bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Dynamic Monitoring of Post-Tensioning External Tendons: Temperature Effect Evaluation
Authors: Chillitupa-Palomino Luis , Renedo Carlos M. C. , García-Palacios Jaime H. , Díaz Iván M.
Published: January 2025

Cables and tendons are crucial elements in bridge engineering but also are vulnerable structural elements because they are usually subjected to fatigue and corrosion problems. Thus, vibration-based non-destructive techniques have been used for external post-tensioning tendon assessment. Regarding continuous monitoring systems, tendon assessment is carried out through the continuous tracking of its natural frequencies and the subsequent estimation of the tension force, as this parameter is essential for the bridge’s overall structural performance, thus providing useful information about bridge safety. However, for long-term monitoring assessment, two main challenges have to be addressed regarding practical applications: (i) double-peak spectra and other spurious factors that affect the frequency estimation, and (ii) temperature dependency, which needs to be carefully treated since frequency/tension variation may be explained by temperature variation, thus masking potential structural anomalies. On this subject, this paper presents the experimental long-term monitoring of several post-tensioning external tendons in a high-speed railway bridge in which a sectorized weighted peak-picking frequency identification procedure is proposed for frequency estimation, alongside a cascade clustering process, which allows meaningful frequency estimates to be selected. Finally, the selected frequency estimates, which show variations from 1 to 2% for all analyzed frequencies, are used for the long-term assessment of the tension force.
Study on the Effect of Sodium Silicate Solution Injection Timings on Electrochemical Reinforcement of Dredged Sludge
Authors: Lin Jiangdong , Ai Mi , Yuan Guohui , Wang Long , Gao Ziyang , Li Xiaobing , Fu Hongtao , Fan Yongfei
Published: January 2025

To address the issue of uneven shear strength distribution in dredged sediment during electroosmosis treatment, a grouting system was employed to inject CaCl2 into the anode region and Na2SiO3 solution into the central region. An experimental study was conducted to examine the effect of injection timing on the electrochemical treatment of dredged sediment. Five experimental groups, each with different Na2SiO3 injection timings, were established. The impact of injection timing on the macroscopic electrochemical reinforcement was assessed based on current, drainage volume, settlement, moisture content, and shear strength. Additionally, the ion concentration of effluent from the cathode was measured, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were employed to analyze ion migration and pore characteristics. The results indicated that when CaCl2 was injected into the anode at the start of the experiment and Na2SiO3 was injected into the central region after the current had decayed by 70% from its peak, the drainage volume reached its maximum. Under these conditions, the average shear strength increased from nearly 0 kPa to 48.2 kPa, yielding the optimal reinforcement effect. The strength in both the central and cathode regions also improved, and the strength distribution between the anode and cathode became more uniform, with the strength ratio decreasing from 1.91 to 1.65, thereby enhancing the overall soil strength distribution. The Na+ concentration in the cathode effluent was highest, suggesting that Na+ migration played a predominant role in electroosmotic drainage. Furthermore, the electrochemical reactions generated cementitious materials that effectively filled the soil pores. SEM imaging and MIP pore size analysis revealed a reduction in porosity and an increase in soil compaction.
Comprehensive Review of Binder Matrices in 3D Printing Construction: Rheological Perspectives
Authors: Tarhan Yeşim , Tarhan İsmail Hakkı , Şahin Remzi
Published: January 2025

Three-dimensional printing technology is transforming the construction industry, which is increasingly turning to advanced materials and techniques to meet environmental and economic challenges. This comprehensive literature review evaluated various binder materials, including cement, geopolymers, earthen materials, supplementary cementitious materials, polymers, and biopolymers, with a focus on their environmental impacts and rheological properties. The study revealed an increasing interest in cementitious binders, which deliver essential structural strength and exhibit a wide range of yield stress values (15 to 6500 Pa), influenced by binder type and supplementary materials such as nanoclay. However, the significant CO2 emissions associated with cement pose major sustainability challenges. As a sustainable alternative, geopolymers demonstrate lower yield stress values (800 to 3000 Pa) while ensuring adequate buildability for vertical printing and reducing environmental impact. These findings underscore the need to adopt sustainable binder matrices to align 3D printing construction practices with global sustainability goals.
Dynamic Monitoring of CFRP Strengthened Bridges: A Distributed Sensing Approach Under Bridge–Vehicle Coupling
Authors: Wu Bitao , Fu Sicheng , Gong Yan , Shao Yanchao , Zhou Zhenwei , Wang Haitao
Published: January 2025

To achieve a rapid assessment of reinforced bridges without interrupting traffic, the method and influence parameters for evaluating prestressed CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) plate-strengthened bridges were investigated based on distributed sensing while considering the bridge–vehicle coupling. Firstly, based on the principle of distributed monitoring, the strain influence line equation for prestressed CFRP plate-strengthened bridges under moving vehicle loads was derived. An evaluation index and method for assessing strengthening effectiveness based on distributed strain monitoring was proposed. Numerical simulation experiments were conducted for verification, in which a simulation method for solving the bridge–vehicle coupling vibration response based on the displacement contact method was studied. Relevant example verifications were carried out to prove the correctness of this method. On this basis, a dynamic performance analysis of the bridge before and after strengthening under bridge–vehicle coupling was performed. Finally, a study on influencing parameters was conducted to investigate the impact of different prestress levels of CFRP plates, different vehicle speeds, and different vehicle axle loads on the evaluation method. The results demonstrate that the bridge–vehicle coupling calculation model based on the displacement contact method can effectively simulate the dynamic response of the bridge after reinforcement. The evaluation method based on distributed sensing monitoring is unaffected by the speed and axle load of the vehicle, enabling the assessment of the condition and stress state of the strengthened bridge.
Carbon Neutrality Benefit by Developing Underground Space and Overlying Green Land: Calculation Methodology and Case Study
Authors: Zhang Haotian , Song Chunming , Geng Yichao , Luo Zongmu , Chen Zhilong
Published: January 2025

The advancement of ecological civilization has heightened the urgency for urban emission reductions. Currently, there is a significant gap in the quantitative assessment of the carbon neutrality benefit of developing underground space and overlaying urban green land. To address this, this study presents a carbon neutrality benefit assessment model based on building lifecycle theory. The model quantifies the carbon emissions of typical public buildings utilizing aboveground/underground space and assesses the carbon sink impacts of green lands. Notably, it introduces the innovative parameter of characteristic time to evaluate how the comprehensive development of underground space and aboveground urban green land contributes to achieving carbon neutrality. Case analysis of a typical shopping mall in northern China revealed that, in comparison to aboveground buildings, underground buildings exhibit higher energy consumption for construction and lighting; however, they demonstrate superior thermal performance, providing warmth in winter and coolness in summer. Furthermore, urban green spaces of equivalent building area can sequester a portion of the carbon emissions produced by underground buildings, resulting in a lower overall carbon emission profile for the underground space system throughout its lifecycle compared to that of the aboveground space system. Consequently, the development of underground spaces plays a crucial role in advancing carbon neutral objectives. The study also emphasizes the importance of selecting plant communities with enhanced carbon sequestration capacities and developing corresponding green spaces to better meet carbon neutrality objectives. This research offers a novel perspective for evaluating the carbon neutrality benefits of underground space systems, providing valuable design guidance for integrating urban underground and aboveground spaces.
The Impact of Campus Soundscape on Enhancing Student Emotional Well-Being: A Case Study of Fuzhou University
Authors: Liang Qing , Lin Shucan , Wang Linwei , Yang Fanghuan , Yang Yanqun
Published: January 2025

As the primary setting for students’ daily life and learning, university campuses are facing a growing concern about the impact of increased stress on students’ emotional well-being. The sound environment plays a critical role in affecting students’ mental health, learning efficiency, and overall well-being. However, research on the influence of campus soundscapes on students’ emotions is limited, and the mechanisms behind these effects remain to be explored. This study, using the Qishan Campus of Fuzhou University as a case, investigates the impact of campus soundscapes on students’ emotional perception and restorative effects. Four typical functional areas (academic zone (ACZ), residential zone (RDZ), recreational zone (RCZ), and administrative zone (ADZ)) were selected to analyze the effects of natural and artificial sounds on students’ emotions and physiological states. Based on EEG, eye tracking, sound level measurements, and questionnaire surveys, a one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess students’ emotional arousal, valence, and physiological restoration under different soundscape conditions. The results showed that natural sounds, such as the sound of wind-blown leaves and flowing water, significantly improved students’ emotions and restorative effects, while artificial noises like construction sounds and traffic noise had negative impacts. Additionally, subjective perceptions of soundscape restoration were positively correlated with arousal, valence, and acoustic comfort, and negatively correlated with gaze frequency and pupil size. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing campus soundscape design and highlight the importance of natural sounds in enhancing students’ mental health and academic environment.
Study on Rapid Repair Method of Earthquake Damaged Pier Column Based on Multi-Level Fortification
Authors: Xu Xiuli , Yan Lingxin , Wu Han , Chen Xu , Xu Shenpeng , Li Xuehong
Published: January 2025

As a critical component of lifeline engineering, bridges play a vital role in post-earthquake rescue and disaster relief efforts. The rapid repair of earthquake-damaged piers is essential to ensure the uninterrupted functionality of lifeline systems. This paper presents a novel method for the rapid repair of earthquake-damaged pier columns using steel sleeves, based on a multi-level fortification approach, integrating numerical simulation, structural design, and experimental research. In alignment with the multi-level fortification requirements, the structural form of the outer steel sleeves was designed, key influencing factors were analyzed, and a design scheme for the outer steel sleeve was proposed. Furthermore, a quasi-static test was conducted to evaluate the seismic performance of the pier columns before and after repair. The results indicate that the maximum horizontal load the pier can withstand after repair is approximately 40% higher than that before the damage. When the pier’s bearing capacity reaches its maximum value, the horizontal displacement increases from 29.15 mm to 95.65 mm, indicating a significant improvement in the seismic performance of the repaired pier. Failure initiates with the buckling of the brace, followed by the buckling of the steel sleeves, demonstrating a multi-stage failure mode. This mode satisfies the requirements of multi-level fortification, with enhanced ductility achieved while maintaining the pier column’s bearing capacity, thereby enhancing the protection of the foundation.
In Situ Testing Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of CFRP-Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Two-Way Slab with Initial Defect
Authors: Sheng Yepu , Gong Yu
Published: January 2025

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, renowned for their high strength-to-weight ratio, are increasingly utilized in the strengthening of structural components. The application of CFRP for strengthening concrete components notably improves the cracking moment and substantially elevates the ultimate load-bearing capacity. This study focuses on a reinforced concrete (RC) two-way slab with an initial defect, specifically an initial deflection. To avert deformations or damages that could break structural integrity during service, the slab was strengthened by adhering CFRP to its underside. An in situ multi-stage loading test was conducted to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of the CFRP-strengthened slab, and the findings revealed that the mid-span deflection of the two-way slab incrementally reached 1.64 mm after the loading stages, with no observable signs of concrete cracking, debonding, or tearing of the CFRP-strengthened slab. The failure modes indicated a transition from concrete compression damage to CFRP anchorage stress concentrations, highlighting the effective stress distribution and load-sharing synergy provided by CFRP-strengthening. Additionally, a numerical model based on the finite element (FE) method was developed using ABAQUS to simulate the component’s performance during the loading process. A comparison between the measured mid-span deflection of the strengthened slab and the numerically simulated values confirmed the high accuracy and rationality of the simulation method. Utilizing the validated numerical model, an analysis of the slab’s ultimate load capacity was conducted, demonstrating that the CFRP strengthening technique effectively increased the load-bearing capacity of the initially imperfect RC two-way slab by nearly 50%.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Positive-Pressure Condensation Heat and Mass Transfer Processes in Bent-Tube Heat Exchangers
Authors: Xing Jiaming , Cheng Qing
Published: January 2025

Condensation dehumidification is currently the mainstream means of dehumidification, and the idea is to precipitate moisture by cooling the air below the dew point temperature; however, this process requires the use of a chiller to provide a low-temperature cooling source, which triggers reheat losses. By positive-pressure condensation, the dew point temperature can be increased, thereby increasing the cooling source temperature. In this paper, the dehumidification process in the bent-tube heat exchanger is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The bent-tube heat exchanger efficiently removes moisture from the air and increases the dehumidification efficiency through positive-pressure condensation. Experiments on positive-pressure condensation and dehumidification were conducted at varying pressures, with the results demonstrating that the model’s accuracy is within ±17%. As the fluid flow rate and pipe diameter rise, so do the dehumidification capacity and heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, the findings show that the air humidity after dehumidification drops from 16.2 g/kg to 12.9 g/kg, meaning it is just over half of the value at atmospheric pressure, within the pressure that ranges from 100 kPa to 800 kPa. Increasing pressure enhances the heat transfer coefficient, while increasing humidity exacerbates this effect. With a 20% increase in wet air humidity, the heat transfer coefficient varies between 18% and 37%.
An Analysis of the Spatial Characteristics of Jin Ancestral Temple Based on Space Syntax
Authors: Hu Chuanjin , Qi Yuanbo , Wang Chongen
Published: January 2025

As a model of ancient Chinese architecture, Jin Ancestral Temple’s spatial layout and functional hierarchy reflect its profound cultural connotations and historical evolution. This paper systematically studies Jin Ancestral Temple from the perspectives of spatial relationships, visibility, and accessibility based on space syntax and visual graphics analysis methods. Through the construction and analysis of spatial relationship diagrams and topological diagrams, this study quantitatively identifies key differences in spatial depth and integration along the central axis of Jin Ancestral Temple. The sacrificial buildings, such as Uonuma Flying Beam and the Sacrificial Temple, exhibit high spatial depth and low integration, reflecting their secluded nature, which enhances the solemnity and focus of ritual activities. In contrast, landscape buildings like Jinren Terrace, with their low spatial depth and high integration, function as open spaces that facilitate movement and act as pivotal points in the visitor circulation network. Visual Graph Analysis (VGA) shows that the central axis area has the unique characteristics of a “visual center” and a “transportation hub”. The plaza on the north side of the reflecting pool forms the core area of visual connectivity, while Jinren Terrace becomes the transportation node with the highest accessibility. This design of “separation and connection” combines visual guidance with traffic flow, providing a layered spatial experience that stimulates visitors’ interest in exploration. Meanwhile, the historical development of Jin Ancestral Temple shows a clear trend of “growth”. From its early single function of worship, it gradually expanded into a complex architectural complex integrating worship, landscape, and belief, reflecting the changes in social, political, and cultural needs in different periods. The research results not only demonstrate the high degree of balance between the functionality and ornamental value of Jin Ancestral Temple’s buildings, but also reveal their unique value as cultural heritage in terms of spatial layout and aesthetic design. This paper provides a scientific basis for the protection and tourism development of Jin Ancestral Temple, and offers a new perspective on the combination of traditional architectural research and spatial analysis methods.
Navigating Complexity: Enhancing Infrastructure Megaproject Performance Through Effective Alliance Management Capability
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Fan Daoan , Liu Yan , Zhang Xinyue
Published: January 2025

While extensive research has delved into the impact of management strategies on project outcomes, the specific influence of alliance management on infrastructure megaprojects remains less explored. This study delves into the relationship between alliance management capability and performance in the context of infrastructure megaprojects. Central to our investigation is the hypothesis that collaborative conflict management mediates this relationship, with leader–member exchange playing a moderating role. Based on 205 surveys collected from 13 megaprojects in China, regression analysis and bootstrapping methods were used to test the research hypotheses. The findings reveal a positive correlation between alliance management capability and infrastructure megaproject performance, mediated by collaborative conflict management. Significantly, leader–member exchange acts as a moderator in the alliance management capability–collaborative conflict management nexus. These insights underscore the pivotal role of alliance management capability in elevating project performance, meriting increased attention in future empirical research. By shedding light on the mediating and moderating mechanisms at play, this paper unravels the complexities of how alliance management capability impacts project performance, offering practical guidance for industry practitioners.
The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Stage at Diagnosis of Melanoma Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Muddasani Ramya , Wu Helena T. , Win Shwe , Amini Arya , Modi Badri , Salgia Ravi , Trisal Vijay , Wang Edward W. , Villalona-Calero Miguel Angel , Chan Aaron , Xing Yan
Published: January 2025

Background: This study addresses the lack of research on Medicaid expansion’s impact on melanoma staging, treatment utilization, and outcomes by evaluating its effects under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), particularly focusing on staging at diagnosis, treatment use, and 3-year mortality outcomes. The objective is to determine whether Medicaid expansion led to earlier melanoma diagnosis and improved survival rates among non-elderly adults (ages 40–64) by analyzing data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods: A total of 12,667 patients, aged 40–64, diagnosed with melanoma from 2010 to 2020 were identified using the NCDB. Difference-in-difference (DID) analysis was performed to analyze tumor staging at presentation between Medicaid expansion states and non-Medicaid expansion states both prior to the expansion and after the expansion. Results: Of the total patients, 2307 were from the pre-expansion time period residing in Medicaid expansion states (MES) and 1804 in non-Medicaid expansion states. In the post-expansion time period there were 5571 residing in the MES and 2985 in the non-MES. DID analysis revealed a decrease in stage IV melanoma at diagnosis (DID −0.222, p < 0.001) between MES and non-MES before and after Medicaid expansion. After expansion, in stage IV, the occurrence of primary surgery was 0.42 in non-MES and 0.44 (difference 0.02); DID analysis was not statistically significant. The use of immunotherapy in MES was significantly higher than in non-MES after expansion (p < 0.001), although DID analysis did not reveal a statistically significant difference. DID analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in 3-year mortality (DID −0.05, p = 0.001) between MES and non-MES before and after Medicaid expansion. Conclusions: This study revealed the positive impact of the ACA’s Medicaid expansion on melanoma stage at presentation, highlighting the importance of public health policies in reducing disparities in mortality rates and early-stage diagnoses. Future research should explore additional barriers to care and evaluate the long-term outcomes of Medicaid expansion to optimize cancer care for vulnerable populations.
Preoperative Vascular and Cranial Nerve Imaging in Skull Base Tumors
Authors: Yamano Akinari , Matsuda Masahide , Ishikawa Eiichi
Published: January 2025

Skull base tumors such as meningiomas and schwannomas are often pathologically benign. However, surgery for these tumors poses significant challenges because of their proximity to critical structures such as the brainstem, cerebral arteries, veins, and cranial nerves. These structures are compressed or encased by the tumor as they grow, increasing the risk of unintended injury to these structures, which can potentially lead to severe neurological deficits. Preoperative imaging is crucial for assessing the tumor size, location, and its relationship with adjacent vital structures. This study reviews advanced imaging techniques that allow detailed visualization of vascular structures and cranial nerves. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography are optimal for evaluating vascular structures, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high-resolution T2-weighted images and diffusion tensor imaging are optimal for evaluating cranial nerves. These methods help surgeons plan tumor resection strategies, including surgical approaches, more precisely. An accurate preoperative assessment can contribute to safe tumor resection and preserve neurological function. Additionally, we report the MRI contrast defect sign in skull base meningiomas, which suggests cranial nerve penetration through the tumor. This is an essential finding for inferring the course of cranial nerves completely encased within the tumor. These preoperative imaging techniques have the potential to improve the outcomes of patients with skull base tumors. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of multimodal imaging approaches and discusses future directions for imaging technology that could further develop preoperative surgical simulations and improve the quality of complex skull base tumor surgeries.
Cutaneous Nevoid Melanoma: A Retrospective Study on Clinico-Pathological Characteristics, with a Focus on Dermoscopic Features and Survival Analysis
Authors: Russo Irene , Sartor Emma , Cappellesso Rocco , Salmaso Roberto , Del Fiore Paolo , Sartor Gino , Vecchiato Antonella , Alaibac Mauro , Mocellin Simone
Published: January 2025

Background: Diagnosis of nevoid melanoma (NeM) is often difficult because NeM closely resembles a common nevus clinically and histologically. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 110 patients diagnosed with and/or treated for primary nevoid melanoma at the Veneto Institute of Oncology and at the University Hospital of Padua from August 1999. Results: Mean Breslow thickness was of 1.4 mm. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was conducted in nearly half of the patients, and positivity was detected in 16.7% of them. Twenty-four clinical and 23 dermoscopic pictures were collected. Papular and macular lesions prevailed over nodular and plaque-type lesions. Different hues of brown, pink, and red color were most represented. Twenty nevus-like NeMs and four multicomponent-pattern NeMs were observed. The Most frequent dermoscopic patterns for nevus-like NeM were atypical pigmented reticulum, irregular globules and dots, and hyperpigmented blotches. Atypical vessels, asymmetric peripheric striae, blue-white veil, and areas of regression were less frequent and prevailed in multicomponent pattern NeM. A structureless pattern was also featured. Many patients in the series had multiple melanomas. However, none of them had numerous multiple nevoid melanomas. Conclusions: NeM should not be regarded as a separate biological entity from classical melanoma, and the same histological and clinical prognostic factors apply to NeM. Clinically and dermoscopically, it often resembles benign nevi, although some clues such as evolution and some dermoscopic patterns could suggest malignancy. Clinical suspicion might prove crucial to further pathological analysis and recognition.
Therapeutic Approaches for Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hoellwerth Magdalena , Brandlmaier Matthias , Koelblinger Peter
Published: January 2025

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) accounts for 80% of skin cancer cases. Although mostly curable by simple excision, the treatment of advanced disease can be challenging, as curative surgery or radiotherapy may not always be feasible. The scope of this review is to summarize current knowledge on molecular mechanisms in BCC pathogenesis, to elaborate on the definition of advanced/difficult-to-treat BCC, and to outline systemic treatment options. Particularly, pivotal trial data of the approved hedgehog inhibitors (HHI) sonidegib and vismodegib are compared. Concluding, we provide an overview of novel, particularly neoadjuvant and combined treatment approaches, both with hedgehog and immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
A Systematic Review of the Applications of Deep Learning for the Interpretation of Positron Emission Tomography Images of Patients with Lymphoma
Authors: Kanavos Theofilos , Birbas Effrosyni , Zanos Theodoros P.
Published: January 2025

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a valuable tool for the assessment of lymphoma, while artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise as a reliable resource for the analysis of medical images. In this context, we systematically reviewed the applications of deep learning (DL) for the interpretation of lymphoma PET images. Methods: We searched PubMed until 11 September 2024 for studies developing DL models for the evaluation of PET images of patients with lymphoma. The risk of bias and applicability concerns were assessed using the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST). The articles included were categorized and presented based on the task performed by the proposed models. Our study was registered with the international prospective register of systematic reviews, PROSPERO, as CRD42024600026. Results: From 71 papers initially retrieved, 21 studies with a total of 9402 participants were ultimately included in our review. The proposed models achieved a promising performance in diverse medical tasks, namely, the detection and histological classification of lesions, the differential diagnosis of lymphoma from other conditions, the quantification of metabolic tumor volume, and the prediction of treatment response and survival with areas under the curve, F1-scores, and R2 values of up to 0.963, 87.49%, and 0.94, respectively. Discussion: The primary limitations of several studies were the small number of participants and the absence of external validation. In conclusion, the interpretation of lymphoma PET images can reliably be aided by DL models, which are not designed to replace physicians but to assist them in managing large volumes of scans through rapid and accurate calculations, alleviate their workload, and provide them with decision support tools for precise care and improved outcomes.
Prognostic Significance of Interim PET/CT in the First-Line Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma Patients, a Single-Center Experience
Authors: Kiss Evelin , Simon Zsófia , Illés Árpád , Jóna Ádám
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a heterogeneous disease, and identifying high-risk patients early is crucial for optimal management. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of interim positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in newly diagnosed FL patients undergoing first-line treatment. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included 103 patients with newly diagnosed FL who underwent interim PET/CT. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The prognostic value of positive interim PET/CT, Deauville scores, and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were analyzed among other clinical features. Results: A total of 30 patients (29.1%) were deemed interim PET/CT-positive. The interim PET/CT-positive group demonstrated a significantly shorter median PFS compared to the interim PET/CT-negative group (17 months vs. not reached, respectively; p < 0.0001). Similarly, patients with Deauville scores of 1–3 had better PFS, with median survival not yet reached, while those with higher Deauville scores exhibited poorer progression-free survival and a median survival of 18 months. Notably, patients with an interim PET/CT SUVmax exceeding 3.365 experienced significantly shorter median survival compared to those with lower values. Discussion: Our findings support the use of interim PET/CT as a prognostic tool in FL. These results are consistent with other studies, although some debate exists regarding the optimal PET/CT metric. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore personalized treatment strategies based on interim PET/CT results.
Research Progress on Glioma Microenvironment and Invasiveness Utilizing Advanced Multi-Parametric Quantitative MRI
Authors: Song Dandan , Fan Guoguang , Chang Miao
Published: January 2025

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) currently serves as the primary diagnostic method for glioma detection and monitoring. The integration of neurosurgery, radiation therapy, pathology, and radiology in a multi-disciplinary approach has significantly advanced its diagnosis and treatment. However, the prognosis remains unfavorable due to treatment resistance, inconsistent response rates, and high recurrence rates after surgery. These factors are closely associated with the complex molecular characteristics of the tumors, the internal heterogeneity, and the relevant external microenvironment. The complete removal of gliomas presents challenges due to their infiltrative growth pattern along the white matter fibers and perivascular space. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively understand the molecular features of gliomas and analyze the internal tumor heterogeneity in order to accurately characterize and quantify the tumor invasion range. The multi-parameter quantitative MRI technique provides an opportunity to investigate the microenvironment and aggressiveness of glioma tumors at the cellular, blood perfusion, and cerebrovascular response levels. Therefore, this review examines the current applications of advanced multi-parameter quantitative MRI in glioma research and explores the prospects for future development.
Evolution of Nutritional Status in Patients Undergoing Autologous and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation or CAR-T Therapy: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Regazzoni Roberto , Ferrante Sergio , Morenghi Emanuela , Lopane Diego , Pastore Manuela , Cattani Daniela , Cosmai Simone , Colotta Francesco , Azzolini Elena , Sguanci Marco , Cangelosi Giovanni , Cozzaglio Luca , Mazzoleni Beatrice , Mancin Stefano
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative treatment for various hematological diseases but can lead to complications which increase malnutrition risk, particularly in allogeneic transplantation patients. This study evaluates the nutritional status evolution of patients undergoing HCT during hospitalization and follow-up. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 365 patients, divided into two groups: 134 underwent allogeneic HCT, while 231 underwent autologous transplantation or CAR-T therapy. Nutritional status was evaluated using Body Mass Index (BMI), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria at four-time points: hospital admission, discharge, two-week follow-up, and one-month follow-up. Non-relapse-related complications were assessed based on hospital readmissions and reports during follow-up visits. Results: Patients experienced significant nutritional deterioration, with decreases in Body Mass Index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and increases in Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) (p < 0.001) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) scores (p < 0.001), particularly among allogeneic transplant recipients (p = 0.025). Severe malnutrition or high malnutrition risk at discharge correlated with increased hospital readmissions during the follow-up (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The observed decline in nutritional status and its associated complications highlight the necessity of multidisciplinary interventions, such as nutritional prehabilitation programs and nutritional support protocols, to enhance clinical outcomes and reduce complications in HCT patients.
The Complexity and Significance of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Signaling for FGF-Targeted Cancer Therapies
Authors: Nguyen Anh L. , Facey Caroline O. B. , Boman Bruce M.
Published: January 2025

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have diverse functions in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in development, tissue maintenance, wound repair, and angiogenesis. The goal of this review paper is to (i) deliberate on the role of FGFs and FGF receptors (FGFRs) in different cancers, (ii) present advances in FGF-targeted cancer therapies, and (iii) explore cell signaling mechanisms that explain how FGF expression becomes dysregulated during cancer development. FGF is often mutated and overexpressed in cancer and the different FGF and FGFR isoforms have unique expression patterns and distinct roles in different cancers. Among the FGF members, the FGF 15/19 subfamily is particularly interesting because of its unique protein structure and role in endocrine function. The abnormal expression of FGFs in different cancer types (breast, colorectal, hepatobiliary, bronchogenic, and others) is examined and correlated with patient prognosis. The classification of FGF ligands based on their mode of action, whether autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, or intracrine, is illustrated, and an analysis of the binding specificity of FGFs to FGFRs is also provided. Moreover, the latest advances in cancer therapeutic strategies involving small molecules, ligand traps, and monoclonal antibody-based FGF inhibitors are presented. Lastly, we discuss how the dysregulation of FGF and FGFR expression affects FGF signaling and its role in cancer development.
Updates on Imaging of Common Urogenital Neoplasms
Authors: Tsili Athina C.
Published: January 2025

Urogenital neoplasms represent some of the most common malignancies [...]
Single-Cell and Bulk Transcriptomics Reveal the Immunosenescence Signature for Prognosis and Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yakun , Zhou Jiajun , Jin Yitong , Liu Chenyu , Zhou Hanxiao , Sun Yue , Jiang Han , Gan Jing , Zhang Caiyu , Lu Qianyi , Chang Yetong , Zhang Yunpeng , Li Xia , Ning Shangwei
Published: January 2025

Background: Immunosenescence is the aging of the immune system, which is closely related to the development and prognosis of lung cancer. Targeting immunosenescence is considered a promising therapeutic approach. Methods: We defined an immunosenescence gene set (ISGS) and examined it across 33 TCGA tumor types and 29 GTEx normal tissues. We explored the 46,993 single cells of two lung cancer datasets. The immunosenescence risk model (ISRM) was constructed in TCGA LUAD by network analysis, immune infiltration analysis, and lasso regression and validated by survival analysis, cox regression, and nomogram in four lung cancer cohorts. The predictive ability of ISRM for drug response and immunotherapy was detected by the oncopredict algorithm and XGBoost model. Results: We found that senescent lung tissues were significantly enriched in ISGS and revealed the heterogeneity of immunosenescence in pan-cancer. Single-cell and bulk transcriptomics characterized the distinct immune microenvironment between old and young lung cancer. The ISGS network revealed the crucial function modules and transcription factors. Multiplatform analysis revealed specific associations between immunosenescence and the tumor progression of lung cancer. The ISRM consisted of five risk genes (CD40LG, IL7, CX3CR1, TLR3, and TLR2), which improved the prognostic stratification of lung cancer across multiple datasets. The ISRM showed robustness in immunotherapy and anti-tumor therapy. We found that lung cancer patients with a high-risk score showed worse survival and lower expression of immune checkpoints, which were resistant to immunotherapy. Conclusions: Our study performed a comprehensive framework for assessing immunosenescence levels and provided insights into the role of immunosenescence in cancer prognosis and biomarker discovery.
RadiOnCOVID: Multicentric Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 on Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy in Italy
Authors: Guerini Andrea Emanuele , Marvaso Giulia , Tonoli Sandro , Corrao Giulia , Teriaca Maria Ausilia , Sepulcri Matteo , Scricciolo Melissa , Gava Alessandro , Montrone Sabrina , Giaj-Levra Niccolò , Chiorda Barbara Noris , Mantello Giovanna , Fiorica Francesco , Borghesi Simona , Belgioia Liliana , Caroli Angela , Fiorentino Alba ,   Radioncovid Study Group, Jereczek-Fossa Barbara Alicja , Magrini Stefano Maria , Buglione Michela
Published: January 2025

Methods and materials: Patients with ongoing or planned anticancer treatment at 19 Italian Radiation Oncology centers were included in the study retrospectively from 3 February 2020 to 31 December 2020 and prospectively from 1 January 2021 to 31 May 2021. Anonymized data were processed through a specific website and database. Antineoplastic treatment characteristics and timing and outcomes of COVID-19 and its impact on radiotherapy or systemic therapy were described. Results: The retrieved cohort included 41,039 patients that received treatment or were planned for therapy in the study period. Overall, 123 patients had a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis during antineoplastic treatment (group A) and 99 patients before treatment start (group B). The incidence of COVID-19 across the whole cohort in the index period was 0.54% (groups A + B) and 0.30% considering only group A. A total of 60 patients developed severe COVID-19, and a total of 45 patients died as a consequence of the infection (incidence of 0.15% and 0.11%, respectively). Nonetheless, mortality among COVID-19 patients was high, with an attributable death rate after confirmed infection of 20.27%. Among the 123 patients in group A, 37.4% required temporary treatment suspension, 32.5% definitive suspension and 37 patients continued treatment while positive. As for the 99 patients in group B, 53.5% experienced temporary delay, 20.2% experienced definitive treatment suspension and 26.3% had no delay. Conclusions: Most of the patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis in our cohort recovered and completed their treatment; nonetheless, the attributable death rate after confirmed infection was 20.27%, and mortality was high among cancer patients with severe COVID-19 presentation. The global incidence of death due to COVID-19 or severe COVID-19 was low and decreased over time. Radiation oncology activity could be safely continued during the COVID-19 pandemic with the adoption of adequate preventive measures.
Self-Expandable Metal Stents for Obstructing Colon Cancer and Extracolonic Cancer: A Review of Latest Evidence
Authors: Cardoso Pedro Marílio , Rodrigues-Pinto Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, with many patients presenting with malignant colorectal obstruction (MCO). Self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) have emerged as a minimally invasive key intervention, both as a bridge to surgery (BTS) in curative setting sand for palliation in advanced disease. This review aims to provide an evidence-based analysis of SEMS indications, contraindications, and efficacy across curative and palliative contexts, with focus on long-term outcomes. Based on data from recent trials and guidelines, we examine SEMS placement outcomes, focusing on specific scenarios, including BTS for left-sided MCO, chemotherapy (with angiogenic agents) safety during stent therapy, the optimal timing between SEMS placement and surgery, and oncological outcomes. We also discuss the use of SEMSs in challenging contexts such as proximal colon obstruction and extracolonic obstruction, and the relevant technical considerations. Findings indicate that using a SEMS in the BTS setting reduces emergency surgery needs, minimizes complications, and decreases stoma formation. Long-term oncologic outcomes, particularly recurrence, are still debated, but recent evidence shows that SEMS placement is safe, without worsening long term outcomes. Palliative SEMS placement shows high efficacy in symptom relief with manageable adverse events. Success depends on patient selection and technical expertise, with multidisciplinary approaches essential for optimal outcomes.
Global Literature Analysis of Tumor Organoid and Tumor-on-Chip Research
Authors: Shoji Jun-ya , Davis Richard P. , Mummery Christine L. , Krauss Stefan
Published: January 2025

Background: Tumor organoid and tumor-on-chip (ToC) platforms replicate aspects of the anatomical and physiological states of tumors. They, therefore, serve as models for investigating tumor microenvironments, metastasis, and immune interactions, especially for precision drug testing. To map the changing research diversity and focus in this field, we performed a quality-controlled text analysis of categorized academic publications and clinical studies. Methods: Previously, we collected metadata of academic publications on organoids or organ-on-chip platforms from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and bioRxiv, published between January 2011 and June 2023. Here, we selected documents from this metadata corpus that were computationally determined as relevant to tumor research and analyzed them using an in-house text analysis algorithm. Additionally, we collected and analyzed metadata from ClinicalTrials.gov of clinical studies related to tumor organoids or ToC as of March 2023. Results and Discussion: From 3551 academic publications and 139 clinical trials, we identified 55 and 24 tumor classes modeled as tumor organoids and ToC models, respectively. The research was particularly active in neural and hepatic/pancreatic tumor organoids, as well as gastrointestinal, neural, and reproductive ToC models. Comparative analysis with cancer statistics showed that lung, lymphatic, and cervical tumors were under-represented in tumor organoid research. Our findings also illustrate varied research topics, including tumor physiology, therapeutic approaches, immune cell involvement, and analytical techniques. Mapping the research geographically highlighted the focus on colorectal cancer research in the Netherlands, though overall the specific research focus of countries did not reflect regional cancer prevalence. These insights not only map the current research landscape but also indicate potential new directions in tumor model research.
Sexual-Sparing Radical Cystectomy in the Robot-Assisted Era: A Review on Functional and Oncological Outcomes
Authors: Introini Carlo , Sequi Manfredi Bruno , Ennas Marco , Benelli Andrea , Guano Giovanni , Pastore Antonio Luigi , Carbone Antonio
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, but it often results in significant functional impairments, including sexual and urinary dysfunction, adversely affecting quality of life (QoL). Sexual-sparing robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) has been introduced to mitigate these effects. This review evaluates the oncological and functional outcomes of sexual-sparing RARC in male and female patients. Methods: A systematic literature search identified 15 studies including 793 patients who underwent sexual-sparing RARC using techniques such as nerve-sparing, capsule-sparing, and pelvic organ-preserving approaches. Data on oncological and functional outcomes were analyzed. Results: Sexual-sparing RARC achieves oncological outcomes comparable to open RC, with negative surgical margin (NSM) rates exceeding 95% in most studies. RFS and CSS rates were robust, often surpassing 85% at intermediate follow-ups. Functional outcomes were also favorable, with continence rates exceeding 90% and erectile function recovery surpassing 70% in well-selected male patients. Female patients undergoing pelvic organ-preserving techniques demonstrated improved continence, preserved sexual function, and enhanced QoL. Patient selection emerged as critical, favoring those with organ-confined disease and good baseline function. Conclusions: Sexual-sparing RARC offers a promising balance between oncological control and functional preservation, making it an effective option for selected patients. Further research is needed to refine techniques and establish standardized protocols for broader adoption.