bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fezolinetant impact on health‐related quality of life for vasomotor symptoms due to the menopause: Pooled data from SKYLIGHT 1 and SKYLIGHT 2 randomised controlled trials
Authors: Cano Antonio , Nappi Rossella E. , Santoro Nanette , Stute Petra , Blogg Martin , English Marci L. , Morga Antonia , Scrine Ludmila , Siddiqui Emad , Ottery Faith D.
Published: February 2024

Objective

To assess the effect of fezolinetant treatment on health‐related quality of life using pooled data from SKYLIGHT 1 and 2 studies.

Design

Prespecified pooled analysis.

Setting

USA, Canada, Europe; 2019–2021.

Population

1022 women aged ≥40 to ≤65 years with moderate‐to‐severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS; minimum average seven hot flushes/day), seeking treatment for VMS.

Methods

Women were randomised to 12‐week double‐blind treatment with once‐daily placebo or fezolinetant 30 or 45 mg. Completers entered a 40‐week, active extension (those receiving fezolinetant continued that dose; those receiving placebo re‐randomised to fezolinetant received 30 or 45 mg).

Main outcome measures

Mean changes from baseline to weeks 4 and 12 on Menopause‐Specific Quality of Life (MENQoL) total and domain scores, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire specific to VMS (WPAI‐VMS) domain scores, Patient Global Impression of Change in VMS (PGI‐C VMS); percentages achieving PGI‐C VMS of ‘much better’ (PGI‐C VMS responders). Mean reduction was estimated using mixed model repeated measures analysis of covariance.

Results

Fezolinetant 45 mg mean reduction over placebo in MENQoL total score was −0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.75 to −0.39) at week 4 and −0.47 (95% CI −0.66 to −0.28) at week 12. Reductions were similar for 30 mg. MENQoL domain scores were also reduced and WPAI‐VMS scores improved. Twice as many women receiving fezolinetant reported VMS were ‘much better’ than placebo based on PGI‐C VMS assessment.

Conclusions

Fezolinetant treatment was associated with improvement in overall QoL, measured by MENQoL, and work productivity, measured by WPAI‐VMS. A high proportion receiving fezolinetant felt VMS were ‘much better’ based on PGI‐C VMS responder analysis.
Diagnostic criteria for unexplained infertility: A timely international consensus is crucial
Authors: El‐Toukhy Tarek
Published: February 2024

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Raperport et al, pp. 880‐897 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17697.
High‐throughput molecular gut content analysis of aphids identifies plants relevant for potato virus Y epidemiology
Authors: Pitt William Jacob , Cooper William Rodney , Pouchnik Derek , Headrick Heather , Nachappa Punya
Published: February 2024

Aphids are phloem‐feeding insects that reduce crop productivity due to feeding and transmission of plant viruses. When aphids disperse across the landscape to colonize new host plants, they will often probe on a wide variety of nonhost plants before settling on a host suitable for feeding and reproduction. There is limited understanding of the diversity of plants that aphids probe on within a landscape, and characterizing this diversity can help us better understand host use patterns of aphids. Here, we used gut content analysis (GCA) to identify plant genera that were probed by aphid vectors of potato virus Y (PVY). Aphids were trapped weekly near potato fields during the growing seasons of 2020 and 2021 in San Luis Valley in Colorado. High‐throughput sequencing of plant barcoding genes, trnF and ITS2, from 200 individual alate (i.e., winged) aphids representing nine vector species of PVY was performed using the PacBio sequencing platform, and sequences were identified to genus using NCBI BLASTn. We found that 34.7% of aphids probed upon presumed PVY host plants and that two of the most frequently detected plant genera, Solanum and Brassica, represent important crops and weeds within the study region. We found that 75% of aphids frequently probed upon PVY nonhosts including many species that are outside of their reported host ranges. Additionally, 19% of aphids probed upon more than one plant species. This study provides the first evidence from high‐throughput molecular GCA of aphids and reveals host use patterns that are relevant for PVY epidemiology.
Farmers' Perceptions of Obstacles to Business Development
Authors: Yanore Lotte , Sok Jaap , Lansink Alfons Oude
Published: February 2024

This article examines perceived obstacles to business development of Dutch dairy farmers and compares them to Dutch broiler farmers and Swedish farmers. Understanding farmers' perceived obstacles is crucial for developing effective policies to support sustainable and resilient farms. Data were collected using a survey and analysed using factor and regression analysis. The study finds that rules and regulations are the most significant obstacle for all three groups of farmers. Dutch dairy farmers also face challenges related to land availability, permits and leasing, while Dutch broiler farmers have concerns mostly about foreign competition. Financial obstacles are significant but considered less important than regulatory and land‐related challenges. Farm characteristics, such as intensity of operation, off‐farm income, location, succession status and farmer's patience were statistically related to the perceived obstacles of Dutch dairy farmers. The associations found suggest that dairy farmers operating their businesses more intensively face more financial, social capital and land availability obstacles. It was also found that younger farmers or farmers with successors score higher on perceived obstacles concerning policy and land availability. Recommendations include improving information provision, simplifying regulations, and engaging stakeholders to reduce policy obstacles. Also, policies should consider farmers' unique needs and should be implemented in a decentralised way.
Rheological properties and microstructure of wheat flour dough systems with enzyme‐hydrolyzed mashed potatoes
Authors: Chen Guoxing , Zhao Ruixuan , Zhang Yixuan , Liu Qiannan , Guo Zhiqian , Zhang Guohui , Wu Tao , Liu Wei , Hu Honghai
Published: February 2024

The interest in incorporating potatoes into wheat dough is increasing. However, potatoes exhibit significant viscosity during thermal processing, affecting product processing and quality. This study aims to find an effective method to reduce the viscosity of mashed potatoes. We aimed to compare the effects of different enzymes (α‐amylase, β‐amylase, and flavourzyme) and concentrations (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1%) on the micromorphology and rheological properties of mashed potatoes and potato–wheat dough. The impact of flavourzyme was the most significant (p<0.05). When enzyme concentration increased, viscosity decreased, and the degree of structural damage, indicated by increased porosity. Notably, the addition of flavourzyme can increase the content of sweet and umami free amino acids, improving the flavor of mashed potatoes. The scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy images of potato–wheat dough revealed that enzyme‐hydrolyzed mashed potatoes had improved homogeneity, reestablished the dough continuity, and strengthened the three‐dimensional structure comprising proteins and starch. Notably, flavourzyme demonstrated the most significant effect on enhancing the protein–starch network structure. This was attributed to the exposure of functional groups resulting from protein hydrolysis, facilitating interaction with starch molecules. Our findings indicate that the addition of 0.1% flavourzyme (500 LAPU/g, pH 5.5, 55 ± 2°C, 30 min treated) was the most effective in reducing viscosity and reconstructing the gluten network. Enzymatic hydrolysis plays a vital role in the production of high‐quality potato products, with particular importance in the baking industry, where flavourzyme exhibits significant potential.

Practical Application

Enzymatic hydrolysis plays a vital role in the production of high‐quality potato products, with particular importance in the baking industry, where flavourzyme exhibits significant potential.
Comparison of different drying methods for bergamot peel: Chemical and physicochemical properties
Authors: Demircan Bahar , Velioglu Yakup Sedat , Giuffrè Angelo Maria
Published: February 2024

This study examines the effectiveness of seven drying methods applied to bergamot peels, encompassing hot air, microwave, infrared‐assisted microwave, freeze, infrared, sun, and oven drying. All samples exhibited moisture content and water activity levels within the acceptable range for dry foods. All methods effectively transformed the peels into powdered form, yielding comparable results. Each method offers distinct advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method should be based on the desired properties of the final product. The highest ascorbic acid content was found in freeze‐dried and hot air‐dried samples (>400 mg/100 g), whereas sun‐dried samples had the lowest (89.58 mg/100 g). Infrared‐dried samples exhibited the highest levels of total phenolics and flavonoids (193.40 and 530.14 mg/100 g, respectively), attributed to reactions induced by elevated temperatures. The total carotenoids were higher in freeze‐dried samples (54.12 mg/100 g) compared to other drying methods (<27 mg/100 g). Microwave‐dried samples had the highest 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural content (73.06 mg/100 g), and freeze‐dried samples had the highest naringin content (1568.70 mg/100 g). Although infrared drying had good particle density, porosity, and fluidity, freeze‐drying was the most effective, retaining the highest levels of bioactive compounds. Among the methods studied, freeze‐drying is recommended due to its superior ability to preserve bioactive compounds. Infrared and infrared‐assisted drying methods were suitable for recovering phenolics from bergamot waste, offering lower energy consumption and practical preservation of physicochemical properties. This study emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate drying method to ensure high‐quality dried food and producing value‐added products from bergamot waste, contributing to sustainable agriculture and waste reduction.

Practical Application

This study demonstrates that infrared and freeze‐drying are the most effective methods for producing high‐quality bergamot peel samples with enhanced antioxidant properties. These findings hold promising implications for the food industry, offering a viable approach to preserve bergamot peels and their valuable attributes.
Mathematical modeling of thin‐layer drying kinetics and moisture diffusivity study of apple slices using infrared conveyor‐belt dryer
Authors: El‐Mesery Hany S. , Ashiagbor Kwami , Hu Zicheng , Rostom Merit
Published: February 2024

The drying features of apples at different infrared drying settings were investigated. The drying time, moisture‐effective diffusion, and activation energy of infrared dried apples were measured experimentally and statistically as a function of slice thicknesses, radiation intensity, and air velocity. The infrared intensity of 0.225, 0.130, and 0.341 W/cm2, slice thicknesses of 6, 4, and 2 mm, and airflow of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m/s were used to dry apple slices. The data shows that the drying time reduced as IR increased, but airflow and slice thickness increased. Eight statistical factors were used to compare 11 alternative mathematical drying models. The experimentally acquired drying curves were matched to the thin‐layer drying equations. According to the calculations, the Midilli et al. equation had the greatest (efficiency and R2) and lowest (χ2, sum of squared errors, standard error of estimate, standard error, standard deviation of difference) values. As a result, this equation is the best for modeling the drying curves of apple slices across all drying circumstances. The optimum moisture diffusivity value varied from 2.59 to 9.07 × 10−10 m2/s. The mean activation energy was determined to be 19.02–29.83 kJ/mol under various experimental conditions.
FHL2 promotes the aggressiveness of lung adenocarcinoma by inhibiting autophagy via activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Shuaishuai , Liu Baomo , Su Yan , Wang Nian , Dong Peixin , Xu Xiongye , Huang Lixia , Li Shaoli , Gu Jincui , Qiu Yanli , Deng Jiating , Lin Ziying , Zhou Yanbin
Published: February 2024

Background

Increasing evidence indicates that four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) plays a crucial role in the progression of various cancers. However, the biological functions and molecular mechanism of FHL2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear.

Methods

We evaluated the prognostic value of FHL2 in LUAD using public datasets and further confirmed its prognostic value with our clinical data. The biological functions of FHL2 in LUAD were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Pathway analysis and rescue experiments were subsequently performed to explore the molecular mechanism by which FHL2 promoted the progression of LUAD.

Results

FHL2 was upregulated in LUAD tissues compared to adjacent normal lung tissues, and FHL2 overexpression was correlated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with LUAD. FHL2 knockdown significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of LUAD cells, while FHL2 overexpression had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, FHL2 upregulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and subsequently inhibited autophagy in LUAD cells. The effects FHL2 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of LUAD cells are dependent on the inhibition of autophagy, as of induction autophagy attenuated the aggressive phenotype induced by FHL2 overexpression.

Conclusions

FHL2 promotes the progression of LUAD by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and subsequently inhibiting autophagy, which can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
Global burden of esophageal cancer attributable to high BMI in 204 countries and territories: 1990–2019
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Zhang Xingxing , Zhai Jianxue , Fan Jiayang , Cai Yikuan , Ye Tianlan , Wang Zhizhi , Cai Kaican
Published: February 2024

Background

Esophageal cancer (EC), a common and fatal disease, includes two histological subtypes; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (ECA). To aid policymakers in the allocation of resources for the prevention and treatment of EC, updated data on EC deaths and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high body mass index (BMI) are necessary. The objective of this study was to identify trends in EC associated with high BMI between 1990 and 2019 using 2019 Global Burden of Disease data.

Methods

In this observational population‐based study, epidemiological data on the association between high BMI and EC were obtained from GBD 2019. The age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMRs) and disability‐adjusted life year rate (ASDRs) attributable to high BMI‐related EC were stratified by year, age, country, and sociodemographic index (SDI). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to evaluate the temporal trends of the ASMRs and ASDRs between 1990 and 2019.

Results

In 2019, the proportion of EC deaths and DALYs attributed to high BMI was 18.1% and 18.9%, respectively, resulting in 89 904 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27 879–171 255) deaths and 2 202 314 (95% CI: 681 901–4 173 080) DALYs. High BMI‐related deaths and DALYs showed a strong upward trend, increasing by more than two‐fold since 1990. East Asia and Western Europe showed the highest risk of EC mortality and DALYs attributable to high BMI; China and the USA bear the greatest burden. The ASMR and ASDR increased in five SDI regions.

Conclusions

The incidence of EC is increasing, particularly in developing nations, which may be attributed to the prevalence of high BMI. To mitigate the impact of high BMI on the incidence of EC, it is important to increase awareness of its deleterious effects, which may alleviate the burden of this disease.
Single‐cell sequencing reveals the immune landscape of breast cancer patients with brain metastasis
Authors: Zhou Huaping , He Xiang , Huang Jia , Zhong Yumin , Zhang Leyao , Ao Xiang , Zhao Hailin , Hu Su , Li Hongsheng , Huang Jianqing , Huang Hongxin , Liang Hongling
Published: February 2024

Background

Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate of cancer worldwide, and brain metastases (BrM) are among the most malignant cases. While some patients have benefited from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the complex anatomical structure of the brain and the heterogeneity of metastatic tumors have made it difficult to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) of metastatic tumors.

Methods

To address this, we used single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to analyze immune cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of BrM patients with breast cancer, thereby providing a comprehensive view of the immune microenvironment landscape of BrM.

Results

Based on canonical marker genes, we identified nine cell types, and further identified their subtypes through differential expression gene (DEG) analysis. We compared the changes in cells and functions in the immune microenvironment of patients with different prognoses. Our analysis revealed a series of genes that promote tumor immune function (CCR5, LYZ, IGKC, MS4A1, etc.) and inhibit tumor immune function (SCGB2A2, CD24, etc.).

Conclusions

The scRNA‐seq in CSF provides a noninvasive method to describe the TME of breast cancer patients and guide immunotherapy.
Higher risk of cerebral palsy, seizures/epilepsy, visual‐ and hearing impairments, cancer, injury and child abuse in children with congenital anomalies: Data from the EUROlinkCAT study
Authors: Urhoj Stine Kjaer , Morris Joan , Loane Maria , Ballardini Elisa , Barrachina‐Bonet Laia , Cavero‐Carbonell Clara , Coi Alessio , Gissler Mika , Given Joanne , Heino Anna , Jordan Sue , Neville Amanda , Santoro Michele , Tan Joachim , Tucker David , Wellesley Diana , Garne Ester , Damkjaer Mads
Published: February 2024

Aim

The aim is to examine the risk of cerebral palsy, seizures/epilepsy, visual‐ and hearing impairments, cancer, injury/poisoning and child abuse in children with and without a congenital anomaly up to age 5 and 10 years.

Methods

This is a population‐based data linkage cohort study linking information from the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies network (EUROCAT) and birth registries to hospital discharge databases. We included 91 504 live born children with major congenital anomalies born from 1995 to 2014 from nine EUROCAT registries in five countries and 1 960 727 live born children without congenital anomalies (reference children). Prevalence and relative risk (RR) were estimated for each of the co‐morbidities using Kaplan–Meier survival estimates.

Results

Children with congenital anomalies had higher risks of the co‐morbidities than reference children. The prevalences in the reference children were generally very low. The RR was 13.8 (95% CI 12.5–15.1) for cerebral palsy, 2.5 (95% CI 2.4–2.6) for seizures/epilepsy, 40.8 (95% CI 33.2–50.2) for visual impairments, 10.0 (95% CI 9.2–10.9) for hearing loss, 3.6 (95% CI 3.2–4.2) for cancer, 1.5 (95% CI 1.4–1.5) for injuries/poisoning and 2.4 (95% CI 1.7–3.4) for child abuse.

Conclusion

Children with congenital anomalies were more likely to be diagnosed with the specified co‐morbidities compared to reference children.
Maternal weight, smoking, and diabetes provided early predictors of longitudinal body mass index growth patterns in childhood
Authors: Ylöstalo Tiina , Saha Marja‐Terttu , Nummi Tapio , Harjunmaa Ulla , Salo Matti K. , Vuorela Nina
Published: February 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting overweight growth development using extended body mass index (BMI) data combined with birth and maternal records from Finnish national registries.

Methods

The longitudinal data consist of growth measurements of 7372 from six birth cohorts in Finland: 1974 (n = 1109), 1981 (n = 983), 1991 (n = 607), 1994–1995 (n = 829), 2001 (n = 821), and 2003–2004 (n = 3023). Anthropometric data were collected from birth to age 15 years from the health records. Pregnancy health data were included for the four most recent birth cohorts (n = 2810). A statistical method called trajectory analysis was used to identify different BMI development trajectories. Factors associated with abnormal growth tracks were analysed using logistic regression models.

Results

High pre‐pregnancy BMI, gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal smoking, and greater gestational weight gain than the Institute of Medicine (United States) recommendations were associated with the overweight growth track. Two of the trajectories didn't seem to follow the normal growth pattern: overweight growth track appeared to lead to overweight, while low birth BMI track showed accelerating growth after the adiposity rebound point of BMI growth.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that maternal overweight before pregnancy, excessive gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes mellitus, and smoking could potentially be associated with the risk of obesity in children.
Study of the manufacture of high‐fired ceramics from Fujian (China) during the Shang and Zhou dynasties
Authors: Yue Zhou , Heyang Sun , Sijia Li , Li Li , Xiangqian Feng , Lingtong Yan
Published: February 2024

In recent years, some kiln sites from Shang and Zhou dynasties have been excavated in Fujian province in southeastern China, and substantial high‐quality ceramic shards were unearthed. The research conducted by archaeologists indicates that these shards are likely the earliest high‐fired ceramic products in this area, characterised by unique appearance features and are therefore valuable for exploring the development and manufacture of early high‐fired ceramics in Fujian. In this study, we gathered some proto‐celadon and stamped stoneware shards from three kiln sites dating back to the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties. We analysed the chemical composition of the ceramic body and glaze, firing temperature, and mineral phase to investigate the selection of raw materials, firing, and glazing technology of these early ceramic products. The results indicate that the bodies of these high‐fired ceramic shards were made of locally weathered porcelain stone, and the glazes are lime glaze. During the Western Zhou dynasty, the potter utilised different raw materials for proto‐celadon and stamped stoneware, which was not the case during the Shang Dynasty. The firing temperatures of the majority of shards exceeded 1,000°C, and the bodies had been completed phase transformation.
Effects of allicin on growth performance, antioxidant profile, and microbiota compared to monensin of growing goats
Authors: Tang Yitian , Huang Li , Sun Xinyang , Ren Chunhuan , Liu Tian Wei , Wu Wenxuan , Zhang Zijun , Zhu Wen
Published: February 2024

Allicin is a sulfur‐containing compound extracted from raw garlic (Allium sativum L.). We compared the effect of allicin addition on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and rumen microbiota of goats compared to monensin. Twenty‐four Anhui white goats were assigned randomly to one of three dietary treatments: 1) a basal diet (CON); 2) the basal diet with allicin addition at 750 mg per head per day (AC); 3) the basal diet with monensin addition at 30 mg per kg of diet (MS). Animals were fed for 8 weeks. Results showed the average daily gain, and feed efficiency was increased with allicin and monensin addition. Serum levels of IgG, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were higher in the AC group than those in the CON and MS groups. The microbiota analysis revealed that monensin addition mainly affected genera related to carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and allicin mainly affected genera related to energy metabolism and intestinal health. In conclusion, allicin could improve growth performance and have advantages over monensin in improving the antioxidant capacity and immune function of goats. Allicin may be a potential alternative to monensin.
Structural, ecological and biogeographical attributes of European vegetation alliances
Authors: Preislerová Zdenka , Marcenò Corrado , Loidi Javier , Bonari Gianmaria , Borovyk Dariia , Gavilán Rosario G. , Golub Valentin , Terzi Massimo , Theurillat Jean‐Paul , Argagnon Olivier , Bioret Frederic , Biurrun Idoia , Campos Juan Antonio , Capelo Jorge , Čarni Andraž , Çoban Süleyman , Csiky János , Ćuk Mirjana , Ćušterevska Renata , Dengler Jürgen , Didukh Yakiv , Dítě Daniel , Fanelli Giuliano , Fernández‐González Federico , Guarino Riccardo , Hájek Ondřej , Iakushenko Dmytro , Iemelianova Svitlana , Jansen Florian , Jašková Anni , Jiroušek Martin , Kalníková Veronika , Kavgacı Ali , Kuzemko Anna , Landucci Flavia , Lososová Zdeňka , Milanović Đorđije , Molina José Antonio , Monteiro‐Henriques Tiago , Mucina Ladislav , Novák Pavel , Nowak Arkadiusz , Pätsch Ricarda , Perrin Gwenhael , Peterka Tomáš , Rašomavičius Valerijus , Reczyńska Kamila , Rūsiņa Solvita , Mata Daniel Sánchez , Guerra Arnoldo Santos , Šibík Jozef , Škvorc Željko , Stešević Danijela , Stupar Vladimir , Świerkosz Krzysztof , Tzonev Rossen , Vassilev Kiril , Vynokurov Denys , Willner Wolfgang , Chytrý Milan
Published: February 2024

The first comprehensive phytosociological classification of all vegetation types in Europe (EuroVegChecklist; Applied Vegetation Science, 2016, 19, 3–264) contained brief descriptions of each type. However, these descriptions were not standardized and mentioned only the most distinct features of each vegetation type. The practical application of the vegetation classification system could be enhanced if users had the option to select sets of vegetation types based on various combinations of structural, ecological, and biogeographical attributes. Based on a literature review and expert knowledge, we created a new database that assigns standardized categorical attributes of 12 variables to each of the 1106 alliances dominated by vascular plants defined in EuroVegChecklist. These variables include dominant life form, phenological optimum, substrate moisture, substrate reaction, salinity, nutrient status, soil organic matter, vegetation region, elevational vegetation belt, azonality, successional status and naturalness. The new database has the potential to enhance the usefulness of phytosociological classification for researchers and practitioners and to help understand this classification to non‐specialists.
Firm's emission reduction effectiveness and the influence of the five institutional dimensions of the quintuple helix model: European evidence
Authors: Reverte Carmelo , Martínez‐Ferrero Jennifer , García‐Meca Emma
Published: February 2024

Based upon the quintuple helix model (QHM), this study explores whether the differences in firms' emission reduction effectiveness can be attributed to the five institutional helices related to educational system, economic development, political–legal system, cultural orientation, and the natural capital. Using a set of listed European firms for the 2015–2020 period, we show that firms with better emission reduction effectiveness operate in nations with more public educational expenditure and scientific production, more extensive economic development, and better institutional and governance quality. Moreover, emission reduction strategies are more pronounced in firms located in countries characterized by less masculinity, individualism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance, and more long‐term orientation and indulgence. In addition, we find that companies with better emission reduction effectiveness are found in countries with more natural capital, characterized by a life in harmony with nature and employing the finite resources available in a sustainable and environmentally conscious manner. Moreover, employing a two‐stage model to identify the most relevant helix, we find that the political–legal system helix is the most pivotal in promoting firms' commitment to reducing environmental emissions.
What makes tablet‐based learning effective? A study of the role of real‐time adaptive feedback
Authors: Colliot Tiphaine , Krichen Omar , Girard Nathalie , Anquetil Éric , Jamet Éric
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the added value of real‐time adaptive feedback on seventh graders' performances in tablet‐based geometry learning. To isolate the effects of the medium (ie, tablet) from those of the feedback, three groups were compared: paper‐and‐pencil, pen‐based tablet without feedback and pen‐based tablet with feedback. The feedback was provided by a tutoring system based on an artificial intelligence that automatically interpreted students' pen strokes on the screen. A total of 85 French students drew three geometric shapes, either on paper or on a tablet, and then performed a transfer task on paper. Results showed that using a tablet without feedback did not improve learning but seemed to enhance interest in the task compared to the paper‐and‐pencil group. Students in the tablet with feedback group performed significantly better than the other two groups on learning, as well as on transfer. This study was the first to combine media comparison and added‐value approaches to test the effects on students' geometry performances of using a new educational app on a pen‐based tablet in a naturalistic classroom environment. Results showed that it was not the medium used but the intelligent tutoring system‐based feedback that improved students' performance. Our data therefore indicate that artificial intelligence is a promising way of providing learners with real‐time adaptive feedback in order to improve their performances.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Previous meta‐analyses have investigated the effects of tablet‐based learning.

Tablet computers have been proven to increase students' motivation.

Yet, the influence of tablet computers on learning outcomes remains inconclusive.

Other studies show that certain features of environments, such as feedback, have positive effects on learning.

What this paper adds

Most of the previous studies adopted a media comparison approach (paper‐ vs. tablet‐based instruction).

We combine this approach with an added‐value approach by adding or not real‐time AI‐based feedback.

Results showed that tablet use increased children's interest but not their learning outcomes.

Feedback improved children's performance in a training task and a later transfer paper task.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Tablet computers can promote students' interest in the task during geometry instruction.

App features play a critical role in improving students' learning.

Specifically, IA‐based adaptive feedback helps children to perform better on a geometry task.
Testing a novel extended educational technology acceptance model using student attitudes towards virtual classrooms
Authors: Kemp Andrew , Palmer Edward , Strelan Peter , Thompson Helen (Mery)
Published: February 2024

Many technology acceptance models used in education were originally designed for general technologies and later adopted by education researchers. This study extends Davis' technology acceptance model to specifically evaluate educational technologies in higher education, focusing on virtual classrooms. Prior research informed the construction of the model, which contains perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, behavioural intent, access and convenience, system attributes and self‐efficacy. Education‐specific constructs include cognitive engagement, feedback, instructor practice and class interaction and communication. Additionally, a new construct called comfort and well‐being is introduced. A total of 427 valid responses on a 5‐point Likert scale were received from university students. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to analyse the data. The model accounted for 78% of variance of behavioural intent, with comfort and well‐being demonstrating the strongest influence. Cognitive engagement, access and convenience influenced perceived usefulness, and system attributes and self‐efficacy influenced perceived ease of use. Feedback, instructor practice and class interaction and communication were not significant as educational constructs for this cohort. Based on this analysis, a final extended educational technology acceptance model (EETAM) is proposed for further use and testing.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Most technology acceptance models used in education were made for general technologies, or do not include factors specific to learning and pedagogy.

Most students prefer face‐to‐face learning experiences and active class engagement.

Qualitative research shows that instructional attributes and student comfort and well‐being are known to be important for students.

What this paper adds

A novel extended educational technology acceptance model, informed by prior empirical research, is presented.

Confirmation of the importance of including student comfort and well‐being in technology acceptance models used in education.

The model revealed the heterogeneous nature of the student learning experience.

Implications for practice and research

Technology acceptance models used in educational settings should include factors specific for education and learning, and student comfort and well‐being.

We encourage use of the presented model in educational settings to further test the model.
The problem of immune thrombocytopenia refractory to both eltrombopag and romiplostim
Authors: Al‐Samkari Hanny , Schifferli Alexandra , Gonzalez‐Lopez Tomas J.
Published: February 2024

Immune thrombocytopenia refractory to multiple thrombopoietin receptor agonists remains a challenging clinical problem. This commentary discusses and contextualizes the recent report on this entity from Moulis and colleagues, and how to move forward with these patients.

Commentary on: Moulis et al. Difficult‐to‐treat primary immune thrombocytopenia in adults: Prevalence and burden. Results from the CARMEN‐France Registry. Br J Haematol 2024;204:1476‐1482.
Do conspiracy beliefs fuel support for reactionary social movements? Effects of misbeliefs on actions to oppose lockdown and to “stop the steal”
Authors: Thomas Emma F. , Bird Lucy , O'Donnell Alexander , Osborne Danny , Buonaiuto Eliana , Yip Lisette , Lizzio‐Wilson Morgana , Wenzel Michael , Skitka Linda
Published: February 2024

Pundits have speculated that the spread of conspiracies and misinformation (termed “misbeliefs”) is leading to a resurgence of right‐wing, reactionary movements. However, the current empirical picture regarding the relationship between misbeliefs and collective action is mixed. We help clarify these associations by using two waves of data collected during the COVID‐19 Pandemic (in Australia, N = 519, and the United States, N = 510) and democratic elections (in New Zealand N = 603, and the United States N = 609) to examine the effects of misbeliefs on support for reactionary movements (e.g., anti‐lockdown protests, Study 1; anti‐election protests, Study 2). Results reveal that within‐person changes in misbeliefs correlate positively with support for reactionary collective action both directly (Studies 1–2) and indirectly by shaping the legitimacy of the authority (Study 1b). The relationship between misbelief and legitimacy is, however, conditioned by the stance of the authority in question: the association is positive when authorities endorse misbeliefs (Study 1a) and negative when they do not (Study 1b). Thus, the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and action hinges upon the alignment of the content of the conspiracy and the goals of the collective action.
Reconstructing the Zama (Mexico) discovery source to sink palaeogeography, Part II: Sediment routing from the Late Miocene shelf‐margin to deepwater basin
Authors: Snedden J. W. , Rowan M. G. , Stockli D. F. , Albertson M. , Pasley J.
Published: February 2024

The Late Miocene source terrane tectonic history in the southern Gulf of Mexico Basin, as informed by detrital zircon geothermochronology data, supports a detailed regional palaeogeographic reconstruction from palaeoshoreline to the deepwater Zama minibasin of the Sureste salt basin. Seismic mapping points to a trio of pathways that converge upon two entry points into the Zama minibasin, illuminating how sediment gravity flows transit a complex seascape defined by shallow salt bodies. Consideration of empirical scaling relationships within and between segments of this sediment dispersal system allows for testable predictions of Upper Miocene submarine fan‐runout lengths over basin exploration areas. Distances from the reconstructed shelf‐margin to the Zama wells vary around 100 km, an increase of 20% over a straight‐line distance as flows likely navigated around extant salt stocks, walls and sheets. This 100‐km fan length is about 40% of the reconstructed minimum palaeo‐river length, within predicted ranges for smaller source‐to‐sink systems in tectonically active areas (25 to 50%). The estimated fan‐runout distance can be extended even further basinwards, considering the contemporaneous passage of the mobile Chortis block along the Tonala shear zone, expanding the Palaeo‐Rio Grijalva drainage network during the Tortonian. These Late Miocene deepwater systems linked to the Palaeo‐Rio Grijalva differ substantially from onshore Mexico‐sourced turbidity flows feeding into the axis of the north‐trending Veracruz Trough. Textural data from wells here suggests these systems were less effective at larger grain transport and sorting. Local (intrabasinal) variations are also evident within the Zama minibasin, as well data (image logs and cores) indicate that axially oriented sediment gravity flows involved fewer high‐density turbidities, depositing lower net‐to‐gross sandstones and thicker shales than those flowing transverse to the basin axis from a southeastern basin entry point. These interpretations will guide both local exploitation of these economic resources and could also support future exploration for analogous salt‐influenced deepwater reservoir systems in the Sureste basin and globally.
Exploration, exploitation, and development: Developmental shifts in decision‐making
Authors: Blanco Nathaniel J. , Sloutsky Vladimir M.
Published: February 2024

Decision‐making requires balancing exploration with exploitation, yet children are highly exploratory, with exploration decreasing with development. Less is known about what drives these changes. We examined the development of decision‐making in 188 three‐ to eight‐year‐old children (M = 64 months; 98 girls) and 26 adults (M = 19 years; 13 women). Children were recruited from ethnically diverse suburban middle‐class neighborhoods of Columbus, Ohio, USA. Results indicate that mature reward‐based choices emerge relatively late in development, with children tending to over‐explore. Computational modeling suggests that this exploration is systematic rather than random, as children tend to avoid repeating choices made on the previous trial. This pattern of exploration (reminiscent of novelty preference) decreased with development, whereas the tendency to exploit increased.
Endoscopy‐assisted excision of nasoglabellar dermoid cyst
Authors: Nofal Ahmed , El‐Anwar Mohammad Waheed
Published: February 2024

Objective

To assess the endoscopic assisted excision of the nasoorbital dermaoid cyst.

Desigh

Case series.

Setting

Zagazig univesity hospitals.

Particpant

The study included patients with nasal dermoid who were operated using a local vertical incision with endoscopic assisted dissection and excision.

Main outcome measures

Complete removal, complication, recurrence.

Results

In all patients, complete excision of the cyst was achieved with negligable blood loss. No recurrence was detected throughout the follow up.

Conclusion

Endoscopic‐assisted resection of the nasal dermoid cyst appears a safe and effective approach with small incision, precise dissection and satisfactory apparent scar with with low incidence of recurrence.
Calculated Comparisons: Manufacturing Societal Causal Judgments by Implying Different Counterfactual Outcomes
Authors: Amemiya Jamie , Heyman Gail D. , Walker Caren M.
Published: February 2024

How do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID‐19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what actually happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID‐19 cases declined), but can be made to disagree about the counterfactual, or what would have happened otherwise (e.g., whether COVID‐19 cases would have declined naturally without intervention) via comparison cases. Across two preregistered studies (total N = 480), participants reasoned about the implementation of a public policy that was followed by an immediate decline in novel virus cases. Study 1 shows that people's judgments about the causal impact of the policy could be pushed in opposite directions by emphasizing comparison cases that imply different counterfactual outcomes. Study 2 finds that people recognize they can use such information to influence others. Specifically, in service of persuading others to support or reject a public health policy, people systematically showed comparison cases implying the counterfactual outcome that aligned with their position. These findings were robust across samples of U.S. college students and politically and socioeconomically diverse U.S. adults. Together, these studies suggest that implied counterfactuals are a powerful tool that individuals can use to manufacture others’ causal judgments and warrant further investigation as a mechanism contributing to belief polarization.
The lines that divide: Board demographic faultlines and proactive environmental strategy
Authors: Arena Claudia , Garcia‐Torea Nicolas , Michelon Giovanna
Published: February 2024

Manuscript Type

The manuscript is of an empirical nature.

Research Question/Issue

The current ecological crisis requires boards of directors to tackle environmental concerns and manage dependencies with the external environment in highly dynamic conditions. Proactive environmental strategies (PESs) seek to establish alternative and innovative processes and products that create new market opportunities. By mobilizing the notion of board demographic faultlines, we investigate their link with PESs and the influence of the internal board dynamics and environmental factors on this relationship.

Research Findings/Insights

The multilevel regression analysis of a 7‐year sample of UK boards reveals that demographic faultlines hinder their information processing in adopting PESs. The results also show that the negative relationship between demographic faultlines and PESs is attenuated by the social similarity of the CEO and chair in the same subgroup and by the financial materiality of the natural environment.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

This study draws on faultline theory to analyze how the structure of board diversity through the alignment of multiple directors' demographic attributes affects board dynamics by creating polarized boards that shape sustainability decisions. This study underscores the disruptive effect of having socially distanced subgroups within the board and the salience of board leaders' social similarity and environmental factors in attenuating their dysfunctional effects.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

Board diversity is considered key to improving board decision‐making. By situating our empirical investigation in a country with a corporate governance model that fosters diversity in a dual leadership board structure that has influenced other countries' governance models, this study provides insights for policymakers and market participants on the unintended effects of the global call for board diversity on firms' proactive environmental stance. Our results call for establishing procedures to incentivize board socialization and facilitate directors' information processing.
Long non‐coding RNA LncTUG1 regulates favourable compression force‐induced cementocytes mineralization via PU.1/TLR4/SphK1 signalling
Authors: Wang Han , Li Tiancheng , Jiang Yukun , Chen Shuo , Wu Zuping , Zeng Xinyi , Yang Kuan , Duan Peipei , Zou Shujuan
Published: February 2024

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a highly coordinated biomechanical response to orthodontic forces with active remodelling of alveolar bone but minor root resorption. Such antiresorptive properties of root relate to cementocyte mineralization, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. This study used the microarray analysis to explore long non‐coding ribonucleic acids involved in stress‐induced cementocyte mineralization. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments, including Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S staining, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses of mineralization‐associated factors, were conducted to verify long non‐coding ribonucleic acids taurine‐upregulated gene 1 (LncTUG1) regulation in stress‐induced cementocyte mineralization, via targeting the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/SphK1 axis. The luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, RNA pull‐down, RNA immunoprecipitation, and co‐localization assays were performed to elucidate the interactions between LncTUG1, PU.1, and TLR4. Our findings indicated that LncTUG1 overexpression attenuated stress‐induced cementocyte mineralization, while blocking the TLR4/SphK1 axis reversed the inhibitory effect of LncTUG1 on stress‐induced cementocyte mineralization. The in vivo findings also confirmed the involvement of TLR4/SphK1 signalling in cementocyte mineralization during OTM. Mechanistically, LncTUG1 bound with PU.1 subsequently enhanced TLR4 promotor activity and thus transcriptionally elevated the expression of TLR4. In conclusion, our data revealed a critical role of LncTUG1 in regulating stress‐induced cementocyte mineralization via PU.1/TLR4/SphK1 signalling, which might provide further insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies that could protect roots from resorption during OTM.
A systems approach to planning for human‐wildlife coexistence: The case of people and jaguars in the Brazilian Pantanal
Authors: Marchini Silvio , Boulhosa Ricardo , Camargo Juliana , Camilo André Restel , Concone Henrique , Feliciani Felipe , Ferrardo Isabella , Figueiroa Gustavo , Fragoso Carlos Eduardo , Morato Ronaldo , Porfírio Grasiela , Salomão Jorge , Sampaio Ricardo , Santos Cyntia Cavalcanti , Tortato Fernando Rodrigo , Viana Diego , Tomas Walfrido Moraes
Published: February 2024

Human‐wildlife coexistence as a concept and management objective has received increasing attention from researchers and decision makers. The coexistence approach will benefit from the recognition that, at broader scales, human‐wildlife interactions (HWI) are best understood and managed collaboratively and as complex systems, that is, dynamic, non‐linear, emergent, adaptive and, therefore, unpredictable. We present a planning process for human‐wildlife coexistence that provides a platform for collaboration between researchers and decision‐makers—and other stakeholders as well—and recognizes the complex nature of HWI. The three elements that define the process are: coexistence instead of conservation or conflict mitigation as a goal, systems thinking as the approach, and an emphasis on verifiable results rather than actions. As a way of illustration, we describe a 3‐day planning workshop for human‐jaguar coexistence in the Pantanal, Brazil. The 15 participants representing the academic, governmental, and non‐profit sectors identified 12 interactions directly involving 27 stakeholders and indirectly another 55. A theory of change was produced, connecting 20 actions—to be performed by 22 actors—with the 57 factors that directly and indirectly drive the interactions. How these results complement other approaches such as Action Plans is discussed. The proposed approach favors the pragmatism of adaptive co‐management over the often unrealistic expectation of a linear path to solution, or in other words, a shift from the notion of human‐wildlife coexistence as a quantifiable target to that of coexistence as a desired system state.