bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Gulf Emirati Dialect Corpus from Social Media
Authors: AlAzzam Bayan A. , Alkhatib Manar , Shaalan Khaled
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This paper discusses the need for a corpus of Emirati traditional phrases and idioms in natural language processing (NLP) for the Gulf Emirati dialect and its potential applications in fields like voice recognition, machine translation, and sentiment analysis.

Methodology: The researchers collected a corpus of more than 3000 traditional Emirati words and idioms by gathering data from several social media platforms, such as forums, YouTube, and Emirati radio stations. In addition, the researchers used the website scraping technologies to collect suitable resources, subsequently cleansing and organising the gathered material to ensure accuracy and consistency. A pilot investigation was undertaken, including an individual who is a native speaker of Emirati, in order to verify the precision of the dataset.

Findings: The researchers successfully compiled a substantial dataset of traditional Emirati phrases and idioms, so enabling potential future investigations in the realm of Arabic dialects, specifically focusing on Gulf Arabic dialects such as the Emirati dialect.

Implications: The compilation of Emirati traditional idioms and words presented in this study has potential practical effects in several domains such as medical, education, and business. These implications mostly revolve around enhancing communication among and with individuals proficient in the Emirati language.

Originality/Value: This study distinguishes itself by concentrating on the compilation of an NLP corpus comprising traditional Emirati phrases and idioms, with a specific emphasis on the Gulf Emirati dialect. The dataset generated as a result of this effort may prove indispensable for further studies into Arabic dialects.
A Framework for Developing Information Requirements for Built Asset Management Based on Organisational Sustainability Objectives
Authors: Dong Yujie , Collinge William , Kirkham Richard , Rahbarimanesh Amir
Published: March 2024

Purpose- In recent years, digital transformation using Building Information Modelling (BIM) systems has reshaped asset management. This process involves systematically maintaining and improving assets throughout an organization's lifecycle, with a focus on sustainability objectives. However, the current asset management process often wastes time and resources searching for asset information. This research aims to create a BIM-based framework, address the disconnection between asset management models and key indicators of sustainability, and help achieve the organisation's sustainability objectives.

Methodology- This paper explores the relationship between asset management and sustainability objectives, establishing an integrated framework from existing literature. A seven-step approach to developing information needs is also proposed.

Findings- It was found that asset information requirements are often formed without a direct link to the organisational objectives they are intended to achieve or are difficult to detect adequately. Recognising the cyclical nature of asset management and BIM and generating a framework.

Implications- The framework will help address the disconnection between design aspirations and key indicators of sustainability.

Originality value- The framework aligns asset management with sustainability objectives and integrates with BIM for a unified asset management platform.
Jordanian Expatriates’ Family Language Policy in Dubai
Authors: Razem Reem J. , Abu-Ayyash Emad A. S.
Published: March 2024

This pilot study explores the Family Language Policy (FLP) of two Jordanian expatriate families in Dubai and is underpinned by Spolsky’s FLP theoretical framework which has tripartite components of ideology, practice, and management. A qualitative constructivist approach and case study are adopted as the main methodology. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with the parents and observation of the natural utterances of children. The purpose of the study is to refine the data collection instruments regarding both the procedures and the content of the gathered data to glean initial themes. Key findings identified contextual and cultural challenges while piloting the instruments which resulted in necessary methodological modifications to the data collection procedures. Implications include highlighting the benefits of pilot studies, modifying interview questions and observation procedures in response to challenges that face emerging researchers when conducting similar studies, and sharing the value of developing reflexive, culturally competent, and ethically responsive research practices in the field of Arabic sociolinguistics.
Performance of Mutual Fund During the Global Financial Crisis: Evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hamdan Rana Subhi , Al-Malkawi Husam-Aldin N.
Published: March 2024

Purpose – This paper is an attempt to analyze the performance of the Saudi equity diversified fund on the basis of return and risk evaluation before, during and after the global financial crisis (GFC).

Methodology – The study uses secondary data of 12 Saudi mutual funds from Jan 2000 until Dec 2018. The analysis is conducted by assessing various performance and statistical measures including average return, standard deviation, Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, and Information ratio (IR), and M2 measure. The outcomes of these measures are compared with a benchmark, i.e. the stock market index Tadawul.

Findings – The results show that funds managers showed good decisions attempts during the crisis to minimize investors losses as the majority of the funds had positive IR during the crisis. Although the crisis had negative effect on MFs in Saudi Arabia, they outperformed the market.

Riyad Saudi Equity Fund and Saudi Fransi Saudi Istithmar Equity Fund outperformed all other fund in the sample during the crisis,

Research Implications – This study would be useful for new investors who want to start investing in funds with good history of investment and portfolio management during the financial crises. For decision makers of Riyad Saudi Equity Fund and Saudi Fransi Saudi Istithmar Equity Fund, to find out the reasons for their superiority during the crisis period, and the relapse they experienced after the end of the crisis at a time when the rest of the mutual funds in the sample recovered.

Originality/Value – The study is valuable to investors as it increases their knowledge about Saudi Arabia funds, which are attractive source of investing, since they still can offer a good return and perform better than the market, especially during crisis.
The Impact of Facilitating Conditions on Innovation Readiness in the Dubai Public Sector
Authors: Alshaer Mayid , Almarri Khalid
Published: March 2024

Purpose- The purpose of this paper is to analyze the level of innovation readiness in Dubai’s public sector by taking a critical look at the current facilitating conditions, analyzing the gaps that arise with the lack of various innovations in place, and offering recommendations to remedy the problem.

Methodology- This study uses a cross-sectional study design by using information from peer-reviewed journal articles. The search process for the articles involved the use of relevant terms such as “innovation readiness,” “facilitating conditions,” as well as “Dubai Public Sector.” The search narrowed down 15 peer-reviewed journal articles that were now used for the study.

Findings- This study identified research gaps from the literature review and highlighted how the literature could be broadened and possible research questions that can be identified from the literature.

Implications- The intention to use innovation readiness is positively impacted by facilitating situations, but the effect is marginal after the initial usage. As a result, the Model suggests that conducive environments have an immediate, considerable impact on user behavior.

Originality/ value- The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology discussed in this essay gives insights into the various forms of technology by comparing prominent technology acceptance theories.
The Challenges of Implementing the Emirates Standardized Test as a Proficiency Test in the UAE: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Khalil Abdelhamid A.
Published: March 2024

This study investigated teachers’ and educational leaders’ perspectives regarding the challenges that EFL twelfth graders encounter in relation to the Emirates Standardized Test (EmSAT). The study context was a private school in the UAE that follows the Ministry of Education curriculum. The present qualitative study adopted the phenomenological interpretive research approach. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with four English teachers and four educational leaders. Data were also analysed using thematic analysis that led to the creation of relevant themes. The findings revealed a number of challenges related to the EmSAT exam and recommendations to overcome these barriers. These included issues related to time constraints, anxiety, stress, lack of teaching resources, and learners’ low e-maturity level. The study had some implications for teachers, educational leaders, school administrations and policymakers.
Fault detection and classification in hybrid energy-based multi-area grid-connected microgrid clusters using discrete wavelet transform with deep neural networks
Authors: Bramareswara Rao S. N. V. , Kumar Y. V. Pavan , Amir Mohammad , Muyeen S. M.
Published: March 2024

Microgrid control and operation depend on fault detection and classification because it allows quick fault separation and recovery. Due to their reliance on sizable fault currents, classic fault detection techniques are no longer suitable for microgrids that employ inverter-interfaced distributed generation. Nowadays, deep learning algorithms are essential for ensuring the reliable, safe, and efficient operation of these complex energy systems. They enable quick responses to faults, reduce downtime, enhance energy efficiency, and contribute to the overall sustainability and resilience of microgrids. With this intent, this work proposes a “Discrete Wavelet Transform with Deep Neural Network (DWT-DNN)” for detecting and classifying the various faults that occurred in hybrid energy-based multi-area grid-connected microgrid clusters. The proposed DWT-DNN first extracts the input features from the point of common coupling of the cluster system using DWT, and then, these decomposed features are applied as input variables to train the DNN for the detection and classification of various faults. All the investigations are performed in the “MATLAB/Simulink 2022a” environment. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed DWT-DNN, the results are compared with wavelet packet transforms (WPT) in terms of accuracy in detecting and classifying the faults. From the simulation findings and observations, it is evident that the proposed DNN produced fruitful results.
Towards a reference material for microplastics’ number concentration—case study of PET in water using Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Jacob Oliver , Stefaniak Elżbieta Anna , Seghers John , La Spina Rita , Schirinzi Gabriella F. , Chatzipanagis Konstantinos , Held Andrea , Emteborg Håkan , Koeber Robert , Elsner Martin , Ivleva Natalia P.
Published: March 2024

Increasing demand for size-resolved identification and quantification of microplastic particles in drinking water and environmental samples requires the adequate validation of methods and techniques that can be used for this purpose. In turn, the feasibility of such validation depends on the existence of suitable certified reference materials (CRM). A new candidate reference material (RM), consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles and a water matrix, has been developed. Here, we examine its suitability with respect to a homogeneous and stable microplastic particle number concentration across its individual units. A measurement series employing tailor-made software for automated counting and analysis of particles (TUM-ParticleTyper 2) coupled with Raman microspectroscopy showed evidence of the candidate RM homogeneity with a relative standard deviation of 12% of PET particle counts involving particle sizes >30 µm. Both the total particle count and the respective sums within distinct size classes were comparable in all selected candidate RM units. We demonstrate the feasibility of production of a reference material that is sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to the particle number concentration.

Graphical Abstract
Structural, morphological, and temperature-tuned bandgap properties of single-step thermally evaporated Sb2Se3 thin films
Authors: Terlemezoglu M.
Published: March 2024

In this study, antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) thin films were deposited on a glass substrate through a single-step thermal evaporation process, employing sintered powder as a source material. A detailed investigation of the structural, morphological, and temperature-dependent optical properties of fabricated thin films was performed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated the presence of the Sb2Se3 phase, characterized by an orthorhombic crystalline structure. Examination through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a fully covered, void-free, and densely packed morphology on the thin film surface. Raman spectrum of the film showed the vibrational characteristics of Sb2Se3. Transmission spectra of Sb2Se3 thin film were measured at various temperatures within the range of 10–300 K. The analysis of these measurements demonstrated that optical bandgap energy decreases from 1.28 to 1.25 eV as increasing temperature from 10 to 300 K. The variation of bandgap with temperature was accurately characterized by Varshni and Bose–Einstein relations to elucidate bandgap at 0 K, rate of change of bandgap, and Debye temperature. These findings in this study may be useful for advancing the development of Sb2Se3 film-based solar cell technology and its applications in optoelectronics.
Cat bite injuries to the hand and forearm: the impact of antibiotic treatment on microbiological findings and clinical outcome
Authors: Wangler Sebastian , Elias Miriam , Schoepke Linus , Merky Dominique N. , Meier Rahel , Vögelin Esther
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Patients and physicians often underestimate cat bite injuries. The deep and narrow wound seals quickly and provides an environment for the inoculated saliva and bacteria. Interestingly, the literature reports no bacterial growth in the microbiological workup of wound swaps in up to 43%. The time between bite injury and the first clinical presentation, the start of antibiotic treatment and surgical debridement might affect these findings. Therefore, the current project examines if (1) these factors impact the outcome of microbiological results following cat bite injuries and (2) the detection of bacterial growth leads to higher complication rates, longer hospital stays, longer total treatment time, or higher total treatment costs.

Materials and methods

This single-center retrospective study analyzed data from 102 adult patients. All patients received antibiotic and surgical treatment following a cat bite injury. Microbiological samples were collected during surgery in all cases. The time from the bite incident to the first presentation, beginning of antibiotic administration, and surgical debridement was calculated. Demographic data, complication rate, length of hospital stay, total treatment time, and total treatment costs were recorded. (1) A generalized linear model was fitted using the microbiological outcome as the dependent variable. (2) Two groups (negative or positive microbiological results) were formed and statistically compared.

Results

The median age was 50 (SD 16), and 72% were female. (1) The time from the bite incident to the first clinical presentation, antibiotic administration, or surgical treatment was not associated with the outcome of the microbiological result. (2) No significant differences were observed between the two groups.

Conclusions

Our data do not suggest that early antibiotic administration or delayed surgical treatment affects the outcome of the microbiological workup following cat bite injuries to the hand and forearm. The microbiological outcome did not affect the complication rate, treatment time, and total treatment costs.
Enzyme-labeled liquid-based cytology (ELLBC): a new noninvasive diagnostic method for bladder cancers
Authors: Jiang Chao , Li Xiang , Chen Ruilong , Yang Yongliu , Wang Yi
Published: March 2024

Background

Based on liquid-based cytology, we performed an enzyme histochemical staining using acid phosphatase as a marker and termed it ELLBC. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of ELLBC in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Methods

Fifty patients who were initially diagnosed with suspected bladder cancers (hematuria or bladder irritation symptoms, urinary ultrasound suggestive of bladder mass) at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Anhui, China) from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects, all of whom underwent ELLBC, CC, and histopathology Histopathology was used as the gold standard to calculate the diagnostic efficacy of ELLBC, CC and ELLBC combined with CC in bladder cancer.

Results

Histopathological examination revealed 35 positive cases in 50 patients, including 15 cases of high-grade uroepithelial carcinoma (HGUC) and 20 cases of low-grade uroepithelial carcinoma (LGUC.) The sensitivity of ELLBC was 82.86%, the specificity was 93.33%, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 96.67%, the negative predictive value (NPV) was 70.00%, and the accuracy was 86.00%; CC had a sensitivity of 37.14%, specificity of 80.00%, PPV of 81.25%, NPV of 35.29%, and accuracy of 50%; ELLBC combined with CC had a sensitivity of 88.57%, specificity of 73.33%, PPV of 88.57%, NPV of 73.33%, and accuracy of 84.00%. The sensitivity and specificity of ELLBC were higher than that of CC, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05), ELLBC combined with CC achieved higher sensitivity, but the diagnostic accuracy decreased. For clinical staging, the diagnostic accuracy was 86.36% for ELLBC and 40.91% for CC in patients in Stage I, and 90.91% for ELLBC and 36.36% for CC in patients in Stage II.

Conclusion

ELLBC has high clinical application value for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and can provide new options and methods for the early screening of bladder cancer.
A context-aware on-board intrusion detection system for smart vehicles
Authors: Micale Davide , Matteucci Ilaria , Fenzl Florian , Rieke Roland , Patanè Giuseppe
Published: March 2024

Modern vehicles are becoming more appealing to potential intruders due to two primary reasons. Firstly, they are now equipped with various connectivity features like WiFi, Bluetooth, and cellular connections, e.g., LTE and 5G, which expose them to external networks. Secondly, the growing complexity of on-board software increases the potential attack surface. In this article, we introduce CAHOOTv2, a context-sensitive intrusion detection system (IDS), aiming at enhancing the vehicle’s security and protect against potential intrusions. CAHOOTv2 leverages the vehicle’s sensors data, such as the amount of steering, the acceleration and brake inputs, to analyze driver habits and collect environmental information. To demonstrate the validity of the algorithm, we collected driving data from both an artificial intelligence (AI) and 39 humans. We include the AI driver to demonstrate that CAHOOTv2 is able to detect intrusions when the driver is both a human or an AI. The dataset is obtained using a modified version of the MetaDrive simulator, taking into account the presence of an intruder capable of performing the following types of intrusions: denial of service, replay, spoofing, additive and selective attacks. The sensors present in the vehicle are a numerical representation of the environment. The amount of steering, the acceleration and brake inputs given by the driver are based on the environmental situation. The intruder’s input often contradicts the driver’s wishes. CAHOOTv2 uses vehicle sensors to detect this contradiction. We perform several experiments that show the benefits of hyperparameter optimization. Indeed, we use a hyperparameter tuning paradigm to increase detection accuracy combining randomized and exhaustive search of hyperparameters. As a concluding remark, the results of CAHOOTv2 show great promise in detecting intrusions effectively.
Performance of fur clips and livestock markers for identifying vaccinated badgers
Authors: Benton Clare H. , Griffiths Amy L. , Delahay Richard J.
Published: March 2024

Marking free-living wild mammals may be desirable during field studies and management interventions; however, doing so presents practical challenges. In the context of disease management interventions, different approaches such as vaccination and culling may be deployed in adjacent areas resulting in a need to identify previously vaccinated individuals to avoid losses of vaccination benefits. Badgers (Meles meles) have been identified as a wildlife reservoir of bovine tuberculosis in several countries. In England, the primary means of controlling disease in badger populations has been culling, although policy also includes the use of badger vaccination. Vaccination and culling can therefore increasingly take place in adjacent areas. The current means of marking vaccinated badgers is to apply a fur clip; however, the performance of this method has not been assessed. In this study, we assessed the field performance of livestock markers not previously trialled on badgers. We also assessed the performance of fur clips in terms of (a) how likely they are to be detected on recapture and (b) their detectability using remote cameras. None of the livestock markers trialled persisted well on badger fur. Detectability of fur clips on re-captured badgers fell to 50% in adult badgers by approximately 3 months from application. In cubs, detectability fell to less than 50% within 3 weeks of application. We suggest it is highly likely that, if vaccination and culling were carried out in adjacent areas and fur clipping was the primary means of determining vaccination status, a proportion of recently vaccinated badgers would be removed, particularly cubs. This has important implications for disease control, and we suggest options for minimising such losses.
Semi-supervised diagnosis of wind-turbine gearbox misalignment and imbalance faults
Authors: Maestro-Prieto Jose Alberto , Ramírez-Sanz José Miguel , Bustillo Andrés , Rodriguez-Díez Juan José
Published: March 2024

Both wear-induced bearing failure and misalignment of the powertrain between the rotor and the electrical generator are common failure modes in wind-turbine motors. In this study, Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is applied to a fault detection and diagnosis solution. Firstly, a dataset is generated containing both normal operating patterns and seven different failure classes of the two aforementioned failure modes that vary in intensity. Several datasets are then generated, maintaining different numbers of labeled instances and unlabeling the others, in order to evaluate the number of labeled instances needed for the desired accuracy level. Subsequently, different types of SSL algorithms and combinations of algorithms are trained and then evaluated with the test data. The results showed that an SSL approach could improve the accuracy of trained classifiers when a small number of labeled instances were used together with many unlabeled instances to train a Co-Training algorithm or combinations of such algorithms. When a few labeled instances (fewer than 10% or 327 instances, in this case) were used together with unlabeled instances, the SSL algorithms outperformed the result obtained with the Supervised Learning (SL) techniques used as a benchmark. When the number of labeled instances was sufficient, the SL algorithm (using only labeled instances) performed better than the SSL algorithms (accuracy levels of 87.04% vs. 86.45%, when labeling 10% of instances). A competitive accuracy of 97.73% was achieved with the SL algorithm processing a subset of 40% of the labeled instances.

Graphical abstract

Steps and processes for approaching semi-supervised FDD of wind-turbine gearbox misalignment and imbalance faults
Tumor-associated fibrosis: a unique mechanism promoting ovarian cancer metastasis and peritoneal dissemination
Authors: Fujimoto Hiroki , Yoshihara Masato , Rodgers Raymond , Iyoshi Shohei , Mogi Kazumasa , Miyamoto Emiri , Hayakawa Sae , Hayashi Maia , Nomura Satoshi , Kitami Kazuhisa , Uno Kaname , Sugiyama Mai , Koya Yoshihiro , Yamakita Yoshihiko , Nawa Akihiro , Enomoto Atsushi , Ricciardelli Carmela , Kajiyama Hiroaki
Published: March 2024

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is often diagnosed in advanced stage with peritoneal dissemination. Recent studies indicate that aberrant accumulation of collagen fibers in tumor stroma has a variety of effects on tumor progression. We refer to remodeled fibrous stroma with altered expression of collagen molecules, increased stiffness, and highly oriented collagen fibers as tumor-associated fibrosis (TAF). TAF contributes to EOC cell invasion and metastasis in the intraperitoneal cavity. However, an understanding of molecular events involved is only just beginning to emerge. Further development in this field will lead to new strategies to treat EOC. In this review, we focus on the recent findings on how the TAF contributes to EOC malignancy. Furthermore, we will review the recent initiatives and future therapeutic strategies for targeting TAF in EOC.
On the integral solution of hyperbolic Kepler’s equation
Authors: Calvo M. , Elipe A. , Rández L.
Published: March 2024

In a recent paper of Philcox, Goodman and Slepian, the solution of the elliptic Kepler’s equation is given as a quotient of two contour integrals along a Jordan curve that contains in its interior the unique real solution of the elliptic Kepler’s equation and does not include other complex zeroes. In this paper, we show that a similar explicit integral solution can be given for the hyperbolic Kepler’s equation. With this purpose, we carry out a study of the complex zeros of the hyperbolic Kepler’s equation in order to define suitable Jordan contours in the integrals. Even more, we show that appropriate elliptic Jordan contours can be defined for such integrals, which reduces the computing time. Moreover, using the ideas behind the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, these integrals can be approximated by the composite trapezoidal rule which gives an algorithm with spectral convergence as a function of the number of nodes. The results of some numerical experiments are presented to show that this implementation is a reliable and very accurate algorithm for solving the hyperbolic Kepler’s equation.
Green Energy Pathways Towards Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Halkos George E. , Aslanidis Panagiotis-Stavros C.
Published: March 2024

Trying to reach carbon neutrality is by no means plain sailing in times of energy crisis, price volatility, and war. The European Green Deal (EGD) prioritizes green pathways, but it is not enough when it copes with greenhouse gases (GHGs). The present research utilizes the Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index (MLPI) to estimate advancements in total factor productivity (TFP) in the European Union (EU). The study uses panel data from 1995 to 2019, in addition, there is comparison between two periods: 1995 – 1996 and 2018 – 2019, would provide important information about TFP progress or recession during a turbulent European era. Two MLPI models are applied, one that utilizes only non-renewable energy sources (NRES), while the other adopts renewable energy sources (RES). Encompassing inputs such as: electricity generation, labour force, and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF); desirable output: gross domestic product; and undesirable outputs: carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). There is average productivity progress, more specifically the MLPI average productivity for NRES and RES is 2.14% and 7.34% respectively, meaning that the RES adoption leads to greater productivity performance by almost three times. This novel analysis might offer useful and practical information to policymakers through the measuring of TFP in order to effectively attain and accomplish carbon neutrality objectives.
Future opportunities for products derived from black soldier fly (BSF) treatment as animal feed and fertilizer - A systematic review
Authors: Siddiqui Shahida Anusha , Gadge Ankush Subhash , Hasan Muzaffar , Rahayu Teguh , Povetkin Sergey Nikolaevich , Fernando Ito , Castro-Muñoz Roberto
Published: March 2024

The pursuit of novel food products with good nutritional value for both direct and indirect human consumption is crucial. Given the nutritional benefits of insects and the sustainability of this sort of farming, using them as food for farmed animals is a promising alternative. In this regard, the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is most capable of efficiently converting a wide variety of organic materials, from food waste to manure, into insect biomass generating value and closing nutrient loops as they reduce pollution and costs. Their larvae have 29% fat and 42% crude protein, yet they have more saturated fats than most insects. They don't concentrate hazards such as mycotoxins or insecticides. Although rapid development is expected, insects remain underutilized in the animal feed industry mainly due to technical, financial, and regulatory barriers. The social stigmas and legal prohibitions against eating organisms that eat waste are added to extant taboos facing insect consumption. Bridging the knowledge gap is crucial to bring together stakeholders and to better understand the opportunities and challenges of this novel industry, so as to develop guidelines on producing insects on an industrial scale to facilitate the wider use of BSF products as animal feed, and fertilizer.
Renormalized stress-energy tensor on global anti-de Sitter space-time with Robin boundary conditions
Authors: Morley Thomas , Namasivayam Sivakumar , Winstanley Elizabeth
Published: March 2024

We study the renormalized stress-energy tensor (RSET) for a massless, conformally coupled scalar field on global anti-de Sitter space-time in four dimensions. Robin (mixed) boundary conditions are applied to the scalar field. We compute both the vacuum and thermal expectation values of the RSET. The vacuum RSET is a multiple of the space-time metric when either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions are applied. Imposing Robin boundary conditions breaks the maximal symmetry of the vacuum state and results in an RSET whose components with mixed indices have their maximum (or maximum magnitude) at the space-time origin. The value of this maximum depends on the boundary conditions. We find similar behaviour for thermal states. As the temperature decreases, thermal expectation values of the RSET approach those for vacuum states and their values depend strongly on the boundary conditions. As the temperature increases, the values of the RSET components tend to profiles which are the same for all boundary conditions. We also find, for both vacuum and thermal states, that the RSET on the space-time boundary is independent of the boundary conditions and determined entirely by the trace anomaly.
Student sociodemographic and school type differences in teacher-predicted vs. achieved grades for university admission
Authors: Leckie George , Maragkou Konstantina
Published: March 2024

In England, students apply to universities using teacher-predicted grades instead of their final end-of-school A-level examination results. Predicted rather than achieved grades therefore determine how ambitiously students apply to and receive offers from the most selective courses. The Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) encourages teachers to make optimistic predictions to motivate students to apply ambitiously and achieve higher grades. However, little is known about variations in optimism across students and schools, as well as the mechanisms behind such variations. If certain groups of students or schools are predicted more optimistically than others, this may distort application, offer, and acceptance rates between these groups. Such distortions have the potential to impact efforts to promote wider participation and enhance social mobility. In this study, we use newly linked administrative education data to show predicted grades are differentially optimistic by student sociodemographic and school characteristics. These variations are often substantial and can only be partially explained by differences in students’ prior achievements, the subjects they studied at A-level, the degree subjects they pursue, and their choices of university and courses. We find less educationally advantaged students are in general more rather than less optimistically predicted, although there are two important exceptions to this trend. Once we control for GCSE score and A-level subject, greater optimism is observed in independent schools and among Oxbridge applications. Thus, differential optimism is positively impacting some of the most educationally advantaged students in the country. Our findings contribute to the growing consensus advocating for reforms to the admissions system, including whereby students can continue to revise their course choices until they receive their achieved grades, and universities only make offers after that date.
Pregeometric Spaces from Wolfram Model Rewriting Systems as Homotopy Types
Authors: Arsiwalla Xerxes D. , Gorard Jonathan
Published: March 2024

How do spaces in physics emerge from pregeometric discrete building blocks governed by computational rules? To address this question we investigate non-deterministic rewriting systems (so-called multiway systems) of the Wolfram model. We express these rewriting systems as homotopy types. Using this new formulation of the model, we motivate how spatial structures are functorially inherited from pregeometric type-theoretic constructions. We show how higher homotopies are constructed from rewriting rules. These correspond to morphisms of ann-fold category. Subsequently, the$$n \rightarrow \infty $$n→∞limit of the Wolfram model rulial multiway system is identified as an$$\infty $$∞-groupoid, with the latter being relevant in light of Grothendieck’s homotopy hypothesis. We then go on to show how this construction extends to the classifying space of rulial multiway systems, which forms a multiverse of multiway systems and carries the formal structure of an$${\left( \infty , 1\right) }$$∞,1-topos. This correspondence to higher categorical structures potentially offers a new way to understand how the kinds of spaces relevant to physics result from pregeometric combinatorial models. The key issue we have addressed in this work is to relate abstract non-deterministic rewriting systems to higher homotopy spaces. A consequence of constructing spaces and geometry synthetically is that it removes the need to make ad hoc assumptions about geometric attributes of a model such as an a priori background or any pre-assigned geometric data. Instead, geometry is inherited functorially from higher structures. This can be particularly useful for formally justifying different choices of underlying spacetime discretization schemes adopted by various models of quantum gravity. We conclude with comments on how our framework of higher category-theoretic combinatorial constructions closely corroborates with other approaches investigating higher categorical structures relevant to the foundations of physics.
Machine learning-enabled real-time anomaly detection for electron beam powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Cannizzaro Davide , Antonioni Paolo , Ponzio Francesco , Galati Manuela , Patti Edoardo , Di Cataldo Santa
Published: March 2024

Despite the many advantages and increasing adoption of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-EB) additive manufacturing by industry, current PBF-EB systems remain largely unstable and prone to unpredictable anomalous behaviours. Additionally, although featuring in-situ process monitoring, PBF-EB systems show limited capabilities in terms of timely identification of process failures, which may result into considerable wastage of production time and materials. These aspects are commonly recognized as barriers for the industrial breakthrough of PBF-EB technologies. On top of these considerations, in our research we aim at introducing real-time anomaly detection capabilities into the PBF-EB process. To do so, we build our case-study on top of a Arcam EBM A2X system, one of the most diffused PBF-EB machines in industry, and make access to the most relevant variables made available by this machine during the layering process. Thus, seeking a proficient interpretation of such data, we introduce a deep learning autoencoder-based anomaly detection framework. We demonstrate that this framework is able not only to early identify anomalous patterns from such data in real-time during the process with a F1 score around 90%, but also to anticipate the failure of the current job by 6 h, on average, and in one case by almost 20 h. This avoids waste of production time and opens the way to a more controllable PBF-EB process.
Nonlinearly Optimized Dual Stereo Visual Odometry Fusion
Authors: Cabrera-Ávila Elizabeth Viviana , da Silva Bruno Marques Ferreira , Gonçalves Luiz Marcos Garcia
Published: March 2024

Visual odometry (VO) is an important problem studied in robotics and computer vision in which the relative camera motion is computed through visual information. In this work, we propose to reduce the error accumulation of a dual stereo VO system (4 cameras) computing 6 degrees of freedom poses by fusing two independent stereo odometry with a nonlinear optimization. Our approach computes two stereo odometries employing the LIBVISO2 algorithm and later merge them by using image correspondences between the stereo pairs and minimizing the reprojection error with graph-based bundle adjustment. Experiments carried out on the KITTI odometry datasets show that our method computes more accurate estimates (measured as the Relative Positioning Error) in comparison to the traditional stereo odometry (stereo bundle adjustment). In addition, the proposed method has a similar or better odometry accuracy compared to ORB-SLAM2 and UCOSLAM algorithms.
Novel Trinuclear Copper(II) Complex: Crystal Structure at 100 K and Magnetic Properties of (R, S)-di[(6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-methanolato]-tetra(2-hydroxybenzoato)-diaqua-tricopper dihydrate, [Cu3(C7H5O3)4(C20H20NO5)2(H2O)2]·2(H2O)
Authors: Valach Fedor , Pavlik Ján , Šalitroš Ivan , Melník Milan , Kožíšek Jozef
Published: March 2024

The crystal structure of [Cu3(C7H5O3)4(C20H20NO5)2(H2O)2]·2(H2O) (1) and analysis of temperature and field dependence of magnetic susceptibility is reported in this work. The structure of 1 is composed of trinuclear complex units and water molecules. The middle copper atom occupies the center of symmetry. N, O-bonded (6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-(3,4-di­methoxy-phenyl)-methanolato ligands, 2-hydroxybenzoates with bridging carboxylic groups, and oxo-bridged water molecules connect the middle Cu(II) atom with the terminal copper atoms. Two 2-hydroxybenzoates coordinate the terminal copper atoms via one carboxylic oxygen and an O atom of the hydroxyl group. The analysis of copper coordination by bond-valence sum approach and relevant structural correlation is consistent with hexacoordinated Cu(II) centers. Cu···Cu separation is 3.0269(3) Å. The magnetism of 1 shows a strong ferromagnetic interaction between the neighboring metallic centers accompanied by very weak antiferromagnetic intermolecular interactions. The complex units are mutually held by π···π stack interactions of 2-hydroxybenzoates and hydrogen bonds.

Graphical Abstract

A new N,O bonded ligands, (R, S)-[(6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-methanolate] coordinate the terminal atoms of the trinuclear copper(II) complex.
Parametric study for model calibration of a friction-damped turbine blade with multiple test data
Authors: Ferhatoglu Erhan , Botto Daniele , Zucca Stefano
Published: March 2024

Model updating using multiple test data is usually a challenging task for frictional structures. The difficulty arises from the limitations of nonlinear models which often overlook the uncertainties inherent in contact interfaces and in actual test conditions. In this paper, we present a parametric study for the model calibration process of a friction-damped turbine blade, addressing the experimentally measured response variability in computational simulations. On the experimental side, a recently developed test setup imitating a turbomachinery application with mid-span dampers is used. This setup allows measuring multiple responses and contact forces under nominally identical macroscale conditions. On the computational side, the same system is modeled in a commercial finite element software, and nonlinear vibration analyses are performed with a specifically developed in-house code. In numerical simulations, the multivalued nature of Coulomb’s law, which stems from the inherent variability range of static friction forces in permanently sticking contacts, is considered to be the main uncertainty. As the system undergoes vibration, this uncertainty propagates into the dynamic behavior, particularly under conditions of partial slip in contacts, thus resulting in response variability. A deterministic approach based on an optimization algorithm is pursued to predict the limits of the variability range. The model is iteratively calibrated to investigate the sensitivity of response limits to contact parameters and assembly misalignment. Through several iterations, we demonstrate how uncertain initial contact conditions can be numerically incorporated into dynamic analyses of friction-damped turbine blades. The results show a satisfactory level of accuracy between experiments and computational simulations. This work offers valuable insights for understanding what influences test rig response and provides practical solutions for numerical simulations to improve agreement with experimental results.
Labor market peer firms: understanding firms’ labor market linkages through employees’ internet “also viewed” firms
Authors: Li Nan
Published: March 2024

This paper studies the grouping of firms based on their labor-market connections, a significant departure from the traditional approach of grouping based on product-market connections. It also proposes a measure of labor market peers by analyzing the “also viewed” companies on two major online labor market platforms, LinkedIn and Glassdoor. Using the labor market peer measure, I examine whether firms that hire employees with similar skills and that are presumably exposed to the same labor-related risks and shocks exhibit a strong comovement of stock returns and accounting-based performance variables. I find that labor market peers overlap but differ from traditional product-market-based industry groupings, have significant incremental power to explain stock return and accounting-based performance measure comovements, and outperform traditional industry groupings in explaining return and wage comovements when a base firm shares more labor skills with its peers. Overall, the study highlights that labor market peers capture fundamental linkages between firms that are challenging to identify using traditional industry measures.
“So Lonely”: Comparative Law and the Quest for Interdisciplinary Legal Education
Authors: Resta Giorgio
Published: March 2024

For various reasons, that will be recalled and analysed throughout this paper, interdisciplinarity has become the keyword for any debate on legal education reform. However, what is meant by interdisciplinarity and how it should be achieved is open for discussion. Paradigms of “scientificity” of the law vary dramatically among legal cultures. Whereas in the US the advent of a more ‘substantial’ legal thought after the New Deal went hand in hand with the rise of the interdisciplinary paradigm, in Europe the traditional assumption of law’s autonomy has repeatedly been challenged, eroded and adapted, but it still represents the bulwark of the orthodox approach to law and legal scholarship. In the Continent, mainstream legal scholarship does not take as its object the social reality, but only the gamut of rules recognized as binding norms. Coherent with this approach is a model of legal education built around certain axioms, such as the statist and nationalist attitude, the extreme compartmentalization among the various branches of law, and the blindness to its surroundings. Comparative law is one of the few disciplines that provide a different role model for a legal scholar who is apt to confront the challenges of complex societies. Keeping at a reasonable distance the authority paradigm, embodying the spirit of enquiry and cherishing the values of pluralism (both in terms of legal pluralism and cognitive openness), comparativists may give specific content to the paradigm of the jurist as a social engineer. Comparative law may therefore offer an invaluable contribution to the debate on legal education reform.
Abomasal lesions found in postmortem examination of fattening Holstein-Friesian bulls from central Poland
Authors: Pyrek Paulina , Witt Karol , Szpringiel Monika , Jaśkowski Bartłomiej Maria
Published: March 2024

The health of the gastrointestinal tract in cattle is one of the factors influencing adequate nutrient absorption and body weight gain. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of lesions found in the abomasum of Polish fattening Holstein-Friesian bulls. A total of 149 abomasa from adult bulls from two voivodeships of central Poland were inspected for pathologicalanatomic position (displacement, volvulus), impaction, mucosal membrane lesions (inflammation, hyperplasia), and signs of parasite infestation(Moroccan leather, worm nodules) in one of the Polish abattoirs just after slaughter. Among all the examined males no lesions were observed in only 8 individuals. The most common findings were erosions (75.8%) and type 1 ulcerations (48.3%) of the body, pylorus, or both locations. Signs of parasite infestations were observed in 78.5% of the inspected animals. Significant differences correlated with age were found in the prevalence of healed ulcers, and between voivodeships in the prevalence of type 2 ulcers. The findings of this study indicate that most fattening bulls in Poland suffer from subclinical forms of abomasa inflammation (both diffuse and focal) and middle-large abomasum parasites invasions, which can influence the economics and profitability, as well as welfare, of livestock production.