bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potensi dan Daya Dukung Hasil Ikutan Pertanian untuk Pengembangan Ternak Sapi di Kecamatan Wonggeduku Kabupaten Konawe
Authors: Samsida Samsida , Malesi La , Kurniawan Widhi
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisa potensi dan daya dukung hasil ikutan pertanian untuk pengembangan ternak sapi di Kecamatan Wonggeduku Kabupaten Konawe sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan oleh pemerintah, peternak dan pihak swasta dalam pengembangan ternak sapi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2021 bertempat di Kecamatan Wonggeduku Kabupaten Konawe. Penelitian ini dirancang dalam bentuk survei dengan penjelasan (explanatory research) yaitu menjelaskan tentang ketersediaan hasil ikutan pertanian sebagai sebagai pakan ternak sapi di Kecamatan Wonggeduku Kabupaten Konawe. Pengambilan sampel bahan pakan hasil ikutan pertanian dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive sampling) dengan ukuran  1m2. Pengambilan sampel secara langsung dilokasi penelitian dengan 5 komoditi terbanyak yaitu jerami padi, jagung, kedelai, kacang hijau dan kacang panjang. Masing-masing komoditi diambil 5 sampel penelitian pada petani yang berbeda, sehingga  diperoleh 25 sampel, setiap komoditi tersebut kemudian dikompositkan sebanyak ± 1 kg/sampel. Untuk dedak padi sampel diperoleh di 5 tempat yang berbeda dari 9 penggilingan padi yang ada di Kecamatan Wonggeduku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi hasil ikutan pertanian di Kecamatan Wonggeduku dapat ditingkatkan dilihat dari ketersediaan protein dapat menampung sebanyak 97 ST, peningkatan dapat dilakukan hingga 1.180 ST dengan catatan adanya penambahan protein dan serat kasar, dan ketika kebutuhan pakan ternak terpenuhi maka Kecamatan Wonggeduku dapat menampung 3.379 ST.
Kualitas Fisik Es Krim Berbahan Susu Sapi dengan Pengemulsi Berbeda
Authors: Muniru Muniru , Zulkarnain Deki , Napirah Astriana , Has Hamdan
Published: November 2022

Pengemulsi dalam pembuatan es krim dapat berupa pengemulsi alami atau pengemulsi buatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas fisik es krim dengan bahan pengemulsi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas 3 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah P1 = es krim dengan penambahan 0,5% kuning telur, P2= es krim dengan penambahan 0,5% emulsifier SP, P3= es krim dengan penambahan 0,5% buttermilk. Variable yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah daya leleh, overrun dan stabilitas emulsi es krim. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkkan menggunakan uji wilayah berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bahan pengemulsi berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap daya leleh es krim tetapi tidak mempengaruhi nilai overrun, dan stabilitas emulsi.
Analisis Pendapatan Pedagang Telur Ayam Ras Di Pasar Wawotobi
Authors: Dzakir Ahmad , Saili Takdir , Hadini Hairil A.
Published: November 2022

Analisis pendapatan adalah cara yang digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat pendapatan dari usaha yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik pedagang telur ayam ras di Pasar Wawotobi dan mengetahui pendapatan pedagang telur ayam ras di Pasar Wawotobi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan Juli 2021 di Pasar Wawotobi, Kabupaten Konawe. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat untuk mengumpulkan informasi dari responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pedagang telur ayam ras di Pasar Wawotobi yang tergolong usia produktif sebanyak 43%, berpendidikan SLTA 72% dan lama usaha di atas 10 tahun sebanyak 71% dengan rata-rata pendapatan setiap bulan sebesar Rp. 3.031.000.
Susut Masak, Daya Ikat Air dan Kadar Protein Daging Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Pakan Mengandung Tepung Ikan.
Authors: Mahmudah Kholillatul , Fitrianingsih Fitrianingsih , Bain Ali
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui susut masak, daya ikat air dan kadar protein daging ayam broiler yang diberi pakan mengandung tepung ikan. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) untuk menguji 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri dari 6 ekor ayam sehingga terdapat 16 satuan percobaan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah terdiri atas : (i) pakan komersil BP-11 sebagai pakan control (P0), 43% Jagung Kuning + 21% Dedak + 27% CAB + 9% Tepung Ikan (P1), 43% Jagung Kuning + 23% Dedak + 22% CAB + 12% Tepung Ikan (P2), dan  43% Jagung Kuning + 25% Dedak + 17% CAB + 15% Tepung Ikan (P3). Variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah susut masak daging, daya ikat air daging, dan kadar protein daging ayam broiler. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam dan jika perlakuan yang berpengaruh maka dilanjutkan uji beda antar perlakuan menggunakan uji wilayah berganda  Duncan (Duncan Multiple Range Test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap susut masak daging, daya ikat air daging dan kadar protein daging. Rataan susut masak berkisar antara 35,55% - 40,49%, daya ikat air 30,37% - 34,70% dan kadar protein 23,50%-24,83%. Penggunaan tepung ikan dengan level hingga 15% dalam ransum tepung ikan menghasilkan kualitas fisik dan kimia daging ayam broiler yang relatif sama antar perlakuan
Performa Produksi Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Tambahan Pakan Tepung Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina)
Authors: Nur Sri Nelfina , Nafiu La Ode , Badaruddin Rusli
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis performa produksi ayam broiler yang diberi tambahan pakan tepung daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina). Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dan masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas 5 ulangan sehingga terdapat 20 unit satuan percobaan, setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 ekor ayam. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah: P0 = 6%  jagung giling + 94% konsentrat, P1 = 5%  jagung giling + 93% konsentrat + 2% tepung daun afrika, P2 = 5%  jagung giling + 91% konsentrat + 4% tepung daun afrika, dan P3 = 4%  jagung giling + 90% konsentrat + 6% tepung daun afrika. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi pakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penambahan Tepung Daun Afrika memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P˂0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi pakan.
Inteligencia emocional en Modalidad Semipresencial para fortalecer el autocontrol de los niños y niñas
Authors: Fuertes Ruth Kimberly , Rodríguez Renjifo Jorge Jesús
Published: November 2022

La inteligencia emocional es la capacidad de reconocer expresar conocer y controlar las propias emociones y las emociones de los demás. El trabajo considera el fortalecimiento del autocontrol de los niños en modalidad semipresencial porque es un componente primordial para el mejor rendimiento académico y la autonomía personal del estudiante que le permita organizar y proyectar sus decisiones por tal situación la educación debe buscar el bienestar personal de los estudiantes en todos los niveles.
Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Capacities of Hydrophilic Extracts of Vegetables Commonly Consumed in the Philippines
Authors: Manaois Rosaly , Zapater John Edward , Morales Amelia
Published: November 2022

To provide data on the potential of local plant foods as sources of phytochemicals for human health, this study evaluated the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of locally cultivated vegetables, both in raw form and in a form that they are usually consumed. Hydrophilic extracts of raw and boiled forms of 47 locally cultivated vegetables were evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacities using the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt (ABTS) assays. Results showed that the TPC of raw vegetables ranged 1.0–79.6 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g–1, with the following vegetables having the highest values among the lot: turmeric > red coral lettuce > sweet potato tops ≥ chili leaves > jute > water spinach 1 > green eggplant > purple eggplant. Antioxidant capacities of raw samples determined by DPPH and ABTS assays ranged 0.6–380.6 µmol Trolox equivalents (TE) g–1 and 1.4-322.7 µmol TE g–1, respectively, with the following plants consistently displaying the strongest scavenging values among the lot: turmeric, red coral lettuce, sweet potato tops, jute, chili leaves, lowland water spinach, and purple eggplant. Boiling plant foods had variable effects depending on the material studied. The TPC and antioxidant capacities of the fruit samples eggplant, green pepper, and squash significantly increased (p < 0.05) after boiling, while those of chili leaves and squash flower decreased. Boiling generally reduced the antioxidant capacities but turmeric, lowland water spinach, and chili leaves consistently exhibited the highest TPC and antioxidant capacities in either form among the tested samples. Our findings signify that local vegetables may be sources of phenolics and other hydrophilic compounds with antioxidant properties.
Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Diazotrophic Bacteria Isolated from Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Rhizosphere Treated with Bamboo Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Authors: Cortes Angelbert , Opulencia Rina , Aggangan Nelly
Published: November 2022

Diazotrophic bacteria (syn. nitrogen-fixing bacteria, NFB) are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria known to facilitate nitrogen availability for plant nutrition. Biochar may serve as a refuge for colonizing microbes influencing the mycorrhizal richness and activities in the rhizosphere, thereby affecting the mycorrhization helping bacteria. This study isolated, characterized, and identified diazotrophic bacteria from the cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) rhizosphere treated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and bamboo biochar (BB). Initial screening of the cacao rhizosphere yielded 1.28x106 CFU of diazotrophic bacteria g–1 soilgrown in nitrogen-free malate medium. A total of 12 isolates were further assayed for acetylene reduction and phosphate solubilization activities. All putative diazotrophic bacterial isolates successfully reduced acetylene to ethylene gas, ranging from 16.35 ± 1.68 to 60.71 ± 2.57 ppm. Of the 12 putative diazotrophic bacterial isolates, 11 have shown phosphate solubilization activity on Pikovskaya’s medium with the solubilization index (SI) ranging from 1.12 ± 0.08 to 3.74 ± 0.16 mm. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these diazotrophic bacterial isolates belonged to the genera Bacillus, Burkholderia, Rhizobium, and Ralstonia. These results provide evidence of candidate plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from cacao that are potential source of biofertilizers to improve the growth and yield of cacao crops, especially in the Philippines. As agricultural options, biochar and AMF pose beneficial influence on plant growth-promoting bacteria, which primarily provide nutrients for several crops.
Optimization of Rice, Soybean, and Yellow Sweet Potato Flour Concentrations for Improved Nutritional and Sensory Quality of Infant Food
Authors: Abilgos-Ramos Riza , Rizzo El Shaira , Fuentes Xenia Portia , Morales Amelia , Rodriguez Raffy
Published: November 2022

Complementary food is important in the first two years of an infant’s life for optimum growth and development. In the Philippines, especially in areas without access to adequate food sources, infants are fed with complementary foods of low nutrient density. To improve the nutrition in areas where malnutrition among 0–2-yr-old children is highly prevalent, this study developed a plant-based complementary food premix from rice, soybean, and yellow sweet potato for infants aged 6–23 mo. Ten (10) complementary food premixes were formulated and optimized using D-optimal mixture design. Results showed that different proportions of flour blends had significant (p < 0.05) effects on protein, ash, fat, carbohydrates, water absorption index, swelling power, and consistency. The optimized complementary food formulation was with the ratio of 50% rice, 35% soybean, and 15% yellow sweet potato flours. A 100-g serving of the complementary food provides 408.77 kcal and 15.68 g of protein.
Mobility-guided Modeling of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Metro Manila
Authors: Egwolf Bernhard , Austriaco Nicanor
Published: November 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel respiratory disease first identified in Wuhan, China, that is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To better understand the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, we have used real-time mobility data to modify the DELPHI epidemiological model recently developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and to simulate the pandemic in Metro Manila. We have chosen to focus on the National Capital Region (NCR), not only because it is the nation’s demographic heart where over a tenth of the country’s population lives, but also because it has been the epidemiological epicenter of the Philippine pandemic. Our UST CoV-2 model suggests that the government-imposed enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) has successfully limited the spread of the pandemic. It is clear that the initial wave of the pandemic is flattening, though suppression of viral spread has been delayed by the local pandemics in the City of Manila and Quezon City. Our data also reveals that replacing the ECQ with a general community quarantine (GCQ) will increase the forecasted number of deaths in the nation’s capital unless rig
Preventing Spontaneous Preterm Birth: Insights from Genomics
Authors: Muglia Louis J. , Monangi Nagendra , Hallman Mikko , Teramo Kari , Jacobsson Bo , Zhang Ge
Published: November 2022

Mortality and morbidity due to infants being born preterm remains one of the greatest health burdens facing society. Many factors influence the risk for spontaneous preterm birth, both genetic and environmental. To date, generally effective interventions to prevent preterm birth have not been identified. In this paper, we discuss the impact of preterm birth and the challenges that have limited insights so far. New advances in genomics, systems biology, and population/personalized medicine show promise in overcoming previous barriers and leading to new insights and preventive treatments.
Análisis de las diferencias entre la satisfacción laboral del profesorado de las CC. AA. españolas de Asturias, Castilla y León, Cataluña y País Vasco.
Authors: González Álvarez María
Published: November 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un estudio exploratorio sobre la satisfacción laboral del profesorado de las comunidades autónomas de Asturias, Castilla y León, Cataluña y País Vasco (España) con objeto de analizar las posibles diferencias que pudieran observarse en ellas respecto su ejercicio profesional. Se realizó una consulta on-line a dicho profesorado mediante un protocolo elaborado ad hoc y que fue cumplimentado por 909 docentes. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, diferencia de medias y análisis multivariado (ANOVA y análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, mediante SPSS AMOS 26, método de máxima verosimilitud), con índices PCMIN/DF=1.706, NFI=.912, CFI=.961, GFI=.872, TLI=.955, RFI=. 898, PNFI=.787 y RMSEA=.049, coeficiente de fiabilidad de Cronbach .942. Se considera que el modelo cuenta con buena consistencia interna e índices de bondad de ajuste adecuados. Según los resultados de la investigación, no se manifiestan diferencias en la valoración que el profesorado realiza de su satisfacción en el trabajo, relaciones, reconocimiento de su trabajo, instalaciones y recursos del centro para la docencia. Se encuentran diferencias en la satisfacción de algunos aspectos de la formación y aspectos laborales. El trabajo puede contribuir a mejorar la situación personal y profesional del profesorado y la calidad de la enseñanza.
Σλοβενία: Το αλκοόλ σήμερα - Μπορεί μια χώρα να είναι εξαρτημένη από το αλκοόλ;
Authors: Bebatek-Travnik Zdenka
Published: November 2022

Η Σλοβενία είναι μια μικρή ευρωπαϊκή χώρα (20.273 km2, 2 εκατομμύρια κάτοικοι) με δική της γλώσσα και πολιτισμό. Από το Βορρά συνορεύει με την Αυστρία, βορειοανατολικά με την Ουγγαρία, νοτιοανατολικά με την Κροατία και από τη δύση με την Ιταλία. Το 1918 η Σλοβενία περιλήφθηκε στο βασίλειο των Σέρβων, των Κροατών και των Σλοβένων (που μετά το 1929 αποκαλούνταν Γιουγκοσλαβία) και έγινε μέλος της Ομοσπονδιακής Λαϊκής Δημοκρατίας της Γιουγκοσλαβίας το 1945. Η Σλοβενία απέκτησε την ανεξαρτησία της το 1991 και έγινε μέλος της ΕΕ το Μάιο του 2004. Η γεωγραφική θέση της χώρας προσφέρει καλές συνθήκες για την παραγωγή όλων των τύπων οινοπνευματωδών ποτών, αν και οι ποσότητες δεν είναι υψηλές, ώστε να το καθιστούν προϊόν εξαγωγής. Επίσης, το αλκοόλ αποτελεί σημαντικό στοιχείο του πολιτισμού, καθώς είναι συνυφασμένο με πολλές κοινωνικές εκδηλώσεις και φεστιβάλ. Είναι ενταγμένο στις τέχνες και την ποίηση, εμφανίζεται σε περισσότερα από 100 παραδοσιακά τραγούδια [1] που επαινούν τις χάρες του αλκοόλ. Ακόμη και ο εθνικός ύμνος της χώρας συνδέεται με το κρασί.
Μπορεί η χρήση κάνναβης να προβλέψει την πρώτη εμφάνιση διαταραχών διάθεσης και αγχωδών διαταραχών στον πληθυσμό των ενηλίκων;
Authors: Laar Margriet van , Dorsselaer Saskia van , Monshouwer Karin , Graaf Ron de
Published: November 2022

Στόχοι. Να διερευνηθεί εάν η χρήση κάνναβης προέβλεπε την πρώτη εμφάνιση διαταραχών διάθεσης και αγχωδών διαταραχών σε ενήλικες, κατά την περίοδο μεταπαρακολούθησης (follow-up) τριών ετών. Σχεδιασμός και συμμετέχοντες. Τα στοιχεία αντλήθηκαν από την Έρευνα Ψυχικής Υγείας και Μελέτη Επιπολασμού στην Ολλανδία (NEMESIS), μια προοπτική μελέτη σε πληθυσμό ενηλίκων ηλικίας 18-64 ετών. Η ανάλυση διεξήχθηκε σε 3.881 άτομα που δεν είχαν παρουσιάσει ποτέ διαταραχές διάθεσης στη ζωή τους και 3.854 άτομα χωρίς αγχώδεις διαταραχές στην αρχική φάση της μελέτης. Μετρήσεις. Χρήση κάνναβης στη διάρκεια της ζωής, διαταραχές διάθεσης και αγχώδεις διαταραχές σύμφωνα με το DSM-III-R, αξιολογημένες με τη Σύνθετη Διεθνή Διαγνωστική Συνέντευξη (CIDI). Ευρήματα. Μετά από προσαρμογή για τους ισχυρούς παράγοντες που συνεπιδρούν, οποιαδήποτε χρήση κάνναβης κατά την έναρξη προέβλεπε μέτρια αύξηση του κινδύνου για το πρώτο επεισόδιο μείζονος κατάθλιψης (λόγος πιθανοτήτων 1.62, 95% διάστημα αξιοπιστίας 1.06-2.48) και ισχυρότερη αύξηση του κινδύνου για εκδήλωση διπολικής διαταραχής (λόγος πιθανοτήτων 4.98, 95% διάστημα αξιοπιστίας 1.80 – 13.81). Ο κίνδυνος για «οποιαδήποτε διαταραχή διάθεσης» ήταν αυξημένος για τους εβδομαδιαίους και σχεδόν καθημερινούς χρήστες, αλλά όχι για λιγότερο συχνά πρότυπα χρήσης. Ωστόσο, οι σχέσεις δόσης – αντίδρασης ήταν λιγότερο σαφείς για τη μείζονα κατάθλιψη και τη διπολική διαταραχή ξεχωριστά. Κανένας από τους συσχετισμούς μεταξύ της χρήσης κάνναβης και των αγχωδών διαταραχών δεν παρέμεινε σημαντικός μετά την προσαρμογή για παράγοντες σύγχυσης. Συμπεράσματα. Οι συσχετισμοί μεταξύ της χρήσης κάνναβης και του πρώτου επεισοδίου κατάθλιψης και διπολικής διαταραχής, που παρέμειναν σημαντικοί μετά την προσαρμογή για ισχυρούς συνεπιδρόντες παράγοντες, καθιστούν απαραίτητη την έρευνα στους υποβόσκοντες μηχανισμούς. Λέξεις κλειδιά: χρήση κάνναβης, διαταραχές διάθεσης, αγχώδεις διαταραχές, διπολική διαταραχή, μείζονα καταθλιπτική διαταραχή
Ενίσχυση του παιδιού κατά το μεταβατικό στάδιο από το δημοτικό στο γυμνάσιο
Authors: Τσιώτρα Σωτηρία
Published: November 2022

Το άρθρο αναλύει μια μακρόχρονη παρέμβαση που συνδυάζει στρατηγικές καθολικής και επικεντρωμένης πρωτογενούς πρόληψης στο στάδιο της πρώτης εφηβείας που εφαρμόστηκαν εντός και εκτός σχολικής κοινότητας. Σκοπός της είναι να ενισχυθούν οι προστατευτικοί παράγοντες ώστε η μεταβατική περίοδος από το δημοτικό στο γυμνάσιο να εξελιχθεί ομαλά στις προσπάθειες προσαρμογής του παιδιού (είτε σε προσωπικό και συναισθηματικό επίπεδο, είτε σε γνωστικό και συμπεριφοριστικό, είτε σε κοινωνικό π.χ. ενίσχυση των δεσμών με οικογένεια και σχολείο) ενώ μακρόχρονος στόχος είναι να μειωθεί στα επόμενα χρόνια η αποδοχή και η χρήση ψυχοδραστικών ουσιών από τους έφηβους μαθητές. Μια σύνθεση προσεγγίσεων ήταν απαραίτητη για να υποστηρίξει και να ενθαρρύνουν την ανάπτυξη των θετικών πλευρών της ζωής και η παρέμβαση σχεδιάστηκε με στόχο να ενδυναμώσει θετικές συμπεριφορές και στάσεις των μαθητών όσον αφορά στον εαυτό τους, αλλά και στους ομότιμους και στο σχολείο. Το παρόν άρθρο αντανακλά εμπειρίες και γνώσεις των τελευταίων 3 χρόνων δουλειάς με παιδιά ηλικίας από 11-15 χρονών τα οποία βιώνουν την αστάθεια που ενέχει αυτό το σημαντικό εξελικτικό στάδιο ζωής, το οποίο μπορεί να κρύβει πιθανότητες δυσπροσαρμογής. Στην παρέμβαση αυτή έχουν συμμετάσχει πάνω από 60 έφηβοι (μαθητές δημοτικού και γυμνασίου, νέοι υψηλού κινδύνου). Η εμπλοκή των γονέων, των εκπαιδευτικών, των εθελοντών καθώς και εξειδικευμένων δομών της κοινότητας αποτελούν βασικά χαρακτηριστικά της παρέμβασης.
Εκπαίδευση εκπαιδευτικών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης για την προώθηση της πρόληψης στο δημοτικό σχολείο
Authors: Κυρίτση Ιωάννα , Τσιώτρα Σωτηρία , Θλιβίτου Ελεονώρα
Published: November 2022

Στο παρόν άρθρο παρουσιάζεται το μοντέλο, η εμπειρία και η αξιολόγηση εκπαιδευτικού προγράμματος του Τομέα Πρόληψης ΚΕΘΕΑ προς τους εκπαιδευτικούς της πρωτοβάθμιας βαθμίδας εκπαίδευσης που αφορά στην προσωπική και ψυχο-κοινωνική ανάπτυξη του παιδιού. Οι εκπαιδευτικοί συμμετέχουν εθελοντικά σε προσωπικό τους χρόνο στο συνολικής διάρκειας 20 ωρών εκπαιδευτικό πρόγραμμα. Η εκπαίδευση οργανώνεται σε συνεργασία με τις Διευθύνσεις Εκπαίδευσης και τα Γραφεία Αγωγής Υγείας. Σκοπός είναι οι εκπαιδευτικοί που λαμβάνουν μέρος στην εκπαίδευση να γνωρίσουν προσεγγίσεις και τεχνικές οι οποίες συμβάλλουν στην αυτό-αποτελεσματικότητά τους στην ανταπόκριση σε προσωπικές, συναισθηματικές και κοινωνικές ανάγκες των μαθητών τους και να έλθουν σε επαφή με εγκεκριμένα από το ΥΠΕΠΘ εκπαιδευτικά εγχειρίδια που στοχεύουν στην προσωπική και ψυχοκοινωνική εκπαίδευση του παιδιού και στην πρόληψη της χρήσης εξαρτησιογόνων ουσιών και άλλων βλαπτικών, για τη ζωή τους, συμπεριφορών. Οι πρακτικές μάθησης διακρίνονται από το «βιωματικό» τους χαρακτήρα και αξιοποιούνται οι αρχές της εκπαίδευσης ενηλίκων. Το περιεχόμενό του δεν έχει άμεση αναφορά στη χρήση ψυχοτρόπων ουσιών, αλλά αναφέρεται η σύνδεση ανάμεσα στην αιτιολογία του φαινομένου και τις στάσεις-συμπεριφορές που εμφανίζονται και στο σχολείο (π.χ. χαμηλή αυτοεκτίμηση, αρνητική σχέση και σύνδεση με το σχολείο), στη μείωση των προσωπικών ή/και κοινωνικών παραγόντων επικινδυνότητας. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται η αξιολόγηση των 33 εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων σε 682 εκπαιδευτικούς πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης, κατά τα σχολικά έτη 1999 – 2009, η οποία στηρίχθηκε σε ποιοτικές και ποσοτικές μεθόδους ανάλυσης. Παρουσιάζονται αναλυτικά ο στόχος και η μεθοδολογία της αξιολόγησης, τα κοινωνιο-δημογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά των συμμετεχόντων, οι ποσοτικοί δείκτες ικανοποίησης των συμμετεχόντων, η ανάλυση περιεχομένου των ανοικτού τύπου ερωτήσεων και τα συμπεράσματα. Στη συζήτηση συνοψίζονται τα βασικά θέματα και οι προτάσεις που αναδύονται από την εκπαιδευτική αυτή διεργασία. Λέξεις – Κλειδιά: Εκπαιδευτικά Προγράμματα, Πρόληψη, Ψυχοδραστικές Ουσίες, Εκπαιδευτικοί, Πρωτοβάθμια Εκπαίδευση, Αξιολόγηση, Ικανοποίηση.
Συνέντευξη με τον Eric Broekaert
Authors: Υφαντή Κωνσταντίνα
Published: November 2022

Σε αυτό το τεύχος παρουσιάζουμε τη συνέντευξη με τον Dr Eric Broekaert, έναν από τους ιδρυτές των Βέλγικων Θεραπευτικών Κοινοτήτων. Είναι Καθηγητής Παιδαγωγικής και Ορθοπαιδαγωγικής και Πρόεδρος του τομέα Ορθοπαιδαγωγικής του Πανεπιστημίου της Γάνδης. Είναι επίσης Αντιπρόεδρος της Ευρωπαϊκής Ομοσπονδίας Θεραπευτικών Κοινοτήτων και ένας από τους σημαντικότερους Ευρωπαίους Ερευνητές και Συγγραφείς στον τομέα της αντιμετώπισης των εξαρτήσεων.
Práticas de IHC como Apoio à Engenharia de Requisitos: Um Relato de Experiência
Authors: Carreira Igor Picolo , Guerino Guilherme Corredato , Teixeira Heloise Manica Paris , Dias Valle Pedro Henrique
Published: November 2022

As práticas de Interação Humano-Computador (IHC) têm sido utilizadas para apoiar o processo de elicitação e validação de requisitos de sistemas de software. Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência no projeto de melhorias em um sistema de controle acadêmico de uma universidade pública. A partir dos resultados obtidos num survey com 312 participantes, utilizou-se práticas de IHC para representar os requisitos destes usuários sobre o sistema. Além disso, o conhecimento obtido foi aplicado na criação de um novo projeto de interface para o sistema alinhado com as necessidades e opiniões emitidas pelos usuários.
SAVE: uma ferramenta para coleta, atualização e visualização de informações dos egressos
Authors: Oliveira William C. R. , Finger Alice F. , Mello Aline V.
Published: November 2022

É papel das instituições de ensino superior realizar o acompanhamento de seus egressos a fim de verificar a qualidade da formação oferecida e seu impacto na inserção no mercado de trabalho. O SAVE (Sistema de Acompanhamento da Vida do Egresso) surge com o objetivo de coletar os dados dos egressos, permitir atualizá-los de forma periódica e disponibilizar o acesso aos relatórios produzidos. O diferencial do SAVE é permitir que questionários sejam construídos a partir de questões já elaboradas, além de manter as respostas para que o acompanhamento seja menos oneroso para os respondentes ao longo do tempo. Neste trabalho apresentamos o módulo da ferramenta que realiza a coleta e a atualização dos dados.
Avaliação das ferramentas de análise estática de códigos PHP utilizando templates de websites eGov baseados em CMS
Authors: Comis Diego , Forrati Samuel , Bernardino Maicon , Rodrigues Elder de Macedo , da Silva João Pablo
Published: November 2022

A análise estática de código é uma técnica da verificação de software, onde uma ferramenta identifica defeitos anteriores à execução de trechos de código. Este trabalho propõe analisar e comparar algumas dessas ferramentas para o PHP. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram selecionadas cinco ferramentas entre as 70 encontradas, que passaram por critérios como: ter código aberto, disponibilizar documentação e abranger métricas de código. As ferramentas foram classificadas conforme eficiência e eficácia e sua avaliação ocorreu por meio de testes com três projetos em PHP para sites do Governo Federal do Brasil (eGOV), baseados nos CMS’s Drupal, Joomla e WordPress
Monitores Automáticos - uso de Learning Analytics para acompanhamento de atividades
Authors: Diniz Gabriel Augusto N. N. , Alencar Eric Eduardo da S. , Nunes Isabel D.
Published: November 2022

A Educação a Distância é um formato que exige o acompanhamento constante dos alunos por meio de recursos e ferramentas digitais. Atualmente, com cursos que ofertam um número grande de vagas, chegando a 500 ou 600 alunos, tal necessidade se torna ainda mais relevante. A ATID - Authoring Tool for Instructional Design é um plugin para o Moodle que permite o planejamento e a geração do design instrucional de um curso como também o seu acompanhamento. Por meio de notificações e monitores automáticos, a ATID fornece uma visão geral para o professor das execuções das atividades e participação dos alunos do curso, possibilitando a tomada de decisões em tempo hábil.
Simultaneous Screening of Nitrofuran Metabolites in Honey Using Biochip Array Technology: Validation Study According to the Decision 2002/657/EC of the European Union
Authors: Yazdanpanah Hassan , Osouli Mahraz , Salamzadeh Jamshid , Karimi Zakieh , Rashidi Elham , Borhan Ali , Yazdanpanah Alireza , Eslamizad Samira
Published: November 2022

Background: Although no authorization is available for antibiotics to treat bee diseases, some veterinary compounds are used by beekeepers, and each country sets its own thresholds. Inappropriate and excessive use of these drugs can cause allergic reactions and antibiotic resistance in humans who consume the remaining antibiotic residues in honey and its products. It is, therefore, relevant to monitor the presence of antibiotic residues in this matrix. Objectives: A rapid method for the simultaneous screening of nitrofuran metabolite residues in honey was validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC (C.D 657) and the European guideline for the validation of screening methods for veterinary medicines. Methods: This multi-analytical screening method enables the simultaneous determination of four nitrofuran metabolites [3-amino-2-oxazolidone (AOZ), 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), 1-Aminohydantoin HCl (ADH), and semicarbazide (SEC)] from a single honey sample. Thirty-five honey samples were collected randomly as real samples for screening from Tehran, IR Iran, Germany, and the Netherlands in 2018. Results: For all four antibiotic residues, the positivity threshold T was higher than the cut-off value Fm, and no false-positive results were obtained for three antibiotics (AOZ, AMOZ, and SEC). Detection capabilities (CCβ) of all compounds were under the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) authorized by the European Commission (currently 1 μg/kg). The screening results of 15 domestic and 20 imported honey samples showed that the levels of AOZ in 6.66% and 10% of the samples, the level of AMOZ in 13.33% and 0% of the samples, and the level of SEC in 33.33% and 40% of the samples were less than the cut-off ([in relative light units (RLUs)], respectively. Conclusions: This study found that this technique is valid for detecting and quantifying three antibiotic residues in honey samples at the measured validation levels. This method was simple, rapid, and capable of simultaneously screening three nitrofuran metabolites from a single honey sample.
Decommissioning nuclear power stations
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology
Published: November 2022

This POSTnote summarises the technology involved in decommissioning nuclear power stations and addresses related issues of potential interest to Parliamentarians
Computer misuse
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology
Published: November 2022

This POSTnote describes how computers can be ‘misused’, the damage that may or may not result, and the issues raised
كتاب مستقبل كوردستان في العراق
Authors: الخزعلي نور قيس عبود
Published: November 2022

يطرح موضوع كوردستان اشكالية كبرى ، سواء لدى الكورد او لدول المنطقة التي ينتشرون فيها ، فالكورد يحلمون بالدولة القومية التي تلبي مطالبهم ، رغم انه يوجد في كورسدستان تيارات فكرية وسياسية عدة ومنها من يؤمن بالانفصال عن الدول القائمة ، واخرى تؤمن بتحقيق خصوصية في اطار الدول التي ينتشر فيها الكورد . وخلال تاريخ التحركات الكوردية التي قامت بها التيارات الناشطة في كوردستان، توطدت الكثير من التغيرات الايجابية واخرى السلبية التي ترتبط بواقع كوردستان والكورد ، واخذت تظهر ليس في العراق فحسب انما في اجمالي كوردستان الكبرى ، الا ان ابرز التغيرات ظهرت بعد العام 2003 عندما شهدت العراق تغير في نظام الحكم ، واعلن رسميا تحول كوردستان العراق الى اقليم فدرالي .
STUDI KOMPARATIF PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) MILIK PETANI PLASMA DAN PETANI MANDIRI
Authors: Holidi Holidi , Abi Agus Salim
Published: November 2022

Terdapat dua tipe pola kepemilikan kebun kelapa sawit rakyat yaitu pola plasma dan pola swaday yang penting untuk dikaji.  Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mengevaluasi  pertumbuhan dan produksi kelapa sawit milik petani mandiri dan plasma dan bagaimana pengelolaan yang dilakukan.  Penelitian dilaksanakan di perkebunan kelapa sawit lahan kering milik rakyat pola plasma dan mandiri berlokasi di desa Marga Sakti Kecamatan Muara kelingi, Kabupaten Musi Rawas bulan November 2018 sampai akhir Januari 2019. Penelitian mengunakan metode survei dengan penentuan lokasi secara sengaja yaitu 5 sampel tanaman dari petani mandiri dan 10 ha petani plasma.  Data yang diamati tinggi tanaman, kadar klorofil daun, diameter tajuk dan produksi tandan buah segar (tbs sedangkan data penunjang meliputi curah hujan, aplikasi pupuk dan pengendalian hama dan penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan dan produksi kelapa sawit Petani pada pola plasma lebih baik dari pada pola swadaya di tunjukan oleh tinggi tanaman, lebar tajuk, kadar krorofil daun dan produksi kelapa sawit, masing-masing nilai pada pola plasma adalah 7,46 m, 5,92 m, 0,038445 mg/l dan 2.141 kg/ha/tahun, sedangkan pada pola swadaya 6,35 m, 5,83 m, 0,03855 mg/l, dan 1.389 kg/ha/tahun. Guna meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kelapa sawit pada pola swadaya perlu memberikan pupuk sesuai rekomendasi yang di perlukan.
PERANAN PENYULUH PERTANIAN DALAM MENDUKUNG KEBERLANJUTAN AGRIBISNIS PETANI MUDA DI KECAMATAN TANJUNG TEBAT KABUPATEN LAHAT
Authors: Hartini Indra
Published: November 2022

Pihak yang memiliki peluang membina petani muda di pedesaan  adalah penyuluh pertanian. Oleh karena itu, penyuluh pertanian dituntut berperan dalam menjaga keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara deskriptif peranan penyuluh pertanian dan keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda serta menganalisis pengaruh peranan penyuluh pertanian, karakteristik, kapasitas kewirausahaan dan faktor eksternal terhadap keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Tanjung Tebat Kabupaten Lahat.. Populasi penelitian adalah petani muda. Sampel dipilih sebanyak 150 orang menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Peubah penelitian terdiri atas karakteristik petani muda, dukungan eksternal, peranan penyuluh pertanian, ka

Pihak yang memiliki peluang membina petani muda di pedesaan  adalah penyuluh pertanian. Oleh karena itu, penyuluh pertanian dituntut berperan dalam menjaga keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara deskriptif peranan penyuluh pertanian dan keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda serta menganalisis pengaruh peranan penyuluh pertanian, karakteristik, kapasitas kewirausahaan dan faktor eksternal terhadap keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Tanjung Tebat Kabupaten Lahat.. Populasi penelitian adalah petani muda. Sampel dipilih sebanyak 150 orang menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Peubah penelitian terdiri atas karakteristik petani muda, dukungan eksternal, peranan penyuluh pertanian, kapasitas kewirausahaan dan kebelanjutan agribisnis. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat peranan penyuluh pertanian, faktor eksternal, kapasitas kewirausahaan dan potensi keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda masih berada pada kategori rendah. Keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda dipengaruhi oleh akses teknologi informasi komunikasi (TIK), faktor eksternal, peranan penyuluh pertanian dan kapasitas kewirausahaan. Dengan demikian untuk menjaga keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda dapat dilakukan melalui peningkatan akses TIK, penguatan peranan penyuluh pertanian, faktor eksternal dan kapasitas kewirausahaan petani muda.

pasitas kewirausahaan dan kebelanjutan agribisnis. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat peranan penyuluh pertanian, faktor eksternal, kapasitas kewirausahaan dan potensi keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda masih berada pada kategori rendah. Keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda dipengaruhi oleh akses teknologi informasi komunikasi (TIK), faktor eksternal, peranan penyuluh pertanian dan kapasitas kewirausahaan. Dengan demikian untuk menjaga keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda dapat dilakukan melalui peningkatan akses TIK, penguatan peranan penyuluh pertanian, faktor eksternal dan kapasitas kewirausahaan petani muda.
POLA KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADI DI DESA AIR SATAN KECAMATAN MUARA BELITI
Authors: Shiska May , Wahyuni Nenny
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola konsumsi rumahtangga dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumsi rumah tangga petani padi di Desa Air Satan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Air Satan Kecamatan Muara Beliti pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2021. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu konsumsi pangan rumahtangga dengan rata-rata Rp 18.844.757 atau sebesar 53% dan konsumsi non pangan dengan rata-rata Rp 16.587.243 atau sebesar 47%. Variabel pendapatan dan variabel jumlah anggota rumahtangga petani padi berpengaruh nyata dan signifikan terhadap konsumsi rumahtangga sedangkan variabel pendidikan, dan umur tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap konsumsi rumahtangga. Dengan nilai R Square (0,586) sama dengan 59% berarti bahwa pengaruh pendapatan, pendidikan, Anggota rumahtangga, dan umur pada rumahtangga petani padi sebesar 59% sedangkan 41% di pengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar model regresi.
Living with the Enemy: Why High Priest Joseph Caiaphas was not a Roman Collaborator
Authors: Ryan Maurice
Published: November 2022

The term, collaborator, has been widely attributed to Jewish high priest Joseph Caiaphas when discussing his relationship with the Roman prefect Pontius Pilate. The implication of this description has been that Caiaphas holds ultimate responsibility for the execution of Jesus of Nazareth at the hands of the Romans. This article challenges the validity of the description of Caiaphas as a collaborator. Little evidence of any relationship between the two men exists. Likewise, any ability to see into the heart and mind of Caiaphas to assess motives and intentions is not available to modern investigations. The meaning of the word itself is malleable and has undergone shifts in usage since it was first applied to Caiaphas in the years immediately after the end of World War II. Assigning an unreliable term such as collaborator to Caiaphas is a stumbling block in relations between Christians and Jews.
Этнические и социальные группы Самарканда и их визуальные репрезентации в эпоху Российской империи
Authors: Malikov Azim , Hejzlarová Tereza , Torlanbayeva Kenzhe
Published: November 2022

The main purpose of the article is to study the discourses, the context of the production and the perception of the images of the ethnic „different“ in the photographs of the Russian Empire on the example of the Samarkand region in the second half of the 19th and early 20th century. The study of photographs, publications of scholars-orientalists and archival documents shows contradictions in the ethnic classification of the population. The classification of the population by the central government differed from the submissions of some regional officials. In the first decade after the annexation of the region, the authorities seeking to ensure the loyalty of ethnic minorities, in the context of ethnic diversity, studied ethnic and social groups in detail, as reflected in photographs. From the beginning of the twentieth century, pursuing certain objectives, some representatives of the authorities tried to simplify the external categorization of the population of the region, which was reflected in the preferential use of the term “sart” in photographs instead of local social and ethnic self-descriptions. The ideas of Panturkism and Panislamism, seen as a threat to the security, influenced the perceptions of officials.
Soviet Nationality Policy towards Kurds, 1917-1956
Authors: Pohl J. Otto
Published: November 2022

Soviet policy towards its Kurdish minority shifted from supporting their cultural development during the 1920s and early 1930s to a more repressive policy from 1937-1956 and then back again to a more favorable position. Soviet repression of its Kurdish population reached its height in November 1944 with the deportation of a significant number of them from the areas of Georgia bordering Turkey to Central Asia. Here they were placed under special settlement restrictions limiting their movement and suffered from material deprivations resulting in a significant number of deaths. This article focuses on Soviet policy towards its Kurdish minority from the time of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 until several years after the death of Stalin in 1956 when the Kurds in Central Asia were released from the special settlement restrictions.
The Alienation of Fact
Authors: Saltman Kenneth J.
Published: November 2022

An investigation of the role of educational privatization and technology in the crises of truth and agency.

Today, conspiracy theories run rampant, attacks on facts have become commonplace, and systemic inequities are on the rise as individual and collective agency unravels. The Alienation of Fact explains the educational, technological, and ideological preconditions for these contemporary crises of truth and agency and explores the contradictions and competing visions for the future of education that lie at the center of the problem.

Schools are increasingly reimagined as businesses, and high-stakes standardized testing and curricula, for-profit charter schools, and the rise of educational AI put capital and technology at the center of education. Yet even as our society demands measure, data, and facts, politicians and news outlets regularly make unfounded assertions. How should we make sense of the contradictions between the demand for radical data-driven empiricism and the flight from evidence, argument, or theoretical justification?

In this critical investigation of the new digital directions of educational privatization—AI education, adaptive learning technology, biometrics, the quantification of play and social emotional learning—and the politics of the body, Saltman shows how the false certainty of bodies and numbers replaces deliberative and thoughtful agency in a time of increasing precarity. A distinctive contribution to scholarship on public school privatization and educational technology, politics, policy, pedagogy, and theory, The Alienation of Fact is a spirited call for democratic education that values creating a society of “thinking people” over capitalistic gains.
Global hypo-methylation in a proportion of glioblastoma enriched for an astrocytic signature is associated with increased invasion and altered immune landscape
Authors: Boot James , Rosser Gabriel , Kancheva Dailya , Vinel Claire , Lim Yau Mun , Pomella Nicola , Zhang Xinyu , Guglielmi Loredana , Sheer Denise , Barnes Michael , Brandner Sebastian , Nelander Sven , Movahedi Kiavash , Marino Silvia
Published: November 2022

We describe a subset of glioblastoma, the most prevalent malignant adult brain tumour, harbouring a bias towards hypomethylation at defined differentially methylated regions. This epigenetic signature correlates with an enrichment for an astrocytic gene signature, which together with the identification of enriched predicted binding sites of transcription factors known to cause demethylation and to be involved in astrocytic/glial lineage specification, point to a shared ontogeny between these glioblastomas and astroglial progenitors. At functional level, increased invasiveness, at least in part mediated by SRPX2, and macrophage infiltration characterise this subset of glioblastoma.
Age acquired skewed X chromosome inactivation is associated with adverse health outcomes in humans
Authors: Roberts Amy L , Morea Alessandro , Amar Ariella , Zito Antonino , El-Sayed Moustafa Julia S , Tomlinson Max , Bowyer Ruth CE , Zhang Xinyuan , Christiansen Colette , Costeira Ricardo , Steves Claire J , Mangino Massimo , Bell Jordana T , Wong Chloe CY , Vyse Timothy J , Small Kerrin S
Published: November 2022

Background:

Ageing is a heterogenous process characterised by cellular and molecular hallmarks, including changes to haematopoietic stem cells and is a primary risk factor for chronic diseases. X chromosome inactivation (XCI) randomly transcriptionally silences either the maternal or paternal X in each cell of 46, XX females to balance the gene expression with 46, XY males. Age acquired XCI-skew describes the preferential selection of cells across a tissue resulting in an imbalance of XCI, which is particularly prevalent in blood tissues of ageing females, and yet its clinical consequences are unknown.

Methods:

We assayed XCI in 1575 females from the TwinsUK population cohort using DNA extracted from whole blood. We employed prospective, cross-sectional, and intra-twin study designs to characterise the relationship of XCI-skew with molecular and cellular measures of ageing, cardiovascular disease risk, and cancer diagnosis.

Results:

We demonstrate that XCI-skew is independent of traditional markers of biological ageing and is associated with a haematopoietic bias towards the myeloid lineage. Using an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score, which captures traditional risk factors, XCI-skew is associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk both cross-sectionally and within XCI-skew discordant twin pairs. In a prospective 10 year follow-up study, XCI-skew is predictive of future cancer incidence.

Conclusions:

Our study demonstrates that age acquired XCI-skew captures changes to the haematopoietic stem cell population and has clinical potential as a unique biomarker of chronic disease risk.

Funding:

KSS acknowledges funding from the Medical Research Council [MR/M004422/1 and MR/R023131/1]. JTB acknowledges funding from the ESRC [ES/N000404/1]. MM acknowledges funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)-funded BioResource, Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King’s College London. TwinsUK is funded by the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, European Union, Chronic Disease Research Foundation (CDRF), Zoe Global Ltd and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)-funded BioResource, Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King’s College London.
Bundling and segregation affect pheromone deposition, but not choice, in an ant
Authors: De Agrò Massimo , Matschunas Chiara , Czaczkes Tomer J
Published: November 2022

Behavioural economists have identified many psychological manipulations which affect perceived value. A prominent example of this is bundling, in which several small gains (or costs) are experienced as more valuable (or costly) than if the same total amount is presented together. While extensively demonstrated in humans, to our knowledge this effect has never been investigated in an animal, let alone an invertebrate. We trained individual Lasius niger workers to two of three conditions in which either costs (travel distance), gains (sucrose reward), or both were either bundled or segregated: (1) both costs and gains bundled, (2) both segregated, and (3) only gains segregated. We recorded pheromone deposition on the ants’ return trips to the nest as measure of perceived value. After training, we offer the ants a binary choice between odours associated with the treatments. While bundling treatment did not affect binary choice, it strongly influenced pheromone deposition. Ants deposited c. 80% more pheromone when rewards were segregated but costs bundled as compared with both costs and rewards being bundled. This pattern is further complicated by the pairwise experience each animal made, and which of the treatments it experiences first during training. This demonstrates that even insects are influenced by bundling effects. We propose that the deviation between binary choice and pheromone deposition in this case may be due to a possible linearity in distance perception in ants, while almost all other sensory perception in animals is logarithmic.