bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ground Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum) as Feed Additive on the Performance of Broilers
Authors: Chuparan Amelia L. , Atinyao Marlene B. , Garcia Mary Arnel D.
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated the effect of ground black pepper as feed additive on the weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed cost to produce a kg gain in weight and morbidity and mortality rate of broilers. A total of 160 straight-run day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed to four treatments using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Each treatment was replicated four times with ten birds per replicate. The birds were fed with the same basal diets (chick booster, starter and finisher). Black pepper (BP) was mixed to the basal diets at different levels: 0g (T0), 5g (T1), 10g (T2) and 15g (T3) per kilogram of commercial feed. The dietary treatments were fed for 35 days from day old.
There were no significant differences among treatments in the initial and final weights and gain in weight of broilers. However, highly significant differences were observed in the feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed cost per kilogram of broiler produced. The birds given 15g of ground black pepper per kg of commercial ration had the best feed conversion efficiency of 1.68 and least cost of feeds (Php 45.46) to produce a kilogram of weight. Apparently, no morbidity and mortality were incurred in the birds receiving this dietary treatment.
This study shows that the inclusion of ground black pepper at a rate of 15g/kg of commercial ration in broiler diet resulted in reduced feed intake, improved feed efficiency of broilers, lower feed cost per kilogram of broiler produced and better health performance.
Efficacy and Profitability of Organic Fertilizers on Arabica Coffee Seedling Production
Authors: Dayap Emilia F. , Amado Von Y.
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of soil applied formulated organic solid fertilizers (FOSF) supplemented with sprayed formulated organic liquid fertilizers (FOLF) and to determine the cost and return on potted Arabica coffee seedlings under greenhouse conditions.
Results showed that a mixture of 100 g FOSF/pot having 1.7 kg soil and spray application of FOLF at a rate of 100 ml per 16 liters of water every 15 days is effective and economical in the production of vigorous Arabica coffee seedlings desired for planting.
Models for Packing Circular Objects Into Rectangular Air Spaces
Authors: Oryan Serano L.
Published: February 2025

spaces are here presented. The study explores on different packing patterns that tend to increase the population density of a given rectangular space by way of systematic repositioning of the objects and by applications of some trigonometric concepts in determining the effect of repositioning to the vertical distances between the centers of the objects across the contiguous rows. The results showed that if the dimension (rc) of a rectangular space is rc = 8x5, where the unit of measure of the space is the diameter of a circular object, then the default arrangement of the objects can be repositioned so that the content of the space is maximum. The results also showed that a rectangular space attains its maximum content if row, r, is a multiple of [ 7.464 ] and column c ≥ 5. In order to determine whether the population density of a rectangular space can be increased by applying some packing patterns, two mathematical models are developed, through which the exact number of objects that can be accommodated in a space is calculated. This study shows that there are deterministic mathematical models of calculating the maximal number of identical circular objects that can be packed into rectangular spaces. In cases, however, where the rectangular container provides empty space either on the row or column or both with length less than the diameter of one circular object, then adjustment on the models may be made. Hence, it is recommended that such particular cases have to be further explored in future study.
21st Century Skills Among the Faculty of a Teacher Education Institution in Benguet
Authors: Parcasio Imelda G.
Published: February 2025

Globalization and the increasing pervasiveness of digital technologies are the pressing characteristics of the world at the turn of this century. This study was conducted to assess the proficiency of the faculty staff and their cognizance to deliver the knowledge needed by the 21st century learners. The study employed the quantitative and qualitative method of inquiry, using questionnaire, interview and document analysis to gather data.
Results revealed that the faculty are very proficient of the 21st Century Skills along learning and innovation, information, media and technology skills and life and career skills with a mean of 3.34. The male respondents are very proficient in critical thinking and problem-solving skills (3.73). The females are very proficient in social and socio-cultural skills (3.47). Those with 1-5 years in teaching are very proficient in initiative and self-direction (3.37); those with 6-10 years in teaching are proficient in social and cross-cultural skills (3.41); those with 11-15 years in teaching are very proficient in productivity and accountability (3.93) and those with 16 and above years in teaching are very proficient in social and cross-cultural skills (3.92). The challenges faced are integration of ICT in facilitating lessons, eliciting student’s creativity, critical thinking and problem solving skills, slow acquisition of new equipment, lack of facilities to utilize, poor media literacy and diversified learners.
Propagation Trials with Application of Pre-Germination Treatments and Rooting Hormones to Stem Cuttings of Beltik (Syzygium sub-caudatum (Merr.) Merr.) and Itsa/Tsa-a (Ehretia microphylla Lam.)
Authors: Tacloy John G.
Published: February 2025

Propagation trials for Beltik (Syzygium sub-caudatum (Merr.) Merr.) and Itsa (Ehretia microphylla Lam.) using seeds and stem cuttings were conducted at the nursery of the College of Forestry, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. The trials were used to determine the planting stock production techniques for Beltik and Itsa for their efficient propagation and establishment of plantations for economic development and environmental protection. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the germination rate and period, survival rate of the stem cuttings, and average quantity of roots that develop in the rooted stem cuttings of the species. Results showed that Beltik can be propagated using seeds and stem cuttings but entails intensive care, including partial shading of the newly germinated seeds in the former, and the “double cutting” procedure, also with intensive care, for the latter. Seed germination rates averaged 91.1% for the extracted seeds and 2.54% for the un-extracted seeds. These were not significantly affected by the applied sun-drying and air-drying treatments. The planted hardwood cuttings produced sprouts but did not produce roots. On the other hand, Itsa can be propagated using stem cuttings but may be difficult to propagate using seeds. The survival rates of the planted stem cuttings averaged 65.74% and were not significantly affected by the stem cutting sections used and the applied hormonal treatments. Furthermore, the stem cutting sections used and the applied hormonal treatments did not significantly affect the quantity of roots developed in the rooted stem cuttings but their interaction did.
Purging the Tunnels: Decision-Making Process of Kabayan Indigenous Peoples Community on Hydro Electric Power Project (HEPP)
Authors: Nuval Paul Joseph A. , Budikey Aurita S.
Published: February 2025

Development projects may be realized if the participation from the communities is upheld. Guided by the principles of Participatory Communication Theory (Bessette, 2006), this study was conducted to review and understand the decision-making process of the Kabayan Indigenous Peoples (IP) community on the proposed 20 Megawatts Kabayan 1 Hydroelectric Power Project (HEPP) of Hydroelectric Development Corporation (Hedcor) Benguet Inc.. The proposed project was terminated after the elders/leaders of Kabayan voted against the implementation of the project in a consensus building held on November 18, 2016. The Hedcor Benguet Inc. has filed for a Motion for Reconsideration but has consequently withdrawn this to explore other alternatives that maybe favorable to the community. Further, the results showed that most of the community members through their elders/leaders participated and joined in the activities in relation to the hydroelectric project initiated by the NCIP and the community themselves. The participation of the elders/leaders in the said decision-making was manifested in their active articulation of the community’s stand for their interests and welfare. Also, external and internal factors affected the decision of the elder/leaders based on individual understanding and stance on the issue. Several community values were identified in the decision-making of the participants, which include collectivism, respect, trust, freedom of opinions, environmentalism, unity, and volunteerism.
Development of Organic Fertilizer Products and Systems to Improve Soil Fertility of Organic Vegetable Production of Cabbage in Benguet, Philippines
Authors: Laurean Carlito P.
Published: February 2025

Formulation of organic fertilizers were studied to support organic vegetable production in Benguet, Philippines. The formulated liquid organic fertilizers based on farmers’ concoctions showed very low nutrient contents. New formulations using legume seeds were done which resulted to higher nutrient contents. Likewise, solid organic fertilizers were formulated using locally available raw materials. A combination of 50% chicken manure, 20% sawdust, 20% sunflower leaves, 10% Alnus compost and Trichoderma gave the highest nutrient contents. The solid and reformulated organic liquid fertilizers and Trichoderma were tested on cabbage grown in farm under conversion to organic production. Lower yields were observed during the early part of conversion. However, after three years of conversion, the yields of cabbage had significantly increased which were comparable to the yield in conventional farms. The recommended rates of solid and liquid formulated organic fertilizers found effective for both cabbage are 10t/ha of formulated solid fertilizer and 60 ml/L of liquid fertilizer, respectively. The nutrient management system found effective for organic production of cabbage was the application of Trichoderma two weeks before planting and split application of solid organic fertilizers three times during the growing period, that is, before planting, 15 days after planting and 30 days after planting at the rate of 2.5, 2.5 and 5.0 t/ha, respectively. The organic liquid fertilizer was applied at the rate of 60 ml per liter of water 15 days after planting and every two weeks thereafter until cabbage heads have formed. This nutrient management system provided the crops the essential nutrients during the critical growth and reproductive stages which resulted to higher yields comparable to those produced in conventional farms.
Field Performance of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa Duch) Varieties ‘Sweet Charlie’ and ‘Festival’ Grown from Different Sub-Cultured Tissue Culture Meristem in La Trinidad, Benguet
Authors: Dumaslan Milagros R. , Kilakil Jemma Rose M.
Published: February 2025

The field performance of two strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa Duch) varieties ‘Sweet Charlie’ and ‘Festival’ were investigated using various sub-cultured tissue culture meristem grown in La Trinidad, Benguet condition. ‘Sweet Charlie’ plants from sub-culture (S) 2 to 8 were the earliest to produce its first harvestable fruits from transplanting. Longer days were needed by plants from S9 and S10 in terms of days from transplanting to flowering and from flowering to fruit set. Longest fruit were observed from plants in S10, while comparative equational diameter were observed from various sub-cultures of ‘Sweet Charlie’, except S9 which was observed to have smaller diameter. Sweetest fruits were gathered from plants in S2. In ‘Festival’ variety, plants from S3, S5 and S6 were the earliest to produce the first harvestable fruits from fruit set. Longer fruits were observed from S2-S5 and S8, while the sweetest fruits were taken in plants from S10, comparable to S3 to S9. In terms of yield, fruits from S3 had the highest marketable yield, comparable to that from S4, S5, and S8. Non-marketable yield was also highest in plants from S3, comparable to that from S5, S7, and S9.
Status of Introduced Potato Varieties in Benguet and Mountain Province, Philippines
Authors: Kiswa Cynthia G. , Dao-ines Gabby K. , Gayao Betty T.
Published: February 2025

Benguet and Mountain Province are recipients of several potato variety introductions since the 1970s due to its favorable climate to highland crop production. Farmers save planting materials year by year through traditional practices, which led to accumulation of diseases, degeneration, and eventually, loss of varieties. Other reasons for loss of varieties are unavailability of plant materials, susceptibility to diseases, particularly wilts and rots, vulnerability to abiotic stress, and introduction of new varieties. Out of 40 varieties introduced, only 15 varieties are presently cultivated. Only five of these cultivated varieties are most preferred by farmers, namely: Granola, Igorota, Mexican, Fina, and Cosima. However, Fina and Cosima are limited in production due to the unavailability of planting materials. These were among the eight varieties retrieved from growers and now regenerated, conserved and presently being multiplied at BenguetState University – Northern Philippines Root Crops Research and Training Center (BSU-NPRCRTC) germplasm gene bank for verification and re-introduction.
Growing Arabica Coffee in the Mountain:
Authors: Batani Ruth S. , Sa-ao Beverly C. , Manao Kristerlyne S. , Altaki Mary An J. , Faroden Joel C. , Hudson Gretchen Shagami M. , Tagarino Darlyn D.
Published: February 2025

Using focus group discussions and key informant interviews, this paper presents the production and marketing dynamics vis-à-vis local capacity to meet local demands in selected Arabica growing communities in Benguet and Mountain Province. Findings show that there are various efforts done locally to keep the industry thriving amidst challenges such as climate hazards and the attractiveness of converting to vegetable cash crop production. Two distinct potential good practice models figure when looking at the coffee industry's major local players: the individual entrepreneur and the organized cooperatives. These models are not new, but findings show that each model has elements to share and areas where each model can work at its best. These models have upscaling potentials.
Germplasm Collection and Varietal Evaluation of Heirloom Rice Landraces in Benguet, Philippines
Authors: Tad-awan Belinda A. , Gayomba Hector C. , Masangcay Teresita D. , Chomawat Jasmin M. , Mauting Wilner S.
Published: February 2025

Heirloom rice landraces are unique breeds of rice that are distinct from other rices in many characters. Heirloom rice is a principal crop planted in the rice terraces of Benguet and is now gaining momentum in the local and international market. Benguet province, an ethno society depicts an heirloom rice farming community which has preserved its rice landraces as demonstrated by its large production area. Documentation and germplasm collection was done in three major heirloom rice producing municipalities involving 330 heirloom rice farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Participatory evaluation of rice landraces with market potential was done with farmer-cooperators in three sites (Bakun, Kapangan, and Kibungan) where selection was done by other heirloom farmers during harvest. There were 82 rice landraces documented and collected in Bakun, Kapangan, and Kibungan. In the participatory evaluation and selection, the best landraces in each location based on yield, stability, and farmers’ preference are Brando, Lablabi and Lasbakan in Bakun; Sapaw, Balatinaw, and Bongkitan in Kapangan, and Balatinaw and Bongkitan in Kibungan.
Teachers’ and Students’ Assessment on the Extent of Constructivism in the Senior High School Physics Learning Environment in Benguet, Philippines
Authors: Abiasen Jovalson T. , Reyes Gaudelia A.
Published: February 2025

The education literature recognizes constructivism as the most appropriate pedagogical and philosophical approach in any field of science. This study aimed to determine the assessment of teachers and students on the extent of constructivism of the physics learning environment senior high school STEM-strand. Students' assessments were also compared according to the type of senior high school (public and private). The study used a descriptive survey design using the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES) tool administered to 12 STEM-strand teachers and 520 students from different private and public senior high schools in Benguet. Results revealed that students and teachers assessed the physics learning environment as very constructivist and mostly constructivist, respectively. When compared according to the type of school, public high school students have slightly higher assessments than students coming from private high schools, although both overall mean scores are classified as very constructivist. The results suggest enriching the different dimensions of constructivism is still needed to achieve a holistic constructivist classroom in the STEM curriculum. Future studies using qualitative research design and other survey instruments or tools are recommended to confirm results.
Teaching Internship Apprehensions of Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Bansiong Apler J.
Published: February 2025

This paper determined the level of teaching internship apprehensions (TIAs) of elementary and secondary pre-service teachers (PSTs) in a capital town campus of a State University in the Cordillera Administrative Region. The PSTs’ overall TIAs were compared according to degree program, sex, and specialization. It also identified the specific sources of TIAs that are most and least pressing to the respondents. An adapted version of the Teaching Internship Apprehensions Scale (TIAS) was used to gather data. Results showed that overall, the PSTs were highly anxious about the off-campus teaching internship, as indicated by their high overall level of TIAs. The Bachelor in Elementary Education (BEE) PSTs and the female participants possessed significantly higher TIAs than their counterparts. However, specialization appeared a non-significant determinant of TIA levels in both degree programs. The greatest sources of TIA were learner-related factors and the teaching process. Specifically, the PSTs were most concerned about pupil control and classroom management, adapting to the learners’ individual needs and interests, motivating learners, selecting appropriate strategies, and lesson planning. In contrast, the PSTs were least concerned about their self-confidence, background knowledge, and ability to adapt to limited resources. Topics for the pre-deployment seminars and the possible contents of a proposed teaching internship survival handbook are herein suggested.
Social Media adoption as alternative platforms for political marketing in Kenya
Authors:   St. Paul's University, Ndavula John O.
Published: February 2025

This study seeks to establish the determinants of social media adoption for political marketing in
Kenya. The study is guided by the diffusion of innovations theory. The study utilizes the mixed
methods sequential explanatory design. Politicians who contested at the presidential,
gubernatorial, senatorial, women representative and parliamentary levels in the 2013 general
elections in Kenya comprise the study population. The Fisher’s Formula for finite population
drew a sample size of 338 respondents from a total population of 2807 political candidates.
Stratified random sampling was used to ensure representation from politicians across the
national and devolved levels. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides. The
quantitative data obtained from the administration of questionnaires was analysed using
descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to answer the quantitative research questions.
Qualitative data obtained from interviews with key informants was transcribed and divided into
meaningful analytical units which were coded for content analysis. Findings show that there was
a rapid adoption of social media among the candidates for the 2013 General Elections with
Facebook diffusing more rapidly than Twitter. Relatively cheaper cost of social media use,
familiarity with technology, and years of Internet use, were shown to significantly contribute to
adoption decision. Though mobilization of voters may primarily be done offline, social media
ought to be utilized together with other media to supplement campaigns in complementarity and
mutual dependency, as the study demonstrates a situation in flux.
Keywords: Social media, diffusion of innovations, technology adoption, political marketing,
political campaigns
An Analysis of the Social and Economic Effects of Land Tenure Practices among the Maasai Community in Ngong Division, Kajiado County, Kenya
Authors:   St. Paul's University, Irungu Charity , Kinyenze Jonathan Mumo ,   St. Paul's University
Published: February 2025

Kenya's population has increased more than fourfold since 1963, from 8.1 million to more than
43 million people. The majority of the population lives in the rural areas and depends mainly on
land as a productive resource. This increase in population therefore has put a lot of pressure on
land resulting in land tenure changes even amongst the pastoral communities in Kenya. This
study sought to answer the research questions: How has land tenure changed over the last 50
years amongst the pastoral Maasai of Ngong, Kenya; and what are the socio-economic effects of
the changes in land tenure among the Maasai of Ngong, Kenya. A descriptive survey using semistructured
questionnaires from 120 purposively selected respondents, as well focused group
discussions and key informant interviews were done to generate data for the study. The results
showed that communal land ownership is still being practiced although individual land
ownership is increasingly replacing the latter. This trend is fuelled mainly by economic factors,
population growth, government policies and climatic changes. These changes have overall
negatively altered the livelihood and lifestyles of the community members.
Key words: Land Tenure, Population growth, Poverty, Pastoralism, Maasai, Kenya
Newspaper Framing of Gender-based (domestic) Violence of Women –on-Men from Nyeri County, Kenya
Authors:   St. Paul's University, Bitrus-Ojiambo Ukaiko A. , King'ori Muthoni E. ,   St. Paul's University
Published: February 2025

This paper examined print media representations of gender-based domestic violence messages
from Nyeri, Kenya, one of the counties inhabited by the Kikuyu ethnic group. The Kikuyu are
Kenya‘s most populous ethnic group – this is according to the 2009 Kenya population census
(Basse, 2010). Two newspapers, the Daily Nation (mainstream) and the Nairobian (tabloid-style)
weekly provided the data for the study. Content analysis was used to examine the frequency of
frames, prominence, type of stories, and sources used in the stories while critical discourse
analysis (CDA) helped examine emergent themes. Purposive sampling was used to select news
articles on gender-based domestic violence in Nyeri County published by the two newspapers
between June 1st, 2015 and August 31st, 2015. In total, 22 articles were analyzed from both
newspapers. The main findings: (1) Most of the news articles had a negative tone: Daily Nation
(eight) and the Nairobian (nine); (2) the Nairobian covered the domestic violence in Nyeri in a
sensational manner using vivid language, graphics and colorful pictorials, while the Daily
Nation used a conservative approach in its coverage; (3) The two newspapers framed the Nyeri
woman as an angry, violent and dangerous woman while the Nyeri man was framed as mainly
an alcoholic and helpless victim; and (4) Previous gender media narratives such as the Bobbitt‘s
gender violence story and the Angry black woman phenomenon parallel the localized
Nyerification effect.
Key Words: Nyerification, Gender-Based (Domestic) Violence, Stereotypes, Media Framing,
Content Analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis
Environmental Stewardship: Biblical Theology as a Basis for Ecclesial Participation.
Authors:   Moi University, Kipkemboi Lagat Daniel
Published: February 2025

Environmental problems and climate change have recently emerged asenormous problems affecting the world. Various organizations and groups have been actively trying to respond to this menace. Christians however all over the world are demonstrating passive attitude towards environmental management. Many Christians believe that there islack of clear Biblical guidance on their role in environmental matters. They thus do not know how God expects them to act. Other Christians are trying to get such guidance from non-biblical sources, which are not authoritative enough to compel Christians to act in certain ways. This study seeks to answer the question: “HowshouldaChristian act towards the environment?”Toanswer the question, adescriptive exegetical study was conducted on scriptural passages linked to key doctrines(Creation, Man, Sin,Covenant, Christology, Eschatology and Salvation)to find out if they also provide direction on how Christians need to treat the environment. These key theological themes were chosen because they are regarded fundamental to orthodox Christian faith. The findings of this study show that most of the scriptures linked to key theological themes also provide guidance on how Christians should treat the environment.
Key Words: Environment, Stewardship, Theology, Biblical, Dominion, Responsible.
RED 2024-(wl 5377)-Saving Wildlife in a Changing India
Authors: Madhusudan M D , Sinha Anindya
Published: February 2025

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(wl-1420)-Peasants, Transition and the Agrarian Question in Happy as Lazzaro
Authors: Joshy Jacob
Published: February 2025

The article delves into the portrayal of peasant life, transition, and the agrarian question in Alice Rohrwacher's film "Happy as Lazzaro." By exploring the film's narrative, characters, and socio-economic context, the author surveys the mainstream view of agrarian transition with the contemporary view. As the film's narrative unfolds, themes of liberation, modernity, and the implications of the transition from precapitalist modes of production to wage labour are examined. The article critically engages with Marxist theory, particularly in dissecting the process of expropriation and its impact on peasant communities. Through Rohrwacher's nuanced storytelling and political undertones, "Happy as Lazzaro" offers a poignant commentary on societal inequities and the ongoing struggle for emancipation.
RED 2024-(wl 6336)-A Road to Coastal Deregulation:The Worli Fishing Zone Dispute
Authors: Wagh Shweta , Indorewala Hussain
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the opposition to Mumbai’s Coastal Road megaproject, particularly by the two fishworker societies of Worli, as a political and legal dispute over the Worli Fishing Zone. The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ), that provided some protection to coastal ecology and fishers’ livelihoods, was weakened, re-interpreted, and circumvented to enable construction of the project. The article discusses the struggle of the Worli fishers to defend their livelihood rights over their fishing commons.
(wl-815) -Envisioning the Futures of Caste
Authors: Veeresha Nayakara
Published: February 2025

This note is the response to the Surinder S Jodhka’s article on the futures of caste. It argues that the term Jaati has more pervasiveness than the word caste in rural and urban India. The word Jaati is more suitable and relevant over the imposed idea of caste to understand the nuances of complexities of Jaati in its structural-functional framework. In the changing political economy scenario of the country, the author’s ambitious objective of deconstructing and sometimes demystifying the existing knowledge on the institution of caste is an interesting and challenging. The reimagination of caste only constitutes what part of it but not how to begin and proceed further on delineating the possible future aspects of caste. Without how part  this what aspect remain incomplete and insufficient to reimagine the institution of caste both socially and politically. The dialectics of caste as sociological concept require clarity so as to enable it to dissect the political functioning of the same.
(wl 1133)-MT, Mammootty, and Malayalam: Looking Back at Modernity
Authors: Afeef Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Through their writing and speaking, MT Vasudevan Nair and Mammootty extended the horizons of Malayalam.
TECNOLOGIAS LEVES E O BOM ATENDIMENTO PRESTADO PELOS ENFERMEIROS DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Figueiredo Rocha Lucas Henrique , Schmidt Moura Claudia , Nunes da Bruz Aliny , De Aguiar Alves Luana , Soares de Souza Mariany , Vieira Silva Ítalo Renan , Botelho Lessa Isadora Maria , Oliveira de Arruda Vitória Andressa , Borges Rodrigues Iany Eduarda , Da Rocha Teiche Leandra Vitória , Prestes Polliany Aparecida , De Miranda Pinto Julia Alves , Fernandes Pereira Helena Isaura , Andrade Vasconcelos Rosane Maria , Teshima de Alencar Rafael
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o conhecimento produzido na literatura sobre as tecnologias leves e sua contribuição para o bom atendimento pelos enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada em seis etapas, incluindo a formulação da questão norteadora por meio da estratégia PICO e a definição de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foram utilizados artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2024, disponíveis nas bases de dados SciELo, LILACS e BDENF, selecionados por meio do software Rayyan e analisados com o fluxograma PRISMA. Os dados foram interpretados à luz do conhecimento científico existente. A amostra foi composta por nove artigos. Os achados enfatizam a importância do acolhimento, humanização, empatia e vínculo no cuidado, promovendo adesão ao tratamento e melhora na saúde. Contudo, desafios como infraestrutura inadequada e falta de capacitação foram identificados, sugerindo lacunas a serem preenchidas. As tecnologias leves contribuem significativamente para o cuidado de enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde, destacando-se como ferramenta valiosa para práticas humanizadas. Entretanto, esforços adicionais são necessários para superar limitações e aprimorar sua implementação.
A carta aos Romanos e a sua relevância para o testemunho da Igreja contemporânea
Authors: Martins Joelson Erbert , Schell Vitor Hugo , Wachholz Wilhelm
Published: February 2025

A carta de Paulo aos Romanos aborda diversos temas considerados fundamentais para a teologia, servindo de referência para o desenvolvimento e consolidação de boa parte da dogmática cristã. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relevância e a influência histórica e teológica da carta aos Romanos para a tradição cristã, pontuando temas fundamentais da carta para a teologia e a atuação da Igreja contemporânea. A abordagem foi desenvolvida com base na consulta de documentos, livros e artigos de pessoas teólogas e comentaristas bíblicos  com contribuições importantes para a proposta da pesquisa como Martinho Lutero, Klaus Haacker, James D. G. Dunn, John Stott, Ricardo W. Rieth, Konrad Schmid e Jens Schröter, entre outras pessoas que se dedicaram ao estudo da carta ou trabalharam aspectos históricos e teológicos relevantes, servindo como referência para a elaboração do artigo e que ajudam a destacar aspectos relevantes para a reflexão atual sobre a da carta aos Romanos.
Structure-guided secretome analysis of gall-forming microbes offers insights into effector diversity and evolution
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Soham , Javed Muhammad Asim , Wu Jiaxu , Pérez-López Edel
Published: February 2025

Phytopathogens secrete effector molecules to manipulate host immunity and metabolism. Recent advances in structural genomics have identified fungal effector families whose members adopt similar folds despite sequence divergence, highlighting their importance in virulence and immune evasion. To extend the scope of comparative structure-guided analysis to more evolutionarily distant phytopathogens with similar lifestyles, we used AlphaFold2 to predict the 3D structures of the secretome from selected plasmodiophorid, oomycete, and fungal gall-forming pathogens. Clustering protein folds based on structural homology revealed species-specific expansions and a low abundance of known orphan effector families. We identified novel sequence- unrelated but structurally similar (SUSS) effector clusters, rich in conserved motifs such as ’CCG’ and ’RAYH’. We demonstrate that these motifs likely play a central role in maintaining the overall fold. We also identified a SUSS cluster adopting a nucleoside hydrolase-like fold conserved among various gall-forming microbes. Notably, ankyrin proteins were significantly expanded in gall-forming plasmodiophorids, with most being highly expressed during clubroot disease, suggesting a role in pathogenicity. Altogether, this study advances our understanding of secretome landscapes in gall-forming microbes and provides a valuable resource for broadening structural phylogenomic studies across diverse phytopathogens.
Leptospirosis with a Rare Presentation Section of Acute Multiple Cerebral Infarcts: A Case Report
Authors: Kurup Reshmi R , Ramya TJ , Devi M Rama , Revathi M , Kumar C Ramesh
Published: February 2025

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that can manifest as an asymptomatic infection or as a fulminant, fatal illness. According to published literature, neurological manifestations can be observed in 10-15% of cases. Here is a case of a 65-year-old female patient who presented with a history of fever lasting six days, followed by seizures and loss of consciousness. Leptospira IgM was found to be positive, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain showed multiple acute cerebral infarcts. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics, antiepileptics and other symptomatic treatments. During her hospital stay, the patient improved symptomatically. Neurological manifestations of leptospirosis may result from immune-mediated reactions, leading to cerebral arteritis. This makes it a potential differential diagnosis for fever with acute cerebrovascular accidents in tropical and endemic regions.
Insights into Management of Smooth Muscle Tumours with Uncertain Malignant Potential: A Case Series
Authors: Chugh Amey , Patel Janvi , Vadithala Varshini , Gupta Prashansa
Published: February 2025

Smooth Muscle Tumours with Uncertain Malignant Potential (STUMPs) represent a rare and diagnostically challenging category within uterine neoplasms. These tumours exhibit biological features similar to both benign leiomyomas and malignant leiomyosarcomas, complicating diagnosis and management. STUMPs are characterised by their potential for unpredictable clinical behaviour, including local recurrence and, in rare cases, metastasis, necessitating careful postoperative monitoring. Classifying uterine mesenchymal tumours is difficult due to significant overlap with terms such as atypical leiomyoma, atypical leiomyoma with low risk of recurrence, and atypical leiomyoma with low malignant potential. Despite their infrequent occurrence, STUMPs have garnered increasing attention due to their ambiguous nature and the clinical implications they pose. Diagnostic criteria and management strategies for STUMPs remain areas of active research and debate within gynaecological pathology and oncology. The present case series was aimed to contribute to the existing body of literature by presenting three cases of female patients (aged 38-year-old, 34-yearold and 47-year-old) of large uterine leiomyomas that were later diagnosed as STUMPs postoperatively following hysterectomy. Each case underscores the complexities involved in diagnosing and managing these tumours, emphasising the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and long-term follow-up in optimising patient outcomes.
The Reconstruction of Tympanic Membrane Perforations using Various Biomaterials: A Narrative Review
Authors: Deshmukh Prasad Trimbakrao , Khan Farhat Qamruddin , Gaurkar Sagar Shankarrao
Published: February 2025

Tympanic Membrane Perforations (TMP), resulting from trauma or infections, can result in auditory impairment and recurring infections. Conventional surgical techniques, such as tympanoplasty, employ autologous grafts such fascia and cartilage; however, these approaches can be invasive, result in scarring and are subject to limitations including graft rejection and increased costs. Biomaterials such as Hyaluronic Acid (HA), collagen and gelatin sponges are being explored for Tympanic Membrane (TM) repair to resolve these issues. HA, recognised for its function in tissue regeneration, has demonstrated efficacy in facilitating TM healing by cell proliferation and revascularisation. Techniques such as HA fat graft myringoplasty have attained success rates of up to 92.7%. Collagen, another crucial biomaterial, promotes fibroblast proliferation and aids in the restoration of the TM’s fibrous layer. Repairs utilising collagen have exhibited success rates between 66.7% and 92%, contingent upon the extent of the perforation. Gelatin sponges, commonly utilised as scaffolds in the healing process, offer structural support and mitigate inflammation. These biomaterials have substantial advantages, including diminished surgical complications, expedited healing period and minimised scarring, rendering them advantageous substitutes for conventional grafts. Biomaterials are particularly advantageous in situations where autologous tissue grafting is impractical, offering effective and novel techniques for TM restoration. The review discusses advancements in the treatment of TMPs employing biomaterials.
Influence of Acacia senegal (L.) Wild Density on Soil Fertility in the Western Sahel of Mali (Nioro)
Authors: Traoré Fatoumata Sito , Kanambaye Boureïma , Issa Massoudou , Idrissa Soumana , Koné Abdoul Kader , Diawara Mamadou Oumar , Karembé Moussa
Published: February 2025

Acacia senegal (L.) Wild colonizes the Western Sahel of Mali. This agroforestry species plays an important role in the socio-economic life of local populations. The density of this species has declined sharply recently because of climate change and anthropogenic factors. However, the influence of this density on soil fertility has been documented in very few studies in Mali. This study reports the influence of the density of natural Acacia senegal stands on soil fertility. Three municipalities of the region (Gadiaba, Nioro, and Korokodjo) were selected for the study. At each site, three plots of 2500 m2 each were marked out. The Acacia woody stand within each plot was measured (basal circumference, total height, and circumference total height and circumference at 1.30 m). These measurements were preceded by an exhaustive inventory of the woody plants. Juvenile plants with a circumference of 10 cm were systematically counted and considered as regeneration. In parallel with these measurements, soil samples were taken from the tops and undersides of four-foot trees at the ends and centers of the plots. A 500 g composite sample was taken from these samples. These samples were sent to the Sotuba soil-water-plant laboratory for particle size and chemical analysis. Natural stands are very dense in Gadiaba, with an average of 690 plants/ha, medium density in Nioro, with 430 plants/ha, and very low density in Korokodjo, with 120 plants/ha. The natural stands in the study area are characterized by small, medium-diameter trees. At Gadiaba, the soil is sandy-loamy, while at Nioro and Korokodjo, the proportion of sand dominates at over 90%. The soils were all deficient in organic carbon, nitrogen, and assimilable phosphorus. Comparison of the magnesium content, sand, and silt proportions between the sites studied showed highly significant differences (p ˂ 0.001). The C/N ratios and phosphorus levels were not significantly different between the three sites. The C/N ratio is 4.55% at Gadiaba, 5.95% at Korokodjo and 3.36% at Nioro du Sahel. Phosphorus levels were 3.79% in Gadiaba, 1.73% in Korokodjo, and only 0.21% in Nioro du Sahel. For other mineral elements and pH, however, the differences are significant at the critical threshold of 5%. Therefore, it is important to identify suitable management methods for these resources.
Sex Differences in Systolic Heart Failure in Patients with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Intervention
Authors: Zahid Basant , Azm Tarek H. Abou-El , Zaghloul Hamed G. , Elnagar Amro
Published: February 2025

Aims: Sex differences refer to the biological and physiological variations in the cardiovascular system that arise from distinct gene expressions associated with sex chromosomes. Notable and well-documented sex differences in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) indicate that women tend to be elderly and present with a more significant number of comorbidities in comparison to men. The aim is to investigate sex-specific differences in systolic heart failure (SHF) among patients with acute STEMI who are undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study also included a follow-up period of three months to assess the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and to conduct a conventional echocardiographic evaluation.
Study Design: This investigation is a prospective cohort study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, AlQalyubia, Egypt, between October 2023 and October 2024.
Methods: We included 116 adult patients with SHF following STEMI undergoing primary PCI. The subjects were divided into two equal groups: male (58 cases) and female (58 cases).
Results: Females exhibited significantly higher NT-proBNP levels and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) than males (P<0.001, P=0.02, respectively). Readmission with acute heart failure (AHF) at three months was significantly increased in females compared to males (P => 0.001). Cardiovascular death and AHF at three months were significantly higher in females compared to males (P = 0.031). Females showed significantly higher MACE compared to males (P= 0.016).
Conclusions: Female patients with SHF following STEMI who undergo primary PCI have a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality within the first three months compared to males. The observed difference in mortality suggests that female patients may require different clinical approaches and closer follow-up to improve outcomes.
Evaluation of In vitro Antioxidant Potential of Hydromethanolic Bark Extract of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. Bark Extract
Authors: Singh Himani , Ambwani Sonu , Ambwani Tanuj Kumar
Published: February 2025

The qualitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity of the hydromethanolic bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (TAE) was investigated to understand its pharmacological and medicinal importance using various in vitro antioxidant assays, including total antioxidant capacity and reducing power. The bark of Terminalia arjuna was collected from the Medicinal Plants Research and Development Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India and authenticated. Qualitative biochemical analysis showed the presence of numerous phytochemicals in TAE. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using standard antioxidants like ascorbic acid for comparison. The extract consistently exhibited strong antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The hydromethanolic bark extract of Terminalia arjuna showed notable total antioxidant capacity of 133.04 mg ascorbic acid equivalents per g of extract. The reducing power increased progressively with concentration, ranging from 0.045 at 20 μg/mL to 0.355 at 200 μg/mL. These findings support the potential of bioactive compounds for developing safe and cost-effective herbal treatments and thus could prevent many radical-related ailments. Further investigation may also promote environmentally sustainable practices.
Cotton and Soybean Based Risk Resilient Intercropping Systems for Rainfed Black Soils of Akola District of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Mali R.S. , Chorey A.B. , Patode R.S. , Ganvir M.M. , Fukat P.H. , Tupe A.R. , Morey S.T. , Gabhane V.V. , Pandagale V.P.
Published: February 2025

The National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture Project (NICRA) of AICRP for Dryland Agriculture, Dr. PDKV, Akola is implemented with study to analyze and popularize risk resilient rainfed intercropping systems in black soils of Akola district to mitigate climate vulnerability. Keeping this point in view, the assessment studies on different intercropping systems along with their respective sole crops were implemented as technology demonstrations in a participatory demonstration and action research mode with active participation of farmers in Warkhed and Kajleshwar village of Barshitakli Taluka of Akola district of Maharashtra during the year 2021-22 to 2023-24 as a part of the study. The intercropping system of soybean + pigeonpea (4:2) has given significantly higher soybean equivalent yield (2040 kg ha-1), net monetary returns (Rs.80891/- ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.65). Soybean + piegeonpea (6:1) also significantly enhance the soybean equivalent yield which was 1829 kg ha-1 and B:C ratio of 3.03 which was higher than sole soybean i.e 1415 kg ha-1 with B:C ratio of 2.59. Cotton + greengram (1:1) recorded higher cotton equivalent yield (2116 Kg ha-1), net monetary returns (Rs.95399/- ha-1), B:C ratio (2.82) and rainwater use efficiency (2.58) over sole cotton which has recorded yield of 1645 Kg ha-1, net monetary returns (Rs.74035/- ha-1), B:C ratio (2.57) and rainwater use efficiency (2.03). In Akola district of Maharashtra soybean + pigeonpea (4:2) and cotton + greengram (1:1) were identified as the best risk resilient intercropping systems that would help provide sustainable crop production in rainfed regions.
Failure of Bcl‐2 to block cytochrome c redistribution during TRAIL‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Keogh Sinead A. , Walczak Henning , Bouchier-Hayes Lisa , Martin Seamus J.
Published: July 2002

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF family of cytokines that promotes apoptosis and NF‐κB activation. Here we show that recombinant hu‐TRAIL initiates the activation of multiple caspases, the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, the cleavage of BID and the redistribution of mitochondrial cytochrome c. However, whereas Bcl‐2 efficiently blocked UV radiation‐induced cytochrome c release and consequent apoptosis of CEM cells, it failed to do either in the context of TRAIL treatment. Thus, TRAIL engages a death pathway that is at least partially routed via the mitochondria, but in contrast with other stimuli that engage this pathway, TRAIL‐induced cytochrome c release is not regulated by Bcl‐2.
Insertion of the full‐length calcium channel α1S subunit into triads of skeletal muscle in vitro
Authors: Flucher Bernhard E , Kasielke Nicole , Gerster Uli , Neuhuber Birgit , Grabner Manfred
Published: July 2002

A full‐length and a C‐terminally truncated form of the calcium channel α1S subunit can be isolated from skeletal muscle. Here we studied whether full‐length α1S is functionally incorporated into the skeletal muscle excitation‐contraction coupling apparatus. A fusion protein of α1S with the green fluorescent protein attached to its C‐terminus (α1S‐GFP) or α1S and GFP separately (α1S+GFP) were expressed in dysgenic myotubes, which lack endogenous α1S. Full‐length α1S‐GFP was targeted into triad junctions and restored calcium currents and excitation‐contraction coupling. GFP remained colocalized with α1S, indicating that intact α1S‐GFP was inserted into triads and that the C‐terminus remained associated with the excitation‐contraction coupling apparatus.