bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐Throughput Evaluation of Natural Diversity of F‐Type ATP Synthase Rotor Ring Stoichiometries
Authors: Osipov Stepan D. , Zinovev Egor V. , Anuchina Arina A. , Kuzmin Alexander S. , Minaeva Andronika V. , Ryzhykau Yury L. , Vlasov Alexey V. , Gushchin Ivan Yu.
Published: January 2025

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthases are large enzymes present in every living cell. They consist of a transmembrane and a soluble domain, each comprising multiple subunits. The transmembrane part contains an oligomeric rotor ring (c‐ring), whose stoichiometry defines the ratio between the number of synthesized ATP molecules and the number of ions transported through the membrane. Currently, c‐rings of F‐Type ATP synthases consisting of 8–17 (except 16) subunits have been experimentally demonstrated, but it is not known whether other stoichiometries are present in natural organisms. Here, we present an easy‐to‐use high‐throughput computational approach based on AlphaFold that allows us to estimate the stoichiometry of all homo‐oligomeric c‐rings, whose sequences are present in genomic databases. We validate the approach on the available experimental data, obtaining the correlation as high as 0.94 for the reference dataset and use it to predict the existence of c‐rings with stoichiometry varying at least from 8 to 27. We then conduct molecular dynamics simulations of two c‐rings with stoichiometry above 17 to corroborate the machine learning‐based predictions. Our work strongly suggests existence of rotor rings with previously undescribed high stoichiometry in natural organisms and highlights the utility of AlphaFold‐based approaches for studying homo‐oligomeric proteins.
G462S substitution of AaCYP51 confers moderate resistance to tebuconazole in Alternaria alternata
Authors: Feng Ji , Cai Liu‐Ti , Li Tao , Wang Han‐Cheng , Zhang Chuan‐Qing
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Tobacco brown spot (TBS) caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the most common diseases of tobacco in China, resulting in large loss in yield and quality. Demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) such as tebuconazole are commonly used pesticides to control TBS. However, their control effect has shown a downward trend in recent years. In this study, the occurrence and molecular mechanism of resistance to tebuconazole in Alternaria alternata were analyzed.

RESULTS

The resistance of 63 strains of Alternaria alternata to tebuconazole was investigated with the concentration of 5 and 20 μg/mL as the identification standard, and the resistance frequency was as high as 93.65%. It was found that the target mutation from G to S at the 462nd amino acid position of CYP51 was the cause of moderate resistance to tebuconazole in A. alternata. Molecular docking analysis further confirmed that the G462S mutation of AaCYP51 decreased the binding affinity of tebuconazole to CYP51. The artificial AaCYP51‐G462S transformants based on wild‐sensitive GZA‐24 showed resistance to tebuconazole and cross‐resistance to metconazole and prothioconazole. In the present investigation, the virulence of the CYP51‐G462S mutant was reduced, while mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidial germination did not change in comparison with the progenitor strain GZA‐24. In addition, the mutants containing the G462S mutation in AaCYP51 exhibited decreased sensitivity to high osmotic stress stimulated by 1 M NaCl, and the capacity to respond to cell wall‐ and cytomembrane‐damaging agents did not change in the mutants.

CONCLUSION

The G462S substitution of CYP51 is the main factor for the moderate resistance to tebuconazole in A. alternata and mechanisms other than CYP51‐target mutation might be involved in tebuconazole lowly resistant isolates. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Renovating Recycled Fibres Using High‐Shear Homogenization for Sustainable Packaging and Other Bioproducts
Authors: Debnath Mrittika , Salem Khandoker Samaher , Musten Evan , Lucian Lucia , Hubbe Martin A. , Pal Lokendra
Published: January 2025

The production of paper and paperboard has become increasingly dependent on the recycled fibres, which primarily include old corrugated containers (OCC). However, OCC pulp fibres often exhibit inferior papermaking properties, such as poor mechanical strength and suboptimal physico‐chemical characteristics due to changes in fibre length, swelling and flexibility of fibre, surface area, and the presence of contaminants. This study introduces an alternative approach to modifying OCC pulp fibres through mild mechanical treatment to enhance overall fibre properties, including strength, without affecting dewatering. In this study, OCC pulp was treated using a pilot‐scale high‐shear homogenizer, and the obtained fibre properties such as fibre length, fines content, and fibrillation, were compared with the fibres treated with double‐disc refiner (DDR), as well as a combination of DDR and homogenizer in tandem. Handsheets were prepared from untreated, homogenized, refined and refined + homogenized pulp fibres to measure strength, bulk and other properties. The results showed that homogenization improved strength properties and freeness compared to other samples. Overall, homogenization provided enhanced bulk, tensile strength and short‐span compressive strength without reducing the drainage (freeness) of the OCC pulp.
Factors affecting the sustainability of open educational resource initiatives in higher education: A systematic review
Authors: Aksoy Dilara Arzugül , Kurşun Engin , Zawacki‐Richter Olaf
Published: January 2025

This systematic review aims to examine the factors that impact the sustainability of open educational resources (OER) initiatives. A total of 226 articles from the Web of Science, ERIC and SCOPUS databases were subjected to content analysis to identify factors that influence the sustainability of OER initiatives based on the 3M (macro, meso and micro) framework. Our findings reveal that OER sustainability is influenced by different factors in different contexts, such as platform, content creator, learner, learning material and institutional setting. Within the institutional context, institutional policies categorised as a macro and meso factor, were identified as the most frequently mentioned factor affecting OER sustainability. The factors of providing institutional support and incentives were identified as meso factors. For faculty and learners, meso and micro factors such as attitude, motivation, awareness of OER, time, ICT needs and digital literacy were frequently mentioned. Access emerged as a prominent meso factor within the OER platforms dimension. Quality was identified as a critical macro and meso factor for the sustainability of OER. After the quality factor, material‐related factors such as licensing, interactivity and free access emerged. Finally, an OER sustainability framework is proposed along with recommendations for researchers, practitioners and administrators to promote sustainable OER practices.
Safety Assessment of Graphene‐Based Materials
Authors: Fadeel Bengt , Baker James , Ballerini Laura , Bussy Cyrill , Candotto Carniel Fabio , Tretiach Mauro , Pelin Marco , Buerki‐Thurnherr Tina , Kanerva Tomi , Navas José Maria , Vázquez Ester , Rodriguez Unamuno Virginia , Lehtonen Panja , González Mar , Rauscher Hubert , Riego Sintes Juan , Kostarelos Kostas , Bianco Alberto , Prato Maurizio
Published: January 2025

Graphene is the first 2D atomic crystal, and its isolation heralded a new era in materials science with the emergence of several other atomically thin materials displaying multifunctional properties. The safety assessment of new materials is often something of an afterthought, but in the case of graphene, the initial isolation and characterization of the material was soon followed by the assessment of its potential impact on living systems. The Graphene Flagship project addressed the health and environmental aspects of graphene and other 2D materials, providing an instructive lesson in interdisciplinarity – from materials science to biology. Here, the outcomes of the toxicological and ecotoxicological studies performed on graphene and its derivatives, and the key lessons learned from this decade‐long journey, are highlighted.
Active Locating Exciton‐ and Charge‐Initialized Degradation in Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Guangru , Zhao Shiqi , Gao Yang , Zhao Xiaofei
Published: January 2025

For quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLED), electrical aging commonly introduces collective aging sources across all layers, making it difficult to isolate the impact of each layer on electroluminescence (EL) degradation. In this work, a layer‐selective aging method using active photoexcitation is proposed, in which the photoexcitation wavelength is used to selectively target specific layers for exciton generation, and an electrical bias is applied to induce photocurrent and create charges. An iterative aging‐sampling (A‐S) procedure is used to link aging conditions to EL degradation. It is found that photo‐aging leads to strong but reversible quenching of EL intensity, which is interpreted as being caused by electrical field screening due to trapped charges in the quantum dot (QD) layer and requires electrical activation before the sampling (S) step. Repeated A‐S cycles in a model red QLED system show that excitations in the QD layer result in negligible EL degradation. In contrast, aging of the hole‐transport (HT) layer enables an acceleration of aging rate by 3 orders of magnitude compared to standard aging and is interpreted as a result of photo‐charge accumulation in the HT layer, particularly related to electrons and low electron mobility.
Target Discovery Driven by Chemical Biology and Computational Biology
Authors: Lyu Bohai , Gou Wenfeng , Xu Feifei , Chen Leyuan , Wang Zhiyun , Ren Zhonghao , Liu Gaiting , Li Yiliang , Hou Wenbin
Published: January 2025

Target identification is crucial for drug screening and development because it can reveal the mechanism of drug action and ensure the reliability and accuracy of the results. Chemical biology, an interdisciplinary field combining chemistry and biology, can assist in this process by studying the interactions between active molecular compounds and proteins and their physiological effects. It can also help predict potential drug targets or candidates, develop new biomarker assays and diagnostic reagents, and evaluate the selectivity and range of active compounds to reduce the risk of off‐target effects. Chemical biology can achieve these goals using techniques such as changing protein thermal stability, enzyme sensitivity, and molecular structure and applying probes, isotope labeling and mass spectrometry. Concurrently, computational biology employs a diverse array of computational models to predict drug targets. This approach also offers innovative avenues for repurposing existing drugs. In this paper, we review the reported chemical biology and computational biology techniques for identifying different types of targets that can provide valuable insights for drug target discovery.
Management of two dogs with post‐operative new‐onset persistent atrial fibrillation following mitral valve repair
Authors: Kurogochi Kentaro , Nishiyama Masako , Masaki Hiroyasu , Asakawa Midori Goto , Uechi Masami
Published: January 2025

Post‐operative new‐onset atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a possible complication following cardiac surgery. Digoxin is a drug with positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects and is listed among antiarrhythmic drugs that can be prescribed in dogs with atrial fibrillation. This report aims at describing the use of digoxin in two dogs with persistent POAF after mitral valve repair.

Case 1 was a Toy Poodle, neutered male, 12 years old, weighing 5.0 kg. The patient was diagnosed with the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Stage D myxomatous mitral valve disease without arrhythmia. The day of the surgery was defined as Day 1. Persistent POAF was diagnosed on Day 30 (1‐min mean heart rate of 206 bpm by in‐clinic electrocardiogram), and treatment with digoxin was started at a dose of 0.0040 mg/kg, p12h. The resolution of atrial fibrillation (AF) was confirmed at the follow‐up visit on Day 58 (1‐min mean heart rate of 162 bpm by in‐clinic electrocardiogram). Case 2 was a mixed‐breed dog, neutered male, 12 years old, weighing 7.6 kg. The patient was diagnosed with ACVIM Stage B2 myxomatous mitral valve disease without arrhythmia. After surgery, the patient had a normal sinus rhythm, but a paroxysmal ectopic atrial rhythm was observed on Day 32. Persistent POAF was diagnosed on Day 130 (1‐min mean heart rate of 216 bpm by in‐clinic electrocardiogram), and treatment with digoxin was started at a dose of 0.0037 mg/kg, p12h. The resolution of AF was confirmed on Day 151 (1‐min mean heart rate of 107 bpm by in‐clinic electrocardiogram).

In this report, the authors suspected that digoxin therapy could have contributed, among other factors, to cardioversion. However, specifically designed studies are needed to confirm this preliminary hypothesis.
Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality associated with mental disorders: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Chen Danni , Momen Natalie C. , Ejlskov Linda , Bødkergaard Katrine , Werenberg Dreier Julie , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Laustsen Lisbeth Mølgaard , Harper Sam , Hakulinen Christian , McGrath John J. , Plana‐Ripoll Oleguer
Published: January 2025

Mental disorders are associated with elevated mortality rates and reduced life expectancy. However, it is unclear whether these associations differ by socioeconomic position (SEP). The aim of this study was to explore comprehensively the role of individual‐level SEP in the associations between specific types of mental disorders and mortality (due to all causes, and to natural or external causes), presenting both relative and absolute measures. This was a cohort study including all residents in Denmark on January 1, 2000, following them up until December 31, 2020. Information on mental disorders, SEP (income percentile, categorized into low, <20%; medium, 20‐79%; and high, ≥80%), and mortality was obtained from nationwide registers. We computed the average reduction in life expectancy for those with mental disorders, relative and absolute differences in mortality rates, and proportional attributable fractions. Subgroup analyses by sex and age groups were performed. Overall, 5,316,626 individuals (2,689,749 females and 2,626,877 males) were followed up for 95.2 million person‐years. People with mental disorders had a shorter average life expectancy than the general population regardless of SEP (70.9‐77.0 vs. 77.2‐85.1 years, depending on income percentile). Among individuals with a mental disorder, the subgroup in the top 3% of the income distribution had the longest average life expectancy (77.0 years), and this estimate was lower than the shortest life expectancy in the general Danish population (77.2 years for individuals in the bottom 6% income distribution). The mortality rate differences were larger in the low‐income than the high‐income group (19.6 vs. 13.3 per 1,000 person‐years). For natural causes of death, a socioeconomic gradient for differences in life expectancy and mortality rates was observed across most diagnoses, both sexes, and all age groups. For external causes, no such gradient was observed. In the low‐SEP group, 10.1% of all deaths and 23.7% of those related to external causes were attributable to mental disorders, compared with 3.5% and 8.7% in the high‐SEP group. Thus, our data indicate that people with mental disorders have a shorter life expectancy even than people with the lowest SEP in the general population. The socioeconomic gradients in mortality rates due to natural causes highlight a greater need for coordinated care of physical diseases in people with mental disorders and low SEP.
Clinical consequence of the 4-week X-ray control after ESIN osteosynthesis of forearm fractures in children
Authors: Wegner Erik , Laubach Nora , Schippers Phillip , Schierjott Lotte , Shrotriya Rujuta , Gercek Erol , Drees Philipp , Dietz Sven-Oliver
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The absence of evidence based general guidelines for radiographic follow-ups of pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures treated with ESIN results in an arbitrary array of X-ray examinations. In most pediatric traumatology departments, an X-ray check is carried out 4 weeks after ESIN osteosynthesis of forearm shaft fractures to detect incipient consolidation of the fracture. However, the elevated sensitivity to ionizing radiation requires special precautions in the pediatric populations. To prevent the indiscriminate use of this diagnostic tool it is necessary to assess the consequence of routinely taken X-rays at the 4-week follow-up.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included 219 pediatric patients who underwent ESIN treatment for a diaphyseal forearm fracture between 2010 and 2018 at the same pediatric trauma center. The primary outcome was defined as the prevalence of aberrant radiographic findings (ARF) during the 4-week follow-up with an otherwise normal clinical course and examination. Pathologies in the physical exam and irregularities in the medical history were summarized as non-radiological abnormalities (nRD). Binary logistic regression was calculated to identify risk factors associated with an increased likelihood of an ARF.

Results

Of the 219 pediatric patients included, 123 patients had no nRDs at the 4-week follow-up. Only one patient was found to have an ARF (absolute risk = 0.008). Regression showed that the odds of receiving an ARF increased significantly as other nRDs were detected (p = 0.012, OR 14.554). A positive correlation was found especially for irregularities in the medical history (n = 59, p = 0.003, OR = 8.134).

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that standardized radiographic follow-up 4 weeks after surgical treatment has no clinical consequences if the course of the fracture is otherwise uneventful. It should be strictly reserved for pediatric patients with a complicated course.
mBAT: a newly developed mobile application for self-screening of pediatric bleeding disorders – a multi-center study
Authors: Sermcheep Arpatsorn , Natesirinilkul Rungrote , Komvilaisak Patcharee , Songthawee Natsaruth , Laohverapanich Kamala , Songdej Duantida , Wongwerawattanakoon Pakawan , Kadegasem Praguywan , Chuansumrit Ampaiwan , Sirachainan Nongnuch
Published: January 2025

Bleeding assessment tools (BATs) are used by trained medical personnel for screening bleeding disorders on a one-to-one basis with patients; hence, they are time-consuming and limited in use for large-population screening. The aims of the study were to develop, validate, and demonstrate a Thai BAT mobile application (mBAT) for self-screening of bleeding disorders. mBAT was developed and validated using the paper-based Thai version of pediatric bleeding questionnaire (TPBQ). Then, mBAT was applied to 916 subjects from communities and hematology clinics. Those with scores of ≥3 consented to further investigation of bleeding disorders. mBAT was developed for Thai children using simple sentences, a video introduction, pictures, and auto-calculation. It showed a high correlation with the TPBQ: r = 0.96 and 0.97 in the PBQ and ISTH scoring systems, respectively (P<0.01). A score ≥3 was considered abnormal. The mBAT was applied to 916 subjects, with a mean (range) age of 10.5 (0.07-18.0) years. Most subjects (97.3%) were from the community, and the rest (2.7%) were from hematology clinics. The results showed 41 subjects had abnormal scores, and 35 (16 from the community and 19 from clinics) consented to diagnostic investigation. Eleven subjects (31.4%) were found to have bleeding disorders, including four with VWD, two each with hemophilia A and thrombocytopenia, and one each with factor VII deficiency, platelet dysfunction, and MYH9-related disorder. Thus, the prevalence rates of bleeding disorders in the subjects whose scores ≥3 from community and hematology clinics were 6.25% and 52.6%, respectively. In conclusions, the mBAT had a high correlation with the TPBQ. As a self-screening tool, it could enhance the diagnosis of bleeding disorders.
Clinical and economic effects of the transformation from an open to a laparoscopic center for colorectal surgery
Authors: Zimmermann Markus , Abdalla Thaer S. A. , Schlüter Kai-Uwe , Thomaschewski Michael , Keck Tobias , Schlöricke Erik
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of transitioning from open to laparoscopic surgery for colorectal carcinoma in a primary care hospital setting. Despite the recognized benefits of laparoscopic surgery in postoperative recovery and its demonstrated oncological equivalence, only a minority of patients (30–40%) in Germany undergo laparoscopic procedures, primarily due to concerns which, in addition to the perioperative quality data and economic aspects, focus on patient safety.

Methods

Over a three-year period (2012–2014), the transformation process was observed in a colorectal cancer center. Data from 237 patients (115 laparoscopic; 122 open) were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. Short-term outcomes, including demographic data, perioperative complications, and quality metrics, as well as long-term survival data, were included.

Results

Laparoscopic surgery demonstrated several advantages. Postoperative intensive care needs decreased significantly (average length of stay: laparoscopic 1.2 days vs. open 2.5 days; p = 0.032). Hospital stays were also shorter following laparoscopic surgery (median laparoscopic 10 days vs. median open 14 days; p = 0.011). Quality of specimens, particularly lymph node retrieval, remained comparable (median laparoscopic = 18 vs. median open = 19). Survival data showed non- inferiority of the laparoscopic approach. Despite higher initial costs, laparoscopic surgery yielded cost savings of approximately 3150 € per case due to reduced intensive care and shorter hospital stays.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of transitioning from open to laparoscopic oncologic colorectal surgery in a primary care hospital setting. The findings suggest that such a transition can be accomplished without compromising the quality of specimens, while also realizing cost savings and maintaining patient safety.
The effect of cardiac catheterization on thyroid functions in infants with congenital heart diseases: a prospective observational study
Authors: Elbaz Boshra A. , Elmarsafawy Hala M. , Laimon Wafaa N.
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the incidence, clinical course, and risk factors of hypothyroidism following cardiac catheter (CC) in infants with congenital heart diseases (CHD). This prospective study involved 115 patients with CHD, all aged 3 years or younger, who underwent CC, as well as 100 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Baseline thyroid function tests (TFTs) were conducted for both the patients and controls. In the CHD cohort, TFTs were reassessed 4 weeks after the CC, and for those with abnormal TFT values at this time, the tests were repeated after 2 weeks. Levothyroxine was started for patients with persistent abnormal TFTs, at 4 weeks and 6 weeks assessments after CC. Four weeks after CC, 12% of the studied group exhibited hypothyroidism. Univariate analysis identified significant predictors of hypothyroidism following CC: aortic stenosis (RR = 10.0 (1.49–66.99), P = 0.018), duration of fluoroscopy during CC (RR = 2.12 (0.99–4.26), P = 0.05), and total iodinated contrast media (iCM) during CC (RR = 2.5 (1.35–3.55), P = 0.019). Multivariate analysis indicated that iCM dose was the sole significant predictor of developing hypothyroidism (RR = 2.10 (1.01–3.23), P = 0.04). ROC curve analysis showed that the cut-off point of iCM dose for prediction of hypothyroidism evolution is 8.7 gm/kg, (sensitivity: 83%, specificity: 65%), while the cut-off point of fluoroscopy duration which predicts the development of hypothyroidism is 24 min (sensitivity: 83%, specificity: 66%). Acquired hypothyroidism after CC persisted in 4% of this cohort for 6 months.

Conclusion: Higher doses of iCM and longer duration of fluoroscope during CC are risk factors for the evolution of hypothyroidism post-CC. We recommend assessing thyroid profile 4 weeks after CC, particularly in patients who received an iCM dose greater than 8.7 gm/kg and/or exposed to fluoroscopy for more than 24 min.

What is known:

• The use of excess iodine leads to transient inhibition of thyroid hormones biosynthesis via the Wolff-Chaikoff effect.

• Infants with congenital heart diseases (CHD) are more prone to hypothyroidism due to higher frequency of abnormal thyroid morphology and routine exposure to supraphysiological doses of iodine.

What is new:

• Exposure to a total dose of iodinated contrast media more than 8.7 gm/kg and a fluoroscopy duration more than 24 min during cardiac catheter are risk factors for the evolution of thyroid hypofunction following cardiac catheter.
Impact of skeletal muscle mass of the trunk and extremities on standing spine parameters before and after surgery for adult spinal deformity with a minimum 2-year follow-up
Authors: Ohba Tetsuro , Tanaka Nobuki , Oda Kotaro , Katsu Marina , Takei Hayato , Go Goto , Haro Hirotaka
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The effect of skeletal muscle mass of the trunk and extremities on sagittal imbalance of the spine before and after surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD) has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between reduced skeletal muscle mass of the trunk and extremities, as well as spinopelvic parameters, preoperatively, postoperatively and at least 2 years after surgery for ASD.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included 140 consecutive patients who had undergone surgery for ASD and were followed-up for at least 2 years and whose skeletal muscle mass could be measured preoperatively using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Correlations between skeletal muscle mass and spinopelvic parameters were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively, and after 2 years of follow-up.

Results

All spinopelvic parameters were significantly improved postoperatively compared with preoperatively. Between the postoperative period and two years post-surgery, a significant loss of correction was observed in SVA and GT. Trunk muscles mass showed significant negative correlations with preoperative PT, SS, PI-LL, SVA, GT, and TPA, but there was no significant correlation with postoperative parameters. Through univariate and multivariate regression analysis, lower limb skeletal muscle mass showed a significant negative correlation with SVA at two years postoperatively and the loss of corrected SVA (ΔSVA) over two years.

Conclusion

This study revealed that lower extremity muscle mass was implicated in the loss of corrected SVA 2 years after surgery. This study is clinically meaningful as it suggests that strength training for the lower extremities, performed preoperatively and/or postoperatively, can improve sagittal imbalances of the spine in patients with severe ASD or maintain SVA after corrective surgery.

Level of evidence

3.
A proof of $${\mathfrak {L}}^2$$-boundedness for magnetic pseudodifferential super operators via matrix representations with respect to parseval frames
Authors: Lee Gihyun , Lein Max
Published: January 2025

A fundamental result in pseudodifferential theory is the Calderón–Vaillancourt theorem, which states that a pseudodifferential operator defined from a Hörmander symbol of order 0 defines a bounded operator on

$$L^2({\mathbb {R}}^d)$$

L
2

(

R

d

)

. In this work we prove an analog for pseudodifferential super operator, i. e. operators acting on other operators, in the presence of magnetic fields. More precisely, we show that magnetic pseudodifferential super operators of order 0 define bounded operators on the space of Hilbert–Schmidt operators

$${\mathfrak {L}}^2 \bigl ( {\mathcal {B}} \bigl ( L^2({\mathbb {R}}^d) \bigr ) \bigr )$$

L

2

(

B

(

L
2

(

R

d

)

)

)

. Our proof is inspired by the recent work of Cornean et al. (J Fourier Anal Appl 30(21):1–21, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00041-024-10072-4) and rests on a characterization of magnetic pseudodifferential super operators in terms of their “matrix elements” computed with respect to a Parseval frame.
The impact of past and current district-level climatic shifts on maize production and the implications for South African farmers
Authors: Mangani Robert , Mazarura Jocelyn , Matlou Solly , Marquart Arnim , Archer Emma , Creux Nicky
Published: January 2025

South Africa’s climate studies generally focus on coarser provincial levels, which aid policy recommendations, but have limited application at the farm level. District level climate studies are essential for farmer participation in climate change mitigation strategies and management. Our study aimed to investigate historical climate data for trends and their influence on maize yields at the magisterial level. Six sites were selected from three major maize-producing provinces in South Africa: Mpumalanga, Northwest, and Free State. Magisterial districts in each province were selected from different Köppen-Geiger climate zones. The climate variables assessed by the Mann–Kendall trend test included maximum or minimum temperature, rainfall, number of extreme high-temperature days, rainfall onset and cessation from 1986 to 2016. The average maximum temperatures were observed to have significant upward trends in most locations, except for Schweizer-Reneke and Bethlehem. The fastest rate of change was observed at Klerksdorp (0.1 °C per 30 years of study), while the Schweizer-Reneke district was the slowest (0.05 °C per 30 years of study). No significant changes were observed in rainfall onset, cessation, or total rainfall in Schweizer-Reneke, Standerton, and Bethlehem, which are scattered across the different provinces. The other districts in each province showed significant changes in these parameters. Rainfall accounted for the significant variation in maize yields over the study period, explaining between 18 and 40% of the variation in the North West, and between 1 and 17% in the Free State. These findings highlight the importance of understanding location-specific changes at a finer scale, which can help farming communities adjust agronomic practices and adapt to local climate shifts.
Texture discrimination via Hilbert curve path based information quantifiers
Authors: Bariviera Aurelio F. , Hansen Roberta , Pastor Verónica E.
Published: January 2025

The analysis of the spatial arrangement of colors and roughness/smoothness of figures is relevant due to its wide range of applications. This paper proposes a texture characterization method that extracts data from images using the Hilbert curve. Three information theory quantifiers are then computed: permutation entropy, permutation complexity, and Fisher information measure. The proposal exhibits some important properties: (i) it allows discrimination between figures according to varying degrees of correlations (as measured by the Hurst exponent), (ii) it is invariant to rotation and symmetry transformations, (iii) it is invariant to image scaling, (iv) it can be used for both black and white and color images. Validations have been performed not only using synthetic images but also using the well-known Brodatz image database.
Optical assessment of lignin-containing nanocellulose films under extended sunlight exposure
Authors: Nizamov Rustem , Kaschuk Joice , Al Haj Yazan , Nyberg Mikael , Imani Monireh , Pasquier Eva , Rojas Orlando , Abitbol Tiffany , Vapaavuori Jaana , Miettunen Kati
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the stability and UV-blocking properties of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TOCNF) films, with and without lignin, under 1000 h of artificial sunlight. The literature to date provides no quantitative analysis of such films’ stability, however such insight is critical for optoelectronic applications for instance solar cells. This contribution examines the films from practical perspectives, considering aging with respect to their optical performance and retention of UV protective qualities. Films containing residual lignin (LignoCNF and LignoTOCNF), and lignin nanoparticles (CNF-LNP and TOCNF-LNP) demonstrated remarkable UV-blocking stability; even after the aging transmittance of LignoCNF and CNF-LNP films remained lower than 1% below 390 nm. Most lignin-containing films exhibited increased transmittance between 400 and 600 nm after aging, except for LignoTOCNF, which showed a decrease in transmittance that was comparable to that displayed by non-lignin films. Nevertheless, long-term light exposure induced a decrease in their mechanical properties. Tensile tests revealed increased brittleness in CNF and LignoCNF, while LNP-containing films showed reduced strain at the break. The observed changes were linked to the potential oxidation of COO- groups and structural modifications in both cellulose and lignin. Overall, the incorporation of lignin into nanocellulose films enhances their durability, UV protection, and mechanical stability, making them promising candidates for sustainable optoelectronic applications.
Exploring adoption of humanoid robots in education: UTAUT-2 and TOE models for science teachers
Authors: Ates Hüseyin , Polat Merve
Published: January 2025

This study examines the factors influencing science teachers’ intentions to adopt humanoid robots in educational settings. It employs the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT-2) and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework as guiding theoretical models. By integrating UTAUT-2, which emphasizes individual factors, and TOE, which addresses organizational and environmental influences, the study constructs a comprehensive model that explores both personal and contextual drivers of adoption. Utilizing structural equation modeling on a sample of 1,150 pre-service and in-service science teachers, the study reveals that the integrated model demonstrates superior predictive power compared to each framework individually. Results highlight the moderating role of professional experience in the adoption process, with significant differences identified between pre-service and in-service teachers. The findings reveal significant differences between pre-service and in-service teachers, illustrating the moderating role of professional experience in the adoption process. This study provides a deeper understanding of how motivational, organizational, and environmental factors interact to influence adoption intentions. These insights provide practical guidance for developing targeted training programs, promoting institutional readiness through well-crafted policy initiatives, and implementing pilot projects to support schools in the effective integration of humanoid robots into educational curricula. These findings provide actionable insights for educational policymakers and practitioners aiming to enhance teaching quality and student engagement through innovative technologies.
The Importance of Self-Selection and Childcare Leave Length for Child Penalty
Authors: Österbacka Eva , Räsänen Tapio
Published: January 2025

Childbirth has consequences for mothers’ labour market outcomes which in turn has consequences for gender differences in pay. In the Finnish context, earnings-related parental leave can be extended with home care allowance which enables mothers to choose their childcare leave length with varying benefit levels. We empirically test the importance of choice of childcare leave length for the subsequent child penalty. We apply Finnish register data with information on the length of childcare leave at the individual and workplace levels. By using workplace comparisons, we can account for some of the endogeneity in choices of workplace, parity, and childcare leave length. By instrumenting the leave length with varying home care allowance levels, we categorise always-takers, never-takers, and compliers. We find that the child penalty is heterogeneous and highly related to the choice of leave length. Always-takers use longer leaves than the workplace average and are penalised, while never-takers use shorter leaves than the workplace average and experience only a mild child penalty. Compliers adjust their leave lengths to the allowance level and experience child penalties in between. These results support that self-selection of childcare leave length has implications for post-birth outcomes and in addition, that family policy can affect the child penalty and the gender gap in pay.
Experiences of Intimate-Partner Violence and Violence from a Family Member During COVID-19 Among LGBTQ Adults in Australia
Authors: Worrell Shane , Melendez-Torres G. J. , Bourne Adam , Macioti Paola Gioia , Hill Adam O. , Amos Natalie
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique challenges and concerns regarding the potential exacerbation of violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and gender diverse and queer people from intimate partners and family members. The impacts of the pandemic may have been disproportionately felt by LGBTQ communities who already experienced high rates of intimate-partner violence and violence from family members entering the pandemic.

Method

Data from 3,135 LGBTQ adults who completed an online survey of their experiences in Australia during the pandemic were analysed. Logistic regressions analyses were used to explore sociodemographic characteristics associated with rates of violence from an intimate partner or family member during the pandemic as well as the impact of government-ordered lockdowns on experience of these types of violence by comparing the states that experienced more extensive lockdowns (Victoria and New South Wales) to the rest of Australia.

Results

The study revealed high rates of violence from an intimate partner (16.9%) or family member (29.1%) during the pandemic, with many indicating that this violence was new or worsening during the pandemic. Experiences of IPV and violence from a family member were found to vary across gender, sexual orientation, multicultural background and residential location. However, no evidence suggested that lockdowns specifically had impacted the prevalence of IPV or violence from a family member within the LGBTQ community with rates not differing across states.

Conclusions

The risks of violence from an intimate partner or family member among LGBTQ individuals were high during the pandemic in Australia, regardless of lockdown measures. The findings underscore the importance of efforts to understand the systemic factors influencing IPV and violence from a family member within the LGBTQ community and address the enduring impacts of the pandemic.
Szász–Mirakjan–Durrmeyer operators defined by multiple Appell polynomials
Authors: Abel Ulrich , Agratini Octavian , Păltănea Radu
Published: January 2025

The paper aims at approximating functions through a sequence of linear positive operators of continuous type. First we define the Appell polynomials of dimension d

$$(d\ge 2)$$

(
d
≥
2
)

and with their aid we expand the Szász–Mirakjan operators in the Durrmeyer sense. The investigation of the new class of operators involves the study of convergence by using the universal Bohman–Korovkin theorem and the indication of the error by using modulus of smoothness. The main results are given by the asymptotic expansion of both the operators and their derivatives with the explicit specification of all coefficients in a concise form. In particular, Voronovskaja type theorems are obtained.
A plea for modelling in ethics
Authors: Bykvist Krister , Roussos Joe
Published: January 2025

We present an argument about the methodology of ethics, broadly conceived, drawing on recent research on modelling in the philosophy of science. More specifically, we argue that normative ethics should adopt the methodology of modelling. We make our case in two parts. First, despite the perhaps unfamiliar terminology, modelling already happens in ethics. We identify it, and argue that its practice could be improved by recognising that it is modelling and by adopting some methodological lessons from philosophy of science. Second, modelling should be adopted more widely within normative ethics, because it fits well with various methodological ends we shall identify. Models can be used to investigate ethical questions in a manner that is systematic but relatively free of foundational theoretical commitments in first-order ethics. Models are more local, and less ambitious, than theories. They can be used to break deadlocks, by focusing attention on the particularities of a sub-domain and by providing a common tool–the surrogate model system–which each side can use to make their principles precise, illustrate the implications of their view, and identify sources of disagreement or points of agreement. We are pluralists about method, so this is not a call to abandon other philosophical methods. It is simply a plea for modelling, motivated by the method’s independent benefits and its fruitfulness in resolving some persistent methodological problems in ethics.
In vitro gas production and rumen fermentation for diets containing increasing levels of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa with or without spirulina
Authors: Meteab M. I. , Khorshed M. M. , EL-Essawy Abeer M. , Nassar M. S. , El-Bordeny N. E.
Published: January 2025

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of substituting alfalfa hay with graded levels panicum maximum without or with graded levels of spirulina supplementation on rumen fermentation and nutrient degradability. The evaluation was achieved through an in vitro study, rumen fluid was obtained from adult sheep aged 2 years (fed clover hay), immediately after slaughter. Experimental diets were formulated as isonitrogenous and isocaloric and contained 40% forage. Forage composition was altered by substituting alfalfa hay with graded levels of panicum maximum hay, so that treatment diets contained 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the forage from panicum maximum for treatments R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5, respectively. Additionally, each treatment was further supplemented with graded levels of spirulina at the following rates: 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/g. Results indicated that gas production after 24 h per g DM, OM and DDM has a positive linear relationship with spirulina supplementation level (R2 = 0.80, 0.83, and 0.93, respectively). The gas production increased by increasing the level of Spirulina. However negative linear relationships were recorded between gas production per g DM, OM, DDM and alfalfa substitution level (R2 = 0.97, 0.95, and 0.96, respectively) which the gas production decreased as the substitution level increased. In vitro degradability of dry and organic matter was decreased by the increment of Panicum maximum and Spirulina supplementation levels and vice versa, until 2 mg/g of Spirulina (p < .0001). The addition of Spirulina significantly (p < .0001) increased total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and NH3 concentration, until 2mg/g, while the addition of Panicum maximum hay significantly increased NH3 concentration, until it reached at (R4). In conclusion, the substitution of alfalfa hay with graded levels of Panicum maximum hay may be reduce nutrients degradability and gas production while supplementing diets with graded level of spirulina improve degradability and ruminal fermentation parameters.
The Relationship between Noise Pollution and Depression and Implications for Healthy Aging: A Spatial Analysis Using Routinely Collected Primary Care Data
Authors: Tsimpida Dialechti , Tsakiridi Anastasia
Published: January 2025

Environmental noise is a significant public health concern, ranking among the top environmental risks to citizens’ health and quality of life. Despite extensive research on atmospheric pollution’s impact on mental health, spatial studies on noise pollution effects are lacking. This study fills this gap by exploring the association between noise pollution and depression in England, with a focus on localised patterns based on area deprivation. Depression prevalence, defined as the percentage of patients with a recorded depression diagnosis, was calculated for small areas within Cheshire and Merseyside ICS using the Quality and Outcomes Framework Indicators dataset for 2019. Strategic noise mapping for rail and road noise (Lden) was used to measure 24-h annual average noise levels, with adjustments for evening and night periods. The English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) was employed to represent neighborhood deprivation. Geographically weighted regression and generalised structural equation spatial modeling (GSESM) assessed the relationships between transportation noise, depression prevalence, and IMD at the Lower Super Output Area level. The study found that while transportation noise had a low direct effect on depression levels, it significantly mediated other factors associated with depression. Notably, GSESM showed that health deprivation and disability were strongly linked (0.62) to depression through the indirect effect of noise, especially where transportation noise exceeds 55 dB on a 24-h basis. Understanding these variations is crucial for developing noise mitigation strategies. This research offers new insights into noise, deprivation, and mental health, supporting targeted interventions to improve quality of life and address health inequalities.
Perceived cognitive impairment and occupational functioning in prostate cancer survivors: an exploratory cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Pembroke Lorna , Sherman Kerry A. , Dhillon Haryana M. , Francis Heather , Gillatt David , Gurney Howard
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Perceived cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) has been reported in prostate cancer survivors. Little is known about how CRCI impacts occupational functioning in working-aged prostate cancer survivors (PCS). This study aimed to investigate the association between CRCI and occupational functioning in PCS.

Methods

Data from 51 PCS, who were employed at the time of diagnosis, undergoing hormonal treatments (e.g., androgen deprivation therapy) or ‘watchful waiting’/ ‘active surveillance’, were analysed. An online survey assessed CRCI using the FACT-Cog Perceived Cognitive Impairments (PCI20) subscale, the EORTC-QLQ-30 two-item cognitive functioning scale, and a single ‘Yes/No’ CRCI item (i.e., were ‘changes in thinking (e.g., memory, attention)’ experienced as a treatment side effect). PCS also indicated ‘Yes/No’ to changes to their ability to work, performance of work duties, and decreased work hours. Logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between CRCI measures and occupational outcomes.

Results

Of the 51 PCS, 19 (37%) endorsed experiencing cognitive side effects from treatment. The single ‘Yes/No’ CRCI question was significantly associated with perceived changes in work ability and ability to perform work duties at the same level. PCI20 and the EORTC-QLQ-30 cognitive functioning scale were not significantly associated with any occupational outcomes.

Conclusion

Perceived CRCI is associated with adverse changes to occupational functioning and is important to consider when PCS are making plans to return-to-work following treatment.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Prostate cancer survivors may experience cognitive changes, which may impact their work ability.