bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GRAMER ESERLERİNDE İNANÇ VE AHLÂK VURGUSU (BİRGİVÎ’NİN el-’AVÂMİL İSİMLİ ESERİ ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: KIRCI Recep
Published: October 2021

Birgivî (ö. 981/1573), hicri X. yüzyılda yaşayan, dil ve ahlâk alanında eserler kaleme alan Osmanlı âlimlerinden biridir. Birgivî’nin eserlerinden el-’Avâmil Osmanlı medreselerinde Arap dili grameri öğretiminde uzun yıllar okutulmuş ve hala da ülkemizde medrese usulü Arapça eğitimi veren kurumlarda okutulmaya devam etmektedir. Birgivî’den önce de aynı isimle eserlerin kaleme alındığı bilinmektedir. Klasik dönemde telif edilen bu eserler, belli bir zaman sonra ‘Avâmil türü eserler olarak anılmıştır. Bu tür eserlerin önemli özelliklerinden biri, nahiv (syntax) konusunda muhtasar/özet eserler olmaları, bir diğer özellikleri de Arapça’ya yeni başlayanlar için nahiv kurallarının öğretilmesinde kolaylık sağlamalarıdır. Birgivî’nin el-‘Avâmil isimli eseri de yukarıda sayılan aynı özelliklere sahip olmakla beraber, her bir kural için verdiği örneklerle diğer ‘Avâmil türü eserlerden farklılığını ortaya koymuştur. Şöyle ki eserdeki tüm örnekler diğer eserlerdeki örneklerden farklı olarak; İslâm inancı, amel/dinî pratik, İslam dininin ön gördüğü ahlâk kuralları, ahiret ve benzeri konulara dairdir. Eserin sahip olduğu bu özellik bizim açımızdan incelenmesini önemli hale getirmektedir. Çalışmanın konusu Birgivî’nin el-’Avâmil isimli eserinin ahlâk öğretilerine teşvik açısından incelenmesidir. Amacı dil eserlerinin, gramerin yanı sıra ahlâk alanına yaptığı vurguyu ortaya koyarak alana mütevazı bir katkı sunmaktır. Birgivî (d. 981/1573) is one of the Ottoman scholars who lived in the 10th century of the Hegira and wrote works in the field of language and ethics. al-'Avâmil, one of Birgivî's works, was taught in the teaching of Arabic language grammar in Ottoman madrasahs for many years and still continues to be taught in institutions that provide Arabic education in madrasah style in our country. It is known that works with the same name were written before Birgivî. These works, which were copyrighted in the classical period, were called 'Avâmil works' after a certain time. One of the important features of such works is that they are concise/summary works on nahiv (syntax), and another feature is that they provide convenience in teaching nahiv rules for beginners to Arabic. Although Birgivî's work al-'Avâmil has the same features listed above, it has revealed its difference from other 'Avâmil' type works with the examples given for each rule. Namely, all the examples in the work are different from the examples in other works; It is about Islamic belief, deed/religious practice, moral rules prescribed by the religion of Islam, the Hereafter and similar issues. This feature of the work makes it important for us to examine it. The subject of the study is the examination of Birgivî's al-'Avamil in terms of encouragement to moral teachings. Its aim is to make a modest contribution to the field by revealing the emphasis of language works on morality as well as grammar.
Implementasi Program Operasi Semut untuk Menanamkan Sikap Cinta Lingkungan Terhadap Peserta Didik
Authors: Mubyarti Diar Luvita , Timan Agus , Zulkarnain Wildan
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the ant operation program to instill an attitude of love for the environment towards students. This study used a qualitative approach with a multi-site study design. The results of the research are the implementation of the school program through the activities of the ant operation to instill character in students about loving the school environment. Constraints faced are regarding awareness and responsibility of some students, especially low classes, namely classes 1 to 3 concerning environmental cleanliness. However, schools are expected to provide guidance to students whose awareness and responsibility are still low so that the objectives of the ant operation are achieved to the fullest.

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan implementasi program operasi semut untuk menanamkan sikap cinta lingkungan terhadap peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan penelitian studi multi situs. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu implementasi program sekolah melalui kegiatan operasi semut untuk menanamkan karakter kepada peserta didik mengenai mencintai lingkungan sekolah. Kendala yang dihadapi yaitu kesadaran dan tanggung jawab dari beberapa peserta didik khususnya kelas rendah yaitu kelas 1 sampai dengan kelas 3 mengenai kebersihan lingkungan. Namun, sekolah diharapkan untuk melakukan pembinaan terhadap peserta didik yang kesadaran dan tanggung jawabnya masih rendah agar tujuan dari kegiatan operasi semut tercapai secara maksimal.
Hubungan antara Self Esteem dan Self Regulation dengan Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) Siswa SMA
Authors: Sintiawan Naya , Setiyowati Arbin Janu , Zen Ella Faridati
Published: October 2021

Abstract: This study aims to determine the relationship between self esteem and self regulation with fear of missing out. The research design used is descriptive correlational. The research sample amounted to 154 students obtained through purposive sampling technique. The instruments used are self esteem scale, self regulation scale and fear of missing out scale which have been tested for validity and reliability. The analysis technique used is Pearson Product Moment correlation and multiple correlation. The results showed that there was no relationship between self esteem and self regulation with fear of missing out students of SMA Negeri 7 Malang.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara self esteem dan self regulation dengan fear of missing out. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif korelasional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 154 siswa yang diperoleh melalui teknik pengambilan sampel sampling purposive. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah skala self esteem, skala self regulation dan skala fear of missing out yang telah teruji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Teknik analisis yang digunakan korelasi Pearson Product Moment dan korelasi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara self esteem dan self regulation dengan fear of missing out siswa SMA Negeri 7 Malang.
Hubungan Kepemimpinan Visioner Kepala Sekolah dan Kinerja Guru dengan Keefektifan Sekolah Dasar Negeri
Authors: Amalia Faizah Nur , Maisyaroh Maisyaroh , Sumarsono R. Bambang
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The aim of this study is to describe visionary leadership, teacher’s performance, school effectiveness, visionary principals' leadership relationships and school effectiveness, relationship between teacher’s performance and school effectiveness, and the principal's visionary leadership relationship and teacher’s performance with school effectiveness. This study uses a quantitative approach, with a correlation research design. Sampling uses proportional sampling and area (cluster) sampling techniques with the acquisition of 86 teachers as respondents. The technique of collecting data uses a closed questionnaire. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis, and hypothesis testing using Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis and multiple correlation. The results obtained by the principal's visionary leadership, teacher’s performance, and school effectiveness in the medium category, there is a relationship between visionary leadership and school effectiveness, there is a relationship between teacher performance and school effectiveness, there is a relationship between visionary leadership and teacher performance with school effectiveness at SDN Lawang, Malang.

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kepemimpinan visioner, kinerja guru, tingkat keefektifan sekolah, hubungan kepemimpinan visioner kepala sekolah dan keefektifan sekolah, hubungan kinerja guru dan keefektifan sekolah, serta hubungan kepemimpinan visioner kepala sekolah dan kinerja guru dengan keefektifan sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan rancangan penelitian korelasi. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik proporsional sampling dan teknik area (cluster) sampling dengan perolehan 86 guru sebagai responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket tertutup. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif, dan uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis korelasi Pearson Product Moment dan korelasi berganda. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kepemimpinan visioner kepala sekolah, kinerja guru, dan keefektifan sekolah dalam kategori sedang, terdapat hubungan antara kepemimpinan visioner dan keefektifan sekolah, terdapat hubungan antara kinerja guru dan keefektifan sekolah, terdapat hubungan antara kepemimpinan visioner dan kinerja guru dengan keefektifan sekolah di SDN Kecamatan Lawang, Kabupaten Malang.
Artificial Intelligence in 5G Technology: Overview of System Models
Authors:   Lecturer,  Department of Business Administration, First Capital University of Bangladesh, Alamdanga Road, Chuadanga-7200, BANGLADESH, Rahman Md. Mostafijur , Manavalan Mani ,   Sr. Architect, Capgemini America, Inc., United States, Neogy Taposh Kumar ,   Ph.D., Department of Accounting and Information Systems (AIS), University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi – 6205, BANGLADESH
Published: October 2021

The occurrence of various devices that are interlinked to provide advanced connectivity throughout the systems revolves around the formation of 5G systems. Artificial Intelligence plays a fundamental role in the 5G networks. The popularity and integration of 5G have emerged through advanced cellular networks and many other technologies. This innovative and speedy network has built strong connections in recent years, its conduct in business, personal work, or daily life. Artificial Intelligence and edge computing devices have optimized internet usages in everyday life. The growth of 5G networks is effective in the AI/ML algorithms due to its low latency and high bandwidth, which also performs real-time analysis, reasoning, and optimization. The 5G era has fundamental features that are highlighted among the revolutionary techniques which are most commonly used by cellular device networks, such as the resource management of radio, mobility management, and service management, and so on. This work also integrates the selection of spectrum and access the spectrum which AI-based interface to accomplish demands of 5G. The strategies which are introduced are Fractional Knapsack Greedy-based strategy and Language Hyperplane approach which becomes the basis of subsequently utilized by strategies of Artificial Intelligence for purpose of the selection of spectrum and the right allocation of spectrum for IoT-enabled sensor networks.
Political participation of the opposition in Colombia after the 2016 Peace Agreement
Authors: Ángel-Osorio Julialba , Nieto-Gómez Libia Esperanza , Giraldo-Díaz Reinaldo
Published: October 2021

One of the expectations generated by the Peace Agreement signed in November 2016 between the Colombian Government and the FARC-EP guerrillas was to create the conditions of democratic openness that would allow the conditions for political participation of the opposition. As a working hypothesis it is considered that the Colombian political regime has not provided enough guarantees for the participation and exercise of democracy and that the current government has allowed the conditions of political, social, and armed conflict to be sharpened. The method of analysis adopted is interpretative and inductive, with a focus on the political participation of the opposition in the broad sense. The information obtained was critically analyzed considering the guarantees for the exercise of the opposition, freedom of expression and association and social movements. It was found that social organizations and movements have not achieved significant participation as an opposition and that there is a greater commitment of the now FARC political party to what was agreed in 2016. It is concluded that the Peace Agreement failed to provide enough guarantees for the political participation of the opposition and the exercise of democracy.
Management of trans-vaginal extrusion of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter: a systematic literature review from 1973 to 2021
Authors: Ghritlaharey Rajendra K.
Published: October 2021

Trans-vaginal extrusion of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) catheter is a rare complication of VPS insertion done for the treatment of hydrocephalus. The primary purpose was to review the demographics. The secondary objectives were to review the clinical presentation, operative intervention executed, and outcome of the cases published on trans-vaginal extrusion of the distal VPS catheter. The literature and case reports were retrieved from 1973 to September 30, 2021. This literature review included (n=19) cases of the above-mentioned VPS complication. The mean age of 15 children at the time of diagnosis of the complication was 18.13 months and ranged from 2 to 72 months. For the entire case, the interval from the initial VPS insertion/VPS revision to the clinical diagnosis of complication ranged from 1 to 36 months, with a mean of 8.16 months. In three-fourth of the cases, it was detected within 6-months of the VPS implantation. Extrusion of the distal VPS catheter through the vagina was the chief complaint. Surgical procedures were performed in the following order of frequency (A) removal of the entire VPS catheter (n=14), and (B) removal of the distal/peritoneal VPS catheter (n=3). During the postoperative period, one of the children died. Extrusion of the distal VPS catheter through the vaginal orifice is a rare complication of VPS insertion. It occurred across all the age groups but was more common during early childhood. Three-fourth of them were treated by removal of the entire VPS catheter. For VPS revision, delayed re-VPS insertion was the preferred option.
A review on awareness of first aid among students
Authors: Konwar Gitumoni , Gogoi Nirmali , Goswami Anusuya , Konjengbam Bidyashori
Published: October 2021

Knowledge of first aid, which constitutes life-saving treatments for injuries or unexpected illnesses, is important for every individual at every age. First aid and basic life support are so important that teaching basic first aid should be compulsory in all schools. According to world health organization (WHO), injuries related to traffic accidents were ninth among the first 10 causes of global disease burden in 1990. They are expected to be ranked in third place after ischemic cardiac disease and unipolar major depression in 2020. Basic first aid training prepares students to react to situations and provide immediate, efficient management for a wide variety of incidents. Providing of knowledge and training about correct management of injuries and illnesses to students is important to improve their health knowledge which in turn may lead to healthy and save life. It is necessary to strengthen school health services through full participation of teachers and educators, providing them training sessions and update them by regularly interacting with them. Literature demonstrates that the widespread dissemination of first aid may have benefits for injury prevention in terms of reducing traffic crashes, lowering rates of workplace incidents, and increasing safety awareness. The present study revealed a perceived need for knowledge regarding first aid among school students and thus advocates that first-aid education should be made compulsory in school syllabus. It is reasonable to conclude that the ultimate goal of the first aid is neither to treat, nor to diagnose, but to stabilize the patient.
A study to find the effect of stress on gender and their demographic variables among nursing students
Authors: Mir Javaid Ahmad , Mushtaq Bushra , Mushtaq Onaisa Aalia
Published: October 2021

The study was conducted with the aim to assess the association of stress among nursing students and their demographic variables.Stress arises when there is increasing demand from external factors and is commonly found in nursing students due to number of factors like; academic stress, new environmental stress etc.

Quantitative research approach with Quasi Experimental, Non-randomized control group design [Pre-test –Post-test Control group design] was used Total enumerate sampling technique was used to collect data from the 40 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were assigned to control group (n=20) and experimental group (n=20).

Findings of the present study revealed that there was statistically significant association of level of stress score in the control and the experimental group with the age, total monthly income of the family, and residence of the study subjects with (p=0.008),(p=0.027), and (p=0.000) respectively, while as no association was found between pre-interventional level of stress scores in the control and the experimental group with other demographic variables like gender (p=0.113), and type of family (p=0.429) at 0.05 level of significance.

The results revealed that there was significant association between the age, total monthly income of family and residence of study subjects with pre-interventional level of stress scores of control and experimental group. Whereas no significant association was found between demographic variables i.e. gender and type of family with pre-interventional level of stress scores of control and experimental group.
A New-Type Semi-Rigid Base Layer Structure for Long Service Life Pavement
Authors: Tian Bowen , Zheng Chuanfeng , Luo Haisong , Xun Junpeng
Published: October 2021

Targeting at the problem of pavement cracking under long-term load, this study developed a new-type semi-rigid base layer structure based on the CGC (cement stabilized macadam - graded broken stone - cement stabilized macadam) combinations, and used ANSYS to simulate this proposed structure under conditions of different modulus combinations, deflection under different thickness, different vertical strain values on the top surface of roadbed, and different transverse tensile stress values of bottom base layer. The simulation results indicate that, the various mechanical properties of the proposed new structure can well meet the specifications, and the time of crack generation has been slowed down; the use of graded broken stone in the proposed structure has achieved both the purposes of saving construction cost and reducing construction difficulty. By reasonably controlling the CGC structure and modulus, this study has successfully suppressed the generation of reflection cracks, which can provide good theoretical evidence for prolonging the service life of semi-rigid base layer pavement.
Spatial Trend Analysis of Temperature and Rainfall and Their Perceived Impacts on Ecosystem Services in Mau Forest, Kenya
Authors: Jebiwott Alice , Ogendi George Morara , Agbeja Busuyi Olasina , Alo Abiodun Akintunde , Maina Geoffry Mukonambi
Published: October 2021

The Mau Forest Complex is an important ecosystem in Kenya providing many ecosystem services to the local communities. However, its degradation has rendered its ability to deliver its ecosystem services such as climate regulation ineffective. This study's objective was to assess the local climate trend in terms of rainfall and temperature and their perceived impacts on ecosystem services in Mau Forest, from 1984 to 2020. We obtained gridded meteorological data for the study area from the Kenya Meteorological Department and analyzed it using Mann Kendell’s test to identify significant trends in temperature and rainfall. Focus Group Discussions were also carried out to establish the people's perceptions of local climate change and its impacts on ecosystem services. The results of the study indicate no significant trend, p>0.05, in annual rainfall over time. On the other hand, the results show a significant trend, p=3.696e-06, in average annual temperature with approximately 2℃ increase from 1984 to 2020. The local climate change has seen a decline in ecosystem services, mainly water levels and agricultural produce. To cope with and mitigate the effects of climate change, there is need to emphasize establishment of agroforestry woodlots and practice of climate-smart agriculture among the forest adjacent communities.
Fishermen Adaptation to Climate Change in Mertasinga Village, Gunungjati Sub-District, Cirebon Regency
Authors: Sanjoto Tjaturahono Budi , Sari Hana Anggita , Hardati Puji
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the adaptation carried out by the fishermen of Mertasinga Village in facing climate change. The population of the study was 2,025 fishermen in Mertasinga Village, and a sample of 102 fishermen was taken using a proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using the interactive analysis model from Miles and Huberman. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that climate change has an impact on fishing activities that require fishermen to adapt. In fact, they have adapted to climate change even though the used technology is still quite minimal; fishermen have not developed a ship, have not used weather information and maps of fish catchment areas from the BMKG, and have not used fish tracking devices. Carrying out continuous socialization, strengthening social capital and organizational capacity, and holding various trainings concerning on alternative livelihood are greatly essential to do.
Stage of Potential Identification Irrigation Channel Topography Analysis for Micro-Hydro Power in the Kalibawang Irrigation Primary Channel, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Alatas Masrur , Budiastuti Maria Theresia Sri , Gunawan Totok , Setyono Prabang
Published: October 2021

This study was designed to determine the stages in the identification of micro-hydro in irrigation channels based on the classification and level of data requirements in a project, starting from the initial study, feasibility study and detailed engineering design. The study was conducted with site selection criteria using four information systems and technology tools, namely Google Earth, GIS Topography, UAV Drone Phantom DJI 4, and Nikkon DTM 332 Total Station. The results shows through GE and GIS, obtained 23 potential points, 7 of which are high potential, followed by field measurements with 1 selected UAV location Cascade, and detailed with TS to produce Head (H) 12 m, with CM and FDC probability 75% discharge (Q) 5.5 m3/s, generated power (P) 550 kW. This study provides a method and solution for speed in identifying potential with Google Earth and GIS (Macro Class), speed and risk reduction for surveyors with UAVs (Mezo Class), and accuracy and detailing at selected locations with Total Station (Micro Class). So that this research provides accuracy in the stages, methods and tools used in the identification of micro-hydro potential in irrigation channels.
Organizational Politics and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Interaction and Analysis
Authors: Albloush Ahmad , Al-Zu'bi Hasan , Abuhussien Alhareth , Almuala Imad , Al-Utaibi Ghassan , Taha Sadi , Ahmad Azlinzuraini
Published: October 2021

Perceptions of organizational politics are an essential aspect of organizational life for its members because they impact different practices, which eventually affect employee efficiency. This article is explored the relationship between Organizational Politics (OP) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (organizational citizenship behavior for organization (OCB-O) and organizational citizenship behavior for individuals (OCB-I). Survey data is gathered from 200 employees work in Jordanian public sector. Partial least square (PLS-SEM) is employed to test the research hypotheses. Outcomes uncovered that OP has a negative relationship with OCB-O and OCB-I. Accordingly, the current study recommends that governments abolish or restrict OP activities in their organizations as much as possible. Besides, the findings show that OP activities harmed public-sector employee behavior. The study's limitations and recommendations for future studies are also considered.
Informe de sostenibilidad 2020
Authors:   Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
Published: October 2021

Por tercer año consecutivo, les presentamos nuestro Informe de sostenibilidad, documento institucional que abarca las principales acciones desempeñadas en la vigencia 2020, en la relevancia y el compromiso de nuestra alma mater con la sostenibilidad, que han llevado a la in- clusión de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en las estrategias y agendas de nuestra institución, así como las funciones sustantivas en docencia, investigación y extensión y el fomento de las buenas prácticas y la excelencia, tanto por ser una institución de educación superior, como por ser una del sector público, con la preparación de las metas asociadas a los ODS propuestas en la Agenda 2030, la cual constituye una plataforma de acciones concretas para mejorar la calidad de vida de la población, por lo que nos articulamos de manera directa con soluciones de desarrollo sostenible, en un proceso que requiere el cambio en el que la explotación de los recursos, la dirección de las inversiones, la orientación del desarrollo tecnológico, la innovación tecnológica en productos de desarrollo sostenible y el cambio institucional permitan armonizar y mejorar el potencial actual y futuro al satisfacer las necesidades, las aspiraciones de bienestar y la calidad para la sociedad local y nacional, así como sumar en el ámbito mundial.
Accuracy of Working Length Determination of Curved Canal Using Digital and Film-Based Radiography
Authors: Bahreinian Zahra , Zamani Naser Asieh , Khorrami Ladan , Maghsoudi Nahid
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Digital and film-based radiography are the most common methods of working length determination. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of working length determination of curved canals using digital and film-based radiography.
Materials & Methods: This experimental and interventional study, included forty teeth with curved canals conducted at the Dentistry Faculty of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, in 2018. After access cavity preparation, the direct observation method of the apical tip of the file in the root apex determined the actual working length. Teeth were mounted in acrylic blocks. Canal curvature was calculated based on Schneider’s method using software of indirect digital radiography. Images gathered by E-speed film and digital sensors. A pre-curved file was used to measure the working length of film-based images. In digital radiography, a digital caliper was used to measure the working length with three and six clicks. Data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis, paired t-test, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. The Level of significance was set at 0.001.
Results: All groups overestimated the actual length although there weren’t any significant differences (p value > 0.05). Paired t-test didn’t show any significant differences between digital and film-based groups (p value > 0.05).
Conclusion: Considering several advantages of digital radiography over the film-based method, it is the preferred method for working length determination of curved canals.
Prevalence of Malocclusions in Autistic Patients in Isfahan
Authors: Mehtari Zahra Ali , Rafiei Mehdi , Azarbayjani Saeed , Ahmadi Rouzbehani Neda , Moeini Amir Hossain
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by impairments in social interaction and communication with repetitive and restrictive stereotyped behavioral patterns. The Prevalence of autism has been reported to be increased in recent years. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of different types of malocclusion among ASD patients in Isfahan in 2018.
Materials & Methods: In a descriptive and cross-sectional trial, 92 ASD patients were studied in the age range of 7-18 years at the center for autism patients in Isfahan. Clinical oral examinations of patients are taken to assess the involved malocclusions (Cl I, Cl II and Cl III malocclusions) and malocclusion traits (deep bite, open bite and cross bite) by an educated dental student under the supervision of an orthodontist under natural light. The data are reported using frequency and percentage indices.
Results: Class I malocclusion had the highest prevalence 54.3% (50) among ASD patients and the prevalence of class II and class III were found to be 19.6% (18) and 7.6% (7) respectively. The frequency of malocclusions traits of deep bite, cross bite and the open bite were 27.2% (25), 18.5% (17) and 7.6% (7) respectively. Among of the total patients, 65.2% (60) showed normal bite and 18/5% (17) showed Normal occlusion.
Conclusion: ASD patients showed class I, class II and class III malocclusions from the most to least frequency and the most frequent malocclusion traits were also deep bite, cross bite and open bite respectively.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Iranian Cardiac Surgery Patients Using the 4Ts Clinical Scoring System and Laboratory Methods
Authors: Ahmadinejad Minoo , Shahbazi Massoumeh , Chegini Azita
Published: October 2021

Background: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious adverse drug reaction. HIT diagnosis needs an algorithmic approach including clinical evaluation and laboratory tests (screening and confirmatory). Few studies have been conducted on HIT in Iran, and most existing research has been general and based on clinical evaluations alone. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HIT among cardiac surgery patients using an algorithmic approach.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of 10 months, at Modares Hospital (Tehran, Iran) on 92 patients who were candidates for cardiac surgery. For the clinical evaluation, the 4Ts scoring system was used; in cases with 4Ts scores ≥4, a laboratory evaluation of anti-PF4/heparin antibody (Ab) was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a HIPA test too as a functional confirmatory method. The patients with 4Ts scores ≥4 who were ELISA positive (OD ≥0.2) and HIPA positive were taken as a definite case of HIT.
Results: Of the 92 patients who had undergone cardiac surgery, 14 (15%) had 4Ts scores ≥4. Anti- PF4/heparin Ab was detected in eight patients using the ELISA and in six patients using the HIPA. Ultimately, definite HIT was confirmed in five of the patients.
Conclusion: The prevalence of HIT was 5.4% among the cardiac surgery patients assessed in the present study. To the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first time that HIT has been evaluated in Iran using a comprehensive algorithmic approach including clinical history-taking and both immunological and functional laboratory tests, and the findings showed a slightly higher HIT frequency in this single-center study in comparison with the other studies carried out in other countries.
Systemic and Craniospinal Rosai Dorfman Disease with Intraparenchymal, Intramedullary and Leptomeningeal Disease
Authors: MD Yi Li , Sloan Emily , Bollen Andrew , Solomon David , Theodosopoulos Philip , Cha Soonmee
Published: October 2021

Rosai Dorfman disease is a rare histiocytic disorder of over-production of non-Langerhans histiocytes, which typically manifests with massive lymphadenopathy and sinonasal involvement.  We report a rare case of systemic and disseminated craniospinal Rosai-Dorfman disease with intraparenchymal and leptomeningeal involvement, but no sinus or dural-based disease.  The diagnosis was established by biopsy of a hypothalamic mass.  Additionally, UCSF500 Next Generation Sequencing demonstrated a solitary pathogenic alteration affecting the BRAF oncogene, which supports the morphologic and immunohistochemical diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease.
MiRNA-21 Regulates Bronchial Epithelial Cell Proliferation by Activating Tgfβ1/Smad Signaling Pathway and Its Correlation with Asthma Severity in Children
Authors: Kang Yang , Bai Minghui , Deng Liling , Fan Linbo , Wang Xing
Published: October 2021

Background: This research was designed to probe into the role of miRNA-21 in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma and its correlation with the severity.
Methods: Fifty-four children with bronchial asthma admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University from Jun 2018 to Dec 2019 were included. Forty nine healthy children underwent physical examination at this time period were also enrolled. The miR-21 expression in peripheral blood serum was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The relationship between the expression and severity of asthma in children was explored by Spearman correlation analysis and ROC curve. Bronchial epithelial cell lines were cultured in vitro and divided into blank control group, negative control group and miR-21 inhibition and activation group. The changes of cell proliferation after treatment were detected by CCK-8 test in different groups. The expression of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway protein in cells was assessed by Western blot (WB).
Results: Compared with that of healthy children, the miR-21 expression in peripheral blood serum of asthmatic children was higher (P<0.001). MiR-21 expression was positively correlated with the severity of illness (r=0.853, P<0.001). The results of cell experiments in vitro signified that miR-21 can promote the proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells, and may be involved in regulating the expression of TGF-β1/ Smad3 signaling pathway, thus affecting cell proliferation.
Conclusion: miRNA-21 regulates the proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells by activating TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathway. And it is positively correlated with the severity of asthma in children.
Differences in Self-Rated Health and Physical Activity due to Education Level among Koreans: Understanding Implications of Physical Education
Authors: Byung-Kweon
Published: October 2021

Background: We aimed to explore the effect of education levels on self-rated health and physical activity (PA) and to provide basic data for developing interventions based on physical education to improve the quality of life among Koreans.
Methods: The 2019 Community Health Survey data were selected through primary and secondary phylogenetic extraction. The survey was conducted among Korean adults aged ≥19 years (n=229,099), in 2019, using an electronic questionnaire. The education levels were classified into eight groups: uneducated, Seodang/Hanhak (traditional Korean school), elementary school, middle school, high school, college (2 or 3 years), university (4 years), and post-graduate or higher. In this study, the effect of participants’ education levels on self-rated health levels and PA was investigated (the PA subdimensions were: the number of days of vigorous PA, moderate-intensity PA, walking, and flexibility exercises).
Results: 1) Regarding self-rated health, significant differences according to education level were recorded (P<0.001), with higher education levels leading to higher averages. 2) Regarding PA, significant differences according to education level were revealed, and the number of days of vigorous PA, walking, and flexibility exercise (P<0.001) increased with higher education levels. Moreover, the university (4 years) group reported the highest average. However, the middle school group reported the highest average for the number of days of moderate-intensity PA (P<0.001), and the average number of days decreased as the education level increased after middle school.
Conclusion: Education plays an important role in maintaining health, and practicing appropriate PA contributes to one’s quality of life.
Effects of Physical Exercise Motives on Physical Health and Aerobic Fitness of Teenagers
Authors: Wang Jing
Published: October 2021

Background: A good level of physical fitness helps teenagers maintain a good state in daily study and life and enables them to cope well with emergencies. We aimed to explore the influences of physical exercise motives on the physical health and aerobic fitness of teenagers.
Methods: A total of 982 teenagers aged between 13 and 16 years in the four districts of Guangzhou City, China from January to December 2019 were selected randomly with the assistance of communities. Their physical exercise motives and exercise behaviors were investigated using a questionnaire survey, and their physical health indexes and aerobic fitness were assessed. The relationships of physical exercise motives and behaviors with physical health and aerobic fitness were analyzed.
Results: Teenagers who have higher physical health scores show significantly increasing trends in their scores in exercise motives and different dimensions, exercise behaviors, and aerobic fitness scores (P<0.05). Physical exercise motives show significant correlations with exercise behaviors, physical health, and aerobic fitness. Moreover, exercise behaviors show significantly positive correlations with physical health and aerobic fitness (P<0.05). Physical exercise motives have a positive effect on exercise behaviors, physical health, and aerobic activities, and exercise behaviors have a positive effect on physical health and aerobic activities (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The physical exercise motives of teenagers have positive and prediction effects on exercise behaviors, physical health, and aerobic fitness. Exciting physical exercise motives can promote the physical exercise behaviors of teenagers and improve their physical health and aerobic fitness.
Genetic Investigation of 261 Cases of Turner Syndrome Patients Referred to the Genetic Clinic
Authors: Farhud Dariush , Asgarian Rojiar , Seifalian Amelia , Mostafaeinejad Paria , Eslami Maryam
Published: October 2021

Background: Turner syndrome (TS), also known as 45,X, is a genetic disorder caused by the partial or complete lack of an X chromosome. TS can cause a variety of medical and developmental conditions. We aimed to investigate TS mosaicism and variants pattern and research the presence of a correlation between the different variant’s factors and TS occurrence.
Methods: From 1984-2018, 100,234 patients referred to the Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran, for karyotyping were studied. TS was determined by the chromosomal assay, and the patients’ karyotype was obtained from amniotic fluid and blood samples. Different variants of the TS diagnosed patients were investigated, including maternal and paternal age at pregnancy, parental consanguinity, and the presence/absence of a family history of the disease.
Results: Overall, 261/100,234 (0.26%) were diagnosed with TS. These, 150 cases were identified to have the classical 45,X karyotype and 111 cases were identified to have either TS mosaicism or other less common variations of TS karyotyping. Higher parental age at pregnancy and TS data suggested that the occurrence of TS is significantly higher.
Conclusion: Data suggest parental age at pregnancy is an important factor for TS occurrence. Hence, prenatal screening in these groups of parents recommended. This study also implicates early medical diagnostic testing before the onset of puberty or as soon as symptoms arise is essential for early treatment.
Obstetrics–Gynecology Educational Achievements in Iran (1979-2017): Trends, Consequences and Future Implications
Authors: Tabatabai Shima , Simforoosh Nasser , Azimi Khatibani Seyed Esmaeil
Published: October 2021

Background: To study the current trends in Obstetrics–Gynecology (Ob-Gyn) education and workforce in Iran since 1979 and to discuss the consequences and implications.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted to describe the Ob-Gyn residency and fellowship growth and workforce profile in Iran (1979-2017).The first-hand data gathered from MOHME and Iran’s Medical Council. The Obstetrician-Gynecologist (Ob-Gyns) per 100000 populations’ ratio and the percentage changes calculated and the trends analyzed.
Results: Between 1979 and 2017, the proportion of trained Ob-Gyns at national universities increased by 86.27%, the number of certified Ob-Gyns increased by 333% and, female Ob-Gyns increased by 1142%.The ratio of active gynecologists per 100,000 people was 5.0 in 1979 and 8.05 in 2017, represents an increase of 70%. Since 1979 the number of active gynecologists has increased by 278 and the number of active female gynecologists has increased by 996%. Since 1990 the maternal mortality per 100,000 live births decreased by 79.9% in Iran. However, since 1980 the Cesarean proportion increased by 203% in Iran.
Conclusion: Ob-Gyn education has undergone remarkable growth. Ongoing research should focus on Ob-Gyn’s geographic distribution, and potential implications of female Ob-Gyns practice pattern and technologies on women’s health.
Assessing the Impact of Outdoor Activities on Mental Wellbe-ing; Focusing on the Walking Path in Urban Area
Authors: Heidarzadeh Ehsan , Rezaei Mehdi , Haghi Mohammad Reza , Shabanian Hassan , Lee Youngsub
Published: October 2021

Background: Provided that COVID-19 pandemic has led to mental wellbeing disorders for city dwellers, and given that there is a significant association between outdoor activities and mental health, this paper investigated how the frequency of walking during the pandemic contributes to the immediate and subsequent ‘mood’.
Methods: A longitudinal data collection method was adopted to verify the ‘mood’ of the participants before and after walking. The survey was conducted with 100 participants in a walking path in Shiraz, Iran, on Jan 2021. The quantitative analysis methods were performed in SPSS to examine the mental wellbeing outcomes of walking in the outdoor walking path when considering the psychological impacts of the pandemic and the quantity. 
Results: The result affirms the positive contribution of walking in the improvement of mental-wellbeing-mood during the pandemic; though, such a mood boost is in a direct relationship with the quantity of the activity within a week. Moreover, other factors can play a significant role, including the ‘mood before walking’, and the age of the participants.
Conclusion: It is likely that encouraging people to consider walking as their routine activity can lead to several positive consequences on mental wellbeing since walking as a basic outdoor activity during the pandemic can contribute on the mood.
The Effects of Physical Fitness and Obesity Levels on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome among Middle-Aged Korean Men and Women
Authors: Kim Dong-il
Published: October 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
The Relationship between Work Ability Index (WAI), Mental Workload and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) of Firefighters in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Saremi Mahnaz , Madvari Rohollah Fallah , Khoshakhlagh Amirhossein , Laal Fereydoon
Published: October 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Level of Pyrethroid-resistance Associated with Cytochrome P450 Expression in German Cockroach Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) in the Field Collected Strains
Authors: Ghaderi Azimeh , Baniardalani Mozghan , Basseri Hamid Reza
Published: October 2021

Background: Cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases are a very important metabolic system involve in insecti­cide resistance. This study was conducted to find the association between the expression level of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and permethrin-resistance level among four strains of the German cockroach Blattella germanica (L) (Blat­todea: Ectobiidae).
Methods: Three field strains of German cockroach with different frequency of exposure to pesticides, and a laboratory susceptible strain were used in the present study. Insecticide susceptibility bioassays were carried out to detect re­sistance to permethrin. The concentration of CYP450 in each strain was determined using ion-exchange HPLC chroma­tography. Biochemical assays was performed to analyse CYP450 activities.
Results: The resistance ratios (RR) to permethrin among three field strains were 3.29, 4.10 and 6.17-fold comping with the susceptible stain. The CYP450 activity of three field strains was 1.6, 2.4 and 2.7 times higher than in the sus­ceptible stain. The amount of CYP450 per mg of protein was significantly different between the susceptible and the three re­sistant strains. The resistant cockroaches showed a relatively high expression of CYP450 enzymes. A strong corre­la­tion was found between permethrin resistance level and total concentration of CYP450 enzymes.
Conclusion: The results of current study show that more frequent usage of a pyrethroid insecticide cause the metabolic insecticide resistance to rise in German cockroach. Therefore, there is a ratio correlation between resistance level and monooxygenases activities in insect. Thus, the control program must be managed according to history of pesticide us­age.
Species Variety of the Calf and Human-Attracted Mosquitoes in Southwest Iran
Authors: Faraji-Fard Parvaneh , Ahmadi-Angali Kambiz , Behbahani Abdolamir
Published: October 2021

Background: Any mosquito control methods requires precise information about population dynamics, variety, biology and mosquito habitat. This research assessed Culicid mosquitoes' attraction to a human host and a calf to better understand their behavior.
Methods: Adult mosquitoes were sampled in 22 weeks in southwestern Iran's Nur Ali Village from May to October 2015. The mosquitoes were drawn to the person and calf as bait, while the unbaited trap was also used. A substantial statistical difference between attracted mosquitoes to the hosts was determined in the T-test.
Results: Within 22 weeks, 29821 mosquitoes were captured. Only 9% were collected from the human baited net trap, 89.1% from the calf baited net trap, and 1.9% from the unbaited net trap. The number of collected female mosquitoes was statistically significantly higher using the calf baited net trap of the total mosquitoes, 916 were randomly identified at the species level by local identification keys. Of these, 63 were Anopheles stephensi (human: 16%, calf: 75% and unbaited: 9%), 83 An. pulcherrimus (human: 27%, calf: 60% and unbaited: 13%), 118 Aedes caspius (human: 24%, calf: 69% and unbaited: 7%), 493 Culex tritaeniorhynchus (human: 52%, calf: 37% and unbaited: 11%), 153 Cx. quin­quefasciatus (human: 44%, calf: 47% and unbaited: 9%), and 6 Cx. theileri (human: 33%, calf: 50% and unbaited: 17%).
Conclusion: The obtained results here provide useful insights into the mosquito population and the possibil­ity of using this information as an essential part of integrated vector management regarding the reemergence of malaria or other mosquito-borne.