bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using standard repair methods on recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Badr Atef
Published: July 2015

Research into concrete repair techniques, repair mortars and test practices is extensive. However, there is scant information on the repair of concrete made with recycled aggregates. This paper reports the results of an experimental programme aiming to assess the suitability of traditional repair methods for more modern, sustainable concretes such as those containing recycled aggregates. The experimental programme consisted of three stages. The first stage was to deteriorate and damage concrete specimens containing different types of recycled aggregates. In the second stage, the deteriorated and damaged concrete specimens containing different recycled aggregates were repaired using traditional repair techniques. Finally, the mechanical properties of the repaired specimens as well as the bond between the substrate and the repair materials were assessed in the third stage. Test results proved that concretes made with recycled aggregates could be successfully repaired to form monolithic elements, which act compositely and exhibit properties close to the original non-deteriorated specimen.
Use of crushed brick in reinforced earth railway structures
Authors: Ellis Simon , Goodwin Andrew , Laycock Elizabeth , Hurst Chris
Published: July 2015

The Bermondsey Dive-Under (BDU) scheme is a fundamental part of UK's Thameslink Programme. The scheme involves extensive demolition of 900 m of masonry viaduct followed by the construction of 900 m of new structures, 200 m of reinforced earth structures and 200 m of embankment modifications. Crushed brick is typically not used as a structural fill material in the UK due to concerns over its friability and associated long-term performance. This paper describes a study undertaken in 2012 that examined the viability of recycling the demolished brickwork material into a crushed engineered fill material for use in the BDU permanent works. The overarching objective of the study was to seek to reduce the scheme's significant volumes of both imported fill and exported demolition material, with associated sustainability advantages in addition to the environmental and safety benefits resulting from the significantly reduced lorry movements from London's streets. The paper details the sampling and testing of brickwork that was undertaken and presents the findings from the study. The paper also discusses some of the issues associated with introducing innovation within major work programmes. The BDU scheme is currently under construction and is scheduled for completion in 2017.
The role of compaction energy on the small strain properties of a compacted silty sand subjected to drying–wetting cycles
Authors: HEITOR A. , INDRARATNA B. , RUJIKIATKAMJORN C.
Published: July 2015

The elastic properties of a soil are usually investigated to describe its engineering behaviour. The results of previous studies indicate that the effect of changes in suction on the elastic response at a small strain level of soils is significant during compaction and post-compaction periods. Limited efforts have been focused on quantifying those post-compacted responses due to the changes in suction induced by wetting and drying cycles. During their service life, most earth structures experience changes in hydraulic behaviour owing to climatic changes. These seasonal fluctuations in turn impact on the geomechanical performance of compacted soil. In this paper the aspects related to the elastic properties of compacted soils subjected to cycles of drying and wetting are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the effect of compaction energy on the hysteric behaviour (i.e. amplitude of the hysteresis loop) and its dependence on the initial stress state conditions and suction history. The results not only confirm the importance of the current suction in governing the shear and compression velocities and associated moduli, but they also suggest that subsequent drying–wetting cycles or suction history can further induce hysteretic changes, particularly along the wetting paths.
Behaviour of extensible reinforcement resting on non-linear Pasternak subgrade subjected to oblique pull
Authors: PATRA S. , SHAHU J. T.
Published: July 2015

A generalised model is presented for evaluation of pullout capacity of an extensible reinforcement subjected to oblique pullout force. The reinforcement is assumed as a rough membrane resting on a non-linear Pasternak subgrade. The shear stress mobilised along the soil–reinforcement interface is assumed to be a non-linear hyperbolic function of the interface displacement. The analysis considers the non-linear response of subgrade in shear as well as in vertical compression. The solution is obtained by applying vertical and horizontal force equilibrium to the final deformed shape of the reinforcement. A parametric study shows that pullout is the predominant failure mechanism for high values of reinforcement stiffness J*, whereas for low values of J* the maximum reinforcement strain may exceed the allowable limit, causing tension failure before pullout. A back-analysis of published and model tests data shows that, in most cases, the present analysis predicts the experimental data reasonably well.
ENTEROPARÁSITOS EN PERROS (Canis familiaris) Y GATOS (Felis catus) DE LA PROVINCIA DE PUNO
Authors: VILCA DE DIAZ FELICIANA , MELO ANCCASI MAXIMO
Published: July 2015

Resumen
Las mascotas que conviven con el hombre, el  perro y el gato ocupan un lugar muy especial, como amigos fieles, especialmente de los niños; sin embargo esta relación se interrumpe por la presencia de parásitos ciclozoonóticos, ocasionando múltiples enfermedades, incluso en algunos casos podrían ocasionar  la muerte, con repercusiones socioeconómicas de impacto. Por ello la necesidad de realizar esta investigación para determinar la prevalencia de entero parásitos  en estas especies, evaluándose 150 muestras fecales de perros de los distritos de Puno y Tiquillaca  y 96 de gatos del distrito de Puno, en el Laboratorio de Parasitología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Nacional Del Altiplano Puno, considerando la variable edad, mediante los métodos: directo simple y concentración por flotación en solución de sulfato de zinc al 33.3 %, para identificar la presencia de protozoarios y helmintos entéricos. Obteniéndose los siguientes resultados: la prevalencia de entero parásitos en perros  fue de  78.6%, reportándose  protozoos como: Isospora spp 14%, Giardia canis 3.3% y Sarcocystis spp  8.6%; según la edad 29.3 % en cachorros y 20 % en adultos. Las prevalencias para helmintos:  Toxocara canis 49.3%, Toxascaris leonina 12%, Taenia spp 15.3% y Trichuris vulpis 7.3%, por edad  74.6% en  jóvenes y 32% en adultos. La prevalencia en gatos fue de 61.46 % reportándose protozoarios como  Isospora felis 19.79%, Isospora rivolta 6.25% y Toxoplasma gondii 2.08%; con 29.17% y 18.75% para animales jóvenes y adultos; en relación a helmintos: Toxocara cati 53.13%, Ancylostoma tubaeforme 3.13% y Uncinaria spp 1.04%, con 64.58% y 43.75% en animales jóvenes y adultos respectivamente.

Palabra clave: enteros parásitos, prevalencia, protozoos, helmintos, jóvenes, adultos.
PERCEPCIÓN DEL CLIMA INSTITUCIONAL Y EL RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN DE LA UNA PUNO.
Authors: MANCHA PINEDA ESTANISLAO EDGAR , TUMI QUISPE JULIO ADALBERTO
Published: July 2015

La investigación  tiene como objetivo general, determinar la relación que existe entre la percepción del clima Institucional y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano – Puno, durante el año académico 2011. Corresponde al tipo de investigación no experimental con diseño correlacional, con instrumentos para cada variable de estudio en la recolección de datos, y para el procesamiento de datos, se utilizó el software SPSS versión 19. La conclusión principal del estudio, es que existe una relación directa y positiva entre la percepción del clima Institucional y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano – Puno, tal como se evidencian los resultados obtenidos de correlaciones significativas al nivel 0,01 (bilateral) por especialidades, donde se aprecia: 0,745 en la especialidad de Lengua, Literatura, Psicología y Filosofía; 0,610 en la especialidad de Ciencias Sociales; 0,541 en la especialidad de Matemática e Informática y 0,759 en la especialidad de Biología, Física, Química y Laboratorios. Así mismo el nivel de rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano – Puno se encuentra entre los niveles de deficiente regular y bueno, es decir, en un puntaje de 00 a 15, ubicándose los mayores porcentajes de alumnos en los niveles de regular a bueno. Por consiguiente, se puede afirmar que del total de 120 estudiantes que equivalen al 100% de la población de estudio, el 51% de estudiantes se encuentra en el nivel bueno (13-15), el 30% en el nivel regular (11-12), el 13% en el nivel deficiente (00-10 y solamente un 5% en el nivel muy bueno (16-17); respectivamente.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Clima Institucional, percepción, rendimiento académico.
OBTENCIÓN DE BIOGÁS COMO FUENTE DE ENERGÍA RENOVABLE A PARTIR DE LOS SUBPRODUCTOS DEL CAFÉ
Authors: ROMERO LOAIZA RICARDO , MAMANI PARI RENZO HENRY
Published: July 2015

El trabajo de investigación se realizó en la cuenca del valle de yanatile, distrito de Yanatile, provincia de Calca, región de Cusco, 2012. En la zona realizan el proceso beneficiado vía húmedo de café, los residuos orgánicos de esta actividad son arrojados a los cursos de agua y/o terrenos agrícolas, sin tratamiento alguno, causando graves problemas de contaminación ambiental, como generación de gas metano y bióxido de carbono debido a la descomposición aeróbica de los subproductos del café, estos gases son una fuente de contaminación atmosférica y asimismo generan el aumento de la temperatura de la Tierra, lo que podría originar importantes cambios climáticos con graves implicaciones para la productividad agrícola. El objetivo de la investigación se logró de manera satisfactoria con la obtención de biogás como fuente de energía renovable a partir de los subproductos del café, utilizando biodigestores de modelo tipo Taiwán de forma tubular. Como parte de la metodología se logró estimar la cantidad de generación de gas metano y bióxido de carbono a partir de la muestra de la pulpa y mucílago, con el resultado de la estimación se diseña y se construye un sistema de biodigestores, para su alimentación se usan la pulpa humectada y mucílago de café. Como Instrumentos de medición se utilizaron los sensores de temperatura, sensor pH-metro, manómetro columna de agua, sensor de gas dióxido de carbono, horno de secado, cromatografía. Los resultados encontrados responde al objetivo general planteado ya que se encontró 6, 430,912.65 m3 de biogás como estimado, compuesto por: 65.224 % de metano, 29.776 % de bióxido de carbono y 5 % de otros gases, oportunidad para generar energía en el sector cafetalero utilizando los subproductos del proceso beneficiado de café. El lodo residual orgánico contiene: Nitrógeno 1.508 a 1.942 %, Fosforo 0.765 a 1.373 %, Potasio 0.46 a 1.83 %, el resultado garantiza  que el lodo residual debe ser usado como abono base Nitrógeno, Fosforo y Potasio, en la misma propiedad del cafetalero.

Palabras clave: Biogás, residuos orgánicos, subproductos del café, biodigestores.
BASADRE Y LA EDUCACIÓN RURAL
Authors: CALDAS FIGUEROLA IVAN
Published: July 2015

Resumen
Jorge Basadre dejó muchos aportes a la cultura nacional. Uno de ellos fue su interés y su trabajo por la educación rural, fue ministro de educación aparte de docente e historiador de la República. Hemos querido investigar qué fuentes y qué autores influyeron en él, para convertirse en un entusiasta de la temática educacional y rural. Esto es parte de una tesis sobre el maestro Encinas y la educación de Puno de principios del siglo XX, para lo cual recurrimos a los archivos de manuscritos de la época y a fuentes bibliográficas, textos del propio Encinas, entrevistas a Basadre. Descubrimos que el maestro JoséA. Encinas fue su gran inspiración, que tuvieron mucha vinculación amical y académica, que pasaron semejantes vicisitudes y compartieron anhelos hacia el Perú rural.

PALABRAS CLAVE: * educación * campesinado * Perú
ABSTRACT
JORGE BASADRE AND RURAL EDUCATION

One of Jorge Basadre’s many contributions to national culture was his interest and work for rural education. Basadre was a Minister of Education as well as teacher and historian of the Republic. We wanted to investigate what sources and authors influenced him; What inspired him to become an enthusiast of educational and rural issues in Peru? This is an abstract of a thesis on Professor Encinas and education in Puno from the beginning of the 20th century. We examine manuscripts and bibliographic sources from the era, as well as texts from Professor Encinas himself. In interviews with Basadre, we discover that Professor José. A. Encinas were his great inspiration. These two teachers shared an academic and amicable friendship, finding unforeseen similarities and shared aspirations for rural Peru.

KEY WORDS: * education * peasants * Peru
PRODUCCION DE SEMILLA DE AVENA FORRAJERA (Avena sativa L.) CON INCORPORACION DE HUMUS DE LOMBRIZ EN EL CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION Y PRODUCCION CAMACANI. PUNO. PERU.
Authors: ZAPAZA PARI JUAN GREGORIO , MIRANDA CHOQUE FRANCIS , VILLALTA ROJAS PEDRO
Published: July 2015

El trabajo se condujo durante la campaña agrícola 2012-2013 en el Centro de Investigación y Producción Camacani de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, a 3850 m de altitud, con el objeto de evaluar el rendimiento y calidad de semilla de avena forrajera, variedad Tayco, por efecto de abonamiento con humus de lombriz. La densidad de siembra fue 120 kg/ha y los tratamientos: 0 t/ha; 2 t/ha; 3 t/ha y 4 t/ hade humus de lombriz, habiéndose aplicado fertilización complementaria con Urea al 46% N en la fase de macollamiento(60 kg/ha). El resultado indica que a mayor dosis de humus de lombriz (4 t/ha) se obtiene mayor altura de planta (1,62 m) en comparación con el tratamiento control (1,14 m). Asimismo, a mayor dosis de humus de lombriz (4 t/ha) el rendimiento de semilla fue 1,92 t/ha, con 85,33 % de poder germinativo siendo superior al tratamiento testigo (0,87t/ha) con 61,33 % de poder germinativo. En conclusión, aplicar humus de lombriz en el cultivo de avena, variedad Tayco, significa producir más semilla de mejor calidad.

PALABRAS CLAVE: * Avena forrajera * humus de lombriz * poder germinativo * semilla
REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES DE LA POBLACIÓN DE LA CIUDAD DE PUNO SOBRE GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS
Authors: TUMI QUISPE JESUS EVARISTO
Published: July 2015

La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas que posee la población de la ciudad de Puno sobre gestión de residuos sólidos urbanos y saneamiento ambiental básico. El estudio realizado en el 2011, es de carácter no experimental, transversal, explicativo, correlacional y de nivel micro. Los resultados obtenidos son: El nivel de conocimientos que posee la mayoría de la población de la ciudad de Puno es deficiente sobre el ciclo de residuos sólidos (55%), la tipificación de los residuos sólidos (59.1%), clasificación de residuos sólidos (64.6%), el compostaje (76.3%) y el reciclaje (69.5%) como mecanismos de conservación y manejo de residuos sólidos. Las actitudes que posee la mayoría de la población de Puno sobre saneamiento ambiental, son inadecuadas en cuanto a el lugar donde se realiza la disposición final de los residuos sólidos (66%), la forma de almacenamiento de agua en la vivienda (60%). Esta situación está condicionada por el estatus socioeconómico, el acceso a información, educación ambiental, servicios básicos y la localización de la vivienda. La investigación pone en evidencia la necesidad impostergable de que la gestión sostenida de residuos sólidos demanda de un enfoque integral que articule los factores tecnológicos, institucionales y sociales; así como pretende sentar las bases fundamentales para el programa de educación ambiental que las entidades tutelares (ALT, PELT, gobiernos locales y regional) deben poner en marcha y generar una conciencia ambiental y ecológica.

PALABRAS CLAVE: * Actitudes * conocimientos * educación ambiental * gestión * residuos sólidos * saneamiento * representaciones sociales.
ÍNDICES REPRODUCTIVOS Y PRODUCTIVOS EN UN HATO DE BOVINOS CRIOLLO DEL ALTIPLANO PERUANO
Authors: QUISPE COAQUIRA JESUS , APAZA ZUÑIGA EDGAR , CHAMBILLA CARREÓN PERCY , SAPANA VALDIVIA RÓMULO
Published: July 2015

Con los datos generados en el Módulo de Bovinos Criollo de la Estación Experimental Illpa del INIA Puno, ubicado en el anillo circunlacustre de la Región Puno, y al cabo de seis campañas ganaderas (2003-2009), se ha determinado los índices reproductivos y evaluado el comportamiento de la aptitud productiva de carne y leche del hato Criollo, en función a campaña ganadera, época de nacimiento o parto (lluvias o seca), sexo de la cría (ternero o ternera), número de lactancia (primera a cuarta lactancia). Los datos fueron analizados en arreglos factoriales conducidos en un diseño completo al azar desbalanceado a través del método de Federer y Zelen. Los resultados logrados fueron: La edad al primer servicio de las vaquillas se alcanzó a 27.54 meses con 243.22 kg de peso y la edad al primer parto fue a 35.7 meses; y en las vacas los Intervalo Entre Partos variaron de 13.91 a 16 meses y el IPC entre 4.17 a 6.85 meses. El promedio general del peso corporal al nacer fue 23.78±3.30 kg (Pd»0.05) y el peso corporal a 360 días fue 112.61±19.29 kg siendo diferentes por campañas (Pd»0.05), pero no evidenció para los factores sexo ni época. La ganancia de peso corporal a 180 días fue 36.38±11.96 kg y la ganancia peso corporal a 360 días de 86.95±20.39 kg, habiendo diferencias entre campañas (Pd»0.05) pero no para los demás factores. La producción de leche de las vacas Criolla fue 397.20±143.76 kg lograda en 210.83±33.01 días y una producción de 1.89±0.46 kg/día, hubo diferencias entre campañas ganaderas (Pd»0.05); pero no entre épocas; la producción por lactancias ha variado de 347.30±131.17 a 467.79±174.44 kg (Pd»0.05); la duración del ordeño desde 199.57±47.67 a 218.43± 48.48 días; y la producción diaria de 1.64±0.45 a 2.18±0.44 kg por lactancia (Pd»0.05). Se concluye que, en las actuales condiciones agroecológicas, el bovino Criollo del altiplano no manifiesta en plenitud sus potencialidades bioproductivas de carne y leche.
«EFECTO DE LA AIREACION MECANICA PARCIAL DE LA LAGUNA PRIMARIA EN LA REMOCION DE LA CARGA ORGANICA DEL SISTEMA DE LAGUNAS DE ESTABILIZACION EL ESPINAR DE LA CIUDAD DE PUNO, PUNO – 2010-2013»
Authors: CHIRINOS ORTIZ TEOFILO , VERA SANTA MARIA JOSÉ , VILCA PEREZ ESTEBAN
Published: July 2015

En octubre del 2010 se instalaron dos módulos de aireación para oxigenar 2,601 m2 de la laguna primaria del Sistema de Lagunas de estabilización El Espinar de la ciudad de Puno, para mejorar las condiciones de remoción de la carga orgánica de dicho sistema. Es por ello que el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de la aireación mecánica parcial de laguna de primaria en la remoción de la carga orgánica durante el período 2010 – 2013, en las actuales condiciones de operación del sistema. Para las condiciones de operación, se realizaron evaluaciones de los componentes y el monitoreo de la DBO5 a la entrada y salida del sistema; mientras que para determinar el efecto de la aireación mecánica, se compararon las eficiencias de remoción de la DBO de los escenarios sin y con aireación (Ene.2007-Nov.2010 y Dic. 2010-Dic.2013), construidos con la información disponible. Según lo evaluado, la laguna primaria está colmatada, recibe cargas superficiales orgánicas superiores a 300 Kg DBO/m3-día y caudales mayores a 250 l/s, superior a su capacidad de tratamiento; asimismo, que la aireación mecánica no tiene incidencia significativa en la eficiencia de remoción de la DBO5 del sistema, aunque sí muy puntualmente en su área de influencia, pero que se disipa por los otros factores adversos concurrentes. Por lo que se concluye que en las actuales condiciones de operación, la aireación mecánica parcial de la laguna primaria no afecta la remoción de la carga orgánica del sistema; siendo necesario realizar trabajos de investigación complementarios para tomar decisiones para la mejora de la eficiencia de tratamiento del sistema, así también que es necesario la descolmatación inmediata de la laguna primaria.
LA NECESIDAD DE LA FILOSOFÍA DEL DERECHO EN LA PRÁCTICA DE LA ABOGACÍA.
Authors: ARAUJO FRIAS JAIME
Published: July 2015

En el presente artículo nos proponemos indagar sobre por qué es necesaria la filosofía del derecho en la práctica de la abogacía. En nuestra opinión, por un lado, porque genera en el abogado una disposición crítica sobre su saber; lo cual, sin duda redundará en el desarrollo del derecho. Y por otro lado, al ser la filosofía una disciplina agitadora del pensamiento, provocará en el abogado una disposición a operar el derecho de manera honesta a fin de posibilitar la justicia.
PROPIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS DEL CUESTIONARIO EDUCATIVO CLÍNICO: ANSIEDAD Y DEPRESIÓN EN ESTUDIANTES DE SECUNDARIA DE TRUJILLO
Authors: RUIZ CABALLERO KATHERINE MARINA
Published: July 2015

Resumen
El presente estudio de tipo Tecnológica tuvo como objetivo describir las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario Educativo Clínico: Ansiedad y Depresión en una muestra de estudiantes del primero al quinto de secundaria en Instituciones Educativas de la ciudad de Trujillo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 600 sujetos. Los resultados obtenidos del CECAD fueron sometidos a un análisis estadístico encontrando que el testes válido y confiable. Para determinar la validez de constructo se hizo por medio del análisis ítem - test, en el cual se obtuvieron puntajes mayores a 0.30 y en el análisis factorial realizado se obtuvo la agrupación de ítems en once factores según su carga factorial; luego se procedió a realizar el análisis factorial confirmatorio lo cual generó la composición de las cuatro dimensiones planteadas por los autores de la prueba. La confiabilidad se determinó por medio del análisis deAlfha de Cronbach, alcanzando un nivel de Confiabilidad elevada con un Alpha =0.936.

PALABRAS CLAVE: *Ansiedad * Depresión * Validez de constructo *Análisis factorial * Confiabilidad
ABSTRACT
PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE CLINICAL EDUCATION: ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TRUJILLO

Type This Technological study aimed to describe the psychometric properties of Clinical Education Questionnaire: Anxiety and depression in a sample of students from first to fifth secondary of two educational institutions «A» and «B» in the city of Trujillo. The sample consisted of 441 students from the school «A» and 159 of the educational institution «B.» The results of CECAD were subjected to statistical analysis found that the test is valid and reliable. To determine the construct validity was made by analyzing item - test, in which scores were greater than 0.30 and the factor analysis was obtained in eleven grouping of items by factor loading factors, we proceeded to perform the confirmatory factor analysis which led to the composition of the four dimensions raised by the authors of the test. Reliability was determined through Cronbach Alfha analysis, reaching a high level of reliability with Alpha = 0.936. In addition we developed a general T score scale for the dimensions of Futility and irritability, as there were no differences between ages for these dimensions.

KEY WORDS: * Anxiety * Depression * construct validity * factor analysis * reliability
Mitigação do comportamento de abandono de abelhas Apis mellifera L. em apiários no Semiárido Brasileiro
Authors: Pereira D. S. , Holanda-Neto J. P. , Sousa L. C. F. S. , Coelho D. C. , Silveira D. C. , Hernandez M. L.
Published: July 2015

Em razão do período de estiagem que acomete a produção apícola desde 2012 no semiárido do nordeste brasileiro, foi realizado uma revisão bibliográfica com a finalidade de agrupar trabalhos referentes ao comportamento de abandono de enxames de abelhas Apis mellifera L, ao redor do globo, bem como, algumas medidas tomadas para reduzir esta incidência. Foram relacionados alguns dos mais importantes artigos publicados sobre o assunto, para esclarecer as principais questões acerca da biologia, histórico no Brasil, comportamentos de abandono, enxameação e manejo destes insetos. O conhecimento destas informações pelo produtor poderão contribuir consideravelmente no manejo para os anos subsequentes.
Regímenes políticos y procesos desdemocratizadores en Nicaragua y Venezuela
Authors: Chaguaceda Armando
Published: July 2015

El texto analiza, desde una perspectiva comparada afín al enfoque de diversos autores, entre los que destaca la obra póstuma de Charles Tilly, los procesos y mecanismos específicos que explican la reciente evolución desdemocratizadora de los regímenes políticos nicaragüense y venezolano.
Visualization of Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery by Diffusion in Fractured Chalk
Authors: Eide Øyvind , Fernø Martin A. , Alcorn Zachary , Graue Arne
Published: July 2015

This work demonstrates that diffusion may be a viable oil-recovery mechanism in fractured reservoirs during injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) for enhanced oil recovery, depending on the CO2 distribution within the fracture network and distance between fractures. High oil recovery was observed during miscible, supercritical CO2 injection (RF = 86% original oil in place) in the laboratory with a fractured chalk core plug with a large permeability contrast. Dynamic 3D fluid saturations from computed-tomography (CT) imaging made it possible to study the local oil displacement in the vicinity of the fracture, and to calculate an effective diffusion coefficient with analytical methods. The obtained diffusion coefficient varies between 0.83 and 1.2 ×10−9m2/s, depending on the method used for calculation. A numerical sensitivity analysis, with a validated numerical model that reproduced the experiments, showed that the rate of oil production during CO2 injection declined exponentially with increasing diffusion lengths from the CO2-filled fracture and oil-filled matrix. In a numerical upscaling effort, with the experimentally achieved diffusion coefficient, oil-recovery rates and local flow were studied in an inverted five-spot pattern in a heavily fractured carbonate reservoir.
Closed-Loop Field Development Under Uncertainty by Use of Optimization With Sample Validation
Authors: Shirangi Mehrdad G. , Durlofsky Louis J.
Published: July 2015

In this work, we develop and apply a general methodology for optimal closed-loop field development (CLFD) under geological uncertainty. CLFD involves three major steps: optimizing the field-development plan on the basis of current geological knowledge; drilling new wells, and collecting hard data and production data; and updating multiple geological models on the basis of all the available data. In the optimization step, the number, type, locations, and controls for new wells (and future controls for existing wells) are optimized with a hybrid particle swarm optimization-mesh adaptive direct search algorithm. The objective here is to maximize expected (over multiple realizations) net present value (NPV) of the overall project. History matching is accomplished with an adjoint-gradient-based “randomized maximum likelihood” procedure. Because the CLFD history-matching component is fast relative to the optimization component, we generate a relatively large number of history-matched models. Optimization is then performed with a set of “representative” realizations selected from the full set of history-matched models. We introduce a systematic optimization with sample validation (OSV) procedure, in which the number of realizations used for optimization is increased if an appropriate validation criterion is not satisfied. The CLFD methodology is applied to 2D and 3D example cases. Results show that the use of CLFD increases the NPV for the “true” (synthetic) model by 10 to 70% relative to that achieved by optimizing over a large number of prior realizations. We also compare the results for CLFD with OSV to results that use a fixed number of geological realizations. These comparisons show that the use of too few realizations in the CLFD optimization step can result in lower true-model NPVs, whereas OSV provides a systematic approach for determining the proper number of realizations.
Analysis of the Effect of Groundwater Exploitation on High-Speed Railway Pile-Slab Structure Subgrade
Authors: Zhenxing Ren , Xiao Hong , Guo Xiao , Huang Luwei
Published: July 2015

Land settlement produced by groundwater exploitation may cause larger deformation of the high-speed
subgrade. To meet the settlement control requirements after construction of the high standard of high-speed railway
subgrade, Pile-Slab composite foundation treatment technology keeps developing and applying in high-speed railway
construction. However, the settlement deformation calculation theory of Pile-Slab composite foundation is not mature, in
particular, the research for Pile-Slab composite foundation deformation caused by groundwater exploitation is seldom,
which is far behind the requirements of engineering practice. To study the effect of exploiting groundwater near the highspeed
railway on Pile-Slab composite foundation deformation, in this paper, we establish 3D fluid-solid coupling model
using ABAQUS, analyze the effect of different groundwater exploiting quantities on high-speed railway subgrade when
CFG piles are used to strengthen the foundation, and compare to the result with no CFG piles. The analysis shows that in
the condition of pumping water, CFG Pile-Slab composite foundation has a significant effect on decreasing subgrade
lateral deformation and settlement which are reduced by 70%.
Development of Flexible Drilling Jig for Wing-Fuselage Connection
Authors: Hu Junshan , Zhang Kaifu , Cheng Hui , Liu Siren
Published: July 2015

Drilling jigs are used frequently to provide precise location of a hole pattern for mating parts and assemblies in
aircraft fabricating process for their accuracy and simplicity. Due to the different product batches and manufacturing
process, the components which will be assembled together possess distinct geometry properties or reserve different edge
margins, thus the location and the size of connecting holes are not identical. In this case, the pilot holes in the template
need to be aligned for every batch of aircraft and the drill templates with fixed guide holes in them are no longer suitable
to the situation. This paper proposes a kind of flexible drill template system which is adjustable for precisely locating and
drilling holes on a curved surface of the wing-skin during the period of wing-fuselage connection. The jig system
possesses a board of curved surface with continually changing curvature which is designed to fit the wing-skin workpiece.
The flexible adjustable modules on the board can be adjusted in lateral and spanwise directions in a range of ±10 mm
with a minimum scale of 0.02 mm. The analysis of systematic error and deformation due to operation are also carried out
using theoretical model and FE method respectively to verify the validation of the flexible drilling template solution.
Fibrinolytic parameters, lipid status and lipoprotein(a) in ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Vuckovic Biljana , Djeric Mirjana , Ilic Tatjana , Canak Visnja , Kojic-Damjanov Suncica , Zarkov Marija , Cabarkapa Velibor
Published: July 2015

Introduction. Ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of mortality and
morbidity in most countries in the world. Impaired fibrinolysis, as well as
disordered lipid metabolism have been recognized as risk factors for this
disease. Objective. To study some of fibrinolytic parameters, lipid status
and lipoprotein(a) - Lp(a) in ischemic stroke patients in Serbia and to
examine associations between Lp(a) and fibrinolytic parameters. Methods.
Sixty ischemic stroke patients (case group, mean age 63.48?9.62 years) and 30
age and sex matched healthy controls (control group, mean age 60.2?7.96
years) were studied. Results. A significantly longer euglobulin clot lysis
time (219.7?78,8 min. vs 183.5?58,22 min; p=0.005) and higher levels of
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (48.5?17.1 ng/ml vs 27.1?10.1
ng/ml; p=6.2?10-11), tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA)
(11.1?7.14 ng/ml vs 6,.0?3.66 ng/ml; p=5.2?10-5) and D-dimer
(382.27?504.22ng/ml vs 116.12?88.81 ng/ml; p=0.0002) were found in cases
compared to controls. There were no significant differences in fibrinogen
levels (4.30?0.84 g/l vs 4.09?0.64 g/l; p=0.23) or plasminogen activity
(92.67?11.37 % vs 96.87?9.48%; p=0.085). There was no significant difference
in Lp(a) concentration between cases and controls (0.15?0.11 g/l vs 0.12?0.11
g/l; p=0.261). However, in the cases, but not in the controls, multivariate
analysis of associations between fibrinolytic parameters and Lp(a) showed the
highest correlation between t-PA and PAI-1, and the latent effect of Lp(a) on
t-PA and PAI-1. Conclusions. Our results show that there are important
differences in the characteristics of the fibrinolytic mechanism in ischemic
stroke patients compared to healthy population. The major differences are
prolonged euglobulin clot lysis time and elevated PAI-1 and t-PA antigen in
ischemic stroke patients. In addition, Lp(a) appears to be involved in the
inhibition of fibrinolysis in ischemic disease through a mechanism unrelated
to its serum concentrations.
Quality of haemophilia treatment in Serbia: National haemophilia registry report
Authors: Mikovic Danijela , Rakic Ljiljana , Jankovic-Trsnjak Gordana , Baklaja Radmila , Elezovic Ivo
Published: July 2015

Introduction. The National Registry of patients with inherited bleeding
disorders was established in 1963 and ever since it has been in charge of the
Haemophilia Centre, Blood Transfusion Institute of Serbia, Belgrade.
Objective. Purpose was to assess the quality of haemophilia treatment in
Serbia from 2000 to 2008 based on the National Registry data related with the
organization of care and quantities, and the choice of products. Methods.
Analysis of data collected by the National Registry from January 2000 to
December 2008. Results. The National Registry of patients with hereditary
coagulopathy encompasses a database of 392 patients with haemophilia A (HA),
64 haemophilia B (HB), 217 von Willebrand?s disease and 19 with rare bleeding
disorders. Treatment can be obtained in seven haemophilia treatment centres;
haematological and paediatric institutes and hospitals in Belgrade, Nis and
Novi Sad, as well as in other twenty local hospitals. From 2000 to 2003 about
three million units of FVIII concentrate were administered annually, e.g.
0.25 IU/capita/year. Besides, national cryoprecipitate was available for the
treatment. In 2003, National Haemophilia Committee was founded and
centralized products supply was introduced. During 2004 and 2005, about five
million units of FVIII concentrate were provided: annually, i.e. 0.65
IU/capita/ year. The choice of products was also improved. Namely, until 2004
the availability of DDAVP, antifibrinolytic drugs and rFVIIa concentrate was
limited, while from 2004 these products became available for haemophilia
treatment in Serbia. In order to improve haemophilia care we established
international cooperation; education, training, consulting and participation
in clinical and research projects. As the result, FVIII concentrate
consumption in 2008 was 10.5 million units, e.g. 1.35 IU/capita/year.
Conclusion. The considerable improvement of treatment is the result of
efforts made by health care and regulatory institutions in Serbia.
Significant support has been provided by cooperation within twinning
programmes between Stockholm and Belgrade Haemophilia Centres in 2003-2004
and Hamilton and Belgrade Haemophilia Centres in 2005-2008.
Radiosynoviorthesis in haemophilia: How safe?
Authors: Fernández-Palazzi Federico , Viso Rafael , Boadas Absara , Ruiz-Saez Arlette , de Vargas , de Bosch
Published: July 2015

One of the best procedures to prevent haemarthrosis in haemophilia has been
radioactive synovectomy (radiosynoviorthesis). Since 1976 we have performed
119 radiosynoviortheses in 110 patients, aged from 3 to 40 years (mean 10),
and of whom 71 were under 12 years of age. The knees were injected in 71,
elbow in 29, ankles in 16, and shoulders in 3 cases. Clinical results of the
procedure gave excellent results 80% of patients with no further bleeding. In
the case of failure a reinjection can be given in the same joint at a 6 month
interval. One of the criticisms against this method is possible chromosomal
damage. In our centre, 4 studies have been made in order to see whether these
changes are permanent, but all have demonstrated that chromosomal changes are
reversible. Radioactive material used in 2 studies was Au-189. In 1978, 354
metaphases were studied with 61 ruptures, with 17.23% non-premalignant and 6
structural changes considered premalignant (1.69%). Further study was done in
1982, in the same group of patients with the result of 21 ruptures (3.34%)
and no structural changes. The third study was performed in 13 patients that
sustained radiosynoviorthesis with Re-186 in 1991. We compared the
chromosomal study before and 6 months after the radioactive material
injection and the results confirmed that changes appeared equally in
non-irradiated and radiated patients and disappeared with time, never
reaching the dangerous zone of 2%. In the group treated with Re-186 we
studied an additional number of 130 metaphases with identical results and no
structural changes. A study performed before and after radiosynoviorthesis
with Y-90 revealed no premalignant changes. It seems than radiosynoviorthesis
is safe and highly beneficial to haemophilic patients.
The role of rotational thromboelastometry in real time assessment of haemostasis in surgical settings
Authors: Vucelic Dragica , Miljic Predrag , Antonijevic Nebojsa , Milicevic Miroslav
Published: July 2015

Introduction. In the settings of trauma, liver transplantation and major
surgery multifactorial coagulopathies are frequently encountered. The
treatment of acutely bleeding patients is critically compromised by
monitoring with standard available routine coagulation tests. In contrast to
conventional tests, rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) provides an
automated measurement of interactive dynamic haemostatic processes in whole
blood starting with initial haemostasis up to and including fibrinolysis at a
given time point. Especially fibrinogen, platelet dysfunction and
hyperfibrinolysis pose diagnostic gaps. The aim of this report was to
highlight the usefulness of ROTEM in making the correct diagnosis and
adoption of therapeutic approaches in a timely manner in liver
transplantation and trauma. We describe the value of ROTEM in two
haemostatically compromised patients. Outline of Cases. In the first case, we
present the ROTEM-based dynamic assessment and goal-directed treatment of
acute haemorrhage in a liver transplant recipient. In the second case, after
operation a multitraumatised patient developed uncontrolled massive bleeding
unresponsive to conventional treatment and recombinant activated factor VII
(rFVIIa) administration. The cessation of bleeding was achieved after guided
therapy according to ROTEM results. Conclusion. In orthotopic liver
transplantation and severely injured trauma patients ROTEM enables rapid and
accurate detection and the differential diagnosis of multifactorial
coagulopathies. Also, it provides the basis of rational approach to the use
of blood component therapy and pharmacological interventions.
Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI): A molecular link between coagulation and fibrinolysis
Authors: Miljic Predrag , Heylen Evelien , Willemse Johan , Djordjevic Valentina , Radojkovic Dragica , Colovic Milica , Elezovic Ivo , Hendriks Dirk
Published: July 2015

Although the maintenance of precise balance between coagulation and
fibrinolysis is of utmost importance for normal haemostasis, until recently
these two systems were considered as completely separate mechanisms involved
in the process of formation and dissolution of blood clot. Thrombin
activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a recently described attenuator
of the fibrinolytic rate and is considered to be the molecular link between
coagulation and fibrinolysis. TAFI circulates in plasma as an inactive
precursor and its conversion in active enzyme (TAFIa) occurs by the action of
thrombin or plasmin, but most efficiently by thrombin in the presence of its
cofactor thrombomodulin. Once generated, TAFI down-regulates fibrinolysis by
removing C-terminal lysine residues from partially degraded fibrin; thereby
preventing the upregulation of plasminogen binding and activation. Because
TAFI is activated by thrombin on one side, and acts as the attenuator of
fibrinolysis on another side, it enables fine synchronization between these
two systems. The antifibrinolytic function of TAFI mostly depends on TAFI
concentration, the rate of its activation and the half-life of TAFIa in
plasma. Changes in thrombin generation can have a profound effect on the rate
of TAFI activation, and consequently on the rate of fibrinolysis. Therefore,
it has been hypothesized that increased thrombin generation seen in
thrombophilia patients may enhance TAFI activation, leading to a
hypofibrinolytic state, which may further contribute to the thrombotic
tendency. However, the results of several studies, in which relation between
TAFI level and the occurrence of thromboembolic complications in carriers of
hereditary thrombophilia have been investigated, were not consistent.
Inclusion of Oat in Feeding Can Increase the Potential Probiotic Bifidobacteria in Sow Milk
Authors: Gyawali Rabin , Minor Radiah , Donovan Barry , Ibrahim Salam
Published: July 2015

The objectives of this study were to (i) investigate the impact of feeding oat on the population of bifidobacteria and (ii) evaluate their probiotic potential. In this study, we investigated the effects of supplementing sows’ gestation and lactation feed with 15% oat (prebiotic source) on the levels of probiotic population in milk. We found that dietary inclusion of oat during lactation and gestation resulted in increased levels of bifidobacteria compared to lactobacilli in sow milk. Furthermore bifidobacteria within the sow milk samples were further evaluated for probiotic potential based on aggregating properties, and acid- and bile-tolerance after exposure to hydrochloric acid (pH 2.5) and bile salts (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.0% and 2.0%). All isolates survived under the condition of low pH and bile 2.0%. Autoaggregation ability ranged from 17.5% to 73%. These isolates also showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli O157:H7.Together our results suggest that inclusion of oat in feeding systems could have the potential to improve the intestinal health of piglets by increasing the population of bifidobacteria.
The Development of Public Art and its Future Passive, Active and Interactive Past, Present and Future
Authors: Gschwend Ralfonso
Published: July 2015

Never in the history of mankind have fundamental relationships changed so dramatically fast and with such far reaching consequences as in our time—now. [...]
Inhibition of Topoisomerase (DNA) I (TOP1): DNA Damage Repair and Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Xu Yang , Her Chengtao
Published: July 2015

Most chemotherapy regimens contain at least one DNA-damaging agent that preferentially affects the growth of cancer cells. This strategy takes advantage of the differences in cell proliferation between normal and cancer cells. Chemotherapeutic drugs are usually designed to target rapid-dividing cells because sustained proliferation is a common feature of cancer [1,2]. Rapid DNA replication is essential for highly proliferative cells, thus blocking of DNA replication will create numerous mutations and/or chromosome rearrangements—ultimately triggering cell death [3]. Along these lines, DNA topoisomerase inhibitors are of great interest because they help to maintain strand breaks generated by topoisomerases during replication. In this article, we discuss the characteristics of topoisomerase (DNA) I (TOP1) and its inhibitors, as well as the underlying DNA repair pathways and the use of TOP1 inhibitors in cancer therapy.
Optical Microfibre Based Photonic Components and Their Applications in Label-Free Biosensing
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Bo Lin , Semenova Yuliya , Farrell Gerald , Brambilla Gilberto
Published: July 2015

Optical microfibre photonic components offer a variety of enabling properties, including large evanescent fields, flexibility, configurability, high confinement, robustness and compactness. These unique features have been exploited in a range of applications such as telecommunication, sensing, optical manipulation and high Q resonators. Optical microfibre biosensors, as a class of fibre optic biosensors which rely on small geometries to expose the evanescent field to interact with samples, have been widely investigated. Due to their unique properties, such as fast response, functionalization, strong confinement, configurability, flexibility, compact size, low cost, robustness, ease of miniaturization, large evanescent field and label-free operation, optical microfibres based biosensors seem a promising alternative to traditional immunological methods for biomolecule measurements. Unlabeled DNA and protein targets can be detected by monitoring the changes of various optical transduction mechanisms, such as refractive index, absorption and surface plasmon resonance, since a target molecule is capable of binding to an immobilized optical microfibre. In this review, we critically summarize accomplishments of past optical microfibre label-free biosensors, identify areas for future research and provide a detailed account of the studies conducted to date for biomolecules detection using optical microfibres.
Nanotechnology-Based Cosmetics for Hair Care
Authors: Rosen Jamie , Landriscina Angelo , Friedman Adam
Published: July 2015

Hair is a significant indicator of health and can have a major impact on an individual’s cosmetic appearance. Research within the cosmetics industry has revealed that when nanomaterials are engineered into hair care, they can enhance the benefits of active ingredients in order to improve hair cosmesis. Within the cosmetics arena, the unique size and intrinsic properties of nanoparticles can be tailored to target the hair follicle and shaft. This review aims to provide an overview of cosmetic nanocarriers that can be employed to improve the appearance of hair.
An Entropy-Based Approach to Path Analysis of Structural Generalized Linear Models: A Basic Idea
Authors: Eshima Nobuoki , Tabata Minoru , Borroni Claudio , Kano Yutaka
Published: July 2015

A path analysis method for causal systems based on generalized linear models is proposed by using entropy. A practical example is introduced, and a brief explanation of the entropy coefficient of determination is given. Direct and indirect effects of explanatory variables are discussed as log odds ratios, i.e., relative information, and a method for summarizing the effects is proposed. The example dataset is re-analyzed by using the method.