bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of process parameters influencing the AlSi10Mg side surface quality fabricated via laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Dai Shimin , Liao Hailong , Zhu Haihong , Zeng Xiaoyan
Published: October 2021

Purpose

For the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) technology, the side surface quality is essentially important for industrial applicated parts, such as the inner flow parts. Contour is generally adopted at the parts’ outline to enhance the side surface quality. However, the side surface roughness (Ra) is still larger than 10 microns even with contour in previous studies. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of contour process parameters, laser power and scanning velocity on the side surface quality of the AlSi10Mg sample.

Design/methodology/approach

Using L-PBF technology to manufacture AlSi10Mg samples under different contour process parameters, use a laser confocal microscope to capture the surface information of the samples, and obtain the surface roughness Ra and the maximum surface height Rz of each sample after analysis and processing.

Findings

The results show that the side surface roughness decreases with the increase of the laser power at the fixed scanning velocity of 1,000 mm/s, the side surface roughness Ra stays within the error range as the contour velocity increases. It is found that the Ra increases with the scanning velocity increasing and the greater the laser power with the greater Ra increases when the laser power of contour process parameters is 300 W, 350 W and 400 W. The Rz maintain growth with the contour scanning velocity increasing at constant laser power. The continuous uniform contour covers the pores in the molten pool of the sample edge and thus increase the density of the sample. Two mechanisms named “Active adhesion” and “Passive adhesion” cause sticky powder.

Originality/value

Formation of a uniform and even contour track is key to obtain the good side surface quality. The side surface quality is determined by the uniformity and stability of the contour track when the layer thickness is fixed. These research results can provide helpful guidance to improve the surface quality of L-PBF manufactured parts.
What makes urban parks good for California quail? Evaluating park suitability, species persistence, and the potential for reintroduction into a large urban national park
Authors: Iknayan Kelly J. , Wheeler Megan M. , Safran Samuel M. , Young Jonathan S. , Spotswood Erica N.
Published: October 2021

Preserving and restoring wildlife in urban areas benefits both urban ecosystems and the well‐being of urban residents. While urban wildlife conservation is a rapidly developing field, the majority of conservation research has been performed in wildland areas. Understanding the applicability of wildland science to urban populations and the relative importance of factors limiting species persistence are of critical importance to identifying prescriptive management strategies for restoring wildlife to urban parks.

We evaluated how habitat fragmentation, habitat quality and mortality threats influence species occupancy and persistence in urban parks. We chose California quail Callipepla californica as a representative species with potential to respond to urban conservation. We used publicly available eBird data to construct occupancy models of quail in urban parks across their native range, and present an application using focal parks interested in exploring quail reintroduction.

Urban parks had a 0.23 ± 0.02 probability of quail occupancy, with greater occupancy in larger parks that were less isolated from potential source populations, had higher shrub cover and had lower impervious cover. Less isolated parks had higher colonization rates, while larger parks had lower extinction rates. These results align with findings across urban ecology showing greater biodiversity in larger and more highly connected habitat patches.

A case study highlighted that interventions to increase effective park size and improve connectivity would be most influential for two highly urban focal parks, while changes to internal land cover would have a relatively small impact. Low joint extinction probability in the parks (0.010 ± 0.013) indicated reintroduced populations could persist for some time.

Synthesis and applications. We show how eBird data can be harnessed to evaluate the responsiveness of wildlife to urban parks of variable size, connectivity and habitat quality, highlighting what management actions are most needed. Using California quail as an example, we found park size, park isolation and presence of coyotes are all important drivers of whether quail can colonize and persist in parks. Our results suggest reintroducing quail to parks could be successful provided parks are large enough to support quail, and management actions are taken to enhance regional connectivity or periodic assisted colonization is used to supplement local populations.
Using the likelihood ratio in bloodstain pattern analysis
Authors: Attinger Daniel , De Brabanter Kris , Champod Christophe
Published: October 2021

There is an apparent paradox that the likelihood ratio (LR) approach is an appropriate measure of the weight of evidence when forensic findings have to be evaluated in court, while it is typically not used by bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) experts. This commentary evaluates how the scope and methods of BPA relate to several types of evaluative propositions and methods to which LRs are applicable. As a result of this evaluation, we show how specificities in scope (BPA being about activities rather than source identification), gaps in the underlying science base, and the reliance on a wide range of methods render the use of LRs in BPA more complex than in some other forensic disciplines. Three directions are identified for BPA research and training, which would facilitate and widen the use of LRs: research in the underlying physics; the development of a culture of data sharing; and the development of training material on the required statistical background. An example of how recent fluid dynamics research in BPA can lead to the use of LR is provided. We conclude that an LR framework is fully applicable to BPA, provided methodic efforts and significant developments occur along the three outlined directions.
Medicolegal death investigator workplace safety hazards: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Drake Stacy A. , Thoene Caitlyn , Foster Margaret , Porta Carolyn , Pickens Adam W.
Published: October 2021

In the United States, medicolegal death investigation practices and policies pertaining to sudden unexpected deaths are mandated by state government. Practices vary across states, which contributes to inconsistency in job prerequisites and training. In preparation for a study focused on occupational safety and health of medicolegal death investigators in their on‐scene and follow‐up activities, a scoping review was conducted to document known occupational safety risks and health‐related conditions associated with death investigation. Searches used Boolean and subject heading operators both broad and narrow in scope, and search terms included scene responder, hazard, investigator, forensic pathology, injury, and safety. Twenty‐five articles met inclusion criteria, which included seventeen survey‐mixed method designs, two systematic reviews, five quasi‐experimental designs, and one case study. Twelve articles addressed mental health and eleven focused on risks associated with infectious disease. One article addressed the risk of chemical exposure from cyanide among autopsy personnel (including forensic pathologists) and nine included a wide range of employees within the setting of medical examiner or coroner offices. One article, addressing burnout, included employees in a forensic science laboratory setting as well as medicolegal death investigators and two articles included forensic pathologists and medicolegal death investigators. Only one article addressed medicolegal death investigators specifically. Articles addressing occupational and environmental hazards of medicolegal death investigators associated with musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, radiological, nuclear, electrical, or explosive threats were not identified. There is little published about safety risks inherent in conducting death investigations. Research is needed to adequately inform health promotion and injury prevention strategies.
Bacterial epiphyte and endophyte communities of seagrass Thalassia hemprichii: the impact of feed extract solution
Authors: Cai Zefu , Zhou Lei , Liu Lihua , Wang Daoru , Ren Wei , Long Hao , Zhang Xiang , Xie Zhenyu
Published: October 2021

The global seagrass bed ecosystem acts as a natural ecological barrier in the littoral coastal zone. In recent years, this ecosystem has suffered from serious eutrophication and destruction caused by the continuous expansion of aquaculture. However, our understanding of the influence of aquaculture on the bacterial community remains limited. In this study, we used 16S amplicon sequencing to evaluate the impact of aquaculture feed extract solution on the composition and function of bacterial epiphytes and endophyte communities of the core seagrass from the seagrass bed ecosystem in Hainan, Thalassia hemprichii. The feed extract solution was the main factor that significantly affected the bacterial epiphyte and endophyte community structure of seagrass leaves but had no marked effect on alpha diversity was observed. Additionally, the bacterial epiphyte and endophyte community of the T. hemprichii leaves alleviated the effects of organic matter, sulfide, and nutrients caused by aquaculture wastewater. The feed extract solution promoted the proliferation of Bacteroidales, Vibrio, Desulfobulbaceae, Desulfobacteraceae, Pseudoalteromonas, Paludibacter, Marinomonas, and Pseudomonas in the leaves and root of T. hemprichii, which can effectively improve the digestibility of eutrophication. In fact, Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae can reduce sulfate to sulfide and oxidize sulfide to sulfur within seagrass, indicating that the increase in Desulfobulbaceae and Desulfobacteraceae facilitated the accumulation of sulfide with the treatment of feed extract solution, which may be the reason for the degradation of seagrass caused by aquaculture wastewater containing high concentrations of organic pollutants. These results suggest that although seagrass beds can withstand low concentrations of aquaculture pollutants, sulfide emissions should be minimized.
Case Series: Cariprazine for treatment of methamphetamine use disorder
Authors: Truong Thanh Thuy , Li Benjamin
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives

Methamphetamine use is a major source of morbidity and mortality but has no reliably effective interventions. We identified cariprazine as an option for treatment of methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and present two cases.

Methods

Two patients with MUD and psychotic disorders were treated with cariprazine. Abstinence and cravings were assessed using urine drug screens and the Brief Substance Craving Scale, respectively.

Results

Both patients reported global functional improvement, reduction in methamphetamine cravings and use with cariprazine, confirmed with negative urine drug screens.

Conclusions and Scientific Significance

Cariprazine's unique pharmacodynamic profile conveys potential efficacy for MUD. It would be a novel treatment that targets multiple psychiatric symptoms seen in MUD.
Preparation of decellularized optic nerve grafts
Authors: Topuz Bengisu , Aydin Halil Murat
Published: October 2021

Background

Decellularized tissues based on well‐conserved extracellular matrices (ECMs) are a common area of research in tissue engineering. Although several decellularization protocols have been suggested for several types of tissues, studies on the optic nerve have been limited.

Methods

We report decellularization protocol with different detergent for the preparation of acellular optic nerve and tissues were examined. DNA, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and collagen content of the groups were evaluated with biochemical analyses and examined with histological staining. Mechanical properties, chemical components as well as cytotoxic properties of tissues were compared.

Results

According to the results, it was determined that TX‐100 (Triton X‐100) was insufficient in decellularization when used alone. In addition, it was noticed that 85% of GAG content was preserved by using TX‐100 and TX‐100‐SD (sodium deoxycholate), while this ratio was calculated as 30% for SDS. In contrast, the effect of the decellularization protocols on ECM structure of the tissues was evaluated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and determined their mechanical properties. Cytotoxicity analyses were exhibited minimum 95% cell viability for all groups, suggesting that there are no cytotoxic properties of the methods on L929 mouse fibroblast cells.

Conclusions

The combination of TX‐100‐SD and TX‐100‐SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) were was determined as the most effective methods to the literature for optic nerve decellularization.
Myocarditis caused byListeria monocytogenesin a dog
Authors: Wong SA , Hugo TB
Published: October 2021

Background

Canine myocarditis can result from infection with bacteriaListeria monocytogenes.

Case report

A 14‐week‐old female entire Staffordshire Bull Terrier was assessed for lethargy, inappetence and dyspnoea. Radiographs and echocardiography revealed fluid within the pericardial space, a plaque of marked hyperechogenicity within the right ventricular free wall, marked right atrial dilation and myocardial systolic dysfunction. Histopathology of the myocardium was consistent with severe pyogranulomatous myocarditis, with gram stain revealing gram‐positive bacilli, consistent with a Listerial infection. Bacterial culture of the myocardium yielded a light growth ofListeria monocytogenes.

Conclusion

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of canine myocarditis caused byListeria monocytogenesto be described and should be included as a differential diagnosis of myocarditis. Further, it prompts the consideration of potential zoonotic risks for veterinarians treating dogs with pericardial effusions.
Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab versus standard care/placebo in patients with COVID‐19; a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Vela Driton , Vela‐Gaxha Zana , Rexhepi Mjellma , Olloni Rozafa , Hyseni Violeta , Nallbani Rajmonda
Published: October 2021

Aims

Tocilizumab has emerged as an important therapy in treating patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). Our purpose was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab versus standard care/placebo in patients with COVID‐19.

Methods

We searched a variety of sources from 1 January 2020 to 5 May 2021. All randomized controlled trials that reported tocilizumab efficacy as a primary agent in COVID‐19 patients were considered. RCTs had to include mortality events, incidence of mechanical ventilation and serious adverse events. Two reviewers were independently responsible for data extraction. Assessment of bias and certainty of evidence was carried out using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and GRADE methodology. RR for mortality events was evaluated using a fixed‐effects model.

Results

A total of 6837 patients were included from 10 RCTs, of which nine were peer‐reviewed. Pooled risk ratio (RR) for all‐cause mortality in patients with tocilizumab administration was RR = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81–0.95, P = .0009). RR for incidence of mechanical ventilation at 28–30 days was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71–0.88). Serious adverse events (SAE) with tocilizumab use were associated with lower RR (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.76–1.09) but the certainty of evidence was downgraded to moderate due to serious risk of bias.

Conclusion

In COVID‐19 patients with moderate to critical COVID‐19, use of tocilizumab reduces all‐cause mortality and progression to mechanical ventilation. This efficacy was not associated with higher number of serious adverse events.
Distinct Aβ pathology in the olfactory bulb and olfactory deficits in a mouse model of Aβ and α‐syn co‐pathology
Authors: Friesen Marina , Ziegler‐Waldkirch Stephanie , Egenolf Milena , d'Errico Paolo , Helm Christina , Mezö Charlotte , Dokalis Nikolaos , Erny Daniel , Katzmarski Natalie , Coelho Romina , Loreth Desirée , Prinz Marco , Meyer‐Luehmann Melanie
Published: October 2021

Several degenerative brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are characterized by the simultaneous appearance of amyloid‐β (Aβ) and α‐synuclein (α‐syn) pathologies and symptoms that are similar, making it difficult to differentiate between these diseases. Until now, an accurate diagnosis can only be made by postmortem analysis. Furthermore, the role of α‐syn in Aβ aggregation and the arising characteristic olfactory impairments observed during the progression of these diseases is still not well understood. Therefore, we assessed Aβ load in olfactory bulbs of APP‐transgenic mice expressing APP695KM670/671NL and PSEN1L166P under the control of the neuron‐specific Thy‐1 promoter (referred to here as APPPS1) and APPPS1 mice co‐expressing SNCAA30P (referred to here as APPPS1 × [A30P]aSYN). Furthermore, the olfactory capacity of these mice was evaluated in the buried food and olfactory avoidance test. Our results demonstrate an age‐dependent increase in Aβ load in the olfactory bulb of APP‐transgenic mice that go along with exacerbated olfactory performance. Our study provides clear evidence that the presence of α‐syn significantly diminished the endogenous and seed‐induced Aβ deposits and significantly ameliorated olfactory dysfunction in APPPS1 × [A30P]aSYN mice.
Specific delivering of RNAi using Spike's aptamer‐functionalized lipid nanoparticles for targeting SARS‐CoV‐2: A strong anti‐Covid drug in a clinical case study
Authors: Saify Nabiabad Haidar , Amini Massoume , Demirdas Serwet
Published: October 2021

Coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) as a global pandemic has attracted the attention of many scientific centers to find the right treatment. We expressed and purified the recombinant receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S) protein, and specific RBD aptamers were designed using SELEX method. RNAi targeting nucleocapsid phosphoprotein was synthesized and human lung cells were inoculated with aptamer‐functionalized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing RNAi. The results demonstrated that RBD aptamer having KD values of 0.290 nm possessed good affinity. Based on molecular docking and efficacy prediction analysis, siRNA molecule was showed the best action. LNPs were appropriately functionalized by aptamer and contained RNAi molecules. Antiviral assay using q‐PCR and ELISA demonstrated that LNP functionalized with 35 µm Apt and containing 30 nm RNAi/ml of cell culture had the best antiviral activity compared to other concentrations. Applied aptamer in the nanocarrier has two important functions. First, it can deliver the drug (RNAi) to the surface of epithelial cells. Second, by binding to the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein, it inhibits the virus entrance into cells. Our data reveal an interaction between the aptamer and the virus, and RNAi targeted the virus RNA. CT scan and the clinical laboratory tests in a clinical case study, a 36‐year old man who presented with severe SARS‐CoV‐2, demonstrated that inhalation of 10 mg Apt‐LNPs‐RNAi nebulized/day for six days resulted in an improvement in consolidation and ground‐glass opacity in lungs on the sixth day of treatment. Our findings suggest the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection through inhalation of Aptamer‐LNPs‐RNAi.
Prolonged postoperative ileus following right‐ versus left‐sided colectomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Seo Sean Ho Beom , Carson Daniel A. , Bhat Sameer , Varghese Chris , Wells Cameron I. , Bissett Ian P. , O'Grady Greg
Published: October 2021

Aim

Prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI) is a common complication following colonic surgery, and is associated with longer hospital stay, greater risk of complications and substantial cost for patients and hospitals. Some reports have recently suggested that gastrointestinal (GI) recovery varies based on the side of resection (i.e., right‐sided vs. left‐sided colectomy). This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare GI recovery by resection side.

Methods

The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and CENTRAL databases were systematically searched for articles reporting GI recovery outcomes in adults undergoing elective right‐ versus left‐sided colectomy (excluding with ileostomy) of any surgical approach. The primary outcome was PPOI, and secondary outcomes included time to first passage of flatus, stool and tolerance of solid diet, and postoperative complications. Subgroup analyses of laparoscopic procedures and cohorts without inflammatory bowel disease and sensitivity analysis of adjusted multivariate results were also performed.

Results

Nine studies were identified, of which seven were included in the meta‐analysis, comprising 29 068 colectomies (14 581 right‐sided; 14 487 left‐sided). PPOI was heterogeneously defined and was significantly more likely following right‐sided compared to left‐sided colectomy regardless of the surgical approach (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.32–2.39; P < 0.01; I2 = 51%), as well as on subgroup analyses and adjusted multivariate meta‐analysis. Secondary outcomes were reported in only a few small studies; hence meta‐analysis did not produce reliable results.

Conclusion

Based on heterogeneous definitions, consistently higher rates of PPOI were observed following right‐ versus left‐sided colectomy. These differences are currently unexplained and highlight the need for further research into the pathophysiology of ileus.
A rare case of acute myocardial infarction related to mobile papillary fibroelastoma of the aortic valve
Authors: Tang Zhuoqin , Liu Mei , Huang He
Published: October 2021

We present the case of a 75‐year‐old woman with typical myocardial infarction but a negative coronary angiogram. Echocardiography identified the rare cause of her chest pain: a mobile mass on the aortic valve that obstructed the coronary ostium. The histopathology revealed a papillary fibroelastoma (PFE), and her chest pain was relieved after surgical resection of the mass.
Top‐down effects of foraging decisions on local, landscape and regional biodiversity of resources (DivGUD)
Authors: Eccard Jana A. , Mendes Ferreira Clara , Peredo Arce Andres , Dammhahn Melanie
Published: October 2021

Foraging by consumers acts as a biotic filtering mechanism for biodiversity at the trophic level of resources. Variation in foraging behaviour has cascading effects on abundance, diversity, and functional trait composition of the community of resource species. Here we propose diversity at giving‐up density (DivGUD), i.e. when foragers quit exploiting a patch, as a novel concept and simple measure quantifying cascading effects at multiple spatial scales. In experimental landscapes with an assemblage of plant seeds, patch residency of wild rodents decreased local α‐DivGUD (via elevated mortality of species with large seeds) and regional γ‐DivGUD, while dissimilarity among patches in a landscape (ß‐DivGUD) increased. By linking theories of adaptive foraging behaviour with community ecology, DivGUD allows to investigate cascading indirect predation effects, e.g. the ecology‐of‐fear framework, feedbacks between functional trait composition of resource species and consumer communities, and effects of inter‐individual differences among foragers on the biodiversity of resource communities.
A retrospective cohort study of clinical factors, visit patterns, and demographic factors associated with use of remote communications in patients with headache
Authors: Mueller Bridget , Sweetnam Chloe , Klenofsky Britany , Pace Anna , Grant Jihan , Natbony Lauren , Robinson‐Papp Jessica , Kummer Benjamin
Published: October 2021

Objective

To identify the characteristics associated with high utilization of remote communications (RCs) in patients with headache.

Background

Patients with headache frequently communicate with their providers using secure portal messaging and telephone calls. However, clinical and demographic factors as well as visit patterns associated with RC utilization remain poorly characterized.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with headache who were evaluated in the ambulatory neurology faculty practice at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York between January 1 and June 30, 2019. We extracted clinical and demographic characteristics, total office visits, secure MyChart portal messages, and telephone encounters from our institutional data warehouse. We defined high RC and MyChart utilization as the top tertile of RC and MyChart message volume, respectively, and assessed the relationship between patient characteristics and high RC (primary outcome), as well as high MyChart utilization (secondary outcome). We characterized the relationship between clinicodemographic characteristics and the ratio of MyChart messages to total RCs (secondary outcome).

Results

We identified 1390 patients, of whom 477 (34.3%) were high RC utilizers and 321 (23.1%) were high MyChart utilizers. High RC utilizers generated 3306/3921 (84.3%) RCs. The presence of chronic headache (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.75–3.03, p < 0.0001), cluster headache (aOR 18.3, 95% CI 5.0–71.7, p = 0.001), and migraine (aOR 3.82, 95% CI 1.93–9.3, p = 0.011) was associated with high RC utilization. Patients ≥65 years of age were less likely to engage in MyChart messaging as a proportion of RC (191/680, 28.1%) compared with patients 18–30 years of age (243/620, 39.2%, p = 0.049) and 30–64 years of age (1172/2721, 43.1%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

A minority of patients with headache (477/1390; 34.3%) generated the majority (3306/3921; 84.3%) of RCs. Our findings should be validated in external patient cohorts with the objective of developing strategies to optimize RC utilization.
Investigating the influence of excipient batch variation on the structure, consistency and physical stability of polysorbate 60–based topical vehicles
Authors: Vu Dang Hoang , Tran Huu Hung , Nguyen Hue Minh Thi
Published: October 2021

Fatty alcohol‐polysorbate 60‐water ternary systems were used as models to represent the continuous phases of the respective semisolid oil‐in‐water emulsions for topical delivery of cosmetic and medicinal agents. The influence of batch variation of polysorbate 60 and fatty alcohol on structure and consistency of these systems was investigated using microscopy, rheology, differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray scattering techniques. The polysorbate 60 : cetostearyl alcohol mixed emulsifying wax showed swelling in water, that is, the lamellar repeat distance continually augmented from 93 to 125 Å with water percentage 20–90%. Cetostearyl alcohol ternary systems were thicker than cetyl alcohol ones independently of polysorbate 60 batches used. All the ternary systems showed an initial increase in consistency over the first 2 weeks of storage, which was followed by slight changes in consistency (cetostearyl alcohol systems) due to the re‐allocation of polysorbate 60 molecules in the gel network or significant breakdown of structure (cetyl alcohol systems) due to the transformation of swollen α‐lamellar gel phase into β, γ crystals on 25°C storage. With all fatty alcohols, the consistency of polysorbate 60 ternary system was directly dependent upon interlamellar water thickness as governed by the length and distribution of polyoxyethylene groups within polysorbate 60 molecules. In relation with the composition of polysorbate 60 batches used, the consistency of ternary systems was higher when prepared with the polysorbate 60 batch containing a greater amount of sorbitan polyoxyethylene monoesters. It was proposed that the swollen α‐crystalline gel phase could be better formed by sorbitan polyoxyethylene monoesters rather than sorbitan polyoxyethylene diesters.
Functional beverage based on alginate/insoluble fraction of Persian gum, WPI and PPC beads loaded with jujube extract: physicochemical, rheometry and sensory properties
Authors: Farahani Zahra Khoshdouni , Mousavi Seyed Mohamad ali Ebrahimzadeh , Seyedain Ardebili Seyed Mahdi , Bakhoda Hossein
Published: October 2021

Functional beverage with suspended gel beads made with Jujube extract (as phenolic compounds source), whey protein isolated and chickpea protein concentrated was investigated in this study. There were three types of beads including sodium alginate/insoluble fraction of Persian gum (IFPG), sodium alginate/IFPG/whey protein isolated and sodium alginate/IFPG/pea protein concentrated. The evaluation included pH, acidity, Brix, turbidity, viscosity and sensory properties. The acidity and pH of beverages had a reverse relation as the increase in pH can be due to partial release of the extract. The outcomes showed that the highest viscosity was related to beverages containing chickpea and alginate/IFPG beads. There was a vice versa relation between the spindle round and viscosity. Moreover, the most turbidity was shown in alginate/IFPG/PPC beads' beverage on 14th day (232 NTU). Finally, the resulting beverages also showed good sensory properties.
Interaction between soy protein isolate and surfactant at the interface of antibacterial nanoemulsions loaded with riboflavin tetra butyrate
Authors: Fang Qiangsheng , Li Rui , Li Peihong , Yuan Yuan , Zhuang Hong , Zhang Chunling
Published: October 2021

Riboflavin tetra butyrate (RTB) is an effective antimicrobial photosensitiser that poses a challenge for long‐term preservation and application due to its hydrophobicity and instability. To overcome this problem, a series of nanoemulsions loaded with photosensitiser RTB was prepared in this study by using soy protein isolate (SPI) as an emulsifier and small molecule surfactant (X) as co‐emulsifier. The interaction mechanism of SPI+X co‐emulsifier and its influence on the stability of emulsion and photosensitiser were explored, and the photodynamic bactericidal effect of the prepared RTB emulsion on S. aureus was studied. SPI and four types of surfactants were present in the form of synergistic (Tween 80, T80) or competition (Span 80, S80 and lecithin, LEC) adsorption or formation of Pickering emulsion (Sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS) at the oil–water interface. The experimental results revealed that the stable encapsulation ability of RTB emulsions for photosensitisers and their preservation ability can be drastically improved. This work verified that all RTB emulsions could inactive S. aureus under blue light, with an antibacterial ratio of more than 70%. Therefore, the emulsion‐based delivery system effectively improved the water dispersibility and chemical stability of RTB. These results demonstrate that RTB emulsion has the potential to be used as a food‐grade antibacterial emulsion.
High‐intensity ultrasound as a pre‐treatment of pork sub‐primals for further processing of meat
Authors: Garcia‐Galicia Ivan A. , Huerta‐Jimenez Mariana , Carrillo‐Lopez Luis M. , Sanchez‐Aldana Daniela , Alarcon‐Rojo Alma D.
Published: October 2021

The effect of high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) on technological and consumer acceptance of whole pork leg sub‐primals was evaluated. Sub‐primals (‘inside’, ‘knuckle’, ‘inner shank’, ‘eye of round’ and ‘shank off’) were processed following standard industrial pork processing for deboned legs in Mexico. They were allocated to one of the three treatments; HIU (22 W/cm2 and 37 kHz) for 0, 10 or 30 min. Sub‐primals were injected (10% w/v NaCl), tumbled and ultrasonicated. After 15 d of freezing storage, sub‐primals were thawed following common industrial practice. HIU increased the pH and water‐holding capacity and reduced fluid losses after thawing up to 50% (P < 0.05). Meat colour was not affected by HIU, but it significantly reduced shear force (P < 0.001). HIU slightly decreased the consumer preference and acceptance due to a saltier perception. Nevertheless, HIU application offered a clear advantage with positive effects on technological properties of pork for further processing.
Impact of tarragon usage on lipid oxidation and heterocyclic aromatic amine formation in meatball
Authors: Bulan Revşan , Oz Fatih
Published: October 2021

Herein, the effects of tarragon on lipid oxidation and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) formation in meatballs were determined. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in pH and TBARS values of the meatballs with tarragon was determined, while no significant effect (P > 0.05) was observed regarding water content of the samples. Only 2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (MeIQ) compound (up to 0.06 ng g−1) was detected in the control group meatballs. On the other hand, in the meatballs with tarragon, no HAAs could be detected. Tarragon use completely inhibited the formation of MeIQ. The total HAA content of the samples in the control group increased with increasing the cooking temperature. The total HAA contents of the control group meatballs changed between not detected and 0.06 ng g−1. In conclusion, it can be recommended to use tarragon in meatball production as it completely inhibits the HAA formation and reduces TBARS value compared to the control group meatballs.
Curcumin as a mild natural α‐glucosidase inhibitor: a study on its mechanism in vitro
Authors: Liu Yujia , Zhu Jie , Yu Jiamei , Chen Xu , Zhang Shuyan , Cai Yanxue , Li Lin
Published: October 2021

Curcumin, natural dietary ingredient, is considered as mild effective inhibitors for α‐glucosidase to prevent type 2 diabetes. In this work, spectroscopic techniques combined with molecular simulation were used to further understand the inhibition kinetic mechanism of curcumin on α‐glucosidase. Curcumin showed a mild inhibition effect (IC50 =20.54 ± 1.02 mg/ml) for α‐glucosidases through a competitive inhibition mechanism, and it led to fluorescence quenching as well as energy transfer by binding behaviour (average binding distance, r0 = 2.43 nm). Hydrogen bonds and steric hindrance were the main interactions between curcumin and the activity site of α‐glucosidases, as revealed by molecular docking. Circular dichroism spectroscopy results also indicate that curcumin affected the denaturation temperature of α‐glucosidases, which dropped from 74 °C to 68 °C, resulting in inhibition. The findings can contribute to a better understanding of the development and application of curcumin in functional dietary food.
Inhibition of aspartic acid on the darkening of fresh wet noodles
Authors: Wu Xin‐Ting , Guo Xiao‐Na , Zhu Ke‐Xue
Published: October 2021

This research explored the effect and mechanism of aspartic acid (Asp) on the darkening of fresh wet noodles (FWNs). With increase in the addition of Asp (0.1%‐0.9%), ΔL* and pH of FWN reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Asp could reduce polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and increase its retention rate of polyphenol of FWN. When FWNs were adjusted to the same pH by Asp, malic acid (Mal) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), ΔL* and PPO activity of FWN with Asp were lower than that of other two acids. In the vitro PPO solution, the inhibitory effect of Asp on PPO activity was related to the decrease in pH and the ability of chelating Cu2+. According to UPLC‐TOF‐MS analysis, Asp could also react with PPO browning products (‐C12H9O4, ‐C24H19O2 and ‐C12H7O5), transforming browning products into some light‐coloured products. Asp effectively inhibited the darkening of FWN and had the potential use in noodle industry.
On the Importance of Philosophical Recovery: Thoughts on Across Black Spaces
Authors: Garfield Jay L.
Published: October 2021

While—as Yancy himself reminds us regularly in this book—philosophy may begin in wonder, it cannot end there. Philosophical thought must move from wonder to commitment, whether that commitment is to something as abstract as the nature of numbers or as morally pressing as the response to racism. Philosophy, however intellectual an exercise it may be, is only worth pursuing if it addresses what is important to us, and only if in philosophizing we commit ourselves to making a difference, to transforming ourselves and to benefiting our fellows. I was particularly struck when reading Across Black Spaces by Prof. Yancy’s project of recovery, specifically his recovery of the work of Thomas Nelson Baker, Gilbert Haven Jones, and Joyce Mitchell Cook—three profoundly original African American philosophers whose achievements are largely ignored in America today. My interest in this section of the book was piqued in part because of my own experience, in close collaboration with my colleague Nalini Bhushan, in a recovery project. In that case we were working to recover the work of Indian philosophers of the late 19th and early 20th century whose work had fallen into obscurity. That project led us to reflect on our own reasons for engaging in this kind of history of philosophy. John Makeham’s work recovering the work of the early 20th‐Century New Confucians, who fused Buddhist Yogācāra, Confucian ethics, and Pragmatist philosophy of science provides another example of this kind of enterprise. Reflection on these projects constitutes the background for my own thoughts about Prof. Yancy’s similar project.
Assessing the Influence of Amici on Supreme Court Decision Making
Authors: Mann Ronald , Fronk Michael
Published: October 2021

The authors analyze a dataset of indicators of the influence of amicus filings on the decisions of the United States Supreme Court from October Term 2013 through October Term 2018), examining the effect of filings on the prevailing party, on citations to amicus filings, and on sources drawn from amicus filings. The dataset includes 386 cases, 4500 amicus filings, and 22,000 citations in Supreme Court decisions. In some ways, the paper updates scholarship from the turn of the century, when amicus filings were much less prevalent, but it also breaks new ground with the data about citations to amicus filings and sources drawn from amicus filings.

The principal findings are (1) the effect of amicus filings on the decision is much more even than it was at the turn of the century, when it was concentrated on bottom‐side filings; and (2) the effects of filings are much more noticeable for amicus filers less directly motivated by monetary considerations (academics, think tanks, and the like) and less noticeable for those more directly motivated by monetary considerations (trade associations and businesses).
The combined effect of green tea and peppermint oil against pathogenic bacteria to extend the shelf life of eggs at ambient temperature and the mode of action
Authors: Songsamoe Sumethee , Kabploy Krittika , Khunjan Katthayawan , Matan Narumol
Published: October 2021

This work investigated the antimicrobial activities of green tea (GT) at 5 and 10.0% wt/vol and peppermint oil (PP) at 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2% wt/vol against major pathogen bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus) found on eggs at room temperature (30°C). The quality factors (weight loss, Haugh unit, albumen pH, egg yolk, and albumen index) of treated eggs were also measured while they were stored at room temperature for 14 days. A 9‐point hedonic scale was used for sensory evaluation. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of bacteria cells to understand this study's mechanism of action. It was found that combining 10% GT and 0.15% PP had complete antibacterial activity against all pathogenic bacteria investigated, and could extend the shelf life of treated eggs from 7 days (control) to at least 14 days. The treated egg's coliforms (≤3.0 log10 colony‐forming unit [CFU] g−1), E. coli (≤1.8 log10 CFU g−1), TVC (≤4.3 log10 CFU g−1), Salmonella spp., (not detected in 25 g), and S. aureus (not detected in 25 g) were better able to meet the microbiological criteria for egg after 14 days of storage, when compared to the control, which exceeded the criteria within 7 days. In addition, consumers rated egg acceptability as favorable by giving a sensory score ranging from like slightly to like moderately (~6.7). Furthermore, when compared to the control (6–7 days), all treated eggs retained their quality during storage for 14 days and met the microbiological criteria for egg in food standard (<4.7–6.0 log10 CFU g−1 for total visible count). Compound leakage from within the bacteria, which was the mode of action when GT and PP were combined, resulted in a wrinkled appearance of bacteria cells and serious defects in bacteria membrane morphology. These findings suggest that a sanitizing spray derived from GT and PP can extend the shelf life of eggs and ensure their safety for human consumption at room temperature without using a refrigerator.
Clinical guide for women with mental health problems during the perinatal period
Authors: Shimoya Koichiro , Kotani Tomomi , Satoh Shoji , Suzuki Shunji , Kashima Haruo , Ogasawara Kazuyoshi , Ozaki Norio , Suzuki Eiji , Tachibana Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Toshihito ,   Creation Committee of Clinical guide for women with mental health problems during the perinatal period
Published: October 2021

Pregnancy and childbirth have various effects on the physical as well as mental aspects of women. Therefore, appropriate considerations must be given to the mental health of pregnant women. The Guideline Review Committee of the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology launched a liaison meeting for the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology and the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, with a view to creating a “Clinical guide for women with mental health problems during the perinatal period” by cooperation of these two fields. After repeated discussions with input from both academic societies, they jointly formulated the “Clinical guide for women with mental health problems during the perinatal period: Overview” in May 2020, and reported its “Detailed Contents” in April 2021. We hope that this guide, which is the English overview of the detailed guide, will contribute to the mental health of pregnant women, facilitating healthy pregnancies and childbirth.
Effect of poultry offal silage with or without betaine supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphometry, spleen histomorphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings
Authors: Eissa Alaa Eldin , Yusuf Mohamed S. , Younis Nehal A. , Fekry Mohamed , Dessouki Amina A. , Ismail Gehad A. , Ford H. , Abdelatty Alzahraa M.
Published: October 2021

Fishmeal (FM) is the main protein source in fish feed. However, it is quite expensive due to its limited resources. Therefore, finding a dietary alternative to the FM to sustain fish production is crucial, and the current study was performed to assess the impact of poultry offal silage (POS) with or without betaine supplementation; as an effective and cheaper alternative to FM; on feed efficiency, growth performance, spleen morphology and intestinal morphometry of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Four dietary treatments were formulated: (1) FM based diet, (2) FM‐B; FM diet +0.7% betaine, (3) POS diet and (4) POS‐B; POS diet +0.7% betaine. Each dietary treatment consisted of three replicates (n = 10/replicate), and the experiment was continued for 16 weeks. By the end of the experiment, spleen and intestine specimens were collected from 15 fish (n = 5/replicate) for histopathological assessment. The results were statistically analysed using GLM procedures of SAS 9.4. Feed efficiency increased in both POS‐B and FM‐B groups (p = 0.01), while body weight and body weight gain showed only weak tendencies towards an increase (p = 0.10 and 0.12, respectively). The villi length was the highest in POS‐B fed group (p < 0.01). In addition, melanomacrophage centres of the spleen increased in both betaine‐supplemented groups (p < 0.01). From our findings, we conclude that betaine supplementation with poultry offal silage improved production performance and immune status of Nile tilapia fish.
Democratic Third Parties, Conflict Intensity, and International Mediation Tracking
Authors: Böhmelt Tobias
Published: October 2021

Two well‐established principles in the field of mediation are: conflicts that are especially difficult to resolve tend to attract international mediation and, secondly, democracies are more likely to mediate than other third parties. However, I argue that in the case of disputes that are both highly intense and involve third‐party democracies, the joint effect is a lower probability of mediation. Mediation is not costless for third parties and domestic audiences may punish leaders for failed interventions. As democracies are more vulnerable than nondemocratic regimes to such audience costs—especially in the case of difficult conflicts that are likely to fail—they will opt to mediate the “easier” cases. I find robust support for this argument using data on civil wars and mediation from 1946 to 2011. This article adds to our understanding of conflict management and sheds further light on the persistent selection mechanisms surrounding international mediation.
Red light shines a path forward on leaf minimum conductance
Authors: Cernusak Lucas A. , De Kauwe Martin G.
Published: October 2021

This article is a Commentary on Márquez et al. (2022), 233: 156–168.
Conceptual Engineering and the Politics of Implementation
Authors: Queloz Matthieu , Bieber Friedemann
Published: October 2021

Conceptual engineering is thought to face an ‘implementation challenge’: the challenge of securing uptake of engineered concepts. But is the fact that implementation is challenging really a defect to be overcome? What kind of picture of political life would be implied by making engineering easy to implement? We contend that the ambition to obviate the implementation challenge goes against the very idea of liberal democratic politics. On the picture we draw, the implementation challenge can be overcome by institutionalizing control over conceptual uptake, and there are contexts – such as professions that depend on coordinated conceptual innovation – in which there are good reasons to institutionalize control in this fashion. But the liberal fear of this power to control conceptual uptake ending up in the wrong hands, combined with the democratic demand for freedom of thought as a precondition of genuine consent, yields a liberal democratic rationale for keeping implementation challenging.
Excited‐State Dynamics of a meta‐Dimethylamino Locked GFP Chromophore as a Fluorescence Turn‐on Water Sensor†
Authors: Boulanger Sean A. , Chen Cheng , Myasnyanko Ivan N. , Sokolov Anatolii I. , Baranov Mikhail S. , Fang Chong
Published: October 2021

Strategic incorporation of a meta‐dimethylamino (–NMe2) group on the conformationally locked green fluorescent protein (GFP) model chromophore (m‐NMe2‐LpHBDI) has drastically altered molecular electronic properties, counterintuitively enhancing fluorescence of only the neutral and cationic chromophores in aqueous solution. A ~200‐fold decrease in fluorescence quantum yield of m‐NMe2‐LpHBDI in alcohols (e.g., MeOH, EtOH and 2‐PrOH) supports this GFP‐derived compound as a fluorescence turn‐on water sensor, with large fluorescence intensity differences between H2O and ROH emissions in various H2O/ROH binary mixtures. A combination of steady‐state electronic spectroscopy, femtosecond transient absorption, ground‐state femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) and quantum calculations elucidates an intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding chain between a solvent –OH group and the chromophore phenolic ring –NMe2 and –OH functional groups, wherein fluorescence differences arise from an extended hydrogen‐bonding network beyond the first solvation shell, as opposed to fluorescence quenching via a dark twisted intramolecular charge‐transfer state. The absence of a meta‐NMe2 group twisting coordinate upon electronic excitation was corroborated by experiments on control samples without the meta‐NMe2 group or with both meta‐NMe2 and para‐OH groups locked in a six‐membered ring. These deep mechanistic insights stemming from GFP chromophore scaffold will enable rational design of organic, compact and environmentally friendly water sensors.