bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease Using a Machine learning Approach for Better Results
Authors:   Department of Computing TechnologY School of Computing  SRMIST, MANISH M.V.
Published: January 2025

Chronic Kidney Disease has also become one of the serious public health threats worldwide because of its chronic nature and potential progression to End-Stage Renal Disease if left untreated or undiagnosed. This paper aims to utilize machine learning techniques for the early detection of CKD using algorithms such as KNeighborsClassifier, Gaussian Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest. Models applied to a data set that contains clinical attributes such as age, blood pressure, and albumin levels after preprocessing for data quality normalization, feature selection, and outlier management. The performance metrics of the developed models were based on the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score; Random Forest has the highest diagnostic accuracy at 98.06%. The results show that machine learning models, in this case, Random Forest, are useful for prediction of CKD and may support non-invasive, low-cost early detection in clinical practice. Future work will focus on ensemble and deep learning approaches in order to enhance the robustness of models and their applicability in healthcare.

Index Terms—Chronic kidney disease , Machine Learning

,KNeighborsClassifier, Support vector machine, Health Infor- matics, Supervised Learning, Medical Data Preprocessing, Early Disease Detection.
Navigating the Future: Pay-Later Options in E-Commerce and Their Influence on Purchase Decision-Making
Authors:   Assistant Professor - Shushruti Institute of Management Studies, H V 1 . RAKSHA
Published: January 2025

The pay-later options in e-commerce revolutionized consumer-buying behavior by making an e-commerce transaction flexible and convenient. The paper investigates the influence of using pay-later options on consumers' decision-making in e-commerce, including platforms such as Amazon, Flipkart, Myntra, Meesho, Blinkit, Zepto, Ola, and many more. Through mixed methods of two stages, the paper identifies the factors behind consumers' adoption of BNPL options and analyses how the latter influences purchasing decisions. Combining data analysis—thereby bringing statistical insights into consumer preferences and patterns—this study offers recommendations on how to optimize pay-later strategies for better customer satisfaction and increased sales growth.

Keywords: e-commerce, consumer-buying behavior, pay-later services, online transactions, BNPL, Amazon, Flipkart, Myntra, Meesho, Blinkit, Zepto & Ola.
A Comprehensive Study of OpenTelemetry Collector: Architecture, Use Cases, and Performance
Authors:   Senior Software Engineer (Independent Researcher), Bhosale Pradeep
Published: January 2025

As microservices and distributed systems gain popularity, observability encompassing metrics, logs, and traces has

emerged as a pivotal concern in modern DevOps environments. OpenTelemetry (often abbreviated OTel), an open-
source observability framework, seeks to standardize the way telemetry data is collected, processed, and exported.

Within OTel’s ecosystem, the OpenTelemetry Collector (OTel Collector) serves as a flexible, pluggable data
pipeline, bridging instrumentation signals from multiple sources to various backends. This collector consolidates
the ingestion of metrics, logs, and traces in a single, vendor-neutral solution.
This paper provides a comprehensive study of the OpenTelemetry Collector, its core architecture, deployment
patterns, typical use cases, and performance considerations. We begin by detailing how the Collector interacts with
instrumentation libraries, potential data sources, and various backend analysis systems. We then highlight real-world
usage scenarios, from sidecar deployments to central aggregator setups, and advanced configurations, including
load balancing or pipeline concurrency. Along the way, we examine anti-patterns such as unbounded concurrency,
over-collecting data, or ignoring security aspects for sensitive traces. Benchmark results and best practices gleaned
from real deployments prior to August 2022 offer guidance on scaling the Collector effectively, ensuring minimal
overhead while retaining robust data. Ultimately, this paper aims to equip DevOps engineers, SREs, and software
architects with actionable insights to successfully integrate OpenTelemetry Collector as a unified approach to
metrics, logs, and traces in cloud-native systems.

Keywords
OpenTelemetry, Observability, Collector, Tracing, Metrics, Logs, Distributed Systems, DevOps, Performance,
Kubernetes
Multi-Cloud Deployment with Kubernetes: Challenges, Strategies, and Performance Optimization
Authors:   Independent Researcher, USA, Gogineni Anila
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the challenges, strategies, and techniques
involved in the right use of Kubernetes to perform
multi-cloud are summarised. Some of them are lack of
coordination between different systems and domains,
security concerns and costs and providing solutions in

terms of how coordination might be most appropriate
and how different kinds of automation might be most
usefully employed. The following performance
optimization techniques are also considered: as the
concepts of resource management and load distribution.

Keywords: Multiple Cloud Operating Model,
Kubernetes Virtualization, Resource Optimization,
Mapping of Mudharabah Financing Research in Islamic Banks: A Bibliometric Study of Vosviewer
Authors: Khotimah Retno Wahyuning Khusnul , Difri Fanesa Ainun
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemetaan perkembangan penelitian mengenai akad Mudharabah di Perbankan Syariah dengan menggunakan kajian bibliometrik VOSviewer & kajian pustaka. Penelitian dilakukan dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun dari tahun 2014 sampai dengan tahun 2024 dengan menggunakan penelusuran melalui website Garuda (Digital Reference Garba) dengan menggunakan kata kunci Mudharabah dan dihasilkan 101 artikel penelitian. Artikel hasil penelusuran tersebut dilakukan analisis deskriptif, inputan, analisis menggunakan VOSViewer dan kajian pustaka untuk mengetahui visualisasi pemetaan perkembangan topik dan pokok bahasan penelitian seputar akad Mudharabah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah publikasi mengenai akad Mudharabah mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan setiap tahunnya. Kemudian dari output visualisasi pemetaan menggunakan VOSviewer, penelitian mengenai akad Mudharabah terbagi dalam 6 cluster. Sementara itu dari output kajian pustaka masih terdapat 35 topik penelitian mengenai akad Mudharabah di Lembaga Keuangan Syariah.
Analisis Strategi Rekrutmen dan Seleksi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Hotel Gamalama Abepura
Authors: Parera Jemy Ricardo , Yuyunita
Published: January 2025

Ada pun tujuan yang ingin di capai  dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut (1) Untuk Mengetahui dan Menganalisis Analisa Strategi Rekrutmen dan Seleksi Karyawan secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Hotel Gamalama Di Abepura., (2) Untuk Mengetahui dan Menganalisis Analisa Strategi Rekrutmen dan Seleksi Karyawan secara Parsial berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Hotel Gamalama Di Abepura, (3) Untuk Mengetahui dan Menganalisis variabel manakah diantara Strategi rekrutmen dan seleksi yang paling dominanan terhadap kinerja karyawanpada Hotel Gamalama Di Abepura.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini data yang digunakan adalah data Strategi Rekrutmen dan Seleksi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Hotel Gamalama Abepura. Model Analisis yang digunakan adalah SPSS 17.0.dengan melihat pengaruh dan hasil sebagai berikut: (1) Untuk Mengetahui dan Menganalisis Analisa Strategi Rekrutmen dan Seleksi Karyawan secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Hotel Gamalama Di Abepura, (2) Untuk Mengetahui dan Menganalisis Analisa Strategi Rekrutmen dan Seleksi Karyawan secara Parsial berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Hotel Gamalama Di Abepura, (3) Untuk Mengetahui dan Menganalisis variabel manakah diantara Strategi rekrutmen dan seleksi yang paling dominan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Hotel Gamalama Di Abepura. Hasil Penelitian  di peroleh  Hasil pengujian hipotesis (H1), diketahui bahwa secara simultan rekrutmen dan seleksi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan. Hal ini yang berarti bahwa, rekrutmen dan seleksi mampu meningkatkan kinerja karyawan pada Hotel Gamalama di Abepura. Hasil pengujian hipotesis (H2), dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara rekrutmen dan seleksi secara parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan, Hasil pengujian hipotesis (H3) menunjukan bahwa variabel rekrutmen berpengaruh paling dominan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Oleh karena itu, strategi dalam proses rekrutmen berdampak pada kinerja karyawan pada Hotel Gamalama di Abepura
Penjualan Nasi Goreng di Lingkungan Pondok Pesantren: Strategi, Inovasi dan Tantangannya
Authors: Mubarrok Alvi Dzikri , Sopingi Imam , Yuni K. Kusnul Ciptanila
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi, inovasi, dan tantangan penjualan nasi goreng di lingkungan pondok pesantren. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan strategi penjualan berbasis hubungan personal, lokasi strategis, harga terjangkau, dan porsi yang sesuai kebutuhan santri. Inovasi meliputi variasi menu, kemasan higienis, dan layanan pengantaran, meskipun terkendala modal dan sumber daya. Tantangan mencakup fluktuasi harga bahan baku, keterbatasan modal, serta aturan pesantren yang memengaruhi operasional. Dukungan dari pengelola pesantren dan komunitas diperlukan untuk keberlanjutan usaha. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan bisnis kuliner berbasis budaya pesantren serta menjadi referensi bagi pelaku usaha lainnya.
Mengeksplor Tradisi Pasar Jajan Gratis : Dampaknya Terhadap Pendapatan UMKM Di Kota Pekalongan
Authors: Widayanti Rosita Lis , Safi’i Muhammad Aris , Adinugraha Hendri Hermawan
Published: January 2025

Kota Pekalongan mempunyai salah satu tradisi yang sampai saat ini masih dilaksanakan setiap tahunnya. Tradisi ini sering disebut masyarakat Kota Pekalongan sebagai Pasar Jajan Gratis yang rutin dilaksanakan setiap tahun pada bulan Agustus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dampak ekonomi dari adanya Tradisi Pasar Jajan Gratis, pengaruhnya terhadap pendapatan para pelaku UMKM di Kota Pekalongan dan keuntungan serta kerugian dari adanya Tradisi Pasar Jajan Gratis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data yang meliputi wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak ekonomi dari adanya tradisi pasar jajan gratis yaitu meningkatnya pendapatan beberapa pelaku UMKM salah satunya karena sebagian masyarakat yang mulai beralih memesan makanan daripada membuat sendiri. Selain itu pengaruh dari Tradisi Pasar Jajan Gratis di Kota Pekalongan terhadap pendapatan para pelaku UMKM tidaklah sama, beberapa mengalami peningkatan, beberapa mengalami penurunan walaupun tidak signifikan, bahkan ada yang tidak berpengaruh sama sekali. Hal tersebut juga yang menjadi keuntungan serta kerugian yang dialami para pelaku UMKM di Kota Pekalongan.
A Study on the Derivation of Architectural Programming and Planning Elements of Green Smart Schools in Korea
Authors:   Education Research Institute, Won Ho Sung
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify key planning elements for Green Smart Schools, which focus on creating sustainable learning environments through eco-friendly and intelligent infrastructure. By analyzing previous studies and case examples, the research extracts essential planning elements for elementary, middle, and high schools. Elementary schools emphasize environmental awareness through hands-on experiences with nature, while middle schools prioritize enhancing students’ self-directed learning and social responsibility. High schools prioritize environmental education and sustainability through green technologies. The findings highlight varied efforts across different school levels to promote sustainability and support student development within innovative education environments.
Single-vehicle injury crashes on rural roads in Iceland: contribution of unforgiving roadsides to fatal and serious injuries of vehicle occupants
Authors: Arnadottir Audur Thora , Ulfarsson Gudmundur F. , Kim Sungyop
Published: January 2025

About 50% of the most severe crashes on rural roads in Iceland are run-off-road crashes. Many existing roads were designed before the concept of forgiving roadsides became prevailing in road design in Iceland. This research aimed to find the roadside elements that significantly increase the probability of high severity of single-vehicle injury crashes compared to low severity crashes on rural roads to prioritize safety improvements under limited budgets. In this research, 712 police records on single-vehicle injury crashes on rural state roads in Iceland in 2016–2018 were investigated. Crash data developed from police reports do not typically include information on roadside elements even though such information is often visible in photographs or written in words by police officers in their crash reports. This limits research on roadside elements and unforgiving roadsides. In this study, the original written police reports and crash photographs were reviewed. Based on this, additional data regarding the roadside elements were coded and added to the standard crash data. A binary logit model for the most severe injury in each crash was developed to statistically test the effect of roadside elements on the probability of fatal and serious injury versus low severity. The model results showed that two roadside elements, rocks and steep transverse slopes (e.g. where an access road enters a main road), hit by a vehicle in a run-off-road crash, more than doubled the probability of high severity. Road safety measures where roadside rocks are removed or steep transverse slopes are reduced, thereby making roadsides more smooth and forgiving, can be especially beneficial for safety because road users are unlikely to adapt their behavior to increased safety from such improvements. This is because such improvements are likely not easily noticed by road users; hence they reduce the probability of compensatory behavior such as increased driving speed, which could outweigh the safety benefits. The results revealed other contributing factors which more than double the probability of high severity of single-vehicle injury crashes on rural roads. Driver intoxication had the strongest effect, a problem which interestingly was limited to drivers living in Iceland. Not a single foreign tourist driver in this data was noted as being under the influence of alcohol or illegal drugs. To strengthen the analysis of the contribution of roadside elements to the severity of run-off-road crashes and to monitor the effects of improvements in the future, it is recommended that additional information on roadside elements be coded and added to the standard police record crash data.
Attractiveness and Oviposition Preference of Whitefly Bemisia Tabaci (Genn) as Influenced by Leaf Trichomes
Authors: Saad Khalid A , Ali Abdallatif S M , Salem Mansour , Agbali Muna M , A B Idris
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated the influence of leaf trichomes in cucumber, chili and brinjal on adult whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn) as regards their attractiveness and oviposition preference. Morphological observations revealed the presence of non-glandular trichomes on abaxial leaf surfaces. These were found distributed densely on brinjal leaves but sparsely on cucumber, while chilli did not have any trichomes. Significantly more abundant eggs and adults of B. tabaci were observed on brinjal leaves than on cucumber and chili. A clear preference for egg laying was observed with branches of brinjal leaves, at the base of the trichome stalk of cucumber; and in the form of incomplete circular patterns on chilli leaves. These results suggest that farmers should adopt mixed cropping taking into account the type and density trichome, as this impacts the preference of adult B. tabaci, and thereby support IPM.
Water Quality Analysis and Biomonitoring Potential of Aquatic Insects in the Selected Streams of Munnar, Kerala
Authors: Sonaimuthu K. , Muralikrishnan S. , Muthukatturaja M. , Balasubramanian C, , Balachandran C. , Arun Nagendran N.
Published: January 2025

A total of 2,565 individuals of aquatic macroinvertebrates belonging to 27 genera, 18 families and seven orders were recorded from four streams of Munnar. Ephemeroptera was found to be the most dominant and diverse order. The Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were high in Suryanelli and low in Sivanmalai streams. The Evenness and Margalef indices were maximum in Periyavarai and Suryanelli streams and minimum in Sivanmalai stream. Water quality of the selected streams were analyzed with regard to the biotic indices. The functional feeding group (FFG) analysis revealed filter feeders as dominant group among FFGs in Munnar streams. The relationship between the water chemistry variables and aquatic macroinvertebrate community were discussed with canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).
Silencing of Juvenile Hormone Diol Kinase Gene Induces Moulting Difficulties in Spodoptera litura (F)
Authors: Sarkar S , Kalia V K
Published: January 2025

Juvenile hormone diol kinase is an important regulatory enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of JH diol compound into JH diol phosphate. In the present study, a JHDK complementary DNA (cDNA) was cloned from Spodoptera litura (F) and provisionally named as Sljhdk1. Initially, the Sljhdk1 was characterized based on their stage-specific expression patterns and then the Sljhdk1 gene was suppressed through RNAi. RNAi was induced by feeding double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to the 3rd instar larva of S.litura. The dsRNA was designed to target the specific regions of the Sljhdk1 gene sequence. Ingestionof 1μg of dsRNA by each 3rd instar larva successfully knocked down the target gene expression. Notablephenotypic aberration was observed along with deformed pupa and reduced pupal size. These findings ascertain the important regulatory roles of Sljhdk1 in S. litura.
Exploring the Nutritional Profile of a Non-Mulberry Silk Worm Consumed as Food in Assam
Authors: Doloi Dipika , Basumatari Devajit
Published: January 2025

The present study aims to investigate the nutritional profile of non-mulberry silk worm Philosamia ricini, an edible insect consumed in Assam, India. This research focuses on exploring the proximate composition, mineral and trace element contents. Both the larval and pupal stages were studied. The moisture, crude protein, fat, fibre, total ash and carbohydrates/ Nitrogen Free Extract were determined using standard methods of AOAC while minerals and trace elements were analysed using ICP-OES. Crude protein and crude fat were found to be higher in larval and pupal stages, respectively. Both the larval and pupal stages showed high levels of potassium (K). Findings reveal that P. ricini is highly nutritious, with significant levels of crude protein and crude fat. The silkworm also contains considerable amounts of key minerals such as calcium, iron and magnesium, as well as trace elements like zinc and copper. These results highlight the potential of P. ricini as a sustainable and nutrient-rich food source.
Seasonal Dynamics of Major Insect Pests of Cucumber
Authors: Dwivedi Pratiksha , Kumar Rajnish , Gourav Buts Kumar , Singh Ajeet Kumar , Vishwakarma Akhileshwar
Published: January 2025

To monitor the seasonal dynamics of insect pests on cucumber, the incidence of pests viz., Bemisia tabaci, Amrasca biguttula biguttula and Aulacophora foveicollis were recorded on a weekly basis, along with that of Bactrocera cucurbitae through a pheromone trap. The results revealed that the incidence of B. tabaci and A. foveicollis initiated during the 34th SMW and A. biguttula biguttula during the 35th SMW, whereas the appearance of B. cucurbitae occurred during the 31st SMW. The peak incidence of B. tabaci, A. biguttula biguttula and A. foveicollis was observed during the 39th SMW, while the peak of B. cucurbitae was during the 31st SMW. All the weather parameters considered (minimum temperature, maximum temperature, minimum and maximum relative humidity) were more or less influencing the incidence. Theregression model developed individually for each insect showed that all the weather parameters influencethe incidence to an extent of 18, 35, 53 and 74% for B. tabaci, A. biguttula biguttula, A. foveicollis and B.cucurbitae, respectively.
Bionomics and Environmental Characteristics of Anopheles Mosquitoes
Authors: Suaebu Syamsuddin , Ahmad Hamsir , Khaer Ain , . Budirman , Hidayat Rahmat
Published: January 2025

Exophilic behaviour was observed in An. sundaicus, while endophilic, endophagic, and anthropophilic behaviours were found across all Anopheles sp. species at the study site. Environmental factors such as temperature, air humidity, wind speed, rainfall, and habitat type significantly affected the density of Anopheles sp. The mosquitoes exhibited both anthropophilic (feeding on human blood) and zoophilic (feeding on animal blood) behaviours, particularly in areas with livestock nearby. Anopheles sp. are predominantly exophagic and active at night (from 18:00 to 06:00), with peak biting times varying depending on the species. Most Anopheles sp. were found resting outdoors (exophilic), particularly on the outer walls of houses and in livestock pens. The environmental characteristics of Anopheles sp. breeding sites included lagoons, swamps, and flooded rice fields, with either clear or turbid water conditions and aquatic vegetation present.
Pesticide Residue Management in Grapes
Authors: B Lirin Sharath , Paul Ambily , George Thomas , O P Reji Rani , C Anitha Chandran , K Prathibha Ravi , S Visal Kumar
Published: January 2025

A laboratory experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) to evaluate the effectiveness of various decontamination methods in removing pesticide residues from grapes during 2022-2023. Organically grown grape plants at fruiting stage were selected from Cumbum, Theni district of Tamil Nadu and sprayed with a mixture of eleven pesticides at double the recommended dose selected based on data obtained from monitoring studies. Soaking grapes in a solution of 2% sodium carbonate solution resulted in maximum removal of residues, which was followed by soaking in lukewarm water for 10 min. Among radiation treatments, gamma radiation at 1 kGy was an effective method for eliminating residues.
Biology and Parasitic Potential of an Indigenous Braconid Parasitoid on Gelechiid Leafminers
Authors: Murugasridevi K , Jeyarani S , Nelson S Jeyarajan , Kumar S Mohan
Published: January 2025

The gelechiid leafminers, Aproaerema modicella Deventer and Phthorinaea (=Tuta) absoluta Meyrick are the most devastating pests of groundnut and tomato. Biological control based on indigenous natural enemies to manage these leafminers may be a fitting strategy. In this view, the biology and performance of an indigenous, gregarious, ecto larval parasitoid, Avga choaspes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was test verified against both the gelechiid leafminers. A. choaspes recorded highest parasitization of 57.33 and 43.67% on fourth instar A. modicella and P. absoluta larvae, respectively at 5: 15 ratio under laboratory condition. A. choaspes produced more number of progenies on fourth instar A. modicella and P. absoluta larvae than on other instars. Developmental biology of A. choaspes indicated that the parasitoid could complete its life cycle with a shortest developmental period (11.20± 0.37 days) on P. absoluta than on A. modicella (13.60± 0.24 days). It is evident that, A. choaspes is an effective parasitoid against both gelechiid leafminers and amenable for mass culturing on P. absoluta with short developmental span.
Feeding Behaviour of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Spodoptera litura Fabricius on Bollgard II Bt Cotton
Authors: Murthy K Datchina , Manoharan T , Divya S , Kumar S Mohan , Suresh K
Published: January 2025

The feeding preference of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and leaf eating caterpillar Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Bt and non Bt cotton hybrids was studied under laboratory conditions at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, TNAU, Coimbatore. The third instar larvae were allowed to feed on different parts (leaf, squares, flowers and young bolls) of transgenic Bt and non Bt cotton hybrids separately by choice method. Among the different parts of Bt cotton, H. armigera larvae exhibited greater preference towards flower (41.67%) followed by squares (33.33%), bolls (15.00%) and leaves (10.00%) at 24 hr after release, whereas in non Bt cotton, the larvae preferred squares (35.00%) as well as flowers (33.33%) followed by bolls (16.67%) and leaves (15.00%). S. litura larvae showed more preference towards Bt cotton flowers (48.33%) followed by squares (25.00%), leaves (15.00%) and bolls (11.67%) whereas in non Bt cotton, the larval preference was more on flower (38.33%) as well as leaves (35.00%).It can inferred that, both insects exhibited significantly greater preference towards flower than other plant parts, irrespective of the Bt and non Bt cotton hybrids.
Optimizing VGG19 for Accurate Pest Identification in Oil Palm
Authors: . Muhathir , Sahputra Ilham , Ula Mutammimul
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in pest classification using deep learning models have shown promising results in various agricultural contexts. The VGG19 model, known for its robust performance in image classification, has been applied to the task of classifying pests in oil palm plants. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the VGG19 model in identifying pests on oil palm, comparing the performance of default settings with models fine-tuned using grid search and random search techniques. We employed a quantitative approach, training the VGG19 model with three different configurations: default, fine-tuned with grid search, and fine-tuned with random search. Evaluation metrics including precision, recall, F1-Score, and overall accuracy were used to assess model performance across different pest categories: Metisa plana, Setora nitens, and Setothosea asigna. The default VGG19 model achieved precision, recall, and F1-Score values around 92,36%, 92.33% and 92.34 for Metisa plana, Setora nitens, and Setothosea asigna, with an overall accuracy of 92.33%. Fine-tuning with grid search improved these metrics, with precision, recall, and F1-Score reaching approximately 94.20, 94, and 94.01% respectively, and an overall accuracy of 94%. The random search fine-tuning resulted in even higher performance, with precision of about 95.68%, recall of 95.67%, and F1-Score of 95.67% for Metisa plana, and overall accuracy of 95.67%. The VGG19 model demonstrated strong performance in pest classification on oil palm, with significant improvements achieved through fine-tuning techniques. The study confirms that grid search and random search fine-tuning can substantially enhance model accuracy and efficacy. Future research should focus on expanding the dataset to include more diverse pest species, incorporating attention mechanisms, and leveraging automated control technologies like drones and the Internet of Things (IoT) to further improve pest management practices.
Impact of Nano-Insecticides in Vector Borne Diseases
Authors: Anbalagan Rajalakshmi , S K Farhat , Krishnan Jayalakshmi
Published: January 2025

The global vector borne diseases (VBDs) that cause public health problems such as malaria, dengue, ZIKA, Chikungunya, and Japanese Encephalitis. These diseases are not transmitted from human to human directly and they require a vector to be transmitted. When the suitable conditions are met between a vector, host and environment these diseases are transmitted effectively. Vector borne disease are very much spreading faster in the world in the recent years due to climate change, international trade, urbanization, cutting of trees etc. and they become a threat to human health. WHO has reported that in 2020 there were 6,27,000 malaria deaths worldwide and 241 million malaria cases. No effective vaccines or drugs are available for most of the vector borne diseases as for example in case of malaria parasite they change the morphology many times with different antigens in the life cycle. As there is no treatment for these VBDs the only option is the implementation of vector control measures. WHO in 2017 published that in Africa alone due to the vector control measures there was a control of VBDS for example 663 million malaria cases were averted. For controlling many VBDs the pesticides and insect growth regulators are in use.
Effect of Cultural Control Against the Stalk Borer Busseola fusca Fuller on Maize
Authors: Jenber Abaynew Jemal , Mihretie Aderajew , Chekole Genet
Published: January 2025

Busseola fusca F. (stalk borers) is the main pest of cereals in Ethiopia. In this study, survey was conducted to determine the status of stalk borer under natural infestation during the 2021/22 cropping season in Gondar Zuria District, Ethiopia. The assessment was based on a total of 60 maize fields at three representative sites, which were systematically selected. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result indicated that the prevalence of B. fusca was 100%. The local maize variety at maturity stage, late planting, and pesticide-untreated fields recorded high infestations. Fields with previous crops such as chickpea and faba bean recorded less infestation. The infestation was much lower in maize intercropping than in sole maize. Plant population and adjacent crop fields had no a significant effect on infestation level. Appropriate strategies for stem borer management based on farmers’ needs should be promoted.
Investigations on Begomoviruses and Whiteflies on Ridge Gourd
Authors: Pradeep Kumar
Published: January 2025

Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) transmitted Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV) is a major constraint in cultivation of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L) in South India. A survey across Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana has highlighted a high incidence of begomovirus infections in ridge gourd crop. Despite the cultivation of 20 varieties by the farmers, none demonstrated significant resistance with infection rates varying significantly across districts, from 30% to 100%. Molecular analysis of whiteflies and ridge gourd samples confirmed the presence of B. tabaci and ToLCNDV. ToLCNDV isolate with genetic sequences showing a 100% identity to known strains in India and South Korea, is known for affecting a range of cucurbit crops. The findings underscore the threat caused by ToLCNDV to yield stability on ridge gourd.
Efficacy of Predators Against Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Haque Mohd Mainul , Hossain Md. Nabab , Rumpa Mst Jannatul Ferdaus , Neeroj Moohtasim Haque , Tithy Mst Sowda Hasan , Khan Md Aslam
Published: January 2025

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is the most harmful pest that causes significant losses in most agricultural products. The experiment was conducted to explore the bio-control agents, from the serious pest predators and in the efficacy trial with Stethorus punctillum females consumed the highest number of 46.49 Tetranychus urticae eggs/ day, whereas females devoured 56.71 immature prey/ day and larvae consumed 57.95 immature prey whereas the lowest was 24.32 adult prey. It has also been observed that female predators consume higher amount of prey. In the case of Scolothrips sexmaculatus the same trend of prey consumption has prevailed. Female predators consumed the highest number of 45.83 prey eggs daily, while the larva consumed the lowest number of 26.70 adult mites daily. The present study shows that the three predators, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Stethorus punctillum, and Scolothrips sexmaculatus, are very much predacious on two-spotted spider mites.
The Space Between Jurisdiction and Sovereignty
Authors: Kaushal Asha
Published: January 2025

This Comment examines the relationship between jurisdiction and sovereignty in the context of Chimni’s principle of subaltern internationalism. When viewed from the perspective of decolonisation and self-determination, jurisdiction pulls against Third World spaces for governance. Instead, it deploys jurisdiction as a limiting legal instrument. I suggest that mainstream international law has relied upon—exploited, even—the space between jurisdiction and sovereignty to withhold the full realisation of self-determination from developing states. Drawing on the case study of East Timor, the Comment examines the many faces of jurisdiction on the plane of mainstream international law.
Third World Statehood Before the ‘Third World’: Imperialism, Sovereignty, and the Making of Latin America
Authors: Loefflad Eric
Published: January 2025

Engaging BS Chimni’s claim that the genealogies of colonial capitalism are vital to uncovering the substantive realities that animate formalistic conceptions of jurisdiction, I argue that the independence of Latin America forms an important, yet under- theorised, site for articulating these genealogies. This is especially significant given the general lack of materialist analysis of this history in both Latin American International Law (LAIL) and Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL’). Filling this lacuna, I argue that while Latin American polities emerged as bounded territorial states, their recognition as such must be understood in relation to how Europe and the United States hosted new forms of imperial expansion at the same time. This forms the basis for a new account of how Latin American colonisation, independence, and enmeshment within the capitalist world-system provide ample opportunity to reimagine the operation of jurisdiction and territoriality in the history of international law.
Rapporteur Report
Authors: Ramachandran Shwetha , Tewari Laavanya , B. P. Chayan , Sahni Manvi
Published: January 2025

XVI NLSIR Symposium: TWAIL Approaches to Jurisdiction [Volume 35(2)]
Charting Extraterritoriality: Jurisdiction, Corporate Conduct, and Environmental Harm
Authors: Mehta Kalika
Published: January 2025

Chimni’s TWAIL critique of the principle of jurisdiction, the subject of this symposium, implicates its development with the evolution of capitalism. Against this backdrop, this paper uniquely focuses on international criminal law and the selective application of principle of extraterritorial jurisdiction, particularly its exclusion of corporate entities from prosecution for large-scale violence. Through an analysis that engages with Chimni’s critique, the paper illustrates how these extraterritorial prosecutions align with the mainstream liberal theory of jurisdiction, while also exposing gaps in corporate accountability. Further, the paper contributes to ongoing legal reform debates by exploring the proposed international crime of ecocide, a novel legal response to environmental damage that not only challenges territorial jurisdiction but also directly implicates corporate activities. This dual focus on extraterritoriality and corporate accountability aims to provide a critical perspective on the future of international criminal law, advocating for the expansion of its scope beyond individual actors to address pressing global challenges.
Extra-Territoriality and Solidarity
Authors: Nesiah Vasuki
Published: January 2025

Bhupinder Chimni calls for a subaltern internationalism that stands in contrast to and challenges extraterritorial jurisdiction by imperial and capitalist forces. We have a productive instantiation of subaltern internationalism in the jurisprudence on jus standi at the International Court of Justice.1 A sovereign that is not the injured party may still legitimately represent injured peoples if the representation is grounded in a commitment to those peoples’ self- determination; the court’s admissibility jurisprudence has come to recognize this commitment as a legitimate erga omnes partes claim. Its most recent and spectacular expression was South Africa’s representation of Palestinians with a genocide claim against the state of Israel. The spirit of subaltern internationalism inheres not in the decision of the court but in the sweeping support for these claims across the global south. The critical force is not just the support of other states; after all, postcolonial states have themselves inherited and reinforced some of the rules of world-making forged by colonialism and capitalism. Rather, and more importantly, the spirit of subaltern internationalism inheres in the support of the genocide claims by thousands of civil society organizations from across the globe and tens of thousands of people marching in protests around the world. The vision of self-determination in this powerful left internationalist spirit challenges the political horizon of the post- colonial nation state. As the popular protest slogan heard on the streets across the world goes: “In our thousands, in our millions, we are all Palestinians”.
Introduction: TWAIL and the International Law of Jurisdiction.
Authors: Sen Rohini
Published: January 2025

Introduction: TWAIL and the International Law of Jurisdiction.
The Fourth World Approach: A Challenge or an Extension to TWAIL?
Authors: Tayal Vineet
Published: January 2025

The Fourth World Approach to International Law (‘FWAIL’) is the new formation of a critical methodology for analysing the international law framework. The idea of ‘us’ in international law, paves the way for the discrimin ation of the ‘others’ in international law. The Third World Approach to International Law (‘TWAIL’) though claiming to include all the ‘others’ of international law, fails to include the concerns of all the marginalised and excluded ‘others’. TWAIL is focused on these ‘others’ as a homogenous group and thereby neglects the marginalisation of the marginalised. FWAIL insists on the development of a new language of international law that can accommodate and assimilate the vocabulary of these neglected ‘nations’ scattered amongst ‘states’. FWAIL argues that the frame of reference of the observer to analyse international law must be changed from the perspective of other worlds to the fourth- world perspective, and only then can it recognise their plight, giving them proper recognition and a framework of rights at both domestic and international levels.
Territoriality of Satellites in the LEO: ‘Jurisdiction without Territory’ Beyond Earthly Frontiers
Authors: Dixit Priyansh
Published: January 2025

Successes in outer space are often seen as belonging to humankind. But what exactly does humankind mean? In line with TWAIL, I cannot agree that it refers to the collective distribution of benefits to all states or individuals. Rather, these successes and the benefits that flow from them are disproportionately allocated to the first world. This is even though the advantage of the first world is a direct consequence of centuries of colonialism and exploitation. In this backdrop, I argue that the exercise of jurisdiction in the Low Earth Orbit (‘LEO’) creates a kind of territoriality that is used to deny the claims of the third world states and unjustly enrich the first world states. I argue in certain spaces of the LEO where such territoriality is created, neo-colonial relationships between states are reproduced. I base my arguments on Chimni’s analytical TWAIL-based framework of territorial jurisdiction. Further, I prove that this territoriality is created because neo-colonial relations are structurally promoted by the law of jurisdiction under International Space Law (‘ISL’). Part I will provide the theoretical and practical context for my thesis and lay down its contours. Part II will detail Chimni’s arguments on territory and distil the inquiry that needs to be undertaken to assess if and when the LEO demonstrates territoriality. Part III will undertake this inquiry through three sub-parts. First, it will analyse the principle of ‘common heritage’ from a TWAIL lens. Second, it will analyse how the first world exercise of jurisdiction based on this principle gives them a claim against the third world which puts the latter in a disadvantaged position. Third, it will demonstrate how such a disadvantage is created by and creates neo-colonial relations and ideas in outer space, thereby making the LEO a ‘jurisdiction without territory.’ Part IV will conclude.
Differential approach based on students digital from technologies use competence theoretical foundations of development
Authors:   Against state university independent researcher, Uzbekistan, Jamshid Ashurov
Published: January 2025

This article examines the theoretical foundations of a differentiated approach to developing students' competence in using digital technologies. Within the framework of the differentiated approach, a methodology for organizing the educational process is proposed, taking into account the individual characteristics, level of preparation, interests and needs of students.
Development of Pedagogical Skills of Teachers of Future Educational Subjects on The Basis of a Creative Approach
Authors:   Student of the pedagogical direction, Fergana State University, Fergana, Uzbekistan, Durdonakhon Muydinova
Published: January 2025

This article covers the issues of developing pedagogical skills of teachers of the future discipline on the basis of a creative approach. A theoretical analysis of the essence of the creative approach, its role and effectiveness in the educational process is presented. Methods of improving the professional skills of the teacher are indicated on the basis of the directions of using modern pedagogical technologies and innovative techniques, stimulating creative activity, developing problematic teaching technologies and reflex processes. The role of this approach in the formation of students ' creative abilities has been analyzed.
Tесhnоlоgy-Bаsеd Strаtеgiеs Fоr Еnhаnсing Соrpоrаtе Сulturе In Univеrsitiеs
Authors:   Thе first viсе-rесtоr оf thе Nаmаngаn Stаtе Institutе оf Fоrеign Lаnguаgеs, nаmеd аftеr I. Ibrаt, Uzbekistan, Khоlmirzаеviсh Nishаnоv Khаirullа
Published: January 2025

Thе intеgrаtiоn оf tесhnоlоgy intо univеrsity systеms hаs bесоmе а соrnеrstоnе fоr еnhаnсing соrpоrаtе сulturе, аligning institutiоnаl gоаls with mоdеrn аdvаnсеmеnts. This аrtiсlе еxplоrеs thе rоlе оf tесhnоlоgy-bаsеd strаtеgiеs in fоstеring а dynаmiс аnd inсlusivе соrpоrаtе сulturе in univеrsitiеs. By lеvеrаging digitаl tооls, fоstеring соllаbоrаtiоn, аnd prоmоting innоvаtivе thinking, univеrsitiеs саn build аn аdаptivе оrgаnizаtiоnаl еthоs thаt suppоrts асаdеmiс аnd аdministrаtivе grоwth. Kеy аspесts inсludе digitаl trаnsfоrmаtiоn, thе rоlе оf lеаdеrship, аnd thе implеmеntаtiоn оf smаrt tесhnоlоgiеs tо imprоvе соmmuniсаtiоn, strеаmlinе prосеssеs, аnd еnhаnсе stаkеhоldеr еngаgеmеnt. This аrtiсlе аlsо highlights саsе studiеs аnd insights frоm lеаding sсhоlаrs tо prоvidе prасtiсаl rесоmmеndаtiоns fоr institutiоns аiming tо bridgе thе gаp bеtwееn tесhnоlоgy аnd сulturе.
Gingivitis - Symptoms and Treatment
Authors:   Clinic Resident of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Abdusamadovich Djumaev Asliddin , Bustanovna Islamova Nilufar ,   PhD, Assistant Department of Orthopedic Dentistry Samarkand State Medical University Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Published: January 2025

The inflamed gum becomes soft, rough, and does not adhere tightly to the crowns of the teeth. According to the World Health Organization, more than 90-95% of adults have inflammatory processes of the soft tissues of the oral cavity, and tooth loss due to inflammation of the gums and periodontium (tissues surrounding the tooth) occurs 5 times more often than from carious lesions.
Skills required to perform two-factor econometric analysis
Authors:   University of Economics and Pedagogy, Uzbekistan, Makhmanazarovna Ravshanova Mukhayyo
Published: January 2025

In this article, the author provides information on the selection of factors, the implementation of correlation and regression analysis. The construction of an econometric model is shown step by step. Information is also provided on the stage of generating a regression equation using correlation coefficients and a system of normal equations.
Stylistic Study of Similes in Uzbek And English Languages
Authors:   Master student of Fergana State University, Uzbekistan, Shakhnozakhon Shodmonova
Published: January 2025

This article is devoted to the stylistic analysis of comparisons (similitudes) in the Uzbek and English languages. Similitudes, being an integral part of metaphorical and figurative language, play a key role in giving expressiveness and emotional coloring to the text. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of the use of models in two countries is carried out, the features of their structure, function and stylistic ingenuity are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the factorial and linguistic differences that affect the choice and perception of comparisons in twenty different genres of speech culture. The work analyzes examples of literary manifestations, means of colloquial speech and dissemination of information, which allows us to identify similarities and differences in the use of this stylistic device. The purpose of the study is an in-depth understanding of the features of languages and their features in the Uzbek and English languages, as well as expanding knowledge of interlingual and intercultural communication.
Folklore in socio-domestic novels (using the example of Adil Yakubov's novel "Adolat manzili")
Authors:   Senior lecturer of Navoi University of Innovations, Uzbekistan, Shirinboyevna Tosheva Nilufar
Published: January 2025

Since the genre of the novel is a large genre, it contains more characters, images, and details than other genres. The scope of the plot is also shaped more broadly. In our national novels, from proverbs created by our people to epics, the hero's psyche and the nature of the work are realistically shown to the reader.
A Comparative Literature Study : The Indonesian Folklore of Ande-Ande Lumut and The French Folktale of Cinderella
Authors: Amalia Novia Dwi , Triassanti Risa
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini membahas tentang sastra bandingan cerita rakyat dan cerita rakyat yang memiliki persamaan dengan konflik yang berbeda. Penelitian ini berfokus pada cerita rakyat Ande-Ande Lumut dari Indonesia dan Cinderella dari Perancis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (i) unsur intrinsik kedua cerita tersebut dan (ii) unsur budaya kedua cerita tersebut. Penelitian inAdd Contributori menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi, membaca dan menulis laporan penelitian. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis isi dengan membandingkan kedua cerita sebagai data. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kedua cerita ini menarik untuk diperbandingkan karena memang memiliki beberapa kesamaan namun berbeda jalan cerita dan konflik. Kedua karya sastra tersebut juga memiliki unsur budaya yang kuat yaitu agama, mata pencaharian, sistem teknologi dan organisasi sosial. Dua cerita ini mengajarkan kita untuk selalu berbuat baik dan tidak membalas kejahatan orang lain.
 
Kata Kunci: Cerita Rakyat,Studi Sastra Komparatif,Sastra Bandingan