bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Techno-economic analysis of furfural purification process from hydrothermal hydrolysis products of oil palm empty fruit bunches using distillation and extraction methods
Authors: Suyuditomo G , Karimah I , Harahap A F P , Ramadhan M Y A , Panjaitan J R H , Sahlan M , Hermansyah H , Gozan M
Published: May 2021

Furfural is a high-selling compound produced from cellulose and hemicellulose conversion, and the level of demand in Indonesia is still high. This research examines the economic process design and calculation of furfural production made from TKS by varying the purification method with the distillation method and the toluene extraction method using SuperPro Designer 9.5 software. Furfural purification uses two methods, namely furfural purification using toluene extraction scheme and distillation scheme. Two plant location recommendations can be chosen based on the factory’s location close to the buyer, namely in Cilacap, and the plant’s location close to the supplier, namely Banten. Based on the economic calculation results, the toluene extraction purification scheme with an IRR value of 26.02% is more profitable even though its purity is 99.95% compared to the distillation purification scheme with an IRR of 25.86% even though its purity reaches 99.96%. The two recommendations for the location of the calculation of the economic payback period owned by the two locations almost the same. Cilacap, which has an NPV value of 89,739,000 $, is more profitable than Banten, which has an NPV value of 87,430,000 $.
A review on column CO2 fractionation methods from fish oil to omega-3, 6 and 9
Authors: Koto Arsat , Hambali Erliza , Suryani Ani
Published: May 2021

Commercial interest in getting polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrates, especially omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) was increasing. Unsaturated fatty acids could prevent cardiovascular disease and improved cognitive function of the brain. Fish oil was the main source of fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty acids. The content of omega-3 fatty acids (24%), omega-6 (5.37%) and omega-9 (12.6%) fish oil were quite high. Fish oil concentrate was needed in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Degradation of thermolabile compounds cannot be avoided in conventional separation methods. Some conventional oil separation methods had weaknesses and strengths. Column chromatography: the concentrate was very difficult to separate so it required a lot of solvents; distillation: low oil yield due to a lot of yawning; centrifugation: the results were heterogeneous; membrane: easy to plug; using solvents: low cost, technology exists, could be at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the results were homogeneous. The choice of solvent determined the level of yield and safety. CO2 as a solvent was non-polar, non-toxic, volatile, high diffusivity, low surface tension, low viscosity, good extract degradation, low critical temperature, (31 °C), could prevent thermal degradation, fast, cheap and efficient.
Magnetic properties of silicon dioxide from rice straw
Authors: Har Nazopatul P. , Irmansyah  , Irzaman
Published: May 2021

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) from rice straw is one of the alternatives used to replace silicon dioxide from natural minerals. In this study, an analysis related to the magnetic properties. The method is carried out by measuring the sample of silicon dioxide that has been extracted from rice straw with varying concentration of HCl (3%, 5%, 7%) using an LCR-meter. Analysis of the electrical and magnetic properties of silicon dioxide using LCR-meter with a frequency range of 50Hz – 5MHz, alternating current voltage of 1V, and alternating current of 50 mA, data collection points 200 point for 7 min (420 sec), the average time is 2.1 sec per data. The results of the analysis of magnetic properties showed that the value of Vicinity Magnetic Induction (VMI) calculated on silicon dioxide samples from rice straw with order 10−5-10−4 tesla and magnetic flux values was calculated on samples with order 102-104 Wb on all variations of HCl concentrations. Application of magnetic properties in the form of Vicinity Magnetic Induction (VMI) and magnetic flux of silicon dioxide from rice straw is the forerunner as a magnetic sensor.
Investigation of Biodegradable Bacteria as Bio indicators of the Presence of PAHs Contaminants in Marine Waters in the Marine Tourism Area of Makassar City
Authors: Marzuki I , Ali M Y , Syarif H U , Erniati  , Gusty S , Ritnawati  , Daris L , Nisaa K
Published: May 2021

The activities of the petroleum processing industry and marine transportation potentially cause of hydrocarbon pollution. It is assumed that every water area exposed to hydrocarbons also found bacterial species that have biodegradation properties against PAH contaminants. This study aims to analyze the relationship between biodegradable bacteria and the status of marine waters exposed to hydrocarbons. The method of analyzing the type of PAH contaminants for each seawater and sponge samples were processed at 4 different points using GC-MS, the same sample was also carried out isolation, characterization and activity test of bacterial isolates against naphthalene and pyrene type PAH. The analysis showed that the four samples of seawater were contaminated with hydrocarbons. The type of hydrocarbons found in each sample is different and the concentration value varies. The types of bacteria identified in seawater and sponge samples also varied. There were 8 types of isolates selected, each one isolate per sample, all of which showed biodegradation activity against hydrocarbon contaminants, while the order of aromatic contamination levels at the four sampling points Sp. 1 > Sp.2 > Sp.3 > Sp.4. These results indicate that the presence of biodegradable bacteria in water areas can be a bio-indicator for the presence of PAH pollutants.
Seaweed-Associated Fungi from Sepanjang Beach, GunungKidul, Yogyakarta as Potential Source of Marine Polysaccharides-Degrading Enzymes
Authors: Hutapea N E B , Sibero M T , Ayuningtyas E P , Frederick E H , Wijayanti D P , Sabdono A , Pringgenies D , Radjasa O K , Zilda D S , Murwani R
Published: May 2021

Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and red algae (Rhodophyta) are a group of seaweed that scattered all over the ocean. In addition, previous studies have reported the biotechnological potential of its associated fungi. However, there are only a few studies related to the extracellular enzyme of seaweed-associated fungi. The purposes of this research were to isolated brown algae and red algae associated fungi from Sepanjang Beach, GunungKidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and screen its enzyme production. Padina sp., Asparagopsis sp., and Chondrophycussp. were collected from Sepanjang Beach, GunungKidul, Yogyakarta. Swab tap method on PDA medium and STD medium was conducted to isolate seaweed-associated fungi, while starch agar medium, agar medium, alginate agar medium, and carrageenan agar medium, was utilized to screen the enzyme activity with addition of povidone-iodine 10% reagent. The presence of clear zone around the colony indicated enzyme.
The Important Role of Gravel and Rocky Beach as A Natural Stable Form of Shore Defense in Southern Garut, West Java
Authors: Helfinalis  , Witasari Y
Published: May 2021

Tectonic processes and high energy waves, tidal phases, generally formed the coasts of southern Java. The grain size of the beach is generally gravel, and large stones. Some pristine beaches consist of pebbly, rocky, sandy beaches or a mixture of sand, gravel, and rocks / boulders. Steep gravel beaches are always associated with coastal erosion. On the other hand, a beach with pebbles and boulders can be a stable natural defense. This location is a preservation of various fossil markers of sea level change and also as a habitat for marine life. A study on geomorphology and sediment types was carried out around the coast of Pameungpeuk, South West Java in May 2016. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the importance of gravel beaches as natural protection in maintaining stability of coastal habitats and as a barrier from high waves. On the other hand, sandy beaches are highly susceptible to erosion. Exposure to gravel and boulders in front of the beach can act as a barrier to erosion from the beating of waves. Pameumpeuk beach and its surroundings are also a habitat for lobsters because many rock structures are found with holes and their position behind the rock barrier as natural protection.
Coastal Buffer Zone Management in Banten Province Coastal Region During The December 2018 Tsunami Waves in The Sunda Strait
Authors: Daulat A , Solihuddin T , Salim H L , Heriati A , Husrin S , Ramdhan M , Purbani D
Published: May 2021

Natural disasters in coastal areas and small islands in Indonesia occurred several times in the last decade. Banten Province coastal region was directly affected by the tsunami waves last December 2018 due to the Anak Krakatau Volcano’s activities, covering Pandeglang and Serang Regencies. Regional and spatial planning in a coastal buffer zone is mandated by laws and regulations, both central and local, but still sometimes neglected. The spatial analysis was carried out by identifying land use/cover in Banten Province coastal area using high and medium resolution images acquired from the Google Earth website. The results of the land use/cover map observations, which validated with field data, showed that the built-up area from the tourism sector in the form of buildings, facilities, and infrastructures dominate the coastal buffer zone, both in Pandeglang and Serang Regencies, especially in Anyer District (22.3 ha), Carita District (10.7 ha), and Cinangka District (7.2 ha). Moreover, human settlements and supporting public facilities also contribute and dominate the built-up area on the coastal buffer zone in Panimbang District (15.8 ha) and Sumur District (6.4 ha). Implementation of a coastal buffer zone in a vulnerable area such as Banten Province should be evaluated to minimize the impact in the future.
The Effect of ENSO and IOD on The Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Rainfall in The Natuna Sea
Authors: Puryajati A D , Wirasatriya A , Maslukah L , Sugianto D N , Ramdani F , Jalil A R , Andrawina Y O
Published: May 2021

The Natuna Sea is located at the northwestern part of Indonesia. Previous studies had showed that ENSO has a stronger impact on SST than chlorophyll-a. According to several studies, Indonesian oceans are heavily impacted by IOD. This study uses SST data with high-resolution satellite imagery (MODIS and Pathfinder) and rainfall and wind data from the Reanalysis Model (ERA-5) which is processed using a composite method and correlation grid. This research results, when La-Niña negative IOD SST will decrease 1°C and rainfall rises 7 mm/day while when El-Niño IOD positive SST will increase by 1°C while in rainfall will decrease by 3 mm/day. The variation of SST and rainfall is more influenced by ENSO than IOD.
Food Habits and Ecological Niche of Silver Barp Fish (Barbonymus gonionotus) in Jatibarang Reservoir, Semarang
Authors: Ain C , Rudiyanti S , Isroliyah A
Published: May 2021

Research about biological characteristics of fish is important to support the conservation of fish resources. The fish population in the Jatibarang Reservoir includes Tilapia, Milkfish, Koan, Red Devil, and Silver Barp Fish (local name is tawes). The aims of this research was to study the abundance of plankton and determine the food habits of Silver Barp (Barbonymus gonionotus), such as Index of Preponderance (IP), proportion of food type (Pi) and ecological niche. it can be used as a management reference to maintened tawes, which is native to the waters of the Jatibarag Reservoir. This research was conducted by taking samples of Silver Barp using gillnet and hook fishing gear. Samples were taken in July and November 2020. The results showed that Chlorophycea is the main food for tawes fish (IP value 52.34%). The phytoplankton in the waters of the Jatibarang Reservoir has abundance of 4200 ind / L with the highest abundance is Chlorophyceae with value of 1780 ind / L (42.38%). Based on the results, Tawes chose food from the Cyanopyceae, Dinophyceae and Zygnematophyceae classes however Dictyochophyceae were not found in the digestive contents of the Tawes. The area of the Tawes niche (Bi) was 2,825, with the largest Pi originating from Chlorophyceae plankton while the smallest Pi is from the class Dictyochophyceae and Fragilariophyceae with a value of 0. (Bi) index is to compare the area of the niche with other fish in a habitat, the higher this value means the wider the type of feed.
The Potential and Application of Eucheuma sp. for Solid Soap: A Review
Authors: Wahyuni T
Published: May 2021

Soap is a daily necessity for cleaning the body and face. There are many types of soap products on the market that soap is containing Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) / Sodium Laureth Sulphate (SLES) and SLS / SLES free soap. Mostly, mass-produced soap (cosmetic industry) and home industry use additives by utilizing the potential of natural resources from terrestrial and marine. This paper is a review on the potential of marine resource that is Eucheuma sp. for solid soap, especially SLS / SLES free solid soap. The results of several research of soap formulation using seaweed as raw materials have been done that were extraction of Eucheuma sp. using maceration method by alcohol compounds solvent and water solvent. This review article is expected to be a reference for researcher and algae soap entrepreneurs in determining their formulation by paying attention to methods that are environmentally friendly and easy to adopt.
Characteristics of the Encapsulated Unsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrate of Catfish Oil (Pangasius sp.)
Authors: Hastarini E , Khamidah S Z , Fardiaz D , Budijanto S
Published: May 2021

Concentrated unsaturated fatty acids are processed from refined catfish oil extracted from belly meat which is the byproduct of the industry processing pangasius fillets. This belly part contains high enough fat which can be used as a source of essential fatty acids. This essential fatty acid is useful for human health and can reduce the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of the encapsulated concentrated unsaturated fatty acids that have been produced. This study used a combination of coatings (maltodextrin and sodium caseinate; 9:1, 8:2, 7:3) with a ratio of unsaturated fatty acid concentrate with coating 1:5. The physicochemical characteristics analyzed were microencapsulation efficiency, dried encapsulated yield, emulsion viscosity, wettability, water solubility, morphology (SEM) and hygroscopicity. Based on the results of the study show that the ratio of 9:1 is the most optimal comparison in this study which have the lowest emulsion viscosity 12.60 cP with the efficiency of microencapsulation of 40.91% and the dried encapsulated yield of 47.82%
Integration of Traditional Shipping in the Marine Toll of Indonesia: Determining the Priority and Management Strategy
Authors: Prasetiawan A , Zainuri M , Winarno  , Wijayanto D
Published: May 2021

Analysis of the bargaining position of traditional shipping in its integration to the marine toll in Tanjung Emas Port of Semarang should be carried out to evaluate its appropriateness. This research was aimed to identify the internal (strength, weakness) and external (opportunity, threat) factors concerning the integration of traditional shipping into the marine toll, as well as to determine the priority of supporting aspects of improvements. The research was carried out through interviews with some experts. Data analysis was carried out using SWOT and AHP. The research identified 12 internal and 12 external factors related to the integration of traditional shipping business in Tanjung Emas Port of Semarang. SWOT analysis showed that traditional shipping has a strong and opportunistic position with an index position of +0.16; +1.79. AHP analysis showed that policy support is the most important aspect of the integration of traditional shipping into the marine toll, followed by competitiveness and market insurance. According to the result, the policy may have a larger implication on the factors affecting the strength and opportunity of traditional shipping in its integration to the marine toll.
Astrogorgia sp. from Saparua, Maluku: Phytochemical Content, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Properties
Authors: Sibero M T , Zilda D S , Haryanti D , Igarashi Y
Published: May 2021

Gorgonian is one of marine invertebrates that is still underexplored as a source of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to discover the biological properties of Astrogorgia sp. and its phytochemical content. A consecutive extraction method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol was conducted to obtain secondary metabolites from the sample. Antimicrobial assay was performed against ESBL E. coli, MRSA, C. albicans, and M. furfur; cytotoxicity against P388 Murine Leukaemia Cancer Cells, antioxidant was tested using DPPH method. The consecutive extraction method gave yield (%) as follows: 0.21 ± 0.22 from n-hexane; 0.67 ± 0.17 from acetyl acetate; and 1.20 ± 0.50 from methanol. All fractions gave positive results on antibacterial assay against all pathogens while only gave antifungal activity against C. albicans. Methanol fraction had the highest antioxidant activity, while n-hexane fraction showed the best cytotoxicity.
Study and quality evaluation of candy prepared by using bottle gourd
Authors: Ahmad M D , Ahmad I
Published: May 2021

Bottle Gourd (lagneria siceraria) is having a variety of uses throughout world. Recently the interest in bottle gourd has been growing amongst consumers because it contains several nutritive and medicinal constituents which are required for good health and wellbeing. The nutritive value of bottle gourd makes it a popular diet ingredient in making sweet curries, soups, jams, juices, beverages, cakes, for value addition. Keeping in view its nutritional and therapeutic values, bottle gourd candy was prepared by incorporating (65, 70 and 75 °Brix) of sugar syrup into them. Product quality was evaluated based on physicochemical (moisture, ash, pH, TSS, browning index), characteristics of the samples. It was studied that the physicochemical attributes of the bottle gourd candy samples were improved by adding the sugar syrup as compared to with control which is 2% CaCl2 treatment. There was increased ash content, reduction in moisture content and browning index due to the sugar syrup incorporation. On 28th day the moisture content of the of the bottle gourd candy sample with (65, 70 and 75 °Brix) concentration was 7.49, 7.19 and 7.07 % respectively. The ash contents of the bottle gourd candy samples were found 0.385, 0.506, and 0.590 % respectively on 28th day and pH were 3.82, 3.89 and 3.49 respectively at the end of storage. The products were found to be safe for consumption and was in pristine state even after 28 days. Hence the study suggests the uses of bottle gourd candy for taste and health benefits.
Fatty acid profile of meat goats fed pre-treated oil palm frond
Authors: Rusli N D , Mat K , Hasnita C H , Rahman M M , Yusof M T , Zamri-Saad M , Hassim H A
Published: May 2021

The main factor affecting the fatty acid (FA) profile of ruminant-derived products is diet composition. In order to determine the effect of pre-treated oil palm frond (OPF) on FA profiles of muscle tissues and subcutaneous fat, twenty crossbred male Boer goats were used for the animal feed trial. Five treatment diets were dietary control consisted of Napier grass (CON); Napier grass with non-treated OPF (NON); Napier grass and physically pre-treated OPF (PHY); Napier grass and biologically pre-treated OPF (BIO) and Napier grass and combined pre-treated OPF (COM). All groups were supplemented with 30% commercial goat pellet. The animals were slaughtered for sampling meat tissues after 130 days of feeding. The saturated fatty acid (SFA) (% of the total in FA) thelongissimus dorsimuscle and subcutaneous fat of the CON group were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the pre-treated OPF groups, but no significant difference inbiceps femorismuscle. Inbiceps femoris, stearic acid (C18:0) was higher in CON and NON groups than PHY, BIO and COM (p<0.001). Inlongissimus dorsi, C18:0 was found higher in NON (p<0.05), while in subcutaneous fat, C16:0 was found higher in CON and NON groups. For UFA,biceps femoris,longissimus dorsiand subcutaneous fat had higher UFA in BIO and COM groups (p<0.05). In addition, biological and combination pretreatments of OPF increased the PUFA: SFA ratio significantly compared with CON, NON and PHY groups (p<0.05). This finding suggested that biological pretreatment with enzyme extract fromGanoderma lucidumeffectively enhances the nutritional value of OPF promoting the UFA in meat.
Effects of dietary acculturation to Malaysian who migrate to the region of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abu Bakar I
Published: May 2021

Migration is a global phenomenon in modern world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary acculturation to Malaysians who migrate to the region of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia compared to their traditional dietary patterns in Malaysia. About 122 healthy Malaysians immigrating respondents were conveniently recruited for this study and their dietary patterns before and after migration were evaluated using specific self-administered questionnaire. All the data were then analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Windows program version 17.0. The results showed that the frequency of respondents who irregularly take their meals is increased from 9.8% (in Malaysia) to 41.8% (in Saudi Arabia). Before migration, about 95.1% to 98.4% of the respondents took their breakfast, lunch and dinner every day but after migration, only 52.5% to 86.9% of them took breakfast, lunch and dinner every day. All demographic factors which are; gender, marital status, age range, level of education, occupation in Saudi Arabia, length of stay in Saudi Arabia and factor of stay with whom in Saudi Arabia showed significant (P<0.05) effects on regularity of meals intake in Saudi Arabia. The study showed that Malaysian immigrants in Saudi Arabia affected with dietary acculturation.
Physicochemical properties of products and waste of black seed produced by cold press method
Authors: Barkah Nisa Nurmilati , Wiryawan Komang Gede , Retnani Yuli , Wibawan Wayan Teguh , Wina Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

Black seed or black cumin has the scientific name Nigella sativa (NS) is an herbal plant that is widely used to treat various diseases. The extraction of oil from NS seeds produces a byproduct called NS waste. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical properties of products and NS waste produced by the cold press method. Analysis of physical properties was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The thymoquinone test was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The moisture content of seed and NS waste were 6.21 and 7.91%, respectively. The crude protein content in NS seeds and waste reached 19.34 and 27.78% and crude fat contents were 23.99 and 16.93%. The TQ content in NS seeds, oil, and waste were 1680, 2701, and 350 ppm, respectively. Other active compounds in NS seeds are saponins, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and glycosides. Extraction rate of NS using cold press method is 34.46% and produces NS oil products and waste with the desired physicochemical properties, so the product can be used as material for the pharmaceutical purposes.
Screening of antagoinistic fluorescent Pseudomonads from rice rhizosphere for growth suppression of Magnaporthe oryzae and their molecular identification
Authors: Zihad M Z I , Sultana A , Tumpa F H , Chakraborty S , Khokon M A R
Published: May 2021

Isolation and identification of native fluorescent Pseudomonads from the rice rhizosphere were evaluated for their growth suppressing ability against blast disease of rice causing pathogen (Magnaporthe oryzae). Twenty strains of fluorescent Pseudomonads were isolated and identified initially based on their cultural and in vitro growth suppressing ability against M. oryzae. Among them BdPf-4, BdPf-8, BdPf-9 and BdPf-10 exhibited complete in vitro growth suppression (100%) against M. oryzae following dual culture in growth medium. Molecular identification of the antagonistic Pseudomonas fluorescens was done using 16S rDNA primers. Gel-electrophoresis of PCR products of all the isolates confirmed the fluorescent Pseudomonads showing band at 1500 bp. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced data revealed that BdPf-8 (MN256392.1), BdPf-9 (MN256393.1), BdPf-10 (MN256394.1) have 100% homology with Pseudomonas putida (MT184822.1) from India, Bacterium sp. (MK823484.1) from China, Pseudomonas sp. (KY324900.1) from Brazil respectively. Seed priming by different strains of P. fluorescens significantly increased vigor index of rice seedlings. The highest vigor index (2274.8) and (2211.6) which was 184.42% and 176.53% higher over control treatment was found in BdPf-16 (MN256399.1) and BdPf-10 (MN256394.1) respectively. These results revealed the possibility of potential use of some of the strains of native P. fluorescens for management of blast disease of rice.
Seed priming for increased seed germination and enhanced seedling vigor of winter rice
Authors: Anwar M P , Jahan R , Rahman M R , Islam A K M M , Uddin F M J
Published: May 2021

Low seed emergence rate, poor seedling growth and low survival rate of winter rice due to cold spell are very common in Bangladesh. Pre-sowing seed priming could be a viable approach to overcome this problem. A laboratory screening of different priming agents was conducted at the Agro Innovation Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University in November 2018. The experiment comprised two factors. Factor A includes five rice varieties, namely i) BRRI dhan28 ii) BRRI dhan29 iii) BRRI dhan36 iv) BRRI dhan55 and v) Hybrid SL-8H; factor B includes 22 seed priming methods comprised different concentrations of NaCl, KCl CaCl2, CuSO4, ZnSO4, Na2MoO4, PEG and control (no priming). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. A positive influence of seed priming on seed emergence rate (%), germination time, seedling vigor and seedling growth (length and dry matter) was evident from this study. Among the priming agents, KCl and CaCl2 performed best; while priming with NaCl, Na2MoO4 and PEG showed no advantages over no priming for germination rate and seedling vigor & growth indices. In conclusion, pre sowing seed priming approach can be explored as a viable tool for increased seed germination and better seedling growth of winter rice under stress condition.
Leveraging LoRaWAN technology for smart agricultural monitoring of Malaysian palm oil plantation
Authors: Anzum R , Naeem J
Published: May 2021

Palm oil is a vital cash crop in tropical Asia. Implementation of technology in palm oil industry not only increase production but also it reduces the plantation management cost significantly. Affordability of smart devices of the farm owners is the major concern behind not using technologies in production and process. There are a lot of technologies are being used in agriculture sectors to ease the manual labour with reduced cost. Study on the challenges faced by the plantation owners is needed to introduce new technological solutions for the plantation management in Malaysia. This article reviews some problems on technology-based monitoring. A qualitative research has been conducted to address the problems faced by the authority of Palm oil plantation. Based on the problem statement researcher introduced a conceptual study of LoRaWAN (Low power wide area network) embedded system suitable for low cost energy efficient Palm oil plantation monitoring. Installation of IoT based device will ensure smart monitoring as well as handling the agriculture activities of the Palm oil plantation with reduced manpower resources.
Effect of selected substrates and chitosan on growth performance of orchid tissue culture seedling under net house
Authors: Rahman W A A W A , Bakar T H S T A , Kayat F , Appalasamy S , Zakaria S
Published: May 2021

Orchids are considered as the most beautiful and significant cut blossom and pruned plants throughout the world. Therefore tissue culture technique was used as one of the alternative to mass propagate the orchids to fulfil the demand. This study was conducted to find out the effect of chitosan and different substrates on growth performance of Dendrobium Shavin White orchid seedling from tissue culture environment to net house. The tissue cultured plants went through prehardening stage to reduce mortality after the switch to ex vitro conditions. Five (5) treatments consist of combination substrates were tested which were T1: rice husk + chitosan, T2: peat moss + chitosan, T3: EFB + chitosan, T4: rice husk + peat moss + chitosan and T5: rice husk + peat moss + EFB + chitosan whereas charcoal as a control (T0). The result showed that the highest plant height and leaf length which did not significantly different were T3 (6.20cm plant height, 4.83cm leaf length), and T5 (6.55cm plant height, 4.51cm leaf length). Meanwhile, T3 was an effective for number of leaf production with 4.14 leaf count. Hence, this data will be used to acclimatize tissue cultured of Dendrobium Shavin White orchid for commercial used.
Relationship among yield and quality traits in Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. for biomass and food utilisation
Authors: Naharudin Nazatul Shima , Muhmmad Amirul Hakim , Zaini Amir Hariz
Published: May 2021

Fifteen genotypes of sorghum derived from four different sources of population were evaluated for quality and yield related components. The experiment was conducted at Field 10, Universiti Putra Malaysia in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance and genetic variation for eight yield and quality traits on selected genotypes sorghum, to estimate the phenotypic correlation between yield and yield related components in sorghum. Genotypes 1-3-5 and 1-4-4 were identified to have high yield for most of the biomass (904.0 g/plant and 880.7 g/plant respectively) and grain yield components (98.1 g and 88.97g respectively). Genotypes 1-1-1, 1-4-1 and 5-3-6 were found to have total soluble solid of more than 16%, which make them suitable for food purposes. Mean for all genotypes for all measured traits, together with the significant genotypic variance indicated substantial amount of genetic variability towards the improvement for fresh biomass weight, stem diameter and total soluble solid content. Biomass and grain yield traits namely plant height, fresh biomass yield, stem diameter and panicle weight indicated significant positive correlation. Thus, selection on any one of these traits will increase in the other traits, thereby improving biomass and grain yield in sorghum for mentioned purpose.
Waste water of various boiled legumes as potential of radical scavenging agents
Authors: Abdul Wahab I R , Mong J Q
Published: May 2021

Peanut, soybean and chickpea important source of macronutrients and considered as important foodstuff in Malaysia. Boiled legumes are usually sold on by hawker on street. The water used for boiling the legumes is commonly thrown away without considering the radical scavenging potential of this so-called waste. Besides, there is lacking of awareness among the public about its nutritional benefits as part of sustainable food production aimed towards food security and nutrition. Furthermore, food antioxidants might play a significant role as physiological and dietary antioxidants which also could be a substitute for synthetic antioxidants and preservatives. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the radical scavenging activity of the waste water from the three types of boiled legumes. The legumes were boiled in hot water and the waste water were collected. In this study, the waste water is converted into powder by means of freeze-drying technique. Radical scavenging activity was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while its phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. The waste water of peanut showed the highest percentage of DPPH inhibition at 85.03±6.91%, followed by chickpea and soybean waste water at 79.89±3.69% and 69.10±6.19%, respectively. Furthermore, the waste water of peanut also showed the lowest IC50 value of 0.503±0.05 mg/mL, followed by soybean and chickpea of 0.554 ±0.01 mg/mL and 0.697±0.04 mg/mL. On a side note, peanut waste water extract showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents which are 1.877±0.36 mg GAE/g and 0.736±0.01 mg CE/g, respectively, whereas chickpea showed the lowest content of both which are 0.519±0.01 mg GAE/g and 0.227±0.01 mg CE/g, respectively. As conclusion, the waste water of boiled legumes is worth to be further investigated on their radical scavenging activity using other assays and could be potentially developed into functional foods.
Carotenoids, phenolics and antioxidant properties of different sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) varieties
Authors: Ooi S F , Sukri S A M , Zakaria N N A , Harith Z T
Published: May 2021

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the most important tuber crops for fresh consumption in Malaysia. However, it is not fully utilized with an approximately 30 % of the whole part sweet potato especially its skin is disposed upon consumption. Sweet potato contains abundant of valuable compounds such as carotenoids and phenolics with pharmaceutical values. This research was conducted to extract, quantify and determine the carotenoids, phenolics and antioxidant activity of skin and flesh from varieties of sweet potatoes. Extraction using acetone was carried out due to its ability to dissolve both polar and non-polar substances. Results exhibited that orange flesh sweet potato consisted of the highest total carotenoid content (187.88 ± 3.27 µg/g) while purple flesh comprised the highest total phenolic content (96.00 ± 1.3 mgGAE/g). Dark purple skin sweet potato was determined to exhibit the highest antioxidant activity (93.21 ± 1.33 %) when compared to others. Sweet potato particularly its skins could be utilised for value-added purposes such as food fortification, food additives, and animal feed enhancers instead of wasting them. Environmental problems due to food waste accumulation could be greatly reduced and data obtained could aid in future research.
Chemical analysis of compost using pineapple leaves and cow dung as bio-activator
Authors: Fodzilah Nurdini I. M. , Nor Maryana Mohamad , Kayat Fatimah Binti , Abu Bakar Tengku Halimatun Sa’adiah T. , Zakaria Suhana , Sidik Nik M. , Redwan Raimi M.
Published: May 2021

The number of area planted with pineapple at Malaysia is now increasing, especially after the fruit was recognized as one of the key crop under National Key Economic Area (NKEA). In practice, the pineapple plant remains only for one round of harvest cycle. After the fruit harvest, the leaves is usually pruned in order to stimulate the growth of suckers for the subsequent planting cycle. The pineapple leaves contained immense potential to be developed into products such as compost. In this study, the pineapple leaves were developed into compost by using the cow dung as the bio-activator and its chemical composition was then compared with the commercial organic fertiliser by using the proximate analysis. The composting process was performed in a styrofoam box and the decomposition process took 24 days for the compost to reach the constant ambient temperature at around 35°C. At the end of the composting, the pile turned to darker black colour, and has inert earthy odour. The result showed that the compost produced using the pineapple leaves with the cow dung has 2.86% nitrogen content, 0.93% ash content, and 33.47 moisture level. These values are significantly lower in comparison to the commercial organic compost. The study signified the potential of the pineapple leaves to be developed into compost to improve the soil condition. Nevertheless, the method and its composition need to be expanded in order to improve its elements availabilities suitable as organic compost.
Estimation of consumer’s willingness to pay for biodegradable food container in Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Authors: Shean C W , Abas M A , Hambali K A , Abdul Karim M F , Ismail L , Hassin N H
Published: May 2021

Rapid rising population and regional urbanisation in Malaysia has led to rising demand and a more convenient disposable way of non-biodegradable food containers. The amount of mismanaged plastic waste in Malaysia keep increasing every year. This study is conducted to identify the consumers’ willingness to pay for biodegradable food containers in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. This study employed a simple random sampling method, and 270 respondents have participated in a face-to-face interview technique. The Contingent Valuation Method was used to estimate the consumers’ willingness to pay for biodegradable food container products. The study has found that the three factors, age, marital status, and monthly household income, influence their willingness to pay for biodegradable food containers. The result indicates that the consumers in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, are willing to pay RM0.78 for every biodegradable food container, which is 28 cents more than the current rate. The finding can become a guide or tool for improving biodegradable food containers and reducing non-biodegradable food containers’ usage to create a better living environment.
Willingness to carbon offset: value of malaysian air travellers’ experience, general and specific environmental knowledge
Authors: Shaari N F , Abdul Samad A R , Mohammad Afandi S H , Mohamad A
Published: May 2021

Greenhouse gas emissions from the aviation sector contribute significantly to global warming. Air transportation contributed 4% to 9% of total CO2 emissions in Malaysia. Several approach have been done by aviation industries in Malaysia to reduce carbon emissions from airlines, but still unsuccessful to implement carbon offset program. This study investigated experience, understanding of carbon offsets and the information passengers have concerning environmental issues and the ability to evaluate and understand impact on society and the environment among Malaysian airlines passengers. A descriptive statistics is reported as data collected from 407 Malaysian airlines passengers. The result shows only 1.5% of passengers experienced bought carbon offset schemes in past flight, more than 83% are knowledgeable with environment knowledge and more than 75.7% enlightened with understanding of carbon offsets. The finding obtained will help in providing insightful understanding about Malaysian airlines passengers’ acceptance on carbon offsets and willingness to contribute with carbon offsetting.
The contribution of forests on food security and rural poverty: A current status in Johor
Authors: Abdullah M , Mohd Parid M , Faten Naseha T H
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the issue between forest resources, food security and rural poverty has emerged and globally become a fundamental problem. Forests provide food, fodder and fuel, and somehow the forest goods and services itself provide a means of earning income, especially in rural communities. In understanding the contribution of forests to food security, it is essential to look at the current socioeconomic status of the rural communities especially forest-dependent communities and determine the linkages between them. Therefore, a 2020 study was conducted to analyse the contribution of forests and its related activities to food security and rural poverty within rural households including indigenous people. The study employed rapid rural appraisal and socioeconomic survey on the rural households live within and the adjacent of forest specifically Permanent Reserved Forest. Generally, this study was conducted throughout Peninsular Malaysia. However, this paper only focuses on the state of Johor as an example for this study. A case study in Johor found that forests and its resources provided significant contribution on food security and rural poverty. Where, it contributes up to 21.5% of monthly cash income of rural communities and if there is no income generated from the forests the poverty incidence of these communities will increase up to 13.7% from current incidence.
Vernacular Architecture: Typology, Heritage, and Cultural Tourism
Authors: Palupi Safira , Hardiilla Dini , Nugroho Agung Cahyo
Published: May 2021

Vernacular architecture as a part of cultural heritage and could be one of cultural tourism has own social environment characteristics that indirectly affects the shape of building typology, including Wana Village. Wana is a traditional village, which is asset belonging to the Melinting tribe, one of the oldest tribes in Lampung and a part of the cultural tourism destinations in East Lampung. There are several factors that influence the typology of buildings in Wana Village including the varied transformation of multi-ethnic communities-Palembang, Lampung and Banten; politics, economy and culture. However, in recent years vernacular architecture in Wana has been forgotten by local community. Because the number of vernacular buildings left in this village is reduced, we intend to study the building typology, as an effort to re-interpret the cultural heritage, which can later be earmarked as a cultural tourism destination. With present paper we aim to collect typology data, asset values and the development of vernacular architecture in Wana through digital photography and making techniques and schematic maps.
Souw Beng Kong’s Tomb: Transformation of a Green Chinese Cemetery Area to a Present Dense Area
Authors: Raksaperdana Ikrar , Kurniawan Kemas Ridwan
Published: May 2021

In 1644, Souw Beng Kong lay on his final rest, in a burial site on the middle of a coconut plantation site in Mangga Dua. A portrait of a green cemetery area in the heart of Batavia, which cannot be found anymore. Despite the preservation act, Souw Beng Kong’s tomb is now located in a very narrow space amid the overcrowded area. This paper seeks to explore the Souw Beng Kong’s Tomb historical value, which categorized as one of Jakarta’s urban heritage, in an aim to generate more understanding of a place, mainly the green cemetery site on the past and to trace the change of place, with a main question on how was the transformation of place occurred on the site of Souw Beng Kong’s Tomb? How the site was treated on each era (colonial and post-colonial)? What was the socio-political occurrence that triggers the contrasting change of the place? In processing data, beside using the content analysis method, the interpretation will be processed using Fumihiko Maki (2018) approach on reading the urban morphological changes that includes observation on morphological and microtopography, community culture, and site-specific basic principles.
Impact of Urban Density on the Outdoor Thermal Comfort Case Study: Yogyakarta Tugu Station Area, TOD Based Planning
Authors: Widiyannita Efrita Nur , Hariyadi Agus , Syafii Nedyomukti Imam
Published: May 2021

TOD neighborhood actually experiences a significantly higher UHI increase compared to the non-TOD area. One of the factors that affects is high density where it has an impact on the outdoor thermal discomfort. Yogyakarta Tugu Station area which has outdoor thermal discomfort will be planned to be a TOD neighborhood. An increase in density according to the TOD principle will allow the thermal comfort condition to decrease. The purpose of this study is to find the optimal urban density value for the outdoor thermal comfort.

This research method uses simulation with Envi MET 3.1 software that aims to test the effect of urban density with variables such as BCR, FAR, and urban morphology on climatic factors (air temperature Ta, mean radiation temperature Tmrt, relative humidity RH). A parametric study was conducted on interactions between urban density and microclimate.

The results of this study will find the optimal value of each building density variable that increases the value of outdoor thermal comfort. These values can be used by the Yogyakarta City Government as a reference for the development of TOD in the Yogyakarta Tugu Station area.
Place attachment in the context of displacement and Rusunawa in Jakarta
Authors: Afriyanti Risma , Prakoso Susinety , Srinaga Felia
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses an issue related to place attachment in the context of public housing and displacement. It takes the case studies of Rusunawa in Jakarta, a rent-based vertical public housing built by the government. The residents are predominantly low-income people who were evicted from urban slums and were relocated to Rusunawa. Although relocation was intended to improve the quality of the resident’s living environment, however, there are still less well explored on how displacement may complicate the residents’ attachment to Rusunawa. This study developed a survey to measure functional attachment and emotional attachment using 32 scale items. The survey was tested on a random sample of residents from Rusunawa Pulogebang (n=40) and Rusunawa Marunda (n=40). The preliminary results indicated that Rusunawa Marunda displayed a higher level of place attachment than Rusunawa Pulogebang. This study found that physical and environmental features of Rusunawa Marunda, such as gardens, cleanliness and upkeep environment, and social greetings ‘Salam MarHa Mas’ are among the physical-environmental and social predictors that contribute to the higher level of place attachment. This study may have implications that the understanding of place attachments theory should be more reflective into the future planning and design of Rusunawa.
A review of energy use in a sustainable city model
Authors: Amelia Nadia Nur , Kusumawanto Arif
Published: May 2021

Energy has an important role in human life so it must be considered in its use. Its use is found in all sectors, namely transportation, industry and buildings. If energy usage is uncontrolled, the main problem that occurs is global warming which will damage the environment. Therefore, development planning in all sectors applies the concept of sustainable energy efficiency, especially for buildings and urban development. The efficient use of energy can minimize environmental damage and improve prosperity so that the results obtained in an environment are maximized. The Urban Modelling Interface is used as a simulation tool to find out energy use from the environment and cities. This paper provides not only a review of the literature on energy operations in sustainable development through the use of systems of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning but also an evaluation related to factors that influence energy use and its standards in Indonesia. This research is expected to make a contribution related to the use of energy in city development.
Urban River Landscape Factors Impact On Urban Microclimate In Tropical Region
Authors: Febrita Yuswinda , Ekasiwi Sri Nastiti N. , Antaryama Gusti Ngurah I.
Published: May 2021

Urban rivers are used by architects and urban planners to control urban temperatures. Body of water is an important factor to lower the temperature in the Urban Heat Island in the tropics. Previous researches have shown that temperature near a body of water 1 to 2 ° C lower than the surrounding area during the day. Water bodies also have to ventilation cooling by wind flow. Evaporation from a body of water helps in lowering temperature, but contributes to humidity. In this case, the study aims to determine the influence of each factor of urban river landscape of the urban microclimate through literature review. The results showed that the presence of the composition and configuration of urban river landscapes (orientation of the region, building placement patterns, vegetation placement patterns, and the ratio of building height to street width (H/W) have an effect on the displacement of the cooling effect from urban rivers to the surrounding area. Design considerations Urban river landscapes are needed to maximize the benefits of river cooling.