bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Electrostatic Potential Obtained From Different Atomic Point Charges Calculation Methods for a Large Set of Molecules
Authors: Emirik Mustafa , Yılmaz Sevil Savaşkan
Published: November 2020

The Electrostatic Potential is of great importance in chemical reactivity since it is closely related to many of molecular properties. Despite the fact that there are significant improvements in the quantum mechanical calculation methods, the atom centered partial charge approximation keeps hold of its importance in the field of estimating electrostatic potential as an inexpensive alternative to the ab initio method. However, even today, there is no universally accepted the best method for computing a partial atomic charge. Here, we compared the electrostatic potential obtained from different atomic point charges calculation methods for a large set of molecules. To this end, the large Grimme set of molecules was used. Some of the molecules in the set naturally failed in estimating the electrostatic potential. This failure, therefore, was investigated in depth. The Iterative Hirshfeld method can be preferable for electrostatic potential field generation.
Electrochemical Reactions of Ionic Liquid in Vacuum and Their Influence on Ion-Beam Production by Electrospray
Authors: Fujiwara Yukio
Published: November 2020

Electrochemical reactions at interfaces between metal and ionic liquid are of great practical importance in ionic liquid ion sources, which can produce negative and positive ion beams by electrospray in vacuum. This is because electrochemical reactions involved in ion beam production can cause emitter degradation, leading to beam instabilities. Here we investigate ion beam production using a tungsten needle wetted with ionic liquid. We also investigate electrochemical reactions of ionic liquid at tungsten electrodes in vacuum with a quadrupole mass spectrometer, which allows us to measure volatile products formed via electrochemical reactions. Two types of ionic liquids were tested: propylammonium nitrate (PAN), which is protic and hydrophilic, and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([EMIM][TFSA]), which is aprotic and hydrophobic. Beam measurements show that a negative ion beam containing large cluster ions can be produced continuously using each ionic liquid. Electrochemical measurements with PAN show that volatile products are formed via electrochemical oxidation and reduction, thereby indicating that ion beams of PAN can be produced continuously in both negative and positive ion modes. Experiments with [EMIM][TFSA] show that the electrochemical reductions of both [EMIM]+ and [TFSA]− occur and thus form volatile products, indicating that such reactions enable its continuous negative ion beam production.
Systematic Study of the Cathode Compositional Dependency of Cross-Talk Behavior in Li-Ion Battery
Authors: Son Seoung-Bum , Robertson David , Tsai Yifen , Trask Stephen , Dunlop Alison , Bloom Ira
Published: November 2020

While LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 (NMC) is one of the most widely used cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the composition of NMC is evolving to Ni-rich NMC to achieve higher lithium capacity that fulfills the constant demand for LIBs with ever-higher energy densities. The change in the composition of NMC affects electrochemical features and electrode cross-talk, which explains the performance change during cycling. In this study, we introduce various NMC materials (LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2, LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2) to reveal how the NMC composition affects electrode cross-talk. The study reveals that NMC composition strongly affects transition metal dissolution; dissolution of manganese linearly decreases as its stoichiometric ratio in NMC decreases, while dissolution of nickel is only prominent in LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2. Aged electrolyte samples are characterized with high-performance liquid chromatography, and two electrolyte decomposition species, C8H16O5 and C9H18O5, are identified across all samples.
Spatially Directed Functionalization by Co-electropolymerization of Two 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene Derivatives on Microelectrodes within an Array
Authors: Jones Benjamin J. , Korzeniewski Carol , Franco Jefferson H. , Minteer Shelley D. , Fritsch Ingrid
Published: November 2020

Electrodeposited conductive copolymer films with predictable relative properties (quantities of functional groups for further modification and capacitance) are of interest in sensors, organic electronic materials and energy applications. Potentiodynamic copolymerization of films in aqueous solutions of two different thiophene derivatives, (2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b]dioxin-2-yl)methanol (1) and 4-((2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl)-methoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid (2), containing 0.02 M total monomer (0, 25, 34, 50, 66, 75, 100 mol% 2), 0.05 M sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 0.1 M LiClO4, on gold microelectrodes in an array was investigated. Decreasing monomer deposited (m) from 0 to 100 mol% 2 is attributed to a decreasing pH that inhibits electropolymerization. Molar ratios of 1 and 2 in the films, determined by micro-attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, tracks closely with the ratio in the deposition solutions. Capacitances measured from cyclic voltammetry in aqueous buffer and electron transfer of ferrocyanide at the films are unaffected by copolymer composition, except for the 100 mol% 2 case. Ratios of reverse-to-forward faradaic peak currents suggest that films with high content of 1 expand in the anodic form and contract in the cathodic form and vice versa for films with high content of 2, where anions and cations dominate counterion transport from solution, respectively.
Decoration of Ni/C with Small Amounts of Pd and Au for Allyl Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Lei Shuangshuang , Xu Mengmeng , Jin Changchun
Published: November 2020

The decoration of the surface of Ni nanoparticles supported on carbon black with Pd and Au and the electrooxidation of allyl alcohol on the Au/Pd/Ni/C catalysts in alkaline solution have been investigated. The decoration of Ni/C is performed by the electrochemical deposition of a small amount of Pd and then Au on Ni/C, and the Aux/Pdy/Ni100/C catalysts with the (x+y):100 atomic ratios of less then 4.5 (0.2 < x < 1.2 and 0.6 < y < 3.1) are prepared. Characterizations of Au/Pd/Ni/C reveal a uniform dispersion of the metal nanoparticles on carbon black and a low coverage of Au and Pd on the Ni nanoparticle surface. Au/Pd/Ni/C behaves more similar to Pd/C than Au/C in allyl alcohol oxidation, and the catalytic activity of Au/Pd/Ni/C depends on the amounts of Pd and Au, with Au0.9/Pd2.2/Ni100/C exhibiting the highest activity. Besides Pd and Au, the Ni nanoparticles also play important roles in the activity of Au/Pd/Ni/C, although Ni itself has no catalytic activity. The lack of any one of Pd, Au and Ni leads to low catalytic activity, indicating the synergy among the three metals. The result is helpful for preparing ternary electrocatalysts by the surface decoration.
Preparation of Flat and Smooth Copper Surface by Jet Electrochemical Machining and Electrochemical Polishing
Authors: Wang Ke , Yan Ying , Zhou Ping , Zhang Chao , Kang Renke , Guo Dongming
Published: November 2020

Ultra-flat and ultra-smooth copper (Cu) surfaces are widely used as optical mirrors, heat sinks, and substrates for functional material growth. Traditional polishing methods that rely on abrasive particles are easy to induce mechanical defects such as abrasives embedding and scratches on surfaces. A new stress-free machining process is proposed in this research to fabricate an ultra-flat and ultra-smooth Cu surface by combining jet electrochemical machining (Jet-ECM) and electrochemical polishing (ECP). With the accurate manipulating of material removal rate (MRR) and planning of nozzle trajectory, an ultra-flat surface can be obtained efficiently in the Jet-ECM process. The surface roughness of the workpiece can be further improved by ECP with the same electrolyte used in the Jet-ECM process. The results show that the surface peak-to-valley (PV) value which indicated the surface form error of the Cu surface was reduced from 4.4 μm to 1.7 μm and the surface roughness Sa was reduced from 70.3 nm to 13.5 nm. The combination of Jet-ECM and ECP which share the same electrolyte and apparatus can improve the surface flatness and roughness significantly. This study improves the machining accuracy of stress-free machining methods and has great implications for the further understanding of the electrochemical removal mechanism.
Preparation of Ordered Porous Alumina Through-Hole Membranes with Large Hole Periods by Two-Layer Anodization
Authors: Yanagishita Takashi , Ozaki Mami , Kawato Ryotaro , Kato Atsushi , Kondo Toshiaki , Masuda Hideki
Published: November 2020

Ordered anodic porous alumina through-hole membranes with a hole period larger than 500 nm were fabricated by two-layer anodization. Formation of the ordered anodic porous alumina with a hole period larger than 500 nm was carried out by anodization of Al in phosphoric acid or mixture of malic acid and phosphoric acid. Two-layered structures comprising porous alumina layers with different solubilities were formed by anodization using two electrolytes, one of which was 17.6 M sulfuric acid. The membranes were prepared by selectively etching the lower part of the alumina layer formed in 17.6 M sulfuric acid. The thickness of the membranes was controlled by adjusting the anodization time. The obtained membranes are expected to be used in various applications such as filtration membranes.
Moving student research forward during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Elmer Steven J. , Durocher John J.
Published: November 2020

The COVID--19 pandemic has impacted undergraduate and graduate student research. With the uncertainty right now, it is a challenge for faculty to offer clear guidance for how students can proceed with their research and capstone projects. In this brief editorial, we offer suggestions for moving student research forward during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Neuroprosthetics: an outlook on active challenges toward clinical adoption
Authors: Bonizzato Marco
Published: November 2020

Neural prostheses are designed to counter the effects of neurotrauma and restore the fundamental building blocks of human experience including motor action, sensation, and meaningful communication with other individuals. Here, we present an overview of active avenues, open questions, and debated topics in neuroprosthetics, such as targeting the mechanisms of sensorimotor recovery and designing brain interfaces for scalability. We review leading opinions in this thriving field, aiming to inform translational practice toward clinical adoption.
Network Pharmacology Identifies the Mechanisms of Action of Tongxie Anchang Decoction in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea Predominant
Authors: Tan Xiang , Pei Wenjing , Xie Chune , Wang Zhibin , Mao Tangyou , Zhao Xingjie , Kou Fushun , Lu Qiongqiong , Sun Zhongmei , Xue Xiaoxuan , Li Junxiang
Published: November 2020

Aim. This study aims to uncover the pharmacological mechanism of Tongxie Anchang Decoction (TXACD), a new and effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, for treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea predominant (IBS‐D) using network pharmacology. Methods. The active compounds and putative targets of TXACD were retrieved from TCMSP database and published literature; related target genes of IBS‐D were retrieved from GeneCards; PPI network of the common target hub gene was constructed by STRING. Furthermore, these hub genes were analyzed using gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Results. A total of 54 active compounds and 639 targets were identified through a database search. The compound‐target network was constructed, and the key compounds were screened out according to the degree. By using the PPI and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, the pharmacological mechanism network of TXACD in the treatment of IBS‐D was constructed. Conclusions. This study revealed the possible mechanisms by which TXACD treatment alleviated IBS‐D involvement in the modulation of multiple targets and multiple pathways, including the immune regulation, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. These findings provide novel insights into the regulatory role of TXACD in the prevention and treatment of IBS‐D and hold promise for herb‐based complementary and alternative therapy.
Thermodilution-Based Invasive Assessment of Absolute Coronary Blood Flow and Microvascular Resistance: Quantification of Microvascular (Dys)Function?
Authors: Keulards Daniëlle C. J. , El Farissi Mohamed , Tonino Pim. A. L , Teeuwen Koen , Vlaar Pieter-Jan , van Hagen Eduard , Wijnbergen Inge. F. , de Vos Annemiek , Brueren Guus R. G. , van’t Veer Marcel , Pijls Nico H. J.
Published: November 2020

During the last two decades, there has been a sharp increase in both interest and knowledge about the coronary microcirculation. Since these small vessels are not visible by the human eye, physiologic measurements should be used to characterize their function. The invasive methods presently used (coronary flow reserve (CFR) and index of microvascular resistance (IMR)) are operator-dependent and mandate the use of adenosine to induce hyperemia. In recent years, a new thermodilution-based method for measurement of absolute coronary blood flow and microvascular resistance has been proposed and initial procedural problems have been overcome. Presently, the technique is easy to perform using the Rayflow infusion catheter and the Coroventis software. The method is accurate, reproducible, and completely operator-independent. This method has been validated noninvasively against the current golden standard for flow assessment: Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT). In addition, absolute flow and resistance measurements have proved to be safe, both periprocedurally and at long-term follow-up. With an increasing number of studies being performed, this method has great potential for better understanding and quantification of microvascular disease.
The Effect of the Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane and Surgically Induced Posterior Vitreous Detachment on the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer
Authors: Altun A.
Published: November 2020

Aim. To investigate the changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with surgically induced posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Methods. Patients with unilateral ERM with vitreomacular traction were included in this prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical trial. The control group (Group 1) was formed with the nonoperated fellow eyes of the patients, and the study group (Group 2) was formed with the eyes that underwent PPV including idiopathic ERM and ILM peeling. In the preoperative and postoperative periods (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months), complete ophthalmological examination of the eyes was performed and RNFL measurements were examined in 4 different quadrants (superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal) with the help of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results. There was no statistically significant change in Group 1 during the follow-up period in all quadrants (

p
>
0.05

). The mean RNFL thickness in Group 2 was statistically significantly higher than in Group 1 in superior, inferior, and temporal quadrants (

p
<
0.01

), preoperatively. The mean RNFL in Group 2 was higher in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th months and lower in the 12th month in superior, inferior, and temporal quadrants (

p
<
0.01

) when compared to the preoperative period. The mean RNFL thickness in the nasal quadrant in Group 2 was higher in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd (

p
<
0.01

) months, same in the 6th month (

p
>
0.05

), and lower in the 12th (

p
<
0.01

) month when compared to the preoperative period. Conclusion. Idiopathic ERM may cause an increase in RNFL thickness in superior, inferior, and temporal quadrants with possible tractional effect. PPV with PVD induction and ERM and ILM peeling may cause these RNFL changes.
Some Criteria for Class Numbers to Be Non-One
Authors: Issa Ahmad , Sankari Hasan
Published: November 2020

Let

d

be a positive integer which is not a perfect square and

n

be any nonzero fixed integer. Then, the equation

x

2

−
d

y

2

=
n

is known as the general Pell equation. In this paper, we give some criteria for class numbers of certain real quadratic fields to be greater than one, depending on the solvability of the general Pell equation, ideals in quadratic orders, and the period length of the simple continued fraction expansions of

d

.
Inhibition of Wilms’ Tumor Proliferation and Invasion by Blocking TGF‐β Receptor I in the TGF‐β/Smad Signaling Pathway
Authors: Shi Qinlin , Wu Huan , Li Yonglin , Shen Lianju , Tian Xiaomao , Lin Tao , Wei Guanghui
Published: November 2020

Wilms’ tumor (WT) is a common embryonal tumor, and nephrogenic rests play a critical role in WT development. The transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) signaling pathway is fundamental to embryo development and cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, TGF‐β contributes to WT development, but the mechanisms of disease pathogenicity are unknown. This study investigated whether the TGF‐β signaling pathway was involved in WT and whether blocking TβRI receptor inhibited WT growth, proliferation, and invasion. A total of 60 WT patients with clinical data and surgical specimens were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of TGF‐β1 and P‐smad2/3. In vitro, the proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) protein expression were analyzed using the CCK8 assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and western blot, respectively. In vivo, tumor morphology, tumor size, toxicity, and EMT protein expression were analyzed in tumor‐bearing mice treated with a TβRI kinase inhibitor or PBS. High protein levels of TGF‐β1 and P‐samd2/3 were associated with clinical stage and metastasis or invasion. TβRI inhibition effectively suppressed WT proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis in the human WT cell line G401, consequently decreasing EMT protein expression. In addition, the TβRI kinase inhibitor significantly impaired the subcutaneous growth of WT. It is worth noting that treatment with the TβRI kinase inhibitor did not cause liver and kidney injury. Our results indicate that the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway plays a crucial role in WT progression. Blocking the TβRI receptor may be a novel strategy to treat and prevent WT.
The SIRT3 and SIRT6 Promote Prostate Cancer Progression by Inhibiting Necroptosis-Mediated Innate Immune Response
Authors: Fu Weiwei , Li Hong , Fu Haiyang , Zhao Shuchao , Shi Weiping , Sun Mengqi , Li Yujun
Published: November 2020

The sirtuins (SIRTs), including seven family members, belong to class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, which have been intensively investigated in cancers. Although the function of SIRTs in the cancer immunology is explored, SIRT-specific mechanisms regulating necroptosis-related innate immune response are not clear. In our present study, we found that both the mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT3 and SIRT6 are significantly increased in the PCa tissues (HR, CI

P
=
3.30
E
−
03

; HR, CI

P
=
2.35
E
−
08

; and HR, CI

P
=
9.20
E
−
08

) and were associated with patients’ Gleason score and nodal metastasis. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that the PCa patients with higher expression levels of SIRT3 and SIRT6 had shorter overall survival (OS). Mechanistically, we found that SIRT3 and SIRT6 promote prostate cancer progress by inhibiting RIPK3-mediated necroptosis and innate immune response. Knockdown of both SIRT3 and SIRT6 not only activates TNF-induced necroptosis but also refreshes the corresponding recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils. Overall, our study identified that SIRT3 and SIRT6 are key regulators of necroptosis during prostate cancer progression.
A Secure and Verifiable Outsourcing Scheme for Assisting Mobile Device Training Machine Learning Model
Authors: Li Cheng , Yang Li , Ma Jianfeng
Published: November 2020

In smart applications such as smart medical equipment, more data needs to be processed and trained locally and near the local end to prevent privacy leaks. However, the storage and computing capabilities of smart devices are limited, so some computing tasks need to be outsourced; concurrently, the prevention of malicious nodes from accessing user data during outsourcing computing is required. Therefore, this paper proposes EVPP (efficient, verifiable, and privacy-preserving), which is a computing outsourcing scheme used in the training process of machine learning models. The edge nodes outsource the complex computing process to the edge service node. First, we conducted a certain amount of testing to confirm the parts that need to be outsourced. In this solution, the computationally intensive part of the model training process is outsourced. Meanwhile, a random encryption perturbation is performed on the outsourced training matrix, and verification factors are introduced to ensure the verifiability of the results. In addition, the system can generate verifiable evidence that can be generated to build a trust mechanism when a malicious service node is found. At the same time, this paper also discusses the application of the scheme in other algorithms in order to be better applied. Through the analysis of theoretical and experimental data, it can be shown that the scheme proposed in this paper can effectively use the computing power of the equipment.
Unpacking the “Black Box”: Understanding the Effect of Social Network Characteristics on Safety Behaviors of Construction Workers
Authors: Li Shuquan , Yang Pei , Wu Xiuyu , Wang Ge , Fan Meng
Published: November 2020

How to improve the safety behaviors of construction workers has dogged the realm of construction project management. Previous studies mainly focused on the individual and/or organizational factors shaping safety behaviors, while there is a dearth of research focusing on the effect of individual-organizational nexus (i.e., the network embeddedness of individuals within the organization). Thus, this study employs social network analysis (SNA) and multivariable regression analyses to explore the relationship between the characteristics of social networks of construction workers (i.e., degree, closeness, and betweenness centralities) and their safety behaviors (i.e., safety participation and safety compliance), considering the mediating role of safety communication. The primary data were collected from ten Chinese construction projects. The results include the following three aspects. First, degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality all exert significant positive effects on safety participation. Closeness centrality yields a positive effect on safety compliance in formal networks. Degree centrality has a positive effect on both safety compliance and safety participation, whereas the other two centrality characteristics exhibit no significant effect in informal networks. Second, in formal networks, safety communication plays a partial mediation role between closeness centrality and safety compliance and a full mediation role between degree and closeness centralities and safety participation. Third, in informal networks, safety communication plays a full mediation role between degree centrality and safety compliance and a partial mediation role between degree centrality and safety participation. This study provides new insights for construction project management in achieving improved safety performance via shaping the social network characteristics.
Antibacterial Activities of Calpurnia aurea against Selected Animal Pathogenic Bacterial Strains
Authors: Mulatu Getachew
Published: November 2020

The study aimed to determine the phytochemicals and to assess the antibacterial activities of crude extracts of different parts of Calpurnia aurea against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157 H:7, Salmonella typhi, and Campylobacter jejuni. The fresh and healthy leaves, barks, stems, and roots of the plant parts were collected, herbarium, dried, and grounded, and bioactive compounds were extracted by ethanol (99%) and water. Mass of crude extracts was determined by using the Whatman No. 1 filter paper and rotary evaporator. Major secondary metabolites were also screened using phytochemical screening tests. Antibacterial activities (inhibition zones, mm) and minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) were evaluated using agar-well diffused methods and agar dilution methods, respectively. The antibiotics ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, penicillin, and tetracycline were used as positive controls at concentrations of 0.1 mg/ml and 0.2 mg/ml, while distilled water was used as the negative control. All the crude extracts were tested triplet (3x) for antibacterial activities against selected bacterial strains with two different concentrations 25 and 50 mg/ml and analyzed to compare the mean ± standard deviation between triplets. The results revealed that ethanol extracts showed high crude mass extracts, antibacterial activities, and major secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tennis, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and phlobatannins compared with aqueous extracts. Among antibiotics used, penicillin showed resistance to S. aureus and E. coli O157 H:7. C. jejuni was found to be the most susceptible bacterium to ethanol extracts’ leaves, barks, and stems with MIC 3.125 mg/ml, whereas S. aureus was the least susceptible to all crude extracts. The study provided the traditional and scientific basis of Calpurnia aurea used against some bacterial diseases.
Bayesian-Based Search Decision Framework and Search Strategy Analysis in Probabilistic Search
Authors: Yu Liang , Lin Da
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a sequence decision framework based on the Bayesian search is proposed to solve the problem of using an autonomous system to search for the missing target in an unknown environment. In the task, search cost and search efficiency are two competing requirements because they are closely related to the search task. Especially in the actual search task, the sensor assembled by the searcher is not perfect, so an effective search strategy is needed to guide the search agent to perform the task. Meanwhile, the decision-making method is crucial for the search agent. If the search agent fully trusts the feedback information of the sensor, the search task will end when the target is “detected” for the first time, which means it must take the risk of founding a wrong target. Conversely, if the search agent does not trust the feedback information of the sensor, it will most likely miss the real target, which will waste a lot of search resources and time. Based on the existing work, this paper proposes two search strategies and an improved algorithm. Compared with other search methods, the proposed strategies greatly improve the efficiency of unmanned search. Finally, the numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the search strategies.
Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Effect of Rutin Prenanoemulsion in Lung and Colon Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Hoai Tran Thanh , Yen Phan Thi , Dao Tran Thi Bich , Long Luu Hai , Anh Duong Xuan , Minh Luu Hai , Anh Bui Quoc , Thuong Nghiem Thi
Published: November 2020

In this work, prenanoemulsion of rutin was prepared using PEG and Tween as emulsifiers via homogenization and evaporation techniques. The particle size of rutin was investigated with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM); particle size distribution and its chemical structure were analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. It was found that rutin in the prenanoemulsion has excellent solubility in water with the size approximately 15 nm. The chemical structure of nanorutin in prenanoemulsion was identical to that of the pure rutin. It suggested that there is no chemical modification of rutin in the prenanoemulsion. From high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the amount of rutin in the prenanoemulsion was determined to be 9.27%. The cytotoxic effect of rutin in the preemulsion was investigated via in vitro tests to determine rutin’s efficacy in A549 lung cancer cell and colon cancer cell treatment. The results demonstrated that rutin in the prenanoemulsion could inhibit A549 lung cancer cells and colon cancer cells efficiently.
Attitude Active Disturbance Rejection Control of the Quadrotor and Its Parameter Tuning
Authors: Shen Suiyuan , Xu Jinfa
Published: November 2020

The internal uncertainty and external disturbance of the quadrotor will have a significant impact on flight control. Therefore, to improve the control system’s dynamic performance and robustness, the attitude active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) of the quadrotor is established. Simultaneously, an adaptive genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimization (AGA-PSO) is used to optimize the controller parameters to solve the problem that the controller parameters are difficult to tune. The performance of the proposed ADRC is compared with that of the sliding mode controller (SMC). The simulations revealed that the dynamic performance and robustness of the ADRC is better than that of the SMC.
Protect Mobile Travelers Information in Sensitive Region Based on Fuzzy Logic in IoT Technology
Authors: Memon Imran , Shaikh Riaz Ahmed , Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Hassan Rosilah , Haq Amin Ul , Zainol Khairul Akram
Published: November 2020

The Internet of Things (IoT) is susceptible to several identities, primarily based on attacks. However, these attacks are controlling for IoT due to extraordinary growth in consumers’ density and slight analysis with low power access nodes. In this work, we explore the possible flaws associated with security for IoT environment insensitively meant for transfer conditions. We proposed a novel design aimed at detecting a spoofing attack that inspects the probability distributions of received power founded for the regions designed for mobile (moving) users. Additionally, we examine the influence on the Confidentiality Scope of targeted consumers in the absence and presence of observer. Our approaches were done through simulation results used for three diverse regions. Grounded on outcomes, we suggest an algorithm called MTFLA, which will guarantee detection and protection techniques intended to protect vastly sensitive areas, i.e., wherever the chance of an attack is maximized. We provide a comparison among various security algorithms prepared for the energy consumption of different patterns. Simulation results revealed that the proposed algorithm for protection (MTFL) is verified to be energy-proficient (secure garnering). It decreases the energy prerequisite for encrypting the data. We evaluated our techniques over simulation results for sensitive region information built on fuzzy logic.
Identification of a Synthetic Lethal Relationship between Nucleotide Excision Repair Deficiency and Irofulven Sensitivity in Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Börcsök Judit , Sztupinszki Zsofia , Bekele Raie , Gao Sizhi P. , Diossy Miklos , Samant Amruta S. , Dillon Kasia M. , Tisza Viktoria , Spisák Sándor , Rusz Orsolya , Csabai Istvan , Pappot Helle , Frazier Zoë J. , Konieczkowski David J. , Liu David , Vasani Naresh , Rodrigues James A. , Solit David B. , Hoffman-Censits Jean H. , Plimack Elizabeth R. , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Lazaro Jean-Bernard , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Iyer Gopa , Brunak Søren , Lozsa Rita , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Szüts Dávid , Mouw Kent W. , Szallasi Zoltan
Published: November 2020

Purpose:

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a first-line treatment for muscle-invasive and metastatic urothelial cancer. Approximately 10% of bladder urothelial tumors have a somatic missense mutation in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) gene, ERCC2, which confers increased sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, a significant subset of patients is ineligible to receive cisplatin-based therapy due to medical contraindications, and no NER-targeted approaches are available for platinum-ineligible or platinum-refractory ERCC2-mutant cases.

Experimental Design:

We used a series of NER-proficient and NER-deficient preclinical tumor models to test sensitivity to irofulven, an abandoned anticancer agent. In addition, we used available clinical and sequencing data from multiple urothelial tumor cohorts to develop and validate a composite mutational signature of ERCC2 deficiency and cisplatin sensitivity.

Results:

We identified a novel synthetic lethal relationship between tumor NER deficiency and sensitivity to irofulven. Irofulven specifically targets cells with inactivation of the transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER) pathway and leads to robust responses in vitro and in vivo, including in models with acquired cisplatin resistance, while having minimal effect on cells with intact NER. We also found that a composite mutational signature of ERCC2 deficiency was strongly associated with cisplatin response in patients and was also associated with cisplatin and irofulven sensitivity in preclinical models.

Conclusions:

Tumor NER deficiency confers sensitivity to irofulven, a previously abandoned anticancer agent, with minimal activity in NER-proficient cells. A composite mutational signature of NER deficiency may be useful in identifying patients likely to respond to NER-targeting agents, including cisplatin and irofulven.

See related commentary by Jiang and Greenberg, p. 1833
O arquivamento e a disponibilização do documentário audiovisual universitário: formas de consumo e aprendizado
Authors: Cajazeira Paulo Eduardo Silva Lins
Published: November 2020

Busca-se compreender como os processos de aprendizado estão para além das etapas de produção e pós-produção documentária audiovisual universitária. Dessa forma, identifica-se como o arquivamento, disponibilização e consumo estão presentes nesse processo e diálogo com os ambientes digitais de informação. Uma vez que esses lugares funcionam enquanto ambientes memorialísticos para a salvaguarda e consumo audiovisual.
Mapeamentos iniciais do jornalismo digital independente em Mato Grosso: uma análise de autodescrições de sites
Authors: Coêlho Tamires Ferreira , Souza Vinícius Guedes Pereira de , Amorim Thays Luz , Pereira Letícia Fernanda Souza
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo iniciar a análise de 22 das mais de 50 iniciativas jornalísticas digitais mapeadas pelo projeto “Jornalismo Digital em Mato Grosso: Práticas e construção identitária em meios independentes”. Para compreender e analisar quais palavras e termos eram mais recorrentes na autodescrição das iniciativas, construímos nuvens de palavras, investigando como se constitui identitariamente o jornalismo produzido em Mato Grosso que se apresenta como independente. Além dos sites próprios, analisamos iniciativas que se preocupam em fazer uma autodescrição apenas nas redes sociais. Articulamos a discussão a perspectivas como as de Patrício e Silva (2018), Oliveira (2019) e Assis et al (2017). A ideia de jornalismo isento e imparcial pode ser reforçada ou questionada de forma a admitir que existem posições e opiniões na construção jornalística autodenominada independente.
Associação Latino-Americana de Comunicação e Educação Popular (ALER): fragmentos e contextos
Authors: Fernandes Vivian de Oliveira Neves
Published: November 2020

Este artigo busca descrever alguns dos principais fatos da história da Associação Latino-Americana de Comunicação e Educação Popular (ALER) ao longo de suas quase cinco décadas, que foram relacionados por meio de análise de documentos e pela entrevista com o coordenador-geral da rede, Hugo Ramírez. Reunindo rádios populares latino-americanas desde 1972, essa rede passou por cinco fases principais: da alfabetização por meio do rádio, do rádio popular na transformação da sociedade, de redes informativas e transformações tecnológicas, dos projetos políticos comunicativos e, a atual, na aposta pelo Buen Vivir.
Anotações acerca do legado do arquiteto italiano Vittorio Gregotti: história, contexto e projeto
Authors: Retto Júnior Adalberto da Silva
Published: November 2020

Na distância de quase 40 anos, o discurso do arquiteto italiano Vittorio Gregotti ainda parece muito atual. Seu texto “O Território da Arquitetura” (1966) é precursor de vários estudos e antecipou muitos temas que seguem em discussão, em especial a mudança da escala do objeto para a escala geográfica do território, o que representa uma evolução coerente em questões acerca de valores ambientais, além de uma série de projetos, que consubstanciaram uma alternativa possível em teoria e prática do utopismo megaestrutural e planejamento territorial. As reflexões adensaram-se em relação à complexidade ambiental, à escala de intervenção e sua relação com a paisagem, bem como a relação entre tipologia de edifícios e morfologia urbana. Gregotti, portanto, expandiu o campo de atuação da arquitetura, abordando o tema da relação desta com a paisagem, como geografia e história. Para ele, os pontos de interesse são o território e a cidade, sua morfologia e as razões de sua formação na história.
Human Security: Concept and Evolution in the United Nations
Authors: Wählisch Martin
Published: November 2020

In 1994, the Human Development Report of the un Development Programme (undp) drew for the first time global attention to the concept of ‘human security’, which has led to a series of debates in the United Nations.1 The report emphasized that without the promotion of ‘people-centered development’ none of the objectives of the global development agenda can be achieved, neither peace, human rights, environmental protection, reduced population growth, nor social integration. The idea of the human security concept is to approach security beyond a purely State-focused military angle, but also include humanitarian, political, economic and social perspectives. In 2001, un Secretary General Kofi Annan reemphasized in the Millennium Report that the ‘freedom from want’ and ‘freedom from fear’ embrace more than the absence of violent conflict, but encompasses human rights, good governance, access to education and health care and ensuring that each individual has opportunities and choices to fulfil his or her potential. In 2005, the World Summit Outcome Document called for defining the scope of human security in the General Assembly more precisely. In 2012, the un General Assembly finally adopted a common understanding of the human security notion.

This article gives an overview of the evolution of the human security concept in the United Nations. It looks at its historical development, codification attempts and the recent debate in the General Assembly. The article highlights arguments of critics and advocates of the human security approach, who have been trying to identify linkages between security, development and the respect for human rights. The article describes the status of international practice, indicating the trend of gradual implementation of human security aspects in national, regional and international policy frameworks. The term ‘human security’ has eventually entered the active vocabulary of governmental officials, diplomats, military decision-makers, humanitarian and other non-governmental organizations, serving increasingly as a reference point for more comprehensive policy planning with regard to security and development challenges.
Land Grabbing as a Threat to the Right to Self-Determination: How Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources Limits States’ Involvement in Large-Scale Transfers of Land
Authors: Freiburg Elisa
Published: November 2020

This article examines the legal connections between the modern phenomenon of ‘land grabbing’ – large-scale acquisitions of land rights by foreign investors – and the human right to self-determination. It is argued that the right to self-determination and in particular the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources cannot only be invoked by one State against another, but also by the people against its own government, thus legally binding all States involved in the process. The basic premise shall not be that land grabbing is per se illegal; it depends on how it is performed. The right to self-determination and the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources bring along important restrictions that States have to honour. Governments should develop their foreign investment relations in a way that ensures the human rights of their populations, especially given the fact that in this respect business corporations are not bound by any hard international law. The regulation of the investment is an important factor: transparency and involvement of local authorities at the planning stage, as well as the participation in the investment’s benefits help to ensure that a people is not deprived of its own means of subsistence.
Recovering a Lost History: Colonel (Retired) Thomas R. Stone and the Unwritten Biography of General William H. Simpson
Authors: Calhoun Mark T.
Published: November 2020

General William H. Simpson served as commander of Ninth US Army during the Second World War but remains one of the only American field army commanders from that war without a published biography. Colonel (Retired) Thomas R. Stone, PhD, intended to write a biography of General Simpson after completion of his master’s and doctoral degrees at Rice University, but never completed it, leaving one to wonder why. The author’s search for an answer to this question has yielded a trove of previously lost archival data, a fruitful collaboration, and several insights about the unique nature of the path to historian and practice of history for the current or former US Army officer.
Two new species of Clinanthus (Asparagales: Amaryllidaceae: Clinantheae) from northern Peru

Authors: GONZÁLES PAÚL , MEEROW ALAN W.
Published: November 2020

Clinanthus fabianae and C. thiagoi are described from Ancash and La Libertad departments of Peru. Both species have similar perigone coloration, broadly lobed staminal coronas, and incurved free filaments. They may represent a distinct species group, along with the previously described C. inflatus. The species can be separated by number of flowers, pedicel length, flower habit, tube length, morphology and pattern of dilation, and color of the tepal apiculum.
A new Indian species of Rhinophis Hemprich, 1820 closely related to R. sanguineus Beddome, 1863 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)
Authors: SAMPAIO FILIPA L. , NARAYANAN SURYA , CYRIAC VIVEK PHILIP , VENU GOVINDAPPA , GOWER DAVID J.
Published: November 2020

A new species of the uropeltid (shieldtail snake) genus Rhinophis is described based on a type series of seven specimens from the Wayanad region of the Western Ghats of peninsular India. The holotype was collected before 1880 but had been misidentified as the phenotypically similar and parapatric (possibly partly sympatric) R. sanguineus. Rhinophis karinthandani sp. nov. is diagnosed by a combination of 15 dorsal scale rows at midbody, 4–8 pairs of subcaudal scales, colour pattern (uniformly dark above, whitish below with extensive dark mottling), and by its distinct mitochondrial DNA sequences (e.g. >7.6% uncorrected p-distance for nd4). Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data indicates that the new species is most closely related to R. sanguineus among currently recognised species, with this pair most closely related to the partly sympatric R. melanoleucus. The new species description brings the number of currently recognised species in the genus to 24, six of which are endemic to India and 18 endemic to Sri Lanka. A new key to the identification of Indian species of Rhinophis is provided.
Additional six new species of Neotrichia Morton 1905 (Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Roraima state, Brazil
Authors: NETO JAIME DE LIEGE GAMA , PASSOS MAHEDY ARAUJO BASTOS
Published: November 2020

Six new species of Neotrichia Morton 1905 from Brazil are described: Neotrichia anaua sp. nov., Neotrichia catrimani sp. nov., Neotrichia cauame sp nov., Neotrichia mucajai sp nov., Neotrichia quitauau sp nov., and Neotrichia xereuini sp nov. Illustrations of male genitalia are provided with each description.
Taxonomic study of the family Mugilidae from Pakistan coast (northern Arabian Sea)
Authors: HASAN ARIBA , SIDDIQUI PIRZADA JAMAL AHMED
Published: November 2020

This is the first thorough taxonomic study on the identification and description of mullets based on their morphometric and meristic characters distributed in the coastal waters of Pakistan. The samples were collected monthly for two years from different localities of Pakistan. Forty eight parameters including thirty nine morphometric and nine meristic characters were determined. In this study 13 species belongs to seven genera are briefly described including one new record and taxonomic key for these species is developed.
New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles—18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)
Authors: MORAVEC JIŘÍ , VYBÍRAL JAN
Published: November 2020

Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov. from southwestern Madagascar is described as new to science. The new species is placed to a large P. (Pogonostoma) elegans species-group (sensu Moravec 2007) along with seven other mutually similar species which are recognized within this species-group as a species-complex of P. (P.) alluaudi W. Horn, 1898. An elaborated redescription of the most similar P. (P.) atrorotundatum W. Horn, 1934 is given. A revised key to the P. (P.) elegans species-group is presented in order to supplement the key in the monograph of the genus Pogonostoma Klug, 1835 by Moravec (2007). First description of male characters of P. (Pogonostoma) densisculptum Moravec, 2003 (belonging to P. (P.) gibbosum species-group sensu Moravec 2007) and first description of female characters of P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai Moravec, 2003 (of the P. (M.) minimum species-group sensu Moravec 2007) are introduced. Type and other specimens of the presented species are illustrated in colour photographs of their habitus, diagnostic characters and variability (including two diagnostic characters of P. (P.) gibbosum Rivalier, 1970). Essential maps of the distribution of the treated species in Madagascar are given.