bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desenvolvimento Tecnológico de Produtos Fitoterápicos
Authors: Bassani V.L. , Gonzáles O. G. , Petrovick P.R.
Published: August 2022

A transformação de plantas medicinais em produtos com maior valor tecnológico agregado representa uma estratégia que pode contribuir para o progresso da sociedade. Neste trabalho, tomando como modelo um dos grupos de pesquisa existente no Brasil, são apresentados resultados focados no desenvolvimento tecnológico de produtos fitoterápicos oriundos da flora medicinal brasileira. Os exemplos demonstram a capacidade nacional em dominar matérias-primas complexas e os processos e fenômenos de sua transformação em produtos de potencial aplicação no mercado.
Desafio para a Inovação em Fitomedicamentos no Contexto da Indústria Farmacêutica Nacional
Authors: ALVES F. N. R.
Published: August 2022

Diante da baixa competitividade do setor farmacêutico no País, este estudo analisa a potencialidade dos fitomedicamentos como um nicho estratégico para o desenvolvimento tecnológico deste setor. Dentro deste contexto, foi fundamental o entendimento sobre a importância da inovação em fitomedicamentos no Brasil e a análise do potencial terapêutico e de mercado destes medicamentos. A pesquisa envolveu um amplo levantamento de informações com foco na questão econômica e industrial da área farmacêutica, dos fitoterápicos (constituídos exclusivamente de partes de plantas ou derivados vegetais) e dos fitofármacos (isolados de plantas e utilizados como fármacos ou como fonte de modelos para fármacos). Para tanto, o trabalho foi desenvolvido com base na literatura nacional e internacional e na legislação existente. Apesar de algumas dificuldades identificadas como o cumprimento dos padrões de qualidade e segurança exigidos pela legislação e a necessidade de uma maior articulação entre os profissionais da área e entre as instituições de financiamento, pesquisa e produção, o estudo mostrou que os fitomedicamentos são um nicho estratégico para a capacitação tecnológica local e para uma maior autonomia na elaboração de uma política de medicamentos, propondo ações para o desenvolvimento deste nicho no País.
Medicamentos Sintéticos e Fitoterápicos: Potencialidades de Equivalência
Authors: Michiles E. , Botsaris A. S.
Published: August 2022

Neste estudo foram relacionadas algumas sugestões que, com investimentos prioritários em P&D de espécies nativas, apresentam potencialidade de equivalência terapêutica aos sintéticos. Dos medicamentos avaliados, 21 fármacos, pertencentes a 14 classes farmacológicas diferentes possuem potencial de substituição total ou parcial, por extratos de plantas medicinais sendo o custo de produção inferior e tecnologia totalmente desenvolvida no Brasil. É possível transformar estas potencialidades em realidade, através das parcerias público-privadas, incluindo subsídios e/ou incentivos fiscais aos laboratórios nacionais, no sentido da inserção de medicamentos fitoterápicos na RENAME. Esta estratégia pode alavancar de forma definitiva a indústria farmacêutica do setor, promovendo os fitoterápicos à categoria de medicamentos eficazes, seguros e acessíveis a todos os brasileiros e inseri-los no mercado internacional, num sentido inverso ao percorrido pelos medicamentos sintéticos.
Utilização do Monitoramento Seletivo de Íons como Ferramenta para a Detecção de Adulterações em Óleos de Copaíba
Authors: Veiga Jr. V. F.; , Pinto A. C
Published: August 2022

Através da cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução acoplada à espectrometria de massas foi utilizado o monitoramento seletivo e simultâneo de íons para a detecção de marcadores biológicos e de adulterantes em óleos de copaíba (Copaifera sp.) comerciais adquiridos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Adulterações com óleos vegetais e minerais foram detectadas através de fragmentos específicos de hidrocarbonetos e ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos lineares saturados e insaturados. Além disso, a técnica foi utilizada para a detecção do marcador dos óleos de copaíba, o ácido copálico, e de co-eluições deste com outros diterpenos também encontrados nos óleos de copaíba.
The Effect of Mineral Pigments on Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: El Nemr Amr Maher , Shawky Maha Ahmed , El Khafif Mahmoud
Published: August 2022

Pigmented concrete exhibits artesian properties in addition to ordinary concrete properties, explicitly high strength, excellent durability, and weather resistance. However, the influence of several parameters that affect the characteristics of colored concrete should be studied; extensively. In this paper, the impact of the w/b (water/binder) ratio using color pigments on the mechanical properties such as compressive and flexural strengths of colored cement mortar prisms and cubes experimentally investigated. The experimental program included 21 mixes with six cubes and three flexural prisms specimens for assessing compressive and flexural strength, respectively. The blends included different water/binder ratios with values of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6, in addition to several color pigments as a partial replacement of cement. The percentage of replacements altered between 0, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% with two different shades of pigments consisting of red iron and green chromium oxide. Based on the experimental results, empirical expressions were generated based on Abram’s law to assess the relationship between the compressive strength of colored concrete and w/b ratio. The results revealed that the compressive and flexural strength of colored concrete is influenced by w/b ratio and partially replacement percentage of cement by color pigment not proportionally direct. Furthermore, the shade of pigments also has a different impact as well.
PENERAPAN MODEL SEMIVARIOGRAM EKSPERIMENTAL PADA CURAH HUJAN BULANAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Pririzki Sisilia Jesika , Navita Sari  , Bella Agustin  , Yohanes Razaf Eriko Simbolon
Published: August 2022

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, faktor cuaca menjadi pengaruh besar dalam melakukan semua aktivitas. Besarnya pengaruh kondisi curah hujan, membuat pelaku kegiatan ahrus mengetahui pola curah hujan yang akan datang. Maka dari itu, perlu dilakukan pengukuran terhadap data curah hujan di Indonesia. Namun, dalam pengukuran data curah hujan, tidak semua titik dapat terukur. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya keterbatasan alat ukur dan stasiun pada setiap provinsi yang ada. Sehingga dibutuhkan suatu metode untuk dapat menaksirkan suatu nilai dalam titik yang tidak terukur. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model semivariogram eksperimental. Model ini memiliki tiga jenis model yang digunakan, yaitu model exponential, spherical dan gaussian. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data curah hujan bulanan di semua stasiun yang ada Indonesia yaitu sebanyak 169 stasiun. Pada penelitian ini model terbaik adalah model Exponential karena nilai nugget effect (Co) yang dipunya sebesar 2.418. Berdasarkan peta kontur yang ada,  kondisi dari rata-rata curah hujan tersebar dengan rata-rata curah hujan yang kurang dari 14 mm. Hanya saja untuk beberapa daerah seperti pada Kalimantan Utara memiliki rata-rata curah hujan yang tinggi. Untuk daerah yang memiliki rata-rata curah hujan rendah terletak pada Nusa Tenggara Timur.
PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK TEH DAN JUMLAH BIBIT PER LUBANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SELEDRI (Apium graveolens L.)
Authors: Handayani Rizky , Priyono Priyono , Bahri Saiful
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi pemberian ekstrak teh dan jumlah bibit per lubang terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman seledri. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) Faktorial, yang terdiri dari 2 faktor, setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Adapun kedua faktor tersebut adalah : (1) jumlah bibit per lubang (S), dengan 3 taraf yaitu : S1 : 1 bibit per lubang, S2 : 2 bibit per lubang, S3 : 3 bibit per lubang. (2) ekstrak teh, dengan 4 taraf yaitu : T0 : kontrol, T1 : dosis ekstrak teh 1 ml/lubang, T2 : dosis ekstrak teh 2 ml/lubang, T3 : dosis ekstrak teh 3 ml/lubang, didapatkan 12 kombinasi perlakuan. Analisis data menggunakan Analisis Sidik Ragam (ANOVA), jika berbeda nyata maka dilakukan uji lanjutan yaitu Uji BNT taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) interaksi antara pemberian ekstrak teh dan jumlah bibit per lubang tidak terjadi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman seledri, (2) perlakuan ekstrak teh 3 ml/lubang dengan 2 bibit per lubang memberikan hasil paling baik pada berat basah brangkasan sebesar 130,77 gram per lubang setara dengan 10,9 ton/Ha.

Kata kunci: Seledri, ekstrak teh, jumlah bibit per lubang, pertumbuhan, hasil
On the Poisson equation in exterior domains
Authors: Varnhorn Werner
Published: August 2022

We construct a solution of the Poisson equation in exterior domains $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^n,\;n \ge 2,$ in homogeneous Lebesgue spaces $L^{2,q}(\Omega),;1 < q <\infty,$ with methods of potential theory and integral equations. We investigate the corresponding null spaces and prove that its dimensions is equal to $n+1$ independent of $q$.
Measuring AgeDependence Of Colour Afterimage Perception
Authors: Garai Lorinc , Horvath Andras
Published: August 2022

Afterimages are common and frequent perceptual phenomena of everyday life. A typical appearance is the negative УghostФ image of a bright light source when we turn away from it. In the case of significant colour contrast, the afterimage can be coloured. The perceived false imageТs strength decreases gradually and completely disappears in a (10-100) s timescale.
The underlying processes have multiple components: a quick adaptation on the retinal level, and a slower adaptation on the neural level. Several studies discuss these mechanisms, but there are still important questions to be answered.
In our research, we apply the toplevel, blackbox style approach: instead of focusing on the inner details, we ask human test subjects to test and measure the duration and Уstrength scoreФ of the same lighttransitions. Our goal is to find the main features that affect the duration and subjective strength of the colour afterimages. Specifically, we examine whether the age and gender of the test subjects or the colourimetry parameters affect these parameters.
Two set of experiments were performed: colourcolour transitions with 41 and colourgrey transitions with 16 test subjects between 19 and 62.
We found that gender has no measurable influence, but age makes a difference in high significance. Both experiment types confirmed that over 40 years the average duration of colour afterimages decreases.
HumanCentered Architectural Illumination Design In Prisons
Authors: Cengiz Mehmet Sait
Published: August 2022

If illumination is used correctly in architectural designs, it makes positive contributions to human health. Electric lighting can contribute to human health in environments where there are architectural restrictions and daylight is not sufficiently used (for example, in prisons). In this study, the illuminance level from the sun was simulated with dynamic electric lighting. By using direct, semidirect, and diffused illumination, human centric lighting concept can be used in environments where daylighting is not sufficiently used. In this way, illumination suitable for human biology was made with lowcost dynamic electric lighting arrangement without changing the architectural design. In this study, equivalent melanopic illuminance values in WELL standards in the concept of human centric lighting are provided in a simulation environment for different illumination types in a prison environment.
Role of Functional Illumination Urban Beautification: Qatar-Doha Road Illumination Case
Authors: Cengiz Mehmet Sait
Published: August 2022

In this study, numerical analysis was made for 7 different road scenarios, which are called functional illumination in the architectural field. In functional illumination (road illumination) within the scope of the lighting masterplan, optimum illumination was provided in the simulation environment according to the criteria of the International Illumination Commission (CIE). According to the criteria of the CIE, the illumination system that does not adversely affect living things and the environment has been proposed by providing the limit values for the illuminance level, luminance, overall (resultant) uniformity, and longitudinal uniformity. In the architectural field, it is thought that functional illumination will increase the attractiveness of the city and contribute to architectural aesthetics by providing visual comfort.
Ferrite-Free Closed-Loop 13,56 Mhz Inductively- Coupled Low Mercury Pressure UV Lamp
Authors: Ilikeeva Rimma A. , Shilova Svetlana A. , Popov Oleg A. , Levchenko Vladimir A.
Published: August 2022

Electrical and radiation characteristics of inductively-coupled ferrite-free low mercury pressure discharges exited at a frequency of 13.56 MHz and discharge plasma power, Ppl = (5 ? 300) W, in closed-loop quartz tubes of 815 mm in length and of 16.6 mm in diameter were experimentally stud-ied. Discharges were excited and maintained with the help of one-turn induction coil made from litz wire and disposed on the tube wall surface along tube perimeter. Tubes were filled with mercury vapour (~ 10Ц2 Torr) and argon (0.5, 0.7, 1.0, and 2.0) Torr. As discharge plasma power, Ppl, were increased from 130 W to 275 W, coil resonant frequency (RF) voltage grew from (560 ? 700) V up to (840 ? 860) V, RF coil current grew from (1.4 ? 1.8) A up to (2.4 ? 2.6) ј. Coil power losses was highest in the lamp with argon pressure of 0.5 Torr and grew from 30 W (Ppl = 150 W) to 70 W (Ppl = 230 W). UV resonant (254 nm) radiation flux grew with plasma power and was highest in the lamp (pAr = 0.5 Tоrr) while UV radiation generation ef-ficiency of this lamp had maximal value of 34 % at plasma power of 130 W.
Research Into Monochromatic Colour Vision Thresholds And Determination Of The Trichromatic ColourMatching Coefficients
Authors: Boos George V. , Grigoryev Andrey A. , Rybina Viktoria A.
Published: August 2022

The authors experimentally defined the dependences of chromaticity thresholds between an object and a background for 10 trichromatic observers. The experiments included observation of monochromatic objects with dimension of (2?2) angular degree against a white background. Based on the statistical theory of human threshold colour vision, it was proved that in the XYZ colorimetric system, the value of Y coordinate of the primary colour Mphys is positive and lies along the y=1x line. This fact allowed to define all the characteristics of a trichromatic physiological system (LMS)phys necessary for chromatic calculations.
Comprehensive Modernisation of the Outdoor Lighting System of Nizhny Novgorod: Building the Control System with Smart City Elements
Authors: Boos George V. , Nikitin Gleb S.
Published: August 2022

The article describes the largest project of comprehensive outdoor lighting system modernisation in Russia implemented in an old city of Nizhny Novgorod standing on the river Volga. This project involved complete rearrangement of outdoor lighting installations and a modern control system with Smart City elements realization as well as development of the system of architectural lighting of major buildings of the city.
Lighting devices with Russian-made LEDbased light sources were designed and used for the first time while implementing this project.The equipment was designed by BL GROUP International Light Engineering Company, manufactured by the plants owned by this holding company, delivered to Nizhny Novgorod and installed within unprecedented short time.New methods and technologies were used when conducting the works, which provided about 76 % of energy saving for outdoor lighting and allowed to create the image of the city emphasising the magnificence of its historic centre.
The project was implemented under an energy service agreement without budget funds.
As a result, on the residents’ opinion, by the moment of the 800th anniversary Nizhny Novgorod has become brighter, more bustling, safer and more convenient during night time and more attractive for tourists.
Improvement Of Mobile Method For Road Photometric Parameters Measurements
Authors: Chernyak Anatoly Sh. , Fedorishchev Mikhail A. , Kuznetsova Alyona B.
Published: August 2022

In todayТs urban environment it is extremely difficult to perform road lighting measurements using standard stationary methods. The mobile measurement method remains, in fact, the only possible way of assessing the quality of outdoor lighting. The article presented is aimed at improving the existing measurement methods in terms of quality, speed of measurement, and safety of personnel.
Coherent Stimulated Radiation, Coherent Spontaneous Radiation and Coupled Photon Pairs in Non-Uniform Thermally Excited Gaseous Media: Calculation Procedure
Authors: Veklenko Boris A.
Published: August 2022

This work continues the author’s study of the processes of interaction between a quantum electromagnetic field and a spatially non-uniform gaseous medium [1, 5]. Previously unknown optical effects caused by consideration of high-order quantum correlators were discovered. This is caused by the problem of calculation of high-order photonic correlators starting from the fourth order, which appears when the interaction between the quantum electromagnetic field is described using the Feynman diagrams, According to T.A. Matsubara’s technique applied nowadays, these correlators are just neglected. The author’s articles [1, 5] describe the calculation method allowing us to avoid thiscomplication. The method is based on the following. High-order quantum correlators appear when multi-particle problems are studied. If the number of particles is small (hydrogen atom), the problem disappears. Therefore, if we replace a multi-particle problem with a single-particle problem (even if this particle is rather complex), the problem will be solved. Such solution (by using the Γ-operators technique) is described in the said author’s articles. While the standard secondary quantisation technique uses operators of creation and destruction of separate particles, the Γ-operators technique deals with operators of creation and destruction of photon conglomerates (systems). It turns out that high-order correlators just do not appear when the Γ-operators technique is used. This article demonstrates a specific example of application of the Γ-technique.
Radiation Colour Non-Uniformity Accounting in the LED Luminaires Production and Operation
Authors: Danilko Andrey V. , Karev Alexander V. , Kornyakov Sergey O.
Published: August 2022

Applied aspects of accounting for the colour non-uniformity of the radiation of LED luminaries (LL), as their technical and operational characteristics, are considered. At the same time, the features of the perception of colour non-uniformity, created by LL in the observer’s field of view on the object, during their long-term operation at different radiation angles in space and on the surface, are shown. The need for a standard that regulates the methodology for assessing colour non-uniformity and the corresponding criteria is indicated. The necessity of including the colour non-uniformity of the radiation of LL in the list of controlled characteristics during the production and operation of these products is shown.
Luminance Factor Modelling For An Arbitrary Surface
Authors: Basov Alexander Yu. , Boos George V. , Budak Vladimir P. , Grimailo Anton V.
Published: August 2022

Reflection characteristics of asphalt pavements play one of the key roles in road lighting, as luminance is normalized and multiple reflections are absent. The values of the luminance factors of road surfaces can be found by carrying out measurements, but this is not always possible, since it requires the extraction of samples, or is laborious. Therefore, in this article it is proposed to model the spatialangular characteristics of reflection. The developed models (analytical and statistical) allow finding luminance factors for arbitrary angles of incidence and sighting. The models are based on a scattering planeparallel layer. The following optical properties of the medium serve as input data: single scattering albedo, optical thickness, phase function of the particles inside the layer. To validate the models, a comparison was made with the measurement results.
To the Calculation of Dominant and Complementary Wavelengths and Purity
Authors: Prytkov Sergey V. , Zheleznikova Olga E. , Myshonkov Alexander B. , Bobylev Maxim D. , Truntaev Kirill Yu.
Published: August 2022

To date, finding the dominant and complementary wavelengths and excitation purity given in domestic standards and educational literature is rather descriptive and does not contain a clear calculation procedure. In general, for test engineers who in their professional activities rely on software measuring instruments, the current situation is not a problem. However, for developers of standards and measurement procedures it can be a serious obstacle. In this connection, the review of existing as well as development of new computer methods of calculation of the specified quantities is of interest.
In this paper, we propose a new numerical method for calculating the dominant and complementary wavelengths, based on the following property. The distance between a considered chromaticity and a ray with beginning at the point of achromatic stimulus, which crosses the spectrum locus, takes a positive value on one side of the line, connecting achromatic stimulus and considered chromaticity, and a negative value on the other side. The peculiarity of the method is that both dominant and complementary wavelengths can be simultaneously determined for the considered chromaticity. In addition, the article deals in detail with the calculation of excitation purity.
Evaluation of Photobiological Efficiency of Spectrum–Combined LED Phyto-Irradiators in Photo-Culture Cucumber Growing
Authors: Kurshev Alexander E. , Bogatyrev Sergey D. , Zheleznikova Olga E. , Gorbunov Alexei A. , Myshonkov Alexander B. , Prytkov Sergey V. , Lyulev Artem O.
Published: August 2022

The article presents the results of a full-fledged growing season of cucumber plants of the Svyatogor F1 variety under photo-culture conditions. The studies were carried out on an experimental research hydroponic installation (ERHI) under photosynthetic photon irradiation EPPFD = 250 ± 10 μmol / c·m2. In the experiment, we used phyto-irradiators (PI) with high-pressure sodium lamps (HPSL) of the DNaZ type (control version), as well as light emitting diode (LED) phyto-irradiators (PI) of the combined spectrum. Together with specialists from the agro-technical complex of the State Unitary Enterprise of the Republic of Mordovia “Teplichnoye” a methodological approach was developed for conducting photo-biological research in the artificial climate laboratory of the FSBEI HE National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, which allows to determine the radiation effect of LED PI of the combined spectrum on the productivity of cucumber plants under photo-culture conditions. Based on the conducted photo-biological research, it was found that the variant of the emission spectrum of PI2, in which the radiation with = 730 nm was 3.1 times greater and the radiation with  = 660 nm was 1.23 times less than in the emission spectrum of PI3, turned out to be more effective, providing not only the best quality of seedlings of cucumber plants, but also showing higher productivity. It was revealed that partial overlap of functions, synergy and multiple interactions between different systems of radiation perception can cause an ambiguous response of plants to changes in the conditions of technological irradiation. The practical significance of the obtained results was shown.
To the Question of Updating the Educational Programs of the Light and Engineering Profile at Ogarev Mordovia State University Taking into Account Professional Standards
Authors: Amelkina Svetlana A. , Sidorov Andrey K. , Sergeychev Kirill I.
Published: August 2022

Light and engineering education in Russia is now bringing forward new priorities, which are reflected in the updated major professional educational programs both bachelor’s and master’s degree. The modern labour market in the field of light and engineering today requires the training of highly qualified specialists who possess modern information technologies, are technically literate, who know regulatory regulations and environmental requirements.This trend is observed not only in Russia, but also noted by European researchers. In the labour market, the most in demand are engineering and technical workers with knowledge of intelligent lighting control systems, the Internet of Things technologies, with ability to implement energy saving measures, as well as specialists who are able to develop and implement lighting design projects, both indoor and outdoor.
The analysis of the major professional educational programs implemented in Ogarev Mordovia State University showed that the timely release of professional standards (PS) 29.013 and 29.014 allowed us to formulate professional competencies (PC) of graduates of the lighting profile, which are relevant today and will contribute to the successful career building of young professionals.
Much attention is paid to the formation and development of digital competencies of specialists in the lighting industry when updating major professional educational programs. Disciplines that allow engineering and technical specialists to develop artistic and aesthetic skills and imaginative thinking are introduced. Students learn through a project-based approach, consider multi-variant solutions, getting acquainted with the current nomenclature and databases of lighting devices (LD) from various manufacturers. By creating projects, they not only learn to develop lighting installations (LI) in accordance with the regulatory quantitative and qualitative parameters, but also gain practical design skills, taking into account the visual light and colour comfort, style design. They learn to implement intelligent lighting control systems, design LD based on LED light sources.
In order to further improve the educational process, it is necessary to involve more practitioners, to involve students in the implementation of real projects. Strengthening the interdisciplinary nature of graduate training, whose planned activities are related to the development of lighting design projects, requires the preparation of educational and methodological support.
Whole Blood Samples for Faster Real-Time PCR Analysis of Thrombophilic Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Virus Positive Patients
Authors: BERÁNEK M , KOBLÍŽEK V , DULÍČEK P , HEGEROVÁ J , PALIČKA V
Published: August 2022

High incidence of thrombosis and venous thromboembolism was reported in patients with COVID-19. In this study, we focused on analysis of thrombophilic mutations performed without a standard DNA extraction step. In one hundred of COVID-19 positive outpatients, real-time PCR for Leiden mutation in the FV gene and G20210A mutation in the FII gene was carried out from DNA extracts and modified whole blood samples, and their cycle threshold (Ct) values were evaluated. In the extracts, healthy homozygotes (wt/wt), heterozygotes (M/wt), and homozygous carriers of Leiden mutation (M/M) provided median Ct values of 18.5, 19.4/22.0, and 20.9. In the whole blood, Ct values were 25.3 (wt/wt), 24.8/27.2 (M/wt), and 26.9 (M/M). Median Ct values for G20210A in the extracts were 19.6 for homozygotes (wt/wt), and 19.7/20.4 for heterozygous carriers. The whole blood samples provided Ct values of 23.9 in healthy homozygotes and 26.3/27.2 in heterozygotes for G20210A mutation. No homozygous subjects for G20210A and no double heterozygotes (for Leiden and G20210A mutations) were found. Despite significant differences in the Ct values, genotyping showed complete result concordance of the DNA extracts and the whole blood samples. The integrity and amplificability of DNA molecules in the whole blood samples during 28 days of deep freezing, interrupted by four cycles of thawing, did not significantly change. In conclusion, we demonstrated a new protocol for the detection of the thrombophilic mutations via real time PCR on the modified whole blood of COVID-19 positive patients. The blood modification was reliable, easy, cheap, and saving costs and turnaround time of the whole laboratory process.
Determining the level of basic democratic values of secondary school students
Authors: GÜLEN Salih , ALAN Muhammed , TOPÇU ALAN Merve , ÖZYILMAZ Adem
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the participation of secondary school students in the basic democratic values. Survey method was used in the research. In this context, 227 secondary school students in Samsun Ondokuzmayıs district were reached by using the purposeful sampling method. The research data were collected online with the Basic Democratic Values Scale, with the permission of the author. In the analysis of the data, tests such as T-test, One-Way ANOVA, Post Hoc-Tukey were used with the help of SPSS 21 program. As a result of the analysis and interpretation of the findings, it has been determined that the basic democratic values of the secondary school students are at a good level, and there is no relationship between their family income status, student gender and democratic values. In addition, it was determined that the eighth grade students exhibited more democratic values than the fifth and seventh grade students. It is recommended to examine democratic values at different district and class levels.
An overview on seismic analysis of masonry building aggregates
Authors: Formisano Antonio , Ademovic Naida
Published: August 2022

Conservation of historical centres is a pressing need for Mediterranean countries, that are characterized by masonry aggregates representing the most typical construction type within cities. Masonry clustered buildings were usually designed without seismic design criteria. Moreover, the current seismic standard codes do not foresee a clear calculation method to predict their non-linear behaviour. For this reason, in this paper, a wide overview on the seismic response of masonry aggregates has been done considering analysis at different levels, from simplified large-scale evaluations to sophisticated non-linear analyses. In the former investigation kind, a vulnerability form appropriately conceived for clustered buildings has been applied to different historical centres with the aim to perform risk analysis considering both empirical approaches and real data deriving from occurred past earthquakes. In the second evaluation type, the macro-elements analysis method has been examined with reference to typical clustered buildings of the Italian territory. In particular, global assessments, performed using the 3Muri non-linear analysis program, have been performed with the final goal to derive fragility curves of structural units of masonry aggregates considering their plan position in the clustered building (end of row, internal, and corner).
Potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors in the control and regulation of prostate, breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Pramanik Siddhartha Das , Kumar Halder Amit , Mukherjee Ushmita , Kumar Dharmendra , Dey Yadu Nandan , R Mogana
Published: August 2022

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that play a role in chromatin remodeling and epigenetics. They belong to a specific category of enzymes that eliminate the acetyl part of the histones’ -N-acetyl lysine, causing the histones to be wrapped compactly around DNA. Numerous biological processes rely on HDACs, including cell proliferation and differentiation, angiogenesis, metastasis, gene regulation, and transcription. Epigenetic changes, specifically increased expression and activity of HDACs, are commonly detected in cancer. As a result, HDACi could be used to develop anticancer drugs. Although preclinical outcomes with HDACs as monotherapy have been promising clinical trials have had mixed results and limited success. In both preclinical and clinical trials, however, combination therapy with different anticancer medicines has proved to have synergistic effects. Furthermore, these combinations improved efficacy, decreased tumor resistance to therapy, and decreased toxicity. In the present review, the detailed modes of action, classification of HDACs, and their correlation with different cancers like prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer were discussed. Further, the different cell signaling pathways and the structure-activity relationship and pharmaco-toxicological properties of the HDACi, and their synergistic effects with other anticancer drugs observed in recent preclinical and clinical studies used in combination therapy were discussed for prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer treatment.
Estimating the velocity of chemically-driven Janus colloids considering the anisotropic concentration field
Authors: Lei Lijie , Cheng Rong , Zhou Yuxiu , Yang Tiezhu , Liang Beirong , Wang Shuo , Zhang Xinyuan , Lin Guanhua , Zhou Xuemao
Published: August 2022

The application of the active colloids is strongly related to their self-propulsion velocity, which is controlled by the generated anisotropic concentration field. We investigated the effect of this anisotropy on velocity induced by numerical treatments and size of Janus colloids. The far-field approximation is effective in estimating the velocity, even though it neglects the shape effect on the anisotropy of the concentration field. If the surface mobility contrast between the active and the inert part is moderate, the spherical approximation is feasible for sphere-like Janus colloids. Legendre expansion of the concentration field causes artificial anisotropy. Raising the order of the expansion can suppress this effect, but also distorts the concentration field at the top of active part. Thus, the order of the expansion should be chosen carefully depending on the goal of the study. Based on the verified Legendre expansion method and ionic-diffusiophoresis model, we show that due to the size-effect on both the concentration field and the surface mobility, increasing size of colloids can lower the self-propulsion velocity. Our finding is consistent with previous experimental observations without fitting parameter, shedding new light on the self-propulsion mechanism of chemically-driven active colloids. We further show a velocity reversal at high overall ζ potential induced by increasing size, providing a new way for controlling the dynamics of acitve colloids.
Dietary magnesium and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality after myocardial infarction: A prospective analysis in the Alpha Omega Cohort
Authors: Evers Ilse , Cruijsen Esther , Kornaat Iris , Winkels Renate M. , Busstra Maria C. , Geleijnse Johanne M.
Published: August 2022

Background

An adequate intake of magnesium has been associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in population-based studies. Whether an adequate magnesium intake is important for reducing long-term mortality risk after myocardial infarction (MI) is not yet clear.

Objective

We examined magnesium intake in relation to CVD, all-cause and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, on top of drug treatment, in patients who had experienced an MI.

Methods

We included 4,365 Dutch patients aged 60–80 y from the Alpha Omega Cohort with a history of MI <10 y before study enrollment. Dietary data over the past month were collected at baseline using a 203-item validated food frequency questionnaire from which magnesium intake was calculated. Patients were followed for cause-specific mortality through December 2018. HRs for mortality in tertiles of energy adjusted magnesium intake were obtained from multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for age, sex, education, obesity and other lifestyle and dietary factors. Associations were also studied in relevant subgroups, including patients with diabetes and diuretics users. Restricted cubic splines were used for studying the continuous association of magnesium intake with CVD mortality.

Results

The average magnesium intake was 302 ± 78 mg/day and 28% of male and 33% of female patients had adequate intakes. Magnesium containing supplements were used by 5.4% of the cohort. During a median follow-up of 12.4 years (48,473 person-years), 2,035 patients died, of which 903 from CVD and 558 from CHD. Higher magnesium intakes (>320 g/d), compared to the reference group (<283 mg/d), were associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54–0.98) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64–0.95) in the fully adjusted model. A non-significant inverse association was found for CHD mortality. Associations for CVD mortality were slightly stronger in diuretic users (HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34–0.89). Results were similar after excluding magnesium supplement users.

Conclusion

An adequate intake of magnesium may be important for lowering long-term mortality risk after MI, especially in patients treated with diuretics. The Alpha Omega Trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03192410.
PROD-ALERT: Psychiatric restraint open data—analysis using logarithmic estimates on reporting trends
Authors: Reid Keith , Price Owen
Published: August 2022

Aims and Methods

Restraint reporting varies, which undermines regulation, obfuscates analyses, and incentivises minimisation. The English Mental Health Units Use of Force Act 2018, “Seni's Law” mandates reporting. This paper analysed open data from all psychiatric and learning disability institutions in England from September 2020 to August 2021. We correlated logarithms of “people restrained per month”, against “bed days” per month and “people under legal mental health detention” per month, per institution. We designated institutions reporting some restraint for at least 11 of 12 months as reporting “completely” and used their trend to infer rates from non-“complete” institutions. Allowance was made for size. Our a priori manual can be shared on request.

Results

Logarithms of people restrained per month and bed-days per month correlated among complete reporters: R2 0.90 (2.s.f). Persons detained per month also correlated with restraint: R2 0.78. “Partial” institutions reported intermittently. “Joiner” institutions reported firstly null, then substantive reporting. “Null” institutions (including the largest) reported no restraint. Precisely-reporting institutions with high inverse variance between months reported similar restraint-rates but less-precise reported lower rates. In institutions reporting no restraint, two independent “true rate” estimations, by bed-days or people detained, correlated across institutions: R2 0.95. Inference from size suggested non-complete reporters restrained 1,774 people in England per month 95% CI (1,449–2,174).

Clinical implications

Restraint remains under-reported. Institutional size explains most restraint variation among complete reporting institutions, 90% of R2. Institutional restraint reports can be compared per-bed per-month. Rates of people detained are a useful independent “checking” comparator in England.
Supervised machine learning for predicting shear sonic log (DTS) and volumes of petrophysical and elastic attributes, Kadanwari Gas Field, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Syed Adnan , MonaLisa  , Hussain Muyyassar , Khan Zahid Ullah
Published: August 2022

Shear sonic log (DTS) availability is vital for litho-fluid discrimination within reservoirs, which is critical for field development and production. For certain reasons, most of the wells in the Lower Indus Basin (LIB) lack DTS logs, which are modeled using conventional techniques based on empirical relations and rock physics modeling. However, in their extensive computation, these approaches need assumptions and multiple prerequisites, which can compromise the true reservoir characteristics. Machine learning (ML) has recently emerged as a robust and optimized technique for predicting precise DTS with fewer input data sets. To predict the best DTS log that adheres to the geology, a comparison was made between three supervised machine learning (SML) algorithms: random forest (RF), decision tree regression (DTR), and support vector regression (SVR). Based on qualitative statistical measures, the RF stands out as the best algorithm, with maximum determination of correlation (R2) values of 0.68, 0.86, 0.56, and 0.71 and lower mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of 4.5, 2.01, 4.79, and 4.65 between the modeled and measured DTS logs in Kadanwari-01, -03, -10, and -11 wells, respectively. For detailed reservoir characterization, the RF algorithm is further employed to generate elastic attributes such as P-impedance (Zp), S-impedance (Zs), lambda-rho (λρ), mu-rho (μρ), as well as petrophysical attributes such as effective porosity (PHIE) and clay volumetric (Vcl) utilizing seismic and well data. The resultant attributes helped to establish a petro-elastic relationship delineated at the reservoir level. Possible gas zones were determined by zones with high PHIE (8%–10%) and low values of other attributes like Vcl (30%–40%), Zp (10,400–10,800 gm/cc*m/s), and Zs (6,300–6,600 gm/cc*m/s). The potential bodies are also validated by low λρ (27–30 GPa*g/cc) cross ponding to higher μρ (38–44 GPa*g/cc).
Detailed shallow structure of the seismogenic fault of the 1976 Ms7.8 Tangshan earthquake, China
Authors: Liu Kang , Li Yigang , Nan Yanyun , Liu Baojin , Wang Wanhe
Published: August 2022

In 1976, an Ms7.8 strong earthquake occurred in the Tangshan region of Northeast China within an ancient craton. In this study, we conducted shallow seismic exploration, drilling-based exploration, and exploratory trench excavation of ground fissures in the Tangshan Fault Zone and obtained a high-resolution shallow seismic profile. Through analysis of its lithology and sedimentary cycle, we constructed a composite drilling profile across the faults. Coupled with the shallow fault combination patterns identified from the exploratory trenches, the profile reveals that the Guye-Nanhu Fault was the shallow response fault in the seismogenic structure of the Tangshan earthquake. This fault is a strike-slip fault with a positive flower structure; the reverse fault branches become progressively steeper with depth and converge downward toward the vertical main strike-slip fault. A high-angle thrust fault is located to the west of the main strike-slip fault, and a series of small-scale normal faults appear in front of this fault, owing to local extension. The tectonic form revealed by the deep seismic reflection profiles further supports the superficial tectonic model. The near-NEE orientation of the stress field in North China and the lower strike-slip movement component of the Tanlu Fault Zone facilitate faulting in the Tangshan–Hejian–Xingtai Fault Zone, which lies diagonally in the middle rectangular area of the North China Plain faulted basin. The detailed structural model of the seismogenic fault obtained by various detection methods is of great significance for understanding the seismogenic mechanism of the Tangshan earthquake.
Bypass diode effect and photovoltaic parameter estimation under partial shading using a hill climbing neural network algorithm
Authors: Nunes H. G. G. , Morais F. A. L. , Pombo J. A. N. , Mariano S. J. P. S. , Calado M. R. A.
Published: August 2022

In recent decades, population growth and industrial evolution have led to a significant increase in the need to produce electricity. Photovoltaic energy has assumed a key role in responding to this need, mainly due to its low cost and reduced environmental impact. Therefore, predicting and controlling photovoltaic power is an indispensable task nowadays. This paper studies how photovoltaic power can be affected under non-uniform irradiance conditions, i.e., when the photovoltaic energy production system is under partial shading. Concretely, the effect of bypass diodes on the current-voltage characteristic curve, according to the shaded area, was studied and the power loss under partial shading was quantified. In addition, electrical characteristics and the temperature distribution in the photovoltaic module were analyzed. Furthermore, we propose a hill climbing neural network algorithm to precisely estimate the parameters of the single-diode and double-diode models under partial shading conditions and, consequently, predict the photovoltaic power output. Different shading scenarios in an outdoor photovoltaic system were created to experimentally study how partial shading of a photovoltaic module affects the current-voltage characteristic curve. Six shading patterns of a single cell were examined, as well as three shading patterns of cells located in one or more strings. The hill climbing neural network algorithm was experimentally validated with standard datasets and different shading scenarios. The results show that the hill climbing neural network algorithm can find highly accurate solutions with low computational cost and high reliability. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrates that the proposed approach has an excellent performance and can be a promising method in estimating the photovoltaic model parameters under partial shading conditions.
Comprehensive Evaluation Index System of Distribution Network for Distributed Photovoltaic Access
Authors: Xiao Jinxing , Ye Ying , Wang Fa , Shen Jieshi , Gao Feng
Published: August 2022

Affected by the light intensity and multiple adjacent stations, the output power of photovoltaic power stations presents the characteristics of randomness and correlation, which puts forward new requirements for the safe operation and planning evaluation of the distribution network. First, in order to accurately describe the randomness and fluctuation of photovoltaic output, a Gaussian mixture model based on an improved optimal particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed, and the joint probability density function of multiple photovoltaic outputs is solved. Then, the power flow equation is linearized, the linear expressions of bus voltage and line power flow are derived, and the joint probability distributions of multi-node voltage and multi-line power flow are obtained, respectively. Based on this, the reliability index and voltage quality index in the presence of the distributed renewable energy were constructed. Finally, the novel power grid planning evaluation index is tested in a real system in China, the combined weight is determined by the analytic hierarchy process, and the comprehensive evaluation results are obtained. The simulation results prove the feasibility of the evaluation index system.
Carbon Neutrality, International Trade, and Agricultural Carbon Emission Performance in China
Authors: Li Gaoya , Hou Cuiping , Zhou Xijun
Published: August 2022

International trade and agricultural development play important roles in carbon neutrality. This study uses the Malmquist index to quantify agricultural carbon emission performance and the panel data regression model to analyze the relationship between international trade and agricultural carbon emission performance. Data from 2005 to 2020 were used. The results show that the agricultural carbon emission of China has increased slowly since 2005. There is still an improvement space for low-carbon agricultural productivity. As for the relationship between agricultural international trade and carbon emission performance, the coefficient of the total trade in agricultural products is 0.0444. Suggestions on agricultural international trade and the development of low-carbon agricultural production are put forward, which will provide technical support for carbon neutrality.