bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beta-Diversity Modeling and Mapping with LiDAR and Multispectral Sensors in a Semi-Evergreen Tropical Forest
Authors: Ochoa-Franco Alejandra , Valdez-Lazalde José , Ángeles-Pérez Gregorio , de los Santos-Posadas Hector , Hernández-Stefanoni José , Valdez-Hernández Juan , Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino
Published: May 2019

Tree beta-diversity denotes the variation in species composition at stand level, it is a key indicator of forest degradation, and is conjointly required with alpha-diversity for management decision making but has seldom been considered. Our aim was to map it in a continuous way with remote sensing technologies over a tropical landscape with different disturbance histories. We extracted a floristic gradient of dissimilarity through a non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination based on the ecological importance value of each species, which showed sensitivity to different land use history through significant differences in the gradient scores between the disturbances. After finding strong correlations between the floristic gradient and the rapidEye multispectral textures and LiDAR-derived variables, it was linearly regressed against them; variable selection was performed by fitting mixed-effect models. The redEdge band mean, the Canopy Height Model, and the infrared band variance explained 68% of its spatial variability, each coefficient with a relative importance of 49%, 32.5%, and 18.5% respectively. Our results confirmed the synergic use of LiDAR and multispectral sensors to map tree beta-diversity at stand level. This approach can be used, combined with ground data, to detect effects (either negative or positive) of management practices or natural disturbances on tree species composition.
Partnering with the Health Professions to Promote Prevention of an Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancy: Lessons Learned from an Academic–Organizational Collaborative
Authors: Tenkku Lepper Leigh , King Diane , Doll Joy , Gonzalez Sandra , Mitchell Ann , Hartje Joyce
Published: May 2019

Background: Evidence-based strategies exist to train healthcare professionals to ask their patients and clients about alcohol use, and are successful. Implementation of these strategies utilizing a system-level approach has not been conducted nationwide. This case study reports on the success of academic partnerships with national health professional organizations to increase adoption of evidence-based strategies to prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Methods: Authors reviewed and summarized multi-level strategies created as part of the developmental phase of this project in order to report successes and challenges. We applied the three principles of reflection, sense-making, and reciprocal learning, as identified in the practice change literature, to synthesize our experience. Results: There were five primary lessons learned as a result of this work: Development of technology-based training websites requires significant time to design, implement, and test; project ‘mission-drift’ is inevitable, but not necessarily unwelcome; time and effort is required to create and sustain functioning workgroups when there are different organizational cultures; and changing real-world practice is hard to do, yet changing the conversation on screening and brief intervention is possible. Conclusions: Use of multi-level strategies within an academic–professional organization model was successful in promoting awareness and education of healthcare professionals in the prevention of alcohol-exposed pregnancies.
Medical Clerkship in a State Registration and Reception Center for Forced Migrants in Germany: Students’ Experiences, Teachable Moments, and Psychological Burden
Authors: Kindermann David , Schmid Carolin , Derreza-Greeven Cassandra , Junne Florian , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Nikendei Christoph
Published: May 2019

Aspects of global health are becoming increasingly relevant for doctors of future generations. However, medical curricula rarely include courses which focus on global health or forced migration. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether students are at risk to develop psychological strain, after being confronted with highly burdened or even traumatized asylum seekers. This is a prospective study using a mixed-methods approach. We included n = 22 medical students performing a medical clerkship in a state registration and reception center for refugees. By applying (1) qualitative interviews, (2) reflective diaries, and (3) psychometric questionnaires, we examined the students’ experiences, teachable moments, and potential psychological burdens. In the interviews, the students emphasized the importance of cultural sensitivity during their clerkship. However, they also reported cognitive changes concerning their views of themselves and the world in general; this could indicate vicarious traumatization. The reflective diaries displayed high learning achievements. According to the psychometric questionnaires, the assignment in the reception center had not caused any significant psychological strain for the students. By completing their medical clerkship in a reception center, students were able to improve their medical, organizational, and interactional knowledge and skills. Furthermore, they reported that they had broadened their personal and cultural horizons.
Combination of Coagulation and Ozone Catalytic Oxidation for Pretreating Coking Wastewater
Authors: Chen Lei , Xu Yanhua , Sun Yongjun
Published: May 2019

In this study, coagulation, ozone (O3) catalytic oxidation, and their combined process were used to pretreat actual coking wastewater. The effects on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol in coking wastewater were investigated. Results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were an O3 mass flow rate of 4.1 mg min−1, a reaction temperature of 35 °C, a catalyst dosage ratio of 5:1, and a O3 dosage of 500 mg·L−1. The phenol removal ratio was 36.8% for the coagulation and sedimentation of coking wastewater under optimal conditions of 25 °C of reaction temperature, 7.5 reaction pH, 150 reaction gradient (G) value, and 500 mg·L−1 coagulant dosage. The removal ratios of COD and phenol reached 24.06% and 2.18%, respectively. After the O3-catalyzed oxidation treatment, the phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heterocyclic compounds were degraded to varying degrees. Coagulation and O3 catalytic oxidation contributed to the removal of phenol and COD. The optimum reaction conditions for the combined process were as follows: O3 dosage of 500 mg·L−1, O3 mass flow of 4.1 mg·min−1, catalyst dosage ratio of 5:1, and reaction temperature of 35 °C. The removal ratios of phenol and COD reached 47.3% and 30.7%, respectively.
Factors Influencing Young People’s Intention toward Municipal Solid Waste Sorting
Authors: Shen Lin , Si Hongyun , Yu Lei , Si Haolun
Published: May 2019

With the rapid growth of urban economy and population in China, the output of municipal solid waste (MSW) has dramatically increased becoming a constant threat to residents’ living environment and health. The classification intention of residents plays a pivotal role in solving the problem of MSW disposal. While numerous studies have examined the classification behavior of MSW from the perspective of ordinary residents and households, few studies have attempted to understand young people’s sorting intention. The novelty of this research is to explore the determinants that affect young people’s intention toward municipal solid waste sorting (MSWS) by extending the predictive factors of environmental concern and personal moral obligation into the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A sample of 524 young respondents from Hebei Province in China were used to conduct a structural equation model (SEM) validation. The empirical results revealed that, according to the rankings of significance, personal moral obligation, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm had positive influences on young people’s intention toward MSWS, while attitude and environmental concern did not. Furthermore, the multi-group comparison showed that, compared with the male and rural group, the intention of female and urban respondents to classify MSW was not affected by subjective norms. Some targeted managerial implications were ultimately proposed to promote young people’s intention toward MSWS. This study contributes to the existing knowledge system of MSWS by revealing the classification intention of young people as a group. The findings and implications provide the government with useful insights for encouraging young people to actively participate in MSWS.
Physical Activity of Polish and Norwegian Local Communities in the Context of Self-Government Authorities’ Projects
Authors: Urbaniak-Brekke Anna Maria , Pluta Beata , Krzykała Magdalena , Andrzejewski Marcin
Published: May 2019

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between the physical activity (PA) undertaken by two groups of residents living in Poland and Norway, and projects run by their respective local authorities. A secondary goal is to determine PA levels in the studied social groups. Two representative groups (one from each country) were examined using a diagnostic survey, supported by questionnaires and interviews. The Polish cohort consisted of 382 respondents who were residents of 11 municipalities in the Kalisz district of the Greater Poland voivodship. The Norwegian cohort was made up of 378 residents of 8 Indre Sogn municipalities from the Sogn og Fjordane region. Norwegians are twice as physically active as Poles and assess their municipal sport and recreation facilities to be much better. There is no statistically significant relationship between Polish and Norwegian PA levels in the two studied groups and their positive views on the impact of their local governments’ projects to promote PA. Statistically significant correlations occurred between the frequency of PA undertaken, the time pattern of class unit, MET level (metabolic equivalent) and the declared use of the sport and recreation facilities of the two communities. Both groups are more willing to be active outdoors than indoors and thus municipal authorities should take particular care about the state of outdoor sports and recreation infrastructure. An innovative and original action model is presented to assist local authorities in their attempts to raise PA levels in their communities.
A Peptide Inhibitor of NADPH Oxidase (NOX2) Activation Markedly Decreases Mouse Lung Injury and Mortality Following Administration of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Authors: Fisher Aron B. , Dodia Chandra , Chatterjee Shampa , Feinstein Sheldon I.
Published: May 2019

We have previously derived three related peptides, based on a nine-amino acid sequence in human or rat/mouse surfactant protein A, that inhibit the phospholipase A2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) and prevent the activation of lung NADPH oxidase (type 2). The present study evaluated the effect of these Prdx6-inhibitory peptides (PIP) in a mouse (C57Bl/6) model of acute lung injury following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. All three peptides (PIP-1, 2 and 3) similarly inhibited the production of reactive O2 species (ROS) in isolated mouse lungs as detected by the oxidation of Amplex red. PIP-2 inhibited both the increased phospholipase A2 activity of Prdx6 and lung reactive oxygen species (ROS) production following treatment of mice with intratracheal LPS (5 µg/g body wt.). Pre-treatment of mice with PIP-2 prevented LPS-mediated lung injury while treatment with PIP-2 at 12 or 16 h after LPS administration led to reversal of lung injury when evaluated 12 or 8 h later, respectively. With a higher dose of LPS (15 µg/g body wt.), mortality was 100% at 48 h in untreated mice but only 28% in mice that were treated at 12–24 h intervals, with PIP-2 beginning at 12 h after LPS administration. Treatment with PIP-2 also markedly decreased mortality after intraperitoneal LPS (15 µg/g body wt.), used as a model of sepsis. This study shows the dramatic effectiveness of a peptide inhibitor of Prdx6 against lung injury and mouse mortality in LPS models. We propose that the PIP nonapeptides may be a useful modality to prevent or to treat human ALI.
The Crowded Crosstalk between Cancer Cells and Stromal Microenvironment in Gynecological Malignancies: Biological Pathways and Therapeutic Implication
Authors: De Nola Rosalba , Menga Alessio , Castegna Alessandra , Loizzi Vera , Ranieri Girolamo , Cicinelli Ettore , Cormio Gennaro
Published: May 2019

The tumor microenvironment plays a pillar role in the progression and the distance dissemination of cancer cells in the main malignancies affecting women—epithelial ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and cervical cancer. Their milieu acquires specific properties thanks to intense crosstalk between stromal and cancer cells, leading to a vicious circle. Fibroblasts, pericytes, lymphocytes and tumor associated-macrophages orchestrate most of the biological pathways. In epithelial ovarian cancer, high rates of activated pericytes determine a poorer prognosis, defining a common signature promoting ovarian cancer proliferation, local invasion and distant spread. Mesenchymal cells also release chemokines and cytokines under hormonal influence, such as estrogens that drive most of the endometrial cancers. Interestingly, the architecture of the cervical cancer milieu is shaped by the synergy of high-risk Human Papilloma Virus oncoproteins and the activity of stromal estrogen receptor α. Lymphocytes represent a shield against cancer cells but some cell subpopulation could lead to immunosuppression, tumor growth and dissemination. Cytotoxic tumor infiltrating lymphocytes can be eluded by over-adapted cancer cells in a scenario of immune-tolerance driven by T-regulatory cells. Therefore, the tumor microenvironment has a high translational potential offering many targets for biological and immunological therapies.
Rapid Morphological and Cytoskeletal Response to Microgravity in Human Primary Macrophages
Authors: Thiel Cora Sandra , Tauber Svantje , Lauber Beatrice , Polzer Jennifer , Seebacher Christian , Uhl Rainer , Neelam Srujana , Zhang Ye , Levine Howard , Ullrich Oliver
Published: May 2019

The FLUMIAS (Fluorescence-Microscopic Analyses System for Life-Cell-Imaging in Space) confocal laser spinning disk fluorescence microscope represents a new imaging capability for live cell imaging experiments on suborbital ballistic rocket missions. During the second pioneer mission of this microscope system on the TEXUS-54 suborbital rocket flight, we developed and performed a live imaging experiment with primary human macrophages. We simultaneously imaged four different cellular structures (nucleus, cytoplasm, lysosomes, actin cytoskeleton) by using four different live cell dyes (Nuclear Violet, Calcein, LysoBrite, SiR-actin) and laser wavelengths (405, 488, 561, and 642 nm), and investigated the cellular morphology in microgravity (10−4 to 10−5 g) over a period of about six minutes compared to 1 g controls. For live imaging of the cytoskeleton during spaceflight, we combined confocal laser microscopy with the SiR-actin probe, a fluorogenic silicon-rhodamine (SiR) conjugated jasplakinolide probe that binds to F-actin and displays minimal toxicity. We determined changes in 3D cell volume and surface, nuclear volume and in the actin cytoskeleton, which responded rapidly to the microgravity environment with a significant reduction of SiR-actin fluorescence after 4–19 s microgravity, and adapted subsequently until 126–151 s microgravity. We conclude that microgravity induces geometric cellular changes and rapid response and adaptation of the potential gravity-transducing cytoskeleton in primary human macrophages.
Cyclophilin A in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Rurali Erica , Pilato Chiara Assunta , Perrucci Gianluca Lorenzo , Scopece Alessandro , Stadiotti Ilaria , Moschetta Donato , Casella Michela , Cogliati Elisa , Sommariva Elena , Pompilio Giulio , Nigro Patrizia
Published: May 2019

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic disorder characterized by the progressive substitution of functional myocardium with noncontractile fibro-fatty tissue contributing to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a ubiquitous protein involved in several pathological mechanisms, which also characterize ACM (i.e., fibrosis, inflammation, and adipogenesis). Nevertheless, the involvement of CyPA in ACM cardiac remodeling has not been investigated yet. Thus, we first evaluated CyPA expression levels in the right ventricle (RV) tissue specimens obtained from ACM patients and healthy controls (HC) by immunohistochemistry. Then, we took advantage of ACM- and HC-derived cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSC) to assess CyPA modulation during adipogenic differentiation. Interestingly, CyPA was more expressed in the RV sections obtained from ACM vs. HC subjects and positively correlated with the adipose replacement extent. Moreover, CyPA was upregulated at early stages of C-MSC adipogenic differentiation and was secreted at higher level over time in ACM- derived C-MSC. Our study provides novel ex vivo and in vitro information on CyPA expression in ACM remodeling paving the way for future C-MSC-based mechanistic and therapeutic investigations.
Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Information from Animal Models on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Cognitive Deficits
Authors: Hort Jakub , Vališ Martin , Kuča Kamil , Angelucci Francesco
Published: May 2019

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second most common cause of cognitive deficit after Alzheimer’s disease. Since VCI patients represent an important target population for prevention, an ongoing effort has been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disorder. In this review, we summarize the information from animal models on the molecular changes that occur in the brain during a cerebral vascular insult and ultimately lead to cognitive deficits in VCI. Animal models cannot effectively represent the complex clinical picture of VCI in humans. Nonetheless, they allow some understanding of the important molecular mechanisms leading to cognitive deficits. VCI may be caused by various mechanisms and metabolic pathways. The pathological mechanisms, in terms of cognitive deficits, may span from oxidative stress to vascular clearance of toxic waste products (such as amyloid beta) and from neuroinflammation to impaired function of microglia, astrocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells. Impaired production of elements of the immune response, such as cytokines, and vascular factors, such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), may also affect cognitive functions. No single event could be seen as being the unique cause of cognitive deficits in VCI. These events are interconnected, and may produce cascade effects resulting in cognitive impairment.
Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Trends and Perspectives
Authors: Hernández Jose Antonio
Published: May 2019

Salinity stress is one of the more prevailing abiotic stresses which results in significant losses in agricultural crop production, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas [...]
Impact of CYP3A5, POR, and CYP2C19 Polymorphisms on Trough Concentration to Dose Ratio of Tacrolimus in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Suetsugu Kimitaka , Mori Yasuo , Yamamoto Nanae , Shigematsu Tomohiro , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Egashira Nobuaki , Akashi Koichi , Masuda Satohiro
Published: May 2019

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing genes may affect tacrolimus pharmacokinetics. Here, we investigated the influence of genotypes of CYP3A5, CYP2C19, and POR on the concentration/dose (C/D) ratio of tacrolimus and episodes of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in Japanese recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Thirty-six patients receiving the first HSCT using tacrolimus-based GVHD prophylaxis were enrolled with written informed consent. During continuous intravenous infusion, HSCT recipients carrying the CYP3A5*1 allele, particularly those with at least one POR*28 allele, had a significantly lower tacrolimus C/D ratio throughout all three post-HSCT weeks compared to that in recipients with POR*1/*1 (p < 0.05). The CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype and the concomitant use of voriconazole were independent predictors of an increased tacrolimus C/D ratio during the switch from continuous intravenous infusion to oral administration (p < 0.05). In recipients receiving concomitant administration of voriconazole, our results suggest an impact of not only CYP3A5 and CYP2C19 genotypes, but also plasma voriconazole concentration. Although switching from intravenous to oral administration at a ratio of 1:5 was seemingly appropriate in recipients with CYP3A5*1, a lower conversion ratio (1:2–3) was appropriate in recipients with CYP3A5*3/*3. Our results suggest that CYP3A5, POR, and CYP2C19 polymorphisms are useful biomarkers for individualized dosage adjustment of tacrolimus in HSCT recipients.
Formation of the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma and Therapeutic Approaches to Counter It
Authors: Aldinucci Donatella , Borghese Cinzia , Casagrande Naike
Published: May 2019

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by a few tumor cells surrounded by a protective, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment composed of normal cells that are an active part of the disease. Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells evade the immune system through a variety of different mechanisms. They evade antitumor effector T cells and natural killer cells and promote T cell exhaustion. Using cytokines and extracellular vesicles, they recruit normal cells, induce their proliferation and “educate” (i.e. reprogram) them to become immunosuppressive and protumorigenic. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies are being developed to target not only tumor cells but also the tumor microenvironment. Here we summarize current knowledge on the ability of HRS cells to build their microenvironment and to educate normal cells to become immunosuppressive. We also describe therapeutic strategies to counteract formation of the tumor microenvironment and related processes leading to T cell exhaustion and repolarization of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages.
Comparison of Self-Etching Ceramic Primer and Conventional Silanization to Bond Strength in Cementation of Fiber Reinforced Composite Post
Authors: Pang Nan-Sim , Jung Bock-Young , Roh Byoung-Duck , Shin Yooseok
Published: May 2019

Various mechanical and chemical surface treatments have been proposed to improve the retention of fiber-reinforced composite post (FRCP), but the results are still controversial. The bond strength and durability of a self-etching ceramic primer, which was recently released as an alternative to etching and silane, are not yet known. This study aimed to compare and evaluate the push-out bond strength of different surface treatments of FRCPs after an artificial aging procedure. Four groups (n = 10) were established to evaluated FRCP surface treatments (dentin adhesive bonding; silane and adhesive bonding; hydrofluoric acid, silane and adhesive bonding; and a self-etching ceramic primer). They were bonded with dual-curing rein cement (Multilink N) and stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 30 days, then thermal cycled for 7500 cycles. After being sectioned into 1 mm thickness, each coronal and apical part was evaluated for its the push-out bond strength by a universal testing machine. Each debonded specimen was observed by an optical microscope and divided according to the failure modes. The results showed that silane treatment significantly improved push-out bond strength, but the self-etching ceramic primer did not do so. Additional hydrofluoric acid treatment or the adhesive bonding agent alone did not significantly improve the retention of FRCPs. Cohesive failure of the luting material was found most frequently in all groups.
A Critical Analysis of TKR In Vitro Wear Tests Considering Predicted Knee Joint Loads
Authors: Affatato Saverio , Ruggiero Alessandro
Published: May 2019

Detailed knowledge about loading of the knee joint is essential for preclinical testing of total knee replacement. Direct measurement of joint reaction forces is generally not feasible in a clinical setting; non-invasive methods based on musculoskeletal modelling should therefore be considered as a valid alternative to the standards guidelines. The aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of using knee joint forces calculated through musculoskeletal modelling software for developing an in vitro wear assessment protocol by using a knee wear simulator. In particular, in this work we preliminarily show a comparison of the predicted knee joint forces (in silico) during the gait with those obtained from the ISO 14243-1/3 and with those measured in vivo by other authors. Subsequently, we compare the wear results obtained from a knee wear joint simulator loaded by calculated forces in correspondence to the “normal gait” kinematics with those obtained in correspondence to the loads imposed by the ISO. The obtained results show that even if the predicted load profiles are not totally in good agreement with the loads deriving from ISO standards and from in vivo measurements, they can be useful for in vitro wear tests, since the results obtained from the simulator in terms of wear are in agreement with the literature data.
Recent Progress in the Voltage-Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy Effect and the Challenges Faced in Developing Voltage-Torque MRAM
Authors: Nozaki Takayuki , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Miwa Shinji , Tsujikawa Masahito , Shirai Masafumi , Yuasa Shinji , Suzuki Yoshishige
Published: May 2019

The electron spin degree of freedom can provide the functionality of “nonvolatility” in electronic devices. For example, magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) is expected as an ideal nonvolatile working memory, with high speed response, high write endurance, and good compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. However, a challenging technical issue is to reduce the operating power. With the present technology, an electrical current is required to control the direction and dynamics of the spin. This consumes high energy when compared with electric-field controlled devices, such as those that are used in the semiconductor industry. A novel approach to overcome this problem is to use the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect, which draws attention to the development of a new type of MRAM that is controlled by voltage (voltage-torque MRAM). This paper reviews recent progress in experimental demonstrations of the VCMA effect. First, we present an overview of the early experimental observations of the VCMA effect in all-solid state devices, and follow this with an introduction of the concept of the voltage-induced dynamic switching technique. Subsequently, we describe recent progress in understanding of physical origin of the VCMA effect. Finally, new materials research to realize a highly-efficient VCMA effect and the verification of reliable voltage-induced dynamic switching with a low write error rate are introduced, followed by a discussion of the technical challenges that will be encountered in the future development of voltage-torque MRAM.
Au and Te Minerals in Seafloor Massive Sulphides from Semyenov-2 Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Firstova Anna , Stepanova Tamara , Sukhanova Anna , Cherkashov Georgy , Poroshina Irina
Published: May 2019

The Semyenov-2 hydrothermal field located at 13°31′N of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is associated with an oceanic core complex (OCC) and hosted by peridotites and basalts with minor amounts of gabbro and plagiogranites. Seafloor massive sulphides (SMS) are represented by chimneys with zonality, massive sulphides without zonality and sulphide breccia cemented by opal and aragonite. The mean value of Au (20.6 ppm) and Te (40 ppm) is much higher than average for the MAR SMS deposits (3.2 ppm and 8.0 ppm, respectively). Generally, these high concentrations reflect the presence of a wide diversity of Au and Te minerals associated with major mineral paragenesis: primary native gold, melonite (NiTe2) and tellurobismuthite (Bi2Te3) are related to high-temperature chalcopyrite (~350 °C); electrum (AuAg)1, hessite (Ag2Te) and altaite (PbTe) are related to medium- and low-temperature Zn-sulphide and opal assemblages (260–230 °C). Calaverite (AuTe2) and Te-rich “fahlore” Cu12(Sb,As,Te)4S13 are texturally related to the chalcopyrite-bornite-covellite. Enrichment of Au in sulphide breccia with opal and aragonite cement is driven by the re-deposition and the process of hydrothermal reworking of sulphide. The low-temperature fluid mobilizes gold from primary sulphide, along with Au and Te minerals. As a result, the secondary gold re-precipitate in cement of sulphide breccia. An additional contribution of Au enrichment is the presence of aragonite in the Cu-Zn breccia where the maximal Au content (188 ppm) is reached.
Effects of Central Loop Length and Metal Ions on the Thermal Stability of G-Quadruplexes
Authors: Hao Fengjin , Ma Yushu , Guan Yifu
Published: May 2019

The central loop of G-quadruplex molecular beacons is a key element to sense target DNA or RNA sequences. In this study, circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD), thermal difference spectrum (TDS), non-denatured non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, and thermal stability analysis were used to investigate the effect of the central loop length on G-quadruplex features. Two series of G-quadruplexes, AG3TTAG3-(TTA)n-G3TTAG3T (n = 1–8) (named TTA series) and AG3TTTG3-(TTA)n-G3TTTG3T (n = 1–8) (named TTT series) were examined in K+ and Na+ solutions, respectively. CD and TDS spectral data indicated that TTA series adopted an antiparallel G-quadruplex structure in Na+ solution and a hybrid G-quadruplex structure in K+ solution respectively. TTT series exhibited a hybrid G-quadruplex structure in both Na+ and K+ solutions. UV melting curves indicated that the stability of G-quadruplex in both series was reduced by the elongation of central loop. Thermal stability analysis concluded that the G-quadruplex destabilization with long central loop is an entropy-driven process due to more flexible and longer central loops.
Geographic Differences in Element Accumulation in Needles of Aleppo Pines (Pinus halepensis Mill.) Grown in Mediterranean Region
Authors: Zeiner Michaela , Kuhar Ana , Juranović Cindrić Iva
Published: May 2019

Pine needles are widely used as bio-indicators due to their worldwide distribution and the ease of sample collection. In contrast to deciduous trees, conifers offer the possibility of monitoring long-term exposure through older needles. Pinus halepensis Miller is a pine species native to the Mediterranean region, which has been used for restoration activities in arid and semiarid areas leading to vast spatial expansion. Needles from pine trees collected in the southeastern to northwestern extension of Croatia’s coastal area at twelve sampling sites were analysed for twenty-one metals and metalloids. Statistical evaluation of the obtained data revealed significant differences for Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se, and Sr between the different regions. Needles from trees growing on islands did not show elevated levels of Mg and/or Na as a result of the sea spray influence. The differences in metal accumulation are supposed to be linked to the environmental conditions at the respective sampling site, since the species was the same everywhere. By comparing the elemental contents of the soil those of with needles, it can be clearly seen, that the root as well as the foliar uptake contribute to the final amount.
The Love of God as a Consistent Jewish Response to Modernity
Authors: Dreff Erik
Published: May 2019

Discussions of Jewish responses to modernity often focus on what is new or what has adapted or evolved in Judaism in the face of modernity’s challenges. However, contrary to convention, this paper argues that, at least in principle, neither has the challenge nor the response changed all that much. Through an examination of several key modern Jewish thinkers, including Spinoza, Mendelssohn, Rosenzweig, and Buber, and by focusing on a traditional Jewish concept and value, the Love of God, this paper claims that the Love of God functions as the orienting principle for much of modern Jewish thought, just as it did throughout the history of Judaism. Upon demonstrating the consistent presence of the concept of the Love of God throughout the Jewish tradition, and especially in much of modern Jewish thought, this paper goes on to briefly reflect on the importance and vitality of the concept of the Love of God for both Judaism and modernity, despite and beyond the commercialization and cheapening of the concept of Love in recent times.
Religious Education and Sacred Study in the Teachings of Rabbi Yitshak Hutner
Authors: Mayse Ariel Evan
Published: May 2019

Rabbi Yitshak Hutner (1906–1980) was a remarkable scholar, an enigmatic religious intellectual and a charismatic teacher. Drawing upon his public discourses and his written letters, I argue that Hutner’s vocabulary—which remained rooted almost entirely in the vocabulary of traditional Talmudism—afforded him a ready garment in which to clothe a syncretic educational theory, which combines Hasidic approaches to spiritual instruction and remakes the traditions of Lithuanian piety and study for his new American audience. The present study interrogates a series of key themes that appear in Hutner’s teachings, all of which pertain to issues of pedagogy and the construction of religious education. The essay advances a historical argument by examining the works of an important and influential modern Jewish thinker, but it is also driven by a constructive question: What does Hutner’s vision of Jewish religious teaching and learning have to contribute to today’s Jewish education, and to the broader world of higher education in North America in particular?
Satellite Derived Bathymetry Using Machine Learning and Multi-Temporal Satellite Images
Authors: Sagawa Tatsuyuki , Yamashita Yuta , Okumura Toshio , Yamanokuchi Tsutomu
Published: May 2019

Shallow water bathymetry is important for nautical navigation to avoid stranding, as well as for the scientific simulation of high tide and high waves in coastal areas. Although many studies have been conducted on satellite derived bathymetry (SDB), previously used methods basically require supervised data for analysis, and cannot be used to analyze areas that are unreachable by boat or airplane. In this study, a mapping method for shallow water bathymetry was developed, using random forest machine learning and multi-temporal satellite images to create a generalized depth estimation model. A total of 135 Landsat-8 images, and a large amount of training bathymetry data for five areas were analyzed with the Google Earth Engine. The accuracy of SDB was evaluated by comparison with reference bathymetry data. The root mean square error in the final estimated water depth in the five test areas was 1.41 m for depths of 0 to 20 m. The SDB creation system developed in this study is expected to be applicable in various shallow water regions under highly transparent conditions.
The Empirical Application of Automotive 3D Radar Sensor for Target Detection for an Autonomous Surface Vehicle’s Navigation
Authors: Stateczny Andrzej , Kazimierski Witold , Gronska-Sledz Daria , Motyl Weronika
Published: May 2019

Avoiding collisions with other objects is one of the most basic safety tasks undertaken in the operation of floating vehicles. Addressing this challenge is essential, especially during unmanned vehicle navigation processes in autonomous missions. This paper provides an empirical analysis of the surface target detection possibilities in a water environment, which can be used for the future development of tracking and anti-collision systems for autonomous surface vehicles (ASV). The research focuses on identifying the detection ranges and the field of view for various surface targets. Typical objects that could be met in the water environment were analyzed, including a boat and floating objects. This study describes the challenges of implementing automotive radar sensors for anti-collision tasks in a water environment from the perspective of target detection with the application for small ASV performing tasks on the lake.
Comparison of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Data for Estimation of Leaf Area Index in Temperate Forests
Authors: Meyer Lorenz Hans , Heurich Marco , Beudert Burkhard , Premier Joseph , Pflugmacher Dirk
Published: May 2019

With the launch of the Sentinel-2 satellites, a European capacity has been created to ensure continuity of Landsat and SPOT observations. In contrast to previous sensors, Sentinel-2′s multispectral imager (MSI) incorporates three additional spectral bands in the red-edge (RE) region, which are expected to improve the mapping of vegetation traits. The objective of this study was to compare Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI data for the estimation of leaf area index (LAI) in temperate, deciduous broadleaf forests. We used hemispherical photography to estimate effective LAI at 36 field plots. We then built and compared simple and multiple linear regression models between field-based LAI and spectral bands and vegetation indices derived from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2, respectively. Our main findings are that Sentinel-2 predicts LAI with comparable accuracy to Landsat-8. The best Landsat-8 models predicted LAI with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.877, and the best Sentinel-2 model achieved an RMSE of 0.879. In addition, Sentinel-2′s RE bands and RE-based indices did not improve LAI prediction. Thirdly, LAI models showed a high sensitivity to understory vegetation when tree cover was sparse. According to our findings, Sentinel-2 is capable of delivering data continuity at high temporal resolution.
Revisiting Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS) Over Sand Deserts for Vicarious Calibration of Optical Imagers at 20 km and 100 km Scales
Authors: Bacour Cédric , Briottet Xavier , Bréon François-Marie , Viallefont-Robinet Françoise , Bouvet Marc
Published: May 2019

In-flight assessment of the radiometric performances of space-borne instruments can be achieved by means of vicarious calibration over Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS). PICS are chosen for the high temporal stability of their surface optical properties combined with a high spatial homogeneity. A first list of the main desert PIC sites was identified 20 years ago for the calibration of medium/coarse spatial resolution instruments in the solar spectral range (400–2500 nm). They are located in the Saharan desert and in the Arabian Peninsula. Six of them have since been endorsed by the CEOS/WGCV/IVOS as reference Calibration/Validation test sites. In this study, we have revisited the list of desert PIC sites at the global scale with the aim of (1) assessing if these twenty PICS are still “optimal”, in terms of temporal stability and spatial uniformity, and using up-to-date multi-spectral remote sensing data, and (2) identifying new calibration sites distributed over other areas of the world. We verified that the original sites remain very relevant, although alternate locations in their close vicinity have slightly better characteristics. We proposed four additional targets with similar characteristics, some of which may offer easier logistical access. In order to support radiative transfer simulations of satellite sensor measurements over the sites, we assessed the abilities of several semi-empirical models to reproduce the spectro-directional signatures of six IVOS sites and the four new candidate sites, and we derived climatologies of the main atmospheric properties (trace gas column load and aerosol optical depth).
Analysis of Topological Endomorphism of Fuzzy Measure in Hausdorff Distributed Monoid Spaces
Authors: Bagchi Susmit
Published: May 2019

The concepts of fuzzy sets and topology are widely applied to model various algebraic structures and computations. The dynamics of fuzzy measures in topological spaces having distributed monoid embeddings is an interesting topic in the presence of topological endomorphism. This paper presents the analysis of topological endomorphism and the properties of topological fuzzy measures in distributed monoid spaces. The topological space is considered to be Hausdorff and second countable in nature. The analysis of consistency of fuzzy measure in endomorphic topological spaces is formulated. The algebraic structures of endomorphic topological spaces having distributed cyclic monoids are constructed. The cyclic monoids contain specific generators, and a related cyclic topological endomorphism within the subspace is formulated. The analytical properties of fuzzy topological measures in the presence of cyclic topological endomorphism are presented. A comparative analysis of this proposed work with other related work in the domain is included.
Etude expérimentale des stades précoces de l'altération hydrothermale de matériaux vitreux. Cas d'une obsidienne (300 °C -100 MPa)
Authors: Thomassin Jean-Hugues , Iiyama Jean Toshimichi
Published: May 2019

The alteration of an obsidian under hydrothermal conditions was experimentally investigated in order to characterize the early stages of the alteration in different media (water - saline solutions - HCl solution). The evolutions of the system allow one to determine the intensity of the alteration from the data on solutions (alkalis and silica) and the direct approach of the alteration layers (electron microscopy). From a geochemical point of view, aluminium plays a major role through the alumino-silicates. The involved mechanisms for the alteration of obsidian are the selective dissolution of the glassy network (the intensity of which depends on the leachant) and the centripetal and centrifugal development of the alteration layer (water and saline solutions).
Pemahaman Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen Tentang II Timotius 3:10 Terhadap Peningkatan Kecerdasan Spiritual Anak Didik
Authors: Sahartian Santy
Published: May 2019

Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen adalah seseorang yang profesinya mengajar untuk mendewasakan peserta didik melalui pendidikan yang berisi ajaran kekristenan dengan menekankan ketiga aspek (kognitif, afektif dan psikomotorik) berdasarkan iman kristen. Kecerdasan spiritual merupakan kecerdasan yang tertinggi yang dimiliki oleh seseorang untuk mengerti dan memahami keberadaannya, yang dinilai sebagai tingkat kerohanian seseorang dalam hubungannya dengan Tuhannya. pembentukan kecerdasan spiritual anak didik adalah suatu proses untuk membentuk kehidupan rohani anak didik sehingga ia memiliki kecakapan untuk merealisasikan kebenaran Firman Tuhan dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Sebagai seorang guru pendidikan Agama Kristen mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam mengerti akan kepribadian anak didiknya. Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat penting, seperti yang Alkitab katakan seorang Guru haruslah cakap di dalam mengajar penulis akan memaparkan tentang pemahaman guru tentang II Timotius 3:10. Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen sebagai pendidik anak didik atas dasar tanggung jawab dan kasih sayang serta keiklasan guru. Dalam hal ini guru Agama Kristen mempunyai peran yang sangat penting bagi anak didik dalam mempelajari, mengkaji, mendidik dan membina kehidupannya dalam kebenaran. Sehingga guru PAK dapat melihat apa yang dihasilkan ketika mereka mendidik anak didik dengan pemahaman yang benar tentang prinsip-prinsip PAK yang terdapat di II Timotius 3:10. Sangatlah penting seorang anak mempunyai kecerdasan spiritual. Tetapi tidak hanya sekedar anak mempunyai kecerdasan tersebut, tetapi perlu adanya peningkatan. Peningkatan ini berfungsi supaya kecerdasan dalam pribadi anak lebih sempurna. Meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual juga dapat membuat anak melihat sesuatu yang lebih terang dan humoris, meraih kegembiraan dan mempunyai kegigihan. Ada dua hal yang bisa dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan Spiritual, baik secara rohani maupun secara umum.Kata Kunci: Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen, Kecerdasan Spiritual
Воєнно-технічна політика: проблеми оснащення збройних сил системами авіаційного озброєння, військової та спеціальної техніки в умовах ресурсних обмежень
Authors: Chepkov I. B. , Holovin O. O. , Zubariev O. V. , Sverhunov O. O. , Shostak V. G.
Published: May 2019

Проведено системний аналіз різних факторів впливу на воєнно-технічну політику, що виникли в останні роки при вирішенні проблем оснащення збройних сил системами авіаційного озброєння, військової та спеціальної техніки в умовах ресурсних обмежень. Показан методичний підхід з оцінки воєнно-технічної політики при цьому на основі теорії ризиків
THE EFFECTS OF EXPLICIT INSTRUCTIONS OF READING STRATEGIES ON READING COMPREHENSION AT SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES, THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Thủy Diêm Thị Thu
Published: May 2019

Bài viết nghiên cứu về ảnh hưởng của lời dẫn tường minh cho các chiến lược đọc hiểu đến kỹ năng đọc hiểu  tại Khoa Ngoại ngữ, Đại học Thái Nguyên và thái độ của sinh viên đối với kỹ thuật này trong tiết học đọc. Để đạt đựơc mục tiêu nghiên cứu, tác giả đã sử dụng phương pháp phân tích định tính và định lượng, với các công cụ: bài kiểm tra trước và sau, và bảng câu hỏi khảo sát. Sau 10 tuần tiến hành thử nghiệm, kết quả của các bài kiểm tra đọc hiểu và bảng hỏi đã thể hiện rằng lời dẫn tường minh về các chiến lược đọc hiểu giúp sinh viên tăng cường kỹ năng đọc hiểu. Kết quả còn cho thấy lời dẫn tường minh đồng thời giúp sinh viên dường như tự tin hơn với việc học kỹ năng đọc.
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT STYLES AND TEACHER - STUDENT RELATIONSHIP CONGRUENCY: ITS INFLUENCE ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Giang Bùi Thị Kiều , Nga Trần Thị Thúy
Published: May 2019

Nghiên cứu này xem xét sự hài hoà cách quản lý lớp học của giảng viên và mối quan hệ giảng viên – sinh viên ảnh hưởng đến kết quả học tập của sinh viên. Cách quản lý lớp học được phân loại thành: cách quản lý độc đoán, chuyên quyền, dân chủ và trao quyền tự quyết. Phương pháp định lượng được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu nhằm xác định mô tả sơ lược đối tượng nghiên cứu, cách quản lý lớp học, mối quan hệ giảng viên – sinh viên và kết quả học tập của sinh viên. Đối tượng nghiên cứu là giảng viên và sinh viên tại Đại học Thái Nguyên trong năm học 2018-2019. Tổng số 1.703 sinh viên và 92 giảng viên được lựa chọn thông qua phương pháp chọn mẫu thuận tiện. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng giảng viên xác định giới hạn và kiểm soát đối với sinh viên nhưng đồng thời khuyến khích sự tự do của sinh viên. Nghiên cứu cũng chỉ ra rằng có sự liên hệ giữa mối quan hệ giảng viên – sinh viên với cách quản lý lớp học, điều này ảnh hưởng đến cách giảng viên tổ chức hoạt động giảng dạy trên lớp. Ngoài ra, sự hài hoà của mối quan hệ giảng viên – sinh viên hàm ý rằng mối quan hệ đó càng hài hoà bao nhiêu thì kết quả học tập của sinh viên càng tốt bấy nhiêu. Nói tóm lại sinh viên có thể học được nhiều hơn khi mối quan hệ giữa giảng viên và sinh viên có sự đồng thuận.
TEACHING INTERPRETATION 1 AT SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES: A BRIEF EVALUATION AND SOME ACTIVITY EXAMPLES
Authors: Trang Trần Thị Thu
Published: May 2019

Các khóa học phiên dịch đóng vai trò quan trọng trong nhiều chương trình đào tạo ở các trường đại học Việt Nam; tuy nhiên, có rất ít các tài liệu và nghiên cứu về lĩnh vực này. Tác giả đã thực hiện một nghiên cứu định tính nhằm tìm hiểu khóa học phiên dịch được thiết kế và giảng dạy tại Khoa Ngoại ngữ như thế nào. Tác giả so sánh và phân tích đề cương của khóa học với bài kiểm tra chuẩn quốc tế NAATI, sử dụng bảng câu hỏi và dự giờ giáo viên để thu thập dữ liệu. Các kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy sự không tương thích giữa tầm quan trọng của khóa học với các chuẩn của NAATI và phương pháp lên lớp của giảng viên. Các giảng viên chưa trang bị cho sinh viên các kỹ năng cần thiết của môn học. Tác giả đồng thời đề xuất một số hoạt động áp dụng trong lớp học khi giảng dạy môn học này.