bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Greenhouse Gases from Space
Authors: Boesch Hartmut , Liu Yi , Tamminen Johanna , Yang Dongxu , Palmer Paul I. , Lindqvist Hannakaisa , Cai Zhaonan , Che Ke , Di Noia Antonio , Feng Liang , Hakkarainen Janne , Ialongo Iolanda , Kalaitzi Nikoleta , Karppinen Tomi , Kivi Rigel , Kivimäki Ella , Parker Robert J. , Preval Simon , Wang Jing , Webb Alex J. , Yao Lu , Chen Huilin
Published: July 2021

The increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations of CO2 and CH4, due to human activities, is the main driver of the observed increase in surface temperature by more than 1 °C since the pre-industrial era. At the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference held in Paris, most nations agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit the increase in global surface temperature to 1.5 °C. Satellite remote sensing of CO2 and CH4 is now well established thanks to missions such as NASA’s OCO-2 and the Japanese GOSAT missions, which have allowed us to build a long-term record of atmospheric GHG concentrations from space. They also give us a first glimpse into CO2 and CH4 enhancements related to anthropogenic emission, which helps to pave the way towards the future missions aimed at a Monitoring & Verification Support (MVS) capacity for the global stock take of the Paris agreement. China plays an important role for the global carbon budget as the largest source of anthropogenic carbon emissions but also as a region of increased carbon sequestration as a result of several reforestation projects. Over the last 10 years, a series of projects on mitigation of carbon emission has been started in China, including the development of the first Chinese greenhouse gas monitoring satellite mission, TanSat, which was successfully launched on 22 December 2016. Here, we summarise the results of a collaborative project between European and Chinese teams under the framework of the Dragon-4 programme of ESA and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) to characterize and evaluate the datasets from the TanSat mission by retrieval intercomparisons and ground-based validation and to apply model comparisons and surface flux inversion methods to TanSat and other CO2 missions, with a focus on China.
Recognizing Zucchinis Intercropped with Sunflowers in UAV Visible Images Using an Improved Method Based on OCRNet
Authors: Huang Shenjin , Han Wenting , Chen Haipeng , Li Guang , Tang Jiandong
Published: July 2021

An improved semantic segmentation method based on object contextual representations network (OCRNet) is proposed to accurately identify zucchinis intercropped with sunflowers from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) visible images taken over Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia, China. The proposed method improves on the performance of OCRNet in two respects. First, based on the object region context extraction structure of the OCRNet, a branch that uses the channel attention module was added in parallel to rationally use channel feature maps with different weights and reduce the noise of invalid channel features. Secondly, Lovász-Softmax loss was introduced to improve the accuracy of the object region representation in the OCRNet and optimize the final segmentation result at the object level. We compared the proposed method with extant advanced semantic segmentation methods (PSPNet, DeepLabV3+, DNLNet, and OCRNet) in two test areas to test its effectiveness. The results showed that the proposed method achieved the best semantic segmentation effect in the two test areas. More specifically, our method performed better in processing image details, segmenting field edges, and identifying intercropping fields. The proposed method has significant advantages for crop classification and intercropping recognition based on UAV visible images, and these advantages are more substantive in object-level evaluation metrics (mIoU and intercropping IoU).
Barriers to Overcome in Accelerating Renewable Energy Penetration in Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmud Hasan , Roy Joyashree
Published: July 2021

In the context of the global need for the accelerated penetration of renewable sources in the energy mix, it is important to understand how fast-growing countries such as Bangladesh can participate in the global process by sequencing or combining actions to overcome multiple national-level barriers. This study analyzed how national-level barriers interact with one another with a view to better understanding in what order they can be approached in order to overcome them. Interpretive structural modeling was applied for the identification of the interactions among the barriers. The barriers identified from a context-relevant literature survey were cross-validated through in-country expert consultation. Policy makers and the research community were consulted using unstructured as well as structured questionnaire survey methods. The cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to the classification method was used to validate the interactions identified. The results indicated that it is possible to follow a systematic approach to overcome the barriers. The findings show that the highest priority is the need to revisit the current top-down process in policy and governance in the energy sector in Bangladesh. By making room for new institutional arrangements and the strategic role of local experts, stakeholders such as manufacturers, businesses, and users can create a sociopolitical environment that makes it possible to break the current inter-linked chain of barriers. Revisiting the current fuel-specific design and allocation of subsidies and the tariff structure is necessary. Simultaneous supplementary efforts towards human capacity building, the creation of a database for both the demand and supply sides of renewable energy, and improvement in coordination across institutions could be helpful. There is a need for the development of a technology-specific research and development infrastructure to encourage local innovation and business model development. Attention needs to be paid to raising scientifically informed public awareness for the uptake of renewable energy in Bangladesh.
Impacts of Event-Based Recharge on the Vulnerability of Public Supply Wells
Authors: Wiebe Andrew J. , Rudolph David L. , Pasha Ehsan , Brook Jacqueline M. , Christie Mike , Menkveld Paul G.
Published: July 2021

Dynamic recharge events related to extreme rainfall or snowmelt are becoming more common due to climate change. The vulnerability of public supply wells to water quality degradation may temporarily increase during these types of events. The Walkerton, ON, Canada, tragedy (2000) highlighted the threat to human health associated with the rapid transport of microbial pathogens to public supply wells during dynamic recharge events. Field research at the Thornton (Woodstock, ON, Canada) and Mannheim West (Kitchener, ON, Canada) well fields, situated in glacial overburden aquifers, identified a potential increase in vulnerability due to event-based recharge phenomena. Ephemeral surface water flow and local ponding containing microbial pathogen indicator species were observed and monitored within the capture zones of public supply wells following heavy rain and/or snowmelt. Elevated recharge rates beneath these temporary surface water features were estimated to range between 40 and 710 mm over two-week periods using analytical and numerical modelling based on the water level, soil moisture, and temperature data. Modelling also suggested that such events could reduce contaminant travel times to a supply well, increasing vulnerability to water quality degradation. These studies suggest that event-based recharge processes occurring close to public supply wells may enhance the vulnerability of the wells to surface-sourced contaminants.
The Phase Transition Analysis for the Random Regular Exact 2-(d, k)-SAT Problem
Authors: Nie Guoxia , Xu Daoyun , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Xi
Published: July 2021

In a regular (d,k)-CNF formula, each clause has length k and each variable appears d times. A regular structure such as this is symmetric, and the satisfiability problem of this symmetric structure is called the (d,k)-SAT problem for short. The regular exact 2-(d,k)-SAT problem is that for a (d,k)-CNF formula F, if there is a truth assignment T, then exactly two literals of each clause in F are true. If the formula F contains only positive or negative literals, then there is a satisfiable assignment T with a size of 2n/k such that F is 2-exactly satisfiable. This paper introduces the (d,k)-SAT instance generation model, constructs the solution space, and employs the method of the first and second moments to present the phase transition point d* of the 2-(d,k)-SAT instance with only positive literals. When dd*, the 2-(d,k)-SAT instance can not be satisfied with high probability. Finally, the verification results demonstrate that the theoretical results are consistent with the experimental results.
Food Waste Drivers in Corporate Luxury Hotels: Competing Perceptions and Priorities across the Service Cycle
Authors: Chawla Gaurav , Lugosi Peter , Hawkins Rebecca
Published: July 2021

Drawing on data gathered through semi-structured interviews, participant observation and document analysis at five-star hotels in UK and Germany, this paper examines the competing pressures driving waste generation and prevention at different stages in the food production and service cycle. Primary data indicated that senior managers recognised the potential savings that could be achieved by preventing food waste. Despite this, many wasteful practices were normalised within routine operations. This was partly attributed to the corporatised business model and brand strategy in which premium pricing and luxury experiential propositions potentially transformed food waste reduction strategies into sources of risk. Past research generally categorised food as being edible or inedible. In contrast, the terms usable/unusable are proposed and this paper discusses how corporatised practices and value propositions rendered usable foods unusable. It considers how this type of corporate system frames waste problems and thus solutions, leading to various consequences. The discussion also explores how those systems shaped the organisational culture and the agency of staff who engaged with the service cycle at and across multiple points. The findings of this paper are based on primary data collected from a small number of corporately governed luxury hotels. Consequently, the closing parts of this paper outline how the insights generated here could be applied to the study of alternative organisational arrangements and operational types.
Modeling Abundance of Culicoides stellifer, a Candidate Orbivirus Vector, Indicates Nonrandom Hemorrhagic Disease Risk for White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Authors: Dinh Emily T. N. , Gomez Juan Pablo , Orange Jeremy P. , Morris Max A. , Sayler Katherine A. , McGregor Bethany L. , Blosser Erik M. , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D. , Wisely Samantha M. , Blackburn Jason K.
Published: July 2021

(1) Background: Hemorrhagic diseases in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are caused by orbiviruses and have significant economic impact on the deer ranching industry in the United States. Culicoides stellifer is a suspected vector of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), with recent field evidence from Florida, but its natural history is poorly understood. Studying the distribution and abundance of C. stellifer across the landscape can inform our knowledge of how virus transmission can occur locally. We may then target vector management strategies in areas where viral transmission can occur. (2) Methods: Here, we used an occupancy modeling approach to estimate abundance of adult C. stellifer females at various physiological states to determine habitat preferences. We then mapped midge abundance during the orbiviral disease transmission period (May–October) in Florida. (3) Results: We found that overall, midge abundance was positively associated with sites in closer proximity to large-animal feeders. Additionally, midges generally preferred mixed bottomland hardwood and agricultural/sand/water habitats. Female C. stellifer with different physiological states preferred different habitats. (4) Conclusions: The differences in habitat preferences between midges across states indicate that disease risk for deer is heterogeneous across this landscape. This can inform how effective vector management strategies should be implemented.
Advances in Phage Therapy: Targeting the Burkholderia cepacia Complex
Authors: Lauman Philip , Dennis Jonathan J.
Published: July 2021

The increasing prevalence and worldwide distribution of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens is an imminent danger to public health and threatens virtually all aspects of modern medicine. Particularly concerning, yet insufficiently addressed, are the members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of at least twenty opportunistic, hospital-transmitted, and notoriously drug-resistant species, which infect and cause morbidity in patients who are immunocompromised and those afflicted with chronic illnesses, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). One potential solution to the antimicrobial resistance crisis is phage therapy—the use of phages for the treatment of bacterial infections. Although phage therapy has a long and somewhat checkered history, an impressive volume of modern research has been amassed in the past decades to show that when applied through specific, scientifically supported treatment strategies, phage therapy is highly efficacious and is a promising avenue against drug-resistant and difficult-to-treat pathogens, such as the Bcc. In this review, we discuss the clinical significance of the Bcc, the advantages of phage therapy, and the theoretical and clinical advancements made in phage therapy in general over the past decades, and apply these concepts specifically to the nascent, but growing and rapidly developing, field of Bcc phage therapy.
Metabarcoding under Brine: Microbial Ecology of Five Hypersaline Lakes at Rottnest Island (WA, Australia)
Authors: Saccò Mattia , White Nicole E. , Campbell Matthew , Allard Sebastian , Humphreys William F. , Pringle Paul , Sepanta Farid , Laini Alex , Allentoft Morten E.
Published: July 2021

Hypersaline ecosystems—aquatic environments where concentration of salt exceeds 35 g L−1—host microbial communities that are highly specialised to cope with these extreme conditions. However, our knowledge on the taxonomic diversity and functional metabolisms characterising microbial communities in the water columns of hypersaline ecosystems is still limited, and this may compromise the future preservation of these unique environments. DNA metabarcoding provides a reliable and affordable tool to investigate environmental dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, and its use in brine can be highly informative. Here, we make use of bacterial 16S metabarcoding techniques combined with hydrochemical analyses to investigate the microbial patterns (diversity and functions) from five hypersaline lakes located at Rottnest Island (WA). Our results indicate lake-driven microbial aquatic assemblages that are characterised by taxonomically and functionally moderately to extremely halophilic groups, with TDS (total dissolved solids) and alkalinity amongst the most influential parameters driving the community patterns. Overall, our findings suggest that DNA metabarcoding allows rapid but reliable ecological assessment of the hypersaline aquatic microbial communities at Rottnest Island. Further studies involving different hypersaline lakes across multiple seasons will help elucidate the full extent of the potential of this tool in brine.
Bayesian Reasoning’s Power to Challenge Religion and Empirically Justify Atheism
Authors: Carrier Richard
Published: July 2021

Bayes’ Theorem is a simple mathematical equation that can model every empirical argument. Accordingly, once understood it can be used to analyze, criticize, or improve any argument in matters of fact. By extension, it can substantially improve an overall argument for atheism (here meaning the belief that supernatural gods probably do not exist) by revealing that god apologetics generally operates through the omission of evidence, and how every argument for there being a god becomes an argument against there being a god once you reintroduce all the pertinent evidence that the original argument left out. This revelation further reveals that god apologetics generally operates through the omission of evidence. This paper demonstrates these propositions by illustrating their application with examples.
EL USO DE UNA HERRAMIENTA RIA EN APOYO A LA TOMA DE DECISIONES IMPLEMENTADA EN UN PROYECTO DE IMPACTO SOCIAL: CASO TABASCO
Authors: Murillo-González Gilberto , Vázquez-Romero Jorge Omar , Jiménez-Tecillo Francisco Javier
Published: July 2021

La presente investigación, tiene como finalidad establecer el uso de un sistema de información para la Instancia Operadora Estatal (IOE) del Proyecto México Conectado (PMC) en el Estado de Tabasco, con el objetivo de mejorar el registro, control y acceso a la información de los sitios y espacios públicos en relación a las diversas actividades que se realizan de forma manual para su identificación, así como el almacenamiento de la información de las estructuras variadas, lo que genera inconsistencias, pérdida de tiempo y falta de organización para realizar la toma de decisiones adecuadas. Para el diseño y desarrollo, se optó en realizar una aplicación RIA y utilizar una metodología de desarrollo SCRUM, haciendo uso de nuevas técnicas en el ambiente. web. Como resultado se obtuvo mejoras sustanciales para gestionar la información de los 6,763 sitios propuestos para ser beneficiados con internet de alta velocidad y una base de datos unificada y homogénea.
Technology of decision-making management by small enterprises to choose strategic alternatives
Authors: Sokurenko Igor
Published: July 2021

The article considers the theoretical provisions and gives practical recommendations for strategic management decisions. The task of the research is to formalize the procedure for selecting a strategic alternative and determine a set of tools that correspond to the specifics of small business activity. The specific features of small enterprises, which are obstacles to the use of standard technologies of strategic management, are determined. The importance of choosing a strategic alternative according to the assessment of a potential partner at the stage of small enterprise growth has been proven. An expediency of formalizing decision-making to identify a potential partner using matrix methods is substantiated. To construct a matrix of potential business partners, assessment vectors were selected, the characteristics of each vector were established, and assessment scales were formed. Procedure for the formation of assessing scale the qualitative characteristics of business partners’ matrix with using the Klee method is proposed. A model of a potential business partner’s matrix is developed and description of its four fields is provided. The fields of matrix are highlighted on the basis of the development prospects of business partner and its reliability. The formalization of the strategic alternative solution for the choice of the business partner is proposed as a procedure of four consecutive stages. Formalization of the strategic alternative solution allows a small enterprise to choose a reliability business partner.
Modeling as a tool for strategic management of effective economic recovery of a modern enterprise
Authors: Grechkosiy Inna , Osychka Olena , Yasynska Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The article investigates the development trends of a machine-tool enterprise by example an Open joint-stock company OFRDM, and builds a generalized economic and mathematical model for choosing a set of measures for economic recovery of an enterprise with a transition to process-oriented management of activities in order to ensure its competitiveness. The relationship of factor influence with respect to the transformation of the main business processes of the enterprise in the form of interrelated activities, which together create additional value for product consumers, have been determined. Existing approaches to understanding of an enterprise development in strategic management have been clarified. The content of the strategic management process is analyzed to ensure the achievement of its desired effective level. A model for managing dynamic capabilities is proposed, which includes the principles, skills, boundaries of dynamic capabilities in accordance with the structural transformations of the enterprise. The processes of providing services using the methodology of functional modeling by constructing an economic and mathematical model for choosing a set of measures for enterprise economic recovery are generalized. The sequence of enterprise main business processes is clearly presented, the effective implementation of which affects increasing in product value for the consumer. Recommendations for the successful implementation of an effective strategy for Open joint-stock company OFRDM, aimed at the enterprise economic recovery, based on the qualified personnel and IT-technologies using, are proposed.
From ‘Ghosts’ to ‘Hill Tribe’ to Thai Citizens. Towards a History of the Mlabri of Northern Thailand
Authors: Nimonjiya Shu
Published: July 2021

Les Mlabri (appelés aussi «esprits des feuilles jaunes » ou phi tong lueang par les Thaï des plaines ou les Lao) constituent le plus petit groupe ethnique de Thaïlande et le seul groupe de chasseurs-cueilleurs vivant dans le nord du pays. Comme ce fut aussi le cas pour les autres minorités ethniques du nord de la Thaïlande, à la fin du XIXe et au début du XXe siècle, la présence des Mlabri en territoire siamois ou thaïlandais était reconnue et acceptée, mais ils étaient considérés comme «trop peu civilisés » pour être jamais comptés comme des sujets siamois ou des citoyens thaïlandais. Plus tard, dans le contexte de la guerre froide (années 1960 et 1970), alors que les autorités thaïlandaises regardaient la quasi-totalité des autres groupes ethniques du nord du pays — désignés alors arbitrairement sous le terme collectif de chao khao ou «tribus montagnardes » — comme une menace, les Mlabri furent considérés comme ne posant aucun problème pour la sécurité de la nation. En conséquence, tandis que lesdites «tribus montagnardes » devenaient l’objet de diverses politiques de développement visant à les intégrer à la nation, les Mlabri restèrent purement et simplement ignorés et tenus à l’écart de telles mesures. C’est seulement lorsque les «tribus montagnardes » cessèrent d’être perçues comme un problème de sécurité que les Mlabri acquérirent une certaine visibilité au regard du discours officiel et que le gouvernement thaïlandais mit en place des programmes de développement conçus à leur intention. Telle est l’histoire pour le moins particulière des Mlabri que nous tenterons de mettre en lumière dans le présent article en la mettant en parallèle avec celle, mieux connue, des «tribus montagnardes » .
THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP IN INNOVATION PERFORMANCE: TRANSACTIONAL VERSUS TRANSFORMATIONAL STYLE
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Insan Pembangunan, Novitasari Dewiana , Supiana Nana , Supriatna Heri , Agung Ali Fikri Muhamad , Asbari Masduki ,   STMIK Insan Pembangunan,   Universitas Mercu Buana,   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Insan Pembangunan,   STMIK Insan Pembangunan
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of transactional and transformational on the innovation performance of lecturers. The population of this research is all lecturers at a private university in Tangerang totaling 180 people. The research sample used a random sampling method. The data used are primary data collected through a questionnaire. The number of returned and valid questionnaires was 120 samples. The data is processed using Structural Equating Model (SEM). The results of the study conclude that transactional and transformational leadership have a positive impact on the innovation performance of lecturers. This study proposes a model to improve the performance of lecturers in Tangerang through improving leadership practices in universities. This study can pave the way to improve the readiness of lecturers in facing the 4.0 education era. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh transaksional dan transformasional terhadap kinerja inovasi dosen. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh dosen pada salah satu universitas swasta di Tangerang berjumlah 180 orang. Sampel penelitian menggunakan random sampling method. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Jumlah kuesioner yang kembali dan valid sebanyak 120 sampel. Data diolah dengan menggunakan Structural Equating Model (SEM). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kepemimpinan transaksional dan transformasional berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja inovasi dosen. Penelitian ini mengusulkan model untuk meningkatkan kinerja dosen di Tangerang melalui peningkatan praktik kepemimpinan di perguruan tinggi. Kajian ini dapat membuka jalan untuk meningkatkan kesiapan dosen dalam menghadapi era pendidikan 4.0.
Effect of Nano Materials on Performance Characteristics of High Strength Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: Narendra Kumar Boppana , B Abhilash , CH Naveen Kumar , S Pavan
Published: July 2021

In today's fast-growing world, it is critical to utilize green, sustainable, and resilient materials keeping the impact of carbon in mind. The use of Nanomaterials has evolved to improve the performance characteristics of cement composites. As a result, Graphene Oxide (G.O) was discovered to be one of the Nanomaterials with an exceptional variety of characteristics with the potential to improve the strength and toughness of cement-based composites. Nano-material concrete is a new kind of concrete composed of materials with Nano scale particle sizes. Graphene Oxide can be used in concrete to create high strength concrete. The mix design was calculated for M80 by substituting 15% cement with Fly Ash and another 15% cement with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS or GGBFS) to get High Strength Self-Compacting Concrete (HSSCC). In this paper, Graphene Oxide was added in 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% and 0.1% by weight of powder content to the Self Compacting Concrete. Fresh properties were determined by performing Slump Flow test, V-Funnel test, and L-Box test. Hardened properties were determined by conducting compression test, split tensile test and flexural test at 7 days and 28 days of age. By inclusion of Graphene Oxide to the self-compacting concrete, desired properties were achieved.
Gold nanoparticle–Quercetin composite formulation: A Computational Model Structure
Authors: Pal Rajat , Chatterjee Soumalya , Hazra Debraj
Published: July 2021

Nanoparticle mediated drug delivery is an emerging area of research now a days. In our present study, we emphasized on the mode of interaction of a widely used drug, Quercetin with frequently worked metallic nanoparticle, Gold (Au). At first five –OH groups have been attached separately with gold atom and energy minimization was performed using Avogadro Software for windows system. From this, we found that the –OH groups present at 7 position of ‘A’ ring, 3’ and 4’ positions of ‘B’ ring are most suitable site for gold atom to bind. In the next level of study, a gold atom has been interacted with two quercetin molecules at a time. The gold atom was attached to –OH group of 7 position of one quercetin molecule and 4’ position of the other. The calculated energy was found to be 482.319 KJ/Mol. Further, gold atoms were interacted with all –OH groups of quercetin molecule at a time to see its stability and the structure was found to have quite stable with an energy level of 218.074 KJ/Mol. Lastly we tried to make a quercetin–gold nanoparticle model structure which mimics the actual nanocomposite synthesized in vitro where one gold atom was interacted with two quercetin molecules and the other –OH groups of quercetin molecules were again attached with gold atoms. This structure possesses energy of 439.880 KJ/Mol. The bond lengths and bond angle of interacting C, O and Au atoms were measured to characterize the complex.
FEATURES OF STRUCTURE FORMATION IN THE JOINING ZONE OF COPPER-STEEL COMPOSITE COPPER M3 + STEEL 30CRMNSIA AFTER EXPLOSION WELDING AND THERMAL IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Arisova V. N. , Trudov A. F. , Gurevich L. M. , Kharlamov V. O. , Nazarova V. Yu.
Published: July 2021

The results of optical and electron microscopic metallographic studies and energy-dispersive analysis of the structure and composition in the zone of connection of copper M3 with steel 30 CrMnSiA after explosion welding, subsequent quenching from a temperature of 880 ° C and high tempering at a temperature of 520 ° C are presented. The change in the distribution of hardness and chemical elements over the cross section of the bimetal, the formation of martensite in melts after quenching and its decomposition during high tempering are shown.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN ELEMENTS OF DIFFERENT DESIGN OF HINGE JOINT OF SPHERICAL MECHANISM
Authors: Popov A. V. , Notov I. V. , Rozhnov A. A.
Published: July 2021

Results of simulation of stress-strain state of various design solutions of hinge of spherical converting mechanism for stepless drives are considered. Comparisons of hinge loading are given when using an intermediate bushing made of various materials and without it. Recommendations for designing such an element taking into account the peculiarities of the work are justified.
IMPROVING THE DESIGN OF KINEMATIC PAIRS OF CRANK-ROCKER DRIVE MECHANISM SSHNU
Authors: Burov A. M. , Kozlovtseva E. Yu. , Al Batkhavi Ahmed Ali , Mekhtiev A. T.
Published: July 2021

It is shown that one of the reasons for the failure of the SSHNU is the wear of the connecting rods with the crank, due to uneven loads on the connecting rods, due to the inaccuracy of the manufacture of elements of kinematic pairs, leading to elastic deformation and an increase in friction forces. The replacement of connecting rods with a crank and a traverse with spherical plain bearings corresponding to kinematic pairs of class IV, which exclude elastic deformations of the links, due to the appearance of an additional degree of freedom, is proposed. Calculations show an increase in the service life of spherical plain bearings by 15-17%.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTRIC TRANSFER ON DIFFUSION KINETICS IN A BIMETALLIC COMPOSITE OF THE CU - AL SYSTEM
Authors: Slautin O. V. , Pisarev S. P. , Pronichev D. V. , Kulevich V. P. , Chikalov M. N. , Booth I. V.
Published: July 2021

The effect of electrotransfer on the kinetics of growth of the diffusion zone during heat treatment of an explosion-welded bimetallic layered composite of the Cu-Al system has been investigated. It is shown that passing an electric current can accelerate the growth of the diffusion layer by up to 30% at short (up to ≈ 60 ÷ 90 minutes) exposures.
The Humanistic Note in Iqbal
Authors: Abdul-Huk M.
Published: July 2021

No Abstract
The Time Value of Money Concept in Islamic Finance
Authors: Ahmad Abu Umar Faruq , Hassan M. Kabir
Published: July 2021

The time value of money is a basic investment concept and a basic element in the conventional theory of finance. The Shari`ah does not rule out this consideration, for it does not prohibit any increment in a loan given to cover the price of a commodity in any sale contract to be paid at a future date. What is prohibited, however, is making money’s time value an element of any lending relationship that considers it to have a predetermined value. Here, the Shari`ah requires that a loan be due in the same currency in which it was given. The value (i.e., purchasing power) of paper currencies varies due to changes in many variables over which the two parties of a loan contract usually have no control. This study examines possible modus operandi of time valuation according to the Shari`ah’s precepts vis-à-vis the concept of money, and whether any value can be attributed to time while considering money’s value. For this purpose, it investigates the juristic views on such relevant issues as the permissibility of difference between a commodity’s cash and credit prices and an increase and reduction of the loan’s amount in return for early repayment.
Islamic Responses to Modernity
Authors: Kaler Helena
Published: July 2021

By examining the ideas of modernity and their manifestations in the ideas of Ayman al-Zawahiri and Farid Esack, this essay argues that both thinkers are deeply affected by the West’s Enlightenment ideas and differ mostly in their applications. The first part examines the idea of modernity itself, tracing its forms in the thought of Marx, Nietzsche, Weber, Schmitt, Adorno, and Horkheimer, among others. The second part traces the relationship of al-Zawahiri and Esack to the ideas of modernity, defined here as subjectivity, political agency, social fragmentation, and the rise of the nation-state. In contrast to the assertion made by some that Islamist thinkers were only affected by technological, rather than ideological, modernity, it seems that both al-Zawahiri and Esack are, ideologically, children of their time.
Patriotic and Pious Muslim Intellectuals in Twentieth-Century China: The Case of Ma Jian
Authors: Ma Haiyun
Published: July 2021

The fall of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) and the founding of the modern Chinese nation-state brought both opportunities and challenges to Chinese Muslims. No longer having to deal with emperorship and its foundational ideology, Confucianism, they were soon confronted with new state ideological impositions, namely, Han nationalism and socialism, imposed by the Republican and Communist regimes. These new challenges were both threatening and promising, for although the new ideologies were fundamentally antithetic to Islam, the new regimes promised an equal status to Chinese Muslims and saw how they could aid national diplomacy and international relations with Muslim countries. Within this context, China’s Muslim intellectuals tried to reorient and reposition Muslims and Islam by minimizing differences and maximizing commonalities during both the Republican and the Communist regimes. By studying Ma Jian (1906-78), one of modern China’s most influential and representative Muslim intellectuals, as well as his juxtaposition of Islam and China, I look at the way of being a modern Chinese Muslim intellectual in China’s post-1949 internal and international contexts. The Turkic Muslim communities in Xinjiang and elsewhere in China are excluded from this study.
Comparative Religion in Medieval Muslim Literature
Authors: Latief Hillman
Published: July 2021

This article investigates medieval Muslim literature on the study of non-Islamic religions through the writings of al-Biruni and al-Shahrastani in their dealing with Hind (India) and the nomenclature of world religions. I focus on their perceptions of monotheism and polytheism. My findings show that they used different approaches, categories, and classification models of world religious traditions in general, and of Hind’s religious traditions in particular. Al-Biruni classifies Indian religions according to the religious outlooks found in Hindu texts or sayings of Hindu philosophers/theologians and in the attitudes of ordinary people in a popular context. Al-Shahrastani categorizes the divisions and subdivisions of Hindu beliefs and practices according to types of “idol worshippers.” This article points out that they dealt with some conceptual issues in their presentations, such as “religious representation,” “intermediaries,” and “anthropomorphism.”
Mortalidad por cáncer en Trujillo: 2003-2010
Authors: Albújar-Baca Pedro
Published: July 2021

Objetivo. Describir las características epidemiológicas de la mortalidad por cáncer en Trujillo Metropolitano en el período 2003-2010. Material y método. El estudio es de tipo observacional descriptivo retrospectivo utilizando los certificados de defunción con diagnóstico de cáncer como causa básica de muerte y los datos oficiales del Censo Poblacional del año 2007. La clasificación topográfica de los diagnósticos de cáncer se hizo de acuerdo a la Décima Revisión de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades. Se calculó la frecuencia y tasas de mortalidad estandarizada por edad. Resultados. El cáncer fue la causa de muerte de 4 200 personas, 44 % hombres y 56 % mujeres. El promedio anual de muertes por cáncer fue 525. El cáncer de estómago, cuello uterino y próstata fueron las principales causas de la mortalidad por cáncer. Tres de cada cinco defunciones ocurrieron en mayores de sesentaicinco años. Entre los hombres las principales causas de muerte por cáncer fueron los tumores de estómago, próstata y pul món; en las mujeres, cuello uterino, estómago y mama. La mortalidad en la niñez representó 1,5 % del total de muertes por cáncer; las leucemias, tumores del sistema nervioso y linfomas fueron las principales causas de muerte por cáncer en este grupo de edad
Denuncias éticas de médicos colegiados en Perú, 1991-2010: frecuencia y naturaleza
Authors: Sogi-Uematzu Cecilia , Cárdenas-Díaz Maximiliano , Zavala-Sarrio Salomón
Published: July 2021

Introducción. El Colegio Médico del Perú (CMP), creado por la Ley N.º 15173 del año 1964, vela por el cumplimiento de las normas éticas de la profesión, específicamente, a través de su Comité de vigilancia ética y deontológica. En casos de infracción al código, el Consejo Nacional o el Consejo Regional respectivo pone fin al procedimiento disciplinario, imponiendo sanción o declarando la absolución del médico investigado, mediante una resolución. Objetivo. Describir la frecuencia y naturaleza de las denuncias éticascontenidas en las resoluciones del Consejo Nacional, en el período 1991-2010. Material y métodos. Se accedió a las resoluciones del Consejo Nacional. Se elaboró una ficha de recolección de datos; y se utilizaron el Excel para la base de datos y el SPSS versión 15 para el análisis de frecuencia. La naturaleza de las faltas éticas se estableció con base en el Código de ética y deontología del CMP (versiones 1970 y 2000). Resultados. En el primer decenio, las 84 resoluciones (24,8%) contenían 157 infracciones al código, las más frecuentes fueron en el título relación médico paciente (35,7%). En el segundo decenio, las 253 resoluciones (75,2%) contenían 388 infracciones, las más frecuentes fueron en el título derechos del paciente (55%). Conclusiones. La frecuencia de las denuncias éticas se triplicó entre los dos decenios. La naturaleza de las trasgresiones al código fueron las mismas en los dos decenios, aunque su frecuencia varía por diferencias entre sus dos versiones (1970 y 2000).
Acción analgésica y neurofarmacológica de las fracciones soluble y no soluble del extracto etanólico de la semilla de Jatropha curcas L.
Authors: Salazar-Granara Alberto , Goicochea-Lugo Sergio , Zavala-Flores Ernesto , Cazuza-Nascimento Letícia , Luján-Carpio Elmer , Pante-Medina Carlos
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Estudios preclínicos evidencian efectos dosis dependiente sobre la analgesia e inflamación y neurotoxicidad de las hojas, corteza y raíz de J. curcas L. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la actividad analgésica y neurofarmacológica de las fracciones de la semilla de J. curcas L. Métodos. Estudio experimental, preclínico y prospectivo. Se distribuyeron 48 ratones en seis grupos control: ácido acético, diclofenaco, tramadol, agua destilada,  diazepam y cafeína. Cuatro grupos experimentales: fracción soluble a 500 mg/kg y fracción no soluble a 250, 500 y 750 mg/kg; se evaluó los efectos sobre la algesia, por medio de la prueba de contorsiones abdominales por ácido acético a 1,5 %, y las manifestaciones neurológicas, mediante la prueba de Irwin. Se realizaron pruebas para el análisis de las variables cuantitativas y para las variables cualitativas. Resultados. La inhibición de las contorsiones fue 62,27 %, 56,86 %, 44,12 % y 42,06 % para los grupos 5, 2, 4 y 3, respectivamente. Las manifestaciones neurológicas de los grupos experimentales mostraron presencia y significancia de las variables excitación, sacudidas de cabeza, rascarse, incoordinación motora, cola de Straub, piloerección y estereotipias. Las variables estereotipias y rascado se presentaron en las dos fracciones. Conclusión. La fracción soluble y la no soluble del extracto etanólico de J. curcas L. presentaron efecto analgésico y efectos tóxicos a nivel del sistema nervioso central.
Medicina de Emergencias y Desastres: los últimos 50 años
Authors: Morales-Soto Nelson Raúl
Published: July 2021

Medicina de Emergencias y Desastres: los últimos 50 años
Enfermedad de Niemann-Pick
Authors: Accinelli-Tanaka Roberto
Published: July 2021

Enfermedad de Niemann-Pick
Adolescent and Youth Suicide: Risk Factors and Approaches to Prevention
Authors: Markova Svetlana , Nikitskaya Catherine
Published: July 2021

The aim of this article is to explore current approach to suicide prevention at school. The article provides information about statistics and the importance of the problem. It addresses risk and protective factors of suicide and its causes. In addition, it provides a detailed examination of the role of school in suicide prevention. The article contains information regarding specific interventions for staff members, administration and school psychologists. It discusses existing tools and programs the school has access to in order to prevent suicidal behaviors and ideations among students.
THE PRIORITIES OF STATE TAX POLICY IN UKRAINE
Authors: SHVABII Kostyantyn
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Successful government decisions in the budget and tax areas able to provide socio-economic development of the country. Ukraine has undergone many tax reforms since independence, but there is no sustainable socio-economic growth. In view of this, it is important to clarify the directions of transformation of the state tax policy.

The purpose of the article is to determine the directions of transformation of the tax policy of the state in Ukraine in the medium term based on the analysis of the existing structural disparities of the domestic economy and its taxation system.

Results. The research sets out the areas of state tax policy transformation for medium-term perspective. The proposals presented here are to transform the state tax policy aimed at forming a tax system in Ukraine that will promote long-term, balanced, inclusive economic growth and, at the same time, provide a sufficient level of state revenues to perform its functions. To do this, in our opinion, in the medium term there should be a general redistribution of the tax burden by applying the entire list of taxes and their constituent elements (taxpayers, objects of taxation, tax base, benefits, tax rates, etc.), which should lead to the elimination of disparities in the tax system of Ukraine, and will contribute to structural modernization of the domestic economy in the long run and increase the level of voluntary tax payments. These proposals mainly concern changes in the structure of the tax system and elements of taxes, and do not concern the corresponding changes in the system of their administration, as this is the subject of a separate discussion.

Conclusions. Given the existing structural disparities in the tax system of Ukraine, which lead to a regressive distribution of the tax burden by income level, one of the priority measures of state tax policy is to reduce the regulatory VAT rate from 20% to 15%. This will support the purchasing power of domestic households. The main positive side effect of this is to create such conditions for taxpayers, under which further activities on the schemes of formation of fictitious tax credit becomes economically unprofitable.
INFORMATION SUPPORT OF UKRAINIAN CUSTOMS AFFAIRS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Authors: SYDOROVYCH Olena , HERCHAKIVSKY Sviatoslav
Published: July 2021

Introduction. In the current conditions of global transformations, the impact of pandemic challenges and threats, the level of digitalization of public administration in general and the level of information support of fiscal authorities in particular play a key role. The use of effective technologies of informatization of the customs authorities of the state creates favorable conditions for the movement of goods across the state border by simplifying, accelerating and improving the procedures of customs clearance and customs control. Today there is an urgent need to unify the national legal framework in the field of customs to international standards, improve the technological, institutional and infrastructural direction of reforming the customs authorities of the state and to intensifyty the processes of digitalization in Ukrainian customs policy.

The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of the activities and tasks of reforming the information support in the state customs authorities, to outline priorities and obstacles to improving the efficiency of customs institutions in Ukraine and in the economic avant-garde countries on the context of digital strategy of society.

Methods. In studying the features of information support of customs in Ukraine and the level of informatization of customs authorities in particular, a set of general scientific and special research methods was used, covering: analysis and synthesis, generalization and statistical.

Results. As a result of the study of information support of the customs of Ukraine, the basis of its implementation is systematized, the transformational features of information support of the customs authorities of the state are analyzed. The experience of informatization of the customs space of economically developed countries in the conditions of digitalization of the economy is analyzed. Modern information systems of the customs authorities of Ukraine and the peculiarities of their functioning are outlined. The advantages and obstacles of accession of the customs authorities of the state to the Convention on the procedure of joint transit are detailed. The problematic aspects that prevent the increase of efficiency of information support in the LCA of Ukraine are determined.

Prospects. Further research is planned to focus on assessing the level of efficiency of the customs information system in Ukraine and developed countries, analysis of security, fiscal and economic effects of digital transformations of customs procedures, areas of implementation of best practices of informatization of customs institutions.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas II Pada Tema Pengalamanku
Authors: Nurhariyasni Nurhariyasni
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan berdasarkan permasalahan terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran pada kelas II, yang mana rendahnya hasil belajar terhadap siswa pada subtema bermain di lingkungan rumah.. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN 06 Timpeh dengan populasi siswa kelas II yang berjumlah 22 orang. Metode yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, tes, dan angket. Dari hasil yang diperoleh pada hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil belajar siswa pada prasiklus mendapatkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 71,59 dengan ketuntasan belajar 40,9% atau 9 dari 22 siswa.. Hasil belajar siswa siklus I meningkat yang mana nilai rata-rata pada siklus I yaitu 79,7 dengan ketuntasan belajar 72,7% atau 16 dari 22 siswa mencapai nilai angka KKM yang ditentukan. Untuk lebih mengoptimalkan hasil belajar terhadap siswa maka dilaksanakan tahapan perbaikan ke siklus II. Pada siklus II semua siswa sudah mampu mencapai angka KKM yang ditetapkan yaitu nilai 75, sedangkan nilai rata-rata siswa meningkat menjadi 88,86. Dari hasil tersebut dinyatakan bahwa kenaikan hasil belajar terhadap siswa pada setiap siklus dikarenakan dengan diterapkan model Cooperative Integrated Reading And Composition (CIRC).