bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevated circulating levels of GFAP associated with reduced volumes in hippocampal subregions linked to mild cognitive impairment among community-dwelling elderly individuals
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Jun , Zhang Haibo , Tan Zhenkun , Zheng Yingyan , Ping Junjiao , Zhang Jie , Luo Jiali , Li Linsen , Lu Liming , Liu Xinxia
Published: October 2024

Objective

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers are challenging to use for diagnosing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in large populations, and there is an urgent need for new blood biomarkers. The aim of this study is to investigate whether astrocyte activation is correlated with hippocampal atrophy, and to assess the potential of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as a biomarker for diagnosing MCI among community-dwelling older individuals.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 107 older adults. The levels of GFAP in serum were measured, and the volumetric assessment of gray matter within hippocampal subregions was conducted using Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM). The relationship between hippocampal subregion volume and blood biomarkers were analyzed using partial correlation. The effectiveness of blood biomarkers in differentiating MCI was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

We found that serum GFAP levels were significantly elevated in the MCI group compared to the cognitively normal (CN) group. Additionally, individuals with MCI exhibited a reduction gray matter volume in specific hippocampal subregions. Notably, the right dentate gyrus (DG) and right cornu ammonis (CA) subregions were found to be effective for distinguishing MCI patients from CN individuals. Serum levels of GFAP demonstrate a sensitivity of 65.9% and a specificity of 75.6% in differentiating patients with MCI from CN individuals.

Conclusion

Specific atrophy within hippocampal subregions has been observed in the brains of community-dwelling elderly individuals. Elevated levels of circulating GFAP may serve as a sensitive peripheral biomarker indicative of hippocampal-specific cognitive alterations in patients with MCI.
Global research trends and prospects on immune-related therapy in ischemic stroke: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Qi , Yuan Lei , Wang Fei , Sun Fei
Published: October 2024

Background

Following ischemic stroke, non-neuronal cells within the nervous system play a crucial role in maintaining neurovascular unit functions, regulating metabolic and inflammatory processes of the nervous system. Investigating the functions and regulation of these cells, particularly immune cells, deepens our understanding of the complex mechanisms of neuroinflammation and immune modulation after ischemic stroke and provides new perspectives and methods for immune-related therapy.

Methods

The annual distribution, journals, authors, countries, institutions, and keywords of articles published between 2015 and 2024 were visualized and analyzed using CiteSpace and other bibliometric tools.

Results

A total of 1,089 relevant articles or reviews were included, demonstrating an overall upward trend; The terms “cerebral ischemia,” “immune response,” “brain ischemia,” “cerebral inflammation,” “neurovascular unit,” and “immune infiltration,” etc. are hot keywords in this field.

Conclusion

In recent years, research on immune-related therapy for ischemic stroke has focused on mechanisms of occurrence, protection and repair of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by non-neuronal cells, and regulation of immunosuppression and inflammation. Among these, reducing BBB disruption to minimize secondary brain damage has become a hotspot. At the same time, the complex roles of immune responses have attracted attention, particularly the balance between regulatory T cells and Th17 cells in regulating neuroinflammation and promoting neurological function recovery, which is crucial to reduce secondary neuronal damage and improve prognosis, potentially establishing a pivotal frontier in this domain of investigation.
Dialectics of perisomatic inhibition—The unity and conflict of opposites
Authors: Rozov Andrei , Jappy David John , Maltseva Ksenia , Vazetdinova Alina , Valiullina-Rakhmatullina Fliza
Published: October 2024

Over the past three decades, a great deal of attention has been paid to the study of perisomatic inhibition and perisomatic inhibitory basket cells. A growing body of experimental evidence points to the leading role of perisomatic inhibitory cells in the generation of oscillatory activity in various frequency ranges. Recently the link between the activity of basket cells and complex behavior has been demonstrated in several laboratories. However, all this is true only for one type of perisomatic inhibitory interneuron—parvalbumin-positive basket cells. Nevertheless, where parvalbumin-positive basket cells are found, there is another type of basket cell, cholecystokinin-positive interneurons. These two types of interneurons share a number of common features: they innervate the same compartments of target neurons and they often receive excitation from the same sources, but they also differ from each other in the synchrony of their GABA release and expression of receptors. The functional role of cholecystokinin-positive basket cells in oscillatory activity is not so obvious. They were thought to be involved in theta oscillations, however recent measurements in free moving animals have put some doubts on this hypothesis. Therefore, an important question is, whether these two types of basket cells work synergistically or perform opposing actions in functional networks? In this mini-review, we attempt to answer this question by putting forward the idea that these two types of basket cells are functionally united as two entities of the same network, and their opposing actions are necessary to maintain rhythmogenesis in a “healthy”, physiological range.
C3 glomerulopathy: a kidney disease mediated by alternative pathway deregulation
Authors: Heidenreich Karin , Goel Deepti , Priyamvada P. S. , Kulkarni Sagar , Chakurkar Vipul , Khullar Dinesh , Singh Ravi , Bale Charan , Zipfel Peter F.
Published: October 2024

C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is an ultra-rare complement-mediated kidney disease caused by to the deregulation of the alternative pathway (AP) of proximal complement. Consequently, all effector loops of the complement are active and can lead to pathologies, such as C3a- and C5a-mediated inflammation, C3b opsonization, surface C3b-mediated AP C3 convertase assembly, C3 cleavage product deposition in the glomerulus, and lytic C5b-9/MAC cell damage. The most common pathologic mechanisms are defective chronic alternative pathway deregulation, mostly occurring in the plasma, often causing C3 consumption, and chronic complement-mediated glomerular damage. C3G develops over several years, and loss of renal function occurs in more than 50% of patients. C3G is triggered by both genetic and autoimmune alterations. Genetic causes include mutations in individual complement genes and chromosomal variations in the form of deletions and duplications affecting genes encoding complement modulators. Many genetic aberrations result in increased AP C3 convertase activity, either due to decreased activity of regulators, increased activity of modulators, or gain-of-function mutations in genes encoding components of the convertase. Autoimmune forms of C3G do also exist. Autoantibodies target individual complement components and regulators or bind to neoepitopes exposed in the central alternative pathway C3 convertase, thereby increasing enzyme activity. Overactive AP C3 convertase is common in C3G patients. Given that C3G is a complement disease mediated by defective alternative pathway action, complement blockade is an emerging concept for therapy. Here, we summarize both the causes of C3G and the rationale for complement inhibition and list the inhibitors that are being used in the most advanced clinical trials for C3G. With several inhibitors in phase II and III trials, it is expected that effectice treatment for C3G will become availabe in the near future.
Acupuncture in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a meta-analysis and data mining
Authors: Li Limeng , Huang Yingxue , An Chengfei , Jing Ning , Xu Chuhan , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Huanan , Tan Tao
Published: October 2024

Background

The efficacy and acupoint selection of acupuncture in treating chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) remain controversial. This study aims to explore the specific efficacy and acupoint selection of acupuncture in treating CIPN through a meta-analysis and data mining.

Methods

Searching for clinical trials on acupuncture treatment for CIPN in 8 databases, evaluating its efficacy and safety through a meta-analysis, and exploring its acupoint selection through data mining.

Results

The meta-analysis included 21 studies and 2,121 patients, showing that compared with the control group, the acupuncture group could significantly improve neuropathic pain intensity (SMD = −0.66, 95% CI [−1.07, −0.25], p = 0.002), significantly reduce the NCI-CTCAE (MD = −0.29, 95%CI [−0.50, −0.08], p < 0.01), significantly reduce the FACT-NXT score (MD = 2.09, 95% CI [0.73,3.45], p < 0.05), significantly increase the motor conduction velocities (MCV) of median nerve (MD = 2.38, 95% CI [2.10, 2.67], p < 0.001), the sensory conduction velocities (SCV) of the median nerve (MD = 0.56, 95 %CI [−1.45, 2.57], p = 0.58), the SCV of the tibial nerve (MD = 1.78, 95% CI [0.50, 3.05], p < 0.01), and the SCV of sural nerves (MD = 4.60, 95% CI [0.17, 9.02], p < 0.05), as well as improving the quality of life score (MD =7.35, 95% CI [1.53, 13.18], p = 0.01). Data mining showed that the core acupoints for acupuncture treatment of CIPN were LI4, ST36, LI11, LR3, and SP6.

Conclusion

Acupuncture can improve the neuropathic pain intensity, the intensity of the CIPN, MCV of the median nerve, SCV of the tibial nerve and peroneal nerve, quality of life, and has good safety in CIPN patients. LI4 (Hegu), ST36 (Zusanli), LI11 (Quchi), LR3 (Taichong), and SP6 (Sanyinjiao) are the core acupuncture points for treating CIPN, and this protocol has the potential to become a supplementary treatment for CIPN.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42024551137.
Automated home cage monitoring of an aging colony of mice—Implications for welfare monitoring and experimentation
Authors: Moore Joanna L. , Kennedy James , Hassan Abdul-Azim
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Our understanding of laboratory animal behavior and the implications of husbandry activities on their wellbeing remains incomplete. This is especially relevant with an aging colony as their activity patterns may change as they mature. Home Cage Monitoring (HCM) provides valuable insights into mouse activity within the animal's own environment and can shed light on acclimatization periods and responses to husbandry activities such as cage changing. The aim of this study was to monitor and explore changes in the activity and rest disturbance (RDI) patterns of an aging colony of male and female C57/BL6 mice.

Methods

The mice were housed in the Digitally Ventilated Cage® system, for up to 18 months of age. Data was then downloaded to investigate how the activity patterns and RDI of the mice changed over time. Habituation, aging and cage change assessments were conducted using linear mixed models, while cage separation and stereotypic behavior investigations were conducted by visual inspection of the data.

Results

As expected during the study, mice were less active during the light phase compared to the dark phase. However, on arrival mice displayed heightened activity and RDI during the light phase and reduced activity and RDI during the dark phase, taking several days to adjust to baseline “acclimatized” patterns. With age, overall activity significantly decreased from 5 months until 14 months of age, after which it increased back toward baseline levels. We also observed activity spikes during our monitoring of this colony. Prolonged housing can lead to alarming stereotypic behaviors in animals. Cages of mice flagged for potential stereotypy displayed sustained activity spikes in the light and dark phases. Spikes in activity during the dark phase were much more pronounced than in the light phase. Cage changing led to an increase in the light phase activity and RDI compared to the previous day, with no observed difference in the dark phase post-cage change. This effect remained consistent as the animals aged.

Discussion

This study explores changes in the activity patterns of an aging colony of male and female C57/BL6 mice housed in the Digitally Ventilated Cage® system. We identified distinct aging phases concerning activity and RDI differences and a potential new welfare application for the DVC®, specifically for early detection of stereotypy. In conclusion, the adoption of HCM systems should be considered for long-term animal housing from both a welfare and behavioral perspective.
Short-term high-fat and high-carb diet effects on glucose metabolism and hedonic regulation in young healthy men
Authors: Pointke Marcel , Strenge Frank , Piotrowski Dawid , Matteikat Anika , Meyhöfer Svenja , Meyhöfer Sebastian M. , Chamorro Rodrigo , Wilms Britta
Published: October 2024

Background

Daily dietary intake of macronutrients and energy is closely associated with long-term metabolic health outcomes, but whether 24-h nutritional intervention under isocaloric conditions leads to changes in metabolism remains unclear. Moreover, the short-term effect of diets with different macronutrient composition on hedonic appetite regulation is less clear.

Methods

This study examined the impact of an acute high-fat (F+) and high-carbohydrate (C+) diet on glucose metabolism and hedonic regulation of food intake in young healthy men under controlled conditions. Using a cross-over design, 19 male participants received a one-day isocaloric diet with different macronutrient composition (F+ = 11% carbohydrates, 74% fat; C+ = 79% carbohydrates, 6% fat) compared to a control diet (CON = 55% carbohydrates, 30% fat). Protein content was set at 15% of energy in all diets. The feeling of hunger, as well as “liking” and “wanting” for foods, was assessed through visual analog scales, and blood samples for glucose, insulin, and cortisol levels were assessed repeatedly during the experimental day. An intravenous glucose tolerance test was conducted the next morning.

Results

Postprandial glucose and insulin levels were lowest in F+ over the 24 h. Except for dinner, the CON diet showed the highest mean values in glucose. F+ diet improved insulin resistance, lowering Homeostatis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values. Changes in hedonic regulation of food intake were not observed during the intervention between the diets, except for higher feelings of satiety under the CON diet.

Conclusion

An acute, isocaloric, high-fat diet improved insulin resistance even in healthy individuals but did not affect hedonic food intake regulation. Macronutrient composition modulate glucose metabolism even under short-term (24-h) and isocaloric diets, which should be considered for personalized preventive dietary treatments.
Path coefficient analysis unraveled nutrient factors directly impacted the textural characteristics of cooked whole-grain purple rice
Authors: Chaichoompu Ekawat , Wattanavanitchakorn Siriluck , Wansuksri Rungtiva , Kamolsukyeunyong Wintai , Ruengphayak Siriphat , Vanavichit Apichart
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Whole-grain pigmented rice (WCP) provides many nutritional benefits compared to non-pigmented varieties. The textural quality of cooked whole-grain rice, particularly its hardness, is crucial for consumers’ preferences.

Materials and Methods

We investigated the impact of multiple-grain nutrient components on textural attributes through Pearson Correlation and Path Coefficient Analyses (PCA).

Results and Discussion

From correlation analysis, we found that the dietary fibre index (DFI), soluble and insoluble fibre (SDF and IDF), and amylose/amylopectin contents (AC/AP) influenced hardness (HRD) significantly. Nonetheless, the binary correlation failed to detect the impact of protein on hardness; instead, it strongly affected adhesiveness (ADH). The PCA revealed protein, AC/AP, and DFI significantly impacted HRD and ADH. Furthermore, DFI antagonised protein and AC/AP to define HRD, while AC/AP and DFI opposed the direct effects of protein on ADH. DFI’s effects on HRD were more appealing among low AC than high or waxy rice groups. Instead, the effect of protein was more appealing among waxy rice varieties. Based on PCA, rice breeders can now rely on three nutrient factors, protein, DFI, and AC/AP, to redesign whole-grain pigmented rice to achieve consumer acceptance and well-being.
The peritumoral edema index and related mechanisms influence the prognosis of GBM patients
Authors: Fang Zhansheng , Shu Ting , Luo Pengxiang , Shao Yiqing , Lin Li , Tu Zewei , Zhu Xingen , Wu Lei
Published: October 2024

Background

Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) represents a characteristic phenotype of intracranial gliomas. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the prognosis and mechanism of PTBE. In this study, clinical imaging data, along with publicly available imaging data, were utilized to assess the prognosis of PTBE in glioblastoma (GBM) patients, and the associated mechanisms were preliminarily analyzed.

Methods

We investigated relevant imaging features, including edema, in GBM patients using ITK-SNAP imaging segmentation software. Risk factors affecting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using a Cox proportional hazard regression model. In addition, the impact of PTBE on PFS and OS was analyzed in clinical GBM patients using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis method, and the results further validated by combining data from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Finally, functional enrichment analysis based on TCIA and TCGA datasets identified several pathways potentially involved in the mechanism of edema formation.

Results

This study included a total of 32 clinical GBM patients and 132 GBM patients from public databases. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that age and edema index (EI) are independent risk factors for PFS, but not for OS. Kaplan–Meier curves revealed consistent survival analysis results between IE groups among both clinical patients and TCIA and TCGA patients, suggesting a significant effect of PTBE on PFS but not on OS. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis predicted the involvement of several pathways related mainly to cellular bioenergetics and vasculogenic processes in the mechanism of PTBE formation. While these novel results warrant confirmation in a larger patient cohort, they support good prognostic value for PTBE assessment in GBM.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that a low EI positively impacts disease control in GBM patients, but this does not entirely translate into an improvement in OS. Multiple genes, signaling pathways, and biological processes may contribute to the formation of peritumoral edema in GBM through cytotoxic and vascular mechanisms.
Factors affecting lymphedema after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and axillary dissection in female breast cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study based on the Chinese population
Authors: Fu Jianqin , Chen Ruiliang , He Lijuan , Bao Liqun , Lin Zhaodi , Jiang Weijing , Zhang Jie , Wang Chuan , Lin Yanjuan
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a common complication among breast cancer survivors. Most BCRL studies have focused on patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, with relatively little attention paid to BCRL in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with BCRL in Chinese women undergoing NAC and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).

Methods

At our institution, this cohort study collected data from 336 women with breast cancer and documented axillary nodal metastasis at diagnosis, who received NAC and ALND surgery between 2015 and 2020. BCRL was assessed through both objective limb circumference measurements and subjective self-reported symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify risk factors for BCRL, considering clinical, demographic, and lifestyle-related characteristics.

Results

The cumulative incidence of BCRL within 2.5 years was 43.75%. Factors independently associated with BCRL included radiotherapy (versus no radiotherapy; hazard ratio (HR) = 1.611; P = 0.020), NAC duration of 105 days or shorter (versus 105-143 days; HR = 0.471; P = 0.020), removal of more than 15 lymph nodes (versus 15 or fewer lymph nodes; HR = 1.593; P = 0.036), drainage duration of 20-29 days (versus 10-19 days; HR = 1.568; P = 0.028), and sleeping biased toward the affected arm (versus sleeping biased toward the healthy arm; HR = 2.033; P = 0.019).

Conclusion

This study identified several risk factors for BCRL in breast cancer patients following NAC and ALND. Patients presenting with one or more of these factors should be monitored closely for early detection and intervention. Further research is warranted to explore the impact of drainage duration and sleep position on the development of BCRL.
Preoperative subjective impairments in language and memory in brain tumor patients
Authors: Rybka Lena , Jonkers Roel , Burzlaff Milena , Rosenstock Tizian , Vajkoczy Peter , Picht Thomas , Faust Katharina , Rofes Adrià
Published: October 2024

Background

Subjective reports can reveal relevant information regarding the nature of the impairment of brain tumor patients, unveiling potential gaps in current assessment practices. The co-occurrence of language and memory impairments has been previously reported, albeit scarcely. The aim of this study is therefore to understand the co-occurrence of subjective language and memory complaints in the preoperative state of brain tumor patients and its impact on Quality of Life (QoL).

Methods

31 brain tumor patients (12 LGG, 19 HGG) underwent a semi-structured interview to assess subjective complaints of language deficits, co-occurrences between language and memory dysfunction, and changes in QoL. Group and subgroup analyses were conducted to provide general and tumor grade specific data.

Results

48.4% of patients mentioned co-occurrence of language and memory impairments in reading, writing, and conversation. The HGG group reported co-occurrences in all three of these (reading: 31.6%; writing: 21.1%; conversation: 26.3%), while the LGG only described co-occurrences in reading (25%) and conversation (8.3%), although these were not statistically significant. All patients with co-occurring language and memory deficits reported these to be linked to reduced QoL (48.4%). In patients with an HGG, this number was slightly higher (52.6%) than in patients with an LGG (41.7%).

Conclusion

Language impairments co-occur with memory dysfunction as perceived in patients’ daily life. Patients see these impairments as affecting their quality of life. Further attention to dedicated language and memory tasks seems necessary.
Predictive modeling of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants: the impact of new diagnostic standards
Authors: Tang Lijun , Wu Weibin , Huang Weimin , Bi Guangliang
Published: October 2024

Aim

To provide a risk prediction for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants under the new diagnostic criteria and establish a prediction model.

Methods

In this study, we retrospectively collected case data on preterm infants admitted to the NICU from August 2015 to August 2018. A lasso analysis was performed to identify the risk factors associated with the development of BPD. A nomogram predictive model was constructed in accordance with the new diagnostic criteria for BPD.

Result

A total of 276 preterm infants were included in the study.The incidence of BPD under the 2018 diagnostic criteria was 11.2%. Mortality was significantly higher in the BPD group than the non-BPD group under the 2018 diagnostic criteria (P < 0.05). Fourteen possible variables were selected by the Lasso method, with a penalty coefficient λ=0.0154. The factors that eventually entered the logistic regression model included birth weight [BW, OR = 0.9945, 95% CI: 0.9904–0.9979], resuscitation way (OR = 4.8249, 95% CI: 1.3990–19.4752), intrauterine distress (OR = 8.0586, 95% CI: 1.7810–39.5696), score for SNAPPE-II (OR = 1.0880, 95% CI: 1.0210–1.1639), hematocrit (OR = 1.1554, 95% CI: 1.0469–1.2751) and apnea (OR = 7.6916, 95% CI: 1.4180–52.1236). The C-index after adjusting for fitting deviation was 0.894.

Conclusion

This study made a preliminary exploration of the risk model for early prediction of BPD and indicated good discrimination and calibration in premature infants.
Relationship between thyroid function and lipid atherogenic profile in pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19
Authors: Calcaterra Valeria , De Santis Raffaella , Braghieri Davide , Zanelli Sara , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Concurrent alterations in the metabolic profile and thyroid dysfunction, including non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) has been reported in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Considering the influence of thyroid hormones (TH) on lipid metabolism, we explored the relationship between thyroid function and the atherogenic lipid profile in children with MIS-C at admission and during a 12-month follow-up.

Patients and methods

we considered children admitted for MIS-C. Total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin as well as free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), and TSH were assessed at diagnosis within 24 h of admission and during follow-up. TG/HDL ratio, no-HDL/HDL ratio and atherogenic index of plasma was also considered as atherogenic risk markers.

Results

we monitored 56 children. On admission, pathological levels of FT3, FT4, TSH, TG, TC, HDL, TG/HDL ratio, no-HDL/HDL ratio, and AIP were detected. Correlation analyses revealed associations between FT3, FT4, and lipid markers and TSH with TG. During monitoring, while complete restoration of TH balance was achieved at 12 months, some patients still exhibited an altered lipid profile, without correlation between thyroid function and lipid markers.

Conclusions

we supported a relationship between thyroid function and an atherogenic lipid profile in children with MIS-C. This may result from interactions between adaptive and innate metabolic responses and genetic predisposition. Elucidating the relationship between TH and metabolic pathways during infections could help identify new biomarkers to prevent acute and fatal outcomes, improving patient prognosis and protecting long-term health.
Low plasma levels of BTLA and LAG-3 before HCV therapy are associated with metabolic disorders after HCV eradication in persons with HIV/HCV coinfection: a retrospective study
Authors: Martín-Escolano Rubén , Virseda-Berdices Ana , Berenguer Juan , González-García Juan , Brochado-Kith Oscar , Fernández-Rodríguez Amanda , Díez Cristina , Hontañon Victor ,   The Marathon Study Group, Resino Salvador , Jiménez-Sousa María Ángeles
Published: October 2024

Background

Understanding the predictors of metabolic disorders in persons with HIV/HCV coinfection post-HCV therapy is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Since immune checkpoint proteins are usually upregulated in these persons with HIV/HCV coinfection, we aimed to evaluate the association between plasma immune checkpoint proteins at baseline (before HCV therapy) and metabolic disturbances during the follow-up (about 5 years after successful HCV treatment) in persons with HIV/HCV coinfection.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study on 80 persons with HIV/HCV coinfection with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis who cleared HCV infection after successful HCV therapy and were followed for about 5 years after completion of HCV treatment. Plasma samples were collected at baseline. Immune checkpoint proteins were analyzed using a Luminex 200™ analyzer. Outcomes were the development of a metabolic event (type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidemia) and the change in Triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index.

Results

During follow-up, 21 (26%) patients developed metabolic events (type 2 diabetes mellitus/dyslipidemia), and 29 (46.0%) patients had an increase in TyG during the follow-up. Low baseline values of BTLA and LAG-3, two immune checkpoint proteins, were associated with the development of metabolic events (aAMR = 0.69 and aAMR = 0.71, respectively) and with increases in TyG values (aAMR = 0.72 and aAMR = 0.70, respectively). In addition, other immune checkpoint proteins were also inversely associated with increases in TyG.

Conclusion

We discovered that low plasma levels of BTLA and LAG-3 before HCV therapy significantly correlate with an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders after treatment.
Anti-inflammatory effects of para-quinone methide derivatives on ulcerative colitis
Authors: Qiu Yue , Li Xin , Zhang Xu , Wang Xiaotong , Wang Xuekun , Yang Jie , Liu Guoyun
Published: October 2024

A series of para-quinone methide derivatives were evaluated their anti-inflammatory activity. Through the screening of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cell model in Raw264.7 cells, it was found that the inhibitory activity of meta-substituted derivatives on NO production was superior to that of ortho- and para-substituted derivatives. Among them, in the inflammatory cell model, the meta-trifluoromethyl substituted para-quinone methide derivative 1i had the best activity in inhibiting LPS-induced excess generation of NO. And 1i could effectively inhibit the increase of ROS in inflammatory cells, the expression of iNOS related to the production of NO, and the expressions of inflammation related initiating protein TLR4, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, inflammasome NLRP3 and Caspase1. In the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mouse model, the active derivative 1i could inhibit DSS-induced colon shortening, and reverse DSS-induced pathological changes in colon tissue, such as inflammatory infiltration, structural destruction and crypt disappearance. 1i could effectively inhibit oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in UC mice. Moreover, through the determination of serum biochemical indicators, tissue pathologies and tissue organ indexes, 1i could effectively reverse the damage to mouse liver and kidney caused by DSS, playing a protective role in liver and kidney of mice. In summary, 1i was an effective anti-inflammatory reagent and could be developed as a potential drug for anti-UC.
Clinical implication of electrocardiogram change in patients experiencing lung transplantation with end stage lung disease
Authors: Leem Ah Young , Yu Hee Tae , Sung MinDong , Chung Kyung Soo , Kim Yeonkyeong , Woo Ala , Kim Song Yee , Park Moo Suk , Kim Young Sam , Yang Young Ho , Kim Ha Eun , Lee Jin Gu , Kim Kyuseok , Kim Kyu Bom , Joung Boyoung , Park Junbeom , Lee Su Hwan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

End-stage lung disease causes cardiac remodeling and induces electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. On the other way, whether lung transplantation (LTx) in end-stage lung disease patients are associated with ECG change is unknown. The object of this study was to investigate ECG changes before and after LTx in end-stage lung disease patients and whether these changes had clinical significance.

Method

This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of 280 end-stage lung disease patients who consecutively underwent LTx at a tertiary referral hospital. ECG findings before LTx and within 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months after LTx were obtained and analyzed. To find clinical meaning, the ECG at 1 month after LTx was analyzed according to 1-year survival (survivor vs non-survivor groups). Survival data were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Significant differences were observed in the PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, QTc interval, and heart rate before LTx and 1 month after LTx; the PR interval, QRS duration, QTc interval, and heart rate were decreased. Particularly, the QTc interval was significantly decreased 1 month after LTx, whereas there was no significant change in the QTc interval from 1 to 6 months thereafter. The PR interval, QT interval, QTc interval, and heart rate were significantly different between the survivor and non-survivor groups. The serial changes in QTc interval before LTx and 1 and 3 months after LTx were also significantly different between the survivor and non-survivor groups (p = 0.040 after adjusting for age and body mass index). Upon dividing the patients based on the range of QTc interval change ≤ -8 ms, >-8–10 ms, >10–35 ms, >35 ms), the survival rate was significantly lower in the group whose QTc interval at 1 month after LTx decreased by > 35 m (p = 0.019).

Conclusion

LTx in patients with end-stage lung disease may induce ECG changes. Patients whose QTc interval at 1 month after LTx decreased by > 35 ms have a significantly higher 1-year mortality rate. Hence, these ECG changes may have clinical and prognostic significance.
Effect of soil and community factors on the yield and medicinal quality of Artemisia argyi growth at different altitudes of the Funiu mountain
Authors: Yang Di , Liu Xingqiao , Xu Xinao , Niu Tongfei , Ma Xiaolei , Fu Guozhan , Song Chengwei , Hou Xiaogai
Published: October 2024

Altitude and ecological factors significantly influence plant growth and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. However, current research on the impact of altitude and ecological factors on the yield and medicinal quality of Artemisia argyi (A. argyi) is limited. This study established sampling sites in wild populations of A. argyi across seven altitude ranges on Funiu Mountain. We quantified the yield, output rate of moxa, and key medicinal ingredients. Additionally, we analyzed the response of yield and medicinal quality of wild A. argyi populations to various ecological factors at different altitudes. The results showed that wild populations of A. argyi exhibited higher yields and medicinal quality at altitudes below 500 m. Yield was positively correlated with higher soil total nitrogen (TN) content and lower soil total phosphorus (TP) content, while the improvements in medicinal quality were positively associated with higher population density and lower contents of both soil TN and TP. The variation in soil C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios across different altitudes was substantial, affecting soil mineralization and subsequently influencing the absorption of mineral elements by A. argyi. Notably, the phosphorus content in leaves and stems was negatively correlated with yield and medicinal quality, respectively. In contrast, the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in leaves was positively correlated with yield. The differences in the primary medicinal ingredients between the leaves and stems of A. argyi were maximum at altitudes below 500 m. The contents of neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid in both leaves and stems showed a significant positive correlation. In the principal component analysis, the primary medicinal ingredients from the leaves contributed more significantly to the overall quality than those from stems. These results suggest that A. argyi is best suited for cultivation at altitudes below 500 m. Population density and the soil’s TN and TP contents play a crucial role in determining the yield and medicinal quality of A. argyi. Futhermore, the medicinal quality of A. argyi is more indicative of the main medicinal ingredients found in the leaves, while the stems also serve as a key organ for accumulating flavonoids and phenolic acids.
Enhancing nurse faculty resilience through self-leadership: guidelines for resource mobilization in dynamic academic environments
Authors: Matahela Vhothusa Edward , van Rensburg Gisela Hildegard
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study was to develop guidelines for the facilitation of self-leadership in nurse faculty. Of the 12 guidelines developed, this paper discusses the two related to resilience through self-leadership practices, namely: encouraging reliance on internal sources for self-preservation; and strengthening the positive self-image of nurse faculty through management and peer support. An exploratory, sequential mixed-methods design was used to guide the development of guidelines. Enhancing nurse faculty resilience can be achieved by promoting engagement in self-leadership activities. These activities contribute to faculty members’ profound satisfaction, confidence in their knowledge, and overall competence. Resilience is enriched through practicing self-leadership in a supportive work environment and plays a crucial role in adapting to significant changes in the work environment. It has been identified as a key factor that facilitates the ability to persist against struggles and challenges in the workplace. The implementation of higher education reforms in South Africa has brought about increased workload, stress, and uncertainties to an already overwhelmed nurse faculty workforce, consisting of mainly female faculty. It is prudent that a supportive environment that empowers nurse faculty well-being and resilience be facilitated to ensure adaptation to a dynamic and competitive nursing education environment.
Does ChatGPT have a typical or atypical theory of mind?
Authors: Attanasio Margherita , Mazza Monica , Le Donne Ilenia , Masedu Francesco , Greco Maria Paola , Valenti Marco
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, to imitate human behavioral patterns have been attracting growing interest from experimental psychology. Although ChatGPT can successfully generate accurate theoretical and inferential information in several fields, its ability to exhibit a Theory of Mind (ToM) is a topic of debate and interest in literature. Impairments in ToM are considered responsible for social difficulties in many clinical conditions, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Some studies showed that ChatGPT can successfully pass classical ToM tasks, however, the response style used by LLMs to solve advanced ToM tasks, comparing their abilities with those of typical development (TD) individuals and clinical populations, has not been explored. In this preliminary study, we administered the Advanced ToM Test and the Emotion Attribution Task to ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT-4 and compared their responses with those of an ASD and TD group. Our results showed that the two LLMs had higher accuracy in understanding mental states, although ChatGPT-3.5 failed with more complex mental states. In understanding emotional states, ChatGPT-3.5 performed significantly worse than TDs but did not differ from ASDs, showing difficulty with negative emotions. ChatGPT-4 achieved higher accuracy, but difficulties with recognizing sadness and anger persisted. The style adopted by both LLMs appeared verbose, and repetitive, tending to violate Grice’s maxims. This conversational style seems similar to that adopted by high-functioning ASDs. Clinical implications and potential applications are discussed.
A dynamical optimal control theory and cost-effectiveness analyses of the HBV and HIV/AIDS co-infection model
Authors: Teklu Shewafera Wondimagegnhu , Workie Abushet Hayalu
Published: October 2024

Studies have shown that the co-infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) poses a major threat to the public health due to their combined negative impacts on health and increased risk of complications. Even though, some scholars formulated and analyzed the HBV and HIV co-infection model they did not consider the compartment that contains protected individuals against both HBV and HIV infections. They incorporated the optimal control theory and cost-effectiveness analysis simultaneously. With this in mind, we are motivated to formulate and analyze the HBV and HIV co-infection model, considering the protected group and incorporating optimal control theory and cost-effectiveness. In this study, we have theoretically computed all of the models disease-free equilibrium points, all the models effective reproduction numbers and unique endemic equilibrium points. The two sub-models disease-free equilibrium points are locally as well as globally asymptotically stable whenever their associated effective reproduction numbers are less than one. We reformulated the optimal control problem by incorporating five time-dependent control measures and conducted its theoretical analysis by utilizing the Pontryagin's maximum principle. Using the fourth order Runge–Kutta numerical method and MATLAB ODE45, we performed the numerical simulations with various combinations of control efforts to verify the theoretical results and investigate the impacts of the suggested protection and treatment control strategies for both the HBV and HIV diseases. Also, we carried out a cost-effectiveness analysis of the proposed control strategies. Eventually, we compared our model results with other researcher similar model results whenever cost-effectiveness analysis is not carried out the findings of this particular study suggest that implementing each of the proposed control strategies simultaneously has a high potential to reduce and control the spread of HBV and HIV co-infections in the community. According to the cost-effectiveness analysis, implementing the HBV treatment and the HIV and HBV co-infection treatment measures has a high potential effect on reducing and controlling the HBV and HIV co-infection transmission problem in the community.
Dual group-based trajectories of physical activity and cognitive function in aged over 55: a nationally representative cohort study
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Hu Pei , Ai Yating , Zhou Shi , Li Yucan , Zhou Pengjun , Chen Gao , Wang Yuncui , Hu Hui
Published: October 2024

Background

As individuals age, they commonly experience reduced physical activity and cognitive decline. While evidence, there is limited trajectory research on their concurrent progression and interrelation in individuals over 55 years old.

Methods

The data was collected from 5,765 individuals aged over 55 years who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) between 2011 and 2020. Physical activity was measured by IPAQ, cognitive function by episodic memory, and mental intactness score. Separate sets of group-based trajectory models were fitted to identify physical activity trajectories and cognitive function trajectories. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between baseline characteristics and each set of trajectories. Group-based dual trajectory modeling (GBDTM) was applied to quantify these associations.

Results

GBDTM identified three distinct trajectory groups for physical activity and cognitive outcomes. The physical activity trajectories were classified as “Persistently low physical activity” (74.2%), “Decreasing physical activity” (13.7%), and “Rising physical activity” (12.1%). Similarly, cognitive function trajectories were categorized as “Persistently low cognitive function” (22.2%), “Persistently moderate cognitive function” (37.9%), and “Persistently high cognitive function” (39.9%). Notably, 15.6% of participants followed the trajectories of “Persistently low physical activity” and “Persistently low cognitive function.” The presence of a severe decline in physical activity was associated with an increased likelihood of poor cognitive function and vice versa. Age, sex, education, residential status, BMI, and visual impairment were identified as significant predictors for physical activity and cognitive decline.

Conclusion

This study found that the GBDTM can determine the consistent trajectories of physical activity and cognitive function trajectories that persistently decline in individuals over 55 years. Analyses of predictive factors can be instrumental in promoting physical activity and delaying cognitive decline.
Gendered socio-economic and mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults living in selected informal settlements in Kenya: an intersectional analysis
Authors: Mwanga Daniel M. , Odero Henry Owoko , Kadengye Damazo T. , Odunga Sally Atieno , Muluve Eva , Mugotitsa Bylhah , Wafubwa Ruth Nanjekho , Austrian Karen , Kiwuwa-Muyingo Sylvia
Published: October 2024

Background

COVID-19 pandemic had devastating socio-economic and health effects, including mental health. This study examines the intersectionality between gender and mental health outcomes among Kenyan adults in informal settlements of Nairobi, Kisumu, and Kilifi Counties during the COVID-19 crisis. This is necessary to inform mental health response in case of another pandemic.

Methods

We analyzed data collected in a longitudinal survey between July 2020 (fourth round) and February 2021 (fifth round). The data covered COVID-19-related effects on job loss, food insecurity, access to health services, and mental health. Participants were randomly sampled from existing cohorts at the Population Council. The outcomes of interest were depressive and anxiety disorders, combined into a binary composite outcome variable. Descriptive statistics included means for continuous variables and frequencies and proportions for categorical variables. Chi-square tests were used to examine the differences between groups. The relationship between the gendered COVID-19 socio-economic effects and participants’ mental health was examined using modified Poisson regression.

Results

A total of 4,050 participants were interviewed, 66% female and median age 38 [interquartile range (IQR): 29–46]. Complete income loss was strongly associated with negative mental health outcomes in multiple intersections with varied magnitudes. The association was larger among older females (≥50 years) (PR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.17–1.51, p < 0.001) than older males (PR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.17–1.27, p < 0.001). Partial loss of income was protective against negative mental health outcomes among young males (18–29 years) (PR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.76–0.87, p < 0.001) but linked to negative outcomes among middle-aged males (30–49 years old) (PR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.12–1.16, p < 0.001). Skipping meals was associated with negative mental health outcomes for both genders particularly the married (married male: PR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.22–1.83, p < 0.001; married female: PR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.26–1.60, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

We observed significant gender differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the importance of socio-economic factors and health services access in shaping mental health outcomes. Interventions targeting pandemic-related mental health issues should be gender-sensitive and address economic vulnerabilities such as job losses and food insecurity. Policies to mitigate these effects, especially for at-risk groups are crucial for reducing mental health burden in future crises.