bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical scheme of nonvolatile strain-switchable high/low resistance based on novel strain-tunable magnetic anisotropy in the Mn2.25Co0.75Ga0.5Sn0.5/MgO superlattice
Authors: Liu Yuan , Huang Li , Liu Hongshuang , Wang Liying
Published: March 2022

Strain-induced magnetic anisotropy reversal and 100% spin polarization are realized in the MCGS/MgO system, which can be used in magnetic tunnel junctions where the high/low resistance is rotated solely by the voltage-generated strain.
Understanding the wetting discrepancy in calcium alumino silicate hydrate induced by Al/Si ratio
Authors: Hou Dongshuai , Zheng Heping , Duan Yuying , Wang Pan , Wan Xiaomei , Yin Bing , Wang MuHan , Wang XinPeng
Published: March 2022

Changes in the wettability of CASH with different Al/Si ratios.
What controls the magnetic anisotropy in heptacoordinate high-spin cobalt(ii) complexes? A theoretical perspective
Authors: Comba Peter , Rajaraman Gopalan , Sarkar Arup , Velmurugan Gunasekaran
Published: March 2022

A ligand field analysis based on ab initio calculations of a series of pentagonal bipyramidal high-spin cobalt(ii) complexes shows that subtle changes of the in-plane ligand field can be used to tune the zero-field splitting in this type of complex.
On the roles of methionine and the importance of its microenvironments in redox metalloproteins
Authors: Gibbs Curtis A. , Fedoretz-Maxwell Brooklyn P. , Warren Jeffrey J.
Published: March 2022

The amino acid residue methionine (Met) is often thought of as a ligand in redox metalloproteins, but its roles and interactions can be much more diverse.
Electrolyte design implications of ion-pairing in low-temperature Li metal batteries
Authors: Holoubek John , Kim Kangwoon , Yin Yijie , Wu Zhaohui , Liu Haodong , Li Mingqian , Chen Amanda , Gao Hongpeng , Cai Guorui , Pascal Tod A. , Liu Ping , Chen Zheng
Published: March 2022

The reversibility of Li metal batteries suffers beneath 0 °C due to a heightened charge-transfer barrier. Herein, the introduction of ion-pairs within the electrolyte is shown to improve this behavior, enabling hundreds of cycles down to −40 °C.
Layered 2D PtX2 (X = S, Se, Te) for the electrocatalytic HER in comparison with Mo/WX2 and Pt/C: are we missing the bigger picture?
Authors: Anantharaj Sengeni , Noda Suguru
Published: March 2022

A critical perspective that questions the use of PtX2 for the HER when we have a better performing Pt/C while analysing the potential ways in which PtX2 can actually be better than Pt/C.
Gut microbiota can utilize prebiotic birch glucuronoxylan in production of short-chain fatty acids in rats
Authors: Kynkäänniemi Emma , Lahtinen Maarit H. , Jian Ching , Salonen Anne , Hatanpää Timo , Mikkonen Kirsi S. , Pajari Anne-Maria
Published: March 2022

Birch-derived polyphenol and fiber (glucuronoxylan, GX)-rich extract and highly purified GX-rich extract support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, suppress the harmful ones, and increase the production of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA).
Fish allergens of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) parvalbumin triggers food allergy via inducing maturation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells and driving Th2 immune response
Authors: Wu Yeting , Lu Youyou , Huang Yuhao , Lin Hong , Xu Mengyao , Ahmed Ishfaq , Chen Guanzhi , Chen Yan , Li Zhenxing
Published: March 2022

A high-efficiency evaluation system for allergen sensitization via index changes.
Topologically controlled circuits of human iPSC-derived neurons for electrophysiology recordings
Authors: Girardin Sophie , Clément Blandine , Ihle Stephan J. , Weaver Sean , Petr Jana B. , Mateus José C. , Duru Jens , Krubner Magdalena , Forró Csaba , Ruff Tobias , Fruh Isabelle , Müller Matthias , Vörös János
Published: March 2022

We present a method to build microcircuits of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons with a controlled topology. The circuits are compatible with imaging and microelectrode array experiments.
Selective cell retrieval method using light-responsive gas-generating polymer-based microarrays
Authors: Ueno Hidetaka , Akagi Yoshinori , Yamamura Shohei
Published: March 2022

We developed a novel method for the separation and selective retrieval of cells using light-responsive gas-generating polymer microarrays that generate N2 gas in response to light of a specific wavelength from a normal fluorescence microscope.
Total synthesis of streptovertidione and bioinspired transformation to streptovertidine A and formicapyridine A
Authors: Zhang Quan , He Haibing , Gao Shuanhu
Published: March 2022

We report herein a concise total synthesis of streptovertidione, and its transformation to streptovertidine A and formicapyridine A through a bioinspired pyridination.
Selective synthesis and magnetic properties of iron silicide (Fe3Si and FeSi) at low temperature
Authors: Chen Zhe , Wang Liangbiao , Cheng Qinglin , Zhang Kailong , Song Xiaokai , Mei Tao , Yun Taotao , Dai Jiali
Published: March 2022

Iron silicide (Fe3Si and FeSi) particles have been selectively synthesized through a solid-state reaction route.
High-pressure bandgap engineering and amorphization in TiNb2O7 single crystals
Authors: Jia Shufan , Zhou Qiang , Li Fangfei , Hu Yuxin , Wang Chenning , Wang Xiaohan , He Songying , Li Xinyang , Li Liang , Cui Tian
Published: March 2022

Titanium niobate (TiNb2O7) possesses excellent photocatalytic properties, dielectric properties, and lithium-insertion capacity. The bandgap of TiNb2O7 has been engineered by high-pressure up to 47.0 GPa. Its bandgap and color are reversible.
NIR luminescence thermometers based on Yb–Nd coordination compounds for the 83–393 K temperature range
Authors: Orlova Anastasia V. , Kozhevnikova Vladislava Yu. , Goloveshkin Alexander S. , Lepnev Leonid S. , Utochnikova Valentina V.
Published: March 2022

The first NIR emitting high-temperature luminescent thermometer was obtained based on trimetallic 9-anthracenates of Yb–Nd–Gd, and its theoretical description is provided. The whole working range is 83–393 K.
Unraveling the coordination approach of Eu(iii) in cyphos nitrate ionic liquid – a comprehensive luminescence spectroscopy study
Authors: Rout Alok , Kumar Satendra , Ramanathan N.
Published: March 2022

A luminescent spectroscopy probe is an effective tool to ascertain the precise status of Eu(iii) coordination in the ionic liquid phase. Many of the unrevealed facts in IL based solvent extraction results have been explored by luminescence spectroscopy.
Engineering an oxygen-vacancy-mediated step-scheme charge carrier dynamic coupling WO3−X/ZnFe2O4 heterojunction for robust photo-Fenton-driven levofloxacin detoxification
Authors: Das Kundan Kumar , Mansingh Sriram , Sahoo Dipti Prava , Mohanty Ritik , Parida Kulamani
Published: March 2022

Schematic representation of the photo-Fenton degradation of levofloxacin under solar-light illumination.
A 1D chiral infinite chain organic metal halide hybrid with excellent SHG switching and moderate spontaneous polarization
Authors: Zhuang Jia-Chang , Tan Yui-Hui , Fan Xiao-Wei , Tang Yun-Zhi , Song Ning , Zhang Yi-Hua , Zhang Hao , Chen Shao-Peng
Published: March 2022

A 1D chiral lead-free organic metal halide hybrid C8H20Cl5N2O2Sb (1) was successfully synthesized. Compound 1 reveals a phase transition and has a SHG “ON–OFF” switchable property, and also have ferroelectric.
d-Mannitol based surfactants for cosmetic and food applications and hydrogels to produce stabilized Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Santosh Kumar , Dey Swapan , Schneider Manfred P. , Nandi Sukhendu
Published: March 2022

A novel synthetic approach for lipid modification of mannitol for hydrogelation, cosmetic and food application.
Carbon-quantum-dot-modified ZnS nanospheres for highly efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhong Yueyao , Wang Shouzhi , Zhang Shiying , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2022

CQDs modified ZnS nanospheres are modulated by tuning the addition of l-cysteine, and the CQDs attached on ZnS nanospheres plays an important role in improving the electron mobility and active areas, which determine the electrocatalytic performance.
Unprecedented diterpenoid dimers with soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitory effect from Euphorbia fischeriana
Authors: Zhao Wen-Yu , Sun Cheng-Peng , Chang Yi-Bo , Wang Wei-Yi , Yan Jian-Kun , Lv Xia , Wang Chao , Ma Xiao-Chi
Published: March 2022

Two unprecedented diterpenoids possibly derived from Michael addition into dimeric skeletons linked by monomeric ent-abietanes through C-17–C-12′ or C-17–C-11′ were identified from the medicinal herb Euphorbia fischeriana.
Optimization of dialdehyde soluble soybean polysaccharide: preparation by response surface methodology for cleaner leather tanning
Authors: Zhu Haolin , Liu Hui , Tang Keyong , Liu Jie , Zheng Xuejing , Pei Ying , Zhong Jide
Published: March 2022

Leather is widely used in daily necessities, such as shoes and bags.
Updated Gaia-2MASS 3D maps of Galactic interstellar dust
Authors: Lallement R. , Vergely J. L. , Babusiaux C. , Cox N. L. J.
Published: March 2022

Aims. Three-dimensional (3D) maps of Galactic interstellar dust are a tool for a wide range of uses. We aim to construct 3D maps of dust extinction in the Local Arm and surrounding regions.

Methods. To do this, Gaia EDR3 photometric data were combined with 2MASS measurements to derive extinction towards stars with accurate photometry and relative uncertainties on EDR3 parallaxes of less than 20%. We applied our hierarchical inversion algorithm adapted to inhomogeneous spatial distributions of target stars to this catalogue of individual extinctions.

Results. We present the updated 3D dust extinction distribution and provide an estimate of the error on integrated extinctions from the Sun to each area in the 3D map. The full computational area is similar to the one of the previous DR2 map, that is to say with a 6 × 6 × 0.8 kpc3 volume around the Sun. Due to the addition of fainter target stars, the volume in which the clouds can be reconstructed has increased. Due to the improved accuracy of the parallaxes and photometric data in EDR3, extinctions among neighbouring targets are more consistent, allowing one to reach an increased contrast in the dense areas, while cavity contours are more regular. We show several comparisons with recent results on dust and star distributions. The wavy pattern around the Plane of the dust concentrations is better seen and exists over large regions. Its mean vertical peak-to-peak amplitude is of the order of 300 pc; interestingly, it is similar to the vertical period of the spectacular snail-shaped stellar kinematical pattern discovered in Gaia data.

Conclusions. The Gaia EDR3 catalogue allows for a significant improvement of the extinction maps to be made, both in extent and quality. The hierarchical technique confirms its efficiency in the inversion of massive datasets. Future comparisons between 3D maps of interstellar matter and stellar distributions may help to understand which mergers or internal perturbations have shaped the Galaxy within the first 3 kpc.
Analysis of the Stokes–Darcy problem with generalised interface conditions
Authors: Eggenweiler Elissa , Discacciati Marco , Rybak Iryna
Published: March 2022

Fluid flows in coupled systems consisting of a free-flow region and the adjacent porous medium appear in a variety of environmental settings and industrial applications. In many applications, fluid flow is non-parallel to the fluid–porous interface that requires a generalisation of the Beavers–Joseph coupling condition typically used for the Stokes–Darcy problem. Generalised coupling conditions valid for arbitrary flow directions to the interface are recently derived using the theory of homogenisation and boundary layers. The aim of this work is the mathematical analysis of the Stokes–Darcy problem with these generalised interface conditions. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution of the coupled problem. The well-posedness is guaranteed under a suitable relationship between the permeability and the boundary layer constants containing geometrical information about the porous medium and the interface. We study the validity of the obtained results for realistic problems numerically and provide a benchmark for numerical solution of the Stokes–Darcy problem with generalised interface conditions.
Interhemispheric variability of the electron density and derived parameters by the Swarm satellites during different solar activity
Authors: Kotova Daria , Jin Yaqi , Miloch Wojciech
Published: March 2022

With the data from the Swarm satellite mission, we study the variability of ionospheric plasma parameters for low and high solar activities. We focus on the electron density measured by Swarm and derived parameters and analyze the variability of these parameters in the contexts of the Northern and Southern hemispheres, specific latitudinal regions, and the solar activity level. We consider two time intervals: with high solar activity (HSA) from August 2014 to July 2015 and with low solar activity (LSA) from January to December 2018. We show that the electron density is described mainly by three probability density functions (PDF): exponentiated Weibull, lognormal, and chi distributions. These results with PDFs can be applied to the modeling or prediction of ionospheric parameters in different regions. The best fit of PDFs was obtained for low and mid-latitudes, while at high latitudes and in the polar caps, the double-peaked features of the distribution require the fit of multiple PDFs. The electron density (Ne) distribution at low latitudes follows more a lognormal distribution, while in the high latitude region, the chi distribution prevails. Different results were obtained for the rate of change of density index (RODI) with two fitting PDFs: lognormal or exponentiated Weibull, where the best fits are for high latitudes and polar caps. We demonstrate high variability in the electron density and derived parameters at low latitudes and in the polar caps. Comparing both hemispheres, we obtained higher values of these parameters during the solar minimum in the Southern hemisphere at high latitudes and polar caps, while for the Northern hemisphere, higher values were obtained at low latitudes. The dependence on the satellite’s altitude was also considered. The main patterns in the diurnal variation of parameters in different regions do not depend on the level of solar activity (which affects only the maximum values). The largest asymmetry between both hemispheres inNediurnal distribution was obtained for the polar cap regions. Here a 50% decrease inNewas observed in the Northern hemisphere during HSA in the early morning sector (04–07 Magnetic Local Time), which has not yet been observed in the Southern hemisphere. For the first time, such a global statistical characterization of the ionospheric plasma density based on the in situ data is presented.
Normaldruckglaukome
Authors: Prokosch Verena , Zwingelberg Sarah Barbara , Mercieca Karl
Published: March 2022

Das Normaldruckglaukom wird definiert wird als primär chronisches Offenwinkelglaukom, bei dem kein erhöhter Augeninnendruck vorliegt. Trotz normalem Augeninnendruck ist das primäre Ziel der
Behandlung die Augeninnendrucksenkung, mit der es gelingen kann, die Erkrankung aufzuhalten. Dieser Artikel soll eine Übersicht über Epidemiologie, Ätiologie, Pathogenese, klinische Befunde
sowie Therapien geben.
Strukturierte Auswertung der multiparametrischen MRT der Mamma
Authors: Baltzer Pascal A. T. , Krug Barbara , Dietzel Matthias
Published: March 2022

Die MRT der Brust gilt als das sensitivste Verfahren zum Nachweis von Brustkrebs. Bleiben die konventionellen Befunde unklar, ist die MRT ein hochspezifisches diagnostisches Verfahren, mit
dem sich Biopsien vermeiden lassen. Aktueller Standard ist dabei die multiparametrische MRM, die Kombination aus T2w, diffusionsgewichteten und kontrastangehobenen T1w Aufnahmen.
Ultraschall bei COVID-19-Patienten
Authors: Jung Ernst Michael , Stroszczynski Christian , Wiesinger Isabel
Published: March 2022

Mit anhaltender Coronapandemie kommt dem Ultraschall als Real-Time-Bildgebung immer größere Bedeutung zu. Er ermöglicht u. a. eine frühe Diagnostik peripherer Lungenveränderungen. Eine
nachfolgende mögliche Fibrosierung lässt sich mithilfe der Elastografie nachweisen, Mikroembolien und Infarkte lassen sich mithilfe der CEUS einschätzen. Bereits mit einfachen Geräten sind
Pleuraergüsse und freie Flüssigkeit sehr selektiv zu erkennen.
Bewegungserhaltende operative Korrektur der idiopathischen adoleszenten Skoliose – Pro Fusion
Authors: Halm Henry , Berlin Clara
Published: March 2022

Instrumentierte spinale Korrekturen und Fusionen in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie sind häufig durchgeführte operative Eingriffe bei der adoleszenten idiopathischen Skoliose ab einem Cobb-Winkel von >35–45°, abhängig von der Lokalisation. Neben der aktuell nachrangigen ventralen Derotationsspondylodese ist insbesondere die dorsale Korrekturspondylodese mit Pedikelschrauben-Doppelstabsystemen der Goldstandard. Sowohl ventrale als auch dorsale korrigierende und fusionierende Verfahren sind in der Literatur zahlreich beschrieben. Die Zuverlässigkeit, hervorragende Ergebnisse sowie geringe Komplikationsraten wurden in Langzeitstudien nachgewiesen. Ventrale Verfahren sind bei strukturell einbogigen thorakalen, thorakolumbalen beziehungsweise lumbalen Skoliosen vor allem dann indiziert, wenn dadurch im Vergleich zu dorsal Segmente eingespart werden können. Der Derotationseffekt ist größer als bei dorsalen Verfahren, was sich klinisch in einer besseren Korrektur von Rippenbuckel und Lendenwulst ausdrückt. Die dorsale Korrektur weist keine Einschränkung bezüglich Typen der Lenke-Klassifikation auf. Ein neues, bewegungserhaltendes, wachstumslenkendes Verfahren ist das ventrale Tethering (Zuggurten) der Wirbelkörper („Vertebral Body Tethering“). Es wird fälschlicherweise als „minimalinvasiv“, Flexibilität erhaltend („inneres Korsett“) und komplikationsarm beworben. Dabei ist jedoch die Indikation des Verfahrens in Bezug auf das Wachstumsstadium der Patienten, den Krümmungstyp und die Instrumentationslänge erheblich eingeschränkt. Das System ist mit einer deutlich erhöhten Rate an Überkorrekturen als auch Korrekturverlusten, perioperativen Komplikationen und chirurgischen Revisionen verbunden. Aufgrund der fehlenden Langzeitdaten (Follow-up <5 Jahre) sind die Sicherheit und das Behandlungsergebnis des Verfahrens als kritisch zu bewerten. Hinzu kommt, dass sich keine wesentliche Verkürzung der Operationszeit im Vergleich zur dorsal instrumentierten Korrekturspondylodese zeigt. Die Komplikationsraten sind zum Teil erheblich. In Bezug auf die mittelfristigen Ergebnisse für die jungen Patienten ist die verzögert einsetzende (meist nach 2–3 Jahren) und zeitlich zunehmende Rate an Rupturen des Tetherings mit Korrekturverlusten sehr kritisch zu betrachten.
Konservative Adipositastherapie
Authors: Engeli Stefan
Published: March 2022

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser, liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,

2022 startet wie 2021 mit den gleichen Sorgen und Hoffnungen mit Blick auf die
Corona Pandemie - das haben wir uns alle so nicht vorstellen können!
Dennoch – auch viele andere wichtige Themen bedürfen der
Aufmerksamkeit und wir alle wissen, dass das Thema Adipositas nie an Bedeutung
verliert. Und so richten wir den Blick auf die neue Bundesregierung und sind
gespannt, ob hier neue Impulse in den Bereichen Ernährung,
Lebensmittelwerbung und Umgang mit dem Thema Adipositas erlebt werden
können. Zu hoffen ist es!
Das Behandlungsprogramm bei Adipositas mit den Schwerpunkten
Essverhalten und Lebensstiländerung (BASEL) ist effektiv, aber nicht
kostendeckend
Authors: Goetschmann Mara , Nickolai Beate , Hegar Karin , Fäh David , Kiss Caroline
Published: March 2022

Hintergründe Gruppenprogramme zur Adipositastherapie unter
Alltagsbedingungen sind wenig untersucht. Diese Studie analysiert das
interprofessionelle Behandlungsprogramm bei Adipositas mit den Schwerpunkten
Ernährungsverhalten und Lebensstiländerung (BASEL)
bezüglich Effektivität und betrieblicher Wirtschaftlichkeit.

Material und Methodik Retrospektive Untersuchung der Gewichtsentwicklung
von Programmstart bis Programmende sowie bis zum Nachtreffen. Analyse der
Zusammenhänge zwischen einer Gewichtsreduktion≥5% und
weiteren Faktoren durch eine multivariate logistische Regression.
Zusätzlich erfolgte eine Kostenanalyse.

Ergebnisse Die 454 Teilnehmenden hatten ein mittleres Ausgangsgewicht von
114 kg (68–195 kg), BMI
40 kg/m2 (25,2–63,7), waren 46 Jahre
(17–75) und mehrheitlich Frauen (72%). Bei Programmende lag die
mittlere Gewichtsreduktion bei 4,9% (SD±4,2%)
(44,3% erreichten Reduktion≥5%; 11,5% erreichten
Reduktion≥10%). Beim Nachtreffen (n=256) betrug die
Reduktion 7% (SD±6,4%) (33,5% erreichten
Reduktion≥5%; 16,7% erreichten
Reduktion≥10%). Personen, die≥75% der Lektionen
und das Nachtreffen besuchten, hatten bei Programmende eine 3,8-mal
höhere Chance zur erfolgreichen Gewichtsreduktion (≥5%),
als Personen, die<75% der Lektionen besuchten und nicht zum
Nachtreffen erschienen (p=<0,001). Der Kostendeckungsgrad des
Programms lag bei 66%.

Schlussfolgerung Das BASEL ist ein effektives
Adipositas-Behandlungsprogramm, wobei die regelmäßige Teilnahme
mit einem besseren Therapieerfolg assoziiert war. Über die
Hälfte der Personen mit hoher Teilnahmerate erzielten eine klinisch
relevante Gewichtsreduktion von≥5%. Das Programm ist aufgrund
tiefer Gruppentarife der Krankenversicherer in der Schweiz für Anbieter
nicht kostendeckend.
Skin Incision Selection in Superobese Women Undergoing Cesarean Birth
Authors: Grasch Jennifer L. , Thompson Jennifer L. , Alamri Lamia A. , Osmundson Sarah S.
Published: March 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to examine whether vertical versus transverse skin incision is associated with increased wound complications in superobese women undergoing cesarean.

Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study that included women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 50 kg/m2 and a cesarean birth with documented skin incision type from 1/1/2008 to 12/31/2015 at a single academic medical center. The primary outcome was a composite of wound complications: infection requiring antibiotics including superficial cellulitis, deep and organ space infections requiring packing, vacuum placement or exploration and debridement in the operating room. Secondary outcomes included estimated blood loss (EBL), time from skin incision to delivery, need for classical or T-hysterotomy, prolonged hospital admission (>4 days), and a composite of adverse neonatal outcomes. The primary exposure was skin incision type, transverse or vertical. Modified Poisson regression variance was used to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics.

Results During the study period, 298 women underwent a cesarean with a known skin incision type. Vertical skin incision occurred in 25.8%. Women with a vertical skin incision were younger, had a higher BMI at delivery, had less weight gain in pregnancy, and were less likely to have labored prior to cesarean. Wound complications were not significantly more common in women with a vertical skin incision after adjusting for covariates (vertical 48.1 vs. transverse 29.4%, adjusted relative risk (aRR): 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92–1.86). Compared with a transverse skin incision, vertical skin incision was associated with an increased risk for classical hysterotomy (67 vs. 17%, aRR: 2.96, 95% CI: 2.12–4.14), higher EBL, prolonged hospital stay, and composite neonatal morbidity. There were no statistically significant differences in the time from skin incision to delivery.

Conclusion In superobese women, vertical skin incision was not associated with increased wound complications, but was associated with increased risk for classical hysterotomy.

Key Points
Entorse no tornozelo em jovens atletas: Um estudo retrospectivo de 2 anos em um clube multiesportivo
Authors: Santos Thiago Ribeiro Teles , Silva Edilene Isidora , Leite Marcela Mendes de Almeida Gomide , Pinho Guilherme Bernardone , Marcati Mateus Martins , Bittencourt Natalia Franco Netto
Published: March 2022

Objetivo O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar entorses no tornozelo em jovens atletas de basquete, futsal, ginástica artística, trampolim, tênis, judô e vôlei ao longo de duas temporadas.

Métodos Foram investigados dados de 529 atletas no 1° ano e 495 atletas no 2° ano de análise a partir do banco de dados de registros de lesões de um clube esportivo. Foram considerados os seguintes dados: as características demográficas (idade, massa corporal, altura e sexo), o mecanismo (contato ou não contato), a severidade, o momento em que ocorreu a lesão e a recorrência. Além disso, foram calculadas a taxa de incidência, o risco de lesão da primeira entorse no tornozelo e a razão da taxa de incidência entre os esportes.

Resultados Os atletas sofreram 124 entorses no tornozelo nos 2 anos de análise. A maioria ocorreu durante o treinamento (76,6%) e levou à interrupção da prática esportiva (75,8%). A recorrência da lesão foi baixa: 2 atletas (1,6%) tiveram recorrência no mesmo ano e 5 (4,0%) no ano seguinte. A taxa de incidência (0,79 a 12,81 por 1.000 horas) e o risco de lesão (1,14 a 19,44%) variaram entre os esportes. Vôlei, basquete e futsal apresentaram a maior incidência de lesões. Tênis, ginástica e trampolim apresentaram a menor incidência de lesões. O judô apresentou uma taxa de incidência diferente das do basquete e do vôlei no 1° ano e semelhante às dos outros esportes no 2° ano.

Conclusão A entorse no tornozelo impactou muito a prática esportiva e apresentou características que diferem entre os esportes investigados. Esses achados podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de programas de prevenção de lesões.
An Algorithmic Approach to the Surgical Management of Sternal Dehiscence: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Cauley Ryan P. , Barron Sivana , Slatnick Brianna , Maselli Amy , Kang Christine , Delvalle Diana , Chu Louis , Morris Donald
Published: March 2022

Background Deep sternal wound complications following sternotomy represent a complex challenge. Management can involve debridement, flap reconstruction, and rigid sternal fixation (RSF). We present our 11-year experience in the surgical treatment of deep sternal wound dehiscence using a standardized treatment algorithm.

Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all 134 cardiac patients who required operative debridement after median sternotomy at a single institution between October 2007 and March 2019. Demographics, perioperative covariates, and outcomes were recorded. Univariate and subgroup analyses were performed.

Results One-hundred twelve patients (83.5%) with a deep sternal dehiscence underwent flap closure and 56 (50%) RSF. Of the patients who underwent flap closure, 87.5% received pectoralis advancement flaps. A 30-day mortality following reconstruction was 3.9%. Median length of stay after initial debridement was 8 days (interquartile range: 5–15). Of patients with flaps, 54 (48%) required multiple debridements prior to closure, and 30 (27%) underwent reoperation after flap closure. Patients who needed only a single debridement were significantly less likely to have a complication requiring reoperation (N = 10/58 vs. 20/54, 17 vs. 37%, p = 0.02), undergo a second flap (N = 6/58 vs. 17/54, 10 vs. 32%, p < 0.001), or, if plated, require removal of sternal plates (N = 6/34 vs. 11/22, 18 vs. 50%, p = 0.02).

Conclusion Although sternal dehiscence remains a complex challenge, an aggressive treatment algorithm, including debridement, flap closure, and consideration of RSF, can achieve good long-term outcomes. In low-risk patients, RSF does not appear to increase the likelihood of reoperation. We hypothesize that earlier surgical intervention, before the development of systemic symptoms, may be associated with improved outcomes.
Intramuscular Deep Inferior Epigastric Vessels Are Insulated by Perimysial Fibroadipose Tissue Network
Authors: Kim Young Chul , Jo Taehee , Hur Joon , Han Hyun Ho , Kim Eun Key , Eom Jin Sup
Published: March 2022

Background The difficulty of elevating a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap largely depends on the intramuscular course of the vessel and the perforator. Previous studies, however, have lacked histologic descriptions of the vessels and surrounding structures. The present study analyzed the histologic aspects of the deep inferior epigastric vessels and perforators, focusing on their perivascular relationships with muscle fibers.

Methods The abdomen of a cadaver was histologically evaluated to identify intramuscular deep inferior epigastric vessels. Tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with Masson trichrome stain to visualize fibrous components. Twenty-one DIEPs from 12 patients were also evaluated to determine the histologic aspects of the perivascular structure. In the cross-section of each perforator and adjacent tissue, the perforator-to-muscle distance and trichrome-stained area were measured, and the correlation of the perforator size with the perforator-to-muscle distance and the percent collagenous portion of the distance were determined.

Results Histologic analysis showed that the deep inferior epigastric vessels and perforators were encased by perimysial connective tissue and were not in direct contact with the muscle fibers. The smaller perimysia branched out from the larger perimysia, forming an interconnecting network structure. Correlation analysis showed that larger vessels had more collagenous portions in the perimysial structures (Spearman's ρ = 0.537, p = 0.012).

Conclusion The deep inferior epigastric vessels and perforators reside in a perimysial fibroadipose tissue network. This may provide surgeons with a microscopic perspective during DIEP dissections. Having an idea of the perforator anatomy in microscopic level can help us to perform safer perforator dissections.
Timing of Maternal Discharge after Cesarean Delivery and Risk of Maternal Readmission
Authors: Oben Ayamo , Perez William , Jauk Victoria C. , Boggess Kim , Clark Erin , Saade George , Esplin M Sean , Longo Sherri , Cleary Kirsten L. , Wapner Ronald , Blackwell Sean C. , Owens Michelle Y. , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Szychowski Jeff M. , Tita Alan
Published: March 2022

Objective Despite legislation and hospital policies (present in some institutions) mandating a minimum length of stay in an effort to decrease the frequency of hospital readmissions, the effectiveness of this approach remains uncertain.

We hypothesized that following cesarean delivery (CD), the rates of maternal readmission or unscheduled health care visits are lower in patients discharged on postoperative day (POD) 3 or ≥4 as compared with those discharged earlier on POD 2.

Methods This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial comparing adjunctive azithromycin for unscheduled CD to prevent infection. Groups were compared based on the duration of hospitalization measured in days from delivery (POD 0) to day of discharge and categorized as POD 2, 3, and ≥4. The primary outcome was the composite of any maternal postpartum readmission, unscheduled clinic, or emergency room (ER) visit, within 6 weeks of delivery. Secondary outcomes included components of the primary outcome and neonatal readmissions. We excluded women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and infections diagnosed prior to POD 2.

Results A total of 1,391 patients were included. The rate of the primary outcome of any readmission increased with POD at discharge: 5.9% for POD 2, 9.4% for POD 3, and 10.9% for POD ≥4 group (trend for p = 0.03). The primary outcome increased with later discharge (POD ≥4 when compared with POD 2). Among components of the composite, ER and unscheduled clinic visits, but not maternal readmissions, increased with the timing of discharge for patients discharged on POD ≥4 when compared with POD 2. Using logistic regression, discharge on POD 3 and on POD ≥4 was significantly associated with the composite (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.3–5.3]; aOR 2.9, 95% CI [1.3–6.4], respectively) compared with POD 2.

Conclusion The risk of maternal readmission composite following uncomplicated but unscheduled CD was not lower in patients discharged home on POD 3 or ≥4 compared with patients discharged earlier (POD 2).

Key Points
Aspirin for Primary Cardiovascular Prevention in Patients with Diabetes: Uncertainties and Opportunities
Authors: Del Bianco-Rondeau Mélina , Robert-Halabi Maxime , Bloom Samara , Rabasa-Lhoret Remi , Tardif Jean-Claude , Lordkipanidzé Marie , Marquis-Gravel Guillaume
Published: March 2022

The use of the antiplatelet agent aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) was previously routinely recommended for the primary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with diabetes, but recent large-scale randomized trials have failed to demonstrate a sizeable net clinical benefit with a once-daily, low-dose (81–100 mg) regimen in this population. Previous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies have suggested that the aspirin formulation (enteric-coated) and dosing schedule (once daily) studied in randomized trials for primary prevention of CV events defining contemporary clinical practice may not leverage the full potential of the drug, particularly in patients with diabetes. Indeed, the diabetic platelets bear characteristics that increase their thrombotic potential and alter their pharmacologic response to the drug. Consequently, the appropriateness of studying a uniform aspirin regimen in landmark primary prevention trials needs to be revisited. In this review, we present the evidence showing that diabetes not only increases baseline platelet reactivity, but also alters platelet response to aspirin through different mechanisms including a faster platelet turnover rate. Obesity, which is frequently associated with diabetes, also impacts its pharmacokinetics via an increase in distribution volume. Small-scale pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies have suggested that the relative aspirin resistance phenotype observed in patients with diabetes may be reversed with a twice-daily dosing schedule, and with nonenteric-coated aspirin formulations. Properly powered randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy and safety of aspirin dosing schedules and formulations tailored to the population of patients with diabetes are urgently required to optimize patient care.
Intraoperative Alcoholization of the Pituitary Gland Does Not Reduce the Recurrence Rate of Growth Hormone Secreting Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Gill Amarbir S. , Sumsion Jorgen , Alt Jeremiah A. , Karsy Michael , Couldwell William T. , Menacho Sarah T.
Published: March 2022

Objective Although the role of intraoperative alcoholization of the pituitary gland has been examined for the management of malignant tumor metastases and Rathke's cleft cysts, no such studies have been conducted relating to growth hormone (GH) secreting pituitary tumors, despite the high rate of recurrence in this cohort of patients. Here, we sought to understand the impact of adjunctive intraoperative alcoholization of the pituitary gland on recurrence rates and perioperative complications associated with resection of GH-secreting tumors.

Methods This is a single-institution retrospective cohort study analyzing recurrence rates and complications among patients with GH-secreting tumors who received intraoperative alcoholization of the pituitary gland postresection versus those that did not. Welch's t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses were employed to compare continuous variables between groups, whereas chi-squared tests for independence or Fisher's exact tests were used for comparing categorical variables.

Results A total of 42 patients (n = 22 no alcohol and n = 20 alcohol) were included in the final analysis. The overall recurrence rates did not significantly differ between the alcohol and no alcohol groups (35 and 22.7%, respectively; p = 0.59). The average time to recurrence in the alcohol and no alcohol groups was 22.9 and 39 months, respectively (p = 0.63), with a mean follow-up of 41.2 and 53.5 months (p = 0.34). Complications, including diabetes insipidus, were not significantly different between the alcohol and no alcohol groups (30.0 vs. 27.2%, p = 0.99).

Conclusion Intraoperative alcoholization of the pituitary gland after resection of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas does not reduce recurrence rates or increase perioperative complications.
Measuring Hearing Aid Benefit Using a Willingness-To-Pay Approach
Authors: Chisolm Theresa Hnath , Abrams Harvey B.
Published: March 2022

The value associated with self-perceived hearing aid benefit was assessed using a “willingness-to-pay” (WTP) approach. Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) data were obtained from 79 veterans who also indicated how much they were willing to pay for each hearing aid. The results of a multiple regression analysis revealed that veterans were willing to pay $22.06 more for a hearing aid for each 1 -point increase in APHAB global benefit. A second multiple regression analysis revealed that the APHAB subscale scores for Ease of Communication (EC) benefit and understanding speech in Background Noise (BN) benefit, as well as income level, were all significant predictors of WTP. In addition, each 1-point increase in EC, BN, and Reverberation benefit increased the value associated with amplification by $16.32, $16.88, and $13.78, respectively. Each 1 -point increase in the Aversiveness of Sounds subscale decreased the value associated with amplification by $7.63.The mean WTP across all income groups was $981.71 per hearing aid. These data are interpreted to support the use of WTP as a valid measure of hearing aid benefit.

Abbreviations: APHAB = Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, AV = Aversiveness of Sounds, BN = Background Noise, COSI = Client Oriented Scale of Improvement, EC = Ease of Communication, RV = Reverberant Environments, VA = Department of Veterans Affairs, WTP = willingness to pay
Auditory-Verbal Graduates: Outcome Survey of Clinical Efficacy
Authors: Goldberg Donald M. , Flexer Carol
Published: March 2022

This project is an update of an earlier study on American and Canadian graduates of auditory-verbal programs. Survey research was conducted to obtain information on a variety of topics. Overall, the current results again indicated that the majority of respondents were integrated into “regular” or “typical” learning and living environments. In view of the earlier identification of hearing loss and the early fitting of sensory aids and availability of cochlear implant technology, coupled with intervention that emphasizes auditory learning, it is suggested that today’s infants have the potential to become independent, participating, and contributing citizens in mainstream society.
Political congruence between adolescence and their parents: evidence from a quasi-experimental local elections in the city of Ghent (Belgium)
Authors: Okolikj Martin , Hooghe Marc
Published: March 2022

Lowering the voting age is often criticized due to the alleged political immaturity of young voters, which is considered as negative for the quality of democracy. We adopt a unique approach to this issue by measuring political congruence between adolescents and their parents to ascertain whether ideological views and salient positional issues, such as attitudes on immigration, differ between different age groups in adolescence. Using a household survey in the city of Ghent (Belgium), first we compare political ideologies and attitudes toward immigration for those of age between 15 and 19, and their parents. We find that adolescent children tend to resemble the political ideologies of their parents, and they also tend to have similar attitudes about immigration. Second, we find that ideological resemblance is even higher among adolescents that regularly talk about politics with their parents. Finally, we do not find evidence that political congruence with parents differs by the age of adolescent children or their right to vote. Therefore, we conclude that political ideology and positional views are formed in an early stage of adolescence, i.e., before the age of 15. Our findings have relevance for the debate about lowering the voting age, as it points to already clearly formed ideological views and political attitudes at early stages of adolescent life.
Mode transformation and interaction in vortex-induced vibration of laminar flow past a circular cylinder
Authors: Cheng Zhi , Lien Fue-Sang , Yee Eugene , Zhang Ji Hao
Published: March 2022

An investigation of the mode transformation and interaction underlying the behavior of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a flow past a circular cylinder elastically mounted on a linear spring is conducted using a high-fidelity full-order model (FOM) based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a reduced-order model (ROM), and a dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of the velocity. A reduced-order model for the fluid dynamics is obtained using the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA), which is subsequently coupled to a linear structural equation to provide a state space model for the coupled VIV system, in order to provide a simplified computationally inexpensive mathematical representation of the system. This methodology is used to study the dynamics of laminar flows past an elastically mounted circular cylinder with Reynolds number Re ranging from 20 to 180, inclusive. The results of the simulations conducted using FOM/CFD and ROM/ERA, in conjunction with the power spectral analysis and DMD, are used to identify the characteristic natural frequencies and the growth/decay of various modes (including the complex interactions between the myriad wake modes and the structural mode) of the VIV system as a function of the Reynolds number and the reduced natural frequency Fs (or, equivalently, the reduced velocity Ur). A detailed analysis of the distribution of the eigenvalues of the transfer (or, system) matrix of the reduced VIV system shows that the frequency range of the lock-in can be partitioned into resonance and flutter lock-in regimes. The resonance lock-in (lower branch of the VIV response) dominates the fluid-structure interaction. Furthermore, it is shown that when the structural natural frequency is close to one of the eigenfrequencies associated with the wake modes, resonance lock-in (rather than flutter lock-in) will be the primary mechanism governing the VIV response even though the real part of the eigenvalues associated with structural mode is positive. With increasing Reynolds number, the instability of each wake mode is enhanced resulting in a transformation of the wake modes interacting with the structural mode. It is suggested herein that the weakened interaction between the wake modes and the structural mode at Re = 180 (associated with the greater separation between the root loci of the modes) results in the premature termination of the resonance lock-in at Fs=0.155 with increasing Ur. The DMD and power spectral analysis of the time series of the transverse displacement and lift coefficient are used to support the results obtained from ROM/ERA and, more specifically, to provide a clear demonstration of the balanced interaction between the wake modes and the structural mode. This result is used to explain the beating phenomenon, which occurs in the initial branch and the significant lag time that arises between the initial branch and the occurrence of a fully developed response in the lower branch.
In situ observation of magnetic vortex in amorphous and nanocrystalline ribbons
Authors: Zuo Shulan , Huang Jiayi , Zhang Ming , Zhang Ying , Shen Baogen
Published: March 2022

In this study, the factors influencing the nucleation of magnetic vortices in CeFeB ribbons were studied using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic vortices and cross-tie walls exist in Ce14Fe80B6 amorphous ribbons. Via proper annealing, the amorphous ribbon is crystallized into a nanocrystalline structure whereby a magnetic vortex can exist in grains with sizes of approximately 30∼150 nm, indicating the formation of magnetic vortices is closely related to shape limitation. Moreover, it has been demonstrated magnetic vortices are the intrinsic magnetic domain structures in the amorphous alloys due to their weak magnetocrystalline anisotropy. This study provides a way to promote magnetic vortex formation in the nanocrystalline structure.
Utilising Gliricidia sepium leaf meal as a protein substitute in cassava-based supplements to increase average daily gain of Ongole bulls and income of smallholder farmers
Authors: Winarti E. , Gunawan  , Putridinanti A. D. , Noviandi C. T. , Andarwati S. , Agus A. , Harper K. J. , Poppi D. P.
Published: March 2022

Context Formulating supplements with Gliricidia sepium leaf meal (GLM) and cassava powder to promote liveweight gain of Ongole bulls. Aims This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using GLM as a substitute for copra meal (CM) or soybean hulls (SBH) in a concentrate containing dry cassava powder (DCP) on the average daily gain of Ongole bulls and income over feed cost. Methods Forty Ongole bulls were allocated in a randomised block design with 10 head per treatment. The control group (R0) was provided the current feeding system (CFS) fed ad libitum, with supplemented treatments consisting of the current feeding system fed ad libitum + 1% liveweight (on approximate DM basis)/day of three different concentrate supplement diets (R1, R2 and R3). R1 concentrate contained 50% DCP, 25% CM and 25% SBH; R2 was 50% DCP, 25% GLM and 25% SBH; and R3 was 50% DCP, 25% CM and 25% GLM. The bulls belonged to cooperative smallholder farmers in the Banaran and Bleberan villages, Playen Subdistrict, Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The experiment was performed for 12 weeks from 22 December 2018 to 16 March 2019. Key results The average weight gain of bulls (kg/head) in the treatments R0, R1, R2 and R3 were 0.31, 0.75, 0.61 and 0.62, respectively. The income over feed cost of supplement treatments R1, R2 and R3 was double that of the control (R0). Conclusions It was concluded that GLM can replace the use of SBH and CM in a cassava-based supplement and increase the income of farmers in this district. Implications Cassava powder can be combined with GLM to form a concentrate that increases the average weight gain of Ongole bulls and income of farmers.
Sexual mixing patterns among male–female partnerships in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Greaves Kate E. , Fairley Christopher K. , Engel Jaimie L. , Ong Jason J. , Rodriguez Elena , Phillips Tiffany R. , Chow Eric P. F.
Published: March 2022

Background Individuals who have both opposite- and same-sex partners have the potential to pass sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between high- and low-risk populations. Our aim was to examine assortative sexual mixing in terms of same-sex activity among male–female partnerships. Methods This was a retrospective repeated cross-sectional study of male–female partnerships attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) from 2015 to 2019. Sex of sexual partners was collected via computer-assisted self-interview. We calculated the proportion of partnerships where at least one individual reported same-sex partners in the previous 12 months and the degree of assortativity by bisexuality. Results A total of 2112 male–female partnerships (i.e. 4224 individuals) were included, with a median age of 27 years (IQR 23–31). Overall, 89.3% (1885/2112) of male–female partnerships did not report any other same-sex partners; however, in 9.5% (201/2112) of partnerships, same-sex partners were reported by one individual and in 1.2% (26/2112) of partnerships, both individuals reported same-sex partners. Bisexuality appeared to be slightly assortative in male–female partnerships (r = 0.163, 95% CI: 0.150–0.176; P < 0.001). Conclusion One in 10 individuals in male–female partnerships had at least one same-sex partner within the previous 12 months. Individuals were minorly selective by bisexuality, suggesting the patterns of bisexual mixing in male–female partners are more variable and this may have a significant impact on STI transmission in heterosexual populations.