bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Magnesium Sulfate and Functional Connectivity in Offspring at Term-Equivalent Age
Authors: Ufkes Steven , Kennedy Eleanor , Poppe Tanya , Miller Steven P. , Thompson Benjamin , Guo Jessie , Harding Jane E. , Crowther Caroline A.
Published: May 2024

Importance

Understanding the effect of antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) treatment on functional connectivity will help elucidate the mechanism by which it reduces the risk of cerebral palsy and death.

Objective

To determine whether MgSO4 administered to women at risk of imminent preterm birth at a gestational age between 30 and 34 weeks is associated with increased functional connectivity and measures of functional segregation and integration in infants at term-equivalent age, possibly reflecting a protective mechanism of MgSO4.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was nested within a randomized placebo-controlled trial performed across 24 tertiary maternity hospitals. Participants included infants born to women at risk of imminent preterm birth at a gestational age between 30 and 34 weeks who participated in the MAGENTA (Magnesium Sulphate at 30 to 34 Weeks’ Gestational Age) trial and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term-equivalent age. Ineligibility criteria included illness precluding MRI, congenital or genetic disorders likely to affect brain structure, and living more than 1 hour from the MRI center. One hundred and fourteen of 159 eligible infants were excluded due to incomplete or motion-corrupted MRI. Recruitment occurred between October 22, 2014, and October 25, 2017. Participants were followed up to 2 years of age. Analysis was performed from February 1, 2021, to February 27, 2024. Observers were blind to patient groupings during data collection and processing.

Exposures

Women received 4 g of MgSO4 or isotonic sodium chloride solution given intravenously over 30 minutes.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prior to data collection, it was hypothesized that infants who were exposed to MgSO4 would show enhanced functional connectivity compared with infants who were not exposed.

Results

A total of 45 infants were included in the analysis: 24 receiving MgSO4 treatment and 21 receiving placebo; 23 (51.1%) were female and 22 (48.9%) were male; and the median gestational age at scan was 40.0 (IQR, 39.1-41.1) weeks. Treatment with MgSO4 was associated with greater voxelwise functional connectivity in the temporal and occipital lobes and deep gray matter structures and with significantly greater clustering coefficients (Hedge g, 0.47 [95% CI, −0.13 to 1.07]), transitivity (Hedge g, 0.51 [95% CI, −0.10 to 1.11]), local efficiency (Hedge g, 0.40 [95% CI, −0.20 to 0.99]), and global efficiency (Hedge g, 0.31 [95% CI, −0.29 to 0.90]), representing enhanced functional segregation and integration.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, infants exposed to MgSO4 had greater voxelwise functional connectivity and functional segregation, consistent with increased brain maturation. Enhanced functional connectivity is a possible mechanism by which MgSO4 protects against cerebral palsy and death.
Structural and functional imaging features of cognitive phenotypes in pediatric multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mistri Damiano , Margoni Monica , Pagani Elisabetta , Valsasina Paola , Meani Alessandro , Moiola Lucia , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A.
Published: May 2024

Objective

The present study aimed to identify the clinical and MRI features of the distinct cognitive phenotypes in pediatric multiple sclerosis (pedMS).

Methods

PedMS patients (n = 73) and healthy controls (n = 30) underwent clinical examination and 3.0T MRI. All patients completed neuropsychological testing, and cognitive phenotypes were identified by performing K‐means clustering on cognitive scores. MRI metrics included brain T2‐hyperintese lesion volume and normalized brain volumes. Within seven cognitively relevant cortical networks, structural disconnectivity (i.e., the mean percentage of streamlines connecting each pair of cortical regions passing through a lesion) and resting‐state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) were estimated.

Results

Three cognitive phenotypes emerged: Preserved cognition (PC; n = 27, 37%), mild verbal learning and memory/semantic fluency involvement (MVS; n = 28, 38%), and multidomain involvement (MI; n = 18, 25%). Age, sex, and disease duration did not differ among groups. Compared with healthy subjects, PC patients had decreased RS FC within the default mode network (p = 0.045); MVS patients exhibited lower cortical volume and reduced RS FC within the frontoparietal network (all p = 0.045); and MI patients showed decreased volumes in all brain compartments except the hippocampus, and reduced RS FC within the frontoparietal network (all p ≤ 0.045). Compared to PC, MI patients had more severe disability and higher structural disconnectivity within four cortical networks (all p ≤ 0.045). Compared to PC and MVS, MI patients had lower intelligence quotient (all p ≤ 0.005).

Interpretation

We identified three cognitive phenotypes in pedMS that demonstrate the existence of a spectrum of impairment. Such phenotypes showed distinct clinical and MRI characteristics that contributed to explain their cognitive profiles.
Efficient Inverted CsPbI3 Solar Cells with Pb─S Contained Organosulfide‐Halide Perovskite Heterojunction
Authors: Lu Chunyan , Guo Xuemin , Zhang Wenxiao , Yuan Haobo , Liu Acan , Yang Hui , Li Wen , Cui Zhengbo , Hu YuYang , Li Xiaodong , Fang Junfeng
Published: May 2024

Here robust Pb‐S covalency is successfully incorporated into CsPbI3 heterojunction by introducing a new zwitterionic organosulfide‐halide perovskite on top of CsPbI3. Cysteamine (CYS: +NH3(CH2)2S−) will react with PbCl2 and form a new 3D perovskite with much shallower fermi level on CsPbI3 surface, constructing an efficient CsPbI3/[CYS][PbCl2] heterojunction. As a result, interfacial energy loss can be significantly inhibited and device open‐circuit voltage (Voc) is increased to over 1.20 V with champion efficiency of 20.38% in inverted CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Besides, the intrinsic moisture and phase stability of [CYS][PbCl2] perovskite will effectively stabilize the CsPbI3 beneath owing to its robust Pb‐S covalency. PSCs with [CYS][PbCl2] exhibit significantly improved stability, whether in moist air or under continuous maximum power point (MPP) tracking.
Bark‐Inspired Functional‐Carbon/Potassium Composite Electrode with Fast Ion Transport Channels for Dendrite‐Free Potassium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jun‐Long , Zhao Lu‐Kang , Lu Yue , Gao Xuan‐Wen , Chen Yue , Liu Zhao‐Meng , Gu Qin‐Fen , Luo Wen‐Bin
Published: May 2024

Potassium metal batteries (PMBs) are regarded as viable candidates for future electrochemical energy storage devices with potential high energy density and low cost. However, uncontrollable potassium dendrite growth and huge volume expansion severely inhibit the practical application of PMBs. Herein, inspired by the structure and functionalities of tree bark, an antimony (Sb) nano‐clusters decorated N‐doped interconnected carbon nanospheres/potassium composite electrode with biomimetic fast ionic channels is developed to realize the dendrite‐free potassium metal batteries. The composite electrode provides abundant nucleation sites and interconnected ion transport channels, facilitating rapid ion transport kinetics and highly reversible potassium plating/stripping behaviors. Consequently, the assembled symmetric cell exhibits an ultra‐long cycle life (1100 h at 1.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2) in carbonate electrolyte. Moreover, the K full cells demonstrate enhanced cycling stability (1500 cycles at 8 C) and rate capacity (117.27 mAh g−1 at 20 C). This novel biomimetic design of composite anode presents an effective and rational approach for achieving stable PMBs.
Catalytically Self‐Supplied Oxygen to Alleviate Hypoxia for Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Wang Tingting , Guo Wenfeng , Lv Xingxing , Li Huirong , Zhou Lu , Feng Lan , Xia Dan , Han Xiao , Wang Qi , Qu Yongquan , Tian Zhimin , Liu Hongbao
Published: May 2024

Overcoming hypoxia is an urgent clinical challenge in acute kidney injury (AKI) treatment. Specifically, hypoxia upregulates xanthine oxidase (XO) expression and induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which exacerbates renal injury. Herein, a therapeutic strategy of self‐supply oxygen for highly efficient AKI therapy is developed, in which the biocompatible CeO2 nanorods modified by poly(ethylene glycol)‐folic acid conjugate (CeFA) catalytically convert ROS into oxygen and effectively relieve hypoxia in injured renal tissues. Modification with poly(ethylene glycol)‐folic acid conjugate allows the catalysts to be accumulated in injured renal tissues, and the high activity of CeFA guaranteed long‐lasting endogenous ROS decomposition to continuously supply oxygen. This resulted in the relief of renal hypoxia, which inhibits XO expression, reduces ROS generation and thereafter essentially alleviates kidney injury. Moreover, CeFA significantly reduces lipopolysaccharide‐induced ROS injury and reverses hypoxia in the murine AKI model, where the levels of kidney function indicators remain normal, and inflammation is alleviated without negative effects. This study offers a promising strategy for relieving hypoxia and protecting the kidney from AKI. This methodology is anticipated to provide a valuable approach for treating other oxygen‐dependent diseases and events, such as tumors and stroke.
Amorphization Activates Biocompatible MgAl‐Layered Double Hydroxide for Efficient Multiple Free Radical Scavenging
Authors: Wang Bingqing , Yang Xiang , Fang Yingyan , Zhou Xulin , Jiang Runtao , Han Xu , Wang Shiji , Lin Yanjun , Liu Junfeng , Duan Xue
Published: May 2024

The exploitation of effective and nontoxic materials with antioxidant activity to mitigate or inhibit the damage caused by elevated levels of free radicals has attracted considerable attention across diverse fields. Herein, this study demonstrates that a biocompatible MgAl‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) can be activated for multiple types of free radical scavenging with unexpected activity through amorphization (a‐MgAl‐LDH). Detailed characterization reveals that numerous oxygen defects are introduced after amorphization. Mechanistic studies and theoretical simulations indicate that amorphization‐induced oxygen defects in a‐MgAl‐LDH promote radical adsorption and reduce the reaction energy barriers, thereby resulting in enhanced radical scavenging activities. Consequently, a‐MgAl‐LDH demonstrated remarkable efficiency in mitigating the oxidative injury induced by Rosup in cells and provided thermal stabilization of polyvinyl chloride against degradation. This study demonstrates the transformation of inert MgAl‐LDH into a promising, nontoxic, and cost‐effective nano‐antioxidant option for antioxidative therapy or polymer stabilization and highlights the significance of crystallinity engineering of nanomaterials for efficient free radical scavenging.
Duodecuple H‐Bonded NH4+ Storage in Multi‐Redox‐Site N‐Heterocyclic Cathode for Six‐Electron Zinc–Organic Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yehui , Song Ziyang , Miao Ling , Lv Yaokang , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian
Published: May 2024

Designing multiple redox sites in electroactive organic cathodes that allow more electron transfer is a permanent target for energy storage. Here, six‐electron zinc–organic batteries are reported accessed by duodecuple H‐bonded NH4+ storage in N‐heterocyclic dipyrazino[2,3‐f:2′,3′‐h]quinoxaline‐2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexacarbonitrile (DQH) cathode. DQH features an extended π‐conjugated aromatic planarity enriched with super electron delocalization routes and dodecahedral‐active imine/cyano motifs, achieving a high capacity up to 385 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. Besides, DQH cathode redox‐exclusively couples with small‐hydration‐size and low‐desolvation‐energy‐barrier NH4+ ions (0.33 nm and 0.19 eV vs 0.86 nm and 0.36 eV of Zn2+) via flexible H‐bonding interactions. NH4+ topo‐coordination enables DQH anti‐dissolution in aqueous electrolytes to avoid common capacity decay of small organic molecules, and solves the instability and low interfacial reaction kinetics issues caused by rigidly and sluggishly repeated insertion of Zn2+ ions. This gives zinc–organic battery high‐rate ability (30 A g−1) and high lifespan (30 000 cycles at 10 A g−1).
Inhibition of Phase Transition in Amorphous Niobium Oxide by Covalent Carbon Reinforcement Enables Fast‐Charge and Long‐Duration Lithium Storage
Authors: Chen Jinghui , Liu Fang , Meng Jiashen , Wang Weixiao , Zhou Liang , Zhang Lei , An Qinyou
Published: May 2024

Niobium oxides are potential anode materials for ultrafast and safe lithium‐ion batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and relatively high operation voltage. However, the electrochemically induced phase transformations that involve multi‐electron redox reactions in a wide voltage window cause rapid capacity degradation and poor rate capability. Here, a novel carbon‐covalent amorphous niobium oxide anode is reported to greatly suppress the phase transition during cycling via formation of strong Nb─O─C bonds, achieving high‐capacity, fast‐charge and long‐duration lithium storage. This amorphous structure and forming covalent carbon contribute to good volume accommodation and high electron conductivity. The carbon‐covalent amorphous Nb2O5 displays a high reversible capacity of 361.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability with a capacity of 189.8 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 10 A g−1 after 9000 cycles. Structure characterizations reveal that the well‐preserved amorphous structure without phase transition during repeated Li+ insertion/desertion is responsible for the superior performance. This work opens a new avenue on rational design of high‐performance amorphous electrode materials for next‐generation batteries.
4D‐Printed MXene‐Based Artificial Nerve Guidance Conduit for Enhanced Regeneration of Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Authors: Wang Zhilong , Zheng Yan , Qiao Liang , Ma Yuanya , Zeng Huajing , Liang Jiachen , Ye Qian , Shen Kuangyu , Liu Bin , Sun Luyi , Fan Zengjie
Published: May 2024

Repairing larger defects (>5 mm) in peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) remains a significant challenge when using traditional artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs). A novel approach that combines 4D printing technology with poly(L‐lactide‐co‐trimethylene carbonate) (PLATMC) and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets is proposed, thereby imparting shape memory properties to the NGCs. Upon body temperature activation, the printed sheet‐like structure can quickly self‐roll into a conduit‐like structure, enabling optimal wrapping around nerve stumps. This design enhances nerve fixation and simplifies surgical procedures. Moreover, the integration of microchannel expertly crafted through 4D printing, along with the incorporation of MXene nanosheets, introduces electrical conductivity. This feature facilitates the guided and directional migration of nerve cells, rapidly accelerating the healing of the PNI. By leveraging these advanced technologies, the developed NGCs demonstrate remarkable potential in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, leading to substantial improvements in muscle morphology and restored sciatic nerve function, comparable to outcomes achieved through autogenous nerve transplantation.
Leadership and the finder's advantage in mantled howler monkeys
Authors: Giannetti‐Domínguez Aylén D. , Rangel‐Negrín Ariadna , Coyohua‐Fuentes Alejandro , Dias Pedro A. D.
Published: May 2024

Leading collective movements and arriving first at feeding sites may improve food acquisition. Specifically, the first individual to discover and exploit a feeding site may gain a feeding advantage known as the “finder's advantage.” The aim of this research was to verify if the probability of leading group movements to feeding sites in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) varied by sex and reproductive status, and whether finders had higher foraging success than followers. We studied 18 adult individuals from two groups in La Flor de Catemaco over a year (978 h), and sampled group movements (n = 211) and foraging behavior (n = 215 feeding episodes). Gestating females were leaders and finders of group movements to feeding sites more often than expected but were also replaced in the leading position more frequently than individuals of other sex/reproductive states. Feeding behavior was not influenced by the order of arrival at feeding sites per se, but gestating females had higher food intake rate, bite rate, and feeding time when arriving earlier (i.e., occupying front group positions) than later. Therefore, leadership and the finder's advantage occur in this species and are probably employed by gestating females to maintain their energetic condition.
Acceptability of corporal punishment and use of different parenting practices across high‐income countries
Authors: Gonzalez Carolina , Morawska Alina , Higgins Daryl J. , Haslam Divna M.
Published: May 2024

Worldwide, many children experience corporal punishment. Most research on corporal punishment has focused on parents' attitudes and use of corporal punishment; however, other relevant parenting factors and practices have rarely been examined. This study explored differences among countries with various levels of progress toward a total legal ban of corporal punishment in parents' acceptability of corporal punishment, perception of parenting as a private concern, relationship with their child and parenting practices: consistency, coercive parenting, use of smacking and positive encouragement. Parents (N = 6760) of 2 to 12‐year‐old children from Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Hong Kong, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom completed the International Parenting Survey, an online cross‐sectional survey. One‐way ANOVAs, and MANCOVAs (after controlling for parent age, gender and educational level), indicated significant country differences. Overall, there was no clear link between corporal punishment bans and positive parenting beliefs, practices and behaviours. The two countries where corporal punishment is banned showed different patterns. Parents in Germany showed less acceptability and use of smacking; however, parents in Spain reported the highest use of coercive parenting. Country differences suggest that beyond a legal ban, attention is needed on how to support parents to raise their children in a positive, nurturing environment.
Serum NfL and GFAP as biomarkers of progressive neurodegeneration in TBI
Authors: Shahim Pashtun , Pham Dzung L. , van der Merwe Andre J. , Moore Brian , Chou Yi‐Yu , Lippa Sara M. , Kenney Kimbra , Diaz‐Arrastia Ramon , Chan Leighton
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

We examined spatial patterns of brain atrophy after mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), the relationship between progression of brain atrophy with initial traumatic axonal injury (TAI), cognitive outcome, and with serum biomarkers of brain injury.

METHODS

A total of 143 patients with TBI and 43 controls were studied cross‐sectionally and longitudinally up to 5 years with multiple assessments, which included brain magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive testing, and serum biomarkers.

RESULTS

TBI patients showed progressive volume loss regardless of injury severity over several years, and TAI was independently associated with accelerated brain atrophy. Cognitive performance improved over time. Higher baseline serum neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were associated with greater rate of brain atrophy over 5 years.

DISCUSSSION

Spatial patterns of atrophy differ by injury severity and TAI is associated with the progression of brain atrophy. Serum NfL and GFAP show promise as non‐invasive prognostic biomarkers of progressive neurodegeneration in TBI.

Highlights

In this longitudinal study of patient with mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) who were assessed with paired magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood biomarkers, and cognitive assessments, we found that brain atrophy after TBI is progressive and continues for many years even after a mild head trauma without signs of brain injury on conventional MRI.

We found that spatial pattern of brain atrophy differs between mild, moderate, and severe TBI, where in patients with mild TBI , atrophy is mainly seen in the gray matter, while in those with moderate to severe brain injury atrophy is predominantly seen in the subcortical gray matter and whiter matter.

Cognitive performance improves over time after a TBI.

Serum measures of neurofilament light or glial fibrillary acidic protein are associated with progression of brain atrophy after TBI.
Implementing a Barcode‐Based Whole–Life Cycle Management Process to Improve Robotic Instrument Tracking
Authors: Qian Chen , Ning Yun , Li Tianfu , Yu Zhu , Zhu Ping , Zhang Liuliu
Published: May 2024

Minimally invasive surgery can involve the use of robotics to improve patient outcomes. Some robotic systems require special instruments with a designated number of uses. In China, during the reprocessing of the robotic instruments, health care personnel determined that the existing tracking processes were inadequate. They conducted a quality improvement project with the goal of establishing a barcode‐based standardized process for tracking robotic instruments. They implemented technology that generated a unique identifier each time a robotic instrument was reprocessed after use. Nurses scanned the identifier when surgeons used the instrument. The findings included the increased accuracy of use documentation and decreases in untraceable sterilization and use records, charging concerns, and average daily and monthly inventory times. An increase in adverse event reports associated with robotic instruments also was noted. The use of barcode technology for robotic instrument tracking continues at the facility and may be expanded for additional specialty instruments.
Correlation between the miR‐618 rs2682818 C>A polymorphism and venous malformation susceptibility
Authors: Lin Xi , Chen Zijian , Wu Guitao , Jiang Hua , Liu Zhenyin
Published: May 2024

Venous malformations are the most common congenital vascular malformations, and the incidence rate is high. Previous studies have confirmed that a variety of polymorphisms within the miRNA functional region are associated with tumor susceptibility. We examined the correlation between miR‐618 rs2682818 C>A and risk of developing venous malformation in a southern Chinese population (1113 patients and 1158 controls). TaqMan genotyping of miR‐618 rs2682818 C>A was conducted utilizing real‐time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The miR‐618 rs2682818 polymorphism was not correlated with susceptibility to venous malformation (CA/AA vs. CC: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81–1.25, p = 0.994; AA vs. CC/CA: AOR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.73–1.65, p = 0.646). Stratified analysis of different subtypes of venous malformation revealed that there was no significant difference in the rs2682818 C>A polymorphism genotypes across these subtypes. Our results indicate that miR‐618 rs2682818 C>A polymorphism is not correlated with the susceptibility to venous malformation.
Multiagent trajectory prediction with global‐local scene‐enhanced social interaction graph network
Authors: Lin Xuanqi , Zhang Yong , Wang Shun , Piao Xinglin , Yin Baocai
Published: May 2024

Trajectory prediction is essential for intelligent autonomous systems like autonomous driving, behavior analysis, and service robotics. Deep learning has emerged as the predominant technique due to its superior modeling capability for trajectory data. However, deep learning‐based models face challenges in effectively utilizing scene information and accurately modeling agent interactions, largely due to the complexity and uncertainty of real‐world scenarios. To mitigate these challenges, this study presents a novel multiagent trajectory prediction model, termed the global‐local scene‐enhanced social interaction graph network (GLSESIGN), which incorporates two pivotal strategies: global‐local scene information utilization and a social adaptive attention graph network. The model hierarchically learns scene information relevant to multiple intelligent agents, thereby enhancing the understanding of complex scenes. Additionally, it adaptively captures social interactions, improving adaptability to diverse interaction patterns through sparse graph structures. This model not only improves the understanding of complex scenes but also accurately predicts future trajectories of multiple intelligent agents by flexibly modeling intricate interactions. Experimental validation on public datasets substantiates the efficacy of the proposed model. This research offers a novel model to address the complexity and uncertainty in multiagent trajectory prediction, providing more accurate predictive support in practical application scenarios.
Highlight mask‐guided adaptive residual network for single image highlight detection and removal
Authors: Wang Shuaibin , Li Li , Wang Juan , Peng Tao , Li Zhenwei
Published: May 2024

Specular highlights detection and removal is a challenging task. Although various methods exist for removing specular highlights, they often fail to effectively preserve the color and texture details of objects after highlight removal due to the high brightness and nonuniform distribution characteristics of highlights. Furthermore, when processing scenes with complex highlight properties, existing methods frequently encounter performance bottlenecks, which restrict their applicability. Therefore, we introduce a highlight mask‐guided adaptive residual network (HMGARN). HMGARN comprises three main components: detection‐net, adaptive‐removal network (AR‐Net), and reconstruct‐net. Specifically, detection‐net can accurately predict highlight mask from a single RGB image. The predicted highlight mask is then inputted into the AR‐Net, which adaptively guides the model to remove specular highlights and estimate an image without specular highlights. Subsequently, reconstruct‐net is used to progressively refine this result, remove any residual specular highlights, and construct the final high‐quality image without specular highlights. We evaluated our method on the public dataset (SHIQ) and confirmed its superiority through comparative experimental results.
Evaluation of Pyrazolyl‐Indolizine Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents: Synthesis, In vitro, In silico ADMET and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Mukhtar Shorouk S. , Sroor Farid M. , Hafez Taghrid S. , Abdelraof Mohamed , El‐Sayed Ahmed F. , Laboud Yara N. , Hassaneen Hamdi M. , Saleh Fatma M.
Published: May 2024

Herein, we report analogues of s‐indacene by the synthesis of novel indolizine derivatives. Using chloroform as an appropriate solvent, sixteen derivatives of pyrazolyl‐indolizine (4‐‐19) were prepared by the reaction of 3‐(dimethylamino)‐1‐(1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (1) with hydrazonoyl chloride derivatives (2) in the presence of triethylamine in good to excellent yields. We used NMR spectra, IR, mass spectrometry, as well as elemental analyses to prove the chemical structures and the purity of the synthesized compounds 4–19. Among all tested compounds 5, 9, 13 and 19 had a potent antimicrobial efficiency against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aerginousea, Sallmonella typhemerium, and Candida albicans. Furthermore, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) toward the Gram‐negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa when treated with compound 9 was observed, while compound 13 remarkably increased the cell membrane oxidation of Salmonella typhimurium. Additionally, we utilized docking studies and in silico methods to evaluate the drug‐likeness, physicochemical properties, and ADMET profiles of the compounds. The results of the molecular docking simulation revealed that the synthesized compounds displayed decreased binding energy when interacting with the active sites of important enzymes, including Sterol 14‐demethylase of C. albicans, Dihydropteroate synthase of S. aureus, LasR of P. aeruginosa, Glucosamine‐6‐phosphate synthase of S. typhimurium, and Gyrase B of B. subtilis.
Long COVID‐19 leading to Good's syndrome diagnosis: A clinical case‐report and literature review
Authors: Tabarsi Payam , Hemmatian Marjan , Moradi Maryam
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Good's syndrome (GS) in conjunction with a severe COVID‐19 infection, shedding light on the complexities of managing this rare condition that combines thymoma and immunodeficiency.

This study delves into the clinical presentation and management of a 63‐year‐old male diagnosed with Good's syndrome (GS) amid a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. GS, an uncommon association between thymoma and immunodeficiency, remains a clinical mystery, necessitating increased awareness and understanding. Our patient's intricate clinical course, marked by recurrent COVID‐19 symptoms and multiple hospitalizations, exemplifies the challenges posed by GS. Through a systematic review of GS cases globally, we highlight its worldwide distribution, with a substantial proportion reported in Europe. Notably, the diagnosis of thymoma often precedes immunodeficiency, emphasizing the importance of vigilance in clinical assessments.
A 7‐year‐old with extravaginal torsion of an undescended testicle in the left inguinal region: The first case report from Syria
Authors: Alsaffaf Yousef , Arab Hazem , Jaafar Jaafar , Shehadeh Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

The incidence of undescended testicles torsion in a 7‐year‐old is rare, making it a clinically unusual occurrence. Emphasizing the importance of thorough urogenital assessments in children, particularly in underserved communities, is critical to prevent serious complications like testicular gangrene.
Iron deficiency in new onset heart failure: association with clinical factors and quality of life
Authors: Cabrera Carin Corovic , Ekström Mattias , Tornvall Per , Löfström Ulrika , Frisk Christoffer , Linde Cecilia , Hage Camilla , Persson Hans , Eriksson Maria J. , Wallén Håkan , Persson Bengt , Lyngå Patrik
Published: May 2024

Aims

The prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) in newly diagnosed heart failure (HF) and the progression of ID in patients after initiation of HF therapy are unknown. We aimed to describe the natural trajectory of ID in patients with new onset HF during the first year after HF diagnosis, assessing associations between ID, clinical factors, and quality of life (QoL).

Methods and results

A prospective cohort of patients with new onset HF in hospitals or outpatient clinics at five major hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden, during 2015–2018 were analysed with clinical assessment, electrocardiogram, blood samples including iron levels, Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (MLHFQ), and echocardiogram at baseline and after 12 months. Of 547 patients with new‐onset HF, 482 (88%) had complete iron data at baseline. Median age was 70 years (interquartile range 61–77) and 311 (65%) were men; 55% of patients had ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 40%, 19% had EF 41–49%, and 26% had HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) [Correction added on 26 June 2024, after first online publication: The ‘Mean age was 70 years’ has been corrected to ‘Median age was 70 years’ in this version.]. At baseline, 163 patients (34%) had ID defined as ferritin <100 μg/L or ferritin 100–299 μg/L and transferrin saturation <20%. After 12 months of follow‐up, 119 (32%) had ID of the 368 patients who had complete iron data both at baseline and after 12 months and did not receive intravenous (i.v.) iron during follow‐up. During the first year after HF diagnosis, 19% had persistent ID, 13% developed ID, 11% resolved ID, and 57% never had ID, consequently 24% changed their classification. Anaemia at baseline was the strongest independent predictor of ID 1 year after diagnosis [odds ratio (OR) 3.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.88–8.13, P < 0.001], followed by HF hospitalization (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.24–3.95, P < 0.01), female sex (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.25–3.32, P < 0.01), HFpEF (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.13–3.39, P < 0.05), and diabetes mellitus (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.06–3.48, P < 0.05). ID was associated with low QoL at baseline (MLHFQ score mean difference 7.4 points, 95% CI 3.1–11.7, P < 0.001), but not at follow‐up.

Conclusions

About one third of patients with new onset HF had ID both at the time of HF diagnosis and after 1 year, though a quarter of the patients changed their ID status. Patients with anaemia, HF hospitalization, female gender, HFpEF, or diabetes mellitus at baseline were more likely to have ID after 1 year implying that these should be carefully screened for ID to find those in need of i.v. iron treatment.
Ni2MnAl Heusler Alloy Nanoparticles for Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitro Compounds
Authors: Gupta Poorvi , Yadav Priyanka , Rana Bharti , Ghosh Biplab , Dhaka Rajendra S. , Manna Kuntal
Published: May 2024

Despite immense interest for years in Heusler alloys as magnetoelastic materials, their application in heterogeneous catalysis has only recently been explored. We report the development of highly active, robust and magnetically separable Ni2MnAl Heusler alloy nanoparticles as a heterogeneous catalyst for hydrogenation of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding amines. The easily synthesizable Ni2MnAl nanoparticles are thermally and chemically robust and exhibited excellent chemoselectivity in the hydrogenation of a range of aliphatic and aromatic nitroarenes, including those bearing functional groups sensitive to reduction, such as alkene, bromo, iodo, carbonyl and cyano, yielding the respective functionalized amines in good yields. Moreover, this solid catalyst is magnetically separable from the reaction mixture and could be recycled and reused at least 10 times without any loss in catalytic activity. The mechanism of the Ni2MnAl Heusler alloy nanoparticles catalyzed nitro reduction was studied by various spectroscopy, control experiments and kinetics. Our work opens a new avenue of developing heterogeneous earth‐abundant metal catalysis for economic and environment‐friendly synthesis of fine chemicals owing to straightforward synthesis and tunable composition of Heusler alloy nanoparticles from base‐metal precursors and their diverse structure and properties in conjunction with their thermal and chemical stability, excellent chemoselectivity, magnetic separability and recyclability.
Effect of storage on the physicochemical, rheological, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties of soy whey‐fortified pineapple juice beverages
Authors: Rather Jahangir A. , Punoo Hilal Ahmad , Akhter Najmeenah , Muzzaffar Sabeera , Khanday Firdous Ahmad , Goksen Gulden
Published: May 2024

Incorporating soy whey into pineapple juice can enhance nutritional and nutraceutical potential. The present study was conducted to develop soy whey‐fortified pineapple juice beverage and impact of ambient storage conditions on physicochemical, antioxidant, rheological, and sensory properties of functional beverage. Increasing the storage period decreased pH from 4.1 to 3.7 for control and 4.0 to 3.8 for soy whey‐treated samples. TSS increased from 8.3 to 10.6 on 0th day for control and soy whey‐treated beverage samples while on the 30th day, the TSS ranged from 8.9 to 11.1°B. Up to 30% soy whey incorporation, the DPPH, reducing power, and ABTS of beverages increased from 5.58%–57.01%, 56.35%–56.90%, and 4.84%–47.01%, respectively. The flow index (n) of the beverage formulations ranged between 0.4758 and 0.6521, and the yield stress between 0.018 and 0.025 Pa, hence showing Herschel–Bulkley character. With the increase in concentration and storage period, both G′ and G″ values decreased considerably (p < .05). The standard plate and yeast and mold count decreased considerably with an increase in soy whey and increased with an increase in storage. The sensory score of the beverages up to 30% soy whey exhibited best sensory score results compared to control and samples with 30% above soy whey content.
Recent progress in heterostructured materials for room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur batteries
Authors: Song Haobin , Li Yifan , Li Xue L. , Li Yixiang , Li Dong‐sheng , Wang Deli , Huang Shaozhuan , Yang Hui Ying
Published: May 2024

Room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT Na‐S) batteries are a promising next‐generation energy storage device due to their low cost, high energy density (1274 Wh kg−1), and environmental friendliness. However, RT Na‐S batteries face a series of vital challenges from sulfur cathode and sodium anode: (i) sluggish reaction kinetics of S and Na2S/Na2S2; (ii) severe shuttle effect from the dissolved intermediate sodium polysulfides (NaPSs); (iii) huge volume expansion induced by the change from S to Na2S; (iv) continuous growth of sodium metal dendrites, leading to short‐circuiting of the battery; (v) huge volume expansion/contraction of sodium anode upon sodium plating/stripping, causing uncontrollable solid‐state electrolyte interphase growth and “dead sodium” formation. Various strategies have been proposed to address these issues, including physical/chemical adsorption of NaPSs, catalysts to facilitate the rapid conversion of NaPSs, high‐conductive materials to promote ion/electron transfer, good sodiophilic Na anode hetero‐interface homogenized Na ions flux and three‐dimensional porous anode host to buffer the volume expansion of sodium. Heterostructure materials can combine these merits into one material to realize multifunctionality. Herein, the recent development of heterostructure as the host for sulfur cathode and Na anode has been reviewed. First of all, the electrochemical mechanisms of sulfur cathode/sodium anode and principles of heterostructures reinforced Na‐S batteries are described. Then, the application of heterostructures in Na‐S batteries is comprehensively examined. Finally, the current primary avenues of employing heterostructures in Na‐S batteries are summarized. Opinions and prospects are put forward regarding the existing problems in current research, aiming to inspire the design of advanced and improved next‐generation Na‐S batteries.
The role of market discipline and macroprudential policies in achieving bank stability
Authors: Matos Tiago F. A. , Teixeira João C. A. , Dutra Tiago M.
Published: May 2024

This study examines whether forcing banks to hold subordinated debt and enforcing market discipline could enhance the effectiveness of capital macroprudential policies in reducing banks' risk and contribute to bank stability. Using the system generalised method of moments and based on a sample of 322 banks across 18 countries during the period 2006–2020, we find that a higher level of subordinated debt leads banks to avoid moral‐hazard behaviours and engage in risk shifting when adapting to a tighter macroprudential framework, which in turn leads to a greater effectiveness of these policies. Furthermore, as robustness tests, we show that this effect is stronger in advanced economies and in the United States of America. These results also stand using a different proxy for banks' risk.
Enhanced luminescence using the core‐shell‐shell structure of 3‐mercaptopropionic acid‐capped ZnSe/ZnS: Mn/ZnS quantum dot
Authors: Bui Thi‐Diem , Nguyen Quang‐Liem , Luong Thi‐Bich , Van Cuong Nguyen , Dang Phuc Huu
Published: May 2024

In this study, we used the surface stabilizer 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) to synthesize ZnSe quantum dots in nontoxic aqueous solvents. Because of the –COOH group, MPA is an SH‐R‐COOH molecule that is added to improve the dispersion and quantum dot (QD) compatibility with antibodies. The different structures ZnSe, Mn‐doped ZnSe, Mn‐doped ZnSe/ZnS, and ZnSe/Mn‐doped ZnS/ZnS were investigated to find the optimum photoluminescence (PL). The structure and distribution element of ZnSe/Mn‐doped ZnS/ZnS QD were analyzed by the high‐resolution TEM image and scanning transmission electron microscopy. This finding of the ZnS buffer layer helps to reduce the defect lattice of QDs, which increases PL significantly. The highest PL intensity of ZnSe/ZnS:Mn/ZnS is significantly more than that of ZnSe and ZnSe/ZnS 6.2 and 3.3 times, respectively. In addition, the fluorescence efficiency of ZnSe/ZnS:5%Mn/ZnS‐MPA was 74.37% higher than that of ZnSe:5%Mn/ZnS‐MPA (55.04%) in ZnS buffer.
Sigmoid Sinus Wall Anomalies Can Progress and May Not Be Congenital
Authors: Hsieh Yue‐Lin , Wang Wuqing
Published: May 2024

Objective

Sigmoid sinus wall anomalies (SSWA) are closely linked to venous pulsatile tinnitus (PT). This study aims to demonstrate that SSWA develops progressively rather than being congenital.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 42 PT patients with SSWA who had at least two non‐operative CT scans at our clinic. CT images were longitudinally assessed to track SSWA progression, while MRI and Doppler ultrasound evaluated transverse sinus stenosis and venous hemodynamics. Changes in PT perception were tracked using the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) questionnaire.

Results

Among the 42 SSWA patients, 12 (28.6%) exhibited progression. Anastomosis between diploic vein and diverticulum was significantly higher compared to the dehiscence cohort (p < 0.01). Within the diverticulum group, seven individuals (30.4%) experienced enlargement, with a mean diverticular wall expansion of 5.9% ± 11.4%. Progressive erosion was observed in two cases (12.5%) in the dehiscence cohort, with a mean sigmoid plate erosion of 3.8% ± 10.1%. In cases progressing from dehiscence to diverticulum, three subjects transitioned, with a mean sigmoid sinus wall length expansion of 43.8% ± 31.9%. SSWA progression showed a significant negative correlation with QBILATERAL (r = −0.857, p = 0.014), and there was a significant difference between initial and revisit THI scores (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

SSWA can undergo morphological progression, indicating it is a progressive clinical condition rather than congenital.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:4707–4715, 2024
Jet‐injection assisted photodynamic therapy for superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma: A pilot study
Authors: Lavin Leore , Erlendsson Andrés M. , Aleissa Saud , Aleisa Abdullah , Menzer Christian , Dusza Stephen , Cordova Miguel , Alshaikh Hesham , Shah Rohan , Pan Alexander , Ketosugbo Kwami , Hosein Sharif , Lee Erica , Nehal Kishwer , Togsverd‐Bo Katrine , Haedersdal Merete , Rossi Anthony
Published: May 2024

Background

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical δ‐Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has efficacy in treating basal cell carcinoma (BCC) but is limited by incomplete penetration of ALA into the deeper dermis. This prospective open‐label pilot trial investigated the safety and efficacy of photosensitizer jet injection for PDT (JI‐PDT) for BCC treatment. It was performed with 15 patients (n = 15) with histologically confirmed, untreated, low‐risk nodular BCCs at a single institution.

Methods

For the intervention, JI‐PDT patients (n = 11) received two sessions of jet‐injected ALA with PDT separated by four to 6 weeks. To further understand treatment technique, another group of patients (n = 4) received jet‐injected ALA followed by tumor excision and fluorescence microscopy (JI‐E). Treatment tolerability was assessed by local skin responses (LSR) score at five distinct time intervals. Fluorescence microscopy assessed protoporphyrin IX penetration depth and biodistribution within the tumor. At the primary endpoint, tumor clearance was evaluated via visual inspection, dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy. Postinjection and postillumination pain levels, and patient satisfaction, were scored on a 0−10 scale.

Results

Fifteen participants with mean age of 58.3, who were 15/15 White, non‐Hispanic enrolled. The median composite LSR score immediately after JI‐PDT was 5 (interquartile range [IQR] = 3) which decreased to 0.5 (IQR = 1) at primary endpoint (p < 0.01). Immunofluorescence of excised BCC tumors with jet‐injected ALA showed photosensitizer penetration into papillary and reticular dermis. Of the 13 JI‐PDT tumors, 11 had tumor clearance confirmed, 1 recurred, and 1 was lost to follow‐up. 1/11 patients experienced a serious adverse event of cellulitis. 70% of patients had local scarring at 3 months. Patients reported an average pain level of 5.6 (standard deviation [SD] = 2.3) during jet injection and 3.7 (SD = 1.8) during light illumination.

Conclusions

Jet injection of ALA for PDT treatment of nodular low‐risk BCC is tolerable and feasible and may represent a novel modality to improve PDT.
Aqueous Supramolecular Transformations of Motor Bola‐Amphiphiles at Multiple Length‐Scale
Authors: Meng Jiahui , Cheung Leong‐Hung , Ren Yikun , Stuart Marc C. A. , Wang Qian , Chen Shaoyu , Chen Jiawen , Leung Franco King‐Chi
Published: May 2024

Molecular motor amphiphiles have already been widely attempted for dynamic nanosystems across multiple length‐scale for developments of small functional materials, including controlling macroscopic foam properties, amplifying motion as artificial molecular muscles, and serving as extracellular matrix mimicking cell scaffolds. However, limiting examples of bola‐type molecular motor amphiphiles are considered for constructing macroscopic biomaterials. Herein, this work presents the designed two second generation molecular motor amphiphiles, motor bola‐amphiphiles (MBAs). Aside from the photoinduced motor rotation of MBAs achieved in both organic and aqueous media, the rate of recovering thermal helix inversion step can be controlled by the rotor part with different steric hindrances. Dynamic assembled structures of MBAs are observed under (cryo)‐transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This dynamicity assists MBAs in further assembling as macroscopic soft scaffolds by applying a shear‐flow method. Upon photoirradiation, the phototropic bending function of MBA scaffolds is observed, demonstrating the amplification of molecular motion into macroscopic phototropic bending functions at the macroscopic length‐scale. Since MBAs are confirmed with low cytotoxicity, human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM‐MSCs) can grow on the surface of MBA scaffolds. These results clearly demonstrate the concept of designing MBAs for developing photoresponsive dynamic functional materials to create new‐generation soft robotic systems and cell‐material interfaces.
Liquid biopsy for human cancer: cancer screening, monitoring, and treatment
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Yi , Zhang Hao , Cao Hui , Mao Jinning , Chen Xinxin , Wang Liangchi , Zhang Nan , Luo Peng , Xue Ji , Qi Xiaoya , Dong Xiancheng , Liu Guodong , Cheng Quan
Published: May 2024

Currently, tumor treatment modalities such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy have more stringent requirements for obtaining tumor growth information and require more accurate and easy‐to‐operate tumor information detection methods. Compared with traditional tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy is a novel, minimally invasive, real‐time detection tool for detecting information directly or indirectly released by tumors in human body fluids, which is more suitable for the requirements of new tumor treatment modalities. Liquid biopsy has not been widely used in clinical practice, and there are fewer reviews of related clinical applications. This review summarizes the clinical applications of liquid biopsy components (e.g., circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, extracellular vesicles, etc.) in tumorigenesis and progression. This includes the development process and detection techniques of liquid biopsies, early screening of tumors, tumor growth detection, and guiding therapeutic strategies (liquid biopsy‐based personalized medicine and prediction of treatment response). Finally, the current challenges and future directions for clinical applications of liquid biopsy are proposed. In sum, this review will inspire more researchers to use liquid biopsy technology to promote the realization of individualized therapy, improve the efficacy of tumor therapy, and provide better therapeutic options for tumor patients.