bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-perceived oral health
Authors: Corrêa Solange Schroeder , Martinello Poliana Alexandra , Carneiro Dominique Ellen , Sánchez-Ayala Alfonso , Campanha Nara Hellen
Published: March 2024

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-perceived oral health and the prosthetic status of individuals who seek care in prosthodontics clinics. Methods: Self-perceived oral health was analyzed through the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Abutment tooth mobility was assessed, and denture status was determined by clinical assessment of stability, retention, occlusal balance, vertical dimension, and integrity of dentures. The frequency of individuals in each variable was determined for the low and very low GOHAI conditions. Chi-square, Pearson, and stepwise logistic regression tests were used for the statistical analyses (α = 0.05). Results: Ninety wearers of removable dentures with a mean age of 55.1±9.1 years were evaluated. None of the variables was related to GOHAI values (p > 0.05). The regression analysis showed that age predicts (p = 0.006) the variation of GOHAI conditions (OR = 0.924, CI = 0.873- 0.978), showing only 7.6% protective effect against very low GOHAI. Unsatisfactory stability showed the opposite effect (p = 0.034) and the individuals with this characteristic are more likely (OR = 3.055) to have very low GOHAI scores (CI = 1.085- 8.602). Conclusions: The self-perceived oral health of wearers of removable dentures worsens with age and unsatisfactory stability of dentures.
Navigating the global nursing shortage: collaborative strategies for education and mobility
Authors: Sommers Christine L.
Published: March 2024

Navigating the Global Nursing Shortage: Collaborative Strategies for Education and Mobility
The Impact of Age Over 80 Years on Outcomes in Geriatric Patients with Acute Pancreatitis: A Single Center Experience
Authors: ŞIVGIN Hakan , ŞAHİN Abdurrahman
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognosis and mortality of acute pancreatitis (AP) in older subjects and compare octogenarians (≥80 years) with nonoctogenarians (age <80 years). The medical records of elderly patients who were followed up with the diagnosis of AP at our clinic between January 2018 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The etiology of AP, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality were noted. Among survivors, one-year mortality status was also recorded. Disease severity, in-hospital mortality and one-year mortality were compared. A total of 206 older patients (60 octogenarian, 146 nonoctogenariean) were recruited to the study. Of them, 115 (56%) were female and the mean age was 76.1±7.3 years. Severity of AP didn’t differ between octogenarians and nonctogenarians (p>0.05). ICU admission was seen in 13% of octogenarians and 11% of nonoctogenarians (p>0.05). In-hospital mortality occurred in 8.3% of octogenarians and 6.8% of nonoctogenarians (p>0.05). After discharge, one-year mortality occurred in 20% of octogenarians and 6.6% of nonoctogenarians (p<0.01). In multivariate analysis severe AP (OR:24.940;%95CI:1.013–95.609; p=0.01), ICU admission (OR:10.244;%95CI:1.399–74.990; p=0.01) and chronic kidney disease(CKD) (OR:9.840;%95CI:1.013–95.609; p=0.04) were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality, and ≥80 years (OR:2.984;%95 CI:1.116–7.980; p =0.03) and neurological disorders (OR:4.424;%95CI:1.480–13.226; p <0.01) were independent factors related to one-year mortality. Our results showed that advenced age has not a significant effect on the course of AP in elderly. Comorbidities play important role in short- and long-term outcomes in elderly. Larger prospective trials are needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
İntensif Tedaviye Uygun Olmayan Akut Myeloid Lösemi Hastalarında Hipometilleyici Ajan Venetoklaks Kombinasyonu Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ALP KIRKIZLAR Tuğcan , DEMİR Ahmet Muzaffer
Published: March 2024

Ortanca tanı yaşı 68 olan akut myeloid lösemide (AML) intensif tedavi adayı olamayan ileri yaş grubunda sağkalım süresi belirgin olarak düşüktür. Günümüzde bu hasta grubu için standart tedavi haline gelen hipometilleyici ajan-venetoklaks (HMA-V) kombinasyonuyla sağkalım süresi ve yaşam kalitesi artmıştır. Biz de merkezimizde intensif tedaviye uygun olmayan AML hasta grubunda HMA-V kombinasyon tedavisi sonuçlarını incelemeyi amaçladık. Çalışmaya dahil edilen 37 hastanın ortanca yaşı 70.2 yıl ve %51.4’ ü kadın idi. Hastaların %73’ü de novo lösemi olup 4 hasta nüks, 1 hasta azasitidin sonrası refrakter hastalıktı. Remisyon sağlanan 2 hastaya intensif tedavi intoleransı/yan etkisi nedeniyle HMA-V kombinasyonu verildi. Azasitidin kullanım oranı %78.6 idi. Ortanca kurs sayısı 3 idi. 1. veya 2. kurs sonunda kemik iliği değerlendirmesinde remisyon oranı %51.4 olarak bulundu. Ortalama izlem süresi 11.9 ay olup hastaların %56.75’i hayatını kaybetti. Sağkalım analizlerinde ortalama ve ortanca yaşam süreleri 18 ve 13 ay olarak saptandı. Ortalama yaşam süreleri remisyon sağlananlarda, sağlanamayanlarda ve değerlendirilemeyenlerde sırasıyla 27.1, 4.1 ay ve ve 7.5 ay idi ve gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık saptandı (p <0.001). Azasitidin ile ortalama ve ortanca yaşam süreleri 22.03 ve 23 ay iken, desitabin ile bu süreler sırasıyla 3.87 ve 3 ay idi ve belirgin istatiksel farklılık mevcuttu (p <0.001). Cox regresyon multivariate analizinde mortalite üzerinde etkili tek faktör 1./2. siklus sonu değerlendirmesinde remisyonda olmamak olarak bulundu (p 0.004). Sonuç olarak, merkezimizin sağkalım ve remisyon oranları gerçek yaşam çalışmalarıyla benzer olarak bulunmuştur.
Perancangan Sistem Monitoring Kualitas Daya Pada Panel Saklar Tegangan Rendah Secara Real-Time Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Rahmawati Yosy , Ramadhan Akbar Nicko , Kadarina Trie Maya
Published: March 2024

Jumlah gardu distribusi pada jaringan distribusi tegangan rendah yang banyak dan lokasinya yang tersebar menyebabkan inspeksi pengukuran pada panel hubung tegangan rendah hanya bisa dilakukan satu sampai tiga bulan sekali.  Hal itu menjadi kendala untuk merencanakan pemeliharaan preventif karena data pengukuran yang didapatkan terlalu lama waktunya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan membuat suatu sistem monitoring yang dapat dioperasikan dari jarak jauh dan setiap waktu. Dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi berupa Internet of Things (IoT) dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi sistem monitoring yang bisa diakses secara real-time dengan konektivitas internet. Pada penelitian ini terdapat dua input sensor, yaitu sensor PZEM-004T dan sensor suhu DS18B20. Kedua sensor tersebut dihubungkan dengan NodeMCU Esp8266 sebagai mikrokontroler. Output dari sistem ini, menampilkan nilai tegangan, arus, frekuensi, dan suhu secara real-time yang dapat dilihat di aplikasi Telegram dan Google Sheet sebagai database. Hasil pengujian dari sistem monitoring ini menunjukkan nilai eror dari sensor PZEM-004T untuk pengukuran tegangan yaitu 0,17% di fasa R, 0,15% di fasa S dan 0,13% di fasa T, untuk pengukuran arus yaitu 3,5% di fasa R, 2,5% di fasa S, dan 2% di fasa T, sedangkan untuk pengukuran frekuensi nilai eror yaitu 0,06% untuk fasa R, 0,07% untuk fasa S, dan 0,05 untuk fasa T. Nilai eror sensor DS18B20 untuk pengukuran suhu yaitu sebesar 3,3%. Nilai eror komponen – komponen pengukuran pada alat monitoring kualitas daya secara real-time ini di bawah 5% yang menunjukkan komponen – komponen tersebut dapat berfungsi dengan baik.
The level of agreement between self-assessments and expert assessments of melanocytic nevus counts: Findings from an evaluation of 4548 blinded double assessments
Authors: Gefeller Olaf , Kaiser Isabelle , Brockmann Emily M. , Uter Wolfgang , Pfahlberg Annette B.
Published: March 2024

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a candidate for screening programs, since its prognosis is excellent when diagnosed in an early disease stage. Targeted screening of those at high risk for developing CM, a cost-effective alternative to population-wide screening, requires valid procedures to identify the high-risk group. Self-assessment of the number of nevi has been suggested as a component of such procedures, but its validity has not yet been established. We analyzed the level of agreement between self-assessments and expert assessments of the number of melanocytic nevi in the area between the wrist and the shoulder of both arms based on 4548 study subjects in whom mutually blinded double counting of nevi was performed. Nevus counting followed the IARC protocol. Study subjects received written instructions, photographs, a mirror, and a “nevometer” to support self-assessment of nevi larger than 2 mm. Nevus counts were categorized based on the quintiles of the distribution into five levels defining a nevus score. Cohen’s weighted kappa-coefficient was estimated to measure the level of agreement. In the total sample, agreement between self-assessments and expert-assessments was moderate (raw agreement: 50.29%, weighted κ=0.596). Self-assessed nevus counts were higher than those determined by experts (mean differ-ence: 3.33 nevi). The level of agreement was independent of sociodemographic and cutaneous factors; however, participants’ eye color had a significant impact on the level of agreement. Our findings show that even with comprehensive guidance, only a moderate level of agreement between self-assessed and expert-assessed nevus counts can be achieved. Self-assessed nevus information does not appear to be reliable enough to be used in individual risk assessment to target screening activities.
A Novel Low-Tech Water Treatment System to Provide Safe Water for the Rural Poor
Authors: McBean Edward
Published: March 2024

While providing safe water for the rural poor is considered a basic human right, there are numerous issues associated with existing technologies with shortcomings. Performance issues have continued to fail to meet the needs of impoverished families due to issues including high cost, difficulties with performance, and continuing needs for maintenance. These issues have severely interfered the safe water accessibility. Key aspects of the Guelph Water Filter (GWF) system can avoid/minimize many of these issues. The GWF as described herein enables delivery of low cost, long-term performance at 3Log removal of E.coli and can deliver 1 to 3 L of treated water per hour. The GWF is simple to operate, has an ability to provide sufficient water for a family, maintains longevity of performance, is easy to maintain and has protection against breakage during the cleaning process, is repairable at village level, and operates using a sizable reservoir of water to supply raw water, meaning the technology does not need to be refilled frequently. Hence, the capability of the novel GWF technology is shown to bypass many of the troublesome features of alternative low-tech water treatment technologies. The potential for the GWF to function for 2 days continuously avoids the need for young girls to fetch raw water frequently during a day, thereby enabling them to attend school. Hence, the GWF enhances the potential to result in ‘safe water and full schools’, providing the opportunity for girls to receive education and capture socio-economic benefits for the community.
The Evolutionary Foundations of Animal Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms
Authors: Coyle Maxwell , King Nicole
Published: March 2024

Animals are distinguished by their complex developmental programs, in which transcription factors play essential roles in coordinating the regulation of the genome. Thus, it has been hypothesized that animal origins involved the evolution of increasingly complex transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that permit greater spatiotemporal control over gene expression. Here, we revisit this hypothesis in light of new genomic and functional data from diverse phylogenetically-relevant taxa, including early branching animals (sponges, ctenophores) and close relatives of animals (choanoflagellates, filastereans, ichthyosporeans). We argue that many of the mechanisms posited to explain animal transcriptional complexity, such as large increases in transcription factor numbers, new transcription factor families, and distal enhancers, did not factor significantly into animal origins. Instead, we propose that the re-purposing of pre-existing transcriptional regulatory modules through cis-regulatory evolution and gene duplication events, combined with new protein-protein interactions among TFs, may have been fundamental to the transcriptional regulatory architecture of the first animals.
Epidemiological investigation of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Bahrain
Authors: Al-Majali Ahmad , Rahman Atiqur , Al Kazaz Shereen Adel , Mohammed Zainab Abdulhussain , Mohammed Mohammed Hamdy , Al Hashim Hassan Jawad , Salman Kareem , Makki Ali Hussain , Al Saloom Fajur Sabah , Al Haiki Abbas Abdulla , Tibbo Markos
Published: March 2024

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is one of the major transboundary animal diseases that severely impact livestock production and trade worldwide. An investigation was carried into the seroprevalence and risk factors of PPR in small ruminants, camels, and wild ruminants in Bahrain. A total of 1240 serum samples were collected from 119 sheep flocks and 1224 serum samples from 125 goat herds. In addition, 100 sera from camels and 38 sera from wild ruminants, were collected. Serum samples were tested for the presence of PPR specific antibodies using a competitive ELISA. Flock management and health information of the flocks and herds were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The individual prevalence of PPR in sheep and goats was 26% and 25.5%, respectively. The flock or herd level prevalence of PPR was 22.7% and 29.6% in sheep and goats, respectively. None of the tested camels or wild ruminants were positive for PPR-specific antibodies. Sheep and goats from the Northern governorate were more likely to be seropositive to PPR than in other governorates. On the individual animal level, the univariate analysis suggested; age (<12 months), sex (male), and health status (weak animals) as risk factors for PPR seropositivity. On the flock/herd level, the multivariable logistic regression analysis identified large flock/herd size and semi-intensive farming as risk factors for PPR seropositivity.
Stable Patterns in the Lugiato-Lefever Equation with a Confined Vortex Pump
Authors: Kumar Shatrughna , Cardoso Wesley , Malomed Boris
Published: March 2024

We introduce a model of a passive optical cavity based on the two-dimensional Lugiato-Lefever
equation, with a localized pump carrying intrinsic vorticity S, and the cubic or cubic-quintic nonlinearity.
Up to S = 5, stable vortex-ring states (vortex pixels) are produced by a variational approximation
and in a numerical form. Surprisingly, vast stability areas of the vortex states are found, for
both the self-focusing and defocusing signs of the nonlinearity, in the plane of the pump-strength and
loss parameters. When the vortex-rings are unstable, they are destroyed by azimuthal perturbations
which break the axial symmetry. The results suggest new possibilities for mode manipulations in
nonlinear optical media.
On Gohar Fractional Calculus
Authors: Gohar Abdelrahman , Younes Mayada , Doma Salah
Published: March 2024

Recently, Gohar et al. introduced a novel, local, and well-behaved fractional calculus. It possesses all the classical properties, and Its locality imposes simplicity and accuracy in modeling fractional order systems. In this article, we further develop the definitions and extend the classical properties of Gohar fractional calculus to address some of the open problems in Calculus. The fractional Gronwall's integral inequality, Taylor power series expansion, and Laplace transform are defined and applied to overcome some of the limitations in the classical integer-order calculus. The fractional Laplace transform is applied to solve Bernoulli-type logistic and Bertalanffy nonlinear fractional differential equations, and the criteria under which it can be applied to solve linear differential equations are investigated.
Tribological and Mechanochemical Properties of Nanoparticle-Filled PTFE Composites under Different Loads
Authors: Lv Weixuan , Wang Tingmei , Wang Qihua , Yap Kian Kun , Song Fuzhi , Wang. Chao
Published: March 2024

The tribology behavior, tribofilm formation and structure evolution of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filled with α-Al2O3 and SiO2 nanoparticles during sliding against steel counterparts under different loads were studied. It is found that both composites exhibit good wear resistance across the pressure of 1 MPa to 10 MPa, with the α-Al2O3/PTFE composite demonstrates better performance stability compared to the SiO2/PTFE composite. The high wear resistance is attributed to the formation of tribofilms at the friction interface. For the α-Al2O3/PTFE, an island-like tribofilm is formed with a thickness ranging from 100 to 200 nm, while the tribofilm of the SiO2/PTFE composite is thinner, measuring approximately 50 to 100 nm, and manifest a striped pattern. The chemical composition, both at the surface and subsurface levels, as well as the morphology of the tribofilms were studied using FTIR spectrometry, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and FIB-TEM. It is found that the difference in thickness and microstructure of the tribofilms for the two composites is mainly due to the tribochemistry of the nanoparticles. The α-Al2O3 nanoparticle plays a "cohesion" role during the formation of the tribofilm, which facilitates the formation of a thicker, more uniform, and stronger adhered tribofilm on the metallic counterpart, making it more robust against higher shear stress.
Global Genetic Algorithm for Automating and Optimizing Petroleum Well Deployment in Complex Reservoirs
Authors: Irawan Sonny , Wayo Dennis Delali Kwesi , Satyanaga Alfrendo , Kim Jong
Published: March 2024

The conventional well placement was done manually by using a numerical reservoir simulator, and it required a lengthy trial-and-error process. It required great experience and expertise to manipulate the variables and uncertainties that lie on the reservoir to determine the best placement of the well. In addition, the traditional gradient-based methods such as Line-search and Trust-region were not viable in terms of maximum results obtained. Gradient-based methods were too dependent on the surface gradient of the solution and may only converge to local optima instead of global optima. Complex reservoirs have rough surfaces with high uncertainties, which hinders the traditional gradient-based method from converging to global optima. Thus, genetic algorithms were utilized to automate the manual trial-and-error process and to overcome the limitations of the traditional gradient-based method. The objectives of this study were to analyse the effect of different initial well placement distributions, the number of random solution sizes, and the crossover rate on cumulative oil production. A synthetic reservoir model built using CMG Builder was used as the testing platform for the optimization problems. Well-placement parameterization and optimization set-up were carried out using the CMG CMOST optimization tool. The integration of CMG IMEX and CMOST optimized cumulative oil production based on the objectives of the study. The results obtained showed that the higher number of random solutions used resulted in higher cumulative oil production, with more generations needed to reach the optimum solution. It can be concluded that the larger number of random solutions used increased the probability of reaching the optimum solution, but will take more generations.
Dynamic 3D Point Cloud Driven Autonomous Hierarchical Path Planning for Quadruped Robots
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Ruiya , Sun Jubiao , Wei Li , Huang Jun , Tan Yuegang
Published: March 2024

Aiming at effectively generating safe and reliable motion paths for quadruped robots, a hierar-chical path planning approach driven by dynamic 3D point cloud is proposed in this article. The developed path planning model is essentially constituted of two layers: global path planning layer and local path planning layer. At the global path planning layer, a new method is proposed for calculating terrain potential field based on point cloud height segmentation. Variable step size is employed to improve the path smoothness. At the local path planning layer, a real-time prediction method for potential collision area and a strategy for temporary target point selection is developed. Quadruped robot experiments were carried out in an outdoor complex environment. The experi-mental results verified that, for global path planning, the smoothness of the path is improved and the complexity of the passing ground is reduced. The effective step size is increased by a maxi-mum of 13.4 times, and the number of iterations is decreased by up to 1/6, compared with the traditional fixed step size planning algorithm. For local path planning, the path length is short-ened by 20%, more efficient dynamic obstacle avoidance and more stable velocity planning are achieved by using the improved dynamic window approach (DWA).
Artificial Interpretation: An Investigation into the Feasibility of Archaeologically Focused Seismic Interpretation via Machine Learning
Authors: Fraser Andrew Iain , Landauer Jürgen , Gaffney Vincent , Zieschang Elizabeth Jean
Published: March 2024

The value of artificial intelligence and machine learning applications for use in heritage research is increasingly appreciated [1]. In specific areas, notably remote sensing, data sets have increased in extent and resolution to the point that manual interpretation is problematic and availability of skilled interpreters to undertake such work is limited. Interpretation of geophysical data sets associated with prehistoric submerged landscapes is particularly challenging. Following the last glacial, sea levels rose 120 metres globally, and vast, habitable landscapes were lost to the sea. These landscapes were inaccessible until extensive remote sensing data sets were provided by the offshore energy sector. In this paper, we provide results of a research programme centred on AI applications using data from the southern North Sea. Here, an area of c.188,000 km2 of habitable terrestrial land was inundated between c. 20,000 BP and 7,0000 BP, along with the cultural heritage it contained [2]. As part of this project, machine learning tools were applied to detect and interpret features of archaeological significance from shallow seismic data. The output provides a proof-of-concept model demonstrating verifiable results and the potential for further, more complex leveraging of AI interpretation for the study of submarine palaeolandscapes.

Image: Adobe Firefly Generative AI using keywords - marsh landscape deep underwater, auroch skull half-buried in peat
New Processing Route for the Production of Functionally Graded 7075 Al/SiCp Composites through the Combination of Semi-Solid Stirring and Sequential Squeeze Casting
Authors: KARAMAN GENC Serhan , URKMEZ TASKIN Nilhan
Published: March 2024

Due to the difficult metallurgical conditions during production, advanced processing techniques are required to produce functionally graded metal matrix composites. In this study, we explored a novel approach by using a combination of two different methods to produce Functionally Graded 7075 Al / SiCp composites. First process was direct semi-solid stirring that was used to prevent particle agglomeration, brittle reaction products, floating or settling of the reinforcements and poor wettability for the production of SiCp (wt. 5-20%) reinforced aluminum matrix composites. In the direct semi-solid mixing process, the matrix material remains in a semi-solid state until the reinforcement addition process is completed. The second novel process was sequential squeeze casting to provide liquid diffusion between two composite layers that were used to produce functionally graded aluminum matrix composite. The microstructure and interlayer zones were characterized by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The resulting functionally graded material was subjected to spectrometer analyses, density measurements, and metallographic examinations in order to determine the characteristics of its layers and interfacial zones, as well as to assess the formation of the graded structure. The results obtained from this research provide the potential to use this new combined manufacturing method, which is relatively inexpensive, efficient and easily applicable, in order to produce functionally graded SiCp reinforced aluminum composites.
Dendritic Cells, Th17 Cells & Tendinopathy
Authors: Wasker Shimon V Z , Beretov Julia , Millar Neal , Lam Patrick , Murrell George A C
Published: March 2024

Background: Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs) play a vital role in the innate immune response by activating Th17 cells, which in turn release the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17. We hypothesised that following repetitive mechanical strain, tenocytes activate monocyte-derived dendritic cells, which in turn, drive the pathogenesis of tendinopathy. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine if monocyte-derived dendritic cells are upregulated in a human tendinopathy model. Method: Torn supraspinatus tendon and matched intact subscapularis tendon samples were collected from 7 patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Healthy control samples of subscapularis tendon were collected from 5 patients undergoing arthroscopic stabilization surgery. Tendon biopsy samples were evaluated immunohistochemically by quantifying the presence of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (CD11C and CD206). Results: Tendinopathic tendon samples exhibited significantly greater (2-3-fold) monocyte-derived dendritic cell expression when compared with healthy control tissue (P < .05). Conclusion: This study provides evidence for a monocyte-derived dendritic cell upregulation in early-stage human tendinopathy.
Candida tropicalis critically affects Candida albicans virulence by limiting its capacity to adhere to the host intestinal surface leading to decreased susceptibility to colitis in mice
Authors: Roberts Kyle , Osme Abdullah , De Salvo Carlo , Zoli Eleonora , Herrada Janet , McCormick Thomas , Ghannoum Mahmoud , Cominelli Fabio , Di Martino Luca
Published: March 2024

Candida (C.) infections represent a serious health risk for people affected by inflammatory bowel disease. An important fungal virulence factor is the capacity to form biofilms on the colonized surface of the host. This research study aimed to determine the effect of C. tropicalis and C. albicans co-infection on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Colitis severity was evaluated using histology and colonoscopy. Mice were mono-inoculated with C. albicans, C. tropicalis or co-challenged with both species. Mice were administered 3% DSS to induce acute colitis. Biofilm activity was assessed using (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl] 2H-tetrazoliumhydroxide (XTT) assay. Abundance of C. albicans in the colon tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Co-challenged mice showed decreased colitis severity compared to mono-inoculated mice. The XTT assay demonstrated a marked decrease of C. albicans biofilm production in a C. albicans culture incubated with C. tropicalis supernatant. Immunohistochemical staining showed that C. albicans was more abundant in the mucosa of C. albicans mono-inoculated mice compared to the co-inoculated group. These data indicate an antagonistic microbial interaction between the two Candida species, where C. tropicalis may produce molecules capable of limiting the ability of C. albicans to adhere to the host intestinal surface leading to a reduction in biofilm formation.
A New Perspective on Hydrogen Chloride Scavenging at High Temperatures for Reducing the Smoke Acidity of PVC in Fires. III: EN 60754–2 and the Species in Solution Affecting pH and Conductivity
Authors: Bassi Iacopo , Bandinelli Claudia , Delchiaro Francesca , Sarti Gianluca
Published: March 2024

The combustion of PVC cables in fires results in the release of hydrogen chloride gas. In the European Union, Regulation (EU) No 305/2011, in force since 2017, requires the classification of cables permanently installed in buildings for reaction to fire, smoke, flaming droplets, and acidity. The additional classification for acidity is evaluated through EN 60754-2, involving pH and conductivity measurements. This study focuses on the essential research and development of low-smoke acidity PVC compounds for cables, mainly aiming to meet the stringent additional classifications for acidity, a1 or a2, which cannot be achieved with traditional PVC cables. Understanding the chemistry of thermal decomposition and combustion, especially in the presence of hydrogen chloride scavengers, is crucial for meeting the best acidity classification. The article reviews the current tube furnace tests used in the European Union for cable halogen and acidity assessments. It discusses the limitations of the existing method (EN 60754-2) and highlights the potential of emerging tests such as IEC EN 60754-3, which employs ion chromatography for improved sensitivity and specificity. In the experimental part of the article, various standard and low-smoke acidity cable compounds are tested using tube furnace experiments with different heating regimes. The concentrations of cations and anions in solution are measured through ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. This detailed analysis aims to identify the species influencing pH and conductivity, which is crucial for designing effective acid scavengers that do not impact conductivity. The conclusive results emphasize that HCl from PVC thermal decomposition is the primary driver of pH and conductivity, and the contribution from the decomposition of additives and byproducts from combustion is found to be negligible in most of the tested PVC compounds for cables. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the thermal decomposition of PVC compounds to design acid scavengers capable of trapping hydrogen chloride without adversely impacting conductivity.
Onion Polyphenols as Multi-Target-Directed Ligands in MASLD – a Preliminary Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Paravati Maria Rosaria , Procopio Anna Caterina , Milanović Maja , Scarlata Giuseppe Guido Maria , Milošević Nataša , Ružić Maja , Milić Nataša , Abenavoli Ludovico
Published: March 2024

A sedentary lifestyle associated with unregulated diets rich in high-calorie foods have contributed to the great prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) latterly, with up to 60% in high-risk population and 25% in the general population. The absence of specific pharmacological strategies for this syndrome represents one of the major problems in the management of MASLD patients. Lifestyle interventions and adherence to a healthy diet are the main cornerstones of current therapies. The identification of nutraceuticals useful in the treatment of MASLD appears to be one of the most promising strategies for the development of new effective and safe treatments for this disease. The onion, one of the most widely studied foods in the field of nutraceuticals, serves as an inexhaustible reservoir of potent compounds with various beneficial effects. The following preliminary study analyses, mediating in silico studies, the iteration of a library of typical onion compounds with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, Liver receptors X α and β as well as Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ. In this study fort the first time promising smart molecules from the onion that could have a beneficial action in MASLD patients were identified.
Research on the Motivation for Counselors in Universities: Based on Exploratory Factor Analysis
Authors: Lei Sha , Wang Qian
Published: March 2024

This study explored what motivates university counselors. By analyzing various factors like personal values and work environment, they found counselors experience greater career satisfaction when their work aligns with their own values and societal impact, and when they receive recognition and opportunities for growth. Universities can utilize these findings to create a more supportive environment for counselors by highlighting their impact, offering development opportunities, and fostering a positive work culture. This can ultimately lead to a more motivated and effective counseling team, benefiting both the counselors and the students they serve.
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) in motor neuron diseases: a road to cure in light and shade
Authors: Cantara Silvia , Simoncelli Giorgia , Ricci Claudia
Published: March 2024

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are short oligodeoxynucleotides designed to bind to specific regions of target mRNA. ASOs can modulate pre-mRNA splicing, increase levels of functional proteins and decrease levels of toxic proteins. ASOs are being developed for the treatment of several diseases, including motor neuron diseases (MNDs), a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterised by the loss of motor neurons, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). The biggest success has been the ASO known as nusinersen, the first effective therapy for SMA, able to improve symptoms and slow disease progression. Another success is tofersen, an ASO designed to treat ALS patients with SOD1 gene mutations. Both ASOs have been approved by the FDA and EMA. On the other hand, ASO treatment in ALS patients with the C9orf72 gene mutation did not show any improvement in disease progression. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of ASO research in MND, from preclinical studies to clinical trials and, where available, regulatory approval. We highlight the successes and failures, underline the strengths and limitations of the current ASO research, and suggest possible approaches that could lead to more effective treatments.
A Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Approach to Assess Usefulness of Reviews by considering Bias Inherited in Sentiments and Articulacy
Authors: Kardaras Dimitrios K. , Troussas Christos , Barbounaki Stavroula G. , Tselenti Panagiota , Armyras Konstantinos
Published: March 2024

The reviews usefulness has been the aim of several research studies. However, results regarding the significance of usefulness determinants are often contradicting, thus decreasing the accuracy of reviews’ helpfulness estimation. Also, bias in user reviews attributed to differences e.g. in gender, nationality, etc., may result into misleading judgments thus diminishing reviews’ usefulness. Research is needed for sentiment analysis algorithms that incorporate bias embedded in reviews, thus improving their usefulness, readability, credibility, etc. This study utilizes fuzzy relations and fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) in order to calculate reviews’ usefulness by incorporating users’ biases as expressed in terms of reviews’ articulacy and sentiment polarity. It selected and analysed 95.678 hotel user reviews from Tripadvisor, for five nationalities. The findings indicate that there are differences among nationalities. The British are most consistent in their judgments expressed in titles and review documents. The British and the Greek review titles suffice to convey any negative sentiments. The Dutch use fewer words in their reviews than the other nationalities. This study suggests that fuzzy logic captures subjectivity which is often found in reviews, and it can be used to quantify users’ behavioral differences, calculate reviews usefulness, and provide the means for developing more accurate voting systems.
Fuzzy Multi-Item Newsvendor Problem: An Application to Inventory Management
Authors: Luís Rodrigo , Santos Rui , Mendonça Luís , Vieira Susana M , Sousa João M. C.
Published: March 2024

This paper proposes a novel formulation of the fuzzy newsvendor problem for inventory management applications. This new formulation allows the use of any profit function. A new credibility estimation is proposed to explore the neighborhood around the most impactful demand scenarios. Further, a simulation procedure was designed for the different demand scenarios, which allows the comparison of the proposed approach with probabilistic demand curves. The fuzzy newsvendor problem is solved using a modified genetic algorithm (GA), where an initialization mechanism with null values is proposed. The new formulation of the fuzzy newsvendor problem together with the modified GA have shown to improve the average profit up to 55% in problems with low-budget scenarios.
Analyzing GDP Growth Drivers in Saudi Arabia: Investment or Consumption: An Evidence-Based ARDL Bound Test Approach
Authors: Mohammed Gasmelsied Ahmed Mwahib
Published: March 2024

This study delves into the intricate interplay of economic growth components, specifically focusing on Consumption and investment in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2022. Employing vector error correction models and cointegration techniques, we analyze the short- and long-term dynamics within the relationship of Consumption, investment, and economic growth. Granger causality analysis is also used to discern these pivotal variables' causal connections. Our empirical analysis reveals a persistent long-term cointegration relationship among the variables, underscoring the enduring nature of their interdependency. Furthermore, our findings highlight Consumption and investment's statistically significant positive impact on economic growth. Notably, the short-term analysis unveils a stable model characterized by an annual adjustment to equilibrium of 100%.Moreover, the Granger causality study demonstrates unidirectional causal linkages between Consumption, investment, and economic growth. These findings hold substantial implications for policy formulation in Saudi Arabia. Policymakers must grasp the ramifications of burgeoning prosperity and evolving private consumption patterns on future environmental outcomes. Achieving sustainable long-term results necessitates equal emphasis on bolstering private Consumption and fostering other facets of economic growth.
Taste-Active Peptides from Triple Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Straw Mushroom Proteins Enhance Salty Taste and Elucidate Its Effect on the Taste Receptor T1R1/T1R3 by Molecular Docking
Authors: Yu Chuang , Song Shiqing , Cheng Yunpeng , Wangzhang Jingyi , Sun Min , Feng Tao , Ho Chi-Tang , Liu Qian , Yao Linyun
Published: March 2024

The development of saltiness enhancement peptides is important in reducing salt intake and promoting dietary health. Our study aimed to analyze and identify straw mushroom enzymatic peptides with salty taste enhancing effects. The taste-related peptides within the straw mush-room extract were isolated via ultrafiltration and identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Sub-sequent, E-tongue and sensory analyses unveiled that the ultrafiltration fraction (500-2000 Da) of straw mushroom peptides exhibited a saltiness enhancement effect. The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis identified 220 peptides within the ultrafiltration fractions (500-2000 Da), which were then assessed for their interaction with the T1R1/T1R3 receptor. The investigation underscored the significant involvement of Asp223, Gln243, Leu232, Asp251, and Pro254 in the binding of peptides from triple enzymatically hydrolyzed straw mushrooms to T1R1/T1R3. Based on the binding energy and active site analysis, three peptides were selected for synthesis: DFNALPFK (-9.2 kcal/mol), YNEDNGIVK (-8.8 kcal/mol), and VPGGQEIKDR (-8.9 kcal/mol). Notably, 3.2 mmol of VPGGQEIKDR enhanced a 0.05% NaCl solution to the saltiness level of a 0.15% NaCl solution. Also, 0.8 mmol of YNEDNGIVK elevated a 0.05% NaCl solution to the saltiness of a 0.1% NaCl solution.
Correlation of Non-Auditory Comorbidities and Hearing Loss in Tinnitus Patients
Authors: Tziridis Konstantin , Neubert Benjamin , Seehaus Anna Rosalie Anita , Krauss Patrick , Schilling Achim , Brüggemann Petra , Mazurek Birgit , Schulze Holger
Published: March 2024

Tinnitus is a symptom often associated with hearing loss (HL) and is in many cases more burdening to the individual than the HL itself. Many approaches have been made to explain the development and chronification of the phantom percept as well as different treatment strategies to lower the tinnitus related burden. In many studies, the variance of the HL data is high and therefore the interpretation of specific data might be difficult. With this retrospective study, we attempt to explain a part of this variance by investigating specifically the effects of non-auditory comorbidity categories on pure-tone audiometric data in a tinnitus patient collective that was homogeneous with respect to auditory comorbidities. We found age dependent as well as number of non-auditory comorbidity (e.g. diabetes mellitus) dependent differences in the mean HL of the tinnitus patients as well as differences in the peak HL frequency relative to the tinnitus frequency. The analysis of the age dependent HL within the different non-auditory comorbidities revealed specific – partially opposed – effects of endocrine, circulatory, muscle-skeletal and digestive disease categories on the hearing thresholds of tinnitus patients. Taken together we argue that in future tinnitus (and non-tinnitus) patient studies also non-auditory comorbidities should be taken into account as possible covariables that might explain the variance found in the auditory threshold development of these patients.
Work and environmental factors on job burnout: A cross-sectional study among doctors for sustainable work
Authors: Plescia Fulvio , Malta Ginevra , Zerbo Stefania , Verso Maria Gabriella , Matera Serena , Skerjanc Alenka , Cannizzaro Emanuele
Published: March 2024

In the context of sustainable development, integrating the work aspect into health promotion systems is essential, ensuring that employees maintain a healthy balance between their professional and personal lives, which respects and amplifies the potential of every individual.
Lately, there has been a noticeable shift of medical professionals from the public to the private sector. This trend paints a bleak picture, highlighting the vulnerabilities of a system teetering on the brink of failure, with significant impacts on patient care. Among the myriad reasons behind this shift, burnout stands out prominently. Medical professionals face increasing pressures due to understaffing, limited organizational support, and insufficient resources, leading to feelings of cynicism, exhaustion, and detachment from their roles.
Utilizing the Maslach et al. questionnaire, we assessed the risk of burnout among physicians in public hospitals to identify and underscore preventive measures and improvements, correlating our findings with key aspects of organizational empowerment.
Our research indicates that enhancing interpersonal relationships and resources—both within teams and between the organization and its physicians—is crucial for the revival of the healthcare system. This approach aims at improving the delivery of healthcare services and offering appropriate recognition to healthcare professionals, aligning with the principles of sustainable employment.
“You can be as vigilant as you can, yet they make their way in”: A Descriptive Study of Parent and Caregiver Perspectives towards Keeping Children Safe from Button Batteries.
Authors: Girardi Anna M. , Long David N , Austin Gavin
Published: March 2024

Button batteries pose a significant threat to young children and are found in many household items and children’s toys. Along with product manufacturers and retailers, parents and caregivers have a role in button battery ingestion prevention through vigilance regarding items containing button batteries in the home, and knowledge of button battery ingestion symptoms. There is limited information available about parent and caregiver perspectives towards button battery safety. Identifying the areas where increased education is required is important for informing safety campaigns and delivering targeted education. This study aimed to examine parent and caregiver elemental perspectives on button battery safety. One hundred and seventy-four parents and caregivers of children aged 0 to 5 completed a cross-sectional online survey. Distribution occurred via social media. The survey contained multiple-choice questions pertaining to button battery perspectives, and one open-ended question. Respondents recognized the dangers of button battery ingestion, yet only 37% reported being familiar with button battery ingestion symptoms. While 68% knew of household items containing button batteries, only 21% were aware of product recall information sources. Approximately 64% understood immediate post-ingestion steps and 17% found current safety labels unsatisfactory. In an open-ended question, parents and caregivers provided comments about button battery safety that revealed five broad themes; supervision and education; safe storage of button batteries in the home; ensuring children cannot access button batteries; disposing of button batteries safely; and avoiding purchasing items containing button batteries. This study provides a foundation for ongoing investigation of parent and caregiver perspectives on button battery home safety.
Flexible Techniques to Detect Typical Hidden Errors in Large Longitudinal Datasets
Authors: Bruni Renato , Daraio Cinzia , Di Leo Simone
Published: March 2024

The increasing availability of longitudinal data (repeated numerical observations of same units at different times) requires the development of flexible techniques to automatically detect common errors in such data. Besides obvious and easily identifiable cases, such as missing or out-of-range data, large longitudinal dataset often present problems not easily traceable by the techniques used for generic datasets. In particular, elusive and baffling problems are i) inversion of one or more values from one unit to another; ii) anomalous jumps in the series of values, iii) errors in the timing of the values due to a recalculation operated by the data providers to compensate previous errors. This work proposes a statistical-mathematical approach based on a system of indicators that is able to capture the complexity of the described problems by working at the formal level, regardless of the specific meaning of the data. The proposed approach identifies suspect erroneous data and is applicable in a variety of contexts. We implement this approach in a relevant database of European Higher Education institutions (ETER) by analyzing Total academic staff, that is one of the most important variables, used in empirical analysis as proxy of size and also considered by policy makers at European level.
A Small Power Margin and Bandwidth Expansion Allow Data Transmission During Rainfall Despite Large Attenuation: Application to GeoSurf Satellite Constellations at mm–Waves
Authors: Matricciani Emilio
Published: March 2024

The traditional approach of considering the probability distribution of rain attenuation leads to overdesign the power margin of data channels. We have first recalled a method, proposed in 2016, which with a small power margin, bandwidth expansion and variable symbol rate avoids overdesign and can transfer the same data volume as if the link were in clear–sky conditions. It is charaterized only by the link mean efficiency 0≤η≤1, suitably defined. It is usefull only if: (a) data must be downloaded also when it is raining; (b) real–time communication is not strictly required. We have applied it to the links of GeoSurf satellite constellations by simulating rain attenuation time series at 80 GHz (mm–wave) with the Synthetic Storm Technique, from rain-rate time series recorded on–site, at sites located in different climatic regions. The power margin to be implemented ranges from 2.0 dB to 7.4 dB – well within the current technology – regardless the instantaneous rain attenuation. The clear–sky bandwidth is expanded 1.75 to 2.80 times, not large per se, but it may challenge current technology if the clear–sky bandwidth is already large.