bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quid est veritas? Skeptische Implikationen von Ueber Wahrheit und Lüge im aussermoralischen Sinne
Authors: Gentili Carlo
Published: September 2022

Quid est veritas?
Skeptical Implications of
Ueber Wahrheit und Lüge im aussermoralischen Sinne
. This paper aims to examine the reach of the question “Was ist also Wahrheit?” – which introduces the definition of truth given by Nietzsche in Ueber Wahrheit und Lüge im aussermoralischen Sinne (1873). The question has undoubtedly an analogy in the question with which Pilate responds to Jesus in the Gospel of John. Starting with an analysis of the direct and recognized sources of Nietzsche’s text, this contribution shows how the Gospel background is, for Nietzsche, indirectly no less than directly, a crucial comparison that makes a decisive contribution to his conception of language.
On Liberty as a (Re-)Source for Nietzsche: Tracing John Stuart Mill in On the Genealogy of Morality
Authors: Schuster Sören E.
Published: September 2022

John Stuart Mill, whose relevance for Nietzsche’s late work has been documented by recent research, is not directly mentioned in On the Genealogy or Morality (1887). This article argues that Mill’s On Liberty (1859) nevertheless played a crucial role in the development of the Genealogy. Following a source-based methodology, three major references demonstrate how Nietzsche used On Liberty as a resource as he initiated and developed his own exploration into the origin of morality. After tracing Nietzsche’s reading of Mill through pencil marks in his copy of On Liberty, I discuss the reappearance of Mill’s motives and terminology as well as the explanatory power of Mill as a source for the respective sections in the Genealogy. It becomes clear to what extent Nietzsche adapts Mill and how he turns Mill’s own weapons against him through skillful transformations. The article concludes that instead of delivering the “better” Mill, Nietzsche builds up a fruitful tension between a then-common take on morality and its transgression.
Oligomeric cationic Gemini surfactants: synthesis, surface activities and rheological properties as thickener
Authors: Zhou Ming , Deng Xinyi , Chen Yiping , Zhao Yaxiong , Ni Ruifeng , Huang Jiangyu
Published: September 2022

In this study, three oligomeric cationic Gemini surfactants (Ⅲ1, Ⅲ2, and Ⅲ3) were prepared from different major raw materials, including long-chain alkyl amine (dodecyl amine, tetradecyl amine or cetyl amine), formic acid, formaldehyde, diethyl amine hydrochloride and epichlorohydrin. The synthesis conditions for one of the three surfactants, bis-[2-hydroxy-3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl)propyl]dipropylammonium chloride (Ⅲ1), were optimised by orthogonal experiments. The optimum synthesis conditions were: molar ratio of intermediate Ⅱ to intermediate Ⅰ1 = 1.0:2.2, reaction temperature = 85 °C and reaction time = 16 h. The structures of the three prepared compounds were characterised by FTIR and 1H NMR. Their thermal properties were evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The Geminisurfactants prepared exhibited better surface active properties than conventional single chain cationic surfactants. With increasing carbon chain length from C12 to C16, both CMC and surface tension γ
CMC decreased, while the viscosity of the thickening solution prepared with the synthesised oligomeric cationic Gemini surfactants as the main component increased. The optimum thickening formula was: 2.0 wt% Ⅲ3 + 0.8 wt% sodium salicylate (NaSal) + 0.6 wt% KCl. The viscosity of the optimum thickening formulation was 190.4 mPa s. Gemini oligomeric cationic surfactants could be used as thickeners in the production of fracturing fluids, flooding agents and drilling fluids for oil and gas production in oil fields.
Leitfaden zur Einführung digitaler Produkte im Maschinenbau
Authors: Kreutzkamm Paul Lasse , Weber Marc-André
Published: September 2022

Digitale Produkte ermöglichen dem Maschinen- und Anlagenbau vollkommen neue Umsatzmöglichkeiten durch die Etablierung serviceorientierter Geschäftsmodelle. Für deren Kunden ermöglichen sie Funktionserweiterungen und Prozessoptimierungen. Zur Realisierung der Vielzahl an Vorteilen bedarf es der Überwindung zahlreicher Herausforderungen. Der in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte Leitfaden umfasst eine schrittweise Darstellung der wichtigsten Handlungen während des Einführungsprozesses. Er richtet sich an Maschinen- und Anlagenbauer, die ihr derzeitiges Angebotsportfolio um digitale Produkte erweitern oder ergänzen möchten.
Systematik für Kennzahlen in der Produktion
Authors: Erlach Klaus , Böttcher Lena , Teriete Tim
Published: September 2022

Zur Bewertung der Produktion existieren viele heterogen definierte Kennzahlen. Für die zunehmende Digitalisierung der Datenerfassung und der Datenauswertung sind jedoch deren eindeutige Definition, Benennung und Berechnung zwingend erforderlich, weil nur so eine korrekte Implementierung möglich ist. Als systematische Basis wird hier mit der Kennzahlenpyramide erstmals eine klare Hierarchie der Produktionskennzahlen vom Messsignal bis zur Kennzahl höherer Ordnung eingeführt. Ferner werden die für die Produktion erforderlichen Kennzahlklassen abgeleitet und zur Verdeutlichung mit einheitlicher Nomenklatur versehen. Das neu eingeführte Flussdiagramm der Kennzahlenbildung für den Datenfluss von der Messung bis zur übergeordneten Produktionskennzahl zeigt, wie aus bloßen Daten Wissen erzeugt wird. Beispiele aus der Wertstromanalyse veranschaulichen dies als Grundlage für die Digitalisierung der Wertstrommethode.
Adaptive Steuerungssoftware für die frei verkettete Montage
Authors: Mathews Julius B. , Hort Simon , Schmitt Robert H.
Published: September 2022

Durch gestiegene Variantenvielfalt wird in der Linienmontage der Produktfluss erschwert, die Stationsauslastung sinkt und die Kosten steigen. Einen Lösungsansatz bietet die frei verkettete Montage. Hierfür wird die Linie ähnlich dem Werkstattprinzip neu angeordnet und durch fahrerlose Transportfahrzeuge gekoppelt. Dieser Beitrag erklärt die Herausforderungen der frei verketteten Montage und wie deren Potenziale durch die Implementierung einer adaptiven Steuerungssoftware gehoben werden können.
Automatisierter Stapelprozess zur Herstellung von Festkörperbatterien
Authors: Plocher Lorenz , Plumeyer Jan Felix , Wennemar Sarah
Published: September 2022

Batterien gewinnen als Energiespeicher im mobilen und stationären Umfeld zunehmend an Bedeutung. Eine vielversprechende Weiterentwicklung der aktuellen Lithium-Ionen-Batterietechnologie stellt die sogenannte Festkörperbatterie dar. Hier wird der flüssige Bestandteil der Batterie durch eine feste, zum Beispiel keramische, Schicht ersetzt. Der Einsatz neuer Materialien hat weitreichende Einflüsse auf die Produktionsprozesse. Unter anderem stellt die Handhabungstechnik der spröden keramischen Schichtverbunde die Produktionstechnik in der Großserie vor neue Herausforderungen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird daher ein automatisierter Stapelprozess von keramischen Festkörperbatterien untersucht. Als Ergebnis der praktischen Umsetzung konnten Handlungsempfehlungen für eine mögliche Skalierung des Stapelprozesses in einen industriellen Produktionsmaßstab abgeleitet werden.
Resenha: The Routledge Handbook of the Archaeology of Indigenous-Colonial Interaction in the Americas. PANICH, Lee M.; GONZALEZ, Sara L. (eds.), 2021.
Authors: Peixoto Sílvia Alves
Published: September 2022

PANICH, Lee M.; GONZALEZ, Sara L. (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of the Archaeology of Indigenous-Colonial Interaction in the Americas. London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. 578p.
MEASURES SUPPORTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SLOVAK SMES IN THE MOST VULNERABLE INDUSTRIES IN TIMES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Lesáková Ľubica , Vinczeová Miroslava , Kaščáková Alena
Published: September 2022

The anti-pandemic measures taken to prevent the spread of the coronavirus has slowed down the economic activities of many businesses. Particularly vulnerable are SMEs in industries hardest hit by the crisis. These are SMEs which, due to the nature of their activities, have seen their operations severely restricted or even had to shut down during the pandemic. Key to ensure their survival are government support measures. The aim of the paper is to find out whether there is a dependence between the industry in which SMEs operate and measures to support entrepreneurship in most vulnerable industries during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia and to assess whether the measures adopted by the government correspond to those proposed by SMEs in these industries. For the analysis, data from a survey conducted by the Slovak Business Agency in November 2020 on a sample of 1,109 Slovak SMEs were used. We identified the dependence of the above two characteristics, i.e., the industry and the support measures (distinguishing between measures implemented and measures proposed by SMEs) using the statistical analysis. To verify the correlation between the implemented measure and industry, the chi-squared test of independence was used. To determine whether the support measures adopted by the Slovak Government correspond to those proposed by SMEs, we used the correlation analysis, comparison and synthesis. The results confirmed no major differences between the type of industry and measures proposed by SMEs. Some minimal differences were identified in the most vulnerable industries (accommodation and catering). SMEs negatively assess that their views were not sufficiently taken into account when the measures were adopted by the Slovak Government and that they contain a number of exceptions and conditions under which the aid is provided. Irrespective of the type of industry, SMEs particularly call for the reduction or partial remission of levies, increase in the fixed cost allowance and in flat-rate aid calculated on the basis of the decrease in sales.
Insulinoma: a quarter century of dietary control
Authors: Boharoon Hessa , Navalkissoor Shaunak , Luong Tu Vinh , Caplin Martyn , Grossman Ashley
Published: September 2022

Insulinomas are rare pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) that are typically sporadic and solitary, with the majority being <2 cm in diameter at diagnosis. The median duration of symptoms before diagnosis is variable; however, this is usually in the region of 12–18 months. We report on an insulinoma diagnosed some 25 years following initial symptoms, having by that stage attained a diameter of 4 cm. We present a 50-year-old man who was reported with hypoglycaemic symptoms on his wedding 25 years prior to eventual confirmation of an insulinoma. He had since learned to live with the symptoms by eating frequently to manage his hypoglycaemia. However, over recent months, he reported a substantial deterioration in his symptoms, and indeed, had collapsed on two occasions. He had a fasting glucose of 2.9 mmol/L with grossly inappropriate elevated insulin and C-peptide levels. MRI demonstrated a 4.1 cm lesion at the body of pancreas and an indeterminate 9-mm liver lesion with a negative 68Gallium-DOTATATE PET scan. Accordingly, he was initiated on diazoxide and referred to the surgical team for distal pancreatectomy: histology confirmed a 4.4-cm well-differentiated pancreatic NEN of intermediate grade (NEN G2, Grade 2, 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) pancreatic-NEN classification), with positive immunohistochemistry for insulin. His hypoglycaemia episodes have ceased, and he remains under active surveillance. Our case demonstrates the possibility of dietary control of insulinoma-induced hypoglycaemia, and the likelihood that such a prolonged delay in diagnosis has led to the uncommonly large size of the apparently benign tumour which is usually ‘small and indolent’.

Learning points

Most patients with insulinomas have lesions that are 1–2 cm in size, with 96% being less than 3 cm.

The mean tumour size of insulinomas found in 3 of the largest reported series was 1.5 cm, with a range of 0.1–7.0 cm.

It is not uncommon for patients to have symptoms for several months to years before diagnosis; however, no reported cases had the symptoms such long for 25 years, and the large size of the tumour in this case may reflect the very long history.
Hypoparathyroidism: an uncommon adverse effect of treatment with durvalumab
Authors: Kreze Alexander , Homer Matěj , Barešová Tereza , Klemperová Kristina
Published: September 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies approved for the treatment of numerous cancer types. Toxicities induced by ICIs may affect any organ system and manifest as endocrinopathy. The main side effects related to treatment are immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially thyroid dysfunction and hypophysitis. Rare endocrine irAEs are diabetes insipidus, hypoparathyroidism, thyrotoxic crisis and hypogonadism. We report a case of hypoparathyroidism induced by ICI treatment with durvalumab, which has not previously been described.

Learning points

Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is associated with many endocrine side effects.

It is recommended that patients treated with ICIs are observed by an endocrinologist.

If side effects are treated accordingly, ICI therapy can continue.
Tumour volume is a predictor of lymphovascular invasion in differentiated small thyroid cancer
Authors: Vikneson Krishna , Haniff Tariq , Thwin May , Aniss Ahmad , Papachristos Alex , Sywak Mark , Glover Anthony
Published: September 2022

Objectives

For small thyroid cancers (≤2 cm), tumour volume may better predict aggressive disease, defined by lymphovascular invasion (LVI) than a traditional single measurement of diameter. We aimed to investigate the relationship between tumour diameter, volume and associated LVI.

Methods

Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) ≤ 2 cm surgically resected between 2007 and 2016 were analysed. Volume was calculated using the formula for an ellipsoid shape from pathological dimensions. A ‘larger volume’ cut-off was established by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using the presence of lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (N1b). Logistic regression was performed to compare the ‘larger volume’ cut-off to traditional measurements of diameter in the prediction.

Results

During the study period, 2405 DTCs were surgically treated and 523 met the inclusion criteria. The variance of tumour volume relative to diameter increased exponentially with increasing tumour size; the interquartile ranges for the volumes of 10, 15 and 20 mm diameter tumours were 126, 491 and 1225 mm3, respectively. ROC analysis using volume to predict N1b disease established an optimal volume cut-off of 350 mm3 (area under curve = 0.59, P = 0.02) as ‘larger volume’. ’Larger volume’ DTC was an independent predictor for LVI in multivariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7, P = 0.02), whereas tumour diameter > 1 cm was not (OR = 1.5, P = 0.13). Both the volume > 350 mm3 and dimension > 1 cm were associated with greater than five lymph node metastasis and extrathyroidal extension.

Conclusion

In this study for small DTCs ≤ 2 cm, the volume of >350 mm3 was a better predictor of LVI than greatest dimension > 1 cm.
Experimental investigation on performance of short pineapple leaf fiber reinforced tapioca biopolymer composites
Authors: Jaafar Jamiluddin , Siregar Januar P. , Oumer Ahmed N. , Hamdan Mohammad Hazim , Tezara Cionita , Salit Mohd Sapuan
Published: September 2022

The performance of short pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced tapioca biopolymer (TBP) composites were investigated, specifically the effect of fiber length and fiber composition on mechanical properties (tensile properties, flexural strength, and impact strength). Composite samples with different fiber lengths (< 0.50 mm, 0.51 mm to 1.00 mm, and 1.01 mm to 2.00 mm) and different fiber compositions (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) were prepared through crushing, sieving, internal mixing, compression molding, and machining processes. The combination of PALF and TBP enhanced the mechanical properties of composites with 30% as the optimum fiber content. However, the influence of different fiber lengths up to 2.00 mm provided no significant effect on producing maximum tensile properties. Good interfacial adhesion between PALF and TBP was evident from scanning electron microscopy analysis. Therefore, the combination of PALF and TBP has great potential as a renewable and biodegradable polymer. Moreover, PALF-TBP composites are expected to become alternatives to petroleum-based polymers.
Performance analysis of ternary composites with lignin, eucalyptus fiber, and polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Wang Lei , He Chunxia , Li Xiaolin , Yang Xin
Published: September 2022

To investigate the feasibility of replacing eucalyptus fiber with lignin, ternary composites (Lignin/Eucalyptus fiber/Polyvinyl chloride) were prepared by extrusion molding, and the effect of the lignin content on the wood-plastic composites was studied. The microstructure, functional groups, creep behavior, and thermal behavior of the ternary composites were analyzed. The results showed that the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength decreased with an increasing lignin content, whereas, the water absorption, creep resistance, hardness, and heat resistance of the ternary composites improved.
A Protocol for Exchange Information on the Base of Linear Functions and Operators
Authors:   Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Kryvyi Sergii L. , Nortman Yuliia O. ,   Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University
Published: September 2022

Introduction.Safety of human activity is required for almost every enterpriseinstitution, organization, bank, etc. Therefore, it is extremely important to have a possibility to transform the information in such a way that it becomes inaccessible to the malicious user. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to describe a protocol, based on linear function and operators properties, that allows to transmit the data in fast and secure way between two subscribers – sender and receiver. Methods. The simple message exchange protocol is based on the properties of operators in linear space and the complexity of algorithms for solving systems of linear homogeneous Diophantine equations in the set of natural numbers. Results. An application to transmit a message from sender to receiver in a secure way was developed. Conclusion. The complexity of the developed algorithm belongs to the polynomial class and complexity of decryption belongs to Exptime
Estimation of Ukraine’s losses from the military aggression of the Russian Federation: a macroeconomic dimension
Authors:   SI ",   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine"
Published: September 2022

At the end of March 2022, researchers of the Institute for Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine estimated the potential losses of Ukraine's national economy from the military invasion of the aggressor country. The results obtained are not final, as they only account the situation in the first month of the war. At the same time, they are quite informative in terms of presenting Ukraine's losses and the corresponding challenges this country is facing both in terms of consolidating available resources to protect state sovereignty and in terms of post-war economic reconstruction. The results obtained in the study have been sent to the central government. The paper is published in the journal without some information, which is removed for security reasons.
RESIDUAL EFFECT OF WATER-SOLUBLE C60 FULLERENE ON THE MUSCLE SOLEUS AND MUSCLE GASTROCNEMIUS CONTRACTION IN RATS WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF FATIGUE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Nozdrenko D.M. , Gonchar O.O. ,   O.O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physioligy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bogutska K.I. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Okhramovych M.M. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Pampuha I.V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Nurishchenko N.E. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Prylutskyy Yu.I. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

A comparison of biomechanical and biochemical markers of muscle soleus and muscle gastrocnemius fatigue in rats for two days after 5 days of using antioxidant C60 fullerene (daily dose was 1 mg·kg-1) was performed. It was shown that its long-term use to increase muscle strength response against the background of muscle fatigue by 60-65 and 35-40% in slow and fast muscle, respectively. The residual effect of water-soluble C60 fullerene on slow muscle remains significant (20-25%) even after 2 days after discontinuation of the drug. At the same time, its residual effect on fast muscle on the 2nd day remains at a minimum level, which does not significantly increase muscle performance. Prolonged usage of water-soluble C60 fullerene helps to reduce oxidative processes by 30-40% in fast and by 21-25% in slow muscles by maintaining a balance between prooxidants and antioxidant defense system. A comparative analysis of oxidative stress markers and indicators of the state of antioxidant defense systems in fast and slow muscles showed that the residual therapeutic effect of water-soluble C60 fullerene after long-term use is 30-40% higher in muscle soleus than in muscle gastrocnemius. The obtained results demonstrate the long-term kinetics of water-soluble C60 fullerene excretion from the body, which contributes to long-term (at least two days) compensatory activation of the endogenous antioxidant system in response to muscle stimulation, which should be considered when developing new therapeutic drugs based on it.
INTENSITY OF FREE RADICAL PROCESSES IN RAT SKELETAL MUSCLES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENT DIETARY SUPPLY WITH NUTRIENTS
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine, Voloshchuk O.M. , Kopylchuk Н.P. ,   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The intensity of free-radical processes in the skeletal muscles of rats at different dietary supply with protein and sucrose was studied. It has been established that the most pronounced intensification of free radical processes in the mitochondria of skeletal muscles is found in animals kept on a low-protein/ high-sucrose diet. In particular, the generation of superoxide anion-radical increases more than 5,3-fold and the generation of hydroxyl radical more than 3,2-fold compared with the control, more than a 14,3-fold increase in the carbonyl derivatives levels, and also decreases by three times in the free protein SH-groups levels against the background of a 1,7-fold decrease in catalase activity. It has been shown that excessive consumption of sucrose is a critical factor influencing the intensity of free radical processes in skeletal muscle mitochondria. The detected changes can be considered as prerequisites for skeletal muscle dysfunction under the conditions of nutrient imbalance.
REALIZATION OF ANXIETY AND AGGRESSION IN RATS WITH ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF ZOOSOCIAL CONFLICT
Authors:   SI “Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Veselovska O.V. , Shliakhova A.V. ,   SI “Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Levicheva N.O. ,   SI “Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Bevzyuk D.O. ,   SI “Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Berchenko O.G. ,   SI “Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Prikhodko O.O. ,   SI “Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The aim of the work was to study the features of the relationship between anxiety and aggressiveness in rats with alcohol dependence when modeling a long-term zoo conflict situation. Neuroethological studies were carried out using a multi-parameter method for assessing anxiety. Aggressiveness and submissiveness were studied when creating agonistic collisions as a result of conflict social interactions and psychoemotional stress in a confined space using the sensory contact technique and the “partition” test. Alcohol dependence in rats was caused by voluntary intake of alcoholized food. The experimental group consisted of rats subjected to alcoholization and agonistic collisions. The comparison group included rats with agonistic collisions. Alcoholization of rats increased the baseline low level of anxiety. Confrontational relationships caused in 54% of alcoholized rats a consistently high level of impulsive aggression together with the desired aggression and a decrease in anxiety. At the same time, 46% of rats exhibited submissive behavior. In animals that had a baseline low level of anxiety and were not subjected to alcoholization, manifestations of aggression were noted only in 30% of rats and they had a fading character in the dynamics of zoo conflict relations. Animals with a baseline high level of anxiety exhibited submissive behavior under these conditions. Thus, the role of a basic low level of anxiety in the formation of emotional disorders was shown: an increase in the level of anxiety in alcoholism and the dominance of impulsive and desired aggression in conditions of zoosocial conflict.
Diurnal Variation in Frequency and Severity of Croup in the Emergency Department
Authors: Walsh Patrick S. , Lipshaw Matthew J.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Emergency department (ED) presentation for croup is thought to occur more often at night, but evidence for its diurnal variation is sparse. Our objectives were to describe the diurnal patterns of ED presentation in children with croup and to determine whether time of arrival associated with severe clinical outcomes.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System. We included children 3 months to 11 years of age with an ED encounter for croup from 2016 through 2020. We quantified ED encounters by arrival hour and used generalized linear mixed-effects models to determine association between arrival time and racemic epinephrine use, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and revisits.

RESULTS

There was considerable diurnal variation in ED visits for croup. A total of 126 186 children (60.1%) presented to the ED at night (between 8 pm and 8 am), and 83 763 children presented during the day (39.9%). Peak arrival time was 12:00 am (14 189 encounters) and the nadir was at 2:00 pm (5231 encounters). Children presenting during overnight hours had increased odds of the use of racemic epinephrine (odds ratio [OR] 1.33; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.30-1.36), but reduced odds of hospitalization (OR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.73-0.78), ICU admission (OR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.58-0.68), and 3 day ED revisits (OR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.90).

CONCLUSIONS

Children with croup present to the ED more commonly at night. Children presenting to the ED with croup at night have greater odds of being treated with racemic epinephrine, but reduced odds of hospitalization, ICU admission, and return visits.
Yield Ratios of Isomeric Pairs \(^{196m,g}\)Au, \(^{186m,g}\)Ir, and \(^{183m,g}\)Os in the \(^{197}\)Au\((\gamma,xnyp)\) Reactions with 2.5 GeV Bremsstrahlung
Authors: Do Nguyen Van , Tran Dinh Trong , Kim Tien Thanh , Pham Duc Khue , Lee Hee-Seok , Kim Guinyun
Published: September 2022

The yield ratios of high to low spin states of the 196m,gAu, 186m,gIr, and 183m,gOs isomeric pairs produced by 197Au(γ,xnyp) reactions with a bremsstrahlung end-point energy of 2.5 GeV have been measured. Measurements were performed by the activation method in combination with off-line γ-ray spectrometry. The induced activity of the studied radionuclides was derived from the photo-peak area of the selected γ-ray after making the necessary corrections. The isomeric yield ratios obtained in this work are the first measurement. The relationships between the yield ratios of studied isomeric pairs with the value of high spin states, the spin difference between the high spin states and the target nucleus, and the number of nucleons emitted from the target nucleus are discussed.
Ölümcül Çocuk İstismarlarının Önlenebilirliği Üzerine Bir Araştırma: 40 Haber Olgusu Örneği
Authors: DOĞAN Beyhan
Published: September 2022

Bu makalede ölümcül çocuk istismarının çok boyutlu ve karmaşık durumunun son on yılda medyaya yansıyan ve anne-babaları tarafından öldürülen çocuk haberleri (olgular) üzerinden açıklanması ve tartışılması amaçlanmaktadır. Olguların meydana gelmesine yönelik risk faktörleri ve tetikleyicileri ortaya çıkarılarak ölümcül çocuk istismarlarının meydana gelmesine neden olan etkenlerin doğru değerlendirilmesi sağlanacaktır. Böylelikle çocuk koruma hizmetlerindeki önleyici mekanizmaların, bu alanda oluşturulacak sosyal politikaların doğru zamanda müdahalede bulunmasına yönelik öneriler oluşturulacaktır. Araştırmada içerik analizi tekniği nitel bir yöntem olarak kullanılmıştır. Ölümcül çocuk istismarı haberleri tematik içerik analizi kapsamında incelenip elde edilen verilerin sentezlenmesi ve yorumlanması yapılmıştır. Olguların tematik içerik analizi ile sentezlenmesi sonucunda, olguların meydana geliş biçimlerinin büyük ölçüde benzerlik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Olguların meydana geliş biçimlerinin belirli kategorilere ayrılması, bu kategorilerin de çocuk istismarı risk faktörleri ile uyumlu olması literatürdeki bilgileri doğrulamaktadır.20’si anne, 20’si de baba kaynaklı olmak üzere, ebeveynleri tarafından öldürülen çocuklara ait 40 haber kapsamında ölümcül çocuk istismarının gerçekleştiği durumlar araştırmanın çalışma grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada on yıldan daha eski olan olgular güncel durumların analiz edilerek sosyal politikalara güncel verileri sunması amacıyla dışlanmıştır. Verilerin doygunluğa ulaşmasıyla çalışma grubu kırk ebeveyn ile sınırlı tutulmuştur. Anneler tarafından gerçekleştirilen istismar vakalarında altta yatan nedenlerin başında psikolojik sorunlar, erken yaşta evlilik ve çocuk sahibi olma ile evlilik dışı bir birliktelik içerisinde bulunma gelmektedir. Paternal Filiside yol açan etkenler arasında boşanma ve ayrı yaşama ile ilgili sorunlar, ekonomik sıkıntılar ve madde kullanımına bağlı sorunlar bulunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak çocuk ihmal ve istismarı kontrol listesi de göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, bu vakaların hepsinin önlenebilir olduğuna ulaşılmaktadır. Ölümcül çocuk istismarlarının yaşandığı bu olgulara çocuk koruma uygulamalarında önleyici hizmetler kapsamında müdahalede bulunularak riskli durumlarda ailelerin desteklenmesi sağlanmalıdır.
Motion Planning Under Uncertainty with Complex Agents and Environments via Hybrid Search
Authors: Strawser Daniel , Williams Brian
Published: September 2022

As autonomous systems and robots are applied to more real world situations, they must reason about uncertainty when planning actions. Mission success oftentimes cannot be guaranteed and the planner must reason about the probability of failure. Unfortunately, computing a trajectory that satisfies mission goals while constraining the probability of failure is difficult because of the need to reason about complex, multidimensional probability distributions. Recent methods have seen success using chance-constrained, model-based planning. However, the majority of these methods can only handle simple environment and agent models. We argue that there are two main drawbacks of current approaches to goal-directed motion planning under uncertainty. First, current methods suffer from an inability to deal with expressive environment models such as 3D non-convex obstacles. Second, most planners rely on considerable simplifications when computing trajectory risk including approximating the agent’s dynamics, geometry, and uncertainty. In this article, we apply hybrid search to the risk-bound, goal-directed planning problem. The hybrid search consists of a region planner and a trajectory planner. The region planner makes discrete choices by reasoning about geometric regions that the autonomous agent should visit in order to accomplish its mission. In formulating the region planner, we propose landmark regions that help produce obstacle-free paths. The region planner passes paths through the environment to a trajectory planner; the task of the trajectory planner is to optimize trajectories that respect the agent’s dynamics and the user’s desired risk of mission failure. We discuss three approaches to modeling trajectory risk: a CDF-based approach, a sampling-based collocation method, and an algorithm named Shooting Method Monte Carlo. These models allow computation of trajectory risk with more complex environments, agent dynamics, geometries, and models of uncertainty than past approaches. A variety of 2D and 3D test cases are presented including a linear case, a Dubins car model, and an underwater autonomous vehicle. The method is shown to outperform other methods in terms of speed and utility of the solution. Additionally, the models of trajectory risk are shown to better approximate risk in simulation.
América indígena: Um estudo comparado sobre os direitos dos povos indígenas no MERCOSUL e na Comunidade Andina
Authors: Klein Vieira Luciane , Nardon Martins Lais
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo é guiado pelo seguinte problema de pesquisa: em que medida os processos de integração do Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL) e da Comunidade Andina (CAN) garantem e promovem os direitos dos povos indígenas? Para tanto, a pesquisa tem como objetivo geral o estudo dos direitos dos povos indígenas no MERCOSUL e na CAN. Objetivo esse que se concentra no estudo das normativas e informações prestadas pelos processos de integração analisados, discorrendo, no primeiro capítulo, sobre os direitos dos povos indígenas no MERCOSUL e, no segundo, sobre os direitos dos povos indígenas na CAN, analisando a historicidade dos blocos econômicos e os direitos de suas cidadãs e de seus cidadãos. Quanto à metodologia adotada, empregou-se os métodos de pesquisa normativo-descrito e comparativo, com as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Como resultado apresentado constatou-se que a integração andina se mostra mais avançada, pelo menos teoricamente, em termos de legislação indígena e políticas que envolvam a figura cidadã dos povos originários, muito embora não se tenha encontrado menção ao uso de idiomas indígenas como idiomas da CAN, o que sim se observa no MERCOSUL. Ambos os processos de integração possuem instituições próprias de representação dos povos indígenas, a exemplo da Reunião de Autoridades sobre Povos Indígenas (RAPIM), no MERCOSUL e do Conselho dos Povos Indígenas (CCPICAN), na CAN.
Better forest policies and management for sustainability transformations : How can expectations for forests be met?
Authors: Fernández Clara Antón , Blattert Clemens , Burgas Daniel , Eyvindson Kyle , di Fulvio Fulvio , Forsell Nicklas , Hartikainen Markus , Klein Julian , Lukkarinen Jani , Mönkkönen Mikko , Pitzén Samuli , Primmer Eeva , Snäll Tord , Toraño-Caicoya Astor , Vergarechea Marta , Øistad Knut
Published: September 2022

Nowadays we recognize that forests have a critical role in balancing our environment. Halting biodiversity loss, regulating climate, sequestering and storing carbon, and improving resilience against droughts, storms, pest outbreaks and other risks are among key ecosystem services. At the same time, forests provide a wide variety of products for the bio-based economy and for replacing fossil resources. Forests help regulate water and provide recreation. These multiple ecosystem services are discussed in several policies and strategies, with some defining specific targets. However, said policies rarely address the conflicts and links between these multiple demands. Rather, policies often primarily focus on prominent ecosystem services and are designed from specific interests, creating policy incoherence that renders policy targets unfeasible and even threatens sustainability of forest ecosystems.
Die transformasie van die Suid-Afrikaanse gevangeniswese tot 'n openbare instelling met positiewe vrede as waardestelsel
Authors: Lôtter C
Published: September 2022

Tradisionele benaderings in hoofstroomkriminologie formuleer misdaadbekamping as 'n voortdurende of voortslepende konflik waarin geweld as 't ware met geweld beveg moet word. In teenstelling hiermee word nuwer rigtings in kritiese kriminologie in hierdie artikel verken en onderskryf - benaderings wat positiewe vrede beskou as 'n effektiewe en blywende(r) "antwoord", selfs al is dit net ten dele, op die probleem van misdaad. Die ietwat onkonvensio-nele benadering in rigtings wat krities teenoor hoofstroomkriminologie staan, in die besonder die vertakking bekend as "vredemakende kriminologie" (Quinney en Pepinsky se bydrae), word in samehang met belangrike werk in die breër konfliktransformasiebeweging beskou. Op grond daarvan word betoog dat vrede wat op vreedsame wyse bewerkstellig word, groter voordeel inhou as die mislukte pogings tot dusver om geweld met geweld te (probeer) beveg. Dit verg egter 'n paradigmaverskuiwing. In hierdie bydrae word daar spesifiek gevra na die wenslikheid daarvan om die Suid-Afrikaanse gevangeniswese te transformeer van 'n openbare instelling wat negatiewe vrede (in die vorm van die afwesigheid van misdaad) verskans, tot 'n instelling wat positiewe vrede as 'n waardestelsel onderskryf. Hierdie waardevolle gedagte staan sentraal by Galtung. Daar word veral aan die hand gedoen dat die bekendstelling van oop gevangenisse (soos in Zimbabwe, Mosambiek en die Seychelle) en ander modelle wat in Suid-Afrika ondersoek word, 'n goeie tussentydse maatreël is. Wat sentraal staan in my redenasie rakende die trans-formasie van die gevangeniswese in Suid-Afrika, is dat so 'n voorstel slegs haalbaar is indien daar aan (vrygelate) gevangenes se basiese menslike behoeftes (Burton se belangrike bydrae) - werkverskaffing, respek, ens. - voldoen word. Teen die agtergrond van Pat Carlen se waarskuwing dat die rehabilitasieparadigma ontoereikend geword het weens politieke onwilligheid om grondliggende veranderinge aan te bring, word enkele besware oor die gevaar van 'n sogenaamde oorkoepelende "carceral spread" (aldus Foucault), gemik teen alternatiewe vir gevangenisstraf, oorweeg. Hierdie bespreking vind plaas in die konteks van die breër gevangenistransformasiediskoers hier te lande. Hoewel ek skepties staan teenoor die moont-likheid dat akademiese diskoers, soos hierdie bydrae, beleidsoorwegings wesenlik kan beïnvloed, doen ek nietemin aanbevelings in die hoop dat hierdie verkennende studie belangstelling in 'n vreedsame alternatief vir misdaadbekamping sal prikkel.
Курсовая и предметная системы биологического образования Российской империи
Authors: Zharova Ekaterina
Published: September 2022

Жарова Екатерина Юрьевна — кандидат биологических наук, ассистент кафедры зоологии и анатомии Брянского государственного университета им. академика И.Г. Петровского. Эл. адрес: caty-zharr@yandex.ru Адрес: Россия, 241036, г. Брянск, ул. Бежицкая, д. 14.Описывается история развития биологического образования на физико-математических факультетах российских университетов в XIX — начале XX в.Выделяются наиболее важные этапы становления и развития биологического образования: разделение физико-математических факультетов на математическое и естественное отделения, завершившееся в основном к концу 1840-х гг.; введение для студентов-естественников и медиков обязательных практических занятий в лабораториях, осуществленное после принятия университетского Устава 1863 г., который, кроме этого, дал возможность студентам естественных отделений специализироваться в области химии, геологии, географии, различных отделов биологии. Наиболее существенные изменения в учебный процесс внес последний университетский Устав 1884 г., который отменил привычные ежегодные экзамены, заменив их зачетами полугодий.На примере естественного отделения Петербургского университета рассмотрены изменения в образовательном процессе, которые произошли при переходе с курсовой на предметную систему в 1906/1907 учебном году. Показано, что введение предметной системы практически не изменило порядок прохождения университетского курса студентами-естественниками, поскольку еще ранее на факультетах практиковалась специализация внутри отделений. Подчеркивается, что в рамках как предметной, так и курсовой системы обучения начала XX в. российские студенты могли получить качественное биологическое образование, поскольку им была предоставлена возможность заниматься научными исследованиями в лабораториях с необходимым инструментарием в любом университетском центре.
EVALUATION OF NEUTROPHIL LYMPHOCYTE RATIO, PLATELET LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND MEAN PLATELET VOLUME IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Authors: KORKUT Süleyman
Published: September 2022

Objective The relationship between chronic inflammation and psychiatric disorders has been evaluated in previous studies. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet- lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) appear to be new markers for the evaluation of systemic inflammatory response. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the levels of NLR, PLR and MPV biomarkers in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) by comparing them with healthy controls, and also investigate the relationship between biomarkers and MDD. Material and Method This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 15, 2020 to May 15, 2021. The study was conducted with 92 patients with diagnosed MDD and 72 healthy controls who agreed to participate. The sociodemographic data form and SCID-5/CV form were filled out for each participant through face-to-face interviews with all participants. Additionally, Hamilton Depression Scale was applied to the patient group to determine the severity of MDB. Results Patients with MDD and healthy controls were compared in terms of the mean scores of NLR, PLR and MPV, and no statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p>0.05). Additionally, in the patient group, there was no statistically significant difference between the levels of depression severity (mild, moderate, severe) in terms of the mean scores of NLR, PLR, and MPV (p>0.05). Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate NLR, PLR and MPV biomarkers simultaneously in MDD patients by comparing them with healthy controls. In this study, it was found that there was no significant relationship between NLR, PLR and MPV levels and MDD. Additionally, it was determined that there was no relationship between the severity of depression and the aforementioned markers. Further studies investigating these and another biomarkers with prospective and larger studies will provide more insight into the inflammatory process in MDD.
ADE 2022 Day 2: PCR v2
Authors: Little Tom
Published: September 2022

DAY 2: ADE field practical instructions for PCR
Türkiye’de Bir Üniversitenin Su ve Soğutma Sistemlerinde Legionella Cinsi Bakterilerin Araştırılması
Authors: ÖZİŞ Merve , KAYA Hamide , BOZOK Taylan , TEZCAN ÜLGER Seda , ASLAN Gönül
Published: September 2022

ÖzetAmaç: Su sistemlerinde Legionella kolonizasyonu toplumsal ve hastane kökenli pnömoni insidansını etkileyen faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma ile tıp fakültesi hastanesinin yataklı servislerinin ve üniversiteye bağlı fakültelerin su ve soğutma sistemlerinde Legionella varlığının araştırılması amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Şubat-Ekim 2020 tarihleri arasında Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi yataklı servislerinin ve üniversiteye bağlı 11 fakültenin su ve soğutma sistemlerinden alınan 418 su ve sürüntü örneğinde Legionella cinsi bakterilerin varlığı araştırıldı. Örnekler BCYE besiyerine inoküle edildi ve üreme tespit edilen örneklerin lateks aglütinasyon testi ile tür ve serogrup düzeyinde identifikasyonları yapıldı. Ayrıca bu izolatların doğrulanması için rpoB dizi analizi yöntemi kullanıldı.Bulgular: Hastanenin yataklı servislerinden toplanan örneklerin (n=97) dördünde (%4.1), fakültelerden toplanan örneklerin (n=321) üçünde (%0.9) olmak üzere toplamda yedi (%1.67) örnekte Legionella cinsi bakteri izole edildi. Lateks aglütinasyon testi ile bu izolatlardan biri (%14.3) Legionella pneumophila serogrup 2-14, altısı (%85.7) Legionella pneumophila serogrup 1 olarak gruplandırıldı. Tür tanımlamaları dizi analizi sonuçları ile uyumlu bulundu.Sonuç: Yataklı servislerden alınan örneklerde fakültelere göre daha yüksek oranda Legionella pneumophila izole edilmesi büyük bir risk oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmamızdaki Legionella tespit oranı düşük olsa da su ve soğutma sistemlerinin dezenfeksiyonun, takip ve denetimin düzenli yapılmasının Legionella nedenli pnömonilerin azaltılmasında etkili olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.
SNN tabanlı çok seviyeli eşikleme ile görüntü erişimi
Authors: İNCETAŞ Mürsel Ozan , KILIÇASLAN Mahmut , RAHKAR FARSHİ Taymaz
Published: September 2022

Görüntü erişimi, dijital bir görüntü veri tabanından benzer veya özdeş görüntülerin indekslenmesi olarak tanımlanır. Benzer bir dijital görüntü aranırken görüntülerden elde edilen çeşitli öznitelik vektörleri kullanılır. Çünkü görüntülerin pikselleri üzerinde işlem yapmak maliyetli algoritmalar gerektirir. Ayrıca, erişim yaklaşımlarında kullanılan görüntülerin farklı boyutlarda olması olası bir problemdir. Bu nedenle, görüntüleri karşılaştırırken piksel düzeyindeki işlemler yetersiz kalmaktadır. Görüntüleri temsil eden vektörel yapılar gereklilik olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu vektörel yapıları elde etme sürecine özellik çıkarımı denir ve içerik tabanlı görüntü erişiminin en önemli aşamalarından biridir. Histogram ise görüntünün boyutlarından bağımsız ve kolaylıkla hesaplanabilen en temel öznitelik vektörüdür. Gri seviyeli görüntülerde histogramın boyutu öznitelik vektörü olarak kullanıma uygundur. Ancak, renkli görüntülerdeki üç farklı kanal, özellik vektörleri olarak kullanılmak için çok fazla veri içerir. Bu nedenle vektör boyutunu küçültmek kaçınılmaz bir işlemdir. Bu çalışmada, insan görsel sisteminden esinlenerek İğnecikli Sinir Ağı modeline dayalı yeni bir çok-seviyeli eşikleme yöntemi önerilmiştir. Önerilen model ile RGB renk kanallarının her biri için 3 ayrı eşik değeri belirlenmiş ve her bir renk kanalı 4 parçaya bölünmüştür. Böylece elde edilen renk paleti ile renk uzayı 64 farklı renge indirgenir. Önerilen yöntem, görüntü erişimi için yaygın olarak kullanılan çok seviyeli eşikleme yöntemleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar önerilen yöntemin başarısını açıkça göstermektedir.
Karakteristik Daging Tiruan (Meat Analog) dengan Optimasi Formulasi Substitusi Rumput Laut menggunakan Mixture Design
Authors: Riyanto Bambang , Syafitri Utami Dyah , Santoso Joko , Yasmin Endina Fatihah
Published: September 2022

Meat analog atau daging alternatif berbasis protein nabati telah memberikan preferensi konsumen akan pentingnya kesehatan. Potensi alami dengan karakteristik fungsional rumput laut menawarkan perspektif baru meat analog. Konsep rancangan serta strategi formulasi menjadi awal yang sangat penting. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan karakteristik daging tiruan (meat analog) dengan optimasi formulasi substitusi rumput laut menggunakan mixture design. Penelitian meliputi karakterisasi bahan penyusun, rancangan formulasi dan pembuatan daging tiruan, optimasi formulasi substitusi rumput laut menggunakan mixture design serta perbandingan karakteristik daging tiruan substitusi rumput laut dan meat analog komersial. Formula optimal daging tiruan menggunakan mixture design menghasilkan substitusi tepung rumput laut 45%, dengan proporsi tepung kedelai 40% dan tepung jagung 15%. Daging tiruan substitusi rumput laut memiliki bentuk burger ukuran diameter 5 cm, tebal 2 cm dan berat 50 g, sensori ketampakan berserat, berwarna cokelat kekuningan dan rasa khas daging. Karakteristik tekstur dengan nilai hardness 2.385,90±0,02 gf, springiness 0,83±0,01, chewiness 1,52±0,02 dan water holding capacity 6,19±0,04 serta kadar protein 10,16%±0,01, karbohidrat 46,79%±0,03 dan abu 2,50%±0,02, yang menyerupai meat analog komersial dan kepatuhan dengan SNI 8503-2018 mengenai burger.