bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural toxins in food crops and their changes during processing
Authors: Hajšlová J. , Schulzová V. , Botek P. , Lojza J.
Published: February 2018

Many food plant contain specific secondary metabolites which are classified as toxins or antinutrients for humans. In this short review main groups of these bioactive compounds are introduced, potential hazard posed for consumers and related regulatory aspects are mentioned. Substances which are currently of greatest concern are discussed in a greater detail. Phytoestrogens and glucosinolates are shown as compounds that may under certain conditions, exhibit health protecting effects, toxic glycoalkaloids, have been selected as an example
of toxins occurring in staple crop, lectins and pyrrolizidine alkaloids represent as toxins responsible for recently documented outbreaks of food poisoning.
Acylglycosides as future food preservatives
Authors: Prekop J. , Červenková R. , Bartošová E. , Špičková Z. , Šmidrkal J. , Filip V. , Plocková M.
Published: February 2018

In this work monoesters of sucrose and 􀑑-glucose with fatty acids (both even and odd) were prepared as pure substances using the direct selective esterification of free sugar with bulky acylating agent. This compounds were examined for their antibacterial activity (against Gram-positive bacteria) and antifungal activity.
Functionality changes of natural antioxidants during food processing and storage
Authors: Pokorný J. , Schmidt Š. , T T Nguyen H.
Published: February 2018

Food raw materials and products contain inhibitors of oxidation reactions, both in the lipidic phase and the aqueous phase. The most important inhibitors are phenolic antioxidants. During food processing and storage, concentrations of antioxidants in the two phases reach an equilibrium. Phenolics react with lipidic free radicals, being converted into antioxidant free radicals, quinones, polymers and copolymers. Some degradation products possess an antioxidant activity, too. The relative antioxidant activity decreases with decreasing concentration of oxygen in the system and with increasing temperature. Antioxidants are more rapidly decomposed in surface layers. Health aspects of antioxidant degradation products are often neglected as the safety of antioxidant degradation products is mostly unknown.
Heat-induced degradation of inulin
Authors: Böhm A. , Kaiser I. , Trebstein A. , Henle T.
Published: February 2018

Abstract: Heat treatment of inulin at 135 to 190°C leads to a decrease in the measurable amount of the fructan, when quantified as fructose after enzymatic hydrolysis. Using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection, degradation of the fructan chains and concomitant formation of low-molecular products was observed, most likely representing di-D-fructose dianhydrides. Heat-induced degradation of inulin during thermal processing of foods like bakery products must be taken into account within the discussion about possible prebiotic properties of the fructan.
A new pathway of lactose degradation and arginine derivatization in milk
Authors: Mavric E. , Henle T.
Published: February 2018

Abstract: Recently, N-δ-[5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-oxo-imidazolon-2-yl]-􀑙-ornithine (PIO) was identified as a new arginine derivative, formed exclusively from the side-chain of peptide-bound arginine and degradation products of oligosaccharides with 1,4-glycosidic linkages, thus probably representing the major form of arginine derivatization in heated milk products. The formation mechanism of PIO was clarified via identification of a previously unknown C5 dicarbonyl precursor, namely 3,4-dideoxypentosulose (3,4-DDPs). 3,4-DDPs was isolated as the corresponding chinoxaline from reaction mixtures containing N-α-hippuryl arginine, lactose and o-phenylendiamine using semipreparative RP-HPLC. Identification was achieved using LC-MS as well as 1H- and 13C-NMR. The formation of 3,4-DDPs from lactose follows a new pathway of carbohydrate degradation in foods.
Dietary intake and urinary excretion of Maillard reaction products (MRPs)
Authors: Förster A. , Kühne Y. , Henle T.
Published: February 2018

The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of nutrition on the urinary excretion of Amadori products, pyrraline and pentosidine in a dietary study involving 18 healthy volunteers. Starting with day two, participants had to avoid Maillard product containing food for a period of 7 days, followed by day nine without dietary restrictions. Samples of 24 h-urine were collected and analysed for free furosine, pyrraline and pentosidine using dedicated chromatographic methods. For all MRPs, a significant decrease in the amount excreted with urine was observed due to the MRP-free diet. Urinary excretion of free pyrraline and fructoselysine, which was calculated from furosine analysis, were lowered about 90% from 3.9 ± 1.4 mg/d to 0.4 ± 0.3 mg/d and 7.2 ± 4.1 mg/d to 0.9 ± 0.2 mg/d, respectively. Urinary excretion of free pentosidine was only in the μg/d range and its decrease added up to 50% from 7.3 ± 3.7 μg/d to 3.4 ± 1.1 μg/d. These results indicate that renal excretion of MRPs is directly affected by dietary intake of those. With respect to the daily intake via heated foods, mainly as proteinbound derivatives, pyrraline seems to be of better bioavailability than the Amadori product and pentosidine. This points to different metabolic pathways. Whereas metabolic transformation of AGEs may quantitatively be of little importance, the major part of ingested Amadori products seems to be degraded in vivo.
Maillard reaction products from glucose-methionine mixtures affect iron utilization in rats
Authors: Delgado-Andrade C. , Seiquer I. , P Navarro M.
Published: February 2018

The influence of Maillard reaction products from glucose-methionine on iron bioavailability was investigated, and compared with those from glucose-lysine (both 40% moisture, 150°C, 90 min). Iron balance was carried out in rats fed diets containing 3% of the different samples and a control diet (AIN93-G). After the balance period, rats were sacrificed, haemoglobin and hematocrit were measured and some organs were removed to analyze iron content. Consumption of the diet containing glucose-methionine heated mixtures increased iron digestibility and bioavailability with respect to animals fed the glucose-lysine diet, although values of net absorption and retention did not reach significant differences between groups. Haemoglobin, hematocrit and iron in liver were unaffected with the different diets, but higher values of iron concentration in spleen were found among animals fed the glucose-methionine diet.
Antioxidant activity of acerola extracts
Authors: Nagamine I. , Sakurai H. , T T Nguyen H. , Miyahara M. , Parkányiová J. , Réblová Z. , Pokorný J.
Published: February 2018

West Indian cherries or acerola fruits (Malpighia glabra L.) are very rich in ascorbic acid, and also contain flavonoids and anthocyanins. Therefore, their antioxidant activity is interesting. Aqueous and methanolic acerola extracts increased the stability of β-carotene-linoleic acid emulsions against oxidation. Flavonoids and anthocyanins obviously enhanced the effect of ascorbic acid. The effect of natural acerola antioxidants was comparable to that of phenolic antioxidants, such as ferulic acid. During the determination of antioxidant activity in emulsions, carotene was destroyed following a complex kinetics in the beginning of oxidation, but the zeroth order kinetics in later stages of oxidation.
Red wine as resveratrol protective system -
Authors: Kolouchová I. , Zámostný P. , Bělohlav Z. , Melzoch K. , Siříšťová L.
Published: February 2018

The study describes an isomerization of trans-resveratrol exposed to diffused daylight in dependence on temperature and character of liquid sample (type of solvent, wine …). These effects were investigated using the reverse-phase-HPLC method. Trans-resveratrol isoform was light sensitive and under daylight isomerized to cis-isoform very easily. The exposition of trans-resveratrol solution by higher temperatures did not induce isomerization reaction if that was kept in dark. The wines were analyzed immediately after opening (0 hour), and again after 48 hours and after 17 days. The concentration of resveratrol in tested red wines was stable at 4°C, under room temperature the total amount of resveratrol in all cases increased.
Study of irradiated black pepper antioxidant activity changes
Authors: Suhaj M. , Rácová J.
Published: February 2018

Some antioxidant activities of extracts of irradiated black pepper (Piper nigrum) were evaluated. The ground black pepper was exposed to gamma-irradiation at doses from 5 to 30 kGy. The effect of irradiation on antioxidant properties of black pepper extracts was investigated by these methods: radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, determination of reducing power, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Irradiation resulted in a decrease of DPPH antiradical activity of black pepper extracts according to dose of irradiation. Reducing power was not changed by action of irradiation. Very important and sensitive differences in antioxidant activity of irradiated black pepper were investigated by EPR spectrometry and thiobarbituric acid method.
Antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity of coffee as affected by torrefacto roast
Authors: López-Galilea I. , Andueza S. , P de Peña M. , Cid C.
Published: February 2018

The addition of sugar at the end of the torrefacto roasting process could influence on the antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of coffee because sugar is one of the main precursors of Maillard reaction. The aim of the work was to study and compare the antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of some commercial roasted coffees which are selected to represent conventional roasted coffee and torrefacto roasted blends. When the percentage of torrefacto coffee was increased, the antioxidant activity increase and a slight tendency to decrease the pro-oxidant activity were observed. Moreover, a principal component analysis allowed to separate (a) brands by PC1 (46.9%) characterised by colour parameters defined by roast degree, and (b) torrefacto roast blends by PC2 (33.7%) characterised by antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity.
Chitin-glucan complex from Agaricus blazei, a potential raw material for production of food additives
Authors: Blafková P. , Synytsya A. , Čopíková J.
Published: February 2018

Agaricus blazei, a mushroom native to Brazil, is a perspective source for food industry. This mushroom has been widely used in folk medicine due to its possible medicinal value. The most important components of fruiting bodies of A. blazei are specific β-glucans with β-(1→3), β-(1→4) andβ-(1→6) glycosidic linkages. These polysaccharides are supposed to be responsible for some healthy properties of mushrooms (anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic ones). β-Glucans are associated with chitin forming water-insoluble chitin-glucan complex. This complex was isolated from fresh and dried mushrooms (separately from caps and stems) by alkali treatment using NaOH solution at 9°C for 2 h. The structure of chitin-glucan complex was analysed by diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy. β-Glucans were also analysed by Megazyme enzymatic method based on exo-1,3-β-glucanase and β-glucosidase catalysed hydrolysis and photometric determination of the released glucose.
Formation and decomposition of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol in model systems
Authors: Doležal M. , Calta P. , Velíšek J.
Published: February 2018

Model experiments were carried out using mixtures of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), its precursor glycerol, NaCl, water and an emulsifier. The aim of this study was to simulate formation and decomposition of 3-MCPD at the surface layers of thermally processed foods containing naturally present or intentionally added salt. The formed 3-MCPD levels depend on temperature and reach the maximum value at 230°C. One kg of glycerol gives rise to about 50 mg of 3-MCPD, while about 0.6 mg of 3-MCPD arise at 100°C. The rate constants k1 of 3-MCPD formation from glycerol and constants k2 of 3-MCPD decomposition were calculated employing the first order reaction kinetics. The rate constants k2 of 3-MCPD degradation are higher than the respective constants of its formation. Other kinetic parameters (time of maximum concentration) were also calculated and the achieved results were discussed with respect to levels of 3-MCPD in foods.
Changes of acrylamide levels in food products during technological processing
Authors: Dunovská L. , Hajšlová J. , Čajka T. , Holadová K. , Hájková K.
Published: February 2018

Acrylamide represents toxic compound presence of which in heat processed foodstuffs has been proven only recently. This chemical is of a great health concern since it is classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Relatively high amounts of acrylamide have been found mainly in starch rich foods such as potato chips, French fries, roast potatoes, breakfast cereals and crisp bread. Concentrations of this hazardous substance in certain food products may reach up to several mg/kg, depending on the type of raw commodity and the way of its processing. Changes of acrylamide levels in potato chips during frying process were monitored in our study. New analytical procedure employing gas chromatography coupled with high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/HRTOF-MS) was developed for this purpose. The major factors that affect acrylamide levels in chips such as asparagine and reducing sugars (the main precursors of acrylamide) content in raw potatoes as well as the processing conditions setting (time and temperature) were monitored. Under experimental conditions we used, rapid formation of acrylamide occurred after 150 s, temperature of oil bath was approx. 140°C at that time. In overfried chips the levels of acrylamide exceeded 10 mg/kg.
Determination of free amino acid and biogenic amine contents of hungarian sparkling wines
Authors: Simon-Sarkadi L. , Szőke E. , Kerekes A.
Published: February 2018

Comparative study was conducted on the basis of free amino acids and biogenic amines of Hungarian sparkling wines originated from 3 producers (Törley, Hungária, Balaton Boglár). Determination of amino acids and biogenic amines was accomplished by ion-exchange chromatography using an amino acid analyser. The dominant free amino acids in sparkling wines were proline and arginine and the major biogenic amine was spermidine. Based on results of chemometric analyses, free amino acid and biogenic amine contents seemed to be closely related to quality and the technology of sparkling wine making.
Rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of acrylamide in cereal products using bromination and GC/MS/MS
Authors: G Hamlet C. , M Jayaratne S. , A Sadd P.
Published: February 2018

A rapid and sensitive method has been developed and validated for the analysis of acrylamide in cereal products. A kinetic study showed that a quantitative bromination of acrylamide in cereal extracts could be achieved within 25 min at room temperature. By using GC/MS/MS an increase in signal to noise of between 70 to 100 could be achieved for samples with minimal clean up compared to conventional selected ion monitoring. Results obtained from the analysis of a FAPAS cereal test material showed good agreement with the assigned value.
Influence of high pressure and papain treatment on some aspects of beef meat quality
Authors: Schenková N. , Šikulová M. , Jeleníková J. , Pipek P. , Marek M. , Voldřich M.
Published: February 2018

Influence of post-rigor injection of papain solution and/or high pressure treatment (100, 200, 300 MPa for 10 min) on the quality of beef meat (musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis) was studied in terms of texture, microbial quality and some physico-chemical parameters (pH, drip loss, water holding capacity). Injection of papain and pressurisation to 100 MPa led to a significant increase of meat tenderness. Application of higher pressures did not lead to further tenderisation. After the 300 MPa pressure treatment the total flora of pressurised compared to untreated samples decreased of 2.5 log cycles.
FFA Evolution during storage of ground roasted coffee
Authors: Vila M. , P dePeña M. , Cid C.
Published: February 2018

Coffee acylglycerols hydrolysis and free fatty acids (FFA) oxidation reactions produce a FFA evolution that can affect to coffee quality during storage. The aim of this work was to study and to compare the FFA evolution of two ground roasted coffee samples: Brazilian Arabica 100% (A100) and Brazilian Arabica-India Cherry Robusta blend (A80:R20). Coffees were packaged under vacuum and stored at 25°C during 180 days. A significantly higher FFA initial concentration in A80:R20 coffee was observed. However, at 180 days, a higher increase of FFA concentration was shown in A100 sample. In conclusion, FFA oxidation seemed to be faster in A80:R20 blend than in A100.
BIOL 354W - Research Methods in Advance Microbiology v10
Authors: Leon Rosa
Published: February 2018

This protocol series will guide students through the experience of analyzing metagenomic data.
Una concepción del envejecimiento abierta e inclusiva. Edad y ciudadanía / An open and inclusive ageing concept. Age and citizenship
Authors: Subirats Humet Joan
Published: February 2018

RESUMENEn este artículo se trata de relacionar el gran cambio tecnológico y sus efectos en las esferas productiva, económica, social y política con las concepciones que tenemos sobre la estructura de edades y sobre la concepción de la vejez. Defendemos que la actual conceptualización hegemónica sobre el hacerse mayor tiene un alto nivel de obsolescencia ya que se fundamenta en lo que fue la sociedad industrial y sus estructuras sociales y productivas, marcadas por grandes continuidades y colectivos sociales notablemente homogéneos. La nueva realidad en la que estamos entrando velozmente nos obliga a repensar qué significa hoy hacerse mayor, aportándose aquí algunos elementos clave para ello.Palabras Clave: envejecer, ciudadanía, diversidad, autonomía, igualdad.ABSTRACTIn this article we try to relate the great technological change and its effects in the productive, economic, social and political spheres with the conceptions we have about the structure of ages and about the conception of old age. We defend that the current hegemonic conceptualization of becoming older has a high level of obsolescence since it is based on what industrial society was and its social and productive structures, marked by great continuities and social collectives remarkably homogeneous. The new reality in which we are entering in a very fast way forces us to rethink what it means ageing today, contributing here with some key elements for it.Keywords: aging, citizenship, diversity, autonomy, equality.
Impact of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum and local anesthetic combination on postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Aydın Oğuz Uğur , Soylu Lütfi
Published: February 2018

Objectives: Despite the advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
(LC), postoperative pain remains a
major complaint for many patients. In this study, in patients undergoing LC, the application of LC
via incisional
bupivacaine and low inflation pressure, alone or combined, and a comparison of
the effects on postoperative pain has been purposed. Methods: Patients were randomly
assigned into the following 4 groups: the standard pressure (SP) group (n =
30); patients with an intraabdominal insufflation pressure of 12 mmHg, where
bupivacaine application was not performed at the trocar locations. The SP+local anesthetic (LA) (SP+LA) group (n =
30); patients with an intraabdominal insufflation pressure of 12 mmHg, where bupivacaine
application was performed at the trocar locations. The low pressure (LP) group
(n = 30); patients with an intraabdominal insufflation pressure of 8 mmHg, where bupivacaine application was not
performed at the trocar locations. The (LP+LA) group (n = 30); patients with an
intraabdominal insufflation pressure of 8 mmHg, where bupivacaine
application was performed at the trocar locations.
Postoperative pain was evaluated using the visual analogous scale (VAS). Results: When the relationships
between the VAS scores, gender, age, and American Society of Anesthesiologists
classification were evaluated, no significant relationships
between the groups were observed (p
> 0.05). A significant relationship between the groups was detected with
regards to the VAS scores, 1st analgesic application, 2nd
analgesic application, and patients’ satisfaction (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The combination of low
insufflation pressure with intrafacial preincisional local anesthetic
infiltration in post-LC pain palliation is thought to be more effective and
applicable.
Transformacja Państwowych Gospodarstw Rolnych Sarnów i Bełdów w województwie łódzkim w prywatne przedsiębiorstwa. Konsekwencje społeczne
Authors: Suliborski Andrzej , Kulawiak Anita
Published: February 2018

Lata 90. ubiegłego wieku były okresem znacznych przemian w polskiej gospodarce. Objęły one także polskie rolnictwo, w którym zlikwidowano funkcjonujące przez ponad 40 lat PGR-y, a w ich miejsce utworzono nowe podmioty prywatne, działające na zupełnie nowych, nieznanych wcześniej zasadach. Wraz z tym, niemal z dnia na dzień, zasadniczo zmieniło się życie tysięcy ludzi, dla których PGR-y były nie tylko miejscem codziennej pracy, ale nierzadko także miejscem i sensem życia, wyznaczającym jego codzienny rytm. Artykuł podejmuje próbę wyjaśnienia procesu upadku i przejścia dwóch byłych PGR-ów – Bełdowa i Sarnowa, położonych w województwie łódzkim, w prywatne przedsiębiorstwa rolne oraz ukazania najważniejszych skutków społecznych tego procesu. W szczególności w tekście skupiono się na trzech problemach: charakterystyce i roli PGR-ów Sarnów i Bełdów w środowisku lokalnym, procesie ich przejścia w prywatne gospodarstwa rolne oraz społecznych skutkach procesu zmiany.
Ethics, Uncertainty, and Macroeconomics
Authors: Maziarz Mariusz
Published: February 2018

In this article, I focus on the difference in moral judgment of macroeconomic interventions between the deterministic world of a thought experiment and the uncertain reality. The macroeconomic theory coined by Keynes is, in its most popular reading, deterministic and justifies interventionism. However, incorporating uncertainty into the analysis leads to the contrary result. Namely, if economic output is a random process, such as Gaussian white noise or a stochastic Markov chain, then intervening can bring either economic recovery or inflationary pressure and a next bubble. In the trolley‑problem philosophy, the one who pulls the lever instead of the trolley itself is believed to be guilty of the death of an innocent passer‑by standing on the side track. Similarly, if the Federal Reserve decided to intervene and failed (causing a bubble on the house market, instantiating), their monetary policy can be said to be a cause of the financial crisis. Therefore, governments should refrain from interventions.
Międzynarodowa konkurencyjność litewskiej gospodarki a jej kapitał ludzki
Authors: Višnievskytė Erika
Published: February 2018

Głównym celem każdej gospodarki jest osiągnięcie mocnej pozycji konkurencyjnej, a to w coraz większym stopniu zależy od kapitału ludzkiego. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie kapitału ludzkiego jako czynnika o istotnym wpływie na kształtowanie się międzynarodowej pozycji konkurencyjnej litewskiej gospodarki w latach 2006–2016. W artykule posłużono się danymi pochodzącymi z raportów WEF. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. Pierwsza z nich została poświęcona teoretycznym aspektom konkurencyjności międzynarodowej oraz kapitału ludzkiego. W drugiej części zbadano zmiany pozycji konkurencyjnej gospodarki litewskiej w latach 2006–2016 na podstawie Indeksu Globalnej Konkurencyjności. W części końcowej przeanalizowano kapitał ludzki Litwy w latach 2006–2016 oraz wskazano, na podstawie raportów WEF, obszary problemowe dotyczące jego jakości. Z przeprowadzonej analizy można wywnioskować, że kapitał ludzki jest istotnym elementem konkurencyjności litewskiej gospodarki, o czym świadczy pozycja Litwy w rankingach WEF zarówno pod względem konkurencyjności, jak i jakości kapitału ludzkiego.
AVALIAÇÃO DA LIBERAÇÃO DE CO2 EM SOLO COM ADIÇÃO DE ÁGUAS RESÍDUARIAS SUÍNICOLAS E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS E SOCIAS DA SUINOCULTURA
Authors: Toniazzo Fabiane , Becegato Valter Antonio , Lavnitcki Laís , Rosa Marcia Matsuoka , Baum Camila Angélica , Cantoni Fernanda , Rodrigues Alexandre Couto , Henkes Jairo Afonso , Da Ros Clovis Orlando
Published: February 2018

A região sul do Brasil registra os maiores índices de abate de suínos, concentrando um grande número de produtores, dentre eles aqueles pertencentes à agricultura familiar, bem como grandes produtores e agroindústrias. Tal atividade tornou-se extremamente importante do ponto de vista econômico e social, porém junto com sua expansão vieram diversos impactos ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade microbiológica através da respiração basal de um solo com adição de compostos oriundos  de tratamentos de  dejetos da suinocultura relacionando-a com os impactos ambientais resultantes da geração de gases do efeito estufa produzidos em propriedades suinícolas no noroeste gaúcho.  Para análise microbiológica utilizou-se um solo Latossolo Eutroférrico como testemunha que recebeu dejeto suíno e/ou resultantes de sistemas distintos de tratamento. Realizou-se cinco tratamentos com cinco repetições em triplicata (solo testemunha, solo+dejeto bruto, solo+dejeto de esterqueira, solo+material de biodigestor e solo+material da compostagem mecanizada). Os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente pelo teste T de Student. As adições de compostos orgânicos normalmente causam variações nos índices de respiração basal do solo, sendo possível observar que durante o período de monitoramento houve diferenças significativas na liberação de CO2, causando assim um elevado percentual no coeficiente de variação das amostras. A produção destes, e outros gases como o metano podem causar sérios danos ambientais e à saúde humana. Com isso é possível verificar que os compostos orgânicos de todos os sistemas de tratamento podem ser utilizados como ativadores da ação microbiológica do solo com restrições.
ESTUDO SOBRE DESEMPENHO AMBIENTAL DE PORTOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Silva Luana Caroline da , Rosa Fabricia Silva da , Lunkes Rogério João
Published: February 2018

O objetivo do estudo é analisar a gestão ambiental de portos brasileiros por meio do Índice de Desempenho Ambiental (IDA). Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva e com abordagem qualitativa em 27 portos públicos brasileiros, que responderam ao questionário do IDA aplicado pela ANTAQ no período de 2012 a 2016. Os resultados apresentados pelo IDA revelam um cenário positivo em portos brasileiros, quanto ao licenciamento ambiental (para licença de operação), auditorias ambientais, programas de educação ambiental nos terminais arrendados, e planos de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos (PGRS). Pode-se concluir que o IDA em seu contexto traz contribuições para melhora da informação prestada para os diferentes stakeholders sobre o desempenho ambiental de portos. Entretanto, as informações geradas são qualitativas e expressam a opinião dos gestores por meio do questionário, mas não medem especificamente o desempenho ambiental.
EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA E INOVAÇÃO SOCIAL: ESTUDO EM UMA UNIVERSIDADE PUBLICA MUNICIPAL
Authors: Bachmann Adriana Maria Reiter
Published: February 2018

Dentro do tripé ensino-pesquisa-extensão, a extensão universitária demanda e propicia uma participação ativa do estudante, vivenciando na prática os seus estudos por meio da oportunidade de atuar efetivamente como agente social na comunidade em que está inserido No sentido de interligar transferência de conhecimento, vivência prática de acadêmicos e demandas comunitárias, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de identificar e descrever programas e projetos de extensão em uma universidade pública municipal que possuem características de inovação social. Para atender ao objetivo proposto, optou-se por estudo exploratório e descritivo, com corte transversal, na abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa. Para a análise dos dados, este estudo utilizou a técnica de análise de conteúdo, a categorização. Foram analisados 7 programas ou projetos de extensão, na proporção de um programa ou projeto para cada centro de estudo da universidade. Como resultado, evidencia-se, por meio da análise dos dados coletados e categorizados, que os programas ou os projetos de extensão analisados apresentam indícios de possuírem ocorrências de inovação social, considerando-se, especialmente: a) as motivações que suplantaram o início de cada um deles; b) suas finalidades, pautadas no atendimento pontual de lacunas, do mercado e do governo, no atendimento de demandas sociais; e c) seus resultados, considerando-se as novas redes de relacionamentos constituídas, que nasceram com o programa ou os projetos de extensão estudados neste trabalho. O estudo sugere incremento de pesquisas relacionadas à temática em pauta e alvitra a inclusão de estratégias de inovação social e investimentos em centros de inovação social em universidades.
OS DESAFIOS DA GESTÃO AMBIENTAL NA UNIVERSIDADE
Authors: Arana Alba Regina Azevedo , Bizarro Leila Maria Couto Esturaro
Published: February 2018

As universidades têm um papel fundamental nesse contexto, pois é o local que por excelência se produz conhecimentos e prepara futuros profissionais para o mercado de trabalho. Os problemas relacionados à gestão dos resíduos sólidos em universidades são complexos e exigem soluções sistêmicas, pautados principalmente na prevenção e redução da geração desses resíduos que se dá através de práticas contínuas e integradas de educação ambiental. O trabalho procura discutir os desafios da gestão ambiental no ambiente da universidade verificando as principais formas de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos como estratégia para uma Gestão Ambiental na Universidade. A metodologia empregada é um estudo de caso ancorado na pesquisa-ação com abordagem de pesquisa quali-quantitativa, utilizando como técnica a observação sistêmica. Este procedimento estabelece uma sequência de etapas que contemplam a identificação, separação, pesagem e caracterização dos resíduos sólidos gerados. Dentre os resultados foi possível reproduzir dados que permitem comprovar que há iniciativas de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos, porém ocorrem de forma paulatina e desarticulada em relação ao montante de sua geração. Observa-se que os materiais são descartados como inservíveis, sem um tratamento adequado ou práticas de redução, reutilização, reciclagem ou reeducação dos usuários. Dentre os resultados foi possível comprovar que existem iniciativas de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos, porém de forma desarticulada em relação ao montante de sua geração, sugerindo e a implantação de um plano de logística ambiental sustentável para viabilização das propostas.
METODOLOGIA PARA VALORAÇÃO DE IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DE SERVIÇOS DE DRAGAGEM - ESTUDO DE CASO PARA A HIDROVIA DO RIO PARAGUAI
Authors: Waydzik Flávia Aline , Ratton Eduardo , Neto Durval Nascimento , Correia Renata
Published: February 2018

Visando o crescimento do transporte de cargas e passageiros por hidrovias, devido ao baixo custo do modal hidroviário, entende-se como necessária a análise e valoração dos impactos ambientais decorrentes desta atividade. Portanto, propõem-se uma metodologia de valoração para a homogeneização das análises de impactos ambientais para serviços de manutenção hidroviária, seja de dragagem, de derrocamento ou de outras melhorias, bem como para a implantação de terminais portuários, tanto marítimos como de hidrovias interiores. Como exemplo de aplicação, apresenta-se o estudo de caso do rio Paraguai, contemplando os serviços de dragagem da Hidrovia do rio Paraguai, no âmbito do Estudo de Viabilidade Técnica, Econômica e Ambiental (EVTEA) da Hidrovia do rio Paraguai, realizado pela Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), por meio do Instituto Tecnológico de Transportes e Infraestrutura (ITTI) em parceria com o DNIT- Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes.
RISCOS E DANOS AMBIENTAIS ASSOCIADOS ÀS ATIVIDADES DA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DO PETRÓLEO: INSTRUMENTOS DE COMANDO E CONTROLE PARA MITIGAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS DE VAZAMENTOS DE ÓLEO
Authors: Noronha Iruam Rodrigues de , Ferreira Maria Inês Paes , Pinto Augusto Eduardo Miranda
Published: February 2018

A matriz energética baseada no uso de combustíveis fósseis é uma realidade global. Com relação à indústria do petróleo, das operações para explorar novos campos petrolíferos, refino e distribuição de combustíveis, passando pela produção e transporte de óleo e derivados, existe o risco de vazamento de óleo ou derivados para o meio ambiente com consequências negativas para os ecossistemas e atividades humanas. A prevenção e a mitigação dos impactos relacionados com vazamentos de óleo ajudam a minimizar os potenciais perigos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente. Cada derramamento fornece a oportunidade de aprendizado e de estabelecimento de métodos inovadores a título de preparação para futuros incidentes. Assim, objetiva-se com este artigo apresentar instrumentos de comando e controle formulados a partir de incidentes com vazamentos de óleo que contribuíram para a proteção do meio ambiente, prevenindo e mitigando futuros impactos ambientais associados à cadeia produtiva do petróleo.
ROTULAGEM AMBIENTAL DE PRODUTOS: UMA ANÁLISE DE 14 PROGRAMAS DO MERCADO BRASILEIRO, SOB O OLHAR DO CONSUMIDOR
Authors: Gomes Nivaldo Simões , Casagrande Junior Eloy Fassi
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo apresenta um breve histórico dos programas de rotulagem, assim como as normas utilizadas nos procedimentos. Por meio de levantamento, são apresentados 14 programas de rotulagem presentes no mercado nacional e administrados localmente. Posteriormente é feita uma discussão a respeito da visão do consumidor em relação à rotulagem de produtos e, desta forma, os procedimentos dos programas são comparados e confrontados com este ponto de vista. Percebe-se que apesar de haver um grande número de programas nacionais, ainda há muitos produtos auto-declarados, o que pode ser resultado de pouca divulgação dos programas existentes, além de ser necessário buscar uma proximidade maior com o consumidor para o aumento da confiança.
Reading Metaphor of God in the Qur’an (al-Nūr [24]: 36) from Paul Ricoeur’s Theory of Metaphor
Authors: Ahmad Nur
Published: February 2018

This paper aims to demonstrate how the adoption of the theory of metaphor by Ricoeur to the “Light Verse” in the Quran. One of the most famous verse in the Quran is “the Light verse.” Beside the metaphor of light, the verse includes the metaphors of “the niche”, of “the lamp”, of “the glass”, and others. The metaphor “God is the Light” is the vital feature of the analysis. The next metaphors in the verse are an extension of that metaphor. The “light” metaphor with its principal meaning as “source” will be analyzed using the theory of metaphor as created by Paul Ricoeur in The Rule of Metaphor (1978). The application of this concept will unfold how this metaphor is employed creatively. It makes a parable of the gradation of lights and contains how it is widened to cover a broader aspect of faith, i.e., being the center and open to accept His light. The result of this experiment with metaphors in the Light verse shows fresh analysis that God illuminates on every creation in all realms.
Muslim Feminist Hermeneutical Method to the Qur'an (Analytical Study to the Method of Amina Wadud)
Authors: Riyani Irma
Published: February 2018

Muslim feminist hermeneutical methods to the Qur’an is a response to the conservative interpretations which hegemonizes knowledge construction to shape the tradition and the methodology of the patriarchal reading of the texts. This approach demonstrates that the Qur’an is compatible with modernity and supports gender equality. This article explores one of the leading Muslim feminisit scholar, Amina Wadud, and examines her Qur’an feminist hermeneutical method.  Amina Wadud is a Muslim feminist who proposes feminist hermeneutical method to interpret the Qur’an which she called ‘tawhidic paradigm.’  This article shows that Wadud’s hermeneutical approach interrogates the patriarchal reading of the Qur’anic verses that privileges one sex over another. According to her, in understanding the Qur’an three principles should be considered, namely:  first, the context in which the Qur’an was revealed; second, the grammatical composition of the text; and third, the whole text, that is its weltanschauung or world-view.
INFLUÊNCIA DOS ASPECTOS HIDROGEOLÓGICOS DE AQUÍFEROS CÁRSTICOS NA EVOLUÇÃO DO RELEVO: PORÇÃO CENTRAL DA CHAPADA DIAMANTINA, BAHIA, BRASIL
Authors: Salles Lucas de Queiroz , Bastos Leal Luiz Rogério , Pereira Ricardo Galeno Fraga de Araujo , Laureano Fernando Verassani , Gonçalves Thiago dos Santos
Published: February 2018

O presente trabalho discute como o funcionamento hidrogeológico do aquífero cárstico condiciona e interage com a evolução morfológica do relevo. O sistema cárstico situado na porção central da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil abriga um conjunto de sítios espeleológicos de relevância no país. A região é palco de importantes descobertas científicas, particularmente relacionados à espeleologia e evolução dos terrenos cársticos. Entretanto, a compreensão das relações existentes entre a morfologia e a hidráulica subterrânea ainda estão pouco exploradas. Com esse intuito, foram realizados estudos comparativos entre as feições morfológicas do terreno e dados de capacidade específica de poços tubulares, apoiados por dados hidrogeoquímicos e de isótopos estáveis (δ13C). As feições superficiais do terreno mostraram correlação com os dados de capacidade específica, principalmente levando em consideração a distribuição de dolinas. Já quando comparados com a profundidade, os dados de capacidade específica apresentaram dois intervalos de maior produtividade: o primeiro para poços com menos de 60 metros de profundidade, e o segundo para poços com profundidade variando entre 91 e 120, sugerindo uma maior conexão hidráulica nesses intervalos de classe. A evolução morfológica da área estudo é, provavelmente, intrínseca a coalescência de dois processos de carstificação distintos: a carstificação hipogênica e a epigênica, que conotam ao sistema características distintas.
DINÂMICA DO CARBONO ORGÂNICO E PROCESSOS HIDROLÓGICOS NA ESCALA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Siefert Cesar Augusto Crovador , Santos Irani dos
Published: February 2018

Os processos de armazenamento e transferência de carbono orgânico (CO) em bacias hidrográficas são governados por interações entre processos hidrológicos e biogeoquímicos. Estudos clássicos evidenciam o papel da matéria orgânica na estabilização dos agregados do solo, propriedades físico-químicas e qualidade do solo, entretanto os mecanismos de desestabilização do carbono orgânico, armazenamento e transporte ainda são parcialmente descritos e compreendidos. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão conceitual sobre a dinâmica do carbono orgânico enfatizando as interações entre os processos hidrológicos, sedimentológicos e biogeoquímicos na escala da bacia hidrográfica. O funcionamento da bacia hidrográfica, a partir das interações ocorridas entre zonas ripárias, vertentes e canal, refletem a variabilidade temporal e heterogeneidade espacial da concentração de carbono orgânico dissolvido (DOC) e carbono orgânico particulado (POC) no canal e aquífero raso. Desta maneira, descreve-se aqui os principais mecanismos responsáveis pelas interações entre solo e água e o ciclo do carbono orgânico na paisagem. Além disso, busca-se evidenciar possíveis incertezas e lacunas na descrição e compreensão dos processos relacionados a dinâmica do carbono orgânico em bacias hidrográficas.
SELEKSI ATRIBUT PADA ALGORITMA C4.5 MENGGUNAKAN GENETIK ALGORITMA DAN BAGGING UNTUK ANALISA KELAYAKAN PEMBERIAN KREDIT
Authors: Bahri Saeful
Published: February 2018

According to the banking ACT No. 9 of 1992 is the provision of credit or money bills which can dipersama-kan with it, based on the approval of an agreement between the bank pinjam-meminjam with other parties that require that the borrower to pay off a loan after a certain period of time with the giving of flowers. Credit analysis aims to evaluate the customer able to or not in fulfilling obligations. In analyzing the sometimes an analyst is not accurate in analyzing causing bad credit. Of the problems that existed then used a method of classification for an analysis of the feasibility of granting credit using a model algorithm Genetic Algorithm with C4.5 (AG) as a selection of attributes and bagging method to improve accuracy. After testing two models namely algorithm C4.5 and C4.5 with Genetic Algorithms (AG) and the results obtained bagging method is the algorithm C 4.5 produces a value accuracy 93,47% and AUC values 0,932 with excellent levels of Clasification diagnose but after Genetic Algorithm added (AG) and increased accuracy value bagging 2.87% to 96,34% and AUC values increased 0.044 became 0.976.

Keywords: Credit, the algorithm C 4.5, Genetic Algorithms (GA), Bagging

Menurut UU Perbankan No.9 Tahun 1992 kredit merupakan penyediaan uang  atau tagihan yang dapat dipersama-kan dengan itu,  berdasarkan  persetujuan  atau  kesepakatan  pinjam-meminjam  antara  bank  dengan  pihak  lain  yang  mewajibkan  pihak  peminjam  untuk  melunasi  utangnya setelah jangka waktu tertentu dengan pemberian bunga. Analisa kredit bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi nasabah mampu atau tidak dalam memenuhi kewajiban. Dalam menganalisa terkadang seorang analis tidak akurat dalam menganalisa sehingga menyebabkan kredit macet. Dari permasalahan yang ada maka digunakan sebuah metode klasifikasi untuk analisis kelayakan pemberian kredit menggunakan model algoritma C4.5 dengan Algoritma Genetika (AG) sebagai seleksi atribut dan metode bagging untuk meningkatkan akurasi. Setelah dilakukan pengujian dua model yaitu algoritma C4.5 dan C4.5 dengan Algoritma Genetika (AG) dan metode bagging hasil yang diperoleh adalah algoritma C4.5 menghasilkan nilai akurasi 93,47 % dan nilai AUC 0,932 dengan tingkat diagnose excellent Clasification namun setelah ditambahkan Algoritma Genetika(AG) dan bagging nilai akurasi meningkat 2,87% menjadi 96,34 % dan nilai AUC meningkat 0.044 menjadi 0.976.

Kata kunci: Kredit, Algoritma C4.5, Algoritma Genetika (AG), Bagging
Synthesis and Characterization of C, SnO2, and C+SnO2 Materials through Resistance Measurement, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Rahmasari Nabila , Fathia Azka , Dwandaru Wipsar
Published: February 2018

The objectives of this study are i) to determine an electrical property, especially resistance, of carbon  (C), tin oxide (SnO2), and C+SnO2 thin films. ii) to determine the optical property of C, SnO2 and C+SnO2 thin films based on UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). and iii) to determine the crystallinity of C, SnO2 and C+SnO2 thin films based on X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show different physical characteristics from the three samples of the thin film layers. The result on the resistance measurement shows that C thin film has the lowest resistance, followed by SnO2, and C+SnO2 thin films with resistance values of 1.0769 mΩ, 1.0774 mΩ, and 3.8875 mΩ, respectively. The UV-Vis results show a peak for each of the thin film at 256 nm, 257 nm, and 258 nm for C, SnO2, and C+SnO2, respectively, which is in the UV area. The XRD results show that the C and SnO2 thin layers are amorphous while C+SnO2 thin layer is crystal
The Production of Organic Matter from Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia alba at The Kajhu and Meunasah Mesjid Villages, Aceh Besar
Authors: Suriani Mai , Bengen Dietriech G , Prartono Tri
Published: February 2018

Production and decomposition of mangrove litter could contribute organic matter and nutrients to the coastal waters. This study was to estimate the extent to which the rehabilitated mangrove of Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia alba contribute organic matter. This study was conducted from November 2015 to January 2016. Litter traps were used to collect the litter production and litterbags to measure decomposition rates. The results showed that the average of litter production for Sonneratia alba and Rhizophora mucronata was 4,38 g.m-2.day-1 and 3,61 g.m-2.day-1, respectively. However, Sonneratia alba apparently showed higher decay rates compare with Rhizophora mucronata. Nutrients element (N and P) released were 321,2 kg.ha-1.years-1 and 47,45 kg.ha-1.years-1 for Sonneratia alba; and 131,4 kg.ha-1.years-1 and 13,14 kg.ha-1.years-1 for Rhizophora mucronata. Overall, this study indicated that the mangrove rehabilitation in the area study contributed insignificantly carbon restocking the affected area, although it was able to provide ecological functions of this mangrove ecosystem.
Seasonal Variability of Thermocline, Sound Speed & Probable Shadow Zone in Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Aji Tri , Pranowo Widodo Setiyo , Harsono Gentio , Alam Tasdik Mustika
Published: February 2018

The Sunda Strait is an important strait connecting Karimata and Java Seas with the Indian Ocean. The Sunda Strait is one of the busiest International Sea-lane in Indonesian Archipelago (ALKI). That is used for commercial shipping lanes and possibly for the military (submarines) cruise. For submarine operational purposes, a physical oceanographic dataset is needed which consisting of temperature, salinity, and sound speed. This article is analysing the seasonal variablity of thermocline and sound speed, including a shadow zone estimation. The 0.1 deg C gradient is applied for the thermocline layer determination during four seasons data in 2014. The dataset of INDESO Project (daily, 1/12 deg) has been used. In the North-West Season (January), thermocline layer (28 - 13.5 deg C) occurs at 77 - 155 m depth, has a range of 1,542 - 1,504 m/s sound speed. Those reveals shallower (40 - 130 m depth) of the thermocline layer (29 - 15.8 deg C) during the first Transitional Season (April), with the sound speed range 1,541 - 1,511 m/s. During South-East Season (July), the thermocline layer (29 - 15.4 deg C) has been deeper again (65 - 155 m depth), with 1,542 - 1,550 m/s of sound speed. While during the Second Transitional Season (October), the upper limit of thermocline layer (27 - 13.6 deg C) is a little bit shallower (55 - 155 m depth), with the sound speed range of 1,538 - 1,504 m/s. In annual average, the thermocline (29 - 13.6 deg C) in Sunda Strait laying in between an upper limit layer of 40 - 70 m depths and a bottom limit layer of 130 - 155 m depth. Those layers depth are estimated to be a probable shadow zone area with the sound speed range upper limit of 1,542 m/s. and the lower limit of 1,504 - 1,511 m/s.
Microplastics Monitoring in Marine Environment
Authors: Syakti Agung Dhamar
Published: February 2018

This review summarizes the need for future spatiotemporal comparisons of microplastic abundance across marine environment, through standardized methods for microplastic sampling and analysis in sea water, beach and seabed sediment and marine organism. Pretreatment of the sample prior to the elimination of organic matter should be done using appropriate reagents was also described. Extraction of microplastics from environmental matrices is based on the different density of targeted microplastics with saturated salt solutions (NaCl, NaI, CaCl2, ZnCl2 and lithium metatungstate). Quantification can be achieved by microscopic techniques (binocular, stereomicroscope, fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope) and discussion on identification methods including FTIR, Pyr-GC/MS and Raman spectroscopy will be provided. This review also endorses the importance of further study regarding the fate and impact of microplastics on marine biota and human health, especially when we acknowledge that co-pollution may occur during the transport on microplastic in marine environment.