bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing the Scope and Mechanisms of Calcitriol Actions Using Genetically Modified Mouse Models
Authors: Miao Dengshun , Goltzman David
Published: November 2020

Genetically modified mice have provided novel insights into the mechanisms of activation and inactivation of vitamin D, and in the process have provided phenocopies of acquired human disease such as rickets and osteomalacia and inherited diseases such as pseudovitamin D deficiency rickets, hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets, and idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. Both global and tissue‐specific deletion studies leading to decreases of the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D], and/or of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), have demonstrated the primary role of calcitriol and VDR in bone, cartilage and tooth development and in the regulation of mineral metabolism and of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and FGF23, which modulate calcium and phosphate fluxes. They have also, however, extended the spectrum of actions of calcitriol and the VDR to include, among others: modulation, jointly and independently, of skin metabolism; joint regulation of adipose tissue metabolism; cardiovascular function; and immune function. Genetic studies in older mice have also shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the important role of the calcitriol/VDR pathway in diseases of aging such as osteoporosis and cancer. In the course of these studies in diverse tissues, important upstream and downstream, often tissue‐selective, pathways have been illuminated, and intracrine, as well as endocrine actions have been described. Human studies to date have focused on acquired or genetic deficiencies of the prohormone vitamin D or the (generally inactive) precursor metabolite 25‐hyrodxyvitamin D, but have yet to probe the pleiotropic aspects of deficiency of the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, in human disease. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Burden of Disease in Patients With Tumor‐Induced Osteomalacia
Authors: Jerkovich Fernando , Nuñez Selva , Mocarbel Yamile , Pignatta Analía , Elías Natalia , Cassinelli Hamilton , Díaz Adriana Graciela , Vigovich Carlos , Balonga María Celeste , Cohen Ana Carolina , Mumbach Giselle , Gonzalez Sofía , Zanchetta José Rubén , Zanchetta María Belén
Published: November 2020

Tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a chronic condition associated with muscle weakness and long‐term disability. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of patients diagnosed with TIO who had been referred to our institution between May 2018 and December 2019. Our aim was to assess health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), fatigue, pain, and muscle mass and strength in these patients. Detailed information was obtained regarding general characteristics, initial symptoms and biochemical parameters measured at diagnosis and on the first visit to our institution. Fatigue was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue (FACIT‐Fatigue) scale, pain using the Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form (BPI‐sf) scale and HRQoL by the 36‐item Short Form survey (SF‐36) questionnaire. Eight patients were included in the study: three without tumor localization, four with nonremission after surgery, and one with clinical recurrence 2 years after surgery. Fatigue experienced by patients with TIO was significantly higher compared to the general population (p ˂ .0001). The physical summary measure of the SF‐36 showed significantly lower values than those of the Argentinean population with chronic conditions (mean 20.4 versus 45.9, p < .0001). According to the BPI‐sf, patients with TIO have moderate average pain and the pain interferes severely with walking, general activities, work, and mood. Seven patients had a diagnosis of sarcopenia, four of which had severe sarcopenia. To our best knowledge, this is the first study aimed to quantify fatigue, pain, HRQoL, and muscle mass and strength in a group of patients with TIO. We hope our results contribute to a better understanding of the burden of disease and to establish a basis for future studies—with larger samples—which will make it possible to assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for these conditions. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sevelamer Use, Vitamin K Levels, Vascular Calcifications, and Vertebral Fractures in Hemodialysis Patients: Results from the VIKI Study
Authors: Fusaro Maria , Cozzolino Mario , Plebani Mario , Iervasi Giorgio , Ketteler Markus , Gallieni Maurizio , Aghi Andrea , Locatelli Francesco , Cunningham John , Salam Syazrah , Zaninotto Martina , Ravera Maura , Russo Domenico , Mereu Maria Cristina , Giannini Sandro , Brandi Maria Luisa , Ferrari Serge , Sella Stefania , Egan Colin Gerard , Bellasi Antonio , Di Lullo Luca , Tripepi Giovanni , Nickolas Thomas
Published: November 2020

Hyperphosphatemia is a risk factor for vascular calcifications (VCs), which are part of the chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD). Vitamin K-dependent proteins such as matrix Gla protein (MGP) and bone Gla proteins (BGP, or osteocalcin) can inhibit VCs and regulate bone mineralization. In this analysis of the Vitamin K Italian (VIKI) study, the relationship between vitamin K status, vertebral fractures (VFs) and VCs in 387 hemodialysis (HD) patients with (N = 163; 42.1%) or without N = 224; 57.9%) sevelamer was evaluated. Levels of vitamin K vitamers K1 and K2 or menaquinones (MK; MK4–7), total and undercarboxylated (uc) forms for both BGP and MGP were determined. Although no differences in clinical characteristics were noted, lower levels of MK4 (0.45 versus 0.6 ng/mL, p = .01) and a greater MK4 deficiency was observed in sevelamer-treated patients (13.5% versus 5.4%, p = .005). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that MK4 deficiency was associated with sevelamer use (odds ratio [OR] = 2.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–5.58, p = .011) and aortic calcification (OR = 8.04, 95% CI 1.07–60.26, p = .04). In the same logistic model, sevelamer amplified the effect of total BGP levels on the odds of VFs in patients with total BGP <150 μg/L compared with those with total BGP ≥150 μg/L (OR = 3.15, 95% CI 1.46–6.76, p = .003). In contrast, there was no such effect in those untreated (total BGP <150 μg/L versus total BGP ≥150 μg/L: OR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.66–2.23, p = .54]; p = .049 for effect modification by sevelamer). Sevelamer may interfere with MK4 levels in HD patients and interact with low BGP levels to increase bone fractures in CKD patients. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The relationship between depressive symptoms, general psychopathology, and well‐being in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Weijers Annelies , Rasing Sanne , Creemers Daan , Vermulst Ad , Schellekens Arnt F. A. , Westerhof Gerben J.
Published: November 2020

Objective

In mental health care, treatment effects are commonly monitored by symptom severity measures. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between symptom severity and well‐being in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods

Adult MDD outpatients (n = 77) were administered the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology—Self‐Report (QIDS‐SR), the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ‐45), and the Mental Health Continuum‐Short Form (MHC‐SF) before treatment and 6 months later.

Results

Symptom severity correlated moderately with well‐being at baseline and strongly at follow‐up. Reliable change index scores showed improvement on the QIDS‐SR, OQ‐45, and MHC‐SF in 65%, 59%, and 40%, respectively. A quarter of patients improved in symptom severity but not well‐being (Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology—Self‐Report [IDS‐SR]: 25%; OQ‐45: 24%).

Conclusion

Findings suggest that symptom severity and subjective well‐being are related, but distinct concepts. Several reasons for the stronger improvements in symptoms than in well‐being are discussed.
Development and psychometric properties of the ADHD‐SCL‐90‐R screening scale for adult ADHD
Authors: Abbass Karen , Corbisiero Salvatore , Stieglitz Rolf‐Dieter
Published: November 2020

Objective

Adult attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent disorder with serious impairments, but it often remains undetected. The aim of the study was to develop an ADHD screening scale from the Symptom Check‐List‐90‐R (SCL‐90‐R) and describe its psychometric properties. The item selection was based on the ADHD‐specific Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS‐S:L).

Method

In total, 412 subjects of an ADHD Special Consultations Unit were investigated, who completed the SCL‐90‐R, CAARS‐S:L, and ADHD Self‐Rating Behavior Questionnaire.

Results

The ADHD‐SCL‐90‐R Screening Scale consisted of 16 items with a four‐factor structure, including Inattention/Memory Problems, Hyperactivity/Restlessness, Impulsivity/Emotional Lability, and Problems with Self‐Concept. It showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbachs α = .90) and good convergent validity (r = .57–.59). Sensitivity was 78%, specificity was 56%, and the discriminatory power was acceptable (area under the curve = 0.74).

Conclusion

The newly developed ADHD‐SCL‐90‐R Screening Scale showed good psychometric properties, and it has a versatile application in clinical practice.
Days Needed for the Disappearance of a Cough Due to the Use of an Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Identification of Predisposing Factors Associated With Its Appearance in a Clinical Cohort of Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Fernandez‐Rando Manuel , Herrera María Dolores , Almeida‐González Carmen V. , Grilo Antonio
Published: November 2020

Our main objective was to investigate the numbers of days necessary for the disappearance of the cough caused by an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) subsequent to the discontinuation of treatment, and to identify the associated factors that contribute to the appearance of said cough and angioneurotic edema. We studied 1101 patients with hypertension treated with an ACEI for 15 years. A multivariate analysis of binary logistic regression was performed to identify predisposing cough factors. In the 1101 patients treated with ACEI, 270 were diagnosed as having a cough caused by an ACEI (24.5%). The average numbers of days until the cough disappeared was 6.06 ± 1.58 days. The significant predisposing factors of the cough were female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31‐2.39), previous diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.31‐2.61), and concomitant use of thiazides (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.11‐2.04). Statins were shown as a protective factor (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.93). In the case of angioneurotic edema, 25 patients (2.3%) were diagnosed, without significant determinants. Our analysis showed that the cough disappeared in a period of ≤10 days for 96.7% of patients diagnosed with a cough, subsequent to the discontinuation of ACEI treatment. The risk factors identified for the appearance of a cough include female sex, previous obstructive sleep apnea, and concomitant use of thiazides. The use of statins was found to be a protective factor. The incidence of angioneurotic edema in our cohort is greater than that described in the literature.
Bilateral subependymal pseudocysts as a pitfall in diagnosis of absence of the cavum septum pellucidum
Authors: Ozcan Tulin , Lazebnik Noam
Published: November 2020

Absent cavum septum pellucidum in the fetus is a common condition that may be associated with a variety of associated abnormalities. Herein, we present a case to emphasize a new pitfall in the differential diagnosis of the absence of the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP). Prenatal ultrasound views were concerning for partially absent CSP in the third trimester and subependymal pseudocysts (SEC) after a normal CSP visualization in the second trimester. The postnatal MRI demonstrated a normal corpus callosum, normal gyration, normal opthalmic nerves, and isolated SEC blocking the views of cavum septum pellucidum.
A review of the LGBTQ+ work–family interface: What do we know and where do we go from here?
Authors: Murphy Lauren D. , Thomas Candice L. , Cobb Haley R. , Hartman Alexius E.
Published: November 2020

Work–family research has blossomed over the past several decades but mostly remains focused on traditional couples and heteronormative individuals. However, research suggests that LGBTQ+ employees face unique challenges, such as discrimination and stigma, that impact their work–family interface in ways that current work–family research may not be fully capturing. We propose a review and synthesis that summarize current LGBTQ+ and work–family literature with four primary goals: (1) identify predictors and outcomes of the work–family interface for LGBTQ+ employees, (2) integrate empirical findings and current theory into a recently developed framework to delineate our understanding of LGBTQ+ work–family experiences, (3) provide direction for future research, and (4) provide recommendations on translating the current findings into practice. Our results identify k = 74 studies that cover the work–family interface and LGBTQ+ individuals. This comprehensive and integrated review will help inform researchers on how to best address unique research questions for LGBTQ+ employees and provide employers with empirical evidence as they develop inclusive policies, cultures, and workforces.
Spatiotemporal characteristics of interday temperature fluctuations across the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Wang Yunqiang , Wang Lei , Sun Hui , Du Haibo , Wu Zhengfang , He Hongshi , Zhou Weijian
Published: November 2020

Interday temperature fluctuations (ITFs) have a series of direct and visible impacts on human productivity, daily life, and some rapidly occurring processes in the Earth's critical zones. The Loess Plateau of China (LPC) is characterized by Chinese continental monsoon climate and fragile ecological environment, and thus, is sensitive to ITFs. To evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of the ITF frequency and level, and the related large‐scale circulation background, we collected daily temperature data from 53 meteorological stations in the LPC for 1961–2015, and calculated the number of days per year in which the average ITF was greater than 1°C (ITFD) and the corresponding variance of the ITF (ITFL). The annual average ITFs were mostly warming; the first half of the year experienced mainly warming, while the second half underwent cooling. The level and frequency of the interday maximum temperature fluctuation contributed greatly to increases in the interday mean temperature fluctuation level and frequency. The spatial distributions of ITFD and ITFL were related to their latitude and longitude. Stations with positive ITFD indicator trends were mostly concentrated in the southwestern LPC, while stations with negative ITFL indicator trends mainly occurred in the northwestern LPC. At an 850 hPa geopotential height, the stronger ITFs in spring more strongly correlated with the Mongolian high and Aleutian low. While at a 500 hPa geopotential height, the ITF were more strongly correlated with the Mongolian high. These results suggest that ITFs are more complex than previously reported and may need to be considered in future climate change assessments.
The spatiotemporal variations of winter severity over North America
Authors: Liu Chang , Feng Song , Huang Wei
Published: November 2020

Winter severity affects many aspects of life, including traffic, public health, and the behaviour of animals and plants. The newly developed accumulated winter season severity index (AWSSI) is used in this study to examine the changes of winter severity across North America (NA) during recent decades. The results indicated that the winter severity experienced a notable interdecadal transition in 1965, characterized by increasing AWSSI before 1965, and decreasing AWSSI after 1965. This study also investigates the relationship between the winter severity and the atmospheric circulations over NA. The variations of winter severity are mainly controlled by temperature, while the large‐scale forcings (i.e., ENSO, PDO, and NAO) also play an important role. In particular, PDO is mainly associated with the opposite variation of winter severity between the Southeastern United States and Northwestern NA, while the NAO leads to the opposite variation of winter severity between the Eastern United States and Eastern Canada. Under the influence of ENSO, the variations of winter severity over Southern and Interior Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and the Northern Great Plains are opposed to that over the Southern United States and Northern Canada.
Low frequency global‐scale modes and its influence on rainfall extremes over India: Nonstationary and uncertainty analysis
Authors: Jha Srinidhi , Das Jew , Goyal Manish Kumar
Published: November 2020

The variability in the extreme rainfall events is of growing concern in the context of climate change. Several high rainfall events have occurred in India in recent years and simulations from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change suggest a rise in extremes. The low‐frequency global‐scale modes/oscillations are widely considered as the significant drivers of inter‐annual variability of the Indian rainfall pattern and extreme rainfall events. To account for climate external forcings, we assessed the influence of El Nino Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on extreme precipitation over 24 major river basins of India using the nonstationary extreme value analysis. Moreover, the uncertainty in the parameters of the fitted nonstationary extreme value distribution is assessed using Bayesian inference. It was found that extreme precipitation events in the country are dominated by these oscillations, especially in central India. Moreover, the return levels of high rainfall were found to be intensifying with increasing return period. We also observed that uncertainty in return levels was significant in almost every river basin. The results presented here contribute to a better understanding of the large‐scale climate variability and its impact on high rainfall pattern, which would provide an essential understanding of the rainfall‐induced hazard prevention and enhance the risk management strategy.
Wintertime sea surface temperature front around the Kuroshio Extension and its impact on North Pacific blocking
Authors: Che Zhihui , Yao Yao , Zhong Linhao
Published: November 2020

The influence of the wintertime sea surface temperature (SST) fronts around the Kuroshio Extension (KE) on North Pacific blocking is analysed using observational and reanalysis data. The dipole pattern of sea surface height anomalies in the KE induces opposite changes in the Kuroshio and Oyashio Extension SST front (KOEF) and the KE SST front. Composite analysis shows that the KOEF may affect the frequency, duration, location, intensity and movement of wintertime North Pacific blocking. A strong (weak) KOEF tends to inhibit (promote) the genesis of atmospheric blocking, which might be due to intensified (weakening) background mid‐latitude zonal wind. In weak‐KOEF years, blocking tends to have a long life cycle, quasi‐stationary state and intensified amplitude. However, when the KOEF is strong, the blocking high tends to move continuously westward with a weakened amplitude. A strong KOEF is conducive to a strengthened anomalous turbulent heat flux release over the front region, localized anchoring of the cut‐off low, and the forcing of a change in the intensity and movement of the blocking dipole. Also investigated are the contributions to cold spells over North America attributable to the North Pacific blockings link with the KOEF.
Multicenter Prospective Evaluation of Parenteral Nutrition Preparation Time and Resource Utilization: 3‐Chamber Bags Compared With Hospital Pharmacy–Compounded Bags
Authors: Cogle Sarah V. , Martindale Robert G. , Ramos Mafalda , Roberti Gregory J. , Roberts Pamela R. , Taylor Kaci , Sacks Gordon S.
Published: November 2020

Background

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a complex and costly therapy that places significant demands on healthcare resources. Commercially manufactured 3‐chamber bags (3CBs) offer potential time and cost advantages compared with hospital pharmacy–compounded bags (HCBs); however, no data are yet available from studies comparing these delivery systems in US hospitals. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the PN preparation time and resource utilization required for 3CBs compared with HCBs in US hospitals.

Methods

A prospective, multicenter, time and motion study was performed to evaluate the time from transcription to completion of PN preparation and costs for 3CBs compared with HCBs. The cost per bag included labor, PN products, medical consumables, and equipment.

Results

One hundred thirty‐six PN prescriptions were prepared during the study (66 prescriptions for 3CBs and 70 prescriptions for HCBs). The mean ± standard deviation total time required for transcription, review, validation, and preparation of PN was 5.5 ± 1.3 minutes for 3CBs vs 14.3 ± 6.2 minutes for HCBs (P < .001). The mean total cost per PN bag was $81.60 for 3CBs and $131.17 for HCBs (mean difference, −$49.57).

Conclusion

Commercial 3CBs reduced staff time by 62% and direct costs by 37% compared with HCBs. The results demonstrate that 3CBs offer potential cost‐savings for hospitalized patients who require PN in US hospitals.
Assessing the Effect of Nutrition Therapy on Rehospitalization Rate in Malnourished Pediatric Patients With Chronic Diseases
Authors: Lezo Antonella , Povero Massimiliano , Pradelli Lorenzo , Nigro Emanuela , Plazzotta Claudio , Lagazio Corrado
Published: November 2020

Background

Malnutrition is common among hospitalized children with chronic diseases and increases hospital care needs. The aim of this study is to estimate the clinical consequences of nutrition therapy (NT) after discharge.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of all pediatric inpatients with diagnosis of malnutrition hospitalized at our center from January 2017 to February 2018 was conducted. Malnutrition was assessed according to body mass index (BMI) z‐score, routinely recorded in patient's files. The treatment group consists of all patients referred to nutrition assessment and treated by the clinical nutrition team; all the other patients not receiving NT are selected as the control group. The effect of NT on rehospitalization rates, length of stay (LOS), and emergency room (ER) visits was estimated for the total cohort and in a propensity score (PS) matched sample.

Results

277 malnourished pediatric inpatients were enrolled and analyzed. NT was prescribed in 111 patients (40%). Rehospitalization rate was lower in the treated group (rate ratio [RR] = 0.797; 95% CI, 0.630–1.009); particularly, nonelective hospital admissions are considerably lower (RR = 0.556; 95% CI, 0.325–0.952). The strength of this association increased in the PS‐matched sample. There is no clear evidence of NT's effect on ER visits (RR = 0.892; 95% CI, 0.580–1.373) or LOS per episode (Δ = 1.46 days; 95% CI, –3.39 to 6.31).

Conclusions

Detecting and treating malnutrition seems to promptly improve the patients’ clinical course after discharge, reducing the number of subsequent hospitalizations, particularly nonelective ones, probably caused by unresolved, ongoing malnutrition.
An empirical comparison of three methods for multiple cutoff diagnostic test meta‐analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) depression screening tool using published data vs individual level data
Authors: Benedetti Andrea , Levis Brooke , Rücker Gerta , Jones Hayley E. , Schumacher Martin , Ioannidis John P. A. , Thombs Brett ,   the DEPRESsion Screening Data (DEPRESSD) Collaboration
Published: November 2020

Selective cutoff reporting in primary diagnostic accuracy studies with continuous or ordinal data may result in biased estimates when meta‐analyzing studies. Collecting individual participant data (IPD) and estimating accuracy across all relevant cutoffs for all studies can overcome such bias but is labour intensive. We meta‐analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) depression screening tool. We compared results for two statistical methods proposed by Steinhauser and by Jones to account for missing cutoffs, with results from a series of bivariate random effects models (BRM) estimated separately at each cutoff. We applied the methods to a dataset that contained information only on cutoffs that were reported in the primary publications and to the full IPD dataset that contained information for all cutoffs for every study. For each method, we estimated pooled sensitivity and specificity and associated 95% confidence intervals for each cutoff and area under the curve (AUC). The full IPD dataset comprised data from 45 studies, 15 020 subjects, and 1972 cases of major depression and included information on every possible cutoff. When using data available in publications, using statistical approaches outperformed the BRM applied to the same data. AUC was similar for all approaches when using the full IPD dataset, though pooled estimates were slightly different. Overall, using statistical methods to fill in missing cutoff data recovered the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve from the full IPD dataset well when using only the published subset. All methods performed similarly when applied to the full IPD dataset.
Risk factors of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage in adults
Authors: Inuzuka Yoshiaki , Mizutari Kunio , Kamide Daisuke , Sato Michiya , Shiotani Akihiro
Published: November 2020

Objective

Tonsillectomy is an essential surgery and is conducted on both children and adults. However, the risk factors of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage for adult patients remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage in adult patients.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 325 adult patients who underwent a tonsillectomy between 2014 and 2018 in our facilities.

Results

The average age of this study's population was 31.7 ± 10.5 years (range: 19‐70 years), and 250 (76.9%) patients were male. Overall, post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage occurred in 71 (21.8%) patients and 5 (1.5%) patients required a second surgery for hemostasis. Post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage often occurred on postoperative day zero or six. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, current smoking status (odds ratio 3.491; 95% confidence interval 1.813‐6.723), male sex (odds ratio 3.924; 95% confidence interval 1.548‐9.944), and perioperative non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug administration (odds ratio 7.930; 95% confidence interval 1.004‐62.64) were revealed as overall post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage risk factors. To analyze the hemorrhage period after tonsillectomy, we categorized the post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage patients into the primary (bleeding within postoperative day one) and secondary hemorrhage (bleeding on or after postoperative day two) groups. The current smoking status and older age were risk factors for primary hemorrhage and the current smoking status and sex (male) were risk factors for secondary hemorrhage.

Conclusions

In this study, smoking status, sex, and perioperative non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug administration were the clinical risk factors for adult post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage. Thus, smoking cessation is, at least, mandatory for patients who receive tonsillectomy to avoid post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage.

Level of Evidence

4
Can zooplankton on the North American Great Plains “keep up” with climate‐driven salinity change?
Authors: Elmarsafy Mariam , Tasky Kayla L. , Gray Derek K.
Published: November 2020

The Great Plains of North America are projected to become more arid over the next century. Paleolimnological studies show that lake salinity levels in this region are tightly linked with climate, and that lakes will become more saline as the climate becomes drier. One group of organisms that might be affected by increased salinity levels are the zooplankton. Although recent studies suggest that zooplankton can evolve to tolerate small increases in salinity over short time periods, few studies have examined how they respond when experiencing large increases over longer time frames. For this study, we used resurrection ecology to examine how a common zooplankter,Ceriodaphnia dubia, has responded to long‐term salinity change in Moon Lake, North Dakota over the last 150 yrs. We ran experiments to determine the salinity levels that inducedC. dubiaeggs to hatch and we ran toxicity experiments to determine the salinity tolerance of adults. These experiments showed thatC. dubiaeggs hatched in saltier water during periods of drought and in fresher water during wet periods. Similarly, our toxicity experiments showed that EC50 values forC. dubiawere higher during episodes of drought. The presence ofC. dubiaeggs throughout the sediment core during the last 150 yrs combined with their ability to adapt to changing salinity levels, suggests that they will likely be able to persist through coming droughts. Further studies will be needed to determine if other common zooplankton species in Great Plains' lakes are similarly adaptable.
Donor–Recipient Height Mismatch Is Associated With Decreased Survival in Pediatric‐to‐Adult Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kesseli Samuel J. , Samoylova Mariya L. , Yerxa John , Moore Carrie B. , Cerullo Marcelo , Gao Qimeng , Abraham Nader , Patel Yuval A. , McElroy Lisa M. , Vikraman Deepak , Barbas Andrew S.
Published: November 2020

Liver grafts from pediatric donors represent a small fraction of grafts transplanted into adult recipients, and their use in adults requires special consideration of donor size to prevent perioperative complications. In the past, graft weight or volume ratios have been adopted from the living donor liver transplant literature to guide clinicians; however, these metrics are not regularly available to surgeons accepting deceased donor organs. In this study, we evaluated all pediatric‐to‐adult liver transplants in the United Network for Organ Sharing Standard Transplant Analysis and Research database from 1987 to 2019, stratified by donor age and donor–recipient height mismatch ratio (HMR; defined as donor height/recipient height). On multivariable regression controlling for cold ischemia time, age, and transplantation era, the use of donors from ages 0 to 4 and 5 to 9 had increased risk of graft failure (hazard ratio [HR], 1.81 [P < 0.01] and HR, 1.16 [P < 0.01], respectively) compared with donors aged 15 to 17. On Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, a HMR < 0.8 was associated with inferior graft survival (mean, 11.8 versus 14.6 years; log‐rank P < 0.001) and inferior patient survival (mean, 13.5 versus 14.9 years; log‐rank P < 0.01) when compared with pairs with similar height (HMR, 0.95‐1.05; ie, donors within 5% of recipient height). This study demonstrates that both young donor age and low HMR confer additional risk in adult recipients of pediatric liver grafts.
Green supplier selection using a common weights analysis of DEA and EOQ types of order allocation
Authors: Dobos Imre , Vörösmarty Gyöngyi
Published: November 2020

This paper offers a solution to the supplier selection problem and the problem of lot‐sizing decisions. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is seldom applied to help solve multilevel supplier selection problems. The order allocation problem is reformulated as a linear programming problem in a novel way. First, a Data Envelopment Analysis/common weights model (DEA/CWA) is introduced to help define the supplier pool of capable suppliers. Selection criteria include management and green criteria. In a second phase, a nonlinear mathematical programing model is offered to determine capacity distribution among selected suppliers. A numerical example is provided to support the theoretical model.
Pollution‐adjusted productivity analysis: The use of Malmquist and Luenberger productivity measures
Authors: Abad Arnaud , Ravelojaona Paola
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to define pollution‐adjusted Malmquist and Luenberger productivity measures through generalized pollution‐adjusted production technology. This axiomatic framework is fairly weak and does not require any convexity property for the production technology. Hence, a general context to analyse and decompose pollution‐adjusted productivity change is introduced. Decomposing productivity measures allows to determine the sources of productivity variation and is of interest to define recommendations for decision makers.
Menthol from Mentha piperita Suppresses the Milk Production of Lactating Mammary Epithelial Cells In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Suzuki Norihiro , Tsugami Yusaku , Wakasa Haruka , Suzuki Takahiro , Nishimura Takanori , Kobayashi Ken
Published: November 2020

Scope

Peppermint is traditionally used as an antigalactagogue in breastfeeding women. However, the suppressive mechanism remains unclear. The authors investigate whether and how peppermint influences milk production at the cellular and molecular levels.

Methods and Results

A lactating mammary epithelial cell (MEC) culture model that produces major milk components is prepared. Peppermint oil (PMO) suppresses β‐casein production in conjunction with the induced enlargement of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). PMO also significantly inactivates STAT5 and mTOR in the lactogenic signaling pathway. Menthol treatment, which is a primary PMO component, leads to decreases in β‐casein production, enlarged CLDs, the inactivated STAT5 and mTOR. Eucalyptol and menthyl acetate, other components of peppermint, does not show suppressive effects on lactating MECs. The inactivation of STAT5 and mTOR upon menthol administration is also evident in alveolar MECs of lactating mice. Furthermore, lactating MECs expresses TRPM8 and TRPA1, which are menthol receptors known as cold receptors. Agonists of TRPM8 and TRPA1 suppresses β‐casein production and inactivation of STAT5 and mTOR in the lactating MECs.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that peppermint has potential as an antigalactagogue. Menthol is suggested to be an active compound in peppermint. TRPM8 and TRPA1 may function as receptors for menthol.
Staffing many‐server queues with autoregressive inputs
Authors: Sun Xu , Liu Yunan
Published: November 2020

Recent studies reveal significant overdispersion and autocorrelation in arrival data at service systems such as call centers and hospital emergency departments. These findings stimulate the needs for more practical non‐Poisson customer arrival models, and more importantly, new staffing formulas to account for the autocorrelative features in the arrival model. For this purpose, we study a multiserver queueing system where customer arrivals follow a doubly stochastic Poisson point process whose intensities are driven by a Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) process. The nonnegativity and autoregressive feature of the CIR process makes it a good candidate for modeling temporary dips and surges in arrivals. First, we devise an effective statistical procedure to calibrate our new arrival model to data which can be seen as a specification of the celebrated expectation–maximization algorithm. Second, we establish functional limit theorems for the CIR process, which in turn facilitate the derivation of functional limit theorems for our queueing model under suitable heavy‐traffic regimes. Third, using the corresponding heavy traffic limits, we asymptotically solve an optimal staffing problem subject to delay‐based constraints on the service levels. We find that, in order to achieve the designated service level, such an autoregressive feature in the arrival model translates into notable adjustment in the staffing formula, and such an adjustment can be fully characterized by the parameters of our new arrival model. In this respect, the staffing formulas acknowledge the presence of autoregressive structure in arrivals. Finally, we extend our analysis to queues having customer abandonment and conduct simulation experiments to provide engineering confirmations of our new staffing rules.
Migration cost optimization for service provider legacy network migration to software‐defined IPv6 network
Authors: Dawadi Babu R. , Rawat Danda B. , Joshi Shashidhar R. , Manzoni Pietro , Keitsch Martina M.
Published: November 2020

This paper studies a problem for seamless migration of legacy networks of Internet service providers to a software‐defined networking (SDN)‐based architecture along with the transition to the full adoption of the Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) connectivity. Migration of currently running legacy IPv4 networks into such new approaches requires either upgrades or replacement of existing networking devices and technologies that are actively operating. The joint migration to SDN and IPv6 network is considered to be vital in terms of migration cost optimization, skilled human resource management, and other critical factors. In this work, we first present the approaches of SDN and IPv6 migration in service providers' networks. Then, we present the common concerns of IPv6 and SDN migration with joint transition strategies so that the cost associated with joint migration is minimized to lower than that of the individual migration. For the incremental adoption of software‐defined IPv6 (SoDIP6) network with optimum migration cost, a greedy algorithm is proposed based on optimal path and the customer priority. Simulation and empirical analysis show that a unified transition planning to SoDIP6 network results in lower migration cost.
Consensus‐based and extremum seeking methods for distributed generalized nash equilibrium
Authors: Shao Guangru , Wang Rui , Wang Xue‐Fang , Liu Kun‐Zhi
Published: November 2020

This article investigates the generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) seeking for the game with equality constraints. Each player cannot directly access all the other player's actions and the gradients of all players' payoff functions are unknown. In these scenarios, an interesting question is under what distributed algorithm the GNE can be found. To address such games, we first design a two‐time‐scale distributed algorithm based on the extremum seeking method and consensus protocol. Then, by utilizing singular perturbation techniques and Lyapunov robust analysis, we show that the players' decisions can be regulated to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the GNE. Moreover, we further consider the ideal case in which the gradients are known. In this case, the proposed strategy can be degenerated to a gradient‐based algorithm and the players' decisions exponentially converge to the GNE. Finally, two examples along with simulation results are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Facile reversible hydrogenation of a poly(6‐vinyl‐2,3‐dimethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoxaline) gel‐like solid
Authors: Kaiwa Yusuke , Oka Kouki , Nishide Hiroyuki , Oyaizu Kenichi
Published: November 2020

Polymers bearing hydrogen storage units store hydrogen gas via chemical bond formation, and have inherent advantages as quasi‐solid polymeric hydrogen carriers, such as handling easiness and high safety. A recent study demonstrated that a poly(6‐vinyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoxaline) gel‐like solid was dehydrogenated over 5 h under 120°C and air, and then the material was reversibly hydrogenated under 60°C and ambient hydrogen pressure in the presence of an iridium complex catalyst. The present work aimed to improve the dehydrogenation rate via the substitution of methyl groups for hydrogen atoms on carbon atoms adjacent to the nitrogen atoms in the quinoxaline unit. The dramatic improvement was attributed to the electron donating property of methyl group, and stabilization of the dehydrogenated state. The poly(6‐vinyl‐2,3‐dimethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoxaline) gel‐like solid was rapidly dehydrogenated within 2 h under the same mild conditions. This article provides a guideline for the molecular design of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds for rapid dehydrogenation.
Effect of micro‐sized marble dust on mechanical and thermo‐mechanical properties of needle‐punched nonwoven jute fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Sharma Ankush , Choudhary Mahavir , Agarwal Pankaj , Biswas S. K. , Patnaik Amar
Published: November 2020

This work explores effectiveness of marble dust as a filler in needle‐punch nonwoven jute fiber reinforced polymer composites, prepared through vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding process. Four different particulate filled composites are fabricated by varying the filler percentage from 0 to 24 wt% at an interval of 8 wt% marble dust under the controlled environment. The mechanical characterizations such as flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength, compressive strength, and impact strength enhanced with the increase in filler wt% in the composite. The improvement rate is observed from 14% to 33% compared to the unfilled composite. However, for tensile strength is concerned with the increase in filler content in the composites, the strength shows declined in order irrespective of filler content. This study also focuses on high‐temperature applications, for that dynamic mechanical analysis is performed in a three‐point bending mode with 1 Hz frequency as a function of temperature. Similarly, in case of fracture toughness of the proposed composites, the fracture toughness increases approximately from ≈22%, 27% and 59% respectively over unfilled composite with the change in filler percentage. Simultaneously, numerical simulation for fracture toughness is also performed and compared with experimental results. The deviation is found in the range from 0% to 4% with R2 value of 0.984. Based upon the outcome of present results, this research work can be subsequently extended for the low‐grade housing applications in one end and at the same time, optimal waste utilization can also be possible to reduce the environmental waste.
Dual factor mental health model: Validation through mixture modeling and cut scores
Authors: Thayer Andrew J. , Weeks Mollie R. , Cook Clayton R.
Published: November 2020

The dual‐factor model (DFM) of mental health affords educators an expanded view of student social–emotional and behavioral functioning and may help identify students in need of school‐based mental health services who would otherwise go unnoticed with traditional screening methods. With a focus on integrating subjective well‐being into the conceptualization of mental health, the DFM may be one paradigm to aid in supporting students. However, without greater clarity regarding accurate and feasible methods of measuring student functioning and grouping behaviors into the DFM, schools may not be able to utilize this strategy within broader multi‐tiered systems of support. As such, this study explores the stability of the DFM categories over the course of one school year and compares student grouping using theoretically‐informed cut‐score analysis and empirically informed mixture modeling. Results indicate that data may be best represented by different types of DFM latent groups over the course of one school year and may have little congruence with cut‐score methods of categorization. Implications for the utility of the DFM for providing a comprehensive picture of school‐wide mental health are discussed.
New economics of transnational living
Authors: Erdal Marta Bivand , Carling Jørgen
Published: November 2020

This article unpacks what constitutes the economics of transnational living. We situate this concept among literatures on economic transnationalism, transnational livelihoods, and transnational social protection but argue that it merits a new conceptual foundation. The first part of this foundation is the definition of “transnational living” as sustained and similarly significant attachments, interactions, and presences in two or more societies separated by national borders. The other half is “the economics of” transnational living, which we understand as the economic choices and relationships that motivate, condition, or result from such a way of life. We combine the conceptual development with empirical analysis of interviews with a diverse set of people who lead transnational lives within Europe or between Europe and other parts of the world. In this material, the economics of transnational living is constituted by six overlapping spheres: livelihoods, housing, mobility, social protection, legal matters, and brokerage.
Bergamot phytosome improved visceral fat and plasma lipid profiles in overweight and obese class I subject with mild hypercholesterolemia: A randomized placebo controlled trial
Authors: Rondanelli Mariangela , Peroni Gabriella , Riva Antonella , Petrangolini Giovanna , Allegrini Pietro , Fazia Teresa , Bernardinelli Luisa , Naso Maurizio , Faliva Milena Anna , Tartara Alice , Gasparri Clara , Infantino Vittoria , Perna Simone
Published: November 2020

Bergamot has been traditionally used for the relief of diseases related to oxidative stress. Our aim was to investigate the effect of bergamot phytosome on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and on metabolic profile, in overweight and obese subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia. A total of 64 participants were randomized into two groups for 12 weeks: a supplemented group (33 individuals, BMI 27 ± 3 kg/m2 receiving 500 mg of bergamot phytosome, two daily tablets) and placebo group (31 subjects, BMI 28 ± 3 kg/m2, two daily tablets). As to the within differences, the parameters of VAT, total and LDL‐cholesterol were significantly decreased in the bergamot phytosome group, but not in the placebo group. As to between‐group differences, a statistically significant interaction between time and group, that is, the change in score over time differs between the two groups was observed 30 days after supplementation for VAT (p‐value = .005), total cholesterol (p‐value <.0002), and LDL (p = .004) in respect to placebo. The other parameters (glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fat free mass, fat mass) were not significant. In conclusion, this clinical study gives evidence that bergamot phytosome provides beneficial effects, such as decrease of VAT and modulation of metabolic alterations, after just 30 days of supplementation, resulting a very promising protection of cardiovascular health.
Human mesenchymal stromal cells do not express ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and are not permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Avanzini Maria A. , Mura Manuela , Percivalle Elena , Bastaroli Francesca , Croce Stefania , Valsecchi Chiara , Lenta Elisa , Nykjaer Giulia , Cassaniti Irene , Bagnarino Jessica , Baldanti Fausto , Zecca Marco , Comoli Patrizia , Gnecchi Massimiliano
Published: November 2020

Anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory therapies have been proposed for the treatment of COVID-19 and its most serious complications. Among others, the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is under investigation given their well-documented anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, some critical issues regarding the possibility that MSCs could be infected by the virus have been raised. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) are the main host cell factors for the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), entry, but so far it is unclear if human MSCs do or do not express these two proteins. To elucidate these important aspects, we evaluated if human MSCs from both fetal and adult tissues constitutively express ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and, most importantly, if they can be infected by SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated human MSCs derived from amnios, cord blood, cord tissue, adipose tissue, and bone marrow. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were expressed by the SARS-CoV-2-permissive human pulmonary Calu-3 cell line but not by all the MSCs tested. MSCs were then exposed to SARS-CoV-2 wild strain without evidence of cytopathic effect. Moreover, we also excluded that the MSCs could be infected without showing lytic effects since their conditioned medium after SARS-CoV-2 exposure did not contain viral particles. Our data, demonstrating that MSCs derived from different human tissues are not permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection, support the safety of MSCs as potential therapy for COVID-19.