bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemoptysis: unilateral pulmonary artery atresia? a case report
Authors: Maini Aneel , Cousins Sebastian , Holliday Tyler , Memoli Jessica Wang , Vasu Tajender Singh , Khaitan Puja Gaur
Published: June 2023

Background

Asymptomatic, isolated cases of unilateral pulmonary artery atresia may present in adulthood with symptoms such as recurrent respiratory infections, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and pulmonary hypertension. Unlike previously reported patients that underwent surgical management for this pathology, the patient in this report had no chronic history of recurrent respiratory infections, dyspnea, or pulmonary hypertension, making a diagnosis prior to extensive imaging difficult.

Case presentation

A 55-year-old male presented to our emergency department (ED) with a 3-day history of recurrent cough with 2–3 tablespoons of hemoptysis per episode, chills, and occasional wheezing. A computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed, which identified a congenital absence of the left pulmonary artery and a right-sided aortic arch. Hypertrophied left intercostal and bronchial arteries were noted to be perfusing the left lung. V/Q scan confirmed a heterogeneous distribution of gas throughout both lung fields with 97% perfusion to the right lung, but no visualization of the left lung on the perfusion images. Given extensive collateral blood supply to the left lung, interventional radiology performed a GELFOAM® embolization of the hypertrophied left bronchial artery and two parasitized arteries from the left subclavian artery to minimize intra-operative blood loss. This was immediately followed by a left thoracotomy, pneumonectomy, intercostal muscle flap placement, and bronchoscopy. The procedure was 360 min long with a total of 1500 cc blood loss that was salvaged and re-infused. No additional blood products were administered. The patient remained intubated post-operatively and was transferred to the surgical intensive care unit. His postoperative course was complicated by troponin leak, rhabdomyolysis, delirium, and ileus, all of which resolved over time. He was discharged home on postoperative day seven and continues to do well one-year later.

Conclusions

The patient in this report presented with several episodes of isolated hemoptysis but unlike previously reported cases of unilateral pulmonary artery atresia, he had no history of recurrent respiratory infections, dyspnea, or pulmonary hypertension. Although unilateral pulmonary artery atresia is a rare diagnosis, in patients with unexplained, isolated hemoptysis, further examination of the vasculature may be warranted, and surgical management may be beneficial in appropriate, symptomatic patients.
Physician- and patient-reported perspectives on myasthenia gravis in Europe: a real-world survey
Authors: Mahic Milada , Bozorg Ali , DeCourcy Jonathan , Golden Keisha , Gibson Gregor , Taylor Christian , Scowcroft Anna
Published: June 2023

Background

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare, chronic, debilitating, unpredictable, and potentially life-threatening neuromuscular disease. There is a lack of real-world data on disease management that could be used to further understand and address unmet patient needs and burden. We aimed to provide comprehensive real-world insights in the management of MG in five European countries.

Methods

Data were collected using the Adelphi Real World Disease Specific Programme™ in MG, a point-in-time survey of physicians and their patients with MG in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom (UK). Physician- and patient-reported clinical data were collected, including demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, disease history, treatments, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and quality of life outcomes.

Results

In total, 144 physicians completed 778 patient record forms from March to July 2020 in the UK, and from June to September 2020 in France, Germany, Italy and Spain. Mean patient age at symptom onset was 47.7 years, with a mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis of 332.4 days (10.97 months). At diagnosis, 65.3% of patients were classified as Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Class II or above. Mean number of symptoms reported at diagnosis per patient was five, with ocular myasthenia reported in at least 50% of patients. At time of survey completion, the mean number of symptoms reported per patient was five and ocular myasthenia and ptosis were each still present in more than 50% of patients. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were the most commonly prescribed chronic treatments in all countries. Of 657 patients treated with chronic treatment at the time of the survey, 62% continued to experience moderate-to-severe symptoms. On average, 3.1 healthcare professionals (HCPs) were involved in patient management, 6.2 consultations were made per patient with any HCP over the last 12 months, and 178 (22.9%) patients were hospitalized in the last 12 months. Overall, HCRU and disease management were similar across all countries.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrated the high burden of MG despite current treatment options for patients with MG.
Exploring the link between viruses and cancer in companion animals: a comprehensive and comparative analysis
Authors: Parisi Francesca , Fonti Niccolò , Millanta Francesca , Freer Giulia , Pistello Mauro , Poli Alessandro
Published: June 2023

Currently, it is estimated that 15% of human neoplasms globally are caused by infectious agents, with new evidence emerging continuously. Multiple agents have been implicated in various forms of neoplasia, with viruses as the most frequent. In recent years, investigation on viral mechanisms underlying tumoral transformation in cancer development and progression are in the spotlight, both in human and veterinary oncology. Oncogenic viruses in veterinary medicine are of primary importance not only as original pathogens of pets, but also in the view of pets as models of human malignancies. Hence, this work will provide an overview of the main oncogenic viruses of companion animals, with brief notes of comparative medicine.
Lack of alignment between orthopaedic surgeon priorities and patient expectations in total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Shah Harsh N. , Barrett Andrew A. , Le Patrick H. , Arora Prerna , Kamal Robin N. , Amanatullah Derek F.
Published: June 2023

Background

Healthcare systems are shifting toward “patient-centered” care often without assessing the values important to patients. Analogously, the interests of the patient may be disparate with physician interests, as pay-for-performance models become common. The purpose of the study was to determine which medical preferences are essential for patients during their surgical care.

Methods

This prospective, observational study surveyed 102 patients who had undergone a primary knee replacement and/or hip replacement surgery about hypothetical scenarios regarding their surgical experience. Data analysis included categorical variables presented as a number and percent, while continuous variables presented as mean and standard deviation. Statistical analysis for anticoagulation data included the Pearson chi-square test and one-way ANOVA test.

Results

A large majority, 73 patients (72%), would not pay to have a four-centimeter or smaller incision. The remaining 29 patients (28%) would prefer to have a four-centimeter or smaller incision and would pay a mean of $1,328 ± 1,629 for that day. A significant number of patients preferred not to use anticoagulation (p = 0.019); however, the value attributed to avoiding a specific method of anticoagulation was found not to be significant (p = 0.507).

Conclusions

The study determined the metrics prioritized by hospitals and surgeons are not important to the majority of patients when they evaluate their own care. These disconnects in the entitlements patients expect and receive can be solved by including patients in discussions with physicians and hospital systems.
Low-cost molecular methods to characterise gastrointestinal nematode co-infections of goats in Africa
Authors: Airs Paul M. , Ventura-Cordero Javier , Mvula Winchester , Takahashi Taro , Van Wyk Jan , Nalivata Patson , Safalaoh Andrews , Morgan Eric R.
Published: June 2023

Background

Veterinary diagnostics aid intervention strategies, track zoonoses, and direct selective breeding programs in livestock. In ruminants, gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites are a major cause of production losses, but morphologically similar species limit our understanding of how specific GIN co-infections impact health in resource-limited settings. To estimate the presence and relative abundance of GINs and other helminths at the species level, we sought to develop a low-cost and low-resource molecular toolkit applied to goats from rural Malawi smallholdings.

Methods

Goats were subjected to health scoring and faecal sampling on smallholdings in Lilongwe district, Malawi. Infection intensities were estimated by faecal nematode egg counts with a faecal subsample desiccated for DNA analysis. Two DNA extraction methods were tested (low-resource magbead kit vs high-resource spin-column kit), with resulting DNA screened by endpoint polymerase chain reaction (PCR), semi-quantitative PCR, quantitative PCR (qPCR), high-resolution melt curve analysis (HRMC), and ‘nemabiome’ internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) amplicon sequencing.

Results

Both DNA isolation methods yielded comparable results despite poorer DNA purity and faecal contaminant carryover from the low-resource magbead method. GINs were detected in 100% of samples regardless of infection intensity. Co-infections with GINs and coccidia (Eimeria spp.) were present in most goats, with GIN populations dominated by Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus axei, and Oesophagostomum columbianum. Both multiplex PCR and qPCR were highly predictive of GIN species proportions obtained using nemabiome amplicon sequencing; however, HRMC was less reliable than PCR in predicting the presence of particular species.

Conclusions

These data represent the first ‘nemabiome’ sequencing of GINs from naturally infected smallholder goats in Africa and show the variable nature of GIN co-infections between individual animals. A similar level of granularity was detected by semi-quantitative PCR methods, which provided an accurate summary of species composition.

Assessing GIN co-infections is therefore possible using cost-efficient low-resource DNA extraction and PCR approaches that can increase the capacity of molecular resources in areas where sequencing platforms are not available; and also open the door to affordable molecular GIN diagnostics. Given the diverse nature of infections in livestock and wildlife, these approaches have potential for disease surveillance in other areas.

Graphical Abstract
Therapeutic effects on the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Feng Bin , Yu Peiran , Yu Hao , Qian Buyun , Li Yuan , Sun Kangyun , Shi Bimin , Zhang Nannan , Xu Guidong
Published: June 2023

Background

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common disease with high morbidity and lacks effective treatment. We investigated the protective effects of the long-term application of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) dapagliflozin on diabetes-associated HFpEF in a rat model. Serum proteomics and metabolomics analysis were also conducted in type 2 diabetic patients with HFpEF treated with dapagliflozin.

Methods

Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were used as a model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. From weeks 16 to 28, animals were given a vehicle or dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg) once daily. Primary blood biochemistry indices, echocardiography, histopathology, and cardiac hemodynamics were determined during the study period. The key markers of myocardial fibrosis, nitro-oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and AMPK/mTOR signaling were examined. Additionally, healthy controls and individuals with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and 16 serum samples from 4 groups were randomly selected. Serum proteome and metabolome changes after dapagliflozin treatment were analyzed in diabetic individuals with HFpEF.

Results

Dapagliflozin effectively prevented the development of HFpEF in rats with diabetes by mitigating nitro-oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, myocardial hypertrophy, and fibrosis, reducing apoptosis, and restoring autophagy through AMPK activating and mTOR pathway repressing. Proteomics and metabolomics revealed that cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein particle metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and cAMP and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling are the major disturbed pathways in HFpEF patients treated with dapagliflozin.

Conclusion

Long-term treatment with dapagliflozin significantly prevented the development of HFpEF in diabetic rats. Dapagliflozin could be a promising therapeutic strategy in managing HFpEF individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Refractory multisystemic sarcoidosis, a diagnosis and treatment challenge: a case report
Authors: Flores Jorge Luis Rodas , de Ceballos Enrique Peral Gutiérrez , Hernández-Cruz Blanca , Muñoz Alejandro Hernán Alvarez , Machuca-Aguado Jesús , Gallardo Salvador Recio , Venegas José Javier Perez
Published: June 2023

Background

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown origin. It is characterized by abnormal activation of lymphocytes and macrophages with the formation of granulomas. Most cases have asymptomatic pulmonary involvement. In case of symptoms, they have an excellent response to glucocorticoid therapy. We present a case of sarcoidosis with multi-organ involvement, refractory to multiple treatments including biological. Partial remission was achieved in it.

Case presentation

We report an interesting case of a 38-years-old Spanish woman treated by Heerfordt’s syndrome (uveitis, parotiditis, fever and facial palsy) plus pulmonary hiliar adenopathy. A sarcoidosis diagnosis was confirmed by lung biopsy. She was initially treated with an 8 weeks course of medium dose oral glucocorticoids and tapered over 8 weeks with improvement. After the suspension of glucocorticoids a relapse occurs with severe ocular involvement and suspicion of neurological involvement. The patient received multiple lines of treatment with poor response. Finally, after the combination of cyclophosphamide with infliximab, the uveitis resolved, improving the neurological symptoms.

Conclusions

Sarcoidosis is a benign disease in most cases. In a small percentage of cases behaves aggressively, requiring early diagnosis and immunosuppressive treatment to avoid sequelae. An adequate immunosuppressive therapy based on Anti TNF drugs should be started to minimize damage and improve the quality of life.The choice of treatment depends on the type and severity of the disease.
Oral administration of bromelain and acetylcysteine in pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) caused by low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN): a case report
Authors: Geisel Dominik , Langen Ute , Rüdiger Thomas
Published: June 2023

Background

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (PMP) is a severe neoplastic clinical syndrome characterised by secretion of mucin from tumors often originating in the appendix. The standard treatment includes cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). A new perspective in PMP treatment aims at the mucins themselves as a therapeutic target.

Case presentation

Here we report the first case of PMP with peritoneal dissemination of mucinous implants caused by low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) in a 58-year-old white male exclusively treated by appendectomy and oral administration of bromelain and acetylcysteine in the context of a medical self-experimentation (by co-author T.R.). Observation so far covers a period of 48 months including regular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with stable findings.

Conclusions

Oral administration of bromelain and acetylcysteine can be used in the treatment of PMP caused by LAMN without relevant clinical side effects.
The effect of virtual reality technology on anti-fall ability and bone mineral density of the elderly with osteoporosis in an elderly care institution
Authors: Zhao Rui , Zhao Xiangdi , Guan Jianzhong , Zhang Changchun , Zhu Kun
Published: June 2023

Objective

To explore the impact of virtual reality (VR) training on anti-fall ability and bone mineral density (BMD) among elderly patients admitted to a healthcare institution.

Methods

People (aged 50) with osteoporosis in an elderly care institution in Anhui Province June 2020 to October 2021 were selected and randomly divided into VR group (n = 25) and control group (n = 25). In VR group, the virtual reality rehabilitation training system was used for training, while control group was treated with traditional fall prevention exercise intervention. The changes of Berg Balance Scale (BBS), timed up and go test (TUGT), functional gait assessment (FGA), bone mineral density (BMD) and falls during 12 months of training were compared between the two groups.

Results

BBS and FGA were positively correlated with BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck, and TUGT was negatively correlated with BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck. After 12 months of training, the BBS score, TUGT evaluation and FGA evaluation of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those prior to training (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD between the two groups 6 months after the intervention. The femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD of the VR group improved, and it was significantly higher than that of the control group 12 months after the intervention. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in terms of the incidence of adverse events between the two groups.

Conclusion

VR training can improve anti-fall ability and increase femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD and can effectively prevent and reduce the risk of injury among elderly people with osteoporosis.
Endoscopic stent placement with laparoscopic stent fixation in a patient with obstruction at a gastrojejunostomy anastomosis site
Authors: Son Kiwa , Shindo Koji , Ouchida Kenoki , Moriyama Taiki , Tamura Koji , Nagayoshi Kinuko , Mizuuchi Yusuke , Ikenaga Naoki , Nakata Kohei , Nakamura Masafumi
Published: June 2023

Background

Palliative endoscopic stent placement may be considered in patients with malignant gastrointestinal obstruction. Stent migration is a potential complication, particularly for those placed at a surgical anastomosis or across a stricture caused by extra-alimentary tract factors. We report a patient with left renal pelvis cancer and gastrojejunostomy obstruction who underwent endoscopic stent placement and laparoscopic stent fixation.

Case presentation

A 60-year-old male with peritoneal dissemination of a left renal pelvis cancer was admitted for treatment of upper gastrointestinal obstruction. A laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy had been previously performed for cancer invasion of the duodenum. Imaging showed gastroduodenal dilation and impaired passage of contrast medium through the efferent loop of the gastrojejunostomy. Gastrojejunostomy anastomosis site obstruction due to dissemination of left renal pelvis cancer was diagnosed. Conservative treatment failed and endoscopic stent placement with laparoscopic stent fixation was performed. After surgery, the patient was able to tolerate oral intake and he was discharged without complications. The patient gained weight and was able to resume chemotherapy, indicating the procedure was effective.

Conclusions

Endoscopic stent placement with laparoscopic stent fixation for malignant upper gastrointestinal obstruction appears effective in patients with a high risk of stent migration.
Usefulness of the velocity–time integral of the left ventricular outflow tract variability index to predict fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Pérez-Manjarrez Aldo , García-Cruz Edgar , Gopar-Nieto Rodrigo , Jiménez-Rodríguez Gian Manuel , Lazcano-Díaz Emmanuel , Rojas-Velasco Gustavo , Manzur-Sandoval Daniel
Published: June 2023

Background

Haemodynamic monitoring of patients after cardiac surgery using echocardiographic evaluation of fluid responsiveness is both challenging and increasingly popular. We evaluated fluid responsiveness in the first hours after surgery by determining the variability of the velocity–time integral of the left ventricular outflow tract (VTI-LVOT).

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 50 consecutive adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery and in whom it was possible to obtain VTI-LVOT measurements. We then determined the variability and correlations with our pulse pressure variation (PPV) measurements to predict fluid responsiveness.

Results

A strong positive correlation was seen between the VTI-LVOT variability index absolute values and PPV for predicting fluid responsiveness in the first hours after cardiac surgery. We also found that the VTI-LVOT variability index has high specificity and a high positive likelihood ratio compared with the gold standard using a cut-off point of ≥ 12%.

Conclusions

The VTI-LVOT variability index is a valuable tool for determining fluid responsiveness during the first 6 postoperative hours in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Childhood and Adolescent Cancer Care at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Tanzania: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Majaliwa Esther , Smith Emily R. , Cotache-Condor Cesia , Rice Hannah , Gwanika Yotham , Canick Julia , Chao Nelson , Schroeder Kristin , Rice Henry E. , Staton Catherine , Mmbaga Blandina T.
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE

Over 400,000 children are diagnosed with cancer around the world each year, with over 80% of these children residing in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to summarize the epidemiology and care patterns of newly diagnosed childhood cancer patients in Northern Tanzania.

METHODS

Data from all children and adolescents (age 0-19 years) with newly diagnosed cancers were collected from the Kilimanjaro Cancer Registry located at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants over time, stage, and status at last contact. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Secondary descriptive analysis was conducted on a subset sample with available staging data.

RESULTS

A total of 417 patients were diagnosed with cancer between 2016 and 2021. There was an increase in the rate of patients with newly diagnosed pediatric cancer each year, particularly among children under age 5 years and 10 years. Leukemias and lymphomas were the leading diagnoses and accounted for 183 (43.8%) of all patients. Over 75% of patients were diagnosed at stage III or above. From a subset analysis of patients with available staging data (n = 101), chemotherapy was the most common treatment (87.1%), compared with radiotherapy and surgery.

CONCLUSION

There is a significant burden of children with cancer in Tanzania. Our study fills crucial gaps in the literature related to the large burden of disease and survival for children with cancer in the Kilimanjaro region. Furthermore, our results can be used to understand the regional needs and guide research and strategic interventions to improve childhood cancer survival in Northern Tanzania.
Advancing Therapies for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Other Pacific Islanders With Cancer: OCE's Project ASIATICA
Authors: Gao Jennifer J. , Pazdur Richard , Kim Tamy
Published: June 2023

Project ASIATICA is a new @FDAOncology initiative focusing on AA & NHPI patients with cancer. @drjennifergao @tamykim27 @realrickpazdur
Association Between Oncology Clinical Pathway Utilization and Toxicity and Cost Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Solid Tumors
Authors: Liu Ying , Mullangi Samyukta , Debono David , Chen Xiaoxue , Pham Timothy , Fisch Michael J. , Gordon Aliza S. , Hershman Dawn L.
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE

This retrospective observational study compared cancer care toxicity and cost outcomes for patients with metastatic cancer with nine different cancer types prescribed on- versus off-pathway regimens.

METHODS

This study used claims and authorization data from a national insurer between January 1, 2018, and October 31, 2021. Participants included adults with metastatic breast, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, melanoma, kidney, bladder, gastric, or uterine cancer, who were prescribed first-line anticancer regimens. Multivariable regressions were used to assess outcomes including counts of emergency room visits or hospitalizations, use of supportive care medications, immune-related adverse events (IRAEs), and health care costs.

RESULTS

Of the 8,357 patients in the study, 5,453 (65.3%) were prescribed on-pathway regimens. The on-pathway proportion trended downward, from 74.3% in 2018 to 59.8% in 2021. The on- and off-pathway groups had a similar proportion of patients with treatment-related hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.080; P = .201) and IRAEs (aOR, 0.961; P = .497). More all-cause hospitalizations (aOR, 1.679; P = .013) were observed among patients with melanoma treated on-pathway. The on-pathway group had higher use of supportive care drugs in bladder cancer (aOR, 4.602; P < .001) and colorectal cancer (aOR, 4.465; P < .001), and lower use in breast (aOR, 0.668; P = .001) and lung cancer (aOR, 0.550; P < .001). On average, on-pathway patients incurred $17,589 less total health care cost ( P < .001), and $22,543 lower chemotherapy cost ( P < .001) than those from the off-pathway group.

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that use of on-pathway regimens was associated with significant cost savings. Toxicity outcomes were variable by disease, but overall, there were similar numbers of treatment-related hospitalizations and IRAEs compared to off-pathway regimens. This cross-institutional study provides evidence to support the use of clinical pathway regimens for patients with metastatic cancer.
Closing the Caregiving Gap: Considerations for Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancer Caregivers
Authors: Willis Kelcie D. , Jacobs Jamie M.
Published: June 2023

Family caregivers of patients with pancreatic cancer face immense practical challenges and high emotional burden; they lack tailored support. Investigators advocate for more research, supportive interventions, and policy changes.
Prognostic Value of Neurotrophic Tyrosine Receptor Kinase Gene Fusions in Solid Tumors for Overall Survival: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lassen Ulrik , Bokemeyer Carsten , Garcia-Foncillas Jesus , Italiano Antoine , Vassal Gilles , Paracha Noman , Marian Marisca , Chen Yuxian , Linsell Louise , Abrams Keith
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE

Evidence suggests that neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase ( NTRK) gene fusions in solid tumors are predictive biomarkers for targeted inhibition across a number of adult and pediatric tumor types. However, despite robust clinical response to tyrosine receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors, the natural history and prognostic implications of NTRK fusions in solid tumors are poorly understood. It is important to evaluate their prognostic significance on survival to provide some context to the clinical effectiveness observed in clinical trials of TRK-targeted therapies.

METHODS

A systematic literature review was conducted in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed to identify studies comparing the overall survival (OS) of patients with NTRK fusion–positive ( NTRK+) versus NTRK fusion–negative ( NTRK–) tumors. Five retrospective matched case-control studies published before 11 August 2022 were assessed for inclusion, and three were selected for the meta-analysis (sample size: 69 NTRK+, 444 NTRK–). Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies tool. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) was estimated using a Bayesian random-effects model.

RESULTS

In the meta-analysis, the median follow-up ranged from 2 to 14 years and the median OS was between 10.1 and 12.7 months (where reported). Comparing patients with tumors NTRK+ and NTRK–, the pooled HR estimate for OS was 1.51 (95% credible interval, 1.01 to 2.29). The patients analyzed had no previous or current exposure to TRK inhibitors.

CONCLUSION

In patients not treated with TRK inhibitor therapies, those with NTRK+ solid tumors have a 50% increased risk of mortality within 10 years from diagnosis or the start of standard therapy compared with those with NTRK– status. Although this is the most robust estimate of the comparative survival rate to date, further studies are required to reduce uncertainty.
Integration of Biorelevant Pediatric Dissolution Methodology into PBPK Modeling to Predict In Vivo Performance and Bioequivalence of Generic Drugs in Pediatric Populations: a Carbamazepine Case Study
Authors: Pawar Gopal , Wu Fang , Zhao Liang , Fang Lanyan , Burckart Gilbert J. , Feng Kairui , Mousa Youssef M. , Al Shoyaib Abdullah , Jones Marie-Christine , Batchelor Hannah K.
Published: June 2023

This
study investigated the impact of gastro-intestinal fluid volume and bile salt (BS) concentration on the dissolution of carbamazepine (CBZ) immediate release (IR) 100 mg tablets and to integrate these in vitro biorelevant dissolution profiles into physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling (PBPK) in pediatric and adult populations to determine the biopredictive dissolution profile. Dissolution profiles of CBZ IR tablets (100 mg) were generated in 50–900 mL biorelevant adult fasted state simulated gastric and intestinal fluid (Ad-FaSSGF and Ad-FaSSIF), also in three alternative compositions of biorelevant pediatric FaSSGF and FaSSIF medias at 200 mL. This study found that CBZ dissolution was poorly sensitive to changes in the composition of the biorelevant media, where dissimilar dissolution (F2 = 46.2) was only observed when the BS concentration was changed from 3000 to 89 μM (Ad-FaSSIF vs Ped-FaSSIF 50% 14 BS). PBPK modeling demonstrated the most predictive dissolution volume and media composition to forecast the PK was 500 mL of Ad-FaSSGF/Ad-FaSSIF media for adults and 200 mL Ped-FaSSGF/FaSSIF media for pediatrics. A virtual bioequivalence simulation was conducted by using Ad-FaSSGF and/or Ad-FaSSIF 500 mL or Ped-FaSSGF and/or Ped-FaSSIF 200 mL dissolution data for CBZ 100 mg (reference and generic test) IR product. The CBZ PBPK models showed bioequivalence of the product. This study demonstrates that the integration of biorelevant dissolution data can predict the PK profile of a poorly soluble drug in both populations. Further work using more pediatric drug products is needed to verify biorelevant dissolution data to predict the in vivo performance in pediatrics.

Graphical Abstract
ARPC5 deficiency leads to severe early-onset systemic inflammation and mortality
Authors: Sindram Elena , Caballero-Oteyza Andrés , Kogata Naoko , Chor Mei Huang Shaina , Alizadeh Zahra , Gámez-Díaz Laura , Fazlollhi Mohammad Reza , Peng Xiao , Grimbacher Bodo , Way Michael , Proietti Michele
Published: June 2023

The Arp2/3 complex drives the formation of branched actin networks that are essential for many cellular processes. In humans, the ARPC5 subunit of the Arp2/3 complex is encoded by two paralogous genes (ARPC5 and ARPC5L) with 67% identity. Through whole-exome sequencing, we identified a biallelic ARPC5 frameshift variant in a female child who presented with recurrent infections, multiple congenital anomalies, diarrhea and thrombocytopenia, and suffered early demise from sepsis. Her consanguineous parents also had a previous child who died with similar clinical features. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated approaches, we demonstrate that loss of ARPC5 affects actin cytoskeleton organization and function in vitro. Homozygous Arpc5−/− mice do not survive past embryonic day 9 owing to developmental defects, including loss of the second pharyngeal arch, which contributes to craniofacial and heart development. Our results indicate that ARPC5 is important for both prenatal development and postnatal immune signaling, in a non-redundant manner with ARPC5L. Moreover, our observations add ARPC5 to the list of genes that should be considered when patients present with syndromic early-onset immunodeficiency, particularly if recessive inheritance is suspected.
Development of High-Temperature Superconducting Coil for Solid-State NMR Experiments
Authors: Yamada Kazuhiko , Takahashi Masato , Tritrakarn Techit , Kato Shota , Okamura Tetsuji , Irie Kotaro , Hoshi Haruki , Saito Atsushi
Published: June 2023

A high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil, in which YBa2Cu3O7-δ is vapor-deposited on the surface of a sapphire plane, has been developed to increase signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The Q-factor of the NMR probe is found to be 16,125 at the resonant frequency of 38.525 MHz. A single sharp signal, full width at half maximum of 20 ppm, can be detected by the HTS coil in a stationary solid-state 79Br NMR spectrum of a polycrystalline potassium bromide at the temperature of 9 K. Compared with the results for an isomorphic copper coil, an improvement of a factor of 6.6 is obtained for SNR, indicating that accumulation time of NMR experiments can be reduced to 1/44.
Dividend Taxes and the Allocation of Capital: Comment
Authors: Bach Laurent , Bozio Antoine , Guillouzouic Arthur , Malgouyres Clément
Published: June 2023

Boissel and Matray (2022) find that investment increased after 2013 in French firms facing higher dividend taxes. We identify an alteration in the code plotting the event study of the effect of this reform on investment. Using identical data and removing this alteration, we find differential pre-trends between treated and control firms. We also establish that the controls referred to as “size growth,” used in all the difference-in-difference specifications, effectively are controls for lagged investment, i.e., the main outcome variable. Removing such controls attenuates differential pre-trends but leaves no clear event study evidence of a positive effect of dividend taxation on investment. (JEL D22, G31, G35, H25, H32)
Latitudinal distribution of solar microflares and high-temperature plasma at solar minimum
Authors: Kirichenko Aleksey , Loboda Ivan , Reva Anton , Ulyanov Artyom , Bogachev Sergey
Published: June 2023

The paper analyzes the latitudinal distribution of high-temperature plasma (T>4 MK) and microflares on the solar disk during low solar activity in 2009. The distribution of A0.1–A1.0 microflares contains belts typical of ordinary flares of B class and higher. In total, we have registered 526 flares, most of which, about 96 %, occurred at high latitudes. About 4 % of microflares were found near the solar equator. We believe that they were formed by the residual magnetic field of previous solar cycle 23. Ordinary flares were almost not observed near the equator during this period. The number of microflares in the southern hemisphere was slightly higher than in the northern one. This differs from the distribution of ordinary flares for which the northern hemisphere was previously reported to be dominant.
Differences in the response to CME and CIR drivers of geomagnetic disturbances
Authors: Namuun B. , Tsegmed Battuulai , Li L.Y. , Leghari G.M.
Published: June 2023

Utilizing 1-minute resolution data on the geomagnetic indices SYM-H, AE, solar wind parameters (velocity Vsw and density Np), and z-component Bz of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during solar cycles 23 and 24, we have statistically analyzed the correlations between geomagnetic activity (storms and substorms), Vsw, Np, Bz, and energy coupling functions of solar wind and Earth’s magnetosphere. For the selected 131 CME-driven storms, SYM-H stronger depends on Vsw and B than other parameters, whereas the selected 161 CIR-driven storms have nearly the same dependence on the solar wind electric field, the rate of open magnetic flux dφ/dt, and the reconnection electric field Ekl. Thus, the solar wind electric field and the dayside magnetic reconnection are likely to have different contributions for storms of the two types. During storms of different types, the substorm intensity AE relies mainly on the IMF Bz, rate of open magnetic flux and reconnection electric field.
Quiet solar corona: daily images at 8.8–10.7 cm wavelengths
Authors: Altyntsev Alexander , Globa Mariia , Meshalkina Nataliya
Published: June 2023

We discuss results of test observations of the 3–6 GHz range array of the Siberian Radio Heliograph (SRH). A method for calibrating brightness temperatures of images was verified using measurements of the brightness temperature of the quiet Sun at a minimum between solar activity cycles 20 and 21 known in the literature. The obtained time dependences of the integral solar flux at 2.8 GHz are similar to those measured at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO), but the absolute values of SRH fluxes are lower relative to the DRAO fluxes by 10–15 %. The spectral density of the solar microwave flux at a frequency of 2.8 GHz, the so-called F10.7 index, is one of the main solar activity indices used as input parameters in models of Earth’s ionosphere. The paper considers the relationship between total radio fluxes and changes in the structure of sources on the solar disk during an interval of 50 days. During the period of daily observations from September 1 to October 20, 2021, the number of active regions on the disk changed several times, and the integral flux density at 2.8 GHz changed up to 1.5 times. We determine the relative contributions to the integral flux of bremsstrahlung of near-limb brightenings and plage regions, as well as bremsstrahlung in magnetic fields of active regions. The measured brightness temperatures of SRH radio maps are compared to the model temperatures calculated from observations of extreme ultraviolet emission (EUV) with the AIA/SDO telescope. The results of the analysis can be used to organize regular measurements of the corrected solar activity proxy index F10.7 at SRH, in which the contribution of gyroresonance emission is excluded.
Análisis legal del uso de los robots en la medicina.
Authors: Galvín Gordillo Marina
Published: June 2023

En este trabajo vamos a tratar de explicar cuáles son los efectos y las consecuencias del uso de los robots en la medicina y sus aspectos legales, asimismo, analizaremos los avances en la tecnología y la inteligencia artificial y sus aplicaciones en el campo de la medicina y la salud, que ha supuesto el avance en la calidad de vida y está ayudando a curar enfermedades y dando diagnósticos que hasta hace poco eran impensables.
Frontiers: Estimating the Long-Term Impact of Major Events on Consumption Patterns: Evidence from COVID-19
Authors: Oblander Shin , McCarthy Daniel Minh
Published: June 2023

This study proposes a novel causal inference method and uses it estimate the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on purchasing behavior in 12 consumption categories.
Least Squares Monte Carlo and Pathwise Optimization for Merchant Energy Production
Authors: Yang Bo , Nadarajah Selvaprabu , Secomandi Nicola
Published: June 2023

Modeling as real options the operations of energy production companies that operate in wholesale markets gives rise to a challenging Markov decision process. In “Least Squares Monte Carlo and Pathwise Optimization for Merchant Energy Production,” Yang, Nadarajah, and Secomandi study the performance of two reinforcement learning techniques that can be used to determine feasible operating policies and optimality bounds for this model, namely least squares Monte Carlo and pathwise optimization, extending the applicability of the latter method beyond optimal stopping by using principal component analysis and block coordinate descent. They find that both approaches lead to near optimal policies, but pathwise optimization outperforms least squares Monte Carlo in terms of dual bounds at the expense of more sizable computational requirements. These findings have potential relevance for managers of energy production assets that use analytics to optimize their operations and researchers interested in broadening the scope of pathwise optimization.
Structural and semantic characteristics of terminological vocabulary in the artistic work and peculiarities of its translation (based on John Grisham’s novel «The Firm»)
Authors:   Poltava University of Economics and Trade, Ishchenko Valentyna , Horbunova Sofia ,   Poltava University of Economics and Trade, Stetsenko Volodymyr ,   Poltava University of Economics and Trade
Published: June 2023

The article substantiates the importance of the problem of adequate translation of English economic terms into the Ukrainian language, as they carry a serious semantic load in artistic works. The source of the factual material was John Grisham’s novel «The Firm». The purpose of the work is to show on the material of an artistic work how professional and terminological vocabulary is used as one of the means of artistic imagery and to conduct an analysis of the structural and semantic characteristics of the terminology and the peculiarities of its translation into the Ukrainian language. The total volume of the sample is 786 terms, of which 458 are English economic terminological combinations. As a result of the analysis, it was established that English economic terminological phrases are formed according to two- and three-component models, characterized by different degrees of usage in the language. The most productive model of the syntactic method of term formation is adjective + noun. It is noted that, in general, economic terms have the same ways of translation from English into Ukrainian as all other terms. The main problem of translation of English economic terminological combinations is their ambiguity not only among different branches of science, but also within the economic field itself. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the main techniques used in the translation of non-equivalent economic terminology from English to Ukrainian are calque or word-for-word translation and descriptive translation, transcription or transliteration is less often used.
Periphrases in publicistics of the latest period of V. Yavorivsky’s creativity
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Havaldzhy Lidia
Published: June 2023

The article clarifies the semantic-syntactic, functional-stylistic, cognitive-onomasiological, linguistic-cultural and communicative-pragmatic features of paraphrases in the literary journalism of V. Yavorivskyi of the latest period of creativity. The source of the research is four collections of journalistic works by V. Yavorvskyi «What kind of people are we?..». It has been proven that the writer primarily chooses his own names as the subject of figurative understanding of reality, among which the names of persons, geographical names. The most loaded with paraphrased names is the lexeme Ukraine. In the journalistic discourse of V. Yavorivskyi, periphrasis can be expressed by a word, phrase and, occasionally, a sentence. Periphrases are represented when they have an expressive colour or are used with a figurative meaning that strengthens the evaluative component of the nomen. The modelling of periphrastic names is determined by a number of pragmatic factors, the most important of which are the tendency of V. Yavorivskyi as an author of artistic journalism to metaphorically reproduce reality, the desire to express public opinion and his own attitude to the events being described.
Metaphor as a means of influencing the adressee (based on English advertising texts)
Authors:   Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University, Voskoboinyk Valentyna , Sukhachova Nataliia ,   Poltava University of Economics and Trade
Published: June 2023

The article considers the functions of metaphor as a stylistic device for influencing the addressee of English advertising texts. The object of the research is English advertising texts. An advertising text is a verbal imprint of speech and thought activity fixed in the form of a sign, which is united thematically, structurally and communicatively. An advertising text focuses on achieving commercial goals through direct communicative influence on the target audience. Metaphor is a powerful tool of influencing the addressee. Metaphors used in English advertising texts can be classified according to their meaning and functions. By meaning, the following lexico-semantic groups of metaphors have been identified: metaphors with the meaning of natural phenomena, names of precious metals, the beginning and end of activity, struggle, transport, organism, as well as "family", "building", "royal", "sensory", "magic" and abstract metaphors. According to their functions, metaphors have been divided into those that inspire trust of the consumers, promise something or force them to try it. In English advertising texts, metaphor is often used in combination with other stylistic devices: phonetic, lexical and syntactic ones. Metaphors can create a certain image of the product for the addressee.
Hot Electrons and the Need for Speed
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: June 2023

Quantum effects produce a controlled stream of light
Super Group
Authors: Pickering Chris
Published: June 2023

With the HIPERCAR, Ariel plans to rewrite the supercar rulebook. To do so, it is drawing on the talents of the UK supply chain
Fusion Project to Tackle Turbulence
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: June 2023

Researchers investigating ways to increase reactor output
Sculpting with Graphene Foam
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: June 2023

3D blocks created for use in batteries and sensors
Mini Gets Personal
Authors: Pickering Chris
Published: June 2023

British marque is using the latest manufacturing methods to bring true personalisation to the mainstream car market
How Local Manufacturing is Redefining Humanitarian Aid
Authors: James Eric
Published: June 2023

Advancements in technology and design mean that, now more than ever, supplies made in the field can make all the difference when it comes to disaster recovery and helping war and weather-torn areas. Field Ready's Eric James explains how