bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma against the background of liver cirrhosis of viral (hepatitis C) etiology. Cinical case
Authors: Dorohavtseva H. A. , Zen Y. , Kharkov D. P. , Dorofeyev A. E.
Published: June 2024

The article presents a clinical case of a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of 55‑years‑old patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) against the background of liver cirrhosis of viral (hepatitis C) etiology. A focal liver lesion was accidentally detected during an ultrasound examination in an asymptomatic patient. Further radiological studies (CT and MRI of the liver with contrast) revealed numerous focal lesions of the liver against the background of its cirrhotic alterations. One of the foci in S7 with dimensions 62x68 mm, had LIRADS 5 signs, so it did not require histological verification. According to the Barcelona guidelines, the patient met criteria for advanced HCC (stage B). Treatment options in this case were liver transplantation or locoregional therapy to reduce the HCC stage. The preserved portal blood flow and the preserved functional status of the patient made it possible to conduct successful transarterial chemoembolisation of the focus in S7. After two months, radiological control recorded stabilization of the focus with necrosis and absence of distant metastatic lesions. Moreover, patient had a recurrence of viral hepatitis C, which required administration of the scheme sofosbuvir + glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. After reviewing the patient’s clinical status and evaluating his radiological and serological dynamics, the possibility of liver transplantation was considered. On April 20, 2023, a successful orthotopic liver transplantation was performed. Pathomorphological findings confirmed HCC G2 in the S7 focus. Three months after transplantation, the patient developed a clinical picture of acute cellular rejection of mild severity, which was confirmed by pathomorphological examination. Appropriate correction of immunosuppressive therapy stabilized the patient’s clinical condition and liver function tests. In the future, the patient needs dynamic monitoring with careful control of laboratory parameters and radiological examinations.
Intermittent fasting as a promising method of treatment of metabolically associated steatotic liver disease. Review
Authors: Tkach S. M. , Kharchenko N. V. , Dorofeyev A. E.
Published: June 2024

Metabolic‑associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is one of the most common diseases of the century. According to a recent meta‑analysis, its prevalence in the Western world is estimated at approximately 25% of the entire adult population. Currently, there is no single pharmacological treatment of MASLD approved by international guidelines. Therefore, changes in the lifestyle, diet and eating behavior remain the cornerstone of the treatment of MASLD. Recently, a lot of attention in the treatment of obesity and MASLD is paid to the so‑called intermittent fasting (IF) — a food regimen, the essence of which is to divide the day into periods of eating (food window) and complete refusal of food. Because chronic dysregulation of circadian rhythms may increase the risk of metabolic disease, time‑restricted diets, or dietary interventions, including IF, may maintain circadian rhythms and ameliorate metabolic disease. Acting on the main metabolic pathways, IF in patients with MASLD is able to restore metabolic flexibility, which is understood as the ability of the body to coordinate the sensation, exchange, storage and utilization of nutrients, as well as to choose adequate metabolic pathways to maintain energy homeostasis in accordance with the availability and demand for energy substrates. Several possible mechanisms of the influence of intermittent fasting on the pathogenesis of MASLD are known, in particular, energy switching to ATP generation processes, such as β‑oxidation; reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress; improvement of autophagy, sensitivity to insulin and composition of gut microbiota. Randomized controlled clinical trials demonstrated that depending on the type and duration of the diets, IF can lead to significant weight loss compared to hypocaloric or other diets, it affects almost all of the major metabolic drivers of MASLD, thus slowing the progression of liver disease and serving as an additional tool in the treatment of this pathology. Thus, intermittent fasting can become a promising, effective, and cheap treatment method with low side effects for a wide range of patients.
Complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Stasyshyn A. R. , Shvydkyi Y. B. , Shvydkyi Y. B.
Published: June 2024

Objective — to analyze the results of diagnosis and treatment of complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the diagnosis and treatment of 1232 patients with complicated GERD treated at the Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Endoscopy Lviv National Medical University, Lviv Regional Clinical Diagnostic Center and Lviv territorial medical union multidisciplinary clinical hospital of emergency and intensive care in the period of 2018 to 2023 years. The analysis involved 690 women (56%), and 542 men (44%). The mean patients’ age was 57.0±4.5 years, the mean body mass index 32.7 kg/ m2. Analysis included complaints and patient history, duration of symptoms, instrumental studies (esophagogastroduodenoscopy, X‑ray of the gastrointestinal tract with barium sulfate), various methods and techniques of operations. Statistical analysis was made with Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft).
Results. Patients with peptic ulcer of the esophagus received proton pump inhibitors, prokinetics. Laparoscopic antireflux surgery was performed at 4 ‑16 weeks after conservative treatment. Balloon dilatation and conservative treatment for 12 weeks was performed in 4 patients with peptic stricture of the esophagus. Argon plasma coagulation and/or radiofrequency ablation was performed in 9 patients with verified Barrett’s esophagus, PPIs were used for 8 ‑ 12 weeks before surgery in all patients and in 2 cases after it. In 10 patients with acute bleeding from the upper parts of the digestive tract, combined hemostasis (injection + argon plasma coagulation) was performed in combination with infusional hemostatic, anti‑ulcer therapy. Laparoscopically was performed for 105 patients.
Conclusions. Among GERD complications, esophageal‑gastric bleeding was diagnosed in 14.3% of patients, hiatal hernia in 90.5%, Barrett’s esophagus with columnar­lined esophagus CLE in 7.9% of patients. Performance of combined hemostasis (injection + argon plasma coagulation) in combination with infusional hemostatic and anti‑ulcer therapy made it possible to stop bleeding and prepare patients for planned surgical intervention.
The conditions of prison administration’s service of Siberia at the beginning of the 20th century: resources, conflicts, terror
Authors: Pyrkh Viktoriya
Published: June 2024

The article deals with the specificity of Siberian prison administration’s labor activity in the late Russian Empire. Much attention is paid to the “prison terror”, which had been widely distributed during the First Russian revolution. It is shown that the difficulties of the prison service were related to the growth of revolutionary moods in society and the government’s inability to provide safe working conditions for wardens in the atmosphere of political conflict in the beginning of the 20th century.
Collective Memories of Violence and Political Attitudes: Evidence from a World War II Frontline
Authors: Lemoli Giacomo , Gennaro Gloria
Published: June 2024

Violence can shape political behavior across generations, but the social mechanisms underlying this process are only partially understood. We propose that collective memories permit the inter-generational transfer of attitudes induced by violence, even when state recognition is weak, making them prone to mobilization following changes in the political environment. We study a case of indiscriminate violence against Italian civilians by French North African soldiers during World War II. Using a geo-targeted survey experiment, we document that memories of violence are locally transmitted within the family and community and causally affect attitudes toward immigration. Using electoral outcomes and party platforms from 1948 to 2018, we show that increasing the nationalist content of a party’s manifesto results in larger electoral gains in formerly victimized communities. This paper sheds new light on how the social nature of memory can make conflict experiences politically consequential even if they are marginalized from national narratives.
From Data to Action: An Adaptable Crosstabs Template for Participatory Survey Data Analysis
Authors: Pinzón Natalia , Koundinya Vikram , Dowling William , Galt Ryan
Published: June 2024

We present a practical and accessible template for quantitative survey data analysis designed for non-academic researchers in order to facilitate engagement from community collaborators. The template, created in Google Sheets, is mainly for computing cross-tabulations, but it also displays frequency distributions and p-values for determining statistical significance. The template allows collaborators to record their observations and questions, promoting an efficient yet interactive review process and fostering a democratic analysis environment. Based on our own experience using this template for a data party, we highlight its effectiveness in promoting collaborative data interpretation, decision-making, and the actionable use of survey findings.
Discrepancies in the perception of social support relationships (Stage 1 Registered Report)
Authors: Krüger Heike , Grund Thomas , Letina Srebrenka , Long Emily , Riddell Julie , Zucca Claudia , McCann Mark
Published: June 2024

Objective: Prior research in the area of social support suggests that it is an important influential factor of mental health. Yet, it often remains unclear how much overlap there is between provided support, the perceived availability of support resources, and the factors that account for discrepancies. Mental health disorders tend to produce and are maintained by distorted perceptions of the social environment. Depressive symptoms, in particular, are associated with increasingly negative thought processes and evaluations of social relationships and interactions. Consequently, the present study seeks to identify the discrepancies in the perceptions between givers and receivers of support. We aim to assess the extent to which the individual attributes of mental health, loneliness, and gender are related to discrepancies in support provision. Method: In order to examine the research question, two school surveys will be utilized. First, we investigate dual-perspective networks of more than 3000 adolescents at 37 schools in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, using the second wave of the SOCIALBOND study. The analysis is based on sociocentric network data from adolescents in the eighth grade, distinguishing between the nominations of adolescents who provide support and those who receive emotional support at the grade level. The analyses will be replicated using two cohorts of the Net4health pilot study. The aim is to conduct the analyses in diverse national contexts and for distinct mental health outcomes.Results: The preliminary findings based on the SOCIALBOND study indicate that there is a substantial amount of mismatch in individuals' perception of support relationships. Nevertheless, mental health and loneliness do not emerge as significant influential factors of discrepancies. In contrast, there is evidence for gender differences in misperceptions. Support provision is more likely to stay unnoticed when the provider is a young man, and young men are more likely to perceive support that was not intended.
Better than flipping a coin? Organ specific plasma proteins are not confidently identified by gene expression data
Authors: Orsburn Benjamin C
Published: June 2024

A recent study by Oh et al., utilized plasma proteomic samples to produce an impressive model predictive of human aging at an organ specific level. While both the depth and size of this study are nearly unprecedented, proteins were grouped by the organ they originated from based on gene expression data. This is surprising because it is well accepted that the correlation between protein abundance and transcript abundance is generally poor. It is more surprising that the authors did not leverage protein specific databases such as the Draft Maps of the Human Proteome published in Nature in 2014. Spot checking proteins these “organ specific” proteins against these resources suggested there was generally low levels of specificity. For a thorough analysis I compared all proteins identified as organ specific from a high depth proteomic atlas of 29 healthy human tissues. Of 460 proteins which could be matched to organ specific data between the two studies only 274 (59.6%) met the author’s threshold for organ specificity when evaluating protein level data. When considering human organs as a connected network with equivalent protein level contributions to plasma, only 209 (45.4%) of the organ specific proteins had a greater summed abundance than the other organs. While there may be validity in the use of plasma proteomics to assess human aging, organ specific patterns should be based on protein level data, rather than gene expression for reliable metrics
Opening the black box of article retractions: Exploring the causes and consequences of data management errors
Authors: Kovacs Marton , Varga Marton Aron , Dominik Dianovics , Poldrack Russell , Aczel Balazs
Published: June 2024

The retraction of an article is probably the most severe outcome of a scientific project. While great emphasis has been placed on articles retracted due to scientific misconduct, studies show many retractions are due to honest errors. Unfortunately, in most cases, retraction notices do not provide sufficient information to determine the specific types and causes of these errors. In our study, we explored the research data management errors that led to retractions from the perspectives of the authors. We collected responses from 97 researchers from a broad range of disciplines using a survey design. Our exploratory results suggest that just about any type of research data management error can lead to the retraction of a paper, and these errors can occur at any stage of the data management workflow. The most frequently occurring cause of an error was inattention. The retraction was an extremely stressful experience for the majority of our sample, and most surveyed researchers introduced changes to their data management workflow as a result. Based on our findings, we propose that researchers revise their data management workflows as a whole, instead of focusing on certain aspects of the process, with special emphasis on tasks vulnerable to human fallibility.
Process Capability Analysis Made Simple Through Graphical Approach
Authors: Prabhuswamy M.S. , Nagesh P.
Published: June 2024

The statistical techniques can be used to quantify the variability of the manufacturing process. The process capability analysis helps in quantifying the process variability and assists manufacturing by reducing the variability. Process capability of a manufacturing process can be assessed through the computations of various process capability ratios. Graphical approach can be extended and used to compute capability ratios. A graphical approach of the process capability study is a presentation of process capability parameters in the form of graphs and gives quick information for further computation and analysis.
The process capability can be measured and analyzed through the computations of various process capability indices by analytical methods. This involves more computations and time consuming and not user-friendly. The mean and grand mean computations are replaced by median and grand median. Graphical method of computations of median, grand median and average range is developed. Graphical approach can be used for process capability measurement. The graphical approach of process capability study makes it easier to assess the variability of the manufacturing process with less computation and consumes less time and makes user-friendly analysis. The process capability results using median has less affected by extreme values. The median chart indicates on-line variability. If, the control limits are introduced to median chart it performs like average and range chart with fewer computations and consumes less time. This approach helps to worker in the shop floor to assess the process.
Effect of Different Sugars on Shoot Induction in CV. Basmati
Authors: Thapa Ruby , Dhakal Dipesh , Gauchan Dhurba Prasad
Published: June 2024

Effect of various concentrations of different sugars was investigated for induction of root and shoot from basmati rice. Explant, seeds (grains) were transferred in ½ MS basal media fortified with different concentrations of carbon source like sucrose, maltose, and dextrose. In vitro regenerated rice plantlets were healthy and attained a length of 16.17cm at 0.25 % concentration within a week. Only low concentration (0.25%) of dextrose exhibited the maximum shoot and root growth, out of three sugars. Maltose showed the moderate growth response of shoot and root length in all the concentrations.
New Method to Detect Isomorphism in Kinematic Chains
Authors: Hasan Ali , Khan R.A. , Mohd Aas
Published: June 2024

The present work deals with the problem of detection of isomorphism, which is frequently encountered in structural synthesis of kinematic chains (KC). A new method based on theoretic approach, easy to compute and reliable is suggested in this paper. The KC are represented in the form of the Joint-Joint [JJ] matrices. Two structural invariants derived from the characteristic polynomials of the [JJ] matrix of the KC are the sum of absolute characteristic polynomial coefficients (shortened as ΣJJ) and maximum absolute value of the characteristic polynomial coefficient (shortened as MJJ). These invariants are used as the composite identification number of a KC and mechanisms. It is capable of detecting isomorphism in all types of planar kinematic chains. This study will help the designer to select the best KC and mechanisms to perform the specified task and avoid duplication at the conceptual stage of design. The application this study is in research and development industries. The proposed method has been explained with the help of examples. The KC of 1-F, 8-links, and 10-links as well as 2-F, 9-link has been tested and the results are in complete agreement with the available literature of structural synthesis.
On Epimorphically Closed Homotypical Permutative Varieties
Authors: Khan Noor Mohammad
Published: June 2024

We find some sufficient conditions that a homotypical identity be preserved under epis of semigroups in conjunction with any nontrivial permutation identity.
Enabling Environmental Justice Through Education and Conservation: The Status of Existing University Curricula Relating to Environmental Justice (Discipline – Environment)
Authors: Khanal Sanjay Nath , Krishna Murthy V.
Published: June 2024

The intent of the exercise was to have a comprehensive status paper on Environmental Justice (EJ) education available on one hand and desirable on the other to be prescribed in graduate and undergraduate levels of university education in Nepal. The present evaluation reports results of a review of existing syllabi of environmental science and environmental management taught at the three major universities namely Tribhuwan University (TU), Pokhara University (PU) and Kathmandu University (KU) at Undergraduate (UG) and Postgraduate (PG) levels. A simple evaluation scheme was designed to assess the representation of topics and subtopics under the selected categories of Environmental Justice. This central information of the report is supplemented by introductory account of EJ in Nepal as an academic discipline and review account of courses provided by other universities and other considerations in design and development of EJ curriculum. Notable among the conclusions are firstly to conceive and frame the syllabi affixing EJ as an independent subject of 3 credits each or in total about 50 hours of teaching in UG and PG levels; while the UG course should be more oriented towards theoretical inputs related to scope, philosophy, definitions etc., the PG course should focus on national and international perspectives and issues along with policies and plans. A professional approach in framing PG level syllabus is suggested with a provision to take up dissertation work related to EJ. In Nepal, it is time to sustain the participatory-based judicial dispensation with an intention of effective and useful implementation of policies by stakeholders. There is an essentiality of introducing the issues related to international environmental which are not only contextual but also futuristic. The report concludes by reiterating to consider the opinion and expertise to judicial officials at the time of framing the syllabi for teaching at graduate and undergraduate levels facilitating inclusion of essential components in an adequate and appropriate measure.
Fuzzy Linguistic Approach of Preventive Maintenance Scheduling Cost Optimisation
Authors: Oke S.A. , Charles-Owaba O.E.
Published: June 2024

The simultaneous scheduling of resource-constrained maintenance and operations is an emerging theory that is attracting the attention of both researchers and practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to capture the uncertainty in the development of a model that schedules both preventive maintenance and operational activities. Fuzzy logic is employed to transform the human expertise into IF-THEN rules. The approach has the advantage of revealing semantic uncertainty with the associated non-specifying measures. The methodology applied tracks the error values in terms of results in linguistic variable. The result obtained indicates the feasibility of tracking the uncertain measures in the model discussed. Thus, the study may be applicable to both production system and transportation organizations that are engaged in both maintenance and operational activities. The research has serious implication in terms of the ability to monitor the imprecision that were introduced in the previous models. This obviously provides a more reliable framework for researchers and practitioners interested in maintenance scheduling operation. The paper is new in that, it demonstrates the application of fuzzy logic in a form that was never documented.
In Vitro Interactions of Ciprofloxacin with Selected Drugs and Excipients
Authors: Poudel B.K. , Thapa Panna
Published: June 2024

The present work comprises an interaction studies of ciprofloxacin, a quinolone antibiotic, with drugs (raw and market products) and excipients (raw and market products). For this, all the reaction conditions were simulated to gastric and intestinal environment. Drug-ciprofloxacin interactions were studied in USP Type II dissolution apparatus for three hours, aliquots of medium sampled out at an interval of 30 minutes. For excipients, fixed concentration of ciprofloxacin was mixed with varied ratio of excipients, shaken in an orbital shaker up to equilibrium time. The contents of ciprofloxacin in both processes were determined in UV spectrophotometer. The results revealed that both raw and market drugs: calcium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, marketed calcium carbonate tablets and marketed magnesium trisilicate suspension retarded the in vitro availability of ciprofloxacin in both simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Further, binding of ciprofloxacin to talc, starch and microcrystalline cellulose was found to be non-linear but linear with activated charcoal and bentonite. While studying on two different formulations of activated charcoal, it was found that the maximum adsorption capacity for D-Tox capsules was 254.48 (simulated gastric fluid) to 232.63 (simulated intestinal fluid) and for D-Tox powder was 379.86(simulated gastric fluid) to 353.61 (simulated intestinal fluid) respectively. The effect of pH on binding to activated charcoal was not statistically significant. The binding of ciprofloxacin to drugs was found to be statistically significant and presumed to be due to chelation. The values of T50% and T90% increased drastically in both simulations, effect more pronounced in simulated intestinal fluid. Therefore, availability of ciprofloxacin can be affected by concurrent ingestion of aforementioned drugs or excipients.
Enzymatic Combustion by Ligninolytic Enzymes of Lignicolous Fungi
Authors: Nagadesi Praveen Kumar , Arya Arun
Published: June 2024

Lignicolous fungi are wood degrading organisms, which were able to decompose all wood polymers; lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose etc. by producing ligninolytic, cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes respectively. The complex plant polymer like lignin was biodegraded by a unique “enzymatic combustion,” i.e. a nonspecific enzyme-catalyzed burning. Enzymatic combustion, involves oxidative extracellular enzymes. The selective lignicolous fungi that decompose preferentially wood lignin by lignin peroxidase, Manganese peroxidase, and laccases in wood polysaccharides leaving cellulose were Lenzites sterioides1, 2, L. betulina, L. exima, Phellinus gillvus, P. nilgheriensis, P. robustus, Flavodon flavum, Ganoderma lucidum, Shizophyllum Commune. The soft rot fungi mainly cause degradation of cellulose by producing cellulolytic enzyme were Phoma multirostrata, Theliviopsis stste of Ceratocystis paradoxa, Fusarium palidoroseum, Alternaria Alternata, Chaetomium globosum, Curvularia lunata, Rhizopus stolonifer, Trichoderma Viride. In order to determine the lignin degrading capability of different lignicolus fungi from Ratanmahal Wildlife Sanctuary, the fungi were screened for production of extracellular wood-degrading enzymes on solid media by providing appropriate substrates. The results obtained revealed that 10 fungi were white rot producing microbes with both ligninolytic and cellulolytic ability. Lignocellulolytic behaviour of lignicolus fungi makes them better equipped to degrade different wood in forest area. The white rot fungi showing highest ligninolytic activity was Lenzites exima and lowest cellulolytic activity was recorded in case of L. betulina. The soft rot fungi Phoma multirostrata, Fusarium palidoroseum, Alternaria Alternata, Chaetomium globosum were producing ligninolytic enzyme was reported for the first time.
Common Fixed Point Theorem on Cone Banach Space
Authors: Varghese P.G. , Dersanambika K.S.
Published: June 2024

The aim of this manuscript is to discuss some fixed point results for self mappings satisfying certain contractive conditions on Cone Banach space.
Fixed Point Theorems for Occasionally Weakly Compatible Maps in G-Metric Space
Authors: Manro Saurabh
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we prove common fixed point theorems for a pair of occasionally weakly compatible maps in Symmetric G-metric space. Our results generalize and extend several relevant common fixed-point theorems from the literature.
Assessment of Detection Efficacy of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Sputum Samples by Real-Time PCR-Based Method
Authors: Upadhyaya S. K. , Dixit S. M. , Shrestha S. , Dangol S. D. , Pokhrel D. , Banjara S. , Shrestha K. S. , Hengoju S. , Dahal B. K.
Published: June 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Nepal and ranks as one of the most prevalent communicable diseases throughout the country. In Nepal, 45% of the total population is infected with TB, and 40,000 people get TB every year. Twenty thousand new sputum-positive cases are seen annually, with 5000-7000 people dying each year from TB. Thirty sputum samples were collected from Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal, and a comparative study of Acid-fast Bacilli (AFB) test and Real-time PCR was conducted separately with the culture test, regarded as the gold standard by WHO. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through the use of Real-time PCR was found to be higher compared to AFB and culture. The Real-time PCR test showed higher sensitivity (100%) and specificity (94.11%) compared to the AFB test, with sensitivity of 84.61% and specificity of 88.24%. The positive predictive value was found to be 84.61% and 92.86% for AFB and Q-PCR, respectively. The negative predictive value was found to be 88.24% for AFB and 100% for Q-PCR. Our statistics clearly show that TB diagnosis by Q-PCR is highly efficient and reliable over conventional methods of diagnosis, and we recommend its use in the hospitals and clinics of Nepal.
Study on Eco-Friendly Cost-Effective Earthbag House Construction
Authors: Jain Rajesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

This report will highlight the benefits both in terms of CO2 reduction and cost-saving construction. This project will develop rigorous assessment methods and broaden applications. It is expected that the project will have an impact on construction practice and lead to more research in this area. The weakest specimens tested obtained maximum compressive strengths ranging from 120 kN/m to 140 kN/m, almost 10 times as great as those typically achieved by conventional stud-frame housing in terms of load per meter of wall length. The lowest load deformation response was observed for the G9 specimen group, at 0.7 kN/mm. The strongest and stiffest results were observed for the 3-bag soil-filled specimen, with load deformation responses ranging from 8 kN/mm to 15 kN/mm, and compressive strength two orders of magnitude higher than conventional stud-frame housing, ranging from 1100 kN/m to 1300 kN/m. Strength and stiffness values for medium soil-filled specimens measuring 508 mm x 914 mm were in the same range as the values for the small specimens. There was little difference in stiffness between specimens filled with topsoil and those filled with a 4:1 ratio of topsoil to masonry sand, though a small sample size prevents a meaningful statistical analysis of the variance between the two fill materials.
Optimum Use of Renewable Energy Resources to Generate Electricity via Hybrid System
Authors: Bhuiyan Mahmud Abdul Matin , Mandal Anand , Thakur Ujwal Kumar
Published: June 2024

The necessity of a hybrid energy system is gaining more importance day by day as it incorporates two or more renewable energy resources that, when integrated, overcome limitations inherent in either. A hybrid energy system has been seen as an excellent solution for the electrification of rural places where grid extension is difficult and economically not feasible. Such systems may consist of several renewable resources such as solar PV, wind, biomass, micro-hydro, geothermal, and other conventional generators for backup, where the deficiency of one system can be compensated by others. This paper depicts the different system components and their optimal combination for the efficient generation of electrical energy exploiting locally available resources. The model discussed in the paper comprises micro-hydro, solar PV, and biomass for the rural village in Nepal known as Kalikhola, which is used as a case study. The optimized hybrid system shows a unit cost of $0.088/KWh, which is obtained after the simulation considering the contribution of individual renewable resources participating in the system.
Role of Herbs, Papain, and Microorganisms in Digestion
Authors: Saha Dibyajyoti , Paul Swati
Published: June 2024

The treatment of Ayurveda is totally based on natural herbs, and most importantly, each herb has certain medicinal value or property. Various herbs have various effects on our body. Herbs work by supplying different nutrients to the body. Some herbs work as a general tonic that cleanses, nourishes, and rebuilds on a cellular level. Enzymes are extremely active components in the digestion systems of all animals. Papain is used as an enzyme which helps in digestion, and it's usually produced as a crude, dried material by collecting the latex from the fruit of the papaya tree. The latex is collected after scoring the neck of the fruit. A purification step is necessary to remove contaminating substances. This purification consists of the solubilization and extraction of the active papain enzyme system through a government-registered process. This purified papain may be supplied as powder or as liquid. Microorganisms are also present in the digestive systems of all animals. Their main role is to break various components down in order to facilitate absorption. These findings highlight the importance of various herbs and papain enzyme, as well as different types of microorganisms, in digestion.
Review on Macroinvertebrates’ Physiological Response to Regulated Stream Flow
Authors: Sharma P. , Sharma S.
Published: June 2024

Short rainfall, elevated rates of evaporation, exhaustion of underground water levels, and highly inconsistent stream flow regimes have encouraged the construction of big dams and other water-regulating infrastructure development, resulting in the degradation of river ecosystems. These major changes transform and reduce the biological composition of rivers, isolating populations of aquatic life and their habitats within a river. Invertebrates account for roughly 95% of all animals, so it is important to understand their physiological response to various stressors related to changes in flow regime. This review summarizes the ecological impact of dams in river ecosystems, specifically on macroinvertebrates and their physiology, and highlights potential stressors responsible for environmental disruption.
A Generalization of Contraction Principle on Partial Metric Spaces
Authors: Dhanokar G.A. , Salunke J.N.
Published: June 2024

In this paper we have proved fixed point theorem using  continuous and monotonically non-decreasing mapping ∅, Ψ: [ 0, ∞) ->  [ 0, ∞) with ∅ (0) , Ψ (0) = 0.
Approximation of a Function of Lip ( ξ (t), p ) Class by (C, 1) (N, pₙ) Method of its Fourier Series
Authors: Dhakal Binod Prasad
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the degree of approximation of a function belonging to Lip ( ξ (t), p ) class by product summability method (C, 1) (N, pₙ) of its Fourier series has been determined
Станислав Лем, братья Стругацкие, Рафаил Нудельман и Ариадна Громова: о поэтике и истории еврейской научной фантастики в советском и польском контекстах
Authors: Grinberg Marat
Published: June 2024

Статья анализирует влияние Станислава Лема на советскую научную фантастику и то, как Лем и советские писатели - братья Стругацкие, Рафаил Нудельман и Ариадна Громова - внедряли память о Холокосте  в свои произведения и создавали посредством научной фантастики еврейскую литературу в советском и польском контекстах.
К проблеме хронотопа в романе Некода Зингера Билеты в кассе. Биоавтография
Authors: Kolomakin Bella
Published: June 2024

The paper is devoted to the study of the organization of artistic time and space in the novel by Nekod Singer Bilety v kasse. Bioavtographiya (Tickets at the box office. Bioautography) on the basis of modern literary concepts that develop the theory of the chronotope of Mikhail Bakhtin. The work distinguishes four levels of narration presented in the work under study, and the four chronotopes corresponding to them, which differ in relation to reality, time and space. They also differ in having the main character in each chronotope. In addition, the paper discusses the interaction of these chronotopes coexisting in one literary text, and their influence on its structure.
Régine Robin, medley avec Bob Dylan et un pas-de-deux avec Georges Perec
Authors: Gyssels Kathleen
Published: June 2024

Dans tous ses écrits, Régine Robin rend régulièrement hommage à ses compagnons préférés : parmi eux, une place particulière est faite aux écrivains juifs ou aux auteurs qui revendiquent vaguement des origines juives. Il y a d'abord Kafka, dont le livre est posé sur la table d'une photo noir et blanc de Régine (illustration ajoutée), Paul Celan, les deux Roth (Jozef et Philip), Romain Gary, les philosophes Steiner, Derrida, Arendt, et l'auteur moderne Patrick Modiano. Ce dernier l'a préoccupée dans le dernier livre publié de son vivant : Ces lampes qu'on a oublié d'éteindre. Ceci dit, personne ne semble plus important dans sa formation et sa vision de la littérature que Georges Perec. En effet, le célèbre membre de l'OULIPO (fondé en 1960) partage avec Robin de multiples aspects : tout d'abord, tous deux sont des enfants cachés (elle a trois ans de plus que Perec), ensuite, ils ont grandi dans le même "arrondissement", et enfin, tous deux pratiquent la littérature comme un moyen de garder vivante la mémoire du passé et de transcender sa nature traumatique. La littérature n'est jamais "Spielerei" mais doit être innovante et c'est ce dernier domaine que j'illustre comme étant brillamment "conversif". Tous deux entremêlent les lieux de la vie quotidienne avec leurs propres "souvenirs" et se consolent avec la musique et les films lorsque l'écriture est un fardeau trop lourd à porter. Tous deux réfléchissent à l'avenir des arts, à l'impact de la vie moderne et à l'invention de l'ordinateur personnel.
УКРАЇНСЬКА ІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ ХІХ СТ.: ФОРМУВАННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ
Authors: Тарапон Оксана , Потапенко Руслана
Published: June 2024

ХІХ ст. пов’язане з культурним відродженням України, або етапом культурницького націоналізму, в рамках якого проходив пошук і формування національної ідентичності українців, кристалізація концептуальних засад національного життя. У цей період відбувалосястановлення української історичної науки, яку презентувала блискуча плеяда діячів. В умовах колосального колоніального імперського тиску, політики русифікації та денаціоналізації українські інтелектуали відстояли право українців бути собою, довели окремішністьукраїнської історії, її тяглість і неперервність, самостійність мови і культури. У статті проаналізовано вплив розвитку української історіографії ХІХ ст. на процес формування національної ідентичності українців. Адже витоки останньої опираються на власну історичну пам'ять, культурну індивідуальність етносу, а, отже, спонукають розвиток історичних досліджень. Протягом ХІХ ст., по мірі посилення російського імперського тиску на Україну, активно відбувалося наукове осмислення культурного та історичного минулого. Це період наукового становлення української національної історіографії, у рамках якої ішли пошуки історичних витоків українства, тяглості його історичного процесу, формування основ державності та особливостей національного життя.Історики ХІХ ст. вирішили два важливі завдання: 1) на базі напрацювань попередників вивели процес історієписання на науковий рівень, сформували науковий інструментарій та джерельну базу; 2) протиставили самодержавній великоросійській ідеології власну науково обґрунтовану концепцію історії України, забезпечили відродження історичної пам’яті. Друге завдання фокусувалося безпосередньо в площині національної ідентичності. В умовах посиленого імперського тиску і русифікації, поширення пропагандистського гасла «народності», як великодержавної російської ідеології, плеяда українських істориків засобамиісторичної науки спростувала твердження російської офіційної історіографії стосовно того, що України – це споконвічна російська територія без власної історії, мови, культури, довели неперервність і самостійність українського історичного розвитку.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА БЕЗПЕКА В УМОВАХ ГЕОПОЛІТИЧНОГО ВИКЛИКУ: АНАЛІЗ РОСІЙСЬКО- УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ ТА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ В ЗМІ 2014 – 2022 рр.
Authors: Логвинюк Тетяна
Published: June 2024

Останні роки для України стали часом викликів, що перетворилися на справжні випробування національної стійкості. Російсько-українська війна, розпочавшись у 2014 році, не лише висунула перед Україною надзвичайно складні завдання в обороні своєї території, а й вибудувала агресивний ландшафт на міжнародній арені. Спроби впливу на суспільство через інформаційні канали стали невід’ємною складовою цього конфлікту, відіграючи ключову роль у формуванні публічної думки та управлінні образом України у світі.Термін «інформаційна безпека» на даний час стає більш актуальним, ніж будь-коли, оскільки сучасне суспільство власне залежить від інформаційних потоків. Швидкість поширення інформації зростає експоненційно, тобто знаходиться в постійному зростанні чи спаді, викликаючи потребу вдосконалення заходів інформаційної безпеки.                                                                                        Аналіз діяльності засобів масової інформації радянського періоду відкрило перед нами картину, як відсутність свободи слова породжувала пропагандистські міфи, що завершувались відривом політичної влади від народу. Преса того часу виступала центром політичних маніпуляцій та інструментом тоталітарного управління, що відбивалося не лише на теренах СРСР, але і в Україні, про те сьогодні ця спадщина інформаційного контролю є ключовим елементом для розуміння нинішньої інформаційної обстановки та формування відповідальної національної інформаційної політики.Міжнародна спільнота та міжнародні інституції однозначно засудили дії Російської Федерації у відношенні до України у 2014 році, кваліфікувавши їх як акт агресії та виражаючи підтримку територіальній цілісності України. Це сталося після понад 30 років від закінчення Холодної війни, коли світ знову став свідком напружених відносин. Півострів Крим, що майже не був помітний на карті світу, став причиною конфлікту не лише між українським і російським народами, але й загострив відносини між країнами, які прихильні демократії, та тими, які відзначаються антизахідним світоглядом.
ЗАГАЛЬНООСВІТНЯ ШКОЛА УРСР ПЕРІОДУ «ПЕРЕБУДОВИ»: ДЖЕРЕЛОЗНАВЧИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Адобаш Віктор
Published: June 2024

Період так званої «горбачовської перебудови» відображає соціокультурні зміни, що розпочалися з офіційного курсу реформ, проголошених генеральним секретарем ЦК КПРС М. Горбачовим, а закінчилися процесами суспільних трансформацій, що набули незворотного характеру. Друковані джерела з історії шкільної освіти УРСР відображають зміни в системі освіти та указують фактори, які їх зумовили, а також показують політику держави в сфері освіти, яка в Радянському Союзі була пріоритетною сферою підготовки професійних кадрів та ідеологічного виховання підростаючого покоління.До офіційних джерел з теми розвитку загальноосвітньої школи Української РСР періоду «перебудови» належить «Збірник наказів та інструкцій Міністерства освіти Української РСР», що виходив двічі на місяць і вміщував інформацію щодо організації навчального процесу, його правового регулювання, змістового наповнення, кадрового забезпечення тощо. У даній статті зроблено джерелознавчий аналіз періодичного друкованого видання «Збірник наказів та інструкцій Міністерства освіти Української РСР», котрий друкував офіційні рішення вищого керівництва у системі освіти СРСР та УРСР.Тут оприлюднювалися накази Міністерства освіти Української РСР та рішення колегії Міносвіти щодо реалізації реформи освіти, змін в навчально-виховному процесі, різних питань функціонування системи освіти, які відображають загалом політику держави в сфері освіти, показують пріоритетні напрямки, на яких робився наголос, констатують недоліки і прорахунки, дають певну інформативну складову роботи шкільних закладів у різних регіонах України.«Збірник наказів та інструкцій Міністерства освіти Української РСР» є важливим джерелом вивчення історії загальноосвітньої школи України періоду «перебудови». Його матеріали потребують критичного аналізу, адже радянські документи характеризуються ідеологічними наративами та акцентами на перевагах радянського будівництва, які домінували і в період лібералізаційних процесів «перебудови», особливо на початкових її етапах. Однак, вміщена у збірнику інформація відображає різні аспекти розвитку шкільноїосвіти, що в поєднанні з іншими видами джерел дозволить досліднику об’єктивно і неупереджено проаналізувати указану тему.
ОСНОВНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ КНИГОВИДАННЯ ТА КНИГОРОЗПОВСЮДЖЕННЯ В УКРАЇНІ В 90-І РР. ХХ СТ.
Authors: Молоткіна Валентина , Хмельницька Людмила , Молоткіна Юлія
Published: June 2024

У статті проаналізовано особливості функціонування видавництв в Україні в умовах розпаду старої видавничої системи, визначено культурні, економічні та правові чинники, які вплинули на розвиток книговидання та книгорозповсюдження в Україні у 1990-х роках. Встановлено, що після проголошення незалежності України в 1991 році замість державної монополії на друк і книговидання почала формуватися система видавництв різних форм власності, вільних від ідеологічного тиску. Поряд з державними видавництвами з’явилися численні приватні та кооперативні книговидавничі структури. Однак через припинення державного фінансування та планових закупівель продукції найбільших державних видавництв тиражі книжок різко впали, а більшість державних видавництв опинилися на межі банкрутства. Основною причиною занепаду книговидання в Україні на початку 1990-х років стала відсутність належних соціально-економічних умов, які б сприяли формуванню помірнихцін на книги та зробили їх доступними для широких верств населення, гіперінфляція та різке падіння купівельної спроможності населення.Зниження фінансових можливостей поліграфічних підприємств, у свою чергу, сповільнило впровадження нових технологічних розробок, що призвело до морального та фізичного старіння поліграфічного обладнання і, як наслідок, низької естетичної та поліграфічної якості видань. Спостерігалася стагнація вітчизняної видавничої галузі, її неспроможність виконувати покладені на неї функції, неефективність національного законодавства, небажання влади зосередити увагу на існуючих проблемах галузі, розробити і, головне, реалізувати стратегічний комплекс заходів, який би не лише зупинив негативні тенденції, а й забезпечив швидке, динамічне, якісне та кількісне зростання вітчизняної видавничої продукції, задоволення культурно-освітніх потреб суспільства, захист національного інформаційного простору, конкурентоспроможність вітчизняної книги на світовому книжковому ринку. Також помічався вкрай низький рівень суспільного інтересу до цих питань. Нехтування безпековим виміром гуманітарної політики та надмірна віра в ефективність ринкових механізмів у 1990-х роках призвели до руйнування системи книгорозповсюдження, яку незалежна Україна успадкувала від УРСР. Оскільки книжкова продукція не могла конкурувати з іншими товарами в процесі продажу, місцева влада почала перепрофілювати книгарні та виселяти їхній персонал з приміщень. Така політика призвела до значного скорочення кількості книгарень. Безумовно, все це негативно позначилося на національному культурному просторі, адже мільйони українців майже втратили можливість купувати українську книжку.