bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bootstrap Methods for Estimating the Confidence Interval for the Parameter of Zero-Truncated Poisson-Garima Distribution and Their Application
Authors: Panichkitkosolkul Wararit , Kesamoon Chainarong , Vesarachasart Sirichan
Published: December 2024

The zero-truncated count data are of primary interest in several areas such as biological science, medical science, demography, ecology, etc. Recently, the zero-truncated Poisson-Garima distribution has been proposed for such data. However, the confidence interval of its parameter has not yet been examined. In this paper, confidence interval estimation based on percentile, simple, biased-corrected and accelerated bootstrap methods, as well as the bootstrap-t interval, was examined in terms of coverage probability and average length via Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that attaining the nominal confidence level using the bootstrap methods was not possible for small sample sizes regardless of the other settings. Moreover, when the sample size was large, the performances of the methods were not substantially different. Overall, it is observed that the bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap methods outperformed the others, even for small sample sizes. Lastly, the bootstrap methods were used to calculate the confidence interval for the zero-truncated Poisson-Garima parameter via two numerical examples, the results of which match those from the simulation study.
Optimized Ultrasound-Assisted Peracetic acid pretreatment approach for enhanced sugars and decreased inhibitors for bio-ethanol production from OPEFB
Authors: Poludasu Ramamohan , Piyarat Boonsawang , Benjamas Cheirsilp
Published: December 2024

The Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) constitutes the primary solid waste produced by the palm oil sector. This study aims to identify the best pretreatment conditions for increasing the sugars yield and lowering that of inhibitors in ultrasonic-treated OPEFB biomass using PAA. To study the individual and combined effects of pretreatment independent process variables, such as PAA concentration, sonication time, and temperature on the response variables glucose, xylose, arabinose, furfural, and HMF response surface approach, the central composite design (CCD) model was used. According to the findings from response surface analysis, the optimal conditions to obtain the highest sugar yield with the least amount of inhibitors were PAA concentration (10%), sonication time (120 min), and temperature (60ºC) for pretreatment, which produced 32.19, 15.83, and 5.92 g/L of glucose, xylose, and arabinose sugars, respectively, and about 1.86 and 3.2 g/L of furfural and HMF, respectively. The strong agreement observed between the experimental and predicted results. Detoxification with activated carbon, results in decreasing the inhibitory compounds in the hydrolysate. Subsequent fermentation studies demonstrated that hydrolysate with higher sugar content resulted in achieving a greater ethanol yield (67.5 g/L) than low ultrasonicated OPEFB (56.7 g/L).
Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet leaf extract supported nanosilver particles: Characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activity
Authors: Rabha Deepak , Sarma Himangshu , Borah Manjit , Ghose Vivek , Barman Dharmeswar , Rao Someswar , Sarma Hemanta Kumar , Devi Rajlakshmi , Boruah Dulal Chandra
Published: December 2024

Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized in numerous ways, due to their diverse applications, including green procedures that used an extract of plants for the reduction of metal ions. This study delineates the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the leaf extract of Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet (CJ) and assesses the antioxidant as well as antibacterial characteristics. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was accomplished by reacting the aqueous leaf extract of the plant with a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3). The creation of AgNPs was indicated by the visual colour change of the reaction concoction from golden to deep brown and the absorption peak at 442 nanometer (nm) in the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and the High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) images have revealed the generated AgNPs as spherical and oblate in shape which is 20-40 nm in size, whereas X-Ray power Diffraction evaluation revealed the crystalline feature. The existence of functional groups of synthesized AgNPs was detected by the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrum. The synthesized AgNPs showed free radical scavenging activity using 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl assay with IC50 value, 7.02±1 μg/mL. The antibacterial assay showed an effective activity towards E. Coli and S. aureus by developing a well-defined zone of inhibition. The results of this study accentuate the biomedical potential of the above-mentioned plant, though further research is needed to implement it in clinical practice.
A review: Hydrotalcite layers as protective coatings on zinc and zinc alloys
Authors: Thi Xuan Hang To , Pham Thu Thuy , Nguyen Thuy Duong , Olivier Marie-Georges
Published: December 2024

In recent years, there has been significant research and development in area of corrosion prevention and protection, focusing on hydrotalcites layers on zinc and zinc alloys due to their distinct attributes, such as their capability to accommodate anions, ability to exchange anions, capability  for structural memory, and its resistance to barriers. This review primarily aims to summarize findings related to how the formation of HT layers on zinc and zinc alloys is affected by various synthesis conditions. Besides, we compared and deliberated upon HT layers' anti-corrosion mechanism and corrosion protection.
A characteristic property of Sasakian manifolds
Authors: Lotarets Liana
Published: December 2024

We study the case when a unit vector field ξ on a Riemannian manifold (M,g) defines an isometric embedding ξ:(M,g)→(T1M, G), where G is the Riemannian g-natural metric. The main goal is to find conditions under which the submanifold ξ(M)⊂(T1M, G) can be totally geodesic. It is proved that the Reeb vector field of a K-contact metric structure on M gives rise to totally geodesic ξ(M) if and only if the structure is Sasakian. As a by-product, we find the expression for the second fundamental form of ξ(M)⊂(T1M, G).
Self-assessment of entrepreneurial potential and actual intentions to start a business Depending on the chosen field and language of study
Authors: Boratyn Jakub , Mróz Michalina
Published: December 2024

Background: : This article aligns with contemporary approaches to defining entrepreneurship by examining not only its core essence but also the entrepreneurial potential, personality traits, and behavioral dynamics necessary to identify an individual as entrepreneurial.
Research objectives: By examining the entrepreneurial landscape among students at the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow (UITM), the article explores the connections between academic specialization, field of study, and entrepreneurial aspirations, focusing on both the potential and intention to initiate business ventures. Based on data from a survey of 1,526 students, representing 29.8% of UITM's total student population, the study offers a representative and comparable research sample encompassing various educational paths in both Polish and English programs.
Results: The research findings reveal how students' entrepreneurial potential is distributed across various academic disciplines, emphasizing the correlations between their chosen field of study and entrepreneurial potential. Additionally, the article examines the relationships between the urge to start a business and factors such as employment status, language of study, and field of study. It also summarizes the impact of academic programs in specific specializations, as well as support mechanisms, on entrepreneurship development.
Conclusions: The study validates two research hypotheses: first, that the chosen field of study affects entrepreneurial potential and the likelihood of starting a business; and second, that the language of study influences the intention to launch one's own business in the near future.
Avrupa Birliği Üyeliğine Aday Olan Ülkelerin Çevre Kirliliğine Uygulanan Şokların Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Tütüncü Asiye , Demirci Aksoy Aybala
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye gibi AB üyeliğine aday konumunda olan ülkelerin çevresel kirlilik seviyesinde yaşanan şokların kalıcı/geçici olma durumunun incelenmesidir. Bu doğrultuda, 1993-2022 dönemi boyunca karbondioksit emisyonu ve ekolojik ayak izi verileri temin edilebilen 9 aday ülkeden 7 ülke dikkate alınmıştır. Günümüz itibariyle AB’ye aday ülke konumunda olan ülkeler, Arnavutluk, Bosna Hersek, Gürcistan, Moldova, Karadağ, Kuzey Makedonya, Sırbistan, Türkiye ve Ukrayna’dır. AB aday ülke konumunda olmalarına rağmen Avrupa İstatistik Ofisi verilerine göre, AB’den en çok atık ithal eden ve nehirlerde kirlilik oranı yüksek olan ekonomiler, bu ülkeler arasında bulunmaktadırlar. Bu bağlamda ülkelerin çevresel bozulmalarını azaltabilmesi ve etkin politika kararlarının alınabilmesinde değişkenlerin uzun dönemli hareketlerinin belirlenebilmesi önem arz etmektedir. SURADF, CADF ve BCIPS panel birim kök testlerinin kullanıldığı analizlerde, değişkenlerin genel olarak birim köke sahip olduğu, çevre kirliliğine uygulanan şokların etkisinin kalıcı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Avrupa Birliği üyeliğine aday olan ülkeler bazında CO2 emisyonu ve ekolojik ayak izi değişkenlerine yönelik bireysel sonuçlar incelendiğinde ise, her iki değişken için Moldova’da şokların etkisi geçici iken, diğer ülkelerde şokların etkisinin kalıcı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ekolojik ayak izi için Moldova’nın yanı sıra Gürcistan’da da şokların etkisinin geçici, diğer ülkelerde kalıcı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Facilitators’ Professional Qualities as Correlates of Learning Outcomes among Learners of Non-formal Education (LNE) in Sokoto, Nigeria: Implications for Educational Counselling
Authors: Akanbi Yusuf Murtala , Tsagem Shehu Yahaya
Published: December 2024

The importance of facilitators in attainment of learning outcomes in adult and non-formal education centres cannot be over-emphasized. This can only be possible if the facilitators possess the requisites professional qualities. It is on this note that the study examined facilitators’ professional qualities as correlates of learning outcomes among LNE in Sokoto, Nigeria and implications for educational counselling. Quantitative research of correlational design was used for this study. The population of this study was 3464 learners (LNE) and 68 Basic Literacy Facilitators in 3 Basic Literacy Centres of the Agency for Mass Education, Sokoto. A sample size of 380 basic literacy learners was proportionately selected while the whole of 68 Basic Literacy facilitators were used. Proforma, Facilitators’ Demographic Scale (FDS) and Facilitators Andragogical Competence Scale (FACS) were the instruments used for data collection. The reliability coefficient indexes (α) of 0.86 and 0.82 were obtained for the FACS and FDS respectively. Demographic data were presented using frequency and percentages. The null hypotheses were tested with the use of PPMC at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that educational qualification, andragogical competencies and years of experience are very vital to the realization of the learning outcomes of adult and non-formal education learners. The study recommends that opportunities should be given to facilitators to acquire further qualifications and the experienced facilitators should be retained and motivated while on-the job training opportunities in from of seminar, conferences mentorship should be given to facilitators to enhance their andragogical competence
Do VAT zero tax rates and deductions qualify as tax benefits?
Authors:   International Law Firm “Lexefiscal”, Shved Yuliya N. ,   Belarusian State University
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the value added tax (VAT) as a consumption tax shapes the design of its mechanism, enabling the transfer of the tax burden from the manufacturer (supplier) to subsequent stages in the production and distribution chain, ultimately reaching the final consumer (“passing through” process). In the context of foreign economic activities, the principle of neutrality in conjunction with the principles of territoriality and the country of destination allows mitigating any distorting impact that the tax might have on economic decisions and behaviour of businesses and consumers. The implementation of these principles during exports assumes that a taxpayer calculates VAT at a zero rate while retaining the ability to deduct the input tax. If there is a negative difference between the total amount of VAT and tax deductions, the respective state is responsible for compensating this deficit. These combined actions make it possible to effectively remove the VAT that is initially included in the cost of export items. In both academic literature and legal practice, there is an ongoing lack of consensus regarding whether the zero rate and tax deductions should be classified as tax benefits or viewed as mandatory components of the tax calculation process. This issue remains relevant because it hinges on the voluntary nature of applying the taxpayer’s legal right to use tax benefits, which operates as a legally permitted but discretionary option. Conversely, the reference to the calculation procedure makes their application obligatory. The aim of the research to scrutinize the elements within the VAT calculation mechanism, specifically the zero rate and deductions, which play a crucial role in maintaining tax neutrality in export activities. This analysis helps to discern whether taxpayers may utilize these constructs voluntarily (as a choice) or if they are obligatory (as a mandate). Research methods are dialectical, analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparative legal analysis. A tax benefit can be defined as a specific legal framework that provides certain categories of taxpayers of a particular tax with additional legal benefits resulting in a quantifiable economic advantage. For any phenomenon to be classified as a tax benefit, it must align with the attributes delineated in the definition of the “tax benefit” category. The zero rate, applied within the framework of VAT calculation for export operations, is considered a tax benefit. The right to apply it is contingent upon meeting specific conditions as stipulated by tax legislation. In contrast to the zero rate, VAT deductions are not categorized as tax benefits; they are a mandatory component in calculating the amounts of VAT that are due for payment.
Chronotope of hunting in the series of essays A Sportsman’s Sketches by Ivan Turgenev
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Lyapina Alina V.
Published: December 2024

The relevance of this study is associated with the insufficient development of the methodology for analyzing a hunting story, the genre features of which were fully revealed in Ivan Turgenev’s cycle. In the article, Turgenev’s A Sportsman’s Sketches cycle is considered for the first time in the context of the problem of the development of hunting literature, which arose in the middle of the 19th century during the transformation of national life. The aim of the article was to describe the genre model of a hunting story based on the essays A Sportsman’s Sketches. The analysis of the works in the aspect of chronotope made it possible to identify groups of key motifs (spatio-temporal, ontological, axiological, social), conditioned by both the specifics of hunting and the author’s attitude to it. The motifs of journey, meeting and trusting relationship between people determine the plot lines. The motifs of remembrance, trusting relationship with nature, fear of nature, death, equality of all living beings before the laws of being, irreversibly passing time, aesthetic contemplation of nature demonstrate the nature of the interaction of man and nature, testify to the deep connections of man with the origins of national life, with its powerful moral impulses. In the categories of hunting, Turgenev created an image of the serfdom era, with its social conflict and instability. Turgenev’s attitude to serfdom is represented by a number of motifs: social inequality; bad signs of the life of serf owners: cruelty, imitation of fashion, passivity, inability to adapt to life; the relationship between the master and the peasant woman. The motif of equality of the participants in the hunt, realized in the stories, testifies to the social transformations that have begun in the country. In his works, Turgenev contributed a lot to the formation of a positive image of Russian hunting and a hunter, a person for whom wandering with a gun over his shoulder was not ultimately burdened by the thirst for prey. A type of a hunter close to him is a person with a developed sense of self-worth, sensitive to the life of nature and the lives of others, possessing a free mind and an independent character. It is concluded that Turgenev actualized the basic values of Russian life: freedom, a sense of universal equality and national unity, deep knowledge and understanding of nature, its integrity and beauty, which were fully manifested in hunting activities. The writer created a dialogical model of interaction between man, nature and society. Only in dialogue can any forms of life manifest themselves: man–nature, man–man, man–society.
The nature of the discursive-rhetorical structure of the tragedy Antigone (1637) by Jean de Rotrou
Authors:   Library named after A.S. Pushkin, Simonova Larisa A.
Published: December 2024

Jean de Rotrou belongs to the generation of playwrights (Mairet, Tristan L`Hermite, Scudery, Corneille), whose work is associated with the renewal of the tragic genre returning to the French stage in the 1630s, which overcomes its dependence on the models of ancient and humanistic drama, and begins to develop on other poetological grounds (which becomes most obvious if we focus on the principle of functioning of different levels of the dramatic structure of a separate play). The text of Antigone ( Rotrou’s second tragedy after The Death of Hercules) helps to discover to what extent the classicist tragedy of the 1630s continues to reproduce ready-made examples of a dramaturgically mastered mythological plot (in this case, the tragedies of Sophocles and Euripides) and how the author tries to overcome the rigid, stable semantic code of the myth (essentially dominant in the text) due to the activation of social and ethical meanings that are relevant and polemically acute. The identification in the discursive-rhetorical system, along with the mythological (the most archaic) level, of political (designed for the modern sound of the play) and psychological (given by tragicomedic sentimentality) ones, and the determination of the meaning of each of them in the tragic conflict allows us to identify the nature of the independence of Rotrou’s dramatic writing and understand the connection between his early tragedies with later ones – such masterpieces as Venceslas and Cosroes, and see the influence of his works on Corneille’s theater. In Antigone, the mythology of the ancestral curse is combined with criticism of tyranny: the arbitrariness of the violence of power destroys it itself. Rotrou transfers into his text the matrix of myth, which constrains and limits his dramatic writing. Rotrou sets out to prove the relevance of myth; however, becoming dependent on it, he confirms the opposite. Absolute trust in the authority of myth inhibits the constructive (in accordance with the semantic vector outlined by historically relevant political issues and interest in the personal, revealed through the love-psychological conflict) development of tragedy. The analysis of the texts of Rotrou’s tragedies with their multi-level structure shows that French classicist drama is formed from this unstable diversity, determined by the often disordered collision of the archaic (mythological) and the modern.
The Krasnoyarsk text in The Yenisey Almanac for 1828: The problem of the beginning of local cultural genesis
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Srmikyan Violetta S.
Published: December 2024

This article studies the formation of the Krasnoyarsk text of Russian literature using the precedent-setting case of the first almanac in the newly formed Yeniseysk Governorate. The focus is on the kulturträger activities of Governor A.P. Stepanov and publication of The Yenisey Almanac for 1828 ventured by him, which is considered from the perspective of local cultural genesis. The methodological basis of the study was the works on the semiotics of space by Yu.M. Lotman and V.N. Toporov, the studies on the theory of local text by V.I. Tyupa and V.V. Abashev, on imagology and imaginary geography by V.S. Kiselev and P.V. Alekseev, and study of cultural seats by N.K. Piksanov. The research revealed the roles of M.M. Speransky’s reforms and the work of the first Yeniseysk governor A.P. Stepanov in the formation of the literary space of Krasnoyarsk and the inception of educational and cultural institutions in the Yenisey Siberia. This article provides a comparative analysis of reviews of The Yenisey Almanac for 1828 published in the metropolitan periodicals – the journals Moskovsky Vestnik (1828), Otechestvennye Zapiski [Notes of the Fatherland] (1828), Moscow Telegraph (1828), Syn Otechestva [Son of the Fatherland] (1828), and the Northern Flowers literary almanac (1828). The poetics of the works of fiction in the collection was analyzed in the context of the administrative and kulturträger activities of its authors. The article also analyses the composition of The Yenisey Almanac and elicits and substantiates the thematic and motif-figurative unity of the prose – the literary sketch part, on the one hand, and the poetic part, on the other. The explored artistic strategies and techniques for creating the image of Krasnoyarsk and the Yenisey Siberia include orientation to the Creation myth, mapping of home space, legitimation by ancientry, inclusion of the Yenisey Siberia in the context of great Russian history, romanticization, the desire to show the region as a more southern one, the image of the Yenisey as symbolic the core that unites the territory. It may be concluded that The Yenisey Almanac for 1828 became the starting point in the formation of the Krasnoyarsk text of Russian literature and the beginning of literary activity in the region. A major role in this was played by A.P. Stepanov, who became a kind of a cultural hero of a historical and geographical region that suddenly acquired its own identity.
Diplomatic heritage of A. A. Gromyko
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Abramova Alena V.
Published: December 2024

The research examines and analyses the diplomatic heritage of A.A. Gromyko for the modern foreign policy of the Russian Federation. The study aimed to determine the impact of A.A. Gromyko`s work on the contemporary position of Russia in the world. It was also to identify appropriate strategies and ways of responding to different challenges of the international environment. The study applies empirical and experimental-theoretical methods. Among the sources utilized in the research, we can identify biographical data about the life and work of A.A. Gromyko, memoirs of his contemporaries and colleagues, including G. Kissinger, K. Kudryashov, Y. Dubinin. Besides, the list of references includes analytical articles by Russian and foreign experts in the field of international relations and current Russian diplomats. We also used mass media materials to illustrate the current state of affairs in Russian foreign policy and on the world stage. The study describes and analyzes the most meaningful diplomatic achievements of A.A. Gromyko as the Soviet Union Minister of Foreign Affairs. The process of strengthening the position and influence of the USSR in the international stage after the end of the Second World War occupied the central place in Gromyko's work. This purpose was revealed in the tough position of the Soviet Union Foreign Minister while improving mechanisms for the UN work and preserving the USSR role in this institute. The study also emphasizes the principal stages of the post-war world-building, in which A.A. Gromyko participated directly. Among his outstanding achievements, we can also name the international system of agreements on nuclear weapons and the creation of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe in 1973-1975. The study concludes that A.A. Gromyko played a pivotal role in designing the current system of international relations, created the world security system, defined the directions of Russian foreign policy and made a significant contribution to the development of the national diplomatic service. Using the analyzed data, the author develops recommendations on the disposal of this heritage today. The study is characterized as comprehensive and versatile and discusses the basis of the contemporary world order and attempts to draw attention to the cyclical nature of history. It outlines the necessity to consider the past to avoid mistakes in the present. The results of the research can also be used in practice while formulating the Russian international policy course.
The influence of the Israeli lobby in the American Congress on US policy and the entry of the Multinational Force into Lebanon in August 1982
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Ilin Semen K. ,   Kemerovo State Medical University
Published: December 2024

The article aims to monitor the Israeli lobby actions in the US Congress on the issue of the supporting Israel during the operation «Peace to Galilee» before the introduction of the Multinational Force in Lebanon (MNF). The main sources for this study were transcripts of the Senate and House of Representatives meetings and hearings in congressional committees (the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Finance). Other sources included the publications in American newspapers and economic statistics. The article begins with a definition of lobbying and its varieties. A brief background to the conflict between Israel, Lebanon and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is also given. The main reasons for the IDF military operation were the desire to weaken the PLO in southern Lebanon and the Syrian forces in northern Lebanon, which provided support to the Palestinians through the deployment of Soviet air defense systems. The main part of the article is devoted to the discussion by congressmen of the need to support Israel in the Lebanese mission. Based on the analysis of the Congressional hearings, 7 arguments of different themes and persuasiveness were identified. The efforts of the Israeli lobby were aimed at preventing the cessation of political and military support for Israel in the context of a large-scale military operation. Special attention in the discussions of the Congress was paid to the role of the United States as a rival of the USSR in the region. The last part of the article briefly describes the results of lobbying for Israel's interests in Congress. Lobbyists managed not only to maintain US military support, but also to support the positions of President R. Reagan after his announcement of aid to Israel using Section 4.2 of the War Powers Act. US financial assistance to Israel increased in 1983, which again demonstrates the influence of the Israeli lobby on decisions made. The tense and substantive debate in Congress once again demonstrated the ability of the legislature to influence the decisions of the US president.
C5+1 cooperation format: main participants, goals and mechanisms of interaction
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Jun Xu
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of interaction between the Central Asian countries and external actors – USA, Russia, China, the European Union, Japan, and the Republic of Korea within the framework of the “C5+1” format.
The objectives of the article are:
1) to identify the features of the C5+1 cooperation format;
2) to identify the key interests and problems of interaction between the participants of the C5+1 format;
3) to determine the directions for further development of the C5+1 format.
Research methodology: the organizational theory of Daft R., the analysis of C5+1 cooperation format of Alekseenkova E.A., Nelson H., Tolipov F., works devoted to the study of the Central Asian countries and cooperation with them of
Burke J., Otorbaev D. and others.
The relevance of study lies in the fact that at the moment new mechanisms of cooperation are being created in the world in the format of “Central Asian states + external actor”.
The “C5+1” format is a diplomatic initiative involving five Central Asian countries and one external partner country. The existing formats of cooperation differ in structure, content, effectiveness and satisfaction of participants with the results
obtained.
The five Central Asian countries are seeking to expand economic and investment cooperation with the US. Russia and China primarily seek to strengthen their cooperation with the countries of Central Asia through various international organizations and initiatives such as the EAEU, the Belt and Road Initiative, the SCO and the CSTO. The European Union remains one of the least influential participants in Central Asia today. Japan does not associate its projects and programs with any political conditions, it has significant financial resources, which makes it a more attractive partner for the countries of Central Asia. Korea's main economic interest in Central Asia is access to resources and reduction of dependence on energy supplies from the Middle East.
The Central Asian countries are striving to establish partnerships and diversify their international relations. However, they will not be able to achieve this goal without resolving their own regional problems and economic difficulties.
The C5+1 format will continue to work in the future, and also makes it possible to clarify and coordinate the interests of the states of the region, as well as those of “external” powers.
Confessional policy of the USSR in relation to religious communities in the second half of the 1970s – early 1980s in Western Siberia (based on the materials of the Novosibirsk region)
Authors:   Altai State University, Dashkovskiy Petr K. , Dvoryanchikova Nataliy S. ,   Altai State University
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the research is to study the state-confessional policy of the USSR in relation to religious communities in the second half of the 1970s – early 1980s and its implementation in the territory of the Novosibirsk region. In connection with this goal, the following tasks were supposed to be solved: analyze current confessional policy in the USSR and its impact on the activities of religious associations in Western Siberia; study the situation of Orthodox, Old believers, Muslim, Protestant, and other communities; study the registration process, economic, social, and demographic changes within communities, as well as the level of education of clergy.
The methodological basis of the article is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and determinism, which imply a comprehensive critical analysis of historical processes that determine the legal status and functioning of religious communities in the South of Western Siberia in the second half of the 1970s and early 1980s. The most objective analysis of the situation of religious communities in the context of state-confessional policy of the USSR in the second half of the 1970s-early 1980s is provided by archival materials and legal documents. Archival sources are represented by business correspondence of the authorized Council for religious affairs in the Novosibirsk region with councils, district committees, city committees and religious associations; statistical data; administrative materials; legislative and regulatory acts of state and party bodies. The article was prepared using materials from the state archive of the Novosibirsk region and the state archive of the Altai territory.
The authors conclude that during the period under review, there was modernization of state-confessional relations, both in the Soviet state in general and in Western Siberia in particular. Since the mid-1970s the registration process of Orthodox, Catholic, Mennonite and Lutheran communities, as well as organizations of the all-Union Council of EvangelicalChristian Baptists, is being resumed. In addition, the authorities tried to control the Pentecostal communities, the Council of churches of Evangelical Christians-Baptists, who opposed the legalization of activities and were not ready for constructive interaction with the institutions of state power. During the study period, there was an increase in income in Orthodox churches and the Muslim community of the Novosibirsk region.
The British model of regional and global security after Brexit. Review on the book: A. A. Aleshin. Great Britain–the European Union–NATO: The reorganization of the “transatlantic security space”. Moscow: Aspect Press, 2023. 317 p.
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Khakhalkina Elena V.
Published: December 2024

The review evaluates A.A. Aleshin’s monograph “Great Britain–the European Union–NATO: The Reorganization of the «Transatlantic Security Space»” (Moscow: Aspect Press Publishing House, 2023. 317 p.). This work analyzes the evolution of Britain’s approaches in the field of security and defense after the referendum on June 23, 2016 and the country’s exit from the European Union In 2020. The peer-reviewed study consists of several blocks. The first, theoretical section, provides a conceptualization of multilateral cooperation between states in the field of security, examines the potential of existing theories of international relations for modern transformations of the world order, presents the author’s three-level model for analyzing multilateral cooperation between states and shows the spatial and systemic dimensions of modern international relations. The second section reveals the changing role of the United Kingdom in the transatlantic security space and the evolution of its national strategy. The third one shows the changing model of cooperation between the European Union and NATO, analyzes possible scenarios of their interaction in the context of the transformation of the modern world order.
The review, when analyzing the monograph, raises controversial questions related to the subject of the monograph, but which have not found proper coverage in it or have no answer in modern geopolitical realities. The priorities of British foreign policy and the place of the European Union and NATO in them are outlined, attention is paid to the factor of a Special military operation as a trigger for strengthening cooperation between London and Brussels in the field of security and defense.
It is shown that the book is of particular interest from the point of view of the author’s stated three-level model for analyzing multilateral cooperation between states based on the teachings of Alexander A. Bogdanov and a systematic presentation of the changing role of the United Kingdom in the transatlantic security space after the referendum on June 23, 2016 and withdrawal from the European Union.
Migrations of Tambov Governorate peasants to Tomsk Governorate in the 19th century in the context of alternatives for a further social-demographic development
Authors:   Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Kanishchev Valery V.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this paper is to study migration as a decision of particular groups of peasants to leave for a new place or stay in their place of residence. The article is based on Tambov and Tomsk statistics of the 1880s. Comparable household censuses of Tambov and Tomsk Governorates make it possible to discern prerequisites and motives for resettlement to new territories or staying in the same place of residence as well as consequences of doing so.
The author found that the skoptsy expelled from the Tambov village of Atmanov Ugol were not religious zealots: they left numerous progeny in Tomsk Governorate. These settlers may have taken part of the Tambov skoptsy’s large capital. In the village of Yarki (Altai district of Tomsk Governorate), they were the richest: they set up wealthy households. The peasants of Atamanov Ugol who stayed in their place of residence began to take on non-agricultural jobs. Many of them were sawyers; they worked in the surrounding villages and towns, yet continued to farm in their village. Their total income exceeded the income from agriculture of fellow countrymen who left for Altai. Peasants of the Tambov village of Vtorye Levye Lamki, some of whom moved to the Altai village of Smolenskoye, tackled the migration issue in a different way. The Tambov village was established in the 19th century due to the expulsion of a group of peasants – former service people of the 17th century who did not want to change from household land ownership to communal land ownership. After a while, the land plots in Vtorye Levye Lamky began to shrink. Some of the households sold their plots and left for Altai. There, they would improve their socio-economic indicators. The peasants who stayed in bought up the migrants’ lands. Their economic indicators were no worse than those of their fellow countrymen in the new places.
The author concludes that the studied groups followed different demographic paths after migration. Only the Altai village of Smolenskoye has maintained the population size of the beginning of the 20th century. This was facilitated by the preservation of the status of subregional center and attractive socio-economic conditions. Vtorye Levye Lamky had been
successfully developing until the 1960s – while it was a subregional center. Atmanov Ugol and Novoyarki, due to natural decrease and migration outflow, have decreased four times over the last century. All four villages are still large settlements by the standards of their regions. They have retained their authenticity. The migration decision of their inhabitants turned out to be successful in the historical perspective.
The third role of Tomsk State University in the Soviet period: the evolution of organizational forms (1920–1991)
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Raskolets Viktor V.
Published: December 2024

This article, based on office documentation, identifies the organizational forms of the third role of Tomsk State University, as well as their development in the Soviet period (1920–1991). The author notes that the topic of the third role of Soviet higher education in historiography has not been developed, due to the comparative novelty of the concept and the lack of the necessary methodological tools. The author's concept of the third role is introduced. This is the university's activities focused on the needs of public institutions, going beyond the boundaries of teaching and science. The position of universities in the Soviet period is examined, the main task of which was to train personnel for science and other universities, mainly in fundamental disciplines. It is noted that in the interwar period and until the end of the Soviet regime, the third role of TSU was transformed under the influence of educational, ideological and industrial requests of the state and resulted from the scientific specialization of the scientist. During the Great Patriotic War, the third role of TSU reached the supra-university level through the creation of the Tomsk Committee of Scientists, which coordinated efforts, on the one hand, between the city’s universities, and on the other, between the authorities, industry and the scientific community. In the post-war period, the emergency organizational form was transformed into a permanent one, when the experience accumulated during the war years in the implementation of third role resulted in the project of creating an Interuniversity Scientific Council and the Council of Rectors of the Tomsk Region. The results of this work allow us to re-emphasize the participation of universities in the life of Soviet society, and also update the discussion about the degree of subjectivity of the Soviet university. This study, using the example of TSU, partly shows that universities in the USSR, being located on the periphery of the scientific and educational space, could be the initiators of the creation of unique organizational forms of involvement in the social problems of society. However, further research is required from other university cases to confirm this point.
Printed sources about the urban population of Siberia in the late XIX – early XX centuries
Authors:   Altai State University, Bryukhanova Elena A. , Rygalova Maria V. ,   Altai State University; Polzunov Altai State Technical University
Published: December 2024

The source potential and representativeness of printed editions published by provincial statistical committees and private printers on the example of Tomsk and Tobolsk provinces in 1895-1990 for filling of the information system "The population of Siberian cities at the turn of XIX-XX centuries" is examined. The aim of the article is to identify, analyze and evaluate the representativeness of provincial publications, which contain personal data on individual groups and categories of the population of cities of Tomsk and Tobolsk provinces for the period from 1895 to 1900. The chronological framework was chosen to provide an opportunity to compare and complement the information from the census sheets of 1897 on the population of cities in Siberia.
Printed editions of provincial statistical committees (address-calendars, commemorative books), publications of individual departments (Diocesan Gazette, reference books of military districts, commemorative books of educational districts, publications of military districts), as well as other printed editions (guidebook on all Siberia and Central Asian possessions of Russia) contain personal data (last name, name, middle name) and information on employees of different level of detail (position, education, year of enlistment, confession, size of salary, awards). Also of interest to our study is the information on the owners of commercial enterprises in the cities of Siberia. Information about representatives of industry and trade was published annually in the Siberian Commercial and Industrial Calendar. Its data allow to trace the development of the affairs of individuals and the dynamics of these spheres as a whole. Comparison of data from Siberian and Russian address-calendars showed that the regional edition published more detailed information on the owners of commercial and industrial establishments (full data on surname, name, patronymic, estate, data on the types of enterprises). Despite the fact that provincial and departmental sources were not always published regularly, they still supplement and clarify information from the 1897 census lists, provide broader information (on awards, membership in public organizations) and also allow to trace the career path of employees in chronology, to know the owners of commercial and industrial enterprises in the towns of the provinces. This is necessary for the development of the information system "Population of Siberian cities at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries.
"Strangers" in the context of historical and mythological views of the of the Altai peoples
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Sherstova Liudmila I.
Published: December 2024

Almys (almystu) is one of the mysterious characters in the folklore of some peoples of Eurasia. Almystu have important place among the religious-mythological and fairy-tale folklore characters in the folklore of other peoples of Eurasia. Ideas about them are spread over a vast territory, including Central and Western Asia, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, the Volga region, and Southern Siberia. Regardless of the modern linguistic situation, the name of this creature sounds virtually the same everywhere: albasts, albasses, almasts, almastu, almys.
Usually almys (almystu) is presented as an ugly woman with long, loose blond hair, a body covered with hair. There was a belief that almystu could transform into animals or inanimate objects. Ethnographic materials often correlate Almys with religious and superstitious beliefs. The stable existence of this character in Eurasian folklore, and the identical description made by different peoples allows us to think that its origins are real beings who struck those who gave it
similar names.
The Boreal hypothesis of modern language families origin has made it possible to reconstruct the root words of many languages which are now common. The Boreal root word X-L meant "lost", "stranger", "alien tribe", "neglected". Thus, semantically, the root word X-L contained the meaning of "alien kind-tribe", "shunned", "stranger" and characterized the special relationship between people, focusing on the "alienness", "dissimilarity" of a separate member. Social hostility was expressed in the statement of their unusual, "unsightly" appearance and unusual, more archaic way of life.
The disintegration of the Boreal proto-family led to massive migrations of modern languages speakers who reclaimed the territory of Eurasia. Consequently, their contacts with the remaining Upper Paleolithic hunters - Paleoeuropeans and Paleoasians were common. These peoples differed significantly from incomers in their culture and lifestyle, which led to
an aggravation of the "friend-foe" opposition. In the views of migrants, they had negative, not quite "human" impression.
It follows from this that almystu was originally the early collective name of the oldest population of Eurasia. Thus, their historical "age" may number millennia. Over time, the sacralization and demonization of this character took place, it plunged into the world of myths, fairy tales, epics, superstitions.