bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Podatek akcyzowy od napojw alkoholowych w Polscew wietle opinii spoecznej i wskanikw politykialkoholowej obraz dla polityki spoeczno-gospodarczej
Authors: Obłąkowska Katarzyna Agnieszka , Bartoszewicz Artur
Published: June 2023

Celem artykuu jest wprowadzenie do zagadnienia wykorzystania podatku akcyzowego od napojw alkoholowychjako narzdzia polityki alkoholowej, a nie tylko budetowej. Wystpujce w Polsce problemy, takie jak nadmiernakonsumpcja alkoholu, spoywanie go przez osoby niepenoletnie, ka podj prace nad wszystkimi dostpnyminarzdziami polityki alkoholowej, w tym podatkiem akcyzowym od napojw alkoholowych, gdy jest to sprawaistotna z perspektywy dobra publicznego, dobra spoecznego. W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe wskanikidotyczce kwestii alkoholowej w Polsce, zgromadzone przy uyciu metody desk research, oraz dotyczce wiadomocispoecznej w tym zakresie, zgromadzone na podstawie wasnych bada ilociowych i analizy statystycznej.Nastpnie zaprezentowano wyniki analizy instytucjonalno-prawnej i historycznej w zakresie procesu ksztatowaniasi standardu podstawy naliczania podatku akcyzowego od napojw alkoholowych w Polsce. Dalejomwiono konstrukcj podatku akcyzowego od napojw alkoholowych oraz przedstawiono wyniki analizy ekonomicznej,w ktrej poddano weryfikacji hipotez, e obecny standard podstawy naliczania podatku akcyzowegood napojw alkoholowych skutkuje zrnicowanym opodatkowaniem etanolu (alkoholu etylowego) w zalenociod wyrobu alkoholowego, w ktrym si on znajduje (piwo, wino, wyroby spirytusowe). Artyku zamyka prezentacjawynikw badania ilociowego oraz analizy statystycznej w zakresie opinii Polakw na temat podatku akcyzowegood napojw alkoholowych. Przedstawiono opini spoeczn Polakw w sprawie tego podatku na podstawie badaniareprezentatywnego przeprowadzonego w 2022 r. przez autorw artykuu w Instytucie Finansw przy MinisterstwieFinansw. Kluczow kwesti byo zbadanie poziomu akceptacji spoecznej dla podnoszenia podatku akcyzowegood napojw alkoholowych w Polsce lub dla zmiany obowizujcego standardu podstawy jego naliczania.
Aid solutions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in selected European Union countries in 20202021
Authors: Filipchuk Hlib
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The article presents selected aid solutions introduced in 20202021 in several European Union (EU) countries (Italy, Spain, Germany) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its negative economic effects. Government assistance has often been temporary, but some labour market and social security changes are systemic.Objective: Presentation of aid solutions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic in EU countries, an overview of the short-term aid measures and system changes. Materials and methods: Review of government websites and legislation regulating the state of the COVID-19 pandemic and assistance solutions during this period.Results: The conclusions indicate that aid solutions aimed at supporting the labour market in Germany and Spain effectively mitigate the economic difficulties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, the implementation of anti-crisis programs is a particular challenge for public administration.
ISSO, EU E SUPEREU: UMA APROXIMAÇÃO DOS CONCEITOS FREUDIANOS DA CONSCIÊNCIA COM O DAIMÓNION SOCRÁTICO
Authors: Batista Maria Isabel Pontarolo , Antunes Jair
Published: June 2023

Este trabalho trata da relação entre a filosofia de Sócrates/Platão e a psicanálise de Freud. A subjetividade ocidental tem uma história, e pode-se afirma-la que seu nascimento se dá com a filosofia platônica e a maturidade na psicanálise freudiana. Deste modo, esse texto explora um pouco a possibilidade de aproximar-se os conceitos de daimónion (voz interior divina) socrático com a noção de consciência (Bewusstsein) freudiana. Para tal, escolhemos três diálogos platônicos onde Sócrates parece estar a refletir em grau de profundidade que aparece ter grande consciência de sua autoconsciência; bem como os textos onde Freud apresenta sua teoria da consciência ordenada por níveis de compreensão.
Prevalence Of Intestinal Parasites And Associated Demograhic Risk Factors Among Patients Attending State Specialist Hospital, Gombe
Authors: Adamu Muhammed Tukur , Yakubu Fatima Muhammad
Published: June 2023

Background: Parasitic infections caused by intestinal helminthes and protozoan are among the most prevalent infections in humans in developing countries. High prevalence of parasitic infections may be due to one of the risk factors including low levels of environmental sanitation, lack of safe water supply, poor hygiene, low socio-economic status, poverty, improper garbage disposal and impoverished health services. Objective: The study aimed to determine the Prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated demographic risk factors among patients attending specialist hospital Gombe, Nigeria. Methods:The study was conducted in state specialist hospital Gombe. Faecal samples were collected from two hundred and thirty-three (233) patients. The stool specimens were subjected to direct saline and iodine mount for microscopic and macroscopic identification. Result: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite was 36 (15.45%) and the most commonly isolated intestinal parasite from patients stool was Entamaeba histolytica (6.44%) based on the laboratory findings. Statistically, age was associated with the Intestinal parasitic infection. Difference in prevalence values of intestinal helminthes parasites between sexes were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the percentage of infection in both male and female patients was equal. Patients within the child age group had the highest prevalence 32(13.73%) followed by Adolescent age 3 (1.28%) and Adult 1(0.42%). Conclusion: The prevalence of intestinal parasite among patients attending state specialist hospital Gombe was 15.45%. The infestation was more prevalent in children, and the age range of 1-12 was a significant risk factor.
A 5-year Retrospective Review Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In Children In Zaria, North West Nigeria
Authors: Alfa Abdullahi Mohammad , Abdu-Raheem Fadlulai
Published: June 2023

Background:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that impair an individuals functioning and development. Children with ADHD are at risk of poor academic performance, dropping out of school, low self-esteem, teenage pregnancies, engaging in criminal behaviour, sustaining physical injuries and poor social skills. Objective: We carried out a 5- year retrospective review of cases of ADHD in our Paediatrics Neurology Clinic to determine the epidemiology, symptomatology and risk factors for ADHD in our setting. Materials and Methods: Case folders of all children with an established diagnosis of ADHD who were being seen at the paediatric neurology clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2019 were retrieved and relevant information such as sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, age at presentation and perinatal or childhood central nervous system insult were extracted. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info statistical software version 7. Results: A total of thirty (30) children were on follow-up for ADHD in the Paediatrics Neurology clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria during the study period. Twenty-four of them were males (80%) while 6 were females (20%). Their ages at presentation ranged from 2 to 15 years for boys (mean±SD =5.2 ±2.99) and from 2 to 5 years for girls (mean±SD =3.0 ±1.26). More than half (63.3% n= 19/30) were less than 5 years of age as at the time of first presentation to the clinic. Majority, (93.3% ,n= 28/30) had a history of CNS insult prior to onset of ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly being seen in environment, most cases occur in boys less than 5 years of age. Avoiding injuries to a childs central nervous system early in life can significantly decrease the likelihood of ADHD in them.
Clinical Manifestations And Intensities Of Intestinal Helminthic Infections Among Primary School Children In Gombe, North Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Bakari Habiba Bello , Rasaki Aliu , Bulus Wasinda Solomon , Sanni Usman Abiola
Published: June 2023

Background: Children are susceptible to Intestinal helminthiasis and can develop severe complications such as malnutrition, anaemia, chronic diarrhoea, and impaired cognitive performance, which can limit their potential. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical manifestations and intensities of intestinal helminthic infections among primary school children in Gombe, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study that used a multistage sampling technique to study 350 pupils from 24 primary schools in Gombe, Nigeria, from 4thJuly 2018 to - 31stJanuary 2019. The means and standard deviations of quantitative variables such as age, height, and weight were computed. Stools were examined by the Direct method and Formol ether concentration methods. The prevalence of intestinal helminths, clinical manifestations, types and intensities of helminthic infections were determined, and Chi-square was used to test for the association at 95% confidence intervals. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data was analysed using SPSS version 24. Results: The prevalence of intestinal helminthic infection was 23.7% (83/350). There was a significant association between intestinal helminths and blood in stools (OR= 15.400, p<0.001), abdominal pain (OR=1.889, p=0.023), pallor (OR=2.146, P = 0.027). More than half of the recorded infections (51.8%) were classified as light. Only, 2.4%, exhibited moderate infections, and there were no recorded cases of severe infection. Conclusions: Intestinal helminthic infection is a public health burden, especially in children. Abdominal pains, blood in stools, poor hand hygiene and pallor were significantly associated with intestinal helminthic infections. However, most of the infestations are of light to moderate intensity. Regular health education and provision of clean water with deworming of school children at intervals are highly recommended.
Penerapan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) pada Siswa Siswi di Lingkungan SMA Pancur Batu Sumatra Utara Menggunakan Metode PRISMA
Authors: Sinaga Haryanti , Fidorova Yolanda
Published: June 2023

PHBS salah satu upaya yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah melalui puskesmas untuk pembangunan kesehatan. Dalam pengaktualan PHBS masing-masing individu baik siswa, pengajar maupun masyarakat di lingkungan sekolah harus sadar, mau serta mampu menerapkannya di kehidupan sehari-hari. Terdapat indokator PHBS di  sekolah yaitu mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air mengalir, menggunakan jamban yang bersih serta sehat, tidak merokok di sekolah, memberantas jentik-jentik nyamuk, membuang sampah pada tempatnya, menimbang berat badan dan berolahraga yang teratur dan terukur. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, seperti pengetahuan siswa akan PHBS, indikator PHBS, lingkungan masyarakat, manfaat PHBS atau bahkan peran guru yang kurang dalam memberitahukan dan menerapkan PHBS pada anak didiknya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menggunakan PRISMA yang dilakukan dengan cara sistematis  atau mengikuti tahapan yang menggunakan review evaluasi, telaah, pengkategorian, terstruktur, pengklasifikasian dan evidence based yang telah didapatkan sebelumnnya. Sehingga didapatkan, bahwa tingkat pengetahuan siswa siswi tentang PHBS masih rendah. Maka, diharapkan kepada pihak sekolah agar lebih mengedukasi anak didiknya tentang pentingnya PHBS dan dapat bekerja sama dengan pihak puskesmas agar mempromosikan phbs sehingga anak didik lebih update lagi tentang pentingnya PHBS.
Hubungan Karakteristik Siswi dan Lingkungan dengan Sanitasi Asrama di Pondok Pesantren Darul Aitami Desa Ujong Tanjong Meureubo
Authors: Luthfi Fakhrurradhi , Yarmaliza Yarmaliza , Suriyani Irma
Published: June 2023

Sanitasi adalah suatu usaha pencegahan penyakit dengan melenyapkan atau mengendalikan faktor-faktor risiko lingkungan yang merupakan mata rantai penularan penyakit. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan pada siswi, dapur yang kurang bersih serta fasiltasnya yang kurang memadai, dimana alat-alat yang digunakan kurang hygienis, sampah yang dibuang sembarangan dan berserakan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik siswi dan lingkungan dengan sanitasi asrama. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain survey analitik dengan  pendekatan cross sectional survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa putri Pondok Pasantren sebanyak 263 siswa dan sampel 72 orang, teknik pengambilan sampel adalah menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dan dianalisis dengan univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square.  Hasil penelitian adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor umur (Pvalue = 0,012 < α = 0,05), pendidikan (Pvalue = 0,045 < α = 0,05), dapur dan fasilitas pengolahan makanan yang kurang bersih (Pvalue = 0,002 < α = 0,05), pengelolaan sampah yang tidak terkelola dengan baik (Pvalue = 0,000 < α = 0,05) dengan sanitasi asrama. Disimpulkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor umur, pendidikan, dapur dan fasilitas pengolahan makanan, pengelolaan sampah dengan sanitasi asrama. Disarankan kepada pondok pesantren untuk memperbaiki faktor sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk, baik dari ventilasi, pencahayaan maupun yang lainnya. Perlu adanya perbaikan pada dapur dan fasilitas pengolahan makanan dan pengelolaan sampah.
Mapping the Relationship Between Selenium and Bone: A Bibliometric Analysis Covering 1980-2023
Authors: Wan Dongping , Tang Rui , Cao Shihang , Zan Qiang
Published: June 2023

Background: Selenium, an indispensable trace element in the human body, has been the subject of growing research that highlights its significant association with bone health. This project aims to employ the Bibliometrics method to comprehensively understand the research status of selenium and bone between 1980 and 2023. By utilizing visualizations to identify research hotspots and trends, we strive to shed light on the current state of knowledge in this field. Methods: Relevant articles on the topic of selenium and bone were retrieved from the Network Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Statistical and visual analysis was conducted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. This analysis encompassed various aspects, including annual publication output, active countries, prolific institutions, authors, and keyword analysis. Results: A total of 864 relevant articles were retrieved for analysis, comprising 746 articles and 118 reviews. The number of publications in the field of selenium and bone has demonstrated a consistent upward trend over time. Notably, China emerged as the leading contributor in terms of publication output, with 195 articles, followed closely by the United States with 177 articles, and Germany with 50 articles. Among the institutions, Huazhong University of Science and Technology stood out as a core institution, while K. Sandeep Prabhu emerged as a prominent core author. The analysis of keyword frequency revealed the most frequently occurring terms in the publications. Selenium, with a count of 415, topped the list, followed by Bone (101), oxidative stress (91), zinc (87), osteoporosis (70), metabolism (66), copper (63), toxicity (62), supplementation (57), and nanoparticles (55). Notably, the emergence of Selenium nanoparticles and Scaffolds indicates novel research trends within the field. Conclusions: The research demonstrates an increasing number of publications focusing on the association between selenium and bone health in recent years, with China leading in terms of article output. Furthermore, prominent keywords such as selenium, bone, and oxidative stress indicate recurring themes in the literature, while emerging trends like selenium nanoparticles and scaffolds have gained significant attention.
Postpartum Hypogalactia Modern Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Yang Yiyao , Tai Yingchun , Fu Yinhang
Published: June 2023

Postpartum hypogalactia was postpartum clinical common disease, mainly in breastfeeding, maternal milk little, or no milk, enough to feed the baby. Modern medicine thinks, milk secreted by the body’s neural and humoral regulation, hypothalamus and pituitary gland secretion of various hormones. Sucking and emptying of the breast is vital to maintain breast lactation. According to Chinese medicine, breast milk is produced by the body's qi, blood and fluids and depends on the flow of qi, which is the only way to produce enough milk to feed the baby. Maternal nutrition, sleep, mood can affect the normal secretion of milk juice. Breastfeeding is good for maternal and child are, in recent years, more and more get advocate and support. Hypogalactia of modern treatment has added new means and methods, including breast massage, “Three principles”, that is, the earlier they touch, early sucking, opened early milk; Acupuncture and cupping therapy; Psychological nursing intervention; Low frequency pulse for instrument and other advanced equipment. This paper mainly on postpartum hypogalactia heal 1 healing progress were reviewed, in order to provide reference for clinical treatment, better exert advantages of modern treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.
Research Agenda Networks in the Literature from 2020 to 2023 Related to Water Resources Management
Authors: Esquer Lidia Amalia Zallas , Lirios Cruz García , Aguayo Jose Marcos Bustos
Published: June 2023

A public agenda includes axes and topics of discussion that in the literature from 2020 to 2023 is reflected in a category for the analysis of their relationships as nodes and borders of expectations, interests and needs between the parties in conflict and willing to co-responsibility. The objective of this work was to establish the research agenda in the state of the art published during the COVID-19 pandemic. A documentary, cross-sectional and exploratory study was carried out with sources indexed to institutional repositories. A network of categories that explain the impact of the pandemic on the research agenda was found, since asymmetries between the nodes and edges are appreciated, which in turn reflect the differences between the parties involved. In relation to the state of the question, lines of study related to the legitimacy of supply policies and intermittent collection are recommended.
Exploratory Factor Model of Perceived Security in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Ornelas Rosa María Rincón , Esquer Lidla Amalia Zayas , Lirios Cruz Garcia , Sanchez Yolanda Marysol Escorza , Gracia Tirso Javier Hernández
Published: June 2023

Public security, as the central axis of the state and citizen agenda, has been approached from different angles from which phases of analysis have been established; rule of law, crime prevention, administration of justice, persecution and social rehabilitation without considering citizen participation beyond complaints or demonstrations. The objective of this work was to review the structure of citizen participation to establish the different types of self-government, government and co-government among the interested parties. The theoretical, conceptual and empirical frameworks around the systematization of data for the assembly of research folders are discussed.
Evaluating the Effect of Institutional Distance on the Bilateral Trade of China and EU
Authors: Wang Bingxue
Published: June 2023

Under the trend of global economic integration, in order to achieve China’s long-term goal of sustainable economic development, China is committed to strengthening its bilateral trade with countries around the world. The EU have long played an important role in China’s foreign trade, but there are still many problems in China’s bilateral trade with the EU. Therefore, many scholars have conducted a series of studies on the factors affecting bilateral trade between China and the EU in attempt to find positive economic and trade strategies to promote bilateral trade between China and the EU. At present, there is a growing consensus among scholars that is “institutions determine trade”. However, the results of previous studies do not provide a quantitative analysis of the impact of institutional distance on bilateral trade between China and the EU. Thus, the research on the impact of institutional distance on bilateral trade between China and the EU is rather one-sided. However, in fact, different categories of institutional distance may have different impacts. Therefore, this paper presents a classification study of the specific impact of institutional distance on bilateral trade between China and the EU.
Basic Concepts of Diabetics Mellitus for the Welfare of General Patients
Authors: Mohajan Devajit , Mohajan Haradhan Kumar
Published: June 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic but non-contagious metabolic disease that is characterized by elevated levels of blood sugar (glucose), causes absolute or relative insulin deficiency or both, which is produced by the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans within the pancreas. For the run- short of insulin the body loses its ability to properly oxidize carbohydrates and to make balance of sugar in blood during energy production. Diabetes reduces life expectancy and increases significant morbidity related to microvascular complications, and diminished quality of life. If the disease is left undiagnosed or poorly controlled for the long-time, it may damage heart, vasculature, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. This study aims to give an insight at various aspects of diabetes mellitus including risk factors, prevention, and treatment of the disease to improve the physical and psychological problems of the diabetic patients.
OSMANLI’DA DEMİRYOLLARI VE ETKİLERİ: ŞARK EKSPRESİ’NİN İSTANBUL’DA YARATTIĞI DEĞİŞİM
Authors: BARDAKOĞLU Övünç
Published: June 2023

Osmanlı Devleti XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında hızlı bir şekilde demiryolu seferberliğine başlamıştır. Askeri ve stratejik hedeflerle yapımına karar verilen demiryollarının gerek halk gerekse de devlet yönetimi üzerinde önemli etkileri olmuştur. İlk demiryolu yapımları, verilen imtiyazlarla yabancı devletler tarafından sağlanmış olsa da sonrasında Osmanlı Devleti kendi sermayesi ile demiryolu hatlarını hayata geçirebilmiştir. Osmanlı topraklarındaki demiryolu hatlarının birleşme noktası olarak İstanbul; Anadolu’dan Avrupa’ya ya da Avrupa’dan Anadolu’ya gönderilmesi planlanan her türlü ürünün yönlendirildiği bir merkez haline gelmiştir. Rumeli Demiryolunun faaliyete geçmesi ile İstanbul, Avrupa’ya açılan bir kapı olarak modernleşmenin Osmanlı’da başladığı ilk yerdir. Paris- İstanbul arasında sefer yapan Şark Ekspresi, yüksek gelir düzeyi ve harcama potansiyeline sahip yolcuları ile İstanbul’un sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik ve mimari yapısında kalıcı etkilere neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı Devleti’nin demiryolu politikaları, demiryollarının devlet ve halk üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiş, söz konusu dönemde İstanbul’un toplumsal ve ekonomik yapısından bahsedilmiş, Şark Ekspresinin faaliyete geçtiği yıllardaki ilk seferlerin İstanbul’da yarattığı değişim ve devamında ortaya çıkan turizm hareketleri ile ilgili kavramsal yaklaşımda bulunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
OSMANLI DEVLETİN’DE TEMEL HAK ve HÜRRİYETLERİN ANAYASAL NİTELİKTEKİ YASAL METİNLERE YANSIMASI
Authors: SEÇKİN Armağan
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada öncelikle modern anlamda insan hakları kavramının teorik olarak ne manaya geldiğini izah etmeye çalışılmıştır. Yazımız kapsamında konu temel hak ve hürriyetlerin anayasal metinlere yansıması olduğundan dolayı hukuki açıdan da bu hakların neler olduğu incelenmiştir. Batı dünyasında kişi hak ve hürriyetlerinin gelişimini ele alırken, yine Batı dünyasında insan hakları açısından adeta temel niteliğe sahip düzenlemeler irdelenmiştir. Dini esaslara bağlı bir devlet olan Osmanlı Devleti’nin klasik döneminde insan hakları tamamıyla İslam Hukuku esaslarına tabi idi. Bu sebeple kişi hakları ve hürriyetlerine İslam Hukukunun nasıl yaklaşım gösterdiğine atıfta bulunulmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti, kendi çıkarları doğrultusunda ve kurduğu bir takım sistemlerin uygulama sahasında İslam Hukuku esaslarıyla çelişmesi durumunda şer’i hukuk kaidelerinden uzaklaşmada bir beis görmediğini bilakis böyle bir durumda kişi hak ve hürriyetlerini ihlal ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Modernleşme sürecine giren Osmanlı Devleti’nin kişi hak ve hürriyetleri hususunda Batı dünyasında gerçekleşen düzenlemelere kayıtsız kalamadığını ve devletin içinde bulunduğu şartlar itibariyle hem dışarıdan hem içeriden gelen baskılar sonucunda yapılan düzenlemeleri de ele alınarak anayasal döneme geçiş ile anayasal metinlerde düzenlenmiş olan kişi hak ve hürriyetleri de incelenmiştir.
Decolonizing Pop Music
Authors: Lund Holger
Published: June 2023

Colonialism isn’t over, it’s just less visible. As a curator of the Berlin-based label Global Pop First Wave, Holger Lund feels entangled in neo-colonial paradoxes. An essay about the westernization of pop music and why its decolonization is inevitable.
Technological Analysis of Glazed Tiles Unearthed from Bao’ensi in Nanjing
Authors: Zhao Dan , Wu Bo , Li Bo , Zhou Baohua , Cui Jianfeng , Zhao Weijuan , Chen Qinlong
Published: June 2023

To understand the firing technology and the level of production of glazed tiles in the Ming Dynasty, an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR) spectrophotometer and an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer were used to systematically analyze the glaze color and chemical composition of glazed tiles unearthed from the southern area of the Bao’ensi site. The results revealed that little difference exists in the main wavelengths of the same glazed tile samples, but that the colored elements of glaze with different colors are different. Iron (Fe) is the main element that affects the color of yellow glaze; copper (Cu) is the main element that affects the color of green glaze; and the main colorants that affect the color of black glaze are Fe, Cu, and manganese (Mn). The yellow and black glaze unearthed from the southern area of the Bao’ensi site were relatively mature in terms of raw material composition and technological formula, whereas the raw material and technological formula of green glaze were not stable enough. To meet temple construction needs, workers were skilled in firing glazed tiles with different glaze color requirements, indicating that the glaze color of the glazed tiles was relatively mature at that time.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM TRẦM CẢM THEO THANG ĐIỂM PHQ-9 Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH LOÃNG XƯƠNG CAO TUỔI
Authors: Trần Viết Lực , Phạm Thị Thu Hà , Nguyễn Xuân Thanh , Nguyễn Ngọc Tâm , Vũ Thị Thanh Huyền
Published: June 2023

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá đặc điểm trầm cảm trên bệnh nhân (BN) loãng xương cao tuổi và mối liên quan giữa đặc điểm trầm cảm với tiền sử gãy xương. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện từ 9/2021 - 9/2022 trên 285 BN loãng xương ≥ 60 tuổi, được khám và điều trị tại Bệnh viện Lão khoa Trung ương. Tình trạng trầm cảm được đánh giá bởi thang điểm Patient Health Questionaire (PHQ-9). Mật độ xương được đo bằng phương pháp hấp thụ tia X năng lượng kép (DXA). Kết quả: Tỷ lệ trầm cảm theo thang điểm PHQ-9 của người bệnh loãng xương cao tuổi là 53,7%. Đa số BN bị trầm cảm ở mức độ nhẹ (30,8%) và mức độ vừa (12,3%). Trầm cảm mức độ nặng và trầm trọng đều chiếm 5,3%. Trong các triệu chứng về trầm cảm theo thang điểm PHQ-9, tỷ lệ triệu chứng hay gặp nhất là: “Cảm thấy mệt mỏi hay thiếu sức sống” (65,6%) và “Khó khăn khi bắt đầu hay duy trì giấc ngủ, hay ngủ quá nhiều” (60,0%). Không tìm thấy mối liên quan giữa tiền sử gãy xương và nguy cơ trầm cảm. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ người bệnh loãng xương cao tuổi có triệu chứng trầm cảm là khá cao. Cần sàng lọc thường quy trầm cảm ở BN loãng xương cao tuổi ở các cơ sở y tế đa khoa và cộng đồng nhằm phát hiện và điều trị sớm cho BN.
THẨM ĐỊNH NGOẠI CÁC MÔ HÌNH DƯỢC ĐỘNG HỌC QUẦN THỂ CỦA TACROLIMUS TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN GHÉP THẬN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN QUÂN Y 103
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Vân Anh , Lê Bá Hải , Nguyễn Thị Liên Hương , Lê Việt Thắng , Vũ Dương Anh Minh
Published: June 2023

Mục tiêu: Sàng lọc và lựa chọn mô hình dược động học quần thể (PopPK) của Tacrolimus (Tac) phù hợp với quần thể bệnh nhân (BN) ghép thận tại Bệnh viện Quân y 103 (BVQY 103). Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Phương pháp thẩm định ngoại được sử dụng để lựa chọn mô hình PopPK thích hợp. Dữ liệu thẩm định ngoại được thu thập tiến cứu từ dữ liệu của 63 bệnh nhân (BN) ghép thận tại BVQY 103. Tất cả mô hình PopPK của Tac được tổng hợp hệ thống từ cơ sở dữ liệu Pubmed và Scopus. Mô hình được lựa chọn cho thẩm định ngoại là mô hình có chứa các yếu tố đồng ảnh hưởng có trên bộ dữ liệu BN của chúng tôi. Trung bình giá trị tuyệt đối của sai số dự đoán (MAPE), sai số dự đoán trung bình (MPE), và biểu đồ GOF được sử dụng để đánh giá tính phù hợp của các mô hình PopPK. Kết quả: Có 6 mô hình được lựa chọn cho thẩm định ngoại, trong đó mô hình của Zhu (2018) cho khả năng dự báo tốt với MAPE = 29,89%; MPE = -0,48. Biểu đồ GOF cũng cho thấy mô hình này có kết quả dự báo tốt nhất khi đường xu hướng các điểm dự báo bám sát với đường chuẩn (y = x). Kết luận: Mô hình của Zhu cho phép dự đoán tốt nồng độ đáy của Tac trên quần thể BN ghép thận tại BVQY 103 và có thể được sử dụng trong hỗ trợ tính liều của BN ghép thận.
SỰ THAY ĐỔI NỒNG ĐỘ ANGIOPOIETIN-1 VÀ ANGIOPOIETIN-2 Ở BỆNH NHÂN NHIỄM KHUẨN HUYẾT TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HỮU NGHỊ VIỆT TIỆP GIAI ĐOẠN 2018 - 2020
Authors: Lưu Thị Thanh Duyên , Bùi Văn Mạnh , Phạm Thái Dũng
Published: June 2023

Mục tiêu: Phân tích sự thay đổi nồng độ angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) và angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) ở bệnh nhân (BN) nhiễm khuẩn huyết (NKH). Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu trên 105 BN NKH tại Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Tiệp giai đoạn 2018 - 2020. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình của bệnh nhân NKH không có sốc nhiễm khuẩn (SNK) là 65,8 ±17,8, ở nhóm SNK là 66,5 ± 14,9. Nồng độ creatinine, pro-calcitonin (PCT), lactate ở nhóm SNK cao hơn nhóm NKH không SNK. Nồng độ Ang-1 (trung vị, khoảng tứ phân vị) ở nhóm NKH không có SNK và có SNK lần lượt là: 307,4 (79,5 - 946,1 pg/mL) và 172,4 (32,4 - 590,1 pg/mL). Nồng độ Ang-2 ở nhóm NKH không có SNK và có SNK lần lượt là: 515,6 (341,4 - 747,3 pg/mL) và 1096,8 (797,4 - 1291,3 pg/mL). Trung vị nồng độ Ang-1 ở các thời điểm chẩn đoán, sau 3 ngày, sau 7 ngày là: 187,1 (55,1-759,4 pg/mL); 390,8 (136,3 - 1290,1 pg/mL); 833,5 (356,8 - 1580,7 pg/mL). Trong khi đó nồng độ Ang-2 ở các thời điểm này là: 785,5 (402,9 - 1162,8 pg/mL); 521,9 (254,1 - 792,3 pg/mL); 353,5 (232,0 - 531,8 pg/mL). Kết luận: Nồng độ Ang-1 ở nhóm bệnh nhân NKH cao hơn ở nhóm bệnh nhân SNK; nồng độ Ang-2 ở nhóm NKH thấp hơn nhóm SNK; tỷ số Ang-1/Ang-2 tăng dần từ thời điểm chẩn đoán nhiễm khuẩn huyết đến 3 ngày và 7 ngày sau chẩn đoán.
STUDY ON THE TREATMENT RESULTS OF DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY IN SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY WITHOUT MASS LESION
Authors: Vũ Trí Hiếu , Dong Van He , Bui Quang Tuyen , Nguyen Thanh Bac
Published: June 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the treatment results of severe traumatic brain injury without intracranial hematoma by decompressive craniectomy. Methods: An uncontrolled intervention study on 45 patients with severe traumatic brain injury, no intracranial hematoma, high intracranial pressure above 20 mmHg, unresponsive to medical therapy, and operated decompressive craniectomy at Viet Duc University Hospital from May 2017 to December 2022. Research variables: Age, gender, cause of the accident, preoperative GCS, pulse and blood pressure before surgery, and CT images before and 3 months after surgery. Comparing treatment results between groups. Results: 45 patients were studied, including 42 males and 3 females; the oldest age was 78, and the lowest was 6 years old; traffic accidents accounted for the majority of 86.7%; daily-life accidents was 8.9%; GCS before surgery: 3 - 5 points (55.6%), GCS: 6 - 8 points (44.4%); GCS = 8 points (8.9%). The mean ICP was: 40.09 ± 10.37 mmHg. Results when patients were discharged: 9 patients were dead and 36 patients were alive. Conclusion: In the treatment results of decompression craniectomy on patients with a severe traumatic brain injury without intracranial hematoma, the mortality rate, vegetative state, and severe sequelae are still high.
STUDY ON CHANGES IN SERUM HBV RNA LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B TREATED WITH TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Ung , Le Van Nam , Nguyen Hong Thang , Nguyen Trong Chinh , Ho Huu Tho
Published: June 2023

Objectives: To determine the changes in serum HBV RNA levels in treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who were treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF). Methods: 77 treatment-naïve CHB patients were treated with long-term TDF monotherapy at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University from 2017 to 2020. Samples were collected at several time points: At the baseline, after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of TDF treatment. Serum HBV DNA and HBV RNA levels were quantified by the Real Time RT-PCR method. Statistical analyses were performed with Medcalc 20.019. Results: Serum HBV RNA levels tended to decrease during the TDF treatment in a biphasic pattern. In the first phase, from baseline to 3 months of treatment, HBV RNA levels decreased rapidly (the median slope of the decrease was 0.38 log copies/mL/month). In the second phase, from 3 - 12 months of treatment, serum HBV RNA levels decreased more slowly than in the first phase (the median slope of the decrease was 0.09 log copies/mL/month; p < 0.05). Serum HBV RNA levels decreased more slowly than serum HBV DNA levels in the first phase, but there was no significant difference in the second phase (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Serum HBV RNA levels decreased in a biphasic pattern with a different slope during TDF treatment. Serum HBV RNA levels decreased more slowly than HBV DNA and may complement this marker in the assessment of treatment outcomes and prognosis for chronic hepatitis B.
SO SÁNH SỰ THAY ĐỔI NỒNG ĐỘ LACTATE MÁU GIỮA NHÓM SỐNG VÀ TỬ VONG Ở BỆNH NHÂN SUY ĐA TẠNG
Authors: Lê Tiến Dũng , Phạm Thái Dũng , Bùi Văn Nhật , Bùi Khắc Vũ , Nguyễn Thúy Nhường , Nguyễn Thanh Tùng , Đồng Thế Long
Published: June 2023

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát và so sánh sự thay đổi nồng độ lactate máu động mạch giữa nhóm sống và tử vong ở bệnh nhân (BN) suy chức năng đa tạng (MODS: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome). Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả, tiến cứu, theo dõi dọc trên 40 BN được chẩn đoán suy đa tạng tại khoa Hồi sức Nội, Bệnh viện Quân y 103 được đưa vào nghiên cứu. MODS được đánh giá theo thang điểm SOFA (sequential organ failure assessment), với tiêu chuẩn là điểm SOFA ≥ 3 hoặc tăng ≥ 1 điểm so với lúc vào khoa điều trị tích cực. MODS được chẩn đoán khi có ≥ 2 tạng suy kéo dài trên 24 giờ. So sánh nồng độ lactate máu giữa nhóm sống và tử vong tại các thời điểm nghiên cứu  (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5). Kết quả: Nghiên cứu trên 40 BN; trong đó, nam giới chiếm 60%, tuổi trung bình là 63,2 ± 15,9. BN lactate > 4mmol/L chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất, theo sau là lactate 2 - 4 mmol/L và thấp nhất là lactate < 2 mmol/L. Ở tất cả thời điểm, nhóm BN tử vong có nồng độ lactate tăng ngay tại thời điểm được chẩn đoán và cao nhất tại thời điểm 6 giờ sau chẩn đoán rồi giảm dần. Tại thời điểm Tcđ  lactate từ 2 - 4 và lactate > 4 của nhóm tử vong cao hơn nhóm sống có ý nghĩa thống kê (p < 0,05). Kết luận: Ở nhóm BN tử vong nồng độ lactate máu tăng cao ngay tại thời điểm chẩn đoán suy đa tạng (T0), tiếp tục tăng cao nhất sau 6 giờ (T1) và cao hơn có ý nghĩa thống kê so với nhóm sống (p < 0,05) ở tất cả các thời điểm nghiên cứu.
NGHIÊN CỨU TẠO GEL HUYẾT TƯƠNG GIÀU TIỂU CẦU TỪ MÁU ĐỘNG MẠCH DÂY RỐN NGƯỜI
Authors: Đỗ Xuân Hai
Published: June 2023

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu điều chế gel huyết tương giàu tiểu cầu (platelet-rich plasma - PRP) từ máu động mạch dây rốn người. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: PRP được thu nhận từ máu động mạch dây rốn và được kích hoạt bằng hỗn dịch kích hoạt tiểu cầu CaCl2 (10%)/Thrombin tỷ lệ ½ (mL) với tỷ lệ thích hợp. Gel PRP sau điều chế được đánh giá chất lượng theo bảng phân loại DEPA của Magalon J. Kết quả: PRP thu được có số lượng tiểu cầu trung bình là 6,5 ± 1,5 × 109 tiểu cầu/mL, cao gấp 8 lần so với máu toàn phần. Tỷ lệ thu hồi tiểu cầu và độ tinh khiết đạt mức chất lượng cao theo bảng phân loại DEPA. Quá trình hoạt hoá đạt chất lượng gần như lý tưởng. Tỷ lệ PRP/CaCl2.(10%)/Thrombin tối ưu là 1/2/5. Kết luận: Điều chế thành công gel PRP từ máu cuống rốn với nồng độ tiểu cầu cao gấp 8 lần máu toàn phần, màu vàng nhạt và có độ tinh khiết 3,9+.
TUNING HYPERPARAMETERS OF SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS IN COMBINATION WITH K-NEAREST NEIGHBORS FOR IOT MALWARE DETECTION
Authors:   Le Quy Don Technical University, Nguyen Huu Noi
Published: June 2023

In the Internet of Things, sensor devices often generate massive sensory data across multiple domains and applications. Identifying IoT malware from a huge amount of such IoT data is often a challenging task. In our previous studies, analytic techniques were applied to reduce dimensionality and discover valuable information from the original data. Particularly, the Self-organizing Maps (SOM)-based classifier with an AutoEncoder is used to create an end-to-end IoT malware detection model. However, the SOM-based classifier has a constraint that new instances may be incorrectly classified if they are mapped into unlabelled neurons in the SOM map. To address this issue, in this study, a novel hybrid between SOM-based classifier and well-known classification algorithms like K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Softmax, Random Forest. In this hybrid, classification methods will help to correctly assign labels for instances mapped into the unlabeled neurons. In addition, this article investigates hyperparameter optimization methods for optimizing SOM hyperparameters. Our proposed methods were tested on the NBaIoT dataset with various experimental settings. Experimental results illustrate that SOMKNN often performs better than stand-alone techniques, including the SOM classifier.
STUCNET – SWIN TRANSFORMER-V2 UNET FOR CRACK SEGMENTATION NETWORK
Authors:   Le Quy Don Technical University, Phan Hai-Hong
Published: June 2023

Automatic crack detection on road surfaces is an important task for supporting the quality control of road infrastructure in transportation. Various methods have been proposed for crack segmentation, but their accuracy is still limited. To improve the effectiveness of crack detection, we propose the Swin Transformer v2 U-Net for Crack Segmentation Network model (STUCNet) for crack recognition. The proposed model combines the advantages of the Swin Transformer v2 into the encoding module of the U-Net-based architecture to enhance the quality of semantic image segmentation. Specifically, the model integrates Swin Transformer v2 with shifted windows as the encoder to extract contextual features for crack segmentation. The symmetric decoder is based on a convolutional neural network with attention designed to perform upsampling operations to restore the spatial resolution of the feature map. We evaluate the STUCNet model on a large dataset containing cracks collected in different contexts. Compared to current advanced models, the proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art (SOTA) results for crack segmentation.
Analisis Populasi Ikan Louhan (Cichlasoma x Paraneetroplus x Amphilophus) di Waduk Sempor, Kabupaten Kebumen
Authors: Dadiono Muh. Sulaiman , Restu Murti Pratiwi
Published: June 2023

Flowerhorn fish (Cichlasoma x Paraneetroplus x Amphilophus) are dangerous to the local ecosystem of Indonesian waters. It is feared that the existence of flowerhorn fish in local waters will become the dominant predator. Based on this study, it is reported that catches of flowerhorn fish in the Sempor Reservoir, Kebumen Regency, Central Java have the potential to become invasive predatory fish. The research method uses the desk study method and field observations by informants. The flowerhorn fish caught in the Sempor Reservoir is a record for efforts to protect the natural ecosystem of the reservoir from invasion by foreign predatory fish. The existence of flowerhorn fish in the Sempor Reservoir must be monitored, mapped and regulated with strict rules so that the balance of the Sempor Reservoir ecosystem is maintained from foreign predatory fish.
STRATEGI PEMBANGUNAN SISTEM PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK TERPUSAT (SPALD-T) DIKAMPUNG SELUMIT PANTAI
Authors: Denny Denny indrawanto , Selly Ratna Sari
Published: June 2023

The condition of wastewater treatment infrastructure is very minimal in the city of Tarakan, aiming to develop a strategy for managing domestic wastewater infrastructure in the city of Tarakan with reference to the MDGs targets, namely up to 2015-2019 and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's) achieving access to black water wastewater safe, while for gray water it can be in the form of an integrated domestic wastewater management strategy and program in increasing population access to safe black water and gray water treatment by providing individual septic tanks, communal septic tanks, and anaerobic partition reactor WWTPs.It is hoped that increasing institutional capacity and active participation of the community will improve domestic wastewater management so that it can improve the health status of the people of Tarakan City and reduce the rate of environmental damage.
Aufklärung und Religion
Authors: Langthaler Rudolf
Published: June 2023

Sapere aude. Versuche dich Deiner eigenen Vernunft zu Deinen wahren absoluten Zwecken zu bedienen. So beantwortet Kant in einer späten Formulierung die Frage, was Aufklärung sei. Deutlich wird darin einerseits deren Bezug zu seinem ›Weltbegriff der Philosophie‹, den er als Lehre von den ›wesentlichen Zwecken‹ und vom ›höchsten Zweck der Vernunft‹ bestimmt. Andererseits rückt Aufklärung in unvermutete Nähe zu Kants Kennzeichnung der Religion als ›höchste Angelegenheit des Menschen‹. Eine ausschließlich religionskritische Akzentuierung des Themas Aufklärung und Religion verliert damit an Plausibilität. Ausgehend von diesem Befund weist Rudolf Langthaler die Bedeutung der ›aufgeklärten‹ Religion in der Philosophie Kants nach und untersucht im Ausgang vom Problem der Existenz Gottes das Verhältnis von Religion und moralisch-praktischer Vernunft, das im Denken des Aufklärers mit dem Thema der ›Selbsterhaltung der Vernunft‹ eng verbunden ist. Es zeigt sich, dass dies ebenso eine Erörterung des komplexen Zusammenhangs von Vernunft und Offenbarung erfordert. Abschließend wird Kants erstaunlich distanziertes Verhältnis zu Lessing thematisiert, dessen dramatisches Gedicht Nathan der Weise jener bemerkenswerterweise sehr kritisch beurteilt.
Telehealth as a New Model of Healthcare Delivery for Physical Therapist Practice in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Almutairi Sattam
Published: June 2023

Background: Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, there were considerable changes in healthcare delivery worldwide. A shift to remote healthcare delivery modalities was necessary due to the lockdown and related social distance requirements. However, the current and future use of telehealth will rapidly increase. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the use, attitude and willingness, experience and confidence, and barriers to delivering healthcare via telehealth services among physical therapists (PTs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed to PTs. The questionnaire included items on demographic data, telehealth uses, experience and confidence, and attitudes and expectations. Descriptive statistics were used for the participants’ demographic data and responses. Results: A total of 372 participants with an average age of 29 ± 5.5 years were enrolled in the study. Only 143 participants (38.4%) provided telehealth services, and the majority (n = 121; 84.6%) used telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the majority of the PTs had not received training in telehealth (n = 231; 62.1%). The most commonly rated platform used in telehealth for consultation was Zoom (38.1%). The participants (n = 224; 60.2%) believe that telehealth is an important and useful tool in physical therapy practice. Furthermore, the PTs showed a desire to learn more about telehealth practices (n = 266; 71.5%). They confirmed that they would like to use telehealth in the future (n = 211; 56.7%). Conclusions: The PTs showed a good experience with and use of telehealth. However, there is a need for training courses in this regard. These positive findings make telehealth practice feasible and acceptable in healthcare services in physical therapy interventions.
“Where got I that truth?” An analysis of external sources in English and Persian news reports on Syria
Authors: Rezaee Abbas Ali , Mozaffari Mohammad
Published: June 2023

While there has been a plethora of inquiries into reported speech, a cross-linguistic analysis of the source segments in political news reports is still a rarity. This study aims at a three-fold investigation: first, tracking the frequency, transparency, and types of the sources; second, identifying the strategies employed to introduce these sources in text, and third, interrogating the contextual elements. To this end, a bottom-up analysis of 120 news reports from four quality newspapers (Kayhan and Jomhouri-e Eslami from Iran and The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal from the U.S.), mainly informed by van Leeuwen’s (1996) model of social actors, was carried out. The findings suggest a heavy reliance of both sets of newspapers on external sources to fulfill their vested interests, although they varied significantly with respect to frequency, transparency, and type.
Apocalyptic representation of COVID-19: A corpus-assisted discourse analysis of the World Health Organization's discourse practices
Authors: Altamimi Sadiq
Published: June 2023

This study examines the interdiscursive representation of the coronavirus disease by the World Health Organization from the outbreak of the virus in January 2020 to the announcement of a successful vaccine in November 2020. The aim is to find out whether the agency has delivered apocalyptic language that increased anxiety and stress among the public leading to a weak human immune system, or contributed to creating global cooperation and placing emergency measures to fight the virus. I have adopted a discourse analysis approach, with the aid of NVivo qualitative software and corpus linguistic tools, for the analysis of a purpose-built corpus of the WHO Director-General’s speeches, focusing on referential, predication, perspectivation, intensifying, mitigation and argumentation strategies. The result of the analysis revealed that the WHO discourse referred to COVID-19 as an eccentric virus, qualified and intensified by the agency as a threat to humanity. The WHO adopted a subjective point of view, showing active involvement in the discursive representation of the virus and argumentatively asking people to unite until a vaccine is invented.
Recontextualising "Doing a doctoral degree" as a social practice complex: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: De Rycker Teun
Published: June 2023

The current study is part of a longitudinal research project into the relationship between students’ ways of recontextualising their doctoral degree experience and eventual programme completion. Building on earlier findings reported in De Rycker (2014, 2022), the objective is to examine the hidden ontology of “doing a doctoral degree”. The primary data consist in structured interviews conducted with 20 doctoral students at the Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Using Van Leeuwen’s (2008) socio-semantic model for the critical study of discourse, the analysis of the interviews produced two major empirical findings. First, doctoral students’ discourse is characterised by a strong sense of personal agency but also a lack of specificity and a simplification of the overall practice complex, in which doing research seems to be reduced to mere semiotic actions. Secondly, students construe “doing a doctoral degree” as a mystifying process replete with paradoxes. Further interpretative analysis suggests that semiotic action representations play a significant role as self-enhancing metonyms for “doing research”, helping students to demystify the academic practice and resolve some of its inherent contradictions. Implications for supervisory practice as well as the larger research project will be discussed.