bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the potential of photon counting detector CT for paediatric imaging: a pictorial essay
Authors: Aliukonyte Ieva , Caudri Daan , Booij Ronald , van Straten Marcel , Dijkshoorn Marcel L , Budde Ricardo P J , Oei Edwin H G , Saba Luca , Tiddens Harm A W M , Ciet Pierluigi
Published: July 2024

Recent advancements in CT technology have introduced a revolutionary innovation to practice known as the Photon-Counting detector (PCD) CT imaging. The pivotal hardware enhancement of the PCD-CT scanner lies in its detectors, which consist of smaller pixels than standard detectors and allow direct conversion of individual X-rays to electrical signals. As a result, CT images are reconstructed at higher spatial resolution (as low as 0.2 mm) and reduced overall noise, at no expense of an increased radiation dose. These features are crucial for paediatric imaging, especially for infants and young children, where anatomical structures are notably smaller than in adults and in whom keeping dose as low as possible is especially relevant. Since January 2022, our hospital has had the opportunity to work with PCD-CT technology for paediatric imaging. This pictorial review will showcase clinical examples of PCD-CT imaging in children. The aim of this pictorial review is to outline the potential paediatric applications of PCD-CT across different anatomical regions, as well as to discuss the benefits in utilizing PCD-CT in comparison to conventional standard energy integrating detector CT.
“The harder I work, the luckier I get”: how rural streamers perceive and cope with the algorithmic gaze on Taobao Live
Authors: Fu Han , Fung Anthony
Published: July 2024

This study examines rural live streamers’ perceptions and strategies toward the algorithmic surveillance of Taobao Live, China’s preeminent consumer live broadcast platform. Through semi-structured interviews with 34 full-time rural streamers and two rounds of fieldwork spanning approximately a year in a southwestern Chinese county, this research elucidates three categories of visibility-based uncertainties that prompt streamers’ cognizance of algorithmic surveillance and inform their strategic responses. Participants interpret algorithmic surveillance through the lens of three predominant observers: curation algorithms, human moderators, and the audience. These perceived observers work on coordinating three forms of visibility—algorithmic visibility, moderator visibility, and audience visibility—aimed at regulating the independent streamers’ activities. Contrary to the common belief, we found that heightened online visibility in agricultural product live streams on Taobao Live does not always yield advantageous outcomes.
Calcium polystyrene sulfonate–induced colitis: advanced characterization of crystal nature with infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Vidal Helena , Salgado Vilma , Alves Patrícia , Fonseca1 Nuno Moreira , Frochot Vincent , Ferreira Aníbal
Published: July 2024

Classical potassium binders are used in the treatment of hyperkalemia and are widely associated with gastrointestinal side effects, with crystal colonic injury being rare but potentially fatal. In this report, we describe the case of an 82-year-old male with hyperkalemia and calcium polystyrene sulfonate crystal–associated colonic necrosis. Traditionally, this diagnosis has relied on the examination of crystal morphology and polarization through microscopy. Our study enhances crystal identification by incorporating an analysis of the physical characteristics of the crystals using infrared spectroscopy. This is the first description, to our knowledge, of the calcium polystyrene sulfonate infrared spectrum.
Graphene oxide-loaded rapamycin coating on airway stents inhibits stent-related granulation tissue hyperplasia
Authors: Li Zongming , Lu Xin , Wu Kunpeng , Wang Jing , Li Yahua , Li Yifan , Ren Kewei , Han Xinwei
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES

Our objective was to explore the safety and efficacy of a graphene oxide-loaded rapamycin-coated self-expandable metallic airway stent (GO@RAPA-SEMS) in a rabbit model.

METHODS

The dip coating method was used to develop a GO@RAPA-SEMS and a poly(lactic-co-glycolic)-acid loaded rapamycin-coated self-expandable metallic airway stent (PLGA@RAPA-SEMS). The surface structure was evaluated using a scanning electronic microscope. The in vitro drug-release profiles of the 2 stents were explored and compared. In the animal study, a total of 45 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups and underwent 3 kinds of stent placements. Computed tomography was performed to evaluate the degree of stenosis at 1, 2 and 3 months after the stent operation. Five rabbits in each group were sacrificed after the computed tomography scan. The stented trachea and blood were collected for further pathological analysis and laboratory testing.

RESULTS

The in vitro drug-release study revealed that GO@RAPA-SEMS exhibited a sudden release on the first day and maintained a certain release rate on the 14th day. The PLGA@RAPA-SEMS exhibited a longer sustained release time. All 45 rabbits underwent successful stent placement. Pathological results indicated that the granulation tissue thickness in the GO@RAPA-SEMS group was less than that in the PLGA@RAPA-SEMS group. The TUNEL and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α staining results support the fact that the granulation inhibition effect in the GO@RAPA-SEMS group was greater than that in the PLGA@RAPA-SEMS group.

CONCLUSIONS

GO@RAPA-SEMS effectively inhibited stent-related granulation tissue hyperplasia.
Effects of turbulence on diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and associated bacteria
Authors: Maire Yanis , Schmitt François G , Kormas Konstantinos , Vasileiadis Sotirios , Caruana Amandine , Skouroliakou Dimitra-Ioli , Bampouris Vasileios , Courcot Lucie , Hervé Fabienne , Crouvoisier Muriel , Christaki Urania
Published: July 2024

Turbulence is one of the least investigated environmental factors impacting the ecophysiology of phytoplankton, both at the community and individual species level. Here, we investigated, for the first time, the effect of a turbulence gradient (Reynolds number, from Reλ = 0 to Reλ = 360) on two species of the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia and their associated bacterial communities under laboratory conditions. Cell abundance, domoic acid (DA) production, chain formation, and Chl a content of P. fraudulenta and P. multiseries were higher for intermediate turbulence (Reλ = 160 or 240). DA was detectable only in P. multiseries samples. These observations were supported by transcriptomic analyses results, which suggested the turbulence related induction of the expression of the DA production locus, with a linkage to an increased photosynthetic activity of the total metatranscriptome. This study also highlighted a higher richness of the bacterial community associated with the nontoxic strain of P. fraudulenta in comparison to the toxic strain of P. multiseries. Bacillus was an important genus in P. multiseries cultures (relative abundance 15.5%) and its highest abundances coincided with the highest DA levels. However, associated bacterial communities of both Pseudo-nitzschia species did not show clear patterns relative to turbulence intensity.
Faith Renewed: Validation of the LTA_Classic Conceptual Complexity Coding Scheme
Authors: LoSasso Cassidy , Young Michael D
Published: July 2024

Following the creation of the LTA_Classic automated coding schemes for Margaret Hermann’s approach to leadership analysis, LTA_Classic has become a widely used tool for researching the individual differences between leaders and their policies in the last two decades. However, there has been no prior published assessment of the validity of the LTA_Classic coding scheme. The result of this validity assessment is a revised coding scheme (CC_2023) with roughly double the accuracy of the LTA_Classic CC coding scheme and a corresponding increase in statistical power. At the same time, correlation by document (N = 44,173) for LTA_Classic CC and CC_2023 is r = 0.7305 with a 95 percent confidence interval of 0.7261 ⇐ r ⇐ 0.7348 and p < 0.0000, indicating that the CC_2023 coding scheme is convergent with the LTA_Classic coding scheme and prior results are likely to be replicable using CC_2023.
The error bounds of Gaussian quadratures for one rational modification of Chebyshev measures
Authors: Mutavdžić Djukić Rada M
Published: July 2024

For an analytic integrand, the error term in the Gaussian quadrature can be represented as a contour integral, where the contour is commonly taken to be an ellipse. Thus, finding its upper bound can be reduced to finding the maximum of the modulus of the kernel on the ellipse. The location of this maximum was investigated in many special cases, particularly, for the Gaussian quadrature with respect to the Chebyshev measures modified by a quadratic divisor (known as the Bernstein–Szeg̋ measures). Here, for the Gaussian quadratures with respect to the Chebyshev measures modified by a linear over linear rational factor, we examine the kernel and describe sufficient conditions for the maximum to occur on the real axis. Furthermore, an assessment of the kernel is made in each case, since in some cases the true maximum is hard to reach. Hence, we derive the error bounds for these quadrature formulas. The results are illustrated by the numerical examples. An alternative approach for estimating the error of the Gaussian quadrature with respect to the same measure can be found in [Djukić, D. L., Djukić, R. M. M., Reichel, L. & Spalević, M. M. (2023, Weighted averaged Gaussian quadrature rules for modified Chebyshev measure. Appl. Numer. Math., ISSN 0168-9274)].
hp-optimal convergence of the original DG method for linear hyperbolic problems on special simplicial meshes
Authors: Dong Z , Mascotto L
Published: July 2024

We prove $hp$-optimal error estimates for the original discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method when approximating solutions to first-order hyperbolic problems with constant convection fields in the $L^{2}$ and DG norms. The main theoretical tools used in the analysis are novel $hp$-optimal approximation properties of the special projector introduced in Cockburn et al. (2008, Optimal convergence of the original DG method for the transportreaction equation on special meshes. SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 46:1250-1265). We assess the theoretical findings on some test cases.
Activity-based labelling of ammonia- and alkane-oxidizing microorganisms including ammonia-oxidizing archaea
Authors: Sakoula Dimitra , Schatteman Arne , Blom Pieter , Jetten Mike S M , van Kessel Maartje A H J , Lehtovirta-Morley Laura , Lücker Sebastian
Published: July 2024

Recently, an activity-based labelling protocol for the in vivo detection of ammonia- and alkane-oxidizing bacteria became available. This functional tagging technique enabled targeted studies of these environmentally widespread functional groups, but it failed to capture ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). Since their first discovery, AOA have emerged as key players within the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle, but our knowledge regarding their distribution and abundance in natural and engineered ecosystems is mainly derived from PCR-based and metagenomic studies. Furthermore, the archaeal ammonia monooxygenase is distinctly different from its bacterial counterparts and remains poorly understood. Here, we report on the development of an activity-based labelling protocol for the fluorescent detection of all ammonia- and alkane-oxidizing prokaryotes, including AOA. In this protocol, 1,5-hexadiyne is used as inhibitor of ammonia and alkane oxidation and as bifunctional enzyme probe for the fluorescent labelling of cells via the Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction. Besides efficient activity-based labelling of ammonia- and alkane-oxidizing microorganisms, this method can also be employed in combination with deconvolution microscopy for determining the subcellular localization of their ammonia- and alkane-oxidizing enzyme systems. Labelling of these enzymes in diverse ammonia- and alkane-oxidizing microorganisms allowed their visualization on the cytoplasmic membranes, the intracytoplasmic membrane stacks of ammonia- and methane-oxidizing bacteria, and, fascinatingly, on vesicle-like structures in one AOA species. The development of this novel activity-based labelling method for ammonia- and alkane-oxidizers will be a valuable addition to the expanding molecular toolbox available for research of nitrifying and alkane-oxidizing microorganisms.
Use of calibration to improve the precision of estimates obtained from All of Us data
Authors: Wang Vivian Hsing-Chun , Holm Julie , Pagán José A
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To highlight the use of calibration weighting to improve the precision of estimates obtained from All of Us data and increase the return of value to communities from the All of Us Research Program.

Materials and Methods

We used All of Us (2017-2022) data and raking to obtain prevalence estimates in two examples: discrimination in medical settings (N = 41 875) and food insecurity (N = 82 266). Weights were constructed using known population proportions (age, sex, race/ethnicity, region of residence, annual household income, and home ownership) from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey.

Results

About 37% of adults experienced discrimination in a medical setting. About 20% of adults who had not seen a doctor reported being food insecure compared with 14% of adults who regularly saw a doctor.

Conclusions

Calibration using raking is cost-effective and may lead to more precise estimates when analyzing All of Us data.
Dual white matter pathology in fetal holoprosencephaly featuring concurrent malformative and destructive features: A case series
Authors: Das Sumit , Brown Lindsay , Nikkel Sarah M , Saunders Jessica , Dunham Christopher
Published: July 2024

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a classic brain malformation involving defective forebrain induction and patterning. Cases of HPE bearing white matter abnormalities have not been well documented, with only rare cases exhibiting hypoxic-ischemic damage. However, neuroradiologic studies of HPE using diffusion tensor imaging have suggested the presence of white matter architectural disarray. Described in this case series are the clinicopathologic features of 8 fetuses with HPE who underwent autopsy at BC Children’s Hospital. All 8 cases exhibited subacute to chronic, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)-like white matter pathology, with 7 of 8 cases also demonstrating aberrant white matter tracts, one of which manifested as a discreet bundle crossing the midline within the ventral aspects of the fused deep gray nuclei. In 6 of these 7 cases, the PVL-like pathology resided within this aberrant white matter tract. Original workup, alongside an additional HPE-focused next-generation sequencing panel identified a likely etiologic cause for the HPE in 4 cases, with an additional 2 cases exhibiting a variant of unknown significance in genes previously suggested to be involved in HPE. Despite our in-depth clinicopathologic and molecular review, no unifying etiology was definitively identified among our series of fetal HPE bearing this unusual pattern of white matter pathology.
Sural flap reconstruction of lateral malleolus following undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma resection with 1-year follow-up
Authors: Saifi Motaz , Younis Omar , Nour Ibrahim R , Abuzahra Saad , Mansour Mamoun , Hasan Mohammed
Published: July 2024

We report a case of a 54-year-old female who presents with a gradually expanding mass at the right lateral malleolus. The diagnosis of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma was made after a histopathological examination of the mass following a wide tumor excision. The defected soft tissue area was reconstructed using a local flap, reverse sural artery flap. Following the surgical management, multiple radiotherapy sessions were completed. The patient’s follow-up result showed no signs of local recurrence or metastasis, and the wound was well-healed with no complications other than paresthesia in a small area at the posterolateral aspect of the ankle under the lateral malleolus. This case represents a rare form of malignant neoplasm and emphasizes the effectiveness and safety of the reverse sural artery flap reconstruction technique, especially in places where microsurgery is unavailable or when the patient’s status does not allow for prolonged anesthesia.
Summary and Roadmap of Breast Cancer Research in the Veterans Affairs
Authors: Hazra Aditi , Goldstein Karen M , Waltz Susan E , Chiba Akiko , Colonna Sarah V , Kelley Michael J , Moss Haley A , Zullig Leah L
Published: July 2024

Women are the largest growing population of Veterans within the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System. Among women Veterans, breast cancer is the most common malignancy (30% of all cancers), yet little is known about the unique needs of women Veterans with cancer and how to provide them with high quality care. The VA health care system has initiated multiple system-wide systemic efforts, including launching the Breast and Gynecologic Cancer System of Excellence (BGSOE) to address this knowledge gap. This report summarizes the outcomes of the inaugural 2023 VA Women’s Cancer Research Conference, which assembled 37 multidisciplinary clinicians, scientists, the VA and civilian partners with a shared goal of advancing VA breast cancer research. Conference objectives were to build a collective vision for improving: (1) referral patterns for breast cancer treatment and patient-level outcomes and (2) molecular and genetic testing patterns across the breast cancer continuum among women Veterans. The meeting hosted 15 speakers at the Houston VA Medical Center. Future research priorities for women Veterans with cancer were identified from discussions and a post-conference survey. We then administered a 13-question post-conference survey to conference attendees. Respondents ranked the research priorities. The survey results show that the cross-cutting cancer research priorities designed to transform cancer care for women Veterans at the VA fit into 5 broad areas of study, including (1) care quality for treatment, (2) improving treatment, (3) care quality of molecular and genetic testing, (4) risk reduction through risk assessment and germline genetic testing, and (5) establishing strategic partnerships. Our data elucidate areas for further investigation to improve the delivery of cancer care.
SCI-VCF: a cross-platform GUI solution to summarize, compare, inspect and visualize the variant call format
Authors: Kamaraj Venkatesh , Sinha Himanshu
Published: July 2024

As genomics advances swiftly and its applications extend to diverse fields, bioinformatics tools must enable researchers and clinicians to work with genomic data irrespective of their programming expertise. We developed SCI-VCF, a Shiny-based comprehensive analysis utility to summarize, compare, inspect, analyse and design interactive visualizations of the genetic variants from the variant call format. With an intuitive graphical user interface, SCI-VCF aims to bridge the approachability gap in genomics that arises from the existing predominantly command-line utilities. SCI-VCF is written in R and is freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11453080. For installation-free access, users can avail themselves of an online version at https://ibse.shinyapps.io/sci-vcf-online.
Semimetal-triggered covalent interaction in Pt-based intermetallics for fuel-cell electrocatalysis
Authors: Cheng Han , Gui Renjie , Chen Chen , Liu Si , Cao Xuemin , Yin Yifan , Ma Ruize , Wang Wenjie , Zhou Tianpei , Zheng Xusheng , Chu Wangsheng , Xie Yi , Wu Changzheng
Published: July 2024

Platinum-based intermetallic compounds (IMCs) play a vital role as electrocatalysts in a range of energy and environmental technologies, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, the synthesis of IMCs necessitates recombination of ordered Pt-M metallic bonds with high temperature driving, which is generally accompanied by side effects for catalysts’ structure and performance. In this work, we highlight that semimetal atoms can trigger covalent interactions to break the synthesis-temperature limitation of platinum-based intermetallic compounds and benefit fuel-cell electrocatalysis. Attributed to partial fillings of p-block in semimetal elements, the strong covalent interaction of d-p π backbonding can benefit the recombination of ordered Pt-M metallic bonds (PtGe, PtSb and PtTe) in the synthesis process. Moreover, this covalent interaction in metallic states can further promote both electron transport and orbital fillings of active sites in fuel cells. The semimetal-Pt IMCs were obtained with a temperature 300 K lower than that needed for the synthesis of metal-Pt intermetallic compounds and reached the highest CO-tolerant oxygen reduction activity (0.794 A mg−1 at 0.9 V and 5.1% decay under CO poisoning) among reported electrocatalysts. We anticipate that semimetal-Pt IMCs will offer new insights for the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts for fuel cells.
The non-intervention principle and disclosure of information to beneficiaries: recent Jersey cases
Authors: Alexander Stephen , Bridgeford Andrew
Published: July 2024

Recent Jersey cases affirm the importance of the non-intervention principle, namely, that the court will not interfere before the trustees have acted to compel a particular exercise of power and that after they have acted it will not overturn their exercise of the power. A question not definitively settled is whether a trustee’s decision concerning the disclosure of trust information to a beneficiary constitutes an exception or whether the court’s role remains a more limited review. Two recent Jersey cases favour the former approach, and this jurisprudence is likely to be influential across other trust jurisdictions where the position has likewise not been decided.
VIIIRenaissance Drama: Excluding Shakespeare
Authors: Paravano Cristina , Ragni Cristiano , Enjo Yuri
Published: July 2024

This chapter has three sections: 1. Editions and Textual Matters: this will be available as a double section in the next edition of YWES; 2. Theatre History: this will also be available as a double section in the next edition of YWES; 3. Criticism. Section 3(a) General is by Cristina Paravano; section 3(b) Marlowe is by Cristiano Ragni; section 3(c) Jonson is by Yuri Enjo.
Environmental Sustainability Initiatives in the Operating Room: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gorgun Emre , Dehipawala Sumudu , O’Hara Matthew , Naoumtchik Elena , Gangoli Gaurav , Ricketts Crystal , Tommaselli Giovanni A.
Published: July 2024

The global healthcare industry has a substantial environmental footprint and therefore has a responsibility to decrease its impact. Changes to increase sustainability will only occur if healthcare providers (HCPs) and decision-makers understand and incorporate environmentally conscious practices in the operating room (OR). This scoping review aimed to assess hospital initiatives undertaken to support environmental sustainability in the OR, with a focus on HCP and hospital decision-maker beliefs and perceptions related to sustainability. A scoping review was conducted using Embase and PubMed. Searches were performed to identify relevant studies published between January 2011 and November 2022. A total of 163 publications were included: 10 systematic literature reviews and 153 original research articles. Most studies reported department-wide sustainability measures (waste reduction, staff education, etc), which were evaluated by the reduction in generated waste and energy, emission of greenhouse gasses, and costs. Despite up to 97% of HCPs noting willingness to improve sustainability within practices, up to 80.9% of HCPs stated that they lacked the necessary training and information. In conclusion, this research highlights a recent increase in interest about sustainability initiatives in the OR and that HCPs and surgical staff are not only willing to participate but also have suggestions on how to minimize the environmental impact of the OR.
Tranexamic Acid Administered at Time of Hospital Admission Does Not Decrease Transfusion Rates or Blood Loss for Extracapsular Hip Fractures: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Owen Aaron R. , Boe Chelsea C. , Kuttner Nicolas P. , Cancio-Bello Alexandra M. , Colbenson Kristina M. , Hidden Krystin A. , Barlow Jonathan D. , Cross William W. , Sems Stephen A. , Yuan Brandon J.
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate tranexamic acid (TXA) when administered immediately on hospital presentation in patients with extracapsular peritrochanteric hip fractures to determine its effect on (1) transfusion rates, (2) estimated blood loss, and (3) complications.

METHODS:

Design:

Prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial.

Setting:

Single-center, Level 1 trauma center.

Patient Selection Criteria:

All patients with isolated OTA/AO 31-A fracture patterns from 2018 to 2022 were eligible for inclusion. Study drug was administered in the emergency department at the time of presentation—1-g bolus over 10 minutes followed by a 1-g infusion over 8 hours.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:

The primary outcome was the rate of red blood cell transfusion hospital days 1–4. Secondary outcomes included estimated blood loss and complications including venous thromboembolic events, stroke, myocardial infarction, all-cause 90-day readmissions, and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS:

One hundred twenty-eight patients were included—64 patients were randomized to intravenous TXA and 64 patients to intravenous normal saline (ie, placebo). There was no difference in the rate of red blood cell transfusion between treatment arms between hospital days 1–4 (27% in the TXA arm vs. 31% in the placebo arm, P = 0.65). Patients randomized to placebo who required transfusion received a mean of 2.30 units compared with 1.94 units in the TXA cohort (P = 0.55). There was no difference in the estimated blood loss between hospital days 1–4. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications including venous thromboembolic events, stroke, myocardial infarction, 90-day readmission, or death.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of this study do not support the use of preoperative TXA for reducing blood loss for geriatric patients with extracapsular hip fractures.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
What is the Utilization and Impact of Advanced Imaging for Tibial Tubercle Fractures? An Analysis of 598 Patients From the Tibial Tubercle Study (TITUS) Group
Authors: Shen Peter C. , Williams Brendan A. , Edobor-Osula O. Folorunsho , Blanco John S. , Crawford Lindsay M. , Greenhill Dustin A. , Griffith Alexander H. , Kaushal Neil K. , Kell David M. , Rashiwala Abhi , Schlechter John A. , Thomas Evelyn S. , Tornberg Haley N. , Patel Neeraj M.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Given the rare nature of tibial tubercle fractures, previous studies are mostly limited to small, single-center series. This results in practice variation. Previous research has shown poor surgeon agreement on utilization of advanced imaging, but improved evidence-based indications may help balance clinical utility with resource utilization. The purpose of this study is to quantify diagnostic practices for tibial tubercle fractures in a large, multicenter cohort, with attention to the usage and impact of advanced imaging.

Methods:

This is a retrospective series of pediatric tibial tubercle fractures from 7 centers between 2007 and 2022. Exclusion criteria were age above 18 years, missing demographic and pretreatment data, closed proximal tibial physis and tubercle apophysis, or a proximal tibia fracture not involving the tubercle. Demographic and injury data were collected. Fracture classifications were derived from radiographic evaluation. The utilization of advanced imaging was recorded as well as the presence of findings not identified on radiographs. Standard descriptive statistics were reported, and χ2 tests were performed (means reported±SD).

Results:

A total of 598 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria, of which 88.6% (530/598) were male with a mean age of 13.8±1.9 years. Internal oblique x-rays were obtained in 267 patients (44.6%), computed tomography (CT) in 158 (26.4%), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 64 (10.7%). There were significant differences in the frequency at which CT (7.2% to 79.4%, P<0.001) and MRI were obtained (1.5% to 54.8%, P<0.001). CT was obtained most frequently for Ogden type IV fractures (50/99, 50.5%), and resulted in novel findings that were not visualized on radiographs in a total of 37/158 patients (23.4%). The most common finding on CT was intra-articular fracture extension (25/37). MRI was obtained most frequently for Ogden type V fractures (13/35, 37.1%), and resulted in novel findings in a total of 31/64 patients (48.4%). The most common finding was patellar tendon injury (11/64), but only 3 of these patients required tendon repair.

Conclusions:

Substantial variation exists in the diagnostic evaluation of tibial tubercle fractures. CT was most helpful in clarifying intra-articular involvement, while MRI can identify patellar tendon injury, periosteal sleeve avulsion, or a nondisplaced fracture. This study quantifies variation in diagnostic practices for tibial tubercle fractures, highlighting the need for evidence-based indications for advanced imaging.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Long-term exposure to transportation noise and obesity: A pooled analysis of eleven Nordic cohorts
Authors: Persson Åsa , Pyko Andrei , Stucki Lara , Ögren Mikael , Åkesson Agneta , Oudin Anna , Tjønneland Anne , Rosengren Annika , Segersson David , Rizzuto Debora , Helte Emilie , Andersson Eva M. , Aasvang Gunn Marit , Gudjonsdottir Hrafnhildur , Selander Jenny , Christensen Jesper H. , Leander Karin , Mattisson Kristoffer , Eneroth Kristina , Barregard Lars , Stockfelt Leo , Albin Maria , Simonsen Mette K. , Spanne Mårten , Roswall Nina , Tiittanen Pekka , Molnár Peter , Ljungman Petter L.S. , Männistö Satu , Yli-Tuomi Tarja , Cole-Hunter Thomas , Lanki Timo , Lim Youn-Hee , Andersen Zorana J. , Sørensen Mette , Pershagen Göran , Eriksson Charlotta
Published: July 2024

Background:

Available evidence suggests a link between exposure to transportation noise and an increased risk of obesity. We aimed to assess exposure-response functions for long-term residential exposure to road traffic, railway and aircraft noise, and markers of obesity.

Methods:

Our cross-sectional study is based on pooled data from 11 Nordic cohorts, including up to 162,639 individuals with either measured (69.2%) or self-reported obesity data. Residential exposure to transportation noise was estimated as a time-weighted average Lden 5 years before recruitment. Adjusted linear and logistic regression models were fitted to assess beta coefficients and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for body mass index, overweight, and obesity, as well as for waist circumference and central obesity. Furthermore, natural splines were fitted to assess the shape of the exposure-response functions.

Results:

For road traffic noise, the OR for obesity was 1.06 (95% CI = 1.03, 1.08) and for central obesity 1.03 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.05) per 10 dB Lden. Thresholds were observed at around 50–55 and 55–60 dB Lden, respectively, above which there was an approximate 10% risk increase per 10 dB Lden increment for both outcomes. However, linear associations only occurred in participants with measured obesity markers and were strongly influenced by the largest cohort. Similar risk estimates as for road traffic noise were found for railway noise, with no clear thresholds. For aircraft noise, results were uncertain due to the low number of exposed participants.

Conclusion:

Our results support an association between road traffic and railway noise and obesity.
Change in Visual Acuity of Patients With Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy Over 1 Year
Authors: Dorado-Cortez Oliver , Crouzet Emmanuel , Trone Marie Caroline , Gain Philippe , He Zhiguo , Vaitinadapoule Hanielle , Mentek Marielle , Mascarelli Frédéric , Poinard Sylvain , Yasunaga Mari , Nishiuchi Go , Koizumi Noriko , Okumura Naoki , Thuret Gilles
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

To determine whether the clinical and paraclinical course of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) over 1 year is related to the extent of triplet repetition in the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene.

Methods:

A prospective study with a 1-year follow-up was conducted. A total of 104 patients (160 eyes) with FECD and an equivalent number of age- and sex-matched control subjects without FECD were included. At inclusion, the corneas were graded using the modified Krachmer grade (KG) and patients were genotyped for the number of trinucleotide repeats (TNRs) in the TCF4 gene by the short tandem repeat assay. Visual acuity, Scheimpflug tomographic features, and the Visual Function and Corneal Health Status using a visual disability instrument were measured on 2 visits at 1-year intervals.

Results:

KGs ranged from 1 to 6, and 46% of eyes had grades 1 to 4. 71% of the patients harbored TNR expansion (>40) versus 13% in control subjects (P < 0.001). Severity at inclusion was higher in the presence of TNR expansion when considering eyes independently (mean grade ±SD, 4.08 ± 1.42) without TNR expansion and 4.66 ± 1.27 with TNR expansion (P = 0.024). In 1 year, the ETDRS score significantly decreased by −2.97 (95% confidence interval −4.69 to −1.26, P = 0.001) and the ETDRS score with glare by −4.25 (95% confidence interval −6.22 to −2.27, P < 10−5). There was no relationship between the rate of decline and TNR expansion or KG. Central corneal thickness and Visual Function and Corneal Health Status scores did not significantly vary.

Conclusions:

It is possible to measure a subtle progression of FECD over a period as short as 1 year. We did not find a relationship between the presence of TNR expansion and the speed of deterioration over 1 year. This work should facilitate the design of future clinical trials on FECD.
Risk factors for cement leakage after percutaneous vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Yu , Zhou Zelin , Lu Guoliang , Ye Linqiang , Lao Aotian , Ouyang Shuai , Song Zefeng , Zhang Zhigang
Published: July 2024

Background:

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) may necessitate percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA), a procedure not without its risks. One notable complication is cement leakage (CL), which can cause significant distress in patients. Despite its clinical importance, there remains a paucity of meta-analyses investigating these complications and their management in the existing literature.

Material and methods:

The authors systematically reviewed PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to February 2024 to identify studies examining CL following PVA treatment in OVCF. The authors assessed the quality of eligible cohort studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), extracted data on incidence, identified risk factors for CL, and conducting meta-analysis with Revman 5.2 software. The authors calculated odd ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% CI applying random-effects models.

Results:

The authors identified twelve cohort studies that matched our strict inclusion criteria. These studies included a total of 2388 patients and 3392 vertebrae. CL was identified in 1132 vertebrae. Notable risk factors for CL included compromised cortical bone integrity (OR 5.00, 95% CI 3.01–8.29, P<0.00001), presence of intravertebral vacuum clefts (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.07–2.65, P=0.03), basivertebral foramen sign (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.09–2.89, P=0.02), and volume of cement used (MD 0.75, 95% CI 0.41–1.10, P<0.0001).

Conclusion:

The authors’ findings underscore the significance of cortical bone integrity, intravertebral vacuum cleft, basivertebral foramen sign, and cement volume as principal determinants of CL risk in PVA for OVCF. These insights advocate for tailored surgical strategies to mitigate the risk of CL in this patient population.
Clinical significance of circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases: a prospective cohort study using a novel method for monitoring treatment response, and assessing minimal residual disease
Authors: Frühling Petter , Moberg Louice , Ghanipour Lana , Birgisson Helgi , Graf Wilhelm , Ericsson Christer , Cashin P.H.
Published: July 2024

Background:

The treatment for patients with colorectal cancer with metastases to the peritoneum is complex and may involve both surgery and chemotherapy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been poorly investigated in peritoneal metastatic colorectal cancer. The aim of the study is to examine the role of CTCs as a biomarker for monitoring disease progression, treatment response, and residual disease using CellMate – a new promising in vitro diagnostic platform technology.

Materials and methods:

The authors prospectively followed the clinical outcomes of 46 patients treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases and examined whether CTCs were present the week of surgery. The CTC measurements were made with the CellMate technology, which is a platform technology to detect CTCs based on the difference in biomechanical properties compared to blood resident cells. The study was registered online (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Results:

CTCs were detected in 17 (37%) patients. The presence of CTCs was associated with shorter recurrence-free survival and overall survival after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Both recurrence-free survival (HR 4.00, 95% CI: 1.15–13.9; P=0.029) and overall survival (HR 5.91; 95% CI: 1.18–29.7; P=0.03) were significantly worse if CTCs were detected after neoadjuvant treatment. In the subgroup of patients with CTCs detected, adjuvant therapy tended to improve the prognosis while in CTC negative patients it did not.

Conclusions:

Pending a prospective multicenter trial to validate these findings, CTCs may in the future be used as a dynamic personalized biomarker for prognostication, predicting response to therapy, and for monitoring disease progression in colorectal cancer with metastases to the peritoneum.
Reproducibility of c-Met Immunohistochemical Scoring (Clone SP44) for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Conventional Light Microscopy and Whole Slide Imaging
Authors: Bontoux Christophe , Hofman Véronique , Chamorey Emmanuel , Schiappa Renaud , Lassalle Sandra , Long-Mira Elodie , Zahaf Katia , Lalvée Salomé , Fayada Julien , Bonnetaud Christelle , Goffinet Samantha , Ilié Marius , Hofman Paul
Published: July 2024

Emerging therapies for non–small cell lung cancer targeting c-Met overexpression have recently demonstrated promising results. However, the evaluation of c-Met expression can be challenging. We aimed to study the inter and intraobserver reproducibility of c-Met expression evaluation. One hundred ten cases with non–small cell lung cancer (40 biopsies and 70 surgical specimens) were retrospectively selected in a single laboratory (LPCE) and evaluated for c-Met expression. Six pathologists (4 seniors and 2 juniors) evaluated the H-score and made a 3-tier classification of c-Met expression for all cases, using conventional light microscopy (CLM) and whole slide imaging (WSI). The interobserver reproducibility with CLM gave global Cohen Kappa coefficients (ƙ) ranging from 0.581 (95% CI: 0.364-0.771) to 0.763 (95% CI: 0.58-0.92) using the c-Met 3-tier classification and H-score, respectively. ƙ was higher for senior pathologists and biopsy samples. The interobserver reproducibility with WSI gave a global ƙ ranging from 0.543 (95% CI: 0.33-0.724) to 0.905 (95% CI: 0.618-1) using the c-Met H-score and 2-tier classification (≥25% 3+), respectively. ƙ for intraobserver reproducibility between CLM and WSI ranged from 0.713 to 0.898 for the c-Met H-score and from 0.600 to 0.779 for the c-Met 3-tier classification. We demonstrated a moderate to excellent interobserver agreement for c-Met expression with a substantial to excellent intraobserver agreement between CLM and WSI, thereby supporting the development of digital pathology. However, some factors (scoring method, type of tissue samples, and expertise level) affect reproducibility. Our findings highlight the importance of establishing a consensus definition and providing further training, particularly for inexperienced pathologists, for c-Met immunohistochemistry assessment in clinical practice.
Effectiveness of Therapeutic Exercise for Children Undergoing Treatment for Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Linero-Bocanegra Miriam , García-Conejo Celia , Ramírez-Pérez Laura , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio Ignacio , Trinidad-Fernández Manuel
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic physical exercise (TPE) interventions on the physical functioning, psychosocial well-being, and quality of life (QoL) of children undergoing treatment for cancer.

Method:

Systematic review: databases were searched in April 2023. Selection criteria: children (<18 years old) undergoing treatment for cancer or a malignant neoplasm, randomized controlled trial design, utilization of TPE, and including physical and psychosocial outcomes. Internal validity was measured with Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale.

Results:

Seven randomized controlled trials were included. Most studies showed that strength, fatigue, and QoL improved after the intervention. Cardiorespiratory capacity through 6-minute walk test and physical activity levels were better in the experimental groups. No changes were noted in other variables.

Conclusions:

This review supports the importance of a TPE program during cancer treatment, with the aim of maintaining physical capacities and counteracting physical inactivity.
Chronic Pain Following Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Shiraishi Makoto , Sowa Yoshihiro , Inafuku Naoki , Sunaga Ataru , Yoshimura Kotaro , Okazaki Mutsumi
Published: July 2024

Background

Breast cancer survival rates have increased significantly, underscoring the importance of enhancing long-term health-related quality of life. Breast reconstruction following mastectomy has emerged as a common approach that contributes to improved health-related quality of life. Nonetheless, chronic pain following breast reconstruction is a prevalent issue that has a negative impact on overall well-being.

Methods

To examine recent findings on chronic pain after breast reconstruction and progress in pain management, we performed a review of the literature through independent searches using the MEDLINE database within NIH National Library of Medicine PubMed.

Results

The review suggested that autologous reconstruction causes chronic postsurgical pain, especially at specific donor sites, whereas implant-based reconstruction does not seem to increase the risk of chronic pain. Moreover, certain operational and patient factors are also associated with chronic pain. Appropriate pain management can reduce chronic pain and prevent the transition from acute to chronic pain.

Conclusion

This scoping review evaluated the characteristics of long-term chronic pain after breast reconstruction. The findings provide patients with important treatment information and will assist with their decision on their preferred treatment.
The Effect of Bowel Anastomosis on Outcomes in Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Shauly Orr , Marxen Troy , Menon Ambika , Rumbika Savanah , Ash Makenna , Jean-Baptiste Omar , Losken Albert
Published: July 2024

Background

In patients who require complex abdominal wall reconstruction (CAWR), the need for a bowel anastomosis could impact procedure choice and outcome. In this retrospective cohort study, we examine the effect of bowel anastomosis on complications and hernia recurrence.

Methods

All patients who underwent CAWR between 2011 and 2021 by the senior author were reviewed in a retrospective cohort analysis. Patients were included if they met the above criteria. Patients were excluded if they did not undergo the above procedure or if they underwent a different procedure simultaneously. Univariate analysis was performed for patients who underwent bowel anastomosis, and multiple variable logistic regression analysis was performed with respect to overall complications.

Results

A total of 264 patients underwent CAWR over a 10-year interval. A total of 41 patients underwent bowel anastomosis (16%), and 223 patients (84%) underwent CAWR without bowel anastomosis. Mean patient age was 55.50 ± 11.55 years. Mean patient body mass index was 32.36 ± 7.31 kg/m2. Mean follow-up time was 10.20 months. There was a significant difference in hernia repair etiology, with higher rates of recurrent hernia repair among patients receiving bowel anastomosis (odds ratio, 2.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.49–5.95; P = 0.0018). Acellular dermal matrix was used more frequently in patients who required a bowel anastomosis (odds ratio, 3.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.75–8.00; P = 0.0018). Major and minor complications were also significantly higher in this cohort. Regression analysis for overall complications revealed the presence of bowel anastomosis, fascial repair technique, and follow-up time as independent predictors of overall complications.

Conclusion

Bowel anastomosis performed at the time of CAWR significantly increased the rate of overall and major complications but did not predict hernia recurrence. Plastic surgeons should utilize this information in counseling patients and in deciding the most appropriate hernia repair technique.
Investigation of the Effect of Local and Systemic Preoperative Dexamethasone Application on Bone Tissue Healing in Mandibular Bone Defects
Authors: Yavuz Gunay Yapici , Keskinruzgar Aydin , Bozdag Zehra , Bayazit Seyma
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of locally and systemically delivered single-dose corticosteroid injections on bone tissue.

Study Design:

A total of 84 Wistar albino rats were divided into 2 groups as local and systemic injection groups, and 2 groups as control and experiment among themselves. Before the procedure, dexamethasone was given to the experimental group and physiological saline was given to the control group. A defect was created in the jawbone. It was sacrificed on the third, seventh, and 40th days. The mandible bones of the sacrificed rats were removed and the healing of the bone tissue was examined histopathologically.

Results:

No significant difference was observed in the tissue sections of the subjects sacrificed after 40 days. However, the increase in fibroblastic connective tissue and the number of osteoblasts were less in the experimental local groups that were sacrificed after 7 days compared with the control groups (P=0.040 and 0.041). Again, it was determined that there was a statistically significant decrease in the experimental local group compared with the experimental systemic group (P=0.040 and 0.004).

Conclusions:

It can be said that single-dose corticosteroid applications cause a delay in bone healing in the early period.
Jeremy David Pickett-Heaps. 5 June 1940—11 April 2021
Authors: Beech Peter , Forer Arthur
Published: July 2024

Jeremy Pickett-Heaps was a biologist whose acute observational powers were fed by a deep fascination for how cells work; he had an affinity for the myriad diversity of algae and other protists in general, and for what they could teach us about all cells. An early adopter of the electron microscope, he made fundamental discoveries in plant cell division and green algal phylogeny that developed into studies on cell division in general: first with the highly ordered diatoms and other protists, and later with animal cells. In the latter part of his career, Jeremy mastered time-lapse microcinematography to document the dynamic lives of cells and, through the resultant movies and his enthusiastic teaching, introduced many to the wonders of microscopic life.