bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A COMPREHENSIVE METHOD FOR CONCURRENT RECOVERY OF CELLULOSE, NANOCELLULOSE AND LIGNIN FROM DURIAN PEEL:
A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH
Authors:   HaUI Institute of Technology (HIT), Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, 11965, Vietnam, DOAN TRANG TRAN Y. , THUY PHAN THI ,   Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, 10000 Vietnam, DZUNG HA THI ,   Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, 10000 Vietnam, HUONG TA THI ,   HaUI Institute of Technology (HIT), Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, 11965, Vietnam, GIAP VU DINH ,   HaUI Institute of Technology (HIT), Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, 11965, Vietnam, CUONG VU THI ,   HaUI Institute of Technology (HIT), Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, 11965, Vietnam
Published: February 2025

Recovering valuable components from agricultural waste is an emerging focus in sustainable development. This study investigates using durian peel (DP) as a raw material for extracting cellulose, nanocellulose (NC), and lignin. The process involves four key stages: (1) pre-treatment, (2) cellulose extraction using 15% (w/v) sodium hydroxide at 100 °C for 2 hours with a ratio of 20/1 mL/g, followed by bleaching with 15% (w/v) hydrogen peroxide overnight, (3) lignin recovery by acidifying the black liquor to pH 1 with concentrated sulfuric acid, and (4) NC extraction through hydrolysis in 64% (v/v) sulfuric acid at 45 °C for 3 hours with a ratio of 20/1 mL/g, followed by neutralization, grinding, centrifugation, filtration, and ultrasonication. The recovery yields were 11.92% for lignin, 54.33% for crude cellulose, 36.03% for pure cellulose, and 29.18% for NC. The NC obtained, characterized as cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), had an average diameter of 114 nm, with 62.23% of particles below 100 nm and 100% below 200 nm. The crystallinity indices were 32.29% for NC and 40.08% for cellulose, while lignin exhibited an amorphous structure. Thermal analysis (TGA) revealed that cellulose degrades more than nanocellulose, indicating that nanocellulose has higher thermal stability. Lignin exhibits excellent thermal stability up to 600 °C, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. These results underscore the potential of DP as a source of valuable bioproducts, including lignin, cellulose, and NC, for diverse industrial applications.
DOT GAIN ANALYSIS OF ROUND PRINTING ELEMENTS CREATED BY APPLYING METALIZED FOIL USING THE COLD-HOT FOIL LAMINATION PROCESS
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Getaldićeva 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, MAJNARIĆ IGOR , MARKO MORIĆ ,   University of North, Department of Art Studies, Žarko Dolinar Square 1, Koprivnica, Croatia, PINTAR MATKO ,   SATO d.o.o. Vodovodna ulica 2, 49 210 Zabok, Croatia, MODRIĆ DAMIR ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Getaldićeva 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Published: February 2025

The major objective of this paper consists in acquiring new knowledge and understanding the interaction between the printed metalized foil and the paper printing substrate. Since the Inkjet printing principle is often used for the adhesion of metalized foils (cold-hot process), it is necessary to investigate the influence of piezo Inkjet head settings on the final imprint. The light distribution on the halftoned metalized print depends on the optical properties of the paper and the metalized foil. Therefore, the problem of accurate reproduction is divided into the distribution of light in the paper and the reflection from the printed round metalized printing elements. For ImageJ software (gold dot imprint photographs), two physical quantities were analyzed (realized edge parts and anisotropic scattering of light from the printed surface = dot gain), which ultimately achieved a change in the realized dimension of print elements.
In this paper, the authors present a new method for testing the efficiency of halftones (50% TV surface coverage) created with four diameters of gold foil printing dots (0.100 mm; 0.250 mm; 0.500 mm; 0.750 mm) applied to matte fine art cardboard. The experiment involved a gradual variation of the amount of UV-cured Inkjet varnish used, which played a crucial role in the production of metallic visual dot samples. To assess the effectiveness of this method, three different thicknesses of UV-cured varnish (29 µm, 43 µm, and 58 µm) were used in conjunction with modular Konica Minolta Jetvarnish 3DS machine (piezo Inkjet heads KM1024 iLHE-30), and constant printing speeds of 0.30 m/s. The research findings indicate that a 29 µm layer thickness of UV varnish and the substrate moving in cross-direction are optimal for producing cold metalized foil lines. However, the results also show that a more significant application of varnish offers a better chance of reproducing the dot and achieving a better contrast. The results show that elements smaller than 0.250 mm cannot be realized and that the print optimum will be achieved with UV Inkjet varnish application settings greater than 29 µm and less than 43 µm.
PRODUCTION OF CELLULASES FROM PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI
USING MANGO PEELS AS A SUBSTRATE IN SUBMERGED
FERMENTATION
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan, LIAQAT SADIA , AHMAD IRFAN ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, SHAKIR HAFIZ ABDULLAH ,   Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan, KHAN MUHAMMAD ,   Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan, FRANCO MARCELO ,   Department of Exact Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhus, Brazil, IRFAN MUHAMMAD ,   Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan
Published: February 2025

Enzymes are biocatalysts produced by microorganisms using plant materials as a substrate. Green chemistry uses plant materials to produce enzymes, while fermentation technology produces enzymes on larger scales. These enzymes can be used in food, textile, paper industry and biofuel production. Cellulase is an industrial enzyme that breaks the β-1,4-glycosidic bond of polysaccharides in plant cells and can be produced by various microorganisms. Mango waste can be used to produce bioactive compounds, such as cellulase enzymes, from microorganisms in submerged fermentation (SmF). The production of endoglucanase and exoglucanase from Pseudomonas stutzeri using mango peels as a substrate in SmF was optimized using one factor at a time and response surface methodology. The optimum conditions for CMCase were 4.5% substrate concentration, 96 hours incubation time, and 2.5% inoculum size, while optimum conditions for FPase were 4.5% substrate concentration, 48 hours incubation time and 0.5% inoculum size. PBD was employed for the screening of various nutritional components, such as K2HPO4, KH2PO4, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl, MgSO4, FeSO4 and CaCl2, and it was found that significant nutritional parameters were FeSO4, MgSO4 and (NH4)2SO4. Through the Central Composite Design, maximum production of endoglucanase, i.e. 120.112 IU/mL/min, was found at 0.1% (NH4)2SO4, 0.1% MgSO4 and 0.45% FeSO4, while maximum exoglucanase production, i.e. 161.38 IU/mL/min, was recorded at 0.1% (NH4)2SO4, 0.5% MgSO4 and 0.05% FeSO4. The optimum temperature and pH for maximum CMCase and FPase activity were 50 °C and 7.0, respectively. Endoglucanases and exoglucanases were stable up to 50 °C and pH 7. Metal ions such as Mn2+ and Cu2+ activated the activity of CMCase and FPase, respectively, while Zn2+ and Na+ inhibited CMCase and FPase activity, respectively.
Direct generation of broadband optical frequency comb using a fiber laser with nonlinearity in a laser cavity
Authors: Uchiyama Ryusei , Yoshioka Takuma , Kubota Kousuke , Takeshi Naoki , Kokuyama Wataru , Nakajima Yoshiaki
Published: February 2025

In this study, we demonstrate the direct generation of an optical frequency comb with broadband spectra. We employed gain optimization to maximize the output efficiency and incorporated an optical fiber designed for 1-μm operation as a nonlinear medium within the cavity, resulting in a frequency comb with a full-width at half-maximum of 81.1 nm, 10-dB bandwidth of 93.0 nm, and constant cavity dispersion. The enhanced nonlinearity did not degrade the optical frequency noise even with expanded spectral bandwidth. This method is a promising technique for the direct generation of frequency combs with broad bandwidths and low phase noise.
RAINFALL TIME SERIES ANALYSIS IN SEMIARID REGION OF DUHOK GOVERNORATE, IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION
Authors: Marwan B. I.Govay  , Tariq Hama Karim Kaka Hama
Published: February 2025

This study was aimed to investigate data homogeneity, detect trend and changes in historical rainfall and forecast future rainfall pattern. Rainfall historical records taken from 22 gauging and non-gauging stations distributed all over Duhok governorate. The dataset includes long time series of monthly and annual rainfall totals (mm) from 1998 to 2020. To detect data variability, four different homogeneity tests were used. To analyze trends and sequential shifts in historical data, parametric and non-parametric tests were applied. Theil-Sen's slope estimator test was applied to calculate the magnitude of change over time. Rainfall forecasting was based on the Box-Jenkins methodology. The homogeneity test results revealed that the majority of the monthly and annual rainfall series were labeled as useful. Furthermore, the annual rainfall at most of the study stations presented positive trend with sen’s slope ranged between 0.545 -43.03 mm yr-1. At five stations tended to beyond the upper limit of the CUSUM chart during 2019 and 2020. Conversely, it tended to be below the lower limit at 3 stations during the period from 2000 t0 2002. ARIMA (0, 1,1) was the best model for predicting yearly rainfall for 75% of the stations, while the model (1,1,1)(1, 0, 1)12 was the best suited model for predicting and forecasting monthly rainfall for more than 83% of the selected stations.
EFFECT OF AQUEOUS ALOE VERA EXTRACT AS ROOT CANAL IRRIGANT ON ROOT FRACTURE RESISTANCE: A COMPARATIVE IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Murtatha M. Ubaid  , Raghad A. Al-Hashimi
Published: February 2025

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous Aloe vera on susceptibility to root fracture resistance (RFR) in human teeth subjected to endodontic preparation, and compare it with chemical irrigants (sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and SmearOFF). A total of 40 human maxillary first molars that were extracted and had a straight palatal root. These roots were distributed randomly based on the irrigation regimes (n=8): G1: Distilled water; G2: 3% NaOCl; G3: 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA; G4: Smearoff; and G5: 90% Aloe vera, and then endodontically prepared using the ProTaper Next rotary system. The samples were placed within acrylic molds using periodontal simulation and exposed to compressive forces at a rate of 0.5 mm/min until fracture was noted. The specimens undergo axial forces on a universal testing machine during mechanical compression testing. The force necessary for fracture was measured and recorded in Newton (N). The results showed that the mean fracture resistance of Aloe vera group was the highest while NaOCl group was the lowest. It can be concluded that, the fracture resistance was significantly different in various irrigation protocols.
IMPACT OF RECIPROCAL CROSS AND HETEROSIS PHENOMENON ON VARIOUS TOMATO TRAITS
Authors: Shilan A. H. Chawsh  , H. A. Arkwazee
Published: February 2025

This research aimed to study the impact of the reciprocal cross and heterosis phenomena on numerous tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) characteristics. Fifty-one different traits were measured, including leaf, shoot, root, flower, fruit, yield and yield components, and physiochemical characteristics. The results showed that reciprocal crosses, such as plant mass, petal length, cone length, pistil length, fruit width, fruit length, single fruit weight, fruit flesh weight, seed and placenta weight, number of fruits locules, fruit calyx weight, number of days to flower, total sugar, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, and total phenolic concentration, significantly influenced various traits. In addition, the results showed that several traits showed positive high parent heterosis, which are the sepal length, pistil length, flower fresh weight, flower dry weight, flower moisture content, number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per plant, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, fruits number per plant, total fruits weight per plant, leaf length, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, number of branches per plant, plant height, plant mass, ascorbic acid, total carotene, and anthocyanin. These results will be significantly helpful for the future breeding program, especially for developing F1 cultivars with significant quality and quantity.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF BENT SHAPED MESOGENIC THIADIAZOLES AND ITS PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES
Authors: Modi Prabha , Sindhwa Priyanka , Modi Vishal
Published: February 2025

While 80% of commercial medications are based on heterocyclic moieties,many synthesis processes lack sustainability,
highlighting the need for environmentally friendly techniques. N-heterocyclic scaffolds play a crucial role in drug
design, with an increasing number of new analogues demonstrating significant physiological and pharmacological
value.To meet current demands for effective and sustainable methods,traditional synthetic protocols need modification.
Recently,various techniques have been developed to promote the environmentally friendly production of important Nheterocyclic compounds. In this context, Rod shaped 4-substitutedbenzoic acid-N'-(4'-n-alkoxybenzoyl) hydrazide
(series I) have been synthesized by the Schotten-Baumann reaction of 4-Subsitutedbenzhydrazide with 4-nalkoxybenzoyl chloride using triethyl amine as basic media in dry dichloromethane, as a solvent. The series I
compounds have been cyclized to bent shaped mesogenic 2-(4'-Substituedphenyl)-5-(4”-n-alkoxyphenyl)-1, 3, 4-
thiadiazoles (series II) using lawesson's reagent under microwave condition. The synthesized compounds are
characterized by combination of elemental analysis and standard spectroscopic methods.In series II,all the synthesized
compounds mesogenic properties.The biological properties and cytotoxic activities of mesogenic compounds in the
present work are compared with each other to evaluate the effect on properties.
CHEMICAL PNEUMONITIS INDUCED ACTIVE LUNG INJURY – A CASE SERIES
Authors: Sabhandasani Akshay , Sankhe Prachi , Roy Swetabh , Patil Smita
Published: February 2025

Objective:To investigate chemical pneumonitis, a serious medical condition requiring prompt treatment, and explore
diagnostic and treatment options, as well as potential complications. Materials And Methods: A prospective,
observational study was conducted on patients attending the Emergency Department/OPD with a history of exposure to
various chemicals (n=3). Relevant investigations were carried out, and data was collected in a proforma and analyzed
using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: Chemical pneumonitis diagnosis relies on clinical presentation,
medical history, and diagnostic tests. Symptoms range from mild coughing and chest discomfort to severe respiratory
distress and hypoxemia. Chest imaging (X-ray/CT scan) confirmed acute lung injury due to inhalation/aspiration of
irritant substances. Treatment is mainly supportive, focusing on symptom relief and oxygenation, utilizing oxygen
therapy,bronchodilators,corticosteroids,and mechanical ventilation as needed. Conclusion:This study highlights the
importance of understanding the dangers of chemical exposure, emphasizing proper training, safety precautions, and
caution when handling hazardous compounds.Early recognition and intervention are critical to reducing morbidity and
mortality,and most poisonings can be prevented by taking necessary precautions.
EXPLORING DRUG CONSUMPTION TRENDS: A DATA DRIVEN ANALYSIS
Authors: Ganesh. Babu Eswar. , Nammi Srinivas , Mastan S. A , Sandhya B. , Madhuri P. Leela , Anand K. , Harshitha T. , Manikanta S. Sri , Himahasanthi A.
Published: February 2025

This study identifies key demographic and personality-based predictors of drug consumption by analyzing behavioural
patterns associated with drug use. Leveraging a multidisciplinary approach, it integrates epidemiological data, social
science research, and advanced machine learning techniques, with SAS programming playing a pivotal role in data
analysis. A review of over 300 articles published between 2000 and 2022 provides a comprehensive understanding of
trends in drug initiation, frequency, and cessation among diverse demographic groups. Significant factors influencing
drug-related behaviours include age,gender, socioeconomic status, and geographic location.The study also uncovers
risk factors, protective factors, and patterns of polydrug use through large-scale dataset analyses. Additionally, it
explores the role of digital platforms and social networks,highlighting how social media,online communities,and peer
influences contribute to drug initiation, sharing of experiences, and the normalization of substance use. By combining
behavioural science with data-driven methodologies,this research offers actionable insights for developing evidencebased public health policies and intervention strategies. Future investigations should focus on emerging drug trends,
novel substances,and the rapidly evolving digital landscape influencing drug-related behaviours.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SMART PROSTHETIC ARM CONTROLLED BY EMG SENSORS AND AI
Authors: Kabra Anuj
Published: February 2025

The increasing prevalence of limb loss, whether due to congenital disorders or traumatic events, has accelerated the
demand for innovative and efficient prosthetic technologies. In response to this, the paper proposes an advanced
prosthetic arm control system that integrates electromyography (EMG) sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) for
seamless, user-driven motion. The system leverages the capability of EMG sensors to detect electrical signals from
remaining muscle tissue, which are then transmitted to a Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller for real-time processing.
These signals are interpreted by a machine learning model, specifically TensorFlow Lite, to control the movement of the
prosthetic arm's servo motors with high precision. This setup facilitates intuitive control, allowing users to execute
complex gestures and actions with ease. The inclusion of AI not only increases the accuracy of motion predictions but
also enables the system to adapt to the unique muscle signals of individual users, offering a more personalized
experience. The results highlight the potential of combining bioelectric signal detection with machine learning to
revolutionize prosthetic functionality, ultimately enhancing the autonomy and quality of life for users facing limb loss.
A telepítési sűrűség és a lombkorona-borítottság vizsgálata budapesti szabadtereken
Authors: Tóth Barnabás , Doma-Tarcsányi Judit , Takácsné Zajacz Vera , Gergely Antal , Szabó Krisztina
Published: February 2025

A városi zöldfelületek rendszerében kulcsszerepet töltenek be a közterületen álló fák, melyeknek egyre nagyobb kihívásokkal kell szembenézniük az urbanizáció, a klímaváltozás és az emberi beavatkozások hatásai miatt. A zöldterületek jelentősen javítják a mikroklímát, támogatják a biológiai sokféleség megőrzését, és esztétikai értékük is jelentős, ezért védelmük és fejlesztésük kiemelten fontos. Kutatásunk a budapesti szabadterek lombkorona-fedettségét értékeli a telepítési sűrűség függvényében, különös figyelemmel a terek és utcák fás szárú növényeinek telepítési távolságára és az ebből adódó borítottsági értékek összehasonlítására. Vizsgálataink során figyelembe vettük a telepítéskori, jelenkori és a teljesen kifejlett lombkorona arányának mennyiségi és minőségi változásait, hogy az egyes fafajok igényeit és sajátosságait (koronaforma, növekedési erély) figyelembe véve ideális telepítési ajánlásokat fogalmazhassunk meg. Második esettanulmányunk során a Szent Gellért tér faállományát vizsgáltuk. Az értékelés során megállapítottuk, hogy a lineáris facsoportok egyedei – taxontól függetlenül – habitusuk, lombkoronaformájuk és telepítési sűrűségük alapján közel ideális feltételek mellett fejlődnek, és várhatóan a jövőben is jól fejlődhetnek. Ezzel szemben a zöldkazettákban álló fák közül elsősorban a facsoport külső egyedek bizonyulnak hosszú távon is értékesnek az ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatások szempontjából. A jelenlegi nyílt lombfelületek aránya 97%, mely a vizsgált szabadterek között a legjobb értékek közé tartozik, azonban a fák kifejlett korában a zöldkazettában ez az arány 52%-ra, míg a lineárisan ültetett facsoportok esetében 71%-ra esik vissza ezért kijelenthető, hogy a zöldkazettákban álló taxonok a rossz telepítési sűrűség következtében jelentősen akadályozni fogják egymás fejlődését és kedvező hatásaikat sem képesek teljes mértékben kifejteni majd a jövőben.
Changes in Green Space Intensity in Újbuda, in Budapest’s 11th district
Authors: Jombach Sandor , N. Hassan Yaseen , Wagner Jakab Rudolf , Du Chenyu , Sölch Benedek , Üsztöke Laura
Published: February 2025

This research uses the ”Green Space Intensity” (GSI) index to describe the changes of green space within Újbuda, Budapest’s 11th district, from 1992 to 2023. The GSI index is based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) generated from satellites, but the values have been revised and adjusted to high-resolution orthoimagery and validated by VHR satellite images. The index has been developed over the last two decades, is well known and has been used in the last ten years in research to analyse green spaces within the towns and cities of Hungary. Analysis of green space changes provides reasonable decision-support in urban planning and city development. It helps to define the drivers of change and the effects of changes on the urban climate, paved and built-up areas, the urban habitat of wildlife species and the role of endemic, invasive and ornamental plant species in the city’s green infrastructure. From an urban ecology perspective, this research supports better and more sustainable planning and design solutions. In the 11th district of Budapest, called Újbuda or “New Buda”, using the available Landsat and Sentinel satellite images, we examined changes over three decades. During the first part of the three decades, the increase in green space intensity was more due to the abandonment of former uses and due to the increase in “block of flat” socialist type residential areas built before the 1990s. Meanwhile, several greenfield investment projects resulted in a decrease. For the period after 2015 the decrease in GSI was due to development on abandoned or areas of low land-use intensity, while increases were predominantly associated with the greening and landscaping phase of previous constructions.
How Long can Wikipedia Keep Making False Claims about Einstein’s Flawed Relativity Theory?
Authors: Buenker Robert J.
Published: February 2025

There is a litany of fundamental problems with Einstein’s theory of relativity. The Lorentz transformation (LT), which the centerpiece of his theory, is not internally consistent, thereby proving that is not valid. It claims that lengths can contract while times increase without changing the value of its ratio, the speed of light. It argues in favor of the symmetric character of time dilation, even though the experiments with circumnavigating clocks carried out in 1970 by Hafele and Keating contradict this claim. It also claims that events which are simultaneous for one observer may not be so for another, even though the Global Positioning system relies on the assumption that the emission of light pulses occurs at exactly the same time for both the atomic clock on an orbiting satellite and its counterpart of the Earth’s surface. Wikipedia supports Einstein’s theory at every turn. The Law of Causality, which Newton relied upon in formulating his First Law of Kinetics, is never mentioned by Wikipedia in the context of Einstein’s theory. The fact that an alternative (Newton-Voigt) space-time transformation has been introduced which is consistent with the Law of Causality and Galileo’s Relativity Principle (RP) is totally ignored by Wikipedia. The Uniform Scaling Method of physical properties is ignored as well, despite its usefulness in comparisons of the results of experiments from the vantage points of different rest frames. All of these inadequacies of Wikipedia are discussed in detail below.
Pergeseran Makna Penanda Gender Wanita oleh Penutur Pria dengan Partikel Akhir Wa pada Tuturan Bahasa Jepang
Authors: Robihim Robihim , Permatasari Kun Makhsusy , Thamrin Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Partikel akhir penanda gender wanita adalah partikel yang biasanya digunakan di akhir kalimat oleh kebanyakan kaum wanita dalam tuturan Bahasa Jepang. Hal ini untuk menunjukkan sifat feminin atau kelembutan wanita, yang membedakan dengan penutur pria. Ada banyak partikel akhir penanda gender wanita dalam tuturan Bahasa Jepang, namun partikel yang sering muncul dalam penggunaan penanda gender wanita adalah partikel wa. Partikel wa yang dituturkan memiliki banyak makna sesuai dengan situasi dan fungsinya. Adakalanya partikel akhir wa ini juga menunjukkan level social dan identitas diri dari penuturnya. Namun seiring berjalannya waktu penggunaan partikel wa ini mengalami pergeseran fungsi, makna dan situasi pengguna. Ketika partikel akhir wa dituturkan oleh pria, maka beberapa hal ini akan terjadi seperti perubahan situasi tutur, perubahan makna tutur, perubahan tujuan tutur, perubahan status social penutur dan perubahan kondisi kejiwaan penutur. Dengan mengacu pada teori John Searlepada tindak tutur ilokusi maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat proses pengalihan partikel akhir wa penanda gender wanita kepada pria. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode  analisis isi, yakni menganalisa perubahan setiap tuturan dengan penanda gender wanita oleh partikel akhir wa. Selanjutnya dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa penutur pria menggunakan partikel akhir penanda gender wanita dalam bentuk tuturan ekspresif, asertif, komisif, direktif dan tidak ditemukan pemakaian partikel akhir penanda gender wanita dalam bentuk tuturan deklaratif. Motif penutur pria menggunakan partikel akhir penanda gender wanita bukan untuk menunjukkan feminitas namun untuk menjaga hubungan dengan lawan tutur serta membangun keakraban dengan lawan tutur.
EVALUATION OF DIESEL FUELS BY A COMPLEX INDICATOR OF COMBUSTION STIFFNESS IN A PISTON ENGINE
Authors:   Federal Autonomous Establishment "The 25th State Research Institute of chemmotology of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation", UKHANOV D.A. , MANSHEV D.A. ,   Federal Autonomous Establishment "The 25th State Research Institute of chemmotology of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation", UKHANOV A.P. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Published: February 2025

In order to reduce labor costs when evaluating new or modernized diesel fuels using combustion stiffness indicators without reducing reliability and accuracy requirements, it is proposed to use a complex indicator - the integral stiffness coefficient by the value of the relative change in the difference of the areas of the indicator diagrams recorded during fuel combustion in a diesel engine and without, instead of the traditionally used single indicators for the combustion process of motor fuel in the rapid combustion phase (maximum cycle pressure, average and maximum pressure build-up rate, degree of pressure increase). The deviation of the integral stiffness coefficient (К_S) when operating the diesel engine with the test fuel should not exceed 15% of the same coefficient with the control fuel. If the condition К_S≤ 15 % is fulfilled, the test fuel meets the requirements for combustion stiffness in the rapid combustion phase and can be recommended for further tests or for use for functional purposes in a diesel engine.
THE QUALITY OF POT MARIGOLD RAW MATERIAL OBTAINED IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION USING GROWTH REGULATORS
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", GUSHCHINA V.A. , KUTIKHINA E.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", KURDYUKOV E.E. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State University”
Published: February 2025

When growing medicinal plants, it is important not only to obtain a high yield, but also high-quality raw materials. A wide range of pharmacological effects of calendula is due to the content of the dominant complex of biologically active compounds (BAС) responsible for immune activity and antioxidant properties. These include flavonoids (rutin, narcissin) and carotenoids (β-carotene, lutein). Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the effect of growth regulators of natural origin on the quality of pot marigold raw materials obtained in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The amount of flavonoids was determined in calendula flowers collected in the third decade of July, August, and September by differential spectrophotometry in terms of rutin at a wavelength of 408 nm. Quantitative determination of the content of calendula carotenoids in flowers was carried out by direct spectrophotometric method at an analytical wavelength of 450 nm in terms of β-carotene. The average flavonoid content in July was 3.27%. In the raw materials harvested in August, flavonoid number decreased by 0.24%, in September it increased to 3.36%. According to the Golden Sea variety, the dynamics of accumulation of the amount of flavonoids from 3.37 to 3.46% can be traced. The use of Biodux and Zircon growth regulators ensures high quality of raw materials with a carotenoid content of 160.8...184.7 mg/% and 160.9...204.1 mg/%, respectively, depending on the harvest periods. This indicates the possibility of using vegetable raw materials for the industrial production of calendula preparations.
EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF VEGETABLE PEAS
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", KASYNKINA O.M. , GRYAZEVA V.I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", NUSHTAEVA A.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", BLINOKHVATOVA YU.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Published: February 2025

One of the most important conditions for increasing the yield of vegetable peas and expanding the supply of raw materials is the selection of varieties adapted to specific environmental and climatic conditions and the improvement of cultivation technology. One of the methods for improving the technology of vegetable pea cultivation, which ensures high yields and its ecological compatibility, is the use of growth regulators. The effect of growth regulators on the productivity and environmental stability of vegetable peas was studied in the conditions of the collection plot of FSBEI HE "Penza State Agrarian University". It was found that the duration of the vegeatition period in the experimental variants was 75 to 80 days, while in the control variant it was 86 days. It was also found that treating the seed with growth regulators increased seed size in yield. So, the thousand seed weight was 154.6 to 172.0 grams when treated with preparations, compared to 150.2 grams in the control. The studies showed that the yield of the vegetable pea variety Darunok varied significantly from year to year, from 3.72 in 2020 in the variant with the application of the growth regulator Rastvorin to 5.14 t/ha in 2021 in the variant with the application of the growth regulator Epin-extra. Looking at the technological technique, i.e. growth regulators, in all study years, the highest yields were recorded in the seed treatment with Epin-extra and amounted to 4.54 t/ha in 2019, 4.96 t/ha in 2020 and 5.14 t/ha in 2021. The average yield for this variant over the three years was 4.88 t/ha, which is 0.93 t more than the control variant. Studies have shown that the growth regulator Epin-extra leads to consistently high yields under different weather conditions in different years. The ecological plasticity index for this variant was 1.13. The effectiveness of the application of other growth regulators depends on the vegetation conditions.
DESIGN, JUSTIFICATION OF GEOMETRIC AND STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF A HELICAL GEARBOX
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", OVTOV V.A. , POLIKANOV A.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", YASHIN A.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", OREKHOV A.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", GRISHIN D.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", USANKIN V.K. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Published: February 2025

Currently, there is a tendency to use more compact and lightweight gearboxes, which helps to increase the productivity of agricultural machines and units. Since almost all agricultural machinery is equipped with drive mechanisms, gearboxes play an important role here. Cylindrical, conical and worm gearboxes are widely used in agricultural machinery. Gearboxes ensure the operation of units of a wide variety of agricultural machinery from small seeders to large sowing units. The right choice and timely maintenance of gearboxes will ensure a long service life of agricultural machinery with the necessary productivity. The article proposes the design of a helical gearbox with a ratio of U = 2, at a right angle of inclination of the drive gear shaft teeth 1 = 5936 and the number of teeth is Z1; at the right angle of inclination of the driven gear shaft teeth 2 = 3024 and the number of teeth is Z2. The axial distance aw is determined for a normal module mn, equal to 2.25, the number of teeth of the gear Z1 = 8 and of the wheel Z2= 16, and the geometric parameters of the gear and wheel. Verification calculations were carried out on contact stresses, bending stresses of gear teeth and wheels. A designed three-dimensional model of a gear-screw gearbox is presented, and its operation is described.
EVALUATION OF THE STARTING MATERIAL FOR THE BREEDING OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MANUKYAN I.R. , KOZYREV A.H. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Mountain State Agrarian University”
Published: February 2025

The realization of the high productivity potential of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is largely determined by adaptability to soil and climatic growing conditions. A properly selected cultivar for specific soil and climatic conditions allows you to increase yields, improve product quality, and reduce the cost of fertilizers and plant protection products. For the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus, the most important sign of adaptability is resistance to harmful diseases. To solve this problem, the appropriate source material is required. The purpose of the research is to study the genetic diversity of winter soft wheat cultivars in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus, a comprehensive assessment of winter soft wheat cultivars of the VIR collection for resistance to brown rust, pyrenosporosis and fusarium of an ear in order to include in the breeding program. A three-year (2020-2022) field study of 27 cultivars of winter soft wheat of the standard cultivar Don 107 was conducted. According to the results of the evaluation of the cultivars for resistance to ear fusarium, the susceptible type of reaction (S) was 11.1.0%, the stable type (R) – 26.0%, the intermediate type of reaction – 62.9%. According to the resistance to brown rust, the studied cultivars were ranked as follows: resistant (R) – 14.8%, susceptible (S) – 29.6%, medium–resistant (MR) - 37.0%, medium–susceptible (MS) - 18.5%. According to the resistance to pyrenophorosis, the varieties are divided into the following groups: resistant (R) – 33.3%, susceptible (S) – 11.1%, medium–resistant (MR) - 25.9%, medium–susceptible (MS) - 29.6%. Complex field resistance to the main harmful diseases of winter wheat is present in the following cultivars: Omskaya 5 (Russia), Olivin (Germany), Rausin (Kazakhstan), Karasajj (Kazakhstan), Kredo (Belarus), Chornobrova (Ukraine), Zvytyaga (Ukraine), Zysk (Ukraine). They can be recommended for the breeding programs of this region.
RESULTS OF THE LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES ON THE PNEUMATIC SEEDER EQUIPPED WITH COULTERS WITH EPICYCLOIDAL GROOVES ALONG THE CONTOUR
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", SIPUNOV V.A. , SHUMAEV V.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the study is to increase the uniformity of seed placement at the sowing depth by using a coulter disk with epicycloidal grooves along the contour. The studies were carried out on the fields of LLC "Russkoe Pole" in Serdobsky district of Penza region in 2022-2023 using the C-6PM3 pneumatic seeder with the developed working bodies, which are coulters on the disks of which there are grooves on the contour in the form of an epicycloid, according to the methods of STO AIST 5.6-2018. The quality of the sowing carried out was assessed in accordance with GOST 31345-2017. Laboratory tests in the field using the C-6PM3 pneumatic seeder equipped with coulters with epicycloidal grooves along the contour have proven the reliability of the tests carried out in laboratory conditions, where the difference between the data was no more than 5%. The studies carried out made it possible to specify the structural dimensions of the coulter, on the disk of which grooves along the contour are in the form of an epicycloid. Based on the research results, the main design parameters of the experimental pneumatic seeder C-6PM3 equipped with coulters with epicycloidal grooves along the contour, which were determined in the laboratory studies, were specified.
PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES IN BROILER CHICKENS DEPENDING ON THE PROTEIN AND METABOLIC ENERGY LEVEL IN COMPOUND FEEDS
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", POGHOSYAN D.G. , RYBALKO M.N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Published: February 2025

The meat productivity of broiler chickens in the predominant mass depends on the nutritional value of the compound feeds used for fattening. The aim of the study was to find the optimal level of crude protein content, of metabolic energy and energy-protein ratio in each age stage of fattening, taking into account its duration when fattening broiler chickens of the ROSS-308 breed. The research and production experiment was conducted on broiler chickens aged 0-39 days, manned in five groups of 100 heads each. The differences between the groups was in the use of compound feeds of different protein and energy nutritional value in three stages of fattening. The content of crude protein in compound feeds of different groups, depending on the growth stage, ranged from 20 to 27%, and the metabolic energy from 297 to 320 kcal. Based on the results of the dynamics studies of live weight and liveability of chickens, feed conversion and slaughter indicators, it can be considered that a three-stage feeding scheme using compound feeds with an optimal level of crude protein and metabolic energy in the first stage of fattening at the level of 23% and 305 kcal is more effective for fattening broilers up to 39 days of age, in the second 22.7% and 313 kcal and in the third 20% and 320 kcal.
THE POTENTIAL OF USING FESTULOLIUM IN THE ORGANIZATION OF OF FODDER AND DECORATIVE AGROPHYTOCENOSIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", KALINICHEV E.A. , GALIULLIN A.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", KERNOSOV D.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University", MARTYSHKIN A.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University"
Published: February 2025

Perennial grasses are a solid foundation for the organization of a high-quality forage base, while the range of their use can be much wider: from landscaping to design of recreational areas. Cereal crops are flexible to the conditions of cultivation, but the limiting factor for them is still the saturation of the soil with moisture. In modern conditions of increasing aridity of the climate, crops traditionally cultivated for forage and decorative purposes, including representatives of the bluegrass family, are characterized by a decrease in productivity and decorativeness. The solution to this problem may be the introduction of a promising longterm festulolium crop. In order to integrate festulolium into agricultural production, experiments were conducted to study its productivity and decorative advantages in the Middle Volga region. During the research period of 2020-2023, festulolium was characterized by indicators of green and dry mass at the level of 33.6-36.5 t/ha and 5.3-5.9 t/ha, respectively. The seed yield of the studied varieties ranged from 601.2-703.3 kg/ha, and the weight of 1000 seeds was 2.98–3.17 g.

The study of the decorative advantages of festulolium according to approved methods allowed us to conclude that for lawns consisting of festulolium both in pure sowing and as part of grass mixtures, a close-diffuse composition of herbage is characteristic, an assessment of the density of shoots is 6, a projective coating from 82 to 97%, an assessment of the overall decorative effect is 5 points, and the overall maximum quality assessment – 30 points, which characterizes them as excellent.
Impacto da Ansiedade Persistente na Pele: Mecanismos Fisiopatológicos e Manifestações Dermatológicas
Authors: Bartolomeu Ribeiro Guilherme , Maria Araújo Rêgo Hosana , Pedro Cadore João , Julien Salvarani Borges João , Nóbrega Dantas de Freitas Millena , Tiemi Auchan Kanashiro Isabella , Fonseca de Freitas Martins Giovanna , Ribas Brustolin Isadora , Silveira Neves Fiametti Giulia , Sendeski Isabella , Carolina Graciano Camargo Ana
Published: February 2025

A ansiedade persistente é um fator psicológico que pode influenciar de maneira significativa a saúde da pele. Este estudo objetivou revisar as evidências sobre os mecanismos fisiopatológicos e as manifestações dermatológicas associadas à ansiedade. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa utilizando as bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Os descritores utilizados foram “ansiedade”, “dermatologia” e “saúde mental”. Os resultados apontaram que a ansiedade pode desencadear ou agravar diversas condições dermatológicas, sendo essencial uma abordagem multidisciplinar no tratamento. Conclui-se que a compreensão do impacto da ansiedade na saúde da pele pode contribuir para melhores estratégias de manejo clínico e promoção do bem-estar dos pacientes.
Implante de Prótese Peniana em Paciente com Disfunção Erétil e Doença de Peyronie: Uma Revisão Sistemática e Atualização de Tratamento
Authors: Almeida Sandra Machado de , Sousa Luana Macedo de , Casini Andresa dos Santos Machado , Abrahim Jane Córdova , Santos Maricélia Messias Cantanhêde dos , Tedesco Thalia Alves , Trindade Frances Tatiane Tavares , Silva Andressa Lima da , Lorena Guillermo Cândido de , Nakassugui Alexsandra Silva Teixeira , Amaral Silvia Rocha do Couto , Neta Francisca Diana Braga
Published: February 2025

A disfunção erétil (DE) é uma condição prevalente que afeta milhões de homens em todo o mundo, especialmente aqueles com comorbidades metabólicas e cardiovasculares, como diabetes mellitus (DM) e hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS). A doença de Peyronie (DP), caracterizada pela formação de placas fibróticas na túnica albugínea do pênis, é uma das principais causas de agravamento da DE. Quando o tratamento conservador falha, o implante de prótese peniana se torna uma alternativa eficaz. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre a utilização do implante de prótese peniana em pacientes com DE refratária associada à DP, com base em evidências atuais e estudos relevantes, como o de Sansalone et al. (2012), que discutem a eficácia do alongamento peniano combinado com a implantação da prótese. Além disso, são abordados os efeitos psicológicos associados à DP e a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar no tratamento desses pacientes.
STRATEGI DIGITAL BRANDING RAGAMBENTALA
Authors: Diawati Prety
Published: February 2025

Masa bisnis modern terus menjadi banyak bermunculan usaha- usaha baru dengan brand yang menaikan citra bisnis brand jadi bukti diri dari produk itu sendiri yang jadi karakteristik khas dalam kepemilikan produk, dalam membangun branding pada suatu produk, perihal yang wajib dicermati dalam membangun branding memastikan elemen pada brand, memilah tipe platform digital yang digunakan, dan komunikasi apa yang hendak di informasikan. Elemen utama yang jadi pembeda merupakan nama merk, logo, simbol, karakter, yang wajib mempunyai karakter tertentu. Tujuan dari riset ini ialah buat mengenali secara mendalam gimana ragambentala melaksanakan branding pada produknya paling utama branding lewat media digital. Tata cara riset yang hendak digunakan dalam riset ini dengan tata cara riset permasalahan. Pada riset ini peneliti memakai teori integrated marketing communication perencanaan pesan komunikasi buat menciptakan komunikasi lewat pesan yang disampaikannya jadi perlengkapan promosi. Hasil riset membuktikan kalau melaksanakan branding pada produk ragambentala sangat memerlukan media yang menunjang dalam melaksanakan branding supaya brand diketahui secara luas.
 
Kata Kunci: Branding, Komunikasi pemasaran, Digital branding
REVITALIZE YOUR WORKFORCE: TRANSFORMING EMPLOYEE EXPERIENCE INTO EXCEPTIONAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: D.Prem Kumar  , Y.Suryanarayana Murthy
Published: February 2025

In today’s competitive business environment, optimizing employee experience is critical for driving exceptional performance and long-term organizational success. This study explores the multidimensional aspects of employee experience, including work environment, leadership support, career development, and workplace well-being, to determine their collective impact on performance outcomes. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was collected from a diverse sample of employees across various industries to analyze correlations between employee experience factors and key performance indicators (KPIs) such as productivity, engagement, and innovation. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and regression analysis were employed to identify the primary drivers of employee performance. Findings indicate that a supportive work culture, transparent communication, and personalized development plans are central to enhancing employee satisfaction and motivation, which, in turn, lead to improved performance metrics. The study provides actionable insights for managers and HR professionals aiming to transform employee experience strategies, reinforcing the importance of a holistic, employee-centered approach to workforce management.
KEYWORDS: Employee experience, performance, work environment, leadership support, career development, structural equation modelling.