bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Tribulus Terrestris Extract on Sperm Parameters and Sexual Function in Male Mice: A Potential Complementary Treatment for Male Infertility
Authors: Meybodi Anahita Mohseni , Mokhtari Pegah , Fazeli Fuad , Sabbaghian Marjan
Published: October 2024

Medicinal plants have gained increasing attention for their potential in treating infertility. Tribulus Terrestris, a widely used traditional medicinal plant, is reputed for its aphrodisiac and fertility-enhancing effects. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Tribulus Terrestris extract on spermatogenesis and Androgen receptor (Ar) gene expression in male laboratory mice. Forty-two adult male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to seven groups. Tribulus Terrestris extract was administered daily via gavage at doses of 5, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg/kg body weight for 55 days. Blood samples were analyzed for testosterone levels, sperm parameters were assessed using the CASA system, and Ar gene expression was measured in testis tissues through reverse transcription-real-time PCR. An increase in Tribulus Terrestris extract dose correlated with body weight gain. Notably, testosterone levels were significantly higher in the 80 mg/kg group compared to others (p<0.05). Sperm motility, count, and viability were significantly improved in the 40 and 80 mg/kg groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, Ar gene expression was significantly elevated in the 80 mg/kg group (p ≤ 0.05). Tribulus Terrestris extract positively affects sperm parameters and sexual function in male mice. These findings support the potential of Tribulus Terrestris as a complementary treatment for male infertility.
The Lived Experience of Psychological Resilience in Parents of Children with Leukemia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Yuan Chunming , Wang Zhi , Xu Xinyi , Wen Hao , Min Lihua , Mao Xiaorong
Published: October 2024

Background: Pediatric leukemia poses considerable burdens on caregivers, precipitating psychological distress and financial strain. Caregivers may experience cognitive, emotional, and behavioral shifts. The adverse event, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may exacerbate their psychological distress. The lived experience of parental psychological resilience in the context of pediatric leukemia caregiving warrants greater scrutiny during the COVID-19 pandemic period. This investigation delves into the lived experience of the psychological resilience dynamics among parents of children with leukemia.
Methods: Employing phenomenological methodology, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with parents of pediatric leukemia patients at varying stages of the disease, admitted to a tertiary care pediatric hematology unit in Sichuan Province between March and September 2021. Data analysis was performed using NVivo 11.0 software alongside Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis technique.
Results: The study encompassed twenty-four primary caregivers of children with leukemia, including 19 mothers and 5 fathers, with an age span of 28 to 48 years, a mean (SD) of 34.67 (5.39). Analysis revealed five primary themes and seven sub-themes, encompassing: complex emotional trajectories marked by simultaneous negative and positive feelings; the considerable burden of care juxtaposed with inadequate coping mechanisms; a pronounced eagerness for caregiving knowledge contrasted with a deficit in essential training; curtailed social engagement and challenges in resuming normalcy; and a pronounced need for psychological support.
Conclusions: The emotional landscape for parents caring for children with leukemia is characterized by a spectrum of lived experiences and emotions, both positive and negative. These emotional shifts are shaped by diverse factors. Positive emotions have the potential to bolster resilience in parents, enabling them to navigate adversity, surmount challenges, and proactively manage the psychological strains and stresses engendered by such crises. Mitigating caregiving demands and augmenting social and psychological support are crucial for enhancing life quality and wellbeing among these parents.
Latent profile analysis of psychological distress in adolescents and young adults with thyroid cancer: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Jia , Xiong Dan , Fang Yanmei , Li Chaixiu , Li Dan , Qi Xiaowei , Wang Yinhuan , Yang Ying
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study aims to identify the potential profiles of psychological distress (PD) among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with thyroid cancer, and to explore the affect factors of different subgroups.
Methods
Convenience sampling was applied to collect 227 AYAs with thyroid cancer from a general hospital in China. The assessment instrument included the general information questionnaire, Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (SUPPH), and the specific Cancer Distress Scales for Adolescents and Young Adults (CDS-AYA). The latent profile analysis (LPA) method was used to fit the latent psychological distress categories in subjects with AYAs with thyroid cancer. The factors influencing the subgroups of psychological distress were identified using univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression analyses.
Results
A total of 213 valid questionnaires were received. Three potential profiles of psychological distress were finally identified: “low PD group” (67.1%), “moderate PD with high employment group” (25.8%), and “high PD with high confidence group” (7.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of underlying disease, treatment modality, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM), and self-management efficacy were influencing factors of subgroups.
Conclusion
The psychological distress level among AYAs with thyroid cancer can be divided into three subgroups, which have obvious classification characteristics. It is suggested that healthcare professionals (HCPs) should pay attention to the mental health status of AYAs with thyroid cancer. And they could adopt personalized interventions for AYAs with different characteristics of psychological distress.
Tailored drone-magnetometer design for geothermal exploration
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Taufiq Taufiq , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Geothermal fields, often nestled in mountainous regions with challenging topography and dense vegetation, can be difficult to access for direct ground measurements. To overcome these obstacles, the magnetic method offers a viable geophysical approach for geothermal exploration. Leveraging advanced technology, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with magnetometers can provide faster, more accurate, and efficient magnetic mapping, making them an invaluable tool for achieving operational targets. This article presents the design of a drone magnetometer using a custom-built UAV for magnetic mapping in geothermal fields. The UAV is specifically designed with a large payload capacity (6–8 kg) and extended flight duration (> 60 minutes). It is equipped with a 3-Axis Fluxgate Magnetometer FGM3D/100 from Sensys, which has a measurement range of ± 100 µT. The designed system was validated using a PPM scalar magnetometer from GEOTRON, with highly satisfactory results, suggesting it is well-suited for practical geomagnetic mapping in geothermal fields.
Investigating of the serum level of VCA-IgG antibody in gastric cancer patients in Ardebil city
Authors: Bagali Faraz Malek , Hanifezade Hamidreza , Azgani Peyman , Amani Firuz , Karami Chiman
Published: October 2024

Background
Gastric cancer (GC) is known as the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of death in the world. Many environmental factors, such as age, sex, blood group, heredity, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), unhealthy diet, and geographical region, are possible risk factors for gastric cancer. Moreover, one of the most important causes of GC is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Due to a lack of information about the etiologic role of EBV in gastric cancer, in this study, we investigated the serum level of viral capsid antigen IgG antibodies (VCA-IgG) in GC patients in Ardebil city.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 92 gastric cancer patients and 92 healthy individuals as a control group. Demographic and pathological information were recorded, and blood samples were collected to measure viral capsid antigen IgG antibody (VCA IgG) levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests, including chi-square, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation.
Results
Among the 184 participants, 58.7% were male and 41.3% were female. The most common blood group was type A (44.0%), while the lowest was type B (7.6%). VCA (IgG) antibody tests showed that 42.4% of participants were EBV positive. Additionally, 57.1% of participants tested positive for H. pylori. Statistical analysis showed no significant association between age, gender, H. pylori, and EBV infection. Gastric cancer was associated with positive VCA (IgG) antibody (p-value > 0.05). However, a significant association was found between blood group and VCA (IgG) antibody positivity (p-value = 0.02).
Conclusion
This study suggests that blood group may be an important factor in determining VCA (IgG) antibody positivity in patients with gastric cancer. Future research with larger and more diverse samples is recommended to obtain more robust results.
Green Synthesis of ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles Using Macadamia Nut Shell Extracts: Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Tangjaideborisu Yodchai , Yugala Prema , Phanawansombat Choowin , Shanmugam Paramasivam , Boonyuen Supakorn , Nakorn Pariya Na
Published: October 2024

Green synthesis methods have garnered significant attention as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional chemical approaches, which often involve hazardous substances. In this study, macadamia nut shell extract was used as a natural stabilizing and capping agent for the sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs). The natural compounds present in the macadamia nut shell extract facilitate the formation of these nanoparticles. The synthesized ZnO and CuO NPs were confirmed by various types of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. XRD analysis confirmed that ZnO NPs exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite structure, while CuO NPs display a face-centered cubic lattice structure. The green-synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the photocatalytic efficiency of the nanoparticles was assessed by examining the degradation of tetracycline, with ZnO demonstrating superior performance compared to CuO. The antimicrobial activity of ZnO and CuO NPs was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (strain 902), Escherichia coli (strain 443), Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans, showing promising results. Furthermore, both ZnO and CuO NPs exhibited synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics. The newly developed green-synthesized ZnO and CuO NPs proved to be simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly, and utilized for various applications, including food packaging, biosensors, and catalysis in pharmaceutical reactions.
The Role of CD38 in Predicting Outcomes for Non-M3 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Gholami Nasrin , Dolatkhah Roya , Akbari Ali Akbar Movasaghour , Fathalizadeh Arezoo
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare but aggressive type of cancer with different survival rates around the world. While factors such as age, cytogenetic, and molecular abnormalities play an important role that impacts the prognosis of AML patients, we investigated the correlation between CD38 and other hematologic markers and the survival of AML patients for therapy initiation.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we relied on flow cytometry to examine CD38 expression on AML blasts and evaluated its correlation with overall survival (OS) and one-year survival in newly diagnosed AML patients at the Hematology-Oncology Research Center, Iran, Tabriz.
Results
Seventy-two newly diagnosed non M3-AML patients were followed in this study. The results showed there was a significant relationship between overall survival and one year survival CD38 levels. Besides, Increasing of CD38 level by 1% increased the hazard of mortality by 1 percent (HR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.01).
Conclusion
The expression of certain membrane molecules like CD38 on leukemic cells can provide valuable information about the prognosis of AML patients and their treatment options.
Semaglutide reduces cardiomyocyte damage caused by high-fat through HSDL2
Authors: Yang Lin , Pan Xiaoyu , Pan Zhenyu , Gao Haina , Ban Jiangli , Chen Shuchun
Published: October 2024

Background
The expression of inflammation and oxidative stress caused by obesity is high, which has a certain degree of damage to myocardial cells. is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, which has a hypoglycemic and weight loss effect. Similarly, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like protein 2 (HSDL2) can also regulate lipid metabolism. However, it is not clear whether smegroupide reduces obesity-related cardiomyocyte damage through HSDL2. In this study, the oxidative stress index of the serum of mouse cardiomyocytes and obese mice in a high-fat environment and the expression of HSDL2 were detected to reveal the mechanism of obesity-induced cardiomyocyte injury and the effect of semaglutide in reducing cardiomyocyte injury regulated by HSDL2.
Methods
In this study, animal models of mice in the obesity group and the micetigrupide intervention group, the cardiomyocyte model of palmitic acid cultured mice in ordinary and knockout HSDL2, and the cell model of the miceglupeptide intervention were established. The levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress indicators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), reactive oxygen (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in mouse serum and mouse cardiomyocytes were also detected. Then, the expression of HSDL2 of normal mouse cardiomyocytes cultured with high fat culture and mouse cardiomyocytes that knocked HSDL2, as well as the oxidative stress and autophagy levels of cells, were measured, and the effect of semaglutide regulation by HSDL2 on cardiomyocyte damage caused by high fat was evaluated.
Conclusion
Obesity increased the oxidative stress level of mouse cardiomyocytes and mouse serum, while semaglutide can reduce the increased oxidative stress level caused by obesity. At the same time, semaglutide also significantly reduced the weight of obese mice. The myocardial tissue and myocardial cells of mice in the obese group showed an upward expression of HSDL2, but after the intervention of semaglutide. After knocking out HSDL2, the level of ROS and autophagy of mouse cardiomyocytes decreased significantly. Semaglutide may reduce cardiomyocyte damage caused by high fat by regulating the expression of HSDL2. These findings are expected to reveal the new molecular mechanism of semaglutide to regulate obesity-related cardiomyocyte injury through HSDL2, providing a new target for clinical treatment.
Has tourism impacted the ‘gentoofication’ of the Antarctic peninsula over the past two decades?
Authors: Humphries Grant R.W. , Bogaard Laura , Naveen Ron , Lynnes Amanda
Published: October 2024

The seaborne tourism industry in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has been growing rapidly in the past two decades. Simultaneously, the WAP has been experiencing a ‘gentoofication’ where gentoo penguin populations have been expanding rapidly. Subsequently, there have been growing concerns for impacts of tourism on population dynamics as the number of tourist landings at penguin colonies increase. The goal of this study was to examine how or if increases in tourism activities impact gentoo penguin populations dynamics in the region. Of 28 selected colonies, 17 show positive linear trends in the number of counted nests suggesting population growth, and 11 colonies show negative linear trends in the number of counted nests suggesting decline. Gentoo penguin population growth trends at visited sites were 57% lower than those at non-visited sites, yet the mechanism for this has yet to be identified. A predictive analysis found that the model could only account for 32.51% of the variability in nest counts with the most important variables being season and location (in degrees latitude), followed by the standardised median number of passengers, total number of passengers and number of landings. Finally, a time-lag analysis suggested that tourism parameters from both three- and five-years prior were a not a significant predictor of nest counts in the current year. Despite these results, continued monitoring of these relationships will be critical to managing Antarctic penguin populations during the current era characterised by increasing tourist traffic and pressures from climate change.
Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Tirzepatide in Alleviating Metabolic Dysfunction- Associated Fatty Liver in Mice through Integration of Metabolomics, Lipidomics, and Proteomics
Authors: Liang Jinliang , Liu Huanyi , Lv Guo , Chen Xiaotong , Yang Zhaoshou , Hu Kunhua , Sun Hongyan
Published: October 2024

Clinical studies have suggested that tirzepatide may also possess hepatoprotective effects; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. In our study, we performed biochemical analyses of serum and histopathological examinations of liver tissue in mice. To preliminarily explore the molecular mechanisms of tirzepatide on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed for comprehensive metabolomic, lipidomic, and proteomic analyses in MAFLD mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The results demonstrated that tirzepatide significantly reduced serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), as well as hepatic triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), indicating its efficacy in treating MAFLD. Further findings revealed that tirzepatide reduced fatty acid uptake by downregulating Cd36 and Fabp2/4, as well as enhance the mitochondrial-lysosomal function by upregulating Lamp1/2. In addition, tirzepatide promoted cholesterol efflux and reduced cholesterol reabsorption by upregulating the expression of Hnf4a, Abcg5, and Abcg8. These results suggest that tirzepatide exerts its therapeutic effects on MAFLD by reducing fatty acid uptake, promoting cholesterol excretion, and enhancing mitochondrial-lysosomal function, providing a theoretical basis for a comprehensive understanding of tirzepatide.
Experimental Evaluation of Improved Biogas Injera Baking Stove
Authors: Abdella Taha , Alemu Demiss , Dino Kamil
Published: October 2024

Baking and cooking are the daily human activity that needs energy. The main sources of energy for baking injera are biomass and electricity. Wood is the dominating energy source in Ethiopia for baking injera. The existing three stone biomass based clay baking pan results in a loss of a major portion of the supplied energy and the baking process also results in significant amounts of indoor air pollution and emission of greenhouse gas (GHG). There are several attempts to improve heat distribution of biogas injera stove. However, still there is need to improve performance of baking pan. Thus this study aims to design, manufacture biogas injera baking stove and improve heat distribution of the baking pan to bake culturally accepted injera. The stove is manufactured in the metal workshop from mild steel of 1.5mm thickness. A clay baking pan of 460mm in diameter and 15mm thick is used for this specific study to improve heat distribution and baking performance. The designed biogas injera baking stove is with new burner with better thermal combustion efficiency and has been tested experimentally using a small household biogas plant of 10m3, located, in Ethiopia and Sebeta town. The result indicates that this injera baking biogas stove improved heat distribution throughout the baking pan and can bake injera of 400mm diameter.
Factors associated with age related hearing loss
Authors: Shaar Ola Ahmad Bashar , Muhanna Rabeea Mohsen , Nahas Loui Darjazini
Published: October 2024

Background Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is a multifaceted degenerative condition in older adults. Since various factors contribute to the development of ARHI, it is crucial to identify the key influencing elements to better understand and prevent its progression.Methods A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was carried out with 100 patients. Demographic information was collected during the first visit. Additionally, personal medical history and lifestyle factors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, were assessed through a structured questionnaire. The patients' histories of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular conditions were recorded, along with any medications they were taking. Furthermore, they were asked about related symptoms, including tinnitus and vertigo.Results The study sample consisted of 100 patients, with a mean age of 73.44 years and a standard deviation of 4.52 years. An analysis of the medical histories revealed that 25 patients had hypertension (25%), while 13 patients had diabetes (13%). Among the auricular symptoms reported, tinnitus emerged as the most common, affecting 45 patients (45%). When asked about previously diagnosed ear conditions, 15 patients reported a diagnosis of tympanic membrane perforation (15%). In terms of genetic background, 16 patients (16%) had a family history of hearing loss. Regarding medication usage, beta-blockers were the most frequently prescribed, with 38 patients currently taking this medication.Conclusion The occurrence of age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is common among older adults, and various factors may interact throughout its progression. The results of this study can be instrumental in counseling high-risk individuals regarding the significance of regular audiological evaluations.
Anemia in children aged 6 to 59 months: inequalities across the 45 provinces and 342 communes of Burkina Faso
Authors: Bassinga Hervé , Ouedraogo Mady , Ouattara Karim , Labité Maté Alonyenyo , Coulibaly Moussa
Published: October 2024

Background: Burkina Faso is said to have the highest prevalence of childhood anemia in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2021, approximately seven out of ten children aged 6–59 months (72%) suffered from anemia, with 29% in the mild form, 40% in the moderate form, and 2% in the severe form. Knowing the administrative units at extremely fine levels most affected by this health challenge will optimize intervention strategies. This study therefore aims to analyze geographic inequalities in the prevalence of anemia across the country's 45 provinces and 342 municipalities.
Methods: Two main data sources are used in this study: the 2021 Demographic and Health Survey (EDS) and the 2019 General Population and Housing Census (RGPH 2019). The analysis focused on 5,723 children aged 6 to 59 months from the DHS and 293,715 children aged less than 6 to 59 months from the census. The Elbers Langjouw and Langjouw (ELL) approach is used to estimate the prevalence of anemia. The geospatial inequality analysis is based on the Moran index to identify autocorrelation between entities and the LISA method to detect clusters of municipalities and provinces.
Results: Out of 342 municipalities, 89 have a prevalence greater than 80% and 160 a prevalence higher than the national average (72.8, 95% CI: 68.6 - 77.0). These municipalities are mainly from the Sahel region, which is also the least rained region in the country. Following these municipalities, come municipalities from the East, Center-East and North regions. The prevalence of anemia varies from a minimum of 60.7% for the commune of Ouagadougou (95% CI 56.1 – 65.3) to a maximum of 84.2% (95% CI 79.6 – 88.9) for the communes of Markoye and Diguel.
Conclusion and contributions: This study helps improve targeting actions for programs to combat malnutrition in Burkina Faso by highlighting the communes that need the most support. However, the majority of communes remain at a critical prevalence level.
Blood MAIT cells phenotype in patients with Opisthorchis felineus invasion depending on the severity of liver fibrosis
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Veselova N. E. , Vasyutin A. V. , Savchenko A. , Tonkikh J. L. , Borisov A. G.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. MAIT cells are a new subpopulation of T cells that protect mucous barriers against penetration of foreign substances. There are practically no studies devoted to the participation of these cells in the pathogenesis of parasitic diseases.

Aim. To study the phenotype of blood MAIT cells in patients with Opisthorchis felineus (O. felineus) invasion depending on the severity of liver fibrosis.

Materials and methods. A total of 78 patients with O. felineus invasion (42 men and 36 women) and 26 control group individuals (14 men and 12 women) were examined. Opisthorchiasis was diagnosed using coproovoscopy and duodenal contents microscopy. All patients underwent liver elastometry using Aixplorer (France) or Siemens Acuson S2000 (Germany) systems with determination of the liver fibrosis degree according to METAVIR. The phenotype composition of lymphocytes was investigated using a Navios flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA). T cells, T helpers, and T cytotoxic lymphocytes were isolated and the presence of NCR Va7.2 and CD161 on the surface of these cells was assessed.

Results. The content of MAIT T-helpers was decreased in patients with O. felineus invasion compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.001). In MAIT T-cytotoxic cells, a similar pattern was not detected (p = 0.5). In patients with liver fibrosis F2 according to METAVIR compared to individuals with F0 according to METAVIR, a decrease in the total number of T-cells, T-helpers and T-cytotoxic cells, as well as MAIT T-helpers and MAIT T-cytotoxic cells was observed. Thus, the content of CD161+ NCR Va7.2+ T-helpers was 0.020% [0.004–0.042%] in patients with opisthorchiasis with F0 according to METAVIR and 0.0% [0.0–0.003%] in individuals with liver fibrosis F2 according to METAVIR (p = 0.001). For CD161+ NCR Va7.2+ T-cytotoxic cells, these indicators were, respectively, 1.47% [0.41–2.49%] and 0.12% [0.07–0.31%] (p < 0.001).

Conclusion. Further study of MAIT cells in patients with liver pathology has undoubted prospects for the creation of new therapeutic and diagnostic technologies.
The diagnostic value of leptin for the detection of liver steatosis in postmenopausal obese women
Authors: Bulatova I. A. , Shevlyukova T. P. , Gulyaeva I. L. , Sobol A. A. , Sheludko V. S.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. More than half of post-reproductive age women are overweight and obese, which puts them at high risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the abdominal type of obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction and impaired leptin secretion develop.

Aim. To evaluate the possibilities and diagnostic characteristics of leptin for the determination of liver steatosis in pre-obese and obese women in the early postmenopausal period.

Materials and methods. 76 women in the early postmenopausal period were examined, including 63 patients with NAFLD and overweight and obesity with an average age of 50.50 ± 2.16 years and 13 practically healthy women with an average age of 49.29 ± 2.64 years, who underwent an ultrasound examination of the liver, calculation of the HSI index (Hepatic Steatosis Index) and determination of the level of leptin in the blood.

Results. Abdominal type of obesity was detected in 84% of patients, the gynoid type was 16%, and the body mass index averaged 33.5 ± 1.3 kg/m2. According to the ultrasound examination and the HSI index, all patients had liver steatosis. Their leptin levels significantly exceeded the control data (p < 0.001) and directly correlated with the severity of steatosis according to the HSI index (r = 0.321; p = 0.010). The threshold value of the serum leptin level in patients with NAFLD was 13 ng/ml with sensitivity and specificity of 90.5% and 92.3%, respectively.

Conclusion. Leptin is a highly informative marker of NAFLD in women with pre-obesity and obesity in the early postmenopausal period, the value of which is higher or equal to 13 ng/ml allows to verify steatosis, less than this value – to exclude it in this category of persons with high diagnostic effectiveness.
Upper limb SMI for sarcopenia diagnosis in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Ostrovskaya A. S. , Maevskaya M. V. , Loban K. M. , Zharkova M. S. , Shapka M. P. , Nadinskaia M. Yu. , Gulyaeva K. A. , Vasiltsova E. A. , Chvileva Yu. O. , Ivashkin V. T.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The muscle mass in sarcopenia is assessed in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) using skeletal muscle indices (SMI) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the results of which are distorted due to lower limb edema. This requires the development of upper limb SMI (UL SMI) to ensure more accurate assessment of muscle mass in patients with LC and ascitice-dematous syndrome.

Aim. To compare the diagnostic accuracy of standard MSI and UL SMI, and develop criteria for the reference range of UL SMI in patients with decompensated LC of various origin and sarcopenia, taking into account the lower limb edema in comparable age groups.

Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted. The treatment group included patients with decompensated LC and lower limb edema of various origin; the control group included healthy volunteers matched to patients by gender and age to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the technique and calculate the criteria for the reference ranges in UP SMI. All patients underwent measurements of muscle mass by DXA.

Results. A total of 59 patients were examined: 39 patients with LC and 20 healthy volunteers. Based on the results of the ROC analysis, it was determined that the cut-off values for UL SMI are 1.91 kg/m2 for men (sensitivity = 62.5%, specificity = 85.71%) and 1.47 kg/m2 for women (sensitivity = 86.96%, specificity = 69.23%) as compared to the cut-off values for the standard SMI of 7.78 kg/m2 for men (sensitivity = 75% and specificity = 57.14%), and SMI of 6.05 kg/m2 for women (sensitivity = 56.52% and specificity = 69.23%). UL SMI is a more accurate marker of sarcopenia in patients with LC and lower limb edema than the standard SMI.

Conclusion. The advantages of UL SMI over classical SMI for sarcopenia diagnosis in patients with cirrhosis and lower extremity edema were demonstrated. The UL SMI criteria for the reference range in patients with decompensated LC and sarcopenia were developed.
Reduction of the risk of biliary lithiasis caused by various weight reduction options in obesity
Authors: Plotnikova E. Yu. , Sukhikh A. S.
Published: October 2024

At present obesity is a major public health challenge globally, which accounts for a significant portion of all healthcare costs. Obesity and its complications, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, have been identified as independent risk factors for cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis is mainly caused by four factors: bile cholesterol overload caused by excess cholesterol made in the liver due to genetic factors; systolic dysfunction of the gallbladder wall; bowel dysfunction with excess absorption of cholesterol or cholesterol overload caused by impaired hepatic bile circulation; and accelerated growth of cholesterol crystals and solid cholesterol crystals. Rapid weight loss (≥1.5 kg/week) due to low-calorie diets as the main treatment method, or after bariatric surgery is one of the risk factors for gallstone formation. Bariatric surgery is effective for the treatment of obesity and its complications, but bariatric surgery does not reduce the incidence of cholelithiasis. On the contrary, many studies showed that bariatric surgery may increase the incidence of cholelithiasis. The rapid weight loss causes fat mobilization and then increases serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. On the other hand, bowel dysfunction due to bariatric surgery is accompanied by decreased cholecystokinin levels, causing impaired gallbladder contractility. Cholelithiasis requires close attention after bariatric surgery, with 10% of patients undergoing bariatric surgery having to undergo cholecystectomy postoperatively due to a high risk of cholelithiasis. UDCA is a natural bile acid that is prescribed to be taken orally (by mouth). UDCA inhibits the absorption of cholesterol in the bowel, enhances the biosynthesis of bile acids, and reduces biliary cholesterol secretion. UDCA is a choleretic agent, as all bile acids, but differs from other dihydroxy bile acids in being non-cytotoxic. The use of UDCA while following a low-calorie diet and after bariatric surgery significantly reduces the risk of gallstone formation and cholecystectomy with associated complications.
Treatment of mildandmoderateforms of ulcerativecolitis: the possibilities of mesalazine
Authors: Lomakina E. Yu. , Teberdieva M. V. , Buzunova Yu. M. , Belousova E. A.
Published: October 2024

The article indicates the specific niche and principles for choosing mesalazine formulations, and the selection of a dose for the treatment of mild to moderate extensive (left-sided and total) ulcerative colitis (UC). It doesn’t consider any approaches to the treatment of more severe UC or distal UC (proctitis). The current concepts on the use of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) formulations to induce and maintain remission in mild to moderate active UC are discussed. The principles for drug administration and a comparative analysis of domestic and international mesalazine dosing recommendations are provided. The guidelines place special emphasis on the importance of high-dose mesalazine therapy (≥4 g/day), which allows to achieve the targets set by the Treat-to-target (T2T) strategy and to reach the clinical and endoscopic remission. The evidence from meta-analyses and comparative studies demonstrating the same efficacy of different forms of mesalazine in the treatment of UC are presented. Attention is drawn to the choice of the optimal drug with enteric coating that consists of two types of Eudragit (Eudragit L and Eudragit S) in contrast to mesalazine formulations with one and the same type of coating (only L or only S). The double Eudragit (L + S) pH-dependent coating of mesalazine tablets dissolves in the terminal ileum, cecum and partially in the right half of the colon at pH 6–7.5, while formulations coated with only L or S dissolve at a narrower pH range. The clinical efficacy of mesalazine directly depends on its intraluminal concentration that is determined by the amount of the released drug according to the pH level in the intestinal lumen. The double Eudragit coating allows to cover the entire pH range in the ileum and colon. The paper presents evidence from the domestic clinical practice that confirms the Cochrane meta-analysis statements on the comparable efficacy of different mesalazine formulations concerning the targets to reach remission and reduce the level of fecal calprotectin. In addition, a high incidence of clinical remissions (more than 80% at 48 weeks of treatment) on double coated (L + S) mesalazine is demonstrated.
A study into the fluid power control characteristics of a hydrostatic transmission for mobile machinery
Authors: Dai Moujun , Wu Zhongfa , Liao Xueguan , Yan Kai , Wang Wenlin
Published: October 2024

In response to improve the quality and level of hydrostatic transmission (HST) products for modern mobile machineries, the closed-loop transfer functions of a HST are established by mathematical modeling, a comprehensive testing equipment is developed employing a proportional relief valve for automatic program loading and fuzzy-PID oil temperature control, the testing equipment is capable of conducting various performance tests for various models of HST integrated pump-motor products, including factory and type tests, especially continuous impact and endurance performance tests under high temperature and high-speed conditions. Comprehensive performance test of the above test sample is carried out using the developed equipment, that the test results agree well with the previous simulation results verifies the correctness of the established theoretical analysis model. The obtained theory and equipment from this work provide theoretical and experimental technical support for improving design and development of high-end fluid components for modern mobile machinery HST.
Structural design and dynamic characteristic analysis of adjustable badminton serving machine
Authors: Li Wencheng , Zhao Yue , Wang Chunxiang
Published: October 2024

System dynamics serves as a crucial foundation for evaluating the performance of mechanical auxiliary equipment. To enhance the stability and reliability of the badminton launch process, structural design and dynamic analysis were conducted on a mode-adjustable, precise control badminton serving mechanism. The combination of eccentric crank-slider mechanism, stretched springs, and electromagnets was used in mechanical structures, which could effectively effectively improve the smoothness of the badminton in the launching process. The virtual prototype of badminton serving machine was established and imported into ADAMS for dynamic simulation analysis, verifying the correctness of the serving and retrieving mechanisms. Using the aerodynamic equations, the trajectory of badminton movement under different working parameters was simulated and analyzed. The dynamic analysis results show that the design of the launching and catching mechanisms is scientific and effective. The launch angle and initial velocity are the key factors that determine the trajectory of the badminton.
Influence of Copper-Iron (CuFe) and Copper-Tin (CuSN) alloys over mechanical strength properties in crimping process
Authors: Dragomir Florin , Manescu Tiberiu , Tufisi Cristian
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the comparative performance of Copper-Iron (CuFe) and Copper-Tin (CuSn) alloys in crimping processes, with a focus on their mechanical, electrical, and corrosion-resistance properties. Crimping is a critical method for creating reliable electrical and mechanical connections, particularly in environments subjected to significant mechanical stress and varying temperatures [1]. CuFe alloys, known for their superior mechanical strength and hardness, present challenges in crimping due to their increased resistivity and reduced ductility. Conversely, CuSn alloys offer a balance between electrical conductivity, ease of crimping, and corrosion resistance, making them a preferred choice in many industrial applications. This research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of how the distinct properties of CuFe and CuSn alloys influence the crimping process, ultimately guiding material selection for optimized performance in various applications [2]. Experimental data will be drawn from tensile strength tests, electrical resistance measurements, and corrosion tests, providing a holistic understanding of the advantages and limitations of each alloy.
Design and analysis of folding mechanism for automotive seats based on space maximization
Authors: Zhang Shijun , Huang Xiaowei , Li Shuai , Wang Kefei
Published: October 2024

To solve the problem of maximizing space utilization of car folding seats within limited spatial constraints, a design method for space-maximizing four-bar folding seat hinges is proposed. First, we will investigate the existing types of car folding seats, identify the mainstream configurations, and determine the optimal position of the four-bar linkage hinge point based on the constraints present within the car using theoretical analysis methods. Secondly, kinematic and dynamic models of the four-bar linkage mechanism are established, followed by the formulation of kinematic and dynamic equations. Finally, numerical methods are employed to solve these equations and obtain the kinematic and dynamic characteristics. The results indicate that the design method proposed in the article, which aims to maximize the space of the hinge four-bar folding seat, is efficient and feasible. This approach optimizes the utilization of interior space and enhances passenger comfort while accommodating the folding function of the seat within the existing vehicle environment. This method holds significant engineering implications for the design of folding seats in similar types of vehicles.
Resilience Against Resistance: Exploring Cutting-edge Therapies for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Sharma Ravinder , Gupta Vikas , Parashar Bharat , Chawla Viney , Chawla Pooja A
Published: October 2024

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] stands as an enduring
threat within healthcare landscapes, characterized by its ability to rapidly evolve and develop
resistance to conventional antibiotics. This comprehensive review embarks on a
journey through the historical landscape of MRSA, elucidating its initial emergence and
subsequent evolution of resistance mechanisms over time. The narrative unfolds to underscore
the profound impact of MRSA on patient outcomes and healthcare systems
globally. Current trends in MRSA therapies come under meticulous scrutiny, spotlighting
the limitations and challenges associated with existing treatment modalities. This
analysis underscores the critical need for transformative and innovative therapeutic
strategies to effectively combat the ever-growing spectre of drug resistance in MRSA
from the exploration of novel antibiotics designed to overcome resistance mechanisms
to the promising potential of phage therapy and immunotherapies. Amidst the exploration
of innovative therapies, the review identifies and discusses emerging issues and
challenges in MRSA management. Insights are provided into the intricate web of obstacles
hindering the adoption and implementation of new therapeutic strategies. Furthermore,
the socio-economic implications of MRSA and drug resistance are brought to the
forefront, emphasizing the broader impact on public health and healthcare systems. In
parallel, historical perspectives on MRSA research illuminate key milestones in scientific
understanding and technological advancements. The evolution of research strategies
and their impact on our ability to comprehend and combat MRSA is examined, providing
context for the current state of the field. In conclusion, this review summarizes major
findings and drawing implications for the future of MRSA treatment. Recommendations
for further research and clinical practice are outlined, encapsulating a holistic
overview of the resilient efforts against resistance in the ongoing battle against MRSA.
Focused Insights into Liposomal Nanotherapeutics for Antimicrobial Treatment
Authors: Jani Kiran , Mehta Swapnil , Patel Riya , Prajapati Bhupendra , Patel Gayatri
Published: October 2024

Addressing infectious conditions presents a formidable challenge, primarily
due to the escalating issue of bacterial resistance. This, coupled with limited financial resources
and stagnant antibiotic research, compounds the antibiotic crisis. Innovative
strategies, including novel antibiotic development and alternative solutions, are crucial
to combat microbial resistance. Nanotherapeutics offers a promising approach to enhance
drug delivery systems. Integration into lipid-based nanoscale delivery systems,
particularly through therapeutic substance encapsulation in liposomal carriers, significantly
prolongs drug presence at infection sites. This not only reduces toxicity but also
shields antibiotics from degradation. Lipidic carriers, particularly liposomes, exhibit remarkable
specificity in targeting infectious cells. This holds great promise in combating
antimicrobial resistance and potentially transforming treatment for multi-drug resistant
infections. Leveraging liposomal carriers may lead to breakthroughs in addressing drugresistant
bacterial infections. This review emphasizes the potential of antimicrobial-loaded
liposomes as a novel delivery system for bacterial infections. Encapsulating antimicrobial
agents within liposomes enhances treatment efficiency. Moreover, liposomal systems
counteract challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance, offering hope in managing
persistent multidrug-resistant infections. In the battle against bacterial resistance and the
antibiotics crisis, the use of antimicrobial-loaded liposomes as delivery vehicles shows
great promise. This innovative approach not only extends drug effectiveness and reduces
toxicity but also provides a path to address highly resistant infectious conditions.
As research advances, liposomal nanotherapeutics may emerge as a transformative solution
in the fight against bacterial infections.
The Potential of Nanotechnology in Anti-Cancer Drug to Regulate Nrf2 Signaling for Cancer Therapeutic Purposes
Authors: Yari Abolfazl , Vazifeshenas-Darmiyan Khadijeh , Bakhshi Haniye , Kabiri-rad Hamid , Torabi Mohammadamin , Shabib Forouzan , Samarghandian Saeed , Farkhondeh Tahereh
Published: October 2024

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a regulator of the cellular
antioxidant defense system that plays an important role in reducing the risk of various
pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. Targeting Nrf2 presents an attractive
therapeutic approach to overcome these challenges and improve cancer treatment outcomes.
Nanoparticles, with their unique physicochemical properties, offer several advantages
over conventional therapies for targeting Nrf2. These include enhanced stability,
improved permeability and retention effect, and precise targeting capabilities. Moreover,
delivery systems based on nanotechnology have shown promise in overcoming the limitations
of conventional cancer therapies, including ineffective precision targeting and
momentous complications. The therapeutic efficacy of Nrf2 inhibitors may be enhanced
by using nanoparticles for specific drug targeting and deeper tissue penetration. This involves
optimizing nanoparticle formulations, understanding their interactions with the biological
environment, and ensuring their safety and biocompatibility. Effective nanoparticle
formulations are being developed to transport Nrf2 inhibitors, which can significantly
improve treatment outcomes and address the limitations of conventional cancer therapies.
Further studies are needed to explore the potential of nanotechnology in targeting
Nrf2 for cancer therapeutic purposes.