bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations between Maternal Autonomy and High-Risk Pregnancy in Bangladesh: the Mediating Influences of Childbearing Practices and Antenatal Care Uptake
Authors: Abedin Sumaiya , Arunachalam Dharma
Published: October 2019

Background A high level of maternal, infant and neonatal mortality occurs in Bangladesh. Certain childbearing practices as well as low use of antenatal care services make Bangladeshi women more vulnerable to experience poor health during pregnancy which contributes adverse birth outcomes. Also, women in Bangladesh remain considerably subordinate to men in almost all aspects of their lives, from education and work opportunities to healthcare utilisation. This lack of opportunities contributes to the low status of women within their family and society, and generally poor health outcomes for both mother and children. This study thus aims to investigate the factors associated with severity of health complications during pregnancy in relation to the low status of women, and the relative role of childbearing practices and antenatal care uptake to influence this relationship. Methods The relevant data from the last Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) is used in this study. Multinomial logistic regression models (MLRM) of categorical response variables are applied as statistical tools to analyse the relevant data for the outcome variable: high-risk pregnancy. Results In Bangladesh, about 38.7% of women experienced high-risk pregnancies with multiple health complications. Findings of the study firstly found women’s decision-making autonomy and freedom of movement significantly associated with high-risk pregnancies. However, the results further reveal that maternal childbearing practices and antenatal care uptake had strong significant effects on high-risk pregnancies. Maternal age, particularly early childbearing of women had about 52% increased risk, and use of antenatal care had about 0.58 times less risk in having high-risk pregnancies. Conclusion Although the maternal decision-making autonomy and freedom of movement had significant effects on high-risk pregnancies, however, their relationships were strongly mediated by both maternal childbearing practices and uses of antenatal care.
A Case of Bilateral Acute Depigmentation of the Iris in One of Two Identical Twins
Authors: Langevin Spencer , Gershkovich Alexandra , Marr Brian P
Published: October 2019

Background: Bilateral Acute Depigmentation of the Iris (BADI) is a condition which was first described in a case series from Turkey by Tugal-Tutkin and Urgancioglu in 2006.1 The condition is characterized by bilateral acute depigmentation and discoloration of the iris stroma, pigment dispersion, and deposition of pigment in the angle. In our case we report a patient who developed BADI after receiving pitcher plant extract injections for chronic migraine, while her identical twin sister has normal iris architecture and pigmentation and never received any pitcher plant injections.
Case Presentation: Patient is a 41-year-old female with history of pitcher plant extract injections to her face for chronic migraine, who later developed bilateral depigmentation of the iris. She did not have any signs of anterior segment uveitis or iridocyclitis. She has an identical twin sister who maintained normal iris pigmentation during the entire course.
Discussions and Conclusion: Bilateral Acute depigmentation of the is a recently discovered condition described in the literature in Turkish patients1,2. This condition affects mainly young females and is characterized by acute bilateral stromal depigmentation, without other pathologic ocular findings. These patients usually maintain normal vision and do not develop significant glaucoma from pigment collecting in the anterior chamber angle. This condition can be mistaken for Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis, pigment dispersion syndrome, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, and viral iridocyclitis. This is the first reported case in North America and is important for differentiation from the above pathologies. Our patient had a history of pitcher plant extract injections to the face but it is unclear if this is associated with our patient’s development of BADI. As awareness of this condition progresses, a possible etiology may be elucidated.
Early Adolescent Skills for Emotions (EASE) intervention for the treatment of psychological distress in adolescents: Study protocol for randomised controlled trials in Lebanon and Jordan
Authors: Brown Felicity Louise , Steen Frederik , Taha Karine , Aoun May , Bryant Richard A. , Jo Mark J.D. , Malik Aiysha , Ommeren Mark van , Abualhaija Adnan , Aqel Ibrahim Said , Ghatasheh Maha , Habashneh Rand , Sijbrandij Marit , Chammay Rabih El , Watts Sarah , Akhtar Aemal
Published: October 2019

Background There are significant barriers to accessible, quality mental health care for young adolescents affected by adversity. In an attempt to overcome this, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the Early Adolescent Skills for Emotions (EASE) psychological intervention for young adolescents with internalizing problems. EASE is group-based (seven sessions for adolescents, three sessions for their caregivers) and can be delivered by non-specialist providers. This paper outlines the study protocols for two trials of EASE in the Middle-East - one in Lebanon and one in Jordan. Methods We will conduct two, single-blind, two-arm, individually randomised group treatment trials in Lebanon and Jordan, with at least 445 young adolescents per trial. Adolescents will be screened eligible for the trial if they demonstrate levels of psychological distress indicative of internalizing problems requiring treatment. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive the EASE intervention, or enhanced usual care (one home-visit psychoeducation session). The primary outcome is reduction in overall child-reported psychological distress over time, with 3 months post-treatment as the primary end-point. Secondary child-reported outcomes include post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression symptoms, daily functioning, and wellbeing. Secondary caregiver-reported outcomes include parenting style, overall child distress, and caregiver psychological distress. Coping strategy use will be explored as a mediator of treatment effects, and relevant moderators of treatment effects will be explored. Discussion These trials will provide the first assessments of the effectiveness of the EASE intervention for use in the middle-east, with important implications for the use of low intensity, non-specialist interventions for this age range.
Impact of brief prewarming on anesthesia-related core-temperature drop, hemodynamics, microperfusion and postoperative ventilation in cytoreductive surgery of ovarian cancer a randomized trial
Authors: Kaufner Lutz , Niggemann Phil , Baum Tobias , Casu Sara , Sehouli Jalid , Bietenbeck Andreas , Boschmann Michael , Spies Claudia , Henkelmann Anne , von Heymann Christian
Published: October 2019

Background: General (GA)- and epidural-anesthesia may cause a drop in body-core-temperature (BCTdrop), and hypothermia, which may alter tissue oxygenation (StO2) and microperfusion after cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer. Cell metabolism of subcutaneous fat- or skeletal muscle cells, measured in microdialysis, may be affected. We hypothesized that forced-air prewarming during epidural catheter placement and induction of GA maintains normothermia and improves microperfusion.
Methods: After ethics approval 47 women scheduled for cytoreductive surgery were prospectively enrolled. Women in the study group were treated with a prewarming of 43°C during epidural catheter placement. BCT (Spot on®, 3M) was measured before (T1), after induction of GA (T2) at 15 min (T3) after start of surgery, and until 2h after ICU admission (TICU2h). Primary endpoint was BCTdrop between T1 and T2. Microperfusion-, hemodynamic- and clinical outcomes were defined as secondary outcomes. Statistical analysis used the Mann-Whitney-U- and non-parametric-longitudinal tests.
Results: BCTdrop was 0.35 °C with prewarming and 0.9 °C without prewarming (p< 0.005) and BCT remained higher over the observation period (ΔT4 = 0.9 °C up to ΔT7 = 0.95 °C, p<0.001). No significant differences in hemodynamic parameters, transfusion, arterial lactate and dCO2 were measured. In microdialysis the ethanol ratio was temporarily, but not significantly, reduced after prewarming. Lactate, glucose and glycerol after PW tended to be more constant over the entire period. Postoperatively, six women without prewarming, but none after prewarming were mechanical ventilated (p< 0.001).
Conclusion: Prewarming at 43°C reduces the BCTdrop and maintains normothermia without impeding the perioperative routine patient flow. Microdialysis indicate better preserved parameters of microperfusion.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; ID: NCT02364219; Date of registration: 18-febr-2015
The draft genome of horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus reveals its evolutionary scenario and well-developed innate immunity
Authors: Zhou Yan , Liang Yuan , Yan Qing , Zhang Liang , Chen Dianbao , Ruan Lingwei , Kong Yuan , Shi Hong , Chen Mingliang , Chen Jianming
Published: October 2019

Background: Horseshoe crabs are ancient marine arthropods with a long evolutionary history extending back approximately 450 million years that rely entirely on their innate immune system and have developed multiple defence systems. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying their abilities of distinguishing and defending against invading microbes are still unclear.
Results: Here, we describe the 2.06 Gbp genome assembly of T. tridentatus with 24,222 predicted protein-coding genes. Comparative genomics shows that T. tridentatus and the Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus have the most orthologues shared among two species, including genes involved in the immune-related Jak/STAT signalling pathway. Divergence time dating results show that the last common ancestor of Asian horseshoe crabs (including T. tridentatus) and L. polyphemus appeared approximately 130 Mya (121-141), and the split of the two Asian horseshoe crabs was dated to approximately 63 Mya (57-69). Hox gene analysis suggests two clusters in both horseshoe crab assemblies. Surprisingly, selective analysis of immune-related gene families revealed the high expansion of conserved pattern recognition receptors. Genes involved in the IMD and Jak/STAT signal transduction pathways also exhibited a certain degree of expansion in both genomes. Intact coagulation cascade-related genes were present in the T. tridentatus genome with a higher number of coagulation factor genes. Moreover, most reported antibacterial peptides have been identified in T. tridentatus with their potentially effective antimicrobial sites.
Conclusions: The draft genome of T. tridentatus could have prospects to eliminate the uncertainty in the evolutionary relationship of Chelicerata. The expansion of conserved immune signalling pathway genes, coagulation factors and intact antimicrobial peptides in T. tridentatus constitutes its robust and effective innate immunity for self-defence in marine environments with an enormous number of invading pathogens and may affect the quality of the adaptive properties with regard to complicated marine environments.
A case report of disseminated nocardiosis with ocular involvement in a myasthenia gravis patient and literature review
Authors: wang shuhui , Jiang Bin , Li Yao , Shang Yanchang , Liu Zhengshan , Zhang Yongbo
Published: October 2019

Background
Nocardiosis is a rare and life-threatening opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Myasthenia gravis (MG) patients are potentially at risk of nocardia infection because of the use of immunosuppressive agents. To date, only 7 patients with MG have been reported to have nocardiosis. Disseminated nocardiosis with ocular involvement has not been reported in MG patients.
Case presentation
A 66-year-old man with MG who was receiving treatment with methylprednisolone and azathioprine was found to have a respiratory infection. He also had heterogeneous symptoms with skin, brain and ocular manifestations. Nocardia bacteria verified by the culture of puncture fluid, and a diagnosis of disseminated nocardiosis was made. Except for left eye blindness, the patient completely recovered from the disease with combination antibiotic therapy. To further understand nocardiosis in patients with MG, we reviewed the previous relevant literature. According to the literature, this is the first report of disseminated nocardiosis with ocular involvement in an MG patient.
Conclusions
MG patients with immunosuppressant treatments are potentially at risk of a rare nocardia infection, and a favourable prognosis can be achieved through early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy.
The necessity of Ⅱb dissection in T1–T2N0M0 oral squamous cell carcinoma: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Liang , Song Xuefei , Cui Chang , Ma Chunyue , Guo Bing , Qin Xingjun
Published: October 2019

Background: There is growing discussion of the relationship between health¬–related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient survival, which has been going on for the last few decades. Clinicians´ greatest wish is to extend the latter while improving the former. After neck dissection of early–stage oral carcinoma, “shoulder syndrome” appears due to traction of the accessory nerve during removal of level Ⅱb, which greatly affects patient quality of life. Since occult metastasis in level Ⅱb of early–stage oral carcinoma is extremely low, some surgeons suggest that level Ⅱb can be exempt from dissection to improve HRQoL. However, other surgeons take the opposite view, and thus there is no consensus on the necessity of Ⅱb dissection in T1–2N0M0 oral squamous¬ cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: We designed a parallel–group, randomized, non–inferiority trial that is supported by Shanghai Ninth People´s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. We will enroll 522 patients of early oral carcinoma who match the inclusion criteria, and compare differences in 3–year overall survival, progression–free survival (PFS) and in HRQoL under different interventions (retention or dissection of level Ⅱb) between two groups. The primary end points will be tested by means of two-sided log-rank tests. Analysis of overall and progression–free survival will be performed in subgroups that were defined according to stratification factors with the use of univariate Cox analysis. In addition, we will use post hoc subgroup analyses on the basis of histological factors that were known to have effects on survival, such as death of invasion of the primary tumor. To evaluate HRQoL, we will choose the Constant–Murley scale to measure shoulder function. Discussion: Currently, there are no RCTs with large sample sizes on the necessity of IIb dissection in T1–T2N0M0 OSCC. We designed this reasonable non–inferiority RCT that combines survival rate and HRQoL to assess the feasibility of IIb neck dissection. The result of this trial may guide clinical practice and change the criteria of how early–stage oral cancer is managed. The balance between survival and HRQoL in this trial is based on early-stage breast cancer treatment and may provide new ideas for other malignancies.
THE ESSENCE AND MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIONAL-PATRIOTIC UPBRINGING: THEORETICAL ASPECT
Authors: Fedorenko Elena
Published: October 2019

The article contains the results of a study of the nature and main characteristics of the national-patriotic upbringing. The study was conducted by studying and analyzing the latest regulations and publications, related issues and identifying the nature of the main characteristics of the national-patriotic upbringing. The author of the article presents the results of scientific analysis, conclusions about the need to develop formation technologies of national-patriotic education of students at schools. National-patriotic upbringing is a complex of personality traits and actual result, achieved by an individual or collective in the process of national-patriotic upbringing, manifested in the ability and willingness to be realized as an individual and collective in the service to the Motherland: learning the experience of cognitive activity by a student involves the formation of patriotic knowledge and ideas; mastering the experience of emotional and value relationships by a student means the formation of patriotic feelings, values, beliefs; mastering the student's practical experience is manifested in the implementation of patriotic knowledge and ideas, values and beliefs in patriotic behavior and activities. The essence of national-patriotic upbringing, in our opinion, is the students' learning of the experience of cognitive activity, emotional-value relationships and effective practical experience, which are manifested in the ability and willingness to be realized as an individual and collective in the activity for the benefit of the Motherland. The article can be recommended for publication in a specialized journal.
Corporate dynamism and cash holding decision in listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria
Authors: Ozordi Emmanuel , Titilayo Adetula Dorcas , Felix Eluyela Damilola , Aina Adenike , Arinola Ogabi Mautin
Published: October 2019

Cash holding decision is a very crucial decision that strongly affects the performance of an organization. Corporate dynamism as a corporate governance tool was explored in this study in order to establish its relationship with cash holding decision in listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Board skill, female leadership, foreign directors, board ownership and directors’ compensation were used as proxies for corporate dynamism. A panel regression model was adopted in this study to examine the implication of corporate dynamism on cash holding decisions spanning six years from 2012 to 2017. Random sampling technique was employed in order to arrive at thirty firms out of thirty-seven listed manufacturing firms, which comprised industrial and consumer goods sector. Board ownership and the existence of foreign expatriates were found to have a significant effect on cash holding decisions. It is concluded that directors with significant holdings tend to be more aggressive towards activities that enhance the performance of a firm, one of which is ensuring that optimal level of cash is held at a particular point in time in order to guide against liquidity problems, which may be caused by overtrading or even keeping excess idle cash, which is supposed to be invested in profitable ventures. Also, the fact that the existence of foreign expatriates will affect cash holding decisions, which may be justified by the fact foreign expatriates are displaying expertise because of diverse experience that they have been able to gain from different parts of the world.
Variedades de estados mentais e a teoria do Autoconhecimento de crenças
Authors: Barcelos Robson da Rosa
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo versa sobre autoconhecimento de crenças. Há vários estados mentais com suas próprias particularidades. Desejos, julgamentos, sensações, emoções e crenças. O foco do artigo é sobre o conhecimento das próprias crenças. O autoconhecimento possui características, a saber, autoridade de primeira pessoa, caráter apriorístico, capacidade cognitivo-discriminativa, infalibilidade, onisciência, assimetria entre a primeira e terceira pessoa e impossibilidade do uso equivocado do pronome “eu” (SILVA FILHO, 2013, p. 33, n. 2). No âmbito cotidiano do senso comum, não há dúvidas acerca da autoatribuição de crenças, porém nem sempre se utiliza corretamente os conceitos, ou seja, há o entendimento incompleto sobre as próprias crenças. Contudo, será que atribuir racionalidade ao agente requer o conhecimento das próprias crenças? Conforme Coliva (2016), há crenças disposicionais e como compromisso. Com relação ao primeiro tipo de crença, o agente não possui responsabilidade epistêmica, já com a segunda sim. Portanto, autoconhecimento de crenças doxásticas enquanto compromisso, requer racionalidade do agente epistêmico, pois há a responsabilidade epistêmica do agente racional.
Sobre o discurso político da (in)visibilidade da disciplina Filosofia na Educação Básica
Authors: Alves Daniel Cardoso
Published: October 2019

A educação brasileira, em todos os seus níveis, segundo a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, tem como finalidade o desenvolvimento racional do intelecto, a formação de valores, o pensamento crítico, autônomo e reflexivo, cumprindo à Filosofia essa função. No entanto, o cenário político atual tem sido marcado por discursos de pormenorização das ciências humanas e pela supervalorização das áreas de ciências exatas, ciências naturais e linguagens. Diante desse embate, este artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar, nos discursos oficiais direcionados à (in)visibilidade da Filosofia, a potencialidade dessa disciplina, enquanto provocadora do exercício do pensamento e, portanto, essencial para a (re)construção de uma sociedade justa, nobre, livre e ética. Com uma abordagem qualitativa, dialogamos com filósofos e teóricos da educação, que possibilitaram desvelar as principais questões que permeiam o contexto político educacional vivenciado pela Filosofia no Brasil atual.
İşletmelerde Geçici Yönetim ve Önemi
Authors: Ertaş Güler
Published: October 2019

Günümüzde
değişime bağlı olarak örgüt ve işletmelerde; yönetim biçimleri, iş süreçleri ve
insan kaynağı alanında farklı uygulamalar göze çarpmaktadır. Bu uygulamalar örgüt
ve işletmelerin değişen koşullara ayak uydurabilmesinde ve faaliyetlerini
sürdürebilmesinde düzenleyici rol oynamaktadır. Bu anlayışla geliştirilen esnek
istihdam sistemleri de mavi ve beyaz yakalıların çalışma şeklini düzenleyen uygulamalardır.
Genellikle örgüt ve işletmelerin karşılaştığı kriz dönemlerinde, sorunların
çözümünde ve yeniden yapılanmada tecrübe sahibi kişiler istihdam edilerek bu
sürecin etkin bir şekilde yönetilmesi üst yönetimlerce amaçlanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla,
bu çalışmada, esnek istihdam uygulamalarından biri olan ‘Geçici Yönetim’in
kavramsal açıklaması yapılmış, özellikleri ile örgüt işletmelerinin bu istihdam
şeklini tercih etme nedenleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu kapsamda işletmelerin geçici
yöneticilerden beklediği görevler ve geçici yönetim uygulamasının işletmelere
sağladığı maliyet avantajlarından bahsedilmiştir.
Patients’ Willingness to Share Information in Online Patient Communities: Questionnaire Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhu Panpan , Shen Jiang , Xu Man
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Online patient communities provide new channels for users to access and share medical information. In-depth study of users’ willingness to share information in online patient communities is of great significance for improving the level of information sharing among the patient community and the long-term development of communities.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to build a model of factors affecting patients’ willingness to share medical information from the perspective of both positive and negative utilities. Specifically, we aimed to determine the influence of online information support and privacy concerns, as well as the moderating effect of disease severity and information sensitivity of different patients on their willingness to share.

METHODS

Data from 490 users with experience in online patient communities were collected through a questionnaire survey, and structural equations were applied to empirically verify the model hypotheses.

RESULTS

Privacy concerns negatively affected the patients’ willingness to share information (P<.001), whereas online information support positively affected patients’ willingness to share information (P<.001), and information sensitivity negatively moderated the impact of online information support on sharing willingness (P=.01). Disease severity positively moderated the impact of privacy concerns on sharing willingness (P=.05). However, the hypotheses that information sensitivity is a negative moderator and disease severity is a positive moderator of the impact of privacy concerns on sharing willingness could not be supported.

CONCLUSIONS

To improve the level of user information sharing, the online patient community should design a safe user registration process, ensure the confidentiality of information, reduce the privacy concerns of users, and accurately identify the information needs of patients to provide personalized support services.
A Contact-Free, Ballistocardiography-Based Monitoring System (Emfit QS) for Measuring Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability: Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Vesterinen Ville , Rinkinen Niina , Nummela Ari
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) measurements are widely used to monitor stress and recovery status in sedentary people and athletes. However, effective HRV monitoring should occur on a daily basis because sparse measurements do not allow for a complete view of the stress-recovery balance. Morning electrocardiography (ECG) measurements with HR straps are time-consuming and arduous to perform every day, and thus compliance with regular measurements is poor. Contact-free, ballistocardiography (BCG)-based Emfit QS is effortless for daily monitoring. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the accuracy of nocturnal HR and HRV measured via BCG under real-life conditions.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Emfit QS in measuring nocturnal HR and HRV.

METHODS

Healthy participants (n=20) completed nocturnal HR and HRV recordings at home using Emfit QS and an ECG-based reference device (Firstbeat BG2) during sleep. Emfit QS measures BCG by a ferroelectret sensor installed under a bed mattress. HR and the root mean square of successive differences between RR intervals (RMSSD) were determined for 3-minute epochs and the sleep period mean.

RESULTS

A trivial mean bias was observed in the mean HR (mean –0.8 bpm [beats per minute], SD 2.3 bpm, P=.15) and Ln (natural logarithm) RMSSD (mean –0.05 ms, SD 0.25 ms, P=.33) between Emfit QS and ECG. In addition, very large correlations were found in the mean values of HR (r=0.90, P<.001) and Ln RMSSD (r=0.89, P<.001) between the devices. A greater amount of erroneous or missing data (P<.001) was observed in the Emfit QS measurements (28.3%, SD 14.4%) compared with the reference device (1.1%, SD 2.3%). The results showed that 5.0% of the mean HR and Ln RMSSD values were outside the limits of agreement.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the present results, Emfit QS provides nocturnal HR and HRV data with an acceptable, small mean bias when calculating the mean of the sleep period. Thus, Emfit QS has the potential to be used for the long-term monitoring of nocturnal HR and HRV. However, further research is needed to assess reliability in HR and HRV detection.
Usability and Acceptability of a Mobile App to Help Emerging Adults Address their Friends' Substance Use (Harbor): Quantitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bennett Kyle Michael , Clary Kelly Lynn , Smith Douglas Cary , Lee Carol Ann
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Technology-assisted intervention and prevention strategies present opportunities for substance use–related research with emerging adults (EAs) and their peers. Emerging adulthood is a developmentally distinct period in which individuals between the ages of 18 and 29 years undergo unique emotional, cultural, developmental, and biological changes as they transition into adulthood. Crowdsourcing, or gathering feedback from a large group within web-based communities, offers researchers a unique and cost-effective way to obtain large amounts of information in a short period.

OBJECTIVE

This paper presents market feedback obtained via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk from EAs (N=458) on the acceptability and utility of brief intervention scripts for a smartphone app currently under development. The mobile app, Harbor, teaches friends of EAs with substance use problems effective and supportive strategies for helping their friend make changes in their substance use behavior.

METHODS

We examined feedback on the wording of the intervention scripts and estimated the market size of EAs who may use this app. Furthermore, we calculated correlations between script ratings and measures of personal risky drinking (ie, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) and the participants’ use of confrontational, enabling, or supportive behaviors with an existing friend.

RESULTS

Approximately half of our sample (208/458, 45.4%) indicated that they had a close friend for whom they had concerns about their substance use, suggesting a potentially high demand for an app such as Harbor. Initial findings suggest that peers who engage in less enabling behaviors with friends who have a substance use problem exhibited lower risky drinking behaviors overall (r206=−0.501; P<.001). Concerning acceptability, 98.0% (449/458) of the sample rated the scripts’ dialogue as either somewhat, moderately, or extremely realistic (mean 3.92, SD 0.48) on 5-point Likert scale items. Finally, 95.4% (437/454) of respondents indicated that the scripts would be at least slightly helpful for training peers to help their friends with substance use issues. Finally, individuals who were better able to identify enabling language in enabling scripts self-reported fewer enabling behaviors toward their friend’s substance use (r206=−0.236; P=.001).

CONCLUSIONS

There exists a demonstrated level of desirability and acceptability among EAs for a mobile app such as Harbor. EAs who wish to engage in more supportive behaviors with their friends who engage in substance use and who are amenable to assisting their friends with sobriety likely would use and benefit from this app.
Commonality between Red Boat Spirit and Zhejiang Spirit
Authors: Chenxi Qiu
Published: October 2019

The Red Boat spirit is the concentrated embodiment of the party building spirit of the Chinese Communist Party, and the Zhejiang spirit is the common value understanding and spiritual pursuit of the Zhejiang people. The forming processes of the Red Boat spirit and Zhejiang spirit have shown the profound historical and cultural origins, have relatively obvious connotative commonalities, and are also given a new meaning and value in the present era. This paper will combine the historical backgrounds of the Red Boat spirit and Zhejiang spirit, analyze their theoretical connotations and explain their value of times, so as to illustrate the commonalities of the two spirits and hope that it will help to carry out a more in-depth and systematic study of the spirit of the Red Boat and the spirit of Zhejiang.
“Observers of the East”: Russian Travelers about Visiting Syria, Egypt and Palestine in the First Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Петрунина Ольга , Petrunina Ol'ga
Published: October 2019

The paper focuses on the findings obtained in the course of the trips to the Middle East by people from various social layers of Russia. Whether the core purpose of the trip was pilgri­mage, business or science — they all engaged in an in-depth and diverse study of the visited areas: history, geography, demography, etc. The trips were often initiated and assisted by the Russian diplomatic mission, which needed urgent up-to-date information about the region in the conditions of the underdeveloped consulate network.
History of Russian Taxation in the 16th — 18th Centuries in the Context of “Taxes and Wars”
Authors: Дмитриева Зоя , Dmitrieva Zoya , Козлов Сергей , Kozlov Sergey
Published: October 2019

The research studies and identifies the influence of geopolitical factors on the changes in tax forms and fiscal priorities of Russia, the evolution of tax types and taxable items, and the role of the community in the system formation. It shows the changes in the severity of the tax burden during the Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, army replacements with adequate conscripts from peasants, the participation of monastery servants in military missions, tax and financial aspects of the Russo-Turkish wars and the annexation of the Crimean Khanate to the Russian Empire (1783). The authors identify the general and special features of the taxation system, itemized payments and duties, the share of military spending in the national budget of Russia and European countries. The paper explores the taxation system of Russia through the lens of the military-fiscal state concept of the early modern period.
Modern Congresses as Scientific Communication: Domestic and Foreign Experience
Authors: Гаман-Голутвина Оксана , Gaman-Golutvina Oksana , Никитин Александр , Nikitin Aleksandr , Чугров Сергей , Chugrov Sergey
Published: October 2019

Communication via large-scale international and national scientific forums is one of the effective technologies in the academic area. The paper explores the practices and outcomes of the largest domestic and foreign congresses held in 2018, such as the 24th World Congress of Philosophy held in Beijing, China, in August, the 25th World Congress of Political Science (Brisbane, Australia, July) and the 8th All-Russian Congress of Political Scientists (Moscow, Russia, December). The authors analyse the content of these events discussing the functions and role of academic congresses in the development of social-humanistic sciences. They strive to avoid bias in evalua­ti­ng the organization of congresses, assess the content and quality of Russian congresses against the backdrop of growing international political scientist community. The paper explores the similarities and differences between the global and Russian national congresses. The researchers conclude that the latter have reached a level largely comparable to the global level of world congres­ses by their content and functions over the past two decades. The obtained insights provide the basis for judgment on the desirability of expanding the agenda in the domestic political science by including issues of a post-digital cultural dialogue and deep transformation of the global order.
IMAGE OF AN IDEAL RUSSIA IN THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF STUDENT YOUTH
Authors: Budko Diana A , Lukyanova Galina V
Published: October 2019

The perception of the image of the state by its citizens is believed to be one of the most promising areas for the study of political consciousness. When the object of the research is youth, the obtained data allow us to identify their main expectations from the further development of the country's political system. Basing on the results of six focus groups among students at St. Petersburg State University, in this paper we attempt to describe the image of ideal Russia in the minds of students. We have obtained results demonstrating that 1) the images of the country, the authorities, and the political leader are a kind of projection of the political processes and phenomena that are currently occurring in the world; 2) youth is characterized by categorical and inconsistent in their own views and evaluations; 3) along with patriotism, students feel a sense of responsibility for their future and the future of Russia.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF POLITICAL PROCESSES IN THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA
Authors: Iskakov Irlan Zh
Published: October 2019

Studies of political systems and political processes in the post-Soviet states of the Central Asian region are based, as a rule, on institutional and neo-institutional concepts. Attempts to mechanically apply certain ready-made western description schemes and even the corresponding conceptual apparatus to the Central Asian material rarely lead to convincing results. Many important factors affecting the political development of the region remain beyond research. By the beginning of the 2010s institutionalization and pluralization of the political space outside state control also included the development of the necessary legislative framework. Such a framework implies the consolidation of the legal basis for the creation and effective functioning of public associations and organizations, and the formation of legitimate and viable representation institutions. Russian authors are much more familiar with the material of the political reality of the CAR, therefore they give more balanced and accurate assessments. The disadvantage of Russian studies is the fact that, methodologically, they follow the approaches developed by Western political science. This encourages one to concentrate on some aspects of the political development of the Central Asian states and to underestimate or even completely ignore other, no less, and sometimes much more significant ones. In recent years, this deficiency is gradually being replenished. The findings of the researchers are becoming more objective, which helps to overcome erroneous political decisions and strengthen interstate cooperation. Over time, such studies will have the results of the development of new systematic and well-reflected approaches, adequate to the subject of political science studies.
Novas construções de sentido em duas metáforas fotográficas
Authors: Bracchi Daniela
Published: October 2019

Buscamos compreender neste artigo os efeitos de sentido construídos em duas metáforas visuais presentes em dois foto livros do artista Miguel Rio Branco. A primeira obra se apresenta como uma associação de duas imagens (um díptico), enquanto a segunda obra a ser analisada é uma imagem única. O referencial teórico utilizado busca auxiliar a investigação dessas duas obras enquanto metáforas visuais e é composto pelos estudos semióticos, a pesquisa sobre retórica visual do Groupe µ (1994) e pelas considerações do filósofo da arte Richard Wollheim (2002) sobre a metáfora pictórica. Desse modo, percorremos um caminho no qual as duas obras analisadas indicam dois modos diversos de produção de metáforas visuais e exploramos os efeitos de sentido construídos em cada uma delas.
Software para el diagnóstico de Stock acumulado de Capital Social en el contexto empresarial. Una alternativa al desarrollo empresarial
Authors: García Monsalve Luz Stella , Cabrera Jiménez Manuel Fernando
Published: October 2019

La participación en redes, es una alternativa para generar mayor competitividad en el contexto empresarial, es así que el desarrollo de capital social basado en el reconocimiento de  valores sociales se convierte en un insumo necesario para fomentar la cohesión al interior de las organizaciones. El capital socialcomo un bien inmaterial de una comunidad o conglomerado, se basa en el reconocimiento de la estructura  social, la cual a partir de la asociatividad produce beneficios públicos y privados. El estructuralismo como fundamento epistemológico del capital social permite identificar desde la sociología los elementos que legitimiza a las redes para existir; sin embargo, no se puede afirmar que el capital social se limita a las redes únicamente, ya que involucra una dimensión cognitiva intangible de valores sociales tales como la confianza y la reciprocidad. Para el caso de este proyecto se está trabajando en la creación de una herramienta que permita plantear estrategias de fortalecimiento del capital social al interior de las organizaciones a partir del reconocimiento de las dimensiones cognitiva y estructural, con el propósito de generar interacción con otras organizaciones y así mismo fortalecer la asociatividad.  En este sentido, se propone un software que permita medir la capacidad de generación de capital social al interior de cada organización. El desarrollo del software se realizará y finalmente se implementará en medianas empresas, se tomará como base una metodología que se basa en el proceso del ciclo de vida de un sistema de información.
Green infrastructure evaluation model: Case study of Belgrade
Authors: Cvetkovic Marija , Simic Ivan , Mihajlov Vladimir
Published: October 2019

In this article, we consider possibilities to apply green infrastructure as
an urban planning approach that provides polyvalent space for ecosystem
services and human well-being and evaluates their impact on the city
(re)generative space of biophilia. Two residential areas in Belgrade (block
45 in New Belgrade and Savamala neighborhood in the old city center) will be
used as the focus of the research presented in this article. Even though
they are characterized by different ecological, urban, morphological and
social characteristics, they share direct contact with Sava River.
Therefore, the adaptive potential of these spatial segments will be the
subject of the analysis presented in this article, and the emphasis will be
on applying and evaluating design within the integrated network of green
infrastructure, and the study will determine what impact it has to planning
and implementation of elements of green infrastructure.
Criteria and aspects of quality of open spaces in high-rise housing neighbourhoods in the process of urban revitalization
Authors: Bogdanovic-Protic Ivana , Mitkovic Petar , Ljubenovic Milica
Published: October 2019

The correlation between the quality of open spaces and quality of life in
high-rise housing neighborhoods in contemporary urban-architectural and
social frameworks has been confirmed by a series of multidisciplinary
researches. Modern research indicates that in the process of revitalization,
it is necessary to look at various aspects of the quality of open spaces in
order to provide a more efficient degree of improvement. Creating adequate
spatial conditions for the different types of activities of the daily spare
time of tenants and the exercise of physical activity in the direction of
improving psycho-physical health, achieving spatial-ambient values, as well
as for encouraging good neighborly relations, communion, territoriality and
sense of belonging, which are all determinants of the quality of life, can
be managed by providing a certain level of quality open spaces. Bearing in
mind that there are no unique criteria for the quality of open spaces in
high - rise residential neighborhoods, the aim of this paper is to indicate
the desirable characteristics of these spaces in accordance with the
contemporary principles of urban design and practice in the process of their
revitalization. Therefore, residential neighborhood Poptahof has been
selected as a research platform that represents the good practice example of
the revitalization of open spaces in line with identified criteria and
quality aspects. These criteria can serve as a basis for further research of
the modes of urban revitalization of open spaces, with the aim of improving
the quality of life.
HPTLC-direct bioautography-guided isolation of isogeranic acid as the main antibacterial constituent of Artemisia santonicum essential oil
Authors: Stankovic Jovana , Novakovic Miroslav , Tesevic Vele , Ciric Ana , Sokovic Marina , Zdunic Gordana , Dajic-Stevanovic Zora , Godjevac Dejan
Published: October 2019

This study was performed to determine the main antibacterial compounds of the essential oil (??) of saltmarsh plant Artemisia santonicum (Asteraceae). The combination of HPTLC and direct bioautography was used for the activity guided isolation of isogeranic acid as the main antibacterial constituent with remarkable antimicrobial activity, although it was the minor component of the EO, present only in 0.2 %, as calculated from GC/FID. Its structure was determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR and GC?MS techniques. Antibacterial activity of isogeranic acid against all tested bacteria was significantly higher than EO and even than both controls streptomycin and ampicillin. In further investigation of antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activity EO exhibited the best inhibition of the biofilm formation at 1/8 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and isogeranic acid at 1/2 MIC. Both EO and isogeranic acid possessed pyocyanin inhibitory activity showing the reduction of pigment at 60.6 and 62.8 %, respectively, at 1/2 MIC concentrations.
On the Relation between Insider Trading and Going Concern Opinions
Authors: Hallman Nicholas , Imdieke Andrew J. , Kim Kyonghee , Pereira Raynolde
Published: October 2019

Recent research suggests that insiders of distressed firms, fearing legal jeopardy, pressure auditors not to issue going concern opinions (GCOs) for periods in which they undertake abnormally large sales of their shares. We propose and evaluate an alternative explanation that managers anticipate GCOs and time their trades to avoid insider sales in the GCO year (hereafter, the timing hypothesis). Consistent with the timing hypothesis, we find that insider sales increase two to four years prior to the issuance of a GCO and then decline in the year of GCO. Additional analysis suggests that insiders' anticipatory trading is enabled, at least in part, by early communication between auditors and their most important clients regarding the likelihood of a GCO. These early communications appear to reduce the likelihood of dismissal when auditors do eventually issue a GCO.
Significados de Internet para el ejercicio profesional: una aproximación desde el diseño gráfico
Authors: González Bello Edgar Oswaldo , Morales Holguín Arodi
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer las percepciones de estudiantes y egresados de la licenciatura en Diseño Gráfico de la Universidad de Sonora acerca de la vinculación entre la Internet y su profesión. Para ello, se aplicó una entrevista, la cual estuvo constituida por ocho preguntas relacionadas con las siguientes dimensiones: influencia y posibilidades de la Internet, así como dependencia de la Internet en el ejercicio del diseño gráfico. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados en el programa Atlas ti., por medio de la técnica de saturación. De forma general, se puede concluir que los estudiantes de la referida licenciatura sobrestiman el valor de la Web para desarrollar sus procesos creativos, mientras que los egresados asumen una posición más crítica con respecto al uso de dicho recurso, pues no lo consideran como una pieza clave para la creatividad o para lograr la calidad de un diseño. Aun así, ambos grupos de entrevistados coindicen en señalar que el diseño gráfico ha conseguido grandes avances gracias a la Internet; prueba de esto ha sido el surgimiento de nuevos canales de comunicación, plataformas y dispositivos digitales desde los cuales es posible intercambiar ideas con usuarios de cualquier latitud. Por tal motivo, se recomienda al profesor de esta carrera mantenerse actualizado no solo en cuanto a sus conocimientos teóricos, sino también en lo referente a sus estrategias de enseñanza, las cuales se deben sustentar, ineludiblemente, en tecnologías vanguardistas que estimulen la creatividad. En esta tarea, lógicamente, las instituciones universitarias también tienen un compromiso trascendental, porque deberán promover el desarrollo profesional de los docentes, estableciendo y siguiendo programas de capacitación según las necesidades del mercado laboral y las tendencias globales.
Factores asociados a sibilancias en adolescentes entre 13 y 14 años que estudian próximos a la Autopista, “Ruta Viva”. Influencia de exposiciones medioambientales en dos colegios de Quito, Ecuador.
Authors: Reyes Pamela , Endara Pablo
Published: October 2019

El asma es un trastorno alérgico que predomina en la población pediátrica. Factores de riesgo para desarrollar síntomas de sibilancias incluyen: antecedentes familiares, medioambientales y médicos del individuo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la relación entre asma y el tiempo de exposición a la contaminación por una autopista en jóvenes entre trece y catorce años de la parroquia Cumbayá, seleccionados de dos colegios de la zona próximos a la autopista “Ruta Viva”. Se utilizó el test estadístico Chi cuadrado y regresión logística, con los que se determinó que el grupo que estuvo expuesto en menor proporción a la viabilidad de la ruta presentó más síntomas de sibilancias en los últimos 12 meses en contraste con aquellos que estuvieron expuestos mayor tiempo. . Este inesperado hallazgo, está más bien explicado por otros factores independientemente de la exposición de los participantes a la autopista, como la presencia de humedad en domicilio, el uso de alfombras y el uso de sistemas de aire acondicionado.