bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of watching autonomous sensory meridian response (AMR) video to heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate in students of Architectural Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Idayati Ratna , Sufani Liesa , Syahputra Dian Adi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Vital signs are important physiological signs of the body. Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is an experience of calm and tingles, a tingling sensation like electricity radiating from the head and neck, which affects the autonomic nervous system. This study aims to determine heart rate changes, blood pressure, and respiratory rate before and after watching the ASMR video.Methods: Double-blind pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 30 students who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All samples were asked to rest for 30 minutes before treatment and then watch the ASMR video for 3 minutes. Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate data were calculated before and after treatment. The data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon test.Results: Vital sign data of all samples before treatment were obtained within normal limits. After watching the ASMR video, the results of data analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed that there were significant differences in heart rate (p = 0.013), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.026), and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.00) after watching the ASMR video. While the p-value on the respiratory rate data is 0.349 which means there is no significant difference in the respiratory rate after watching the ASMR video.Conclusion: In this study, evidence has been obtained that watching ASMR videos can reduce heart rate and blood pressure. However, the respiratory rate did not give significant results because several factors. More research is needed to determine the exact effects of watching ASMR videos.
The characteristics of mandibular fractures in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Subyakto Yoarina , Sjamsudin Endang , Adiantoro Seto
Published: February 2022

Background: Mandibular fractures may lead to several complications, including infection, nonunion, malunion, and temporomandibular joint ankylosis. The incidence of mandibular fractures is quite common in maxillofacial trauma. The characteristics of mandible fractures could be different among countries concerning the condition of the population. The etiological differences depend on age, demographic patterns of a country, environmental conditions, social conditions, socioeconomic status and cultural configuration. This study aimed to perceive the characteristic of mandibular fractures among patients attending The Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital during 2017- 2020.Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive study. Samples included medical records of patients with mandibular fractures attending The Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital during January 2017- December 2020. Samples were chosen using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The characteristics of mandibular fracture were based on gender, fracture etiology, mandibular fracture location, and treatment.Results: This study presented that the incidence of mandibular fracture rate was higher in males with 284 cases (82.08%) than females with 62 cases (17.92%) with a ratio of 4.5 to 1. Based on age, mandibular fractures were often found in the adult age group (20-60 years old) with 215 cases (62.14%). The most common etiology was road traffic accidents, with 287 cases (82.95%). Parasymphisis region was the most common site of mandibular fracture with 94 cases (25.26%).  Most treatments performed were open reduction internal fixation with 199 cases (57.51%).Conclusion: Mandibular fracture characteristics vary considerably among different study populations depending on demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status. The most frequent mandibular fracture site in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung was the parasymphisis region in a young adult age group.
Does NAFLD Fibrosis Score predict mortality risk among MAFLD patients?: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rahadini Adinda Ayu Dyah , Rahadina Adinda
Published: February 2022

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is a prevalent liver disease affecting 1 million people and projected to be the leading cause of liver transplantation in 2030 due to its progression of liver fibrosis. Several non-invasive scoring systems have been established to predict advanced fibrosis among MAFLD patients, namely NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS). Whether its performance remains useful in determining mortality risk in the MAFLD population is less clear. This study was aimed to assess the usefulness of NFS to predict mortality risk among MAFLD patients.Method: A systematic search was conducted on Pubmed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect from inception to February 28, 2021. All studies that met the inclusion criteria investigating MAFLD patients diagnosed with biopsy or non-biopsy were included. Bias risk was assessed using The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The outcome was mortality risk. We used a random-effects model, and data were pooled to determine the risk ratio (RR) and its 95% CI. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3.Result: 9 cohort studies comprising 21,041 MAFLD patients were included. The risk of bias was found to be low. Pooled analysis showed that high NFS (>0.676) was significantly associated with increased mortality (RR=3.14; 95%CI=2.35-4.19; p<0.0; I2=89%). The finding was more prominent in the biopsy-proven MAFLD subgroup (RR=3.75; 95%CI=2.20-6.38; p<0.00).Conclusion: High NFS is associated with an increased risk of death in MAFLD patients.
Prevalence of pregnant women with malaria in Aceh, symptoms and fetomaternal outcome
Authors: Maharani Cut Rika , Yeni Cut Meurah , Ayu Dara Meutia
Published: February 2022

WHO estimates that as many as 300 to 500 million people are infected with malaria each year. There are around 3 million severe malaria cases (complicated malaria) and deaths due to malaria. Other sources revealed that as many as 1.5 million to 2.7 million people die every year, especially children and pregnant women. Malaria is a disease that is emerging and continues to affect the people of Aceh. Malaria in pregnancy is a serious problem considering its effects on the mother and fetus, which can increase maternal and neonatal mortality rates if not treated quickly and accurately. Prevention of malaria in pregnancy can be started early through ANC visits by providing health education about malaria prevention and prophylactic treatment for those living in endemic areas. The purpose of this review is to discuss the classification of the Aceh Province according to the level of susceptibility to malaria was based on the API value criteria, to discuss prompt treatment of malaria will improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Amenorrhea in women with breast cancer who received chemotherapy: a case report
Authors: Rajuddin Rajuddin , Moulina Derevie Hendryan , Putri Tengku Chairannisa
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in premenopause age, has a better outcome now. Increasing early detection rates and the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy treatments are factors that influence the prognosis dan survival rate. However, adjuvant chemotherapy treatment can lead to ovarian dysfunction resulting in decreased quality of life.Case: A-29-year-old woman with breast cancer received a chemotherapy regimen of Docetaxel, Doxorubicin, and Cyclophosphamide for six cycles and had no menstrual bleeding (amenorrhoea) after chemotherapy finished. Physical examination, gynecology, and ultrasound showed no abnormalities. However, the Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) immunoserology laboratory test showed shallow results.Conclusion: The gonad toxicity effects of chemotherapy on breast cancer can cause premature ovarian failure, which can manifest as oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, or known as chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA), which can lead to induction of premature menopause or chemotherapy-induced menopause (CIM).
Anxiety to COVID-19 pandemic amongst university students is related with gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Abubakar Azzaki , Ma'ruf Muhammad Fadhlan , Mizfaruddin Muhammad , Yusuf Fauzi , Maghfirah Desi , Muhsin Muhsin
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread throughout the world, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the respiratory system. The emergence and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have caused confusion, anxiety and fear among the community, including university students. Anxiety to the COVID-19 pandemic causes various psychological manifestations, including fear of disease transmission, loss of loved ones, and decline in future socio-economic aspects. Anxiety can also lead to physical responses like gastrointestinal symptoms. This study aimed to determine the relationship between anxiety to COVID-19 pandemic and gastrointestinal symptoms complained by university students.Methods: This observational analytic study using cross-sectional approaches involved 311 university students of Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Anxiety to COVID-19 pandemic was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale questionnaire, while gastrointestinal symptoms were measured using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire.Result: Of the 311 respondents, 157 (50.5%) of them felt anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic, with 28 (9%) and 13 (4.2%) students experienced severe and very severe anxiety, respectively. Besides, 264 (84.9%) university students complained of gastrointestinal symptoms, both upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts. There was a significant relationship between the level of anxiety to COVID-19 pandemic and gastrointestinal symptoms.Conclusion: In conclusion, anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic can cause gastrointestinal symptoms amongst university students. Therefore psychological assistance is needed to reduce psychological and physical disorders during the pandemic.
Hypomagnesemia induced by proton pump inhibitor in peptic ulcer is time duration-dependent
Authors: Yusuf Fauzi , Abubakar Azzaki , Maghfirah Desi , Purba Karolina , Muhsin Muhsin
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors are drug types frequently used for peptic ulcers and often prescribed with or without indication. Long-term use of PPIs (more than three months) can cause several adverse effects, including hypomagnesemia, a reduced serum magnesium level of less than 1.7 mg/dl.Methods: This cross sectional study analyzed peptic ulcer outpatients who underwent endoscopy at Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh, Indonesia and administrated with PPIs for more than three months. The duration of PPIs was determined using direct interview methods and serum magnesium levels obtained from consecutive respondents.Results: The majority of 42 peptic ulcer patients were female, with the mean age at 49.9 years old. The average time duration of using PPIs was 8.4 months and the mean serum magnesium level was in the normal range at 2.02 mg/dl. There was a significantly reduced serum magnesium level over time that negatively correlated with the duration of PPIs use.Conclusion: There was a statistically significant negative correlation between serum magnesium level with the duration of PPIs use. After chronic use (for instance after one year), stopping PPIs can reduce the possibility of severe adverse effects of using a long duration of PPIs, including hypomagnesemia.
Adherence to face mask and social distancing among residents in Medan during the COVID-19 pandemics
Authors: Siahaan Andre Marolop Pangihutan , Lubis Muara Panusunan , Dalimunthe Dina Arwina , Nasution Malayana Rahmita , Lubis Hilma P. Rahmita
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Face mask is mandatory during the Covid-19 Pandemics as personal protection and limits the virus transmission in the community. The government of Indonesia has issued regulations regarding face masks and social distancing in the community. Due to that, it is important to explore the adherence to face masks and social distancing. This study aimed to assess communities' adherence to face masks and social distancing and the associated factors in Medan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Medan, Indonesia, in November 2020. A total of 572 residents were enrolled using a convenience - multistage sampling method from public spaces. Data were collected using direct observation.Results: Most subjects were women (55.1%) from the adults' age group (61.9%). Only 34.3% of the subjects wore face masks properly, and only 10.6% maintained social distancing. The most common face mask used was a cloth mask (25.8%). Women and older age tended to use face mask compared. The prevalence of face mask use is significantly higher with strict regulation and control (p=0.0001). We also found a correlation between the type of face mask and adherence (p=0.0001).Conclusions: We found that the adherence to face masks and social distancing was low in Medan. Therefore, it is very important to initiate interventions to foster face mask adherence in a community in Medan.
Ovarian cancer with the metastatic deposit in the cervix as rare case: a case report and literature review
Authors: Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , Sarjani Sarjani
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Although ovarian cancer incidence is lower than the cases of cancer of the uterine cervix and endometrial, the incidence of ovarian cancer is high. The mortality rate is highest among all gynecological malignancies. The patients often come for treatment at an advanced stage that has spread to the pelvis, especially to the organs such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and sigmoid colon through the passive spread and different hematogenous routes. This study aimed to review malignant disease in gynecologic oncology, supporting examinations and management.Case Report: A woman, 52 years old, presented with abdominal pain one month before entering the hospital. She complained about difficulty urinating, not having a smooth bowel movement. From ultrasound examination showed an intra-abdominal mass measuring 14.3 cm x 11.2 cm x 11.1 cm, and the origin of the mass remains unclear. From contrast, pelvic CT scan showed a solid mass had spread to the uterine cervix, vagina and spread to the uterine body, infiltrated to the bladder, attached to the rectum part without intestinal obstruction, with a mass size of 7.7 cm x 7.1 cm x 16.6 cm. The procedure for this patient was an abdominal hysterectomy of total and salpingo-oophorectomy of both ovaries. The histopathology result was serious ovary adenocarcinoma.Conclusion: The spreading of ovarian cancer is a mechanism that involves the interaction of many things, such as cancer cells from the primary tumor, which spread to the peritoneal cavity or spread hematogenously or lymphatically and enter the omentum. In this case, we had metastasis of ovarian cancer with cervical adhesions and a suspected mass in the sigmoid colon on intraoperative findings. With increasing knowledge about ovarian cancer, ovarian cancer pathogenesis, and metastases can be found and developed to treat disease and prevent spread.
Analysis of sea bidara leaf (Ziziphus mauritiana) ethanol extract biorespon on hydrophobicity and phospholipase of Streptococcus pyogenes cell surface in tonsillitis isolate
Authors: Kurnia Benny , Lily Setiani , Suharno R. Ega
Published: February 2022

Background: Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the palatine tonsil that is often found in otorhinolaryngology and is one of the world's socio-economic health problems. Streptococcus pyogenes is the most common bacterial cause of tonsillitis, with hydrophobicity and phospholipase activity on the cell surface that has a major effect on tonsillitis pathogenicity. Ethanol extract of the leaves of sea bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana) has an antibacterial impact containing neophytadiene, hexadecanoic acid, linolenic acid, octadecanoic acid, squalene, and vitamin E.Objective: To determine the ability of sea bidara leaf (Ziziphus mauritiana) ethanol extract inhibiting the hydrophobicity and phospholipase activity of the Streptococcus pyogenes cell surface in tonsillitis isolate. Methods: Laboratory experimental design with a post-test-only control group.Result: Ethanol extract of Ziziphus mauritiana leaf could inhibit the surface hydrophobicity activity of Streptococcus pyogenes cell with different quantity and quality at each concentration and incubation time. Analysis of independent T test (p>0.05;0.965) and (p>0.05;0.683) proved that there was no significant difference in incubation time inhibiting hydrophobicity and phospholipase activity of Streptococcus pyogenes cell surface. Kruskal-Wallis analysis (p>0.05;0.689) and (p>0.05;0.162) proved that there was no significant difference in inhibiting the hydrophobicity and phospholipase activity of Streptococcus pyogenes cell surface.Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Ziziphus mauritiana leaf can inhibit the hydrophobicity and phospholipase activity of Streptococcus pyogenes cell surface in isolate tonsillitis.
The prevalence of parasitic gastrointestinal infection and hygiene knowledge in elementary school children in Boyolali district
Authors: Wijayanti Lilik , Sari Yulia , Marufah Siti , Listyaningsih S Endang , Haryati Sri
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Currently, the integrated data regarding the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in Central Java is still lacking particularly, the Simo district which considered to have the second lowest percentage of clean and healthy living habits (60.25%) in Boyolali Regency. Therefore, an estimation of the prevalence of intestinal protozoan and helminth infections are crucial in order to formulate a proper community intervention especially in elementary school children in Boyolali.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using total sampling method and involving first to sixth-grade elementary schoolchildren. Stool specimens were examined using direct, modified Ziehl–Neelsen and Kato staining methods. All of the data were compiled and analyzed using chi square test.Results: Among 127 participants, 17 students (13.58%) were infected with intestinal protozoans and 13 students (10.24%) were infected with helminth. The age ranged from 6 to 14 years old. The most frequent protozoan parasite detected was B. hominis (11.80%) while the most frequent helminth detected was A. lumbricoides (5.51%).Conclusion : In conclusion, there was a considerable helminth and protozoa infection among students in Simo region. Further and wider studies are needed to confirm these findings.
The dermoscopic features of facial aging among diverse ethnicity in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Muslim Medina , Jusuf Nelva Karmila , Putra Imam Budi
Published: February 2022

Background: Aging is an inevitable process, and skin is the body organ that most demonstrates this process. Skin aging occurs due to two continuous processes, which are intrinsic and extrinsic. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive technique that allows physicians to rapidly observe skin aging in vivo and visualize the morphological structures that are invisible to the naked eyes. Dermoscopic features of facial aging might differ in various ethnic groups. Medan is a multi-ethnic city; thus might show facial skin aging differently. This study investigated the dermoscopic features of facial aging among various ethnic groups in Medan, Indonesia.Methods: This descriptive study was a cross-sectional study design with 164 subjects from 10 ethnicities in Medan. Subjects were sampled based on ethnic group by quota sampling technique with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each subject was evaluated for dermatological history and physical examination. The assessment of facial aging is based on the Dermoscopy Photoaging Scale (DPAS) using 11 criteria. The data then processed in the SPSS program ver 23 then presented in descriptive with percentages. Results: Most of the subjects were Javanese ethnic (30.5%). The age group 30 - 39 years old has the highest frequency (59.1%). Most of them were in married status (87.2%). DPAS criteria showed yellowish discoloration (97.0%), ephelids/lentigo (96.3%), and superficial wrinkle (96.3%0 were the three most dermoscopic features. Each ethnic has its dominant dermoscopic features and various with the others ethnic.Conclusion: Yellowish discoloration, ephelid/lentigo, telangiectasis and superficial wrinkles were the dominant dermoscopy features. Meanwhile, yellow papules, actinic keratoses and criss-cross wrinkles were rarely observed, and senile comedones were not found in this study.
Gaucher's disease in a 4-year-old child at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Nabu Ekarini Katharina Yunarti , Mahartini Ni Nyoman , Wirawati Ida Ayu Putri , Herawati Sianny , Pardosi Betti Bettavia Hartama , Krisnawati Ni Komang , Prawita Anak Agung Ayu Lydia , Prabawa I Putu Yuda
Published: February 2022

Background: Gaucher's disease is a rare Lysosomal Storage Disorder (LSD) caused by the accumulation of glucosylceramide/glucocerebroside. There are several types of Gaucher, such as non-neuronopathic, infantile-onset neuronopathic and juvenile-onset neuronopathic. This case study aims to evaluate Gaucher's disease in a 4-year-old child at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.Case Presentation: A 4-years-old child is admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of enlargement in the stomach. There is no pain in the bone as well as no sign of bleeding. The patient's parents are blood relatives. On physical examination, hepatosplenomegaly was found, a decreased level of hemoglobin and thrombocytes was also found in the hematology examination. There was an increase of level ferritin, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), globulin, and triglycerides from chemistry evaluation, also decreasing level total cholesterol. From bone marrow aspiration was found an increase of activity of the megakaryocyte and Gaucher's cell. The result from enzyme examination found a decrease of activity enzyme ?-glucosidase. Suggestion to this patient is Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT).Conclusion: Gaucher's disease is a rare case and difficult to diagnose. A biochemistry examination using the enzyme -glucosidase is necessarily needed as well as a suggestion of ERT.
Correlation between the mobility of the above cage and the below thorax cage toward the elderly lung vital capacity
Authors: Parwata I Made Yoga , Nyandra Made , Yoda I Ketut , Suputra Putu Adi , Wijaya I Putu Darma , Kharismawan Putu Mulya , Suryawan Adi , Dei Agustinus
Published: February 2022

Background: The elderly will experience changes and decreases in all their body systems; one of them is the respiratory system. The changes that occur are a decrease in respiratory muscle mass and tone, which will affect the reduction of thorax expansion. This can be observed in the elderly lung's vital capacity. This study aims to find out the correlation between the mobility of the thorax cage and the lung's vital capacity.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 20 elderlies consists of 10 males and 10 females. Measurements use the midline to measure the mobility of the thorax cage and a spirometer to measure the capacity of lungs vital. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: The research data were normally distributed based on the results of the Shapiro Wilk test. The respondents have an average age of 68.40±5.78 years old, followed by upper expansion of lung (86.25±7.51 cm), lower expansion of lung (79.20±7.24 cm), and lung vital capacity (1.18±4.17 L). Based on the multiple correlation test, it was found that there was a strong positive significant correlation (r=0.784; p= 0.000) between upper and lower thorax cage mobility on the elderly lung vital capacity.Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between upper and lower thorax cage mobility on the elderly lung vital capacity.
The role of tele-education in conveying COVID-19 patient's death to family members
Authors: Kristanto Erwin Gidion , Sugiharto Ade Firmansyah , Nurkolis Fahrul
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Deaths due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Indonesia continue to increase each day. Limiting patient contact with family and health workers directly in the inpatient room can raise suspicion and complaints from the patient's family being treated. The risk of medical disputes can also arise due to the limited fulfillment of obtaining information from the patient or family. This study aims to highlight the role of hospital-assisted Tele-education in conveying information to family members regarding the death of their loved ones.Methods: This study is a descriptive quantitative study by taking secondary data from medical records and quality committee data in hospitals to compare patient complaints that arise before and after hospital tele-education policy in COVID-19 cases at Prof.dr.R.D Kandou hospital. Results: Tele-education implementation appears to increase. From 14.43% in the first month of implementation to 80.46%, after the policy was set at the end of the 6th month. The number of complaints related to patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 before the use of virtual education in the patient's family was 18.26%, and in cases where patients died, family complaints before the use of virtual education had a mean of 39.1%. After implementing the policy, the complaint rate for patients being treated fell to an average of 5.06%, and in deceased cases, the complaint rate decreased to an average of 8.95%. Conclusion: The number of cases that using virtual education increased each month, and the peak was in December 2020; meanwhile the lowest percentage was in July 2020. The use of virtual media in delivering family information and education reduces the barriers that are formed due to hospitalization in isolation rooms.
Comparison of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Lymphocyte to Monocyte Ratio (LMR) values in controlled and uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patient
Authors: Adnyani Putu Yudi , Mahartini Ni Nyoman , Herawati Sianny , Mulyantari Ni Kadek , Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi
Published: February 2022

Background: Inflammation is related to insulin resistance. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Lymphocyte to Monocyte Ratio (LMR) are used as inflammation markers and predictors of complications associated with diabetes. This study aims to determine the differences of NLR and LMR values in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted in this study at Sanglah General Hospital. Research data were taken from the Laboratory Information System (LIS) and medical records. NLR is obtained from the absolute neutrophils divided by absolute lymphocytes, LMR is obtained from absolute lymphocytes divided by absolute monocytes. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 for Windows.Results: Type 2 diabetes mellitus mainly was male (58.3%) with the highest proportion at the age of 46-55 years (50.0%). The mean leukocyte count was significantly higher in the uncontrolled group (8.45±1.58 cells/µL) (p<0.05). NLR showed a significant difference in the two groups (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in LMR between groups (p>0.05)Conclusion: NLR in uncontrolled type 2 DM was significantly higher than in controlled type 2 DM. Meanwhile, the LMR did not show a significant difference between the two groups.
The effectiveness of length of disinfection on Pandanus conoideus Lam’s extract in polyvinyl siloxane impression
Authors: Purbasari I Gusti Ayu Kade Ira , Rikmasari Rasmi , Kusumadewi An-Nissa
Published: February 2022

Background: Polyvinyl siloxane has been used by prosthodontists as the impression material for its acceptable dimension stability. Polyvinyl siloxane impression with blood and saliva on it contains bacteria colonization. It has to be disinfected by a disinfectant solution to avoid cross-transmission from patients to the dentist, assistant, and laboratory technician. Nowadays, herbal plant like red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) is utilized as natural disinfection material. Aim: This study examines the effectiveness of length of disinfection on Pandanus conoideus Lam in polyvinyl siloxane impression. Method: Thisstudyinvolved four groups (twenty-four teeth impressions) of participants from the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran. The first group was disinfected by Pandanus conoideus Lam’s extract 6% for five minutes, ten minutes for the second group, twelve minutes for the third group, and fifteen minutes for the fourth group.  Each impression was swabbed before and after being disinfected, planted in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI)agar as the media, incubated for twenty-four hours, and the results of bacteria colonization were counted. Data analysis was evaluated applying paired-t-test in each impression.Result: There were significant decreases in bacteria colonization numbers between the data before and after the disinfection. The most significant one was found in ten minutes provocation. Conclusion: Disinfection by Pandanus conoideus Lam’s extract 6% is effective within the range of five to ten minutes and also effective to be used as natural disinfection material for polyvinyl siloxane. The most effective length of disinfection is ten minutes.
Correlation between serum levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23) and parathyroid hormone levels in predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Worung Ivan Master , Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi , Kandarini Yenny , Wande I Nyoman , Wirawati Ida Ayu Putri , Mahartini Ni Nyoman
Published: February 2022

Backgrounds: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an abnormality in the kidney that lasts for more than 3 months. Increased phosphate levels in the blood due to CKD will stimulate the secretion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF-23). Increased secretion of FGF-23 happens to maintain phosphate balance because the capacity of excretion of phosphorus in the kidneys decreases and leads to the incidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism due to Parathyroid Hormone (PTH). This study aims to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of FGF-23 and PTH in predialysis CKD patients.Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach has been conducted in this study from August until October 2020. Analysis of the relationship between serum levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF-23) and intact parathyroid hormone using the Spearman correlation test with a significance level of =0.05. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 for Windows.Results: A total of 75 people consisting of 49 male participants (65.3%) and 26 female participants (34.7%). The normality test showed that the data were not normally distributed (p<0.05), so the Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between FGF-23 and intact PTH. The statistical analysis results showed a low significant positive correlation (r=0.168; p=0.046) between serum levels of FGF-23 and serum levels of intact PTH.Conclusion: There was a low significant positive correlation between FGF-23 and PTH serum levels in predialysis CKD patients.
Prevalence of cutaneous markers in coronary artery disease cases
Authors: Fitrasanti Berlian Isnia , Onggo Andreas , Sugirman Wawan , Ciptawan Beni
Published: February 2022

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) that can cause high mortality may be diagnosed by cutaneous markers such as earlobe crease. Aside from the earlobe crease, other cutaneous markers are suspected of helping detect the existence of CAD. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the prevalence of cutaneous markers in patients with CAD submitted to coronary angiography.Case Report: A study was conducted involving 115 patients who had undergone coronary angiography to confirm the existence of CAD. These patients were examined for the presence of seven cutaneous markers. As a result, a preauricular crease was found in 77% of cases, 67.8% corneal arcus, 47% achocordon, and 45.2% cases of earlobe crease.Conclusion: Preauricular crease was numerous in CAD cases and may be investigated in relationship with CAD.
Lethal concentration of Golden Sea Cucumber killed Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Setianingsih Herin , Miranda Stefani , Tjahjono R. Varidianto Judo , Utami Prawesty Diah
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Diarrhea is still a considerable health problem today, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. One common etiology of diarrhea is Vibrio cholerae, which still causes many problems, such as inappropriate use of antibiotics causes antibiotic resistance. The golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) has antibacterial potential against Vibrio cholera. This study aims to determine the effect and lethal concentration of golden sea cucumber extract on the growth of Vibrio cholerae bacteria.Methods: This research is an experimental laboratory using the post-test-only control group design method. Dilution is conducted, where six groups are consisting of 4 treatment groups and two control groups. The concentration of the treatment group is 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5%, while for positive control using tetracycline and distilled water as a negative control.Results: The results of this study indicate that the extract of golden sea cucumbers can inhibit the growth of Vibrio cholerae bacteria, as evidenced by a dilution test, where the higher the concentration of the golden sea cucumber extract, the more Vibrio cholerae bacteria are inhibited its growth. With a value of p = 0.001. The lethal concentration of golden sea cucumber extract obtained from this study through a dilution test starting from a concentration of 25%.Conclusion: Golden sea cucumber extract (Stichopus hermanii) can inhibit the growth of Vibrio cholerae bacteria through dilution test, regardless of concentration.
The comparison of diagnostic accuracy of risk of malignancy index to IOTA simple rules in diagnosing adnexal masses
Authors: Mongan Suzanna Patricia , Sutandar Yosep , Laihad Bismarck Joel
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is one of the top three deadliest cancer in women and diagnosing this disease still leaves some challenges to overcome. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) to International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) simple rules in adnexal masses.   Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 29 patients diagnosed with ovarian tumors. RMI and IOTA Simple Rules were determined preoperatively and compared with histopathology examination as the gold standard. The accuracy of both methods was analyzed using SPSS.Results: The mean age of the patients in this study was 45 years old. The sensitivity and specificity of RMI were 65% and 55,5%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the IOTA SR were 90% and 55,5%, respectively. The values for the AUC for RMI and IOTA SR are 0.342 and 0.728, respectively. The AUC of the IOTA SR was significantly higher than the RMI (P < 0.005).Conclusions: IOTA SR is a relatively useful diagnostic model in characterizing adnexal masses, while the RMI only performs fairly.
The differences of lactate dehydrogenase and activin A levels among thalassemia major and non-thalassemia
Authors: Gunawan Ryan Alexander , Widyastiti Nyoman Suci , Ariosta Ariosta , Pratiwi Rina , Retnoningrum Dwi , Ngestiningsih Dwi , Nency Yetty Movieta
Published: February 2022

Background: Indonesia is located in the global thalassemia belt region, with major thalassemia prevalence that increase every year. Ineffective erythropoiesis (IE) is a condition that is commonly found in major thalassemia. An increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and Activin A level was found in major thalassemia patient, that is caused by ineffective erythropoiesis (IE) and other factors. However until now, there is still no known studies that compare LDH level and Activin A level in major thalassemia and non-thalassemia. The aim of the study is to evaluate difference between LDH level and Activin A level in major thalassemia and non-thalassemia.Methods: An observational analytical study with cross sectional design was conducted in March – September 2020, which consist of 25 major thalassemia patients in Dr. R. Soedjati Grobogan Public Hospital and Dr. R. Soetrasno Rembang Public Hospital, and 25 healthy population with equivalent age. LDH levels were measured using photometry and Activin A levels were measured using ELISA. Differences between LDH levels and Activin A levels in major thalassemia and non-thalassemia were analyzed using Independent Sample T test, which p < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: There is a significant difference (p=0.00) between LDH levels in major thalassemia (524.48 ± 167.44 U/L) and non-thalassemia (294.48 ± 131.24 U/L). There is a significant difference (p = 0.04) between Activin A levels in major thalassemia (118.75 ± 45.47 pg/ml) and non-thalassemia (95.66 ± 26.26 pg/ml).Conclusion: Hypoxia due to IE and the formation of ROS due to repeated transfusions causes an increase in LDH levels and Activin A levels in thalassemia major patients, indicated by a significant difference between LDH levels and Activin A levels in thalassemia major and non-thalassemia.
Hemorrhagic transformation in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: case reports from Indonesia
Authors: Retnaningsih Retnaningsih , Tugasworo Dodik , Andhitara Yovita , Ardhini Rahmi , Kurnianto Aditya , Bunyamin Jacob , Utami Fatiha Sri , Sogata Ida Ayu , Hairuzaman Hairuzaman
Published: February 2022

Introduction:While initially suggested as a primary respiratory infection, there has been increasing proof that the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) also leads to severe neurological manifestation particularly ischemic stroke. The hypercoagulable state observed in COVID-19 patients is thought to contribute to this phenomenon although the exact pathophysiology is still unclear.Case: We are reporting two cases of hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke in COVID-19 patients. Both patients were women presenting with ischemic stroke and bronchopneumonia due to COVID-19. They both experienced prolonged coagulation studies before sudden neurological deterioration. Evaluation CT scan demonstrated the hemorrhagic transformation of infarction.  It is still unknown whether the coagulation disruption is primarily caused due to viral activity or secondary due to the inflammatory response. Hemorrhagic transformation is a complication of ischemic stroke, particularly in post-thrombolysis patients. However COVID-19 coagulopathy was thought to induce such event in COVID-19 patients presented with ischemic stroke.Conclusion: Although ischemic stroke has been widely reported in COVID-19 patients, there have been a few reports of hemorrhagic transformation events. This may lead to an increased understanding regarding COVID-19 pathophysiology and cerebrovascular disease.
The difference in the effectiveness of warm compress and active stretching exercise in reducing dysmenorrhea pain
Authors: Tianing Ni Wayan , Nugraha Made Hendra Satria , Indrayani Agung Wiwiek , Widyadharma I Putu Eka
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain) usually occurs at the beginning of menstruation, can be sharp, blunt, cyclic or persistent until the end of the menstrual phase and can last for several hours to one day.Objective: This study aims to determine the difference in the effectiveness of warm compresses and active stretching exercises in reducing pain in dysmenorrhoea patients.Method: The design of this study is an experimental method. Pre-test and post-test control group designs were the designs in this study. This study used 20 subjects, divided into two groups, in which the control group (n = 10) received a warm compress while the treatment group (n = 10) received an active stretching exercise. Interventions were given three times a week for four weeks. The sampling technique is simple random sampling. Pain biomarkers were measured by prostaglandin levels, while the pain was measured through a menstrual distress questionnaire (MDQ).Results: The data analysis showed no difference in prostaglandin level in the control or treatment groups. In contrast, the MDQ value shows a significant value for both the control and treatment groups, with a mean value that is more significant in the treatment group.Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that active stretching exercise is more effective at reducing pain than warm compresses in dysmenorrhea.
Type of anemia correlate with ferritin levels in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): a cross sectional study
Authors: Rosita Linda , Jannatin Nurrin , Purwanto Barkah Djaka , Ratnaningsih Tri , Sukorini Usi , Simanjuntak Zulkifli Supranto , Yuantari Rahma
Published: February 2022

Background: Anemia is the most common complication due to CKD. Normocytic normochromic is the most common type of anemia in CKD is, but there is also some microcytic hypochromic. Clinical examination such as erythrocyte indices examination and monitoring serum ferritin levels can help diagnose anemia in CKD. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between erythrocyte indices and ferritin levels in CKD patients in the hemodialysis unit of PKU Hospital Bantul.Methods: This research involved 50 CKD patients at PKU Hospital Bantul. Blood samples were taken to check ferritin levels and erythrocyte indices consisting of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). This study was conducted by cross-sectional study design. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: The average hemoglobin level was 8.46±1.31 g/dL in males and 7.92±0.90 g/dL in females. Most of the hematological profile was predominant in male patients such as in MCV (89.36±6.72 fl), MCH (29.12±2.76 pg), and MCHC (32.95±0.96 g/dL). However, the average ferritin level (352.51±544.74 ng/mL) was predominant in female patients (399.99±680.96 ng/mL). There was a significant correlation between MCH and ferritin levels (r = 0.364; p = 0.009) and MCHC with ferritin levels (r = 0.295; p = 0.038). However, there was no significant correlation between MCV and ferritin levels (r = -0.059, p = 0.683).Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between MCH and MCHC levels with ferritin levels. In addition, the patients had normal MCV, MCH, and MCHC values with normocytic normochromic anemia.
Management of Spinal Cord Injury During COVID-19 Era
Authors: Azharuddin Azharuddin , Novera Diaz
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in March 2020 and has the potential to overload health system, compromise hospital staffs and use up essential hospital supplies. Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI) are classified as patient with disability and has increased morbidity from COVID-19 due to physiological changes from the nature of pathology, subsequently their clinical and social characteristics puts them in high risk of contracting COVID-19. Patients with SCI might present different symptoms of COVID-19 than others. Weakness in thoraco-abdominal and diaphragm muscles might impair cough, reduce lung volumes, and reduce flow rates. Interrupted pathway between hypothalamus and efferent nerves (sympathetic and motoric) might results in temperature dysregulation (poikilothermia) and dysfunction of febrile response. Patients with injuries at higher levels would present with more severe symptoms. The pandemic of COVID-19 further complex the situation of delivering adequate and dignified treatment. Therefore, the main goal is for complete avoidance of infection in this specific population and should be considered with high index of suspicion when mild symptoms of COVID-19 are present. This vulnerable group of patients deserves more attention when presented with extraordinary situations such as pandemics or earthquakes. This overview summarizes the symptom and pathophysiology of SCI in COVID-19 pandemic.
Short-Term effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on anatomical & biochemical parameters in morbidly obese Iraqi Patients
Authors: Laibee Ahmed Riyad , Akkila Sameh S. , Khamees Nibras , Eleiwe Samia A.
Published: February 2022

Background: Osteoporosis Background: With the worldwide and national increased prevalence of obesity and high failure rates of conventional methods of treatment, bariatric surgeries (especially laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy) offer a safe and rapid therapeutic way for correction of obesity and its numerous related clinical complications.
Aim: The current study examined the short-term effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on anatomical & biochemical markers in morbidly obese patients and investigated whether or not there was gender difference in the changes of these markers.Patients and methods: 65 morbidly obese (BMI≥40) patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were enrolled. Pre-operative & 4-week-post-operative assessment of anatomical parameters included body weight, height & calculation of body mass index (BMI). Similar biochemical assessment included lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), Hemoglobin, renal function tests and liver enzymes.
Results: Patients of both sexes showed statistically significant reduction of body weight, BMI, FBS and improved serum levels of lipid profiles, renal function tests and liver enzymes. Many pre-operative abnormally high-level percentages were normalized or markedly decreased, with no statistically significant difference between males and females except for ALT changes.
Discussion: Sleeve gastrectomy is very effective in improving body weight, BMI and lipid profiles by altering the anatomy and physiology of the stomach towards less food consumption, and also damping the secretion of hunger-stimulating hormones. The BMI reduction improves insulin sensitivity and FBS levels. Better glycemic & blood pressure control improve renal function, while improving HDL levels reduces liver steatosis and improves serum liver enzyme levels. The main disadvantage is reduced hemoglobin level due to macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies.
Conclusion: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy provides a permanent safe therapeutic choice for morbid obesity. The presence of vitamin and nutritional deficiencies after surgery is a common disadvantage mandating adequate pre-operative correction of the deficiencies, adequate post-operative supplementation and regular long follow-up.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs): a review article
Authors: Pramana Ida Bagus Putra , Oka Anak Agung Gde , Astawa I Nyoman Mantik , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Stem Cells (SC) are cells having characteristic features of self-renewal and plasticity that can differentiate and proliferate into many types of cells to form an individual. This literature study aims to evaluate the Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) comprehensively.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted by the author to obtain relevant studies from PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PreMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane for the last fifteen years. The author sought articles with the following keywords: Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, AND Fibrosis, OR Wound Healing, OR Growth Factor, hypoxic culture OR, Normoxic Culture, OR cytokine.Results:  ADSCs become one of the strong potential stem cell-based therapies, for instance, preventing fibrosis tissue formation in the wound healing process. The source is mainly on the body’s surface, and harvesting using a minimally invasive procedure made ADSCs superior to the other stem cell sources. Using a better precondition technique, such as the hypoxia precondition technique, can increase the proliferation of stem cells and the viability of stem cells.Conclusion: ADSCs are a source of visible cell-based therapy to be currently used. ADSCs can counteract fibrosis by the anti-inflammatory and anti fibrosis effects.