bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Peng-Robinson Equation of State for Calculating Solid-Vapor and Solid-Liquid Equilibrium of CH4-CO2 System
Authors: Wibawa Gede , F. A. Nafi Muhammad , Permatasari Asti , Mustain Asalil
Published: July 2015

In this study, the performances of Peng-Robinson Equation of State combined with the classical mixing ruleswere evaluated to calculate solid-vapor equilibrium (SVE) and solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) of CH4-CO2system. The evaluation was performed by comparing the calculated values with the literature data. In thecalculation of SVE, the new binary interaction parameter values (kij) of CH4-CO2 mixtures were proposed in thiswork based on the experimental data. The proposed kij obtained in this work might increase the accuracy ofPeng-Robinson Equation of State by reducing average absolute deviation in the temperatures between calculatedvalues and literature data from (2.18% to 0.26%), (0.88% to 0.70%) and (0.61% to 0.44%) at CO2 compositionof 1%, 1.91% and 2.93%, respectively. Significant improvement was found at CO2 composition of 1%. In thecalculation of SLE, new parameters were not proposed since the calculation using the existing (literature) kijgives good results with an average absolute deviation of 0.5%.
Production of Xylitol from Oil Palm Empty Friuts Bunch: A Case Study on Bioefinery Concept
Authors: Kresnowati MTAP , Mardawati Efri , Setiadi Tjandra
Published: July 2015

The concept of biorefinery offers the utilization of biomass, in particular agricultural waste, to be converted intoenergy, chemicals, materials, and food. In 2013 Indonesia produced about 27.4 thousand tons of crude palm oil(CPO) which corresponds to approximately 30 thousand tons of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), the biomasswaste from palm oil industries. The huge availability of EFB in Indonesia may serve as a good starting point toimplement the concept of biorefinery. EFB mainly comprises of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Thecellulosic components of EFB have been thoroughly studied, i.e. for the production of bioethanol. Thehemicellulosic component of EFB, which is a polymeric substance that comprises mainly of xylose, has beenbarely explored. This paper reviewed the potential utilization of hemicellulosic component of EFB to beconverted to xylitol, the 5-carbon-sugar-alcohol which is low calorie, low Glycemic Index, and anti-cariogenic.The pretreatment and hydrolysis of EFB and the following fermentation of EFB hydrolysate to xylitol will bediscussed further.
The Effect of Decomposition Time on Cellulose Degradation in Ionic Liquid/Acid with Pressurized CO2
Authors: Sumarno Sumarno , Rahmawati Yeni , Risanti P. N. T , Mayangsari N. E.
Published: July 2015

Cellulose material is the most abundant carbohydrate that has a simple polymer structure, but it forms ofcrystalline micro-fibrils lead it insoluble in various solvent and highly resistant for hydrolysis process. Thedegradation of cellulose into glucose will increase the raw material for production of ethanol, isopropanol orbutanol. The conversion into oligomer can be applied for pharmaceutical, food additives, etc. There are manytechnologies for conversion of cellulose such as degradation with ionic liquids, acid, enzymatic/fermentation,and hydrothermal. In this work, we studied cellulose decomposition by hydrothermal process, and a combinationwith ionic liquids. We used NaCl as a simple ionic liquid, oxalic acid as a catalyst, and CO2 as pressurizing gasin order to enhance the degradability of cellulose in water. Cellulose and NaCl/oxalic acid solution (20 gr L-1)was conducted under 70 bar of subcritical CO2 in 125ºC and various decomposition times (1 to 5 h). Afterdecomposition time was achieved, the sample was separated between liquid and solid. For liquid product wereanalyzed by Dinitrosalicylic acid method (DNS method) using spectrophotometry UV-Vis and LiquidChromatography – Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). And solid products were analyzed by using X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The result shows that the glucose concentrations was increasewith an increasing decomposition time and reach a maximum at 4 hour. SEM and XRD showed the changes inthe morphology and the structure of cellulose.
El uso de Storify en la prensa online española e inglesa. ¿Añade o elimina valor a la noticia?
Authors: Meso Ayerdi Koldobika , Mendiguren Galdospin Terese , Agirreazkuenaga Onaindia Irati , Rivero Santamarina Diana
Published: July 2015

En los últimos tiempos las prácticas periodísticas se están reinventado para responder a un escenario complejo, marcado por la actualización constante, la abundancia informativa, la mayor presencia de las audiencias en el proceso comunicativo y la innovación en formatos/ soportes de consumo. En este nuevo ecosistema informativo en el que impera la abundancia de datos, surgen herramientas hipermedia que ofrecen la posibilidad de elegir y organizar los mismos para confeccionar un discurso narrativo ordenado y coherente. Una de estas herramientas es Storify. El presente artículo propone estudiar la calidad de las informaciones que se publican a través de esta herramienta en dos medios españoles y dos anglosajones: El País, El Mundo, The The Independent y The Guardian. Se trata de analizar aspectos como la temática más empleada, las redes más agregadas, la extensión de las presentaciones o la frecuencia con la que se emplea esta aplicación.
Motivaciones de uso de las redes sociales para el desarrollo del capital social de las mujeres de entorno rural
Authors: Vega Caro Luisa , Vico Bosch Alba , Rebollo Catalán Ángeles
Published: July 2015

Estudios previos han mostrado los riesgos de exclusión digital de comunidades rurales y personas mayores y cómo las motivaciones de uso influyen en las prácticas y hábitos de uso de las tecnologías. Con este trabajo queremos analizar cómo las motivaciones, que impulsan a las mujeres adultas de entorno rural a usar las redes sociales, favorecen el desarrollo de su capital social potenciando diferentes formas de participación en la cultura digital. Partiendo de una investigación más amplia sobre 478 mujeres andaluzas de zonas rurales de 18 a 65 años, este trabajo presenta un estudio cualitativo en profundidad de 13 de ellas mediante entrevistas autobiográficas sobre su experiencia en las redes. Los resultados muestran que el uso de las redes sociales descubre oportunidades de participación social vinculadas a diversas inquietudes, revelando las redes sociales como un espacio significativo para promover su participación en la vida cultural y social de sus comunidades.
Educación a distancia y políticas públicas en materia de telecentros digitales: el caso del proyecto “CASA” de México
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México, Ramírez Plascencia David
Published: July 2015

El presente trabajo se centra en el estudio del proyecto de telecentros “CASA”, México, con el fin de comprender el impacto de este instrumento de política pública en la población atendida. De especial interés se considera su origen, no gubernamental, en tanto iniciativa generada por un organismo público descentralizado, como es la Universidad de Guadalajara. El objetivo de CASA es permitir el acceso gratuito a Internet en zonas donde su uso es limitado y ofrecer cursos de educación continua, educación media superior, bachillerato, licenciaturas y posgrados a núcleos poblacionales marginados del Estado de Jalisco. El trabajo de campo se enfocó en detallar el uso social de la tecnología en una de sus sedes, buscando aportar elementos de análisis sobre la utilidad de los telecentros digitales como factores de impacto en la mejora de la calidad de vida de sus usuarios. Los resultados muestran un aporte significativo en este último ámbito, aunque aún falta diseñar estrategias para lograr un impacto de mayor amplitud.
Telenovela, recepción y debate social
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Amigo Bernardo , Bravo María Cecilia ,   Universidad de Chile, Osorio Francisco ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: July 2015

El artículo sintetiza un conjunto de investigaciones empíricas cualitativas sobre la ficción televisiva en Chile, realizadas entre 2007 y 2014. Específicamente, se centra en los mecanismos de interacción que se configuran entre la televisión y los telespectadores a través del género televisivo de la telenovela. Concluye que las dinámicas del debate social pueden influir en las condiciones simbólicas para la producción de discursos en la televisión, argumento que es contrario a la tesis clásica de los efectos directos de la televisión en la sociedad.
Evolución de la cobertura de la pobreza entre 2005 y 2014: qué ha cambiado y qué no en los noticiarios de televisión abierta en Chile
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile, Etchegaray Thielemann Nicolle , Matus Acuña Alejandra ,   Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
Published: July 2015

El presente estudio explora la evolución que ha registrado el tratamiento informativo de las temáticas asociadas a la pobreza en noticiarios de la televisión abierta chilena. Comparando los datos que emergen de dos estudios cuantitativos de contenido, aplicados en 2005 y 2014, se constata que las temáticas a partir de las cuales se retrata a segmentos pobres (desastres naturales y accidentes, delincuencia y vivienda) no han variado sustantivamente y persiste la costumbre de presentarlos con el apelativo de “pobladores” (en referencia a las sectores marginales en que habitan). Sin embargo, el trabajo periodístico muestra una evolución: se consulta a fuentes más diversas, se realizan notas más largas y los periodistas ceden el micrófono para incluir la voz de expertos y personas en situación de pobreza. Además, si antes se los retrataba como sujetos pasivos, receptores de ayuda, ahora crecen en el rol de agentes o coagentes en la solución a sus propios problemas.
The Supreme Court’s Loper Bright Ruling
Authors: Simon David A. , Young Michael J.
Published: August 2024

This Viewpoint explores the US Supreme Court’s ruling in Loper Bright Enterprises v Raimondo and the implications the ruling could have on the regulation of laboratory-developed tests and public health.
Religious Hospital Monopolies
Authors: Doernberg Sam , Richman Barak , Taylor Lauren
Published: August 2024

This Viewpoint discusses challenges posed by religious hospital monopolies for patients who do not share the same faith.
Making Sense of the Difference-in-Difference Design
Authors: Wing Coady , Dreyer Mallory
Published: August 2024

This Guide to Statistics and Methods describes the difference-in-differences study design.
Intimate Partner Violence and Parenting
Authors: Temple Jeff R. , Baumler Elizabeth , Wood Leila
Published: August 2024

This cohort study evaluates parental stress and protective factors mitigating risks for child maltreatment in the context of intimate partner violence.
Transgender Adolescent School Climate, Mental Health, and Adult Social Support
Authors: McQuillan Mollie T. , Cimpian Joseph R. , Lebovitz Benjamin A. , Gill Erin K.
Published: August 2024

This cross-sectional study describes gender differences in adolescent school climate, health, and social supports, including who depressed or anxious youth seek help from.
APOBEC3C‐mediated NF‐κB activation enhances clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Hase Nora , Misiak Danny , Taubert Helge , Hüttelmaier Stefan , Gekle Michael , Köhn Marcel
Published: August 2024

Renowned as the predominant form of kidney cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) exhibits susceptibility to immunotherapies due to its specific expression profile as well as notable immune cell infiltration. Despite this, effectively treating metastatic ccRCC remains a significant challenge, necessitating a more profound comprehension of the underlying molecular mechanisms governing its progression. Here, we unveil that the enhanced expression of the RNA‐binding protein DNA dC → dU‐editing enzyme APOBEC‐3C (APOBEC3C; also known as A3C) in ccRCC tissue and ccRCC‐derived cell lines serves as a catalyst for tumor growth by amplifying nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activity. By employing RNA‐sequencing and cell‐based assays in ccRCC‐derived cell lines, we determined that A3C is a stress‐responsive factor and crucial for cell survival. Furthermore, we identified that A3C binds and potentially stabilizes messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding positive regulators of the NF‐κB pathway. Upon A3C depletion, essential subunits of the NF‐κB family are abnormally restrained in the cytoplasm, leading to deregulation of NF‐κB target genes. Our study illuminates the pivotal role of A3C in promoting ccRCC tumor development, positioning it as a prospective target for future therapeutic strategies.
Non‐coplanar CBCT image reconstruction using a generative adversarial network for non‐coplanar radiotherapy
Authors: Wei Ran , Song Zhiyue , Pan Ziqi , Cao Ying , Song Yongli , Dai Jianrong
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To develop a non‐coplanar cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) image reconstruction method using projections within a limited angle range for non‐coplanar radiotherapy.

Methods

A generative adversarial network (GAN) was utilized to reconstruct non‐coplanar CBCT images. Data from 40 patients with brain tumors and two head phantoms were used in this study. In the training stage, the generator of the GAN used coplanar CBCT and non‐coplanar projections as the input, and an encoder with a dual‐branch structure was utilized to extract features from the coplanar CBCT and non‐coplanar projections separately. Non‐coplanar CBCT images were then reconstructed using a decoder by combining the extracted features. To improve the reconstruction accuracy of the image details, the generator was adversarially trained using a patch‐based convolutional neural network as the discriminator. A newly designed joint loss was used to improve the global structure consistency rather than the conventional GAN loss. The proposed model was evaluated using data from eight patients and two phantoms at four couch angles (±45°, ±90°) that are most commonly used for brain non‐coplanar radiotherapy in our department. The reconstructed accuracy was evaluated by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE) and an overall registration error ε, computed by integrating the rigid transformation parameters.

Results

In both patient data and phantom data studies, the qualitative and quantitative metrics results indicated that ± 45° couch angle models performed better than ±90° couch angle models and had statistical differences. In the patient data study, the mean RMSE and ε values of couch angle at 45°, −45°, 90°, and −90° were 58.5 HU and 0.42 mm, 56.8 HU and 0.41 mm, 73.6 HU and 0.48 mm, and 65.3 HU and 0.46 mm, respectively. In the phantom data study, the mean RMSE and ε values of couch angle at 45°, −45°, 90°, and −90° were 91.2 HU and 0.46 mm, 95.0 HU and 0.45 mm, 114.6 HU and 0.58 mm, and 102.9 HU and 0.52 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

The results show that the reconstructed non‐coplanar CBCT images can potentially enable intra‐treatment three‐dimensional position verification for non‐coplanar radiotherapy.
Semi‐automated vertex placement for lattice radiotherapy and dosimetric verification using 3D polymer gel dosimetry
Authors: Kunkyab Tenzin , Magliari Anthony , Jirasek Andrew , Mou Benjamin , Hyde Derek
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of an open‐source, semi‐automated, and reproducible vertex placement tool to improve the efficiency of lattice radiotherapy (LRT) planning. We used polymer gel dosimetry with a Cone Beam CT (CBCT) readout to commission this LRT technique.

Material and methods

We generated a volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)‐based LRT plan on a 2 L NIPAM polymer gel dosimeter using our Eclipse Acuros version 15.6 AcurosXB beam model, and also recalculated the plan with a pre‐clinical Acuros v18.0 dose calculation algorithm with the enhanced leaf modelling (ELM). With the assistance of the MAAS‐SFRThelper software, a lattice vertex diameter of 1.5 cm and center‐to‐center spacing of 3 cm were used to place the spheres in a hexagonal, closed packed structure. The verification plan included four gantry arcs with 15°, 345°, 75°, 105° collimator angles. The spheres were prescribed 20 Gy to 50% of their combined volume. The 6 MV Flattening Filter Free beam energy was used to deliver the verification plan. The dosimetric accuracy of the LRT delivery was evaluated with 1D dose profiles, 2D isodose maps, and a 3D global gamma analysis.

Results

Qualitative comparisons between the 1D dose profiles of the Eclipse plan and measured gel showed good consistency at the prescription dose mark. The average diameter measured 13.3 ± 0.2 mm (gel for v15.6), 12.6 mm (v15.6 plan), 13.1 ± 0.2 mm (gel for v18.0), and 12.3 mm (v18.0 plan). 3D gamma analysis showed that all gamma pass percent were > 95% except at 1% and 2% at the 1 mm distance to agreement criteria.

Conclusion

This study presents a novel application of gel dosimetry in verifying the dosimetric accuracy of LRT, achieving excellent 3D gamma results. The treatment planning was facilitated by publicly available software that automatically placed the vertices for consistency and efficiency.
Ocrelizumab alters the circulating metabolome in people with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Siavoshi Fatemeh , Ladakis Dimitrios C. , Muller Ashley , Nourbakhsh Bardia , Bhargava Pavan
Published: August 2024

Background

Circulating metabolite levels are altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) and are associated with MS severity. However, how metabolic profiles shift following highly efficacious therapies, like ocrelizumab remains unclear.

Objective

Circulating metabolite levels are altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) and are associated with MS severity. However, how metabolic profiles shift following highly efficacious therapies, like ocrelizumab remains unclear. To assess changes in the circulating metabolome produced by ocrelizumab treatment in people with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS).

Methods

Thirty‐one individuals with RRMS eligible for beginning treatment with ocrelizumab were recruited and followed with demographic, clinical, quality‐of‐life, and global metabolomics data collected at each visit. Modules of highly correlated metabolites were identified using the weighted correlation network analysis approach. Changes in each module's eigenmetabolite values and individual metabolites during the study were evaluated using linear mixed‐effects models.

Results

Patients with a mean age of 40.8 (SD = 10.30) years, and median disease duration of 4.0 (IQR = 8.5) years, were monitored for a median of 3.36 (IQR = 1.43) years. Two out of twelve identified sets of metabolites were altered significantly. The first module mainly contained androgenic and pregnenolone steroids (p‐value <0.001, coefficient: −0.10). The second module primarily consisted of several lysophospholipids, arachidonic acid, some endocannabinoids, and monohydroxy fatty acid metabolites (p‐value = 0.016, coefficient: −0.12), which its reduction was significantly associated with improvement based on overall disability response score (OR 3.09e‐01, 95% CI: 6.83e‐02, 9.09e‐01, p‐value = 3.15E‐02).

Interpretation

In this longitudinal observational study, using a global untargeted metabolomics approach, we showed significant alteration in circulating metabolome in RRMS patients undergoing ocrelizumab treatment. In particular, we observed a significant reduction in metabolites involved in the lysophospholipid pathway, which was associated with patients' improvement.
Rituximab in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Intarakhao Pasin , Laipasu Taksaporn , Jitprapaikulsan Jiraporn , Apiraksattayakul Natnasak , Kosiyakul Punchika , Siritho Sasitorn , Prayoonwiwat Naraporn , Ongphichetmetha Tatchaporn
Published: August 2024

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of rituximab (RTX) in stabilizing disability progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS).

Methods

A systematic review was conducted, encompassing studies from inception to April 2023, utilizing the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Inclusion criteria comprised studies with a minimum of 3 SPMS patients receiving intravenous RTX in at least one infusion, with a follow‐up duration of at least 6 months. Primary outcome measures included changes in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores. Mean differences in pre‐ and post‐RTX EDSS scores were analyzed using a random‐effects model. Meta‐regression examined age at RTX initiation, pre‐RTX EDSS scores, disease duration, and outcome reported time as variables. Secondary outcomes assessed changes in the annualized relapse rate (ARR).

Results

Thirteen studies, involving 604 SPMS patients, met the inclusion criteria. Following a mean follow‐up of 2 years, the mean difference in EDSS scores (ΔEDSS = EDSSpre‐RTX − EDSSpost‐RTX) was −0.21 (95% CI −0.51 to 0.08, p = 0.16), indicating no significant variation. Multivariable meta‐regression identified significant associations between EDSS score mean difference and pre‐RTX EDSS scores, disease duration at RTX initiation, and outcome reported time. However, age at RTX initiation showed no significant association. Pre‐ and post‐RTX ARR data were available for 245 out of 604 SPMS patients across seven studies, revealing a mean difference in ARR (ΔARR = ARRpre‐RTX − ARRpost‐RTX) of 0.74 (95% CI 0.19–1.29, p = 0.008).

Interpretation

RTX demonstrates efficacy in reducing relapse frequency and exhibits potential in stabilizing disability progression over a 2‐year follow‐up, particularly among individuals with shorter disease duration.
High‐Lying Triplet Excitons Utilization of Silole Derivatives Enables their Efficiency Breakthrough in OLEDs
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Linzhong , Samedov Kerim , Chen Mingxing , Chen Dongcheng , Cai Yuanjing
Published: August 2024

Siloles are routinely studied in the application of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their high performances of solid‐state fluorescence property and carrier mobility. The structures of siloles used in electroluminescence device reported so far can only utilize singlet excitons, limiting the device efficiency and commercialization. Seeking to build appliable molecular structures to achieve triplet excitons utilization in silole‐core emitters, two derivatives are designed, Silole‐1DPA‐TRZ and Silole‐1Cz‐TRZ, in which electron acceptor of triazine (TRZ) together with electron donors of diphenylamine (DPA) and carbazole (Cz) modified at 1‐position of silole unit form silole‐D‐A structures. This special molecular design, for the first time, enables triplet excitons harvest via high‐lying reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) process in silole derivatives with hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) characteristics. Experimental and theoretical studies show that relative to a stronger charge transfer state of Silole‐1Cz‐TRZ, a more equal local excitation/charge transfer distribution in the HLCT state of Silole‐1DPA‐TRZ is realized, making its application in silole‐based OLED with an efficiency breakthrough of ≈9.1% maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax).
Cradle‐to‐Gate Environmental Impact Assessment of Commercially Available Metal‐Organic Frameworks Manufacturing
Authors: Dutta Subhajit , Walden Madeline , Sinelshchikova Anna , Ettlinger Romy , Lizundia Erlantz , Wuttke Stefan
Published: August 2024

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising next‐generation crystalline porous materials with exceptional structural, chemical, and application diversity. Since their discovery, the reticular tunability and physiochemical properties of MOFs have been studied and carefully manipulated to make them suitable for a wide variety of applications. After decades of research, these materials are moving from the benchtop to commercial, industrial‐scale production. Although MOFs are now widely explored, the overall environmental impacts of these emerging materials are still underexplored. In this work, the first example of overall assessment of ten industrially produced and widely explored MOFs considering 18 diverse environmental impact categories such as global warming potential, fossil resource scarcity, water consumption, ecotoxicity, etc. via cradle‐to‐gate life cycle assessment is presented. Importantly, this study presents a comprehensive comparison between different synthetic methods of each MOF and compiles the environmental impacts associated only with the individual “synthesis” or “washing” steps. This study highlights the critical importance of using of green solvents over organic to reduce the overall environmental footprint. By identifying the synthetic drawbacks associated with different methods, this work provides a blueprint for the sustainable design and required future development of MOF synthesis.
A Gradient Nitrogen Doping Along Radial Direction of Carbon Nanotubes to Promote CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Zhang Yafang , Cui Song , Yu Chang , Song Xuedan , Li Wenbin , Tan Xinyi , Yang Wenxin , Liu Shuo , Qiu Jieshan
Published: August 2024

Developing metal‐free carbon catalysts with designable high nitrogen (N) content yet well‐organized N distribution within carbon at nanoscale is still one of the paramount challenges for electrochemical CO2 conversion. Herein, a gradient N doping enabled by the energetic microwave irradiation is realized along the radial direction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with an ultrahigh surface N content of 30.5 at%, beyond the upper limit of the tradition pyrolysis method. The unique time‐domain features of microwave heating presented as the sub‐minute residence time for precursors and relatively mild surface temperature on CNTs, contributing to the maximum reservation of the surface N species. The catalyst exhibits a prominent performance with great activity and selectivity for electrochemical CO2‐to‐CO conversion. Theoretical calculation confirmed the catalyst with high N‐doping level can promote the adsorption of CO2 molecule, with a low adsorption energy of −3.35 eV. This work provides a novel prototype to construct the distribution‐controlled and space‐intensive active sites over functional gradient metal‐free carbon materials.
Regulating Preferred Crystal Plane with Modification of Exposed Grain Boundary Toward Stable Zn Anode
Authors: Zhou Miao , Tong Zhuang , Li Hang , Zhou Xiaotao , Li Xu , Hou Zhaohui , Liang Shuquan , Fang Guozhao
Published: August 2024

Aqueous Zn metal batteries (ZMBs) are largely hampered by the poor stability of zinc (Zn) anode in aqueous electrolyte due to uncontrollable deposition behavior and parasitic reactions. Hence, a stable Glu@Zn anode via acid etching is developed that simultaneously exposes (002) plane and modifies exposed grain boundaries. The surface‐preferred (002) plane is achieved by minimizing its surface energy. And the exposed grain boundaries are also modified by decomposition products of acid etching, which can greatly reduce the adverse effects caused by highly active grain boundaries. These features favor Glu@Zn anode by accrediting a long‐term cycle lifespan exceeding 4400 h with a high average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.9%. Surprisingly, Glu@Zn anode can run for more than 250 h with 50% Zn utilization. The assembled Glu@Zn//NH4V4O10 full batteries deliver a specific capacity of 291.6 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles even at a low current density of 0.5 A g−1. It can also obtain a stable cycling performance up to 2000 cycles. To further verify its stability, a pouch cell is constructed that can preserve stable 400 cycles with 5 mAh. This study sheds light on surface energy regulation exposing preferred crystal plane to develop highly stable and reversible cycling aqueous ZMBs.
In Situ Synthesis of Br‐Rich CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets: Enhanced Stability and High PLQY for Wide Color Gamut Displays
Authors: Varnakavi Naresh , Velpugonda John Leo , Lee Nohyun , Nah Sanghee , Lin Lih Y
Published: August 2024

This study presents the Br‐rich in situ synthesis of blue‐emitting 2D CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) with various Br/Pb ratios using ZnBr2 as a Br precursor to enhance Br ion adsorption significantly. This leads to effective passivation of surface defects, particularly Pb−Br bonds, by increasing the positive charge density around Pb atoms, thus creating a stable bonding environment and reducing defect formation. Consequently, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) improves from 31.15% for a Br/Pb ratio of 2 to 87.2% for a ratio of 6. NPLs with a Br/Pb ratio of 6 also exhibit longer lifetimes (16.69 ns) and slower bleach recovery dynamics, indicating fewer non‐radiative recombination pathways and effective exciton dynamics. Additionally, NPLs with the Br/Pb ratio of 6 demonstrated better thermal stability, with an activation energy of 124.3 meV, indicating stronger exciton binding. These NPLs also exhibited enhanced stability, with UV tolerance at 43.9% and water resistance at 23.8%, making them suitable for displays and lighting. Furthermore, Br‐passivated CsPbBr3 NPLs are used as blue emitters in prototype white LEDs, achieving a wide color gamut, 126.6% of the National Television Standards Committee and 94.5% of Rec. 2020, demonstrating their potential for high‐quality lighting and advanced display technologies.
Operando Insights on the Degradation Mechanisms of Rhenium‐Doped and Undoped Molybdenum Disulfide Nanocatalysts During Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Open‐Circuit Conditions
Authors: Aymerich‐Armengol Raquel , Vega‐Paredes Miquel , Wang Zhenbin , Mingers Andrea M. , Camuti Luca , Kim Jeeung , Bae Jeongwook , Efthimiopoulos Ilias , Sahu Rajib , Podjaski Filip , Rabe Martin , Scheu Christina , Lim Joohyun , Zhang Siyuan
Published: August 2024

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanostructures are promising catalysts for proton‐exchange‐membrane (PEM) electrolyzers to replace expensive noble metals. Their large‐scale application demands high activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) as well as robust durability. Doping is commonly applied to enhance the HER activity of MoS2‐based nanocatalysts, but the effect of dopants on the electrochemical and structural stability is yet to be discussed. Herein, operando electrochemical measurements to the structural evolution of the materials down to the nanometric scale are correlated by identical location electron microscopy and spectroscopy. The range of stable operation for MoS2 nanocatalysts with and without rhenium doping is experimentally defined. The responsible degradation mechanisms at first electrolyte contact, open circuit stabilization, and HER conditions are experimentally identified and confirmed with the calculated Pourbaix diagram of Re‐doped MoS2. Doping MoS2‐based nanocatalysts is validated as a promising strategy for continuing the improvement of high‐performance and durable PEM electrolyzers.
Critical‐Layered MoS2 for the Enhancement of Supercontinuum Generation in Photonic Crystal Fibre
Authors: Xie Jin , Cheng Xu , Xue Guodong , Li Xiao , Zhong Ding , Yu Wentao , Zuo Yonggang , Liu Chang , Lin Kaifeng , Liu Can , Pang Meng , Jiang Xin , Sun Zhipei , Kang Zhe , Hong Hao , Liu Kaihui , Liu Zhongfan
Published: August 2024

Supercontinuum generation (SCG) from silica‐based photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is of highly technological significance from microscopy to metrology, but has been hindered by silica's relatively low intrinsic optical nonlinearity. The prevailing approaches of filling PCF with nonlinear gases or liquids can endow fibre with enhanced optical nonlinearity and boosted SCG efficiency, yet these hybrids are easily plagued by fusion complexity, environmental incompatibility or transmission mode instability. Here this work presents a strategy of embedding solid‐state 2D MoS2 atomic layers into the air‐holes of PCF to efficiently enhance SCG. This work demonstrates a 4.8 times enhancement of the nonlinear coefficient and a 70% reduction of the threshold power for SCG with one octave spanning in the MoS2‐PCF hybrid. Furthermore, this work finds that the SCG enhancement is highly layer‐dependent, which only manifests for a real 2D regime within the thickness of five atomic layers. Theoretical calculations reveal that the critical thickness arises from the trade‐off among the layer‐dependent enhancement of the nonlinear coefficient, leakage of fundamental mode and redshift of zero‐dispersion wavelength. This work provides significant advances toward efficient SCG, and highlights the importance of matching an appropriate atomic layer number in the design of functional 2D material optical fibers.
A Degradable Bioelectronic Scaffold for Localized Cell Transfection toward Enhancing Wound Healing in a 3D Space
Authors: Xiao Ao , Jiang Xinran , Hu Yongyan , Li Hu , Jiao Yanli , Yin Dedong , Wang Yuqiong , Sun Hong , Wu Han , Lin Long , Chang Tianrui , Liu Feng , Yang Kuan , Huang Zhaocun , Sun Yanan , Zhai Penghua , Fu Yao , Kong Shenshen , Mu Wei , Wang Yi , Yu Xinge , Chang Lingqian
Published: August 2024

Large skin wounds, with extensive surface area and deep vertical full‐thickness involvement, can pose significant challenges in clinical settings. Traditional routes for repairing skin wounds encompass three hallmarks: 1) scab formation for hemostasis; 2) proliferation and migration of epidermal cells for wound closure; 3) proliferation, migration, and functionalization of fibroblasts and endothelial cells for dermal remodeling. However, this route face remarkable challenges to healing large wounds, usually leading to disordered structures and loss of functions in the regenerated skin, due to limited control on the transition among the three stages. In this work, an implantable bioelectronics is developed that enables the synchronization of the three stages, offering accelerated and high‐quality healing of large skin wounds. The system efficiently electro‐transfect local cells near the wounds, forcing cellular proliferation, while providing a 3D porous environments for synchronized migration of epidermal and dermal cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the system achieved synchronous progression of multiple layers within the wounds, leading to the reconstruction of a complete skin structure similar to healthy skin, which presents a new avenue for the clinical translation of large wound healing.
Orthogonal Photo‐ and Thermo‐Responsive Fluorescent Polymeric Hydrogels for Multi‐Level Information Encryption and Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Lin Zhong , Wang Hong , Xiang Haibo , Wu Jingmei , Cui Jiaxi , Chen Jian , Chen Xudong
Published: August 2024

Stimulus‐responsive fluorescent polymeric materials (FPMs) that can change their fluorescent states via external stimuli have been widely applied in multi‐level information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting. While many efforts have mainly focused on the design of dual‐stimuli responsive FPMs, the construction of orthogonal photo‐ and thermo‐regulation of fluorescent polymeric systems remains a challenge. Here, the orthogonal photo‐ and thermo‐responsive fluorescent polymeric hydrogels (PTFPHs) containing capsules with the phase change materials (PCMs), photoresponsive molecules (DTE), and thermally responsive molecules (TPA‐DCPP) are reported. They are capable of reconfiguring fluorescence (none, green, yellow, red) via photo‐ and thermo‐induced fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. Additionally, not only can the thermochromic property of PTFPHs be regulated by modulating the composition of PCMs, but the thermochromic and photochromic properties of PTFPHs can also be tuned by using SDS to control the size of capsules. The developed hydrogels exhibited high fluorescence contrast, fast response, and excellent reversibility. The PTFPHs are successfully applied in multi‐level information encryption and integrated application between temperature monitoring and anti‐counterfeiting. The works represented a strategy for developing multi‐stimuli responsive PTFPHs in multi‐level information encryption and advanced anti‐counterfeiting.
Beyond Traditional Perovskites: Xenon's Influence on the Vibrational and Electronic Properties of K4Xe3O12
Authors: Mukherjee Supratik , Vaitheeswaran G
Published: August 2024

The perovskite structure is one of the most fascinating configurations existing in nature, with its physical and chemical properties heavily influenced by the nature and oxidation states of cations, stoichiometry, and crystalline structure. Layered perovskite material K4Xe3O12, an interesting member of this family, possesses energetic properties that require detailed investigation. To establish the governing principles and quantify the observed behaviors, a detailed computational investigation is conducted into the electronic, vibrational, structural, and optical characteristics of K4Xe3O12, utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The calculated elastic constants adhere to Born's criteria, affirming the mechanical stability of trigonal K4Xe3O12, with a bulk modulus (Bo) of ≈53.93 GPa. This low compressibility is intricately tied to its robust perovskite structure, featuring XeO6 octahedra sandwiched between XeO3 molecules. Precise determination of the valence‐conduction bandgap is crucial for understanding potential connections to the photodecomposition phenomenon. Using the Tran‐Blaha‐modified Becke‐Johnson (TB‐mB) potential alongside traditional generalized gradient approximation (GGA) approach, a bandgap of ≈1.32 eV is determined. Rapid fluctuations in optical properties also suggest a propensity for photodecomposition in the visible spectrum. The study provides critical insights into perovskite materials, especially those containing noble gas atoms, unveiling unique chemical and physical properties that open up new avenues for versatile applications across various fields.
Regioselective Doping into Atomically Aligned Core–Shell Structures for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia
Authors: Zhang Ying , Gao Tianyi , Zhang Fei , Qu Xuelian , Luo Yutong , Zhang Pu , Liang Jia , Song Yun , Fang Fang , Wang Fei , Sun Dalin , Liu Yang
Published: August 2024

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) presents an environmentally friendly approach for efficient NO3− pollutant removal and ammonia (NH3) production, compared to the conventional Haber–Bosch approach. While core/shell engineering has demonstrated its potential in enhancing NO3−RR performance, significant synthetic challenges and limited shell layer modification capabilities impede the exploration of high‐performance NO3−RR core/shell catalysts. Herein, CuCoO/Co(OH)2 core/shell structure via in situ electrochemical activation is synthesized. The catalyst delivers a maximum NH3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 94.7% at −0.5 VRHE with excellent durability and selectivity for NH3 over a wide range of potentials in NO3−RR, surpassing the electrocatalytic performance of both undoped shell and core components. The outstanding performance Cu─CoO/Co(OH)2 is ascribed to the enhanced charge transfer, stabilization of key reaction intermediates, and regulation of hydrogen adsorption over Cu‐doped core/shell structure. Furthermore, the assembled Zn−NO3− battery device attains a peak current density exceeding 32 mA cm−2 and an NH3 yield of up to 145.4 µmol h−1 cm−2. The work offers a novel core/shell engineering strategy in electrocatalytic NO3−RR and sheds light on the doping effects on the electrochemical NH3 synthesis.
Texture analysis of CT colonography to develop a novel imaging biomarker for the management of colorectal cancer
Authors: Mamiya Hisashi , Tochigi Toru , Hayano Koichi , Ohira Gaku , Imanishi Shunsuke , Maruyama Tetsuro , Kurata Yoshihiro , Takahashi Yumiko , Hirata Atsushi , Matsubara Hisahiro
Published: August 2024

Background

Recent studies have focused on evaluating the biomarker value of textural features in radiological images. Our study investigated whether or not a texture analysis of computed tomographic colonography (CTC) images could be a novel biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

This retrospective study investigated 263 patients with CRC who underwent contrast‐enhanced CTC (CE‐CTC) before curative surgery between January 2014 and December 2017. Multiple texture analyses (fractal, histogram, and gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix [GLCM] texture analyses) were applied to CE‐CTC (portal‐venous phase), and fractal dimension (FD), skewness, kurtosis, entropy, and GLCM texture parameters, including GLCM‐correlation, GLCM‐autocorrelation, GLCM‐entropy, and GLCM‐homogeneity, of the tumor were calculated. These texture parameters were compared with pathological factors (tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and lymphatic invasion) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Tumor depth was significantly associated with FD, kurtosis, entropy, GLCM‐correlation, GLCM‐autocorrelation, GLCM‐entropy, and GLCM‐homogeneity (p = 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.018, 0.008, and 0.001, respectively); lymph node metastasis was associated with GLCM‐homogeneity (p = 0.004); lymphatic invasion was associated with GLCM‐correlation and GLCM‐homogeneity (p = 0.001 and 0.012, respectively); and venous invasion was associated with FD, entropy, GLCM‐correlation, GLCM‐autocorrelation, and GLCM‐entropy of the tumor (p = 0.001, 0.033, 0.021, 0.046, respectively). In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients with high GLCM‐correlation tumors or high GLCM‐homogeneity tumors showed a significantly worse OS than others (p = 0.001 and 0.04, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed that the GLCM correlation was an independent prognostic factor for the OS (p = 0.021).

Conclusion

CE‐CTC‐derived texture parameters may be clinically useful biomarkers for managing CRC patients.
Spatiotemporal Nitric Oxide Modulation via Electrochemical Platform to Profile Tumor Cell Response
Authors: Won Chanju , Kim Sojin , Kwak Dongvin , Kim Taemin , Kim Jinhui , Lee Eunjun , Kim Suyeon , Velmurugan Adith Ramakrishnan , Ringe Stefan , Kim Hugh I. , Jin Kyoungsuk
Published: August 2024

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule intricately implicated in oncologic processes, encompassing the modulation of angiogenesis and instigating apoptosis. Investigation of the antitumor effects of NO is currently underway, necessitating a detailed understanding of its cellular‐level reactions. Regulating the behavior of radical NO species has been a significant challenge, primarily due to its instability in aqueous environments by rapid O2‐induced degradation. In this study, we devised an electrochemical platform to investigate the cellular responses to reactive gaseous molecules. Our designed platform precisely controlled the NO flux and diffusion rates of NO to tumor cells. COMSOL Multiphysics calculations based on diffusion and reaction kinetics were conducted to simulate the behavior of electrochemically generated NO. We discerned that the effective radius, NO flux, and electrolysis duration are pivotal factors governing cellular response by NO.
Non‐Ionic Peterson‐Type Olefination Reactivity and its Use in a Silicon‐Promoted Carbonyl‐Carbonyl Cross Coupling Reaction
Authors: Tran Thuan T. , Arkhypchuk Anna I. , Ott Sascha
Published: August 2024

The [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between the Si=C double bond of adamantylsilene and the carbonyl group of aliphatic, aromatic or acetylenic ketones and aldehydes is demonstrated. The product of this reaction that is central to a non‐ionic version of the Peterson olefination is an unusual four‐membered 1,2‐silaoxetane heterocycle that was characterized spectroscopically and crystallographically. In the presence of SiO2, the silaoxetane undergoes retro‐cycloaddition with the formation of alkene products. As the [2+2] cycloaddition proceeds without the necessity of any base, enolizable ketones can be converted into olefins. In addition, it is shown that the adamantylsilene can be produced in situ by a sila‐Peterson reaction, providing valuable input for the development of a new one‐pot silicon‐based reductive carbonyl‐carbonyl cross coupling methodology.
Spin‐State Switching of Spin‐Crossover Complexes on Cu(111) Evidenced by Spin‐Flip Spectroscopy
Authors: Johannsen Sven , Robles Roberto , Weismann Alexander , Ridier Karl , Berndt Richard , Gruber Manuel
Published: August 2024

Spin‐crossover compounds can be switched between two stable states with different magnetic moments, conformations, electronic, and optical properties, which opens appealing perspectives for technological applications including miniaturization down to the scale of single molecules. Although control of the spin states is crucial their direct identification is challenging in single‐molecule experiments. Here we investigate the spin‐crossover complex [Fe(HB(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)3)2] on a Cu(111) surface with scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. Spin crossover of single molecules in dense islands is achieved via electron injection. Spin‐flip excitations are resolved in scanning tunneling spectra in a magnetic field enabling the direct identification of the molecular spin state, and revealing the existence of magnetic anisotropy in the HS molecules.
NIR‐II AIEgens for Infectious Diseases Phototheranostics
Authors: Yan Dingyuan , Li Zheng , Lee Michelle M. S. , Zhong Tang Ben , Wang Dong
Published: August 2024

Pathogenic infectious diseases have persistently posed significant threats to public health. Phototheranostics, which combines the functions of diagnostic imaging and therapy, presents an extremely promising solution to block the spread of pathogens as well as the outbreak of epidemics owing to its merits of a wide‐spectrum of activity, high controllability, non‐invasiveness, and difficult to acquire resistance. Among multifarious phototheranostic agents, second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) are notable by virtue of their deep penetration depth, excellent biocompatibility, balanced radiative and nonradiative decay and aggregation‐enhanced theranostic performance, making them an ideal option for combating pathogens. This minireview provides a systematical summary of the latest advancements in NIR‐II AIEgens with emphasis on the molecular design and nanoplatform formulation to fulfill high‐efficiency in treating bacterial and viral pathogens, classified by disease models. Then, the current challenges, potential opportunities, and future research directions are presented to facilitate the further progress of this emerging field.
Enhancement of Lithium‐Mediated Nitrogen Reduction by Modifying Center Atom of Tetraalkyl‐Type Ionic Liquids
Authors: Yang Sungbin , Chu Jinwoo , Park Jihye , Kim Hyungjun , Shin Byungha
Published: August 2024

The lithium‐mediated nitrogen reduction reaction (Li‐NRR) offers a viable alternative to the Haber–Bosch process for ammonia production. However, ethanol, a common proton carrier in Li‐NRR, exhibits electrochemical instability, leading to oxidation at the anode or byproduct formation at the cathode. This study replaces alcoholic proton carriers with ionic liquids (ILs), specifically tetrabutylphosphonium chloride (TBPCl) and tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACl), to examine how the electronegativity differences between the central atom and adjacent carbon of the cation affect catalytic performance. The results show that switching the central atom in tetraalkyl‐type ILs markedly enhances performance, specifically resulting in a 1.45‐fold increase in Faradaic efficiency (FE) with the transition from phosphonium to ammonium cation of ILs. Additionally, optimal IL concentrations in the electrolyte are identified to maximize ammonia yield. TBACl, in particular, demonstrates enhanced ammonia production and operational stability, achieving an ammonia yield rate of 13.60 nmol/cm2/s, an FE of 39.5 %, and operational stability for over 12 h under conditions of 10 mA/cm2 and 10 atm. This research underscores the potential of precise IL modifications for more efficient and sustainable Li‐NRR.