bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BOUNDARY STATES IN BOUNDARY LCFT: AN ALGEBRAIC APPROACH
Authors: ISHIMOTO YUKITAKA
Published: November 2003

It is well known that LCFT generally contains Jordan cell structure and, in our previous paper, we have proposed a conjecture that one and only one boundary sate is allowed in the rank-2 cell. With these states in c=-2 rational LCFT, we can express boundary states in the closed string picture, in regard to corresponding boundary conditions in the open string picture.

In this paper, We briefly review our previous paper on boundary states in LCFTs. We also add one more proof which supports the conjecture, and confirm this doesn't change our previous results.

This paper is based on the talk given at School & Workshop On Logarithmic Conformal Field Theory and Its Applications held in Tehran, Iran.
LOGARITHMIC CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY WITH BOUNDARY
Authors: KAWAI SHINSUKE
Published: November 2003

This lecture note covers topics on boundary conformal field theory, modular transformations and the Verlinde formula, and boundary logarithmic CFT. An introductory review on CFT with boundary and a discussion of its applications to logarithmic cases are given. LCFT at c=-2 is mainly discussed.
DISORDERED SYSTEMS AND LOGARITHMIC CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY
Authors: TABAR M. REZA RAHIMI
Published: November 2003

We review a recent development in theoretical understanding of the quenched averaged correlation functions of disordered systems and the logarithmic conformal field theory (LCFT) in d-dimensions. The logarithmic conformal field theory is the generalization of the conformal field theory when the dilatation operator is not diagonal and has the Jordan form. It is discussed that at the random fixed point the disordered systems such as random-bond Ising model, Polymer chain, etc. are described by LCFT and their correlation functions have logarithmic singularities. As an example we discuss in detail the application of LCFT to the problem of random-bond Ising model in 2≤d≤4.
STRESS ENERGY TENSOR IN LCFT AND LOGARITHMIC SUGAWARA CONSTRUCTION
Authors: KOGAN IAN I. , NICHOLS ALEXANDER
Published: November 2003

We discuss the partners of the stress energy tensor and their structure in Logarithmic conformal field theories. In particular we draw attention to the fundamental differences between theories with zero and non-zero central charge. However they are both characterised by at least two independent parameters. We show how, by using a generalised Sugawara construction, one can calculate the logarithmic partner of T. We show that such a construction works in the c=-2 theory using the conformal dimension one primary currents which generate a logarithmic extension of the Kac-Moody algebra.

This is an expanded version of a talk presented by A. Nichols at the conference on Logarithmic Conformal Field Theory and its Applications in Tehran Iran, 2001.
PECULIARITIES OF ORDERING DUE TO DISORDER IN PLANAR ANTIFERROMAGNETIC DEGENERATE STRUCTURES
Authors: ROZENBAUM V. M.
Published: November 2003

A model is suggested which allows a description of low-temperature behavior for a 2D system of dipole moments on a square lattice with an arbitrary anisotropic long-range interaction giving rise to continuously degenerate antiferromagnetic ground states. It is shown that the breaking of the ground-state degeneracy and intersublattice ordering of dipole moments caused by thermodynamic fluctuations are responsible for long-range-order initiation in systems with anisotropic interaction and for short-range-order conservation in systems with isotropic short-range interaction.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A Nb/Zr INTERFACE STUDIED BY XPS
Authors: WONG K. C. , WONG P. C. , LI Y. S. , MITCHELL K. A. R.
Published: November 2003

A film of niobium (~ 15 Å thick) deposited under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions on polycrystalline zirconium was studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as it was taken through a series of sequential treatments. The Nb–Zr interface, associated with a Nb 3 d 5/2 peak at 203.4 eV, is indicated to passivate the underlying Zr to oxygen and hydrogen plasma treatments, which in the absence of Nb would yield substantial oxidation. On heating to 500°C, the pure metallic Nb 3 d 5/2 component at 202.2 eV appears, and this change is accompanied by removal of the passivation effect on the substrate.
BULK CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA OF CHEMISORBED HYDROGEN ON THE Si(111)-(7 × 7) SURFACE: A THEORETICAL STUDY
Authors: STAUFFER LOUISE , MINOT CHRISTIAN
Published: November 2003

From a recent theoretical study1 using crystalline extension of the Hückel method, the surface contributions to the main features P 1 and P 2 observed in photoemission experiments when atomic hydrogen is chemisorbed on the Si (111)-(7 × 7) reconstructed surface have been attributed to the saturation of the dangling bonds of the adatoms. This paper investigates the bulk contributions to those peaks. The contributions are derived from calculations on an eight-layer slab and on a real bulk. We conclude that states corresponding to σ bonding between successive silicon layers contribute to peak P 2.
VELOCITY FUNCTION MODELS OF STEP DYNAMICS: THEORY OF CURRENT-INDUCED STEP BUNCHING ON Si(111) SURFACES
Authors: LIU DA-JIANG , WEEKS JOHN D. , KANDEL DANIEL
Published: November 2003

We study two-dimensional models of step flow in which the local velocity of a step is expressed as a function of its neighboring terrace widths and the local curvature of the step. Repulsive step interactions modify the velocity functions at short distances and prevent step crossing. When the velocity of a step depends mainly on the width of the terrace behind, the resulting asymmetry in the velocity functions can make the uniform step train unstable towards step bunching. Typically, during growth or evaporation, the surface will develop characteristic patterns where slowly moving fairly straight bunches coexist with fast-moving, strongly bent single steps that cross from one bunch to another. The bunching and debunching processes happen simultaneously. These general features have been seen in recent experiments on the current-induced step bunching of Si (111) surfaces. The same qualitative behavior persists in a wide class of microscopic models that require a much more complicated description.
DIRECTIONAL AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY — PHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: MRÓZ S.
Published: November 2003

Experimental data about the dependence of the Auger signal from crystalline samples on the primary beam direction are presented and discussed. It is shown that, for Auger electrons and elastically and inelastically backscattered electrons, maxima of the signal in its dependence on the polar and azimuth angles of the primary beam (in polar and azimuth profiles, respectively) appear when the primary beam is parallel either to one of the close-packed rows of atoms or to one of the densely packed atomic planes in the sample. This indicates that the diffraction of the primary electron beam is responsible for the dependence mentioned above. Mechanisms proposed for simple explanation of this dependence (channeling and forward focusing of primary electrons) are presented and results of their application are discussed. It is shown that both those mechanisms play an important role in the creation of the Auger signal contrast. The possibilities and limitations of the application of polar and azimuth Auger emission profiles in the determination of the surface layer crystalline structure (directional Auger electron spectroscopy — DAES) are presented and discussed. It is shown that the thickness of the investigated surface layer can be decreased up to a few monolayers. Results obtained with DAES are similar to those provided by X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) and Auger electron diffraction (AED), but the DAES experimental equipment is simple and inexpensive and measurements are fast. Finally, experimental systems for DAES are described and examples of DAES applications are presented.
ROLE OF EMISSION CHARACTER IN AUGER ELECTRON DIFFRACTION
Authors: IDZERDA Y. U.
Published: November 2003

A review of the interpretation of the angle-dependent Auger intensity pattern by both Auger electron diffraction (AED), which is concerned with identifying the nearby atomic structure, and angle-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy (ARAES), which is concerned with identifying the character of the emitted electron source function, is presented. The importance of the emission character of the Auger electron (in terms of its angular momentum, l, and its magnetic quantum number, m) in understanding the generation of the AED and ARAES patterns is described. Understanding of how the various direct and secondary mechanisms for the Auger electron generation can affect the populations of these states can also be used to help identify the multiplet structure within the Auger lineshape as well as elucidate the core hole generation process.
Zero distribution of sequences of classical orthogonal polynomials
Authors: Simeonov Plamen
Published: November 2003

We obtain the zero distribution of sequences of classical
orthogonal polynomials associated with Jacobi, Laguerre, and
Hermite weights. We show that the limit measure is the extremal
measure associated with the corresponding weight.
On the existence of positive solutions for periodicparabolic sublinear problems
Authors: Godoy T. , Kaufmann U.
Published: November 2003

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of positive solutions for sublinear Dirichlet periodic parabolic problems Lu = g(x, t, u) in Ω × ℝ (where Ω ⊂ ℝN is a smooth bounded domain) for a wide class of Carathéodory functions
g : Ω × ℝ × [0, ∞) → ℝ satisfying some integrability and positivity conditions.
A role for p38 MAP kinase in platelet activation by von Willebrand Factor
Authors: Canobbio Ilaria , Reineri Stefania , Sinigaglia Fabiola , Balduini Cesare , Torti Mauro
Published: November 2003

Platelet activation induced by von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding to the membrane GPIb-IX-V receptor involves multiple signal transduction pathways. Among these, recruitment and activation of the FcγRIIA and stimulation of phospholipase A2 represent independent events equally essential to support a complete platelet response. Phospholipase A2 is activated by calcium and by phosphorylation through MAP kinases. In this work, we found that VWF stimulated the rapid and sustained phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase (p38MAPK). In vitro kinase assay revealed that VWF-stimulated phosphorylation of p38MAPK was associated with increased kinase activity. Binding of VWF to GPIb-IX-V, but not to integrin αIIbβ3, was required to support phosphorylation of p38MAPK. Neither the blockade of the membrane FcγRIIA by a specific monoclonal antibody or the prevention of thromboxane A2 synthesis by cyclooxygenase inhibitors affected VWF-induced p38MAPK activation. However, phosphorylation of p38MAPK was prevented by the tyrosine kinase Syk inhibitor piceatannol. Treatment of platelets with the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 totally prevented VWFstimulated platelet aggregation. Moreover, release of arachidonic acid induced by VWF was strongly impaired by inhibition of p38MAPK. We also found thatVWF induced phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2, and that this process was prevented by the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580.These results demonstrate that p38MAPK is a key element in the FcγRIIA-independent pathway for VWF-induced platelet activation, and is involved in the stimulation of phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid release.
Increased neutrophil mediator release in patients with pulmonary hypertension – suppression by inhaled iloprost
Authors: Hattar Katja , Gakisch Sybille , Grimminger Friedrich , Olschewski Horst , Seeger Werner , Tschuschner Annette , Schermuly Ralph , Weissmann Norbert , Hanze Jörg , Sibelius Ulf , Ghofrani Hossein , Rose Frank
Published: November 2003

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) have been implicated in various vascular inflammatory processes. We isolated PMN from venous blood samples of 10 patients with severe primary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PPH), 7 patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic thromboembolism (CTEPH), and 12 healthy controls. When stimulated with the calcium-ionophore A23187, platelet activating factor (PAF) or the microbial agent n-formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine (fMLP), significantly increased release of elastase and super-oxide anion was noted in both groups with pulmonary hyper-tension. Moreover, the neutrophils of CTEPH patients responded with an enhanced liberation of leukotriene (LT) B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE). Inhalation of aerosolized iloprost (5 µg) caused a rapid decline in pulmonary vascular resistance, in both PPH and CTEPH. This hemodynamic response was paralleled by a significant suppression of ionophore- and ligand-induced elastase and superoxide release, as well as LTB4 and 5-HETE formation. The neutrophil inhibitory effect of the inhalation maneuver was fully reproduced by in vitro incubation of neutrophils with 1-10 pg/ml iloprost for 2 hours. This is the first study to demonstrate that circulating neutrophils from patients with PPH and CTEPH possess an enhanced readiness to respond with inflammatory mediator generation to different stimulatory agents ex-vivo, and that PMN respiratory burst, elastase secretion and leukotriene generation are promptly reduced by an iloprost inhalation maneuver. Neutrophils might participate in the inflammatory processes in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Effects of the R216Q mutation of GATA-1 on erythropoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis
Authors: Pecci Alessandro , Loffredo Giuseppe , Izzo Paola , Noris Patrizia , Grosso Michela , Bergamaschi Gaetano , Rosti Vittorio , Magrini Umberto , Ceresa Iride , Conti Valeria , Poggi Vincenzo , Savoia Anna , Balduini Carlo
Published: November 2003

The transcription factor GATA-1, together with its cofactor FOG-1, regulates erythropoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. Mutations in the DNA or FOG-1 binding sites of its N-terminal zinc finger result in different illnesses. Alterations of the FOG-1 face are responsible for dyserythropoietic anemia with thrombocytopenia while R216Q, the only mutation identified in the DNA face, induces X-linked thrombocytopenia with thalassemia (XLTT). The former disorder has been studied in detail whereas little is known about the latter since only one family has been investigated. We studied a second family with an R216Q, showing that XLTT and dyserythropoietic anemia with thrombocytopenia, even if different clinical entities, are closely related disorders. In both cases, patients present mild dyserythropoiesis, red cell hemolysis, severely defective maturation of megakaryocytes, macrothrombocytopenia with α-granule deficiency, and abnormalities of the cytoplasmic membrane system. However, a thalassemia minor phenotype has only been described in patients with XLTT whereas severe anemia and thrombocytopenia with evident defects of platelet composition and function may be observed only in dyserythropoietic anemia with thrombocytopenia.
Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI): a novel predictor of angiographic coronary restenosis
Authors: Hegele Robert , Sparkes John , M.Teitel Jerome , Chisholm Robert , Lau Herbert , Segev Amit , Strauss Bradley
Published: November 2003

The fibrinolytic system is closely related to several processes that are involved in restenosis. We previously showed that low PAI-1 plasma levels predicted restenosis. Recently, a different fibrinolytic inhibitor, TAFI, has been described. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between pre-procedural plasma levels of TAFI and late angiographic restenosis and the interaction between TAFI and PAI-1. We prospectively studied 159 patients with stable angina who underwent successful elective angioplasty or stenting of de novo native coronary artery lesions. TAFI and PAI-1 antigen levels were measured in plasma samples drawn before the procedure. Follow-up coronary angiography was performed in 92% of patients. There was a significant correlation between pre-procedural TAFI levels and 6-month % diameter stenosis (DS) (r = 0.21; p = 0.013). The overall angiographic restenosis rate (DS>50%) was 31%. Pre-procedural TAFI levels were significantly higher in patients with restenosis (108 ± 33% versus 94±30%, p = 0.011). Restenosis rates for patients in the upper tertile of TAFI levels were 2-fold higher than for those in the lowest tertile (45% versus 22%; p = 0.016). A combination of high TAFI and low PAI-1 levels identified patients at the highest risk of restenosis (53%) compared to 14% in patients with low TAFI and high PAI-1 levels; p = 0.027. In conclusion, pre-procedural plasma TAFI antigen levels identify patients at increased risk for restenosis after PCI.
Potential interaction between acenocoumarol and diclofenac, naproxen and ibuprofen and role of CYP2C9 genotype
Authors: Plat Arian , van Dijk Alieke , Piersma-Wichers Margriet , de Vries-Bots Anne , Slomp Jennita , de Jong-van den Berg Lolkje , Brouwers Jacobus , van Dijk Karen
Published: November 2003

NSAIDs are reported to increase the risk of bleeding in coumarin users. The mechanism underlying this risk is inhibition of platelet aggregation, however a pharmacokinetic mechanism resulting in an increased International Normalised Ratio (INR) was proposed in some case reports in warfarin treated patients. In this retrospective cohort study the influence of diclofenac, naproxen and ibuprofen on the INR of outpatients stabilised on acenocoumarol therapy was investigated. We also determined the role of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) polymorphism on coumarin dosage and INR in NSAID users. The study was carried out at the Groningen Outpatient Thrombosis Service. A retrospective cohort study among patients who received both acenocoumarol and one of the NSAIDs under study was performed. Patients whose INR rose above the upper level of the therapeutic range (INR above 3.5 or 4.0) after an NSAID under study was added to the acenocoumarol therapy, were compared with patients who did not show such an elevation. A two-sample t-test (average acenocoumarol dosage, age), and chi-square tests (sex, therapeutic range, type of NSAID) were used to test for differences. Genotyping was carried out by analysing blood samples for the relevant CYP2C9 alleles. The study population consisted of 112 patients on stable acenocoumarol therapy, of which 52 (46%) showed an elevation of the INR above the desired therapeutic level (INR3.5 and 4.0 respectively) after the start of an NSAID under study. In 12 patients, the INR increased above 6. The INR of the other 60 patients (54%) remained constant after the start of one of the NSAIDs under study. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with increased INR and patients without increased INR with regard to age, sex, therapeutic range and average acenocoumarol dosage. Eighty patients, of whom 36 showed an increased INR as a result of a potential acenocoumarol-NSAID drug interaction, were included in the genotyping study. No association between CYP2C9 genotype and an increased INR as a result of the drug-drug interaction was found. In nearly half of a cohort of elderly patients, the INR increased beyond the therapeutic range (INR 3.5 or 4.0) as a result of a potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between acenocoumarol and diclofenac, naproxen and ibuprofen. The average increase in INR was between 1 and 4. Polymorphism of CYP2C9 does not seem to be a relevant risk factor for the NSAID-acenocoumarol interaction.
PlA polymorphism of the glycoprotein IIIa and efficacy of reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Gorchakova Olga , Koch Werner , Mehilli Julinda , von Beckerath Nicolas , Schwaiger Markus , Schömig Albert , Kastrati Adnan
Published: November 2003

The PlA polymorphism of the platelet glycoprotein IIIa gene is associated with altered platelet function and response to antiplatelet drugs. We sought to assess whether the PlA polymorphism influences myocardial salvage achieved by reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. We analyzed 292 patients enrolled in 2 randomized trials that compared stenting plus abciximab with thrombolysis (alteplase alone or alteplase plus abciximab) in acute myocardial infarction. Patients were genotyped for the PlA polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction with fluorogenic probes. Technetium-99m sestamibi was injected before and 1-2 weeks after reperfusion treatment. The scintigrams enabled the calculation of the initial perfusion defect, final infarct size, and the proportion of initial defect salvaged by reperfusion (salvage index). Clinical follow-up was done up to 18 months after primary treatment. The genotype distribution was as follows: PlA2/A2 in 3.4%, PlA1/A2 in 24.7% and PlA1/A1 in 71.9% of patients. There were no significant differences between PlA2 allele carriers and PlA1/A1 patients in salvage index (0.46±0.50 vs. 0.41±0.43, respectively, P=0.48), final infarct size (16.8±20.8% vs. 18.4±19.1% of left ventricle, respectively, P=0.46) as well as 18-month mortality (8.5% vs.7.1%, respectively, P=0.69). The lack of relationship between PlA2 allele and myocardial salvage was observed for both reperfusion strategies, stenting and thrombolysis. Thus, these findings show that the functional PlA polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein IIIa has no influence on the degree of myocardial salvage achieved by reperfusion therapies in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Critical residues for ligand binding in blade 2 of the propeller domain of the integrin αIIb subunit
Authors: Tamura Tatsushiro , Yamanouchi Jun , Fujita Shigeru , Hato Takaaki
Published: November 2003

Ligand binding to integrin αIIbβ3 is a key event of thrombus formation. The propeller domain of the αIIb subunit has been implicated in ligand binding. Recently, the ligand binding site of the αV propeller was determined by crystal structure analysis. However, the structural basis of ligand recognition by the αIIb propeller remains to be determined. In this study, we conducted site-directed mutagenesis of all residues located in the loops extending above blades 2 and 4 of the αIIb propeller, which are spatially close to, but distinct from, the loops that contain the binding site for an RGD ligand in the crystal structure of the αV propeller. Replacement by alanine of Q111, H112 or N114 in the loop within the blade 2 (the W2:2-3 loop in the propeller model) abolished binding of a ligand-mimetic antibody and fibrinogen to αIIbβ3 induced by different types of integrin activation including activation of αIIbβ3 by β3 cytoplasmic mutation. CHO cells stably expressing recombinant αIIbβ3 bearing Q111A, H112A or N114A mutation did not exhibit αIIbβ3mediated adhesion to fibrinogen. According to the crystal structure of αVβ3, the αV residue corresponding to αIIbN114 is exposed on the integrin surface and close to the RGD binding site. These results suggest that the Q111, H112 and N114 residues in the loop within blade 2 of the αIIb propeller are critical for ligand binding, possibly because of direct interaction with ligands or modulation of the RGD binding pocket.
Autologous platelets as a source of proteins for healing and tissue regeneration
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Andia Isabel , Ardanza Bruno , Nurden Paquita , Nurden Alan
Published: November 2003

Platelets are known for their role in haemostasis where they help prevent blood loss at sites of vascular injury. To do this, they adhere, aggregate and form a procoagulant surface leading to thrombin generation and fibrin formation. Platelets also release substances that promote tissue repair and influence the reactivity of vascular and other blood cells in angiogenesis and inflammation. They contain storage pools of growth factors including PDGF, TGF-β and VEGF as well as cytokines including proteins such as PF4 and CD40L. Chemokines and newly synthesised active metabolites are also released. The fact that platelets secrete growth factors and active metabolites means that their applied use can have a positive influence in clinical situations requiring rapid healing and tissue regeneration. Their administration in fibrin clot or fibrin glue provides an adhesive support that can confine secretion to a chosen site. Additionally, the presentation of growth factors attached to platelets and/or fibrin may result in enhanced activity over recombinant proteins. Dental implant surgery with guided bone regeneration is one situation where an autologous platelet-rich clot clearly accelerates ossification after tooth extraction and/or around titanium implants. The end result is both marked reductions in the time required for implant stabilisation and an improved success rate. Orthopaedic surgery, muscle and/or tendon repair, reversal of skin ulcers, hole repair in eye surgery and cosmetic surgery are other situations where autologous platelets accelerate healing. Our aim is to review these advances and discuss the ways in which platelets may provide such unexpected beneficial therapeutic effects.
Turbulent axially directed flow of plasma containing rt-PA promotes thrombolysis of non-occlusive whole blood clots in vitro
Authors: Tratar Gregor , Štrukelj Mitja , Mikac Urša , Serša Igor , Blinc Aleš
Published: November 2003

The rate of thrombolysis markedly decreases after a thrombosed vessel is partly recanalized and the remaining clot poses serious risk for rethrombosis. We studied in vitro how thrombolysis depends on penetration of plasma containing thrombolytic agents – 0.2 μg/ml rt-PA or 250 IU/ml streptokinase (SK) nd the magnetic resonance contrast agent Gd-DTPA (at 1 mmol/l) into non-occlusive clots under conditions of fast (turbulent) or slow (laminar) axially directed flow. Cylindrical non-retracted (fresh) or retracted (aged) whole blood clots were pierced lengthways and connected to a perfusion system. Dynamical spin-echo MRI was used for measuring the penetration of labeled plasma into clots and for assessing the remaining clot size. In both types of clots fast flow enhanced the penetration of Gd-DTPA-labeled plasma into clots in comparison to slow flow. In non-retracted clots, lysis with rt-PA and to a lesser extent also lysis with SK followed the path of plasma penetration into clots. After 40 minutes of fast axially directed flow rt-PA resulted in almost complete lysis and SK left only about a third of the clot undissolved, whereas with slow flow lysis was much slower (undissolved clot: 86 ± 5 % with rt-PA and 95 ± 1 % with SK). In retracted clots, substantial lysis was possible only with rt-PA and rapid flow (53 ± 28% of the clot undissolved after 60 min), whereas the use of SK or slow flow precluded meaningful lysis. We conclude that rapid (turbulent) axially directed flow of plasma along non-occlusive blood clots causes forceful exchange of serum inside the clot with outer plasma which enhances both fibrin-specific and non-fibrin-specific lysis of fresh clots. Dissolution of non-occlusive retracted (aged) clots occurs only under fibrin-specific conditions combined with adequate transport of rt-PA into clots.
DELIVERANCE OR DESTRUCTION? ISAIAH X 33-34 IN THE FINAL FORM OF ISAIAH X-XI
Authors:   Wong
Published: November 2003

Most scholars interpret Isa. x 33-34 as announcing the intervention of Yhwh in destroying Assyria and thus bringing deliverance to Jerusalem. A minority support the opposite view that the verses originally spoke of Jerusalem's destruction rather than deliverance. But even amongst this latter group of scholars, most go on to assume that the final redactor reinterpreted Isa. x 33-34 as an announcement of Assyria's destruction at the hand of Yhwh. This article provides a brief summary of the arguments raised by scholars, and suggests that, even in the present redactional position of these verses, it is Jerusalem's destruction rather than her deliverance that is described.
Ornatus: An Application of Rhetoric to the Synoptic Problem
Authors: Damm Alex
Published: November 2003

In this essay I shall consider ancient rhetoric as a means to suggest synoptic relationships. Focusing on the stylistic virtue of ornatus ("adornment"), I shall examine three triple tradition sentences in which the gospel of Mark employs a word used nowhere by the gospels of Luke or Matthew. Focusing on the relationship between Mark and the other gospels, I shall ask whether it is more likely that Mark adds the word to Matthew and/or Luke on the Two-Gospel Hypothesis, or whether Matthew and/or Luke delete it from Mark on the Two-Document Hypothesis. My study leads me to two conclusions. On grounds of ornatus, editing on either source hypothesis is plausible. But such editing on the Two-Document Hypothesis is more plausible, since Mark's addition of each word would entail the unlikely discovery of near-perfect or coincidentally co-ordinated literary patterns in Matthew and/or Luke.
Academic Dependency and the Global Division of Labour in the Social Sciences
Authors: Alatas Syed Farid
Published: November 2003

This article attempts a political economy of the social sciences in order to assess the state of the social sciences at the global level. The focus is on the relations between the social sciences in the First and Third Worlds. The political economy approach that is utilized for this purpose is academic dependency theory. The condition of academic dependency is related to the global division of labour in the social sciences, which, I argue, plays a significant role in maintaining the structures of academic dependency.
The Hegemony of the English Language in the Academy: The Damaging Impact of the Sociocultural and Linguistic Barriers on the Development of Feminist Sociological Knowledge, Theories and Strategies
Authors: Descarries Francine
Published: November 2003

As a francophone sociologist and activist feminist living in a bilingual country, the author addresses in this article questions that arise from her analysis of the current feminist debates and practices in the academy. More specifically, the article deals with the issue of the hegemony of English-speaking scholarship on the definition of feminist sociological knowledge and feminism itself as well as the danger of dilution, homogenization and theoretical and strategic misrepresentation and silencing that is likely to occur when one cultural and linguistic voice is given as dominant, and all other voices end up being identified, if they are indeed identified or recognized, as ‘others’.
Psychological Colonization: The Eurocentrism of Sociology vis-à-vis Race
Authors: Hall Ronald E. , Livingston Jonathan
Published: November 2003

Eurocentrism is a colonial influence that has impacted the thinking of scholars worldwide through the manufacture of ‘knowledge’. By virtue of this colonial influence race corresponds to psychological colonization. This applies to Eurocentrism among Filipinos, the main example explored in this article. Rethinking the significance of race is the beginning of an effort to rescue ‘knowledge’ by validating challenges to the significance of racial constructs. In order to enhance ‘knowledge’ and reduce the threats of ignorance, scholars and other concerned citizens must concede the ecological fact that all groups have cultural strengths that should be reinforced. Enabled by the study of culture, scholars will contribute to an effort to purge colonial influence from the western intellectual ethos.
The Challenge of Doing Sociology in a Global World: The Case of Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Thorns David C.
Published: November 2003

The article explores the challenges of globalization processes for the development of national sociologies and shows that a view from the ‘edge’ can aid our understanding of these global shifts and their articulation with local structures and practices of ‘doing sociology’. The article identifies the close link between government and the development of sociology within Aotearoa/New Zealand as government has been the chief source of funds for both research and tertiary education. Extensive reforms through the 1980s and 1990s to research funding and tertiary education are examined and shown to have created a more competitive model and increasingly given priority to creating ‘knowledge’ for commercial and end-user development. For sociology, end-users have been largely government, so the reworking here has been principally about the renewed emphasis upon the evidencebased research and policy agenda. Such an agenda has largely focused on sociology, along with other social sciences, as suppliers of technical competencies and thus led to increased emphasis on multidisciplinarity. The consequences for the shape of sociology are traced and the tensions and dilemmas facing the future of its national sociology are outlined.
Equality at Last? Homosexuality, Heterosexuality and the Age of Consent in the United Kingdom
Authors: Waites Matthew
Published: November 2003

The so-called ‘gay age of consent’ was the most high-profile issue in UK lesbian, gay and bisexual politics during the 1990s. Campaigning for an equal age of consent provoked a series of extended public and parliamentary debates, concluding with the passage of the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act (2000).This article analyses these debates to reveal emerging social relationships between heterosexuality and homosexuality. It is argued that age of consent debates witnessed the ascendance of a new ‘hegemony’ supporting ‘equality at 16’, constituted through the interweaving of knowledge-claims generated within the mainstream epistemologies of biomedicine, law, criminology and child welfare.The analysis integrates critical sociological perspectives on these various forms of knowledge, with reference to epistemological transformations occurring in late modernity. Particular attention focuses on claims concerning the age at which the fixity of sexual identities is established. It is argued that the debate’s structure enabled ‘equality at 16’ to be endorsed alongside the persistent operation of rationales of containment in the political mainstream, and hence that legal equality does not imply recognition of the equal value of homosexuality and heterosexuality. The implications are examined for ongoing struggles over sex offences, Section 28, and the social status of same-sex sexualities.
Sleepers Wake! the Gendered Nature of Sleep Disruption among Mid-life Women
Authors: Hislop Jenny , Arber Sara
Published: November 2003

This article provides a window onto the gendered nature of our lives through the study of sleep. Drawing on empirical data from focus groups and audio sleep diaries, the article explores sleep from the perspective of mid-life women. It shows that sleep is a socially patterned phenomenon which reflects the gendered nature of women’s multiple roles and responsibilities. For many women in mid-life, the reality of sleep is one of disruption, with the bedroom becoming an ‘invisible workplace’ in which women’s sleep needs are compromised by the unpaid physical and emotional labour necessary for the well-being and maintenance of their family.The article suggests that the sleep context may represent a further arena in which gender inequalities are manifest, both in relation to the patterns of women’s sleep and in women’s responses to sleep disruption.
Classand Gender-based Working Time? Time Poverty and the Division of Domestic Labour
Authors: Warren Tracey
Published: November 2003

The article advocates an explicitly class as well as gender-based approach to the study of couples’ working time. It is concerned with connecting two major research themes; variation in time poverty and the organization of the domestic division of labour. The article draws links between these two research themes by means of a review of debates in key studies and an analysis of dual-earner couples from different classes in the British Household Panel Survey. It concludes that it is necessary to incorporate a class-based analysis to reveal how the different dimensions of time poverty intermesh and play out on the daily lives of families, and the resulting ways in which families’ caring and paid working lives are managed on a day-to-day basis.
Radically Reconstituting the Subject: Social Theory and Human Nature
Authors: O’Donnell Mike H.
Published: November 2003

This article analyses some assumptions about human nature and subject agency apparent in two approaches to social theory: liberalism, particularly Giddens, and structuralism/poststructuralism, particularly Foucault. Feminist and Critical Theory are also drawn on. Disagreements between these approaches in relation to subject agency and structural influence are noted but an attempt is made to find complementary and common ground and to that extent to reconcile them. In so far as an integrated theoretical approach is achievable from the work of Foucault and Giddens, it is suggested that the term radical liberal best describes it. Nevertheless, this term sits more comfortably with Giddens than Foucault. I seek critical leverage on both thinkers by adopting an explicitly Freudian view of human capacities and a politically egalitarian perspective.
Historical Data for Health Inequalities Research: a Research Note
Authors: Mallinson Sara , Popay Jennie , Elliott Eva , Bennett Sharon , Bostock Lisa , Gatrell Anthony , Thomas Carol , Williams Gareth
Published: November 2003

In 1999–2000, a pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using local historical archives and oral histories to map historical factors that may be important in understanding contemporary variations in health. Focusing on housing clearances in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, the pilot study drew on a wide range of materials (documentary and oral) to explore how changes to local housing impacted upon the local social and psychological landscape. This research note considers methodological issues relevant to the use of documentary and oral history resources and illustrates the value of the historical resources we identified. We suggest that, on the basis of this pilot research, future explorations of the link between places and inequalities in health should incorporate an historical analysis.
Ambiguity in Child Language: The Problem of Interobserver Reliability in Ambiguous Observation Data
Authors: Van Geert Paul , Van Dijk Marijn
Published: November 2003

In language acquisition, inter-transcriber agreement over linguistic categories assigned to recorded utterances is conceived as a measure of observer reliability. We argue that disagreement is not merely a reflection of observer errors or noisy data, but can be a reflection of the genuine ambiguity of early speech. Disagreement arises from the fact that the child is still building linguistic categories, and therefore, from the fact that the language is truly ambiguous. This ambiguity can be quantified by applying concepts from fuzzy logic, which we demonstrate in a case study. After presenting an index of agreement and a Monte-Carlo procedure for calculating the probability of chance agreement, we introduce an index of ambiguity, based on the fuzzy logic notion of degreeof-membership.
Production of Infinitival Object Complements in the Conversational Speech of 5-Year-Old Children with Language-Impairment
Authors: Eisenberg Sarita
Published: November 2003

The infinitive productions of eight 5-year-old children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) were compared with the infinitive productions of 25 3to 5-year-old children with normally-developing language (NL). The mean number of infinitives was the same for the SLI group as for the NL group. However, individual children with SLI produced no or few infinitives or showed limited productivity for this sentence form with different main verbs. It was not possible to conclude that infinitives are problematic for all children with SLI, as has been reported for verb inflections. Rather, difficulty with this sentence form seems to be an individual difference among children with SLI.
Contextual Variability in Interactions Between Mothers and 2-year-olds
Authors: Tulviste Tiia
Published: November 2003

This study compares the interactions of Estonian mothers and their 2-year-old children across three interaction contexts. At meals, mothers and children were the least talkative, and mothers used the least conversation-eliciting utterances. During bookreading and puzzle-solving situations, mothers were significantly more concerned with eliciting talk from children and directing their attention. A comparison of the current data with data collected in 1992 (Tulviste & Raudsepp 1997) demonstrated that the pattern of Estonian mothers’ speech had not changed at meals, whereas maternal speech during puzzle solving was not as highly directive as it was in 1992. The results may reflect the considerable economic and societal changes that have taken place in Estonia during the last decade.
Indefinite Articles and Definite Forms in Swedish Children with Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Hansson Kristina , Nettelbladt Ulrika , Leonard Laurence B.
Published: November 2003

In many languages, children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) show frequent omission of articles. Most articles in these languages are weak monosyllables. In Swedish, indefinite articles are prosodically comparable to articles in other languages, but definiteness is usually expressed through a suffix. We examined the use of articles in Swedish-speaking children with SLI in spontaneous data and a probe task. Children with SLI produced definite suffixes as accurately as control children. Indefinite articles were more problematic. In constructions in which an article must be supplied, the children with SLI omitted articles more frequently than the controls. We conclude that prosody contributes to the difficulty with articles. However, several details in the data indicated the added influence of lexical and/or grammatical factors.
Reflections of Pre-Service Psychologists on the Role of the School Psychologist
Authors: Poulou Maria
Published: November 2003

This study examines prospective psychologists’ personal theories on the role of the school psychologist. Fifty psychology students described, with the use of metaphors, their perceptions, expectations and feelings about the role of the school psychologist. It was found that the majority of students attribute the role of leader to the school psychologist in relation to school personnel. As far as expectations of this role are concerned, both school psychologists and school community members emphasize prevention, the treatment of children’s problems and the facilitation of teachers’ tasks. The conditions under which the role of the school psychologist is exercised change continuously, giving rise to a variety of feelings and concerns in students. This study contributes to the clarification and expansion of the school psychologists’ professional identity. It also provides information and data to both psychologists and teacher educators towards the construction of training programmes, and enhances the co-operation between these two groups of practitioners in their common area of practice, the school.
A Qualitative Investigation of Bullying
Authors: Gamliel Tiram , Hoover John H. , Daughtry Donald W. , Imbra Christine M.
Published: November 2003

Quantitative analyses of survey or observational data underlie much of the current knowledge about bullying. Rarely have investigators qualitatively tapped the complex and sophisticated knowledge base of children. The present investigation was conducted in order to plumb the working knowledge of intermediate and middle school students about potential strategies for alleviating bullying. Fifth, sixth and seventh-graders (three males and three females) discussed the prevalence of bullying in their school, methods for dealing with bullying employed in the past and future coping strategies. Two of three female interviewees but none of the males reported experiencing bullying at the time of the interviews. While respondents struggled to articulate strategies for coping with bullying, most participants clearly expressed their desire to rationally work through problems with aggressors. When asked to rank order suggested strategies, participants selected violent or aggressive retaliation as the least effective and least desirable coping strategy. Additional themes emerging from the data include gender based experiential and interpretive differences, including the tendency for males to classify most potential conflicts as harmless horseplay. Interviewees portrayed chronic victims as passive and ineffectual when it came to dealing with aggression.
School Psychology Research and Scholarship
Authors: Strein William , Cramer Katurah , Lawser Matthew
Published: November 2003

This study addresses twin questions regarding research in school psychology: ‘What kinds of research are being done?’ and ‘What kinds are most needed?’. To address the first question, we coded all of the articles published from 1994–1998 in the main USA school psychology journals and in School Psychology International into one of 18 categories of research topics. Assessment-related topics and research on clinical/personality issues dominated the USA literature, while clinical/personality and professional issues were the most common types of research reported in SPI. To address the second question, we surveyed 98 randomly-selected USA school-based practitioners and 44 leading journal article authors regarding their perceptions of needed research in school psychology. Authors and practitioners were in close agreement as to priorities for future research, emphasizing the need for research in the areas of prevention and therapeutic interventions, among other topic areas. Priorities were very similar to those identified in a similar survey over 15 years ago (Strein, 1987). By contrast, journal contents have not changed much in 20 years and continue to be discordant with the priorities articulated by both the authors and practitioners.
Education in Statistics and Research Design in School Psychology
Authors: Little Steven G. , Akin-Little Angeleque , Lee Howard B.
Published: November 2003

Training issues have long been debated within school psychology in the US with the doctorate being considered more of a research degree and the Masters/Specialist degree thought of as the level required for entry into practice. Therefore, this study examined statistics and research design requirements at various levels of school psychology education in the United States. A survey was sent to 181 programs, with 108 being returned, a return rate of 60 percent. Results indicated more required courses in statistics and research design at the doctoral level. When specific competencies were examined, eight of 17 statistics competencies and no research design competencies were reported as being more important for doctoral students. In addition, an attempt was made to compare the results of this survey with degree requirements of programs in school/educational psychology in other English speaking countries via a web-based search. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of statistics and research design competency at all levels of the profession.
A Cross-Cultural Validation of the SequentialSimultaneous Theory of Intelligence in Children
Authors: Moon Soo-Back , Mclean James E. , Kaufman Alan S.
Published: November 2003

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children–Korean (K-ABC-K) was developed to assess the intelligence and achievement of preschool and school-aged Korean children. This study examined the validity of the Sequential Processing, Simultaneous Processing and Achievement scales of the K-ABC-K using the technique of principal factor analysis. The K-ABC-K is not just a simple translation, but an adaptation of the K-ABC for Korean children. The subjects of the study included 2,400 children from The K-ABC-K standardization sample, ranging in age from 2.5 to 12.5 years. Factor analysis of the ten Mental Processing and six Achievement subtests yielded three factors for ages 4 and above. As was true for the American K-ABC, only two factors emerged for ages 2.5 and 3. In general, the factor analyses provided strong support for the construct validity of the K-ABC-K and supported common underlying mental constructs for Korean and American children.