bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Brief History of Theosemiotic
Authors: Raposa Michael L.
Published: May 2021

This chapter supplies a historical survey of theosemiotic, focused less on demonstrating actual lines of causal influence than on exposing the resonance of certain ideas articulated by thinkers sometimes far removed from each other in space and time. It links Peirce’s thought to that of earlier figures (like Augustine, Duns Scotus, John Poinsot, Jonathan Edwards, and Ralph Waldo Emerson), certain contemporaries (especially William James and Josiah Royce), and later thinkers and developments (most notably, H. Richard Niebuhr, Simone Weil, and Gustavo Gutierrez). The chapter begins with an examination of the religious significance of talk about the “book of nature” and concludes with the observation of a certain natural affinity between a theosemiotic inspired by Peirce’s pragmatism and Latin American liberation theology.
Introduction: Children's Literature Otherwise
Authors: Kidd Kenneth B.
Published: May 2021

Opening with quick readings of A Child’s Guide to Freud (1963) and Communism for Kids (2014), the introduction outlines the topics and concerns of the book and provides a discussion of how theory and philosophy are treated in this context and have been conceptualized more generally. It introduces philosophy for children or P4C and explains what “theory for beginners” means. Also described is the philosophical turn in children’s literature studies, a turn this book both analyzes and encourages. The last section reviews theoretical and critical work on childhood and addresses concerns that theorists and philosophers too often and easily speak for children rather than listen to them. The introduction also makes a case for “wonder” and emphasizes the book’s alignment with childhood studies.
Theory for Beginners
Authors: Kidd Kenneth B.
Published: May 2021

As Chapter 2 emphasizes, theory isn’t merely interested in but also self-presents as a beginner. Theory is concerned with the beginner in part because theory needs beginners; theory cannot otherwise reproduce. The chapter first considers the tendency of certain strains of theory to present as for children or beginners. The chapter then turns to illustrated guides to theory, which launched in the 1960s and are still going strong. That material is theory-adjacent and may even qualify as theory itself. Taking creative as well as critical form, the graphic guides seek to encourage and amplify curiosity. The guides also had origin in leftist comic book writing in Mexico. The first such title was Cuba Para Principiantes, or Cuba for Beginners (1970), by the Mexican cartoonist and comic book artist Eduardo del Río, pseudonym Rius. The guides constitute a multimodal literature for beginners with links to imagetext genres for children. They raise fascinating questions about knowledge production and help us broaden the story of theory’s career in the United States, beyond accounts of “French theory.” The chapter concludes with some anecdotes of use.
Introduction
Authors: Burns Jeffrey M.
Published: May 2021

Preaching with Their Lives covers an era of immense change and painstaking development for both the United States and the order. Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, the nation was transformed from a rural, agricultural nation into an urban, industrial giant. It received a massive influx of immigrants as it emerged as the world’s leading economic power; it experienced two world wars, a great economic depression, postwar recovery and prosperity, and more than a decade of turbulent social and political change, culminating in its emergence as the world’s lone superpower. Throughout the century and a half that this volume covers, the Dominican family was present, doing its part, responding to the country’s needs, sharing its triumphs and challenges, and attempting to shape US culture according to the vision of St. Dominic, that is to say, the vision of the Gospel. Preaching with Their Lives seeks to explore the vast diversity of the Dominican family, the vast diversity of gifts, challenges, and ministries. It attempts to tell the story of those who have gone before. More important, it seeks to inspire future generations. Firmly grounded in the achievements of the past, the Dominican family can confront the challenges of the future with renewed vigor. But the essays are more than celebratory—the essays make a significant contribution to US Catholic historiography as well.
“In the Midst of Sorrow and Death”
Authors: McGuinness Margaret M.
Published: May 2021

This essay focuses on the work of Dominican Sisters in Memphis and Nashville during the second half of the nineteenth century. To a certain extent, their work often followed the trajectory of other congregations of religious women. They were sought after by priests and bishops, for example, who were anxious to establish schools and orphanages but needed religious women to staff and minister these institutions. On the other hand, the circumstances surrounding the arrival and subsequent work of the Dominicans in Memphis and Nashville differed dramatically from many of their counterparts in other parts of the United States. The sisters’ early years in Tennessee were marked by the devastation resulting from Civil War battles being fought on or perilously close to their properties. Following the war, Memphis and Nashville Dominicans experienced three outbreaks of yellow fever within a decade, as well as financial struggles that placed them in danger of being forced to abandon their schools and orphanages. Today, the Dominicans remain an active presence in both cities.
Arvo Pärt and the Art of Embodiment
Authors: Bouteneff Peter C. , Engelhardt Jeffers , Saler Robert
Published: May 2021

Chapter 1, written by the book’s three co-editors, serves as the book’s introduction. It sets out the book’s genesis, its interest in sound studies, and its main themes—chiefly surrounding the function that music plays in the embodiment of ideas, dispositions, and spirituality. More specifically, it points out how several chapters of this book entail a rethinking of Arvo Pärt’s compositional odyssey, grounding (or again, embodying) it in history and in his context as an Eastern European composer of the 1960s. It also summarizes all the book’s chapters, in the manner of a typical introduction to an edited volume.
Contemporary Turmoil
Authors: Williams Gareth
Published: May 2021

In this passage the contemporary is the eclipse of a notion of political authority grounded previously in the representation of the ‘mortal God’ of Hobbesian sovereignty. It is also, however, its permanent reactionary regurgitation in the form of political demagoguery, brute force, and biopolitical absolutism. We live in the exhaustion of the classical and modern structure of the katechon, or Christian metaphysics of restraint. This challenges in particular the validity of the notion of hegemony. Through specific discussions of contemporary and past political thinking (Lenin, Gramsci, Cacciari, Laclau and Moufee, etc.), this passage moves in the direction of the infrapolitical as an absolutely necessary proposition in the wake of the apotheosis and closure of the era of bourgeois revolution and the integral nation-state. It is a thinking attuned to an existential analytic that cannot be exhausted in the history of our modern biopolitical representation.
Morning News
Authors: Vandeputte Tom
Published: May 2021

“The newspaper reading of the early morning is a kind of realistic morning prayer,” Hegel writes in one of the notebooks kept during his years in Jena. This apparently marginal remark serves as a point of departure for the introductory chapter, which begins by developing an interpretation of the comparison presented here as an early condensed expression of Hegel’s mature philosophical position. As in the case of Kant, whose occasional remarks on newspaper reading are discussed in the remainder of the chapter, this motif, however, never makes its way into Hegel’s published philosophical work. Reflecting on the anxieties surrounding philosophy’s encounter with the novelty of the newspaper, the chapter outlines the problematic that will be central to the book, namely that of thinking time and history in the aftermath of German Idealism and the crisis of the modern philosophies of history.
Last Days
Authors: Vandeputte Tom
Published: May 2021

“The subject of this book,” Benjamin writes in the last exposé of his Arcades Project, “is an illusion expressed by Schopenhauer in the following formula: for the one who wants to seize the essence of history, it suffices to compare Herodotus and the morning newspaper.” In this chapter, I examine the place of journalism in Benjamin’s philosophical reflections on time and history through a close reading of his great essay on Karl Kraus, the Viennese writer who, for him, embodied journalism’s “most paradoxical form.” In his physiognomies of Kraus, Benjamin develops a critique of modern journalism as the expression of a wholly reified experience of history while also trying to retrieve the elements for a different kind of journalism: a writing that rids itself from a belief in progress and instead strives after an “actuality” (Aktualität) that is both close to and infinitely distant from the novelty of the newspapers.
Afterword
Authors: Vandeputte Tom
Published: May 2021

The afterword situates the encounter between philosophy and journalism against the background of the ancient conflict between the philosopher and the sophist. Drawing on a remark by Kierkegaard, the afterword explores the thought that philosophy may be understood as a “radical journalism”: an attempt to take a question that lies at the root of journalism, its radix, and to follow this through in the most uncompromising manner. This thought is further elaborated through a commentary on a remark in the work of Derrida, who, in a commentary on his newspaper articles of the early 1990s, refers to challenge posed by “the day, precisely, the question or reflection of the day, the resonance of the word today.” This remark is taken as a point of departure to ask what it could mean to do justice to this word, “today,” and attend to an unforeseeable future imminent in the present.
Khôrai Being Serious with Plato
Authors: Derrida Jacques
Published: May 2021

This chapter describes the seriousness of Jacques Derrida's approach to deconstruction. It begins by setting forth what he called early on his “exorbitant method.” The chapter then takes up the “example” he proposes of a deconstructive analysis: his treatment of Plato's khôra. It offers an opinion about why it is that Derrida's interest is drawn to the khôra, before showing how Plato's treatment of the khôra serves Derrida as a “sur-name” for différance, that is, a kind of “allegory” of différance. For khôra exposes a certain “impurity” and intractability at the very core of philosophical concepts, a certain retreat and recession from philosophy's grasp, right there in Plato, who is the very paradigm of what we mean by philosophy, thus leading to the very limits of philosophy — and to the heart of deconstruction.
Re-Joyce, Say Yes
Authors: Derrida Jacques
Published: May 2021

This chapter details how the “Roundtable” concludes with a question about Jacques Derrida's work on James Joyce, about the back-and-forth movement between Derrida and Joyce. If Derrida has made a dent in Joycean scholarship, if he has influenced how people read Joyce, that is only because Joyce has flowed deeply into Derrida's pen and been at work on Derrida almost from the beginning of his studies. Joyce is a writer who practiced, who enacted the “dissemination” of which Derrida dreamed and wrote. Joyce is one of an eminent line of “modernists” who have attracted Derrida's attention, who raise the very question of literature, writers whose texts call attention to themselves as texts, who compel one to ask what a literary text is. Derrida's particular interest in Joyce provides a lovely way to conclude the “Roundtable.” For it brings Derrida back to the beginning, to the question of beginnings and of inaugurations.
Comparative performance analysis of innovative separation chamber configurations: Numerical and experimental investigations
Authors: Zobeiri Mansour , Rostampour Vahid , Rezvanivand-Fanaei Adel , Nikbakht Ali M.
Published: May 2021

Aim of study: Novel configurations of separation chamber are proposed to resolve the critical issue of separation in agro-industrial equipment.Area of study: Dept. of Mechanical and Biosystems Engineering, Urmia, IranMaterial and methods: Precise and instrumented experimentation has been conducted to calibrate the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology in the modeling and simulating chickpea pod separation. Mechanisms were selected based on optimizing separation efficiency, relative purification and required airflow as a criterion for energy consumption.Main results: Applying a guiding blade and suction fans may potentially increase the separation efficiency while reducing the relative purification and required airflow. The highest separation efficiency (95%), the lowest required airflow (545 m³/h) and the lowest pressure drop (16.3 Pa), were obtained by such configuration. Furthermore, the highest relative purification of 90% was achieved when the mechanism was free of blade and fans.Research highlights: To integrate the advantages of the above-mentioned configurations, a series-type assembling them is proposed to preserve the separation efficiency and relative purification at the highest level, meanwhile reducing the required airflow. Also, 15% enhancement in the separation efficiency and 302.8 m³/h reductions in the airflow were found as a crucial finding. The high correlation of experimental and theoretical CFD results is the key point to motivate the researchers for extension of similar case projects.
Numerical Comparisons and Sex-Related Brain Connectivity
Authors: Gómez-Velázquez Fabiola R. , González-Garrido Andrés A. , Salido-Ruiz Ricardo A. , Torres-Ramos Sulema , Espinoza-Valdez Aurora , Román-Godínez Israel , Villuendas-González Erwin R.
Published: May 2021

Despite the recent literature on sex-related anatomic, maturational and functional brain differences, the study of significant individual developments in math learning and achievement has scarcely approached this perspective. We aimed to compare the influence of sex in functional brain connectivity and behavioral measures in a numerical comparison task. Therefore, a group of school children with ages from 8 to 11 years old was evaluated during a number comparison task. Even though the behavioral performance was similar across the sexes, males distinctly showed a significant correlation between their math WRAT-4 scores and the number of correct responses in the experimental task and working memory scores. Besides, the analysis of the concurrent EEG during task performance showed that males comparatively had a greater brain left intra-hemispheric connectivity, as well as greater interhemispheric connectivity, particularly in Theta and Alpha bands during task performing -as compared to resting-. In contrast, females showed a significantly different decrement of brain connectivity in the Alpha band from resting to task performing. Present results are interpreted as probably reflecting sex-related maturational dissimilarities in neurodevelopment, along with the progressive development of more efficient cognitive strategies, processes running not necessarily parallel in both sexes. 
Star Power
Authors: Ortiz Steven M.
Published: May 2021

This chapter provides insight into the use of power and control through the use of control work. It explores how the husbands rely on aspects of their occupational lives to try to control their domestic lives, and how the wives rely on aspects of their domestic lives in their attempts to have control in their marriage and family, cope with what they can’t control about their husbands’ careers, respond to their husbands’ efforts to control them, or gain a sense of personal empowerment. It illustrates how the sexual subordination of wives is achieved through control work and how the husbands’ control tactics ensure that the wives perform their “wifely duty.” It examines the women’s use of manipulation and other control tactics and the domestic control they rely on to cope with marital or occupational stressors. The chapter also examines the potential costs for wives who rely on control work.
A World of Groupies
Authors: Ortiz Steven M.
Published: May 2021

This chapter offers insight into a previously undocumented, complex world of groupies within the world of professional sports. It examines why the pervasive presence of female groupies and male groupies is deeply troubling for the wives. Based on the wives’ explicit and richly textured narratives detailing their perceptions of and experiences with individuals they define as groupies, a conceptual framework that applies the social world perspective and social types is developed and serves as a foundation for a groupie typology. The typology introduces an unexpected and eclectic range of both visible and invisible groupies, many of which contradict prevailing stereotypes. The chapter explores how the wives use boundary work and cope with various groupies in public interactions and discusses how the existence of this world of groupies can negatively impact the marital relationship and the wives’ emotional lives. The ideas of groupieism and groupie careers are introduced and applied.
The Final Score
Authors: Ortiz Steven M.
Published: May 2021

The conclusion provides some final observations about the longitudinal research itself and its short- and long-term effects on the women involved. It briefly touches on the few areas of the sport marriage that have seen improvement in the past few decades, discusses the conscious decisions the women make to continue normalizing the career-dominated marriage, and reports on how the marriages fared over time. It also describes the women’s personal empowerment as a result of their participation in the research. Finally, it summarizes the advice and suggested keys to a successful sport marriage that the wives in both studies offered, based on their lived experience. This overview essentially describes how and why the wife of a male professional athlete must adapt to realities if she wants her marriage to survive her husband’s career and retirement.
The Citadel of Home Rule
Authors: Kemper Kurt Edward
Published: May 2021

A vocal critic of commercialized athletics within the NCAA was small liberal arts colleges. The liberal arts athletic model, in contrast, believed that competitive athletics bred a distinctive masculinity tied to leadership and intellectual development. They decried the commercialized model that defined success by winning games and attracting a paying public, instead calling for athletics to be funded out of the regular college budget and providing opportunities for all interested male undergraduates. Their attempts to take advantage of the NCAA as a reform agency, however, frequently ran up against that organization’s “home rule” principle, which prohibited the organization from enacting any binding legislation. Additionally, the disinterest or inability of most NCAA schools to compete against the big-time programs led them to avoid or be excluded from the NCAA’s governance committees. Thus, though many liberal arts colleges belonged to the NCAA, they really played no role in it, watching with chagrin as it emerged as an organization in thrall to big-time athletics. In response, many smaller schools within the NCAA weighed the possible benefits of dividing the organization or leaving it entirely to found their own organization devoted to smaller colleges. The frustration with commercialized athletics reached their pinnacle with a series of academic, athletic, and gambling scandals in 1951.
Praying and Witnessing
Authors: Henig David
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the role of prayer (dova) in Muslim life. The act of prayer belongs to the villagers’ repertoires of vital exchange whereby blessing, prosperity, and vitality are accessed, and relations between life and the afterlife, and between the living, the dead, and the divine are maintained and cultivated. Prayer is thus crucial in villagers’ temporal orientations toward the past, present, and the future. The chapter focuses on two major forms of prayer. First, it explores how prayer is deployed to address matters here and now, and/or prospectively by introducing examples of Islamic healing, and dream visions and divination. Second, it analyzes how acts of prayer intersect with and shape the ethics of memory. It shows how the idiom of dova provides village Muslims with a vocabulary with which to engage with the critical events of the past and becomes a mode of historical experience. Specifically, it focuses on how prayer is performed by the living for the souls of the dead, including war martyrs from the 1992-95 war, as well as from the Ottoman era.
The Sultan Is Back
Authors: Henig David
Published: May 2021

This afterword discusses some of the recent events described in this book that have continued to unfold in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The most important one is the increasing interference of Turkey’s neo-Ottoman politico-religious agenda, which clashes with localized forms of Islamic practice. The afterword takes these events as a magnifying glass for the historical and political ramifications of the book. It argues that the large-scale homogenizing projects--imperial Ottoman and national post-Ottoman, secular socialist and ethnonational postsocialist--are all embedded in the village landscape, and in the local historical imagination and consciousness. They have left behind uncanny historical traces that continue to be contested and negotiated in villagers’ aspirations, articulations, and self-conceptions of what it means to be Muslim and to live a Muslim life. The afterword thus argues that a historical-ethnographic labor documenting and tracking the persistent features and durabilities of these homogenizing political projects needs to be understood in terms of their entwinements with grassroots counter-historicities embodied in villagers’ actions, rituals, and ethical repertoires.
Shifting Stories with Solutions Journalism
Authors: Wenzel Andrea
Published: May 2021

Chapter One introduces an example of how communication infrastructure theory can be used to diagnose the communication health of communities and to design an intervention in response. It also explores the role of place in influencing relationships between actors in local storytelling networks—in this case focusing on majority Black and Latinx communities in South Los Angeles that have historically been stigmatized by negative news representations. The chapter outlines a research-based intervention that sought to strengthen weak connections between local news outlets and community organizations by bringing representatives together to produce a series of solutions journalism stories about South LA. These stories were then discussed with South LA residents in a series of focus groups. While residents responded favorably to the solutions-orientation of stories, they wanted to see local media take steps to address power imbalances and to involve communities more in the process of making journalism.
Connecting Journalists and Community Members
Authors: Wenzel Andrea
Published: May 2021

Chapter Two explores an effort to involve residents in the process of making journalism. It follows the case of Curious City, a series produced by WBEZ Chicago public radio that invites listeners to nominate questions about Chicago that they want reporters to explore, using the Hearken digital engagement platform. Curious City undertook a foundation-supported experiment to determine the most effective outreach strategies to elicit participation from residents of historically stigmatized majority Black and Latinx neighborhoods as well as some majority white suburbs. The chapter finds that through offline engagement they strengthened, to a limited extent, what communication infrastructure theory calls “storytelling network” ties –particularly the links between local media and community members. However, because they failed to establish two-way connections with residents, stories were often told about communities without giving residents in those communities opportunities to listen to stories and participate in dialogue.
“Treated neither with Respect nor with Dignity”
Authors: Luibhéid Eithne
Published: May 2021

In this chapter, three LGBTIQ African refugees who have been resettled to the U.S. stage performances of belonging that insist upon seemingly contradictory desires to assimilate into neoliberal capitalist social formations while simultaneously indexing critiques of these very structures of power. The chapter draws on theorizations of fantasy and subjectivity from political theory, queer theory, and performance studies to suggest that these performances of self offer an expansive political model of belonging: to self, community, and nation that might be particularly necessary in contemporary shifts in political economy in the United States. I work to contribute a queer critique to existing scholarship on the role of imagination and fantasy in studies of refugee subjectivity and agency.
Home as Human Right and Black Power
Authors: Mitchell Koritha
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines two significant dramas, Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun (1959) and Alice Childress’s Wine in the Wilderness (1969). These plays highlight how consistently African Americans’ definitions of success involved conceiving of one’s household as either a fundamental human right or a sign of Black Power and independence. Both plays spotlight intimate settings that presumably facilitate racial self-affirmation, via civil rights assumptions or Black Power discourse, but in which single black women find little refuge. By highlighting the hostility these women encounter in their own communities, Hansberry and Childress suggested that rigorous debate remains crucial for homemade citizenship. Debate can empower African Americans to enjoy the sense of belonging and achievement as well as the independence and positive self-regard they deserve. [123 of 125 words]
The Ultimate Home
Authors: Mitchell Koritha
Published: May 2021

This chapter analyzes, as a performance text, Michelle Obama’s public persona as first lady. Proclaiming herself Mom-in-Chief, Mrs. Obama embodied a variation of the strong black woman, and her strategies for inspiring others resembled those of black club women of the 1890s and early 1900s. Club women taught other women best practices for caring for their families and homes. They also gave advice about, and considered themselves models for, how best to style one’s hair and dress appropriately. Likewise, Mrs. Obama made deliberate choices about hair, clothes, and overall bodily presentation, and she decorated the White House in ways that continued Jacqueline Kennedy’s legacy but that also acknowledged the hostility hounding her first family because it was not white. [119 of 125 words]
“This Is Our Fair and Our State”
Authors: Hudson Lynn M.
Published: May 2021

This chapter chronicles the simultaneous appearance of D. W. Griffith’s film, The Birth of a Nation and the opening of the Panama Pacific International Exposition (PPIE) in San Francisco in 1915. The PPIE celebrated, among other things, San Francisco’s recovery from the 1906 earthquake and fire, and the building of the Panama Canal. For African Americans, this fair, like the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, allowed them to demonstrate their contributions to the nation. The fairs also presented possibilities for black citizens to critique discrimination within and outside the fairgrounds. Delilah Beasley, a black journalist for the Oakland Tribune and the Oakland Enquirer, understood that the exposition offered a rare chance to garner a wide audience for her writing about black Californians and black history.
Between Stock and Star
Authors: Lampert Sara E.
Published: May 2021

This chapter charts the growth and expansion of theater and starring in the Northeast and mid-Atlantic regions in the United States from 1790 to 1830, showing the terms by which English actresses began to explore the opportunities of the American market by participating in the emerging transatlantic starring system and the growth of U.S. theater. Starring was gendered by genre in ways that obscure the significance of enterprising women. But unlike men, women were rarely able to operate as if they were independent agents. The starring careers of Anne Brunton Merry, Agnes Holman, Lydia Kelly, Clara Fisher, and Mary Ann Duff reveal the professional strategies actresses used to change the terms and trajectories of their careers with varying success, professional opportunities tied to their family duties.
(Dis)Obedient Daughters and Devoted Wives
Authors: Lampert Sara E.
Published: May 2021

This chapter charts the life cycle of actresses in the American starring system, highlighting the common gendered features of starring for girls and women, including the gendered frameworks found in promotional and biographical materials. This chapter returns to Anne Brunton Merry, Agnes Holman, Clara Fisher Maeder, and Lydia Kelly while introducing Ellen Johnson Hilson, Frances Denny Drake, and Elizabeth Blanchard Hamblin. Together their stories illustrate how the careers of women and girls were yoked to the corporate interests of the nuclear family in ways that constrained the terms of their careers. New forms of publicity, which expanded in the 1820s and 1830s, mobilized a gendered politics of respectability that was built around starring women’s family identities but that reframed their role as family earners through sentimental domestic narratives.
Conclusion
Authors: Lampert Sara E.
Published: May 2021

The conclusion returns to actress Josephine Clifton, whose legacy underscores starring women’s negotiation of new entertainment opportunities in U.S. theater, celebrity culture, and gender roles in the early nineteenth century chronicled in this book. Neither their marginalized social status nor their cultural power liberated women stars from the patriarchal expectations governing family and entertainment. Navigating the shifting publics and address of American theater required the appearance of conformity to gendered scripts, as well as sometimes a disavowal of the very real cultural power and, in rare cases, personal autonomy that some achieved.
Movement in Black
Authors: Avilez GerShun
Published: May 2021

Black gay and lesbian artists take up the question of spatial justice in their works because they recognize the social insecurity for those who sit at the intersection of racial and sexual minority existence. Spatial justice names the project of describing the ongoing denial of freedom of movement paired with claiming the right of mobility and the right to occupy public space. The chapter uses the poetry of Cheryl Clarke and Pat Parker to establish this idea of spatial justice. These artists, among others, contend with the spatialized inequality that eludes legislative change, specifically, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, through documentary poetic projects. Calls for spatial justice result in art concerned with queer self-making and world-making even in the context of layered conflict.
Geographies of Risk
Authors: Avilez GerShun
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores how Black diasporic authors use representations of immigration to redefine the relationship queer bodies have to place and to offer radical visions of freedom. It traces how immigration creates conditions of vulnerability, specifically, the loss of privacy and control over one’s body, by looking at feminist ethnographies of Caribbean labor migrants to Canada and at the fiction of Makeda Silvera. From there, the chapter explains how queer writers claim fugitive movement as a way to escape forces that seek to control them and as a way to imagine freedom in the context of marginalization; the chapter does so by analyzing the historiographic and creative work of Dionne Brand. The writers discussed in this chapter reimagine marginalization resulting from immigration as an unexpected pathway of flight and fugitivity.
Uneven Vulnerability
Authors: Avilez GerShun
Published: May 2021

This chapter shows how incarcerated gay men present prisons as spaces of exposure and seek to disorder the governing logics that enable acts of exposure, which derive from surveillance. Gay men’s experience of incarceration is one of hypervisibility, meaning that their visibility consists of multiple layers and is differentiated because of the perceptions of their bodies and their desires. This enhanced visibility magnifies the general vulnerability associated with detention. The chapter explores edited collections of writing alongside memoirs by gay men in prison to show how same-sex desire is used as a way to refuse queer vulnerability, to undermine notions of Black masculinity as rooted in the concept of the “cool pose,” and to rewrite familiar scripts about male prison rape and HIV/AIDS concerns.
“When Keeping It Real Goes Wrong”
Authors: Morgan Danielle Fuentes
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines stand-up comedy and comedians to address the issues that arise when satire misses its intended mark through moments of misrecognition, misrepresentation, or misreading. The focus is on the comedy of W. Kamau Bell, Chris Rock, Whoopi Goldberg, Dave Chappelle, and Leslie Jones and demonstrates that when the mode of humor is misconstrued, the laughter may be heard as acceptance of stereotypes of Blackness rather than condemnation. Satirists may avoid these misfires through a display of their own vulnerability that serves to remind audiences of the comedian’s own fallibility and humanity and the sociopolitical stakes in joke telling.
Introduction
Authors: Beck Ann Flesor
Published: May 2021

The author’s Greek immigrant grandfather, Gus Flesor, came to America in 1901 and took ownership of a confectionery/soda fountain in the small town of Tuscola, Illinois, in 1904. After seventy-five years in business, the store closed, but in 2004, the author and her sister reopened it in the same building with many of the original 1920s-era fixtures. This introduction provides a brief overview of the Flesor family story, which then serves as a case study throughout the work and as an archetype for more than 125 other Greek immigrant confectioners who settled in small-town central Illinois a century ago.
Foundations
Authors: Beck Ann Flesor
Published: May 2021

To understand the Greek immigrants’ story it is necessary to know where they originated and the impetus for leaving their homeland. Chapter 1 provides the geographical, historical, social, cultural, and political background necessary to appreciate why hundreds of thousands of Greek men and women immigrated to America between 1880 and 1930.
Greeks vs. Goblins
Authors: Beck Ann Flesor
Published: May 2021

The “100 percent Americanism” and anti-hyphenation rhetoric that had been building since before the Great War rapidly escalated into ugly and violent attacks on immigrants after it. Chapter 5 specifically focuses on the Ku Klux Klan’s role in promoting racism and extreme anti-immigrant hostility in the mid-1920s. In 1923 the KKK burned a cross in front of Gus Flesor’s store in Tuscola. He did not give in to the violence, however, nor did any of the Greeks in central Illinois, and their resistance to attacks on their families and businesses is also part of this story.
Small-City Greek Confectioners
Authors: Beck Ann Flesor
Published: May 2021

Chapter 7 focuses on the smaller cities in central Illinois where Greek immigrant confectioners settled and established small Greek communities, centered on the Greek Orthodox churches that were funded and supported by the Greek confectioners and other successful Greek businessmen and community leaders. Unlike the small towns where only one or sometimes two Greeks might open a candy store, these small cities often had several, such as Springfield, which had as many as ten to fifteen Greek confectioners around 1920. Many of these Greek entrepreneurs took their earnings and bought real estate or opened other businesses. The most famous of these were Gus and Louis Kerasotes, who went from making candy to opening the first of what became a nationwide chain of movie houses.
Witness and Celebrate
Authors: Eller Jonathan R.
Published: May 2021

Chapter five surveys the poems and musical experiments that both distracted Bradbury from story writing and renewed his creativity in the early 1970s. Television and film composer Lalo Schifrin put Bradbury’s Madrigals for the Space Age to music just as Bradbury’s accelerating output of poems led to the first of three volumes of verse with his trade publisher Alfred A. Knopf. His defiant articles on the termination of the Apollo lunar missions culminated in his December 1972 Playboy article, “From Stonehenge to Tranquility Base,” a title image meant to convey the all-too-brief period of human history devoted to reaching the heavens. Chapter five concludes with unsuccessful attempts by the United States government to negotiate a cultural exchange for Bradbury with the Soviet Union.
Infinite Worlds
Authors: Eller Jonathan R.
Published: May 2021

Chapter 11 documents Bradbury’s 1978 trip to Europe and his participation in the 150th birthday anniversary celebrations for Jules Verne. He was an honored guest in Paris and continued with his wife to visit Italian film director Federico Fellini at his studio in Rome. The chapter also surveys the back story to Bradbury’s visit with Fellini, and Fellini’s sense that they were spiritual twins, sharing a love of fantasy and a distain of authoritarianism. The success of Star Wars and Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and the high regard he found for science fiction and fantasy films in Europe, led Bradbury to change film agents back in Los Angeles.
Forms of Things Unknown
Authors: Eller Jonathan R.
Published: May 2021

Bradbury advanced his visionary role through his keynote address for NASA’s 1987 Goddard Memorial Dinner. Chapter 24 documents how he established a balance between criticism and motivation in spite of his mistrust of the military industrial establishment represented at the event. The chapter also discusses The Toynbee Convector and the importance of the title story, which offers Toynbee’s “challenge and response” insight as the best illustration of Bradbury’s self-perceived purpose as a writer: to show how humanity can shape the future by believing in it to the point of certainty. The chapter concludes with his summer trip to France and his journey to the grave of his uncle Samuel Bradbury, felled by influenza in the final days of World War I.
“Nothing Has to Die”
Authors: Eller Jonathan R.
Published: May 2021

Chapter 42 begins with an accounting of the pervasive spread of Bradbury stories through many hundreds of textbooks and anthologies. “Nothing has to die,” Walt Disney had once told him, and the memory of those words helped turn Bradbury back to the best of his long-deferred books, Somewhere a Band Is Playing. It is more mood piece than novel, but it conveys Bradbury’s lifelong search for a place preserved forever out of time. It was paired with Leviathan 99 in a single volume titled Now and Forever (2007). The chapter continues with Bradbury’s Special Lifetime Pulitzer Citation, major awards from foreign nations, the dedication of his Halloween Tree in Disneyland, all tempered by the 2008 passing of his good friend Charlton Heston.
Remembrance
Authors: Eller Jonathan R.
Published: May 2021

Bradbury felt great responsibility for the gift of life, and chapter 44 opens with a survey of his allusions to remembrance in his fiction and unpublished notes. Preserved memories from the distant past ranged from old phonograph records his mother would play for him in the 1920s to remembered color photographs of King Tutankhamen’s golden death mask. The chapter also chronicles his friendship with Carla Laemmle, one of the last silent film actresses; the 2009 radio production of Leviathan 99, Bradbury’s last collaboration with radio legend Norman Corwin; and Bradbury’s gentle decline and death on June 5, 2012. Bradbury’s passing was noticed around the world, prompting reflections on the transmission of his best early work through generations of readers.
The 1880s and 1890s
Authors: Preston Katherine K.
Published: May 2021

New York grew dramatically in population and musical activity in the 1880s and 1890s. Bristow was still respected and admired but now as a venerable musician who was out-of-step with current developments (he was never a Wagnerian). His performing activity diminished; he resigned from the Philharmonic Society in 1882. He joined the New York Manuscript Society, suggesting continued support for American musicians. He resumed writing songs and character pieces for piano (including “Plantation Melodies,” perhaps in response to Antonin Dvořák). He revised Rip Van Winkle and wrote the overture Jibbenainosay (1886) as well as the Mass in C (1885) and his choral symphony, Niagara (1893).
The Huawei Model
Authors: Wen Yun
Published: May 2021

With the rise of China’s information and communications technology (ICT) sector, a number of Chinese high-tech firms are approaching transnational stages and shifting the center of gravity in global ICT markets. In the meantime, China’s digital economy has raised the debate with regard to the nature and direction of its developmental model. This book investigates Huawei Technologies—China’s most competitive high-tech company—as a microcosm of the rise of China’s corporate power and its evolving digital economy. Yun Wen first traces Huawei’s history against the backdrop of China’s ICT development and its outward expansion in global markets. Focusing on Huawei’s research and development strategies, she then delineates Huawei’s path to its cutting-edge technology and innovation leadership. Huawei’s distinct experience in the design of its ownership structure and labor practices is also examined in the book. By examining how Huawei’s growth intertwined with the trajectory of China’s ICT development and how it responded to various forces of corporate China’s globalization, this book sheds light on distinguishing features of the “Huawei model” and the geopolitical economic implications of China’s corporate globalization. It argues that the core of China’s pathbreaking model lies in local alternatives and indigenous agencies that have the ability to insist on a self-reliant, open-minded, and innovation-oriented developmental strategy.
Introduction
Authors: Wen Yun
Published: May 2021

This chapter provides a historical account of the geopolitical economy of the global digital infrastructure and the role played by multinationals in configuring the global communications order. Locating the Huawei case in the international political-economic framework, it is argued that the relationship of capital, state, and class is mutually constituted. This approach offers a perspective to capture the dynamics of power structure and social relations underlying the globalization of corporate China. By contextualizing Huawei’s growth in China’s political-economic transformations and the country’s integration into global digital capitalism, this case also contributes to the theoretical discussion of the “Chinese model.”
Huawei’s Domestic Accumulation
Authors: Wen Yun
Published: May 2021

This chapter first provides an overview of China’s ICT developmental trajectory. The transition from self-sufficient industrial development in the Mao era to export-oriented, FDI-dependent industrialization in the post-Mao reform is examined to reveal the structural context that shaped Huawei’s development. This chapter then historicizes Huawei’s three crucial stages of domestic accumulation: (1) the initial stage of capital accumulation in the fixed-line sector from the 1980s to the mid-1990s, (2) the “struggling” developmental stage in the domestic mobile telecom market from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s, and (3) the stage of strategic reorientation since the mid-2000s.
Going Global
Authors: Wen Yun
Published: May 2021

This chapter looks at Huawei’s expansion into the global South in terms of its motivations, practices, and implications. The Huawei story reflects China’s rise as an indispensable actor in restructuring the global ICT infrastructure network system via exporting China’s experience and undercutting the Western dominance in the traditional political-economic order. However, it also has generated conflicts between state-backed Chinese corporate capital and local societies. This chapter tends to respond to the critiques on “China’s threat” with regard to China’s engagement in the global South.
From Path-Dependent to Pathbreaking?
Authors: Wen Yun
Published: May 2021

This chapter delineates Huawei’s path to its cutting-edge technology and innovation leadership by examining its specific R&D strategies in different domains, including its core strength in switching technology, its contradictory role in developing China’s indigenous telecom standards, the catch-up strategy in semiconductor technology, and its patents and intellectual property strategies. It highlights the paradoxical dynamics between the techno-nationalist initiative and the logic of capitalist accumulation underlying Huawei’s technological innovation. Huawei’s increasing power in international markets and the arena of technological governance suggests that Chinese technological firms have played an increasingly important role in influencing and even defining global technology.
Conclusion
Authors: Wen Yun
Published: May 2021

The concluding chapter discusses the distinct experience generated from the Huawei case. It is argued that the Chinese state possesses strong autonomy and capacity to seek reorientation of China’s ICT developmental path and to increase the country’s competence in indigenous technology, which formed a strong state-capital alliance to carry out strategic developmental plans. The Huawei story sheds light on geoeconomic and geopolitical implications of China’s globalized corporate power, suggesting China’s role in the global power shift. It also underscores the significance of “self-reliant” development that constitutes the distinct “Chinese model” of ICT development.
Making Madam C. J. Walker
Authors: Freeman Tyrone McKinley
Published: May 2021

Chapter 1 presents the early life experiences of Sarah Breedlove and their influences in shaping Madam C. J. Walker’s identity, sense of responsibility to others, and philanthropic giving. Her philanthropy began to form when she was a poor, widowed migrant moving around the South dependent upon a robust philanthropic network of black civil society institutions and black women who cared for her during the most difficult period of her life. The chapter shows how she was socialized into respectability, racial uplift ideology, generosity, and philanthropic giving by a group of St. Louis black churchwomen and clubwomen, whose support and mentoring enabled her to change her life course. In outlining her early membership and involvement with key networks of women, including washerwomen, the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church’s Mite Missionary Society, and the Court of Calanthe fraternal order, the chapter demonstrates the formation of Madam Walker’s moral imagination as the foundation for her philanthropic life. It situates Walker within the culture of the AME Church, which immersed her in faith, black history, self-help and racial uplift ideologies, education, activism, and internationalism. In the process, the chapter reveals Walker’s formation of a moral imagination that integrated business and philanthropy, embraced particular causes, and forged diverse means of giving.