bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Auditory Sequences Presented With Spearcons Support Better Multiple Patient Monitoring Than Single-Patient Alarms: A Preclinical Simulation
Authors: Deschamps Marie-Lys , Sanderson Penelope , Waxenegger Harald , Mohamed Ismail , Loeb Robert G.
Published: August 2022

Objective

A study of auditory displays for simulated patient monitoring compared the effectiveness of two sound categories (alarm sounds indicating general risk categories from international alarm standard IEC 60601-1-8 versus event-specific sounds according to the type of nursing unit) and two configurations (single-patient alarms versus multi-patient sequences).

Background

Fieldwork in speciality-focused high dependency units (HDU) indicated that auditory alarms are ambiguous and do not identify which patient has a problem. We tested whether participants perform better using auditory displays that identify the relevant patient and problem.

Method

During simulated patient monitoring of four patients in a respiratory HDU, 60 non-clinicians heard either (a) IEC risk categories as single-patient alarm sounds, (b) event-specific categories as single-patient alarm sounds, (c) IEC risk categories in multi-patient sequences or (d) event-specific categories in multi-patient sequences. Participants performed a perceptual-motor task while monitoring patients; after detecting abnormal events, they identified the patient and the event.

Results

Participants hearing multi-patient sequences made fewer wrong patient identifications than participants hearing single-patient alarms. Advantages of event-specific categories emerged when IEC risk category sounds indicated more than one potential event. Even when IEC and event-specific sounds indicated the same unique event, spearcons supported better event identification than did auditory icon sounds.

Conclusion

Auditory displays that unambiguously convey which patient is having what problem dramatically improve monitoring performance in a preclinical HDU simulation.

Application

Time-compressed speech assists development of detailed risk categories needed in specific HDU contexts, and multi-patient sound sequences allow multiple patient wellbeing to be monitored.
Democratic Peace and Covert Military Force: An Experimental Test
Authors: Carnegie Allison , Kertzer Joshua D. , Yarhi-Milo Keren
Published: August 2022

How should we reconcile covert war with normative theories of the democratic peace? Proponents argue that these interventions are consistent with democratic peace theory, as leaders intervene covertly to escape backlash by a public that has internalized liberal norms. Yet we know little about public opinion regarding the covert use of force. Using a survey experiment, we find that respondents are more favorable towards covert interventions against democratic targets than our theories assume, and that even citizens who value transparency the most still wrestle with a trade-off between their normative commitments and the instrumental benefits they perceive covert actions to hold. Our results thus help to explain why American leaders have repeatedly chosen to conduct covert military operations against fellow democracies, and raise important questions about the scope conditions of normative theories of the democratic peace.
Examining the Relationship Between Nursing Students’ Belief in a Just World and Their Attitudes Towards Death
Authors: Ulaş Karaahmetoğlu Gülşen , Durmus Iskender Mahinur
Published: August 2022

The belief in a just world is a mindset that facilitates our ability to cope with life events by fostering a sense of control. Nursing students' beliefs in a just world and their attitudes towards death can influence how they will care for their patients. The intent of this descriptive and cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between nursing students and their beliefs in a just world and their attitudes towards death. Quantitative data was collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Questionnaire, the Belief in a Just World Scale, and the Attitude towards Death Scale. The sample included 270 participants. It was determined that as nursing students’ beliefs in a just world increased, they developed positive attitudes towards death. It is recommended that discussions on the subject should be included in the education curriculum to increase nursing students' beliefs in a just world and their awareness about death.
A Comparison of Distance and On-Campus Learning Models to Prepare Teachers of Students With Visual Impairments
Authors: Hong Sunggye , Topor Irene , Erin Jane
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Since the 1970s, many universities and agencies have prepared professionals in visual impairment through distance educational approaches, including concentrated off-campus courses, video and telephone connections, and synchronous or asynchronous online methods. Although online professional preparation in visual impairment has become common, there is little data that compares outcomes of on-campus instruction with distance education methods. This article reports follow-up data from a federally funded graduate university program that prepares teachers of students with visual impairments: It compares results from a survey that describes how on-campus and distance education students perceived the quality of their preparation.

Methods

An online survey was sent to 37 bachelor’s degree students who had earned certification as teachers of students with visual impairments. 27 students returned usable surveys, in which they reported relevant demographic information and current job roles. The survey included 13 demographic questions about employment and setting. Eight questions related to general evaluation of their preparation program, and 22 questions related to perceived competence in skills needed to prepare teachers of students with visual impairments.

Results

There were few differences between perceptions of students who were prepared in the full-time on-campus model and those who were prepared through distance education. Most respondents were graduates working as itinerant teachers in public schools or specialized school settings. With regard to perceptions of their own skills related to visual impairment, only the item on assistive technology showed a significant difference between the two models. Students in distance education perceived themselves as less well prepared in that area.

Discussion

Given the increased shift toward distance learning caused by the COVID-19 virus, the authors suggest that a broad-based national study of outcomes related to distance learning in visual impairment might offer more detailed insights into the quality of teaching produced through distance learning.
Hemangioma of The External Auditory Canal: A Case Report
Authors: Aldueb Roqaih , Bakry Essa , Alshehri Anwar
Published: August 2022

Hemangioma is a subtype of benign vascular tumors. Although they are commonly found in head and neck region, they are rare in the external auditory canal. Few cases reported capillary hemangioma in the external auditory canal with surgical excision is the mainstay of management and low recurrence rate. We present a 41-year-old woman with left external auditory canal capillary hemangioma and cartilage with its perichondrium graft was used for repairing the defect after surgical excision.
Medical students’ perspectives on how COVID-19 has impacted their otolaryngology educational experience: A nationwide survey study
Authors: Habib Andy M. , Yu Victoria , Yu Michelle , Levi Jessica R. , Gudis David A. , Overdevest Jonathan
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To evaluate how medical students perceive COVID-19 has impacted various otolaryngology educational experiences and appreciate useful adaptations/resources that can be implemented moving forward.

Methods

We circulated a web-based questionnaire among pre-clinical/clinical medical students. Participants were asked to rate their experiences in the realms of research, clinical exposure, faculty interaction, interest group (IG) activities, advising, and USMLE preparation considering the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative responses were mapped into thematic domains.

Results

Completed responses from 201 medical students demonstrated an effect across all educational activities. Pre-clinical students experienced a negative impact on their IG involvement (77%; 86/111) and clinical students reported a diminished clinical experience (60%; 40/67), with 54% (36/67) citing below-expectation surgical exposure. Overall, 51% (90/178) of students reported a perceived decrease in beneficial otolaryngology career advising, decreased research involvement (57%, 101/178), and reduced faculty interaction (79%, 141/178). Faculty mentorship programs, curated video resources, and online question banks were selected as valuable resources during COVID-19 (21%, 20%, and 13% of selections, respectively) that may offer ongoing benefit. Free-response feedback also indicated that COVID-19 negatively impacted students’ mental well-being and inhibited opportunities to complete away sub-internships. As for supplemental resources, students appreciated virtual grand rounds/teaching, interest group events, online resources, and meetings with attendings/residents.

Conclusions

According to students, COVID-19 negatively impacted a broad array of otolaryngology educational experiences including research, faculty interaction, and interest group involvement. Students also indicated several well-received adaptations, such as virtual mentorship programs, curated video materials, remote research opportunities, and online question banks. This feedback helps contextualize selection committee decisions and, importantly, assists clerkship directors and undergraduate medical educators to optimize their curriculums.
Prognostic Analysis of Individualized Treatments of Malignant Tumors Primary From Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Qian Shi  , Wang Ru , Hou Lizhen , Huang Zhigang , Ma Hongzhi , Zhang Yuan , Zhong Qi , Feng Ling , He Shizhi , Chen Xiaohong , Li Pingdong , Yang Yifan , Li Yunxia , Zhang Luo , Fang Jugao
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To investigate the prognosis and quality of life for primary malignant maxillary sinus tumors.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis. 164 patients diagnosed with primary malignant maxillary sinus tumors between 2005 and 2018 were recruited. Patients were treated according to the pathological type and the lesion range. Prognostic differences of different pathological types, surgical resection methods, repair methods, treatment methods, and different local recurrence sites were analyzed. Survival analysis and prognostic factors analysis were performed.

Results

Overall survival (OS) rate was 74.7% at 3 years, 60.5% at 5 years, and 45.8% at 10 years. Disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 67.2% at 3 years, 45.6% at 5 years, and 30.8% at 10 years. There was significant difference in OS rate among different pathological types (χ2 = 14.18, P < 0.05). The order of 5-year OS rate was as follows: malignant transformation of inverted Papilloma (77.7%) > adenoid cystic carcinoma (74.1%) > squamous cell carcinoma (48.4%) > sarcoma (22.1%). The order of disease-free survival was as follows: total maxillary resection > subtotal maxillary resection > endoscopic nasal tumor resection ≥enlarged maxillary resection, the 5-year DFS rate were 68.6%, 53.5%, 46.2%, and 42.9%, respectively. The OS of postoperative radiotherapy was significantly better than that of preoperative radiotherapy (χ2 = 7.16, P < 0.05). There was significant difference in OS between recurrent and non-recurrent patients (χ2 = 68.57, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The pathological type and the timing of radiotherapy are independent prognostic factors for primary malignant tumor of maxillary sinus. In addition, different local surgical resection methods are independent factors affecting the recurrence rate.
Public reason under the tree: Rawls and the African palaver
Authors: Ingiyimbere Fidèle
Published: August 2022

Public reason is central to John Rawls’s political liberalism, as a mechanism for citizens to discuss about matters of common interest. Although free and equal, reasonable and rational, citizens of a democratic society disagree on their understanding of truth and right, giving rise to the fact of reasonable pluralism. Thus, Rawls works out an idea of public reason which allows citizens to argue about political matters and yet remaining divided in their comprehensive doctrines. On the other hand, African culture has developed the practice of palaver as way of dealing with social and political questions of the community. Usually held under a tree, scholars believe that the palaver is the African version of deliberative democracy. In this article, I elaborate the two ideas and compare them in order to see whether they are completely opposite or whether they can enrich each other. Thus, the first section focuses on Rawls’s idea of public reason, the second explores the palaver practice and the last section compares them.
Ciliary Beat Frequency: Proceedings and Recommendations from a Multi-laboratory Ring Trial Using 3-D Reconstituted Human Airway Epithelium to Model Mucociliary Clearance
Authors: Behrsing Holger P. , Wahab Adam , Ukishima Lindsey , Grodi Chad , Frentzel Stefan , Johne Stephanie , Ishikawa Shinkichi , Ito Shigeaki , Wieczorek Roman , Budde Jessica , Keyser Brian M. , Haswell Linsey E. , Thorne David , Bishop Emma , Breheny Damien , Cao Xuefei , Qin Qin , Patel Vivek
Published: August 2022

The use of reconstituted human airway (RHuA) epithelial tissues to assess functional endpoints is highly relevant in respiratory toxicology, but standardised methods are lacking. In June 2015, the Institute for In Vitro Sciences (IIVS) held a technical workshop to evaluate the potential for standardisation of methods, including ciliary beat frequency (CBF). The applicability of a protocol suggested in the workshop was assessed in a multi-laboratory ring study. This report summarises the findings, and uses the similarities and differences identified between the laboratories to make recommendations for researchers in the absence of a validated method. Two software platforms for the assessment of CBF were used — Sisson-Ammons Video Analysis (SAVA; Ammons Engineering, Clio, MI, USA) and ciliaFA (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Both were utilised for multiple read temperatures, one objective strength (10×) and up to four video captures per tissue, to assess their utility. Two commercial RHuA tissue cultures were used: MucilAir™ (Epithelix, Geneva, Switzerland) and EpiAirway™ (MatTek, Ashland, MA, USA). IL-13 and procaterol were used to induce CBF-specific responses as positive controls. Further testing addressed the impact of tissue acclimation duration, the number of capture fields and objective strengths on baseline CBF readings. Both SAVA and ciliaFA reliably collected CBF data. However, ciliaFA failed to generate accurate CBF measurements above ∼10 Hz. The positive controls were effective, but were subject to inter-laboratory variability. CBF endpoints were generally uniform across replicate tissues, objective strengths and laboratories. Longer tissue acclimation increased the percentage active area, but had minimal impact on CBF. Taken together, these findings support the development and validation of a standardised CBF measurement protocol.
The experience of late life remarriage and its meaning for older Arab Muslim widowed men in Israel
Authors: Koren Chaya , Ali-Morshed Hanan
Published: August 2022

Late-life remarriage is one form of repartnering later in life, a phenomenon that has developed with the increase in life expectancy and other modernization processes, such as the shift from an extended to a nuclear family structure. Knowledge on the phenomenon of repartnering is based on research conducted mainly within Western societies living by individualistic values. It has also been studied in societies such as Israel, which value self-determination alongside familism. How the phenomenon is experienced within a more patriarchal, collectivist society undergoing modernization processes, such as the Arab Muslim society in Israel, is yet to be explored. The aim was to understand the meaning of late-life remarriage and how it is experienced among older Arab Muslim widowers in Israel who remarried at old age after a long-term marriage and raising a family. Using a phenomenological approach, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 Arab Muslim widowers aged 70–80 at time of remarriage, to never-married, middle-aged women. Three themes were identified: The first theme addresses motivations for remarriage, the second theme examines continuity and change from a lifelong marriage, and the third theme refers to the meaning they attribute to their current wife. Each theme addresses participants’ inner world, their relationship with spouse and offspring, and their perception of the society they belong to. Conclusions address late-life remarriage as a solution for older widowers to receive care within the extended collectivist family. Thus, the phenomenon reflects a reaction to modernization processes alongside a way to preserve patriarchal gender roles.
Dyadic analysis of very old parents’ and their children’s interdependence and self-perceptions of aging
Authors: Kim Yijung K. , Kim Kyungmin , Jopp Daniela S. , Boerner Kathrin
Published: August 2022

The number of families with very old members is growing, and their intergenerational experiences may have significant ramifications for how the family members view their own aging. Using 114 dyads of very old parents ( Mage = 93.31) and their “old” children ( Mage = 67.78), we investigated whether one’s own (i.e., parents or children) and each other’s (i.e., children or parents) reports of relationship quality, care experiences, and health were associated with self-perceptions of aging. At the bivariate level, parents’ ratings of relationship quality and care experiences were related to some of the children’s health indicators, and vice versa. Very old parents reported less positive self-perceptions of aging than their children, and there was no within-dyad similarity in self-perceptions of aging. Individuals’ own health indicators (i.e., functional limitations, chronic conditions, and depressive symptoms) were associated with their self-perceptions of aging. For parents, their own report of more depressive symptoms was associated with less positive self-perceptions of aging. For children, their own report of more depressive symptoms as well as functional limitations was associated with less positive self-perceptions of aging. Care experiences demonstrated a partner effect for parents, such that children’s report of more caregiving burden was associated with parents’ less positive self-perceptions of aging. The findings provide initial evidence to assess the interdependence of self-perceptions of aging within parent-child ties in very late life. Despite the generational difference in the level of self-perceptions of aging, various facets of the informal care context may contribute to how older individuals view their own aging trajectory.
Perceived occupational engagement and gaps among community-dwelling older adults in Malaysia
Authors: Haidhir Harnisha B , Dahlan Akehsan B
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Engagement in occupations is an essential aspect of daily life among older people. Changes in age are often associated with changes in the pattern of engagement in occupations. However, the relationship between the actual and desired activities pattern of occupational engagement remains unclear among community-dwelling older adults in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine occupational engagement for each activity and occupational gaps related to domains among the older adults.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 335 community-dwelling older people, using the Malay version of the Occupational Gaps Questionnaire (OGQ-M).

Findings:

The findings indicate that there are significant differences in occupational engagement across domains: leisure ( p < 0.001), social ( p = 0.04) and total occupational domains ( p < 0.001). There is a significant difference between actual and desired performed activities in doing laundry ( p = 0.031), outdoor activities ( p < 0.001), listening to the radio and watching television/video ( p = 0.003), helping and supporting others ( p = 0.019), travelling for pleasure ( p < 0.001) and performing voluntary work ( p = 0.025).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, OGQ is a useful tool in screening the occupational gaps among community-dwelling older adults. Age, health and continuity of roles and responsibility as caretakers of the family are several factors that lead to higher occupational gaps among the older people in the community. With the emergence of occupational engagement and gaps, advancements in health care delivery are necessary for retirement planning among community-dwelling older adults in enhancing active participation towards better retirement life.
Current Status of Burnout in Canadian Radiology
Authors: Cao Daniel J. , Hurrell Casey , Patlas Michael N.
Published: August 2022

Burnout is a healthcare concern affecting physicians around the world. Physicians experiencing burnout tend to display signs of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment. Ongoing burnout trends have posed numerous challenges to Canadian physicians, notwithstanding the added complexity of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact in recent years. In particular, Canadian radiologists frequently reported experiencing high rates of burnout. This review aims to examine prominent factors affecting burnout in Canadian radiologists and summarize the impact of recent trends. In doing so, the overall wellbeing of Canadian radiologists can be assessed, and strategies for improvement can be discussed as the Canadian healthcare system prepares for new challenges of increasing demand and pressures.
When Debt Deters: Student Loans as a Predictor of Education-Job Match Among Arts Bachelor’s Graduates
Authors: Smith Katie N. , Albana Hind F.
Published: August 2022

Education-job match is often associated with enhanced well-being and career satisfaction, although existing research suggests that arts college graduates are less likely to experience education-job match than graduates of other disciplines. As research also increasingly suggests that student loan debt may influence college graduates’ access to lower-paying industries and careers, this study uses a cross-sectional dataset from the Strategic National Arts Alumni Project to investigate how student loan debt predicts education-job match (entry into an arts position) among arts bachelor’s graduates. Even when controlling for individual and institutional factors, results show that arts bachelor’s graduates with over US$10,000 in undergraduate student loan debt are less likely to enter arts careers than those with no loans. Findings suggest that arts careers may be less accessible for college graduates who are most dependent on student loans, with important implications for diversity and equity within the arts.
Improvement in Clinical Outcomes and Access to Care With Pharmacist-Led Chronic Care Management Services at a Rural Family Medicine Clinic
Authors: Tenpas Andrew S. , Vascimini Angelina , Westwood Greg , Morris Earl , Dietrich Eric , DeRemer Christina
Published: August 2022

Background: Chronic care management (CCM) can significantly impact the management of chronic diseases in rural patient populations. To date, few practice models have addressed its impact on clinical outcomes and access to care in rural practice settings. Objective: Implement a sustainable pharmacist-led CCM practice model while tracking clinical outcomes and healthcare access at a rural, medically underserved family medicine clinic. Methods: This study retrospectively examined data from the clinic’s CCM program from October 2020 through May 2021 and included total clinical encounters at three- and 6-months intervals, as well as changes in clinical outcomes like A1c and systolic blood pressure (SBP) at three- and 6-months intervals. Results: Over an 8-month period, 46 patients were enrolled in pharmacist-led CCM services. Those with a CCM encounter or office visit within 3 months of enrollment showed a mean A1c reduction of 1.07% after 3 months (95% CI −1.70 to −.44, P = .0016), while those with an encounter or office visit within 6 months of enrollment displayed a mean A1c reduction of 1.64% after 6 months (95% CI −2.35 to −.92, P < .001). There was a 73.8% increase in total clinical encounters in the 6 months after CCM enrollment compared to the 6 months preceding it, signifying increased access to care. Conclusion: Patients with CCM encounters or office visits within the first 3-6 months experienced statistically significant reductions in A1c. Moreover, total clinical encounters markedly increased in the 6 months after enrollment, allowing for more frequent engagement between ambulatory pharmacists and traditionally challenging rural patients.
What might a decolonial perspective on child protection look like? Lessons from Kenya
Authors: Nyamu Irene K , Wamahiu Sheila P
Published: August 2022

Using decolonial perspective, this paper critically examines how certain child protection interventions in Kenya might increase childhood vulnerabilities among children from poor social backgrounds who are disproportionately represented in the justice system. Findings point to ambivalent child protection practices as a result of entrenched colonial legacies which criminalises juvenile ‘delinquents’, relying heavily on judicialisation while limiting social welfare investments. The study suggests alternative approaches to better child protection services that take into account southern-centric childcare practices and knowledge.
Computational optimum design of natural convection in a concentric and eccentric annular cylinder using nanofluids
Authors: Azzawi Itimad DJ , Hasan Ahmed F , Yahya Samir Gh
Published: August 2022

Free convection of various nanofluids inside concentric and eccentric annular cavity with internal heat flux, fully filled with porous media is studied numerically and its heat transfer rate and pressure drop are examined. The impact of inner cylinder inclination angles (βecc = 45°, 135°, 225°, and 270°) and nanofluids (Al2O3/water, CuO/water and SiO2/water) for different heat flux (1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 w/m2) on the heat transfer rate are evaluated. Initially, a validation process has been implemented to ensure that the predicted results obtained from this model are accurate. Results indicate that Al2O3 Nanofluid provides a better enhancement in the heat transfer rate when compared to SiO2 and Cu Nanofluids. Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient increased with the inclination angle of βecc = 225°, and maximum heat transfer occurred at a heat flux of 4000 W/m2, which was roughly 6% greater than the concentric annular cylinder. The findings also indicated that while increasing the eccentricity has a minor impact on the heat transfer rate for convection-dominated flows (high heat flux), on the other hand, it has a significant impact on the heat transfer rate for conduction-dominated flows (low heat flux).
Adherence to medication by adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Semo-Oz Rotem , Wagner-Weiner Linda , Edens Cuoghi , Zic Carolyn , One Karen , Saad Nadine , Tesher Melissa
Published: August 2022

Background: Approximately 20% of all cases systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) are juvenile onset. Children and adolescents with SLE usually present with more severe illness and have a higher mortality rate compared to adults with SLE. Adherence to medications in children and adolescents has a major impact on disease control as well as short- and long-term outcomes. Improved understanding of adherence rates, risk factors for non-adherence, and barriers to adherence are essential in order to increase patient adherence with medication regimens. The aim of our study was to evaluate adherence to medications among children and young adults with pediatric-onset SLE and identify barriers for non-adherence by utilizing several adherence evaluation methods.

Methods: Adherence to medications of patients aged 12–25, with childhood-onset SLE was assessed as follows: (1). The brief medication questionnaire (BMQ): self-report tool for screening adherence and barriers to adherence. (2). Mycophenolic acid (MPA) serum level. (3). Medication possession ratio (MPR): data assessing 90-day refills and dispense prior to patient’s enrollment was collected.

Results: Of the 38 patients who were enrolled in the study, 65% were found to be non-adherent according to at least 1 measurement method. Forty-four percent of patients were found to be non-adherent based on the self-reported questionnaire (BMQ). Of those taking MMF, 33% had an MPA level < 1 mcg/mL and were defined as non-adherent. Seventeen percent of patients were found to be non-adherent according to pharmacy refills rate. Forty-six percent of patients stated that their medications caused side effects, 33% of patients indicated difficulty remembering to take the medications, and 25% reported difficulty paying for medications. The disease activity index (SLEDAI) score of the “adherent group” at diagnosis was significantly lower compared to the “non-adherent” group. Patients with private insurance had more access barriers to obtaining medications compared to patients with public insurance.

Conclusion: Non-adherence to medications is highly prevalent among cSLE patients. Higher SLEDAI score is a risk factor for non-adherence. Adherence to medications should be routinely evaluated among adolescence and young adults with cSLE and barriers to adherence need to be addressed to decrease morbidity and improve patient outcomes.
Sea ice out of time: Reckoning with environmental change
Authors: Yip Julianne
Published: August 2022

In September 2007, Arctic sea ice plummeted to a shocking record minimum at the time. The amount of ice lost that summer was equal to that lost over the previous 25 years. As Arctic sea ice escapes scientists’ predictions, scholars in the social sciences and humanities have critically interrogated “nature”/“culture” divides that treat the time of nature as unchanging and distinct from human beings. This essay examines what concept of time emerges through Arctic sea ice as an analytic lens. By this, I mean scientific knowledge of sea ice and the conceptual possibilities for thinking ice temporalities and environmental time-reckoning that it opens up. Attending to these possibilities suggests different kinds of “clocks” to help reckon the time of environmental changes in the form of (1) climate anomalies (e.g., deviations in ice thickness), which offer a different way of telling environmental time that attends to the physical specificity of substances; and (2) the Arctic Oscillation, a semi-periodic world weather pattern that emerges from the thick of relationships among ice, atmosphere, ocean, and now humans, generating a collective planetary time. Finally, I argue that the relational human–nonhuman production of planetary time shifts the focus in social studies of time from collective time-reckoning, which assumes entities have a socioculturally determined concept of time, toward temporal coordination as a less anthropocentric mode of ordering shared realities. Coordination decenters “the Human” as an epistemic ordering principle and enlarges ordering to include a diversity of nonhuman ways of being. Through temporal coordination, environmental prediction would be the ordering of a collective reality that a multiplicity of human and nonhuman ways of being make together rather than the search for a more precise clock, or development of better technoscientific means to capture nonhuman temporalities external to human beings.
The Demands and Contests of Constitutional Amendment in Ethiopia: Analysis on the 1995 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) Constitution
Authors: Misrak Yihenew , Genet Yayew , Muluye Ketemaw
Published: August 2022

The objective of this article is to explain the existing demands and contestations on the amendment of the current constitution of Ethiopia. It also aims at analysing the effects of the un-amendable constitution on the political system of the state. A qualitative study was employed to collect and analyse the required data. Both primary and secondary sources of data was collected through interview and the analysis of documents. Accordingly, the study indicated that the demands of constitutional amendment on the part of FDRE constitution is related to the illegitimate constitutional-making process, inadequate constitutional provisions and the presence of new emerging political dynamics. The rigid amendment rules, undemocratic nature of the regime and the deviation among political actors on the issue of amendment are the main contestations against the stated demands. At the end, the investigation showed that the political insecurity and declining of constitutional legitimacy are major effects of the un-amendable aspects of the FDRE constitution, which in turn undermine the required political reforms in the country.
Outcome after resection arthroplasty or shortening oblique osteotomy of the lesser metatarsals combined with arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint for severe rheumatoid forefoot deformities
Authors: Horita Masahiro , Nishida Keiichiro , Nasu Yoshihisa , Nakahara Ryuichi , Saiga Kenta , Hamada Masanori , Ozaki Toshifumi
Published: August 2022

Purpose

We investigated objective and patient-reported outcomes after resection arthroplasty or shortening oblique osteotomy (SOO) of the lesser metatarsals combined with arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint for severe rheumatoid forefoot deformities.

Methods

17 feet from 14 women (mean age, 67.8 years) underwent resection arthroplasty of the lesser metatarsal heads (MTH resection group), while 13 feet from nine women and two men (mean age, 68.7 years) underwent SOO of the lesser metatarsals (MTH preservation group). Arthrodesis of the first MTP joint was performed in all cases. Mean follow-up in the MTH resection and preservation groups was 25.0 and 21.3 months, respectively. Preoperative and postoperative clinical evaluation included Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) scale and self-administered foot evaluation questionnaire (SAFE-Q) scores.

Results

Mean total JSSF scale significantly improved from 53.4 to 76.4 in the MTH resection group ( p < .001) and from 50.1 to 74.2 in the MTH preservation group ( p = .002). Pain and pain-related and shoe-related SAFE-Q subscale scores significantly improved after surgery in both groups. In the MTH resection group, recurrence of painful callosities and claw toe deformity was observed in four and three feet, respectively. In the MTH preservation group, one patient experienced recurrence of painful callosities and one underwent revision surgery for IP joint dislocation.

Conclusion

Resection arthroplasty or SOO of the lesser metatarsals combined with arthrodesis of the first MTP joint achieved significant improvement with respect to pain relief, deformity correction, and footwear comfort.
Informal Entrepreneurship: An Integrative Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Salvi Esther , Belz Frank-Martin , Bacq Sophie
Published: August 2022

Informal entrepreneurship (IE) has received increased recognition because of its theoretical distinctiveness and practical relevance. However, the burgeoning literature on IE is difficult to navigate, due to its rapid growth across different disciplines. Through an integrative review, we introduce a novel typology of informal entrepreneurs that captures their heterogeneity across various contexts. We point out a dynamic perspective of IE, consisting of three pathways—the reactive formalizing, the proactive formalizing, and the informalizing pathways—along which informal entrepreneurs move, acquiring or foregoing regulative legitimacy. Our review extends the theory on IE, outlines promising research avenues, and suggests relevant practical implications.
Women's Agency as Reason for Life Threats Among the Pashtuns in Pakistan: Narratives of Women Fleeing Honor Killing and Masculine Domination
Authors: Khan Saeeda , Thambiah Shanthi , Khoo Ying Hooi
Published: August 2022

This article uses the narratives of survivors of honor killing to show that women's agency is the reason for life threats because it undermines masculine domination. The findings show that life threats are made against women engaging in behaviors not aligned to cultural norms as perceived by male members of their family, to escape shame and gossip, and it is a manifestation of men losing control over women. These survivors of honor-based violence have undermined masculine domination by acting in unanticipated ways and by fleeing to a shelter home in the face of overwhelming cultural sanctions and structural inequalities.
The Rapid Uptake of Digital Technologies at Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Organizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Storer Heather L. , Nyerges Eva X.
Published: August 2022

Emerging evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault (DV/SA). This research note explores DV/SA service providers’ ( n = 20) perceptions of how their organizations responded to the pandemic. Results of a thematic content analysis indicated that survivors were adversely affected by sheltering with abusive partners and by external environmental conditions. Organizations responded to shifting community needs by adapting face-to-face services to virtual formats and revising pre pandemic safety planning protocols. School-based prevention programming required significant adjustments. Therefore, the pandemic catalyzed the integration and optimization of emerging technologies and provided opportunities for organizational innovation.
Multiyear, Multisectoral Training Program in Kenya to Enhance Medical–Legal Processes in Response to Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
Authors: Albezreh Salma , Anastario Mike , Ulibarrí Billy J. , Naimer Karen , Johnson Katy , McHale Thomas , Mishori Ranit , Macias-Konstantopoulos Wendy L. , Olson Rose , Nelson Brett D.
Published: August 2022

Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) leads to severe sequelae for individuals and communities. Lack of cross-sector coordination inhibits effective medical–legal support and justice for survivors. Multisectoral trainings for health, legal, and law enforcement professionals on survivor-centered SGBV care were conducted in Kenya during 2012–2018. Evaluation utilized objective structured clinical examinations, standardized patients, knowledge assessments, and interviews. A total of 446 professionals participated in 18 trainings. Mean knowledge scores increased from 75.6% to 84.7% ( p < .001). Thirty interviews revealed improved survivor confidentiality, increased specialized hospital care, more comprehensive forensic care, and greater cross-sector collaboration. Participants reported survivors feeling more comfortable pursuing legal action and increased perpetrator convictions.
Mitigating Loss and Trauma: The Continuing Bonds Experience of Daughters Bereaved to Intimate Partner Femicide
Authors: Pitcho-Prelorentzos Shani , Leshem, Elazar , Mahat-Shamir Michal
Published: August 2022

The current study sheds light on the continuing bonds experience of adult Israeli daughters whose mothers were murdered by their fathers. Through 11 semi structured interviews, common externalized and internalized continuing bonds with the deceased mothers were closely examined. The interpreted results supported the existence of bonds, yet revealed a unique manifestation; the bonds were purposefully and defensively restricted, which seemed to be an adjustive compromise in light of the strong traumatic component of the loss. Our results contribute to the theoretical and clinical understanding of the restrictive effect that trauma components have on loss components in cases of traumatic bereavement.
“I Could Never Tell My Parents”: Barriers to Queer Women's College Sexual Assault Disclosure to Family Members
Authors: Bedera Nicole , Nordmeyer Kristjane , Holland Kathryn J.
Published: August 2022

Queer women are at high risk of college sexual victimization, but they face barriers to formal support services. As a result, informal support is critical. This study uses data from 40 open-ended interviews to explore family members’ reactions to queer women's disclosures and examine whether their family is a reliable source of informal support. Findings indicate that family reactions are often more harmful than helpful. In comparison to research focused on heterosexual survivors, we find family reactions to be more extreme and disparaging of queer survivors’ sexual identities. In fact, family members’ negative reactions may pose barriers to accessing formal services.
Men Have Gender and Women Are People: A Structural Approach to Gender and Violence
Authors: Applin Samantha , Simpson John-Michael , Curtis Anna
Published: August 2022

The relationship between violence and patriarchal gender systems is structural and coconstitutive; yet structural analyses that account for gender in explanations and conceptualizations of violence are often absent from violence scholarship. Additionally, there are numerous underassessed areas in more gender-nuanced, “gender-based” violence paradigms. We address the shortcomings of both types of research and propose a cohesive theoretical framework that captures the ways in which violence is patriarchy-enhancing and patriarchy-facilitated. Violence shapes and influences gender performances and structures and, concomitantly, the gender order shapes and influences violence in given contexts.
Perceived Satisfaction With a Student-Run Agency Service Learning Project: A Client Perspective
Authors: Graeme Duffett Rodney , Henry Cromhout Dylan
Published: August 2022

A number of marketing and marketing communication service learning (SL) projects/student-run agencies (SRAs) are used to provide real clients with valuable services, resources, knowledge and many other benefits. However, most research only examines the student benefits, so this research addresses the research gap by considering the community partner (small business client) perspective. The main research objectives are to establish if SRA developed integrated marketing communication (IMC) campaign plans result in satisfaction regarding the business performance, presentation and implementation methods. The South African small business clients were highly satisfied with the SRA developed IMC campaign plans. Several business performance benefits were highlighted, for example, increased sales, brand awareness and new customers. The small business clients showed increased satisfaction when the IMC campaign plan was implemented by the SRAs, and presented in verbal, written and PowerPoint formats. Hence, this SL project should continue and could be expanded to other universities and countries.
Mode II fracture characterisation of a honeycomb/carbon-epoxy sandwich panel using the asymmetric end-notched flexure test
Authors: Moreira RDF , de Moura MFSF , Rocha RJB , Oliveira CFM
Published: August 2022

The objective of this work is to determine the fracture energy of a honeycomb/carbon-epoxy sandwich panel under mode II loading using the Asymmetric End-Notched Flexure (AENF) test. Experimental tests and numerical analyses aiming to validate all the procedures were performed. An equivalent crack length data reduction scheme was developed in order to simplify the experimental determination of the Resistance-curves ( R-curves) using exclusively the load-displacement ( P- δ) data. This strategy makes unnecessary the crack length monitoring during its propagation, which is hard to perform in mode II fracture tests. A mixed-mode I+II trapezoidal cohesive zone model was used for validating the proposed data reduction method. It was concluded that this methodology constitutes a suitable procedure for mode II fracture characterisation of debonding failure in composite sandwich panels.
Optimization study on the performance of a thermosyphon-based radiative cooler
Authors: Yao Bingru , Zhang Kai , Zhu Jinchen , Wu Shaojie
Published: August 2022

By comparison with cool roofs, the cooling energy produced by radiative cooling can be stored in hybrid radiative cooling air conditioning (HRcAc) systems, which is more feasible for the application of radiative cooling. A thermosyphon mainly relies on buoyancy to drive the water circulating in a pipe without a pump and has been widely used in solar thermal collectors. Thus, more cooling benefits can be achieved by integrating a thermosyphon with HRcAc. This paper investigated the cooling performance of a thermosyphon-based radiative cooler (STRC). The STRC was modelled by using OpenModelica to derive the effects of structure parameters on the cooling performance. The optimized structure was determined according to the proposed optimization process. Finally, the cooling energy saving potential and economics for the application of the STRC in a single-floor family house in five climate zones of China were evaluated. The results show that the annual cooling electricity consumption can be reduced by 41%–56% and that the simple payback period for a single-floor family house with an optimized STRC in all five climate zones of China is between approximately 8.4 years and 10.5 years.
Experimental studies on application of silver paste in thermosonic flip-chip bonding
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhan Zhengbang
Published: August 2022

In this subject, thermosonic flip-chip technology was introduced to conduct low-temperature bonding of Ag paste and chip interconnection experiments with micro solder joints. The coating and printing method is used to realize the uniform coating of the Ag paste on the micro Cu pillars, and the thickness of the coated Ag paste can be controlled. During flip-chip bonding, different power, pressure, temperature, and bonding time will affect the shear resistance of the solder joint after bonding. Therefore, this article controls the above factors and only studies the impact of ultrasonic power and pressure on the shear force of the solder joint interface. The experiment found that before reaching the maximum shear force, as the ultrasonic power increases, the shear resistance of the solder joint also gradually increased. After that, as the ultrasonic power increased, the shear resistance of the solder joints gradually decreased. It shows that when using thermosonic flip-chip technology for chip bonding, the ultrasonic power should be maintained in an appropriate range to make the bonded flip-chip solder joints obtain a maximum shear strength. The bonding pressure is proportional to the shear strength of the solder joint.
International education for the oppressed: A framework for international educators’ value-based practice
Authors: Liu Wei
Published: August 2022

There has been a heightened awareness and intensified discussion of the ethical issue in global higher education among scholars of international education. There are also strong calls for actions from the governmental, organizational, and institutional perspectives. However, there seems to be little discussion on what frontline international educators can do in this regard. Motivated by Freire’s (1970) critical pedagogy, this paper aims to develop an actionable framework for frontline professionals’ value-based practice. It hopes to engage the large number of fellow practitioners in higher education internationalization to increase their awareness of the dire world situation of unbalanced development, to reaffirm the values they should uphold in their profession, and to implement actions within their scope of agency to make a change.