bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Chat GPT Can Transform Autodidactic Experiences and Open Education?
Authors: Firat Mehmet
Published: January 2023

Chat GPT, powered by the advanced GPT-3 language model from OpenAI, has reached 1 million users only in 5 days. Facebook, Netflix, Instagram, and Twitter could reach this number in 300, 1200, 75, and 720 days. With 175 billion parameters, GPT-3 can generate writing that closely resembles human language. Chat GPT can engage in multiple ongoing conversations, understand and respond to natural language input, and offer customized and interactive assistance. This makes Chat GPT a promising tool for open education, as it can improve the independence and autonomy of autodidactic learners, while also being both practical and adaptable. By providing personalized support, direction, and feedback, Chat GPT has the potential to increase motivation and engagement among autodidactic learners.
FILSAFAT HUKUM SEBAGAI ILMU PENGETAHUAN DASAR HUKUM
Authors: Andrianza Lis Novi
Published: January 2023

The philosophy of science divides a study into two point of views, those are; positivistic which creates empiric study, and normative which creates normative study. The law study has both of those characteristics; in one hand, it has the real characteristics as a normative study; in the other hand, it has empiric characteristics which, later on, become the object study of sociological jurisprudence and socio legal jurisprudence. Therefore, if it is observed from this point of view, it can be concluded that the normative law study has a particular method of study, while empiric law study can be researched by qualitative or quantitative research methodology towards the characteristics of the data.
Coexpression signatures identify novel regulators of transposon expression in Drosophila
Authors: Lawlor Matthew A , Cao Weihuan , Ellison Christopher E.
Published: January 2023

Transposable elements (TEs) are selfish DNA sequences that can replicate themselves in their host's genome. Hosts have evolved specialized strategies for mitigating the deleterious consequences of TE activity. In Drosophila, the piRNA pathway is the primary transposable element (TE) control pathway. However, many TEs are only expressed in specific cell types, raising the possibility that transcription factors (TFs) also regulate TEs in a sequence-specific manner. Indeed, recent studies in mammals have identified TF families that regulate TE expression in parallel with small RNA pathways, but the contribution of such factors to TE expression regulation in Drosophila remains poorly understood. We leveraged natural expression variation across genetic backgrounds in wild populations of Drosophila to test the hypothesis that TE expression should correlate with the expression of such trans-acting factors. We analyzed coexpression relationships between individual host genes and TEs while controlling for factors that commonly influence TE expression estimates. Our analysis indicates that the expression of some TFs is predictive of TE expression. We find evidence that some of these factors act as regulators of known TE silencing genes, while others may act by binding TE-derived sequences distributed throughout the genome. These results provide a list of candidates for future examination of host/TE interplay, including studies of TF co-option or instances of TE-mediated expansion of host gene regulatory networks.
Evolution of parental roles in phase portraits of bimatrix asymmetric games
Authors: Semenova Olga Vladimirovna , Alexey Brazhnikov , Butovskaya Marina L.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we address the evolutionary dynamic of parental roles by referring to the game theory method. Utilizing a parenting deception game, we expanded the classical list of phase portraits for bimatrix asymmetric games including some explicatory cases, which have been out of broad research interest up until now. Presenting models are apt to deliver some novel insights into the evolution of parental care. We also introduced several hypothetical events that served as illustrations of an arising alteration in cost-benefits for both parents and simulated a subsequent evolutionary endpoint.Presented phase portraits revealed that evolutionary outcomes for reproductive decisions of both parents could be totally predicted by certain matrices payoff, which serve as proxies for a Darwinian fitness gain. In this sense, the result of a frequency-dependent selection on reproductive traits would inevitably depend on fitness costs and benefits arising for both parents in various biosocial circumstances.We demonstrated that population division could be a plausible evolutionary consequence for any human mating game where ‘reproductive defection’ represents the best response to any action by the reproductive opponent.We conclude that future evolutionary studies of human reproductive behavior should be more oriented on estimating a sex-biased asymmetry in potential fitness gains obtained by cooperative and deceptive parents in diverse environments and cultures.
Inspiration of Artificial Intelligence in Adult Education: A Narrative Overview
Authors: Khan Muskan , Lulwani Mumta
Published: January 2023

Inspiration of Artificial Intelligence in Adult Education: A Narrative Overview
meltPT: A Python package for basaltic whole-rock thermobarometric analysis with application to Hawai'i
Authors: McNab Fergus , Ball Patrick
Published: January 2023

Quantifying the depths and temperatures from which igneous rocks are derived is an important step in understanding volcanic, magmatic and mantle processes. We present meltPT, a Python package that allows users to apply twelve published whole-rock thermobarometers within a consistent framework, as well as combine thermobarometric results and geothermal models to estimate mantle potential temperatures. We apply meltPT to basaltic rocks from mid-ocean ridges and the Hawai'ian Islands. We find mid-ocean ridge basalts equilibrate between 1-2 GPa and 1275-1475 oC, corresponding to an ambient mantle potential temperature of ~1400 oC. We estimate that the Hawai'ian plume has an excess temperature of ~150 oC. Hawai'ian melt-equilibration depths increase from 1-3 GPa to 2.5-5 GPa through each island's life cycle. Our results indicate that multiple lithologies are present within the plume, and that transient plume reconfiguration in response to changing plate velocity is a viable mechanism for generating Hawai'i's two geochemically distinct plume tracks.
Language deficits in GRIN2A mutations and Landau–Kleffner syndrome as neural dysrhythmias
Authors: Benítez-Burraco Antonio , Hoshi Koji , Murphy Elliot
Published: January 2023

This paper examines epilepsy-related aphasias in connection with GRIN2A mutations, focusing on acquired childhood epileptic aphasias, in particular, on Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS). Characterizing LKS as neural dysrhythmias, we review how EEG abnormalities typically manifested during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep as electrical status epilepticus are related to the sleeping disorders partly caused by GRIN2A mutations. We explore how neural mechanisms and recording measures such as sharp-wave ripples, sleep spindles, slow oscillations, and their cross-frequency couplings are necessary for language-related processes which are perturbed in LKS, accounting in part for the epileptic aphasia.
Risks in Nepalese Microfinance Institutions (MFIs): A Review of Best Practices
Authors: Lamichane Basudev
Published: January 2023

This article aims to analyze possible risks in microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Nepal during the loan disbursement decision. Effective risk management allows MFIs to capitalize on new opportunities and to minimize threats to their financial viability. MFIs consciously take a risk to fulfill their dual mission of sustainability and outreach to the poor. Consequently, they are exposed to a spectrum of risks which include institutional risk, operational risk, financial risk, and external risk. MFIs need to manage these risks for their survival and sustainability. They take risks every day by lending money to people without credit histories, without business records, and often without collateral. Each MFI takes risks to operates as a successful microfinance institution. But it is important to take calculated risks. Risk Management is always focused on the process of taking calculated risks. It includes both the prevention of potential problems and the early detection of problems. Risk management is an ongoing process of systematically identifying, measuring, monitoring, and managing risks in MFIs. It is important to ensure that MFIs operate in a safe, responsible, and sound manner towards their mission.
निर्बन्ध उपन्यासको नारीवादी अध्ययन {Feminist Studies of the Essay Novel}
Authors: लुइटेल Luitel कल्पना Kalpana
Published: January 2023

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन  निर्बन्ध उपन्यासको नारीवादी अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । यस अध्ययनका लागि नारीवादी समालोचनका क्षेत्रमा प्रचलित कृतिभित्र पुरुष पात्रले नारीलाई हेर्ने दृष्टिकोण, नारीप्रतिको लेखकीय दृष्टिकोण, कृतिमा नारीले प्राप्त गरेको सामाजिक अधिकार, आर्थिक अधिकार, नागरिक तथा राजनीतिक अधिकार, सांस्कृतिक अधिकार, यौन तथा प्रजननअधिकारका साथै उपन्यासको कालगत, वर्गीय र उपन्यासको जातीय सन्दर्भको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । उपन्यासको प्रमुख पुरुष पात्रलाई परिवर्तन गर्न सफल हुनाले म पात्र नारीवादी दृष्टिले सबल देखियो भने अन्य पात्रहरू नारीवादी दृष्टिले दुर्बल पाइयो । आधारभूत मानवाधिकारका दृष्टिले हेर्दा म पात्रले सामाजिक अधिकार उपयोग गरेको पाइयो तर त्यो अधिकारको उपयोग नारीको सवाललाई सामाजिक परिवर्तनका रूपमा एकीकृत गरी उठाउन सकेको पाइएन । उपन्यासमा नायिकाकोआर्थिक र राजनीतिक स्वतन्त्रता छ तर अन्य पात्रले सो स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त गर्न सकेका छैनन् । नायिका स्वतन्त्र यौन एवम्प्रजनन सम्बन्धी विशेष अधिकारप्रति सचेत देखिएको पाइएन । निर्बन्ध उपन्यासमा कालगत, वर्गीय र जातीय सन्दर्भ मध्ये कालगत दृष्टिले   नारीवाद सबल देखिए पनि वर्गीय र जातीय दृष्टिले कमजोर देखियो । नायिकाले परापूर्वकालदेखि चलिआएको धर्म, संस्कृतिका कारण नारीमाथि गरिएको हिंसा विरुद्धको आफ्नो विद्रोह उत्तराद्र्धमा कमजोर बनाएको पाइएकाले यस उपन्यासमा नारीवादी विचारमा ठेस पुगेको देखियो ।
सामाजिक सुधारको मार्गमा एक चिहान उपन्यास {A grave novel on the road to social reform}
Authors: न्यौपाने Neupane विष्णु Bishnu
Published: January 2023

सामाजिक सुधारको मार्गमा एक चिहान उपन्यास शीर्षकको प्रस्तुत आलेखमा उपन्यासकार ह्दयचन्द्रसिंह प्रधानद्वारा लिखित‘एक चिहान’ उपन्यासमा व्यक्त भएको सामाजिक सुधारका मार्गहरूको अध्ययन, विश्लेषण र निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । वि.सं. २०११ साल आसपासको नेपाली सामाजिक जीवनको सन्दर्भ उपन्यासमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । वि.सं. २००७ सालको राजनीतिक परिवर्तनपछि आमजनमानसमा चेतनाको अभिवृद्धि भए पनि शोषक, सामन्त र षडयन्त्रकारीहरूको भने दबदबा नै रहेकाले सर्वसाधारणले दुःख पाइरहेकै अवस्था थियो । सर्वसाधारणहरूमा यी दुःख र सास्तीबाट मुक्ति प्राप्त गर्ने तीव्र चाहना रहेको थियो । विद्यमान समाजमा जरा गाडेर रहेका कुसंस्कार, कुप्रवृत्तिको बिस्तारै भण्डाफोर हुँदै गएको तथा आमजनमानसमा तिनै खराब प्रवृत्ति, सामाजिक चालचलन, मानवीय प्रवृत्तिमा परिवर्तनको चाहना रहेको थियो भन्ने विषय विवेच्य उपन्यासमा व्यक्त भएको छ । प्रस्तुत कृतिपरक अनुसन्धानमूलक लेखमा सामाजिक सुधारका विविध पक्षहरूमध्ये सामाजिक, आर्थिक र सांस्कृतिक सन्दर्भहरू कृतिगत तथ्य र साक्ष्यका आधारमा विषयको विवेचना गरिएको छ । गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढांचामा आधारित प्रस्तुत लेखमा पुस्तकालय कार्यका आधारमा प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक स्रोत सामग्रीको सङ्कलन, अध्ययन, विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्षीकरण गरिएको छ । ‘एक चिहान’ उपन्यासमा प्रस्तुत विविध विषयहरूमध्ये सामाजिक,आर्थिक र सांस्कृतिक पक्षको मात्र विवेचना गरिनु यस लेखको सीमा हो । प्रस्तुत कृतिले समाजमा जरा गाडेर बसेका रूढिवादी मूल्यमान्यतामा परिवर्तन वा सुधार गर्ने अपेक्षा राखेको छ । उपन्यासमा प्रस्तुत तिनै सन्दर्भमार्फत् सामाजिक मूल्य तथा मान्यताप्रति आममानिसहरूलाई सचेत, जागरुक गराउनु यस लेखको निष्कर्ष हो ।
Knowledge, Attitude and Level of Involvement of Married Males in Family Planning
Authors: Bag N. I. , Sahu M. , Paul B. , Das R. , Bandyopadhyay L. , Bhattacharyya M. , Maitya S.
Published: January 2023

Background There is an age-old notion that family planning is women’s responsibility disregarding the fact that men have equal responsibility in fertility regulation. Although male involvement is getting more recognition, studies on men’s role in family planning are very few in the number in this part of the world.

Objective To assess the knowledge, attitude and level of male involvement in family planning and to find out the factors associated with male involvement by contraceptive usage.

Method A community based cross-sectional study was done from May to July 2021 among 165 currently married male, who had at least one child, living in Singur district of West Bengal. Cluster sampling method was done to select study participants and data were collected by pre-designed pretested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression was applied and data were analysed applying SPSS software.

Result Only 36.4% participants were directly involved in family planning either by using condom or by withdrawal method but 65.5% participants were indirectly involved in family planning through spousal communication either by approving contraceptive use to their spouse or by decision making regarding family planning. Moreover, barrier of contraceptives usage were side effect (27%) and fear of impotence (25.5%). Male involvement was significantly associated with participant’s education [AOR (95% CI= 3.63 (1.45-9.05)], caste [AOR (95% CI= 7.06 (2.55-19.51)], number of living children [AOR (95%CI= 5.01(1.95-12.87)], desire for more child [AOR (95% CI=0.34 (.13-.87)] and attitude on family planning [AOR (95% CI= 3.55 (1.41-8.94)].

Conclusion This study identified the prevailing gender norms in rural areas. Advocacy for male involvement in family planning by health personnel during counselling of eligible couples should help in increasing contraceptive coverage in the long run.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Postpartum Depression among Mothers Visiting Immunization Clinic at Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari N. , Shrestha B. , Chand B. , Basel P.
Published: January 2023

Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a disabling but treatable mental disorder that represents one of the most common complications of childbearing which can exert a wide range of effect on social, physical and mental health conditions of the mother and baby.

Objective To identify the prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression among mothers visiting immunization clinic at Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet in year 2020.

Method This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 347 postpartum mothers were interviewed for data collection. Validated Nepali version of Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to identify postpartum depression. These mothers were permanent resident of Birendranagar who had delivered their babies in municipal hospital. Analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0. Chi square test was applied to identify association of postpartum depression with major interest of variables namely parity of mother, sex of a baby and recent planned or unplanned pregnancy. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% Confidence Interval (CI).

Result The prevalence of postpartum depression was found to be 32.9% (27.9%, 37.8%). Several factors which were significantly associated with postpartum depression were; sex of the baby, history of abortion and recent pregnancy planned or unplanned.

Conclusion Nearly one-third of postpartum mothers had depression. Hence screening of mothers for depression is of prime importance throughout the continuum of care. Likewise, the factors identified for postpartum depression needs to be taken care of well in advance for healthy mother and a baby.
Impervious Surface Detection in Semi-Urban Environment Using Lidar Data and High Resolution Aerial Photographs
Authors: Baral Govinda
Published: January 2023

Land use information plays a vital role in effective management of natural resources in any country. It helps manage water, soil, nutrients and plants, animals and provides relationships between land use dynamics, economics and social conditions both in urban and rural areas. The land use and land cover mapping is always a dynamic issue in every country because of the dynamic nature of the land use. Knowledge of land use change patterns has important implications in sustainable development and sustainable environmental management. Impervious surfaces are generally defined as any anthropogenic materials that water cannot infiltrate. Increase in impervious land in urban area is causing high accumulation of storm water during the wet season and causing widespread flooding.This research develops an improved method for impervious land use detection using object–oriented classification system. Although pixel-based approaches have certain strong merits and remain in widespread use, operating at the spatial scale of the pixel can have major drawbacks. Foremost among these is that a pixel’s spatial extent may not match the extent of the land cover feature of interest. That is pixel’s spatial extent may not match the extent of the land cover feature of interest-the problem of mixed pixels may lead to misclassification. Also, when object of interest is considerably larger than the pixel size such as VHR images, urban area comparisons show that the object oriented approach is superior to pixel based approach in terms of accuracy. Object Oriented classification technique is used to separate urban and non-urban features. Negative values of NDVI helped to classify impervious area. Non elevated impervious surfaces are well addressed by NDVI threshold. LiDAR data is used to separate elevated impervious area. By and large, the research shows that impervious land in urban area can be detected using the developed technique with satisfactory accuracy.
Perlindungan, penegakan dan pemenuhan hak atas tanah korban lumpur Lapindo
Authors: Latifaturrohmah Tsabita , Junarto Rochmat
Published: January 2023

Provision of insufficient compensation for community land and/or buildings submerged in the Lapindo mudflow presents a challenge in providing clarity on settlement information and the legal status of the land. The social and legal challenge for settling compensation is faced with discrimination in payment of the Map of the Affected Area, including the status of the land after the disaster. A qualitative method was used in this study, along with a literature search. A total of 54 secondary data points were collected and descriptively analyzed in order to validate the compensation process and evaluate the legal status of the land in accordance with laws and regulations. According to the findings, the government has declared the area that sank as a natural disaster as a result of the Lapindo mudflow. The government and the company are responsible for dealing with the disaster, with all compensation funding coming from the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) and other legitimate funding sources. Plots of land owned by the community that were submerged in mud were classified as destroyed land because the community was unable to maintain and maintain the identity of the physical form, location, boundaries, area, shape, and function of their land rights. In the future, the silted-up expanse of land will have the status of state land, and the state will be able to grant land rights to the community or parties in need by applying for rights.
 
Pemberian ganti kerugian yang belum tuntas terhadap tanah dan/atau bangunan milik masyarakat yang terendam lumpur Lapindo menimbulkan tantangan untuk memberikan kejelasan informasi penyelesaiannya dan status hukum tanahnya. Tantangan sosial dan legal untuk penyelesaian ganti kerugian tersebut dihadapkan pada diskriminasi pembayaran atas Peta Area Terdampak termasuk status tanah pasca kejadian bencana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan penelusuran pustaka. Sejumlah 54 data sekunder yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk memvalidasi proses ganti kerugian dan mengevaluasi status hukum tanah yang sesuai peraturan perundangan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah menetapkan area yang tenggelam akibat semburan lumpur Lapindo sebagai bencana alam. Pemerintah dan pihak perusahaan bertanggung jawab menanggulangi bencana tersebut dengan segenap pembiayaan ganti kerugian dari Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Negara (APBN) dan sumber pendanaan lainnya yang sah. Bidang-bidang tanah milik masyarakat yang terendam lumpur dikategorikan sebagai tanah musnah karena masyarakat tidak mampu menjaga dan memelihara identitas wujud fisik, letak, batas, luas, bentuk, dan fungsi hak atas tanahnya. Pada masa depan, hamparan tanah karena endapan lumpur tersebut berstatus sebagai tanah negara dan negara dapat kembali memberikan hak atas tanah kepada masyarakat atau pihak yang membutuhkan dengan permohonan hak.
APPLICATION OF FACTOR ANALYSIS AND THE DELPHI METHOD TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH TRAINING ORGANIZATIONS
Authors:   Health and Safety, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Turovska Halyna , Bohdanenko Oleksandr ,   Health and Safety, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering
Published: January 2023

Purpose. Developing a methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of occupational safety and health training organizations and building a system of appropriate risk assessments. Methodology. The effectiveness evaluation of occupational safety and health training organizations was based on using "radar charts" together with factor analysis to define important indicators of training monitoring and the Delphi method to build a system of appropriate risk assessments. Results. In the article, the effectiveness assessment of training organizations has been carried out. This assessment is based on the results of monitoring, questionnaire surveys and applying the Delphi method. The assessment has been done for every training organization with the determination of relevant levels and the most important indicators, which affect the effectiveness of occupational safety and health training. The levels and the indicators have been grouped. The analysis of expert evaluation for selected groups of indicators has been performed and their evaluation criteria have been presented. The analysis has been done in order to make the conclusions about improving the effectiveness of occupational safety and health training organizations with developing measures for advancing the existing conditions. The substantiation of the correspondence of the proposed methods of evaluating the indicators, their filling in accordance to the evaluation criteria, has been carried out. Scientific novelty. The methodology of the effectiveness evaluation of occupational safety and health training organizations has been developed. The use of "radar charts" has been justified for the effectiveness evaluation of training. This rationale gives the opportunity to define the most important training indicators from expert survey results in factor analysis. The existing requirements of occupational safety and health training have been justified with detecting the relationship between indicators. Their assessment has been carried out and based on the use of factor analysis and the Delphi method. Practical significance. The use of the developed methodology in practice allows to reduce the number of occupational accidents and diseases, improve the quality of employee training and find the motivation to success.
MERKEZ BANKASI DİJİTAL PARASI VE PARA POLİTİKASININ ETKİNLİĞİ
Authors: ACAR BALAYLAR Nilgün
Published: January 2023

Son yıllarda merkez bankalarının finansal ve reel krizlerin çözümünde büyük rol oynaması nedeniyle merkez bankalarına yönelik beklentiler aşırı derecede artmıştır. Ancak, para politikasının da sınırları vardır. Özellikle finansın küreselleşmesi ve finansal yenilikler para politikasını sınırlayan etkenler arasındadır. Bu çalışmada yakın geçmişte hızlanan finans alanında dijitalleşme ile birlikte merkez bankalarının yeni düzene uyumu çerçevesinde çıkarmaya hazırlandıkları merkez bankası dijital para birimi (CBDC), para politikalarının etkinliği açısından analiz edilecektir.
Clinical and prognostic features of venous hypertensive myelopathy from craniocervical arteriovenous fistulas: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Yinqing , Ma Yongjie , Song Zihao , Yang Chengbin , Tu Tianqi , Yang Kun , He Chuan , Li Guilin , Hu Peng , Sun Liyong , Ye Ming , Zhang Hongqi
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

Current knowledge about venous hypertensive myelopathy (VHM) is incomplete. This study was performed with the aim of clarifying the clinical features and outcomes of craniocervical VHM.

METHODS

This retrospective, single-center cohort study included 65 patients with craniocervical junction arteriovenous fistulas resulting in VHM treated in Xuanwu Hospital from January 1, 2002, to December 30, 2020. All patients underwent microsurgery or endovascular treatment. The primary outcome was neurological function assessment using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale, modified Aminoff-Logue Scale (mALS), and Venous Hypertensive Myelopathy Scale (VHMS). The secondary outcomes were recurrences and postoperative adverse events. Pearson linear regression and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the relationships among the three scales. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to predict outcomes.

RESULTS

The mean patient age was 57.4 ± 11.4 years, and 88% of patients were male. The 1-year follow-up rate was 83.1%, and the 5-year follow-up rate was 50.8%. The VHMS was correlated with the JOA (R2 = 0.6722) and mALS (R2 = 0.7399) and increased the assessment accuracy by approximately 20% when compared with the other two scales. Overall, 25.9% of patients experienced delayed neurological decline beyond the 1-year follow-up. Further logistic regression suggested that age > 65 years was an independent predictor (OR 7.831, 95% CI 1.090–56.266; p = 0.041). Embolic recanalization and new bilateral symmetry feeders were the major reasons for recurrence. Recurrence increased the risk of adverse events after the second surgery (OR 20.455, 95% CI 1.170–357.320; p = 0.039).

CONCLUSIONS

CCJ AVFs resulting in VHM are a rare but deadly complication, and providers should be cautious of age-related delayed neurological decline and strive for a one-time anatomical cure.
Identification of risk factors associated with leptomeningeal disease after resection of brain metastases
Authors: Morshed Ramin A. , Saggi Satvir , Cummins Daniel D. , Molinaro Annette M. , Young Jacob S. , Viner Jennifer A. , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E. , Goldschmidt Ezequiel , Boreta Lauren , Braunstein Steve E. , Chang Edward F. , McDermott Michael W. , Berger Mitchel S. , Theodosopoulos Philip V. , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L. , Aghi Manish K. , Daras Mariza
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

Resection of brain metastases (BMs) may be associated with increased risk of leptomeningeal disease (LMD). This study examined rates and predictors of LMD, including imaging subtypes, in patients who underwent resection of a BM followed by postoperative radiation.

METHODS

A retrospective, single-center study was conducted examining overall LMD, classic LMD (cLMD), and nodular LMD (nLMD) risk. Logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards, and random forest analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with LMD.

RESULTS

Of the 217 patients in the cohort, 47 (21.7%) developed postoperative LMD, with 19 cases (8.8%) of cLMD and 28 cases (12.9%) of nLMD. Six-, 12-, and 24-month LMD-free survival rates were 92.3%, 85.6%, and 71.4%, respectively. Patients with cLMD had worse survival outcomes from the date of LMD diagnosis compared with nLMD (median 2.4 vs 6.9 months, p = 0.02, log-rank test). Cox proportional hazards analysis identified cerebellar/insular/occipital location (hazard ratio [HR] 3.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.73–6.11, p = 0.0003), absence of extracranial disease (HR 2.49, 95% CI 1.27–4.88, p = 0.008), and ventricle contact (HR 2.82, 95% CI 1.5–5.3, p = 0.001) to be associated with postoperative LMD. A predictive model using random forest analysis with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 in a test cohort identified tumor location, systemic disease status, and tumor volume as the most important factors associated with LMD.

CONCLUSIONS

Tumor location, absence of extracranial disease at the time of surgery, ventricle contact, and increased tumor volume were associated with LMD. Further work is needed to determine whether escalating therapies in patients at risk of LMD prevents disease dissemination.
Rurality index score and pediatric neuro-oncological outcome in Ontario
Authors: Kameda-Smith Michelle Masayo , Pond Gregory R. , Seow Hsien
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

Rapid access to neurosurgical decisions and definitive management are vital for the outcome of neurocritical patients. There are unique challenges associated with the provision of services required to maintain critical infrastructure for rural citizens. Given that a relationship between rurality, marginalization, and health outcomes has been identified as associated with higher mortality rates and higher rates of many diseases, the authors studied whether worse clinical outcomes were associated with rurality in pediatric neuro-oncological disease.

METHODS

Using linked administrative databases, the authors retrospectively analyzed a population-based cohort of patients diagnosed with a pediatric brain tumor between 1996 and 2017 in Ontario, Canada. The main variable of interest was the Rurality Index for Ontario (RIO; larger value denotes more rural); the main outcome was survival, while controlling for surgery and tumor type.

RESULTS

Of the 1428 patients included, 53.9% were male. Overall survival of all the children (controlling for surgery and tumor type) at 1, 5, and 10 years was 84.7%, 65.1%, and 58.4%, respectively. A total of 11.5% were classified as living in a rural area of Ontario. The distance to the nearest pediatric neurosurgical hospital ranged from 25.6 to 167.4 km. The RIO score was 0 in 38.7% of children, and the majority of patients had a RIO score < 40. A higher RIO score was not a significant factor (continuous p = 0.12/ordinal p = 0.18) associated with length of follow-up, indicating that rurality was not significantly linked to compliance with clinical follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

Rurality of the region in which pediatric neuro-oncological patients reside was not associated with patient outcome (HR 0.83, p = 0.39).
Method and Algorithm for Determining the Type of Traffic in an Encrypted Communication Channel
Authors: Ishkuvatov S.
Published: January 2023

The article proposes a method for determining the composition of protocols used in IPsec communication channel, based on the regularities of the chronology and the lengths of encrypted load packets. The characteristic informative features of the protocols are considered. An algorithm is given to obtain the length values of ESP packets containing arbitrary user data for common modes of IPsec tunnel operation.
Interrelation of Symmetry and Antisymmetry of Quasi-Orthogonal Cyclic Matrices with Prime Numbers
Authors: Sergeev A.
Published: January 2023

Quasi-orthogonal Hadamard matrices and Mersenne matrices with two and three values of the elements, used in digital data processing, are considered, as well as the basis of error-correcting codes and algorithms for transforming orthogonal images. Attention is paid to the structures of cyclic matrices with symmetries and antisymmetries. The connection between symmetry and antisymmetry of structures of cyclic Hadamard and Mersenne matrices on a orders equal to prime numbers, products of close primes, composite numbers, powers of a prime number is shown. Separately, orders equal to the degrees of the prime number 2 are distinguished, both the orders of Hadamard matrices and the basis of the composite orders of Mersenne matrices of block structures with two element values. It is shown that symmetric Hadamard matrices of cyclic and bicyclic structures, according to the extended Riser boundary, do not exist on orders above 32. Mersenne matrices of composite orders belonging to the sequence of Mersenne numbers 2k ‒ 1 nested in the sequence of orders of the main family of Mersenne matrices 4t ‒ 1 exist in a symmetric and antisymmetric form. For orders equal to the powers of a prime number, Mersenne matrices exist in the form of block-diagonal constructions with three element values. The value of prime power determines the number of blocks along the diagonal of the matrix on which the elements with the third value are located. The cyclic blocks are symmetrical and antisymmetric.
Multi-Core Optical Fiber with Stepped Single-Mode Cores. Part 1. Insulation with Solid Clads
Authors: Bylina M. , Gultyaeva L.
Published: January 2023

An optical fiber with several unrelated cores inside a common clad (multi-core fiber) is used to increase the capacity of linear paths of communication systems. The number of cores in one fiber is limited by mutual influences between them, to reduce which various design solutions are used. The aim of the work is to compare various multicore fibers and identify structures that allow placing the largest number of cores in a common shell with a standard diameter of 125 microns.

In the first part of this paper, modeling of single-mode fibers with cores isolated by additional solid shells is carried out. As a result of modeling, the characteristics of the fundamental modes of the cores of each fiber are calculated – the distribution of the electric field strength, chromatic dispersion and the diameter of the field of the fundamental mode, a technique is proposed and an assessment of mutual influences is carried out, the maximum possible number of cores is determined. It is shown that the insulating clad reduces mutual influences and allows increasing the number of cores by reducing the distance between them.
Modern Approach to Data Collection and Processing from Automatic Identification System for Ship Traffic Organization
Authors: Karetnikov V. , Kosiak Ya. , Danilov O. , Bespalov A.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the collection and generalization of automatic identification system (AIS) data on the movement of ships, both on inland waterways and in coastal marine areas. The list of information necessary for the further carrying out of researches on the organization of movement is defined. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of obtaining data from technical means of communication and open online resources. The approach to statistical data accumulation from AIS receiver using Raspberry Pi single-board microcomputer has been offered. The application, which reads data from the serial port and transfers them to the library and then to the PostgreSQL database management system server, is implemented. It is concluded that the proposed approach is constructive and potentially effective.
Usage of LDPC Codes in a Gilbert Channel
Authors: Ovchinnikov A. , Veresova A. , Fominykh A.
Published: January 2023

Although low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes in modern communication standards have been extensively studied over a memoryless channel, their burst error correction capacity in channels with memory has yet to be thoroughly analyzed. The conventional approach to transmission in channels with memory uses interleaving within a buffer of several codewords. However, such an approach reduces the efficiency of the redundancy embedded by the error-correcting code. It is known from information theory that considering channel memory during decoding allows the transmission rate to be increased. An evaluation of the decoding error probability of different types of low-density parity-check codes in channels with memory is presented along with estimates of minimum distance and burst error correction capability for the considered codes. The decoding error probability is estimated for conventional decoding with deinterleaving and decoding taking channel memory into account. The decoding error probability is estimated for several parameters of a channel with memory and different buffer lengths. The obtained results reveal the absence of the unique decoding approach for all parameters of the channel with memory. The best decoding error probability is determined by the degree of channel memory correlation.
Decision Support Methodology Based on Evaluation of Customer Experience and Telecommunications Operator Efficiency Indicators
Authors: Akishin V.
Published: January 2023

The article considers the methodology for dynamic analysis of the cognitive model for assessing customer experience in the context of communication providers. The relevance of the study is due to the need for telecom operators to have a decision support system that allows analyzing dependence of customer experience on the efficiency of the company's operating environment, as well as emulating customer experience management scenarios in the context of the main sales and service processes. The objective of the study is to formalize the methodology of dynamic analysis of the model for assessing the integral customer experience that is based on fuzzy cognitive maps of the hierarchical structure. In particular, the mechanics of changing target factors (i.e., customer experience indicators) when perturbing control factors (i.e., operational performance indicators that affect customer experience) are investigated.
NONLOCAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM IN SPACES OF EXPONENTIAL TYPE OF DIRICHLET-TAYLOR SERIES FOR THE EQUATION WITH COMPLEX DIFFERENTIATION OPERATOR
Authors: Il'kiv V. , Strap N. , Volyanska I.
Published: January 2023

Problems with nonlocal conditions for partial differential equations represent an important part of the present-day theory of differential equations. Such problems are mainly ill possed in the Hadamard sence, and their solvability is connected with the problem of small denominators. A specific feature of the present work is the study of a nonlocal boundary-value problem for partial differential equations with the operator of the generalized differentiation $B=zd/dz$, which operate on functions of scalar complex variable $z$. A criterion for the unique solvability of these problems and a sufficient conditions for the existence of its solutions are established in the spaces of functions, which are Dirichlet-Taylor series. The unity theorem and existence theorems of the solution of problem in these spaces are proved. The considered problem in the case of many generalized differentiation operators is incorrect in Hadamard sense, and its solvability depends on the small denominators that arise in the constructing of a solution. In the article shown that in the case of one variable the corresponding denominators are not small and are estimated from below by some constants. Correctness after Hadamard of the problem is shown. It distinguishes it from an illconditioned after Hadamard problem with many spatial variables.
Universal Notions in Culture and Methodology of Traditionalism
Authors: Vyshynskyi Sviatoslav
Published: January 2023

The article examines the methodology of integral traditionalism as a tool for the analysis of myth, art, literature and the identification of universal metaphysical foundations of culture. René Guénon’s teaching is considered as one of methods of literary criticism that goes beyond philology itself. The methodological approaches of traditionalism, whiche were ahead of the structuralist turn in the humanities, allow to enrich the field of literary studies as well. The article points out its advantages and disadvantages, and compares the traditionalists’ approach with the more measured method of Mircea Eliade and his view of “mystical” and “esoteric” creativity in literature. According to traditionalism, some literary texts should be read primarily as works of a metaphysical and occult nature. This means that a purely philological approach to their analysis may be counterproductive. Traditionalists propose to go beyond literary studies and connect it not only with philosophy and religious studies, but also with theology and metaphysics. In this study, we show how René Guenon and his students interpreted the texts of Dante Alighieri, Victor Hugo, Gustav Meyrink, Hermann Hesse and others from the perspective of esotericism. At the same time, we show the limitations of this approach in the analysis of poetry and works of mass literature, where authors are guided by fashion or pure sensual inspiration.
Pudendal nerve versus Lower Limb nerves electrophysiological abnormalities in diabetics with erectile dysfunction in Baghdad
Authors: Al-Hadeethi Mohammed
Published: January 2023

ِAbstract:

Autonomic neuropathy, vasculogenic causes, endocrine deficit, drug-induced, psychosocial problems, or a combination of these causes might lead to Erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim:

This study aimed to compare between pudendal neuropathy against limb neuropathy in patients with diabetics and complaining from Erectile dysfunction by considering the Electrophysiological studies.

Methodology:

84 diabetic subjects were enrolled in this analytic cross-sectional study with an average age of 38.4 years presented with impotence. All of them were assessed by Electrophysiological studies using Bulbocavernosus induced Reflex to assess competence of pudendal nerve and other nerve studies to assess lower limbs nerve competences.

Results:

The results of assessing the pudendal nerve versus limb nerves revealed earlier involvement of the peripheral lower limb nerves in comparison with pudendal nerve.

Conclusion:

Electrophysiological assessment is a practical test which can be useful in identifying neurologic deficit of diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction.
Impact of sociodemographic characteristics and drug-related side effects on quality of life of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving sorafenib treatment in Iraqi hospitals
Authors: H. Qasim Tuqa , J. Ibraheem Mazin , Jabarah Mohammed Abdul- Hassan
Published: January 2023

Background: Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor which has been given approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and advanced renal cell carcinoma . However, measuring quality of life and patient-reported symptoms may provide further information for evaluating and comparing treatment efficacy and toxicity profiles during cancer treatment. Despite the critical importance of patients' quality of life while receiving anticancer treatment, neither Iraqi patients undergoing anti-cancer medications in general nor those receiving Sorafenib in particular had any published data evaluating this important parameter.
Objectives: The study aimed to assess the quality of life of Sorafenib-treated Iraqi patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed at the oncology clinic of (Oncology Teaching Hospital, Al-Amal Hospital and Al -Imamein Al- Kadhimein Medical City in Baghdad, Iraq) during the period from November 2021 to July 2022. Patients were enrolled in current study by using a convenient sampling method. Assessment of quality of life was performed using a questionnaire from the “European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer”. Statistical analyses were performed using statistical package for Social Sciences. Student’s t-test and ANOVA test were used to compare categorical data. P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The present study included 52 patients in total. Of the latter, 90.4% experienced fatigue, making it the most frequent adverse event, followed by anorexia, anemia, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting (71.2%, 67.3%, 65.4%, 59.6%, 26.9%, respectively). In spite of that, some participants had a good quality of life while others did not.
Conclusion: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma on sorafenib treatment have variable quality of the life. The latter is significantly affected by patients’ sociodemographic characteristics and treatment-related adverse events.
Klassische Theorien Sozialer Arbeit und soziale Bewegungen
Authors: Werner Melanie
Published: January 2023

Soziale Arbeit hat sich immer wieder zu sozialen Bewegungen ins Verhältnis gesetzt – dieses aber nicht weiter definiert. Dieses Buch geht dem Verhältnis von Sozialer Arbeit zu sozialen Bewegungen empirisch nach und betrachtet den Entstehungszeitraum Sozialer Arbeit – das Deutsche Kaiserreich und die Weimarer Republik. Die Autorin fragt danach, wie in Zeitschriften der Arbeiterbewegungen, der Jugendbewegung und der bürgerlichen Frauenbewegung sowie in klassischen Theorieansätzen Sozialer Arbeit die historischen Grundbegriffe „Volk“ und „Nation“ thematisiert werden und welche Schlüsse sich daraus auf das Verhältnis von Sozialer Arbeit zu sozialen Bewegungen ziehen lassen.
Liquid Helium as a reference may provide clarity for some neutron reflectometry experiments
Authors: Charlton T.C. , Guo Er-Jia , Lavrik N. , Fitzsimmons M.R.
Published: January 2023

Neutron reflectometry experiments infer the variation of the scattering length density of a smooth planar film as a function of depth averaged over the lateral dimensions of the sample from the intensity of a neutron beam reflected by the sample. Because the phase information of the neutron wave function is not preserved by an intensity measurement, most analyses rely on comparisons of data to predictions from models. Such comparisons do not provide unique solutions and can yield erroneous conclusions. A real-world example is provided. We show that in some limited cases, measurements of a sample immersed in the vapor and liquid phases of Helium may improve model selection.
Deep Learning Algorithm of 12-Lead Electrocardiogram for Parkinson Disease Screening
Authors: Yoo Hakje , Chung Se Hwa , Lee Chan-Nyoung , Joo Hyung Joon
Published: January 2023

Background:

Although idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) is increasing with the aging population, there is no adequate screening test for early diagnosis of IPD. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction begins in the early stages of IPD, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) contains precise information on the heart.

Objective:

This study is to develop an ECG deep learning algorithm that can efficiently screen for IPD.

Methods:

Data were collected from 751 IPD patients (2,138 ECGs), 751 age and sex-matched non-IPD patients (2,673 ECGs) as a control group, and 297 drug-induced Parkinsonism (DPD) patients (875 ECGs) as a disease control group. ECG data were randomly divided into training set, validation set, and test set at a ratio of 6:2:2. We developed a deep-convolutional neural network (CNN) consisting of 16 layers with Bayesian optimization that classified IPD patients by ECG data. The robustness of the deep learning model was verified through 5-fold cross-validation.

Results:

The AUROC of the model for detection of IPD was 0.924 (95% CI, 0.913–0.936) in the test set. That for detecting DPD was 0.473 (95% CI, 0.453–0.504). The sensitivities of the model according to Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III and Hoehn & Yahr scale were also similar.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the CNN-based deep learning model using ECG data showed quite good performance in identifying IPD patients. Standardized 12-lead ECG test could be one of the clinically feasible candidate methods for early screening of IPD in the future.