bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Communicative Construction of Interdisciplinarity: Group Discussions with Climate Scientists
Authors: Lüthje Corinna , Thiele Franziska
Published: October 2018

In academic practice, we find a variety of definitions of interdisciplinarity. How do climate scientists define the term? Their understanding, as interdisciplinary and disciplinary group discussions show, is influenced by the group-specific communicative construction of interdisciplinarity
as well as by their disciplinary identity.Interdisciplinarity in research and teaching has been intensively discussed. How scientists define interdisciplinarity and interdisciplinary collaboration can be influenced by their disciplinary backgrounds. Using Bohnsack’s documentary method,
we conducted group discussions to answer the following research questions: 1. What do communicative constructions of the term interdisciplinarity within different groups of professors look like? 2. How are group-specific (inter)disciplinary contexts involved in the communicative construction
of interdisciplinarity? The discussions took place in one interdisciplinary and three disciplinary groups. While all groups understood interdisciplinarity as a collaboration of scientists, they each put a different focus on where interdisciplinarity and interdisciplinary collaboration begin.
The groups with a disciplinary self-understanding referred to discipline-specific logics and habitus to define interdisciplinarity and interdisciplinary collaborations. The openness to different conceptualizations of the terms depended on the internal interdisciplinarity of the groups.
Kwalifikacje zawodowe urzędników w II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Krzymkowski Marek
Published: October 2018

Zapewnienie wykwalifi kowanej kadry urzędniczej dla kształtującej się administracji publicznej było jednym z ważnych zadań, przed którym stanęło państwo polskie w okresie międzywojennym. Normy regulujące poziom kwalifi kacji zawodowych znalazły się już w Tymczasowych przepisach służbowych dla urzędników państwowych, które wydała w dniu 11 czerwca 1918 r. Rada Regencyjna.  Najważniejszym aktem prawnym regulującym status prawny urzędników w II Rzeczypospolitej była ustawa z 17 lutego 1922 r. o państwowej służbie cywilnej (dalej: u.p.s.c.). Weszła ona w życie 1 kwietnia 1922 r i obowiązywała aż do 1974 r.
Odpowiedzialność sędziów Wojskowego Sądu Rejonowego w Katowicach za zbrodnie sądowe (1946-1955)
Authors: Paszek Marta
Published: October 2018

Pierwsze próby pociągnięcia do odpowiedzialności sędziów orzekającychw sfi ngowanych procesach politycznych miały miejsce po Październiku 1956 r. Powolny proces odwilży po śmierci Stalina w marcu 1953 r., w Polsce został zapoczątkowany w związku z ujawnieniem na fali Radia Wolna Europa zbrodniczych metod sprawowania władzy przez komunistów.
"Aleksander Wielopolski a ukaz z 8 czerwca 1862 r. o atrybucjach namiestnika i zakresie władzy cywilnej w Królestwie Polskim"
Authors: Mażewski Lech
Published: October 2018

W trakcie ustrojowej rekonstrukcji Królestwa Polskiego, podjętej w latach 1861-1862 przez margrabiego Aleksandra Wielopolskiego, doszło do ustanowienia nowego, trzeciego już, modelu namiestnictwa. Rozwiązanie to zawierał ukaz Aleksandra II z 8 czerwca 1862 r. o atrybucjach namiestnika i zakresie władzy cywilnej w Królestwie Polskim. Wiadomo, że na przełomie lat 1861/1862 margrabia występował z licznymi propozycjami w zakresie reformy urzędu namiestnika. Czego one dotyczyły i czy miały jakiś wpływ na przyjęte przez cesarza rozwiązanie prawne?
Problematyka sądownictwa polubownego w rezolucjach Rady Nieustającej (1776-1788)
Authors: Głuszak Marcin
Published: October 2018

Pomimo znaczącej roli, jaką w rozstrzyganiu sporów między szlachtą odgrywały w I Rzeczypospolitej sądy polubowne, w literaturze historyczno-prawnej pisano o nich stosunkowo niewiele. Zasadne jest więc zwrócenie większej uwagi na podstawowe problemy związane z ich funkcjonowaniem, szczególnie w XVIII w., a więc w okresie wzrostu popularności tzw. kompromisów.
Spinoza on Free Speech
Authors: Sajama Seppo
Published: October 2018

Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was arguably the ﬁ rst modern liberalist. His Theologico-Political Treatise (henceforward, “TPT”, followed by chapter number), which contains among other things a principled defense of free speech, was published anonymously in 1677, twelve years before John Locke’s charter of liberalism, Two Treatises on Government (1689), but it has been unduly, although understandably, neglected. It is also true that Thomas Hobbes and René Descartes had a huge inﬂ uence on Spinoza, but neither of them can be called a liberalist, let alone a defender of free speech. In this article, I will try to show that Spinoza’s argument for free speech is, despite its interpretative diﬃ  culties, an important milestone in the development of the doctrine of free speech.
Wolność słowa – komunitariańska argumentacja uzasadniająca różnorodność znaczenia pojęcia
Authors: Górecki Olgierd Andrzej
Published: October 2018

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest z jednej strony przedstawienie podstawowych założeń komunitarianizmu, z drugiej natomiast próba dokonania rekonstrukcji znaczenia terminu „wolność słowa”, w oparciu o założenia metodologiczne analizowanej doktryny. W celu usystematyzowania wywodu najpierw przytoczę podstawowe poglądy komunitarian. Później omówię stanowisko Jeﬀrey’a Abramsona i Elizabeth Bussiere, zawarte w artykule Wolność słowa i prawo do swobodnego przekazu. Perspektywa Komunitariańska. Pozwoli mi to sformułować w konkluzji odpowiedź na pytanie: czy według komunitarian można mówić o istnieniu jednej wspólnej deﬁnicji pojęcia wolności słowa, czy też nie byłoby właściwsze stwierdzenie, że mamy do czynienia z całym spektrum tych, różnych od siebie, wolności?
Prawa autorskie do korespondencji a uprawnienia Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej
Authors: Bagieńska - Masiota Aleksandra
Published: October 2018

Inspiracją do napisania artykułu było zdarzenie, jakie miało miejsce na początku 2016 r. W lutym 2016 roku prokurator Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej zabrał z domu Marii Kiszczak dokumenty, które podlegały przekazaniu do IPN. Czynności podjęto w ramach wszczętego w 2015 r. śledztwa ws. ukrycia przez osobę nieuprawnioną dokumentów podlegających przekazaniu IPN. Listy nie były oryginałami, a jedynie spisanymi na maszynie, prawdopodobnie przez adresata, kopiami, część posiadała także urzędową sygnaturę wpływu do ministerstwa. Niektóre z oryginałów, co wnioskować można po sposobie zapisu kopii, pisana była maszynowo i jedynie odręcznie podpisywana przez adresatów. Zewnętrzna postać listów wskazywała na to, że nie miały charakteru prywatnego. IPN upublicznił treść wszystkich listów, jako znajdujących się w archiwum, jednak prasa (sensu largo) zdecydowała się omawiać tylko te, dotyczące osób, które moglibyśmy kwaliﬁ kować do kategorii antykomunistycznych autorytetów moralnych części społeczeństwa polskiego
U źródeł polityki generał-gubernatora wileńskiego hrabiego Michaiła Nikołajewicza Murawjowa wobec kwestii chłopskiej i osadnictwa rosyjskiego na Litwie (1863–1865)
Authors: Tarkowski Mikołaj
Published: October 2018

The article contains a description of the characteristics of the legal acts devoted to the status of the peasant population and of the settler population in the northwestern governorates of the Russian Empire between 1863 and 1865. The rule of Mikhail Muravyov, the governor general of Vilnius, was a significant period. In the duration of his rule, the Russian administration repeatedly undertook steps to realize the Emancipation Reform of 19th February 1861, while also taking into consideration the events connected with the January Uprising. To that end, political actions were undertaken as well as various types of legal acts were passed in relation to the peasant population. Moreover, this group was considered to a large degree to be “indigenously Russian” according to the local authorities. It was supposed to be a social stratum, together with the practically and legally supported group of settlers from the governorate from the interior of the Empire, used to politically and economically weaken the nobility which occupied the Northwestern Krai.
Šamanizm kak sociokulʹturnyj obʺekt gosudarstvennogo regulirovanija obyčno-pravovoj sfery Vostočnoj Sibiri XIX v.
Authors: Arzumanov Igor A.
Published: October 2018

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the organization of the norms of the common law codification in the 19th century in Eastern Siberia. The above mentioned organization was taking place in the stream of ethno-consolidation processes. The regulation of social relationships in the autochthonous socio-cultural environment took place in the framework of the mythoreligious shamanism complex. Moreover, it appeared as the main form of the ideological system. The aforementioned fact influenced the specific character of the process of the political and legal integration of the indigenous organization of the state’s fiscal activity on the executive managerial level. The unification of the managerial system with the codification of the common law of the indigenous populations was carried out in two stages. The first stage was comprised of the stratification of the indigenous (yasachny) community into three layers. Furthermore, each layer reflected the specific character and tribal structure of each self-government as well as the way of life of the indigenous denizens of Eastern Siberia.The second stage consisted of the legalization of the management system of the common law of the indigenous inhabitants as well as of the predetermination of the parameters of the legislative activity of the administration in light of the common tasks connected with the realization of the integration function of the state.
Inspiracje filozoficzne i religijne dla zakazu piętnowania twarzy skazańców. Ze studiów nad konstantyńską humanitas
Authors: Zalewski Bartosz
Published: October 2018

The aim of this paper is to analyze the constitution by Constantine the Great which prohibited the branding of faces of the condemned to the gladiatorial games (Latin damnatio in ludum) or to the mines (Latin damnatio in metallum). Recognized as the leading exemplar of humanitarianism and an outwardly simple legal act, it inspires one to ask questions about the intellectual and religious inspirations of the lawmaker. This allows one to consider the shape of the humanitas notion during the reign of Constantine the Great.
O mordach rytualnych i sprawie Bejlisa
Authors: Petrażycki Leon
Published: October 2018

tłumaczenie i komentarz – Zbigniew Cywiński
Jakość kształcenia a ekonomiczne losy absolwentów: Analiza przypadków
Authors: Rocki Marek
Published: October 2018

Przedmiotem niniejszego tekstu jest skonfrontowanie ekonomicznych losów absolwentów rocznika 2014 wybranych kierunków atypowych prowadzonych jako studia II stopnia z opiniami i informacjami zawartymi w raportach z wizytacji oraz w uchwałach Prezydium Polskiej Komisji Akredytacyjnej. Takie zestawienie posłuży do weryfikacji hipotezy głoszącej, że raporty i oceny PKA nie zawsze zawierają informacje, które mogłyby być pożyteczne w wyborze kierunku studiów.
Polskie nauki polityczne w perspektywie globalnej: paradoksy ewoluującej peryferyjności
Authors: Warczok Tomasz , Zarycki Tomasz
Published: October 2018

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do dyskusji nad półperyferyjnym charakterem systemów produkcji naukowej, dla której pretekstem była publikacja książki Gra peryferyjna Tomasza Warczoka i Tomasza Zaryckiego. Autorzy streszczają w nim jednocześnie najważniejsze kwestie poruszane w książce: relacyjne podejście do badań nauki inspirowane pracami Pierra Bourdieu i Immanuela Wallersteina, jak również dualny charakter polskich nauk politycznych.
Statistical Analysis of Common Mushroom Yielding from Cultivation Integrated with Preparations Containing Beneficial Microorganisms
Authors: Szwedziak Katarzyna , Polańczyk Ewa
Published: October 2018

The development of the common mushroom production sector in Poland and worldwide is accompanied by growing problems of mushroom producers. Production intensification, a constant increase of market expectations, and changing legal regulations, as well as consumers, lead to the situation that producers of common mushrooms have increasing problems associated with the cultivation technology. This situation, therefore, forces producers to look for new solutions. One of such solutions is integrated cultivation of the common mushroom with microbiological preparations. The effect of these preparations on mushroom yielding was investigated in this study.
Predicting Unit Pressure Indispendable for Generation of Specific Compaction of a Soil Sample
Authors: Śnieg Kinga , Błażejczak Dariusz , Słowik Małgorzata
Published: October 2018

The objective of the research was to construct an empirical model for prediction of a unit pressure indispensable for generation of a specific compaction of soil samples. Soil material in the form of loose mass was collected from the soil layer deposited in the depth from 35 to 40 cm and then its typical properties were determined (textural group, density of solid particles, humus content, reaction, plastic and liquid limits) and in order to compact it in Proctor apparatus and in the uniaxial compression test. Results of both tests were used for construction of regression models reflecting the course of the unit strength (Pρd) necessary to generate compaction (ρdj) equal to the dry bulk density obtained in Proctor apparatus (ρdp), in relation to the sample moisture (ρdm). Searching for relations was restricted to the scope of moisure between an optimal one acc. to Proctor and the soil plastic limit. It was stated that the pressure value Pρdp
made on the soil sample in the uniaxial compression test depends significantly on w
s and ρdm, and for description of this relation the use of multiple regression is sufficient. It was found out that for model samples with a textural group of silt loam and loam, differences in dry bulk density obtained in Proctor apparatus are approximately up to 0.15 g⋅cm−3.
Rapid Parametric Human Modeling in 3D Garment Simulation
Authors: Peng Jiajia , Jiang Gaoming , Cong Honglian
Published: October 2018

To realize 3D garment simulation online and show the wearing effect of different body types, a method for rapid parametric human modeling is proposed in this article. The parameterization consists of two phases. In the first phase, the characteristic parameters of the sample model are extracted according to the different types of feature information. In the second phase, the deformation is realized by combining the axial deformation method and the radial weight. Thus, according to contrasts between the input measurement and the sample sizes, parametric human modeling is realized by deformation of the sample model. In the deformation stage, the axis curve is simplified to the straight-line segment in the axis deformation method, reducing the calculation. Comparative analysis and the results of experiments demonstrate that the better performance can be achieved at a higher speed, and this method realizes real-time parametric human modeling.
Topographic attributes and ecological indicator values in assessing the ground-floor vegetation patterns
Authors: Czarnecka Bożenna , Rysiak Anna , Chabudziński Łukasz
Published: October 2018

The paper discusses the question whether geographical information systems (GIS) and digital elevation models (DEM) are useful tools for studying correlations between topographic attributes of a given area, and vascular flora requirements reflected by ecological indicator values (EIVs). The model object was a 4-km-long gorge section of the Sopot river valley (80.5 ha), the Central Roztocze Highlands, South-East Poland. Species lists for 40 ca. 200-m-long and 100-350-m-wide sections, according to the river course, separately for the left and right riverbanks, were made. The analysis of the area was based on a 3-meter resolution DEM. We applied primary topographic attributes: slope, and planar, vertical, and total curvatures and also secondary topographic attributes: solar radiation (SRAD) and topographic wetness index (TWI), as well as other terrain characters: denivelation, total, flat and upslope area of each section. Using the multivariate analyses, we analysed relationships between weighted averages of EIVs for each species and topographic attributes.

The GIS and DEM became useful tools for the detection of patterns of species with different habitat requirements. The species number correlated positively with the total and flat area of a section and the TWI, while the denivelation, mean slope and upslope area had a reverse vector. Among the most frequent and abundant herb species, we found several spatial patterns of distribution, namely those of: Maianthemum bifolium, Carex remota, C. acutiformis, Filipendula ulmaria, Dryopteris filixmas, and Urtica dioica. The rarest species represented Ajuga genevensis, Scorzonera humilis, and Stachys palustris patterns.
Genetic diversity of three European Veratrum species revealed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism
Authors: Szeliga Magdalena , Ciura Joanna , Tyrka Mirosław
Published: October 2018

Chemical and genetic characterization of Veratrum species deposited in European collections is important for genepool preservation and identification of populations with desired metabolic properties. Veratrum album, V. lobelianum and V. nigrum are native to Europe, and in Poland are ranked as rare or threatened. Genetic variation of European Veratrum species was characterized by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The accumulation of jervine as a representative of steroidal alkaloids was measured in seeds. Distribution of 380 markers generated from eight primer combinations was useful for studying genetic relationships among and within species in the Veratrum genus and the most divergent populations were identified. Genetic variation between 12 populations of Veratrum species supports the classification of V. lobelianum as a subspecies of V. album. However, the results need further validation on extended material. A higher genetic diversity (22.3%) was observed between populations of V. nigrum as compared to V. album (14.5%). Contents of jervine allowed for discrimination of the studied Veratrum species and can be used as a potential chemotaxonomic marker. The highest jervine levels were found in V. album. V. nigrum seeds had only trace amounts and no jervine was detected in seeds of V. lobelianum.
Metal contents in fish and crustaceans from brackish, freshwater and marine systems in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Olujimi Olanrewaju , Steiner Oliver , Goessler Walter
Published: October 2018

Present study investigated trace element concentrations in either muscles or whole samples of 37 finfish and crustaceans harvested with gillnet from fresh (Olomore), marine (Eti osa) and brackish (Lekki Lagoon) waters of Ogun and Lagos states, Nigeria between June and August 2013. Trace elements were determined using ICP-MS after digestion with a microwave autoclave system. The results revealed that the general trend of trace elements in the sampled finfish and crustaceans was marine > brackish > freshwater. If all the samples are considered, 16.2% and 13.5% exceeded the 20 μg g−1 and 30 μg g−1 limits for Cu and Zn, respectively, as set by the European Union, while 71%, 50%, 79% of marine, fresh and brackish samples, respectively, exceeded the limit of 48 mg Fe per 60 kg person as set by FAO/WHO. In addition, samples exceeded the acceptable limit set by WHO/FAO, thus adequate efforts should be placed on the monitoring of effluents that are being discharged into open water bodies in Nigeria.
Causal Concepts Guiding Model Specification in Systems Biology
Authors: Matthiessen Dana
Published: October 2018

In this paper I analyze the process by which modelers in systems biology arrive at an adequate representation of the biological structures thought to underlie data gathered from high-throughput experiments. Contrary to views that causal claims and explanations are rare in systems biology, I argue that in many studies of gene regulatory networks modelers aim at a representation of causal structure. In addressing modeling challenges, they draw on assumptions informed by theory and pragmatic considerations in a manner that is guided by an interventionist conception of causal structure. While doubts have been raised about the applicability of this notion of causality to complex biological systems, it is here seen to be an adequate guide to inquiry.
Defining Metabolic Syndrome: Which Kind of Causality, if any, is Required?
Authors: Benzi Margherita
Published: October 2018

The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been, and still is, extremely controversial. My purpose is not to give a solution to the associated debate but to argue that the controversy is at least partially due to the different ‘causal content’ of the various definitions: their theoretical validity and practical utility can be evaluated by reconstructing or making explicit the underlying causal structure. I will therefore propose to distinguish the alternative definitions according to the kinds of causal content they carry: (1) definitions grounded on associations, (2) definitions presupposing a causal model built upon statistical associations, and (3) definitions grounded on underlying mechanisms. I suggest that analysing definitions according to their causal content can be helpful in evaluating alternative definitions of some diseases. I want to show how the controversy over MetS suggests a distinction among three kinds of definitions based on how explicitly they characterise the syndrome in causal terms, and on the type of causality involved. I will call ‘type 1 definitions’ those definitions that are purely associative; ‘type 2 definitions’ the definitions based on statistical associations, plus generic medical and causal knowledge; and ‘type 3 definitions’ the definitions based on (hypotheses about) mechanisms. These kinds of definitions, although different, can be related to each other. A definition with more specific causal content may be useful in the evaluation of definitions characterised by a lower degree of causal specificity. Moreover, the identification of the type of causality involved is of help to constitute a good criterion for choosing among different definitions of a pathological entity.

In section (1) I introduce the controversy about MetS, in section (2) I propose some remarks about medical definitions and their ‘causal import’, and in section (3) I suggest that the different attitudes towards the definition of MetS are relevant to evaluate their explicative power.
Causality and the Modeling of the Measurement Process in Quantum Theory
Authors: de Ronde Christian
Published: October 2018

In this paper we provide a general account of the causal models which attempt to provide a solution to the famous measurement problem of Quantum Mechanics (QM). We will argue that—leaving aside instrumentalism which restricts the physical meaning of QM to the algorithmic prediction of measurement outcomes—the many interpretations which can be found in the literature can be distinguished through the way they model the measurement process, either in terms of theefficient causeor in terms of thefinal cause. We will discuss and analyze why both, ‘final cause’ and ‘efficient cause’ models, face severe difficulties to solve the measurement problem. In contradistinction to these schemes we will present a new model based on theimmanent causewhich, we will argue, provides an intuitive understanding of the measurement process in QM.
Patient groups, clinicians and healthcare professionals agree – all test results need to be seen, understood and followed up
Authors: Dahm Maria R. , Georgiou Andrew , Herkes Robert , Brown Anthony , Li Julie , Lindeman Robert , Horvath Andrea R. , Jones Graham , Legg Michael , Li Ling , Greenfield David , Westbrook Johanna I.
Published: October 2018

Background

Diagnostic testing provides integral information for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management of disease. Inadequate test result reporting and follow-up is a major risk to patient safety. Factors contributing to failure to follow-up test results include unclear delineation of responsibility about who is meant to act on a test result; poor coordination across different levels of care; and the absence of integrated health information systems for the efficient information communication.

Methods

A 2016 Australian Stakeholder Forum brought together over 30 representatives from 14 different consumer, clinical and management stakeholder organisations to discuss safe and effective test result communication, management and follow-up. Thematic analysis was conducted drawing on multimodal data collected in the form of observational fieldnotes and document artefacts produced by participants.

Results

The forum identified major challenges which pose immediate risks to patient safety. Participants recommended priorities for addressing issues relating to: (i) the governance of test result management processes; (ii) integration of health care processes through the utilisation of effective digital health solutions; and (iii) involving patients as key partners in the decision-making and care process.

Conclusions

Stakeholder groups diverged slightly in their priorities. Consumers highlighted the lack of patient involvement in the test result management process but were less concerned about standardisation of reports and critical result thresholds than pathologists. The forum foregrounded the need for a systems approach, capable of identifying and addressing interconnections and multiple factors that contribute to poor test result follow-up, with a strong emphasis on enhancing the contribution of patients.
A commercial laccase-mediator system to delignify and improve saccharification of the fast-growingPaulownia fortunei(Seem.) Hemsl.
Authors: Rencoret Jorge , Pereira Antonio , Marques Gisela , del Río José Carlos , Martínez Ángel T. , Gutiérrez Ana
Published: October 2018

It was demonstrated for the first time that a laccase-based enzymatic pretreatment is able to delignify fast-growing paulownia species. The treatment was performed with a commercial low-redox potential laccase isolated fromMyceliophthora thermophila(Apinis) Oorschot and methyl syringate (MeS) as a natural phenolic mediator. Up to 24% lignin removal was attained by the laccase-MeS treatment (L/MeS), followed by alkaline peroxide extraction in a multistage sequence. The reduction in lignin content was accompanied by a significant improvement in the subsequent enzymatic saccharification, with increases of up to 38% glucose and 34% xylose yields. The structural modifications of the lignin were analyzedin situby two dimensional-nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) spectroscopy. A considerable removal of guaiacyl and syringyl lignin units with respect to the carbohydrate signals was visible as well as the cleavage of β-O-4′, β-5′ and β-β′ linkages leading to elevated amounts of Cα-oxidized guaiacyl and syringyl units. The presence of oxidized lignin compounds in the filtrates of the enzymatic treatments – such as vanillin, vanillic acid, syringaldehyde and syringic acid – conclusively demonstrates the ability of L/MeS treatment to oxidize and depolymerize the lignin in paulownia wood.
The Problematic Non-Western cosmopolitanism in Africa today: Grappling with A modernity outside history
Authors: Chan Stephen
Published: October 2018

The question, ‘can Africa deal with a postcoloniality without reference to the colonising metropole?’ neglects that Africa must deal with many powers that were not colonisers. Dealing with China requires a relationship outside the period of formal colonial rule, and requires a new cosmopolitanism that can be difficult, yet vibrant.
Statistical analysis for the impact of smoking on the behavior and health of Qatari adolescents
Authors: Abdel-Salam Abdel-Salam G. , Ramzan Mahjabeen , Siddiqui Zainab
Published: October 2018

The links between the use of tobacco and health risks are well known. Most of the younger smokers reside in Asia which includes Qatar, the focus country of this study. Cigarette smoking among children is rising at an alarming rate worldwide including Qatar. As youth make up a significant percentage of the population and to achieve the health objectives of the Qatar Vision 2030, it is essential to ensure the health and well-being of adolescents, as they are the future of Qatar. This study focuses on exploring the patterns of tobacco use and its impacts on the adolescents by conducting a survey in different schools across Qatar. The questionnaire was administered in five schools, selected by proportional random sampling. The responses were recorded from the sample for general questions regarding interest in physical activities, relationship with family and friends, mental satisfaction, health, academics and access to cigarettes.
Gas Phase Back-Mixing in a Mimicked Fischer-Tropsch Slurry Bubble Column Using an Advanced Gaseous Tracer Technique
Authors: Han Lu , Said Ibrahim A. , Al-Dahhan Muthanna H.
Published: October 2018

An advanced gaseous tracer technique and procedures were developed and executed to study for the first time the axial dispersion of the gas phase in a slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR) using air-C9C11-FT catalyst. Residence time distribution (RTD) curves were obtained by measuring the pulse-input’s response of the gaseous tracer. The gas phase axial dispersion coefficient (Dg) was obtained from minimum square error fit of the one-dimensional axial dispersion model to the measured tracer response data. The effects of solids loading on the axial dispersion of gas phase and the overall gas holdup have been studied. It was demonstrated that increasing solids loading improves the gas axial dispersion while decreasing the overall gas holdup. This work suggests that gas phase axial dispersion is significant in reactor performance evaluation of bubble columns or slurry bubble columns.
Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium by Eucalyptus camaldulensis bark/maghemite Nano Composite
Authors: Erkurt Fatma Elcin , Balci Behzat , Turan Emine Su
Published: October 2018

In the present study, Eucalyptus camaldulensis bark/maghemite composite (ECMC) was used for potential application as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The structural characterization, morphology and elemental analysis of ECMC were performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The effects of various independent parameters, contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, temperature, pH, and adsorption were investigated. It was found that the adsorption capacity of ECMC increases with increasing Cr(VI) concentration and temperature. The optimum pH was found to be 2 for the removal of Cr(VI) by ECMC. The adsorption capacity was found to be 70.1 mg/g with 0.1 g ECMC at pH 2 and 30 °C. Additionally, 10 and 50 mg/L Cr(VI) were removed from 100 mL aqueous solution by 0.1 g ECMC with 99 % and 93.46 % removal efficiencies, respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Jovanovic, Smith, Koble Korringen, Vieth-Sladek and Sips Isotherm Models were applied to the experimental data to understand the adsorption mechanism better. The Freundlich Isotherm Model described the adsorption process better (R2 = 0.991) among the other isotherms studied.
Nonlinear Wave Modulation in Nanorods Using Nonlocal Elasticity Theory
Authors: Gaygusuzoglu Guler , Aydogdu Metin , Gul Ufuk
Published: October 2018

In this study, nonlinear wave modulation in nanorods is examined on the basis of nonlocal elasticity theory. Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory is employed to derive nonlinear equations for the motion of nanorods. The analysis of the modulation of axial waves in nonlocal elastic media is performed, and the reductive perturbation method is used for the solution of the nonlinear equations. The propagation of weakly nonlinear and strongly dispersive waves is investigated, and the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation is acquired as an evolution equation. For the purpose of a numerical investigation of the nonlocal impacts on the NLS equation, it has been investigated whether envelope solitary wave solutions exist by utilizing the physical and geometric features of the carbon nanotubes. Amplitude dependent wave frequencies, phase and group velocities have been obtained and they have compared for the linear local, the linear nonlocal, the nonlinear local and the nonlinear nonlocal cases.
Dhoch3: Online-Studienmodule für die Deutschlehrerausbildung an Hochschulen weltweit: kulturspezifische Modifizierbarkeit und Anwendung im Blended-Learning-Format
Authors: Schmäling Benjamin
Published: October 2018

Das Interesse an Deutsch hat in den vergangenen Jahren in vielen Regionen der Welt wieder zugenommen. Der gestiegenen Nachfrage steht dabei nicht selten ein Mangel an entsprechend qualifiziertem Lehrpersonal gegenüber. Vor diesem Hintergrund entwickelt der Deutsche Akademische Austauschdienst (DAAD) im Rahmen des Projekts Dhoch3 gemeinsam mit deutschen Universitäten Online-Studienmodule, die für den weltweiten Einsatz in der akademischen Ausbildung künftiger Deutschlehrender konzipiert sind. Der kulturspezifischen Modifizierbarkeit kommt in diesem Zusammenhang eine herausgehobene Bedeutung zu. Sie manifestiert sich bei Dhoch3 in den drei zentralen Charakteristika Komplementarität, Adaptierbarkeit und Offenheit, auf die nach einer Verortung des Projekts im Kontext des beschriebenen Trends näher eingegangen wird. Um die vor diesem Hintergrund vielfältigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten greifbarer zu machen, wird sodann ein theoretisch fundierter Vorschlag zur Gestaltung eines Blended-Learning-Arrangements gemacht, der als eine Möglichkeit der Umsetzung unter vielen gelesen werden kann.
A Modified Jaya Algorithm for Mixed-Variable Optimization Problems
Authors: Singh Prem , Chaudhary Himanshu
Published: October 2018

Mixed-variable optimization problems consist of the continuous, integer, and discrete variables generally used in various engineering optimization problems. These variables increase the computational cost and complexity of optimization problems due to the handling of variables. Moreover, there are few optimization algorithms that give a globally optimal solution for non-differential and non-convex objective functions. Initially, the Jaya algorithm has been developed for continuous variable optimization problems. In this paper, the Jaya algorithm is further extended for solving mixed-variable optimization problems. In the proposed algorithm, continuous variables remain in the continuous domain while continuous domains of discrete and integer variables are converted into discrete and integer domains applying bound constraint of the middle point of corresponding two consecutive values of discrete and integer variables. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through examples of mixed-variable optimization problems taken from previous research works, and optimum solutions are validated with other mixed-variable optimization algorithms. The proposed algorithm is also applied to two-plane balancing of the unbalanced rigid threshing rotor, using the number of balance masses on plane 1 and plane 2. It is found that the proposed algorithm is computationally more efficient and easier to use than other mixed optimization techniques.
Carotid intima media thickness and associations with serum osteoprotegerin and s-RANKL in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus with increased risk for endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Karavanaki Kyriaki , Tsouvalas Emmanouil , Vakaki Marina , Soldatou Alexandra , Tsentidis Charalambos , Kaparos George , Augoulea Areti , Alexandrou Andreas , Lambrinoudaki Ιrene
Published: October 2018

Background

Although carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is an established marker of endothelial dysfunction, limited data exist on relative laboratory biomarkers in youngsters with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Our aim was to study CIMT and the biomarkers of the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/RANKL system in young T1DM patients and controls, and also in subgroups of patients with increased risk for endothelial dysfunction, such as those with overweight/obesity, poor metabolic control or the presence of microalbuminuria.

Methods

CIMT and OPG/RANKL of 56 T1DM children and adolescents were compared to 28 healthy controls.

Results

Anthropometric, laboratory, CIMT and OPG/RANKL measurements were similar between patients and controls. Overweight/obese patients had greater CIMT than the normal weight ones (0.50 vs. 0.44 mm, p=0.001). Microalbuminuric patients had greater CIMT (0.49 vs. 0.44 mm, p=0.035) than the normoalbuminuric ones, with no difference in terms of OPG/RANKL. In the microalbuminuric group, OPG (r=−0.90, p=0.036) and RANKL (r=−0.92, p=0.024) were significantly negatively associated with CIMT. Following linear regression analysis, in the total patients group, microalbuminuria was the only factor significantly associated with CIMT (beta±SE: 0.050±0.021, p=0.035), body mass index (BMI)-z-scores were negatively associated with OPG (beta±SE: −0.25±0.12, p=0.05), while in the microalbuminuric group, CIMT was negatively associated with OPG (beta±SE: −0.070±0.019, p=0.036). During the forward stepwise procedure, microalbuminuria and age were the only variables negatively associated with RANKL (b=−0.334, p=0.034, b=−35.95, p=0.013, respectively).

Conclusions

In T1DM pediatric patients, overweight/obesity and microalbuminuria were associated with greater CIMT and with impaired OPG/RANKL levels, as biochemical indices of calcification of the atherosclerotic plaque.
Update on uterine tachysystole
Authors: Hobson Sebastian Rupert , Abdelmalek Merihan Zarif , Farine Dan
Published: October 2018

Uterine tachysystole (TS) is a potentially significant intrapartum complication seen most commonly in induced or augmented labors but may also occur in women with spontaneous labor. When it occurs, maternal and perinatal complications can arise if not identified and managed promptly by obstetric care providers. Over recent years, new definitions of the condition have facilitated further research into the field, which has been synthesized to inform clinical management guidelines and protocols. We propose a set of recommendations pertaining to TS in line with contemporary evidence and obstetric practice.
Complex predicates in Betta Kurumba
Authors: Coelho Gail
Published: October 2018

This paper discusses various types of complex predicates found in Betta Kurumba, a South Dravidian language spoken in southern India. The constructions discussed include causativising and valency-modifying affixes, phrasal compound verbs, and compound verb stems. Compound verb stems are unusual for the language area, as they combine verb roots word-internally rather than as independent words, and have undergone varying degrees of grammaticalization. The origin of the compound verb stem construction is investigated, with the paper demonstrating that this construction was also originally a phrasal structure containing separate verb words. In addition, the history of valency modification and compound verb stem formation is shown to have contributed to the structure of simplex verb words in this language.
Ein Plädoyer für die Redekunst
Authors: Bittrich Ursula
Published: October 2018

The article focuses on two selected instances that reveal in an especially poignant manner the methods employed by Aristides to tackle Plato’s attack on oratory in his speech In Defence of Rhetoric. First, it looks at how Aristides is at pains to turn Plato’s reproach in the Gorgias that rhetoric is not an art into an advantage by trying to transfer to oratory the idea of divine inspiration that in Platonic dialogues such as Phaedrus and Ion is connected with poetry. A self-admonitory passage that Aristides uses to finish up an excursus on his experience of divine intervention during his numerous stays at the sanctuaries of Asclepius and Serapis is subject to special scrutiny: it turns out that a sufficiently early manuscript, which has been dated to the 11th c. AD, viz. Parisinus graecus 2950, yields a useful variante (unfortunately misread by Behr in his critical apparatus) that vividly depicts Plato’s role as the driving force behind the previous iatromantic excursus. Second, Aristides’ idea of two kinds of rhetoric is explored, with a special focus on a passage where two hitherto neglected manuscripts, viz. Marc. graec. 424 and Ath. Iv. 163 (both 14th c. AD) alongside two other textual witnesses yield a variante that brings out to the full the meaning of an otherwise rather pointless remark: Aristides states that Plato justly slandered rhetoric (κακῶς instead of καλῶς εἰρήκει), if one takes into account that he slandered not the true, but the apparent one. Overall, the article shows that the scope of In Defence of Rhetoric is not destructive criticism. In harmony with a general tendency of the Second Sophistic, Aristides rather aims at claiming Plato, “the father and teacher of the rhetoricians”, as a representative of his own discipline.
Synthesis and crystal structure of bis(μ2-acetato-κ2
O:O′)–bis(μ2–(8-(2-oxidophenyl)-3,6-dioxa-2,7-diazaocta-1,7-dien-1-yl)naphthalen-2-olato-κ6
O:O,N,N′,O′:O′)tricobalt(II), C44H38Co3N4O12
Authors: Ren Zong-Li , Mu Hao-Ran , An Xiao-Xin , Peng Yun-Dong , Dong Wen-Kui
Published: October 2018

C44H38Co3N4O12, monoclinic, C12/c1 (no. 15), a = 16.1982(8) Å, b = 14.1334(7) Å, c = 18.7433(11) Å, β = 107.916(6)°, V = 4082.9(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0639, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1538, T = 173.00(10) K.
Crystal structure of poly[dodekais(μ2-2,6-difluorobenzoato-κ2
O:O′)-bis((μ3-hexamethylenetetramine-κ3
N:N′:N′′)hexacopper(II)], C48H30N4O12F12Cu3
Authors: Wei Xiao , Aiqin Dong , Guang-Ming Bao , Xiong-Xin Peng , Ting-Ting Sun , Chun-Yan Hu , Hou-Qun Yuan
Published: October 2018

C48H30N4O12F12Cu3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.9112(5) Å, b = 28.1127(6) Å, c = 14.2324(5) Å, β = 110.665(4)°, V = 4833.5(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0489, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1108, T = 173(10) K.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-di-μ2-hydroxido-(μ4-3,4,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,2-phthalato-κ4
O:O′:O′′:O′′′)-(μ4-3,4,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,2-phthalato-κ5
O,O:O′:O′′:O′′′)disamarium(III)] – bipyridine (2/1), C21H11NF16O12Sm2
Authors: Feng Xun , Wang Rui , Wang Xin Yi , Zhang Ying Ying , Jia Xi Xi
Published: October 2018

C21H11NF16O12Sm2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.7872(5) Å, b = 9.9149(6) Å, c = 16.9804(10) Å, α = 79.4970(10)°, β = 76.8620(10)°, γ = 78.1480(10)°, V = 1236.80(13) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0411, wR
ref(F2) = 0.1158, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of [5,5′-((propane-1,3-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(ethan-1-yl-2-ylidene))bis(3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,4-dimethylpyrrol-1-ido)-κ4
N,N′,N′′,N′′′]nickel(II), C23H30N4O4Ni
Authors: Li Ming , Wu Jiang-Bin , Zong Hai-Tao , Wu Wei-Na
Published: October 2018

C23H30N4O4Ni, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.5883(9) Å, b = 12.3110(15) Å, c = 12.7718(15) Å, α = 95.621(2)°, β = 99.908(2)°, γ = 101.30(2)°, V = 1141.8(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0433, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1239, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of (2,2′-bipyridine-κ2
N,N′)bis(tri(p-tolyl)phosphine-κP)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate – 4,4′-bipyridine (2/1), C57H54BCuF4N3P2
Authors: Fazal Atif , Fettouhi Mohammed
Published: October 2018

C57H54BCuF4N3P2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.6379(12) Å, b = 20.173(2) Å, c = 21.786(2) Å, β = 97.270(2)°, V = 5073.5(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0440, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1283, T = 298(2) K.
Impact of ohmic heating on MHD mixed convection flow of Casson fluid by considering Cross diffusion effect
Authors: Gireesha B.J. , Ganesh Kumar K. , Krishnamurthy M.R. , Manjunatha S. , Rudraswamy N.G.
Published: October 2018

Present communication aims to discuss the impact of viscous dissipation on MHD flow, heat and mass transfer of Casson fluid over a plate by considering mixed convection. Nonlinear partial differential systems are reduced to the ordinary ones through transformation procedure. The modelled nonlinear systems are computed implementing RKF-45 scheme. Convergent solutions for velocity and temperature and concentration fields are given diagrammatically. The obtained results are compared with published literatures and reasonable agreement is found. It is found that, temperature profile increases by increasing values of Dufour parameter, whereas on opposite trend is observed in concentration profile for increasing values Soret parameter.
Der griechische Bürgerkrieg 1946 bis 1949. Ereignisse und Erinnerungen / The Greek Civil War 1946 to 1949. Facts and Memories
Authors: Auernheimer Gustav
Published: October 2018

This article is dealing with an important chapter in the history of Greece that has hitherto received very little attention by the German research community: the Greek civil war from 1947 to 1949, whose consequences left their mark on the Greek society for a long time. The topic has to be addressed through its classification in two contexts. First in a historical context that comprises the past history and foremost the conflicts without which the armed struggle probably would not have erupted. This also includes the posthistory and the dealings with the civil war in the memory culture and politics of history, from the 1950s to the present time. A comparison with a, in some respects, similar development concerning the Spanish civil war further examines the Greek example. The second context is a theoretical one. Although research rather tends to neglect civil wars vis-a-vis wars between states, there numerous approaches to the topic of civil wars, some of which are dealt with in this article. The summary examines to which degree they apply in the case of Greece.
Herrschaft, Territorium, Grenze. Die mittelalterliche Walachei im Fokus der modernen rumänischen Historiographie / Governance, Territory, Frontier. Medieval Wallachia in the Focus of Modern Romanian Historiography
Authors: Ursprung Daniel
Published: October 2018

The text reviews the book by Marian Coman on Power and territory in medieval Wallachia. The book shows that Wallachia before the late 16th century has not been organised on the basis of territoriality. The power of its rulers was rather based on a network of social links. Medieval Wallachia did not have clear-cut borders, but rather diffuse frontier-zones that were not closed than in the late 16th century. The author presents detailed research of the three frontier-zones of Wallachia: the frontier towards neighboring Moldavia, the Carpathian frontier bordering Transylvania, and the Danube, separating Wallachia from the Ottoman Empire, at least symbolically.
Studie über den Einfluss des Fluorierungsgrades an einem tetradentaten C^N*N^C-Luminophor auf die photophysikalischen Eigenschaften seiner Platin(II)-Komplexe und deren Aggregation
Authors: Wilde Sebastian , Stegemann Linda , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Koch Tobias , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Strassert Cristian A.
Published: October 2018

Herein, we present three new tetradentate C^N*N^C luminophores and their platinum(II) complexes. We describe the influence of the degree of fluorination at the phenylpyridine luminophore on the photophysical properties of the monomeric species. A blue-shift can be observed with increasing number of fluorine atoms (0–6), which is related to a growing HOMO-LUMO gap that reaches a maximum for four halogen moieties. Increasing degree of fluorination enables intermolecular Pt–Pt interactions and promotes emission from 3MMLCT states in amorphous solids and matrices, with the drawback of lowered solubility. A clear trend towards layered packing patterns in crystals has been observed within the series. This knowledge is important for the design and realization of triplet emitters with aggregation-controlled luminescence towards potential applications in optoelectronic devices.