bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhizomucor hepatosplenic abscesses in a patient with renal and pancreatic transplantation
Authors: Schneider M , Kobayashi K , Uldry E , Demartines N , Golshayan D , Halkic N
Published: March 2021

Fungal infections are generally observed in immunosuppressed patients only, with a diagnostic challenge due to non-specific symptoms. For this reason, appropriate management may be delayed. This case report concerns a 36-year-old man with history of pancreas and kidney transplantation. He had chemotherapy for post-transplant B-cell lymphoma and presented with left upper abdominal pain and fever. Multiple investigations led to a final diagnosis of disseminated abdominal mucormycosis with multiple Rhizomucor abscesses in the liver, spleen and kidney transplant. Treatment was antifungal therapy and laparotomy with splenectomy, wedge resection of two fungal abscesses in segments II and IVb, and segmental left colic resection.
Added-value of mosquito vector breeding sites from street view images in the risk mapping of dengue incidence in Thailand
Authors: Su Yin Myat , Bicout Dominique J. , Haddawy Peter , Schöning Johannes , Laosiritaworn Yongjua , Sa-angchai Patiwat
Published: March 2021

Dengue is an emerging vector-borne viral disease across the world. The primary dengue mosquito vectors breed in containers with sufficient water and nutrition. Outdoor containers can be detected from geotagged images using state-of-the-art deep learning methods. In this study, we utilize such container information from street view images in developing a risk mapping model and determine the added value of including container information in predicting dengue risk. We developed seasonal-spatial models in which the target variable dengue incidence was explained using weather and container variable predictors. Linear mixed models with fixed and random effects are employed in our models to account for different characteristics of containers and weather variables. Using data from three provinces of Thailand between 2015 and 2018, the models are developed at the sub-district level resolution to facilitate the development of effective targeted intervention strategies. The performance of the models is evaluated with two baseline models: a classic linear model and a linear mixed model without container information. The performance evaluated with the correlation coefficients, R-squared, and AIC shows the proposed model with the container information outperforms both baseline models in all three provinces. Through sensitivity analysis, we investigate the containers that have a high impact on dengue risk. Our findings indicate that outdoor containers identified from street view images can be a useful data source in building effective dengue risk models and that the resulting models have potential in helping to target container elimination interventions.
Early onset of neurological features differentiates two outbreaks of Lassa fever in Ebonyi state, Nigeria during 2017–2018
Authors: Chika-Igwenyi Nneka M. , Harrison Rebecca E. , Psarra Christina , Gil-Cuesta Julita , Gulamhusein Maria , Onwe Emeka O. , Onoh Robinson C. , Unigwe Uche S. , Ajayi Nnennaya A. , Nnadozie Ugochukwu U. , Ojide Chiedozie K. , Nwidi Damian U. , Ezeanosike Obumneme , Sampson Emeka , Adeke Azuka S. , Ugwu Collins N. , Anebonam Uchenna , Tshiang Jacques K. , Maikere Jacob , Reid Anthony
Published: March 2021

Lassa fever (LF) is an acute viral haemorrhagic illness with various non-specific clinical manifestations. Neurological symptoms are rare at the early stage of the disease, but may be seen in late stages, in severely ill patients.The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological evolution, socio-demographic profiles, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients seen during two Lassa fever outbreaks in Ebonyi State, between December 2017 and December 2018.

Routinely collected clinical data from all patients admitted to the Virology Centre of the hospital during the period were analysed retrospectively. Out of a total of 83 cases, 70(84.3%) were RT-PCR confirmed while 13 (15.7%) were probable cases. Sixty-nine (83.1%) patients were seen in outbreak 1 of whom 53.6% were urban residents, while 19%, 15%, and 10% were farmers, students and health workers respectively. There were 14 (16.8%) patients, seen in second outbreak with 92.9% rural residents. There were differences in clinical symptoms, signs and laboratory findings between the two outbreaks. The case fatality rates were 29.9% in outbreak 1 and 85.7% for outbreak 2. Neurological features and abnormal laboratory test results were associated with higher mortality rate, seen in outbreak 2. This study revealed significant differences between the two outbreaks. Of particular concern was the higher case fatality during the outbreak 2 which may be from a more virulent strain of the Lassa virus. This has important public health implications and further molecular studies are needed to better define its characteristics.
Sporadic outbreaks of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in Uganda, July 2018-January 2019
Authors: Mirembe Bernadette Basuta , Musewa Angella , Kadobera Daniel , Kisaakye Esther , Birungi Doreen , Eurien Daniel , Nyakarahuka Luke , Balinandi Stephen , Tumusiime Alex , Kyondo Jackson , Mulei Sophia Mbula , Baluku Jimmy , Kwesiga Benon , Kabwama Steven Ndugwa , Zhu Bao-Ping , Harris Julie R. , Lutwama Julius Julian , Ario Alex Riolexus
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne, zoonotic viral disease that causes haemorrhagic symptoms. Despite having eight confirmed outbreaks between 2013 and 2017, all within Uganda’s ‘cattle corridor’, no targeted tick control programs exist in Uganda to prevent disease. During a seven-month-period from July 2018-January 2019, the Ministry of Health confirmed multiple independent CCHF outbreaks. We investigated to identify risk factors and recommend interventions to prevent future outbreaks.

Methods

We defined a confirmed case as sudden onset of fever (≥37.5°C) with ≥4 of the following signs and symptoms: anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, abdominal pain, joint pain, or sudden unexplained bleeding in a resident of the affected districts who tested positive for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFv) by RT-PCR from 1 July 2018–30 January 2019. We reviewed medical records and performed active case-finding. We conducted a case-control study and compared exposures of case-patients with age-, sex-, and sub-county-matched control-persons (1:4).

Results

We identified 14 confirmed cases (64% males) with five deaths (case-fatality rate: 36%) from 11 districts in western and central region. Of these, eight (73%) case-patients resided in Uganda’s ‘cattle corridor’. One outbreak involved two case-patients and the remainder involved one. All case-patients had fever and 93% had unexplained bleeding. Case-patients were aged 6–36 years, with persons aged 20–44 years more affected (AR: 7.2/1,000,000) than persons ≤19 years (2.0/1,000,000), p = 0.015. Most (93%) case-patients had contact with livestock ≤2 weeks before symptom onset. Twelve (86%) lived <1 km from grazing fields compared with 27 (48%) controls (ORM-H= 18, 95% CI = 3.2-∞) and 10 (71%) of 14 case-patients found ticks attached to their bodies ≤2 weeks before symptom onset, compared to 15 (27%) of 56 control-persons (ORM-H= 9.3, 95%CI = 1.9–46).

Conclusions

CCHF outbreaks occurred sporadically during 2018–2019, both within and outside ‘cattle corridor’ districts of Uganda. Most cases were associated with tick exposure. The Ministry of Health should partner with the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries to develop joint nationwide tick control programs and strategies with shared responsibilities through a One Health approach.
Control of cystic echinococcosis in the Middle Atlas, Morocco: Field evaluation of the EG95 vaccine in sheep and cesticide treatment in dogs
Authors: Amarir Fatimaezzahra , Rhalem Abdelkbir , Sadak Abderrahim , Raes Marianne , Oukessou Mohamed , Saadi Aouatif , Bouslikhane Mohammed , Gauci Charles G. , Lightowlers Marshall W. , Kirschvink Nathalie , Marcotty Tanguy
Published: March 2021

Background

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in Morocco and other North African countries.

Methodology/Principal findings

We investigated the potential of three strategies to reduceEchinococcus granulosustransmission: (1) 4-monthly treatment of dogs with praziquantel, (2) vaccination of sheep with the EG95 vaccine and (3) a combination of both measures. These measures were implemented during four consecutive years in different areas of the Middle Atlas Mountains in Morocco. The outcome of the interventions was assessed through hydatid cyst (viable and non-viable) counts in liver and lungs using necropsy orin vivoultrasound examination of the liver. A total of 402 lambs were recruited for annual vaccination with the EG95 anti-E.granulosusvaccine and 395 similar lambs were selected as non-vaccinated controls.

At approximately four years of age the relative risk (estimated as odds ratio) for vaccinated sheep to have viable hydatid cysts compared with non-vaccinated controls was 3% (9.37% of the vaccinated sheep were found infected while 72.82% of the controls were infected; p = 0.002). The number of viable cysts in vaccinated animals was reduced by approximately 97% (mean counts were 0.28 and 9.18 respectively; p<0.001). An average of 595 owned dogs received 4-monthly treatment during the 44 months trial, corresponding to 91% of the owned dog population. Approximately, 5% of them were examined forE.granulosusadult worms by arecoline purge or eggs in feces (confirmed by PCR). The proportion of infected dogs significantly decreased after treatment (12% versus 35%; p<0.001). Post-treatment incidence of re-infestation corresponded to a monthly risk of 4% (95% CI: 3–6%). Treatment of owned dogs on a 4-monthly basis did not reduce the level of transmission ofE.granulosusto sheep, nor did it enhance the level of control generated by vaccination of sheep with EG95, possibly because of unowned dogs and wild canids were not treated.

Conclusions/Significance

These data suggest that vaccination of sheep with EG95 has the potential to reduce the level of CE in Morocco and in other parts of the world with similar transmission dynamics. Under the epidemiological circumstances existing in the trial area, 4-monthly treatment of owned dogs with praziquantel was insufficient to have a major impact ofE.granulosustransmission to sheep.
Survival, CD4 T lymphocyte count recovery and immune reconstitution pattern during the first-line combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 infection in Mongolia
Authors: Bayarsaikhan Solongo , Jagdagsuren Davaalkham , Gunchin Batbaatar , Sandag Tsogtsaikhan
Published: March 2021

Mongolia has a low incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with 281 cases reported at the end of 2019 and an estimated incidence rate of <0.01 cases per 1000 population.

However, no study has analyzed the association between antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes and pretreatment characteristics of patients with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Mongolia. This retrospective study aimed to determine the survival, CD4 T cell recovery, and immune reconstitution pattern during ART in HIV patients and to determine baseline patient characteristics associated with ART outcomes. Based on three different World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, we analyzed the 3-year observation data of 166 patients with HIV/AIDS who received treatment between 2010 and 2017. An increase of >50 cells/μL indicated CD4 T cell count recovery, and a cell count of ≥500 cells/μL in patients with a baseline cell count of <500 cells/μL indicated immune reconstitution. In this study, the 3- and 1-year mortality rates were 5.4% (survival rate: 94.6%) and 3.6%, respectively. A total of 83% of deaths that occurred in the observation time occurred within the first 3 months. The CD4 T cell count recovery rates at 3, 12, and 36 months were 62.7%, 80.7%, and 89.2%, respectively. The CD4 T cell count increased to >500 cells/μL in 95 of 145 (65.5%) patients with a baseline cell count of <500 cells/μL after 36 months of ART. The baseline CD4 T cell count was found to be a sensitive indicator for immune reconstitution. An advanced pretreatment clinical stage of HIV infection (as classified by the WHO classification), a low CD4 T cell count in the peripheral blood, and a high viral load before the initiation of the first-line ART accurately predicted survival, CD4 T cell count recovery, and immune reconstitution in Mongolian patients with HIV/AIDS.
Genotypes and phylogenetic analysis of adenovirus in children with respiratory infection in Buenos Aires, Argentina (2000–2018)
Authors: Marcone Débora N. , Culasso Andrés C. A. , Reyes Noelia , Kajon Adriana , Viale Diana , Campos Rodolfo H. , Carballal Guadalupe , Echavarria Marcela
Published: March 2021

Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are one of the most frequent causes of respiratory infections around the world, causing mild to severe disease. In Argentina, many studies focused on the association of HAdV respiratory infection with severe disease and fatal outcomes leading to the discovery in 1984 of a genomic variant 7h associated with high fatality. Although several molecular studies reported the presence of at least 4 HAdV species (B, C, D and E) in Argentina, few sequences were available in the databases. In this study, sequences from the hexon gene region were obtained from 141 patients as a first approach to assess the genetic diversity of HAdVs circulating in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences and others recovered from public databases confirmed the circulation of the four above-mentioned species represented by 11 genotypes, with predominance in species B and C and shifts in their proportion in the studied period (2000 to 2018). The variants detected in Argentina, for most of the genotypes, were similar to those already described in other countries. However, uncommon lineages belonging to genotypes C2, C5 and E4 were detected, which might indicate the circulation of local variants and will deserve further studies of whole-genome sequences.
How beauty product use links to Black Lives Matter: Examining the influence of beliefs of health threats on behaviour
Authors: Davis-Bundrage Melodie , Medvedev Katalin , Hall Jori N.
Published: March 2021

This study examines the influence of Black women’s beliefs of health threats on purchase intentions towards beauty products. It investigates whether Black women use natural beauty products to avoid health threats and injustice. Two focus groups were conducted with eleven female African American participants as part of a larger multi-method study. This article details the focus group sessions in which participants shared their stories and beliefs of how beauty ideals and products have negatively impacted their health and lives. Results indicate that constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM) relate to the participants’ lived experiences, that ‘Blackness’ – has a major influence on consumer behaviour and that barriers, such as racism, often prevent them from a leading healthier lifestyles. The findings provide insights into Black women’s lives as consumers and communicate the importance of beauty product toxicity and healthy product development as topics of concern within the Black Lives Matter movement.
Preliminary checklist of butterfly (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) species around Haringhata dairy farm, Nadia district, West Bengal including range extension of Prosotas bhutea (de Niceville, [1884]) for southern West Bengal, India
Authors: Dey Rajib
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate and produce an updated and exhaustive checklist of butterfly species recorded around Haringhata Dairy Farm till December 2020. This list is intended to serve as a basis to prepare conservation strategies and generate awareness among the local people. The checklist comprises a total of 106 butterfly species belonging to 06 families, 19 subfamilies, and 74 genera. It includes the range extension of Prosotas bhutea into the lower Gangetic plains of South Bengal.
La educación médica en el Grado en Medicina en época de pandemia y de post-pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Palés-Argullós Jorge , Gomar-Sancho Carmen
Published: March 2021

La situación de emergencia sanitaria provocada por el COVID-19 ha venido a suponer una enorme disrupción social, económica, política, educativa y personal en muchos países. La actividad en todos los niveles educativos se ha visto afectada de forma muy importante y de forma muy especial en el caso de la formación de los médicos y los profesionales sanitarios por sus especiales características. Ello ha determinado que las universidades debieran poner en marcha mecanismos para amortiguar los efectos inmediatos de esta contingencia. Pero con el paso de los meses, se ha comprobado desafortunadamente que la contingencia COVID-19 no ha desaparecido y todo indica que deberemos convivir con ella por un periodo todavía indeterminado. Por ello es necesario reflexionar no tanto sobre aquello que hemos debido hacer para solucionar la urgencia, sino en lo que deberemos hacer en el futuro inmediato para asegurar una formación adecuada de nuestros estudiantes de medicina y otros profesionales de la salud. En este articulo se reflexiona sobre aquellos cambios que deberían implementarse para afrontar la nueva situación, con especial referencia a los nuevos contenidos que deberemos impartir, a las metodologías docentes que deberemos usar y el papel de las TIC, la adaptación de las evaluaciones a la nueva situación, y a los nuevos roles que deberán desempeñar tanto profesores como estudiantes que viven la situación actual con ansiedad e incertidumbre.
Influencia de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la formación médica
Authors: Millán Núñez-Cortés Jesús
Published: March 2021

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha mostrado una respuesta inmediata en los servicios sanitarios. Pero este hecho ha requerido también un cambio inmediato en la educación médica tradicional: recursos educativos, actividades docentes, actitudes personales, conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías… tanto para estudiantes como para profesores. Esta situación puede proporcionar un escenario propicio para la transformación de la educación médica. Para todos los agentes implicados en la educación médica es una oportunidad para implementar la dinámica natural del aprendizaje de los conocimientos. Esta época ha forzado a estudiantes y educadores a transformar la educación médica en el futuro. Algunos de los principales aspectos de esta transformación son los que se han incluido en este trabajo, bajo la visión personal del autor.
¡Esto no es ficción!: la experiencia de aprendizaje durante una pandemia desde una asignatura de cine y literatura
Authors: Jurado Muñoz Andrea , Ruiz-Berdún Dolores
Published: March 2021

El año 2020 ha transformado la vida de la mayoría de los habitantes del planeta. Hace un año hubiera sido inimaginable pensar que una situación como la actual pudiera ser real y no fruto de una película perteneciente al género de catástrofes. Con este artículo queremos dejar constancia de la repercusión emocional e intelectual que supuso la coincidencia de la pandemia con el desarrollo de una asignatura optativa transversal para los grados de Ciencias de la Salud centrada en el uso del cine y la literatura como recursos docentes. La coincidencia temporal del inicio del confinamiento al que se vio sometida toda la población española, con el desarrollo del módulo de catástrofes y, más concretamente con el tema de las epidemias, revistió el progreso del resto de la asignatura de un ambiente especial que tal vez no volvamos a vivir, al menos con las mismas características.
Észlelt kockázat, észlelt érték és projektkompetenciák
Authors: Veres Zoltán , Sajtos László
Published: March 2021

A marketing alapkategóriái között a vásárlást megelőző észlelt kockázat és a termék által kínált érték problematikáját számos kutató vizsgálta. A fogyasztói piac/fizikai termék kontextusban különösképpen úgy tűnhet, hogy a kutatás fehér foltjai már eltűntek. Nem ilyen tiszta azonban a kép, ha a vizsgálatokat kiterjesztjük a szolgáltatáspiacra, amelynek tudományos feltárása hagyományosan elmarad a fizikai termékekétől. A szerzők kutatásának fókuszában a szolgáltató tevékenységek egy speciális szegmense, a projektjellegű szolgáltatások állnak. Ez a terület az észlelt kockázat és az észlelt érték kutatása szempontjából a szolgáltatáspiacon belül is „halmozottan hátrányos helyzetűnek” tekinthető. Egyrészt azért, mert ez – nem kizárólag, de dominánsan – szervezeti piaci problematika, és ennek kutathatósága természeténél fogva korlátozott, másrészt a projektmarketing – amely az alkalmazott marketingterületek között is viszonylag későn, a 90-es évek elején önállósodott – csak egy szűk kutatói hálózat érdekterülete. Természetesen az IMP védőernyője alatt ez a terület is gyorsan fejlődik, jóllehet a kutatható témák számossága még tekintélyes.
La motivación como variable influyente en la ansiedad y autoconfianza de los deportistas.
Authors: Catalá Mesón Patricia , Peñacabo Puente Cecilia , Velasco Furlong Lilian , Jareño Arias Noelia , Fernández Serrano Ángel
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es profundizar en la relación entre motivación, ansiedad y autoconfianza en el contexto deportivo. La muestra está formada por 562 jugadores de fútbol masculino pertenecientes a seis equipos de la comunidad de Madrid, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 19 años. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que la regulación introyectada se muestra como la única variable predictora de la ansiedad cognitiva, la motivación intrínseca de estimulación y de conocimiento de la autoconfianza, y la motivación intrínseca de ejecución de la ansiedad somática (en este caso con relaciones negativas). Una baja desmotivación y una alta motivación intrínseca hacia la estimulación se muestran como variables esenciales a la hora de diferenciar perfiles saludables de futbolistas. Se plantean líneas futuras de investigación, incluyendo el estudio de posibles variables moderadoras de la relación motivación-ansiedad, y la profundización en los procesos de actuación de la regulación introyectada.
Propuesta de entrenamiento psicológico integrado al deportivo en el tenis de mesa: una experiencia en el CAR Sant Cugat de Barcelona
Authors: Abenza Cano Lucia , Olmedilla Zafra Aurelio , Martínez Constanza
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo aborda el entrenamiento psicológico integrado al deportivo con deportistas desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar. Concretamente, el dirigido a dos jugadoras juveniles de tenis de mesa del equipo nacional español, internas en el Centro de Alto Rendimiento de Sant Cugat de Barcelona. Se describe el sistema de evaluación psicológica, el programa de intervención y se discuten los resultados derivados de la implementación del entrenamiento psicológico integrado al deportivo. En el programa de intervención se ofrece una descripción general de la planificación anual, en la cual se integran las cargas de trabajo psicológico en función del momento de la temporada y de la relevancia de las competiciones. Además, se explica con detalle una sesión tipo de entrenamiento con un repertorio de ejercicios que permiten integrar las habilidades psicológicas diariamente en la mesa
Financing Future Feed-in Electricity Tariffs from Currently Installed RES-E Generating Capacity
Authors: Pereira Alfredo Marvão , Pereira Rui Marvão
Published: March 2021

This paper addresses the issue of financing the excess costs of electricity generation from currently installed renewable energy production capacity. We use a dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the Portuguese economy. We consider three issues: the effects of the excess-costs; the effects of annuitizing the costs; and, the effects of different financing mechanisms. Following the logic of the tariff deficit, we recommend the annuitizing of these excess costs. This strategy is justified on distributional grounds. We also find that financing through carbon taxation is a better alternative than passing these excess costs to electricity consumers in the form of higher future prices. This is consistent with the idea that renewable production is not an issue pertaining to the electricity market but rather a part of the national quest for decarbonization. Finally, we show that there is little reason to extend such preferential financing to future renewable capacity installation.
Management Control in Cameroon Municipal Areas: A Response to the Urgent Issue of Risk Management
Authors: LEA Isaac , MAYEGLE François-Xavier
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Generally, Cameroon municipalies encounter organisaonal risks. This research has idened a

typology of such risks and presents management control as a cursor of enlightenment and

governance in controlled risk. This objecve is achieved aer using a quantave method through a

hypotheco-deducve approach aimed at tesng three hypotheses; the study was conducted using a

quesonnaire administered in 9 out of 10 regions in Cameroon. At the end, this study highlights that

management control in Cameroon municipal areas is void of proacve tools, and uses only tradional

tools. It also highlights that ways of implemenng management control in Cameroon municipalies

are not conducive to reduce risks.

Key words: control management, organisaonal risks, municipality.
Global Studies and Education in Developing Countries: Road-mapping Interdisciplinarity for Sustainable Development
Authors: Amodu Akeem
Published: March 2021

The education landscape in the 21st Century is witnessing global paradigm shifts. Emergent pedagogic practices are redefining hitherto compartmentalized systems of teaching and learning. With the advances in technology and the attendant expansions of the frontiers of knowledge - through the processes of digitalization and globalization -, the hitherto intellectual boundaries between disciplines are increasingly becoming blurred and of little or no relevance to contemporary scholarship. Emergent 21st century scholarship in the developed countries is characterized by a continued break down of intellectual barriers or walls between academic disciplines. A critical look at the courses being offered by academic institutions in the developed countries reflect interdisciplinarity: Global Studies; History and Philosophy of Sustainable Development (HPSD); and, History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) among others. A similar look at the curricular of most departments of higher institutions in developing countries however reveals holding on to traditional departmentalizations that characterized scholarship prior the commencement of the 21st century. With particular reference to the discipline Global Studies, we shall in this paper analytically discuss the emergent phenomenon of interdisciplinary scholarship as a means of road-mapping and repositioning academic departments and disciplines for sustainable development in developing countries. The paper argumentatively recommends frameworks for reforming the largely monodisciplinary education service delivery system in developing countries. In particular, the paper analytically asserts that interdisciplinarity has the potentials of engendering imperative solutions to the myriad of developmental challenges confronting developing nations across the globe.
The medical mind of Ibn Kholdoun in Al Mogademah (The Prefacet)
Authors: Adwan Mezyed
Published: March 2021

The title of this research paper is “Ibn Khaldoun’s Medical Mind. This paper discusses two general concepts related to medicine , the concept of delivery and  medicine in general.

Ibn Kaldoun discusses  the nature of science as viewed by Ibn Khaldoun, the anatomy  and physiology of digestive system and its accessories , the liver,ducts m secreation, diagestive gland as well as food digestion and absorption, delivery process and  some issues related to the delivery and dilevery process as well as the role of the Midwife. Ibn Khaldoun defined the "Medicine"and medical profession and  delivery . He also discussed some other concepts as disease, and the causes of illness. Ibn Khaldoun stressed the importance  of exercise, diet and environmental factors on healthy living.Ibn Khaldoun functioned these factors in treatment  of diseases.
Re-examining the Benefits of Decentralization for Infrastructure Delivery at the Metropolitan Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) in Ghana
Authors: Hackman Joe Kingsley , Ayarkwa Joshua , Osei-Asibey Dickson , Adjei-Kumi Theophilus , Kissi Ernest
Published: March 2021

Decentralization has been promoted to reflect citizens’ preferences and to improve local services. Hence, the strong demand for decentralization across the globe particularly in developing countries. This paper aimed at re-examining the benefits of decentralization for infrastructure delivery at the MMDAs in Ghana. Quantitative research approach was adopted for the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to solicit construction professionals’ opinions on the benefits of decentralization to the MMDAs. A total of 121 professionals from 36 MMDAs in the Greater Accra and Ashanti regions of Ghana participated in the survey. Mean score ranking and Factor analysis were the statistical tools employed for the analysis of the data collected. The findings of the study indicated five categories of the benefits of decentralization including: Decentralized/Democratic governance; Equal distribution of infrastructure; Improved Local capacity; Improved Financial capacity; and Improved Local development. Furthermore, the top four significant benefits accruing from decentralization as agreed upon by the respondents were: Enhanced democratic governance; Improved internally generated funds; Utilization of local materials and Improved and faster infrastructure delivery. The findings of this study provide a wider and improved understanding of the benefits of decentralization particularly to the MMDAs, which in turn would enhance their delivery of infrastructure. Therefore, effective measures should be put in place in order to drive the implementation of decentralization in Ghana. Also, proper decentralized governance systems need to be established to improve the capacity of the MMDAs to deliver infrastructure.
The Influence of Internal Communication on Job Performance: Controlling for Key Worker Characteristics
Authors: Ocra Ben
Published: March 2021

This study assessed the influence of internal communication on job performance, with relevant lurking variables controlled for as a new way of contributing to academic debate. This study was a correlational design that drew data from employees of University of Education Winneba (UEW). All 274 employees who met some selection criteria participated in this study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to gather data. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation test, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to present findings of the study. The study found that downward, upward, and lateral communication in the university made a positive effect on job performance after controlling for job tenure, education, income, and employee level. Downward communication makes the strongest effect on job performance. It is therefore concluded that increasing the level of effectiveness in terms of downward, upward, and lateral communication in the university can increase the level of job performance.
The Central Manager of the Arsinoite Notariate in the Late Second Century
Authors: Claytor W. Graham
Published: March 2021

Publication of a donkey sale from the University of Michigan excavations of Soknopaiou Nesos, which was drawn up through a little-attested notarial official with authority over both metropolite and village grapheia. The document helps clarify the process of notarial centralization in the Arsinoite nome of the late second century CE.
The Sahidic Tripartite Isaiah: Origins and Transmission within the Coptic Manuscript Culture
Authors: Suciu Alin
Published: March 2021

This study shows that the book of Isaiah was sometimes divided by Coptic scribes into three parts, each of them being copied individually into a separate manuscript. By surveying the available evidence, the author argues that this practice originated in the 4th century CE and was in use until the 8th century CE. The origins and eventual disappearance of tripartite Isaiah must be connected with the transformations that affected Coptic codices and scribal traditions from late antiquity to the medieval period.
Enhanced Infrared Heating of Thermoplastic Composite Sheets for Thermoforming Processes
Authors: Längauer M. , Zitzenbacher G. , Burgstaller C. , Hochenauer C.
Published: March 2021

Thermoforming of thermoplastic composites attracts increasing attention in the community due to the mechanical performance of these materials and their recyclability. Yet there are still difficulties concerning the uniformity of the heating and overheating of parts prior to forming. The need for higher energy efficiencies opens new opportunities for research in this field. This is why this study presents a novel experimental method to classify the efficiency of infrared heaters in combination with different thermoplastic composite materials. In order to evaluate this, different organic sheets are heated in a laboratory scale heating station until a steady state condition is reached. This station mimics the heating stage of an industrial composite thermoforming device and allows sheets to slide on top of the pre-heated radiator at a known distance. By applying thermodynamic balances, the efficiency of chosen parameters and setups is tested. The tests show that long heating times are required and the efficiency of the heating is low. Furthermore, the efficiency is strongly dependent on the distance of the heater to the sheet, the heater temperature and also the number of heating elements. Yet, using a full reflector system proves to have a huge effect and the heating time can be decreased by almost 50%.
Understanding White Nationalism in American Politics
Authors: Smith Robert C.
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the contribution of Ronald Walters to the development of white nationalism as a theory of white subjugation and domination of African Americans in the post–civil rights era. It also discusses why his work has been ignored by political science scholarship on the subject, and the relationship between white nationalism and white racism.
Kearifan Lokal Dalam Tradisi Gebyag Cah Angon
Authors: Wardhani Novia Wahyu , Ihsan Maulana
Published: March 2021

Setiap tradisi memiliki nilai-nilai kearifan local begitu juga dalam tradisi Gebyag Cah Angon. Tradisi ini ada sebagai ungkapan rasa syukur manusia kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rezeki. Ungkapan ini tentu berbeda antara daerah satu dengan daerah yang lain. Seperti tradisi ngalap berkah, larung laut, gugur gunung, dan lain-lain. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kearifan local dalam tradisi Gebyak Cah Angon. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Cara memperoleh data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Observasi dilakukan di Desa Entak Kecamatan Ambal Kabupaten Kebumen pada bulan November 2019. Wawancara dengan informan tetua desa, pemerintah desa, dan masyarakat. Dokumentasi diperoleh dari dokumen desa. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan perpanjangan pengamatan dan triangulasi sumber.Â  Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif meliputi proses pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tradisi Gebyag Cah Angon memiliki nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang harus dilestarikan yaitu nilai religius, peduli, dan gotong royong.
Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Karakter Sirriâ€™ Na Pacce melalui Strategi Inkuiri pada Pembelajaran PPKn SMA
Authors: Muhajir Muhajir
Published: March 2021

Pendidikan karakter merupakan isu urgen yang harus terintegrasi dalam setiap kegiatan pembelajaran terutama pembelajaran pendidikan Pancasila dan kewarganegaraan (PPKn). Oleh karena itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Karakter Sirriâ€™ Na Pacce melalui Strategi Inkuiri Pada Pembelajaran PPKn SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode research and development (RD) dengan model ADDIE dan akan dilaksanakan di dua (2) sekolah yakni SMAN 2 Gowa dan SMAN 4 Takalar yang dipilih secara purposive dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif secara berkesinambungan guna mengetahui realitas proses pembelajaran PPKn. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa internalisasi nilai-nilai karakter Sirriâ€™ Na Pacce melalui strategi Inkuiri pada pembelajaran PPKn di SMA dilakukan melalui lima tahapan yakni; Tahap Orientasi, Tahap Merumuskan Masalah, Tahap Merumuskan Hipotesis, Tahap Mengumpulkan Data, Tahap Menguji Hipotesis, Tahap Merumuskan kesimpulan. Pada tahapan awal guru mengarahkan siswa berpikir pemecahan masalah yang berkaitan dengan pelanggaran nilai-nilai Sirri Na Pacce dan kemudian membimbing siswa untuk mengikuti tahapan tersebut. Pada akhir tahapan guru menyimpulkan bersama siswa agar tidak terjadi perbedaan penafsiran nilai. Adapun nilai-nilai Sirriâ€™ Na Pacce yang di internalisasikan adalah Harga diri, Malu, Teguh Pendirian, Tepat Janji, Setia, Jujur.
Growth hormone treatment for short stature associated with duplication of the NSD1 Sotos syndrome gene
Authors: Bernhardt Isaac T , Gunn Alistair J , Carter Philippa J
Published: March 2021

NSD1 deletions are associated with the Sotos syndrome, a syndrome of overgrowth in childhood without evidence of endocrine disturbance. Duplications involving the NSD1 gene have been reported to be associated with a ‘reverse Sotos syndrome’ phenotype, characterised by short stature, microcephaly, dysmorphic features and developmental delay. A 2-year-old girl with short stature, dysmorphic features and developmental delay was found to have duplication of 5q32.2–5q32.3, which includes the NSD1 gene. Growth hormone stimulation testing was normal. Growth hormone therapy was initiated at 5 years of age due to severe short stature and growth failure, with height 3.35 standard deviations (SDS) below the median. Growth velocity increased markedly, by +4.91 SDS in the first year of treatment. At the time of last follow-up at 9 years and 11 months, she had achieved a height within 1 SDS of the median. This is the first report of growth hormone therapy for the short stature associated with duplication of the NSD1 gene, showing that despite normal pituitary function, exogenous growth hormone can dramatically improve linear growth.

Learning points:

Sotos syndrome is a disorder of childhood overgrowth caused by NSD1 deletions.

Duplications involving NSD1 cause a ‘reverse Sotos syndrome’ phenotype characterised by short stature and microcephaly.

The contrasting phenotypes of NSD1 deletions and duplications suggest a dose effect.

Stimulated growth hormone secretion is normal in children with NSD1 deletions and duplications.

Growth hormone therapy can be very effective in children with NSD1 duplications, comparable to the response seen in severe growth hormone deficiency.
Stanisław Pigoń and Manfred Kridl. Two concepts of literary research at the Stefan Batory University
Authors: Bujnicki Tadeusz
Published: March 2021

The article presents two different methodologies of eminent USB professors and lecturers: Stanisław Pigoń (1921-1931) and Manfred Kridl (1931-1939). Stanisław Pigoń, taking over the Department of Polish studies in Vilnius University, after Józef Kallenbach, continued traditional philological research on romantic literature, with particular emphasis on Mickiewicz and his Vilnius years. Pigoń’s interest included: the Philomatic environment, the issues of the Kaunas-Vilnius “Dziady” and research on location of the so-called Konrad’s cell. In turn prof. Kridl introduced the modern “integral method” to Vilnius Polish studies, derived from Roman Ingarden’s theory of literary work, research on the issues of the style and structure of the poem and Russian formalism. Both educated a group of eminent scholars (Czesław Zgorzelski, Maria Renata Mayenowa, Irena Sławińska, Maria Rzewuska and others).
About „filomacka“ tradition during the inter-war period in Vilnius: “Wiwlasy” by Edward Walewski (1926) and a newspaper „Filomatka“ (1929).
Authors: Fedorowicz Irena
Published: March 2021

In Vilnius that was considered as spiritual capital of Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the period of inter-war, and mainly in ’20s of the XX century still was very living romanticism tradition. The important person and symbolic messenger of this tradition was Adam Mickiewicz, the most famous polish-lithuanian poet, polish national prophet. Very noticeable was the fact that the best known literary scientists, like: J. Kallenbach, S. Pigoń, K. Górski were employed in Polish Literature Department, in Faculty of Humanities of Stefan Batory University. Wladysław Mickiewicz – son of the poet Adam Mickiewicz, also his biographer visited Vilnius and university in 1922. In 1926 was published collection of poems named Wiwlasy. Jamb na stulecie filomatów by Edward Walewski. It consists of 48 sonnets that describe the activity of „Filomaci and Filareci“ Society members. The lyrics refer also to people (J. Lelewel, K. Kontry, E. Groddeck), and places (Nowogródek, Tuhanowicz, Bolcienik) related to some meaningful locations connected with „Filomaci“ trial case. The other significant literary event was the attempt to issue due to efforts of some teachers K. Adamska-Roubina, S. Szemitówna-Cywińska and O. Zambrzycka-Swianiewiczowa, in Vilnius in 1929, the school newspaper „Filomatka“. Till our times only one archival copy is left, there is no evidence if there were more copies. It is necessary to mention that both literary events, despite their weak response, are interesting and worth mentioning examples of still alive tradition of „Filomaci“ in Vilnius.
“Lithuanian Athens”. Ludwik Janowski’s versions of the history of Vilnius University
Authors: Kowalczuk Urszula
Published: March 2021

The subject of this article is scientific reflection about the works on the history of Vilnius University had written in the first two decades of the twentieth century by the cultural historian, Ludwik Janowski (1878-1921), who was associated with the scientific community in Kiev and Krakow, and in 1919-1921 he was a professor at The Stefan Batory University in Vilnius. Janowski’s interest on the history of Vilnius University was a kind of a research passion all his life. Though he failed to write a historiographic synthesis that it has been planning. In his works he tried to correct and supplement the research on the history of Vilnius University. His studies and books compose a specific synthesis in fragments, which shows in a multi-variant narrative the most important stages and factors in the development of this great center of science and culture.
About Seraph’s arrow and St. Michael’s shield. A poem by priest Dominik Zabłocki OP for Countess Teresa Barbara Radziwill Pac on the occasion of her name day
Authors: Jakubėnas Regina
Published: March 2021

In the second half of the eighteenth century a lot of occasional poems were published in Vilnius. Their authors were often representatives of various orders: the Piarists, the Jesuits, the Basilians, the Dominicans. Name day poems enjoyed great popularity, which was influenced by the intensive development of various forms of social life. Name day poems were part of “home muse” or family poetry. The authors often addressed their works to representatives of the political and official elite of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, who played an important role in the public and political life of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The poems were more often devoted to the representatives of the male lineage due to their social status and functions, although it happened that women, especially representatives of influential families in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, were also the recipients of these poems. The article discusses an occasional work by a priest Dominik Zabłocki, Dominican friar, devoted to Countess Teresa Barbara Pacowa of the Dukes of Radziwills – a lady of the Austrian Order of the Starry Cross. The poem describes her personal merits, the merits of her husband and family, referring to the rich symbolism of the coat of arms of the Pac, the Radziwill and the Zawisza families from which Teresa Pacowa’s mother was descended. This piece of work undoubtedly belongs to the group of texts that were addressed to a wider audience and performed a political and propaganda function.
Multilingual competence of Adam Mickiewicz
Authors: Błazińska Helena
Published: March 2021

This article aims to show multi-stage acquisition of linguistic competence by Adam Mickiewicz as a phenomenon of his era. It is also intended to bring closer political relations and cultural traditions of numerous environments, among which the poet stayed during his travels around multiple countries. It will also be important to show the usefulness of subsequent languages that our bard faced as an erudite and genius of the nineteenth century. Mastery of 11 foreign languages, apart from Polish as a mother tongue, including some used only for communication purposes, even at the basic level, can certainly raise admiration, also among posterity. In this respect, therefore, Adam Mickiewicz still appears to be an unsurpassed authority.
Attitudes Towards Suicide among People with Eating Disorders
Authors: Toleikytė Uršulė
Published: March 2021

Clients of social workers have elevated suicide risks. One of those types of clients are people with eating disorders. Suicidality is associated with attitudes towards suicide. Although the suicidality of people with eating disorders is well-studied, their attitudes towards suicide have received less attention. The object of this research is to study the attitudes among people with eating disorders – 126 participants took place in this research: 63 people with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, other eating disorders) and 63 people without eating disorders. All the participants with eating disorders at the time of the research were receiving treatment at the Center for Eating Disorders (VšĮ Vilnius Mental Health center). The majority of participants were women (92%), with an average age of 25 years. All the respondents filled in an Attitudes towards suicide questionnaire (ATTS) and its supplement. The results showed that participants with eating disorders perceived suicide as less predictable and associated it with loneliness more than participants without eating disorders. Attitudes of people with anorexia nervosa and with bulimia nervosa towards suicide did not differ significantly. Participants with anorexia nervosa perceived suicide as less predictable, showed more nonintrusive attitudes towards suicide and associated it with loneliness more than participants without eating disorders. Attitudes towards suicide among people with bulimia nervosa and people without eating disorders did not differ significantly. The results could be explained by considering the characteristics of people with eating disorders and the methodology of this research. Recommendations for social work practice were formed based on the findings.