bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF BUSINESS ENTITIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Kiselev Rem O.
Published: October 2023

The object of research in the article is the process of digital transformation. The subject of the research is the innovative potential in the context of digital transformations. The purpose of this study is to determine the components of the innovative potential of business entities in the context of digital transformation. As a result of the study, it was substantiated that the development of innovative potential in the context of digital transformation is possible by applying a strategy for developing innovative potential in the context of digital transformation. The main stages of the strategy for developing the innovative potential of economic entities in the context of digital transformation include defi ning the goal, the necessary choice of digital tools to achieve the basic principles, and, of course, obtaining the result itself, taking into account the interaction of the components of the innovative potential of economic entities. The importance of determining the goals of digital transformation for the development of innovative potential, the achievement of which will be facilitated by digital tools that will lead to the formation of the basic principles of digital transformation and ensure the achievement of results through the implementation of the innovative potential of business entities, as well as the interaction of the components of innovative potential in the context of digital transformation with taking into account the innovative activity of business entities. Among the main digital components of innovative development, the following are highlighted: the digitalization of society, the digitalization of business processes and management systems. The results and conclusions of this study can be used in managing the digital transformation of economic activity.
BACKGROUND AND PROCESS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE BANKING SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Kapkaev Yuner Sh. , Zainashev Eldar M. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Kadyrov Pavel R. ,   Chelyabinsk State University
Published: October 2023

The article clarifi es the terms digitalization and digital transformation based on the experience of transforming the processes of credit institutions in Russia and research from foreign companies leading developments in the fi eld of information technology. By studying statistical data on the development of information technologies and the banking services provided, the prerequisites for digital transformation and the current state of the banking sector of the Russian Federation were determined. It was also determined that the introduction of fi nancial technologies represents fi nancial services and services aimed at introducing current tools for digitalization of the fi nancial sector into banking business processes, such as innovative technologies, big data, neural network algorithms, machine learning and artifi cial intelligence, cloud solutions and many other. It has been revealed that the development of financial technologies forms the basis for innovation-oriented development of the fi nancial sector, pursuing the goals of introducing unifi ed fi nancial ecosystems, transition to the latest formats for the provision of fi nancial services, and integration of promising start-up projects with innovative signifi cance and uniqueness. Based on the results of the study, prospects for the development of fi nancial technologies in the context of sanctions restrictions are formed, in particular, the continued development of trends in the popularization of the latest fi nancial technologies and the introduction of ecosystems, import substitution of technologies and overcoming the challenges of digital transformation of the banking sector, improvement of security issues, including through eff ective legal regulation from the regulator.
APPROACHES TO MONITORING THE EFFECTS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Dubrovsky Valery Zh. , Zinatullina Elza R. ,   Greif Russia LLC
Published: October 2023

Among the priority tasks of the Russian industrial policy, the achievement of the goals of digital transformation occupies a priority place. At the same time, it is obvious that its solution directly at industrial enterprises cannot take place except as part of the management of a whole range of technological and organizational changes, accompanied by regular diagnostics and analysis of the state of digitalization processes. The article introduces scientifi c results that generally increase the objectivity of the economic assessment of the results of the introduction of digital solutions and technologies, as well as the validity of the choice of promising areas for the digitalization of industrial enterprises. The novelty of the presented research lies in the substantiation and formulation of provisions expressing new knowledge about the phenomenon of digital transformation of an enterprise, as well as the essence of the author’s concept of monitoring the eff ects of digital transformation of the business model of a large industrial enterprise.
OPPORTUNISTIC BEHAVIOUR IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Pletnev Dmitri A. , Zabelina Ekaterina V. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Dvinin Dmitriy Yu. ,   Chelyabinsk State University
Published: October 2023

The study of economic and behavioral factors of rational environmental management and environmental conservation is of fundamental importance for achieving national development goals and the eff ective response of Russian society to the great challenges facing it. The article presents the results of systematization of modern research, which can become the basis for studying the phenomenon of behavioral opportunism in the fi eld of environmental management. Various approaches to determining the essence and forms of opportunism are considered, attention is paid to the problem of its measurement, including the original approach of one of the authors. A review of the theory of opportunism as a socio-psychological phenomenon is given. The connection between opportunism in the fi eld of environmental management and the theory of sustainable development is shown. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between behavioral opportunism in the fi eld of environmental management and corruption. The conducted research lays the foundation for an interdisciplinary (economic-ecological-psychological) project to study the factors of opportunistic behavior in the fi eld of environmental management.
FEATURES OF ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Authors:   Higher School of Industrial Policy and Entrepreneurship, Russian University of Peoples’ Friendship, Zhaoyu Chen
Published: October 2023

This article presents an analysis of modern approaches to assessing the economic effi ciency of corporate governance, highlights the factors of corporate management effi ciency, and also considers the concept of the category “effi ciency” from the standpoint of various researchers. The economic effi ciency of corporate governance is considered in the context of functional management subsystems. In particular, the paper presents the author’s idea of the indicators of economic effi ciency of production management in terms of the productivity of the use of all working and fi xed production assets. A selection of indicators characterizing the eff ectiveness of the use of industrial production and management personnel, as well as the company›s own and borrowed sources of fi nancing, is proposed. The stages of the assessment were determined and a system of balanced indicators of economic effi ciency in the corporate management system was formed.
FACTOR OF ETHNO-CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNITED STATES
Authors:   Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P. A. Kostychev, Minat Valerij N.
Published: October 2023

The regional development of one of the largest federations in the world — the United States of America, which is distinguished by the extreme diversity of the population and human potential of various territories and the uneven development of the economy — is historically influenced by the factor of ethnocultural diversity. In recent decades, American federalism has been characterized by a qualitatively “new” trend associated with the regionalization of social and economic relations in the context of regional systems. Based on a theoretical and methodological review of existing studies on the relationship between economic development, ethno-demographic heterogeneity and cultural evolution in the United States, using the necessary econometric methodological support, both theoretical and a number of empirical regression models were constructed. The specifi cation and analysis of the modeling results made it possible to put forward and reasonably confirm hypotheses that refl ect the differentiation of the factor of ethnocultural diversity in the regional development of the United States depending on the mutual influence of concomitant factors, the increasing role of the cultural component and the need to determine the optimal level of ethnocultural diversity for the regions of the country that have retained or are gradually changing their socio-economic genotype. It has been established that the program regulation of regional development in order to equalize the incomes of the population of various ethnic groups, carried out within the framework of the state regional policy of the United States, is largely selective in nature and is generally successful in the retrospective period.
ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ ИДЕОЛОГЕМЫ «ПОСТСОВЕТСКОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО» В РОССИЙСКИХ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ МЕДИАТЕКСТАХ: НОСТАЛЬГИЯ И ПРАГМАТИКА
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President B.N. Yeltsin, Amirov Valery M. , Kolchin Denis S. ,   Interfax news agency
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the functioning of the ideologem “post-Soviet space” in the materials of political journalism. The article contributes to the development of scientific understanding of the practice of using propaganda terms in journalistic texts, which is an urgent problem of modern philology, which actively studies the penetration of aspects of propaganda into publications on foreign policy. The theoretical basis for the study was the work of Russian philologists on the mediatization of political events, the functioning of ideologues in media texts. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the ideologization of the term “post-Soviet space,” defines and characterizes the specific features of the functioning of this ideologem in the texts of Russian print and online publications devoted to political issues. The empirical basis of the study was more than 100 publications of Russian socio-political media. Factors affecting the functioning of the ideologem are highlighted: political, military, economic, socio-cultural. The abstracts of the article are illustrated by examples from publications. Based on the analysis, conclusions were made about the goals that journalists pursue by integrating the ideologue of the “post-Soviet space” into their political materials. The results obtained prove the influence on the transformation of the ideologem of various factors: political, economic, military, ethno-national and others. One of the important results is the consideration by the authors of the article of the mediatization process as introducing events of a political and military-political nature into the information agenda of society, a family, specifically taken by a person who are not directly related to such reality. The authors come to conclusions about the “nostalgic” and pragmatic nature of the ideologem “post-Soviet space,” depending on the purposes of the texts in which it is used by journalists.
JOURNALISM: SEARCHING FOR ANSWERS TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE TIME
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, Raspopova Svetlana S. , Merkacheva Eva M. ,   Moscow International University
Published: October 2023

The article discusses the factors contributing to the emergence of journalism as a professional activity and a social institution from the appearance of the Gutenberg machine tool to modern information technologies. This shows the close connection between journalism and mass communications. Professional and ethical standards of journalism are considered as a necessary condition for its functioning, going beyond which threatens the death of the profession. Journalism is presented as an institution, the full functioning of which is possible only in a democracy, where it is able to perform the functions of social management and be regulated by ethical standards developed by the professional community. The purpose of the article is to identify the contradictions that exist in theoretical approaches to understanding the nature of journalism and its public mission, as well as to consider the role of information technology and modern means of communication in managing public life when journalism loses its “authority”. The key theoretical basis of the study is the provision on the “double” nature of journalism, developed in the works of E. P. Prokhorov, G. V. Lazutina, who explain the current situation with the peculiarities of the social development of journalism. The research methods included a theoretical and conceptual synthesis of the works of researchers devoted to the history and theory of the media and journalism. Among the results of the study, we include the concretization of the conditions under which journalism can perform “double” tasks caused by its “double nature”: somehow freedom and autonomy from the forces of influence. In a democracy, journalism is able to participate in the management of public life, report information about real events and exercise self-regulation. But when the authorities put journalists in a subordinate position, journalism goes into the “underground” zone and cannot be a public good. New media and modern means of communication give modern journalism a chance to maintain its social status even under the most negative scenario for the development of society. Media freelance is presented in the article as a way of autonomous functioning of the media, which allows modern journalists to be independent of the authorities in the implementation of professional tasks. At the same time, the creation of information products outside of editorial teams brings us back to the traditions of “personal journalism” of the Enlightenment, when journalism was not a social institution and did not control the life of society. The development of information technologies, which led to a change in the way of life of people and the scope of their professional activity, today’s socio-political realities indicate a change in the position of journalism in Russia, one of the most important social institutions.
MEDIA LAW LITERACY AS A NEW COMPETENCE IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Donskikh Anna G.
Published: October 2023

The author of the article considers a new competence of an individual in the digital environment – medialaw literacy. The purpose of this article is to identify the main features of the concept, the areas of application of medialaw literacy and consider the tools that allow to get a new competence. Medialaw literacy is an area of intersection of such concepts as legal, digital and media literacy, the interrelated components of which form an independent competence of a modern person in a mediatized environment that meets the new challenges of modernity. The research methodology is based on scientific works in the field of media education, digital and legal literacy, the results of sociological research, court decisions, regulatory documents. The author comes to the conclusion that medialaw literacy is at the same time a universal competence necessary both for everyday interaction with the world of media and for the professional activity of an individual, an effective tool for countering threats to the digital environment and a means of resolving contradictions between the accelerated development of new technologies and the shortcomings of their legal regulation. Medialaw literacy, the assimilation of which should be carried out by a multidirectional and multi-level education system, contributes to the formation of knowledge in the field of media direction, the ability to apply them in the process of interaction with the media environment, understanding the value of human rights in both offline and online environments, the formation of media direction culture.
Development and Validation of UV-Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Vinpocetine in Marketed Formulation and Nanoformulation
Authors: Kumar HB Chethan , Kurangi Bhaskar , Soudagar Moazzim , Chimagave Supriya , Patil Swapnil
Published: October 2023

A quick, accurate, and cost-effective UV spectroscopy method was developed to estimate the Vinpocetine concentration in bulk, tablet dosage formulations and niosomes formulations, using a solvent ratio of (6:4) methanol: water. According to ICH guidelines, the proposed technique was validated and developed. In spite of linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, LOD, and LOQ, like parameters were validated by using UV/visible spectroscopy technique to analyze a spiked Vinpocetine solution. The wavelength at which the drug's maximum absorbance peak was obtained at 274 nm and the solvents used as methanol: water (6:4 w/v). The ethanol injection technique was used to prepare niosomes to analyze Vinpocetine in UV / visible spectrophotometric method.During the inter and intra-day studies, it was discovered that the developed UV technique was accurate, with % relative standard deviation ranging from 0.27 to 0.46 and 0.26 to 0.46, respectively. Vinpocetine overall recovery percentage was discovered to be between 98.42 to 99.82 %. LOQ and LOD were calculated to estimate the method's sensitivity, and they were observed to be 0.4565 µg/ml and 0.1506 µg/ml, respectively. The estimation of Vinpocetine content in bulk form, marketed formulations and niosomes was achieved using the developed methodology. : A quick, accurate, and economical UV spectrophotometric method has been developed. As a result, the suggested UV spectroscopic technique has been developed to estimate the vinpocetine concentration in bulk, tablet dosage formulations, and niosomes formulations.
Anais do I Simpósio do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração e Controladoria
Authors: Pinho Ana Paula Moreno , Oliveira Felipe Moura , Barros Ana Cristina Pacheco de Araújo , Cordeiro Igor Lopes
Published: October 2023

É com grande satisfação que apresentamos os Anais do I Simpósio do Programa de PósGraduação em Administração e Controladoria (I SIMPPAC), realizado nos dias 10 e 11 de outubro de 2023. Este evento marcou um momento singular em nossa jornada acadêmica, reunindo mais de 20 palestrantes, painelistas e expositores de renome, além de contar com a participação de mais de 130 inscritos, entre docentes, discentes, pesquisadores e profissionais da área. O I SIMPPAC foi concebido como um espaço de compartilhamento de saberes e experiências, com o intuito de promover um ambiente propício para a discussão e reflexão sobre temas relevantes no âmbito da Administração e Controladoria. Durante esses dois dias de intensas atividades, testemunhamos uma troca enriquecedora de conhecimentos acadêmicos e científicos, que contribuiu para o fortalecimento do diálogo entre os participantes e o aprimoramento de nossa área de estudo. Destacamos que o I SIMPPAC contemplou a submissão de trabalhos científicos, resultando em uma seleção criteriosa que proporcionou apresentações de alta qualidade. Os debates e as discussões decorrentes dessas apresentações enriqueceram o evento e ampliaram as perspectivas de pesquisa e prática no campo da Administração e Controladoria. Ao longo desses dois dias, temas fundamentais foram abordados, desde inovação e gestão estratégica até questões de controladoria e finanças, refletindo a diversidade e a profundidade de nossos interesses acadêmicos. A colaboração entre pesquisadores, professores e profissionais demonstrou o comprometimento de todos com o avanço do conhecimento e a aplicação prática de nossos estudos. Agradecemos imensamente a todos os envolvidos – funcionários administrativos e docentes do Programa de Pós-graduação em Administração e Controladoria Acadêmico e Profissional, palestrantes, painelistas, expositores, participantes, comitê organizador e instituições apoiadoras - por tornarem o I SIMPPAC um evento memorável e significativo. Esperamos que esses Anais contribuam para disseminar o conhecimento gerado durante o simpósio e inspirem futuras pesquisas, projetos científicos e práticas inovadoras em Administração e Controladoria. Que o I SIMPPAC seja apenas o começo de uma jornada contínua de aprendizado, colaboração e excelência na nossa comunidade acadêmica. Saudações cordiais, Ana Paula Moreno Pinho Coordenadora do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração e Controladoria - PPAC Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC
A Practical Guide to Costume Mounting
Authors: Flecker Lara
Published: October 2023

The effective preparation of garments for display is essential for exhibitions of contemporary and historical dress. Costumes not only need to be visually appealing but also fully supported and historically accurate. This book provides a comprehensive guide to mounting costumes from the eighteenth century to the present day. It includes methods for adapting and shaping figures to create historical silhouettes, constructing underpinnings and making replicas and toiles using inexpensive and simple techniques. A Practical Guide to Costume Mounting is an invaluable resource for conservators, historians and all those working with clothing in museums, private collections and throughout the fashion and theatre industries.

Trained as a historical costume maker, author Lara Flecker is the textile display specialist at London’s Victoria and Albert Museum. She has worked extensively with the museum’s world-class costume collection, preparing garments for display. Her simple mounting methods are clearly explained and can be used by people with a wide range of experience, including those with few sewing skills.
Fashions in Makeup
Authors: Corson Richard
Published: October 2023

In this highly praised volume, Richard Corson chronicles the pursuit of beauty from Ancient Egypt to the present day. Concentrating mainly on makeup traditions of the Western world, with some examples from other countries included for comparison. Corson describes the cosmetics with which men and women have decorated their faces, how they have applied them, and what they looked like as a result.

It is an essential reference for students, makeup artists, costume designers, actors, illustrators, beauty consultants, social historians and all those interested in the use and application of cosmetics. Fashions in Makeup: From Ancient to Modern Times also makes fascinating reading for all those more generally interested in the subject.
Forties and Fifties Fashion for the Stage
Authors: Parr Jessica
Published: October 2023

Forties and Fifties Fashion for the Stage: Patterns from Vintage Clothing provides instruction on how to recreate fashion from the 1940s and 1950s that withstands the vigorous demands of theatrical stage use. This book provides historical context for the clothing and features authentic patterns taken from real vintage pieces. Forties and Fifties Fashion for the Stage demonstrates how to construct a durable costume from scratch, and how to adjust patterns to fit an individual's measurements. The book also contains a number of “How To Fake It” chapters with advice on thrifting and how to create period fashion using today's clothing. Both men's and women's fashions and patterns are featured, including formal and casual wear.
Clothing through American History
Authors: Stamper Anita , Condra Jill
Published: October 2023

Learn what men, women, and children have worn—and why—in American history, from the deprivations of the Civil War through the prosperous 1890s.

In Clothing through American History: The Civil War through the Gilded Age, 1861–1899, authors Anita Stamper and Jill Condra provide information on fabrics, materials, and manufacturing; a discussion of daily life and dress; and the types of clothes worn by men, women, and children of all levels of society. The volume features numerous illustrations, helpful timelines, resource guides recommending Web sites, videos, and print publications, and extensive glossaries.

Among the many topics discussed include:

• The hours that middle class women of the nineteenth century spent making clothes for themselves and their families

• The plain, rough clothes assigned to slaves to ensure that they did not enhance their appearance and their later trouble in buying clothes after emancipation

• The Bloomer dress reform movement in the mid to late 19th century, where women who adopted loose, baggy trousers for practicality were called evil and unnatural

• The beginnings of clothing and department stores
20th Century Dress in the United States
Authors: Farrell-Beck Jane , Parsons Jean
Published: October 2023

The 20th Century was a fast-paced race into modernization — but how did it affect what we wear? From revolutionary politics to the new machine age, from war and depression to growth and prosperity, 20th-Century Dress in the United States shows how fashion goes hand-in-hand with history. The authors examine American dress from 1898 to 2004 and find innovation at every turn. Diversity and complexity are key: far from the fashion stereotypes embodied by popular ideas of "the Twenties" or "the Sixties" — periods noted for their youthful upheaval and influence — we see how every era has its conformists and rebels, from the Arrow Collar Man and the Gibson Girl to flappers, bell-bottom-clad hippies, and Jackie Kennedy. Each chapter explores the social, cultural, economic, artistic, and technological themes that shape fashion in both festive and everyday clothing. Changes in retailing and manufacturing are also examined, from the sweatshops of yesterday to the Internet shopping of today. From high fashion to low, glitz to grunge, this vivid and comprehensive book explains what we wear on our backs — and why.
Effect of the Skill, Gender, and Kick Order on the Kinematic Characteristics of Underwater Undulatory Swimming
in the Dorsal Position
Authors: Veiga Santiago , Qiu Xiao , Trinidad Alfonso , Ertas Dolek Buru , De la Rubia Alfonso , Navarro Enrique
Published: October 2023

Backstroke swimmers display the greatest contribution of underwater kicking during the swimming race distances, but, surprisingly, there is little evidence of how kicking kinematics in the dorsal position should be performed. The aim of the present study was to examine the kinematic characteristics of competitive swimmers during underwater undulatory swimming in the dorsal position, with special attention to the swimmers’ gender, the level of skill, and kick order. Forty-one national-level swimmers (27 females and 14 males) were filmed from an underwater lateral view while performing a 25-m backstroke from a push start, and they were divided into fast and slow groups according to their kicking velocity. Direct linear algorithms were employed to reconstruct the two-dimensional kinematic characteristics of the first and final kicks of the underwater section. There were no differences between males and females in kicking performance when data were normalised to the swimmers’ height. However, swimmers in the fast-kicking group were distinguished by a greater kicking frequency (η²: 0.15) and specific segmental kinematics related to a lower knee range of motion. Swimmers decreased kicking velocity (η²: 0.47) in addition to the kicking frequency (η²: 0.31) and length (η²: 0.16), but increased the kicking amplitude (η²: 0.11) between the first and the final kicks. Changes in kicking segmental kinematics were more related to modification in body orientation during the underwater trajectory than to the kicking motion itself. These results provide the first solid evidence of how swimmers should kick for better performance in dorsal underwater swimming.
problema de los miskitos en Nicaragua
Authors: Falla Ricardo
Published: October 2023

El autor hace una breve reseña de la población indígena de Nicaragua, conocida como miskita, y los problemas que se presentan al tratar de incorporarla a la nueva nación en el proceso revolucionario. Los miskitos, ubicados en la costa atlántica de Nicaragua, constituyen una minoría racial y cultural no asimilada al sistema. Desde la época colonial han estado marginados de los "blancos" o "españoles, en condiciones de control y dependencia de los grupos dominantes situados geográficamente en la costa del Pacífico.El informe analiza la problemática desde tres ángulos: el transfondo histórico que ha dividido a Nicaragua en dos; el crecimiento y afianzamiento del sentido de "Nación" que obliga a una real incorporación de los miskitos a las distintas formas de participación del poder; y el manipuleo de la cuestión de la moskitia por fuerzas contrarrevolucionarias.Al final del informe se anexan dos documentos: a) testimonios de personajes que han visitado los asentamientos de población miskita, y b) declaración de organizaciones indígenas latinoamericanas que rechazan la intervención norteamericana en los asuntos propios de Nicaragua.ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 37, No. 401, 1982: 193-200.
PRINCIPLES OF LAW AND THEIR PLACE IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Mustafakulov Dilshod
Published: October 2023

This article analyzes some theoretical issues related to the principles of law, which are an important element of the legal system, in which the principles of law are the main, guiding principles underlying this law. The nature of law, the purpose of law, as well as issues of social orientation are analyzed on the basis of the scientific views of various scientists. The principles of copyright are the basic ideas and rules that form its basis, and quite rightly, they are the foundation of law, its internal support. In the article, specific examples analyze such issues as the absorption of legal principles into national legislation, their application in legal activity, and justice. Legal principles are divided into a number of groups depending on their scope, and their characteristics are analyzed.
Characterization of the nitrogen stable isotope composition (δ15N) of ship-emitted NOx
Authors: Sun Zeyu , Zong Zheng , Tan Yang , Tian Chongguo , Liu Zeyu , Zhang Fan , Sun Rong , Chen Yingjun , Li Jun , Zhang Gan
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The nitrogen stable isotope composition (δ15N) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is a powerful indicator of source
apportionment of atmospheric NOx; however, δ15N–NOx
values emitted from ships have not been reported, affecting the accuracy of
source partitioning of atmospheric NOx in coastal zones with a lot of
vessel activity. In addition, δ15N–NOx values from ship
emissions could also be important for source apportionment of atmospheric
nitrogen deposition in remote ocean regions. This study systemically
analysed the δ15N–NOx variability and main influencing
factors of ship emissions. The results showed that δ15N–NOx
values from ships, which were calculated by weighting the emission values
from the main engine and auxiliary engine of the vessel, ranged from −35.8 ‰ to 2.04 ‰ with a mean ± standard deviation of −18.5 ± 10.9 ‰. The
δ15N–NOx values increased monotonically with the ongoing
tightening of emission regulations, presenting a significantly negative
logarithmic relationship with NOx concentrations (p<0.01). The
selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system was the most important factor
affecting changes in δ15N–NOx values, followed by the
ship category, fuel types, and operation states of ships. Based on the
relationship between δ15N–NOx values and emission
regulations observed in this investigation, a mass-weighted model to compute
accurate assessments over time was developed, and the temporal variation in
δ15N–NOx values from ship emissions in the international
merchant fleet was evaluated. These simulated δ15N–NOx
values can be used to select suitable δ15N–NOx values for
a more accurate assessment, including the contribution of ship-emitted
exhaust to atmospheric NOx and its influence on atmospheric nitrate
(NO3-) air quality and nitrogen deposition studies.
Climatological assessment of the vertically resolved optical and microphysical aerosol properties by lidar measurements, sun photometer, and in situ observations over 17 years at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Barcelona
Authors: Lolli Simone , Sicard Michaël , Amato Francesco , Comeron Adolfo , Gíl-Diaz Cristina , Landi Tony C. , Munoz-Porcar Constantino , Oliveira Daniel , Dios Otin Federico , Rocadenbosch Francesc , Rodriguez-Gomez Alejandro , Alastuey Andrés , Querol Xavier , Reche Cristina
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Aerosols are one of the most important pollutants in the atmosphere and have been monitored for the past few decades by remote sensing and in situ observation platforms to assess the effectiveness of government-managed reduction emission policies and assess their impact on the radiative budget of the Earth's atmosphere. In fact, aerosols can directly modulate incoming short-wave solar radiation and outgoing long-wave radiation and indirectly influence cloud formation, lifetime, and precipitation. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated long-term temporal trends and seasonal variability from a climatological point of view of the optical and microphysical properties of atmospheric particulate matter at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain, over the past 17 years, through a synergy of lidar, sun photometer, and in situ concentration measurements. Interannual temporal changes in aerosol optical and microphysical properties are evaluated through the seasonal Mann–Kendall test. Long-term trends in the optical depth of the recovered aerosol; the Ångström exponent (AE); and the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 reveal that emission reduction policies implemented in the past decades were effective in improving air quality, with consistent drops in PM concentrations and optical depth of aerosols. The seasonal analysis of the 17-year average vertically resolved aerosol profiles obtained from lidar observations shows that during summer the aerosol layer can be found up to an altitude of 5 km, after a sharp decay in the first kilometer. In contrast, during the other seasons, the backscatter profiles fit a pronounced exponential decay well with a well-defined scale height. Long-range transport, especially dust outbreaks from the Sahara, is likely to occur throughout the year. During winter, the dust aerosol layers are floating above the boundary layer, while during the other seasons they can penetrate the layer. The analysis also revealed that intense, short-duration pollution events during winter, associated with dust outbreaks, have become more frequent and intense since 2016. This study sheds some light on the meteorological processes and conditions that can lead to the formation of haze and helps decision makers adopt mitigation strategies to preserve large metropolitan areas in the Mediterranean basin.
Portable, low-cost samplers for distributed sampling of atmospheric gases
Authors: Hurley James F. , Caceres Alejandra , McGlynn Deborah F. , Tovillo Mary E. , Pinar Suzanne , Schürch Roger , Onufrieva Ksenia , Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute to air pollution both directly, as hazardous gases, and through their reactions
with common atmospheric oxidants to produce ozone, particulate matter, and
other hazardous air pollutants. There are enormous ranges of structures and
reaction rates among VOCs, and there is consequently a need to accurately
characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of individual identified
compounds. Current VOC measurements are often made with complex, expensive
instrumentation that provides high chemical detail but is limited in its
portability and requires high expense (e.g., mobile labs) for spatially
resolved measurements. Alternatively, periodic collection of samples on
cartridges is inexpensive but demands significant operator interaction that
can limit possibilities for time-resolved measurements or distributed
measurements across a spatial area. Thus, there is a need for simple,
portable devices that can sample with limited operator presence to enable
temporally and/or spatially resolved measurements. In this work, we describe
new portable and programmable VOC samplers that enable simultaneous
collection of samples across a spatially distributed network, validate their
reproducibility, and demonstrate their utility. Validation experiments
confirmed high precision between samplers as well as the ability of
miniature ozone scrubbers to preserve reactive analytes collected on
commercially available adsorbent gas sampling cartridges, supporting
simultaneous field deployment across multiple locations. In indoor
environments, 24 h integrated samples demonstrate observable day-to-day
variability, as well as variability across very short spatial scales
(meters). The utility of the samplers was further demonstrated by locating
outdoor point sources of analytes through the development of a new mapping
approach that employs a group of the portable samplers and back-projection
techniques to assess a sampling area with higher resolution than stationary
sampling. As with all gas sampling, the limits of detection depend on
sampling times and the properties of sorbents and analytes. The limit of detection
of the analytical system used in this work is on the order of nanograms,
corresponding to mixing ratios of 1–10 pptv after 1 h of sampling at
the programmable flow rate of 50–250 sccm enabled by the developed system.
The portable VOC samplers described and validated here provide a simple,
low-cost sampling solution for spatially and/or temporally variable
measurements of any organic gases that are collectable on currently
available sampling media.
Research of Low-cost Air Quality Monitoring Models with Different Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Wang Gang , Yu Chunlai , Guo Kai , Guo Haisong , Wang Yibo
Published: October 2023

Abstract. To improve the prediction for the future air quality trends, the demand for low-cost sensor-based air quality gird monitoring is growing gradually. In this study, a low-cost multi-parameter air quality monitoring system (LCS) based on different machine learning algorithm is proposed. The LCS can measure particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and gas pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO and O3) simultaneously. The multi-dimensional multi-response prediction model is developed based on the original signals of the sensors, ambient temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH), and the measurements of the reference instrumentations. The performance of the different algorithms (RF, MLR, KNN, BP, GA-BP) with the parameters such as determination coefficient R2 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are compared and discussed. Using these methods, the R2 of the algorithms (RF, MLR, KNN, BP, GA-BP) for the PM is in the range 0.68–0.99; the mean RMSE values of PM2.5 and PM10 are within 3.96–16.16 μgm-3 and 7.37–28.90 μgm-3, respectively. The R2 of the algorithms (RF, MLR, KNN, BP, GA-BP) for the gas pollutants (O3, CO and NO2) is within 0.70–0.99; the mean RMSE values for these pollutants are 4.06–16.07 μgm-3, 0.04–0.15 mgm-3, 3.25–13.90 μgm-3, respectively. The R2 of the algorithms (RF, KNN, BP, GA-BP, except for MLR) for SO2 is within 0.27–0.97, and the mean RMSE value is in the range 1.05–3.22 μgm-3. These measurements are consistent with the national environmental protection standard requirement of China, and the LCS based on the machine learning algorithms can be used to predict the concentrations of PM and gas pollution.
Desorption Lifetimes and Activation Energies Influencing Gas-Surface Interactions and Multiphase Chemical Kinetics
Authors: Knopf Daniel Alexander , Ammann Markus , Berkemeier Thomas , Pöschl Ulrich , Shiraiwa Manabu
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Interfacial and multiphase chemical processes involving gases typically involve adsorption and desorption onto liquid or solid substrates. The desorption energy, which depends on the intermolecular forces between adsorbate and substrate, determines the residence time of chemical species at the interface. In this study, we demonstrate how variations in desorption energy and temperature influence the net uptake or release of gas species, which in turn affects the rates of surface and bulk reactions, surface-bulk exchange, and the equilibration time scales of gas-particle partitioning. We survey experimentally and theoretically derived desorption energies to develop a parameterization that enables the prediction of desorption energies based on the molecular weight, polarizability, and oxygen to carbon ratio of the desorbing chemical species independent of substrate-specific properties, which is possible because of the dominating role of the desorbing species’ polarizability. The data and analyses compiled in this study provide new insights into the relationship between desorption energy and enthalpies of vaporization and solvation, reflecting the central role of desorption in the multiple steps of interfacial exchange and multiphase processes, including mass accommodation and heterogeneous chemical reactions. Practical implications are discussed for gas-particle partitioning, organic phase changes, secondary organic aerosol formation, and indoor surface chemistry. We conclude that future research in aerosol, atmospheric, and environmental physical chemistry, air quality, climate, and Earth system science as well as chemical engineering and materials science may benefit from further insight and constraints on the influence of desorption lifetimes and energies on multiphase processes and their temperature dependence.
TCSIF: A temporally consistent global GOME-2A solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence dataset with correction of sensor degradation
Authors: Zou Chu , Du Shanshan , Liu Xinjie , Liu Liangyun
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Satellite-based solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides a direct way of monitoring the photosynthesis of vegetation globally. Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2A (GOME-2A) SIF product has become the most popular SIF dataset given its capacity for global coverage since 2007. However, serious temporal degradation of the GOME-2A instrument is a problem, and no temporally consistent GOME-2A SIF products are yet available. In this paper, the GOME-2A instrument’s temporal degradation was first calibrated using a pseudo-invariant method, which revealed 16.21 % degradation of the GOME-2A radiance at the near-infrared (NIR) band from 2007 to 2021. Based on the calibration results, the temporal degradation of the GOME-2A radiance spectra was successfully corrected by using a fitted quadratic polynomial function whose determination coefficient (R2) is 0.851. Next, a data-driven algorithm was applied for SIF retrieval at the 735–758 nm window. Besides, a photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)-based upscaling model was employed to upscale the instantaneous clear-sky observations to monthly average values to compensate for the changes in weather conditions. Accordingly, a global GOME-2A SIF dataset (TCSIF) with correction of temporal degradation was successfully generated from 2007 to 2021, and the spatiotemporal pattern of global SIF was then investigated. Corresponding trend maps of the global temporally consistent GOME-2A SIF showed that 62.91 % of vegetated regions underwent an increase in SIF, and the global annual averaged SIF exhibited a trend of increasing by 0.70 % yr−1 during the 2007–2021 period. The TCSIF dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8242928 (Zou et al., 2023).
How well can satellite altimetry and firn models resolve Antarctic firn thickness variations?
Authors: Kappelsberger Maria T. , Horwath Martin , Buchta Eric , Willen Matthias O. , Schröder Ludwig , Veldhuijsen Sanne B. M. , Kuipers Munneke Peter , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Elevation changes of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) related to surface mass balance (SMB) and firn processes vary strongly in space and time. Their short-term natural variability is large and hampers the detection of long-term climate trends. Firn models or satellite altimetry observations are typically used to investigate such firn thickness changes. However, there is a large spread among firn models. Further, they do not fully explain observed firn thickness changes, especially on smaller temporal and spatial scales. Reconciled firn thickness variations will facilitate the detection of long-term trends from satellite altimetry, the resolution of the spatial patterns of such trends and, hence, their attribution to the underlying mechanisms. This study has two objectives: First, we quantify interannual Antarctic firn thickness variations on a 10 km grid scale. Second, we characterise errors in both the altimetry products and firn models. To achieve this, we jointly analyse satellite altimetry and firn modelling results in time and space. We use the timing of firn thickness variations from firn models and the satellite-observed amplitude of these variations to generate a combined product (‘adjusted firn thickness variations’) over the AIS for 1992–2017. The combined product characterises spatially resolved variations better than either firn models alone or altimetry alone. We detect highest absolute differences between the adjusted and modelled variations at lower elevations near the AIS margins, probably influenced by the lower resolution, more blurred spatial distribution of the modelled variations. In a relative sense, the largest mismatch between the adjusted and modelled variations is found in the dry interior of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS), in particular across large megadune fields. Here, the low signal-to-noise ratio poses a challenge for both models and altimetry to resolve firn thickness variations. The altimetric residuals still contain a large part of the altimetry variance and include firn model errors, such as firn signals not captured by the models, and altimetry errors. Apart from time-variable penetration effects of radar altimetry signals, the residuals disclose patterns indicating uncertainties in intermission calibration.
Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in Veterinary Medicine: A Mini Review
Authors: Mooyottu Shaan
Published: October 2023

Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a therapeutic approach that involves the transfer of faecal microbiota from a healthy donor to a recipient, aiming to restore a balanced microbial community in the recipient’s gut. FMT has achieved significant success in human medicine, particularly in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and other gastrointestinal disorders. While FMT has been utilised in veterinary medicine for decades, its formal recognition in human medicine has influenced its adoption and advancement. In this mini review article, we provide a concise analysis of the mechanisms underlying FMT and trace the historical development of transplantation procedures in veterinary medicine. We explore the current applications of FMT in companion animals and livestock, highlighting its efficacy in managing gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, we discuss the synergistic role of metagenomics, metabolomics, and artificial intelligence (AI) in shaping modern FMT practice, emphasizing their potential for improving FMT efficacy, personalized treatment strategies, and diagnostic approaches in veterinary medicine. By reviewing pertinent scientific literature, this comprehensive review explores the historical perspective, current state, and potential impact of FMT in the field of veterinary medicine.