bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Spheroidization and Related Heat Treatments of Medium Carbon Alloy Steels
Authors: Harisha S. R. , Sharma Sathyashankara , Kini U. Achutha , Gowri Shankar M. C.
Published: February 2018

The importance of medium carbon steels as engineering materials is reflected by the fact that out of the vast majority of engineering grade ferrous alloys available and used in the market today, a large proportion of them are from the family of medium carbon steels. Typically medium carbon steels have a carbon range of 0.25 to 0.65% by weight, and a manganese content ranging from 0.060 to 1.65% by weight. Medium carbon steels are more resistive to cutting, welding and forming as compared to low carbon steels. From the last two decades a number of research scholars reported the use of verity of heat treatments to tailor the properties of medium carbon steels. Spheroidizing is the novel industrial heat treatment employed to improve formability and machinability of medium/high carbon low alloy steels. This exclusive study covers procedure, the effects and possible outcomes of various heat treatments on medium carbon steels. In the present work, other related heat treatments like annealing and special treatments for property alterations which serve as pretreatments for spheroidizing are also reviewed. Medium carbon steels with property alterations by various heat treatment processes are finding increased responsiveness in transportation, aerospace, space, underwater along with other variegated fields. Improved tribological and mechanical properties consisting of impact resistance, stiffness, abrasion and strength are the main reasons for the increased attention of these steels in various industries. In the present scenario for the consolidation of important aspects of various heat treatments and effects on mechanical properties of medium carbons steel, a review of different research papers has been attempted. This review may be used as a guide to provide practical data for heat treatment industry, especially as a tool to enhance workability and tool life.
Study on fracture behaviour of Hybrid Aluminium Composite
Authors: Niranjan D. B. , Shiva Shankar G. S. , Shankar Latha B.
Published: February 2018

This work makes an attempt to study of fracture behaviour of hybrid Composite reinforced with hard ceramic Boron carbide as primary phase and secondary phase as soft solid lubricant Molybdenum Disulphide with base matrix Al2219 by two stage stir casting method is incorporated. Compact tension type specimen was utilized for test and dimensions are conformity to ASTM E-647.Fatigue crack growth and fracture toughness test conducted as per ASTM Standard E-399 and E-1820. This study discloses that reinforcing the hard ceramic Boron Carbide of constant 3wt% and soft solid lubricant Molybdenum Disulphide with increasing wt% of 3%, 4%, 5% to Al2219, results increase in energy required to open the crack front to create two new crack surfaces during mode-I type failure and also significantly variation of fracture toughness. Surface of fractured specimens were study under scanning electron microscope and observes that pulled regions tiny dimples results in balance between ductility and strength of prepared hybrid composite.
Mechanical Characterization and Finite Element Analysis of Jute-Epoxy Composite
Authors: Sangamesh Rajole , Kumar Naveen , Ravishankar K. S. , Kulkarni S. M.
Published: February 2018

Natural fiber composite materials are such an appropriate material, that replaces synthetic composite materials for many of practical applications where we need high strength and low density. Natural fiber composites combine the technological, ecological and economical aspects. This leads to discovering its vast applications in the aeronautics, automotive, marine and sporting sectors. This paper deals with the study on mechanical characterization (Tensile, Compression and Flexural) of jute/epoxy (JE) polymer composite. The flexural properties of composites are experimentally tested and are simulated in commercially available FEA software. Flexural tested results are in good agreement with FEA results. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the failed samples reveals the matrix dominated failure.
Hydraulic characteristics of internal protective coatings used for rehabilitation of pipelines of water supply and sanitation systems
Authors: Orlov Vladimir
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this article is to provide a comparative analysis of hydraulic characteristics of some modern organic coatings used for trenchless rehabilitation of engineering pipelines. Scotchkote 169HB pipeline inner protective coating manufactured by «3M» production company (USA) and Subcote FLP coating by «Group POLYPLASTIC» Ltd (RF) were the objects of this investigation. The article presents general characteristics of alternative protective coatings. A methodical approach to determination of the protective coating hydraulic characteristics is described by the tests at a special patented small-sized bench through estimation of the coatings’ hydrophoby with the terms of hydraulic characteristics. Based on the obtained results the conclusions are made concerning the feasibility of application of organic coatings compared to non-organic ones (for example, cement-sand coatings). This will enable power savings due to a lower hydraulic resistance during the water transportation. Based on the experimental studies in static and dynamic conditions on a small-sized testing bench it was proved, that the Subcote FLP protective coating has hydrophilic properties. There are shown results of an automated processing of experimental data and comparison of the values of the coefficients of hydraulic friction, resistivity and roughness, which have been obtained at the large-sized and small-sized benches, as well as at a roughness indicator. Provision has been made of a possible and reasonable use of small-sized benches instead of large-sized ones for determination of hydrophoby and hydraulic parameters, which will considerably facilitate the traditional method of comprehensive estimation of the hydraulic performance of various types of protective coatings.
A Study on Tensile and Shear behaviour of Untreated and Cryogenically Treated Al-SiC and Al-Gr Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Arunkumar K. N. , Krishnappa G. B. , Pasha Mohammed Salman
Published: February 2018

The present study aims at evaluating the shear and tensile behaviour of untreated and cryogenically treated aluminium-silicon carbide and aluminium graphite metal matrix composite. In this composite Al6061 is used as matrix material with varying Silicon carbide quantity from 2.5wt% to 10wt% and also varying the quantity of graphite from 1wt% to 4wt%. The composites used for this study were fabricated using stir casting technique. Electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction tests were carried out to know the composition and phase identification of the composite sample. Microstructure analysis was carried out to study the structure of the composites with and without cryogenic treatment.
A Study on Hardness and Wear behaviour of Untreated and Cryogenically Treated Al-SiC and Al-Gr Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Krishnappa G. B. , Arunkumar K. N. , Pasha Mohammed Salman
Published: February 2018

The present study aims at evaluating the hardness and wear behaviour of untreated and cryogenically treated aluminium-silicon carbide and aluminium graphite metal matrix composite. In this composite Al6061 is used as matrix material with varying Silicon carbide quantity from 2.5wt% to 10wt% and also varying the quantity of graphite from 1wt% to 4wt%. The composites used for this study were fabricated using stir casting technique. Electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction tests were carried out to know the composition and phase identification of the composite sample. Microstructure analysis was carried out to study the structure of the composites with and without cryogenic treatment. Hardness behaviour of a metal plays a vital role in understanding the resistance offered by a particular metal to the various shape changing forces and the ability of the metal to resist deformation. Similarly, wear is erosion of material from its original position on a solid surface performed by the action of any other material surface. It is very important to know the wear property of any given material in order to gain an understanding of the wear process, to determine the effects of variables, to characterize materials, and to select materials for specific applications.
Current Status of Methods Used In Degradation of Polymers: A Review
Authors: Kulkarni Aishwarya , Dasari Harshini
Published: February 2018

Degradation of different polymers now a day is the most crucial thing to carry out. It possesses threats to human health as well as to the environment. Different polymers like PVA, PVC, and PP with high density and low density are one of the most consumed by population and also their degradation is a bit difficult. For this many people have started working on effective methods of degradation of these polymers. This can be done by thermal degradation and pyrolysis which requires high temperature, bio degradation using starch, bacteria etc and photo degradation. Traditional gravimetric and respirometric techniques are the methods currently used in testing. They fit readily for degradable polymeric materials usually. Also they are well suited for biodegradable components with polymer blends. But the recent polymer generation is comparatively resistant to bio degradation of polymers hence they cannot be used here. The polymer matrices are readily present in the plasticizers boosting the strength of polymeric material hence in addition; there is the mechanism of degradation. The information on various methods discussed in this review is planned to illustrate a best fit of methods for those who are interested in testing the degradation of polymers under different environmental conditions and selection of appropriate technique for specific combination of mixture of polymer and catalysts which helps to degrade the polymeric material.
Development of Powerhouse Using Fresnel lens
Authors: Al-Dohani Nawar Saif , Nagaraj S. Nayak , Anarghya A. , Abhishek V. N.
Published: February 2018

Solar energy is an alternative source of renewable energy. Sultanate of Oman government showed initiation on utilization of solar energy for domestic and industrial applications. Fresnel lens is one of the methods to collect maximum energy by gathering heat of the sun in the concentrated form (using solar collectors). Earlier research work discloses that Fresnel lens gave better result in terms of power output and produces lower heat loss as compared to linear –parabolic solar collectors. In this work, development of a proto Fresnel lens power house was made to generate electricity. The focused heat from Fresnel lens was used to heat the molten salt in a heat exchanger to produce the steam. The generated steam was used to rotate the steam engine coupled to a generator. In the current work, a maximum power of 30 W was produced. In addition, comparative study was carried out regarding solar salts and heat exchanger materials to understand the Fresnel powerhouse performance. Overall the present study gave valuable information regarding usage of Fresnel lens for electricity generation in Oman.
Solar assisted liquid desiccant cooling using clay based membranes
Authors: Priya S. Shanmuga , Reddy Sneha , Balachandar Priyadarshini , Wadhwania Sanober
Published: February 2018

The environmental concerns have led to the urge of the usage of non-conventional energy resources like solar, wind, thermal, geothermal etc. which provide enormous source of energy without causing any further diminution of the environment. Instead of the conventional HVAC systems that cause colossal environmental perils, usage of liquid desiccants in coming in vogue whereby reducing ecological threats. Moreover, solar assisted systems provide further impulse to such systems. This paper discusses about the various comparisons between liquid desiccants: Lithium chloride, Potassium formate and Calcium chloride and concludes that potassium formate is the best desiccant to be used among the three. Potassium formate (HCOOK) is used which is cheaper and less corrosive as compared to the other aqueous salts, and has a negative crystallization temperature. Potassium formate is a new liquid desiccant and thus, not much research is available currently. The weather conditions of Manipal provide an appropriate condition for the experimentations of solar aided liquid desiccant evaporative cooling systems due to its humid climate and intense solar radiation obtained. The small scale experimentation also encounters the problem of liquid desiccant carryover by the air flow, with the help of clay based membranes which are again cheap, environmentally benign and obtained in a facile way. The projected system takes complete advantage of pure solar energy aimed at the regeneration of liquid desiccant.
Effect of bio-ethanol on the performance and emission of a biodiesel fueled compression ignition engine
Authors: Bhat Shrivathsa Nelly , Shenoy Shreyas , Dinesha P.
Published: February 2018

In the present study investigates the effect of bio-ethanol on the performance and emissions of a biodiesel blend fueled compression ignition engine. The experiments are conducted using pongamia biodiesel blend B20 (20% pongamia biodiesel +80% diesel) with 5, 7.5 and 10% (v/v) of bio-ethanol on a four stroke single cylinder diesel engine. The tests are conducted at different load conditions. Performance and emissions characteristics are investigated for different bio-ethanol compositions. The results show that the brake thermal efficiency is maximum for B20E7.5 blend with a minimum brake specific fuel consumption. Carbon monoxide emission is minimum for B20E7.5 blend and NOx emission decreases as the bio-ethanol percentage is increased from 5 to 7.5%. The study reveals that 7.5% bio-ethanol with B20 pongamia biodiesel blend results better performance and emission characteristics.
Lithium-Ion Battery Management System: A Lifecycle Evaluation Model for the Use in the Development of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Sisodia Ayush , Monteiro Jonathan
Published: February 2018

The use of Lithium-ion batteries in the automobile sector has expanded drastically in the recent years. The foreseen increment of lithium to power electric and hybrid electric vehicles has provoked specialists to analyze the long term credibility of lithium as a transportation asset. To give a better picture of future accessibility, this paper exhibits a life cycle model for the key procedures and materials associated with the electric vehicle lithium-ion battery life cycle, on a worldwide scale. This model tracks the flow of lithium and energy sources from extraction, to generation, to on road utilization, and the role of reusing and scrapping. This life cycle evaluation model is the initial phase in building up an examination model for the lithium ion battery production that would enable the policymakers to survey the future importance of lithium battery recycling, and when in time setting up a reusing foundation be made necessary.
Implementation of total productive maintenance (TPM) to increase overall equipment efficiency of an hotel industry
Authors: Manjunatha B. , Srinivas T. R. , Ramachandra C. G.
Published: February 2018

Hotel industries are one of the fastest growing areas in India, which is attracting more number of jobs & tourists. This also results in direct impact on Indian economy. All Hotels comprises a higher element of total working cost and they are a good source of income. Hospitality is one of the most important components of hotel industry. To give a good hospitality in hotels to customers, we need to use different machines in different departments. For example if we take section of housekeeping it consists of different sub departments like Rooms & corridors, Toilets, Linen, Furniture and furnishings, Gardens, Public areas etc. In this connection a small implementation of TPM tool called focused improvement & planned maintenance, implemented in alternative usage of electrical systems (energy conservation). Result showed a very significant improvement in energy saving. By adopting Small changes show a significant improvement in the overall system. It also indicates the dire need of proper industrial tools in hotels. Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is one of the pioneering approaches which can be achieved in above said things [1][2].
Optimization of radiation exposure for staff using e-controlling devices during radiopharmaceuticals' loading and dispensing procedures in F18-PET/CT daily practice
Authors: Peștean C. , Bărbuș E. , Larg M.L. , Piciu D.
Published: February 2018

Background: F18-PET/CT technique has been permanently optimized to ensure the best accuracy and to extend its clinical application. Radiation protection remains an omnipresent aspect of daily practice in F18-PET/CT. Introduction: We tried to demonstrate the usefulness of remotely controlled radiopharmaceutical dispensers with smart-phones or tablets in the optimization of staff exposure. Material and methods: We performed a study to evaluate the exposure during loading and dispensing of radiopharmaceuticals working in two different ways: according to the user's manual of the automatic dispenser and, respectively, with an e-controlling application. We calculated the maximal radiation exposure and analyzed the differences related to the annual effective dose. Have been considered 40 loading and 353 dispensing procedures. During the loading, it has been manipulated a total activity of 9348.8 mCi (345905.6 MBq) FDG. A total activity of 2622.5 mCi (97032.5 MBq) FDG has been manipulated during dispensing. Results: The effective dose resulted from the loading procedure measured at the dispenser contact was 445.05 µSv. The effective dose measured in the remote control area during the loading procedure was 0.34 µSv, having a difference of 444.71 µSv. The total effective dose during dispensing procedures measured at the dispenser was 206.6 µSv and the total effective dose measured in the controlling room was 2.64 µSv, thus a difference of 203.96 µSv. The cumulative difference between the effective doses was of 648.67 µSv. Discussion: E-controlling the dispenser, we got an exposure saving representing 61.2% from the operator's annual dose. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of e-controlling devices in radiation protection of the staff working in F18-PET/CT.
Vendor-buyer integrated production-inventory system for imperfect quality item under trade credit finance and variable setup cost
Authors: Mohanty Dipana Jyoti , Kumar Ravi Shankar , Goswami Adrijit
Published: February 2018

This paper model a vendor-buyer integrated production-inventory system by considering issues of imperfect quality of the item, trade credit finance, setup cost reduction and shortages including partial backlogging and lost sale. The vendor produces a lot in one production setup and sends to the buyer in multiple shipments to fulfill customers’ demand. Due to imperfect production and/or unsafe transportation, the received lot of the buyer contains the imperfect quality of the item, which is detected through the screening process, and is sold at a discounted price in a single batch at the end of the process. To accelerate bulk purchasing, the vendor offers a trade credit period to the buyer to settle the amount. In this regard, we develop a methodology to account the opportunity cost and opportunity gain. Depending upon the screening period μ, trade credit period M, shortage beginning time t and the buyer’s scheduling period T, we consider four cases: (1) M < μ < t < T, (2) μ < M < t < T, (3) μ < t < M < T and (4) μ < t < T < M. The proposed integrated model is testified with numerical experiment and sensitivity analysis by changing the value of key parameters.
Homeopathy Use in the United States and Implications for Public Health: A Review
Authors: Dossett Michelle , Yeh Gloria
Published: February 2018

Homeopathy is used by just over 2% of the U.S. population, predominantly for respiratory, otorhinolaryngology, and musculoskeletal complaints. Individual users who see a homeopathic provider for care are more likely to perceive the therapy as helpful than those who do not; however, only 19% of users in the United States see a provider. The rest presumably rely upon over-the-counter products. Recent clinical trials highlight several areas in which homeopathy may play a role in improving public health, including infectious diseases, pain management, mental health, and cancer care. This review examines recent studies in these fields, studies assessing costs associated with homeopathic care, safety, and regulations in the United States. Data suggest the potential for public health benefit from homeopathy, especially for conditions such as upper respiratory infections and fibromyalgia.
The Role of Postoperative Imaging after Orbital Floor Fracture Repair
Authors: Carpenter David , Shammas Ronnie , Honeybrook Adam , Brown C.Scott , Chapurin Nikita , Woodard Charles R.
Published: February 2018

Obtaining postoperative images of maxillofacial fractures does not affect the clinical management of asymptomatic patients; however, few studies have evaluated the role of postoperative imaging in the context of orbital floor fractures. In this study, we evaluate current practice techniques and the role of postoperative imaging in the management of orbital floor fractures in isolation and with concomitant facial fractures. Retrospective review of patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of orbital floor fractures between 2005 and 2015 at a single medical institution. Operative and perioperative records were reviewed to characterize postoperative imaging as routine or as indicated by concerning clinical symptoms, and to correlate clinical outcomes to postoperative imaging patterns across all identified orbital floor fractures. A total of 139 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation of orbital floor fractures. Of these, 75 (54%) had zygomaticomaxillary (ZMC) involvement. The remaining 64 (46%) were isolated orbital floor fractures. Overall, 54 (39%) patients underwent postoperative imaging. Of these, 38 (70%) had postoperative imaging in the absence of concerning clinical symptoms. There was no observed difference in complication rates in those who underwent postoperative imaging, and those who did not. Patients with orbital + ZMC fractures underwent a significantly higher number of postoperative imaging studies ( p < 0.001); however, there was no observed difference in complications between isolated orbital and orbital + ZMC fractures. Routine postoperative imaging is not warranted in the absence of persistent clinical symptoms following open reduction and internal fixation of orbital floor fractures.
Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Third-Trimester Depressive Symptoms in a Healthy Privately Insured Sample
Authors: Schuette Stephanie , Kominiarek Michelle , Wisner Katherine , Massey Suena
Published: February 2018

Objectives While being overweight (body mass index [BMI] >25) prior to pregnancy is linked to antenatal depression, whether weight is confounded by socioeconomic and/or medical risks is unclear.

Study Design We assessed 66 healthy privately insured pregnant women at M = 35.0 ± 3.3 weeks for symptoms of depression (Inventory for Depressive Symptoms—Self-Report (IDS-SR 30), lifetime history of depression and other psychiatric conditions (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), and pre-pregnancy BMI derived from pre-pregnancy weight (by recall) and directly measured height. Pre-pregnancy overweight (BMI > 25) and antenatal depression (score of mild or greater [14] on the IDS-SR 30) were assessed using logistic regression, controlling for past major depressive disorder (MDD) and demographic factors showing significant between group differences.

Results Pre-pregnancy overweight (n = 17; 25.8%) was associated with an increased risk of third trimester depression, independent of past MDD and marital status (odds ratio = 7.47; 95% confidence interval [2.09–26.68]; B (standard error) = 2.010 [0.650]).

Conclusion Replication in a larger sample is suggested to confirm an independent effect of pregravid overweight on third trimester depression.
Eighteen-Year Effect of Androgen Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in Trans(gender) Men
Authors: Broulik Petr , Urbánek Václav , Libanský Petr
Published: February 2018

The study explores the influence of long-term androgen supplementation (18 years) on bone metabolism in trans(gender) men. Thirty five trans(gender) men aged (47±4) were treated with adequate dose of testosterone. BMD was measured by DEXA at lumbar spine and neck and T score was determined. Biochemical parameters of bone turnover were measured in all patients. As compared with female and male age matched controls they showed a not significantly different T-score at spine [1.213±0.15 in trans(gender) men vs. 1.192±0.19 in females and 1.203±0.06 g/cm2 in males (p<0.01)]. BMD in the hip skeleton in trans(gender) men (0.950±g/cm2) was statistically higher than females (0.822±0.09) but not statistically different from normal males 0.988±0.06). Circulating biochemical markers of bone formation, and resorption were not different between the trans(gender) men, and matched controls. We conclude that BMD at the hip (site rich in cortical bone) after adequate dose of testosterone therapy is higher while it is not different at the spine (trabecular bone) in trans(gender) men even after 18 years of testosterone administration.
Endoskopisch ausgeführte Tympanoplastik mit Vorteilen
Authors: Diensthuber Marc
Published: February 2018

Kuo CH et al. Comparison of endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
2017;274:2727–2732

Welche Vor-und Nachteile hat die endoskopisch durchgeführte Tympanoplastik? Wie sieht die Erfolgs- und die
Komplikationsrate bei alleiniger Rekonstruktion des Trommelfells und bei Wiederherstellung einer
funktionalen Gehörknöchelchenkette aus?
Gelenkbeteiligung bei Akromegalie
Authors: Patschan Susann , Patschan Daniel , Raddatz Dirk , Gollisch Katja
Published: February 2018

Die Akromegalie ist eine seltene Erkrankung, welche in den meisten Fällen aus einer hypophysären Überproduktion von Wachstumshormon (GH – Growth Hormone) resultiert. Der in der Folge anhaltende IGF-1(Insulin like Growth Factor-1)-Exzess bewirkt zahlreiche morphologische und metabolische Veränderungen des Organismus inklusive Organomegalie, arterieller Hypertonie und Diabetes mellitus. Insbesondere die kardiovaskuläre Morbidität nimmt zu, diese ist auch hauptverantwortlich für vermehrte Sterblichkeit der Betroffenen. Wiewohl nicht prognoseentscheidend, manifestiert sich die Erkrankung gleichfalls am Bewegungsapparat. Drei Komplikationen sind relevant: eine Arthropathie größerer Gelenke, lumbale Wirbelsäulenveränderungen sowie das Karpaltunnelsyndrom. Die Behandlung dieser Komplikationen unterscheidet sich nicht von der Therapie anderer Krankheitsmanifestationen: entscheidend ist die Beseitigung des GH-/IGF-1-Exzesses. Je früher die Diagnose gestellt und die Behandlung eingeleitet wird, desto besser ist die Prognose, sind doch ossäre/artikuläre Veränderungen in vielen Fällen irreversibel.
Einfluss von Flossing auf die Regenerationsfähigkeit der unteren Extremität nach Kraftausdauer-Belastungen
Authors: Gorny Vanessa , Stöggl Thomas
Published: February 2018

Zusammenhang Flossing ist eine Behandlungsmethode um die Beweglichkeit, Leistungsfähigkeit und Regeneration zu verbessern sowie um Schmerzen, Ödeme und Verletzungsrisiken zu reduzieren.

Ziel Welche Auswirkungen hat Flossing auf die Regenerationsfähigkeit nach Kraftausdauer-Belastungen und den wahrgenommenen Muskelkaterschmerz?

Methodik 42 aktive, gesunde weibliche und männliche Probanden wurden randomisiert in eine Kontrollgruppe (n = 21) und Flossinggruppe (n = 21) eingeteilt. Für alle Probanden galt der gleiche Ablauf des Testprozedere: Am Mess-Zeitpunkt 1 (M1) absolvierte jeder Teilnehmer an der Beinpresse einbeinig so viele Wiederholungen wie möglich mit 65 % des Ein-Wiederholungs-Maximums (1 RM). Zwischen M1 und M2 wurde ein Ermüdungsprotokoll (3* so viele Wiederholungen wie möglich mit 65 % des 1 RM einbeinig an der Beinpresse) durchgeführt. Zum Zeitpunkt M2 (sofort nach dem Ermüdungsprogramm), M3 (30 Minuten nach dem Ermüdungsprogramm) und M4 (60 Minuten nach dem Ermüdungsprogramm) wurden erneut die maximalen Wiederholungen mit 65 % des 1 RM erfasst. Zwischen M2 und M3 erhielten die Probanden der Flossinggruppe eine dreimalige Anwendung mit dem Flossingband als Regenerationsmaßnahme für je zwei Minuten. 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 60 h und 72 h nach der letzten Messung wurde jeweils der Muskelkaterschmerz mit der numerischen Ratingskala (NRS) (0 – 10) und „Likert-Muscle-Scale“ erfasst.

Ergebnisse Über alle vier Mess-Zeitpunkte zeigte sich kein signifikanter Effekt zugunsten der Flossinggruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Die „Likert-Muscle-Scale“ ergab kein signifikantes Ergebnis. Lediglich nach 36 h zeigten sich niedrigere NRS-Werte in der Flossinggruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe (p = 0,044).

Schlussfolgerung Flossing beeinflusst die Regenerationsfähigkeit nach Kraftausdauer-Belastungen weder positiv noch negativ. Flossing hat keinen Effekt auf die Schmerzwahrnehmung bei Muskelkater.
Tympanoplastik Typ I im frühen Kindesalter erfolgsversprechend
Authors: Volkenstein Stefan
Published: February 2018

Singh GB et al. Paediatric tympanoplasty: comparative study between patients aged 5–8 years and those aged over
14 years. J Laryngol Otol 2016; 130: 635–639
Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Leptin Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Mohammadi-Sartang Mohsen , Sohrabi Zahra , Esmaeilinezhad Zahra , Aqaeinezhad R Seyed , Jalilpiran Yahya
Published: February 2018

The results of human clinical trials examining the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on leptin concentration are inconsistent. Our objective was to elucidate the role of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on leptin through a systematic review and a meta-analysis of available randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs). We searched the PubMed, SCOPUS, and ISI web of science up to February2017, in English, to identify RCTs investigating the effect of CLA supplements on plasma leptin concentrations. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the efficacy of CLA on leptin concentration by using random effects. Statistical heterogeneity, study quality, meta-regression and publication bias were used based on standard methods. Nineteen RCTs (comprising 26 treatment arms) with 1045 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Random-effect meta-analysis found a slight but not significant reduction in plasma leptin concentrations (WMD: –0.38 ng/ml, 95% CI: –1.08, 0.32, p=0.286); I2=53.24%, p=0.001), following CLA supplementation. The pooled effect size was robust and remained non-significant in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Subgroup analysis based on BMI status showed that the CLA supplementation significantly reduces leptin when used for obese subjects (WMD: –1.47 ng/ml, 95% CI: –2.15, –0.79, p<0.001) and in the subset of trials lasting<24 weeks of duration (WMD: –0.76 ng/ml, 95% CI: –1.40, –0.12, p=0.019). CLA supplementation might moderately decrease circulatory leptin levels only among obese adults for shorter than 24 weeks. Additional high-quality studies are needed to replicate our results.
Field equations from Killing spinors
Authors: Açık Özgür
Published: February 2018

From the Killing spinor equation and the equations satisfied by their bilinears, we deduce some well-known bosonic and fermionic field equations of mathematical physics. Aside from the trivially satisfied Dirac equation, these relativistic wave equations in curved spacetimes, respectively, are Klein-Gordon, Maxwell, Proca, Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau, Kähler, twistor, and Rarita-Schwinger equations. This result shows that, besides being special kinds of Dirac fermions, Killing fermions can be regarded as physically fundamental. For the Maxwell case, the problem of motion is analysed in a reverse manner with respect to the studies of Einstein-Groemer-Infeld-Hoffmann and Jean Marie Souriau. In the analysis of the gravitino field, a generalised 3-ψ rule is found which is termed the vanishing trace constraint.
Origin of temperature dependent conduction of current from n-4H-SiC into silicon dioxide films at high electric fields
Authors: Xiang An , Xu Xingliang , Zhang Lin , Li Zhiqiang , Li Juntao , Dai Gang
Published: February 2018

The conduction of current from n-4H-SiC into pyrogenic and dry oxidized films is studied. Anomalous current conduction was observed at a high electric field above 8 MV/cm for dry oxidized metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors, which cannot be interpreted in the framework of pure Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. The temperature-dependent current measurement and density of interface trap estimated from the hi-lo method for the SiO2/4H-SiC interface revealed that the combined current conduction of Fowler-Nordheim and Poole-Frenkel emission is responsible for the current conduction in both pyrogenic and dry oxidized MOS capacitors. Furthermore, the origin of temperature dependent current conduction is the Poole-Frenkel emission via the carbon pair defect trap level at 1.3 eV below the conduction band edge of SiO2. In addition, with the dry oxidized capacitors, the enhanced temperature dependent current above 8 MV/cm is attributed to the PF emission via a trap level at 1.47 eV below the conduction band edge of SiO2, which corresponds to another configuration of a carbon pair defect in SiO2 films.
Separation of cancer cells using vortical microfluidic flows
Authors: Haddadi Hamed , Naghsh-Nilchi Hamed , Di Carlo Dino
Published: February 2018

Label-free separation of viable cancer cells using vortical microfluidic flows has been introduced as a feasible cell collection method in oncological studies. Besides the clinical importance, the physics of particle interactions with the vortex that forms in a wall-confined geometry of a microchannel is a relatively new area of fluid dynamics. In our previous work [Haddadi and Di Carlo, J. Fluid. Mech. 811, 436–467 (2017)], we have introduced distinct aspects of inertial flow of dilute suspensions over cavities in a microchannel such as breakdown of the separatrix and formation of stable limit cycle orbits for finite size polystyrene particles. In this work, we extend our experiments to address the engineering-physics of cancer cell entrapment in microfluidic cavities. We begin by studying the effects of the channel width and device height on the morphology of the vortex, which has not been discussed in our previous work. The stable limit cycle orbits of finite size cancer cells are then presented. We demonstrate effects of the separatrix breakdown and the limit cycle formation on the operation of the cancer cell separation platform. By studying the flow of dilute cell suspensions over the cavities, we further develop the notion of the cavity capacity and the relative rate of cell accumulation as optimization criteria which connect the device geometry with the flow. Finally, we discuss the proper placement of multiple cavities inside a microchannel for improved cell entrapment.
High-detection efficiency and low-timing jitter with amorphous superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Authors: Caloz Misael , Perrenoud Matthieu , Autebert Claire , Korzh Boris , Weiss Markus , Schönenberger Christian , Warburton Richard J. , Zbinden Hugo , Bussières Félix
Published: February 2018

Recent progress in the development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) made of amorphous materials has delivered excellent performances and has had a great impact on a range of research fields. Despite showing the highest system detection efficiency (SDE) ever reported with SNSPDs, amorphous materials typically lead to lower critical currents, which have impacts on their jitter performance. Combining a very low jitter and a high SDE remains a challenge. Here, we report on highly efficient superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors based on amorphous MoSi, combining system jitters as low as 26 ps and a SDE of 80% at 1550 nm. We also report detailed observations on the jitter behaviour, which hints at intrinsic limitations and leads to practical implications for SNSPD performance.
Theoretical analysis of bimetallic nanorod dimer biosensors for label-free molecule detection
Authors: Das Avijit , Talukder Muhammad Anisuzzaman
Published: February 2018

In this work, we theoretically analyze a gold (Au) core within silver (Ag) shell (Au@Ag) nanorod dimer biosensor for label-free molecule detection. The incident light on an Au@Ag nanorod strongly couples to localized surface plasmon modes, especially around the tip region. The field enhancement around the tip of a nanorod or between the tips of two longitudinally aligned nanorods as in a dimer can be exploited for sensitive detection of biomolecules. We derive analytical expressions for the interactions of an Au@Ag nanorod dimer with the incident light. We also study the detail dynamics of an Au@Ag nanorod dimer with the incident light computationally using finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique when core-shell ratio, relative position of the nanorods, and angle of incidence of light change. We find that the results obtained using the developed analytical model match well with that obtained using FDTD simulations. Additionally, we investigate the sensitivity of the Au@Ag nanorod dimer, i.e., shift in the resonance wavelength, when a target biomolecule such as lysozyme (Lys), human serum albumin (HSA), anti-biotin (Abn), human catalase (CAT), and human fibrinogen (Fb) protein molecules are attached to the tips of the nanorods.
Controlling the size of silver nanowires produced by a tetrabutylammonium dichlorobromide salt-based polyol process: Kinetics of silver crystal growth
Authors: Jang Hae-Won , Hwang Bu-Yeon , Lee Ki-Wook , Kim Yoon-Mi , Kim Jin-Yeol
Published: February 2018

Long silver nanowires (Ag NWs) with lengths of ∼65 μm and aspect ratios as high as 1500 were synthesized using a tetrabutylammonium dichlorobromide (TBADCB) salt-based polyol process. The kinetics of crystal growth was studied using stepwise scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and surface Plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The diameters of the Ag NWs were shown to be strongly dependent on the molar concentration of TBADCB/AgNO3. We further demonstrated that the length of the Ag NWs could be controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature at the nucleation step or by varying the stirring speed. NWs with lengths of up to 60 μm and diameters as large as 32 nm were obtained when unidirectional axial stirring was performed at 1000 rpm using a T-shaped impeller, and at an initial nucleation temperature of 20°C. The obtained two-dimensional conducive Ag NW network films exhibited good optical properties, with a low haze of ≤1.0% and 98% transmittance at 60 Ω/sq, similar to the properties of the films compared of 20-nm-diameter Ag NWs (aspect ratio: ∼1000).
TMOKE as efficient tool for the magneto-optic analysis of ultra-thin magnetic films
Authors: Borovkova O. V. , Hashim H. , Kozhaev M. A. , Dagesyan S. A. , Chakravarty A. , Levy M. , Belotelov V. I.
Published: February 2018

Ultra-thin magnetic dielectric films are of prime importance due to their applications for nanophotonics and spintronics. Here, we propose an efficient method for the magneto-optical investigation of ultra-thin magnetic films which allows one to access their state of magnetization and magneto-optical properties. It is based on the surface-plasmon-polariton-assisted transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE). In our experiments, sub-100 nm-thick bismuth-substituted lutetium iron-garnet films covered with a plasmonic gold grating have been analyzed. The excitation of surface plasmon-polaritons provides resonance enhancement of TMOKE up to 0.04 and makes it easily detectable in the experiment. For films thicker than 40 nm, the TMOKE marginally depends on the film thickness. A further decrease in the film thickness diminishes TMOKE since for such thicknesses the surface plasmon-polariton field partly penetrates inside the non-magnetic substrate. Nevertheless, the TMOKE remains measurable even for few-nm-thick films, which makes this technique unique for the magneto-optical study of ultra-thin films. Particularly, the proposed method reveals that the off-diagonal components of the magnetic film permittivity tensor grow slightly with the reduction of the film thickness.
Transient pulse analysis of ionized electronics exposed to γ-radiation generated from a relativistic electron beam
Authors: Min Sun-Hong , Kwon Ohjoon , Sattorov Matlabjon , Baek In-Keun , Kim Seontae , Hong Dongpyo , Jeong Jin-Young , Jang Jungmin , Bera Anirban , Barik Ranjan Kumar , Bhattacharya Ranajoy , Cho Ilsung , Kim Byungsu , Park Chawon , Jung Wongyun , Park Seunghyuk , Park Gun-Sik
Published: February 2018

When a semiconductor element is irradiated with radiation in the form of a transient pulse emitted from a nuclear explosion, a large amount of charge is generated in a short time in the device. A photocurrent amplified in a certain direction by these types of charges cause the device to break down and malfunction or in extreme cases causes them to burn out. In this study, a pulse-type γ-ray generator based on a relativistic electron beam accelerator (γ=2.2, β=0.89) which functions by means of tungsten impingement was constructed and tested in an effort to investigate the process and effects of the photocurrent formed by electron hole pairs (EHP) generated in a pMOSFET device when a transient radiation pulse is incident in the device. The pulse-type γ-ray irradiating device used here to generate the electron beam current in a short time was devised to allow an increase in the irradiation dose. A precise signal processing circuit was constructed to measure the photocurrent of the small signal generated by the pMOSFET due to the electron beam accelerator pulse signal from the large noise stemming from the electromagnetic field around the relativistic electron beam accelerator. The pulse-type γ-ray generator was installed to meet the requirements of relativistic electron beam accelerators, and beam irradiation was conducted after a beam commissioning step.
A cytological and molecular analysis of D-genome chromosome retention following F2–F6 generations of hexaploid×tetraploid wheat crosses
Authors: Padmanaban Sriram , Zhang Peng , Sutherland Mark W. , Knight Noel L. , Martin Anke
Published: February 2018

Both hexaploid bread wheat (AABBDD) (Triticum aestivum L.) and tetraploid durum wheat (AABB) (T. turgidum spp. durum) are highly significant global food crops. Crossing these two wheats with different ploidy levels results in pentaploid (AABBD) F1 lines. This study investigated the differences in the retention of D chromosomes between different hexaploid × tetraploid crosses in subsequent generations by using molecular and cytological techniques. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the retention of D chromosomes in the F2 generation depending on the parents of the original cross. One of the crosses, 2WE25 × 950329, retained at least one copy of each D chromosome in 48% of its F2 lines. For this cross, the retention or elimination of D chromosomes was determined through several subsequent self-fertilised generations. Cytological analysis indicated that D chromosomes were still being eliminated at the F5 generation, suggesting that in some hexaploid × tetraploid crosses, D chromosomes are unstable for many generations. This study provides information on the variation in D chromosome retention in different hexaploid × tetraploid wheat crosses and suggests efficient strategies for utilising D genome retention or elimination to improve bread and durum wheat, respectively.
Adaptive antibody diversification through
N
-linked glycosylation of the immunoglobulin variable region
Authors: van de Bovenkamp Fleur S. , Derksen Ninotska I. L. , Ooijevaar-de Heer Pleuni , van Schie Karin A. , Kruithof Simone , Berkowska Magdalena A. , van der Schoot C. Ellen , IJspeert Hanna , van der Burg Mirjam , Gils Ann , Hafkenscheid Lise , Toes René E. M. , Rombouts Yoann , Plomp Rosina , Wuhrer Manfred , van Ham S. Marieke , Vidarsson Gestur , Rispens Theo
Published: February 2018

Significance

Structural variation of antibodies is generally defined in terms of amino acid composition, neglecting posttranslational modifications such as
N
-linked glycosylation. Little is known about the role of the glycans that are present in about 15% of variable domains. However, recent studies suggest that variable domain glycans exhibit distinct patterns according to (patho)physiological conditions, and can have immunomodulatory effects. Here we highlight a physiological role for variable domain glycans that is predetermined in the germline antibody repertoire: We show that variable domain
N
-linked glycans are acquired during somatic hypermutation at positions predisposed in the germline and may be positively selected during affinity maturation, representing an additional mechanism of secondary antibody diversification that contributes to the extent of the B-cell antibody repertoire.
A posttranslational modification of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 that enhances its mechanochemical coupling and alters its mitotic function
Authors: Muretta Joseph M. , Reddy Babu J. N. , Scarabelli Guido , Thompson Alex F. , Jariwala Shashank , Major Jennifer , Venere Monica , Rich Jeremy N. , Willard Belinda , Thomas David D. , Stumpff Jason , Grant Barry J. , Gross Steven P. , Rosenfeld Steven S.
Published: February 2018

Significance

Members of the kinesin superfamily serve a wide variety of functions, and a dominant narrative for these molecular motors has been that each member of the superfamily is uniquely specialized to serve a very limited set of functions. However, it is now appreciated that many members of this group serve several distinct physiological roles, and it has been unclear how these kinesins accomplish this functional flexibility. In this report, we describe a posttranslational modification of the kinesin 5 family member Eg5 that dramatically alters its chemomechanical behavior to make it function much more efficiently under load and in ensembles. This work provides the biophysical context required to mechanistically understand the effects of modified Eg5 in dividing cells.
Role of a selecting ligand in shaping the murine γδ-TCR repertoire
Authors: Fahl Shawn P. , Coffey Francis , Kain Lisa , Zarin Payam , Dunbrack Roland L. , Teyton Luc , Zúñiga-Pflücker Juan Carlos , Kappes Dietmar J. , Wiest David L.
Published: February 2018

Unlike αβ-T lineage cells, where the role of ligand in intrathymic selection is well established, the role of ligand in the development of γδ-T cells remains controversial. Here we provide evidence for the role of a bona fide selecting ligand in shaping the γδ-T cell-receptor (TCR) repertoire. Reactivity of the γδ-TCR with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class Ib ligands, H2-T10/22, is critically dependent upon the EGYEL motif in the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of TCRδ. In the absence of H2-T10/22 ligand, the commitment of H2-T10/22 reactive γδ-T cells to the γδ fate is diminished, and the specification of those γδ committed cells to the IFN-γ or interleukin-17 effector fate is altered. Furthermore, those cells that do adopt the γδ fate and mature exhibit a profound alteration in the γδTCR repertoire, including depletion of the EGYEL motif and reductions in both CDR3δ length and charge. Taken together, these data suggest that ligand plays an important role in shaping the TCR repertoire of γδ-T cells.