bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography for Monitoring Arterial Inflammation in Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Li ZhiQin , Zheng ZhaoHui , Ding Jin , Li XiaoFeng , Zhao YongFeng , Kang Fei , Li Ying , Pang LinXuan , Du WangLei , Wu ZhenBiao , Zhu Ping
Published: March 2019

Objective.

To evaluate the utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) compared with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in assessing vessel inflammation of Takayasu arteritis (TA).

Methods.

This is a retrospective analysis of 71 patients with TA who had undergone carotid CEUS. Twenty-two of 71 patients underwent FDG-PET after CEUS. Clinical disease activity was assessed by Kerr criteria and the Indian Takayasu Clinical Activity Score 2010 (ITAS2010). We investigated the correlation between carotid vascularization on CEUS and clinical data. The consistency of carotid CEUS and PET data has been analyzed for TA disease activity.

Results.

There was a statistically significant correlation between the results of CEUS and ITAS2010 (p = 0.004) or Kerr criteria (p < 0.001). According to ITAS2010, thirty-four of 71 patients with TA were clinically inactive. Assessment of 34 TA patients with clinically inactive disease yielded 11 CEUS scans that showed active lesions (visual grade ≥ 2) in the left or right carotid artery. In 22 cases that underwent CEUS and FDG-PET, 12 were active and 10 were inactive on the basis of ITAS2010. Moreover, bilateral carotid CEUS vascularization score positively correlated with vascular FDG uptake in these patients with TA (p = 0.004). When vascular inflammation was defined as FDG uptake with visual grade ≥ 2, carotid CEUS showed sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 80%.

Conclusion.

For TA patients with clinically inactive disease, CEUS could help clinicians to identify active lesions in the carotid vascular region. Carotid CEUS may be a rapid and cost-effective imaging tool in the followup of patients with TA.
Precipitation of Soluble Uric Acid Is Necessary forIn VitroActivation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Primary Human Monocytes
Authors: Alberts Ben M. , Barber James S. , Sacre Sandra M. , Davies Kevin A. , Ghezzi Pietro , Mullen Lisa M.
Published: March 2019

Objective.

To investigate the effects of soluble uric acid (UA) on expression and activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in human monocytes to elucidate the role of hyperuricemia in the pathogenesis of gout.

Methods.

Primary human monocytes and the THP-1 human monocyte cell line were used to determine the effects of short- and longterm exposure to UA on activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secretion by ELISA and cell-based assays. Expression of key NLRP3 components in monocytes from patients with a history of gout were analyzed by quantitative PCR.

Results.

Precipitation of UA was required for activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent release of IL-1β in human monocytes. Neither monosodium urate (MSU) crystals nor soluble UA had any effect on activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB. Prolonged exposure of monocytes to soluble UA did not alter these responses. However, both MSU crystals and soluble UA did result in a 2-fold increase in reactive oxygen species. Patients with gout (n = 15) had significantly elevated serum UA concentrations compared to healthy individuals (n = 16), yet secretion of IL-1β and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in monocytes isolated from these patients were not different from those of healthy controls.

Conclusion.

Despite reports indicating that soluble UA can prime and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, precipitation of soluble UA into MSU crystals is essential forin vitroNLRP3 signaling in primary human monocytes.
Investigating the Association of Giant Cell Arteritis with Varicella Zoster Virus in Temporal Artery Biopsies or Ascending Aortic Resections
Authors: Solomon Isaac H. , Docken William P. , Padera Robert F.
Published: March 2019

Objective.

A variety of infectious agents, including varicella zoster virus (VZV), have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis (GCA). The detectability of the virus in patients with GCA is debatable. To further investigate an association between GCA and VZV infection, 10 years of GCA cases were evaluated for VZV by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Methods.

All temporal artery biopsies and ascending aortic resections positive for GCA from 2007 to 2017 at Brigham and Women’s Hospital were immunostained using a VZV antibody cocktail (SG1-1, SG1-SG4, NCP-1, and IE-62).

Results.

Forty-one temporal artery biopsies and 47 ascending aortic resections positive for GCA were identified, all of which were found to be negative for VZV by IHC. Twelve temporal artery biopsies in this cohort were previously analyzed by unbiased metagenomics sequencing and were negative for VZV DNA.

Conclusion.

These results argue against a clinically relevant association between VZV infection and GCA, and support neither routine testing for VZV nor treatment with antiviral drugs.
Radiographic Progression According to Baseline C-reactive Protein Levels and Other Risk Factors in Psoriatic Arthritis Treated with Tofacitinib or Adalimumab
Authors: van der Heijde Désirée , Gladman Dafna D. , FitzGerald Oliver , Kavanaugh Arthur , Graham Daniela , Wang Cunshan , Fallon Lara
Published: March 2019

Objective.

To evaluate the effect of baseline risk factors on radiographic progression in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who had an inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARD) and were treated with tofacitinib or adalimumab (ADA).

Methods.

Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of PsA. OPAL Broaden was a 12-month, double-blind phase III trial. Patients received tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID; n = 107), tofacitinib 10 mg BID (n = 104), or ADA 40 mg once every 2 weeks (n = 106), all with 1 background csDMARD. Radiographs (baseline and Month 12) were scored using the van der Heijde-modified total Sharp score (mTSS) for PsA. Radiographic nonprogression was defined as an increase from baseline in mTSS ≤ 0.5, ≤ 0, or ≤ 0.66. Changes from baseline in mTSS and nonprogression (≤ 0.5 increase from baseline in mTSS) were analyzed by baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) > 2.87 or ≤ 2.87 mg/l. Baseline predictors of radiographic progression were analyzed.

Results.

At Month 12, > 90% of patients receiving tofacitinib or ADA met all radiographic nonprogression criteria. Mean changes from baseline through Month 12 in mTSS, erosion, and joint space narrowing scores were close to 0. Changes in radiographic outcomes were minimal, irrespective of baseline CRP levels > 2.87 or ≤ 2.87 mg/l, with a small numerical difference observed for tofacitinib 5 mg BID. A significant relationship was observed between baseline CRP level and increases from baseline in mTSS > 0.5 at Month 12.

Conclusion.

Elevated CRP levels at baseline were associated with greater structural progression. Changes in radiographic outcomes were minimal regardless of CRP levels. [Clinical trial registration number (www.ClinicalTrials.gov):NCT01877668]
Mettre en mouvement les agriculteurs victimes des pesticides
Authors: Jouzel Jean-Noël , Prete Giovanni
Published: March 2019

À partir du cas d’une association d’agriculteurs victimes des pesticides en France, nous proposons de rendre compte du rôle que jouent les coalitions politiques dans l’émergence et la pérennisation des mobilisations de victimes. Nous mettons en évidence le rôle tenu par une organisation proche de l’écologie politique dans la conversion de cas épars d’agriculteurs malades en une cause collective et dans la création d’une coalition autour de cette cause. Cette coalition a rapidement subi une série d’épreuves liées à la distance politique séparant ses membres. Nous identifions les facteurs qui lui permettent d’y résister et montrons que c’est au cours de ces épreuves que l’identité des victimes est négociée. Plus largement, cet article illustre l’intérêt d’analyser le travail de coalition dans la durée pour comprendre l’évolution des mobilisations victimaires.
JOTSE's new challenges
Authors: Amante García Beatriz , Martínez Martínez María
Published: March 2019

As usual in JOTSE, the first editorial of the year presents an analysis of our Journal evolution. In this sense, we reflect on the changes just undergone and the challenges to be faced in the New Year 2019.
Effect of Die Pressure and Injection Speed on Rheo-Die Casting of A356-SiC Composite
Authors: Potisawang Charinrat , Talangkun Sukangkana
Published: March 2019

In this study, effect of die pressure and injection speed on hardness and microstructure in rheo-die casting of A356-SiC composite was investigated. The master A356-SiC composite was first produced by the mechanically stirred casting. SiC-15 micron particle was added 15 wt% in the molten A356. Master composites were then remelted at 610-615 °C. Then the slurry was transferred to a ladle and injected into the die. The Injection speeds were 3 and 4 m/s and die pressures were 11 and 12 MPa. Slurry was injected into a rod of 16×15.6×205 mm. Samples were then subjected to T6 treatment: solution treated at 540 °C for 1 h, water quenched then aged at 135 °C for 12 h. The result showed that hardness increased with increasing both speed and die pressure. At speed of 3 m/s and die pressure of 11 MPa which was an injection condition recommended for the molten A356, rheo-casted sample exhibited uneven filling at the end of the rod. When both speed and die pressure increased, samples were successfully and evenly filled the die cavities. Brinell hardness tests were performed in both as-rheo casted and T6 conditions. In as-rheo casted condition, the maximum hardness value of 82.16 HB obtained from a sample rheo-casted with speed of 4 m/s and die pressure of 12 MPa. A microstructure in cross section area of a rod revealed a uniform distribution of SiC particles in the A356 matrix. After T6, hardness value of composites increased approximately 15.6%.
Effects of the Reinforcement Positions and Number of Nickel-Titanium SMA Wires on the Structural Properties of HIHFR Beams
Authors: Lee Seung Jo , Park Jung Min
Published: March 2019

This study investigated the effects of the reinforcement positions and the number of shape memory alloys (SMAs) on the structural characteristics of highly intelligent hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (hereinafter, HIHFR) beams. First, tests were conducted under monotonic loading conditions. To examine such structural characteristics, the load-deflection curve relationship and crack patterns, temperature and energy absorption, temperature and displacement ductility, displacement ductility and energy absorption, and the relationship between the displacement ductility and resilience were compared and analyzed. The reinforced concrete beam (RCB) exhibited somewhat excellent values in terms of displacement ductility, but showed the lowest values in terms of strength, resilience, and energy absorption capacity. HIHFR1 exhibited the most excellent results among the test samples in terms of resilience and energy absorption capacity. Therefore, SMAs were partially substituted for the compressive, tension, and shear reinforcement of the existing RCBs. As a result, the substitution for the compressive and tension reinforcement exhibited the best results, confirming the possibility of using SMAs as a substitute for steel reinforcement.
Hybrid Nanocomposites of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Thermoplastic Polyurethane with Nanosilica/Montmorillonite
Authors: Palawat Natsuda , Chaiwutthinan Phasawat , Limpanart Sarintorn , Larpkasemsuk Amnouy , Boonmahitthisud Anyaporn
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to improve the physical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by incorporating thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) and/or nanosilica (nSiO2). PLA was first melt mixed with five loadings of TPU (10–50 wt%) on a twin-screw extruder, followed by injection molding. The addition of TPU was found to increase the impact strength, elongation at break and thermal stability of the blends, but decrease the tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Based on a better combination of the mechanical properties, the 70/30 (w/w) PLA/TPU blend was selected for preparing both single and hybrid nanocomposites with a fix total nanofiller content of 5 parts per hundred of resin (phr), and the OMMT/nSiO2 weight ratios were 5/0, 2/3, 3/2 and 0/5 (phr/phr). The Young’s modulus and thermal stability of the nanocomposites were all higher than those of the neat 70/30 PLA/TPU blend, but at the expense of reducing the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength. However, all the nanocomposites exhibited higher impact strength and Young’s modulus than the neat PLA. Among the four nanocomposites, a single-filler nanocomposite containing 5 phr nSiO2 exhibited the highest impact strength and thermal stability, indicating that there was no synergistic effect of the two nanofillers on the investigated physical properties. However, the hybrid nanocomposite containing 2/3 (phr/phr) OMMT/nSiO2 possessed a compromise in the tensile properties.
Assessment of the perception of service recipients about the quality of work in health care professionals in the Children Emergency Room of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Osuorah Chidiebere DI. , Ndu Ikenna Kingsley , Amadi Ogechukwu F. , Ekwochi Uchenna , Nduagubam Obinna C. , Ozoemena Onukwuli V. , Maduabuchi Chinawa J. , Azionu Ogechukwu H.
Published: March 2019

The children emergency room (ER) is regarded as an essential section of hospitals and other healthcare settings where immediate medical and surgical care is given to children in need of urgent care. The conditions of the emergency room and the quality of service by the emergency room staff has been described as a major determinant of the socio-medical outcome of patients and their relatives. This is a hospital based cross-sectional carried out in the Children Emergency Room (CHER) of the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu Nigeria. Parents and care-givers that presented with their sick children to the ER department were successively enrolled after obtaining consent. Information on their assessment of certain aspects of the emergency room environment and quality of service received from medical and administrative personnel working in the emergency room was obtained using a 5-point Likert assessment scale. Results were reported using frequencies, percentages and chisquare were applicable. Statistical significance was set at P≤0.05. Over half (59%) of the 83 respondents that presented to the emergency room during the study period were self-referrals and all (95.2%), but four respondents noted a significant improvement in the condition of their sick children following management in the emergency room. In all parameters assessed, most respondents rated the emergency room conditions as moderate in noise level 69 (83.1), crowdedness 65 (78.3), comfort 49 (59.0) and cleanliness 41 (49.4) with an overall point score of 2.97±0.33 out of a possible five. Doctors were on average rated better than nurses and record clerk staff in politeness (P=0.001), patience (P=0.002), efficiency (P=0.002), and adequate explanation of procedures (P=0.001) while nurses were rated better than record staff in explanation of procedures to their patient (P=0.05) but not in politeness (P=0.894), patience (P=0.505) and efficiency (P=0.982). The rating of record clerks was significantly affected by the socio-economic class of respondents (P=0.036) but not by gender (P=0.252) or age of respondents (P=0.123). None of the respondents’ socio-demographic factors significantly determined their rating for the emergency room conditions and the quality of service by doctors or nurses. There is a need for a continued review of emergency room conditions in addition to training and re-training of staff in the children emergency room. This not only helps improve health outcomes but may also significantly reduce the duration of stay in the emergency room that in turn reduces congestion and the burden on the healthcare system.
Athletic Trainers' Influence on National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes' Basic Psychological Needs During Sport Injury Rehabilitation
Authors: Bejar Matthew P. , Raabe Johannes , Zakrajsek Rebecca A. , Fisher Leslee A. , Clement Damien
Published: March 2019

Context

Athletic trainers (ATs) have indicated a desire to better understand the motivations of athletes during rehabilitation. Self-determination theory offers an ideal lens for conceptualizing the antecedents, mediators, and consequences of motivated behavior.

Objective

To explore athletes' perceptions of ATs' influence on their basic psychological needs as well as their motivation during sport injury rehabilitation.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting

National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I universities in the northwestern and southeastern United States.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 10 injured and previously injured athletes (7 women, 3 men; mean age = 20.9 ± 2.0 years) active in a variety of sports.

Data Collection and Analysis

Participants completed semistructured interviews, which were transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using consensual qualitative research methods. Trustworthiness techniques (eg, bracketing interview, discussion of biases, member checking, external auditor) were used throughout the process.

Results

Four domains were constructed: (a) athletes' concerns about injury and rehabilitation, (b) ATs' feedback and athletes' perceptions of competence, (c) a person-centered approach from ATs and athletes' perceptions of autonomy, and (d) a connection between ATs' and athletes' perceptions of relatedness. Athletes' experiences were largely influenced by the degree to which they perceived that ATs satisfied their 3 basic psychological needs, which, in turn, was determined by the presence or absence of particular AT behaviors, such as providing encouragement (competence), soliciting input (autonomy), and building rapport (relatedness). Furthermore, the degree to which they perceived these basic psychological needs were fulfilled (or thwarted) affected their overall motivation during sport injury rehabilitation.

Conclusions

Self-determination theory is a promising framework for ATs to consider when addressing motivational challenges among injured athletes.
Body Mass Index and Type 2 Collagen Turnover in Individuals After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Lane Amy R. , Harkey Matthew S. , Davis Hope C. , Luc-Harkey Brittney A. , Stanley Laura , Hackney Anthony C. , Blackburn J. Troy , Pietrosimone Brian
Published: March 2019

Context

Individuals with an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are at an increased risk of developing posttraumatic osteoarthritis. How osteoarthritis risk factors, such as increased body mass index (BMI), may influence early changes in joint tissue metabolism is unknown.

Objective

To determine the association between BMI and type 2 cartilage turnover in individuals with an ACLR.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Forty-five individuals (31 women, 14 men) with unilateral ACLR at least 6 months earlier who were cleared for unrestricted physical activity.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Body mass index (kg/m2) and type 2 collagen turnover were the primary outcomes. Body mass index was calculated from objectively measured height and mass. Serum was obtained to measure type 2 collagen turnover, quantified as the ratio of degradation (collagen type 2 cleavage product [C2C]) to synthesis (collagen type 2 C-propeptide [CP2]; C2C : CP2). Covariate measures were physical activity level before ACLR (Tegner score) and current level of disability (International Knee Documentation Committee Index score). Associations of primary outcomes were analyzed for the group as a whole and then separately for males and females.

Results

Overall, greater BMI was associated with greater C2C : CP2 (r = 0.32, P = .030). After controlling for covariates (Tegner and International Knee Documentation Committee Index scores), we identified a similar association between BMI and C2C : CP2 (partial r = 0.42, P = .009). Among women, greater BMI was associated with greater C2C : CP2 before (r = 0.47, P = .008) and after (partial r = 0.50, P = .008) controlling for covariates. No such association occurred in men.

Conclusions

Greater BMI may influence greater type 2 collagen turnover in those with ACLR. Individuals, especially women, who maintain or reduce BMI may be less likely to demonstrate greater type 2 collagen turnover ratios after ACLR.
Characteristics of diagenetic and epigenetic sulphides in deformed and metamorphosed Archean carbonaceous metasedimentary rocks of the Timmins-Matheson corridor: establishing a framework for fingerprinting ore-forming processes in shear zone-hosted orogenic gold
systems
Authors: Pilote J -L , Jackson S E , Mercier-Langevin P , Dubé B , Rhys D
Published: March 2019

This research activity investigates the origin of gold-rich (up to approximately 10 ppm) iron sulphide nodules and the timing of gold introduction in Archean carbonaceous metasedimentary rocks near and distal to orogenic gold mineralization in the
Timmins-Matheson area, Ontario. It provides insights into the factors controlling gold enrichment and tests the hypothesis asserting a genetic link between sedimentary sulphides and orogenic gold deposits. Preliminary textural examination of numerous iron sulphide (e.g. pyrite) nodules hosted in
various sedimentary sequences from assemblages, including Kidd-Munro, Tisdale, Porcupine, and Timiskaming, reveals evidence of nucleation and formation prior to the main regional deformation events. Pyrite grains that are unequivocally metamorphic/hydrothermal in origin (e.g. coarse-grained euhedral
porphyroblasts, overgrowths, and cross-cutting stringers) show distinct geo-chemical signatures compared to the nodules, with lower contents of Sb, Tl, Ag and Au. There are also consistent intra-nodule chemical trends, including, for example, systematic decreases in Au and Ni/Tl from core to rim.
These trends are observed across the region, regardless of the setting of the nodules (i.e. shear-hosted, proximal or distal to mineralization, stratigraphic depths). The systematic core to rim decrease in gold content may reflect increasing pH and/or redox potential of the ambient fluid during the
development of the nodules. Further geochemical and isotopic work is being conducted to better understand the genesis of the gold-rich nodules and any potential genetic link that may exist between orogenic Au mineralization and an earlier gold enrichment event in the Timmins-Matheson
area.
Mantle metal mobility: preliminary gold and platinum group element geochemical results
Authors: Lawley C J M , Jackson S E , Petts D
C , Savard D , Pearson D
G , Zhang S , Zagorevski A , Kjarsgaard B A
Published: March 2019

Mantle sulphides are rare but relatively important mineral phases that dominate the chalcophile and/or siderophile element budget of the silicate Earth. The macro- to micro-scale distribution of mantle sulphides and their trace chalcophile and siderophile
elements, however, remains poorly understood. Herein we present new laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) spot and element mapping results for an assemblage of naturally occurring sulphide, alloy, and native metal minerals recovered from ophiolitic mantle peridotite
and pyroxenite (Atlin, British Columbia). Sulphide (pentlandite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite), alloy (awaruite) and native metal (copper and iron) phases are interstitial to variably serpentinized olivine and pyroxene relicts at the micro-scale. Pentlandite (±pyrrhotite) occurs with magmatic
clinopyroxene and is typically replaced by awaruite and native iron, suggesting super-reduced conditions during serpentinization and desulphidation of the low-temperature equilibrated mantle sulphide assemblage rather than the late addition of sulphide minerals during and/or after ophiolite
emplacement. Element mapping results further suggest that gold, platinum and other metals were remobilized during serpentinization. New whole-rock nickel sulphide fire-assay (NiS-FA) platinum group element (PGE) results for the same Atlin ultramafic suite, however, yield flat chondrite-normalized
profiles that scatter around the composition of the primitive mantle, suggesting that precious metal remobilization was limited to the micro-scale. Future work will focus on the paragenetic history of this ultramafic suite using a combination of whole-rock ultratrace geochemistry and isotopic
studies.
Lithological and structural setting of structurally controlled gold mineralization in the Wilding Lake region, central Newfoundland
Authors: Honsberger I W , Bleeker W , Sandeman H A
I , Evans D T W
Published: March 2019

The structurally controlled central Newfoundland gold belt is emerging as one of the next significant mining jurisdictions in Canada. Gold mineralization is associated with crustal-scale faults that preserve synorogenic conglomerates, similar to the setting of
orogenic gold in the Archean Abitibi greenstone belt. Recent exploration in the Wilding Lake region exposed a system of auriferous quartz veins hosted within sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Detailed lithological and structural documentation of these newly exposed zones was conducted to examine
controls on gold mineralization and place the vein system into a regional context.
Field data demonstrate that the main 'Elm' quartz vein extends for approximately 230 m along strike, is up to 2 m wide and cuts the conglomerate host within an oblique sinistral shear zone that accommodated north-northeast-directed thrusting. An early set of moderately dipping extensional quartz
veins, consistent with oblique sinistral shear, emanate from the main vein. A later, more steeply dipping set of extensional quartz veins crosscut the main vein and the earlier vein set, and are consistent with a component of horizontal extension. Chalcopyrite and malachite occur locally in the
early vein set, but are more abundant overall within the younger vein set. A nearly conjugate set of steeply dipping extension fractures crosscut the main vein and the two vein sets. These fractures are filled typically with vuggy quartz and unaltered and altered sulphides. Field data are consistent
with progressive deformation characterized by early oblique compressional sinistral shear and subsequent components of subhorizontal extension and minor dextral strike-slip.
Paleoproterozoic gold and its tectonic triggers and traps
Authors: Lawley C J M , Davis W J , Jackson S
E , Petts D C , Yang E , Zhang S , Selby D , O'Connor A R , Schneider D A
Published: March 2019

The tectonic trigger(s) that controls the formation of large gold deposits hosted within ancient greenstone belts re-main poorly understood. Herein we address that knowledge gap by merging macro- to micro-scale field relationships and multiple mineral
chronometers to constrain the timing of magmatism, deformation, metamorphism, and gold in the Lynn Lake greenstone belt, Manitoba. Preliminary monazite and xenotime ages from the MacLellan gold deposit (1.83-1.75 Ga) are coeval with previously reported metamorphic ages for northern Manitoba
(1.81-1.78 Ga), which also marks the terminal collision of the composite Hearne-La Ronge-Lynn Lake block and Sask-Superior craton at 1.83 to 1.80 Ga. The peak metamorphic mineral assemblage and dated phosphate minerals define the main structural fabric (D2) of the Lynn Lake greenstone belt, which
coupled with the folded, transposed auriferous veins, places a lower limit for the timing of gold at or before 1.75 Ga. However, xenotime within a garnet-hosted and gold-bearing veinlet dated at ca. 1.83 Ga may provide the first evidence for a cryptic early stage of gold mineralization that is
coeval with the onset of collisional orogenesis between the composite Hearne and Superior cratons. Ongoing thermo-chronology (e.g. apatite, biotite) and Re-Os pyrite and arsenopyrite dating at gold deposits within the Lynn Lake greenstone belt will further constrain the timing of gold deposition
relative to the different stages of the Trans-Hudson orogeny. New ages will inform ore system models by identifying the tectonic trigger(s) for gold and improving exploration targeting in ancient greenstone belts.
Lithogeochemical and sulphur isotope indicators of environment of formation and genesis of the Moss hyper-enriched black shale showing, Yukon
Authors: Gadd M G , Peter J M , Fraser T
A , Layton-Matthews D
Published: March 2019

The Moss Ni-Mo-Zn-Pt-Pd-Re-Au hyper-enriched black shale (HEBS) showing is located in the western Richardson Mountains and is one of several in northern Yukon. The mineralization consists of a thin, stratiform semi-massive Fe-Ni-Mo-Zn sulphide horizon that occurs
at the stratigraphic contact between the Road River Group and Canol Formation. This study evaluates the ambient paleoenvironmental conditions using several robust lithogeochemical proxies. Prior to HEBS formation, terrigenous clastic sedimentation predominated, whereas chemical sedimentation
pre-dominated during and immediately after HEBS formation. Rare earth element-Y data indicate that the water column was (weakly) oxygenated (Ce/Ce*SN < 1), that hydrothermal activity was absent (Eu/Eu*SN almost equal to 1), and that there was a significant seawater influence on
the sedimentary environment (Y/Ho > 28) throughout the deposition interval, even during HEBS mineralization.
High (>10) authigenic Mo/U ratios suggest that a ferromanganese particulate shuttle delivered metals sourced from seawater to the seafloor. Negative bulk delta-34S values (-19.3 to -23 permille) in the HEBS indicate that microbially reduced seawater sulphate was the source of reduced
sulphur for the mineralization. Collectively, these data signify a basinal environment that experienced varying degrees of restriction and stratification, but fresh (i.e. unfractionated) marine waters delivered metals, metalloids, and sulphur. This type of geological setting is considered critical
for the formation and preservation of HEBS mineralization.
Mineral and geochemical signatures of porphyry copper mineralization: work in progress for the Casino Cu-Au-Mo-Ag porphyry deposit, Yukon
Authors: McClenaghan M B , McCurdy M W , Garrett R
G , Beckett-Brown C E , Leybourne M I , Casselman S
G , Pelchat P
Published: March 2019

This paper reports preliminary results for a detailed indicator mineral and geochemical study of the Casino porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit, one of the largest and highest grade porphyry deposits in Canada. The calc-alkaline porphyry is hosted in a Late Cretaceous
quartz monzonite and associated breccias in the west central Yukon. This deposit is an ideal study site because it has not yet been disturbed by mining, contains tourmaline, and metal-rich stream sediments were previously identified around the deposit. At 22 sites around the deposit, one bulk stream
sediment sample for recovery of indicator minerals, two water samples and one stream silt sample for geochemical analysis, and one pebble sample were collected. Preliminary results indicate that chalcopyrite, pyrite, gold, molybdenite, sphalerite, scheelite and tourmaline in the heavy mineral
fraction of stream sediments are indicators of the porphyry mineralization and demonstrate that indicator mineral methods are a viable exploration tool in this unglaciated terrain. The geochemical signature of the deposit is best defined by Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Pb, U and Zn in stream
silt (<0.177 mm), a well-established exploration method in the region, and by Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Pb and Zn in stream water, a new tool for mineral exploration.
Unravelling tourmaline in mineralized porphyry systems: assessment as a valid indicator mineral
Authors: Beckett-Brown C E , McDonald A M , McClenaghan M B
Published: March 2019

Tourmaline has long been regarded as a petrogenetic indicator of its host environment, but its genesis in mineralized porphyry systems is poorly understood. Based on chemical and physical properties, tourmaline possesses essential features to be an effective
indicator mineral. These properties, along with its abundant occurrence in mineralized copper-gold-molybdenum porphyry systems, make it potentially a key recorder of hydrothermal fluid composition, evolution and potential mineralization. A suite of tourmaline-bearing, barren and mineralized porphyry
samples have been analysed as part of a broader study, including those from the Canadian Cordillera (Casino, Schaft Creek, High-land Valley and Woodjam) plus others, have been studied. Paragenetically, tourmaline is observed to be an early hydrothermal phase, predating both sulphide formation and
any alteration. Tourmaline is observed to exhibit multiple growth zones, based on petrographic and electron microscope observations, which are also reflected in distinct trace-element variations. Three distinct textural types are recognized: breccia-style, vein-style and disseminated-style. Ma-jor
element analyses based on SEM-EDS show a range between schorl (Na-Fe2+-rich) to dravite (Na-Mg-rich) with some minor povondraite (Na-Fe3+) component. Trace element analyses of porphyry related tourmaline via LAM-ICP-MS show distinct characteristics in comparison to that from non-porphyry settings,
including redox sensitive elements (Mn, As and Sb) and large-ion lithophile elements (Sr, Ba). Elements not observed in significant concentrations include the light elements (Li, Be) and REEs, which commonly were below limit of detection. Current trace element analysis of tourmaline derived from
surficial sediments points to tourmaline originating from the local porphyry system rather than an external source.
Mindfulness Voor LeidinggevendenState of the Art
Authors: Decuypere Anouk , Audenaert Mieke , Decramer Adelien
Published: March 2019

Mindfulness is een hype. Zowel in wetenschappelijk onderzoek als binnen de populaire media is de aandacht voor de gunstige effecten van mindfulness de laatste jaren erg toegenomen. Organisaties zetten meer en meer in op mindfulnesscursussen voor hun medewerkers. Ook het onderzoek naar
'mindful leiderschap' is in opmars. Als tegenreactie waarschuwen sommige wetenschappers voor de te grote hoera-sfeer rond 'McMindfulness'. Het is dus belangrijk om kritisch te blijven en een genuanceerde visie te ontwikkelen met betrekking tot het nut van mindfulness voor zowel leidinggevenden
als hun organisaties. In dit artikel maken we een systematisch overzicht van het onderzoek rond leider mindfulness en bekijken we de mogelijke werkingsmechanismen van leider mindfulness, waarna we ook kritische bedenkingen formuleren en praktische adviezen geven omtrent het toepassen van mindfulness
in organisaties.Mindfulness has become a hype. Research and the popular press have been increasingly reporting on the benefits of a mindfulness practice on the work floor. The question still remains whether mindfulness interventions are a worthwhile investment for leaders in organizations. In this article we describe the ‘state of the art’ regarding mindful leadership and what we know with regards to leader mindfulness and its effect on both leaders and employees. We show that mindfulness may diminish stress and enhance self-regulation, information processing, decision making and communication with employees. However, the whole story is not uncritically positive: we elaborate on improvements that can be made in research methods, as well as on how mindfulness may be ineffectively or wrongfully used in organizations. We conclude with some practical advice for organizations.
Small-Scale Farmers’ Decision-Making for Crop Selection and Production Practices in Northern Haiti
Authors: Zelaya Priscilla , Harder Amy , Roberts T. Grady
Published: March 2019

Decision-making is an essential aspect of farming. The decisions farmers make affect their overall yield and, ultimately, impact their livelihoods. Understanding the different factors impacting farmer decision-making can provide insight for extension providers to improve the quality of service. In Haiti, the vast majority of farms are smallholder farms averaging less than 1.5 hectares (Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Rural Development [MARNDR], 2010). The purpose of this study was to determine the decision-making practices of small-scale farmers in Northern Haiti related to crop production. The following research objectives guided
the study: (a) identify the factors associated with crop selection, and (b) identify reasons farmers engage in specific practices for crop production. Results from this study found that small-scale farmers in the North Department reported using the following factors to determine crop selection: financial security, familial traditions, concern for family, and availability of financial resources. When determining practices for crop production, farmers relied on the following drivers: financial limitations and previous learning experiences. Recommendations include increasing the availability of resources to the farmers in this region in order to create a solid foundation for behavior adoption and increased farmer capabilities.
Building Social Capital and Leadership Skills for Sustainable Farmer Associations in Morocco
Authors: Rasmussen Catherine M. , Pardello Renee M. , Vreyens John R. , Chazdon Scott , Teng Somongkol , Liepold Michael
Published: March 2019

Agricultural development in Morocco relies on the economic strength of the country’s rural regions. Recently, government programs have focused special attention on actions encouraging farmer associations and strengthening value-chains for agricultural commodities. Small rural producers, however, lack the leadership skills and strategic planning capabilities to accomplish this initiative. The Morocco Rural Leadership Program connects University of Minnesota Extension staff with faculty at the National School of Agriculture, Meknès (ENA) in Morocco to co-design and teach a leadership cohort program for farmers. Its intent is to build social capital for sustainable value-chain development. Program evaluation revealed that the program not only increased leadership capacity but also grew farmers’ social capital and led to behavioral and procedural change in farmer associations.
Evaluation of an International Entrepreneur Exchange Program: Impacts, Lessons Learned, and Implications for Agricultural Development
Authors: Jayaratne K. S. U. , Taylor Lisa K. , Edwards M. Craig , Sitton Shelly , Cartmell II D. Dwayne , Watters Craig E. , Henneberry Shida R.
Published: March 2019

This study evaluated a two-way, visitor exchange project for entrepreneurship development between three African countries and the United States. The study’s purpose was to determine outcomes, understand lessons learned, and derive implications for international agricultural development. Findings of the study confirm visiting African Entrepreneur Fellows (AEFs) developed entrepreneurial knowledge, gained business skills, and acquired positive attitudes toward U.S. business and culture. The majority of AEFs had applied acquired knowledge and skills to improve their businesses and promoted open economic ideals, business
ethics, and human rights in their businesses. As a result, AEFs were able to expand their business into new ventures, improve customer services, establish communication networks, and serve their communities. Visitor exchange, entrepreneurship-building programs are effective strategies in contributing to development efforts in developing countries. Paying due attention to the selection and matching of U.S. mentors with the business interests and learning needs of international fellows is necessary to ensure their learning expectations are met. It is important to assign international participants with suitable mentors for longer periods of time to increase the likelihood of receiving more in-depth learning experiences and develop lasting professional relationships to further collaboration. Realization of the potential of entrepreneurship-focused,
visitor exchange programs between nations as a strategy for international agricultural development is the major implication of this study.
Empowering youth and communities through 4-H School Gardening Programs: Results of focus groups in Burundi, Africa
Authors: Deen Mary Katherine , Scanga Lauren Hrncirik , Wright Kevin , Berahino Charles
Published: March 2019

The quality of education and training children receive today will significantly impact their development into adulthood and their impact on society (Kibwiki & Semana, 2001). Burundi, Africa is the second poorest country in the world and has a turbulent history laced with economic, political, and cultural challenges (Headrick, 2016). With more than half the population under the age of 18, educating the youth of Burundi is paramount to bringing about change in the country. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the needs of
primary school teachers, administrators, afterschool program educators and their students; and to determine if a 4-H Youth Development school gardening program was a viable methodology to meet their needs. The desire of local partners to empower Burundian youth and the fact that empowerment is a fundamental principle of the 4-H methodology led to the selection of Empowerment Theory as the conceptual framework for this study. A needs assessment using focus groups was conducted with 34 primary school teachers, administrators, and afterschool staff in two rural communities in Burundi. Findings indicated that poverty and hunger were the primary barriers to quality education and climbing out of poverty. School educators also
reported a need for professional development to better provide quality education for youth. Based on the outcomes of the focus groups, the researchers recommend that the 4-H Youth Development school gardening program is implemented in rural Burundi using Empowerment Theory as a framework to address the needs of educators and youth.
Building Evaluation Capacity within an Agricultural NGO using SWOT Analysis
Authors: Kelsey Kathleen D.
Published: March 2019

Evaluation capacity building (ECB) aims to create a learning organization committed to increasing evaluation knowledge and skills among employees (Fitzpatrick, Sanders, & Worthen, 2011). ECB framework was used to determine the scope of monitoring and evaluation activities within an international agricultural non-governmental organization (NGO) using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analyses (SWOT). The objectives were to analyze current practices, capacity for evaluation activity at the project and organizational level, and propose a model for building evaluation capacity within the NGO. Existing documents and artifacts were content analyzed (Krippendorff, 2004) and 44 NGO employees, donor agency representatives, and similar NGO representatives were interviewed regarding their evaluation practices. Results indicated that project-level evaluation staff had sufficient training and expertise to conduct evaluation within the scope of their projects (strength). However, ECB and organizational learning from evaluation efforts were not institutionalized (weakness). The NGO lacked evaluation expertise and leadership at headquarters level due to staff attrition and lacked technology to capture data for aggregation purposes to report on progress made toward mission between projects and over time (threat). Opportunities included promoting an Evaluation Specialist to lead efforts by recruiting from within the NGO and advancing the individual’s knowledge and skills through pursuit of a doctoral degree in evaluation. The NGO is advised to adopt a knowledge management system to capture and aggregate data between projects and over time to communicate better overall mission accomplishments to stakeholders and donors.
Filling in the Gap: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences of Agricultural Change Agents in Northern Haiti
Authors: Zelaya Priscilla , Harder Amy , Roberts T. Grady
Published: March 2019

In order to better understand the lived experiences of change agents in the North Department of Haiti, a hermeneutical phenomenological study was conducted. Change agents must work against a variety of barriers in order to help influence change within their spheres of influence in rural Haiti. The change agent experience in this study is collaborative, mutually benefitting, deeply cultural, and built out of necessity. Change agents in this study have found that by working together, they are able to fill in the gaps left by unequal distributions of resources within their communities such as tools, money, advisory services, or even basic agricultural knowledge. Despite holes within the agricultural support services in their areas, the change agents have mobilized community members to work together to move their communities forward. Understanding the lived experiences of change agents will help inform ongoing and future agricultural development efforts in the North Department of Haiti.
Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Change: Employing the Livelihood Vulnerability Index in Bluefields, Jamaica
Authors: Fath Kevin Lee , Koswatta Taniya Jayani , Wingenbach Gary
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine agricultural livelihood vulnerability to climate change in Bluefields, Westmoreland, Jamaica based on the Livelihoods Vulnerability Index (LVI). Random sampling was used to select participants. Personal interviews were conducted with farmers using an instrument consisting of LVI components representing livelihood strategies, natural and physical assets, socio-demographic profile, social networks, water issues, food issues, natural disasters, and climate variability. LVI data were aggregated using an indexing approach to create scores for comparison across vulnerability components. The results
showed farmers in Bluefields had the most amount of vulnerability in social networks and water issues. Low numbers of farmers owned their land, had contact with extension services, or used irrigation. Most farmers reported having problems with access to seeds and planting material, depended on their farms for food, and experienced frequent crop failure. Development organizations and local change agents should target the areas of greatest vulnerability illuminated by this study. Vulnerability and its contributing factors of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, should be reassessed with the LVI and other methods to monitor changes in Bluefields over time. Implications for extension educators to assist subsistence farmers in understanding better the effects of climate change are noted.