bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chasing pedagogy: Searching for a new school portrait, or can this be a school if it doesn’t look like one?
Authors: Fursman Joanna
Published: May 2020

Possible School was a research project undertaken with students studying art in a UK secondary school. Used as a research tool, student-initiated practice explored what an image of school might be and how, through those images, school might be constituted differently. In this project, the pre-existent, fixed meaning of the school portrait extends the concept of imaging beyond the production of compliant students who will conform to the normalized reproduction of themselves as school subjects. The image of school and reflection on what it means to be a student become purposeful and powerful modes of exploration, where – through art practice – school might critically show itself to itself.
The unknown city: Visual arts-based educational research on the living city experiences of university students
Authors: Genet-Verney Rafaèle , Marín-Viadel Ricardo , Fernández-Morillas Antonio
Published: May 2020

Through an Arts-Based Educational Research (ABER) methodology, we explore the urban perceptions of fourth-year university students from the School of Education at the University of Granada (Spain). ABER methodologies provide a subtle, representative and sensitive approach to the urban experience. In this study, we surveyed 130 students, asking them to draw and cut out a city map of Granada. This was done in order to reveal the known boundaries of the city and to identify the parts yet to be discovered by the students. With these answers as collected data, an ABER analysis was carried out through the production of visual media. Assessing findings quantitatively and visually allowed for the further investigation of students’ knowledge of the city. This inquiry questions the role of the graphic map in research and the boundaries between its technical and artistic values. These findings validate the use of ABER instruments to investigate the city and enhance understanding of the way students live the urban life.
Introspective cosmopolitanism: The family in the Greek Weird Wave
Authors: Eleftheriotis Dimitris
Published: May 2020

This article reframes the critical discourse around the ‘Greek Weird Wave’ using an approach informed by theoretical work on cosmopolitanism. Focussing on Yorgos Lanthimos’s Dogtooth (2009) and Athena-Rachel Tsangari’s Attenberg (2010), the critical interpretation of the role of the family is radically rethought. I argue that the privileging of allegorical readings of the family in the Weird Wave films constitutes a form of critical denial of the deeply problematic and specifically Greek ways in which the family (dys)functions. I challenge the absolute and exclusive power that the Greek ‘crisis’ holds over interpretations and evaluations of Weird Wave films, which discursively displaces the problems of the family to broader sociopolitical frameworks. In reclaiming the importance of literal readings of the films, I reposition them as manifestations of a specific cosmopolitan disposition, that of introspection, a process of self-examination that overcomes denial. In turn, the critical reframing of the films outlines the contours of a complex agonistics of introspective cosmopolitanism, an inward investigative disposition that is dialectically linked to cosmopolitan positioning. Jean François Lyotard’s 1989 theorization of the oikos (home/house) provides a conceptual model for understanding the family (oikogeneia), which, in its Greek specificities, is central to the films under discussion.
Critical Times in Greece: Anthropological Engagements with the Crisis, Dimitris Dalakoglou and Georgios Agelopoulos (eds) (2018)
Authors: Kyriakopoulos Leandros
Published: May 2020

Review of: Critical Times in Greece: Anthropological Engagements with the Crisis, Dimitris Dalakoglou and Georgios Agelopoulos (eds) (2018)

London and New York: Routledge, 279 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13823-777-3, h/bk, £88.00,

ISBN 978-1-31529-903-7, eBook, £20.00
Exile, the weight of history, art and transcendence: Jannis Kounellis and Takis
Authors: Durden Mark
Published: May 2020

Review of: Exile, the weight of history, art and transcendence: Jannis Kounellis and Takis

Jannis Kounellis: Fondazione Prada, Venezia, 11 May–24 November 2019

Takis: Sculptor of Magnetism, Light and Sound, Tate Modern, 3 July–27 October 2019
Evolução da participação social na legislação brasileira sobre gestão de riscos ambientais
Authors: Olivato Débora , Gallo Junior Humberto
Published: May 2020

A legislação brasileira vem passando por modificações ao longo da história, assim como o Sistema Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil - SINPDEC. A Constituição Federal de 1988 é um marco da redemocratização do país e de fomento à participação social na gestão pública. Buscou-se analisar no presente estudo como a sociedade vem sendo inserida no SINPDEC, e em especial as formas de participação na fase da prevenção de riscos ambientais. Foram selecionadas para análise cinco Leis relacionadas ao referido Sistema, promulgadas nos anos de 1988, 1993, 2005, 2010 e 2012. Utilizou-se quatro categorias de análise: 1) formas de inserção da sociedade civil no sistema em instâncias deliberativas; 2) mobilização comunitária; 3) difusão da educação preventiva no ambiente escolar; e 4) capacitação de recursos humanos. Dentre as categorias estudadas, a difusão da educação preventiva no ambiente escolar alcançou grande avanço na legislação. Contudo, com as reformas políticas atuais há ameaça de retrocesso nesta área. No geral, observaram-se vários avanços e alguns recuos ao longo das últimas décadas, mas essas leis buscam acompanhar as tendências internacionais, especialmente os Marcos de Ação de Sendai e Hyogo.
Risco ambiental na produção do espaço em pequenas e médias cidades: bases epistemológicas
Authors: Rocha Altemar Amaral
Published: May 2020

A produção do espaço é um fator primordial para a compreensão da complexidade da sociedade urbana, neste sentido, a produção do espaço urbano está no front da problemática ambiental urbana do mundo contemporâneo. A expansão do modo de produção capitalista acirrou as desigualdades socioespaciais nas cidades e acelerou o processo de acumulação capitalista que, por um lado, passou a reproduzir em todos os cantos do mundo, uma condição de vida pautada na produção do capital e, por outro, a produção espacial da cidade, cada uma com uma morfologia singular.
Intervenções de defesa costeira – balanço e perspetivas futuras
Authors: Magalhães Fernando Mendes
Published: May 2020

A costa portuguesa encontra-se, em significativa extensão, afetada por sérios problemas erosivos. O presente trabalho analisa as intervenções de defesa costeira que foram efetuadas para fazer face a esses problemas, apresentando um balanço de tais intervenções, bem como perspetivas para o futuro. Nos últimos anos, registou-se uma alteração de paradigma no que se refere à tipologia das intervenções de defesa costeira, com o crescente aumento do número de intervenções de proteção “suave”, nomeadamente alimentações artificiais de praia. Estas intervenções são executadas no âmbito de vários Planos de Ação, nomeadamente o Plano de Ação Litoral XXI, que constitui a base para uma adequada gestão da orla costeira, para cuja otimização se torna necessária a monitorização do comportamento da faixa litoral e dos impactos das intervenções já realizadas e do respetivo grau de eficácia, contribuindo para um litoral mais sustentável, resiliente, seguro e ambientalmente mais equilibrado.
O abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes: considerações sobre o fenômeno
Authors: Paixão Érica Souza , Souza Neto João Clemente
Published: May 2020

A história da criança e do adolescente no Brasil é caracterizada pela violência em suas múltiplas manifestações. Entre estas, estão a negligência, a institucionalização, o abandono, a exploração no trabalho, fome, abuso e exploração sexual. Como perceber os sinais de que uma criança e/ou adolescente estão sendo vítimas de violência? Este trabalho tem dois objetivos: analisar o fenômeno da violação de direitos no que diz respeito ao abuso e à exploração sexual da criança e do adolescente, tendo em consideração o avanço das politicas publicas para o enfrentamento do abuso sexual; dar alguns subsídios para a comunidade escolar identificar o fenômeno e nele intervir para garantir a proteção da criança e do adolescente. A pesquisa de campo analisou três depoimentos de mulheres que foram vítimas de abuso sexual na infância, procurando analisar se houve alguma intervenção de âmbito social, bem como o papel da escola e da família. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, com propósito de ilustrar o fenômeno à luz da perspectiva psicológica e histórica-social.
Vulnerabilidade territorial, distribuição, operacionalidade e eficiência de hidrantes na gestão do risco de incêndios
Authors: Mota Rui , Tavares Alexandre , Palrilha Paulo , Antão Daniel
Published: May 2020

Os incêndios podem surgir de problemas estruturais, ou simplesmente de situações espontâneas, estando quase sempre relacionados com a ocupação antrópica. O ser humano foi desenvolvendo estratégias, técnicas de mitigação e resposta a estes eventos. Os hidrantes exteriores enquadram-se no processo de resposta à manifestação do risco de incêndio como um equipamento de segunda categoria, porque não se destinam ao ataque direto, mas sim ao reabastecimento dos veículos de combate a incêndios. Esta investigação verificou a operacionalidade e eficiência da rede de hidrantes, mais em concreto dos marcos de incêndios em três áreas amostra do concelho de Coimbra, relacionando a sua distribuição com a vulnerabilidade ao risco de incêndio. No final, apresentam-se propostas para melhorar a eficiência da distribuição, gestão e uso destes equipamentos.
Like a Letter, You
Authors: Barness Jessica , Giles Vince
Published: May 2020

Like a Letter, You is a collaborative investigation focused on the concept of ‘conversation as an object’. Originally recorded as part of a larger self-produced project titled hEar Pixels, this track manifests as an experimental soundbased reconfiguration of an original essay about handwritten correspondence: How might an analog essay be performed as a digital assemblage of sound? In what ways are the methods of a DJ tied to speech, literature, and dialog? The track is composed using a cut-and-paste process of ‘utterances’, which may be described as units of speech distinct from language that may be oral or written and are inevitably completed by a response[1] which inevitably forms a dialog. Further, these speech units may manifest through gestures associated with digital tools as a form of cultural production[2]. Like a Letter, You includes a reading of the essay aloud, snippets of informal spoken conversations between the authors, and musical bits generated with a touch-based audio mixing platform. In effect, Like a Letter, You embodies the concepts of writing, dialog, and gesture within the genre of sound literature, and it also speaks to the unpredictable nature of collaboration and human interaction.

[1] BAKHTIN, Mikhail (1986). Speech Genres and Other Late Essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.[2] NOLAND, Carrie (2009). Agency and Embodiment: Performing Gestures/Producing Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Um Episódio Piloto para a Nova Temporada dos Estudos de Serialidade
Authors: Ezerin Ian
Published: May 2020

Recensão crítica de Rob Allen e Thijs van den Berg, eds., Serialization in Popular Culture, New York, NY: Routledge, 2014. 210 pp. ISBN 978-0-203-76215-7.

Serialization in Popular Culture representa um dos primeiros resultados do mais recente esforço na área dos estudos sobre a serialização, que passa a dispor deste livro publicado por uma editora de renome. Se considerar a coletânea como um episódio piloto projetado para testar o potencial desta nova temporada, julgo possível admitir que, pese embora as extravagâncias de alguns contributos, o livro justifica a continuação do trabalho na área e, portanto, a ‘serialização’ dos estudos de carater transmedial e transhistórico, com ligação à tradição, mas com a ênfase nas particularidades emergentes da afirmação do meio digital.
La política de élites y la política económica. La democracia en Costa Rica y Venezuela
Authors: Peeler Pérez John
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: Empezamos revisando extensos datos económicos y sociales que definen las líneas de la crisis económica de los 80. Después reseñamos las políticas con que gobiernos sucesivos buscaron, con éxito incompleto, responder a la crisis. Intentamos demostrar que: (1) las condiciones globales lo hicieron inevitable, que ambos países sufren las crisis económicas; (2) las estructuras sociales no igualitarias hicieron peor la crisis en ambos casos; (3) las partidocracias fuertes que estabilizaron la democracia en tiempos pasados, ya en la crisis, limitaron la flexibilidad y capacidad de respuesta del sistema político; (4) las élites políticas sin embargo retuvieron un campo considerable para la toma de decisiones autónomas; (5) la élite costarricense hizo mejor que su homóloga venezolana en formar políticas efectivas dentro de los límites estructurales enfrentados.ABSTRACT: ?We begin by reviewing extensive economic and social data that define the outlines of the economic crisis of the 1980s. Then we review the policies with which successive governments sought, with imperfect success, to respond to the crisis. We seek to demonstrate that: (1) global economic conditions made it inevitable that both countries would suffer severe economic crises; (2) inegalitarian social structures made the crisis worse in both cases; (3) strong partidocracias that had stabilized democracy in earlier times now limited the flexibility and responsiveness of the political system; (4) political elites nevertheless retained considerable scope for autonomous policy-making; and (5) the Costa Rican elite did better than its Venezuelan counterpart in shaping effective policies within the structural constraints they faced.
Augusto Monterroso y la fábula en la literatura contemporánea
Authors: Kleveland Anne Karine
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: El artículo pretende mostrar cómo la fábula esópica, una de las formas literarias más antiguas que existen, ha sido convertida en literatura contemporánea por autores del siglo XX. A partir de La Oveja negra y demás fábulas de Augusto Monterroso, se analizan las características de este nuevo tipo genérico, denominado la nueva fábula. Se verá que la categoría adapta rasgos que han sido relacionados con la teoría de la posmodernidad. Del escepticismo de nuestra época surge una nueva técnica retórica, que en vez de predicar una moral o educar al lector a través de una moraleja explícita, exige que sea el propio receptor quien extraiga la conclusión, a veces resultando en una antimoraleja.ABSTRACT: The article pretends to show how one of the oldest literary genres, the Aesopic fable, has been converted into contemporary literature by the authors of the twentieth century. Based on La Oveja negra y demás fábulas of Augusto Monterroso, the characteristics of this new kind of fable, called modern literary fable or simply the new fable, are analysed. We see how this new category adapts characteristics related to postmodern literary theory. From the skepticism of our own era, a new rhetorical technique emerges, which instead of moralizing or trying to educate the reader by an explicit moral lesson, demands of readers that they reach a conclusion, sometimes even resulting in an anti-moral lesson.
Mujer y escritura en la época de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
Authors: Noguerol Jiménez Francisca
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: El artículo rastrea la existencia de escritoras coetáneas a sor Juana Inés de la Cruz que, como la monja mexicana, lucharon contra la alienación a la que eran sometidas por su condición de mujeres escritoras. A través de una serie de estrategias retóricas muy similares a las utilizadas en la «Respuesta a sor Filotea de la Cruz», las españolas María de San José, María de Zayas, la inglesa Mary Astell y la colombiana Francisca Josefa del Castillo, demostraron en distinto grado hasta qué punto el ser humano ha luchado a lo largo de su historia por conformarse como sujeto frente a un pensamiento –en este caso, la misoginia– que frustra sus intentos de expresión.ABSTRACT: This article seeks out the existence of female writers contemporary to sor Juana Inés de la Cruz who, like the Mexican nun, fought against the alienation to which they were subjected by their condition as women writers. Through a series of rethorical strategies very similar to the one’s applied in «Respuesta a sor Filotea de la Cruz», the Spanish women writers María de San José and María de Zayas, the English Mary Astell and the Colombian Francisca Josefa del Castillo demonstrated, to differing degrees, the exent to which human beings have fought throughout history to establish themselves as a subject facing a frame of mind –namely, misogyny–, that frustates their efforts of expression.
Valores, percepciones y actitudes hacia la democracia. Una visión comparada latinoamericana: 1996-2002
Authors: Zovatto Daniel
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: Los valores, las percepciones y las actitudes hacia determinados objetos políticos han sido tradicionales indicadores de la cultura política de una región o una nación. En este artículo se describen algunas de las tendencias actitudinales, o culturales, para la región latinoamericana en torno a tres niveles y para el período 1996-2002. En primer lugar, se analizan aspectos relacionados con los principios centrales del régimen político; en segundo lugar, las valoraciones sobre el desempeño del régimen político y, finalmente, sobre el apoyo de los latinoamericanos a determinadas instituciones políticas. Sin embargo, la realidad latinoamericana considerada como unidad de análisis obliga a profundizar y resaltar la especificidad de algunos países frente a determinados indicadores.ABSTRACT: Values, perceptions and attitudes towards determined political objects have been traditional indicators of political culture in a region or a nation. This article describes some of the attitudes or cultural tendencies of the Latin American region, concerning three aspects for the period 1996-2002. Firstly, aspects related to the central principles of the political regime are analysed, on the second place, the opinions about the political regime performance, and finally, the support of Latin American towards determined political institutions. Nevertheless, Latin American reality considered as a unit of analysis obliges to look deeply into the specificity of some countries regarding determined indicators.
Cuba: los entornos cambiantes de la partcipación
Authors: Dilla Alfonso Haroldo
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: La participación popular ha sido una permanente invocación del discurso político revolucionario cubano, particularmente en las instancias comunitarias. Este ensayo trata de analizar la evolución de los diseños, instituciones y realidades participativas a partir de su relación con las situaciones políticas y los modelos de reproducción económicos. Por su relevancia, se presta especial atención al sistema municipal cubano. Este fue creado en 1976 y ha experimentado diversas modificaciones, las más importantes de las cuales tuvieron lugar en 1992. Los cambios económicos y sociales que han tenido lugar en Cuba en los últimos diez años imponen a la participación nuevos retos, entre ellos la necesidad de una concepción más autónoma y pluralista del accionar popular en la esfera pública, lo que de alguna manera ya se expresa en algunos esfuerzos oficiales por adecuar los patrones de participación existentes (esencialmente una participación paternalista-clientelista) y en la emergencia de movimientos comunitarios que intentan controlar y transformar las vidas cotidianas en los vecindarios.ABSTRACT: Popular participation has been a permanent slogan in the political discourse of revolutionary Cuba, particularly at the community level. This article deals with the design and evolution of institutions and participatory realities starting with its relation with the political situation and economic models of reproduction. Special attention is given to the municipal system created in 1976 and modified severa! times from which the most important modification was the one in 1992. The social and economic changes of Cuba during the last ten years have posed new challenges to participation such as the need for a more autonomous and pluralistic conception of "popular praxis" in the public sphere. This is present in the official efforts to adequate existing participatory norms (particularly the paternalistic-clientelistic participation) and it is also present in the emergency of community or popular movements that attempt to control and to transform the dayly life in their neighborhood.
La nota roja: periodismo popular y transición a la democracia en México
Authors: Hallin Daniel C.
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza el rol ambivalente de la información de sucesos en la esfera pública mexicana, señalando los sesgos de la representación mediática del crimen, la fusión que se produce entre géneros informativos y de entretenimiento, y las diferencias entre programas dirigidos a sectores sociales segmentados según su capacidad adquisitiva. Estas transformaciones son explicadas en relación a dos cambios estructurales de la sociedad mexicana: la democratización y la liberalización económica.ABSTRACT: This article analyzes tha ambivalent role of the sections of accidents and crime reparts in the mexican public sphere, underlying the bias of crime media representation, the joining between informative section and entertainment, and the differences among programs directed to segmented social sectors according to their purchaising power. These transformations are explained in the relation to two structural changes of mexican society: the democratization and the economic liberalization.
Integración y Desarrollo Económico en América Central: El Renacer de un Viejo Debate
Authors: Briñezo Ruiz José
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: En este ensayo se evalúa el papel que la integración regional ha desempeñado en los programas de desarrollo económico de los países de América Central en los últimos cincuenta años. Esto supone realizar una revisión del proyecto de desarrollo económico elaborado por Raúl Prebisch y la Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL), cuyo núcleo lo constituía la industrialización con sustitución de importaciones. En el ensayo se examina en que medida las ideas cepalinas fueron parte de las políticas de integración que se implementaron en Centroamérica, cómo evolucionó este proceso y cuáles fueron las causas de su colapso. De igual manera, en el trabajo se analiza la nueva etapa aperturista de la integración en el istmo y sus limitaciones para contribuir a la transformación productiva de la región. El ensayo concluye con una serie de reflexiones que plantean un retorno a las viejas ideas cepalinas que conciben a la integración como parte de una estrategia económica cuyas metas fundamentales son lograr una difusión del progreso técnico y un incremento en el bienestar colectivo.ABSTRACT: This paper examines the role of regional integration in the promotion of economic development of Central American countries in the last fifty years. This implies a review of the ideas about development presented by Raul Prebisch and the Economic Commission for Latir] America (ECLAC), the cornerstone of which were the promotion of regional industrialisation. This essay evaluares the extent to which ECLAC's ideas about integration were actually implemented in the Central American Common Market. The evolution of this integration scheme and the reason of its collapse are also explained in tisis papen. Similarly, the new period of regional integration in Central America and its limitations are analysed. The conclusion is the need for a return to some of the old ECLAC's proposals that conceived integration as parí of a strategy leading to promote the diffusion of technical progress and the improvement of the collective welfare.
Rescate de la deuda bancaria en México
Authors: Becerra Ricardo
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza la crisis bancaria que enfrenta México y que tiene su origen en 1991, fecha a partir de la cual se inicia la privatización de la banca. Dentro de las razones que generaron esta crisis se encuentran, entre otras: que el valor de compra fue superior al valor real de los bancos, hubo una excesiva confianza de banqueros y gobierno en el crecimiento económico, no se implementaron mecanismos de vigilancia y control adecuados y se implementaron inadecuadas estrategias de crédito. Esta crisis quizo ser superada a través del Fondo Bancario de Protección y Rescate al Ahorro (Fobaproa), institución creada con el fin de "realizar operaciones preventivas tendientes a evitar problemas financieros...". Esta institución es una bolsa de recursos aportados por los propios banqueros, que en la primera etapa de la crisis fue consumida, por lo que el gobierno tuvo que respaldar las deudas adquiridas por éste. La ausencia de un acuerdo en torno a las bases operativas y legales del sistema bancario puede llevar a un caos financiero que afecte a la sociedad mexicana, especialmente a la clase baja.ABSTRACT: This article analyses the bank crisis that Mexico is confronting whose origins are situated in 1991, when the process of privatization of the banks started. Among others, the reasons that generated this crisis are the following: the purchase value was greater than the real value of the banks, there was an excessive confidence of the bankers and the government on the economic growth, adequate vigilance and control mechanisms were never implemented and inadequate credit strategies were executed. The attempt to overcome the crisis was done through the Fondo Bancario de Protección y Rescate al Ahorro (Fobaproa), an institution created with the aim to "carry out preventive operations tending to avoid financial problems...". This institution is a stock of resources provided by the bankers themselves, that was depleted in the first stage of the crisis, and hence the government had to back the acquired debt. The absence of an agreement around the operational and legal basis of the banking system can lead to a financial chaos affecting Mexican society, especially the working class.
¿La segunda "década perdida" del Ecuador?
Authors: Albornoz G. Vicente
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: El Ecuador fue muy afectado por la Crisis de la Deuda de 1982, pero, a diferencia de la mayoría de países de América Latina, aún no logra reponerse completamente de los problemas originados en esa época. Incluso el corto respiro de crecimiento económico que significaron los años 1992 a 1994, fue interrumpido por una cadena de hechos negativos que hicieron que desde 1995 la situación del país sólo empeore. Las perspectivas a corto plazo no son buenas y serán aún peores si no se aprueba un presupuesto equilibrado para el 2000.ABSTRACT: Ecuador was severely hit by the Foreign Debt Crisis in 1982 but, diverging with most other countries in Latin America, Ecuador has not been able to recover from the problems that started at that time. Even the short stabilization and growth period from 1992 to 1994 was brought to an end by a series of adverse events —specially the \var with Peru— and since 1995 the situation of the country has deteriorated sharphy. Short term economic perspectives are not optimistic and they could worsen if the fiscal budget for the year 2000 (due to be approved by Parliament until November 1999) is not a balanced one.
Los noventas en América Latina: ¿la década de las oportunidades o de las quimeras?
Authors: Martí I Puig Salvador
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: El presente artículo pretende esbozar una mirada crítica de lo acontecido en América Latina, a nivel político, durante los años noventa con el afán de responder porqué a finales de la década se desvaneció el entusiasmo y las espectativas con que ésta empezó. Para ello el primer epígrafe da cuenta de la reaparición del fenómeno populista y la constante inestabilidad que caracterizó a los países de la región. Posteriormente se pasa a analizar el carácter de los regímenes democráticos resultantes de los procesos de transición desde sistemas autocráticos y el impacto social de las políticas económicas de cuño liberal que aplicaron todas y cada una de las administraciones latinoamericanas. Después se debate sobre el fenómeno recurrente de la violencia en la arena política y social, y sus múltiples formas (desde los conflictos armados hasta la delincuencia común), y finalmente, se concluye con el intento de ubicar cuál es la posición y el espacio de los ciudadanos en estos regímenes que dicen basar su legitimidad en el voto popular y el consenso.ABSTRACT: This article critically overviews the main political events that have been taking place throughout the 90s with the aim to respond why is it that the enthusiasm and expectations with which the decade started vanished at the end. With that purpose, the first part of this work gives account of the re-emergence of populism and the unending instability that characterized the countries of the region. Subsequently, the character of the democratic regimes resulting from the transition processes and the social impact of the economic policies with neoliberal leanings applied by every single Latin American government, will be analyzed. Subsequent to the debate over the recurrent phenomenon of violence in the social and political arenas, in its multiple forms (from the armed conflicts to the common delinquency), the article finally concludes with an intent to locate the spaces and positions of the citizens of these regimes that say to ground their legitirnacy on popular vote and consensus.
Sobre la percepción y la decisión políticas de aplicar el asilo diplomático: Una reflexión desde experiencias latinoamericanas
Authors: Druténit Silvia
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: A lo largo de los años se cuentan por miles los latinoamericanos que recurrieron al asilo como forma de protegerse de la persecución gubernamental. El asilo es un instrumento del derecho interamericano, ratificado como tal por varios estados, para salvaguardar vidas humanas, es decir la de los perseguidos políticos bajo distintos regímenes. La regulación de este instrumento ha sido asunto recurrente de debate y de modificación. En este artículo se presentan hipótesis que problematizan los alcances de la regulación del asilo diplomático y se presentan ciertas claves a partir de condicionantes externas, especialmente en lo que se define como la percepción y la decisión políticas de los diplomáticos. Para ello se rastrean dos experiencias de los años setenta ocurridas en Argentina y Chile desde un escenario común: las embajadas mexicanas y la disposición estatal de proteger a los perseguidos políticos. .ABSTRACT: Historically, thousands of Latin Americans have sought political asylum to shield theniselves from government's persecution. Many States in the region have ratilied it as a legitimate instrument of Interanserican Law, useful to protect the lives of people being persecuted by their governments due to their political stance. The regulation of this instrument has experienced various modifications, and has been the subject of a recurrent debate. This papen puts forward alternative hypotheses to explain the scope of the regulation of political asylum, and introduces certain codes to understand it based on externa' conditions, in particular, concerning foreign diplornat's perceptions and political decisions. To do so, we examine two cases that took place in the 1970s in rgentina and Chile from a common perspectiva: that of Mexican embassies and the States willingness to protect people subject to political persecution.
Colombia al final del siglo: entre la guerra y la paz
Authors: Vargas Velásquez Alejo
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: El autor trata de explicar la persistencia en el caso colombiano de una situación cuasi-permanente de déficit de gobernabilidad, que se entiende por la adaptación de elementos modernos en el seno de prácticas tradicionales como el caudillismo, el gamonalismo, el personalismo, el clientelismo. También identifica los diferentes problemas estructurales de la sociedad colombiana a mediados de los años 90: una estructura de exclusión, un conflicto armado interno persistente, una tendencia a modernizar sin democratizar, la impunidad y la crisis de la justicia, el narcotráfico; para adelantar una nueva visión de la solución al conflicto armado que conlleve la participación de la sociedad civil mientras se van dando las condiciones para profundizar las reformas para ampliar la gobernabilidad.ABSTRACT: The author tries to explain the persistence in the colombian case of a quasi-permanent context of governance deficit, which is explained by the adaptation of modern elements in the functioning of traditional practices as the caudillism, "gamonalismo", personalism, clientelism. Therefore, he identifies the different structural problems of colombian society in the middle of the nineties such as the structure of exclusion, an internal armed conflict, a tendency to modernize without democratization, the impunity and the crisis of justice, the drug business, etc. Finally, Vargas sets the necessity to enlarge the negotiation to civil society in order to deep the reforms to establish governance.
Colombia: la guerra irregular en el fin de siglo
Authors: Rangel Suárez Alfredo
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: El artículo analiza las transformaciones de la guerra irregular de las guerrillas colombianas en las últimas décadas. Para ello, se estudian los cambios que han afectado a distintos factores, como los objetivos estratégicos, los medios financieros, militares, las relaciones que mantienen con los partidos políticos tradicionales en el nivel local, sus parámetros ideológicos, el origen social de sus miembros. Con esta perspectiva, se analiza el cálculo político/temporal que la guerrilla hace en la actual coyuntura y sus consecuencias para el proceso de paz.ABSTRACT: This article examines the transformations of the irregular war of the colombian guerrillas, studying the changes of several factors such as the strategic goals, the financial and army resources, the relationship among the political parties in the local level, the evolution of their ideological parameters and of the social origin of their members. With this perspectiva, the author analyses temporal and political calculation that the guerrilla makes at this point, and its consequences for the peace process.
Seguridad nacional y drogas ilícitas: ¿un vínculo real o un problema abierto? Una reflexión a partir del caso de Colombia
Authors: Tokadian Juan Gabriel
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: Tokatlian intenta establecer la relación entre la existencia del negocio ilegal de las drogas psicoactivas de varios grupos criminales poderosos ligados a ese emporio y las consecuencias que tiene para la concepción de la seguridad nacional en el caso colombiano. Así, plantea el "dilema estratégico" colombiano en una doble dimensión: un enfrentamiento total contra el narco-crimen organizado debilita nacionalmente al gobierno de turno, pero el eludir la confrontación de la narco- criminalidad organizada debilita a Colombia internacionalmente.ABSTRACT: Tokatlian tries to establish the relationship between the existance of illegal business of psicoactive drugs, of various and powerful criminal groups linked to this business and the consequences for the perception of National Security in the Colombian case. Thus, he sets the colombian "strategic dilemma" in a double dimension: an absolute confrontation with the organized narco-crime weakens to the national government, but to elude the fight against drug dealers weakens Colombia in the international sphere.
La seguridad estatal en Colombia
Authors: Calderón Omer
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN: El autor aborda el tema de la seguridad estatal en Colombia y las Políticas Públicas de Seguridad Interna del Estado. Señala y analiza los dispositivos estatales de seguridad: Las Fuerzas Armadas, la Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional, las Normas Legales de excepción al Estado de Derecho y el Paramilitarismo. Establece, siguiendo a Stepan, la existencia de rasgos de relativa autonomía militar junto a otros aspectos de subordinación y concluye que la pretendida disfuncionalidad del aparato militar no explica sus acciones encubiertas. La Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional constituye la base de argumentación legal de las políticas de seguridad de estatal. Pasa revista a los distintos dispositivos normativos de seguridad interna y señala que el paramilitarismo responde a la actuación de una estructura militar de acción ilegal del EstadoABSTRACT: The author deals with the topic o National Security and public policies of intern security of the State in Colombian case. He points out and analyses the security mechanisms of the State such as Armed Forces, National Security Doctrine, the legal roles of emergency of the State and Paramilitarism. On the other hand, the author establishes, following Stepan, the existence of features of relative militar authority along with other aspects of subordination. He concludes that the pretending dysfunction of the militar machine does not explain the hilen actions. The National Security Doctrine constitutes the base of the legal line of argument of the National Security policies. Also, the author revises the different legal devises of the intern security and points out that paramilitarism is the result of the action of a militar structure of illegal actions.
Política, ethos social e identidad en la cuba contemporánea
Authors: Sznajder Mario , Roniger Luis
Published: May 2020

La persistencia del modelo político cubano es paradójica al analizarla sobre e! transfondo de extrema penuria económica, pérdida de apoyo internacional y presiones en aumento de parte de los Estados Unidos y la oposición anticastrista fuera de Cuba. No obstante las circunstancias internacionales adversas que debió enfrentar Cuba tras la caída de la Unión Soviética -su principal fuente de apoyo económico- el gobierno revolucionario logró mantenerse en e! poder. Los autores analizan las condiciones que posibilitaron la proyección del compromiso revolucionario, las medidas económicas y los mecanismos políticos adoptados en la última década a fin de adaptarse a la cambiante situación global al tiempo que mantuvieron la estabilidad interna, pese a los serios desafíos internacionales y las presiones internas. Se sugiere que un factor clave en la persistencia del modelo deriva de su conexión con las identidades colectivas y el ethos social de la nación cubana en el período postrevolucionario. Este factor instrumental en asegurar la continuidad de! modelo cubano, ha limitado empero su proyección actual en las otras naciones latinoamericanas, a pesar de los alcances destacados en ámbitos de desarrollo humano, como son la salud y la educación.
Dinámica migratoria Argentina: inmigración y exilios
Authors: Esteban Fernando Osvaldo
Published: May 2020

A partir de una tipología de flujos migratorios se realiza un repaso de aquellos más importantes en la historia de Argentina: la masiva inmigración europea, las migraciones internas y aquellas provenientes de países limítrofes. Posteriormente describe el actual proceso de emigración de argentinos y retorno de antiguos inmigrantes. Se abordan luego las causas económicas que lo produjeron a través del estudio de la evolución de los indicadores de desempleo, pobreza y distribución del ingreso en el país durante los últimos años. Finalmente, plantea la posibilidad de aprehender este flujo emigratorio como un exilio económico.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole bearing Schiff Base Moiety
Authors: Kapadiya K. , Dubal G. , Bhola Y. , Dholaria P.
Published: May 2020

A new series of 4-((5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methoxy)-N-(benzylidene
derivatives)benzenamine (5a-k) have been synthesized and were screened for their in vitro antibacterial
activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes),
Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) and antifungal activity (Candida
albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus clavatus). Synthesized compounds were characterized by IR,
mass (MS), 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. The synthesized compounds 5b, 5c, 5g and 5i showed
potency in terms of antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms.
Ultrasound Assisted Cu(I) Catalyzed Aza-Michael Reactions in Water
Authors: S. Pise Ashok , S. Burungale Arvind , S. Devkate2 Santosh
Published: May 2020

The β-amino compounds were synthesized from α,β-unsaturated esters, nitriles and amine using water as a solvent in the presence of 10 mol % Cu(I) catalyst in high yields within 2-5 min under ultrasound irradiation at room temperature. The reaction rate was enhanced tremendously under ultrasound irradiation as compared to conventional methods with improved yields have been recorded.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Evaluation of
Certain Novel Pyrazoline Derivatives Containing Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole Moiety
Authors: Sonawane V.D. , Sonawane B.D. , Dhanavade M.J. , Sonawane K.D. , Bhosale R.B.
Published: May 2020

In present study, a novel series of substituted imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole pyrazoline derivatives (2a-e) and
(3a-e) from the reference compound imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole chalcones (1a-e) in PEG-400 by using
hydrazine hydrate and phenyl hydrazine was synthesized. Characterization of newly synthesized
compounds was done using IR and 1H NMR. Further, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole pyrazoline derivatives
were subjected to check their in vitro antioxidant activities at a concentration of 0.5 mmol/L in methanol.
Compounds 2c, 2d, 3c, 3d and 3e showed comparatively good activity than standard drug diclofenac.
The anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 2c, 2d, 2e, 3c, 3d and 3e were comparable with standard
drug. Similarly, all these compounds possess good antioxidant activity as compared to ascorbic acid
(vitamin C); compared to the value of DPPH and SOD antioxidant activity 44.18 % and 74.07 %,
respectively. These synthesized compounds exhibited a good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
activities hence might be useful in future drug designing studies.
Transition Metal Complexes of N-(4-(N-(8-Hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)acetamide ligand: Synthesis, Characterization, in silico, in vitro Antimicrobial and DNA Binding Studies
Authors: Kharwar Ruby , B. Dixit Ritu
Published: May 2020

A new, N-(4-(N-(8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)acetamide (8HQSPA) ligand and its metal chelates with transition metal salts of Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Fe(II) and Mn(II) was synthesized. The synthesized 8HQSPA ligand was characterized by mass, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and its metal chelates by studying their physico-chemical properties, elemental analysis, FT-IR, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility. Thermogravimetric analysis result evident presence of two water molecules in the coordination which gives the idea of octahedral geometry and also electronic spectra showed transitions in ligand field and charge transfer bands. in silico ADMET studies was carried out to know the biological potential of synthesized compounds as it helps in development of drug candidate with fewer side effects. Molecular docking studies was carried out on bacterial proteins (PDB ID: 5h67, 3ty7, 3t88 and 5i39) and DNA helix (PDB ID: 1BNA) to predict its inhibitory effect and role on integration of DNA helix. Results showed least binding energy score (kcal/mol), which indicate that their potential of binding is greater in receptor of proteins and binds DNA through intercalation mode, which was further assessed by in vitro experiments. Antibacterial studies were carried out in the form of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the results showed increased biological activity of free ligand on metal complexation in the following order: Cu > Fe > Zn > Ni > Co > Mn > 8HQSPA. Also interaction of complexes with CT-DNA was carried out by viscosity measurement, electronic absorption titration and gel electrophoresis, showed intercalation mode of binding.
A Review on Leukotriene Antagonistic Agents of Plant Origin
Authors: Bhardwaj Khushbo , Meshram Deepak , Kumar Soni Kapil
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, leukotriene antagonistic agents are playing an important role in the management of asthma, rhinitis and other inflammatory diseases of the lower respiratory tract. Leukotriene antagonistic agents available in the market are montelukast, pranulukast, zafirlukast, iralukast, cinalukast, zileuton, verlukst and so on. However, due to several side effects of above allopathic medicines, the bioactive compounds of plant origin are playing a very important role as secondary metabolites. These bioactive compounds are still being used by the human beings since time immemorial in the form of herbal preparations for the treatment of various ailments as mentioned in Ayurvedic system of medicine (ASM). Many researches have been reported related to the anti-inflammatory properties of plants in the traditional medicines, which are capable of suppressing, reducing and relieving pain as well as in reducing inflammation. Therefore, there is a need to highlights some plant species and their by-products possessing anti-inflammatory and leukotriene antagonistic properties.
Agronomic performance of blackberry cultivars in environmental protection area
Authors: Da Silva Soler Lorena , Biasi Luiz Antonio
Published: May 2020

The demand for blackberry has been increasing due to the results of studies on its nutraceutical properties. Moreover, the rusticity of its plants allows its cultivation with reduced use of pesticides, becoming feasible to grow it in areas of environmental protection (APA). As a non-traditional crop in the country and its requirement in specific climatic conditions, there is a lack of studies about management techniques and the adaptability of cultivars in different regions. Thus, it is necessary to study phenological behavior and fruit quality in potential regions. Therefore, this work aimed to verify the adaptability of blackberry cultivars in environmental protection area in Pinhais – PR (Brazil), with no use of pesticides, as well as to evaluate the quality of the fruits produced under this condition, focusing on the recommendation of the cultivars more adapted and the best destination of fruits produced. For this, the phenological and productive performance of seven blackberry cultivars: Tupy, Guarani, Cherokee, Xavante, Brazos, Choctaw, and Arapaho were observed during the cycles of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Brazos cultivar had the earliest harvest period, Guarani and Xavante cultivars were intermediate and Tupy and Cherokee cultivars were later in the region. The highest yields were obtained with the cultivars Tupy, Guarani, Xavante, Cherokee, and Brazos. The harvest period extended from November to January. Tupy cultivar produces larger fruits and is the most recommended for marketing as fresh fruit. Other cultivars are recommended for industrialization.