bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the intralesional purified protein derivative of tuberculin versus intralesional vitamin D3 for the management of recalcitrant warts
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar , Mohta Alpana , Vyas Kapil , Vijay Atul
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which infects the epidermal cell layers leading to their hyperproliferation. The concept of immunotherapy has recently come to light. It acts by mounting delayed cell-mediated and humoral immunity against the HPV in the host. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the intralesional PPD versus intralesional vitamin D3 for the management of recalcitrant warts. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized trial was conducted on patients between the ages of 12 and 65 years with two or more recalcitrant extragenital warts. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, namely, group A (PPD) and group B (vitamin D3). In group A, a purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin was employed without any prior pre-sensitization testing. Each patient in group I received 0.1–0.2 mL of antigen at the base of the largest wart. In group B, the patients received 0.1–0.2 mL in a similar manner. Results: In group A, 39 (78%) patients had complete clearance while, in group B, 38 (76%) had complete clearance in injected warts (p = 0.8). As far as distant warts were concerned, in group A, 35 (70%) had a complete response while, in group B, 29 (48%) had a complete response. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups with a greater degree of clearance in distant warts with the tuberculin PPD (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Both the tuberculin PPD and vitamin D3 are reliable and safe management options for recalcitrant, treatment-resistant, and extensive warts.
Celso Furtado: reforma, política e ideologia (1950-1964)
Authors: Vieira Rosa Maria
Published: December 2022

Para a mais recente geração de economistas, Celso Furtado é o intelectual com uma das contribuições mais férteis no plano das formulações teóricas ancoradas na problemática das economias periféricas – a industrialização por substituição de importações como forma de os subdesenvolvidos transitarem ao capitalismo. Muitos acentuam o caráter utópico de suas proposições, por ousarem o projeto de um Brasil de capitalismo autônomo. Há, ainda, os que veem em seu pensamento a matriz de nova epistemologia econômica. Mas inegável é o consenso de que se trata de um intelectual ímpar, construtor de ideias originais, um humanista e homem de ação, devotado aos problemas da América Latina. Este livro traz uma reflexão que inova na abordagem da produção furtadiana. Rosa Maria Vieira, com um texto elegante, optando pela análise dialética da teoria de Furtado e buscando sua imanência histórica, revela um economista que ultrapassou a condição de cepalino keynesiano ao transformar a preocupação com o subdesenvolvimento na procura da particularidade do capitalismo no Brasil, vinculando-se a uma tradição intelectual brasileira comprometida com a modernização do país. O Furtado que Vieira desvela na análise é o humanista, para quem, no Brasil, a questão democrática transcende o jogo político liberal, passando pela equação econômica que erradicasse a miséria estrutural e transformasse a estrutura agrária. Trata-se de um livro indispensável para aqueles que ainda hoje estão empenhados na reflexão e no debate sobre os impasses e desafios da formação social brasileira.
Ageing and Neurodegeneration – The Role of Neurotransmitters’ Activity
Authors:   Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Lozanska Bonka , Georgieva Milena ,   Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Miloshev George ,   Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Xenodochidis Charilaos ,   Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University – Plovdiv, Bulgaria,   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2022

Disease and ageing are linked in many ways and especially by the mechanisms they share. For many diseases, the process of ageing is the main culprit leading to the pathology. Hence, it is crucial to understand the process of ageing, and its molecular and cellular mechanisms to have a better understanding and perspective on these age-related diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are probably the most common types of age-related diseases. Their pathology is complex, however, changes in neurotransmitter levels are almost always present. These types of changes occur during ageing as well, therefore, exploring the link between those processes can give a clue for possible treatments. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are enzymes that break down monoamine neurotransmitters and their dysregulation has long been recorded in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. There is strong evidence that modulating the MAOs’ expression and activity can be beneficial for patients suffering from these illnesses. Herein we critically analyze the literature and make associations among ageing, MAOs’ activity and neurotransmitters’ levels, thus highlighting their role in neurodegenerative diseases.
Organisering av samarbeid mellom skole og arbeidsliv i yrkesfagutdanningen
Authors: Rekdahl Merete Chatrin , Aas Marit , Ballangrud Brit Bolken
Published: December 2022

Norsk og nordisk forskning tyder på at det er utfordringer med samarbeidet mellom skole og arbeidsliv i den yrkesfaglige utdanningen. Et manglende samarbeid mellom skole og arbeidsliv kan føre til at elevene får en mindre relevant yrkesutdanning, at frafallet øker og at utdanningen ikke gir arbeidslivet den kompetansen de har behov for. Et svakt eller manglende samarbeid mellom skole og arbeidsliv kan påvirke intensjonen om et helhetlig todelt utdanningsforløp. Artikkelen undersøker hvordan en skoleeier og en videregående skole velger å organisere samarbeidet mellom skole og arbeidsliv, og hva de ulike samarbeidsstrukturene fører til. Dette undersøkes ved hjelp av en kvalitativ tilnærming med en case med to utdanningsnivåer, representert ved en skoleeier og en videregående skole i samme fylke. Med bakgrunn i data fra informanter fra skoleeier- og skolenivå analyseres og drøftes informantenes opplevelser av samarbeidet. Analysen viser at for å utvikle samarbeidet, må skoleeier balansere mellom ønsket om å lage samarbeidsstrukturer og skolenes og arbeidslivsbedriftenes tradisjon for selvbestemmelse. Skoleeiers intensjoner om å øke samarbeidet har ført til tre formelle samarbeidsstrukturer. Ved hjelp av teori om skoleledelse forstått som en samhandlende aktivitet i et system med løse koblinger og meningsskaping, avdekkes at alle de tre samarbeidsstrukturene bidrar til økt forståelse mellom skole og arbeidsliv, mens to av samarbeidsstrukturene på skolenivå bidrar til både økt forståelse og oppslutning om en mer felles samarbeidspraksis.
Quality Audit Towards Improvement of Transfusion Services: An Institutional Assessment
Authors: . Nikhil , Das Subhashish , Kalyani R
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Maintaining quality in transfusion services is a vital cogwheel of Quality Management System (QMS) in a hospital to impart safe blood to the patients. Quality Indicators (QI) play a pivotal role in quality management as they dispense imminent information regarding the execution of transfusion services and could help in utilizing QI as a benchmark for safe quality of blood. Less is known about the authentic utilisation of QI in hospitals. Aim: To assess the comprehensive quality performance of the blood center and evaluating the five obligatory QIs as per National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers (NABH) and make necessary suggestions for refinement of the same. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the blood bank attached to RL Jalappa Hospital, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India. The five compulsory QIs, as defined by NABH, were noted and monitored on monthly basis, from December 2019 to December 2020. The particulars were collected in a methodical outline and root causes for any deviation were assessed. Accordingly, particular corrective and preventive measures were taken. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v22 software. Results: The mean transfusion reaction rate was 0.18 in patients, with a highest value of 0.9 noted in the month of March-2020; there was no transfusion reaction at all in the month of February, April, June, July, October, November and December-2020. The mean wastage rate was 12.9. The maximum wastage was noted in August-2020 (21.7%) and was least in October 2020 (7.2%). Turnaround Time (TAT) was <30 minute for emergency cases with a mean of 27.11 minutes. For routine cases mean TAT was 140.9 minutes. Conclusion: Stringent enforcement of quality indicators, as mandated by NABH, can help in preventing errors in transfusion services. This, in turn, helps in maintaining a better quality and performance of the blood bank.
Comparative Study of Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients- A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kakarla Bhaskar , Deme Swaroopa , Aakula Sugunasree , Naini Abhilash , Soanker Radhika , Modugu Nageswara Rao , YSN Raju
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Vaccine development was the highest priority during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. An ideal vaccine should decrease the risk of infection and reduce the incidence and severity of the disease. Risk of disease or infection following COVID-19 vaccination needs to be evaluated for its efficacy and effectiveness. Aim: To compare the severity of the disease, oxygen requirement, and mortality between vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was done on the data of the patients who were admitted to Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences. All the admitted patients with COVID-19 disease, diagnosed by either Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR) or rapid antigen detection method from April 2021 to October 2021, were included. Parameters recorded were: age, gender, co-morbidities, clinical staging as per institute protocol, vaccination status, oxygen requirement, the requirement of non invasive or invasive ventilation, inflammatory markers like C-Reactive Protein (CRP), ferritin, D dimer, Computed Tomography (CT) severity index, and outcomes. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.7±14.8 yrs in the unvaccinated group, and 52.75±16.2 yrs in the vaccinated group. Out of 175 patients, 102 (58.28 %) were unvaccinated. There were 25 (14.28%) deaths, of which 20 (80%) were unvaccinated and 5 (20%) were vaccinated. Oxygen requirement was more among the unvaccinated 73/96 (76.04%). High flow oxygen / mechanical ventilation requirement was higher in unvaccinated compared to vaccinated, 38 (76%) vs 12 (24%) respectively (p-value <0.005). The mortality rate was higher in unvaccinated patients with co-morbidity, with an odds ratio of 3.32 (1.2-9.3), p-value=0.02. Serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in the unvaccinated group, 858.15±935.5 vs 473.4±663.2 ng/mL, p-value 0.007. CT severity index in the unvaccinated group was 13.82±5.4, and for the vaccinated group, it was 11.58±5.49. Conclusion: Severe disease, oxygen requirement, and mortality were low in vaccinated patients. Vaccination has also resulted in a statistically significant decrease in mortality in patients with co-morbidities. Serum ferritin levels were also found to be lower in vaccinated patients.
Subconjunctival Fat Prolapse
Authors: Perumal Sundara Raja , Kumar Senthil
Published: December 2022

Subconjunctival fat prolapse is an extremely rare condition. Confirmation of the fatty nature of this lesion and demonstration of the focal tenon capsule defect makes Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of orbit the investigations of choice. This manuscript report a 69-year-old female who presented with complaints of swelling in lateral aspect of both orbit, since two years. On clinical examination, there was yellowish colored swelling in the superolateral quadrant of bilateral orbit. CT scan show herniation of intraconal fat content through the defect at the tenon capsule, intermuscular septum and thus confirmed the nature of lesion and the diagnosis. The patient was not willing for surgical correction and preferred regular follow-ups.
Assessment of Behavioural Preparedness on Recovery Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgeries
Authors: Gopal KS Uplabdh , Venurkar Shreya Vikas , Dhamija Aditij , Jajoo Suhas Narayandas
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Behavioural preparedness is the process of preparing patients for the psychological and emotional challenges that may be encountered during and after surgery. This can include providing education about the surgical procedure and postoperative recovery, as well as training in coping strategies and techniques to manage anxiety, fear, and other negative emotions. Prior sensitisation is a form of behavioural preparedness that involves providing patients with information about the potential outcomes of their surgery in advance, in order to help them better understand and prepare for potential challenges. It has been suggested that providing this type of education and training may reduce patient anxiety, increase co-operation with medical staff, and improve recovery, potentially leading to shorter hospital stays and reduced medication needs. Aim: To assess the effects of behavioural preparedness and prior sensitisation on psychological aspects, recovery outcomes, and user satisfaction in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. Materials and Methods: The study will be undertaken on patients in the Inpatient Department (IPD) of Department of Surgery in a rural tertiary care hospital in central India, during a period spanning two months. All adult patients (aged 18-60) undergoing elective abdominal surgical procedures under anaesthesia in the IPD of surgery will be eligible. The patients will be randomly selected and interviewed preoperatively, dividing them into two groups those receiving the intervention and those receiving standard care with no intervention. The investigator will provide an oral presentation to the intervention group regarding their recovery outcomes and expectations. Subjects will be evaluated with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scale for pain, RAND Short Form health Survey (SF36) questionnaire for physical mobility, RAND Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire III (PSQ-18) instrument for user satisfaction, length of hospital stay and analgesic switchover time on a survey form and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) forms Y1 and Y2 for comparison of preoperative and postoperative negative affects. Effects of the intervention on recovery outcomes will be compared via the Chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney U test for comparison of qualitative data between the two groups and the Student’s Unpaired t-test for comparison of quantitative data between the groups. Wilcoxon’s Signed Rank test and the Student’s paired t-test will be used for analysing qualitative and quantitative input between preoperative and postoperative states. Conclusion: The study seeks to determine if a significant difference occurs from providing patients withprior knowledge about their outcomes and establishing the benefits of psychological preparedness as a cost-effective method in improving outcomes and postoperative recovery
Osteopathic Manual Therapy along with Cranial Electric Stimulation in Primary Dysmenorrhoea
Authors: Sharma Sunita , Ali Kamran , Narula Harneet
Published: December 2022

Primary dysmenorrhoea is described as lower abdominal discomfort that occurs soon before or during menstruation but pathology is called secondary dysmenorrhoea. Gynaecological dysfunctions are routinely treated using osteopathy and other physiotherapy treatments. The case report determines pre and postuterocervical angle, pain, physical activity level and psychological state after osteopathy manual therapy and conservative management on primary dysmenorrhoea. A 22-year-old female was diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhoea and was referred to the physiotherapy Outpatient Department (OPD) for conservative management. Physiotherapy assessment included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) for physical activity and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) for psychological assessment at baseline. She received Cranial Electric Stimulation (CES), osteopathic manual therapy, deep breathing exercise, core strengthening exercise, lower limb stretching exercises and music therapy for relaxation. She received intervention for seven days a month for four consecutive months during menstruation cycles. After four months, her pain and psychological status improved significantly, uterocervical angle increased and there was an increase in physical activity. Thus, CES with osteopathic manual therapy along with conventional therapy helps reduce pain, increase physical functions, improve psychological status and even has a positive effect on uterocervical angle.
Patient Satisfaction with Anaesthesia: Perioperative Questionnaire versus Face-to-face Survey
Authors: George Mathew , Kiran N , Ravi M
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Factors favouring patient satisfaction in anaesthesia are availability of services based on institutional facilities, mutual between with anaesthesiologist and patients, skill of health care experts and patient requirements. When one wishes to improve response rates and raise the calibre of the data captured, face-to-face surveys are among the greatest methods for gathering data. It can be challenging to quantify subject satisfaction in anaesthesia since subjective indications vary by person, culture and background. Patients rating of their own satisfaction can estimate the care given during procedure which cannot be easily assessed in any other way. Aim: To assess patient satisfaction regarding the care provided during anaesthesia and to find out whether dissatisfactions are better elicited through face-to-face interviews or questionnaire. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients undergoing surgery under general or regional anaesthesia at Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India, from November 2021 to February 2022. Estimated sample size was 74. As per American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) grades 1 and 2, adults in the age group of 18–65 years were divided into two groups using chits. In group A, face-to-face interview was done on postoperative day 2 by anaesthesiology resident. In group B, questionnaire was given on postoperative day 2 by anaesthesiology resident. The questions on anaesthesia-related dissatisfaction were posed in a semi dichotomous scale (no/yes-mild, moderate, severe); the questions on satisfaction with anaesthesia care were given on a 4-item scale (extremely satisfied/satisfied/ neutral/dissatisfied). The data was analysed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0, and R environment version 3.2.2 and Microsoft word and Excel have been used to generate graphs and tables. Results: Patient population included in study was 74, among which 63 (85.1%) patients were extremely satisfied with the care given by Anaesthesia Department in general, seven (9.5%) were satisfied, four (5.4%) were neutral, and no one were dissatisfied. Among questionnaire group 36 (97.3%) patients were extremely satisfied with anaesthesia care in general while 27 (73%) of face-to-face group were extremely satisfied with anaesthesia care in general. Among anaesthesia related dissatisfactions 65 (87.8%) of patients did not complain of postoperative nausea and vomiting. In this study 52 (70.3%) patients were extremely satisfied with pain relief after surgery. Conclusion: Face-to-face interview identifies more patients who report lower degree of satisfaction with anaesthesia, it can be concluded that interviewing is better suited for detecting quality problems with anaesthesia care than written questionnaire.
Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality in COVID-19 Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre in Southern Assam, India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Thakuria Riturag , Paul Nabaruna , Baruah Prabahita , Choudhury Pradipta Ray
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection can cause a wide range of symptoms, from asymptomatic infection and mild upper respiratory tract disease to severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure and multiorgan malfunction. Through this study, effort was put forward to know the COVID-19 in terms of clinical characteristics, risk factors and laboratory parameters which in turn may serve as predictors of severe sickness and negative outcomes of COVID-19. Aim: To study the clinical characteristics, risk factors and laboratory parameters of COVID-19 patients in a part of North Eastern India, and also to compare these parameters between survivors and non survivors. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, Assam, India. Study included all patients of COVID-19 diagnosed by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR) or Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) admitted from 1st July, 2020 to 31st December, 2020. The data included demographic parameters, presenting symptoms, significant medical, surgical or drug history etc., and laboratory parameters including complete blood count, Random Blood Sugar (RBS), chest x-ray, renal and liver function test, C-reactive protein, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), serum ferritin, troponin I etc. Data were statistically analysed by unpaired t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test was used for comparing proportions. Results: Out of a total 2262 study subjects, 2066 (91.34%) were discharged from the hospital after recovery and 196 (8.66%) had expired. The various parameters contributing significantly to mortality were male gender, age >60 years, various co-morbid conditions like diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiac illness. The laboratory parameters observed to be significantly associated with mortality were thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis, hyperglycaemia, raised value of lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, D-dimer, ferritin, C-reactive protein. Radiological findings including ground glass opacities and pleural effusion also were more common in the non survivor group as compared to the survivor group. Conclusion: More than half of the deceased patients were older than 60 years of age. The prevalence of co-morbidities and mean level of laboratory parameters were significantly high among non survivors as compared to those who recovered.
Proposed Nonparametric Tests for the Umbrella Alternative in a Mixed Design for Location and Scale
Authors: Alotaibi Eid , Magel Rhonda C.
Published: December 2022

Aims: To develop and compare tests for a mixed design of a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with k populations in testing for the umbrella alternative with known peak, p, for both location and scale parameters. These tests were combinations of the Mack-Wolfe test, the Kim-Kim test, and both the Mack-Wolfe test, and the Kim-Kim test using the Moses technique.

Study Design:  Monte Carlo Simulation Study.

Place and Duration of Study: North Dakota State University, Department of Statistics, August 2020-December 2021.

Methodology: A simulation study was conducted to see how well the proposed tests maintained their significant levels. Powers were also estimated for different ratios of sample size in the CRD to the number of blocks in the RCBD; we assumed equal variance ratios between the CRD and the RCBD. Different parameter changes were considered to see if they would impact which test statistics had greater power. In all cases, it was assumed three observations per treatment, per block in the RCBD portion.

Conclusion: All proposed tests maintained their significance levels.  An overall test is recommended if both location and scale parameters change.
The Martial Arts Aikido, an Alternative for Children with Autism
Authors: Gakegne Edwin Ronnie
Published: December 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not a disease but a clinical syndrome, it is a set of heterogeneous alterations at the neurodevelopmental level that begins in childhood and remains throughout life. As of yet, there is no cure for ASD, but early intervention, including therapy and education, can improve the quality of life for people living with ASD. The objective of this work was to develop a syntheses document of scientific literature that identifies and summarizes the best available alternative regarding ASD that, allows readers to have important information that is scattered in different sources. The martial arts are an activity for the body and mind that cause improvements in the emotional state, managing with problems and increased self-confidence among others. Aikido is a vehicle that allows us to reach a state in which we can change the center of the adversary through his own spherical movement around our center in order to wrap him in it and be able to handle and inspire human life, a way to prevent violence. The disability should not be a barrier to success.
Association Between Doses of Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Systems and Subsequent Use of Psychotropic Drugs in France
Authors: Roland Noémie , Baricault Bérangère , Weill Alain , Bouillon Kim , Dray-Spira Rosemary , Duranteau Lise , Zureik Mahmoud
Published: December 2022

This matched-cohort study uses data from the French National Health Insurance database to assess whether a 19.5-mg levonorgestrel intrauterine system, vs a 52-mg system, is associated with increased use of antidepressant, hypnotic, and anxiolytic medications.
Longitudinal Assessment of Labor Market Earnings Among Patients Diagnosed With Cancer in Canada
Authors: Jung Young , Longo Christopher , Tompa Emile
Published: December 2022

Importance

To our knowledge, there have been no studies that estimated the short-, mid-, and long-term effects on cancer survivors’ labor market earnings using administrative data.

Objective

To estimate the change in labor market earnings due to cancer diagnosis stratified by cancer type and age category.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study used a retrospective analysis of Statistics Canada’s administrative linkage file, which includes microdata from the 1991 Census, the Canadian Cancer Registry, mortality records, and personal income tax files. Participants included patients newly diagnosed with cancer from 1992 to 2008. All statistical analyses were finished on September 30, 2020.

Exposures

Cancer diagnosis using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Annual and percent change in labor market earnings. The empirical strategy used a combination of the Mahalanobis distance and propensity score matching method and the difference-in-difference regression method to select a control group similar to the cancer survivors in this study and assess the association of the cancer diagnosis with labor market earnings, respectively.

Results

A total of 59 532 patients with cancer and 243 446 patients without cancer were included in the main analysis. The mean (SD) age was similar between the matched treatment and control cohort (49.70 [8.1] years vs 49.68 [7.2] years), as was the proportion of females (0.49 vs 0.49), and the individual reported income ($37 937 [$18 645] vs $37 396 [$16 876]). The results showed the negative associations of cancer with labor market earnings. Additionally, the severity of the cancer was associated with labor market earnings, where cancer survivors with a severe type of cancer in terms of the 5-year survival rate are shown to have a larger and more persistent earnings difference compared with the control group.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cohort study suggest that labor market earnings losses are associated with a cancer diagnosis. A better understanding of the loss of labor market earnings following cancer diagnosis and by cancer type can play an important role in starting a dialogue in future policy initiatives to mitigate the financial burden faced by cancer survivors.
Estimated Prevalence of Metastatic Breast Cancer in England, 2016-2021
Authors: Palmieri Carlo , Owide Joshua , Fryer Kirsty
Published: December 2022

This case series study provides an estimate of total cases of metastatic breast cancer in England based on National Health Service data.
Assessment of Body Mass Index, Polygenic Risk Score, and Development of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Xuechen , Li Hengjing , Mandic Marko , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: December 2022

Importance

Excess weight, the prevalence of which is high and increasing in many countries, is linked to multiple adverse health outcomes, including increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Better communication of health risks associated with excess weight might support efforts of prevention.

Objective

To evaluate the individual and joint associations of body mass index (BMI) and polygenic risk with CRC, to assess potential interactions among them, and to quantify by how much increased polygenic risk for CRC can be offset by having a BMI within reference range.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based case-control study was conducted in the Rhine-Neckar region of southwest Germany, with recruitment from 2003 to 2017. Participants with both risk factor and genetic information were included for analysis. Data analysis was conducted from December 8, 2021, to February 17, 2022.

Exposures

BMI was calculated as self-reported weight in kilograms approximately 10 years before diagnosis or interview and current height in meters squared. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was built based on 140 CRC-related risk loci.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Individual and joint associations of BMI and PRS with CRC were estimated using multiple logistic regression. Associations of excess weight with CRC were quantified by adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and genetic risk equivalents (GREs), the equivalent outcomes conveyed by defined differences in PRS percentiles.

Results

Among 9169 participants (median [IQR] age, 69 [62-76] years; 5589 [61.0%] male participants) included, 5053 had CRC and 4116 did not. BMI of 30 or greater was associated with higher odds of having CRC compared with BMI less than 25 (aOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.49-1.97), independent of PRS levels (P for interaction = .45). Participants with BMI of 30 or greater and a PRS in the highest tertile had higher odds of CRC compared with participants with BMI less than 25 and a PRS in the lowest tertile (aOR, 3.82; 95% CI, 3.03-4.82). The estimated association of BMI greater than 30 with CRC risk was equivalent to that of having a 41 (95% CI, 29-53)–percentile higher PRS. BMI of 30 or greater was particularly associated with stage IV CRC (aOR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.71-2.84).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that excess weight was associated with CRC regardless of PRS levels. The association of having a BMI within reference range may be similar to that of having a substantially lower polygenic risk for CRC.
Ocular Tumor in a Woman With Breast and Kidney Carcinomas
Authors: Zaloga Alexandra R. , Card Kevin R. , Shields Carol L.
Published: December 2022

A 54-year-old woman with a history of lobular breast carcinoma in situ as well as chromophobe kidney cell carcinoma was referred for evaluation of an asymptomatic, amelanotic choroidal mass in her left eye. Examination revealed a hyperautofluorescent amelanotic lesion primarily in the sclera that pushed and thinned the overlying choroid. What would you do next?
Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw Following Proton Radiation Therapy for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Singh Annu , Kitpanit Sarin , Neal Brian , Yorke Ellen , White Charlie , Yom SaeHee K. , Randazzo Joseph D. , Wong Richard J. , Huryn Joseph M. , Tsai Chiaojung Jillian , Zakeri Kaveh , Lee Nancy Y. , Estilo Cherry L.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Proton radiation therapy (PRT) has reduced radiation-induced toxic effects, such as mucositis and xerostomia, over conventional photon radiation therapy, leading to significantly improved quality of life in patients with head and neck cancers. However, the prevalence of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw following PRT in these patients is less clear.

Objective

To report the prevalence and clinical characteristics of ORN in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer (OOPC) treated with PRT.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case series reports a single-institution experience (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York) between November 2013 and September 2019 and included 122 radiation therapy–naive patients with OOPC treated with PRT. Data were analyzed from 2013 to 2019.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Clinical parameters, including sex, age, comorbidities, tumor histology, concurrent chemotherapy, smoking, comorbidities, and preradiation dental evaluation, were obtained from the medical record. Patients with clinical or radiographic signs of ORN were identified and graded using the adopted modified Glanzmann and Grätz grading system. Characteristics of ORN, such as location, clinical presentation, initial stage at diagnosis, etiology, time to diagnosis, management, and clinical outcome at the last follow-up, were also collected.

Results

Of the 122 patients (mean [SD] age, 63 [13] years; 45 [36.9%] women and 77 [63.1%] men) included in this study, 13 (10.6%) developed ORN following PRT during a median (range) follow-up time of 40.6 (<1-101) months. All patients had spontaneous development of ORN. At the time of initial diagnosis, grade 0, grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 ORN were seen in 2, 1, 9, and 1 patient, respectively. The posterior ipsilateral mandible within the radiation field that received the full planned PRT dose was the most involved ORN site. At a median (range) follow-up of 13.5 (0.2-58.0) months from the time of ORN diagnosis, complete resolution, stable condition, and progression of ORN were seen in 3, 6, and 4 patients, respectively. The 3-year rates of ORN and death in the total cohort were 5.2% and 21.5%, while the 5-year rates of ORN and death were 11.5% and 34.4%, respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case series, the prevalence of ORN following PRT was found to be 10.6%, indicating that ORN remains a clinical challenge even in the era of highly conformal PRT. Clinicians treating patients with OOPC with PRT should be mindful of this complication.
3D deep convolution neural network for radiation pneumonitis prediction following stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Kapoor Rishabh , Sleeman William , Palta Jatinder , Weiss Elisabeth
Published: December 2022

In this study, we investigated 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with input from radiographic and dosimetric datasets of primary lung tumors and surrounding lung volumes to predict the likelihood of radiation pneumonitis (RP). Pre‐treatment, 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up computed tomography (CT) and 3D dose datasets from one hundred and ninety‐three NSCLC patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) were retrospectively collected and analyzed for this study. DenseNet‐121 and ResNet‐50 models were selected for this study as they are deep neural networks and have been proven to have high accuracy for complex image classification tasks. Both were modified with 3D convolution and max pooling layers to accept 3D datasets. We used a minority class oversampling approach and data augmentation to address the challenges of data imbalance and data scarcity. We built two sets of models for classification of three (No RP, Grade 1 RP, Grade 2 RP) and two (No RP, Yes RP) classes as outputs. The 3D DenseNet‐121 models performed better (F1 score [0.81], AUC [0.91] [three class]; F1 score [0.77], AUC [0.84] [two class]) than the 3D ResNet‐50 models (F1 score [0.54], AUC [0.72] [three‐class]; F1 score [0.68], AUC [0.71] [two‐class]) (p = 0.017 for three class predictions). We also attempted to identify salient regions within the input 3D image dataset via integrated gradient (IG) techniques to assess the relevance of the tumor surrounding volume for RP stratification. These techniques appeared to indicate the significance of the tumor and surrounding regions in the prediction of RP. Overall, 3D CNNs performed well to predict clinical RP in our cohort based on the provided image sets and radiotherapy dose information.
Progress of Phosphate‐based Polyanion Cathodes for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries
Authors: Bin Duan , Du Yanyan , Yang Beibei , Lu Hongbin , Liu Yao , Xia Yongyao
Published: December 2022

Aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries (ARZBs) are recently prevailing devices that utilize the abundant Zn resources and the merits of aqueous electrolytes to become a competitive alternative for large‐scale energy storage. Benefiting from the unique inductive effect and flexible structure, the past five years have experienced a diversiform of phosphate‐based polyanion materials that are used as cathodes in ARZBs. In this review, the most recent advances in the Zn2+ storage mechanisms and electrolyte optimization of the phosphate‐based cathodes of ARZBs, which mainly focus on vanadium/iron‐based phosphates and their derivatives are presented. Furthermore, in addition to significant progress on polyanion phosphate‐based cathode materials, the design strategies both for electrode materials and compatible electrolytes are also elaborated to improve the energy density and extend the cycling life of aqueous Zn/polyanion batteries.
Enhanced Stability and Narrowed D‐Band Gap of Ce‐Doped Co3O4for Rechargeable Aqueous Zn‐Air Battery
Authors: Qian Jinmei , Liu Xin , Zhong Chenglin , Xu Guofu , Li Haijing , Zhou Wanhai , You Bo , Wang Fei , Gao Daqiang , Chao Dongliang
Published: December 2022

It remains challenging to achieve further breakthroughs in the development of durable bifunctional air cathode electrocatalysts for increasing the cycling life of rechargeable Zn‐air battery (RZAB). Herein, d‐band gap narrowing strategy is proposed to significantly boost the electrocatalytic activity and stability of spinel Co3O4for both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. In situ Raman spectroscopy finds that the Ce atom substitution can significantly improve the durability and corrosion resistance of electrocatalysts in harsh alkaline electrolytes. Synchrotron X‐ray absorption fine structure reveals that the Co3+/Co2+ratio of Co3O4can be tuned with Ce introduction, which is beneficial to optimize the adsorption/desorption of the intermediates over Cooh3+active sites. Density functional theory calculations further confirm the reduced gap between Co d‐band and O p‐band centers, increased electrical conductivity, together with the deepened valence band maximum of Co sites in Ce‐doped Co3O4. Thereby, the optimized RZAB with Ce‐Co3O4delivers excellent long‐term durability (290 h) and large specific capacity (876.3 ), which possesses great prospects in all‐solid‐state flexible RZAB devices.
Thyroid‐on‐a‐Chip: An Organoid Platform for In Vitro Assessment of Endocrine Disruption
Authors: Carvalho Daniel J. , Kip Anna M. , Romitti Mírian , Nazzari Marta , Tegel Andreas , Stich Matthias , Krause Christian , Caiment Florian , Costagliola Sabine , Moroni Lorenzo , Giselbrecht Stefan
Published: December 2022

Thyroid is a glandular tissue in the human body in which the function can be severely affected by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Current in vitro assays to test endocrine disruption by chemical compounds are largely based on 2D thyroid cell cultures, which often fail to precisely evaluate the safety of these compounds. New and more advanced 3D cell culture systems are urgently needed to better recapitulate the thyroid follicular architecture and functions and help to improve the predictive power of such assays. Herein, the development of a thyroid organoid‐on‐a‐chip (OoC) device using polymeric membranous carriers is described. Mouse embryonic stem cell derived thyroid follicles are incorporated in a microfluidic chip for a 4 day experiment at a flow rate of 12 µL min−1. A reversible seal provides a leak‐tight sealing while enabling quick and easy loading/unloading of thyroid follicles. The OoC model shows a high degree of functionality, where organoids retain expression of key thyroid genes and a typical follicular structure. Finally, transcriptional changes following benzo[k]fluoranthene exposure in the OoC device demonstrate activation of the xenobiotic aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. Altogether, this OoC system is a physiologically relevant thyroid model, which will represent a valuable tool to test potential EDCs.
The Construction of Alkaline Phosphatase‐Responsive Biomaterial and Its Application for In Vivo Urinary Tract Infection Therapy
Authors: Zhang Jing , Fu Ying , Zhou Rongtao , Yin Moli , Zhu Wenhe , Yan Shunjie , Wang Huiyan
Published: December 2022

Urinary tract infections caused by urinary catheter implantations are becoming more serious. Therefore, the construction of a responsive antibacterial biomaterial that can not only provide biocompatible conditions, but also effectively prevent the growth and metabolism of bacteria, is urgently needed. In this work, a benzophenone‐derived phosphatase light‐triggered antibacterial agent is designed and synthesized, which is tethered to the biological materials using a one‐step method for in vivo antibacterial therapy. This surface could kill gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). More importantly, because this material exhibited a zwitterion structure, it does not damage blood cells and tissue cells. When the bacteria interact with this surface, the initial fouling of the bacteria is reduced by zwitterion hydration. When the bacteria actively accumulate and metabolize to produce a certain amount of alkaline phosphatase, the surface immediately started the sterilization performance, and the bactericidal effect is achieved by destroying the bacterial cell membrane. In summary, an antibacterial biomaterial that shows biocompatibility with mammalian cells is successfully constructed, providing new ideas for the development of intelligent urinary catheters.
A Dynamic Membrane‐Active Glycopeptide for Enhanced Protection of Human Red Blood Cells against Freeze‐Stress
Authors: Gao Shuhui , Niu Qingjing , Wang Yan , Ren Lixia , Chong Jinghui , Zhu Kongying , Yuan Xiaoyan
Published: December 2022

Intracellular delivery of freezing‐tolerant trehalose is crucial for cryopreservation of red blood cells (RBCs) and previous strategies based on membrane‐disruptive activity usually generate severe hemolysis. Herein, a dynamic membrane‐active glycopeptide is developed by grafting with 25% maltotriose and 50% p‐benzyl alcohol for the first time to effectively facilitate entry of membrane‐impermeable trehalose in human RBCs with low hemolysis. Results of the mechanism acting on cell membranes suggest that reversible adsorption of such benzyl alcohol‐grafted glycopeptide on cell surfaces upon weak perturbation with phospholipids and dynamic transition toward membrane stabilization are essential for keeping cellular biofunctions. Furthermore, the functionalized glycopeptide is indicative of typical α‐helical/β‐sheet structure‐driven regulations of ice crystals during freeze−thaw, thereby strongly promoting efficient cryopreservation. Such all‐in‐one glycopeptide enables achieving both high cell recovery post‐thaw >85% and exceptional cryosurvival >95% in direct freezing protocols. The rationally designed benzyl alcohol‐modified glycopeptide permits the development of a competent platform with high generality for protection of blood cells against freeze‐stress.
pH and Thrombin Concentration Are Decisive in Synthesizing Stiff, Stable, and Open‐Porous Fibrin‐Collagen Hydrogel Blends without Chemical Cross‐Linker
Authors: Wachendörfer Mattis , Buhl Eva Miriam , Messaoud Ghazi Ben , Richtering Walter , Fischer Horst
Published: December 2022

Fibrin‐collagen hydrogel blends exhibit high potential for tissue engineering applications. However, it is still unclear whether the underlying cross‐linking mechanisms are of chemical or physical nature. It is here hypothesized that chemical cross‐linkers play a negligible role and that instead pH and thrombin concentration are decisive for synthetizing blends with high stiffness and hydrolytic stability. Different fibrin‐collagen formulations (pure and with additional transglutaminase) are used and the blends’ compaction rate, hydrolytic stability, compressive strength, and hydrogel microstructure are investigated. The effect of thrombin concentration on gel compaction is examined and the importance of pH control during synthesis observed. It is revealed that transglutaminase impairs gel stability and it is deduced that fibrin‐collagen blends mainly cross‐link by mechanical interactions due to physical fibril entanglement as opposed to covalent bonds from chemical cross‐linking. High thrombin concentrations and basic pH during synthesis reduce gel compaction and enhance stiffness and long‐term stability. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a highly interpenetrating fibrous network with unique, interconnected open‐porous microstructures. Endothelial cells proliferate on the blends and form a confluent monolayer. This study reveals the underlying cross‐linking mechanisms and presents enhanced fibrin‐collagen blends with high stiffness, hydrolytic stability, and large, interconnected pores; findings that offer high potential for advanced tissue engineering applications.
A Dual‐Responsive STAT3 Inhibitor Nanoprodrug Combined with Oncolytic Virus Elicits Synergistic Antitumor Immune Responses by Igniting Pyroptosis
Authors: Su Wen , Qiu Wei , Li Shu‐Jin , Wang Shuo , Xie Jun , Yang Qi‐Chao , Xu Jiming , Zhang Junjie , Xu Zhigang , Sun Zhi‐Jun
Published: December 2022

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy shows excellent efficacy against malignancies; however, insufficient tumor immunogenicity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) are considered as the two major stumbling blocks to a broad ICB response. Here, a combinational therapeutic strategy is reported, wherein TME‐reactive oxygen species/pH dual‐responsive signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 inhibitor nanoprodrugs MPNPs are combined with oncolytic herpes simplex virus 1 virotherapy to synergistically ignite pyroptosis for enhancing immunotherapy. MPNPs exhibit a certain level of tumor accumulation, reduce tumor cell stemness, and enhance antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, the simultaneous application of oncolytic viruses (OVs) confers MPNPs with higher tumor penetration capacity and remarkable gasdermin‐E‐mediated pyroptosis, thereby reshaping the TME and transforming “cold” tumors into “hot” ones. This “fire of immunity” strategy successfully activates robust T‐cell‐dependent antitumor responses, potentiating ICB effects against local recurrence and pulmonary metastasis in preclinical “cold” murine triple‐negative breast cancer and syngeneic oral cancer models. Collectively, this work may pave a new way and offer an unprecedented opportunity for the combination of OVs with nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy.