bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spotting hidden sectors with Higgs binoculars
Authors: Blanke Monika , Kast Simon , Thompson Jennifer M. , Westhoff Susanne , Zurita José
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We explore signals of new physics with two Higgs bosons and large missing transverse energy at the LHC. Such a signature is characteristic of models for dark matter or other secluded particles that couple to the standard model through an extended scalar sector. Our goal is to provide search strategies and an interpretation framework for this new signature that are applicable to a large class of models. To this end, we define simplified models of hidden sectors leading to two different event topologies: symmetric decay, i.e., pair-produced mediators decaying each into a Higgs plus invisible final state; and di-Higgs resonance, i.e., resonant Higgs-pair production recoiling against a pair of invisible particles. For both scenarios, we optimize the discovery potential by performing a multi-variate analysis of final states with four bottom quarks and missing energy, employing state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms for signal-background discrimination. We determine the parameter space that the LHC can test in both scenarios, thus facilitating an interpretation of our results in terms of complete models. Di-Higgs production with missing energy is competitive with other missing energy searches and thus provides a new opportunity to find hidden particles at the LHC.
WIMP dark matter in the parity solution to the strong CP problem
Authors: Kawamura Junichiro , Okawa Shohei , Omura Yuji , Tang Yong
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We extend the Standard Model (SM) with parity symmetry, motivated by the strong CP problem and dark matter. In our model, parity symmetry is conserved at high energy by introducing a mirror sector with the extra gauge symmetry, SU(2)
R
× U(1)
R
. The charges of SU(2)
R
× U(1)
R
are assigned to the mirror fields in the same way as in the SM, but the chiralities of the mirror fermions are opposite to respect the parity symmetry. The strong CP problem is resolved, since the mirror quarks are also charged under the SU(3)
c
in the SM. In the minimal setup, the mirror gauge symmetry leads to stable colored particles which would be inconsistent with the observed data, so that we introduce two scalars in order to deplete the stable colored particles. Interestingly, one of the scalars becomes stable because of the gauge symmetry and therefore can be a good dark matter candidate. We especially study the phenomenology relevant to the dark matter, i.e. thermal relic density, direct and indirect searches for the dark matter. The bounds from the LHC experiment and the Landau pole are also taken into account. As a result, we find that a limited region is viable: the mirror up quark mass is around [600 GeV, 3 TeV] and the relative mass difference between the dark matter and the mirror up quark or electron is about

$$ \mathcal{O} $$

O

(1–10%). We also discuss the neutrino sector and show that the right-handed neutrinos in the mirror sector can increase the effective number of neutrinos or dark radiation by 0.14.
Black hole spectroscopy and AdS2 holography
Authors: Larsen Finn , Zeng Yangwenxiao
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We compute the spectrum of extremal nonBPS black holes in four dimensions by studying supergravity on their AdS2 × S
2 near horizon geometry. We find that the spectrum exhibits significant simplifications even though supersymmetry is completely broken. We interpret our results in the framework of nAdS2/nCFT1 correspondence and by comparing with dimensional reduction from AdS3/CFT2 duality. As an additional test we compute quantum corrections to extremal black hole entropy on the nonBPS branch and recover results previously determined using very different methods.
Enhancement of surface wettability via micro- and nanostructures by single point diamond turning
Authors: Cabezudo Nicolás , Sun Jining , Andi Behnam , Ding Fei , Wang Ding , Chang Wenlong , Luo Xichun , Xu Ben B.
Published: April 2019

Studies on surface wettability have received tremendous interest due to their potential applications in research and industrial processes. One of the strategies to tune surface wettability is modifying surface topography at micro- and nanoscales. In this research, periodic micro- and nanostructures were patterned on several polymer surfaces by ultra-precision single point diamond turning to investigate the relationships between surface topographies at the micro- and nanoscales and their surface wettability. This research revealed that single-point diamond turning could be used to enhance the wettability of a variety of polymers, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene 1000 (PE1000), polypropylene copolymer (PP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PFTE), which cannot be processed by conventional semiconductor-based manufacturing processes. Materials exhibiting common wettability properties (θ ≈ 90°) changed to exhibit “superhydrophobic” behavior (θ  >  150°). Compared with the size of the structures, the aspect ratio of the void space between micro- and nanostructures has a strong impact on surface wettability.
Neo-patrimonial practices and sustainability of authoritarian regimes in Eurasia
Authors: Shkel Stanislav N.
Published: April 2019

The article analyzes authoritarian regimes within the post-Soviet territory in terms of informal practices (clannishness, clientelism and patronage) and their characteristics used by political leaders to form a power coalition. It has been argued that any of these informal practices determine a power coalition of a certain size, which is consequential for regime sustainability. Power coalitions formed on the basis of a clan-like nature is the least effective way to retain power and generally leads to regime destabilization. Clientelism, which allows for forming a power coalition on a wider basis, is a more effective strategy in terms of regime sustainability. Maximum regime sustainability is reached when patronage practices are used, which require more material resources and are only accessible to a limited number of wealthy states.
Pregnancy loss and risk of later dementia: A nationwide cohort study, Denmark, 1977–2017
Authors: Basit Saima , Wohlfahrt Jan , Boyd Heather A.
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Pregnancy losses may be associated with increased risks of dementia.

Methods

We conducted a register‐based cohort study in 1,243,957 women with ≥1 pregnancy in Denmark in the period 1977–2015. Using Cox regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) comparing risks of dementia in women with and without pregnancy losses.

Results

During 21,672,433 person‐years of follow‐up, 261,279 women experienced a pregnancy loss, and 2188 women were diagnosed with dementia. Stillbirth was associated with an 86% increased risk of dementia overall (HR 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–2.71). By contrast, miscarriage was not associated with later risk of dementia overall (single miscarriage, HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.87–1.12; recurrent miscarriages, HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.84–1.35). Adjustment for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes did not meaningfully alter the association magnitudes.

Discussion

Stillbirth and dementia may share underlying mechanisms, suggesting that a history of stillbirth should be considered when assessing dementia risk in women.
FO system for high-level concentration of liquids by dehydration without heating or pressurisation
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: April 2019

Chemicals and materials science company Asahi Kasei Corp has developed a forward osmosis membrane system for the high-level concentration of liquids without heating or pressurisation. This brief article highlights the technology, which is targeted at the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Graphene research yields atomic-scale capillaries small enough to block the smallest ions
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: April 2019

In the November 2018 issue of Membrane Technology (pages 9–10) we reported that researchers in the UK, at the University of Manchester's National Graphene Institute (NGI), have found a way of using electric current to precisely control water flow through smart membranes made from graphene. Using this material, scientists at the NGI have now succeeded for the first time in making artificial channels just one atom in size. The structures could help in the development of cost-effective, high-flux filters for water desalination and related technologies. Here, we briefly look at this development, which again highlights how membrane technology can potentially benefit from the unique properties of graphene.
A New Route from Moral Disagreement to Moral Skepticism
Authors: RISBERG OLLE , TERSMAN FOLKE
Published: April 2019

Moral disagreement is sometimes thought to pose problems for moral realism because it shows that we cannot achieve knowledge of the moral facts the realists posit. In particular, it is ‘fundamental’ moral disagreement—that is, disagreement that is not due to distorting factors such as ignorance of relevant nonmoral facts, bad reasoning skills, or the like—that is supposed to generate skeptical implications. In this paper, we show that this version of the disagreement challenge is flawed as it stands. The reason is that the epistemic assumptions it requires are incompatible with the possibility of fundamental disagreement. However, we also present an alternative reconstruction of the challenge that avoids the problem. The challenge we present crucially invokes the principle that knowledge requires ‘adherence’. While that requirement is usually not discussed in this context, we argue that it provides a promising explanation of why disagreement sometimes leads to skepticism.
Online Repression and Self-Censorship: Evidence from Southeast Asia
Authors: Ong Elvin
Published: April 2019

Governments around the world have crafted new laws to threaten, arrest, prosecute and incarcerate online political activists. While the primary effect of online repression is to silence criticism and forestall collective action, a secondary effect is to induce self-censorship among the masses. Yet scant research examines how self-censorship works, nor discusses its implications for entrenching authoritarianism and encouraging democratic backsliding. This article proposes a simple expected utility model of self-censorship, arguing that citizens will more likely self-censor when the expected costs of online political expression outweigh its benefits. Analysing the fourth wave of the Asian Barometer survey of 10,216 respondents across eight Southeast Asian countries, I find that higher income politically engaged social media users are indeed less likely to express their political opinions. Additionally, this correlation holds in states where online repression is most severe, but is non-existent in countries where online repression is moderate or low.
Dimensions of triangulated categories
Authors: Rouquier Raphaël
Published: April 2019

We define a dimension for a triangulated category. We prove a representability Theorem for a class of functors on finite dimensional triangulated categories. We study the dimension of the bounded derived category of an algebra or a scheme and we show in particular that the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves over a variety has a finite dimension.
Herd factors influencing free fatty acid concentrations in bulk tank milk
Authors: Wiking Lars , Bjerring Martin , Løkke Mette Marie , Løvendahl P. , Kristensen T.
Published: April 2019

Free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations can be elevated in raw milk due to improper handling and management at the dairy farm, and high concentrations of FFA can lead to off flavors in milk. This study aimed to describe how the herd production system, milking system, feeding and technological factors impact on FFA concentrations in bulk tank milk. FFA concentrations in bulk milk samples from 259 organic and 3326 conventional herds were analyzed by FT-IR during one year. The FFA content was significantly lower in bulk milk from organic than conventional herds. This was most evident during the summer half-year when the organic cows graze pasture. Bulk milk from automatic milking systems (AMS) and tie-stalls contained greater concentrations of FFA than any other milking parlor systems. In AMS, high milking frequency was found to be the most significant contributor to elevated FFA content in milk. Moreover, a strong interaction was found between milking interval and production system (organic vs. conventional). The technical factors, pre-cooling, onset time for cooling after milk inlet, contact between milk and agitation also impacted on the FFA concentration, whereas other technical factors including centrifugal pump type, length and height of pumping line and type of AMS manufacturer were found to be without significant effect on FFA. Feeding variables, based on feeding plans and evaluation, only explained a small part of the variation in bulk milk FFA. Overall, this study demonstrated that AMS compared to other milking system contributes significantly to increased FFA concentration in bulk tank milk, and within AMS high milking frequency contributes to increased FFA concentration.
Exogenous phospholipase A2 affects inflammatory gene expression in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Kurz Jacqueline P. , Richards Mark P. , Garcia Matthew , Wang Zhongde
Published: April 2019

This Research Communication addresses the hypothesis that exogenously administered phospholipase A2 (PLA2) affects the inflammatory responses of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) in vitro with the aim of providing preliminary justification of investigation into the uses of exogenously administered PLA2 to manage or treat bovine mastitis. Primary bMEC lines from 11 lactating Holstein dairy cows were established and the expression of 14 pro-inflammatory genes compared under unchallenged and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged conditions, with and without concurrent treatment with bovine pancreatic PLA2G1B, a secreted form of PLA2. No differences in the expression of these genes were noted between PLA2-treated and untreated bMEC under unchallenged conditions. Following LPS challenge, untreated bMEC exhibited significant downregulation of CXCL8, IL1B, CCL20, and CXCL1. In contrast, PLA2-treated bMEC exhibited significant downregulation of IL1B and CCL20 only. These findings indicate that exogenous PLA2 affects the expression of some pro-inflammatory factors in immune-stimulated bMEC, but does not influence the constitutive expression of these factors. Further investigation of the influence of exogenous PLA2 in the bovine mammary gland is justified.
Dietary health and CVD: implications for dietary policy in England
Authors: Tedstone A. , Duval D. , Peacock E.
Published: April 2019

CVD is a major burden on the health system in the UK. On average, diets are not aligned with current dietary recommendations, including those for salt, saturated fat, fibre, fruit and vegetables. Obesity prevalence is high and the majority of the population is consuming more energy than required. Addressing these issues would reduce the burden of CVD and help reduce inequalities in health. There is currently a range of policy interventions in place in England designed to help improve diets and reduce obesity, which in turn should help reduce the risk of CVD. Further actions may be needed in the long term to deliver sustained improvements to diet and health.
Prendre part au siècle des Lumières. Le concours académique et la culture intellectuelle au XVIIIesiècle
Authors: Caradonna Jeremy L.
Published: April 2019

L’article propose une histoire culturelle du concours academique dans la France du XVIIIesiecle. Il met en avant trois arguments complementaires. Premierement, le concours academique etait une activite litteraire socialement diverse a laquelle participaient des milliers d’ecrivains amateurs ou professionnels, hommes et femmes, riches et pauvres. Deuxiemement, le concours etait peut-etre la pratique intellectuelle la plus democratique, permettant une participation a l’espace public des Lumieres. Enfin, les questions mises au concours par les academies touchaient souvent des sujets sociaux et politiques controverses. Tout compte fait, l’etude du concours academique offre un nouveau regard sur les Lumieres, en revelant une participation nombreuse et relativement egalitaire au debat intellectuel.
Le conclave des parieurs. Paris, opinion publique et continuité du pouvoir pontifical à Rome au XVIe siècle
Authors: Villard Renaud
Published: April 2019

À Rome, au XVIe siècle, les principales scansions d’un pontificat donnent lieu à d’innombrables paris, qui mobilisent des moyens financiers considérables et suscitent l’enthousiasme de toute la société romaine. Les bulletins des parieurs révèlent la probabilité, pour les joueurs, d’un événement: ce faisant, ils centralisent les rumeurs et informations. La multiplication anarchique de paris finit par brouiller la réalité: comme des papes meurent ou sont élus sur les comptoirs des parieurs, il devient difficile de distinguer les chronologies réelles, de savoir si le pape est élu ou mort. Cette disparition de l’événement réel a des conséquences politiques inattendues: en singeant les conclaves par les paris, la foule invente un rituel parallèle à même de combler les vacances du pouvoir. La continuité du pouvoir pontifical, la pacification politique des États pontificaux, doit paradoxalement beaucoup aux parieurs qui, par leurs jeux, s’octroyaient les attributs du pouvoir souverain. Dans le même temps se développe la crainte d’une élection pontificale guidée non par l’Esprit saint, mais par les intérêts financiers en jeu, ce qui conduit le pouvoir pontifical à interdire ces paris, à contrôler la parole publique à Rome, pour que le secret du prince ne soit pas confisqué par la rue.
Southside Medical Homes Network: Linking Emergency Department Patients to Community Care
Authors: Marr Amy L. , Pillow Tyson , Brown Stephen
Published: April 2019

Background: The 14 neighborhoods surrounding University of Chicago Hospitals (UCH) have both Chicago's highest “ambulatory-care-sensitive condition” hospitalization rates and lack of community-based care. To address these problems, in 2004, the Southside Medical Homes (SMH) Network began linking emergency department (ED) patients with 18 community providers. The ED-based patient navigator (patient advocate) is an integral component of this network, and both their current and developing roles will be discussed.

Methods: Six navigators worked in the UCH-ED approached eligible patients that are flagged by the ED electronic tracking system. Patients were offered the services provided by primary-care referral and appropriate dental, mental health, and substance abuse facilities. Appointments were scheduled, and pertinent ED medical data was faxed to the outlying sites. Navigator roles were expanding with SMH to include: (1) focus on frequent user/chronic disease populations such as sickle cell disease where advocates will expedite a multidisciplinary clinic referral; (2) navigator training to better inform patients of the specific benefits a “medical home” provides for preventive and psychosocial care; (3) and improving navigator, and secondarily, patient knowledge, of community resources: health-education sites, vocational programs, advocacy agencies, support groups, etc.

Results/Conclusions: Data through 01 July 2007 show a monthly average of 950 ED patients surveyed and 80% of these accepting follow-up referral services. Of those patients with ED-scheduled appointments (43%) in community clinics, network data shows patients returning to their referred providers: 39% of patients have been ≥2 times. The navigator role is evolving with the expansion of SMH to include: (1) frequent-user population referrals; (2) preventive health education; and (3) utilization of community resources.
The treatment of acute psychotic episode: discrepancy between routine practice and evidence. The project SIEP-DIRECT's
Authors: Lora Antonio , Corlito Giuseppe , Miceli Maurizio , Munzio Walter Di , Lasalvia Antonio , Tanini Andrea , Mari Luisa , Casacchia Massimo , Magnani Nadia , Cristofalo Doriana , Semisa Domenico , Ruggeri Mirella
Published: April 2019

Aims– To evaluate the quality of psychiatric care during the acute psychotic episode and the early post-acute period.Methods– Data concerning 24 indicators, drawn from NICE recommendations, were collected in 19 Departments of Mental Health, in the frame of the SIEP-DIRECT's Project to evaluate the implementation of NICE recommendations in Italian Mental Health Services.Results– The treatment of the acute episode in the Italian Mental Health Services is not based only on admissions in Psychiatric Ward in General Hospitals, but also on intensive home based care. The utilization of day hospital facilities for treating acute episodes is less frequent, as the presence of home based follow up after discharge. About of Departments of Mental Health did not have clinical guidelines concerning the pharmacological treatment in this area. However usually the standard practices followed NICE recommendations in terms of prescribed dosages, monitoring side effects and rationale for shifting to atypical antipsychotic drugs. Antipsychotic drugs, atypical or conventional, were frequently prescribed concurrently, while utilization of atypical antipsychotic drugs was increasing.Conclusions– The results show critical points concerning on one hand the scarce diffusion of clinical guidelines, on other hand the connection between standard practices, clinical guidelines and marketing of atypical antipsychotic drugs. It should be reinforced the role of the community and particularly at service level the capacity of community mental health teams to treat the acute patients.

Declaration of Interest:none.
The SIEP-DIRECT's Project on the discrepancy between routine practice and evidence. An outline of main findings and practical implications for the future of community based mental health services
Authors: Ruggeri Mirella , Lora Antonio , Semisa Domenico
Published: April 2019

Aims– To highlight the major discrepancies that emerged between evidence and routine practice in the framework of the SIEP-DIRECT's Project (DIscrepancy betweenRoutine practice andEvidence in psychiatricCommunityTreatments onSchizophrenia). The Project was conducted in 19 Italian mental health services (MHS), with the aims of: a) evaluating the appropriateness of the NICE Guidelines for Schizophrenia in the Italian context, b) developing and testing a set of 103 indicators that operationalised preferred clinical practice requirements according to the NICE Guidelines, and c) evaluating their actual application in Italian MHSs.Methods– The indicators investigated five different areas: common elements in all phases of schizophrenia; first episode treatment; crisis treatment; promoting recovery; the aggressive behaviour management.Results– The NICE recommendations examined were judged in most instances to be appropriate to the Italian MHS context, and the indicators fairly easy to use. The more severe and frequently encountered evidence-practice discrepancies were: lack of written material, guidelines, and information to be systematically provided to users; lack of intervention monitoring and evaluation; difficulty in implementingspecific and structured forms of intervention; difficulty in considering patients' family members as figures requiring targeted support themselves and who should also be regularly involved in the patient care process.Conclusions– The key actions to be undertaken to favour implementation of evidence-based routine practices are: focussing on mental illness onset and family support/involvement in care; planning training activities aimed at achieving specific treatment goals; encouraging MHS participation in evaluation activities; identifying thresholds for guideline application and promoting specific guideline implementation actions; and activating decision making and resource allocationprocesses that rely more strictly on evidence and epidemiological assessment. These considerations are of value for rethinking the model of community psychiatry in Italy as well as in other countries.

Declaration of Interest: None.
Childhood sexual abuse and psychosis: aetiology and mechanism
Authors: Bebbington Paul
Published: April 2019

The aim of this Editorial is to describe the association between child sexual abuse and psychosis, and to consider potential mechanisms for the association. The association is strongly supported by the literature. Evidence from a variety of sources is triangulated in order to create a plausible model of the link, which can then be used to direct future research. The mechanisms are certainly complex, and there is evidence of interacting contributions at genetic, neurophysiological, behavioural, cognitive and emotional levels. Child sexual abuse is an important antecedent in psychosis, both theoretically and clinically. At the theoretical level, it potentially illuminates mechanisms by which psychotic symptoms are generated, at the clinical level it opens possibilities for improving cognitive-behavioural approaches to treatment.

Declaration of Interest: None.
Predictors of employment status change over 2 years in people with schizophrenia living in Europe
Authors: Marwaha Steven , Johnson Sonia , Bebbington Paul E. , Angermeyer Matthias C. , Brugha Traolach S. , Azorin Jean-Michel , Killian Reinhold , Hansen Karina , Toumi Mondher
Published: April 2019

Aim– To examine the associations of job acquisition and loss in a representative, prospective community sample of people with schizophrenia living in the UK, France and Germany.Method– A representative sample of twelve hundred and eight people with schizophrenia were recruited from selected secondary mental health services in the U.K, France and Germany and followed up for 2 years. Information on demographic details, psychotic symptoms and work status was collected.Results– The odds of getting jobs were increased by being resident in Marseille, Leipzig, Hemer and Heilbronn and by a higher regional general population employment rate. The odds were reduced by living in Lyon, a later illness onset, a longer length of illness, a continuous illness course and more severe negative psychotic symptoms. Previous vocational training reduced the odds of losing employment, whilst living in Lyon or Leipzig, harmful use of alcohol and more positive psychotic symptoms at baseline all increased the odds.Conclusions– In addition to illness related factors, area of residence and local labour market conditions appear to be important in explaining employment status change in people with schizophrenia.

Declaration of Interest: All authors declare there are no conflicts of interest. This study was funded by grants from Lundbeck A/S and from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
Outcome reporting bias in clinical trials
Authors: Esposito Eleonora , Cipriani Andrea , Barbui Corrado
Published: April 2019

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are designed and powered to measure one single outcome, calledprimary outcome(Sibbald & Roland, 1998; Barbuiet al., 2007). The primary outcome is the pre-specified outcome of greatest clinical importance and is usually the one used in the sample size calculation (Accordini, 2007). In addition to the primary outcome, RCTs may have several other outcomes, calledsecondary outcomes. In contrast with the analysis of the primary outcome, the analysis of secondary outcomes and its interpretation may be complicated by at least two factors:

1)

the trial may not have enough statistical power to detect differences (so it is possible to incur in a type II error, that is failing to see a difference that is present);

2)

increasing the number of secondary outcomes generates the problem of multiplicity of analyses, that is the proliferation of possible comparisons in a trial (and increasing the number of comparisons increases the possibility to incur in a type I error, that is detecting significant differences by chance). For all these reasons, the results of the analysis of primary outcomes is considered less susceptible to bias than the analysis of secondary outcomes.
What have we learnt from 40 years of research on Intensive Case Management?
Authors: Marshall Max
Published: April 2019

The aims of the Editorial are to summarise what we know for certain from clinical trials of Intensive Case Management, and to highlight lessons for clinicians and researchers. I will upon two systematic reviews of trials of Intensive Case Management versus standard care or low intensity case management. Both incorporated a meta-regression which examined the effect of fidelity to the Assertive Community Treatment model on outcome. The effectiveness of Intensive Case Management was limited to improving patient satisfaction and reducing attrition. Intensive Case Management teams organised according to the Assertive Community Treatment model offered the additional benefit of reducing days in hospital, but only when the team's clients had been high users of hospital care over the previous 12 months. Four important lessons can be drawn: a) Changes to the process of care tend to affect process variables, not outcome variables. b) Complex interventions must be defined meticulously in clear terminology. c) Researchers must demonstrate that complex interventions have been properly implemented in clinical trials. d) It is important to remember that in a clinical trial a successful outcome is determined as much by the control group as by the intervention.
General Health Questionnaire-12 items: adaptation study to the Portuguese population
Authors: Laranjeira Carlos António
Published: April 2019

Aims – To assess the validity and reliability of the GHQ-12 in Portugal. Methods – Using a standard ‘forwardbackward’ translation procedure, the English language version of the questionnaire was translated into Portuguese. To test reliability the internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Validity was performed using convergent validity. Finally, the factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by performing principal component analysis using varimax rotation. Results – In all 790 undergraduates entered into the study. Reliability analysis showed satisfactory result (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.91). Convergent validity indicated a significant negative correlation between the GHQ-12 and social support scores as expected (r = -0.54, P < 0.001). The principal component analysis showed that the GHQ-12 was a measure with two-factor structure. Conclusion – The Portuguese version of the GHQ-12 has a good structural characteristic for measuring psychological well being.

Declaration of Interest: None.
Residential care: Dutch and Italian residents of residential care facilities compared
Authors: Heer-Wunderink Charlotte De , Caro-Nienhuis Annemarie D. , Sytema Sjoerd , Wiersma Durk
Published: April 2019

Aims – Characteristics of patients living in residential care facilities and the availability of mental hospital- and residential beds in Italy and The Netherlands were compared to assess whether differences in the process of deinstitutionalisation have influenced the composition of their residential patient populations. Methods – Data from the Dutch UTOPIA-study (UTilization & Outcome of Patients In the Association of Dutch residential care providers) and the Italian PROGRES-study were used. Results – Dutch residents were more likely to suffer from substance or alcohol abuse than Italian residents. The latter were more likely to suffer from schizophrenia or a related disorder, less likely to have experienced mental hospital admissions and showed an overall shorter duration of stay in residential care facilities. Contrary to our expectations Dutch residents, who still have good access to long stay beds in mental hospitals, are not less disabled than Italian residents. Finally, the number of beds in residential care facilities per 10,000 inhabitants in the Netherlands is twice (6) as high as in Italy (3). Conclusions – The Italian and Dutch deinstitutionalisation processes have resulted in a different availability in the number of residential beds. However, it did not influence the overall level of functioning of both residential populations.

Declaration of interest: An unconditional grant was received from the Alliance of the 22 Dutch independent residential care providers.
Reduced Electroencephalographic Coherence Asymmetry in the Chernobyl Accident Survivors
Authors: Zhavoronkova Ludmila A. , Kholodova Nina B. , Belostocky Alexey P. , Koulikov Mikhail A.
Published: April 2019

An electroencephalograph (EEG) study was carried out from 1990 to 2006, using power spectra, averaged coherence, and integral EEG coherence asymmetry coefficients to compare 189 clean-up workers of the Chernobyl accident with 63 age-matched healthy controls. Most of the Chernobyl workers showed three abnormal EEG patterns, as indicated by EEG power mapping. The higher power, most prominent in slow alpha and theta bands, or in fast alpha frequencies, were observed in persons 3-5 years after the clean-up works (the early stage). The lower EEG power in alpha band was found in Chernobyl workers 10 or more years after the accident (the late stage). EEG coherence analysis revealed the existence of two stages in EEG alterations following the Chernobyl clean-up. In the early stage, an increase of EEG coherence in the central brain areas was observed, whereas at the later stage, a decrease of EEG coherence, most prominent in the frontal brain areas, and reduced brain asymmetry prevailed. These results allow us to propose that the described EEG signs may be a reflection of radiation-induced brain dysfunction at the late period after the Chernobyl clean-up and were similar to the EEG markers of brain ageing. The results, in comparison to data of the literature, provide additional support to the premature brain ageing hypothesis in Chernobyl survivors as a result of the radiation brain damage after-effect.
Mental Workload and Visual Impairment: Differences between Pupil, Blink, and Subjective Rating
Authors: Recarte Miguel Ángel , Pérez Elisa , Conchillo Ángela , Nunes Luis Miguel
Published: April 2019

This research has two aims: (a) To study the concurrent validity of three measures of mental workload, NASA TLX rating scale, pupil dilation and blink rate, testing the hypothesis that they will provide convergent results using a single-task, and dissociative results for dual-task; and (b) To analyse their capability to predict visual search impairment. These three measures were analyzed in the same cognitive tasks in single-task and dual-task (cognitive task and visual search) conditions in a within-subjects experiment with twenty-nine participants. Mental workload measures showed concurrent validity under single-task condition, but a complex pattern of results arose in the dual-task condition: it is suggested that NASA TLX would be a subjective addition of the rating of each task; pupil dilation would measure the average arousal underlying the cognitive tasks; and the blink rate would produce opposite effects: whereas mental workload of cognitive tasks would increase blink rate, visual demand would inhibit it. All three measures were good predictors of visual impairment. The soundness of these measures is discussed with regard to the applied field of driving and other activities.
Anxiety, Depressed Mood, Self-Esteem, and Traumatic Stress Symptoms among Distant Witnesses of the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks: Transitory Responses and Psychological Resilience
Authors: Matt Georg E. , Vázquez Carmelo
Published: April 2019

Posttraumatic stress related to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and general psychological distress were examined in six cohorts of college students (N=5,412) enrolled at an American public university between Spring 2000 and Fall 2002 some 2,500 miles from New York. Consistent with data from Schuster et al.'s (2001) national survey, which used a very low threshold criterion, our findings revealed that 44% of women and 32% of men experienced at least one symptom of posttraumatic stress 6-17 days after the attacks. In contrast to these results, depression levels showed only small differences, and self-esteem and trait anxiety showed no changes. Findings indicate that 9/11-related stress responses among distant witnesses were very mild, transitory and focused in scope, suggesting resilience with respect to broader psychological and psychopathological reactions. Findings are discussed with respect to the role of physical and psychological proximity on the reactions to traumatic events in the general population.
Maternity “Blues”: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Faisal-Cury Alexandre , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Tedesco Jose Júlio A , Kahalle Soubhi , Zugaib Marcelo
Published: April 2019

Objectives: estimate the prevalence and track the risk factors associated with, Maternity blues (MB).

Methods: a transversal study was performed with 113 women, on the tenth day of puerperium. The following instruments were used: Pitt Scale (1968), Stein (1980), Inventory for stressful life events by Holmes & Rahe (1967), and a questionnaire with sociodemographic and obstetric data.

Results: the prevalence of MB was 32.7% according to the Stein scale. In the univariated analysis, civil status and tobacco use were associated with MB. Legally married women and nonsmokers showed a risk approximately 4 times lower of experiencing the problem.

Conclusions: MB was very prevalent in this sample. Obstetricians must be aware of this condition which may be associated with postpartum depression.
Reconstruction of Grains in Polycrystalline Materials From Incomplete Data Using Laguerre Tessellations
Authors: Petrich Lukas , Staněk Jakub , Wang Mingyan , Westhoff Daniel , Heller Luděk , Šittner Petr , Krill Carl E. , Beneš Viktor , Schmidt Volker
Published: April 2019

Far-field three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy allows for quick measurement of the centers of mass and volumes of a large number of grains in a polycrystalline material, along with their crystal lattice orientations and internal stresses. However, the grain boundaries—and, therefore, individual grain shapes—are not observed directly. The present paper aims to overcome this shortcoming by reconstructing grain shapes based only on the incomplete morphological data described above. To this end, cross-entropy (CE) optimization is employed to find a Laguerre tessellation that minimizes the discrepancy between its centers of mass and cell sizes and those of the measured grain data. The proposed algorithm is highly parallel and is thus capable of handling many grains (>8,000). The validity and stability of the CE approach are verified on simulated and experimental datasets.
HYPERREFLEXIVITY CONSTANTS OF THE BOUNDED -COCYCLE SPACES OF GROUP ALGEBRAS AND C*-ALGEBRAS
Authors: SAMEI EBRAHIM , FARSANI JAFAR SOLTANI
Published: April 2019

We introduce the concept of strong property $(\mathbb{B})$ with a constant for Banach algebras and, by applying a certain analysis on the Fourier algebra of the unit circle, we show that all C*-algebras and group algebras have the strong property $(\mathbb{B})$ with a constant given by $288\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}(1+\sqrt{2})$. We then use this result to find a concrete upper bound for the hyperreflexivity constant of ${\mathcal{Z}}^{n}(A,X)$, the space of bounded $n$-cocycles from $A$ into $X$, where $A$ is a C*-algebra or the group algebra of a group with an open subgroup of polynomial growth and $X$ is a Banach $A$-bimodule for which ${\mathcal{H}}^{n+1}(A,X)$ is a Banach space. As another application, we show that for a locally compact amenable group $G$ and $1<p<\infty$, the space $CV_{P}(G)$ of convolution operators on $L^{p}(G)$ is hyperreflexive with a constant given by $384\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{2}(1+\sqrt{2})$. This is the generalization of a well-known result of Christensen [‘Extensions of derivations. II’, Math. Scand. 50(1) (1982), 111–122] for $p=2$.
What you think you know can hurt you: under/over confidence in financial knowledge and preparedness for retirement
Authors: Angrisani Marco , Casanova Maria
Published: April 2019

We study whether retirement preparedness of overconfident individuals – those with high self-rated but low objective financial knowledge – and underconfident individuals – those with low self-rated but high objective financial knowledge – differs from that of individuals for whom self-assessed and actual knowledge align. We find that overconfident individuals fare no different than others with similarly low levels of objective financial knowledge in terms of retirement preparedness, while they are less interested in improving their knowledge. Underconfident individuals exhibit worse economic outcomes than others with similarly high financial knowledge but show interest in learning more about retirement. Our results suggest that accompanying financial literacy campaigns with initiatives that increase awareness of one's actual knowledge may be an effective lever to encourage the overconfident to increase their financial competence and to prove to the underconfident that they have sufficient skills to start planning their financial future.
Detection of Linkage Between Solar and Lunar Cycles and Runoff of the World's Large Rivers
Authors: Dai Zhijun , Du Jinzhou , Tang Zhenghong , Ou Suying , Brody Samuel , Mei Xuefei , Jing Jietai , Yu Shoubing
Published: April 2019

It is an ongoing concern that global hydrological cycle can be likely intensified under context of climate change and anthropogenic actions. Here, our results show that the solar and lunar periodic motions (SLPMs) have substantial impact on the runoff of the world's large rivers. We estimate that SLPMs can produce a change of the world's large rivers runoff by as much as 6.7%. Although climate models suggest that the increased frequency of extreme events is attributed to anthropogenic activities, it is out of our expectation that as much as 73% and 85% of the extreme flood and drought events (based on runoff discharged to the ocean) appear in resonance with SLPMs, respectively. A reevaluation of impacts of SLPMs on changes in the world's river runoff is urgently needed, especially when extreme drought and flood events are on the rise.
Landers 1992 “Reloaded”: Integrative Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Modeling
Authors: Wollherr Stephanie , Gabriel Alice‐Agnes , Mai P. Martin
Published: April 2019

The 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers earthquake is perhaps one of the best studied seismic events. However, many aspects of the dynamics of the rupture process are still puzzling, for example, the rupture transfer between fault segments. We present 3‐D spontaneous dynamic rupture simulations, incorporating the interplay of fault geometry, topography, 3‐D rheology, off‐fault plasticity, and viscoelastic attenuation. Our preferred scenario reproduces a broad range of observations, including final slip distribution, shallow slip deficits, and mapped off‐fault deformation patterns. We demonstrate good agreement between synthetic and observed waveform characteristics and associated peak ground velocities. Despite very complex rupture evolution, ground motion variability is close to what is commonly assumed in Ground Motion Prediction Equations. We examine the effects of variations in modeling parameterization within a suite of scenarios including purely elastic setups and models neglecting viscoelastic attenuation. Source dynamics of all models include dynamic triggering over large distances and direct branching; rupture terminates spontaneously on most of the principal fault segments. Sustained dynamic rupture of all fault segments in general, and rupture transfers in particular, constrain amplitude and orientation of initial fault stresses and friction. We conclude that physically consistent in‐scale earthquake rupture simulations can augment earthquake source observations toward improving the understanding of earthquake source physics of complex, segmented fault systems.
A review of neuroeconomic gameplay in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Robson Siân E. , Repetto Linda , Gountouna Viktoria-Eleni , Nicodemus Kristin K.
Published: April 2019

Abnormalities in social interaction are a common feature of several psychiatric disorders, aligning with the recent move towards using Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) to describe disorders in terms of observable behaviours rather than using specific diagnoses. Neuroeconomic games are an effective measure of social decision-making that can be adapted for use in neuroimaging, allowing investigation of the biological basis for behaviour. This review summarises findings of neuroeconomic gameplay studies in Axis 1 psychiatric disorders and advocates the use of these games as measures of the RDoC Affiliation and Attachment, Reward Responsiveness, Reward Learning and Reward Valuation constructs. Although research on neuroeconomic gameplay is in its infancy, consistencies have been observed across disorders, particularly in terms of impaired integration of social and cognitive information, avoidance of negative social interactions and reduced reward sensitivity, as well as a reduction in activity in brain regions associated with processing and responding to social information.
CO2 conversion to methane and biomass in obligate methylotrophic methanogens in marine sediments
Authors: Yin Xiuran , Wu Weichao , Maeke Mara , Richter-Heitmann Tim , Kulkarni Ajinkya C , Oni Oluwatobi E , Wendt Jenny , Elvert Marcus , Friedrich Michael W
Published: April 2019

Methyl substrates are important compounds for methanogenesis in marine sediments but diversity and carbon utilization by methylotrophic methanogenic archaea have not been clarified. Here, we demonstrate that RNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) requires 13C-labeled bicarbonate as co-substrate for identification of methylotrophic methanogens in sediment samples of the Helgoland mud area, North Sea. Using lipid-SIP, we found that methylotrophic methanogens incorporate 60–86% of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) into lipids, and thus considerably more than what can be predicted from known metabolic pathways (~40% contribution). In slurry experiments amended with the marine methylotroph Methanococcoides methylutens, up to 12% of methane was produced from CO2, indicating that CO2-dependent methanogenesis is an alternative methanogenic pathway and suggesting that obligate methylotrophic methanogens grow in fact mixotrophically on methyl compounds and DIC. Although methane formation from methanol is the primary pathway of methanogenesis, the observed high DIC incorporation into lipids is likely linked to CO2-dependent methanogenesis, which was triggered when methane production rates were low. Since methylotrophic methanogenesis rates are much lower in marine sediments than under optimal conditions in pure culture, CO2 conversion to methane is an important but previously overlooked methanogenic process in sediments for methylotrophic methanogens.
Phase separations induced by a trapping potential in one-dimensional fermionic systems as a source of core-shell structures
Authors: Cichy Agnieszka , Kapcia Konrad Jerzy , Ptok Andrzej
Published: April 2019

Ultracold fermionic gases in optical lattices give a great opportunity for creating different types of novel states. One of them is phase separation induced by a trapping potential between different types of superfluid phases. The core-shell structures, occurring in systems with a trapping potential, are a good example of such separations. The types and the sequences of phases which emerge in such structures can depend on spin-imbalance, shape of the trap and on-site interaction strength. In this work, we investigate the properties of such structures within an attractive Fermi gas loaded in the optical lattice, in the presence of the trapping potential and their relations to the phase diagram of the homogeneous system. Moreover, we show how external and internal parameters of the system and parameters of the trap influence their properties. In particular, we show a possible occurrence of the core-shell structure in a system with a harmonic trap, containing the BCS and FFLO states. Additionally, we find a spatial separation of two superfuild states in the system, one in the BCS limit as well as the other one in the tightly bound local pairs (BEC) regime.