bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Summary of Stop Lamp-Related Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and NHTSA Interpretations, Relative to ATC, Stability Control Interventions, Engine Retarders/Exhaust Brakes
Authors:   Truck and Bus Brake Systems Committee
Published: October 2018

Provide previous stop light activation research into single document for future reference.

Relevant documents and interpretations noted in Table 1.
Identifying factors for incorporating spatial data into BIM using the Delphi method
Authors: Yusof Nor'Aini , Mohd Ishak Siti Salwa , Doheim Rahma
Published: October 2018

Construction industry players are now realising the need to implement Building Information Modeling (BIM) at the preconstruction planning stage to allow spatial data of the site to be incorporated into the BIM. Incorporating spatial data in BIM as early as possible in the building lifecycle poses a new challenge to industry players, particularly to the consultants who collect and provide these data. The aim of this study is to identify important factors for incorporating spatial data into the BIM at the preconstruction planning stage. Three rounds of the Delphi method were employed to obtain a consensus among twenty construction industry experts, selected through purposeful sampling. The findings revealed seven consolidated factors, with Technology, Client Demand, and Added Value as the top three, followed by Regulations, Skilled Staff, Management Commitment and Data Management. Experts were significantly in agreement with each other, as indicated by the Kendall’s W Coefficient = 0.6505 significant at < 0.005. The findings highlight the requirements for utilizing spatial data in the BIM at the preconstruction planning stage and help the respective professional bodies to identify the prerequisites for BIM application and subsequently, improve the existing training for the professional development of their members.
La observación formativa como instrumento de desarrollo en profesores universitarios en la Universidad Europea de Madrid
Authors: Martínez Vargas Ana Elena , Cruz Chust Ana María , Bamond Lozano Victoria María , Fernández Chaves Ismael , Strotmann Birgit
Published: October 2018

La incorporación de modalidades de aprendizaje alternativas, como la observación formativa, en los planes de formación del profesorado en España hasta la fecha ha sido relativamente escasa. La Universidad Europea incorporó esta modalidad en su Plan de Desarrollo en el curso 2014-2015, analizando sus efectos en 12 profesores de diferentes perfiles. Las principales conclusiones hacen referencia a la buena acogida de esta modalidad por parte de los profesores sobre todo en su rol de observadores, su valor en la actualización de estrategias docentes, la mejora de la comprensión del entorno universitario para profesores noveles y la reflexión compartida que genera sobre la práctica docente. Los profesores destacan como aspectos a revisar la imposición de la acción formativa y la dificultad en encontrar horarios compatibles. Por último, los entrevistados con perfil más académico, aunque se perciben como mejores profesores, sienten que incorporan menos conexiones en su docencia con el mundo profesional.
Necessidades de saúde de familiares de usuários de substâncias psicoativas
Authors: Lima Deivson Wendell da Costa , Leite Andreza Carla Queiroz Bezerra , Vieira Alcivan Nunes , Leite Amélia Resende , Luis Margarita Antonia Villar , Azevedo Lívia Dayane Sousa , Melo Juce Ally Lopes de
Published: October 2018

Buscou-secompreender as necessidades de saúde de familiares de usuários de substâncias psicoativas(SPA). Pesquisa descritiva realizada com familiares dos usuários acompanhados em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, cujos dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas. Após análise de conteúdo identificaram-se categorias: necessidade de saúde como doença localizada no corpo biológico, necessidade de saúde como reprodução social e necessidade de saúde centrada nas relações e no cuidado. As necessidades de saúde são percebidas como necessidade de cuidado com corpo, mente e espírito. O que não se manifesta por meio de sinais e sintomas nem sempre é reconhecido. Identificou-se tendência em não reconhecer formas de adoecer oriundas do convívio com os usuários de SPA. Há uma demanda de compartilhar problemas com pessoas dispostas a escutar, sejam profissionais ou não. Os profissionais devem estar atentos a estas necessidades que podem implicar no esquecimento dos cuidados com a própria saúde por parte dos familiares.
AVALIAÇÃO EXTERNA DOS CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO E AS DISCUSSÕES SOBRE DIVERSIDADE ÉTNICO-RACIAL E PROBLEMÁTICAS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Passos Giselle Soares , Silva Murilo Borges , Oliveira Suzana Ribeiro Lima , Moura Júnior Francisco Tomaz de , Benite-Ribeiro Sandra Aparecida
Published: October 2018

A educação superior brasileira é composta por um conjunto de instituições, públicas e privadas, que, em 2004, torna-se objeto de uma normatização federal (Lei nº 10.861) cujo escopo é instituir o Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (Sinaes). Tal sistema visa avaliar os cursos de graduação atribuindo-lhes um conceito que vai de 1 a 5, sendo os conceitos ≤ 2, insuficiente e os conceitos ≥ 3, suficientes. Desse modo, a partir das metodologias descritas no artigo “Relato da metodologia geral de estudo do diagnóstico do ensino de graduação” do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep), dos relatórios das visitas in loco dos cursos de graduação e dos conceitos do Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes (Enade) da Universidade Federal de Goiás/Regional Jataí (UFG/REJ), buscou-se catalogar os conceitos dos cursos da referida instituição, apontando a forma como eles incorporam as discussões sobre a cultura afro-brasileira, o papel do negro na sociedade atual, além das problemáticas ambientais.
AVALIAÇÃO QUANTITATIVA E CIENTOMETRIA DOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Stricto Sensu DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS, REGIONAL JATAÍ, NO PERÍODO DE 2013 A 2017
Authors: Amaral Andréia Vitor Couto do , Banys Vera Lúcia , Bocchi Adriana Luize
Published: October 2018

Sabendo-se da importância da formação e da fixação de mestres e doutores em todas as regiões do país, especialmente para a interiorização e para o desenvolvimento do Estado de Goiás, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar quantitativamente a pós-graduação Stricto Sensu e fazer um levantamento cientométrico do quadro de docentes permanentes dos programas de pós-graduação da Regional Jataí (REJ), no período de 2013 a 2016 e comparar com os resultados das análises do ano de 2017 a partir dos dados disponíveis nos relatórios da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES), no Scholar Google e no Web of Science. Os dados foram organizados utilizando-se o programa Excel 2013 da Microsoft®, versão for Windows 10, o que permitiu a montagem de quadros e gráficos para as análises descritivas. Foi observado aumento no número de discentes titulados, de matriculados, de docentes permanentes e de publicações científicas quando são comparadas as médias do quadriênio 2013-2016 com os resultados de 2017. Pôde-se concluir que a pós-graduação Stricto Sensu da Regional Jataí apresentou crescimento, em número de programas, ingressantes e titulados superior à média nacional, no período avaliado. Entretanto, ainda são necessárias ações para que este crescimento também seja acompanhado do aumento da produção científica qualificada e da internacionalização dos programas e, por consequência, do conceito CAPES possibilitando a abertura de cursos de doutorado
AVALIAÇÃO QUANTITATIVA E CRÍTICA DA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO LATO SENSU DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS, REGIONAL JATAÍ, DESDE A SUA CRIAÇÃO ATÉ A ATUALIDADE
Authors: Bocchi Adriana Luize , Banys Vera Lúcia , Amaral Andréia Vitor Couto do
Published: October 2018

Objetivou avaliar quantitativamente a pós-graduação Lato Sensu na Regional Jataí, desde a sua criação até a atualidade, mostrando o número de cursos ofertados, o número de egressos dos mesmos e a evolução da oferta dos cursos de especialização pela instituição. Foi realizada a análise retrospectiva crítica e censitária dos dados relativos à pós-graduação Lato Sensu da Regional Jataí do período de janeiro de 2002 a março de 2018, disponíveis no Sistema de Pós-graduação (SISPG) da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). Os dados foram organizados utilizando-se o programa Excel 2013 da Microsoft®, versão for Windows 10, em tabelas que permitiram a avaliação descritiva dos mesmos. A primeira especialização ofertada na Regional Jataí foi a de Matemática, em 2002. Desde então, foram ofertados 24 cursos de especialização em várias áreas do conhecimento, bem como de residência multiprofissional, com a titulação de 294 profissionais nas diversas áreas do conhecimento. Pode-se concluir que, o número de cursos de pós-graduação Lato Sensu da Regional Jataí e o número de titulados desta modalidade podem ser aumentados com a adoção de medidas institucionais que facilitem a renovação de cursos já cadastrados, a inserção de novos cursos, a maior disponibilidade de técnicos administrativos para a realização do trabalho burocrático, assim como a maior valorização dos docentes vinculados a estes.
Redesigning an Information System that Reduces Health Care Accessibility Effort and
Increases User Acceptance and Satisfaction: A Comparative Effectiveness Study
Authors: Long Sandra , Monsen Karen A. , Pieczkiewicz David , Wolfson Julian , Khairat Saif
Published: October 2018

Objectives: This research tackles a critical issue in modern health care
systems—namely, to determine if creating a user-centered health information system that
is easy to utilize would lead to consumers who are more satisfied and more likely to
accept the system. Materials and Methods: The health information system is a consumer
service center that receives inquiries from consumers on how to find and pay for care.
To understand if a system designed to decrease effort results in satisfaction, we
redesigned the system, deployed it for 3 months, and then compared consumer satisfaction
results to a control group. Satisfaction and Net Promoter surveys were provided to
consumers who used the control system and consumers using the redesigned system.Results:
This study was completed over a 6 month continual time period where over 100,000
consumer interactions took place. Using 11 different metrics and data from over 5,000
random system users, it was shown that consumers were more satisfied with an information
system designed to reduce their administrative effort. Discussion: While not all
consumer survey results were statistically significant, they all showed a shift towards
improved satisfaction with the health care system. Statistically, it was shown that
there was a dependency between the design of the system to provide information and many
needs of the consumers. Conclusion: A health care system designed to reduce effort in
accessing care results in improved consumer satisfaction. Consumers are also more likely
to trust the assistance provided by the organization.
Variáveis hidrológicas de cultivos de Litopenaeus vannamei com adição de microrganismos biorremediadores
Authors: Santos Glauber Pereira de Carvalho , Pereira Sônia Valéria , Mendes Emiko Shinozaki , Silva Luis Otavio Brito da , Macedo Silvio José de
Published: October 2018

O uso de microrganismos biorremediadores e/ou probiótico tem sido utilizado por 1/3 das fazendas de camarão no Brasil. Neste sentido, um experimento foi conduzido durante 18 semanas para avaliar as variáveis hidrobiológicas do cultivo semi intensivo de Litopenaeus vannamei em viveiros com adição de microrganismos biorremediadores. Duas estratégias foram utilizadas: uma com adição microrganismos biorremediadores (BIO) e outra sem microrganismos biorremediadores (SEM). Camarões L. vannamei (Pl20) foram povoados em viveiros comerciais de 2,0 ha em uma densidade de 30 camarões/m2. Os microrganismos biorremediadores foram composto de bactérias ácido lactica, actinomicetos, leveduras, extrato vegetal e minerais. Significativas diferenças foram encontradas na demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, clorofila a e Vibrios (P < 0.05) entre as duas estratégias. No que diz respeito as condições de sanidade, um menor número de lesões nos camarões foram verificadas em viveiros com microrganismos biorremediadores. Neste contexto a aplicação diária de microrganismos biorremediadores demonstrou efeito positivo no aumento da degradação da materia orgânica da água e melhores condições de saúde dos camarões cultivados.
ÍNDICES DE CONFORMAÇÃO CORPORAL DE EQUÍDEOS CRIADOS NO PANTANAL
Authors: REZENDE MARCOS PAULO GONÇALVES , SOUZA JULIO CESAR , OLIVEIRA NICACIA MONTEIRO
Published: October 2018

Os índices de conformação corporal (ICC) possibilita estimar aptdões de equinos. Não existem estudos que avaliem ICC em diferente grupos genéticos (GG) de equídeos puros criados no Pantanal. O objetivo foi avaliar ICC de 452 equídeos distribuídos em Árabe, Quarto de Milha, Pantaneiro, Crioulo, equinos e muares mestiços. Foram mensurados nos equídeos medidas lineares e através da combinações destas, realizou-se a estimação dos ICC. Para análise da diversidade entre os grupos genéticos, utilizou-se procedimento univariados e multivariados. Os ICC apresentam diferenças entre os grupos genéticos de equídeos criados no Pantanal. Pode-se hipotisar que os produtores tem optado por utilizar raças exóticas na produção de equinos e muares mestiços, visto o menor distanciamento encontrado entre a Crioula e Quarto de Milha, e maior com a raça local (Pantaneira). Equinos Pantaneiros, equinos e muares mestiços fêmeas possui menor aptdão para tarefas que exigem força, menor porte corporal e capacidade de carga, aptdões para sela em relação as raças puras exóticas. Apesar dos equinos Pantaneiros apresentarem menores aptdões para aitvidade que exijam força e capacidade de carga em relação as raças exóticas, não houve uma diferença de classificação suficiente para mudar o tipo coporal do animal (brevelíneo, mediolíneo e longelíneo), e considerando que esta raça possui perfil eumétrico (médio porte) e já adaptada as condições do Pantanal, os produtores podem optar seu uso quando se busca agregar também a rusticidade nos animais.
DIAGNÓSTICO SITUACIONAL DA ADESÃO ÀS BOAS PRÁTICAS HIGIÊNICAS EM SUPERMERCADOS DE UM MUNICÍPIO DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE CURITIBA-PR, Brasil
Authors: Dos Santos Danieli Muchalak , Lopes Marcia Oliveira , Constantino Caroline , Morikawa Vivien Midori , Hildebrando Luana Costa Lima , Queiroz Jairo Fernandes de
Published: October 2018

Supermercados são os principais equipamentos de aquisição de alimentos pela população. A baixa adesão às Boas Práticas higiênicas em tais estabelecimentos pode comprometer a oferta de alimentos seguros. Objetivando-se identificar a adequação às Boas Práticas em supermercados de um município da região metropolitana de Curitiba, realizou-se um estudo exploratório-descritivo em 19 supermercados por meio da aplicação de um checklist abordando 20 áreas do setor supermercadista em 376 itens. Os estabelecimentos foram classificados segundo apresentação de conformidades, dado que: 10,53%(n=2) alcançaram classificação 1, com 76 a 100% de conformidade; 15,79%(n=3) atingiram classificação 2, entre 51 a 75% de conformidade; e 73,68%(n=14) apresentaram classificação 3, com percentual de conformidade com a legislação sanitária inferior a 50%. Constatou-se alto índice de irregularidades em áreas que não são visíveis ao consumidor, como nas câmaras frias de produtos cárneos refrigerados que apresentaram produtos em contato direto com o piso em 47,37% (n=9) dos casos. Observou-se a presença de contaminação cruzada em 57,89% (n=11) dos balcões refrigerados; 52,63% (n=10) das câmaras frias de produtos cárneos refrigerados; e 31,58% (n=6) das câmaras frias de produtos cárneos congelados. Notou-se a utilização de alimentos vencidos em 36,84%(n=7) das padarias. Quanto à higiene pessoal dos manipuladores, verificou-se que 84,21% (n=16) dos sanitários não apresentavam pia com sabonete líquido e papel toalha para a adequada higienização das mãos. A presença ou vestígios de pragas foi constatada em 63,16%(n=12) dos casos. Dessa forma, o panorama sanitário identificado demonstrou ausência de conformidade em áreas críticas para segurança alimentar, caracterizando risco à saúde do consumidor.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Vargas J. V. C.
Published: October 2018

After the Industrial Revolution, the average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. The world's average per capita income increased over tenfold, while the world's population increased over sixfold in the two centuries that followed, resulting in consumerism, i.e., people’s desire to purchase goods and services in ever greater amounts. Some ecological economists recognize the inherent conflict between consumer-driven consumption and planetwide ecological degradation. Actually, the question of energy and natural resources availability needs to be treated with adequate scientific depth. The conservation laws of mass, momentum, energy and species have been known for centuries. Those principles state that mass, momentum, energy, and chemical species are conserved in the universe, continuously transforming into other forms, through different physical and chemical processes. These transformations occur irreversibly, thus reducing energy availability for use, i.e., with thermodynamic losses according to the second law of thermodynamics, which in turn could and should be minimized. Therefore, as humanity advanced scientific knowledge, theoretically it would be possible, by means of appropriate technological development to make use of energy and natural resources perennially. In sum, the concept that should be invoked for the increase or reduction of consumerism could be summarized in one very popular word currently, i.e., sustainability. So, what is necessary for mankind survival and of the world as we know it, is the search for the balance between consumerism and the available technology in the moment we live. On the other hand, the imbalance between these two variables could definitely lead to catastrophic consequences. Following that reasoning, the question to be answered is as follows: is it possible to reach such balance as society evolves in time?
EFFECTS OF STRAIN RATE AND TEMPERATURE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GFRP COMPOSITES
Authors: Coelho J. L. V. , Reis J. M. L.
Published: October 2018

In this work, the mechanical response of a composite material based on glass fibers embedded in an epoxy resin was experimentally studied as a function of strain rate and temperature. It was shown that for the temperature range from 23 to 100 °C the elastic properties of the composite are significant affected and the strain rate influences only the ultimate strength. The experimental research data and the approaches presented in this work should significantly extend our knowledge of the effect of elevated temperatures on the mechanical behavior of high temperature polymer matrix composites.
OBTAINING TEMPERATURE FIELDS AS A FUNCTION OF EFFICIENCY IN TIG WELDING BY NUMERICAL MODELING
Authors: Guimarães P. B. , Pedrosa P. M. A. , Yadava Y. P. , Siqueira Filho A. V. , Barbosa J. M. A. , Ferreira R. A. S.
Published: October 2018

The temperature field serves as the basis for predicting levels of residual stress in a welded joint. The aspects related to the mathematical modeling of complex welding procedures were pondered with the FEM: variations in the physical and mechanical properties of the materials as a function of the temperature, the transience and the speed of the welding process, the material phase transformations, the different mechanisms of heat exchange with the environment (convection and radiation), all them associated with a high level of nonlinearity. The heat source used in this analytical model for heat supply was the double ellipsoid model proposed by Goldak (2005), in which a 60 mm x 50 mm and 3 mm rectangular ASTM AH36 steel plate was used for the TIG process simulations. It was made a comparison of temperature fields for three different values of process efficiency (60%, 70% and 80%). The results showed many differences in the temperature fields following changes in the levels of residual stresses which will be determined in further studies.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEEDINGS TO DETERMINE ROLL WAVES IN OPEN CHANNELS
Authors: Fiorot G. H. , Maciel G. F. , Kitano C.
Published: October 2018

The goal of this paper is consolidate a representative model previously developed by RMVP team (Rheological Studies on Viscous and Viscousplastic Materials) from UNESP - Ilha Solteira, for a typical phenomenonthat occurs on spillways, river's bed, landslides, mudflows, blood flows, for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, known as roll waves. Another goal of this paper is present an experimental project designed for capturing measurements (amplitude and wavelength) of these instabilities. From a mathematical perspective, a first-order analytical model is showed, based on Cauchy's equations system, once developed by the team (Ferreira, 2007), which provides a generation condition for roll waves through temporal linear stability analysis. This model follows the remarkable work of Dressler (1949) and it is able to generate roll waves for many rheological configurations, from Newtonian to Herschel & Bulkley models, representing clean water up to muddy mixtures, respectively. A numerical routine developed in Matlab/Simulink is used to show some results that illustrate roll waves pattern. Due to the lack of roll waves data (amplitude and wavelength), the team started to focus on the experimental approach of the phenomenon, aiming to design an apparatus that would be capable to reproduce roll waves in special conditions of flow, isolated from external perturbations. This project is here presented along with a proposal of a photometric system to ascertain measures of the flow height through light absorption technique, based on experiments found in the literature. The final execution of this experiment and the correct obtaining of amplitude and wavelength will contribute for the validation of the model here presented.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPING TURBULENT FLOW IN A CLOSED COMPOUND CHANNEL
Authors: Souza S. I. S. , Goulart J. N. V.
Published: October 2018

The study of turbulence characteristics in compound channels is still focus of attention. A lot of experimental results have been produced. Main results have revealed a mixing layer formation between main subchannel and the gap region, implying the flow might be ruled by local scales. The outcomes have pointed to the instabilities of mixing layer are responsible for large structures formation between main channel and narrow gap. Furthermore, the periodical behavior of these structures seems to be ruled by mean mixing layer characteristics, as velocity difference, velocity of convection and mixing layer thickness. By using ANSYS-CFX-12, with unsteady Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes and as turbulence model Spalart-Allmaras (SA), a compound channel was studied. Numerical results predicted velocity profile with high vorticity peaks and flow instabilities starting at L/Dh = 15.
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS AND HUMAN BODY
Authors: Mady C. E. K. , Ferreira M. S. , Yanagihara J. I. , Oliveira Jr S. , Saldiva P. H. N.
Published: October 2018

Exergy analysis was applied to assess the energy conversion processes that take place in the human body, aiming at developing correlations of the destroyed exergy and exergy efficiency with the constants of the thermoregulatory system of a human model. Moreover the main concern of the present work was obtaining the exergy behavior of a healthy person. The analysis was applied to a model composed of 15 cylinders with elliptical cross section representing: head, neck, trunk, arms, forearms, hands, thighs, legs, and feet. For each cylinder a combination of the following tissues was considered: skin, fat, muscle, bone, brain, viscera, lung, and heart. From this model it was possible to obtain the energy and exergy transfer to the environment associated with radiation, convection, vaporization and respiration. It was also possible to calculate the energy and exergy variation of the body over time. Results indicate that the energy transfer to the environment is one order of magnitude larger than the exergy transfer and both have different trends. Simulations were carried out for different constants of the thermoregulatory system, and the results that gave the thermal response close to experimental responses of the human body, are in a point near to the minimum exergy destruction and maximum exergy efficiency.
THERMAL POST-BUCKLING OF SLENDER ELASTIC RODS WITH DIFFERENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: Solano R. F. , Vaz M. A.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents mathematical formulation, critical buckling temperature and analytical and numerical solutions for the thermal post-buckling behavior of slender rods subjected to uniform thermal load. The material is assumed to be linear elastic, homogeneous and isotropic. Furthermore, large displacements are considered hence the formulation is geometrically non-linear. Three different boundary conditions are assumed: (i) double-hinged non-movable, (ii) hinged non-movable at one end, whereas at the other end longitudinal displacement is constrained by a linear spring, and (iii) double-fixed non-movable. The governing equations are derived from geometrical compatibility, equilibrium of forces and moments, constitutive equations and strain-displacement relation, yielding a set of six first-order non-linear ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions specified at both ends, which constitutes a complex boundary value problem. The buckling and post-buckling solutions are respectively accomplished assuming infinitesimal and finite rotations. The results are presented in non-dimensional graphs for a range of temperature gradients and different values of slenderness ratios, and it is shown that this parameter governs the rod post-buckling response. The influence of the boundary conditions is evaluated through graphic results for deformed configuration, maximum deflection, maximum inclination angle and maximum curvature in the rod.
DILUTE PHASE VERTICAL PNEUMATIC CONVEYING OF CORK STOPPERS
Authors: Barbosa R. , Pinho C.
Published: October 2018

The pneumatic conveying of cork stoppers is used in the cork processingindustries with equipments designed and built purely on an empirical basis.Experimental studies to characterize this type of pneumatic transportationhave been, so far, oriented towards the study of horizontal conveying processes, either for steady state transportation or for the acceleration zone.However studies were carried out on the determination of the pressure dropon vertical transportation of cork stoppers. Here the experimental apparatusand procedure are described, and the first experimental data that have beenobtained are shown. In consequence a simple correlation for the pressure drop in the steady state region of the conveying pipe is proposed. Thecorrelation is a function of dimensionless parameters used to characterizethe two phase flow under analysis. Three standard stoppers sizes and a single pipe diameter were used in the experiments, all carried out at ambient temperature.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NATURAL CONVECTION IN HORIZONTAL ANNULI AT LOW AND MODERATE Ra
Authors: Padilla E. L. M. , Campregher R. , Silveira-Neto A.
Published: October 2018

The natural convection at low and moderate Rayleigh numbers (Ra) incylindrical horizontal annuli with imposed temperatures in both surfaces isnumerically studied. This flow inside concentric cylinders classic configuration has a wide range of practical and technological applications, which justifies its growing studies efforts. In this work, the governing equations are discretized by the volume finite technique over a staggered grid, with second-order accuracy in space and time. The flow pattern is presented by several Rayleigh numbers, with an analysis of the heat transfer coefficient and flow properties. Furthermore, a three-dimensional field is shown at a moderate Ra number. The results showed a good agreement with the experimental data.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THERMAL DIODES
Authors: Machado H. A. , Ramos A. G.
Published: October 2018

The thermal diode consists in a common brick empty inside, where the internal cavity is geometrically arranged as two rectangles, disposed one over the other but not aligned. When the lower side is heated, natural convection in the air inside yields high heat transfer rates from this side to the other. When the upper side is heated, the heat transfer should run by pure conduction, and the brick with air inside works as a thermal insulator. As this brick allows a good conductance in one direction and insulation in the opposite sense, it behaves as an electric diode, being known as thermal diode. This principle is already known for a long time, but its use is still not extensive, and there are no basic rules for the cavity design or even a theoretical study of viability for this use replacing the conventional insulation systems. The objective of this work is to simulate the heat transfer process inside a thermal diode, in order to obtain the optimal geometry and dimensions and to verify the viability of its use in buildings for thermal optimization. The numerical data are validated through comparing with that obtained from the test applied to cellular concrete bricks.
GALERKIN LEAST-SQUARES APPROXIMATIONS FOR FLOWS OF CASSON FLUIDS THROUGH AN EXPANSION
Authors: Zinani F. S. F. , Frey S.
Published: October 2018

Among non-Newtonian fluid models, purely viscous constitutive equations play an important role in industrial applications regardless their lack of accuracy in non-viscometric flows. In this work we are concerned with the flow of viscoplastic shear-thinning fluids in complex geometry. Viscoplastic fluids are those that behave as extremely high viscosity materials when submitted to low stresses and that flow when submitted to stresses higher than a yield stress value. Usually, they also present shearthinning behavior. Fluids such as molten chocolate, xanthan gum solutions, blood, wastewater sludges, muds, and polymer solutions present viscoplastic shear-thinning features. In order to approximate numerically viscoplastic shear-thinning flows we first describe a mechanical model based on continuum mechanics conservation laws of mass and momentum. The description of material behavior is such as to respect certain principles of objectivity and generality in continuum mechanics. The Generalized Newtonian Liquid constitutive equation with Casson viscosity function is able to predict viscoplasticity and shear-thinning. The numerical approximation of the equations is performed by a finite element method. To prevent the model from pathologies known for the classic Galerkin method, we employ a stabilized method based on a Galerkin least-squares (GLS) scheme, which is designed to circumvent Babuška-Brezzi condition and deal with the asymmetry of the advective operator. We present approximations for the flow through a planar 4:1 sudden expansion. We investigate the influence of Reynolds and Casson numbers on the flow dynamics.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Vargas J. V. C.
Published: October 2018

Fossil fuels are currently recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and the contribution of these fuels to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the environment. Therefore, renewable, carbon neutral, alternative fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Several countries have been considering the use of alternative fuels derived from agriculture. In that context, ethanol derived from sugar-cane and/or corn crops, and biodiesel derived from oil crops are potential renewable and carbon neutral alternatives to fossil fuels. Unfortunately, fuel from crops, waste and animal fat cannot realistically satisfy even a small fraction of the existing global demand for fuels. In Brazil, the government has been subsiding ethanol from sugar-cane crops for more than 30 years, and together with research investment on oil off-shore exploration, the initiative made possible for the country, at least for the moment, to become energy self sufficient, but due to oil supplies depletion, that scenery will change in the near future. Another limiting factor is cost. For example, the economic aspect of biodiesel production limits its development and large-scale use. Biodiesel usually costs almost twice the price per liter of conventional diesel fuel, currently in the US.Apart from economic aspects, it is clear that biofuel production technology needs to be improved to meet global fuel demand rate. One possible direction is the use of microalgae, that appear to be the only source of renewable biodiesel that is capable of meeting the diesel fuel global demand. Like plants, microalgae use sunlight to produce oils but they do so more efficiently than crop plants. Oil productivity of many microalgae greatly exceeds the oil productivity of the best producing oil crops.Approaches for making microalgal biodiesel economically competitive therefore need to be developed.The mission of Engenharia Térmica is to document the scientific progress in areas related to energy, particularly oil and renewables. We are confident we will continue to receive articles’ submissions that help enable sustainable energy solutions in the near future.
LOW COST ALTERNATIVE SOLAR COLLECTOR WITH ABSORPTION SURFACE FORMED BY PVC TUBES
Authors: Souza L. G. M. , Santos R. D. , L. Neto H. J.
Published: October 2018

A no conventional new model of solar collector is presented, composed for multiple units of PVC tubes in parallel to absorb solar radiation, through a new model of linking between same and the pipes of admission and water exit. The collector’s box is made with a composite of matrix ceramic and coated with resin, propitiating the elimination of the thermal isolation, usually glass wool.  The collector is composed of only three elements: the box, the absorb grid and glass. It will board constructive aspects, demonstrating the easiness to manufacture such archetype that is characterized for presenting a cost of manufacture sufficiently reduced. It will be presented values of thermal parameters of the collectors, working in regimen of thermosiphon in a volume of water in the order of 250 liters (66.03 gallons). One will demonstrate the thermal, economic and the materials viability of this collector, enabling it to serve as another option to the conventional systems of market heating, mainly to the attainment of low temperatures.
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A COMPUTATIONAL PROGRAM FOR SIMULATING HYBRID SOLAR AND GAS WATER HEATING SYSTEMS
Authors: Lafay J. M. S. , Krenzinger A.
Published: October 2018

This work presents the methodology and results of the validation of a computer program for the simulation of water heating systems combining solar energy and gas. Two experimental systems, named series and parallel, were assembled. These systems have the same components, differing on how they are connected. All the components were individually characterized and their parameters determined. Simulations of the behavior of the thermal tank, gas heater and solar collector were performed and confronted to experimental data. The results show that the simulation program “AQUESOLGAS” can accurately describe the behavior of water heating systems with solar energy and gas.
FLOW IN POROUS ELEMENTS: A THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF THE CAPILLARY EFFORTS CAUSED BY WATER PERCOLATION IN MASONRY POROUS ELEMENTS
Authors: França A. C. , Carrocci L. R.
Published: October 2018

The identification of cracks in masonry bricks is quite common, not only after the edification but also during the process. Moistness absorbed by the elements of the wall (bricks and mortar) is one those factors. This moistness comes from the air, rain, soil absorption and even the excess of water in the laying mortar. In contact with the wall porous elements, the moistness will contribute to the capillary percolation, giving berth to considerable internal efforts which will induce the presence of cracks. This study leads to an analysis for the obtainment of fluid pressure and velocity medium values, measuring the deformation of the elements. The paper brings the equating to predict and estimate the velocities and efforts medium values in the ceramics elements. The flow in porous elements is studied and a proposal of modelingto estimate Velocities and Efforts values is presented.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLUID FLOW IN A CUBIC CAVITY WITH A FOUR-FINNED DISSIPATOR PLACED ON THE BOTTOM SURFACE
Authors: Brito R. F. , Alencar H. S. , Rodrigues L. O. , Menon G. J. , Nascimento M. A. R.
Published: October 2018

Heat transfer by laminar natural convection in confined spaces is of great interest in the engineering field. The flow that occurs in a cavity is an important physical phenomenon that must be investigated, as it can beapplied to projects of electronic components of electrical circuits with heatdissipators. The objective of the numerical model consists of evaluating theamount of heat transferred by the fins and also visualizing the velocity field and the isothermal lines in the fluid (air) and solid (aluminum) domains. The surface of the electronic component is kept at a high uniform temperature. The vertical surfaces are uniformly kept at low temperatures. The inferior horizontal surface around the electronic component and the superior horizontal surface are considered adiabatic. Four fins with rectangular crosssections are placed on the inferior surface of the electronic component. Solutions for low values of Rayleigh are obtained by keeping the Prandtl number equal to 0.70. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used. Hence, the Finite Volume Method (FVM) with Eulerian scheme is applied to solve the conservation equations for the unsteady state. It is assembled a 3D model with width wide enough to eliminate the wall effect in the flow and then enabling one to compare the results with 2D cases from literature. The present work shows that not only the increase of the Rayleigh number, but also the presence of the fins augments the heat transfer.
CONTAINER FOR THE TRANSPORTATION AND CONSERVATION OF IMMUNOBIOLOGICALS
Authors: Soares C. B. , Reis M. N. E. , Takane B. , Almeida F. M.
Published: October 2018

A container was developed for the transport and conservation of immunological products under low temperatures of between 2 and 8 º C, within a time span of 8 hours. The container is practical, simple and userfriendly, and can be used in places without electric power, and all these advantages are added of low operational costs. The container proposed aims at meeeting the demand of the Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI- the National Immunization Program), through Cold Chain, which sets the standards for all the procedures concerning conservation, handling, distribution and transport of the vaccine from the laboratory that produces it to the moment of inoculation.Innitially, the container was specifically developed for Vaccine for Inactive Influenza Virus against flu, which, according to a survey conducted with laboratories, is the most widely consumed, and whose conservation time span is also applicable to other immunobiologicals After the design and construction of the prototype, the container was exhaustively tested under different weather conditions. The results of the experiment are being exposed and discussed in this paper and the prototype lived up to the expectations of the reserachers in terms of the time spans and temperatures foreseen for the conservation of the vaccine selected.
CAVITATION EROSION WEAR OF METALLIC SPECIMENS USING THE NEW COMPACT ROTATING DISK DEVICE
Authors: Bazanini G. , Bressan J. D. , Klemz M. A.
Published: October 2018

A more compact version of the rotating disk device (where a disk with cavitation inducers and specimens fixed on it rotates in water to provide cavitating flow) is used here to study the failure by cavitation in metallic specimens. The damage in the specimens is measured by mass loss versus exposition time to cavitating flow diagrams. Images of the test specimens obtained by electronic microscope are also shown and discussed. After 25 hours working in cavitating conditions, aluminum, brass and cast iron are weared by the cavitation phenomenon, resulting in pitting formation and mass loss. After each 5 hours operating in cavitating conditions, the specimens are cleaned by ultrasound, dried and weighted in a digital balance to obtain the mass loss in the process by comparing to its initial weight. All specimens, aluminum, brass and cast iron, were eroded by cavitation although in the aluminum the mass loss was lesser than the expected. The brass specimen was eroded as expected, mas no mass loss could be attained for the cast iron due to specimen oxidation.
NUMERICAL APPROACHES FOR A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF AN FCCU REGENERATOR
Authors: Penteado J. C. , Negrao C. O. R. , Rossi L. F. S.
Published: October 2018

This work discusses a mathematical model of an FCCU (Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit) regenerator. The model assumes that the regenerator is divided into two regions: the freeboard and the dense bed. The latter is composed of a bubble phase and an emulsion phase. Both phases are modeled as a CSTR (Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor) in which ordinary differential equations are employed to represent the conservation of mass, energy and species. In the freeboard, the flow is considered to be onedimensional, and the conservation principles are represented by partial differential equations to describe space and time changes. The main aim ofthis work is to compare two numerical approaches for solving the set of partial and ordinary differential equations, namely, the fourth-order Runge-Kutta and implicit finite-difference methods. Although both methods give very similar results, the implicit finite-difference method can be much faster. Steady-state results were corroborated by experimental data, and the dynamic results were compared with those in the literature (Han and Chung, 2001b). Finally, an analysis of the model’s sensitivity to the boundary conditions was conducted.
APPLIED SOLAR ENERGY IN THE REDUCTION OF THE POISON OF THE RICINUS COMMUNIS PIE
Authors: Cöuras Ford E. T. L. , Mendes J. U. L. , Souza E. M.
Published: October 2018

The solar energy was used as a source of heating in Ricinus communis pie with the objective of eliminating or minimizing the percentage of the poison in it, so that it can be used as animal feed. A solar cylinder and plane collector were used as heating system. In the focal area of the solar concentrator a gutter support endowed with stove effect was placed. Parameters that denote the efficiency of the systems for the proposed objective was analyzed.
GRADIENT OF TEMPERATURE IN COMPOSITE OF FIBER OF COCO-LATEX
Authors: Cöuras Ford E. T. L. , Mendes J. U. L. , Lima R. S. , Souza E. M.
Published: October 2018

Given the unquestionable need of environmental preservation, the natural fibers have been seen as a salutary alternative for production of composites in substitution to the synthetic fibers, vitreous and metallic. In this work, the behavior of a composite was analyzed done with fiber of the peel of the coconut as reinforcement and latex as head office, when submitted the source of heat. The temperature profiles were verified in the internal surfaces and it expresses of the composite as well as the temperature gradient in the same. It was also analyzed the behavior of this composite when submitted to a cold source. Consequently, with respect to the responses of the system, conclusions were reached.
HEAT TRANSFER IN MULTI-CONNECTED AND IRREGULAR DOMAINS WITH NON-UNIFORM MESHES
Authors: Romão E. C. , Aparecido J. B. , Campos-Silva J. B. , Moura L. F. M.
Published: October 2018

In this work is presented a numerical solution for temperature profile in two-dimensional diffusion inside irregular multi-connected geometry. The special discretization has been done by two variants of the finite Element Method: Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM) and Least Squares Finite Element Method (LSFEM). Three applications are presented. The first for a regular double connected domain; the second for a regular multi-connected domain and the third application for an irregular multi-connected domain. In all applications are considered Dirichlet boundary conditions. The results obtained in the present work are compared with results from Ansys® simulations. The results of each method are presented and discussed and the characteristics and advantages of the methods are also discussed.
TRANSIENT MODELING AND SIMULATION OF COMPACT PHOTOBIOREACTORS
Authors: Ribeiro R. L. L. , Mariano A. B. , Souza J. A. , Vargas J. V. C.
Published: October 2018

In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to make possible the simulation of microalgae growth and its dependency on medium temperature and light intensity. The model is utilized to simulate a compact photobioreactor response in time with physicochemical parameters of the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The model allows for the prediction of the transient and local evolution of the biomass concentration in the photobioreactor with low computational time. As a result, the model is expected to be a useful tool for simulation, design, and optimization of compact photobioreactors. Numerical solutions of the mathematical model are presented for the visualization of biomass concentration and total production. Several simulations were performed with temperatures ranging from 274 K to 300 K , and the maximum biomass production was achieved with an operating temperature of 294 K.
THERMODYNAMIC EVALUATION OF A TWO STAGES COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM INTEGRATED TO AN ABSORPTION SYSTEM
Authors: Corrêa G. A. , Souza J. A. , Prentice-Hernández C. , Rocha L. A. O.
Published: October 2018

This work is based on the principles of administration, with technical and economic data from a frigorific fishing industry, at analyzing the convenience of integrating to the existing refrigeration system (by vapor compression) a refrigeration system by absorption. By comparing the existing system, and this one integrated with absorption, it was applied a thermodynamic evaluation for a mean frigorific output of 33.43 kW. The profitable result obtained from this evaluation indicated the feasibility of the integrated refrigeration system, with an operation time of up to 25.64 %, less than the existing refrigeration system, enabling a lower amount of time for investment return than five years. In the evaluation, they were compared the energetic model, associating energy and the operation cost. The highest profitability of integrated system shows, for the system applied in the industry, that by applying such system it contributes to lower the operations costs, with further results of increased in the product offer, and competitiveness in marketing frigorific items.
CONSTRUCTAL THEORY APPLIED TO THE GEOMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF ELLIPTICAL CAVITIES INTO A SOLID CONDUCTING WALL
Authors: Rocha L. A. O. , Biserni C. , Lorenzini E.
Published: October 2018

This work reports, according to Bejan’s Constructal theory, the geometric optimization of an elliptical cavity that intrudes into a solid conducting wall. The objective is to minimize the global thermal resistance between the solid and the cavity. There is uniform heat generation on the solid wall. The cavity is optimized for two sets of thermal conditions: isothermal cavity and cavity bathed by a steady stream of fluid. The solid conducting wall is isolated on the external perimeter. The total volume and the elliptical cavity volume are fixed while the geometry of the cavity is free to vary. The results show that the optimized geometrical shapes are relatively robust, i.e., insensitive to changes in some of the design parameters: the cavity shape is optimal when penetrates the conducting wall almost completely.