bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cereal production in Africa: the threat of current plant pathogens in changing climate-a review
Authors: Benjamin Joshua , Oyedokun David Olayinka , Oziegbe Emmanuel Victor , Oni Joshua , Ogundare Emmanuel Boluwatife , Ujah Godswill Ofuowoichoyama , Adebayo Aminat
Published: July 2024

In Sub-Saharan Africa, cereals are threatened by stress-inducing microbial pathogens and parasites such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes leading to significant losses. Mycotoxin-producing fungi like Fusarium graminearum induce head blight disease causing 30–70% of yield losses in wheat. In comparison, Fusarium verticillioides accounts for ear rot diseases that account for 13–70% of maize yield losses in Sub-Saharan Africa. Outbreaks of the devastating rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae have caused up to 48% yield losses of rice in Kenya. The grey leaf spot fungus, C. zeina, gradually becomes a threat to maize production, causing a 65% yield loss in South Africa. Maize smut and ergot-causing pathogens, Sporisorium ehrenbergii and Claviceps africana, under mildly humid and cold climatic conditions, impact grain quality and market value. The maize streak virus predominantly ravages maize fields all over Sub-Saharan Africa causing 30–100% yield losses while the diseases caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has led to 10 to 50% yield losses in rice production. In Nigeria, nematode pathogens like Pratylenchus spp have been reported to cause yield losses of up to 27% in maize production. This review fundamentally discusses these cereal pathogens and their current and future impact in the face of climate change in Africa. We seriously emphasize the need for more simulation studies on each of these pathogens across Sub-Saharan Africa and their potential impact under current and future climate change scenarios.
Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Monoon longifolium leave extract for biological applications
Authors: Bekele Sisay Geda , Ganta Dawit Darcha , Endashaw Muluneh
Published: July 2024

The present study deals with the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using the Monoonlongifolium (M. longifolium) leaf extract. The prepared ZnO NPs were characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, TGA/DTA, and SEM. The synthesis parameters, such as plant extract volume (10–50 mL), heating duration (15 min), zinc nitrate concentration (1 mM), reaction time (1 h), and temperature (60 °C), were optimized. The synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcusaureus (22 ± 0.57 mm) and Escherichiacoli (19 ± 1 mm), as well as antifungal activity against Candidaalbicans (21 ± 0.16 mm), as determined by the agar-well-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO-NPs against S. aureus (6.25µg/mL) and E. coli (12.5 µg/mL), respectively, while the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was 25 µg/mL against Candidaalbicans. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the ZnO NPs ranged from 0 to 78% (IC50 = 12.5 μg/mL). These results demonstrate the potential of the synthesized ZnO NPs as effective antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant agents.
A Global Marine Sediment Compilation and a Cerium Anomaly Perspective on Metasomatized Mantle Sources for REE‐Mineralized Carbonatites
Authors: Anenburg Michael , Liu Yan
Published: July 2024

Rare earth elements (REE) are vital for powerful permanent magnets used in electric motors and wind turbines. These elements are chiefly sourced from carbonatites and their weathering products. The economic attractiveness of carbonatites is explained by the 10,000‐fold enrichment of REE in their mineralized portions relative to the average continental crust. Carbonatites form from mantle‐derived melts, but the ultimate origin of their REE is not completely clear. One widely cited model invokes subduction of marine sediments which accumulate REE‐rich material, priming the mantle to produce REE‐rich carbonatite melts which subsequently form deposits in the upper crust. Here we examine a global marine sediment compilation, revealing a wide variety in REE abundances and patterns. We use the sensitive lambda method that separates REE pattern curvature from redox‐related element anomalies to examine both marine sediments and presumably derived carbonatite rocks. We find that the most REE‐rich marine sediments are characterized by strongly negative Ce anomalies, which if recycled via subduction, mineralized carbonatites are expected to inherit. In contrast, we find that mineralized carbonatite rocks do not contain Ce anomalies. This indicates that the REE from the most REE‐rich marine sediments are not recycled into carbonatite deposits, and a different REE source is needed to explain carbonatite fertilities. We also find evidence that raises questions on whether any sediment‐derived REE are present in carbonatite deposits to a significant amount. We suggest that a REE‐rich source may not be required and REE enrichment occurs primarily during crustal magmatic differentiation.
A Conceptual Framework to Assess Post‐Wildfire Water Quality: State of the Science and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Elliott Sarah M. , Hornberger Michelle I. , Rosenberry Donald O. , Frus Rebecca J. , Webb Richard M.
Published: July 2024

Wildfire substantially alters aquatic ecosystems by inducing moderate to catastrophic physical and chemical changes. However, the relations of environmental and watershed variables that drive those effects are complex. We present a Driver‐Factor‐Stressor‐Effect (DFSE) conceptual framework to assess the current state of the science related to post‐wildfire water‐quality. We reviewed 64 peer‐reviewed papers using the DFSE framework to identify drivers, factors, stressors, and effects associated with each study. A total of five drivers were identified and ranked according to their frequency of occurrence in the literature: atmospheric processes > fire characteristics > ecologic processes and characteristics > land surface characteristics > soil characteristics. Commonly reported stressors include increased nutrients, runoff, and sediment transport. Furthermore, although several different factors have been used at least once to explain water‐quality effects, relatively few factors outside of precipitation and fire characteristics are frequently studied. We identified several gaps indicating the need for long‐term monitoring, multi‐factor studies, consideration of organic contaminants, consideration of groundwater, and inclusion of soil characteristics. This assessment expands on other reviews and meta‐analyses by exploring causal linkages between influential variables and overall effects in post‐wildfire watersheds. Information gathered from our assessment and the framework itself can be used to inform future monitoring plans and as a guide for modeling efforts focused on better understanding specific processes or to mitigate potential risks of post‐wildfire water quality.
Geochemical Split Among the Suspended and Mud Sediments in the Nethravati River: Insights to Compositional Similarity of Peninsular Gneiss and the Deccan Basalt Derived Sediments, and Its Implications on Tracing the Provenance in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Gurumurthy G. P.
Published: July 2024

Major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) geochemistry of sediments from a tropical mountain river is investigated to understand the behavior of chemical elements during weathering and transportation in a Peninsular Gneissic terrain. The results from this study are compared with the Deccan Basalt‐derived River sediments and the eastern Arabian Sea sediments with an intent to highlight the challenges associated with the provenance determination of sediments along the continental margin of India. The geochemistry of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and mud sediments (<63 μm) of the Nethravati River indicate that sediments are derived from a relatively homogenous lithology, characterized by intermediate rocks of tonalitic (low‐Al TTGs) composition. The tectonic origin of the source rocks discriminated using sediment geochemistry suggests an ocean island arc origin. The sediments experience intense chemical weathering in the source region. The elemental composition and their inter‐element relationships suggest differential chemical weathering of mineral phases fractionate mafic components and their secondary mineral products in SPM, and mixed sources dominated by felsic components and their secondary mineral products in mud sediments. Intense chemical weathering induces significant geochemical splits among the suspended and mud sediments. The transport of mafic‐biased sediments from Peninsular India to Oceans, and the geochemical similarity with Deccan Basalt‐derived sediments makes it challenging to track the Peninsular Gneiss‐derived sediment provenance along the continental margin of India using conventional elemental geochemistry. The inferences from this study have important implications for determining the sediment provenance along the continental margin of India.
A Virtual Solar Wind Monitor at Mars With Uncertainty Quantification Using Gaussian Processes
Authors: Azari A. R. , Abrahams E. , Sapienza F. , Halekas J. , Biersteker J. , Mitchell D. L. , Pérez F. , Marquette M. , Rutala M. J. , Bowers C. F. , Jackman C. M. , Curry S. M.
Published: July 2024

Single spacecraft missions do not measure the pristine solar wind continuously because of the spacecrafts' orbital trajectory. The infrequent spatiotemporal cadence of measurement fundamentally limits conclusions about solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling throughout the solar system. At Mars, such single spacecraft missions result in limitations for assessing the solar wind's role in causing lower altitude observations, such as auroral dynamics or atmospheric loss. In this work, we detail the development of a virtual solar wind monitor from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission; a single spacecraft. This virtual solar wind monitor provides a continuous estimate of the solar wind upstream from Mars with uncertainties. We specifically employ Gaussian process regression to estimate the upstream solar wind and uncertainty estimations that scale with the data sparsity of our real observations. This proxy enables continuous solar wind estimation at Mars with representative uncertainties for the majority of the time since late 2014. We conclude by discussing suggested uses of this virtual solar wind monitor for statistical studies of the Mars space environment and heliosphere.
A Self‐Supervised Learning Framework for Seismic Low‐Frequency Extrapolation
Authors: Cheng Shijun , Wang Yi , Zhang Qingchen , Harsuko Randy , Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: July 2024

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is capable of generating high‐resolution subsurface parameter models, but it is susceptible to cycle‐skipping when the data lack low‐frequency components. Unfortunately, such components (<5.0 Hz) are often tainted by noise in real seismic exploration, which hinders the application of FWI. To address this issue, we develop a novel self‐supervised low‐frequency extrapolation method that does not require labeled data, enabling neural networks to be trained directly on real data. In the proposed approach, the neural network training is divided into two stages: warm‐up and iterative data refinement (IDR). In the IDR stage, the pseudo‐labels for the current epoch are derived from the predictions made by the network trained in the previous epoch on the original observed data. The IDR stage gradually narrows the gap between the predicted pseudo‐label and the ideal ground truth, thereby enhancing the network's low‐frequency extrapolation performance. This paradigm effectively addresses the significant generalization gap often encountered using supervised learning techniques, which are typically trained on synthetic data. We validate the effectiveness of our method on both synthetic and field data. The results demonstrate that our method effectively extrapolates low‐frequency components, aiding in circumventing the challenges of cycle‐skipping in FWI. Meanwhile, by integrating a self‐supervised denoiser, our method effectively and simultaneously performs denoising and low‐frequency extrapolation on noisy data. Furthermore, we showcase the potential application of our method in extending the ultralow frequency components of the large‐scale collected earthquake seismogram.
Beyond first impressions: the importance of seeing the whole person
Authors: Raby Meg , Kong Michele
Published: July 2024

The power of a first impression and the trajectory it can set an individual on is something that impacts all people, and especially those with invisible disabilities. Societal norms and pragmatics are centered around neurotypical individuals and do not consider the perspective and neurology of the neurodivergent. What is the social norm for society can literally be impossible or physically uncomfortable for the neurodivergent, resulting in a mismatched doctor-patient relationship, an unintentionally inaccurate plan of care, or even a missed chance at a successful hire. We are presently in the neurodivergent movement where intentional inclusive practices are happening. First impressions coupled with curiosity and a better understanding of neurodivergence, could be the answer to a more positive relationship and outcome for all, no matter the situation or environment.
Biogenesis of specialized lysosomes in differentiated keratinocytes relies on close apposition with the Golgi apparatus
Authors: Mahanty Sarmistha , Bergam Ptissam , Belapurkar Vivek , Eluvathingal Litralson , Gupta Nikita , Goud Bruno , Nair Deepak , Raposo Graça , Setty Subba Rao Gangi
Published: July 2024

Intracellular organelles support cellular physiology in diverse conditions. In the skin, epidermal keratinocytes undergo differentiation with gradual changes in cellular physiology, accompanying remodeling of lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus. However, it was not known whether changes in Golgi and lysosome morphology and their redistribution were linked. Here, we show that disassembled Golgi is distributed in close physical apposition to lysosomes in differentiated keratinocytes. This atypical localization requires the Golgi tethering protein GRASP65, which is associated with both the Golgi and lysosome membranes. Depletion of GRASP65 results in the loss of Golgi-lysosome apposition and the malformation of lysosomes, defined by their aberrant morphology, size, and function. Surprisingly, a trans-Golgi enzyme and secretory Golgi cargoes are extensively localized to the lysosome lumen and secreted to the cell surface, contributing to total protein secretion of differentiated keratinocytes but not in proliferative precursors, indicating that lysosomes acquire specialization during differentiation. We further demonstrate that the secretory function of the Golgi apparatus is critical to maintain keratinocyte lysosomes. Our study uncovers a novel form of Golgi-lysosome cross-talk and its role in maintaining specialized secretory lysosomes in differentiated keratinocytes.
Cell atlas of the regenerating human liver after portal vein embolization
Authors: Brazovskaja Agnieska , Gomes Tomás , Holtackers Rene , Wahle Philipp , Körner Christiane , He Zhisong , Schaffer Theresa , Eckel Julian Connor , Hänsel René , Santel Malgorzata , Seimiya Makiko , Denecke Timm , Dannemann Michael , Brosch Mario , Hampe Jochen , Seehofer Daniel , Damm Georg , Camp J. Gray , Treutlein Barbara
Published: July 2024

The liver has the remarkable capacity to regenerate. In the clinic, regeneration is induced by portal vein embolization, which redirects portal blood flow, resulting in liver hypertrophy in locations with increased blood supply, and atrophy of embolized segments. Here, we apply single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics on healthy, hypertrophied, and atrophied patient-derived liver samples to explore cell states in the regenerating liver. Our data unveils pervasive upregulation of genes associated with developmental processes, cellular adhesion, and inflammation in post-portal vein embolization liver, disrupted portal-central hepatocyte zonation, and altered cell subtype composition of endothelial and immune cells. Interlineage crosstalk analysis reveals mesenchymal cells as an interaction hub between immune and endothelial cells, and highlights the importance of extracellular matrix proteins in liver regeneration. Moreover, we establish tissue-scale iterative indirect immunofluorescence imaging for high-dimensional spatial analysis of perivascular microenvironments, uncovering changes to tissue architecture in regenerating liver lobules. Altogether, our data is a rich resource revealing cellular and histological changes in human liver regeneration.
Molecular and structural basis of the chromatin remodeling activity by Arabidopsis DDM1
Authors: Osakabe Akihisa , Takizawa Yoshimasa , Horikoshi Naoki , Hatazawa Suguru , Negishi Lumi , Sato Shoko , Berger Frédéric , Kakutani Tetsuji , Kurumizaka Hitoshi
Published: July 2024

The histone H2A variant H2A.W occupies transposons and thus prevents access to them in Arabidopsis thaliana. H2A.W is deposited by the chromatin remodeler DDM1, which also promotes the accessibility of chromatin writers to heterochromatin by an unknown mechanism. To shed light on this question, we solve the cryo-EM structures of nucleosomes containing H2A and H2A.W, and the DDM1-H2A.W nucleosome complex. These structures show that the DNA end flexibility of the H2A nucleosome is higher than that of the H2A.W nucleosome. In the DDM1-H2A.W nucleosome complex, DDM1 binds to the N-terminal tail of H4 and the nucleosomal DNA and increases the DNA end flexibility of H2A.W nucleosomes. Based on these biochemical and structural results, we propose that DDM1 counters the low accessibility caused by nucleosomes containing H2A.W to enable the maintenance of repressive epigenetic marks on transposons and prevent their activity.
Air pollution disproportionately impairs beneficial invertebrates: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ryalls James M. W. , Bishop Jacob , Mofikoya Adedayo O. , Bromfield Lisa M. , Nakagawa Shinichi , Girling Robbie D.
Published: July 2024

Air pollution has the potential to disrupt ecologically- and economically-beneficial services provided by invertebrates, including pollination and natural pest regulation. To effectively predict and mitigate this disruption requires an understanding of how the impacts of air pollution vary between invertebrate groups. Here we conduct a global meta-analysis of 120 publications comparing the performance of different invertebrate functional groups in unpolluted and polluted atmospheres. We focus on the pollutants ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. We show that beneficial invertebrate performance is reduced by air pollution, whereas the performance of plant pest invertebrates is not significantly affected. Ozone pollution has the most detrimental impacts, and these occur at concentrations below national and international air quality standards. Changes in invertebrate performance are not dependent on air pollutant concentrations, indicating that even low levels of pollution are damaging. Predicted increases in tropospheric ozone could result in unintended consequences to global invertebrate populations and their valuable ecological services.
The transcriptional co-repressor Runx1t1 is essential for MYCN-driven neuroblastoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Murray Jayne E. , Valli Emanuele , Milazzo Giorgio , Mayoh Chelsea , Gifford Andrew J. , Fletcher Jamie I. , Xue Chengyuan , Jayatilleke Nisitha , Salehzadeh Firoozeh , Gamble Laura D. , Rouaen Jourdin R. C. , Carter Daniel R. , Forgham Helen , Sekyere Eric O. , Keating Joanna , Eden Georgina , Allan Sophie , Alfred Stephanie , Kusuma Frances K. , Clark Ashleigh , Webber Hannah , Russell Amanda J. , de Weck Antoine , Kile Benjamin T. , Santulli Martina , De Rosa Piergiuseppe , Fleuren Emmy D. G. , Gao Weiman , Wilkinson-White Lorna , Low Jason K. K. , Mackay Joel P. , Marshall Glenn M. , Hilton Douglas J. , Giorgi Federico M. , Koster Jan , Perini Giovanni , Haber Michelle , Norris Murray D.
Published: July 2024

MYCN oncogene amplification is frequently observed in aggressive childhood neuroblastoma. Using an unbiased large-scale mutagenesis screen in neuroblastoma-prone transgenic mice, we identify a single germline point mutation in the transcriptional corepressor Runx1t1, which abolishes MYCN-driven tumorigenesis. This loss-of-function mutation disrupts a highly conserved zinc finger domain within Runx1t1. Deletion of one Runx1t1 allele in an independent Runx1t1 knockout mouse model is also sufficient to prevent MYCN-driven neuroblastoma development, and reverse ganglia hyperplasia, a known pre-requisite for tumorigenesis. Silencing RUNX1T1 in human neuroblastoma cells decreases colony formation in vitro, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, RUNX1T1 knockdown inhibits the viability of PAX3-FOXO1 fusion-driven rhabdomyosarcoma and MYC-driven small cell lung cancer cells. Despite the role of Runx1t1 in MYCN-driven tumorigenesis neither gene directly regulates the other. We show RUNX1T1 forms part of a transcriptional LSD1-CoREST3-HDAC repressive complex recruited by HAND2 to enhancer regions to regulate chromatin accessibility and cell-fate pathway genes.
Natural variation of TBR confers plant zinc toxicity tolerance through root cell wall pectin methylesterification
Authors: Zhong Kaizhen , Zhang Peng , Wei Xiangjin , Platre Matthieu Pierre , He Wenrong , Zhang Ling , Małolepszy Anna , Cao Min , Hu Shikai , Tang Shaoqing , Li Baohai , Hu Peisong , Busch Wolfgang
Published: July 2024

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient but can be cytotoxic when present in excess. Plants have evolved mechanisms to tolerate Zn toxicity. To identify genetic loci responsible for natural variation of plant tolerance to Zn toxicity, we conduct genome-wide association studies for root growth responses to high Zn and identify 21 significant associated loci. Among these loci, we identify Trichome Birefringence (TBR) allelic variation determining root growth variation in high Zn conditions. Natural alleles of TBR determine TBR transcript and protein levels which affect pectin methylesterification in root cell walls. Together with previously published data showing that pectin methylesterification increase goes along with decreased Zn binding to cell walls in TBR mutants, our findings lead to a model in which TBR allelic variation enables Zn tolerance through modulating root cell wall pectin methylesterification. The role of TBR in Zn tolerance is conserved across dicot and monocot plant species.
PARG is essential for Polθ-mediated DNA end-joining by removing repressive poly-ADP-ribose marks
Authors: Vekariya Umeshkumar , Minakhin Leonid , Chandramouly Gurushankar , Tyagi Mrityunjay , Kent Tatiana , Sullivan-Reed Katherine , Atkins Jessica , Ralph Douglas , Nieborowska-Skorska Margaret , Kukuyan Anna-Mariya , Tang Hsin-Yao , Pomerantz Richard T. , Skorski Tomasz
Published: July 2024

DNA polymerase theta (Polθ)-mediated end-joining (TMEJ) repairs DNA double-strand breaks and confers resistance to genotoxic agents. How Polθ is regulated at the molecular level to exert TMEJ remains poorly characterized. We find that Polθ interacts with and is PARylated by PARP1 in a HPF1-independent manner. PARP1 recruits Polθ to the vicinity of DNA damage via PARylation dependent liquid demixing, however, PARylated Polθ cannot perform TMEJ due to its inability to bind DNA. PARG-mediated de-PARylation of Polθ reactivates its DNA binding and end-joining activities. Consistent with this, PARG is essential for TMEJ and the temporal recruitment of PARG to DNA damage corresponds with TMEJ activation and dissipation of PARP1 and PAR. In conclusion, we show a two-step spatiotemporal mechanism of TMEJ regulation. First, PARP1 PARylates Polθ and facilitates its recruitment to DNA damage sites in an inactivated state. PARG subsequently activates TMEJ by removing repressive PAR marks on Polθ.
Active learning streamlines development of high performance catalysts for higher alcohol synthesis
Authors: Suvarna Manu , Zou Tangsheng , Chong Sok Ho , Ge Yuzhen , Martín Antonio J. , Pérez-Ramírez Javier
Published: July 2024

Developing efficient catalysts for syngas-based higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) remains a formidable research challenge. The chain growth and CO insertion requirements demand multicomponent materials, whose complex reaction dynamics and extensive chemical space defy catalyst design norms. We present an alternative strategy by integrating active learning into experimental workflows, exemplified via the FeCoCuZr catalyst family. Our data-aided framework streamlines navigation of the extensive composition and reaction condition space in 86 experiments, offering >90% reduction in environmental footprint and costs over traditional programs. It identifies the Fe65Co19Cu5Zr11catalyst with optimized reaction conditions to attain higher alcohol productivities of 1.1 gHAh−1gcat−1under stable operation for 150 h on stream, a 5-fold improvement over typically reported yields. Characterization reveals catalytic properties linked to superior activities despite moderate higher alcohol selectivities. To better reflect catalyst demands, we devise multi-objective optimization to maximize higher alcohol productivity while minimizing undesired CO2and CH4selectivities. An intrinsic trade-off between these metrics is uncovered, identifying Pareto-optimal catalysts not readily discernible by human experts. Finally, based on feature-importance analysis, we formulate data-informed guidelines to develop performance-specific FeCoCuZr systems. This approach goes beyond existing HAS catalyst design strategies, is adaptable to broader catalytic transformations, and fosters laboratory sustainability.
3D printable and biocompatible PEDOT:PSS-ionic liquid colloids with high conductivity for rapid on-demand fabrication of 3D bioelectronics
Authors: Oh Byungkook , Baek Seunghyeok , Nam Kum Seok , Sung Changhoon , Yang Congqi , Lim Young-Soo , Ju Min Sang , Kim Soomin , Kim Taek-Soo , Park Sung-Min , Park Seongjun , Park Steve
Published: July 2024

3D printing has been widely used for on-demand prototyping of complex three-dimensional structures. In biomedical applications, PEDOT:PSS has emerged as a promising material in versatile bioelectronics due to its tissue-like mechanical properties and suitable electrical properties. However, previously developed PEDOT:PSS inks have not been able to fully utilize the advantages of commercial 3D printing due to its long post treatment times, difficulty in high aspect ratio printing, and low conductivity. We propose a one-shot strategy for the fabrication of PEDOT:PSS ink that is able to simultaneously achieve on-demand biocompatibility (no post treatment), structural integrity during 3D printing for tall three-dimensional structures, and high conductivity for rapid-prototyping. By using ionic liquid-facilitated PEDOT:PSS colloidal stacking induced by a centrifugal protocol, a viscoplastic PEDOT:PSS-ionic liquid colloidal (PILC) ink was developed. PILC inks exhibit high-aspect ratio vertical stacking, omnidirectional printability for generating suspended architectures, high conductivity (~286 S/cm), and high-resolution printing (~50 µm). We demonstrate the on-demand and versatile applicability of PILC inks through the fabrication of 3D circuit boards, on-skin physiological signal monitoring e-tattoos, and implantable bioelectronics (opto-electrocorticography recording, low voltage sciatic nerve stimulation and recording from deeper brain layers via 3D vertical spike arrays).
Corrosion behavior of the second phase in Mg–9Gd–3Y–2Zn–0.5Zr alloy under simulated coastal storage environment
Authors: Chen Junhang , Zhang Chao , Hu Zhihao , Tan Yao , Zou Shiwen , Gao Jin , Zhang Xin , Xiao Kui
Published: July 2024

The Mg–9Gd–3Y–2Zn–0.5Zr alloy was studied for its long-term corrosion behavior in a simulated coastal storage environment. The results show that the Mg12 (Y, Gd) Zn phase in the Mg–9Gd–3Y–2Zn–0.5Zr alloy forms a galvanic couple with α-Mg, and the Mg12 (Y, Gd) Zn phase acts as a cathode to accelerate α-Mg during the corrosion initiation period. The corrosion of the anode is subsequently transformed into corrosive dissolution of the anode. With the dissolution of the Mg12 (Y, Gd) Zn phase, elements such as Gd and Y are gradually distributed into the entire corrosion product layer, improving the protective performance of the corrosion product layer by forming dense Gd2O3 and Y2O3.
Why are clams steamed with wine in Mediterranean cuisine?
Authors: He Fangzhou , Yu Zhaoshuo , Luo Sihao , Meng Xiangyu , Wang Leying , Jin Xuanlu , Huang Zongke , Zhang Yue , Deng Peishan , Peng Weng Kung , Ke Lijing , Wang Huiqin , Zhou Jianwu , Wall Patrick , Rao Pingfan
Published: July 2024

Wine is renowned for its rich content of polyphenols, including resveratrol (Res), known for their health promoting properties. Steamed clam with wine, a popular Mediterranean delicacy that highlights the role of wine as a key ingredient. However, despite these benefits, resveratrol’s low bioavailability poses challenges. Could the process of steaming together with clam alter the digestive fate of resveratrol from wine? This study explores the potential of proteoglycan-based nanoparticles from freshwater clam (CFNPs) as a delivery vehicle for enhancing the stability and bioavailability of resveratrol, compared with wine and free Res’ solution, aiming to elucidate mechanisms facilitating Res’ absorption. The results demonstrated that CFNPs can effectively encapsulate Res with an efficiency over 70%, leading to a uniform particle size of 70.5±0.1 nm (PDI < 0.2). Resveratrol loaded in CFNPs (CFNPs-Res) exhibited an improved antioxidant stability under various conditions, retaining over 90% of antioxidant capacity after three-day storage at room temperature. The controlled-release profile of Res loaded in CFNPs fits both first and Higuchi order kinetics and was more desirable than that of wine and the free Res. Examined by the simulated gastrointestinal digestion, CFNPs-Res showed a significantly higher bioaccessibility and antioxidant retention compared to free Res and the wines. The discovery and use of food derived nanoparticles to carry micronutrients and antioxidants could lead to a shift in functional food design and nutritional advice, advocating much more attention on these entities over solely conventional molecules.
Long-term operation and dynamic response of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium process under low-frequency infrared electromagnetic field
Authors: Xie Yuyang , Wang Zhibin , Ismail Sherif , Ni Shou-Qing
Published: July 2024

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) received more attention for its ability to recover ammonium. This study investigated the possibility of low-frequency infrared electromagnetic field (IR-EMF) to improve DNRA. The optimal IR-EMF intensity of 0.04 μT could effectively improve DNRA activity of nonwoven fabric membrane bioreactors. In the long-term operation, the average ammonium conversion efficiency was enhanced by 117.7% and 62.5% under 0.04 μT and 0.06 μT IR-EMF, respectively. The highest nrfA-gene abundance and potential DNRA rate were obtained under 0.04 μT IR-EMF exposure. Bacteroidetes fragilis, Shewanelle oneidensis MR-1, and Thauera sp. RT1901 were selected to investigate the dynamic response of nitrogen transformation and energy metabolism to IR-EMF. The transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR results suggested that IR-EMF could enhance both denitrification and DNRA process, mainly by improving ATP synthesis to boost metabolic activity. This study provided an efficient method for the nitrogen recovery via DNRA process by applying IR-EMF.
The Canadian Fire Spread Dataset
Authors: Barber Quinn E. , Jain Piyush , Whitman Ellen , Thompson Dan K. , Guindon Luc , Parks Sean A. , Wang Xianli , Hethcoat Matthew G. , Parisien Marc-André
Published: July 2024

Satellite data are effective for mapping wildfires, particularly in remote locations where monitoring is rare. Geolocated fire detections can be used for enhanced fire management and fire modelling through daily fire progression mapping. Here we present the Canadian Fire Spread Dataset (CFSDS), encompassing interpolated progressions for fires >1,000 ha in Canada from 2002–2021, representing the day-of-burning and 50 environmental covariates for every pixel. Day-of-burning was calculated by ordinary kriging of active fire detections from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, enabling a substantial improvement in coverage and resolution over existing datasets. Day of burning at each pixel was used to identify environmental conditions of burning such as daily weather, derived weather metrics, topography, and forest fuels characteristics. This dataset can be used in a broad range of research and management applications, such as retrospective analysis of fire spread, as a benchmark dataset for validating statistical or machine-learning models, and for forecasting the effects of climate change on fire activity.
Curation of historical phenotypic wheat data from the Czech Genebank for research and breeding
Authors: Svoboda Pavel , Holubec Vojtěch , Reif Jochen C. , Berkner Marcel O.
Published: July 2024

Climate change and population growth are putting increasing pressure on global food security. The development of high-yielding varieties for important crops such as wheat is crucial to meet these challenges. The basis for this is extensive exploitation of beneficial genetic variation resting in genebanks around the world. Selecting suitable donor genotypes from the vast number of wheat accessions stored in genebanks is a difficult task and depends critically on the density of information on the performance of individual accessions. Therefore, this study aimed to access phenotypic data from the Czech genebank, storing over 13,000 wheat accessions. We curated and analyzed data on heading date, plant height, and thousand grain weight for more than one-third of all available accessions regenerated across 70 years. The data underwent analysis using a linear mixed model, revealing high quality of curated data with heritability reaching 99%. The raw data, but also derived data such as the best linear unbiased estimations, are now available for the wheat collection of the Czech genebank for research and breeding.
Site-specific apparent optimum air temperature for vegetation photosynthesis across the globe
Authors: Pan Li , Xiao Xiangming , Yao Yuan , Pan Baihong , Yin Chenglong , Meng Cheng , Qin Yuanwei , Zhang Chenchen
Published: July 2024

The apparent optimum air temperature for vegetation photosynthesis (Topt) is a key temperature parameter in terrestrial ecosystem models estimating daily photosynthesis or gross primary production (GPP, g C/m2/day). To date, most models use biome-specific Topt (Topt-biome) parameter values. Given vegetation acclimation and adaptation to local climate, site-specific Topt (Topt-site) is needed to reduce uncertainties in estimating daily GPP across the scales from site to region and the globe. Previous studies have demonstrated using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images and daytime air temperature data to estimate the Topt-site at the eddy covariance tower sites. This study used MODIS-derived EVI and ERA5 climate data to estimate and generate global Topt-site data products from 2000 to 2019. The Topt-site of individual pixels within a biome has large variation, which clearly cannot be represented accurately by the widely used Topt-biome. Therefore, using this global dataset of Topt-site estimates might significantly affect GPP simulation in current ecosystem models.
Plant-level intensity of energy and CO2 emissions for Portland cement in Guizhou of Southwest China 2019–2022
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Ye Minghua , Shi Yanfang , Xiao Dongchen
Published: July 2024

Low-carbon development of ordinary Portland cement industry is of great significance to China’s target “to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060”. Neglecting the regional heterogeneity in China, few studies emphasized the status and developments of energy intensity and CO2 emissions of ordinary Portland cement industry in Guizhou of Southwest China. To bridge this knowledge gap, we present an annual intensity dataset of energy and CO2 emissions at plant-level for Guizhou’s ordinary Portland cement industry, which involves the details of clinker rotary kilns, yearly production of clinker and cement products, fuel consumption and electricity consumption, total CO2 emission of cement products, energy intensity indicators of clinker and cement products, utilization ratio of solid-waste in clinker and cement production, and CO2 emission factors of cement products. It is an important supplement and to existing energy intensity and CO2 emissions estimates at plant-level and provincial official emissions inventories that converges all regions of China.
Characteristics and factors influencing the expansion of urban construction land in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Han Haoying
Published: July 2024

As a new product of rapid urbanization, the sprawl of urban construction land can objectively reflect urban land use efficiency, which is of great significance to China's new urban construction. This study aimed to summarize the expansion patterns and utilization efficiency of urban construction land in China from the perspectives of the status, speed and trends of expansion, and to uncover the key factors that lead to the differential distribution of the expansion of construction land. It can also provide land management experience for other countries with rapid expansion of construction land. The results show the following. (1) The expansion of China's construction land presents a "point–line–plane" pattern of evolution, forming changing stages of point-like aggregation, linear series and planar spread. (2) China's construction land shows the characteristics of disorderly spread, a low utilization rate and low output efficiency. The speed of expansion presents clear characteristics of being high in the east and low in the west, mostly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration. Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and Guangzhou have the highest intensity of construction land use. In Shandong Peninsula and eastern coastal areas, the intensity of the construction land use is generally high. In Xinjiang and Xizang, the intensity of construction land use is relatively low. (3) The urban economic level, population size, industrial structure, foreign investment and land policies have significant effects on the spatial distribution of the expansion of construction land.
Mapping multimorbidity progression among 190 diseases
Authors: Han Shasha , Li Sairan , Yang Yunhaonan , Liu Lihong , Ma Libing , Leng Zhiwei , Mair Frances S. , Butler Christopher R. , Nunes Bruno Pereira , Miranda J. Jaime , Yang Weizhong , Shao Ruitai , Wang Chen
Published: July 2024

Background

Current clustering of multimorbidity based on the frequency of common disease combinations is inadequate. We estimated the causal relationships among prevalent diseases and mapped out the clusters of multimorbidity progression among them.

Methods

In this cohort study, we examined the progression of multimorbidity among 190 diseases among over 500,000 UK Biobank participants over 12.7 years of follow-up. Using a machine learning method for causal inference, we analyzed patterns of how diseases influenced and were influenced by others in females and males. We used clustering analysis and visualization algorithms to identify multimorbidity progress constellations.

Results

We show the top influential and influenced diseases largely overlap between sexes in chronic diseases, with sex-specific ones tending to be acute diseases. Patterns of diseases that influence and are influenced by other diseases also emerged (clustering significance Pau > 0.87), with the top influential diseases affecting many clusters and the top influenced diseases concentrating on a few, suggesting that complex mechanisms are at play for the diseases that increase the development of other diseases while share underlying causes exist among the diseases whose development are increased by others. Bi-directional multimorbidity progress presents substantial clustering tendencies both within and across International Classification Disease chapters, compared to uni-directional ones, which can inform future studies for developing cross-specialty strategies for multimorbidity. Finally, we identify 10 multimorbidity progress constellations for females and 9 for males (clustering stability, adjusted Rand index >0.75), showing interesting differences between sexes.

Conclusion

Our findings could inform the future development of targeted interventions and provide an essential foundation for future studies seeking to improve the prevention and management of multimorbidity.
Correction: Addressing the gaps in homeostatic mechanisms of copper and copper dithiocarbamate complexes in cancer therapy: a shift from classical platinum-drug mechanisms
Authors: Njenga Lydia W. , Mbugua Simon N. , Odhiambo Ruth A. , Onani Martin O.
Published: July 2024

Correction for ‘Addressing the gaps in homeostatic mechanisms of copper and copper dithiocarbamate complexes in cancer therapy: a shift from classical platinum-drug mechanisms’ by Lydia W. Njenga et al., Dalton Trans., 2023, 52, 5823–5847, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3DT00366C.
Treatment with walnut peptide ameliorates memory impairment in zebrafish and rats: promoting the expression of neurotrophic factors and suppressing oxidative stress
Authors: Wei Wei , Wu Qiming , Wang Shuai , Dong Chuanmin , Shao Shujuan , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Xiping , Zhang Xuejun , Kan Juntao , Liu Fuguo
Published: July 2024

Walnut peptide improves cognitive functions and reduces oxidative stress by enhancing neurotrophic factors in bisphenol AF-exposed zebrafish and ameliorating memory impairments in ethanol-exposed rats.
Cellulosic protic ionic liquid hydrogel confined Pd nanoparticles for selective hydrogenation of α-angelica lactone and alkenes
Authors: Xu Tonghui , Zhu Xianyi , Chen Kui , He Tianlong , Zhang Lihua , Yuan Jili , Xie Haibo
Published: July 2024

A cellulosic protic ILs hydrogel with confining ability to Pd NPs was synthesized through a cyclic anhydride cross-linking reaction in TMG/DMSO/CO2 solvent system, presenting good catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of α-AL and common alkenes.
Enhancing outer membrane permeability of tetracycline antibiotics in P. aeruginosa using TOB–CIP conjugates
Authors: Dhiman Shiv , Ramirez Danyel , Arora Rajat , Arthur Gilbert , Schweizer Frank
Published: July 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic critical ‘priority 1’ Gram-negative bacterium that poses a severe threat to public healthcare due to rising antibiotic resistance.
Novel sulfonamides unveiled as potent anti-lung cancer agents via tumor pyruvate kinase M2 activation
Authors: Das Rudradip , Chatterjee Deep Rohan , Kapoor Saumya , Vyas Het , Shard Amit
Published: July 2024

Novel sulfonamides were developed rationally that emerged as potent anti-lung cancer (LC) agents.
Colloidal spherical stibnite particles via high-temperature metallo-organic synthesis
Authors: Joschko Maximilian , Malsi Christina , Rapier John , Scharmann Paolo , Selve Sören , Graf Christina
Published: July 2024

Highly crystalline, spherical Sb2S3 particles of 420 ± 100 nm diameter are prepared using an in situ-forming matrix, preventing growth into large rods.
Novel 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole-derived Ag16 and Ag18 nanoclusters: synthesis and optical properties
Authors: Borah Bedanta , Sharma Rohan , Sharma Pankaz K. , Barman Apurba Kr.
Published: July 2024

Single atom difference in stabilizing ligands leads to drastic change in luminescence properties of silver nanoclusters.
“Clicking” trimeric peptides onto hybrid T8POSS nanocages and identifying synthesis limitations
Authors: Anderson Lewis R. , Hunter Ann P. , Kershaw Matthew J. , Bylikin Sergey Y. , Bowen James , Taylor Peter G. , Birchall Martin A. , Mehrban Nazia
Published: July 2024

“Clicking” trimeric peptides onto T8POSS nanocages achieves high completion rates, however, full decoration is limited due to adverse side reactions.
A general approach to construct selenopheno[3,2-b]indole-cored molecules using Fischer indolization
Authors: Irgashev Roman A. , Steparuk Alexander S.
Published: July 2024

A single protocol for the construction of various selenopheno[3,2-b]indole-cored molecules from appropriate 3-aminoselenophene substrates using Fischer indolization was elaborated in this study.
DFT study of electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes: mechanism exploration and theoretical prediction
Authors: Liu Zhao , Wang Shutao , Liu Zhiqiang , Ding Yating , Hu Yansong , Liu Runzhang , Zhang Zhengze , Qiu Yi-Feng , Lei Junqiang
Published: July 2024

The electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes of 1H-indole and benzyl bromide derivatives have been explored by a theoretical study, and a new EDA complex was predicted.
X-ray characterization of core-modified N-confused fused porphyrinogen and genesis of π(σ) (anti)aromatic N-confused fused porphyrinoids
Authors: Jana Manik , Velmurugan Gunasekaran , Comba Peter , Rath Harapriya
Published: July 2024

The first ever solid-state structural proof of core modified N-methyl N-confused fused porphyrinogen with stereoselective ααβα conformer.
An n-type semiconducting diazaporphyrin-based hydrogen-bonded organic framework
Authors: Sakurai Takahiro , Tanabe Tappei , Iguchi Hiroaki , Li Zhuowei , Matsuda Wakana , Tsutsui Yusuke , Seki Shu , Matsuda Ryotaro , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

A Ni(ii) diazaporphyrin with carboxy groups afforded a stable HOF through intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions, which exhibited high semiconductivity as well as stability toward heating and various solvents.
Ag2[TeO2(OH)4]: a nonlinear optical tellurate with balanced comprehensive performance
Authors: Tan Wenjing , Wang Xuefan , Wei Ruqing , Huang Hongbo , Yang Daqing , Wang Ying , Zhang Bingbing
Published: July 2024

A single crystal of Ag2[TeO2(OH)4] with size of 8 × 4 × 4 mm3 was obtained, which exhibits balanced comprehensive performances, including a large second-harmonic generation response of 0.84 × AgGaS2 and large birefringence of 0.106@1064 nm.
Magnetic soft organogel supercapacitor electrolyte for energy storage
Authors: Ma Xinxian , Wei Jiuzhi , Liang Yuehua , Zhang Juan , Feng Enke , Fu Zhenxing , Han Xinning
Published: July 2024

A magnetic organogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties. This preparation approach provides new ideas for designing highly magnetic organogel electrolytes with excellent electrochemical properties.