bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening and Degradation Mechanism of a Cold‐Resistant Nitrobenzene‐Degrading Microorganism
Authors: Qiu Liping , Wang Hu , Wang Xuntao
Published: October 2017

A cold‐resistant nitrobenzene‐degrading strain was screened from river sediment. The strain was identified as Methylobacillus glycogens, which has never been reported to be capable of degrading nitrobenzene. The degradation rates of 900 μg/L nitrobenzene reached respectively 99.3% and 88.6% in 144 h under both aerobic and anaerobic environments (30 mL inoculation volume at 12 ± 0.5 °C and pH7.0 ± 0.1). When aerobically degraded, nitrobenzene was firstly oxidized into o‐nitrophenol, which was further oxidized into 1,2‐benzenediol, meanwhile releasing NO2−. Then the 1,2‐benzenediol was metabolized through either the ortho‐cleavage into succinic acid and acetyl‐CoA, or meta‐cleavage into pyruvic acid and acetaldehyde, as well as other small molecule substances of non‐toxicity or low‐toxicity, which were finally decomposed into CO2 and H2O. When anaerobically degraded, nitrobenzene was firstly degraded into aniline (C6H5NH2), which was further degraded into 4‐amino benzoic acid. The benzoic acid was degraded into benzoyl, which was finally metabolized and decomposed.
Rethinking the Mechanisms of Biological Phosphorus Removal
Authors: Barnard James L. , Dunlap Patrick , Steichen Mark
Published: October 2017

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was observed in high‐rate, non‐nitrifying plants in the United States that were operated in a plug‐flow mode. In facilities designed for nitrification and denitrification, a first‐stage anaerobic zone, free of nitrate and nitrite was needed to accomplish EBPR, and this is referred to as the Phoredox (a.k.a. the AO and A2O) process. When a biological mechanism responsible for EBPR was proposed, these treatment configurations were accepted as normal practice, but many later observations showed that more reliable phosphorus removal could be achieved with alternative configurations. This paper discusses the development of alternative configurations for EBPR and the likelihood that a host of phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) that react to different environmental conditions might play a much bigger role in reliable and sustainable biological phosphorus removal. The conclusion is that conventional designs might have inadvertently selected for less efficient PAOs, while alternative configurations allowed for the growth of multiple PAO species such as Tetrasphaera, which can ferment higher carbon forms and take up phosphorus under anoxic conditions.
An Early Model for Value and Sustainability in Health Information Exchanges: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Feldman Sue S
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

The primary value relative to health information exchange has been seen in terms of cost savings relative to laboratory and radiology testing, emergency department expenditures, and admissions. However, models are needed to statistically quantify value and sustainability and better understand the dependent and mediating factors that contribute to value and sustainability.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for early model development for health information exchange value and sustainability.

METHODS

A qualitative study was conducted with 21 interviews of eHealth Exchange participants across 10 organizations. Using a grounded theory approach and 3.0 as a relative frequency threshold, 5 main categories and 16 subcategories emerged.

RESULTS

This study identifies 3 core current perceived value factors and 5 potential perceived value factors—how interviewees predict health information exchanges may evolve as there are more participants. These value factors were used as the foundation for early model development for sustainability of health information exchange.

CONCLUSIONS

Using the value factors from the interviews, the study provides the basis for early model development for health information exchange value and sustainability. This basis includes factors from the research: fostering consumer engagement; establishing a provider directory; quantifying use, cost, and clinical outcomes; ensuring data integrity through patient matching; and increasing awareness, usefulness, interoperability, and sustainability of eHealth Exchange.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC ACTIVITIES OF HYDROETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF ACACIA CATECHU (L.F) WILLD
Authors: Balu Ramesh , V Jayabharathi
Published: November 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Acacia catechu (L.f) Willd. Methods: The A. catechu (L.f) Willd. leaf extract was subjected to antioxidant activities such as 1,1-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (OH−), nitric oxide radical (NO−), and superoxide radical (SO) scavenging assays. Further, the leaf extract was subjected to antihyperglycemic activity by α-amylase inhibition assay.Results: The free radical scavenging activity of the plant extract was found to increase with increase in concentration (20-100 μg/ml) and the maximum activity was obtained at 100 μg/ml, which was compared with the standard ascorbic acid. The percentage inhibition of free radicals was found to be 62.94±0.91%, 63.53±1.08%, 71.04±0.48%, and 51.50±0.86% for DPPH, OH−, NO−, and SO−, respectively. The IC50 for DPPH, OH−, NO−, and SO were recorded as 73.81±0.95, 69.03±0.58, 60.74±0.37, and 83.10±1.00 μg/ml. The IC50 value of α-amylase inhibitory activity was found to be 71.17 μg/ml.Conclusion: The present investigations suggest that the A. catechu (L.f) Willd may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant and antihyperglycemic agent that could have great importance in pharmaceutical preparations.
EFFECT OF ARTHROSPIRA PLATENSIS AS A FOOD SUPPLEMENT AGAINST SODIUM FLUORIDEINDUCED INTOXICATION ON SOFT TISSUES OF MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: Kandula Ravindra Reddy , Korlakunta Narasimha Jayaveera , Mitta Raghavendra
Published: November 2017

Objective: The objective of the present study was to explore the in vitro antioxidant and effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Arthrospira platensis (ASP) against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced toxic effects on soft tissues (heart, liver, and kidney).Methods: In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging, metal chelation, total antioxidant and reducing power assays, and total flavonoid and phenol content. In this study, 36 male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups of six animals each. Animals were served as Group I - normal control, Group II - toxic control, and Groups III, IV, and V - treatment groups, which received hydroalcoholic extract of ASP at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (p.o), respectively. Group VI served as plant control received hydroalcoholic extract of ASP at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight (p.o). All groups except Groups I and VI received NaF (100 ppm) through drinking water for 30 days.Results: Results showed that intoxication of NaF caused significant elevation of serum biomarkers of the heart, liver, and kidney and altered tissue oxidative stress markers’ levels. Administration of hydroalcoholic extract of ASP significantly normalized elevated serum levels of heart (p<0.001), liver (p<0.001, p<0.05), and kidney biomarkers (p<0.001). Decrease in lipid peroxidation and increase in reduced glutathione and catalase enzyme levels in a dose-dependent manner were observed in soft tissues (p<0.001, p<0.01, and p<0.05).Conclusion: The study revealed that ASP has good antioxidant and mitigative action against NaF intoxication on soft tissues.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF SIMANA LAGI APPLE ([MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.] “SIMANA LAGI”) GROWN IN EAST JAVA-INDONESIA
Authors: Fidrianny Irda , Fitrani Dhella , Kusmardiyani Siti , Rizaldy Defri , Ruslan Komar
Published: November 2017

Objectives: The goals of this research were to observe antioxidant properties from different parts of Simana lagi apple ([Malus domestica Borkh.] “Simana lagi”) using two antioxidant testing methods which were 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS) and correlation of total phenolic and flavonoid content with their inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS.Methods: Each sample was extracted by reflux using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evaporated using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH and ABTS assays, determination of total phenolic, and flavonoid content were carried out by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and correlation with their IC50 of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS activities were analyzed by Pearson’s method.Results: The ethanolic leaves extract (LV3) of Simana lagi apple also exposed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) (13.88 g gallic acid equivalents/100 g), while the highest total flavonoid content was presented by ethyl acetate extract (LV2) (7.21 g QE/100 g). The lowest IC50 of DPPH scavenging activity 0.19 μg/ml, and the lowest IC50 of ABTS scavenging activity 0.15 μg/ml was given by ethanolic flesh extract (FL3) of Simana lagi apple. There were significantly negative correlation between TPC in all different parts extracts of Simana lagi apple with their IC50 of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS.Conclusions: All different parts extracts of Simana lagi apple were categorized as very strong antioxidant by DPPH and ABTS method (except n-hexane peels extract and n-hexane LV by DPPH method, and n-hexane FE by ABTS method). The major contributor in antioxidant activities of peels, flesh and leaves extracts of Simana lagi apple by DPPH and ABTS methods were phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activities of peels, flesh and leaves extracts of Simana lagi apple showed linear results by DPPH and ABTS methods.
TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF REPRESENTATIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THAILAND
Authors: Chaiyasut Chaiyavat , Kesika Periyanaina , Chaiyasut Khontaros , Sittiyuno Piyanut , Peerajan Sartjin , Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram
Published: November 2017

Objective: Plants are the vital source of pharmaceutically important compounds with less or no adverse side effects. The current study was conducted to catalog the commonly used indigenous and medicinal plants of Thailand based on their phenolic acid content and antioxidant activity.Methods: The herbs were collected from Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The plants were extracted with 70% ethanol. The total phenolic acid content and antioxidant activity were evaluated.Results: The ethanolic extract of plant samples was prepared. Among the tested plant samples, Phyllanthus emblica Linn. and Terminalia belerica Roxb. showed highest phenolic content (Gallic acid equivalent [GAE]; 764.81 mg GAE/g sample) and antioxidant activity (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC]; 394.20 mg/g sample), respectively. About 94-97% of inhibition of free radical was detected in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay tested against the plant samples. The ethanolic extract of Anaxagorea luzonensis Gray., Terminalia sp., T. belerica Roxb, Terminalia chebula Retz., Albizia procera Benth., Harrisonia perforata Merr., and P. emblica Linn. exhibited 97.87, 96.08, 92.26, 86.74, 86.08, 84.47, and 83.13% of superoxide radical inhibition, respectively.Conclusion: The results suggested that T. belerica Roxb. possessed high TEAC ability and DPPH radical scavenging capacity and A. luzonensis Gray. exhibited high superoxide scavenging activity, when compared to that of the other tested samples. The additional detailed study is desirable to understand the complexity and distribution of bioactive compounds present in the commonly used plant species of Thailand.
OUTCOME OF SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF BIMALLEOLAR FRACTURES IN ADULTS
Authors: Bhargavevem Krishna , Kondlapudi Anvesh Kumar , Murari Sai Pavan Kumar , Murthy Srinivasa
Published: November 2017

Objectives: Appropriate management of malleolar injuries is crucial as the ankle is an important weight-bearing joint, and locomotion is determined by and dependent on joint stability. We studied the functional outcome of surgically managed bimalleolar fractures of the ankle.Methods: Fractures were classified anatomically and as per Lauge–Hansen, arbeitsgemeinschaft für osteosynthesefragen (AO)/orthopedic trauma association classification. The stability of the structures at the fracture site, the extent of damage, mechanism of injury was assessed. Radiologically, tibiofibular clear space of >6 mm and widening of the medial clear space of >4 mm were indicators of syndesmotic instability.All underwent open reduction and internal fixation under spinal and/epidural anesthesia. We used tension band wiring, malleolar screw, Kirschner wires (K-wires), cancellous screws for fixing medial malleolus; one-third tubular plate and K-wires for lateral malleolus. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks for 6 months, evaluated using Biard and Jackson’s ankle scoring system.Results: Of 30 patients, 25 (83.3%) were men. The right ankle was involved in 56.6%. Road traffic accident was the cause in 83.3%. 14 (46.6%) had supination external rotation injuries. The AO Type B was the most common (66.6%). All had a complete union, with a mean time for union 10.6 weeks (8-14 weeks). Functional scores were categorized into excellent (60%), good (26.6%), fair and poor (n=02 each). Superficial and deep infection (n=02 each), delayed union (n=01) were the complications.Conclusion: ORIF restores the articular congruity of the ankle joint. Cancellous or malleolar screws are better for fixation of the medial malleolus and lateral plating for fibular fractures.
ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF THYMOQUINONE POSSIBLY THROUGH INVOLVEMENT OF CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR
Authors: Jain Harshita , Jain Prateek , Ahirwar Bharti , Ahirwar Dheeraj
Published: November 2017

Objective: Present study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like activity of thymoquinone (TQ) in unstressed and stressed condition and to explore the possible underlying mechanism for this activity.Methods: TQ (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) and fluoxetine per se were administered to the unstressed and stressed mice; immobility periods were observed using forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Effect of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-1 antagonist on antidepressant-like activity was also evaluated. The mechanism of action was also explored by measuring plasma corticosterone levels.Results: TQ (20 mg/kg) and fluoxetine per se significantly decreased immobility periods in stressed mice indicating significant antidepressant-like activity under stress. There was no significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice on treatment with TQ and fluoxetine per se. It significantly decreased plasma corticosterone level. Antalarmin (a CRF-1 receptor antagonist) significantly attenuated TQ induced the antidepressant-like effect in both FST and TST.Conclusion: TQ significantly produced antidepressant-like activity in mice possi‑bly through inhibiting CRF activity and decreasing plasma corticosterone levels.
TOXICITY ANALYSIS OF RGD-CHITOSAN FROM SHRIMP SHELL SCAFFOLD MEMBRANES TOWARD HUMAN DENTAL PULP CELLS
Authors: Shabrina Mauldina , Suniarti Dewi Fatma , Amir Lisa R , Idrus Erik
Published: November 2017

Objective: This study aimed to analyze RGD-Chitosan from Shrimp Shells’ Scaffolds’ (RCSSS) and CSSS membrane toxicity toward human dental pulpcells.Methods: Human dental pulp cells were cultured for 5 days and then exposed to RCSSS or CSSS membranes for 24 hrs. Cell viability was determinedusing an MTT assay method.Results: Cell viability of the RCSSS group and CSSS group was higher than the cell viability of the control group. The cell viability of the RCSSSgroup 2 mg (537.39%) was significantly higher than the CSSS group 2 mg (301.74%).Conclusions: RCSSS membranes were not toxic toward human dental pulp cells and showed better effect toward human dental pulp cells comparedto CSSS membranes.
FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL STABILITY TEST OF GRISEOFULVIN MICROEMULSION GEL
Authors: Iradhati Anindya Hana , Jufri Mahdi
Published: November 2017

Objective: The main objective of this research is to make and evaluate the formulation of a griseofulvin microemulsion gel for topical use to increasethe solubility and safety of the drug.Methods: The optimized microemulsion formula contains 5% oleic acid as the oil phase, 25% Tween 80 as the surfactant, and 20% ethanol (96%)as the cosurfactant.Results: Organoleptic observations of the microemulsion showed that it had a clear and transparent yellowish color, while the microemulsion gel hada hazy yellowish color. Both the microemulsion and the microemulsion gel had the smell of alcohol. The size of the globules in the microemulsion andthe microemulsion gel was 158.0 nm and 226.0, respectively.Conclusions: The griseofulvin microemulsion gel was stable at 4°C±2°C, 25°C±2°C, and 40°C±2°C.
FORMULATION OF NIOSOMAL GEL CONTAINING GREEN TEA EXTRACT (CAMELLIA SINENSIS L. KUNTZE) USING THIN-LAYER HYDRATION
Authors: Isnan Astrid Permatasari , Jufri Mahdi
Published: November 2017

Objective: Green tea is known as a source of antioxidants. The most abundant of these is epigallocatechin gallate, which has been shown to modulatebiochemical pathways in the skin. Niosomes are an alternative to liposomal drug-vehicle systems, which have disadvantages such as cost and stability.To overcome the problem of low permeation of active substances through skin layers and to increase their stability, a topical antioxidant preparationbased on niosomes was prepared.Materials and Methods: To enhance drug stability, niosomal formulations were prepared in four different molar ratios of surfactant-to-cholesterol,that is, 3:1 (F1), 2:1 (F2), 1:1 (F3), and 0.5:1 (F4). These were prepared using the thin-layer method. The niosomal suspensions were evaluated forparticle size and distribution, lamellarity, encapsulation efficiency, and zeta potential, and were then incorporated into gels using hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as the gelling agent. The niosomal gels were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, stability, and antioxidant activityusing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl.Results: Results for the suspensions showed that F1 had the best encapsulation efficiency but experienced separation after 7 days.Conclusions: Results for the niosomal gels (using F3) showed stable formulation without changes.
EFFECT OF 70% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ORTHOSIPHONIS STAMINEUS BENTH LEAVES ON THE PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS OF FUROSEMIDE IN MALE WHITE RATS
Authors: Oktaviani Riana Maya , Sari Santi Purna , Harahap Yahdiana
Published: November 2017

Objective: This study aimed to observe the effect of the 70% ethanol extract of Orthosiphonis stamineus Benth leaves on the pharmacokineticparameters of furosemide in white male rats.Methods: 18 Sprague–Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: The normal control group was given only 1% carboxymethyl cellulose,the furosemide group was given 7.2 mg/200 g body weight (BW) suspension of furosemide, and the combination group was given 700 mg/kg BWsuspension of the 70% ethanolic extract of O. stamineus Benth leaves for 4 days followed by a 7.2 mg/200 g BW suspension of furosemide. On the4th day of treatment, we performed orbital sinus blood sampling on the eyes of the rats and analyzed the levels of furosemide in plasma using highperformanceliquid chromatography.Results: Therefore, the results showed that the administration of the 70% ethanol extract of O. stamineus Benth leaves improves the pharmacokineticparameters of furosemide on Cpmax and the area under the curve (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study concludes that the 70% ethanol extract of O. stamineus Benth leaves improves the pharmacokinetic parameters of furosemidein white male rats.
FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL EVALUATION OF MICROEMULSION AND W/O/W MULTIPLE EMULSIONS DOSAGE FORMS WITH ALPHA ARBUTIN, LACTIC ACID, AND NIACINAMIDE AS SKIN-WHITENING COSMETICS
Authors: Surini Silvia , Mellani Tina
Published: November 2017

Objective: The present study aimed to formulate and determine the physical stability of microemulsion and W/O/W multiple emulsions, containingα arbutin, lactic acid, and niacinamide, as skin-whitening cosmetics.Methods: A skin lightening effect can also be obtained from lactic acid, which accelerates the turnover of pigmented cells in the epidermis, andfrom niacinamide, which inhibits the transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes. These active ingredients were combined inmicroemulsion and W/O/W multiple emulsions dosage forms in various concentrations of Tween 80 as an emulsifier. An evaluation and physicalstability test were carried out during 12 weeks of storage at 28±2°C, 4±2°C, and 40±2°C, as well as a cycling test.Results: The results showed that a microemulsion could be prepared in 25-35% of Tween 80 (surfactant) and 10% of ethanol (co-surfactant), andthat it had globule sizes of 2.397-16.8 nm, a transparent, pseudoplastic flow, and was most stable in storage at 28±2°C. Microemulsion with 35% ofTween 80 was the most stable microemulsion formula because it had the smallest globule size, the most stable distribution profiles of globule sizes,and the highest viscosity. W/O/W multiple emulsions could formulated made with 2.5-4.5% of Tween 80 (external emulsifier) and 3% of Span 80(internal emulsifier); these emulsions had a pseudoplastic-thixotropic flow and were most stable in storage at 28±2°C.Conclusions: The formulation of multiple emulsions with 2.5% of Tween 80 was the most stable formula, with a stable distribution profile of globulesizes during 8 weeks of storage at temperatures of 28±2°C, 4±2°C, and 40±2°C.
IN SILICO BINDING INTERACTION STUDY OF MEFENAMIC ACID AND PIROXICAM ON HUMAN ALBUMIN
Authors: Djajadisastra Joshita , Purnama Hamka Decky , Yanuar Arry
Published: November 2017

Objective: A drug can replace other drugs in the same binding position in protein plasma, increasing pharmacological response due to the increasedfree drug concentration. Drug shifting is critical when a compound is tightly bound to a protein. For example, a binding fraction change, from 98% to94%, may increase the free fraction 3 times, from 2% to 6%. Knowing that there is an interaction between mefenamic acid and piroxicam on plasmaprotein, more specifically on human albumin, this study aimed to visualize the interaction between both drugs and human albumin in silico.Methods: This study used AutoDock4 as a molecular docking technique, obtaining binding visualizations, binding energies (ΔG), and inhibitionconstants (Ki) of both mefenamic acid-albumin and piroxicam-albumin bindings.Results: It is shown that the ΔG and Ki of both mefenamic acid and piroxicam are −5.47 kcal/mol (98.59 μM) and −7.46 kcal/mol (3.42 μM), respectively.Conclusions: The process of binding mefenamic acid to albumin can be substituted with piroxicam due to its higher ΔG and Ki values. It can bepredicted that this interaction will increase the free mefenamic acid concentration in blood plasma which, in turn, enhances the therapeutic effect.
EFFECT OF HYDROPHILICITY SURFACTANTS TOWARD CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO TRANSFERSOMES PENETRATION IN GELS USING FRANZ DIFFUSION TEST
Authors: Anggraini Wiranti , Sagita Erny , Iskandarsyah Iskandarsyah
Published: November 2017

Objective: Capsaicin is a bioactive compound with poor solubility in water. Transfersomes can increase the solubility and thus the penetration ofcapsaicin into the epidermis. Transfersomes also offer the advantage of being ultradeformable vesicles that are made using the thin layer hydrationmethod. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the hydrophilicity of surfactants on the characterization and in vitro penetrative ability ofcapsaicin transfersomes in gels using non-ionic surfactants with different hydrophile-lipophile balances, namely, Span 80, Tween 80, and a mixtureof Span 80, and Tween 80.Methods: The best characterization result for transfersomes is the formula using Tween 80. The total cumulative amount of capsaicin penetratedfrom the transfersome gel using Tween 80 is 1663.89±1.58 mg/cm2, the percentage is 57.96±0.05%, and the flux is 166.38±0.15 μg/cm2.hr−1.Results: In terms of the transfersome gel using a mixture of Span 80 and Tween 80, the cumulative amount of capsaicin penetrated is1539.8±21.23 μg/cm2, the percentage is 54.47±0.75%, and the flux is 153.98±2.12 μg/cm2.hr−1. Finally, from the transfersome gel using Span 80, thecumulative amount of capsaicin penetrated is 1395.10±7.23 mg/cm2, the percentage is 50.80±0.26%, and the flux is 139.51±0.72 mg/cm2.hr−1.Conclusions: The best characteristics resulted from the transfersome formulation using Tween 80, which demonstrated the highest entrapmentefficiency calculation result, the smallest particle size, the best deformability index, and the highest penetration when compared to the other twoformulations.
SIMULTANEOUS ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT OF 6-MERCAPTOPURINE AND 6-METHYLMERCAPTOPURINE IN DRIED BLOOD SPOT USING ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Ika Marlina , Andalusia Rizka , Supandi Supandi , Harahap Yahdiana
Published: November 2017

Objective: 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a chemotherapeutic agent in the antimetabolite class. It has to go through the metabolic pathway to form6-methyl MP (6-MMP). This study aimed to obtain an optimum and validated method for the analysis of 6-MP and 6-MMP in dried blood spot (DBS)samples simultaneously and to evaluate the potential for future drug concentration monitoring in DBS samples.Methods: The quality control and calibration curves were made by spotting 40 μL blood on DBS paper and dried for 3 hrs. DBS papers were cut with adiameter of 8 mm and extracted with acetonitrile-methanol (1:3) containing internal standard 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Separation was performed withwaters acquity ultra performance liquid chromatography BEH C18 column of 1.7 μm (2.1×100 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formicacid in water 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile with gradient elution and a flow rate of 0.2 mL/minute. Mass detection was performed using WatersXevo TQD with positive electrospray ionization (ESI) for 6-MP and 6-MMP and negative ESI for 5-FU in the multiple reaction monitoring mode.Results: The detection rates of 6-MP, 6-MMP, and 5-FU were 153.09>119.09, 167.17>126.03, and 129.09>42.05, respectively. This method was linearwith the range at 26-1000 ng/mL for 6-MP and 13-500 ng/mL for 6-MMP with consecutive r≥0.998 and ≥0.999, respectively. The % relative errorvalue and % relative standard deviation for accuracy and precision of intraday and interday were not more than 15% and not more than 20% at thelower limit of quantification concentration, respectively.Conclusions: This method fulfilled the requirements of selectivity, linearity, carry over, and matrix effects referring to the European Medicines Agencyguidelines.
EFFICACY OF MOUTH RINSE FORMULATION BASED ON CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE 0.1% IN THE CONTROL OF DENTAL CALCULUS BUILDUP
Authors: Maharani Diah Ayu , Ramadhani Alia , Adiatman Melissa , Wimardhani Yuniardini Septorini , Kusdhany Linda , Rahardjo Anton , Yavuz Izzet
Published: November 2017

Objective: This study aimed at comparing the antiplaque, anticalculus, and antigingivitis potentials of a mouth rinse containing essential oil, alcohol,zinc, and fluoride with a mouth rinse containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) 0.1% over 1-, 2-, and 3-month periods.Methods: This study was a double-blind, parallel randomized clinical trial with a 3-day run-in phase. Respondents were asked to gargle twice dailywith 15 ml of mouth rinse for 30 seconds after brushing teeth. Respondents were 80 females with a mean age of 21 years, and a single dental examinerwas employed throughout the study to decrease the variance. Prophylaxis was performed for all respondents before the intervention. Three mouthrinses were tested: Group 1 with the mouth rinse containing CPC 0.1%, Group 2 as the negative control, and Group 3 as the positive control with amouth rinse containing alcohol. Evaluations were conducted by plaque index, gingival index, calculus index, and CariScreen examinations.Results: The clinical trial showed that the mouth rinse with alcohol and the mouth rinse containing CPC 0.1% were effective in inhibiting bacterialbuildup (antiplaque) and have anticalculus properties, but with no statistically significant antigingivitis effect.Conclusion: It was found that the mouth rinse containing alcohol has similar effectiveness with CPC 0.1% mouth rinse, but side effects, such as aburning sensation, were reported in the alcohol-containing mouth rinse.
La privacidad individual y el impacto en ella de la tecnología de computadora
Authors: Cuello Nieto César
Published: November 2017

Analizar resumen según el género
Formas de reproducción de la FT azucarera : caso del ingenio Barahona
Authors: Sabbagh Ivette , Tavárez Dinorah
Published: November 2017

Este texto analiza como funciona la reproducción social de la fuerza de trabajo asalariada del Ingenio Barahona y cuáles son las modalidades concretas de esa reproducción. Donde podemos concluir que mientras la reproducción de los miembros de la familia de los trabajadores del sector agrícola se realiza basicamente en el sector capitalista agrario.
La unidad campesina productora de maní : tierra y fuerza de trabajo
Authors: Valdez Guadalupe
Published: November 2017

Este texto analiza la economía campesina la cual se realiza en unidades de producción de pequeñas escalas, donde predominan la relaciones de producción no salariales, están limitadas o ausentes las posibilidades de acumulación donde el propósito principal de esta actividad no es obtener o maximizar una ganancia, sino asegurar una subsistencia. Por tanto se puede concluir que la fuerza de trabajo en la unidad campesina productora de maní está compuesta de trabajo familiar, de trabajo salariado y de una combinación de ambos; siendo la fuerza familiar la más predominante, dado que es una fuerza de trabajo no remunerada.
El debate actual sobre la reforma agraria (notas para una propuesta de estudio)
Authors: Dore Cabral Carlos
Published: November 2017

Este texto analiza los distintos criterios de la Reforma Agraria, donde nos limitaremos al tratamiento de los programas gubernamentales de reformas agrarias y dentro de estos a los que tienen lugar a partir de la Alianza para el Progreso y sólo en los países de América Latina en que nunca se han producido revoluciones agragias.
Bibliografía sobre política dominicana publicada en inglés
Authors: CyS Ciencia y Sociedad
Published: November 2017

A continuación este texto muestra referencias sobre política dominicana publicada en ingles.
Poder municipal, democracia y participación
Authors: Pérez César
Published: November 2017

Este texto incrementa a tomar conciencia sobre la gravedad de la crisis de gobierno, del deterioro ambiental, del incremento de la pobreza de los sectores explotados por la voracidad del gran capital, del deterioro de los servicios en las ciudades, de la crisis moral del país, así como, finalmente, de los problemas del municipio. Por tanto esta situación pasa por una instrumentalización por parte de ellos, de nuestra herencia de municipio sujeta a los intereses del poder central, de una práctica municipal poco desarrollada.
Derivada generalizada
Authors: Báez Daniel
Published: November 2017

Este texto analiza las constribuciones realizadas por las escuelas francesa, alemana, rusa e italiana. En estas se pueden ver dos vertientes: en lo extensivo y en lo intensivo, o lo que es igual, hacia la generalización y hacia la delimitación de los campos.
Desafío a la excelencia profesoral : profesionalismo, personal a tiempo parcial y cambio
Authors: Martorana Sebastian V
Published: November 2017

Este texto analiza los determinantes de la calidad de la educación superior, en la cual la atención se centra en el profesorado. La presencia de un profesorado sobresaliente se considerada como la mejor garantía de una institución sobresaliente, de tal manera que la relación a veces se presenta de forma axiomática: "un profesorado excelente equivale a una institución excelente".
Informe del resultado de la prueba exploratoria del área de letras a estudiantes del colegio Universitario de la UASD
Authors: Céspedes Noris , Arvelo Ivette
Published: November 2017

Este texto analiza los resultados de la prueba de letras, la cual se dividió en cuatro bloques: ortografía, información gramatical, sintaxis y análisis e interpretación de textos. Por tanto se puede decir que los bachilleres que ingresan a la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo no tienen un dominio del área de lenguaje que les permite un desenvolvimiento académico a un nivel superior.
Conocimiento del léxico básico
Authors: González Antonio
Published: November 2017

Este texto evalúa el estudio realizado sobre una muestra del 3% de la población estudiantil de último año de educación media en Santo Domingo, Distrito Nacional, el cuál arroja datos importantes que justifican la realización de una investigación más amplia en el conocimiento del léxico básico. Estos datos serviran de base para la formulación, descripción y comprobación de la hipótesis.
Sugerencia para una propuesta metodológica de la enseñanza de la lengua a través de las funciones discursivas
Authors: Almonte Francia , Sánchez Lourdes
Published: November 2017

Este texto evalúa la metodología de la enseñanza de la lengua que está fundamentada en las siguientes premisas: toda enseñanza de la lengua debe estar fundamentada en su uso; existe una relación directa entre los procesos discursivos en su actualización real y las estructuras e ideologías; toda enseñanza de la lengua debe establecer la necesaria relación que existe entre lengua y cultura.
Procesos de adsorción en soluciones acuosas
Authors: Contreras Pérez José Bernardino
Published: November 2017

Este texto describe el proceso de adsorción el cual se fundamenta de la instalación de filtros industriales, para eliminar las partículas de polvos contenido en el humo de las chimeneas, o sustancias químicas indeseables en líquidos.
Efectos de Lectuca sativa, Annona muricata y Tamarindus indica sobre la conducta exploratoria de ratones
Authors: Albaine Pons José Ramón
Published: November 2017

Este texto muestra la conducta de 200 ratones en la prueba de campo abierto bajo los efectos de las inyecciones (IP) de extractos de hojas frescas de Lectuca sativa, Tamaridus indica y Annona muricata a distintas concentraciones.
El lenguaje como función superior humana : aportaciones de Vygotski y Luria
Authors: Zaiter Josefina
Published: November 2017

Este texto muestra las aportaciones hechas por Lev. S. Vygotski y Alexander R. Luria al estudio del lenguaje humano. Las investigaciones realizadas por estos científicos han sido y son de una transcendencia fundamental para el avance de la psicología como disciplina, ya que hicieron posible superar las limitaciones teóricas y metodológica con lo que llevaron a una más adecuada comprensión de los fenemenos del comportamiento humano.
Bibliografía sobre democracia, elecciones y partidos políticos : República Dominicana - América Latina
Authors: CyS Ciencia y Sociedad
Published: November 2017

A continuación este texto muestra referencias sobre democracia, elecciones y partidos políticos de la República Domininicana y de  América Latina.
El desconsuelo de la filosofía
Authors: Molina Andrés
Published: November 2017

Este texto de Andres Molina muestra algunas ideas esenciales de la filosofia medieval y del lugar que ocupa la obra de Boecio. Se concluye que la filosofia no esta en decadencia sino que por lo contrario muestra salud y energia.
La tasa de interés y el financiamiento a la microempresa y el sector informal en la República Dominicana
Authors: Reyes Rolando
Published: November 2017

En las instituciones dedicadas a la promoción de la microempresa y el sector informal aparece la contradicción entre rentabilidad social y financiera como estrategia de trabajo. Se propone un modelo de rentabilidad compuesta que permitiría eliminar dicha contradicción.
Equilibrio de adsorción de mezclas binarias en carbón activado
Authors: Contreras Pérez José Bernardino
Published: November 2017

Mezclas binarias de fenol-piridina; ácido P-aminobenzónico-fenol y piridina fenol fueron adsorbidas en carbón activado manteniendo constante las concentraciones del segundo componente del par. Las isotermas mostraron una apreciable disminución de las cantidades adsorbidas al compararlas con las isotermas simples. La competencia entre los componentes por ocupar un mismo lugar en la superficie del adsorbente es la responsable de la disminución producida en las cantidades adsorbidas. /p>
Desarrollos recientes en teoría organizacional : una revisión
Authors: Hall Richard H.
Published: November 2017

Este artículo revisa y evalúa cinco importantes perspectivas teóricas sobre las organizaciones. Tales perspectivas o modelos son los siguientes: ecología de poblaciones, dependencia de recursos, costos de las transacciones, racional e institucional. Se presentan las ventajas aportadas por cada modelo así como también las limitaciones de cada uno. La conclusión del análisis es que los modelos teóricos no deben ser concebidos como suficientes tomados por separado. Más bien los modelos son utilizados más apropiadamente cuando se les usa combinadamente
Orientaciones teórico-metodológicas en lingüística aplicada en enseñanza de la lengua
Authors: Matos Moquete Manuel
Published: November 2017

Se exponen las orientaciones básicas de la lingüística aplicada. en la enseñanza de la lengua. Se enumeran las premisas de la lingüística estructuralista y las consecuencias pedagógicas que de éstas se derivan en la enseñanza de las lenguas, y las críticas de los pedagogos hacia la lingüística y los esfuerzos hacia la formación de una didáctica de las lenguas. Se propone una perspectiva translingüística que supere los obstáculos de la lingüística aplicada bajo la orientación del estructuralismo.
Dos novelas didácticas de Jaime Colson
Authors: Di Pietro Giovanni
Published: November 2017

Este textto de Giovanni Di Pietro abarca las dos novelas didacticas de Jaime Colson: El maestro del vale (Ciudad Trujillo: Montalvo, 1951) y Las dos aldeas (ivi, 1954), son novelas preocupadas por el desarrollo de la sociedad dominicana, es decir, didacticas, como el titulo lo sugiere.
Alimentos irradiados
Authors: Fernández Martínez Antonio
Published: November 2017

En todo el mundo se irradia y se han irradiado por muchos años, diversos tipos de alimentos. En este trabajo se hace una labor de recopilación de los principales alimentos irradiados, sobre todo aquellos que tienen vigencia en nuestro país. Se analiza la irradiación de bulbos, sobre todo las papas y cebollas, las frutas, y varios tipos de granos y cereales; así como los pollos, por la importancia actual para nosotros y a continuación los pescados, por la importancia posible. De modo más general se estudian otros productos irradiados como el ajo, las salchichas, las carnes, huevo en polvo. En cada caso se señalan las dosis de irradiación aceptadas y los fines perseguidos por la irradiación. La información sobre los países que aceptan cada tipo de alimento irradiado puede ser útil para fines de exportación.
Procesos de desarrollo y consolidación de la democracia en la República Dominicana
Authors: Latorre Eduardo
Published: November 2017

Este texto del Dr. Eduardo Latorre abarca los procesos de desarrollo y consolidacion de la democracia en la Republica Dominicana, un paso para poder superar el sistema caudillista esta en la modernizacion de los actores politicos. Si los partidos politicos responden a una organizacion interna caudillista, donde no hay participacion real, si seleccion democratica de los lideres, dificilmente cuando sus candidatos ganan puestos electivos en el Estado, su comportamiento va a ser diiferente a la experiencia habitual. Por tanto la democracia y el desarrollo van juntos de la mano, pues se aspira a una sociedad en que cada individuo este en condiciones de poder alcanzar su potencial, libre de obstaculos politicos, economicos y sociales que se lo impidan, y donde sean las mayorias, como autentica voz del puueblo, las que determinen el camino a seguir y a que velocidad.
Mitos lingüísticos en los diarios y otros escritos de Colón
Authors: Céspedes Diogenes
Published: November 2017

Este texto de Diogenes Cespedes abarca los mitos lingüísticos en los diarios y otros escritos de Cristóbal Colón que aparecen en el Diario de navegación.
Las relaciones entre Haití y República Dominicana
Authors: Silié Rubén , Alexandre Guy
Published: November 2017

Se recogen algunas inquietudes acerca de la importancia histórica de las relaciones entre Haití y la República Dominicana, como estados fronterizos obligados a tomar en consideración los intereses de la sociedad civil, que datan desde antes de la formación de los estados insulares. Presentan una propuesta de agenda para esas relaciones.
En torno a la ecuación desarrollo científico y tecnológico igual a progreso social
Authors: Cuello Nieto César
Published: November 2017

Se cuestiona la tesis de que el desarrollo científico y tecnológico es la panacea para humanidad. Se analizan los pensamientos de Saint-Simon, Marx, los clásicos de la Economía Política A principios del siglo XX la ideología saintsimoniana toma dos orientaciones: una marxista y otra que sirve de soporte ideológico al avance científico y tecnológico del mundo occidental. Se revisan las ideas de Marshall y Taylor. Con la adopción del taylorismo por Lenin se afirma que no hay diferencia esencial entre las dos tendencias mencionadas que pues en ambas se explota al hombre. La ecuación desarrollo científico y tecnológico igual a progreso social es otro determinismo social en que hay enajenación de una mayoría y destrucción irracional del medio ambiente.
Los insecticidas : consecuencias de su práctica abusiva
Authors: Brechelt Andrea
Published: November 2017

La plaga es el aumento dañino en la densidad de ciertos organismos al romperse el control natural que mantiene el equilibrio ecológico debido a diversas causas como monocultivos, eliminación de la vegetación silvestre, introducción de cultivos exóticos, efecto de los plaguicidas sobre los enemigos naturales de las plagas, ingreso a un país de un nuevo organismo Se analizan los diversos insecticidas como solución a las plagas clasificándolos en organoclorados, organofosforados, carbamatos, piretroides. Se estudian los problemas que presentan, empezando por el problema humano de la frecuente ignorancia por parte de quienes los aplican, lo cual produce daños al propio aplicador Otros problemas son el efecto sobre los consumidores de productos agrícolas tratados por plaguicidas; el impacto sobre el medio ambiente, en particular sobre el aire, suelo, aguas y elementos bióticos Se proponen métodos alternativos para el control de las plagas: uso inteligente de las leyes ecológicas; uso de extractos botánicos en lugar de insecticidas sintéticos.
Necesidad del diagnóstico preliminar de las zonas costeras
Authors: Martínez José M.
Published: November 2017

Este texto del Ing. José M. Martínez analiza la necesidad del diagnostico preliminar de las zonas costeras, con el objetivo fundamental de presentar una descripcion y análisis de todos los factores naturales y antrópicos.
Los efectos de la contaminación con tolueno en las comunidades epilíticas bacterianas en un arroyo
Authors: Jesús Indhira I. de
Published: November 2017

Los efectos de la contaminación con tolueno en las comunidades epilíticas bacterianas en un arroyo fueron estudiados comparando muestras provenientes de la parte contaminada del arroyo con muestras de la parte limpia. Dicha comparación fue basada en la habilidad relativa de cada comunidad para degradar tolueno, en la abundancia relativa de organismos capaces de degradar tolueno, y en la respectiva proporción de organismos degradadores de tolueno dentro de la comunidad heterotrófica. Se encontró que muestras tomadas en la parte contaminada del arroyo eran capaces de degradar tolueno aproximadamente diez veces más rápido que aquellas tomadas de la parte no contaminada. Bacterias con la capacidad de degradar tolueno forman de un 4 a un 7% de la comunidad heterotrófica en la parte contaminada, mientras que estas bacterias forman sólo un 0.12 a 0.14% de la población heterotrófica en la parte limpia. Sin embargo, números totales de bacterias y números totales de heterótrofos, con respecto al peso de biomasa, no ha sido significativamente afectado por la presencia del tolueno. Nuestros resultados indican que la comunidad epilítica bacteriana se ha adaptado a la presencia del tolueno en el arroyo.
Las presas en material suelto . consideraciones sobre derrumbes ocurridos y sus causas
Authors: Spada Ambrogio
Published: November 2017

En muchas partes las presas de hormigón están dando paso a las presas en material suelto. En el presente trabajo se estudian las características de estas últimas y los pasos a dar para encontrar la solución adecuada. Se analizan las presas a sección homogénea, las presas zonificadas con núcleo ancho, con núcleo delgado, con núcleo inclinado, presas con manto impermeable y las de rellenos hidráulicos. Como contraejemplo se estudia el derrumbe de la presa de Tetón en Idaho y las experiencias adquiridas. Por fin se analizan las tendencias actuales en cuanto a los estudios preliminares, diseño, seguridad, construcción y evaluación final.
Las reformas económicas y la cultura de la ilegalidad
Authors: Ceara Hatton Miguel
Published: November 2017

Este texto de Miguel Ceara Hatton muestra el proceso de reformas iniciado en 1990 en la República Dominicana. Donde las reformas tenían como objetivo declarado "modernizar" al país.
Profundización y ampliación de la reforma arancelaria en la República Dominicana
Authors: Dauhajre E. Andrés
Published: November 2017

Este texto aborda lo concerniente la profundización y ampliación de la Reforma Aranceleria en la República Dominicana. La profundización de la reforma arancelaria constituye un acto de justifica frente a la gran masa de dominicanos que viven en la indigencia y la pobreza, a esto se suma el factor de los altos aranceles, lo que hace que los inversionistas coloquen su capital en sectores que no exhiben ventajas comparativas naturales.
Ajuste estructural y apertura comercial en la República Dominicana : impactos en las ramas industriales productoras de bienes de consumo
Authors: Reyes Rolando
Published: November 2017

Este texto evalúa los impactos de la apertura y el ajuste estructural en conjunto de las ramas seleccionadas del sector industrial dominicano, el impacto del ajuste estructural del sector y la reducción arancelaria y cambios en los ingresos fiscales del bienestar privado.
Apuntes para una efectiva detección de necesidades de adiestramiento
Authors: Mercedes Cándido
Published: November 2017

Este texto muestra la detección de las necesidades de adiestramiento y capacitación, demostrando que esto es un análisis comparativo entre las tareas realizadas en la realidad contra la demanda de tareas que presenta la organización.