpian/Julian 4 ad Sab. (D. 28,5,6,4)
Authors: Kupisch† Berthold
Published: December 2016

The principal item of the article is how to understand the meaning of the words ‘ne a semet ipso ei [servo] adimatur libertas’ as well as ‘a semet ipso [servus] libertatem accipit’, both phrases applied to a servus cum libertate heres institutus. Usual interpretations do not convince. A similar problem of understanding affects the wording ‘sicuti legari sibi non potest, ita nec a se adimi’. Main question in this text: can a testator take away the freedom of a slave who is instituted as an heir by codicil? The principle of the favor libertatis implies the negative answer to this question.
Objectivity and the First Law of History Writing
Authors: Assis Arthur Alfaix
Published: December 2016

Cicero once stressed as the first law of history that “the historian must not dare to tell any falsehood.” This precept entails a minimal ethical requirement that remains unscathed by the whirlpools of epistemic relativism that have called many other aspects of professional historians’ practice into question in the last century or so. No commendable scholar seems willing to invalidate Cicero’s first law, and dependable scholarship—whether relying on objectivity-friendly or objectivity-hostile theoretical assumptions—follows shared standards of integrity and accuracy with which someone from Cicero’s time, for instance, would never be able to comply. In this essay, I suggest that those two circumstances should dispose us more favorably toward a refreshed notion of historical objectivity pointing not only to epistemology but also to professional ethics. I address the condemnation of lying and, more generally, historians’ commitment to sincerity as a way to highlight the ethical dimension of history writing. By focusing on the deep but underexplored moral roots of objectivity, I argue that this concept is still very useful as both an analytical tool and a normative ideal. Objectivity, in the sense I underline here, does not stand in opposition to subjectivity—on the contrary, it is actually tied up with subjective dispositions, virtues, and skills that help shape responsible historiography.
Historical Experience as a Mode of Comprehension
Authors: Díaz-Maldonado Rodrigo
Published: December 2016

In the past two and a half decades, Frank Ankersmit has developed a complex notion of historical experience. Despite its many virtues it has at least one major difficulty: it implies a sharp separation between experience and language. This essay aims to bridge this gap, while preserving the positive aspects of Ankersmit’s theory. To do this, I will first present the ontological and epistemological implications of Ankersmit’s notion of historical experience. Next, I will present my objections to his idea. Finally, I will propose two modifications to his notion of historical experience: first, in the epistemological sense by considering historical experience as a form of Louis Mink’s configurational comprehension and, second, in the ontological sense by relating historical experience with the vitalist ontology of José Ortega y Gasset.
From Narrativism to Pragmatism
Authors: Fay Brian
Published: December 2016

Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen’s Postnarrativist Philosophy of Historiography is a major work in the philosophy of history, one that seeks to conceive historiographies not as concerned to represent (“re-present”) the past but rather to propose ways of regarding it. To do this requires replacing narrative as the key element in the philosophy of history with the idea that historiographies are informal arguments that propose and defend a thesis about how events or entities of the past should be viewed. This re-orientation in how to view historiography makes it possible to see it as a rational enterprise in which its claims and counterclaims can be rationally assessed. The book is remarkably successful in achieving its goal, but along the way it neglects to address new questions about narrative as a form of argument, and in the end lacks full faith in its pragmatist heart by insisting that standards of rationality are universal and merely given rather than discipline—and culturally—specific, hard won achievements accomplished by historians themselves.
Responsive Action and the Belief-Desire Model
Authors: Stoutland Frederick
Published: December 2016

Whereas the belief-desire model maintains that reasons for action either are or depend on reasons which consist in the agent's own beliefs and desires, I contend that reasons for action, whether taken normatively (as reasons to do something) or explanatorily, (as reasons for which agents act) are states of affairs. I defend this view by reference to non-deliberative responses to states of affairs agents encounter directly – stopping for a stop sign or answering a knock at the door, for instance–actions which I take to be common, to presuppose no specific attitudes on the part of agents, and to be basic to all action.
Competence, Options and Relations
Authors: Herrmann Martina
Published: December 2016

How much freedom of choice agents have in a society depends on two things: on the relevant alternatives they face (their options), and on their capabilities to judge and make use of these alternatives (their competence). In this paper a third condition of freedom of choice is put on the list: relations. Social life very much depends upon the reliable fulfilment of expectations in relations. These expectations direct choice and may restrict or increase freedom. It is argued that not to be in relations of unjustified domination is a further condition of freedom for agents in a society.
Die Form der Externalität in Russells und die Ursprünge Seiner Relationstheorie
Authors: Imaguire Guido
Published: December 2016

It is a well known fact that the beginning of analytic philosophy is grounded in Moore's and Russell's rebellion against the idealism of 19 century England. Despite of Russell's sharp criticism of his own idealistic phase, some important theses of his later realistic philosophy can only be understood in the context of a critical discussion of his own earlier idealistic philosophy. In this paper I will analyse the concept of the . This is the central logical and philosophical concepts of Russell's only philosophically relevant book of that time. According to Russell, both time and space are the fundamental forms of externality of our world. I will analyse and criticise his arguments in support of this claim. I will end the paper by showing that Russell's theory of relations – one of his most important legacies to analytic philosophy – arises out of his work on the foundations of geometry.
Nonconceptual Contents vs Nonconceptual States
Authors: Laurier Daniel
Published: December 2016

The question to be discussed is whether the distinction between the conceptual and the nonconceptual is best understood as pertaining primarily to intentional contents or to intentional states or attitudes. Some authors have suggested that it must be understood in the second way, in order to make the claim that experiences are nonconceptual compatible with the idea that one can also believe what one experiences. I argue that there is no need to do so, and that a conceptual content can be understood as being simply one which is composed of concepts, without compromising this intuitive view of the relation between beliefs and experiences.
Über Die Sogenannte Normativität Der Bedeutung
Authors: Rami Adolf
Published: December 2016

This paper aims to demonstrate that it is by no means clear whether the thesis that meaning is intrinsically normative can be justifi ed. Therefore, we should not regard the explanation or the grasp of the normativity of meaning as an adequacy condition of a theory of meaning — as some philosophers do. In the first part of the paper, I distinguish four intuitive kinds of normativity of meaning. After that, I focus on the question what sorts of normativity can be distinguished in general. I discuss the advantages and problems of a common characterization of normativity, adopted by Schnädelbach and von Wright, and I defend a certain modifi ed version of this characterization. In the third part of the paper, I apply this modifi ed characterization to the four kinds of normativity of meaning distinguished earlier, and I show that only one of the four is compatible with the thesis that meaning is an intrinsically normative concept. In the last part of the paper, I focus on the semantic relations between meaning and use, and I reject some common forms of reducing facts about meaning to facts about use.
Mentale Simulation und radikale Interpretation
Authors: Beyer Christian
Published: December 2016

The notion of empathy has more recently seen a considerable revival—notably (first) in connection with Quine's empathy model of radical interpretation, in contrast to which Davidson has developed his triangulation model, and (secondly) in the context of the debate between simulation theory vs. theory theory about propositional attitude ascription. So far, these debates have been carried on fairly independently of each other. This paper is an attempt to utilize the interpretation-theoretical discussion in order to argue for a moderate version of simulation theory. To this end, Davidson's explanation of the radical interpretation scenario in terms of triangulation is reconstructed by comparison to some relevant ideas of Husserl's.
Paul Bernays' Philosophical Way
Authors: Franchella Miriam
Published: December 2016

Paul Bernays was both a philosopher and a mathematician. He is famous for his logical-mathematical production (also in collaboration with David Hilbert), while his philosophical works have been given less consideration. The present article is an attempt to reconstruct the way that led Bernays from his early writings on ethics to his final epistemological thought.
Family Resemblance
Authors: Sluga Hans
Published: December 2016

Wittgenstein's remarks about family resemblance in the should not be construed as implying a comprehensive theory of universals. They possess, rather, a defensive function in his exposition. The remarks allow one, nevertheless, to draw certain general conclusions about how Wittgenstein thought about concepts. Reflection on the notion of family resemblance reveals that kinship and similarity considerations intersect in it in a problematic fashion.
… Perspicuous Representation and the Logic of
Authors: Puhl Klaus
Published: December 2016

In what follows, I will concentrate on the type of temporality which structures Wittgenstein's method of a or of a (). I will argue that the temporal order which applies to (giving) a perspicuous representation is best to be described as retroactivity, deferred action or afterwardness (), a concept which calls into question the ordinary conception of time as a linear and irreversible process as well as of a clear break between present and past. First, I will turn to Sigmund Freud and the way he developed the concept of or retroactivity in some of his case-studies. The basic idea here is that the meaning or content of a past experience is constituted by repeating it in a or way. I will then argue that the relation between a and what is made perspicuous is best interpreted as a relation of . This interpretation also accounts for the involvement of the subject in the object made perspicuous—as it is stressed by Wittgenstein and illustrated by his discursive method.