bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unintended pregnancy among HIV‐positive pregnant women in Enugu, southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ezugwu Euzebus C. , Iyoke Chukwuemeka A. , Nkwo Peter O. , Ezegwui Hygenius U. , Akabueze Jude C. , Agu Polycap U.
Published: September 2015

Objective

To determine the prevalence and factors associated with unintended pregnancy among HIV‐positive pregnant women in Enugu, southeast Nigeria.

Methods

A questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional study was performed of HIV‐positive pregnant women receiving prenatal care at two tertiary health institutions in Enugu between March 1 and August 31, 2012. The women were interviewed with a pretested questionnaire.

Results

Overall, 180 HIV‐positive pregnant women were recruited, 67 (37.2%) of whom declared that their pregnancy was unintended. Overall, 174 (96.7%) patients were receiving antiretroviral therapy and 99 (55.0%) had future fertility intensions. Participants with regular partners (married or cohabiting) had a significantly higher rate of unintended pregnancy than those with unstable partners (40.3%, n = 64/159 vs 14.3%, n = 3/21 P = 0.029). Age, parity, educational level, and current treatment with antiretroviral therapy did not significantly affect the prevalence of unintended pregnancy.

Conclusion

A substantial number of HIV‐positive pregnant women declared their pregnancies to be unintended. Modern contraceptives should be made readily available and accessible to HIV‐positive women to help eliminate mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV and subsequent new pediatric HIV infections.
Piriformis Syndrome With Variant Sciatic Nerve Anatomy: A Case Report
Authors: Kraus Emily , Tenforde Adam S. , Beaulieu Christopher F. , Ratliff John , Fredericson Michael
Published: September 2015

A 68‐year‐old male long distance runner presented with low back and left buttock pain, which eventually progressed to severe and debilitating pain, intermittently radiating to the posterior thigh and foot. A comprehensive workup ruled out possible spine or hip causes of his symptoms. A pelvic magnetic resonance imaging neurogram with complex oblique planes through the piriformis demonstrated variant anatomy of the left sciatic nerve consistent with the clinical diagnosis of piriformis syndrome. The patient ultimately underwent neurolysis with release of the sciatic nerve and partial resection of the piriformis muscle. After surgery the patient reported significant pain reduction and resumed running 3 months later. Piriformis syndrome is uncommon but should be considered in the differential diagnosis for buttock pain. Advanced imaging was essential to guide management.
Thrombus Characteristics Are Related to Collaterals and Angioarchitecture in Acute Stroke
Authors: Qazi Emmad M. , Sohn Sung Il , Mishra Sachin , Almekhlafi Mohammed A. , Eesa Muneer , d’Esterre Christopher D. , Qazi Abdul A. , Puig Josep , Goyal Mayank , Demchuk Andrew M. , Menon Bijoy K.
Published: September 2015

Background

We have theorized that clots with stasis are longer. We therefore explored the relationship between thrombus imaging characteristics on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with clot length and pial collaterals on baseline computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Methods

Prospective study of acute ischemic stroke patients (2005-2009) from Keimyung University. Patients with known stroke symptom onset time, baseline CTA, MRI, and with M1-Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)±intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusions were included. Clot length and pial collaterals were measured on baseline CTA.

Results

A total of 104 patients (mean age 65.1±12.28 years, 56.7% male, median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 13) with intracranial ICA + MCA (n=50) or isolated M1-MCA (n=54) occlusions were included. Hyperdense sign on NCCT had a median clot length of 42.3 mm versus 29.5 mm when hyperdense negative (p=0.02). Clots showing blooming artifact on gradient recall echo MRI had a median length of 39.1 mm versus 24.5 mm without blooming (p=0.005). Patients with poor baseline collaterals on CTA had longer clots than those with intermediate/good collaterals (median clot length 49.4 mm vs 34.9 mm vs 20.5 mm respectively, p<0.001). In censored logistic regression modeling, clot length was an independent predictor of hyperdense sign (p=0.05) and of the presence of blooming artifact (p=0.006).

Conclusions

Clot length and baseline collateral status are independent predictors of clot hyperdensity on NCCT and blooming artifact on gradient recall echo. Longer clots are more likely to be hyperdense and to bloom more, probably because portions of these clots are freshly formed locally due to of stasis of blood around the original clot. This stasis could be because of poor collaterals and inefficient angio-architecture within the cerebral arterial tree.
DOING (BETTER) WHAT COMES NATURALLY: ZAGZEBSKI ON RATIONALITY AND EPISTEMIC SELF-TRUST
Authors: Fricker Elizabeth
Published: September 2015

I offer an account of what trust is, and of what epistemic self-trust consists in. I identify five distinct arguments extracted from Chapter 2 of Zagzebski's Epistemic Authority for the rationality and epistemic legitimacy of epistemic self-trust. I take issue with the general account of human rational self-regulation on which one of her arguments rests. Zagzebski maintains that this consists in restoring harmony in the psyche by eliminating conflict and so ending ‘dissonance’. I argue that epistemic rationality is distinct from psychic mechanisms aimed at eliminating dissonance, and these two sometimes pull in opposed directions.
Review of laser diagnostics at the Vulcan laser facility
Authors: Musgrave Ian , Galimberti Marco , Boyle Alexis , Hernandez-Gomez Cristina , Kidd Andrew , Parry Bryn , Pepler Dave , Winstone Trevor , Collier John
Published: September 2015

In this paper we review the provision of the laser diagnostics that are installed on the Vulcan laser facility. We will present strategies for dealing with the energy of high energy systems and with ways of handling the beam sizes of the lasers. We present data captured during typical experimental campaigns to demonstrate their reliability and variation in shot to shot values.
The long tail and rare disease research: the impact of next-generation sequencing for rare Mendelian disorders
Authors: SHEN TONY , LEE ARIEL , SHEN CAROL , LIN C.JIMMY
Published: September 2015

There are an estimated 6000–8000 rare Mendelian diseases that collectively affect 30 million individuals in the United States. The low incidence and prevalence of these diseases present significant challenges to improving diagnostics and treatments. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized research of rare diseases. This article will first comment on the effectiveness of NGS through the lens of long-tailed economics. We then provide an overview of recent developments and challenges of NGS-based research on rare diseases. As the quality of NGS studies improve and the cost of sequencing decreases, NGS will continue to make a significant impact on the study of rare diseases moving forward.
Close up: The female gaze and ethnic difference in two Vietnamese women's films
Authors: Duong Lan
Published: September 2015

This article looks at two contemporary films by Vietnamese women. In Việt Linh's Travelling Circus (1988) and Phạm Nhuệ Giang's The Deserted Valley (2002), a female gaze is sutured to that of an ethnic minority character's, a form of looking that stresses a shared oppression between women and the ethnic Other. While clearing a space for a desiring female gaze in Vietnamese film, they nonetheless extend an Orientalist view of racialised difference. A feminist film optic, one that does not consider industry history and constructions of race, fails to mark out the layered relations of looking underlying Vietnamese filmmaking. This study attends to the ways women filmmakers investigate gendered forms of looking, sexual desire and otherness within the constraints of a highly male-dominated film industry.
The archaeology of the Roman fullonica
Authors: Wilson Andrew
Published: September 2015

In JRA 15 (2002) 20-44, M. Bradley argued that Roman fullers were not involved in the finishing of cloth as part of the textile-manufacturing process, but acted solely as commercial laundrymen; further, he questioned the archaeological evidence used to identify fulleries. His paper contains a number of misconceptions, especially in the use of archaeological evidence.

Bradley attempts to argue that Roman fullers washed clothes, both new and worn, for other people, but that they did not form part of the manufacturing or finishing process of new goods before they were sold to the customer. I am not convinced that the evidence permits this conclusion, although I agree that service cleaning was an important part of their work. The nature of the genres of literary evidence surviving from antiquity is such that most writers would be unlikely to concern themselves with the place of fulling within the operations of textile-production and finishing; they are much more likely to refer to fulling in the context of operations more directly familiar to them or their readers, that is, the commercial cleaning aspect.

Bradley writes (22):

Diocletian's Prices Edict, with its individual pricings, certainly does not appeal to the logic of industrial wholesale; more likely, it was customary for an individual to purchase a rude uestimentum and then to put it through a series of ‘finishing’ services of his choice which included washing (and therefore initial shrinking of the fabric), combing, bleaching, dyeing and pressing (some or all of which were offered by the fullo).
More on the Hippodrome-Stadium of Caesarea Maritima: a response to the comments of Y. Porath
Authors: Patrich J.
Published: September 2015

The Herodian multi-purpose entertainment structure under discussion is the earliest and largest of its kind to have been entirely excavated, and it will have far-reaching implications for our knowledge of the development of stadia and hippodromes at the transition between the Hellenistic and Roman worlds. The study and interpretation of its remains therefore deserve care and attention before definitive interpretations are presented and become ‘set in stone’. Unfortunately, Y. Porath's preceding remarks suggest that he will not change his ideas on the identification of the building. However, the chronology which I presented in JRA 14, different from the one he offered in his preliminary report in The Roman and Byzantine Near East (JRA Suppl. 14,1995) 15-27, is not a focus of his objections, and that is encouraging.

To name the structure a circus, as Porath is doing, reflects a misconception. A U-shaped entertainment structure of moderate size like this one is a stadium, not a circus. But we are dealing with a special kind of stadium, wider and provided with permanent carceres for chariot races, thereby adapted to serve as a hippodrome. Stadia, Greek in origin, underwent a profound evolution in structure and function during the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods. Conceiving stadia in their Classical Greek forms leads Porath to deny the affiliation of the Herodian structure to Hellenistic/Early Roman stadia. On the other hand, the Circus Maximus, the archetype of Roman circuses, attained its definitive form only under Trajan.
Laturba inpia: artigiani e commercianti del Foro Romano e dintorni (I sec. a.C. – 64 d.C.)
Authors: Papi Emanuele
Published: September 2015

Chi avesse percorso laSacra viatra gli ultimi decenni del I sec. a.C. e l'estate del 64 d.C. si sarebbe trovato in un profano e lussuoso quartiere commerciale: ori, argenti, perle e pietre preziose, aromi e spezie, primizie e cibi ricercati, strumenti musicali, libri, corone di fiori, cortigiane e prostitute — tutte le delizie della vita (come già ai Greci era piaciuto immaginarle) fornite dalla plebe urbana che qui gestiva il sistema di vendite al minuto più famoso e organizzato della città. Anche nelle altre zone intorno al Foro lo scenario non sarebbe stato diverso; nelle botteghe della piazza, lungo le strade circostanti e nei vicini edifici continuava il commercio di dispendiose mercanzie per una clientela di gusti ambiziosi e grandi disponibilità. La tradizione commerciale del luogo era molto antica e risaliva all'età dei re; stando alla tradizione, Tarquinio Prisco aveva per primo utilizzato la valle per attività pubbliche, facendo costruire appositi vani per artigianato e commercio (tabernae circa forum). Quando alla fine del VI sec. a.C. si impiantarono i quartieri dellaSacra via, sul fronte degli isolati furono costruite una serie di botteghe tra le quali si aprivano gli ingressi alledomus. Nel periodo più remoto era lo smercio di prodotti alimentari, soprattutto le carni, l'attività primaria forse anche per la presenza di un mercato del bestiame collegato al Foro Boario (beccherie e beccai sono ricordati dal V sec. a.C). Fu negli ultimi decenni del IV sec. a.C. che un aspetto più conveniente (forensis dignitas) si sarebbe affermato per gli interventi di C.Maeniuse per la trasformazione delle botteghe dalanienaeinargentariae, da macellerie cioè in banchi di cambiavalute, usurai e banchieri, destinati a dominare la piazza fin agli inizi dell'Impero. I commerci più ordinari o le rivendite specializzate non dovettero scomparire del tutto almeno fino alla metà del II sec. a.C: alletabernae argentariaesi mescolavano i negozi di beccai e speziali, chiamati alla grecamyropolae, i primi ricordati da Plauto e da Livio nel luogo dellabasilica Sempronia, i secondi soltanto da Plauto.
Another view of the Pergamon divination kit
Authors: Gordon Richard
Published: September 2015

It is very welcome that A. Mastrocinque (above) has re-opened the dossier relating to the Pergamon Zaubergerät, first published by R. Wünsch almost a century ago. The discovery in 1977 of a very similar ‘triangle’ in the Maison du Cerf at Apamea seemed to confirm Wünsch's account of the kit as the equipment required to perform a type of divination very similar to that described in Hilarius' confession relating to the seance of A.D. 371. My remarks are not directly concerned with the possible theurgic background of the Pergamon kit, though I admit I am rather sceptical of it. I wish rather to take the opportunity to reconsider the kit as a whole, in the light of the find from Apamea.

The problem is easily outlined. Rhetorically, Wünsch's commentary leads up to a kind of revelation, the disclosure of the true sense of the kit as whole. In the last major section of his account, Wünsch discussed each object in turn, noting the use of similar objects in diverse magical contexts. For his interpretation the crucial apparatus was the inscribed disc, which has 24 fields in the three outer circles, that is, the number of letters in the Greek alphabet. That implied an alphabet-oracle, and it was then easy to point to Ammianus' already famous report. It is his story of the ‘wizard at work’ that caught the imagination of his readers, the story of the polished stones used as protective amulets, the ring hung from the nail over the circular disc, which was moved by the handle to create words or sentences from the signs inscribed on its surface. But if one looks closely at the disc, it is very difficult (indeed, in my view impossible) to credit that it could have served as an alphabet-oracle or anything similar. If so, does the disc belong to the triangular support at all? Can the other appliances be understood differently from the way Wünsch suggested? My argument is that we might read much of his own commentary as undercutting the final disclosure that depends so heavily on Hilarius, and that we should revert to his own initial conception of an ensemble, a group of instruments with a variety of ritual uses. Indeed, there are reasons for thinking that the individual items were not conceived as a group, but rather assembled over time from various sources as a collection. I incline to understand the ensemble as not so much a ‘kit’ as a rag-bag collection.
Le couronnement du rempart de Saint-Lézer (Castrum Bigorra) en Novempopulanie
Authors: Darles Christian , Badie Alain , Malmary Jean-Jacques
Published: September 2015

Dans le département des Hautes-Pyrénées, le site de Saint-Lézer a livré plusieurs vestiges d'une vaste enceinte longue d'env. 950 m, construite à la fin de l'époque romaine. Certains de ces fragments permettent d'entrevoir quelques aspects les plus originaux de l'architecture des parties hautes du monument et de tenter de restituer, au-dessus du chemin de ronde, un parapet et ses traverses. Ce dispositif largement attesté par ailleurs dans le monde antique gréco-romain et qui a été récemment reconnu à Saint-Bertrand-de-Commiges semble donc avoir été également adopté par les bâtisseurs de l'antiquité tardive du piémont pyrénéen.

Le site de Saint-Lézer se trouve à 18 km au nord de Tarbes, dans le département des Hautes-Pyrénées.

Le site est établi au sommet d'une colline argileuse qui porte le nom évocateur deCastelbieilh(ouCastelvieilh: le vieux château). En forme d'éperon d'axe Nord-Sud, barré au Sud, il est occupé dès la fin de l'Age du Bronze et durant tout l'Âge du Fer. À l'époque romaine, la colline est dotée d'une vaste enceinte maçonnée longue d'environ 950 m dont il ne subsiste aujourd'hui que des fragments épars jonchant ses versants. Par la suite, approximativement un quart du site est réaménagé au Moyen-Âge: l'on y implante alors une motte castrale désignée sous le nom deTuco.
Response to the comments of B. Bergmann and C. H. Hallett (JRA14, 56-57 and 414-16)
Authors: Tybout Rolf
Published: September 2015

My article on Roman wall-painting and social significance (JRA14, 33-56) provoked two immediate reactions. I would like to show that both scholars misinterpreted my argument and intentions.

Bergmarm's views are compatible in all respects with mine expressed in my article. In two introductory sections (33-42) I drew attention to some major misunderstandings and misrepresentations of the chronological model of Roman wall-painting developed by H. G. Beyen by scholars who have recently focused on paintings in their spatial and social context. B. agrees “that we lose much by neglecting the contributions of 19th- and 20th-c. scholars”. Presumably she took offence at what she calls my “ad hominemrecriminations” In order to state my argument clearly, I quoted from several recent studies, mentioning their authors and places of publication. I pointed out as straightforwardly as possible that some of their views expressed are demonstrably untenable or, in some cases, not as innovative as suggested. This was done not to incriminate the authors but to bring some clarity in a discussion which risks becoming embroiled. Unfortunately, Bergmann does not question the validity of any of my specific “recriminations”, limiting herself to some general observations.

She defines as my “main concern (…) that current scholars do not find Beyen's methods (and [my] own) worth emulating”, and prefer to employ other approaches “looking at paintings within larger ensembles and spatial networks” which “might shed some light on the rooms they embellished”. Nothing is less true. I agree with her that scholars understandably “find the search for and understanding of these relationships as appealing as attempting to validateStufeC ofPhaseI of Beyen's Second Style” — I would say “far more appealing” That is the reason why I relegated that specific validation to an Appendix (53-56), in spite of the perspectives it opens up for social history (56), and devoted my main section (42-53; discussed neither by Bergmann or Hallett) to the study of wall-painting in its spatial and social dimensions (cf. alsoJRA9 [1996] esp. 366-74). Moreover, I stressed that “the basic concepts underlying this [new] line of research are sound and stimulating” (34); that “any comprehensive account of Roman wall-painting should transcend the level of specialists' chronological ‘finger-exercises’ and encompass the synchronic dimension”; that “actually, this is acommunis opinioby now, and rightly so” (36); and that the contributions of social historians able “to introduce more appropriate and refined concepts and vocabulary … can only be welcomed” (42). My real concern in sections 1 and 2 was to counter the current trend to ‘throw out the baby with the bath-water’, i.e., the diachronic with the synchronic dimension, since “a sound functional model of Roman wall-painting cannot dispense with careful attention to diachronic developments in both form and style” (36).
The Auditorium site in Rome and the origins of the villa
Authors: Terrenato Nicola
Published: September 2015

The archaeology of Roman villas is based on a very rich body of evidence found across the entire Roman world and dating to a very broad chronological spectrum. Yet there are still crucial related issues, such as that concerning the origins of this type of settlement, not to mention the problem of its very homogeneity as a category, that have been debated on the basis of a surprisingly limited amount of factual information. In situations of this kind it is only to be expected that even individual new discoveries can alter the current wisdom. As a case in point, some recent discoveries made in Rome seem to contribute to our understanding of early Roman élite rural settlements and their relationship with Late Republican villas. As frequently happens, the new material has also stimulated a reconsideration of the existing evidence from a different perspective.
Rome's marble yards
Authors: Fant J. Clayton
Published: September 2015

By the death of Augustus, imperial building projects in Rome were being supplied by marble from Africa (Chemtou), Asia (Docimium), Egypt (various alabaster sources), Aegean Greece (Chios, Euboea, and Paros), Attica (Pentelikon), and from Luna (Carrara) in N Italy. A vast network of quarries in Egypt's Eastern Desert was already under development, and their granites and porphyry began to be seen at Rome in the middle of the Julio-Claudian era. By the Antonines, marble from Scyros, Thasos, Proconnesos, and Iasos was also arriving in Rome.

Quantities in this period reached several thousand blocks per year. Relative to demand, was this a lot or a little? The Roman marble trade has always attracted attention because of the facilities and the organizational feats that brought so much exotic stone to the capital and thence outward, but the real importance of the answer lies in the use of marble. Whether marble was easy or hard to come by and what distinguished the grades and colors — even whether all grades and colors were available to customers up and down the social ladder — are prerequisite questions for understanding the choices open to imperial and private architects, to sculptors with great or humble commissions, and even to wall-painters with faux architecture to apply to a wall.
Muri dei bassi secoli in Rome: observations on the re-use of statuary in walls found on the Esquiline and Caelian after 1870
Authors: Coates-Stephens Robert
Published: September 2015

After Rome was declared capital of a unified Italy in 1870, the fabric of the semi-rural Papal city was irremediably altered by a vast modernisation and expansion programme. Major new roads were cut through the mediaeval quarters of Trastevere, the Campus Martius and the Suburra; new ministries, hospitals and barracks were constructed; and great swathes of the largely unsettled disabitato were parcelled up for new housing. The zone chosen for the first wave of new buildings was, as E. La Rocca has pointed out, both closest to the main railway station and farthest from the Vatican, stretching from S. Maria Maggiore in a south-easterly direction over the brow of the Esquiline to Porta Maggiore (fig. 1). No standing ancient remains were spared demolition, with the massive exceptions of the Minerva Medica, the Trophies of Marius, and the Aurelianic Walls. Of the hundreds of new discoveries made during the works, only the so-called Auditorium of Maecenas and one or two stretches of the Servian Wall were preserved. Even archaeologists of the calibre of R. Lanciani and A. Pellegrini found it impossible to keep up with the vast amount of excavation, demolition, and new building. It is not therefore surprising that in a period which could not even supply clear documentation of such fabulous imperial complexes as the Horti Lamiani, details regarding late antiquity and the Middle Ages were never recorded.
Charred plant remains of the Archaic period from the Forum and Palatine
Authors: Costantini Lorenzo , Giorgi John
Published: September 2015

Our understanding of the arable economy of the early centuries of Rome has been based largely on ancient literary sources to give an idea of the range of crops grown in the area and their possible uses. For Archaic Rome in particular, very little evidence from the physical remains of crops has been available, and this has limited any serious comparison between archaeological evidence and what the literary sources may suggest about the arable agriculture of the early city. Archaeobotanical evidence for the agricultural economy of Rome and its surrounds in the pre-urban period has largely depended upon the work of Hans Helbaek: in the 1950s and 1960s he carried out the study of plant remains recovered in three areas of the Forum (Helbaek 1953, 1956, 1960). His studies were limited, however, by the absence of systematic sampling strategies and particularly by inadequate retrieval methods. Flotation techniques were not employed, and this prevented the potential recovery of smaller plant items such as small cereal grains (e.g., millet) and crop by-products (e.g., chaff fragments and small weed seeds). This led to an incomplete picture of the range of crops used and also led to difficulties in the identification of cereal grains owing to the absence of chaff fragments.
Villas, wine and kilns: the landscape of Jerba in the late Hellenistic period
Authors: Fentress Elizabeth
Published: September 2015

The island of Jerba emerges unobtrusively from its shallow waters. The landscape is flat, the vegetation varies from scrubland to sparse palms to large olive trees whose ample root-stocks suggest several centuries of life. The olive groves are ploughed to allow every possible drop of water to reach the roots. Dry farming of cereals is more or less pointless although, when rain is plentiful, barley will be thinly sown on land that is otherwise uncultivated. In this driest of Mediterranean zones, plentiful rain is barely more than the few showers which the 200-mm isohyet would suggest. In the interior of the island a few estates maintain irrigated cultivation, the luxuriant results of which recall Pliny's description of the oasis of Tacape; palms shelter fruit trees, which shelter pomegranates, which in turn shelter little vegetable plots. Wells provide water for these systems, the water trickling into the gardens through tiny channels (sāqiya). Today the water is pumped, but in the past each bucket had to be laboriously raised by mules or camels; their ramps form a distinctive component of the systems. High walls of mud (ṭābiya) enclose the irrigated gardens. However, in spite of the technological improvements, these gardens are less plentiful than in the past and, as the water table falls, it is more common to find an abandoned well than one in use.
The carceres of the Herodian hippodrome/stadium at Caesarea Maritima and connections with the Circus Maximus
Authors: Patrich Joseph
Published: September 2015

The Herodian hippodrome/stadium at Caesarea was exposed between 1992 and 1998. It runs parallel to the shore between the Herodian harbour and the theatre, at the location specified by Josephus. Josephus refers to the structure as an amphitheatre but it is clear from him and from the archaeological evidence to be described below that equestrian events were an integral part of the games held in it. In the very late Republic and early Empire, the term amphitheatre was used indifferently to designate a stadium or a hippodrome rather than the traditional Roman oval amphitheatrum. Josephus also calls this building ‘the great stadium’ in conjunction with events at the time of the procurator Pontius Pilate in A.D. 26, and it was still known by that name in the 4th c. It was inaugurated in 10/9 B.C. The games held included athletics (gymnika), horse- and chariot-races (hippika), and Roman spectacles (munera gladiatorum and venationes), so the structure had to serve the needs of the contestants and spectators of all these events. The present article is a preliminary report that focuses on the carceres excavated by the team from the University of Haifa, but it will first be helpful to summarize the history of the building as a whole as known from the adjacent work by the Israel Antiquities Authority.
Security and water on the Eastern Desert roads: the prefect Iulius Ursus and the construction of praesidia under Vespasian
Authors: Bagnall R. S. , Bülow-Jacobsen A. , Cuvigny H.
Published: September 2015

During recent years several teams have surveyed and excavated along the roads between Coptos in the Nile Valley and the Red Sea. This article is the result of co-operation between two of them, namely the Dutch-American team working in Berenike since 1994 and the French team that has excavated stations on the Coptos–Myos Hormos road between 1994 and 1997 and later at Didymoi in the N end of the Coptos–Berenike road. A chance visit to Berenike gave the key to a deeper understanding of the origins and history of the road that leads there from Coptos, because an inscription, that could easily have been understood in a purely local context, was suddenly seen to have at least two rather exact, though almost illegible, parallels at other stations. The three inscriptions are published below, two of them for the first time.

Sikayt is one of 10 forts that encircle Berenike from southwest to northwest (see fig. 1). These include: (1) a hill top fort at Shenshef; (2) a large hydreuma in Wadi Kalalat; (3) a small fort in Wadi Kalalat; (4) the fort at Sikayt; (5-9) 5 forts in Wadi Abu Greiya (Vetus Hydreuma); and (10) the small fort in Wadi Lahami. These forts range in date from Ptolemaic to late Roman. Some are only from one period, while others seem to span longer periods.
The discovery of a Roman villa at Shapwick and its Severan coin hoard of 9238 silver denarii
Authors: Abdy R. , Brunning R. A. , Webster C. J.
Published: September 2015

The site (map ref. ST4242 3951) lies on a small line of hills called the Nidons, which run EW along the N edge of the Polden ridge in mid Somerset (fig. 1). The crest of one of the Nidon ‘hills’ runs across the centre of the field containing the site. To the north, the land slopes down to the floodplain of the river Brue, which in the Roman period would have been a raised bog. To the south, the land dips slightly before rising again towards the top of the Polden ridge. The local geology is Jurassic Lower Lias, which is clay with some limestone; the soil (Evesham 1) is a well-drained calcareous clay.

On September 14, 1998, two metal detectorists, Martin and Kevin Elliot, found a very large hoard of Roman silver denarii in a ploughed field on this ridge in Shapwick parish. The first coin find was made at the N edge of the field. The same plough furrow was then followed south across the field, yielding small numbers of coins until a group of about 70 coins was found; after half an hour the main body of coins was discovered quite close to the group of 70. The distribution of the coins across the field shows that the hoard had suffered considerable plough damage but some 9000 coins were still in situ with the corrosion products on their surfaces still intact (by contrast, the coins which had been moved by the plough had lost their corroded outer layers and therefore appeared cleaner). No photographs or other records were taken by the finders before they removed the coins, but their verbal description has proved useful. In the undisturbed main body the coins appeared to be arranged in neat individual rows on their sides, suggesting that they may have been deposited in small coin rolls or individually wrapped bundles made of an organic material such as textile or leather (since decayed). The individual rolls were probably contained within a larger sack also made of organic material (the roughly circular shape of the hoard argues against the use of a wooden box).
Giant aortic aneurysm in a child with Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Halaweish Ihab , Patel Himanshu , Si Ming-Sing
Published: September 2015

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic, idiopathic, granulomatous vasculitis involving the aorta, its major branches, and occasionally the pulmonary arteries. Although rare in children, it is the third most common vasculitis in the paediatric population. Although aneurysmal disease has been reported in adults with Takayasu arteritis, it is a rare entity in children. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy with a giant ascending and arch aneurysm that necessitated follow-up surgery for a new aneurysm and occlusive disease. This is also the first published case involving endovascular aortic graft placement for the management of vascular sequela of Takayasu arteritis in a child.
Comparison of echocardiographic findings with laboratory parameters in obese children
Authors: Korkmaz Ozlem , Gursu Hazım A. , Karagun Barbaros S.
Published: September 2015

Aim

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between insulin resistance and left ventricular size and function in obese children.

Material and methods

A total of 79 cases aged 10–16 years and diagnosed with obesity and 79 healthy and non-obese cases as controls were included in the study. Patient and control groups were divided into three groups in terms of age as group 1 (10–12 years), group 2 (12–14 years), and group 3 (14–16 years). Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and fasting insulin levels of the cases were assessed. Mitral valve E and A waves, left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, left atrium diameter, and septal wall thickness were measured using echocardiography.

Results

Measurements of septal diastolic thicknesses, left atrium diameter, and left ventricular end-systolic diameter of all the three groups obtained by echocardiography were statistically higher compared with the controls. In all the patient groups, the mitral valve E/A ratio was >1. In groups 2 and 3, there was a positive correlation between fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR and left ventricular end-systolic diameter, end-diastolic diameter, and septal systolic and diastolic wall thicknesses.

Conclusion

In paediatric obesity, identification of early cardiac changes will be significant in allowing early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
DO INTERNATIONAL FLOWS INCREASE ENROLLMENT RATES?
Authors: Cooray Arusha
Published: September 2015

This study examines the influence of foreign direct investment (FDI), overseas development aid (ODA), and remittances on the enrollment of girls and boys in 103 countries over the years 1970–2011. The results suggest that remittances have a contemporaneous robust significant influence on enrollment, with the positive effect being slightly higher for girls than for boys. FDI and ODA have an influence on the enrollment of girls and boys only after a significant time lag. The results also suggest that the impact of remittances on enrollment is increased through income and a well-developed financial sector; FDI through better institutions and a well-developed financial sector; and ODA through better government policy.
Quantitative Electron-Excited X-Ray Microanalysis of Borides, Carbides, Nitrides, Oxides, and Fluorides with Scanning Electron Microscopy/Silicon Drift Detector Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM/SDD-EDS) and NIST DTSA-II
Authors: Newbury Dale E. , Ritchie Nicholas W. M.
Published: September 2015

A scanning electron microscope with a silicon drift detector energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM/SDD-EDS) was used to analyze materials containing the low atomic number elements B, C, N, O, and F achieving a high degree of accuracy. Nearly all results fell well within an uncertainty envelope of ±5% relative (where relative uncertainty (%)=[(measured−ideal)/ideal]×100%). Quantification was performed with the standards-based “k-ratio” method with matrix corrections calculated based on the Pouchou and Pichoir expression for the ionization depth distribution function, as implemented in the NIST DTSA-II EDS software platform. The analytical strategy that was followed involved collection of high count (>2.5 million counts from 100 eV to the incident beam energy) spectra measured with a conservative input count rate that restricted the deadtime to ~10% to minimize coincidence effects. Standards employed included pure elements and simple compounds. A 10 keV beam was employed to excite the K- and L-shell X-rays of intermediate and high atomic number elements with excitation energies above 3 keV, e.g., the Fe K-family, while a 5 keV beam was used for analyses of elements with excitation energies below 3 keV, e.g., the Mo L-family.
YOUR BEING CONSCIOUS: MIND-BODY DUALISM, AND OBJECTIVE PHYSICALISM
Authors: Honderich Ted
Published: September 2015

Descartes believed not only that I think therefore I am but also that consciousness is not physical, unlike the brain. That makes consciousness different, which evidently it is, but also incapable of causing arm movements, which is unbelievable. Abstract functionalism is in the same boat. Disagreement between these and more ideas and theories surely has much to do with not talking about the same thing, no adequate initial clarification of the subject matter. We can get such a thing from a database. Consciousness is therefore something's being actual. What that comes to on further reflection is that it has characteristics that add up to its being subjectively physical – and partly outside a brain and partly inside. This theory of consciousness, Actualism, also passes other tests, including individuality and freedom.
GOD IS STILL A PERSON: A REPLY TO PLANTINGA'S OBJECTION
Authors: Saeedimehr Mohammad
Published: September 2015

In his Does God have a Nature, Alvin Plantinga aims to explore three interrelated questions: (i) does God have a nature? (ii) if so, is there a conflict between God's sovereignty and his having a nature? and (iii) how is God related to such abstract objects as properties and propositions? It seems clear from the introduction of the book, however, that his main and primary concern is to support two Divine widely accepted attributes namely God's aseity and sovereignty.
Child Maltreatment Among Singletons and Multiple Births in Japan: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Yokoyama Yoshie , Oda Terumi , Nagai Noriyo , Sugimoto Masako , Mizukami Kenji
Published: September 2015

Background:The occurrence of multiple births has been recognized as a risk factor for child maltreatment. However, few population-based studies have examined the relationship between multiple births and child maltreatment. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of risk of child maltreatment among singletons and multiple births in Japan and to identify factors associated with increased risk.Methods:Using population-based data, we analyzed the database of records on child maltreatment and medical checkups for infants aged 1.5 years filed at Nishinomiya City Public Health Center between April 2007 and March 2011. To protect personal information, the data were transferred to anonymized electronic files for analysis.Results:After adjusting by logistic regression for each associated factor and gestation number, multiples themselves were not associated with the risk of child maltreatment. However, compared with singletons, multiples had a significantly higher rate of risk factors for child maltreatment, including low birth weight and neural abnormality. Moreover, compared with mothers of singleton, mothers of twins had a significantly higher rate of poor health, which is a risk factor of child maltreatment.Conclusion:Multiples were not associated with the risk of child maltreatment. However, compared with singletons, multiples and their mothers had a significantly higher rate of risk factors of child maltreatment.
„Was machst Du so?“ – Umfrage zur aktuellen Situation der Neuropsychologen in Weiterbildung
Authors: Pöppl Dominik , Stadter Verena , Landeck Lisa , Jäckle Sarah , Bolzer Daniela , Mechias Marie-Luise , Roth Inga , Hasting Anna S. , Müller Eva-Maria
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Innerhalb des Arbeitskreises „Neuropsychologen in Weiterbildung“ der Gesellschaft für Neuropsychologie (GNP) entwickelte sich die Frage, wie sich die Weiterbildungsbedingungen in den verschiedenen Weiterbildungsstätten aktuell darstellen und ob es Verbesserungsbedarf gibt (GNP-Weiterbildungs-Curriculum vom 01. 08. 2007). Methodik: Von März bis Juni 2014 wurde eine Online-Befragung des Arbeitskreises durchgeführt. Unter anderem wurden die Bereiche Arbeits- und Weiterbildungsbedingungen, fachliche Arbeit und Gesamtzufriedenheit mit der Weiterbildung abgefragt. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen: An der Befragung nahmen 31 % aller zum Umfragezeitpunkt bei der GNP registrierten Weiterbildungskandidaten teil. Die Teilnehmer berichteten von sehr heterogenen Weiterbildungsbedingungen. Es zeigte sich eine sehr unterschiedliche Umsetzung des GNP-Curriculums in den Weiterbildungseinrichtungen. Unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten der Anpassungen des Curriculums bzw. Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten bezüglich der Umsetzung werden diskutiert.
Integrative Propositional Analysis: A New Quantitative Method for Evaluating Theories in Psychology
Authors: Wallis Steven E.
Published: September 2015

Currently, many top journals of psychology fail to specify any method for evaluating theories within submissions. The reason for this is not clear. Without a formal process, we cannot advance psychology as rapidly or as scientifically as we might. A growing body of literature, both philosophical and empirical, takes up the question of evaluating theories “on the page” with promising results. Here, we discuss a range of methods to identify some strengths and weaknesses. These include Integrative Propositional Analysis (IPA), a method for objectively evaluating the structure (complexity and interrelatedness) of theories that has proven effective in analyzing theories of management, organizations, ethics, systems, and policy. IPA is explained and applied to investigate a sample of theories of psychology. This study shows how we may identify theories that are more likely to be useful in practical application. Additionally, this study identifies benefits that might be gained through a rigorous integration of multiple theories. Importantly, this paper calls for the adoption of objective methods for reviewing theories within journal submissions that will accelerate the advancement of our field. IPA is put forward as a candidate for that role.
Pro-survival function of MEF2 in cardiomyocytes is enhanced by β-blockers
Authors: Hashemi S , Salma J , Wales S , McDermott JC
Published: September 2015

β1-Adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) stimulation increases apoptosis in cardiomyocytes through activation of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. The myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) proteins function as important regulators of myocardial gene expression. Previously, we reported that PKA signaling directly represses MEF2 activity. We determined whether (a) MEF2 has a pro-survival function in cardiomyocytes, and (b) whether β-adrenergic/PKA signaling modulates MEF2 function in cardiomyocytes. Initially, we observed that siRNA-mediated gene silencing of MEF2 induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis as indicated by flow cytometry. β1-AR activation by isoproterenol represses MEF2 activity and promotes apoptosis in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. Importantly, β1-AR mediated apoptosis was abrogated in cardiomyocytes expressing a PKA-resistant form of MEF2D (S121/190A). We also observed that a β1-blocker, Atenolol, antagonizes isoproterenol-induced apoptosis while concomitantly enhancing MEF2 transcriptional activity. β-AR stimulation modulated MEF2 cellular localization in cardiomyocytes and this effect was reversed by β-blocker treatment. Furthermore, Kruppel-like factor 6, a MEF2 target gene in the heart, functions as a downstream pro-survival factor in cardiomyocytes. Collectively, these data indicate that (a) MEF2 has an important pro-survival role in cardiomyocytes, and (b) β-adrenergic signaling antagonizes the pro-survival function of MEF2 in cardiomyocytes and β-blockers promote it. These observations have important clinical implications that may contribute to novel strategies for preventing cardiomyocyte apoptosis associated with heart pathology.
ALS-associated mutant FUS inhibits macroautophagy which is restored by overexpression of Rab1
Authors: Soo K Y , Sultana J , King AE , Atkinson RAK , Warraich S T , Sundaramoorthy V , Blair I , Farg M A , Atkin J D
Published: September 2015

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterised by the formation of intracellular misfolded protein inclusions that form in motor neurons. Autophagy is the major degradation pathway for aggregate-prone proteins within lysosomes. Autophagy begins by the production of the omegasome, forming the autophagosome membrane, which then fuses with the lysosome. Mutations in fused in sarcoma (FUS) cause 5% of familial ALS cases and FUS-positive inclusions are also formed in sporadic ALS tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression of ALS-associated mutant FUS impairs autophagy in neuronal cells. In mutant FUS-expressing neuronal cells, accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and autophagy substrates p62 and NBR1 was detected, and formation of both the omegasome and autophagosome was inhibited in these cells. However, overexpression of Rab1 rescued these defects, suggesting that Rab1 is protective in ALS. The number of LC3-positive vesicles was also increased in motor neurons from the spinal cord of an ALS patient carrying a FUS (R521C) mutation compared with a control patient, providing additional evidence that autophagy is dysregulated in mutant FUS-associated ALS. This study provides further understanding of the intricate autophagy system and neurodegeneration in ALS.
Integrating regional conservation priorities for multiple objectives into national policy
Authors: Beger Maria , McGowan Jennifer , Treml Eric A. , Green Alison L. , White Alan T. , Wolff Nicholas H. , Klein Carissa J. , Mumby Peter J. , Possingham Hugh P.
Published: September 2015

Multinational conservation initiatives that prioritize investment across a region invariably navigate trade-offs among multiple objectives. It seems logical to focus where several objectives can be achieved efficiently, but such multi-objective hotspots may be ecologically inappropriate, or politically inequitable. Here we devise a framework to facilitate a regionally cohesive set of marine-protected areas driven by national preferences and supported by quantitative conservation prioritization analyses, and illustrate it using the Coral Triangle Initiative. We identify areas important for achieving six objectives to address ecosystem representation, threatened fauna, connectivity and climate change. We expose trade-offs between areas that contribute substantially to several objectives and those meeting one or two objectives extremely well. Hence there are two strategies to guide countries choosing to implement regional goals nationally: multi-objective hotspots and complementary sets of single-objective priorities. This novel framework is applicable to any multilateral or global initiative seeking to apply quantitative information in decision making.