bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF INTRADIALYTIC EXERCISES ON CLINICAL OUTCOME AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: T. R Ambili , K Nair Bindu
Published: May 2021

Background- Although it is widely accepted that exercise is beneficial in patients with end-stage renal disease as in the
general population, it is not easy to incorporate exercise programs into routine clinical practice. objectives: To
determine the effect of intradialytic exercises on clinical outcome among patients undergoing maintenance
hemodialysis and to find the association of clinical outcome with selected socio personal and clinical variables.
Material and Method: One group pretest posttest design carried out among 30 patients who fulfilled the selection
criteria were consecutively selected from dialysis unit of a tertiary care unit. The tools used were socio personal and
clinical data sheet, Urea reduction ratio sheet, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, fatigue severity rating scale and muscle
cramp assessment tool.Results:After intradialytic exercises urea reduction ratio was improved significantly from 64.27
± 9.10 to 68.47 ±7.33, Pittsburgh sleep quality index score decreased significantly from 10.40 ± 4.17 to 8.43 ± 4.67,
fatigue severity score decreased significantly from 43.03 ± 15.14 to 28.93± 16.56 and muscle cramp severity score
significantly decreased from 2.13± 1.33 to 1.77±1.35. Intradialytic exercises were found to be effective in improving
clinical outcome of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. No statistically significant association was found
between clinical outcome of dialysis and selected socio personal and clinical variables.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF COLPOSCOPIC BIOPSY OF CERVICES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL (RAJSHAHI MEDICAL COLLEGE) IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Parveen Monira , Asafudullah SM , Khatun M. Rokeya , Ali Md. Nowshad , Khanom Khadiza , Sultana Arefa
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Colposcopy is done to detect cervical cancer and changes that may lead to cervical cancer.
We aimed our study to observe the incidence of different pathologies of the cervix in Colposcopic
specimens in Rajshahi Medical College of Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective data were collected from the routine histopathological laboratory in the department of
pathology Rajshahi Medical College and were recorded during a study period of 1 year (July 2019 to June 2020).
Observations: Colposcopic biopsy is one of the commonest diagnostic procedures for assessing cervical Pathosis. Out of 641
specimens more than half, 365 specimens (56.50%) were Chronic Cervicitis. In present study, Chronic Cervicitis with squamous
metaplasia and Invasive squamous cell carcinoma became the 2nd, 16.39% (105 specimens), and 3rd, 13.42% (86 specimens)
most pathology involving the cervix. Cervical polyp, Endocervical and Leiomyomatous constitute 6.39% and 1.57% of the
specimens respectively. 4.36% (28 specimens) of the study sample were the Intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I, CIN II, CIN III).
Adenocarcinoma and Clear cell carcinoma constitute 0.79% and 0.16% of the study specimens. 50 % of the cervical squamous
cell carcinoma was moderately differentiated and well-differentiated and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma
constitutes 30.23% and 19.77% respectively.
Conclusions: Colposcopic examination of cervical biopsy specimens helps to detect the exact causes and underlined
pathology
CORRELATION OF DIFFICULTY INDEX AND DISCRIMINATING INDEX IN MEDICAL STUDENT’S ASSESSMENT.
Authors: Chauhan Bhoomika R. , Vaza Jayesh , Chauhan Girish R. , Chauhan Pradip R.
Published: May 2021

Multiple choice questions are nowadays used in competitive examination and formative assessment to assess the
student's eligibility and certification.Item analysis is the process of collecting,summarizing and using information from
students' responses to assess the quality of test items.Goal of the study was to identify the relationship between the item
difficulty index and item discriminating index in medical student's assessment. 400 final year medical students from
various medical colleges responded 200 items constructed for the study.The responses were assessed and analysed for
item difficulty index and item discriminating power. Item difficulty index an item discriminating power were analysed
by statical methods to identify correlation.The discriminating power of the items with difficulty index in 40%-50% was
the highest.
Summary and Conclusion:Items with good difficulty index in range of 30%-70% are good discriminator.
It may be time to improve the neuron of artificial neural network
Authors: Liu Gang
Published: May 2021

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have won
numerous contests in pattern recognition, machine learning, or artificial
intelligence in recent years. The neuron
of ANNs was designed by the stereotypical knowledge of biological neurons 70
years ago. Artificial Neuron is expressed as f(wx+b) or f(WX). This design
does not consider dendrites' information processing capacity. However, some recent studies show that biological dendrites participate in the
pre-calculation of input data. Concretely, biological dendrites play a role in
extracting the interaction information among inputs (features). Therefore, it
may be time to improve the neuron of ANNs. According to our previous studies
(DD), this paper adds the dendrites' function to artificial Neuron. The
dendrite function can be expressed as Wi,i-1Ai-1 ○ A0|1|2|...|i-1 . The generalized new neuron can be expressed as f(W(Wi,i-1Ai-1 ○
A0|1|2|...|i-1)).The simplified new neuron
be expressed as f(∑(WA ○ X)). After improving the neuron, there
are so many networks to try. This paper shows some basic architecture for
reference in the future.

Interesting things: (1) The computational
complexity of dendrite modules (Wi,i-1Ai-1 ○ Ai-1) connected in series is far lower than Horner's method. Will this
speed up the calculation of basic functions in computers? (2) The range of sight of animals has a
gradient, but the convolution layer does not have this characteristic. This
paper proposes receptive fields with a gradient. (3) The networks using Gang
neurons can delete traditional networks' Fully-connected Layer. In other words,
the Fully-connected Layers' parameters are assigned to a single neuron, which
reduces the parameters of a network for the same mapping capacity.

One important thing: ResDD can replace the current all ANNs' Neurons (ResDD modules+One Linear module)! ResDD has controllable precision for better generalization capability!

Gang neuron code is available at https://github.com/liugang1234567/Gang-neuron.
An Analog FSCV Device Combined with a Phase-Locked Loop for in Vivo Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Haziq Muhammad , Riaz Raheel , Kocatürk Samet , Ayyaz Ahsan , Kocatürk Mehmet
Published: May 2021

Preprint Manuscript
Currents in Line Conductors due to an Electron Avalanche
Authors: Nath Debasish , Kumar Udaya
Published: May 2021

Transfer of bulk electric power required in
the modern world can be realized only through EHV and UHV transmission lines.
The scenario is dominated by overhead lines in which electromagnetic noise
generated by corona is an important concern. Corona induced currents propagate
along line conductors producing electromagnetic noise, which is essential to be
quantified. In literature, large amount of work is based on experimental
investigations which considers only limited frequency ranges and is not
applicable to new line configurations. A set of semi-analytical methods have
also been proposed, which employ the transmission line model for analysis.
However, quasi-TEM mode of propagation inherently assumed by them has been
questioned. Moreover, the corona current is modeled as shunt source without
relating to the mechanism of induction due to corona. The present work aims to
investigate the basic mechanism of current induction using an isolated
avalanche developing under space charge modulated background field. The
corresponding induced currents are quantified and the structure of the electric
and magnetic fields is extracted. The basic issue with the long transmission
line modelling is amply demonstrated. Even though single avalanche, being the
basic process building corona is considered, general inferences can be drawn
regarding corona on lines.
Removal of Motion Artifacts from ECG signals by Combination of Recurrent Neural Networks and Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Zubair Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the graphical portrayal of heart usefulness. The ECG signals holds its significance in the discovery of heart irregularities. These ECG signals are frequently tainted by antiques from various sources. It is basic to diminish these curios and improve the exactness just as dependability to show signs of improvement results identified with heart usefulness. The most commonly disturbed artifact in ECG signals is Motion Artifacts (MA). In this paper, we have proposed a new concept on how machine learning algorithms can be used for de-noising the ECG signals. Towards the goal, a unique combination of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Deep Neural Network (DNN) is used to efficiently remove MA. The proposed algorithm is validated using ECG records obtained from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. To eliminate MA using the proposed method, we have used Adam optimization algorithm to train and fit the contaminated ECG data in RNN and DNN models. Performance evaluation results in terms of SNR and RRMSE show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other existing MA removal methods without significantly distorting the morphologies of ECG signals.
Efektivitas Friction Massage Terhadap Mengurangi Nyeri Pada Kasus Myofascial Trigger Point Syndrome Otot Upper Trapezius
Authors: Pratama Aditya Denny
Published: May 2021

Background: Myofascial trigger point syndrome is a musculoskeletal disorder characterized by the presence of a trigger point in a sensitive area within the skeletal muscle band linkages, if pressure is applied to the area it will cause specific pain at a point that is pressed (tenderness). Myofascial trigger point syndrome is influenced both by mechanism and by positioning factors. Myofascial trigger point syndrome upper trapezius muscle radiates along the upper back and neck, behind the ears and at the temples. Methods: The research method used is in the form of a case study with 1 patient who was given physiotherapy intervention and evaluation 4 times. To overcome the problem of muscle pain in bilateral trapezius m.upper in this study, using manual physiotherapy intervention therapy in the form of friction massage. Result: The results obtained, there was a decrease in tenderness in the upper trapezius muscle VAS 5 during the first evaluation to VAS 2 at the fourth evaluation with an average VAS value pre and post after one month for four interventions, namely 1.72. The MDC value (95) is 0.196 and the MCID range is 0.88-1.7, and 1.46-2.28. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that physiotherapy intervention with the manual method of therapy, friction massage is considered effective in reducing pain in patients with myofascial trigger point syndrome, upper trapezius muscle with visual analogues scale (VAS) parameters.

 

Keyword : Myofascial Trigger Point Syndrome, Manual Therapy, Friction Massage
Menemukan makna hidup dengan Forgiveness, Studi Pada Siswa Binaan Remaja Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak
Authors: Razkia Dwita , Safitri Ajeng , Santoso Santoso
Published: May 2021

Kesalahpahaman dalam komunikasi sering terjadi antar angggota kelompok KKN UMRI yang berujung pada perselisihan sesama anggota, dan berimbas dalam penyelesaian program kerja KKN. Komunikasi interpersonal menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini untuk melihat kontribusinya terhadap kerjasama tim pada mahasiswa KKN UMRI yang dilakukan pada saat pandemik covid-19. Sample penelitian menggunakan mahasiswa KKN UMRI tahun 2020 yang jumlah 281 orang, dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala kerjasama tim dan skala komunikasi interpersonal yang dianalisa menggunakan Uji Korelasi Parametrik Pearson, untuk melihat hubungan antara komunikasi interpersonal dengan kerjasama tim pada mahasiswa KKN UMRI. Nilai koefisien korelasi dari hasil uji analisa korelasi antara kerjasama tim terhadap komunikasi interpersonal ialah 0,048 dengan tingkat signifikansi (p) 0,418 (p>0,05) yang artinya komunikasi interpersonal tidak berkontribusi terhadap kerjasama tim pada mahasiswa KKN UMRI. Hal ini bisa dikarenakan durasi pelaksanaan KKN yang hanya 14 hari dan komunikasi antar anggota kelompok menggunakan media komunikasi online daripada tatap muka langsung, sehingga keterbukaan dan kepercayaan antar anggota kelompok sukar tercipta untuk menumbuhkan kerjasama tim. Berdasarkan temuan dalam penelitian ini, penelitian selanjutnya perlu memperhatikan aspek dalam komunikasi seperti keterbukaan dan kepercayaan, serta faktor durasi tatap muka antar anggota kelompok untuk melihat kerjasama tim pada kelompok tersebut.
Menghasrati Sang Akhir, Mempersembahkan Diri Pada Dunia
Authors: Paledung Christanto Sema Rappan
Published: May 2021

Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas Teologi Hari Kedelapan sebagai sum- ber berteologi yang solid untuk mempercakapkan peran gereja dalam ruang publik. Teologi Hari Kedelapan menegaskan bahwa pada Hari Kedelapan yakni hari Kebangkitan Kristus adalah permulaan dunia baru. Dengan demikian, gagasan ini mencakup percakapan liturgis, es- katologis, eklesiologis, penciptaan, dan sebagainya. Percakapan dalam makalah ini juga melibatkan konsep person dan eros dari Christos Yan- naras. Yannaras menegaskan bahwa person merupakan konstitusi yang relasional. Sebab itu, kehadirannya hanya dapat diwujudkan dalam gerak yang erotik. Untuk menegaskan kehadiran gereja dalam ruang publik, saya berargumen bahwa dengan konsep person dan eros, Hari Kedelapan merupakan gerak erotik Allah kepada dunia.

 

Kata-kata kunci: Hari Kedelapan, eskatologi, eklesiologi, person, eros, teologi publik.

 

Abstract: This article discusses Theology of the Eighth Day as a sol- id theological source to promote the role of the church in the public sphere. The theology asserts that the Eighth Day as the day the Res- urrection of Christ is the beginning of a new world. Thus, this idea includes liturgy, eschatology, ecclesiology, creation, etc. Conversations in this paper also involve the concept of person and eros from Christos Yannaras. Yannaras emphasized thatperson is a relational constitution. Therefore, its presence can only realize in erotic movements. To underline the presence of the church in the public sphere, I argue that with the concepts of person and eros, The Eighth Day is God›s erotic motion to the world.

 

Keywords:  The  Eighth  Day,  eschatology,  ecclesiology,  person,  eros, public theology.
Aspectos relacionados a empatia médica em estudantes de medicina: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Vaz Beatriz Moreira Caetano , Paraizo Vanessa Alves , Almeida Rogério José de
Published: May 2021

A discussão sobre a empatia na formação médica vem se aprofundando em âmbito mundial. Escolas médicas vêm sendo investigadas e seus estudantes avaliados, principalmente por meio da Escala Jefferson de Empatia Médica versão para estudantes. Tem por objetivo analisar, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, estudos que investigaram a empatia médica em estudantes de medicina. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica com coleta dos dados nas bases PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS). Para a busca dos artigos, foram utilizados os Descritores da Saúde (DeCS): empatia, curso de medicina e estudantes de medicina; e em inglês os Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): empathy, medicine course and medical student. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos que investigaram a empatia em estudantes de medicina utilizando a escala Jefferson de Empatia (versão para estudantes), publicados nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, durante o período de 2015 a 2020. Os critérios de exclusão foram: artigos repetidos na busca; revisão de literatura e dissertações e teses. Foram identificados um total de 17 artigos, os quais apresentaram fatores relacionados a empatia médica em estudantes de medicina, sendo: os anos de graduação, as características pessoais de cada indivíduo (gênero e idade), os fatores externos como um sistema de ensino integrado, uma matriz curricular mais rica em conteúdo de ciências humanas e um contato prático com pacientes mais precoce, a participação em trabalhos voluntários, o contato próximo com enfermidade de amigos, as disfuncionalidades familiares, a escolha da medicina como sendo a primeira opção de carreira do estudante e a escolha de especialidades clínicas com maior contato médico-paciente. Diante das evidências encontradas é possível entender que a empatia nos estudantes de medicina é moldada por diversos fatores durante sua formação acadêmica. Isso permite desenvolver estratégias a fim de se solucionar a tendência decrescente dos escores de empatia ao longo da graduação, por meio da introdução, principalmente, de encontro clínico mais precoce e de matérias das ciências humanas nas matrizes curriculares em cursos de medicina em todo o mundo.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE ANATITHYCAL PROSCESS (AHP) SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN GURU BERPRESTASI PADA DINAS PENDIDIDIKAN KABUPATEN HALMAHERA UTARA
Authors: Ibrahim Adelina , Muhammad Abdul Haris , Abdullah Saiful Do
Published: May 2021

Sistem pendukung keputusan dalam dunia komputerisasi berkembang pesat, dengan sistem ini manusia dapat memperoleh informasi dalam mendukung keputusan. Penelitian ini membuat sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan yang dapat digunakan oleh Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Halmahera Utara dengan metode Analitical Hierarchy Process, sehingga dapat membantu pihak dinas pendidikan dalam memberikan suatu pendukung keputusan. Metode yang digunakan dalam sistem pendukung keputusan pada penelitian ini adalah metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Metode ini mendukung penilaian kriteria dan pembobotan. Sistem ini mampu menampilkan alternatif  berdasarkan hasil perhitungan metode AHP. Hasil perangkingan diurutkan dari hasil alternatif tertinggi ke hasil alternatif terendah. Sistem ini bermanfaat bagi pihak dinas pendidikan sebagai bahan pendukung keputusan dan acuan kebijakan untuk menentukan guru berprestasi berdasarkan kriteria yang ditentukan dan dapat membantu dinas pendidikan dalam mengambil keputusan yang relevan untuk memilih guru berprestasi menggunakan metode AHP, dengan harapan dapat meningkatkan kinerja dan prestasi guru yang lainnya.Kata kunci : Sistem Pendukung Keputusan, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Guru Berprestasi.
PEMODELAN DATA WAREHOUSE PERPUSTAKAAN FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN ILMU KEGURUAN (FTIK) INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (IAIN) PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Irawan Rio
Published: May 2021

Perpustakaan merupakan salah satu layanan teknis yang sangat penting keberadaannya sebagai sumber informasi akademik dalam bentuk koleksi-koleksi buku-buku, artikel jurnal dan prosiding dan lainnya. Semakin berkembangnya koleksi perpustakaan, maka akan diperlukan sebuah sistem yang mampu melakukan manajemen data dengan baik. Data warehouse merupakan sebuah konsep manjemen basis data yang mampu mengintegrasikan data dalam database yang kemudian mampu untuk menghasilkan analisis terhadap data tertentu sesuai kebutuhan manajerial perpustakaan. Proses pengembangan data warehouse diawali dengan melakukan analisis desain basis data untuk proses OLTP untuk mendapatkan sumber data awal, kemudian dilakukan proses ELT untuk mendapatkan gambaran proses pemodelan data warehouse dengan menggunakan snowflake schema. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah desain model data warehouse yang akan digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pengembangan manajemen basis data pada perpustakaan Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka RayaKata Kunci: Data Warehouse, Perpustakaan, ETL, Snowflake Schema
Dementia with Lewy bodies – a case report, diagnosis and management
Authors: Bzowska Magdalena , Lew-Starowicz Michał
Published: May 2021

Dementia is one of the major health issues around the globe which can severely affect the daily functioning of patients and their caregivers. There is no pharmacological method that entirely cures dementia, however, early detection, precognitive medication and treatment of concomitant illnesses and behavioural symptoms can significantly moderate cognitive decline as well as improve the quality of life patients with dementia. Here we present a case of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), which is the second most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in population above 65 years old. Despite its common occurrence, this disease is rarely detected, due to misleading symptoms, in its early stage. DLB often starts with depressive or psychotic symptoms, whilst cognitive decline is not apparent yet. Clinical features of DLB, as well as challenges of diagnosis and management are presented accordingly.
AIR PASSENGERS’ RIGHTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   Baku State University master, Oktay Huseynova Gunel
Published: May 2021

During the age of mass tourism, legislation is necessary to cover the rights and obligations of both passengers and airlines. Air passengers’ rights are enshrined in specific laws that support travelers and provide for protection and compensation when people face flight disruptions. These rules may differ depending on the region. The main problem in this field is that many people are unaware that the law is on their side and even passenger rights exist. Experience shows that 85% of air passengers are unaware of their rights. The legal basis of the European Union air passengers’ rights is Articles 91 and 100 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 establish common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights. Key words: passenger rights, flight delay; flight cancellation; overbooked flight; missed connecting flight; airline strike; delayed, lost, or damaged baggage.
History of Azerbaıjan-Us relations and establishment of the diplomatic relations
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti magistrant, İlqar qızı Mehtiyeva Lalə
Published: May 2021

Bilateral relations, which date back to the end of the 19th century, began to develop mainly after our country gained independence on October 18, 1991. Of course, in the first years of independence, the United States took a cautious approach to bilateral relations with Azerbaijan, based on the thesis of Russia first. Nevertheless, over the years, the United States has deeply studied Azerbaijan as a key country in the South Caucasus, and analyzed it in terms of strengthening long-term bilateral relations. If we evaluate the bilateral relations over 4 periods, as a result of A.Mutallibov's pro-Russian policy, A.Elchibey's excessive preference for the pro-Western policy without taking into account the Russian factor, the bilateral relations could not develop sufficiently. However, thanks to the balance policy founded by Heydar Aliyev and successfully developed by Ilham Aliyev today, Azerbaijan-US relations have risen to the level of a strategic alliance and strengthened on a win-win basis. Key words: bilateral relations, Azerbaijan, key country of the South Caucasus, USA, balance policy, strategic alliance, win-win principle, mutually beneficial cooperation
IMPROVING AZERI EFL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PRONUNCIATION THROUGH A VIRTUAL REALITY GAME MANAGED BY A HUMANOID ROBOT
Authors:   Ondokuz Mayis University master, Huseyn Muradlı Tavat
Published: May 2021

Key words: Virtual Reality Game, pronunciation practice, EFL learners Chapter one Introduction Learning a second language is not an easy undertaking and requires effective planning and instruction competencies. Most students learning English as their second language usually encounter different challenges in the course of developing proficiency. Such complexities are evident in different elements of the English language which are difficult to comprehend like understanding the consonants and how they are used among other related complexities. Given the global influence of English, many people who are not native speakers have continuously been struggling to develop proficiency as well as fluency in this language. However, this undertaking is challenging and in frequent cases, most learners will be demotivated and discontinue their English studies. In countries like Azerbaijan, for instance, there is a large and aggressively growing number of English learners in different levels of education, especially secondary schools. Although in different secondary schools in Azerbaijan English is usually taught as a subject, it has been very difficult for the students to comprehend some of the basic elements of the language especially consonants. This situation presents a crucial opportunity for effective designing of instructional designs in EFL lessons to boost the proficiency of learners in this particular field of study. Effective utilization of different technologies including virtual reality can create an advanced and quality learning environment for the EFL students ideal for easy mastery of the English language.
CRITERIA FOR SOURCES OF TERRORISM FINANCING AND TYPES OF FUNDING SOURCES
Authors:   Baku State University master, Ali Suleymanova Aytac
Published: May 2021

Terrorism financing is required both to fund terrorist attacks and to develop and to maintain the terrorist organization and also to create an environment to sustain their activities. Terrorist organizations raise funds through a variety of sources around the world and move these funds between jurisdictions. These funds provide the interchangeable, easily transportable means to secure all other forms of material support. The variety of funding sources depends on the scale and centralization level of terrorist organizations. Selecting any of financing sources requires the consideration of advantages and disadvantages of them. The article describes the categories of terrorist funding sources and what criteria is considered to select the fund. Key words: terrorist funding, criteria to sources, funding types, legitimate sources, illegal activities, state sponsorship, popular support [attachment=1320:MƏQALƏNİ YÜKLƏ
Opportunities for cooperation between Germany and Azerbaijan in the field of “Medical Tourism”
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Turizm və Menecment Universiteti magistrant, İsmayıl oğlu Rzayev Taleh
Published: May 2021

Development cooperation between Germany and Azerbaijan continues to develop relations in the field of medical tourism, as well as in many areas of tourism. This cooperation serves to further increase the opportunities in the field of medical tourism between the two countries and seeks to strengthen German-Azerbaijani medical tourism cooperation. The German healthcare system has a strong international reputation for its quality, and the medical technology and treatment options available in Germany are at the most modern level. For these reasons, it is important for Azerbaijan to benefit from German medical tourism practice and to study the available medical technology and treatment options. Conferences, events and scientific discussions are held between Germany and Azerbaijan to ensure the long-term development of this cooperation. Such events are very important in increasing the awareness of health workers and developing internship opportunities between the two countries. In accordance with the topic of the article, research has been conducted in the field of medical tourism in Germany, and the existing purposeful opinions and ideas on the application of new projects to Azerbaijan have been included the topic. Key words: Medical tourism, high medical service, Health Clinic, Senior Expert Services, Ms. Heike Muskel, German-Azerbaijani Business Forum, German health system
Establishing the effective tax collection in the developing countries
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət İqtisad Universiteti magistrant, Rizvan qızı Abdullayeva Səbinə
Published: May 2021

İn the contemporary condition one of the main the way which leads to the social and economical development is the correctly organized tax system. For this reason tax which is the main profit center for the government should be checked by the tax audit in order to provide budget for state. Specially during the last years modern organized and integrated world practice which brings new technology to the system is observed in the developing countries. Development of the economy is directly depend on the correct and timely collection of the tax payments. Lacks in the tax legislation, tax collection and tax audit which was indicated in the article are affecting to the economy of the developing countries. Government should give strong efford to eloborate the barriers and work attentively for this challenge. Key words: tax, tax collection, tax audit, tax legislation, fine, tax sistem, government policy
Towards competency-based medical education in addictions psychiatry: a systematic review
Authors: Bahji Anees , Smith Joshua , Danilewitz Marlon , Crockford David , El-Guebaly Nady , Stuart Heather
Published: May 2021

Background: Current curriculum guidelines for addiction training in psychiatry need to be adapted to the competency by design framework to integrate clinical skills in addiction.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review to identify curricular and educational interventions to build competency among psychiatry residents and fellows in addiction psychiatry.

Methods: We followed the PRISMA guidelines, searching five databases from inception to August 2020 for relevant evaluation-type studies exploring addiction psychiatry competency among psychiatry residents and fellows. We appraised study quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute's risk of bias tool for observational designs.

Results: From 1600 records, 17 studies met inclusion criteria. Addiction psychiatry competencies spanned themes involving core knowledge development; attitudinal, communication and leadership skills; screening, assessment, diagnosis; management; and special populations. Examples of effective educational interventions to enhance addiction competency include specific modules for substance use disorders and integrated clinical rotations that simultaneously combine multiple types of skills. Lived experience improved trainee attitudes towards addiction psychiatry.

Conclusions: While there is current evidence supporting strategies for developing competency in addiction psychiatry, the lack of studies measuring sustained competence over a longer-term follow-up period and the absence of randomized controlled trials limit the overall strength of evidence in this review. Current psychiatry entrustable professional activities (EPAs) involving addiction only partly overlap with curriculum training guidelines and studies identified in this review. These EPAs need to be better identified for training programs, competence in those EPAs better delineated for residents and preceptors, and evaluations should be done to ensure that adequate competence in addictions is attained and sustained.
WORLD INVESTMENTS IN THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY IN MODERN REALITIES
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Professor, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia, ZOZULYA V. V. , FEDINA A. A. ,   Student, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the state of foreign investment in the economy of the Russian Federation in conditions of economic, political and infectious instability. Countries investing in the Russian economy are analyzed, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foreign investment in the Russian economy is assessed. The author identifies the problems that restrain the growth of foreign investment in the Russian economy, and considers the prospects for the development of foreign investment. A number of measures have been proposed to solve the identified problems.
ANALYSIS OF THE NATURE OF THE EUROPEAN DIGITAL TAX IN COMPARISON WITH THE CURRENT VAT SYSTEM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES
Authors:   Student, Faculty of Taxes, Audit and Business Analysis, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, ZAYTSEV S. V.
Published: May 2021

In March 2018 the European Commission presented a proposal to adopt a digital services tax (DST) on certain types of revenues of multinational digital Companies. The purpose of the digital services tax is to compensate in the short term for the low level of corporate taxation of these companies in the European Union and thus meet the urgent need of civil society for greater tax fairness. DST is presented as an indirect tax on turnover and is often compared to value-added tax (VAT). In this article, the author seeks to highlight the many differences that exist between the harmonized European Union VAT and the new DST. In addition, the author challenges the idea that the DST will actually be an indirect tax and, most importantly, that it will effectively increase tax justice in the European Union.
FORMATION OF A PROCUREMENT SYSTEM AT A MODERN RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Graduate Student of the Center for Management of Industries of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, GODIN A. A.
Published: May 2021

This paper studies the online procurement systems and their possible application in research and production companies, as well as assesses the benefits of these systems, efficient purchasing strategies, administration and other aspects related to the subject of purchasing. In the new era of digital technology applied to the economy, in the management of companies and businesses it is important to have an efficient purchasing system and this can be achieved with the implementation of digital platforms for making and evaluating purchases, sales, transactions and contracts. The modules that will be implemented depend of the aims of each company.
TOPONYMICAL IMAGE OF A CITY AS A FACTOR OF REGIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Russian Language Department, Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs, Vladimir, Russia, KUZNETSOVA E. A.
Published: May 2021

The article is focused on the analysis of a toponymical image as one of the elements of the regional development, which can be considered as a factor of regional tourism growth. The research considers the process of naming of catering establishments, accommodation services, and travel companies as a means of creating the toponymical image of a city.
ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP OF THE "STRATEGIC TRIANGLE" COUNTRIES RUSSIAN FEDERATION – PRC – USA (PART 4): PROSPECTS FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA, RUSSIA AND THE USA
Authors:   Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, GORDIENKO D. V.
Published: May 2021

The paper analyzes the prospects of economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China, the Russian Federation and the United States in the context of economic relations of this strategic triangle. An approach is proposed to analyze the prospects for cooperation between Russia and China in the framework of global integration projects, as well as trade and investment cooperation between Russia and the United States. These relationships determine the interdependence of the national economies of these countries. An attempt is made to forecast the development of economic relations between the countries of the strategic triangle. The results of the work can be used to justify recommendations to the leadership of our country.
Land-Use Data: Relevance and Reliability
Authors: Štěpánek Vít
Published: May 2021

The article deals with land-use structural data available in the Czech Republic. Character of the data as well as its practical use are outlined and a brief summary of methods is given. Some problems of comparative and historical research of land-use are mentioned. Practical example from the Domažlice district shows real problems of land-use analysis and outlines possible solutions.
Prášilské Lake
Authors: Zbořil Aleš
Published: May 2021

It was in 1906 when V. Švambera made first mapping of the Prášilské Lake's profile and depth. It took 88 years, however, until more recent geomorphological and limnological research has been carried out in 1994. Glacial relicts in the lake were mapped and the results were incorporated in a geomorphological map, scale 1:10,000. 33 depth profiles were measured and a new ground plan of the lake has been created. Thermic conditions, colour and transparentness of water, as well as hydrological regime, have been researched, too.
Areas of Land-Cover Forms and Calculation of Their Morphometric Parameters
Authors: Husár Karol
Published: May 2021

The article aims to sum up selected vector-oriented quantitative methods that evaluate spatial units (i.e. areas or regions). Calculations of spatial morphometric parametres, namely of frequency, area and circumference, shape (form), spatial orientation of a region and regional spatial interrelations, are presented. The above mentioned methods are shown on the interpretative scheme of land-cover forms in the Šurany region with help of the computer programs APTAB and DIGEDIT whitch were compiled at the Institute of Geography SAS. The article is part of the project 2/999310/92 (Analysis of Information Potential of Remote Sensing Data) researched at the Institute of Geography SAS.
Of Race and Man: Reconstructing Citizenship and the Nation in Abdullah Hussain's Interlok
Authors:   Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Syed Mohamed Ahmad Thamrini Fadzlin , Md. Yusof Noraini ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hashim Ruzy Suliza ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: May 2021

This paper attempts to provide an alternative perspective of Abdullah Hussain’s Interlok (2010) by examining the original version of the novel published in 1971. Exploring the controversy through claims made by the general public, academics and experts through the Internet, we argue that those who found the novel racist in essence are themselves guilty of racism. The paper will further suggest that Abdullah Hussain is a fierce nation builder who attempts to redefine the nation’s idea of citizenship and nationhood that can be explained by using the Race Relations Cycle theory. Most importantly, the article demonstrates the writer’s desire to try and redefine citizenship among the Malaysian people by deconstructing well-perceived stereotypical race constructions and promoting unity in a new nation. Keywords: Interlok, racism, nationalism, Abdullah Hussain
The Historical Order of Malaysian Socioculture in Interlok
Authors:   Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Ibrahim Mohd. Hanafi
Published: May 2021

Interlok is a literary work with a specific theme that resulted from a contest and it proposes the subject of national integration at its core to fulfil the aspirations and the development of the then newly independent Malaysia. The historical framework is used as an instrument for discourse purposes in addressing socio-cultural and humanitarian issues related to the solidarity and development of the Malaysian nation. Therefore, this novel may be categorised as a socio-historical novel and not purely a historical novel. Interlok provides the opportunity to the reader to explore the author’s profound meaning in introducing the subject of solidarity as the foundation of the development of the Malaysian nation. The difference in values among the races has to be narrowed whereas the quality or the advantage possessed by each of the respective races has to be assembled to obtain maximum benefit. Keywords: Interlok, historicising fiction, fictionalising history, solidarity, socio-cultural, socio-historical
Islamic Literature Discourse in the Postcolonial Era: The Transcendental Literature of Indonesia and Genuine Literature of Malaysia
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Musa Mohd. Faizal
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the idea of Prophetic Literature or Sufi Literature that developed along the same lines as Transcendental Literature, founded by Kuntowijoyo. The core philosophies behind Transcendental Literature are the teachings of Sufism and mysticism. With Islam Kejawen (Javanese Sufism) as a background, Transcendental Literature emphasizes the spiritual experience and effort by humans to seek the love of Allah. It also emphasizes on traditional elements such as the “return to the roots of local culture”, including Kejawen (Javanese Sufism) as a source to respond to the post-colonial literary discourse. In comparison, in Malaysia, Genuine Literature, pioneered by Mohd. Affandi Hassan, attempts to differentiate between the term and concept of kesusasteraan (literature), which is linked to Western fiction, and persuratan (writing), Mohd. Affandi Hassan’s ambitious venture was to liberate Muslim authors from Western colonization. Genuine (Islamic) Literature focuses on ‘ ilm or knowledge, hence excluding aspects of superstition and imagination in literary works. Also, in Genuine Literature, the real beauty in literary works lies in the “combination of aesthetics and intellect”. Genuine Literature also rejects absolute freedom for authors, with creativity no longer taken to be a measure of creativity. As an early discussion, this paper will highlight aspects of the Transcendental Literature of Indonesia and Genuine Literature of Malaysia and how they were presented as a response to the Western discourse. Both clearly try to provide “Islamic Literature” with distinctive features to create a more meaningful post-colonial discourse. Keywords: Islamic Literature, Transcendental Literature, Genuine Literature, Javanese Sufism, Post Colonial Literature
Hang Tuah in the Sea of Oral Malay Narratives
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Haji Salleh Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Hang Tuah is a culture hero who defines both himself and the Malays, along with their feudal and universal values. Three forms of existences have been bestowed on him by the peoples of the Malay Archipelago, i. e. the historical, the fictional and the oral. This paper attempts to trace the oral presence of Hang Tuah which is more varied, colourful, and in effect, more developed than the other two. At present, in Sungai Duyung, Singkep, Riau, Malacca and many places in the Archipelago, there is a wealth of stories about him, his origins, exploits, comrades and death. Many stories of the Sea Sekanaq of West Singkep, Riau claim that he originated from amongst their people. In Bintan, however, where his family found a home, some other famous stories are told of how he met his four friends, and his early relationship with the Bendahara and the Raja of Bintan. Hang Tuah and his family moved to Malacca when the new state became an important and wealthy port. Here, the stories refer to the village of Sungai Duyong in Malacca, its famous well, and his so-called mausoleum in Tanjong Keling. Stories of his life and contribution to the state were composed over time, and are quite different from addition to those of the Sulalat al-Salatin and the Hikayat Hang Tuah. The stories are still being composed and spread through the internet, an instrument of what I call the tertiary orality. Keywords: Â Hang Tuah, Malay identity, feudal values, origins, orang laut
The Construction of the Malay Hero as Conceived in Hikayat Hang Tuah
Authors:   University of Malaya, Bujang Rahmah
Published: May 2021

This article is an exposition of the legendary character of Hang Tuah in the traditional Malay literary work titled Hang Tuah edited by Kassim Ahmad (1964), which is based on the manuscript Hikayat Hang Tuah from the collection of Dewan Bahasa and Pustaka. It traces the experiences of Hang Tuah, the main character, focusing on the development of his heroism. The concept of the construction of a hero is based on Joseph Campbell’s prototype model of the hero, whereby in his book The Hero with a Thousand Faces (first published 1949, third edition 2009), he summarizes every step of the hero’s journey into three stages: departure, initiation and return. The objective of the article is to examine Hang Tuah as a heroic figure using Campbell’s model as an archetype. The analysis will show the similarities in the treatment of the hero entity as an extraordinary person in Malay literature, while at the same time highlighting the most noticeable differences. The backbone of the construct is the contention that Hang Tuah’s heroism runs in tandem with the concept of king and kingdom in Malay tradition. Keywords: Hang Tuah, legendary warrior, Malay hero, hero’s journey
Co-opting the Rival Ca(n)non the Turkish Episode of Hikayat Hang Tuah
Authors:   University of London, Braginsky Vladimir
Published: May 2021

Among specimens of traditional Malay literary polemics, or rather, “wars of books”, we find an interesting group of texts of the mid or late seventeenth century, which narrate how an Acehnese embassy was dispatched to Ottoman Turkey to obtain “large cannons”. Remarkably, alongside literary pieces composed in Aceh, this group also includes the Turkish episode of Hikayat Hang Tuah ( HHT ), the epic created in Johor which describes the epoch of the Malaccan sultanate. However, HHT is a double-layered work in which Malacca not infrequently stands for Johor, whose relations with Aceh were more often than not hostile. HHT ’s author covertly polemicizes against Acehnese literary works, striving to prove that Malacca (read Johor) allegedly established diplomatic relations with the Ottomans earlier than Aceh. HHT also attempts to show that its mission to Istanbul was much more successful than Aceh’s and that it completed the recognition of Malacca/Johor across the entire political space from China to Turkey. Yet, the political and literary agendas of HHT ’s author differ radically. In the former, the forces of repulsion hold sway, which leads HHT to depict the triumph of Johor in its rivalry with Aceh. In the latter, on the contrary, the forces of attraction dominate. For this reason the Turkish episode in HHT borrows the plot of Acehnese works, constructs its portrayals of Istanbul from a mosaic of Acehnese sources, and resorts to the grand Acehnese literary style of the “gold-and-jewel” variety. Keywords: traditional Malay literature, Hikayat Hang Tuah , Malacca, Johor, Aceh, Turkey, Istanbul, the Ottomans, Acehnese embassy, political agenda, palimpsest, war of books, gold-and-jewel style
The Muslim Woman's Personality and the Development of Insan Kamil in the Novels of Faisal Tehrani and Isa Kamari
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Masri Siti Rabeah , Kamarudin Kamariah , Hajimaming Pabiyah
Published: May 2021

This study will show the characteristics of the Muslim woman who is capable of becoming a good example ( uswah hasanah ) for readers. Apart from this, the researcher wishes to show the extent to which the authors are able to handle Muslim women characters that are able to build and encourage readers towards becoming insan Kamil . In this matter the characteristics of the Muslim woman in Faisal Tehrani’s Tunggu Teduh Dulu ( Wait Till It Cools ) and Surat-surat Perempuan Johor ( The Letters of the Johor Woman ), as well as Isa Kamari’s novels Atas Nama Cinta ( In the Name of Love ) and Satu Bumi ( One Earth ) will be examined. The characteristics of the Muslim woman that play a role in the development of insan Kamil will be examined in light of the Takmilah Theory which focuses on the principle of developing an audience of insan Kamil . The depiction of women whose personalities display the characteristics of insan Kamil is hoped to be able to exemplify the human ideal for readers. Keywords: Muslim women’s personality; Takmilah Theory; Insan Kamil, Faisal Tehrani, Isa Kamari