bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transgender Discrimination in Puerto Rico: An Analysis From a Queer Perspective of Labor Experiences
Authors: Torres‐Castro Thais , Morales‐Villena Amalia
Published: January 2025

The aim of this paper is to show the impact of the gender binary in the workplace, with a special focus on the experiences of the TRANS community in Puerto Rico. This research article, written as a queertext, highlights how social perceptions of gender influence job opportunities, recruitment, and selection processes, as well as discrimination in the workplace. Rooted in social constructs, binary gender norms lead to violence and discrimination against those who dare to challenge them. The research for this article was conducted between 2018 and 2022 utilizing a queer methodology that enabled the authors to compile first‐hand insights in relation to the working lives of 8 Puerto Ricans of TRANS experience through in‐depth interviews and discussions. The findings emphasize the challenges faced by the TRANS community in the job application process, including the need to navigate identity disclosure, dress codes, and social expectations. It also notes the impact of colonization on the construction of the concept of gender in Puerto Rico and the need to continue advocating in favor of TRANS rights. In accordance with the political scope of the queer research, this article declares its commitment to denouncing the abuse of this minority group and vindicating the legitimate rights of this collective, echoing—but not voicing—the claims that the TRANS community has been making for some time.
Enhanced energy storage property in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐based ceramics by composition modulation and grain refinement
Authors: Zhou Wen , Zhang Yangyang , Zhang Yifei , Yang Xinhui , Zhang Xian , Zhang Qingfeng , Jiang Shenglin , Zhang Guangzu , Chen Yong , Shen Meng
Published: January 2025

High energy density (Wrec) dielectrics with excellent efficiency (η) and thermal stability are crucial in high‐power energy storage applications. In this work, we introduce Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (BZT) into Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) to delay saturation polarization and refine grain sizes for enhancing energy storage performance. BZT diffusing into BNT lattice not only increases electronegativity between A‒O/B‒O bond and the relaxor, but also is beneficial for refining grain sizes and suppressing the development of local electric branches. Therefore, high Pmax with moderate Pr and improved breakdown strength is achieved in BNT‒xBZT ceramics with x = 0.6 mol. Additionally, BNT‒0.60BZT ceramics demonstrate enhanced recoverable energy storage density of 4.1 J cm−3 with high energy storage efficiency of 91%, along with favorable overdamped charge‒discharge properties including a maximum current, discharge energy density, and discharge time of 10 A, 2.4 J cm−3, and 150 ns, respectively.
Cloud Forest Tree Growth Responses to Climate and Drought Vary by Island and Species in the Macaronesian Region
Authors: García‐López María A. , García‐Cervigón Ana I. , Elias Rui Bento , Calvo‐Donate Victoria , Fernández‐Palacios José María , García‐Hidalgo Miguel , Gómez‐González Susana , Gouveia Manuela , Menezes de Sequeira Miguel , Olano José M. , Pescador David S. , Sangüesa‐Barreda Gabriel , Rozas Vicente
Published: January 2025

Aim

Macaronesian cloud forests are insular ecosystems subjected to local environmental variability, but the responses of their tree species to climate variations have never been studied. Our aim was to assess how the variation in environmental conditions associated with the geographical location of several islands in three Macaronesian archipelagos affects the growth patterns and drought‐resistance of the dominant cloud forests trees.

Location

Azores, Madeira and Canary archipelagos. Portugal and Spain.

Taxon

Lauraceae, Aquifoliaceae, Clethraceae, Oleaceae, Rosaceae and Cupressaceae.

Methods

We assessed variations in the radial growth response of 10 cloud forest tree species from 18 populations on 5 islands along a geographical gradient in Macaronesia. We quantified the influence of local climatic variables and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and East Atlantic Pattern (EA) circulation patterns on tree growth and how drought events affected to the resistance, recovery and resilience indices estimated for these species.

Results

Trees from the same island showed similar growth patterns, particularly in islands with marked hydric stress. In Madeira and the Canary Islands, radial growth was mainly determined by water availability, winter NAO negatively affected growth and droughts caused abrupt narrow growth‐ring width. In the Azores, the effect of the EA was positive, as it increased temperature and relative humidity and promoted growth. Trees from wetter environments demonstrated higher growth resistance to drought, while trees from drier sites showed faster growth recovery after drought events.

Main Conclusions

Homogeneous growth patterns among species from the same island suggested that the radial growth of trees in cloud forests is mostly determined by local environmental conditions, which are more important for their growth than phenotypic traits. The variability in water availability determined by a latitudinal geographical gradient throughout the Macaronesian region influenced both the climatic response of the trees and their resilience to drought.
Editorial: Studying child development in a changing world
Authors: Collishaw Stephan
Published: January 2025

In this editorial, I reflect on the implications of social, technological and cultural change for children and young people. Whilst we have a reasonably good understanding of trends in certain aspects of child development (e.g. height, weight, cognitive attainment), there are many unanswered questions. We do not know what explains the steep rise in mental health problems among young people, nor are we in position to evaluate and predict the consequences of different societal trends for current and future generations of young people. This is in part due to a reliance on older life course cohorts without adequate measurement of important aspects of children's lives (e.g. their online experiences). There are also some broader questions which require attention – what does it mean to be a child today? How is childhood changing? I consider possible implications and priorities for developmental research; in particular, the importance of listening to young people's perspectives, innovation in measurement in future life course cohorts, and developing more efficient real time monitoring of mental health at a population level.
Free‐Hand Endoscopic Full‐Thickness Resection for Duodenal Subepithelial Lesions
Authors: Xu Peirong , Liu Zuqiang , Wang Li , Qu Yifan , Xu Chenchao , Xiang Anyi , Su Wei , Tan Tao , Zhang Jiyuan , Yao Lu , Xu Meidong , Zhong Yunshi , Li Quanlin , Zhou Pinghong , Hu Hao
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim

This work aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of free‐hand endoscopic full‐thickness resection (EFTR) for duodenal subepithelial lesions (SELs).

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 105 patients with duodenal SELs who underwent free‐hand EFTR. Free‐hand EFTR means no other devices (over‐the‐scope clip or full‐thickness resection device) are required. The preoperative baseline data, procedure‐related characteristics, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.

Results

The technical success rate was 99.0%, and the en bloc resection rate was 94.2%. A total of nine (8.7%) patients experienced major postoperative adverse events (AEs). The incidence of major AEs was significantly higher for lesions with a maximum diameter ≥ 2 cm (30.4%) than for lesions with a maximum diameter < 2 cm (2.6%) (p < 0.001). There were also significant differences in the incidence of major AEs for peri‐ampullary lesions (37.5%), bulb lesions (4.8%), bulb‐descending junction lesions (6.7%), and descending part lesions (12.5%) (p = 0.032). Multivariable regression analyses revealed that the maximum diameter ≥ 2 cm (OR = 18.108; 95% CI = 1.881–174.281; p = 0.012) and lesions located in peri‐ampullary (OR = 18.950; 95% CI = 1.219–294.648; p = 0.036) were independent risk factors for major AEs. The mean duration of the follow‐up period was 36.6 ± 21.3 months, and only one patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumors recurred.

Conclusions

Free‐hand EFTR is a safe and effective technique for nonampullary duodenal SELs with a maximum diameter of < 2 cm. Given the complexity of the duodenal anatomy, this procedure should be performed by experienced endoscopists.
Survival Outcomes Associated With Radiological Progressive Disease Subtypes in Patients With Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab–Treated HCC
Authors: Matono Tomomitsu , Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Nishikawa Hiroki , Tanaka Kazunari , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Koshiyama Yuichi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Kawata Kazuhito , Ohama Hideko , Tada Fujimasa , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Nishimura Takashi , Imai Michitaka , Kosaka Hisashi , Naganuma Atsushi , Aoki Tomoko , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Yata Yutaka , Nakamura Yoshiko , Yoshida Osamu , Nakamura Shinichiro , Enomoto Hirayuki , Kaibori Masaki , Hiasa Yoichi , Kudo Masatoshi ,   the Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group,   the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Experts from 48 clinics in Japan (HCC 48) Group
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim

To assess the relationship between survival outcomes and subtypes of radiological progressive disease (PD) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev).

Methods

A total of 462 patients with Atezo/Bev‐treated HCC diagnosed with radiological PD during follow‐up were enrolled. PD was classified into three categories: progression or emergence of intrahepatic lesions (PD‐IH), macroscopic vascular invasion (PD‐MVI), and extrahepatic spread lesions (PD‐EHS). We defined PD‐multiple as the presence of two or more PD categories. Subsequent analysis was categorized into the “PD‐IH or PD‐EHS” and “PD‐MVI or PD‐multiple” groups.

Results

The median progression‐free survival (PFS) durations for patients with PD‐IH, PD‐MVI, PD‐EHS, and PD‐multiple were 5.3, 3.2, 3.9, and 3.5 months (p = 0.003). Patients with “PD‐IH or PD‐EHS” and “PD‐MVI or PD‐multiple” had median PFS of 5.2 and 3.5 months (p < 0.001). Median overall survival (OS) for PD‐IH, PD‐MVI, PD‐EHS, and PD‐multiple was 22.3, 15.1, 19.4, and 14.2 months (p = 0.002). The OS for patients with “PD‐IH or PD‐EHS” and “PD‐MVI or PD‐multiple” was 21.4 and 14.5 months (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ECOG‐PS ≥ 1 (hazard ratio (HR), 1.508), α‐fetoprotein levels ≥ 100 ng/mL (HR, 1.293), albumin–bilirubin grade ≥ 2 (HR, 1.573), liver cirrhosis (HR, 1.361), and PD subtypes PD‐MVI or PD‐multiple (HR, 1.735) were independently associated with OS.

Conclusions

Patients with HCC undergoing Atezo/Bev treatment, diagnosed with PD‐multiple (not solely based on IH or EHS) or PD‐MVI, experienced poor prognosis, specifically in terms of OS.
Network Analyses to Explore Comorbidities Among Older Adults Living With Dementia
Authors: Quan Samuel , Monchka Barret A. , St. John Philip D. , Doupe Malcolm B. , Turgeon Maxime , Lix Lisa M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Older persons living with dementia (PLWD) often have multiple other chronic health conditions (i.e., comorbidities). Network analyses can describe complex profiles of chronic health conditions through graphical displays grounded in empirical data. Our study compared patterns of chronic health conditions among PLWD residing in and outside of long‐term care (LTC) settings.

Methods

Population‐based administrative data, including outpatient physician claims, inpatient records, pharmaceutical records, and LTC records, for the study were from the Canadian province of Manitoba. We included PLWD, ages ≥ 67 years, with two or more other chronic health conditions, who resided in Manitoba from 2017 to 2020. A total of 138 chronic health conditions were ascertained using a modification of the open‐source Clinical Classification Software. Networks defined by nodes (health conditions) and edges (associations between nodes) were stratified by residence location (in versus outside LTC). Network properties were described, including: density (ratio of number of edges to number of potential edges), and modularity (associations between and within clusters of health conditions), and the median and interquartile range (IQR) for node degree (number of associations per node).

Results

The population comprised 19,672 PLWD, of which 17,534 (89.1%) had two or more chronic health conditions. The median number of co‐occurring conditions was similar among PLWD in LTC (median: 6, IQR: 3–10) versus outside LTC (median: 7, IQR: 4–10). Network properties were similar for PLWD and multiple comorbidities residing in versus outside LTC, including node degree (median 11 vs. 12), density (0.15 vs. 0.14), and modularity (0.18 vs. 0.26).

Conclusions

Multiple chronic diseases characterize PLWD residing in and outside of LTC. Using network analyses, chronic diseases among PLWD do not form easily distinguishable groups or patterns. This suggests the need for comprehensive clinical assessments, individualized approaches for disease management, and highlights the importance of person‐specific care.
Social Internet Use by People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies
Authors: van Alem Johanna L. L. , Frielink Noud , Embregts Petri J. C. M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Although existing research has explored both the benefits and risks associated with social internet use amongst people with intellectual disabilities (ID), a comprehensive understanding of the underlying reasons for this engagement is still lacking. This systematic review synthesizes literature investigating the reasons for social internet use amongst people with ID.

Methods

Eight electronic databases (Cinahl, Cochrane, Embase, ERIC, Google Scholar, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science) were systematically searched in June 2023 and November 2024 and screened using active machine learning techniques. Studies were considered for inclusion if they qualitatively described the reasons, motivations and personal opinions of people with ID regarding their social internet use in English and were published in peer‐reviewed journals. Caregivers' insights were included if individuals could not verbally communicate directly. Only voluntary social internet use was considered; interventions were excluded unless preintervention views on social internet use were reported. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT; Hong et al. 2018). Data were extracted using the SPIDER tool and analysed using thematic synthesis.

Results

In total, 21 relevant articles were identified. Most studies described social internet use in Western contexts (n = 19), primarily amongst adults (n = 16). Four articles specifically addressed social internet use during COVID‐19. Only seven studies explicitly reported participants' level of ID, with six focusing on mild‐to‐moderate ID and one on profound and multiple ID. Four themes emerged: a feeling of fitting in (n = 12), maintaining connections (n = 16), making new connections (n = 14) and enhancing autonomy and empowerment (n = 10).

Discussion

The findings underscore the importance of social internet use in fostering feelings of inclusion, connectedness and autonomy amongst people with ID. These insights can guide researchers and caregivers in developing tailored support strategies that both maximize the benefits and mitigate the risks of online social engagement for this population. By understanding the specific reasons behind social internet use, caregivers can offer more personalized guidance that aligns with the individual needs and preferences of people with ID. The review also highlights a need for future research to adhere to reporting guidelines to enhance transparency and quality in the field.
Life history and growth dynamics of a peirosaurid crocodylomorph (Mesoeucrocodylia; Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Argentina inferred from its bone histology
Authors: Navarro Tamara G. , Cerda Ignacio A. , Filippi Leonardo S. , Pol Diego
Published: January 2025

Notosuchia were a successful lineage of Crocodyliformes that achieved a remarkable diversity during the Cretaceous of Gondwana, particularly in South America. Although paleohistology has expanded our knowledge of the paleobiology of notosuchians, several clades of this lineage remain poorly understood in this aspect. Here we help to address this gap by conducting the first histological analysis of appendicular bones of a peirosaurid. To increase our knowledge about growth dynamics and examine intraeskeletal and interspecific histological variation, we analyze the microstructure of a tibia, fibula, phalanx, fragment of ornamented element (possible osteoderm or skull bone) and a possible long bone of an individual assigned to Peirosauridae indet. (MAU‐Pv‐437). The peirosaurid studied here appears to have reached sexual but not somatic maturity and the minimum age inferred from appendicular bones results in a lower estimated than the age inferred from osteoderms in a previous study on the same individual. The cortical bone in MAU‐Pv 437 is formed by vascularized parallel fibered bone/lamellar bone which indicates that this individual experienced a moderate growth rate. This indicates different growth dynamics from what has been observed for other notosuchians specimens, suggesting a lack of a uniform growth pattern for this clade.
Attitudes toward same‐sex couple parents: A decade of change
Authors: Manning Wendy D. , Gustafson Kristen E.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Our goal is to track changes in attitudes about same‐sex parents in the United States across a 10‐year time span between 2012 and 2022.

Background

During this period, there have been transformations in the legal rights of same‐sex couples to marry and increased support for same‐sex marriage; however, recent increase in hostile state‐level policies regarding same‐sex couples often center on issues about children.

Method

Drawing on data from the 2012 and 2022 General Social Survey (https://gss.norc.org/), we examine changes in attitudes regarding same‐sex parents.

Results

We find significant increases in support for same‐sex parents, and this differential persists once accounting for sex, race/ethnicity, education, family background, age, parenthood status, religiosity, political beliefs, urbanicity and region of residence. Although increases in support occurred for all groups, most of the covariates were related to attitudes about same‐sex parents in a similar manner in 2012 as 2022.

Conclusion

These findings suggest growth in support for both male and female same‐sex parents. New research on how changes in support for same‐sex couples and families are linked to specific policies changes is warranted. Underlying value orientations (politics and religiosity) appear to still drive differentials in public opinion.

Implications

This new level of support for same‐sex parents may have implications for the enactment of new policies at the local, state and national level that ensure same‐sex parent families receive protections from discrimination.
Who Could Be Targeted for Teledentistry in Japanese Clinics? A Questionnaire Survey of Patients
Authors: Takeda Asuka , Fukuda Hideki
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The COVID‐19 pandemic has fostered the use of teledentistry worldwide. However, teledentistry remains underutilized in Japan due to a lack of clarity regarding its target population. This study aimed to determine the current demands of patients of dental clinics in Saitama, Japan; enable dental care professionals to adopt teledentistry; and examine which patients could be targeted for teledentistry.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study involved a survey of dental patients who visited one of 28 participating dental clinics in September 2020 in Saitama, Japan. The patients were asked about their demographic information, impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, and teledentistry—including future demands (whether they would like to receive teledentistry consultations). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a multiple logistic regression model.

Results

Questionnaires were distributed to 1335 patients, 1312 of whom responded (response rate: 98.3%). The analysis included 835 of the 1227 valid responses to the question about the future demand for teledentistry (“demand” group: 299 patients; “unnecessary” group: 536 patients). The difference in the frequency of dental visits between the “demand” and “unnecessary” groups was significant (p = 0.04). The multiple logistic regression model identified “visited dentists only when necessary” as an independent contributor to the future demand for teledentistry (odds ratio = 1.60, 95% confidence interval = 1.00–2.57).

Conclusions

Teledentistry presents an opportunity for dental care for those who do not habitually visit the dental clinic. Further research should explore the type of dental consultation required by infrequent dental patients and how teledentistry can meet these needs.
Behavior change techniques in low‐calorie and very low‐calorie diet interventions for weight loss: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Evans Tamla S. , Dhir Pooja , Matu Jamie , Radley Duncan , Hill Andrew J. , Jones Andrew , Newson Lisa , Freeman Charlotte , Kolokotroni Katerina Z. , Fozard Therese , Ells Louisa J.
Published: January 2025

Background

There is limited evidence and clinical guidelines on the behavior change support required for low‐calorie diet programs. This systematic review aimed to establish the behavior change technique(s) (BCT) implemented in weight loss interventions (≤1200 kcal/d) and how these contribute to effectiveness.

Methods

Databases were searched from inception to April 2022. Screening, data extraction, BCT coding, and quality appraisal were conducted in duplicate using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication framework, Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy, and Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Data were analyzed via narrative synthesis and random effects multi‐level meta‐analyses.

Results

Thirty‐two papers reporting on 27 studies were included. Twenty‐four BCTs were identified across studies. Eight BCTs were significantly associated with a larger reduction in weight at the end‐of‐diet time‐point; one BCT was statistically significant at the end of weight maintenance. Physical activity, Type 2 Diabetes, and BMI category moderated intervention effects.

Conclusions and implications

This is the first meta‐analysis to examine how specific BCTs contribute to the effectiveness of low‐calorie diets. It is recommended that a) these findings are used to develop clinical guidelines specific to behavioral support in low‐calorie diet programs, and b) program commissioners stipulate the use of these BCTs in their service specifications.
Distal Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy for Ankylosing Spondylitis With the Dual Complications of Andersson Lesions and Idiopathic Spinal Cord Hernia: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Li Junyu , Yang Zexi , Zhang Xinyu , Shang Zesen , Wu Hongyu , Zheng Danfeng , Sun Zhuoran , Wang Yongqiang , Zeng Yan , Li Weishi , Yu Miao
Published: January 2025

Background and Importance

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease. Andersson lesion (AL) is a late complication of advanced AS. Idiopathic spinal cord hernia (ISCH) is a rare disorder of the spinal cord. However, according to our literature review, the simultaneous occurrence of AL together with ISCH in a single AS patient had never been reported.

Clinical Presentation

A 49‐year‐old male reported a 30‐year history of thoracolumbar pain and limited mobility and was diagnosed with AS with dual complications of AL and ICSH. Before correction surgery, physical examination, x‐ray, CT,MRI and Blood HLA‐B27 examination were performed and a series of radiological parameters, including the degree of kyphosis and the T1‐pelvic angle (TPA), were measured. Several days after surgery (Distal PSO was used), we performed examinations to check the patient's physical condition which showed the patient recovered remarkably. CTA was done, indicating that the patient's aorta moved anteriorly with the osteotomy side undamaged. A series of morphological parameters were measured again, including TPA, LL, and TK. CT and MRI were performed again, reflecting significant bone‐to‐bone fusion and successful recovery. The patient relieved the symptoms and regained his daily activities.

Conclusions

We deepen the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of AS with rare complications of AL and ISCH. Distal PSO could be an effective option for severe AS patient.
In situ diversification and adaptive introgression in Taiwanese Scutellaria
Authors: Sun P.‐W. , Chang J.‐T. , Luo M.‐X. , Chao C.‐T. , Du F. K. , Liao P.‐C.
Published: January 2025

Island habitats provide unique opportunities to study speciation. Recent work indicates that both ex situ origination and in situ speciation contribute to island species diversity. However, clear evidence of local adaptation of endemic plant species on islands requires in‐depth studies, which are scarce. This study underscores the importance of local adaptation in maintaining species boundaries by examining how adaptive introgression, hybridization, and local adaptation contribute to genetic variation in island species.

Multilocus genome scanning of 51 nuclear genes was used to investigate the evolutionary relationships of the Scutellaria species complex on Taiwan Island and assess the role of in situ diversification in generating high endemism and genetic diversity.

Interspecies introgressions were detected by phylogenetic networks and ABBA‐BABA‐based analysis, suggesting ongoing or recent speciation processes. Coalescent‐based simulation identified hybrid speciation in Scutellaria taiwanensis and Scutellaria hsiehii, with evidence of hybridization between more than two parental species. Genotype‐environment association studies revealed that the influence of climate, particularly precipitation‐ and temperature‐related factors, contributed to adaptive genetic divergence between species. Additionally, adaptive introgression related to environmental pressures that may have facilitated the colonization of new island habitats were identified.

This research illustrates how hybridization, introgression, and adaptation shaped the evolutionary histories and divergence of this island‐endemic plant species complex and sheds light on the multifaceted mechanisms of speciation on semi‐isolated islands.
A Systematic Review of Alternative Host Species of Phytophthora erythroseptica, the Major Causal Agent of Pink Rot of Potato
Authors: Thapa Ronika , Gill Warwick , Tegg Robert S. , Leo Audrey E. , Wilson Calum R.
Published: January 2025

Most published studies of Phytophthora erythroseptica, the major causal agent of pink rot of potato, have focused on fungicide disease management, particularly in light of the detection of fungicide‐sensitive isolates in cropping systems. In addition to fungicide use, crop rotation practices are also identified as important to minimise the risk of disease; however, due to the broad spectrum of plants putatively infected by P. erythroseptica, including both solanaceous and non‐solanaceous species, the choice of effective rotation crops can be problematic. To make informed decisions about rotation systems, an unambiguous understanding of alternative host status and the importance of these hosts in inoculum maintenance is required. The aim of this systematic review is to analyse current knowledge of the host plants of P. erythroseptica in natural and field environments. Searches of published records from 1913 to 2023 obtained 44 articles relevant to alternative hosts of this pathogen covering both natural infection and artificial inoculation experiments. Complexity in morphological pathogen descriptions has raised questions over evidence for certain alternative host records. Additional molecular evidence has provided greater certainty of record authenticity and provides an appropriate standard on which to confirm host status. Given increasingly limited cultural and chemical management alternatives, effective disease control in the future will rely heavily on crop rotation, implementing careful selection of pasture and crop species and targeted weed control to remove alternative hosts, preventing the proliferation of P. erythroseptica in soil and inoculum build‐up. Thus, it is critical that alternative host data are accurate.
Networking strategies for coordinating interdependent policy issues: A motif approach
Authors: Hedlund Johanna , Metz Florence , Bodin Örjan
Published: January 2025

Complex societal challenges, such as climate change and environmental degradation, are encumbered by numerous interdependences across different policy issues. Coordination of interdependent policy issues is thus critical. However, coordination challenges persist, partly because coordinating interdependent policy issues among actors often involves high costs. While network governance literature often advocates for management strategies that steer the coordination between actors, little is known about what specific strategies can stimulate the emergence of collaborative relationships suitable for coordination of interdependent policy issues. To address this gap, we develop a typology of four different strategies operationalized as network motifs. We present a simulation modeling approach using Exponential Random Graph Models to evaluate if the identified network strategies facilitate actor coordination of interdependent policy issues and demonstrate the method on empirical data from water governance in Sweden. Results show that coordination of interdependent policy issues is enhanced by shared responsibilities, efforts to broaden expertise, and consideration of issue interdependencies in the search for collaborators. Results show less support for effective coordination of interdependent policy issues through a network manager. Taken together, the paper contributes both theoretical and methodological developments relevant for evaluating progress on coordination of interdependent policy issues and improving network interventions.
Stage 2 Registered Report: Propositional Thought Is Sufficient for Imaginal Extinction as Shown by Contrasting Participants With Aphantasia, Simulated Aphantasia, and Controls
Authors: Monzel Merlin , Agren Thomas , Tengler Matthias , Karneboge Jana , Reuter Martin
Published: January 2025

Imaginal exposure is a standard procedure of cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders. It is often used when in vivo exposure is not possible, too stressful for patients, or would be too expensive. The Bio‐Informational Theory implies that imaginal exposure is effective because of the perceptual proximity of mental imagery to real events, whereas empirical findings suggest that propositional thought of fear stimuli (i.e., thinking about the stimuli without seeing them in the mind's eye) could be sufficient. To investigate whether mental imagery or propositional thought is crucial for the success of imaginal exposure, participants with the rare state of aphantasia (= absence of sensory mental imagery) and two control groups were subjected to a fear conditioning paradigm followed by imaginal exposure and a reinstatement procedure. During imaginal exposure, a control group (N = 30) stared at a bright screen to disrupt visual imagery by incoming luminance (=simulated aphantasia), while a second control group (N = 30) and participants with actual aphantasia (N = 30) kept their eyes closed. Results showed successful extinction in all groups, thus demonstrating that imaginal extinction is possible using propositional thought. Moreover, exploratory analyses revealed less subjective fear in people with aphantasia during the fear conditioning procedure, potentially due to similar mechanisms as in alexithymia, that is, a decoupling between physiological arousal and emotional experience.
Criminology of Disasters: Natural Disaster Victim Identification Issues in the Philippines and Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Huong Thu
Published: January 2025

A relatively new field, the criminology of disasters tends to focus on crime that takes place in the aftermath of a disaster. Yet, the post‐disaster context is far more complex, with overlapping legalities and legacies. This review article unveils the multi‐faceted process of identifying victim of natural disaster intertwining scientific expertise with legalistic and humanitarian considerations, especially regarding the rights of the deceased and their kin. Taking into account the post‐war legacy in Vietnam and the post‐colonial circumstances in the Philippines, this article attempts to provide a comparative look at the legal processes in place and how these processes may have a bearing on the legalities of disaster victim identification in the two countries. Specifically, the article examines how the techno‐scientific practice of forensic identification is understood and expected by various governmental stakeholders and other non‐state actors involved in disaster response efforts set against the backdrop of pervasive catastrophic events such as the 2013 super Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines and the 2020 Central Vietnam Floods. Furthermore, it builds upon the criminology of disasters literature by contemplating the overlapping institutions and issues associated with victim identification predominantly in a non‐Global North setting.
Jerarquía urbana en la región Centro-Bajío-Occidente: una interpretación a partir de la disponibilidad de servicios básicos
Authors: Pérez Cruz Ana Elsa
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de este artículo de investigación de corte descriptivo es explorar el impacto de las ciudades intermedias de la Alianza Centro-Bajío-Occidente en México y atiende a la pregunta ¿cuáles son las capacidades regionales de la alianza en materia de conectividad y abastecimiento de servicios básicos urbanos? Parto del supuesto de que estas ciudades fungen como nodos articuladores entre las grandes y pequeñas ciudades. En el texto destaco la importancia de las ciudades intermedias en materia de prestación de servicios básicos urbanos (educación, salud y servicios financieros). Utilizo datos del Directorio Estadístico Nacional de Unidades Económicas y de los habitantes que se abastecen en las ciudades que conforman la alianza. Estos datos dan lugar a una jerarquización de las ciudades. Concluyo que incluso entre las ciudades intermedias existe una jerarquía respecto a la prestación de servicios básicos urbanos, en la que a mayor proporción de habitantes mayor será la oferta de estos servicios.
pARametric: Empowering In Situ Parametric Modeling in Augment Reality for Personal Fabrication
Authors: Duan Runlin , Hu Xiyun , Liu Min , Shi Jingyu , Ramani Karthik
Published: January 2025

Parametric modeling software is a powerful design tool for defining complex geometries, controlling precise dimensions, and maintaining design intent during iterative modifications. However, such software challenges novice users due to the complex user interfaces, steep learning curve, and the need for strong spatial understanding to manipulate 3D models. To overcome these barriers, we introduce pARametric, an augmented reality (AR) system that provides an effortless parametric modeling experience in situ. Our system features an immersive sketching platform for freehand sketching, a transformer-based parametric sketch construction algorithm, and an AR interface that offers intuitive hand-to-virtual geometry interaction for 3D modeling operations. In pARametric, a novice user without experience in 3D modeling can create parametric models for personal fabrication. Our system uses environmental context as design references to make decisions about structure, dimension, and shape. The system allows users to express their design intents by sketching freehand rather than mastering the sophisticated operations in current modeling software. We also incorporate widely used 3D modeling features such as extrusion, revolution, sweep, and mirror to create a wide variety of models. In a user study with eight participants, we discovered that novice designers see great potential in pARametric to enhance their capabilities and willingness to engage in parametric modeling. We further discuss how our system can be integrated into traditional parametric modeling workflows to benefit a wider range of designers in terms of visualization and collaboration on challenging design tasks.
Iterative Development and Verification of 37 Design Heuristics for the Design of Medical Devices for Low-Resource Settings
Authors: Overhoff Milena , Shea Kristina
Published: January 2025

Medical devices in low-resource settings are scarce and often become nonoperational after a short time, thus restricting health facilities from providing essential healthcare to patients. One major reason is that most devices are not designed for use in low-resource settings. Financial, infrastructure, and human resource constraints are not considered in the design process either due to lack of awareness or lack of guidance. This article develops and verifies a hands-on design method to communicate key challenges beyond affordability and guide designers to develop more appropriate devices for low-resource settings. First, an initial list of design heuristics is created to address previously identified key challenges for the use and maintenance of medical devices in resource-constrained settings. Second, 15 participants in Switzerland and Bolivia are involved in iterative improvements of the design heuristics through brainstorming sessions and discussions to reduce bias by including diverse perspectives. Finally, the updated list of 37 design heuristics is verified through an online survey with 45 participants who have experience with medical devices in diverse low- and middle-income countries, including medical, technical, and administrative staff. The results show that 93.3% of the respondents agree that it is important to design specifically for low-resource settings and 86.7% find the design heuristics helpful to achieve this. A ranking further shows that lowering the initial price of the device is not considered the most important. Finally, the proposed 37 design heuristics can be directly applied to design and adapt medical devices for low-resource settings.
An Alternative Machine Learning-Based Approach to Establish Stronger Correlations Between Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) Processing Parameters and Part Properties
Authors: Bai Feiyang , Attarzadeh Faridreza , Xu Jiajun
Published: January 2025

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) offers advantages in fabrication complexity, speed, cost-effectiveness, and material versatility. However, establishing clear correlations between processing parameters and final product properties remains challenging due to the complex Multiphysics phenomena involved during the LPBF process like melting, solidification, vaporizing, remelting, etc. To address this, the authors conducted a variety of Design of Experiments (DoE) and applied machine learning (ML) algorithms to model and predict part performance with major processing parameters including laser powder (p), scanning speed (v), hatching space (h), and layer height (t). This paper aims to compare a widely accepted physical normalization method along with the dimensionless number to generate better input parameters for the considered ML algorithm. For the LPBF processing of IN 625, this approach led to delineating stronger correlations between the normalized parameters and the hardness of Additive Manufacturing (AM) parts. Following this approach, the R-squared value increased to ∼0.92, and RMSE dropped to ∼0.3.
Influence of Irreversibility and Entropy Production Produced by Nanofluid on the Performance of Heat Exchanger
Authors: Jassim Esam I. , Jasem Bashar
Published: January 2025

The irreversibility and entropy production in a heat exchanger involving nanofluids are influenced by factors such as fluid properties, flow conditions, and temperature gradients. Nanofluids may enhance heat transfer but can also contribute to irreversible processes, increasing entropy production. Careful analysis, considering thermodynamic principles and nanofluid behavior, is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenal. The study focuses on the heat transfer and entropy analysis for two types of heat exchangers, namely: plate-type (PHE) and spiraled-type shell and tube (SPHE) heat exchangers. The study covers several outputs of impaction of nanofluid by applying energy and exergy analysis. Experiments have been conducted in the heat exchanger for two different nanofluid, namely, TiO2 and Al2O3. Rate of Heat transfer and exchanger effectiveness are found to be enhanced with the presence of nanometallic for the concentrations range considered in this research. It is noticed that the impaction of nanofluid plays a significant role in the enhancement of the exchanger effectiveness for both types, albeit PHE shows significant improvement in comparison with the SPHE. With augmentation in the volume fraction, the analysis showed that the heat losses increase due to the improvement of transport nanoparticles properties. Both nanofluids and distilled water produce more entropy with the increase of the flowrate. However, observation indicates that the heat exchangers with low flowrate of Al2O3 exhibits lowest entropy generation among the three different cases. The analysis is also noticed that as the mass flowrate of the nanofluid augments, the exergy efficiency declines. However, TiO2 nanofluid had the most exergy efficiency value with 69.35% comparing to the others.
Reduced Order Method Applied to Optimization of External Ballistics
Authors: Jaden Helm , Dhainaut Jean-Michel
Published: January 2025

This study explores the application of Reduced Order Methods (ROM) in external ballistics, a domain traditionally less focused on than terminal ballistics. The primary objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of ROM in decreasing computational times during the design of modern Direct Fire Control Systems (DFCS). Through comparative analysis between traditional computational models and ROM-based models, this research highlights how ROM can streamline design processes and potentially enhance the development of DFCS. The findings underscore ROM’s potential to substantially advance the efficiency of solving 3-D ballistics problems, although its benefits are somewhat limited under constant atmospheric conditions during deployment. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of ROM’s capabilities, demonstrating its potential to significantly impact the rapid and cost-efficient advancement of ballistic systems in defense technology.
Optimizing Laser Cutting Parameters for Austenitic Stainless Steel: Insights From Gaussian Process Regression and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Atayo Asonganyi , Khan Talha , Nair Rajeev , Rahman Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Laser cutting is a crucial subtractive manufacturing process employed across various industries, including healthcare, manufacturing, and semiconductors. This study aims to develop a predictive model for laser cutting of austenitic stainless steel using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and to rank the importance of cutting parameters through sensitivity analysis. The research focuses on understanding the influence of input parameters (laser speed, gas type, laser power, and laser focus distance) on output variables such as kerf width, heat-affected zones, and surface roughness. The methodology combines GPR, a nonparametric Bayesian approach ideal for small datasets, with variance-based sensitivity analysis. GPR employs radial-based function and Marten kernels for covariance functions, while sensitivity analysis utilizes first-order and total effect indices to evaluate the significance of input factors and their interactions. Preliminary findings indicate that laser power has the most substantial influence (85%) on the cutting process, followed by laser speed (10%) and laser focus distance (< 5%). The study utilizes both experimental and computational data, analyzed using statistical and machine learning models implemented in Python. This research contributes to the optimization of laser cutting processes by identifying key parameters and their interactions. The findings have potential applications in improving cutting efficiency and quality across various industrial sectors. Future research could explore the integration of these insights into real-time process control systems and the extension of this methodology to other materials and laser cutting configurations.
A Novel Tesla-Type Valve to Reduce Dynamic Pressure Waves During High-Powered Rocket Ascent
Authors: Siewert Forest G. , Borgzinner Enrique M. , Armijo Adelina S. , O’Connor Dennis M.
Published: January 2025

Across many industries, there is a commonplace need to prevent backflow within systems where often a traditional check-valve can suffice. For instance, water pumps have check-valves to prevent pressure loss of supply lines. However, as check-valves have mixed materials and moving parts, they introduce complexity which may have negative effects in some applications. When fluid pressure is oscillatory, these valves can resonate as described by the spring-mass-damper model. In certain aerospace applications this phenomenon can lead to catastrophic failure. This conciliatory “chatter” causes valves to break down and degrade rapidly, leading to leaks and stoppages. SpaceX’s dragon capsule oxidizer valve experienced a failure mode that caused the nominal combustion pressure. The pressure propagation from the chamber must be sufficiently diminished such that it will not reach up stream components. In this paper, we expand on the utility of Tesla-valves to target specific events and their associated frequencies of pressure waves. Considering harmonic oscillatory pressure, we investigate the effect of incrementally adjusted frequencies to demonstrate the validity of superposition to enhance diodicity in tesla valves. While a significant amount of research studies has examined steady-state flow in Tesla-valves, far less have considered transient pressure mitigation. As part of the 2024 Spaceport American Cup and Experimental Payload Challenge, our team is designing a Tesla-type valve to reduce internal dynamic pressures in components during takeoff. To complete the experiment, a theoretical prediction of performance will be compared to the actual pressure measurements experienced during launch. Longitudinal pressure waves within channel flow are introduced to model the manifestation of rocket motor vibrations reaching the experimental payload. Data from previous high-powered rocket launches and engine hot fires are used to Control these pressure models. By considering altered geometries of Tesla-type valves, the amplitude of frequency specific pressure waves is shown to be reduced. CFD analysis with modeled longitudinal waves are simulated to predict the effectiveness of the different geometries. Use of transient CFD calculations yield the difference between inlet and outlet pressures as a function of time. Assessed in our study is the attenuation of rocket motor dynamic pressures waves to the proposed Spaceport American Cup competition payload with implications for wide-reaching applications.