bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantification and characterization of airborne microplastics and their possible hazards: a case study from an urban sprawl in eastern India
Authors: Mandal Mamun , Roy Anamika , Singh Pardeep , Sarkar Abhijit
Published: December 2024

One significant way that microplastics (MPs) are transported from the air into soil and water is through deposition. Nevertheless, little is known about the contributing causes and the geographical distribution of MPs in urban air deposition. The present study determined the spatial distribution of MPs and their potential ecological risk in Malda City, West Bengal, India (from December 2023 to February 2024). The average deposition fluxes of MPs were ranging from 122.25 ± 76.96 to 387 ± 89.23 n m−2 d−1. Most of the MPs were found in small-sized (50–100 µm) with transparent (35.51%) and white (33.19%) in color. The dominant chemical compositions, such as PE (∼32%), PVC (∼24%), and PET (∼20%), and in the case of shapes such as fragments (∼38%) and films (∼29%) were the dominant types of MPs found. The geographic heterogeneity seen in the MPs distribution under investigation was mostly caused by human activity and the regions’ commercial nature. The MPs deposition fluxes are also affected by rainfall and wind speed. MPs in the deposition may provide a greater ecological concern, according to the early evaluation. According to this study, human activity has a major influence on the source and dispersion of atmospheric MPs that are deposited in urban areas.
Can new quality productive forces promote inclusive green growth: evidence from China
Authors: Wang Qi , Chen Xiayang
Published: December 2024

Inclusive green growth (hereafter “IGG”), as a green and intensive development mode that considers both fairness and efficiency, environmental protection and development, is crucial for achieving sustainable development. New quality productive forces (hereafter “NQPFs”) have become a novel and significant factor in promoting IGG. This study aims to examine the connection between NQPFs and IGG. Based on the data from 283 Chinese cities between 2010 and 2021, the “CRITIC-entropy value” objective combination weighting method is adopted to establish comprehensive indicator system of NQPFs and IGG in this paper. The spatiotemporal characteristics, mutual relationship and influencing mechanism of NQPFs and IGG are evaluated based on kernel density function, panel fixed effect model and spatial Durbin model. The results show that both NQPFs and IGG in China have shown a steady upward trend. NQPFs can significantly promote IGG, and economic agglomeration and technological innovation are important approaches to their interaction. In the period of high Internet penetration and in developed cities, the role of NQPFs in promoting IGG is more obvious. There is also a double threshold effect of financial development in this promotion process. With financial development improving, this promotion effect is significantly enhanced. Our research advocates promoting IGG by enhancing NQPFs, thereby protecting the earth’s ecological environment and attaining long-term sustainability of human society.
In-depth analysis of serum antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus lifecycle proteins, and EBNA1, ANO2, GlialCAM and CRYAB peptides in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Vasilenko Nicole , Tieck Maria P. , Michel Tanja , Schembecker Sonja , Schwarz Patricia , Guenther Anna , Ruschil Christoph , Poli Sven , Ziemann Ulf , Giede-Jeppe Antje , Gabernet Gisela , Dulovic Alex , Kowarik Markus C.
Published: December 2024

Background

A strong association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been established but the exact role of EBV in MS remains controversial. Recently, molecular mimicry between EBNA1 and specific GlialCAM, CRYAB and ANO2 peptides has been suggested as a possible pathophysiological mechanism. The aim of this study was to analyse anti-EBV antibodies in MS patients against (I) EBV lifecycle proteins, (II) putative cross-reactive peptides, and (III) during treatment.

Methods

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 258 serum samples were included consisting of EBV-negative (n = 25) and EBV-positive (n = 36) controls, 192 MS samples including untreated relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) with and without relapses, secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS) patients, and 106 patients on 8 different treatment regimens. IgG and IgM antibody titers against EBV docking/fusion proteins (gp350, gh/gp42, gh/gL/gp42), immediate early antigen (BZLF1), early antigens (EA p85, EA P138, EA P54), capsid antigens (VCA P18, VCA P23, VCA gp125) and late antigens (EBNA1) were measured. Specific EBNA1 and GlialCAM, CRYAB and ANO2 peptides were synthesized and also incorporated in our custom magnetic bead based multiplex assay.

Results

We observed significantly elevated IgG antibody titers in EBV-positive controls, RRMS with and without relapse, SPMS and PPMS patients for all lifecycle antigens except for several early antigens when compared to EBV-negative controls. Significantly higher IgG antibody titers were observed in RRMS patients for fusion proteins and EBNA1 peptides when compared to EBV-positive controls. An MS specific response was observed for ANO2 but not for GlialCAM or CRYAB. No significant treatment effects or a specific IgM response were detectable.

Conclusion

The MS-specific, differential antibody response to EBV antigens confirms an altered immunological response to EBV in MS patients. EBV reactivation does not appear to play an important role in MS pathogenesis and no differential antibody signatures were observed between MS disease phases. The MS-specific anti-ANO2 antibody response suggests a potential role for EBNA1 as an antigenic driver, although the exact role of anti-ANO2 antibodies needs to be determined. The precise pathophysiological role of EBV in MS remains uncertain and requires further investigation.
Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 modulates pulmonary and neurological inflammation in an IL-22 knock-out organic dust exposure mouse model
Authors: Threatt Alissa N. , White Jade , Klepper Nathan , Brier Zachary , Dean Logan S. , Ibarra Ash , Harris Macallister , Jones Kaylee , Wahl Maëlis J. L. , Barahona Melea , Oyewole Emmanuel O. , Pauly Morgan , Moreno Julie A. , Nordgren Tara M.
Published: December 2024

Agriculture dust contains many organic immunogenic compounds, and organic dust exposure is strongly associated with the development of immune-mediated chronic pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chronic organic dust exposure from agriculture sources induces chronic lung inflammatory diseases and organic dust exposure has recently been linked to an increased risk of developing dementia. The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22) has been established as an important mediator in the resolution and repair of lung tissues. The omega-3 fatty acid metabolite aspirin-triggered Resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) has shown efficacy in modulating the immune response in both pulmonary and neurological inflammation but has not been explored as a therapeutic in organic dust exposure-induced neuroinflammation. Investigating the link between IL-22 and AT-RvD1 may help in developing effective therapies for these immune-mediated diseases. We aimed to investigate the link between organic dust exposure and neuroinflammation, the role of IL-22 in the pulmonary and neurological immune response to organic dust exposure, and the immune-modulating therapeutic applications of AT-RvD1 in an IL-22 knock-out mouse model of organic dust exposure. C57BL/6J (WT) and IL-22 knock-out (KO) mice were repetitively exposed to aqueous agriculture organic dust extract (DE) 5 days per week for 3 weeks (15 total instillations) and treated with AT-RvD1 either once per week (3 total injections) or 5 times per week (15 total injections) for 3 weeks and allowed to recover for 3 days. We observed a significant pulmonary and neurological immune response to DE characterized by the development of inducible bronchus associated lymphoid tissue in the lung and gliosis in the frontal areas of the brain. We also observed that IL-22 knock-out increased pulmonary and neurological inflammation severity. Animals exposed to DE and treated with AT-RvD1 displayed reduced lung pathology severity and gliosis. Our data demonstrate that DE exposure contributes to neurological inflammation and that IL-22 is crucial to effective tissue repair processes. Our data further suggest that AT-RvD1 may have potential as a novel therapeutic for organic dust exposure-induced, immune-mediated pulmonary and neurological inflammation, improving outcomes of those with these diseases.
CD19 CAR-T cell therapy: a new dawn for autoimmune rheumatic diseases?
Authors: Rangel-Peláez Carlos , Martínez-Gutiérrez Laura , Tristán-Manzano María , Callejas José Luis , Ortego-Centeno Norberto , Martín Francisco , Martín Javier
Published: December 2024

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis, involve dysregulated immune responses causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Despite advancements in clinical management, many patients do not respond to current treatments, which often show limited efficacy due to the persistence of autoreactive B cells. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, which has shown success in oncology for B cell malignancies, targets specific antigens and involves the adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T cells. CD19 CAR-T cells, in particular, have shown promise in depleting circulating B cells and achieving clinical remission. This review discusses the potential of CD19 CAR-T cells in ARDs, highlighting clinical achievements and addressing key considerations such as optimal target cell populations, CAR construct design, acceptable toxicities, and the potential for lasting immune reset, crucial for the safe and effective adoption of CAR-T cell therapy in autoimmune treatments.
Targeting liver cancer stem cells: the prognostic significance of MRPL17 in immunotherapy response
Authors: Shao Jingjing , Zhao Tianye , Liu Jibin , Kang Peipei
Published: December 2024

Background

Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) ranks as the foremost cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and its early detection poses considerable challenges. Current prognostic indicators, including alpha-fetoprotein, have notable limitations in their clinical utility, thereby underscoring the necessity for discovering new biomarkers to improve early diagnosis and enable personalized treatment options.

Method

This investigation employed single-cell analysis techniques to identify stem cell-associated genes and assess their prognostic significance for LIHC patients, as well as the efficacy of immunotherapy, utilizing nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) cluster analysis. A diagnostic model for LIHC was developed and validated through multiple datasets and various machine learning clustering methods. The XGBOOST algorithm identified MRPL17 as the most significant prognostic gene among those associated with stem cells. Additionally, the research explores the relationship between MRPL17 expression and immune cell infiltration. Immunofluorescence staining of LIHC tissue samples was conducted to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of MRPL17, as well as its correlation with KI67.

Results

Through single-cell analysis, this study identified 14 essential stem cell-related genes, highlighting their significance in the diagnosis, prognostication, and potential treatment strategies for LIHC patients. Various machine learning algorithms indicated that MRPL17 is particularly associated with patient prognosis and responses to immunotherapy. Furthermore, experimental results demonstrate that MRPL17 is upregulated in LIHC and correlates with poor prognosis, as well as positively correlating with KI67.

Conclusion

Cancer stem cells are pivotal in the mechanisms of immune evasion within the tumor microenvironment and have a substantial impact on treatment results. This study experimentally validated MRPL17 as a promising prognostic biomarker, emphasizing the need to target liver cancer stem cells to improve patient prognosis and enhance treatment effectiveness.
Unveiling concentrations of trace elements in the Lower Indus River: risks to aquatic life and human health
Authors: Boota Muhammad Waseem , Soomro Shan-e-hyder , Xia Haoming , Qin Yaochen , Idrees Muhammad Bilal , Yousaf Ayesha
Published: December 2024

Concentration of trace elements (CTEs) is a significant environmental concern worldwide. This study assessed CTE levels in the Lower Indus River (LIR) by analyzing CTEs in water, sediments, tissues of fish (Cirrhinus mrigala), and macrophytes using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The study shows that CTE range—arsenic (As, 58.7–112.1 μg/L), lead (Pb, 59.9–95.6 μg/L), cadmium (Cd, 3.8–8.1 μg/L), nickel (Ni, 40.9–63.4 μg/L), and zinc (Zn, 590.7–847.6 μg/L)—and water parameters (temperature, pH, COD, BOD, turbidity, and alkalinity) exceeded WHO (World Health Organization) acceptable limits. The CTEs (mg/kg dried basis) were analyzed in fish tissues, and As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn have the following accumulation order: liver > gill > muscle. In contrast, Ag and Pb were present in higher amounts in gills than in the liver (gill > liver > muscle). Prediction of bioavailability of CTEs, with the extraction of sediment load with EDTA, revealed that As, Cd, and Zn were among the most bioavailable elements in the LIR. Health risk assessment indicated that the presence of CTEs in the fish could pose potential adverse health effects on humans. The study emphasizes significant ecological and health concerns due to fish consumption in the affected region, noting high risks of non-carcinogenic effects. These insights are essential for policymakers and stakeholders in Sindh Province to manage and reduce trace element pollution.
Abdominal lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a man presenting with gastrointestinal hemorrhage as the first manifestation: a case report
Authors: Zi Ying , Shi Yuchen , Shi Rongjie
Published: December 2024

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, low-grade malignant condition that typically affects women of childbearing age and primarily involves the lungs. While cases involving males and affecting the gastrointestinal tract are exceedingly uncommon. This report discusses an unusual case of abdominal LAM in a male patient with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The patient, a 70-year-old man, had been experiencing recurrent abdominal pain, occasional black stools, dizziness, and fatigue for over a month before being admitted to the hospital. Diagnostic electronic gastroscopy identified ulcers in the gastric and duodenal bulb with hemorrhage. An abdominal CT scan revealed multiple cystic foci in the retroperitoneum and mesentery, but no masses were found. Despite receiving medical treatment, the patient continued to have black stools and eventually underwent laparoscopic distal subtotal gastrectomy. The pathological results of the excised distal gastric specimens showed LAM-like lesions in the submucosal layer of the pylorus, mesentery of the side of the lesser curvature of the stomach, and small intestine, leading to a diagnosis of abdominal LAM. However, even after the surgery, the patient still experienced recurrent black stools and developed new symptoms of chest tightness and shortness of breath. A follow-up chest CT revealed bilateral pleural effusion and multiple lung cysts, indicating a worsening condition. The patient was then prescribed oral Sirolimus, which resulted in an improvement in symptoms, including black stool, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. This case report provides a detailed account of the progression of an unusual gastrointestinal LAM case and suggests that a combination of surgery and Sirolimus may be effective in managing the condition.
Trends and hotspots of stereoelectroencephalogram from 2002 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Tianren , Dong Hengxin , Li Kaiwei , Feng Tao , Yang Yanfeng , Chen Sichang , Lu Di , Wei Penghu , Shan Yongzhi , Zhao Guoguang
Published: December 2024

Background

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), as a minimally invasive method that can stably collect intracranial electroencephalographic information over long periods, has increasingly been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of intractable epilepsy in recent years. Over the past 20 years, with the advancement of materials science and computer science, the application scenarios of SEEG have greatly expanded. Bibliometrics, as a method of scientifically analyzing published literature, can summarize the evolutionary process in the SEEG field and offer insights into its future development prospects.

Methods

This article selected all the literature records retrieved on November 4, 2024, from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The search terms were as follows: “Stereo-electroencephalography” or “Stereo electroencephalography” or “Stereo-EEG” or “Stereo EEG” or “SEEG.” The document types included were research articles and reviews. For analysis, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package “bibliometrix” were employed to analyze various aspects of the SEEG field, including authors, institutions, countries and regions, and research hotspots.

Results

We reviewed a total of 1,383 non-duplicate literature records from 2002 to 2023, including 1,241 research articles, 116 review articles and 26 letters. Observing the annual publication trends, there has been an overall increase since 2002. The most influential journal in this field is Epilepsia. Other journals with considerable impact include Clinical Neurophysiology, Epileptic Disorders, Epilepsy Research, NeuroImage, and Epilepsy & Behavior. The top 5 most influential scholars are Bartolomei F, Tassi L, Nobili L, Russo GL, and Mc Gonigal A. As for the analysis of countries and regions, France occupies a leading position in this field with its early start, while China and the United States have also emerged as focal points since 2020. Research on SEEG has expanded beyond its initial use for localizing epileptic foci and thermo-coagulation treatments and have been employed as a medium to facilitate real-time prediction of epileptic seizures and enabling the exploration of brain network connectivity.

Conclusion

As a minimally invasive tool for collecting intracranial electroencephalographic signals, SEEG continues to offer vast potential for development and application. Advances in electrode materials and robotic-assisted stereotactic techniques, have enabled SEEG to simultaneously sample multiple brain regions, acquire electrical signals from deep brain structures. These advantages significantly enhance the precision of epileptic focus localization in diagnosis and treatment, addressing the limitations of subdural electrodes. Through bibliometric analysis, this paper traces the developmental trajectory of SEEG and identifying key technological milestones, thereby providing a reference for scholarly research directions.
The cGAS-STING pathway in ischemia-reperfusion injury in acute cerebral infarction: a new therapeutic opportunities?
Authors: Hu Jun , Tian Mengxiang
Published: December 2024

The innate immune response is the body's first line of defense against external pathogens and endogenous damage signals. The cGAS-STING pathway is a crucial component of the innate immune response, playing a key role in initiating antiviral and anti-infective immune responses by recognizing cytosolic DNA. Acute cerebral infarction is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, with the primary treatment approach being the restoration of blood flow to ischemic brain tissue. However, reperfusion injury remains a significant challenge during treatment. The overactivation of the cGAS-STING pathway and its association with ischemia-reperfusion injury have been confirmed in numerous studies. This article will systematically elucidate the mechanisms of the cGAS-STING pathway, its role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in acute cerebral infarction, the current research status of cGAS-STING inhibitors, and the application of nanomaterials in this context, evaluating the therapeutic potential of this pathway.
Exploring how researchers consider nutrition trial design and participant adherence: a theory-based analysis
Authors: Worthington Anna , Coffey Taylor , Gillies Katie , Roy Rajshri , Braakhuis Andrea
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Nutrition trials are important for informing dietary and clinical guidelines. Central to the success of these trials is participant adherence to dietary behaviors. However, trials commonly experience poor adherence. This study seeks to understand if and how researchers consider supporting participant adherence to dietary behaviors and their relationship to using behavior change science when designing trials.

Methods

A mapping exercise was undertaken to create matrices that describe the landscape of current nutrition trials. A total of 12 researchers participated in semi-structured, one-on-one interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using (i) the theoretical domains framework (TDF) to identify themes in current practice and beliefs, and (ii) the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior model to identify barriers and enablers to using behavior change science in the design of nutrition trials.

Results

Twenty-two belief statements were identified across all 14 TDF domains and were conceptualized as 5 key themes with respect to designing nutrition trials to improve participant adherence: (i) what was done, (ii) how it was done, (iii) why it was done, (iv) adherence challenges, and (v) conflicting beliefs. Regarding using behavior change science when designing trials, some researchers felt this would be beneficial but lacked the knowledge and skills to do so, while others were skeptical of its value over the current experience-based practice.

Discussion

Researchers are motivated to encourage participant adherence to dietary behaviors, and, consciously and subconsciously, implement a range of strategies through non-systematic methods in their trials. Future publications would benefit from the explicit documentation of levels of adherence to dietary behaviors and strategies implemented to improve adherence.
Based on the N2N-SAMP for sparse underwater acoustic channel estimation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wang Maofa , Wang Yangzhen , Zhu Zhenjing , Shang Guangtao , Zhao Jiabao , Hu Ning
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is widely recognized for its high efficiency in modulation techniques and has been extensively applied in underwater acoustic communication. However, the unique sparsity and noise interference characteristics of the underwater channel pose significant challenges to the performance of traditional channel estimation methods.

Methods

To address these challenges, we propose a sparse underwater channel estimation method that combines the Noise2Noise (N2N) algorithm with the Sparsity Adaptive Matching Pursuit (SAMP) algorithm. This novel approach integrates the N2N technique from image denoising theory with the SAMP algorithm, utilizing a constant iteration termination threshold that does not require prior information. The method leverages the U-net neural network structure to denoise noisy pilot signals, thereby restoring channel sparsity and enhancing the accuracy of channel estimation.

Results

Simulation results indicate that our proposed method demonstrates commendable channel estimation performance across various signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Notably, in low SNR environments, the N2N-SAMP algorithm significantly outperforms the traditional SAMP algorithm in terms of Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Bit Error Rate (BER). Specifically, at SNR levels of 0 dB, 10 dB, and 20 dB, the MSE of channel estimation is reduced by 58.95%, 76.08%, and 19.42%, respectively, compared to the SAMP algorithm that selects the optimal threshold based on noise power. Furthermore, the system’s BER is decreased by 12.35%, 26.41%, and 29.62%, respectively.

Discussion

The findings suggest that the integration of N2N and SAMP algorithms offers a promising solution for improving channel estimation in underwater communication channels, especially under low SNR conditions. The significant reduction in MSE and BER highlights the effectiveness of our proposed method in enhancing the reliability and accuracy of underwater communication systems.
Standard requirements for clinical very high energy electron and ultra high dose rate medical devices
Authors: Pensavalle J. H. , Di Martino F. , Cavalieri A. , Celentano M. , De Gregorio A. , Di Francesco M. , Franciosini G. , Galluzzo L. , Masturzo L. , Milluzzo G. , Montay-Gruel P. , Paiar F. , Pantaleoni M. , Patera V. , Pioli S. , Poortmans P. , Romano F. , Sarti A. , Subiel A. , Vannozzi A. , Felici G.
Published: December 2024

Very High-Energy Electrons (VHEE) present a promising innovation in radiation therapy (RT), particularly for the treatment of deep-seated tumors using Ultra High Dose Rate (UHDR) within the framework of FLASH-RT. VHEE offers significant advantages, such as improved tumor targeting, reduced treatment times, and potential utilization of the FLASH effect, which may minimize normal tissue toxicity. However, the lack of an international technical standard for VHEE systems, especially for UHDR applications, remains a critical challenge. Current standards for radiation therapy equipment, such as IEC 60601-2-1 and IEC 60601-2-64, do not encompass VHEE technology. This regulatory gap underscores the need for developing a structured international standard to ensure the basic safety and essential performance of VHEE medical devices. Addressing this challenge requires overcoming complex dose delivery issues, such as the interaction of multiple fields and beam conformality and incorporating novel techniques like broad beam or pencil beam scanning. Establishing comprehensive regulatory standards is essential to ensure patient safety, consistent treatment practices, and the successful clinical integration of VHEE systems. These standards must encompass design guidelines, radiation protection protocols, and integration with existing oncology practices. Collaborative research and development efforts are crucial to formulating evidence-based guidelines, fostering the safe and effective use of VHEE in clinical settings. By addressing these challenges, VHEE technology has the potential to revolutionize cancer therapy, particularly for deep-seated tumors, while enhancing therapeutic outcomes for patients.
Leaf functional traits highlight phenotypic variation of two tree species in the urban environment
Authors: Cho Ahram , Dziedzic Nicole , Davis Aria , Hanson Cindy , Lee Jangho , Nunez-Mir Gabriela C. , Gonzalez-Meler Miquel A.
Published: December 2024

Urbanization is transforming landscapes globally, altering environmental conditions that affect ecosystem functioning, particularly in urban areas where trees are crucial for regulating microclimates, improving air quality, and sustaining biodiversity. This study investigates the environmental differences and tree leaf structure and morphology in urban and suburban sites in the Chicago Metropolitan Region. The leaf functional traits of Norway Maple and Little − leaved Linden were studied in three locations in the summer of 2023: an urban park (University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL), a suburban park (Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL), and a suburban residential site (Lombard, IL). The urban site had higher daytime and nighttime air, and land surface temperatures compared to the suburban sites with significant fluctuations observed across the sites. Cumulative growing degree days, a measure of potential photosynthetically active days, were also higher in the urban park than in the suburban sites between March and August. Norway Maple trees growing in the urban site displayed higher specific leaf area (SLA) and lower leaf dry matter content (LDMC) than in the suburban sites, resulting in thinner leaves. Similarly, Little−leaved Linden trees in the suburban residential site displayed higher SLA and lower LDMC than those in the suburban park. The values of gas exchange traits − namely photosynthetic assimilation, transpiration rates, and stomatal conductance − of Norway Maple were higher at the urban site compared to suburban sites as temperatures increased during the summer. Norway Maple gas exchange values decreased as the growing season progressed, as expected by ontogeny. In contrast, Little−leaved Linden maintained similar leaf gas exchange values throughout the growing season. Both species in the urban site exhibited lower instantaneous water use efficiency and reduced LDMC, suggesting greater water loss in response to elevated temperatures compared to suburban park and residential sites. Comparisons with existing global trait databases emphasize the need for localized data to accurately capture site−specific responses. Although some traits aligned with database values, others deviated significantly, underscoring the importance of comprehensive, site−specific datasets for robust ecosystem modeling and management strategies.
The influence of parental involvement on students’ math performance: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xueshen , Wei Yun
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Many studies have confirmed that parental involvement can affect students’ academic performance, but few focus on the influence of parental involvement on students’ math performance by using meta-analysis. This meta-analysis investigates the influence of parental involvement on students’ math performance, along with their moderators.

Methods

Through searching Google Scholar, ERIC, EBSCO, Web of Science and ProQuest databases, a total of 25 empirical studies between 2015 to 2024 were published and 42 independent effect sizes were included. The estimation of effect size was obtained by converting the Fisher’s correlation coefficient and investigating the publication bias that affects meta-analysis studies. This study also conducted heterogeneity tests of the magnitudes grouped according to different moderators.

Results and discussion

The results found parental involvement to had a significantly positive influence on the math performance of students. The analysis of moderating variables found participant, involvement type, grade level, geographical region, and evaluation content all had moderating effects. Finally, the research findings were discussed and suggestions were provided for how parents can be more effectively involved in students’ mathematical learning.
The impact of urban agglomeration planning on depression in older adults
Authors: Liu Ya , Yan Li , Wang Yujue , Tang Xiaotang , Gao Ming , Yang Jiayu , Liu Zuoyan , Hu Xiuying
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The residential environment significantly impacts the mental health of older adults. Urban agglomeration planning, while fostering regional economic development, also influences the psychological well-being of this demographic.

Methods

This study investigates the effects of urban agglomeration planning on depression levels in older adults, utilizing cohort data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the multi-temporal double-difference-in-differences (DID) model.

Results

Our findings reveal that urban agglomeration planning alleviates depression by enhancing green spaces, improving air quality, and advancing digital infrastructure development. Moreover, these benefits are particularly pronounced among older females, residents of Central and Western regions, and those with lower educational attainment.

Conclusion

Based on our research findings, we recommend expediting the dissemination of urban agglomeration construction experiences to alleviate depression among older adults. In the implementation of policies, it is essential to consider objective conditions such as geographical location and educational level. The formulation of differentiated urban agglomeration planning to promote mental health among older adults.
Enhancing the health and well-being of international students: insights from changes in their lifestyle post-COVID-19
Authors: Ma Jingru , Saita Kazuya , Kaneko Fumiko , Okamura Hitoshi
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic’s global impact has been profound, particularly for vulnerable populations, such as asylum seekers, refugees, and immigrants. Likewise, international students, who fall under the immigrant category umbrella, have faced considerable challenges throughout the pandemic. This study aimed to identify insights for enhancing Japanese international students’ health and well-being by investigating how epidemic prevention policies implemented by schools and the government influenced changes in their lifestyles during the post-pandemic era.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted and inductive thematic analysis performed using NVivo software, to investigate the lifestyle changes of 20 (8 male and 12 female) international students (mean age: 31.5 years) at Hiroshima University, Japan, during the post-pandemic era.

Results

The analysis revealed alterations in lifestyle habits and interpersonal relationships in the aftermath of the pandemic, with most international students continuing to practice some of the epidemic prevention and health behaviors they had adopted during the pandemic, including handwashing (n = 10), mask-wearing (n = 12), and physical distancing (n = 4), as a matter of habit. However, some of these epidemic prevention and health behaviors have not persisted as habits after the pandemic. However, there has been an increased emphasis on maintaining family relationships (n = 5).

Discussion

Addressing language and information dissemination barriers that international students may encounter when accessing medical services, and providing them with employment guidance and support more suited to their current situation, are conducive to enhancing their health and well-being. Additionally, enhancing international students’ public awareness is crucial for safeguarding their health and preparing them for potential future public health emergencies.
Predicting grip strength-related frailty in middle-aged and older Chinese adults using interpretable machine learning models: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yu Lisheng , Cao Shunshun , Song Botian , Hu Yangyang
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Frailty is an emerging global health burden, and there is no consensus on the precise prediction of frailty. We aimed to explore the association between grip strength and frailty and interpret the optimal machine learning (ML) model using the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) to predict the risk of frailty.

Methods

Data for the study were extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database. Socio-demographic, medical history, anthropometric, psychological, and sleep parameters were analyzed in this study. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to filter the model for the best predictor variables and constructed six ML models for predicting frailty. The feature performance of six ML models was compared based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) model was selected as the best predictive frailty model. We used SHAP to interpret the LightGBM model and to reveal the decision-making process by which the model predicts frailty.

Results

A total of 10,834 eligible participants were included in the study. Using the lowest quartile of grip strength as a reference, grip strength was negatively associated with the risk of frailty when grip strength was >29.00 kg for males or >19.00 kg for females (p < 0.001). The LightGBM model predicted frailty with optimal performance with an AUROC of 0.768 (95% CI 0.741 ~ 0.795). The SHAP summary plot showed that all features predicted frailty in order of importance, with cognitive function being considered the most important predictive feature. The poorer the cognitive function, nighttime sleep duration, body mass index (BMI), and grip strength, the higher the risk of frailty in middle-aged and older adults. The SHAP individual force plot clearly shows that the LightGBM model predicts frailty in the individual decision-making process.

Conclusion

The grip strength-related LightGBM prediction model based on SHAP has high accuracy and robustness in predicting the risk of frailty. Increasing grip strength, cognitive function, nighttime sleep duration, and BMI reduce the risk of frailty and may provide strategies for individualized management of frailty.
Unveiling the effects of land use and intra-seasonal variation on bee and plant diversity and their ecological interactions in vegetation surrounding coffee plantations
Authors: Casiá-Ajché Quebin Bosbely , Escobedo-Kenefic Natalia , Escobar-González Denisse , Cardona Edson , Mejía-Coroy Alfredo , Morales-Siná Javier , Enríquez Eunice , Landaverde-González Patricia
Published: December 2024

Land use, local management, and seasonal variation significantly impact the ecological dynamics of bee–plant communities and their ecological interactions. These variables negatively affect diversity and ecological interaction networks within human-dominated landscapes. Additionally, seasonal variables such as temperature, rainfall, and resource availability across different seasons play essential roles in shaping bee communities and their interactions with flowering plants. However, little is known about how diversity and ecological interaction networks of non-crop plants in agricultural landscapes respond to intra-seasonal variations, specifically within the rainy season. In this study, we assessed how land use types, coffee crop management, and intra-seasonal variation within the rainy season influenced the composition and diversity of bee and plant communities, and their interaction networks in semi-natural habitats surrounding coffee plantations. We recorded the diversity of bees and plants and analysed their interactions networks metrics, such as specialisation, nestedness, modularity, connectance and bee/plant generality, in 8 pairs of sites. Our findings indicate that human settlements negatively influence bee generality, suggesting that human-dominated land and the introduction of exotic plants reduce floral resources for bees, which may decrease bee visitation. In contrast, extensive semi-natural and forested areas seemed to support bee generality. Additionally, we observed higher visit frequency and richness of bees and plant generality during the second period of the rainy season (July to October), leading to more robust bee–plant interaction networks in the same period. This study enhances our understanding of how land-use types and intra-seasonal climatic variation shape structure of bee floral visitor communities and their interactions with flowering plants. Furthermore, our findings underline the negative impact of human-dominated landscapes on the ecological dynamics of plants visited by bees and their interaction networks.
A patient with concurrent EBV-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: a case report
Authors: Satoskar Monika A. , Lordo Matthew R. , Jones Daniel M. , Nowacki Nicholas B. , Brammer Jonathan E. , Reneau John C. , Voorhees Timothy J.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that accounts for approximately a quarter of all lymphomas in the United States. It is rare to have co-occurring T cell lymphoma with DLBCL as they often develop following treatment of DLBCL rather than concomitantly.

Case presentation

We report a 71-year-old male patient diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) -negative DLBCL with concurrent angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). A right inguinal lymph node biopsy demonstrated aggressive B-cell lymphoma consistent with DLBCL with the non-germinal center immunophenotype that was EBV-negative. Furthermore, abnormal T-cells with irregular nuclear contours were found in T cell receptor sequencing with monoclonal gamma and beta T cells. A bone marrow biopsy demonstrated occasional large atypical CD3+PD1+ T cells with corresponding identical T-cell receptor clones in the lymph node biopsy. Next-generation sequencing from the lymph node biopsy demonstrated dual inactivating TET2 mutations.

Conclusion

Composite DLBCL and AITL is a rare occurrence and the absence of EBV is even more so. Given the rare nature of having these two hematologic malignancies simultaneously, no standard of care exists. However, R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) is a regimen commonly used in both malignancies individually, and therefore this patient was treated using this approach achieving a partial remission after four cycles of therapy. Unfortunately, he developed refractory disease 1 month after completion of six cycles of R-CHOP.
Evaluation of a Decentralized Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA Assay for Kidney Allograft Rejection Monitoring
Authors: Loupy Alexandre , Certain Anaïs , Tangprasertchai Narin S. , Racapé Maud , Ursule-Dufait Cindy , Benbadi Kawthar , Raynaud Marc , Vaskova Evgeniya , Marchis Corina , Casas Sílvia , Hague Tim , Bestard Oriol , Kervella Delphine , Lefaucheur Carmen , Viard Thierry , Aubert Olivier
Published: December 2024

Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) is an emerging non-invasive biomarker for allograft injury detection. This study aimed to evaluate a new, decentralized dd-cfDNA testing kit against a centralized dd-cfDNA testing service broadly utilized in the United States. Kidney transplant recipients with decentralized and centralized dd-cfDNA measurements and concomitant kidney allograft biopsies were included in the study. 580 kidney allograft recipients from 3 referral centers were included for 603 total evaluations. Correlation between assays was evaluated using r-squared (r2) and Spearman’s rank correlation test, and associations with rejection using logistic regression analyses and discrimination using area under the curve. Mean dd-cfDNA levels from decentralized and centralized tests were 0.51% ± 0.81% and 0.43% ± 0.78%, respectively. The assays were highly correlated, with r2 = 0.95 and Spearman’s rank correlation 0.88 (p < 0.0001). Both tests showed significant association with allograft rejection (p < 0.0001) and good and similar discriminations to predict rejection (AUC: 0.758 for the decentralized and AUC: 0.760 for the centralized dd-cfDNA; p = 0.8466). Consistency between the assays was also confirmed across clinical scenarios including post-transplant timepoint, allograft stability, and allograft rejection subcategories. This decentralized dd-cfDNA assessment demonstrates high accuracy and value to non-invasively monitor kidney recipients.
Introducing Silencers on Micro Turboshafts Powering Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Totu Andrei-George , Olariu Cristian , Deaconu Marius , Cristea Laurențiu , Drăgășanu Luminița , Sandu Constantin
Published: December 2024

The transition to alternative electrical energy solutions for drone propulsion systems presents several challenges, particularly in managing noise. This noise, compounded by that from the propellers, can produce spectra that are either unpleasant to humans or detrimental to mission objectives. This study explores potential solutions to mitigate noise produced by a micro turboshaft engine, focusing on the solutions’ impact on weight, power output, and acoustic level. We propose two modular, scalable designs—one for the intake and one for the exhaust—based on well-known applications in cold and hot flows. These designs aim to operate effectively across the audible frequency spectrum and incorporate various Helmholtz resonator geometries, including combinations of different lengths, perforated metal sheet parameters, and cavity-filling materials, to enhance bandwidth and noise reduction. Experimental results indicate that these designs can achieve tonal noise reductions of up to 40 dB. While the results are promising, further analysis is required to evaluate the practical applicability and comprehensive impact of these solutions on drone performance.
Racing in Kart Dromes: Laboratory and Site Assessment of Noise Levels from Competition and Rental Karts
Authors: Bevilacqua Antonella , Iannace Gino , Gomez-Agustina Luis , Trematerra Amelia
Published: December 2024

Kart racing is one of the hobbies that people get passionate about from a young age. Kart dromes are commonly built in suburban or rural areas, generally surrounded by industrial zones and sporadic residential buildings. The circuits are primarily active during summer, hosting races that often extend into the evening and night hours, where each race has a duration of 20 min. This study examines the noise generated by kart dromes through acoustic measurements conducted at a kart drome located in southern Italy, where a microphone was placed at the side of the circuit for short periods in addition to a survey conducted at the nearest sensitive receptor. Another survey was conducted within the kart drome for a long-term period to record all of the variations in noise levels of a typical summer day when the races are organized during the nighttime; for this type of data, the hourly average values were taken for one week in June, July, and August, highlighting the increasing trend in the noise levels due to the kart races. However, a detailed analysis of noise emissions during different phases of kart operation revealed two significant acoustic events, such as the acceleration of pass-by peaks centered on high frequencies and strong breaking noise at curves that are centered at low-medium frequencies, causing a whistling noise of the wheels while turning the kart. This paper highlights the increasing trend in noise levels during summer nighttime races, compares on-site measurements with laboratory data, and discusses the implications for local communities and noise regulations.
Microbial Network Complexity Helps to Reduce the Deep Migration of Chemical Fertilizer Nitrogen Under the Combined Application of Varying Irrigation Amounts and Multiple Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Chen Taotao , Cui Erping , Zhang Yanbo , Gao Ge , You Hao , Tian Yurun , Hu Chao , Liu Yuan , Fan Tao , Fan Xiangyang
Published: December 2024

The deep migration of soil nitrogen (N) poses a significant risk of N leaching, contributing to non-point-source pollution. This study examines the influence of microbial networks on the deep migration of chemical fertilizer N under varying irrigation management and multiple N fertilizer sources. A soil column experiment with eight treatments was conducted, utilizing 15N isotope labeling and metagenomic sequencing technology. The findings revealed that reduced irrigation significantly curbs the deep migration of chemical fertilizer N, and straw returning also mitigates this migration under conventional irrigation. Microbial network complexity and stability were markedly higher under reduced irrigation compared to conventional practices. Notably, network node count, average degree, and modularity exhibited significant negative correlations with the deep migration of chemical fertilizer N. The network topology indices, including node count, average clustering coefficient, average degree, modularity, and edge count, were found to be relatively more important for the deep migration of chemical fertilizer N. In conclusion, microbial networks play an important role in reducing the deep migration of chemical fertilizer N.