bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet Measurements
Authors: Ziviani Artur
Published: May 2011

In the mid 90’s, the Internet has started its metamorphosis from a tool restricted to the scientific community into a crucial component of the modern information society. The evolution in the last 15 years from 2,000 to 180,000 active BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) entries as of March 2006 (Smith, 2006) witnesses this metamorphosis and is an indication on how complex Internet has become. Possibly, the most significant consequence of the huge success of the Internet is that the common goal and collaborative spirit that used to guide its players no longer holds because of the large diversity we find in today’s Internet. Users, commercial access providers, governments, telecommunication operators, and content providers usually have opposite interests in using the network, commonly leading to a situation where they co-exist in a tussle (Clark, Wroclawski, Sollins, & Braden, 2002). For instance, large network operators need to be interconnected to obtain and offer universal connectivity, even if they are often fierce competitors. As a result, the heterogeneity and fully distributed administration of the Internet, allied to its extensive geographic coverage and to its dynamism in applications and network traffic, impose great challenges to the characterization of the structure and behavior of the Internet as a whole (Floyd & Paxson, 2001; Spring, Wetherall, & Anderson, 2003a).
Network Survivability in Optical Networks with IP Prospective
Authors: Choi Hongsik , Yang Seung S.
Published: May 2011

Survivability is the ability of the network to withstand faults and attacks including equipment and link failures. The main goal of survivable network is to be able to perform fast recovering at as small cost as possible (i.e., using minimum resources). As wavelength routing network paves the way for network throughputs of possibly hundreds of Tb/s, network survivability assumes critical importance. A short network outage can lead to data losses of the order of several gigabits. Hence, protection, or dedicating spare resources in anticipation of faults, and rapid restoration of traffic upon detection of a fault are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, we will explore the state of the art in network survivability and corresponding network control issues.
The Speech-Enabled Web
Authors: Moser L. E. , Melliar-Smith P. M.
Published: May 2011

Speech recognition and synthesis technology has advanced to the point where the use of voice input and output is now feasible for Web-based applications over the Internet. This article describes applications, standards, and architectures for a speech-enabled Web, or SpeechWeb. The ready availability of mobile devices, such as cell phones and PDAs with wireless access to the Internet but without a conventional desktop keyboard, mouse, and large display, make voice input and output very compelling. Voice input and output for small screen/ keyboard devices, and for hands-/eyes-free situations, is essential to enable the user’s interaction with the device and to make it more user friendly.
Swarm Intelligence Applications for the Internet
Authors: Gutiérrez Sergio , Pardo Abelardo , Kloos Carlos Delgado
Published: May 2011

A swarm may be defined as a population of interacting elements that is able to optimize some global objective through collaborative search of a space (Kennedy, 2001). The elements may be very simple machines or very complex living beings, but there are two restrictions to be observed: They are limited to local interactions; usually the interaction is not performed directly but indirectly through the environment. The property that makes swarms interesting is their self-organizing behaviour; in other words, it is the fact that a lot of simple processes can lead to complex results.
A Taxonomy of Online Game Security
Authors: Park Kuen , Lee Heejo
Published: May 2011

People enjoy playing games for simple pleasure. Recently, since the emergence and advance of the computer technologies, especially in terms of graphic and networking, which enables people to experience virtual world with a computer network they couldn’t ever have imagined (Smed & Hakonen, 2003). In this respect, the popularity of games has roared, which builds up the cultural phenomenon because numerous people are involved in the game forming community.
Transporting TDM Service on Metropolitan Bus-Based Optical Packet Switching Networks
Authors: Nguyen Viet Hung , Atmaca Tülin
Published: May 2011

Today’s telecommunication world is seeing dramatic changes in network infrastructures and services. These changes are mainly driven by the ever-growing rate of network traffic. Global Internet traffic is doubling each year due to both tremendous growth in the number of users and rapid increase of bandwidth accessible by each user (e.g., the Global Internet Geography report (2004) stated that in Asia, Internet traffic growth was about 400 percent in the year 2004). Not only is network traffic growing at an unprecedented speed, but the traffic mix is changing greatly. The traditional voice traffic volume has now become very small relative to the huge volume of data and video traffic, due to the deployment of Gigabit technologies in the access part of the service providers’ networks.
Waking Up Sensor Networks
Authors: Wong Yew-Fai , Kok Trina , Ngoh Lek-Heng , Wong Wai-Choong , Seah Winston K.G.
Published: May 2011

Our natural world is an environment that is highly changes may impact lives on a large scale, such as those caused by a Tsunami, global warming, or global dimming phenomena. Monitoring technologies have improved tremendously over the years in the hope of predicting such events. The manmade world today is also highly complex, and has become increasingly sophisticated. In the same spirit as monitoring systems for the natural world that save lives, technology has also made it possible to monitor structural stress and instabilities within buildings. Target tracking systems (Wong, 2004) using acoustics, passive infra-red, and even other modes, such as chemical compound analysis, are capable of warning against possible attacks by terrorists on our civilized world.
Web Accessibility
Authors: Gay Gregory R. , Salomoni Paola , Mirri Silvia
Published: May 2011

Technologies have been developed to make personal computers accessible to people with disabilities, important for promoting inclusion in everyday life, education, and work. In the 90s, the spread of Internet applications, and specifically of the Web, created a new issue: Would the Web be accessible to people with disabilities? Web accessibility is partially dependent on assistive technologies used by people with disabilities to access their PCs. But, it also depends on whether people with various disabilities can perform specific tasks on their PCs with the help of their assistive technologies. Another dimension of Web accessibility is the responsibility of Web authors, developers, designers, and technologies they use to develop Web content.
Web-Based Information Systems in Construction Industry
Authors: Abdou Alaa , Lewis John , Radaideh Moh’d A. , Al Zarooni Sameera
Published: May 2011

This paper describes the development and construction of a Web-based system for the appraisal stage of public healthcare construction projects in the United Arab Emirates. The system is implemented on the World Wide Web. PHP and MySQL were selected as the scripting language and database management system to build this system prototype. Its main objectives focus on assisting decision-makers in examining different function program alternatives and their associated conceptual budgets. In addition, the system facilitates reflecting uncertainty and risk factors associated with healthcare space programming into cost estimating and forecasting processes.
Open Source Software
Authors: Papin-Ramcharan Jennifer
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents issues that relate to developing countries’ use of open source software (OSS) and the experience of these countries with OSS. Here the terms open source software (OSS), free/libre and open source software (FLOSS) and free software (FS) are used interchangeably. It describes the benefi ts of FLOSS including its superior quality and stability. Challenges to FLOSS use particularly for developing countries are described. It indicates that despite the greater benefi ts to developing countries of technology transfer of software development skills and the fostering of information and communication technology (ICT) innovation, the initial cost of acquiring FLOSS has been the key motivation for many developing countries adopting FLOSS solutions. It illustrates this by looking at the experience of a university in a developing country, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus in Trinidad and Tobago. Strategies for developing countries to benefi t “fully” from FLOSS are presented including the implementation of formal organized programmes to educate and build awareness of FLOSS. The authors hope that by understanding some of the developing country issues that relate to OSS, solutions can be found. These countries could then fully benefi t from OSS use, resulting in an increase in size of the global FLOSS development community that could potentially improve the quality of FLOSS and indeed all software.
Evaluating Open Source Software through Prototyping
Authors: Carbon Ralf , Ciolkowski Marcus
Published: May 2011

The increasing number of high quality open source software (OSS) components lets industrial organizations seriously consider integrating them into their software solutions for critical business cases. But thorough considerations have to be undertaken to choose the “right” OSS component for a specific business case. OSS components need to fulfill specific functional and non-functional requirements, must fit into a planned architecture, and must comply with context factors in a specific environment. This chapter introduces a prototyping approach to evaluate OSS components. The prototyping approach provides decision makers with context-specific evaluation results and a prototype for demonstration purposes. The approach can be used by industrial organizations to decide on the feasibility of OSS components in their concrete business cases. We present one of the industrial case studies we conducted in a practical course at the University of Kaiserslautern to demonstrate the application of our approach in practice. This case study shows that even inexperienced developers like students can produce valuable evaluation results for an industrial customer that wants to use open source components.
Open Source Technology and Ideology in the Nonprofi t Context
Authors: Peizer Jonathan
Published: May 2011

This chapter contextualizes open source development and deployment in the nonprofit sector and discusses issues of ideology that often accompany it. The chapter separates and defines the ideologies of application development, selection and use, describing the different issues and impacts each creates in the nonprofit context. The purpose of the article is to clearly articulate the unique dynamics of application development and deployment in the nonprofit or social value context and where to apply ideological considerations for best effect.
Analyzing Firm Participation in Open Source Communities
Authors: Stam Wouter , van Wendel de Joode Ruben
Published: May 2011

Increasingly, firms participate in OSS communities. However, surprisingly little empirical research has been performed to understand firms’ participation in OSS communities. This chapter aims to fill this gap in state-of-the-art research on OSS. We will discuss and analyze the results from a survey of 90 Dutch high-technology firms that are active in the market for OSS products and services. In the survey we asked the firms what activities in OSS communities they perform. One outcome is that firms’ activities can be grouped into two distinct categories of activities, namely technical and social activities. This outcome is an important contribution to research on OSS that until now has viewed community participation as a uni-dimensional construct. The survey results also suggest that firms view their internal investments in R&D as a complement to their external product-development activities in OSS communities.
An Ambient Intelligent Prototype for Collaboration
Authors: Damjanovic Violeta
Published: May 2011

In this article, we explore the impact of ambient intelligence (AmI) on collaborative learning and experimental environments aiming to point out some new and upcoming trends in the professional collaboration on the Web. The article starts with some introductory explanations of both Web-based and ubiquitous environments. In addition, an overview of the relevant research issues is given. These issues represent the key paradigms on which the conceptual design of the AmIART prototype is based, and embrace the following facets: Ambient Intelligence, online experimenting, and personalized adaptation. The main idea of the AmIART prototype is to give users the feeling of being in training laboratories and working with real objects (paintings, artifacts, experimental components). Then, the AmIART prototype for fine art online experimenting is discussed in the sense of e-collaboration. When online experiments are executed in the Semantic Web environment, remote control of experimental instruments is based on knowledge that comes from domain ontologies and process ontologies (semantic-based knowledge systems). For these purposes, we present the ontology ACCADEMI@VINCIANA, as an example of a domain ontology (professional training domain), as well as the ontology GUMO (general user model and context ontology) that consists of a number of classes, predicates and instances aimed at covering all situational states and models of users, systems/devices and environments. In the following section, a collaborative scenario of using the AmiART prototype is given. The last section contains some conclusion remarks.
Collective Meaning in E-Collaborating Groups
Authors: van Fenema Paul C. , van Baalen Peter J.
Published: May 2011

The objective of this article is to categorize problems of developing collective meaning in e-collaborating groups, and to develop a theoretical analysis of these cases. We draw on a variety of qualitative studies from the areas of human factors, information systems, and organization studies that all focus on e-collaborating groups having difficulty to develop collective meaning. The article distinguishes problems of collective meaning in terms of expression and reflexivity. Next, an evolutionary perspective is developed that is used for analyzing these two categories. The article concludes with future trends relevant for academics and practitioners working in this area.
Evolving Gender Communication Issues in E-Collaboration
Authors: DuBois Cathy L.Z.
Published: May 2011

Much has been written about gender differences in communication. Gender stereotypes propose that men communicate in a direct manner and focus on information; women communicate in an indirect manner and focus on relationships. Tannen (1995) suggests that gender differences in communication contribute to the “glass ceiling.” Further, Eubanks (2000) noted that the Internet and the World Wide Web are actively and aggressively hostile to women. Such discourse fosters gender stereotypes of the past and paints a gloomy picture for women with regard to participation and success in the realm of workplace e-collaboration.
Factors for Effective E-Collaboration in the Supply Chain
Authors: Cox Sharon A , Perkins John S.
Published: May 2011

This article examines the transition from cooperation to collaboration in the supply chain. The manufacturerretail supply chain is analysed from three perspectives: strategic policy, process integration and community practice. Critical success factors for implementing effective e-collaboration in the supply chain are de- fined from the authors experience of action research (Perkins & Dingley, 2001; Cox, Krasniewicz, Perkins, & Cox, 2006). The article concludes by considering the future trends and challenges of e-collaboration in the supply chain.
Interaction Model in Groupware Use for Knowledge Management
Authors: Panyasorn Jessada , Panteli Niki , Powell Philip
Published: May 2011

This article focuses on the use of Lotus Notes, a well-known groupware application studied in the literature for cooperation, because its features cover the broad definition of groupware as technologies providing “electronic networks that support communication, coordination and collaboration through facilities such as information exchange, shared repositories, discussion forums and messaging” (Orlikowski & Hofman, 1997, p. 12). It advances the debate on the potentials of groupware in knowledge management. It posits that although Lotus Notes has been the focus of existing research, a paucity of studies has examined its functionality in relation to knowledge management. Therefore, the authors aim to illustrate the use of Notes for cooperation, which leads to organizational knowledge management.
Managing Intercultural Communication Differences in E-Collaboration
Authors: Zakaria Norhayati
Published: May 2011

This article will be organized as follows: in the first section, I will introduce the phenomenon of globally distributed collaboration, or what I term e-collaboration, to point out the significance of a new working structure—global virtual teams. Next, I will present the research gaps that are identified between cross-cultural management, intercultural communication, and CMC to provide concrete background to the phenomenon. Third, I will highlight the potential cultural impacts on e-collaboration. Fourth, I will provide a conceptual framework of building intercultural communication competencies, with suggestions on how to manage the cultural differences in global virtual teams. Finally, I will conclude the article by providing some managerial and theoretical implications of e-collaboration.
The Role of Leadership in Virtual Teams
Authors: Tyran Kristi M. Lewis , Tyran Craig K.
Published: May 2011

As globalization and the prevalence of electronic communication technology has become more widespread, organizations are adapting and changing at a rapid pace. Many organizations are using “virtual teams” of people working across space and time as an organizational structure to enhance organizational flexibility and creativity in this changing environment (Duarte & Snyder, 1999; Townsend, DeMarie, & Hendrickson, 1998). As virtual teams become a more popular organizational tool, many researchers have begun to explore ways in which the performance of such teams may be enhanced (Cohen & Gibson, 2003). One aspect of teamwork that has traditionally had an important impact on team performance is team leadership. Leaders often facilitate effective task performance within a team. By assigning tasks to individuals with the skills, knowledge and abilities to perform best, as well as structuring the team to best accomplish its tasks, a leader can greatly increase the effectiveness and efficiency of a team (Hooijberg, Hunt, & Dodge, 1997; McGrath, 1984; O’Connell, Doverspike, & Cober, 2002). In addition to task-focused behaviors, leaders also motivate, coach and mentor team members toward higher levels of performance (Bass, 1985; Conger & Kanungo, 1998).
Scenarios for E-Collaboration are Only Part of the Story
Authors: Lau Lydia M.S.
Published: May 2011

This article explores the issue of how human factors can be addressed during the development of e-collaboration systems, in particular at the early stage of design since these systems may require new ways of working. It can be difficult to capture requirements for e-collaboration from existing users for two reasons. Firstly, engaging the potential users in requirements capture can be problematic as those users may not perceive themselves as potential users at the outset and hence not putting themselves forward in any consultation exercise. Even with the interested parties (or stakeholders) identified, they may not understand the full potential of how these new tools help people work more effectively with each other. Hence, requirements capture is a challenge for developing e-collaboration systems.
Supporting Collaborative Processes in Virtual Organizations
Authors: Mejía Ricardo , Peñaranda Nicolás , Molina Arturo , Augenbroe Godfried
Published: May 2011

The expansion of Internet-based tools has opened new opportunities to improve collaborative work through the development of a new generation of tools designed to support e-work and e-collaboration. The concepts of e-work and e-collaboration have been evolved through the increasing demand of collaborative environments to support distributed networked activities. This trend has triggered the development of new Information Technologies in order to enable the collaboration and interaction of product development teams in distributed environments.
Technological Challenges in E-Collaboration and E-Business
Authors: Zhao Fang
Published: May 2011

This article focuses on the most important technological challenges and issues facing e-collaboration and ebusiness in the areas of information flow, procurement, logistics, engineering and manufacturing, marketing, customer services, and human resources. It deals specifically with the process and system alignment and integration as well as the issues of interoperability which have become of primary concerns in the practices of e-collaboration.
Understanding Adverse Effects of E-Commerce
Authors: Sharma Sushil K. , Gupta Jatinder N.D.
Published: May 2011

The Internet heralded an unprecedented evolution in the transformation of all business and communication. The Internet is growing at an annualized rate of 18% and now has one billion users. Due to this growth, e-commerce will continue to grow in next few years. The United States online population is estimated to be 211 million by 2006 and United States online retail sale are estimated at $112.5 billion for 2006. Jupiter Research predicts that online retail sales are expected to grow from $81 billion in 2005 to $144 billion in 2010 (Jupiter Media Metrix, 2006). E-commerce is defined as buying and selling of information, products, and services via computer networks or internet. Internet and electronic commerce technologies are transforming the entire economy; and changing business models, revenue streams, customer bases, and supply chains. New business models are emerging in every industry of the New Economy. In these emerging models, intangible assets such as relationships, knowledge, people, brands, and systems are taking center stage (Hudson, 2000; Verhoest, Hawkins, & Desruelle, 2003). The relationship and interaction of various stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, strategic partners, agents, or distributors is entirely changed (Sharma & Gupta, 2001, 2003; Sharma, 2005).
Brain Computer Interfacing
Authors: Liberati D.
Published: May 2011

In the near future, mobile computing will benefit from more direct interfacing between a computer and its human operator, aiming at easing the control while keeping the human more free for other tasks related to displacement. Among the technologies enabling such improvement, a special place will be held by brain computer interfacing (BCI), recently listed among the 10 emerging technologies that will change the world by the MIT Technology Review on January 19, 2004.The intention to perform a task may be in fact directly detected from analyzing brain waves: an example of such capability has been for instance already shown trough artificial neural networks in Babiloni et al. (2000), thus allowing the switch of a bit of information in order to start building the control of a direct interaction with the computer.
Business and Technology Issues in Wireless Networking
Authors: Wright D.
Published: May 2011

A major development in the enabling technologies for mobile computing and commerce is the evolution of wireless communications standards from the IEEE 802 series on local and metropolitan area networks. The rapid market growth and successful applications of 802.11, WiFi, is likely to be followed by similar commercial profitability of the emerging standards, 802.16e, WiMAX, and 802.20, WiMobile, both for network operators and users. This article describes the capabilities of these three standards and provides a comparative evaluation of features that impact their applicability to mobile computing and commerce. In particular, comparisons include the range, data rate in Mbps and ground speed in Km/h plus the availability of quality of service for voice and multimedia applications.
Context-Adaptive Mobile Systems
Authors: Kaspar C.
Published: May 2011

Currently, the concept of context-awareness and context-adaptation has attracted particular attention in the area of mobile communication. This is largely due to the fact that the obligatory requirement of the devices’ portability leads to certain constraints of mobile devices. Small-sized screens, low data processing capacity, and inconvenient ways of navigation and data entry are some examples for these constraints. To overcome these limitations is particularly relevant in the area of multimedia Internet content and therefore requires the communication to be as efficient as possible. One possible option to reduce the resulting problem of presentation and selection of content on mobile devices is to automatically offer the user only those contents relevant for the concrete situation of the service request. Such services require that the computer can sense the particular situation of the service request and autonomously respond with appropriate actions.
Cross-Layer RRM in Wireless Data Networks
Authors: Gyasi-Agyei A.
Published: May 2011

Scheduling is the dynamic process of allocating a shared resource to multiple parallel users in order to optimize some desirable performance metrics. Metrics of interest include: maximization of system throughput, minimization of packet delay and jitter, and the provision of fairness. Scheduling is a key mechanism in RRM and operates in the medium access control (MAC) layer. Only three things can happen to the transmission medium of a multiuser network: resource hogging, resource clogging, or equitable resource sharing. Without a MAC protocol, the desirable third option can hardly occur. In the following we discuss some general aspects of OS, propose a generalized OS design framework, discuss future trends of OS, and list some open issues in OS design.
Enabling Mobility in IPv6 Networks
Authors: Azzuhri S.
Published: May 2011

With the explosive growth in Internet usage over the last decade, the need for a larger address space is unavoidable, since all the addresses in IPv4 are nearly fully occupied. IPv6 (Deering & Hinden, 1998), with 128-bit addresses compared to IPv4 with 32-bit addresses and other advantages (like auto-configuration and IP mobility), can overcome many of the problems that IPv4 had before. One of the requirements for the modern Internet is IP mobility support. In IPv4, a special router is needed to act as a foreign agent in the visited/foreign network and the need of a network element in the home network known as a home agent for a mobile host. IPv6 does away with the need for the foreign agent and operates in any location without any special support from a local router. Route optimization is inherent in IPv6, and this feature eliminates the triangle-routing (routing through the home agent) problem that exists in IPv4. IPv6 enjoys many network optimizations that are already built in within IPv6.
An Infrastructural Perspective on U-Commerce
Authors: Keegan S. , Byrne C. , O’Hare P. , O’Hare G.
Published: May 2011

U-commerce encompasses concepts that are ubiquitous, universal, unique, and unison. We take this opportunity to explore each of these in some depth.
Integrating Pedagogy, Infrastructure, and Tools for Mobile Learning
Authors: Kennedy D. , Vogel D.
Published: May 2011

In this article the approach adopted for the design of m-learning tools and infrastructure is predicated on the idea that there will be intermittent wireless connectivity with limited bandwidth (e.g., grainy video at best). Students in Hong Kong (like most places) lead busy lives, and access to always-on Internet connections may not be possible or desired. Instead, the concept of flexibility of learning—learning at a time most suitable to the student—is seen as a primary driving factor for our work. What follows is a description of a framework for development of learning tools and institutional infrastructure designed to take advantage mobile devices and the flexibility offered by m-learning.
Location-Based Services
Authors: Hegedüs P.
Published: May 2011

There are several unsolved problems in LBS, in management and low surfaces. Most of them are in quick progress, but some need new developments. The product managers have to take responsibility for the software and hardware research and development part of the LBS product. This is a very important part of the design process, because if the development engineer leaves the product useful out of consideration, the whole project could possibly be led astray. Another import question is that of LBS-related international and national laws, which could throw an obstacle into LBS’s spread. These obstacles will need to be solved before LBS global introduction.The article presents this emerging new area and the many possible management solutions that have not been completely utilized.
Mobile Enterprise Readiness and Transformation
Authors: Basole R.
Published: May 2011

Recent studies claim that mobile information and communication technologies (ICT) offer a plethora of new value propositions and promise to have a significant transformational impact on business processes, organizations, and supply chains (Kornak et al., 2004). However, despite its potential contributions, enterprise adoption of mobile ICT has not been as widespread as initially anticipated. Previous research has argued that successful adoption and implementation of any emerging ICT, such as mobile ICT, often requires fundamental changes across an enterprise and its current business practices, organizational culture, and workflows (Taylor & McAdam, 2004; Rouse, 2006). Hence, in order to minimize organizational risks and maximize the potential benefits of mobile ICT, enterprises must be cognizant of the value of enterprise mobility to their organization and accurately evaluate their level of “readiness” for mobile ICT adoption (Hartman & Sifonis, 2000; Ward & Peppard, 2002). This paper reviews the transformational value and impact of enterprise mobility and explores the critical dimensions for determining an enterprise’s readiness for mobile ICT. Both theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Mobile Learning Environments
Authors: Crowther P.
Published: May 2011

Mobile learning requires a methodology for creating mobile learning scenarios and producing learning objects to implement them. It also requires a technology to deliver the learning objects to users via mobile computing devices such as personal digital assistants, smart phones, and tablet computers. This article will describe both the pedagogic methodology and the technology using the European research project MOBIlearn as an example.
Mobile Phone Gambling
Authors: Griffiths M.
Published: May 2011

It is often claimed by marketeers that online gambling (i.e., the combining of gambling and the Internet into one convenient package) makes commercial sense. Gambling looks like it might make another step towards convenience with the advent of mobile phone gambling. This is gambling on the move, whenever, wherever, with the wireless world of mobile gambling. Since it is somewhat unnatural to always be near a computer, it could be argued that wireless mobile phones are the ideal medium for gambling. Whenever gamblers have a few minutes to spare (at the airport, commuting to work, waiting in a queue, etc.), they can occupy themselves by gambling (Griffiths, 2005a).
Mobile Processes and Mobile Channels
Authors: Chalmers K.
Published: May 2011

Since the late 1990s there has been an explosion of new Internet technologies, making the Internet a primary medium for academic, business, and focus interest groups. As a result, new applications are constantly emerging and evolving. Couple this with the concept of mobility, something that is all around us today, and it can be seen that new applications require vastly different characteristics to those envisioned by the original Internet architects. For example, point-to-point IP traffic was designed to allow stationary parties to communicate, but when one of these parties becomes mobile with a wirelessly enabled mobile device, the original models become more difficult to implement.
Mobile Television
Authors: Hartung F. , Kampmann M. , Horn U. , Kritzner J.
Published: May 2011

This article gives an overview of the main technology and service trends in MobileTV. We start with an overview about existing MobileTV services. We then discuss the various transport options for delivering MobileTV services. At the end we go through some important service layer components.
Patterns for Mobile Applications
Authors: Aleksy M.
Published: May 2011

In this article, we present a pattern-based structure for the development of mobile applications. After a short description of the concept of patterns, we demonstrate how these may be used in the context of the development of mobile applications.
Protocol Analysis for the 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem
Authors: Alam M.
Published: May 2011

In this article, we aim to discuss a few potential areas of the IMS that could be improved to provide better quality of service (QoS).
Ubiquitous and Pervasive Application Design
Authors: Bakhouya M. , Gaber J.
Published: May 2011

The recent evolution of network connectivity from wired connection to wireless to mobile access together with their crossing has engendered their widespread use with new network-computing challenges. More precisely, network infrastructures are not only continuously growing, but their usage is also changing and they are now considered to be the foundation of other new technologies. A related research area concerns ubiquitous and pervasive computing systems and their applications. The design and development of ubiquitous and pervasive applications require new operational models that will permit an efficient use of resources and services, and a reduction of the need for the administration effort typical in client-server networks (Gaber, 2000, 2006).
Wireless Technologies for Mobile Computing and Commerce
Authors: Wright D.
Published: May 2011

This article identifies the capabilities needed for mobile computing and commerce and assesses their technology and business implications. It identifies developments in the wireless networks that can be used for mobile computing and commerce, together with the services that can be provided over such networks. It provides a business analysis indicating which network operators can profitably deploy new networks, and which network operators need to establish business and technology links with each other so as to better serve their customers. The resulting range of next generation service, technologies and network operators available for mobile computing and commerce is identified.
Theories of the Firm
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: May 2011

In this book we need to develop a general understanding of business firms to enable strategic IS/IT planning. We will present the resource-based theory of the firm, the activity-based theory of the firm and the firm in terms of its value configuration. An understanding of firm theories and value configurations is important to later discussions of the topics in the book. The resource-based theory is applied to understand resources needed for e-business, sourcing, and governance. An important resource is knowledge in terms of know-what, know-how and know-why.
Sourcing Management
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: May 2011

An important point is made about how strategy was absent from early e-business attempts. The first part of this book described how strategy might be present. To establish and maintain a distinctive strategic positioning, an organization needs to follow six fundamental principles concerned with right goal, value proposition, value configuration, trade-off, fit, and continuity (Porter, 2001). One of the strategic choices often overlooked is concerned with IT sourcing. IT sourcing decisions are influenced by trade-off, fit, and continuity principles. IT sourcing is related to the previously discussed topics in various important ways. First, the resource-based theory influences the choice of sourcing options, as sourcing is dependent on the availability of IT resources from internal and external sources. Second, e-business has specific requirements for IT infrastructure services depending on e-business models, and these requirements will typically be met through sourcing of IT services. Furthermore, decisions concerning IT sourcing belong in the strategic IS/IT planning process at the middle stages of the Y model. Finally, while e-business represents an answer to the question “what” the organization wants to do, sourcing represents an answer to the question “how” the organization can do it. More and more companies move into IT sourcing combinations that require proactive management, leading to an increased need for IT governance. This is the topic of the third and final part of this book.
Case Studies
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: May 2011

The primary learning objective of this term paper assignment is to enable you to practice the application of various techniques that are used in the process of developing an IS/IT strategy for an organization. Each of these techniques will be discussed in detail during the face-to-face class sessions with the professors, and they are also described in the textbooks for the course.
Introduction to Optimal KM/WM Systems
Authors: Thierauf Robert , Hoctor James
Published: May 2011

To explore the importance of the question, what needs to be done, for today and tomorrow • To examine the difference between conventional wisdom versus a wider view of wisdom • To take a look at the “big picture” when taking a holistic approach within an optimal KM/WM system environment • To examine two successful applications of optimal KM/WM systems as found in organizations today
Quality Management Practices Regarding Statistical and Financial Data in China
Authors: Yu Zhenguo , Wang Ying
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents a survey into quality management practice regarding statistics and financial data in China. As a fast-developing country, China is experiencing a significant reform in the decision mechanism, and it causes the changing of quality requirement for information and the necessities of total quality management for information. In this chapter we first talk about the understanding progress of the information quality in China, point out that the veracity of information is more sensitive in China, then we present the practice of China’s quality management in social, organizational and technological arenas.
Automating Government Cross-Agency Processes Using Web Service Orchestration
Authors: Gortmaker Jeffrey , Janssen Marijn
Published: May 2011

In response to the demand for better service provisioning, governments from all over the world are looking for technologies to automate their cross-agency processes. This chapter investigates the applicability of web service orchestration for the automation of governmental cross-agency service delivery processes by investigating a case study of a business counter. Our case study shows that web service orchestration using BPEL4WS is a feasible technology for automating governmental cross-agency service-delivery processes, but also shows a gap between the capabilities of web service orchestration technology and the organizational arrangements that are needed for automating the processes. We identified three organizational issues that at least need to be addressed before governments can profit fully from the advantages of web service orchestration technology: (1) Ensuring correct and in-time execution of business processes (2) Information sharing and (3) Responsibility and accountability
Moving Towards E-Government in a Developing Society
Authors: Ifinedo Princely
Published: May 2011

The use of information communication technologies (ICT) in governance is growing rapidly in many parts of the world. Developing countries in Africa are also making efforts to harness the new technology. In this chapter, we review the problems, progress, and prospects of e-government in Nigeria, a sub-Saharan African (SSA) country. Governments in the developing countries of SSA can benefit from e-government initiatives, as do their counterparts in advanced nations, when the concept of e-governments in SSA is understood, and concerted efforts are committed towards institutionalizing it in the region. This chapter provided useful insights in this regard. We discussed the contribution of the chapter to information systems (IS) research, and we highlighted the lessons from Nigeria for comparable nations in the SSA region as they prepare for e-government.
Reflections
Authors: Basden Andrew
Published: May 2011

The reason we have been content to emerge with five answers rather than trying to find a single over-arching one -- or, contrariwise, to sink into a morass of subjectivism that disallows any answer to an ’is’ question from being substantive -- is because we have employed the radical philosophical approach of Herman Dooyeweerd. As mentioned at the start of chapter 2, Dooyeweerd was an unusual philosopher in that, rather than merely trying to formulate philosophical theory, he tried to ’clear away’ what keeps us from seeing the structure of reality as it presents itself to us in the everyday attitude.
From Strategy Definition to Product Derivation Using a Scenario-Based Architecting Approach
Authors: Ionita M. , America P. , Hammer D.
Published: May 2011

Mass customization is a business strategy that aims at satisfying, in a timely and cost-effective manner, the various needs of different customers. For that purpose, a system architecture is needed that supports two different kinds of variability: Variability in space provides a range of different products where each addresses the specific needs of an individual customer; and variability in time allows the products to evolve and thus meet new requirements. In defining such an architecture, two issues should be considered. One is how to anticipate the most likely changes in the external business environment, and hence in the customers’ future needs. The other is whether the architecture can address these changes effectively. This chapter presents a set of scenario-based methods and techniques to support the development of system architectures that are more future-proof, and also are advantageous for mass customization. These methods and techniques have originally been developed for highly-customized professional systems, in particular medical imaging equipment.
Mass Customisation of Services and Processes Based on Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
Authors: Kardaras D. , Karakostas B.
Published: May 2011

This chapter draws on the theory of fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) to propose a modelling approach for mass customisation (MC) of services. The proposed model integrates concepts from service quality and customer preferences with business process and IT capabilities models. The model presented in this chapter is, to the best of our knowledge, the only fuzzy service model for MC that provides the means to consider the business objectives for service customisation, associate them with specific business areas, and suggest opportunities for MC. In contrast to other service designs and management approaches, the proposed model is dynamic, exhibits flexibility and responsiveness to environmental changes and customisability to specific organisational contexts, and allows the development of planning scenarios.
Kernel Methods
Authors: Cristianini Nello , Shawe-Taylor John , Saunders Craig
Published: May 2011

During the past decade, a major revolution has taken place in pattern-recognition technology with the introduction of rigorous and powerful mathematical approaches in problem domains previously treated with heuristic and less efficient techniques. The use of convex optimisation and statistical learning theory has been combined with ideas from functional analysis and classical statistics to produce a class of algorithms called kernel methods (KMs), which have rapidly become commonplace in applications. This book, and others, provides evidence of the practical applications that have made kernel methods a fundamental part of the toolbox for machine learning, statistics, and signal processing practitioners. The field of kernel methods has not only provided new insights and therefore new algorithms, but it has also created much discussion on well-established techniques such as Parzen windows and Gaussian processes, which use essentially the same technique but in different frameworks.
Kernel Methods in Genomics and Computational Biology
Authors: Vert Jean-Philippe
Published: May 2011

Support vector machines and kernel methods are increasingly popular in genomics and computational biology due to their good performance in real-world applications and strong modularity that makes them suitable to a wide range of problems, from the classification of tumors to the automatic annotation of proteins. Their ability to work in a high dimension and process nonvectorial data, and the natural framework they provide to integrate heterogeneous data are particularly relevant to various problems arising in computational biology. In this chapter, we survey some of the most prominent applications published so far, highlighting the particular developments in kernel methods triggered by problems in biology, and mention a few promising research directions likely to expand in the future.
Support Vector Machine for Recognition of White Blood Cells of Leukaemia
Authors: Osowski Stanislaw , Markiewicz Tomasz
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents an automatic system for white blood cell recognition in myelogenous leukaemia on the basis of the image of a bone-marrow smear. It addresses the following fundamental problems of this task: the extraction of the individual cell image of the smear, generation of different features of the cell, selection of the best features, and final recognition using an efficient classifier network based on support vector machines. The chapter proposes the complete system solving all these problems, beginning from cell extraction using the watershed algorithm; the generation of different features based on texture, geometry, morphology, and the statistical description of the intensity of the image; feature selection using linear support vector machines; and finally classification by applying Gaussian kernel support vector machines. The results of numerical experiments on the recognition of up to 17 classes of blood cells of myelogenous leukaemia have shown that the proposed system is quite accurate and may find practical application in hospitals in the diagnosis of patients suffering from leukaemia.
On the Pre-Image Problem in Kernel Methods
Authors: Bakir Gökhan , Schölkopf Bernhard , Weston Jason
Published: May 2011

In this chapter, we are concerned with the problem of reconstructing patterns from their representation in feature space, known as the pre-image problem. We review existing algorithms and propose a learning-based approach. All algorithms are discussed regarding their usability and complexity, and evaluated on an image denoising application.