bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of antipsychotic drug consumption for inpatient schizophrenia treatment: a retrospective study with 5-year follow-up
Authors: Vaskova L. B. , Tiapkina M. V. , Mikhaylenko E. V.
Published: November 2020

Aim. The study was aimed to perform a comparative retrospective pharmacoepidemiological analysis of antipsychotic drugs (APD) used for inpatient treatment for schizophrenia.

Materials and methods. This retrospective pharmacoepidemiological study included 1077 medical records of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to ICD-10 (F20.0-F20.8) selected for the analysis on the base of a psychiatric inpatient hospital in Moscow during 2013-2017. The study design included socio-demographic data (sex, age, education, disability, social status) and clinical-economic data (diagnoses, duration of hospitalization), information on the prescription frequency of drugs and dose regimens were analyzed. The consumption volume of APD was estimated using the WHO ATS/DDD methodology.

Results and discussion. It was found that women prevailed (55-71%) with the mean age ranging from 42.8±14.1 to 47.4±14.7 (±SD – standard deviation). In the studied sampling, paranoid schizophrenia dominated (≥70%). Over the analyzed 5-year period, the consumption volume of APDs was characterized by alternating declines and rises (from 154.49 to 208.09 NDDD/100 bed-days). The consumption of atypical APDs decreased by 7% and typical APDs increased by 25% compared to the base year (2013), respectively. The most significant changes in the consumption were identified for APDs of prolonged action (a decrease by 67% compared to 2013). Haloperidol and clozapine (oral forms), which are included in the DU90% segment, remained the leaders in terms of prescription frequency and consumption volume (49.04 and 45.26 NDDD/100 bed days in 2017, respectively). Moreover, trihexiphenydil (used to correct adverse reactions) also had a high frequency of administration and consumption.

Conclusion. It was found that 1/2 of all prescriptions were antipsychotic drugs used to treat schizophrenia. The total consumption volume of APDs in 2017 decreased by 9.2% compared to 2013. A high consumption volume is typical for drugs from the subgroup of typical APDs, but atypical APDs prevailed in terms of prescription frequency, which may indicate the prescription of typical APDs in doses exceeding the defined daily dose.
A Magdolna negyedben élő roma szegény családok társas kapcsolatai és baráti viszonyai
Authors: Balázs András
Published: November 2020

Az alábbi tanulmányban a budapesti VIII. kerületi Magdolna negyedben élő roma szegény családok társas kapcsolatait, baráti viszonyait és azok életszervezési funkcióit, hétköznapi életvezetésre gyakorolt hatásait vizsgálom. Arra kerestem a választ, hogy a Magdolna negyedben fellelhető mikroszegregátumoknak léteznek-e leírható kapcsolathatárai: van-e átjárás a mikroszegregátumok és a külvilág között földrajzi és társadalmi értelemben, illetve a megismert kapcsolathatárok mennyiben etnikus természetűek. Hasonlóképpen foglalkoztat, hogy a nők és férfiak kapcsolatszerkezetében tapasztalhatóak-e eltérések, a fővárosi tömbrehabilitációk kínálnak-e valós lehetőséget a társadalmi párbeszédre. A dolgozat „sorvezetőjét“ jelentő félig strukturált interjúkat a résztvevő megfigyelés, valamint a kapcsolati és fogyasztási naplók eszközeivel egészítettem ki. Eredményeim alapján a kirekesztettség okozta egymásrautaltság sajátos gazdasági együttműködési formákat, cserehálózatokat sző, amelyekben a rokonság mellett felértékelődnek a szomszédság és a jövedelemszerzési tevékenységek állandó résztvevői. Az erős kapcsolatok kiegészülnek a megélhetés és a háztartás fenntartásával összefüggő funkciókkal.
A szomszédom a barátom! : A lokalitás, mint a barátság szervezőereje Hajdúdorog paraszti társadalmában
Authors: Sári Tamás
Published: November 2020

Ez a dolgozat a társadalomtudományokban korábban külön kapcsolattípusként értelmezett szomszéd/barát viszony ma már nyilvánvalóan elismert összefüggéseit kutató munkákhoz kíván hozzászólni. Milyen viszonyt találunk a lokális, szomszédsági és a baráti kapcsolatok között? A dolgozat egy olyan tudományos vitából indul ki, ami a szomszédság és a barátság viszonyát kívánja megismerni, mindezt a XX. század ’40-es éveire vonatkoztatva Hajdúdorogon, a korabeli kontextuális viszonyokat megvilágítva. Ennek megfelelően a dolgozat elsősorban a néprajz diszciplína keretein belül mozog. A dolgozat olyan néprajzi forrásokra épít, amelyekben a barátság tematika részben adott, részben pedig a kötelezettségek cseréjében, a munkakapcsolatokban, a kölcsönösségben és egyéb viszonyokban érhető tetten. A paraszti társadalomban a barátság gyakran átfedi a rokonság és a szomszédság fogalmát. Tehát a közösségszintű megközelítés gyakran elhomályosította a barátságok feltételezett szerepét. Így a néprajzi munkákban a lokalitás, a szomszédság, a formális cserék, a kölcsönösség és a gyermekek kapcsolataiból bonthatók ki a vonatkozó ismeretek. A dolgozat a következő struktúrát követi: az elméleti háttér megismerése után a következő kutatói elemző kategóriák: kortárscsoportok, barátok és lokalitás viszonya, illetve a szomszédság, barátok és lokalitás viszonya mentén elemzi a hajdúdorogi 65 év feletti, többnyire kisbirtokos paraszti rétegből származó nők és férfiak körében felvett mélyinterjúkat. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a barátság és a szomszédság szoros kapcsolatban áll egymással, van közös metszetük és a szomszédi viszonyrendszer, a lokalitás alakító tényezője a barátságoknak.
DIVERSIDADE DE ANFÍBIOS NO CAMPUS II DA PUC GOIÁS: UMA ABORDAGEM CONSERVACIONISTA PARA UMA ASSEMBLEIA URBANA
Authors: Santos Nayala Etina Ferreira dos , Silva Wilian Vaz
Published: November 2020

Introdução: No Brasil são registrados cerca de 1.026 espécies de anfíbios, representados por três ordens, Anura, Gymnophiona e Urodela. Os anuros compreendem espécies susceptíveis a vários efeitos antrópicos. O estudo realizado compreende uma avaliação da anfibiofauna urbana e é essencial, pois fornece informações sobre a diversidade taxonômica de uma assembleia em um fragmento urbano, sujeita a vários fatores de pressão. Objetivo: Inventariar a fauna dos anfíbios que fazem o uso de uma poça permanente dentro do Campus II da PUC Goiás. Método: O estudo foi conduzido a partir de levantamento de dados primários em uma poça permanente próxima a uma nascente, localizada no Campus II da PUC Goiás, município de Goiânia, Estado de Goiás. A metodologia utilizada foi à busca ativa na poça, por meio de Procura Visual Limitada por Tempo, com esforço amostral de 80 horas/observador. As coletas foram realizadas entre os meses de setembro de 2017 a março de 2018, com frequência quinzenal. Resultados: Foram realizadas 10 amostragens, com o registro de 332 indivíduos da ordem Anura, classificados em seis espécies: Scinax fuscomarginatus (34,64%); D. cruzi (31,02%); Physalaemus cuvieri (14,76%); Boana paranaiba (12,95%); Dendropsophus minutus (4,82%) e Leptodactylus sp. (1,81%). As espécies registradas estão alocadas em cinco gêneros, pertencentes a duas famílias: Hylidae (83,43%) e Leptodactylidae (16,57%). Conclusão: Com base nas metas do projeto, concluímos que as mesmas foram cumpridas, conforme foi estabelecido. Os dados foram analisados e conclui-se que a assembleia na poça avaliada encontra-se depauperada e com uma baixa riqueza quando se compara com outros estudos que avaliam assembleias urbanas.
MANUFATURA DE PEÇAS METÁLICAS UTILIZANDO METAL-CLAY ATRAVÉS DE IMPRESSÃO 3D
Authors: Filho José de Freitas Borges , Carneiro Marcos Lajovic
Published: November 2020

Neste trabalho serão apresentados brevemente os conceitos de sinterização e impressão 3D, bem como detalhes da produção de metal-clay, baseado nos testes realizados, objetivando a obtenção de bons parâmetros para utilização do material para a impressão 3D de metal. Também serão apresentados os resultados obtidos juntamente de peculiaridades do material e discutidos o potencial de manufatura do material juntamente dos problemas enfrentados e possíveis melhorias para trabalhos futuros.
GESTÃO CONTEMPORÂNEA, AVANÇOS TECNOLÓGICOS E A MOBILIZAÇÃO SUBJETIVA NO TRABALHO
Authors: Santos Carolina Martins dos , Macêdo Kátia Barbosa
Published: November 2020

Contemporaneamente, as instituições demandam profissionais capazes de processar informações complexas em tempo real, tal como uma máquina. Trata-se de um novo discurso institucional que a mídia reforça e que ativa os mecanismos psíquicos. Novas concepções da organização do trabalho e do comportamento emergem da interação entre as demandas de Tecnologia da Informação, sua organização social e as reações de indivíduos que devem trabalhar com novos sistemas tecnológicos. Objetivo: Investigar as vivências subjetivas de um grupo de gestores do SENAI/GO em relação à informatização de processos da Instituição sob as lentes da abordagem Clínica Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Método: O estudo possui caráter descritivo e exploratório. A metodologia utilizada fundamenta-se na clinica psicodinâmica do trabalho, proposta por Christophe Dejours.na qual, com base na teoria psicanalítica e nas ciências sociais, procura desvelar e compreender as vivências intra e intersubjetivas de uma categoria específica sobre a organização do trabalho, no caso, a dos gestores do SENAI/GO. Os dados foram coletados a partir de análise documental, entrevistas individuais com 15 trabalhadores e em três sessões de escuta clínica coletiva com cinco gestores. A demanda não foi constituída, mas sim trabalhada. Resultados: As tecnologias foram criadas para melhorar, agilizar, simplificar e substituir o trabalho braçal, no entanto, percebe-se que diante essa nova realidade que se é apresentada, ocorre uma aceleração e sobrecarga de trabalho, sendo evidenciados sintomas de ansiedade entre os participantes. A inserção do celular significou para o gestor um dispêndio de energia, não mensurado. Os trabalhadores, participantes refletiram como no decorrer dos últimos dez anos o contato com o outro diminuiu, interferindo nas relações ou até mesmo substituindo relações humanas por relações homem-maquina. Conclusão: percebeu-se o esvaziamento das condições para reunião do coletivo de trabalho, o trabalhador tem que se informar sozinho, a sua interface é com a máquina, e sem condições sociais torna-se difícil a construção do coletivo de trabalho. A constituição do espaço de discussão, a fim de melhorar as condições e organização do trabalho favoreceu a construção de estratégias coletivas conforme proposto pela metodologia deste trabalho com o objetivo de promover a saúde mental dos trabalhadores.
COMPETÊNCIAS ESPERADAS DOS FUTUROS AUDITORES EM CONTABILIDADE CONFORME ANÁLISE BIBLIOGRÁFICA EM PESQUISAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Bezerra Lucas Oliveira , Sousa Ana Maria Gonçalves de
Published: November 2020

A auditoria contábil é uma área específica da contabilidade que busca verificar e atestar a veracidade das informações presentes nas demonstrações contábeis. Com isso, as competências exigidas para a realização do trabalho têm seu papel importante para garantir o objetivo da auditoria, e mediante a pesquisa, profissionais contadores podem ter o conhecimento do que é requisitado no mercado. Objetivo: conhecer e analisar as competências esperadas dos futuros auditores em contabilidade mediante análise bibliográfica das pesquisas realizadas no Brasil. Método: realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico tanto para bases teóricas quanto para pesquisas nacionais sobre o tema e pesquisa documental e utilizou para a análise do problema uma abordagem qualitativa com comparações entre a teoria, pesquisas nacionais e o Projeto Pedagógico do Curso (PPC) com uma amostra de quatro pesquisas nacionais encontradas no Google Acadêmico. Resultados: as principais competências exigidas para atuação na profissão de auditor contábil são: ética, ceticismo, confiabilidade e integridade e quanto ao PPC do curso de Ciências Contábeis encontra-se adequado às exigências do mercado. Conclusão: as competências para atuação na profissão de auditor contábil são importantes, haja vista, estarem presentes em bases teóricas, pesquisas nacionais e normas contábeis, sendo imprescindíveis no decorrer do trabalho do auditor contábil e nota-se também a predominância de pesquisas na região Sul e Sudeste do país.
PERCEPÇÃO DA DORMÊNCIA E LONGEVIDADE EM SEMENTES DE COPAIFERA LANGSDORFFII DESF. (FABACEAE – CAESALPINIOIDEAE) ARMAZENADAS EM BANCO DE SEMENTES
Authors: Silva Jefferson Barbosa da , Filho Jales Teixeira Chaves
Published: November 2020

A espécie arbórea neotropical Copaifera langsdorffii é uma das mais comuns nas florestas de galeria. Conhecida popularmente como copaíba, pode atingir até 35 metros de altura, distribuindo-se por todo território brasileiro. C. langsdorffii é apresentada na literatura cientifica de duas maneiras diferentes, e acordo com seu desempenho germinativo. Diversos trabalhos sugerem tratamentos de superação de dormência, enquanto outros afirmam que não é imprescindível de determinados tratamentos. Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de germinação da espécie Copaifera langsdorffii em sementes estocadas e avaliar a superação da dormência e o vigor das sementes de Copaifera langsdorffii associando tratamentos de escarificação mecânica e física. Método: o delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 6x3x5, (seis tratamentos, três armazenamentos e cinco repetições), sendo a unidade experimental representada por uma placa de Petri contendo sete sementes. Os tratamentos propostos foram: controle (T1); choque térmico (úmido), com água nas temperaturas de 60°C (T2) e 100°C (T3), imersas até alcançar temperatura ambiente; escarificação mecânica com lixa de parede (T4); escarificação química, com ácido sulfúrico em dois (2) tempos diferentes, os quais foram cinco (5) (T5) e dez (10) minutos (T6), respectivamente, seguida de lavagem em água corrente. Resultados: a germinação de C. langsdorffii iniciou-se a partir do 11º, havendo variação entre os armazenamentos. Foi observado que a germinação mais tardia foi em T1 (controle) recém-coletadas e T6 (escarificação química com H2SO4 concentrado a 10 minutos) armazenadas em freezer. Foi observado que em sementes armazenadas em freezer, choque térmico a 100 °C favoreceu a germinação das sementes; em sementes recém-coletadas, o choque térmico a 100° C favoreceu a germinação das sementes; enquanto em sementes armazenadas em prateleira foi obtida baixa taxa de germinação destacando o escarificação química com ácido sulfúrico a 98% por cinco (5) minutos. O armazenamento teve um efeito positivo na germinação quando associado aos tratamentos pré-germinativos. Conclusão: a espécie apresenta dormência física causada pela impermeabilidade do tegumento e existe ainda registros sobre dormência ocasional, causada pela presença de cumarina no tegumento, cuja concentração diminui à medida que as sementes amadurecem. Tratamentos como controle, choque térmico a 100°C e escarificação química H2SO4 concentrado a 5 minutos foram os mais eficientes na quebra da dormência. A espécie necessita de mais estudos em relação a dormência.
Biomarkers in orthodontics: A review
Authors: Ranjan R Bhat K , Ahmed Nausheer , Joseph Rithika , Younus A Abrar
Published: November 2020

The examination of Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may be considered an acceptable way to depict the biochemical changes occurring during orthodontic tooth movement. Correlating the changes taking place in GCF with different types of orthodontic forces, the patient can be managed based on individual patients’ tissue response. Thus, this can be an effective way of improving treatment efficiency and results. There is little evidence regarding which GCF biomarkers are associated with the growing phase. Most of the earlier reports provide information about correlation of GCF biomarkers with inflammation, bone remodeling and tissue damage and other processes associated with orthodontic tooth movement. This method is not being clinically used to its full diagnostic potential and requires further studies to provide additional data.
Prevalence of midline diastema according to race in Afghanistan
Authors: Erfan Ozair , Hamed Rahmani Mohammad , Taka Gulbahar
Published: November 2020

: The main aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of Midline Maxillary diastema according to three common races (Tajik, Pashtoon, and Hazara), sex, and type of dental arch among 999 OPD patients in National and Specialized Stomatology Hospital, Kabul-Afghanistan. 

: 999 patients in 15-30 years were selected by a systematic random sampling method during the seventh month. Patients were examined directly intra-orally, and information was collected by a single researcher, recorded on pre-prepared questioner forms, and then data analyzed by the SPSS.25 software.

 The result shows that the prevalence of maxillary midline diastema was 5.8%, that most of them were male 3.3% than females 2.3%. Frequency of midline diastema was more in Tajik race 6.5% than Pashtoon 5.5% and Hazara 3.6%. According to the arch form, midline diastema appearance was mostly detected in the Square arch form at 6.8% than the Ovoid 5.4% and Triangular 4.3%.
The relationship of severity of malocclusion as assessed by IOTN and DAI indices with perception of individuals towards orthodontic treatment-A Questionnarie study
Authors: N Patel Snehal , Bhanat Sheron , Patel Roopal , Patel Dolly
Published: November 2020

The orthodontic objectives are best achieved when the individual is treated as a whole. It is important to understand the perception of individuals towards the orthodontic procedure.

The aim was to evaluate the perception and explore the reasons responsible for the patient wanting to undergo orthodontic treatment.

A questionnaire survey was done on 150 individuals reporting to Department of Orthodontics, IOTN and DAI indices on same individuals were recorded.

Out of 150 individuals, in this study, 44% individuals were the first one to notice malocclusion, while mothers were the first to notice malocclusion in 34.66% individuals. Most of the individuals expected positive change in aesthetics and self confidence, improvement in dental health and carrier opportunities after orthodontic treatment. TMJ disorder, speech problem and chewing problem were noticed by 4 individuals.

It was concluded that 1) Aesthetics was the main factor for seeking orthodontic treatment followed by functional needs. Although aesthetics is the prime concern of individuals seeking for orthodontic treatment, only 12% subjects need indispensible treatment need according to DAI index. Treatment need differs on aesthetics (DAI) and severity of malocclusion (IOTN). When severity of malocclusion is taken into account 88% subjects needed little or borderline treatment. On determining treatment need considering aesthetics 84% subjects needed little or borderline treatment which reflects the awareness of the people concerned about their aesthetics.
A survey to assess the knowledge and attitude of adults from the age group of 18 to 35 Years towards comprehensive orthodontic treatment - A questionnaire based study on adult orthodontics
Authors: Lishoy Rodrigues , Priyal Rajani , Chawla Jamenis Shilpa , Jawale Bhusha , Mahajan Nikhil
Published: November 2020

Facial appearance has proved to play a key role in social and psychosocial settings. With the advances in Orthodontics, patients have become more aware about the possibility of correcting malocclusions via Braces. Adults however, face some roadblocks before making a confident decision. Understanding these concerns would help provide optimum treatment to such patients.

To assess the knowledge and attitude of Adult patients towards Orthodontic treatment

A sample of 205 participants was taken (155 Female and 50 Male) after assessing the sample size within the age group of 18 - 35 year of age. A Questionnaire was created on Google forms and circulated to participants using various social media platforms. The data of responses of participants was analyzed on Google forms application itself with the help of pie charts and graphs.

Majority of the participants, both with or without braces asserted that age was not a barrier in getting orthodontic treatment done. They also suggested that it was never too late to undergo Orthodontic treatment and that it could be carried out at any age. Majority of the participants, both treated and non-treated cases also believed that Orthodontic treatment improved function and enhanced the Facial appearance. Participants also believed that Orthodontic treatment would boost their confidence and in no way, would wearing braces affect them socially.

This survey based questionnaire helped in assessing the attitude of the general adult population towards adult Orthodontic treatment as a whole. It concluded that age is not a barrier in today’s times for getting orthodontic treatment done. Moreover, Adult Orthodontics not only improved the function, but also the Aesthetics and Self Esteem of the Adult patient undergoing treatment thus eliminating the earlier notion that Braces can be worn only up till a particular age. Prolonged treatment time was one of the causes of reluctance in many participants; however, the other benefits outweighed the time related inconvenience caused by orthodontic treatment.
contabilidad de la Tesorería General de Ejército y Real Hacienda de México (1786-1795): la conformación de un modelo híbrido
Authors: Sánchez Ernest
Published: November 2020

Este artículo se aboca a la reconstrucción de la contabilidad de la principaloficina del Erario regio de Nueva España, la Tesorería General de Ejército yReal Hacienda de México, en el periodo de 1786-1795, con el fin de que, comoestudio de caso, responda a un doble propósito. Por una parte, se busca mostrarque las permanencias, con las debidas adaptaciones, de la reforma contable de1784 fueron mucho más amplias de lo señalado hasta ahora; por otra, indicar que,como fruto de estas permanencias, se conformó un modelo contable híbrido en arasde lograr un control más expedito de los recursos del Erario regio de NuevaEspaña.
Strength Control Factors of Chlorite Schist under Schistose Structure
Authors: Yan Siquan , Wang Qiankuan , Wang Hongfei , Qiu Shili , Zeng Zhiquan , Fang Yue
Published: November 2020

In tunnel engineering, it is important to understand the influence of schistose structure on the failure strength of chlorite schist. To explore the strength control factors of chlorite schist, this paper firstly analyzes the mineral composition and meso structure of chlorite schist of different weathering states. The results show that the mineral composition of chlorite schist is changed during the weathering process, and that chlorite is an anisotropic rock mass. Next, a series of uniaxial compressive tests were conducted on chlorite schist samples with different bedding angles (the angle between bedding plane and loading direction; θ=0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°), moisture conditions (dry and saturated), and weathering states (strongly weathered and weakly weathered). Based on the test data, the authors discussed the change laws of the rock strength with bedding angle, weathering state, and moisture condition. The main results are as follows: Chlorite schist is a low-anisotropy rock mass, whose compressive strength exhibited a V-shaped trend with the growing bedding angle; the schistose structure is the internal cause of the deformation and the anisotropic or transversely isotropic strength of the schist; the schistose structure is reshaped and further damaged by external factors (e.g. water softening and weathering effects) in engineering. The research findings help to improve the rock stability and support design in tunnel engineering.
Modeling of Runoff in the Arid Regions Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS)
Authors: Muneer Ahmed Shahadha , Sayl Khamis Naba , Kamel Ammar Hatem
Published: November 2020

One of the most important challenges in the field of engineering hydrology and water resources management, especially in arid regions such as the Iraqi Western Desert, is the process of predicting and quantifying the surface runoff. The limited available data about rainfall, runoff, soil properties, evaporation, and the lack of metrological stations make the process of predicting and calculating surface runoff a very difficult task. Modern technology can help with the purpose of compensating for the shortage of data and providing the information necessary to estimate the runoff and develop the system of water resources management in the region. The present study develops a model to determine the infiltration of soil from spectral reflectance using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) integrated with a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). Field infiltration measurements for 105 soil samples in the Al-Ratga catchment area in the Iraqi western desert are achieved. The performance of the developed model was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively (effective runoff depth) by comparing the results of actual and estimated basic infiltration rate values for each sample. The results refer to a good agreement between estimated and measured infiltration (R2=0.768). The developed model predicts the runoff depending on the water balance equation and the results refer to good agreement with the SCS-CN model that is one of the most widely used in this region.
Experimental Measurement of Isothermal Sorption, Microbiological and Physicochemical Analysis of Dried Tomatoes Cultivated in Adrar, Algeria
Authors: Loumani Akil , Larbi Ahmed Amine , Mediani Ahmed , Chaouch Wafa Braham , Moungar Houcine , Tigani Cherif , Meriama Foullanine , Djaber Abdelkarim , Bekada Ahmed Mohamed Ali
Published: November 2020

The fresh tomato is a very perishable product in arid regions for that the drying is an indsipendable technique to preserve this product and used at all times, in this study the fresh tomatoe was sampled from different farms in Adrar and subjected to the drying method using an indirect dryer solar. The dried tomatoes were screened for microbiological and physicochemical analysis including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi, anaerobic sulfito- redactors, molds and yeasts in addition, the value of pH, water activity, dry matter, and assay of ash. The obtained results showed the presence of mesophilic aerobic total bacteria, and coliform total, the absence of Salmonella Typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and spores of anaerobic sulfito reducting and some colonies of yeasts, for the pH value, activity water, dray matter and assay of ash, the results were (4.10), (0.41), (9.63%) and (5.71%) respectively, which do not affect the final quality of the dried products and satisfactory to norms imposed by the commercial legislation of Algerian. On the other hand, the isothermal sorption is indispensable step to mastering the process of drying tomatoes, and to know the distribution and the intensity of the water connections in the products as a result, this experimental study aims to determine the physicochemical components' and the desorption isotherms curves for tomato harvested from the Touat region, in South-West Algeria, using the saturated salt solution method. The experiment is carried out for three temperature values 40℃, 50℃ and 60℃, to study the influence of the temperature on the equilibrium curves of the product and finally to describe the isothermal moisture desorption for tomato product for three temperatures using known models of GAB, GAB, modified BET who showing the best models isotherms sorption to model at and predict hygroscopic behavior during drying and storage. The results of this research can be used to determine characteristic drying curves and to have optimal storage conditions.
Water Requirements of Crops under Various Kc Coefficient Approaches by Using Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP)
Authors: Najm Abu Baker A. , Abdulhameed Isam M. , Sulaiman Sadeq O.
Published: November 2020

In this study, the Dual-Kc approach within FAO-56 paper was applied by water evaluation and planning (WEAP) to get the Kc parameters (Kcb and Ke) and to calculate the water requirement for various soil textures. The results compared with the outputs of Single-Kc approach for summer and winter crops in addition to trees. The results showed when applying Dual-Kc approach, the water requirements was more compared with the Single-Kc approach, except the tomato, eggplant, and Broad bean crop, which decreased by 5%, 4%, and 17% respectively. Also, there was a different in values of coefficient when compare two approaches, it was increased in Dual-Kc approach for wheat by 62% with 20% during initial and end-stage while ranged between 26-58% for trees during all season with more different for other winter and summer crops. The water requirement of crops was different according to soil texture. The net water requirement of wheat was 429 mm and 433 mm for sandy loam and clay loam respectively, with different in irrigation intervals 11 and 12 respectively, while the silt loam was recording water requirement 417 mm with 8 irrigation intervals.
Krótki kurs „Biochemia z elementami chemii” w ocenie studentów kierunku Ratownictwo Medyczne i propozycje zmian w jego nauczaniu
Authors: Jagusiak Anna , Bentke-Imiolek Anna
Published: November 2020

Medical studentsâ active involvement in the process of learning and acquiring the knowledge allow to develop passions and skills. The aim of learning should be to increase the number of students involved and satisfied with the learning process. Positive results can be achieved by creating attractive and accessible conditions for students to learn. The search for techniques that increase student involvement, the introduction of new teaching methods and student-oriented education should be a permanent element of modern teaching.

Short courses, particularly with a small number of participants, pose certain organizational challenges. The students start the course often with significantly different initial basic knowledge and background. Additionally small number of students highlights their different expectations. In order to interest all students, a number of modern, active teaching methods should be implemented and applied.  Thus we ultimately will achieve the result in increased students satisfaction with the simultaneous achievement of the intended learning outcomes within the course. Moreover one of the most important goals of the course is for the student to acquire such skills and knowledge that will be future-job useful for them.

            The aim of this article is to describe the changes planned in the course "Biochemistry with Elements of Chemistry" for Emergency Medical Services.   The article focuses on presenting proposals for educational techniques, the application of which will create conditions for improving and equalizing student learning experience. The planned modifications are expected to increase the satisfaction of educators from teaching and students from learning. The basic change in the course concept will be the transition from the general transfer of knowledge in form of information presentation, to student centered learning and their active participation in the learning process. It is planned to introduce remote (on-line) teaching using e-learning platforms, and available online interactive teaching tools such as polleverywhere (https://www.polleverywhere.com/) or perusall (https://perusall.com/inactivity). Moreover, Case based learning, activation techniques embedded in the context of the future emergency services profession, such as role-playing, critical analysis of results or reporting, will be introduced.
Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Trade Wars and Sea-Air Transportati
Authors: Kiracı Kasım , Ercan Akan
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to empirically analyse the relationship between the trade wars and modes of transport for selected countries. For this purpose the causality relationship between trade value and sea transport / air transportation for EU-G20 and US-G20 countries was examined. Panel causality analysis was used as a method in the study. The empirical findings of the study show the existence of a causality relationship between the trade value and modes of transport (sea transport and air transport) for country groups. This shows that the countries' sea and air transport will be adversely affected by trade wars.
The Impact of Private Capital Flows on Economic Growth in the MENA Region
Authors: Ousama Ben-Salha , Mourad Zmami
Published: November 2020

The aim of the article is to conduct an empirical analysis of the impact of aggregate and disaggregate private capital flows on economic growth in eleven MENA countries between 1980 and 2018. Unlike prior empirical studies, the fixed effect panel quantile approach developed by Canay (2011) is implemented. Findings suggest that there is a significant difference in the effects of private capital flows on economic growth across lower and higher quantiles. More specifically, the effects of total private capital flows, foreign direct investment flows, portfolio flows and debt flows are positive and statistically significant only for low and medium quantiles, indicating that the enhancing impact of private capital flows in terms of economic growth is only confirmed in countries with relatively low and medium growth rates. Moreover, debt flows affect economic growth in countries recording high growth rates, stressing the importance of financial development in routing those flows into the most productive projects in the economy.
International mobility of students in modern conditions of transformation in the global market of services (regional aspect)
Authors: Bulatova Olena , Zaikovsky Оleg
Published: November 2020

Modern global processes are stated to have significantly influenced transformations in the higher education system. On the other hand, internationalisation of higher education has become a key factor in the development of global processes. Accor-dingly, it becomes necessary to determine the specific nature of the internationalisation processes of higher education in different countries, as well as the involvement thereof in the processes of academic mobility at establishing the educational space transformation under the conditions of globalization, at grounding the changing place and role of universities as higher education internationalisation contribute to enhancing the convergence of national educational systems, providing a significant influence on the level of competitiveness of national economies. The authors define the peculiarities of attrac-ting countries to mobility processes and systematise the waves of international student mobility, taking into account the geopolitical and geo-economic factors of positive and negative influence of institutional drivers. Furthermore, dynamic shifts in international student mobility are calculated and the regional distribution of foreign students by educational level is determined. The purpose of the article is to identify the waves and substantiate the factors of international student mo-bility in the context of the transformation of the global market of educational services.
Examining market concentration levels of available global financial commodity products
Authors: Valluri Subhakara
Published: November 2020

The primary objective of this study is to find disparities in the commodity product offerings in various financial markets across the world along with their market concentration levels. Identifying the product gaps in commodity-based financial products offered by the worldwide financial exchanges can assist the decision-makers to fill the existing gaps and strategi-cally attain the worldwide competitive market of commodity exchanges for all nations. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, HHI, is used to measure market concentration grouped by geographical regions or exchanges. Our study is conducted for the time period between 2012 and 2016. The disparity analysis indicates a disparity between the various types of com-modity products traded in several exchanges across different geographical regions. Our HHI values reflect a high level of commodity market volume concentration in region-wise analysis and a moderate level of market volume concentration in the exchange-wise analysis.
Magazynowanie wodoru w obiektach geologicznych
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Such Piotr
Published: November 2020

Hydrogen economy became one of the main directions in EU’s Green Deal for making Europe climate neutral in 2050. Hydrogen will be produced with the use of renewable energy sources or it will be obtained from coking plants and chemical companies. It will be applied as ecological fuel for cars and as a mix with methane in gas distribution networks. Works connected with all aspects of hydrogen infrastructure are conducted in Poland. The key problem in creating a hydrogen system is hydrogen storage. They ought to be underground (RES) because of their potential volume. Three types of underground storages are taken into account. There are salt caverns, exploited gas reservoirs and aquifers. Salt caverns were built in Poland and now they are fully operational methane storages. Oli and Gas Institute – National Research Institute has been collaborating with the Polish Oil and Gas Company since 1998. Salt cavern storage exists and is used as methane storages. Now it is possible to use them as methane-hydrogen mixtures storages with full control of all operational parameters (appropriate algorithms are established). Extensive study works were carried out in relation to depleted gas reservoirs/aquifers: from laboratory investigations to numerical modelling. The consortium with Silesian University of Technology was created, capable of carrying out all possible projects in this field. The consortium is already able to undertake the project of adapting the depleted field to a methane-hydrogen storage or, depending on the needs, to a hydrogen storage. All types of investigations of reservoir rocks and reservoir fluids will be taken into consideration.
Wpływ warunków środowiskowych i instalacyjnych na proces wymiany ciepła w wybranych przemysłowych gazomierzach miechowych
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Dudek Adrian
Published: November 2020

Since 2016, Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute (INiG – PIB) has been conducting new research to determine the relationship between ambient temperature and gas temperature in industrial diaphragm gas meters during the measurement, and to develop new recommendations for billing systems using industrial diaphragm gas meters with a throughput of until 25 m3/h. In the first stage, work was carried out, in which the obtained test results confirmed that the heat exchange process in an industrial diaphragm gas meter depends on the ambient temperature, the gas temperature at the inlet to the gas meter, the flow rate of the gas flowing, as well as the casing surface and the gas volume of the gas meter. In the next stage, work was carried out to determine the relationship between ambient temperature and gas temperature at the industrial diaphragm gas meter connection during the measurement. The obtained results undermined the thesis, which indicated that the gas inlet temperature is equal to the gas temperature at the depth of the gas network. In the last stage, work was carried out to determine the course of changes in gas temperature in industrial diaphragm gas meters as a function of ambient temperature and cyclical changes of the gas flow rate, which were to reflect the work of gas meters installed at customers’ premises. The analysis of the obtained test results once again showed a strong dependence of the gas temperature inside industrial diaphragm gas meters on the ambient temperature, but also on the flow rate of gas. The obtained results of laboratory tests will be used to carry out a thermodynamic description of the heat exchange process in an industrial diaphragm gas meter, which would allow the determination of the gas billing temperature as a function of the ambient temperature, the temperature of the inflowing gas and the gas flow rate. The calculated gas temperature values could be used to determine the temperature correction factors applicable when settling gas consumers billed on the basis of measurement with the use of industrial diaphragm gas meters.
Badanie wpływu zwiększonej zawartości wybranych związków siarki na odpowiedź detektora THT stosowanego w analizatorach ANAT-M
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Huszał Anna , Albert Albert ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: November 2020

Proper and systematic control of the odorization process is a basic condition for ensuring public safety in the distribution and use of gaseous fuels and for the continuity of the process. Maintaining a constant level of gas odorization requires gas network operators to constantly monitor the odorizing process. The control is carried out, among others by measuring the concentration of odorant in the gas. This is an important and inseparable element of controlling the degree of odorization of gaseous fuels, aimed at controlling the operation of odorizing devices by verifying the dose of odorizing agent or controlling the composition of gaseous fuel at any point of the gas distribution network. The correctness of uninterrupted control of the degree of gas odorization depends on the availability and quality of measuring instruments. The only process chromatographic analyzer intended for continuous measurement of the odorant concentration in gaseous fuels used on a national scale is the ANAT-M analyzer. Since this device works under process conditions, not supervised by an analyst, it is extremely important to recognize the restrictions on the correctness of its indications resulting from the presence of certain compounds in the gas. The article presents the analysis of observations and results of analyzes regarding the impact of selected sulfur compounds and other components of high-methane natural gas on the response of the THT detector currently used in ANAT-M analyzers. The significance of this influence for the quality of obtained THT concentration measurement results was determined. Gases containing sulfur compounds that may be present in the network gas, such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, as well as network gas containing the addition of LNG and biogas gases were tested. The obtained test results were analyzed in terms of determining the magnitude of the impact of the tested parameters on the precision of measurements performed with the ANAT-M analyzer.
Rtęć w próbkach mieszanin gazowych – przegląd metod pobierania i oznaczania rtęci
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Król Anna , Kukulska-Zając Ewa ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: November 2020

The determination of the composition of gas mixtures, especially those analytes which exist, for example, as contaminants for the main components of the gas mixture, very often requires the concentration of the analyte so that it can be quantified. The analysis of gaseous environmental samples, including air and air samples at workplaces, is difficult, which results from: the need to work with samples with an extensive matrix and heterogeneous distribution of pollutants, the stability of the analyte and the presence of interfering substances (interferents) in the sample. On the other hand, the analysis of trace components of gaseous fuels is difficult due to the need to collect a suitably concentrated sample so that these components can be quantified. This article provides an overview and analysis of the methods used for the collection and determination of mercury in gas mixtures. Currently, there are standardized mercury collection and determination methodologies dedicated to matrices such as air, workplace air, waste gases or natural gas. These are both manual and fully automated methods. Most of the methods described in the literature on the subject consist of two stages, i.e. the stage of collecting a sample for a solid or liquid sorbent and the stage of desorption and determination of the mercury content in the collected sample using methods dedicated to the analysis of this element. The most frequently used methods for collecting mercury samples in gas mixtures are: the gold amalgamation method and the sorption methods on powder sorbents (such as activated carbon, hopcalite, impregnated silica gel), glass fibers, impregnated cellulose filters and liquid sorbents (such as e.g. acids). The methods of sample desorption are varied and depend on the material on which the analyte has been absorbed and the selected mercury determination method. Three methods are mainly used to analyze samples for mercury content, i.e. the cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry method (CV-AAS), the cold vapor fluorescence atomic spectrometry method (CV-AFS) and the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method (ICP-MS). However, it should be kept in mind that although the methods available and used for the analysis of mercury content in gas are standardized, they are not resistant to the presence of hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulphide in the tested samples. These are the compounds that are most often mentioned as substances interfering in the determination of mercury in gases using the above-mentioned methods.
Program ramowy Horyzont Europa czynnikiem wspierającym transformację energetyczną kraju
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Ciechanowska Maria
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the objectives of the Horizon Europe framework programme, conceived by the European Commission for 2021–2027, for the purposes of research and innovation. This programme is structured around three pillars, focusing on: creating the right conditions for researchers to acquire a high level of knowledge and skills, harnessing Europe’s intellectual capital, development of key technologies and innovative solutions in selected areas. The thematic groups of Horizon Europe have been presented, including: health, digital solutions, climate, energy, industry, bioeconomy. Attention has been paid to the organisation of international cooperation in the scope of research and innovation, where partnership has a special place in the upcoming programme perspective. The partnership is understood here as cooperation between research teams from EU Member States, the private sector, foundations or associations in undertaking and carrying out initiatives to support the development and implementation of the research agenda. The place of hydrogen technology in the development of various sectors of the economy was emphasised – from energy, road, rail, air, inland and sea transport, through heating and air conditioning, to the petrochemical, chemical and steel industries. The gas industry has a great role to play in the implementation of these technologies, having both the experience and the infrastructure to transport natural gas with the addition of hydrogen or to store hydrogen as an energy carrier. The benefits of implementing Horizon Europe have been presented. In addition to the chief benefits, related to the main objective of helping to make Europe a climate-neutral continent by 2050, attention has been paid to ensuring open access to publications and raw research results as well as to reinforcing international cooperation between research teams. The main assumptions and objectives of the Digital Europe programme have been presented, as well as the areas covered by funding (e.g. artificial intelligence, advanced digital skills, wide use of modern digital technologies in the entire economy). Both Horizon Europe and Digital Europe are compatible with the European Green Deal strategy of the EU.