bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’humour des femmes au Québec au XXIe siècle: Vers une poétique du moche, du fluide et de l’apocalyptique
Authors: Mathieu-Lessard Jeanne
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Cet article vise à repenser l’utilisation des cadres théoriques principaux en études de l’humour, dont le découpage proposé par Morreall (1983) entre théories de la supériorité, de l’incongruité, et de la détente psychique, qui continue à orienter la recherche en humour, pose problème pour l’inclusion de la production culturelle des femmes. L’article dégage une poétique humoristique des femmes par l’analyse de trois œuvres québécoises contemporaines : le numéro de stand-up « Sable dans le vagin » de Mariana Mazza (2015), la vidéo d’animation « La pureté de l’enfance » de Zviane (2017) et la websérie Quart de vie écrite par Kadidja Haïdara (2014–17). L’analyse montre de quelle façon les œuvres mettent en scène trois modes humoristiques : l’humour « de chez les moches » (inspiré de King Kong théorie de Virginie Despentes, qui permet de contester les théories de la supériorité), l’humour fluide (qui remet en question la validité de l’incongruité comme critère premier en humour), et l’humour apocalyptique (qui reprend le terme de Regina Barreca et qui remet en question le besoin de détente psychique en humour). L’étude du corpus contemporain permet aussi de souligner un important changement de paradigme en ce qui a trait à la représentation de sujets longtemps tabous.
Annette Messager. Les mots, les images et l’humour
Authors: Clonts Charlène
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Dans trois œuvres remédiatisées sous la forme de livres d’artiste, Les pensionnaires (1971–72), La femme et… (1975) et Interdictions (2014), la plasticienne Annette Messager joue avec les codes picturaux de différents médias (panneaux de signalétique, reportages photographiques, photographies du corps féminin). Les mots et les images s’y combinent pour former un espace conceptuel et produire des réseaux. On interroge la pertinence des différentes formes d’humour qu’on lui prête (parodie, ironie de la feinte, grotesque) et on souligne à la fois l’existence d’autres mécanismes humoristiques. On montre enfin que l’image agit sur les mots (et vice versa) par relation et par opposition, pour combler un manque à dire mais surtout pour provoquer une réaction en chaîne qui part du sourire gêné ou franc, pour une certaine libération de soi et des autres.
“Combattre par le sourire les idées courantes contre le vote des femmes”: Humor as Coalition Building in Marthe Bray’s 1920s Feminist Postcards
Authors: Tuttle Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This article analyzes a collection of humorous postcards produced and distributed by feminist Marthe Bray’s Ligue d’action féminine pour le suffrage des femmes in late-1920s France. Each card features a colorful, humorous drawing on one side, a brief feminist text on the other, and a space where recipients could fill in contact information and return the card to become a league member. These cards set Bray apart from the interwar French feminist scene in two ways. First, Bray believed that using humor would breathe new life into what she saw as a flagging feminist movement. Second, distributing these cards in places frequented by both workingclass women and men would allow suffragists to convince a wide readership to support women’s suffrage. Ultimately, Bray’s postcards expanded her league’s potential to convince men to support the cause while also fostering political solidarity among women based not only on common oppression, but also on laughter and a shared vision for the future.
Low-cost camera-based assessment of venous hemodynamics in the lower limbs: a study on young healthy volunteers
Authors: Badiola Idoia , Seleng Jan , Silva Diogo , Blazek Vladimir , Leonhardt Steffen , Lueken Markus , Borik Stefan
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a non-contact and cost-effective method to assess venous hemodynamics along the lower limbs using photoplethysmography imaging (PPGI). Seventeen healthy volunteers performed the venous muscle pump test, inducing venous blood volume changes in their lower legs, which were recorded using a webcam. PPGI signals were extracted from three regions along the lower leg. Key parameters derived from a physiological model were evaluated and analyzed statistically: perfusion amplitude, ejection time constant, and peripheral venous flow index. The method demonstrated robust estimation of physiologically explainable parameters, and the potential to improve venous function diagnostics with high spatial resolution.
Temperature dependence of the coupling loss between polymer optical waveguides and SMF for co-packaging
Authors: Kinoshita Ryota , Ishigure Takaaki
Published: December 2024

We theoretically calculate the coupling loss between single-mode fibers (SMFs) and polymer optical waveguides with different refractive index profiles. Temperature resistance is one of the concerns when integrating polymer optical waveguides near the electronics and photonics chips where they are highly likely to dissipate heat. Hence, the calculation focuses on the core size variations due to changes in operating temperature. The calculated results show that the refractive index variation with respect to temperature has a greater impact on coupling loss compared to the temperature-dependent core size variation. Then, polymer optical waveguides are experimentally fabricated and characterized. The temperature dependence of the output light intensity distribution from the fabricated waveguides is observed, as it is estimated by the theoretical calculation. In addition, it is also found that graded-index cores in polymer waveguides demonstrate slightly higher temperature stability in connection with SMF than their step-index counterparts. Such a low coupling loss with SMF could be maintained even in an environment at 100 °C, making polymer optical waveguides promising for the application of co-packaged optics.
Coil-shaped multimode polymer optical fibers for robotic tactile perception
Authors: Li Zhihao , Chen Zaiping , Yan Xiangyu , Song Guangsheng , Cui Xiahua , Zhang Taihao , Wang Zhe , Qian Zhihui , Guo Tuan , Hu Xuehao , Caucheteur Christophe , Li Kaiwei , Ren Lei , Ren Luquan
Published: December 2024

Optical fiber tactile sensors capable of measuring contact forces are emerging as potential components for intelligent robotics. The demand for innovative fiber sensor designs and effective fabrication techniques to enhance tactile sensing performance is growing. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a robotic tactile sensor utilizing the coiled multimode polymer optical fiber (POF). The fiber coils are formed by winding commercial polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) optical fibers around a steel needle and applying heat to maintain the coil configuration. The polymer fiber coil is then integrated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates for mechanical support and protection. Under external pressure, the fiber coil deforms, leading to a reduced bending radius and an increase in bending loss. Experimental results show that sensitivity and dynamic range can be adjusted by varying the number of coils. A resolution of 0.024 N and a dynamic range of 0-10 N for the detection of normal force were achieved with a coiled POF featuring a coil diameter of 1.125 mm and a coil quantity of 8.5. Ultimately, we integrated a coiled fiber tactile sensor array onto the finger of a robot manipulator to enhance grasping capabilities, demonstrating its potential for practical applications. The proposed coiled fiber sensor may potentially inspire new sensing devices and find use in smart homes and healthcare.
Narrow linewidth distributed feedback lasers utilizing distributed phase shift
Authors: Sun Yiming , Yuan Bocheng , Sun Xiao , Zhu Simeng , Fan Yizhe , Al-Rubaiee Mohanad , Marsh John H. , Sweeney Stephen J. , Hou Lianping
Published: December 2024

This study proposes and experimentally demonstrates a distributed feedback (DFB) laser with a distributed phase shift (DPS) region at the center of the DFB cavity. By modeling the field intensity distribution in the cavity and the output spectrum, the DPS region length and phase shift values have been optimized. Experimental comparisons with lasers using traditional π-phase shifts confirm that DFB lasers with optimized DPS lengths and larger phase shifts (up to 15π) achieve stable single longitudinal mode operation over a broader current range, with lower threshold current, higher power slope efficiency, and a higher side mode suppression ratio (SMSR). Furthermore, the minimum optical linewidth is reduced significantly, from 1.3 MHz to 220 kHz.
Local changes in potassium ions regulate input integration in active dendrites
Authors: Nordentoft Malthe S. , Takahashi Naoya , Heltberg Mathias S. , Jensen Mogens H. , Rasmussen Rune N. , Papoutsi Athanasia
Published: December 2024

During neuronal activity, the extracellular concentration of potassium ions ([K+]o) increases substantially above resting levels, yet it remains unclear what role these [K+]o changes play in the dendritic integration of synaptic inputs. We here used mathematical formulations and biophysical modeling to explore the role of synaptic activity-dependent K+ changes in dendritic segments of a visual cortex pyramidal neuron, receiving inputs tuned to stimulus orientation. We found that the spatial arrangement of inputs dictates the magnitude of [K+]o changes in the dendrites: Dendritic segments receiving similarly tuned inputs can attain substantially higher [K+]o increases than segments receiving diversely tuned inputs. These [K+]o elevations in turn increase dendritic excitability, leading to more robust and prolonged dendritic spikes. Ultimately, these local effects amplify the gain of neuronal input–output transformations, causing higher orientation-tuned somatic firing rates without compromising orientation selectivity. Our results suggest that local, activity-dependent [K+]o changes in dendrites may act as a “volume knob” that determines the impact of synaptic inputs on feature-tuned neuronal firing.
Deanthropomorphising NLP: Can a language model be conscious?
Authors: Shardlow Matthew , Przybyła Piotr
Published: December 2024

This work is intended as a voice in the discussion over previous claims that a pretrained large language model (LLM) based on the Transformer model architecture can be sentient. Such claims have been made concerning the LaMDA model and also concerning the current wave of LLM-powered chatbots, such as ChatGPT. This claim, if confirmed, would have serious ramifications in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community due to wide-spread use of similar models. However, here we take the position that such a large language model cannot be conscious, and that LaMDA in particular exhibits no advances over other similar models that would qualify it. We justify this by analysing the Transformer architecture through Integrated Information Theory of consciousness. We see the claims of sentience as part of a wider tendency to use anthropomorphic language in NLP reporting. Regardless of the veracity of the claims, we consider this an opportune moment to take stock of progress in language modelling and consider the ethical implications of the task. In order to make this work helpful for readers outside the NLP community, we also present the necessary background in language modelling.
Exploring the potential of large language models for integration into an academic statistical consulting service–the EXPOLS study protocol
Authors: Fichtner Urs Alexander , Knaus Jochen , Graf Erika , Koch Georg , Sahlmann Jörg , Stelzer Dominikus , Wolkewitz Martin , Binder Harald , Weber Susanne
Published: December 2024

Background

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), is rapidly progressing. LLMs, such as OpenAI’s GPT, are becoming vital in scientific and medical processes, including text production, knowledge synthesis, translation, patient communication and data analysis. However, the outcome quality needs to be evaluated to assess the full potential for usage in statistical applications. LLMs show potential for all research areas, including teaching. Integrating LLMs in research, education and medical care poses opportunities and challenges, depending on user competence, experience and attitudes.

Objective

This project aims at exploring the use of LLMs in supporting statistical consulting by evaluating the utility, efficiency and satisfaction related to the use of LLMs in statistical consulting from both advisee and consultant perspective. Within this project, we will develop, execute and evaluate a training module for the use of LLMs in statistical consulting. In this context, we aim to identify the strengths, limitations and areas for potential improvement. Furthermore, we will explore experiences, attitudes, fears and current practices regarding the use of LLMs of the staff at the Medical Center and the University of Freiburg.

Materials and methods

This multimodal study includes four study parts using qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data. Study part (I) is designed as mixed mode study to explore the use of LLMs in supporting statistical consulting and to evaluate the utility, efficiency and satisfaction related to the use of LLMs. Study part (II) uses a standardized online questionnaire to evaluate the training module. Study part (III) evaluates the consulting sessions using LLMs from advisee perspective. Study part (IV) explores experiences, attitudes, fears and current practices regarding the use of LLMs of the staff at the Medical Center and the University of Freiburg. This study is registered at the Freiburg Registry of Clinical Studies under the ID: FRKS004971.
A patient-centred care model for patients with complicated multimorbidity: Protocol for a pilot cluster randomised trial in general practice, municipalities, and hospitals
Authors: Lundstrøm Sanne Lykke , Kamstrup-Larsen Nina , Barrett Barbara Ann , Jørgensen Louise Marie Bidstrup , Hansen Solvej Skriver , Andersen John Sahl , Friderichsen Bolette , Stockmarr Anders , Frølich Anne
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Current care is inadequate for patients with complicated multimorbidity, and frequently results in fragmented care. There is no widely agreed-upon optimal organisation of healthcare services for this patient group. By drawing upon existing literature and prior studies, we developed a patient-centred complex intervention for multimorbidity (CIM) and subsequently refined it into CIM version 2 (CIM2). This paper describes the study protocol for a pilot cluster randomised control trail (RCT) evaluating the effectiveness of a general practice-based intervention.

Methods

CIM2 aims to support integrated care for patients with complicated multimorbidity. CIM2 comprises five elements: 1) Training healthcare professionals, 2) an extended overview consultation in general practice, 3) a nurse care coordinator in general practice supporting the planning of the patient trajectory, 4) follow-up care services in general practice, and 5) improving the integration of care between general practice, municipality, and hospital. The pilot cluster RCT involve 350 patients with complicated multimorbidity across 14 general practices in Region Zealand and The Capital Region of Denmark. Patients are randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the usual care group. The primary outcome measure is the patients experience of quality of care measured by the Patient Assessment Chronic Illness Care Questionnaire (PACIC). Secondary outcomes include the patient’s health-related quality of life, measured by the EuroQol-5 Domain questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and the treatment burden measured by the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ). Data on chronic conditions, healthcare utilization, and demographic information such as sex, age, and educational attainment will be collected from national registries. The outcome measures will be recorded before, during, and after implementing the intervention. Qualitative evaluation will include semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals across various sectors as well as patients. The cost-effectiveness and Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) of the CIM2 will be assessed using Diagnose Related Group rates.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05406193. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05406193.
SARS-CoV-2 coinfections among pertussis cases identified through the Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance system in the United States, January 2020–February 2023
Authors: Berry Isha , Cole Matthew , Silk Benjamin , Havers Fiona P. , Youngkin Erin , Misiorski Adam , Sefton Samantha , Vang Yeng , Stanislawski Emma , McGuire Suzanne , Silhan Noel , Skoff Tami H , Rubis Amy B.
Published: December 2024

Background

Bacterial and viral respiratory coinfections are common, but the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among pertussis cases has not been estimated. We examine the prevalence and temporality of SARS-CoV-2 infections among pertussis patients and describe pertussis clinical severity among patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 coinfections.

Methods

Confirmed and probable pertussis cases among individuals with cough onset between January 1, 2020 and February 15, 2023 were identified through surveillance in seven Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance (EPS) sites. Pertussis cases with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection detected within 30 days before or after pertussis cough onset were defined as coinfections. We describe patient demographics, symptoms, and severe complications and outcomes (seizures, encephalopathy, pneumonia, hospitalization, or death) by coinfection status.

Results

Among 765 pertussis cases reported during the study period, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 coinfections was 0.78% [6/765]. Among the six patients meeting the coinfection definition, the majority (83.3% [5/6]) had SARS-CoV-2 infections detected following pertussis cough onset. Compared to those with no known coinfection, a higher proportion of those with coinfections reported severe complications or outcomes (50.0% [3/6] vs. 5.2% [36/694]).

Discussion

Although the prevalence of pertussis patients with SARS-CoV-2 coinfections was low, patients with coinfections reported more severe complications and outcomes compared to those with pertussis alone. Given the decline in reported pertussis cases during the COVID-19 pandemic, continued monitoring of pertussis incidence alongside respiratory viral infections will be important as the pertussis burden returns to pre-pandemic levels.
Modulation of electrical activity of proteinoid microspheres with chondroitin sulfate clusters
Authors: Mougkogiannis Panagiotis , Adamatzky Andrew
Published: December 2024

Proteinoids—thermal proteins—are produced by heating amino acids to their melting point and initiation of polymerisation to produce polymeric chains. Proteinoids swell in aqueous solution into hollow microspheres. The proteinoid microspheres produce endogenous burst of electrical potential spikes and change patterns of their electrical activity in response to illumination. These microspheres were proposed as proto-neurons in 1950s. To evaluate pathways of potential evolution of these proto-neurons and their applicability of chimera neuromorphic circuits we decided to hybridise them with hondroitin sulphate (CS) clusters, which form a part of the brain extracellular matrix. We found a novel synergistic interaction between CS clusters and proteinoids that dramatically affects patterns of electrical activity of proteinoid microspheres. Our study might shed light on evolution of synaptic plasticity’s molecular mechanisms and the role of extracellular matrix-protein interactions in learning, and open up possibilities for novel methods in unconventional computing and the development of adaptable, brain-inspired computational systems.
Vaccine uptake, associated factors and reasons for vaccination status among the South African elderly; findings and next steps
Authors: Sibanda Mncengeli , Burnett Rosemary J. , Godman Brian , Meyer Johanna C.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The elderly are particularly prone to complications from a number of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, there are limited data on vaccine uptake for this vulnerable population in South Africa. Consequently, this study investigated influenza, pneumococcal and shingles vaccine uptake among elderly people in South Africa; reasons for their vaccination status; and factors associated with their uptake.

Methods

Cross-sectional study using an interviewer-administered questionnaire to survey 985 consenting adults aged ≥65 years in 2018. Participants were recruited from across South Africa. Bivariate analysis was used to identify socio-demographic variables associated with vaccine uptake, with multivariate logistic regression analysis used to identify key factors associated with vaccine uptake.

Results

Influenza vaccine uptake was 32.3% (318/985), with uptake highest in those aged 85–90 years. Pneumococcal and shingles vaccine uptake was 3.8% (37/985) and 0.4% (4/985) respectively, being highest among those aged >90 years. The strongest statistically significant predictors for influenza vaccination were previous influenza vaccination (OR: 8.42 [5.61–12.64]); identifying as ‘Coloured’ (OR: 8.39 [3.98–17.69]); and residing in Gauteng Province (OR: 5.44 [3.30–9.02]). The strongest statistically significant predictors of receiving pneumococcal vaccination included receiving influenza vaccination (OR = 10.67 [3.27–37.83]); residing in the Western Cape Province (OR: 7.34 [1.49–36.22]); identifying as ‘Indian’ (OR: 5.85 [2.53–13.55]); and having a university education (OR: 5.56 [1.25–24.77]). Statistically significant barriers to receiving influenza vaccination included following the Traditional African religion (OR: 0.08 [0.01–0.62]) and residing in Limpopo Province (OR: 0.16 [0.04–0.71]). The main reasons for non-vaccination were considering influenza as a mild illness (36.6%; 242/661), and lack of knowledge about the pneumococcal (93.4%; 886/948) and shingles (95.2%; 934/981) vaccines.

Conclusion

Vaccine uptake for all vaccines was sub-optimal, with multiple non-modifiable factors predicting vaccine uptake. These pre-COVID-19 data provide a baseline for measuring the effectiveness of future interventions to increase vaccine uptake and safeguard the health of the elderly.
Phenotypic characterization of Nguni goats in four agro-ecological zones of Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Mathapo Madumetja Cyril , Mugwabana Joseph Thinawanga , Tyasi Thobela Louis
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to phenotypically characterize Nguni goats from four agro-ecological zones of Limpopo province, South Africa. A total of 426 goats were sampled from four agro-ecological zones. The quantitative traits that were studied for phenotypic characterization using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were heart girth (HG), body length (BL), withers height (WH), sternum height (SH), rump height (RH), rump length (RL), rump width (RW), cannon circumference (CC), testicular length (TL) and scrotal circumference (SC) while qualitative traits were coat colour pattern and type, back profile, ear orientation, presence of horn, horn shape and orientation. The study further looked at the structural indices of the goats. The findings indicated that the agro-ecological zones significantly affected (P<0.05) the quantitative traits of Nguni goats. Female goats from arid zone had higher (P<0.05) BW, HG, BL, WH, RH, and CC with mean values of 35.76±0.92, 73.89±0.63, 66.26±0.62, 63.40±0.56, 64.71±0.44 and 8.07±0.06, respectively as compared to the other zones. Male goats from arid zone had higher (P<0.05) BW, HG, BL, RW, TL and SC with mean values of 37.20±2.29, 78.75±1.44, 70.95±1.57, 16.83±0.38, 15.50±0.50 and 31.00±0.00, respectively as compared to other zones. In terms of qualitative traits, the goats were characterized by higher proportion of patchy coat colour pattern (62.7%), brown dominant colour type (42.6%), straight back profile (46.6%), and semi-pendulous ear orientation (65.4%). The goats had horns (100%), curved horn shape (71.6%) and backward horn orientation (89.4%). Though the agro-ecological zone had non-significant influence (P>0.05) on the qualitative traits. Findings of structural indices on dactyl-thoracic, transversal pelvic, longitudinal pelvic and proportionality indicated that the Nguni goats can be matched as light medium meat type. In conclusion, the variation in morphometric traits of Nguni goats and knowing their structural and functional indices can assist in their conservation and genetic improvement. There was no difference in the qualitative traits of the goats in four agro-ecological zones. Studies needed to be conducted on genetic characterization using genetic markers to integrate the information from morphological traits.
The protective association of social cohesion on sex workers’ experiences of violence and access to community support: Impacts of resource sharing, trust and connection among a community-based cohort in Metro Vancouver, Canada (2010–2022)
Authors: Pearson Jennie , Krüsi Andrea , Shannon Kate , Ettinger Emma , Kerrigan Deanna , Braschel Melissa , Zhou Charlie , Goldenberg Shira M.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To measure recent social cohesion (resource sharing, trust and support) and its association with (1) sexual/physical violence, and (2) engagement with sex work-specific services among women sex workers in Metro Vancouver, Canada.

Methods

Prospective data (January 2010-August 2022) were drawn from an open cohort of 900+ women sex workers. We developed multivariable logistic regression confounder models with generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine associations between social cohesion and recent (1) physical/sexual violence and (2) engagement with sex work-specific services.

Results

Of 918 participants, 36.8% were Indigenous and 32.1% were Black/Women of Colour. At baseline, the median social cohesion score was 19 (IQR 16–22), out of 36, with higher levels among participants who work with other sex workers. In separate multivariable confounder models with GEE, social cohesion was associated with lower odds of recent physical/sexual violence (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.98 per point on scale, 95% Confidence Interval 0.97, 0.99) and recent use of sex work-specific services, although only statistically significant for physical/sexual violence.

Conclusions

Findings support the need to eliminate policing of work environments that promote sex workers’ social cohesion and physical safety through full decriminalization.
Las uniones de personas del mismo sexo de «Fiducia supplicans» a «Dignitas infinita»
Authors: Pérez-Madrid Francisca
Published: December 2024

La declaración Fiducia supplicans «Sobre el sentido pastoral de las bendiciones», publicada por el Dicasterio para la Doctrina de la Fe en 2023, permite la bendición pastoral y espontánea de personas que no puedan recibir una bendición litúrgica. Se afirma abiertamente que la doctrina católica sobre el matrimonio y la sexualidad permanece inalterada. Diversas aclaraciones posteriores insisten en que no se pretende justificar algo que no es moralmente aceptable; también, en el carácter no ritual de las bendiciones. El artículo analiza los precedentes de Fiducia supplicans, algunas interpretaciones del documento y la posible repercusión en la comprensión de la institución matrimonial en la Iglesia católica. Finalmente, se analiza la posible aportación de Dignitas infinita en materia de género y transexualidad.
Reconocimiento y garantía de la asistencia religiosa en centros penitenciarios de un Estado de cooperación: España. Particular referencia al secreto religioso
Authors: Briones Martínez Irene María
Published: December 2024

Son muchos los trabajos que se esfuerzan en estudiar la necesidad de asegurar la libertad religiosa en prisiones, con independencia del sistema de relaciones Iglesia-Estado, y a pesar de que parezca que hay una pérdida absoluta de derechos para las personas con penas privativas de libertad. La asistencia religiosa en España es un servicio que prestan los ministros de culto con la mediación del Estado a personas en una situación de sujeción pública, gracias a un entramado legislativo con basamento constitucional, la libertad religiosa reconocida en un Estado social de Derecho y de cooperación, que realiza un mandato a los poderes públicos de remover todos los obstáculos para que los derechos y libertades, sean reales y efectivos, así como en igualdad ante la ley. La asistencia religiosa es un modo de enaltecer la dignidad de las personas como fundamento del orden político, la paz social y de todo el ordenamiento.
Urethral pharmacological mechanisms incontinence and bladder emptying: An updated review
Authors: Andersson Karl-Erik , Uvelius Bengt
Published: December 2024

Background: The urethral wall consists of layers of striated muscle, circular and longitudinal smooth muscles, collagen fibers, and a vascular plexus. However, the relative contributions of these components to urethral pressure in humans remain poorly understood. The circular and longitudinal smooth muscle components can develop a spontaneous contractile activity, generating a basal tone. They can further contract or relax in response to excitatory or inhibitory stimuli. Animal studies suggest that smooth muscle activity in the mid-urethra plays a crucial role in determining maximal urethral closing pressure. Notably, the highest sympathetic activity occurs in the middle segment of the female urethra during increasing smooth muscle tone. This finding is supported by human studies that did not detect any electromyographic activity from striated muscle in this region. Objectives: This study was conducted to review the contributions of the primary structural components and control mechanisms of urethral. Conclusion: In females, the external urethral striated sphincter is located at the distal urethra, which is not the segment associated with the highest closing pressure. Rather, the sphincter has been shown to modulate urethral pressure during exercise and physical stress. Basic science research does not support the notion that mid-urethral pressure is caused by the external striated sphincter tone in females. Instead, findings suggest that, at rest and during bladder filling, maximal urethral pressure is primarily determined by the activity of the urethral smooth muscles.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) pada Penyembuhan Luka
Authors: Muanjatun Dahin , Yuniati Renni , Mundhofir Farmaditya EP
Published: December 2024

Moringa oleifera Lam. atau tanaman kelor dikenal dengan berbagai khasiat medisnya. Moringa oleifera telah terbukti memiliki banyak manfaat kesehatan, termasuk efek antitumor, antiinflamasi, antioksidan, dan antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek ekstrak daun Moringa oleifera sebagai terapi adjuvan terhadap kadar faktor pertumbuhan dalam penyembuhan luka, yaitu TGF-β, pada pasien ulkus kusta. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan desain pre- and post-randomized single-blinded controlled trial. Penelitian ini membandingkan kelompok intervensi yang menerima terapi adjuvan ekstrak daun Moringa oleifera (2 gram/hari) dengan kelompok kontrol yang hanya menerima terapi standar. Penelitian ini melibatkan pasien kusta dengan ulkus di Rumah Sakit Donorejo, Jepara. Analisis fitokimia ekstrak Moringa oleifera menunjukkan adanya flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin. Kadar serum TGF-β diukur sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam kadar serum TGF-β sebelum dan sesudah pemberian ekstrak Moringa oleifera (p>0,05). Demikian pula, uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam kadar serum TGF-β antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol (p>0,05). Aplikasi secara topikal ekstrak Moringa oleifera disarankan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi manfaatnya dalam penyembuhan luka. Moringa oleifera Lam., known for its various medicinal properties. Moringa oleifera has been shown to have multiple health benefits, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. This study aims to analyze the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract as an adjuvant therapy on TGF-β levels in leprosy ulcer patients. This experimental study employed a pre- and post-randomized single-blinded controlled trial design. The study compared an intervention group, which received adjuvant therapy with Moringa oleifera leaf extract (2 grams/day), with a control group that received standard therapy only. The study included leprosy patients with ulcers at Donorejo Hospital, Jepara. Phytochemical analysis of Moringa oleifera extract indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The TGF-β serum levels were measured before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed no significant difference in TGF-β serum levels before and after administration of Moringa oleifera extract (p>0.05). Similarly, the Mann-Whitney test revealed no significant difference in TGF-β serum levels between the treatment and control groups (p>0.05). Topical application of Moringa oleifera extract is suggested to explore its potential benefits in wound healing.
Histomorfometri Hepatopankreas Ikan Nila Merah (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Dipelihara pada Berbagai Tingkat Aerasi dan Filtrasi
Authors: Djaelani Muhammad Anwar , Khairunnisa Nurul Fathia , Kasiyati Kasiyati , Sunarno Sunarno
Published: December 2024

Kualitas air yang buruk seperti oksigen terlarut, pH, salinitas, amonia, nitrit, nitrat, dan suhu air yang melebihi kisaran optimum normal dapat berdampak buruk pada proses fisiologis dan struktur organ seperti hepatopankreas pada ikan. Aerasi dan filtrasi pada pemeliharaan ikan dapat meningkatkan kualitas air, selanjutnya akan berdampak pada peningkatan fungsi hepatopankreas pada ikan nila merah (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian ini menganalisis penggunaan aerator dan filter dalam untuk menjaga kualitas air. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan faktorial terdiri dari dua faktor perlakuan yaitu aerasi dan filtrasi. Perlakuan aerasi menggunakan aerator tunggal dan ganda, filtrasi menggunakan filter dan tanpa filter. Hewan coba yang digunakan 24 ikan nila merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara aerator dan filter berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap Indeks Hepatosomatik (HSI), diameter hepatosit, diameter asinar pankreas, dan diameter pulau Langerhans. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kombinasi aerator dan filter dapat menjaga kualitas fisik dan kimia air sehingga tidak berdampak negatif terhadap struktur histologis hepatopankreas. Poor water quality such as dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and water temperature that exceeds the normal optimum range can have a negative impact on physiological processes and organ structures such as the hepatopancreas in fish. Aeration and filtration in fish farming can improve water quality, which will then have an impact on improving hepatopancreatic function in red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This research analyzes the use of aerators and internal filters to maintain water quality. This research uses a factorial design consisting of two treatment factors, namely aeration and filtration. Aeration treatment using single and double aerators, filtration using filters and without filters. The experimental animals used were 24 red tilapia fish. The results showed that the interaction between the aerator and filter had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the Hepatosomatic Index (HSI), hepatocyte diameter, pancreatic acinar diameter, and islet of Langerhans diameter. The conclusion of this research is that the combination of aerators and filters can maintain the physical and chemical quality of water so that it does not have a negative impact on the histological structure of the hepatopancreas.
What is known about Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (a literature review)
Authors: Melnychenko M. H. , Buriachkivskyi E. S. , Eliy L. B.
Published: December 2024

Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant disease, which in most cases is caused by mutation of the tumor suppressor gene STK11 and is characterized by the development of hamartomatous polyps in the digestive tract and the presence of hyperpigmented spots on the skin and mucous membranes. Late diagnosis of PJS leads to acute intestinal obstruction or bleeding.
The aim of the study is to summarize the data and current views on the early diagnosis and treatment of PJS in children and processing information on monitoring of PJS complications.
To achieve this goal, we have analyzed the sources of professional literature indexed in scientometric databases for the period 2014–2024. The analysis of the professional literature has shown that the triad is characteristic for PJS diagnosis: pigmented spots on the skin and oral mucosa, digestive tract polyposis, and heredity. The timing of symptom onset is an important aspect that requires further study of the clinical course and prognosis of the disease.
Conclusions. Phenotypic suspicion involves the formation of risk groups using extraintestinal signs – pigmentation of the mucous membranes and lips – an early visual symptom that makes it possible to recognize PJS, prescribing timely examination and treatment long before the onset of complications. Dynamic observation and prevention of complications in risk groups – both in the presence of a family history and in newly diagnosed children with polyps and specific pigmentation should be provided. The main method of PJS diagnosis is endoscopic, and the main treatment is surgical.
The use of a vascularized fibular flap in the treatment and surgical rehabilitation of military trauma patients
Authors: Badiul P. O. , Sliesarenko S. V. , Rudenko O. I.
Published: December 2024

Aim. The purpose of the work is to demonstrate the possibilities of using a vascularized fibular flap to replace bone defects in the treatment of acute military trauma and its consequences at the rehabilitation stage.
Materials and methods. An anatomical feature description of the vascularized fibular flap with a cutaneous component. Clinical cases of the vascularized fibular flap use to reconstruct bone and soft tissue defects after military injuries. In the presented cases, vascularized fibula osteocutaneous flaps were used.
Results. Two clinical cases of reconstruction using the fibula flap are presented. The first case presents a patient with a total mandibular defect resulting from a gunshot wound. The second case presents a patient with consequences of a mine-shrapnel injury of the left forearm and an ulnar defect of about 12 cm in length and the resultant inability to perform rotational movements. Vascularized fibula osteocutaneous flaps were used for reconstruction in both cases being transferred to the recipient site, and microvascular anastomoses were performed for flap reperfusion.
Conclusions. Adding a free fibula flap to the reconstructive surgeon’s arsenal enables one-stage reconstructions of large wounds with bone defects after injuries or oncological resections without significant musculoskeletal functional loss to donor limbs.
Creating a meaningful summative assessment in a Chinese immersion context: a translanguaging perspective
Authors: Wong Chiu-Yin (Cathy)
Published: December 2024

While existing literature has addressed teachers’ translanguaging practices in diverse educational settings, its integration into assessments remains limited. Adopting a participatory research design in the form of a teacher-research collaboration, the present study examined in detail how a content and language integrated learning (CLIL) teacher integrated translanguaging into a summative assessment in a Chinese immersion setting. I also delved into the perceptions of the teacher and her students regarding the assessment. The data were triangulated and included co-design notes, in-class and post-observation field notes, as well as transcripts of one-on-one interviews with the teacher and students. The findings show that the teacher skillfully integrated translanguaging, including using planned strategies and leveraging students’ full linguistic repertoires into the summative assessment. The concept of juntos (García, Ofelia, Susana I. Johnson & Kate Seltzer. 2017. The Translanguaging classroom: Leveraging student bilingualism for learning. Philadelphia, PA: Carlson), a collaborative dynamic among teachers and students appeared to play a major role in the assessment. Integrating translanguaging into the assessment appeared to render complex topics more comprehensible and relevant to the students’ lived experiences. Additionally, it is evident that the teacher–researcher collaboration deepened the teacher’s pedagogical practices in translanguaging and garnered positive feedback from students, indicating an increase in confidence, engagement, and the strengthening of their multilingual identities. I conclude with a call for assessments integrated with translanguaging, transmodalities, and co-learning practices, aiming to transform evaluations into affirmations of students’ funds of knowledge in today’s socio-cultural-political context.
Translanguaging in the linguistic landscape: creative scripts in Yi ethnicity students’ handwritten signs
Authors: Nie Peng , Yao Xiaofang
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on the creative scripts in handwritten signs as part of the ‘linguistic landscape’ created by high school students of Yi ethnicity in Liangshan, China. It investigates the translanguaging practices of ethnic minority students and language teachers’ attitudes towards these sociolinguistic realities. It was found that Yi students adopted a wide range of translanguaging strategies such as trans-scripting, trans-modal writing, and trans-literation, but their translingual practices were mediated by the social orders inscribed in different spaces of the classroom. The more loosely managed the space, the more diverse students’ translanguaging practices would be. Language teachers tended to subscribe to the official ideology that primed standardised Chinese as the language for national unity and English as the global language. They generally held conservative attitudes towards the translanguaging practices exhibited by ethnic minority students. Examining the school’s linguistic landscape as publicly displayed language items from the theoretical lens of translanguaging, this study contributes important insights into the trans-lingual and trans-modal practices of Yi ethnic minority students in the Chinese context.
Estimation of a~New Asymmetry Based Process Capability Index 𝐶𝑐 for Gamma Distribution
Authors: Dey Sanku , Saha Mahendra
Published: December 2024

In this work, we provide five different classical estimation methods for the gamma distribution and unknown parameters, which are used to estimate the newly constructed process capability index (PCI)

C
c

C_{c}

.
Next, we use the aforementioned estimation techniques to consider five bootstrap confidence intervals: standard bootstrap (SB), percentile bootstrap (PB), student’s 𝑡 bootstrap (STB), bias-corrected percentile bootstrap (BCPB), and bias-corrected accelerated bootstrap (BCAB).
These allow us to construct confidence intervals of the PCI

C
c

C_{c}

.
Using the suggested techniques of estimate for small, moderate, and large sample sizes, Monte Carlo simulations are run to compare the performances of the bootstrap confidence intervals’ average widths and coverage probabilities.
Simulation results indicate that MLE gives the least AW for all BCIs (SB, PB, BCPB, TB, and BCAB) when compared to all other estimation approaches evaluated in this paper.
Further, simulation results demonstrate that, for almost all sample sizes and all of the examined estimation approaches, BCAB CI generates smaller AW and larger CP than their counterparts.
Finally, for illustrative purposes, three real data sets are analysed.
Werbesprache im Kultur- und Sprachkontakt: Russische Inseratwerbung in deutschsprachigem Umfeld
Authors: Földes Csaba
Published: December 2024

This exploratory study addresses an object that has not been examined so far: (mostly) Russian-language advertising newspapers as an advertising medium in Germany. The study analytically examines characteristic – especially structural – features of hybrid (Russian and German) advertisements and thereby contributes to the research of one context area of life-worldly bilingualism of Russian speakers. Overall, the examined advertising newspapers show little professionalism – for obvious reasons, especially due to their communication background. Their prototypical feature consists of a colorful combination of both languages, Russian and German, and both writing systems, Cyrillic and Latin, which constitutes their advertisement style. It is not yet clear if and how these various manifestations of hybridity are used intentionally as an advertisement strategy or – with regard to the linguistic competences and needs of the target audience – simply serve as a means to ensure understanding of country-specific circumstances. The empirical data mostly suggests the latter.
The Knock-On Effect of Financial Supervision Law in Civil Liability Law
Authors: Busch Danny
Published: December 2024

The heavy stamp that financial supervision law has come to put on the regulation of the financial sector has made the relationship between public and private law in this domain increasingly complex. The most pressing question in theory and practice in this respect is to what extent financial supervision law has a knock-on effect in civil law. This contribution discusses the effects of financial supervision law on civil liability law and distinguishes three types of knock-on effect: (i) financial supervision law itself contains rules of civil liability law; (ii) the knock-on effect of financial supervision law through national civil liability law; (iii) EU financial supervision law, whether or not, in combination with the EU effectiveness principle and the EU principle of legal certainty, imposes certain preconditions on national civil liability law.
Uncertain Causation, Loss of a Chance and Proportional Liability in Medical Malpractice Cases
Authors: Ludwichowska-Redo Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

Proving the causal connection between a medical error and the personal injury suffered by a patient might turn out to be very difficult, if not impossible. If the claimant manages to substantiate that connection by reaching the required degree of probability, they will be fully compensated, and if not, they will not be indemnified at all, even though fault has been established on the part of the medical professional. This ‘all-or-nothing’ approach means that slight differences in the degree of probability (values slightly lower versus values slightly higher than the required threshold) result in fundamental differences in the amount of damages. In order to prevent this unjust outcome and to provide at least partial compensation to those who are unable to demonstrate the existence of a causal link, several legal systems resort to the concept of loss of a chance, which redefines the object of legal protection and regards as recoverable loss the lost or diminished chance of avoiding traditionally understood damage (personal injury). Another proposed alternative to the ‘all-or-nothing’ approach is proportional liability based on potential causation. The present contribution examines the advantages and disadvantages of both concepts and discusses the possibility of their application under Polish law.