bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desinfectantes hospitalarios: cómo evaluarlos y propuesta para estandarizar su valoración.
Authors: Astudillo H Miryam , Concha E Alberto , Daza Luz E.
Published: November 2024

Entre los meses de noviembre de 1990  y junio de 1991, por 3 veces con 3 meses de diferencia, se analizaron en el Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud,  Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 9 diferentes desinfectantes en uso en los distintos servicios de la Clínica Rafael Uribe Uribe del Instituto de Seguros Sociales, Seccional Valle del Cauca, Call, Colombia, para evaluarlos en su actividad antlmicroblana contra Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa a través de una combinación de métodos que incluyó curva de mortalidad, concentración inhibitoria mínima y neutralización. Esta técnica descubrió inactividad de un desinfectante que era activo según la curva de mortalidad , que se usó como método de comparación. En Colombia, para valorar los desinfectantes, no existe una norma estandarizada, y se recomienda el método de Rideal & Walker que presenta muchas limitaciones, razón por la cual se debe estandarizar un método efectivo para evaluar los desinfectantes. Los resultados de este estudio animan a continuar la estandarización del método y, luego de algunas modificaciones, utilizarlo de rutina en la valoración.
Drivers and Trends of Irregular Migration: The Push and Pull Factors Responsible for the Japa Syndrome in Nigeria
Authors: Nwokolobia Anthony C. , Ikenga Francis A. , Sanubi Franklins A.
Published: November 2024

Migration has changed over time in reaction to happenings and events around the world. The present surge in irregular migration was spurred by the absence of equitable social, political, and economic possibilities in many nations across the world. People are encouraged to go for better possibilities in other regions due to the unequal chances. This study therefore addressed the causes and trends of irregular migration in Nigeria with an emphasis on the push and pull variables that contribute to Nigerians' Japa syndrome. The collected data was analysed using the trend analysis approach, and the study employed a historical research design. This study concluded that migration is a means of pursuing greater possibilities abroad due to a chronic lack of work opportunities, income prospects, profitable employment, safety, and security, among other things. Fundamentally, economic opportunism that is, the enhancement of one's standard of living, the welfare of one's family, and other aspects that may guarantee the significance and relevance of the individual and their household contextualizes irregular migration in Nigeria. Since 2019, there has been a noticeable increase in the rate of migration abroad. Many young, bright, active, and industrious youths have been pushed to leave the country by these conditions, and this has resulted in the "Japa Syndrome or Japa Wave" in Nigeria.
Impacts of Industrial Disharmony on Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Gberevbie Christopher , Okereka Onofere Princewill , Mukoro Akpomuvire
Published: November 2024

The issue of disharmony in Nigerian tertiary institutions has become a significant challenge, affecting academic quality, institutional stability, and national development. This paper examines the various cases and underlying causes of disharmony within Nigerian universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education. Through a critical review of the literature and empirical data, the paper highlights the adverse impacts of disharmony, such as reduced academic productivity, a decline in the quality of graduates, infrastructural decay, and loss of public trust in higher education. The study argues that addressing disharmony requires collaborative efforts between government, management of institutions, staff unions, and students. By promoting inclusivity, strengthening institutional autonomy, and ensuring effective conflict management mechanisms, Nigerian tertiary institutions can foster a more harmonious and productive academic environment.
Stochastic Emission in Passively Fed Single-Emitter Porous-Media Ionic Liquid Ion Sources
Authors: Kerber Thomas , Taylor Nicholas , Lemmer Kristina , Meza Alberto , Antypas Robert , Stahl Valerie , Eckhardt Daniel
Published: November 2024

Ionic liquid ion sources are a promising form of efficient thrust for power- and mass-constrained satellites. Flight performance requirements necessitate large arrays of emitters; however, the fundamental behaviors of the ion emission process are obscured by the simultaneous operation of multiple emitters. One such behavior is the stochastic nature of Taylor cone formation and ion emission from the emitter. To examine these phenomena, a single-emitter electrospray using a conventionally machined porous borosilicate emitter cone was operated using the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. Repeated performance curves of the same emitter, measuring the emitter and extractor electrode currents as a function of the emitter voltage, vary significantly between tests. Ion current density spatial distribution maps of the plume and time-resolved emitter current and plume current while retarding potential energy analyzer sweeps are also presented. High-speed current measurements on a collector plate downstream of a different single-emitter electrospray were collected to examine the variation in the onset delay time of the Taylor cone. The onset delay time decreased with increasing emitter voltage and was effectively eliminated using bipolar switching. In monopolar mode, the onset delay rate was not sensitive to changes in the emitter voltage switching frequency across the range of tested values.
Influences in Experimental Studies on the Characteristics of Transonic Shock Buffet
Authors: Schauerte Christopher Julian , Schreyer Anne-Marie
Published: November 2024

This article examines the evolution of transonic shock buffet on the OAT15A supercritial airfoil, aspiring to elucidate some of the causes of disparate buffet-relevant settings reported in the literature. Experimental campaigns on three distinct chord lengths are conducted thus resulting in chord Reynolds numbers of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. Continuous variations in Mach and AoA allow mapping the shock wave behavior across a large parameter space and capturing the transition between prebuffet, onset, developed buffet, and offset. High-speed focusing schlieren imaging is employed to extract the temporal and spectral nature of buffet and to deduce key quantities that characterize the unsteadiness. Three-dimensional effects along the span due to interference with the side walls are assessed thoroughly, revealing that phases of upstream shock motion and large separation are accompanied by 3D distortion. Even though this effect gains relevance at reduced aspect ratio, a substantially 2D character of the shock surface around the centerplane is confirmed. Fully developed buffet governed by a 2D buffet mode is proven to exist across all test cases, although the buffet peak condition is gradually shifted toward reduced angle of attack, yet greater Mach number with increased Reynolds number. Conversely, accompanied by severely increased angles of attack, the buffet mechanism appears more volatile for small chord length and is consolidated with enlarged chord, which strongly suggests a dependence on the state of the turbulent boundary layer.
Crossflow-Induced Breakdown and Transition Correlation for a Hypersonic Swept Plate Flow
Authors: Li Gen , Su Caihong
Published: November 2024

The crossflow-induced transition for a Mach 6 flow over a swept plate with a 35 mm nose radius and a sweep angle of 45 deg is investigated using direct numerical simulations (DNSs). In order to shed light on the complete transition process, the evolution of a stationary crossflow wave is first simulated. Then, unsteady wall blowing/suction perturbations are introduced to trigger transition to turbulence. The results show that both the type I and III secondary modes are excited, and they subsequently undergo a linear stage of amplification before breakdown. The type II mode is undetected despite its amplification predicted by the two-dimensional eigenvalue stability approach. Overall, the type I mode achieves a dominant amplitude and plays a key role in the transition. Furthermore, a transition correlation method is proposed based on the dominant secondary instability and threshold amplitude concept, and in order to verify and calibrate it, wall perturbations with different amplitudes are introduced to mimic the varying intensities of the background noise. The transition locations predicted by the most amplified secondary mode agree well with those by DNSs, validating the secondary-instability-based criterion for hypersonic crossflow transition.
Joint Effects of Virtual Surfaces on Anti-Icing and Drag Reduction
Authors: Lu Yijun , Sun Qiangqiang , Choi Kwing-So , Zhang Xin , Mao Xuerui
Published: November 2024

The operation of the anti-icing system of an airplane can modulate its aerodynamics, whilst an aerodynamic control can alter the icing condition. Therefore, one well-designed control strategy can be expected to yield two benefits, which, however, has not been actively investigated. In this work, the constant leading-edge blowing technique is deployed to achieve joint effects on anti-icing and drag reduction, first on an airfoil and then on a half-airplane model. The results indicate that dual virtual surfaces (an inner one and an outer one) wrapping the leading edge are generated by the blowing control. The inner one prevents water droplets from impacting and accumulating on the airfoil by changing their trajectories. The outer one redirects the shear generated by the blowing and promotes its rolling up and vortex shedding, generating low-pressure zones around the upper leading edge and subsequently reducing drag significantly.
Experimental Study on Scale Effects of Kerosene Combustion in Scramjet Combustors
Authors: Li Fan , Li Fei , Zhao Guoyan , Sun Mingbo , Ma Guangwei , Liu Mingjiang , Zhao Chenxiang
Published: November 2024

The combustion characteristics in two geometrically similar kerosene-fueled scramjet combustors with mass flow rates of 0.69 and 1.41 kg/s are experimentally investigated to explore the scale effects of flame stabilization at Mach 2.52 condition. As the equivalence ratio increases, the combustion usually changes from weak to intensive to blow-out mode. The weak combustion has little effect on the flow field, whereas the intensive combustion has the opposite effect. The transition combustion tends to occur between different modes. When the single injector is used, compared with the small-scale combustor, intensive combustion cannot occur in the large-scale combustor, and the flame stability range is also narrower. One probable reason is that as the combustor scale increases, the boundary layer becomes relatively thinner, resulting in a smaller low-velocity zone and a faster mainstream velocity at the downstream wall of the cavity, which is not conducive to the flame propagation upstream to form the intensive combustion. After shortening the isolator, all cases with intensive combustion in the small-scale combustor are transformed into weak combustion, further confirming the speculation. Compared to the single injector, the dual injector is required in the large-scale combustor to achieve intensive combustion and a wider flame stability range.
Thermomechanical Nonlinear Vibration of Axially Loaded Functionally Graded Material Cylindrical Panels Including Porosity
Authors: Tung Hoang Van , Thinh Nguyen Van
Published: November 2024

For the first time, the combined influences of axial compressive load, porosity, geometric imperfection, elastic edge restraint, and elevated temperature on the nonlinear free vibration of functionally graded material (FGM) cylindrical panels are investigated in this paper. Unlike previous studies, the structural model considered in this paper includes practical situations and conditions arising in the design process and application of FGM cylindrical panels. The properties of material constituents are assumed to be temperature-dependent, and the effective properties of porous FGM are determined using a modified rule of mixture. Governing equations in terms of deflection and stress function are established based on first-order shear deformation theory, taking into account von Kármán–Donnell nonlinearity and initial geometric imperfection. Analytical solutions are assumed to satisfy simply supported boundary conditions, and the Galerkin method is applied to derive a time differential equation containing both quadratic and cubic nonlinear terms. This differential equation is numerically integrated employing the fourth-order Runge–Kutta scheme to determine the frequencies of nonlinear free vibration. Parametric studies are carried out to assess numerous effects on both linear and nonlinear frequencies of porous FGM cylindrical panels. The study reveals that natural frequencies are strongly decreased and that frequency nonlinearity is more significant due to axial compressive loads.
KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS SISWA SMA PADA MATERI MATRIKS
Authors: Uup Acep , Nuraida Ida , Fatimah Ai Tusi
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pemahaman matematis siswa SMA pada materi matrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Lumbung sebanyak 6 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah instrumen test yaitu test kemampuan kemampuan pemahaman matematis. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah analisis kemampuan pemahaman matematis yang terdiri dari dua  yaitu pemahaman instrumental dan pemahaman relasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa meskipun keenam siswa dinyatakan memiliki nilai dibawah KKM.
Pengaruh Disiplin Belajar dan Fasilitas Belajar Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas X Manajemen Perkantoran dan Layanan Bisnis di SMKN Mojoagung
Authors: Suharningtyas Akarima , Puspasari Durinda
Published: November 2024

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis: 1) pengaruh disiplin belajar terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas X Manajemen Perkantoran dan Layanan Bisnis di SMK Negeri Mojoagung; 2) pengaruh fasilitas belajar terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas X Manajemen Perkantoran dan Layanan Bisnis di SMK Negeri Mojoagung; 3) pengaruh disiplin belajar dan fasilitas belajar terhadap motivasi belajar siswa Kelas X Manajemen Perkantoran dan Layanan Bisnis di SMK Negeri Mojoagung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplanatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 144 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Proportional Random Sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data terdiri dari uji asumsi klasik, uji regresi linier berganda, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) terdapat pengaruh disiplin belajar terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas X Manajemen Perkantoran dan Layanan Bisnis di SMK Negeri Mojoagung; 2) terdapat pengaruh fasilitas belajar terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas X Manajemen Perkantoran dan Layanan Bisnis di SMK Negeri Mojoagung; 3) terdapat pengaruh disiplin belajar dan fasilitas belajar terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas X Manajemen Perkantoran dan Layanan Bisnis di SMK Negeri Mojoagung
Pelaksanaan Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Pembelajaran Ekonomi Kelas X di SMA Negeri 2 Sukoharjo
Authors: Maharani Dita Aprilia , Martono Trisno
Published: November 2024

Jurnal ini berisi tentang pelaksanana kurikulum merdeka di SMA Ngeri 2 Sukoharjo
PENGARUH LITERASI DIGITAL, KREATIVITAS, PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN, INOVASI, DAN EFIKASI DIRI TERHADAP NIAT BERWIRAUSAHA DIGITAL MAHASISWA FKIP UNS
Authors: Tristianto Muhammad Shevandry , Noviani Leny
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari 1) literasi digital terhadap niat berwirausaha digital, 2) kreativitas terhadap niat berwirausaha digital, 3) pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap niat berwirausaha digital, 4) inovasi terhadap niat berwirausaha digital, dan 5) efikasi diri terhadap niat berwirausaha digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan angkatan 2019,2020, dan 2021 yang berjumlah  5948 mahasiswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan proporsional random sampling. Sampel yang didapat pada penelitian ini sebanyak 375 mahasiswa. Teknik pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan angket kuesioner. Uji validitas menggunakan Pearson correlation product moment dan uji reliabilitas menggunakan Cronbach Alpha. Teknik analisis data penelitian menggunakan statistik deskriptif, analisis regresi linear berganda, uji t, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) literasi digital berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap niat berwirausaha digital dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000, (2) kreativitas berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap niat berwirausaha digital dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000. (3) pendidikan kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap niat berwirausaha digital dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000. (4) inovasi berpengaruh negatif terhadap niat berwirausaha digital dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000. (5) Efikasi diri berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap niat berwirausaha digital dengan nilai signifikansi 0,002
Effectiveness of Dispute Resolution in Religious Courts Through Mediation by Non-Judge Mediators Within Banten
Authors: Majid Saiful , Al Hasan Fahadil Amin , Candra Mardi , Saleh Arief Isdiman
Published: November 2024

Mediation is a method of resolving disputes through a negotiation process with the assistance of either a judge or a non-judge mediator. The Supreme Court of Indonesia set a nationwide aim of 25% for settling disputes by mediation in 2023. However, the actual implementation in the jurisdiction of the Banten Religious High Court is only around 20,7% of the defined target, below the national success rate for religious courts, which has reached 39.85%. One of the main factors is the over-reliance on non-judge mediators and the mediator's ability to lead the mediation. Thus, mediation management must be improved, and the capacity of mediators, particularly non-judges, must be increased. This study seeks to discuss the effectiveness of dispute resolution by non-judge mediators and how to maximize the level of success in settling disputes by non-judge mediators. This article is a descriptive qualitative study using normative juridical and empirical approaches. According to the findings of this study, the mediation process in religious court institutions, particularly in the jurisdiction of the Banten Religious High Court, has not been effective because most of the process is directed by non-judge mediators who are less qualified than judge mediators. To increase the success rate of the mediation implementation process, the court must take the following steps: Rewarding non-judge mediators, organizing coaching and training programs for non-judge mediators, determining national mediation settlement targets by involving non-judge mediators, implementing hybrid mediation (between judge mediators and non-judge mediators); and conducting regular evaluations of a non-judge mediator.
Metaphorical Perceptions of Gifted Students Towards the Phenomenon of Studying Science Lesson
Authors: Kocabaş Gamze , Demirci Tuba
Published: November 2024

In this study, it was aimed to examine the metaphorical perceptions of gifted students towards studying science lesson. The study was conducted with 210 gifted students. Since the study aimed to reveal the metaphorical perceptions of gifted students towards studying science lesson, phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. "Metaphor data collection form" was used as a data collection tool in the study. The metaphor data collection form includes the phenomenon of "Studying science lesson". The form includes that "The phenomenon name (e.g. studying science) is like ....................... Because................" In the study, descriptive analysis was used to analyze student data. Gifted students developed a total of 129 metaphors including 53 different metaphors for the phenomenon of studying science lesson. The phenomenon of studying science lesson was classified into 12 different categories. The categories with the highest number of metaphors were "entertainment and science", respectively. In the study, the most developed metaphors for the phenomenon of "studying science lesson" were "play, life, research, science, knowledge and nature" metaphors. In this study, it was determined that gifted students find studying science lesson very entertaining and have very positive perceptions about studying science lesson.
The assessment of several extraction methods, purification, and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and studying its biological activity
Authors: AL-Mojamaee Nuha Abdulrazaq Hameed , ALtaii Hiyam Adil J.
Published: November 2024

Many Gram-negative bacteria have LPS, a virulent component, on their outer membranes. LPS, a surface structural component protects the outside layer while intoxicating host cells. Research linked LPS to antibiotic tolerance and biofilm formation. LPS induces pathophysiological effects, LPS is pyrogenic, it causes endotoxin shock and induces the clinical manifestations of infections. Therefore, several methods for isolating and purifying LPS have been developed. Extraction, purification, characterization and yields of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were obtained from P. aeruginosa through various methods to determine the pyrogenic effect of extracted LPS (ELPS) in rabbits. The study included the extraction of LPS from P. aeruginosa using manual methods including the modified hot (phenol-water) method, the methanol/ chloroform extraction method and an LPS extraction kit. The extracted LPS was detected and characterized by SDS-PAGE with silver staining and purified with HPLC. The protein and nucleic acid content of Extracted LPS were detected using SDS-PAGE with Coomassie blue staining and gel electrophoresis respectively. The study also determined the pyrogenic effect of extracted LPS (ELPS) in rabbits. Extracted LPS, demonstrated a typical ladder pattern upon silver staining and no contaminating protein was observed by coomassie blue staining and contamination of nucleic acid. In contrast, the extracted LPS without the enzymatic treatments revealed lighter protein and nucleic acid contamination bands. The elevated body temperature of rabbits following intraperitoneal administration of purified LPSs confirmed the functional activity of extracted LPSs. It was concluded from the study that the LPS extracted with manual methods and with an extraction kit showed high purity and yield compared to standard LPS. The modified hot (phenol-water) method showed the highest yield among all three methods. Rabbit pyrogencity testing of extracted LPS demonstrated the endotoxin's biological activity and pyrogenic nature.
К ВОПРОСУ О ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИИ РАННЕСКИФСКИХ ШАТРОВЫХ ПОГРЕБАЛЬНЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ НА СЕВЕРНОМ КАВКАЗЕ
Authors: В.Е. Маслов
Published: November 2024

В статье рассматривается вопрос о происхождения шатровых надмогиль ных сооружений на территории Северного Кавказа на фоне проблемы происхождения раннескифской культуры. Подобные конструкции в степном поясе Восточной Европы пунктирно прослеживаются с эпохи поздней бронзы. Однако распространение ша трообразных конструкций, связанных с появлением раннескифской культуры на Се верном Кавказе, могло быть инновацией, не связанной непосредственно с местны ми степными ритуалами предскифского времени, а было привнесено извне вместе с новыми обрядами и вещами. Выдвинуто предположение об их связи с подобными сооружениями сакской культуры Приаралья. Шатровые конструкции, вероятно, явля лись не воспроизведением жилища, а обобщенной моделью мироздания, которая мог ла сочетаться с идеей Мирового дерева и земного круга.

The paper reviews the origin of tent-roofed constructions placed over the tombs in the North Caucasus in the context of the Early Scythian culture origin. The author suggests their links with similar constructions of the Saka culture in the Aral region. Most likely, tent-roofed constructions did not reproduce a dwelling; instead, they served as a general model of the world that could be related with the idea of the World Tree and the Circle of the World.
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Authors: А.М. Воронцов , О.А. Хомякова
Published: November 2024

Вступительная статья к разделу представляет серию материалов науч ной конференции «Актуальные проблемы археологии лесной зоны Восточной Ев ропы в эпоху Великого переселения народов и древнерусский период» (Москва, 29–30 ноября 2023 г.). Конференция была посвящена юбилею доктора исторических наук, ведущего научного сотрудника отдела археологии эпохи Великого переселе ния народов и раннего Средневековья Инны Васильевны Ислановой. Ключевые слова: лесная зона Восточной Европы, эпоха Великого переселения народов, раннее

The introductory article presents a series of materials from the scientific conference «Proceedings of the scientific conference «Topical problems of archaeology of the forest zone of Eastern Europe in the Great Migration and Ancient Russian peri ods» (Moscow, November 29–30, 2023). The meeting was dedicated to the anniversary of the Doctor of Historical Sciences, leading researcher at the Department of archaeology of the Great Migration period and the Early Middle Ages at the Institute of Archaeology, RAS, Inna Vasilyevna Islanova.
СТЕКЛЯННЫЕ ПОДВЕСКИ И КРУПНЫЕ БУСИНЫ УВЕКСКОГО ГОРОДИЩА ЭПОХИ ЗОЛОТОЙ ОРДЫ В НИЖНЕМ ПОВОЛЖЬЕ
Authors: А.В. Письмарова
Published: November 2024

В работе представлено исследование стеклянных подвесок и крупных бусин Увекского городища, отождествляемого с одним из городов Золотой Орды – Укеком. Выборка включает 21 экз. украшений, рассмотренных как типологически, так и с точки зрения технологии изготовления. Исследование бусин и подвесок Увекского городища позволило определить преобладающие типы и технологию производства, типичные для мастерских Золотой Орды, а также выявить в коллек ции экземпляры, аналогии которым известны в памятниках Средней Азии, поздне кочевнических курганах Поволжья и мордовских могильниках.

The paper describes the study of glass pendants and large beads from the Uvek fortified settlement, which was one of the large Golden Horde cities. The analy sis of the glass pendants helps reconstruct some events of the Golden Horde past related to the development of intercultural relationships. The study sample included 21 items. Such attributes as production technology, ornamentation, form and color were used for typology. All ornamented items have a form typical for beads. The color and the ornamen tation are characteristic of Golden Horde items. The form of the beads and the pendants was determined based on their longitudinal-to-lateral cross-section ratio. The classifica tion of the Uvek pendants made it possible to single out prevailing types of beads and pendants that have analogies in the Golden Horde workshops of the Volga region. Besides, the assemblage in question includes specimens that have parallels in the sites of Central Asia, late nomadic kurgans of the Volga region and Mordovian cemeteries.
ПОГРЕБЕНИЯ С ИНВЕНТАРЕМ ИЗ МУСУЛЬМАНСКОГО НЕКРОПОЛЯ КЫРК-АЗИЗЛЕР (РЕСПУБЛИКА КРЫМ)
Authors: М.Ю. Меньшиков , А.А. Волошинов
Published: November 2024

В статье рассматривается комплекс предметов погребального инвентаря мусульманских погребений золотоордынского периода на могильнике Кырк-Азиз лер (г. Бахчисарай, Республика Крым). Наличие погребального инвентаря является серьезным отклонением от исламского обряда захоронения (джаназы) и позволяет говорить о языческих реминисценциях на первом этапе исламизации тюрок Крыма в золотоордынское время. В статье выделяются группы, которые говорят о функ циональном назначении предметов, помещенных в могилу, приводятся аналогии для датировки находок, что позволяет в целом уточнить хронологию обширного участка кладбища Кырк-Азизлер, большинство погребений которого безынвентарные.

The paper examines a set of items from the funerary offerings retrieved from the early Muslim burials of the Golden Horde period. Islamic necropolis Kyrk Azyzler is located in the outskirts of the city of Bakhchisarai (Republic of Crimea). Pre sence of funerary offerings is a major violation of the established Islamic burial tradition (janazah) and suggests pagan reminiscences during the first stage of the Turkic popula tion Islamization in Crimea during the Golden Horde period. The paper presents infor mation concerning functional groups and chronology of objects deposited in the grave. It also provides analogies for dating the finds which is helpful in clarifying the overall chronology of a large part of the Kyrk-Azyzler cemetery, where most of the graves do not contain funerary offerings.
ПОЛИВНЫЕ КЕРАМИЧЕСКИЕ ЧАШКИ ИЗ РАСКОПОК 2019–2021 гг. В МОСКОВСКОМ КРЕМЛЕ
Authors: К.И. Панченко
Published: November 2024

В статье дано описание найденных во время раскопок в Московском Кремле поливных керамических чашек (елейниц). Сосуды были обнаружены в сло ях усадебной застройки середины – последней четверти XV в. В первую очередь отмечается бытовой, а не ритуальный характер чашек. Даются их морфологические и технологические характеристики. Особое внимание уделено чашке с уникальным штампованным декором на поверхности изделия. Рассматривается один из возмож ных вариантов символического значения изображенного на этом сосуде хищного зверя.

Тhe paper describes glazed ceramic vessels (ampullae for holding holy oil) found during excavations in the Moscow Kremlin. The vessels were found in the layers of estate housing development of the middle – last quarter of the 15th century. The pa per points out that these vessels were intended for domestic rather than religious use. It provides their morphological and technological characteristics. The most notable item is a vessel with a unique stamped decoration on its surface. The paper explores one of the possible variants explaining symbolic meaning of a predatory animal depicted on the vessel.
ПОЯСНАЯ ГАРНИТУРА ИЗ КОСТИ И РОГА КУЛЬТУРНОГО КРУГА ЛОЛА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ХРОНОЛОГИИ, КУЛЬТУРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ И МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНЫХ КОНТАКТОВ
Authors: Р.А. Мимоход
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена анализу поясной гарнитуры из кости и рога куль турного круга Лола. В ней охарактеризованы все известные на сегодняшний день поясные пряжки и подвески лолинской и невинномысской культур, а также волго- уральской культурной группы. Установлена их хронология как в рамках отдельных культур, так и в рамках всего посткатакомбного блока. Раскрываются механизмы происхождения отдельных типов поясной гарнитуры, которые связаны с Кавказом и собственным формотворчеством. На примере костяных и роговых пряжек рекон струируются межкультурные связи культурного круга Лола с носителями бабин ских и покровских традиций.

The paper analyzes a belt set made of bone and antler that is ascribed to the Lola cultural traditions. It characterizes all belt buckles and pendants of the Lola and Nevinnomyssk cultures as well as the Volga-Urals cultural group known to date. It also determines their chronology both within separate cultures and within the entire post-Cat acomb family of cultures. The paper describes the mechanisms of origin of some belt set types linked to the Caucasus as well as specific types of belt sets developed by the afore mentioned populations. The bone and antler buckles are used to reconstruct intercultural links between the Lola contexts and the Babino and Pokrovka traditions.
Relevance of Non-Contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) Based Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) in Predicting Severity of Acute Ischemic Stroke at Presentation and Its Functional and Cognitive Outcome at 90 Days
Authors:   Department of Neurology, ABVIMS and Dr RMLH, New Delhi, India, J Garg , KS Anand ,   Department of Neurology, ABVIMS and Dr RMLH, New Delhi, India, AK Duggal ,   Department of Neurology, ABVIMS and Dr RMLH, New Delhi, India, A Bhattacharya ,   Department of Neurology, ABVIMS and Dr RMLH, New Delhi, India
Published: November 2024

Introduction: ASPECTS is a NCCT based topographic scoring system that provides quantitative measure of early ischemic changes. The score was initially developed for evaluating candidacy for stroke thrombolysis but currently also predicts functional and cognitive outcomes of stroke. Methods: 35 patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting within 48 hours of onset were included in the study. NIHSS score was ascertained at presentation and ASPECTS score was calculated (less than 6 and 6 or greater). On presentation NIHSS score and length of hospital stay were considered to be markers of early severity and mRS and MOCA scores were assessed at 90 days. Patients with MoCA less than 26 were considered to be having post stroke cognitive impairment. Results: Correlation between ASPECTS and NIHSS, stay length, 90-day mRS and MoCA were -0.452, -0.632, -0.778, 0.618 respectively. ASPECTS of less than 6 by univariate analysis was seen to be a risk factor for more severe strokes in acute setting with greater morbidity and cognitive decline at 90 days. Cardioembolic strokes also tended to have greater post stroke cognitive decline. Discussion: Poorer ASPECTS score at admission had greater stroke severity in acute phase and has worse long-term outcomes both in terms of functional and cognitive impairment and a cut off of less than 6 can be considered for the same. Conclusion: ASPECTS score is a surrogate marker of early and long-term stroke severity and its impacts.
VDD-ICD Implantation in a Patient with Dextrocardia and Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Kássa Krisztián István , Som Zoltán , Kardos Attila , Földesi Csaba
Published: November 2024

We present the case of a 52-year-old female patient on optimal medical therapy (OMT) for heart failure with severely reduced ejection fraction. She was diagnosed with dextrocardia and congenital corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) by echocardiography. Despite 3 months of OMT and a persisting NYHA II functional state, she was referred for primary prevention ICD implantation. At admission echocardiography revealed a hypertrophic systemic ventricle with an ejection fraction of 27%. Cardiac CT confirmed ccTGA, dextrocardia, a normal extracardiac and epicardial venous system. Coronary artery disease was excluded. Our team opted for left-sided VDD-ICD implantation in case of a need for AV-synchronous pacing and to enhance arrhythmia discrimination. An active fixation shock lead was placed in the mid-septal region of the functional right ventricle. The defibrillation threshold test (DFT) was successful at 20 J. No periprocedural complications were observed. At the 12-month ambulatory visit, device interrogation showed good function, no detected arrhythmias, and no antitachycardia therapy was delivered. Preoperative imaging is essential prior to any invasive cardiac procedure in patients with congenital heart disease. Performing a DFT test at adult congenital heart disease patients may be reasonable.
A bal kamrai elektróda izolált kimozdulása: a pacemaker reel/twiddler szindrómájának egy szokatlan esete
Authors: Kássa Krisztián István , Késői Bence , Breuer Tamás , Som Zoltán , Földesi Csaba , Kardos Attila
Published: November 2024

Bevezetés: A pacemakerek és egyéb beültethető kardiális elektronikus eszközök reelszindrómája egy ritka, de ismert szövődmény, amely az elektródák kimozdulását és diszlokációját eredményezheti. Esetleírás: A 64 éves, noniszkémiás etiológiájú, csökkent ejekciós frakciójú szívelégtelenség miatt kezelt, 2 évvel korábban primer prevenciós reszinkronizációs terápiával kombinált defibrillátor- (CRT-D-) implantációban részesült férfi betegünket élete első ICD-sokkja miatt vizsgálatuk intézetünkben. A megelőző 1 évben pacemakerkontrollon nem jelent meg. EKG-n jobb kamrai septalis pacemakerritmust láttunk, a készülék leolvasása során a terápia adekvátnak bizonyult, azonban bal kamrai érzékelés és küszöb nem volt mérhető. A mellkasröntgenen megfelelő pitvari és sokkleadpozíció mellett a szív vetületében bal kamrai elektróda nem ábrázolódott. Rákérdezésre a páciensünk elmondta, hogy gyakori szúró és viszkető érzés miatt gyakran manipulálta a CRT-D-generátor helyét. A telep feltárása során a bal kamrai lead izolált felcsavarodását észleltük a generátor körül, így a régi bal kamrai lead eltávolítása, illetve egy új lead implantációja mellett döntöttünk. Megbeszélés: A végleges pacemakerrel és beültethető defibrillátorral élő pácienseink alapos tájékoztatása és rendszeres kontrollja elengedhetetlen. Egyes betegeknél előfordulhat a készülék generátorának migrációja, amely az elektródák kimozdulását okozhatja. Az elektróda és a generátor megfelelő rögzítésével ezen szövődmények gyakorisága csökkenthető.
A mitrális prolapszus nem mindig banális: egy korai preeclampsia ritka szövődménye
Authors: Papp Tímea , Ráduly Arnold , Fülöp László , Szegedi Andrea , Győry Ferenc , Varga István , Csanádi Zoltán , Nagy-Baló Edina
Published: November 2024

A preeclampsia (PE) terhességi hipertóniával, célszervkárosodással, uteroplacentáris diszfunkció jelenlétével járó kórkép, amely az anyai és magzati halálozás egyik vezető oka. A 33. terhességi hétben járó, 38 éves nulliparát hipertónia, alsó végtagi ödéma, nagyfokú dyspnoe miatt vettük fel a Debreceni Egyetem Klinikai Központ Nőgyógyászati, majd Kardiológiai Klinikájára. A laboratóriumi és képalkotó vizsgálatok alapján a panaszok hátterében korai PE igazolódott. A differenciáldiagnosztika részeként transthoracalis echokardiográfia (TTE) vizsgálat történt, amelynek során kiinduláskor megtartott balkamra-funkció mellett mitrális prolapszus talaján kialakult, enyhe mitrális regurgitáció (MR) ábrázolódott. A progrediáló dyspnoéra tekintettel 3 nappal később ismételt TTE készült, amelyen jelentős progresszióként súlyos MR képe látszott 3. stádiumú diasztolés diszfunkció mellett, enyhén csökkent bal kamrai ejekciós frakcióval (EF: 45%). Az újszülöttkori respirációs distressz szindróma profilaxisa komplett volt. Tekintettel a PE korai változatára, illetve a gyors progresszióra, sürgősségi császármetszés mellett döntöttünk, amely szövődménymentesen megtörtént, a terhességi kornak megfelelő érettségben egy egészséges magzatot emeltek ki. A posztoperatív szak eseménymentes volt, a balkamra-funkció enyhe csökkenésére tekintettel szívelégtelenség-bázisterápiát állítottunk be. Parenterális diuretikum mellett az ödémák kiürültek, az MR mérséklődött. A páciens hazabocsátása után, az 1 hetes kontroll során már csak jelzett prolapszus volt látható MR nélkül, normalizálódott balkamra-funkcióval. A mitrális prolapszus, ha a terhesség PE-vel szövődik, súlyos MR kialakulásához vezethet. A terhesség folytatásának kérdése egyéni, speciális mérlegelést igényel ezekben az esetekben.
A polivaszkuláris ateroszklerotikus megbetegedés (PolyVD) jelentősége: prognózis, szűrés és terápia
Authors: Kolossváry Endre
Published: November 2024

Az ateroszklerózis mint generalizált érmegbetegedés különböző mértékben érintheti az egyes érellátási területeket (carotis, koszorúerek, alsó végtagi artériák, veseartériák, aorta). A polivaszkuláris megbetegedés a több mint egy érellátási terület ateroszklerotikus megbetegedését jelenti. Szemben a kizárólag egy érterület érintettségével, a sok érterületi forma – mint változatos fenotípus – számos epidemiológiai kutatás eredménye szerint fokozott kardiovaszkuláris kockázat (megbetegedés és halálozás) hordozója. Míg a prognózis alapján a változatos megjelenés felismerése fontosnak tekinthető, az egyes érterületi szűrő jellegű vizsgáló eljárások a betegség felismerésére adottak, addig adatok arra nézve, hogy a tünetmentes állapotok szűréssel való kimutatása érdemben megváltoztathatja a kezelési startégiát, kevéssé állnak rendelkezésre. Új gyógyszerterápiás vizsgálatok alcsoportelemzése alapján a polivaszkuláris megbetegedés proaktív, intenzív kezelése (antilipaemiás, antitrombotikus), a biztonságosság figyelembevételével javasoltnak tekinthető. Nagy szükség lenne olyan terápiás klinikai vizsgálatok tervezésére, amelyek esetén a polivaszkuláris kórforma különböző fenotípusai szolgálnának vizsgálati csoportként. E fokozott kockázatnak kitett betegcsoport optimális kezelése, a betegmenedzsment több szakterület képviselőinek hathatós együttműködését igényli.
Statistical Analysis of HAADF-STEM Images to Determine the Surface Coverage and Distribution of Immobilized Molecular Complexes
Authors: Jeon Sungho , Nedzbala Hannah S. , Huffman Brittany L. , Pearce Adam J. , Donley Carrie L. , Jia Xiaofan , Bein Gabriella P. , Choi Jihoon , Durand Nicolas , Atallah Hala , Castellano Felix N. , Dempsey Jillian L. , Mayer James M. , Hazari Nilay , Stach Eric A.
Published: November 2024

The surface immobilization of molecular catalysts is attractive because it combines the benefits of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. However, determining the surface coverage and distribution of a molecular catalyst on a solid support is often challenging, inhibiting our ability to design improved catalytic systems. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and image analysis of the individual positions of heavy atoms in transition metal complexes via a convolutional neural network (CNN) allows statistically robust determination of the surface coverage and distribution of immobilized molecular catalysts. These observations provide information about how changes in the functionalization conditions, attachment group, and structure of the molecular catalyst affect the surface coverage and distribution, providing insight into the chemical mechanism of surface immobilization. The method could be generally valuable for correlating the surface coverage and distribution to the activity, selectivity, and stability of a catalytic system.
Stable and responsive atropisomerism around a carbon–iodine bond
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko , Abe Shohei , Kikuchi Jun , Matsumoto Arimasa
Published: November 2024

Atropisomerism, a critical form of molecular chirality originating from restricted bond rotation, enhances molecular diversity and plays a fundamental role in drug discovery, enantioselective catalysis, and materials science. While atropisomers with chiral axes composed of second-row elements, especially bulky biaryls, are common, stable atropisomerism around a “heavy” axis involving third-row or heavier elements remains rare. Here, we expand the scope of atropisomerism to the carbon–iodine bond, introducing the first stable atropisomers around this exceptionally long, flexible axis. Through a molecular design combining a conformationally restricted benziodoxole (BX) scaffold with a bulky fused aryl (Rind) groups, we achieve rotational barriers around the aryl–iodine bond exceeding 30 kcal mol–1 and racemization half-lives surpassing 50 years at room temperature, establishing the C–I bond as a viable stereogenic element. Notably, these C–I atropisomers exhibit acid-responsive racemization rates that vary with acidity, enabling semi-static or dynamic atropisomerism. This feature allows these compounds to serve as 19F-labeled NMR probes for weak chiral acids and as substrates for deracemization mediated by strong chiral acids.
Substantiation of the stages of interventions in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis with combined lesions of coronary arteries and lower extremity arteries
Authors: Gabrielian А. V. , Cheveliuk O. V.
Published: November 2024

Objective. To study the features of staged interventions in patients with combined lesions of coronary arteries and arteries of the lower extremities.
Materials and Methods. The results of surgical treatment of 26 patients with combined lesions of coronary arteries and lower extremity arteries for the period from 2016 to 2023, the first stage of which was myocardial revascularization, were analyzed, and the data of 22 patients who underwent revascularization of the lower extremity arteries before 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The operations were performed without cardiopulmonary bypass. Venous and arterial graphs were used.
Results. The postoperative period was uneventful in 35 (73%) patients. Perioperative complications were assessed according to the presence of major adverse cardiovascular events. Among the complications in the intra­ and postoperative period, myocardial infarction was observed in 5 (23%) patients who underwent revascularization of the lower extremity arteries (p < 0.001), which was accompanied by longer mechanical ventilation and higher doses of vasopressor and inotropic support in the intensive care unit. Problems associated with increased lower extremity ischemia were noted in 5 (19%) patients who underwent myocardial revascularization as the first step (p < 0.005).
Conclusions. In the case of combined lesions of the coronary arteries and arteries of the lower extremities, coronary artery bypass grafting should always be performed first. If coronary pathology is not corrected, the risk of perioperative myocardial infarction, fatal arrhythmia, and death increases.
Comparative characteristics of minimally invasive and classical (median sternotomy) methods of coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Beleiovych V. V. , Filianin S. I. , Goncharenko M. M. , Antonenko V. V.
Published: November 2024

Objective. To analyze the results and comparative characteristics of minimally invasive and classical coronary artery bypass grafting in multivessel coronary artery disease and the presence of critical stenosis.
Materials and Methods. Over the past two years, the National Scientific Center of Surgery and Transplantation named after O. O. Shalimov performed mini­invasive coronary artery bypass grafting for multivessel lesions of the coronary arteries in 27 patients (group 1). The comparative study also included 27 patients operated on using the classical method (group 2). The average age of patients was (53.1 ± 3.9) years. There were 46 men (85.2%) and 8 women (14.8%). According to the main indicators, including the number of affected coronary arteries, age, physiological parameters, etc., the groups did not differ statistically significantly. The main methods of the study were coronary angiography, multislice computed tomography of the coronary arteries with 3D reconstruction of the architecture of the great vessels, chest and heart.
Results. During the follow­up of patients in both groups for up to a year after the operation, no clinical manifestations of angina and heart failure were noted, which gives reason to state the good function of the shunts.
Intra­ and postoperative complications in group 1 occurred in 2 patients: the need for conversion due to cardiac rhythm and hemodynamics (1) and repeated thoracotomy due to bleeding from the arterial shunt (1). In group 2, complications also occurred in 2 patients: sternal diastasis requiring sternoplasty (1) and surgical wound exudation requiring the installation of a vacuum device for 4 days with subsequent secondary suturing (1).
Conclusions. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting is a safe method of myocardial revascularization in multivessel coronary artery disease and critical stenosis. The technique allows for rapid rehabilitation and shorter hospital stays, which is economically beneficial for the hospital. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting can be considered as an alternative to the classical method of coronary artery bypass grafting with midline sternotomy.