bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectiva ética en la nutrición y los cuidados paliativos: un enfoque en la atención a los pacientes con demencia avanzada
Authors: Barrocas Albert , Baird Schwartz Denise , Echeverri Sonia
Published: March 2021

El cuidado paliativo (CP) es un aspecto de la asistencia en salud que recibe cada vez más atención. Como ocurre con otras aplicaciones de la medicina, el CP está influenciado por lo que se puede hacer desde la perspectiva tecnológica, lo que se debería hacer desde la ética y lo que se debe hacer desde lo legal, es decir, la Triple Perspectiva (Troubling Trichotomy). Este artículo trata principalmente de las perspectivas éticas del CP y la nutrición. Si bien dos de los autores son de Estados Unidos, un tercero ha proporcionado una valiosa visión internacional. Una breve introducción a la ética incluye una discusión de los elementos del Principialismo, enfoque ético más común que se utiliza en la actualidad en el mundo, incluida la Declaración de Cartagena. El éxito de las intervenciones relacionadas con el CP depende de la responsabilidad, la comunicación y el trabajo en equipo (ACT, por sus siglas en inglés). Se discuten los diversos roles de las diferentes partes interesadas, incluido el tomador de decisiones en el plano individual / familiar / sustituto, el equipo médico tratante, el equipo de cuidado paliativo y los centros de atención médica. La atención centrada en el paciente requiere una comunicación efectiva. Alcanzar este objetivo en casos complejos exige que el equipo de CP tenga en cuenta una serie de consideraciones específicas. Un requisito previo básico de la comunicación efectiva es diferenciar el CP del cuidado para enfermos en estado terminal (Hospice). Estos conceptos se discuten en forma detallada en lo concerniente a pacientes con demencia avanzada (DA), incluidos el diagnóstico/definición, signos, síntomas, necesidades e intervenciones nutricionales. Dado que la mayoría de las personas con esta patología son de edad avanzada, es importante señalar que el envejecimiento es un proceso y no una enfermedad que a menudo reproduce los signos y síntomas de la malnutrición. Se describen las responsabilidades de las partes interesadas en CP, la nutrición y la ética, seguidas de un caso ilustrativo con preguntas y recomendaciones.
Aspectos psicológicos del abordaje nutricional de los pacientes en cuidados paliativos
Authors: Ramos Laura , Loureiro Varinia , Piriz Alvarez Gabriela
Published: March 2021

La desnutrición es un síndrome de alto impacto, porque es donde se materializa la enfermedad y su evolución. Esta genera repercusiones físicas y psicológicas en el paciente, así como psicológicas en la familia y en el equipo asistencial. La finalidad de este artículo es analizar la importancia de la nutrición del paciente, el abordaje integral y la repercusión en la esfera emocional no solo del paciente, sino del núcleo familiar. Luego del control de los síntomas urgentes, en orden de importancia, se maneja el resto de los síntomas físicos, los emocionales y el aspecto nutricional. La nutrición engloba lo físico y lo emocional. Para ello se considera primordial realizar un diagnóstico situacional, con base en la comunicación como herramienta fundamental. Se debe tener claro el objetivo, y acompañar en las diferentes etapas al paciente y la familia, brindando herramientas para el adecuado manejo de la evolución del paciente y su contexto.
National security: health care, pandemic (COVID-­19) and the global trade in counterfeit pharmaceuticals (Part 1)
Authors: Androshchuk H. O.
Published: March 2021

Ukraine’s healthcare system faces unprecedented national security challenges in the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A particularly acute issue is countering counterfeit pharmaceuticals, preventing drug shortages, joining efforts of the authorities and national manufacturers of drugs and medicines. According to the UN in Ukraine more than 60% of the population lives below the poverty line. Timely response to these challenges and taking preventive measures will save lives, minimize the volume and consequences of the pandemic. The work provides an economic and legal analysis, trends, risks and threats to the national security of the state and health protection during a pandemic, in order to protect intellectual property rights, adequate coordination of actions at the national and international levels. Based on the analysis of studies by the OECD, the EU Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) and Europol shows the impact of counterfeiting on business and the economy, the criminal landscape in the EU. The basics of the anti-counterfeiting management, measures to implement a standard anti-counterfeiting strategy are proposed.
Are Opportunity and Necessity Based Women Entrepreneurs any Different?
Authors: Sindhwani Saumya , Dhawan Ankita
Published: March 2021

The objective of this paper is to explain how necessity-based women entrepreneurs in emerging markets tend to incline more towards survivability, ignoring aspects of growth. While, opportunity-based women entrepreneurs emphasize more on growth, often overlooking survivability. The existing literature has failed to perceive both together, merging opportunity and necessity-based women entrepreneurs in the context of business growth. We aim to address this gap, through the paper and touch upon concepts of enterprise survivability and scalability wherein we discuss a third bracket of entrepreneurship that emerges out of viewing both necessity and opportunity constructs together. The findings suggest that while the motivation behind women pursing necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship may be different in developing regions of the world like Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa and East and South Asia, their end points happen to be the same. Both opportunity and necessity-based women entrepreneurs, irrespective of their motivations to start their businesses, struggle with aspects of business growth. Hence, to exploit the potential of women-led ventures, it is significant that we focus on achieving business growth and simultaneously sustain enterprises. While the paper highlights a descriptive research analysis, it also supplements the existing literature on growth drivers for necessity-based entrepreneurs and explores variations in the entrepreneurial process within opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship. This paper provides an insight into how women entrepreneurs can cater to enhancing human development indicators which will have an indirect impact on pushing sustainable development goals in a forward direction.
¿Qué significa desempeño (superior) en administración estratégica?
Authors: Chacón-Fiallo Oswaldo , Zapata-Cantú Laura
Published: March 2021

El propósito de este artículo es dilucidar la noción de desempeño (firm performance) en las escuelas más representativas de la administración estratégica (Strategic Management) y contribuir mediante una definición y un modelo conceptual integrador para su comprensión de forma multidimensional y multinivel. A través de una revisión de la literatura, en la que se incluyen los trabajos seminales –teóricos y empíricos— de las perspectivas de organización industrial, recursos y capacidades, capacidades dinámicas y basadas en el conocimiento se identifica el tratamiento del constructo desempeño. Posteriormente, se establecen similitudes y diferencias, cuyo resultado se presenta en un modelo conceptual integrador. En administración estratégica, se ha utilizado la expresión firm performance para explicar las consecuencias de la ejecución de la estrategia. Sin embargo, en la revisión de la literatura se ha encontrado que el desempeño como constructo presenta ambigüedad en su definición y falta de delimitación epistemológica, lo cual dificulta su comprensión, investigación y uso en el ámbito gerencial, por ejemplo, en lo referido a fijación de objetivos y medición de su cumplimiento. Igualmente, se evidenciaron convergencias entre algunas de las perspectivas teóricas revisadas respecto al valor como métrica de la eficacia de la ejecución de la estrategia y de la contribución de la organización a la satisfacción de expectativas de sus grupos de interés. Este artículo identifica convergencias y divergencias en las escuelas más representativas de la administración estratégica, lo que permite formular de manera original una definición integral de desempeño, un modelo conceptual integrador en el cual el valor se constituye en métrica eficaz del desempeño empresarial.
Resiliencia Urbana. Una mirada académica desde el Pacífico.
Authors: Parra Ocampo Jemay
Published: March 2021

El presente libro resiliencia urbana: una mirada académica desde el pacifico, es el resultado de proyectos de investigación liderada por estudiantes de último año del programa de arquitectura de la Universidad del Pacifico y la Fundación Universitaria de Popayán, que revelan las necesidades urbano arquitectónicas de ambas ciudades y sus zonas rurales, que a través de documentos académicos responden a estas problemáticas desde al campo de la arquitectura.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: An Analysis of the
Current Treatment Options
Authors: Song Bo
Published: March 2021

Background: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a multifaceted disease that can present with a
variety of types of pain. Unfortunately, both the mechanisms and treatments for pain are poorly
understood. The proposed treatments for the various musculoskeletal pain syndromes in EDS have
had variable success, and it becomes much more imperative to better define and evaluate the
current treatment modalities in treating this debilitating disease.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the currently available treatment
modalities for patients with EDS and their efficacies in pain and symptom relief.
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Setting: Institutional physical medicine and rehabilitation primary care clinic.
Methods: All patients were seen between January 2015 and April 2019, in which 98 patients
with EDS were identified through retrospective chart review. Institutional review board approval
was obtained, and all patients provided written consent to be included in the study. We reviewed
various treatment modalities, including complimentary/alternative treatments, opioids/opioid-like
medications, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, physical therapy, occupational therapy, muscle
relaxants, neuropathic modulators, steroids, surgery/procedures, and acetaminophen. Treatment
methods were extracted from individual patient charts, and efficacy was grouped into 3 categories:
improvement, no effect, or worsened symptoms.
Results: The most common treatments used were complimentary/alternative treatments (n =
88). Occupational therapy and bracing were the most effective options with 70% of patients
reporting improvement. Neuropathic modulators were the least well tolerated with 47% of
patients reporting adverse effects.
Limitations: Men were a small percentage of the study. Patients were not randomized, and pain
score reporting was subjective. Patient data were extracted from a single practice setting. Timing
and symptom onset were not measured.
Conclusions: There is a relative paucity of published literature regarding the various treatment
methods for EDS. Although our study is able to identify positive and negative trends with certain
modalities, it is vital to understand that EDS is not a uniform diagnosis among patients, and that a
combination of several different treatments usually is needed for optimal symptom control. Further
research and investigation are necessary to develop a comprehensive treatment database for this
complex condition.
Key words: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pain, hypermobility, arthralgia, subluxation, genetic,
physical therapy, interventional pain
Fantastic Four: Age, Spinal Cord Stimulator
Waveform, Pain Localization and History of Spine
Surgery Influence the Odds of Successful Spinal
Cord Stimulator Trial
Authors: Odonkor Charles A.
Published: March 2021

Background: There is a dearth in our understanding of the factors that are predictive of successful
spinal cord stimulator (SCS) trials and eventual conversion to permanent implants. Knowledge of
these factors is important for appropriate patient selection and treatment optimization.
Objectives: Although previous studies have explored factors predictive of trial success, few have
examined the role of waveform in trial outcomes. This study sought to establish the relationship of
neuraxial waveform and related measures to trial outcomes.
Study Design: This study used a retrospective chart review design.
Methods: Data were retrospectively collected on 174 patients undergoing SCS trials upon
institutional review board approval of the study protocol. Indications for SCS were: complex regional
pain syndrome, failed back surgery syndrome with radicular symptoms, peripheral neuropathy, and
axial low back pain. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the
association of demographic and clinical variables with SCS trial outcomes.
Results: The study population comprised 56% women, had a median age of 55 (interquartile
range [IQR], 44-64), and 32 of 174 (18%) patients failed SCS trials. Individuals with successful
trials (≥ 50% pain relief) were significantly younger and had a median age of 54 years (IQR, 42-60)
compared to those who failed SCS trials (median age 66 years; IQR, 50-76; P = .005). Adjusting
for age, gender, number of leads, pain category, and diagnoses: surgical history (odds ratio [OR] =
4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-15.8) and paresthesia-based tonic-stimulation (OR = 10.3;
95% CI, 1.7-62.0), but not burst or high frequency, were significantly associated with successful
trials. Of note, the number of leads (whether dual or single), pain duration, characteristics, and
category (nociceptive vs neuropathic) were not significant factors. An interaction between surgical
spine history and lower extremity pain was significantly associated with a positive trial (P = .005).
Limitations: This study was limited by its retrospective nature and focus on a patient population
at a single major academic medical center.
Conclusions: Paresthesia-based tonic stimulation, age, and surgical history have significant
effects on SCS trials. Prospective and randomized controlled studies may provide deeper insights
regarding impact on costs and overall outcomes.
IRB Approval #: 2018P002216
Keywords: Pain duration, pain location, spinal cord stimulator trial, stimulator waveform,
surgical history
Differentiation of methods for manufacturing the specimens of mixtures based on hydraulic binders
Authors:   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine, Illyasch Sergey , Tereshchenko Tetyana ,   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

Introduction. To the particular group of road materials that are applied by close technologies belong hydraulically bound mixtures, roller-compacted concrete and cold recycled cement bound mixtures. As it is known, the composition and also the technology of application of road materials both affect the choice of method for their specimens manufacturing. For the Ukrainian road building industry, only one method for such specimens manufacturing was implemented, but in the world-wide practices there exist a developed differentiation of said methods which considers a lot of factors. The paper is aimed on the analysis and issues to be resolved in that direction.General classification, analysis and criteria for selecting the standard methods for manufacturing the specimens of mixtures based on hydraulic binders.Taking into consideration the methods of compaction applied in various systems of standardization, the classification of methods of manufacturing of specimens of the specified types of mixtures was offered. A comparative analysis of methods of specimens manufacturing is performed taking into account the requirements for specimens, features of the procedure of selection of the mixture composition, conditions of specimens manufacturing and also mixture grading. Particular attention was paid to the choice of criteria for the manufacture of specimens of cold recycled mixtures, which, according to world practice of road construction, shall be subjected to the rheological properties testing.Conclusions.Accounting for the world-wide experience in road building industry, established in Ukrainian practice methods of manufacturing specimens of mixtures based on hydraulic binders used by close technologies need to be improved in order to:–provide a selective approach to the procedure for selecting the mixture composition;–realize the possibility for making specimens on the construction area;–ensure performing of tests accounting for the extended requirements for said mixtures.Keywords: hydraulically bound mixture; roller-compacted concrete; cold recycled mixtures; methods of specimens manufacturing; compaction methods
Improvement of crushed stone – mastic asphalt laying by improving of the conditions of its transportation
Authors:   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shpin Denis
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Transport times of hot asphalt from its production facility to the road section of laying depends of the distance of the asphalt mixing plants location, also in urban conditions it depends from the intensity of traffic flows, the number of traffic jams on the way of the dump truck.Problems. At the present stage, a sharp decrease of road pavement quality and durability occurs due to an increase of the number of heavy vehicles, an increase of axle loads on the pavement and an increase in the speed limit, due to use of outdated technologies that not correspond to the existing loads by their technical characteristics.Purpose. To analyze the modern technology of crushed stone — mastic asphalt transportation in order to determine the shortcomings in its application.Materials and methods. Analysis of information sources, including foreign sources regarding transportation technologiesResults.Possible consequences of non-observance of the correct transportation technology and their elimination have been determined.Conclusions. During the transportation of crushed stone — mastic asphalt mixture, the temperature and fractional segregation (dissection) of the hot mixture occurs. The main factors that cause it are following: ambient temperature, air humidity, wind speed, bulk filling, transport times, pavement flatness during transportation. To prevent the segregation appearance, it is need to increase the loading rate of the dump truck bulk, using heat-insulating elements during transportation (awnings, metal covers, etc.), also as thorough cleaning of the dump truck bulk surface from any residuals of bituminous and other materials before each loading of crushed stone-mastic asphalt.Keywords: crushed stone-mastic asphalt, temperature segregation, transportation technology.
An analysis of the feasibility of introducing «smart» systems in warehouses
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukrainе, Shevchenko Alisa , Lysenko Iryna ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukrainе, Hulchak Oksana ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukrainе, Shapenko Yevheniia ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukrainе
Published: March 2021

Introduction.This article discusses the essence of compositions. The concept of automated management system of material and information flows is described. The main components of «smart» composition are identified. Its technological and technical aspects are analyzed. The advantages of the introduction of «smart» warehouse systems in the field of warehousing logistics are investigated.Problem Statement. Every year in Ukraine more than 30 million tons of goods are sold, and if we take into account that on the way the goods undergo up to 15–20 transshipments ― this figure exceeds 300 million tons. The range of goods sold in the service sector reaches 400 thousand items, and taking into account the types and varieties ― more than 1 million. This huge mass of goods before entering the trading floor is accepted, unloaded, assembled, prepared for sale, and so on. Execution of these logistic operations, improvement of all logistic process is impossible without existence of the corresponding warehouse network. To date, warehousing can not remain in this state, it has exhausted the reserves of improving the efficiency of its work. It is necessary to solve the problem of further development of warehousing at a qualitatively new level of organization and technical equipment.Purpose.Analyze the feasibility of implementing systems of smart warehouses to improve the efficiency of the logistics system.Materials and Methods.Much attention is paid to the question of the effective functioning of warehouses by domestic and foreign scientists such as Stoke J. R., Lambert D. M., Oklander M. A., Krykavsky E. V., Nikolaychuk P. V. and others. The lack of research in the field of implementation of smart warehouses and the need to determine the impact of new factors on the logistics process in the warehouse determines the relevance of the article.Results.After analyzing the technological and technical aspects used in «smart» warehouses, their characteristics were given, the advantages and disadvantages were indicated. Active development of information systems, new communications allow to change conditions of interaction of the enterprise with consumers. The modern warehouse complex, which has advanced technologies, allows to solve many problems related to the circulation of inventory.Conclusions. Properly organized warehouse allows you to optimize the costs of the logistics system, and the processes associated with the operation of warehouses, ultimately a significant component of total costs. Therefore, the introduction of a system of «reasonable» composition is appropriate.Keywords:warehouse, smart warehouse, logistics, warehouse management system, internet of things, information service, pick-to-light system, stock.
Classification of micropollutants sources as components of road surface runoff pollution
Authors:   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kharytonova Nataliia , Khrutba Viktoriia ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukrainе
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The current state and the development of road construction and infrastructure is the cause of increasing the environmental pollution, especially in close proximity to the roads.Problem Statement. Surface runoff from the roads is a significant volume of polluted water which most often enters water bodies and the surrounding area without treatment, which is contrary to environmental requirements. Not only accidental leaks of oil and chloride residues present in runoff, but also a significant volume of suspended solids, which are often settled and accumulated and are dangerous for the environment and public health. In order to predict measures or prevent such pollution and accumulation, it is necessary to determine the sources of suspended solids, qualitative characteristics, physical and chemical properties of pollutants.Purpose. The purpose of the work is to determine of suspended solids pollutants (micropollutants), their components, to develop a classification of sources and their formation.Materials and methods. Analytical, information retrieval methods were used for this study.Results. As a result of the work, classification, which presents potentially possible types of micropollutants which are the components of suspended solids found in road surface runoff, was developed.Conclusions. The developed classification of micropollutants sources is the initial stage to study such kind of pollution, migration in the environment, the impacts of accumulation and decomposition products, as well as to develop measures for reducing the formation and dissemination of micropollutants in the environment.Keywords: road pavement, micropollutants, composition, particles.
Development of Objective Ranking System for Tertiary Institutions in Developing Nations
Authors: Atanbiyi Gabriel
Published: March 2021

University ranking has become increasingly important in recent years because it creates a platform for competition amongst universities and also serves as a marketing tool in communicating performances of universities which could help them to build international reputation. Also, ranking could serve as a guide for prospective students seeking admission into tertiary institutions. There are many ranking systems used by developed nations but some of the parameters employed by these internationally accepted ranking systems, such as economy activity and employers rating of universities, are not easily available in the developing world, and some parameters that are important in developing nations such as number of programmes with full accreditation, proportion of academic staff at professorial cadre and students’ completion rate are not included in the global rating. Hence, an objective ranking system that will capture the parameters relevant to the universities in developing nation is desirable. Here, we propose an objective ranking system that will capture the peculiarities of the universities in developing nations. Ten existing ranking systems were considered in this study and seventeen criteria were identified from them and used to propose a new ranking system. Some of the criteria used are number of full professors in the university, h-index of the university and the total number of students in the university. Weights were objectively computed for each criterion and used in developing the proposed system. The proposed system was implemented using Nigerian Universities and web crawling techniques were developed and employed to extract the values of the criteria for each of the universities used as a case study. A total score based on the weight of criteria was calculated for each university and used for ranking. System implementation was carried out using PHP and Python. The best five universities from the proposed ranking system were University of Ibadan, Obafemi Awolowo University, University of Lagos, University of Benin and University of Ilorin. The proposed ranking system will give an objective, better and more reliable ranking result for universities in developing nations than other existing ranking systems because it contains realistic and objective parameters available in developing nations.
Information Mandala: Statistical Distance Matrix with Clustering
Authors: Lu Xin
Published: March 2021

In machine learning, observation features are measured in a metric space to obtain their distance function for optimization. Given similar features that are statistically sufficient as a population, a statistical distance between two probability distributions can be calculated for more precise learning. Provided the observed features are multi-valued, the statistical distance function is still efficient. However, due to its scalar output, it cannot be applied to represent detailed distances between feature elements. To resolve this problem, this paper extends the traditional statistical distance to a matrix form, called a statistical distance matrix. The proposed approach performs well in object recognition tasks and clearly and intuitively represents the dissimilarities between cat and dog images in the CIFAR dataset, even when directly calculated using the image pixels. By using the hierarchical clustering of the statistical distance matrix, the image pixels can be separated into several clusters that are geometrically arranged around a center like a Mandala pattern. The statistical distance matrix with clustering is called the Information Mandala.

(This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible)
Peter C. Mancall, The Trials of Thomas Morton, Yale University Press 2019
Authors: Cinnella Della Porta Silvia
Published: March 2021

Review of 

Peter C. Mancall, The Trials of Thomas Morton_ An Anglican Lawyer, His Puritan Foes, and the Battle for a New England (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2019)
Pengaruh Stres Kerja, Beban Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk Cabang Belmera
Authors: Demak Claudia Yosephine Simanjuntak  , Hafiz Mudrika Arfi , Syahputra Tarigan Andre
Published: March 2021

Kinerja karyawan diidentifikasi mampu dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yang dapat meningkatkan atau bahkan menurunkan kinerja karyawan. Faktor-faktor tersebut diantaranya adalah stres kerja, beban kerja yang berlebih serta lingkungan kerja yang kurang kondusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh stres kerja, beban kerja, dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT. Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk Cabang Belmera. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dari hasil kuesioner kepada 50 orang responden untuk kemudian dilakukan analisis secara statistik. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil pada penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Stres Kerja (X1), Beban Kerja (X2) dan Lingkungan Kerja (X3) berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Y) di PT. Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk, Cabang Balmera, Medan, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Temuan di atas menjabarkan bahwa perusahaan hendaknya dapat menerapkan upaya-upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya stres kerja, tingginya beban kerja dan menciptakan lingkungan kerja guna mencapai kinerja karyawan yang lebih optimal.
The Racial Discrimination from Romantic Perspective: A Postcolonial Study of Langston Hughes's Selected Poems
Authors: Muslih Assist. Inst. Waleed Shihan
Published: March 2021

.Postcolonial literary theory critically studies the cultural, societal and historical analysis and modes of discourse of the people of the colonies in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Third World. Moreover, postcolonial studies deal with  forms of  imperialism particularly the domination of some nations and people by other nations. Thus,"this rethinking of empire has brought the United States into focus as an object of postcolonial [studies]both as a contemporary empire and as itself a postcolonial nation"(Abrams,1960:307,8).African-American studies, however, fit together well with postcolonial studies as it "forms a number of angels interrogates the relations between the west pretty much  the rest of the world in the light of the history or Western expansion and military and economic domination"(Bertens,2001:112).On this basis, it is possible to read  and analyze the African-American literary themes through a postcolonial vision. However, the prevailing theme that most African-American poems tackle in common is the theme of  racial discrimination, but it is rather meticulous to say what  the  poems share in terms of theme instead of mode. The present study aims at examining Langston Hughes's selected poems to judge whether the modes of these poems are romantic or racial and the motive behind this. This will give a better understanding of the personal and the psychological  factors that affected the life of the African-American individual in the heyday of the racial segregation
Design Portable Device for Irrigation System using ZigBee
Authors: Abdul Wahab Mohammed Abdul Jabar
Published: March 2021

The smart irrigation systems considered as one of the most new significant technologies in this century to control the watering system and help the plants to grow. This research is focused on the design of an irrigation system based on one of the wireless sensor network (WSN) technologies which is ZigBee technology. The proposed design has an autonomous soil moisture monitoring system with wireless sensor network and ZigBee interfacing for transmitting data from slave to master side. In addition to that, the purpose of monitoring system suggested in this work is to measure and display the ratio of water soil in real-time. Soil moisture sensors have been used in this proposed design for measuring changes in soil volumetric water and changes ration of water found in the soil was evaluated under outdoor environment conditions for two averages of watered soil (40% and 70%). The real-time data of watered soil has been collected for two different value of watering (40 and 70%) and data collected vary based on location of the sensor in soil and how much soil dried in that point. It is found that the water ratio (70%) is better than (40%) from the experimental results.
Utilization Of The Direct And Indirect Speech Act Of Assertion By The Sentence Types
Authors: Ibraheem Samir Jamal
Published: March 2021

Tackling any text, e.g. political one, without pragmatic theory constitutes a real problem in the communicative act. the need to shed light on distinctive rules concerning the speech act of assertion is crucial. So this study is concerned with how to establish a model of expressing the speech act of assertion, whether direct or indirect, by using the sentence types of declarative, interrogative, or imperative sentences. Since this utilization highly overlaps with other speech acts as command, obligation, permission, ability, etc. Therefore, this research attempts to answer the following questions:

1- Can this study formulate a model for analysing the speech act of assertion, and on which bases it can be established?

2- How to formulate Felicity conditions for the speech act of assertion?

3- Whether speech act of assertion can be successfully applied to political  speeches?

4- Which sentence type can typically express the direct speech act of assertion?

5- Could other sentence types indicate the speech act of assertion?
The Development of Emotional Suppression for adolesents and Its relation with Need Trascendence
Authors: Fadhil Had Assist.prof.Dr. Rana Zuhair , Mohmood Lecturer Hadeel khalid
Published: March 2021

The current research aims are identifying The Emotional Suppression among adolesents , the significance of differences in a ccordance with gender and variables , and dose the Emotional suppression develop , and a correlation exists between the Emotional suppression with Need of transcendence in adolesents . The sample of current research consists of (150) adolesents from secondry  schools .

The researcher measure Emotional suppression by adoptecl (Taleeb , 2013)

as well as a dopted (Hafath , 2006) scale to measure Need of transcendence

The results show the following :

The Emotional suppression develops with age , and clear develop in age (16) this result is deal with the developmental and theoretical view , and the social gender has no effect on Emotional supperission , and an invevrse correlation between two variables of this research .In the light of these results the resar cher has presented a set of conclusion , recommendation and suggestions .
University Education Remote Concept and the Extent of their Applicability
Authors: Rashid Prof. Dr. Haifa Ghazi , Jawda Prof.Dr. Sead Obaid , Aboud Assist Prof. Dr. Ziad Mohammed , Jawad Assist Prof. Dr. Sahlat Al wan
Published: March 2021

In light of the rapid technological changes and shifts in market conditions, the education system faces a challenge regarding the need to provide additional educational opportunities without the need for additional monitoring budgets. Therefore, many educational institutions began to face this challenge, and actually began to develop programs of universities and distance education programs vinegar.  The era of distance education and open education has become a reality as possible after the investigation was a distant dream for many people all over the world. The e-learning is an ideal way to help large segments of the community members who force them social and professional responsibilities to not to leave their communities or their country. Many of the participants have access to the internet from their offices and homes.
Vanity and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Authors: Musa Ph.D Prof. Ina̛am Lafta
Published: March 2021

Vanity and narcissistic personality disorder share common qualities make it difficult ,to some extent, to differentiate them. There are theoretical  opinions which suggest that vanity is a characteristic of narcissistic personality traits. The two variables have been studied  from a psychoanalytic point of view, and despite the lack of studies and literature on the variable of vanity, still there is a number of studies that have tried to find a relationship between the two variables and this is what is aimed at in the current study. In other words, the aim is to find a relationship between vanity and narcissistic personality disorder in addition to measuring both variables separately and finding the difference in each one of them on the levels of the two variables: sex and specialization. To achieve this ,vanity and narcissistic personality disorder scale has been applied on a sample of 220 female and male students from University of Baghdad . The results were that the students are characterized by vanity and there is a difference in it in favor of males and students with scientific specialization who are also well known for their narcissistic personality disorder. There was no difference between males and females,while there was a difference in favor of students of scientific specialization. A number of recommendations and proposals was presented in the light of that
The music of Arabic poetry and moving beyond the prosodic measures
Authors: Zarrin Assist Prof. Baqer Qorbani
Published: March 2021

The music of poetry is one of the most prominent particularities which distinguishes the poetry from other types of speech. It also has been considered under different titles, by many literaties, just because the poetry would always need the music. A question would arise in here: is it possible to restrict the music of Arabic poetry only to prosodic rhythms and limit it to prosody, or could the poet just compose a poetry beyond the prosodic measures while still has its own music? This article tries to answer this question through inspecting some instances of poets works. These instances include: elegy or qasida_ muwashshah - zajal-band  and blank verse. We can find the fact that the musical diversity can be achieved both inside and outside of the prosodic circles. It is also possible to synthesize prosodic meters with each other in an elegy to reach the purpose and experience novel meters called new-found meters. As the result of these experiences we can rely on the music of Taf’ilah (the formative basis of a verse) and by transforming the music of the poetry enrich the poetry songs. We shall notice this musical transformation in Arabic poetry which has passed through many changes from past times up to now. This is an important and necessary matter for any researcher who deals with any aspects of the poetry research and poetic cases.
Printed Arabic Words Recognition Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: H.Ali Assist.Teach.Rasha
Published: March 2021

The automatic recognition of  text on scanned images has enabled many application such as searching for words in large volumes of  documents, automatic sorting of postal mail, and convenient editing of previously printed documents. In this paper, a Printed Arabic word  recognition system using Wavelet Transform, and Genetic Algorithms (GA) is proposed. The system consist three steps. In first step pre-processing are applied on the input image. Secondly features are extracted, which will be taken as the input to the genetic algorithm. In feature extraction stage the feature vector extracted by using 1-level linear wavelet decomposition technique and only the approximation are taken as the input to the (GA). While the third step is a classification which is carried out by GA. The proposed approaches are tested on a ten Arabic word. The recognition rate is 90%.
The relationship between mental arithmetic and estimate approximate skill and solving mathematical problems among sixth grade students"
Authors: Fattah Assist prof Dr. Sudail Adel
Published: March 2021

The research aims to find out the relationship between mental arithmetic and estimate approximate skill and solving mathematical problems among sixth grade students in :Baghdad by answering the following questionsIs there a statistically significant correlation between mental arithmetic and approximate estimate the sixth grade pupils skill?Is there a statistically significant correlation between mental arithmetic skill and solving mathematical problems among sixth gradersPrimary?Is there a statistically significant correlation between the rough estimate and solving mathematical problems among sixth grade students?Be the research community of the disciples of sixth grade in the city of Baghdad / Rusafa first for the academic year 2015/2016, where numbered (8710), a pupil was chosen from a random sample consisted of 302 pupils either search tool is about three tests, one of them related to the account the mental and the other approximate estimate and last sports problems and after verifying the validity and reliability of the tests were applied to the sample and the results showed the weakness of students in mental arithmetic and estimate approximate skill and solving math problems and the existence of a correlation between them.The study concluded that a number of recommendations including:Further research on an objective mental arithmetic and solving math problems, and include mathematics curriculum activities develop mental arithmetic and approximate estimate and solving math problems.
Abstract Expressionism Techniques in John Ashbery’s "Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror"
Authors: Taha,PhD Dr. Aseel Abdul-Lateef
Published: March 2021

John Ashbery (1927-) is one of the most prominent postmodern poets in America who is known for his innovative techniques. He continues to be the most controversial poet, as he disregards the laws of logic in picturing reality. Ashbery’s style is deeply influenced by the experimental methods of modern painting.  He has been mostly associated with Abstract Expressionism that signifies the great progress in the European avant-garde visual art. The Abstract expressionists often choose to present subjects in graceful distortion, rather than attempt to record life with absolute accuracy. Ashbery’s “Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror” is typical of ekphrastic poetry. It is inspired by a painting which has the same title by the sixteenth-century Italian painter, Francesco Mazzola. The painting is not a realistic portrait of the painter, for it is deliberately distorted as it would be in a convex reflection. Ashbery unfolds the essence of postmodern poetry which illustrates the inability of the forms of language to capture the reality beyond the mental image. Like the Abstract Expressionists, he makes of his poems a depiction of the real workings of the mind which is liberated from all the constraints.  Furthermore, the poem is a verbal depiction of the painting; it assumes and transforms the inner voice of the portrait.
On The Impact of Cultural reference in BBC`s Business Articles
Authors: Abu Joloud M. May Salih
Published: March 2021

Business texts are included within the informative texts which are the texts whose primary goal is to provide information. They usually include explanations, descriptions, analysis and expository details and examples. The research focuses on the business reports provided by the BBC. The business service in the BBC provides a complete coverage of the market data, economy, companies, technology of business and the entrepreneurship. In this research business reports have been chosen to examine the employment of cultural concepts and the impact a definite culture may have within the frame of highly informative texts; i.e. the business texts. This research is concerned with (business journalism) which covers news and features articles about people, places, and issues related to business. Business journalists may also cover processes, trends, consequences, and important people. The use of cultural concepts in business reports is not one of the main features of the language of business, but it is much related to the traits of journalism with its main goal of capturing the reader`s attention. what the research seeks is the impact of such use of cultural concepts on the understanding of business information.
Identity Crisis in the critical discour
Authors: Hindy Assist . prof Dr. Hassan Salim
Published: March 2021

The challenge facing our nation at the level of identity and privacy of the most dangerous forms of the challenge and the most lethal in the entity of the nation, and it seems this fresh in the social, political and economic aspects illustrated at its peak in the intellectual, literary and cultural aspects, and tools responsible for evaluating namely Monetary who is suffering from a crisis of identity and belonging .otbdo the features of this crisis in several directions: those related to the impact of doctrines expatriate cash and curricula that are not consistent in its premises and perceptions and ideas with the nature of Arab literature and privacy, including with regard to the language of criticism itself transformed by the translator and the tendency philosophical to another crisis transformation without understanding the critical texts , with which it has complete chaos on the level of use of terms and localization adding new problematic and other crisis. This comes in the whole framework of the unclear position of heritage in general and monetary Heritage in particular.
The Research Receive theory and aesthetics of Performance and application endoscopy
Authors: Rashid Assist. Prof. Dr. Ansam Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Goes our search to make reading the receive theory and begin to enter into dialogue with them and discuss the details since its beginnings and the accountability of the philosophical and practical steps would also like that our research provides and analysis of the textual experience poet Mohammed Maghout one of the Pioneers of Arabic prose poem of our belief Textual analysis of the poem the poet and down to reveal cash fact associated with one of the most important cash curriculum postmodern.

       Which restored the Prestige of the recipient and the creative and focused on making material innovation provided to the recipient of the same receiver did not stop in front of inconclusive end to it Valthalil and Monetary open courtyard of the critic and the recipient of the poem diverse and creative works.

       Find the oretical and applied to gether and did not lose sight of detail in what it says founding curriculum (Lyawas and WISER) Pole Constance German School and the separation of their theory of the American reception and we have found that the Prose style of writing poetic Arabic new and Problematic and the need for testing we chose the receiving theory so in furtherance of the destination of the cash we look.
Map valuation of Map elements in the Geographic studies Comparative study of theses and distraction of department of Geography college of Education for girls and college of Education ( Ibn- Rushid ) University of Baghdad for the period ( 2000- 2015 )
Authors: Rasheed Dr . Wesam Ahmed
Published: March 2021

This research aims to study elements of map through evaluation of using elements of map ofone hundred theses and dissertations of geography department in the college of Education for girls –university of Baghdad. The researcher makes a comparison between this department and the department of geography in the college of Education – IbnRushid – university of Baghdad that he would know which department is better in producing maps having accuracy in using elements of map especially if we know that the first department is in need of specialized professors, the other department has specialist in cartography. The research reaches to that some researchers fails in following some basic rules of maps. From other side, the research realizes that there is a clear development in producing a high quality map through using new technologies and programs by researchers. As to comparison which is made between two departments, the second department has a wide maintaining in elements of maps as there are specialized professors of cartography having the ability in producing accurate and scientific maps through supervision or giving advice .