bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the cultural flexibility of the ACT model as an effective therapeutic group intervention for Turkish speaking communities in East London
Authors: Perry Aradhana , Gardener Chelsea , Oliver Joseph E. , Taş Çiğdem , Özenç Cansu
Published: January 2019

This study describes a successful community-based partnership project between statutory and third-sector services in East London; The City and Hackney Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) Access Service [East London NHS Foundation Trust (ELFT)] collaborated with Derman, a local community organization supporting the well-being of Turkish-speaking communities, to explore the cultural adaptability of an empirically supported, third-wave cognitive behavioural intervention, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The aim was to develop a culturally acceptable group that was responsive to the therapeutic needs of participants from Turkish-speaking communities. The study implemented a mixed-method analysis with a one group pre/post-test design to examine the effectiveness of a 7-session culturally adapted ACT group intervention and a descriptive approach was implemented to assess usefulness, relevance and acceptability. Results demonstrated an overall positive effect of the culturally adapted ACT intervention in terms of both symptoms and patient-reported outcomes. Participants showed significant improvements on measures of depression (p= 0.014), anxiety (p= 0.041) and psychological distress (p= 0.003). The magnitude of these changes was categorized as large, with effect sizes from 0.90 to 2.03. Qualitative responses indicated that the group was experienced as enjoyable and useful and was considered to be an accessible and acceptable therapeutic format. Although a pilot within clinical practice, the findings provide preliminary support for the clinical utility of ACT as an effective, culturally acceptable therapeutic approach for Turkish-speaking communities living in an urban UK setting. The study highlights the importance of culturally appropriate service development and a need for further research within this area.
Representation of Synoptic‐Scale Rossby Wave Packets and Blocking in the S2S Prediction Project Database
Authors: Quinting J. F. , Vitart F.
Published: January 2019

Rossby wave packets (RWPs) are one of the dominating midlatitude atmospheric phenomena. A realistic representation of RWPs is essential for a skillful prediction of the day‐to‐day weather and its extremes. Using an objective RWP tracking technique, this study verifies the representation of RWPs for all models in the Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) Prediction Project Database. Consistent with reanalyses, the reforecasts show one RWP every 4 days. The three models with the coarsest grid spacing tend to overestimate the propagation distance due to a negative RWP decay frequency bias over the Atlantic‐European sector. A verification of atmospheric blocking suggests that this bias is related to a negative blocking frequency bias in the same region. The biases are reduced in models with finer grid spacing. However, that this bias reduction is not only dependent on the grid spacing highlights the effect of the different representation of key physical processes on RWPs and blocking.
Cassini Radio Occultation Observations of Titan's Ionosphere: The Complete Set of Electron Density Profiles
Authors: Dalba Paul A. , Withers Paul
Published: January 2019

Titan's ionosphere is an important component of the moon's environment. Ionospheric densities above ≈900 km have been studied with in situ measurements, but few density profiles for lower altitudes has been reported. Here we report the generation of the complete set of twenty ionospheric electron density profiles from the Cassini Radio Science Subsystem instrument, including seven profiles not previously reported (inbound and outbound profiles for flybys T101, T102, and T117 and outbound profile for flyby T119). Uncertainties on average electron density profiles are generally 100–250 cm−3. On the whole, the main features of the new profiles are generally consistent with previous studies. Specifically, a single layer of plasma with peak density of 1,000–3,000 cm−3, peak altitude of 1,000–1,300 km, and full‐width at half maximum of a few hundred kilometers. Two new profiles are “disturbed” similar to three identified by previous studies. Based on inspection of the underlying individual profiles, which generally come from two ground stations on opposite sides of Earth, disturbed terrestrial ionospheric conditions are not responsible for the disturbed nature of these Titan ionospheric profiles. A significant plasma layer is present at 500–700 km in several profiles. This low‐altitude plasma layer can occur in profiles that are not disturbed.
Quantifying Emissions of CO and NOx Using Observations From MOPITT, OMI, TES, and OSIRIS
Authors: Zhang X. , Jones D. B. A. , Keller M. , Walker T. W. , Jiang Z. , Henze D. K. , Worden H. M. , Bourassa A. E. , Degenstein D. A. , Rochon Y. J.
Published: January 2019

We use the GEOS‐Chem four‐dimensional variational data assimilation system to estimate emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in November 2009 and July 2010. We assimilated CO retrievals from The Measurements of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT), ozone (O3) retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS), and NO2 columns from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). By assimilating data for multiple chemical species with the four‐dimensional variational scheme we obtain a consistent chemical state over the assimilation period. The modeled O3 bias was reduced to less than 3.5 ppbv everywhere, relative to independent aircraft O3 data, except in the high‐latitude upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. We found that in November, the CO and NOx emission estimates obtained with the multiple species assimilation were generally comparable to those inferred from assimilating only MOPITT or OMI data, respectively, whereas in July the differences were larger. For the main anthropogenic source regions, the inferred North American and European emissions responded most strongly to the multispecies information in the assimilation. In July, North American and European CO emission estimates differed by 31% and 65% relative to the MOPITT‐only estimates, respectively. We also found large differences for the North American and European NOx emission estimates, which differed by 27% and 16% relative to the OMI‐only estimates, respectively. Our results highlight the potential benefit of exploiting the additional constraints offered by multispecies chemical data assimilation.
Benchmarking NAPL Redirection and Matrix Entry at Fracture Intersections Below the Water Table
Authors: Walton Kenneth M. , Unger Andre J. A. , Ioannidis Marios A. , Parker Beth L.
Published: January 2019

This paper examines a numerical modeling approach for two‐phase flow and considers the contribution of a simple network of fracture intersections to the whole discrete fracture‐matrix flow system; it develops a benchmark problem for a non‐wetting, dense, non‐aqueous phase liquid invading a water‐saturated, discretely fractured, porous medium near a fracture intersection under cases of invader fluid redirection at the intersection, breakthrough to a constricted fracture branch, or breakthrough into the rock matrix using capillary entry pressures. Numerical simulation is performed with a multiphase, compositional DFM software, using a finite difference discretization of the governing equations. In these simulation cases, the “star‐delta” method for eliminating line‐ and point‐control volumes at fracture intersections is contrasted to retaining all control volumes, the goal being to test the efficacy of the star‐delta simplification. Flux over the domain's boundaries and mass storage are comparison metrics. Results indicate that conduits (or lack thereof) have a strong effect on NAPL architecture with an accompanying change in efflux in the case of redirection; they have some early‐time effects on architecture and efflux in constricted fracture cases. The scenario presented herein leads to multiphase flow forecasts in intersection conduits which can serve as an experimentally testable hypothesis and as a benchmark for comparisons of simulator forecasts.
Launching an Accessible Archive of Environmental Data
Authors: Varadharajan Charuleka , Cholia Shreyas , Snavely Cory , Hendrix Valerie , Procopiou Christina , Swantek Diana , Riley William , Agarwal D.
Published: January 2019

A new digital archive enables community use of terrestrial and subsurface ecosystem data sets.
How Do Turbidity Currents Accelerate?
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: January 2019

Flume experiments show that a self-reinforcing cycle can strengthen the currents responsible for transporting large amounts of sediment to the deep oceans.
Climate Change and Sea Level Rise in the Mediterranean
Authors: Sannino Gianmaria
Published: January 2019

1st National Workshop on Climate Change and Sea Level Rise in the Mediterranean; Rome, Italy, 5–6 July 2018
High-performance Raman quantum memory with optimal control in room temperature atoms
Authors: Guo Jinxian , Feng Xiaotian , Yang Peiyu , Yu Zhifei , Chen L. Q. , Yuan Chun-Hua , Zhang Weiping
Published: January 2019

Quantum memories are essential for quantum information processing. Techniques have been developed for quantum memory based on atomic ensembles. The atomic memories through optical resonance usually suffer from the narrow-band limitation. The far off-resonant Raman process is a promising candidate for atomic memories due to broad bandwidths and high speeds. However, to date, the low memory efficiency remains an unsolved bottleneck. Here, we demonstrate a high-performance atomic Raman memory in 87Rb vapour with the development of an optimal control technique. A memory efficiency of above 82.0% for 6 ns~20 ns optical pulses is achieved. In particular, an unconditional fidelity of up to 98.0%, significantly exceeding the no-cloning limit, is obtained with the tomography reconstruction for a single-photon level coherent input. Our work marks an important advance of atomic memory towards practical applications in quantum information processing.
Role of water oxidation in the photoreduction of graphene oxide
Authors: Li Hongjiang , Song Xuedan , Shi Yantao , Gao Yan , Si Duanhui , Hao Ce
Published: January 2019

By means of a H218O labeling experiment in combination with mass spectrometry tracking, we studied GO photoreduction.
A self-hydrosilylation of phosphanylhydrosilylalkynes promoted by B(C6F5)3? An experimental and mechanistic study
Authors: Huang Yanting , Wang Xiaoping , Li Yan , Yang Ming-Chung , Su Ming-Der , Zhu Hongping
Published: January 2019

Reaction of phosphanylhydrosilylalkyne with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane occurs by the intramolecular hydrosilylation between the Si-centered geminal H and CC functionalities along with the bonding of the borane or boryl group to produce (E)- and (Z)-alkenes.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence in naphthyl appended carbazole–quinoline conjugates, and their mechanical regulation
Authors: Bhattacharjee Indranil , Acharya Nirmalya , Ray Debdas
Published: January 2019

We report the first mechanical regulation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence. This study paves the way to design new responsive dual-light emitters.
A one-pot, water compatible synthesis of pyrimidine nucleobases under plausible prebiotic conditions
Authors: Okamura Hidenori , Becker Sidney , Tiede Niklas , Wiedemann Stefan , Feldmann Jonas , Carell Thomas
Published: January 2019

A prebiotically plausible one-pot formation pathway of 4-substituted pyrimidine nucleobases in water, starting from cyanoacetylene.
Computational and experimental studies on the index of antiaromaticity for 4n π-systems (n ≥ 2)
Authors: Nishinaga Tohru , Hamaoka Hinako
Published: January 2019

A method to evaluate the relative hardness of 4n π-systems (n ≥ 2) as a new experimental measure of antiaromaticity has been developed.
Difluorocarbene-derived trifluoromethylselenolation of benzyl halides
Authors: Chen Xin-Lei , Zhou Sheng-Hua , Lin Jin-Hong , Deng Qing-Hai , Xiao Ji-Chang
Published: January 2019

Cu-Promoted difluorocarbene-derived trifluoromethylselenolation of benzyl halides with the Ph3P+CF2CO2−/Se/F− system is described.
Aryl-platform-based tetrapodal 2-iodo-imidazolium as an excellent halogen bond receptor in aqueous medium
Authors: Chakraborty Sourav , Maji Siddhartha , Ghosh Rajib , Jana Rajkumar , Datta Ayan , Ghosh Pradyut
Published: January 2019

The graphic shows a halogen bonding interaction between a tetrapodal platform attached to a 2-iodo-imidazole unit and bromide in water.
Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction boosted by constructing Ru nanoparticles assembled as a shell over semimetal Te nanorod surfaces in acid electrolyte
Authors: Yang Xudong , Zhao Zhixin , Yu Xu , Feng Ligang
Published: January 2019

Due to its interactions with semi-metallic Te nanorods, Ru nanoparticles assembled as a shell over Te nanorod surfaces (Te@Ru) formed an excellent catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in an acid electrolyte solution.
O(−)⋯C interactions and bond formation in 1-naphtholate anions with peri-located electrophilic carbon centres
Authors: Bristow Jonathan C. , Addicoat Matthew A. , Wallis John D.
Published: January 2019

n–π* interactions between naphtholate O anions and carbonyl groups are determined to be shorter than in corresponding naphthols by X-ray crystallography, and lead to cyclisations with long O–C bonds when the carbonyl group is replaced by a strongly electron deficient alkene.
A series of 0D to 3D Anderson-type polyoxometalate-based compounds obtained under ambient and hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Ying Jun , Chen Ya-Guang , Wang Xiu-Yan
Published: January 2019

Through using flexible ligands, a series of Anderson POM-based compounds have been obtained under ambient and hydrothermal conditions, respectively.
Infinite and discrete halogen bonded assemblies based upon 1,2-bis(iodoethynyl)benzene
Authors: Bosch Eric , Kruse Samantha J. , Groeneman Ryan H.
Published: January 2019

Infinite and discrete co-crystals based upon 1,2-bis(iodoethynyl)benzene as a halogen bond donor to either a symmetrical bipyridine or an unsymmetrical monopyridine-based acceptor is reported.
Decomposition of molecular properties
Authors: Ågren Hans , Harczuk Ignat , Vahtras Olav
Published: January 2019

We review recent work on property decomposition techniques using quantum chemical methods and discuss some topical applications in terms of quantum mechanics-molecular mechanics calculations and the constructing of properties of large molecules and clusters.
Gas-phase synthetic pathways to benzene and benzonitrile: a combined microwave and thermochemical investigation
Authors: Lee Kin Long Kelvin , McGuire Brett A. , McCarthy Michael C.
Published: January 2019

Microwave spectroscopy and theoretical calculations show the formation of benzene – traced by benzonitrile – is efficient at low temperature conditions relevant to cold molecular clouds such as TMC-1.
Microhydration of protonated 5-hydroxyindole revealed by infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Klyne Johanna , Dopfer Otto
Published: January 2019

We probe the initial microhydration of protonated 5-hydroxyindole by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy to detect characteristics of hydration motifs and intracluster proton transfer.
Transition-metal dichalcogenides/Mg(OH)2 van der Waals heterostructures as promising water-splitting photocatalysts: a first-principles study
Authors: Luo Yi , Wang Sake , Ren Kai , Chou Jyh-Pin , Yu Jin , Sun Zhengming , Sun Minglei
Published: January 2019

We found that the MoS2/Mg(OH)2 and WS2/Mg(OH)2 vdW heterostructures are promising for application in photocatalytic water splitting.
Strain-tunable magnetic and electronic properties of monolayer CrI3
Authors: Wu Zewen , Yu Jin , Yuan Shengjun
Published: January 2019

The magnetic ground state of two-dimensional CrI3 varies from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic under tensile strain.
Direct observation of product-pair correlations in rotationally inelastic collisions of ND3 with D2
Authors: Gao Zhi , Loreau Jérôme , van der Avoird Ad , van de Meerakker Sebastiaan Y. T.
Published: January 2019

Rotational product-pair correlations have been observed, while ND3 was rotationally excited, D2 was simultaneously rotationally excited and de-excited.
Multiscale molecular thermodynamics of graphene-oxide liquid-phase exfoliation
Authors: Farajian Amir A. , Mortezaee Reza , Osborn Tim H. , Pupysheva Olga V. , Wang Michael , Zhamu Aruna , Jang Bor Z.
Published: January 2019

Thermodynamics of 2D nanomaterials exfoliation in solution are analyzed by considering parallel, perpendicular, and edge routes for graphene-oxide as an example. Multiscale modeling is used to quantitatively assess and compare free energy changes for various surface coverages.
Effect of alkali ions on optical properties of flavins: vibronic spectra of cryogenic M+lumiflavin complexes (M = Li–Cs)
Authors: Müller David , Nieto Pablo , Miyazaki Mitsuhiko , Dopfer Otto
Published: January 2019

Cryogenic ion spectroscopy of metal–lumiflavin (M+LF) complexes at the level of vibrational resolution illustrates the large impact of alkali ions on the optical properties of this prototypical flavin molecule.
Life cycle energy consumption analysis and green manufacture evolution for the papermaking industry in China
Authors: Man Yi , Han Yulin , Li Jigeng , Hong Mengna , Zheng Wenzhi
Published: January 2019

Life cycle energy consumption for the papermaking industry is investigated and a method to achieve the GHG emission reduction target is proposed.
Design of solvent-free functional fluidsviamolecular nanoarchitectonics approaches
Authors: Shinohara Akira , Pan Chengjun , Wang Lei , Nakanishi Takashi
Published: January 2019

This minireview highlights the recent achievements in the development of solvent-free functional fluids based on molecular/polymeric design approaches.
Controlling the structure and magnetic properties of cluster-assembled metallic glasses
Authors: Benel Cahit , Fischer Arne , Zimina Anna , Steininger Ralph , Kruk Robert , Hahn Horst , Léon Aline
Published: January 2019

The local structure and magnetic properties of amorphous materials are controlled by the impact energy of amorphous clusters.
Correction: Using an RNA aptamer probe for super-resolution imaging of native EGFR
Authors: Yan Qiuyan , Cai Mingjun , Zhou Lulu , Xu Haijiao , Shi Yan , Sun Jiayin , Jiang Junguang , Gao Jing , Wang Hongda
Published: January 2019

Correction for ‘Using an RNA aptamer probe for super-resolution imaging of native EGFR’ by Qiuyan Yan et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8na00143j.
Mapping the working route of phosphate monoester hydrolysis catalyzed by copper based models with special emphasis on the role of oxoanions by experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Dasgupta Sanchari , Aullón Gabriel , Zangrando Ennio , Das Debasis
Published: January 2019

The mechanistic pathway of phosphate-ester bond hydrolysis with special emphasis on the role of oxoanions was explored by experimental and theoretical study.
Folate-targeting and bovine serum albumin-gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a redox-responsive carrier for epirubicin release
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Xing Yang , Xian Ming , Shuang Shaomin , Dong Chuan
Published: January 2019

A targeted DDS with covalently conjugated BSA and folate for GSH-triggered drug release and recognition of FR-positive cancer cells.
A 1,8-naphthalimide–pyridoxal conjugate as a supramolecular gelator for colorimetric read out of F−ions in solution, gel and solid states
Authors: Pati Chiranjit , Ghosh Kumaresh
Published: January 2019

Naphthalimide–pyridoxal conjugated gelator1has been designed and synthesized. Compound1which forms stable greenish yellow colored gel in DMSO : H2O (8 : 1 v/v), shows selective sensing of F−in solution, gel and solid states under different conditions.
Photochromic and molecular switching behaviour of new Schiff bases containing hydantoin rings: synthesis, characterization and crystal structures
Authors: Todorov Petar T. , Peneva Petia N. , Georgieva Stela I. , Rusew Rusi I. , Shivachev Boris L. , Georgiev Anton H.
Published: January 2019

Five new Schiff bases containing hydantoin rings were synthesized and showed photochromic and molecular switching behaviours.
A multifunctional biomimetic hybrid nanocarrier for the controlled delivery of chemotherapy drugs by near-infrared light
Authors: Cui Xinyu , Cheng Wenlong , Dong Mingdong , Han Xiaojun
Published: January 2019

We have constructed a biocompatible magnetic nanoparticle-based nanocomposite material by integrating the features of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, mesoporous silica and lipid bilayer for the treatment of tumor.
Facile synthesis of hydrophobic MoS2 and its activity and stability in the hydrodeoxygenation reaction
Authors: Wu Kui , Wang Chao , Chen Xiangxiang , Wang Weiyan , Yang Yunquan
Published: January 2019

In this study, MoS2 with different hydrophobicity was prepared by adding silicomolybdic acid and their catalytic activity and stability were tested by using HDO of p-cresol as a probe.
A novel sensing layer based on metal–organic framework UiO-66 modified with TiO2–graphene oxide: application to rapid, sensitive and simultaneous determination of paraoxon and chlorpyrifos
Authors: Karimian Nashmil , Fakhri Hanieh , Amidi Salimeh , Hajian Ali , Arduini Fabiana , Bagheri Hasan
Published: January 2019

Simultaneous electrochemical detection of paraoxon and chlorpyrifos based on metal–organic framework UiO-66 modified with TiO2–graphene oxide.
Solution structure of TbTFIIS2-2 PWWP domain from Trypanosoma brucei and its binding to H4K17me3 and H3K32me3
Authors: Wang Rui , Gao Jie , Zhang Jiahai , Zhang Xuecheng , Xu Chao , Liao Shanhui , Tu Xiaoming
Published: January 2019

Posttranslational modiﬁcations (PTMs) of core histones, such as histone methylation, play critical roles in a variety of biological processes including transcription regulation, chromatin condensation and DNA repair. In T. brucei, no domain recognizing methylated histone has been identified so far. TbTFIIS2-2, as a potential transcription elongation factors in T. brucei, contains a PWWP domain in the N-terminus which shares low sequence similarity compared with other PWWP domains and is absent from other TFIIS factors. In the present study, the solution structure of TbTFIIS2-2 PWWP domain was determined by NMR spectroscopy. TbTFIIS2-2 PWWP domain adopts a global fold containing a ﬁve-strand β-barrel and two C-terminal α-helices similar to other PWWP domains. Moreover, through systematic screening, we revealed that TbTFIIS2-2 PWWP domain is able to bind H4K17me3 and H3K32me3. Meanwhile, we identified the critical residues responsible for the binding ability of TbTFIIS2-2 PWWP domain. The conserved cage formed by the aromatic amino acids in TbTFIIS2-2 PWWP domain is essential for its binding to methylated histones.
The molecular basis of transient heme-protein interactions: analysis, concept and implementation
Authors: Wißbrock Amelie , Paul George Ajay Abisheck , Brewitz Hans Henning , Kühl Toni , Imhof Diana
Published: January 2019

Deviant levels of available heme and related molecules can result from pathological situations such as impaired heme biosynthesis or increased hemolysis as a consequence of vascular trauma or bacterial infections. Heme-related biological processes are affected by these situations, and it is essential to fully understand the underlying mechanisms. While heme has long been known as an important prosthetic group of various proteins, its function as a regulatory and signaling molecule is poorly understood. Diseases such as porphyria are caused by impaired heme metabolism, and heme itself might be used as a drug in order to downregulate its own biosynthesis. In addition, heme-driven side effects and symptoms emerging from heme-related pathological conditions are not fully comprehended and thus impede adequate medical treatment. Several heme-regulated proteins have been identified in the past decades, however, the molecular basis of transient heme-protein interactions remains to be explored. Herein, we summarize the results of an in-depth analysis of heme binding to proteins, which revealed specific binding modes and affinities depending on the amino acid sequence. Evaluating the binding behavior of a plethora of heme-peptide complexes resulted in the implementation of a prediction tool (SeqD-HBM) for heme-binding motifs, which eventually led and will perspectively lead to the identification and verification of so far unknown heme-regulated proteins. This systematic approach resulted in a broader picture of the alternative functions of heme as a regulator of proteins. However, knowledge on heme regulation of proteins is still a bottomless barrel that leaves much scope for future research and development.
Applying singular value decomposition on accelerometer data for 1D convolutional neural network based fall detection
Authors: Cho H. , Yoon S.M.
Published: January 2019

The usefulness of applying singular value decomposition (SVD) on triaxial accelerometer data for one‐dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network (CNN) based fall and activity recognition is investigated. Three‐dimensional reduction methods, namely, SVD, sparse principal component analysis, and kernel principal component analysis, are compared for their effectiveness in extracting useful features for fall and activity recognition. Experiments conducted on three public falls and activities of daily living datasets show that SVD applied to acceleration data coupled with raw acceleration data or acceleration signal magnitude vector exhibited better 1D CNN fall and activity recognition accuracy than those using other principal component analysis based acceleration features.
Low‐loss reverse blocking IGBT with PNM structure and trench collectors
Authors: Liu Fenghao , Huang Mingmin , Li Rui , Lai Li , Gong Min
Published: January 2019

A reverse blocking insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with partially narrow mesa (PNM) structure and trench collectors is proposed. An n‐type carrier stored (n‐cs) layer is introduced between two trench gates with the bulgy bottom, forming the PNM structure, which nicely shields high electric field from the n‐cs layer at the forward blocking state. Hence, a highly doped n‐cs layer can be used to enhance the carrier storage effect in the n‐drift region at on‐state to reduce the on‐state voltage [VCE(sat)]. Besides, an n‐buffer layer is introduced between two trench collectors at the back side, acting as a field‐stop (FS) layer at forwarding blocking state. At the reverse blocking state, the trench collectors shield high electric field from the n‐buffer region and the n‐cs layer acts as an FS layer, which ensures a high reverse breakdown voltage. Numerical simulation results show that the 1.4 kV proposed reverse blocking‐IGBT can use a 38% thinner n‐drift region and obtain a 45% lower VCE(sat) than the conventional counterpart.
Near‐field scattering evaluation based on improved PO and EECs
Authors: Chen Bin , Tong Chuangming
Published: January 2019

An algorithm for the improvement of the physical optics (PO) and equivalent edge currents (EECs) integral calculating near‐field scattering is presented in this work. The solution is obtained by a more accurate representation of the Green function with an expansion centre that lies in the neighbourhood of the sources of interest. Phase and amplitude improvements of the approximate Green function overcome the shortcomings of the conventional PO and EEC for scattering evaluation in near‐field regions. The improved algorithm preserves the simplicity and computational efficiency of the classical one and applies directly to near‐field scattering. Under the consideration of the antenna radiation pattern, the formula of near‐field scattering is derived. The applicability and accuracy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
New interleaved fully soft switched pulse width modulation boost converter with one auxiliary switch
Authors: Rezvanyvardom Mahdi , Mirzaei Amin , Rahimi Saba
Published: January 2019

This study proposes a new interleaved pulse width modulation boost converter that uses only one auxiliary switch in its structure to create soft‐switching condition for all semiconductor elements. This way leads that the proposed converter has a simpler structure in comparison with other similar interleaved topologies. Moreover, the auxiliary circuit is not located in the main power path from input to the output. So, the current rate of the elements in the auxiliary circuit is very low. Due to soft‐switching condition for all semiconductor elements, the proposed topology has low power losses and high efficiency. The efficiency of the converter is 97.6% at full load range. Besides, using the interleaved structure in the proposed converter leads to lower current stresses on the circuit elements. A 120 W prototype of the proposed converter is implemented. The experimental results confirm the aforementioned advantages of the proposed converter such as high efficiency in comparison with other similar topologies.
Comparative performance evaluation of WCA‐optimised non‐integer controller employed with WPG–DSPG–PHEV based isolated two‐area interconnected microgrid system
Authors: Latif Abdul , Das Dulal Chandra , Ranjan Sudhanshu , Barik Amar Kumar
Published: January 2019

This study endeavours an effective frequency control of renewable‐based isolated two‐area interconnected microgrid (ICμG) without battery, incorporating wind power generation in area‐1, dish‐Stirling solar power generation system in area‐2 and other common distributed generation systems such as diesel engine driven generator, plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle, heat pump and freezer in both the areas. A recently developed heuristic optimisation technique called water cycle algorithm (WCA) is applied to optimally tune the parameters of the non‐integer fractional‐order proportional‐integral‐derivative (FOPID) controllers employed with ICμG. Application of WCA‐based FOPID controllers in frequency control two‐area ICμG without battery is a novel work. The comparative performance analysis of proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID), PID with filter and non‐integer order‐based FOPID controller with their gains tuned by particle swarm optimisation (PSO), improved PSO, firefly algorithm and WCA algorithms indicates the superiority of WCA‐based FOPID controller's under different case studies (considering different load disturbances, wind speed variation with real data, and solar irradiance) in terms of frequency deviation, tie‐line power, and objective function. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis contemplates that WCA‐optimised FOPID controller can withstand ±25% change in synchronising coefficient, +20% change in loading condition and ±25% change in frequency bias constant without resetting the gain values.
Diagnostic quality assured ECG signal compression with selection of appropriate mother wavelet for minimal distortion
Authors: Kumar Jha Chandan , Kolekar Maheskumar H.
Published: January 2019

This study presents a diagnostic quality assured electrocardiogram (ECG) signal compression algorithm which uses discrete wavelet transform with the selection of appropriate mother wavelet. Since distortion of reconstructed ECG signal depends on the type of mother wavelet used for decomposition. Therefore, appropriate mother wavelet is selected first which produces minimal distortion. Small valued wavelet transform coefficients are discarded using dead‐zone quantisation. Further integer conversion of coefficients is performed to improve compression at the cost of very less error. The processed transform coefficients obtained at this stage contain approximate coefficients and detail coefficients, where approximate coefficients consist very less repetition of data instances while detail coefficients are much repetitive. The repetition of detail coefficients is exploited by run–length encoding which represents the data as run and length. Compression performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using single‐channel ECG records taken from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology‐Beth Israel Hospital (MIT‐BIH) arrhythmia database, MIT‐BIH ECG compression test database and Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) diagnostic ECG database. Compression results exhibit better performance than other existing techniques. Subjective evaluation of reconstructed ECG signals is also performed which ensures effective working of the proposed algorithm on the different morphology of ECG signals.
Shadow detection and removal from images using machine learning and morphological operations
Authors: Nair Vicky , Kosal Ram Parimala Geetha , Sundararaman Sundaravadivelu
Published: January 2019

In this study, the authors present a system for shadow detection and removal from images using machine learning technique. A machine learning algorithm ESRT (enhanced streaming random tree) model is proposed. The image is converted to HSV and 26 parameters are taken as image measurements. A dataset in Attribute Relation File Format is created for shadow and non‐shadow images. The algorithm is trained using the training dataset and tested using the test dataset. Segmentation is performed. The similar threshold homogeneity pixel is grouped. Colour chromaticity is used to remove cast shadow. Morphological processing is performed to remove the shadow from the image. The algorithm shows better detection rate and accuracy compared with Bayesian classifiers available in WEKA.
Service restoration strategy of AC/DC hybrid distribution networks
Authors: Lou Chengwei , Zhang Lu , Zhang Xiaohui , Cong Pengwei , Tang Wei , Liang Jun
Published: January 2019

This study proposes a service restoration strategy for an AC/DC hybrid distribution system. A mathematical model for voltage source converter with different control strategies in service restoration is developed. Power storage system scheduling strategy is also designed for restoring more power supply. A mixed‐integer second‐order cone programming is developed for network reconfiguration, and constraint express can make sure the distribution network operates in a radial manner. With the conditions of power balance in islands as the constraints, the islands are then divided. It adopts minimum loss in the object makes it not only stable but also economically acceptable. Simulation results show that the purposed strategy is feasible and effective to reduce lost load, distribution generation curtailments, and network loss.
Parameter identification of subsynchronous oscillation based on FastICA and MP algorithms
Authors: Li Kuan , Zhang Wanjie , Wang Hong , Li Yudun , Liu Meng
Published: January 2019

The online identification of subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) became possible with a wide application of wide area measurement system. However, there is more power electronic equipment in the power system. So, there are strong interference noises in the sampled signal, and the veracity of vibration modal parameters is influenced. The fast independent component analysis (FastICA) could separate noise signal from the observed signal. This study presented the pretreatment of sampling signal through the FastICA and the identification of the SSO parameter through matrix pencil (MP). The recognition accuracy could be enhanced based on FastICA–MP. This study sets the ideal example and the IEEE first benchmark model as the simulation examples. The simulation results show that the FastICA could separate noise signal effectively, and the MP identification accuracy is improved. The research result lays the foundations for the design of supplementary subsynchronous damping controller.
Calculation method for equivalent model of AC filters in HVDC transmission system
Authors: Wentao Lv , Zeyu Xu , Chaoliang Wang , Chen Shen , Daozhuo Jiang
Published: January 2019

AC filter is an important part of HVDC system, which can restrain the AC‐side harmonics effectively and compensate for the reactive power consumed by converter station. Due to the harmonic characters of converter, double‐tuned filter and triple‐tuned filter are widely used in HVDC system. There is no model of double‐tuned filter or triple‐tuned filter in the common simulation software such as ETAP and DIgSILENT, which brought some difficulties to the simulation of HVDC especially harmonic analysis. To solve this problem, the accurate and simplified calculation method for equivalent models which instead double‐tuned filter and triple‐tuned filter by two parallel single‐tuned filters or three parallel single‐tuned filters are proposed. Furthermore, the accurate formulas and simplified formulas are given which can convert the parameters of double‐tuned filter or triple‐tuned filter to the parameters of parallel single‐tuned filters. Taking into account of the complexity of the accurate formulas, the resonant frequencies of double‐tuned filter and triple‐tuned filter are considered in the simplified formulas, which simplified the computational complexity. Finally, the feasibility of the equating method and the validity of parameters calculation method are verified.
Link between trees of fragmenting granules and deep downflows in MHD simulation
Authors: Roudier T. , Malherbe J. M. , Stein R. F. , Frank Z.
Published: January 2019

Context. Trees of fragmenting granules (TFG) and associated flows are suspected to play a major role in the formation of the network in the quiet Sun. We investigate the counterparts, in terms of dynamics, of surface structures detectable by high resolution observations in deeper layers up to 15 Mm, which are only available from numerical simulations.

Aims. The first aim is to demonstrate that TFG can be evidenced either from surface intensitites, vertical (Vz), or Doppler (Vdop) velocities. The second is to show that horizontal flows, which are derived from intensities or Vz/Vdop flows, are in good agreement, and that this is the case for observations and numerical simulations. The third objective is to apply this new Vz-based method to a 3D simulation to probe relationships between horizontal surface flows, TFG, and deep vertical motions.

Methods. The TFG were detected after oscillation filtering of intensities or Vz/Vdop flows, using a segmentation and labelling technique. Surface horizontal flows were derived from local correlation tracking (LCT) and from intensities or Vz/Vdop flows. These methods were applied to Hinode observations, 2D surface results of a first simulation, and 3D Vz data of a second simulation.

Results. We find that TFG and horizontal surface flows (provided by the LCT) can be detected either from intensities or Vz/Vdop component, for high resolution observations and numerical simulations. We apply this method to a 3D run providing the Vz component in depth. This reveals a close relationship between surface TFG (5 Mm mesoscale) and vertical downflows 5 Mm below the surface. We suggest that the dynamics of TFG form larger scales (the 15–20 Mm supergranulation) associated with 15 Mm downflowing cells below the surface.

Conclusions. The TFG and associated surface flows seem to be essential to understanding the formation and evolution of the network at the meso and supergranular scale.
Strategies for the improvement of fruit set inVitis viniferaL. cv. ‘Carménère’ through different foliar biostimulants in two different locations
Authors: Gutiérrez-Gamboa Gastón , Garde-Cerdán Teresa , Souza-Da Costa Bianca , Moreno-Simunovic Yerko
Published: January 2019

‘Carménère’ is an important grapevine variety cultivated in Chile, which exhibits a high tendency to fruitlet abscission and “millerandage”, reproductive disorders that seriously affect plant productivity. However, despite the existence of a lot of information about the effects of micronutrients on millerandage, few studies exist about the impacts of seaweed biostimulation on reproductive disorders in grapevines, which currently has been classified as elicitor. For these reasons, the aim of this work was to study the effect of different biostimulant applications to ‘Carménère’ grapevines on fruit set and cluster characteristics during 2011-2012 season. Viticultural parameters such as number and weight of berries, cluster weight, berry size and its distribution along the cluster were measured. In addition, physicochemical parameters in musts from the obtained grapevines were analyzed. The results showed that the treatments based on boron ethanolamine plus zinc oxide and brown algae (Ascophyllum nodosum) improved fruit set in ‘Carménère’ grapevines in both climate locations, mainly in the colder climate site. Different parameters such as weight and number of berries per bunch, among others, were improved after the application of this treatment. Therefore, the results suggest that it is possible to improve fruit set in ‘Carménère’ grapevines using a treatment based on certain microelements, such as boron and zinc, and an extract produced from seaweed algae.
Des virus géants créateurs de leurs propres gènes ?
Authors: Claverie Jean-Michel , Abergel Chantal , Legendre Matthieu
Published: January 2019

Depuis 2003 et la découverte de Mimivirus, la saga des virus géants se poursuit avec l’isolement de nouveaux virus d’amibes qui se répartissent maintenant en sept familles bien distinctes, aux origines toujours aussi mystérieuses que controversées. À la faveur de l’identification de 3 nouveaux membres de la famille des Pandoraviridae, dont les particules de tailles micrométriques et les génomes de plus de 2 mégabases empiètent sur le monde cellulaire, nous avons procédé à une ré-analyse pointilleuses de leur contenu en gènes, aidé par les apports combinés de la transcriptomique, de la protéomique et de la bioinformatique. Nous en avons conclu que le seul scénario capable de rendre compte de la répartition et de l’énorme proportion de gènes orphelins qui caractérisent les Pandoravirus est qu’ils aient été créés de novo au sein des régions intergéniques. Ce processus, peut-être partagé par d’autres grands virus à ADN, vient remettre en question le paradigme central de l’évolution moléculaire selon lequel tous les gènes/protéines ont une histoire.
Dégradation d’un anticancéreux dans les eaux usées
Authors:   Équipe iGEM GO Paris-Saclay 2018, Briand William , Dao Ousmane , Garnier Guillaume , Guegan Raphaël , Marta Britany , Maupu Clémence , Miesch Julie , Papadopoulo Kenn , Radoux Arthur , Rojahn Julie , Zhu Yueying , Aubry Céline , Bouloc Phillipe , Bury-Moné Stéphanie , Ferré Arnaud , Lautru Sylvie , Namy Olivier , Sabeti-Azad Mahnaz
Published: January 2019

iGEM (pour international genetically engineered machine) est un concours international autour de la biologie synthétique réunissant des étudiants de toutes disciplines (mathématiques, physique, biologie, arts, etc.). « L’objectif est de construire un système biologique fonctionnel complexe, en assemblant des composants individuels moléculaires simples et standardisés (fragments d’ADN), appelés « briques biologiques » (biobriques), sorte de « legos » moléculaires, entreposés au MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (le registry of standard biological parts contient environ 20 000 biobriques). C’est une démarche proche de celle de l’ingénieur qui assemble des circuits électroniques ». En 2004, lors de sa création par le MIT (→), la compétition iGEM regroupait une quarantaine de projets ; 14 ans plus tard, elle accueille 350 équipes (6 000 étudiants, avec leurs instructeurs) issues des universités du monde entier. Elle culmine en un Giant Jamboree de quatre jours à Boston en novembre, au cours duquel les équipes présentent leur projet. Le « wiki » de la compétition (www.igem.org) présente l’ensemble des projets ainsi que le palmarès. Cette année, ont été décernées 114 médailles d’or, 68 d’argent et 107 de bronze. Neuf équipes françaises étaient engagées.

(→) Voir l’article de J. Peccoud et L. Coulombel, dont certains passages sont repris dans ce « chapo », m/s n° 5, mai 2007, page 551
Electron density topological and adsorbate orbital analyses of water and carbon monoxide co-adsorption on platinum
Authors: Dimakis Nicholas , Salas Isaiah , Gonzalez Luis , Loupe Neili , Smotkin Eugene S.
Published: January 2019

The electron density topology of carbon monoxide (CO) on dry and hydrated platinum is evaluated under the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and by adsorbate orbital approaches. The impact of water co-adsorbate on the electronic, structural, and vibrational properties of CO on Pt are modelled by periodic density functional theory (DFT). At low CO coverage, increased hydration weakens C–O bonds and strengthens C–Pt bonds, as verified by changes in bond lengths and stretching frequencies. These results are consistent with QTAIM, the 5σ donation-2π* backdonation model, and our extended π-attraction σ-repulsion model (extended π-σ model). This work links changes in the non-zero eigenvalues of the electron density Hessian at QTAIM bond critical points to changes in the π and σ C–O bonds with systematic variation of CO/H2O co-adsorbate scenarios. QTAIM invariably shows bond strengths and lengths as being negatively correlated. For atop CO on hydrated Pt, QTAIM and phenomenological models are consistent with a direct correlation between C–O bond strength and CO coverage. However, DFT modelling in the absence of hydration shows that C–O bond lengths are not negatively correlated to their stretching frequencies, in contrast to the Badger rule: When QTAIM and phenomenological models do not agree, the use of the non-zero eigenvalues of the electron density Hessian as inputs to the phenomenological models, aligns them with QTAIM. The C–O and C–Pt bond strengths of bridge and three-fold bound CO on dry and hydrated platinum are also evaluated by QTAIM and adsorbate orbital analyses.
Anomalous Hall effect and re-entrant metallic transitions in epitaxial PrNiO3-δ thin films
Authors: S. Harisankar , Chandra Mahesh , Das Sarmistha , Soni Kavita , Prajapat Manoj , Mavani K. R.
Published: January 2019

We have deposited and studied epitaxial PrNiO3-δ thin films (12 nm) for the temperature dependent resistivity and the anomalous Hall effect. The post-deposition in situ oxygen annealing time for thin film formation was varied (0 to 5 min) in order to change the oxygen stoichiometry. One film was kept completely unannealed to create oxygen deficiency. A decrease in resistivity was observed with increasing oxygen-annealing time. In spite of different oxygen content and resistivity values, all the other films show metal to insulator transitions at the same temperature (∼100 K), except the unannealed insulating film. Before a complete insulating state was established while cooling, a re-entrant metallic state appeared at lower temperatures, where the on-set temperature was different for different films. A nonlinear magnetic-field dependence of Hall resistance manifests in the low-temperature re-entrant metallic state in contrast to the normal Hall effect in the high-temperature metallic state. The theoretical fits to temperature dependent resistivity indicate a non-Fermi liquid behavior in the high temperature metallic state. Moreover, the non-Fermi liquid behavior gets modified by the variation in oxygen content in PrNiO3-δ films.