bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addis Amba Mädhané Aläm: the Uncommon Troglodytic Heritage of Ethiopia
Authors: DEMISSIE Tsegaye Ebabey
Published: August 2020

Ethiopia is one of the few African countries that have preserved the antiquities of early and medieval Christianity. The cave church of Addis Amba Mädhané Aläm (the church of Saviour of the World), is one of the little known troglodytic heritages found in Mäqét, North Wällo. This study aims to uncover the historical, architectural and artistic values of the cave church that has unique cultural testimonies.Data for the study were collected through fieldwork, interviews, and archival consultations. The cave is believed to have been excavated by Musé, the second bishop of Ethiopia. The church has six different caves cut into a rock face. Five of them are chapels, treasuries and gusting rooms. This paper discusses the cave which is the church of Mädhané Aläm. It has a complex layout compartmented into chanting room, holy and sanctuary. The holy and sanctuary form the nave which is rock-hewn monolithic feature detached from the main rock except on its roof and base. This planning is uncommon in the rock cave church tradition of Ethiopia because the nave is monolithically carved within a cave that should not be confused with churches built under a natural cave. The old enough canopy, a large artistic processional umbrella permanently projected over the chanting place also distinguishes this cave church. This is an indigenous piece of handcraft crafted locally from the bark of a tree. It is painted with different symbols and saint icons. The cave is also home to archaic mural paintings.
Paolo VI: la santitta come „dramma di amore”
Authors: Cazzago Aldino
Published: August 2020

The article presents the teaching of Pope Paul VI on holiness. It shows the context of this teaching, which was the findings of the Second Vatican Council. The article shows how the pope understood what holiness is, how he understood the relationship between holiness and love, the role of the Church and the action of the Holy Spirit.
Collagen Type I and Type II Expression Evaluation on Cartilage Defect Regeneration Treated with Dwikora–Ferdiansyah–Lesmono–Purwati (DFLP) Scaffold Supplemented with Adipose–Derived Stem Cells (ASCs) or Secretome: An In-Vivo Study
Authors: Perbowo Adrianto Prasetyo , Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Widhiyanto Lukas , Airlangga Primadenny Ariesa , Purwati Purwati
Published: August 2020

Abstract Cell-based therapies such as Scaffold, stem cells, and secretome, are one of the alternatives to enhance the regeneration of hyaline-like cartilage in cases of cartilage defects. This study is an in-vivo experiment using animal models, in which we apply a composite of DFLP (Dwikora-Ferdiansyah-Lesmono-Purwati) Scaffold and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ASCs) or Secretome to an injury model on the distal femoral trochlea of New Zealand White Rabbits. The animals were divided into four groups: (1) control (K); (2) Scaffold only (S); (3) Scaffold + ASCs (SA); (4) Scaffold + Secretome (SS). Animals were terminated in the 12th week, and an immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation for Collagen type I and II were done. Statistical analysis shows that collagen type I IHC between groups shows no significant difference (p = 0.546). Collagen type II IHC shows significant difference between groups (p = 0,016). The findings in this study showed that Scaffold + ASCs group and Scaffold + Secretome have better collagen type II expression compared to the control group. DFLP Scaffold composite with ASCs or Secretome shows potential for cartilage regeneration therapy by increasing type II collagen expression as in hyaline-like cartilage which may be used for regenerative therapy for cartilage defects. Keywords             : DFLP Scaffold; Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ASCs); Secretome; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type IICorrespondence    : ianperbowo@me.com
Medical students' perspectives about distance learning during early COVID 19 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Utama Muhammad Reza , Levani Yelvi , Paramita Ayu Lidya
Published: August 2020

Background: Medical education throughout the world has experienced major changes as a consequence of the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Government of Indonesia has instructed physical distancing so that teaching and learning activities, including in the Faculty of Medicine, must be carried out at home with online methods to reduce the risk of COVID distribution. Objective: to explore undergraduate medical students’ perspectives towards distance learning during early COVID 19 pandemic at Muhammadiyah Surabaya University - Faculty of Medicine (MSU-FM), Indonesia. Methods: a qualitative study of students’ online survey responses had been done. Thematic analysis based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technolgy (UTAUT) constructs was done to ecplore students’ perspectives. Results: Students have a positive perspective related to performance expectancy of distance learning. This factor have been perceived as factor that support the behavior of the use of distance learning in order to increase cognitive involvement in the learning process. However, in this study, other factors conveyed by students limiting their optimal use of current distance learning platform. Conclusion: Students‘ user experiences must be developed and maintained continuously during this pandemic era. Longitudinal studies that investigate the long-term impact of various distance learning platforms‘ usage also need further study.
Pemerolehan Bahasa Anak Usia 2,5 Tahun: Aspek Fonologis
Authors: Aprilia Melati
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini akan membahas mengenai pemeroleh bahasa anak pada usia 2,5 tahun. Peneliti bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pemerolehan bahasa seorang anak. Anak yang diteliti dalam penelitian memiliki tingkat pemerolehan bahasa yang cukup baik, namun jika ditinjau dari aspek fonologis masih banyak kesalahan dalam pengucapan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, yang mana menjabarkan tentang pemerolehan bahasa anak yang ditinjau pada aspek fonologisnya. Teknik pengambilan datanya dengan metode rekam, simak, dan catat. Kefasihan anak dalam pengucapan ialah unsur vokal (a, i, u, e, dan o), sedangkan unsur konsonannya masih banyak ketidak tepatan dalam pengucapan.Kata kunci: Pemerolehan bahasa, fonologis, vokal, konsonanABSTRACTThis study will discuss about the acquisition of 2,5 years old children’s language. Researchers aim to determine the process of language acquisition of a child. The children who observe in the study had a fairly good level of language acquisition, but when viewed from the phonological aspect there were still many errors in pronounciation. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method, which describes the acquisition of children’s language in terms of phonological aspects. The technique of collecting data using the recording method, observe, and note. Children’s fluency in pronounciation is the vocal element (a, i, u, e, and o), while the consonant elements are still many inaccuracies in pronounciation.Keyword: Language acquisition, phonology, vocal, consonants
Fungsi Tradisi Lisan Aurodan dari Tarekat Asy-Syahadatain Cirebon dalam Kehidupan Komunitas Pemiliknya
Authors: Subaweh Ahmad Maskur , Sumiyadi Sumiyadi , Iskandarwassid Iskandarwassid , Permadi T.
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAKTradisi Aurodan Jamaah Tarekat Asy-Syahadatain di Cirebon adalah bagian dari tradisi lisan dalam bentuk ritual pertunjukan, yang merupakan zikir berbunyi nyaring bersama dengan nyanyian puisi nadhoman Cirebon. Aurodan mencerminkan budaya Islam Cirebon yang lembut, terbuka, dan toleran sebagai produk akulturasi dari beberapa budaya, yaitu Jawa, Sunda, Arab, dan bahkan budaya lain di Cirebon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fungsi tradisi lisan Aurodan komunitas Jamaah Asy-Syahadatain di Cirebon. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang meneliti objek dalam kondisi alam, untuk menemukan makna dan generalisasi, di mana peneliti sebagai instrumen utama dalam metode penelitian. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk menggambarkan, menganalisis, mengungkap, dan menjelaskan fungsi tradisi Aurodan Asy-Syahadatain Cirebon. Penelitian ini menggunakan data dasar yaitu fungsi tradisi lisan Aurodan Asy-Syahadatain Cirebon. Pengumpulan data tenik dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan beberapa penjelasan tentang fungsi tradisi Aurodan cirebon yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan sosial dan dapat diangkat sebagai salah satu warisan budaya Cirebon yang memiliki ciri khas sebagai budaya khas pesantren yang menjaga kelestarian budaya dan kearifan lokalnya.Kata kunci: Tradisi lisan, Aurodan, fungsi, Asy-Syahadatain CirebonABSTRACTThe Aurodan tradition which is held by Jamaah Tarekat Asy-Syahadatain in Cirebon is part of an oral tradition in the form of a ritual performance, which is a dhikr that sounds loud along with the singing of the Cirebon nadhoman poetry. Aurodan reflects the soft, open and tolerant culture of Cirebonese Islam as an acculturation product of several cultures, namely Javanese, Sundanese, Arabic, and even other cultures in Cirebon. This study aims to describe the function of the Aurodan oral tradition of the Jamaah Asy-Syahadatain community in Cirebon. This research is a qualitative study that examines objects in natural conditions, to find meaning and generalization, where the researcher as the main instrument in research methods. This study was designed to describe, analyze, uncover, and explain the function of the Aurodan Asy-Syahadatain Cirebon tradition. This study uses basic data that is the function of Aurodan Asy-Syahadatain Cirebon oral tradition. data collection technique is conducted by observation, interview, document study. The results of this study found several explanations about the function of the Aurodan cirebon tradition which are very important in social life and can be appointed as one of Cirebon's cultural heritages that has a characteristic as a typical pesantren culture that preserves its cultural preservation and local wisdom.Keyword: Oral Tradition, Aurodan, function, Asy-Syahadatain Cirebon
Distribusi, Pelepasan, dan Perubahan Fonem [R] dalam Komunikasi Anak Usia 3 Tahun
Authors: Sakrim Sakrim
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAKAlat ucap sangat mendominasi terhadap ketepatan dalam mendistribusikan dan pelepasan fonem. Ketika alat ucap tidak sempurna maka akan memberi efek bagi lingual. Distribusi dan pelepasan fonem tidak akan semestinya tepat dan benar jika alat ucap sebagai elemen pendukung tidak sempurna. Alat ucap yang terdepan membantu untuk merealisasikan keluarnya bunyi fonem yang diharapkan khususnya fonem [R], hal ini sering terjadi pada anak usia dini. Anak usia 3 tahun bisa mendistribusikan fonem-fonem yang ringan untuk dikomunikasikan. Anak usia 3 tahun alat ucapnya tidak sempurna seperti orang dewasa. Ketidaksempurnaan alat bicara sangat mempengaruhi terhadap bicara anak khususnya untuk mendistribusikan fonem-fonem yang sulit seperti fonem [R], [S], dan [F]. Problem seperti itu terjadi bukan hanya di pedesaan, di daerah kota masih banyak temuan dalam berkomunikasi anak tidak bisa menggunakan fonem [R]. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini  yaitu, metode simak, rekam, dan catat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan ditemukan beberapa data kesalahan pelepasan bunyi fonem [R] di awal kata, kesalahan pelepasan bunyi fonem [R] di tengah kata, dan kesalahan pelepasan bunyi fonem [R] di akhir kata. Kata kunci: Pemerolehan Bahasa, anak usia 3 tahun,distribusi ABSTRACTThe speech instrument dominates the accuracy in distributing and releasing phonemes. When the utterance is not perfect, it will have an effect on the lingual. The distribution and releasing phonemes will not be appropriate and correc,t if the speech device, as supporting element, is not perfect. The the front speech device helps to realize the expected phoneme sounds, especially phonemes [R], this often occurs in early childhood. 3 years old children can distribute light phonemes to be communicated. A 3-year-old child speech is not as perfect as an adult. Speech device imperfections are very influential on children's speech, especially to distribute difficult phonemes such as [R], [S], and [F] phonemes. This problem does not occur only in rural areas, in urban areas there are still many findings in children cannot communicate using phonemes [R]. Data collection in this research is analytic method, recording, and taking note. Based on the results of  conducting research found that some data errors in the release of phonemes [R] at the beginning of words, errors in releasing phonemes [R] in the middle of words, and errors in releasing phonemes [R] at the end of words.Keyword: Language acquisition, 3-year-old child, distribution
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay
Authors: Puryati Dwi
Published: August 2020

Company is going public in Indonesia are required to publish their financial reporting that have been audited by an external auditor in accordance with the specified time. However  in practice there are still companies that are late in submitting financial reporting. This research  aims to examine the effect  of tenur audite, audit opinion and size company to audit delay in manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange on 2015-2017.

The population in this reserch is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2017 with total number of 152 companies. The sample selected by random sampling with the number of samples calculated by the Solvin Formula, and obtained the result of 60 of minimum samples.  The data analysis technique used  F and t examined. .

The results of the study show that simultaneously tenur audite, audit opinion and company size have a significant effect on audit delay. While partially tenur audite and audit opinion have a  significant effect on audit delay, and company size does not significantly effect on audit delay.
Analisis Profitabilitas, Leverage, Pertumbuhan Penjualan Dan Kepemilikan Keluarga Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak
Authors: Irawati Wiwit , Akbar Zul , Wulandari Rosita , Barli Harry
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Pertumbuhan Penjualan dan Kepemilikan Keluarga terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Didorong oleh pentingnya pendapatan pajak sebagai salah satu sumber pendapatan terbesar di negara ini, dengan sampel yang diambil adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada 2013-2017. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang bersumber dari laporan keuangan dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sebelum data dianalisis, uji asumsi klasik dilakukan dengan tujuan agar persamaan regresi yang dihasilkan tidak bias dan konsisten. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah statistik deskriptif dan pengujian regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan alat statistik SPSS versi 24. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan perusahaan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak. Sementara Profitabilitas, Leverage, dan Kepemilikan Keluarga tidak berpengaruh pada Penghindaran Pajak. Dan Profitabilitas, Leverage, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, dan Kepemilikan Keluarga secara simultan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Penghindaran Pajak di Perusahaan Manufaktur pada 2013-2017.

Kata Kunci : Profitabilitas, Leverage, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Kepemilikan Keluarga, Penghindaran Pajak
Koping religius kaitannya dengan subjective well-being santri pondok pesantren
Authors: Kamaliyah Salma , Purwaningsih Indriyati Eko , Ballerina Titisa
Published: August 2020

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empirik hubungan antara koping religius dengan subjective well-being. Hiptesis dalam penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan positif antara koping religius dengan subjective well-being santri pondok pesantren. Subjek penelitian adalah santri berjumlah 142 orang.Teknik penentuan subjek penelitian menggunakan simple random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode tes non kognitif dengan alat ukur psikologi berupa skala.Skala yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala subjective well-being dan skala koping religius Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis yang diajukan yaitu dengan teknik korelasi product moment, untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan antara koping religius dengan subjective well being. Analisis dilakukan dengan bantuan SPSS versi 16.0 for windows. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,639 dengan p=0,000 (p < 0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara koping religius dan subjective wellbeing. Semakin tinggi koping religius maka semakin tinggi subjective well-being dan semakin rendah koping religius maka semakin rendah subjective well-being. Sumbangan efektif koping religius terhadap subjective well-being sebesar 40,8% dan 59,2 % sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain seperti pendapatan, usia, pekerjaan, pendidikan, pernikahan dan keluarga, kepribadian.Kata Kunci : Koping Religius, Pondok Pesantren , Santri, Subjective Well-being
Kecemasan, submisif dan depresi ditinjau dari pola kepribadian spranger pada mahasiswa
Authors: Hartosujono Hartosujono
Published: August 2020

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian membahas tentang kecenderungan kecemasan, submisif dan depresi yang ditinjau dari pola Kepribadian Spranger. Menggunakan Skala Neurotic Scale Questionnaire (NSQ) dan nilai-nilai saat individu berperilaku). Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa, dipilih menggunakan purposive random sampling, berjumlah 112 mahasiswa. Subjek diminta mengisi dua skala tersebut. Kemudian jumlah hasil dari kedua skala tersebut dikorelasikan dengan menggunakan bivariate. Pada skala Spranger hanya diambil tiga pola kepribadian yang disertakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: pola kepribadian Teori, pola kepribadian Aestetis dan pola kepribadian Agama. Sedangkan Skala NSQ dengan variable Kecemasan, Submisive dan Depresif.  Ketiga-tiganya memiliki korelasi yang signifikan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap pola kepribadian menunjukkan kecenderungan gangguan mental dalam bentuk kecemasan, submisif dan depresif. Untuk pola kepribadian Teori bagian dari hasil tes SOV dengan kecenderungan kecemasan sebesar 0,357; untuk Submisive sebesar 0,454 dan depresif 0,565. Pola kepribadian Aestetis berkecenderungan mengalami gangguan mental kecemasan 0,329; untuk Submisive sebesar 0,405; dan depresif 0,476. Pada kepribadian Agama kecenderungan mengalami gangguan mental kecemasan sebesar 0,181; untuk Submisive sebesar 0,328; dan untuk Depresif 0,352.  Kata kunci: Kepribadian Aestetis, Kepribadian Agama, kecenderungan kecemasan, kecenderungan Submisive dan kecenderungan Depresif
OSF io - Materi Jeff Webinar EIYRA 2
Authors: Jayapura STAK Arastamar Grimenawa
Published: August 2020

OSF atau open Science Framework tersebut bersifat free alias gratis. selain itu anda jugadiberikan ruang penyimpan gratis dan setiap artikel atau hasil research yang di upload di OSFdiberikan nomor DOI (Digital object indetifier).
Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa Dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Nafinuddin Surianti
Published: August 2020

Pengertian kesalahan berbahasa dibahas juga oleh S. Piet Corder dalam bukunya yang berjudul Introducing Applied Linguistics. Dikemukakan oleh Corder bahwa yang dimaksud dengan kesalahan berbahasa adalah pelanggaran terhadap kode berbahasa. Pelanggaran ini bukan hanya bersifat fisik, melainkan juga merupakan tanda kurang sempurnanya pengetahuan dan penguasaan terhadap kode. Si pembelajar bahasa belum menginternalisasikan kaidah bahasa (kedua) yang dipelajarinya. Dikatakan oleh Corder bahwa baik penutur asli maupun bukan penutur asli sama-sama mempunyai kemugkinan berbuat kesalahan berbahasa. Berdasarkan berbagai pendapat tentang pengertian kesalahan berbahasa yang telah disebutkan di atas, dapatlah dikemukakan bahwa kesalahan berbahasa Indonesia adalah pemakaian bentuk-bentuk tuturan berbagai unit kebahasaan yang meliputi kata, kalimat, paragraf, yang menyimpang dari sistem kaidah bahasa Indonesia baku, serta pemakaian ejaan dan tanda baca yang menyimpang dari sistem ejaan dan tanda baca yang telah ditetapkan sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam buku Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan. Adapun sistem kaidah bahasa Indonesia yang digunakan sebagai standar acuan atau kriteria untuk menentukan suatu bentuk tuturan salah atau tidak adalah sistem kaidah bahasa baku.Keyword: analisis kesalahan berbahasa, bahasa indonesia
Khotbah Eksegese Hakim-Hakim 8:4 "Bersama Tuhan Meraih Kesuksesan Walaupun Sudah Capek"
Authors: Karlau Sensius Amon
Published: August 2020

Semua manusia pada dasarnya ingin menjadi sukses, ingin menjadi berhasil, ingin menjadi nomor satu. Tidak ada orang yang hanya mau menjadi nomor dua, dan ini adalah hukum alamiah. Maka pemaknaan pada salah satu bagian kisah dalam Kitab Hakim-Hakim’ sangat menarik karena dalam sejarah Israel, Secara garis besar, Hakim-Hakim yang muncul di Alkitab adalah 12 orang. Dapat diurutkan demikian: Otniel, Ehut, Samgar, Debora, Gideon, Tola, Yair, Yefta, Ebzan, Elon, Abdon dan Simson. Memaknai teks Hakim-hakim 8:4 pada momen ibadah tentu menjadi sebuah kenyataan yang sangat indah, namun juga “mengharukan”, Dalam bahasa Ibrani, teks ini berbunyi וַיָּבֹ֥א גִדְע֖וֹן הַיַּרְדֵּ֑נָה עֹבֵ֣ר ה֗וּא וּשְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֤וֹת הָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ עֲיֵפִ֖ים וְרֹדְפִֽים; Wăyyāḇō’ ḡĭḏe‘ôn hăyyărdēnāh ‘ōḇēr hû’ wûšlōš-mē’ôṯ hā’ȋš ’ašěr ’ĭtô ‘ayēfȋm werōdfȋm:וַיָּבֹ֥א ; Wăyyāḇō’ dari kata dasar וַ (wă)’ : dan, ketika, atau, juga dan kata: ḇō’ yakni “datang, masuk, pergi, membawa [masuk], dan mengantarkan” גִדְע֖וֹן; ḡĭḏe‘ôn : Gideon הַיַּרְדֵּ֑נָה; hăyyărdēnāh : kata sandang הַ (hă) itu, ini, dan kata yărdēnāh : Sungai Yordan עֹבֵ֣ר; ‘ōḇēr/‘ōvēr : dari kata dasar avar artinya: meluap-luap, menyeberangi, berangkat, berjalan melalui [daerah], melewati, menyeberangkan, berjalan melewatkan, menjauhkan, melampiaskan nafsu, kesal, dongkol, marah, jengkel, gemas. ה֗וּא; hû’ : Dia laki-laki, dia perempuan, beliau, ini, itu. וּשְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֤וֹת; wûšlōš-mē’ôṯ : 300 orang הָאִישׁ֙; hā’ȋš : kata sandang הַ (hă) artinya apa, apakah, itu, ini, dan kata אִישׁ֙ (’ȋš) : orang, laki-laki, memberanikan diri, berlaku sebagai laki-laki pemberani. אֲשֶׁ֣ר; ’ašěr : Kata pronoun relativum (kata ganti): bahwa, sejak, sejak itu, karena, sebab אִתּ֔ו; ’ĭtô : kemudian, dengan, pada, dekatֹ עֲיֵפִ֖ים; ‘ayēfȋm : (NIV: exhausted) artinya melelahkan dan (KJV: faint) artinya pingsan, pusing, redam, redup. וְרֹדְפִֽים׃ ; werōdfȋm : dari kata dasar radap artinya : mengejar, membawa, menghalaukan, terburu-buru.
Vitamin D, Ginkgo Biloba, ginsenosides could be used as memory enhancers in neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Tabaee Damavandi Pardis
Published: August 2020

An opinion article.
A cognitive mechanism for the persistence of widespread false beliefs
Authors: Frigo Vincent , Chen Lang , Rogers Timothy Thomas
Published: August 2020

Cognitive science commonly assumes human learners combine prior knowledge with new information to form statistically optimal beliefs. Why then are false beliefs so resilient and widespread? We develop and test a new hypothesis stemming from computational models of human category learning. In four experiments we found that learners weight conflicting information sources pursuant to a nonlinear function dependent on the learners’ initial beliefs. Highly agreeable sources receive strong weight preventing belief change, but this deference drops sharply and then flattens with increasing disparity, allowing even very distal sources to effect belief change. To understand the implications of this bias for the maintenance of false beliefs in society, we simulated groups of agents learning from one another and from a truth-telling oracle. The learning bias often led agents to fractionate into mutually distrustful groups or to converge on a common false belief. Thus, opposing belief bubbles in contemporary society may reflect stable states in a dynamic system composed of individual learners communicating their beliefs to one another and updating those beliefs according to an evidence-weighting function that strongly favors close agreement but, in the absence of such agreement, never completely discounts extreme voices.
Evaluating the learning of stimulus-control associations through incidental memory of reinforcement events
Authors: Bejjani Christina , Egner Tobias
Published: August 2020

Cognitive control describes the ability to use internal goals to strategically guide how we process and respond to our environment. Changes in the environment lead to adaptation in control strategies. This type of control-learning can be observed in performance adjustments in response to varying proportions of easy to hard trials over blocks of trials on classic control tasks. Known as the list-wide proportion congruent (LWPC) effect, increased difficulty is met with enhanced attentional control. Recent research has shown that motivational manipulations may enhance the LWPC effect, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. We manipulated Stroop proportion congruency over blocks of trials and after each trial, provided participants with either performance-contingent feedback (“correct/incorrect”) or non-contingent feedback (“response logged”) above trial-unique, task-irrelevant images (reinforcement events). The LWPC task was followed by a surprise recognition memory task, which allowed us to test whether attention to feedback (incidental memory for the images) varies as a function of proportion congruency, time, performance-contingency, and individual differences. We replicated a robust LWPC effect in a large sample (N = 402), but observed no differences in behavior between feedback groups. Importantly, the memory data revealed better encoding of feedback images from context-defining trials (e.g., congruent trials in a mostly congruent block), especially early on in a new context, and in congruent conditions. Individual differences in reward and punishment sensitivity were not strongly associated with control-learning effects. These results suggest that statistical learning of contextual demand may have a larger impact on control-learning than individual differences in motivation.
MEM-EX: An exemplar memory model of decisions from experience
Authors: Hotaling Jared M , Donkin Chris , Jarvstad Andreas , Newell Ben R
Published: August 2020

Many real-world decisions must be made on basis of experienced outcomes. However, there is little consensus about the mechanisms by which people make these decisions from experience (DfE). Across five experiments, we identified several factors influencing DfE. We also introduce a novel computational modeling framework, the memory for exemplars model (MEM-EX), which posits that decision makers rely on memory for previously experienced outcomes to make choices. Using MEM-EX, we demonstrate how cognitive mechanisms provide intuitive and parsimonious explanations for the effects of value-ignorance, salience, outcome order, and sample size. We also conduct a cross-validation analysis of several models within the MEM-EX framework. We compare these to three alternative models; two baseline models built on the principle of expected value maximization, and another employing a suite of choice methods previously shown to perform well in prediction tournaments. We find that MEM-EX consistently outperforms these competitors, demonstrating its value as a tool for making quantitative predictions without overfitting. We discuss the implications of these findings on our understanding of the interplay between attention, memory, and experience-based choice.
QUALITY OF INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP LEVEL INTERVENTIONS FOR FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS AT THE TERTIARY PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL IN UGANDA.
Authors: Mwesiga Emmanuel Kiiza , Nakasujja Noeline , Nankaba Lawrence , Nakku Juliet , Musisi Seggane
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Individual and group level interventions have the largest effect on outcomes in patients with the first episode of psychosis. The quality of these individual and group level interventions provided to first-episode psychosis patients in Uganda is unclear.Methods: The study was performed at Butabika National Psychiatric Teaching and referral hospital in Uganda. A retrospective chart review of recently discharged adult in-patients with the first episode of psychosis was first performed to determine the proportion of participants who received the different essential components for individual and group level interventions. From the different proportions, the quality of the services across the individual and group interventions was determined using the first-Episode Psychosis Services Fidelity Scale (FEPS-FS). The FEPS-FS assigns a grade of 1-5 on a Likert scale depending on the proportion of patients received the different components of the intervention. Results: The final sample included 156 first-episode psychosis patients. The median age was 27 years [IOR (24-36)] with 55% of participants of the female gender. 13 essential components across the individual and group interventions were assessed and their quality quantified. All 13 essential components had poor quality with the range of scores on the FEPS-FS of 1-3. Only one essential component assessed (use of single antipsychotics) had moderate quality.Discussion: Among current services at the National psychiatric hospital of Uganda, the essential for individual and group level interventions for psychotic disorders are of low quality. Further studies are required on how the quality of these interventions can be improved.
Individual differences in multiple object tracking, attentional cueing, and age account for variability in the capacity of audiovisual integration
Authors: Wilbiks Jonathan , Beatteay Annika
Published: August 2020

There has been a recent increase in individual differences research within the field of audio-visual perception (Spence & Squire, 2003), and furthering the understanding of audiovisual integration capacity with an individual differences approach is an important facet within this line of research. Across four experiments, participants were asked to complete an audiovisual integration capacity task (cf. Van der Burg et al., 2013; Wilbiks & Dyson, 2016; 2018), along with differing combinations of additional perceptual tasks. Experiment 1 employed a multiple object tracking task and a visual working memory task. Experiment 2 compared performance on the capacity task with that of the attention network test. Experiment 3 examined participants’ focus in space through a Navon task and vigilance through time. Having completed this exploratory work, in Experiment 4 we collected data again from the tasks that were found to correlate significantly across the first three experiments and entered them into a regression model to predict capacity. The current research provides a preliminary explanation of the vast individual differences seen in audiovisual integration capacity in previous research, showing that by considering an individual’s multiple object tracking span, focus in space, and attentional factors, we can account for up to 34.3% of the observed variation in capacity. Future research should seek to examine higher-level differences between individuals that may contribute to audiovisual integration capacity, including neurodevelopmental and mental health differences.
You’re definitely wrong, maybe: Correction style has minimal effect on corrections of misinformation online
Authors: Martel Cameron , Mosleh Mohsen , Rand David Gertler
Published: August 2020

How can online communication most effectively respond to misinformation posted on social media? Recent studies examining the content of corrective messages provide mixed results—several studies suggest that politer, hedged messages may increase engagement with corrections, while others favor direct messaging which does not shed doubt on the credibility of the corrective message. Furthermore, common debunking strategies often include keeping the message simple and clear, while others recommend including a detailed explanation of why the initial misinformation is incorrect. To shed more light on how correction style affects correction efficacy, we manipulated both correction strength (direct, hedged) and explanatory depth (simple explanation, detailed explanation) in response to participants from Lucid (N = 2,228) who indicated they would share a false story in a survey experiment. We found minimal evidence suggesting that correction strength or depth affects correction engagement, both in terms of likelihood of replying, and accepting or resisting corrective information. However, we do find that analytic thinking and actively open-minded thinking are associated with greater acceptance of information in response to corrective messages, regardless of correction style. Our results help elucidate the efficacy of user-generated corrections of misinformation on social media.
Human-animal relationships and interactions during the Covid-19 lockdown phase in the UK: investigating links with mental health and loneliness
Authors: Ratschen Elena , Shoesmith Emily , Shahab Lion , Silva Karine , Kale Dimitra , Toner Paul , Reeve Catherine , Mills Daniel S.
Published: August 2020

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic raises questions about the role that relationships and interactions between humans and animals play in the context of widespread social distancing and isolation measures. We aimed to investigate links between mental health and loneliness, companion animal ownership, the human-animal bond, and human-animal interactions; and to explore animal owners’ perceptions related to the role of their animals during lockdown. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of UK residents over 18 years of age was conducted between April and June 2020. The questionnaire included validated and bespoke items measuring demographics; exposures and outcomes related to mental health, wellbeing and loneliness; the human-animal bond and human-animal interactions. Results: Of 5,926 participants, 5,323 (89.8%) had at least one companion animal. Most perceived their animals to be a source of considerable support, but concerns were reported related to various practical aspects of providing care during lockdown. Strength of the human-animal bond did not differ significantly between species. Poorer mental health pre-lockdown was associated with a stronger reported human-animal bond (b = -.014, 95% CI [-.023 - -.005], p = .002). Animal ownership compared with non-ownership was associated with smaller decreases in mental health (b = .267, 95% CI [.079 - .455], p = .005) and smaller increases in loneliness (b = -.302, 95% CI [-.461 - -.144], p = .001) since lockdown. Conclusion: The human-animal bond is a construct of potential clinical importance to identify mental health vulnerability in animal owners. Animal ownership appeared to mitigate some of the detrimental psychological effects of lockdown. Further targeted investigation of the role of human-animal relationships and interactions for human health, including testing of the social buffering hypothesis and the development of instruments suited for use across animal species, is required.
Transport Mode Choice for Commuting: Evidence from India
Authors: Chandrasekhar S , Sharma Ajay , Mishra Sumit
Published: August 2020

Using the first ever available information in Census of India 2011, covering 640 sub-national units (districts) in India, we analyze the correlates of modes of transport used by non-agricultural workers at the regional level covering both rural and urban areas. Providing a holistic picture from the perspective policy and academic perspective, we bring out some key stylized facts. Further, using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) estimation, we model the transport mode choice for commuting by the workers in the context of rural and urban India, and further extend it based on distinction in motorized and non-motorized transport modes. We find that urbanization level, population size and density along with education attainment and worker’s sex ratio (gender ratio among workers), age (elderly) and land use mix play very important role in regional pattern in transport mode choice for commuting. These results highlight the dire need for proper development of transport infrastructure and understanding its various dimensions from socio-economic, demographic and spatial point of view in the context of developing countries.
Erosion Damage to Impeller of Welding Fume Extraction System
Authors: Neidel A. , Hartanto V. , Riesenbeck S. , Ullrich T.
Published: August 2020

Even very simple cases of component failure can represent an enrichment for this section Failure Analysis. Besides the instructive value of an easily understandable content, they allow those failure analysts becoming acquainted with the field to gradually get to know the most important material-related mechanisms governing component failure cases. A look back by the authors on the section Failure Analysis of Practical Metallography cases revealed only one single erosion failure case in the past 10 years. It won't therefore do any harm to address this interesting failure mechanism once again. The erosion failure of a fan impeller presented in this article was very easily solved However, it was rather unexpected. Who would have considered it possible that an air extraction system in a factory workshop is subject to such high erosive distress? Hence, the main message of this short article is that the experts tasked with investigating the component failures should be very thorough and propose all sorts of damage hypotheses, sometimes even those which, at first glance, appear unlikely, and may only reject them when the examination results indicate the contrary.
ANÁLISE DE DESDOBRAMENTO DE CUSTOS LOGÍSTICOS EM UMA GRANDE EMPRESA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Terazzi Luis Fernando , Queiroz Marcelo Fachini , De Camargo Junior João Batista
Published: August 2020

Na busca por atender as necessidades dos consumidores de forma mais assertiva e, assim, conquistar vantagem competitiva, as empresas buscam desenvolver seus processos de gestão. Neste contexto, um modelo denominado de Manufatura de Classe Mundial pode contribuir para a melhoria das operações em uma organização. Um dos principais pilares desse modelo é o cost deployment, que auxilia na identificação de perdas em diversas áreas. Considerando a importância da logística para uma empresa, e também o fato dessa área ser um dos pilares do modelo, o objetivo desse trabalho é analisar como o cost deployment de logística é aplicado em uma grande empresa brasileira e quais principais perdas causais são identificadas por essa ferramenta. A metodologia utilizada para atingir esse propósito foi a pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, por meio de um estudo de caso em uma multinacional de linha branca. Foram realizadas entrevistas com três gestores de três unidades produtivas da empresa, além de acompanhamento das operações. Os resultados do trabalho indicam que o cost deployment é aplicado a partir de cinco principais variáveis de custos logísticos, e que as principais perdas causais incluem embalagem inadequada, abastecimento de linha inadequado, distância do fornecedor, layout da planta e acuracidade de estoque.
APLICAÇÃO HÍBRIDA DE BANCO DE DADOS
Authors: Mantovani Pedro Henrique Nilson , Tiosso Fernando
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo proporcionar o entendimento a respeito do funcionamento de dois tipos de bancos de dados muito utilizados atualmente em meio às aplicações do segmento e-commerce: relacional e não relacional. Com o objetivo de vislumbrar alguns cenários e aplicações para os referidos bancos de dados, foi necessário revisar os conceitos que permeiam banco de dados relacionais e não relacionais, bem como estudar o ambiente por eles suportados. De modo a respaldar a pesquisa, foram consultadas diversas publicações envolvendo o objetivo proposto, baseada em artigos, documentações e livros. Já para o desenvolvimento prático, foi utilizado um ambiente para gerir os dois tipos de bancos de dados, relacional e não relacional, promovendo um cenário de banco de dados híbrido. Com os experimentos, pôde-se observar os resultados da aplicação, mais especificamente em relação ao armazenamento dos dados nos dois tipos de bancos de dados, ressaltando características como segurança e performance, além do destaque quanto à utilização do tipo de dado jsonb, responsável por prover um desempenho diferenciado na leitura dos dados, justificando sua possível utilização em aplicações do tipo e-commerce.
LOGÍSTICA REVERSA DE GARRAFAS PET NA EMPRESA JZ RECICLAGENS LTDA
Authors: Fagundes Paula Abreu da Silva , Herculani Rhadler
Published: August 2020

O presente estudo tem por objetivo pesquisar e analisar por meio estudo de caso os procedimentos realizados na logística reversa do material de garrafas pet na empresa JZ reciclagem, localizada na cidade de Bebedouro, SP. Utilizando de métodos quantitativos de produção durante um período de quatro meses quatro meses. Especificando parte dos procedimentos logísticos do Composto polimérico PET (Politereftalato de etileno), entre eles a compra e transporte, separação, armazenagem e compactação do mesmo, levando em conta que são apenas parte dos processos gerais de logística reversa desse resíduo. Após analisar o composto polimérico PET (politereftalato de etileno), notou-se que existe uma sazonalidade no mês de dezembro com entrada de resíduo pet na empresa e consequentemente um período de produção do material no mês de janeiro. Conclui-se que, para a logística reversa da garrafa pet, é necessário uma série de procedimentos, contudo, pode-se analisar alguns desses no estudo do caso real.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Quijada Denis Willian , Cavichioli Fábio Alexandre , Soares Nathalia Maria
Published: August 2020

Nos últimos anos a agricultura familiar alcançou grande relevância no Brasil, entretanto, por muito tempo este segmento foi ignorado por diversas políticas públicas voltadas ao setor agrícola, o que ficou conhecido como modernização conservadora, promovendo a marginalização dos pequenos produtores e criando diversos impactos sociais e ambientais no meio rural. Dentre as ações desenvolvidas estão a criação do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura (PRONAF) e do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário (MDA). Com o surgimento da Lei da Agricultura Familiar foram estabelecidas diretrizes para a formulação da Política Nacional da Agricultura Familiar. Não há dúvidas que este segmento tem grande relevância para a segurança alimentar e nutricional, junto ao desenvolvimento sustentável e a geração de emprego e renda, ocorre que as dificuldades enfrentadas e as características intrínsecas à agricultura familiar demandam por políticas públicas que viabilizem esses pequenos empreendimentos produtivos. O presente artigo visa analisar as políticas públicas brasileiras voltadas à agricultura familiar, levando em consideração um contexto histórico, por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema, levantando as dificuldades que ainda precisam ser superadas.
ANÁLISE DE MERCADO DO ÓLEO DE ABACATE
Authors: Aguiar Juliana , Pandolfi Marcos Alberto Claudio , Estracine Lucas Torquato
Published: August 2020

O abacate é originário da América Central e do México, muito utilizado na culinária. No Brasil o consumo da fruta é grande, principalmente in natura, doces e cada vez mais através do azeite (óleo extraído do fruto). O Brasil é um forte produtor de abacate, tendo o fruto plantado praticamente em todo o território. O azeite extraído da polpa do abacate é um dos mais nutritivos do mundo. As maiores áreas destinadas à produção de abacate são o Estado de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Paraná. Atualmente este óleo possui alto valor comercial devido à pequena produção mundial. Há uma grande produção de abacate no país, porém a maior parte das vendas é do fruto in natura, ou seja, sem sofrer nenhum processo de transformação. São poucas indústrias brasileiras que também extraem o óleo de abacate. Esse óleo, além de ser consumido como alimento tem sido muito utilizado para fins cosméticos e no tratamento de problemas de pele como dermatites, inflamações e queimaduras. O objetivo do artigo é avaliar a viabilidade econômica das técnicas e da produtividade de extração de óleo de abacate, analisando o mercado concorrencial, fornecedor e consumidor.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA E MOTIVAÇÃO NO TRABALHO
Authors: Lorando Tatiane Roberta dos Santos Pires , Sapienza Rodrigo , Costa Elvio Carlos da
Published: August 2020

Nas organizações empresariais a qualidade de vida e a motivação corroboram para um ambiente com uma produção proveitosa, uma ação mais competitiva e principalmente uma vida saudável dos colaboradores. O foco na Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) vem sendo aspecto fundamental de várias empresas, as quais se baseiam no bem-estar de cada colaborador e na eficiência organizacional, atuação e cooperação entre colaboradores e empresa, onde a alta gestão. Acompanhando o ambiente empresarial competitivo, as organizações procuram desenvolver condições mais humanizadas, promovendo a satisfação de toda a equipe, ponto que será fundamental para o aumento da produção e proporcionará processos internos qualitativos, considerando-se o entrelaçamento entre a organização/empresa, a qualidade de vida no trabalho e a produtividade. Para o desenvolvimento deste artigo foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, que nos mostraram que em relação à competitividade, é fundamental que as atividades produtivas estejam ligadas à estrutura organizacional, otimizando recursos, por isso a QVT demonstra a importância de observar as necessidades da equipe e promove melhorias com o intuito de motivar e satisfazer os colaboradores que dão retorno em qualidade e produtividade, promovendo assim o sucesso da empresa.
SIMULAÇÃO E OTIMIZAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE ATENDIMENTO E ENTREGA EM UMA FARMACIA
Authors: Tavares Wagner Cesar Maria , Herculani Rhadler
Published: August 2020

Um bom atendimento ao cliente e serviços de qualidade prestados é imprescindível para o desenvolvimento e êxito de qualquer organização, pensando nisso, o objetivo desse artigo é sugerir a otimização no atendimento e entrega de remédios em uma farmácia do interior paulista. Para isso, obteve-se o suporte de um software chamado ARENA que, através dele, simulou-se as atividades de atendimento, vendas, separação e entrega de pedidos de medicamentos com o objetivo de otimizar os processos na entrega. Sendo assim foram executadas simulações computacionais no ARENA, demonstrando bons resultados tanto na utilização dos funcionários, quanto no atendimento aos clientes. Através das análises apresentadas, conclui-se que a farmácia tem um bom planejamento na concepção de seus processos de entrega.
SISTEMA KANBAN E GESTÃO DE ESTOQUES
Authors: Ferreira Roger Fabrício , Campos Ronaldo Ribeiro de
Published: August 2020

O mercado atual é competitivo, razão pela qual as empresas precisam continuamente melhorar seus processos, evitar desperdícios, atender seus clientes de forma satisfatória e obter lucratividade. O sistema Kanban, aliado à filosofia Just In Time de produção puxada possibilita à empresa produzir de acordo com a demanda existente, onde o fornecimento dos itens para a produção acontece na quantidade e no momento exato, a partir da solicitação do cliente. A utilização do sistema Kanban aplicado nos processos de gestão de estoques permite a uma empresa visualizar claramente o que deve ser produzido e em que momento, evitando uma superprodução, ou ainda, uma produção abaixo da demanda, o que resultaria no não atendimento ao cliente no prazo estabelecido. Esse Artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, através da metodologia de uma pesquisa descritiva fundamentada em uma revisão bibliográfica, como trabalha uma empresa metalúrgica que migrou de um sistema de produção empurrado para puxado em alguns dos seus segmentos, com a utilização do sistema Kanban. Os principais resultados da pesquisa mostraram como a aplicação dessa ferramenta pode favorecer o fluxo de produção e de materiais em seu processo produtivo, o que permitiu concluir que contribui para sua produtividade e competitividade.