bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of terrorism and economic policy uncertainty on economic complexity in Africa: A study of the moderating role of governance institutions
Authors: Ogbuabor Jonathan E. , Emeka Ekene ThankGod , Nwosu Emmanuel O.
Published: August 2023

Following the paucity of empirical evidence on the effects of terrorism and uncertainty on economic complexity in Africa and the moderating role of governance institutions on these relationships, this study raised two important questions. First, how are terrorism and uncertainty impacting on economic complexity in Africa? Second, how are governance institutions moderating the effects of terrorism and uncertainty on economic complexity in Africa? To answer these questions, the study employed pooled ordinary least squares and dynamic system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators, with a panel of 33 African countries over the period 2010–2021. We find that the unconditional effects of terrorism and uncertainty on economic complexity in Africa are predominantly negative and significant. We also find that governance institutions predominantly have unconditional positive and significant impact on economic complexity in Africa but failed to moderate the adverse effect of uncertainty on economic complexity. However, trade openness, international tourism and lagged economic complexity are potent factors promoting economic complexity in Africa, while physical capital stock remained a deterring factor. The study concluded that policymakers and leaders in Africa should engage in collaborative efforts at the African Union level to promote high‐quality institutions, while simultaneously addressing the detrimental effects of terrorism and uncertainty on the continent.
Miocene tectonic activity at the boundary between NE Pannonian and NW Transylvanian basins (Romania): Insight from new seismic data
Authors: Panea Ionelia , Munteanu Ioan , Gaina Carmen , Mocanu Victor , Roban Relu Dumitru , Bouaru Catalin Florin ,   Geysir‐BaiaMare Working Group
Published: August 2023

Situated at the junction between the Eastern Carpathians Mountains, the Pannonian and the Transylvanian basins, the Baia Mare region (Romania) has a complex geological history that witnessed the interaction among the three main tectonic provinces. Here, we report results from new seismic reflection measurements that provide modern information about the subsurface geological structure. The integrated analysis of the newly acquired and vintage seismic reflection data from the study area reveals details about the architecture of the Palaeogene and the Neogene deposits at the contact between the northeastern Pannonian and northwestern Transylvanian basins. In particular, it unveils a fault zone that most probably controlled the tectonic evolution of the eastern Pannonian and Transylvanian basins. A better understanding of the crustal structure and tectonic features in the study area is a first step into evaluating the geothermal potential of the region.
Respiratory virus infections after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: Current understanding, knowledge gaps, and recent advances
Authors: Piñana Jose L. , Pérez Ariadna , Chorão Pedro , Guerreiro Manuel , García‐Cadenas Irene , Solano Carlos , Martino Rodrigo , Navarro David ,   the Infectious Complications Subcommittee of the Spanish Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Group (GETH‐TC)
Published: August 2023

Before the COVID‐19 pandemic, common community‐acquired seasonal respiratory viruses (CARVs) were a significant threat to the health and well‐being of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo‐HCT) recipients, often resulting in severe illness and even death. The pandemic has further highlighted the significant risk that immunosuppressed patients, including allo‐HCT recipients, face when infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. As preventive transmission measures are relaxed and CARVs circulate again among the community, including in allo‐HSCT recipients, it is crucial to understand the current state of knowledge, gaps, and recent advances regarding CARV infection in allo‐HCT recipients. Urgent research is needed to identify seasonal respiratory viruses as potential drivers for future pandemics.
Asymmetric general oligopolistic equilibrium
Authors: Quint Ansgar F. , Rudsinske Jonas F.
Published: August 2023

We explore the effects of country asymmetries in a general oligopolistic equilibrium model with segmented markets. Firms' oligopolistic behaviour in segmented markets has macro‐level effects when countries' characteristics or policies are asymmetric. Due to their effect on strategic firm behaviour, country asymmetries can induce deviations from the law of one price, which gives rise to terms‐of‐trade based international shifts in consumption and welfare. We demonstrate that by studying the welfare and distributional effects of asymmetric labour market policies.
Patterns of metastatic progression and association with clinical outcomes in canine osteosarcoma: A necropsy study of 83 dogs
Authors: Silver K. I. , Patkar S. , Mazcko C. , Berger E. P. , Beck J. A. , LeBlanc A. K.
Published: August 2023

Osteosarcoma is a highly metastatic primary bone tumour that occurs spontaneously in both pet dogs and humans. Patterns of metastasis to organs beyond the most common site (lung) are poorly characterised and it is unknown whether specific associations between patterns of metastatic progression and patient features exist. This retrospective study characterised the necropsy findings of 83 dogs receiving standardised therapy and clinical monitoring in a prospective clinical trial setting to document patterns of metastasis and correlate outcomes with these patterns and other patient and tumour‐specific factors. A total of 20 different sites of metastasis were documented, with lung as the most common site, followed by bone, kidney, liver, and heart. Two distinct clusters of dogs were identified based on patterns of metastasis. There was no significant association between site of enrollment, trial arm, sex, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, or tumour location and clinical outcomes. A second cancer type was identified at necropsy in 10 dogs (10/83; 12%). These data showcase the extensive nature of osteosarcoma metastasis beyond the lung and provide a benchmark for clinical monitoring of the disease. Further, this study provides insight into transcriptional features of primary tumours that may relate to a propensity for osteosarcoma metastasis to specific organs and tissues.
Microorganism colonization of peripheral venous catheters in a small animal clinical setting
Authors: Matula Erica , Mastrocco Alicia , Prittie Jennifer , Weltman Joel , Keyserling Christine
Published: August 2023

Objective

To compare the incidence of microorganism colonization of peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) placed in the Emergency Department (ED) to those placed in a routine preoperative setting. The relationship between catheter tip colonization and patient urgency (as assessed by triage priority) was also evaluated.

Design

Prospective, observational study from January 2021 to October 2021.

Setting

Emergency room and clinical areas of a large, urban, tertiary referral center.

Animals

Three hundred dogs and 94 cats with a PVC in place for a minimum of 24 hours were enrolled in the study.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

Two hundred and eighty‐eight PVCs were placed in the ED and 106 were placed preoperatively. The overall colonization rate was 10.4% (41/394). Sixteen bacterial and 1 fungal genera were cultured. Eight of these bacterial genera (25/51 [49%] bacterial isolates) were resistant to at least 1 antimicrobial class. Twenty‐nine of 288 (10.1%) catheters positive for colonization were placed in the ED, whereas 12 of 106 (11.3%) were placed preoperatively. There was no association between microorganism growth on catheters and clinical area of catheter placement. There was also no association between ED patient urgency and positive catheter tip culture. No significant risk factors were identified predisposing to colonization of PVCs.

Conclusions

The overall incidence of microorganism colonization of PVCs in this study population was equivalent to, or lower than, previously reported in veterinary literature. There was no statistical difference between the catheters placed in the ED and those placed for routine surgical procedures. Patient urgency did not affect the incidence of positivity of peripheral catheter tip cultures.
Effect of screw insertion angle and speed on the incidence of transcortical fracture development in a canine tibial diaphyseal model
Authors: Sadowitz Peter M. , Jones Stephen C. , Beale Brian S. , Cross Alan R. , Hudson Caleb C.
Published: August 2023

Objective

To assess the incidence of transcortical fracture (TCF) development based on screw insertion angle and screw insertion speed.

Study design

Cadaveric experimental study.

Sample population

Sixty‐six canine tibiae.

Methods

Sixty‐six cadaveric tibiae were randomly assigned to one of six groups that varied based on screw insertion angle relative to the pilot hole (0, 5, or 10°) and screw insertion speed (650 or 1350 revolutions per minute [rpm]). Each tibia was mounted in a custom jig. Locking self‐tapping screws (3.5 mm) were inserted at varying speeds and insertion angles, based on group assignment. Orthogonal radiographs were evaluated for TCFs. Fisher's exact tests with a Bonferroni correction were performed to evaluate differences in the frequency of TCF between groups.

Results

In Group A (0°/650 rpm: control), a 0% TCF rate was observed (n = 0/80). Group B (5°/650 rpm) had a 3.75% TCF rate (n = 3/80). Group C (10°/650 rpm) had a 12.5% TCF rate (n = 10/80). Group D (10°/hand insertion) had a 3.75% TCF rate (n = 3/80). Group E (10°/1350 rpm) had a 17.5% TCF rate (n = 14/80). Group F (0°/1350 rpm) had a 0% TCF rate (n = 0/80). Groups C and E had the highest TCF rates with a difference in TCF rates observed between the control group and Group C (p = .001) and between the control group and Group E (p < .001).

Conclusion

Increased screw insertion angle and insertion speed appear to be predisposing factors for TCF development in cadaveric bone.

Clinical significance

Ensuring screw insertion is coaxial with the pilot hole and using slower screw insertion speeds may help reduce the risk of TCF development.
A dichotomy for extreme values of zeta and Dirichlet L$L$‐functions
Authors: Bondarenko Andriy , Darbar Pranendu , Hagen Markus V. , Heap Winston , Seip Kristian
Published: August 2023

We exhibit large values of the Dedekind zeta function of a cyclotomic field on the critical line. This implies a dichotomy whereby one either has improved lower bounds for the maximum of the Riemann zeta function, or large values of Dirichlet ‐functions on the level of the Bondarenko–Seip bound.
The polynomials X2+(Y2+1)2$X^2+(Y^2+1)^2$ and X2+(Y3+Z3)2$X^{2} + (Y^3+Z^3)^2$ also capture their primes
Authors: Merikoski Jori
Published: August 2023

We show that there are infinitely many primes of the form and . This extends the work of Friedlander and Iwaniec showing that there are infinitely many primes of the form . More precisely, Friedlander and Iwaniec obtained an asymptotic formula for the number of primes of this form. For the sequences and , we establish Type II information that is too narrow for an aysmptotic formula, but we can use Harman's sieve method to produce a lower bound of the correct order of magnitude for primes of form and . Estimating the Type II sums is reduced to a counting problem that is solved by using the Weil bound, where the arithmetic input is quite different from the work of Friedlander and Iwaniec for . We also show that there are infinitely many primes where is represented by an incomplete norm form of degree with variables. For this, we require a Deligne‐type bound for correlations of hyper‐Kloosterman sums.
Discursos universitarios. Textos escogidos de Peter-Hans Kolvenbach, S. J.
Authors: Peter-Hans Kolvenbach, S. J.
Published: August 2023

El padre Peter-Hans Kolvenbach, S. J., superior general de la Compañía de Jesús de 1983 a 2008, dedicó gran parte de sus escritos a precisar el sentido y las características de una universidad jesuita en el mundo de hoy. Este sexto número de Clásicos Ignacianos presenta algunos apartados de sus discursos universitarios más importantes, por considerarlos de gran pertinencia para la reflexión sobre el sentido y la práctica de la educación ignaciana.
Porciones de alimentos recomendados para niños de tres a cinco años de edad
Authors: Olaya Vega Gilma , Buitrago Rodríguez María Fernanda
Published: August 2023

Este libro es resultado de una investigación que responde a dos necesidades: por una parte, brindar información sobre el tamaño de las porciones y de los alimentos recomendados para niños de tres a cinco años, teniendo en cuenta los requerimientos de energía y nutrientes, y, por otra, promover prácticas de alimentación saludable que contribuyan al crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños en esta etapa de la vida. Así mismo, se espera que este libro brinde a los profesionales de nutrición y dietética, padres y cuidadores de los niños la oportunidad de identificar, visualizar y llevar a la práctica estas recomendaciones en la evaluación y planeación de una alimentación saludable para los niños, teniendo en cuenta la promoción de la salud y la protección del medio ambiente.
Educación inclusiva. Creencias de maestras, maestros y familias colombianas
Authors: Luz Helena Cañas Cañas , Cuéllar Contreras Ángela del Pilar , Lozano Penagos Mayra Katherine , Yate Martínez Alejandra , Ovalle Pinzón Nicol Valentina , Uribe Caro Linda Yurany , Páez Elena Marulanda
Published: August 2023

El libro Educación inclusiva: creencias de maestras, maestros y familias colombianas resulta ser, en primer lugar, un ejemplo notorio (uno más) de hasta qué punto máximas como las antedichas impregnan el quehacer académico de la Dra. Elena Marulanda Páez, profesora titular de la Facultad de Educación de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá y también directora de los estudios empíricos que sustentan los capítulos que componen este libro, los cuales fueron realizados inicialmente como trabajos de grado de distintas maestrías en esa universidad.
Pain management in indigenous and tribal peoples: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Oliveira Pâmela Roberta de , Pereira Lilian Varanda , da Silva Carvalho Vila Vanessa , Guimarães Lemes Alisséia , da Rocha Elias Marcelino , Ferreira Adriano Borges , Borges Maraísa Delmut
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Effective and culturally safe pain management can facilitate analgesia and improve the quality of life. Individualised, multimodal and multidisciplinary approaches are highly recommended. There exist gaps in the knowledge on pain management, in terms of the assessment and/or treatment, in indigenous peoples and the currently available information is scattered in the literature. A scoping review will provide an overview or evidence map on the variety of approaches used in different cultures, in different parts of the world.

Methods and analysis

The search strategy comprises three stages. The first stage identified the MeSH terms and keywords in PubMed. The second stage will consist of a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, APA PsycNet and Scopus, followed by a search in Google and Google Scholar, GreyGuide, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Theses Canada Portal (Library and Archives Canada), TROVE (National Library of Australia), Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Bibliography, and Cybertesis. The papers will be screened, selected and extracted independently by two researchers. Descriptive data analysis will be performed, and the results will be presented using a narrative summary, graphs, tables and figures.

Ethics and dissemination

This review does not require ethical approval, as data from the literature available in databases will be collected and analysed. The protocol was registered at the Open Science Framework. The data on pain assessment and treatment in indigenous peoples will be presented through a narrative summary, figures, charts and tables. Results will be submitted to an open-access journal for publication and will be disseminated through scientific events, scientific meetings, public events and conversation circles with indigenous peoples.
Drug retention of biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the ANSWER cohort study
Authors: Ebina Kosuke , Etani Yuki , Maeda Yuichi , Okita Yasutaka , Hirao Makoto , Yamamoto Wataru , Hashimoto Motomu , Murata Koichi , Hara Ryota , Nagai Koji , Hiramatsu Yuri , Son Yonsu , Amuro Hideki , Fujii Takayuki , Okano Takaichi , Ueda Yo , Katayama Masaki , Okano Tadashi , Tachibana Shotaro , Hayashi Shinya , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Okada Seiji , Nakata Ken
Published: August 2023

Objectives

This multicentre retrospective study in Japan aimed to assess the retention of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), and to clarify the factors affecting their retention in a real-world cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

The study included 6666 treatment courses (bDMARD-naïve or JAKi-naïve cases, 55.4%; tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) = 3577; anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibodies (aIL-6R) = 1497; cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-Ig (CTLA4-Ig) = 1139; JAKi=453 cases). The reasons for discontinuation were divided into four categories (ineffectiveness, toxic adverse events, non-toxic reasons and remission); multivariate Cox proportional hazards modelling by potential confounders was used to analyse the HRs of treatment discontinuation.

Results

TNFi (HR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.69 to 2.19), CTLA4-Ig (HR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.67) and JAKi (HR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.63) showed a higher discontinuation rate due to ineffectiveness than aIL-6R. TNFi (HR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.56) and aIL-6R (HR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.57) showed a higher discontinuation rate due to toxic adverse events than CTLA4-Ig. Concomitant use of oral glucocorticoids (GCs) at baseline was associated with higher discontinuation rate due to ineffectiveness in TNFi (HR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.41), as well as toxic adverse events in JAKi (HR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.23 to 4.28) and TNFi (HR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.07 to 1.55).

Conclusions

TNFi (HR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.37 to 1.68) and CTLA4-Ig (HR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.30) showed a higher overall drug discontinuation rate, excluding non-toxicity and remission, than aIL-6R.
Viewpoint on anifrolumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and a high unmet need in clinical practice
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: August 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterised by unpredictable flares. Many patients with SLE are unable to achieve the recommended treatment goal of remission or the intermediate, yet still clinically beneficial, goal of Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) with standard of care (SoC) treatments. LLDAS is an emerging treat-to-target goal in SLE with the aim of reducing organ damage and mortality. A high unmet need remains in SLE and mainstay glucocorticoid treatment is associated with unacceptable toxicity. The recently approved type I interferon receptor antagonist anifrolumab is a new treatment option for this historically underserved patient population. In phase 3 trials, a higher percentage of patients on anifrolumab achieved remission, as defined by the Definition Of Remission In SLE (DORIS), and LLDAS compared with placebo. Real-world clinical experience with anifrolumab use is still limited. Until real-world study results and updated treatment guidelines are available, personal expert clinical experience supported by data may inform clinical decision-making. This viewpoint article discusses four example patient types that could be considered for anifrolumab treatment based on (1) high-risk features early in the disease course, (2) inability to achieve and (3) maintain at least LLDAS, or (4) a desire to reduce or stop SoC. These patients with high unmet need may benefit from the addition of anifrolumab to SoC to achieve or maintain the therapeutic goals of LLDAS or DORIS remission.
Impact of ultrasound limitation to assess aortitis in patients with giant cell arteritis: comparative study with FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Molina-Collada Juan , Castrejón Isabel , Monjo-Henry Irene , Fernández-Fernández Elisa , Torres Ortiz Gabriela , Martínez-Barrio Julia , Álvaro-Gracia José María , de Miguel Eugenio
Published: August 2023

Objective

To determine the impact of ultrasound (US) intrinsic limitation to assess aortitis versus FDG-PET/CT in patients with US-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) and to identify factors associated with aortic involvement.

Methods

Retrospective observational study of patients referred to US fast-track clinics at two academic centres over a 4-year period. Only patients with GCA confirmed by US were included. Temporal arteries (TA) and extracranial arteries US were performed at baseline. FDG-PET/CT was performed according to clinician’s criteria. An FDG artery uptake at the aorta higher than liver uptake was considered positive for aortitis.

Results

Seventy-two of 186 patients with US-proven GCA underwent an FDG-PET/CT; 29 (40.3%) had a positive FDG-PET/CT and 24 (33.3%) presented aortitis. Only 6 (20.7%) patients with positive FDG-PET/CT had negative US findings of large vessel (LV)-GCA. Among patients with aortitis in FDG-PET/CT, only two (8.3%) had negative US findings of LV-GCA. Patients with aortitis were younger (68.9 vs 81;p<0.001), more frequently females (79.2% vs 39.6%;p=0.002) and had higher platelets count (413.4 vs 311.1;p=0014). Patients with aortitis presented positive TA US less frequently (41.7% vs 83.3%;p<0.001), but more LV US involvement (91.7% vs 41.7%; p<0.001) versus patients without aortitis. None of the patients with aortitis exhibited visual symptoms (0% vs 31.2%;p=0.001).

Conclusions

FDG-PET/CT can detect aortitis in one out of every three patients with US-proven GCA. However, a negative US examination for LV-GCA suggests a low risk of aortitis. Younger and female GCA patients with thrombocytosis, absence of visual manifestations and LV-GCA on US may more frequently present aortitis by FDG-PET/CT.
Subcutaneous and visceral fat are associated with worse outcomes in gunshot injuries but not stab injuries to the torso
Authors: Mejias Christopher , Hoegger Mark , Snyder Jason , Raptis Constantine , Mellnick Vincent
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The effect of obesity in penetrating trauma outcomes is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a protective effect of subcutaneous or visceral fat from stab and gunshot wounds.

Methods

443 patients admitted after penetrating traumatic injury of the torso were retrospectively identified from our institution’s trauma registry. CT scans performed at presentation were used to determine cross-sectional area of visceral and subcutaneous fat at the level of the umbilicus via manual segmentation. Obesity-associated parameters including body mass index, visceral and subcutaneous fat were compared with injury severity score, length of hospital/intesive care unit (ICU) stay, and number of operating room (OR) visits. Parameters were compared between patients who sustained stab wounds versus gunshot injuries.

Results

Comparing all patients with gunshot injuries with those with stab injuries, gunshots resulted in increased hospital and ICU length of stay, and injury severity score (ISS). For patients with gunshot wounds, all obesity-related parameters correlated with increased length of stay and total ICU stay; subcutaneous fat and visceral fat were correlated with increased OR visits, but there was no significant correlation between obesity-related parameters and ISS. In contrast, with stab wounds there were no statistically significant associations between obesity parameters and any of the outcome measures.

Conclusion

For penetrating trauma in the torso, obesity is correlated with worse outcomes with gunshot injuries but not in stab injuries.

Level of evidence

Level III, prognostic and epidemiological.
Weil–Petersson forms for families of polystable bundles over compact Kähler manifolds
Authors: Buchdahl Nicholas , Schumacher Georg
Published: August 2023

The moduli space of polystable holomorphic vector bundles over a compact Kähler manifold previously constructed by the authors is equipped with a positive closed current that possesses local continuous potentials, these given by explicit integral formulae. Its restriction to the moduli space of stable holomorphic vector bundles is the classical Weil–Petersson form. On an open dense subspace of the polystable moduli space it is equal to a semi-classical smooth Weil–Petersson form.
The stability of the MHD flow over a shrinking cylinder with surface heat flux and volumetric thermal power
Authors: Swain Bharat Keshari , Dash G. C.
Published: August 2023

In this analysis, the stability of MHD stagnation point flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting viscous incompressible fluid on a horizontally stretching/shrinking permeable cylinder with volumetric heat source are investigated. The cylindrical surface is subjected to a cross flow and a heat flux. This analysis finds applications in the areas of polymeric processing unit due to stretching/shrinking of surface and biofluid flows with therapeutic effects through the arteries, vein and digestive system that have a tube-like structure. Other aspects of the analysis are: magnetic field intensity whose strength can be remotely controlled and embodied generating/absorbing thermal power. The solution of the boundary value problems (BVP) is carried out with MATLAB’s inbuilt solver bvp4c. The most significant findings are recorded as: an increase in magnetic field strength increases the skin friction at the solid surface which is consistent with progressive thinning of boundary layer. This striking result is of interest in industrial applications because it is easy to regulate the magnetic field strength by electromagnetic devices such as controlling the voltage in the electric circuit. There is a point of neutrality of thermal energy distribution during the high fluctuation of temperature irrespective of the presence of heat generation or absorption. This can be attributed to the dominating effect of stretching/shrinking of the surface. The first solution provides stability of the flow with an increase in velocity in the presence of heat sink that is commensurate with the strength.
On incorporation of heavy-quark mass into soft-wall holographic models
Authors: Afonin S. S. , Solomko T. D.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we consider the soft-wall holographic model with the linear dilaton background. The model leads to a Hydrogen-like meson spectrum which can be interpreted as the static limit with very large quark masses when the Coulomb interaction dominates. The mass scale introduced by the linear dilaton is matched to the quark mass. The resulting model is analyzed for the scalar, vector and tensor cases. The electromagnetic coupling constants predicted by the model are decreasing with the radial number in contrast to the soft-wall model with quadratic dilaton where these couplings represent a universal constant. The given prediction is qualitatively consistent with the corresponding experimental data in vector quarkonia. The proposed model can thus be used as a constituent part of more elaborated holographic models for heavy quarkonia. A particular example of such a model is put forward.
A vacuum transition in the FSM with a possible new take on the horizon problem in cosmology
Authors: Bordes José , Chan Hong-Mo , Tsou Sheung Tsun
Published: August 2023

The framed standard model (FSM), constructed to explain the empirical mass and mixing patterns (including CP phases) of quarks and leptons, in which it has done quite well, gives otherwise the same result as the standard model (SM) in almost all areas in particle physics where the SM has been successfully applied, except for a few specified deviations such as the [Formula: see text] mass and the [Formula: see text] of muons, that is, just where experiment is showing departures from what SM predicts. It predicts further the existence of a hidden sector of particles some of which may function as dark matter. In this paper, we first note that the above results involve, surprisingly, the FSM undergoing a vacuum transition (VTR1) at a scale of around 17[Formula: see text]MeV, where the vacuum expectation values of the colour framons (framed vectors promoted into fields) which are all nonzero above that scale acquire some vanishing components below it. This implies that the metric pertaining to these vanishing components would vanish also. Important consequences should then ensue, but these occur mostly in the unknown hidden sector where empirical confirmation is hard at present to come by, but they give small reflections in the standard sector, some of which may have already been seen. However, one notes that if, going off at a tangent, one imagines colour to be embedded, Kaluza–Klein (KK) fashion, into a higher-dimensional space–time, then this VTR1 would cause 2 of the compactified dimensions to collapse. This might mean then that when the universe cooled to the corresponding temperature of [Formula: see text] K when it was about [Formula: see text] s old, this VTR1 collapse would cause the three spatial dimensions of the universe to expand to compensate. The resultant expansion is estimated, using FSM parameters previously determined from particle physics, to be capable, when extrapolated backwards in time, of bringing the present universe back inside the then horizon, solving thus formally the horizon problem. Besides, VTR1 being a global phenomenon in the FSM, it would switch on and off automatically and simultaneously over all space, thus requiring seemingly no additional strategy for a graceful exit. However, this scenario has not been checked for consistency with other properties of the universe and is to be taken thus not as a candidate solution of the horizon problem but only as an observation from particle physics which might be of interest to cosmologists and experts in the early universe. For particle physicists also, it might serve as an indicator for how relevant this VTR1 can be, even if the KK assumption is not made.
Krylov complexity in Calabi–Yau quantum mechanics
Authors: Du Bao-Ning , Huang Min-Xin
Published: August 2023

Recently, a novel measure for the complexity of operator growth is proposed based on Lanczos algorithm and Krylov recursion method. We study this Krylov complexity in quantum mechanical systems derived from some well-known local toric Calabi–Yau geometries, as well as some nonrelativistic models. We find that for the Calabi–Yau models, the Lanczos coefficients grow slower than linearly for small [Formula: see text]’s, consistent with the behavior of integrable models. On the other hand, for the nonrelativistic models, the Lanczos coefficients initially grow linearly for small [Formula: see text]’s, then reach a plateau. Although this looks like the behavior of a chaotic system, it is mostly likely due to saddle-dominated scrambling effects instead, as argued in the literature. In our cases, the slopes of linearly growing Lanczos coefficients almost saturate a bound by the temperature. During our study, we also provide an alternative general derivation of the bound for the slope.
Thermal neutrino self-energy beyond the contact approximation
Authors: Erdas Andrea
Published: August 2023

Using the Schwinger proper time method I calculate exactly the bubble diagram contribution to the thermal neutrino self-energy, obtaining exact results that cannot be achieved using the contact approximation. These results allow me to obtain the dispersion relation for neutrino in a medium under several different conditions.
A Novel Test Pattern Optimization Method Using Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Asha Pon S. , Jeyalakshmi V.
Published: August 2023

Testing modern integrated circuit (IC) is challenging with introduction of System-on Chip (SOC). Enormous test pattern count is required to authenticate the IC which inflates power consumption. Henceforth, it is mandatory to incorporate power minimization techniques at circuit design phase. Optimizing test patterns is one such effective technique that curtails test power without altering circuit design. In this paper, a new test pattern reordering algorithm is proposed based on Recurrent Neural Network. Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) constitutes an optimized solution for solving traveling salesman problem (TSP). Since, test pattern reordering can be interpreted as TSP, optimized test pattern order is attained with HNN. Energy function of this algorithm falls into local minimum, so to eradicate this issue, the algorithm is modified. Test patterns are reordered with minimal hamming distance among consecutive test patterns. The proposed algorithm is implemented in ISCAS’89 Sequential Benchmark circuits. Experimental results prove that significant reduction in transition count is accomplished with proposed algorithm without compromising fault coverage.
A Low-Distortion Low-Power MASH Architecture ΣΔ Modulator with Double-Sampling
Authors: Liu Yuntao , Wang Botao , Fang Shuo , Wang Lijing , Wang Ying , Wang Yun
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a low-distortion and low-power multi-stage noise-shaping (MASH) architecture Sigma-Delta ([Formula: see text] modulator with double-sampling. The modulator uses a cascade of integrator feed-forward (CIFF) structure as a cascaded modulator in a MASH architecture. Since the CIFF structure provides a feedforward path from the input signal to the quantizer, the input signal is directly transmitted to the output without loop processing, relaxing the linearity requirement of the modulator, reducing performance requirements for the OTA and harmonic distortion. Double-sampling technique is adopted in the first integrator to double the sampling rate, improving the accuracy of the modulator without the increase of power consumption. In order to eliminate the influence of capacitor mismatch in the sampling network, a fully floating differential switched capacitor (SC) feedback digital-to-analog (DAC) is used in the integrator. The simulation results show that the [Formula: see text] modulator achieves 113[Formula: see text]dB signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) and the power consumption is 3.15[Formula: see text]mW from a 5[Formula: see text]V power supply.
The parameter-free Monte Carlo approach for diffractive dissociation of relativistic oxygen nuclei into four alpha particles in interactions with protons at 3.25GeV/c per nucleon
Authors: Lugovoi Vladimir V. , Olimov Khusniddin K. , Gulamov Kadyr G. , Olimov Kosim , Sindarov Bunyod A. , Olimov Alisher K.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we have investigated the processes of formation of four alpha particles in the final state in the reactions [Formula: see text] of diffractive dissociation of oxygen-16 nuclei in interactions with protons at an incident momentum of 3.25[Formula: see text]GeV/[Formula: see text] per nucleon. A Monte Carlo model is proposed to describe the kinematic characteristics of the produced alpha particles. The proposed Monte Carlo model does not have any free parameters. The algorithm of the model takes into account the energetically allowed channels of direct (or cascade) decays of the excited oxygen-16 nuclei into the final four alpha particles. To form the masses of the excited oxygen-16, carbon-12, and beryllium-8 nuclei, the experimental tables of their excitation levels have been used. All decays have been generated isotropically in the rest frame of each unstable nucleus — the excited oxygen-16, carbon-12, and beryllium-8 nuclei. The results of the Monte Carlo model calculations have proved to be in good agreement with distributions of various kinematic characteristics of the final state alpha particles taken from the experiment. The good agreement is reached if, after simulation of the mass of the excited oxygen-16, the energetically allowed decay channel is selected for which the sum of the total energy, released in this channel, and the masses of the four secondary alpha particles turn out to be less, but closest to the mass of the excited oxygen-16 nucleus. At a high level of excitation, there are several channels with the same energy release, which have been generated with equal probabilities.
The Performance Evaluation Model of Bus APP
Authors: Yu Chun-Min , Li Shao-Yu , Yu Chun-Hung , Chen Yen-Po
Published: August 2023

With the high development of economy and the continuous growth of the population of major cities in the world, the problem of traffic jams has become a serious problem that local governments must solve. In addition, facing the impact of global warming, how to save energy and reduce carbon emission is another critical problem that local governments need to face. An effective smart bus APP can enhance people’s satisfaction with the use of the APP while it can increase their willingness to take the bus, thereby reducing the number of people driving their own cars. It is of some help to alleviate the problem of urban traffic congestion. At the same time, it also reduces the total amount of carbon emitted from cars so as to achieve the effects of energy saving and carbon reduction. Therefore, this paper, through questionnaires, gathered opinions from passengers who used the bus APP and established a performance evaluation model of the bus APP. This model can assist the designer or management engineer of the bus APP to find out the service items of the bus APP that need to be improved, in order to make the bus APP more intelligent and efficient to use.
EFFECTS OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS ON α-FE(100)/CR(100) INTERFACE
Authors: ZHANG JING , ZHANG SHIKUN , SUN YING , ZHANG LIFENG
Published: August 2023

The [Formula: see text]-Fe(100)/Cr(100) interface has an important effect on the precipitation of the Cr-rich phase in ferritic stainless steel, and alloying elements affect the stability of the [Formula: see text]-Fe(100)/Cr(100) interface. However, it is difficult to clearly understand the effect of alloying elements on the [Formula: see text]-Fe(100)/Cr(100) interface behavior experimentally. Therefore, the first-principles calculation is employed to address this problem in this paper. First of all, the segregation behaviors of alloy elements (Mo, Nb, and Si) on the [Formula: see text]-Fe(100)/Cr(100) interface were systematically investigated. And then, the effects of these alloying elements on the property of the [Formula: see text]-Fe(100)/Cr(100) interface were studied. Based on the density functional theory, the work of adhesion (Wad), interfacial energy (γint), doping energy ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]), and electronic properties of the [Formula: see text]-Fe(100)/Cr(100) interface were analyzed. The results show that the body-centered [Formula: see text]-Fe(100)/Cr(100) interface is constructed by using seven layers of [Formula: see text]-Fe(100) and Cr(100) surface models. The Wad is 6.115 J.m[Formula: see text], and the γint is −0.12 J.m [Formula: see text]. The doping atoms tend to segregate on the surface of [Formula: see text]-Fe(100). When the Si atom doped in the interface, the Wad increases, and the γint reduces. The doping of the Si strengthens the bonding strength of the interface and promotes the nucleation of the Cr-rich phase. While the addition of Mo and Nb atoms decreases the Wad of [Formula: see text]-Fe(100)/Cr(100) interface, increases the γint. The bonding strength of the interface is weakened and the nucleation of the Cr phase is inhibited. Based on this result, it is clearer to understand the effect of Mo, Nb, and Si atoms on the precipitation of the Cr-rich phase in ferritic stainless steel.
Coupling Dual Nonlinearity of Arch Bridge Bearing Capacity Analysis Method
Authors: Zhou Jianting , Wang Shaorui , Liu Zengwu , Yang Ligui , Wang Zhilu , Li Yingbin
Published: August 2023

In order to realistically restore the mechanical properties of the arch bridge under load and damage processes, a coupled dual nonlinear analysis method is established for the arch-bridge load–carrying capacity by considering the effects of bidirectional force transfer and adaptive section stiffness. First, based on the geometric nonlinear theoretical method of bidirectional force transfer, the macroscopic structural deformation of arch ribs under different loading conditions and load levels is preliminarily calculated, including the bending and axial deformation of each section of the arch, which is used to characterize the development of plasticity. According to deformation or strain, the fiber model analysis method is used to determine the true moment–curvature and axial force–curvature development paths of key sections, and then the elastic–plastic flexural and compressive stiffnesses of each section under different deformation states are derived. The elastic–plastic stiffness is substituted back to the geometric nonlinear equations to obtain the deformation and internal force along the arch ribs considering the cross-sectional plasticity. Finally, the above process is cycled until the equivalence condition is satisfied between the structural internal force/deformation and cross-sectional ones. In order to verify the rationality and accuracy of such a coupling method, a model test is carried out on a stiff skeletal concrete suspension chain line arch with a span of 12[Formula: see text]m, whose results match satisfactorily with that of calculated by the coupling dual nonlinearity method. Compared with the method suggested in the code JTG3362-2018, the proposed method can better predict the development of deflection of different arch rib sections, as well as the actual internal force state. The bending moment calculated as per the code is 7–16% larger than the test result at the ultimate capacity state, while the method of this paper is within 5%.
Structural Damage Detection Based on Improved Sensitivity Function of Modal Flexibility and Iterative Reweighted lp Regularization
Authors: Yin Xinfeng , Yan Wanli , Liu Yang , Zhou Yong , Li Lingyun
Published: August 2023

The [Formula: see text] regularization is usually used to deal with the problems of under-determinacy and measurement noise for the conventional sensitivity-based model updating damage detection methods. However, the [Formula: see text] regularization technique often provides overly smooth solutions and thus cannot exhibit the sparsity of the structural damage due to the promotion of the 2-norm term on smoothness. In the study, a structural damage detection method is proposed based on an improved modal flexibility sensitivity function and an iterative reweighted [Formula: see text] (IR[Formula: see text] regularization. Specifically, the sensitivity function is established by introducing changes in the mode shapes into the derivative of eigenvalue and can be applied to identify the localized damage more accurately. Additionally, IR[Formula: see text] regularization is proposed to deal with the ill-posed problem of damage detection in a noisy environment. The proposed IR[Formula: see text] regularization is compared with the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] regularizations through a numerical and an experimental examples. The numerical and experimental results indicate that the IR[Formula: see text] regularization can more accurately locate and quantify the single and multiple damages under the noise situation. The maximum identification errors are only 5.16% and 5.67%, respectively. Moreover, compared to the basic modal flexibility sensitivity function, the improved function is more sensitive to the damage. The maximum identification error of the improved function is less than 6%, while the relative errors are significantly larger in the basic function.
On the Free Vibration Behavior of Temperature-Dependent Bidirectional Functionally Graded Curved Porous Beams
Authors: Taleb Ouahiba , Sekkal Mohamed , Bouiadjra Rabbab Bachir , Benyoucef Samir , Khedher Khaled Mohamed , Salem Mohamed Abdelaziz , Tounsi Abdelouahed
Published: August 2023

Based on a quasi-3D beam formulation, study on frequencies of bidirectional functionally graded (BDFG) curved porous beam in thermal environment is carried out. In severe thermal conditions, where BDFGs are considered to be highly efficient, temperature affects the properties of the BDFG beams. Consequently, this study focuses on the free vibration of porous BDFG curved beams by considering the effective temperature-dependent properties as a function of position across the thickness and thermal rise. The displacement field used contains indeterminate terms and involves a few variables to define. The mechanical characteristics of the curved beam are supposed to be temperature-dependent and graded in both axial and transverse direction depending on various porosity patterns. The governing equations of the simply supported curved porous beam are derived using the principal of virtual works and are then solved utilizing the Navier solution. The accuracy of the current formulation is tested by checking its results with other relevant publications found in the literature. Through a parametric study, we examine the impact of materials properties temperature-dependence, grading indexes, porosity distribution, radius of curvature and other parameters on the frequencies of curved bidirectional functionally graded porous beams. The results reveal that these parameters have a great influence on the free vibration response of porous BDFG curved beams. These results can serve as reference solutions for future investigations.
RECOGNITION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BASED ON CNN-LSTM AND LAPLACIAN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
Authors: WANG YING , LI YONGJIAN , CHEN MENG , HUO RUI , LIU LEI , LIANG YESONG , WEI SHOUSHUI
Published: August 2023

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia associated with cardiac death and stroke. Therefore, the early detection of AF is of critical importance and the wearable long-term ECG monitoring system is one promising way. In order to assist the cardiologists in identifying potential AF in a tremendous amount of long-term ECG data, this study proposed an automatic detector combining deep learning and semi-supervised learning in view of the difficulty of obtaining a large number of labeled data in clinical practice. Three R-R interval features and two nonlinear features extracted from ECG samples, combined with 16-dimension deep learning features extracted by CNN-LSTM, are put into the semi-supervised machine learning model Laplacian Support Vector Machine (LapSVM) for AF detection. The proposed method showed very promising performance, with an accuracy of 99.63%, a sensitivity of 99.70%, a specificity of 99.57% and an F_score of 99.59% on the AFDB dataset. It still achieved an accuracy of 98% when the proportion of the training set was reduced, and achieved an accuracy of 96% on the SPHD collected clinically. The results show that the proposed method can classify AF and non-AF with a higher accuracy, and has excellent generalization performance in different categories of subjects, which is in line with clinical scenarios. The proposed method is also conducive to solving the clinical cases with little labeled data.