bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Levels and Methods of Measurement of Electromagnetic Compatibility of Vehicles, Boats (up to 15 m), and Machines (16.6 Hz to 18 GHz)
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: March 2017

This SAE Standard covers the measurement of radio frequency radiated emissions and immunity. Each part details the
requirements for a specific type of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test and the applicable frequency range of the test
method.
The methods are applicable to a vehicle, boat, machine or device powered by an internal combustion engine or battery
powered electric motor. Operation of all engines or motors (main and auxiliary) of a vehicle, boat, machine or device is
included. All equipment normally operating when the vehicle, boat, machine or device is in operation is included. Operator
controlled equipment is included or excluded as specified in the individual document parts.
As a special case, CISPR 12 applies to battery powered floor finishing equipment, but robot carpet sweepers are
excluded. By reference, IEC CISPR 12 and CISPR 25 are adopted as the standards for the measurement of vehicle
emissions. In the event that an amendment is made or a new edition is published, the new IEC document shall become
part of this standard six months after the publication of the IEC document. SAE reserves the right to identify exceptions to
the published IEC documents with the exceptions to be documented in SAE J551-2 and SAE J551-4, respectively. Also
by reference, ISO 11451-2, ISO 11451-3 and ISO 11451-4 are adopted as standards for the measurement of vehicle
immunity. In the event that an amendment is made or a new edition is published, the new ISO document shall become
part of this standard six months after the publication of the ISO document. SAE reserves the right to identify exceptions to
the published ISO documents with the exceptions to be documented in SAE J551-11, SAE J551-12 and SAE J551-13,
respectively.
The recommended levels apply only to complete vehicles in their final manufactured form. Vehicle-mounted rectifiers used
for charging in electric vehicles are included in this series of documents when operated in their charging mode.
Emissions from intentional radiators are not controlled by this document. (See applicable, appropriate regulatory
documents.) The immunity of commercial mains powered equipment to over voltages and line transients is not covered by
this document.
Civil Society Organisations and Conflict Management: The Nigerian Experience
Authors: Irene Oseremen Felix , Majekodunmi Samuel
Published: March 2017

Intra-state violent conflicts have been on the rise in many states in recent years. Climate change has been negatively affecting available resources in many communities, and this contributes to the spate of unhealthy competitions and violent conflicts in many communities. This is further compounded by the increasing waves of terrorism. Nigeria is not spared of this experience. From North to South, East to West, violent conflicts have negatively impacted on public service delivery and business activities in the world largest community of blacks creating a drawback in the development stride in local communities and society at large. There have been attempts by successive governments to address the violent conflicts, but much of which have been through the use of government security agents, and since violence begets violence, the approach has not really resulted in positive peace required to create the right business clime for the people. Following this, civil society organisations stepped in with a view to filling the gap occasioned by government’s failure to effectively manage the situations. The various civil society organisations explored tools, from traditional religion, Christian religion and modern conflict resolution mechanism to intervene in the conflicts. This paper examined the roles of these organisations in conflict intervention in Nigeria.Key words: Civil society organisations, conflict, intervention, Nigerian experience, implication, public service delivery, business activities
Women in Ministry (Luke 24: 22-23): Where are they in Nigeria Ecclesia?
Authors: Mbonu Caroline N.
Published: March 2017

The biblical faith tradition prides itself as foremost in gender relations, which a close reading of the biblical text assents. Some scholars, however, argue that women in the Hebrew Bible were totally beholden to the men and as such played little or no part in Israel’s faith history. A critical reading of the Scriptural texts highlights an array of women whose active participation in salvation history remained largely unsung. Shrouded in anonymity, the liberative role of biblical women as well as women in church history continued to be inaccessible to the ordinary reader because of entrenched androcentric interpretation of the religious texts, which tends to minimize women’s unique role repeatedly. Scripture and church tradition present women who from the beginning of the Jesus Movement and down through the centuries have collaborated with men as well as stood on their own, in church ministry. This expository paper draws insights from scripture, church history and cultural studies, and with hermeneutics of acknowledgement as critical tool, shows women’s active engagement in church ministry. The Lucan text (24:22-23), provided the platform from which to tease out the assertion of women participation for the optimal engagement of contemporary Nigeria women in church life and ministry.Key Words: Ministry, Women, Service, Asceticism, Diaconate
The Impact of Language Development and Global Peace Initiative in the 21st Century: The Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Ugoji Stellamaris C.
Published: March 2017

The indisputable nature of language in social contacts cannot be over-emphasized. Language is regarded as key to peoples’ hearts because it is used to appeal to their emotions. Language is not only specie-specific but a window to our innermost self. It is an x-ray with which our innermost mind can be inferred. Language can be used to ignite conflict and can also be used to restore peace. Provocative language can be used to cause conflicts and at times even wars, but appropriate use of language can restore peace. Our present world has been bedevilled by conflicts, distrust and even wars. Most often when peace is needed, avenue for dialogue is created and the only instrument used in this dialogue is language. However, it is surprising that in most cases, the issue of language is not considered as a veritable tool for conflict resolution and as such most often, this is not always one of the things that are focused at in global peace initiatives. The study focused on how language and most importantly language development can be used not just to achieve peace but also to inculcate the habit of using appropriate language at all times. In the 21st century where it appears there is a growing trend of violence and eroding of our cultural values and norms, the paper identified language, and more, linguistic politeness strategies as significant means of resolving conflicts and initiating peace. The paper combined insights from the theory of linguistic relativism by Sapir and Whorf and thus advocated the inculcation of peace and the need to use appropriate language while the children are still acquiring and learning language(s).Key words: language, peace, development, linguistic, conflict and resolution, linguistic relativism
Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of Teucrium muscatense

Authors: Rehman Najeeb Ur , Salim Al-Sahai Jawaher Mohammad , Hussain Hidayat , Khan Abdul Latif , Gilani Syed Abdullah , Abbas Ghulam , Hussain Javid , Sabahi Jamal Nasser , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: March 2017

The effect of enzyme inhibition, anticancer, antifungal, antioxidants activities of the extracts of Teucrium muscatense obtained with different organic solvents was investigated. Chloroform fraction exhibited promising inhibition (64%) with IC50 value (390 ± 2.0 μg/mL) against urease, while other fractions displayed moderate activity. In case of α-glucosidase and acetyl cholinesterase enzyme inhibition assays, all fractions were found inactive at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. The n-hexane fraction of Teucrium muscatense exhibited highest anticancer activity against breast cancer cell (MDAMB231) line at high (100 µg/mL) concentration and also inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum up to 64.3% in case of antifungal activity. EtOAc fraction showed highiest DPPH (70.6%) and ABTS (76.7%) radical scavenging activity at highest concentration (1000 μg/mL). Bioassay guided isolation of EtOAc fraction afforded two flavonoids (1 and 2). Both compounds showed highiest ABTS activity and could be a significant markers in the EtOAc fraction. Anti-lipid peroxidation assay was also performed in which aqueous fraction showed highest percentage of 73.2% at higher concentration (1000 μg/mL) followed by n-BuOH (64.1%) and EtOAc (51.4%) fractions. GC/MS analysis of the essential oil of T. mascatense showed higher percentage of linalool (34.18%), limonene (13.45%), linalyl acetate (10.04%), and β-eudesmol (9.21%). Proximate composition of Teucrium muscatense showed that it contained high amount of ash (19.6%), protein (10.3%), and fiber (17.5%).
Sensitivity of the interannual variability of mineral aerosol simulations to meteorological forcing dataset
Authors: Smith Molly B. , Mahowald Natalie M. , Albani Samuel , Perry Aaron , Losno Remi , Qu Zihan , Marticorena Beatrice , Ridley David A. , Heald Colette L.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Interannual variability in desert dust is widely observed and simulated, yet the sensitivity of these desert dust simulations to a particular meteorological dataset, as well as a particular model construction, is not well known. Here we use version 4 of the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM4) with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to simulate dust forced by three different reanalysis meteorological datasets for the period 1990–2005. We then contrast the results of these simulations with dust simulated using online winds dynamically generated from sea surface temperatures, as well as with simulations conducted using other modeling frameworks but the same meteorological forcings, in order to determine the sensitivity of climate model output to the specific reanalysis dataset used. For the seven cases considered in our study, the different model configurations are able to simulate the annual mean of the global dust cycle, seasonality and interannual variability approximately equally well (or poorly) at the limited observational sites available. Overall, aerosol dust-source strength has remained fairly constant during the time period from 1990 to 2005, although there is strong seasonal and some interannual variability simulated in the models and seen in the observations over this time period. Model interannual variability comparisons to observations, as well as comparisons between models, suggest that interannual variability in dust is still difficult to simulate accurately, with averaged correlation coefficients of 0.1 to 0.6. Because of the large variability, at least 1 year of observations at most sites are needed to correctly observe the mean, but in some regions, particularly the remote oceans of the Southern Hemisphere, where interannual variability may be larger than in the Northern Hemisphere, 2–3 years of data are likely to be needed.
A possible pathway for rapid growth of sulfate during haze days in China
Authors: Li Guohui , Bei Naifang , Cao Junji , Huang Rujin , Wu Jiarui , Feng Tian , Wang Yichen , Liu Suixin , Zhang Qiang , Tie Xuexi , Molina Luisa T.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Rapid industrialization and urbanization have caused frequent occurrence of haze in China during wintertime in recent years. The sulfate aerosol is one of the most important components of fine particles (PM2. 5) in the atmosphere, contributing significantly to the haze formation. However, the heterogeneous formation mechanism of sulfate remains poorly characterized. The relationships of the observed sulfate with PM2. 5, iron, and relative humidity in Xi'an, China have been employed to evaluate the mechanism and to develop a parameterization of the sulfate heterogeneous formation involving aerosol water for incorporation into atmospheric chemical transport models. Model simulations with the proposed parameterization can successfully reproduce the observed sulfate rapid growth and diurnal variations in Xi'an and Beijing, China. Reasonable representation of sulfate heterogeneous formation in chemical transport models considerably improves the PM2. 5 simulations, providing the underlying basis for better understanding the haze formation and supporting the design and implementation of emission control strategies.
Field-of-view characteristics and resolution matching for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI)
Authors: Petty Grant W. , Bennartz Ralf
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Representative parameters of the scan geometry are empirically determined for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI). Effective fields of view (EFOVs) are computed for the GMI's 13 channels, taking into account the blurring effect of the measurement interval on the instantaneous fields of view (IFOVs). Using a Backus–Gilbert procedure, coefficients are derived that yield an approximate spatial match between synthetic EFOVs of different channels, using the 18.7 GHz channels as a target and with due consideration of the tradeoff between the quality of the fit and noise amplification and edge effects. Modest improvement in resolution is achieved for the 10.65 GHz channels, albeit with slight ringing in the vicinity of coastlines and other sharp brightness temperature gradients. For all other channels, resolution is coarsened to approximate the 18.7 GHz EFOV. It is shown that the resolution matching procedure reduces nonlinear correlations between channels in the presence of coastlines as well as enables the more efficient separation of large brightness temperature variations due to coastlines from the much smaller variations due to other geophysical variables. As a byproduct of this work, we report accurate EFOV resolutions as well as a self-consistent set of parameters for modeling the scan geometry of the GMI.
Structural uncertainty in air mass factor calculation for NO2 and HCHO satellite retrievals
Authors: Lorente Alba , Folkert Boersma K. , Yu Huan , Dörner Steffen , Hilboll Andreas , Richter Andreas , Liu Mengyao , Lamsal Lok N. , Barkley Michael , De Smedt Isabelle , Van Roozendael Michel , Wang Yang , Wagner Thomas , Beirle Steffen , Lin Jin-Tai , Krotkov Nickolay , Stammes Piet , Wang Ping , Eskes Henk J. , Krol Maarten
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Air mass factor (AMF) calculation is the largest source of uncertainty in NO2 and HCHO satellite retrievals in situations with enhanced trace gas concentrations in the lower troposphere. Structural uncertainty arises when different retrieval methodologies are applied within the scientific community to the same satellite observations. Here, we address the issue of AMF structural uncertainty via a detailed comparison of AMF calculation methods that are structurally different between seven retrieval groups for measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). We estimate the escalation of structural uncertainty in every sub-step of the AMF calculation process. This goes beyond the algorithm uncertainty estimates provided in state-of-the-art retrievals, which address the theoretical propagation of uncertainties for one particular retrieval algorithm only. We find that top-of-atmosphere reflectances simulated by four radiative transfer models (RTMs) (DAK, McArtim, SCIATRAN and VLIDORT) agree within 1.5 %. We find that different retrieval groups agree well in the calculations of altitude resolved AMFs from different RTMs (to within 3 %), and in the tropospheric AMFs (to within 6 %) as long as identical ancillary data (surface albedo, terrain height, cloud parameters and trace gas profile) and cloud and aerosol correction procedures are being used. Structural uncertainty increases sharply when retrieval groups use their preference for ancillary data, cloud and aerosol correction. On average, we estimate the AMF structural uncertainty to be 42 % over polluted regions and 31 % over unpolluted regions, mostly driven by substantial differences in the a priori trace gas profiles, surface albedo and cloud parameters. Sensitivity studies for one particular algorithm indicate that different cloud correction approaches result in substantial AMF differences in polluted conditions (5 to 40 % depending on cloud fraction and cloud pressure, and 11 % on average) even for low cloud fractions (<  0.2) and the choice of aerosol correction introduces an average uncertainty of 50 % for situations with high pollution and high aerosol loading. Our work shows that structural uncertainty in AMF calculations is significant and that it is mainly caused by the assumptions and choices made to represent the state of the atmosphere. In order to decide which approach and which ancillary data are best for AMF calculations, we call for well-designed validation exercises focusing on polluted conditions in which AMF structural uncertainty has the highest impact on NO2 and HCHO retrievals.
Carbon balance of a grazed savanna grassland ecosystem in South Africa
Authors: Räsänen Matti , Aurela Mika , Vakkari Ville , Beukes Johan P. , Tuovinen Juha-Pekka , Van Zyl Pieter G. , Josipovic Miroslav , Venter Andrew D. , Jaars Kerneels , Siebert Stefan J. , Laurila Tuomas , Rinne Janne , Laakso Lauri
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Tropical savannas and grasslands are estimated to contribute significantly to the total primary production of all terrestrial vegetation. Large parts of African savannas and grasslands are used for agriculture and cattle grazing, but the carbon flux data available from these areas are limited. This study explores carbon dioxide fluxes measured with the eddy covariance method for 3 years at a grazed savanna grassland in Welgegund, South Africa. The tree cover around the measurement site, grazed by cattle and sheep, was around 15 %. The night-time respiration was not significantly dependent on either soil moisture or soil temperature on a weekly temporal scale, whereas on an annual timescale higher respiration rates were observed when soil temperatures were higher. The carbon dioxide balances of the years 2010–2011, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 were −85 ± 16, 67 ± 20 and 139 ± 13 gC m−2 yr−1, respectively. The yearly variation was largely determined by the changes in the early wet season fluxes (September to November) and in the mid-growing season fluxes (December to January). Early rainfall enhanced the respiratory capacity of the ecosystem throughout the year, whereas during the mid-growing season high rainfall resulted in high carbon uptake.
Vertical segregation among pathways mediating nitrogen-loss (N2 and N2O production) across the oxygen gradient in a coastal upwelling ecosystem
Authors: Galán Alexander , Thamdrup Bo , Saldías Gonzalo S. , Farías Laura
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The upwelling system off central Chile (36.5°ree: S) is seasonally subjected to oxygen (O2) deficient waters, with a strong vertical gradient in O2 varying from oxic to anoxic conditions on a scale of a few meters (30–50 m interval) over the shelf. This condition inhibits and/or stimulates processes involved in nitrogen (N) removal (e.g., anammox, denitrification, and nitrification). During austral spring (September 2013) and summer (January 2014), the main pathways involved in N-loss and its speciation, in the form of N2 and N2O, were studied using 15N-tracer incubations, inhibitor assays, the natural abundance of nitrate isotopes, and hydrographic information. Incubations were developed using water retrieved from the oxycline (25 m depth) and bottom waters (85 m depth), over the continental shelf off Concepción, Chile. Results of 15N-labeled incubations revealed a higher N removal activity during the austral summer, with denitrification as the dominant N2 producing pathway, which occurred together with anammox at all times. Interestingly, in both spring and summer maximum potential N removal rates were observed in the oxycline. Notwithstanding, a greater availability of oxygen was observed (maximum O2 fluctuation between 270 and 40 μmol L−1), relative to the hypoxic bottom waters (
Application of the adjoint approach to optimise the initial conditions of a turbidity current with the AdjointTurbidity 1.0 model
Authors: Parkinson Samuel D. , Funke Simon W. , Hill Jon , Piggott Matthew D. , Allison Peter A.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Turbidity currents are one of the main drivers of sediment transport from the continental shelf to the deep ocean. The resulting sediment deposits can reach hundreds of kilometres into the ocean. Computer models that simulate turbidity currents and the resulting sediment deposit can help us to understand their general behaviour. However, in order to recreate real-world scenarios, the challenge is to find the turbidity current parameters that reproduce the observations of sediment deposits. This paper demonstrates a solution to the inverse sediment transportation problem: for a known sedimentary deposit, the developed model reconstructs details about the turbidity current that produced the deposit. The reconstruction is constrained here by a shallow water sediment-laden density current model, which is discretised by the finite-element method and an adaptive time-stepping scheme. The model is differentiated using the adjoint approach, and an efficient gradient-based optimisation method is applied to identify the turbidity parameters which minimise the misfit between the modelled and the observed field sediment deposits. The capabilities of this approach are demonstrated using measurements taken in the Miocene Marnoso-arenacea Formation (Italy). We find that whilst the model cannot match the deposit exactly due to limitations in the physical processes simulated, it provides valuable insights into the depositional processes and represents a significant advance in our toolset for interpreting turbidity current deposits.
Update of the SWIFT model for polar stratospheric ozone loss
(SWIFT version 2)
Authors: Wohltmann Ingo , Lehmann Ralph , Rex Markus
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The SWIFT model is a fast scheme for calculating the chemistry of stratospheric ozone depletion in polar winter. It is intended for use in Global Climate Models (GCMs) and Earth System Models (ESMs) to enable the simulation of interactions between the ozone layer and climate. So far, climate models often use prescribed ozone fields, since a full stratospheric chemistry scheme is computationally very expensive. SWIFT is based on a set of coupled differential equations, which simulate the polar vortex averaged mixing ratios of the key species involved in polar ozone depletion on a given vertical level. These species are O3, active chlorine (ClOx), HCl, ClONO2 and HNO3. The only external input parameters that drive the model are the fraction of the polar vortex in sunlight and the fraction of the polar vortex below the temperatures necessary for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds. Here, we present an update of the SWIFT model introducing several improvements over the original model formulation. In particular, the model is now trained on vortex averaged reaction rates of the ATLAS Chemistry and Transport Model, which enables a detailed look at single processes and an independent validation of the different parameterizations for the single processes contained in the differential equations. The training of the original SWIFT model was based on fitting complete model runs to satellite observations and did not allow this. A revised formulation of the system of differential equations is developed, which closely fits vortex averaged reaction rates from ATLAS that represent the main chemical processes influencing ozone. In addition, a parameterization for the HNO3 change by denitrification is included. The rates of change of the concentrations of the chemical species of the SWIFT model are purely chemical rates of change in the new version, while the rates of change in the original SWIFT version included a transport effect caused by the original training on satellite data. Hence, the new version allows for an implementation into climate models in combination with an existing stratospheric transport scheme. Finally, the model is now formulated on several vertical levels encompassing the vertical range in which polar ozone depletion is observed. The results of the SWIFT model are validated with independent MLS satellite observations and the results of the original detailed chemistry model of ATLAS.
Hydrological controls on DOC : nitrate resource stoichiometry in a lowland, agricultural catchment, southern UK
Authors: Heppell Catherine M. , Binley Andrew , Trimmer Mark , Darch Tegan , Jones Ashley , Malone Ed , Collins Adrian L. , Johnes Penny J. , Freer Jim E. , Lloyd Charlotte E. M.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The role that hydrology plays in governing the interactions between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen in rivers draining lowland, agricultural landscapes is currently poorly understood, yet important to assess given the potential changes to production and delivery of DOC and nitrate arising from climate change. We measured DOC and nitrate concentrations in river water of six reaches of the lowland River Hampshire Avon (Wiltshire, southern UK) in order to quantify the relationship between Baseflow Index (BFI) and DOC : nitrate molar ratios across contrasting geologies (Chalk, Greensand and clay). We found a significant positive relationship between nitrate and Baseflow Index (p
Acute Tubular Injury Associated with Imatinib (Gleevec): A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Barta Valerie S. , Uppal Nupur N. , Pullman James M. , Levy Anna T. , Jhaveri Kenar D.
Published: March 2017

Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) is a cellular protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. This form of targeted therapy has been used for renal cell cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Acute kidney injury, hypophosphatemia, and tumor lysis syndrome have been reported with this agent. We present a 76-year-old woman with a GIST tumor treated with imatinib mesylate. Shortly following the start of treatment, the patient developed acute kidney injury with a serum creatinine of 1.7 mg/dL. A kidney biopsy revealed an acute drug-induced tubular injury. Withholding the agent improved the renal function. Given the extent of her disease, the dose was reduced and she was maintained on treatment. Eight months later there was no radiographic evidence of disease and her renal function remained stable at 1.6 mg/dL. In this paper, we also review the known renal toxicities associated with imatinib. With the increasing use of imatinib and other novel targeted agents for various cancers, it is essential to understand its short- and long-term renal side effects. The acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease experienced tends to be mild, but the monitoring of serum creatinine is an important part of treatment, especially within the first 3 months. In addition, patients on imatinib need to be monitored for its rarer effects on bone metabolism, such as hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia.
Why Did my Patient get this Kidney Problem after Receiving this New Cancer Drug?
Authors: Sathick Insara Jaffer , Seshan Surya V. , Glezerman Ilya G.
Published: March 2017

Novel anticancer therapies are changing the landscape of clinical oncology and nephrology practice. With improved survival rates, many cancer survivors are developing kidney disease as a result of their cancer treatment. As a consequence, a new medical sub-specialty has emerged, termed “onco-nephrology.” Onco-nephrology is a broad term encompassing acute and chronic kidney disease from cancer therapy as well as other effects, such as hypertension and electrolyte disturbances. For the practicing nephrologist, it is important to be aware of emerging toxicities from relatively newer anticancer therapies. In this review, we provide an update on the renal toxicity of emerging anticancer therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, and BRAF inhibitors.
O gerenciamento de riscos nos projetos turísticos: o caso do Projeto de Turismo Solidário no distrito do Frade – Macaé (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil)
Authors: Nunes Juliana Ribeiro Tomaz da Silva
Published: March 2017

O desenvolvimento da atividade turística em uma localidade transforma seu espaço em um território turístico, no qual muitas relações de poder se fazem presentes. Compreender qual é o grau de influência do gerenciamento de riscos para a tomada de decisão quanto a implementação de um projeto turístico é fundamental, já que uma gama de stakeholders e variáveis estão envolvidas. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, a presente pesquisa se constitui de uma abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, na qual se buscou analisar e correlacionar de modo particular, os impactos da gestão de riscos para projetos turísticos que envolvem a transformação do território, a partir do Estudo de Caso do projeto "Turismo Solidário Frade - Macaé" (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil) que começou a ser planejado no ano de 2016. Além disso, utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, empregando técnicas como observação participante. Como principal resultado, destaca-se que o gerenciamento de riscos teve uma ação singular para a tomada de decisão em relação a adiar a implementação do "Projeto de Turismo Solidário no Frade”, já que o contexto político não era favorável e a comunidade local ainda não estava preparada para receber as ações, que despenderiam recurso, tempo e orçamento em vão para a época em que seria implementado.
Notas sobre políticas públicas a respeito da gastronomia no contexto turístico brasileiro
Authors: Gimenes-Minasse Maria Henriqueta Sperandio Garcia
Published: March 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma discussão sobre políticas públicas federais voltadas para a valorização da gastronomia no contexto brasileiro, procurando concatená-las com a atividade turística. São tratadas aqui a Lei n. 8.313, de 23 de dezembro de 1991 (mais conhecida como Lei Rouanet); a Lei Federal 9.279/1996 (que institui as indicações geográficas para produtos e serviços); o Decreto Federal 3.551/2000 (que trata do registro de bens imateriais), e também iniciativas no âmbito do turismo que destacam, de alguma forma, a gastronomia. Verificou-se a existência de iniciativas que, mesmo com naturezas e objetivos diferentes, contribuem para a legitimação da gastronomia como prática cultural e para a valorização de práticas e produtos tradicionais a ela relacionados. Do ponto de vista turístico houve dificuldade em se conseguir informações sobre as ações em execução, bem como se observou que as poucas ações identificadas estão pouco articuladas entre si e com o compromisso de divulgar e fortalecer a gastronomia como um atrativo turístico relevante.
Turismo e Sociedade (Eletrônica). Curitiba, volume 9, número 3, Setembro-Dezembro de 2016.
Authors: Bahl Miguel
Published: March 2017

Capa para compor opção de versão impressa.
“They are friendly but they don’t want to be friends with you”: A narrative inquiry into Chinese nursing students’ learning experience in Australia
Authors: Wang Carol Chunfeng , Whitehead Lisa , Bayes Sara
Published: March 2017

There is increasing interest in the phenomena of international student mobility and the growing global demand for skilled nurses. Little is known, however, about the learning experiences of Chinese nursing students at Australian universities. This study begins to address this gap. A narrative inquiry methodology was employed. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions, along with field notes and observations were conducted with six Chinese undergraduate nursing students studying undergraduate nursing in Western Australia. Chinese nursing students in Australia experienced fear and anxiety, driven by unfamiliarity with the hospital environment, education methods, and assessment expectations. Clinical placement experiences in Australian health services were identified by participants as the most stressful learning experience. Forming friendships with domestic students was difficult and rare for these students: none made friends with local students or joined university groups. Despite the challenges they experienced, the participants were motivated and adaptive to a new culture and learning methods, and all, demonstrated academic success. This study provides new knowledge about the learning experiences of Chinese nursing students at Australian universities. Many of the issues identified relate to the wider discussion around effective support for international students.
Effectieve regionale netwerken
Authors: Klaster Esther
Published: March 2017

Effective regional networks. A study of networks promoted from the top down in the domain of education and the labor market

Regional networks are often used by the central government in the Netherlands as a way of translating national purposes into regional action. At the same time regional networks increasingly arise from the bottom up. In short, it gets busy in the region. This article describes research on regional networks encouraged by the national government to handle complex issues in the domain of education and the labor market. The central question of this article is the way in which stimulating regional cooperation can be used effectively by the central government. Thirteen networks are studied with the help of interviews, questionnaires and data from social networks. The research findings show that in these networks that are encouraged from the top down, there is a tension between achieving short-term results and building cooperative relations, and that a sense of urgency in the region is an important prerequisite for success. This calls for more bottom-up co-determination of the policy agenda and the pace. In addition, there appeared to be a strong overlap between seemingly separate networks, thematically as well as in terms of staffing, which again offers opportunities for creating synergy. The findings call for using these ‘meta networks’ in the formation of networks. Both notions lead to some strategies for the effective use of regional networks.
DOES QUALITY OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOWS? A CASE OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.
Authors: Bobenič-Hintošová Aneta
Published: March 2017

This paper investigates the effect of selected business environment indicators on FDI inflows in case of Visegrad countries for the period of 2005-2015. Based on correlation and regression analysis, it is concluded that the business environment matters significantly for FDI inflows, however the direction and strength of dependence differs according to analysed factors. On one hand we found that the better global competitiveness of the country the higher volume of inward FDI the country receives. On the other hand, economically more free country, which is more globalized, with better rating does not attract more FDI inflows, but rather the opposite. As expected, corruption of country is discouraging foreign investors from investing in Visegrad countries.
Do gender and personality traits (BFI-10) influence trust? A replication
Authors: Sudzina František
Published: March 2017

Trust as a concept found its way to business literature and it became a widely-used variable. Societal trust is systematically measured since 1960s. Later, it was discovered that two statements, which were used as opposite ends of dichotomous questions, are not truly opposite. The aim of this article is to investigate if gender and personality traits influence rating of these two statement. And if so, if it is possible to account for these factors and to create a robust trust indicator from these two statements after all. Big Five Inventory-10 is used to measure personality traits. Findings are that one measure of trust is significantly influenced by agreeableness, while the other is possibly influenced by neuroticism but the relationship is only borderline significant. With regards to the second goal, it is not possible to create a single trust indicator with reasonable properties even with adding personality traits into the equation. This article is a replication of a previous study. This study uses 1-5 Likert scales while the previous used 1-7 Likert scales, while all the questions/statements stayed the same. The difference is that both measures (not only the first measure) of trust were significantly influenced by agreeableness, while neuroticism had a borderline significant impact on the first, not the second measure of trust.
A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the millipede genus Oxidus Cook, 1911 (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)
Authors: Nguyen Anh D. , Korsós Zoltán , Jang Kuem-Hee , Hwang Ui-Wook
Published: March 2017

The genus Oxidus Cook, 1911 is revised to contain five species, O. avia (Verhoeff, 1937), O. gigas (Attems, 1953), O. gracilis (C.L. Koch, 1847), O. riukiaria (Verhoeff, 1940), and “species inquirenda” O. obtusus (Takakuwa, 1942). A cosmopolitan species, O. gracilis, is widely found in temperate and sub-tropical regions over the world, but other species have limited distribution in restricted regions, e.g., O. gigas in northern Vietnam, O. riukiaria and O. avia in the Ryukyu Islands (Japan). Four species, O. gracilis, O. riukiaria, O. avia and O. gigas, are confirmed as different from each other in gonopod characters, coloration and body size. The status of the last species, O. obtusus, is still doubtful and requires examination of further fresh material. The phylogenetic relationships among species of Oxidus is analyzed using two fragments of the mitochondrial genes COI (Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I) and 16S rRNA. Three species of Oxidus are clearly separated from each other; O. gigas and O. gracilis form a monophyletic sister group with O. riukiaria. The genus Oxidus is also monophyletic and more closely related to the genus Tylopus Jeekel, 1968 than to the genera Sellanucheza Enghoff, Golovatch & Nguyen, 2004 or Kronopolites Attems, 1914. In addition, an identification key to species of Oxidus is provided.
The willingness of conventional farmers to participate in animal welfare programmes: an empirical study in Germany
Authors: Heise H , Theuvsen L
Published: March 2017

In recent years, poor farm animal welfare (FAW) has been a continual focus of public criticism and, in many European countries, large segments of society have repeatedly demanded higher FAW standards. In spite of these demands, there are hardly any products from pure animal welfare programmes (AWPs) on the market. Given this background, farmers are a very important stakeholder group for the successful implementation of such programmes, but little is known about their attitudes towards the introduction of AWPs. For this study, 657 conventional farmers in Germany were questioned about FAW and AWPs via an online survey. Three clusters (farmer groups) were identified with respect to their attitudes towards AWPs and, based on these clusters, various target groups were determined for participation in AWPs. Cluster A (the ‘sceptical animal welfare opponents’) (n = 204) is characterised by strong opposition to AWPs and higher welfare standards in livestock husbandry. Farmers in this cluster will probably not take part in AWPs, especially because they do not consider AWPs profitable. Cluster B (the ‘undecided’) (n = 229) have diverse attitudes towards AWPs. As they do not reject the enhancement of animal welfare standards, these farmers may someday become willing to participate in AWPs. Cluster C, (the ‘marketconscious animal welfare friends’) (n = 224) have the most positive attitudes of the sample towards AWPs. However, even these farmers have diverse attitudes towards the monetary effects of AWP. Overall, they constitute the most important potential target group for AWPs as they indicate the highest willingness to take part in these programmes. The empirical results have important managerial implications and provide a starting point for the design of tailor-made strategies to increase the market penetration of AWPs.
Factors affecting the ability of sheep to rest during time in markets in Great Britain
Authors: Lambton SL , Brouwer A , Knowles TG , Richards G , Statham PTE , Walton J , Weeks CA
Published: March 2017

In Great Britain, more than eleven million animals are transported to or from livestock markets annually. Time spent at markets is considered by Defra (Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) to be ‘neutral time’, ie potentially a rest period. However, sheep in markets are subject to many potential stressors, which may prevent them resting. Lying and ruminating behaviours were analysed from 1,638 behavioural scans of sheep in 279 pens in 23 markets across Great Britain. Likelihood of observing ≥ 1 animals lying down during a scan decreased as stocking density and activity outside the pen increased. Proportion of animals observed lying in a pen (when at least one animal was lying) increased as group size and stocking rate decreased. Likelihood of observing ≥ 1 animals ruminating increased when there was no activity around the pen, and as number of sheep in the pen increased. Proportion of animals observed ruminating in a pen (when at least one animal was ruminating) increased as stocking rate, number of sheep in the pen and activity outside the pen decreased. Proportion of sheep ruminating was greater where there was no activity, compared with where there was activity outside the pen. We suggest that in order to allow higher quality rest periods for sheep in markets, then markets should be organised so that activity around the pen is minimised, eg by filling the market from back to front so that, once penned, sheep are not passed repeatedly. Stocking densities should also be low enough to allow animals to lie if they wish, while groups sizes should not be so low as to increase fear responses.
Fatigue and Mood States in Nursing Home and Nonambulatory Home-Based Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Younus Zilfah , Vaughn Caila B. , Sanai Shaik Ahmed , Kavak Katelyn S. , Gupta Sahil , Nadeem Muhammad , Teter Barbara E. , Noyes Katia , Zivadinov Robert , Edwards Keith , Coyle Patricia K. , Goodman Andrew , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca ,   on behalf of the New York State Multiple Sclerosis Consortium
Published: March 2017

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressively disabling condition of the central nervous system. We sought to evaluate and compare mood states in patients with MS with increased disability residing in nursing homes and those receiving home-based care.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the New York State Multiple Sclerosis Consortium to identify patients with MS using a Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 7.0 or greater. The nursing home group was compared with home-based care patients regarding self-reported levels of loneliness, pessimism, tension, panic, irritation, morbid thoughts, feelings of guilt, and fatigue using independent-samples t tests and χ2 tests. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate risk-adjusted differences in mood states.

Results:

Ninety-four of 924 patients with EDSS scores of at least 7.0 lived in a nursing home (10.2%). Nursing home patients were less likely to use disease-modifying therapy and had higher mean EDSS scores compared with home-based patients. However, nursing home patients were less likely than home-based patients to report fatigue (odds ratio [OR] for no fatigue, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.1–7.2), feeling tense (OR for no tension, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.7), and having feelings of pessimism (OR for no pessimism, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2–2.8).

Conclusions:

The nursing home patients with MS were less likely to report fatigue, pessimism, and tension than those receiving home-based care. Further studies should examine ways of facilitating a greater degree of autonomy and decision-making control in MS patients receiving home-based care.
Psychometric Properties of a Clinical Strength Assessment Protocol in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mañago Mark M. , Hebert Jeffrey R. , Schenkman Margaret
Published: March 2017

Background:

Strength training in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is an important component of rehabilitation, but it can be challenging for clinicians to quantify strength accurately and reliably. This study investigated the psychometric properties of a clinical strength assessment protocol using handheld dynamometry and other objective, quantifiable tests for the lower extremities and trunk in people with MS.

Methods:

This study determined discriminant validity between 25 participants with MS and 25 controls and between participants with MS who had higher versus lower disability; test-retest reliability across 7 to 10 days; and response stability. The protocol included handheld dynamometry measurements of ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion and extension; hip flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction; and trunk lateral flexion. Muscular endurance tests were used to measure trunk extension, trunk flexion, and ankle plantarflexion.

Results:

The protocol discriminated between participants with MS and controls for all muscles tested (P < .001–.003). The protocol also discriminated between low- and moderate-disability groups (P = .001–.046) for 80% of the muscles tested. Test-retest reliability intraclass correlation coefficients were high (0.81–0.97). Minimal detectable change as a percentage of the mean was 13% to 36% for 85% of muscles tested.

Conclusions:

This study provides evidence for the discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, and response stability of a strength assessment protocol in people with MS. This protocol may be useful for tracking outcomes in people with MS for clinical investigations and practice.
Comportamento visual e desenvolvimento motor de recém-nascidos prematuros no primeiro mês de vida
Authors: Ferreira Anna Paula Aca , Albuquerque Raquel Costa , Rabelo Aneide Rocha de Marcos , Farias Flavia Cabral de , Correia Rosana Cavalcanti de Barros , Gagliardo Heloisa Gagheggi Ravanini Gardon , Lima Ana Cláudia Vasconcelos Martins de Souza
Published: March 2017

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o comportamento visual e o desenvolvimento motor de RNPT com um mês de idade corrigida, nascidos na maternidade de um hospital escola. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, seccional no primeiro mês de idade corrigida em uma coorte de recém-nascidos prematuros, utilizando-se como instrumentos de avaliação o Método de Avaliação da Conduta Visual de Lactentes e o Alberta Infant Movement Scale (AIMS). RESULTADOS: Observou-se que os recém-nascidos prematuros apresentaram respostas esperadas para as provas que avaliam o comportamento oculomotor e com frequências inferiores para a prova do sorriso, conforme o método de avaliação utilizado no estudo. Na avaliação motora, 25% apresentaram percentil abaixo de 5; 8,3% com percentil 5; 8,3% com percentil 10; 25% com percentil 25; 8,3% com percentil 50 e 25% com percentil 75. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que mesmo em pequena amostra é possível observar atraso típico no desenvolvimento motor de lactentes prematuros quando se utiliza instrumento de avaliação adequado. Evidenciou-se que a idade gestacional pode ter influenciado o desempenho dos lactentes e que os recém-nascidos prematuros, mesmo com a idade corrigida, ainda estão aquém dos bebês a termo no que se refere às aquisições do desenvolvimento motor, indicando a necessidade de alerta ao desenvolvimento no percentil 10 ou abaixo, mesmo apresentando desempenho satisfatório no comportamento visual. A correção da idade foi um importante fator que norteou a compreensão das aquisições visuais e motoras de lactentes prematuros.