bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives, dimensions, and references that shape the notion of nature: A semiotic model based on socioecological relations
Authors: Aparicio Cid Raquel
Published: December 2021

If the significance of nature is a crucial phenomenon in understanding the forms of relations societies establish with the environment, in what way is this significance built? This paper presents the results of a case study focused on exploring how the meanings of nature and socioecological relationships relate to each other in an indigenous population. The first part of the article explains the theoretical scaffolding used to collect and analyse data, based on ecological anthropology and Ogden and Richards’ semiotic scheme. The second part describes the methodological procedures and the first findings, that is, the elements and dimensions that integrate the meanings of nature and land for the inhabitants of this population. It is also explained how those meanings are built and how they are fused to local socioecological relationships in an ontological way. The findings reveal that the inhabitants of this community configure their meanings of ‘nature’ from multiple references of biological, spiritual, axiological, and cultural character, often represented by its referent ‘land’. The notion of ‘nature’ (as land) is created from subjective and social experiences with the environment and the territory, and in turn provides meaning to the biocultural identity of the population. However, historical learning, worldview, and social organization also emerge as the main structuring elements of the social meanings of nature and land.
Virtudes y vicios epistémicos: una mirada desde la epistemología social a la información y la deliberación en medios digitales.
Authors: Chibey Rivas Tamara Jesús , Silva Silva Jorge Francisco
Published: December 2021

Este artículo explora el impacto que ha tenido la revolución digital, la masividad de la internet y la evolución de la tecnología digital en la participación política. Las interrogantes son: ¿qué rol cumple la deliberación en las democracias del siglo XXI? ¿Qué rol cumple la información en esta interacción? ¿cómo abordar la información y deliberación en este contexto? La hipótesis consiste en que la deliberación ciudadana en un espacio digital supone una deliberación en la cual la ponderación de razones y de información conduce no sólo a resultados epistémicamente virtuosos, sino también al aumento de algunos vicios epistémicos.
La bioética como restauración de la noción de saber práctico.
Authors: González Gutiérrez Alejandro
Published: December 2021

El fondo ontológico de la modernidad es un enfrentamiento no resuelto con la ontología clásica de la esencia. Esto da lugar a una situación en la que el verdadero fundamento ontológico de todo lo que el hombre elabora consistirá en la confrontación continuada de la pretensión moderna con las nociones ontológicas clásicas. Para la praxis tal situación tiene como consecuencia la desaparición de la consideración de la moral como saber práctico. En tal situación nace la bioética, como resultado y reacción ante ella, y nace como restauración de la noción de saber práctico. Su desarrollo como disciplina pasará por su escisión en diversos modelos bioéticos, algunos que entenderán la moral en el sentido moderno, y otros que procurarán la restauración de la consideración de la moral como saber práctico.
Del instrumentalismo a la teoría crítica de la tecnología: una lectura alternativa para la bioética de la revolución CRISPR/Cas
Authors: Pallitto Nahuel , Surai Molina Iriel , Liotta Ariana
Published: December 2021

En este ensayo analizamos y problematizamos el modo en que la bioética hegemónica conceptualiza a la tecnología de edición genética conocida como CRISPR/ Cas. Contra el predominio de una visión instrumentalista, argumentamos que la teoría crítica de la tecnología ofrece un marco de lectura del fenómeno CRISPR/Cas más adecuado para comprender las implicancias éticas de la revolución tecnológica que vivimos. Nuestras conclusiones apuntan a señalar que el modo en que la bioética concibe a la tecnología impacta en las reflexiones y tipos de intervenciones que le son posibles, propiciando nuevos enfoques a partir de modos alternativos de entender la dimensión tecnológica.
La estética de la existencia como salida al laberinto del poder en Foucault.
Authors: Correa Román Javier
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se repasa el hiato que hay en la filosofía foucaultiana y que corresponde al hueco existente entre sus estudios sobre el poder y su última fase, a saber, la de la estética de la existencia. Se sostiene la tesis de que entre ambos períodos no hay una discontinuidad sino que la estética de la existencia surge como solución a una serie de problemas que derivan de las tesis foucaultiana sobre el poder.
Does Social Media Accelerate Product Recalls? Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Gao Yang , Duan Wenjing , Rui Huaxia
Published: December 2021

Social media has become a vital platform for voicing product-related experiences that may not only reveal product defects, but also impose pressure on firms to act more promptly than before. This study scrutinizes the rarely studied relationship between these voices and the speed of product recalls in the context of the pharmaceutical industry in which social media pharmacovigilance is becoming increasingly important for the detection of drug safety signals. Using Federal Drug Administration drug enforcement reports and social media data crawled from online forums and Twitter, we investigate whether social media can accelerate the product recall process in the context of drug recalls. Results based on discrete-time survival analyses suggest that more adverse drug reaction discussions on social media lead to a higher hazard rate of the drug being recalled and, thus, a shorter time to recall. To better understand the underlying mechanism, we propose the information effect, which captures how extracting information from social media helps detect more signals and mine signals faster to accelerate product recalls, and the publicity effect, which captures how firms and government agencies are pressured by public concerns to initiate speedy recalls. Estimation results from two mechanism tests support the existence of these conceptualized channels underlying the acceleration hypothesis of social media. This study offers new insights for firms and policymakers concerning the power of social media and its influence on product recalls.
Single Allocation Hub Location with Heterogeneous Economies of Scale
Authors: Rostami Borzou , Chitsaz Masoud , Arslan Okan , Laporte Gilbert , Lodi Andrea
Published: December 2021

The economies of scale in hub location is usually modeled by a constant parameter, which captures the benefits companies obtain through consolidation. In their article “Single allocation hub location with heterogeneous economies of scale,” Rostami et al. relax this assumption and consider hub-hub connection costs as piecewise linear functions of the flow amounts. This spoils the triangular inequality property of the distance matrix, making the classical flow-based model invalid and further complicates the problem. The authors tackle the challenge by building a mixed-integer quadratically constrained program and by developing a methodology based on constructing Lagrangian function, linear dual functions, and specialized polynomial-time algorithms to generate enhanced cuts. The developed method offers a new strategy in Benders-type decomposition through relaxing a set of complicating constraints in subproblems when such relaxation is tight. The results confirm the efficacy of the solution methods in solving large-scale problem instances.
IgG4-Related Disease Affecting Testicle and Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Just a Coincidence?
Authors: Alvarez Gonzalez Carla , Carrillo Linares Juan Luis , García Muñoz Isabel , Escalona García Andrea , Valdivielso Pedro
Published: December 2021

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is progressive immune-mediated fibrotic condition characterised by a tendency to form tumefactive lesions in different organs and by elevated IgG4 serum concentrations. Urological manifestations are rare and normally occur together with other systemic affections. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematopoietic stem cell neoplasms, with different subtypes based on the type of blood cells involved. MDS can be associated with other pathologies or medical treatments. We present an uncommon case of testicular manifestation associated with myelodysplastic syndrome here.
De México para el mundo… los murciélagos endémicos
Authors: Aguilar López Melany , Márquez-Medero Martha Anahí , Cervantes-Cruz José Miguel
Published: December 2021

Existen especies de flora y fauna que, por sus características biológicas, historia biogeográfica y sus requerimientos ambientales, están restringidas a un área particular, México alberga muchas especies de este tipo, y entre ellas, varios murciélagos, los cuales son un orgullo para nuestro país.
¡No más murciélagos entre la basura!
Authors: Medina Bello Kevin Ignacio , Vázquez Rueda Eduardo , Ayala Berdón Jorge
Published: December 2021

Los murciélagos son organismos fundamentales para los ecosistemas, sin embargo, el deterioro de sus hábitats mediante la contaminación por residuos sólidos está afectando su supervivencia.
A qualitative exploration of mixed feeding intentions in first-time mothers
Authors: Burton Amy , Taylor Jennifer , Swain Sophie , Heyes Joanna , Cust Fiona , Dean Sarah
Published: December 2021

Background

Breastfeeding intention can predict breastfeeding behaviour and is influenced by theory of planned behaviour constructs. Despite associations with reduced breastfeeding duration, there is a lack of research to explore the intention to mixed feed infants.

Aims

This study aimed to explore the factors that influence pregnant women's intentions to mixed feed their first child.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four women pregnant with their first child who intended to mixed feed. An in-depth idiographic multiple case study approach grounded in a ‘subtle realist’ epistemology was used.

Results

The interviews highlighted the importance of flexibility in feeding decisions, a perception of breastfeeding as restrictive and obstructive to normality and the presence of misinformation and unrealistic expectations about breastfeeding.

Conclusions

Women need to be informed and supported by professionals, peers, families and broader communities. Cultural narratives must be challenged to enable mothers to feel in control of feeding decisions and without the need to justify feeding activities to protect themselves from anticipated negative emotions.
The perception of episiotomy among Iranian women: a qualitative study
Authors: Ghiasvand Malihe , Nahidi Fatemeh , Mobarakabadi Sedigheh Sedigh , Nia Hamid Sharif , Majd Hamid Alavi
Published: December 2021

Background

Around 70% of women who give birth vaginally experience perineal injury during childbirth, which may happen spontaneously or as a result of the incision made to facilitate childbirth. There are very few studies on the perceptions of episiotomy recipients about these services. Therefore, investigating these women's perception is crucial for providing appropriate care.

Methods

This qualitative study examined 20 women from hospitals and health centres who had undergone episiotomy using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using conventional content analysis and the accuracy and rigour of the data were assessed using the Lincoln and Guba criteria.

Results

The ‘change in perception and behaviour’ theme encompassed one category of negative experiences and views about episiotomy and a second category covering positive views.

Conclusions

Women's perceptions of episiotomy contained both positive and negative views. Since healthcare systems should support mothers' physical and mental health, it is recommended that health policymakers devise plans to boost factors that lead to positive views and eliminate those contributing to negative experiences and views.
Frontline training in mortality reports
Authors: McKee Abaigh , Ledger Sara
Published: December 2021

Does frontline training act on recurrent themes in mortality reports? Baby Lifeline's recent report identifies gaps in maternity training and calls for proper investment in the maternity workforce
Knee joint dislocation: overview and current concepts
Authors: Anazor Fitzgerald C , Baryeh Kwaku , Davies Neville C
Published: December 2021

Knee joint dislocation is a relatively uncommon injury but its management is important because of the associated high risk of vascular, neurological and multi-ligamentous knee injuries. Clinicians must be aware that not all knee dislocations are diagnosed on plain X-rays; a high index of suspicion is required based on clinical evaluation. Multidisciplinary specialist care is required in all cases to achieve best outcomes. Early one-stage or multiple staged ligament repair and reconstruction offer better outcomes, but most patients have some long-term functional limitation. This article provides insights into the epidemiology and management of this injury and its devastating effects.
The Influence of Gender and Interest on the Use of Learning Strategies in Biology Lessons
Authors: Isaak Ricarda Corinna , Kleinert Svea Isabel , Wilde Matthias
Published: December 2021

For biology students, the diversity, complexity, and abundance of content in this field yield a heavy study load. Hence, appropriate learning strategies are key in supporting learners’ academic success. In biology, the factors gender and interest hold a unique position within the natural sciences, as there is an academic imbalance to the disadvantage of male students. In the present study, we examined the influence of gender and interest as well as its interdependences on the students’ use of learning strategies for biology learning. A total of 180 seventh through tenth grade students (Mage=14.47; SD=1.35; 60% female) from four general-track secondary schools located in Germany participated in this study. Data on the students’ level of interest and the use of learning strategies in biology lessons were collected. We used multivariate analysis of covariance with the students’ age as the covariate to analyse our data. Results revealed a significant effect of gender on the students’ use of the learning strategies rehearsal, organisation, effort, and time management. With regard to elaboration and effort, the effects of interest were found to be significant. The gender gap regarding learning strategy use was narrower for students with high levels of interest. These findings might have implications for beneficial teacher behaviour in biology.
A comparative analysis of musical changes in K-Pop male idol groups
Authors: Lee Inho , Son Yunjae
Published: December 2021

K-pop has become a popular representation of Korean culture globally. This study analysed vocal parts in songs by K-Pop male idol groups in Korea to understand why the 3rd generation of K-Pop has become a mainstream type of pop music. We conducted an in-depth analysis in which we measured the playback times of the musical components of songs (i.e., singing, rap, and rap-singing) by BTS, a K-Pop male idol group that received worldwide attention in 2020. We found that BTS’s latest title tracks have much less rapping and more singing, indicating a change in the musical genre. The increase in singing may represent a cultural change in which importance has been placed on communication with the public. Thus, if the 4th generation of K-Pop artists focuses on the authenticity and meaning of lyrics and avoids repeating meaningless choruses, it may be possible to further expand K-Pop's global relevance.
Assessing equity of the spatial distribution of primary health care facilities in Fuzhou City, China: A comprehensive method
Authors: You Ninglong
Published: December 2021

Background

It is well known that equity assessment of the spatial distribution of primary health care facilities (PHCFs) is significant to optimize the allocation of health care resources and enhance the ability to react to public health emergencies, yet there is much discussion about the poor effectiveness of assessment for many cities due to the limitations of the insufficient ability of traditional data to reflect residents’ demands, etc. In many cities where PHCFs are inequity distributed, this is urgently needed for the government.

Methods

Using Fuzhou City, China as a case study, we propose a comprehensive method for assessing the equity that consisting of two frameworks based on the Geographic Information System. The first framework is assessing resident demand based on daily demand and potential demand, and the second is assessing PHCFs supply based on road impedance. This method combines an index system based on multi-source data and a spatial matching analysis between resident demand and PHCFs supply based on the supply-demand disparity index.

Results

The demand degree for the PHCFs and the supply degree of accessing the PHCFs of different residential areas differ to great extents. The equity of the spatial distribution of PHCFs shows well overall, but there is still a lack of equity in local areas. The number of the residential areas with the lowest equity, insufficient supply and oversupply accounted for 10.31% and 39.00% respectively; the former is mainly gathered in a concentrated form at the edge and in a scattered form inside, and the latter is distributed in the interior mostly in a concentrated manner.

Conclusion

The key findings highlight several aspects of improving the layout of PHCFs such as strengthen an in-depth analysis on residents’ demand. This study contributes to a more accurate equity assessment, and further improves the layout of health care facilities.
Research on logistics carbon emissions under the coupling and coordination scenario of logistics industry and financial industry
Authors: Wang Lu
Published: December 2021

In order to measure the impact of the degree of coupling and coordination between logistics and financial industries on the carbon emissions of the logistics industry, a comprehensive evaluation index system for the logistics-financial industry from 2007 to 2017 was constructed, which was calculated using the multi-objective linear weighting method; and a combination of logistics and financial industry was constructed. The panel smooth conversion model of coordination degree and carbon emission of logistics industry. The empirical results show that the coupling coordination degree of logistics and financial industry in China’s 30 provinces is mostly in primary and medium coordination, and only a few provinces are on the verge of imbalance; the coupling coordination degree in the eastern region is overall moderate coordination, and the overall coordination degree in the central and western regions It is the primary coordination; with the growth of GDP per capita, the degree of coupling and coordination between the logistics and financial industries has promoted the increase of carbon emissions in various regions, but the promotion effect is an inverted U-shaped trend that first increases and then decreases.
The spread of agriculture in Iberia through Approximate Bayesian Computation and Neolithic projectile tools
Authors: Cortell-Nicolau Alfredo , García-Puchol Oreto , Barrera-Cruz María , García-Rivero Daniel
Published: December 2021

In the present article we use geometric microliths (a specific type of arrowhead) and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) in order to evaluate possible origin points and expansion routes for the Neolithic in the Iberian Peninsula. In order to do so, we divide the Iberian Peninsula in four areas (Ebro river, Catalan shores, Xúquer river and Guadalquivir river) and we sample the geometric microliths existing in the sites with the oldest radiocarbon dates for each zone. On this data, we perform a partial Mantel test with three matrices: geographic distance matrix, cultural distance matrix and chronological distance matrix. After this is done, we simulate a series of partial Mantel tests where we alter the chronological matrix by using an expansion model with randomised origin points, and using the distribution of the observed partial Mantel test’s results as a summary statistic within an Approximate Bayesian Computation-Sequential Monte-Carlo (ABC-SMC) algorithm framework. Our results point clearly to a Neolithic expansion route following the Northern Mediterranean, whilst the Southern Mediterranean route could also find support and should be further discussed. The most probable origin points focus on the Xúquer river area.
Antenatal screening of depressive and manic symptoms in south Brazilian childbearing women: A transversal study in advance of the pandemic scenario
Authors: Schier de Fraga Fernanda , Wan-Dall Beatriz Souza Lima , Garcia Gabriel Henrique de Oliveira , Pandolfo Henrique , Sequinel Adelyne Mayara Tavares da Silva , Alvin Pedro , Serman Eduardo Jonson , do Amaral Vivian Ferreira
Published: December 2021

Background

The diagnosis of mood disorders (MD) during pregnancy is challenging and may bring negative consequences to the maternal-fetal binomial. The long waitlist for specialized psychiatric evaluation in Brazil contributes to the treatment omission. Almost 20.0% of women treated with antidepressants have a positive screening for bipolar disorder. Therefore, it has been recommended the investigation of depressive and bipolar disorder during prenatal care. Unfortunately, the screening for mood disorders is not a reality in Brazil and many childbearing women remain undiagnosed. The objective of this study is to observe the frequency of MD and the effectiveness of screening scales for routine use by health professionals during prenatal care in high-risk pregnancies.

Methodology/Principal findings

This cross-sectional study included 61 childbearing women in their second trimester who were interviewed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). The cut-off point was EPDS ≥ 13 and MDQ ≥ 7 and the SCID-5 was the gold standard diagnosis. MD were diagnosed in 24.6% of the high-risk pregnancies. EDPS was positive in 19.7% and the frequency of major depression was 8.2%. 16.4% of the childbearing women were diagnosed with bipolar disorder, while MDQ was positive in 36.1%. 11.5% of the women had EPDS and MDQ positive. EPDS sensitivity was 80.0% and specificity 92.1%, whereas MDQ presented a sensitivity of 70.0% and specificity of 70.6%.

Conclusion/Significance

There is a high prevalence of MD in high-risk pregnancies. The routine use of EPDS simultaneously to MDQ during antenatal care is effective and plays an important role in early diagnosis, counselling, and promotion of perinatal mental health.
First osteohistological and histotaphonomic approach of Equus occidentalis Leidy, 1865 (Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea (California, USA)
Authors: Tomassini Rodrigo Leandro , Pesquero María Dolores , Garrone Mariana Carolina , Marin-Monfort María Dolores , Cerda Ignacio Alejandro , Prado José Luis , Montalvo Claudia Inés , Fernández-Jalvo Yolanda , Alberdi María Teresa
Published: December 2021

Rancho La Brea (California, USA) is the most emblematic Quaternary fossiliferous locality in the world, since both the high number and diversity of the specimens recovered and their excellent preservational quality. In the last decades, paleobiological and paleoecological knowledge of the different groups of mammals from this site has increased notably; however, some aspects have not yet been inquired or there is little information. In this work we provide information on one of the most abundant mammals of this site, the equidEquus occidentalis, based on the study, from osteohistological and histotaphonomic perspectives, of thin sections of different limb bones. On the one hand, from an osteohistological viewpoint, we observe that the distribution and characterization of bone tissues in the different skeletal elements are, in general lines, similar to that mentioned for other extant and extinct equids. Cyclical growth marks allowed us to propose preliminary skeletochronological interpretations. On the other hand, from a taphonomic viewpoint, we note that all the samples reflect an excellent preservation of the bone microstructure, slightly altered by different pre- and post-burial processes. The variations recorded evidence different taphonomic history and preservation conditions among pits. This is the first study including fossil material from Rancho La Brea exclusively based on the analysis of the bone microstructure features.
Quantitative cytokine level of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β and circulating Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in individuals with acute Malaria due to P. falciparum or P. vivax or double infection in a Malaria endemic region in Indonesia
Authors: Budiningsih Insani , Dachlan Yoes Prijatna , Hadi Usman , Middeldorp Jaap Michiel
Published: December 2021

Plasmodium falciparumMalaria and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection are risk factors in the development of Burkitt’s lymphoma. In Indonesia, 100% of the population is persistently infected with EBV early in life and at risk of developing EBV-linked cancers. Currently, 10.7 million people in Indonesia are living in Malaria-endemic areas. This cross-sectional study was initiated to investigate how acute Malaria dysregulates immune control over latent EBV infection. Using blood and plasma samples of 68 patients with acute Malaria and 27 healthy controls, we measured the level of parasitemia for each plasmodium type (P.falciparum,P.vivax, and mixed) by microscopy and rapid test. The level of 4 regulatory cytokines was determined by quantitative ELISA and the level of circulating EBV genome by real-time PCR targeting the single copy EBNA-1 sequence. All Plasmodium-infected cases had high-level parasitemia (>1000 parasites/ul blood) except for one case. EBV-DNA levels were significantly more elevated inP.falciparumandP.vivaxinfections (P<0.05) compared to controls. EBV-DNA levels were not related to age, gender, Malaria symptoms, or plasmodium type. TNF-α and IL-10 levels were increased in Malaria cases versus controls, but IFN-γ and TGF- β levels were comparable between the groups. Only TNF-α levels inP.falciparumcases showed a clear correlation with elevated EBV DNA levels (R2= 0.8915). This is the first study addressing the relation between EBV (re)activation and cytokine responses during acute Malaria, revealing a clear correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and EBV-DNA levels, specifically inP.falciparumcases, suggesting this cytokine to be key in dysregulating EBV homeostasis during acuteP.falciparumMalaria.
Elevated serum expression of p53 and association of TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms with risk of cervical cancer in Bangladeshi women
Authors: Mostaid Md Shaki , Mumu Sadia Biswas , Haque Md Aminul , Sharmin Shahana , Jamiruddin Mohd Raeed , Sayedur Rahman Ghazi Muhammad , Reza Hasan Mahmud
Published: December 2021

Differential expression of p53 has been reported in cervical cancer, primarily in tumor tissue biopsies. In this study, we examined the association of TP53 codon 47 and codon 72 polymorphisms and serum level expression of p53 in cervical cancer patients (n = 129) and healthy controls (n = 122). We found elevated levels of serum p53 protein levels in cervical cancer patients (p = 0.0442) compared to healthy controls. Moreover, we found higher levels of serum p53 in patients with grade-III tumor (p = 0.001) compared to healthy controls. Examination of SNPs showed TP53 Arg/Pro heterozygosity (adjusted OR = 2.126, 95% CI = 1.181–3.827, p = 0.012), Pro/Pro mutant homozygosity (adjusted OR = 3.564, 95% CI = 1.647–7.713, p = 0.001), along with the combined genotype (Arg/Pro+Pro/Pro) (adjusted OR 2.542, 95% CI = 1.517–4.260, p<0.001) significantly increases the risk of cervical cancer. Expression quantitative trait analysis revealed no significant association with protein expression. Our results represent for the first time the upregulation of serum p53 in cervical cancer in Bangladeshi women and supports the association of TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms with cervical cancer.
Intangible, invisible and eternally nascent: Designing sound in Australian performing arts
Authors: Alsop Roger
Published: December 2021

This article is primarily focused on sound design in the performing arts. While scenography is usually defined as the visual/object elements of a performance design, it is often discussed as including all of the heard and seen elements: sound, costume, lighting, sets, props and projections. The intention is that these elements work synergistically to create a ‘whole-more-than-the-sum-of-its-parts’, with scenography considered a wholistic discipline that embraces many aspects to support the intentions of the creators and the performers in a performance. Scenographic designers provide bespoke or unique solutions required to do this across specific briefs and budgets. While the discussion here centres on sound design for performance in Melbourne, it is intended to apply more broadly, particularly in developing a more complementary, integrated approach to sound in scenography, and regarding education and processes. This is to encourage a more global and inclusive consideration of the topic – to develop discussion, and therefore potential – of the manifold interrelationships in scenographic design in the performing arts. While there is no attempt to explicitly answer a key question or propose a defined theory, this discussion intends to illuminate various issues in sound design for performing arts in order to develop conceptual and practical approaches that enhance the collaborations and synergies possible in scenography for performing arts, ensuring that the whole is indeed more than the sum of its parts.
Untethered: A designer’s reflection on a process, interrupted
Authors: Smith Christina
Published: December 2021

For this special edition of Scene, award-winning Australian set and costume designer Christina Smith was invited to reflect on her experience of resuming work on Melbourne Theatre Company’s Berlin after a year hiatus due to COVID-19 lockdowns. In the form of a reflective note from the field, Christina examines the unexpected discoveries and unlooked-for liberation that came from being forcibly untethered from her creative process. Raw and personal, this note offers one designer’s journey out of isolation and back to the stage.
Shaping Our Australian Scenographic Identities: A visual essay
Authors: Rixon Tessa , Irwin Jennifer , Walters David , Neideck Jeremy , McKeague M’ck , Roberts Richard , Brumpton Anthony , Taumoepeau Latai
Published: December 2021

In the form of a visual essay, this reflection charts a course through eight specific moments in Australian performance design history. Selected by guest editor Tessa Rixon, this essay features contributions from Australia’s most established designers from sound, lighting and costume through to the latest in performance design practice and research. Specially curated for this special edition on Australian scenography, each contributor reflects on a personal experience of a pivotal performance design from their own practice or their experience as an audience member. The resulting contributions present a mix of design forms and focuses, across all forms of live performance – mainstage theatre, independent site-specific performance, queer theatre, Indigenous theatre, Indigenous dance, scenography for performance beyond the stage frame, performance in response to the climate crisis and finally, a few pivotal stepping stones in our national scenographic identity – from the very personal, to the very global. These exemplars of design practice shape what we now could call Australian scenography.
Estudio de la geometría superior en el Curso Militar de Mathematicas (1753-1756) de Pedro Padilla
Authors: Blanco Mónica
Published: December 2021

En 1750 se creó en Madrid la Academia de Matemáticas dentro del Cuartel de Guardias de Corps, dirigida por Pedro Padilla y Arcos (1724-1807?) hasta su clausura en 1760. En 1753 Padilla empezó a publicar su Curso Militar de Mathematicas, sobre partes de esta ciencia, para uso de la Real Academia establecida en el Cuartel de Guardias de Corps. De los veinte tratados inicialmente programados, finalmente solo fueron publicados cinco (en cuatro volúmenes). El cuarto tratado, De la Geometría Superior, o de las Curvas (1756), puede ser considerado como el primer manual publicado en España íntegramente dedicado al estudio de la geometría analítica. En él Padilla trataba de la construcción geométrica de las ecuaciones, las líneas de primer orden y de segundo orden (o cónicas) y la resolución de problemas geométricos diversos. El análisis de este tratado contribuye al conocimiento sobre el estudio de la geometría analítica en la España del XVIII.
Las reales caballerizas durante el siglo XVIII. Una aproximación a la descomposición del sistema de corte a través de su evolución en tiempos de los primeros Borbones
Authors: Quiles Albero David
Published: December 2021

Las Reales Caballerizas, pese a ser el cuerpo más amplio dentro del servicio palatino, han sido hasta hace poco una de las dependencias menos estudiadas de las casas reales españolas. Para paliar este desajuste, en las siguientes páginas pretendemos ahondar en este ramo de la servidumbre regia a lo largo del siglo XVIII.
El advenimiento de los Borbones provocó notables cambios en la vida palaciega. Entre ellos, el ciclo estacional en torno a los Reales Sitios otorgó un mayor número de competencias al caballerizo mayor, pues era el encargado de gestionar estas jornadas anuales. Paralelamente, las reformas en el organigrama de las Caballerizas también merecen nuestra atención. A lo largo de la centuria, los problemas financieros de la Corona obligaron a tratar de delimitar el número de servidores en las diversas dependencias del servicio palatino. Unas alteraciones limitadas que quedaron perfectamente reflejadas en las ordenanzas de 1749 y 1761, y que revelan las dificultades para alterar el sistema cortesano a lo largo de la centuria.
Matilde de Orleim (1803) y la recompensa del arrepentimiento (1816), dos traducciones teatrales de marqués y espejo en pro de la modernidad
Authors: Rodríguez Morín Felipe
Published: December 2021

Firme seguidor de los postulados de la Ilustración, pero sabedor de sus limitaciones artísticas, Antonio Marqués y Espejo empleó su conocimiento del idioma francés para introducir en España, a base de traducciones, un sinfín de obras de moda entonces en Europa que, con avezado oficio, supo acercar al contexto social de sus lectores o espectadores. Con esa labor pretendió renovar viejos hábitos y costumbres, e intentó insuflar nuevos aires de reforma y modernidad cultural dentro del solar patrio, a imitación de lo que se estilaba entonces fuera de nuestras fronteras. En ese empeño, el género teatral se le aparentó –como al resto de ilustrados– muy a propósito para comunicar dichos mensajes innovadores, aunque sin traspasar nunca con ellos los confines de la prudencia, entendida según las usanzas nacionales y, de forma especial, exigida por su condición de sacerdote. Las dos composiciones dramáticas que aquí examinamos, traídas como sucinto ejemplo de mucha parte de su producción literaria, creemos que dan fiel testimonio de todo lo dicho.
The auxílio emergencial and stringent social distancing policies in Brazil: the impact on mobility and non-work travel outside the home
Authors: Barberia Lorena G. , Piazza Kelly Senters
Published: December 2021

Non-pharmaceutical interventions to increase physical distancing have been instrumental in mitigating the spread of COVID-19. Governments have enacted stringent public health policies that impose limits on mobility outside the household. However, for containment policies to be effective, there is a growing understanding that emergency aid programs must be designed to ensure that the most vulnerable receive financial and in-kind aid resources to support their ability to “stay at home.” In this study, we use survey data from an Oxford 
USP-FGV collaborative research initiative to empirically assess the effectiveness of these two policies in reducing mobility with an eye to those at-risk or living in conditions of poverty in eight Brazilian capitals. We learn that, in general, neither stringent public health policies and receipt nor promised receipt of the Auxílio Emergencial were effective in limiting mobility outside of the home. We do, however, find limited evidence that receipt or promised receipt of the Auxílio Emergencial marginally limited non-work trips outside of the home, especially in city/state combinations with stringent public health policies. We conclude by discussing the policy implications of our findings.
Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism in a Patient With Crohn's Disease
Authors: Abdallah Mohamed A. , Rank Kevin M. , Keeley Scott , Anderson Daniel J. , Vaughn Byron P.
Published: December 2021

Adult intestinal toxemia botulism (ITB) is a rare illness that can be fatal if not recognized. ITB can occur when botulinum neurotoxin–producing clostridia colonize the intestine. Underlying intestinal abnormalities associated with dysbiosis are likely a prerequisite for colonization. Dysbiosis seems necessary for spore germination and neurotoxin production. Botulism neurotoxins are the most lethal poisons known and are classified into 7 serotypes: A through G. The clinical presentation consists of cranial nerve abnormalities and descending flaccid paralysis. Prompt recognition and treatment with botulism antitoxin and supportive measures is often successful, but delayed recognition can be fatal. In this study, we present a case of a 40-year-old woman with Crohn's disease who developed ITB. This is the first case in literature to report adult intestinal botulism from Clostridium botulinum producing toxin B and F in the same patient.
TRACTION FORCES CREATED BY FLEXIBLE ELEMENTS AND HOISTING-AND-TRASPORT, CONSTRUCTION, ROAD VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT SYSTEMS BY MEANS OF FRICTION. LECTURE 4
Authors: Nizhegorodov A. I.
Published: December 2021

The article consistently sets forth the material of the fourth lecture on the course “Theory of hoisting-and-transport, construction, road vehicles and equipment”, which included the following questions: transfer of traction efforts by flexible elements using the example of a thin inextensible thread, derivation of the Euler formula, flexible links and hoisting-and-transport, construction, road vehicle and equipment (HTCRVE) systems; the operation and calculation of the belt brake; the node attaching the rope to the drum and its calculation; the resistance in the cable system of the movement mechanism of the of the tower crane; the determination of the resistances in the cargo truck cable system of the movement mechanism; the transmission of traction by friction in the belt conveyors; the calculation of the drive station drive power of the belt conveyor while transmitting traction by friction.
MODELING OF THE GRINDING PROCESS BY MICRO-CUTTING SINGLE ABRASIVE GRAINS. PART 2. WEAR ASSESSMENT OF ABRASIVE GRAINS
Authors: Zubarev Yu. M. , Priemyshev A. V.
Published: December 2021

One of the main performance indicators of grinding wheels is their wear resistance, which is largely determined by the wear resistance of abrasive grains. Data on the influence of physical and mechanical properties of the material of blanks and the material of abrasive grains, together with technological factors, on the micro-cutting process are presented. The influence of the cutting speed on the intensity and character of wear of abrasive grains is shown.
ABOUT IMPROVEMENT OF SETS OF REPLACEABLE GEARS GUITARS METAL CUTTING MACHINES
Authors: Fot A. P.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of modernization of the existing fleet of metal-cutting machines. The purpose and objectives-to determine ways and practical recommendations for resource saving in the production of machine components for the manufacture of complex products. The methods used are comparative computational experiments to determine the performance characteristics of sets of replaceable gears. The presented material contains practical recommendations on the choice of evaluation indicators and improvement of sets of replaceable gears of two-pair guitars of various gear-processing machines (5B12, 5A308P, 5111 and 5K32) based on the results of research. Confirmed the possibility of improving the characteristics of kits while maintaining the number of wheels in the kits. In conclusion, it is noted that the proposed solutions contribute to an increase in the integral quality index by 1,2857 – 6,3742 times, a decrease in the total weight of the wheels of the set by 1,4824 – 3,3093 times, an increase in the number of realized gear ratios by 1,2622 – 3,7525 times, an increase in the average density of the values of the gear ratios by 1,2136 – 3,7781 times.
FEATURES OF THE CERTIFICATION PROCESS FOR AIRCRAFT IN RUSSIA
Authors: Sukhova T. S. , Aleksashina O. V. , Lartseva T. A.
Published: December 2021

The requirements of the global market are forcing manufacturers to create competitive products that meet the needs of customers, and aviation technology is no exception. The highest and most stringent requirements are also imposed on its quality, since the quality of aviation equipment is inextricably linked to its safety and, consequently, to flight safety. The certification procedure is one of the most important mechanisms for confirming the compliance of aviation equipment (AT) with the established requirements and obtaining a permit for operation. This article details the procedure for obtaining a certificate of airworthiness (SLH) for a new civilian aircraft.
STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE, PHASE COMPOSITION, PHYSICOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES, AND ALSO OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT TREATMENT PROCESSES OF CAST HEAT-RESISTANT NICKEL ALLOY ЕР202 BY THE METHOD OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING
Authors: Gadalov V. N. , Petrenko V. R. , Filatov E. A. , Vornacheva I. V. , Filonovich A. V.
Published: December 2021

General information about the EP202 heat-resistant weldable alloy with a nickel-chromium matrix is given. Its chemical composition, manufacturing technology, recommended heat treatment modes for short-term and long-term parts, as well as recommended maintenance modes for castings and rodsheets are presented. A description of the structure and phase composition of the alloy in the cast state and after heat treatment is given. The mechanical properties of the alloy depending on the test temperature and heat treatment conditions for longitudinal and transverse specimens are given. The physical properties of the alloy at various temperatures are also described. Further, the study presents the study of the modes of stepwise aging on the structure and mechanical properties of the EP202 alloy. An increase in mechanical properties after two-stage aging in comparison with the initial heat treatment due to a more uniform distribution of the strengthening γ¢-phase over the volume of the alloy was established. With the help of the obtained regression equations, the optimal temperature of the first stage of two-stage aging (540 C) was established, which ensures an increase in the level of impact strength by (20...25) %.
THE PROCESSES OF ROLLING WHEEL AND TRACK SYSTEMS OF HOISTING-AND-TRANSPORT, CONSTRUCTION, ROAD VEHICLES AND OTHER BODIES INFLUENCED BY FORCE FACTORS. FIFTH LECTURE
Authors: Nizhegorodov A. I.
Published: December 2021

The article consistently sets forth the material of the fifth lecture on the course “Theory of hoisting-and-transport, construction, road vehicles and equipment”, including the interaction of running wheels of tower, bridge and gantry cranes with guides (rails) and determining the resistance forces in the running gear of cranes and freight carts; interaction of roller hard wheels and elastic pneumatic tires with soils and coatings. HTCRVE caterpillar movers and their interaction with soils, as well as the motion of a non-circular solid body on an inclined surface, are considered.
MODIFICATIONS OF THE FORMULA E = MC2 FOR SOLVING ENGINEERING PROBLEMS OF CLASSICAL MECHANICS
Authors: Buzin Yu. M. , Tyunin V. L.
Published: December 2021

The formula E = mC2 is fundamental in Einsteinʼs special theory of relativity. It is given a new interpretation, where the operator C of transitions, which characterizes their speed, has a more complex mathematical structure and is controlled in contrast to a constant number, as is customary in relativistic mechanics. The possibility of using its proposed modifications related to the transition of mass to energy and energy to the mass of a physical body for solving engineering problems of classical mechanics, which is a special case of relativistic mechanics, is shown. As an example, the process of functioning of a machine which is a system of devices for converting energy and material, is considered. The efficiency of its functioning is evaluated through the operators of transitions of structural elements.
BULK CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS. MOVING BULK MATERIALS BY PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT. LECTURE 6
Authors: Nizhegorodov A. I.
Published: December 2021

The article consistently sets forth the material of the sixth lecture on the course “Theory of hoisting-and-transport, construction, road vehicles and equipment”, including the following questions. Characterization of bulk materials transported by continuous transport machines, their particle-and-size distribution. The law of the normal distribution of random variables (in this case, particle sizes) is considered. The relationship between the angles of external and internal friction in an array of bulk material is shown. The process of transporting bulk materials in an air stream, as well as a pneumatic transport installation of a technological complex for firing vermiculite, is considered. The forces influencing the particle in the air flow and its speed of rotation are determined. The article gives the solution to the problem of air movement in the installation suction pipe. In addition, the article considers the movement of bulk materials in a stream of water, the scheme of a hydro transport installation, and its calculation.
MEASURING OF THE MINIMUM VALUE OF TENSION PRELOAD IN A BEARING TO ENSURE THE RIGIDITY OF A SPINDLE UNIT DURING REPAIR OF THE “BEARING OUTER RING–CASE” JOINT
Authors: Fedchenko V. Yu. , Fedchenko A. A. , Burjanov I. V.
Published: December 2021

The article proposes a method for determining minimum tension preload when restoring stiffness of a joint between a case and an outer ring of a bearing. Stiffness is essential prerequisite for functioning of a spindle assembly in a metal-cutting machine. To large extent, stiffness of an assembly is affected by deformation of its supports, mainly the frontal one. During work, this influence increases due to weakening and displacement of “outer ring of a bearing–case” fit. Fretting corrosion wear is believed to be the main cause of this phenomenon. Usage of polymer compositions in restoration of joints increases stiffness due to contact area enlargement. Main task is to determine required minimum value of tension preload to fully restore stiffness of a fit. This experimental study includes finding stiffness of “outer ring of a bearing–case” joint directly and finding stiffness of a spindle assembly as a whole. Method proposed helps to define minimum tension preload in an adjustable front bearing with different values of hole wear in a case which have been restored with polymer composition. Minimum tension preload is defined at the intersection point of a bearingʼs stiffness-tensile curve with the lower boundary of the stiffness parameter range. This method can be used for fit and for a spindle assembly as a whole.