bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The supranational character of decisions of international judicial institutions
Authors: Ivanov A.V.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the supranational nature of the decisions of international judicial institutions. Throughout history, and especially since the second half of the twentieth century, the role of courts has gone beyond national borders. The result of this was the formation of judicial mechanisms that direct their decisions across international borders and supposedly have a higher legal force than the decisions of the courts of individual countries. Among these: the International Court of Justice of the United Nations (decides, in accordance with international law, legal disputes of states referred to it by member states and some neutral parties, and also provides advisory opinions on legal issues referred to it by international organizations), the European Court of Justice on human rights (allows individuals, groups of individuals or non­governmental organizations to submit complaints against a European state to a judicial body after they have been refused satisfaction in their national courts), the International Criminal Court (competes to prosecute persons responsible for war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity), the Court of Justice of the European Union (created a form of decentralized sanctions against non-compliant member states). At the same time, the supranational nature of the decisions of modern international judicial institutions is marked by conditionality: the International Court of Justice of the United Nations can consider a dispute between states only if the respective states have the right to participate in the consideration of the case in court. States can obtain such authority by becoming parties to the Statute of the Court through UN membership or by complying with certain conditions; the implementation of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights is not supported by a strict system of coercion, but is based on voluntary consent to their implementation, which does not always happen; the decision of the International Criminal Court is binding only for those states that have officially expressed their consent to the binding nature of the provisions of the Rome Statute; The Court of Justice of the European Union can only interpret the main treaties and has no authority to interpret national constitutions.
Analysis of the features and identification of problem issues of the legal regulation of ensuring the defense forces of Ukraine within the limits of international aid: assessment of risks
Authors: Кaptan М.V.
Published: August 2024

The legal principles of receiving and using international aid received by Ukraine from foreign donors - foreign states and international organizations - are considered.
The risk criteria in the provision of lethal weapons to the Defense Forces of Ukraine and the desire to ensure even greater control over the provided lethal weapons and its diversion outside the country and even to the European black market during the decision-making process regarding aid to Ukraine were assessed. As an example, the former Yugoslavia, where it was not possible to fully control the circulation of weapons during the wars.
In response to the Russian Federation’s unprovoked invasion of Ukraine, the Council of the European Union on February 28, 2022 adopted an unprecedented decision (2022/338/CFSP) to finance and supply 450 million euros of lethal military aid to the Ukrainian Defense Forces [3], an amount that was doubled by Decision (2022 /471/CFSP) dated March 23, 2022 [4]. But in this rush to war, the European Union’s strict arms control framework was given little consideration. In particular, the Council of the European Union has not publicly formulated how it takes into account the risks of a long-term conflict in Ukraine, such as the diversion of weapons to the Russian Federation and unwanted non-state armed groups; the post-conflict proliferation of small arms and light weapons and the concomitant growth of transnational crime and regional instability, and even the potential for accusations of war crimes by the Ukrainian side against Russian prisoners of war [5]. The formulation of these risks during the decision-making process of the European Union regarding Ukraine is of great importance.
The right to collective self-defense in accordance with Article 51 of the UN Charter provides a fundamental legal basis for the provision of international military assistance to Ukraine by individual states. But the specific powers of the European Union regarding the financing and coordination of such supplies are contained in the new European Peace Fund (hereinafter referred to as the EPF), created in March 2021 [6]. However, the powers of the European Union in the EFM are determined by the criteria for evaluating arms exports to the European Union. Common Position (2008/944/CFSP) dated December 8, 2008, and the International Arms Trade Treaty dated December 24, 2014 (hereinafter - Arms Trade Treaty) [7].
Pre-election campaigning: with regards to the issue of doctrinal comprehension
Authors: Prudkyi B.
Published: August 2024

It is pointed out that in today’s conditions, when the development of technologies radically and relentlessly transforms communication processes in all spheres of life, poses numerous urgent challenges to the legislator regarding the regulation of fundamentally new social relations, election campaigning is also undergoing significant evolutionary changes. At the same time, it is extremely important for the regulator to respond promptly and effectively to them, because the democracy and fairness of the elections themselves de facto depends on the quality and compliance with the current norms that regulate relations regarding the conduct of pre-election campaigning during the election process, because it is precisely in the field of campaigning activities that the most advanced technologies of mass consciousness influence and manipulation. Therefore, ensuring the implementation of the principles of free and fair elections is directly correlated with the proper regulation of the processes that affect the formation of the will and the exercise of will by the electoral corps, first of all, the conduct of election campaigns of the relevant subjects.
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the concept of «pre-election campaigning» and its relationship with the concepts of «campaigning», «propaganda». The genesis of the phenomena, the peculiarities of their regulation in national and foreign legal doctrine, as well as within related sciences are investigated. Key attention is focused on the history of the development of phenomena, their nature, essence, goals, forms and tools used to operate the outlined categories, their comparison and establishment of relationships between them. Various approaches to understanding the concepts were analyzed, their perception in national and Western legal traditions was compared.
On the basis of an interdisciplinary analysis of concepts, an improved definition of pre-election campaigning is proposed, taking into account the modern context and current understanding issues. In addition, based on the results of the research, a conclusion was formed about the need for further detailed research of certain aspects of pre-election campaigning in connection with the internal transformation of the forms and tools of the phenomenon at its current stage of development.
Settlement agreement in civil proceedings Ancient Rome
Authors: Holovach A.Y.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peace agreement in the law of Ancient Rome. It is argued that in the pre-state period there were two methods of conflict resolution: violent and reconciliation, and with the emergence of the state, a third was added: the judiciary. Reconciliation was the source of the institution of peace agreement in Roman law. It is indicated that the reconciliation did not have a legislative form for a long time and only in the period of Justinian, in particular in the Digests, it received its normative expression in the form of a peace agreement. It is noted that it was in Ancient Rome that this institution first received its legislative form.
The etymology of the term that denoted a peace agreement in ancient Rome: «transactio» is being studied. He shows that transactio was considered as an alternative to action («action»), an obstacle to it.
The author quotes and analyzes the Digests of Justinian in order to understand the legal nature of the peace agreement in the law of Ancient Rome and the conditions for its conclusion. A conclusion is made about the complex nature of the settlement agreement, which manifests both a material and legal aspect as well as a procedural aspect. The procedural nature of a settlement agreement in Roman law is expressed in the fact that it terminates a legal dispute, does not allow re-submission of the same lawsuit, and is approved by a court official (praetor).
The conditions of the settlement agreement in Roman law, without which its legal effect is impossible, are analyzed: 1) the lack of clarity of the resolution of the legal dispute; 2) reciprocity of concessions; 3) the settlement agreement must be free; 4) the terms of the settlement agreement should not violate the rights and interests of third parties who were not parties to the settlement agreement; 5) the settlement agreement had to be approved by a court official.
Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the execution of the settlement agreement in the ancient Roman period and the negative consequences that occur in the absence of voluntary execution of the settlement agreement.
Examples are given from the modern legislation of various European countries, where the provisions of the ancient Roman institution of the peace agreement were embodied, which testifies to their relevance to this day.
Property rights of the author to the service work in the copyright law of Ukraine
Authors: Pecherova N.H.
Published: August 2024

This work is devoted to consideration of the peculiarities that arise when an employee-author creates an official work in terms of property rights, namely the transfer and ownership of such rights to the employer, who receives them as a general rule at the time of creation of an official work in full from the employee. The study of the above­mentioned issue is carried out by analyzing the consistency of the fact that property rights in full are transferred according to the general rule at the time of creation of an official work from the employee-author to the employer with subjects in the copyright law of Ukraine, in particular with the fact that the author is the primary subject object, the concept of originality according to the current relevant legislation, presumption of authorship, co-authorship, relationship with the right to follow, property rights arising from the author, contractual forms through which property rights to copyright objects are disposed of.
As a result of the comparison of the above­mentioned issues, the article pays special attention to the specifics of the legal relationship between the employee-author and the employer, since in terms of the employee’s performance of his functional duties, these relationships are of a public-legal nature, which concerns the creation of an object of law intellectual property (service work), then these relations are private- legal and should not be forgotten. Therefore, in connection with the issues considered above, the article proposes a number of new revisions of the articles (the proposed changes relate to the fact that as a result of the issues considered in the work, it is proposed that property rights belong to the employee-author who created the work, the rights to which the employer receives through the conclusion with by an employee-author of a contract on creation by order or another type of contract regarding the transfer of property rights; the ability of the employee-author to dispose of his property rights and determine the scope and terms of such disposal independently), as well as changes in the approach, in particular, to the understanding of the official work by refusing coverage of the employment contract (contract) of the transfer of property rights from the employee­author to the employer according to the general rule and the use of civil constructions instead. The proposed changes are designed to draw attention to the restoration of a fair balance of the interests of the employee-author and the employer, since, based on the provisions of the current legislation, it is seen that the position of the employee-author is less protected compared to the position of the employer, especially in situations where the salary of the employee-author includes himself and the author’s remuneration, which the employee­author receives for creating an official work.
Post-war reconstruction of Ukraine: analysis of individual program principles
Authors: Orlova O.S.
Published: August 2024

It is noted that the post-war stage of state reconstruction will necessarily be characterized by the search for new ways to develop stabilization measures to accelerate economic development, especially in the affected regions of Ukraine, in connection with significant destruction of industrial and social infrastructure, against the background of a shortage of financial resources. In connection with this, there is already a question regarding the possibility of legal support for the post-war recovery of Ukraine, the methods and successful global examples, due to which this happened in other countries.
It is indicated that the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine will be a huge project. None of the strategies presented to date can describe in detail every area and policy needed for success. Obviously, there are many possible ways to rebuild. Therefore, in our opinion, it is extremely important that the national legislator, with the participation of Ukrainian society, decide which path to choose.
When discussing future political and legal documents, the Ukrainian state authorities and our allies must take into account the extent of the damage caused by the Russian troops, pre-war challenges, goals and tools necessary to achieve these goals.
Ultimately, it is noted that in order to restore the national economy after the end of the war, it is necessary not only to ensure peace (primarily on the territory of Ukraine, which is also the direct responsibility of our partners), but also to avoid the resumption of military operations on our territory, as this could would undermine any post­war reconstruction efforts. In order to maintain the support of the international community (whose need only grows every month), it is necessary to adhere to democratic principles in domestic and foreign state policy. That is why future scientific research should focus on the development of practical recommendations to increase the effectiveness of law-making in the field of managing the Ukrainian economy and ensuring national security.
The Spread of the System of State Power of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to Galicia
Authors: Moriak-Protopopova Kh.M.
Published: August 2024

Galicia became a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after the first partition of the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth and remained within its borders for almost a century and a half. The new territory, which was densely populated by representatives of the Ukrainian and Polish peoples, formed a single administrative-territorial unit.
The economic situation of the region and the status of the population, primarily peasants, could not be considered satisfactory, although it slightly improved during the period of enlightened absolutism. After the revolution, the state apparatus of the empire was modernized, the secret council and the court chancellery were abolished. The central government was further formed by ministries. Later, the country embarked on the path of constitutional development, a basic law of the state was adopted, censorship and serfdom were abolished.
The development of the Austrian state from absolute monarchy to a monarchy with certain elements of constitutionalism occurred gradually. Each stage was characterized by partial changes in legislation, the political course of the country, and changes in the state apparatus of the country. All these changes to some extent influenced the situation of the Ukrainian population of Galicia.
This time coincided with the European «Springtime of Nations.» The coincidence of historical circumstances allowed a part of the Ukrainian people, under relatively comfortable conditions (compared to the part of the Ukrainian people living in the territories that were part of the Russian Empire), to raise not only social, economic, and political issues but also national issues in the conditions of the revolutionary movement. Austria, remaining an absolute monarchy, carried out a series of liberal reforms, including the abolition of personal dependence of peasants from landlords (end of the 18th century) and later serfdom (mid-19th century), and guaranteed certain basic freedoms to citizens: personal (such as personal inviolability), political (voting rights), and so on.
The method of building management bodies, the model of resolving social conflicts in the Austro- Hungarian monarchy influenced the development of the Ukrainian idea in Galicia, contributed to the education of a national elite, which actively participated in the development of a modern Ukrainian state and rights at the beginning of the 20th century.
Key trends in the development of EU agricultural legislation: a general overview
Authors: Kopytsia M.
Published: August 2024

The study is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of EU agricultural legislation, its complex structure and evolution, primarily through the prism of Ukraine’s European integration efforts. It is argued that the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a key legislative document that promotes sustainable agricultural development, environmental protection, and rural development. The article examines the key components of EU agricultural law, its dynamic relationship with social needs and the political agenda of the entire European society. For the period up to 2027, the CAP, which is currently being reformed, is aimed at prioritising environmental sustainability and regional adaptability. It is noted that this strategic shift promotes the introduction of individual approaches to the implementation of agricultural policy, emphasising coherence and efficiency in various European agricultural ecosystems. A central element of this initiative is the allocation of significant EU funds for environmental and climate goals, in line with the overarching Green Deal strategy. The analysis of legislative trends demonstrated the Union’s differentiated approach to the development of a unified agricultural policy. The author argues that environmental and climate initiatives, organic agriculture, and animal welfare measures underline the EU’s commitment to biodiversity conservation, soil quality improvement, and minimising the effects of climate change. Rural development initiatives promote investment in infrastructure and the socio-economic resilience of rural communities. In addition, it is emphasised that strategic actions targeting market support, combating unfair trade and ensuring product quality underline the EU’s commitment to maintaining market stability, transparency and increasing consumer confidence in European products. The comprehensive review identifies the main trends shaping EU agricultural policy, including an increased focus on environmental sustainability, rural diversification, social ethics, and food safety. This reflects the EU’s integrated approach to agricultural governance, which combines economic imperatives with environmental and social considerations. In turn, this will serve as a valuable resource for the national legal system in terms of making informed decisions and aligning national policies with the European acquis.
Appealing decisions, actions or inaction of notaries on the provision of public services and its content
Authors: Kondratiev Ye.Ye.
Published: August 2024

The scientific article is devoted to highlighting the state of scientific development of appeals of decisions, actions or inaction of a notary public service provider. Approaches to understanding the categories of public services and challenging decisions, actions or inaction of a notary public are considered. It was concluded that, based on scientific developments, we will distinguish signs of appeal of decisions, actions or inaction of a notary public service provider: the subject of the appeal is legal relations during notarial activity; direct initiative (application) of individuals and legal entities; the imperative of legal regulation; implementation according to the relevant administrative procedure; the result of an appeal against decisions, actions or inaction of a notary on the provision of administrative services is an individual act of a standard form or an administrative act.
Appealing the decisions, actions or inaction of a notary public service provider should be understood as the procedure for applying for the protection of one’s rights and interests protected by law aimed at consideration and resolution by the court of cases related to notarial acts performed or refusal to perform them, notarial acts.
Attention is drawn to the fact that appeals against decisions, actions or inaction of public administration bodies for the provision of administrative services are carried out according to the appropriate procedure. For example, if the appeal of the service is carried out in an administrative (out-of-court) procedure, then the claimant can appeal the service only within the authority that issued the service or to a higher division.
At the same time, the analysis of scientific publications, monographic studies, practical recommendations, as well as the results of appeals against decisions, actions or inactions of notaries public services in Ukraine show that a comprehensive scientific approach is needed to study the features of appeals against decisions, actions or inactions of notaries public services services in Ukraine.
Unfair competition in the context of unfair advertising
Authors: Nechyporenko S.
Published: August 2024

The article deals with issues of unfair competition. Practical cases of using unfair advertising are analyzed. It has been proven that unfair competition is any action in competition that contradicts trade and other fair customs in economic activity. The ratio of unfair and fair competition is considered. Thus, unfair competition is a violation of the norms of various legislation, rules and customs of conducting business, trade relations, economic activity, entrepreneurship, etc. In turn, fair competition provides the most comfortable and favorable conditions for the business entity’s work. In modern business, not all entrepreneurs work honestly, using different methods.
A comparative analysis of unfair competition and unfair advertising as advertising that misleads or may mislead consumers of advertising, cause harm to individuals, the state or society due to inaccuracy, unreliability, ambiguity, exaggeration, silence, violation of requirements regarding time, place and method of distribution was carried out; comparative advertising - advertising containing comparisons with other persons and/or goods (activities) of another person, directly or indirectly identifying a competitor or goods or services offered by a competitor.
It has been proven that unfair competition can be in the actions of both entrepreneurs and subjects of non-commercial economic activity, budget institutions, etc.
By and large, unfair competition is any action that hinders the activities of other economic entities and/or gives an unfair advantage to competitors, which creates obstacles for the activities of other entities; it can be a conspiracy, and «black» PR, and comparative or dishonest advertising. Dissemination of information that may influence a consumer’s decision to purchase a particular product or order a service, while such information causes a negative consumer reaction to a specific entity that sells such a product or service, may be unfair competition. Such actions are very likely to cause at least reputational damage to one or several subjects of economic activity. At the same time, such damage, cause-and-effect relationship between actions and damage should be proved.
Updating the principles of state financial control in the sphere of budget funds circulation in Ukraine
Authors: Pyrih A.
Published: August 2024

This scientific article is dedicated to the principles of state financial control in the sphere of budget funds circulation in Ukraine. It reveals such general concepts: principles of state financial control, content of the principles of state financial control, general principles, special principles.
The purpose of the scientific article is to study the principles of state financial control in the sphere of budget funds circulation in Ukraine and their systematization, based on their legal regulation.
The article emphasizes that state financial control in the sphere of budget funds circulation, like any activity, is carried out in compliance with certain initial provisions, basic requirements, rules and standards that apply to all processes that occur during such activity - principles.
In the course of the study, the author’s interpretation of the principles of state financial control in the sphere of budget funds circulation as the basic rules according to which the measures of state financial control are carried out, which is carried out by authorized subjects with the aim of ensuring legal, effective, economical and resultative formation, distribution, management and use of state (local) resources by the controlled institution.
It is noted that the principles not only allow to understand the basic rules of state financial control, but also give the opportunity to reveal its essence, contribute to the identification of gaps in the industry legislation and the elimination of collisions in the relevant regulatory legal acts.
Considered and generalized existing scientific views on the classification of principles of state financial control.
The need for systematization of the principles of state financial control, based on their legal regulation, into general and special is argued.
The author concluded that the general principles of state financial control in the sphere of budget funds circulation in Ukraine include the principles of: legality, respect for the rights and freedoms of any subjects, competence, optimal combination of powers (representatives of the state), efficiency, promptness; to special - continuity, ensuring the unity of state policy, openness, transparency, publicity and taking into account public opinion, expediency, single leadership, political impartiality and independence; confidentiality; completeness and continuity of checks, compensation for damages and responsibility of guilty officials for committed violations, objectivity, impartiality, balance, economy.
Legitimacy as the basis of public administration
Authors: Chubai A.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the study of legality and discipline as one of the central principles of modern legal systems, the law of the European Union, where Ukraine is also trying to integrate. The activity of public administration bodies is not an exception in the defined sphere, because interaction with the population inevitably requires strict observance of positive law, but that is not all. A necessary element for the harmonious functioning of society and their orderliness is the observance of certain basic precepts of natural law, which wraps social relations with the spindle of its foundations and principles. At most, public administration is a type of state administration - a service that manifests itself in power-administrative activity. This type of work is a kind of «source of increased legal significance». It is substantiated that this term de jure, if it may look like an inappropriate epithet, de facto reveals the content of the issue and illuminates the actual state of affairs. The issuance of administrative decisions affects the legal fate of a specific individual or collective subject of the legal system. It was found that «service» and «services» provided at the expense of taxpayers are the terms that are intended to most fully reflect the essence of the activity of public administration bodies today, they are its key words. Simplify the lives of citizens, ensure the realization of personal property and non-property rights of a person in the field of housing, social, medical, educational issues, etc., coordinate and automate this work, guarantee permanent protection and protection of rights, balance between rights and responsibilities in society, ensure harmonious life individual social groups. At the same time, one should not forget the fact that the bodies of public administration on behalf of the state are endowed with exclusive competence, a kind of monopoly on the execution of certain actions, which is indicated by the above­mentioned emphasis on power-administrative activities in general and the mention of «increased legal significance » in particular.
Constitutional control of the judicial law in criminal proceedings: realities and prospects
Authors: Tagiev S.
Published: August 2024

The article contains the main definitions of constitutional control proposed by national researchers of constitutional law. Attention is drawn to the importance of constitutional control for law in general and for criminal proceedings in particular. In particular, the author points out that due to the gradual introduction of legal opinions and legal positions of the Supreme Court (hereinafter - SC) in criminal proceedings as binding prescriptions both during pre-trial investigation and court consideration of criminal proceedings, there is a need to study and introduce special mechanisms for checking their compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine.
With the aim of studying constitutional control over decisions of cassation courts of general jurisdiction as one of the options for supreme courts to comply with the rule of law, ensure the right to a fair trial and achieve legal certainty in criminal proceedings, the author made an analytical and comparative study of the legislation of such countries as Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Great Britain, Germany, Poland and the USA.
Based on the analysis, the countries were divided into several groups depending on those where constitutional courts have been established and those where they are absent but constitutional jurisdiction exists, and within these groups the main models of constitutional control were identified: 1) constitutional control over decisions of supreme courts is not provided for by law, 2) constitutional control over final court decisions is directly defined by the country’s fundamental law, 3) the cassation court checks the constitutionality of judicial precedent, both established by lower courts and by itself.
The author analyses each model of consti­tutional control in terms of its strengths and weaknesses. The author concludes that each model has both its advantages and disadvantages. The ideal constitutional control of the judicial law, which would ensure that the supreme courts make balanced, objective and reasoned decisions aimed at achieving the unity of judicial practice and the rule of law, can be determined only if it is based on such criteria as functionality and efficiency.
Intermediate Decisions on the Application of Measures Criminal Procedural Coercion in Special Order of the Trial
Authors: Konstantinova Viktoria
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of intermediate court decisions on the application of measures of criminal procedural coercion in the framework of a special procedure of judicial proceedings. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of these decisions, the presence or absence of competition of grounds for the application of measures of criminal procedural coercion and the grounds (conditions) for considering the case in a special judicial procedure. Methodology. The conclusions and recommendations contained in the work are formulated through the integrated application of comparative legal, formal legal, systemic structural and specific sociological methods. Results. The paper defines the features of intermediate decisions on the application of measures of criminal procedural coercion, due to the "conflict-free" simplified procedure of judicial proceedings. Proposals are formulated to improve the criminal procedure law in the field under study. Conclusion. The goal set in the work has been achieved, the problems of making intermediate decisions on the application of measures of criminal procedural coercion in a special procedure of judicial proceedings have been considered. The results obtained can be used to further study the features of intermediate decision-making in simplified court proceedings.
Unitatea de infracţiune şi persoana juridică. Condiţii specifice
Authors: Herinean Dorel
Published: August 2024

Condițiile unității de infracțiune au fost create pentru persoanele fizice ca subiect al răspunderii penale, dar acestea trebuie verificate inclusiv în cazul infracțiunilor comise de persoanele juridice, atunci când sunt implicate în activitatea infracțională. Din această perspectivă, prezenta lucrare conține o analiză selectivă a unora dintre acele condiții care ridică probleme deosebite atunci când persoana juridică este autorul unei infracțiuni sau în cazul cărora soluția este diferită de ipoteza unor persoane fizice. Vom analiza atât condițiile comune unora dintre formele de unitate de infracțiune, cum sunt unitatea de subiect activ și omogenitatea juridică, dar și unele specifice, precum condiția unității de acțiune cerută de unitatea naturală colectivă, unitatea de rezoluție care trebuie să caracterizeze infracțiunea continuată și modalitatea în care poate fi răsfrânsă întreaga activitate infracțională continuată în cazul persoanelor juridice și, nu în ultimul rând, condițiile specifice infracțiunii de obicei.
Nebulous Utopias. From “Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer” to “China Dream”. The Use of Catchwords and Slogans in Constructing Imaginary Utopian/Dystopian Communities
Authors:   University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (artur.blaim@ug.edu.pl), Blaim Artur
Published: August 2024

In Richard III, Act 3, young Prince Edward’s insistent questiThe paper offers a preliminary study of a phenomenon that could be termed nebulous utopia, an attempt to project an image of the ideal state based on the use of
catchwords and slogans. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, their extensive use, originally limited mainly to totalitarian states and war propaganda, has become the dominant rhetorical device employed by a wide range of both left-wing and right-wing populist movements aimed at winning popular support by appealing to a set of vaguely defined general values and objectives. ons about the origins of the Tower of London bring the issue of historical transmission to the foreground. Furthermore, the survival of truth across time is thematised throughout the first tetralogy. References to fame recur obsessively in the three parts of Henry VI, while in Richard III, Shakespeare subtly plays with a historical and historiographical tradition that is much indebted to memorial transmission. In this play, historical distortion is materialised in the deformed body of its protagonist, who becomes the emblem of a past reinterpreted and rewritten in the light of present interests. The article will show how, on the one hand, the dramatist goes beyond what already was a “vituperative history” and brings the so-called Tudor myth to its apex while, on the other hand, undermining this same myth.
Some New Terms in Dystopian Studies
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland (borial2003@gmail.com), Lanin Boris
Published: August 2024

This article brings two terms of political sciences, “state of exception” and “clash of civilizations” to dystopian studies. These terms help us to understand the hybrid nature of the dystopian genre. Almost in every Russian postcommunist dystopia we meet various kinds of state of exception. The concept of “clash of civilizations” convincingly describes many aspects of Slavic-Muslim dialogue in Russian dystopia. Russian military invasion of Ukraine had been predicted in dystopian novels the decades before it happened. The prophetic nature of the dystopian genre dictates the necessity of new analytical tools.
Human Capital and its Training through Extracurricular Activities
Authors:   UBB Center from Reșița, Tănase Florența-Diana , Martin Mihaela ,   UBB Center from Reșița
Published: August 2024

Studying public administration offers students a diverse range of opportunities to create a significant influence in different sectors of society. Public administration, being an interdisciplinary and applied area, plays a crucial role in advancing and embodying of extracurricular activities, offering a valuable array of practical instruments. This article focuses on a narrative approch of the role of extracurricular activities in training human resources from public administration.
Improving the efficiency of soft electron ionization by using the oscillatory movement of electrons
Authors: Huang Ze-Jian , Jiang You , Dai Xin-Hua , Zhou Ming-Fei , Fang Xiang
Published: August 2024

In process analytical chemistry, mass spectrometry analysis using a soft electron ionization (EI) source has qualitative advantages. However, the relatively small ionization cross-section of soft EI leads to lower sensitivity. To address this issue, a novel method has been developed to enhance the sensitivity of soft EI by utilizing a dual electron repeller and an ionization chamber to form a U-shaped electric field, causing electrons to oscillate within the field and effectively increasing the electron collision cross-sectional area. By combining with an electron lens, the virtual cathode effect at low electron energy can be reduced or even eliminated, thereby improving ionization efficiency. This method has resulted in a significant increase in signal intensity for m/z 18(H2O), with a factor of 4.2 at an electron energy of 25 eV and a factor of 3.75 at 20 eV, compared to the electron receiving mode. Additionally, it reduces the required emission current, which is beneficial for prolonging the life of the filament. The proposed technique is expected to expand the application of soft EI, particularly for rapid online analysis in process analytical chemistry such as catalyst research and chemical reaction process monitoring.
Glucocorticoid use and parenteral nutrition are risk factors for catheter-related Candida bloodstream infection: a retrospective study
Authors: Huang Lipeng , Li Shanshan , Jiang Ronglin , Lei Shu , Wu Jiannong , Huang Liquan , Zhu Meifei
Published: August 2024

Background

Catheter-related candidemia (CRC) is a serious catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) caused by Candida spp., with higher mortality than CRBSIs caused by other organisms.

Objective

To identify the risk factors for Candida CRBSI. The clinical characteristics of 297 patients with CRBSI in a local hospital from January 2007 to June 2015 were collected, including 33 Candida CRBSI and 264 non-Candida CRBSI.

Method

The associations of Candida CRBSI with the clinical variables were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Multivariate analysis showed that glucocorticoid use (odds ratio [OR] = 10.313, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.032–52.330, P = 0.005) and parenteral nutrition (OR = 5.400, 95% CI = 0.472–61.752, P = 0.0175) were independent risk factors for Candida CRBSI. The most prevalent species were Candida tropicalis (42.4%) and Candida albicans (36.36%). Of the 33 Candida CRBSI cases, 31 (93.93%) had indwelling central venous catheters (CVC) for ≥14 d. The mortality of Candida CRBSI was remarkably higher than that of bacteria CRBSI. Patients with timely catheter removal and appropriate antifungal treatment had dramatically increased 28-d survival compared with those with untimely catheter removal + inappropriate antifungal treatment (88.89% vs. 0, P = 0.006).

Conclusion

The study identified glucocorticoid use and parenteral nutrition as independent risk factors for Candida CRBSI. The outcome of candidemia was associated with the duration of CVC indwelling and antifungal treatment.
Disseminated gonococcal infection during two decades in the university hospital, Thailand
Authors: Wongjarit Kanphai , Ukritchon Sittichai
Published: August 2024

Background

Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae commonly presents with the classic triad of polyarthritis, tenosynovitis, and dermatitis. There is no clinical and microbiological data of DGI in Thailand.

Objective

To study the clinical features, outcomes of treatments, and antimicrobial susceptibility data of DGI patients.

Methods

All medical records of DGI patients at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH) from January 2002 through September 2019 were reviewed and analyzed. The patients were defined as definite DGI (the clinical features and the evidence of gonococcal infection) and probable DGI (clinical features with response to treatment with third-generation cephalosporins and with no evidence of gonococcal infection).

Results

There were 41 patients (27 definite and 14 probable DGI), with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.4 and median age of 30 years. The middle-age and elderly group accounted for 20% of the patients. The clinical features were fever (90.27%), arthritis (92.7%), tenosynovitis (63.4%), and genitourinary symptoms (29.3%). The most common pattern of joint involvement was oligoarthritis (52.6%). The majority of the patients had good clinical outcomes, while complications occurred in 4.8% of the patients including osteomyelitis and pyomyositis. All 19 antimicrobial-susceptibility results were susceptible to ceftriaxone.

Conclusions

During the past 2 decades in KCMH, the age of the DGI patients tends to be older, and there is no gender difference as in the historical studies. The clinical features are still similar to the previous studies. The majority of the patients had good clinical outcomes. There is no case of ceftriaxone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae.
Mental Health and Religiosity Among Sexual Minority Students at a Christian University
Authors: Christy Danica P. , Rouse Steven V. , Krumrei-Mancuso Elisabeth J.
Published: August 2024

University students are reporting increasing levels of psychological distress and suicidality. Consistent with the minority stress model, sexual minorities (SMs) are especially vulnerable; this is often heightened at religious universities that are nonaffirming of SM identities. We studied mental health and religiosity among 211 undergraduates at a religiously diverse, LGBTQ+ permitting, yet nonaffirming, university. SMs (n = 58) reported higher rates of suicidality (Z = -4.50, p < .001, ρ=. 31) and psychological distress (t = 4.27, df = 209, p < .001, d = 0.66) than non-SMs. The correlation between intrinsic religiosity suicidality (ρ = -.16, p = .02) was not moderated by SM identity. Similarly, the correlation between intrinsic religiosity and psychological distress (ρ = -.18, p = .01) was not moderated by SM identity. Religious attendance correlated with higher rates of internalized homonegativity (ρ = .31, p = .02) and lower rates of identity superiority (ρ = -.36, p = .005) for SMs. These findings highlight the complicated relationship between SM identity and religiosity. This study underscores the importance of offering affirming religious spaces for SM individuals and providing increased psychological support for SM students at religious universities.
The Influence of Information and Communication Technologies on Consumer Freedom
Authors: Cyrino Rodrigo Reis , Fabriz Daury Cesar
Published: August 2024

Objective: This study investigates how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can restrict consumer freedom by influencing and changing their attitudes and behaviors. The aim is to understand how content personalization and algorithmic usage impact individual autonomy.
 
Theoretical Framework: The research draws on concepts from computer science, psychology, sociology, law, and ethics. It highlights key models and theories on content personalization, algorithmic manipulation, and unfair practices by major tech corporations, providing a comprehensive view of the impact of ICTs on consumer freedom.
 
Method: The methodological approach is deductive and multidisciplinary, involving an extensive literature review, case study analysis, and application of relevant theories. Methods such as document analysis and market practice investigation were used to assess the influence of ICTs on consumer autonomy.
 
Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that, although content personalization and algorithms are often viewed as beneficial, they can represent a subtle form of control and manipulation. The analysis revealed unfair practices, such as search result manipulation and data-driven consumer segmentation, which compromise consumer choice. These findings are discussed in light of the theoretical framework, addressing their implications and limitations.
 
Implications of the Research: Practical implications include the need for policies that protect consumers and promote ethical ICT usage. It is essential to regulate the use of personal data, ensure platform transparency, and foster critical digital literacy to mitigate the identified negative impacts.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the relationship between ICTs and consumer autonomy in an innovative way. The research provides new insights into the subtle control exerted by technologies, underscoring the importance of regulations and more ethical practices in the field.
PENGARUH RASIO PROFITABILITAS DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM DALAM INDEKS LQ45 PERIODE 2019-2021
Authors: Syofriyeni Nini , Sari Dewi Purnama
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio profitabilitas dan leverage terhadap harga saham dalam Indeks LQ45 periode 2019-2021. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 24 perusahaan dalam indeks LQ45 periode 2019-2021 yang dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini adalah regresi linier berganda menggunakan IBM SPSS 26. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rasio profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham. Sedangkan, rasio leverage berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham.