bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOURAINE E BOURDIEU NAS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS BRASILEIRAS: DUAS RECEPÇÕES DIFERENCIADAS
Authors: Lopes José Sergio Leite
Published: April 2017

Resumo Ao retomar o tema da recepção da obra de Pierre Bourdieu no Brasil, o presente artigo o faz a partir da comparação com a recepção de outro sociólogo francês, Alain Touraine, anteriormente implantado na circulação de ideias e redes de pesquisadores entre os dois países. A trajetória dos dois no que diz respeito à sua relação com o campo das ciências sociais brasileiras pode ser uma pista interessante para o conhecimento de aspectos deste mesmo campo no que se refere à sua inserção na circulação internacional de ideias e de pesquisadores. A bagagem acumulada de sociologia industrial de Touraine fez com que fosse procurado pela sociologia uspiana no momento em que as pesquisas sobre o fenômeno industrial de São Paulo eclodiam. Já a apropriação de Bourdieu incide sobre gerações subsequentes, e, ao ter adquirido renome nos anos 1990 nos países anglo-saxônicos, já era bem conhecido nos círculos especializados brasileiros.
Percepções do paciente oncológico sobre o cuidado
Authors: Theobald Melina Raquel , Santos Mara Lisiane de Moraes dos , Andrade Sonia Maria Oliveira de , de-Carli Alessandro Diogo
Published: April 2017

Resumo O câncer desencadeia reações orgânicas e emocionais, provocando sentimentos, desequilíbrios e conflitos internos. O estudo procurou identificar as percepções do paciente oncológico sobre o cuidado profissional recebido. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, constituindo-se como uma possibilidade de reflexão acerca da assistência prestada a estes pacientes, sob a ótica de uma abordagem humanística. Participaram da pesquisa 25 pacientes adultos internados no setor de Oncologia de uma instituição pública, de ensino e de referência na área, localizada na Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, junto aos quais se realizou entrevista semiestruturada, que teve seu roteiro avaliado por profissionais da área temática. Após a coleta dos dados, estes foram transcritos e sistematizados pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, sendo posteriormente confrontados com o relatório da Observação Sistemática Participante. Como resultados, o estudo identificou percepção positiva do usuário sobre o cuidado recebido, embora a prática profissional incorpore parcialmente as recomendações preconizadas pela Política Nacional de Humanização. Concluiu-se que é necessário investir esforços no intuito de potencializar a incorporação de condutas profissionais que priorizem o cuidado humanizado, pois sua ausência compromete a adesão terapêutica, fragiliza o paciente, acarretando impactos emocionais no indivíduo.
Symmetric and Asymmetric Influences on Service Quality Attributes of Coffee Shops as Related to Overall Customer Satisfaction: The Case of Starbucks and Ediya
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kim Hong-Bin , Cha Suk-Bin
Published: April 2017

The identification of primary service quality attributes that generate customer satisfaction is critical to organizational success. This study investigates the symmetric and asymmetric nature of the relationship between service quality attributes and overall customer satisfaction using two brand coffee shops (Starbucks and Ediya). Findings show that there are six dimensions of 24 service quality attributes. (employee service, shop facilities, collateral service, the brand, the menu, & the coffee quality). Within this symmetric relationship, most of the service factors positively affect the overall satisfaction with both brands. However, within an asymmetric relationship based on a three-factor model of customer satisfaction, many of the aforementioned attributes are classified differently. Employee service & shop facilities are identified as 'performance factors', while collateral service, brand, menu, & coffee quality are 'basic factors' for Starbucks. On the contrary, menu is identified as a 'performance factor', shop facility as 'excitement factor', and collateral service & brand are 'basic factors' for Ediya. Differences between a traditional symmetric approach and an asymmetric approach using a three-factor model of customer satisfaction are delineated. Furthermore, the theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Corneal Infections—Challenges in Diagnosis and Update on Management
Authors: Jeng Bennie H ,   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, US
Published: April 2017

Bennie H Jeng is Professor and Chair of the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. He earned his bachelor’s degree summa cum laude from Washington University and his MD from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. He then completed his ophthalmology residency and chief residency at the Cole Eye Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, which was followed by a fellowship in cornea and external diseases at the Francis I. Proctor Foundation/University of California San Francisco (UCSF) in 2003. He then returned back to the Cole Eye Institute to serve on faculty, during which time he was the recipient of a K-grant from the NIH and also earned his Master degree in Clinical Investigation. He subsequently returned to Proctor/UCSF as an Associate Professor and then Full Professor, where he served as co-director of the UCSF cornea service, Director of the Proctor/UCSF Cornea Fellowship program, and as Chief of Ophthalmology at the San Francisco General Hospital. He was an R01-funded researcher at UCSF, and he assumed his current position at the University of Maryland in August, 2013.

Dr Jeng is actively involved in the leadership of many of our ophthalmologic societies, including as a member of the Board of Directors of the Cornea Society, the Eye Bank Association of America, and the Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists. He also serves on several committees of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, including the Annual Meeting Program Committee, as well as The Council. He is also actively involved with the American Board of Ophthalmology. Dr Jeng is a past member of the editorial board of JAMA Ophthalmology, and he currently serves on the editorial boards of Ophthalmology, Eye, Cornea, Eye and Contact Lens (as an Associate Editor), and International Journal of Eye Banking.
Advancing the Detection and Management of Diabetic Retinopathy with Ultra-widefield Retinal Imaging
Authors: Brown David M ,   Retina Consultants of Houston, Houston, Texas, US and The Methodist Hospital–Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, US
Published: April 2017

The incidence of diabetes in the US population has increased more than fourfold over the last several decades and a high proportion of these patients manifest diabetic eye disease, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Ultra-widefield (UWF) retinal imaging has emerged as a valuable tool in the evolving standard of care for DR, providing essential visualization of ischemia and related pathology across the retina, particularly in the periphery, where these signs may appear earliest but may not be detected by conventional fundus photography. Multimodal UWF imaging has helped correlate changes in the periphery with DR progression, providing important guidance for treatment planning and facilitating improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of disease. Rapid capture, immediate retrieval and efficient sharing of UWF retinal images support a wide spectrum of care settings—including teleophthalmology programs—and facilitate patient education.
Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery and CyPass® Micro-Stent—A New Era in Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Mosaed Sameh ,   Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, California, US
Published: April 2017

In the largest randomized clinical trial to date on a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery device, the CyPassR Micro-Stent was able to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) more than was modern cataract surgery (phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation) alone, and should be considered for patients with mild to moderate glaucoma already scheduled to undergo phacoemulsification surgery. The two-year outcomes of the COMPASS study found mean IOP reductions of 7.4 mmHg in the CyPass Micro-Stent group and no vision-threatening adverse events; more than 98% of subjects in the CyPass Micro-Stent group achieved 20/40 or better best-corrected visual acuity.
Gonioscopy—A Primer
Authors: Ahmad Syed Shoeb ,   Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
Published: April 2017

Assessment of the anterior chamber angle (ACA) is an indispensible investigation for evaluation of glaucoma. The most commonly performed method for the determination of the ACA is gonioscopy. This technique, while being simple, is often hampered by the subjective nature of the procedure, especially in inexperienced hands. This review is intended to improve the knowledge, attitude, and practice among the practitioners regarding the procedure of gonioscopy.
Hispanic Residential Isolation, ADHD Diagnosis and Stimulant Treatment among Medicaid-insured Youth
Authors: Pennap Dinci , Burcu Mehmet , Safer Daniel J. , Zito Julie M.
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate a conceptual framework that assessed the effect of Hispanic residential isolation on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) health service utilization among 2.2 million publicly insured youth.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Medicaid administrative claims data for ambulatory care services from a US Pacific state linked with US census data.

Participants: Youth, aged 2-17 years, con­tinuously enrolled in 2009.

Main Outcome Measures: The percent annual prevalence and odds of ADHD diagnosis and stimulant use according to two measures of racial/ethnic residential isolation: 1) the county-level Hispanic isola­tion index (HI) defined as the population density of Hispanic residents in relation to other racial/ethnic groups in a county (<.5; .5-.64; ≥.65); and 2) the proportion of Hispanic residents in a ZIP code tabulation area (<25%; 25%-50%; >50%).

Results: Among the 47,364 youth with a clinician-reported ADHD diagnosis, 60% re­ceived a stimulant treatment (N = 28,334). As the county level HI increased, Hispanic residents of ethnically isolated locales were significantly less likely to receive an ADHD diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=.92 [95% CI=.88-.96]) and stimulant use (AOR=.61 [95% CI=.59-.64]) compared with Hispanic youth in less isolated areas. At the ZIP code level, a similar pattern of reduced ADHD diagnosis (AOR=.81 [95% CI=.77-.86]) and reduced stimulant use (AOR=.65 [95% CI=.61-.69]) was observed as Hispanic residential isolation increased from the least isolated to the most isolated ZIP code areas.

Conclusions: These findings highlight the opportunity for Big Data to advance mental health research on strategies to reduce racial/ethnic health disparities, particularly for poor and vulnerable youth. Further exploration of racial/ethnic residential isola­tion in other large data sources is needed to guide future policy development and to target culturally sensitive interventions.

Ethn Dis.2017(2):85-94; doi:10.18865/ed.27.2.85.

 

 
Ishi: Simple Tips from a Solid Friend by A. Yabuki
Authors: Johnson Kimberlee
Published: April 2017

Yabuki, Akiko. Ishi: Simple Tips from a Solid Friend. POW!, 2016.The motivational picture book, Ishi, written and illustrated by Akiko Yabuki, with art direction from Yuko Brown, demonstrates to the reader how to cope with everyday feelings and experiences. The main character, Ishi, is a rock who encounters situations in the story that all readers would likely experience and shows the reader how he manages them. Ishi is illustrated using distinct real life photographs that specifically match the text, making it an appropriate text for all readers. Ishi is found in numerous familiar settings throughout the book that the reader would recognize: a road, a pile of leaves, a plate of food. The author informs readers that everyone has “gloomy” days and educates them on methods to use to get through the dark days. For example, when Ishi feels hopeless, he surrounds himself with dreamers.The storybook is simple, yet engaging as it encourages the reader to reflect on the situations that Ishi is in and develop coping strategies to deal with them. By the end of the book, readers should have a calm presence, and a toolbox full of techniques to use when they themselves are in difficult situations.Ishi is a book that elementary school libraries and teachers should have. The limited text and language used clearly describes each illustration so even young children can read this book. Children who are upset or sad would benefit from reading this book. This inspirational picture book also can give children ideas as to how they can handle their situations.Readers could find their own Ishi rock and photograph situations where they feel solemn and what they do in order to feel better.Recommended 3 out of 4 starsReviewer: Kimberlee JohnsonKimberlee Johnson is a grade three teacher in the St. Albert Public School District and is currently completing her Master’s Degree in Curriculum and Pedagogy at the University of Alberta. Kimberlee loves how her students give her honest and true opinions about each and every book they read.
The Crime of Rape and Sexual Violence against Women in Nigeria: A Comparison with Other Common Law Countries
Authors: Alili Ngozi
Published: April 2017

This discourse is a comprehensive look at the offence of “rape” as a legal concept, taking into consideration, the premodial, mythical and legal beliefs and meanings associated therewith. It analysed recent statutory changes and developments in this area of the law, particularly under the English common law in contradistinction from the almost static provisions of some African penal statutes relating to the offence of rape. The propelling aim was to appreciate the difficulties associated with efforts to convict persons accused of committing the offence of rape and the legality of calling in aid corroboration in amelioration of these difficulties. It was observed that, the statutory ingredients of the offence do not accommodate such a practice. It became significant that the myths and traditional beliefs surrounding the claim of an alleged victim of rape imported the burden of a rebuttal on the accused. It was observed that sympathy on the part of the courts for alleged rape victims sway their decisions in favour of such victims. This emotional consideration by the courts may have informed he demand for corroborative evidence to seal all escape routes for the accused even when not statutorily provided for. Absence of corroborative evidence may on the reverse, favour the accused though the prosecutrix may concoct one to secure conviction. It was concluded that rape cases should be determined on the basis of the dry provisions of the relevant penal statutes devoid of extraneous considerations, such as corroboration.
STUDI KELAYAKAN WAKAF PRODUKTIF
Authors: Aji Gunawan
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Mosque as one of the objects of waqf can provide added value if managed productively. Land of the mosque can be used for a variety productive activities according to the principles of Islam. ! is study analyzes the aspects of marketing and " nancial aspects, the feasibility study for the project productive endowments shopping block Masjid AlFairuz Pekalongan.
The data used in the form of quantitative and qualitative data. Factors that will be analyzed in the marketing aspects that shape the market, demand and supply, marketing strategy (segmenting, targetting, and positioning), as well as the marketing mix strategy.
Financial aspects of the Average Rate of Return, Payback Period, Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return , and Pro" tability Index. The results of research projects developing productive waqf shopping block mosque of Al-Fairuz Pekalongan is feasible. In the aspect of marketing, business managers have
established a marketing strategy and marketing mix well. On the " nancial aspect, the ARR value indicates the number of 59%, greater than the minimum accounting rate of return of 7.30%. Payback Period calculation produces a value of 2 years, 6 months, 29 days, less than the economic life of the project. Project NPV is positive value of Rp 209,224,199.00. IRR of 20%, greater than the rate of return of deposits mudaraba Islamic banks are used in the calculation (7.30%). PI calculation results show 1.297193465 value greater than 1 (PI > 1) .

Keywords: Feasibility Study, Waqf Productive, marketing aspects, " nancial aspects
A Study of Two Stage Cascade Refrigeration
Authors: He Mingli
Published: April 2017

This paper reports the feasibility study of building a cascade refrigeration system using commercially available “off the shelf” components. The unit is to be used by a residential home or a small business with common and less expensive refrigerants and components. The research was carried out as an undergraduate project. Topics involving advanced refrigeration system is an elective course at MSU Denver. Students who participated in this project have not taken such course yet. Just in time teaching in special topics enabled the students to study the cascade refrigeration system, refrigerants behavior and natural gas behavior in order to design and build the system. As project based learning and teaching have been recognized and adopted by more and more academic units, the presented project demonstrates that complex systems can be taught, learned, and built through a project based learning process.
QInfer: Statistical inference software for quantum applications
Authors: Granade Christopher , Ferrie Christopher , Hincks Ian , Casagrande Steven , Alexander Thomas , Gross Jonathan , Kononenko Michal , Sanders Yuval
Published: April 2017

Characterizing quantum systems through experimental data is critical to applications as diverse as metrology and quantum computing. Analyzing this experimental data in a robust and reproducible manner is made challenging, however, by the lack of readily-available software for performing principled statistical analysis. We improve the robustness and reproducibility of characterization by introducing an open-source library, QInfer, to address this need. Our library makes it easy to analyze data from tomography, randomized benchmarking, and Hamiltonian learning experiments either in post-processing, or online as data is acquired. QInfer also provides functionality for predicting the performance of proposed experimental protocols from simulated runs. By delivering easy-to-use characterization tools based on principled statistical analysis, QInfer helps address many outstanding challenges facing quantum technology.
Some subordination and superordination results associated with generalized Srivastava-Attiya operator
Authors: Attiya A.A. , Yassen M.F.
Published: April 2017

By using the generalized Srivastava-Attiya operator we give some results of
differential subordination and superordination of analytic functions. Some
applications and examples are also obtained.
BEBAN GANDA PENGELOLAAN AIR TANAH DI KABUPATEN/KOTA PASCA PEMBATALAN UU NO 4/2007 TENTANG SUMBER DAYA AIR: ILUSTRASI DARI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Irawan Dasapta Erwin , Darul Ahmad , Sumadi Hendy , Kuntoro Arno Adi , Argo Teti Armiati , Nurhayati Yunie
Published: April 2017

AbstrakIndonesia sedang memiliki beban ganda dalam menyelesaikan masalah pengelolaan sumber daya air, khususnya air tanah. Selain karena pembatalan UU No. 7/2004, juga karena pengalihan kewenangan pengelolaan dari pemerintah kabupaten/kota ke pemerintah provinsi sebagai dampak dari UU No. 23/2014. Karena proses komunikasi antara provinsi dan kabupaten/kota tidak mulus, karena berbagai alasan, akibatnya regulasi tidak kunjung dibuat. Pada akhirnya kondisi air tanah akan semakin buruk. Makalah ini mencoba mendudukkan kembali berbagai aspek pengelolaan air tanah yang telah dirumuskan sebelumnya dan masih relevan untuk dijalankan saat ini. Kemudian dipilihlah aspek konservasi dan pemberdayaan sebagai aspek yang dapat dikerjasamakan antara pemerintah provinsi dan pemerintah kabupaten/kota, karena: aspek ini lebih berkaitan dengan aspek monitoring atau pemantauan. Yang mana, pemantauan akan lebih baik dilakukan oleh pemerintah kabupaten/kota karena skala pemetaan yang lebih rinci, dibanding bila dilakukan pada skala provinsi. Selain itu instrumentasi pemantauan yang dimiliki oleh organ tingkat kabupaten/kota lebih lengkap dibanding pemerintah provinsi.Kata kunci: Regulasi, Pengelolaan Air Tanah, Cekungan Air TanahAbstractIndonesia currently has a double burden in solving the problem of water resources, particularly groundwater. In addition to the cancellation of Law No. 7/2004, as well as the transfer of management authority of district/city government to the provincial government as a result of Law No. 23/2014. Due to the communication process between the provincial and district /city is not good, for various reasons, not being made as a result of regulation. Ultimately groundwater conditions will be getting worse. This paper tries to reinstate the various aspects of groundwater management has been formulated previously and are still relevant to the current run. Then chosen aspects of conservation and empowerment as an aspect to cooperation between the provincial and district /city government, because: this aspect is more related to aspects of monitoring. Which, monitoring would be better done by the district /city for more detailed mapping scale. Besides monitoring instrumentation owned by organs of district/municipal level is more complete than the provincial government.Keywords: Regulation, Groundwater Management, Groundwater Basin
Health data on public trial: To what extent should patients control access to patient records?
Authors: Oswald Malcolm , Norris Ruth , Hassan Lamiece , Peek Niels , Tully Mary
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesThe secondary use of health data for public and private good raises complex questions of privacy and governance. Such questions are ill-suited to opinion polling where citizens must choose quickly with little information between multiple choice answers. This project aims to extend our knowledge about what control informed citizens would seek over health records after participating in a deliberative process.

ApproachTwo citizens’ juries, of 17 citizens each, were convened; each jury was chosen to reflect national demographics, from a pool of almost 400 volunteers. Juries met separately over three days, to address the charge “To what extent should patients control access to patient records for secondary use?” Citizens heard from and questioned five expert witnesses (chosen either to inform the jury, or to air arguments for and against the secondary use of data), interspersed with opportunities to deliberate amongst themselves, using a range of tools including facilitated discussion and guided role-play. Jurors voted on a series of questions associated with the jury charge, giving their rationale. Individual views were polled at the beginning and end of the process against the jury charge.

ResultsThirty-three out of 34 jurors voted in support of the secondary use of data, with 24 wanting individuals to be able to opt-out and 6 favouring opt-in. Many jurors changed their opinion about who should get access to these records, with more people supporting wider information sharing by the end of day 3. When considering who should get access to data, the two juries had very similar rationales. Both thought that public benefit was a key justification for access. Jury 1 was more strongly supportive of sharing patient records for public benefit, whilst jury 2 was more cautious and sought to give patients more control. The questionnaire results suggest that over the course of three days a few people moved towards more patient control over patient records, but overall more people moved towards enabling greater sharing of health data for public benefit. Despite our endeavours to ensure otherwise, bias was reported by a few jurors, particularly regarding the impartiality of information from expert witnesses.

ConclusionThese findings illustrate that citizens often change their minds about complex policy questions when they become more informed about a public policy problem. It may also suggest that many, but not all, people become less sceptical about health data sharing as they become better informed of its benefits and risks.
Opportunities for post-market surveillance of high cost medicines in Australia: Observing trastuzumab-treated women from early through late stage HER2-positive breast cancer (HER2BC)
Authors: Daniels Benjamin , Pearson Sallie-Anne
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesIn 2001 the Australian government circumvented traditional drug subsidy listing processes to create the Herceptin Program (HP) for HER2 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients; in 2006 trastuzumab was subsidised for early breast cancer (EBC) on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) creating opportunities for data linkage and observing patients across both treatment settings. Clinical trials established the efficacy of trastuzumab for MBC in trastuzumab-naïve patients but little is known about patients initiating trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting and subsequently receiving trastuzumab for MBC. We characterise patterns of treatment and outcomes for these patients in Australia. We estimate time from adjuvant trastuzumab initiation to metastatic trastuzumab initiation and overall survival (OS).

ApproachWe identified a cohort of patients with a trastuzumab claim in both PBS and HP records. We calculated duration of EBC treatment as date of first trastuzumab dispensing until 21 days after the last PBS dispensing for trastuzumab or observation of a trastuzumab dispensing record in HP claims, whichever came first. We used Kaplan-Meier methods to estimate time-to-MBC treatment and OS.

ResultsOf 11,477 EBC patients treated with trastuzumab between December 2006 and December 2012, 637 were also treated with trastuzumab for MBC. Median age at EBC treatment initiation was 53 (range 17 – 87). 94% of EBC patients received a taxane, anthracycline, cyclophosphamide and/or carboplatin as part of their treatment protocol. 61% of MBC patients received trastuzumab with a taxane, 18% as monotherapy and 7% with capecitabine. Median duration of trastuzumab therapy in EBC and MBC therapy was 11.3 (95% CI 10.7-11.6) and 9.3 (8.6-10.4) months, respectively. Median time-to-MBC therapy was 27.3 (25.5-28.2) months. Median OS from initiation of EBC and MBC treatment was 58.1 (52.9-65.7) and 23.2 (20.5-25.4) months, respectively.

ConclusionHER2BC patients initiating trastuzumab for EBC therapy and progressing to MBC treatment are little examined in the clinical trial and observational literature. Australia’s unique funding arrangements allowed us to clearly distinguish between treatment for EBC and MBC which is not always possible in dispensing claims alone. We demonstrated: most EBC patients are treated according to guideline recommendations; that this patient cohort receive approximately 20 months of trastuzumab therapy across both settings; and median OS from initiation of MBC trastuzumab is approximately 2 months shorter than in the pivotal clinical trial (25.1 months).
No Strings Attached: Evaluating an Unconditional Prenatal Income Supplement Using Linked Administrative Data
Authors: Brownell Marni , Chartier Mariette , Nickel Nathan , Chateau Dan , Sarkar Joykrishna , Burland Elaine , Jutte Doug , Taylor Carole , Santos Rob , Katz Alan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectivePerinatal outcomes have improved overall in developed countries over the last several decades but remain poor for disadvantaged populations. In Manitoba, Canada, the Healthy Baby Prenatal Benefit (HBPB), a cash transfer to low-income pregnant women, was introduced with the goal of improving perinatal outcomes. The objective of this study was to use linked administrative and program datasets to determine whether this unconditional income supplement was associated with improved birth outcomes for a low-income population.

ApproachThis study used data from the PATHS Data Resource, which contains population-level health and social service records as well as program data for approximately 600,000 children in Manitoba, Canada, over a 30-year period, linkable at the individual level. All mother-newborn pairs, from 2003-2010, who met the following criteria were included for analyses: i) the mother was on social assistance (i.e., low income); ii) the infant was born in hospital; and, iii) the pair had a newborn risk screen (n=14,591), documenting factors such as prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure and maternal and family characteristics. Low-income women who received HBPB (exposed, 10,738) were compared with low-income women who did not receive HBPB (unexposed, 3,853) on several outcomes: low birth weight, preterm, small- and large-for-gestational age, 5-minutes Apgar scores, breastfeeding initiation, neonatal readmission, and newborn hospital length of stay (LOS). Covariates from the risk screens were used to develop propensity scores to construct Inverse Probability of Treatment Weights, to balance differences between exposed and unexposed groups in regression models. Gamma sensitivity analyses assessed sensitivity to unmeasured confounding. Population attributable and preventable fractions were calculated.

ResultsHBPB exposure was associated with reductions in low birth weight (adjusted risk ratio, aRR=0.71, 95% CI=0.63, 0.81), preterm (aRR=0.76 (0.69, 0.84)) and small-for-gestational age (aRR=0.90 (0.81, 0.99)) births and increases in breastfeeding (aRR=1.06 (1.03, 1.09)) and large-for-gestational age births (aRR=1.13 (1.05, 1.23)). For vaginal births, HBPB was associated with shortened LOS (mean=2.86, p<0.0001). Results for breastfeeding, low birth weight, preterm and LOS were robust to unmeasured confounding. Reductions of 21% (95% CI 13.6, 28.3) of low birth weight and 17.5% (11.2, 23.8) of preterm were associated with receipt of the HBPB.

ConclusionsA modest income supplement during pregnancy was associated with improved birth outcomes for infants born to low-income women. Placing conditions on income supplements to low income pregnant women may not be necessary to promote prenatal and perinatal health. Linked administrative data can be a valuable tool for program evaluation.
Displaying Linkage Success Statistics to Identify Systemic Errors
Authors: Simpson Mike , Yip Harold , Hills Brent
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveThe primary objective is to create a method for displaying linkage statistics to researchers, data stewards, and linkage specialists in an informative and meaningful way. The method must visually display the linkage summary data and highlight drops in the linkage success rate.

ApproachWe created a web interface which shows linkage statistics by age and geography in calendar/service years. Each cell contains both the percentage of linked values along with the percentage of successfully linked data. The interface is filterable by gender, data-type, and whether to display the number of successful or unsuccessful linkages. Due to the high volume of data which will appear on the screen at one time, we use a heat map to highlight cells which have unusually high or low values. Totals are displayed with their own heat maps to compare easily years across ages group or age groups across years. We mask small cell sizes to preserve privacy.

ResultsThis approach allows people to easily spot drops in linkage success. If a particular year’s data or age group has a lower linkage rate than the rest of the dataset, the heat map can clearly highlight that discrepancy. Displaying the number of linkages along with the rate helps us determine if the sample size is playing a role in a low linkage success rate.

ConclusionData quality issues can silently cause linkage success rates to drop in certain years, geographies, age groups, or genders. Displaying linkage statistics on a single page with a heat map allows people to quickly spot inconsistencies in linkages.
Quantifying morbidity attributable to traumatic injury using a population-based matched cohort in Australia
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Cameron Cate , McClure Rod
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveThis study aims to quantify 12-month morbidity attributable to traumatic injury using a population-based matched cohort in Australia.

ApproachA population-based matched cohort study of individuals ≥18 years using linked emergency department (ED) presentation, hospital separation and mortality records from three Australian states during 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2010. Injury admissions were identified using a principal diagnosis of injury (ICD-10-AM: S00-T75 or T79). The first injury-related hospital admission during 2009 was identified as the index injury admission and pre and post-index injury health service use was examined. The non-injured comparison cohort was randomly selected from the electoral roll and was matched 1:1 on age, gender, and postcode of residence at the date of the index injury admission of their matched counterpart. Comorbidities were identified using diagnosis classifications and a 1-year lookback period. Injury severity was estimated using the International Classification of Injury Severity Score (ICISS): minor (≥0.99), moderate (0.942-<0.99) and serious (<0.942).

Negative binomial and Poisson regression methods will be used to quantify associations between injury and counts of hospital admissions 12-month post-index injury health service use.

ResultsThere were 166,032 individuals injured in 2009 and admitted to hospital in New South Wales, South Australia or Queensland with a matched comparison. Males represented 57% of those injured, 30.1% were aged 18-34 years, 37.9% were aged 35-64 years, 32.1% were aged ≥65 years and 65.1% resided in an urban location. Comorbidities were more common in the injured cohort (χ² =9384.5, df (2), p<0.0001). The most common injuries were fall-related (38.4%) and as a result of road trauma (12.4%). The majority of injuries were minor (43.9%) or moderate (37.2%), with 18.9% serious injuries. Attributable risk and adjusted rate ratios for injured versus matched non-injured comparison will be presented for pre and post health service use controlling for key confounding characteristics.

ConclusionThrough the use of national data linkage, this study contributes to informing research efforts on better quantifying the attributable burden of injury-related disability in Australia.
Population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in Australia
Authors: Gidding Heather , Moore Hannah , McCallum Lisa , Fathima Parveen , Snelling Thomas , De Klerk Nicholas , McIntyre Peter
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesAustralia’s Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) is one of only a handful of national immunisation registers world-wide. We have, for the first time, linked the ACIR to other health datasets to measure the real-world impact of Australia’s immunisation program. In this study, we aimed to assess the population-based effectiveness of the 3-dose infant pneumococcal vaccination program (due at 2, 4, and 6 months) against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been available since 2001 and a funded universal program started in 2005 (with a switch to 13-valent PCV in 2011). ApproachVaccination records from ACIR, death records, and invasive pneumococcal disease notifications for 2001-2013 were individually linked for 1.37 million children born in 2001-2012 in two Australian states (Western Australia and New South Wales). A Cox proportional hazards model (adjusting for sex, Indigenous status and year of birth) was used to estimate the hazard ratio for invasive pneumococcal disease in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated children less than 2 years old. The per cent of disease prevented by vaccination, or vaccine effectiveness, was calculated as (1-adjusted hazard ratio) x 100%. ResultsFrom 2005, vaccination coverage with dose 3 of the pneumococcal vaccine was steady at ~91% in eligible cohorts. Between 2001 and 2013, there were 468 notifications of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes during 2.66 million person years of observation; only 39 (8.3%) of these cases occurred after the universal program was implemented. Vaccine effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes for 1, 2 and 3 doses of the pneumococcal vaccine was 68% (95%CI: 44-89%), 93% (81-97%), and 92% (95%CI: 86-93%), respectively. ConclusionThis is the first study to link Australia’s national immunisation register and measure population-based vaccine effectiveness. The study provides robust evidence of the effectiveness of at least 2 doses of pneumococcal vaccine against vaccine serotype specific infection using a 3 dose infant schedule.
Assessing mental health outcomes for residents of supported accommodation services
Authors: Sims Scott , Lima Fernando , Moltoni Michael , Harrison Amanda , Glauert Rebecca
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesSupported accommodation services provide housing for people with a severe and persistent mental illness; people who are homeless, at risk of homelessness, in unsuitable accommodation, or residing for long periods in inpatient units. The aim of this research is to examine the extent to which supported accommodation impacts on levels and costs of hospitalisation, utilisation of community based clinical services and mental health outcomes of present and past residents.

ApproachThe research will make use of demographic data from supported accommodation services and Western Australian (WA) linked data from existing health data collections by the Data Linkage Branch WA Health. The data linkage methodology used involves the linking and analysis of data between 1997 and 2013 from a diverse number of datasets (Hospital Morbidity data, Mental Health Ambulatory data, Emergency data, Mortality data and Hospital Cost data). The impact of supported accommodation on individuals was measured by tracking any changes in their service utilisation levels and associated hospital costs savings. This allowed us to determine the efficacy of supported accommodation services through time series and control group comparative analysis.

ResultsPeople with severe or persistent mental illness who reside in supported accommodation services are more likely to maintain or improve their quality of life and mental health outcomes compared to those who have never entered supported accommodation. Individuals who utilised these services also experienced reduced hospitalizations after the service than before. Cost implications will also be discussed.

Conclusions No significant research into the effectiveness of supported accommodation on mental health outcomes for individuals has been conducted in WA to date. Supported accommodation provides people with severe and persistent mental illness, along with their families, carers and supporters, more security and control over their lives, and improved access to appropriate supports and clinical services. This research will support these strategic directions by providing evidence about the effectiveness of supported accommodation options in terms of improving mental health outcomes for individuals.
K-Anonymity Based Privacy Risk Budgeting System for Interactive Record Linkage
Authors: Kum Hye-Chung , Jain Prannay
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveInformation privacy theory demonstrates mathematically that privacy is a budget constrained problem and that privacy preserving algorithms(e.g., differential privacy) must rely on a budgeting system. Thus, we design a privacy measure as a function of information disclosed to support incremental information disclosure required for safe interactive record linkage. The privacy measure will determine the increase in the privacy risk for any given information disclosed during record linkage.

ApproachMathematically, the identity disclosure risk is inversely proportional to the number of entities in the population that share the information disclosed. If the information refers to one and only one person in the population, then the identity of the person has been fully disclosed by the information revealed. On the other hand, if the information disclosed is identical for multiple people(say n), then the information is less revealing as it could refer to any one of the n people. The larger the n, the lower the privacy risk. Thus, the anonymity-set size is defined as the number of people in the population that share the same identifying information. The privacy risk measure has one prespecified parameter k, which represents the minimum anonymity-set size to guarantee no privacy risk. That is, for any disclosed information, if the anonymity-set size is less than k, then a privacy risk is present and the risk score will be calculated. A commonly accepted threshold for k is 5 or 10. On the one hand, when all entities have anonymity-set size less than k, the privacy risk would be 100%. On the other hand, if all entities have anonymity-set size greater than or equal to k, the privacy risk would be 0%.

ResultsThe budgeting system contributes to the much-needed methods for protecting privacy while still supporting high quality interactive record linkage by allowing safer manual resolution of uncertain linkages. The budgeting system supports refining effective visual encoding techniques for incrementally revealing only the required information on an as-needed basis during manual resolution of uncertain linkages as well as refining the design for a visual interface to facilitate privacy preserving data standardization, cleaning, and conflict resolution for interactive record linkage. We evaluate the budgeting system with the NC voter registry data.

ConclusionThe k-anonymity based privacy risk budgeting system provides a mechanism where we can concretely reason about the tradeoff between the privacy risks due to information disclosed, accuracy gained, and biases reduced during interactive record linkage.
It’s a big, BAD World- the UK picture of Big and Administrative Data
Authors: Webb Joanne
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Background & AimsThe Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) have established a three strand programme to encourage the use of Administrative and Big Data in research. The first strand funded the Administrative Data Network, a UK-wide partnership between universities, government bodies, national statistics authorities and the wider research community. www.adrn.ac.uk. The Network facilitates secure research access to linked, de-identified administrative data to enable real-world analysis that can benefit society.

The second strand covers the Big Data Centres: the Business and Local Government Data Centre, the Urban Big Data Centre and the Consumer Data Research Centre. These concentrate on making data routinely collected by business and local government organisations accessible for academics in order to undertake research in the social sciences.

The third strand enables partnerships between academic institutions and citizen and voluntary sector organisations, to establish or build on relationships between academic researchers and civil society organisations. The aim is to demonstrate the value of improved data infrastructure, enabling collection and analysis of data which is of interest to civil society organisations and empowering the sector to better use its own data.

All three strands aim to enable research in social sciences while safeguarding individuals’ identities. Working in a diverse changing landscape brings its own challenges and possibilities. The University of Essex hosts the Administrative Data Service of the ADRN, the Business and Local Government Data Centre and the Human Rights, Big Data and Technology Project. The challenge is to describe the boundaries, overlaps and synergies in the landscape.

This paper will review the UK network of these partnerships, a description of some of the challenges of taking part in such a diverse growing landscape and some of the benefits to researchers and society.
Managing Emerging Data Types in the NGLMS
Authors: Farrow James
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesWe describe the management system used by the Next Generation Linkage Management System (NGLMS) built for SA.NT DataLink in Adelaide, Australia. The NGLMS is a bespoke system built on freely available open source components where a graph (in the computer science sense) structure is used to store a ‘more natural’ representation of linked records explicitly in a graph database: records as vertices and relationships as edges between vertices.

ApproachThe NGLMS is designed to manage linked data effectively and permit fast individual cluster extraction while retaining rich relationship information. It holds probabilistic and statically-linked data by storing all significant pair-wise relationships between records as edges in a graph, allowing clustering with different parameters to be performed dynamically. Records are heterogeneous and may contain different data types: birth records, hospital separations, census data, pharmaceutical prescriptions, educational data. The relationships between records are also heterogeneous and may represent arbitrary relationships not just a probabilistic record similarity. For example, familial (parent/child), tribal kinship structures, genomic (and other omic) information, employer/employee relationships, educational information, living arrangements, census information, and so on. Storing this information allows for richer queries than just ‘do these records represent the same entity’. For example a single rich query to the database could be ‘find all records of all siblings’, ‘create genealogies based on birth information’, ’create household groups based on census/cohabitation information’, or ‘find employees working in areas affected by recent floods with hospitalisations during that time period.’

ResultsWe present details of the loading of birth and perinatal data incorporating parent (mother and father) relationships for some South Australian datasets and the technical configuration of the NGLMS to support this. We discuss the queries made possible as a result. Rich non-traditional data is stored in the same manner as probabilistic record similarities and has allowed clustering queries which mix explicit deterministic statements about the data and probabilistic statements concerning record relationships.

ConclusionRich queries over data may be expressed by storing rich heterogeneous information about records and relationships explicitly as a graph and by determining clusters late in the extraction process. Modern graph database technologies make this effective even in the face of datasets containing 10’s to 100’s of million records and billions of edge relationships.