bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medizinische Rehabilitation nach COVID-19-Infektion: Determinanten
für die Genesung und die Entwicklung der Fatigue
Authors: Neudecker Stefanie , Meier Isabel , Stucke Jana , Meyer-Feil Thorsten
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die gesundheitlichen
Veränderungen während der medizinischen Rehabilitation nach COVID-19 und
potenzielle Determinanten für die Fatigue und ihre Genesung darzustellen.

Materialien und Methoden Wir berichten quantitative Daten der
Kohortenstudie einer multizentrischen Mixed-Methods-Studie. Rehabilitand*innen
wurden zu 5 Zeitpunkten zu ihrer Gesundheit und Funktionsfähigkeit befragt und
um ihre Zustimmung zur Analyse ihrer Klinikdaten gebeten. Vorliegend wurden die
ersten zwei Messzeitpunkte analysiert: Mittels t-Tests und Effektstärken (Cohens
d) erfolgte ein Vergleich zwischen Aufnahme (t0) und Entlassung
(t1). In einer multiplen linearen Regression wurden mögliche
Prädiktoren für die Fatigue und ihren Verlauf überprüft.

ErgebnisseFür 267 Rehabilitand*innen lagen Daten für t0 und
t1 sowie Klinikdaten vor. Wir fanden Verbesserungen in allen
Dimensionen (Dyspnoe, motorische Funktionsfähigkeit, Depressivität,
Ängstlichkeit,Lebensqualität und Erwerbsprognose) zum Ende der Rehabilitation.
Ein höherer motorischer Funktionsstatus, höhere Lebensqualität, höheres Alter,
geringere Depressivität und das männliche Geschlecht sind mit einer geringeren,
eine schlechtere Erwerbsprognose mit einer höheren Erschöpfung bei t0
assoziiert. Bei t1 sind eine höhere Lebensqualität und motorische
Leistungsfähigkeit mit einer geringeren Fatigue verbunden. Personen mit einer
schlechteren Erwerbsprognose bei t0 haben eine stärkere Fatigue bei
t1.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Fatigue hat eine hohe Relevanz in der
Post-COVID-Versorgung. Nur wenige untersuchte Faktoren zeigen während der
medizinischen Rehabilitation einen statistischen Zusammenhang mit der Fatigue.
Vermutlich existieren unentdeckte Prädiktoren, die weiter untersucht werden
sollten, um die rehabilitative Versorgung Post-COVID-Betroffenen zu
optimieren.
Trends in the Mortality and Death of Periviable Preterm Infants in the United States, 2011 to 2020
Authors: Patel Jenil , Oluwafemi Omobola , Tang Tiffany , Sunny Angel , Parmar Narendrasinh , Doshi Harshit , Bhatt Parth , Donda Keyur , Messiah Sarah E. , Dapaah-Siakwan Fredrick
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aimed to examine the trends in the infant mortality rate (IMR) and the trends in the timing of death among periviable preterm infants at 22 to 24 weeks' gestational age (GA) in the United States from 2011 to 2020.

Study Design Retrospective, serial cross-sectional analysis of periviable preterm infants born in the United States at 22 to 24 weeks' GA using the linked birth/infant death records from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data were analyzed from 2011 to 2020. The exposure was the year of death, and the outcome was the changes over time in the IMR and the timing of death. Further, we evaluated racial differences in the timing of death. We used nonparametric trend analysis to evaluate changes in mortality rate across the study period.

Results The IMR was inversely related to GA, and for each GA and race/ethnicity, the IMR significantly declined during the study period. The IMR rate was highest in the first 7 days of life for all GAs and races/ethnicities. While Non-Hispanic White infants had a higher infant neonatal mortality rate than non-Hispanic Black infants, non-Hispanic Black infants had a higher postneonatal mortality rate.

Conclusion The IMR among periviable infants born at 22 to 24 weeks' GA improved for all GAs and races in the United States between 2011 and 2020. However, significant racial differences in the timing of death exist.

Key Points
Telemedizin bei psychischen Erkrankungen: Vorstellung und erste
Ergebnisse eines telefonbasierten Betreuungsansatzes
Authors: Bornemann Georg
Published: November 2024

Ziel der Studie Ein bereits in die Regelversorgung einer privaten
Krankenversicherung implementiertes und telefonbasiertes Gesundheitsprogramm für
Menschen mit depressiven und Angststörungen sowie Stressbelastung soll als
Betreuungsansatz ebenso wie erste Evaluationsergebnisse vorgestellt werden.

Methodik Grundlage des Programmes ist eine mehrmonatige telefonische
Betreuung durch medizinisches Fachpersonal. Schwerpunkte sind die Vermittlung
psychoedukativer Inhalte und verhaltenstherapeutischer Techniken inkl.
bedarfsgerechter Gewährleistung entlastender Gespräche. Im Programm wurde als
Fragebogen die deutsche Version des DASS 21 eingesetzt, der Belastung in den
Dimensionen Depression, Angst und Stress sowie eine psychische Gesamtbelastung
detektiert. Vorgestellt werden die demografischen Daten sowie die in diesem
Rahmen gewonnenen Fragebogenergebnisse aller TN aus den ersten elf Monaten des
Programmes, welche zu zwei Zeitpunkten Fragebögen ausgefüllt hatten. Die
Veränderungen der DASS 21-(Unter-)Scores nach fünf Monaten im Coaching wurden
als primäre Endpunkte festgesetzt. Die Berechnungsgrundlage stellte der t-Test
für abhängige Stichproben (Signifikanzniveau α=0,05) dar.

Ergebnisse Für 86 von 199 TN lagen zwei ausgefüllte Fragebögen vor (43,2
%). Die Population war im Durchschnitt 49,5 Jahre alt und überwiegend weiblich
(61,6 %). Durchschnittlich erstreckte sich ein Coaching über 170 (SD=58) Tage,
5,6 (1,9) Telefonate und 200 (81) Gesprächsminuten. Zu Beginn des Programmes
zeigten sich erhöhte Werte in allen Fragebogenkategorien (Depression: 7,13
[4,99]; Angst: 4,49 [4,07]; Stress: 9,85 [4,16]; Gesamt: 21,47 [11,54]). Nach
fünf Monaten konnte eine Reduktion der jeweiligen Belastungen gemessen werden
(Depression: − 2,14 [3,99], Cohen’s d=0,54; Angst: − 1,65 [3,36], d=0,49;
Stress: − 2,24 [4,81], d=0,47; Gesamt: − 6,03 [10,70]; d=0,56; p jeweils <
0,001). Aufgeschlüsselt nach Belastungsstärke zu Betreuungsbeginn zeigte sich in
einigen Unterkategorien eine mit zunehmendem Schweregrad betragsmäßig
vergrößerte Score-Reduktion bei mittleren bis großen Effektstärken.

Schlussfolgerung Das beschriebene Telefonprogramm ist als begleitender
Ansatz bei psychischen Erkrankungen vielversprechend praktikabel. Die
dargestellten Ergebnisse lassen wegen des quasi Prä-Post-Studiendesign keine
finale Aussage über eine Wirksamkeit des Programmes zu. Jedoch empfiehlt sich
auf Grundlage der gezeigten signifikanten Verbesserungen der psychischen
Belastung im Verlauf, inklusive relevanter Effektstärken, eine weitere
Evaluation dieses Settings unter kontrollierten Bedingungen.
A Classification System of Asian Noses for Rhinoplasty
Authors: Ng Chew Lip
Published: November 2024

While Asian noses are generalized as having smaller bones and softer cartilages, thicker skin and soft tissue envelop (SSTE), there exists a diversity of morphology amongst Asian noses. The oversimplification of Asian noses diminishes the validity or generalizability of rhinoplasty research findings and makes comparison of outcomes challenging. A classification system is proposed that reflects the different structures and SSTEs of the nasal subtypes, the techniques required in the management of each of the subtypes, the challenges the surgeon will face intra- and postoperatively, allows for preoperative counselling of expected outcomes, and facilitate valid and fair comparison of study outcomes by comparing like for like. The classification system stratifies noses into four subtypes based on (1) the size and strength of the nasal bone and cartilages, and (2) the thickness of the SSTE. Type I noses have thinner SSTE and stronger structure. Type II noses have thinner SSTE and weaker structure. Type III noses have thicker SSTE and stronger structure. Type IV noses have thicker SSTE and weaker structure. Interrater variability in classifying noses among rhinoplasty surgeons was found to be very high with a kappa coefficient of 0.933 (95% confidence interval: 0.852–1.014; variance 0.013).
Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling
Authors: Picazo Elias , Semenya Julius , Yang Yuanjie
Published: November 2024

Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have transformed molecular synthesis. Although metal-catalyzed reactions have been used for cross-electrophile coupling reactions, they remain challenging due to homodimer formation. Recently, our group developed an iron-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of benzyl halides and disulfides to produce thioethers without the use of an exogenous reductant or photoredox conditions, and with undetectable levels of elimination. This Synpacts article highlights both our design strategy to obviate detrimental homodimer formation and the generality of the method.

1 Introduction

2 Conceptualization and Development

3 Mechanistic Studies and Hypothesis

4 Conclusion and Future Directions
Examining an Explicit Phonological Awareness Intervention: The Impact on First Sound Fluency in Young Children
Authors: Walsh Mary , Farquharson Kelly , Lombardino Linda
Published: November 2024

The authors evaluated the ability of typically developing preschool children to acquire the phonemic awareness skill of first sound fluency (FSF) when trained through an explicit modeling treatment paradigm. Three preschool children participated in a single-case A-B-A research design in which the independent variable was shared book reading between professional and child with embedded modeling of first sounds in words and the dependent variable was the participants' ability to produce first sounds in words in response to the professional's auditory probes. A baseline phase included sessions without intervention. An intervention phase followed with sessions of explicit modeling of first sounds with hierarchal cueing and a follow-up phase. All three participants demonstrated immediate behavior change in an accelerating trend direction for FSF performance which was achieved after five sessions. However, the children's accuracy in producing first sounds in words was not maintained at levels expected for any of the participants. Suggestions are provided for how this strategy can be used and adapted by clinicians and educators to prepare preschool children for phonologically based emergent literacy skills needed to succeed in kindergarten.
Asymptotic behaviors of Hausdorff dimensions of radial Julia sets of exponential and cosine functions
Authors: Wang Lingrui , Qiu Weiyuan
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we obtained a four terms asymptotic formula of the Hausdorff dimension of the radial Julia set Jr(fλ) for the exponential function fλ(z) = λez as λ → 0. Moreover, we also discussed the asymptotic behavior of the Hausdorff dimension of the radial Julia set of cosine functions fa,b(z) = aez + be−z as a, b → 0 in various ways.
Statistics of drops generated from ensembles of randomly corrugated ligaments
Authors: Pal Sagar , Pairetti César , Crialesi-Esposito Marco , Fuster Daniel , Zaleski Stéphane
Published: November 2024

The size of drops generated by the capillary-driven disintegration of liquid ligaments plays a fundamental role in several important natural phenomena, ranging from heat and mass transfer at the ocean-atmosphere interface to pathogen transmission. The inherent nonlinearity of the equations governing the ligament destabilization leads to significant differences in the resulting drop sizes, owing to small fluctuations in the myriad initial conditions. Previous experiments and simulations reveal a variety of drop size distributions, corresponding to competing underlying physical interpretations. Here, we perform numerical simulations of individual ligaments, the deterministic breakup of which is triggered by random initial surface corrugations. The simulations are grouped in a large ensemble, each corresponding to a random initial configuration. The resulting probability distributions reveal three stable drop sizes, generated via a sequence of two distinct stages of breakup. Four different distributions are tested, volume-based Poisson, Gaussian, Gamma, and Log-Normal. Depending on the time, range of droplet sizes and criteria for success, each distribution has successes and failures. However, the Log-Normal distribution roughly describes the data when fitting both the primary peak and the tail of the distribution while the number of droplets generated is the highest, while the Gamma and Log-Normal distributions perform equally well when fitting the tail. The study demonstrates a precisely controllable and reproducible framework, which can be employed to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the polydispersity of drop sizes found in complex fluid fragmentation scenarios.
Open quantum dynamics with variational non-Gaussian states and the truncated Wigner approximation
Authors: Bond Liam J. , Gerritsen Bas , Minář Jiří , Young Jeremy T. , Schachenmayer Johannes , Safavi-Naini Arghavan
Published: November 2024

We present a framework for simulating the open dynamics of spin–boson systems by combining variational non-Gaussian states with a quantum trajectories approach. We apply this method to a generic spin–boson Hamiltonian that has both Tavis–Cummings and Holstein type couplings and which has broad applications to a variety of quantum simulation platforms, polaritonic physics, and quantum chemistry. Additionally, we discuss how the recently developed truncated Wigner approximation for open quantum systems can be applied to the same Hamiltonian. We benchmark the performance of both methods and identify the regimes where each method is best suited. Finally, we discuss strategies to improve each technique.
Nonlinear conductivity of aqueous electrolytes: Beyond the first Wien effect
Authors: Berthoumieux Hélène , Démery Vincent , Maggs Anthony C.
Published: November 2024

The conductivity of strong electrolytes increases under high electric fields, a nonlinear response known as the first Wien effect. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that this increase is almost suppressed in moderately concentrated aqueous electrolytes due to the alignment of the water molecules by the electric field. As a consequence of this alignment, the permittivity of water decreases and becomes anisotropic, an effect that can be measured in simulations and reproduced by a model of water molecules as dipoles. We incorporate the resulting anisotropic interactions between the ions into a stochastic density field theory and calculate ionic correlations as well as corrections to the Nernst–Einstein conductivity, which are in qualitative agreement with the numerical simulations.
Compaction and clustering of a heterogeneous polymer by biomolecular crowding
Authors: Sadeghi Amir , Hyeon Changbong , Jung Youngkyun , Ha Bae-Yeun
Published: November 2024

Inspired by bacterial chromosome organization, we study the compaction and clustering of a heterogeneous ring polymer in a crowded medium using molecular dynamics simulations. The polymer consists of several large monomers interspersed along the backbone and small intervening monomers. In a crowded medium, the entropy of crowding particles or crowders favors the collapse of chain molecules, such as chromosomes. Our study shows that the compaction transition of heterogeneous polymers by crowders is well-correlated with the clustering of large monomers: when the large monomers are sufficiently large, both occur concomitantly in the same narrow (biologically relevant) range of the volume fraction of crowders. It also indicates that cylindrical confinement makes crowding effects more effective. The results presented here suggest that phase separation and clustering are essential features of bacterial chromosome organization.
Contribution of piezoelectric effect on piezo-phototronic coupling in ferroelectrics: A theory assisted experimental approach on NBT
Authors: Samantaray Koyal Suman , Kumar Sourabh , P Maneesha , Sasmal Dilip , Baral Suresh Chandra , Krupa B. R. Vaishnavi , Dasgupta Arup , Mekki A. , Harrabi K. , Sen Somaditya
Published: November 2024

A new study explores the distinct roles of spontaneous polarization and piezoelectric polarization in piezo-phototronic coupling. This investigation focuses on differences in photocatalytic and piezo-photocatalytic performance using sodium bismuth titanate, a key ferroelectric material. The research aims to identify which type of polarization has a greater influence on piezo-phototronic effects. A theoretical assessment complements the experimental findings, providing additional insights. This study explores the enhanced piezo-phototronic performance of electrospun nanofibers compared to sol-gel particles under different illumination conditions (11 W UV, 250 W UV, and natural sunlight). Electrospun nanofibers exhibited a rate constant (k) improvement of 2.5 to 3.75 times, whereas sol-gel particles showed only 1.3 to 1.4 times higher performance when ultrasonication was added to photocatalysis. Analysis using first-principle methods revealed that nanofibers had an elastic modulus (C33) about 2.15 times lower than sol-gel particles, indicating greater flexibility. The elongation of the lattice along the z axis in the case of nanofibers reduced the covalency in the Bi–O and Ti–O bonds. These structural differences reduced spontaneous polarization and piezoelectric stress coefficients (e31 and e33). Despite having lower piezoelectric stress coefficients, higher flexibility in nanofibers led to a higher piezoelectric strain coefficient, 2.66 and 1.97 times greater than sol-gel particles, respectively. This improved the piezo-phototronic coupling for nanofibers.
Photodesorption of CO ices: Rotational and translational energy distributions
Authors: Hacquard Antoine B. , Basalgète Romain , Del Fré Samuel , Rakovský Jozef , Rivero Santamaria Alenjandro , Benoit Ferdinand , Michaut Xavier , Féraud Géraldine , Bertin Mathieu , Monnerville Maurice , Fillion Jean-Hugues
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the translational and rovibrational energy of vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) photodesorbed CO molecules from a CO polycrystalline ice (15 K) at ∼8 eV. The electronic excitation was produced by a pulsed VUV laser, and the photodesorption of CO molecules in their ground and first vibrational states was observed using resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization. Time-of-flight and rotationally resolved spectra were measured, and the kinetic and internal energy distribution were obtained. Vibrationally cold CO molecules were observed, with little energy in rotation and translation (≤300 meV). Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulations focusing on the description of the vibrational energy redistribution within an aggregate of 50 CO molecules were performed. The measured energy distributions are in very good agreement with those predicted by AIMD simulations. The rotational energy was found to slightly increase with translational energy, a trend also predicted by theory. This confirms the validity of the indirect desorption mechanism triggered by the excitation of CO in a high vibrational state.
Effects of electric and magnetic fields in magnetic mixing in electroosmotic flows
Authors: Dallakehnejad Morteza , Hassanzadeh Afrouzi Hamid , Seyyedi Seyyed Mostafa , Salehi Fatemeh , Mehrizi Abbasali Abouei
Published: November 2024

In this paper, mixing efficiency in electroosmotic flow is numerically simulated at the electric double layer region in the presence of a magnetic field. An incompressible and laminar model is adopted to numerically solve the governing equations involving the magnetic field, electric potential fields, concentration distribution for positive and negative ions (Nernst–Planck), and species concentration. To validate the numerical study, an ideal electroosmotic flow with charged walls is simulated and the results are compared with the analytical solution. For the case with a Reynolds number of 0.02, microchannel length of 40 μm, the results show that by applying a magnetic field, the mixing efficiency along the microchannel length increases from 60.5% to 79.67%. It is found that the existence of a magnetic field in the electric double layer has a significant impact on pressure distribution along the microchannel wall, however, its effects on the electric fields (internal and external), the distribution of positive and negative ions, and the net electrical charge density are marginal. In addition, the presence of magnetic field creates two relatively large vortices inside the microchannel. The outcomes of the present study will help to improve mixing efficiency in micro-devices with applications in micro-analysis systems and lab-on-a-chip instruments.
Numerical simulation and mechanistic model study of gas pocket distribution characteristics in a centrifugal impeller
Authors: Su Xiaobin , Xu Qiang , Yang Chenyu , Dai Xiaoyu , Guo Liejin
Published: November 2024

The formation and extension of the gas pocket in the impeller can lead to the rapid deterioration or even failure of the centrifugal pump's two-phase pressurization. It is difficult to directly measure the characteristic parameters of the gas pocket in the high-speed rotating impeller, such as the void fraction, by experimental methods. In this paper, the two-phase performance of the centrifugal pump is studied by numerical simulation and validated by the experiment. The positive pressure gradient at the end of the blade pressure surface is the main reason why the centrifugal pump can boost at high inlet gas volume fraction (IGVF). As the IGVF increases, both the length and thickness of the gas pocket gradually increase. The head coefficient of the pump has an approximately quadratic relationship with the void fraction in the impeller. The mechanism model of the gas pocket flow is established by the force analysis of the gas pocket and its downstream single bubble in the impeller channel. The model can effectively predict the extension position of the gas pocket and the void fraction in the centrifugal impeller and is validated by numerical simulation.
Cluster perturbation theory. X. A parallel implementation of Lagrangian perturbation series for the coupled cluster singles and doubles ground-state energy through fifth order
Authors: Hillers-Bendtsen Andreas Erbs , Kjeldal Frederik Ørsted , Høyer Nicolai Machholdt , Johansen Magnus Bukhave , Juncker von Buchwald Theo , Iuel Lunøe Dünweber Phillip Gustav , Olsen Lars Henrik , Jensen Frank , Olsen Jeppe , Jørgensen Poul , Mikkelsen Kurt V.
Published: November 2024

We describe an efficient implementation of cluster perturbation and Møller–Plesset Lagrangian energy series through the fifth order that targets the coupled cluster singles and doubles energy utilizing the resolution of the identity approximation. We illustrate the computational performance of the implementation by performing ground state energy calculations on systems with up to 1200 basis functions using a single node and by comparison to conventional coupled cluster singles and doubles calculations. We further show that our hybrid message passing interface/open multiprocessing parallel implementation that also utilizes graphical processing units can be used to obtain fifth order energies on systems with almost 1200 basis functions with a 90 min “time to solution” running on Frontier at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Link between permanent shear-banding and local concentration fluctuations in suspensions of compressible microgels
Authors: Bassu Gavino , Houston Judith E. , Lara-Peña Mayra A. , Kriegs Hartmut , Lettinga Minne Paul , Porcar Lionel , Scotti Andrea , Laurati Marco
Published: November 2024

We uncover the occurrence of shear banding in dense suspensions of compressible microgels. Velocimetry measurements evidence the presence of permanent but unsteady shear-banding for sufficiently small Peclet numbers, with the formation of a central plug-like flow. Small-angle neutron scattering experiments under shear link the observed banding phenomenon to structural variations along the velocity gradient, providing a connection between the arrested band and the increase in structural correlations associated with changes in the local packing fraction. This provides unique evidence of a shear–concentration coupling mechanism in jammed suspensions of compressible particles.
Forces and grain–grain contacts in bidisperse beds sheared by viscous fluids
Authors: Gonzalez Jaime O. , Franklin Erick M.
Published: November 2024

In a recent paper [Gonzalez et al., “Bidisperse beds sheared by viscous fluids: Grain segregation and bed hardening,” Phys. Fluids 35, 103326 (2023)], we investigated the motion of grains within a granular bed sheared by a viscous fluid and showed how segregation and hardening occur in the fluid- (bedload) and solid-like (creep) regions. In this paper, we inquire further into the mechanisms leading to grain segregation in a bidisperse bed, and how the forces are distributed. For that, we carried out numerical simulations at the grain scale by using computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method, with which we were able to track the positions, velocities, forces, and solid contacts underwent by each grain. We show that during the upward motion of large grains the direct action of fluid forces is significant in the middle and upper parts of the bedload layer, while only contact forces are significant in the creep layer and lower part of the bedload layer. We also show that in all cases the particles experience a moment about a −45° contact point (with respect to the horizontal plane) when migrating upward, whether entrained by other contacts or directly by the fluid. In addition, we show the variations in the average solid–solid contacts, and how forces caused either by solid–solid contacts or directly by the fluid are distributed within the bed. Our results provide the relationship between force propagation and reorganization of grains in sheared beds, explaining mechanisms found, for example, in river beds and landslides.
Higher order method based on the coupling of local discontinuous Galerkin method with multistep implicit-explicit time-marching for the micropolar Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Liu Demin
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the spatial local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) approximation coupled with the temporal multistep implicit-explicit (IMEX) evolution for the micropolar Navier–Stokes equations (MNSE) is adopted to construct an efficient fully discrete method. First, the multistep IMEX-LDG methods are constructed up to the third order, which have small computational scale and facilitate implementation to higher orders. Second, the unconditional stability of the fully discrete method on Cartesian grids is derived theoretically, meaning that the temporal step size τ is upper bounded by a positive constant independent of the spatial mesh size h. Last, numerical results for nonlinear MNSE with different boundary conditions are presented, confirming the theoretical validity and effectiveness of the method.
Fast prediction of compressor flow field based on a deep attention symmetrical neural network
Authors: Wu Yueteng , Ba Dun , Du Juan , Zhang Min , Fan Zhonggang , Xu Xiaobin
Published: November 2024

Accurate and rapid prediction of compressor performance and key flow characteristics is critical for digital design, digital twin modeling, and virtual–real interaction. However, the traditional methods of obtaining flow field parameters by solving the Navier–Stokes equations are computationally intensive and time-consuming. To establish a digital twin model of the flow field in a transonic three-stage axial compressor, this study proposes a novel data-driven deep attention symmetric neural network for fast reconstruction of the flow field at different blade rows and spanwise positions. The network integrates a vision transformer (ViT) and a symmetric convolutional neural network (SCNN). The ViT extracts geometric features from the blade passages. The SCNN is used for deeper extraction of input features such as boundary conditions and flow coordinates, enabling precise flow field predictions. Results indicate that the trained model can efficiently and accurately reconstruct the internal flow field of the compressor in 0.5 s, capturing phenomena such as flow separation and wake. Compared with traditional numerical simulations, the current model offers significant advantages in computational speed, delivering a three-order magnitude speedup compared to computational fluid dynamics simulations. It shows strong potential for engineering applications and provides robust support for building digital twin models in turbomachinery flow fields.
Modification of pore structure of coal under hot steam injection as revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Li He , Chu Minghao , Liu Huihui , Hong Yidu , Zou Quanle , Lu Jiexin , Mou Junhui
Published: November 2024

Heat injection provides a feasible approach for the extremely efficient extraction of coalbed gas. Injecting hot steam can effectively improve the pore structure of coal and increase the permeability of coal. To observe the changes in the pore structure of coal during hot steam injection, low magnetic field nuclear magnetic resonance technology is used to study the variations in the pore structure of coal under different heat injection durations. The results show that hot steam can promote the formation, growth, and expansion of coal pore fissures, thereby enhancing the gas permeability of the coal seam. At the same time, the analysis of relevant nuclear magnetic parameters indicates that when the heat injection duration is 15 minutes, hot steam has the best effect on coal modification. In the early stage of hot steam injection, hot steam stimulates the development of the porous structure. In the middle stage, some pore structures collapse and get blocked due to local thermal stress. In the late stage of hot steam injection, hot steam accelerates the conversion of micropore and mesopore structures into macropore or fissure structures, and hot steam has a significant modification effect on coal.
Evolution of morphology and electrical properties under controlled flow in polypropylene/polystyrene co-continuous blends containing interfacially localized carbonaceous nanoparticles
Authors: Strugova Daria , Essadouky Hind , Helal Emna , Gutierrez Giovanna , Moghimian Nima , David Éric , Demarquette Nicole R.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the evolution of morphology and electrical properties of polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) blend nanocomposites under controlled steady shear flow. These nanocomposites contain either few-layer graphene (FLG) or a mixture of FLG and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), prepared via a conventional melt-mixing. Composites were created by premixing FLG or FLG/MWCNT with either PP [PP/PS/FLG or PP/PS/(FLG+MWCNT)] or PS [PS/PP/FLG or PS/PP/(FLG+MWCNT)] at a PP/PS ratio inducing co-continuous morphology. Results showed a significant reduction in the percolation threshold (PT) for PS/PP/FLG composites, with an 81% decrease compared to PS/FLG. When FLG was premixed with PS, PT required only 2 wt. % FLG, compared to 5.9 wt. % in PP/PS/FLG. Steady shear deformation disrupted the electrical network in both PP/PS/FLG and PS/PP/FLG composites. However, the PS/PP/FLG composites exhibited greater stability in electrical conductivity at lower FLG concentrations (above 3 wt. %) compared to the PP/PS/FLG composites (above 6 wt. %). The applied shear did not affect the co-continuous morphology of the blend-based composites containing 1 wt. % or more of FLG. Additionally, the synergistic effects of the hybrid FLG/MWCNT mixture on the electrical conductivity and rheological properties of both PP/PS/(FLG+MWCNT) and PS/PP/(FLG+MWCNT) composites were evaluated. The incorporation of MWCNT into both PP/PS/FLG and PS/PP/FLG composites significantly enhanced the formation of a hybrid electrical network structure, leading to a further reduction in the percolation threshold concentration of FLG. Specifically, in PP/PS/FLG composites, PT decreased from 5.9  to 1–3 wt. % of FLG, while in PS/PP/FLG composites, PT dropped from 2 to 1 wt. % of FLG.
Active Brownian motion of emulsion droplets driven by nanoscale effects under laser irradiation
Authors: Kononov E. A. , Senoshenko R. V. , Vasiliev M. M. , Petrov O. F.
Published: November 2024

This work presented the results of an experimental study of dynamics of emulsion complex composition droplets under laser irradiation. The oil-in-water emulsion consisted of liquid paraffin droplets containing magnetite nanoparticles and was placed in an aqueous solution of the surfactant. The magnetite nanoparticles had characteristic dimensions of 10−8 m, which correspond to the dimensions of molecular motors in living cells. For all emulsion droplets, motion in transitional and normal diffusive modes was observed. The effective kinetic temperature of emulsion droplets was 3.5 × 103 eV and was exceeded the temperature of thermal motion of the medium molecules, 0.03 eV. Experimentally observed active Brownian motion of emulsion droplets was a result of intra-droplet motion of magnetite nanoparticles absorbing laser irradiation. Laser irradiation caused the magnetite nanoparticle heating, which generated a thermophoretic force. As a result of viscous friction forces, the nanoparticles transferred momentum to the emulsion droplet, causing its motion.
The dichotomous roles of microbial-modified bile acids 7-oxo-DCA and isoDCA in intestinal tumorigenesis
Authors: Dong Xingchen , Sun Fei , Secaira-Morocho Henry , Hui Alisa , Wang Ke , Cai Chunmiao , Udgata Shirsa , Low Brian , Wei Songlin , Chen Xinyi , Qi Ming , Pasch Cheri A. , Xu Wei , Jiang Jiaoyang , Zhu Qiyun , Huan Tao , Deming Dustin A. , Fu Ting
Published: November 2024

The gut microbiota has a significant impact on the development and function of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) by modifying bile acid (BA) metabolites. Recently, specific gut microbiome-derived BAs, such as 7-oxo-deoxycholic acid (7-oxo-DCA) and isodeoxycholic acid (isoDCA), have been identified to be shifted inversely in colitis and hepatic liver diseases. Although the responsible gut microbes have been identified, metabolites’ effects on IECs remain largely unclear. We found that although high-fat diet treatment in mice elevated both 7-oxo-DCA and isoDCA levels, during intestinal tumorigenesis, 7-oxo-DCA levels rise while isoDCA levels decrease. Interestingly, 7-oxo-DCA promotes cancer cell growth, while isoDCA suppresses it. Moreover, 7-oxo-DCA promotes whereas isoDCA inhibits the proliferation of intestinal stem cells in organoids derived from WT and

APC
Min/+

mice, as well as in patient-derived colon cancer organoids. The

APC
Min/+

mice administered with 7-oxo-DCA heightened gut permeability and increased tumor burden, whereas isoDCA protected gut barrier and reduced tumor loads. Both BAs reshape the BA pool and shifted gut microbiome. Mechanistically, we identified 7-oxo-DCA as a natural antagonist of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) to downregulate FXR signaling, as opposed to isoDCA, which is a potent FXR agonist to upregulate FXR signaling. In conclusion, we unveiled the opposing roles of 7-oxo-DCA and isoDCA to promote or inhibit intestinal tumorigenesis, respectively. Manipulating the BA–FXR axis during tumor initiation and progression holds great promise for developing innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Samd7
represses short-wavelength cone genes to preserve long-wavelength cone and rod photoreceptor identity
Authors: Volkov Leo I. , Ogawa Yohey , Somjee Ramiz , Vedder Hannah E. , Powell Hannah E. , Poria Deepak , Meiselman Sam , Kefalov Vladimir J. , Corbo Joseph C.
Published: November 2024

The role of transcription factors in photoreceptor gene regulation is fairly well understood, but knowledge of the cell-type-specific function of transcriptional cofactors remains incomplete. Here, we show that the transcriptional corepressor
samd7
promotes rod differentiation and represses short-wavelength cone genes in long-wavelength cones in zebrafish. In

samd7
−/−

retinas, red cones are transformed into hybrid red/ultraviolet (UV) cones, green cones are absent, the number of blue cones is approximately doubled, and the number of rods is greatly reduced. We also find that mouse
Samd7
represses S-opsin expression in dorsal M-cones—analogous to its role in repressing UV cone genes in zebrafish red cones. Thus,
samd7
plays a key role in ensuring appropriate patterns of gene expression in rods and cone subtypes of both zebrafish and mice.
Ultradeep O-GlcNAc proteomics reveals widespread O-GlcNAcylation on tyrosine residues of proteins
Authors: Hou Chunyan , Deng Jingtao , Wu Ci , Zhang Jing , Byers Stephen , Moremen Kelley W. , Pei Huadong , Ma Junfeng
Published: November 2024

As a unique type of glycosylation, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) on Ser/Thr residues of proteins was discovered 40 y ago. O-GlcNAcylation is catalyzed by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which add and remove O-GlcNAc, respectively. O-GlcNAcylation is an essential glycosylation that regulates the functions of many proteins in virtually all cellular processes. However, deep and site-specific characterization of O-GlcNAcylated proteins remains a challenge. We developed an ultradeep O-GlcNAc proteomics workflow by integrating digestion with multiple proteases, two mass spectrometric approaches (i.e., electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation [EThcD] and HCD product-dependent electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation [HCD-pd-EThcD]), and two data analysis tools (i.e., MaxQuant and Proteome Discoverer). The performance of this strategy was benchmarked by the analysis of whole lysates from PANC-1 (a pancreatic cancer cell line). In total, 2,831 O-GlcNAc sites were unambiguously identified, representing the largest O-GlcNAc dataset of an individual study reported so far. Unexpectedly, in addition to confirming known sites and identifying many other sites of Ser/Thr modification, O-GlcNAcylation was found on 121 tyrosine (Tyr) residues of 93 proteins. In vitro enzymatic assays showed that OGT catalyzes the transfer of O-GlcNAc onto Tyr residues of peptides and OGA catalyzes its removal. Taken together, our work reveals widespread O-GlcNAcylation on Tyr residues of proteins and that Tyr O-GlcNAcylation is mediated by OGT and OGA. As another form of glycosylation, Tyr O-GlcNAcylation is likely to have important regulatory roles.
The limitation of lipidation: Conversion of semaglutide from once-weekly to once-monthly dosing
Authors: Schneider Eric L. , Hangasky John A. , Fernández Rocío del Valle , Ashley Gary W. , Santi Daniel V.
Published: November 2024

The objective of this work was to develop a long-acting form of the lipidated peptide semaglutide that can be administered to humans once-monthly. Semaglutide was attached to hydrogel microspheres by a cleavable linker with an expected in vivo release half-life of about 1 mo. After a single subcutaneous dose, the pharmacokinetic parameters of released semaglutide and bodyweight loss were determined in mice, and results were used to estimate the dosing and pharmacokinetics of the released semaglutide in humans. The in vivo half-life of released semaglutide was ~36 d, and a single dose in diet-induced obese mice resulted in a lean-sparing body weight loss of 20% over 1 mo, statistically the same as semaglutide dosed twice daily. Simulations indicated the microsphere-semaglutide would permit once-monthly administration in humans; moreover, it could maintain the therapeutic minimum concentration (C
min
) of once-weekly semaglutide with only 75% of the once-weekly maximum concentration (C
max
), a feature that could reduce adverse side effects or allow higher dosing. The same approach should enable the conversion of other lipidated peptides from once-weekly to once-monthly administration.
Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) of CLIL pedagogy and globalisation in Japan
Authors: Sasajima Shigeru , Kavanagh Barry
Published: November 2024

The paper discusses the potential of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) pedagogy in the current
practice of ELT (English Language Teaching) and the issues of global education from a viewpoint of DEI (diversity, equity, and
inclusion) in Japan. DEI into CLIL pedagogy ensures a variety of learning environments, appropriate CLIL learning, and a sense of
belonging. CLIL can also provide better ideas and resources to cultivate DEI. This paper therefore argues that CLIL pedagogy has
the potential to change and incorporate issues related to DEI. The Japan CLIL Pedagogy Association (J-CLIL) conducted a
questionnaire survey on CLIL and its sponsored events and activities in 2021. Results show that: (1) many teachers are not aware
of DEI; (2) their mindset can become gradually diverse; (3) current education lacks equity with respect to students; and (4)
inclusive education is still not satisfactory. Ensuring equity in DEI is crucial in the realm of CLIL teacher education.
Therefore, it is imperative for CLIL teacher education to be more attuned to DEI concerns to enhance the implementation of CLIL
practices effectively. The DEI process needs to be integrated into CLIL and globalisation within the Japanese context. For that
purpose, there needs to be more research and practice necessary to promote a CLIL type of languages-integrated learning, and this
paper argues that it can be done through the IMT (Integrated Multifunctional Teacher) development program in Japan.
When multiple route map designs are used by the same bus company
Authors: Yusrina Ilma , Ihara Hisayasu , Sunaga Shoji
Published: November 2024

This paper reports three separate studies. Study 1 consisted of route map observations; study 2 looked at map creator’s perspective, and study 3 considered user research and route map usage. It was observed that the route maps issued by one bus service provider in Fukuoka, Japan, have as many as 24 types of design variations. According to the route map creators, limited resources was the main reason for this practice. Route map usability testing, keyword sorting and interviews were conducted as part of a user-focused research. Map-reading tests revealed several practices that have a negative impact on user’s ability to read route maps, and the user research revealed that users prefer a unified design.
Visible light visual indoor positioning system for based on residual convolutional networks and image restoration
Authors: Chen Duiqiang , Qin Ling , Cui Lizhen , Du Yongxing
Published: November 2024

Visible light positioning (VLP) technology, with its advantages of low cost, strong anti-interference, and high precision, is widely researched and applied in various scenarios. In this paper, for the complexity of indoor environments, considering the problem of occlusion by various obstacles that may exist in indoor spaces, which may lead to incomplete imaging of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor image sensors, a maximum gray value-based occlusion recovery and decoding scheme is proposed. This scheme effectively solves the problem of the visible light transmission channel being blocked and accomplishes LED-ID decoding. In addition, the overflow effect due to uneven light irradiation gathered in each pixel row affects the accuracy of decoding LED-ID, which in turn leads to poor positioning accuracy. In this paper, we propose to use an adaptive gamma correction method to eliminate the influence of the overflow effect and to improve the accuracy of decoding. In order to improve the positioning accuracy, a VLP algorithm based on a residual convolutional network (VisiResNet) is proposed to achieve high-accuracy positioning. The experimental results show that the average positioning error is 9.7 cm in the space of 9 m × 3 m × 3 m, and a decoding accuracy of 90% within 1.4 m is achieved in the face of different occlusion situations. The system can achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy and meet indoor positioning requirements.
Thermal conductivity suppression in ZnO with AlZn2O4 and ZnP2 for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Hsin Cheng-Lun , Liu Yu-Ting , Tsai Yue-Yun
Published: November 2024

In this study, intrinsic ZnO powder was sintered and intercalated with particles. The resulting powder, along with a commercial p-type product, was consolidated into bulk materials, and their thermal conductivity was measured across a temperature range of 350 K–700 K. The thermal conductivity of the commercial p-type ZnO was found to be lower than that of intrinsic ZnO, attributed to controlled doping. Notably, our demonstration illustrated that the thermal conductivity can be reduced by a factor of 5–10 in the presence of AlZn2O4 and ZnP2 precipitates. This methodology presents a feasible approach for the future design of ZnO-based thermoelectric materials, particularly for thermal heat scavenging applications.
Exploring nonlocal correlations in arbitrarily high-dimensional systems
Authors: Barasiński Artur
Published: November 2024

The utilization of higher-dimensional systems holds promise for unveiling novel phenomena and enhancing the efficacy of practical tasks, such as entanglement-based quantum cryptography. However, detecting quantum correlations within qudit systems poses a formidable challenge. In this study, we delve into the intricacies of Bell’s nonlocality within higher-dimensional systems. We introduce a novel correlation function and leverage it to construct a family of Bell inequalities adapted for quantum systems of arbitrary dimensionality. By gauging the probability of local realism violation under random measurements as our primary metric, we explore the relation between pure state entanglement and nonlocality. Our findings align closely with predictions derived from the comprehensive polytope analysis via linear programming methods. While our focus predominantly centers on the two-qudit scenario, our methodology readily extends to the N-partite case, accommodating an arbitrary number of measurements per party.
Research on heat exchanger tube sheet to shell fillet weld testing and engineering application using total focusing phased array technique
Authors: Qian Shengjie , Fan Jilei , Wang Lei , Wang Du , Chen Dingyue , Li Binbin
Published: November 2024

According to structure of the heat exchanger tube sheet to shell fillet weld, the total focusing phased array technique was adopted to settle down this testing difficulty. Firstly, the inspection background and detection difficulties of the fillet weld was introduced in this paper. Secondly, the sound field simulation and typical flaw response simulation was carried out using CIVA software, and the special blocks were manufactured on the base of the simulation result. Thirdly, the total focusing phased array testing study was carried out in laboratory, and the drilled holes, grooves, as well as the typical flaws of incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration and crack in blocks were successfully detected. Finally, the total focusing technique engineering application of one heat exchanger in chemical device was put into effect, the incomplete fusion and incomplete penetration flaws were successfully detected. The total focusing phased array technique was successfully applied to the heat exchanger inspection project, the research result of this paper have high practical value for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of heat exchanger, and can be popularized and applied in the engineering project.