bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do Pay and Promotion Influence Job Satisfaction in Tertiary Institutions? Perspectives of Academic Staff in Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Iddrisu Sulemana , Mumin Alhassan Abdul
Published: February 2025

Renumeration and promotion of employees are essential elements in public and private organisational structures. However, there is very little information about how these elements can influence job satisfaction of employees in educational institutions, especially at the tertiary level in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Ghana. This study was undertaken to examine the perspectives of lecturers about how pay and promotion influence job satisfaction in tertiary institutions in Ghana. The study used descriptive design and a mixed method research approach for the data collection and analysis. Survey questionnaires and interview protocols were used for the data collection involving 270 participants selected from five tertiary institutions in the Northern Region of Ghana. A logistic regression was used to establish the relationship between academic staff pay and promotion and job satisfaction. The key findings from the study indicated that pay and promotion independently have significant positive influence on job satisfaction of academic staff in tertiary institutions in Ghana. The finding of the study also suggest that Hygiene factors are as important as Motivation factors in determining employee job satisfaction at the tertiary institutions. Policy geared towards annual review of salaries and effective promotion system of academic staff of higher educational institutions are important strategies to help generate the desired job satisfaction.
Testes de detecção do HPV: importância e aplicabilidade
Authors: Eleutério Jr. José , Eleutério Renata Mírian Nunes , Lopes Marina Helena da Silva , Silva Maria Natalice Lima da
Published: February 2025

O Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) está associado a vários tipos de câncer, como os de colo uterino, vagina, vulva, pênis, ânus, cabeça e pescoço, além de causar verrugas genitais e não genitais, como a papilomatose laríngea recorrente. A biologia molecular permitiu a detecção do DNA do HPV, com subsequente investigação das proteínas E6 e E7, sintetizadas a partir dos oncogenes virais. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) sugere a pesquisa de HPV com genotipagem para rastreamento de câncer do colo uterino devido ao alto valor preditivo negativo do teste. No entanto, por causa da alta sensibilidade, um teste de triagem é necessário para identificar casos com maior chance de doença. Além do colo uterino, a genotipagem de HPV pode orientar o tratamento do câncer anal e de orofaringe. Em urologia, a detecção de HPV pode ajudar a evitar biópsias desnecessárias.
Vacinação para homens que fazem sexo com homens
Authors: Taveira Bruna Leticia Souza , Zanine Rita Maira
Published: February 2025

O papilomavírus humano (HPV) possui mais de 200 subtipos, alguns dos quais podem causar lesões neoplásicas na região anogenital. Embora o câncer anal seja mais comum em mulheres, é particularmente elevado em homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSHs), especialmente os que têm HIV e praticam sexo anal receptivo. A vacinação contra o HPV é recomendada preferencialmente para crianças de até 9 anos e adolescentes a partir dos 12 anos, antes do início da vida sexual, podendo ser estendida até os 26 anos. Entretanto, dados sobre a vacinação de HSH acima de 26 anos são limitados. A Sociedade Brasileira de Imunizações (SBIm) recomenda a vacinação de HSHs até os 45 anos. O Programa Nacional de Imunização (PNI) contempla até essa idade apenas pacientes imunossuprimidos e vítimas de violência sexual. A vacinação populacional entre 26 e 45 anos não é considerada custo-efetiva, por causa da redução da sua eficácia depois dos 26 anos. E profissionais de saúde têm papel crucial na orientação sobre a vacinação, especialmente para HSHs, preferencialmente até 26 anos.
Esquema de vacinação para HPV em uma, duas ou três doses
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Katherine , Rygaard Maria Carolina Valença
Published: February 2025

Embora vários países tenham adotado uma estratégia de vacinação contra o papilomavírus humano (HPV) com dose única, muitos outros países continuam a incluir múltiplas doses em seus programas de vacinação. Existem razões éticas para a transição para uma estratégia de dose única. A estratégia de vacinação contra o HPV com dose única promove a equidade em duas dimensões: equidade vacinal e equidade em saúde. A adoção de uma estratégia de dose única reduz a pressão sobre o suprimento de vacinas, diminui os custos do programa e facilita a distribuição. Essa mudança facilita a aquisição e a implementação dos programas de vacinação e o alcance de pessoas ou populações de difícil acesso. Um menor número de casos de doenças relacionadas ao HPV, decorrente de uma maior distribuição de vacinas, reduz o impacto sobre as mulheres, que estão em maior risco de doenças relacionadas ao HPV ou que atuam como cuidadoras, impedindo-as de acessar oportunidades que contribuem para seu empoderamento. Portanto, a busca pela estratégia de programa de vacinação contra o HPV com dose única é eticamente desejável.
Implementação do teste de HPV no Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Teixeira Júlio Cesar
Published: February 2025

Reconhece-se que o câncer de colo de útero é uma condição passível de eliminação e que a mortalidade associada a essa doença no Brasil é incompatível com as citologias de rastreamento contabilizadas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A cobertura teórica, que varia entre 80 e 90%, não ultrapassa 30%, configurando um grande desperdício, sem que se saiba exatamente quem está deixando de ser rastreada. Diante dessa realidade, pesquisadores da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) começaram a produzir evidências para apoiar a modernização do programa no SUS. Em 2017, foi implementado um estudo de demonstração e de custo-efetividade, avaliando a transição do rastreamento citológico oportunístico para a utilização do teste de DNA-HPV em um programa organizado. O programa, que está em seu sétimo ano de atividade, ocorre no SUS da cidade de Indaiatuba (SP). Os resultados compilados após 30 meses foram impactantes e divulgados em 2021. Esses resultados deram início às discussões que culminaram no evento de 2024: a aprovação do uso do teste de HPV no programa de rastreamento nacional. O teste de HPV, por si só, não é suficiente. O sucesso alcançado depende de um sistema de registro e controle populacional eficiente, capaz de identificar e convocar mulheres que não realizaram o exame, além de evitar desperdícios.
Recomendações da ABPTGIC para o uso de vacinas HPV no Brasil
Authors: Cardial Márcia Fuzaro Terra , Gonçalves Ana Katherine
Published: February 2025

A recente decisão do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI) de adotar um esquema de dose única para vacinação contra o HPV levantou muitas questões. Em resposta, a Associação Brasileira de Patologia do Trato Genital Inferior e Colposcopia (ABPTGIC) esclarece os esquemas vacinais atuais. O PNI optou por dose única da vacina quadrivalente contra HPV (HPV4) para crianças e adolescentes de 9 a 14 anos, com estratégia de recuperação temporária para adolescentes não vacinados de 15 a 19 anos, fortemente apoiada pela ABPTGIC. Esta estratégia de vacinação contra o HPV, apoiada por evidências robustas, visa aumentar a cobertura vacinal, especialmente onde a incorporação de uma segunda dose é um desafio. Os países que utilizam o modelo de dose única registaram um aumento da cobertura da vacina contra o HPV e alargaram os benefícios a grupos prioritários, como vítimas de violência sexual e casos de papilomatose respiratória recorrente (PRR). Pacientes imunocomprometidos e maiores de 20 anos ainda devem
receber três doses. Essas recomendações visam ampliar o acesso à vacina contra o HPV e reduzir a prevalência do HPV, contribuindo para a eliminação do câncer do colo do útero no Brasil. No entanto, ainda faltam dados robustos sobre a proteção de dose única contra doenças relacionadas com o HPV outros órgãos, a persistência de anticorpos a longo prazo e a eficácia da vacina contra o HPV em grupos etários mais velhos. Para proteção individual, a ABPTGIC recomenda o uso da vacina nonavalente contra HPV: duas doses para idades de 9 a 14 anos e três doses para idades de 15 a 45 anos. Para pacientes imunocomprometidos de 9 a 45 anos, são aconselhadas três doses. Alternativamente, poderia se utilizar duas doses de 15 a 20 anos. Esta recomendação permanecerá válida até que novas evidências sugiram uma redução segura e eficaz nas doses da vacina contra o HPV
Libre arbitre et déterminisme. Un plaidoyer pour le libertarisme agent-causal
Authors: TOPALA Valerian Sergiu
Published: February 2025

In this article we aim to offer a plea for agent-causal libertarianism. This topic will be addressed in the context of the contemporary debate on free will and determinism. The importance of this millennial philosophical-scientific debate is obvious. If our constitution includes a physical nature, like the other elements of material Universe, then it too appears to be governed by the same physical laws. In this case, if the world is deterministic, “(i) all the laws of nature have this feature—they always specify a unique outcome for a given set of initial conditions—and (ii) everything that happens in the Universe falls under some laws of nature or other” Therefore, if this were the case, it seems that we do not possess the freedom we believe we have when we think that we could have done differently in the past, that our present choices are real, and that the future is still open. Since the world was characterized by certain conditions in the distant past, there seems to be only one way it can be today, tomorrow, and forever. Everything in this world seems to be already established, so that our freedom is, at best, an illusion. The illusion becomes even greater when certain findings in neuroscience seem to confirm it. If that were the case, then the stakes of this debate are ones of the highest possible, because by implication, with the illusion of freedom, everything becomes an illusion. Without freedom of the will, not only moral responsibility (with justice systems, religion etc.) and epistemic responsibility become an illusion, but even rationality itself, with all its deliberative and analytical processes, and with it, the knowledge of truth, the possibility of correcting errors of thought and finally the agent itself. The implications are catastrophic for such a world, since in it there is no room for good and evil, truth and falsehood, wisdom and folly, merit and demerit. With the listing of the implications, of which some are more or less aware, the schism among philosophers and scientists also begins. Our article attempts to provide a plea for agent-causal libertarianism in response to these problems. In doing so, we will first provide a classification of libertarianism in order to frame, define, and distinguish the libertarianism we defend. We will then highlight the incompatibility of agent-causal libertarianism with both determinism and other perspectives that promote event-type causation. Also, to clarify our position and introduce our arguments for the plea, we will compare compatibilism with our perspective. Finally, we will present six arguments in favor of agent-causal libertarianism. In this final section, in the part devoted to the objections to the second argument and the responses to the objections, we will also enter into dialogue with some experiments in neuroscience and experimental studies in the cognitive sciences.
Eggshells from archaeological sites in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Gorobets Leonid
Published: February 2025

Subfossil eggshell finds are useful for many research purposes in various branches of science (zoology, history, archaeology, cultural studies, etc.). Under certain circumstances, eggshells can indicate the season in which the occupation layer formed. Since 2015, zooarchaeological materials from 53 sites have been deposited in the National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine. There were eggshell fragments from 21 sites, at least 288 eggs (3809 fragments). Most of them are excavations of kitchen waste, sometimes graves or natural Holocene taphocoenoses. Accordingly, the eggshell is not a rare zooarchaeological material in sites dated from two thousand years ago and later, but rather common. However, it is difficult to detect in occupation layer without applying special methods (e.g. flotation). Together with the finds of the 20th century, the museum collection contains at least 302 eggs (4084 fragments) dating from Antiquity to the 19th century CE. Most of the finds were found during excavations in Rivne Oblast, Ukraine, in sites dated to the 16th–19th century CE. In most cases, the thickness of the fragments corresponds to the eggs of poultry. Identification is confirmed by the presence of poultry bones in the occupation layers. Shell fragments of chicken (Gallus gallus f. domestica) and goose (Anser anser f. domesticus) eggs can be identified. Measuring shell thickness does not accurately distinguish between remains of duck (Anas platyrhynchos f. domesticus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo f. domesticus), and large chicken eggs. Eggshells may be indirect evidence of pigeon keeping. Among the wild species, fragments of swan (Cygnus cygnus/Cygnus olor) eggs in the ancient colony of Olbia can be identified. The use of measurements of shell thickness and egg diameter made it possible to identify with a high degree of probability the remains of eggs of the common shelduck (cf. Tadorna tadorna) on the site of an abandoned ancient settlement in the Crimea. A large number of finds suitable for identification indicates that this type of remains is of scientific value and should be stored in the same way as other zooarchaeological materials.
Fault dislocations as fluid barriers of hydrocarbon deposits near salt domes in the Dnipro-Donets Depression, Ukraine
Authors:   LLC ‘NVF GERA LTD’(Kharkiv, Ukraine), Yakovlev Andrey , Samchuk Iryna ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (Kharkiv, Ukraine)
Published: February 2025

Within the Dnipro-Donets aulacogen, Devonian salt stocks (diapirs) are widely developed. The suprastock, interstock, and nearstock areas associated with these diapirs have consistently drawn the interest of researchers in the Dnipro-Donets Depression for hydrocarbon exploration. Uprastock and interstock areas, primarily associated with anticlinal structures, have been the primary targets for exploration. Numerous significant hydrocarbon accumulations, including large and unique deposits, have been discovered in these structures. These deposits are classified as bedded, massive-bedded, and dome-shaped, with lithological or tectonic confinement. Sealing rocks are the Permian chemogenic sedimentary succession or clay-rich roks at various stratigraphic levels of the overlying rocks. Modern seismic methods effectively identify, outline, refine, and prepare such structures for drilling, with a geological success rate of approximately 0.6. Nearstock areas encompass parts of salt-dome structures with unique characteristics resulting from salt diapirism. These areas often feature hydrocarbon traps only a few hundred meters wide, characterized by low seismic reliability due to salt-induced wavefield distortions and complex structures. The geological success rate for hydrocarbon exploration in these challenging conditions is approximately 0.12. Four main types of hydrocarbon traps are identified in nearstock areas: reefal deposits in the Upper Pennsylvanian Araukarytova Formation and the Early Permian Slovians’k Formation; dikes in the Upper Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian sedimentary rocks; tectonic satellite blocks including Serpukhovian, Bashkirian, and Upper Pennsylvanian rocks; and carbonate banks in the Lower Permian deposits. Nearstock traps are confined by salt stocks or by radial faults and salt filling radial fractures. Caps include salt diapir overhangs and Lower Permian chemogenic rocks. In the absence of robust fluid seals, nearstock traps often prove empty, likely due to poor sealing properties at the salt diapir-collector contact. Despite this, nearstock hydrocarbon sedimentary rocks with pre-Cenozoic salt formation are found in various Dnipro-Donets Depression regions.
Revisiting the Legality of Underage Marriage in the Views of Islamic Legal Scholars
Authors: Abidin Zainal , Ja'far Ja'far , Khalil Munawar , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Child marriage has often been one of the most heated debates amongst Islamic jurisprudents (‘fuqahâ’) and is even opposed by various groups for a variety of reasons, including legislative regulations, health, social and economic concerns, and children’s rights. This article examines the legality of underage marriage according to Islamic law scholars. This research is a library-based study using a conceptual and comparative approach. The data sources for this research include the prominent fiqh texts of the Mâlikî, Hanafî, Shâfi‘î, Hanbalî, and Shia Imamiyya schools. The data is analyzed using content analysis methodology. The findings of this study indicate that the four Sunni schools and the Shia Imamiyya school recognize the permissibility of child marriage, with various conditions, particularly regarding the guardian (wali) who performs the marriage and the potential benefits or harms of the marriage. This study complements research on the perspectives of the five major fiqh schools regarding the legality of child marriage. It also provides an alternative perspective for interpreting the legal regulations on marriage in Indonesia.
SUPERCRITICAL INTERESTERIFICATION OF CORN OIL USING A CONTINUOUS REACTOR FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
Authors: Guimarães K. G. , Oliveira H. N. M. , Galvão J. A. E. R. , Silva J. N. B. , Silva I. M. , Azevedo S. H. G.
Published: February 2025

The environmental issues caused by fossil fuels have driven the increase in demand for biofuels’ production, such as biodiesel. This work analyzes an interesterification reaction, which involves the substitution of alcohol with an ester, obtaining a glycerol-free process. Under supercritical conditions, such reaction dispenses the use of catalysts, simplifying the product purification process. In this study, supercritical interesterification using corn oil and methyl acetate was investigated for biodiesel production. The reaction was conducted in a continuous reactor following a Box-Behnken experimental design proposed to evaluate the effects of temperature (325-375 °C), oil-to-acetate molar ratio (1:35-1:45), and residence time (15-45 min) on ester content yield. Pressure was maintained at 200 bar. The highest ester content result was 44.62% obtained at temperature of 350 °C, oil-to-acetate molar ratio of 1:35, and residence time of 45 minutes. Statistical analysis of the results shows the achievement of significant effects of temperature and residence time parameters, with the representative data model being termed non-significant and predictive.
State of the art of occlusion in dental implants: a systematic review
Authors: Tito Luis Andrés Palacios , Reyna Josué Enmanuel Jiménez , Olivera Mario Coronel , Cicareli Alvaro José , Idalgo Fábio Alarcon
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Dental implants are a regular feature in daily clinical practice and there is a need to perform routine evaluation and maintenance of implants and their restorations. Occlusal checks form an important part of the maintenance regimen to preserve the integrity of implants, their restorations, and the health of peri-implant tissues. The risks attributable to occlusal forces mainly affect implant restorations and are elevated in the presence of bruxism. Objective: This study presented the main clinical considerations of occlusions in dental implants. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was conducted from October to November 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 102 articles were found, 45 were evaluated in full and 24 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 15 studies with a high risk of bias and 22 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies did not show homogeneity in their results, with X2=82.2%>50%. It was concluded that occlusion is a factor directly responsible for the success or failure of treatments performed with dental implants. It directly interferes with the distribution and absorption of loads resulting from mandibular movement. Understanding how these loads work requires the clinician to seek multiple knowledge, mechanical and biological so that prosthesis planning is well executed.
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Market Capturing Strategies: The Role of Innovation Hubs in Economic Growth and Fostering Startup Success: A Review
Authors: Babburoglu Sonar
Published: February 2025

Startups and hubs are uniquely positioned to support meaningful economic growth and to help solve socio-economic issues since they offer resources, support, and networks to innovative entrepreneurs. However, some of them fail to grasp the emerging need for adaptation of innovative hub strategies based on ecosystem peculiarities. This paper aims to competitively evaluate the coalition between the entrepreneurial ecosystems and the innovation hubs based on their significant strategic roles of market capture, economic development, and startups in different contexts and niche market domains. The analysis methodology was selected based on the keywords and included the articles published in Scopus and Web of Science from 2015 to 2024. Concepts for innovative ecosystems and the growth of startup businesses were used in the paper, and rigorous filters for both empirical and theoretical research were used. The present research thus reinforces the significance of environments for entrepreneurship and innovation in the marketplace for startups. Startups, driven by access to networks, funding, and regulatory support, have shown better market outcomes. However, challenges like funding insecurity, brain drain, and policy restraints can hinder their potential. Cooperation, funding, and policy support are crucial for entrepreneurship and economic growth. Innovation hubs offer money, advice, connections, and support structures for startups to grow and experiment. However, their effectiveness depends on addressing funding vulnerability, employee attrition, and legal frameworks.
Utilizing Food Waste for Sustainable Packaging: A Biodegradable Approach to Replacing Plastic
Authors: Malik Simrah
Published: February 2025

Plastic is harmful to human health and is not an environmentally friendly product. Over thousands of years, plastic does not degrade or decompose. Food waste has been used for years to replace plastic or plastic derivatives or create eco-friendly biodegradable packaging material. Packaging is vital for product protection and has a high value at all stages. Different materials have been introduced to replace plastic. This article discussed the use of various food waste to replace specific plastic packaging materials. A commonly accepted strategy for building a sustainable society is to use waste biomass such as fiber, cellulose, and starch to substitute petrochemical ingredients in manufacturing plastics. Bioplastics or biodegradable polymers are plastics manufactured from biomass. Mushroom waste has been used to make an alternative to Styrofoam, Mushroom pulp or fiber utilization for the development of Kraft paper packaging has shown to be the best alternative, as it has high mechanical strength, and it is biodegradable, organic, or non-hazardous to humans. Similarly, cucumber peel was used to make biodegradable packaging films that act as an oxygen barrier in the atmosphere. Cucumber peels can be employed as Nano-fillers in bio-composite film, resulting in effective food packaging materials with low ionic conductivity. Sugar cane bagasse is also an excellent alternative to plastic film packaging. Since agricultural wastes may be turned into new value-added commodities, sugarcane bagasse waste could contribute to societal economic success while fostering a green environment. Garlic peels are also being used to create paper packaging. Garlic peel-based biodegradable packs were evaluated and confirmed to be suitable for usage as carry bags or pouches. Foams, Kraft sheets, and Biofilms are used to protect fruits and vegetables, as well as beans, cereal, grains, and other food goods. However, these food waste materials can be used to produce biodegradable packaging material as an alternative to hazardous plastic.
KICHIK BIZNESNI MAMLAKATIMIZ IQTISODIYOTIDA IMPORT VA EKSPORTDAGI ULUSHI
Authors: Adhamov Shohijaxon
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqola kichik biznes subyektlarining mamlakat iqtisodiyotidagi import va eksportdagi ulushini tahlil qiladi. Tadqiqotda kichik biznesning iqtisodiyotga ta'siri, uning import va eksport bozorlaridagi roli, shu bilan birga hududlar bo‘yicha farqlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, kichik biznesning import va eksportdagi ulushi mamlakatning iqtisodiy rivojlanishida muhim o‘rin tutadi. Kichik biznes subyektlarining importdagi ulushi texnologik va sanoat uskunalari importiga, eksportdagi ulushi esa milliy mahsulotlarni xalqaro bozorlarga chiqarishga bog‘liq. Shuningdek, tadqiqot kichik biznesni qo‘llab-quvvatlash va uning raqobatbardoshligini oshirish uchun davlat siyosatining ahamiyatini ta'kidlaydi. Maqolada kichik biznesning eksportga yo‘naltirilgan mahsulotlar hajmini oshirish va hududiy iqtisodiy salohiyatni kengaytirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.
TOURISM AS A TOOL FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
Authors: Mukharramkhon Numonova , Pаrizodа Mirboboyevа
Published: February 2025

This research examines the role of tourism as a dynamic tool in the acquisition of the English language, focusing on how it can develop linguistic competence through direct contact. It also explores how travel enhances real-world language use, cultural interaction, and practical communication skills. The paper reviews case studies on the experiential learning process of language learners who are engaged in tourism-related activities for illustrating efficacy within a range of hostels, guided tours, and cultural events. A review of the obstacles which tourism poses in enhancing this competency, including such impediments as socio-cultural exchange or/and technology integration. The findings prove that tourism enhances not only language acquisition but also cultural awareness of learners, for which it needs to be included in contemporary English language education. The study also recommended that language education involve efforts related to tourism for an increase in authentic language use and engagement.
XIVA XONLIGIDA SHAHARLAR HAYOTI
Authors: Ganiyeva Muborak
Published: February 2025

Tadqiqot mavzusi Xiva xonligining oʻrta asrlardagi ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy hayoti, uning Oʻrta Osiyo va Oʻzbekiston davlatchiligi tarixidagi ahamiyati . Shaharlar hayoti, hunarmandchilik markazlari haqidagi ma’lumotlar Xiva xonligi tarixini, qo‘lyozmalarni chuqurroq o‘rganish zarurligini ko‘rsatadi. Tadqiqot muammosini ochib berishda tarixiy, ilmiy va tizimli usullardan samarali foydalanildi. Tadqiqotda Xiva xonligidagi shahar hayoti, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy taraqqiyoti, yorug‘lik fanida mavjud bo‘lgan Xiva xonligining o‘ziga xos xususiyatlarini aks ettirgan holda xulosalar chiqariladi. 16-asr va 20-asr boshlarida mavjud boʻlgan Xiva xonligi Oʻzbekistonning davlatchilik va boshqaruv tarixida, iqtisodiy va madaniy hayotida oʻz oʻrniga ega.
VISUAL AIDS IN ENHANCING THE LEARNING PROCESS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN A PRIVATE SCHOOL (AKHMAD EDUCATION)
Authors: Numonova Mukharramkhon
Published: February 2025

There has been a growing awareness of the importance of the use of various teaching aids to support the learning process especially in teaching of English as a second language. These aids play a vital role in achievement of various needs of learners with different learning style. This paper aims at assessing the effectiveness of images, charts, and multimedia in enhancing the learning process of English to learners. The study assumes that visuals help enhance understanding significantly, improve recall of concepts in a given language and enhance students’ interest. The research explores various types of learning environments in terms of classroom practices, using survey answers of participants and academic performance in association with visual aids. The research indeed indicates that visual support improves comprehension of intricate syntactic patterns and increased recognition of new words. They also encourage class discussions and class activities as well as ensuring that every student is included in the classroom learning process. The implications of the study show that integrating use of visual aids is critical in enhancing the effectiveness of teaching English.
LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF ORTHOPHONIC AND GRAPHIC CHANGES IN INTERNET DISCOURSE
Authors: Vokhidova Tamanno
Published: February 2025

The rapid evolution of digital communication has prompted significant transformations in language use, particularly in Internet discourse. This study explores the linguistic analysis of orthophonic and graphic changes that emerge in online communication platforms. Focusing on the interplay between spoken (orthophonic) and written (graphic) forms, the research examines how new conventions and adaptations arise in response to the dynamics of virtual environments. Key phenomena include the widespread use of abbreviations, emoticons, phonetic spelling, and non-standard punctuation, which blur the boundaries between formal language norms and informal, context-dependent communication. This paper investigates how these alterations reflect broader sociolinguistic trends, such as the influence of multimedia, the need for brevity, and the interactivity of digital spaces. By analyzing online texts from social media, forums, and chat environments, the study offers a comprehensive understanding of how orthophonic and graphic modifications contribute to the shaping of Internet language. The findings provide insights into the ways in which language adapts to technological platforms, challenging traditional linguistic models and offering a new perspective on the fluidity of modern communication practices.
Güncel Yargıtay Kararları Işığında Önleme Araması Neticesinde Elde Edilen Delillerin Hukuka Uygunluğu Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Yurtlu Fatih
Published: February 2025

Çağdaş ceza muhakemesi sistemleri, insan haklarına uygun yöntemlerle maddi gerçeğe ulaşmayı amaçlar. Bu nedenle kişilere isnat edilen fiillerin her şekilde sübuta erdirilmesi düşünülemez. Ceza muhakemesindeki klasik delil elde etme yöntemlerinden biri olan (adli) arama, 5271 sayılı Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu (CMK) m. 116 ve devamında düzenlenmiştir. Bu tedbire şüpheli/sanığın yakalanması amacıyla başvurulabileceği gibi delil elde etme amacıyla da başvurulabilir. Ancak dikkat edilmelidir ki, arama yalnızca CMK’da düzenlenmiş değildir. Uygulamada sıkça başvurulan bir diğer arama türü “önleme aramasıdır”. Önleme araması, başta 2559 sayılı Polis Vazife ve Salȃhiyet Kanunu (PVSK) olmak üzere birçok özel kanunda ayrıca düzenlenmiştir.
Özünde birbirinden farklı nitelikteki bu iki arama işlemi, özerk bir adli kolluk birimi bulunmaması nedeniyle ülkemizde aynı birimlerce ifa edilmektedir. Aynı birimler tarafından ifa edilmesi, bu iki arama türü arasındaki önemli farklılıkların gözden kaçırılmasına zemin hazırlamaktadır. Ancak koruma tedbiri niteliğindeki adli arama ile özünde idari tedbir olan önleme araması; şartları, niteliği ve amaçları bakımından birbirinden tamamen farklıdır. Bu sebeple her iki arama türünün birbiri yerine ikame edilmesi hukuken mümkün değildir.
Buna karşılık uygulamada iki arama türü arasındaki farklılıklar görmezden gelinmekte, çoğu olayda önleme araması adli aramaya eş değer kabul edilmektedir. Ne teorik ne de pozitif hukuki temeli bulunan bu durum, esasında fiili kolluk uygulamasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu fiili durumun bizatihi kendisinden daha tehlikelisi ise hukuka aykırı bu uygulamanın yargı organları tarafından kanıksanmış olmasıdır.
Bu çalışmamızda, uyuşturucu suçlarına ilişkin bir olay üzerinden “önleme araması neticesinde elde edilen delillerin hukuka uygunluğunu” tartışacağız. Bu hukuki problemi, güncel Yargıtay kararları üzerinden açıklayacak; konuya ilişkin tespit, görüş ve önerilerimizi teorik gerekçeleriyle ortaya koymaya çalışacağız.
İş Hukukunda İşçilerin Sosyal Medya Kullanımına İlişkin İşyeri İç Yönetmelikleri/Rehberler
Authors: Alp Nihat Seyhun
Published: February 2025

Özel hayatımızın her anında olduğu gibi çalışma ve ticaret hayatımızda da sosyal medya kullanılmaktadır. İşverenler sosyal medyadan ürünlerinin reklamını ve pazarlamasını yapmaktadır. Yine sosyal medya üzerinden iş başvurusu yapılabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte işçiler de sosyal medyayı kullanır. Ancak herkes gibi işçiler için de sosyal medya yeni bir alandır. Dolayısıyla işçiler, yapmış oldukları paylaşımların işverene verdiği zararın, iş sözleşmesinden doğan borçlarını ihlal ettiğinin ve sonuçlarının farkında olmayabilir. İşte işçilerin çalışma ve özel hayatındaki sosyal medya kullanımını düzenleyen ve aynı zamanda bilgilendirici niteliğe sahip işyeri iç yönetmeliklerinin/rehberlerin hazırlanması sorunların çözümüne hizmet edecektir. Bu düşünce bağlamında çalışmamızda işçilerin sosyal medya kullanımını düzenleyen işyeri iç yönetmelikleri/rehberler ve içerikleri incelenmiştir.
Anayasa Mahkemesine Bireysel Başvuru Harcının Hak Arama Hürriyeti Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Yazıcıoğlu İsmail , Uçar Gamze Nur
Published: February 2025

Bu çalışmada, bireysel başvuru yolunun şekli şartlarından biri olan bireysel başvuru harcı, hak arama hürriyeti bağlamında incelenmiş ve bireysel başvuru yolunun harca tabi kılınmasının hak arama hürriyetine ihlal teşkil edip etmeyeceği hususu aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bireysel başvuru yolunun 6216 sayılı Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kuruluşu ve Yargılama Usulleri Hakkında Kanun’un 47. maddesinin 2. fıkrası ile başvuru harcına tabi kılınması, Anayasa Mahkemesinin dayanaksız veya kötü niyetli başvurular ile meşgul edilmemesi, yoğun iş yükünün Anayasa Mahkemesinin etkinliğini zedelememesi ve gerçekten hakkı ihlal edilen bireylerin hukuki süreçlerinin zamanında ve nitelikli kararlarla sonuçlanmasına araç olacağından bahisle gerekli görülmektedir. Diğer yandan ise bireysel başvuru harcı, bireysel başvuru yolunun temel hak ve özgürlükleri koruma amacıyla çelişme ve hak arama hürriyetini sınırlama yönleriyle eleştirilmektedir.
Bireysel başvuru yolunun ve Türk hukukunda düzenlenen yargı harçlarının anlam ve kapsamına yönelik kısa bir inceleme sonrasında ele alınan hak arama hürriyeti ve bireysel başvuru harcı ilişkisi değerlendirmesi; bu ilişkinin hassas bir dengeye muhtaç olması tespitini beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu dengenin tesisinde devletin bir kamu geliri olarak bireysel başvuru harcını elde etmedeki menfaatine karşılık, bireyin temel hak ve özgürlüğüne ulaşmadaki menfaati dikkate alınmalıdır. Çalışmada, Anayasa’nın benimsediği sosyal hukuk devleti ve eşitlik ilkeleri gereği bireyin temel hak ve özgürlüğüne ulaşmadaki menfaatinin öncelenmesi ya da temel hak ve özgürlüğüne ulaşmadaki menfaat için kamu geliri alınmasının geciktirilmesi önerilmektedir. Bu çözümün mümkün olmaması halinde ise etkisi kuvvetlendirilmiş adli yardım kurumu ile her iki tarafın menfaatleri arasında denge kurulmalıdır.
Nghiên cứu tính lưu biến của hỗn hợp nhựa ma-tít sử dụng bột khoáng RFCC
Authors: Đỗ Cao Phan  , Lê Anh Thắng
Published: February 2025

Sử dụng chất thải công nghiệp hoá dầu RFCC (Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking) vào sản xuất bê tông nhựa là chủ đề của nghiên cứu. Hỗn hợp nhựa ma-tít với bột khoáng RFCC được khảo sát tính chất lưu biến bằng thực nghiệm, và so sánh với nhựa ma-tít với đá vôi truyền thống. So với đá vôi, RFCC giúp tăng độ cứng và độ nhớt của hỗn hợp nhựa ma-tít. Đặc biệt, khi ở điều kiện nhiệt độ cao, độ cứng và độ nhớt của hỗn hợp nhựa ma-tít chứa RFCC tăng lên đáng kể, độ cứng tăng 1,41 lần và độ nhớt tăng 1,42 lần so với hỗn hợp nhựa ma-tít chứa bột đá vôi. Kết quả cũng cố thêm cho sự phù hợp của RFCC trong sản xuất bê tông nhựa.
THE EFFECT OF BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS ON THE BODY OF GOATS
Authors:   Samara State Agrarian University, Molyanova Galina V. , Ermakov Vladimir V. ,   Samara State Agrarian University, Semkina Oksana V. ,   Samara State Agrarian University, Vinokurova Alisa P. ,   Samara State Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of administering a probiotic based on B. amyloliquefaciens on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and the productivity of young goats. The probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-11475 at a dose of 4×109 and 4×107 CFU, produced in the research laboratory of the Peasant (Farmer) Farm «Evgeniy Pavlovich Tsirulev», was administered in freeze-dried form to two-month-old goats every day for a month. The animals' bodies developed stably and the studied vital parameters were within physiologically determined limits. Adding the probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to the main diet made it possible to activate metabolic reactions in the body due to the vital activity of beneficial microflora. The use of a probiotic in animals led to a more rapid resto-ration of vital microflora, which ensured the leveling of the effect and displacement of pathogenic strains of Escherich-ia coli from the animal’s body. The administration of a probiotic leads to an increase in the adaptive and productive indicators of small cattle.
DIGESTIBILITY AND USE OF NUTRIENTS IN YOUNG CATTLE WHEN FEEDING SAPROPEL-MINERAL ADDITIVE
Authors:   Kuzbass State Agrarian University named after V.N. Poletskova, Grigorev Mikhail F.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the research is to analyze the metabolism of farmed young cattle of the Simmental breed against the background of feeding sapropel, a mineral supplement. The experiment is organized on farmed young cattle of the Simmental breed in the conditions of the Lonkur farm. The study of the digestibility of nutrients and the analysis of the efficiency of the use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus were carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methods of M.F. Tomme (1969) and A.I. Ovsyannikova (1976). The conditions of cultivation and maintenance of ex-perimental animals in the experiment were the same and corresponded to the requirements of zootechnical research. During the experiments, it was found that animals from the second and third experimental groups receiving a sapro-pel mineral supplement in different norms surpassed the first control group in all coefficients of digestibility of the main nutrients of the diet. The coefficients of assimilation of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus of the experimental groups exceed the indicators of the control group (without additives): the efficiency of using feed nitrogen from incoming by 0.23 and 0.30%, and from digested nitrogen by 0.43 and 0.75%. At the same time, the efficiency of calcium use in-creased by 5.24 and 6.83%, and phosphorus by 10.08 and 14.76% (P>0.95). Thus, it was found that the inclusion of a sapropel mineral supplement has a positive effect on the digestibility of basic nutrients, while improving mineral metabolism in the body, which shows the prospects of using this additive in feeding cattle of the Simmental breed in Yakutia.
Implementation of collaborative teamwork learning model to improve basketball passing learning outcomes
Authors: Wijendra I Gede Yogi , Wijaya Made Agus , Lesmana Kadek Yogi Parta
Published: February 2025

Background Problems: In the learning process at SMA Negeri 2 Singaraj, researchers found problems in the learning process in the basketball game material, especially in the basic techniques of passing chest passes and bounce passes, which had a low average below the minimum completion criteria. Research Objectives: This research aims to improve learning outcomes in basketball, the basic technique of passing chest passes and bounce passes through the Collaborative Teamwork Learning model for class XI A1 students at State Senior High School 2 Singaraja. Methods: Classroom action research (CAR) is used. This classroom action research (CAR) uses teachers as researchers and consists of 2 cycles. The subjects of this research were students in class XI A1 of State Senior High School 2 Singaraja, with 40 people consisting of 20 male students and 20 female students. The research instrument is a description test for the knowledge aspect and performance for the skills aspect. Data analysis uses qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. Results: The results of the research showed an increase, namely learning completeness in the knowledge aspect in cycle I, which was (85.5%), in cycle II it increased to (92.5%). Furthermore, learning completeness in the skills aspect in cycle I was (87.5%) in cycle II (92.5%). Conclusion: Based on data analysis and discussion, it is concluded that the collaborative teamwork learning model can improve PJOK learning outcomes in basketball passing material for class XI A1 students at SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja for the 2023/2024 academic year. Suggestions for PJOK teachers to be able to implement the Collaborative Teamwork Learning model in other learning materials that are more interesting and effective. The research implies that the Collaborative Teamwork Learning model is proven to be able to improve student learning outcomes.
Survey of the readiness of Physical Education, Sports, and Health teachers in implementing the Emancipated Curriculum at the education unit level of Senior High School
Authors: Putra Bagus Nur Andika , Setyawan Risfandi , Basuki Basuki
Published: February 2025

Background Problems: Physical Education (PE) teachers play an important role in realizing holistic learning that supports the formation of students' characters and skills by the Pancasila learner profile. The implementation of an Emancipated Curriculum provides opportunities for teachers to be more flexible in designing learning but presents challenges such as understanding the concept of the curriculum, the ability to design competency-based learning and limited supporting facilities. Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the readiness of PE teachers to implement the Emancipated Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) at the senior high school level. Methods: his research employs a quantitative method with a descriptive survey design. The participants consist of 12 PE teachers selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using a Likert-scale-based questionnaire covering three main aspects: understanding of the Emancipated Curriculum, ability to design learning plans, and utilization of supporting facilities. Results: The findings reveal that overall, PE teachers' readiness falls into the "Moderately Ready" category, with the highest average score in understanding the Emancipated Curriculum (3.25), followed by the ability to design learning plans (3.05), and the utilization of supporting facilities (2.85). The main challenges faced by teachers include limited supporting facilities and insufficient intensive training related to Emancipated Curriculum learning strategies. Conclusion: In conclusion, while PE teachers demonstrate enthusiasm for implementing the Emancipated Curriculum, there is an urgent need to enhance training and provide adequate facilities. The study recommends organizing continuous training programs, mentoring sessions, and the provision of sufficient resources to support the successful implementation of the Emancipated Curriculum.
The effect of discovery learning on chest pass learning outcomes in basketball games
Authors: Hasmara Puguh Satya , Basuki Basuki , Ma'arif Ilmul , Prasetyo Guntum Budi
Published: February 2025

Background Problems: In learning chest pass students at school need an effective and appropriate learning method required at the time of learning the discovery learning method is one option that can be used by teachers, using this approach the teacher must create something new by creating different learning conditions and learning activities by the demands and development of education. Research Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of the Discovery Learning model on Chest Pass on Basketball Games. Methods: Quasi-experimental research, the population of this study was VII grade students of SMPN 2 Gondang with a total of 112 students, sampling with a Random Sampling technique so that it was known that the VII A class sample was 65 students. Instruments include a chest pass process assessment test and a skill test bouncing the ball against the wall, a descriptive test data analysis technique, and a t-test with the help of the SPSS computer program. Results: The results of this study were obtained from the results of this study in the paired sample-test table in the calculation of the results test and process test obtained a Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000. For that 0.000<0.05, then H0 is rejected, and Ha is accepted. Conclusion: the conclusion is that there is an effect of the Discovery learning model on chest passes in basketball games.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Artificial Intelligence for Multimedia in Education by Dimensions AI
Authors: Limpinan Potsirin , Yindeemak Ampawan , Pasmala Rungfa , Nammanee Manop , Jantakoon Thada
Published: February 2025

This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research for Multimedia in Education from 2020 to 2024. Using the Dimensions AI database, VOSviewer software and Scimago Graphica, we examined 45 publications to identify key trends, influential contributors, and emerging directions in this rapidly evolving field. The analysis reveals a significant publication surge from 2020 to 2021, followed by stabilization in subsequent years. China is the dominant contributor, with 19 publications and 214 citations, highlighting its leadership in AI and educational technology research. Co-authorship network analysis shows a tightly interconnected research community lacking distinct clusters. The most cited papers focus on student engagement and specific AI applications in education, indicating the field's emphasis on practical implementations. Keyword analysis reveals a consistent focus on core concepts such as artificial intelligence, education, technology, and learning, with a recent shift towards more user-centered research. The study also identifies challenges in implementing AI for multimedia in education, including data privacy concerns, ethical considerations, and the need for educator training. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers, educators, and policymakers, highlighting the need to balance technological advancements with pedagogical needs and ethical considerations. Future research directions include investigating the long-term impact of AI-enhanced multimedia education, developing ethical frameworks, conducting cross-cultural studies, and enhancing AI's capability to provide personalized learning experiences through multimedia content.