bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prospective study on the prescription pattern of anti-cancer drugs and adverse drug reaction in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Guduru Harshendra , Jeevanagi Santosh Kumar R. , Nigudgi Shantiling , Bhandare Smita V.
Published: January 2019

Background: Cancers is a group of disease involving abnormal cell multiplication with the ability to spread to other parts of the body. Common side effects seen with chemotherapy are fatigue, hair loss, easy bruising and bleeding, infection, anemia, nausea and vomiting, appetite changes, constipation etc. The need of this study is to evaluate the prescribing pattern and the adverse drug reaction associated with chemotherapeutic drugs. The study is aimed to analyze the prescribing pattern of anticancer drugs in medical oncology department of a tertiary care hospital, Karnataka.Methods: An observational study was conducted on 30 patients of either sex admitted for chemotherapy for a period of 6 months in at HCG Cancer Institute, Gulbarga and Basaveshwar Teaching and General Hospital (BTGH), Gulbarga. The data collected is analysed statistically using descriptive statistics and presented as counts and percentages. Results are depicted in the form of tables.Results: A total of 30 prescriptions were collected with 10 (33.3%) male and 20 (66.6%) female. the maximum number of cases were noted in the age group of 46years to 55 years (10) and least in age group of 15-25 years having a single patient. In our study we found that more number of patients are breast cancer (12 patients) followed by cervical cancer and ovarian cancer (3 patients) and least are Ewing’s sarcoma and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (1 patient). Most commonly prescribed anti-cancer drug is carboplatin and paclitaxel i.e. for 12 patients out of 30 patients, followed by cyclophosphamide for 10 patients and less commonly prescribed drug being dactinomycin and pemitrexate. Adverse drug reactions seen in maximum patients is hair loss among 20 pts followed by peripheral neuropathy (17) and taste change (16) and the less commonly noted side effects being chest pain and ototoxicity.Conclusions: The study concluded that the drugs which were used in the treatment of various neoplastic conditions are in adherence and in accordance with the standard treatment guidelines and most of them were prescribed with generic name which leads to reduce in cost of treatment.
Drug utilization study of antihypertensive drugs and prevalence of blood pressure control in adult hypertensive patients based on JNC VIII guidelines in a tertiary care hospital: a cross sectional study
Authors: Ramadas Saumya , Sujatha M. B. , Andrews M. A. , K. B. Sanalkumar
Published: January 2019

Background: Hypertension is a major independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, chronic kidney disease and peripheral vascular diseases if left untreated. Drug utilization study of antihypertensive drugs and the study on prevalence of blood pressure control would help in reducing the burden of the disease and health expenditure.Methods: The study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Medicine in Government Medical College, Thrissur. Patients aged 18yrs or above diagnosed with hypertension, on antihypertensive drugs were enrolled in the study. Patients suffering from secondary hypertension and acutely ill were excluded. Patients were enrolled after taking an informed consent. Demographic data, present treatment for hypertension, associated co- morbid conditions if any, and treatment of the same were recorded. BP was recorded, and cost of treatment was calculated using CIMS.Results: A total of 250 patients were included in the study. Mono therapy was used in 64.8% patients and combination therapy in 35.2%. Overall drug utilization pattern showed that CCBs (42.8%) were most commonly prescribed, followed by ACEIs (32.4%) and ARBs (29.2%). Most commonly prescribed combination therapy was ACE I + BB (29.3%), followed by ARB + CCB (21.3%). Mean cost of antihypertensive drug therapy was 3057.8 Rs / yr. Recommended target BP was achieved in 49.6% of patients.Conclusions: The prescription pattern of antihypertensive drug was in accordance to the JNC-VIII guidelines. The blood pressure target was achieved only in less than 50% of patients.
Effect of turmeric on alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in albino rats
Authors: Padhye Mugdha Rajeeva , Jogdand Sangita Devrao
Published: January 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism characterised by hyperglycaemia. Long standing diabetes mellitus leads to various complications affecting multiple organ systems. Management of diabetes mellitus includes lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus includes a wide variety of drugs that help in achieving adequate glycaemic control. Anti-diabetic medications are however associated with several adverse effects. Phytochemicals are being used extensively for the treatment of various diseases. Use of phytochemicals would minimize adverse effects due to various anti-diabetic drugs and improve patient compliance. In the present study, authors studied the effect of turmeric on alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in albino rats.Methods: Albino Wistar rats of either sex weighing 180 - 250grams were utilized for the present study. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan. Ethanolic extract of turmeric was administered to diabetic rats daily orally for duration of 28 days. Blood glucose levels were monitored using glucometer before and after intervention with turmeric.Results: Statistically significant reduction in mean blood glucose levels (p value <0.05) was seen after intervention with turmeric in diabetic rats. There was a significant reduction in mean blood glucose levels.Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of turmeric showed antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats.
A study on the work profile of ASHA workers in a district of Odisha in eastern India
Authors: Panda Mayadhar , Nanda Sikata , Giri Rama Chandra
Published: January 2019

Background: Our aim was to study the socio demographic determinants of ASHA workers, to study the work profile of the ASHA workers, to assess the knowledge, awareness and practice of their roles and responsibilities in the delivery of health care services and to suggest specific recommendations on the ASHA scheme based on the study findings.Methods: The type of study was a cross sectional study, placed at Khordha district in Odisha. Time Period of this study was March to June 2018. 1218 ASHAs were finally included in the study. On the days of the monthly sector / block level meetings with ASHA workers they were appraised and accordingly a predesigned, pretested questionnaire was implemented to them.Results: Nearly 93% of ASHA workers were trained with module 1 to 5, first AID and DOTs training. Refresher training was given to 34% of ASHA workers, FTD/Malaria training was given to 88.4% of ASHA workers. 1218 (100%) ASHA’s helped in immunization. Majority of them 1199 (98.4%) accompanied delivery cases and 1198 (98.3%) were aware about family planning activities.Conclusions: Activities of ASHA’s should be increased with a corresponding increase in incentives, so that she can get up to Rs. 10000-15000 per month. IEC/BCC skills to ASHA may be built by short course certification. Other services like strengthening the role of ASHA on promotive and preventive health care particularly age at marriage, nutrition, home based care delay in first child birth and spacing between 1st and 2nd birth.
Process evaluation of mission Indradhanush immunization program in urban and rural communities of Ahmedabad district of Gujarat
Authors: Algotar Priyank D. , Lakshmi N. , Yagnik Hardik B. , Jain Rinita
Published: January 2019

Background: Mission Indradhanush has been launched in December 2014 as a special drive to vaccinate all unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children. This study was conducted with an aim to evaluate process of mission Indradhanush immunization program in urban and rural communities of Ahmedabad district, Gujarat.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study carried out at places such as urban slums with migration, nomadic sites, brick kilns, construction sites, underserved and hard to reach areas from July 2015 to July 2017. Cluster sampling method has been used, adapted from WHO 30-cluster sampling. Thirty (30) clusters were selected using probability proportional to the population size (PPS). Each PHC/UHC was taken as one cluster.Results: All the planned session being held as per micro plan (100%). Due lists of beneficiaries were present at all sites but not updated at 6 (10%) session sites. Mobilizers were present at 58 (96.67%) session sites. ANMs were giving all 4 key messages at 86.67% of session sites. 115 (95.8%) caregivers told source of information was home visits of ASHA/AWW. 66(55.00%) mothers were aware about when to come for next visit and 70 (58.33%) aware about which vaccines were given on MI session day.Conclusions: All the session sites had micro plan and due list, which is major achievement and positive sign of successful implementation of mission Indradhanush. Availability of vaccines and other logistics were also up to the mark. Over all implementation process was satisfactory and according to operational guidelines of MI.
Perception about student-led seminars among undergraduate students of a government medical college in Visakhapatnam: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Haritha V. , Phani Madhavi K. V. , Devi Madhavi B.
Published: January 2019

Background: Teaching in India is still controlled by teacher-centered class room which would make them bored and exhausted. Educators now strive to provide the most productive class room experience for their students by facilitating small group discussions within the larger class such as seminar presentation by the students etc. Hence the present study was done to assess the perception of medical students regarding seminars in the curriculum towards a small group teaching activity. Objective is to assess the perception of medical students regarding seminars as a teaching learning activity.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 4th semester undergraduate medical students of Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh in the month of June 2016 to assess their perception regarding seminars in the curriculum. A pre-designed, pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: Total number of study participants were 136. Majority 110 (80.9%) of them agreed that seminar is a good academic activity and is helpful in learning. Around 96 (70%) of the students opined that seminars help students engage in higher order thinking tasks. Majority 93.4% agreed that seminars help students to overcome nervousness. About 91.9% felt seminars improve self-confidence and personality development.Conclusions: Students view that, seminars are more effective in deep understanding of the subject and critical thinking than didactic lectures and helps the students to improve self confidence and communication skills.
Occupational hazards and public health concerns of migrant construction workers: an epidemiological study in southern India
Authors: Nirmala C. J. , Prasad S. Dharaneesh
Published: January 2019

Background: Construction industry is one of the stable growing industries of the world and construction labour form 7.5% of the world labour force. In India, it is the largest economic activity after agriculture. Migrant construction workers are at a greater risk of developing certain health disorders and sickness than workers in many other industries. The objective was to study the socio demographic profile, morbidity profile among construction workers.Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at two construction sites in southern Bangalore and all workers were enrolled as study subjects. Data was collected using a pretested semi structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis used: descriptive statistics like percentages and Chi square test for test of significance.Results: Majority of the study population belonged to 15-45 years age group (87.3%), class IV (40.3%) socioeconomic status, Hindu religion (85%). Around 40% of them were illiterates and 68% of them were unskilled workers, rest semiskilled workers. Around 50% were from Raichur district of North Karnataka. Prevalence of injury was 8%, musculo-skeletal problems were around 50% followed by respiratory infections and gastrointestinal infections.Conclusions: The prevalence of musculoskeletal problems, respiratory problems and gastrointestinal infections was reported to be high among unskilled and semiskilled construction workers. There is need for health education and other prevention strategies for control of the same. Measures are needed to improve the work environment of construction workers by ensuring availability of personal protective equipments, good living conditions and sanitation facilities at the sites.
A study on breast feeding practices among mothers in urban field practice area of tertiary care center, Hyderabad
Authors: Cheedarla Viveka , Kenche Bhavani , Vemuri Jyothi Lakshmi Naga , Reshaboyina Lakshman Rao L.
Published: January 2019

Background: Breastfeeding is the best preventive intervention and has potential impact on child mortality. Breast-milk is safest, least allergic and has nutritional, immunological, behavioural and economic benefits. It also provides desirable mother baby bonding. Early human milk promotes gut maturation and immune activation in infants. Despite of the demonstrated benefit of breastfeeding, the duration and prevalence are still low in first six months of life. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practices among study population; to assess awareness regarding colostrum; to assess the socio demographic profile among mothers of 0-2 years children.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice area of tertiary health care center, Hyderabad. 100 mothers having children between 0-2 years age group were included by using simple random technique. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: Mean age group (yrs) of the mothers was 25.6±3.81, literate mothers are 81%, illiterates are 19% and employed mothers were 68%. Awareness regarding exclusive breastfeeding was more among literates than illiterates (p<0.05). Literacy status had no association regarding knowledge on colostrum among study subject. Pre lacteal feeds were practiced among 32% of mothers before initiation of breast feeding. The practice of prelacteal feeds were more in primi than multi para mothers (p<0.05). Practice of burping after the breastfeeding were followed by 71%. Mothers practicing correct positioning during breastfeeding were 63%.Conclusions: Among study subject 75% of them were given colostrum. Exclusive breastfeeding upto 0-6 months was practiced by 64% of mothers.
El inicio de la emergencia en los Andes del norte: una perspectiva a partir del registro tectónico-sedimentológico del Coniaciano al Paleoceno
Authors: Bayona Germán
Published: January 2019

El norte de los Andes está conformado por varias cadenas montañosas y extensos drenajes que transportan sedimentos a los océanos circundantes. La configuración actual no representa la de los primeros estadios de formación de los Andes del norte. La integración de la información sedimentológica, estratigráfica, geocronológica y de la procedencia de unidades del Coniaciano al Paleoceno expuestas al oriente de la Cordillera Central permite interpretar el cambio en los sistemas de acumulación de ambientes marinos de plataforma a sistemas continentales fluviales y planicies costeras, y establecer la ubicación de los primeros sistemas montañosos y los drenajes que suministraron sedimentos terrígenos a la cuenca. En el Campaniano temprano comenzó la aparición de bloques al occidente sobre la plataforma marina, en tanto que en el Campaniano tardío, emergieron altos intraplaca hacia el oriente, los cuales aumentaron elsuministro de sedimentos terrígenos detríticos al sistema marginal y marino de la cuenca. Los altos intraplaca orientales y el sistema marginal occidental crecieron hacia el norte durante el Maastrichtiano-Paleoceno como producto de los procesos de colisión y acrecentamiento de los bloques alóctonos. Estos levantamientos dieron inicio a varios sistemas de drenaje que cubrieron desde las planicies continentales hasta las marginales adyacentes; sin embargo, la poca capacidad de transporte de sedimentos y la alta tasa de subsidencia favorecieron la acumulación de los sedimentos terrígenos gruesos en canales, planicies y deltas intracontinentales, y solo los sedimentos terrígenos lodosos llegaron a la línea de costa. Esta evolución de los sistemas montañosos y drenajes difiere de lo propuesto por estudios previos que sugieren el crecimiento de altos intraplaca desde el Paleoceno. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Evidencias macromorfológicas y micromorfológicas de paleosuelos en el desierto de La Tatacoa y su variación sincrónica
Authors: Flórez-Molina María Teresa , Parra-Sánchez Luis Norberto , Jaramillo-Jaramillo Daniel Francisco , Jaramillo-Mejía José María
Published: January 2019

Se estudiaron los conjuntos de capas rojas del desierto de La Tatacoa, Huila, Colombia, con el fin de comprobar la presencia de paleosuelos en ellas y de establecer sus propiedades y variabilidad espacial, así como las condiciones ambientales bajo las cuales se formaron. Se comprobó la existencia de paleosuelos alcalinos en las capas rojas inferiores y en las ferruginosas con las siguientes características: horizontes iluviales Bt de color rojo, con estructuraen bloques angulares, bajo contenido de materia orgánica, cútanes y espejos de falla (slickensides), que mostraban translocación de óxidos de hierro y manganeso y de carbonatos de calcio. Además, se observó una gran variabilidad espacial en el espesor y la posición de los paleosuelos con respecto a los lechos líticos. Los procesos pedogenéticos responsables de la evolución de los paleosuelos fueron la iluviación y la lixiviación de arcilla, la mineralización de la materia orgánica, la solodización, la rubefacción, la fersialitización, la carbonatación, el adensamiento y la erosión hídrica. Estos procesos indican que la pedogénesis se llevó a cabo en un clima estacional contrastado en humedad, con una época muy seca seguida de otra muy lluviosa. La presencia de paleosuelos intercalados con capas líticas de granulometría variable sin pedogénesis implica que en la región se presentó una inestabilidad importante en las condiciones climáticas y geomorfológicas durante la época en que se formaron los conjuntos de capas rojas en el desierto. Se concluyó que la liberación de hierro a partir de los minerales primarios y su difusión dentro de la matriz del material geológico, con su posterior oxidación, fue el mecanismo responsable del color dominante tanto de las capas rojas como de los paleosuelos del desierto de La Tatacoa. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
El valor normativo de las buenas prácticas empresariales (BPE), a propósito de la circular de buenas prácticas del sector de transporte de carga en Colombia
Authors: Bonilla Sanabria Fabio Andrés , Franco Zárate Javier
Published: January 2019

En el mundo empresarial de hoy, cada vez se recurre con mayor frecuencia al concepto de buenas prácticas empresariales. En el ámbito del transporte de mercancías, aunque la discusión no es nueva, recientes pautas trazadas por las autoridades que intervienen en la materia han encendido de nuevo el debate sobre las implicaciones que pueden tener en este particular contexto empre­sarial. El presente artículo aborda entonces la problemática que supone la adopción de estas buenas prácticas empresariales, buscando guiar al lector a través del concepto y su evolución, para luego presentar algunas de las impli­caciones prácticas que los autores consideran tales buenas prácticas podrían tener desde una perspectiva legal.
DO PLANO NACIONAL DE POLÍTICAS PARA AS MULHERES AO ¨MACHISTÉRIO¨ DE TEMER
Authors: Gonçalves Renata , Abreu Suellen
Published: January 2019

Este artigo aborda a trajetória de lutas, feministas e de mulheres, que culminaram na criação da Secretaria Especial de Políticas para Mulheres (SPM) e no Plano Nacional de Políticas para Mulheres (PNPM), que procuraram assegurar a perspectiva de gênero na transversalidade de todas as instâncias e competências institucionais, técnicas-administrativas da governabilidade do Estado Brasileiro. Essas políticas foram duramente atingidas pelos cortes feitos pelo governo de Michel Temer.Palavras-chave: Políticas públicas, mulheres, Dilma Rousseff , Michel Temer.
La responsabilidad social empresarial: estrategia de posicionamiento y competitividad en el programa de Optometría de la Universidad de La Salle
Authors: Camacho Montoya Marcela
Published: January 2019

En la actualidad, la responsabilidad social es un tema de gran interés para muchas empresas, por los beneficios que genera, y puede abordarse desde objetivos morales, éticos, económicos o sociales. Si las universidades se constituyen en una empresa, entonces es válido considerar que estas utilizan las acciones de responsabilidad social empresarial como estrategia de competitividad para mejorar su posicionamiento y reputación en el medio. Para el caso de la optometría, concebida como una disciplina dentro de las ciencias de la salud, es indiscutible la fundamentación y proyección del ejercicio laboral, el cual, direccionado hacia la empresa, no puede distar de objetivos sociales que transformen el entorno, y no solo por la competitividad y la excelencia en los servicios, sino también por el impacto de las acciones humanas. Por ello, este artículo reflexiona sobre las consideraciones sociales desde la proyección empresarial de la optometría.
Aspectos fisiopatológicos y diagnóstico diferencial del pterigio
Authors: Rey Rodríguez Diana Valeria
Published: January 2019

El pterigio es una lesión fibrovascular en forma triangular del tejido conjuntival inflamado que crece sobre la córnea. Esta situación se explica por el deterioro y la supresión de las células madre, las cuales participan en la regeneración del epitelio corneal pero esta proliferación es interrumpida e inhibida por la hiperplasia del tejido conjuntival. Estos hallazgos comparten muchos rasgos con tumores y neoplasias, como la alteración genética, proliferación de fibroblastos, inflamación, vascularización, invasión y recurrencia después de la resección, lo cual puede coexistir con lesiones premalignas secundarias y generar progresión a hiperplasia, metaplasia, displasia y, en el peor de los casos, carcinoma. La tendencia de malignidad sobre la superficie ocular se da generalmente entre la zona de transición del epitelio corneal y conjuntival. Esta transición es una región vascular en la que se generan células madre, que son las responsables de la proliferación, el automantenimiento y la producción de un gran número de células hijas diferenciadas. Por lo anterior, se ha propuesto que los tumores pueden surgir a partir de lesiones preexistentes como el pterigio. Las manifestaciones clínicas similares generan varios diagnósticos diferenciales, como inflamaciones, degeneraciones y tumores. La distinción clínica, especialmente en áreas con alta exposición a la radiación ultravioleta, puede ser difícil, ya que comparten signos similares en cuanto a presentación y ubicación. El diagnóstico definitivo será confirmado a través del estudio histopatológico del tejido conjuntival.
Complejidades internas y externas en el sistema de la salud en Colombia durante el siglo XX
Authors: Ojeda Pérez Robert Manuel , Lozano María Fernanda
Published: January 2019

El servicio de salud en Colombia se ha transformado constantemente a través de varios modelos y cambios institucionales, lo cual amerita análisis considerables. Aun cuando, por lo menos en la teoría, estos modelos han buscado el desarrollo en la calidad de la prestación del servicio desde diferentes enfoques, y según las necesidades identificadas en el periodo de su implementación, es evidente que históricamente la población colombiana no percibe el servicio como eficiente. Por ello, es necesario identificar las falencias tanto internas como externas en la prestación del servicio, en función de establecer un dictamen de su futuro como prestación de servicio.
Estandarización de las pruebas HOTV, Snellen y ETDRS en niños de 5 a 15 años de edad dentro del protocolo REISVO: una prueba piloto
Authors: Páez Castro Agélica María , Bermúdez Ruiz Martha Luz
Published: January 2019

Objetivo evaluar el nivel de estandarización de las pruebas HOTV, Snellen y ETDRS para visión lejana, mediante prueba piloto, en niños de 5 a 15 años examinados en la Clínica de Optometría de la Universidad de La Salle. Metodología muestra de 19 niños del Centro Amar con agudeza visual mejor de 20/400. Se escogieron las pruebas y se estableció el nivel de estandarización de cada una con la proposición de protocolos por parte de optómetras participantes en la investigación y ajenos a ella. En la prueba piloto, la agudeza visual fue tomada por dos examinadores en tres días diferentes. Se aplicaron los test Snellen y ETDRS en todos los niños y el HOTV solo en los de edades entre 5 y 8 años, para ojos derecho e izquierdo. Resultados se halló una buena correlación intra- e interexaminadores para HOTV, Snellen y ETDRS. De las tres pruebas, ETDRS se comportó mejor, fue precisa y la más veraz. Se encontró buena correlación entre los resultados de Snellen y ETDRS. Conclusiones la buena correlación intra- e interexaminadores y la buena precisión intermedia de las pruebas HOTV, Snellen y ETDRS permiten evidenciar un nivel de estandarización apropiado según los protocolos propuestos, para niños entre 5 y 15 años. Aunque precisos, los test de agudeza visual son susceptibles a cambios que afectan su veracidad.
Aplicación de lectura crítica de artículos en el área de ciencias de la visión
Authors: González Espinosa Carol Lizeth , Hernández Cortés Laura Steffany , Jiménez Barbosa Íngrid Astrid
Published: January 2019

Introducción: la lectura crítica es el proceso de evaluar e interpretar la evidencia aportada por la literatura científica, analizando los resultados que se presentan, su validez, relevancia y aplicabilidad, con el fin de ser incorporados al cuidado del paciente.Objetivo: aplicar los conceptos de lectura crítica de artículos científicos a un caso en el área de ciencias de la visión.Materiales y métodos: para la aplicación de los conceptos de lectura crítica se realizó una búsqueda de literatura teniendo en cuenta palabras clave como lectura crítica y medicina basada en evidencia. Posteriormente se aplicaron los conceptos de lectura crítica a un artículo en ciencias de la visión fueron solicitados los permisos necesarios para ser usado en el análisis realizado en dicho artículo, en el cual se empleó la aplicación de guías encontradas en la página web de Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Español (CASPe).Conclusión: la aplicación de los conceptos de lectura crítica a un artículo científico en ciencias de la visión acompañado del uso de las herramientas digitales ayudó a mejorar el entendimiento y la comprensión del texto.
Antimicrobial resistance profile of bacteria isolated from infections and ocular microbiota
Authors: Martín Algarra Laura Victoria , Sánchez Rocha Martha Catalina , Rondón Correa Geraldine , Rodríguez Martha Fabiola
Published: January 2019

Introduction: the increase in strains resistant to antimicrobials in recent years may be due to their indiscriminate and excessive use. The World Health Organization (WHO) has promoted global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance; however, the biggest limitation is a lack of reliable data in some countries. Studies such as the Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Ocular Microorganisms (ARMOR) (2009 and 2013) and the Tracking Resistance in the United States Today (TRUST) report that the most prevalent microorganism in infections worldwide is Staphylococcus aureus, with a high percentage of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which are of great importance for public health due to their high resistance to antimicrobials.Objetive: To identify the main antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from infections or from ocular microbiota.Methods: A systematic review of literature in EBSCOhost databases: Academic Search, Medline, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, and Google Academics, with keywords such as ocular, antimicrobial, and resistance, between 2010 and 2017.Results: 30 articles on antimicrobial resistance from the last seven years were analyzed. In most countries, the genus Staphylococcus (S. aureus, 45%, NEC, 37%), Pseudomonas (8%) and Streptococcus (7%) were predominant. The lowest percentages were Corynebacterium (2%) and Klebsiella (1%).Conclusions: Most of the ocular isolates reported in the global context show resistance to beta-lactams. Increased resistance to these antibiotics implies a serious therapeutic problem in the hospital setting.
“Não existe privacidade 100% na internet”: sobre leis, mulheres, intimidade e internet
Authors: Accioly Lins Beatriz
Published: January 2019

Os assuntos abordados neste artigo se inserem em uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre os debates e contendas acerca da “pornografia de vingança” ou do “vazamento” de imagens. Estes são termos utilizados com frequência para se referir à divulgação e circulação não autorizada pela internet de conteúdos considerados íntimos e/ou eróticos de mulheres (comumente) com intuito vexatório e difamatório. Minha pesquisa de doutoramento, ainda em realização, acompanha as tentativas de criação e nomeação dessas categorias nos diferentes contextos em que são acionadas. Atento para as disputas simbólicas e classificatórias em jogo em sua construção social como um problema dos “tempos da internet” e uma forma de “regulação” moral da sexualidade feminina, culminando em iniciativas de reconhecer tais situações como uma forma específica de violência contra as mulheres. Abordarei aqui, etnograficamente, como o tema tem sido tratado de um ponto de vista jurídico e legislativo no Brasil, com especial atenção para as medidas tomadas na direção da tipificação penal desse novo crime e de sua inserção no texto da Lei Maria da Penha, que versa especificamente sobre a violência doméstica e familiar contra as mulheres.
Indígenas em movimento. Literatura como ativismo
Authors: Danner Leno Francisco , Dorrico Julie , Danner Fernando
Published: January 2019

Neste artigo, correlacionamos o desenvolvimento e o protagonismo público-políticos do Movimento Indígena brasileiro, a partir de meados de 1970, com a emergência e a consolidação da literatura indígena brasileira, a partir de 1990. Argumentaremos que, assim como as lideranças e os intelectuais indígenas fundadores do Movimento Indígena perceberam que somente a publicização e a politização de sua condição e de sua causa a partir da dinamização de uma voz-práxis direta, dos próprios indígenas por si mesmos e desde si mesmos, sem mediações institucionalistas, poderiam desvelar e problematizar a situação indígena no país, os escritores indígenas perceberam que somente produzindo suas próprias obras poderiam tanto descontruir a imagem caricata, folclórica e negativa feita de modo extemporâneo sobre seus povos, quanto reorientar o olhar, reformular a compreensão e recriar a imagem desses mesmos indígenas. Nesse sentido, a literatura indígena brasileira vincula-se diretamente ao Movimento Indígena e objetiva a publicização e a politização dos povos indígenas, constituindo-se em uma voz-práxis ativista, militante e engajada, em que o eu-nós lírico-político assume a promoção da singularidade antropológica e da diversidade cultural, e a denúncia da exclusão, da marginalização e da violência como seu objetivo e seu direcionamento mais básicos, buscando superar a invisibilização, o silenciamento e o privatismo a que os povos indígenas foram submetidos em nossa sociedade.
Educação escolar e o desenvolvimento do pensamento conceitual na adolescência: contribuições da psicologia histórico-cultural e da pedagogia histórico-crítica
Authors: Malanchen Julia , Anjos Ricardo Eleutério dos
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é o de evidenciar as contribuições da educação escolar no desenvolvimento do pensamento por conceitos na adolescência, a partir da pedagogia histórico-crítica e da psicologia histórico-cultural. Com base no materialismo histórico e dialético, apresenta uma pesquisa de caráter teórico-conceitual, destacando que o desenvolvimento do pensamento por conceitos na adolescência não é um fenômeno natural, mas sim, produto de um longo processo de formação engendrado por uma série de operações racionais, tais como: análise e síntese; comparação; generalização e sistematização; abstração e concreção. Aponta, desse modo, a importância da organização da educação escolar a partir dos conceitos científicos, uma vez que, a apropriação dos mesmos, promove formas especiais de conduta, modifica a atividade das funções psíquicas, cria novos níveis de desenvolvimento humano e proporciona um entendimento mais articulado do mundo. Conclui-se que, quando a escola se propõe a conduzir o aluno ao pensamento conceitual, possibilita maiores condições para o conhecimento da realidade objetiva.
Using Interactive Games for the Teaching of Question Tags: Insights from an English Language Course In Indonesia
Authors: Sulistyawati Meiva Eka Sri , Warpindyastuti Lady Diana
Published: January 2019

Learning foreign language has been the part of our educational systems. It has been taught from the early stage of education. However, there are still many difficulties in learning. And there are many challenges for the teachers to make it as a fun learning. This research aims is examine how can the interactive games can help the students to understand about questions tags better and can be used in the daily conversation. Meanwhile, the observed population that was used for the research was the students of English For All (EFA) English Course in Cirendeu, Tangerang Banten. The students were Junior High School students. The writers used the descriptive qualitative methods as using interactive games which was using oral test and conversation activities to learn how much their improvement in understanding about question tags.

 

Keywords: Question Tags, Interactives Games, Teaching
Internet Adoption of Indonesian Remote Society: Integrated Broadband Village Versus Commercial Mobile Broadband
Authors: Dhahir Darman Fauzan
Published: January 2019

A free integrated broadband facility provision by the Indonesian Government in several remote villages seems has not been successfully narrowing down the digital divide.  To establish a solution, the gap that caused the problem needs to reveal.  Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of illustrating the efforts the Indonesian government has made those in term of narrowing down the digital divide, as well as the community feedback in term of how they adopt the internet.  Data was obtained from observations and discussions with the government officials and society in several purposive selected rural villages in Eastern Indonesia.  It is qualitatively analysed using the diffusion of innovation point of view.  The research result gives an overview that the facilities provided by Integrated Broadband Village (IBV) have not been welcomed enthusiasm, whereas the commercial mobile broadband (CMB) network services those are not free was more preferred due to the advantages in all phases of diffusion of innovations.  Unfortunately, CMB is not evenly available especially in areas with minimal population.  Besides, the efforts of local governments in developing community access are differing in degrees.
Pengaruh Youtube di Smartphone Terhadap Perkembangan Kemampuan Komunikasi Interpersonal Anak
Authors: Putra Asaas , Patmaningrum Diah Ayu
Published: January 2019

Saat ini aplikasi yang digunakan pada smartphone semakin berkembang, dan berbanding lurus dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, bukan hanya orang dewasa, namun anak Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) sudah menggunakan smartphone setiap harinya untuk mencari hiburan melalui aplikasi Youtube.  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh aplikasi Youtube di smartphone terhadap perkembangan kemampuan komunikasi interpersonal anak TK di Kota Bandung.  Penelitian ini juga diharapkan menjawab isu yang beredar tentang pengaruh teknologi terhadap kemampuan komunikasi anak usia TK yang beredar tanpa berdasarkan data dan riset yang jelas.  Metode yang digunakan ialah kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskripsi.  Penggunaan metode kuantitatif agar data yang didapatkan bisa akurat,  terukur, dan teruji.  Penelitian ini melibatkan satu variabel independen dan satu variabel dependen.  Pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus probability sampling dengan pendekatan Slovin dengan jumlah responden 70 anak TK.  Teknik analisis data adalah deskripsi dan analisis regresi linear sederhana.  Simpulan penelitian ini, pengaksesan youtube di smartphone untuk anak TK di Kota Bandung yang dilakukan setiap harinya bisa memengaruhi perkembangan kemampuan komunikasi intepersonal anak.
Social Plasticity in the Fish Brain: Neuroscientific and Ethological Aspects
Authors: Maruska Karen , Soares Marta C. , Lima-Maximino Monica , de Siqueira-Silva Diógenes Henrique , Maximino Caio
Published: January 2019

Social plasticity, defined as the ability to adaptively change the expression of social behavior according to previous experience and to social context, is a key ecological performance trait that should be viewed as crucial for Darwinian fitness. The neural mechanisms for social plasticity are poorly understood, in part due to skewed reliance on rodent models. Fish model organisms are relevant in the field of social plasticity for at least two reasons: first, the diversity of social organization among fish species is staggering, increasing the breadth of evolutionary relevant questions that can be asked. Second, that diversity also suggests translational relevance, since it is more likely that “core” mechanisms of social plasticity are discovered by analyzing a wider variety of social arrangements than relying on a single species. We analyze examples of social plasticity across fish species with different social organizations, concluding that a “core” mechanism is the initiation of behavioral shifts through the modulation of a conserved “social decision-making network”, along with other relevant brain regions, by monoamines, neuropeptides, and steroid hormones. The consolidation of these shifts may be mediated via neurogenomic adjustments and regulation of the expression of plasticity-related molecules (transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, and plasticity products).
Organogenesis: A New Theme to Study Genetic Expression in Adult Liver Regeneration After Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: Witwit Haydar
Published: January 2019

Researchers in different disciplines studied liver’s genetic expression of organogenesis in embryogenesis; however, organogenesis has not been studied as an independent and a complementary process during adult liver regeneration. This paper reviewed studies and extracted information related to organogenesis in adult liver regeneration because of organogenesis’ important role in cancer and tissue regeneration.
Prognostic Significance of EIF4G1 in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Goh Tae Sik , Ha Mihyang , Lee Jung Sub , Jeong Dae Cheon , Jung Eun Sang , Han Myoung-Eun , Kim Yun Hak , Oh Sae-Ock
Published: January 2019

Background: The advances of genomics have greatly improved the survival rate cancer patients. However, due to genetic heterogeneity, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still difficult to diagnose early and the survival rate is extremely low. Therefore, we identified biomarkers that predict the prognosis of PDAC patients by using independent cohort data. Methods: To develop a novel prognostic biomarker, we used gene expression and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). In Kaplan-Meier survival curve using median values of genes as cut off, the only statistically significant gene in the three cohorts was EIF4G1. We analyzed prognostic significance of EIF4G1 using the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) of the Uno's C-index, the AUC value of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) at 3 years, and multivariate cox analysis. Also, we compare EIF4G1 levels between tumor and matched non-tumor. Results: EIF4G1 is the only prognostic gene patients with PDAC which was selected by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high expression of EIF4G1 was associated with poor prognosis of PDAC with good discriminative ability in 3 independent cohorts. Risk stratifying ability of EIF4G1 was demonstrated by analyzing C-indices and AUC values. Multivariate cox regression analysis confirmed its prognostic significance. EIF4G1 expression was significantly higher in the PDAC tissues than in the matched normal tissues. Conclusions: Herein, the novel prognostic biomarker EIF4G1 could be used as prognostic maker for PDAC and determining suitable treatment options.
Ankylosing Spondylitis Is Associated with Risk of New Onset Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chien-Han Tsao , Huang Jing-Yang , Huang Hsin-Hsin , Hung Yao-Min , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Tsan Hung Yin
Published: January 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients in a nationwide population. Methods: We conducted a nationwide cohort study between 2003 and 2013 using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The AS cohort included 2210 patients who were newly diagnosed between 2003 and 2013. Randomly selected non-AS controls were matched at a 1:4 ratio based on age, sex and index date. The endpoint of OSA was occurrence or the end of 2013. Cumulative incidences, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated after adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities and co-medications. Multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards model. Due to violation of the proportionality assumption, landmark analysis was conducted to explore the risk of OSA during specific follow-up periods. Results: The adjusted HR (aHR) of OSA for the AS group was 2.826 (95% C.I. = 1.727–4.625) compared to the control group. On landmark analysis, aHR was 7.919 (95% C.I. = 3.169–19.792) for AS group 0–24 months from index date, and decreased to 1.816 (95% C.I. = 0.944–3.494) at ≥ 24 months from index date. On subgroup analyses increased risks of OSA in AS group compared to the control group were found for both males and females (aHRs were 4.533 (95% C.I. = 1.441–14.262) and 2.672 (95% C.I. = 1.522–4.692) for females and males, respectively). On age stratified analysis, there was significant risk only for the 40–59 age group with aHR of 3.913 (95% C.I. = 1.890–8.102). Conclusions: A higher risk of developing OSA was found among newly diagnosed AS cohort during the 12-year follow-up period, especially within 2 years after AS index date and in the 40–59 age group.
Market Risk and Financial Performance of Non-financial Companies Listed on the Moroccan Stock Exchange
Authors: Kassi Diby François , Rathnayake Dilesha Nawadali , Edjoukou Akadje Jean Roland
Published: January 2019

This study examines the effect of market risk on the financial performance of 31 non-financial companies listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) over the period 2000-2016. We utilize three alternative variables to assess financial performance, namely return on assets, return on equity and profit margin. Next, we use the degree of financial leverage, the book-to-market ratio, and the gearing ratio as market risk variables. Besides, we employ the pooled OLS model, the fixed effects model, the random-effects model, the difference GMM and the system GMM models. The results show that market risk indicators have a negative and significant influence on the companies' financial performance. The elasticities are greater following the book-to-market ratio compared to the degree of financial leverage and the gearing ratio, respectively. In most cases, the firm size, the tangibility ratio, and the cash holdings ratio have a positive effect on financial performance, whereas the firms' age, the debt-to-income ratio, stock turnover, and leverage hurt the performance of these non-financial companies. Therefore, decision-makers and managers should mitigate market risk through appropriate strategies of risk management, such as derivatives and insurance techniques.
A National Network of Public Health and Faith-Based Organizations to Increase Influenza Prevention Among Hard-to-Reach Populations
Authors: Kiser Mimi , Lovelace Kay
Published: January 2019

We studied a national collaboration to prevent the spread of 2009 H1N1 and seasonal influenza, and highlighted how a partnership among the Interfaith Health Program (IHP) at Emory University, the Department of Health and Human Services Partnership Center, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) leveraged the distinctive capabilities of local public health, health care, and faith-based organizations in 10 communities around the country.

From 2009 to 2016, IHP, ASTHO, and the Partnership Center worked as intermediaries with these partnerships, aligning and amplifying their capacity to extend influenza prevention services for hard-to-reach vulnerable populations.

We suggested that intermediary organizations enabled information sharing, co-learning, and dissemination of best practices through horizontal and vertical channels. We recommended practices for these partnerships to engage local networks that share commitments to eliminate health disparities, to use a frame of strengths and assets, and to provide a supportive multilocal, multilevel learning community.
Dynamic Compression of the Subclavian Artery Secondary to Clavicle Nonunion
Authors: Nicholson Jamie A. , Stirling Paul H.C. , Strelzow Jason , Robinson Christopher M.
Published: January 2019

Case:

We describe 2 patients with nonunion of the clavicle and dynamic compression of the subclavian artery. In both patients, no structural abnormality of the subclavian vessels was evident at rest; however, with the arm in hyperabduction, arterial occlusion occurred because of the mobility of the fracture and a prominent callus.

Conclusion:

This small case series demonstrates an important and, to our knowledge, unreported clinical complication of clavicle fracture nonunion. We believe that this complication is worth considering as a rare but important cause of pain in patients with delayed union or nonunion of the clavicle.
Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en Perú según las nuevas recomendaciones de la guía AHA 2017: análisis secundario de Endes 2016
Authors: Alvarez-Arias Priscilla , Huanca-Yufra Fabiana , Caira Brenda , Zafra-Tanaka Jessica Hanae , Moreno-Loaiza Oscar
Published: January 2019

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