bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of surface silicon modification of H-beta zeolites for alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene
Authors: Li Ruimin , Xing Shiyong , Zhang Shuai , Han Minghan
Published: March 2020

β zeolite with large grain size has higher external surface acid passivation efficiency while that of β zeolite with small grain size is very low due to severe agglomeration.
Rapid synthesis of 3-amino-1H-isochromene from ortho-ynamidyl het(aryl) aldehyde derivatives
Authors: Habert Loïc , Diachenko Iryna , Gillaizeau Isabelle
Published: March 2020

Fast synthesis of 3-amino-1H-isochromene from in situ generated ortho-ynamidyl het(aryl) aldehyde derivatives.
Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of azaphilones
Authors: Chen Chunmei , Tao Huaming , Chen Weihao , Yang Bin , Zhou Xuefeng , Luo Xiaowei , Liu Yonghong
Published: March 2020

Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of structurally diverse azaphilones from 2012 to 2019.
Fabrication of fibrillated and interconnected porous poly(ε-caprolactone) vascular tissue engineering scaffolds by microcellular foaming and polymer leaching
Authors: Hou Jianhua , Jiang Jing , Guo Haiyang , Guo Xin , Wang Xiaofeng , Shen Yaqiang , Li Qian
Published: March 2020

This paper provides a method combining eco-friendly supercritical CO2 microcellular foaming and polymer leaching to fabricate small-diameter vascular tissue engineering scaffolds.
Synthesis of Fe3O4 nanocomposites for efficient separation of ultra-small oil droplets from hexadecane–water emulsions
Authors: Mi Tianwen , Cai Yuxuan , Wang Qing , Habibul Nuzahat , Ma Xiaoli , Su Zhi , Wu Wei
Published: March 2020

A facile one-pot synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibited excellent separation efficiency with a low dosage and reusability when applied to hexadecane–water emulsions containing ultra-small droplets.
Sea-shell-like B31+and B32: two new axially chiral members of the borospherene family
Authors: Pei Ling , Yan Miao , Zhao Xiao-Yun , Mu Yue-Wen , Lu Hai-Gang , Wu Yan-Bo , Li Si-Dian
Published: March 2020

Two new axially chiral sea-shell-like boron clustersC2B31+(a) andC2B32(b) are presented at first-principles theory level to the borospherene family.
Electrophilic alkylation of arenes with 5-bromopyrimidine en route to 4-aryl-5-alkynylpyrimidines
Authors: Shcherbakov Stanislav S. , Magometov Artyom Yu. , Shcherbakova Viktoriia Yu. , Aksenov Alexander V. , Domenyuk Dmitriy A. , Zelensky Vladimir A. , Rubin Michael
Published: March 2020

Efficient assembly of 4-aryl-5-alkynylpyrimidines is described featuring novel Brønsted acid-catalyzed electrophilic alkylation of arenes with 5-bromopyrimidine as a key step.
Unravelling the effect ofN(ε)-(carboxyethyl)lysine on the conformation, dynamics and aggregation propensity of α-synuclein
Authors: Mariño Laura , Ramis Rafael , Casasnovas Rodrigo , Ortega-Castro Joaquín , Vilanova Bartolomé , Frau Juan , Adrover Miquel
Published: March 2020

We study the effect of an advanced glycation end product (N(ε)-(carboxyethyl)lysine), found on the Lewy bodies of people suffering from Parkinson’s disease, on the conformational and aggregation features of alpha-synuclein.
Synthesis of secondary and tertiary amides without coupling agents from amines and potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs)
Authors: Schuhmacher Anne , Shiro Tomoya , Ryan Sarah J. , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: March 2020

Oxidative amidation of potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) and amines via trifluoroborate iminiums (TIMs) delivers amides without coupling agents. This unusual approach to amides can be applied for the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules and for solid-phase peptide synthesis.
The logarithmic Zipf law in a general urn problem
Authors: Doumas Aristides V. , Papanicolaou Vassilis G.
Published: March 2020

The origin of power-law behavior (also known variously as Zipf’s law) has been a topic of debate in the scientific community for more than a century. Power laws appear widely in physics, biology, earth and planetary sciences, economics and finance, computer science, demography and the social sciences. In a highly cited article, Mark Newman [Contemp. Phys. 46 (2005) 323–351] reviewed some of the empirical evidence for the existence of power-law forms, however underscored that even though many distributions do not follow a power law, quite often many of the quantities that scientists measure are close to a Zipf law, and hence are of importance. In this paper we engage a variant of Zipf’s law with a general urn problem. A collector wishes to collect m complete sets of N distinct coupons. The draws from the population are considered to be independent and identically distributed with replacement, and the probability that a type-j coupon is drawn is denoted by pj, j = 1, 2, …, N. Let Tm(N) the number of trials needed for this problem. We present the asymptotics for the expectation (five terms plus an error), the second rising moment (six terms plus an error), and the variance of Tm(N) (leading term) as N →∞, when

pj = aj / ∑j=2N+1aj, where aj = (ln j)−p, p > 0.

Moreover, we prove that Tm(N) (appropriately normalized) converges in distribution to a Gumbel random variable. These “log-Zipf” classes of coupon probabilities are not covered by the existing literature and the present paper comes to fill this gap. In the spirit of a recent paper of ours [ESAIM: PS 20 (2016) 367–399] we enlarge the classes for which the Dixie cup problem is solved w.r.t. its moments, variance, distribution.
Ligand-Free and Recyclable Palladium(II) Acetate Catalyzes the Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids with Arylboronic Acids in Aqueous PEG-400
Authors: Tang Bo-Xiao , Zou Hong , Xie Bao-Xing , Zhong Hai-Qing , Wang Yi-Hua , Chen Ying , Hu Min , Wen Qi-Qi , Yang Shi-Yao
Published: March 2020

A novel and ligand-free method was developed for the decarboxylative cross-coupling of alkynylcarboxylic acids with arylboronic acids. By using an environmentally friendly H2O–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-400) system as the reaction medium, a series of internal alkynes were synthesized in good yields and with remarkable selectivity. The Pd(OAc)2–H2O–PEG-400 catalytic system could be used for up to three cycles without any loss of activity, demonstrating the robustness of the approach.
C–H Insertion Reactions of Donor/Donor Carbenes: Inception, Investigation, and Insights
Authors: Shaw Jared T.
Published: March 2020

Insertion reactions of donor/donor carbenes have emerged from obscurity to become a versatile method for the synthesis of a variety of cyclic structures with excellent control of diastereo- and enantio­selectivity. This Account describes the origin of this project as part of a natural product synthesis and the ensuing decade of reaction development that has resulted in new asymmetric methods as well as intriguing tangential observations.
Multiple Impacted Teeth: Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Bayar Gürkan Raşit , Ortakoḡlu Kerim , Sencimen Metin
Published: March 2020

While impaction of tooth is widespread, multiple impacted teeth by itself is a rare condition and often found in association with syndromes such as cleidocranial dysplasia or Gardner’s syndrome. A light of radiographic examination, we describe three Turkish young males with multiple impacted teeth who didn’t possess any systemic conditions or syndromes involving both jaws. The first patient, a 21-year-old young male, had 16 unerupted teeth and 5 unerupted supernumerary teeth. The second patient with totally edentulous mandible, a 20-year-old young male, had 31 unerupted teeth. The third patient, a 21-year-old young male, had 22 unerupted teeth and 4 unerupted supernumerary teeth. Based on the clinical presentation, radiographic examination and histopathological studies, this paper discusses the differential diagnosis and management of such cases. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:73-78)
Mandibular Incisor Extraction Treatment of a Class I Malocclusion with Bolton Discrepancy: A Case Report
Authors: Bayram Mehmet , Özer Mete
Published: March 2020

Many approaches for crowded mandibular anterior teeth are currently employed: distal movement of posterior teeth, lateral movement of canines, labial movement of incisors, interproximal enamel reduction, removal of premolars, removal of one or two incisors, and various combinations of the above. Selecting the best treatment is often difficult, and all guidelines do not apply to every case. Treatment by extraction of one single mandibular incisor is not popular in the orthodontic profession despite the apparent advantages of the extraction in the region of crowding. A case report is presented one mandibular incisor extraction treatment of a 16 year-old female with a Class I malocclusion that shows a significant mandibular arch length deficiency and mandibular tooth-size excess. In this case, the degree of mandibular anterior dental crowding, existing mandibular tooth-size excess, and the dental midline discrepancy were indicated the extraction of one mandibular incisor. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:54-59)
Three-dimensional tricritical spins and polymers
Authors: Bauerschmidt Roland , Lohmann Martin , Slade Gordon
Published: March 2020

We consider two intimately related statistical mechanical problems on Z3: (i) the tricritical behavior of a model of classical unbounded n-component continuous spins with a triple-well single-spin potential (the |φ|6 model) and (ii) a random walk model of linear polymers with a three-body repulsion and two-body attraction at the tricritical theta point (critical point for the collapse transition), where repulsion and attraction effectively cancel. The polymer model is exactly equivalent to a supersymmetric spin model, which corresponds to the n = 0 version of the |φ|6 model. For the spin and polymer models, we identify the tricritical point and prove that the tricritical two-point function has Gaussian long-distance decay, namely, |x|−1. The proof is based on an extension of a rigorous renormalization group method that has been applied previously to analyze |φ|4 and weakly self-avoiding walk models on Z4.
Plasmonic titanium nitride via atomic layer deposition: A low-temperature route
Authors: Fomra Dhruv , Secondo Ray , Ding Kai , Avrutin Vitaliy , Izyumskaya Natalia , Özgür Ümit , Kinsey Nathaniel
Published: March 2020

To integrate plasmonic devices into industry, it is essential to develop scalable and CMOS compatible plasmonic materials. In this work, we report high plasmonic quality titanium nitride (TiN) on c-plane sapphire grown by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. TiN with low losses, high metallicity, and a plasma frequency below 500 nm was achieved at temperatures less than 500 °C by exploring the effects of chemisorption time, substrate temperature, and plasma exposure time on the material properties. A reduction in chemisorption time mitigates premature precursor decomposition at TS > 375 °C, and a trade-off between reduced impurity concentration and structural degradation caused by plasma bombardment is achieved for 25 s plasma exposure. 85 nm thick TiN films grown at a substrate temperature of 450 °C, compatible with CMOS processes, with 0.5 s chemisorption time and 25 s plasma exposure exhibited a high plasmonic figure of merit (|ε′/ε′′|) of 2.8 and resistivity of 31μΩcm. As a result of the improved quality, subwavelength apertures were fabricated in the TiN thin films and are shown to exhibit extraordinary transmission.
Uniqueness of solution to inverse Dirac spectral problems associated with incomplete spectral data
Authors: Wei Zhaoying , Wei Guangsheng
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we study the inverse Dirac spectral problem defined on [0, a] with the boundary condition at a involving a Nevanlinna function f(λ). When f(λ) is known a priori, we prove that the potentials and the other boundary condition are uniquely determined in terms of appropriate partial information on the spectral data consisting of eigenvalues and normalizing constants.
Development of 3D neuromuscular bioactuators
Authors: Aydin Onur , Passaro Austin P. , Elhebeary Mohamed , Pagan-Diaz Gelson J. , Fan Anthony , Nuethong Sittinon , Bashir Rashid , Stice Steven L. , Saif M. Taher A.
Published: March 2020

Neuronal control of skeletal muscle bioactuators represents a critical milestone toward the realization of future biohybrid machines that may generate complex motor patterns and autonomously navigate through their environment. Animals achieve these feats using neural networks that generate robust firing patterns and coordinate muscle activity through neuromuscular units. Here, we designed a versatile 3D neuron-muscle co-culture platform to serve as a test-bed for neuromuscular bioactuators. We used our platform in conjunction with microelectrode array electrophysiology to study the roles of synergistic interactions in the co-development of neural networks and muscle tissues. Our platform design enables co-culture of a neuronal cluster with up to four target muscle actuators, as well as quantification of muscle contraction forces. Using engineered muscle tissue targets, we first demonstrated the formation of functional neuromuscular bioactuators. We then investigated possible roles of long-range interactions in neuronal outgrowth patterns and observed preferential outgrowth toward muscles compared to the acellular matrix or fibroblasts, indicating muscle-specific chemotactic cues acting on motor neurons. Next, we showed that co-cultured muscle strips exhibited significantly higher spontaneous contractility as well as improved sarcomere assembly compared to muscles cultured alone. Finally, we performed microelectrode array measurements on neuronal cultures, which revealed that muscle-conditioned medium enhances overall neural firing rates and the emergence of synchronous bursting patterns. Overall, our study illustrates the significance of neuron-muscle cross talk for the in vitro development of neuromuscular bioactuators.
Bias current and temperature dependence of polarization dynamics in spin-lasers with electrically tunable birefringence
Authors: Lindemann M. , Jung N. , Stadler P. , Pusch T. , Michalzik R. , Hofmann M. R. , Gerhardt N. C.
Published: March 2020

We investigate and compare the intensity and polarization dynamics in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a monolithically integrated, electrically controlled birefringence tuning mechanism. The influence of the bias current on the polarization dynamics is investigated over a large range of birefringence values. Bias current tuning toward low values and simultaneous maximization of the resonance frequency is an important strategy to optimize the spin-VCSEL toward energy-efficient operation. A polarization dynamics resonance tuning range from a few GHz up to the maximum frequency of 36 GHz was achieved, and polarization dynamics at maximum frequency are demonstrated at minimum bias current and at high temperatures of approximately 70 °C. We propose a strategy for data communication with low energy consumption and low cooling effort.
A unified model for vertical doped and polarized superjunction GaN devices
Authors: Huang Haimeng , Cheng Junji , Yi Bo , Zhang Weijia , Ng Wai Tung
Published: March 2020

A unified model is proposed to characterize the breakdown voltage (BV) and specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) for vertical doped superjunction (d-SJ) and polarized superjunction (p-SJ) GaN power devices. This study is based on the recently published compensated-pillar superjunction (cp-SJ) structure. A two-dimensional model for the electric field is analytically formulated using the Green's function method. Numerical calculations and TCAD simulations demonstrate that, for a given pillar depth, the p-SJ device has a lower BV than the d-SJ device with a wide pillar width. However, when the pillar width is less than 200 nm, both devices demonstrate a maximum BV that is close to the intrinsic structure. The Ron,sp unified model for the cp-SJ device, taking into account the junction field-effect transistor (JFET) effect in the drift region, also demonstrates that the p-SJ device has a superior Ron,sp over the d-SJ device. Considering the recently published impact ionization coefficients, the BV of the p-SJ device is analytically modeled as a function of the pillar depth. Finally, by applying the Lambert W-function, an exact closed-form relationship between Ron,sp and BV is presented.
Multiferroic LuFeO3 on GaN by molecular-beam epitaxy
Authors: Casamento Joseph , Holtz Megan E. , Paik Hanjong , Dang Phillip , Steinhardt Rachel , Xing Huili (Grace) , Schlom Darrell G. , Jena Debdeep
Published: March 2020

Hexagonal LuFeO3 exhibiting ferroelectricity and weak ferromagnetism is grown on metal-polar GaN by molecular-beam epitaxy. The oxide films exhibit smooth surface morphologies and are found to be single crystalline with an epitaxial relationship related by a 30° in-plane rotation relative to the GaN crystal structure. The LuFeO3 layers grown on GaN exhibit room-temperature ferroelectricity and low-temperature magnetic ordering. This epitaxial integration creates a heterostructure platform to explore and exploit the coupling of the ferroelectricity and magnetism of oxides with the strong spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization and the unique electronic and photonic properties of nitride semiconductors.
Numerical design of a highly efficient microfluidic chip for blood plasma separation
Authors: Li Guansheng , Ye Ting , Wang Sitong , Li Xuejin , UI Haq Rizwan
Published: March 2020

Blood plasma separation may be one of the most frequent operations in daily laboratory analysis so that a highly efficient separation could save time, cost, and labor for laboratory operators. A numerical technique is demonstrated in this work to design a highly efficient microfluidic chip that can separate 64% plasma from blood with 100% purity. Simulations are carried out for the blood flow by a hybrid method of smoothed dissipative particle dynamics and immersed boundary method (SDPD-IBM). SDPD is used to model the motion of blood flow, while IBM is used to handle the interaction between cells and plasma. A single bifurcation, as the elementary component of the microfluidic chip, is first examined to find an optimal parameter group of flow rate and branch angle, which can generate a maximum separation efficiency on the premise of 100% purity. Then, the microfluidic chip is designed based on the optimal parameter group and compared with the existing experimental chip to analyze its performance. It is shown that the designed chip has a separation efficiency about 40% larger than the experimental one. Finally, the performance of the designed chip is analyzed by investigating the parameter dependence, and two critical parameters are studied, the cell hematocrit and inflow rate. The results provide an optimal hematocrit of 10.4% and an optimal inflow rate of 13.3 μl/h in order to obtain a high efficiency and 100% purity, which provides guidance for the level of diluting blood and the speed of injecting blood in experiments.
Tomography system for two-dimensional observation of fluctuation in magnetized plasma
Authors: Yamasaki K. , Fujisawa A. , Nagashima Y. , Moon C. , Inagaki S. , Yamada T.
Published: March 2020

A tomography system is developed for observing local fluctuations, pursuing higher spatial resolution, over the entire plasma of a linear cylindrical plasma. The system is equipped with totally 126 lines-of-sight that are distributed equally to six sets of light guide arrays placed around the plasma. The system has succeeded in measuring the two-dimensional structure of plasma emission and resolving coherent fluctuation structures, with spatial resolution comparable to the ion Larmor radius.
Data-driven recovery of hidden physics in reduced order modeling of fluid flows
Authors: Pawar Suraj , Ahmed Shady E. , San Omer , Rasheed Adil
Published: March 2020

In this article, we introduce a modular hybrid analysis and modeling (HAM) approach to account for hidden physics in reduced order modeling (ROM) of parameterized systems relevant to fluid dynamics. The hybrid ROM framework is based on using first principles to model the known physics in conjunction with utilizing the data-driven machine learning tools to model the remaining residual that is hidden in data. This framework employs proper orthogonal decomposition as a compression tool to construct orthonormal bases and a Galerkin projection (GP) as a model to build the dynamical core of the system. Our proposed methodology, hence, compensates structural or epistemic uncertainties in models and utilizes the observed data snapshots to compute true modal coefficients spanned by these bases. The GP model is then corrected at every time step with a data-driven rectification using a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network architecture to incorporate hidden physics. A Grassmann manifold approach is also adopted for interpolating basis functions to unseen parametric conditions. The control parameter governing the system’s behavior is, thus, implicitly considered through true modal coefficients as input features to the LSTM network. The effectiveness of the HAM approach is then discussed through illustrative examples that are generated synthetically to take hidden physics into account. Our approach, thus, provides insights addressing a fundamental limitation of the physics-based models when the governing equations are incomplete to represent underlying physical processes.
Easy-cone magnetic structure in (Cr0.9B0.1)Te
Authors: He Yangkun , Fecher Gerhard H. , Kroder Johannes , Borrmann Horst , Wang Xiao , Zhang Lunyong , Kuo Chang-Yang , Liu Cheng-En , Chen Chien-Te , Chen Kai , Choueikani Fadi , Ohresser Philippe , Tanaka Arata , Hu Zhiwei , Felser Claudia
Published: March 2020

Although stoichiometric CrTe is difficult to synthesize because of the appearance of Cr vacancies, ferromagnetic Cr1−x Te compounds have attracted increasing attention. This work investigates single crystalline (Cr0.9 B0.1)Te with the Cr vacancies filled by B to stabilize the hexagonal crystal structure and shift the Fermi energy. The structural and magnetic properties have been characterized by experimental measurements and ab initio calculations. A collinear spin structure with an easy axis along c is observed at high temperature, whereas the magnetic moments localized at the Cr atoms gradually tilt away from the c-axis below 140 K. A maximum tilt angle of 30° is observed at a temperature of 2 K.
Learning pragmatics through tasks
Authors: Barón Júlia , Celaya M. Luz , Levkina Mayya
Published: March 2020

This study aims at examining the benefits of teaching L2 pragmatics with the use of tasks. The participants were
50 Catalan/Spanish bilingual students (aged 12–14) from three intact classes who were learners of English as a Foreign Language
and with an upper-intermediate level of proficiency. The three groups followed different approaches to teaching pragmatics: G1 was
instructed in pragmatics following a task-supported approach; G2 was also instructed in pragmatics but no tasks were used; and G3
was a control group with no instruction on pragmatics and no use of tasks, either. To assess pragmatic learning, role-plays were
used both before and after the pedagogical intervention. The pragmatic analysis focused on the speech acts of giving opinion,
agreeing/disagreeing, interrupting, and acknowledging the interlocutor. Results showed that the two instructed groups, regardless
of the type, were more pragmatically competent in the posttest in one of the pragmatic moves (i.e., interrupting). Additionally,
G1 presented statistically significant differences in the posttest when acknowledging the interlocutor. Regarding the control
group, no differences were found in any of the moves. These findings suggest that instruction in general, and task-supported
instruction in particular, has a positive impact on the development of interlanguage pragmatics in a classroom context.
The narrative structure of stressful interpersonal events
Authors: Ho Ivy K. , Newton Tamara L. , McCabe Allyssa
Published: March 2020

Narrating personal experiences helps people make sense of them and contributes to improved well-being. However,
little is known about how people recount stressful experiences that are interpersonal in nature. In this study, middle-aged North
American women (N = 36), with lifetime histories of victimization, provided accounts of a recent stressful
interpersonal event. High Point Analysis was applied to analyze the narratives. The majority (55%) of narratives were
characterized by extensive evaluative content, categorized as End at High Point. The next most common (38%) category of responses
were Emotional Narratives, characterized by a concentration of evaluative statements with little or no complicating action. Thus,
participants’ memories of their stressful interpersonal events were caught in an unresolved, emotionally charged, limbo. Results
reveal a novel approach to analyzing narratives of interpersonal stressors, and shed light on the relationship between
victimization histories and narration of interpersonal experiences.
A Kinetic Study on Supercritical Carbon-dioxide Extraction of Indonesian Trigona sp. Propolis
Authors: Fachri B A , Rizkiana M F , Muharja M
Published: March 2020

This work is to investigate the supercritical CO2 extraction of Indonesian Trigona sp. raw propolis. The kinetic study was conducted at CO2 mass flowrate of 15 g/min, the temperature of 50 °C and pressure (250-350 bar). The process was run for 3 h and the extract was accumulated every 30 min. The proposed mathematical extraction models were Sovova, Logistic and Reverchon. The result shows that Sovova model gives a good fit between calculated and data value. The Sovova model also has lower SSE than Logistic and Reverchon model. The highest extract of 46 wt% was achieved at extraction time of 60 min, the temperature of 50 °C, the mass CO2 flowrate 20 g/min and the pressure 300 bar. The extract constituent consisting of galangin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, kaempferol, and chrysin was detected by HPLC analysis. The antioxidant activity analyzed by DPPH method was expressed as IC50 and the value is comparable to ascorbic acid.
Simulation and Parametric Study of the Innovative Process to Produce High Purity Isopropyl Acetate with Ethylene Oxide Hydration as an Auxiliary Reaction
Authors: Wiratama I G P , Novianty V
Published: March 2020

Production of high purity isopropyl acetate by esterification is a difficult process since the equilibrium conversion is relatively low and there are azeotropes between isopropyl acetate with water and between isopropyl acetate with the reactants. In this research, an innovative process to produce high purity isopropyl acetate with auxiliary reaction of ethylene oxide hydration was proposed. The process consisted of a reactor and a simple distillation column. The auxiliary reaction abolished the water/isopropyl acetate azeotrope and shifted the esterification equilibrium to the right. Impacts of the reactor type, the feed temperature, the reflux ratio, and the bottoms rate were investigated by simulating the process in Aspen Plus software. The results revealed that the innovative IpAc production with auxiliary reaction of EO hydration gave very high esterification conversion (up to 99.8%) and very high purity of IpAc (up to 99.7%). These results were achieved when the reactor type was isothermal at feed temperature, the feed temperature was 77°C, the reflux ratio was 1, and the bottoms rate was 10 kmol/h.
Evaluation of CCS Networks Based on Pinch Design Method in the Central Part of Indonesia
Authors: Handogo Renanto , Juwari  , Altway Ali , Annasit
Published: March 2020

At least for two decades, various techniques have been developed to solve the greenhouse gas emissions problem. The carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is the main solution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the industrial sector and power plant. CCS involves the capture of CO2 emissions from an exhaust gas, transporting and storing in geological storage. All of these CCS activities give several planning problems related to geographical conditions that may be an archipelago country, a considerable distance between the CO2 sources and sinks, and the difference in time of CO2 capturing and injecting to storage. The process integration technique by pinch design method can be used for CCS networks. This paper presents an application of pinch design method for CCS networks in central parts of Indonesia. The integration of carbon incentive and carbon tax is proposed to evaluate the value of CCS networks. The effect of time difference between sources and sinks on the amount of CO2 uncaptured was considered to assess the sensitivity of CCS project’s value. The results showed that the combination of pinch design method with the carbon trading and carbon tax provided a potential method to assess the effectiveness of CCS networks.
Antioxidant Stability Testing On Liquid And Powder Eichhornia Crassipes Extract
Authors: Nugriani Nandhita Octavia , Dr. –Ing. Diah I. W. , M.Sc S.T , Yusri Silvya , M.T S.Si
Published: March 2020

Water hyacinth or Eicchornia crassipes is a free-floating aquatic plant and is easily found in swamps or rivers. The rapid growth of water hyacinth can disrupt the aquatic environment, thus water hyacinth is categorized as one of the world’s worst weed. The challenge is not on how to eliminate the number of this weed, but on how to take advantage by the presence of this water plant. Water hyacinth is known to contain high phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Water hyacinth was extracted using 96% ethanol/water with mass to solvent ratio of 1:30 at 3 different temperatures (30°C, 40°C, 50°C). Spray drying was conducted to produce extract powder with the addition of maltodexrin and Arabic gum as the encapsulating agents. The stability of liquid and powder extract was compared based on the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and antioxidant activity. The highest TPC was obtained from extraction at 30°C whereas the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from extraction at 50°C. In powder extract, the highest TPC and antioxidant activity was obtained from powder with ratio 2:1 of TSS to encapsulating agents. The stability was performed under different storage conditions. The degradation of TPC was faster in room temperature.
Effect of Combining Microbial Cellulose Pulp from Nata de Tomato with Tomato Powder on Paper Qualities
Authors: Sugiarto D , Wanta K C , Miryanti Y I P A
Published: March 2020

Tomato is a fruit that does not last long (perishable), so it is necessary to find another alternative to increase its economic value. One of those alternatives that can be done is by making a fermented product called nata de tomato. Nata de tomato contains microbial cellulose which is formed by the bacteria Acetobacter xylinum. This microbial cellulose has some advantages over the typical cellulose found in common plants. Thus, it potentially could be further developed in the papermaking. This research was conducted to study the effects of combining microbial cellulose pulp from nata de tomato with tomato powder on paper quality, such as water content, grammage and water absorbency. In this research, the tomato filtrate was used as a growth medium for Acetobacter xylinum to produce nata de tomato. Then, nata de tomato was shredded into pulp, while its waste was dried into tomato powder and used as additional material for the pulp. This research was designed using a single factor experiment with variation in the addition of tomato powder by 0, 1, 3 and 5 % (w/w). The effects of this variation observed using variance analysis and significant test using the LSD (Least Significant Difference) method.
Methane Storage Performance in NiO Modified Soybean Straw Based-Activated Carbon
Authors: Nafisah A.R. , Yuliusman  , Nasruddin  , Nugroho Y.W
Published: March 2020

Adsorbed natural gas technology can be developed through the development of its adsorbent, especially activated carbon (AC). Biomass-based AC is possible to synthesize, especially by soybean straw which has cellulose content of 44-48 % and hemicellulose content up to 14%. Soybean straw-based AC with surface area 741 m2/g was used and through modifying process using metal oxide. The NiO-modification was done with a concentration variation of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. Natural gas adsorption by synthesized AC was executed in the pressure range of 5-10 bars with interval 1 bar and temperature variation of 27°C, 31°C, and 35°C. The best non-modified AC was obtained with ZnCl2 as an activator with Sbet of 741 m2/g and iodine number of 578 mg/g. The best modified AC was obtained with 2%-NiO modification with ZnCl2 as an activator with SBET of 632 m2/g and iodine number of 535 mg/g. The best adsorption capacity of synthesized AC reached 31.9 mg/g by modified AC on 10 bars and 27°C, and desorption/adsorption efficiency reaches 41.87% on 35°C, showing the effects of pressure and temperature on adsorbed natural gas.
Synthesis and Characterization of Coffee Based-Activated Carbon with Different Activation Methods
Authors: Yuliusman  , Bernama A. , Nafisah A.R.
Published: March 2020

Activated carbon (AC) is used in many applications because it has many strengths such as high adsorption ability, inexpensive, and not hazardous. The use of agricultural waste in AC production has become a popular topic in recent years. One of the waste materials that can be utilized is coffee wastes. Indonesian have a high rate of coffee consumption which results in a high number of wastes. In general, the AC generation was done by three main steps; carbonization at 400 C, chemical activation using KOH and physical activation using CO2 with a 100 ml/minute flow rate. The obtained results showed that AC has the highest iodine number of 443.58 mg/g and a surface area of 399.05 m2/g. The SEM results indicated the pore had formed on the carbon surface. The carbon mass percentage was known at 67.5% from the EDX test. These results showed that coffee waste can be used as an alternative raw material and can be used for several needs.
Effect of Temperature on Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Coal Fly Ash Using Citric Acid
Authors: Prihutami Pramesti , Sediawan Wahyudi Budi , Astuti Widi , Prasetya Agus
Published: March 2020

Production of fly ash as a solid waste of coal combustion rises as the need of electricity in Indonesia increases. In 2020, the amount of fly ash produced is estimated to reach 9.72 million tons. Utilization of coal fly ash is still limited while poor handling on abundant amount of this material can cause air, soil and water pollution. This research aims to recover rare earth elements contained in coal fly ash. In this study, the recovery of La, Ce, Nd, Dy and Y was done using citric acid. Magnetic phase of fly ash with particle size less than 38 μm from PLTU Tanjung Awar-awar Tuban was leached with 300 mL citric acid of 0.5 M using solid/liquid ratio of 1:10. The experiment was carried out in various temperature of 26°C and 45°C. Liquid samples were taken at 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 minutes to be analyzed. The five elements recovered was found to rise until the end of the leaching period. Value of relative recovery also increases along with leaching temperature. The greatest recovery value is reached by yttrium that are 51.00% for leaching at 26°C and 83.35% at 45°C.
Microwave Assisted KOH Activation of Salacca Peel Dericed Activated Carbons as Adsorbents for Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Phase
Authors: Klemantan Johan , Kristianto Hans , Arie Arenst Andreas
Published: March 2020

In this study, salacca peel derived activated carbons (SPAC) were prepared by microwave assisted- KOH activation process. In the preparation process, the fixed mass ratio between salacca peel and KOH of 1:2 was used. Next, the effects of activation time (5, 15, 20 and 25 minutes) and microwave power (30, 380 and 700 W) on the characteristics of SPAC were then investigated. The BET surface area of SPAC was about 1491 m2/g for activation time of 25 minutes and microwave power of 700 W. The as-prepared SPAC was then then as adsorbents for methylene blue (MB) removal from aqueous phase. The adsorption data of SPAC were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and the best correlation was shown by the Langmuir isotherm with maximum capacity of 327.9 mg/g. The analyses of kinetic data showed that the adsorption of MB on SPAC follow the pseudo-second order kinetic model.
A Black Sherlock Holmes(1918): A Case Study in Racebending
Authors: McClellan Ann
Published: March 2020

With hundreds of Sherlock Holmes screen adaptations, the silent all-Black-cast A Black Sherlock Holmes (1918) remains an under-researched anomaly. The essay provides an overview of colourblind and colour conscious casting practices, ultimately advocating for adopting fan studies approaches to ‘racebending’. Racebending involves alternately ‘racing’ canonical characters from white to Black Minority Ethnic. After briefly reviewing representations of African Americans in blackface minstrelsy and early twentieth-century race films, the essay argues that A Black Sherlock Holmes highlights the ways in which race filmmakers were trying to reimagine new ways for African Americans to become part of dominant literary culture. In reimagining Sherlock Holmes as an African American, the film (re)inscribes Black people into prominent literary and cultural history. Because Knick Garter is doubly descended from two notable fictional detectives, America’s Nick Carter of dime novel fame as well as Britain’s legendary Sherlock Holmes, his very existence posits a new world where famous Black characters are as much a part of the American literary landscape as canonical characters from Hawthorne, Poe, and Twain. Viewing A Black Sherlock Holmes in light of the possibilities the film offers, rather than its limitations, allows viewers today to see the ways literary history, film, and race coalesced to highlight the possibilities of radical racial change in the post-Reconstruction era at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Reinfection Following Successful Direct-acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Cunningham Evan B , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Amin Janaki , Hellard Margaret , Bruneau Julie , Feld Jordan J , Cooper Curtis , Powis Jeff , Litwin Alain H , Marks Philippa , Dalgard Olav , Conway Brian , Moriggia Alberto , Stedman Catherine , Read Phillip , Bruggmann Philip , Lacombe Karine , Dunlop Adrian , Applegate Tanya L , Matthews Gail V , Fraser Chris , Dore Gregory J , Grebely Jason
Published: March 2020

Background

The aim of this analysis was to calculate the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection and associated factors among 2 clinical trials of HCV direct-acting antiviral treatment in people with recent injecting drug use or currently receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT).

Methods

Participants who achieved an end-of-treatment response in 2 clinical trials of people with recent injecting drug use or currently receiving OAT (SIMPLIFY and D3FEAT) enrolled between March 2016 and February 2017 in 8 countries were assessed for HCV reinfection, confirmed by viral sequencing. Incidence was calculated using person-time of observation and associated factors were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Seventy-three percent of the population at risk of reinfection (n = 177; median age, 48 years; 73% male) reported ongoing injecting drug use. Total follow-up time at risk was 254 person-years (median, 1.8 years; range, 0.2–2.8 years). Eight cases of reinfection were confirmed for an incidence of 3.1/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–6.3) overall and 17.9/100 person-years (95% CI, 5.8–55.6) among those who reported sharing needles/syringes. Younger age and needle/syringe sharing were associated with HCV reinfection.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate the need for ongoing monitoring and improved strategies to prevent HCV reinfection following successful treatment among people with ongoing injecting drug use to achieve HCV elimination.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT02336139 and NCT02498015.
Antibiotic Treatments During Infancy, Changes in Nasal Microbiota, and Asthma Development: Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Toivonen Laura , Schuez-Havupalo Linnea , Karppinen Sinikka , Waris Matti , Hoffman Kristi L , Camargo Carlos A , Hasegawa Kohei , Peltola Ville
Published: March 2020

Background

Early-life exposures to antibiotics may increase the risk of developing childhood asthma. However, little is known about the mechanisms linking antibiotic exposures to asthma. We hypothesized that changes in the nasal airway microbiota serve as a causal mediator in the antibiotics–asthma link.

Methods

In a population-based birth-cohort study in Finland, we identified longitudinal nasal microbiota profiles during age 2–24 months using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and an unsupervised machine learning approach. We performed a causal mediation analysis to estimate the natural direct effect of systemic antibiotic treatments during age 0–11 months on risks of developing physician-diagnosed asthma by age 7 years and the natural indirect (causal mediation) effect through longitudinal changes in nasal microbiota.

Results

In our birth cohort of 697 children, 8.0% later developed asthma. Exposure to ≥2 antibiotic treatments during age 0–11 months was associated with a 4.0% increase in the absolute risk of developing asthma (absolute increase, 95% CI, .9–7.2%; P = .006). The unsupervised clustering approach identified 6 longitudinal nasal microbiota profiles. Infants with a larger number of antibiotic treatments had a higher risk of having a profile with early Moraxella sparsity (per each antibiotic treatment, adjusted RRR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.15–1.66; P < .001). This effect of antibiotics on asthma was partly mediated by longitudinal changes in the nasal microbiota (natural indirect effect, P = .008), accounting for 16% of the total effect.

Conclusions

Early exposures to antibiotics were associated with increased risk of asthma; the effect was mediated, in part, by longitudinal changes in the nasal airway microbiota.
Effect of remote ischaemic conditioning on platelet reactivity and endogenous fibrinolysis in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a substudy of the CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gorog Diana A , Farag Mohamed , Spinthakis Nikolaos , Yellon Derek M , Bøtker Hans Erik , Kharbanda Rajesh K , Hausenloy Derek J
Published: March 2020

Aims

Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size in animal models of myocardial infarction. Platelet thrombus formation is a critical determinant of outcome in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Whether the beneficial effects of RIC are related to thrombotic parameters is unclear.

Methods and results

In a substudy of the Effect of Remote Ischaemic Conditioning on clinical outcomes in STEMI patients undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (ERIC-PPCI) trial, we assessed the effect of RIC on thrombotic status. Patients presenting with STEMI were randomized to immediate RIC consisting of an automated autoRIC™ cuff on the upper arm inflated to 200 mmHg for 5 min and deflated for 5 min for four cycles (n = 53) or sham (n = 47). Venous blood was tested at presentation, discharge (48 h) and 6–8 weeks, to assess platelet reactivity, coagulation, and endogenous fibrinolysis using the Global Thrombosis Test and thromboelastography. Baseline thrombotic status was similar in the two groups. At discharge, there was some evidence that the time to in vitro thrombotic occlusion under high shear stress was longer with RIC compared to sham (454 ± 105 s vs. 403 ± 105 s; mean difference 50.1 s; 95% confidence interval 93.7–6.4, P = 0.025), but this was no longer apparent at 6–8 weeks. There was no difference in clot formation or endogenous fibrinolysis between the study arms at any time point.

Conclusion

RIC may reduce platelet reactivity in the first 48 h post-STEMI. Further research is needed to delineate mechanisms through which RIC may reduce platelet reactivity, and whether it may improve outcomes in patients with persistent high on-treatment platelet reactivity.
Phylogenetic evaluation of the true-branched heterocytous cyanobacteria and description of soil dwelling Westiellopsis akinetica sp. nov.
Authors: Mishra Deeksha , Suradkar Archana , Saraf Aniket , Singh Prashant
Published: March 2020

Soil inhabiting true branching heterocytous cyanobacterium strain SNS 3 with T-type branching was collected from the campus of Banaras Hindu University, India and characterized using the polyphasic approach. Morphological observations showed the presence of akinetes (in chain), hormogonia and monocytes. Physiological characterization of strain SNS 3 showed high content of carotenoid in comparison to chlorophyll a content along with also exhibiting a higher C/N ratio in the nitrogen deficient BG110 medium. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and subsequent phylogeny indicated strong clustering of the strain SNS 3 within the Westiellopsis clade. Folded secondary structures of the ITS region showed visible differences in the D1-D1’ and BoxB helix of the strain SNS 3. The polyphasic approach indicated the strain SNS 3 as a new member of the genus Westiellopsis with the name proposed being Westiellopsis akinetica sp. nov. on the basis of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants. Intense phylogenetic evaluation of the entire true-branched heterocytous clade indicated the need for more revisionary attempts for demarcating the sensu stricto clades along with highlighting the scope for further taxonomic revisions in the future.
Star formation in low-redshift cluster dwarf galaxies
Authors: Rude Cody M , Sultanova Madina R , Kaduwa Gamage Gihan L Ipita , Barkhouse Wayne A , Kalawila Vithanage Sandanuwan P
Published: March 2020

Evolution of galaxies in dense environments can be affected by close encounters with neighbouring galaxies and interactions with the intracluster medium. Dwarf galaxies (dGs) are important as their low mass makes them more susceptible to these effects than giant systems. Combined luminosity functions (LFs) in the r and u band of 15 galaxy clusters were constructed using archival data from the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. LFs were measured as a function of clustercentric radius from stacked cluster data. Marginal evidence was found for an increase in the faint-end slope of the u-band LF relative to the r-band with increasing clustercentric radius. The dwarf-to-giant ratio (DGR) was found to increase toward the cluster outskirts, with the u-band DGR increasing faster with clustercentric radius compared to the r-band. The dG blue fraction was found to be ∼2 times larger than the giant galaxy blue fraction over all clustercentric distance (∼5σ level). The central concentration (C) was used as a proxy to distinguish nucleated versus non-nucleated dGs. The ratio of high-C to low-C dGs was found to be ∼2 times greater in the inner cluster region compared to the outskirts (2.8σ level). The faint-end slope of the r-band LF for the cluster outskirts (0.6 ≤ r/r200 < 1.0) is steeper than the Sloan Digital Sky Survey field LF, while the u-band LF is marginally steeper at the 2.5σ level. Decrease in the faint-end slope of the r- and u-band cluster LFs towards the cluster centre is consistent with quenching of star formation via ram pressure stripping and galaxy–galaxy interactions.