bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influenza surveillance in pigs: balancing act between broad diagnostic coverage and specific virus characterization
Authors: Stadler Julia , Zwickl Sophia , Gumbert Sophie , Ritzmann Mathias , Lillie-Jaschniski Kathrin , Harder Timm , Graaf-Rau Annika , Skampardonis Vassilis , Eddicks Matthias
Published: May 2024

Background

Monitoring of infectious diseases on swine farms requires a high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the test system. Moreover, particularly in cases of swine influenza A virus (swIAV) it is desirable to include characterization of the virus as precisely as possible. This is indispensable for strategies concerning prophylaxis of swIAV and furthermore, to meet the requirements of a purposeful monitoring of newly emerging swIAV strains in terms of vaccine design and public health. Within the present cross-sectional study, we compared the diagnostic value of group samples (wipes of surfaces with direct contact to mouth/nose, dust wipes, udder skin wipes, oral fluids) to individual samples (nasal swabs, tracheobronchial swabs) for both swIAV identification and characterization. Sampling included different stages of pig production on 25 sow farms with attached nursery considered as enzootically infected with swIAV. Firstly, samples were analyzed for IAV genome and subsequently samples with Ct-values < 32 were subtyped by multiplex RT-qPCR.

Results

Nasal swabs of suckling piglets and nursery pigs resulted in a higher odds to detect swIAV (p < 0.001) and to identify swIAV subtypes by RT-qPCR (p < 0.05) compared to nasal swabs of sows. In suckling piglets, significant higher rates of swIAV detection could be observed for nasal swabs (p = 0.007) and sow udder skin wipes (p = 0.036) compared to contact wipes. In the nursery, group sampling specimens were significantly more often swIAV positive compared to individual samples (p < 0.01), with exception of the comparison between contact wipes and nasal swabs (p = 0.181). However, in general nasal swabs were more likely to have Ct-value < 32 and thus, to be suitable for subtyping by RT-qPCR compared to dust wipes, contact wipes, udder skin wipes and tracheobronchial swabs (p < 0.05). Interestingly, different subtypes were found in different age groups as well as in different specimens in the same holding.

Conclusion

Although population-based specimens are highly effective for swIAV monitoring, nasal swabs are still the preferable sampling material for the surveillance of on-farm circulating strains due to significantly higher virus loads. Remarkably, sampling strategies should incorporate suckling piglets and different age groups within the nursery to cover as many as possible of the on-farm circulating strains.
EdTechnica: a vision of an educational publishing community of practice that is accessible, flexible, and just
Authors: Allman Bohdana , Kimmons Royce , Dickson-Deane Camille , Bozkurt Aras , Warr Melissa , Stefaniak Jill , Dash Monalisa , Bondah Fanny Eliza
Published: May 2024

Open Educational Resources (OER) and Open Educational Practices (OEP) have the potential to transform and positively impact individuals, institutions, and society. As educators, we have a unique responsibility to explore opportunities and possibilities afforded by openness enabled by current technologies to reimagine and reshape current educational reality and provide a more hopeful and equitable future for all. EdTechnica is an openly licensed living encyclopedia that provides background information on central topics and theories in the field of educational technology. As an OER, EdTechnica extends the 5Rs of openness—retain, reuse, revise, remix, and redistribute by also attending to the 3Rs of social justice—recognition, representation, and redistribution—bringing about a responsive product that reimagines what encyclopedias should be. Additionally, the governing board enacts principles of openness in its practice, striving for OEP in all its activities. This article explores how EdTechnica promotes knowledge creation and academic discourse by attending to key principles of openness in terms of ensuring accessibility, flexibility, justice, and sustainable generosity. Specific examples of OER/P in the EdTechnica context offer an insight into our practices and ambitions to improve the current educational landscape, illustrating what is possible at the intersection of justice, hope, and educational technology when we strive for openness and are guided by the values of sustainable generosity and sustainable improvement.
Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation: a systematic review of application for perioperative pain control in total knee arthroplasty and as treatment for chronic pain in well-appearing total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Nnake Chidebelum O. , El-Othmani Mouhanad M. , Cooper H. John , Shah Roshan P. , Geller Jeffrey A. , Neuwirth Alexander L.
Published: May 2024

Background

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis, yet some patients still experience postoperative pain. Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation (GNRFA) has become a potential modality to address pain in TKA. This systematic review aims to critically analyze the applicability of GNRFA in perioperative pain control prior to TKA, as well as a treatment modality for chronic painful well-appearing TKA.

Methods

PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scopus, and COCHRANE databases, as well as the ClinicalTrials.gov register, were reviewed. The search included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. The sample population focused on two cohorts; those who underwent TKA and utilized intentional GNRFA as a perioperative pain control modality, and those utilizing the treatment modality for chronic pain in well-appearing TKA. GNRFA was the intervention studied, and postoperative outcomes were compared with the control group, which consisted of those not receiving GNRFA.

Result

Eight total publications were identified as relevant to this search. Among the pre-TKA studies, there was variability in results; these inconsistencies were attributed to a lack of standardization, especially with regard to type, timing, and targeted nerves with ablation. Likewise, while the results were improved among the population with chronic painful TKA receiving GNRFA, these inconsistencies still existed.

Conclusions

Current evidence suggests GNRFA as a possible pre-TKA intervention to potentially minimize opioid consumption, patient-reported pain, length of stay, and increased range of motion and activity. However, the short-lived duration in the setting of chronically painful well-appearing TKA represents a major barrier that warrants further investigation. Limitations include small sample size, heterogeneity, lack of standardization of techniques among studies, and lack of direct comparison and meta-analysis. Further research should focus on the standardization of technique as well as analyzing various patient and health-system-related factors that correlate with sustained positive outcomes.
Associations of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism with hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian population
Authors: Abozeid Fatma , Zaki Maysaa , Nagah Wafaa , Ragab Amany , fathy Aya , Elhammady Dina , Ghazy Hayam , Yassen Ahmed , Serria Mohamed , Ammar Omar , Ragab Maha , Nomir Manal
Published: May 2024

Liver serves as a hub for key metabolic pathways such as folate cycle that provides one-carbon units for a network of metabolic reactions. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a rate limiting enzyme in folate metabolism and thus it is vital for DNA methylation, synthesis and repair [1]. The objective of this study was to evaluate an eventual association between MTHFR polymorphisms C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) and the susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egyptian population.

Blood samples from patients and controls from Mansoura university hospital were used after signed consent and approval from Medical ethical committee. The two genetic loci were designed for amplification and genotyped by using PCR–RFLP.

Our results clarify that, the most important predictors for HCC are T/T genotype of variant C677T and C/C genotype of variant (A1298C) with odds ratio 3.28 and 2.99 respectively. Also, MTHFR variant C677T genotype C/C or T/T combined with MTHFR variant A1298C genotype C/C were associated with an increased risk of HCC, with the OR, 2.6 and 7 respectively. CT genotype of MTHFR variant C677T showed significant difference between HCC grades and C allele of variant C677T showed significant difference in BCLC stages of HCC.

Our data indicates that, the two variants (C677T and A1298C) constitute a risk factor for the development of HCC and this could be attributed to the low activities of the enzyme MTHFR that disturb one carbon metabolism and subsequently, DNA synthesis, repair and methylation, thus cellular redox state, growth, and proliferation.
Ukrainian-polish linguistic contacts in the second half of the 16th – the first half of the 17th century
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, Denysiuk Vasyl
Published: May 2024

Ukrainian Polonistics has comprehensive studies tracing UkrainianPolish linguistic contacts over various chronological intervals. Despite this, the «golden» period of Ukrainian culture remains a relevant subject of study, spurred by the penetration of European cultural, architectural, and painting trends and genre-style and lexical enrichment through Polish mediation. This article examines the penetration and functioning of the lexeme сеймъ and its phonetic-graphic variants сеимъ, соимъ and съемъ, which were used in different genre-stylistic affiliations with the same semantics in written Ukrainian monuments from the second half of the 16th to the 17th century. These texts reveal the uneven distribution of this lexeme on Ukrainian linguistic ground, limiting its use to official texts from the Right Bank and works of other genres, including chronicles, poetry, etc., predominantly in the western and northern parts of the Left Bank The initial penetration of the variant соимъ into the Ukrainian language occurred under the influence of legal official texts, particularly the Statutes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as the most authoritative legislative sources that, due to the presence of such a social institution, facilitated the consolidation of this term in the Ukrainian language, which, however, in the 20th century, under the influence of the Soviet government's language policy, shifted into the passive vocabulary. Simultaneously, derivatives сеимикъ and соимикъ penetrated the Ukrainian language, serving to denote regional assemblies where decisions of the corresponding level were made. The words сейм, сеймик, сойм and соймик have been codified in lexicographical works with stylistic differentiation: the variants сойм, соймик are qualified as historicisms. We see research prospects for expanding and deepening the chronotope of the source base for Ukrainian-Polish linguistic contacts.
The ethnoconcept of the wind in the folk rite and world view of ukrainians (on the example of the phraseology of the Middle Polissia)
Authors:   CI ", Dobroliozha Halyna ,   Zhytomyr Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education",   of the Zhytomyr Regional Council, Shunevych Oksana ,   CI "Zhytomyr Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education" of the Zhytomyr Regional Council
Published: May 2024

One of the urgent tasks in the field of modern phraseology is the ethnopsychological and linguocultural analysis of concepts symbolic of the Ukrainian people. An ethno-concept symbolizing one of the most powerful natural elements – wind – was chosen for consideration. The significance of the image of the wind in Ukrainian culture is demonstrated through the prism of folk diversity, but the symbolism of the wind is best revealed in phraseological units, since it is in the semantics and structure of fixed sayings that relict information about traditional ways of managing the economy, customs and beliefs, family relationships and other spheres of life of the Ukrainian people is contained. Phraseologisms are an extremely ancient and powerful layer of language, which is studied according to various aspects (semantic, structural, ideographic, cognitive, stylistic, associative-figurative), but today the conceptual approach to the processing of phraseological units is becoming more and more relevant, because the concept serves to explain units of worldview or mental resources of our consciousness and that information structure that reflects human knowledge and experience; it is an operative unit of memory, mental lexicon, conceptual system and language of the brain, the whole picture of the world, which is reflected in the human psyche. A comprehensive analysis of the ethno-concept of the wind is unconditional evidence of the entry of Ukrainian spiritual culture into the world mythological space.
Expertise Development at Work: A Workplace Curriculum Perspective in the Domains of Sales Representatives and Leadership Coaches in a German Context
Authors: Köhler Daniel Paul , Goller Michael
Published: May 2024

Context: Active engagement and participation in professional practices are an important requirement for expertise development in vocational domains. However, not much is known about how work contexts foster or hinder such expertise development. To further fill this research gap, this study investigates two vocational domains, namely sales representatives and leadership coaches, using the Workplace Curriculum Approach. This approach focuses on three aspects. First, how novices get access to certain tasks. Second, which tasks at work are especially conducive to learning, referred to as pedagogically-rich activities. Third, what knowledge is hard-to-learn through practice alone. By focusing on these three aspects, the Workplace Curriculum Approach helps to understand learning.
 
Method: Eleven highly competent sales representatives and ten highly competent leadership coaches from German organizations participated in an interview study. A thematic qualitative text analysis was applied using deductive and inductive coding.
 
Results: For sales representatives, task sequencing is different across organizations due to structural factors, particularly products, and infrastructure. Ideally, apprentices start by getting to know the customers by selling products on site at a counter and by getting to know the products in the warehouse. challenging interactions with customers on the phone are most conducive to learning. The scope of the product portfolio and the amount of technical knowledge are hard to learn. Leadership coaches are encouraged by peers to start at team leader and smaller team levels before moving on to more senior executives and larger team levels. Weekly team meetings offer important social learning opportunities similar to informal discussions among peers. Methodological and organizational knowledge are hard to learn.
 
Conclusion: Regardless of differences between both domains, the Workplace Curriculum Approach proved useful for analyzing learning and expertise development in the different workplace contexts. The approach proved to be a fairly tangible and easy-to-use tool to investigate how workplaces support expertise development and how workplace learning regimes might be changed to further foster novices’ learning and development. Researchers and practitioners alike can utilize the Workplace Curriculum Approach to analyze learning in different domains in their respective organization. However, individual factors of the learners such as motivation to participate in activities in the workplace are not explicitly included in this approach to investigate professional learning and development. They should be of additional focus in any study interested in vocational expertise development.
Comparative study of reproductive and estrus characteristics of sexed and conventional semen in crossbred cows under field conditions
Authors: Sharma Akshay , Sood Pankaj , Kumar Pravesh , Sharma Pururava , Ahuja Ankit K. , Negi Vijender , Kumar Harish , Sharma Amit K.
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim: Sexed semen (SS), a reproductive biotechnology tool, can alter the sex ratio of offspring in bovines. This study elucidates a comparative analysis of estrus-related parameters influencing conception rate and pregnancy losses under field conditions between conventional and SS.

Materials and Methods: In the present study, artificial insemination with (SS; n = 143) and conventional semen (CS; n = 143) was performed at spontaneous estrus, i.e., 16–18 h after the onset of estrus signs, to analyze their comparative evaluation in terms of conception rates in crossbred cows under field conditions. Different parameters such as age, parity, body condition score (BCS), estrus duration, inter-estrus interval (IEI), diameter of pre-ovulatory follicle (DPOF) at estrus, and cervical mucus properties (pH and spinnbarkeit [SBK]) were recorded for each cow.

Results: The first insemination conception rates for sexed and conventional semen were 55.24% and 63.63% whereas the overall conception rates were 49.14% and 57.37% on days 35 and 75 post-insemination, respectively, with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conception rates between sexed and CS inseminations were statistically significant (p < 0.01), whereas factors such as age, parity, BCS, DPOF, IEI), and SBK value exhibited no substantial variance (p > 0.05) for both types of semen straw.

Conclusion: SS straws yielded a conception rate equivalent to CS straws, with estrus duration being the key factor affecting conception under field conditions.

Keywords: conception rate, crossbred cows, estrus duration, pregnancy losses, sexed semen.
Effects of herbal plant supplementation on rumen fermentation profiles and protozoan population in vitro
Authors: Antonius Antonius , Pazla Roni , Putri Ezi Masdia , Alma’i Muhammad Ichsan , Laconi Erika Budiarti , Diapari Didid , Jayanegara Anuraga , Ardani Laily Rinda , Marlina Leni , Purba Riris Delima , Gopar Ruslan Abdul , Negara Windu , Asmaraicen Sharli , Negoro Putut Suryo
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim: In the livestock sector, particularly ruminants, an approach to minimize methane emissions can be carried out through a feeding strategy involving herbal plants containing bioactive compounds that can reduce protozoa and decrease methane gas emissions. The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the effects of herbal plant supplementation on rumen fermentation, total gas, and methane production, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and protozoa populations within the rumen.

Materials and Methods: Two experiments were conducted in this study. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the most promising herbal plants capable of increasing total gas production and reducing protozoan populations. Three potential herbals selected in Experiment 1 were continued in Experiment 2 as supplements in the palm kernel meal (PKM)-based ration (70% PKM + 30% herbal plants).

Results: Experiment 1 revealed that Eurycoma longifolia (EL), Cola acuminata (CLA), and Cassia alata (CSA) were potential herbal candidates for enhancing total gas production and the percentages of IVDMD and IVOMD. In Experiment 2, supplementation with EL, CLA, and CSA significantly increased IVDMD from 62.84% to 70.15%, IVOMD from 61.61% to 53.18%, and NH3 from 13 mM to 17 mM, as well as reduced partial volatile fatty acids and total gas production. In addition, the methane gas and protozoan populations were reduced.

Conclusion: The utilization of EL, CLA, and CSA effectively increased the production of total gas, IVDMD, and IVOMD while reducing methane gas protozoa populations in rumen fermentation compared with the control.

Keywords: feed digestibility, methane emissions, plant herbs, protozoa.
Effects of feeding pomegranate seed pulp and coconut meal by-products on milk yield, milk quality, and metabolic responses of Awassi ewes and pre-weaning growth
Authors: Obeidat Belal S. , Qadorah Manal H. , Thomas Milton G.
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim: Feeding by-products, such as pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) and coconut meal (COC), to livestock may enhance production efficiency and increase profits. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PSP and COC on milk production, body weight change, metabolic response (Exp. 1), digestibility, and N balance (Exp. 2).

Materials and Methods: Twenty-four ewes nursing single lambs were randomly assigned to one of three diets: Control (CON) (n = 8), 7.5% PSP (n = 8), and 7.5% COC (n = 8) of dry matter (DM). Every sheep was born 3–4 days before the start of the experiment. The 1st week of the experiment was devoted to diet adaptation, while the data were collected during the following 8 weeks (Exp. 1). Nine lambs were randomly assigned to one of the three diets for intensive data collection to evaluate the diet digestibility and animal nitrogen (N) balance (Exp. 2). The data were analyzed using the MIXED SAS procedures.

Results: The PSP group consumed more DM, followed by the COC and CON groups. For lambs, the final BW, total gain, and average daily gain in the PSP group were greater (p < 0.05) than those in the COC and CON groups. The CON group had lower milk output, total solids, protein, fat, and lactose levels than the PSP and COC groups (p < 0.05). The cost of milk production was lower (p < 0.05) in the PSP and COC diet groups than in the CON group. Blood serum parameters were similar among the dietary groups, except for total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein, which were higher in the COC group than in the CON group. No differences were observed in nutrient digestibility and N balance.

Conclusion: Feeding PSP and COC to nursing ewes appears beneficial because it increases milk production and pre-weaning lamb growth and reduces milk production cost.

Keywords: Awassi ewes, coconut meal, milk yield and quality, pomegranate seed pulp.
Bizonyítékokon alapuló gerincsebészet – Egy mítosz alkonya
Authors: Illés S. Tamás
Published: May 2024

A gerincsebészeti ellátás költségei évtizedek óta emelkednek. Emiatt jelentősen
megnőtt a hatékonyság és a minőség-ellenőrzés iránti igény. A bizonyítékokon
alapuló orvoslás olyan tudományos módszer, amely összefüggéseket keres az orvosi
elmélet és a klinikai gyakorlat között az egészségügyi döntések javítása
érdekében. Ez az egyetlen tudományos eszköz, amely az orvosi tevékenység
minőségének javítására szolgál. Közleményünk a bizonyítékokon alapuló orvoslás
hatását vizsgálja a gerincsebészetre. A bizonyítékokon alapuló medicina
elsősorban populációalapú randomizált klinikai vizsgálatokon vagy szisztematikus
irodalmi áttekintéseken alapuló bizonyítékokat határoz meg. A gerincsebészetben
azonban nagy hagyománya van az empirikus, tapasztalaton alapuló kezeléseknek,
így az innováció és a terápiás fejlődés nem véletlenszerű klinikai vizsgálatokon
alapult. A gerincsebészet szempontjából a bizonyítékokon alapuló orvoslás
tekintélyelvű rendszer, amely az egészségügyi finanszírozók dominanciájából
fakad, és a gerincsebészet innovációjának eltűnéséhez vezetett. Háttérbe
szorította az egyéni orvosi mérlegelést. A rendszer nem képes megújulni és a
gerincsebészet fejlődését szolgálni. A betegek szempontjából a gerincsebészeti
ellátás uniformizálása sem nem kívánatos, sem nem lehetséges. Orv Hetil. 2024;
165(20): 763–768.
Dynamics of indicators of oxidant-antioxidant reactions in the postoperative period in patients with disseminated peritonitis
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Bilyayeva O.O. , Karol I.V. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Brovary Multidisciplinary Clinical Hospital, Ukraine, Kryzhevsky V.V. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Osadcha O.I. ,   SI Institute of Haematology and Transfusiology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: May 2024

Purpose - to determine the effect of the developed treatment of patients with peritonitis on the dynamics of indicators of oxidant-antioxidant reactions and to justify the need for the use of the proposed drugs in the complex treatment of peritonitis. Matherials and methods. The study included 124 patients with toxic and terminal stages of peritonitis, who were divided into 3 groups: the Group I included 39 patients in whose complex treatment we included cytochrome C; the Group II included 41 patients whose complex treatment included cytochrome C and a solution containing levocarnitine and arginine hydrochloride; the Comparison group included 44 patients in whom the specified drugs were not used. The content of diene conjugates, reactive oxygen species (ROS), S-nitrosothiols, superoxide dismutase (SOD), carbonyl groups, and sodium nitrite was determined in the patients. Statistical processing of the study results was performed using the Statistical software EZR v. 1.64. Results. In patients of the Group I and the Group II, the use of the proposed treatment contributed to the optimization of oxidant-antioxidant reactions: a decrease in the production of diene conjugates, ROS, S-nitrosothiols, carbonyl groups, sodium nitrite during the study, optimization of SOD production, especially in the Group II. In patients of the Comparison group, decompensation in oxidant-antioxidant reactions was determined, associated with a significant increase in the production of diene conjugates, ROS, S-nitrosothiols and a decrease in SOD during the entire period. These trends developed against the background of an increase in the content of nitric oxide products and the activation of processes associated with the oxidative modification of blood plasma proteins. Conclusions. The use of cytochrome C and a solution containing levocarnitine and arginine hydrochloride in the complex treatment of patients with disseminated peritonitis helps to optimize oxidant-antioxidant reactions, which leads to a decrease in the manifestations of inflammation. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Analysis of early morphological and functional perivulnar changes in the mucosa of the cecum after suturing with different surgical threads
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Bilash S.M. , Pronina O.M. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Ksyonz I.V. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Koptev M.M. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Oliinichenko Ya.O. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Kononov B.S. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The correct choice of suture material is the key to successful treatment in abdominal surgery, particularly pediatric surgery. Given this, experimental studies on the effect of sutures made with different surgical threads are one of the most urgent surgery needs. The aim - to conduct a comparative analysis of early morphological and functional changes in the perivulnar region of the mucosa of the rabbit cecum after suturing with polyglactin-910 and polycaprolactone modified with L-arginine. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 25 rabbits aged 8-10 months in compliance with all bioethical standards and recommendations. The control group consisted of 5 animals; the first experimental group, in which synthetic surgical polyfilamentous absorbable suture polyglactin-910 was used to close the wound defect, and the second experimental group, in which monofilamentous absorbable suture polycaprolactone modified with L-arginine was used to close the wound defect, consisted of 10 rabbits each. All stages of surgical access and sampling of intact cecal wall tissues were performed in the control group. The rabbits of the experimental groups underwent colotomy followed by suturing of the large intestine with appropriate suture material. Each experimental group was divided into two subgroups (5 rabbits in each), in which the condition of the perivulvar region was studied on days 3 and 7, respectively. The animals were not euthanised; during the second operation, tissues of the cecum were taken from the sutured area and the formed scar at the appropriate time. Histological, semi-thin serial sections, electron microscopic, morphometric, and statistical methods were used. Discussion. The average thickness of the cecal mucosa after colotomy increased significantly on days 3-7 when using both surgical threads, but when using polycaprolactone modified with L-arginine, the above indicator was 63.06% and 22.46% lower, respectively, due to a decrease in hyperhydration of the connective tissue component of the mucosa, leukocyte infiltration in the perivulnar area and acceleration of reparative processes. Conclusions. Polycaprolactone modified with L-arginine has a positive effect on the course of morphological and functional processes in the perivulnar region of the rabbit cecum's mucosa. In terms of its characteristics, it is not worse than polyglactin-910. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Surgical treatment of congenital anorectal malformation with rectovesical fistula in boys
Authors:   Center for neonatal surgery for malformations and their rehabilitation SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Dzham O.Р.
Published: May 2024

Congenital rectovesical fistula (RVF) is the most complex variant of anorectal malformations (ARM) in boys, characterized by a fistula connecting the rectum with the bladder. Purpose - to evaluate the results of surgical correction of RVF in children, using a differentiated approach to the diagnosis of this defect, depending on the anatomical options, the clinical course of associated defects, and, based on this, to develop the main tactical requirements for the treatment of this complex congenital ARM in children. Materials and methods. The study included 9 boys: 7 - RVF without pouch colon and 2 - RVF with congenital pouch colon, which accounted for 5.8% of all treated anorectal anomalies (n=154). Results. In patients with RVF without pouch colon: a double-stem disconnecting colostomy was performed in 3 (33.3%) and a double-stem loop colostomy in 4 (44.4%) boys. In children with RVF and pouch colon: a longitudinal, narrowing, stapler coloplasty of the large intestinal "pouch" was performed, with removal of the terminal stoma (n=1); formation of a double-stem disconnecting stoma without separation of the RVF, and at the II stage - elimination of the RVF, removal of the large intestinal «bag» and preservation of the ileostomy - as a permanent, lifelong stoma (n=1). In 7 (100%) patients with RVF without pouch colon at the II stage, abdomino-perineal posterosagittal anorectoplasty with separation of RVF was performed (n=5). At the III stage, 5 patients with RVF without a pouch colon underwent local access stoma closure. At the stages of primary correction of RVF 55.6% (n=5) of children had coloproctological complications. Conclusions. The use of a differentiated approach to diagnosis and methods of anorectoplasty, as well as the use of a complex of rehabilitation treatment in patients with RVF without a pouch colon made it possible to obtain good results in 50% and satisfactory results in 50% of children. Congenital pouch colon - a significant expansion of part or the entire colon already in the fetus, makes it possible to suspect and diagnose this defect in the prenatal period, and to carry out delivery and surgical correction in a specialized perinatal center. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the work. Informed consent of the patients was obtained for the research. No conflict of interests was declared by the author.
The clinical case of diagnosis and treatment of the ovarian teratoblastoma in a child
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Kulyk О.М. , Kalinchuk О.О. ,   Lviv First Clinical Association of the hospital of St Nicholas, Ukraine, Dvorakevych А.О. ,   Lviv First Clinical Association of the hospital of St Nicholas, Ukraine, Karpiv A.I. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Aim: to demonstrate the possibilities of surgical treatment of the child with teratoblastoma at the early stage of detection. Clinical case. The article presents an experience of treatment a child with ovarian teratoblastoma. The anamnesis of the disease was studied. The child has been examined by laboratory (general blood test, biochemical blood test, alpha-fetoprotein, ovarian tumor marker) and instrumental methods (ultrasound diagnostics of internal organs and organs of the lesser pelvis, computer tomography of the organs of lesser pelvis). The patient was consulted by a pediatric gynecologist, urologist and oncologist. Taking into account the results of the study, surgical treatment was prescribed: biopsy of the tumor-like formation and ovaries. Ovarian cystectomy, unilateral operation. A multidisciplinary team was involved in the treatment. The child recovered. Additional treatment is not required. The observation of the pediatric oncologist is recommended. Conclusion. The described clinical case demonstrates the experience of treatment a child with teratoblastoma, which is a rare pathology in childhood and that needs to be remembered. Proper preoperative examination forms the tactic of the treatment. Intraoperative staging is a mandatory component (peritoneal lavage, examination of the contralateral ovary, biopsy of suspicious lesions of the peritoneum and the omentum, revision of the regional lymph nodes). When performing all protocol surveys and confirming the local process only surgical intervention without adjuvant chemotherapy is enough. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent of the child's parents was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
What the UK Sustainable Farm Incentives Mean for IPM
Authors: Walters Keith , Dewar Alan
Published: May 2024

The BCPC Pests & Beneficials Expert Review 2024 was held at NIAB Park Farm, Cambridge. Under the theme of "Maximizing Farm Profitability: How IPM Tools and SFIs Work Hand-in-Hand", the programme brought together expert speakers to discuss the extent to which adoption of the Sustain able Farming Incentives scheme (SFI) (https://www.bcpc.org/events/bcpc-pests-and-beneficials-review-2024) promotes the use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Chairman Andrew Francis, Chief Operating Officer of Team Ag UK, opened the review meeting with a brief background to the current schemes available to growers before introducing the first speaker.
Aplicação do TDABC na avaliação da lucratividade de exames e do nível de ociosidade da tomografia computadorizada do setor de oncologia ginecológica
Authors: Pereira Helcio Mendonça , Wernke Rodney , De Oliveira Ritta Cleyton
Published: May 2024

As neoplasias malignas ginecológicas representam um dos principais fatores de mortalidade em mulheres, sendo os exames de imagem instrumentos importantes para diagnóstico, estadiamento e planejamento cirúrgico. Tais exames são realizados nos Centros de Diagnósticos por Imagens (CDI) que, devido ao uso de tecnologia sofisticada e de mão de obra qualificada, têm alto custo e impactam os sistemas de saúde. Diante desse contexto, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo demonstrar como o TDABC pode ser utilizado na avaliação da lucratividade dos exames e dos patamares de ociosidade existentes no contexto do setor de tomografia computadorizada da unidade de oncologia ginecológica. Para essa finalidade foi utilizada metodologia classificável como qualitativa e descritiva e adotado o formato de estudo de caso, com levantamento de dados por meio de pesquisa documental, entrevistas informais para conhecer o processo e estimativas do tempo de execução das atividades. Os resultados mostraram que os exames executados são deficitários, visto que o custo da prestação desses serviços é superior aos preços pagos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o que acarretou prejuízo total de R$ -79.347,04 no mês. Foram apurados também os patamares de ociosidade das atividades envolvidas, tanto em termos de minutos inativos quanto em valores monetários. Portanto, concluiu-se que a ociosidade total do setor de tomografia pesquisado chegou a R$ 102.932,81 e equivale a 41,62% na média das atividades abrangidas (variando entre 3,66% no caso dos equipamentos e 81,59% em relação à atividade dos enfermeiros). Quanto às contribuições oriundas, cabe destacar que as informações disponibilizadas pelo TDABC podem fundamentar ações visando redução de tempo entre atividades e otimizar o desempenho dos funcionários envolvidos, além de evidenciar a aderência do TDABC no âmbito de entidades que realizam serviços de diagnósticos por imagens. A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que é fundamental a otimização dos processos para reduzir o tempo de exame e aumentar a produtividade, bem como a necessidade de readequação dos valores da tabela SUS para evitar o comprometimento de investimento de recursos em outros setores do hospital.
Application of TDABC in assessing the profitability of examinations and the level of idleness of computed tomography in the gynecological oncology sector
Authors: Pereira Helcio Mendonça , Wernke Rodney , De Oliveira Ritta Cleyton
Published: May 2024

Gynecological malignancies represent one of the main mortality factors in women, with imaging exams being important tools for diagnosis, staging and surgical planning. Such exams are carried out at Diagnostic Imaging Centers (CDI) which, due to the use of sophisticated technology and qualified labor, are expensive and impact health systems. Given this context, this research aims to demonstrate how TDABC can be used to evaluate the profitability of exams and the levels of idleness that exist in the context of the computed tomography sector of the gynecological oncology unit. For this purpose, a methodology classifiable as qualitative and descriptive was used and the case study format was adopted, with data collection through documentary research, informal interviews to learn about the process and estimates of the execution time of the activities. The results showed that the tests carried out are deficient, as the cost of providing these services is higher than the prices paid by the Unified Health System (SUS), which resulted in a total loss of R$ -79,347.04 in the month. The levels of idleness of the activities involved were also determined, both in terms of inactive minutes and in monetary values. Therefore, it was concluded that the total idleness of the tomography sector surveyed reached R$ 102,932.81 and is equivalent to 41.62% on average for the activities covered (varying between 3.66% in the case of equipment and 81.59% in relation to nurses’ activity). Regarding the contributions made, it is worth noting that the information made available by TDABC can support actions aimed at reducing time between activities and optimizing the performance of the employees involved, in addition to demonstrating TDABC's adherence within the scope of entities that perform diagnostic imaging services. From the results obtained, it is concluded that it is essential to optimize processes to reduce exam time and increase productivity, as well as the need to readjust the values in the SUS table to avoid compromising investment of resources in other sectors of the hospital.
Clinical features and management of VEXAS syndrome in critical care: a scoping review protocol v1
Authors: Satoh Kasumi
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study aims to understand the scope and types of evidence regarding the clinical characteristics and management strategies of VEXAS syndrome in critical care settings. Introduction: VEXAS syndrome is a newly identified autoinflammatory disease, first described in 2020, which primarily affects men over 50 years of age. While the mortality rate of VEXAS syndrome is high, ranging from 20-50%, its clinical manifestations are diverse. As a newly discovered disease, the diagnosis and management of VEXAS syndrome pose significant challenges. Although patients with VEXAS syndrome may exist in critical care settings, there is a lack of systematic evidence regarding its diagnosis and management. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a scoping review of VEXAS syndrome in critical care to demonstrate the scope of currently available evidence. Inclusion criteria: The target participants include patients with VEXAS syndrome who require critical care, regardless of age, sex, or disease duration. The concept is to explore the clinical characteristics and management strategies. The context does not restrict patient location, region, race, or gender; all English language literature is considered. Methods: A literature search uses the keyword "VEXAS syndrome" or “Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic” in MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, and Web of Science databases. In the initial screening step, two independent reviewers assessed all titles and abstracts, excluding irrelevant articles. The second screening follows the same inclusion criteria, thoroughly examining full texts.
Nonlinear radiophysics of interstellar flights: macro objects acceleration using electromagnetic radiation
Authors:   Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, Dmitriev Alexander S.
Published: May 2024

We discusses one of the implementations of acceleration, based on powerful artificial radiation, of spacecraft capable of reaching the nearest stars in the constellation Alpha Centauri in twenty to thirty years (i.e., during the active life of one generation of people). The Breakthrough Starshot project (BS, Breakthrough: Starshot) was proposed in 2016. The key new aspects of the project are: 1) the idea of interstellar vehicles of ultra-small dimension, which makes the physical parameters of the project potentially achievable in the foreseeable future; 2) modular construction of the launch system and 3) extension of Moore's law to the development of space technology. As an alternative to the linear “BS” type scheme, a closed ring scheme for laser acceleration of macro-objects is considered below. It is shown to be promising for dramatically reducing the peak requirements for a linear-type micro spacecraft launch.
Noise signals resolution in the random inhomogeneities presence of oceanic environment
Authors:   Prokhorov Institute of General Physics of RAS, Kuz'kin Venedikt M. , Pereselkov Sergey A. ,   Voronezh State University, Grachev Vladimir I. ,   Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, Rybyanets Pavel V. ,   Voronezh State University, Tkachenko Sergey A. ,   Voronezh State University
Published: May 2024

The formation of a hologram of noise signals in a randomly inhomogeneous oceanic environment is discussed. It is shown that a hologram of signals from several sources appears predominantly as a sum of holograms of signals formed by undisturbed and disturbed fields. A method for clearing a hologram from disturbed fields is described. Criteria for signal resolution are proposed. The results of numerical modeling are presented for resolving two signals and estimating the parameters of sources against the background of intense internal waves causing horizontal refraction of sound field modes.
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing: A Quick fix to 5G deployment
Authors:   National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Sharma Nidhi , Ahlawat Priyanka ,   National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Aggarwal Rajesh K. ,   National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
Published: May 2024

Both Static allocation of the frequency spectrum as deployed in 4G-LTE as well as dynamically configured 5G NR physical layer channels does not satisfy the demand of current exponential growth of wireless users. As 5G NR will perform better in Line of Sight (LOS) scenarios while 4G-LTE provides remarkable performance in non-Line of sight (NLOS) scenarios. Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) allows operators to run LTE and 5G NR on the same band simultaneously. This paper illustrates the relationship and working theory of Dynamic Spectrum Sharing to comprehend how the latest 5G standard will result in a substantial improvement in average user throughput and improved network efficiencies. This is an effort to propose a generic framework to initial Deployment of 5G network.
Nonlinear radiophysics of interstellar flights: macro objects acceleration using electromagnetic radiation
Authors:   Институт радиотехники и электроники им. В.А. Котельникова РАН, Дмитриев Александр С.
Published: May 2024

Обсуждается одна из реализаций разгона космических аппаратов на основе мощного искусственного излучения, способных за двадцать-тридцать лет (т.е. за время активной жизни одного поколения людей) достичь ближайших звезд в созвездии альфа-Центавра. Проект Breakthrough Starshot (BS, Прорыв: Звездный выстрел) предложен в 2016 году. Ключевыми новыми моментами проекта являются: 1) идея о межзвездных аппаратах сверхмалой размерности, что делает физические параметры проекта потенциально достижимыми в обозримое время; 2) модульное построение системы запуска и 3) распространение закона Мура на развитие космической техники. В качестве альтернативы схеме линейного типа «BS», ниже рассматривается закрытая кольцевая схема лазерного разгона макрообъектов. Показывается, что она перспективна для кардинального снижения пиковых требований к схеме запуска линейного типа.
New model of the universe evolution
Authors:   Объединенный институт ядерных исследований, Мышинский Геннадий В. , Вишневский Роланд ,   Институт сельскохозяйственной и пищевой биотехнологии, Старостин Виктор И. ,   Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова
Published: May 2024

Представлены эксперименты и свойства низкоэнергетических ядерных реакций. Показано существование новых основных состояний в атоме водорода, ионе гелия и других водородоподобных атомах, находящихся в сильном магнитном поле при появлении третьего пространственного осцилляционного квантового числа. На примере атома трансгелия рассмотрена возможность спаривания атомных электронов в ортобозон. Показана возможность генерации сильных и сверхсильных магнитных полей в космической абсолютной плазме в эпоху Фотонов, в которой электроны рекомбинируют с протонами и ядрами гелия с переходом в трансводородные и трансгелиевые атомы. Трансатомы, объединяясь в трансмолекулы, вступают в многоядерные, безызлучательные, низкоэнергетические реакции. Наступило время постоянного естественного нуклеосинтеза. Нуклеосинтез атомов углерода, азота и кислорода, когда они в подавляющем большинстве были окружены атомами водорода, привел после эпохи Рекомбинации к интенсивному органическому и биоорганическому синтезу, результатом которого стало возникновение жизни и заполнение ею всей Вселенной. Были продемонстрированы низкоэнергетические ядерные реакции, происходящие в звездах. Показана возможность естественного нуклеосинтеза, происходящего на Земле.
Diffraction patterns multiplication from flat geometric fractal objects using the thinning method
Authors:   Институт радиотехники и электроники им. В.А. Котельникова РАН, Фрязинский филиал, Арзамасцева Галина В. , Евтихов Михаил Г. ,   Институт радиотехники и электроники им. В.А. Котельникова РАН, Фрязинский филиал, Лисовский Федор В. ,   Институт радиотехники и электроники им. В.А. Котельникова РАН, Фрязинский филиал
Published: May 2024

Описан алгоритм и изучены особенности мультиплицирования дифракционных картин (то есть спектров пространственных частот, как вычисленных, так и экспериментально полученных) от плоских фрактальных объектов методом прореживания. В качестве основного объекта использовался один подробно описанный и изученный авторами фрактал L-системы, что значительно облегчало интерпретацию полученных результатов.