bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Tan et al. Dinitrosopiperazine-Mediated Phosphorylated-Proteins Are Involved in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Metastasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 20054–20071
Authors:   International Journal of Molecular Sciences Editorial Office
Published: November 2020

The journal retracts the article, Dinitrosopiperazine-Mediated Phosphorylated-Proteins Are Involved in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Metastasis [...]
Exploring the Potential Use of a PBMC-Based Functional Assay to Identify Predictive Biomarkers for Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy
Authors: Bacot Silvia M. , Harper Taylor A. , Matthews Rebecca L. , Fennell Christie Jane , Akue Adovi , KuKuruga Mark A. , Lee Shiowjen , Wang Tao , Feldman Gerald M.
Published: November 2020

The absence of reliable, robust, and non-invasive biomarkers for anti- Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy is an urgent unmet medical need for the treatment of cancer patients. No predictive biomarkers have been established based on the direct assessment of T cell functions, the primary mechanism of action of anti-PD-1 therapy. In this study, we established a model system to test T cell functions modulated by Nivolumab using anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and characterized T cell functions primarily based on the knowledge gained from retrospective observations of patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. During a comprehensive cytokine profile assessment to identify potential biomarkers, we found that Nivolumab increases expression of T helper type 1 (Th1) associated cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in a subset of donors. Furthermore, Nivolumab increases production of Th2, Th9, and Th17 associated cytokines, as well as many proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 in a subset of donors. Conversely, Nivolumab treatment has no impact on T cell proliferation, expression of CD25, CD69, or Granzyme B, and only modestly increases in the expansion of regulatory T cells. Our results suggest that assessment of cytokine production using a simple PBMC-based T cell functional assay could be used as a potential predictive marker for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
Conifer-Derived Metallic Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biological Applications
Authors: Bhardwaj Kanchan , Dhanjal Daljeet Singh , Sharma Anirudh , Nepovimova Eugenie , Kalia Anu , Thakur Shabnam , Bhardwaj Sonali , Chopra Chirag , Singh Reena , Verma Rachna , Kumar Dinesh , Bhardwaj Prerna , Kuča Kamil
Published: November 2020

The use of metallic nanoparticles in engineering and biomedicine disciplines has gained considerable attention. Scientists are exploring new synthesis protocols of these substances considering their small size and lucrative antimicrobial potential. Among the most economical techniques of synthesis of metallic nanoparticles via chemical routes, which includes the use of chemicals as metal reducing agents, is considered to generate nanoparticles possessing toxicity and biological risk. This limitation of chemically synthesized nanoparticles has engendered the exploration for the ecofriendly synthesis process. Biological or green synthesis approaches have emerged as an effective solution to address the limitations of conventionally synthesized nanoparticles. Nanoparticles synthesized via biological entities obtained from plant extracts exhibit superior effect in comparison to chemical methods. Recently, conifer extracts have been found to be effective in synthesizing metallic nanoparticles through a highly regulated process. The current review highlights the importance of conifers and its extracts in synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. It also discusses the different applications of the conifer extract mediated metallic nanoparticles.
Photo-Realistic Interactive Virtual Environments for Neurorehabilitation in Mild Cognitive Impairment (NeuroVRehab.PT): A Participatory Design and Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Ferreira-Brito Filipa , Alves Sérgio , Santos Osvaldo , Guerreiro Tiago , Caneiras Cátia , Carriço Luís , Verdelho Ana
Published: November 2020

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by cognitive, psychological, and functional impairments. Digital interventions typically focus on cognitive deficits, neglecting the difficulties that patients experience in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The global conjecture created by COVID-19 has highlighted the seminal importance of digital interventions for the provision of healthcare services. Here, we investigated the feasibility and rehabilitation potential of a new design approach for creating highly realistic interactive virtual environments for MCI patients’ neurorehabilitation. Through a participatory design protocol, a neurorehabilitation digital platform was developed using images captured from a Portuguese supermarket (NeuroVRehab.PT). NeuroVRehab.PT’s main features (e.g., medium-sized supermarket, the use of shopping lists) were established according to a shopping behavior questionnaire filled in by 110 older adults. Seven health professionals used the platform and assessed its rehabilitation potential, clinical applicability, and user experience. Interviews were conducted using the think-aloud method and semi-structured scripts, and four main themes were derived from an inductive semantic thematic analysis. Our findings support NeuroVRehab.PT as an ecologically valid instrument with clinical applicability in MCI neurorehabilitation. Our design approach, together with a comprehensive analysis of the patients’ past experiences with IADL, is a promising technique to develop effective digital interventions to promote real-world functioning.
Management of Radial Nerve Lesions after Trauma or Iatrogenic Nerve Injury: Autologous Grafts and Neurolysis
Authors: Schwaiger Karl , Abed Selim , Russe Elisabeth , Koeninger Fabian , Wimbauer Julia , Kholosy Hassan , Hitzl Wolfgang , Wechselberger Gottfried
Published: November 2020

Background: Proximal radial nerve lesions located between the brachial plexus and its division into the superficial and deep branches are rare but severe injuries. The majority of these lesions occur in association with humerus fractures, directly during trauma or later during osteosynthesis for fracture treatment. Diagnostics and surgical interventions are often delayed. The best type of surgical treatment and the outcome to be expected often is uncertain. Methods: Twelve patients with proximal radial nerve lesions due to trauma or prior surgery were included in this study and underwent neurolysis (n = 6) and sural nerve graft interposition (n = 6). Retrospective analysis of the collected patient data was performed and the postoperative course was systematically evaluated. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) and the LSUHS (Louisiana State University Health Sciences) scores were used to determine regeneration after surgery. Comparison between the patients’ and calculated normative DASH scores was performed. Results: All patients had a traumatically or iatrogenically induced proximal radial nerve lesion and underwent secondary treatments. The average time from radial nerve lesion occurrence to surgical intervention was approximately four months (1.5–10 months). Eight patients (66.67%) had a humeral fracture. During follow up, no statistically significant difference between the calculated normative and the patients’ DASH scores was observed. The LSUHS scores were at least satisfactory. Conclusions: Neurolysis or sural nerve graft interposition performed within a specific period of time are the primary treatment options for radial nerve lesions. They should be performed depending on the lesion type. Regeneration to a satisfactory degree was observed in all patients, and the majority achieved full recovery of sensory and motor functions. This was the first study to highlight the efficiency of neurolysis and sural nerve graft interposition as secondary treatment interventions, especially for radial nerve lesions.
Expression of Class III Beta-Tubulin Is Associated with Invasive Potential and Poor Prognosis in Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Na Hee Young , Park Mira , Kim Young A , Won Jae Kyung , Park Young Joo , Shin Sun Ah , Lee Sejoon , Oh Sohee , Kim Ji Eun
Published: November 2020

Although American Thyroid Association guidelines offer a risk stratification scheme for thyroid cancer patients, there is a continuous need for more sophisticated biomarkers that can predict disease progression. In this study, we aim to evaluate the prognostic value of class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3) and uncover the relationship between TUBB3 and invasive potential in thyroid carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for TUBB3 and E-cadherin was performed on a total of 254 cases of thyroid cancer specimens. Tumor budding at the invasive margin was evaluated. In vitro functional studies were also performed; the protein and mRNA levels of TUBB3 were compared among the five cell types at baseline, with transwell invasion and after blocking of TUBB3 by shRNA. IHC revealed that the levels of TUBB3 were higher in conventional papillary carcinomas (cPTCs) and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs). In univariate analysis, high tumor budding and TUBB3 expression were associated with inferior progression-free survival in cPTC. The results of a Western blot and RT-PCR agreed with the IHC finding. The results were further validated through data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Our results suggest that high expression of TUBB3 in thyroid carcinoma could predict invasive potential and possibly be linked with epithelial–mesenchymal transition.
The Mechanisms of Benefit of High-Flow Nasal Therapy in Stable COPD
Authors: Zantah Massa , Pandya Aloknath , Jacobs Michael R. , Criner Gerard J.
Published: November 2020

High-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) is a unique system that delivers humidified, heated oxygen-enriched air via nasal cannula at high flow rates. It is a promising therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Several studies have examined the physiologic effects of this therapy in the patient population and have revealed that it improves mucociliary clearance, reduces nasopharyngeal dead space, and subsequently increases CO2 washout. It also improves alveolar recruitment and gas exchange. These mechanisms may explain the promising results observed in recently published studies that examined the role of HFNT in stable COPD patients.
Results of the “GER-e-TEC” Experiment Involving the Use of an Automated Platform to Detect the Exacerbation of Geriatric Syndromes
Authors: Zulfiqar Abrar-Ahmad , Vaudelle Orianne , Hajjam Mohamed , Geny Bernard , Talha Samy , Letourneau Dominique , Hajjam Jawad , Erve Sylvie , Hajjam El Hassani Amir , Andrès Emmanuel
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Telemedicine is believed to be helpful in managing patients suffering from chronic diseases, in particular elderly patients with numerous accompanying conditions. This was the basis for the “GERIATRICS and e-Technology (GER-e-TEC) study”, which was an experiment involving the use of the smart MyPredi™ e-platform to automatically detect the exacerbation of geriatric syndromes. Methods: The MyPredi™ platform is connected to a medical analysis system that receives physiological data from medical sensors in real time and analyzes this data to generate (when necessary) alerts. These alerts are issued in the event that the health of a patient deteriorates due to an exacerbation of their chronic diseases. An experiment was conducted between 24 September 2019 and 24 November 2019 to test this alert system. During this time, the platform was used on patients being monitored in an internal medicine unit at the University Hospital of Strasbourg. The alerts were compiled and analyzed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values with respect to clinical data. The results of the experiment are provided below. Results: A total of 36 patients were monitored remotely, 21 of whom were male. The mean age of the patients was 81.4 years. The patients used the telemedicine solution for an average of 22.1 days. The telemedicine solution took a total of 147,703 measurements while monitoring the geriatric risks of the entire patient group. An average of 226 measurements were taken per patient per day. The telemedicine solution generated a total of 1611 alerts while assessing the geriatric risks of the entire patient group. For each geriatric risk, an average of 45 alerts were emitted per patient, with 16 of these alerts classified as “low”, 12 classified as “medium”, and 20 classified as “critical”. In terms of sensitivity, the results were 100% for all geriatric risks and extremely satisfactory in terms of positive and negative predictive values. In terms of survival analysis, the number of alerts had an impact on the duration of hospitalization due to decompensated heart failure, a deterioration in the general condition, and other reasons. Conclusion: The MyPredi™ telemedicine system allows the generation of automatic, non-intrusive alerts when the health of a patient deteriorates due to risks associated with geriatric syndromes.
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Comorbidities Delineate Clinical Phenotypes in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Novel Insights from the Assessment of Psychopathological and Neuropsychological Profiles
Authors: Sesso Gianluca , Cristofani Chiara , Berloffa Stefano , Cristofani Paola , Fantozzi Pamela , Inguaggiato Emanuela , Narzisi Antonio , Pfanner Chiara , Ricci Federica , Tacchi Annalisa , Valente Elena , Viglione Valentina , Milone Annarita , Masi Gabriele
Published: November 2020

Although childhood-onset psychiatric disorders are often considered as distinct and separate from each other, they frequently co-occur, with partial overlapping symptomatology. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly co-occur with each other and with other mental disorders, particularly disruptive behavior disorders, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD). Whether these associated comorbidities represent a spectrum of distinct clinical phenotypes is matter of research. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical phenotypes of youths with ADHD with and without ASD and/or ODD/CD, based on neuropsychological and psychopathological variables. One-hundred fifty-one participants with ADHD were prospectively recruited and assigned to four clinical groups, and assessed by means of parent-reported questionnaires, the child behavior checklist and the behavior rating inventory of executive functions. The ADHD alone group presented a greater impairment in metacognitive executive functions, ADHD+ASD patients presented higher internalizing problems and deficits in Shifting tasks, and ADHD+ODD/CD subjects presented emotional-behavioral dysregulation. Moreover, ADHD+ASD+ODD/CD individuals exhibited greater internalizing and externalizing problems, and specific neuropsychological impairments in the domains of emotional regulation. Our study supports the need to implement the evaluation of the psychopathological and neuropsychological functioning profiles, and to characterize specific endophenotypes for a finely customized establishment of treatment strategies.
MRI Characteristics Accurately Predict Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Manceau Cécile , Beauval Jean-Baptiste , Lesourd Marine , Almeras Christophe , Aziza Richard , Gautier Jean-Romain , Loison Guillaume , Salin Ambroise , Tollon Christophe , Soulié Michel , Malavaud Bernard , Roumiguié Mathieu , Ploussard Guillaume
Published: November 2020

Background: After radical prostatectomy (RP), biochemical recurrence (BCR) is associated with an increased risk of developing distant metastasis and prostate cancer specific and overall mortality. Methods: The two-centre study included 521 consecutive patients undergoing RP for positive pre-biopsy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathologically proven prostate cancer (PCa), after which a combination scheme of fusion-targeted biopsy (TB) and systematic biopsy was performed. We assessed correlations between MRI characteristics, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group in TB, and outcomes after RP. We developed an imaging-based risk classification for improving BCR prediction. Results: Higher Prostate Imaging and Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score (p = 0.013), higher ISUP grade group in TB, and extracapsular extension (ECE) on the MRI were significantly associated with more advanced disease (pTstage), higher ISUP grade group (p = 0.001), regional lymph nodes metastasis in RP specimens (p < 0.001), and an increased risk of recurrence after surgery. A positive margin status was significantly associated with ECE-MRI (p < 0.001). Our imaging-based classification included ECE on MRI, ISUP grade group on TB, and PI-RADS accurately predicted BCR (AUC = 0.714, p < 0.001). This classification had more improved area under the curve (AUC) than the standard d’Amico classification in our population. Validation was performed in a two-centre cohort. Conclusions: In this cohort, PI-RADS score, MRI stage, and ISUP grade group in MRI-TB were significantly predictive for disease features and recurrence after RP. Imaging-based risk classification integrating these three factors competed with d’Amico classification for predicting BCR.
Clinical Implications and Gender Differences of KCNQ1 p.Gly168Arg Pathogenic Variant in Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Lorca Rebeca , Junco-Vicente Alejandro , Martin-Fernandez Maria , Pascual Isaac , Aparicio Andrea , Barja Noemi , Cuesta-LLavona Elias , Roces Luis , Avanzas Pablo , Moris Cesar , Coto Eliecer , Rodríguez Reguero José Julían , Gómez Juan
Published: November 2020

Background: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inheritable arrhythmogenic disorder associated with life-threatening arrhythmic events (LAEs). In general, patients with LQTS2 (KCNH2) and LQTS3 (SCN5A) are considered to be a greater risk of LAEs than LQTS1 (KCNQ1) patients. Gender differences are also important. Series analyzing families with the same pathogenic variants may help in the progress of elaborating strong specific genotype-phenotype management strategies. In this manuscript, we describe the phenotype of seven unrelated families, carriers of the KCNQ1 G168R pathogenic variant. Methods: we identified all consecutive index cases referred for genetic testing with LQTS diagnosis carriers of KCNQ1 G168R variant. Genetic and clinical screening for all available relatives was performed. Results: we evaluated seven unrelated families, with a total 34 KCNQ1 G168R carriers (two obligated carriers died without available EKGs to evaluate the phenotype). All index cases but one were women and three of them presented with aborted sudden cardiac death (SCD) or syncope. The presence of sudden death in these families is notable, with a total of nine unexplained sudden deaths and four aborted SCD. Phenotype penetrance was 100% in women and 37.5% in men. Conclusions: KCNQ1 G168R is a pathogenic variant, with a high penetrance among women and mild penetrance among men. Risk for LAEs in this variant seems not negligible, especially among woman, and risk stratification should always be carefully evaluated.
Serological Surveillance of COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Réunion Island (France) Revealed that Specific Immunoglobulin G Are Rapidly Vanishing in Severe Cases
Authors: Dobi Anthony , Sandenon Seteyen Anne-Laure , Lalarizo Rakoto Mahary , Lebeau Grégorie , Vagner Damien , Frumence Étienne , Giry Claude , Septembre-Malaterre Axelle , Raffray Loïc , Gasque Philippe
Published: November 2020

Humoral immunity is critically important to control COVID-19. Long-term antibody responses remain to be fully characterized in hospitalized patients who have a high risk of death. We compared specific Immunoglobulin responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between two groups, intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU hospitalized patients over several weeks. Plasma specific IgG, IgM, and IgA levels were assessed using a commercial ELISA and compared to an in-house cell-based ELISA. Among the patients analyzed (mean (SD) of age, 64.4 (15.9) years, 19.2% female), 12 (46.2%) were hospitalized in ICU. IgG levels increased in non-ICU cases from the second to the eighth week after symptom onset. By contrast, IgG response was blunted in ICU patients over the same period. ICU patients with hematological malignancies had very weak or even undetectable IgG levels. While both groups had comparable levels of specific IgM antibodies, we found much lower levels of specific IgA in ICU versus non-ICU patients. In conclusion, COVID-19 ICU patients may be at risk of reinfection as their specific IgG response is declining in a matter of weeks. Antibody neutralizing assays and studies on specific cellular immunity will have to be performed.
Effect of Gender, Age, and Ocular and Growth-Related Factors on Corneal Epithelial and Stromal Thickness in Children
Authors: Kim Wook Kyum , Ryu Ik Hee , Yoo Jeongseo , Kim Sun Woong
Published: November 2020

Data on corneal epithelial and stromal thickness in school-aged children in relation to gender, age, and ocular and growth parameters are limited. In this retrospective study, we analyzed corneal epithelial and stromal thickness measured with the RTVue system (Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) in 122 male and 201 female Korean children (mean age 9.59 ± 2.18 years) with myopia. We used simple and multiple regression analysis to establish the relationships between gender, age, refractive status, axial length, anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal refractive power, white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW), height, and body weight. Age, body weight, height, and central corneal thickness were positively associated with corneal epithelial thickness, whereas WTW was negatively associated. The multiple regression analysis showed corneal epithelial thickness was affected by sex, body weight, WTW, and central corneal thickness (CCT), while stromal thickness was influenced by age, sex, and WTW. Both corneal epithelial and stromal thickness were significantly greater in male than in female children and were affected by growth. Neither corneal epithelial nor stromal thickness were associated with the severity of myopia, corneal refractive power, or axial length.
Factors Associated with the Prescribing of High-Intensity Statins
Authors: Chaure-Pardos Armando , Malo Sara , Rabanaque María José , Arribas Federico , Moreno-Franco Belén , Aguilar-Palacio Isabel
Published: November 2020

In this study, we investigated the relationship between sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, and lifestyle characteristics and the type of statin prescribed for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted an observational study in workers who began statin treatment. Statin therapy was categorized as “high-intensity” or “low–moderate-intensity”. Workers were classified according to the alignment of their statin therapy with the recommended management practices. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the different variables studied and the probability of being prescribed high-intensity statins. The only variables associated with a higher probability of being treated with high-intensity statins were increased physical activity (>40 versus <20 METs (metabolic equivalent of task) h/wk; odds ratio (OR), 1.65; 95%CI, 1.08–2.50) and, in diabetics, higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (≥155 mg/dL versus <155 mg/dL; OR, 4.96; 95%CI, 1.29–19.10). The model that best predicted treatment intensity included LDL-C, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and age (area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC), 0.620; 95%CI, 0.574–0.666). The prescribing and type of statin used in primary CVD prevention did not correspond with the indications in current guidelines. The probability of receiving high-intensity statins was higher in diabetics with high LDL-C levels and in more physically active individuals. These findings underscore the great variability and uncertainty in the prescribing of statins.
Extensive CFTR Gene Analysis Revealed a Higher Occurrence of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator-Related Disorders (CFTR-RD) among CF Carriers
Authors: Esposito Maria Valeria , Aveta Achille , Comegna Marika , Cernera Gustavo , Iacotucci Paola , Carnovale Vincenzo , Taccetti Giovanni , Terlizzi Vito , Castaldo Giuseppe
Published: November 2020

Background: A wide range of cystic fibrosis (CF)-related conditions are reported in CF carriers, but no study has explored the possibility that such subjects may be affected by cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator-related disorders (CFTR-RD). No data are available so far on the occurrence of CFTR-RD among CF carriers. Methods: We studied 706 CF carriers—first- and second-degree relatives of CF patients that carried the parental mutation; such subjects were divided in two groups: a first group (353 subjects, group A) performed at first only the analysis of the CFTR proband mutation; we retrospectively evaluated the number of cases that had been diagnosed as CFTR-RD based on subsequent symptoms; a second group (353 subjects, group B) performed extensive CFTR molecular analysis in absence of any reported symptoms, followed by a clinical evaluation in cases that carry a second CFTR mutation; we evaluated the number of cases that prospectively were diagnosed as CFTR-RD. Results: We found seven (2.0%) out of 353 subjects of group A and 24 (6.8%) out of 353 subjects of group B as affected by CFTR-RD (chi square, p = 0.002). Conclusions: A percentage of CF carriers are affected by undiagnosed CFTR-RD. Genetic tasting scanning analysis helps to identify CFTR-RD, some of which may benefit from follow-up and specific therapies improving their outcome.
Artificial Intelligence Tools for Refining Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Espinoza J. Luis , Dong Le Thanh
Published: November 2020

Nearly one-quarter of all cancer deaths worldwide are due to lung cancer, making this disease the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women. The most important determinant of survival in lung cancer is the disease stage at diagnosis, thus developing an effective screening method for early diagnosis has been a long-term goal in lung cancer care. In the last decade, and based on the results of large clinical trials, lung cancer screening programs using low-dose computer tomography (LDCT) in high-risk individuals have been implemented in some clinical settings, however, this method has various limitations, especially a high false-positive rate which eventually results in a number of unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic interventions among the screened subjects. By using complex algorithms and software, artificial intelligence (AI) is capable to emulate human cognition in the analysis, interpretation, and comprehension of complicated data and currently, it is being successfully applied in various healthcare settings. Taking advantage of the ability of AI to quantify information from images, and its superior capability in recognizing complex patterns in images compared to humans, AI has the potential to aid clinicians in the interpretation of LDCT images obtained in the setting of lung cancer screening. In the last decade, several AI models aimed to improve lung cancer detection have been reported. Some algorithms performed equal or even outperformed experienced radiologists in distinguishing benign from malign lung nodules and some of those models improved diagnostic accuracy and decreased the false-positive rate. Here, we discuss recent publications in which AI algorithms are utilized to assess chest computer tomography (CT) scans imaging obtaining in the setting of lung cancer screening.
Haloadaptative Responses of Aspergillus sydowii to Extreme Water Deprivation: Morphology, Compatible Solutes, and Oxidative Stress at NaCl Saturation
Authors: Jiménez-Gómez Irina , Valdés-Muñoz Gisell , Moreno-Perlin Tonatiuh , Mouriño-Pérez Rosa R. , Sánchez-Carbente María del Rayo , Folch-Mallol Jorge Luis , Pérez-Llano Yordanis , Gunde-Cimerman Nina , Sánchez Nilda del C. , Batista-García Ramón Alberto
Published: November 2020

Water activity (aw) is critical for microbial growth, as it is severely restricted at aw < 0.90. Saturating NaCl concentrations (~5.0 M) induce extreme water deprivation (aw ≅ 0.75) and cellular stress responses. Halophilic fungi have cellular adaptations that enable osmotic balance and ionic/oxidative stress prevention to grow at high salinity. Here we studied the morphology, osmolyte synthesis, and oxidative stress defenses of the halophile Aspergillus sydowii EXF-12860 at 1.0 M and 5.13 M NaCl. Colony growth, pigmentation, exudate, and spore production were inhibited at NaCl-saturated media. Additionally, hyphae showed unpolarized growth, lower diameter, and increased septation, multicellularity and branching compared to optimal NaCl concentration. Trehalose, mannitol, arabitol, erythritol, and glycerol were produced in the presence of both 1.0 M and 5.13 M NaCl. Exposing A. sydowii cells to 5.13 M NaCl resulted in oxidative stress evidenced by an increase in antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation biomarkers. Also, genes involved in cellular antioxidant defense systems were upregulated. This is the most comprehensive study that investigates the micromorphology and the adaptative cellular response of different non-enzymatic and enzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers in halophilic filamentous fungi.
Detection of Histoplasma DNA from Tissue Blocks by a Specific and a Broad-Range Real-Time PCR: Tools to Elucidate the Epidemiology of Histoplasmosis
Authors: Wilmes Dunja , McCormick-Smith Ilka , Lempp Charlotte , Mayer Ursula , Schulze Arik Bernard , Theegarten Dirk , Hartmann Sylvia , Rickerts Volker
Published: November 2020

Lack of sensitive diagnostic tests impairs the understanding of the epidemiology of histoplasmosis, a disease whose burden is estimated to be largely underrated. Broad-range PCRs have been applied to identify fungal agents from pathology blocks, but sensitivity is variable. In this study, we compared the results of a specific Histoplasma qPCR (H. qPCR) with the results of a broad-range qPCR (28S qPCR) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens from patients with proven fungal infections (n = 67), histologically suggestive of histoplasmosis (n = 36) and other mycoses (n = 31). The clinical sensitivity for histoplasmosis of the H. qPCR and the 28S qPCR was 94% and 48.5%, respectively. Samples suggestive for other fungal infections were negative with the H. qPCR. The 28S qPCR did not amplify DNA of Histoplasma in FFPE in these samples, but could amplify DNA of Emergomyces (n = 1) and Paracoccidioides (n = 2) in three samples suggestive for histoplasmosis but negative in the H. qPCR. In conclusion, amplification of Histoplasma DNA from FFPE samples is more sensitive with the H. qPCR than with the 28S qPCR. However, the 28S qPCR identified DNA of other fungi in H. qPCR-negative samples presenting like histoplasmosis, suggesting that the combination of both assays may improve the diagnosis.
Cognitive Insight in First-Episode Psychosis: Changes during Metacognitive Training
Authors: Birulés Irene , López-Carrilero Raquel , Cuadras Daniel , Pousa Esther , Barrigón Maria , Barajas Ana , Lorente-Rovira Ester , González-Higueras Fermín , Grasa Eva , Ruiz-Delgado Isabel , Cid Jordi , de Apraiz Ana , Montserrat Roger , Pélaez Trinidad , Moritz Steffen ,   the Spanish Metacognition Study Group, Ochoa Susana
Published: November 2020

Background: Metacognitive training (MCT) has demonstrated its efficacy in psychosis. However, the effect of each MCT session has not been studied. The aim of the study was to assess changes in cognitive insight after MCT: (a) between baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up; (b) after each session of the MCT controlled for intellectual quotient (IQ) and educational level. Method: A total of 65 patients with first-episode psychosis were included in the MCT group from nine centers of Spain. Patients were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 6 months follow-up, as well as after each session of MCT with the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS). The BCIS contains two subscales: self-reflectiveness and self-certainty, and the Composite Index. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed models with repeated measures at different time points. Results: Self-certainty decreased significantly (p = 0.03) over time and the effect of IQ was negative and significant (p = 0.02). From session 4 to session 8, all sessions improved cognitive insight by significantly reducing self-certainty and the Composite Index. Conclusions: MCT intervention appears to have beneficial effects on cognitive insight by reducing self-certainty, especially after four sessions. Moreover, a minimum IQ is required to ensure benefits from MCT group intervention.
Federal Government Policy and Community Objectives in Regional Telecommunications: A SISP-Based Study of Ballarat
Authors: Wilde W. , Swatman Paul
Published: November 2020

The decline of regional Australia in terms of wealth and population during the two decades since 1980 has compelled the Federal Government to intervene. In 1997 the Australian Federal Government devoted in excess of $A460 million to a grant award scheme called the Regional Telecommunication Infrastructure Fund (RTIF) in which regional communities identified local telecommunication problems and applied for funds to correct them. Our project examines, through the lens of a conceptual framework extended from and informed by Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP), the effectiveness of the mechanism of this and similar schemes. The primary purpose of this paper is to present a study of the experience of Ballarat in relation to the Australian RTIF programme.
Australian Franchisor Websites: Moving towards Network Behaviour
Authors: Rao Sally , Frazer Lorelle
Published: November 2020

Australia is one of the leading nations using the internet in both business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-tobusiness (B2B) settings (ABS 2004). However, little academic attention has been paid to the adoption of internetbased technology in the Australian franchising sector. Thus this paper addresses the problem of how Australian franchise organisations use internet-based technologies in their franchise systems. This research examines the websites of a sample of 202 Australian franchisors to determine their function as a communication and marketing tool within the franchise network. The aim is to document the web activities undertaken by Australian franchisors to provide an exploratory and descriptive snapshot that can be used as a platform for theoretical efforts The analysis reveals that adoption of internet technologies is still in its infancy in Australian franchise systems with the major uses of franchisor websites being providing information to consumers and as a means of attracting potential franchisees. There is evidence that franchise organisations are moving towards network behaviour through the internet.
Emerging Technologies for Mobile Commerce
Authors: Gao Jerry , Küpper Axel
Published: November 2020

The emergence and popularity of 2G and 3G cellular networks as well as the high market penetration of mobile devices have created strong demands for introducing new applications in the area of mobile commerce (MCommerce). […]
Anonymous Payment in a Kiosk Centric Model Using Digital Signature Scheme with Message Recovery and Low Computational Power Devices
Authors: Isaac Jesús , Camara José , Manzanares Antonio , Márquez Joaquín
Published: November 2020

In this paper we present an anonymous protocol for a mobile payment system based on a Kiosk Centric Case Mobile Scenario where the customer cannot communicate with the issuer due to absence of Internet access with her mobile device and the costs of implementing other mechanism of communication between both of them are high. Our protocol protects the real identity of the clients during the purchase and employs a digital signature scheme with message recovery using self-certified public keys that reduces the public space and the communication cost in comparison with the certificate-based signature schemes. Moreover, our proposed protocol requires low computational power that makes it suitable for mobile devices. As a result, our proposal illustrates how a portable device equipped with a short range link (such Bluetooth, Infrared or Wi-Fi) and low computational power should be enough to interact with a vendor machine in order to buy goods or services in a secure way.
Editorial
Authors: Cerpa Narciso
Published: November 2020

This issue completes the inaugural year (Volume 1) of the Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research. [...]
Value Development at Online Distance Learning University
Authors: Pankowska Malgorzata
Published: November 2020

The paper covers different interpretations of Online Distance Learning (ODL) organization and explanation of current managerial theories that have impact on its development. In the paper, two research methods have been applied i.e. case studies and literature interpretation. First, author presents case studies and delivers characteristics of the four case studies of ODL institutions project development. In the main part of the paper, basing on the case studies and literature studies, author delivers the model of value creation and sharing at ODL university. Author argues that ODL university value creation demands a completely new approach towards educational processes. Their development requires knowledge and relationship management, IT architecture development, resource management by contracts, standardization for controllability, compatibility and interoperability. The paper contains a review of standards applicable in online distance education organizations. Author concludes that proposed value development model is important for ODL organization strategy management.
P2P's Significance for eBusiness: Towards a Research Agenda
Authors: Clarke Roger
Published: November 2020

Applications running over peer-to-peer (P2P) networks have exploded since the late 1990s. Research is needed into many aspects of P2P. These include architecture, application functionality, and the categories of digital works that are shared using P2P facilities. A range of significant strategic, consumer and policy issues also arise, such as challenges to the operation of copyright, defamation and other censorship laws. Organisations affected by P2P are devising and deploying countermeasures, such as technological protections for digital works and attempts to identify devices and users. These too require study. This paper presents the landscape of research opportunities, indicating methods that might be appropriately applied to the various kinds of questions.
Success Factors and Barriers to Telework Adoption in Ebusiness in Australia and Singapore: The Influence of Culture and Organizational Culture
Authors: Gani Zoohan , Toleman Mark
Published: November 2020

This paper presents research on the influence that organisational behaviour and workplace culture have on the success of and barriers faced by adopting telework within the B2C e-business context among organisations in Australia, Singapore and American based organisations in Singapore. This qualitative study used interview methods to determine success factors and barriers in adopting telework. A total of 16 participants were interviewed in the study and the outcomes highlight differences in the work-related values according to the respective cultural backgrounds of managers and employees. These findings create new possibilities for research on how telework success and barriers to success are perceived since a major existing limitation of the telework literature is that organisational theory has been largely ignored.
The Brand-Generated Content Interaction of Instagram Stories and Publications: A Comparison between Retailers and Manufacturers
Authors: Sánchez-Cobarro Paloma de H. , Molina-Castillo Francisco-Jose , Alcazar-Caceres Cristina
Published: November 2020

The last decade has seen a considerable increase in entertainment-oriented communication techniques. Likewise, the rise of social networks has evolved, offering different formats such as publication and stories. Hence, there has been a growing interest in knowing which strategies have the greatest social impact to help position organizations in the mind of the consumer. This research aims to analyze the different impact that stories and publications can have on the Instagram social network as a tool for generating branded content. To this end, it analyses the impact of the different Instagram stories and publications in various sectors using a methodology of structural equations with composite constructs. The results obtained, based on 800 stories and publications in four different companies (retailers and manufacturers), show that the reach of the story generally explains the interaction with Instagram stories. In contrast, in the case of publications, impressions are of greater importance in explaining the interaction with the publication. Among the main contributions of the work, we find that traditional pull communication techniques have been losing effectiveness in front of new formats of brand content generation that have been occupying the time in the relationship between users and brands.
The National Livestock Identification System: The Importance of Traceability in E-Business
Authors: Trevarthen Adam
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to explore how Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) can be utilized on dairy farms to enhance total farm management. There is a growing worldwide trend for countries to implement whole-of-life traceability systems for livestock, and RFID is clearly the dominant technology being chosen to achieve this aim. In line with this global trend, and to meet the requirements of key trading partners (such as the EU), Australia has implemented the National Livestock Identification System (NLIS) to provide whole-of-life traceability for livestock– a system based on the use of RFID devices. As such, it is proposed that dairy farmers utilise RFID so as to not only comply with NLIS requirements, but to extend the use of RFID onto their farms so as to provide additional benefits for themselves through subsequent enhancements in farm management practices.
E-Learning Tools Evaluation and Roadmap Development for an Electrical Utility
Authors: Islas Eduardo , Pérez Miguel , Rodriguez Guillermo , Paredes Israel , Ávila Ivonne , Mendoza Miguel
Published: November 2020

This paper describes a methodology based on 40 criterions as well as a mixture of MCDM methods to evaluate different technologies applied in modern training systems. The criterions are grouped in a three-dimensional (3D) model in accordance with their use and application in training processes. The proposed 3D model includes the Management (M), the Technological (T) and the Instructional (I) dimensions. Applying this methodology we can evaluate different training and learning technologies. Furthermore a technology roadmap is outlined using the obtained results in the evaluation. This roadmap will provide CFE (Comisión Federal de Electricidad which is the National Electricity Utility in Mexico) with elements to decide, enhance and upgrade its current training information systems or acquire new ones as well as showing what courses are worth implementing with e-learning technologies and when these courses should be programmed.
More Evidence-Based Internet Self-Help Depression Websites Now Available
Authors: Culjak Gordana , Nicholls Peter , Leveaux Rene , Kowalenko Nick
Published: November 2020

The aim of this research study is to evaluate the availability and classification of the types of currently available Internet self-help websites for depression. Its aim is to develop an understanding of what is available for people at risk of depression who would otherwise perhaps not seek help and to investigate whether such useful resources are on the increase. In Australia, depression is the top-ranked cause of nonfatal disability. Over 27% of young adults have a current mental disorder, with depression being the most prevalent (10.8%). This paper investigates the availability and type of self-help websites that are available for people suffering from mild to moderate depression, as a step towards providing avenues for care for this population of sufferers. The most important finding of this study was that not only were there an increased number of websites available as self-help resources, but that over the three year period, there has been a statistically significant increase in the proportion of websites that are evidence-based. This is an important factor for sufferers of mild to moderate depression who are looking for access to online self-help resources.
Australian Case Studies in Mobile Commerce
Authors: O'Donnell Jonathan , Jackson Margaret , Shelly Marita , Ligertwood Julian
Published: November 2020

Sixteen wireless case studies highlight issues relating to mobile commerce in Australia. The issues include: the need for a clear business case; difficulty of achieving critical mass and acceptance of a new service; training and technical issues, as well as staff acceptance issues; that privacy and security issues arise through the potential to track the location of people and through the amounts of personal data collected; difficulties in integrating with existing back-end systems; projects being affected by changes to legislation, or requiring changes to the law; and that while there is potential for mobile phone operators to develop new billing methods that become new models for issuing credit, they are not covered by existing credit laws. We have placed the case studies in a Fit-Viability framework and analyzed the issues according to key success criteria. While many organizations are keen to use the technology, they are struggling to find a compelling business case for adoption and that without a strong business case projects are unlikely to progress past the pilot stage.
Disruptions in Information Flow: A Revenue Costing Supply Chain Dilemma
Authors: Munoz Albert , Clements Michael
Published: November 2020

The integration of supply chains as a mechanism for value creation is largely dependent on continuous flow of real time accurate information from the customer back upstream to the manufacturer. This ideal is often unachievable when disruptions in the flow of information and materials are known to regularly occur in some manufacturing supply chains. This paper focuses on quantifying the potential lost sales revenue attributed to information and material delays in a supply chain using discrete event simulation of the Beer Distribution Game. Results indicate a direct relationship between lost sales revenue and delay times. When exposed to several levels of delay such disruptions will cause loss of sales revenue. Interestingly, data collected suggests that information delays play a larger role than material delays as a contributor to lost sales revenue. This study provides a solid platform to further justify the implementation of technology such as RFID in an effort to decrease the level of lost sales revenue in manufacturing supply chains. The implementation of technologies that will increase the speed of information flow throughout a supply chain as well as increasing visibility of inventory in the supply chain can assist to minimise lost sales.