bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals pervasive but highly cell type-specific genetic ancestry effects on the response to viral infection
Authors: Randolph Haley E , Mu Zepeng , Fiege Jessica K , Thielen Beth K , Grenier Jean-Christophe , Cobb Mari S , Hussin Julie G , Li Yang I , Langlois Ryan A , Barreiro Luis B
Published: December 2020

Humans vary in their susceptibility to infectious disease, partly due to variation in the immune response following infection. Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing to quantify genetic contributions to this variation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, focusing specifically on the transcriptional response to influenza infection. We find that monocytes are the most responsive to influenza infection, but that all cell types mount a conserved interferon response, which is stronger in individuals with increased European ancestry. By comparing European American and African American individuals, we show that genetic ancestry effects on expression are common, influencing 29% of genes, but highly cell type-specific. Further, we demonstrate that much of this population-associated expression variation is explained bycisexpression quantitative trait loci, which are enriched for signatures of recent positive selection. Our findings establish commoncis-regulatory variants—including those that are differentiated by genetic ancestry—as important determinants of the antiviral immune response.
Synthesis, structure, and theoretical studies of a calcium complex of a unique dianion derived from 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one
Authors: Butcher Ray J. , Purdy Andrew P. , Brown Paul A. , Gunlycke Daniel
Published: December 2020

The title compound, catena-poly[[tetrakis(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one-κO)calcium(II)]-μ-(E)-1,1′-dimethyl-2,2′-dioxo-1,1′,2,2′-tetrahydro-[3,3′-bipyrrolylidene]-5,5′-bis(thiolato)-κ2
O:O′], [Ca(C10H8N2O2S2)(C5H9NO)4]
n
, 1, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P\overline{1}. The crystal studied was twinned by non-merohedry via two different twofold operations, about the normals to (001) and (1\overline{1}0), giving four twin domains with refined occupancies of 0.412 (4), 0.366 (4), 0.055 (1), 0.167 (4). The Ca atoms are located on centers of inversion. Each Ca is surrounded by four 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (NMP) ligands and coordinated through one of the two O atoms to two (E)-1,1′-dimethyl-2,2′-dioxo-1,1′,2,2′-tetrahydro-[3,3′-bipyrrolylidene]-5,5′-bis(thiolate), [C10H8N2O2S2]2−, dianions (abbreviation: DMTBT). This dianion thus facilitates the formation of a 1-D polymer, which propagates in the [011] direction. These ribbons are linked by intermolecular C—H...S interactions. Each Ca atom is in an octahedral CaO6 six-coordinate environment with Ca—O bond lengths ranging from 2.308 (6) to 2.341 (6) Å, cis bond angles ranging from 88.2 (2) to 91.8 (2)° and the trans angles all 180° due to the Ca atoms being located on centers of inversion. Theoretical calculations were carried out using density functional theory (DFT) and the results showed that although the central DMTBT dianion is planar there is likely some resonance across the central bond between both azapentyl rings, but this is not sufficient to establish a ring current. The calculated UV–vis spectrum shows a peak at 625 nm, which accounts for the deep blue–purple color of solutions of the complex.
Performative seduction: how management consultants influence practices of leadership
Authors: Ford Jackie , Harding Nancy
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This paper tracks how a policy recommended by management consultants becomes embedded as an integral part of leadership practice. It explores the launch of the concept of “talent management” by McKinsey & Company and how it becomes adopted as part of expected leadership practices in the English National Health Service. The use of Management Consultants globally has increased exponentially, and the paper considers this phenomenon and the ways in which management consultant advice influences public sector leadership and practice at local level.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study approach is adopted, focussing on the introduction of the concept of talent management into the English NHS, following the wider emergence of the concept through influential reports published by McKinsey & Company in the late 1990s. An analysis of the emergence of the concept is conducted drawing on this series of reports and the adoption of talent management policies and practices by the English government's Department of Health.

Findings

These influential reports by the management consultancy firm, McKinsey & Company, constituted an urgent need for this newly identified concept of talent management and the secrecy surrounding its reception. It is this mystery surrounding the decisions about a talent management strategy in the NHS and the concealment of decisions behind closed doors, which leads us to offer a theory of management consultants' influence on leaders as one of performative seduction.

Originality/value

Management consultancy is a vast business whose influence reaches deeply into public and private sector organisations around the world. Understanding of the variegated policies and practices that constitute contemporary modes of governance therefore requires comprehension of management consultants' role within those policies and practices. This paper argues that management consultants influence public sector leadership through insertion of their products into definitions of, and performative constitution of, local level leadership.
Validation of a noninvasive prognostic signature for allograft failure following BK virus associated nephropathy
Authors: Abuhelaiqa Essa , Snopkowski Catherine , Li Carol , Salvatore Steve , Lee John R. , Muthukumar Thangamani , Lee Jun B. , Hartono Choli , Ding Ruchuang , Seshan Surya V. , Suthanthiran Manikkam , Dadhania Darshana M.
Published: December 2020

Identifying kidney transplant recipients at risk for graft failure following BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) may allow personalization of therapy. We have reported that a noninvasive composite signature of urinary cell level of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1(PAI‐1) mRNA and serum creatinine level, measured at the time of BKVN diagnosis, is prognostic of graft failure. In this investigation, we determined whether the composite signature is prognostic of graft failure in an independent cohort of 25 patients with BKVN. Of the 25 patients, 8 developed graft failure and 17 did not. We measured urinary cell levels of PAI‐1 mRNA, 18S rRNA, and BKV VP1 mRNA at the time of BKVN diagnosis and evaluated clinical parameters including Banff pathology scores, acute rejection, and graft function. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the noninvasive composite signature was 0.95 (P < .001) for prognosticating graft failure. The previously reported threshold of −0.858 predicted graft failure with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 94%. Our current study validates the use of composite signature and the threshold of −0.858 to identify those at risk for graft failure following BKVN diagnosis, and supports future studies utilizing the composite signature score to personalize treatment of BKVN.
Windows of vulnerability: Seasonal mismatches in exposure and resource identity determine ocean acidification’s effect on a primary consumer at high latitude
Authors: Kroeker Kristy J. , Powell Cassandra , Donham Emily M.
Published: December 2020

It is well understood that differences in the cues used by consumers and their resources in fluctuating environments can give rise to trophic mismatches governing the emergent effects of global change. Trophic mismatches caused by changes in consumer energetics during periods of low resource availability have received far less attention, although this may be common for consumers during winter when primary producers are limited by light. Even less is understood about these dynamics in marine ecosystems, where consumers must cope with energetically costly changes in CO2‐driven carbonate chemistry that will be most pronounced in cold temperatures. This may be especially important for calcified marine herbivores, such as the pinto abalone (Haliotis kamschatkana). H. kamschatkana are of high management concern in the North Pacific due to the active recreational fishery and their importance among traditional cultures, and research suggests they may require more energy to maintain their calcified shells and acid/base balance with ocean acidification. Here we use field surveys to demonstrate seasonal mismatches in the exposure of marine consumers to low pH and algal resource identity during winter in a subpolar, marine ecosystem. We then use these data to test how the effects of exposure to seasonally relevant pH conditions on H. kamschatkana are mediated by seasonal resource identity. We find that exposure to projected future winter pH conditions decreases metabolism and growth, and this effect on growth is pronounced when their diet is limited to the algal species available during winter. Our results suggest that increases in the energetic demands of pinto abalone caused by ocean acidification during winter will be exacerbated by seasonal shifts in their resources. These findings have profound implications for other marine consumers and highlight the importance of considering fluctuations in exposure and resources when inferring the emergent effects of global change.
DO WE REALLY OFFER REFUGE? Using Galtung's Concept of Structural Violence to Interrogate Refugee Resettlement Support in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Rafferty Rachel , Burgin Anna , Anderson Vivienne
Published: December 2020

Although the impact of physical violence on refugees’ lives is well documented, the impact of structural violence on their post-settlement experiences is less clearly recognised and conceptualised. Structural violence refers to harm to human wellbeing caused by social structures such as economic systems, legal frameworks and government institutions. This concept calls into question the quality of ‘refuge’ offered to refugees in societies where they will encounter sharp economic inequalities and multiple barriers to their social participation. We present a case study of Aotearoa New Zealand, a society with low levels of physical violence but significant forms of structural violence, and explore how these structural inequities impact resettled refugees in particular ways. By defining and conceptualising the negative impacts that structural violence can have on refugees’ experience of resettlement, we hope to contribute to future resettlement practices that will recognise not only the physical violence that former refugees have faced in the past, but also better support them to overcome the structural challenges they face in their new home.
Bell correlations between light and vibration at ambient conditions
Authors: Tarrago Velez Santiago , Sudhir Vivishek , Sangouard Nicolas , Galland Christophe
Published: December 2020

The strongest form of quantum correlation is measured between light and vibration at ambient conditions.
Reconfigurable submicrometer spin-wave majority gate with electrical transducers
Authors: Talmelli Giacomo , Devolder Thibaut , Träger Nick , Förster Johannes , Wintz Sebastian , Weigand Markus , Stoll Hermann , Heyns Marc , Schütz Gisela , Radu Iuliana P. , Gräfe Joachim , Ciubotaru Florin , Adelmann Christoph
Published: December 2020

Time-resolved x-ray microscopy and microwave measurements reveal the operation of submicrometer spin wave majority gates.
Network structure of the mouse brain connectome with voxel resolution
Authors: Coletta Ludovico , Pagani Marco , Whitesell Jennifer D. , Harris Julie A. , Bernhardt Boris , Gozzi Alessandro
Published: December 2020

High-resolution mapping of the mouse axonal connectome reveals new foundational wiring principles of the mammalian brain.
Gas flow through atomic-scale apertures
Authors: Thiruraman Jothi Priyanka , Dar Sidra Abbas , Masih Das Paul , Hassani Nasim , Neek-Amal Mehdi , Keerthi Ashok , Drndić Marija , Radha Boya
Published: December 2020

Atomically narrow apertures show fast transport of helium.
Structural basis of client specificity in mitochondrial membrane-protein chaperones
Authors: Sučec Iva , Wang Yong , Dakhlaoui Ons , Weinhäupl Katharina , Jores Tobias , Costa Doriane , Hessel Audrey , Brennich Martha , Rapaport Doron , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten , Bersch Beate , Schanda Paul
Published: December 2020

A balance of dynamic hydrophobic and hydrophilic contacts enables client specificity in mitochondrial membrane-protein chaperones.
Inorganic Photovoltaic Solar Cells: Silicon and Beyond
Authors: Tao Meng
Published: December 2020

Photovoltaic solar cells tap into sunlight—the most abundant renewable energy source on the Earth—for electricity. Our planet receives ∼1.2×1017 W of solar power, while the rate of current worldwide energy consumption is ∼10,000 times smaller at ∼1.3×1013 W. This means that the Earth receives more solar energy in an hour than the total energy it consumes in an entire year. Solar energy alone has the capacity to meet all the planet’s energy needs for the foreseeable future.
From the LDM Division Chair
Authors: Happek Uwe
Published: December 2020

The Luminescence and Display Division (LDM), formed only in 1993 (a rather “young” group relative to many of the “classic” ECS Divisions), provides a forum for all aspects of light-emitting processes and techniques for their implementation.
Rethinking Multifunction in Three Dimensions for Miniaturizing Electrical Energy Storage
Authors: Dunn Bruce , Long Jeffrey , Rolison Debra
Published: December 2020

Electrical energy storage in batteries and electrochemical capacitors (ECs) will be vital for any future success in the global effort to shift energy usage away from fossil fuels. A marked improvement in the performance of these power sources is critical for this effort, yet both are mature technologies with over two centuries worth of chemical energy storage in batteries, while the physical principles underlying storing charge at electrochemical interfaces date to Helmholtz.
JES Classics: ECS Science at Its Best: Looking Back, Charging Ahead
Authors: Hess Dennis W.
Published: December 2020

The silicon-silicon dioxide (Si-SiO2) interface system is the heart and soul of silicon microelectronic devices and integrated circuits. The importance of this interface system for device fabrication and operation began with the recognition that a thermally-grown SiO2 layer on silicon can serve as both a diffusion barrier to dopants and a means to reduce the silicon surface state density.
Small Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: December 2020

Thermoelectric generators are all solid-state devices that convert heat into electricity. Unlike traditional dynamic heat engines, thermoelectric generators contain no moving parts and are completely silent. Such generators have been used reliably for over 30 years of maintenance-free operation in deep space probes such as the Voyager missions of NASA.
Modeling Positive Plate Corrosion in Lead–Acid Batteries
Authors: Boovaragavan Vijayasekaran
Published: December 2020

2009 ECS Oronzio de Nora Industrial Electrochemistry Fellowship Report
A High-Salt Diet Disturbs the Development and Function of Natural Killer Cells in Mice
Authors: Zeng Xiaokang , Li Yan , Lv Weibiao , Dong Xinhuai , Zeng Chong , Zeng Liming , Wei Zibo , Lin Xu , Ma Yanning , Xiao Qiang
Published: December 2020

A high-salt diet (HSD) is common worldwide and can lead to cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, increasing evidence shows that HSD is closely related to a variety of immune diseases. Natural killer (NK) cells are important innate immune cells that directly kill their targets via degranulation and secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-γ). NK cells play a vital role in resisting viruses and preventing the malignant transformation of cells; however, whether HSD affects the development and function of NK cells has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to understand the effects of HSD on the development and function of NK cells, in addition to investigating the underlying molecular mechanism. Our results show that the number of NK cells in the spleen and lungs of HSD-fed mice was significantly reduced, which may be due to the inhibition of NK cell proliferation. Further, the development of NK cells in mice was evaluated, and it was found that HSD reduced the effective NK cell subset (CD27+CD11b-). Moreover, it was also found that the ability of NK cells to secrete CD107a and IFN-γ in HSD-fed mice was decreased following stimulation with RMA-S and YAC-1 tumor cells. Finally, the underlying molecular mechanism was evaluated, and it was found that HSD increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NK cells, while the expression of CD122 was decreased, suggesting that HSD downregulates CD122 expression in NK cells via ROS signaling, thereby reducing the responsiveness to IL-15 and ultimately inhibiting NK cell function. The present research discovered a novel mechanism by which HSD inhibits the function of NK cells, providing an alternative avenue for the treatment of immune diseases caused by HSD.
Delaying Cochlear Implantation Impacts Postoperative Speech Perception of Nontraditional Pediatric Candidates
Authors: Park Lisa R. , Perkins Elizabeth L. , Woodard Jennifer S. , Brown Kevin D.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: As pediatric cochlear implant (CI) candidacy expands, children with greater degrees of residual hearing are receiving CIs. These nontraditional candidates have audiometric thresholds that meet adult manufacturer labeling but are better than current pediatric guidelines allow. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of delayed cochlear implantation on speech perception in nontraditional pediatric CI recipients. Methods: Pediatric CI recipients with a history of progressive hearing loss and a preoperative 4-frequency pure-tone average of ≤75 dB HL at the time of implantation were considered for this retrospective study. Preoperative serial audiograms and word recognition scores were reviewed, and a method was created to establish a date when each individual ear 1st met nontraditional candidacy. The length of time between the date of candidacy and implantation was calculated and defined as the “delay time.” A multiple linear regression investigated delay time, age at surgery, surgery type (1st vs. 2nd side), and array type as predictive factors of maximum postoperative Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) word scores. A one-way ANCOVA was performed comparing the postoperative CNC scores between subjects grouped by delay time. Results: A significant regression was found (F(4, 38) = 5.167, p = 0.002, R2 = 0.353). Both age at implantation (p = 0.023) and delay time (p = 0.002) predicted CNC word scores. Longer delay time was associated with poorer word recognition scores, while older age at implantation correlated with higher CNC word scores in this progressive hearing loss group. A significant difference was noted between subjects implanted with <1 year of delay and those with 3 or more years of delay (p = 0.003). All ears implanted within a year of candidacy achieved word recognition abilities that are generally accepted as above average (M = 84.91). Conclusion: CI candidacy for adults has evolved to allow for greater degrees of residual hearing, while audiometric guidelines for children have not changed since 2000. Our findings suggest that delay of cochlear implantation, even for children with significant levels of residual hearing, leads to poorer outcomes. Modified candidacy guidelines for children should be established to expedite referral to multidisciplinary CI teams and minimize delays in this population.
Syntactic Structure Distillation Pretraining for Bidirectional Encoders
Authors: Kuncoro Adhiguna , Kong Lingpeng , Fried Daniel , Yogatama Dani , Rimell Laura , Dyer Chris , Blunsom Phil
Published: December 2020

Textual representation learners trained on large amounts of data have achieved notable success on downstream tasks; intriguingly, they have also performed well on challenging tests of syntactic competence. Hence, it remains an open question whether scalable learners like BERT can become fully proficient in the syntax of natural language by virtue of data scale alone, or whether they still benefit from more explicit syntactic biases. To answer this question, we introduce a knowledge distillation strategy for injecting syntactic biases into BERT pretraining, by distilling the syntactically informative predictions of a hierarchical—albeit harder to scale—syntactic language model. Since BERT models masked words in bidirectional context, we propose to distill the approximate marginal distribution over words in context from the syntactic LM. Our approach reduces relative error by 2–21% on a diverse set of structured prediction tasks, although we obtain mixed results on the GLUE benchmark. Our findings demonstrate the benefits of syntactic biases, even for representation learners that exploit large amounts of data, and contribute to a better understanding of where syntactic biases are helpful in benchmarks of natural language understanding.
Between Affects and Norms
Authors: Campello Filipe
Published: December 2020

This article seeks to explore the meaning of emotional content in a transnational public sphere, in particular with regard to the concept of solidarity. The main normative question that the author discusses here is how far it is possible – if it’s the case at all – to move beyond the basic structure of nation-linked patriotic feeling to solidarity as a transnational political emotion. He divides his argument into two steps. First, he analyzes how the concept of constitutional patriotism could be reframed around the contours of post-national contexts. He suggests that Hegel’s concept of patriotism as a political disposition can contribute to a transnational framework. In a second step, the author discusses solidarity as a transnational political emotion, arguing that one should have in view both its formative process and its contingencies in order to understand the institutional and symbolic mediation of affective contents of social praxis.
Hugo Grotius, Declaration of War, and the International Moral Order
Authors: Boisen Camilla
Published: December 2020

This article investigates the formal purpose of declaring wars for Hugo Grotius. Grotius was adamant that states always use justification in a duplicitous way to conceal their real motivation to go to war. As such, the purpose of declaration is not to assert the just cause of war. Rather, what any public declaration does, is provide recognition that confers legal validation to the disputing parties. The legal rules of war were described by the law of nations and occasionally permitted states to commit certain ‘war crimes’ with impunity. For Grotius, this was not a moral sanctioning of such crimes but rather a means to prevent the occurrence of wars, which such endless repudiations risked causing or exacerbating. Grotius’s concern for the effects of war is conspicuous; and recounting his maxim that war should always be a last resort, this article argues that declaration of war has a distinct moral purpose for Grotius. In fact, public declaration of war is, together with constraints on the conduct of war, a ‘principle of moderation’ Grotius insists should be upheld in times of war. Declaration of war gives the parties avenues to seek peace and reconciliation, and, therefore has a humanitarian purpose for Grotius by ultimately seeking to prevent the disparaging effects of war. Even in wars that do not demand a public declaration, such as those regulated by natural law such as punitive wars or defensive wars, Grotius cautions that declarations of war are advisable. The remaining lingering issue is how to engage with unlawful enemy combatants, such as pirates - a distinct problem that the international community still faces with increasing regularity. Grotius was certainly aware of the legal (and moral) consequences of recognising belligerency we cannot possible hope to build moral relations with, and, this article claims, ‘unlawful’ enemies ultimately demarcates the boundary of international society.
The Need to Make Sense of a Practice in Investment Arbitration: A Response to Eric De Brabandere
Authors: Marcoux Jean-Michel
Published: December 2020

In his article entitled ‘The (Ir)relevance of Transnational Public Policy in Investment Treaty Arbitration – A Reply to Jean-Michel Marcoux’, Eric De Brabandere argues that transnational public policy does not have any significant role to play in investment treaty arbitration, both as a matter of principle and as an avenue to address human rights violations by foreign investors. The present response suggests that a more fundamental point of disagreement between our positions relates to the role of the practice of tribunals in shaping legal norms in international investment law. Inspired by the ‘practice turn’ in the study of international law, it suggests that the relevance and the normativity of transnational public policy are constituted by the practice of tribunals. Addressing human rights violations as an integral part of transnational public policy can thus be considered as a potential evolution of this practice in investment arbitration.
Covid-19: Teleworking, Surveillance and 24/7 Work. Some Reflexions on the Expected Growth of Remote Work After the Pandemic
Authors: Manokha Ivan
Published: December 2020

The lockdowns imposed by most governments during the Covid-19 pandemic have resulted in an unprecedented increase in teleworking. This spike in remote work has generally been greeted with enthusiasm by both academic and non-academic commentators and there is now a widely shared view that employers should be encouraged to retain and enhance the teleworking arrangements in the post-pandemic period. This paper examines the spread and normalization of telework during the pandemic with reference to the growth of the 24/7 work culture and the blurring of boundaries between work and private lives that have been developing in the last two decades or so. It is argued that the rise in remote work during the crisis is contributing to the movement towards 24/7 work and to the collapse of the boundary between professional and private life, particularly as a result of remote employee surveillance that comes with telework. It also results in a new form of alienation – the alienation of workers from their private homes.
Cissus lombardiana a new name for Cissus ulmifolia (Vitaceae)

Authors: KOTTAIMUTHU RAMALINGAM , BASU MUTHURAMALINGAM JOTHI , SATHIYADASH KULLAIYAN , KARTHIKEYAN VELUSWAMY
Published: December 2020

Cissus Linnaeus (1753: 117) is the most speciose genus in the family Vitaceae and notable for its pantropical intercontinental disjunct pattern (Liu et al. 2013). According to the recent estimate, the genus is known to have 291 accepted species (POWO 2020) and it is widely distributed in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia, Central and South America and Mexico (Wen 2007). The main characters delimiting Cissus from other Vitaceae genera are the well-developed, thick and undivided floral disks, tetramerous flowers, one-seeded berries, and seeds with a long and linear chalaza (Wen 2007). In South America, Cissus is represented by 64 species (Lombardi 2000, 2007, Rodrigues et al. 2014). Amongst C. ulmifolia (Baker 1871: 213) Planchon (1887: 552) that is a later homonym of an Italian fossil taxon Cissus ulmifolia Massalongo (1858: 80). While checking the literature and relevant websites for the availability of any synonyms, we found that C. allenii Croat (1977: 358) and C. serrulatifolia Williams (1962: 375) are listed as heterotypic synonyms of C. ulmifolia in Tropicos (2020) following Nelson (2010). However, C. allenii was synonymized under C. serrulatifolia by most of the workers (Govaerts 1999, Lombardi 2007, Morales 2015, POWO 2020, Raz & Zamora 2020) but C. ulmifolia was treated as a distinct species. So in order to ascertain the taxonomic status, we critically studied the protologues and digital specimens including types of these three species, we found that the characters of C. allenii are well within the range of C. serrulatifolia but C. ulmifolia differs from them by its 4-sided, distinctly winged stem (vs. stem terete, not winged or wingless in C. serrulatifolia) and the fruits ovoid or ovoid–subglobose, smooth (vs. obovoid or subpyriform, lenticellate in C. serrulatifolia). Since no other validly published legitimate name is available for this species (Lombardi 2007, Mota de Oliveira & Jansen-Jacobs 2016, POWO 2020), therefore, the authors propose Cissus lombardiana as a replacement name.
Neotypification of Aconitum puchonroenicum (Ranunculaceae) from the Korean Peninsula

Authors: LEE JUNGSIM , OH SEUNG-HWAN , SON DONG CHAN , KIM DONG-KAP
Published: December 2020

Aconitum Linnaeus (1753: 532) (Ranunculaceae) consists of about 400 species and is widely distributed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere (Tamura 1993, Brink & Woods 1997, Li & Kadota 2001, Luo et al. 2005). This genus has been usually divided into three subgenera: A. subg. Aconitum, A. subg. Lycoctonum (Candolle 1817: 367) Petermann (1846: 15), and A. subg. Gymnaconitum (Stapf 1905: 178) Rapaics (1907: 139) (Bisset 1981, Kadota 1987, Li & Kadota 2001, Lim & Park 2001, Wang et al. 2009). Among them, A. subg. Lycoctonum is perennial and rhizomatous and consists of about 40 species (Tamura 1995, Hong et al. 2017). In the Korean Peninsula, eight species and one variety have been reported in this subgenus (Lim et al. 2017, Korea National Arboretum 2017), of which four species, namely A. pseudolaeve Nakai (1935: 139), A. pteropus Nakai (1937: 400), A. puchonroenicum Uyeki & Sakata (1938: 14), and A. quelpaertense Nakai (1935: 145), are endemic to the Korean Peninsula.
Quantitative Evaluation of Polarimetric Estimates from Scanning Weather Radars Using a Vertically Pointing Micro Rain Radar
Authors: Reinoso-Rondinel Ricardo , Schleiss Marc
Published: December 2020

Conventionally, Micro Rain Radars (MRRs) have been used as a tool to calibrate reflectivity from weather radars, estimate the relation between rainfall rate and reflectivity, and study microphysical processes in precipitation. However, limited attention has been given to the reliability of the retrieved drop size distributions (DSDs) from MRRs. This study sheds more light on this aspect by examining the sensitivity of retrieved DSDs to the assumptions made to map Doppler spectra into size distributions, and investigates the capability of an MRR to assess polarimetric observations from operational weather radars. For that, an MRR was installed near the Cabauw observatory in the Netherlands, between the International Research Center for Telecommunications and Radar (IRCTR) Drizzle Radar (IDRA) X-band radar and the Herwijnen operational C-band radar. The measurements of the MRR from November 2018 to February 2019 were used to retrieve DSDs and simulate horizontal reflectivity Ze, differential reflectivity ZDR, and specific differential phase KDP in rain. Attention is given to the impact of aliased spectra and right-hand-side truncation on the simulation of polarimetric variables. From a quantitative assessment, the correlations of Ze and ZDR between the MRR and Herwijnen radar were 0.93 and 0.70, respectively, while those between the MRR and IDRA were 0.91 and 0.69. However, Ze and ZDR from the Herwijnen radar showed slight biases of 1.07 and 0.25 dB. For IDRA, the corresponding biases were 2.67 and −0.93 dB. Our results show that MRR measurements are advantageous to inspect the calibration of scanning radars and validate polarimetric estimates in rain, provided that the DSDs are correctly retrieved and controlled for quality assurance.
A rational approach to COVID-19
Authors: Mehrian-Shai Ruty
Published: December 2020

It is crucial to use the wealth of information emerging from the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and confront COVID-19 with a rational approach. There are proactive steps to prevent and fight COVID-19. Management of the disease should be according to clinical features and laboratory test markers and personalized therapeutic targets.
Σημείωμα της Διευθύντριας Έκδοσης
Authors: Κακανά Δόμνα
Published: December 2020

Σημείωμα της Διευθύντριας Έκδοσης
ABOUT THE ECONOMY SECURITY INDICATORS OF THE ARCTIC REGIONS OF RUSSIA
Authors: Pobedonostseva Veronika , Pobedonostseva Galina
Published: December 2020

Number of major factors that have a significant impact on the sustainable development of the regional socio-economic system, are considered at the article. The importance and necessity of considering the dynamic of the correlation of global, national and regional factors influencing the socio-economic systems of the regions are substantiated.
Comparing Torque Loss in Standard Implants and Short Implants with Increased Vertical Cantilever Abutments: an In Vitro Study
Authors: Jalalian Ezzatollah , Yousofi Zahra
Published: December 2020

Objectives: With regard to the prevalence of abutment screw loosening (SL) and bone height reduction, particularly in the posterior regions of the jaws, as well as the contradictory issue of applying short implants instead of surgeries, along with all preparations associated with longer implants, the present study aimed to compare the amount of torque loss in short implants with increased vertical cantilever abutments and standard ones. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, a total number of 20 implants (MegaGen Implant Co., Ltd, South Korea) with 4.5 mm diameter including 10 short implants (7 mm) and 10 standard ones (10 mm) were utilized. Using a surveyor, fixtures were perpendicularly mounted in 13×34 mm resin for short implants and 19×34 mm resin for standard ones. The abutments of the same height but different cuff heights (2.5 mm for the standard implants and 5.5 mm for the short ones) were then tightened with 30 N.cm, via a digital torque meter. To compensate the settling effect, the abutment screw was re-tightened with 30 N.cm after 10 min. Upon applying 500,000 cycles at 75 N.cm and 1 Hz along the longitudinal axis on each sample, blind reverse torque value (RTV) was measured with a digital torque meter. The data were finally analyzed using Student’s t-test. Results: Both groups experienced torque loss, but there was no statistically significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of abutment SL (p = 0451). Conclusion: Short implants seem to be a good mechanical alternative in emergencies with respect to torque loss and abutment SL.
KEYWORDS
Reverse torque value; Cyclic loading, Short implant; Screw loosening; Crown-implant ratio; Torque loss.
Applicability of cone beam computed tomography gray values for estimation of primary stability of dental implants
Authors: Sheikhi Mahnaz , Karami Mehdi , Abbasi Somayeh , Moaddabi Amirhossein , Soltani Parisa
Published: December 2020

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between bone density measured by computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) (Sirona’s Galileos scanner) with primary stability of dental implants. Material and methods: 20 fresh bovine femoral heads were prepared by removal of soft tissue, sectioning of the bone, and placement of markers for location and angulation of implants. Bone density of peri-implant areas was determined preoperatively by CT and CBCT scanning of the prepared bone samples represented by Hounsfield units (HUs) and gray values (GVs), respectively. Then, 60 implants in three sizes (diameter = 4 mm, length = 8, 10, and 12 mm) were inserted into the bones and maximum insertion torque (IT) was recorded. Osstell device was also used for determining the implant stability quotient (ISQ) for each implant. Statistical analysis was performed on the data (alpha = 0.05). Results: Mean ± SD values of GV, HU, and ISQ were 1592.75 ± 231.82, 675.26 ± 115.38 and 61.90 ± 10.14, respectively. Moreover, the most frequent IT limit was 30-35 Ncm (41.4%). Significant relationships were observed between HU and IT, GV and IT, HU and ISQ, GV and ISQ, and IT and ISQ in all implant sizes. Moreover, GV and HU also significantly correlated to each other. Conclusion: Bone density values in CBCT and CT scans are positively associated to primary stability of dental implants. Therefore, GVs obtained from Galileos CBCT scanner can be used for preoperative selection of edentulous sites which allow for better implant stability or locations which require further procedures for enhancing the success rate of dental implants. 
KEYWORDSComputed tomography; Cone beam computed tomography; Dental implant.
Machinability of Zirconia Toughened Mica Glass Ceramics for Dental Restorations
Authors: Gali Sivaranjani , Chiru Suresh
Published: December 2020

Objective: For a dental material to be machinable for CAD/CAM technology, it must offer convenient machining, under a given set of cutting conditions. Quantitative evaluation of machinability has been assessed in literature through various parameters such as tool wear, penetration rates, surface roughness, cutting force and power. A machinable ceramic will typically demonstrate a higher tool penetration rate with signs of reduced diamond tool wear and edge chipping. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the feasibility of machining an experimental ceramic, 20 wt.% zirconia reinforced mica glass ceramics (G20Z) for indirect dental restorations and compare the tool penetration rates of G20Z to commercially available dental ceramics, Presintered Zirconia (PSZ) and IPS emax CAD. Material and Methods:  Precursors of base glass (SiO2 -Al2O3 -K2O -MgO-B2O3 -F) were melted at 15000C for 2 h in a platinum crucible and quenched in deionised water. The glass frit was ball milled with 20 wt. % YSZ (G20Z) and subject to two stage heat treatment in a muffle furnace. Specimens of G20Z (12 X 2 mm) were evaluated for their feasibility of machining under varying spindle speed, depth of cut, and feed rates. Influence of depth of cut, spindle speed and feed rate (vc=8000-16000 rpm, d=0.4-0.8 mm, f=0.1- 0.3 mm/tooth) on cutting forces, material response, surface roughness and tool wear were investigated. Tool penetration rates, tool wear and margin chipping were also evaluated and compared with Pre-sintered Zirconia (PSZ)  and e.max CAD in a custom dental milling surveyor at 30,000 rpm with a load of 0.98 N under water lubrication for 6 min. Tool penetration rates were calculated as the ratio of length of cut and milling time with a measuring microscope and scanning electron microscope was used for tool wear and edge chipping. ANOVA and Tukey Kramer tests were used for statistically comparing the means of each group. Results: Spindle speed and feed rate play a significant role in influencing surface roughness, thrust force, cutting forces and tool wear. Penetration rates of G20Z (0.32 ±0.12 mm/min) was significantly greater than PSZ (0.26 ±0.06 mm/min) and IPS e.max CAD (0.21 ±0.05 mm/min). SEM observations reveal tool abrasion and edge chipping regardless of the ceramic type. Conclusion: High spindle speeds delivers low cutting forces with an average surface roughness of 1.61 µm, with abrasive wear of the tool insert and brittle fracture of zirconia mica glass ceramic composites. G20Z with its machinable nature demonstrates greater tool penetration rates than PSZ and IPS e.max CAD. Tool wear and edge chipping is seen in all the investigated ceramics.
 
Keywords
Machinability, Dental Ceramics, Mica Glass-Ceramics, Dental Zirconia, Tool penetration rates.
Emissões de gases de efeito estufa no estado de São Paulo: análise do setor de transportes e impactos na saúde
Authors: Leite Vinicius Pazini , Debone Daniela , Miraglia Simone Georges El Khouri
Published: December 2020

As ações antrópicas têm sido responsáveis por incontáveis impactos negativos para a sociedade. Neste cenário, pode-se destacar as mudanças climáticas como um dos maiores desafios do século XXI, implicando em perdas socioeconômicas e à saúde global. Os grandes centros urbanos sofrem profundamente as consequências causadas pelas mudanças climáticas e degradação da qualidade do ar, bem como contribuem diretamente para a intensificação desses processos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar qualitativamente as séries temporais de gases de efeito estufa e a mortalidade por causas cardiorrespiratórias do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, durante o período de 2000 a 2018. Nossos resultados demonstraram que o setor de transportes se mostrou o principal emissor de dióxido de carbono (CO2) do estado, com média elevada de consumo de diesel, refletindo na forte correlação positiva e significativa entre as emissões e mortalidade por causas cardiovasculares e respiratórias, e assim, promovendo a importante discussão sobre a urgência de investimento em sistemas de transportes mais limpos, bem como soluções multimodais para o transporte de cargas e a necessidade de implementação de políticas adequadas de mitigação de emissões de CO2.
O que é arte?
Authors: Brito Cadôr Amir
Published: December 2020

O artigo aborda uma exposição realizada na biblioteca da UFMG em 2019, reunindo livros que têm o fazer artístico e a história da arte como tema. O sistema da arte é colocado em evidência (e questionado) neste conjunto de obras, que vai desde os convites de exposição e a publicação de discursos oficiais de abertura à uma entrevista fictícia de um jovem artista com um dos mais renomados curadores da atualidade. A arte e os seus diversos agentes são apresentados a partir dos exemplos trazidos pelos livros de artista, que apresentam questões próprias da arte contemporânea, como a crítica institucional.
Pecuária, espaço e recursos no Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil
Authors: Lamoso Lisandra Pereira
Published: December 2020

O Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul tem sua dinâmica produtiva historicamente formada pela pecuária e lavoura de grãos, tendo se integrado ao capitalismo industrial pelas exportações de commodities a partir dos anos sessenta. A pecuária bovina sempre esteve distribuída pelo território, embora ainda concentrada no Pantanal, onde recursos naturais lhe reservam exclusividade no uso do espaço rural. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender características atuais da pecuária bovina utilizando a proposta de combinação de recursos: humanos, técnicos, físicos, de capital e financeiros; além dos conceitos de produtividade e competitividade. Foram utilizados dados secundários extraídos de IBGE, MAPA, EMBRAPA, SEMAGRO, além de revisão bibliográfica. Concluímos que a dinâmica produtiva da pecuária bovina no Mato Grosso do Sul tem sido o resultado de eficiente combinação das vantagens comparativas naturais, tem incorporado tecnologia e com isso alcançado parâmetros de competitividade e produtividade.
The Impact of Taxation and the Quest for Good Governance: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Kifordu Anthony Anyibuofu , Igweh Florence Konye , Aloamaka Judith Ifeanyi
Published: December 2020

Taxation affords governments everywhere an avenue for the strategic generation of revenue required for the development of societies. This is particularly true for developing societies that have historically relied on natural resources and foreign aid for state resources. This paper explores avenues through which emerging economies and the Nigerian state in particular can utilize taxation both as a channel for revenue generation and as a medium for the enhancement of state-society relations with a view to promoting good governance. Deploying secondary evidence, the paper argues that there is a palpable disconnect between the government and society in Nigeria owing to the historical fact that revenue generation from the natural resources domain and its utilization has been without accountability and transparency. It insists that governance in Africa’s most populous enclave is conducted without the requisite tactical taxation nous. On the basis of this evidence the paper suggests that Nigeria embrace a transparent and accountable tax regime which can aid economic development, strengthen economic institutions and policies, move beyond natural resources exploitation, and redistribute resources in favour of investments that require little skills and less capital with a view to bridging the gap between the rich and poor while simultaneously bringing a lot of people out of poverty.
Nabywanie działek gruntu wchodzących w skład gospodarstwa rolnego przekazanego państwu na podstawie przepisów emerytalno-rentowych
Authors: Świderski Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

Celem artykułu jest rozstrzygnięcie problemów związanych z dochodzeniem roszczeń o nabycie gruntu pod budynkami, wchodzącymi niegdyś w skład gospodarstwa rolnego. Przyjęte przez ustawodawcę rozwiązania nie harmonizują z regulacjami dotyczącymi nabywania nieruchomości przez inne grupy społeczne. Wadliwym rozwiązaniem jest dochodzenie roszczeń w trybie administracyjnym i brak ograniczeń czasowych do zgłaszania roszczeń. Właściwym rozwiązaniem byłoby przyznanie rolnikom i ich następcom ustawowego pierwszeństwa w nabyciu gruntu z budynkami. Pierwszeństwo takie powinno być realizowane w toku procedury sprzedaży.
Counterpoint: Reassessing Ulughkhānī’s Arabic history of Gujarat
Authors: Balachandran Jyoti Gulati
Published: December 2020

Despite his familiarity with the well established Indo-Persian history‐writing traditions, ‘Abdullāh Muḥammad al-Makkī al-Āṣafī al-Ulughkhānī ‘Ḥājjī al-Dabīr’ (b. 1540) chose to write his history of the Gujarat Sultanate and of other Indo-Muslim polities in Arabic. Ulughkhānī consulted several Persian chronicles produced in Delhi and Ahmedabad, including Sikandar Manjhū’s Mir’āt-i Sikandarī (composed c. 1611) that has served as the standard history of the Gujarat Sultanate for modern historians. Despite its ‘exceptionalism’, Ulughkhānī’s early seventeenth-century Ẓafar al-wālih bi Muẓaffar wa ālihi has largely been seen as a corroborative text to Persian tawārīkh. This article re-evaluates the importance of Ulughkhānī’s Arabic history of Gujarat by situating the text and its author in the social, political and intellectual context of the sixteenth-century western Indian ocean. Specifically, it demonstrates how the several historical digressions in the text are not dispensable aberrations to his narrative but integral to Ulughkhānī’s expansive social horizons at the time of robust commercial, pilgrimage, diplomatic and scholarly connections between Gujarat and the Red Sea regions.
Leaning-Against-the-Wind: Which Policy and When?
Authors: Cho Daeha , Mok Junghwan , Shim Myungkyu
Published: December 2020

This paper quantitatively examines which of the following three widely-used leaning-against-the-wind policies is effective in stabilizing aggregate fluctuations: i) a monetary policy that responds to the loan-to-GDP ratio, ii) a countercyclical LTV policy, and iii) a countercyclical capital requirement policy. In particular, we estimate a New Keynesian model with financial frictions using U.S. data and find that a monetary policy rule that responds positively to the loan-to-GDP ratio Amplifies the macroeconomic fluctuations while a countercyclical LTV policy has almost no effect. On the contrary, a countercyclical capital requirement policy is the most desirable in stabilizing GDP, inflation, and loans. However, the stabilization effect of the optimal countercyclical capital requirement policy is concentrated during periods in which financial shocks played a large role.