GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DISEASES: A LONG-TERM EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors:   Department of Fundamental Medicine, Medical Institute, Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Federation, Petrov Ilya , Amirova Tanzilya ,   Department of Fundamental Medicine, Medical Institute, Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Federation, Petrova Firuza ,   Department of Fundamental Medicine, Medical Institute, Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Federation, Almukhametov Artur ,   Department of Public Health and Healthcare Organization, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russian Federation, Gilmanov Anas ,   Department of Public Health and Healthcare Organization, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

Gastrointestinal tract diseases (GITD) present a significant and growing challenge for medical professionals and society. As the World Health
Organization (WHO) predicts, the prevalence of these disorders within the broader spectrum of diseases is expected to rise substantially by the middle
of the twenty-first century. This trend underscores the urgent need for increased awareness, better diagnostic methods, and more effective treatment
options to address the complex nature of these conditions and their impact on public health.
Objective: To conduct a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of medical and demographic factors related to GITD within the Russian Federation
population from 2010 to 2022.
Methods: Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the data from the statistical compilation "Healthcare in Russia" of the Federal State Statistics
Service (Rosstat) for the Russian Federation between 2010 and 2022. The Shapiro-Wilk test was employed to assess the normality of the quantitative
data distribution.
Results: In 2010, a share of GITD stood at 7.1% of the total morbidity burden (TMB), which decreased to 6% by 2022. A closer examination of mortality
rates associated with these diseases revealed an overall increase of 9.3%. This translates to an average of 66.7 deaths per 100,000 individuals, with a
95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 64.2 to 69.3. In working-age populations, the increase was slightly lower at 4.2%, with a recorded rate of 48.8
deaths per 100,000 and a 95% CI from 46.4 to 51.2. Mortality rates also varied by gender: the male population showed a modest increase of 1.1%, with
a death rate of 65.2 (95% CI 59.3-71.1), while the women population demonstrated a sharper rise of 12%, reporting an average of 27.6 deaths (95%
CI 25.8-29.3). On a more positive note, GITB mortality among children aged 0-14 years saw a significant decline, dropping by 1.75 times, resulting in a
rate of 0.70 [0.50-0.70]. In the youngest age group, children under 1 year old experienced an even more dramatic drop, with rates falling by 2.5 times
to 0.40 [0.30-0.50]. Overall, the GITD prevalence in the population decreased by 7.3%. Among specific conditions, gastric and duodenal ulcers showed
a notable reduction, declining by 1.5 times. Additionally, an epidemiological analysis revealed a significant decrease in the GITD incidence rates, which
fell by 18.8%, while gastric and duodenal ulcer rates dropped by 1.6 times.
Conclusion: The epidemiological analysis of medical and demographic factors revealed trends in the increasing mortality rates associated with GITD.
However, there has also been a noted decrease in the prevalence and incidence of GITD among the population. These findings highlight the importance
of implementing comprehensive preventive measures, such as expanding the coverage of medical examinations, introducing new screening methods,
and promoting a healthy lifestyle.
Keywords: Gastrointestinal tract disease, morbidity, mortality, epidemiology.