bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of groundwater potential zones using geospatial techniques in Mangalore Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Eka Putri Elsa , Hamidi Masyhuri , M Shet Suraj , S A Swapna
Published: January 2025

Despite sufficient rainfall, a large part of India suffers from water scarcity. Groundwater occurs in weathered or semi-weathered/fractured layers in hard-rock areas whose thickness varies, generally, from 5m to 20m. Satellite pictures are widely being used for groundwater exploration. Study and analysis of remote sensing data is a fast and economical way of finding and exploring. Present study, for assessment of groundwater availability in Mangalore taluk, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka state, shows various groundwater potential zones delineated using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Groundwater availability in Mangalore taluk was divided based on its hydro geomorphologic conditions. Satellite imageries are used for preparing various thematic maps, viz. slope, drainage density, lineament, land use/cover, soil, rainfall, geology and geomorphology map, which were transformed to raster class data using the feature to raster converter tool in ArcGIS. All the raster maps were allocated a fixed percentage of influence, after which a weighted overlay tool or technique was used. Each weighted thematic layer was computed statistically for the groundwater potential zones. The results were verified with bore well yield data from India Water Resources Information System (IWRIS). The results yielded a good match with the obtained bore well data with an accuracy of 82.14%.
The influence of changes in Sundanese cultural behavior on post-earthquake disaster assistance program support in Cianjur Regency
Authors: Kurniadi Anwar , Maarif Syamsul , Syamsunasir  , Dewa Ketut Kerta Widana I
Published: January 2025

The impact of earthquake disasters can affect cultural changes that can hinder the provision of aid if not handled quickly. This research aimed to analyze the effect of changes in the pillars of Sundanese culture on the provision of assistance during the post-earthquake disaster in Cianjur Regency. The research method used was qualitative with a descriptive design. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation, while data analysis was through data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of the research showed that the impact of the earthquake resulted in changes to 2 of the 7 pillars of Sundanese culture, namely: a) Tengginas, which was characterized by feeling hopeless, and reluctant to work again, depending on the help of others; b) Someah who is characterized as not needing to be friendly towards those who give aid, not ashamed to take help without permission, forcing the help giver to follow his wishes. Collaboration between LDMA services, social services, INAF, IRP, religious leaders, and youth leaders, the problems of Tengginas and Someah culture can be resolved, so that they do not interfere with aid programs for the emergency response and recovery period.
Minangkabau philanthropy: The spirits and behaviours of generosity of the Nagari communities in facing natural disasters
Authors: Nopriyasman Nopriyasman , Asnan Gusti , Ferdinal Ferdinal , Zahid Indirawati , Harits Ritonga Abdul
Published: January 2025

The world of philanthropy in traditional societies reflects communal behaviour in ensuring the social life of adat communities in Nagari. The historical aspects of philanthropy are crucial in revealing the values that guide social communities in facing natural disasters. This study explores the historical values of traditional societal behaviour in philanthropy, driven by Minangkabau history, cultural expressions, and the reality of social practices. The research follows historical methods and historical thinking stages. It employs a qualitative approach within a multidisciplinary framework (history, culture, and language), and quantitative approach through questionnaire. The findings show that philanthropic practices foster solidarity within Nagari communities and among their diaspora members. This bond is reflected in traditional charitable behaviours based on empowering the Nagari community’s identity through historical, cultural, and religious ties to ensure survival during calamities. Local philanthropy in disaster-affected areas strengthens in terms of volunteer labour, while financial aid increases among unaffected communities beyond and diasporas. This study is valuable for maintaining social integration, solidarity, social justice, togetherness, and a shared sense within adat communities and for the active participation of the Minangkabau people in particular and Indonesians in general.
Identification of landslide vulnerable zones in West Khasi District of Meghalaya
Authors: Bose Mahalingam , Indraddin  , De Trisha , Channabasappa K.
Published: January 2025

A landslide is a mass of rock, debris, or earth moving down a slope. Landslides are a form of mass waste under the direct influence of gravity, indicating any down-slope movement of rock and soil. Landslide encompasses five forms of slope movement: topples, falls, spreads, slides, and flows. Landslides are the large-scale movement of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. The present study was conducted to identify the landslide-vulnerable zones in the West Khasi District of Meghalaya. In total, nine parameters were chosen to assess the vulnerability, such as geology, geomorphology, lithology, elevation, slope, lineament, rainfall, land use and land cover, and soil. These parameters were classified into five groups and ranked between 1 and 5, in which the value 1 indicates highly vulnerable, and the value 5 indicates less vulnerable. Further, the overall weightage for each parameter was computed using AHP. Then, a weighted overlay analysis was carried out in ArcGIS Pro. The result was classified into five classes: very high to very low vulnerable areas. The result showed that a larger area of the district is covered by moderate vulnerability.
Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism with Edoxaban over 18 Months: Results from ETNA-VTE Europe
Authors: Agnelli Giancarlo , Hoffmann Ulrich , Hainaut Philippe , Gaine Sean , Ay Cihan , Coppens Michiel , Schindewolf Marc , Jimenez David , Fronk Eva-Maria , Souza José , Laeis Petra , Bramlage Peter , Brüggenjürgen Bernd , Levy Pierre , Cohen Alexander T. ,   on behalf of the ETNA-VTE-Europe investigators
Published: January 2025

Background The benefits and risks of extending anticoagulant treatment beyond the first 3 to 6 months in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in clinical practice are not well understood.

Methods ETNA-VTE Europe is a prospective, noninterventional, post-authorization study in unselected patients with VTE treated with edoxaban in eight European countries for up to 18 months. Recurrent VTE, major bleeding, and all-cause death were the primary study outcomes.

Results The median age of the 2,644 patients was 65 years; 46.6% were female, and 22.8% had a history of VTE. The median treatment duration was 50.6 weeks (interquartile range: 23.4–77.7). VTE recurrence occurred in 100 patients (3.8% at an annual rate of 2.7%/year); 37 patients (1.4%) were on edoxaban at the time of the event, with a corresponding annualized rate of 1.6%/year. Major bleeding was experienced by 37 patients (1.4%) during edoxaban treatment, corresponding to an annualized rate of 1.5%/year. Overall, 95 patients died (3.6%; annualized rate 2.6%/year), with the majority for reasons other than VTE- and cardiovascular (CV)-related causes. Out of 15 deaths (1.9%; annualized rate 2.1%/year) that occurred during edoxaban treatment, 1 was related to VTE and 11 related to CV (annualized rate 0.0%/year and 0.5%/year).

Conclusions ETNA-VTE Europe provides evidence for the real-world effectiveness of edoxaban treatment (up to 18 months) based on a low rate of VTE recurrence, all-cause death, and major bleeding, and is aligned with the results of the randomized clinical trial reassuring the use of edoxaban in the treatment of VTE in routine clinical practice.
Generation Z in Plastic Surgery: Challenges, Solutions and New
Horizons – A European and transatlantic overview
Authors: Giunta Riccardo E. , Bassetto Franco , Demirdöver Cenk , Evans Gregory R.D. , Henley Mark , Kaartinen Ilkka , Lehnhardt Marcus , Masia Jaume , McArthur Paul , Saboye Jacques , Steubing Yonca , Aranda Irene Mesas
Published: January 2025

Introduction  The entrance of Generation Z (born 1997–2012) into
professional life, including the practice of medicine, marks a transformational
shift in priorities and values. This generation, shaped by digital immersion and
a strong focus on work-life balance, is redefining the landscape of Plastic
Surgery. Their preferences for inclusivity, innovation, and structured working
hours challenge traditional models of mentorship, patient care, and surgical
training. The aim of this survey was to explore the impact of Generation Z on
the field of Plastic Surgery through insights offered by leaders of major
Plastic Surgery societies in Europe and the United States, who together provide
a comprehensive perspective on generational change and its implications for
clinical practice, education, and healthcare systems in Plastic Surgery.

Methods  In October 2024 eight leaders of national Plastic Surgery
societies and associations were invited to complete a structured questionnaire
with five open-ended questions. They provided detailed responses on challenges,
opportunities, and structural changes needed to address Generation Zʼs
influence.

Results  Key findings highlight a generational shift in the approach to
professional life, with an emphasis on digital innovation, work-life balance,
and the interaction with social media. Respondents noted an increased interest
in aesthetic over reconstructive surgery and a preference for private practice
among younger surgeons, raising concerns about workforce shortages in public
healthcare. Advances in digital learning and simulation-based training were
identified as opportunities to facilitate medical education. However, the
ethical challenges of misinformation on social media and a decline in
hierarchical mentorship were emphasized as critical concerns. Despite
generational tensions, the integration of Generation Z’s strengths in technology
and advocacy for systemic reform holds promise for addressing burnout and
enhancing healthcare delivery.

Conclusion  The arrival of Generation Z in Plastic Surgery represents a
possible pivotal moment to reimagine traditional models of surgical education,
patient care, and professional priorities. Collaboration between generations and
proactive adaptation to these changes is an imperative to ensure a dynamic,
inclusive, and sustainable future for the specialty.
A Long-term Evaluation: Deep Plane versus High SMAS Face Lift
Authors: Mariani Marta , Fabbri Mariachiara , Serra Pietro Luciano , Murone Vittoria , Scucchi Benedetta , Botti Chiara , Botti Giovanni
Published: January 2025

In the last few years, the Deep Plane Face Lift (DPFL) has gained great popularity among plastic surgeons, even if its origins are traced back to the 1970s. Certainly, it could have some advantages but based on our experience, it can reveal some unpleasant features in the long term. For this reason, the senior authors have adopted the high superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) Face Lift for many years in their surgical practice.

The goal of our study is to analyze the DPFL critical aspects in the long term and show how the High SMAS Face Lift (HSFL) technique can help to improve them.
A novel of minimal AIEEgens: little structure modification with great property change
Authors: Chu Xiang-Long
Published: January 2025

In this study, a series of small molecules based on 3-(dimethylamino)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one have been prepared under mild reaction conditions. Most of compounds showed high fluorescence quantum yield in the solid-state (ΦFmax = 0.75). In addition, the fluorescence emission color was effectively and simply changed by modifying the substituent on the aromatic ring. The crystalline state and the photophysical properties of all the compounds in THF(DMF)/water mixtures were investigated, exhibiting marked aggregation-induced enhanced emission characteristics. The X-ray crystallographic analysis explained the different emission of these compounds.
An experimental study of enhancing glass machining via vibration-assisted micro-milling
Authors: Satpute Vinod , Huo Dehong , Hedley John , Degenaar Patrick , Dale Carl
Published: January 2025

Glass, with its valuable properties, finds extensive use in aerospace, optics, and biomedical fields. Owing to its low fracture toughness, glass typically fractures in a brittle manner during machining, resulting in poor surface quality. This paper presents an experimental investigation of vibration-assisted machining (VAM) techniques to enhance the machining of glass materials. A novel high-frequency two-dimensional VAM system specifically designed for glass is introduced, and slot milling experiments are conducted using ultrasonic high-frequency vibrations. A low-frequency nonresonant VAM system is also employed for comparison purposes. A comprehensive examination is made of the effects of various machining parameters, such as feed rate, cutting speeds, and vibration parameters, including vibration modes and amplitudes, on the machining performance of glass. Surface roughness, edge chipping generation, and tool wear are thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The findings demonstrate that under specific machining and vibration parameters, the proposed ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-milling (UVAMM) system can achieve a nanometric surface roughness Ra for glass. The UVAMM system offers enhanced surface quality, improved edge quality, and reduced tool wear compared with conventional machining techniques. This study provides valuable insights and directions for the application of 2D VAM systems in achieving superior machining results for glass components at small scales with nanometric surface finishes.
The evolution of the Amber additive protein force field: History, current status, and future
Authors: Wang Xianwei , Xiong Danyang , Zhang Yueqing , Zhai Jihang , Gu Yu-Cheng , He Xiao
Published: January 2025

Molecular dynamics simulations are pivotal in elucidating the intricate properties of biological molecules. Nonetheless, the reliability of their outcomes hinges on the precision of the molecular force field utilized. In this perspective, we present a comprehensive review of the developmental trajectory of the Amber additive protein force field, delving into researchers’ persistent quest for higher precision force fields and the prevailing challenges. We detail the parameterization process of the Amber protein force fields, emphasizing the specific improvements and retained features in each version compared to their predecessors. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges that current force fields encounter in balancing the interactions of protein–protein, protein–water, and water–water in molecular dynamics simulations, as well as potential solutions to overcome these issues.
Synchronization of chaotic optomechanical system with plasmonic cavity for secured quantum communication
Authors: Dangish Mulubirhan , Gemta Abebe Belay , Kumela Alemayehu Getahun , Sherefedin Umer , Birhanu Ruth
Published: January 2025

Cavity optomechanical systems generate, manipulate, and detect quantum states of light by exploiting the intricate interplay between light confined to optical cavities and mechanical vibrations. However, these systems can be subjected to thermal noise due to the inherent thermal vibrations of the mechanical components, introducing fluctuations that can obscure the delicate quantum states and dynamics of the system. Therefore, in this study, we present a theoretical analysis of the synchronization dynamics in chaotic optomechanical systems comprising two cavity modes: one strongly influenced by a localized surface plasmon field and another exhibiting minimal influence. We investigated the energy transfer efficiency of silicon divacancies, gallium arsenide, and indium phosphide by analyzing their absorption and extinction cross sections. The results indicate that gallium arsenide surpasses both silicon divacancies and indium phosphide in performance. Employing the Hamiltonian notation, we calculated the effect of optical force and damping rates on the optomechanical system over time. In addition, using Lyapunov chaotic attractors, we demonstrated that the localized surface plasmons significantly boost the strength of the electromagnetic field within the strongly influenced cavity mode and effectively synchronize the two modes through a coherent phase relationship with minimal error. Further, we exploited the initial chaotic behavior for quantum key generation, showcasing the system’s potential for efficient and secure quantum communication within a time frame of 0.7 μs. Our findings pave the way for enhanced coherence and reliability in secure quantum communication systems, thus contributing to the advancement of this rapidly evolving field.
Temperature prediction of high-temperature and high-enthalpy plasma generators based on machine learning
Authors: Xie Yanan , Jiang Qihao , Gao Yiyang , Liu Yanming , Wei Qiang
Published: January 2025

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is widely used in aerospace engineering and material processing for generating high-purity, high-temperature airflow, crucial for applications like thermal protection and plasma stealth. A scientific device developed at Xidian University utilizes ICP technology to simulate plasma sheath characteristics and enables high-resolution plasma diagnostics. This study applies machine learning (XGBoost algorithm) to predict temperature characteristics of quartz tubes in plasma generators, focusing on preventing overheating and improving system stability. Generated models are utilized to predict the temperature extremes and the heating rates of the quartz tube in various experimental conditions. By analyzing key features such as argon and air intake rates, intake durations, and coil voltage, this study demonstrates that machine learning delivers highly accurate predictions (R2 = 0.90 for temperature peaks and R2 = 0.82 for heating rates). This work also quantitatively emphasizes the significance of voltage and air intake parameters in determining the temperature characteristics of plasma generators and providing key insights for optimizing system performance and improving experimental standardization, ensuring their stable and long-lasting performance.
Studies on key seed physico-chemical factors and climatic variables regulating hardseededness in green gram (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes
Authors: Paul Debashis , Chakrabarty S. K. , Nain Lata , Maity Aniruddha
Published: January 2025

Context Green gram (Vigna radiata) is an important source of plant-based dietary protein. ‘Physical dormancy’ or ‘hardseededness’ is prevalent in many released varieties of green gram in India. Green gram seeds exhibit a variable proportion of hard seeds that do not imbibe water. Presence of hard seeds results in uneven germination, lower field emergence and leads to poor yield. Hardseededness is primarily attributed to thick impermeable seed coat, lignin content, and structural carbohydrates, which is controlled genetically as well as by prevailing environmental interactions. Aim To identify the major biochemical and growing conditions regulating the hardseededness in green gram. Methods Ninehard seeded (HS) and nine non-hard seeded (NHS) genotypes of green gram were evaluated for variation in hardseededness and physico-chemical parameters during two consecutive monsoon and summer season. Key results Hardseededness varied significantly between HS and NHS genotypes as well as between the growing seasons. Physico-chemical parameters like lignin content, cellulose, hemicelluloses, total phenol, and calcium content varied significantly among HS and NHS genotypes and also between monsoon and summer produced seeds. Conclusions Green gram genotypes produced in summer season exhibited lower proportion of hard seeds compared to those grown in the monsoon season. This may be due to higher atmospheric temperature at the time of seed maturity as well as relatively lower lignin, calcium, phenol, and structural carbohydrate content in varieties. Implications Our findings indicated that the summer season may be preferred over monsoon for production of quality seeds of identified hard seeded green gram varieties.
Solid-State Fungal Fermentation for Better Plant Foods
Authors: Jung Noël , Meyer Anne S.
Published: January 2025

Solid-state fungal fermentation of plant foods using filamentous fungi results in products like tempeh and koji that are particularly common in the East Asian cuisine, but now gaining global attention as climate-friendly plant-based protein foods. During the fermentation, the fungus deploys an arsenal of enzymes that degrade plant proteins to umami tasting compounds, degrade carbohydrates in the plant food to simpler sugars and secures the biosynthesis of various metabolites, including amino acids. This causes sensory, nutritional, and visible changes in the food. By carefully selecting the fungal strain and the fermentation parameters, the fermentation can be steered towards a desired outcome such as increasing the levels of essential amino acids like methionine and lysine which are present in low levels in most plant proteins as compared to animal protein. This concept of improving the protein quality of tempeh-like plant-based foods by increasing the levels of essential amino acids through solid-state fungal fermentation is now a particular research focus area. Another advantage of solid-state fungal fermentation is its low entry barrier, as it does not require much financial investment or equipment, allowing private households and small companies to venture into food processing, but to do this safely and obtain a desirable outcome it is important to have the right fungal starter culture.

Information

© The Authors 2025
Public Policy Co-Creation: Recife’s Creative Tourism Plan Development Process
Authors: de Lima Almeida Larissa Fernanda
Published: January 2025

This case study explores the participative development process of the tourism public policy in the city of Recife-PE, Brazil. Presenting the governance process that brings together different actors of the creative ecosystem of the city the case illustrates how working together to achieve a common dream results in a long-lasting development process that nurtures and feedbacks into the system in an ascending spiral that crystallizes transformations. It can be perceived in the integration of the tourism environment’s actors, in the strengthening of creative tourism initiatives and in the establishment of the city as a creative tourism destination reference in South America.

Information

© The Author 2025
Advantages of aligning with ICRP dose limits for India’s nuclear program
Authors: Aswal D K , Chandra Anirudh
Published: January 2025

In this submission we opine on India adopting a rather stringent maximum single year dose limit, instead of harmonizing with international standards. We explore how dose limits evolved, why India has opted for a lower maximum effective dose limit of 30 mSv for a single year and argue that raising this limit to at least 50 mSv, in line with International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommendations, would not only contribute to upcoming revised ICRP publications but also support the realization of India’s nuclear ambitions.
Selective area molecular beam epitaxy of InSb on InP(111)B: from thin films to quantum nanostructures
Authors: Khelifi W , Capiod P , Barbot C , Coinon C , Deblock Y , Santos C N , Chaize N , Berthe M , Jouneau P-H , Amarie S , Lampin J-F , Wallart X , Ballet Ph , Grandidier B , Desplanque L
Published: January 2025

InSb is a material of choice for infrared as well as spintronic devices but its integration on large lattice mismatched semi-insulating III–V substrates has so far altered its exceptional properties. Here, we investigate the direct growth of InSb on InP(111)B substrates with molecular beam epitaxy. Despite the lack of a thick metamorphic buffer layer for accommodation, we show that quasi-continuous thin films can be grown using a very high Sb/In flux ratio. The quality of the films is further studied with Hall measurements on large-scale devices to assess the impact of the InSb surface and InSb/InP interface on the electronic properties. Taking advantage of the optimized growth conditions for the formation of thin films, the selective area molecular beam epitaxial growth of nanostructures is subsequently investigated. Based on cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and scanning near-field optical microscopy in the middle-wave infrared, ultra-thin and very long in-plane InSb nanowires as well as more complex nanostructures such as nano-rings and crosses are achieved with a good structural quality.
Investigation of magnetic fluctuations in L-H and H-L transition dynamics on DIII-D
Authors: Ashton-Key T , Andrew Y , Kingham R , Kim E , Jones C , Rhodes T L , Schmitz L , Yan Z
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of the L-H transition is not fully understood, with many parameters changing the threshold power to enter H-mode and the self-regulation between zonal flows and turbulence in the plasma edge. This paper is primarily a presentation of experimental results for DIII-D L-H and H-L transitions and speculation on the observations made. Power threshold analysis and measurements of pedestal temperatures for these transitions are presented. A comparison is made between an L-H transition and H-L transition of comparable P

sep
exhibiting oscillatory behaviour, showing symmetry between forward and backward transition dynamics. This paper shows the first observations of magnetic fluctuations during L-H and H-L transitions on DIII-D, and shows that L-H and H-L transitions have similar magnetic fluctuation dynamics. Information geometry analysis has been performed on measurements of plasma density fluctuations, perpendicular plasma velocity fluctuations, and magnetic field fluctuations to investigate the self-regulation and evolution of these variables during the transitions. Perpendicular flow evolution is shown to dominate the transition dynamics in both directions, but self-regulation behaviour is observed between all three variables. A strong correlation between magnetic fluctuation information rate and density fluctuation information rate for these two shots shows the strong influence of magnetic behaviour on both the L-H and H-L transition, and that these transition dynamics necessarily include electromagnetic effects.
Electromagnetic performance and loss mechanism decoding of 3D woven composite metamaterials through physical and computational models
Authors: Wuzhou Li , Wei Chen , Rui Pei , Fujun Xu
Published: January 2025

Electromagnetic metamaterials regulated the directional transmission of electromagnetic waves to optimize the electromagnetic characteristics of electronic devices, but the facile lamination failure limited the wider application. The introduction of 3D weaving technology significantly enhanced the structural integrity and anti-delamination capabilities of metamaterials. However, due to their unique buckling structures and discrete fiber morphologies, traditional metamaterial theories struggled to explain the electromagnetic mechanisms of 3D woven metamaterials. In this study, the physical and computational models for 3D woven composite metamaterials were developed to decode the in-phase reflection and electromagnetic loss mechanism. The input impedance and reflection phase of metamaterials with different patch sizes and different weaving density were calculated by physical and computational models. The models calculated the resonant frequency difference of less than 0.4 GHz, with in-phase reflection bandwidth agreement of 80.4%. Furthermore, the computational model revealed the mechanism of energy loss caused by the increase of the surface current of the patches due to the decrease of the weaving density. The experimental results of the reflection phase for metamaterials with different patch sizes and different weaving density closely matched the calculated outcomes, confirming the model’s reliability. This study provided a crucial theoretical foundation for electromagnetic mechanisms of fabric metamaterials.
Deep learning inference of the neutron star equation of state
Authors: Ventagli Giulia , Saltas Ippocratis D.
Published: January 2025

We present a pipeline to infer the equation of state of neutron stars from observations
based on deep neural networks. In particular, using the standard (deterministic), as well as
Bayesian (probabilistic) deep networks, we explore how one can infer the interior speed of sound
of the star given a set of mock observations of total stellar mass, stellar radius and tidal
deformability. We discuss in detail the construction of our simulated dataset of stellar
observables starting from the solution of the gravitational equations, as well as the relevant
architectures for the deep networks, along with their performance and accuracy. We further explain
how our pipeline is capable to detect a possible QCD phase transition in the stellar core. Our
results show that deep networks offer a promising tool towards solving the inverse problem of
neutron stars, and the accurate inference of their interior from future stellar observations.
Wavelength-multiplexed dual-comb generation from a hybrid mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Pu Yongjie , Gao Yuan , Shen Qihao , Guo Pan , Wang Sha
Published: January 2025

As a type of optical measurement technology with high-resolution and wide spectral coverage, dual comb has demonstrated its unique potential applications in various fields. In this article, single walled carbon nanotubes and nonlinear polarization rotation are used as saturable absorber, and the Lyot filter is combined as wavelength selection mechanism. Therefore, wavelength-multiplexed dual-comb is easily achieved. The composite structure effectively solves certain inherent challenges associated with dual-comb technology, including dual-wavelength competition, crosstalk between mode-locking and filtering effects, and nonlinear phase accumulation. In addition, the mutual coherence of dual comb is validated by measuring the fluctuation of the repetition rate difference and detecting multiple heterodyne beat notes. The experimental results show that within a measurement time of 1 h, the standard deviation of the dual-wavelength repetition rate difference is 1.8 Hz, which highlights the high stability of the proposed method. Meanwhile, we found that the comb with a center wavelength of 1550 nm exhibited more significant frequency jitter than the comb with a center wavelength of 1530 nm. In summary, the incorporation of a hybrid mode-locked mechanism significantly bolsters the stability of the system, facilitating robust deployment in dual-comb spectroscopy.
Development of the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter on-detector readout electronics for the HL-LHC
Authors: Panchal D. ,   the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter group
Published: January 2025

The High-Luminosity LHC will start operations for physics in 2029 and aims to record 3000 fb-1 of proton collision data. This expansion of the dataset will be achieved by a
four-fold increase in the number of collisions per bunch crossing, leading to
∼ 10× higher radiation doses and busier events. To cope with those harsher
conditions and to be compatible with the new ATLAS data acquisition paradigm, the ATLAS Liquid
Argon Calorimeter on-detector electronics will have to be replaced. The presentation will cover
the validation of the performance of the new boards, a critical step before launching the
full production of about 1500 boards and their installation which is planned to start in 2027.
Robert Schumann, Three Romances for Oboe and Piano, Op. 94 (1849)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

This chapter offers commentary on Robert Schumann’s Three Romances for Oboe and Piano, Op. 94, composed in 1849. It explores Schumann’s literary inspirations, compositional process, and his collaboration with his wife, Clara Wieck, a renowned pianist who promoted his work. The influence of literature on Schumann’s music and his exploration of the “Romance” genre in vocal and instrumental works are highlighted. Financial struggles during this period likely motivated Schumann’s prolific composition to earn more money and gain visibility. The adaptability of his works for different instruments provided marketing opportunities to reach a broader audience. The analysis examines the intricate thematic development, motivic kernels, and rhythmic interplay throughout the composition. It also discusses the formal structure, key modulations, and expressive qualities. Additionally, Clara’s compositions and her relationship with Schumann during his difficult final years are discussed.
Carl Nielsen, Two Fantasy Pieces for Oboe and Piano, Op. 2 (1889)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines Carl Nielsen’s Two Fantasy Pieces for Oboe and Piano, Op. 2 (1889), providing historical context and musical analysis. Growing up on Denmark’s scenic Funen Island shaped Nielsen’s style with a strong connection to nature and emotions. Exposure to music through family and a local orchestra influenced his compositions. The chapter explores Nielsen’s development as a composer, his studies at the Copenhagen Conservatory, and inspiring travels across Europe. The analysis focuses on formal clarity, diatonic harmony, and folk music influences. “Romance,” the first movement, features harmonic ambiguity and thematic development, while “Humoresque,” the second movement, exhibits contrasting themes with humor. Nielsen’s expert oboe writing and chromaticism showcase his unique approach to traditional forms. The chapter also discusses the publication and reception of the Fantasy Pieces, emphasizing Nielsen’s distinct voice and contributions to late Romantic composition.
Camille Saint-Saëns, Sonata for Oboe and Piano, Op. 166 (1921)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

This chapter offers commentary on the historic context and provides musical analysis of Camille Saint-Saëns’s Sonata in D Major for Oboe and Piano, Op. 166 (1921). Born in Paris in 1835, Saint-Saëns exhibited prodigious musical talents from a young age and gained recognition for his remarkable abilities as a pianist, organist, and composer. His life was marked by extensive travels, which led to his fascination with the French colonies and astronomy. Saint-Saëns’s final works, including the Oboe Sonata, were commissioned by his publisher Durand, to address the perceived lack of quality repertoire for woodwind instruments. This piece is a deceptively complex example of early twentieth-century tonal music. While its simplicity in harmony and its pastoral melodies evoke a neoclassical or perhaps neo-Baroque aesthetic, its complication of traditional forms and transformation of thematic material make it distinctly twentieth-century and provide a rich and engaging musical journey.
Ulysses Kay, Suite in B (1943)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the music and life of Ulysses Kay (1917–1995), a pivotal yet underrecognized African American composer. Kay, a modernist, defied technical, racial, and stylistic labels throughout his career. Born in Tucson, Arizona, his rich musical background influenced his style, and his association with his uncle, King Oliver, led to a variety of formative musical experiences. Kay eventually left Arizona for the Eastman School of Music, where he composed an Oboe Concerto, and later studied with Paul Hindemith at Yale. Kay’s successful career, marked by prolific composing, prominent teaching roles, and prestigious honors, is contextualized alongside his experience of racism. The chapter also considers the broader implications of Kay’s work, within the changing landscapes of American classical music and racial dynamics in the mid-20th century. His Suite in B is a tonally complex work, with an emphasis on tertian and quartal sonorities and a dissonant yet expressive approach to melody.
Isang Yun, Piri for Oboe Solo (1971)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

This chapter offers historical context and musical analysis of Isang Yun’s (1917–1995) solo oboe composition Piri (1971). Yun’s compelling life journey, from his birth in Ch’ungmu, Korea, through the subsequent period of Japanese occupation, his activism, imprisonment, and ultimately his role as a distinguished composer in Berlin, profoundly influenced his work. Piri reflects Yun’s unique compositional style, an amalgamation of Western avant-garde techniques and Eastern aesthetics and philosophy. This chapter introduces the Korean double-reed instrument, the piri, its spiritual significance, and its timbral flexibility. It investigates the East Asian concept of “Living Tones,” which organically expand the oboe’s timbral spectrum. Organized in four sections, Piri is a sort of mirror, symmetrically moving toward and away from a central point in both gesture and pitch-space, and uses Haupttontechnik. Weaving together opposing forces, Yun crafts a formidable exploration of the oboe and presents an anthropomorphic narrative of oppression and freedom.
Christopher Biggs, Entanglement for Oboe and Computer (2017)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

This chapter offers historical context and musical analysis of Christopher Biggs’s composition Entanglement (2017), an innovative piece for oboe and computer that explores the concept of quantum entanglement. Biggs, an accomplished composer and Associate Professor at Western Michigan University, draws on his diverse experiences in journalism, music composition, and technology to produce works that amalgamate live instrumental performance with interactive audiovisual media. Entanglement uses the freely available software programs Max-7 and Processing-3 to visually and sonically represent interconnectedness and interdependency, mirroring the concept it is named after. This chapter offers an analysis of the composition and examines how Biggs introduces and develops sonic and visual elements throughout the piece, applies multiphonics, and uses visual cues. The majority of the audio and visual events are dependent on the instrumental performance, as the work presents a web of connections across time, within each audiovisual layer, and between media.
Asha Srinivasan, Braiding: Lessons from Braiding Sweetgrass for Oboe and Electronics (2017)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson
Published: January 2025

This chapter offers musicological context and analysis of Asha Srinivasan’s composition, Braiding: Lessons from Braiding Sweetgrass for Oboe and Electronics (2017). Srinivasan, born in India in 1980, is Associate Professor of Music at the Lawrence Conservatory of Music in Appleton, Wisconsin, and is celebrated for her unique integration of Western and Indian Carnatic musical traditions. She began Carnatic singing lessons at age six, igniting a lifelong passion for musical exploration. The piece reflects key themes from Robin Wall Kimmerer’s eponymous book, realized through fixed electronic soundscapes and the oboe’s versatile timbral and expressive capacity. Srinivasan explores the concepts of gratitude and reciprocity, with the oboe symbolizing the endangered Mpingo tree frequently used in oboe construction. The work introduces an innovative through-composed structure and a variety of often modal pitch collections while maintaining an undercurrent of environmental consciousness. Srinivasan demonstrates an intricate relationship between humanity and nature, encouraging a harmonious coexistence.
Long-term safety and efficacy of Oleogel-S10 (birch bark extract) in epidermolysis bullosa: 24-month results from the Phase III EASE Study
Authors: Murrell Dédée F , Bodemer Christine , Bruckner Anna L , Cunningham Tracy , Davis Charles , Fernández Mariá Florencia , Kiritsi Dimitra , Maher Laura , Sprecher Eli , Torres Pradilla Mauricio , Kern Johannes S
Published: January 2025

Background

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare, severe, genetic disorders characterised by persistent skin fragility and open wounds. EB manifests as cutaneous and mucosal blistering, erosions and impaired wound healing.

Objectives

To determine the long-term efficacy, tolerability and safety of Oleogel-S10 (birch bark extract) in dystrophic (DEB) and junctional (JEB) EB in the 24-months open-label phase (OLP) of the EASE study.

Methods

EASE was a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase III study consisting of two phases: a 90-day double-blind phase (DBP), and a 24-month OLP. Patients from both former treatment groups in the DBP entered the single-arm OLP (n = 205). Patients received Oleogel-S10 on all EB partial thickness wounds. OLP endpoints included: incidence, severity/relatedness of adverse events (AEs), wound infection maximum severity, changes in body surface area percentage (BSAP) of wounds, EB Disease Activity and Scarring Index (EBDASI), pain, itch, disease severity and quality of life outcomes.

Results

The OLP data demonstrated Oleogel-S10 target wound treatment adherence was >99% and mean treatment duration was 584.7 days (±246.1 days). 71.7% of patients in the OLP were aged <18 years and 86.8% had DEB; recessive DEB predominated (78.0%). AEs were reported in 77.1% of patients and were typically mild-to-moderate. Severe and serious AEs were observed in 18.0% and 24.4% of patients, respectively. AEs resulted in the withdrawal of 7.8% of patients (n = 16), including three with treatment-related AEs. Nine deaths were reported: none attributable to treatment. Incidence of target wound infections was low (n = 7); five were mild-to-moderate and two severe. In patients treated with Oleogel-S10 throughout, mean (SD) BSAP changes from DBP baseline at 3, 12 and 24 months were −4.3% (8.1), P < 0.0001; −5.9% (8.6), P < 0.0001; −3.7% (9.0), P = 0.0026, respectively. Similarly, significant changes in EBDASI skin activity score from DBP baseline were observed: −3.9 (8.3), P < 0.0001; −5.1 (8.2), P < 0.0001; −3.0 (8.3), P = 0.0068, at 3, 12 and 24 months, respectively.

Conclusions

These data support an encouraging long-term safety profile of Oleogel-S10, and a sustained reduction in wound burden over at least 24 months of Oleogel-S10 treatment.
Theta and beta power in the subthalamic nucleus respond to conflict across subregion and hemisphere
Authors: Bowersock Jessica L , Wylie Scott A , Alhourani Ahmad , Zemmar Ajmal , Holiday Victoria , Hedera Peter , Stewart Travis , Bridwell Elizabeth , Hattab Isabelle , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Neimat Joseph S , van Wouwe Nelleke C
Published: January 2025

The subthalamic nucleus is thought to play a crucial role in controlling impulsive actions. Networked among the basal ganglia and receiving input from several cortical areas, the subthalamic nucleus is well-positioned to influence action selection when faced with competing and conflicting action outcomes. The purpose of this study was to test the dissociable roles of the dorsal and ventral aspects of the subthalamic nucleus during action conflict in patients with Parkinson’s disease undergoing intraoperative neurophysiological recording and to explore a potential mechanism for this inhibitory control. We hypothesized that modulations of neurophysiological activity during action conflict would be more pronounced in the dorsal subthalamic nucleus compared to the ventral subthalamic nucleus, due to the dissociation of cortical afferents to subthalamic nucleus subregions and previous findings of deep brain stimulation targeting subthalamic nucleus subregions in Parkinson’s disease. We recorded neurophysiological activity while ten participants with Parkinson’s disease performed the Simon task during deep brain stimulation surgery. Response-locked local field potentials in the theta and beta band (associated with conflict control and movement inhibition, respectively) were analyzed across subthalamic nucleus subregions and hemispheres relative to the motor response (ipsilateral/contralateral). In the presence of action conflict, the dorsal subthalamic nucleus, connected to cortical motor regions, exhibited larger theta power relative to the ventral subthalamic nucleus subregion which is linked to the limbic circuits (P<0.05). This evidence supports independent subregion function in conflict control. However, both subregions had relatively increased beta power for conflict trials compared to non-conflict in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the motor response. The conflict related beta modulation was not present in the contralateral hemisphere. This indicates the importance of the ipsilateral hemisphere in the inhibition of incorrect action impulses. Additionally, higher inter-trial beta power in the ventral subregion correlated with reduced accuracy on conflict trials, which we propose could serve as a biomarker for impaired task performance. The results of the study support the existence of a functional dissociation within subthalamic nucleus subregions, emphasizing the role of the dorsal subthalamic nucleus in modulating action conflict.
Laser hair depilation therapy for pilonidal sinus disease: a 5-year, retrospective experience in a university teaching hospital in the UK, 2017–2023
Authors: Andrew Kashini , Dyson Maya , Lee Pui Chi , Sonigra Pooja , Applewaite Rona , Li Danning , Thomson Michelle , Nevill Alan
Published: January 2025

Background

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a chronic, debilitating condition predominantly affecting young men. Laser hair depilation is an established adjunct to surgical treatment for PSD. It can lead to reduced rates of recurrence and postsurgical interventions.

Objectives

To assess the outcome of laser hair depilation therapy on disease progression in patients with PSD at the Birmingham Skin Regional Laser Centre.

Methods

Patient demographics, PSD clinical stage, laser type, number of laser sessions, surgical intervention and treatment outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records of patients (n = 97) referred for laser hair depilation between 2017 and 2023. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and R. Treatment outcomes were categorized as improvement (healed, improved) or no improvement of underlying PSD. Disease severity was classified using the method of Guner et al. (BMC Surg 2016; 16:18).

Results

Most patients affected were male (77%). The median age was 22 years (interquartile range 20–28). The median number of laser hair removal sessions was 8 (interquartile range 5.5–10). The number of laser hair removal sessions was the only predictive factor for symptom resolution (P < 0.001). Neither surgical intervention nor the type of surgery (incision, excision, modified flap, or endoscopic surgical intervention) showed a significant association with improvement in PSD (P = 0.47 and P = 0.65, respectively). In the subgroup of patients who did not undergo surgery (n = 32, 33%), 25 patients (78%) had improvement or healing in their PSD. There were no statistically significant associations between age, type of laser, disease severity and benefit from laser hair removal. No complications were reported and there was only one case of recurrence.

Conclusions

Laser hair depilation is a safe and effective postoperative adjunct treatment for treating sacrococcygeal PSD. For early-stage disease it may offer curative treatment.