bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unavailability Assessment Based on Improved-Dependent Uncertain Ordered Weighted Averaging Operator and Fault Tree Analysis
Authors: Daas Samia , Innal Fares
Published: June 2023

The fire-fighting system is one of the proactive technical barriers related to liquefied petroleum gas storage tank safety. This paper presents an integrated approach that uses fuzzy set theory, an improved-dependent uncertain ordered weighted averaging operator and fault tree analysis to handle uncertainty in the unavailability assessment of fire-fighting systems. In this study, the center of area is used to defuzzify triangular fuzzy numbers. Furthermore, for the fire-fighting system fault tree, importance analysis, including Fussell–Vesely importance measure and risk reduction worth of basic events, are performed to identify the weak links of the fire-fighting system. In addition, a real case study on a fire-fighting system for a liquefied petroleum gas storage system in an LPG unit in Algeria is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The research results show that the proposed methodology makes it possible to assess the unavailability of the entire system by analyzing weak links. Consequently, some suggestions are given to take preventive–corrective actions in advance, in order to reduce the failure probability of fire-fighting system and assist the practitioners in setting priorities for improving safety procedures in liquefied petroleum gas storage tanks. The study provides references for analyzing safety barriers in a complex system.
Stress–Strength Reliability of a Failure Profile with Components Operating under the Internal Environmental Factors
Authors: Pakdaman Zohreh , Shekari Marzieh , Zamani Hossein
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study the stress–strength reliability of a failure profile in which, the components of the system are affected by the internal environmental factors. The internal environmental factors commonly change the random strength of a failure profile and have different effects on the random strength of profile components. Throughout this study, we investigated the effect of internal environmental factors under the various scenarios and computed the stress–strength reliability of a failure profile of order [Formula: see text]. Particularly, the stress–strength reliability of a [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text] system has been evaluated based on several stochastic orders. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of the stress–strength reliability and the mean cost rate of failure profiles have been performed in the exponential model.
PLASTICITY INDEX A MEASURE OF DRY SLIDING WEAR FOR Ni-BASED COATING
Authors: RUKHANDE SANJAY W. , BHOSALE DIGVIJAY G. , RATHOD WALMIK S. , VASUDEV HITESH
Published: June 2023

Ni-based coatings are extensively used in industry for the surface properties enhancement and improving the system performance under different operating conditions. The resistance to wear and corrosion of the components is found to be improved when the substrate is coated with the coating powder. However, determining the wear rate and wear mechanism is very important and time-consuming process. The coating and counter material properties play important role in the wear rate and wear mechanism. The plasticity index in the dry sliding condition may be used as wear measuring indicator which is governed by the hardness of the coating, asperity radius and the reduced elasticity modulus. In this paper, the plasticity index for different combinations of tribopair (Coating and counter materials) is compared with the dry sliding wear rate obtained for respective pairs. The outcomes show that the specific wear rate obtained for the dry sliding wear can be directly related to the plasticity index.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF ISOLATED MEDIAL FEMORAL CONDYLE FRACTURES MANAGED WITH PLATE OSTEOSYNTHESIS - A CASE SERIES
Authors: Choudhary Pradeep , Saxena Medhavi , Jain Hemant , Bharwani Nandlal , Bhati Mahesh
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Isolated medial condyle fractures of femur with metaphyseal extension are a rare type of injury around knee joint. Most common mode of injury is high-energy trauma (road traffic accident, fall from height, sports injury) and is commonly seen in younger age group. Is open reduction and internal fixation with locking plates is the treatment of choice for sagittal plane medial femur condyle fractures with metaphseal extension?

Methods: We conducted a prospective study from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2021 including 12 patients (seven males and five females) with isolated medial femur condyle fractures (AO 33B2.1). In our study, open reduction and internal fixation was performed with medial femur plates or T-buttress plates in all 12 cases. At final follow-up, functional outcome was evaluated using ‘functional criteria’, ‘IKS knee and function score’ and radiological assessment.

Results: At final follow-up, out of 12 patients, 11 had excellent to good outcome according to ‘Kolmert Functional score’ and ‘IKS knee and function score’ were 83.33 and 78.33. At final follow-up, one out of twelve patients had extensor lag of 10 and flexion around 90.

Conclusion: Isolated fractures of medial condyle with metaphyseal extension have good outcome in terms of function if proper anatomical reduction is achieved and supplemented with locking plates.
On Nonlinear Vibration of Piezo-Electrically Multiscale Hybrid Nanocomposite Sandwich Plate Including an Auxetic Core Based on HSDT
Authors: Mahinzare Mohammad , Rastgoo Abbas , Ebrahimi Farzad
Published: June 2023

This paper describes the nonlinear vibration of a novel smart plate with an auxetic metamaterial core and piezoelectrically actuated multiscale hybrid nanocomposite porous layers (GPL/CF/PVDF) using Reddy’s higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). Using the rule of mixture (ROM) and Halpin–Tsai model (HT), the current properties of electroelastic layers were determined. Smart plate equations are detected using Hamilton’s principle, Maxwell’s law, and von Karman nonlinearity terms. The generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is then employed to discretize the governing equations of a sandwich plate for various boundary conditions. In addition, the smart plate’s nonlinear frequency ratio and nonlinear natural frequency are detected using the angle of auxetic cell, the electric voltage, and the graphene nanoplatelet weight fraction. In addition, the influence of the porosity constant, the thickness of the auxetic core, and the thickness of the smart graphene-reinforced hybrid nanocomposite layer on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were computed and presented in each figure.
Model Updating Method for Jacket Platform Considering Different Component Degradation Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Yang , Su Xin , Zhang Qi , Huang Yi , Jia Ziguang
Published: June 2023

Marine platforms are located in complex environments, and safety deteriorates throughout the day. It is necessary to analyze the jacket platform structure by the finite element method. Problems such as platform structure variation and fatigue corrosion lead to model deviation. In this paper, a finite element model correction method based on deep learning is proposed with a jacket platform as the engineering background. First, different platform design parameters are selected, and the corresponding fundamental frequencies are obtained by finite element simulation. Second, the input features are extended as necessary to increase the damage-sensitive information, with the nonlinear differences between the two reduced by an improved ResNet50 network. Finally, the correction values of the finite element model are obtained by combining the measured data with the inherent structural frequencies obtained by covariance-driven stochastic subspace identification (Cov-SSI). The results show that the error after correction is less than 4%, which can reflect the real marine platform state well.
ANALYSIS OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL NON-NEWTONIAN MODELS FOR SIMULATION OF BLOOD FLOW IN ARTERIES
Authors: KRIVOVICHEV GERASIM V.
Published: June 2023

The paper is devoted to the theoretical analysis of one-dimensional (1D) models of blood flow. The non-Newtonian nature of blood is taken into account. The generalized Newtonian models, in which the dynamic viscosity is dependent only on the shear rate, are considered. The models are constructed by averaging the simplified Navier–Stokes system in cylindrical coordinates.

The 1D models, corresponding to Newtonian, Power Law, Carreau, Carreau–Yasuda, Cross, Simplified Cross, Yeleswarapu, Modified Yeleswarapu, and Quemada models, are compared in this paper. The comparison is performed in order to estimate the influence of non-Newtonian frictional terms, velocity profiles and hematocrit values on the deviations of the solutions from the solution for the Newtonian case. For this purpose, two problems that can be solved analytically are considered: problems for the infinite interval and finite interval with periodic conditions. For the quantitative comparison of solutions, the non-Newtonian factor, which characterizes the relative deviations of solutions from the solution for the Newtonian model, is introduced. The analytical solutions of nonlinear problems are obtained by the perturbation method. As it is demonstrated for both solved problems, the relative deviations increase with the flattening of the velocity profile. For the models that depended on hematocrit, the non-Newtonian factor values increased with the increase in hematocrit value.

The solutions obtained in the paper can be used as a tool for the comparison of different 1D models of blood flow and for the testing of programs that implement numerical algorithms.
Gröbner Basis Approach for Solving Fuzzy Complex System of Linear Equations
Authors: Nejad Maryam Farahmand , Farahani Hamed , Nuraei Rahele , Gilani Alireza
Published: June 2023

The foundation of Gröbner’s work is a potent approach for separating polynomial systems of equations. In this study, we solve complex fuzzy systems of linear equations utilizing Gröbner’s basic technique. First, a system of explicit polynomial equations is generated by applying fuzzy computations and fuzzy complex computations to the fundamental system. Taking into account the lexicographical order, Gröbner’s basis is then determined for the ideal given by a definite equivalent polynomial system. The Gröbnerbase that was obtained has a high triangular structure. Thus, the system solution may be readily implemented by proceeding. Hence, all of the system’s answers are readily attainable. Next, a criterion is established to identify whether or not a solution exists for the primary system. The advantage of the proposed approach is that it acquires all of the problem’s solutions simultaneously. Using this technique, a mathematical example and an application issue based on an electrical circuit are resolved. Comparing the generated findings to the known outcomes reveals a high level of congruence.
Fractional order reaction diffusion of calcium regulating NFAT production in T Lymphocyte
Authors: Bhardwaj Hemant , Adlakha Neeru
Published: June 2023

[Formula: see text] signals have a crucial role in the immune system for cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and gene transcription as well as the activation of Nuclear factor of activated T Cell (NFAT) which modulates the immune response of the cells. In this study, a fractional order spatiotemporal calcium dynamics model is formulated using the reaction-diffusion equation incorporating parameters like buffers, source influx, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Grünwald estimation is employed to obtain the solution and stability analysis has been performed. The analysis of numerical results provides novel insights about the role of Brownian motion, super diffusion, source influx, buffers, etc., in the regulation of calcium and NFAT concentration levels in T cell and the conditions which might lead to disordered immune responses causing diseases such as HINI, HIV and HBV.
Simulation of the drift and diffusion of marine oil spill under the effect of wind, current and tides
Authors: Jiang Xiaobin , Teng Shiyang , Gan Jian , Jin Chunyan
Published: June 2023

Oil spill accidents occur in marine traffic accidents. Once the accidents happen, oil spill will drift and diffuse on the ocean as impacted by wind and tidal current, which has considerably impacted the work on wharfs and their surrounding environment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of wind, ocean current and tides on oil spill movement for the building of the drift and weathering models of oil particles to predict and assess the risks of oil spill on the ocean. In these models, the oil film drift algorithm considers the joint action of wind, ocean current, wave and density flow on oil spill. In this study, the fluid dynamic model was adopted to determine the drift motion generated by the tidal field, and the diffusion process was calculated with the random walk method. In addition, the random movement model of oil particles was employed for simulating the transport and weathering of the oil spill, as an attempt to simulate marine oil spill. Furthermore, the Ningbo port was taken as an example to obtain the numerical sum of the flow field obtained by the simulation, which can guide the prediction of oil spill risks near ports.
Optimal analysis of optical parameters of road tunnel opening scrimshaw
Authors: Ma Fei , Rao Yan , Zeng Rong , Liu Chuanli
Published: June 2023

With the development of technology, more and more cities and highways are installing light reducing structures at the tunnel openings to improve traffic safety and reduce the “black hole effect” and low-angle sunlight glare effect. However, the existing scrims have poor road surface uniformity, bright and dark streaks and uneven road surface brightness, which can bring negative impact on driving. In order to balance the safety and comfort of tunnel light sheds, a new technique is proposed to reduce the negative effects of light sheds based on the multi-source effect of light diffusion panels. The results show that by arranging light diffusion panels on the top of the scrim, the daylight is fully diffused and then irradiated to the road surface under the scrim, avoiding the undesirable phenomenon caused by direct sunlight on the road surface. After the indoor test and numerical model analysis, the effectiveness of the technology is proved to be in compliance with the design specification, and the undesirable phenomena such as bright and dark streaks are avoided, thus ensuring the safety and comfort of traffic at the tunnel entrance. In addition, the average brightness of the road surface of the top arrangement of light diffusion panels is better than that of the two sides, and the light intensity distribution curve of No. 2 panel among the four light diffusion panels used in this paper is the best. The technology can also control the brightness level of the road surface under the shed through the area of light diffusion panels, thus reducing the carbon emission of the tunnel lighting system and achieving the unity of safety, comfort and low carbon environment protection.
Taming of Organic Pollutants Using Covalent-Organic-Framework-Based Materials: Challenges and Future Prospects
Authors: Kaur Jasvinder , Sharma Vivek , Gupta Ram K.
Published: June 2023

Being available in water and air, organic contaminants have easy access to animal bodies to accumulate in the biological food chain, resisting chemical, biological, and photolytic degradation. Besides, they have the ability to travel great distances to end up being dispersed across a broad area, even in places where they have never been used. Furthermore, they pose a significant risk to both human society and the environment, which forces the international scientific community to plan and act to eradicate organic pollutants from the environment and establish a mechanism to stop their discharge. In this context, covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-based materials are found to be promising to control air and water pollutants because of their unique porous, and polymeric crystal structure. This study highlights the history, design, and applications of COFs for reducing organic pollution, as well as the obstacles and opportunities facing their widespread usage in environmental remediation today.
A Disturbance Observer-based Novel Fuzzy SMC Control Scheme for Path Tracking of AUV with Mismatched Disturbances
Authors: Li XiaoGang , Wang Maoyu , Ke Yuan , Liu Yang , He Jiang , Liu Yinghui
Published: June 2023

A new sliding mode control scheme is proposed for the path tracking problem of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with uncertainty and mismatch interference. Considering the complexity of parameter rectification, a fuzzy logic controller-based system rectification scheme is designed in this paper. In the control system, a disturbance observer (DOB) and a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) are used to estimate the mismatch disturbance and uncertainty, respectively. In addition, this paper analyzes the conditions for the Liapunov stability of the designed controller and the results show the closed-loop stability of the control system. The control scheme can be applied to the path tracking of underwater robots with rapidly changing trajectories in different driving environments. Finally, a number of comparative experiments are carried out to demonstrate the good performance of the proposed controller.
Willingness to Pay for Urban Inland River Restoration: Case of Nanyang, China
Authors: Dong Yinan , Lazareva Elena Iosifovna
Published: June 2023

Ecologically rational restoration of urban inland rivers is crucial for sustainable development of modern cities. The research purpose is to assess and compare the value of urban inland rivers by identifying the willingness of Nanyang residents to pay for each of two types of rivers restoration — ecological (improving the ecological quality of rivers) and recreational (ensuring rivers to meet cleanliness requirements for residents’ recreational areas) as well as to identify the factors that determine the difference in the obtained estimates. The novelty of the study consists in the willingness to pay (WTP) for ecological and recreational restoration of urban inland rivers identification and comparison by using the two dichotomous choice questionnaires and in the determination of factors explaining the difference in ecological and recreational value estimates. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Nanyang City, and data was collected from a sample of 326 respondents. The results of the questionnaire survey revealed quite significant difference between the willingness of urban residents to pay for ecological and recreational restoration of the river — CNY109.56 (USD16.8) and CNY255.12 (USD39.84) per person annually, respectively. Factors influencing differences in WTP for ecological and recreational restoration of urban inland rivers — income level, gender, education level, environmental awareness, need for recreation, and distance to urban inland rivers — were identified. The study’s results indicate that urban inland rivers hold a significant economic value and highlight the importance of implementing measures for targeted ecological and recreational restoration as part of the overall urban river restoration system.
The Effect of Economic Shocks on Religious Freedom Violations: Evidence from Eritrea, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Sudan
Authors: Miner Rachel
Published: June 2023

In this paper, I estimate the causal effect of economic shocks on religious freedom violations in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Sudan, using a difference-in-differences empirical strategy. Controlling for country and year effects, the timing of local conflicts and genocide, and other economic, health, and population factors; a one standard deviation increase in GDP per capita annual change caused a 0.16–0.20 standard deviation decrease in freedom of religion or belief violations in these countries between the years 1999–2020.
Study on the Fingerprint Spectrum and the Spectrum-Effect Relationship of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Aqueous Extract from Dalbergia hancai Benth
Authors: Qiu Qin , Liu Xiaofang , Huang Chunying , Guo Yanling , Zhen Dandan , Shi Junhao , Gu Baojun , Zhen Hanshen , Zhang Miao
Published: June 2023

Dalbergia hancai Benth. (D. hancai) is one of the most frequently utilized traditional Chinese medicine in Zhuang medicine. Simultaneously, it has been included in the “Quality Standard of Zhuang medicine in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Vol. 2)” and possessed outstanding pharmacological effects. However, the pharmacodynamic material basis of D. hancai still remains unclear. In this study, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method had been employed to establish the fingerprint of 10 batches of aqueous extract of D. hancai originated from different parts of China. At the same time, similarity evaluation, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) had also been conducted to evaluate the common peaks. The acetic acid-induced writhing in mice had been employed as an analgesic model, and the carrageenan-induced toe swelling in mice was utilized as an anti-inflammatory model for pharmacodynamic experiments. The gray relational analysis (GRA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were applied to correlate the fingerprint and pharmacodynamic data to thoroughly examine its spectrum-effect relationship, whereby its analgesic and anti-inflammatory material basis had been comprehensively explored. The results revealed that the HPLC fingerprint of the aqueous extract of D. hancai had successfully identified 12 common peaks whereby two of which were further identified as protocatechuic acid and vitexin. Subsequently, through the analysis of GRA and PLSR, the chromatographic peaks that possess a critical correlation degree with the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of D. hancai had also been successfully discovered. Ultimately, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the 10 batches of D. hancai aqueous extract had been conclusively proved, and it was evidently indicated that these effects were attributable to the synergistic interactions between various components. Therefore, this study aims to serve as an effective analytical method for screening and predicting the effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of the spectrum-effect relationship.
Structural, Optical, and Bioactivity Properties of Silver-Doped Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Plectranthus barbatus Leaf Extract
Authors: Alnehia Adnan , Al-Sharabi Annas , Al-Hammadi A. H. , Al-Odayni Abdel-Basit , Saeed Waseem Sharaf , Alrahlah Ali
Published: June 2023

Aqueous leaf extract of Plectranthus barbatus was used, for the first time, for preparation of (2, 6 mol%) silver (Ag)-doped zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs), acting as a stabilizing and capping agent for NPs’ production. The obtained metal oxides were characterized by FTIR, UV-visible, XRD, and SEM methods. The results revealed that 0.02 and 0.06% Ag-doped ZnS had optical bandgaps of 3.20 and 3.03 eV. The XRD evinced the crystalline nature, while the FTIR confirmed the doped structure of the prepared oxides. The bioactivity investigations revealed that the biosynthesized Ag-doped ZnS NPs are more active against S. aureus than E. coli. Furthermore, the hemolytic tests indicated no potential harm to red blood cells if utilized at a low dose. Such enhanced optical and biological properties of Ag-doped ZnS may promote its prospective use in electronics and as an antibacterial agent.
Examining the Fluctuation of Soil Organic Carbon Levels: An Analysis of the Shuklaphanta National Park in Nepal
Authors: Joshi Rajeev , Bhatta Mamta
Published: June 2023

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial carbon reservoir that needs to be monitored for deforestation and forest degradation. The top one-meter layer of soil contains around 1500–1600 Pg of carbon. Assessing the SOC pool is essential for understanding the soil system’s carbon sequestration potential (CSP) as a mitigation strategy and determining whether it acts as a source or sink for atmospheric CO2, depending on the level of saturation. However, there are limited studies on SOC in Nepal’s forests. This research aims to assess SOC variation in the Shuklaphanta National Park in Nepal. It focuses on determining SOC according to depth and analyzing the variation of SOC among the core area of the national park, grasslands, and buffer zone community forests (CFs) and identifying the factors that contribute to the variation in soil carbon across different land uses. The study was conducted using a systematic sampling method with a sampling intensity of 6.59% on 180 soil samples taken from permanent plots set up by the Forest Resource Assessment (FRA) Nepal. The analysis was based on SOC estimated up to the depth of 0–10, 11–20, and 21–30 cm using a modified Walkley–Black wet oxidation method. The study also analyzed contributing factors affecting soil carbon such as vegetation, forest fire, rate of forest resource use, and different soil properties like pH and bulk density. The study found that the mean SOC% up to the depths of 0–10 cm, 11–20 cm, and 21–30 cm was 2.08, 0.98, and 0.68, respectively, in forest areas. Mean SOC% in grasslands was found to be 1.7, 1.68, and 1.87 in 0–10, 11–20, and 21–30 cm, respectively, and in community forests, it was found to be 1.3, 0.98, and 0.58 in 0–10, 11–20, and 21–30 cm, respectively. Similarly, the vertical mean SOC in tC⋅ha−1 (0–30 cm) was found to be 41.75 tC·ha−1 in the core area of the national park, 46.64 tC·ha−1 in grassland, and 37.50 tC·ha−1 in CFs. The study also found that there was variation in SOC with depth and that most of the SOC was concentrated in the topsoil in the core area of the national park and buffer zone community forests. Deep layers of SOC were found in grasslands, core area of the national park, and CF in decreasing order. The study implies that the national park has enormous potential to recapture atmospheric CO2 into the soil. Participating in the sustainable management of the national park can enhance the soil quality and help meet strategies to mitigate climate change. Factors such as vegetation cover, fire, bulk density, and vegetation type were found to be promising for SOC concentration.
Some Generalizations of Relay Fusion Frames and

F
,
G

-Relay Fusion Frames in Hilbert

C

∗

-Modules
Authors: Chi Xiujiao , Hong Guoqing , Li Pengtong
Published: June 2023

The relay fusion frame proposed by Hong and Li is an extension of a fusion frame that has many applications in science. In this study, we introduce relay fusion frames in Hilbert

C

∗

-modules very naturally and shift some common attributes of fusion frames and relay fusion frames in Hilbert spaces to relay fusion frames in Hilbert

C

∗

-modules. In addition, we generalize some perturbation results in frame theory to relay fusion frames in Hilbert

C

∗

-modules. Finally, we introduce a class of

F
,
G

-relay fusion frames as a generalization of

K

-frames and present some perturbation results for

F
,
G

-relay fusion frames in Hilbert

C

∗

-modules.
Acute Lymphocytic Myocarditis in a Young Male Post-COVID-19
Authors: Bohné Mintje , Bohnen Sebastian , Willems Stephan , Klingel Karin , Kivelitz Dietmar , Bahlmann Edda
Published: June 2023

Background. Lymphocytic myocarditis is a rare form of myocarditis, associated with a high mortality rate due to a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Lymphocytic myocarditis might present as a relevant extrapulmonary manifestation after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Case presentation. We report a case of a 26-year-old male with lymphocytic myocarditis, presenting with a 1-month history of increasing fatigue, palpitations, and shortness of breath. Eight weeks before, he was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. He had received 2-dose schedule of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine Comirnaty® (BioNTech/Pfizer) 6 months prior to his admission. Diagnostic work-up by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging demonstrated a severely reduced left ventricular function and a strong midmyocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Histology and immunohistology of the endomyocardial biopsies revealed an acute lymphocytic myocarditis. Immunosuppressive therapy with a steroid taper in combination with azathioprine 300 mg/day was initiated. The patient was equipped with a LifeVest®. On day 17, a non-sustained ventricular tachycardia was documented. Follow-up CMR imaging after 3 months showed a slightly improved systolic left ventricular function, and a strong LGE was still detectable. Conclusions. The case highlights the significance of recognizing lymphocytic myocarditis correlated to COVID-19. It is important to be vigilant also of a later presentation of cardiomyopathy in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 due to high mortality without immediate support.
Progress Report on Interventional Treatment for Bronchopleural Fistula
Authors: Zhao Pei
Published: June 2023

Objectives. Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a serious and life-threatening complication. Following the advent of interventional radiology, subsequent treatment methods for BPF have gradually diversified. Therefore, this article provides an overview of the present scenario of interventional treatment and research advancements pertaining to BPF. Methods. Relevant published studies on the interventional treatment of BPF were identified from the PubMed, Sci-Hub, Google Scholar, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases. The included studies better reflect the current status of and progress in interventional treatments for BPF with representativeness, reliability, and timeliness. Studies with similar and repetitive conclusions were excluded. Results. There are many different interventional treatments for BPF that can be applied in cases of BPF with different fistula diameters. Conclusion. The application of interventional procedures for bronchopleural fistula has proven to be safe, efficacious, and minimally invasive. However, the establishment of comprehensive, standardized treatment guidelines necessitates further pertinent research to attain consensus within the medical community. The evolution of novel technologies, tools, techniques, and materials specifically tailored to the interventional management of bronchopleural fistula is anticipated to be the focal point of forthcoming investigations. These advancements present promising prospects for seamless translation into clinical practice and application, thereby potentially revolutionizing patient care in this field.
Some Novel Estimates of Integral Inequalities for a Generalized Class of Harmonical Convex Mappings by Means of Center-Radius Order Relation
Authors: Afzal Waqar , Shabbir Khurram , Arshad Mubashar , Asamoah Joshua Kiddy K. , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: June 2023

In interval analysis, integral inequalities are determined based on different types of order relations, including pseudo, fuzzy, inclusion, and various other partial order relations. By developing a link between center-radius (CR) order relations, it seeks to develop a theory of inequalities with novel estimates. A (CR)-order relation relationship differs from traditional interval-order relationships in that it is calculated as follows:

q
=

q

c

,

q

r

=

q
¯

+

q
¯

/
2

,

q
¯

−

q
¯

/
2

. There are several advantages to using this ordered relationship, including the fact that the inequality terms deduced from it yield much more precise results than any other partial-order relation defined in the literature. This study introduces the concept of harmonical

h

1

,

h

2

-convex functions associated with the center-radius order relations, which is very novel in literature. Applied to uncertainty, the center-radius order relation is an effective tool for studying inequalities. Our first step was to establish the Hermite−Hadamard

H
.
H

inequality and then to establish Jensen inequality using these notions. We discuss a few exceptional cases that could have practical applications. Moreover, examples are provided to verify the applicability of the theory developed in the present study.
Scraping Therapy Improved Muscle Regeneration through Regulating GLUT4/Glycolytic and AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 Pathways in Rats with Lumbar Multifidus Injury
Authors: Zou Bin , Du Juan , Xuan Qiwen , Wang Yajing , Wang Zixiao , Zhang Wen , Wang Lianghua , Gu Wei
Published: June 2023

Background. High morbidity of nonspecific low back pain (NLBP) and large consumption of medical resources caused by it have become a heavy social burden. There are many factors inducing NLBP, among which the damage and atrophy of multifidus (MF) are most closely related to NLBP. Scraping therapy can have significant treatment effects on NLBP with fewer adverse reactions and less medical fund input than other modalities or medications. However, the mechanism of scraping therapy treating NLBP remains unclarified. Here, we wanted to investigate the effects of scraping therapy on promoting MF regeneration and the underlying mechanisms. Methods. A total of 54 male rats (SD, 6-7 weeks old) were randomly divided into nine groups, namely, K, M6h, M1d, M2d, M3d, G6h, G1d, G2d, and G3d, with six rats in each group. They were injected with bupivacaine (BPVC) to intentionally induce MF injury. We then performed scraping therapy on the rats that had been randomly chosen and compared treatment effects at different time points. In vitro data including skin temperature and tactile allodynia threshold were collected and histological sections were analyzed. mRNA sequencing was applied to distinguish the genes or signaling pathways that had been altered due to scraping therapy, and the results were further verified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Results. Transitory petechiae and ecchymosis both on and beneath the rats’ skin raised by scraping therapy gradually faded in about 3 d. Cross-sectional area (CSA) of MF was significantly smaller 30 h, 2 d, and 4 d after modeling (

P
=
0.007

,

P
=
0.001

, and

P
=
0.015

, respectively, vs. the blank group) and was significantly larger in the scraping group 1 d after treatment (

P
=
0.002

vs. the model 1d group). Skin temperature significantly increased immediately after scraping (

P
<
0.001

) and hindlimb pain threshold increased on the 2nd day after scraping (

P
=
0.046

and

P
=
0.028

, respectively). 391 differentially expressed genes and 8 signaling pathways were characterized 6 h after scraping; only 3 differentially expressed genes and 3 signaling pathways were screened out 2 d after treatment. The amounts of mRNAs or proteins for GLUT4, HK2, PFKM, PKM, LDHA (which belong to the GLUT4/glycolytic pathway), p-mTOR, p-4EBP1 (which belong to the AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 pathway), and BDH1 were enhanced, and p-AMPKα was decreased after scraping therapy. Conclusions. Scraping therapy has therapeutic effects on rats with multifidus injury by promoting muscle regeneration via regulating GLUT4/glycolytic and AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 signaling pathways.
Data from Anti-tumor efficacy of the novel KIT inhibitor IDRX-42 (formerly M4205) in patient- and cell line-derived xenograft models of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Authors: De Sutter Luna , Wozniak Agnieszka , Verreet Jasper , Vanleeuw Ulla , De Cock Lore , Linde Nina , Drechsler Christine , Esdar Christina , Sciot Raf , Schöffski Patrick
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: The majority of GIST are driven by constitutively activated KIT/PDGFRA kinases and are susceptible to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. During treatment, most of these tumors will develop secondary mutations in KIT or PDGFRA inducing drug resistance, so there is an unmet need for novel therapies. We tested the efficacy of IDRX-42, a novel selective KIT inhibitor with high activity towards the most relevant KIT mutations, in 4 GIST xenograft models. Methods: NMRI nu/nu mice were transplanted with patient-derived GIST xenograft models UZLX-GIST9 (KIT:p.P577del;W557LfsX5;D820G), UZLX-GIST2B (KIT:p.A502_Y503dup), UZLX-GIST25 (KIT:p.K642E) and the cell-line derived model GIST882 (KIT:p.K642E). Mice were treated daily with vehicle (control), imatinib (100mg/kg), sunitinib (20mg/kg), avapritinib (5mg/kg), or IDRX-42 (10mg/kg, 25mg/kg). Efficacy was assessed by tumor volume evolution, histopathology, grading of histological response and immunohistochemistry. The Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon Matched Pairs tests were used for statistical analysis, with p<0.05 considered as significant. Results: IDRX-42 (25mg/kg) caused tumor volume shrinkage in UZLX-GIST25, GIST882 and UZLX-GIST2B, with a relative decrease to 45.6%, 57.3% and 35.1% on the last day as compared to baseline, and tumor growth delay (160.9%) compared to control in UZLX-GIST9. Compared to controls, IDRX-42 (25mg/kg) induced a significant decrease in mitosis. In UZLX-GIST25 and GIST882 grade 2-4 HR with myxoid degeneration was observed in all IDRX-42 (25mg/kg)-treated tumors. Conclusion: IDRX-42 showed significant antitumor activity in patient- and cell line-derived GIST xenograft models. The novel kinase inhibitor induced volumetric responses, decreased mitotic activity and had antiproliferative effects. In models with KIT exon 13 mutation IDRX-42 induced characteristic myxoid degeneration.
Data from The Immunogenomic Landscape of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bhinder Bhavneet , Ferguson Alison , Sigouros Michael , Uppal Manik , Elsaeed Ahmed G. , Bareja Rohan , Alnajar Hussein , Eng Kenneth Wha. , Conteduca Vincenza , Sboner Andrea , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Elemento Olivier , Beltran Himisha
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Patients with neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) are often managed with immunotherapy regimens extrapolated from small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We sought to evaluate the tumor immune landscape of NEPC compared to other prostate cancer types and SCLC. Experimental Design: In this retrospective study, a cohort of 170 patients with 230 RNA sequencing and 104 matched whole exome sequencing data were analyzed. Differences in immune and stromal constituents, frequency of genomic alterations, and associations with outcomes were evaluated. Results: In our cohort, 36% of the prostate tumors were identified as CD8+ T-cell inflamed, while the remaining 64% were T-cell depleted. T-cell inflamed tumors were enriched in anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and exhausted T-cells and associated with shorter overall survival relative to T-cell depleted tumors (HR=2.62, p<0.05). Among all prostate cancer types in the cohort, NEPC was identified to be the most immune depleted, wherein only 9 out of the 36 total NEPC tumors were classified as T-cell inflamed. These inflamed NEPC cases were enriched in interferon gamma signaling and PD-1 signaling compared to other NEPC tumors. Comparison of NEPC with SCLC revealed that NEPC had poor immune content and less mutations compared with SCLC, but expression of checkpoint genes PD-L1 and CTLA-4 was comparable between NEPC and SCLC. Conclusions: NEPC is characterized by a relatively immune-depleted tumor immune microenvironment compared with other primary and metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma except in a minority of cases. These findings may inform development of immunotherapy strategies for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Data from A Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 55 Genetically Predicted Metabolic Traits with Breast Cancer Survival Outcomes in the Pathways Study
Authors: Fiorica Peter N. , Sheng Haiyang , Zhu Qianqian , Roh Janise M. , Laurent Cecile A. , Ergas Isaac J. , Delmerico Jennifer , Kwan Marilyn L. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Ambrosone Christine B. , Yao Song
Published: June 2023

Previous studies suggest associations of metabolic syndromes with breast cancer prognosis, yet the evidence is mixed. In recent years, the maturation of genome-wide association study findings has led to the development of polygenic scores (PGS) for many common traits, making it feasible to use Mendelian randomization to examine associations between metabolic traits and breast cancer outcomes. In the Pathways Study of 3,902 patients and a median follow-up time of 10.5 years, we adapted a Mendelian randomization approach to calculate PGS for 55 metabolic traits and tested their associations with seven survival outcomes. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with adjustment for covariates. The highest tertile (T3) of PGS for cardiovascular disease was associated with shorter overall survival (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.11–1.61) and second primary cancer–free survival (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.12–1.53). PGS for hypertension (T3) was associated with shorter overall survival (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.00–1.43), second primary cancer–free survival (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.06–1.45), invasive disease-free survival (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.01–1.38), and disease-free survival (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.04–1.39). PGS for serum cystatin C levels (T3) was associated with longer disease-free survival (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71–0.95), breast event-free survival (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.61–0.91), and breast cancer–specific survival (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54–0.95). The above associations were significant at a nominal P < 0.05 level but not after correcting for multiple testing (Bonferroni P < 0.0009). Our analyses revealed notable associations of PGS for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cystatin C levels with breast cancer survival outcomes. These findings implicate metabolic traits in breast cancer prognosis.
Significance:
To our knowledge, this is the largest study of PGS for metabolic traits with breast cancer prognosis. The findings revealed significant associations of PGS for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cystatin C levels with several breast cancer survival outcomes. These findings implicate an underappreciated role of metabolic traits in breast cancer prognosis that would warrant further exploration.
Optimization of an inset-fed calculations for rectangular microstrip antenna
Authors: Dase Sulwan , Razak Irawati
Published: June 2023

This paper offers an alternative solution to produce a formula to calculate the inset-fed (y0) feed distance from the edge of the patch in order to obtain the impedance of a rectangular patch microstrip antenna as close to 50 Ohm as possible. The basic calculation refers to Ramesh's calculation formula to calculate the inset-fed (y0) on a rectangular patch microstrip antenna. From this research it is hoped that a number of correction factors will be obtained which will be multiplied by the Ramesh formula in order to obtain an inset-fed calculation which results in a lower return loss (S11) and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). From several calculation attempts, the approximate value for the correction factor is s=0.83477. This s correction factor is then multiplied by Ramesh's calculation formula. In this experiment, a microstrip antenna was simulated using an FR4 epoxy printed circuit board (PCB) with a relative permittivity, εr= 4.4, with a thickness of h=1.6 mm. The specified antenna nominal input impedance is 50 Ohms. The transmission line used is a microstrip line with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ohm. The test method used is to compare the results of simulation calculations using the Ramesh formula with the results of simulation calculations using the Ramesh formula multiplied by the correction factor. Tests are carried out using varying working frequencies. From the experimental results it can be seen that the average Return Loss (S11) and VSWR of the antenna are lower when using the Ramesh formula with a correction factor compared to the original Ramesh formula.
Privacy in computer ethics: Navigating the digital age
Authors: Zostant Maxwell , Chataut Robin
Published: June 2023

In this digital age, privacy has become a crucial issue due to the vast amount of personal information we share online. As a fundamental aspect of computer ethics, it concerns the appropriate use of information and communication technologies. This paper will discuss five key points related to privacy in computer ethics: the concept of privacy and its significance in the context of computer ethics; ethical considerations surrounding personal information in the digital space, including issues of consent, transparency, and data protection; the legal framework surrounding privacy in different jurisdictions, such as data protection laws and international standards; the role of technology in protecting privacy, including the use of encryption and other security measures; and finally, the challenges associated with protecting privacy in the digital age, such as the risk of data breaches, identity theft, and other forms of online exploitation. Through these five key points, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of privacy in computer ethics and emphasize the importance of promoting responsible and ethical use of technology.
Runner profile optimisation of gravitational vortex water turbine
Authors: Subekti Ridwan Arief , Wijaya Sastra Kusuma , Sudarmaji Arief , Atmaja Tinton Dwi , Prawara Budi , Susatyo Anjar , Fudholi Ahmad
Published: June 2023

This study discusses the numerical optimisation and performance testing of the turbine runner profile for the designed gravitational water vortex turbine. The initial design of the turbine runner is optimised using a surface vorticity algorithm coded in MATLAB to obtain the optimal stagger angle. Design validation is carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Ansys CFX to determine the performance of the turbine runner with the turbulent shear stress transport model. The CFD analysis shows that by optimising the design, the water turbine efficiency increases by about 2.6%. The prototype of the vortex turbine runner is made using a 3D printing machine with resin material. It is later tested in a laboratory-scale experiment that measures the shaft power, shaft torque and turbine efficiency in correspondence with rotational speeds varying from 150 to 650 rpm. Experiment results validate that the optimised runner has an efficiency of 45.3% or about 14% greater than the initial design runner, which has an efficiency of 39.7%.
Optimal power flow with distributed energy sources using whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Naidu TentuPapi , Balasubramanian Ganapathy , Venkateshwar Rao Bathina
Published: June 2023

Renewable energy generation is increasingly attractive since it is
 non-polluting and viable. Recently, the technical and economic performance of power system networks has been enhanced by integrating renewable energy sources (RES). This work focuses on the size of solar and wind production by replacing the thermal generation to decrease cost and losses on a big electrical power system. The Weibull and Lognormal probability density functions are used to calculate the deliverable power of wind and solar energy, to be integrated into the power system. Due to the uncertain and intermittent conditions of these sources, their integration complicates the optimal power flow problem. This paper proposes an optimal power flow (OPF) using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), to solve for the stochastic wind and solar power integrated power system. In this paper, the ideal capacity of RES along with thermal generators has been determined by considering total generation cost as an objective function. The proposed methodology is tested on the IEEE-30 system to ensure its usefulness. Obtained results show the effectiveness of WOA when compared with other algorithms like non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), grey wolf optimization (GWO) and particle swarm optimization-GWO (PSO-GWO).