bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conserved QTL and chromosomal inversion affect resistance to columnaris disease in 2 rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) populations
Authors: Calboli Federico C F , Koskinen Heikki , Nousianen Antti , Fraslin Clémence , Houston Ross D , Kause Antti
Published: June 2022

We present a comparative genetic analysis of the quantitative trait loci underlying resistance to warm water columnaris disease in 2 farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations. We provide evidence for the conservation of a major quantitative trait loci on Omy03, and the putative role played by a chromosomal rearrangement on Omy05. A total of 3,962 individuals from the 2 populations experienced a natural Flavobacterium columnare outbreak. Data for 25,823 genome-wide SNPs were generated for both cases (fatalities) and controls (survivors). FST and pairwise additive genetic relationships suggest that, despite being currently kept as separate broodstocks, the 2 populations are closely related. Association analyses identified a major quantitative trait loci on chromosome Omy03 and a second smaller quantitative trait loci on Omy05. Quantitative trait loci on Omy03 consistently explained 3–11% of genetic variation in both populations, whereas quantitative trait loci on Omy05 showed different degree of association across populations and sexes. The quantitative trait loci on Omy05 was found within a naturally occurring, 54.84 cM long inversion which is easy to tag due to a strong linkage disequilibrium between the 375 tagging SNPs. The ancestral haplotype on Omy05 was associated with decreased mortality. Genetic correlation between mortality in the 2 populations was estimated at 0.64, implying that the genetic basis of resistance is partly similar in the 2 populations. Our quantitative trait loci validation identifies markers that can be potentially used to complement breeding value evaluations to increase resistance against columnaris disease, and help to mitigate effects of climate change on aquaculture.
Predicting which genes will respond to transcription factor perturbations
Authors: Kang Yiming , Jung Wooseok J , Brent Michael R
Published: June 2022

The ability to predict which genes will respond to the perturbation of a transcription factor serves as a benchmark for our systems-level understanding of transcriptional regulatory networks. In previous work, machine learning models have been trained to predict static gene expression levels in a biological sample by using data from the same or similar samples, including data on their transcription factor binding locations, histone marks, or DNA sequence. We report on a different challenge—training machine learning models to predict which genes will respond to the perturbation of a transcription factor without using any data from the perturbed cells. We find that existing transcription factor location data (ChIP-seq) from human cells have very little detectable utility for predicting which genes will respond to perturbation of a transcription factor. Features of genes, including their preperturbation expression level and expression variation, are very useful for predicting responses to perturbation of any transcription factor. This shows that some genes are poised to respond to transcription factor perturbations and others are resistant, shedding light on why it has been so difficult to predict responses from binding locations. Certain histone marks, including H3K4me1 and H3K4me3, have some predictive power when located downstream of the transcription start site. However, the predictive power of histone marks is much less than that of gene expression level and expression variation. Sequence-based or epigenetic properties of genes strongly influence their tendency to respond to direct transcription factor perturbations, partially explaining the oft-noted difficulty of predicting responsiveness from transcription factor binding location data. These molecular features are largely reflected in and summarized by the gene’s expression level and expression variation. Code is available at https://github.com/BrentLab/TFPertRespExplainer.
Thigh and Calf Myosteatosis are Strongly Associated with Muscle and Physical Function in African Caribbean Men
Authors: Santanasto Adam J , Zmuda Joseph M , Cvejkus Ryan K , Gordon Christopher L , Nair Sangeeta , Carr J Jeffrey , Terry James G , Wheeler Victor W , Miljkovic Iva
Published: June 2022

Background

African Caribbeans have higher levels of myosteatosis than other populations; however, little is known about the impact of myosteatosis on physical function in African Caribbeans. Herein, we examined the association between regional myosteatosis of the calf, thigh, and abdomen versus physical function in 850 African-Ancestry men aged 64.2 ± 8.9 (range 50–95) living on the Caribbean Island of Tobago.

Methods

Myosteatosis was measured using computed tomography and included intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and muscle density levels of the thigh, calf, psoas, and paraspinous muscles. Outcomes included grip strength, time to complete 5 chair-rises, and 4-meter gait speed. Associations were quantified using separate linear models for each myosteatosis depot and were adjusted for age, height, demographics, physical activity, and chronic diseases. Beta coefficients were presented per standard deviation of each myosteatosis depot.

Results

Higher thigh IMAT was the only IMAT depot significantly associated with weaker grip strength (β = −1.3 ± 0.43 kg, p = .003). However, lower muscle density of all 4 muscle groups was associated with weaker grip strength (all p < .05). Calf and thigh myosteatosis (IMAT and muscle density) were significantly associated with both worse chair rise time and gait speed (all p < .05), whereas psoas IMAT and paraspinous muscle density were associated with gait speed.

Conclusion

Myosteatosis of the calf and thigh―but not the abdomen―were strongly associated with grip strength and performance measures of physical function in African Caribbean men. However, posterior abdominal myosteatosis may have some utility when abdominal images are all that are available.
Residential Segregation, Social Cohesion, and Aging in Place: Health and Mental Health Inequities
Authors: Smith Richard J , Baik Sol , Lehning Amanda J , Mattocks Nicole , Cheon Ji Hyang , Kim Kyeongmo
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives

Research shows that living in segregated neighborhoods may have deleterious health outcomes via social, physical, and socioeconomic contexts that deepen existing inequities. However, there has been limited scholarship examining the effects of segregation on older adults, despite an increasing focus on aging in place. Guided by the Ecological Model of Aging, we examined the effects of segregation on older adults’ self-rated health and mental health, accounting for both individual characteristics and neighborhood opportunities and risks (e.g., social cohesion) and the potential moderating role of race and economic vulnerability.

Research Design and Methods

We used data from the first 4 rounds of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011–2014) merged with tract-level census data for a final sample size of 3,084 community-dwelling older adults in urban areas. We conducted multivariate regression analyses after conditioning on residential location selection variables.

Results

There was no significant association between neighborhood segregation and self-rated health or between segregation and anxiety and depression symptoms. Consistent with the literature, perceived social cohesion was protective of health in each model.

Discussion and Implications

Our findings highlight the need for more rigorous research on segregation and older residents that utilize longitudinal and spatial data. Our findings also have implications for policies and programs that aim to support the ability to age in place for older adults who have different racial identities and live in different neighborhood contexts. Because social cohesion can be a protective factor for older adults’ health and mental health, policymakers and practitioners should support initiatives to increase social cohesion.
Serum Protein Electrophoresis Reference Intervals for Six Species of Wild-Sampled Sharks in South Florida
Authors: Shinder Samantha L , Cray Carolyn , Hammerschlag Neil , Merly Liza
Published: June 2022

Serum proteins found in the blood have been used as diagnostic markers in both human and animal medicine. Evaluating proteins in the blood of sharks may be a valuable way to assess shark health. The purpose of this study was to perform serum protein electrophoresis from non-lethal blood samples of wild sharks and establish baseline values for six species off South Florida: blacknose (Carcharhinus acronotus), blacktip (C. limbatus), bull (C. leucas), lemon (Negaprion brevirostris), sandbar (C. plumbeus), and tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). Two hundred and fifty-one serum samples were collected between 2015–2018 along with sex determination and morphometric measurements. Agarose gel analysis was performed using mammalian protein fraction delimits albumin, alpha 1-globulins, alpha 2-globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins alternatively defined as fractions 1–5. Reference electrophoretic profiles were established for each species, revealing the dominance of protein fractions 3 and 4. The fraction 3:4 ratio was determined for each shark and reference intervals for total solids, protein fractions, and fraction 3:4 ratio are reported for each species. There were no significant differences in total solids or protein fractions between males and females of any species. In both blacktip sharks and bull sharks, total solids were positively correlated with body size, but not in the other species evaluated. In blacknose sharks, the fraction 3:4 ratio was positively correlated with body condition. Results suggest that there may be differences in total solids values across dry and wet seasons for some species. Newly established reference intervals can now be utilized in future research to evaluate the health of captive sharks and to investigate the health status of individuals in the wild as well as relate health measures to environmental conditions.
Repeated Genetic Targets of Natural Selection Underlying Adaptation of Fishes to Changing Salinity
Authors: Velotta Jonathan P , McCormick Stephen D , Whitehead Andrew , Durso Catherine S , Schultz Eric T
Published: June 2022

Synopsis

Ecological transitions across salinity boundaries have led to some of the most important diversification events in the animal kingdom, especially among fishes. Adaptations accompanying such transitions include changes in morphology, diet, whole-organism performance, and osmoregulatory function, which may be particularly prominent since divergent salinity regimes make opposing demands on systems that maintain ion and water balance. Research in the last decade has focused on the genetic targets underlying such adaptations, most notably by comparing populations of species that are distributed across salinity boundaries. Here, we synthesize research on the targets of natural selection using whole-genome approaches, with a particular emphasis on the osmoregulatory system. Given the complex, integrated and polygenic nature of this system, we expected that signatures of natural selection would span numerous genes across functional levels of osmoregulation, especially salinity sensing, hormonal control, and cellular ion exchange mechanisms. We find support for this prediction: genes coding for V-type, Ca2+, and Na+/K+-ATPases, which are key cellular ion exchange enzymes, are especially common targets of selection in species from six orders of fishes. This indicates that while polygenic selection contributes to adaptation across salinity boundaries, changes in ATPase enzymes may be of particular importance in supporting such transitions.
Impact of overexpressing NADH kinase on glucoamylase production in Aspergillus niger
Authors: Li Lin-Xiang , Yu Le-Yi , Wang Bin , Pan Li
Published: June 2022

Glucoamylase has a wide range of applications in the production of glucose, antibiotics, amino acids, and other fermentation industries. Fungal glucoamylase, in particular, has attracted much attention because of its wide application in different industries, among which Aspergillus niger is the most popular strain producing glucoamylase. The low availability of NADPH was found to be one of the limiting factors for the overproduction of glucoamylase. In this study, 3 NADH kinases (AN03, AN14, and AN17) and malic enzyme (maeA) were overexpressed in aconidial A. niger by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, significantly increasing the size of the NADPH pool, resulting in the activity of glucoamylase was improved by about 70%, 50%, 90%, and 70%, respectively; the total secreted protein was increased by about 25%, 22%, 52%, and 26%, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of the mitochondrial NADH kinase (AN17) and the malic enzyme (maeA) increased glucoamylase activity by a further 19%. This study provided an effective strategy for enhancing glucoamylase production of A. niger.
Rapid early progression (REP) of glioblastoma is an independent negative prognostic factor: Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Waqar Mueez , Roncaroli Federico , Lehrer Eric J , Palmer Joshua D , Villanueva-Meyer Javier , Braunstein Steve , Hall Emma , Aznar Marianne , De Witt Hamer Philip C , D’Urso Pietro I , Trifiletti Daniel , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Wesseling Pieter , Borst Gerben R
Published: June 2022

Background

In patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, rapid early progression (REP) refers to tumor regrowth between surgery and postoperative chemoradiotherapy. This systematic review and meta-analysis appraised previously published data on REP to better characterize and understand it.

Methods

Systematic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane database from inception to October 21, 2021. Studies describing the incidence of REP—tumor growth between the postoperative MRI scan and pre-radiotherapy MRI scan in newly diagnosed glioblastoma were included. The primary outcome was REP incidence.

Results

From 1590 search results, 9 studies were included with 716 patients. The median age was 56.9 years (IQR 54.0–58.8 y). There was a male predominance with a median male-to-female ratio of 1.4 (IQR 1.1–1.5). The median number of days between MRI scans was 34 days (IQR 18–45 days). The mean incidence rate of REP was 45.9% (range 19.3%–72.0%) and significantly lower in studies employing functional imaging to define REP (P < .001). REP/non-REP groups were comparable with respect to age (P = .99), gender (P = .33) and time between scans (P = .81). REP was associated with shortened overall survival (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.30–2.43, P < .001), shortened progression-free survival (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.30–2.43, P < .001), subtotal resection (OR 6.96, 95% CI 4.51–10.73, P < .001) and IDH wild-type versus mutant tumors (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.02–0.38, P = .03). MGMT promoter methylation was not associated with REP (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.72–2.28, P = .39).

Conclusions

REP occurs in almost half of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma and has a strongly negative prognostic effect. Future studies should investigate its biology and effective treatment strategies.
The Politicization of Ivermectin Tweets During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Diaz Marlon I , Hanna John J , Hughes Amy E , Lehmann Christoph U , Medford Richard J
Published: June 2022

Background

We explore the ivermectin discourse and sentiment in the United States with a special focus on political leaning through the social media blogging site Twitter.

Methods

We used sentiment analysis and topic modeling to geospatially explore ivermectin Twitter discourse in the United States and compared it to the political leaning of a state based on the 2020 presidential election.

Results

All modeled topics were associated with a negative sentiment. Tweets originating from democratic leaning states were more likely to be negative.

Conclusions

Real-time analysis of social media content can identify public health concerns and guide timely public health interventions tackling disinformation.
Long COVID in the Long Run—23-Month Follow-up Study of Persistent Symptoms
Authors: Helmsdal Gunnhild , Hanusson Katrin Dahl , Kristiansen Marnar Fríðheim , Foldbo Billa Mouritsardóttir , Danielsen Marjun Eivindardóttir , Steig Bjarni á , Gaini Shahin , Strøm Marin , Weihe Pál , Petersen Maria Skaalum
Published: June 2022

Symptoms of long coronavirus disease (COVID) were found in 38% of 170 patients followed for a median of 22.6 months. The most prevalent symptoms were fatigue, affected taste and smell, and difficulties remembering and concentrating. Predictors for long COVID were older age and number of symptoms in the acute phase. Long COVID may take many months, maybe years, to resolve.
Development of an Electronic Algorithm to Target Outpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship Efforts for Acute Bronchitis and Pharyngitis
Authors: Lautenbach Ebbing , Hamilton Keith W , Grundmeier Robert , Neuhauser Melinda M , Hicks Lauri A , Jaskowiak-Barr Anne , Cressman Leigh , James Tony , Omorogbe Jacqueline , Frager Nicole , Menon Muida , Kratz Ellen , Dutcher Lauren , Chiotos Kathleen , Gerber Jeffrey S
Published: June 2022

Background

A major challenge for antibiotic stewardship programs is the lack of accurate and accessible electronic data to target interventions. We developed and validated separate electronic algorithms to identify inappropriate antibiotic use for adult outpatients with bronchitis and pharyngitis.

Methods

We used International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, diagnostic codes to identify patient encounters for acute bronchitis and pharyngitis at outpatient practices between 3/15/17 and 3/14/18. Exclusion criteria included immunocompromising conditions, complex chronic conditions, and concurrent infections. We randomly selected 300 eligible subjects each with bronchitis and pharyngitis. Inappropriate antibiotic use based on chart review served as the gold standard for assessment of the electronic algorithm, which was constructed using only data in the electronic data warehouse. Criteria for appropriate prescribing, choice of antibiotic, and duration were based on established guidelines.

Results

Of 300 subjects with bronchitis, 167 (55.7%) received an antibiotic inappropriately based on chart review. The electronic algorithm demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity for detection of inappropriate prescribing. Of 300 subjects with pharyngitis, 94 (31.3%) had an incorrect prescribing decision. Among 29 subjects with a positive rapid streptococcal antigen test, 27 (93.1%) received an appropriate antibiotic and 29 (100%) received the correct duration. The electronic algorithm demonstrated very high sensitivity and specificity for all outcomes.

Conclusions

Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for bronchitis and pharyngitis is common. Electronic algorithms for identifying inappropriate prescribing, antibiotic choice, and duration showed excellent test characteristics. These algorithms could be used to efficiently assess prescribing among practices and individual clinicians. Interventions based on these algorithms should be tested in future work.
Health consequences of early-onset compared with late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hou Can , Yang Huazhen , Qu Yuanyuan , Chen Wenwen , Zeng Yu , Hu Yao , Narayan K M Venkat , Song Huan , Li Dong
Published: June 2022

Background

Although cumulating evidence has suggested that early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) conferred on patients a broader tendency for complications beyond vascular ones, a comprehensive analysis of patterns of complications across all relevant systems is currently lacking.

Method

We prospectively studied 1 777 early-onset (age at diagnosis ≤ 45 years) and 35 889 late-onset (>45 years) T2DM patients with matched unexposed individuals from the UK Biobank. Diabetes-specific and -related complications were examined using phenome-wide association analysis, with patterns identified by comorbidity network analysis. We also evaluated the effect of lifestyle modifications and glycemic control on complication development.

Results

The median follow-up times for early-onset and late-onset T2DM patients were 17.83 and 9.39 years, respectively. Compared to late-onset T2DM patients, patients with early-onset T2DM faced a significantly higher relative risk of developing subsequent complications that primarily affected sense organs [hazard ratio (HR) 3.46 vs. 1.72], the endocrine/metabolic system (HR 3.08 vs. 2.01), and the neurological system (HR 2.70 vs. 1.81). Despite large similarities in comorbidity patterns, a more complex and well-connected network was observed for early-onset T2DM. Furthermore, while patients with early-onset T2DM got fewer benefits (12.67% reduction in pooled HR for all studied complications) through fair glycemic control (median HbA1c ≤ 53 mmol/mol) compared to late-onset T2DM patients (18.01% reduction), they seemed to benefit more from favorable lifestyles, including weight control, healthy diet, and adequate physical activity.

Conclusions

Our analyses reveal that early-onset T2DM is an aggressive disease resulting in more complex complication networks than late-onset T2DM. Aggressive glucose-lowering intervention, complemented by lifestyle modifications, are feasible strategies for controlling early-onset T2DM-related complications.
Historical Markers or Markers of White Supremacy? Confederate Memorialization, Racial Threat, and Hate Crime
Authors: Lantz Brendan , Wenger Marin R , Malcom Zachary T
Published: June 2022

Many Confederate monuments were erected during the Jim Crow era, sending symbolic messages of intimidation and hostility to the Black population. Yet no studies have examined the relationship between contemporary Confederate memorialization and bias crime. Drawing from research on hate crime law compliance, we posit an inverse relationship between Confederate monuments and mobilization of hate crime law, such that compliance with hate crime laws will be lower in communities with memorialization, but that among complying agencies, anti-Black hate crime rates will be higher. To examine these relationships, we combined data from the Uniform Crime Report Hate Crime Statistics and the American Community Survey with Confederate monument data from the Southern Poverty Law Center. We conducted analyses predicting a) monument presence, b) agency non-compliance, and c) anti-Black hate crime. Results indicate that monuments are located in communities exemplifying a challenge to racial hierarchies: economically advantaged communities with larger Black populations. Regarding hate crime, analyses show that (1) the American South is associated with reduced compliance, and, (2) after accounting for compliance, Confederate memorialization is associated with increased anti-Black hate crime. These findings have implications for intergroup conflict and the impact of local symbolism on the formal mobilization of hate crime law.
Pestalotiopsis Species Associated with Blueberry Leaf Spots and Stem Cankers in Sichuan Province of China
Authors: Zheng Xiaojuan , Liu Xuan , Li Xupu , Quan Cantao , Li Peili , Chang Xiaoli , Gu Junjie , Khaskheli M. Ibrahim , Gong Guoshu
Published: June 2022

Blueberry leaf spots and stem cankers caused by Pestalotiopsis spp. have become a serious threat for the production of blueberry in Sichuan Province. To characterize the etiology of the diseases connected with these fungi, samples showing leaf spot and stem canker symptoms were collected from the 12 main blueberry-growing areas of Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020 and used for pathogen isolation. In total, 91 fungal isolates were obtained with preliminary morphological identification and 48 representative strains were selected for further pathogenicity test and molecular identification. Four species, including Pestalotiopsis clavispora (Neopestalotiopsis clavispora) (57.14%), P. trachicarpicola (28.57%), P. chamaeropis (13.19%), and P. adusta (1.10%), were identified based on conidial morphology, cultural characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region, partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-α. Pathogenicity tests showed that four species were pathogenic to leaves and stems of blueberry. Among them, P. clavispora (N. clavispora) was the most aggressive as the predominant species to cause both leaf spot and stem canker. P. trachicarpicola and P. chamaeropis were mainly isolated from leaves but also pathogenic to stems. P. adusta was only isolated from stems but also pathogenic to leaves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. chamaeropis and P. adusta as pathogens causing leaf spots and stem canker on blueberry. The results provide helpful information in disease diagnosis and management of blueberry.
Knockdown of circ_CDYL Contributes to Inhibit Angiotensin II–Induced Podocytes Apoptosis in Membranous Nephropathy via the miR-149-5p/TNFSF11 Pathway
Authors: Qiu Donghao , Zhao Ning , Chen Qi , Wang Ming
Published: June 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been verified as vital regulators in various diseases, including membranous nephropathy (MN). Therefore, the role of circ_CDYL in podocyte apoptosis and MN was investigated. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the expression of circ_CDYL, microRNA-149-5p (miR-149-5p), and tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) in podocytes. In addition, angiotensin II (Ang II) was used to induce apoptosis of podocytes. The apoptosis-related protein expression was quantified by western blot assay. The apoptosis of podocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry assay. The interaction relationship between miR-149-5p and circ_CDYL or TNFSF11 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Circ_CDYL was significantly overexpressed in MN patients and Ang II–induced podocytes compared with control groups. Importantly, loss-of-functional experiments indicated that knockdown of circ_CDYL protected podocytes from Ang II–induced apoptosis. MiR-149-5p was verified as target of circ_CDYL and negatively correlated with circ_CDYL expression in MN patients. Knockdown of circ_CDYL–mediated effects on Ang II–induced podocyte cells were abolished by silencing miR-149-5p. Besides, the upregulation of miR-149-5p could suppress apoptosis in Ang II–induced podocyte cells by targeting TNFSF11. Under Ang II stimulation, the upregulation of TNFSF11 could increase the expression of TNFSF11 and induce apoptosis in circ_CDYL-silencing podocytes. Our results confirmed that circ_CDYL specifically targeted miR-149-5p/TNFSF11 pathway to regulate Ang II–induced apoptosis in podocytes, which might be useful diagnostic biomarkers in MN.
Dantrolene for Generalized Tetanus in Pediatrics
Authors: Khan Natasha , Zulfiqar Fizza , Hollander Leanna , Johnson Travis , Lamsal Riwaaj
Published: June 2022

There are only sporadic cases of tetanus in children in the United States. We describe an unimmunized child with generalized tetanus who required nearly a month of mechanical ventilation with analgesia, sedation, and neuromuscular blockade. Dantrolene showed benefit in spasm control and patient comfort when used in combination with other drugs.
Correlations among the Mandarin Voice Handicap Index, its shortened version, and the Voice-Related Quality of Life Measure for laryngectomees
Authors: Wang Chen-Chi , Liao Jia-Shiou
Published: June 2022

Background:

The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and the Voice-Related Quality of Life Measure (V-RQOL) are seldom administered to alaryngeal patients who use pneumatic artificial larynx (PAL) and esophageal speech (ES). As such, the specificity of VHI and 10-item VHI (VHI-10) for assessing voice-related changes in such patients is unclear. Accordingly, this study investigated the correlation between scores on the VHI, its shortened version (VHI-10), and the V-RQOL for Mandarin-speaking laryngectomees using PAL and ES, with the aim of establishing which of these instruments is suited to such patients.

Methods:

The participants comprised 126 PAL and 26 ES patients from Taiwan who completed the Mandarin VHI and V-RQOL. Fifty-two of these alaryngeal participants then completed both those instruments a second time, between 8 and 64 days later.

Results:

One item appearing in both the Mandarin long-form VHI and the VHI-10 was excluded because more than half the participants left it unanswered. The correlation of scores on the remaining 29 items on the former with the nine on the latter was high (r = 0.968), while that between the former and V-RQOL scores was moderate (r = −0.569), as was the correlation between short-form VHI and Mandarin V-RQOL scores (r = −0.582). Structural equation modeling was then used as the basis for simplifying the Mandarin long-form VHI into a new 10-item VHI specifically for alaryngeal Mandarin speakers (MA-VHI-10), to eliminate the scoring effect of the original VHI’s and VHI-10’s work-related item. MA-VHI-10 scores were highly correlated with those on the Mandarin long-form VHI (r = 0.983).

Conclusion:

The Mandarin versions of long-form VHI, short-form VHI, and MA-VHI-10 are interchangeable for a Mandarin-speaking alaryngeal population. However, neither of the former two instruments should be substituted for the V-RQOL.
The study of cancer cell in stromal environment through induced pluripotent stem cell–derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Loh Jit-Kai , Wang Mong-Lien , Cheong Soon-Keng , Tsai Fu-Ting , Huang Shu-Huei , Wu Jing-Rong , Yang Yi-Ping , Chiou Shih-Hwa , Ong Alan Han-Kiat
Published: June 2022

Background:

The development of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has gained reputation from its therapeutic potential in stem cell regeneration, anti-inflammation, tumor suppression, and drug delivery treatment. Previous studies have shown MSCs have both promoting and suppressing effects against cancer cells. While the limitation of obtaining a large quantity of homologous MSCs for studies and treatment remains a challenge, an alternative approach involving the production of MSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs; induced MSCs [iMSCs]) may be a promising prospect given its ability to undergo prolonged passage and with similar therapeutic profiles as that of their MSC counterparts. However, the influence of iMSC in the interaction of cancer cells remains to be explored as such studies are not well established. In this study, we aim to differentiate iPSCs into MSC-like cells as a potential substitute for adult MSCs and evaluate its effect on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:

iMSCs were derived from iPSCs and validated with reference to the International Society of Cellular Therapy guidelines on MSC criteria. To create a stromal environment, the conditioned medium (CM) of iMSCs was harvested and applied for coculturing of NSCLC of H1975 at different concentrations. The H1975 was then harvested for RNA extraction and subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) for analysis.

Results:

The morphology of iMSCs-CM–treated H1975 was different from an untreated H1975. Our NGS data suggest the occurrence of apoptotic events and the presence of cytokines from H1975’s RNA that are treated with iMSCs-CM.

Conclusion:

Our results have shown that iMSCs may suppress the growth of H1975 by releasing proapoptotic cytokines into coculture media. Using iPSC-derived MSC models allows a deeper study of tumor cross talk between MSC and cancer cells that can be applied for potential future cancer therapy.
Surgical outcome of benign cases with pelvic adhesions undergoing robotic total hysterectomy
Authors: Wang Pei-Yi , Lee Yu-Chieh , Liu Wei-Min , Chen Ching-Hui
Published: June 2022

Background:

Robotic total hysterectomies have been considered contraindicated for patients with intra-abdominal adherences, but the evidence for this is not strong, and we hypothesized that the procedure can be of benefit even in these cases. In our research, we analyzed how the severity of pelvic adhesions affects robotic total hysterectomy, and by comparing different types of adhesions, we can further identify the outcomes differences in between, which may aid in future surgical decision making.

Methods:

Prospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). All 410 patients with uterine myoma or adenomyosis undergoing robotic total hysterectomies between 2011 and 2016 using the da Vinci Si system by the same surgeon in Taipei Medical University Hospital were included in the study.

Results:

Baseline characteristics, blood loss, docking time, operation time, time to perform uterine artery ligation (UAL), pain score, hospital stay, complication rate, and laparotomy conversion rate were analyzed between benign cases with or without pelvic adhesions undergoing robotic total hysterectomy. Furthermore, in our subgroups analysis, we have divided the patients with adhesion into different groups according to the severity of adhesion. The abdomen and pelvic cavity was divided into nine sections, and the outcomes of different adhesion condition were compared. We found that patients with adhesions had increased docking time and operation time, but other differences between groups were not statistically significant. The results of the adhesion group showed no significant increases in blood loss, intra- and postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay. Only significantly longer surgical time compared with the normal group was noted.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that robotic total hysterectomies with UAL are effective and safe for patients with benign gynecologic conditions, and the surgical method should be considered even for patients with adhesion risks.
The efficacy and safety of non-resistance manual therapy in inpatients with acute neck pain caused by traffic accidents
Authors: Kim Suna , Kyeong Da-Hyun , Kim Min-Kyung , Kim Chang-Yeon , Lee Yoon Jae , Lee Jinho , Ha In-Hyuk , Park Kyoung Sun
Published: June 2022

Background:

Neck pain and functional impairment are common complications of traffic accidents (TAs); however, the effects of manual therapy on these symptoms have rarely been studied in the literature. Thus, this randomized controlled trial aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of non-resistance manual therapy (NRT)—a treatment combining mobilization and pressure release techniques—on acute neck pain caused by TA.

Method:

This study will use a two-armed, parallel, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial design and will be conducted in the Daejeon Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine in South Korea. One hundred twenty patients will be recruited and randomized into an integrative Korean medicine treatment (IMKT) + NRT group and IMKT group in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome is a change in the numeric rating scale for neck pain immediately after treatment on hospital day 5 compared to those at baseline. The secondary outcomes are numeric rating scale for radiating arm pain, visual analogue scale for neck pain and radiating arm pain, cervical active range of motion, neck disability index, Patient Global Impression of Change, Short Form-12 Health Survey, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5.

Discussion:

The findings of this study on the effectiveness and safety of NRT will be helpful for patients with TA-induced neck pain in clinical practice and will provide evidence for developing relevant healthcare-related policies.

Trial registration:

This protocol has been registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04660175).
The effect of 0.01% atropine on ocular axial elongation for myopia children
Authors: Gao Yue , Yu Yan
Published: June 2022

Background:

Orthokeratology (OK) has a significant effect on the control of myopia progression, and has been accepted by doctors and patients. A small number of studies have shown that the combination of OK and atropine can enhance myopia control. However, owing to individual differences, research groups, drug concentrations, and research design differences, the safety and effectiveness of the combined treatment still need to be verified. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of 0.01% atropine on ocular axial elongation in myopic children.

Methods:

We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases from inception to March 1, 2022. Meta-analysis will be conducted using STATA version 14.0 and Review Manager version 5.3 softwares. We calculated the weighted mean differences (WMD) to analyze the change in ocular axial length (AL) between orthokeratology combined with 0.01% atropine (OKA) and OK alone. Cochran's Q-statistic and I
2 test were used to evaluate the potential heterogeneity between studies. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of single studies on the overall estimate. We will also perform subgroup and meta-regression analyses to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity. We will conduct Begger's funnel plots and Egger's linear regression tests to investigate the publication bias.

Results:

This systematic review aimed to determine the effect of 0.01% atropine on ocular axial elongation in children with myopia.

Conclusions:

These findings provide helpful evidence for the effect of 0.01% atropine on ocular axial elongation in myopic children.
Anesthetic management of hip fracture in geriatric patient with respiratory and heart failure using pericapsular nerve group block
Authors: Niu Zejun , Xu Xiaolin , Chu Haichen , Yin Jihui
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Hip fracture with severe cardiopulmonary and cerebral dysfunction is a relatively common problem in the elderly population and poses a great challenge to anesthetic management. Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block combined with nerve blocks of the hip region has recently attracted significant interest from anesthesiologists, and very few reports on its anesthetic management exist.

Patient concerns:

Patient suffered from the right femoral neck fracture, combined with respiratory failure, heart failure, moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension, cerebral infarction, atrial fibrillation, and cognitive dysfunction.

Diagnosis:

Because of right femoral neck fracture, artificial femoral head replacement was scheduled for this patient.

Interventions:

Ultrasound-guided PENG block combined with sacral plexus, thoracic 11 to 12 paravertebral block, and lateral femoral cutaneous block were performed to a high-risk elderly patient.

Outcomes:

The patient successfully received artificial femoral head replacement with our effective anesthesia techniques and no postoperative complication was reported.

Conclusions:

Among elderly patients with multiple organ dysfunction undergoing hip surgery, PENG block combined with nerve blocks of the hip region is an ideal anesthesia method. This case demonstrated that these regional analgesia techniques had a stable hemodynamic process, satisfactory anesthetic effect, effective postoperative analgesia, and no effect on postoperative cognitive function. Further studies are needed to determine the appropriate doses of local anesthetics in the elderly with multiple organ system failure to reduce delayed local anesthesia systemic toxicity.
Intramuscular administration of autologous total immunoglobulin G induces immunomodulatory effects on T cells in healthy human subjects
Authors: Kwon Byul , Yang Seung-Jung , Cho Su-Mi , Kim Myoung-Eun , Nahm Dong-Ho
Published: June 2022

Background:

We hypothesized that intramuscular administration of autologous total immunoglobulin G (IgG) could induce an immunomodulatory effect in human subjects. In our previous studies, we showed that intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG could induce significant clinical improvements and increases of the serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Objective:

To investigate the mechanism of immunomodulation induced by intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG, we evaluated changes in T cells before and after intramuscular administrations of autologous total IgG in this study.

Methods:

Thirteen healthy adults received 8 intramuscular injections of 50 mg autologous total IgG for 4 weeks (from week 0 to week 4). The percentages of IL-10- or IFN-γ-producing peripheral blood T cells, as well as serum levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and immunoglobulins, were measured at baseline (week 0) and at weeks 4, 8, and 12.

Results:

The percentage of IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells was significantly increased at weeks 8 and 12 compared to baseline (P < .05), while the percentage of IFN-γ-producing CD3+ T cells was significantly increased at week 12 compared to baseline (P < .05). There were no significant differences in the serum levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and immunoglobulins before and after intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG (P > .05). No serious adverse events were observed.

Conclusion:

Intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG induced immunomodulatory effects on T cells in healthy human subjects. This simple intervention could be a safe, effective, and economical T cell immunomodulation method for human subjects (NCT03695757).
Outcomes of an Innovative Best Practice Clinical Immersion Framework
Authors: King Simmy , Cieslowski Bethany , Pope Denise , Winkfield Devora
Published: June 2022

Background:

Academic nursing has a long history of partnering with practice-based settings to provide clinical learning experiences for nursing students; however, these placements are not easily obtained, especially in pediatrics.

Approach:

A freestanding academic pediatric hospital and 3 academic nursing programs collaborated to provide clinical practice to nursing students hired in a practice-based internship program. A second aim was to pilot a best practice clinical immersion framework to provide academic credit to bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) students using a shared clinical syllabus and e-learning platform.

Outcomes:

Sixteen nursing students successfully completed the program; 11 (68.7%) completed the pre- and postevaluation with significant (P < .05) changes in scores for 7 of the 20 questions.

Conclusion:

This best practice clinical immersion framework provided a strategy for obtaining clinical practice and academic credit, demonstrating the potential of innovative practice-academic partnerships. Further, this framework can be easily adapted in other practice-academic partnerships in all clinical areas.
Exploring the Nursing Universal Retention and Success Model for Student Success in a School of Nursing
Authors: Williams Wanda M. , Dahan Thomas A.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Not all students who enter nursing programs are prepared at the same level of educational equity, and some may have other obstacles that prevent their success once admitted. This may be especially true for underrepresented minority students. Early assessment of all students is essential to identify potential problems sooner versus later.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to identify at-risk nursing students early to ensure student success through appropriate referrals on campus.

Methods:

This was a secondary analysis of a student success program based on Jeffreys' Nursing Universal Retention and Success (NURS) model.

Results:

Four factors were identified that were used to tag and identify at-risk students within our student success management software program.

Conclusions:

The program was successful in identifying students based on 4 factors (low personal/college support, financial challenges, excessive work hours, and substantial family obligations) that could place them at risk, so students could be referred to appropriate resources available on campus early in the process.
Adverse childhood experiences and burn pain: a review of biopsychosocial mechanisms that may influence healing
Authors: Werthman Emily H. , Colloca Luana , Oswald Lynn M.
Published: June 2022

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect over half of the adults in the United States and are known to contribute to the development of a wide variety of negative health and behavioral outcomes. The consequences of ACE exposure have been studied in patient populations that include individuals with gynecologic, orthopedic, metabolic, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal conditions among others. Findings indicate that ACEs not only increase risks for chronic pain but also influence emotional responses to pain in many of these individuals. A growing body of research suggests that these effects may be the result of long-lasting changes induced by ACEs in neurobiological systems during early development. However, one area that is still largely unexplored concerns the effects of ACEs on burn patients, who account for almost 450,000 hospitalizations in the United States annually. Patients with severe burns frequently suffer from persistent pain that affects their well-being long after the acute injury, but considerable variability has been observed in the experience of pain across individuals. A literature search was conducted in CINAHL and PubMed to evaluate the possibility that previously documented ACE-induced changes in biological, psychological, and social processes might contribute to these differences. Findings suggest that better understanding of the role that ACEs play in burn outcomes could lead to improved treatment strategies, but further empirical research is needed to identify the predictors and mechanisms that dictate individual differences in pain outcomes in patients with ACE exposure and to clarify the role that ACE-related alterations play in early healing and recovery from burn injuries.
The Role of Premastectomy Mastopexy and Breast Reduction in the Reconstruction of the Enlarged or Ptotic Breast
Authors: Hammond Dennis C. , Little Andrea K.
Published: June 2022

Background:

The indications for nipple-sparing mastectomy have broadened over time. Patients undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomy who have enlarged or ptotic breasts are at risk for skin flap and/or nipple-areola complex necrosis. Premastectomy mastopexy or breast reduction may reduce the risk for these complications.

Methods:

A retrospective review was undertaken in a series of patients who underwent premastectomy reduction mammaplasty or mastopexy followed by nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate staged tissue expander/implant–based breast reconstruction. In each case, a subnipple biopsy was performed at the premastectomy procedure to clear it of any potential malignant involvement. In addition, the area under the areola was undermined to maximize the effect of the delay phenomenon on the eventual survival of the nipple-areola complex. Final reconstruction involved tissue expander exchange for a permanent implant with associated fat grafting. Data regarding surgical timing and selected postoperative complications were recorded.

Results:

In total, 39 implant-based reconstructions were performed in 20 patients. There were no cases of mastectomy flap necrosis, and partial necrosis of the nipple-areola complex with delayed wound healing was seen in two breasts in the same patient. All patients eventually completed the reconstructive process successfully.

Conclusion:

Premastectomy mastopexy or breast reduction may afford a protective effect against mastectomy flap or nipple-areola complex necrosis in patients with large or ptotic breasts who subsequently undergo nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, IV.