bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PALMA FORRAGEIRA: SEU USO EM ALIMENTAÇÃO E NOVAS OPORTUNIDADES DE NEGÓCIOS DE ELEVADO VALOR AGREGADO
Authors: Vila Nova Silvânia Da Rocha Medeiros , Barros Janaína Galdino de , Paixão Ana Eleonora Almeida , Tonholo Josealdo , Uchoa Sílvia Beatriz Beger
Published: February 2018

A Palma Forrageira é uma planta rica em vitaminas, minerais e aminoácidos, constitui-se em complemento alimentar de alto poder nutritivo, tanto animal quanto humano, mas ainda é relegada à condição de planta associada à subsistência de agricultores familiares em regiões periféricas, particularmente do seminário nordestino. Este trabalho apresenta uma prospecção tecnológica sobre a planta, fazendo uso de revisões patentária e bibliográfica, com objetivos de avaliar o poder econômico da Palma Forrageira, suas aplicações no contexto da alimentação humana e animal, suas características nutricionais e sua utilização comercial. Os resultados indicam o alto potencial da Palma Forrageira como produto agrícola que, além de promover sustentabilidade, pode alavancar negócios intensivos em tecnologia, contribuindo para um efetivo desenvolvimento das regiões onde é cultivada.
ESTUDO PROSPECTIVO RELATIVO A DEPÓSITOS DE PATENTES RELACIONADAS À ELABORAÇÃO DE BEBIDAS NÃO ALCOÓLICAS COM ADIÇÃO DE INGREDIENTES FUNCIONAIS
Authors: Da Silva Darcilene Fiuza , Ribeiro Paulo Leonardo Lima , Druzian Janice Izabel , Mamede Maria Eugênia , Nascimento Renata Quartieri , Andrade Ivo Henrique Pinto
Published: February 2018

A população sempre demonstrou interesse na área de alimentação, associado com a crescente busca por hábitos de vida mais saudáveis e alimentos que fornecem algum benefício à saúde. Sendo assim, essa prospecção tem como objetivo realizar o mapeamento de documentos de patentes referente à tecnologia de bebidas não alcoólicas e funcionais, de modo a avaliar os principais detentores desta tecnologia. A consulta foi realizada nas bases de dados Espacenet® e INPI. O código mais encontrado nas patentes foi A23L33/10. Em 2016 ocorreu o maior número de depósitos. A China foi o maior depositante seguido do Brasil. As empresas foram as maiores depositantes. É necessário investimento e incentivo intelectual e financeiro no setor para contribuir com a mudança deste cenário. Devido ao grande potencial de expansão do mercado e a possibilidade de uma vida mais saudável, as bebidas funcionais são tendências mundial.
ESTUDO PROSPECTIVO SOBRE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO DE PLANTAS DE PEQUENO E MÉDIO PORTE
Authors: Blumm Ana Carolina Nerva , Barbalho Sanderson César Macedo , Ghesti Grace Ferreira , Nascimento Paulo Gustavo Barboni Dantas
Published: February 2018

A necessidade diária de irrigação de plantas é de conhecimento comum, contudo, há poucas soluções disponíveis no mercado para atender a esta carência. Com esse objetivo, foi desenvolvido um estudo a respeito de uma invenção relacionada à irrigação automática de plantas de pequeno e médio porte. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca de anterioridade que concluiu que a invenção não é passível de proteção, por não atender ao critério de atividade inventiva, apesar de se encaixar nos outros requisitos. Também foi realizada uma prospecção tecnológica que destacou a China e os EUA como países que desenvolvem pesquisas na área. O estudo prospectivo concluiu que a tecnologia está madura. Então, aplicou-se um Business Model e a Matriz SWOT para definição da melhor estratégia de transferência de tecnologia para a invenção, que indicou o spin-off, haja visto que a invenção está madura e há potencial de valor para a mesma.
ESTUDO PROSPECTIVO SOBRE PROCESSO DE EXTRAÇÃO DE MATERIAL GRAXO DE RESÍDUOS AGROINDUSTRIAIS COM PRODUÇÃO SIMULTÂNEA DE BIODIESEL
Authors: Guimarães Munique Gonçalves , Evaristo Rafael Benjamin Werneburg , Lima Larisse Araujo , Fernandes Thiago Lara , Macedo Julio Lemos de , Costa Andreia Alves , Braga Patricia Regina Sobral , Ghesti Grace Ferreira
Published: February 2018

O biodiesel é um biocombustível importante para a matriz energética nacional é produzido de diferentes fontes oleaginosas, desempenhando papel importante na produção final do biocombustível. Diante de sua cadeia produtiva e da importância de métodos mais sustentáveis, realizou-se um estudo prospectivo sobre o processo simultâneo de produção de biodiesel visando à condensação das etapas de produção via simultaneidade de extração e respectiva conversão a partir de resíduos agroindustriais oleaginosos. Além disso, tem-se como objeto de estudo a utilização de catálise heterogênea ao sistema, agregando facilidades na separação do produto e do meio catalítico. Neste nicho de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos para o setor do biodiesel encontram-se poucas patentes e artigos, sendo em sua maioria evidenciados processos em escala laboratorial. Sendo assim, tal tecnologia merece atenção, investimento e desenvolvimento para seu escalonamento, tendo em vista agregar diversos benefícios ao setor, desde a matéria-prima até o processo e distribuição.
EMPREENDEDORISMO, TECNOLOGIA E INOVAÇÃO: TEMAS CONTEMPORÂNEOS NA GESTÃO DA UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA
Authors: Carvalho Sônia Marise Salles , Aveni Alessandro , Coimbra Leonardo Modesto , Montilha Herika Fernanda Dantas
Published: February 2018

Esse artigo tem como objetivo mostrar como os temas Empreendedorismo, Tecnologia e Inovação têm feito parte da agenda da Universidade de Brasília, em um importante ambiente de inovação, que é o Centro de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico/CDT. Destaca-se o pensamento moderno sobre esses temas e o impacto que pode ocasionar na qualificação da formação dos estudantes e professores, na melhor interação entre universidade, governo, sociedade e o terceiro setor (quadrupla hélice).  Esses temas são relevantes como objeto de estudo pois impulsionam a universidade a ser empreendedora, mediante a vida moderna caracterizada por relações mercantis e financeirização da vida, movida pela informação, intensificação do consumo e inovação. A estratégia para lidar com a estrutura dessa sociedade pode ser conjugada por uma educação para a autonomia do sujeito. A universidade pode e deve favorecer as condições para o aprimoramento do empreendedorismo e da produção e difusão de tecnologias inovadoras. 
SINOPSE DO CENÁRIO CERVEJEIRO: O ADVENTO DA PRODUÇÃO E O MERCADO NA REGIÃO CENTRO OESTE
Authors: Lima Larisse Araújo , Fernandes Thiago Lara , Tenório Luiza Xavier da Silva , Silva Marcio Lima da , Evaristo Rafael Benjamin Werneburg , Ghesti Grace Ferreira , Martin Adriana Regina
Published: February 2018

Recentemente a fabricação de cervejas artesanais tem ganhado grande repercussão em todo país, principalmente no que concerne a produção oriunda das microcervejarias colaborativas. O surgimento de novos rótulos, a elaboração de novos sabores e até mesmo o desenvolvimento de novos equipamentos utilizados no processo produtivo de cervejas tem contribuído significativamente para a disseminação das informações tecnológicas do setor assim como o fortalecimento dos produtos cervejeiros no mercado nacional e internacional. Dessa forma, a indústria cervejeira está bastante engajada na teoria da tripla hélice, uma vez que movimenta uma imensa rede que envolve pesquisa, cultivo, audiência pública para alteração da legislação vigente, processamento e a comercialização de insumos e matérias-primas, caracterizando-se assim como um dos setores mais relevantes da economia brasileira.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE ÁCIDO HIALURÔNICO POR MEIO DE MICROORGANISMOS
Authors: Cordeiro Fábio Lima , Silva Clenilce Dias , Chaves Alzamora Elisa Maria , Barros Lima Maria José , Nascimento Paulo Gustavo Barboni Dantas , Ghesti Grace Ferreira , Gris Eliana Fortes , Areda Camila Alves , Ferreira Eduardo Antônio
Published: February 2018

O presente trabalho teve a finalidade de abordar a prospecção tecnológica da produção de Ácido Hialurônico (AH) por meio de microrganismos. Foram mapeados em bases de dados internacionais as patentes e artigos sobre a temática, a fim de verificar a maturidade tecnológica e outros aspectos desse processamento microbriano do AH. Dos resultados obtidos constatou-se que a utilização de bactérias é muito comum, especialmente as da espécie Streptococcus sp e sua subespécie Streptococcus zooepidemicus, seguidas da espécie Bacillus sp. Como alternativas, ainda que embrionárias, as leveduras geneticamente modificadas têm surgido como microrganismos alternativos no processo de obtenção de AH, destacando-se a Pichia pastoris. Ao analisar os aspectos da prospecção, conclui-se que a tecnologia de produção de AH por microrganismos quando utilizadas bactérias é madura e embrionária, porém promissora, quando considerado o uso de leveduras recombinantes.
ESTUDO PROSPECTIVO: O REGISTRO DE MARCAS COMO ESTRATÉGIA MERCADOLÓGICA PARA O NEGÓCIO DO CACAU-CHOCOLATE NA REGIÃO SUL DA BAHIA.
Authors: Gomes dos Santos Fárlei Cosme , Kalid Ricardo De Araújo , Da Franca Rocha Washington De Jesus Sant'Anna
Published: February 2018

A atividade cacaueira foi considerada até a década de 80 como um importante sustentáculo econômico do Estado, levando a cultura cacaueira a permear de forma contínua às relações sociais nas distintas esferas em seu espaço geográfico. Após a praga denominada “vassoura de bruxa”, a região Sul tem procurado investir em outras atividades, gerando novos negócios relacionados ao cacau e ao chocolate. Este estudo objetiva discutir como o registro de marca poder ser uma importante estratégia mercadológica para o negócio do cacau-chocolate, na Região Sul da Bahia, a fim de contribuir para produção de conhecimento sobre os novos modelos de negócios do cacau/chocolate, verticalização da produção de cacau através de unidades produtivas de chocolate. Essas ações de valorização da propriedade industrial e a transferência de tecnologia devem promover a geração de empregos e de melhor qualidade, distribuição de renda, aumento da arrecadação de impostos e melhoria da qualidade de vida do povo da região cacaueira.
PATENTES COMO FONTE DE INFORMAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA PARA SUBSÍDIO À PESQUISA: UMA ANÁLISE AMOSTRAL DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ABC
Authors: Baltazar Luiz Fernando , Vilha Anapatrícia Morales , Ferreira Fábio Danilo , Chinellato Anne Cristine , Vidotti Suel Eric , Rodrigues Ricardo Carvalho
Published: February 2018

O presente trabalho trata da relevância e da utilização de informações tecnológicas oriundas de documentos de patentes para o subsídio de projetos de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação. A partir da comunidade de pesquisadores da UFABC são analisados em quatro eixos a utilização de informação tecnológica, as principais fontes de obtenção, a utilização e o nível de conhecimento acerca das patentes como fonte de informação tecnológica e o interesse destes pesquisadores nesta atividade essencial para o subsídio de projetos de P,D&I.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DE SE FAZER BUSCA DE ANTERIORIDADES
Authors: Linhares Felipe Rodrigues
Published: February 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a importância da busca de anterioridades antes de depositar um pedido de patente, de forma a tentar minimizar as chances de indeferimento do pedido. Um efetivo conhecimento do sistema de patentes é importante para o detentor do desenvolvimento saber todos os direitos relacionados à exploração da mesma, de forma a ter um diferencial competitivo perante seus concorrentes. Foi realizado um levantamento das informações sobre propriedade industrial e busca de anterioridade, na tentativa de mostrar sua importância para o inventor poder mensurar a potencialidade de um desenvolvimento vir a se tornar uma patente. Mais especificamente, o trabalho pretende comparar a teoria que aborda os assuntos relacionados a buscas de anterioridades, com a um caso prático de um objeto.
COMUNICAÇÃO E GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO APLICADOS ÀS IGS: UMA PROSPECÇÃO PARA NOVAS TENDÊNCIAS CIENTÍFICAS
Authors: Santos Ivan Bezerra dos , Franca-Rocha Washington
Published: February 2018

Com a ascensão das Indicações Geográficas (IGs) nos últimos anos em quantidade e representatividade nos setores econômico e social, expressivos também têm sido os estudos científicos nesta área da Propriedade Intelectual, sobretudo na conceituação de elementos ligados às IGs e em estudos de casos. O objetivo, portanto, deste trabalho é comprovar essa tendência e apontar de forma prospectiva novas temáticas possíveis de estudos relacionados às IGs, sugerindo, como foco para futuras análises científicas, temáticas ligadas à comunicação social associada à gestão do conhecimento por sua importância no processo de desenvolvimento socioeconômico sustentável das organizações no mercado globalizado. Os métodos utilizados para esta análise são o bibliométrico e o Roadmap. Por fim, este estudo comprova o direcionamento estável dos estudos de IG focados em conceituações e estudos de casos, abrindo, assim, possíveis e promissoras novas tendências de estudos relacionados às IGs, sobretudo nas temáticas aqui propostas.
INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA NA SECAGEM DO CACAU: UM ESTUDO DE VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA E BARREIRA DE ENTRADA
Authors: Amigo Fernanda Vargas , Lima Geovana Pires , Sales Jorge Henrique , Estival Katianny Gomes
Published: February 2018

A região cacaueira até os anos 80 representava uma significativa contribuição no mercado mundial de cacau, entretanto teve sua produção afetada substancialmente devido à praga da vassoura de bruxa somado a práticas ultrapassadas de beneficiamento. Atualmente a produtividade da região cacaueira ainda é muito baixa, e para voltar a ter expressividade no mercado mundial é necessário a introdução de tecnologias no setor. Desta forma, este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo técnico/financeiro entre dois sistemas de secagem, sendo o primeiro, a forma tradicional e o segundo a proposta de um secador solar vertical, nos quais foram avaliados os efeitos térmicos de ambos os sistemas, objetivando relacionar a eficiência no processo de secagem e da viabilidade financeira entre estes. Foi empregado o método de análise financeira para comparar os sistemas, e o resultado obtido no cálculo da taxa interna de retorno (TIR) da torre foi de 135% a uma taxa de a atratividade mínima (TMA) de 10% ao mês e na barcaça para a mesma a TMA, a TIR é equivalente a 15%. O valor presente liquido (VPL) também foi calculado e o VPL da torre corresponde a R$ 49.190,90 e da barcaça R$ 7.979,25. Com estes resultados é possível concluir que a ambos os sistemas são viáveis, pois apresentam TIR maior que TMA e VPL positivo, porém a TIR e VPL da torre é substancialmente superior, desta forma possui maior atratividade. Além disso, na torre vertical o retorno do investimento ocorre desde o primeiro mês de operação, o que não acontece com a barcaça, na qual o retorno só ocorre no sexto mês. Mesmo com retorno positivo a inovação tecnológica sofre com a barreira de entrada no setor produtivo, no caso barreira cultural. 
Shock Compression and Melting of an Fe‐Ni‐Si Alloy: Implications for the Temperature Profile of the Earth's Core and the Heat Flux Across the Core‐Mantle Boundary
Authors: Zhang Youjun , Sekine Toshimori , Lin Jung‐Fu , He Hongliang , Liu Fusheng , Zhang Mingjian , Sato Tomoko , Zhu Wenjun , Yu Yin
Published: February 2018

Understanding the melting behavior and the thermal equation of state of Fe‐Ni alloyed with candidate light elements at conditions of the Earth's core is critical for our knowledge of the region's thermal structure and chemical composition and the heat flow across the liquid outer core into the lowermost mantle. Here we studied the shock equation of state and melting curve of an Fe‐8 wt% Ni‐10 wt% Si alloy up to ~250 GPa by hypervelocity impacts with direct velocity and reliable temperature measurements. Our results show that the addition of 10 wt% Si to Fe‐8 wt% Ni alloy slightly depresses the melting temperature of iron by ~200–300 (±200) K at the core‐mantle boundary (~136 GPa) and by ~600–800 (±500) K at the inner core‐outer core boundary (~330 GPa), respectively. Our results indicate that Si has a relatively mild effect on the melting temperature of iron compared with S and O. Our thermodynamic modeling shows that Fe‐5 wt% Ni alloyed with 6 wt% Si and 2 wt% S (which has a density‐velocity profile that matches the outer core's seismic profile well) exhibits an adiabatic profile with temperatures of ~3900 K and ~5300 K at the top and bottom of the outer core, respectively. If Si is a major light element in the core, a geotherm modeled for the outer core indicates a thermal gradient of ~5.8–6.8 (±1.6) K/km in the D″ region and a high heat flow of ~13–19 TW across the core‐mantle boundary.
Seasonal Variation of Barrier Layer in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Pan Li , Zhong Yisen , Liu Hailong , Zhou Lei , Zhang Zhaoru , Zhou Meng
Published: February 2018

The seasonal variability of barrier layer (BL) and its formation mechanism in the Southern Ocean are investigated using the most recent Argo data. The results reveal that the BL is a persistent feature in the Southern Ocean with a strong seasonal cycle. The thickest BL appears in winter with the maximum amplitude exceeding 250 m while it dramatically decreases to less than 50 m in summer. The spatial distribution of BL is zonally oriented in the Pacific and Indian Ocean sectors, which is in agreement with that of the mixed layer depth (MLD) and the isothermal layer depth (ILD). Two areas with the most prominent BL are identified. One is located south of Australia and the other in the southeastern Pacific. The BL formation in both areas is generally attributed to a shallow mixed layer controlled by surface freshwater intrusion and a deep isothermal layer modulated by seasonal vertical convection. In the former region, the cold and fresh Antarctic Surface Water (ASW) is transported northward across the Subantarctic Front (SAF) by the Ekman effect and overlies the warm Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW). The resulting inverse temperature structure facilitates the development of thick BLs. In the latter region, the BL emerges in the ventilation area where the shallow Surface Salinity Minimum Water (SSMW) coming from north leans against the deep vertical isotherms. In summer, positive surface heat flux into the ocean overwhelms other thermodynamic effects in the mixed layer heat budget. The MLD and ILD coincide and thus the BL is destroyed.
Metrics for the Evaluation of the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models and Earth System Models
Authors: Russell Joellen L. , Kamenkovich Igor , Bitz Cecilia , Ferrari Raffaele , Gille Sarah T. , Goodman Paul J. , Hallberg Robert , Johnson Kenneth , Khazmutdinova Karina , Marinov Irina , Mazloff Matthew , Riser Stephen , Sarmiento Jorge L. , Speer Kevin , Talley Lynne D. , Wanninkhof Rik
Published: February 2018

The Southern Ocean is central to the global climate and the global carbon cycle, and to the climate's response to increasing levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases, as it ventilates a large fraction of the global ocean volume. Global coupled climate models and earth system models, however, vary widely in their simulations of the Southern Ocean and its role in, and response to, the ongoing anthropogenic trend. Due to the region's complex water‐mass structure and dynamics, Southern Ocean carbon and heat uptake depend on a combination of winds, eddies, mixing, buoyancy fluxes, and topography. Observationally based metrics are critical for discerning processes and mechanisms, and for validating and comparing climate and earth system models. New observations and understanding have allowed for progress in the creation of observationally based data/model metrics for the Southern Ocean. Metrics presented here provide a means to assess multiple simulations relative to the best available observations and observational products. Climate models that perform better according to these metrics also better simulate the uptake of heat and carbon by the Southern Ocean. This report is not strictly an intercomparison, but rather a distillation of key metrics that can reliably quantify the “accuracy” of a simulation against observed, or at least observable, quantities. One overall goal is to recommend standardization of observationally based benchmarks that the modeling community should aspire to meet in order to reduce uncertainties in climate projections, and especially uncertainties related to oceanic heat and carbon uptake.
Introduction to CAUSES: Description of Weather and Climate Models and Their Near‐Surface Temperature Errors in 5 day Hindcasts Near the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Morcrette C. J. , Van Weverberg K. , Ma H.‐Y. , Ahlgrimm M. , Bazile E. , Berg L. K. , Cheng A. , Cheruy F. , Cole J. , Forbes R. , Gustafson W. I. , Huang M. , Lee W.‐S. , Liu Y. , Mellul L. , Merryfield W. J. , Qian Y. , Roehrig R. , Wang Y.‐C. , Xie S. , Xu K.‐M. , Zhang C. , Klein S. , Petch J.
Published: February 2018

We introduce the Clouds Above the United States and Errors at the Surface (CAUSES) project with its aim of better understanding the physical processes leading to warm screen temperature biases over the American Midwest in many numerical models. In this first of four companion papers, 11 different models, from nine institutes, perform a series of 5 day hindcasts, each initialized from reanalyses. After describing the common experimental protocol and detailing each model configuration, a gridded temperature data set is derived from observations and used to show that all the models have a warm bias over parts of the Midwest. Additionally, a strong diurnal cycle in the screen temperature bias is found in most models. In some models the bias is largest around midday, while in others it is largest during the night. At the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains (SGP) site, the model biases are shown to extend several kilometers into the atmosphere. Finally, to provide context for the companion papers, in which observations from the SGP site are used to evaluate the different processes contributing to errors there, it is shown that there are numerous locations across the Midwest where the diurnal cycle of the error is highly correlated with the diurnal cycle of the error at SGP. This suggests that conclusions drawn from detailed evaluation of models using instruments located at SGP will be representative of errors that are prevalent over a larger spatial scale.
Characterization of Wildfire‐Induced Aerosol Emissions From the Maritime Continent Peatland and Central African Dry Savannah with MISR and CALIPSO Aerosol Products
Authors: Lee Huikyo , Jeong Su‐Jong , Kalashnikova Olga , Tosca Mika , Kim Sang‐Woo , Kug Jong‐Seong
Published: February 2018

Aerosol plumes from wildfires affect the Earth's climate system through regulation of the radiative budget and clouds. However, optical properties of aerosols from individual wildfire smoke plumes and their resultant impact on regional climate are highly variable. Therefore, there is a critical need for observations that can constrain the partitioning between different types of aerosols. Here we present the apparent influence of regional ecosystem types on optical properties of wildfire‐induced aerosols based on remote sensing observations from two satellite instruments and three ground stations. The independent observations commonly show that the ratio of the absorbing aerosols is significantly lower in smoke plumes from the Maritime Continent than those from Central Africa, so that their impacts on regional climate are different. The observed light‐absorbing properties of wildfire‐induced aerosols are explained by dominant ecosystem types such as wet peatlands for the Maritime Continent and dry savannah for Central Africa, respectively. These results suggest that the wildfire‐aerosol‐climate feedback processes largely depend on the terrestrial environments from which the fires originate. These feedbacks also interact with climate under greenhouse warming. Our analysis shows that aerosol optical properties retrieved based on satellite observations are critical in assessing wildfire‐induced aerosols forcing in climate models. The optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol mixtures used by state‐of‐the‐art chemistry climate models may overestimate emissions for absorbing aerosols from wildfires over the Maritime Continent.
Simple Versus Complex Physical Representation of the Radiative Forcing From Linear Contrails: A Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Rodríguez De León Rubén , Lim Ling L. , Lee David S , Bennett Michael , Krämer Martina
Published: February 2018

An off‐line complex representation of the radiative forcing of linear contrails is applied for the first time to monthly mean 3‐D distributions. This representation assumes the same temperature‐dependent, spatially and time‐varying functions of ice water content and particle size for contrails as for natural cirrus. This complex representation is contrasted with more commonly used simplified setups in which fixed contrail optical depth values [0.1 to 0.3] are prescribed and from which the results show differences covering a factor of 3 assuming fixed or variable contrail layer altitudes. This prescribed range of representative fixed altitudes resulted in differences covering a factor of 2 when the optical depth was also fixed. Prescribing fixed particle sizes also resulted in differences covering a factor of 2 if altitude and optical depth are also fixed. In contrast, the inclusion of the dependence of the contrail ice water content on temperature produced differences of around 20% or less when assuming the same ranges of altitudes and ice particle sizes, resulting in a much improved confidence in the radiative forcing estimates and more accurate spatial and temporal representations of the radiative interaction between contrails and the background meteorology. Assuming a contrail vertical extent of 500 m, a 9 mW m−2 annual mean contrail radiative forcing is estimated, with an uncertainty range between 1 and 23 mW m−2 based on the ice water content's observed variability.
LOFAR Lightning Imaging: Mapping Lightning With Nanosecond Precision
Authors: Hare B. M. , Scholten O. , Bonardi A. , Buitink S. , Corstanje A. , Ebert U. , Falcke H. , Hörandel J. R. , Leijnse H. , Mitra P. , Mulrey K. , Nelles A. , Rachen J. P. , Rossetto L. , Rutjes C. , Schellart P. , Thoudam S. , Trinh T. N. G. , ter Veen S. , Winchen T.
Published: February 2018

Lightning mapping technology has proven instrumental in understanding lightning. In this work we present a pipeline that can use lightning observed by the LOw‐Frequency ARray (LOFAR) radio telescope to construct a 3‐D map of the flash. We show that LOFAR has unparalleled precision, on the order of meters, even for lightning flashes that are over 20 km outside the area enclosed by LOFAR antennas (∼3,200 km2), and can potentially locate over 10,000 sources per lightning flash. We also show that LOFAR is the first lightning mapping system that is sensitive to the spatial structure of the electrical current during individual lightning leader steps.
Influence of Seepage Flows on the Erodibility of Fluidized Silty Sediments: Parameterization and Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Shaotong , Jia Yonggang , Zhang Yaqi , Shan Hongxian
Published: February 2018

The influence of seabed fluidization on the erosion of cohesive sediment has been well recognized, however, quantitative parameterization works are rather difficult and remain poorly understood. Therefore, case studies are still needed to achieve better results even locally. Silty seabed in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) has been exposed to frequent fluidization and serious erosion. The present paper attempts to advance the research progress on the influence of fluidization on erosion using an annular flume and the YRD silts as a case study. Erosion coefficients are found to increase from 8.27 × 10−5 to 5.44 × 10−4
, corresponding to fluidization degrees from 0.03 to 0.96. Erodibility may increase by 6–7 times when the bottom sediments are fluidized. The significant influence is successfully parameterized into the erosion coefficient of the linear erosion formulation. Both direction and magnitude of the seepage flows dominate the erodibility of fluidized silts. Infiltration inhibits while upward seepage enhances entrainment of fluidized sediments, specifically via (a) loss of the original cohesive force between soil particles, (b) uplifting seepage forces acting onto the sediments at the water‐seabed interface, which partially offset the particle gravity, and (c) seepage pumping of fines from the interior to the surface, which enlarges the surface Shield parameter.
Characterization of thiol‐based redox modifications of Brassica napusSNF1‐related protein kinase 2.6‐2C
Authors: Ma Tianyi , Yoo Mi‐Jeong , Zhang Tong , Liu Lihong , Koh Jin , Song Wen‐Yuan , Harmon Alice C. , Sha Wei , Chen Sixue
Published: February 2018

Sucrose nonfermenting 1‐related protein kinase 2.6 (SnRK2.6), also known as Open Stomata 1 (OST1) in Arabidopsis thaliana, plays a pivotal role in abscisic acid (ABA)‐mediated stomatal closure. Four SnRK2.6 paralogs were identified in the Brassica napus genome in our previous work. Here we studied one of the paralogs, BnSnRK2.6‐2C, which was transcriptionally induced by ABA in guard cells. Recombinant BnSnRK2.6‐2C exhibited autophosphorylation activity and its phosphorylation sites were mapped. The autophosphorylation activity was inhibited by S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and by oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and the inhibition was reversed by reductants. Using monobromobimane (mBBr) labeling, we demonstrated a dose‐dependent modification of BnSnRK2.6‐2C by GSNO. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis revealed previously uncharacterized thiol‐based modifications including glutathionylation and sulfonic acid formation. Of the six cysteine residues in BnSnRK2.6‐2C, C159 was found to have different types of thiol modifications, suggesting its high redox sensitivity and versatility. In addition, mBBr labeling on tyrosine residues was identified. Collectively, these data provide detailed biochemical characterization of redox‐induced modifications and changes of the BnSnRK2.6‐2C activity.
Helicobacter pylori induces somatic mutations in TP53 via overexpression of CHAC1 in infected gastric epithelial cells
Authors: Wada Yuriko , Takemura Kosuke , Tummala Padmaja , Uchida Keisuke , Kitagaki Keisuke , Furukawa Asuka , Ishige Yuuki , Ito Takashi , Hara Yukichi , Suzuki Takashige , Mimuro Hitomi , Board Philip G. , Eishi Yoshinobu
Published: February 2018

Infection with Helicobacter pylori is known to decrease the level of glutathione in gastric epithelial cells and increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to DNA damage and the development of gastric cancer. Cation transport regulator 1 (CHAC1) has γ‐glutamylcyclotransferase activity that degrades glutathione. We found that cagA‐positive H. pylori infection triggered CHAC1 overexpression in human gastric epithelial (AGS) cells leading to glutathione degradation and the accumulation of ROS. Nucleotide alterations in the TP53 tumour suppressor gene were induced in AGS cells overexpressing CHAC1, whereas no mutations were detected in cells overexpressing a catalytically inactive mutant of CHAC1. A high frequency of TP53 mutations occurred in H. pylori‐infected AGS cells, but this was prevented in cells transfected with CHAC1 siRNA. These findings indicate that H. pylori‐mediated CHAC1 overexpression degrades intracellular glutathione, allowing the accumulation of ROS which subsequently causes mutations that could contribute to the development of gastric cancer.
A
mnibacterium
Authors: Srinivasan Sathiyaraj
Published: February 2018

Am.ni.bac.te'ri.um. L. n.
amnis
is river; L. neut. n.
bacterium
staff, rod; N.L. neut. n.
Amnibacterium
a rod associated with a river.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Microbacteriaceae / Amnibacterium

Cells are short and rod‐shaped (0.15–0.20 µm × 0.25–0.30 µm), Gram‐stain‐positive, non‐spore‐forming, and nonmotile. Aerobic, oxidase negative, and catalase positive. Chemoorganotrophic. Mesophilic; optimal growth at 30°C; growth range is 10–37°C. The cell‐wall peptidoglycan contains
l
‐2,4‐diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic amino acid. The respiratory quinones are unsaturated menaquinones with predominates of MK‐11 and MK‐12. The major fatty acids are predominantly iso‐ and anteiso‐branched, namely
anteiso
‐C
15:0
and
iso
‐C
16:0
. Major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified polar lipids.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 71.5 ∼ 72.7.

Type species
:
Amnibacterium kyonggiense
Kim and Lee 2011, 156
VP
.
Evidence that Crystal Facet Orientation Dictates Oxygen Evolution Intermediates on Rutile Manganese Oxide
Authors: Kakizaki Hirotaka , Ooka Hideshi , Hayashi Toru , Yamaguchi Akira , Bonnet‐Mercier Nadège , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Nakamura Ryuhei
Published: February 2018

Elucidating the mechanism that differentiates the oxygen‐evolving center of photosystem II with its inorganic counterpart is crucial to develop efficient catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Previous studies have suggested that the larger overpotential for MnO2 catalysts under neutral conditions may result from the instability of the Mn3+ intermediate to charge disproportionation. Here, by monitoring the surface intermediates of electrochemical OER on rutile MnO2 with different facet orientations, a correlation between the stability of the intermediate species and crystal facets is confirmed explicitly for the first time. The coverage of the Mn3+ intermediate is found to be 11‐fold higher on the metastable (101) surfaces compared to (110) surfaces, leading to the superior OER activity of (101) surfaces. The difference in OER activity may result from the difference in surface electronic states of Mn3+, where interlayer charge comproportionation of Mn2+ and Mn4+ to generate two Mn3+ species is favored on (101) facets. Considering the fact that the OER enzyme accommodates Mn3+ stably during the Kok cycle, the enhanced OER activity of the rutile MnO2 catalyst with a metastable surface highlights the importance of mimicking not only the crystal structure but also the electronic structure of the targeted natural enzyme.
Polymer Vesicles: Modular Platforms for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Wang Fangyingkai , Xiao Jiangang , Chen Shuai , Sun Hui , Yang Bo , Jiang Jinhui , Zhou Xue , Du Jianzhong
Published: February 2018

As an emerging field that is receiving an increasing amount of interest, theranostics is becoming increasingly important in the field of nanomedicine. Among the various smart platforms that have been proposed for use in theranostics, polymer vesicles (or polymersomes) are among the most promising candidates for integration of designated functionalities and modalities. Here, a brief summary of typical theranostic platforms is presented with a focus on modular polymer vesicles. To highlight modularity, the different methodologies for designing therapeutic and diagnostic modules are classified and current examples of theranostic vesicles that excel in both performance and design principle are provided. Finally, future prospects for theranostic polymer vesicles that can be readily prepared with functional modules are proposed. Overall, theranostic polymer vesicles with modular modalities and functions are more promising in nanomedicine than simply being “over‐engineered”.
Nanoalloy Materials for Chemical Catalysis
Authors: Fang Hao , Yang Jinhu , Wen Ming , Wu Qingsheng
Published: February 2018

Nanoalloys (NAs), which are distinctly different from bulk alloys or single metals, take on intrinsic features including tunable components and ratios, variable constructions, reconfigurable electronic structures, and optimizable performances, which endow NAs with fascinating prospects in the catalysis field. Here, the focus is on NA materials for chemical catalysis (except photocatalysis or electrocatalysis). In terms of composition, NA systems are divided into three groups, noble metal, base metal, and noble/base metal mixed NAs. Their design and fabrication for the optimization of catalytic performance are systematically summarized. Additionally, the correlations between the composition/structure and catalytic properties are also mentioned. Lastly, the challenges faced in current research are discussed, and further pathways toward their development are suggested.
Flexible Transparent Nanogenerators Utilizing Shape‐Modulated ZnO Nanorod Arrays on Graphene Electrodes
Authors: Son Myungwoo , Jang Hanbyeol , Lee Mi‐So , Yoon Tae‐Ho , Lee Byoung Hun , Lee Woong , Ham Moon‐Ho
Published: February 2018

Flexible and transparent hybrid piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are prepared, based on vertical arrays of shape‐modulated ZnO nanorods (ZnO‐NRs) placed between two single‐layer graphene sheets. A simple transfer printing method using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps in conjunction with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) enables the fabrication of flexible stacked structures of ZnO‐NRs/graphene/PDMS/PET, and the morphology of the ZnO‐NRs is controlled by metallic additives during their hydrothermal synthesis. The hybrid PENGs are transparent and generated electrical power upon bending; the power output performance is dependent on the nanorod morphology with a net volume power density of 0.0513 mW mm−3 for Cd‐doped ZnO‐NRs, which is comparable to that of today's energy storage devices. The variation in output power is ascribed to the differences in the deformation modes of ZnO‐NRs on bending because of the differences in their aspect ratios that are, in turn, controlled by the metallic additives; this suggests the possibility of customizing the power generation characteristics within a single material system.
Patterned and Iridescent Plastics with 3D Inverse Opal Structure for Anticounterfeiting of the Banknotes
Authors: Meng Yao , Liu Fangfang , Umair Malik Muhammad , Ju Benzhi , Zhang Shufen , Tang Bingtao
Published: February 2018

Iridescent and metallic structural colors originating from 3D photonic crystals (3DPCs) based on Bragg's law of diffraction have attracted considerable attention in recent years. The distinctive optical properties of the material promise tremendous potential in anticounterfeiting fields. However, the poor durability and device‐assisted detection of 3DPCs still limit the material's practical application. To overcome these inherent limitations, a novel iridescent flexible polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plastic film with a 3D inverse opal (3DIO) structure is prepared for the anticounterfeiting of banknotes. The excellent durability of the plastic film is due to the intrinsic robust properties of PVDF resin. Patterns can be easily printed on the plastic films by pressing method. The patterned colored PVDF film changes into six distinct color states when the viewing angle increases from 5° to 45°, and the color switching requires no external stimuli, which makes the plastic films a higher security‐level material. Given their excellent mechanical properties, the colored films can serve as an ideal candidate for anticounterfeiting materials.
Preparation and performance of poly (lactic acid)/fulvic acid benzhydrazide composites
Authors: Liu Panyu , Zhen Weijun , Bian Shengzhen , Wang Xuefeng
Published: February 2018

Fulvic acid (FA) was reacted with benzhydrazide to obtain the amide derivative of fulvic acid benzhydrazide (FA‐BH). The structure of FA‐BH was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Poly (lactic acid)/fulvic acid benzhydrazide (PLA‐FA‐BH) composites were prepared by melt blending. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and rheological analysis of PLA‐FA‐BH composites showed that the introduction of 0.1 wt% FA‐BH increased the tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, and impact strength of PLA3 (0.1%) increased by 6.38%, 27.47%, 28.75%, and 74.56%, respectively. The crystallinity of PLA was increased from 4.63% to 41.88% due to FA‐BH. The crystallization rate of PLA was greatly improved. The network structure of the PLA matrix became stiff due to incorporation of FA‐BH. The storage modulus and complex viscosities of PLA‐FA‐BH composites were significantly improved compared with pure PLA. The nucleation effect of FA‐BH improved the comprehensive performance of PLA.
Biodegradable Monocrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Microcells as Power Supplies for Transient Biomedical Implants
Authors: Lu Luyao , Yang Zijian , Meacham Kathleen , Cvetkovic Caroline , Corbin Elise A. , Vázquez‐Guardado Abraham , Xue Mantian , Yin Lan , Boroumand Javaneh , Pakeltis Grace , Sang Tian , Yu Ki Jun , Chanda Debashis , Bashir Rashid , Gereau Robert W. , Sheng Xing , Rogers John A.
Published: February 2018

Bioresorbable electronic materials serve as foundations for implantable devices that provide active diagnostic or therapeutic function over a timeframe matched to a biological process, and then disappear within the body to avoid secondary surgical extraction. Approaches to power supply in these physically transient systems are critically important. This paper describes a fully biodegradable, monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) platform based on microscale cells (microcells) designed to operate at wavelengths with long penetration depths in biological tissues (red and near infrared wavelengths), such that external illumination can provide realistic levels of power. Systematic characterization and theoretical simulations of operation under porcine skin and fat establish a foundational understanding of these systems and their scalability. In vivo studies of a representative platform capable of generating ≈60 µW of electrical power under 4 mm of porcine skin and fat illustrate an ability to operate blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) as subdermal implants in rats for 3 d. Here, the PV system fully resorbs after 4 months. Histological analysis reveals that the degradation process introduces no inflammatory responses in the surrounding tissues. The results suggest the potential for using silicon photovoltaic microcells as bioresorbable power supplies for various transient biomedical implants.
Treatment of patients with peritoneal metastases from gastric cancer
Authors: Kitayama Joji , Ishigami Hironori , Yamaguchi Hironori , Sakuma Yasunaru , Horie Hisanaga , Hosoya Yoshinori , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sata Naohiro
Published: February 2018

Despite recent advances in chemotherapy, outcomes of patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) from gastric cancer are still very poor and standard treatment has not been established. Although oral S‐1 appears to be effective for patients with PM, the effects of systemic chemotherapy are limited. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) yield fewer benefits in patients with PM from gastric cancer than in patients with PM from other malignancies. In comparison, repeated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (RIPEC) with taxanes using an implantable peritoneal access port has a pharmacokinetic advantage for the control of peritoneal lesions and in combination with systemic chemotherapy can result in surprisingly long‐term survival in patients with PM from gastric cancer. Herein, we review the results of recent clinical studies specifically targeting PM from gastric cancer and discuss future prospects for an intraperitoneal approach to the ideal treatment of patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal involvement.
Unsymmetrische, cyclische Diborene und thermische Umlagerung zu einem Borylborylen
Authors: Stennett Tom E. , Mattock James D. , Vollert Ivonne , Vargas Alfredo , Braunschweig Holger
Published: February 2018

Cyclische Diborane(4), die auf einer chelatisierenden, monoanionischen Benzylphosphan‐Brücke basieren, wurden mittels Bor‐Silicium‐Austausch aus Arylsilanen und B2Br4 hergestellt. Koordination von Lewis‐Basen an das verbleibende sp2‐Boratom ergab unsymmetrische sp3‐sp3‐Diborane, die mit KC8 zu ihren entsprechenden trans‐Diborenen reduziert wurden. Diese Verbindungen wurden mit einer Kombination aus spektroskopischen Methoden, Röntgenstrukturanalyse und DFT‐Rechnungen untersucht. Beim PMe3‐stabilisierten Diboren 6 wurde eine thermische Umlagerung zum gem‐Diboren 8 beobachtet. DFT‐Rechnungen an 8 lassen auf eine Borylborylen‐Struktur mit einer polaren Bor‐Bor‐Bindung schließen.
Nano‐sized metal complexes of azo L‐histidine: Synthesis, characterization and their application for catalytic oxidation of 2‐amino phenol
Authors: El‐Wakiel Nadia
Published: February 2018

A novel azo dye ligand formed by the coupling of L‐histidine with 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldyhide(H2L) and its Ru3+, Pd2+ and Ni2+ nano‐sized complexes were obtained and described by elemental analysis, TGA, magnetic moment measurements, molar conductance, UV‐Vis, ESR, X‐ray powder diffraction, IR, SEM, TEM, 1H‐nmr, 13C‐nmr, and EI‐mass spectral studies. The analytical results and spectral studies detected that the H2L ligand acts as dibasic tetradentate via aldehyde oxygen, azo nitrogen and deprotonated OH and COOH groups. The data showed the paramagnetic Ru3+ complex has octahedral geometry while Pd2+ and Ni2+ have square planar structures. The molar conductance measurements display all complexes are nonelectrolyte. The crystallinity, morphology and average particle size data revealed the prepared complexes were formed in the Nano scale. The average particle size as calculated from TEM images are found to be 13.72, 64.52 and 115.00 nm for Ru3+, Pd2+ and Ni2+ chelates, respectively. The catalytic activities of these compounds were checked for oxidation of 2‐amino phenol to 2‐amino‐3H phenoxazine‐3‐one as heterogeneous catalysts. A 96, 31 and 21% catalytic conversion are found when using Ru(III), Pd(II) and Ni(II) complexes respectively.
Li‐ion conductivity in PEO‐graphene oxide nanocomposite polymer electrolytes: A study on effect of the counter anion
Authors: Mohanta Jagdeep , Padhi Deepak K. , Si Satyabrata
Published: February 2018

Graphene oxide (GO) has been prepared by modified Hummer's method for their incorporation as nanofiller in designing nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs). Prior to use the GO nanofillers has been characterized by TEM, FTIR, and Raman studies to elucidate their nanostructure, functionality, and purity. The various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based NCPEs has been prepared by incorporating GO nanofillers in presence of three different lithium salts, viz., CF3SO3Li, LiTFSI, and LiNO3 as the source of Li‐ions and then casted into free standing polymeric films. The change in PEO crystallinity has been studied considering their full width half maximum values of respective diffraction peaks in the XRD spectra. The Li‐ion conductivity of various NCPEs has been studied from impedance spectroscopy. All the NCPE films show optimum value of Li‐ion conductivity with 0.3% GO nanofiller content irrespective of the source of Li‐ions used. But, variation of the Li‐ion conductivity values is occurred for all the three studied lithium salts. Both LiTFSI and LiNO3 salts display Li‐ion conductivity in the order of 10−4 S cm−1 whereas CF3SO3Li in the order of 10−6 S cm−1, all in presence of 0.3% GO nanofillers. The change in conductivity values of the NCPEs has been explained by correlating with Argand plots and also with change in PEO crystallinity, which occurs due to various relaxation processes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46336.