bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ironiens kultur og kulturens ironi. En undersøgelse af senmoderne sensibiliteter
Authors: Schiermer Bjørn
Published: January 2018

Artiklen ønsker at undersøge, hvorledes kulturelle dynamikker udgør en faktor bag humorens historiske forandringer. Dens ambition er at levere en kulturdiagnostisk undersøgelse af nye populære sensibilitets- og socialitetsformer. Artiklen forsøger at gøre indsigter fra humorens filosofi hos S. Kierkegaard, J. P. Sartre og H. Bergson tilgængelige for sociologien ved at placere dem i en simmelsk kulturteoretisk ramme. Nutidens ironiske sensibilitetsformer forstås derved som en reaktion på det, som G. Simmel benævnte “en vækst i objektiv kultur“. Dernæst skal W. Benjamins allegoribegreb fungere som et værktøj til beskrivelse af nutidens ironiske samværs- og sensibilitetsformer. Artiklens sidste del undersøger sammenhængen mellem ironiske sensibilitetsformer (camp- og retrofænomenet) og disse fænomeners forbindelse til en ironisk fænomenologi; en “tragisk“ opfattelse af kultur.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Bjørn Schiermer: Irony’s Culture and Culture’s Irony:
An Investigation of Late Modern Sensibilities

The article attempts to clarify how cultural institutional dynamics contribute to historical developments in humour. This association is then used as folio for an analysis of contemporary popular forms of sensibility and sociability. The article wishes to contribute to the philosophy of humour and make it accessible for the sociology of culture by placing it in a Simmelian culture theoretical framework; a framework that attempts to understand concurrent ironic forms of humour as a reaction to the growth in, what Simmel termed “objective culture“. These impulses are then unified in W. Benjamin’s concept of the allegoric, which is intended to serve as a conceptual tool in describing contemporary social forms and sensibilities. The last part of the article consists of the unfolding of central phenomenological traits of contemporary popular culture and cultural reception (the camp and retro phenomenon) on the background of a “tragic“ or ironic understanding of culture.

Key words: Camp, sociology of culture, theory of culture, Simmel.
Når kritikken tager magten. Samfundskritik og magtforskydninger ifølge Foucault, Boltanski og Chiapello
Authors: Thorup Larsen Lars
Published: January 2018

Artiklen forsøger at begrebsliggøre det teoretiske forhold mellem magtrelationer og kritik, men uden at formulere en ekstern, normativ målestok for den rette samfundskritik. Argumentet er derimod, at eftersom magtrelationer selv rummer muligheden for at internalisere kritikken, må effektiv magtkritik være intern og stå i et intimt forhold til det, der er genstanden for kritik. Dette argument udvikles ved hjælp af en række begreber fra Foucaults magtanalytik, ikke mindst forestillingen om “diskursernes taktiske polyvalens“, som desuden kobles til forholdet mellem kritik og gouvernementalitet. Dernæst vises det i en diskussion af Boltanski og Chiapellos værk om kapitalismens nye ånd, at deres analyse rummer en lignende dynamik mellem samfundskritik og omvending af hierarkierne om end der samtidig også er afgørende forskelle til Foucaults perspektiv på magt og kritik.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Lars Thorup Larsen: When the Critics Take Power: Foucault, Boltanski & Chiapello on Critique and the Tactical Displacement of Power Relations

This article seeks to conceptualize the relationship between power relations and critique, but without formulating an external, normative yardstick for critique. On the contrary, the argument put forth here is that since power relations in themselves contain the possibility for internalizing critic, then an effective critique of these power relations must be internal and have a close relation to that which is the object for critique. This argument is developed by connecting the dots between some of Foucault’s concepts – in particular the notions of “contre-conduites“ and the “tactical polyvalence of discourse“ – and a somewhat similar dynamic between hierarchy and critical mechanisms in Boltanski and Chiapello’s work on the new spirit of capitalism. Based on this theoretical conceptualization of the dynamic, in which critique leads to a displacement of power relations, one can better understand the anti-authoritarian thrust of social critique after 1968. While this has not led to a replacement of power with pure self-government, it has however created an internalization of anti-authoritarian critique into new relations of power and government.

Key words: Critique, power, governmentality, Foucault, Boltanski.
Lokale fællesskaber i den senmoderne by
Authors: Jørgensen Anja
Published: January 2018

Denne artikel stiller spørgsmålstegn ved, hvorvidt sociale relationer er så lidt knyttet til og påvirket af geografi, som det ofte angives, eller om vi med sådanne antagelser overser væsentlige dimensioner omkring lokalt fællesskab og identitet. Og i forlængelse heraf vil artiklen forsøge at nærme sig et svar på, hvordan vi kan forstå lokalt fællesskab i det senmoderne byliv. Med udgangspunkt i resultaterne fra en empirisk undersøgelse af lokale fællesskaber i tre kvarterer i Aalborg By har denne artikel til hensigt at diskutere den gængse sociologiske opfattelse af relationen mellem geografisk lokalitet og fællesskab i det moderne samfund. Implikationer og mulige retninger for fremtidig forskning vil også blive diskuteret.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Anja Jørgensen: Local Communities in the Late Modern City

According to modern sociological theory, social relations are no longer primarily linked to and influenced by geography. This article questions this assumption and asks if we are overlooking vital dimensions of community, identity and sense of belonging by adhering to this idea. It attempts to develop an answer to understanding local community in late modern urban life. It is based on a study of local community in three parts of the city of Aalborg in northern Denmark. It argues that local communities can arise if people feel the need for them or are provoked. It also argues that it is important to see how local communities vary according to socio-economic factors that divide or unite the population. Finally it is important to analyze the extent to which residents live their daily life in the local community.

Key words: Local community, belonging, late modern communities, neighbour relations, the late modern city.
Har Casper Christensen og Frank Hvam læst Goffman? – om rollekompetence, kvindemoral og kynisk fornuft
Authors: Karlsen Mads Peter , Villadsen Kaspar
Published: January 2018

Artiklen tager afsæt i hypotesen, at forfatterne bag sit-com’en “Klovn“ har været inspirerede af pointer hos Goffman, Žižek og Sloterdijk. Den viser gennem analyser af udvalgte afsnit af “Klovn“, hvordan den aktuelle socialitet synes gennemsyret af et særligt sæt “kønnede scripts“, som i markant grad styrer den sociale mikro-interaktion. Ikke mindst er de to mandlige hovedfigurer stærkt orienteret imod en særlig “kvindemoral“. Artiklen argumenterer videre for, at serien kritisk fremstiller et særligt træk ved vores kultur, nemlig hvad Sloterdijk har betegnet som “kynisk fornuft“. Desuden drøfter artiklen forholdet mellem populærkultur, herunder satiren, og kritisk socialanalytik, samt diskuterer, hvorvidt “Klovn“ kan siges at være ideologi-kritisk. “Klovn“ læses som portræt af en radikal postmoderne tilstand, kendetegnet dels ved agenternes porøse konstruktion af identitet gennem fragmenterede sociale spil, dels ved seriens opløsning af realitets-referencer, hvor distinktioner mellem sandt/falsk, godt/ondt, maskulin/feminin er afløst af en refleksion over tegnenes æstetiske forførelsesvirkning.
“Klovn“ fremviser disse elementer i det postmoderne med en satirisk, ironisk distance. Spørgsmålet er imidlertid, om den kritisk overskrider eller snarere reproducerer de ideologiske elementer, som den så illustrativt behandler.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Mads Peter Karlsen & Kaspar Villadsen:
Have Danish Television Authors Read Goffman?

This article hypothesizes that the authors of the Danish sit-com “Klovn“ [Clown] found inspiration in key points advanced by Goffman, Žižek, and Sloterdijk. Through analysis of selected episodes, it shows how our present sociality seems pervaded by particular “gendered“ scripts, which govern social micro-interactions to a considerable extent. The two male main characters are particularly oriented toward a kind of “female morality“. The article also argues that the sit-com critically exposes a specific characteristic of our culture, what Sloterdijk termed “cynical reason“. The article also reflects upon the relationship between popular culture, satire in particular, and critical social analysis, and discusses whether “Klovn“ can be called a critique of ideology. “Klovn“ is seen as a portrait of a radicalized postmodern condition, in which agents construct their fragile identities through fragmented social games, and where distinctions between truth/false, good/evil, masculine/feminine has been dissolved and supplanted by considerations about the pure efficacy of seduction of signs. “Klovn“ demonstrates these characteristics of the post-modern with an ironic distance. The question is, however, if it critically transgresses or rather merely reproduces the ideological elements that it treats so vividly.

Key words: Popular culture, interactionism, gender roles, cynical reason, Goffman, Žižek.
Mindfulness meditation – mellem autenticitet og effektivisering
Authors: Grünenberg Kristina , Kjærgaard Walker Hanne , Skov Knudsen Jakob
Published: January 2018

Meditation er ikke et nyt fænomen i det danske samfund. Det er den fokus som meditationsformen Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) har været genstand for i de senere år imidlertid. Inden for en sundhedssociologisk ramme undersøges nogle af grundene til, at netop MBSR er blevet populær både i virksomheder og blandt individer med fokus på selvudvikling i en dansk kontekst. Artiklen tager afsæt i empiri hentet fra et kvalitativt forskningsprojekt vedrørende netop denne meditationsform og indledes med en fremstilling af det teoretiske, analytiske og empiriske udgangspunkt for artiklen. Herefter følger en analyse af empirien, i hvilken forfatterne bl.a. argumenterer for, at opfattelsen af virkninger tilskrevet mindfulness meditation må ses i relation til to diskurser, som fremanalyseres og benævnes henholdsvis autenticitets- og effektiviseringsdiskurserne. Disse diskurser udgør i artiklen omdrejningspunktet for mere generelle betragtninger over nogle af de udfordringer, som det senmoderne menneske står overfor.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Kristina Grünenberg, Hanne Kjærgaard Walker and Jakob Skov Knudsen: Mindfulness Meditation – between Authenticity and Efficiency

This article investigates how mindfulness meditation, more precisely cd-guided Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), relates to and contributes to general normative discourses on ways of being human in late modern socie­ty. The article is based on empirical data from a qualitative research project on this form of meditation and starts with a presentation of the theoretical, analytical and empirical points of departure. This is followed by an analysis of the empirical data, in which we argue that the perception of effects attributed to mindfulness meditation should be viewed in relation to two discourses, which we have named discourses of authenticity and of efficiency respectively. These discourses constitute the central point for more general reflections on some of the challenges faced by late-modern people.

Key words: Mindfulness meditation, MBSR, alternative medicine, discourse, late-modern society.
Skrækken for kulturel forskellighed. Inspirationen fra Edward Said i dansk indvandrerforskning
Authors: Ümit Necef Mehmet
Published: January 2018

I dansk forskning om forholdet mellem indvandrere og danskere er det ganske udbredt at fremføre, at danskerne lider af skræk for indvandrernes kulturelle anderledeshed. Artiklens hovedtese er, at det i virkeligheden er de anklagende forskere selv, der lider af skræk for kulturelle forskelle. På det teoretiske plan skyldes dette i høj grad et ønske om ikke at virke essentialistisk, et ønske, hvis teoretiske inspiration ikke mindst har en kilde i Edward Saids anti-essentialisme, som den udlægges i bogen Orientalisme. Artiklen argumenter for, at det er Saids formaninger imod brugen af kultur til at forklare et fænomen i forbindelse med Orienten og islam, der har gjort en række danske forskere bange for at anerkende og italesætte kulturelle forskelle. Artiklen fremfører, at danske forskere må tage kulturelle forskelle mellem danskere og indvandrere alvorligt og gentænke den populære forestilling om, at danskernes reaktioner imod kulturel anderledeshed altid handler om racisme, fordomme, stereotyper, skræk og panik. Inddragelsen af alternative teorier for at analysere interaktionen mellem danskere og indvandrere, ikke mindst danskernes forskellige reaktionsformer over for indvandrere, vil gavne sociologisk forskning.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Mehmet Ümit Necef: Fear of Cultural Difference. Inspiration from Edward Said in Danish Research on Immigrants

Danish researchers who study the relations between Danes and Immigrants commonly claim that Danes suffer from the fear of immigrants’ cultural difference. The main thesis of this article is that it is really the researchers themselves who suffer from these cultural differences. At the theoretical level, this fear stems primarily from a desire of not being essentialist. This desire, and in particular its theoretical inspiration, stems in part from Edward Said’s anti-essentialism as it is constructed in his book Orientalism. This article argues that Said’s admonitions against employing the concept of culture to explain a phenomenon related to the Orient and Islam have contributed to a number of Danish researchers’ fear of recognizing and articulating cultural otherness. The article argues that Danish researchers should take cultural differences between the Danes and immigrants seriously, and not simply subscribe to the widespread idea that the reactions of Danes to cultural differences are always about racism, prejudice, stereotypes, fear and panic. Furthermore, the article argues that our sociological understanding of the relations between the Danes and the immigrants would be enriched by involving additional and alternative theories in analyses.

Key words: Orientalism, Edward Said, honour killing, essentialism, difference, racism.
Orientalisme og Israel – tre skabeloner for orientalisme-receptionen i jødiske studier
Authors: Egholm Feldt Jakob
Published: January 2018

Denne artikel vil følge Edward W. Saids begreb ”orientalisme” inden for et særligt områdestudium. Jødiske studier er ofte dybt politisk og etisk motiverede foruden at være etnisk motiverede i den forstand, at mange forskere er engagerede i jødisk kulturpolitik, ligesom Said var dybt engageret i palæstinensernes politiske sag. Mit spørgsmål vil således være: hvordan har jødiske studier, som områdestudium betragtet, modtaget orientalismebegrebet? Mine grundlæggende antagelser er: 1. Orientalismebegrebets familiaritet med kolonialisme og imperialisme er et problem for jødiske områdestudier, fordi common sense i feltet placerer studiet i en anden kontekst. 2. Problemet er ikke kun begrebsligt/fagligt, men også politisk, fordi jødiske områdestudier helt enkelt har en markant pro-zionistisk profil. Denne politisering er ikke kun ideologisk, men opleves af mange i feltet som eksistentiel/ontologisk pga. Holocaust, og derfor er en eller anden grad af zionisme doxa.
Artiklen viser, at der findes tre skabeloner for orientalisme-receptionen i jødiske studier, som jeg kalder 1. Den kampusradikale, 2. Den postkoloniale og 3. Den historiske. Der argumenteres for, at Saids begreb orientalisme har medvirket til at opløse kultur- og socialanalytiske dikotomier i jødiske studier og dermed har ydet et væsentligt bidrag til området.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Jakob Egholm Feldt: Orientalism and Israel. Three templates for Orientalism in Jewish Studies

This article analyses Edward Said’s concept of Orientalism in Jewish Studies. Jewish Studies are often highly politically, ethically and ethnically motivated, because many scholars are engaged in Jewish cultural politics just as Said was engaged in the Palestinian national cause. My question in this article is: How has the concept of Orientalism been received in Jewish Studies? My assump-tions are: 1. The familiarity between orientalism, colonialism and imperialism poses a problem for Jewish Studies, because common sense in the field places it in another context. 2. The problem is not only conceptual but also political, in as much as Jewish Studies have a significant Zionist profile. This politicization is not only ideological but also experienced as existential/ontological because of the Holocaust. Thus, a degree of Zionism is doxa in the field.
The article shows that there are three models for using the concept of orientalism in Jewish Studies. I call them: the campus radical, the post-colonial, and the historical. I argue that Said’s concept of orientalism has contributed to dissolving analytical dichotomies in Jewish cultural studies and thus made a significant contribution to the field.

Key words: Said, Israel, Zionism.
Comparison of elisa and HPLC methods for the detection of mycotoxins by analysing proficiency test results
Authors: Nesic Ksenija , Pisinov Boris , Jaksic Sandra , Tasic Aleksandra , Savic Bozidar , Pavlovic Nikola
Published: January 2018

Different analytical techniques for the detection of mycotoxins have been
developed in order to control the levels of mycotoxins in food and feed.
Conventional analytical methods for mycotoxin determination are involving
techniques such as thinlayer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). Also, rapid methods for
mycotoxin analysis have become increasingly important. Enzyme-linked
immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most common rapid methods for
determination of these natural contaminants. The aim of this study was to
provide a comparison between two different methods of analysis (HPLC and
ELISA) for the detection of different mycotoxins using data that originate
from commercial proficiency tests. Based on the statistical evaluation of
the results for both methods, in three proficiency tests for various
mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxin and zearalenone), it could be concluded
that both techniques can equally be used, although ELISA is considered to be
the screening one.
Impact of fusarium mycotoxins on swine health - field observations
Authors: Prodanov-Radulovic Jasna , Stojanov Igor , Zivkov-Balos Milica , Jaksic Sandra , Pusic Ivan , Bojkovski Jovan
Published: January 2018

Mycotoxins are structurally diverse fungal metabolites that can contaminate
a variety of dietary components consumed by animals and humans. The aim of
this paper was to present the field observations of clinical and
pathological consequences on swine health in the cases when Fusarium
mycotoxins were detected in swine feed. The material for research included
the samples from swine farms located in the region of Vojvodina, where
health disorders resembling intestinal problems in different swine
categories were detected. The applied research methods included:
epidemiological and clinical evaluation, gross pathology examination,
bacteriological tissue testing originating from diseased dead animals. The
presence of deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin and zearalenone (ZEA) in
thirteen complete swine feed mixtures were analyzed by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay methods, using Ridascreen?FAST DON, Ridascreen?FAST T2,
and Ridascreen?FAST Zearalenon test kits (R-Biopharm, Germany). By clinical
and pathological examination, the lesions predominantly located in digestive
tract were observed in different swine categories. The problem of persistent
enteric infections in suckling piglets and alteration of growth performance
were notified in weaners and fatteners. In adult categories, reduced feed
consumption, sometimes distinct feed refusal and vomiting were observed. In
all examined samples of complete feed mixtures for different swine
categories the concentration of DON exceeded the maximum permitted levels,
but also the presence of other Fusarium mycotoxins was detected. The
obtained results indicate the existence of feed mixtures contamination with
low levels of Fusarium mycotoxins and their possible positive interaction
with etiological agents present in swine farms.
Data acquisition of triple quadrupole LC-MS for the citrinin determination
Authors: Vukovic Gorica , Bursic Vojislava , Aleksic Goran , Kuzmanovic Slobodan , Cara Magdalena , Abd El-Wahab
Published: January 2018

The analysis of citrinin is challenging because it needs to be detected in
low concentrations in complex sample matrices. Before citrinin
quantification, the data acquisition of LC-MS/MS must be performed, which
includes the determination of ion monitoring reaction (SRM), finding
fragmentation energies (Frag.) and collision cell energies (CE) for which
the response of citrinin will be the highest for the given conditions. The
best response of citrinin is obtained for Frag. of 66 V and CE of 17 and 29
V.
Ganoderma lucidum - from tradition to modern medicine
Authors: Cilerdzic Jasmina , Stajic Mirjana , Vukojevic Jelena
Published: January 2018

Ganoderma lucidum has a long tradition of use in folk medicine of the Far
East, which is documented in the oldest Chinese pharmacopoeia, written in
the first century B.C, declaring it a superior medicine. The healing
properties of G. lucidum reflected on folk names such as: Reishi,
Mannentake, Ling Zhi etc., which mean ?herb of spiritual power?, ?mushroom
of immortality? or ?10,000-year mushroom?, respectively. It has been known,
for thousands of years, that this species extends life span, increases
youthful vigour and vitality and it was used in the treatments of hepatitis,
kidneys? disease, hypertension, arthritis, asthma, bronchitis,
arteriosclerosis, ulcers and various types of cancer. However, Western
civilisation did not discover its healing properties until the 20th century.
Modern scientific researches and numerous clinical trails, conducted in
recent decades, have confirmed the ancient knowledge of Eastern nations and
given them a scientific basis. These studies have demonstrated many
biological activities of G. lucidum extracts and compounds, including:
immunomodulating, antioxidative, cytotoxic, hypoglycaemic,
anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimicrobial, etc. It has been reported
that its extracts play important role in detoxification of the body and
protecton of the liver, as well as in reducing cardiovascular problems,
stress and anxiety. However, its most important effect is undoubtedly
immunostimulating one as it is the basis of many other positive effects. The
Japanese government introduced G. lucidum on the official list of auxiliary
agents for the treatments of various cancers, Alzheimer?s disease, diabetes
and chronic bronchitis. Many chemical components have been isolated from G.
lucidum, but polysaccharides and terpenoids are the main carriers of its
bioactivities.
Antioxidative activity of Lenzites warnieri basidiocarps
Authors: Knezevic Aleksandar , Milovanovic Ivan , Vukojevic Jelena
Published: January 2018

Considering that mushrooms synthesize different kinds of compounds with
antioxidative activity and that search for natural antioxidants is a topical
study area, testing of unstudied species is fully justified. The aim of the
study was to evaluate antioxidative capacity of Lenzites warnieri
basidiocarps using different solvents. Antioxidative potential of 96%
ethanolic, 70% ethanolic and methanolic extracts was evaluated by
2,2?-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) bleaching
assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay.
Additionally, total content of phenols and flavonoids in extracts was
determined as galic acid equivalent (GAE) and quercetin equivalent (QE),
respectively. Presented as EC50, 70% ethanolic extracts showed the highest
antioxidative capacity by DPPH assay (3.08 ? 0.49 mg/mL) and 96% ethanolic
extract by ABTS assay (3.08 ? 0.24 mg/mL). Methanolic extract exhibited the
lowest antioxidative activity in both assays (6.02 ? 0.99 mg/mL and 4.92 ?
0.38 mg/mL, respectively). Results showed that antioxidative capacity of
extracts depended on solvents and assay used, indicating that ethanolic
extracts were with higher capacity in free radicals neutralization. The
highest content of total phenols was detected in 70% ethanolic extract
(37.45 ? 0.36 ?g GAE/mg of dried extract) while the lowest amount was noted
in methanolic extract (22.73 ? 0.05 ?g GAE/mg of dried extract). Total
flavonoid contents were negligible and ranged between 1.91 ? 0.10 and 2.24 ?
0.13 ?g QE/mg of dried extract. The obtained results indicate that Lenzites
warnieri possess significant antioxidative capacity which is mainly
correlated to phenols present in the extracts.
Morpho-anatomical characterization of Tuber macrosporum/Corylus avellana mycorrhizas from cultivated seedlings: Case report
Authors: Stanojkovic Jelena , Glamoclija Jasmina , Janosevic Dusica
Published: January 2018

This study investigated the presence of mycorrhizae on seedlings from part of
ten-year-old truffles plantation (about 3,000 m2) located in Eastern Serbia.
This study is observation of the presence of ectomycorrhizal fungus from
genus Tuber during its symbiotic stage on the roots of Corylus avellana L.
Ten root samples were collected (randomly) and observed macroscopically and
microscopically analyzed. There were changes in morphology and anatomy of
the infected roots of C. avellana. Mantle was clearly observed to cover the
roots and the mycelia formed the Harting net. Among arbitrary selected
seedlings, there were found mature fruiting bodies on the surface of the
soil. The truffles, identified as Tuber macrosporum Vittad, were found in
the immediate vicinity of the hazelnut trees. There has been no previous
information of mycorrhizae Tuber macrosporum/Corylus avellana on
artificially created truffles plantation in Serbia.
Antifungal activity of indigenous Bacillus spp. isolated from soil
Authors: Bjelic Dragana , Ignjatov Maja , Marinkovic Jelena , Spremo Nemanja , Karaman Maja , Nikolic Zorica , Ivanovic Zarko
Published: January 2018

Biocontrol using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represents an
alternative approach to disease management, since PGPR are known to promote
growth and reduce diseases in various crops. Among the different PGPR,
members of the genus Bacillus are prefered for most biotechnological uses
due to their capability to form extremely resistant spores and produce a
wide variety of metabolites with antimicrobial activity. The objective of
this research was to identify antagonistic bacteria for management of the
plant diseases. Eleven isolates of Bacillus spp. were obtained from the soil
samples collected from different localities in the Province of Vojvodina.
The antifungal activity of bacterial isolates against five fungal species
was examined using a dual plate assay. Bacillus isolates exhibited the
highest antifungal activity against Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. cepae and Alternaria padwickii, while they had the least
antagonistic effect on Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum.
Molecular identification showed that effective bacterial isolates were
identified as Bacillus safensis (B2), Bacillus pumilus (B3, B11), Bacillus
subtilis (B5, B7) and Bacillus megaterium (B8, B9). The highest antagonistic
activity was exhibited by isolates B5 (from 39% to 62% reduction in fungal
growth) and B7 (from 40% to 71% reduction in fungal growth). These isolates
of B. subtilis could be used as potential biocontrol agents of plant
diseases.
Natural Disasters Management in Indonesia: Perspective of Local Wisdom and Heidegger Hermeneutics
Authors: Alwi Idaman , Mustansyir Rizal , Hadi Protasius Hardono
Published: January 2018

Natural disaster managements in Indonesia carried out by the government seemed centralized, slow and is not well prepared. Even the government seems to ignore the management of natural disasters that has long been entrenched in the pulse of local community knowledge systems. Considerations in decision-making mitigation of natural disasters is too scientific-positivistic and ignores the philosophical aspect of the work. This paper attempts to offer a perspective of natural disaster management with support of Indonesian local wisdom and Heidegger hermeneutics. Most of the ethnic groups in Indonesia have already had a set or system of knowledge in the management of natural disasters. This knowledge system exists since the long experience of Indonesian society in dealing with natural disasters. This system is then passed on and transformed from many generations through oral hystory. Some studies indicate that local knowledge systems on the management of natural disasters so far   are very effective in minimizing the number of dissaster victims. In addition, Martin Heidegger hermeneutics offeres a concept of natural disaster management with the starting point of the idea of being-in-the-world.The idea is one of the basic principles of hermeneutics-facticity Martin Heidegger who supposes that a real human living being has awareness of this universe. In the 'living earth', man does not necessarily accept the fate thrown into the earth, but he has the ability to exercise the creativity for survival. As a result of the awareness of the throwness into the universe, in turn, human beings have awareness that they have a relation to one another, empathy and sensitivity as human beings.
Changes of Teachers’ discursive practices learning dynamic mathematics in a collaborative, online environment
Authors: Grisi-Dicker Loretta M. , Alqahtani Muteb M. , Powell Arthur B.
Published: January 2018

Using data from an inservice professional development course, we inquire into changes in secondary teachers’ discursive practices in a latter part of the course compared to the beginning of the course. Participants interacted in a collaborative online environment, known as Virtual Math Teams with GeoGebra (VMTwG), focusing on discursive, mathematical, and collaborative practices. From a sociocultural perspective, we believe that teachers gradually develop their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) by interacting discursively in small teams. Using conventional content analysis of the teachers’ review of their recorded discourse, we investigate changes in practices from the teachers’ perspective. Our results show that teachers perceived that their discursive practices differed importantly from their practices at the beginning of the course.
PERAN KEPUASAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI DALAM PENGARUH HUMAN RESOURCES PRACTICES TERHADAP KOMITMEN KARYAWAN DI POLDA BENGKULU
Authors: Rafida Oktine
Published: January 2018

The objectives of this research was to find out the effect of human resources practices (reward, training, and person-job fit) on job satisfaction and employee commitment, and the effect of job satisfaction on employee commitment. The methodology of this research was using questionnaire survey approach to collect data for testing the research  hypothesis and regression technique for data analysis. Census was used to analyze the hypothesis. The population were 200 respondents and divided to 187 PNS and 13 PHL of Polda Bengkulu. Finding and contribution in this research was HR practices have a significant effect to employee commitment, human resources practices have a significant effect to job satisfaction, and job satisfaction to employee commitment also have a significant effect. Research limitation or implication in this research was the result can not be applied to other region Polda, or other public organization. This research suggest further investigation is needed to equivalent the result and more extent area of research.
PERAN SERVICESCAPE DALAM MENINGKATKAN HOTEL IMAGE DAN REVISITING INTENTION PADA HOTEL BINTANG 5
Authors: Ayunisa Fadia
Published: January 2018

The purpose of the research is to analyze the influences of social servicescape and physical servicescape on hotel image and revisiting intention in five star hotels. The design of this study is a hypothesis testing. The respondents were selected using purposive sampling method in which the questionnaires are used to collect data from 200 respondents who have visited some five star hotels in DKI Jakarta at least 1 time in a year. The proposed model was tested by using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results of this research showed that there is a significant and positive influence of social servicescape and physical servicescape on hotel image; a significant and positive influence of hotel image, social servicescape and physical servicescape on revisiting intention. This study only used some five star hotels in DKI Jakarta and 200 respondents that limit the generalizability of the results. Future researchers should accomodate larger number of respondents and used some other Five Star Hotels in other cities. The findings of this research can help hotel managers to implement better strategies in order to increase the level of customers’ revisiting intention.
USING A MEANING-CENTRED LEADERSHIP MODEL TO IGNITE A FIELD OF INSPIRED CONNECTIONS IN YOUTH LEADERS
Authors: Makola Solomon
Published: January 2018

This article investigated whether teaching student leaders about the Meaning- Centred Leadership Model results in a significant improvement in their leadership potentials. The participants consisted of two groups of student leaders (N=18) from a satellite campus of a university of technology in South Africa. The article utilised both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data was collected using Purpose in Life Test (PIL) and Youth Leadership Test (YLT). In addition, qualitative data was collected on the participants’ subjective experience of development in leadership potential. A non-equivalent control group design was employed. A ‘repeated measures’ t-test was used. The qualitative data was analysed by means of themes. The findings from this article indicate that a meaning-centred leadership model can be used to inspire young people in their leadership development. The levels of meaning of student leaders in the experimental group were significantly better after the intervention than before. In addition, there was a significant increase in the leadership aptitude of student leaders in the experimental group after the meaning-centred leadership model. Notable differences were also observed between the two groups, in the sense that the Purpose in Life and Youth Leadership Test scores of participants in the experimental group was significantly better after the intervention than before. The findings indicate that it is possible to inspire youth leaders in their leadership development for meaning by means of a meaning-centred leadership model, and that this helps in their transformational self-knowledge.
FACTO RS AFFECTING THE RUNNING OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN GREATER GIYANI MUNICIPALITY
Authors: Mnisi Khazamula L. , Rankhumise Edward M.
Published: January 2018

There is increasing recognition of the potential contribution of small and medium enterprises towards economic growth and creation of job opportunities worldwide. This study was aimed at determining the factors that contribute to the success or failure of small businesses operating under jurisdiction of Greater Giyani Municipality. Data were collected via a focus group, which consisted of eight business owners. The findings revealed that business owners experience challenges, for instance, no entrepreneurial support is accessible to them and they struggle to get start-up capital for their businesses and as a result end up sourcing funds from micro-lenders. Most business owners have poor business skills, but they do not receive any training to enhance their capabilities, hence the likelihood of some businesses failing. Businesses are not being afforded the support they require. This could compromise the intentions of the government to encourage people to start businesses and thus improve their livelihood and the wellbeing of society. For these businesses to sustain their operations, it is important that they be provided with support, particularly in the form of start-up capital and business skills. Regarding future research, a study should be carried out on a large scale in order to allow for generalisability of these findings to the entire Limpopo province.
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) AS A BUSINESS PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Essop Ghazala Begum
Published: January 2018

Throughout the business world, leaders of the most successful firms have begun to understand the importance of analysing every activity, system and process in their operations to make absolutely sure that they function efficiently and effectively. In the course of this assignment an attempt to understand total quality management will be made, along with an examination of the different schools of thought regarding total quality management and the effect this concept has on production.
YOUTH WELLBEING IN SOUTH AFRICA: WHAT DIMENSIONS SHOULD WE MEASURE?
Authors: Mac-Ikemenjima Dabesaki
Published: January 2018

There is growing interest in the development of measures and indexes of youth wellbeing. However, there has been a limited discussion on indicators to measure and select them. This paper reports on the results of a qualitative study on the selection of indicators to measure the wellbeing of young people in South Africa, and reflects on the relevance of the content of their values in choosing indicators for measuring their wellbeing. The data used in this analysis is based on telephone (9) and email (6) interviews conducted with 15 young people (male=5, female=10) aged 22 to 32 from five South African cities during July 2010. In the interviews, participants were asked to identify five issues they considered important to their lives, after which they were asked to rank them in order of importance. The issues indicated by the participants are described and discussed in six dimensions: economic, relationships, spiritual and health, education, time use and material. The indicators developed from this study are discussed in terms of their relevance for use in a measure of youth wellbeing in South Africa.
GATEWAY TO NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT? AN ANALYSIS OF THE USES AND ABUSES OF THE ZIMBABWE NATIONAL YOUTH SERVICE IN RELATION TO THE AFRICAN YOUTH CHARTER
Authors: Dombo Sylvester , Gwande Victor M
Published: January 2018

This study looks at the uses and abuses of the National Youth Service (NYS) as a vehicle to attain national economic and social development for the youth in Zimbabwe. started in 2001, the NYS has in its short life span attracted both admirers and enemies both locally and externally. Whilst proponents of the NYS argue that it is the best way to integrate the youth fully in all aspects of the economy, in line with the dictates of the African Youth Charter, enemies have argued that the NYS has been nothing but an attempt to sacrifice developmental aspirations on the altar of political expediency. This study looks at the politics surrounding the implementation of the African Youth Charter, particularly article 15, which states that member states should institute NYS programmes to engender community participation and skills development for entry into the labour market. This paper asserts that the NYS in Zimbabwe was implemented before the adoption of the African Youth Charter in 2006 and that this has raised concern among the youth that no attempts have been made to harmonise the two. As a result, instances of the NYS being abused for partisan ends have been rife, leading to calls to rebrand the NYS in line with the provisions of the youth charter. Therefore, besides the issue of perception, this paper argues that lack of resources and discord within the unity government led to the failure by the government to fully implement the African Youth Charter in the Zimbabwean context.
IMAGES OF MUSLIM CHILDHOOD IN THE STONING OF SORAYA M
Authors: Khan Khatija Bibi
Published: January 2018

This article explores the constructions of the identities of male and female children in the film, The Stoning of Soraya M. On the surface, the film is about the stoning to death of a married woman falsely accused of adultery. However, the article argues that this ugly performance is enacted in order to warn Muslim children to observe their fixed social roles that Muslim and adult males have created for the children of both sexes. The filmâ€™s content and cinematograph addresses male children to become further emboldened in carrying out the dictates of a male authored society, while indirectly warning women not to aspire to freedoms beyond the kitchen and the socially-sanctioned bedroom space.As cautionary tale, the film uses stoning as a metaphor of repression of independent thinking in both male and female Muslim children.
THE CHALLENGES AND COPING RESOURCES OF YOUTH HEADING HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Botha Petro
Published: January 2018

There is a large number of youth-headed households in South Africa. This is linked to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the country. Various studies have been undertaken on child-headed households, but there is a lack of research on the personal experiences of youth heading households. The assumption has been made that youth are older and able to cope with their situation. Youth heading households have not been defined as a separate group, but have been included in Orphans, Vulnerable Children and Youth (OVCY). The aim of this study is to gain an in-depth understanding of the challenges and coping resources of youth heading households. A qualitative approach and a descriptive and contextual design were used. It is important that governments and NGOs clearly define a youthheaded household and include youth heading households in research evaluating current services to OVCY, and that they plan services focusing specifically on the needs of this group.
AN ANALYSIS OF LITERARY DEPICTIONS OF YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF LAND REDISTRIBUTION IN POST-2000 ZIMBABWE
Authors: Magosvongwe Ruby , Mguni Zifikile , Nyamende Abner
Published: January 2018

The article discusses literary depictions of youth employment opportunities and sustainable socioeconomic development in post-2000 Zimbabwe in Lawrence Hoba and Petina Gappahâ€™s short story collections, The Trek and Other Stories (2009) and An Elegy for Easterly (2009), respectively. The article views youth employment from an unorthodox/unscientific perspective, considering the informal self-employment strategies that Zimbabwean society has adopted, as depicted in the selected short story collections. It defies the singular approach in the manner that employment is generally viewed and quantified, especially in the context of the vilified Zimbabwean land redistribution processes that the short story collections dwell on. To this end, the article challenges readers and critics of the Zimbabwean youth employment situation and Zimbabwean sustainable socio-economic development from the perspective of the tight rope that the country walks on as Zimbabweans adopt strategies and mechanisms to self-regenerate and transform the livelihoods of the greater majority. The article concludes that real and sustainable youth employment and greater socio-economic development can only be attained through genuine ownership of land as the major economic resource, and through internal accountability for the more equitable distribution and benefitting the same. Self-serving modes that see development as an end in itself, without taking into account the quality of human lives, are self-defeating.
A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE POST-COLD WAR UNITED STATES OF AMERICAâ€™S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS KENYA: AN AFROCENTRIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Shai K B , Nyawasha T
Published: January 2018

This article uses African critical theory (also known as Afrocentricity) to appraise US-Kenya inter-state relations. It does this first by contemporaneously historicising the relationship between the two countries and also looking at the current state of the US-Kenyan affair. Largely, the study carries a historical sensibility as it traces the relationship between Kenya and the US from as far as 1963. Our interest in this study is to highlight the peculiarity of the relationship between Kenya and the US. Put yet in another way, we seek to look at the nuances of the relationship. To achieve this, we rely methodologically on both primary and secondary sources to generate data. The data are analysed through the use of interdisciplinary critical discourse in its widest form. Overall, the central question we grapple with here is why the US sees in Kenya an indispensable political ally amidst all struggles and moments; some which have become part of the Kenyan political history, as this article will show. Three underlying currents shaping the relationship between Kenya and the US are identified in this article: 1) the consolidation of democracy; 2) the 2007 Kenyan election; and 3) the strategic importance of Kenya to the USâ€™s overall political mission and objective. Lastly, this article makes its contribution to the existing body of literature in International Public Affairs (IPA) by implicitly and rigorously employing Afrocentricity as a new contextual lens to study US-Africa affairs.
MANIFESTATIONS OF POWER AND RESISTENCE: AN EXPLORATION OF QUENTIN TARANTINO'S DJANGO UNCHAINED (2012) AND STEVE MCQUEEN'S 12 YEARS A SLAVE
Authors: Chera Godknows , Rwafa Urther
Published: January 2018

Â This article explores the manifestations of power and resistance in films using Django Unchained (2012), directed by Quentin Tarantino, and 12 Years a Slave (2013), directed by Steve McQueen, as case studies. The research findings suggest that films are texts and terrains that are used to address class structures politically, socially, economically and culturally. Dominant classes use film to produce and reproduce ideologies of power and resistance. The films under scrutiny reflect an aspect of control, whereby conservative superior classes exercise the power to mistreat those who are viewed as â€˜second-class citizensâ€™. The argument of this article is that film images are mirrors of the â€˜realâ€™ world, where ideological domination is either achieved or resisted. The article deploys eclectic theories like semiotics, Marxism, critical discourse analysis, language interpretation and thematic analysis to analyse the selected films. It is hoped that the approach of these theories will help to investigate the manifestations of power and resistance in filmsÂ
WOMEN WHO HAVE KILLED: THE PSYCHO-SOCIAL EFFECTS OF PRISON LIFE
Authors: Nyamakai Zanele , Manyarara Barbra Chiyedza
Published: January 2018

The female ex-prisoners interviewed in the semi-autobiographical collection A tragedy of lives: Women in prison in Zimbabwe (2003) caused the deaths of their own loved ones, consequently they were unable to mourn or bury them. The processing of the homicides precludes these women going through the appropriate rites and rituals which ordinarily form part of deaths in Zimbabwean cultural traditions. Variously manifesting in the experiences of the different women interviewed, the complex psychiatric and psychological problems observed in these women are attributable to incomplete mourning and unresolved grief which are linked to the social inadequacies of a necessarily truncated expression of that grief. The present textual analysis is dually guided by Africana womanist and psychoanalytic theoretical frameworks. The study establishes a shift by Zimbabwean women writers from merely highlighting issues that affect women, to taking a stance on the effects of imprisonment on female offenders both during and after incarceration. Empathy and optimism are shown towards the interviewees. The semi-autobiography also enables the generality of Zimbabweans to understand the effects of such crimes and the need to rehabilitate offenders. The study encourages harmonious co-existence between males and females in the postcolony.