bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender, lineage, and age on muscle morphometry traits and meat tenderness of free-range chickens
Authors: Faria Peter Bitencourt , Esteves Claudiana , Cruz Fábio Loures , Bruhn Fabio Raphael Pascoti , Souza Xisto Rodrigues , Bressan Maria Cristina
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT: This study assessed whether the meat tenderness of broilers raised in a free-range system varies by sex, lineage, and age at the time of slaughter. Physicochemical parameters were measured to adequately assess breast and thigh muscle morphometry, including shear force (SF), muscle fibre diameter (MD), histological connective tissue (HCT) content, and total and soluble collagen contents (TCC and SCC, respectively). The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design using two lineages (Pescoço Pelado and Paraíso Pedrês), with specimens of both sexes raised in a free-range system. Randomly selected broilers were slaughtered at 65, 75, 85, and 95 days old. A total of 192 birds were analysed. SF values correlated positively with age. The highest SF values were measured in thighs of the Pescoço Pelado lineage. Age also showed a positive correlation with MD and HCT content of the breast regardless of lineage. Gender did not have any significant correlation with physical parameters; although, higher values were measured in thighs of the Paraíso Pedrês than in those of the Pescoço Pelado lineage. There were no significant differences among treatments regarding the SCC and TCC of thighs and breasts. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed relationships between SF and the rest of the measured attributes. PCA showed that age was positively correlated with the SF, MD, and HCT content of thighs and breasts. In contrast, SCC and TCC had negative correlations. The greatest breast and thigh MD values were associated with the least tender meat. Thus, age at the time of slaughter proved to be the most significant parameter impacting the physical characteristics of muscle morphometry and meat tenderness of breasts and thighs of broilers raised in a free-range system.
Association of adjuvants and Beauveria bassiana fungus to control of Paraguay tea ampul
Authors: Loeblein Jaqueline Suelen , Alves Luis Francisco Angeli , Nascimento Cristina Bordin , Rode Priscila de Andrade , Almeida José Eduardo Marcondes de
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT: Aiming to increase the activity of the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Unioeste 44) against adults of Gyropsylla spegazziniana, the combination of the fungus with adjuvants Aureo® and Assist® was evaluated for application. The bioassays were carried out in direct and residual contact with insects on yerba mate seedlings. The effects on some biological parameters of the fungus were also evaluated in vitro. The combination of the fungus and the adjuvants in direct contact resulted in mortality rates of 65 and 75% (Aureo® and Assist®, respectively), with no difference between them; however, the mortality rate was greater than that obtained with the fungus alone (47 %) (P < 0.05). Mortality from residual contact was lower, but the association with adjuvant Assist® (48%) compared to Aureo® (16%) was still advantageous. Conidiogenesis in cadavers was not affected by adjuvants in the treatment by direct contact. However, in residual contact, conidiogenesis increased with the Assist® addition. Despite affecting the germination and growth of the fungus, the adjuvants were considered compatible. In addition to the efficiency of their combination, neither adjuvant caused phytotoxicity to yerba mate seedlings, representing advantages of its use in G. spegazziniana population management.
Farm microbiological milk culture: study case on cow performance, financial and economic aspects
Authors: Reis Nathan Felippe Fontoura , Ferreira Fernanda Carolina , Diniz Neto Hilton do Carmo , Sá Hemilly Cristina Menezes de , Coelho Sandra Gesteira
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the use of microbiological culture of milk from cows with clinical mastitis (CM), and the performance and economic results after implementing this procedure. The 18-month data were obtained from a farm in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with an average daily production of 23.1 L of milk from cows milked twice daily under a semi-intensive regime. After a case of CM was identified, a milk sample from the affected quarter was collected and sent to the farm’s laboratory. First, a bi-plate containing selective growth medium was used for isolation of Gram-positive and negative bacteria (Plate 1). Subsequently, a tri-plate with selective growth medium was used for isolation of Gram-positive and negative bacteria, and bacteria of the genus Streptococcus (Plate 2). Finally, a tri-plate containing three chromogenic culture media capable of identifying 18 bacterial species was used (Plate 3). Clinical cases of mastitis were treated once a day based on the results of the microbiological culture. Two economic scenarios were evaluated (scenarios 1 and 2). Scenario 1 compared the situation if all cases of CM were treated (not using on-farm culture) vs. the use of on-farm culture (real data) and the generated savings for one year. Data from 1,582 lactations of 1,227 cows were evaluated, with 1,917 cases of CM from 636 cows recorded. The average annual incidence of CM was 48.2%. Of all cases evaluated, 76.8% were classified as grade 1 mastitis; 20% as grade 2, and 3.2% as grade 3. The incidence of new clinical cases of mastitis was 4.17% per month. From the samples analyzed on the three plates, 27.8% of the cases received a recommendation to not be treated and 72.2% received a recommendation of treatment. However, only 18.6% were not treated, making a total of 81.4% treated cases. Of the clinical cases that did not receive intramammary antibiotic therapy, 84.3% had a clinical cure. Conversely, the clinical cure rate reached 84% for the cases that received intramammary antibiotic therapy. In scenario 1, the total operational cost of the clinical case decreased by 10.3% after the implementation of the on-farm culture, with an 18.4% reduction in the use of antibiotics. In scenario 2, there was a 5.5% reduction in the cost of the clinical case and an 11.8% reduction in the use of antibiotics. Thus, the implementation of on-farm culture and the applied methodology, enhanced treatment accuracy of CM cases, reducing the total operating cost of the case and the use of antibiotics on the farm.
Particle size of oyster shell meal and calcium: phosphorus ratios in broiler diets
Authors: Bassi Lucas Schmidt , Durau Jean Fagner , Zavelinski Vitor Augusto Bernardini , Krabbe Everton Luís , Surek Diego , Maiorka Alex
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT: The effects of Ca:P total ratio and particle size of oyster shell meal (OSM) were evaluated in broiler diets. In Experiment 1, 800 broilers (22-42 days old) were distributed in a 2×2 factorial design, with two Ca:P ratios (1.7 and 2.0:1) and two OSM particle sizes (coarse = 1,354 µm and fine = 428 µm), totaling four treatments with 10 repetitions with 20 broilers. Feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were calculated. In Experiment 2, 1,280 broilers were distributed in a 2×2×2 factorial design (1.7 and 2.0:1 Ca:P ratios; coarse and fine OSM; male and female broilers), with eight treatments and 16 repetitions with 10 broilers. Apparent metabolizability of dry matter, Ca, P, and apparent metabolizable energy (AME), as well as bone resistance, bone weight, ash, Ca, and P content in the tibia were assessed. Growth performance was not affected (P > 0.05). Coarse OSM increased tibia Ca content in male broilers (P < 0.001), and higher Ca:P ratio improved bone ash and bone resistance in both sexes (P < 0.001), but reduced P content in male broilers (P < 0.05); male broilers displayed heavier bones with higher ash content than females (P < 0.05). Metabolizability of Ca was improved with coarse OSM (P < 0.05); whereas metabolizability of DM, P, and AME was not affected (P > 0.05). In conclusion, diets with a Ca:P total ratio of 2.0:1 containing coarser OSM improved bone mineral composition, particularly in male broilers, and coarse OSM improved the metabolizability of Ca in broilers regardless of the Ca:P total ratio or broiler sex.
Utilizing tamarind residues in the São Francisco valley: food and nutritional potential
Authors: Silva Emerson Iago Garcia e , Silva Joelma Barbosa da , Albuquerque Janiclecia Macedo , Messias Cristhiane Maria Bazílio de Omena
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT: This performed a technical application of tamarind residues (peel and seeds) in a habitually-consumed food product (cookie) and to verify its sensory and market acceptance. We initially proceeded by preparing the peel flour and roasted seeds by conventional drying. Then, the flours were physico-chemically characterized. Next, the products were prepared; cookies were prepared replacing wheat flour with peel flour (PF0, 15 and 30%), and a second kind of cookie was made by replacing wheat flour with roasted seed flour (SF0, 15 and 30%). Affective tests (hedonic scale, attitude and ordering) and purchase intention were subsequently evaluated to verify sensory acceptability. All cookies generated high energy value. The fiber content was higher in the incorporated formulations compared to the standards. The highest sensorial acceptance mediansfor the peel flour cookies were for the standard cookie and the cookiewith 15% peel flour, which were statistically equivalent. Conversely, the cookie with 30% peel flour had lower medians compared to the others. Other tests also revealed better scores for standard formulations and 15%peel flour. There was no difference in the medians by the hedonic tests, attitude and purchase intentionfor cookies prepared with roasted seeds, presenting scores indicating high sensory and market appreciation. It is concluded that it is possible to incorporate tamarind peel flour and roasted seeds in cookies and add nutritional value, especially at a concentration of 15%.
TREND OF THE HOSPITALIZATIONS DUE TO AMBULATORY CARE SENSITIVE CONDITIONS IN PEDIATRICS IN DISTRITO FEDERAL
Authors: Santos Lorena da Silva Luz , Andrade Flávia Reis de , Stival Marina Morato , Rehem Tania Cristina Morais Santa Barbara
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the trend of hospitalizations due to Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions in Pediatrics in Distrito Federal, during the 2008-2018 period. Method: a time series study conducted between 2008 and 2018 with data from Distrito Federal, Brazil, in the age group from 0 to 14 years old. The data were collected in the SUS Hospital Information System, and they were used to perform trend analyses of the most frequent groups. Results: there was a trend towards a significant increase in hospitalizations in the age group studied, with an annual percentage variation of 1.42% and a confidence interval between 0.05 and 2.81. Four groups of reasons for hospitalization and diagnoses were more frequent in the period, namely: bacterial pneumonias, infectious gastroenteritis and complications, pulmonary diseases, and asthma. Among the most frequent groups, considering the study period, there was a trend towards a significant increase in pulmonary diseases (15.71%; 12.40 and 19.12); a trend towards a significant reduction in infectious gastroenteritis and complications (-5.35%; -8.01 and 2.61); and a stationary trend in bacterial pneumonias (-0.43%; -3.80 and 3.07) and asthma (3.82%; 0.57 and 8.40). Conclusion: the results of this study can contribute to the planning, evaluation and monitoring of primary care actions, as this indicator aims at indirectly evaluating access and effectiveness of this care level. In this sense, considering the results of the trend analysis performed, it can be concluded that they do not yet reflect the expected results with the expansion of FHS coverage.
CONVIVENDO COM ESTOMIA INTESTINAL E A INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA
Authors: Tomasi Andrelise Viana Rosa , Santos Silvia Maria Azevedo dos , Honório Gesilani Júlia da Silva , Girondi Juliana Balbinot Reis
Published: May 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender como o idoso com estomia intestinal vivencia essa situação em conjunto com a incontinência urinária. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, desenvolvida junto a 77 idosos com estomia intestinal atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, em quatro municípios da Região Metropolitana de Florianópolis. A coleta de dados foi realizada de outubro/2019 a fevereiro/2020, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. O referencial teórico utilizado foi a Teoria de Autocuidado de Dorothéa Orem; os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática. Resultados: a análise permitiu a geração de três categorias temáticas: 1) sentimentos gerados pela estomia intestinal e pela incontinência urinária: aceitação, negação, medo, insegurança, constrangimentos vivenciados pela estomia e os sintomas da incontinência urinária; 2) alterações do estilo de vida; 3) déficit na autoimagem. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que para a maioria dos participantes da pesquisa é difícil aceitar a vivência com estomia intestinal e incontinência urinária, que geralmente lhes provocam sentimentos negativos. No entanto, os participantes mostraram-se resilientes e aptos a se adaptar às mudanças no estilo de vida. Muitos desses comportamentos se devem à importante contribuição dos profissionais da saúde em dar-lhes a necessária atenção, estimulando estratégias de autocuidado em ambas as situações.
Confini contesi: chiusure selettive e iniziative solidali
Authors: Ambrosini Maurizio
Published: May 2022

Riassunto. L’articolo si propone due obiettivi. In primo luogo intende approfondire il tema del ritorno dei confini, illustrandone l’articolazione a diversi livelli e il funzionamento selettivo, come effetto di un regime neo-liberale di governo della mobilità umana: un regime che incorpora disuguaglianze profonde nella distribuzione del diritto a muoversi attraverso i confini. Il caso dei respingimenti al confine con la Bosnia e la responsabilità dell’agenzia Frontex verranno approfonditi per illustrare il funzionamento della vigilanza sulle frontiere da parte dell’UE. La pandemia inoltre ha favorito il rafforzamento di misure di restrizione degli accessi dei migranti indesiderati nei paesi sviluppati. In secondo luogo, l’articolo rivolge lo sguardo agli attori e alle iniziative che cercano di aprire spazi di solidarietà e accoglienza nei confronti dei migranti e dei richiedenti asilo, contestando sul piano pratico l’assolutizzazione dei confini e l’esclusione di chi bussa alle porte del Nord del mondo. Tra i molti esempi possibili, ne vengono trattati due: le cosiddette “città santuario” e i corridoi umanitari. A partire da questi esempi sarà sviluppato nelle conclusioni il concetto di “solidarietà contro i confini”.
Las regiones insulares fronterizas en las rutas de la migración marítima irregular. Las Islas Canarias (España) en el tránsito africano hacia Europa
Authors: Godenau Dirk , Zapata Hernández Vicente Manuel
Published: May 2022

Resumen: La pronunciada desigualdad entre las condiciones de vida en los países europeos y africanos, combinado con las políticas migratorias restrictivas implementadas en la frontera sur de la Unión Europea, provocan las migraciones marítimas irregulares a través de diversas rutas que parten de las costas africanas. En estas rutas desempeñan un papel importante algunas islas del Mediterráneo y del Atlántico. Las Islas Canarias, parte de la ruta atlántica del África occidental, están experimentando actualmente un nuevo episodio con gran afluencia de llegadas. El artículo analiza la inserción de las Islas Canarias en la gestión migratoria de la Unión Europea, identifica las causas de la intensificación de las llegadas y describe las dificultades en la acogida y el tránsito de las personas migrantes.
Impacto de la Covid-19 sobre la población migrante residente en Argentina a la luz de las dificultades que obstaculizan su acceso a la salud
Authors: Penchaszadeh Ana Paula , Nicolao Julieta , Debandi Natalia
Published: May 2022

Resumen Este artículo persigue un doble propósito. En primer lugar, presentar los resultados de un trabajo exploratorio que indaga si las personas migrantes se vieron más afectadas que las nacionales por la Covid-19 en Argentina. Para ello, se evalúa el comportamiento de indicadores como el nivel de testeos, contagios y decesos por Covid-19 entre la población nativa y migrante, con base en datos inéditos solicitados a la Dirección Nacional de Epidemiología e Información Estratégica del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, para el período de enero de 2020 y mayo de 2021. En segundo lugar, este artículo busca aproximar un análisis interpretativo de las posibles causas que pueden haber influido en la afectación diferencial encontrada sobre la población migrante. Con este fin, y bajo el supuesto de que la población migrante se encuentra en una situación de desventaja estructural, se trabaja con procesamientos propios de la Encuesta Nacional Migrante de Argentina 2020, así como con un vasto conjunto de estudios académicos complementarios, presentando de manera integral las dificultades directas e indirectas que enfrenta la población migrante para acceder al sistema de salud, un derecho reconocido en la norma incondicionalmente.
INSTITUTIONALIST THINKING AND SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY: UNSETTLING THE LOGICS OF EVERYDAY LIFE
Authors: Veronese Lilian Aracy Affonso , Machado Adriana Marcondes
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT The challenge of this article is to put into perspective the dispute of institutional forces that act in everyday school life, with the aim of analyzing the work of psychologists at school and reflecting about it. The position that supports this work is based on conceptions developed by School Psychology regarding critical analyzes of the psychologist’s practice in schools. We use theoretical-practical tools from the Institutionalist Movement as a way to access, in everyday relationships, the game of establishment the instituting and instituted forces and the effects of naturalization and normalization of the bodies that inhabit this territory. Based on a situation experienced in the school field, we will analyze some institutional forces that demonstrate the need for the school psychologist to keep on the lookout for everyday scenes in which these effects, of naturalization and normalization, are tensioned.
Spitzerian and Bakhtinian Stylistics in the Interpretation of Rabelais’ Works
Authors: Puzzo Miriam Bauab
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to delve deeper into issues of stylistics as addressed in the interpretation of Rabelais’ works, Gargantua and Pantagruel (1532-1564), from Spitzer’s perspective, while looking for related aspects from a Bakhtinian perspective. The principles on which the analysis is based are the concept of style and literature that crosses Spitzer and Bakhtin’s analyses, revealing contrasting aspects in the interpretation of this Rabelaisian work.
Between the Witness and the Word, the Duty to Speak: Testimony as the Object of an Anthropology of the Enunciation
Authors: Bretanha Santiago
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT This work is about the imbrication between writing and testimony, based on the work Retrato calado [Silenced Portrait], by Luiz Roberto Salinas Fortes. Although “evident,” it is a relationship that carries a particularity: the person who writes does so, asking oneself questions about the role of enunciation, about the meanings that the language inscribes about itself and about violence. Based on the principles of the Anthropology of Enunciation, as Flores1 proposes, the analytical gesture carried out assumes linguistics as knowledge about man in his loquens property, specifically at the moment in which one singularizes in/through discourse.
Recognizing the Dialogical Nature of the Landscape: For a Marxist Semiotics
Authors: Soeiro Ítalo César de Moura , Carneiro Ana Rita Sá , Rodrigues Siane Gois Cavalcanti
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT This article aims to defend the dialogical nature of the landscape. Working in between the borders of the Bakhtinian philosophy of language and cultural studies on landscape, we defend that landscape study should not be studied without considering the cultural forms of communication in the different domains of social organization– the speech genres; that landscape is a semiotic encounter with a concrete otherness; that the interpreter who emerges when an area enters a relationship of representation is necessarily characterized as a chronotope; that every landscape is a chronotopic representation; that cultural geography recognizes that the semiotic aspects of the landscape are as material as its morphology. We start from the hypothesis that landscape is a chronotopic representation that is always made possible by means of some speech genre, because it is always a communicative process, and an encounter with another in a situation of socially organized interrelation – it is concrete dialogue. To find the deeper meaning of a landscape, one must recognize and understand its material, historical, geographical, and dialogic nature.
A estilística de Spitzer e a estilística bakhtiniana na interpretação da obra de Rabelais
Authors: Puzzo Miriam Bauab
Published: May 2022

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é aprofundar a questão da estilística na perspectiva de Spitzer, procurando aspectos relacionados com a estilística de Bakhtin, em específico no tratamento dado por ambos à obra de Rabelais Gargântua e Pantagruel (1532-1564). O princípio que fundamenta as análises é a concepção de estilo e de literatura que perpassa as análises de Spitzer e Bakhtin, desvelando aspectos contrastantes na interpretação dessa obra rabelaisiana.
Entre a testemunha e a palavra, o dever falar: o testemunho como objeto de uma Antropologia da Enunciação
Authors: Bretanha Santiago
Published: May 2022

RESUMO Este trabalho versa sobre a imbricação entre escrita e testemunho a partir da obra Retrato Calado, de Luiz Roberto Salinas Fortes. Embora “evidente”, trata-se de uma relação que carrega uma particularidade: aquele que escreve o faz questionando-se sobre o papel de sua enunciação, sobre as significações que a língua inscreve sobre si mesma e sobre a violência. Pautado nos princípios da Antropologia da Enunciação, tal como Flores1 a propõe, o gesto analítico levado a efeito assume a linguística como um conhecimento sobre o homem em sua propriedade loquens, especificamente no instante em que se singulariza no/pelo discurso.
Contexto como espaço de criação e cocriação: um olhar sobre obras de Bakhtin e o Círculo
Authors: Stella Paulo Rogério , Brait Beth
Published: May 2022

RESUMO Este artigo objetiva tratar do sentido de contexto em obras de Bakhtin e o Círculo. O corpus de pesquisa são as edições das obras assinadas por Volóchinov, Bakhtin e Medviédev publicadas no Brasil. Partimos de uma imagem recorrente sobre um espaço de criação e cocriação na produção de sentidos, identificado como comunicação discursiva, sígnica, cultural ou artística. Os resultados demonstram quatro tipos de contextos: o contexto do enunciado na comunicação discursiva cujas fronteiras são locutor e interlocutor; o contexto único e singular na comunicação sígnica tendo como fronteiras a compreensão ativa e a entonação avaliativa; o contexto estético presente na comunicação artística cujas fronteiras são a relação entre autor e contemplador de uma obra de arte, autor e personagens no romance e herói lírico e seu outro na poesia; e o contexto extraverbal na comunicação cultural cujas fronteiras são um ‘eu-nós’ e o acontecimento da existência.
Entre a invisibilidade, o branqueamento discursivo e a hipersexualização: imagens de controle sobre o termo negro e o seu lugar na enunciação
Authors: Reis Narjara Oliveira
Published: May 2022

RESUMO Partindo das premissas de que (1) a palavra em interação manifesta-se enquanto signo ideológico orientado a um auditório social preciso, circunscrito a um dado tempo histórico; (2) de que raça é uma linguagem e (3) de que o deslocamento geográfico envolve um choque entre diferentes sistemas de significação, interpreto dados do processo de tradução cultural para o termo negro, a partir de enunciações de duas aprendizes de língua portuguesa de um curso para mães imigrantes realizado no sul do Brasil. Os dados apresentados foram gerados no âmbito de uma investigação etnográfica em curso1. A discussão aponta para imagens de controle que persistem no imaginário social, a partir de procedimentos de apagamento, de branqueamento discursivo e de hipersexualização do termo negro. Os dados revelam, ainda, que os processos de atribuição de sentidos em torno de raça encontram-se em plena disputa no contexto sócio-histórico atual.
Estudo experimental da compatibilidade entre aditivos químicos e cimento Portland em misturas cimentícias através de calorimetria
Authors: Nunes Jessica Silva , Polesello Eduardo
Published: May 2022

RESUMO Os aditivos químicos, cada vez mais utilizados na construção civil, vêm desempenhando importante papel na tecnologia de materiais cimentícios por modificarem alguns comportamentos de misturas cimentícias, como a trabalhabilidade e retardo ou aceleração de pega. A grande variedade de aditivos disponível necessita o conhecimento de sua compatibilidade quando utilizados com diferentes composições cimentícias, considerando o tipo de aditivo, teor de dosagem e cimento utilizado na mistura. Para tal, o presente estudo visa analisar a compatibilidade da interação entre cimentos e aditivos, através de curvas calorimétricas geradas a partir de um calorímetro semi-adiabático. A análise foi realizada pela produção de pastas resultantes da composição de misturas entre dois tipos de cimento Portland (CPIV e CPV) e cinco aditivos redutores de água, sendo quatro classificados como plastificantes e um como superplastificante, provenientes de fabricantes distintos, e água. As misturas têm relação água/cimento (a/c) fixada em 0,40 e diferentes teores de dosagens dos aditivos: 0,0%, 0,4%, 0,6%, 0,8% e 1,0%. Os resultados mostraram que a presença de aditivo nas pastas cimentícias tem influência no calor de hidratação gerado e nos tempos de início e fim de pega das pastas. A temperatura máxima diminui e ocorre um retardo considerável no início de pega com a incorporação de maiores quantidades de aditivo plastificante nas pastas estudadas, enquanto que para as pastas produzidas com aditivo superplastificante esse retardo expressivo não foi registrado.
Estabilização de solo laterítico utilizando cinza do bagaço da cana de açúcar e cal hidratada
Authors: Lima Ricardo Paganelli de , Jacintho Ana Elisabete Paganelli Guimarães de Avila , Forti Nádia Cazarim da Silva , Pimentel Lia Lorena
Published: May 2022

RESUMO O Estado de São Paulo é referência global no cultivo e na produção de derivados de cana-de-açúcar, nas quais são utilizadas rodovias vicinais, muitas delas não pavimentadas, para o escoamento da safra entre a área da colheita e as usinas de processamento de açúcar e álcool. Para escoar a produção da usina até os centros de distribuição, o transporte rodoviário tem sido o principal meio logístico, tanto do Estado de São Paulo como do Brasil, sendo que apenas 12,4% das rodovias do país são pavimentadas. Além disso, o solo laterítico é o solo mais encontrado em todo o país, sendo frequentemente estabilizados para compor bases e sub-bases de pavimentos, o que eleva os custos das pavimentações. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a estabilização de um solo laterítico (LA) areia com pouca argila laterítica, utilizando as cinzas da queima do bagaço da cana de açúcar, visando possibilitar sua utilização em camadas de pavimentos. A pesquisa realizada coletou amostras do solo e das cinzas, em usina situada na região de Barretos. Foram realizados ensaios normatizados para caracterização e classificação do solo e da cinza. Foram feitas algumas misturas de solo e cinza – cal, para avaliar a estabilização. Os ensaios realizados mostraram um ganho de resistência CBR (Califórnia Bearing Ratio) do solo natural, que inicialmente tinha CBR 40% e após incorporação de 5% de cinza e 2% de cal atingiu CBR 82%, viabilizando desta forma sua utilização em camadas de base de pavimentação.
Briefing: Plexus: Priming Laboratory Experiments on Infrastructure and Urban Systems
Authors: Rogers Christopher D F
Published: May 2022

The UK Collaboratorium for Research on Infrastructure and Cities (UKCRIC) is, with a capital investment of £138 million from the UK government and matched funding from its 15 collaborating partner universities, creating world-class city observatory and modelling and simulation and physical laboratory facilities. This briefing aims to introduce UKCRIC’s formulation, capabilities and core thinking, before describing a programme of work that has linked the 11 laboratory facilities. Priming Laboratory Experiments on Infrastructure and Urban Systems (Plexus) has focused on three important technical challenges – intense physical interdependency of urban infrastructure systems, harvesting energy from buried infrastructure systems and accelerated deterioration of infrastructure materials due to extreme loading – as well as a study of how the large, multidisciplinary research team progressed towards transdisciplinary working. The background context of UKCRIC, its approach to collaborative research and how this has shaped the Plexus research programme provides the starting point to this narrative. Thereafter the underpinning thinking and justification for the four strands of Plexus’s research are described. Finally, the briefing draws these strands together into a proposition for the research, development and implementation of a new generation of transport bridges building on the research reported in this special issue.
An investigation of Al2O3 coating on quartz fiber fabric in aqueous solution near room temperature
Authors: Zhang Yongfu , Xiang Yan , Yang Yunjie , Wei Xiaolin , Ma Ben , Chen Weiwei , Cheng Huanwu , Wang Lu , Lu Lin , Li Maoyuan , Fu Haifeng
Published: May 2022

Quartz fiber fabric is widely used in national defense, military and aerospace industries due to its good high-temperature resistance, chemical stability and excellent thermal shock resistance. However, the tendency of quartz fiber fabric to undergo thermal degradation due to crystallization at high temperature may destroy its high-temperature performance, particularly its high-temperature mechanical properties. In this study, an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) ceramic coating was synthesized on the surface of two-dimensional quartz fiber fabric in aqueous solution near room temperature. The surface morphology and chemical composition were studied to evaluate the quality of the coating by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The annealing behavior at high temperature was evaluated by using an electronic universal testing machine after high-temperature processing. The annealing behavior of the aluminum oxide coating could be improved effectively. The maximum load that the coated fabric can bear was 2.5 times higher than that of the original fabric, proving the superior high-temperature mechanical properties of the coated fabric. The coating on the surface of the fiber could block the damage of high temperature to the quartz fiber, improving the crystallization phenomenon of the quartz fiber at high temperature, followed by improvement in the high-temperature mechanical properties of the fabric.
Targeted Disruption of a Proximal Tubule–Specific TMEM174 Gene in Mice Causes Hyperphosphatemia and Vascular Calcification
Authors: Miyazaki-Anzai Shinobu , Keenan Audrey L. , Blaine Judith , Miyazaki Makoto
Published: May 2022

Significance Statement

Hyperphosphatemia is a major complication in the later stages of CKD, causing vascular calcification. We have identified 54 kidney-enriched genes, 19 of which are expressed in renal primary proximal tubule cells. One of the proximal tubule–specific genes, TMEM174, interacted with NPT2A, and its knockdown attenuated the reduction of NPT2A protein by fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatments in proximal tubule cells. TMEM174 knockout mice had significantly increased levels of serum phosphate, FGF23, and PTH, resulting in vascular calcification.

Background

The proximal tubules play a critical role in phosphate (Pi) homeostasis by reabsorbing Pi via sodium-dependent Pi cotransporters. NPT2A is a major proximal-specific Pi cotransporter, whose expression is regulated by circulating hormones, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). In this study, we aimed to find a novel regulator in Pi homeostasis.

Methods

Using RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analysis, we identified proximal tubule cell–enriched genes. We next used RNAi screening of the identified proximal tubular cell–enriched genes to identify a novel proximal tubule–specific gene that contributes to FGF23- and PTH-mediated inhibition of Pi uptake and NPT2 reduction. We created mice lacking this novel regulator of Pi homeostasis to examine whether the novel regulator contributes to Pi homeostasis in vivo.

Results

We identified 54 kidney-enriched genes, 19 of which are expressed in renal primary proximal tubule cells. One of the proximal tubule–specific genes, TMEM174, interacted with NPT2A, and its knockdown blocked the reduction of NPT2A protein by FGF23 and PTH treatments in human and opossum proximal tubule cells. TMEM174 KO mice had significantly increased levels of serum Pi, FGF23, and PTH, resulting in vascular calcification.

Conclusions

TMEM174 is a novel regulator of Pi homeostasis that interacts with NPT2A.
Expletiveness in grammar and beyond
Authors: Tsiakmakis Evripidis , Espinal M.Teresa
Published: May 2022

This paper sets out to find the defining characteristics of so-called expletive categories and the consequences the existence of such categories has for Universal Grammar. Looking into different instantiations of expletive subjects and impersonal pronouns, definite articles, negative markers and plural markers in various natural languages, we reach the following generalizations: (i) expletive categories are deficient functional elements interpreted as introducing an identity function at the level of semantic representation, (ii) they can be divided into syntactic expletives, that occur to satisfy some syntactic relationship with another item in the clause, and semantic expletives, that stand in a semantic dependency with some c-commanding category, and (iii) expletive categories tend to develop additional meaning components that are computed beyond core grammar, at the level where speech act-related information is encoded. Our discussion reveals that all categories that have been traditionally considered as expletive in the linguistic literature are interpretable in grammar or beyond and, thus, do not violate Chomsky’s Full Interpretation Principle. We conclude that there are no expletive elements in natural languages and that expletiveness is not a grammatically relevant concept.
Observing Amid the Anthropocene: An Excursus in Methodology or the How of Inquiry
Authors: Gilson Cedric Charles
Published: May 2022

Amid complex issues like those of the Anthropocene, choice of methodology in inquiry is critical to assure the validity of an inquiry’s conclusions. Confidence in its success can be gained initially through the exercise of introspection. More importantly, the complexity of inquiry needs to be commensurate with that of the subject. Since ανθρωπός (anthropos) is the cause of environmental deterioration, inquiry must be thematically anthropological and future-orientated towards the evolution of mankind amid technological advance. These themes promulgate modes of observation from which an inquirer can observe empirically. Eventually, with the need for increasing complexity of inquiry, the abilities of such a method of study become exhausted, with epistemology and empiricism consequent casualties. In a leap of theory and inspired by Haraway’s conjecture of the cyborg in posthumanism, the approach then privileges the ontological so that observers instead become beings and exploration of the relationship to the Anthropocene of the human qua human, qua transhuman and so on, can be pursued by moving inside. With the inherent sacrifice of the observing outside(r), the inquirer is deprived of communication. Academe then substitutes as the cerebral, transcendent, inquirer/communicator and survivor of posthumanism amongst beings, sans pareil, through publication and education. Some consequences of this are explored. The author borrows gratefully from Niklas Luhmann’s characterisation of observation in social systems. His assertions concur with the effects of the transformations proposed in the study, including the autopoiesis of the newly-theorised beings.
Investigation of processes in spark gap during contact butt welding of railway rails
Authors: Shevchenko R. A. , Yur’ev A. B. , Kozyrev N. A. , Mikhno A. R.
Published: May 2022

Modern equipment for contact butt welding of railway rails has a huge number of technological parameters (input factors) that affect the quality of the resulting welded joint. These parameters do not allow the optimal welding modes to be fully selected. The study of the processes occurring in the spark gap (formation of microcontacts, increase or decrease in their cross-sectional area, explosion of the resulting microcontacts) will make it possible to determine the amount and uniformity of the invested heat during rail welding. The acquired knowledge will reduce the number of influencing factors on quality of the welded joint. Using a large amount of statistical data, the authors have investigated the processes occurring in the spark gap during contact butt welding of railway rails of R65 type of DT350 category on K1000 rail welding machine. When studying the influence of movable plate movement of the welding machine during reflow on the strength of welding current, it was determined that there is no dependence between these values. The random nature of distribution of the welding current values is assumed, changing as a result of the processes of formation, existence and explosion of a large number of tiny electrical contacts. Based on the analysis of frequency distribution, it is certain that distribution of the spark gap resistance does not correspond to the normal distribution law. As the sample increases, the deviation from it increases; visually the histogram describes the gamma distribution. With the help of the gamma distribution law, the welding current forces during contact butt welding were modeled by reflow. The research results are planned to be used to simulate thermal processes and formation of the structure of weld metal and the zones of thermal influence of railway rails welded joint.
Spatial distribution of aerosol and dust man-made emissions in external influence zone of metallurgical enterprises
Authors: Nurzhanov O. S. , Torokhov G. V. , Chernousov P. I. , Chezganova D. V.
Published: May 2022

The study presents the method for calculating the distribution of dust and aerosol particles entering the external air environment as a result of man-made emissions of metallurgical cycle enterprises. The paper proposes the method for predicting the degree of pollution of the enterprises influence zones by constructing geographical maps-schemes of industrial regions with application of the areas with a high content of dust particles on them. This method is based on determination of the sedimentation time of dust particles of different fractions in atmospheric air using Stokes’ law (motion of solid particles in liquid or gaseous media), the height of dust particles departure from the chimney and the speed of prevailing wind over the studied period of time. The data necessary for the analysis (wind direction, amount of dust emitted, its fractional and chemical compositions) were found in open sources, reports of the enterprise, statistical data of the region and the metallurgical industry. An estimated calculation of the spread of dust emissions was carried out on the example of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works PJSC (MMK) during various annual seasons. It was found that the influence of activity of a metallurgical enterprise in Russia can adversely affect cities and residents of neighboring states that are located in the sedimentation zone of solid dust particles. The issue of transfer of sulfuric and nitric acids by dust particles formed in the pores of aerosol particles is considered. The authors calculated the amount of acid that can be carried into the zones of influence of the enterprise in the pores of solid dust particles. The considered calculation model makes it relatively quick and easy to assess the influence zone of the enterprise, assess risks and take measures to  modernize, optimize the production process or aspiration systems.
Kinetics of Lüders deformation as an autowave process
Authors: Danilov V. I. , Gorbatenko V. V. , Danilova L. V.
Published: May 2022

The authors investigated the nature and kinetics of the moving fronts of localized deformation, which are formed at the elastoplastic transition in materials with dislocation and martensitic micromechanisms of plastic deformation under active tension at different velocity. Digital image correlation was used for registration and quantitative specification of front movement. Attained results were discussed under synergistic approach. A deformed subject is considered as open and far-from-equilibrium system (active medium) containing distributed potential energy source stress, which are microconcentrators. In process of external influence these concentrators relax through microslip and cause a form change of the object itself. Each microconcentrator can be considered as an active element, it has two states: metastable elastically stressed and stable relaxed. In external influence, transition is possible only from the first state to the second. Such elements are characterized as trigger elements and active medium is characterized as a bistable medium. In bistable media, switching autowaves propagate. They represent moving boundaries, which separate metastable and stable states. Within this concept considered fronts of localized deformation can be interpreted as switching autowaves. The study showed that shape and kinetic parameters of fronts of localized deformation do not depend on chemical composition, structure and micromechanisms of deformation, it confirms their autowave nature. On the other hand, the kinetics of switching autowaves should be determined by characteristics of the external influence. Genuinely, velocity of localized deformation fronts increases with deformation velocity. It is found that dependence of these fronts on deformation velocity is non-linear parabolic with index less than one and equally for all examining materials.
Influence of support filler and structure of shell mold on its crack resistance
Authors: Odinokov V. I. , Evstigneev A. I. , Dmitriev E. A. , Chernyshova D. V. , EvstigneevaAnna A. Evstigneeva, Student A. A.
Published: May 2022

Recently, researchers have been paying more and more attention to the influence of internal and external factors on stress state of shell mold (SM). Internal factors should include morphological structure of SM, its types and connections between the contacting layers. External factors should include all types of force and temperature effects on SM external surface. The purpose of this work was to establish the sliding effect of SM internal layers in contact with each other on the level of SM stress state. The mathematical model for determining the stress-strain state (SSS) in the multilayer SM when it is filled with a liquid metal is presented. Moreover, the SM is made in such a way that its layers can slide relative to each other with the presence of friction. This work is a continuation of the recent works of the authors, where the influence of the temperature factor on the studied SM was estimated. At the same time, SM layers have the same physical and mechanical properties. The problem was solved in the same formulation as in the previous works of the authors. The task was set to determine the influence of the support filler (SF) and the clamp in the upper part of SM on SSS in its sections. The influence of SF was estimated by the amount of friction between the outer surfaces of SM and SF. Just as in the previous works of the authors, the linear theory of elasticity, heat conduction equations, and numerical methods were used to solve the problem. On the contact of  SM outer surface with SF surface, the contact problem was solved. Solid phase in the liquid metal during cooling was determined from the equation of interphase transition. Results of the calculations are presented in the form of graphs and plots. It is shown that the absence of friction between the layers reduces the crack resistance of SM multilayer.
Capabilities of grooves forming articulated profiles for rolling – separation technology
Authors: Fastykovskii A. R. , Vakhrolomeev V. A. , Nikitin A. G.
Published: May 2022

The emerging growth of industrial and civil construction in Russia and introduction of new technologies have caused the need to increase the production of construction rolled products and, especially, rebar. One of the ways to increase rebar production at existing mills in the shortest possible time without serious capital investments is the use of rolling – separation technology. For successful implementation of this technology, the conditions for the feasibility of this process are given in this report. New dependences were obtained for determining the longitudinal force provided by the reserve of friction forces during formation of an articulated profile taking into account the profile shape and the conditions of shape change.
Two new taxa of Clethra (Clethraceae: sect. Cuellaria, ser. Tomentosae) from Honduras
Authors: González-Villarreal Luz María
Published: May 2022

Background: As part of the taxonomic revision of the genus Clethra in Central America, two new species from Honduras were discovered. The two new species described here have been confused mainly with C. lanata, C. mexicana and C. salvadorensis.
Question: Are foliar trichomes useful to distinguish species?
Taxon: Species of Clethra.
Study site: Central and southern mountain ranges of Honduras.
Methods: Relevant literature on Clethra was reviewed and specimens from six herbaria were examined. Type material from all morphologically similar species, as well as those taxa with which the two new species have previously been confused were compared.
Results: Clethra albertinae and C. standleyana are described and illustrated as new and endemic species from Honduras, both belong to ser. Tomentosae. Clethra albertinae is most closely related to C. licanioides, a species endemic to Guatemala, and C. standleyana is most closely related to C. nicaraguensis, a widespread species that occurs from Mexico (Chiapas) to Nicaragua. Based on the IUCN Red List a conservation assessment of Vulnerable and Endangered is recommended for both new species. An updated list and key to the nine species of Clethra for the flora of Honduras is proposed.
Conclusions: The foliar trichomes turned out to be diagnostic and in combination with characters of the inflorescences can used to separate of all Honduran species of Clethra. In Central America, Honduras is the third country with most species rich of this genus after Guatemala and Costa Rica.