bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential for local communities in rural areas: sustainable development of prison siting in South Korea
Authors: Park Eun Joo , Baek Jin
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Correctional facilities often constitute locally unwanted land use (LULUs), with local residents strongly demanding their relocation. Accordingly, the construction of correctional facilities is currently being promoted in regions that are far from city centres. Some local government officials consider relocating correctional facilities to rural areas as a golden opportunity to revitalise the economies of these areas. This paper focuses on the possibilities of local community participation in the sustainable development of prison siting in rural areas.

Design/methodology/approach

The methods and procedure of this study are as follows: (1) to review the relevant literature about regulations or cohesion policies when correctional facilities are constructed, (2) to examine the current issues relating to the conflict between correctional facilities and the local community from the perspective of LULUs and (3) to compare the construction processes of correctional facilities and public buildings in South Korea. The latter focuses on Daegu Correctional Facility as a site study through which to investigate how the facility interacted with the local community when the government decided to locate the correctional facility in a rural area.

Findings

The case study confirmed that communication methods between correctional facilities and stakeholders at each stage affected the occurrence and resolution of conflicts between them. In particular, it was found that correctional facilities in rural areas can transform the characteristics of the community by providing an open facility that serves community needs and boosts the local economy.

Originality/value

This study contributes to a new vision for locating correctional facilities, wherein conflicts are resolved through communication with local communities in rural regions. In addition, the study argues that community participation could allow correctional facilities to function as living hubs in the community and so benefit the residents of rural areas.
User profiling and role evaluation of government microbloggers in the context of public emergencies
Authors: An Lu , Shen Yan , Tao Yanfang , Li Gang , Yu Chuanming
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to profile the government microbloggers and evaluate their roles. The results can help improve the governments' response capability to public emergencies.

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposes the user profiling and role evaluation model of government microbloggers in the context of public emergencies. The indicators are designed from the four dimensions of time, content, scale and influence, and the feature labels are identified. Three different public emergencies were investigated, including the West Africa Ebola outbreak, the Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak and the Shandong vaccine case in China.

Findings

The results found that most government microbloggers were follower responders, short-term participants, originators, occasional participants and low influencers. The role distribution of government microbloggers was highly concentrated. However, in terms of individual profiles, the role of a government microblogger varied with events.

Social implications

The findings can provide a reference for the performance assessment of the government microbloggers in the context of public emergencies and help them improve their ability to communicate with the public and respond to public emergencies.

Originality/value

By analyzing the performance of government microbloggers from the four dimensions of time, content, scale and influence, this paper fills the gap in existing literature on designing the user profiling and role evaluation model of government microbloggers in the context of public emergencies.
Tourism competitiveness measurement. A perspective from Central America and Caribbean destinations
Authors: Pérez León Víctor Ernesto , Guerrero Flor Mª , Caballero Rafael
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to present diverse proposals for the measurement of tourism destination competitiveness that serve as alternatives to the travel and tourism competitiveness index (TTCI).

Design/methodology/approach

The proposal includes principal component analysis, the DP2-distance method, goal programming, data envelopment analysis and the Borda count. The study evaluates 17 destinations from Central America and the Caribbean.

Findings

These include the feasibility that the methodologies provide reliable competitiveness rankings and the possibility of using less information due to the strength of the statistical methodologies. International tourist arrivals, income from international tourism and travel and tourism contribution to the gross domestic product could be used as approximations of tourism destination competitiveness.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation is the absence of major destinations from the region that constitutes fierce competitors.

Practical implications

New aggregation methods can build composite indicators for competitiveness measurement and their presentation in a more comprehensible way.

Social implications

The results serve as an alternative for countries that have yet to be considered in international tourism competitiveness comparisons.

Originality/value

A better explanatory power of the proposed index is given, thanks to their decomposition capacity and the reduction of the limitations of the original TTCI. Moreover, the proposals facilitate the inclusion of external information or the execution of a completely objective methodology.
Efficacy and safety of risankizumab in Japanese patients with generalized pustular psoriasis or erythrodermic psoriasis: Primary analysis and 180‐week follow‐up results from the phase 3, multicenter IMMspire study
Authors: Yamanaka Keiichi , Okubo Yukari , Yasuda Ikuko , Saito Nobuo , Messina Izabella , Morita Akimichi
Published: December 2022

Risankizumab, a humanized immunoglobin G1 monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits interleukin 23 by binding to its p19 subunit, is approved in Japan to treat numerous indications, including generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) and erythrodermic psoriasis (EP). Both GPP and EP are severe forms of psoriasis that have limited treatment options. In IMMspire (A Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Two Different Dose Regimens of Risankizumab Administered Subcutaneously in Japanese Subjects With Generalized Pustular Psoriasis or Erythrodermic Psoriasis) (NCT03022045), a phase 3, randomized, multicenter study in Japan, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of risankizumab for Japanese adults with GPP or EP. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive open‐label risankizumab 75 mg or 150 mg at weeks 0 and 4 and every 12 weeks thereafter through week 160. The primary efficacy end point was GPP or EP clinical response at week 16. Other efficacy end points included GPP or EP clinical response, ≥90% improvement from baseline in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90) and Dermatology Life Quality Index of 0 or 1 (DLQI 0/1) through 180 weeks (last follow‐up visit). Safety was assessed throughout. A total of 17 patients (eight with GPP and nine with EP) were enrolled. All patients achieved the primary end point of GPP or EP clinical response at week 16. Among patients continuing risankizumab treatment, achievement of GPP or EP clinical response, PASI 90 and DLQI 0/1 were generally sustained throughout the treatment. The safety profile remained consistent with the safety profiles noted in previous risankizumab studies. Risankizumab demonstrated clinically meaningful efficacy at week 16, with durable efficacy and a favorable long‐term safety profile in Japanese patients with GPP or EP.
Sustaining relational subjectivity: The experience of women with dementia
Authors: Tolhurst Edward , Weicht Bernhard , Runacres Jessica
Published: December 2022

The experience of dementia can only be understood adequately if the influence of gender is fully recognised. Research accounts have, however, tended to portray dementia in gender‐neutral terms. This qualitative research study aims to redress this imbalance by investigating the gendered experience of women with dementia. The research addressed women’s negotiation of relationships with spousal partners, other family members, professionals, support groups and services. The study included 10 mixed‐sex spousal couples in which the woman had been diagnosed with dementia. Women took part in semi‐structured joint interviews alongside their partners. This research focuses on the responses provided by the women with dementia within these interviews. Four principal themes were identified within the data: upholding gendered subjectivities; the broader relational context; closer networks; and gendered care relationships. These themes elucidate the challenges women face in sustaining relational subjectivity via the spousal relationship and wider social associations while also dealing with the cognitive impacts of dementia. The article concludes by highlighting that a more nuanced social scientific perspective on dementia is required that acknowledges the complexity of gendered experience. This can assist policymakers and practitioners to tailor support to meet the requirements of women with dementia.
The people as ‘Volk’ or ‘Bürger’? The implications of ethnic and civic conceptions of the people for the measurement of populist attitudes
Authors: MEIJERS MAURITS J. , VAN DER VELDEN MARIKEN A.C.G.
Published: December 2022

Populists believe in the sovereignty of the people. Yet, the people can be construed in ethnic terms or in civic terms. Using a novel wording experiment in Germany (N = 7,034), we examine whether ethnic or civic conceptions of ‘the people’ affect respondents' adherence to key populist attitude items. ‘Volk’ in German has an ethno‐nationalist connotation and has been used throughout history to signify ‘ethnic Germans’. The concept ‘Bürger’, or citizens, by contrast, lacks an ethnic undercurrent. Similar ethnic connotations of ‘the people’ are also common in other languages. We find that there are statistically significant differences between items framed in an ethnic and a civic manner – and that this differs per item. This relationship is significantly moderated by respondents' degree of exclusive national identity and voting behaviour for the radical right. Our findings suggest that the way in which the people is conceptualized has important implications for the measurement of populist attitudes. When populist attitudes are measured with an ethnic understanding of the ‘the people’, the construct is biased towards right‐wing populism, inhibiting the measurement of populism as a ‘thin ideology’. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of careful translations in comparative research, since some translated synonyms carry different semantic meanings and thereby change the concept under investigation.
Lenders’ pricing strategy: Do neighborhood risks matter?
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Deng Yongheng , He Jia , Wang Yonglin , Zhang Qi
Published: December 2022

This article explores the different pricing strategies of lenders who originate both government‐sponsored enterprise (GSE) and non‐GSE loans. We find that conditional on loan and borrower characteristics and some observable local economic factors, mortgage rates on GSE loans vary significantly across regions. However, we observe no sizable regional variation in loan amounts or default risk. By contrast, the mortgage rates on non‐GSE loans depend almost entirely on borrowers and loan characteristics. In addition, we find that spatial variations in GSE mortgage rates are highly responsive to regional prepayment risk. Our results are robust to various controls for neighborhood characteristics, including regional‐level bank competition, borrower accessibility to mortgages, and household income levels. Overall, the findings offer a novel insight into how lenders adjust pricing strategies in response to a changing lending environment. The results provide implications relating to the present and imminent dangers of housing bubbles and the intensified refinancing wave following the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Front‐of‐package nutrition labeling as a driver for healthier food choices: Lessons learned and future perspectives
Authors: Batista Mariana Frazão , de Carvalho‐Ferreira Joana Pereira , Thimoteo da Cunha Diogo , De Rosso Veridiana Vera
Published: December 2022

This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the use of front‐of‐package nutritional labeling (FOPL), identify and characterize the major existing FOPL systems, examine the impact of FOPL systems on consumer behavior, and discuss future perspectives. The searched databases were PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and papers in English, Portuguese, Spanish, and French were considered. The integrative review method was used, comprising 68 papers. The FOPL system from more than 47 countries from North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Australia, and Asia was included in this study. The two main ways to characterize FOPL are the level of interpretation and the type of information provided. Interpretive schemes (such as warning labels, multiple traffic lights, and Nutri‐Score) appear to lead to better consumer understanding and support healthier food purchases. However, due to the differences among the results and the specificity of the contexts in which they are used, it is impossible to define one FOPL interpretation scheme superior to the others. Some potential factors that influence the effectiveness of FOPL on consumer attitudes have been identified, such as food taste, as a major intrinsic factor. Extrinsic factors, such as price, food category, cultural diversity, politics, and economics, were also relevant. The lack of availability of similar alternatives, lack of understanding of the importance of FOPL, and lower levels of income and education were also some cognitive and social aspects impairing FOPL effectiveness. Prospects for the United States, Europe, Brazil, Colombia, and Argentina were discussed.
Use of legume flours and fiber for tailoring structure and texture of pea protein‐based extruded meat alternatives
Authors: Webb Delaney , Dogan Hulya , Li Yonghui , Alavi Sajid
Published: December 2022

The overall objective of this study was to understand texturization of pea protein isolate (PPI) using low moisture extrusion, and investigate protein interactions, functionality, and cross‐linking with the inclusion of different levels of pea fiber (5–15%) and different types of starch‐containing legume flours (20% chickpea flour or pea flour). PPI/ legume flour raw formulations had 18–27% lower water absorption capacity (WAC) as compared to the PPI control. However, WAC increased by 8–16% with the addition of pea fiber to a PPI/ legume flour control. Rapid Visco Analysis trends mirrored these results with peak viscosity shifting to higher temperatures with the addition of legume flour and lower temperatures with the addition of pea fiber. The role of starch in interfering with protein hydrophilic interactions and that of fiber in decoupling this effect were discussed. These interactions determined extruded textured protein properties, with more layering and denser products (174–229% higher bulk density as compared to control) observed with the addition of legume flours leading to lower water hydration capacity (WHC), as opposed to more cellular and porous microstructure (55–58% lower bulk density as compared to control) with the addition of fiber. Bulk density and WHC trends due to these porosity and layering effects impacted the instrumental texture characteristics of ground hydrated product, including hardness that increased from 475 g to 837–2334 g with the higher layering caused by starch, but decreased from 1295 g to 534–1050 g due to the porosity induced by fiber. To summarize, the use of legume flours and fiber can allow flexibility in targeting specific qualities while reducing costs and increasing sustainability of plant‐based meats.

Practical Application

Health, environment, and animal welfare concerns are creating a growing movement toward plant‐based meat. Pea protein isolate and concentrate have become popular ingredients for texturized plant protein. Understanding of the role of starch and fiber in the structuring of textured pea protein could lead to use of legume flours and co‐products of protein isolation to reduce cost and increase sustainability and nutrition of meat alternatives while targeting desired textural attributes.
The short‐long‐short‐short sequence and polymorphic ventricular tachycardias storm
Authors: Liu Qifang , Li Jun , Yang Long
Published: December 2022

We described a case of a patient who developed repetitive episodes of polymorphic ventricular tachycardias with a stereotypical pattern of initiation. A short‐long‐short‐short (S‐L‐S‐S) cardiac cycle sequence preceded all episodes and was considered to be the underlying initiative mechanism for these fatal arrhythmic events. In the patient, the paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was responsible for S‐L‐S‐S sequence. It had been suggested that the electrophysiological mechanism by which the S‐L‐S‐S cardiac sequence induces ventricular tachyarrhythmias was reentrant excitation, not early afterdepolarization and triggered activity. Early attempts to restore and maintain sinus rhythm by administration of antiarrhythmic drug with amiodarone, the patient experienced no atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia recurrence.
Bidirectional 5‐year risks of diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and/or ocular hypertension: Results from a national screening programme
Authors: Sperling Signe , Stokholm Lonny , Thykjær Anne Suhr , Pedersen Frederik Nørregaard , Möller Sören , Laugesen Caroline Schmidt , Andersen Nis , Andresen Jens , Bek Toke , la Cour Morten , Hajari Javad , Heegaard Steffen , Højlund Kurt , Kawasaki Ryo , Kolko Miriam , Schielke Katja Christina , Rubin Katrine Hass , Vestergaard Anders Højslet , Grauslund Jakob
Published: December 2022

Purpose

We aimed to investigate if diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma and/or ocular hypertension (OHT) are prospectively linked, as previous studies have proposed cross‐sectional associations, but longitudinal data from larger cohorts are lacking.

Methods

We performed a bidirectional 5 years prospective, registry‐based cohort study. We extracted data from national registers, including the Danish Registry of Diabetic Retinopathy, the Danish Civil Registration System, the Danish National Patient Register and the Danish National Prescription Registry. DR level was defined by the highest level of the two eyes. Glaucoma and/or OHT was defined by diagnostic codes (H40*) or at least three redeemed prescriptions of glaucoma medication (S01E*) within 1 year.

We included 205 970 persons with diabetes and 1 003 170 age‐ and gender‐matched non‐diabetes controls. Exposures were level‐specific DR (i) and glaucoma and/or OHT (ii), and outcomes were hazard ratios (HRs) for 5 years incident glaucoma and/or OHT (i) and DR (ii).

Results

Persons with diabetes were more likely to develop glaucoma and/or OHT (multivariable adjusted HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06–1.15), but this did not depend on the level of DR. In persons with diabetes, those with glaucoma and/or OHT were more likely to develop DR (multivariable adjusted HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.23) within 5 years.

Conclusion

In a national cohort, diabetes associated with a little higher risk of upcoming glaucoma and/or OHT, and, inversely, the presence of the latter predicted a higher risk of incident DR. Nevertheless, our data do not seem to justify including glaucoma evaluation in the national Danish DR‐screening programme.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm and exfoliation syndrome in Utah
Authors: Patil Ayesha , Conley Matthew , Pompoco Christian , Paulson Chase , Taylor Samuel , Swiston Cole , Herrick Jennifer S. , Ritch Robert , Curtin Karen , Wirostko Barbara
Published: December 2022

Purpose

A pilot study of electronic medical records (EMR) in Utah was undertaken to investigate exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma (XFS/XFG) in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients. In a subsequent retrospective cohort study of Utah XFS/XFG patients and population controls, the risk of AAA was examined.

Methods

EMR of a statewide healthcare population were obtained from the Utah Population Database (UPDB) which links decades of medical records with Utah demographic and vital records data. In a pilot study, 7167 patients ages ≥40 years identified with AAA diagnosed from 1996 to 2015, based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) version 9/10 codes, were included. A univariable hazards model was used to determine the risk of XFS/XFG in AAA patients. An XFS/XFG outcome based on ICD 9/10 codes in AAA patients and in 5:1 sex‐ and age‐matched non‐AAA controls was determined. A retrospective cohort of 3412 XFS/XFG patients ages ≥50 years diagnosed from 1996 to 2020 and 10 227 3:1 sex‐ and age‐matched controls who underwent ≥1 dilated eye examination(s) were recently identified and updated diagnoses of AAA were obtained. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate AAA risk in XFS/XFG patients compared with controls. In a subset of XFS/XFG patients, chart reviews were conducted to confirm clinically diagnosed AAA.

Results

In the AAA pilot, 20 patients (0.3%) and 118 controls (0.3%) developed XFS/XFG, respectively. We observed no increased risk of XFS/XFG in AAA patients compared with non‐AAA‐matched controls (HR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.6–1.6). Among XFS/XFG study patients and controls, 122 patients (3.6%) and 376 controls (3.7%) had an AAA diagnosis. We likewise observed no increased risk of AAA in XFS/XFG patients (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.8–1.2). In 14 XFS/XFG patients with an ICD 9/10 diagnosis of AAA who underwent chart review, a clinical diagnosis of AAA was confirmed in 9 patients (64.3%).

Conclusion

Our findings do not support an association between AAA and XFS/XFG.
Absence from day care or school and parental absence from work during children's respiratory infections
Authors: Paalanne Marika , Honkila Minna , Paalanne Niko , Mattila Suvi , Pokka Tytti , Renko Marjo , Tapiainen Terhi
Published: December 2022

Aim

To investigate the social burden of nasopharyngeal detection of various respiratory viruses and the co‐detection of viral and bacterial pathogens.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 737 children with a suspected respiratory tract infection or fever in a paediatric emergency department during one epidemiological year (2014–2015) in Finland. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were analysed with multiplex polymerase chain reaction for 16 viruses and 7 respiratory bacteria. Parents filled out a questionnaire regarding child's and parents' absence from day care, school, or work at the time of the visit and 14 days afterward.

Results

The length of the children's absence from day care or school, or parental absence from work, did not significantly differ between the detected viral pathogens. Co‐detection of any respiratory virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae in the nasopharynx were associated with a 2.5‐day (95% CI of the difference: 0.71 to 4.3) and 3.0‐day (95% CI: 0.35 to 5.7) longer parental absence from work, respectively, compared with the detection of viruses alone when adjusted for age.

Conclusion

Nasopharyngeal detection of S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae was associated with an increase in the length of parental absence from work when compared with the detection of virus alone.
Environmental impact of single‐use and reusable flexible cystoscopes
Authors: Kemble Jayson P. , Winoker Jared S. , Patel Sunil H. , Su Zhuo T. , Matlaga Brian R. , Potretzke Aaron M. , Koo Kevin
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To compare the carbon footprint and environmental impact of single‐use and reusable flexible cystoscopes.

Materials and Methods

We analysed the expected clinical lifecycle of single‐use (Ambu aScope™ 4 Cysto) and reusable (Olympus CYF‐V2) flexible cystoscopes, from manufacture to disposal. Performance data on cumulative procedures between repairs and before decommissioning were derived from a high‐volume multispecialty practice. We estimated carbon expenditures per‐case using published data on endoscope manufacturing, energy consumption during transportation and reprocessing, and solid waste disposal.

Results

A fleet of 16 reusable cystoscopes in service for up to 135 months averaged 207 cases between repairs and 3920 cases per lifecycle. Based on a manufacturing carbon footprint of 11.49 kg CO2/kg device for reusable flexible endoscopes and 8.54 kg CO2/kg device for single‐use endoscopes, the per‐case manufacturing cost was 1.37 kg CO2 for single‐use devices and 0.0017 kg CO2 for reusable devices. The solid mass of single‐use and reusable devices was 0.16 and 0.57 kg, respectively. For reusable devices, the energy consumption of reusable device reprocessing using an automated endoscope reprocessor was 0.20 kg CO2, and per‐case costs of device repackaging and repair were 0.005 and 0.02 kg CO2, respectively. The total estimated per‐case carbon footprint of single‐use and reusable devices was 2.40 and 0.53 kg CO2, respectively, favouring reusable devices.

Conclusion

In this lifecycle analysis, the environmental impact of reusable flexible cystoscopes is markedly less than single‐use cystoscopes. The primary contributor to the per‐case carbon cost of reusable devices is energy consumption of reprocessing.
Sex steroid priming for growth hormone stimulation testing in children and adolescents with short stature: A systematic review
Authors: Duncan Gregor , Kiff Sarah , Mitchell Rod T.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Growth hormone stimulation testing (GHST) is used to diagnose growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children. As sex steroids impact on anterior pituitary function, there is concern around the efficacy of GHST in peripubertal children, where endogenous sex steroid levels are low. Sex steroid priming before GHST is thought to improve test efficacy in these children, however evidence to support its use in clinical practice is limited.

In this systematic review, we addressed the following research questions: Does priming increase GH stimulation test efficacy in peripubertal children? Does priming identify those who would benefit most from treatment in terms of final height? Is there evidence for an optimal sex‐steroid priming regimen?

Design, Patients, Measurements

The study was registered with PROSPERO and conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched Medline, Cochrane‐Library, Scopus, EMBASE and Web‐of‐Science and included all studies that included GHST in both primed and unprimed children. A GH cut‐off of 7 µg/L was used as a threshold for GHD. Study quality was assessed using the Risk‐Of‐Bias in Non‐ Randomized Studies (ROBINS‐I) tool or the revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for Randomised trials.

Results

Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria, of which 4/15 (27%) were randomised control trials. The majority (9/15) of the studies indicated that priming increases growth hormone response upon GHST in peripubertal children, increasing test specificity. Two studies investigated final height after treatment based on the results of primed versus unprimed GHST. These results indicate that growth hormone treatment based on results of a primed GHST improve outcomes compared with treatment based on an unprimed test.

Conclusion

Sex‐steroid priming increases the growth hormone response during GHST, resulting in fewer patients meeting the threshold required for a diagnosis of GHD. Unnecessary GH treatment may be avoided in some patients without a detrimental effect on final height. Numerous sex‐steroid priming regimens have been used in clinical practice and the majority appear to be effective, but an optimal regimen has not been determined.
Trends in perivascular macrophages research from 1997 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Xie Lv , Zheng Li , Chen Weijie , Zhai Xiaozhu , Guo Yunlu , Zhang Yueman , Li Yan , Yu Weifeng , Lai Zhongmeng , Zhu Ziyu , Li Peiying
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Perivascular macrophages (PVMs) play pivotal roles in maintaining the physiological function of the brain. Dysfunction of PVMs is emerging as an important mechanism in various disease conditions in the brain.

Methods

In this work, we analyzed recent research advances in PVMs, especially in the brain, from the Web of Science (WoS) core database using bibliometric analysis based on the search terms “perivascular macrophages” and “perivascular macrophage” on October 27, 2021. Visualization and collaboration analysis were performed by Citespace (5.8 R3 mac).

Results

We found 2384 articles published between 1997 and 2021 in the field of PVMs, which were selected for analysis. PVMs were involved in several physio‐pathological fields, in which Neurosciences and Neurology, Neuroscience, Immunology, Pathology, and Cardiovascular System and Cardiology were most reported. The research focuses on PVMs mainly in the central nervous system (CNS), inflammation, macrophage or T‐cell, and disease, and highlights the related basic research regarding its activation, oxidative stress, angiotensin II, and insulin resistance. Tumor‐associated macrophage, obesity, myeloid cell, and inflammation were relatively recent highlight keywords that attracted increasing attention in recent years. Harvard Univ, Vrije Univ Amsterdam, occupied important positions in the research field of PVMs. Meanwhile, PVM research in China (Peking Univ, Sun Yat Sen Univ, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, and Shandong Univ) is on the rise. Cluster co‐citation analysis revealed that the mechanisms of CNS PVMs and related brain diseases are major specialties associated with PVMs, while PVMs in perivascular adipose tissue and vascular diseases or obesity are another big category of PVMs hotspots.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the research on PVMs continues to deepen, and the hotspots are constantly changing. Future studies of PVMs could have multiple disciplines intersecting.
Downregulation of ADAMTS3 Suppresses Stemness and Tumorigenicity in Glioma Stem Cell
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Jin , Jeong Hang Yeon , Batara Don Carlo , Moon Changjong , Lee Seongsoo , Lee Suk Jun , Park Sang‐Ik , Choi Moon‐Chang , Kim Sung‐Hak
Published: December 2022

Aims

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of human brain tumor, with a poor prognosis and a median overall survival of fewer than 15 months. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) have recently been identified as a key player in tumor initiation and therapeutic resistance in GBM. ADAMTS family of metalloproteinases is known to cleave a wide range of extracellular matrix substrates and has been linked to tissue remodeling events in tumor development. Here, we investigate that ADAMTS3 regulates GSC proliferation and self‐renewal activities, and tumorigenesis in orthotopic xenograft models.

Methods

ADAMTS3 mRNA expression levels in normal human astrocyte (NHA), glioma, and GSCs cell lines were compared. After knockdown of ADAMTS3, alamarBlue assay, in vitro limiting dilution, and orthotopic xenograft assays were performed. To investigate the tumor‐associated roles of ADAMTS3, several statistical assays were conducted using publicly available datasets.

Results

ADAMTS3 level was remarkably higher in GSCs than in NHA, glioma cell lines, and their matched differentiated tumor cells. Interestingly, knockdown of ADAMTS3 disrupted GSC's proliferation, self‐renewal activity, and tumor formation in vivo. Furthermore, ADAMTS3 could be used as an independent predictor of malignancy progression in GBM.

Conclusion

We identified ADAMTS3 as a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
Involvement of dopamine D2‐like receptors in the antiepileptogenic effects of deep brain stimulation during kindling in rats
Authors: Rezaei Mahmoud , Ghafouri Samireh , Asgari Azam , Barkley Victoria , Fathollahi Yaghoub , Rostami Sareh , Shojaei Amir , Mirnajafi‐Zadeh Javad
Published: December 2022

Aims

Deep brain electrical stimulation (DBS), as a potential therapy for drug resistive epileptic patients, has inhibitory action on epileptogenesis. In the present investigation, the role of dopamine D2‐like receptors in the antiepileptogenic action of DBS was studied.

Methods

Seizures were induced in adult rats by stimulating the perforant path in a semi‐rapid kindling method. Five minutes after the last kindling stimulation, daily DBS was applied to the perforant path at the pattern of low frequency stimulation (LFS; 1 Hz; pulse duration: 0.1 ms; intensity: 50–150 μA; 4 trains of 200 pulses at 5 min intervals). Sulpiride (10 μg/1 μl, i.c.v.), a selective dopamine D2‐like receptor antagonist, was administered prior to the daily LFS application.

Results

Kindling stimulations increased cumulative daily behavioral seizure stages, daily afterdischarge duration (dADD), and population spike amplitude (PS) in dentate gyrus following perforant path stimulation, while applying LFS decreased the kindled seizures' parameters. In addition, kindling potentiated the early (at 10–50 ms inter‐pulse interval) and late (at 150–1000 ms inter‐pulse interval) paired‐pulse inhibition and decreased the paired‐pulse facilitation (at 70–100 ms inter‐pulse interval). These effects were also inhibited by applying LFS. All inhibitory effects of LFS on kindling procedure were prevented by sulpiride administration.

Conclusion

These data may suggest that LFS exerts its preventive effect on kindling development, at least partly, through the receptors on which sulpiride acts which are mainly dopamine D2‐like (including D2, D3, and D4) receptors.
A call for nail clipping histopathology to become an essential component of the routine evaluation of melanonychia: Benefitting patients as a triage and surgical planning maneuver
Authors: Rodriguez Olaf , Elenitsas Rosalie , Jiang Angela J. , Abbott James , Rubin Adam I.
Published: December 2022

We call on dermatologists and dermatopathologists to include nail clipping histopathology as an essential component of the routine evaluation of melanonychia. This manuscript demonstrates a case where an adult woman with broad melanonychia of the right thumbnail declined a nail matrix biopsy, but was amenable to a nail clipping.The nail clipping showed pigmentation, melanocyte remnants, and small cavities in the nail plate. These features have been published previously by our group as a clue to nail unit melanoma within nail clippings.This patient was rapidly triaged for nail matrix biopsy, which demonstrated nail unit melanoma in situ. Every patient with melanonychia can benefit from a nail clipping by examination of the location of the pigmentation within the nail plate for surgical planning, and if melanocyte remnants are detected, the nail clipping also serves as a rapid triage mechanism for nail matrix biopsy to evaluate for nail unit melanoma. Fontana‐stained sections will highlight the pigmentation in the nail plate, and its location in the nail plate can easily be described by the dermatopathologist. Nail clippings performed in the setting of clinically apparent melanonychia may show helpful histopathologic findings of pigmented fungi, hemorrhage, external pigmentation, features of other pigmented nail unit tumors, as well as other entities. Nail clipping histopathology can provide extensive information in the evaluation of melanonychia with minimal discomfort for a patient, and little disruption to a physician's clinic flow. With this additional case of a nail unit melanoma diagnosed after initial concern found in a nail clipping, as well as other information in the literature, it is clear that melanocyte remnants found in nail clippings are reliable concerning features related to nail unit melanoma in adults. With knowledge of these histopathologic features in nail clippings and the significance of melanocyte remnants, the dermatopathologist can play a crucial role in the use of a nail clipping as a life‐saving diagnostic maneuver. Accordingly, given the potential benefit to patients in this setting, as well as other uses of a nail clipping in the evaluation of melanonychia, we call on dermatologists and dermatopathologists to innovate the routine evaluation of melanonychia through the routine employment of nail clippings for histopathologic evaluation.
Neurotropic melanoma arising from a neurocristic hamartoma
Authors: Clements Stephanie Ann , Kelley Benjamin Franklin , Rivera Louis , Greenway Hubert T.
Published: December 2022

Neurotropic melanoma is a rare type of malignant melanoma with nerve invasion or neural differentiation. Neurocristic cutaneous hamartoma is a rare, benign tumor of the skin and superficial soft tissue that arises from aberrant migration of neural crest cells. We report a rare case of a 74‐year‐old man with a clinically diagnosed giant congenital nevus of the right mid‐back, histopathologically confirmed to be a neurocristic cutaneous hamartoma, who developed neurotropic spindle cell melanoma within the lesion. The patient was treated with serial re‐excisions until clear margins were achieved.
Are restrictions in sales hours of alcohol associated with fewer emergency room visits in Lithuania? An interrupted time‐series analysis
Authors: Jiang Huan , Tran Alexander , Petkevičienė Janina , Štelemėkas Mindaugas , Lange Shannon , Rehm Jürgen
Published: December 2022

Introduction

On 1 January 2018, an amendment to the alcohol control law was introduced in Lithuania which, among other changes, reduced trading hours for alcoholic beverages by 4 h for weekdays and Saturdays, and by 9 h for Sundays. The objective of the current study was to quantify the potential association of this law with the numbers and types of emergency room (ER) visits in Lithuania, in general and specifically for Sundays, for all ER visits, for injury‐related ER visits and specifically for alcohol poisoning as a 100% alcohol‐attributable cause.

Methods

Sex‐stratified time‐series analysis‐based models for the period 2016–2019 were used to test for associations and for potential alternative explanations (e.g., the increase in minimum legal drinking age, which occurred at the same time).

Results

Overall, while the reduction in sales hours for both sexes was associated with slight increases in all types and in injury‐related ER visits on a weekly basis, the association with ER visits for alcohol poisoning was in the opposite direction for men in all models. Specifically, among men, it was associated with an approximate decrease of 20% of alcohol poisoning‐related ER visits on Sundays and an approximate decrease of 12% of alcohol poisoning‐related ER visits for all seven weekdays.

Discussion and Conclusions

As predicted, restrictions on availability were associated with marked reductions in ER visits for alcohol poisoning in men. However, contrary to expectations, there were no overall reductions in overall ER visits, nor reductions in injury‐related ER visits.
Full‐time red dichromatic imaging during esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection to address intraoperative bleeding
Authors: Minamide Tatsunori , Kawata Noboru , Ono Hiroyuki
Published: December 2022

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The relationship between proficiency‐based instruction and student oral proficiency
Authors: Hancock Charlotte R. , Adams Mary J. , Kissau Scott
Published: December 2022

Over past decades, there has been a paradigm shift in WL instruction, moving away from traditional, grammar‐based programs and toward instruction that promotes student proficiency in the target language. Despite this growing attention to proficiency‐based instruction, few studies have investigated the relationship between proficiency‐based programs and student outcomes. Thus, in the present study, the researchers used a mixed methods approach, involving the collection and analysis of assessment and interview data, to investigate the relationship between approach to language teaching and oral proficiency outcomes of high school students enrolled in Level III Spanish, French, and Chinese classrooms. More specifically, the study explored how a proficiency‐based approach enhanced the oral proficiency outcomes of students in comparison to a traditional grammar‐based approach, and how teachers and students perceived the different learning environments. Quantitative data revealed varied oral proficiency development, based on language of study, and that students in the proficiency‐based program had greater oral proficiency than their counterparts who completed the traditional grammar‐based program. Qualitative data suggested that when compared with the grammar‐based program, instruction in the proficiency‐based program was perceived by students to be more relevant and led to more motivated and confident students. Recommendations are provided based upon these critical findings.
Introduction – Droit du travail et segmentation juridique: les différents modèles à l'œuvre dans le monde
Authors: MÜCKENBERGER Ulrich , DINGELDEY Irene
Published: December 2022

Le présent numéro spécial vise à alimenter la discussion sur la nécessité de renforcer le cadre de régulation des relations de travail individuelles en proposant une analyse de la segmentation juridique engendrée par les fonctions régulatrice, hiérarchisante et compensatrice du droit du travail. Dans cette introduction, les auteurs présentent les études régionales et thématiques qu'il contient et décrivent leurs propres travaux, menés grâce à une base de données originale, notamment leur méthode, leurs conclusions préliminaires et la typologie des familles de droit à laquelle ils parviennent. L'ensemble du recueil fournit des pistes pour l'élaboration et l'application de règles protégeant tous les travailleurs de la planète.
Neurological complications associated with influenza in hospitalized children
Authors: Jantarabenjakul Watsamon , Paprad Tanitnun , Paprad Tunchanok , Anugulruengkitt Suvaporn , Pancharoen Chitsanu , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Chomtho Krisnachai
Published: December 2022

Background

Influenza is a known respiratory and potential neurotropic virus. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and outcomes of influenza‐related neurological complications among hospitalized children.

Methods

All medical records of hospitalized children aged <18 years old diagnosed with influenza at a tertiary care hospital in Bangkok were retrospectively reviewed. Influenza infection was confirmed by rapid antigen or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests. Neurological characteristics and clinical outcomes were analyzed using the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale.

Results

From 2013 to 2018, 397 hospitalized children with a median age of 3.7 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.6–6.9) were included. The prevalence of neurological complications, including seizure or acute encephalopathy, was 16.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.3–20.9). Influenza A and B were identified in 73.1% and 26.9% of the patients, respectively. Among 39 (58.2%) acute symptomatic seizure cases, 25 (37.3%) children had simple febrile seizures, 7 (10.4%) had repetitive seizures, and 7 (10.4%) had provoked seizures with pre‐existing epilepsy. For 28 (41.8%) encephalopathy cases, the clinical courses were benign in 20 (29.9%) cases and severe in 8 (11.9%) cases. Ten (14.9%) children needed intensive care monitoring, and 62 (93.5%) fully recovered to their baselines at hospital discharge. Predisposing factors to the neurological complications included a history of febrile seizure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 20.3; 95% CI: 6.6–63.0), pre‐existing epilepsy (aOR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.3–10.2), and a history of other neurological disorders (aOR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.2–10.2).

Conclusions

One fifth of hospitalized children with influenza had neurological complications with a favorable outcome. Children with pre‐existing neurological conditions were at higher risk for developing neurological complications.
Initialization of metaheuristics: comprehensive review, critical analysis, and research directions
Authors: Sarhani Malek , Voß Stefan , Jovanovic Raka
Published: December 2022

Initialization of metaheuristics is a crucial topic that lacks a comprehensive and systematic review of the state of the art. Providing such a review requires in‐depth study and knowledge of the advances and challenges in the broader field of metaheuristics, especially with regard to diversification strategies, in order to assess the proposed methods and provide insights for initialization. Motivated by the aforementioned research gap, we provide a related review and begin by describing the main metaheuristic methods and their diversification mechanisms. Then, we review and analyze the existing initialization approaches while proposing a new categorization of them. Next, we focus on challenging optimization problems, namely constrained and discrete optimization. Lastly, we give insights on the initialization of local search approaches.
Bioactive core–shell structure of TiC/TiO2/SrCO3 coating on carbon black particles for bone tissue formation: Fabrication, characterization, and biological functions
Authors: Soe Hnin Nandar , Meesane Jirut , Kokoo Rungrote , Khangkhamano Matthana
Published: December 2022

Although carbon‐based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon dots, have attracted much attention for bone tissue regeneration and engineering due to the advantages of being lightweight, mechanical stability, and remarkable ability for bone repair, their toxicity and dispersity are the most concern and greatly limiting their clinical uses. In this article, the surface modification of carbon black particles based on core–shell structure design as a promising candidate material for bone tissue engineering applications is presented. TiC/TiO2/SrCO3‐coated carbon black particles were prepared via molten salt synthesis and hydrothermal process at various temperatures to study the effects of temperature on crystal structure, morphologies, surface wettability, and biological functions. Phase composition, morphologies, and elemental distributions were studied by X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscope, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, respectively. Cell proliferation, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium deposition were also investigated. The investigation showed that the reaction temperature played an important role in the crystallinity, phase formation, nanotopography, and biological functions of the particles. The particles treated at 250°C offered favored surface properties of roughness, composition, crystallite size, and wettability for cell adhesion, proliferation, ALP activity, and calcium deposition. As a result, these bioactive core–shell particles would be a promising filler material for bone tissue engineering applications.
Liquid‐phase sintering of ZrO2‐based nanocrystalline glass–ceramics achieved by multielement co‐doping
Authors: Fu Le , Wang Bohan , Deng Ying , Xu Guofu , Huang Jiwu , Engqvist Håkan , Xia Wei
Published: December 2022

Liquid‐phase sintering (LPS) is an effective pathway to assist the densification of ceramics. However, it has seldom been used to densify glass–ceramics. In the present study, a multielement co‐doping strategy has been utilized to achieve LPS of a ZrO2–SiO2 nanocrystalline glass–ceramic. Compared with undoped samples densified by solid‐state sintering, doping of equimolar Al, Y, and Ca promoted the densification of the glass–ceramic at lower temperatures with a faster densification rate. Ternary doping enhanced coarsening of ZrO2 nanocrystallites during sintering and annealing. The distribution of dopants was carefully observed with X‐ray energy‐dispersive spectrometry technique in scanning electron transmission microscopy mode. Results showed that the three dopants showed different distribution behaviors. After sintering, Y dopants were predominately distributed in ZrO2 nanocrystallites, whereas parts of Al and Ca dopants were distributed in ZrO2 nanocrystallites and part of them co‐segregated at the ZrO2/SiO2 heterointerfaces. Meanwhile, the segregation of Ca dopant at some intergranular films among ZrO2 nanocrystallites was observed. Redistribution of dopants did not occur during annealing.