bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous remission of untreated primary amyloidosis of the bladder after transurethral resection biopsy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Jia Yi , Li Shoubin , Liu Junjiang
Published: October 2020

We herein present a case involving a 23-year-old woman with gross hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed abnormal areas of the mucosa along the anterior and posterior bladder walls. These abnormalities were suspicious for neoplasia; however, a diagnosis was not established by subsequent biopsy. The patient underwent transurethral resection biopsy in which an isolated lesion along the anterior wall was completely resected and the others were left untreated. Pathologic examination and special staining led to a diagnosis of amyloidosis, and the patient elected to undergo transurethral surgery 1 month later. During the operation, the intravesical lesions were found to have significantly improved in both the treated and untreated sites. The operation was cancelled, follow-up was arranged, and no other treatment was administered. Repeat cystoscopy examinations at 3 and 9 months after surgery showed that the lesions had almost completely disappeared.
Identification of male infertility-related long non-coding RNAs and their functions based on a competing endogenous RNA network
Authors: Zhou Zuo , Wang Bing
Published: October 2020

Objective

To identify male infertility-related long non-coding (lnc)RNAs and an lncRNA-related competing endogenous (ce)RNA network.

Methods

Expression data including 13 normospermic and eight teratozoospermic samples from postmortem donors were downloaded from the GEO database (GSE6872). The limma R package was used to discriminate dysregulated lncRNA and micro (m)RNA profiles. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs were performed using the clusterProfiler R package. The ceRNA network of dysregulated genes was visualized by Cytoscape.

Results

A total of 101 DE lncRNAs and 1722 mRNAs were identified as male infertility-specific RNAs with thresholds of |log2FoldChange| >2.0 and adjusted P-value <0.05. GO and KEGG pathways were analyzed for DE mRNAs. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that DE genes were enriched in embryonic skeletal system development and cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions. A ceRNA network was constructed with 26 key lncRNAs, 33 microRNAs, and 133 mRNAs. DE lncRNAs in male sterility were mainly associated with transferring phosphorus-containing groups and complexes of histone methyltransferases, methyltransferases, PcG proteins, and serine/threonine protein kinases.

Conclusion

This provides a novel perspective to study lncRNA-related ceRNA networks in male infertility and assist in identifying new potential biomarkers for diagnostic purposes.
LRP8 activates STAT3 to induce PD-L1 expression in osteosarcoma
Authors: Zheng Shiqin , Wei Yuxi , Jiang Yu , Hao Yi
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

Targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) may be an effective intervention for osteosarcoma and PD-L1 expression is controlled by diverse regulatory factors. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) regulates osteoblast differentiation and it is unclear whether and how LRP8 could contribute to osteosarcoma pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the LRP8/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/PD-L1 network in osteosarcoma.

Methods:

The expression of LRP8, STAT3, and PD-L1 was measured in osteosarcoma tissues and paired normal tissues. The effects of LRP8 on STAT3 and PD-L1 expression were investigated in an osteosarcoma cell line. The effects on immunosuppression were investigated in an in vitro co-culture system with Jurkat cell line and osteosarcoma cell line. The effects of LRP8 were blocked by a LRP8 neutralizing antibody, dominant-negative STAT3, or STAT3 inhibitor.

Results:

LRP8 was overexpressed in osteosarcoma compared to normal tissues and its level was correlated with phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) level in osteosarcoma tissues. In osteosarcoma cell lines, LRP8 increased p-STAT3 level and promoted nuclear translocation of STAT3. STAT3 activation also increased PD-L1 mRNA, protein, and promoter activity. In addition, LRP8 enhanced PD-L1 expression via STAT3. In a co-culture system, LRP8 overexpression in an osteosarcoma cell line impaired viability and interleukin-2 secretion of Jurkat cells and induced apoptosis of Jurkat cells. The effects of LRP8 could be blocked by neutralizing LRP8 antibody or STAT3 inhibitor. Blocking LRP8 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells.

Conclusions:

Our results provide evidence for a novel regulation network of LRP8/STAT3/PD-L1 in osteosarcoma and LRP8 may be a potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.
Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Is Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Canine Mammary Carcinoma
Authors: Kaji Kenjiro , Kaji Noriyuki , Hori Masatoshi , Sakai Kosei , Yonezawa Tomohiro , Maeda Shingo
Published: October 2020

Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) is a G protein–coupled receptor that is activated by serine proteases. In humans, PAR2 is highly expressed in various cancers, including breast cancer, and is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. However, the expression and roles of PAR2 in canine mammary carcinoma remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of PAR2 in canine mammary carcinoma, the association between PAR2 expression and clinical characteristics, and the role of PAR2 in the metastatic phenotypes of tumor cells. Mammary carcinoma from 31 dogs and 10 normal mammary glands were included in this study, and used for immunohistochemical analysis of PAR2 expression. Normal mammary glands did not express PAR2. In contrast, mammary carcinomas showed PAR2 immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm, and its expression level varied between specimens from negative to strongly positive. The overall survival of dogs with high PAR2 expression was shorter than that of dogs with low PAR2 expression. Moreover, PAR2 expression level was associated with the presence of lymph node involvement, advanced clinical stage, and high histopathological grade. In vitro analyses revealed that a PAR2 agonist accelerated cell migration and invasion in a canine mammary carcinoma cell line. In addition, the PAR2 agonist induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and actin polymerization. These results suggest that PAR2 expression plays a role in tumor progression and clinical outcomes in canine mammary carcinoma.
Cardiopulmonary Lesions in Sheep Produced by Experimental Acute Clostridium Perfringens Type D Enterotoxemia
Authors: Giannitti Federico , García Jorge P. , Rood Julian I. , Adams Vicki , Armendano Joaquín I. , Beingesser Juliann , Uzal Francisco A.
Published: October 2020

Enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D is one of the most prevalent clostridial diseases of sheep. The lesions of the acute form of this disease, particularly the cerebral lesions, are well characterized; however, detailed descriptions of the cardiac and pulmonary lesions are lacking. Here we describe cardiopulmonary lesions in experimental acute type D enterotoxemia in sheep and determine the role of epsilon toxin (ETX) in the development of these lesions. Four groups of 6 sheep were intraduodenally inoculated with either a wild-type C. perfringens type D strain; its etx knockout mutant, which is unable to produce ETX; the etx mutant complemented with the wild-type etx gene, which regains the ETX toxigenic ability; or sterile culture medium as a control. All sheep were subjected to postmortem examination within 24 hours of inoculation. Lesion scores were compared between groups for pulmonary edema; hydrothorax; ascites; hydropericardium; endocardial, myocardial and epicardial hemorrhages; microscopic lesions of acute myocardial degeneration and necrosis; and myocardial, endocardial, and epicardial edema, hemorrhage, and inflammation. Only sheep inoculated with the wild-type and complemented ETX-toxigenic bacterial strains developed cardiopulmonary lesions, which were present in varying degrees of severity and proportions. These lesions were not present in sheep inoculated with the etx mutant or in the negative control. We conclude that severe acute cardiopulmonary lesions in sheep with experimental enterotoxemia are associated with the capacity of the strains to produce ETX. These changes are likely contributors to the clinical signs and even death of affected animals.
Do Views on Sex Offending Vary by Nationality? A Comparative Analysis of Community Sentiment Toward Sex Offense Legislation in the United States and United Kingdom
Authors: Cowan Devin , Zgoba Kristen M. , Guerette Rob T. , Levenson Jill S.
Published: October 2020

Much attention has been paid to the examination of community sentiment regarding convicted sex offenders and the policy that governs these offenders’ behavior. This literature, however, has largely been absent of international comparisons of sex offender community sentiment. The current study seeks to fill this gap by drawing from the results of surveys ( n = 333) conducted in both the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). Results indicate that sex offender policy is generally supported in both the US and the UK. Contrary to our expectations, we found that participants from the UK were less tolerant of sex offenders residing in their neighborhoods than participants from the US. Additionally, there is support for the notion that sex offender policy holds a symbolic value for both study locations. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
A non-randomized prospective study on the diagnostic performance of perineal prostatic biopsy, directed via diffusion nuclear resonance, in patients with suspected prostate cancer and previous negative transrectal prostate biopsy
Authors: Castellucci Roberto , Linares Quevedo Ana I. , Sánchez Gómez Francisco J. , Cogollos Acuña Isidro , Salmerón Béliz Isabel , Muñoz Fernández de Legaría Marta , Salinas Silvia , Martínez Piñeiro Luis
Published: October 2020

Background:

A definition of the best strategy is necessary to optimize the follow-up of patients with previous negative transrectal guided ultrasound biopsy (TRUS-GB) and the persistence of raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA).The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic rate of targeted transperineal ultrasound guided biopsy (TPUS-GB) with cognitive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) registration with concurrent systematic biopsy in patients with previous negative systematic TRUS-GB and persistently elevated PSA levels.

Materials and methods:

In this prospective study conducted at the University Infanta Sofia Hospital from April 2016 to November 2017, patients with one previous negative systematic TRUS-GB and persistently high PSA levels were referred for mpMRI prostate scans. All patients underwent systematic TPUS-GB and those patients with suspicious findings on mpMRI scans, Pirads 3 and 4-5, underwent a subsequent cognitive guidance mpMRI-TPUS-GB.

Results:

In total, 71 patients were included in this study. Suspicious findings on mpMRI scans prior to TPUS-GB were found in 50 patients (70.4%). 16 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer (22.5%), of whom 14 (87.5%) had a mpMRI scan with Pirads 3 or Pirads 4-5. Patients with Pirads 3, 4 or 5 showed negative results in almost all cores taken by concurrent systematic TPUS-GB.

Conclusions:

Cognitive mpMRI-TPUS fusion biopsy is a useful tool to diagnose PCa in patients with previous negative prostate biopsy. The samples obtained from the suspicious areas in the mpMRI detect more cases of intermediate and high risk PCa compared to the samples obtained at random or from non-suspicious areas.
A Demonstration of Symbiotic Academic-Social Enterprise in Subsistence Marketplaces: Researching and Designing Customized Sustainability Literacy Education in Tanzania
Authors: Viswanathan Madhubalan , Baskentli Sara , Gallage Samanthika , Martin Diane M. , Ramirez-Grigortsuk Maria , Subrahmanyan Saroja
Published: October 2020

This article demonstrates symbiotic academic-social enterprise (SASE), a bottom-up approach intertwined with the subsistence marketplace research stream. The SASE approach is unique in coevolving academic and social initiatives in parallel for the express purpose of achieving dual objectives: societally relevant research and social impact over an extended period. Distinct from typical action research approaches, the directionality between research and practice in this approach is circular or mutual rather than linear, the time frame continuous rather than discrete, and the unit of analysis the entire enterprise rather than a single project. Thus, SASE is fundamentally a bottom-up, learning-by-doing approach that developed in contexts characterized by a confluence of uncertainties for communities and a confluence of unfamiliarities for researchers and practitioners. The authors demonstrate this approach in the context of creating sustainability literacy education in Tanzania based on unique climate change impacts in the region. The academic research enterprise provides bottom-up insights about climate change and potential approaches to sustainability literacy education. A sustainability literacy education pilot project demonstrates an initiative in the social enterprise aspect of the approach. Finally, the authors derive public policy and marketing implications of SASE.
The Use of Cerebral NIRS Monitoring to Identify Acute Brain Injury in Patients With VA-ECMO
Authors: Hunt Megan F. , Clark Katharine T. , Whitman Glenn , Choi Chun Woo , Geocadin Romergryko G. , Cho Sung-Min
Published: October 2020

Acute brain injury (ABI) increases morbidity and mortality in patients with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Optimal neurologic monitoring methods have not been well-explicated. We studied the use of Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor cerebral regional oxygenation tissue saturation (rSO2) and its relation to ABI in VA-ECMO. In this prospective, observational cohort study of 39 consecutive patients, we analyzed the ability of rSO2 values from continuous bedside NIRS monitoring to predict ABI during VA-ECMO support. ABI occurred in 24 (61.5%) patients. Those with ABI had a lower pre-ECMO Glasgow Coma Scale, more blood product transfusions of pRBCs and FFP, and higher APACHEII score. Baseline rSO2 values were not significantly different between cohorts (54.25 vs 58.50, p = 0.260), while the minimum rSO2 value was lower for patients who experienced an ABI than those who did not (39.75 vs 44.50, p = 0.039). In patients with ABI, 21 (87.5%) had a drop in rSO2 of 25% from baseline, compared to only 7 (46.7%) patients without ABI (p = 0.017). By ROC analysis, we found that desaturations with >25% drop from the baseline rSO2 on VA-ECMO exhibited 86% sensitivity and 55% specificity to predict ABI, with an area under the curve of 0.68. Patients with ABI were more likely to have withdrawal of life sustaining therapy (17 vs 5, p = 0.049), while neurologic outcome and mortality were not statistically different between patients with or without ABI. Our results support that cerebral NIRS is a useful, real-time bedside neuromonitoring tool to detect ABI in VA-ECMO patients. A >25% drop from the baseline was sensitive in predicting ABI occurrence. Further research is needed to assess how to implement this knowledge to utilize NIRS in developing appropriate intervention strategy in VA-ECMO patients.
Dietary Changes Among Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Iacovou Marina , Gibson Peter R. , Muir Jane G.
Published: October 2020

Background

Breastfeeding mothers have been avoiding foods in their diet based on ancient beliefs that it can prevent/reduce unsettled infant crying–fussing behavior.

Research aims

This study aimed to explore (1) the prevalence of maternal dietary changes during the postpartum period; (2) the demographic and infant feeding differences between women who made dietary changes and those who did not; (3) the reasons for dietary change; and (4) what specific foods were avoided.

Methods

A prospective, cross-sectional 2-group comparison using an online survey mixed-methods design was advertised via social media and Australian websites. Anonymous volunteers who were presently breastfeeding or had breastfed for any length of time in the past were eligible.

Results

Of 1,262 participants, 966 (77%) avoided foods/beverages in their diet. The most commonly avoided beverages were alcohol (79%) and coffee (44%), and the most commonly avoided foods were chili (22%), milk-chocolate (22%), cabbage (20%), onion (20%), and garlic (16%). Reasons for dietary avoidance related to baby being unsettled (31%), baby having wind/gas (29%), colic (11%), and crying (10%). Of 245 participants who removed dairy, 80 (33%) did not substitute with calcium-rich alternatives. Food and beverage avoidance commenced as early as 1 week postpartum and continued until mean ( SD) infant age of 9 (5) months.

Conclusions

It is commonplace for breastfeeding mothers to avoid foods and beverages for reasons associated with infantile colic. Of major concern is the duration of food avoidance during a time of increased nutritional requirements. This information may assist in improving the nutritional support given to breastfeeding mothers.
Leadership and Governance in Times of Crisis: A Balancing Act for Nonprofit Boards
Authors: McMullin Caitlin , Raggo Paloma
Published: October 2020

How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the roles of nonprofit boards? We reflect critically on the leadership and management activities of boards to understand the implications of the current crisis on governance. Employing a contingency approach to governance, we present a model of boards of directors’ leadership and management roles under four governance configurations as organizations navigate through the stages of the pandemic. We suggest that organizations with governance configurations that are more suited to predictable environments will generally experience greater shifts between management and leadership activities as they move through the stages of the COVID-19 crisis.
Dark intimacy and the moral economy of sex: Rural migrants and the cultural politics of transgression
Authors: Sun Wanning
Published: October 2020

It is difficult to conduct ethnographic inquiries into how China’s rural migrant individuals make decisions about their bodies and their sexual capital, and to date there have been few attempts to do so. Equally scant are examinations of the moral, cultural, and political frameworks that rural migrant workers who live in poverty and in the socio-economic margins use to make sense of sexual decisions and choices. This article starts with an ethnographic glimpse into the lives of some sex workers in Shenzhen, and proceeds to analyse a range of texts: a novella, a novel, a cluster of news stories (from both commercial and state media), and a feature story in a popular lowbrow magazine. Pitting these texts against sex workers’ own statements, as well as reading the texts in juxtaposition, brings into sharp relief the contradictions, connections, and coalitions between a range of discursive positions. The analysis suggests that a critical socio-economic framework, rather than a normative framework of transgression, may get us closer to understanding the emotional consequences of inequality. The analysis also demonstrates that for investigations into how inequality shapes intimacy, cultural texts may contain useful ethnographic insights that complement more traditional ethnographic methods.
Cyclic dynamics of misfires and partial burns in a dilute spark-ignition engine
Authors: Stiffler Rachel , Kaul Brian , Drallmeier James
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the cyclic dynamics of cumulative heat release data past the edge of stability in a dilute spark-ignition engine. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the cyclic dynamics near the dilute limit where partial burns and misfires are frequent. These events are often followed by a higher-energy cycle due to the feed-forward mechanism present in the residual gases. These patterns are deterministic and increase the coefficient of variation to undesirable levels. Symbol sequence analysis was used to investigate the cyclic dynamics of these low–high patterns. The heat release was partitioned on an energy basis to give physical meaning to each partition and each sequence created when analyzing the symbol sequence results. This partitioning method provided insight into the differences in the dynamics when operating in the misfire or partial burn regime. These differences could impact the control method used.
Does vacuum mixing affect diameter shrinkage of a PMMA cement mantle during in vitro cemented acetabulum implantation?
Authors: Boote Alexander T , Bigsby Robert JA , Deehan David J , Rankin Kenneth S , Swailes David C , Hyde Philip J
Published: October 2020

Radiolucent lines on immediate postoperative cemented acetabular component radiographs between the PMMA bone cement mantle and bone are an indicator of an increased risk of early loosening. The cause of these lines has yet to be identified. Thermal and chemical necrosis, fluid interposition and cement shrinkage have all been suggested in the literature. The aim of the study reported here was to take an engineering approach – eliminating confounding variables present during surgery – to quantify the size of the interstice created by cement shrinkage when a 50 mm diameter flanged acetabular cup is implanted in a model acetabulum with a 52 mm hemispherical bore under controlled conditions using vacuum and non-vacuum mixed cement. Irrespective of the mixing method used, a significant interstice was created between the bone cement and the mock acetabulum. When the cement was mixed under vacuum the interstice created between the mock acetabulum and the cement mantle was 0.60 mm ± 0.09 mm; when the cement was mixed under non-vacuum conditions the interstice created was 0.39 mm ± 0.15 mm. Possible explanations for radiolucent lines are discussed.
How do union membership, union density and institutionalization affect perceptions of conflict between management and workers?
Authors: Ringqvist Josef
Published: October 2020

This article contributes to debates about trade unions and conflict by studying how individuals’ perceptions of conflicts between management and workers relate to trade union membership, country-level trade union density and institutionalization (collective bargaining coverage, centralization and policy concertation). Hierarchical multi-level models are fitted to data from the International Social Survey Programme from 2009. The results show that union members tend to be more likely than non-members to perceive management–worker conflicts and that this appears not to vary substantially between countries. However, regardless of union membership, individuals in countries with higher trade union density and with policy concertation tend to be significantly less likely to perceive conflicts. These findings highlight the risk of atomic fallacies in research limited to the individual-level effects of union membership. Contrary to an argument often raised by pluralists, neither bargaining coverage nor centralization has significant effects. Overall, the results question depictions of trade unions as divisive organizations.
Researchers’ article sharing through institutional repositories and ResearchGate: A comparison study
Authors: Kim Youngseek , Oh Jong Sir
Published: October 2020

The present study examined whether social and individual motivation factors influence researchers’ article-sharing intentions through their use of institutional repository or ResearchGate and how these factors differ between the two types of platforms. For this study, we employed a theoretical framework that integrated the Theory of Planned Behavior, community considerations, and reciprocity to examine social and individual motivation factors affecting researchers’ article-sharing intentions through the use of institutional repositories or ResearchGate. We employed diverse statistical analyses including Cronbach’s alpha, principal components factor analysis, multiple regression, and t-test based on a total of 492 survey responses from institutional repository and ResearchGate users. The results of this research revealed that institutional repository users’ article-sharing intentions were led by perceived community benefit, career benefit, and career risk whereas ResearchGate users’ intentions were led by subjective norms, perceived reciprocity, career benefit, career risk, and ease of use of the platform. These results demonstrate the need to develop different types of support and article-sharing policies for both institutional repository and ResearchGate users to facilitate or increase their article-sharing behaviors.
Long Noncoding RNA LINC01133 Promotes the Malignant Behaviors of Renal Cell Carcinoma by Regulating the miR-30b-5p/Rab3D Axis
Authors: Zhai Xiaoqiang , Wu Yan , Wang Zhenlong , Zhao Dawei , li Hecheng , Chong Tie , Zhao Jun
Published: October 2020

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer with rising incidence. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC01133 is a novel lncRNA that is involved in the development of several types of cancers. However, the role of LINC01133 in RCC has not been reported. Thus, in this study, we investigated the functions of LINC01133 in RCC. The qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to examine the levels of LINC01133 in RCC tissues and adjacent tissues, as well as RCC cell lines. The results showed that LINC01133 was highly expressed in RCC tissue specimens and cell lines. Downregulation of LINC01133 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RCC cells. Further mechanistic investigations proved that LINC01133 directly interacted with microRNA (miR)-30b-5p and regulated the miR-30b-5p expression in RCC cell lines. Moreover, miR-30b-5p exhibited tumor-suppressive activity in RCC cell lines, which was mediated by targeting Ras-related protein Rab-3D (Rab3D). In vivo study showed that LINC01133 knockdown suppressed tumor growth in the nude mice. Taken together, these findings indicated that LINC01133 might be an oncogene in RCC through regulation of the miR-30b-5p/Rab3D axis. Thus, LINC01133 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of RCC.
Thermogravimetric study of the behaviour of organic and inorganic polymers contained in four dental resin-based composites
Authors: Canceill Thibault , Pages Paul , Garnier Sarah , Dandurand Jany , Joniot Sabine
Published: October 2020

The composition of dental resin-based composite (RBC) matrix is partly responsible for many clinical failures in restorations, which may come from dimensional variation or instability in a wet environment. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the thermal stability over time of four dental RBC with different matrices. Silicone cylinders were filled with four different materials and then photopolymerized. To simulate ageing in the buccal environment, half of the samples were placed in a dark place at 37°C for 45 days in sealed compartments containing 2 ml of water. All the RBC produced were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis to measure the loss of mass as a function of temperature. Bis-GMA-based resins and Ormocer materials have similar curves before and after soaking in humid atmosphere. The curves of the UDMA resin are different before and after water ageing, meaning that water imbibition has modified the structure of the composite and its degradation. Even if many curves are similar within the same RBC at different polymerization times or at different pre- and post-ageing times, it is rare to observe a common kinetics between two different composites. Our results show good wet stability of polymerized dental RBC according to the manufacturer’s instructions, although the UDMA-based materials show more variation. It therefore seems that Ormocer resin composite with mass placement have ageing properties that can compete with those of conventional composites whereas those incremented on 2 mm layers are more sensitive to the time necessary for polymerization.
Forced treatment and care in home-dwelling persons with dementia
Authors: Gjellestad Åshild , Oksholm Trine , Bruvik Frøydis
Published: October 2020

Background:

The use of forced treatment and care of home-dwelling persons with dementia is a universally important topic. These patients are completely dependent on care from others to continue living at home.

Aim:

This study aimed to gain insights into formal decisions related to the forced treatment and care of home-dwelling persons with dementia.

Design and sample:

This is a cross-sectional study, based on formal decisions of forced treatment and care of home-dwelling persons with dementia in Norway between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2016.

Methods:

Descriptive statistical analysis. Statistically significant associations suitable for binary logistic regression were presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Ethical considerations:

Approved by The Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics, and by the Norwegian Center for Research.

Results:

We found 108 formal decisions of forced treatment and care of persons with dementia. Decisions of admission represented 57% of the data, other medical and safety decisions 27%, and assistance with activities of daily living 16%. In most cases, physicians were responsible for the decisions (77%), but nurses and family members were often involved.

Discussion and conclusion:

This study demonstrated a prevalence rate of formally documented decisions of forced treatment and care much lower than findings in previous studies. Poor documentation may constitute a risk for the safety and wellbeing of persons with dementia. Although physicians were usually responsible for the decisions, nurses and family members were often involved in the process. Family participation in forced treatment and care raises ethical dilemmas. More research on the experiences of nurses, persons with dementia and family members with forced treatment and care is needed to aid ethical, legal, and clinically challenging decision-making processes.
Pathology of an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2.1a in turkeys in Bangladesh
Authors: Mumu Tanjin T. , Nooruzzaman Mohammed , Hasnat Azmary , Parvin Rokshana , Chowdhury Emdadul H. , Bari Abu S. M. , Islam Mohammad R.
Published: October 2020

A mixed-aged flock of 130 turkeys in Bangladesh reported the sudden death of 1 bird in September 2017. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was detected in 3 turkeys, and phylogenetic analysis placed the viruses in the reassortant clade 2.3.2.1a. The birds had clinical signs of depression, diarrhea, weakness, closed eyes, and finally death. The mortality rate of the flock was 13% over the 6 d prior to the flock being euthanized. At autopsy, we observed congestion in lungs and brain, hemorrhages in the trachea, pancreas, breast muscle, coronary fat, intestine, bursa of Fabricius, and kidneys. Histopathology revealed hemorrhagic pneumonia, hemorrhages in the liver and kidneys, and hemorrhages and necrosis in the spleen and pancreas. Significant changes in the brain included gliosis, focal encephalomalacia and encephalitis, and neuronophagia.
Systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection and concurrent pleural mesothelioma in a cat
Authors: Elbert Jessica A. , Rissi Daniel R.
Published: October 2020

Herein we describe a rare case of systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection with concurrent pleural mesothelioma in a stray cat that was found dead and submitted for autopsy. Gross pathology changes consisted of thoracic clear yellow fluid admixed with suspended fibrin strands; clear-to-tan, variably sized, <3 mm diameter pulmonary nodules; and enlargement of the submandibular, retropharyngeal, and prescapular lymph nodes. Histologic changes consisted of extensive areas of suppurative inflammation and necrosis with mineralization that partially effaced the pulmonary parenchyma and lymph nodes. Random, distinct necrotic foci were present throughout the hepatic parenchyma. Extending from the pleura, within perinecrotic alveolar spaces, and infiltrating the submandibular, retropharyngeal, and prescapular lymph nodes were dense sheets of neoplastic epithelioid cells with moderate pleomorphism and occasional karyomegaly and multinucleation. Neoplastic cells exhibited immunolabeling for pancytokeratin AE1/AE3 and vimentin, consistent with pleural mesothelioma. Aerobic bacterial culture of lung yielded heavy growth of L. monocytogenes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for L. monocytogenes revealed clusters of bacteria in the lung, lymph node, and liver. Pathologic changes were consistent with systemic listeriosis, confirmed by bacterial culture and IHC, and concurrent pleural mesothelioma.
A parametric analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of bistable vibration-based piezoelectric energy harvesters
Authors: Costa Luã Guedes , Monteiro Luciana Loureiro da Silva , Pacheco Pedro Manuel Calas Lopes , Savi Marcelo Amorim
Published: October 2020

Piezoelectric materials exhibit electromechanical coupling properties and have been gained importance over the last few decades due to their broad range of applications. Vibration-based energy harvesting systems have been proposed using the direct piezoelectric effect by converting mechanical into electrical energy. Although the great relevance of these systems, performance enhancement strategies are essential to improve the applicability of these system and have been studied substantially. This work addresses a numerical investigation of the influence of cubic polynomial nonlinearities in energy harvesting systems considering a bistable structure subjected to harmonic excitation. A deep parametric analysis is carried out employing nonlinear dynamics tools. Results show complex dynamical behaviors associated with the trigger of inter-well motion. Electrical power output and efficiency are monitored in order to evaluate the configurations associated with best system performances.
Caring for Dying Infants: A Systematic Review of Healthcare Providers’ Perspectives of Neonatal Palliative Care
Authors: Beltran Susanny J. , Hamel Marie Nicole
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

The palliative and hospice care movement has expanded significantly in the United States since the 1960s. Neonatal end of life care, in particular, is a developing area of practice requiring healthcare providers to support terminally ill newborns and their families, to minimize suffering at the end of the neonate’s life. This paper seeks to systematically summarize healthcare providers’ perspectives related to end of life, in order to identify needs and inform future directions.

Methods:

Informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we systematically reviewed the literature discussing healthcare provider perspectives of neonatal end of life care ranging from year 2009 to 2020. To be included in the review, articles had to explicitly focus on perspectives of healthcare providers toward neonatal end of life care, be published in academic peer-reviewed sources, and focus on care in the United States.

Results:

Thirty-three articles were identified meeting all inclusion criteria. The literature covers, broadly, provider personal attitudes, experiences delivering care, practice approaches and barriers, and education and training needs. The experiences of physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses are highlighted, while less is discussed of other providers involved with this work (e.g., social work, physical therapy).

Conclusion:

Future research should focus on developing and testing interventions aimed at training and supporting healthcare providers working with neonates at end of life, as well as addressing barriers to the development and implementation of neonatal palliative teams and guidelines across institutions.
Impact of damage on the propagation of Rayleigh waves in lattice materials
Authors: Reda H , Rahali Y , Vieille B , Lakiss H , Ganghoffer JF
Published: October 2020

We analyze in this contribution the phase velocities of Rayleigh waves in periodic beam-lattices materials. The effective mechanical properties for the virgin and damaged structures are evaluated. The damaged lattice is modeled by removing beams within full networks made of repetitive unit cells. An evaluation of the phase velocities for the longitudinal and transverse versus the amount of damage is done for different relative densities evaluated versus the percentage of damaged beams for the square and triangular network. The effective mechanical properties of the overall network are evaluated as a function of the increasing damage based on a numerical procedure. Computations show that the square lattice has higher phase velocities in comparison with the triangular lattice. This work sets the basis of a methodology for evaluating the state of damage in network materials based on the changes in the wave propagation velocities.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Pirfenidone, Nintedanib, and Pamrevlumab for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Di Martino Enrica , Provenzani Alessio , Vitulo Patrizio , Polidori Piera
Published: October 2020

Background:

The comparative efficacy of pirfenidone, nintedanib, and pamrevlumab in slowing the rate of forced vital capacity (FVC) decline and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is unknown.

Objective:

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis (MA) of these drugs for IPF.

Methods:

We searched CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, ClincalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization’s registry databases up to March 2020. Phase II/III randomized controlled trials in adults with IPF were eligible. The random-effect model was implemented calculating the effect size and respective 95% CI as Cohen’s d for change from baseline FVC (in percentage predicted and liters) and odds ratio (OR) for 10% reduction in FVC and all-cause mortality (ACM).

Results:

Six studies were included in the MA. For change from baseline in percentage predicted FVC, the MA indicated that the 3 drugs were more effective than placebo (pirfenidone: d=3.30%, 95% CI=2.15-4.45; nintedanib: d=3.15%, 95% CI=2.35-3.95; pamrevlumab: d=4.30%, 95% CI=0.45-8.15). These results are superimposable to those relating to change from baseline FVC in liters (pirfenidone: d=0.09L, 95% CI=0.04-0.14; nintedanib: d=0.13L, 95% CI=0.10-0.16; pamrevlumab: d=0.20L, 95% CI=0.05-0.35). Each drug had a positive effect on 10% reduction in FVC (pirfenidone: OR=0.57, 95% CI=0.45-0.74; nintedanib: OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.51-0.85; pamrevlumab: OR=0.24, 95% CI=0.08-0.73), but only pirfenidone showed an effect on ACM (OR=0.50; 95% CI=0.31-0.83).

Conclusion and Relevance:

This MA provided encouraging results on pamrevlumab efficacy in slowing the decline in FVC compared with pirfenidone and nintedanib. Actually, in phase 3, it could become a potential IPF treatment.
Energy Cooperation With North Korea: Conditions Making Renewable Energy Appropriate
Authors: Han Heejin
Published: October 2020

North Korea remains one of the countries whose energy conditions should be drastically improved not just for its own people but also for the international community to achieve multiple energy-related goals under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To generate future energy cooperation ideas, this study examines previously proposed or implemented programs between North Korea and international entities, recognizing that they have largely neglected to incorporate the evolving local energy landscape and priorities of North Korea. This study thus pays particular attention to the development and diffusion of renewable energy under the Kim Jong-un administration, from which it draws a policy-oriented suggestion that the renewable energy field could offer a path to future international energy cooperation with North Korea.
A robust adaptive control design for active tuned mass damper systems of multistory buildings
Authors: Ümütlü Rafet Can , Ozturk Hasan , Bidikli Baris
Published: October 2020

In this study, a robust adaptive controller is designed to be used in an active tuned mass damper system that can be used to damp undesired vibrations that occurred on the multistory buildings during the earthquake. To realize the controller design, all of the system parameters are assumed to be unknown, and the adaptive structure of the designed controller is obtained by designing adaptive compensation rules for system parameters. A backstepping control design approach is utilized for the control design by considering the appropriateness of the system’s structure of multistory buildings having an active tuned mass damper system at the top of the structure. The proposed control design is supported with a Lyapunov-based stability analysis where it is proven that the designed controller is able to protect the overall system’s stability while reaching the main control purpose. In addition to these, in the simulation studies realized for a nine-story building under the effect of a major earthquake, it is shown that the designed controller can be used to reach the main control purpose efficiently.
Informant Discrepancies in Child Maltreatment Reporting: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cooley Daryl T. , Jackson Yo
Published: October 2020

Potential informants on child maltreatment include the youth who has experienced the alleged maltreatment, and the youth’s caregivers, social workers and case files. When multiple informants are compared, they often disagree about whether or not a youth has experienced maltreatment. Such determinations are critical as endorsement—or lack of endorsement—of maltreatment can have significant consequences on the child’s safety, future living arrangements and referral for treatment and services. The current study provides a systematic review of the literature on informant discrepancies in child maltreatment. Three databases—PsychINFO, Web of Science, and PubMed—were used to identify studies for the review and 13 articles met inclusion criteria. Results showed that more youth tend to report physical, sexual and emotional abuse than seen in case files. By contrast, more case files include neglect than reported by youth. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Successful rechallenge of alectinib after remission of severe alectinib-induced interstitial lung disease
Authors: Huang Jhong-Ru , Chou Chung-Wei , Chao Heng-Sheng
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Even though alectinib is a potent second-generation ALK inhibitor with a favorable safety profile, alectinib-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) could be fatal. There are case reports described successful alectinib rechallenge in mild ILD. However, the feasibility and safety of rechallenge in severe cases remains to be elucidated.

Case report

A 76-year-old female was a case of stage IV lung adenocarcinoma harboring ALK rearrangement. Respiratory failure following severe ILD developed one month after alectinib administration. She received mechanical ventilation in intensive care uint. ILD subsided gradually after methylprednisolone pulse therapy and discontinuation of alectinib. Management and outcome: After the recovery from ILD, the patient attempted a re-escalation of alectinib from a lower dose under close clinical and radiological monitoring. No ILD happened even after 480 days of alectinib rechallenge.

Discussion

Given that the ALK inhibitors are the treatment of choice for advanced lung cancer patients with ALK rearrangement. Our report demonstrated the potential feasibility of alectinib re-use in cases of severe druginduced ILD.
Fatal hepatitis B reactivation in a patient receiving chemoradiation for cervical cancer
Authors: Dimond Colin , Negroiu Andreea , M. Hughes David , Patel Jasmine
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global public health threat, with approximately 257 million people suffering from chronic HBV infection worldwide in 2015. HBV reactivation is a known complication of immunosuppressive therapy in people suffering with chronic HBV. Medications commonly associated with HBV reactivation include B-cell depleting agents and anthracycline derivatives. There have been very few documented cases of chemoradiation inducing HBV reactivation among scientific literature.

Case report

A 44-year-old woman with chronic HBV infection and [FIGO] stage IIIB cervical cancer developed marked transaminitis and increased HBV viral load after receiving treatment with three doses of cisplatin and one dose of carboplatin with concurrent radiation for cervical cancer. Management and outcome: The patient was admitted for acute liver failure and quickly developed encephalopathy, with treatment complicated by coagulopathy, hypoglycemia, and metabolic acidosis. The patient remained unresponsive to maximal therapeutic efforts and was mechanically ventilated for airway protection. She subsequently died after experiencing ventricular tachycardia followed by asystole.

Discussion

There are currently no standardized guidelines for the screening of HBV infection or prophylaxis treatment algorithm for patients undergoing chemoradiation. When initiating treatment with immunosuppressive therapy, it is important to screen all patients for chronic HBV infection and to work with an interdisciplinary team of oncologists, hepatologists, and pharmacists to initiate prophylactic antiviral therapy and closely monitor to minimize the risk of HBV reactivation.
“Ambulatory Management of Moderate to High Risk COVID-19 Patients: The Coronavirus Related Outpatient Work Navigators (CROWN) Protocol”
Authors: Lisker Gita , Narasimhan Mangala , Greenberg Harly , Ramdeo Ramona , McGinn Thomas
Published: October 2020

During the height of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in New York City, area hospitals were filled to 150% capacity, and there was a significant fear among the public of going to the hospital. Many hospitalized patients were treated with therapies that could be administered in a home setting under proper monitoring. We designed the CROWN Program, a Home-Care based ambulatory protocol to evaluate, monitor, and treat moderate to high risk COVID-19 patients in their homes, with escalation to hospital care when necessary. Patients were evaluated with telehealth visits with a Pulmonologist, and a Home-Care protocol, including RN visit, pulse-oximetry, and oxygen, lab-work, intravenous fluids, medication if needed patient data, comorbidities, and symptoms were collected. Labs, including COVID-19 PCR, D Dimer, CRP, Ferritin, Procalcitonin, CBC, and metabolic panel were measured, as were homecare, home oxygen, and intravenous fluids orders, radiographic studies and initiation of an anticoagulant. Emergency Department visits and need for hospital admission during the study period were recorded. A total of 182 patients were enrolled between the start date of April 27th and June 1st, and fell into two categories: not-admitted (101) and post-discharge (81). Two patients were referred for hospital admission, seven were treated and released from the ED, and one was referred to home hospice. There were no unexpected admissions or deaths. The CROWN program has demonstrated the feasibility and apparent safety of a specialized, Home-Care based protocol for the ambulatory management of moderate to high risk COVID-19 patients.