bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum Molecular Resonance–Assisted Phonomicrosurgery: Preliminary Experience
Authors: Demirhan Erhan , Çukurova İbrahim , Arslan İlker Burak , Ozkan Elcin Tadihan , Mengi Erdem , Yigitbasi Orhan Gazi
Published: September 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of quantum molecular resonance (QMR) energy in phonomicrosurgery. Quantum molecular resonance energy (QMRE) is an innovative technology that provides low temperature cutting and coagulation of tissues and causes minimal tissue damage during the procedure. Because of these features, this technology may offer new possibilities in phonomicrosurgery. Twelve patients with vocal fold polyps underwent QMR‐assisted phonomicrosurgery. The patients were evaluated before and after surgery at 1 and 3 months postoperatively by using the voice handicap index, laryngeal stroboscopy rating, acoustic voice analysis, and perceptual voice evaluation. The subjects were also evaluated by a patient self‐assessment questionnaire at 3 months postoperatively. All parameters significantly improved after QMR‐assisted phonomicrosurgery (P <. 05). All of the patients also subjectively improved by self‐rating. These results suggest that QMRE is a safe and potentially promising treatment in phonomicrosurgery. Yet, further studies should be conducted to confirm these results.
Saying Goodbye to Men: Southern Feminists Publishing News While Challenging Patriarchy
Authors: Araiza José Andrés
Published: September 2014

In 1975, a group of lesbian feminist separatists in Austin, Texas, made history by publishing a small newsletter named Goodbye to All That. The collective of women assembled one of the earliest known lesbian feminist publications in Texas to challenge patriarchy in the left and gay rights movements. This textual analysis guided by standpoint feminist theory provides a historical understanding of how a segment of second-wave lesbian feminists—physically removed from gay- and lesbian-friendly urban centers—utilized a newsletter to communicate with each other, at a time when mainstream media ignored their unique issues. When compared with feminist publications outside of the South, Goodbye to All That adopted a unique tone that could be partially influenced by its cultural heritage.
Variability of Acetabular Coverage Between Supine and Weightbearing Pelvic Radiographs
Authors: Pullen W. Michael , Henebry Andrew , Gaskill Trevor
Published: September 2014

Background:

Radiographic measures of acetabular coverage are essential screening tools used to characterize bony structure contributing to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Small changes in pelvic tilt result in altered radiographic measures of acetabular coverage. Positional changes in pelvic tilt are known to occur between the supine and weightbearing positions. It is unclear whether alteration of pelvic tilt between these positions is clinically sufficient to influence measures of acetabular coverage.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To determine whether, and to what degree, imaging position (supine vs weightbearing) is capable of altering several measures of acetabular orientation: pubic symphysis to sacrococcygeal distance (PSSC), angle of Sharp (SA), Tönnis angle (TA), percentage of acetabular crossover (CO), and lateral center-edge angle of Wiberg (LCEA). The hypothesis was that imaging position would significantly alter all measures of acetabular orientation.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 50 consecutive symptomatic hips referred to a single provider for FAI were evaluated with standardized supine and weightbearing anteroposterior pelvic radiographs. Two independent reviewers blinded to patient positioning reviewed each radiograph at 2 separate time points. Mean measurements in each position were compared by use of paired Student t tests, and a Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of P = .01 was used to represent significance.

Results:

Statistically significant differences between the supine and weightbearing radiographs were identified for PSSC and all measures of acetabular coverage ( P < .003). The mean PSSC decreased between the supine and weightbearing positions by an average of 13.4 mm ( P < .001), thereby resulting in decreased mean LCEA, TA, SA, and CO of 1.2°, 1.3°, 0.8°, and 6.3%, respectively ( P < .002). The change in positional pelvic tilt was not uniformly predictable and accounted for large measurement changes in some individuals. PSSC also demonstrated considerable inter- and intrasubject variability but averaged 55.8 mm supine and 44.9 mm weightbearing for females and 37.0 mm supine and 20.6 mm weightbearing for males.

Conclusion:

In this study of nonarthritic adult patients with hip pain, the data indicate that positional changes are capable of significantly altering pelvic tilt and radiographic measures of acetabular coverage. It appears that the weightbearing position typically, but not universally, correlates with additional posterior pelvic tilt and decreased measures of acetabular coverage. Individual positional variability can contribute to large-magnitude changes in radiographic acetabular measures.
Implications of Changes in Households and Living Arrangements for Future Home-Based Care Needs and Costs for Disabled Elders in China
Authors: Zeng Yi , Chen Huashuai , Wang Zhenglian , Land Kenneth C.
Published: September 2014

Objectives: To better understand future home-based care needs and costs for disabled elders in China. Method: To further develop and apply the ProFamy extended cohort-component method and the most recent census and survey data. Results: (a) Chinese disabled elders and the annual growth rate of the percentage of national gross domestic product (GDP) devoted to home-based care costs for disabled elders will increase much more rapidly than the growth of total elderly population; (b) home-based care needs and costs for disabled oldest-old aged 80+ will increase much faster than that for disabled young-old aged 65-79 after 2030; (c) disabled unmarried elders living alone and their home-based care costs increase substantially faster than those disabled unmarried elders living with children; (d) percent of rural disabled oldest-old will be substantially higher than that of rural population after 2030; (e) sensitivity analyses show that possible changes in mortality and elderly disability status are the major direct factors affecting home-based care needs and costs; (f) caregivers resources under the universal two-child policy will be substantially better than that under the rigorous fertility policy unchanged. Discussion: We discuss policy recommendations concerning pathways to healthy aging with relatively reduced care costs, including reductions of the prevalence of disability, gender equality, the universal two-child policy and resources of caregivers, encouragements of rural-to-urban family migration and elder’s residential proximity to their adult children, and remarriages of not-married elders.
“Because nobody likes Chinese girls”: Intersecting identities and emotional experiences of subordination and resistance in school life
Authors: Haavind Hanne , Thorne Barrie , Hollway Wendy , Magnusson Eva
Published: September 2014

How do emotions enter into children’s negotiated understandings and situated uses of categories of identity? This question guided a revisit to an ethnographic study of a multi-cultural context in Oakland, California. A focus group discussion among four Chinese American girls just graduating from elementary school and an interviewer, also Chinese American, was chosen for closer study. This secondary analysis focuses on how the girls engaged in school events and how in the interview they shared experiences of being excluded and rejected by peers. Thus, both reports about life in school and lived life in the group discussion were analyzed in ways that followed the girls’ individual and collective emotional dynamics. Emotional tension between using and being used by categories drove their stories about belonging, exclusion and subordination, and resistance. The girls’ handling of social identities in relation to language use, required activities, and girly appearance in school demonstrated how they were able to draw on an eclectic and intersecting mix of categories. In the containing setting of the focus group, the girls processed their raw emotional experience of being taunted and humiliated. In the process they could challenge and destabilize the meanings attached to the categories of identity used against them. Therefore, intersectional analyses cannot take any specific meanings of social categories such as gender, ethnicity/race, and age, as the starting points. Rather, in each specific instance, the meanings of social categories will emerge as the results of the analysis.
A Good Time
Authors: Zabel Robert , Kaff Marilyn , Teagarden Jim
Published: September 2014

C. Michael Nelson began his special education career as a teacher of adolescents with learning and behavior disorders. He has worked as a child psychologist and as a professor with the Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling at the University of Kentucky. He coordinated the graduate Personnel Preparation Program for Teachers of Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities. Dr. Nelson has authored or edited over 100 professional publications. He has prepared teachers of children and youth with behavior disorders at the pre- and in-service levels and has served as principal investigator on a number of research and personnel preparation grants. He has served as president of the Council for Children with Behavioral Disorders. Dr. Nelson shared with reflections and thoughts with members of the Janus Project on what he describes as a career that came at a good time.
Circadian rhythms affect the electroretinogram, compound eye color, striking behavior, and locomotion of the praying mantis,Hierodula patellifera(Serville)
Authors: Schirmer Aaron E. , Prete Frederick R. , Mantes Edgar S. , Urdiales Andrew F. , Bogue Wil
Published: September 2014

Many behaviors and physiological processes oscillate with daily, or circadian rhythms that are synchronized to environmental cues (e.g., light onset), but persist with periods of approximately 24 hours in the absence of such cues. We used a multilevel experimental approach to assess whether circadian rhythms modulate several aspects of the visual physiology and behavior of the praying mantis, Hierodula patellifera. The approach included electroretinograms (ERG) to assess compound eye sensitivity, colorimetric photographic analyses to assess compound eye color changes (i.e., screening pigment migration), behavioral assays of responsiveness to computer generated, prey-like visual stimuli, and analyses of locomotor activity patterns on a modified treadmill apparatus. Our results indicate that circadian clocks control and/or modulate each of the target behaviors. Strong rhythms, persisting under constant conditions, with periods of approximately 24 hours were evident in photoreceptor sensitivity to light, appetitive responsiveness to prey-like stimuli, and gross locomotor activity. In the former two cases, responsiveness was highest during the subjective night and lowest during the subjective day. Locomotor activity was strongly clustered around the transition time from day to night. In addition, pigment migration and locomotor behavior responded strongly to light/dark cycles and anticipated the light/dark transition suggesting that the circadian clocks modulating both were entrained to environmental light cues. Together, these data indicate that circadian rhythms operate at the cellular, cellular systems, and organismal level in the mantis H. patellifera. Our results represent an intriguing first step in uncovering the complexities of circadian rhythms in the Mantodea.
The intensity threshold of colour vision in a passerine bird, the blue tit
Authors: Gomez Doris , Grégoire Arnaud , Del Rey Granado Maria , Bassoul Marine , Degueldre David , Perret Philippe , Doutrelant Claire
Published: September 2014

Many vertebrates use colour vision for vital behaviours. Yet, their visual performance in dim light is largely unknown. The light intensity threshold of colour vision is only known in humans, horses and two parrot species. Here, we first explore this threshold in a passerine bird, the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). Using a classic conditioning of colour cues to food rewards in three individuals, we find a threshold ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 cd.m-2. Results are comparable to the two previously tested bird species. For tits, nest light conditions likely exceed that threshold, at least after sunrise. These first results shed new light on the lively debate questioning cavity-nesters visual performance, and the evolutionary significance of egg and chick coloration. Although this needs proper testing, it is possible that blue tits exploit both colour and brightness cues when viewing their eggs, chicks or conspecifics in their nests.
Finite-state discrete-time Markov chain models of gene regulatory networks
Authors: Skornyakov Vladimir , Skornyakova Maria , Shurygina Antonina , Skornyakov Pavel
Published: September 2014

In this study, Markov chain models of gene regulatory networks (GRN) are developed. These models make it possible to apply the well-known theory and tools of Markov chains to GRN analysis. A new kind of finite interaction graph called a combinatorial net is introduced to represent formally a GRN and its transition graphs constructed from interaction graphs. The system dynamics are defined as a random walk on the transition graph, which is a Markov chain. A novel concurrent updating scheme (evolution rule) is developed to determine transitions in a transition graph. The proposed scheme is based on the firing of a random set of non-steady-state vertices in a combinatorial net. It is demonstrated that this novel scheme represents an advance in asynchronicity modeling. The theorem that combinatorial nets with this updating scheme can asynchronously compute a maximal independent set of graphs is also proved. As proof of concept, a number of simple combinatorial models are presented here: a discrete auto-regression model, a bistable

switch, an Elowitz repressilator, and a self-activation model, and it is shown that these models exhibit well-known properties.
IMPLEMENTATION OF FUZZY SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT IN INFORMATION NETWORK DESIGN SYSTEM
Authors: Chuykova Elena Nikolayevna
Published: September 2014

The implementation of the equipment selection process in the information network design system on the basis of fuzzy criteria is considered. The selection is made in the relational database by fuzzy SQL-queries generated in the design system program shell. The algorithm of the fuzzy SQL-queries assignment is proposed. An example of constructing a fuzzy query to select the best equipment in terms of price and quality is given. A fragment of the graphic system interface which contains an equipment selection window is presented. The described method of performing fuzzy queries is applicable to the implementation of a fuzzy search in various subject areas, it does not require any additional knowledge in fuzzy logic, and it automates the membership function formation process of the linguistic variable terms. The future activities will be linked to the expansion of the system interface capabilities on the direct designing of the fuzzy queries by a user.
MECHANISM OF WATER ADVANCING IN PLANT XYLEM CAPILLARIES
Authors: Kipnis Iosif Anshelevich , Vernigorov Yury Mikhailovich
Published: September 2014

The mechanism of water rise in the xylem which allows the description of the water distribution in plants taking into account their anatomy, architectural form, and the influencing external factors is considered. The assumption is made that the primary mechanism for the water promotion in plants is a capillary rise. The major driving force to lift water to the top of the plant is the superficial tension in the capillary menisci. It has been established that the condition for lifting water in plants is, firstly, the presence of the water horizontal movement. Secondly, the total cross-section area of capillaries should increase from the butt-end to the top. It is shown that the plant height is determined by the number of its lateral branches, as well as the presence of cross perforated plates in the xylem vessels. The mechanism of the self-oscillating mode of the plant transpiration at small time intervals is explained.
STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COATING APPLIED BY ELECTROSPARK ALLOYING
Authors: Blazheyev Victor Vasilyevich , Ivanochkin Pavel Grigoryevich , Lichkovakha Andrey Sergeyevich
Published: September 2014

A technique for selecting an electrode material used when applying the electrospark method onto a metal surface layer is described. The technique is based on the study of the mechanical properties of the coating by nanoindentation. The coverage microhardness distribution in depth for a number of the investigated materials is developed. As a second characteristic of the material, the plasticity index reflecting the structural state of the material is used during the indentation. Value H/E is also used to describe the capability of materials to frictional wear. A qualitative comparative characteristic — ratio H3/E2 was used to assess the resistance of materials to plastic deformation. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, a reasonable choice of the electrode material which creates coatings with sufficiently high mechanical properties is made. The relevance of the study is proved by the advantages of the electrospark alloying (ESA) which is an effective method of impact on the surface layers of the various parts.
TEMPERATURE EVALUATION UNDER CURVED-EDGE TOOL CUTTING
Authors: Ryzhkin Anatoly Andreyevich , Moiseyev Denis Vitalyevich
Published: September 2014

A theoretical model for determining temperature on the working surfaces of the tool with the blade shaped profile is considered. Analytical dependences for estimating the thermal state of the blade front face (tooth cutter) with an elliptical profile in normal sections are obtained. The resulting equations include the effect of thermophysical constants of the tool material and workpiece, heat transfer conditions, deformation characteristics of the cut layer, cutting modes, and tool geometry (under turning and milling)on temperature. The obtained numerical results for the temperature of the HM tool (T15K6) and HSS tool (R6M5) match the test data; they can be applied to predict the wear rate and service durability of shaped tools including blades, side and hob cutters.
SPEEDING ALGORITHM FOR MINIMAX OPTIMIZATION OF ALLOCATION PROBLEM SOLUTIONS IN HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS
Authors: Neydorf Rudolf Anatolyevich , Zhikulin Artem Alexandrovich
Published: September 2014

The optimization algorithm for solving homogeneous allocation problems of the scheduling theory is described and proved. It is a modification of Romanovsky’s algorithm known in this problem domain. Romanovsky’s algorithm is a classical version of the branch-and-bound method with one-way traversing a decision tree. A systematic study of this algorithm that allows revealing reasons for its operate time increment when traversing some decision tree branches is carried out. It allows proposing modification free of the revealed shortcoming. It is called a combinatorial-modified Romanovsky's algorithm. The essence of this modification is as follows. In the process of solving the allocation problem, those rules, stages, and steps that lead to the sorting on executors the sets of tasks deliberately duplicating the previous effects are selectively skipped. The essence of the new algorithm is illustrated by an example. The statistically presented studies are resulted. They demonstrate the algorithm capabilities on the high dimensional allocation problems. (Such problems cannot be solved by the classical algorithm due to the limited timing budgets.) The results of processing these solutions have shown that the new modification does not solve the problem of NP-complete allocation tasks, but it provides a resource-time gain associated with the significant reduction in the exponential model index of the average solution time.
ON ESTIMATED ACCURACY OF PART CUTTING UNDER MACHINE INTELLIGENT CONTROL
Authors: Lysenko Alexey Fedorovich , Izyumov Andrey Igorevich , Goncharov Oleg Valentinovich
Published: September 2014

The effect of different methods of accounting error components of the engineering system on the treatment process to achieve the desired product quality is considered. The feasibility of the inherited and operational characteristic control based on the intelligent control systems is described. The technique of the part squareness estimate is offered. The novelty of the approach is in analyzing the effect of the combined characteristics that is more informative versus the effect estimate of each of them. An algorithm for the function calculation program of distributing the cutterpath coordinates used to evaluate entering the acceptable range is presented. An example of the probable error calculation procedure application including the effect of deviation of the tool actual trajectory from the CNC programmed one under part cutting on the multi-operation machine is provided.
Значение технологии сварки и соединения в современной промышленной структуре. Несколько комментариев о тенденциях в сварке и соединении
Authors: Detlef Von Hofe , Middeldorf Klaus
Published: September 2014

Статья посвящена анализу современного состояния и перспективам развития технологий соединения материалов, таких как сварка, пайка, склеивание в европейских странах и в промышленно развитых странах мира. Показано, что темпы роста сварочного производства в различных отраслях достигают 8 % в год. По объёмам выпуска сварочного оборудования, роботизированных комплексов и сварочных материалов в лидеры выходит Китай. Значительный прирост объёмов сварочного производства наблюдается в развивающихся странах Азии, Африки и др. Большое внимание в статье уделено тенденциям развития стандартизации и сертификации в сварочном производстве, проблемам квалификации персонала.
Herakles, Jezus Chrystus i Lord Vader na rozstajnych drogach. O etycznym przesłaniu metody LEGO-LOGOS
Authors: Spychała Jarosław Marek
Published: September 2014

The article is devoted to the myth of ‘Hercules at the crossroads’ and its ethical aspects. The myth was created in circles of Pythagoreans, and was kind of incentives to the right – according to the Pythagoreans – way of life. The echoes of the myth we can find in Plato’s philosophy, the life of Christ, as well as in popular movies such as Star Wars or The Matrix. The author of article adapts the myth of Hercules in their philosophical workshops ΛΕΓΩ-ΛΟΓΟΣ (LEGO–LOGOS). During the workshops ΛΕΓΩ-ΛΟΓΟΣ, participants read the texts of various philosophers: Plato’s, Aristotle’s, Cicero’s, Marcus Aurelius’, and later thinkers’: Leonardo Da Vinci’s, Descartes’ and others’. All texts are selected by a philosophical key, with a strong ethical message in the background built on the canvas of the myth of Hercules at the crossroads. This idea is presented by the author in order to illustrate its meaning with the help of classical philosophy and modern, philosophically saturated movies.
Profesora Marka Jana Siemka imperium filozofii prawa
Authors: Nowak Ewa
Published: September 2014

In his philosophical opus Marek J. Siemek not only revisited Hegelian two-stage developmental model of the law. He also created his own legal philosophy which is rooted in the tragic conflict of Greek Sittlichkeit. Siemek, however, clearly demonstrates how can an abstract legal system achieve its ethical (sittliche) qualities at modern times, as being mediated by the structures of reciprocal recognition. Siemek’s unique proposal belongs to the neo-positivist and, at the same time, to the post-positivist approaches of the law. The author focuses on the intellectual potential of Siemek’s legal and social thinking as well as on his concept of philosophizing in the era of permanent crisis we experience again today.
Filozofia wychowania jako filozofia
Authors: Walczak Paweł
Published: September 2014

In the article the Author analyzes different ways of understanding and practicing the philosophy of education. This analysis leads to the conclusion that methodological status of philosophy of education is indefinite, and this is an important issue that should be considered. The Author proposes to distinguish the pedagogical philosophy of education from the philosophy of education as a philosophy in the strict sense. The purpose of pedagogical reflection is to improve the process of education. The goal of philosophy is to understand the nature and essence of education, therefore it is a purely theoretical purpose. The Author refers to the classical approach of philosophy being love of wisdom, according to which the philosophy is a disinterested contemplation of truth.
Qualitätssteuerung von Informationssystemen: Theoretisch-methodologische Grundlagen
Authors: Isaew Georgiy , Roganow Andrej
Published: September 2014

Es werden Forschungsergebnisse und Arbeiten zur Schaffung von theoretisch-methodologischen Grundlagen der Qualitätssteuerung von Informationssystemen im Informationsbereich unterbreitet. Im Rahmen der theoretisch-methodologischen Grundlagen ist ein Komplex von deskriptiven, mathematischen und Computermodellen er­arbeitet worden. Die Überprüfung der Eignung und Leistungsfähigkeit der ausgearbeiteten Modelle, Methoden und Mittel erfolgte anhand von Computerexperimenten. Die ausgeführten theoretischen und experimentellen ­Arbeiten ergaben ein Komplexes System der Qualitätssteuerung von Informationssystemen. Die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Arbeiten sind in die Praxis überführt worden.
An insight into advances in the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Wu Yan , Peng Ying , Wang Yidong
Published: September 2014

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common type of spinocerebellar ataxia, which are inherited neurodegenerative diseases. CAG repeat expansions that translate into an abnormal length of glutamine residues are considered to be the disease-causing mutation. The pathological mechanisms of SCA3 are not fully elucidated but may include aggregate or inclusion formation, imbalance of cellular protein homeostasis, axonal transportation dysfunction, translation dysregulation, mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, abnormal neural signaling pathways, etc. Currently, symptom relief is the only available therapeutic route; however, promising therapeutic targets have been discovered, such as decreasing the mutant protein through RNA interference (RNAi) and antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) and replacement therapy using stem cell transplantation. Other potential targets can inhibit the previously mentioned pathological mechanisms. However, additional efforts are necessary before these strategies can be used clinically.
Buckling and vibration analyses of composite laminates with weak interfaces by a coupled meshfree and finite element method
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Hai , Wang Jie
Published: September 2014

Buckling and free vibration analyses for composite laminates with weak interfaces were performed based on a three-dimensional hybrid semianalytical model. The model was established by coupling the radial point interpolation method and finite element method (FEM) in a Hamilton system. A direct coupling approach was developed based on the FEM background cell algorithm, and a modified Hamiltonian function for buckling analysis of rectangular laminated plates was given. The governing equations were deduced with the transfer matrix technique and a general linear spring layer model based on the modified Hellinger-Reissner variational principle. Several numerical examples are also presented to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the present method.
The creation of modulated monoclinic aperiodic composites in n-alkane/urea compounds
Authors: Mariette Céline , Guérin Laurent , Rabiller Philippe , Chen Yu-Sheng , Bosak Alexei , Popov Alexander , Hollingsworth Mark D. , Toudic Bertrand
Published: September 2014

n-Dodecane/urea is a member of the prototype series of n-alkane/urea inclusion compounds. At room temperature, it presents a quasi-one dimensional liquid-like state for the confined guest molecules within the rigid, hexagonal framework of the urea host. At lower temperatures, we report the existence of two other phases. Below Tc=248 K there appears a phase with rank four superspace group P61 22(00γ), the one typically observed at room temperature in n-alkane/urea compounds with longer guest molecules. A misfit parameter, defined by the ratio γ=
c
h/c
g (c
host/c
guest), is found to be 0.632±0.005. Below Tc1=123 K, a monoclinic modulated phase is created with a constant shift along
c
of the guest molecules in adjacent channels. The maximal monoclinic space group for this structure is P121 1(α0γ). Analogies and differences with n-heptane/urea, which also presents a monoclinic, modulated low-temperature phase, are discussed.
Genetic Analysis of the Ribosome Biogenesis Factor Ltv1 ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Merwin Jason R , Bogar Lucien B , Poggi Sarah B , Fitch Rebecca M , Johnson Arlen W , Lycan Deborah E
Published: September 2014

Ribosome biogenesis has been studied extensively in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast Ltv1 is a conserved 40S-associated biogenesis factor that has been proposed to function in small subunit nuclear export. Here we show that Ltv1 has a canonical leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) at its extreme C terminus that is both necessary for Crm1 interaction and Ltv1 export. The C terminus of Ltv1 can substitute for the NES in the 60S-export adapter Nmd3, demonstrating that it is a functional NES. Overexpression of an Ltv1 lacking its NES (Ltv1∆C13) was strongly dominant negative and resulted in the nuclear accumulation of RpS3-GFP; however, export of the pre-40S was not affected. In addition, expression of endogenous levels of Ltv1∆C protein complemented both the slow-growth phenotype and the 40S biogenesis defect of an ltv1 deletion mutant. Thus, if Ltv1 is a nuclear export adapter for the pre-40S subunit, its function must be fully redundant with additional export factors. The dominant negative phenotype of Ltv1∆NES overexpression was suppressed by co-overexpressing RpS3 and its chaperone, Yar1, or by deletion of the RpS3-binding site in Ltv1∆NES, suggesting that titration of RpS3 by Ltv1∆NES is deleterious in yeast. The dominant-negative phenotype did not correlate with a decrease in 40S levels but rather with a reduction in the polysome-to-monosome ratio, indicating reduced rates of translation. We suggest that titration of RpS3 by excess nuclear Ltv1 interferes with 40S function or with a nonribosomal function of RpS3.
Genome Resilience and Prevalence of Segmental Duplications Following Fast Neutron Irradiation of Soybean
Authors: Bolon Yung-Tsi , Stec Adrian O , Michno Jean-Michel , Roessler Jeffrey , Bhaskar Pudota B , Ries Landon , Dobbels Austin A , Campbell Benjamin W , Young Nathan P , Anderson Justin E , Grant David M , Orf James H , Naeve Seth L , Muehlbauer Gary J , Vance Carroll P , Stupar Robert M
Published: September 2014

Fast neutron radiation has been used as a mutagen to develop extensive mutant collections. However, the genome-wide structural consequences of fast neutron radiation are not well understood. Here, we examine the genome-wide structural variants observed among 264 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] plants sampled from a large fast neutron-mutagenized population. While deletion rates were similar to previous reports, surprisingly high rates of segmental duplication were also found throughout the genome. Duplication coverage extended across entire chromosomes and often prevailed at chromosome ends. High-throughput resequencing analysis of selected mutants resolved specific chromosomal events, including the rearrangement junctions for a large deletion, a tandem duplication, and a translocation. Genetic mapping associated a large deletion on chromosome 10 with a quantitative change in seed composition for one mutant. A tandem duplication event, located on chromosome 17 in a second mutant, was found to cosegregate with a short petiole mutant phenotype, and thus may serve as an example of a morphological change attributable to a DNA copy number gain. Overall, this study provides insight into the resilience of the soybean genome, the patterns of structural variation resulting from fast neutron mutagenesis, and the utility of fast neutron-irradiated mutants as a source of novel genetic losses and gains.
Meeting water demand in growing cities: a PPP project in Sudan
Authors: Save Radio , Ryan-Collins Lily
Published: September 2014

Significant increases in investment and improvements in management capacity are required to meet the demand for infrastructure services in the rapidly growing cities of low- and middle-income countries. Closing the infrastructure financing gap requires both public and private finance. Sudan has long experienced under-investment in potable water infrastructure, and access to clean drinking water in fast-growing Khartoum is inadequate. The Al Manara water treatment project is a success story, with capacity to deliver international standard water at scale, despite Sudan's ongoing economic difficulties. A public–private partnership structure allows timely completion of works and ensures sound management while transferring technical skills to the local utility and its Sudanese staff. The paper concludes by considering the extent to which this approach may be replicable in other cities of politically fragile countries.
Briefing: Municipal engineering in Brazil
Authors: Lima Fernando Rodrigues
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a briefing on the development and the evolution of cities in Brazil, commenting on historical context, engineering teaching and practice, and infrastructure highlights. Infrastructure emphasises the challenges of energy generation and distribution, urban mobility and housing policies. The briefing also discusses the new legal base for innovative intervention processes, as master plans, participative planning and public-private partnerships that, in the next few years, will impact on city planning and managing.
The Dislocating Hip Replacement – Revision with a Dual Mobility Cup in 56 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Jakobsen Thomas , Kappel Andreas , Hansen Flemming , Krarup Niels
Published: September 2014

Introduction:

Recurrent dislocations of hip replacements are a difficult challenge. One treatment option for recurrent dislocations is the use of a dual mobility cup. The aim of this study was to retrospective investigate the effect of dual mobility cups as a treatment for recurrent dislocations in a consecutive series.
Materials and

Methods:

56 consecutive patients were revised in the period November 2000 to December 2010. The mean age at revision was 72 years (SD 11, range 37-92)) and median number of dislocations before revision surgery were 4 (IQR, 2-11). In all cases, revision was made with a Saturne dual mobility cup (Amplitude, Neyron, France). The mean follow-up period was 44 months (SD 30, range 0.1-119).

Results:

One patient (1.8%) experienced a re-dislocation. Three patients (5.3%) had to be revised. One due to disintegration between the femoral head and inner shell, one due to loosening of the acetabular component, and one due to infection. Harris Hip Score improved from a mean of 76 before index surgery to 87 within one year after index surgery.

Conclusion:

This study advocates the use of a dual mobility cup for treatment of recurrent dislocations of THR. However, studies with a longer follow up are needed in order to evaluate implant survival.
Swedish Parent’s Experiences of Joint Physical Custody
Authors: Carlsund Åsa , Asplund Kennet , Sellström Eva , Eriksson Ulrika
Published: September 2014

Aim: This study’s aim was to learn more about parent experiences, when living in joint physical custody with
their children.

Methods: The study design was descriptive, using a qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted with 28 parents who
lived in joint physical custody with their children. Content was analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results: Participants with joint custody reported many positive experiences, and a similar process of adapting to the new
living- arrangement. Results indicate that shortly after the separation parents were mainly occupied with emotional
reactions to the new family situation. After two to three years, or in some cases longer, things seemed to settle down and
the participants became more accustomed to the arrangements.

Conclusion: This qualitative study provides insights into parents’ experiences of living in joint physical custody with their
children. Many positive experiences and a similar process of adapting to the new arrangement were revealed. In the initial
period, the parents seemed mainly to have been occupied with emotional reactions to the new family situation.
The Peace Pack: A Computerized Online Assessment of School Bullying
Authors: Slee Phillip T. , Mohyla Jury
Published: September 2014

School bullying is an international problem with harmful outcomes for those involved. This study describes the design and field testing of an innovative computer-based social learning tool for assessing student perceptions of bullying developed for an Australian intervention program called the P.E.A.C.E. Pack. Students rate their peer group behavior on a series of Likert scales, provide open-ended responses, and can watch a film which they can comment on. As a social learning tool, the computerized assessment of peer victimization provides schools with an efficient system for feedback regarding bullying at a time when internationally many schools systems are being mandated to gather and report data on bullying. The system was field tested in two settings. The findings confirmed the approach kept the students engaged and pedagogically motivated. The advantages and disadvantages of using computerized assessments in school settings for anti-bullying recommendations tailored to individual and group interests is discussed.
Simultaneous quantification of four benzodiazepines from whole blood by highperformance liquid chromatography in forensic toxicological analysis
Authors: Miresan Horatiu , Rosca Cosmin , Matei Nicoleta , Roncea Florentina , Cazacincu Radu , Iancu Irina , Stefanescu Emil , Enache Daniel , Bratu Mihaela , Popescu Antoanela
Published: September 2014

A rapid high performance liquid chromatography method, using a monolithic column, was developed for quantitative determinations of benzodiazepines (diazepam, clonazepam, lorazepam, midazolam) in whole blood. A liquid-liquid extraction step with n-chlorobutane isolates the drugs from alkalinized blood. The separation was carried out in reversed phase conditions using a Chromolith Performance (RP-18 100x4.6 mm) column. For the mobile phase, a mixture of a phosphate buffer (pH= 2.5)/acetonitrile (65/35 v/v), in isocratic mode at 2 mL/min. An ultraviolet spectrophotometer was used as the detector at the wavelength of 220 nm. The total run time of the analytical method is less than 4-6 minutes. The calibration curves showed linearity and the correlation coefficient of each individual curve was greater than 0.995. The method was linear over a concentration range of 0.03-0.6 μg/mL for clonazepam, lorazepam and midazolam. For diazepam of linearity was over the range 0.04-5.0μg/mL. Quantification limits ranged from 0.03-0.04μg/mL and the accuracy were from 80% to 105% for the recovery test.

The results indicate that this analytical method is simple, specific, accuracy, sensitive, demonstrating from the validation data and a higher robustness. The proposed method is applied routinely in forensic toxicological analysis involving blood.
Modern Stored-Product Insect Pest Management
Authors: Hagstrum David William , Flinn Paul Whitney
Published: September 2014

Stored-product entomologists have a variety of new monitoring, decision-making, biological, chemical, and physical pest management tools available to them. Two types of stored-product insect populations are of interest: insects of immediate economic importance infesting commodities, and insects that live in food residues in equipment and facilities. The sampling and control methods change as grain and grain products move from field to consumer. There are also some changes in the major insect pest species to take into consideration. In this review, we list the primary insect pests at each point of the marketing system, and indicate which sampling methods and control strategies are most appropriate. Economic thresholds for insect infestation levels developed for raw commodity storage, processing plants, and retail business allow sampling-based pest management to be done before insect infestations cause economic injury. Taking enough samples to have a representative sample (20-30 samples) will generally provide enough information to classify a population as above or below an economic threshold.
The Effect of Grazing by the Slug Arion Vulgaris, Arion Rufus and Deroceras Reticulatum (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) on Leguminous Plants and other Small-Area Crops
Authors: Kozłowski Jan , Jaskulska Monika
Published: September 2014

Herbivorous slugs do significant damage to many species of crop plants. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the rate and extent of damage caused to 16 plant species by Arion vulgaris, Arion rufus, and Deroceras reticulatum. It was found, that levels of damage caused to young plants of Brassica napus, Sorghum bicolor, Vicia faba, and Sinapis alba by the slugs A. vulgaris, A. rufus, and D. reticulatum were similar, while levels of damage caused to the other studied plants by particular slug species differed significantly. Based on the results of the damage by the investigated slug species, plants were categorised as heavily or lightly damaged.
Fumigant Toxicity of Petroselinum Crispum L. (Apiaceae) Essential Oil on Trialeurodes Vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Adults Under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Mahmoodi Leila , Valizadegan Oroj , Mahdavi Vahid
Published: September 2014

Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most harmful, world-wide known pests of greenhouse crops and ornamental plants. This insect feeds on plant sap, produces honeydew, and transmits plant viruses, while causing quantitative and qualitative damage to plants. For controlling this pest in greenhouses, plant essential oils are used as an alternative to chemical insecticidal. So in this study, fumigant toxicity of Petroselinum crispum L. (Apiaceae) plant oil on the abovementioned adult pest was investigated. Dry seeds were ground and subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus and the resulting oil contained myristicin (42.65%), β-phellandrene (21.83%), p-1,3,8-menthatriene (9.97%), and β-myrcene (4.25%). All bioassay tests were conducted at 27±2°C, 65±5% relative humidity (RH) and at a photoperiod of 16 : 8 h (light : dark). This research was performed in a completely randomised design with six treatments (five different concentrations of essential oils plus the control). Each concentration included three replicates and each replicate consisted of 20 adult pests. The results showed that the aforementioned essential oil showed significant mortality of adults 24 h after exposure. The value LC50 of the mentioned plant oil on T. vaporariorum was 2.41 μl/l air. And mortality percentage showed higher sensitivity of T. vaporariorum against the application of the essential oil. The value LT50 estimated for T. vaporariorum in a concentration of 2.41 μl/l air was 8.17 h. The fumigant toxicity of this essential oil had an ordered relationship with the concentration and time exposure. The results of this research showed that the mentioned plant oil had appropriate insecticidal effects on these greenhouse pests. The findings showed that P. crispum oil had a high impact on the above-mentioned pest, and its use is suggested because of its high potential fumigant toxicity. The oil of P. crispum may be used in integrated pest management programmes in greenhouses.
Teaching Methods Influencing the Sustainability of the Teaching Process in Technology Education in General Education Schools
Authors: Soobik Mart
Published: September 2014

The sustainability of technology education is related to a traditional understanding of craft and the methods used to teach it; however, the methods used in the teaching process have been influenced by the innovative changes accompanying the development of technology. In respect to social and economic development, it is important to prepare young people, both boys as well as girls, with comprehensive knowledge and a basic education in technology for the benefit of their future life. Teachersí assessment of craft and technology education, from two different periods of time, are compared in light of two different national curricula in order to explain possible changes in teachersí conceptions related to the teaching methods of technology and examines teachersí opinions on the methods of technology education. This research attempts to find answers to the questions: What are teachersí attitudes towards teaching methods at the two different periods of time? What changes occurred in the teaching methods of the syllabi in light of the curricula adoptions in 2004 and in 2011? The research is based on questionnaire surveys administered across Estonia in 2004 and 2011. Findings indicate that during the two periods in question the teaching methods used by the teachers of technology education in Estonian schools shifted from the traditional approach to teaching towards a more constructivist approach. The researcher concludes that the teaching methods applied in technology education must keep current. Teaching would greatly benefit from the introduction of more activating teaching methods, particularly those connected with applying technology.
Educative Experience of the Use of Concept Mapping in Science and Environmental Teacher Training Programmes
Authors: Pontes-Pedrajas Alfonso , Varo-Martínez Marta
Published: September 2014

Environmental education in the 21st century requires well-instructed teachers with teaching and communication abilities. This paper presents an educational experience developed in several biology and environmental teacher training courses and focused on the treatment of environmental education as a transversal educational topic. For that aim, text analysis techniques, concept mapping and informatics tools have been used to represent individual and collaborative knowledge about environmental topics. 69 students participated in the research. Data about the educational activities developed by the participants have been collected. Furthermore, students have expressed their opinions on the formative process by means of an opinion survey. The outcomes of this study reveal that future teachers and environmental educators consider that concept mapping is a valuable tool to represent their knowledge about environmental education, to encourage reflexive and collaborative learning, to improve teaching communicative abilities and to use effectively ICT in the classroom.
Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) of the Afrotropical Fauna: Accession 1
Authors: Razowski Józef , Wojtusiak Janusz
Published: September 2014

18 species of Tortricidae are discussed; 6 species are described as new: Choristoneura saotome sp. n., Afroploce bagamoyo sp. n., Anthozela macambrarae sp. n., Anthozela usambarae sp. n., Eucosmocydia terreirana sp. n. and Cydia amaniana sp. n. Faunistic data on 12 species are provided