bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can rodent models elucidate the pathomechanisms of genetic epilepsy?
Authors: Okada Motohiro
Published: March 2021

Autosomal dominant sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy (ADSHE; previously autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, ADNFLE), originally reported in 1994, was the first distinct genetic epilepsy shown to be caused by CHNRA4 mutation. In the past two decades, we have identified several functional abnormalities of mutant ion channels and their associated transmissions using several experiments involving single‐cell and genetic animal (rodent) models. Currently, epileptologists understand that functional abnormalities underlying epileptogenesis/ictogenesis in humans and rodents are more complicated than previously believed and that the function of mutant molecules alone cannot contribute to the development of epileptogenesis/ictogenesis but play important roles in the development of epileptogenesis/ictogenesis through formation of abnormalities in various other transmission systems before epilepsy onset. Based on our recent findings using genetic rat ADSHE models, harbouring Chrna4 mutant, corresponding to human S284L‐mutant CRHNA4, this review proposes a hypothesis associated with tripartite synaptic transmission in ADSHE pathomechanisms induced by mutant ACh receptors.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue on Building Bridges in Neuropharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.8/issuetoc
High spatial resolution mapping identifies habitat characteristics of the invasive vine Antigonon leptopus on St. Eustatius (Lesser Antilles)
Authors: Haber Elizabeth A. , Santos Maria J. , Leitão Pedro J. , Schwieder Marcel , Ketner Pieter , Ernst Joris , Rietkerk Max , Wassen Martin J. , Eppinga Maarten B.
Published: March 2021

On the Caribbean island of St. Eustatius, Coralita (Antigonon leptopus) is an aggressive invasive vine posing major biodiversity conservation concerns. The generation of distribution maps can address these conservation concerns by helping to elucidate the drivers of invasion. We test the use of support vector machines to map the distribution of Coralita on St. Eustatius at high spatial resolution and use this map to identify potential landscape and geomorphological factors associated with Coralita presence. This latter step was performed by comparing the actual distribution of Coralita patches to a random distribution of patches. To train the support vector machine algorithm, we used three vegetation indices and seven texture metrics derived from a 2014 WorldView‐2 image. The resulting map shows that Coralita covered 3.18% of the island in 2014, corresponding to an area of 64 ha. The mapped distribution was highly accurate, with 93.2% overall accuracy (Coralita class producer's accuracy: 76.4%, user's accuracy: 86.2%). Using this classification map, we found that Coralita is not randomly distributed across the landscape, occurring significantly closer to roads and drainage channels, in areas with higher accumulated moisture, and on flatter slopes. Coralita was found more often than expected in grasslands, disturbed forest, and urban areas but was relatively rare in natural forest. These results highlight the ability of high spatial resolution data from sensors such as WorldView‐2 to produce accurate invasive species, providing valuable information for predicting current and future spread risks and for early detection and removal plans.

Abstract in Dutch is available with online material.
Postpartum psychiatric readmissions: A nationwide study in women with and without epilepsy
Authors: Isseroff Devora , Lin Jung‐Yi , Kwon Churl‐Su , Agarwal Parul , Mazumdar Madhu , Dhamoon Mandip , Howell Elizabeth A. , Jetté Nathalie
Published: March 2021

Objective

To assess whether epilepsy is associated with increased odds of 30‐day readmission due to psychiatric illness during the postpartum period.

Methods

The 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database and the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes were used to identify postpartum women up to 50 years old in the United States, including the subgroup with epilepsy. The primary outcome was 30‐day readmission and was categorized as (1) readmission due to psychiatric illness, (2) readmission due to all other causes, or (3) no readmission. Secondary outcome was diagnosis at readmission. The association of the primary outcome and presence of epilepsy was examined using multinomial logistic regression.

Results

Of 1 558 875 women with admissions for delivery identified, 6745 (.45%) had epilepsy. Thirteen of every 10 000 women had 30‐day psychiatric readmissions in the epilepsy group compared to one of every 10 000 in the no‐epilepsy group (p < .0001). Of every 10 000 women with epilepsy, 256 had 30‐day readmissions due to other causes compared to 115 of every 10 000 women in the no‐epilepsy group (p < .0001). The odds ratio for readmission due to psychiatric illness was 10.13 (95% confidence interval = 5.48–18.72) in those with epilepsy compared to those without. Top psychiatric causes for 30‐day readmissions among women with epilepsy were mood disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, and substance‐related disorders.

Significance

This large‐scale study demonstrated that postpartum women with epilepsy have higher odds of readmission due to a psychiatric illness compared to women without epilepsy. Postpartum treatment strategies and interventions to prevent psychiatric readmissions are necessary in this vulnerable population.
Epigenetic regulation of cellular functions in wound healing
Authors: Pastar Irena , Marjanovic Jelena , Stone Rivka C. , Chen Vivien , Burgess Jamie L. , Mervis Joshua S. , Tomic‐Canic Marjana
Published: March 2021

Stringent spatiotemporal regulation of the wound healing process involving multiple cell types is associated with epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodelling, as well as non‐coding RNAs. Here, we discuss the epigenetic changes that occur during wound healing and the rapidly expanding understanding of how these mechanisms affect healing resolution in both acute and chronic wound milieu. We provide a focussed overview of current research into epigenetic regulators that contribute to wound healing by specific cell type. We highlight the role of epigenetic regulators in the molecular pathophysiology of chronic wound conditions. The understanding of how epigenetic regulators can affect cellular functions during normal and impaired wound healing could lead to novel therapeutic approaches, and we outline questions that can provide guidance for future research on epigenetic‐based interventions to promote healing. Dissecting the dynamic interplay between cellular subtypes involved in wound healing and epigenetic parameters during barrier repair will deepen our understanding of how to improve healing outcomes in patients affected by chronic non‐healing wounds.
Have you had bleeding from your gums? Self‐report to identify giNGival inflammation (The SING diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic model development study)
Authors: Goulão Beatriz , MacLennan Graeme S. , Ramsay Craig R.
Published: March 2021

Aim

To assess the diagnostic performance of self‐reported oral health questions and develop a diagnostic model with additional risk factors to predict clinical gingival inflammation in systemically healthy adults in the United Kingdom.

Methods

Gingival inflammation was measured by trained staff and defined as bleeding on probing (present if bleeding sites ≥ 30%). Sensitivity and specificity of self‐reported questions were calculated; a diagnostic model to predict gingival inflammation was developed and its performance (calibration and discrimination) assessed.

Results

We included 2853 participants. Self‐reported questions about bleeding gums had the best performance: the highest sensitivity was 0.73 (95% CI 0.70, 0.75) for a Likert item and the highest specificity 0.89 (95% CI 0.87, 0.90) for a binary question. The final diagnostic model included self‐reported bleeding, oral health behaviour, smoking status, previous scale and polish received. Its area under the curve was 0.65 (95% CI 0.63–0.67).

Conclusion

This is the largest assessment of diagnostic performance of self‐reported oral health questions and the first diagnostic model developed to diagnose gingival inflammation. A self‐reported bleeding question or our model could be used to rule in gingival inflammation since they showed good sensitivity, but are limited in identifying healthy individuals and should be externally validated.
Etelis boweni sp. nov., a new cryptic deepwater eteline snapper from the Indo‐Pacific (Perciformes: Lutjanidae)
Authors: Andrews Kimberly R. , Fernandez‐Silva Iria , Randall John E. , Ho Hsuan‐Ching
Published: March 2021

A new species of Etelis is described based on 16 specimens collected from the Red Sea and Western Australia, with confirmed genetic records throughout the Indo‐West Pacific. It is similar to and was often misidentified as Etelis carbunculus Cuvier, with both species sharing the diagnostic character of low number of developed gill rakers. Nonetheless, the two species are genetically divergent and differ morphologically in adult body length; proportions of eye, snout, cheek and caudal fin; shape of head, opercular spine and sagittal otolith; and coloration of the tip of the upper caudal fin. Etelis boweni has a wide Indo‐west Pacific distribution that largely overlaps with E. carbunculus, and the two species are often caught on the same fishing line.
The roles of men and women in maternal and child nutrition in urban South Africa: A qualitative secondary analysis
Authors: Erzse Agnes , Goldstein Susan , Tugendhaft Aviva , Norris Shane A. , Barker Mary , Hofman Karen J. ,   for the INPreP group
Published: March 2021

Industrialization and urbanization processes have challenged deeply held traditional gender norms and facilitated the emergence of modern ideologies in South Africa. This paper seeks to explore the gendered roles of family members on maternal and child nutrition and investigate indications of perceived change in related practices. A qualitative secondary analysis was conducted of data from nine focus group discussions (FGDs) held with men (n = 3) and women (n = 6) aged ≥18. Data from the FGD were coded and thematic analysis conducted. We found that elderly women seem to have a central advisory role with respect to maternal and child nutrition and that men and elderly women upheld patriarchal gender divisions of labour, which entrust mothers with the primarily responsibility for young children's nutrition. Young mothers relied on elderly women for provision of childcare and nutritious foods for children; however, they demonstrated some resistance to traditionally feminized forms of food preparation. We found that men's involvement in children's nutrition was limited, though they expressed a preference to be more involved in maternal and child nutrition and care practices. A gender transformative approach to policy development, which includes elderly women and men, has the potential to promote more gender‐equitable nutrition practices, increase young women's self‐efficacy and support them to overcome barriers that could be limiting their decision making power in achieving optimal nutrition for themselves and their children.
Domino‐like water transport on Tillandsia through flexible trichome wings
Authors: Ha Nami , Park Jooyoung , Park Sung Ho , Seo Eunseok , Lim Jae Hong , Lee Sang Joon
Published: March 2021

Tillandsia usneoides in epiphytic bromeliads takes up water through absorptive trichomes on the shoot surface under extreme environmental conditions. Although previous studies revealed the way by which T. usneoides absorbs water and prevents water loss, its water transport remains unclear.

We characterized structures of trichome wings of T. usneoides. Wing length‐to‐thickness ratio of 136 and trichome interval (d)‐to‐wing length (l) ratio (d/l) smaller than 1 caused the water film to flatten the wings sequentially, resulting in domino‐like water transport. A hinge‐like linkage between wing and outer ring cells and the wing size longer than the elastocapillary length (LEC) brought about this unique reconfiguration, which is the flattening and recovery of wings.

Tillandsia usneoides transported water rapidly on the surface as the water film propagated on the exterior trichomes with flexible wings and the transport distance at the macroscopic scale grew as tx with x = 0.68 ± 0.04, unlike the conventional scaling of t0.5.

Empirical and theoretical investigations proved our assumption that external water transport with the domino‐like effect predominated over internal vascular transport. Biomimetic trichome wings simulated the domino‐like water transport, highlighting the important role of flexible wing arrays.
Epithelioid sarcoma: A clinicopathological study of 12 head and neck cases
Authors: Shi Chao‐ji , Xu Sheng‐ming , Li Chu‐wen , Tian Zhen , Wang Li‐zhen , Hu Yu‐hua , Xia Rong‐hui , Zhang Zhi‐yuan , Li Jiang
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To determine the clinicopathological features of epithelioid sarcoma presenting in head and neck region (HNES) and elucidate diagnostic key points and treatment options for HNES.

Materials and Methods

A total of 12 HNES cases were collected in our department from 2010 to 2020. Their clinical information and pathological features were documented, and relevant follow‐up was performed. Immunohistochemistry was carried to analyze the protein markers of HNES.

Results

Of the 12 HNES cases, 10 were primary tumors and 2 were metastasized from foot and shoulder, respectively. The patients with primary tumors were significantly younger than those with metastasized ones (22.7 vs 41.5, p = .0157), and male patients outnumbered female patients (3:1). Of all HNES cases, 9 were classic subtype, and 3 were proximal subtype. HNES patients had a poor prognosis, with 5‐year overall survival of 41.5% and 5‐year relapse‐free survival of 22.5%. A loss of INI1 was identified as the hallmark of HNES with 83.3% (10/12) of HNES cases presenting as EZH2 positive.

Conclusions

HNES is more prevalent at younger ages and in males, has a poor prognosis, and exhibits a greater proportion of classic subtype than proximal subtype. EZH2 inhibitor has therapeutic potential in HNES.
Shared microbiological and immunological patterns in periodontitis and IBD: A scoping review
Authors: Baima Giacomo , Massano Alessandro , Squillace Erminia , Caviglia Gian Paolo , Buduneli Nurcan , Ribaldone Davide G. , Aimetti Mario
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To extract the microbiological and immunological evidence underpinning the association between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

Relevant articles were sorted through a systematic search on PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science up to October 2020. Available evidence was grouped in three different clusters: (a) studies that examined oral microbial alterations in IBD patients; (b) studies that investigated intestinal dysbiosis in patients with periodontitis; and (c) evidence for a shared immunological pattern between the two conditions.

Results

A total of 15 studies involving 1,171 patients were included. Oral microbiome, either subgingival or salivary, was consistently altered in patients with IBD compared to healthy subjects (a) Additionally, gut dysbiotic microbiota of IBD patients was colonized by pathobionts from oral origin, either via haematogenous or enteric route. Suffering from periodontitis is associated with lower alpha diversity in the gut microbiome (b) Lastly, both IBD and periodontitis are characterized by similar expression patterns of inflammatory cytokines at the gingival and gut levels that are exacerbated when both diseases are present (c).

Conclusions

Periodontitis and IBD share common dysbiotic and immunological traits. Well‐designed preclinical models and longitudinal cohort studies are required to better explore the causal pathways between the two conditions (PROSPERO CRD42020194379).
Mobility‐As‐A‐Service for Resilience Delivery in Power Distribution Systems
Authors: Anokhin Dmitry , Dehghanian Payman , Lejeune Miguel A. , Su Jinshun
Published: March 2021

Inspired by the opportunities provided by the Industry 4.0 technologies for smarter, risk‐informed, safer, and resilient operation, control, and management of the lifeline critical networks, this study investigates mobility‐as‐a‐service for resilience delivery during natural disasters. Focusing on effective service restoration in power distribution systems, we introduce mobile power sources (MPSs) as the restoration technology of the future, the mobility of which can be harnessed for spatiotemporal flexibility exchange and effective response and recovery during disasters. We present automated decision‐making solutions that coordinate the MPSs utilization with repair crew (RC) schedules taking into account constraints in both energy and transportation networks. When integrated, the suggested technology aided by the proposed optimization models will have the potential to disrupt the current practice in boosting the resilience and operational endurance of the mission‐critical systems and services during disasters, ultimately resulting in an enriched social welfare and national security.
Resilience of the oral microbiome
Authors: Wade William G.
Published: March 2021

The human mouth harbors a complex microbiota, the composition of which is potentially influenced by a wide range of factors, including the intake of food and drink, the availability of endogenous nutrients, the host immune system, drug treatments, and systemic diseases. Despite these possible influences, the oral microbiota is remarkably resilient, particularly in comparison with the microbiota of the large intestine. Diet, with the exception of excessive and/or frequent consumption of fermentable carbohydrate or supplementation with nitrate, has minimal impact on the composition of the oral bacterial community. The common oral diseases dental caries and the periodontal diseases is associated with modification of the oral microbiota primarily as a result of the ecological changes induced by excessive acid production and inflammation, respectively. Systemically‐administered antimicrobials have only a small effect on the composition of the oral bacterial community, and while locally delivered antimicrobials can have some clinical benefits, the biofilm lifestyle of oral bacteria lends them substantial resistance to the agents used. Saliva plays an important role in oral microbial ecology, by supplying nutrients and providing protection against colonization by nonoral organisms. Dry mouth is one condition that has a major effect on the microbiota, resulting in increased colonization by opportunistic pathogens. Some systemic diseases do affect the oral microbiome, notably diabetes, in which raised levels of glucose in saliva and tissue impact on bacterial nutrition.
Polymicrobial communities in periodontal disease: Their quasi‐organismal nature and dialogue with the host
Authors: Hajishengallis George , Lamont Richard J.
Published: March 2021

In health, indigenous polymicrobial communities at mucosal surfaces maintain an ecological balance via both inter‐microbial and host‐microbial interactions that promote their own and the host's fitness, while preventing invasion by exogenous pathogens. However, genetic and acquired destabilizing factors (including immune deficiencies, immunoregulatory defects, smoking, diet, obesity, diabetes and other systemic diseases, and aging) may disrupt this homeostatic balance, leading to selective outgrowth of species with the potential for destructive inflammation. This process, known as dysbiosis, underlies the development of periodontitis in susceptible hosts. The pathogenic process is not linear but involves a positive‐feedback loop between dysbiosis and the host inflammatory response. The dysbiotic community is essentially a quasi‐organismal entity, where constituent organisms communicate via sophisticated physical and chemical signals and display functional specialization (eg, accessory pathogens, keystone pathogens, pathobionts), which enables polymicrobial synergy and dictates the community's pathogenic potential or nososymbiocity. In this review, we discuss early and recent studies in support of the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis model of periodontal disease pathogenesis. According to this concept, disease is not caused by individual “causative pathogens” but rather by reciprocally reinforced interactions between physically and metabolically integrated polymicrobial communities and a dysregulated host inflammatory response.
Pressure for War: When Constituents' Concerns over America's Prestige Drive Presidents' Foreign Policy
Authors: Ribar David T.
Published: March 2021

Do presidents respond to their constituents' status‐driven preferences when making foreign policy decisions? Recent work has explained how the values and beliefs that national leaders hold influence their conflict decision making but has left unexamined the role of their constituents. Taking the American South and its unique status concerns as a case study, I use data from the Correlates of War Project and the International Crisis Behavior Project to examine whether presidents' use‐of‐force decisions are related to their relative dependence on Southern constituents. Using regression methods, permutations, and a variety of other tests including an examination of the Southern realignment, I demonstrate repeatedly that presidents are responsive to the demands of their constituents when deciding whether to use military force.
Missing, Presumed different: Quantifying the risk of Attrition Bias in Education Evaluations
Authors: Weidmann Ben , Miratrix Luke
Published: March 2021

We estimate the magnitude of attrition bias for 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in education. We make use of a unique feature of administrative school data in England that allows us to analyse post-test academic outcomes for nearly all students, including those who originally dropped out of the RCTs we analyse. We find that the typical magnitude of attrition bias is 0.015 effect size units (ES), with no estimate greater than 0.034 ES. This suggests that, in practice, the risk of attrition bias is limited. However, this risk should not be ignored as we find some evidence against the common ‘Missing At Random’ assumption. Attrition appears to be more problematic for treated units. We recommend that researchers incorporate uncertainty due to attrition bias, as well as performing sensitivity analyses based on the types of attrition mechanisms that are observed in practice.
University Geography in China: History, opportunities, and challenges
Authors: Qian Junxi , Zhang Han
Published: March 2021

This Themed‐Intervention commentary provides a brief overview of the history of Geography as a modern academic discipline in China, its development in the reform era (1979–), and the distinctive conventions and norms that distinguish it from paradigms and practices of geography in the Anglophone academia. We identify two tensions: between sciences and social sciences orientations, and between applied knowledge and critical/reflexive knowlegde. These tensions are both internal to Geography in China, and exist between Chinese and Anglophone Geography, the latter as embodied in major international journals. Mindful of these tensions, this commentary develops reflections over geography education in China and the challenges faced by academic dialogues between Chinese and Anglophone geographers.
Indications for use and complications associated with canine plasma products in 170 patients
Authors: Elias Santo‐Domingo Neus , Lewis Daniel H.
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To describe a population of dogs receiving canine plasma products (PP), report the incidence of transfusion reactions (TR), and to identify whether this is higher when non–type‐matched plasma is administered.

Design

Retrospective study conducted on dogs receiving canine PP between March 2016 and January 2018.

Setting

Private referral hospital with first opinion emergency clinic.

Animals

One hundred and ninety‐four privately owned dogs identified from the clinic electronic medical record system that received at least 1 unit of canine PP during the study period; 25 patients were excluded due to incomplete records.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and main results

A search of computerized records was performed, identifying any patients that received canine PP between 2016 and 2018; clinical notes were examined to identify the number and type of TR associated. One hundred and sixty‐nine cases were included in the study, receiving a total of 412 PP transfusions. Reactions were noted in 4% (17/412) of transfusions administered, with the vast majority being mild in nature.

Of the TR identified, a greater proportion were in type‐matched PP transfusions than non–type‐matched, although this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.7989). The number of dogs suffering a TR was higher (13%) when multiple units of plasma were administered than if only 1 unit was transfused (5%), but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.1161). Transfusion reactions were more likely to occur when packed red blood cells were also administered, although this was also not statistically significant (P = 0.07).

Conclusion

Administration of canine plasma products appears to be a safe procedure that carries a low risk of transfusion reactions. Type‐matching of canine PP appears unnecessary and does not reduce incidence of TR in dogs.
Theoretical Analysis of Perforated Shear Webs
Authors: Wang Chu-Kia
Published: March 2021

This paper presents theoretical studies on perforated shear webs. The procedures provide for the analysis of the plane-stress condition in an infinitely long plate of finite width with a plain circular hole and in a rectangular or square plate with a circular hole, which may be plain, or reinforced with rim, or ring, or both. Numerical results are obtained for infinitely long and square plates with plain holes of different sizes, and in the case of square plates, also with various ways of reinforcing.
A Study of Flow of Plastics Through Pipes
Authors: Binder R. C. , Busher J. E.
Published: March 2021

The pipe friction coefficient for true fluids is usually expressed as a function of Reynolds number. This method of organizing data has been extended to tests on the flow of different suspensions which behaved as ideal plastics in the laminar-flow range and as true fluids in the turbulent-flow range. In the laminar-flow range, Reynolds number below about 2100, the denominator in Reynolds number is taken as the apparent viscosity. The apparent viscosity can be determined from the yield value and the coefficient of rigidity. In the turbulent-flow range, the denominator in Reynolds number is an equivalent or turbulent viscosity equal to the dynamic viscosity of a true fluid having the same friction coefficient, velocity, diameter, and density as that of the plastic. The various experimental data on plastics correlate well with this extension of the method for true fluids.
Sliding Friction Under Extreme Pressures—1
Authors: Dokos S. J.
Published: March 2021

The program of this investigation on sliding friction is concerned with the evaluation of the frictional forces which occur under very high contact pressures and under varying conditions of speed, temperature, and lubrication. The work presented herein covers the experiments which have been made on sliding friction at normal temperatures. Further experiments on boundary lubrication at normal temperatures and sliding friction at elevated temperatures will be reported in a second paper.

This report indicates the behavior of sliding friction when large normal loads react between surfaces in contact over a wide range of sliding velocities. At velocities less than one inch per second magnified photographs of the ruptured surfaces indicate clearly this phenomenon of stick-slip. From the experimental records obtained it was possible to show that a functional relation exists between the following variables: (1) The sliding velocity, (2) the normal load, and, (3) the frequency of stick-slip. New experimental evidence is presented indicating that the natural frequency of the apparatus involved influences the phenomenon of stick-slip.
An Empirical Approach to the Fatigue-Strength Analysis of Structures
Authors: Foster Henry W. , Seliger Victor
Published: March 2021

A method of fatigue-strength analysis for fabricated structures, based on laboratory fatigue-test data, is proposed in this paper. To this end the nature of structural fatigue strength is discussed with the view of defining the necessary correlating assumptions and the type of experimental data needed.

An example of this method is presented for structures fabricated from Alclad 24S-T aluminum alloy and analysis results are compared with actual test results.
Flat Spring With Large Deflections
Authors: Hymans F.
Published: March 2021

This paper gives an analysis of a flat spring initially curved and inserted in the apparatus of which it is an element in a buckled condition. The unstressed spring is shaped in the arc of a circle, and it is shown that then, and only then, the problem may be reduced to that of an initially straight bar by adding to the actually impressed force a couple which, if acting alone, produces the initial curved shape. On this basis the paper ascertains the various possible shapes of the buckled spring and the forces associated with them. It is shown that these must have at least one point of inflection of the elastic line. More particularly, there are two shapes, each with a single point of inflection, yet differing widely in their properties. In one of them there is a range of instability while the other is stable throughout. Finally, it is shown how by a suitable variation of parameter shapes two or more points of inflection may be obtained.
The Influence of Different Training Load Quantification Methods on the Fitness-Fatigue Model
Authors: Vermeire Kobe M. , Van de Casteele Freek , Gosseries Maxim , Bourgois Jan G. , Ghijs Michael , Boone Jan
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Numerous methods exist to quantify training load (TL). However, the relationship with performance is not fully understood. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the existing TL quantification methods on performance modeling and the outcome parameters of the fitness-fatigue model. Methods: During a period of 8 weeks, 9 subjects performed 3 interval training sessions per week. Performance was monitored weekly by means of a 3-km time trial on a cycle ergometer. After this training period, subjects stopped training for 3 weeks but still performed a weekly time trial. For all training sessions, Banister training impulse (TRIMP), Lucia TRIMP, Edwards TRIMP, training stress score, and session rating of perceived exertion were calculated. The fitness-fatigue model was fitted for all subjects and for all TL methods. Results: The error in relating TL to performance was similar for all methods (Banister TRIMP: 618 [422], Lucia TRIMP: 625 [436], Edwards TRIMP: 643 [465], training stress score: 639 [448], session rating of perceived exertion: 558 [395], and kilojoules: 596 [505]). However, the TL methods evolved differently over time, which was reflected in the differences between the methods in the calculation of the day before performance on which training has the biggest positive influence (range of 19.6 d). Conclusions: The authors concluded that TL methods cannot be used interchangeably because they evolve differently.
Running Performance Is Correlated With Creatine Kinase Levels and Muscle Soreness During an Olympic Games in Hockey
Authors: McMahon Gerard E. , Sharp Lee-Ann , Kennedy Rodney A.
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To compare the global positioning system– and accelerometry-derived running demands, creatine kinase (CK), and self-reported wellness during an Olympic Games in international hockey. Methods: Data were collected across 5 games during the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. Global positioning system units (10 Hz) were used to assess the running demands, accelerations, and decelerations of outfield players in a men’s hockey squad with matches 2 to 5 compared with match 1. CK was used as a marker of muscle damage, and self-reported psychometric questionnaires were used to assess wellness, with each of the 5 matches compared with precompetition assessments. Results: There were significant increases (P < .05) in either, or both, absolute and relative total distance, player load, high-speed running distance, sprint distance, and accelerations and decelerations, compared with baseline. There was a significant decrease (P < .05) in maximal velocity by match 5. CK significantly increased from match 1 to 5 and displayed significant correlations with total distance (r = .55) and player load (r = .41). Muscle soreness correlated with total distance and player load, with other wellness markers unchanged compared with baseline. Conclusions: International hockey athletes may maintain or increase running activities over the course of an Olympic tournament; however, this may be impacted by situational (match score/outcome) and environmental (ambient temperature) factors. Despite CK and muscle soreness displaying relationships with running variables, further work is needed to establish their individual value in monitoring international hockey athletes.
Effect of Foot Orthoses on Running Economy and Foot Longitudinal Arch Motion in Runners With Flat-Arched Feet
Authors: Crago Daniel , Arnold John B. , Bishop Christopher
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To determine the effect of manipulating foot longitudinal arch motion with different-stiffness foot orthoses on running economy (RE) in runners with flat-arched feet and if changes in arch deformation and recoil were associated with changes in RE. Methods: Twenty-three recreational distance runners performed 5-minute submaximal treadmill runs at 12 km·h−1, in the following 3 conditions in a randomized order: (1) footwear only, (2) flexible orthoses (reduced arch thickness), and (3) standard orthoses. The RE (submaximal steady-state oxygen consumption [VO2submax]) and sagittal arch range of motion were compared among conditions using a repeated-measures analysis of variance and effect sizes (Cohen d). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the association between the change in the sagittal arch range of motion and VO2submax. Results: Compared with standard orthoses, the mean VO2submax was significantly lower in both the flexible orthoses (−0.8 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < .001, d = 0.35) and footwear-only conditions (−1.2 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < .001, d = 0.49). The change in VO2submax between the flexible orthoses and footwear-only conditions was significantly positively correlated with the change in sagittal arch range of motion (r = .591, P = .005). Conclusion: Conventional foot orthoses were associated with poorer RE compared with flexible orthoses and footwear alone. Changes in arch deformation were positively correlated to changes in oxygen consumption, indicating that foot orthoses that limit arch deformation and recoil degrade RE. Foot orthoses that facilitate energy storage and release in the foot longitudinal arch may be advisable for athletes prescribed these devices for clinical purposes to maintain optimal running performance.
Misinformation tactics protect rare birds from problem predators
Authors: Norbury Grant L. , Price Catherine J. , Latham M. Cecilia , Brown Samantha J. , Latham A. David M. , Brownstein Gretchen E. , Ricardo Hayley C. , McArthur Nikki J. , Banks Peter B.
Published: March 2021

We show that olfactory misinformation increases nest survival of rare birds as effectively as lethal control of predators.
Coordination-induced polymerization of P═C bonds leads to regular (P─C)

n

polycarbophosphanes
Authors: Mei Yanbo , Gamboa-Carballo Juan José , Bao Yinyin , Wu Na , Le Corre Grégoire , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: March 2021

2-Phosphanaphthalenes can be reversibly polymerized to give polycarbophosphanes as a new type of metal-coordinating polymer.
Long-lasting analgesia via targeted in situ repression of Na
V
1.7 in mice
Authors: Moreno Ana M. , Alemán Fernando , Catroli Glaucilene F. , Hunt Matthew , Hu Michael , Dailamy Amir , Pla Andrew , Woller Sarah A. , Palmer Nathan , Parekh Udit , McDonald Daniella , Roberts Amanda J. , Goodwill Vanessa , Dryden Ian , Hevner Robert F. , Delay Lauriane , Gonçalves dos Santos Gilson , Yaksh Tony L. , Mali Prashant
Published: March 2021

In situ genome targeting of Na
V
1.7 via CRISPRs and zinc fingers enables genomically scarless, durable, and nonaddictive management of pain.
Small extracellular vesicles containing miR-486-5p promote angiogenesis after myocardial infarction in mice and nonhuman primates
Authors: Li Qingju , Xu Yinchuan , Lv Kaiqi , Wang Yingchao , Zhong Zhiwei , Xiao Changchen , Zhu Keyang , Ni Cheng , Wang Kan , Kong Minjian , Li Xuebiao , Fan Youqi , Zhang Fengjiang , Chen Qi , Li Yi , Li Qian , Liu Chengjia , Zhu Jinyun , Zhong Shuhan , Wang Jingyi , Chen Yongjian , Zhao Jing , Zhu Dan , Wu Rongrong , Chen Jinghai , Zhu Wei , Yu Hong , Ardehali Reza , Zhang Jianyi(Jay) , Wang Jian’an , Hu Xinyang
Published: March 2021

Extracellular vesicles containing miR-486-5p augment angiogenesis after MI in mice and nonhuman primates by targeting fibroblastic
Mmp19
.
A first-in-human phase 0 clinical study of RNA interference–based spherical nucleic acids in patients with recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Kumthekar Priya , Ko Caroline H. , Paunesku Tatjana , Dixit Karan , Sonabend Adam M. , Bloch Orin , Tate Matthew , Schwartz Margaret , Zuckerman Laura , Lezon Ray , Lukas Rimas V. , Jovanovic Borko , McCortney Kathleen , Colman Howard , Chen Si , Lai Barry , Antipova Olga , Deng Junjing , Li Luxi , Tommasini-Ghelfi Serena , Hurley Lisa A. , Unruh Dusten , Sharma Nitya V. , Kandpal Manoj , Kouri Fotini M. , Davuluri Ramana V. , Brat Daniel J. , Muzzio Miguel , Glass Mitchell , Vijayakumar Vinod , Heidel Jeremy , Giles Francis J. , Adams Ann K. , James C. David , Woloschak Gayle E. , Horbinski Craig , Stegh Alexander H.
Published: March 2021

RNA interference–based spherical nucleic acid nanoconjugates are a potentially safe and brain-penetrant approach for glioblastoma treatment.
Epidemiological dynamics of enterovirus D68 in the United States and implications for acute flaccid myelitis
Authors: Park Sang Woo , Pons-Salort Margarita , Messacar Kevin , Cook Camille , Meyers Lindsay , Farrar Jeremy , Grenfell Bryan T.
Published: March 2021

Mathematical modeling predicts an enterovirus D68, and therefore acute flaccid myelitis, outbreak in the absence of nonpharmaceutical interventions in 2020.
Prosaposin mediates inflammation in atherosclerosis
Authors: van Leent Mandy M. T. , Beldman Thijs J. , Toner Yohana C. , Lameijer Marnix A. , Rother Nils , Bekkering Siroon , Teunissen Abraham J. P. , Zhou Xianxiao , van der Meel Roy , Malkus Joost , Nauta Sheqouia A. , Klein Emma D. , Fay Francois , Sanchez-Gaytan Brenda L. , Pérez-Medina Carlos , Kluza Ewelina , Ye Yu-Xiang , Wojtkiewicz Gregory , Fisher Edward A. , Swirski Filip K. , Nahrendorf Matthias , Zhang Bin , Li Yang , Zhang Bowen , Joosten Leo A. B. , Pasterkamp Gerard , Boltjes Arjan , Fayad Zahi A. , Lutgens Esther , Netea Mihai G. , Riksen Niels P. , Mulder Willem J. M. , Duivenvoorden Raphaël
Published: March 2021

Prosaposin mediates inflammation in experimental and human atherosclerosis and is associated with cellular metabolism and mTOR signaling.
Academic careers and the COVID-19 pandemic: Reversing the tide
Authors: Carr Rotonya M. , Lane-Fall Meghan B. , South Eugenia , Brady Donita , Momplaisir Florence , Guerra Carmen E. , Montoya-Williams Diana , Dalembert George , Lavizzo-Mourey Risa , Hamilton Roy
Published: March 2021

The pandemic has affected research operations and disproportionately affected underrepresented minority researchers, requiring concrete strategies to reverse these losses.
Susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Palmer Mitchell V. , Martins Mathias , Falkenberg Shollie , Buckley Alexandra , Caserta Leonardo C. , Mitchell Patrick K. , Cassmann Eric D. , Rollins Alicia , Zylich Nancy C. , Renshaw Randall W. , Guarino Cassandra , Wagner Bettina , Lager Kelly , Diel Diego G.
Published: March 2021

Given the presumed zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2, the human-animal-environment interface of the COVID-19 pandemic is an area of great scientific and public and animal health interest. Identification of animal species that are susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2 may help to elucidate the potential origin of the virus, identify potential reservoirs or intermediate hosts, and define the mechanisms underlying cross-species transmission to humans.
Genome Sequences for Two Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Obtained Using the Unicycler Hybrid Assembly Pipeline
Authors: Farrow John M. , Pesci Everett C. , Slade Daniel J.
Published: March 2021

Here, we report a complete genome sequence for
Acinetobacter baumannii
strain ATCC 17961, with plasmid sequences, and a high-quality (>98% complete) build for
A. baumannii
strain AB09-003. These genome sequences were generated by combining short-read Illumina and long-read Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing data using the Unicycler hybrid assembly pipeline.
Draft Genome Sequences of 62 Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Associated with Four Foodborne Outbreaks in the United States
Authors: Hait Jennifer , Cao Guojie , Balkey Maria , Kastanis George , Curry Phillip , Yin Lanlan , Pettengill James , Tallent Sandra
Published: March 2021

Staphylococcus aureus
bacteria are ranked among the top five foodborne pathogens in the United States. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 62
S. aureus
isolates that originated from the manufacturing environment of an Illinois bakery and were associated with outbreaks between 2010 and 2011 in the United States.
Coding-Complete Genome Sequences and Mutation Profiles of Nine SARS-CoV-2 Strains Detected from COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Adnan Nihad , Khondoker Mohib Ullah , Rahman M. Shaminur , Ahmed M. Firoz , Sharmin Shahana , Sharif Nadim , Azmuda Nafisa , Akter Salma , Nahar Shamsun , Mou Taslin Jahan , Marzan Mahfuza , Liza Syeda Moriam , Jahan Nowshin , Ali Tamanna , Khandker Shahad Saif , Jamiruddin Maha , Chaity Mousumi Akter , Caller Laura Grace , Haq M. Ahsanul , Jamiruddin Mohd Raeed
Published: March 2021

Here, we report the coding-complete genome sequences of nine clinical severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and their mutations. The samples were collected from nine Bangladeshi coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We have identified the E484K escape mutation and the S359T mutation within the spike protein coding region of the sequenced genomes.
Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium abscessus Phage phiT45-1
Authors: Amarh Elizabeth D. , Gauthier Christian H. , Dedrick Rebekah M. , Garlena Rebecca A. , Russell Daniel A. , Jacobs-Sera Deborah , Zack Kira M. , Hatfull Graham F.
Published: March 2021

Mycobacteriophage phiT45-1 is a newly isolated bacteriophage spontaneously released from
Mycobacterium abscessus
strain Taiwan-45 that lytically infects
M. abscessus
strain BWH-C; phiT45-1 also infects
M. abscessus
ATCC 1997 but not
Mycobacterium smegmatis
. Phage phiT45-1 has a 43,407-bp genome and carries a polymorphic toxin-immunity cassette associated with type VII secretion systems.
Response to Edaphoclimatic Conditions and Crop Management of the Bacterial Microbiome of Musa acuminata Rhizosphere Profiled by 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing
Authors: De la Torre-González Francisco J. , Fernández-Castillo Elisa , Azaharez-Llorente Dailen , Lara Jorge , Avendaño Enrique , Castañeda Alexis , Gómez Sergio , Gaxiola José , Asaff-Torres Ali , Verdín Jorge
Published: March 2021

Bacterial rhizospheric microbiomes of
Musa acuminata
cultivated in farms close to the west and east Mexican coasts and with different climate, soils, and crop management practices, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results showed that rhizospheric microbiome composition changed along with seasonal weather but were mostly indifferent to soil type.
The ABC-Type Efflux Pump MacAB Is Involved in Protection of Serratia marcescens against Aminoglycoside Antibiotics, Polymyxins, and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Shirshikova Tatiana V. , Sierra-Bakhshi Cecilia G. , Kamaletdinova Leisan K. , Matrosova Lilia E. , Khabipova Nailya N. , Evtugyn Vladimir G. , Khilyas Irina V. , Danilova Iuliia V. , Mardanova Ayslu M. , Sharipova Margarita R. , Bogomolnaya Lydia M.
Published: March 2021

The opportunistic pathogen
Serratia marcescens
can cause urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, meningitis, and sepsis in immunocompromised individuals. These infections are challenging to treat due to the intrinsic resistance of
S. marcescens
to an extensive array of antibiotics.
Immortalization of Human Keratinocytes Using the Catalytic Subunit of Telomerase
Authors: Beilin A. K. , Gurskaya N. G. , Evtushenko N. A. , Alpeeva E. V. , Kosykh A. V. , Terskikh V. V. , Vasiliev A. V. , Vorotelyak E. A.
Published: March 2021

A new stable line of human keratinocytes was obtained. The cells have altered morphology, both abnormal chromosomal composition and expression of keratinocyte markers, do not show contact inhibition, could be cultured in various media and have limited stratification ability in vitro. Upon transplantation into nude mice the cells have tumorigenic properties.
GSK3 Kinase Inhibitor, CHIR, Suppress Transcription of Tissue Specific POU2F1 Isoform in Burkitt Namalwa Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Pankratova E. V. , Portseva T. N. , Makarova A. A. , Ilyin Yu. V. , Stepchenko A. G. , Georgieva S. G.
Published: March 2021

POU2F1 (Oct-1) is a transcription factor, the overexpression of which is found in many human malignant tumors; a significant increase in its level in cells determines the malignant potential of the tumor. POU2F1 is represented in cells by several isoforms that are transcribed from alternative promoters. In Burkitt’s B-cell lymphoma Namalwa, the concentration of tissue-specific isoform Oct-1L is several times higher than in normal B cells. We tested the potential to inhibit the transcription of individual Oct-1 isoforms using the GSK3 kinase inhibitor CHIR, an aminopyrimidine derivative. We have shown that CHIR specifically affects the expression of the tissue-specific isoform Oct-1L, significantly reducing the level of mRNA and Oct-1L protein. However, CHIR does not change the amount of mRNA and protein of the ubiquitous isoform Oct-1A in Namalwa tumor cells. The results obtained show that it is possible to develop a system for selective inhibition of Oct-1 transcription factor isoforms in human cells to suppress drug resistance of tumor cells with a high POU2F1 content.
Central airway obstruction treated with initial support by venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Shirasaki Kasumi , Hifumi Toru , Kato Takashi , Ishimatsu Shinichi
Published: March 2021

A 24-year-old man with Down syndrome and congenital tracheal stenosis, who had undergone cartilage patch tracheoplasty twice in infancy, was transferred from a local hospital to manage an airway emergency. On arrival, the patient was in severe respiratory distress. Increased airway pressure following endotracheal intubation complicated the administration of mechanical ventilation. CT of the chest showed widespread consolidation and tracheal stenosis 3 cm above the carina distal to the tip of the endotracheal tube. The diagnosis was tracheal stenosis with type A influenza infection. The patient was transferred to another hospital for initiating venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). Intubation with a 6.0 mm spiral tube was successful after intraluminal balloon dilatation of the tracheal stenosis. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit and was weaned off VV-ECMO on day 3 due to improvement in respiratory status. A tracheotomy was performed on day 28 and the tracheal tube was removed on day 41.