bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Detection of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Review on Prospective Screening Methods with Regard to Global Challenges
Authors: Haj-Hosseini Neda , Lindblad Joakim , Hasséus Bengt , Kumar Vinay Vijaya , Subramaniam Narayana , Hirsch Jan-Michaél
Published: April 2022

Oral cancer is a cancer type that is widely prevalent in low-and middle-income countries with a high mortality rate, and poor quality of life for patients after treatment. Early treatment of cancer increases patient survival, improves quality of life and results in less morbidity and a better prognosis. To reach this goal, early detection of malignancies using technologies that can be used in remote and low resource areas is desirable. Such technologies should be affordable, accurate, and easy to use and interpret. This review surveys different technologies that have the potentials of implementation in primary health and general dental practice, considering global perspectives and with a focus on the population in India, where oral cancer is highly prevalent. The technologies reviewed include both sample-based methods, such as saliva and blood analysis and brush biopsy, and more direct screening of the oral cavity including fluorescence, Raman techniques, and optical coherence tomography. Digitalisation, followed by automated artificial intelligence based analysis, are key elements in facilitating wide access to these technologies, to non-specialist personnel and in rural areas, increasing quality and objectivity of the analysis while simultaneously reducing the labour and need for highly trained specialists.
Cultivating Skillful Means of Care in Schools Through Compassion Practice and Individual and Joint Inquiry
Authors: Potvin Ashley Seidel , Penuel William R. , Dimidjian Sona , Jinpa Thupten
Published: April 2022

Objectives

We examined the extent to which compassion practices helped guide skillful means of care among educators. We engaged educators in a collaborative design (co-design) process that foregrounded two components: (1) contemplative practice and (2) developing skill in how social interactions are embedded within wider systems through individual and joint inquiry. We analyzed the ways educators developed awareness of social suffering and set intentions to alleviate suffering. We examined how co-design fostered an understanding of compassion and new ideas about how to respond skillfully to suffering in schools.

Methods

Using qualitative methods, we analyzed data from educators who participated in co-design, including their written reflections, field notes, semi-structured interviews, and surveys.

Results

Educators identified multiple opportunities for acting with compassion, including approaching school-based interactions with compassion, cultivating compassion for themselves, and envisioning school change through a lens of compassion. Educators’ experiences in co-design directly informed how they imagined compassionate action in their schools. Specific elements highlighted were contemplative practice, reflection, and individual and joint inquiry.

Conclusions

The adaptation of a general program on compassion training can benefit from attending to how to show compassion in the context of concrete interactions in schools, and this can support educators in developing skillful means of care. Our analyses provide insight into the components that supported educators to offer compassion and suggest that educators’ skillful means of care can be cultivated through both contemplative practice and inquiry into social suffering. We offer a conceptual model for developing skillful means of care educational settings.
The $$\mathbb Z$$-genus of boundary links
Authors: Feller Peter , Park JungHwan , Powell Mark
Published: April 2022

The $$\mathbb Z$$
Z
-genus of a link L in $$S^3$$

S
3

is the minimal genus of a locally flat, embedded, connected surface in $$D^4$$

D
4

whose boundary is L and with the fundamental group of the complement infinite cyclic. We characterise the $$\mathbb Z$$
Z
-genus of boundary links in terms of their single variable Blanchfield forms, and we present some applications. In particular, we show that a variant of the shake genus of a knot, the $$\mathbb Z$$
Z
-shake genus, equals the $$\mathbb Z$$
Z
-genus of the knot.
Research on optimal allocation of water resources in the Western mining area of China based on WEAP
Authors: Li Cuiping , Tian Xiangjun , Cao Zhiguo , Wang Yong
Published: April 2022

In order to solve the problem of water resources shortage in the Western mining area of China and make it reasonably and effectively allocated, the optimal allocation model of water resources was established based on Water Evaluation and Planning System in this paper. This model simulated the water resources changes of 8 scenarios from 2015 to 2035. These scenarios are consisted of different economic growth, population changes, water saving and greening intensity. The optimal development scenario applicable to the mining area and the water resources allocation results corresponding to the scenario were determined by calculating the comprehensive benefits of society, economy and ecology. The results show that the optimal development scenario for the mining area is high-speed economic growth, powerful water saving and moderate greening. Under this scenario, the total water demand of the mining area will reach 39.73 million cubic meters by 2035, the demand shortage will be 1.7 million cubic meters, and the water shortage rate will be 4.28%. The water resources allocation result corresponding to this scenario can be used as a reference for decision makers, which can provide a scientific basis for the rational use of water resources in the Western mining area.
Domestic water and accumulating mercury toxicity in the kidney
Authors: Abdeldayem Raafat
Published: April 2022

Chronic kidney disorder may even be a significant health concern in Delta region particularly Dakahlia district, Egypt that’s characterized by permanent loss of kidney function through the years. Mercury considered as a silent threat to the environment and human life, through the world. This work purposes to access the effects of mercury overload in domestic water on the renal function. The study performed in spring 2019 on one hundred participants and conducted in two main areas that are getting ready to Lake Manzala. 100 ml of water, 40 ml of urine and 10 ml of blood samples from patients suffering from kidney diseases and healthy individuals as control group. These samples will be processed and analyzed to determine the incidence of active kidney disease. Mean levels of mercury in water, and urine samples of case group participants exceeded standard references and were significantly higher compared to control group (p = 0.0004 and 0.023 respectively) denoting more exposure to mercury. Proteinuria was significantly higher (p = 0.031) whereas, hemoglobin and hematocrit became significantly lower (p = 0.039 and 0.044 respectively) among case group participants which might be an indicator for kidney affection due to mercury exposure. Mercury overload in domestic water can cause renal impairment. The study showed that urinalysis for Proteinuria and hemoglobin values is commonly used as a screening test to detect kidney damage caused by mercury poisoning. Measures to prevent environmental pollutants and continuous monitoring of water sources in these districts are clearly necessary.
Improvement of the performance of NSGA-II and MOPSO algorithms in multi-objective optimization of urban water distribution networks based on modification of decision space
Authors: Zarei Negin , Azari Arash , Heidari Mohammad Mehdi
Published: April 2022

Water distribution networks require huge investment for construction. Involved people, especially researchers, are always seeking to find a way for decreasing costs and achieving an efficient design. One of the main factors of the network design is the selection of proper diameters based on costs and deficit of flow pressure and velocity in the network. The reduction in construction costs is accomplished by minimizing the diameter of network pipes which leads to the pressure drop in the network. Supplying proper pressure in nodes is one of the important design principles, and low pressure will not provide a complete water supply at the consumption site. Therefore, in this research, the problem of optimization in several sample networks was defined with the objectives of cost minimization and minimization of pressure deficit in the whole network. The EPANET software was used for hydraulic analysis of sample networks, and the multi-objective optimization process was performed by coding NSGA-II and MOPSO algorithms in the MATLAB software environment and linking them to EPANET. The cost function was initially defined only by considering the relationship between cost and diameter and the length of pipes, and in the next definition, the cost resulted by violation of the allowable pressure range was added to this function In both cases, the schedule for achieving the optimal answer was executed. The results showed that these algorithms have a high ability to find optimal solutions and are able to optimize the network in terms of cost and pressure by finding the appropriate pipe diameter. The time for reaching convergence was reduced by considering the cost of violation of the allowable pressure limits significantly and the optimal answer is obtained in a small number of repetitions. In NSGA-II and MOPSO algorithms in two-looped network with 20 and 30 iterations and run time of 0.66 and 0.8 s, respectively, and in Lansey network with 150 and 250 iterations and run time of 5.7 and 9.5 s, the optimal solutions were obtained.
TiO2 and its binary ZnTiO2 and ternary CdZnTiO2 nanocomposites as efficient photocatalysts for the organic dyes degradation
Authors: Khan Shakeel , Sadiq Muhammad , Kim Dae-sung , Ullah Mahboob , Muhammad Niaz
Published: April 2022

Large band gap and high electron–hole pair recombination rate limits practical application of TiO2 as a photocatalyst. Different methods are developed to remove or minimize the aforementioned limitations of TiO2. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles were coupled with ZnO and CdO to address the above-mentioned limitations and hence to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. TiO2, ZnTiO2 and CdZnTiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized by simple co-precipitation method. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and UV–visible spectrophotometry. Morphological analysis revealed that neat TiO2 is mostly agglomerated in spherical form. Their coupling with ZnO and CdO has increased the particle size. TEM analysis showed that CdZnTiO2 is highly crystalline having uniform mixing of CdO and ZnO particles with TiO2 in the ternary nanocomposite. The TEM images also showed that the sizes of the entire ternary CdZnTiO2 nanocomposites are mostly below 50 nm. XRD analysis confirmed the anatase TiO2, while the UV–visible analysis revealed the shifting toward higher wavelength. The band gap energy of TiO2 (2.65 eV) was decreased to 2.64 and 2.49 eV for ZnTiO2 and CdZnTiO2, respectively. The photodegradation results revealed that TiO2, ZnTiO2 and CdZnTiO2 degraded about 82, 90 and 94% methylene blue dye, respectively, within 120 min. Similarly, the CdZnTiO2 degraded 96% methyl orange dye within 100 min. It was observed that photodegradation of the dyes increases by increasing photocatalyst dosage and pH of the medium.
Assessment of arsenic sorption properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fecal samples for application as bioremediation tool
Authors: Bhakta Jatindra N. , Ohnishi Kouhei , Tsunemitsu Yuta , Ueno Daisei , Manna Krishnendu
Published: April 2022

Arsenic intoxication through contaminated water and food is a challenging problem worldwide. The objective of the present study was to isolate the As-resistant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and assess the As sorption stoichiometry of LAB to validate its practical application as a bioremediation tool. The present study isolated 50 As-resistant LAB colonies from human (HS1-25) and albino mice (MM1-25) fecal samples. Out of 50 As-resistant LAB, the HS12 isolate exhibited the highest As removal efficiency (0.021 mg/h/g). The As bioremediation kinetic study determined the contact time 10 min and the pH between 5 and 7 for optimum As biosorption from the water. The Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.993) was well fitted with the data than the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.876). The As bioaccumulation and scanning electron microscopy studies proved that binding of As onto cell membrane (0.000037 mg/g) and within the cell (0.000036 mg/g) are the mechanism of As sequestration of LAB HS12. The biosorption of As (2.28–20.37%) from fruit juice, soft drink and coffee as well as multimetals (0.025–0.179 mg/l; 16.22–98.69%) along with As (0.00024 mg/l) from water validated the practical application potential of HS12. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA amplicon (500 bp) of isolated potential HS12 LAB strains showed 97% similarity to Lactobacillus reuteri. Due to having As biosorption efficiency from water and liquid foods, it can be concluded that the human origin identified L. reuteri HS12 strain could be employed as a novel candidate of As bioremediation to safe environmental and human health.
Numerical assessment of Karun river influence on salinity intrusion in the Shatt Al-Arab river estuary, northwest of Arabian Gulf
Authors: Lafta Ali A.
Published: April 2022

The influence of Karun river inflow on salinity intrusion from the Arabian Gulf towards the upper reaches of the Shatt Al-Arab river estuary was evaluated by using Mike11, a one-dimensional numerical modeling technique. The simulations results indicated that, during the moderate and low flow conditions of the Shatt Al-Arab river, freshwater inflow from Karun river at 10 and 40 m3/s, respectively, could be capable of keeping salinity extent to not exceeded the confluence location of these two rivers. Additionally, the results indicated that in the case of a sharp decline of Karun river inflow, additional releasing of freshwater from the Tigris river can completely compensate for the Karun inflow. While in the case of cut off of Tigris river, the Karun inflow in the range of 60 m3/s could be able to keep salinity extent beyond the Abo Flous station during the simulation period. Furthermore, the possibility of discharging water with high levels of salinity from the farming projects located at the lower basin of Karun river towards the Shatt Al-Arab river estuary was taken into account. In such cases, the results suggested that during low and moderate flow conditions, freshwater inflow by about 250 and 225 m3/s, respectively, should be released from the Karun river to remains salinity extent below the Abo Flous location. A water management policy agreement between Iraq and Iran could be an effective solution to the salinity issue both in the Shatt Al-Arab river estuary as well as Karun river.
Parameters characterizing leakages from damaged water pipes in the aspect of environmental security
Authors: Iwanek Małgorzata
Published: April 2022

Leakages from buried water pipes can result in suffosion posing a threat to the environment and the infrastructure existing in cities. Leakage of water from a pressure pipe into a soil susceptible to suffosion is a very complex phenomenon, characterized by a number of different parameters. Taking into account all parameters in the empirical tests of the buried water pipe leakage is practically impossible. Thus, it is necessary to select them so that on the one hand it is possible to perform a physical simulation of the phenomenon, and on the other to obtain reliable results of investigations. According to the Pareto principle, it can be stated that a small group of factors—about 20%—has a crucial impact on the phenomenon. Therefore, in empirical tests of water outflow from the underground water supply system, it is enough to consider 20% of the parameters affecting the analyzed phenomenon. The purpose of this work was to select these parameters. The selection was based on two types of research—literature research and computer simulations using the FEFLOW v. 5.3 software. The research allowed to select 4 out of 19 parameters which impact on the effects of the phenomenon of water outflow from pressure pipe to a soil susceptible to suffosion turned out to be the most essential: a pressure in the pipe, a leak area, a saturated conductivity coefficient of soil and an uniformity coefficient of soil.
Efficient photodegradation of orange II dye by nickel oxide nanoparticles and nanoclay supported nickel oxide nanocomposite
Authors: Khan Naseer Ahmad , Saeed Khalid , Khan Idrees , Gul Tamanna , Sadiq Muhammad , Uddin Ala , Zekker Ivar
Published: April 2022

The Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) and Nickel oxide/Nanoclay nanocomposite (NiO/Nc NC) were synthesized by chemical reduction method and used for the photodegradation of Orange II dyes in aqueous solution. The synthesized samples were characterized through SEM, EDX, FTIR and TGA. The SEM analysis presented that the NiO NPs are spherical with irregular shapes and sizes. The size of particles is in the range of 100–400 nm. It was also observed that the NiO NPs are deposited on the surface of Nanoclay. The EDX study confirmed the formation of metal NPs and verify and purity. The FT-IR spectra of NiO and NiO/Nc NC presented peaks at 432 cm−1 and 504 cm−1, which correspond to NiO while peak at 1090–940 cm−1 is due to Si–O stretching vibration of orthosilicate anions and Si–O–Al groups. The photodegradation study illustrated that the NiO NPs and NiO/Nc NC degraded about 93 and 96% Orange II in aqueous medium, respectively within 20 min. The effect of various parameters like initial concentration of dyes, pH, recycled catalysts, and catalyst dosage were also studied.
Synthesis of barium oxide nanoparticles and its novel application as a catalyst for the photodegradation of malachite green dye
Authors: Naz Falak , Saeed Khalid
Published: April 2022

The synthesis of undoped barium oxide (BaO) and neodymium (Nd)-doped BaO nanoparticles (NPs) was carried out through the co-precipitation technique. The synthesis of cubic structure BaO NPs was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallite sizes calculated from X-rays diffractometric (XRD) results for undoped BaO and Nd-doped BaO were 10.50 nm and 10.04 nm, respectively. The morphological study and percent composition of synthesized NPs were investigated using a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the decomposition of precursor to BaO after annealing at ~ 500 °C. The band gap energy calculated for undoped BaO was 3.7 eV. The substitution of Nd to BaO decreased this value to 3.4 eV. The activation energy calculated for the doped BaO and undoped BaO was 16.5 kJ/mol and 22.5 kJ/mol, respectively. The Nd-doped BaO degraded about 96.4% dye, while the undoped BaO NPs degraded about 86.6% dye within 120 min. The synthesized BaO NPs were used as novel catalysts for the photodegradation of malachite green (MG) dye by varying irradiation time, catalyst dose, pH, temperatures and dye initial concentration. The maximum degradation efficiency was achieved at pH 4, catalyst dose 10 mg, dye initial concentration 50 ppm, and at a temperature of 50 °C. The dye degradation was also studied using the recovered catalysts.
A comparative study of groundwater vulnerability methods in a porous aquifer in Greece
Authors: Kirlas M. C. , Karpouzos D. Κ. , Georgiou P. E. , Katsifarakis K. L.
Published: April 2022

Groundwater vulnerability assessment is critical for the effective groundwater management, particularly in areas with significant anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture. In this study, seven different methods, namely, DRASTIC, Pesticide DRASTIC, SINTACS, Nitrate SINTACS, GOD, AVI, and SI, were implemented using Geographical Information System techniques in Nea Moudania aquifer, Chalkidiki, Greece, to evaluate and identify groundwater vulnerability zones. The study area was classified into five categories: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high vulnerability. The southern and south-western parts of the study area had the highest pollution potential; the corresponding potential is lower in the northern part. Furthermore, single-parameter sensitivity analysis has revealed that the vadose zone and the topography were the most influential parameters of the vulnerability indexes, while the hydraulic conductivity exhibited the lowest effective weight. Finally, nitrate concentrations, taken from 23 observation wells, were employed for the validation of the aforementioned seven methods, using the coefficient of determination (R2). Results showed that Pesticide DRASTIC and Nitrate SINTACS were the most accurate and efficient methods for the present study area, which is characterized by intense agricultural activities.
Review article on impact of groundwater contamination due to dumpsites using geophysical and physiochemical methods
Authors: Igboama Wilfred Nwabueze , Hammed Olaide S. , Fatoba Julius O. , Aroyehun Morufu T. , Ehiabhili John C.
Published: April 2022

Dumpsite is a widespread land meant or designed for deposition of waste and unwanted materials from household, institutions, industries or the environment and is generally open or covered with soil layer with or without liner at the bottom. Dump/landfill is a major source of contamination of groundwater. This study is therefore designed to review studies on the impact of groundwater contamination due to dumpsites using geophysical and physiochemical methods. The geophysical methods adopted by the studies under review are Electrical Resistivity, Electromagnetic Induction using Very-Low-Frequency and Seismic Refraction methods. The results obtained using the resistivity methods showed zones or area with low resistivity as leachate plume and fractured subsurface as contaminant pathways. The result was complimented by other geophysical techniques applied. The results obtained with the application of physiochemical analyses of leachate inferred various degrees of severe contamination of groundwater due to organics, salts and heavy metals. As such, consumption of such water is dangerous to human health. The review also showed that age of the dumps and the migration distance of the leachate are important factors that require consideration because of the closer the dumpsite the higher the concentration of the contaminant.
Flood risk analysis using gis-based analytical hierarchy process: a case study of Bitlis Province
Authors: Aydin Mehmet Cihan , Sevgi Birincioğlu Elif
Published: April 2022

Floods are the most common natural disasters on earth. Population growth with global warming and climate changes increases the impact of floods on people every year. Combating natural disasters such as floods is possible with effective disaster management. An effective disaster management can only be possible with a comprehensive risk analysis. Flood risks depend on many factors such as precipitation, flow, earth slope, soil structure, and population density. A holistic flood risk analysis considering all these factors will provide a more effective disaster management. This study focuses on an assessment of flood hazard analysis in Bitlis province of Turkey using analytical hierarchy method which is a multi-parameter modeling technique. Flood hazard zones were mapped according to the weight of the selected factor by using geographic information system. It is concluded that while especially the south-western regions are exposed to high flood risk due to high stream density and precipitation, the high slope and rugged nature of this region restrict the risk mainly to the vicinity of low elevation streams and high population regions.
Application of remote sensing and GIS to assess groundwater potential in the transboundary watershed of the Chott-El-Gharbi (Algerian–Moroccan border)
Authors: Derdour Abdessamed , Benkaddour Yacine , Bendahou Brahim
Published: April 2022

Remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become widely used in various fields around the world in recent years. In this paper; we attempt to delineate the groundwater potential zone in the transboundary watershed of Chott-El-Gharbi using the integration of RS, GIS methods. Eight influencing thematic layers viz. geology, rainfall, water table level, lineaments density, slope, drainage density, elevation, and land use/land cover were used. Afterward, Analytical Hierarchy Process technique, which offers good functionality for mapping the groundwater potentiality was used, where ranks and weights, assigned to each factor are computed statistically, based on their relative importance in terms of groundwater potential. Then, groundwater potential zones are classified into five categories namely excellent, high, medium, low, and very low zone, which represent 964.48 km2 (7.33%), 1467.30 km2 (11.15%), 7969.51 km2 (60.57%), 2639.52 km2 (20.06%), and 116.19 km2 (0.88%) of the study area, respectively. The very low potential region is found in the southern region of the study area, which is covered by mountains. Moreover, excellent groundwater potential zones are located at the central part of the region of Chott, which has quaternary formations where the infiltration is high. On the other hand, moderate and poor groundwater potential zones cover by the bare lands in the study area. Finally, the results were carefully validated with the yields data of various boreholes in the study area, which reveals an accuracy achievement of 72.41%. The finding of this research constitutes a valuable contribution towards the water resources management, and it forms a significant decision support tool for equitable and sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in the transboundary watershed of Chott-El-Gharbi. The study's findings will also serve as a benchmark for future research and studies, such as hydrogeological modeling.
Comparative review of outcomes: single-incision laparoscopic total extra-peritoneal sub-lay (SIL-TES) mesh repair versus laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair for ventral hernia
Authors: Wang Tingfeng , Tang Rui , Meng Xiangzhen , Zhang Yizhong , Huang Liangliang , Zhang Aili , Wu Weidong
Published: April 2022

To compare outcomes between single-incision laparoscopic totally extra-peritoneal sub-lay (SIL-TES) mesh repair and laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair of ventral hernia (VH). A retrospective selection of 104 patients who underwent VH repair (50 and 54 in the SIL-TES and IPOM groups, respectively) was made. Patient data were collected, and quality of life was evaluated using Carolinas Comfort Scale (CCS) 1 month and 3 months after surgery. There were no significant differences in sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, defect size, mesh area, estimated blood loss, and complication rate between the groups. Age was lower, body mass index was higher, prevalence of primary VH was significantly higher (p < 0.0001), and pain was less at 24 and 48 h post procedure (p < 0.0001) in the SIL-TES group. Drainage placement was more (p < 0.0001), operation time was shorter (p = 0.012), and hospitalization duration and total hospitalization cost were greater in the IPOM group than that in SIL-TES group (8.3 ± 0.3 vs 4.3 ± 0.4 days, p < 0.0001; $7126.9 ± 141.4 vs $2937.3 ± 58.3, p < 0.0001, respectively). Pain and movement limitation scores evaluated by CCS were significantly worse at 1 month (4.93 ± 0.28 vs 1.75 ± 0.28: p < 0.0001; 2.52 ± 0.24 vs 1.15 ± 0.18: p < 0.0001, respectively) and 3 months (4.32 ± 0.37 vs 0.9 ± 0.29: p < 0.0001; 2.06 ± 0.25 vs 0.69 ± 0.11: p < 0.0001, respectively) in IPOM group, compared with the according scores in SIL-TES group. There was no readmission within 30 days and no hernia recurrence at mean follow-up of 12 months. SIL-TES mesh repair is safe and effective and is superior to IPOM repair.
Understanding Technology-Induced Value Change: a Pragmatist Proposal
Authors: van de Poel Ibo , Kudina Olya
Published: April 2022

We propose a pragmatist account of value change that helps to understand how and why values sometimes change due to technological developments. Inspired by John Dewey’s writings on value, we propose to understand values as evaluative devices that carry over from earlier experiences and that are to some extent shared in society. We discuss the various functions that values fulfil in moral inquiry and propose a conceptual framework that helps to understand value change as the interaction between three manifestations of value distinguished by Dewey, i.e., “immediate value,” “values as the result of inquiry” and “generalized values.” We show how this framework helps to distinguish three types of value change: value dynamism, value adaptation, and value emergence, and we illustrate these with examples from the domain of technology. We argue that our account helps to better understand how technology may induce value change, namely through the creation of what Dewey calls indeterminate situations, and we show how our account can integrate several insights on (techno)moral change offered by other authors.
On the lower bounds of the partial sums of a Dirichlet series
Authors: Mora G. , Benítez E.
Published: April 2022

In this paper it is shown that for the ordinary Dirichlet series, $$\sum _{j=0}^{\infty }\frac{\alpha _{j}}{(j+1)^{s}}$$

∑

j
=
0

∞

α
j

(
j
+
1
)

s

, $$\alpha _{0}=1$$

α
0

=
1

, of a class, say $${\mathcal {P}}$$
P
, that contains in particular the series that define the Riemann zeta and the Dirichlet eta functions, there exists $$\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\rho _{n}/n$$

lim

n
→
∞

ρ
n

/
n

, where the $$\rho _{n}$$

ρ
n

’s are the Henry lower bounds of the partial sums of the given Dirichlet series, $$P_{n}(s)=\sum _{j=0}^{n-1}\frac{\alpha _{j}}{(j+1)^{s}}$$

P
n

(
s
)

=

∑

j
=
0

n
-
1

α
j

(
j
+
1
)

s

, $$n>2$$

n
>
2

. Likewise it is given an estimate of the above limit. For the series of $${\mathcal {P}}$$
P
having positive coefficients it is shown the existence of the $$\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }a_{P_{n}(s)}/n$$

lim

n
→
∞

a

P
n

(
s
)

/
n

, where the $$a_{P_{n}(s)}$$

a

P
n

(
s
)

’s are the lowest bounds of the real parts of the zeros of the partial sums. Furthermore it has been proved that $$\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }a_{P_{n}(s)}/n=\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\rho _{n}/n$$

lim

n
→
∞

a

P
n

(
s
)

/
n
=

lim

n
→
∞

ρ
n

/
n

.
The Mediating Impact of IT Capabilities on the Association between Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Agility: The Case of the Jordanian IT Sector
Authors: Awwad Abdulkareem Salameh , Ababneh Omar Mohammed Ali , Karasneh Mahmoud
Published: April 2022

This study suggests a novel progression to the current research endeavor by investigating the influence of information technology capabilities on organizational agility. More specifically, this study aims to fill the gaps found in previous studies and contribute to the current state of knowledge of this domain by focusing on the mediating role that IT capabilities play between dynamic capabilities and organizational agility. Toward that end, 270 Jordanian professionals working in supply chain management and operational departments were approached. Data were collected via distrusting a structured questionnaire that includes items assessing dynamic capabilities, IT capabilities, and organizational agility. The results demonstrated that IT capabilities significantly and positively mediated the relationship between resource-based dynamic capability and organizational agility. The study has also discussed several theoretical along with managerial implications of the research.
Two-step peer methods with equation-dependent coefficients
Authors: Conte Dajana , Pagano Giovanni , Paternoster Beatrice
Published: April 2022

We introduce a new class of explicit two-step peer methods with the aim of improving the stability properties of already existing peer methods, by making use of coefficients depending on the Jacobian of the Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) system to solve. Numerical tests highlight the best stability and accuracy properties of the new methods compared to the classical and equation-dependent ones proposed in Conte et al. (Lect Notes Comput Sci 12949:309–324, 2021).
Relationship between microstructure, mechanical and magnetic properties of pure iron produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) in the as-built and stress relieved conditions
Authors: Zanni Mattia , Ceschini Lorella , Fortunato Alessandro , Valli Giuseppe , Del Bianco Lucia , Spizzo Federico
Published: April 2022

In the present work, the mechanical and magnetic properties of pure iron manufactured by laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) were investigated both in the as-built (AB) and stress relieved (HT) conditions, with the aim of elucidating their relationship with the microstructure and evaluating whether and to what extent it can be suitable for industrial applications. The L-PBF process was optimized to obtain high density, crack-free components. Specimens for microstructural analyses, tensile and magnetic tests were manufactured under the optimized conditions and tested both in the as-built and annealed (850 °C for 1 h, to relieve the residual stresses) conditions. Tensile tests showed high tensile strength in both AB and HT conditions (larger than those of conventionally produced pure iron), with higher ductility and lower strength after stress relieving. The magnetic study indicated a not optimal magnetic softness although the heat treatment enhanced the permeability and reduced the coercivity with respect to the as-built condition. The high mechanical strength and low magnetic softness came from the very fine grain size (about 5 μm) of L-PBF pure iron. Instead, the improvement of magnetic softness and ductility after heat treatment was attributed to the possible reduction of dislocation density and consequent stress relief. The results indicated the possibility to achieve a considerably high mechanical strength, in pure iron manufactured by L-PBF, although the fine grain size limits its magnetic softness.
Ketamine treatment for depression: a review
Authors: Yavi Mani , Lee Holim , Henter Ioline D. , Park Lawrence T. , Zarate Carlos A.
Published: April 2022

This manuscript reviews the clinical evidence regarding single-dose intravenous (IV) administration of the novel glutamatergic modulator racemic (R,S)-ketamine (hereafter referred to as ketamine) as well as its S-enantiomer, intranasal esketamine, for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Initial studies found that a single subanesthetic-dose IV ketamine infusion rapidly (within one day) improved depressive symptoms in individuals with MDD and bipolar depression, with antidepressant effects lasting three to seven days. In 2019, esketamine received FDA approval as an adjunctive treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in adults. Esketamine was approved under a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) that requires administration under medical supervision. Both ketamine and esketamine are currently viable treatment options for TRD that offer the possibility of rapid symptom improvement. The manuscript also reviews ketamine’s use in other psychiatric diagnoses—including suicidality, obsessive–compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, and social anxiety disorder—and its potential adverse effects. Despite limited data, side effects for antidepressant-dose ketamine—including dissociative symptoms, hypertension, and confusion/agitation—appear to be tolerable and limited to around the time of treatment. Relatively little is known about ketamine’s longer-term effects, including increased risks of abuse and/or dependence. Attempts to prolong ketamine’s effects with combined therapy or a repeat-dose strategy are also reviewed, as are current guidelines for its clinical use. In addition to presenting a novel and valuable treatment option, studying ketamine also has the potential to transform our understanding of the mechanisms underlying mood disorders and the development of novel therapeutics.
Kinetic‐Size Magnetic Holes in the Terrestrial Foreshock Region
Authors: Huang S. Y. , Wei Y. Y. , Zhao J. S. , Yuan Z. G. , Deng X. H. , Jiang K. , Xu S. B. , Zhang J. , Xiong Q. Y. , Zhang Z. H. , Yu L. , Lin R. T.
Published: April 2022

Kinetic‐size magnetic holes (KSMHs) can accelerate and heat the particles, resulting the energy dissipation in space plasmas. KSMHs in the terrestrial foreshock region are statistically investigated based on the Magnetospheric Multiscale data from October 2015 to December 2019. A total of 98 KSMHs are successfully selected, and most of them are accompanied by electron vortices. The fluxes of electrons at ∼90° of pitch angle enhance inside the magnetic holes, where the perpendicular and total electron temperature increase, and the parallel electron temperature slightly decreases inside these magnetic holes. Moreover, we reveal a novel phenomenon that a lot of the observed KSMHs are probably moving toward the Sun in the plasma flow frame. Such sunward propagating KSMHs are detected for the first time in the foreshock region. We propose that these observed KSMHs are probably generated in the foreshock region and then propagate to the Sun.
Geomorphic Dating of Across‐Fault Gully Incision Reveals Time‐Invariant Late Quaternary Slip‐Rates at the Eastern Termination of the Altyn Tagh Fault
Authors: Wieler Nimrod , Mushkin Amit , Zhang Huiping , Sagy Amir , Porat Naomi , Shmilovitz Yuval , Ren Zhikun , Huang Feipeng , Shi Pilong , Liu Jinrui , Shelef Eitan
Published: April 2022

Interpretation of fault slip‐rates inferred from tectonically offset fluvial landforms is often limited by uncertainties associated with difficulties to explicitly date fluvial incision across the fault. Here, we employed morphology‐based modeling to ameliorate this universal dating limitation for gullies that were differentially offset in a sinistral sense across the Altyn Tagh Fault near its eastern termination at ∼97°E. Using a stream‐power erosion model with locally calibrated coefficients we calculated across‐fault gully incision ages that decrease with offset magnitude, are up to threefold younger than the age of the terrace they incised and all‐together point toward time‐invariant slip. Luminescence dating of offset alluvial terraces at the same site suggests constant sinistral slip at 0.5 ± 0.1 mm/yr since 52 ± 4 ka. Our results suggest that the most juvenile phase of northeastward Pleistocene expansion of the Tibetan Plateau into previously stable parts of central Asia is marked by constant late Quaternary deformation rates.
Analytical Prediction of Scattering Properties of Spheroidal Dust Particles With Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Jun , Gomes Joe , Dubovik Oleg , Yang Ping , Saito Masanori
Published: April 2022

A neural network (NN) model is trained with a database widely used in the aerosol remote sensing community to rapidly predict the single‐scattering optical properties of spheroidal dust particles. Analytical solutions for their Jacobians with respect to microphysical properties are derived based on the functional form of the NN. The Jacobian predictions are improved by adding Jacobians from a linearized T‐matrix model into the training. Out‐of‐database testing implies that NN‐based predictions perform better than the business‐as‐usual method that interpolates optical properties from the database. Independent validation further demonstrates the efficacy of the NN‐based predictions by reducing computational costs while maintaining accuracy. This work represents the first use of machine learning‐based function approximation to computationally expedite the application of the existing spheroidal dust properties database; the resultant NN model can be implemented in atmospheric models and satellite retrieval algorithms with high accuracy, computational efficiency, and the rigor of analytical solutions.
Greenstone‐Up Shear Sense at the Margin of the Mt Edgar Dome, East Pilbara Terrane: Implications for Dome and Keel Formation in the Early Earth
Authors: Roberts Nicolas M. , Tikoff Basil , Salerno Ross A.
Published: April 2022

The Paleoarchean Mt Edgar dome in the East Pilbara Terrane has long been studied as an archetypal dome within Archean dome‐and‐keel terranes, but the history of its formation is debated. Kinematic data presented in this study provide new insights into the late‐stage development of the Mt Edgar dome and East Pilbara Terrane. Quartz crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO), optical microstructures, and field structures all indicate that the granite‐greenstone contact of the Mt Edgar dome experienced reverse (greenstone‐up, dome‐down) sense of shear after the formation of the dominant schistosity. This reverse sense of shear is observed at localities along the entire extent of the sheared margin that rings most of the Mt Edgar dome, but is best documented along the southwest margin in the Warrawoona Greenstone Belt. Additionally, quartz CPO data from a dome triple junction outside of the sheared margin dominantly indicate a constrictional strain geometry, consistent with the previous interpretation that this area represents a zone of vertical foundering in a buoyancy‐instability driven system. However, buoyancy‐instability models do not necessarily predict the occurrence of greenstone‐up sense of shear preserved in solid‐state fabrics along the dome margin. Several geologic explanations are considered, including dome expansion or post‐doming deformation. The data are most consistent with explanations that directly relate to dome formation, especially when considered in tandem with recently published structural data from within the Mt Edgar dome. These kinematic data suggest that late dome development occurred in a near‐static crustal environment rather than an extensional or contractional setting.
A Study in Blue: Secondary Copper‐Rich Minerals and Their Associated Bacterial Diversity in Icelandic Lava Tubes
Authors: Kopacz Nina , Csuka Joleen , Baqué Mickael , Iakubivskyi Iaroslav , Guðlaugardóttir Hrefna , Klarenberg Ingeborg J. , Ahmed Mahid , Zetterlind Alexandra , Singh Abhijeet , ten Kate Inge Loes , Hellebrand Eric , Stockwell Brent R. , Stefánsson Árni B. , Vilhelmsson Oddur , Neubeck Anna , Schnürer Anna , Geppert Wolf
Published: April 2022

Lava tubes on Mars hold exciting potential for the preservation of biosignatures, which may survive on geological timescales in these isolated, stable environments. To support the development of future astrobiological mission concepts, we turn to terrestrial lava tubes, host to a variety of microbial communities and secondary minerals. Following a multidisciplinary sampling protocol, we retrieved biological, molecular, and mineralogical data from several lava tubes in Iceland. We report on blue‐colored copper‐rich secondary minerals and their associated bacterial communities using a multi‐method approach, and an amalgam of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy data sets. We found numerous bacterial genera known for their high metal resistance and ability to survive in low‐nutrient environments. Both are characteristics to be expected for any potential life in Martian lava tubes, and should be considered when checking for contaminants in Mars mission preparations. Associated with the microbial mats, we identified several types of copper‐rich secondary minerals, indicating localized copper enrichments in the groundwater, possibly stemming from overlying ash deposits and nearby hyaloclastite formations. Molecular analysis revealed carotenoid signals preserved within the copper speleothems. If found in Martian lava tubes, blue copper‐rich mineral precipitates would be deserving of astrobiological investigation, as they have potential to preserve biosignatures and harbor life.
Tropical and Subtropical Pacific Sources of the Asymmetric El Niño‐La Niña Decay and Their Future Changes
Authors: Chen Jiepeng , Yu Jin‐Yi , Chen Sheng , Wang Xin , Xiao Ziniu , Fang Shih‐Wei
Published: April 2022

El Niños (EN) are known to decay more rapidly, while La Niñas (LN) tend to decay more slowly. Observational analyses and coupled model experiments are conducted to show that sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the subtropical northeastern Pacific (SNEP) and equatorial western Pacific (EWP) are key factors to determine the decay pace of the EN and LN and their asymmetry. In the present climate the LN produces larger cold SST anomalies over the regions than the warm SST anomalies produced by the EN. The magnitude difference over the SNEP and EWP helps to slow down the LN decay via subtropical footprinting and tropical thermocline variation mechanisms, respectively. Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models project the magnitude differences of SNEP SST anomalies between EN and LN to reduce in the future warming world, causing the asymmetric EN‐LN decay to weaken.
Multisatellite Observations of Ion Holes in the Earth's Plasma Sheet
Authors: Wang R. , Vasko I. Y. , Artemyev A. V. , Holley L. C. , Kamaletdinov S. R. , Lotekar A. , Mozer F. S.
Published: April 2022

We present the first observations of electrostatic solitary waves with electrostatic potential of negative polarity around a fast plasma flow in the Earth's plasma sheet. The solitary waves are observed aboard four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft, which allowed accurately estimating solitary wave properties. Based on a data set of 153 solitary waves, we show that they are locally one‐dimensional Debye‐scale structures with amplitudes up to 20% of local electron temperature and they propagate at plasma frame speeds ranging from a tenth to a few ion‐acoustic speeds at arbitrary angles to the local magnetic field. The solitary waves are associated with multi‐component proton distributions and their velocities are around those of a beam‐like proton population. We argue that the solitary waves are ion holes, nonlinear structures produced by ion‐streaming instabilities, and conclude that once ions are not magnetized, ion holes can propagate oblique to local magnetic field.
Contact Angles of a Brine on a Bituminous Coal in Compressed Hydrogen
Authors: Sedev Rossen , Akhondzadeh Hamed , Ali Mujahid , Keshavarz Alireza , Iglauer Stefan
Published: April 2022

Hydrogen storage is a main issue in the establishment of a hydrogen economy. Geo‐storage could be a viable solution if hydrogen could be injected into and withdrawn from suitable geological formations, reversibly and reliably. Rock wettability is a major factor as it affects injectivities, withdrawal rates, storage capacities, and containment security. We report here the contact angles of a brine on the surface of a bituminous coal in a pressurized hydrogen atmosphere. Under realistic geo‐storage conditions the coal surface was weakly water‐wet. Hydrogen pressure increased brine contact angles at 25°C but did not have an impact at 50 or 70°C. We present a thermodynamic model that describes the observed behavior. Our results would support the development of large‐scale geo‐storage technologies for hydrogen.