bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edukasi Melalui Kegiatan Penyuluhan Pemanfaatan Digital Marketing Di Lapas Kelas IIB Takalar
Authors: Seppa Yusi Irensi , Maya Kasmita  , Muhammad Luthfi Siraj  , Aris Baharuddin  , Siti Syarifah Wafiqah Wardah
Published: December 2023

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berbentuk sosialisasi, edukasi, penyuluhan yang menyasar warga binaan Lapas Kelas IIB Takalar. Pengabdian pada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepada para Warga Binaan Lapas Kelas IIB Takalar mengenai pemanfaatan digital marketing. Lokasi pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Lapas Kelas IIB Takalar. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan memberikan ceramah pada sesi pertama, lalu sesi kedua yaitu diskusi dengan tanya jawab, kemudian sesi terakhir adalah evaluasi. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu meningkatkan pemahaman warga binaan Lapas Kelas IIB Takalar mengenai pemanfaatan digital marketing sehingga bisa menghasilkan output dan bisa menguasai digital marketing.

Kata Kunci: Edukasi, Penyuluhan, Pemanfaatan, Digital Marketing
Pengenalan Pembuatan Laporan Keuangan pada Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) Berbasis Digital
Authors: Eliana  , Isma Andika , Fathiah  , Intan Novia Astuti  , Farah Ivana  , Indra Kesuma  , Sisca Mediyanti
Published: December 2023

Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung perekonomian negara mereka sendiri, namun sering kali menghadapi tantangan dalam mengelola dan melaporkan keuangan mereka. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan pembuatan laporan keuangan berbasis digital kepada PMI dengan tujuan meningkatkan pemahaman mereka tentang manajemen keuangan dan memfasilitasi pelaporan yang lebih akurat. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini melibatkan penyuluhan dan pelatihan kepada PMI tentang penggunaan aplikasi berbasis digital untuk mencatat transaksi keuangan mereka. Selain itu, mereka juga diberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang pentingnya melaporkan keuangan mereka secara rutin dan akurat. Dalam proses ini, PMI diajarkan tentang konsep dasar akuntansi dan bagaimana menerapkannya dalam pencatatan keuangan pribadi mereka. Hasil dari pengabdian ini menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan PMI dalam mengelola dan melaporkan keuangan mereka. Mereka mampu mencatat transaksi dengan lebih terstruktur dan melaporkan keuangan mereka dengan lebih akurat, yang dapat mendukung perencanaan keuangan yang lebih baik dan pengambilan keputusan yang lebih bijaksana. Kegiatan pengabdian ini memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap kesejahteraan ekonomi PMI dan mendorong penggunaan teknologi digital sebagai alat yang efektif untuk meningkatkan literasi keuangan dan kemandirian finansial mereka. Selain itu, pengabdian ini dapat menjadi dasar untuk pengembangan program lebih lanjut yang mendukung PMI dalam aspek keuangan mereka.
The Impact of Training and Development Evaluation Toward Productivity: The Moderator Role Organizational Commitment
Authors: Salman Al-Shoura Lana Barakat , Saadon Mohd Saiful Izwaan , Alias Mohd Nasir
Published: December 2023

The research problem is focused the impact of training and development evaluation toward productivity in Jordanian maritime shipping companies:  moderator variable organizational commitment. The researchers analyzed the most recent theories and conceptual frameworks to develop the research questions and objectives. The current study demonstrates that organizational commitment acts as a moderator variable, a training and development evaluation in maritime shipping companies, and both factors boost productivity in these companies in Jordan. This study also discovered substantial links between training and development evaluation and productivity, which suggests that organizational commitment may be a key moderator in these correlations. This result suggests the value of training and development evaluation for raising productivity in maritime shipping companies. Data for the study were gathered through the use of a questionnaire. Respondents received the questionnaire and were given the opportunity to complete it. A total of 152 questionnaires were handed out. Following reminders and follow-up, 147 surveys were collected. SPSS and PLS-SEM were used to analyze the data, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to identify the simultaneous interactions between numerous distinct components.
HUBUNGAN PARITAS DAN HIPERTENSI PADA KEHAMILAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN ASFIKSIA NEOANTORUM DI RSUD.DR.R.SOEDJONO SELONG TAHUN 2021
Authors: Elza Febriany Kusuma  , Adib Ahmad Shammakh  , Baiq Novaria Rusmaningrum  , Ananta Fittonia Benvenuto
Published: December 2023

Asfiksia neonatorum merupakan salah satu dari penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas pada bayi baru lahir. Asfiksia neonatorum adalah keadaan bayi dimana bayi tidak dapat bernapas secara spontan dan teratur. Asfiksia di Provinsi NTB merupakan penyebab kematian neonatal kedua terbanyak setelah BBLR. Paritas dan hipertensi pada kehamilan dapat menjadi faktor risiko terhadap kejadian asfiksia neonatorum. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan paritas dan hipertensi pada kehamilan terhadap kejadian asfiksia neonatorum di RSUD. Dr.R.Soedjono Selong tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 108 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan Checklist dengan data sekunder. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji kolerasi Chi-Square. Batas nilai signifikasi adalah (P-value < 0,05). Hasil analisis bivariat berdasarkan paritas didapatkan nilai p-value 0,016 ( p-value < 0,05) dan berdasarkan hipertensi pada kehamilan nilai p-value 0,000 ( p-value < 0,05). Didapatkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara paritas dan hipertensi pada kehamilan dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum di RSUD.Dr.R. Soedjono Selong tahun 2021.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR TERHADAP PRODUKSI ASI PADA IBU MENYUSUI DI PUSKEMAS BAHAGIA TAHUN 2021
Authors: Sulthoh Mabsuthoh  , Hajar Nur Fathur Rohmah
Published: December 2023

ASI merupakan sumber asupan nutrisi bagi bayi baru lahir. ASI yang diberikan pada bayi berusia 0 bulan sampai 6 bulan disebut ASI eksklusif. Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 33 Tahun 2012 tentang Pemberian ASI Eksklusif berarti memberikan ASI kepada bayi selama enam bulan setelah lahir, tidak memberikannya dan menggantinya dengan makanan atau minuman lain (kecuali obat, vitamin, dan mineral). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh antara ekstrak daun kelor terhadap produksi ASI pada ibu menyusui di Puskesmas Bahagia pada bulan Desember 2021 – Januari 2022. Desain penelitian ini ekperimental dengan menggunakan metode pra- eksperimen (pre experimental designs) yaitu one group pretest posttest design. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Bahagia pada bulan Desember 2021 – Januari 2022. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu menyusui yang memiliki bayi usia 0 – 12 bulan yang berada di Puskesmas Bahagia, Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner pretest dan posttest, analisis yang digunakan adalah univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan uji paired t-Test. Hasil analisis bivariat terdapat pengaruh antara ekstrak daun kelor dengan produksi ASI dengan P value = 0,000 P<α 0,05 dan COR 0,996. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh antara ekstrak daun kelor dengan produksi ASI. Saran dari penelitian diharapkan dapat memanfaatkan daun kelor sebagai sumber bahan peningkat ASI karena murah, mudah didapat, dan mudah ditanam tetapi memiliki manfaat yang sangat banyak.
İmanı İçten Kemiren Bir Özellik: Riya ve Çeşitleri
Authors: SARI Büşra
Published: December 2023

İslâm’ın iki temel kaynağı olan Kur’an’da ve hadislerde “riya” ile alâkalı bilgiler yer almaktadır. Riya, Allah (c.c.) ve Rasûlü (s.a.s.) tarafından yerilmekte ve onun imânî bir özellik olmadığı vurgulanmaktadır. Riya ve süm’a kelimelerinin klasik kaynaklarda aynı manayı ifade ettiği ve genellikle bir arada kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak riya ile irtibatlı olan niyet, iman, sâlih amel, ihlas ve ihsan başlıklarıyla, riyanın iman bağlamında değerlendirileceği temel kavramlara değinildikten sonra, Türkçede en bilinen ifadesiyle “gösteriş” anlamına gelen riya ve süm’a kelimeleri tahlil edilmiştir. Klasik eserlerde rastladığımız, riyaya sebebiyet veren en temel etkenlerden olan makam ve mevki hırsı yani “câh” kavramı da değerlendirmeye tâbi tutulmuştur. Sonrasında riyanın türleri, onun imana etkisi ve riyakârların göreceği muamele incelenmiştir. Çalışmadaki amaç; Kur’an’da ve sünnette geçen ifadeler ile kadim ulemanın tespitleri çerçevesinde, riya ile irtibatlı kavramları tahlil etmek suretiyle, imkân nispetinde bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla konuyu tasnif ve değerlendirmeye tabi tutmaktır.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination of Rainbow Trout Gastrointestinal Mucosa
Authors: DEMİRCİ Beste
Published: December 2023

Aim to study: The aim of this study was to determine the morphological characteristics of the gastrointestinal mucosa of the rainbow trout.

Material and methods: This study was carried out on 10 rainbow trout's stomach and intestinal tissues using scanning electron microscope. In the study, 2.5% glutaraldehyde fixation and routine scanning electron microscopy procedures were applied.

Results: The surface architecture of the gastrointestinal tract was examined in detail. It was observed that the mucosal folds in the stomach increased in number towards the pyloric region and were arranged in a configuration that allowed food to be directed to the intestine. The columnar cells of the digestive tract mucosa and the mucosal openings that allow mucus secretion were shown in detail.

Conclusion: The gastrointestinal tract of trout, a carnivorous species, was studied in detail. The structure of the columnar cells, gastric glands and mucus openings of this system was revealed in three dimensions. The detailed anatomy of the mucosal surface, which is rapidly affected by food variation or pathological changes in fish, was revealed. This study will shed light on studies affecting the morphology of the digestive system.
On b-anti-Open Sets: A Formal Definition, Proofs, and Examples
Authors: Dey Sudeep , Paul Priyanka , Ray Gautam Chandra
Published: December 2023

The concepts of open sets, closed sets, the interior of a set, and the exterior of a set are the most basic concepts in the study of topological spaces in any setting. When we turn our attention to the concept of anti-topological spaces, we encounter analogous fundamental concepts, such as the definition of anti-open sets, anti-closed sets, anti-interior, anti-exterior, etc. These concepts have already been introduced and studied by mathematicians worldwide. In this article, we introduce and study the concepts of b-anti-open set, b-anti-closed set, anti-b-interior, and anti-b-closure in the context of anti-topological spaces and investigate some of their basic properties.
Memahami Jati Diri Bangsa: Peran Identitas Nasional dalam Membentuk Karakter Siswa di Sekolah
Authors: Damanik Theresia , Hutagalung Chindy Fransiska , Wibowo Dimas , Tinambunan Indriyani Friska , Sigalingging Dame Enjelina , Nababan Ramsul
Published: December 2023

National identity plays a crucial role in shaping students' characters within the school environment. This study aims to explore the extent of students' understanding of national identity, understand the role of teachers in integrating national identity values into education to shape students' characters, examine the influence of the understanding of national identity on students' social behavior in the school environment, and unearth the significant role of national identity in developing the nation's identity in the younger generation. The research utilizes a descriptive-qualitative approach, collecting data through observation, questionnaires, and document analysis. The average percentage of students' responses to Understanding National Identity: The Role of National Identity in Shaping Student Character at School at Santa Maria Middle School Class VIII-2 was 13.96% with a positive value and 1.04% with a negative value. So the students' responses were included in the very good category. Results indicate that the formation of students' characters in schools is highly influenced by their understanding and experiences related to national identity. National identity not only enriches historical, cultural, and local values but also serves as a foundation for cultivating patriotism, tolerance, and social responsibility. In this context, the role of educators and the school curriculum becomes pivotal in facilitating the understanding and internalization of national identity among students. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between national identity and students' characters in schools and provides a basis for improving educational policies to strengthen the positive influence of national identity in shaping a generation with strong character and personality.
Nexus Among Human Capital, Public Expenses and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Developing World
Authors: Hassan Najam Ul , Hussain Safdar , Saboor Abdul , Hanif Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Public spending and human capital are always focused on appropriate economic growth via a variety of short and long term methods. In this study, government spending, human capital, and economic growth in 31 developing countries are examined from 1986 to 2017. The long-term connections between public spending, human capital, and economic growth are examined in this study. To do this, the research estimates an empirical model that considers human capital, public investment, and the combined impact of these variables on economic growth. For the unit root, econometric procedures such as the ADF test were employed. Comparably, co-integration has been measured using the Pedroni, Johansen Fisher, and Kao tests. For long-run analysis, the FMOLS and DOLS estimators are employed.  In the empirical models, labor force, capital formation, public spending, and human capital are independent variables. Long-run results indicate that labor force, capital formation, public spending, and human capital positively affects economic growth. Significant empirical connection among economic growth, public spending, and human capital is quantified in this study. The results of this evaluation, which took place in 31 developing nations between 1986 and 2017, have a big impact on human capital accumulation and fiscal policy. Regardless of whether the model is estimated using weighted or pooled DOLS estimators or weighted or pooled FMOLS estimators, this relationship is robust from the estimation approach.
Cancer immunotherapeutics: transforming T-cells to superior cancer killers
Authors: Mishra Swati
Published: December 2023

The evolution of cancer treatment has marked a significant shift from traditional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation to more targeted T-cell-based therapies. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and gene-editing techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. Currently, adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapies, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, are giving promising results in melanoma and leukemia, respectively. Challenges occur to infiltrating solid tumors due to their dense stromal network, and abnormal vasculature has become a barrier. Hence, focusing on these strategies to modify cancer vasculature, immune suppression, and chemokines are major goals of current ACTs. The present review provides insight into the emerging cancer immune therapeutics, their advantages, and limitations. Emphasis is given to the recently discovered “superior” T-cells. These cells exhibit a unique ability to recognize multiple cancer-associated proteins effectively, making TIL therapy the future of cancer management.
Aspectos clínico epidemiológicos de la influenza AH1N1 En un hospital pediatrico de Lima en el contexto de una pandemia junio-agosto 2009
Authors: Mezarina E. Hugo , Lagos C. José , Iturrizaga R. Nélida , Juárez de la C. Sonia
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Describir las características clínico-epidemiológicas de la infección por virus Influenza AH1N1 en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital de Emergencias Pediátricas Lima – Perú, en el contexto de la reciente pandemia.

Material y métodos: En el presente estudio descriptivo, se evaluó los registros de la vigilancia epidemiológica de 98 pacientes hospitalizados, catalogados inicialmente como sospechosos de Influenza AH1N1, a quienes se les realizó hisopado nasofaríngeo para la prueba confirmatoria RT-PCR tiempo real; identificándose a 57 casos confirmados.

Resultados: El 58.16% de los pacientes sospechosos, fueron confirmados. El grupo más afectado fue el sexo masculino con un 57.89%, el promedio de edad fue de 4.05 años, más del 60% procedía de los distritos de San Juan de Lurigancho, El Agustino, La Victoria y Lima Cercado, Los Olivos y Ate. El 70,18% tuvo antecedente de contacto previo. La Tos (89.5%), la fiebre (87.7%), la rinorrea (86.0%) y la congestión faríngea (77.2%) fueron los signos más frecuentemente reportados, siendo las adenopatías, erupción dérmica, otalgia y fotofobia los menos reportados. El tiempo de enfermedad promedio fue de 3.53 días, el criterio de gravedad que se presentó con mayor frecuencia fue la dificultad respiratoria (77.19%).
Investigation of Incompressible Flow Past a Two Dimensional Wedge
Authors: Omprakash P. , Roy Arnab , Das Sudip , Prasad J.K.
Published: December 2023

Incompressible flow past two dimensional wedges of various wedge apex angles has been investigated at different Reynolds numbers and angles of incidence both numerically and experimentally. A Navier-Stokes solver based on finite volume approach using a boundary fitted curvilinear structured O-grid has been developed to obtain details of unconfined flow past arbitrary two-dimensional body geometry. Standard k-ε turbulence model with standard wall functions has been incorporated to capture the flow field at high Reynolds numbers. Experiments have been performed on a 90 degree wedge at high Reynolds number to obtain the static pressure distribution on the wedge surface at different angles of incidence. Good agreement between the experimental and computed data has been achieved.
Effect of Leading Edge Stacking on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Multistage Axial Flow Compressor
Authors: Balsaraf Nitin B. , Kishore Kumar S.
Published: December 2023

The aerodynamic performance of axial flow compressor is a function of blade geometry, flow path geometry and radial stacking method of two dimensional blade profiles at different blade heights along the span. The radial blade stacking in flow path is generally carried out using centroid of the individual blade profiles. Radial stacking of blades on leading edge reduces the secondary flow in radial direction due to axial shift of blade profiles from hub to tip as compared to stacking on centroid. Leading edge stacking reduces tip clearance vortex intensity and secondary losses which improves the aerodynamic performance. In this paper, two dimensional blade profiles are stacked at their leading edge in a transonic three stage axial flow compressor. The stacked blade along with flow path is modelled and computational fluid dynamics analysis is carried out for one passage of the blades to study the effect on aerodynamic performance. To improve the performance further axial sweep and lean is incorporated based on analysis of the flow field. The constant speed characteristics at design condition are generated using these results. The characteristics show that the efficiency and surge margin improve significantly.
An Investigation on the Stability of Dynamic Soaring Orbits
Authors: Bharath Swaminathan  , Ranjith Mohan
Published: December 2023

Dynamic soaring is a technique for extending flight times by utilising wind gradients. It was originally observed amongst birds like albatrosses and has huge potential for high-endurance UAV flights. In this paper, we investigate the stability of dynamic soaring orbits from a linear periodic system perspective and explore the feasibility of using a pole placement method for augmenting stability. Stability of dynamic soaring orbits is vital since the trajectories can get disturbed by a gust or crosswinds, causing the UAV to veer off-course. An open-loop stable orbit can reduce the control effort and power requirement. Variation of Phugoid damping values with wind shear has been studied for a qualitative appreciation of the stability of dynamic soaring orbits. For assessing the dependence of the stability of dynamic soaring orbits on wind shear, a Monte-Carlo based approach is used.
Finite Element Simulation of a Passive Damper System Using Contact Algorithm
Authors: R. Vinayaravi  , A. K. Asraff  , D. Kumaresan
Published: December 2023

Impact dampers are passive devices wherein a moving mass impacts with the primary structure. The vibrations caused due to these impacts are random in nature. During these impacts, exchange of momentum occurs resulting in dissipation of energy. Here, theoretical model of an impact damper system is modelled as MDOF system using Hertzian contact algorithm. Numerical simulation of the above problem was created using ANSYS Finite Element Analysis (FEA) package. Augmented Lagrangian method with Newmark’s time integration scheme is used for simulations. The problem being studied is highly nonlinear in nature with contacts being established during impact. Normal contact force generated due to impact of ball are used to get the transient response of the system.

Detailed study was carried out with various mass ratio at low frequency and high amplitudes of excitation. Not much studies have been carried out earlier using MDOF systems with contact algorithm. Above modelling and simulation study was helpful to visualise and accurately capture the transient movement of the impact mass within the confined space.
A Novel Approach Towards Rain Test on an Airborne Aesa
Authors: Annapurna Sogunuru  , P. Vikram  , Suma Varughese
Published: December 2023

Centre for Airborne Systems (CABS) has designed, developed and successfully qualified Active Array Antenna Unit (AAAU) - a state-of-art technology system for airborne applications and mounted on Indigenous Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW & C) aircraft. AAAU houses Active Electronically Steered Antenna (AESA) of Primary and Secondary Radar and front end electronics of the radar. These electronics positioned inside AAAU use ram air cooling. To comply with the all-weather conditions, an important test is the Rain test in which the radar effectiveness is verified. This paper presents a novel, cost effective and tailor made methodology adopted to suit the requirements for qualification of the AAAU. On successful completion of the test, AAAU is certified by Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC) authorities for flying under rainy conditions and has been accepted by the Indian Air Force.
A Review on Methods Available for Doping of High Energy Boron Particles Into Liquid Fuels
Authors: Ashish Kumar Singh  , Vaishali Chauhan  , Ashwini Sood
Published: December 2023

Metals and metalloids such as Fe, Al, Be, B, Li, Mg, Ti are used as high energy materials as they possess higher gravimetric and volumetric heating values than liquid fuels. Boron possesses the highest volumetric (136 kJ/cm3 ) heating values among most of the preferred metal particles however it is second highest in gravimetric (58 kJ/g) heating values. This review highlights different successful methods of introduction of boron/aluminum particles in liquid fuels maintaining its suspension stability by using various surfactants or functionalization by different groups of ligands. Commercially available boron powder (nominal diameter 800 nm) contains coarser and mixed-size boron particles that require long milling times or a two-step milling process before final sample preparation. Suspension stability of boron particles can be achieved by using various classes of surfactants or techniques involved in surface modification of particles. Surfactants that are commonly used are oleic acid, sorbitanoleate, tween80, etc. Sorbitan oleate is now a days gaining popularity as the best stabilizer for this type of fluid preparation. Another effective ligand (amphiphilic) that is Trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) links with fuel with its hydrophobic chain (long carbon chain) and nanoparticles with its polar head group. Recently some studies employed the capping of nanoparticles with ionic liquids (ILs) like (1-methyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazoliumdicyanamide ([MAT][DCA]),1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumdicyanamide ([BMIM][DCA]) and Dicyanamide-based Dicationic Ionic Liquid (DCIL). Capping of nanoparticles with organic chemicals is commonly done by Silane, Polymethyl acrylic acid (PMAA), Octyloxy, etc. An attempt to coat the surface of boron with an energetic polymer (Glycidylazide polymer) was also made recently by many researchers. These methods are some of the best approaches to attain longtime stability of high energy particles dopedliquid fuel. After a thorough study of literature, the available techniques already tried and tested by different research groups have been presented.
Analytical Methods for Calculating Dimensional Uncertainty In Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: M. R. Vijaya Lakshmi  , S. Ramachandra  , V. Muralidharan  , K. Vinay Kumar Reddy  , K. Govinda Rajulu
Published: December 2023

This paper depicts a project undertaken in the offices at Defence Research development Organisation (DRDO), Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE)) Bangalore. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods are used to determine the integrity and reliability of parts without impairing their future usability. They can be classified as methods used for the detection of Surface, Internal anomalies. Ultrasonic Testing is a versatile NDT method which can be used for both the above purposes and use high-frequency sound waves (above 20 KHz) to penetrate the object and conduct the examination. This method was selected for the purpose of estimating the associated dimensional uncertainties while sizing the defects. Specimens were manufactured with artificial holes of 0.5 mm diameter and varying depths in cylinders made out of work-house aerospace materials of Ti-64 (blades and disks of a compressor), Su-718 (Super alloy used for hot end parts) and S-80 (stainless steel used for gear parts) in conformance to international standards. These blocks were subjected to Contact and Immersion Ultrasonic Testing methods. Transducers (probes) of two different frequencies (5 MHz and 10 MHz) were chosen for both the methods to understand the effect of probe sensitivity on the uncertainty estimation. For each of the blocks conducted three different trials for the measured depth of defect Vs actual depth of defect and values were tabulated. Regression Analysis was chosen for obtaining the Type-A uncertainty owing to the availability of limited data and linear relationship among the variables, while Type-B was derived from standard statistical calculations specified in "Guide to Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement" (GUM) as per ISO 17025 and combination of random and systematic errors. Standard uncertainty was calculated for both Type-A and B methods. Combined uncertainty was derived which represents the contribution of ultrasonic system, calibration blocks along with measurement results. The expanded uncertainty represents the combined uncertainty with a confidence interval of k=2 (i.e. 95 % confidence level).The combined and expanded uncertainty were obtained by Type B method. It was analysed and concluded that Type-A is conservative in approach and under estimates standard uncertainty values, whereas Type-B results in higher estimates. The results show that the uncertainties are sensitive to variations associated with material attenuation property, defect diameter, probe frequency.
High Temperature Gas Effect on the Supersonic Flow With Application in Nozzles
Authors: Toufik Yahiaoui  , Toufik Zebbiche
Published: December 2023

This work is to develop a new numerical computational program to determine the effect of using the gas of propulsion at high temperature on the calculation of the thermodynamic and geometric parameters, and application in supersonic nozzle divergent. The used selected gases are the H2, O2, N2, CO, CO2, H2O, NH3, CH4 and air. All parameters depend on the stagnation temperature, supersonic Mach number and the used gas itself. The specific heat at constant pressure change with the temperature and the selected gas. The gas is still considered perfect. It is calorically imperfect and thermally perfect below the threshold of the molecules dissociation. A calculation of the error between the parameters of different gases with air is done for purposes of comparison.
Indigenization (Local Development) Of Electronic Components in Strategic Sector Towards Achieving Self-Reliance
Authors: B. S. Divya  , Shiv Pratap Singh  , Kamaljeet Singh  , A. V. Nirmal
Published: December 2023

In this current digital era, electronic products have become an indispensable part of our lives and its demand is increasing due to rapid advances in technology. At present, India‘s electronic industry has a minuscule share at the global electronic market. In present scenario, the growth of the country strongly depends on self-reliance on various electronic components especially semiconductor integrated circuits. In order to establish self-reliance, indigenization (developing locally) of electronic components is the need of the nation. Perhaps the process of indigenization tends to be highly dynamic which in turn depends greatly on various aspects apart from several policy initiatives, which are ever evolving. Also, indigenization of electronic components imposes lot of constrains due to lack of quality product ecosystem in the country. Limited market involving huge investments makes industries reluctant to venture in this arena. Sustaining indigenous vendors is the biggest challenge especially for aerospace applications. Nevertheless, the country has the potential to become a global hub for components manufacturing due to availability of cost-effective skilled manpower, fast improving infrastructure and the push through various initiatives by the policy makers, thereby evolving an "AtmaNirbhar" (self-reliant) Bharat to reality. This paper describes an overview of country’s electronic industry, opportunities towards indigenization and challenges, suggestive methodologies for mitigation of bottlenecks through hand-holding domestic industries and thereby ensuring high reliability devices for aerospace and other strategic sector applications.
Dice Selection in Hybrid Microcircuits For Aerospace Applications
Authors: B. S. Divya  , Ajay Andhiwal  , R. Lakshminarasimhan  , Kamaljeet Singh  , A. V. Nirmal
Published: December 2023

Hybrid Microcircuits which bring about miniaturization with better performance and reliability are ideally suited for application specific low volume production requirement of space missions. A large number of HMCs are used in every spacecraft. HMCs generally use passive components and interconnections in thick film form, and active devices (MOSFETs, Transistor and Diode dice) and monolithic ICs (as bare chips) bonded to a substrate. Environmental radiation threat to ICs and other active circuitry is one of the major causes of failures in HMCs. The ionizing radiation present in the Van Allen Belt penetrates the satellite resulting in the excitation of electrons in the semiconductor valence band to conduction band in the active circuit and can be trapped. Secondary photon radiation, which are generated due to slowing down of high energy particles also strike interior of the spacecraft. The total interaction of various charged particles and photons to the internal circuitry of HMC depends on mass, charge state, kinetic energy of the striking photon as well as on the mass, charge and density of the die structure internal to HMC. The MOS die is prone to failure due to total ionization dose as well as single event effects which in turn may cause HMC failure. HMCs for space applications are mostly characterized with die passivation and hermetically sealed packages for its inherent advantages. In spite of the advantages offered by hermetic sealing like reliability, radiation shielding, out gassing etc, the radiation hardened dice are preferred for realization of HMCs for space systems. A feasibility study is carried out for using MIL and Commercial grade dice in HMCs without compromising on reliability aspects. The layout design, die attachment process, testing and extensive qualification become important in HMC apart from hermetic sealing so as to avoid catastrophic failure. This article details the radiation phenomena and its effects on dice used in HMCs. The advantages of hermetically sealed packages and use of MIL/Commercial grade dice in HMCs along with various mitigation techniques to have reliable circuit meeting the desired performance in space environment are also presented.
Correlated Atmospheric Variations Using Optimization of Dft Parameters for Monte Carlo Simulations Of Indian Space Missionscorrelated Atmospheric Variations Using Optimization of Dft Parameters for Monte Carlo Simulations Of Indian Space Missions
Authors: S. Balamurugan  , V. Adimurthy  , V. Ashok
Published: December 2023

In space systems, atmospheric parameters are required for launch vehicle trajectory design and simulations, aerodynamic load characterization, Monte Carlo trajectory dispersion studies, re-entry of spent stages, safe recovery of reusable stages, etc. A need is felt to modify existing models over the Indian region to assimilate appropriate atmospheric dispersions. The correlated connectivity of the atmospheric profiles measured over various altitude regimes has to be ensured. A new methodology to generate any required number of atmospheric profiles is carried out in this paper. The dynamic processes of the lower and upper atmosphere are markedly different, leading to different mathematical models to generate the respective profiles. For the generation of lower altitude temperature profiles, Discrete Fourier Transform strategy is utilized; and for upper altitudes, Cumulative Distribution Function is used. Corresponding pressure and density profiles are generated using hypsometric equations. The variations in the atmospheric temperature profiles at different frequencies need to be captured to ascertain correct parameter bounds, particularly for density profiles. To generate any number of Monte Carlo atmospheric profiles replicating the observed variation and dispersion bounds in all frequency bands, a unique evolutionary optimization methodology is devised to ensure the required balance between convergence and diversification.
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Performance Parameters Of an Aero Gas Turbine Combustor: A Computational Study
Authors: Kumar Muduli Saroj , Mishra R. K.  , Mishra P.C.
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the computational study carried out on an aero gas turbine combustor to assess important performance parameters. The CFD results are compared with experimental data obtained from the full scale combustor tested at ground test stand simulating various operational conditions. The CFD predictions have agreed well with the experimental data. The model is then used to predict combustor exit temperature pattern factors, pressure loss, and combustion efficiency and exhaust gas constituents over a wide range of ambient temperatures at ISA sea level conditions to study their effect on performance parameters. The exhaust gas temperature is found to increase with increase in ambient temperature but the radial and circumferential pattern factors are found to be less at higher temperature and more at lower temperatures. Pressure loss is also increases at lower temperatures but combustion efficiency increases with increase in temperature. The findings of this study are valuable inputs for engine performance estimation at any regional climatic condition.
Kinetic Parameters Governing the Rapid Pyrolysis Of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Phadke Prathamesh , Kumar Sudarshan , Kumbhakarna Neeraj , Chowdhury Arindrajit , Sehrawat Rohit , Kumar Arvind
Published: December 2023

Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) has been in use in many solid propellant formulations since decades. However, data regarding the chemical reactions taking place in the condensed phase during combustion of AP and their associated kinetic parameters are sparse. This data is crucial in modelling the combustion of AP. To mimic the behaviour of AP in condensed phase during its combustion, it is necessary to isolate the condensed phase reactions and study pyrolysis of AP at heating rates similar to those observed during combustion (~105K.s-1). In the current study, an electrical fast pyrolyser coupled to a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was used to study the fast pyrolysis of AP. Activation energy (Ea) of the global pyrolysis reaction was extracted from the variation of mole fraction with time of the observed pyrolysis products. An activation energy of 48 kJ.mol-1 was obtained along with a pre-exponential factor (A) of 4039 s-1. The value of activation energy obtained in the current study is significantly different than that obtained from Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) studies. This signifies that the mechanism of decomposition during rapid pyrolysis maybe different from that occurring during slow pyrolysis.
Realization of Rf Hardware Models and Associated Aspects Employing Additive Manufacturing For Aerospace Application
Authors: Singh Kamaljeet , Acharya  Ramamoorthy , Gupta  Saurabh , Nirmala  M.V. , Nirmal  A.V.
Published: December 2023

Routing harness for interconnection is the main activity for the realization of aerospace hardware whereas multiple decks are stacked after optimization of individual deck electrical performance. Present scenario of higher throughput without compromising the quality aspects necessitate to employ alternative techniques so as to keep accessories ready before the arrival of the actual hardware. The sequential realization of aerospace hardware results in the time consumption and low throughput. This necessitates having exact replica of the dummy hardware which may eventually lead to the optimization of resources and less turnaround time by carrying out multiple activities in parallel such as harnessing, interconnections without waiting for the arrival of actual hardware. Additive manufacturing results in 1:1 scale modeling of the hardware which facilitates in the readiness of the routing and interconnection before the availability of actual hardware. In this article the hardware replica employing additive manufacturing is shown for the multiple decks realization which facilitates in the routing activities and can be carried out before the availability of the actual hardware. The process of 3D printing, hardware realization, choice of materials, advantages and key parameters are detailed in this article. Further structural analysis and feasibility of employing the technique in actual RF packages is being explored.
Various Techniques for the Reliability Improvement In Rf Systems and Its Implementation Methodology
Authors: Singh Kamaljeet , Nirmal  A.V.
Published: December 2023

The standard transmitter employed for aero-space mission at microwave frequencies need extensive optimization and takes higher turnaround time due to manual tuning and soldering of components. The discrete high power transistor for the output power having varied perform due to batch to batch parameter variations. This makes low throughput due to device limitation and needs extensive tuning approach. Further the weight of the housing and its realization is time consuming process due to standard machining and tuning requirements. In this article, we proposed variety of new approaches to achieve light weight, higher throughput while maintaining reliability without much manual intervention. This article details SMT based approach for RF circuits, CFRP based housing using 3-D printing techniques and GaN device to achieve high output power. Gold plating of the CFRP, realization of circuits on plated CFRP carrier plates, thermal characterization and usage of SMT line for RF circuits are the other areas dwelt in this article. The integration of these techniques may lead to highly reliable RF system while maintaining the stringent specifications for aerospace applications. Structural analysis of CFRP, thermal imaging of high power devices, SMT process steps are further detailed.
Effect of Contact Interaction Conditions on Impact Simulation Results of CFRP Laminate
Authors: Ramagiri Bhaskar , S. Yerramalli  Chandra
Published: December 2023

Finite element based contact impact analysis is an important tool to design composite structures for ballistic impact applications. In the current study, a user-defined material subroutine (VUMAT) that supports 3D solid elements based on Hashin damage criteria for fiber and Puck damage criteria for matrix failure is used for numerical impact analysis. Impact on carbon fiber reinforced laminate (CFRP) of 3.6 mm thickness with [0,90,0]3s stacking configuration is carried out both in Abaqus/Explicit and Ansys/Explicit. The impact simulations are carried out to check the effectiveness of different contact interaction conditions to simulate projectile impact problems. The residual velocities of the projectile from the numerical simulations are compared with experimental results from the literature [1]. The contact interaction condition that gives residual velocities close to experimentally observed residual velocities is evaluated under three initial conditions. The simulations are also carried out in Ansys/Explicit to compare the effectiveness of simulating the same impact problem.
Aerothermodynamic Analysis of Space Recovery Experiment Capsule at Mach 6
Authors: Mehta R. C.
Published: December 2023

The main focus of this paper is to compute the flowfield and assess the aerodynamic drag of Space Recovery Experiment (SRE) modules at freestream Mach 6 at zero angle of incidence. Time-dependent Compressible axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations are numerically simulated using a finite volume discretization method with a three-stage Runge-Kutta time-stepping scheme. The computed shock stand-off distance, pressure ratio across normal shock and stagnation point heat flux are showing satisfactory results with the analytical solutions.Available wind tunnel data such as Schlieren images, oil flow pictures and fore-body aerodynamic drag are compared with numerical results.Influence of various ramp angles of the SRE modules on surface pressure, flow separation, skin friction coefficient, wall heat flux and fore and base aerodynamic drag coefficients are investigated using present numerical data.
Design Methodology of Experimental Set-up for Phase Change Lighter-than-air System
Authors: Uddin Nouman , S. Pant Rajkumar
Published: December 2023

This paper focusses on design and sizing of an experimental set-up to investigate the efficacy of employing Phase-change of a fluid inside a spherical balloon, to control its buoyancy. In conventional Lighter-than-air (LTA) systems, buoyant gases such as Hydrogen and Helium are used as lifting gases, and ballonets are used to control their buoyancy. An alternative means for providing buoyant lift and controlling the buoyancy is to use phase change fluids, subjected to temperature variations. Such a system can also be used in aerial platforms for exploration of atmosphere over other planets; by controlling the buoyancy of the phase-change fluid, we can control the altitude of operation of the system. The paper starts with a survey of literature of such systems which have successfully deployed. The mission requirements of such a system are presented, and the Lift and Heat transfer calculations to model the change in static lift are explained. Finally, the design calculations of a laboratory scale experimental setup are carried out, and conceptual sketches of the system are presented.
Business Trends in the Civil Aircraft Industry
Authors: Madhuranath Ganesh , Pankaj Achuthan
Published: December 2023

This paper tracks the growth and status of leading Aircraft manufacturers from North America, Europe, South America and Asia in the twentieth and early part of the twenty first century. Since the 1960s, high costs associated with passenger aircraft development and certification necessitates international partnerships for program risk sharing and apportionment of expenses. The number of joint ventures among aircraft manufacturers rose from 10 in 1969 to 50 by 1992. The paper also describes the way forward for India to adopt global best practices for starting a civil aircraft industry.
Lift Enhancement by Trapped Vortex at Ultra-low Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Rashmi N. , Sivapragasam M.
Published: December 2023

A means of passively trapping a vortex to enhance the aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil is explored in this paper. The flow over an airfoil with a cavity on the upper surface, an NACA 0004 airfoil, and a flat plate airfoil is studied computationally in the ultra-low Reynolds number regime. At low angles of attack a vortex is seen to be trapped in the cavity. With increasing angle of attack the trapped vortex grows in size and occupies the entire cavity and the effective geometry resembles a smooth airfoil. The vortex circulation also increases and enhances the lift characteristics of the airfoil. The drag coefficient of the cavity airfoil is comparable to the NACA 0004 airfoil. The lift-to-drag ratio of the cavity airfoil is found to be higher than the smooth airfoils in the entire range of angles of attack considered in the present study. The cavity airfoil, with a trapped vortex, offers an interesting prospect for engineering nano-air vehicles.
Computational and Experimental Investigation of FX 63-137 Airfoil at Low Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Chutkey Kiran , Sudhakar S. , Siva Kumar K. , Shirbhate Vishal S.
Published: December 2023

In this study, the capability of the present day RANS based CFD solver in predicting the characteristics of the FX 63-137 airfoil at a low Reynolds number is carried out. The Reynolds number considered in the present work varies between 0.08 to 0.2 million. Computational simulations were carried out on both sharp trailing edge and blunt trailing edge FX 63-137 airfoils. The comparison between the two FX 63-137 airfoils brings out the effect of the trailing edge on the aerodynamic coefficients. Experimental tests were conducted on the FX 63-137 airfoil for these low Reynolds numbers at the MART facility of CSIR-NAL to validate the CFD simulations. Further, the present MART tunnel data is compared against the experimental data available in the literature. This comparison will show the differences in the experimental results between the tunnels and how the CFD simulations compare against them.