bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eingehüllt in Gold und Bein – Die techné des Chryselephantin als ›Mitstreit‹ im Mittelalter
Authors: Trinks Stefan
Published: January 2020

Gold and ivory were considered to be among the most valuable materials in the Middle Ages. Whereas ivory would represent skin or bone tissue, gold could simultaneously signify and disguise the presence of God. Their iconology is tied to the objects they are attached with, heightening their value. What has not been studied in great depth so far, however, is the range of combinations and the nature of the relationship of both combined as “chryselephantine” in the antique manner. In examples of mostly Carolingian and Ottonian front covers and reliquaries made from gold and ivory between the ninth and eleventh centuries, it is evident that both were treated as equally valuable and that their combination results not in a paragone but a synagon, or aesthetic comradeship.
“Must the Arts Suffer from the Progress of Reason?” Four Slave Statues, the 1790 Place des Victoires Debate, and the Urban Monument in Early Revolutionary France
Authors: Kraege Desmond
Published: January 2020

In June 1790, the Assemblée nationale decided that the statues of slaves surrounding the monument to Louis XIV on the Place des Victoires were offensive to the inhabitants of some French provinces, and should be removed. This triggered a wide-ranging debate in the Parisian press, with calls for the conservation of the monument or for the use of the statues in a new setting. The discussion dealt with the monument’s iconography, but also with its aesthetic and historical significance, and reflected wider debates on slavery and on the (un)popularity of the monarchy. The article analyses these arguments, points out the importance of public monuments in Parisians’ relation to their city, and shows how the removal of these statues was part of a climate of construction, rather than destruction.
Aneignung und ›Neuinszenierung‹ von Evangeliaren in institutionellem und liturgischem Gebrauch – drei Fallbeispiele
Authors: Oltrogge Doris
Published: January 2020

The paper presents three case studies of ancient Gospel Books which were reworked and adapted to changing liturgical and monastic practices. The reasons for the choice of a specific older manuscript are discussed, which could be the real or presumed connection with the foundation, but also the archaic character of the script. The methods of reworking include visual signs like bookmarks, nota bene signs, or display scripts to emphasize lecture texts. Whereas these revisions concentrate on the Gospel Book as a textbook, in another case the transformations focus on the whole manuscript as an object. The introduction of miniatures, purple pages, and gold script combined modern elements with allusions to ancient practices to create a tradition of ancient fundatio.
Vom Ambo zum Retabel – Das Klosterneuburger Goldschmiedewerk von Nikolaus von Verdun
Authors: Schlie Heike
Published: January 2020

The only signed work by Nicholas of Verdun, the metalwork which adorned the former ambo in the Klosterneuburg Monastery, was integrated into a foldable altarpiece around 1330 and thus transformed into a new medium. Besides being reframed, it was combined with new monumental paintings on the rear side of the triptych. It was not only handled differently and defined spatially in completely different terms, but the precious enamel- and metalwork could be hidden from sight by closing the wings. The added plates of metalwork at the center of the middle panel break up the hieratical and Eucharistic program of the original work, focusing the program on devotional affects. The metalwork and paintings form a sophisticated iconic reference system, pointing to the provost Stephan of Sierndorf, who had ordered the reframing. His painted figure, kneeling before the crucified Christ, reveals itself not only as the image of the donor, but also as the ideal beholder of the work or a further exemplum of perfect piety.
Evasion temporelle et fantaisie créatrice : usage des peintures du XVIIIe siècle dans les fictions romantiques
Authors: Thomas-Ripault Catherine
Published: January 2020

After 1830, many Romantic authors, inspired by the delicate and poetic paintings of the eighteenth century, endeavored to recreate their mood in novels or short stories. Through those pictorial representations, they imagined a blithe, refined, and dreamlike world, tinged with melancholy, allowing them to forget their own colorless time and express a degree of nostalgia for a bygone age. In the style of Rococo painters, however, Romantics also emphasized imperfection and weakness, gently mocking the ornate and frivolous forms the eighteenth-century artists played with. From their perspective, Rococo art therefore remained in an inferior position within the artistic hierarchy. Its singular forms, however, echoed their own quest for fancy and originality, and ultimately enabled them to depart from earlier Romanticism.
Vor- und Nachgeschichte Bild und Zeit bei Walter Benjamin
Authors: Zumbusch Cornelia
Published: January 2020

Benjamin’s approach to the history of the nineteenth century as a prehistory (Vorgeschichte) of modernity relies on his concept of the dialectical image. Starting from Benjamin’s interpretation of Proust’s narrative endeavor as the evocation of images that have not been seen before, this essay tries to situate Benjamin’s dialektisches Bild in new contexts. Examining Benjamin’s interest in Goethe’s Urphänomen as well as implicit references to Lessing’s concept of fruchtbarer Augenblick or Cassirer’s idea of symbolische Prägnanz, this essay stresses not so much the important but often considered aspects of discontinuity and destruction of chronological time, but tries to trace a hidden agenda: the affinity of Benjamin’s dialectical image to genetic processes.
Feeling and Form in Mark Bradford’s American Pavilion
Authors: Gogarty Larne Abse
Published: January 2020

Mark Bradford describes his practice as “social abstraction”, defined as “abstract art with a social or political context clinging to the edges”. The article addresses Bradford’s exhibition Tomorrow is Another Day at the American Pavilion at the 2017 Venice Biennale and considers the artist’s claim through the critical reception of his work alongside central debates within the history of modernism. It then explores how dispossession and racialization can be figured in relation to modernist myths such as the grid. Finally, in addressing the “social” in Bradford’s practice, the study questions the collaboration Bradford embarked on with Rio Terà dei Pensieri, an organisation supporting the reintegration of prisoners and people under criminal judgment in Venice, arguing that the reformism of that project cuts against Bradford’s use of myth as a mode of resistance.
Für eine meta-ethische Wende. Anmerkungen zur neueren Verantwortungsästhetik
Authors: Holert Tom
Published: January 2020

Dating back to the early 2000s, a much discussed ‘ethical turn’ of the discourse of contemporary art has affected (and continues to infect) the entire field, from art practice, to curating, to criticism, to education, to the business of art. This turn – which arguably resumes one of the steadfast dialectical features of modernism as such – has caused deep schisms between defenders of art’s autonomy and those who see art as increasingly obliged to engage in moral, social, and political issues – due to claimed urgencies of the contemporary condition. The essay ponders various conceptual and philosophical underpinnings of this ethical conjuncture and makes a plea for an aesthetics of responsibility in opposition to the neoliberal responsibilization palpable in contemporary art and culture.
Reworking Effectiveness: Art as a Politic of Redistribution – Some Remarks from a Polish Perspective
Authors: Załuski Tomasz
Published: January 2020

This article critically reworks the issue of the social impact of art in terms of its ‘effectiveness’. The study shows art’s general economy by taking into account a number of ambivalences, difficulties, and deficiencies related to art activities that turn towards the social, political, economic, and cultural exterior of the field of artistic production. Finally, it tries to mount a careful, complex, and balanced defense of their potentials. Reframing and grounding the discussion on artistic activism in selected concepts from political theory, the author argues that if artistic practices are to be socially effective, art needs to be understood and practiced as a politic of redistribution. A way of practicing such a politic is to be sought in understanding and performing action as susceptible to interception. This entails responsibility for the usage of an action, for co-actions that accompany it, and for potential alliances with intercepting subjects.
Anomaly and Autonomy: On the Currency of the Exception in the Value Relations of Contemporary Art
Authors: Vishmidt Marina
Published: January 2020

This essay is concerned with tracing the political dimensions of the ‘anomaly’ – in a period when the structuring conditions that the term refers to emerge rather as the ‘new normal’, even as historical continuities come to light and reveal that little is altogether new. We can see this in debates on whether contemporary art is exceptional or exemplary in a political economy characterised by the precarity of labour and life amidst relentless commodification. In this light, the article attends to the epistemic ‘economies’ of the rule and the exception, in order to foreground debates over value production in Marxist feminist and ecological theories of reproductive labour, with some attention as well to critical theories of race. This is an attempt to ground the status of the anomalous as a key means for the politics of artistic work and labour in the present.
Die fünfteilige Schöpfungsgeschichte Michelangelos und Platons Timaios
Authors: Garbe Otfried
Published: January 2020

Michelangelo based the design of the architectural frame of the Sistine Chapel ceiling on an underdrawing in a watercolor by Piermatteo d’Amelia, but he chose to subdivide it into nine bays. He then depicted the biblical story of Creation in five, rather than six, pictorial fields and made references to the number five in the fresco. This structure was intended to allude to the five Platonic bodies, which are a further development of the four elements and, according to Plato, explain the creation of the world. In the views of Augustine and of Christian Neoplatonists, there are close similarities between the creation story and the creation process as described in Plato’s Timaeus. They believed that Plato had imitated the story of Genesis. The remaining four panels would then symbolize the history of the human race and the classic four elements.
I Am Cleopatra: The Seduction and Stoicism of a Newly Identified Painting by Matthäus Merian the Younger (1621 – 1687)
Authors: Sanzsalazar Jahel
Published: January 2020

A previously anonymous Death of Cleopatra is here attributed to the Basel-born painter Matthäus Merian the Younger. Besides crucial stylistic connections with his known works, further evidence is given by a signed engraving, which was never associated with any known painting. The print is inscribed with a poem and a dedication to his patron Baron Septimus Jörger von Tollet. Word and image summarize the fascination and criticism that Cleopatra has aroused since antiquity. Presenting a warning against the power of her seduction while exhibiting her stoic death by virtue of the constancy of her love for Mark Antony, they respond to Merian’s adherence to the principles of Neostoicism. Merian creates a remarkably original Cleopatra that provides a key for future identifications of this lesser-known facet of his oeuvre.
Tricky, Fine, and Trapped: Painting the Femme Forte in Early Seventeenth-Century France
Authors: Knowles Marika Takanishi
Published: January 2020

Between the late 1620s and late 1640s, Jacques Blanchard, Simon Vouet, and Claude Vignon all painted the femme forte (strong woman), an exemplary, heroic femal type whose popularity was linked to the presence of Marie de Medici and Anne of Austria on the royal stage of France. This article puts early seventeenth-century French paintings of femmes fortes into conversation with period discourse regarding the reception of paintings and the status of women. Pictorial representation tended to cast the femme forte into contexts that compromised her exemplary status. Nude, on the verge of death by her own hand, the figure of the femme forte invited the very kind of sensual consumption that the femme forte herself attempted to disavow. Yet the ultimate threat posed by the femme forte was that her image might ‘trick’ male viewers into unwise actions.
Kuss eines Zyklopen. Die umgekehrte Perspektive Florenskis zwischen Kultbild und Kunstbild
Authors: Heffermehl Fabian
Published: January 2020

With his Reverse Perspective (1919) the Armeno-Russian theologian and mathematician Pavel Florensky denounced the monocular, ‘cyclopean’ vision otherwise seen as the main principle in Renaissance painting. Florensky connected the medieval icon with an ‘organic idea’ involving 1) binocular vision, 2) the observer’s movement in pictorial space, and 3) tactile proximity between observer and image. This article explores how ideas of perception relate to Florensky’s cultural criticism. His reverse perspective emerges as a complex controversy, not only between two principles in painting – the icon and the linear perspective. Florensky also challenges himself as a westernized intellectual, who, rooted in Orientalism, fails to defend a Russian Orthodox worldview.
Friedrich der Weise als Bauherr in Colditz, 1519 – 1525. Architektur, funktionale Struktur und Raumausstattung eines frühen Renaissanceschlosses zwischen »welsch und deutschen Sitten«
Authors: Syrer Christa
Published: January 2020

Frederick the Wise (1463– 1525), Elector of Saxony, was the leading cultural figure among the German princes of the early 16th century. He showed a special interest in architecture, but only little remains of his ambitious building projects except for Colditz Castle (rebuilt 1519 – 1525). This paper explores his active role as patron at Colditz focussing on the palace’s spatial structure and interior. Putting the Elector’s ideas into practice, the Saxon court painter Lucas Cranach the Elder was in charge of a uniform design which reflected humanist approaches to classical antiquity and different Renaissance styles. Following the model of Emperor Maximilian I, Frederick the Wise realised a sophisticated architectural concept at his residences that suited his noble status and ceremonial needs.
»Schwierigkeiten« an der Bibliothek Warburg 1920 bis 1922: Fritz Saxls Habilitationsverfahren an der Universität Hamburg
Authors: Hellwig Karin
Published: January 2020

By 1918, the very existence of the Warburg Library was endangered due to Aby Warburg’s serious illness. His family recruited the Viennese Fritz Saxl to come to Hamburg as acting director of the library. Starting in April 1920, Saxl, who had already worked with Warburg before the outbreak of the First World War, developed a comprehensive reform program to transform what was originally a private scholar’s library into a public research institute. One initiative was the pursuit of his habilitation in the spring and summer of 1922 with the goal of academic teaching and thereby creating a close link between the library and the newly founded Kunsthistorisches Seminar of the University of Hamburg. The reconstruction of the hitherto neglected habilitation procedure – and the difficulties that Saxl encountered – is based on newly discovered documents and sheds new light on the process of institutionalization of the Warburg Library between 1920 and 1922.
Local Medievalism: Bernward’s Doors, Hezilo’s Chandelier, and the Memorial Fountain for the Synagogue at Lappenberg in Hildesheim
Authors: Noga-Banai Galit
Published: January 2020

This article discusses a fountain erected in 1988 in memory of the Hildesheim Synagogue at Lappenberg, which was destroyed during Kristallnacht. It traces the relationship between this modern monument and Hildesheim’s rich artistic heritage, mostly from the Middle Ages and centered around the Christian Church. Based on the artists’ choice of technique and materials, as well as on an analysis of some of the monument’s iconography, the layout of its motifs, and its overall composition, the article argues that, although (and because?) the fountain commemorates a synagogue, it must have been expressly designed to evoke Hildesheim’s (Christian) cultural and historical memory so as to elicit the empathy of the local population.
Die imaginierte Natur des Papstes – Die Chambre du Cerf in Avignon
Authors: Blume Dieter
Published: January 2020

In a private room for Clemens VI (1342– 1352) in the palace of the popes at Avignon, frescoes show a peaceful vision of nature with flowering trees, numerous birds, and hunting scenes. There is a strong contrast between the castle-like architecture of the tower in which the room is located and the expansive view of plants and animals offered by the paintings. All of the people in the frescoes are more or less youthful, some collecting fruits, some bathing, and others trying to catch birds or rabbits. It is a very selective impression of nature, with much left out. The experience of nature articulated in the same period by Francesco Petrarca uses very similar elements. Apart from all differences, the frescoes and the writings of Petrarca share a newly emerged interest in nature in the middle of the fourteenth century.
A new attribution to Niccolò di Pietro Lamberti and a reconsideration of Guillem Sagrera: The sculptures on the Portal del Mirador of Majorca Cathedral
Authors: Cornudella Rafael
Published: January 2020

Art historians have long been interested in the Portal del Mirador of the cathedral of Majorca. While the account books provide a wealth of information on the identities of the artists who worked on the Portal, several issues still need to be reexamined. This article conducts an in-depth reassessment of the artistic culture of Guillem Sagrera. Against the most widely held opinions, which relate Sagrera’s style to that of Claus Sluter and trends in Burgundy, the author stresses the need to relocate the Majorcan’s formative itinerary and place it in the context of artistic strands and exchanges whose nerve center was in Paris. However, the attribution of the Mirador Madonna to Sagrera is definitively ruled out in favor of the Florentine school and specifically Niccolò di Pietro Lamberti.
ГУЦУЛЬСЬКИЙ ТЕКСТ В СИСТЕМІ НОВОГО УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ПИСЬМЕНСТВА: ПРИЧИНИ ПОЯВИ І ВЕКТОРИ РОЗВИТКУ (на підступах до вивчення художнього дискурсу Гуцульщини в українській літературі ХІХ – поч. ХХ ст.)
Authors: Васильчук Микола
Published: January 2020

У статті розглянуто обставини, які спричинили появу та впливали нарозвиток гуцульського тексту в новій українській літературі. Постання в українському красному письменстві художніх текстів на гуцульську тематику авторрозглядає в контексті другого відродження української нації, через призму суспільно-політичних змін, поширення ідеології романтизму тощо. Дослідник розкриває таємницю походження етноніму гуцул.
ЛІТЕРАТУРА УКРАЇНСЬКОГО БАРОКО В КОНТЕКСТІ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ ЕМБЛЕМАТИЧНОЇ ТРАДИЦІЇ
Authors: Солецький Олександр
Published: January 2020

У статті зосереджено увагу на зв’язках української барокової літератури з європейським емблематичним контекстом. Метою наукового дослідження є визначення функціональності, структурно-семіотичної своєрідності, інтерпретаційної поліморфності та методологічної придатності емблематичноїформи для характеристики художніх явищ XVI–XVIII століть.
СЛОВОТВІРНА КАТЕГОРІЯ ‘НЕПОВНИЙ ВИЯВ ОЗНАКИ’ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВІ В ЗІСТАВЛЕННІ З АНГЛІЙСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ
Authors: Грещук Богдан
Published: January 2020

У статті в зіставному аспекті проаналізовано словотвірну категорію«неповний вияв ознаки» в українській та англійській мовах. В українській мовізазначена словотвірна категорія репрезентована похідними деад’єктивнимиприкметниками з суфіксами -уват-, -еньк-, -ав- (-яв-), -аст- (-яст-) та з префіксами небез-, пів-, напів-, по-, при-. В англійській мові аналогічну словотвірну категорію формують відприкметникові утворення з суфіксами -ish, -y та з префіксами semi-, sub-, under-. Типовими семантико-функційними відповідникамиукраїнських деад’єтивів із суфіксом -уват словотвірної категорії «неповний виявознаки» в англійській мові переважно є деад’єктиви з суфіксом -ish. Низка українських деад’єктивів не мають в англійській мові словотвірних аналогів, їм відповідають номінативні структури, що містять прикметник певної семантики ізмодифікувальним прислівником (виразом) зі значенням ‘трохи’, ‘дещо’, ‘досить’тощо. Англійські деад’єктиви в багатьох випадках виступають аналогами іншихструктурних різновидів українських прикметникових утворень словотвірної категорії «неповний вияв ознаки», однак для більшості з них відповідниками є складені номінативні структури із модифікаторами з семантикою ‘трохи’, ‘дещо’,‘досить’. Українськими деад’єктивам із семантикою неповного вияву ознаки зпрефіксами пів-, напів- в англійській мові переважно відповідають утворення зпрефіксом semi- та композити з першим компонентом half-. Англійські похідніприкметники із запозиченим префіксом sub- не мають аналогів із вказаним формантом в українській мові, оскільки в ній префікс суб- задіяний не в градуальних, ав локативних модифікаціях ознаки.
ЗЛОЧИНИ НАЦИСТСЬКОЇ НІМЕЧЧИНИ В м. КАЛУШІ (1941–1944 рр.)
Authors: Адамович Сергій
Published: January 2020

У статті детально проаналізовано злочинну діяльність нацистськогорежиму проти єврейського та українського населення на території містаКалуша та Калуського району в роки Другої світової війни, яка кваліфікованаміжнародними правовими організаціями як злочини проти людства. Автор наоснові матеріалів Галузевого державного архіву Управління Служби безпекиУкраїни в Івано-Франківській області, Державного архіву Івано-Франківськоїобласті, спогадів жертв нацистських репресій та досліджень краєзнавців відстежує хронологію, форми та методи, за допомогою яких гітлерівці винищувалиєврейське населення міста та району. У статті на конкретних прикладах знищення євреїв Калуша та регіону продемонстровано нелюдськість нацистськогототалітарного режиму.Окрім опису знищення єврейського населення, у дослідженні детальнопроаналізовано боротьбу проти нацистів молодих українських націоналістів, якінавчалися в Калуській торговельній школі, арешти їх гестапівцями, перебігслідства та розстрілів юнаків. Участь у підпіллі учнів торговельної школи сталаще одним прикладом самовідданої боротьби Організації українських націоналістів проти гітлерівської Німеччини.Автор у статті з’ясовує роль і значення колабораціоністів з нацистськоїкримінальної поліції в знищенні мирного населення, а також пошуків їх в післявоєнний період радянськими спецслужбами та понесеної злочинцями кримінальноївідповідальності. Окрему увагу в науковій статті присвячено розшукам місцьзлочинів нацистів та їх прислужників, які сьогодні мали б працювати як місцяпам’яті для відвернення в майбутньому приходу до влади антилюдськихтоталітарних режимів.
РІЗЬБЯР МИКОЛА ГРЕПИНЯК І НАРОДНЕ МИСТЕЦТВО ГУЦУЛЬЩИНИ
Authors: Гнатюк Михайло
Published: January 2020

Стаття висвітлює творчий шлях відомого майстра і художника МиколиІвановича Грепиняка. Нині він патріарх сухої різьби та інкрустації, найбільшдосвідчений різьбяр на дереві і одночасно знавець народних промислів і ремесел наГуцульщині. Його твори зберігаються в багатьох музеях України, приватнихколекціях і за кордоном. Микола Іванович відомий численними публікаціями протворчість своїх земляків митців, успіхам яких щиро радіє. Член Національнихспілок художників і майстрів народного мистецтва, автор нарисів і книг з народного мистецтва. Уродженець села Брустури на Гуцульщині – осередку народних художніх промислів: різьбярства, бондарства, художнього металу (мосяжництва), вишивки, писанкарства, виробів із сиру, з юних років став їх дослідникомі популяризатором.Значне місце в творчості М. Грепиняка посідають графічні твори, зокремаекслібриси. Це оригінальне мініатюрне мистецтво, а також живопис, як іскульптуру, майстер опановував самотужки, під впливом професійних художників Є. Сагайдачного, В. Гуза, Г. Масика. Особливо ефективними ставали поради мистецтвознавців Ірини Матасяк, О. Соломченка, фотографа Я. Дацюката інших.Значний доробок М. Грепиняка в оформленні місцевих храмів: виготовлявсвічники, тетраподи, хрести напрестольні, ручні і процесійні, патериці, скарбнички, рамки оздоблені сухою різьбою та інкрустацією.Окремо відзначимо педагогічну діяльність майстра. Чимало його учнів обрали творчі професії, стали художниками, різьбярами, вчителями і загаломуспішними людьми.
ЛІТЕРАТУРНО-КРИТИЧНІ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ МИКОЛИ ЄВШАНА (На матеріалі статті П. Петренка «Естетичне «вірую» М. Євшана»)
Authors: Хороб Степан
Published: January 2020

Мета. У статті зроблено спробу систематизувати погляди Миколи Євшана на природу і функціонування літературної критики, її методологічні засновки та естетичне завдання, що випливають із дослідження Павла Петренка«Естетичне «вірую» Миколи Євшана», надрукованого в третьому, останньомувипуску збірника «МУР» (Мистецького Українського Руху) 1947 р. (Авгсбург,Німеччина). Крізь призму еміграційного вченого-літературознавця оприявлені нові підходи Миколи Євшана до аналізу художніх явищ, виявлено ефективність йоголітературно-критичної діяльності з метою розкрити домінуючі концепти йоготворчості. Дослідницька методика. Для вивчення задекларованої проблеми устатті використані герменевтична та інтерпретаційна методи, що дало змогупроаналізувати погляди і підходи Миколи Євшана в оцінці літературних явищ,здійснити їх систематику, а також осмислити його естетичні концепції влітературно-критичній спадщині, зроблені свого часу дослідниками з українськоїдіаспори, зокрема в рецепції малознаного літературознавця Павла Петренка.Результати. У статті доведено, що літературно-критична творчість МиколиЄвшана органічно вбирала в себе як нові теоретичні приписи словесного мистецтва, так і яскраві явища історико-літературного характеру, здебільшого ті,що були позначені ідеями західноєвропейського модернізму. На багатому літературно-художньому матеріалі як з українського, так і зарубіжного письменствааргументовано низку положень літературно-критичного і методологічного спрямування у творчості Миколи Євшана. Наукова новизна. Систематизовано погляди Миколи Євшана як критика не лише на розвиток творчості одного чи ряду українських письменників, а й літературного процесу перших десятиліть ХХ століття; визначено його провідні методи у дослідженні явищ художньої літератури; окреслено функціональний аспект його критичних рефлексій; вперше проаналізовано в світлі літературно-критичної діяльності Миколи Євшана досіне знану статтю літературознавця з української еміграції Павла Петренка.Практичне значення. Стаття може бути використана для подальшого вивчення літературно-критичної творчості Миколи Євшана, українського літературно-художнього процесу перших десятиліть ХХ століття, літературознавства української діаспори. Наукові результати дослідження можуть лягти в основунаписання магістерських і дисертаційних проектів, а також монографій пророзвиток української критики та її представників в Україні і в діаспорі.
Interview with Longterm Editor-in-Chief of Knygotyra, Professor Domas Kaunas (Full Member of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences)
Authors: Navickienė Aušra
Published: January 2020

Knygotyra (“Book Science”) is one of the longest existing scholarly journals among the periodicals published by Vilnius University. It has been in print since 1961. Until 1969, it was published under the title Bibliotekininkystės ir bibliografijos klausimai (“Issues of Librarianship and Bibliography”). During 1981–1991, as part of the series “Research Work of the Higher Education Institutions of the Lithuanian SSR,” it appeared in two volumes: one devoted to the problems of book history, publishing and distribution, and the other – to issues of libraries, bibliography, and information science. In 1990, the first volumes were turned into Knygotyra, a serial published by Vilnius University, while the second volumes were published independently under the title Informacijos mokslai (“Information Sciences”). Since 2003, Knygotyra has been regularly published twice a year as a scholarly journal. For decades, it has been referred to in Lithuanian and international databases as an open access, peer-reviewed journal and, since 2018, it is included into the Elsevier Scopus database. Domas Kaunas is the most experienced member of the Editorial Board and has been an Editor-in-Chief till 2019. Docent Genovaitė Raguotienė had been in this position for three years (1970‒1973), Professor Levas Vladimirovas – for fifteen years (1974‒1989), when Domas Kaunas subsequently joined the editorial board in 1979 and served as the Editor-in-Chief for three decades.
Vilnius Printers’ Ornaments in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century as a Source of the History of the Books
Authors: Kažuro Ina
Published: January 2020

This article focuses on the 18th century printers’ ornaments as an important group of sources of the history of the book. Until now, most studies in Lithuanian had focused on the decorations of books from the 16th– 17th centuries as well as contemporary publications. The present study through several perspectives analyzes the ornaments of the institutional printing houses of Vilnius from the second half of the 18th c. The importance of the chosen topic is substantiated not only with the scarcity of studies but also with the issues associated with the attribution of anonymous publications that had been disseminated during the hand-press period. The study’s sources were images of ornaments in the early printed books as well as European printers’ manuals and inventories of Vilnius printing houses from the period of 18th–early 19th c. The first part of the study has found that in the late 18th c., the Vilnius printers had used printers’ flowers (ornamental pieces of type) and six kinds of decorative blocks, which were carved in wood or metal (i.e., headpieces, tailpieces, vignettes, initials, factotums, and decorations of initial letters). Despite the clear function of these blocks, Vilnius printers freely experimented by placing them in unorthodox places within the books. In the second part of this study, based on a comparison of the printers’ ornaments, the ways of interaction between the Vilnius printing houses are disclosed and interpreted: ornament inheritance, division of labor, the renewal of publications in another printing house, and the falsification of publications. Also, the article discusses cases of ornaments migrating and being copied, which complicates the attribution of anonymous publications. Despite the exploratory nature of the study, it reveals new facts from the operations of 18th c. Vilnius printing houses and allows us to perceive some peculiarities of late GDL culture.
Act of Vandalism or Memory Communication? Some Thoughts on Polish-Lithuanian Graffiti Writing Tradition
Authors: Tolkačevski Kšištof
Published: January 2020

As a form of literacy, graffiti has existed throughout the ages. Many researches on epigraphy show that many examples of graffiti were left intact from the period of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. However, the purpose of their appearance was merely disputed in the scientific community.The main aim of this research is to ascertain the motives of the habits of inscribing graffiti among Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealths citizens. This study is a qualitative research that seeks an in-depth understanding of the phenomena of writing graffiti. Basic material for the research was gathered from ego-documents that are focused on the personal lives and experiences of the writers. The research is based on a detailed contextual analysis of several cases (case study method).This article examines several cases and gives some light on how and why graffiti were made. However, for more ample and accurate results, more extensive research must be done.
The Forbidden Book of the 18th c.: Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf’s „Stebuklingo Meile warginga Griekininko=Sʒirdis“ (1752)
Authors: Strungytė-Liugienė Inga
Published: January 2020

This article studies the Lithuanian treatise „Stebuklingo Meile warginga Griekininko=Szirdis priesz Jezaus kruwinos Ronus“, published in 1752 and currently stored in Berlin, in the Secret Archive of Prussian Cultural Heritage. Questions are raised regarding the attribution of the original version as well as the translation of the treatise, its composition and contents are discussed. The article provides the historical context of the 18th c. as well as the penetration of the Moravian movement and its attempts to consolidate within Prussian Lithuania. It was determined that the treatise is a Lithuanian translation of a theological treatise written by Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf (1700–1760), leader of the Moravian movement, and titled „Die erstaunliche Verliebtheit eines armen Sünder-Herzens gegen die blutigen Wunden Jesu“. This publication is unknown to book historians and is not registered in Lithuanian bibliographical issues. The translation was most probably done by Adam Friedrich Schimmelpfennig the Younger (1699–1763), Priest of Papelkiai, a well-known author of Prussian Lithuania, editor of the Lithuanian Bible (1755), translator of religious hymns and compiler of the official Evangelical Lutheran Church hymnal (1750).
Diffusion of the Discourse on Love of Reading in Europe from the 18th till the 20th Century
Authors: Mäkinen Ilkka
Published: January 2020

When reading in the 18th century became an activity common among an ever growing part of the European population and thereby a socially more visible cultural phenomenon, a need arose to create concepts and linguistic terms to refer to the new types of reading behavior. The new masses of readers did not seemingly have a rational goal for their reading, they just read for the sake of reading itself. Therefore, an explanation for their behavior was that they had a love of reading. To speak about people’s love of reading became a recurrent feature of the discourse on reading, a sub-discourse of its own, the discourse on the love of reading. The birthplace of the discourse may have been in 17th century France, wherefrom it was mediated into other countries and language areas. Even the contemporaries believed that the reading mania was contagious, and expected, feared, or hoped that something similar would happen in their own country. This caused debate and the use, even invention, of words and phrases that belong to the discourse on love of reading. Even the words and phrases used for speaking about reading migrated over linguistic, political, and social borders. The initiation, growth, and diffusion of the discourse can be followed by searching the typical words and phrases that indicate the presence of the discourse. Data were obtained from Google Books Ngram Viewer and national full-text databases of books and newspapers. A map representing the geographical diffusion of the discourse in Europe until the 20th century is constructed. The historical conditions for the diffusion of the discourse are discussed. Methodological problems are discussed and future research is outlined.
Respectus Philologicus, 2010 Nr. 17 (22)
Authors: Bankauskaitė Gabija
Published: January 2020

CONTENTS

I. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONSJurga Cibulskienė (Lithuania). Are Ideologies Reflected in Metaphors?...11Lara N. Sinelnikova (Russia). The Addresser as an Alter Ego of the Addressee...26

II. FACTS AND REFLECTIONSOleg N. Grinbaum (Russia). Chapter 3 in Pushkin’s Novel Eugene Onegin: Rhythm and Sense in Tatiana Larina’s Letter ... 43Jadvyga Krūminienė (Lithuania). Oscar Milosz as Translator: Playing Games with Memory... 55Magdalena Ożarska (Poland). 19th-Century Lake District as a Land of Tourists, Homemakers and Writers: a Selection of Writings by Dorothy Wordsworth, William Wordsworth and Harriet Martineau... 67Inga Bartkuvienė (Lithuania). Definitions of Nationality in the Theory of Homi K. Bhabha...79Mindaugas Grigaitis (Lithuania). Deconstruction of Jaques Derrida: Theoretical Postulates and Possibilities of Practice... 94Janusz Detka (Poland). Eastern Episode in Polish Poetry of 1955–1957... 106Kristina Bačiulienė (Lithuania). The Worldview of Marcelijus Martinaitis’ Collection of Poems K. B. Suspect... 120Yelena A. Nakhimova (Russia). Metaphorical Projection and Conceptual Integration in Political Communication... 130Anna Biyumena (Belarus). Verbs of Period and Existence in Political Discourse... 139Anna V. Vladimirova, Tatyana G. Skrebtsova (Russia). Discourse Strategies in Women and Men’s Glossies as a Reflection of Gender-Specific Behaviour... 148Joanna Bryła (Poland). Phraseological Units in Fashion Advertisements...159Michael Louis Bakalinsky (Ukraine). New Theory and Methodology of Social Dialect Studies: US Underworld Social Dialect as a Case in Point... 170Tatiana V. Poplavskaia, Tatiana I. Svistun (Belarus). The Interrelation between Types and Functions Abbreviations Perform in the Internet-Discourse... 186Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė (Lithuania). Review of Research Methods on Language E-Learning Interactions ...195Bernd Gliwa (Latvia), Daiva Šeškauskaitė (Lithuania). What Does Dievmedis (God’s Tree) Have in Common with God(s)?...205

III. OPINIONOlga Jagintseva (Estonia). The Ethnolinguistic and Etymological Aspects of the Noun Glyok ‘an Earthenware Jug’ ... 219

IV. OUR TRANSLATIONSPatrick Seriot (Switzerland). Oxymoran or Misundersanding. Anna Wierzbicka’s Universal Relativism of Natural Semantic Metalanguage. Part II. Translated by Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė... 227

V. SCIENTIFIC LIFE CHRONICLEBooks reviewsSaulius Lapinskas (Lithuania). MELNIKIENĖ, Danguolė, 2009. Dvikalbiai žodynai Lietuvoje: megastruktūros, makrostruktūros ir mikrostrutūros ypatumai... 233Eleonora Lassan (Lithuania). ЛАРИНА, Татьяна, 2009. Категория вежливости и стиль коммуникации. Сопоставление английских и русских лингвокультурных традиций... 237Galina Michailova (Lithuania). ЧЕРНЫХ, В. А., 2008. Летопись жизни и творчества Анны Ахматовой. 1889–1966... 241Barbarа Greszczuk (Poland). LUCIŃSKI, Kazimierz, 2009. Языковые заимствования и ментальность... 247

Announce ... 249

VI. REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLICATION... 250

VII. OUR AUTHORS... 258
Mecanismos de acción de Bacillus spp. (Bacillaceae) contra microorganismos fitopatógenos durante su interacción con plantas
Authors: Pedraza-Herrera Luz Adriana , Lopez- Carrascal Camilo Ernesto , Uribe Vélez Daniel
Published: January 2020

Algunos Bacillus spp. promotores de crecimiento vegetal son microorganismos reconocidos como agentes de control biológico que forman una estructura de resistencia denominada endospora, que les permite sobrevivir en ambientes hostiles y estar en casi todos los agroecosistemas. Estos microorganismos han sido reportados como alternativa al uso de agroquímicos. Sus mecanismos de acción se pueden dividir en: producción de compuestos antimicrobianos, como son péptidos de síntesis no ribosomal (NRPs) y policétidos (PKs); producción de hormonas, capacidad de colonización, formación de biopelículas y competencia por espacio y nutrientes; síntesis de enzimas líticas como quitinasas, glucanasas, protesasas y acil homoserin lactonasas (AHSL); producción de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (VOCs); e inducción de resistencia sistémica (ISR). Estos mecanismos han sido reportados en la literatura en diversos estudios, principalmente llevados a cabo a nivel in vitro. Sin embargo, son pocos los estudios que contemplan la interacción dentro del sistema tritrófico: planta – microorganismos patógenos – Bacillus sp. (agente biocontrolador), a nivel in vivo. Es importante destacar que la actividad biocontroladora de los Bacillus es diferente cuando se estudia bajo condiciones de laboratorio, las cuales están sesgadas para lograr la máxima expresión de los mecanismos de acción. Por otra parte, a nivel in vivo, la interacción con la planta y el patógeno juegan un papel fundamental en la expresión de dichos mecanismos de acción, siendo esta más cercana a la situación real de campo. Esta revisión se centra en los mecanismos de acción de los Bacillus promotores de crecimiento vegetal, expresados bajo la interacción con la planta y el patógeno.
The importance of antimicrobial compounds produced by beneficial bacteria on the biocontrol of phytopathogens
Authors: Cesa-Luna Catherine , Baez Antonino , Quintero-Hernández Verónica , De la Cruz-Enríquez Joel , Castañeda-Antonio Ma Dolores , Muñoz-Rojas Jesús
Published: January 2020

Bacteria produce antimicrobial compounds to compete for nutrients and space in a particular habitat. Antagonistic interactions can be evaluated by several methodologies including the double-layer agar and simultaneous inhibition assays. Among the well-known inhibitory substances produced by bacteria are the broad-spectrum antibiotics, organic acids, siderophores, antifungal, and bacteriocins. The most studied bacterial genera able to produce these inhibitory substances are Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Streptomyces, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Escherichia, and Burkholderia. Some beneficial bacteria can promote plant growth and degrade toxic compounds in the environment representing an attractive solution to diverse issues in agriculture and soil pollution, particularly in fields with damaged soils where pesticides and fertilizers have been indiscriminately used. Beneficial bacteria may increase plant health by inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms; some examples include Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Azospirullum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas protegens, and Burkholderia tropica. However, most studies showing the antagonistic potential of these bacteria have been performed in vitro, and just a few of them have been evaluated in association with plants. Several inhibitory substances involved in pathogen antagonism have not been elucidated yet; in fact, we know only 1 % of the bacterial diversity in a natural environment leading us to assume that many other inhibitory substances remain unexplored. In this review, we will describe the characteristics of some antimicrobial compounds produced by beneficial bacteria, the principal methodologies performed to evaluate their production, modes of action, and their importance for biotechnological purposes.
Viajeros y baqueanos en la colonización del Nuevo Reino de Granada, siglo XVIII
Authors: Montoya López Fredy A.
Published: January 2020

Viajar por el Nuevo Reino de Granada durante el siglo XVIII era más un acto de valentía que de contemplación. Era llegar “tierra adentro” a territorios poco conocidos, cubiertos con un manto de miedo y fábula. Significaba correr el riesgo de perderse en la selva, de caminar con una sensación de asombro y peligro al mismo tiempo. Por años, la historiografía tradicional representó a los viajeros como héroes solitarios que desafiaron la naturaleza americana y salieron vencedores de la contienda. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la importancia que tuvieron los baqueanos en el proceso de colonización impulsado por la Corona española durante el siglo XVIII sobre algunas de las fronteras estratégicas del Nuevo Reino de Granada. Los baqueanos, además de conocer el territorio y servir como guías geográficos de los viajeros, terminaron cumpliendo una importante labor como intérpretes, informantes locales y principalmente como “mediadores culturales” entre las autoridades coloniales y las sociedades indígenas.
La reforma agraria: la paz con las FARC, un compromiso aplazado de nuevo
Authors: Villamizar Juan Carlos
Published: January 2020

El acuerdo de paz entre el gobierno colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) dejó de nuevo aplazada, por tercera vez en ochenta años (1936, 1960-1968, 2016), la reforma agraria. En el acuerdo del 2016, las partes acordaron un lacónico proceso de formalización de la propiedad privada mediante la asignación de títulos para quienes ya tienen posesión sobre la tierra. También se aceptó restituir y reparar a quienes perdieron la tierra en la guerra de 25 años y se volvió a dejar para después la redistribución de la propiedad. Este asunto es de especial importancia, pues el coeficiente Gini de tierras en Colombia llega al 0,8 %, uno de los más desiguales del mundo. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, en este artículo se revisa cómo el tema agrario en Colombia continúa siendo un proceso de acumulación originaria permanente —con el latifundio como su forma dominante—, y se sostiene que la paz acordada es solo una manera de preparar el mundo agrario colombiano para el gran capitalismo, creando derechos de propiedad necesarios en la agroindustria y haciendo de los campesinos una fuerza de trabajo disponible para la producción, ahora que estos han quedado liberados de la guerra.
Scarlett O’Phelan Godoy y Georges Lomné, eds. Viajeros e independencia: la mirada del otro.
Authors: Afanador Llach Maria José
Published: January 2020

Los ensayos reunidos en este volumen dan un lugar a los relatos de viajeros en la historia política de la independencia de las colonias ibéricas en América. El libro hace parte de la colección Bicentenario de la Independencia 1821-2021, la cual busca conmemorar la independencia del Perú. La intención de la publicación, sin embargo, es abrir la mirada a las conexiones atlánticas del periodo. El volumen se propone estudiar las observaciones de militares, comerciantes, naturalistas, diplomáticos y mujeres, así como su lugar dentro de la historia política del periodo en las nacientes repúblicas de Centroamérica y Suramérica. El libro está compuesto por trece ensayos que discuten las experiencias de viajeros europeos y estadounidenses en las jóvenes repúblicas de la antigua América española y portuguesa. La mayoría de los ensayos se centran en relatos de viajeros de los territorios que hoy corresponden a los países de Colombia, Venezuela y Perú. En menor medida se encuentran escritos que dan cuenta de la mirada del otro en los territorios de Brasil, Chile, Argentina y México. Los autores de los capítulos provienen de una variedad de generaciones y países. Es de resaltar que contribuyen al volumen igual número de investigadoras e investigadores.
First record of Mermithid nematodes parasitizing leafhoppers in South America
Authors: Rusconi José Matías , Defea Barbara Soledad , Montes Martín Miguel , Achinelly María Fernanda
Published: January 2020

Nematodes of the family Mermithidae were found parasitizing adults and nymphs of the species Hortensia similis (Auchenorryncha: Cicadellidae). The host specimens were collected from weeds associated to citrus orchards located in Corrientes, Argentinean province, during a biodiversity study in 2015. As far as we know, this is the first South American example of leafhoppers parasitized by mermithids.