bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analysis in Automobile Chassis Design
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Quang
Published: March 2019

The chassis is the backbone of all automobiles. In passenger cars and buses, the chassis forms the basic shape of the vehicles and ensures the safety of passengers as well as transported goods. Most chassis have the frame structure and is manufactured using stamping and cold rolled technology to enhance the required rigidity. One of the most important criteria that chassis manufacturers consider during the design process is structural integrity: preventing failure while optimizing the use of materials. Traditional design methods requiring hand-calculations as well as experiments are less desirable because of the rising cost and time. Nowadays, with the development of numerical methods, computer capabilities and computer-aided engineering (CAE) overall, the design process has become much more efficient. This paper presents a procedure to simulate the complex dynamics of a 29-seat bus chassis using finite elements analysis in Ansys software. The results of this simulation are then used to verify the structural integrity of the chassis and support design optimizations.
Model Design and Numerical Simulation for Plastic Recycle Machine
Authors: Phuong Ngo Anh , Tung Ho Thanh , Huy Phan Tan , Guidat Thomas , Tran Thanh T. , Hieu Do Huynh Minh
Published: March 2019

One of the biggest environmental challenges of Vietnam is plastic wastes without recycling such as bottle, cans, plastic bag. The Vietnamese government have recognized these problems and called the reforming campaign to develop the sustainable technology to re-producing the wasted plastic. Thus, this research aims to contribute to deal with the issue by designing a plastic recycling machine. To satisfy domestic market of over 120 units at the first time, this research attempted to make a small machine at a low cost, but its throughput still reaches about 8kg plastic/hour and it can run within 16 consecutive hours a day. Hence, most of components is expected to be supplied by local vendors. As the result, the product price as well as maintenance cost is anticipated to be reduced. With the aim to produce the automated machine can incorporate continuous raw materials flow and at the same time move melted plastic in screw conveyor as defined by the regulation of the Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) with timer to detect a velocity of melted plastic which come out from a nozzle of the screw conveyor and go to a mold. The hydraulic pressure, then, applies force to compressing and forming products. There are potential risks that can happen in fact, to deal with them. That is a reason Computer aid engineering and Finite element method modeling were conducted to make sure the force pressed in mold sufficiently and controlled the thickness of production as customer requirements.
Mechanical Properties of SS400 Steel Plate at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Vuong Gia Hai , Thi Hong Minh Nguyen , Duc Toan Nguyen
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the experimental test results on mechanical properties of steel plate grade SS400 at elevated temperatures. The steel is often used as structural steel due to its weldability and machinability. The steel plates were heated by a high frequency heating system to reach specific temperatures before being tested on a tensile testing machine. Five different temperature conditions were used, namely room temperature, 100°C, 300°C, 500°C and 600°C. The data of mechanical properties measured for SS400 steel plates at various temperature conditions were recorded and analysed. The research showed that when the temperature is increased, the force in tensile test is decreased while the strain is increased. The observation and the data were then used to setup the stress – strain – temperature relation for formability study of SS400 steel plates. The same method can be used to establish the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
Snow Utilization as Cold Heat Source - Advantages and Features
Authors: Kamimura Seiji , Ito Yoshiomi
Published: March 2019

In the summer of 2014, the air-conditioning performance of four different snow-utilizing facilities in Niigata and Nagano Prefectures in Japan were evaluated. Systems with a snow storeroom, a rice depot and spa resort, showed the advantages of stable and flexible air temperature control with high deodorizing and dedusting effects. The investment will be earned back in less than 10 years. The system with a snow mound, shiitake mushroom greenhouses, showed that the annual cost is cheaper than that of the heat pump unit. A highway lavatory with daily snow delivery was not cost effective.
Continuous Improvement of Productivity and Quality with Lean Six-Sigma: A Case Study
Authors: Minh Ly Duc , Ni Vo Thi Hoang , Hien Do Ngoc
Published: March 2019

Continuous improvement of productivity and quality is a potential requirement of any competitive organization. Lean six-sigma is known as the useful and popular method to do it. In this paper, a case study in the mechanical manufacturing process would be presented as a successful implementation. The seven quality control tools would be integrated in specific systematic steps of the PDCA cycle and DMAIC process, and lean technology. The case study shows the promising results on improvement of productivity and quality of a mechanical production line. It could be considered to implement for other production or assembly line in other fields such as electronic assembly line, garment line, and furnitune assembly line.
Asian Agriculture Growth Strategy
Authors: Ito Nobutaka
Published: March 2019

It can be easily guessed that food issue will be the next upcoming global issue for humans considering the current situation of drastic increase of world human population. Asia is one of the regions which is specifically famous and popular for agricultural production, therefore the important role of Asia to play to the world may be the increase of food production and the supply for feeding the people facing to hunger and poverty. The author proposed the project named Asia Food Project attached with Asia Techno Farm Initiative, practical OJT (On the Job Training) program to achieve the final goal of making Asia as the world food pantry and to create the original Asia food brand.
In this paper the importance of applying high technology based smart agriculture consisting of mainly precision agriculture, robotics and green factory is discussed as the important program content including the achievement process how to follow the steps of proposed procedure,.
Producing of Carbon Fibers from Commercial Viscose Fibers
Authors: Nguyen Huu Son , Vu Le Hoang , Pham Van Cuong , La Xuan Thao , Le Thai Hung
Published: March 2019

In this work, commercial Viscose fibers (cellulosic based precursor) were used for making carbon fibers. The experimental procedures include two main steps: Stabilization in air atmosphere and Carbonization in inert gas atmosphere. In the first step, the Viscose fibers are stabilized with the catalyst of mixture urea/diamonium hydrogen phosphate in air at temperature of 250 °C. The stabilized fibers are then carbonized in argon at heating rates of 3 °C.min-1 (below 600 °C) and 5 °C.min-1 (above 600 °C). Ultimate carbonization temperature is 1200 °C. Commercial Viscose fibers possessed carbon content about 40 wt% and fiber dimension is approximately 18 μm. After carbonization, obtained fibers have carbon content above 94 wt% and diameter of about 8μm. The Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA), Carbon analysis, SEM imaging and XRD analysis are used for this study.
Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on Increasing Embossing Speed during Hot Glass Embossing Process
Authors: Nguyen Lan Phuong , Wu Ming Hui , Hung Ching Hua
Published: March 2019

Nowadays, microstructures have an important role in optical products as well as in optical systems. Beside machining methods, hot glass embossing is recently a novel technology to manufacture microstructures in optical components with high quality and low cost. Especially, this technology has been assisted efficiently by ultrasonic vibration. Previous studies showed that high energy of ultrasonic vibration would lead to the temperature rise inside the glass so that the material was easily embossed into the microcavities on the mold. Thus, micro-formability of glass material has been especially improved efficiently. However, there were no studies focusing on effect of ultrasonic vibration on embossing speed in this process. Therefore, this work is aimed to utilize ultrasonic vibration to improve the embossing speed of hot glass embossing process. K-PSK100 optical glass was used as the material for all experiments. Pyramid array with size of 30 × 30 × 20 μm and period of 150 μm was created on the mold. Microstructure hot embossing experiments were conducted for both conventional process (without ultrasonic vibration) and ultrasonic vibration-assisted process (frequency of 35 kHz and amplitude of 3 μm). By fixing the embossing temperature of 430 °C, the embossing speeds of 0.05 mm/min, 0.10 mm/min and 0.15 mm/min were applied, respectively. Experimental results showed that in case of conventional process, the faster embossing speed, the smaller final height of pyramid structures. Nevertheless, this obstacle was resolved by ultrasonic vibration. Under heating effect of ultrasonic vibration, the glass still filled well into the pyramid cavities on the mold even when the high embossing speed was applied. Measurements indicated that in the same experimental conditions (temperature and speed), ultrasonic vibration could improve the filling ability of the glass to 18 %. This finding could be used to optimize the experimental conditions to increase the productivity of the microstructure hot glass embossing process.
Optimizing Fail-Safe Use of Complex Medical Devices
Authors: Hercules Patricia , Shabot M. Michael , Ryan Teresa , Ratcliff Susan
Published: March 2019

As part of its comprehensive journey toward high reliability, Memorial Hermann Health System has implemented multiple patient safety initiatives. An instance of actual patient harm due to staff unfamiliarity with a medical device triggered a project to ensure the competence of clinical staff in the operation of all approved new and updated medical devices. Medical devices are classified by level of risk to patients if caregivers are not reliably educated. Educational rigor, with tracking and accountability management, is then scaled to that risk assessment. The objective is to decrease safety events related to use of medical devices by ensuring failure-free medical device use. An interdisciplinary team was created to design a “fail-safe” process to analyze and scale training for use of medical devices, with a risk assessment tool predicting the potential severity and frequency of harm to patients. The fail-safe process became an approved procedure and practice standard at the institution.
A practical approach for a comprehensive evaluation and management of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pieralli Filippo , Crociani Andrea , Bazzini Cristina
Published: March 2019

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a very common disease, encountered in nearly one third of patients admitted to Internal Medicine Units. The discharge from the hospital is a crucial moment for patients with chronic and complex diseases such as DM and also for the caregiver. After hospital admission, therapeutic modifications with respect to usual therapy might have occurred, and shift to insulin therapy during admission occurs in the majority of patients. Therefore, treatment with insulin needs education of the patient and/or the caregiver for the correct drug administration and treatment of related side effects, mainly hypoglycemia. We believe that a very practical and mnemonic approach can help the clinician in the management of the delicate phase of hospital discharge of the diabetic patient.
Evaluation of renal function in clinical practice: the basics
Authors: Casola Alessia , Jordana Sanchez Maria del Mar , Detrenis Simona , Bianchi Laura , Pioli Sarah , Spagnoli Francesca , Meschi Michele
Published: March 2019

The evaluation of renal function in Internal Medicine plays an important role in the staging and prognosis of chronic kidney disease, but also for the daily clinical activity (for example, dosage of drugs). This review describes the options for estimating renal function that are currently in use, underlining limits and indications.
Simulation in Medical Education
Authors: So Hing Yu , Chen Phoon Ping , Wong George Kwok Chu , Chan Tony Tung Ning
Published: March 2019

Simulation is a method or technique to produce an experience without going through the real event. There are multiple elements to consider for a simulation programme, and technology is only one of the many dimensions. The ultimate goal is to engage learners to experience the simulated scenario followed by effective feedback and debriefing. Simulation is a useful modality to supplement training in real clinical situations because it enables control over the sequence of tasks offered to learners, provides opportunities to offer support and guidance to learners, prevents unsafe and dangerous situations, and creates tasks that rarely occur in the real world. It is also an effective method for interprofessional education. To use simulation effectively for education, particularly interprofessional team training, adult learning theory needs to be applied and effective feedback given. Future development in simulation depends on overcoming issues related to technology, research, cost and faculty development.
Neurosurgery in Aberdeen Royal Infirmary C. 1920– C.1940: Knowledge, Skills and Styles
Authors: Newall Nicola , Bodkin Peter
Published: March 2019

A neurosurgical unit was established in Aberdeen Royal Infirmary (ARI) in 1948 with the appointment of Martin Nichols as its first full-time neurosurgeon. Despite there being no formal neurosurgical ward or specialist dedicated to neurosurgery in ARI prior to this, a number of neurosurgical procedures were undertaken between 1920 and 1940. From 1923 to 1932, the procedures were predominantly cranial and were performed by general surgeons. The operations evolved in 1933 to include the spine and peripheral nerves after the arrival of Sir James Learmonth. This paper chronicles the development of surgical neurology at the ARI in the 30 years preceding a formal unit. It considers the factors and background that enabled neurosurgical practices to be undertaken and led to evolution of neurosurgery from general surgery.
Satellite inference of water vapor and aerosol-above-cloud combined effect on radiative budget and cloud top processes in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Deaconu Lucia T. , Ferlay Nicolas , Waquet Fabien , Peers Fanny , Thieuleux François , Goloub Philippe
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Aerosols have a direct effect on the Earth's radiative budget and can also affect the cloud development and lifetime. The aerosols above clouds (AAC) are particularly associated with high uncertainties in global climate models. Therefore, it is prerequisite to improve the description and understanding of these situations. During the austral winter, large loadings of biomass burning aerosols originating from fires in the southern African subcontinent are lifted and transported long distances westwards, across the Southeast Atlantic Ocean. The negligible wet scavenging of these absorbing aerosols leads to a near-persistent smoke layer above one of the largest stratocumulus cloud deck on the planet. Therefore, the Southeast Atlantic region is a very important area for studying the impact of above cloud absorbing aerosols, their radiative forcing and their possible effects on clouds. In this study we aim to analyse and quantify the effect of smoke loadings on cloud properties using a synergy of different remote sensing technics from A-Train retrievals (methods based on the passive instruments POLDER and MODIS and the operational method of the spaceborne lidar CALIOP), collocated with ERA-Interim re-analysis meteorological profiles. To analyse the possible mechanisms of AACs effects on cloud properties, we developed a high and low aerosol loading approach, that consists in evaluating the change in radiative quantities (i.e. cloud top cooling, heating rate vertical profiles) and cloud properties with the smoke loading. During this analysis, we account for the variation in the meteorological conditions over our sample area. The results show that the region we focus on is primarily under the energetic influence of absorbing aerosols, leading to a significant positive shortwave direct effect at the top of the atmosphere. For larger loads of AACs, clouds are optically thicker, with an increase in liquid water path of 20 g m−2 and lower cloud top altitudes by 100 m. These results do not contradict the semi-direct effect of above cloud aerosols, explored in previous studies. Furthermore, we observe a strong correlation between the aerosol and the water vapor loadings, which has to be accounted for. A detailed analysis of the heating rates shows that the absorbing aerosols are 90 % responsible for warming the ambient air where they reside, with approximately + 5.7 K/day, while the accompanying water vapour above clouds has a longwave effect of + 4.7 K/day (equivalent to 7 % decrease) on the cloud top cooling. We infer that this decreased cloud top cooling in particular, in addition with the higher humidity above the clouds, might modify the cloud top entrainment rate and its effect, leading to thicker clouds. Therefore, smoke (the combination of aerosol and water vapor) events would have the potential to modify and probably reinforce the underlaying cloud cover.
Inter-comparison between the Aerosol Optical Properties Retrieved by Different Inversion Methods from SKYNET Sky Radiometer Observations over Qionghai and Yucheng in China
Authors: Jiang Zhe , Duan Minzheng , Che Huizheng , Zhang Wenxing , Nakajima Teruyuki , Hashimoto Makiko , Chen Bin , Yamazaki Akihiro
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This study analyzed the aerosol optical properties derived by SKYRAD.pack versions 5.0 and 4.2 using the radiometer measurements over Qionghai and Yucheng in China, two new sites of the sky radiometer network (SKYNET). The volume size distribution retrieved by V5.0 presented bimodal patterns with a 0.1–0.2 μm fine particle mode and a 5–6 μm coarse particle mode both over Qionghai and Yucheng. The differences of the volume size distributions between the two versions were very large for the coarse mode with a radius of over 5 μm. The mean values of single scattering albedo (SSA) at 500 nm retrieved from V5.0 were approximately 0.02 lower, but 0.03 higher than those from V4.2 in Qionghai and Yucheng, respectively. The average imaginary part of the complex refractive index (mi) retrieved from V5.0 at all wavelengths was systemically higher than those by V4.2 over Qionghai. Moreover, the differences between the real parts of the complex refractive index (mr) obtained using the two versions were within 4.25 % both at Yucheng and Qionghai. The seasonal variability of the aerosol properties over Qionghai and Yucheng were investigated based on SKYRAD.pack V5.0. The seasonal average SSA during the winter was larger than those in other seasons in Yucheng, while the lowest SSA values occurred in winter over Qionghai. Meanwhile, the mr showed a minimum in winter over both sites. The results can provide validation data in China for SKYNET to continue improving the data-processing and inversion method. The results provide valuable references for continued improvement of the retrieval algorithms of SKYNET and other aerosol observational networks.
Comparison of GNSS integrated water vapor and NWM reanalysis data over Central and South America
Authors: Fernández Laura Isabel , Meza Amalia Margarita , Natali María Paula , Bianchi Clara Eugenia
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We compared and analyzed data of vertically Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) from two different re-analysis models (ERA-Interim from ECMWF and MERRA-2 from NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office) with respect to IWV values from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) at 53 stations of Central and South America during the 7-year period from January 2007 till December 2013. The comparison was performed taking into account the geopotential height differences between each GNSS station and the correspondent values assigned by the models. Thus, the set of GNSS stations was divided into 3 groups: Small, Large and Critical height difference stations. Moreover, the performance of the re-analysis models was also analyzed by using an additional classification of three levels according to the mean IWV (IWV) value expected at the station: IWV > 30 kg m−2, 12 kg m−2 ⩽ IWV ⩽ 30 kg m−2 and IWV
Spring and summer time ozone and solar ultraviolet radiation variations over Cape Point, South Africa
Authors: du Preez David J. , Ajtić Jelena V. , Bencherif Hassan , Bègue Nelson , Cadet Jean-Maurice , Wright Caradee Y.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The correlation between solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) and atmospheric
ozone is well understood. Decreased stratospheric ozone levels which led to
increased solar UV radiation levels at the surface have been recorded. These
increased levels of solar UV radiation have potential negative impacts on
public health. This study was done to determine whether the break-up of the
Antarctic ozone hole has an impact on stratospheric columnar ozone (SCO) and
resulting ambient solar UV-B radiation levels at Cape Point, South Africa,
over 2007–2016. We investigated the correlations between UV index,
calculated from ground-based solar UV-B radiation measurements and
satellite-retrieved column ozone data. The strongest anti-correlation on
clear-sky days was found at solar zenith angle 25∘ with exponential
fit R2 values of 0.45 and 0.53 for total ozone column and SCO,
respectively. An average radiation amplification factor of 0.59 across all
SZAs was calculated for clear-sky days. The MIMOSA-CHIM model showed that the
polar vortex had a limited effect on ozone levels. Tropical air masses more
frequently affect the study site, and this requires further investigation.
A multi-model analysis of teleconnected crop yield variability in a range of cropping systems
Authors: Heino Matias , Guillaume Joseph H. A. , Müller Christoph , Iizumi Toshichika , Kummu Matti
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Climate oscillations are periodically fluctuating oceanic and atmospheric phenomena, which are related to variations in weather patterns and crop yields worldwide. In terms of crop production, the most widespread impacts have been observed for the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which has been found to impact crop yields in all continents that produce crops, while two other climate oscillations – the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) – have been shown to impact crop production especially in Australia and Europe, respectively. In this study, we analyse the impacts of ENSO, IOD and NAO on the growing conditions of maize, rice, soybean and wheat at the global scale, by utilizing crop yield data from an ensemble of global gridded crop models simulated for a range of crop management scenarios. Our results show that simulated crop yield variability is correlated to climate oscillations to a wide extent (up to almost half of all maize and wheat harvested areas for ENSO) and in several important crop producing areas, e.g. in North America (ENSO, wheat), Australia (IOD & ENSO, wheat) and northern South America (ENSO, soybean). Further, our analyses show that higher sensitivity to these oscillations can be observed for rainfed, and fully fertilized scenarios, while the sensitivity tends to be lower if crops are fully irrigated. Since, the development of ENSO, IOD and NAO can be reliably forecasted in advance, a better understanding about the relationship between crop production and these climate oscillations can improve the resilience of the global food system to climate related shocks.
Assessing the influence of soil freeze-thaw cycles on catchment water storage – flux – age interactions using a tracer-aided ecohydrological model
Authors: Smith Aaron A. , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Laudon Hjalmar , Maneta Marco , Soulsby Chris
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Ecohydrological models are powerful tools to quantify the effects that independent fluxes may have on catchment storage dynamics. Here, we adapted the tracer-aided ecohydrological model, EcH2O-iso, for cold regions with the explicit conceptualisation of dynamic soil freeze-thaw processes. We tested the model at the data-rich Krycklan site in northern Sweden with multi-criteria calibration using discharge, stream isotopes and soil moisture in 3 nested catchments. We utilized the model’s incorporation of ecohydrological partitioning to evaluate the effect of soil frost on evaporation and transpiration water ages, and thereby the age of source waters. The simulation of stream discharge, isotopes, and soil moisture variability captured the seasonal dynamics at all three stream sites and both soil sites, with notable reductions in discharge and soil moisture during the winter months due to the development of the frost front. Stream isotope simulations reproduced the response to the isotopically-depleted pulse of spring snowmelt. The soil frost dynamics adequately captured the spatial differences in the freezing-front throughout the winter period, despite no direct calibration of soil frost to measured soil temperature. The simulated soil frost indicated a maximum freeze-depth of 0.25 m below forest vegetation. Water ages of evaporation and transpiration reflect the influence of snowmelt-inputs, with a high proclivity of old water (pre-winter storage) at the beginning of the growing season and a mix of snowmelt and precipitation (young water) toward the end of the summer. Soil frost had an early season influence of the transpiration water ages, with water pre-dating the snowpack mainly sustaining vegetation at the start of the growing season. Given the long-term expected change in the energy-balance of northern climates, the approach presented provides a framework for quantifying the interactions of ecohydrological fluxes and waters stored in the soil and understanding how these may be impacted in future.
Near-surface structure of the North Anatolian Fault zone from Rayleigh and Love wave tomography using ambient seismic noise
Authors: Taylor George , Rost Sebastian , Houseman Gregory A. , Hillers Gregor
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We use observations of surface waves in the ambient noise field recorded at a
dense seismic array to image the North Anatolian Fault zone (NAFZ) in the
region of the 1999 magnitude 7.6 Izmit earthquake in western Turkey. The NAFZ
is a major strike-slip fault system extending ∼1200 km across northern
Turkey that poses a high level of seismic hazard, particularly to the city of
Istanbul. We obtain maps of phase velocity variation using surface wave
tomography applied to Rayleigh and Love waves and construct high-resolution
images of S-wave velocity in the upper 10 km of a 70 × 30 km
region around Lake Sapanca. We observe low S-wave velocities (<2.5 km s−1) associated with the Adapazari and Pamukova sedimentary
basins, as well as the northern branch of the NAFZ. In the Armutlu Block,
between the two major branches of the NAFZ, we image higher velocities (>3.2 km s−1) associated with a shallow crystalline basement. We
measure azimuthal anisotropy in our phase velocity observations, with the
fast direction seeming to align with the strike of the fault at periods
shorter than 4 s. At longer periods up to 10 s, the fast direction aligns
with the direction of maximum extension for the region (∼45∘).
The signatures of both the northern and southern branches of the NAFZ are
clearly associated with strong gradients in seismic velocity that also denote
the boundaries of major tectonic units. Our results support the conclusion
that the development of the NAFZ has exploited this pre-existing contrast in
physical properties.
Mandatory Data Breach Notification and Hacking the Smart Home: A Legal Response to Cybersecurity?
Authors: Pattanasri Thanaphol
Published: March 2019

This paper will investigate whether the Australian legal and regulatory framework sufficiently addresses cybersecurity concerns particular to the smart home. Specifically, the paper will analyse the extent to which the introduction of the data breach notification scheme in Australia will apply to smart home device manufacturers regulated by the federal Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) regarding device breaches. By examining Australian Privacy Principle 11 and the introduction of mandatory data breach notification, the paper aims to determine whether the Australian privacy model of Principles-Based Regulation is capable of providing a market-based solution to cybersecurity concerns in the smart home.
Land Expropriation and Compensation Process Among Development Induced Displaced Households: The Case of Dejen Woreda Rural Kebeles
Authors: Siltan Demeke
Published: March 2019

Development-induced projects are factor for involuntary migration to urban areas for the search of better employment raised the rate of vulnerability for socio-economic inequalities. The aim of this study was to explore land expropriation process and Compensation issues among development induced displaced households. The study employed mixed methods approach. Quantitative data were gathered through structured questionnaire and qualitative data were collected via interview and focus group discussion. By using Census survey a total of 162 displaced households participated in the study. The finding revealed that majority of the households (87.8%) did not participate Invitation on public meetings 84.0% did not Participation in the land valuation process and almost all 95.5% did not Participation in inventory of Assets. In addition 85.9% of the respondents did not assume that the valuation process was transparent. The fining also revealed that the amount of money paid as compensation for the displaced households is not fair/ enough as compared with what they lose. Therefore the government should provide fair amount of compensation for households who lost their land because of deemed development projects.
From a Guided Teacher into Leader: A Three-Stage Professional Development (TSPD) Model for Empowering Teachers
Authors: Abramovich Anat , Miedijensky Shirely
Published: March 2019

A three-stage professional development (TSPD) model for training experienced teachers to become teachers’ leaders is presented here, along with a study assessing its value. The three stages of the model are:  a “basic training” stage, a “master-teacher” stage, and an “independent implementation” stage. This qualitative study included open questionnaires and interviews of participants and course leader after the various stages. Statements were classified accordingly to three main themes: ‘teachers as pedagogues’, ‘teachers’ involvement in environmental science (ES) community’, and ‘teachers’ as leaders’. Results show that participating in the TSPD course enabled teachers to unify into one coherent community with similar goals, increased their self-confidence, empowered them as teachers by improving classroom function, and intensified their abilities to act as teachers’ leaders. This model, although tested on environmental science teachers, is applicable to any teacher community.
Dry Matter and Macronutrient Accumulation in Digitaria insularis Biotypes Susceptible and Resistant to Glyphosate
Authors: Cesarin Anne Elise , Martins Pedro Figueiredo Rocha Barbosa , Barroso Arthur Arrobas Martins , Carrega Willians César , Alves Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar , Bianco Silvano
Published: March 2019

Herbicide resistant is associated with morphological, physiological and metabolic alterations in weeds. These alterations may reflect changes in the nutritional status of resistant plants and their growth it can be inferred in greater adaptability and competitive ability of the resistant biotypes. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the dry matter and macronutrient accumulation and distribution by glyphosate-resistant and susceptible plants of Digitaria insularis (sourgrass), growing under mineral nutrition standard conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized, with eleven treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of evaluation periods at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150 and 165 days after emergence (DAE). The average time for maximum theoretical accumulation (PtMax) and for inflection points of dry mass and macronutrient were lower for susceptible (133 DAE; 99 DAE) than for resistant biotype (141 DAE; 105 DAE). However, considering the average time obtained by susceptible, dry mass (g) and macronutrients (mg) accumulation was always higher for resistant biotype. The decreasing sequence of nutrient accumulation was similar for both sourgrass biotypes: K, N, Ca, Mg, P and S.
Complex of Natural Enemies Associated With Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) on Sugarcane in Brazil
Authors: Cruz Maiara A. , Peronti Ana Lúcia B. G. , Martinelli Nilza M. , Costa Valmir A. , Ignácio Gabriela P. , Almeida Lucia M. de
Published: March 2019

A survey of the natural enemies of Aclerda takahashii (Kuwana, 1932) (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was carried out in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of ten associations were recorded, six parasitoid-host and four predator-prey, which three are new: parasitoids of the genus Eurytoma (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and Hambletonia (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) associated with A. takahashii and S. sacchari, respectively; and the predator of the genus Diadiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) with a S. sacchari. Anagyrus saccharicola Timberlake, 1932 and Mariola flava Noyes, 1980 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are reported for the first time in Brazil.
Evaluation of Vegetative Growth, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Essential Oil of Peppermint Under Water Regimes
Authors: Silva Diogo Mendes da , Bertolucci Suzan Kelly Vilela , Aazza Smail , Carvalho Alexandre Alves de , Mendonça Simony Carvalho , Silva Thaís Cristina , Pinto José Eduardo Brasil Pereira
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the vegetative growth of Mentha piperita L. cultivated under different water availability, as well its influence in content, chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of its essential oil. Plants were propagated by mother plants microcutting and scions were transplanted to 5 L pots with soil and cattle manure. Afterward, were kept at field capacity for 30 days and under treatment for 40 days. It was treated with different levels of water deficit treatments: (T1): 100 of field capacity (FC); (T2): 80 of FC; (T3): 60 of FC; (T4) 40 of FC with 5 blocks. Vegetative growth was evaluated by dry matter contents of all part of plants and by root/aerial rate. The essential oil of the leaves was extracted by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS and in vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated. A significant decrease in the dry matter of leaves and stems accompanied with a decrease in the roots dry matter was observed with an increase in the water stress. Quantitative chemical differences were observed in the chemical composition of the essential oil, according water availability. Total antioxidant activity showed a gradual increase as water stress progressed.
Association of Herbicides for Management of Weed Plants in Pre-emergence of Soybean Culture
Authors: Santin Carlos Orestes , Giacomin Everton , Galon Leandro , Menegat André Dalponte , Rossetto Emanuel Rodrigo de Oliveira , Franceschetti Milena Barretta , Bagnara Maico André Michelon , Silva Antônio Marcos Loureiro da , Tonin Rodrigo José , Brunetto Leonardo , Forte César Tiago
Published: March 2019

One of the big challenges to the soybean cultivation is the control of weed plants, because of the competitive potential that they presente and the resistance index in relation to the herbicides. In front of this, the work had as objective to evaluate the mix of herbicides in tanks to initial control of weed plants in the soybean culture. The experiment was installed in field in sistem of no-tillage in an área that presented the cultute of the wheat as precedente. The design used was that one of randomized blocks, with four repetitions. The herbicide’s treatments used in the test were: glyphosate, glyphosate + (diuron+sulfentrazone), glyphosate + diclosulam, glyphosate + (imazethapyr + flumioxazin), glyphosate + flumioxazin, glyphosate + 2,4-D, glyphosate + S-metolachlor, amônio-glufosinate + (diuron + sulfentrazone). The variable used was phytotoxicity in the culture, weed plants’ control Urochloa plantaginea and Raphanus sp., thousand grains weight and productivity of the soybean. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and the compared averages by the Scott-Knott test, in 5% of error probability. The phytotoxicity caused by the herbicides in the culture is not significative in the point of decrease the grains yield. The herbicides that presented better control of U. plantaginea were the associations of glyphosate with diuron + sulfetrazone, imazethapyr + flumioxazin and s-metolaclhor. Already in the control of Raphanus sp., the association of diclosulam and imazethapyr + flumioxazin with glyphosate presents results next of 100% of control. The variable thousand grains weight it was not affected by the association of the herbicides. In relation to the soybean grains productivity the herbicides (glyphosate + diclosulam and glyphosate + (imazethapyr + flumioxazin)) that provide low phytotoxicity and high control of the weed plants had their productivity compared to the weeded control.
Cause-and-Effect Relationships in Dry Beans Cultivars Yield Components Under Crop-Livestock System Management
Authors: Kobata Sarha G. K. , Bortolli Betania B. de , Dums Heloíze , Bortolli Marcos A. de , Assmann Tangriani S. , Pavan Amanda , Soares André B.
Published: March 2019

In order to identify the contribution of yield components to the final yield of dry beans, two widely adopted cultivars (IAC Milênio, and IPR Tuiuiú) were evaluated under nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1) in a crop-livestock system. Experiments were conducted under a randomized complete block with three replications design during two years (2016 and 2017) which were split in two cropping phases. A subplot factorial scheme of grazing heights by nitrogen fertilization (grains crops or pasture) was used. Dry beans crops were fertilized during the summer and yield components evaluated along with yield measurements. Descriptive and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyses were performed and followed by path analysis to explain the interrelationship between yield components (explanatory traits) and yield (main trait). For IAC Milenio in 2016 cultivated as a second crop the main trait influencing yield the number of seeds per plant through direct and indirect effect of other traits, regardless of the topdressing nitrogen level applied. In 2017, a greater number of significant correlations was found for the IPR Tuiuiú cultivar. The number of pods per plant was the trait that affected yield most all nitrogen levels.
Illeïtat, turisme i urbanització a les Illes Balears
Authors: Pons Esteva Antoni
Published: March 2019

Dos factors clau han condicionat l’artificialització del sòl a les Illes Balears: la illeïtat, funció lligada al fet insular, i el turisme. La illeïtat, entesa en termes de desconnexió respecte al continent i de mida reduïda a les illes, ha condicionat un grau més baix d’urbanització de la costa balear respecte a la de les regions continentals de l’àrea mediterrània. A part d’això, les illes més grans, com ara Mallorca, i les més ben comunicades amb l’exterior, com ara Mallorca o Eivissa, han assolit uns graus més elevats d’urbanització que aquelles més petites, com ara Formentera, o més mal comunicades, com ara Menorca o Formentera. La condició insular, en canvi, ha estat un factor d’atracció de visitants. Les illes són importants destinacions turístiques i en aquest sentit les Balears constitueixen un dels principals centres d’interès de la Mediterrània. El turisme requereix espais de producció, en conseqüència, l’artificialització del litoral esdevé una mesura que en reflecteix el grau de pressió que pateix.
Lefebvre en Barcelona: trialéctica e itinerarios industriales en Poblenou
Authors: Limón López Pedro , González García Sergio Claudio
Published: March 2019

En los últimos años, la configuración de itinerarios ha sido una de las políticas urbanas más importantes en lo concerniente a los imaginarios y a las prácticas de aprendizaje de la ciudad. Así, la dimensión espacial es interiorizada como parte inextricable de la experiencia de socialización histórica del barrio. Dicho aprendizaje practicado del espacio estaría en confluencia con otros modos de aprenderlo, fundamentalmente desde una visión geométrica y representacional de este. De ese modo, mediante el análisis de la puesta en marcha de itinerarios institucionales y contraitinerarios vecinales vinculados al proceso de renovación urbana 22@ en el barrio barcelonés de Poblenou, a partir de la perspectiva trialéctica, este trabajo intenta mostrar cómo, en situaciones concretas, determinados espacios urbanos son reapropiados y redefinidos al servicio de diferentes agentes políticos, lo que transforma los significados del barrio, las formas de imaginar el territorio urbano y la misma concepción geográfica de la praxis política en la ciudad.
ABOUT THE PLACE AND ROLE OF ETHICS IN TOURISM
Authors: Kazimierczak Marek
Published: March 2019

Purpose. The aim of the article is to deepen the philosophical and ethical reflection on the phenomenon of modern tourism which forms the opportunity to determine the objective scope regarding ethics of practical tourism, its tasks and goals. Method. In addition to the classical methods based on analysis and synthesis of research material, the author applies elements of the historical-comparative method, as well as the hermeneutic method for text interpretation. Findings. As it turns out, in the subject-related literature, there is no extensive theory of tourism ethics that could fill the clear gap appearing in the studies on the axiological nature of relationships and relations in tourism. In this article, the author tries to show that it is not possible to separate ethics from the issue of development in general and the development of tourism in particular. Research and conclusions limitations. Ethical reflection on a post-modern tourism has revealed a number of barriers and limitations faced by ethical behavior in the sphere of tourism, especially when talking about the possibility of self-realisation or self-realisation through participation in tourist travels. Practical implications. In-depth understanding of the ethical problems concerning modern tourism can favor behaviors going beyond everyday tourist practices. Originality. The article is an attempt at synthetic summary of the most important issues and moral dilemmas faced by a contemporary tourism. Type of paper. The article constitutes a review, in which theoretical and historical themes interlace with empirical examples concretising the theses put forward.
HISTORICAL POLICY WITH ETHICS IN THE BACKGROUND. PATHOLOGIES IN CREATING EXPERIENCES OF CULTURAL TOURISTS
Authors: Mikos von Rohrscheidt Armin
Published: March 2019

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TRAVEL NARRATIVES IN CONTEMPORARY POLISH LITERATURE. ETHICAL, CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS
Authors: Sahaj Tomasz
Published: March 2019

Purpose. The presentation of results and analyses regarding on the journeys of ethical, cultural and social provenance in narratives available in contemporary Polish literature illustrated by chosen examples.

Method. To prepare the presentation, qualitative methods were used together with the analysis technique of the content/plot of novels of autobiographies of contemporary Polish prose writers and travelers. The author analysed representative texts of such highly-regarded figures as philosophers by profession – Marek Kamiński, Joanna Bator, Krzysztof Środa – and wellknown writers: Andrzej Stasiuk, Krzysztof Varga, Ziemowit Szczerek and others.

Findings. Research showed the authors’ great interest in history, culture, ethical and social issues during their numerous peregrinations all over Poland, Southern Europe and Central and Eastern Europe. The narration of the chosen author-travelers contains numerous reflections of existential-philosophical and cultural-social nature, focusing on sociological analysis. The interpretative framework in the works of the discussed authors fluctuates around local, global and glocal problems.

Research and conclusions limitations. The study concerned only the works of Polish authors and concentrated on their journeys all over Poland, Southern and Central and Eastern Europe; borderlands, peripheral and cross-border areas. The phenomenon of the journeys of the analysed authors lies in the fact that their experiences are subjective, and their expeditions are undertaken to a considerable degree in mental space, a depicted world; they are unique imaginary adventures.

Practical implications. Reading the works discussed in the article expands knowledge on culture, history and the society of countries where the authors undertake their ethically responsible travels. Their books can successfully become an element of literary/cultural tourism.

Originality. In literature on the subject works concerning individual authors discussed in the article are dispersed. The advantage of the presented text is the depiction and analysis of the creative output of the examined authors in one place, including the characteristics of their journeys: spiritual, culinary, pilgrimage, cognitive and escape.

Type of paper. The article is a review and a scientific, reflective essay.
O SUS e as políticas sociais: Desafios contemporâneos para a atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Lazarini Welington Serra , Sodré Francis
Published: March 2019

Este artigo constitui-se em um estudo teórico, cuja premissa é a imposição feita pelo atual estágio do capitalismo aos países pobres, entre eles o Brasil, que visa flexibilizar a estruturação de suas políticas sociais, ameaçando conquistas importantes, como é o caso do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Como objetivo, importou analisar as políticas sociais no Brasil no contexto do capitalismo contemporâneo, em que predomina a mais fetichizada forma do capital, qual seja, o capital portador de juros, e seus desdobramentos para o SUS. Além disso, buscou-se compreender o papel dos organismos internacionais, especialmente o Banco Mundial, neste contexto. A primeira parte apresenta uma discussão acerca da crise do Estado de Bem-Estar e da reconfiguração das políticas sociais, segundo a lógica da fase atual do capitalismo. Além disso, discute a disputa pelo fundo público e sua relevância para o processo de acumulação e expansão do capital portador de juros. A segunda parte expõe o papel estratégico dos organismos internacionais, sobretudo o Banco Mundial, como porta-voz da agenda neoliberal. Trata da influência do Banco Mundial sobre a política interna dos Estados, de modo a articular a geopolítica internacional, segundo os “interesses dos mercados”. Por fim, fazem-se alguns apontamentos para o futuro do sistema de saúde brasileiro, principalmente para a Atenção Primária à Saúde.
Gewaltfreiheit und ihre Grenzen
Authors: Claaßen Andrea
Published: March 2019

Can a peace movement consider military action to be a legitimate form of intervention under certain circumstances? Against the backdrop of the war in Bosnia, this question sparked a debate about non-violent action in the German branch of Pax Christi that was triggered by the positions adopted in public on this issue by the movement’s executive committee and general secretary and which tested the solidity of its German branch’s bonds and foundations.
In this study, the author analyses the nature of the aforementioned debate and examines to what extent the internal conflict within Pax Christi boiled down to the issue itself or was rather a question of identity or even one of power.