bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of pressure coefficient on setback building by artificial neural network
Authors: Bairagi Amlan Kumar , Dalui Sujit Kumar
Published: November 2020

The present study predicted the pressure (Cp), drag (Cfy), and lift (Cfx) coefficients on square shape and setback building models. The study considered a conventional (1:1:2) square model, a single side single-setback, and single side double-setback models. It is very challenging to measure the different aerodynamic coefficients on the setback building models for the intermediate wind incidence angles (WIAs). At first, the study calculated the different aerodynamic coefficients by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and then predicted the Cpof intermediate wind angles by the artificial neural network (ANN) method. The Cpfor different WIAs is derived directly from the Cpversus WIAs graph. The study found the double setback model is 4.26% and 0.6% more efficient to resist the drag and lift force compared to the single setback building. Finally, the suggested setback number plays an important role to control the frequency due to pressure and velocity.
QCD challenges from pp to A–A collisions
Authors: Adolfsson J. , Andronic A. , Bierlich C. , Bozek P. , Chakraborty S. , Christiansen P. , Chinellato D. D. , Fries R. J. , Gustafson G. , van Hees H. , Jacobs P. M. , Kim D. J. , Lönnblad L. , Mace M. , Matonoha O. , Mazeliauskas A. , Morsch A. , Nassirpour A. , Ohlson A. , Ortiz A. , Oskarsson A. , Otterlund I. , Paić G. , Perepelitsa D. V. , Plumberg C. , Preghenella R. , Rapp R. , Rasmussen C. O. , Rossi A. , Rueda O. V. , Silva A. V. D. , Silvermyr D. , Timmins A. , Sjöstrand T. , Törnkvist R. , Utheim M. , Vislavicius V. , Wiedemann U. A. , Zapp K. , Zhao W.
Published: November 2020

This paper is a write-up of the ideas that were presented, developed and discussed at the third International Workshop on QCD Challenges from pp to A–A, which took place in August 2019 in Lund, Sweden (Workshop link:https://indico.lucas.lu.se/event/1214/). The goal of the workshop was to focus on some of the open questions in the field and try to come up with concrete suggestions for how to make progress on both the experimental and theoretical sides. The paper gives a brief introduction to each topic and then summarizes the primary results.
Precise predictions for double-Higgs production via vector-boson fusion
Authors: Dreyer Frédéric A. , Karlberg Alexander , Lang Jean-Nicolas , Pellen Mathieu
Published: November 2020

Theoretical predictions with next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD accuracy combined with the next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak (EW) corrections are presented for differential observables of the double-Higgs production process via vector-boson fusion. While the QCD corrections were previously known, the EW ones are computed here for the first time. The numerical results are obtained for a realistic experimental set-up at the LHC and are presented in the form of fiducial cross sections and differential distributions. Within this setup we find that the VBF approximation employed in the NNLO QCD correction is accurate at the sub-percent level. We find that the NLO EW corrections within the fiducial volume are $$-\,6.1\%$$

-

6.1
%

, making them of almost the same order as the NLO QCD corrections. In some kinematic regions they can grow as large as $$-\,30\%$$

-

30
%

making them the dominant radiative corrections. When the EW corrections are combined with the NNLO QCD corrections we find a total correction of $$-\,14.8\%$$

-

14.8
%

. The results presented here thus comprise the state-of-the-art theoretical predicition for the double-Higgs production via vector-boson fusion, which will be of value to the high-luminosity programme at the LHC.
Modified inertia from extended uncertainty principle(s) and its relation to MoND
Authors: Giné Jaume , Luciano Giuseppe Gaetano
Published: November 2020

In this paper we show that Modified Inertia, i.e., the modification of inertia predicted by some alternative theories of gravity at cosmic scales, can be naturally derived within the framework of the extended uncertainty principle (EUP). Specifically, we consider two possible extensions of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP), corresponding to two different deformations of the fundamental commutator: the first one provides the natural generalization of the HUP to the (anti)-de Sitter spacetime and is endowed with only a quadratic correction in the uncertainty position. On the other hand, the second model contains both linear and quadratic extra terms. We prove that modified inertia is a direct consequence of the minimal acceleration experienced by any body due to the cosmic expansion. The obtained results are then discussed in connection with the empirical predictions of Modified Newtonian dynamics (MoND). The requirement of consistency between the two approaches allows us to fix the adjustable constant which marks the transition between the Newtonian and deep-MoND regimes.
Symbol Separation in Double Occurrence Words
Authors: Jonoska Nataša , Saito Masahico , Kim Hwee , Mostowski Brad
Published: November 2020

A double occurrence word (DOW) is a word in which every symbol appears exactly twice. We define the symbol separation of a DOW [Formula: see text] to be the number of letters between the two copies of a symbol, and the separation of [Formula: see text] to be the sum of separations over all symbols in [Formula: see text]. We then analyze relationship among size, reducibility and separation of DOWs. Specifically, we provide tight bounds of separations of DOWs with a given size and characterize the words that attain those bounds. We show that all separation numbers within the bounds can be realized. We present recursive formulas for counting the numbers of DOWs with a given separation under various restrictions, such as the number of irreducible factors. These formulas can be obtained by inductive construction of all DOWs with the given separation.
Evolution-Communication Spiking Neural P Systems
Authors: Wu Tingfang , Lyu Qiang , Pan Linqiang
Published: November 2020

Spiking neural P systems (SNP systems) are a class of distributed and parallel computation models, which are inspired by the way in which neurons process information through spikes, where the integrate-and-fire behavior of neurons and the distribution of produced spikes are achieved by spiking rules. In this work, a novel mechanism for separately describing the integrate-and-fire behavior of neurons and the distribution of produced spikes, and a novel variant of the SNP systems, named evolution-communication SNP (ECSNP) systems, is proposed. More precisely, the integrate-and-fire behavior of neurons is achieved by spike-evolution rules, and the distribution of produced spikes is achieved by spike-communication rules. Then, the computational power of ECSNP systems is examined. It is demonstrated that ECSNP systems are Turing universal as number-generating devices. Furthermore, the computational power of ECSNP systems with a restricted form, i.e. the quantity of spikes in each neuron throughout a computation does not exceed some constant, is also investigated, and it is shown that such restricted ECSNP systems can only characterize the family of semilinear number sets. These results manifest that the capacity of neurons for information storage (i.e. the quantity of spikes) has a critical impact on the ECSNP systems to achieve a desired computational power.
Clover nil restricted Lie algebras of quasi-linear growth
Authors: Petrogradsky Victor
Published: November 2020

The Grigorchuk and Gupta–Sidki groups play a fundamental role in modern group theory. They are natural examples of self-similar finitely generated periodic groups. The author constructed their analogue in case of restricted Lie algebras of characteristic 2 [V. M. Petrogradsky, Examples of self-iterating Lie algebras, J. Algebra 302(2) (2006) 881–886], Shestakov and Zelmanov extended this construction to an arbitrary positive characteristic [I. P. Shestakov and E. Zelmanov, Some examples of nil Lie algebras, J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 10(2) (2008) 391–398].

Now, we construct a family of so called clover 3-generated restricted Lie algebras [Formula: see text], where a field of positive characteristic is arbitrary and [Formula: see text] an infinite tuple of positive integers. All these algebras have a nil [Formula: see text]-mapping. We prove that [Formula: see text]. We compute Gelfand–Kirillov dimensions of clover restricted Lie algebras with periodic tuples and show that these dimensions for constant tuples are dense on [Formula: see text]. We construct a subfamily of nil restricted Lie algebras [Formula: see text], with parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], having extremely slow quasi-linear growth of type: [Formula: see text], as [Formula: see text].

The present research is motivated by construction by Kassabov and Pak of groups of oscillating growth [M. Kassabov and I. Pak, Groups of oscillating intermediate growth. Ann. Math. (2) 177(3) (2013) 1113–1145]. As an analogue, we construct nil restricted Lie algebras of intermediate oscillating growth in [V. Petrogradsky, Nil restricted Lie algebras of oscillating intermediate growth, preprint (2020), arXiv:2004.05157]. We call them Phoenix algebras because, for infinitely many periods of time, the algebra is “almost dying” by having a “quasi-linear” growth as above, for infinitely many [Formula: see text] it has a rather fast intermediate growth of type [Formula: see text], for such periods the algebra is “resuscitating”. The present construction of three-generated nil restricted Lie algebras of quasi-linear growth is an important part of that result, responsible for the lower quasi-linear bound in that construction.
The Effect of Generalized Trust on Cost Stickiness: Cross-Country Evidence
Authors: Hartlieb Sven , Loy Thomas R. , Eierle Brigitte
Published: November 2020

We investigate the impact of an informal social attribute on cost behavior. More specifically, we examine the effect of generalized trust (trust in others) on cost stickiness. Using a large international sample from 44 countries, we find that generalized trust significantly increases cost stickiness. Important rationales for this result are that managers in more trusting societies are more optimistic and are committed to stable, long-term employment relationships. This study makes a significant contribution in understanding cost stickiness differences across the globe. Our results further complement prior research which has found, to the contrary, that trust and cost stickiness are negatively associated at the local level. Hence, our study corroborates the importance of distinguishing between local social capital and global generalized trust concerning their effects on economic outcomes.
ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON 16 MAJOR US FISHERIES
Authors: MOORE CHRIS , MORLEY JAMES W. , MORRISON BRIAN , KOLIAN MICHAEL , HORSCH ERIC , FRÖLICHER THOMAS , PINSKY MALIN L. , GRIFFIS ROGER
Published: November 2020

Observational evidence shows marine species are shifting their geographic distribution in response to warming ocean temperatures. These shifts have implications for the US fisheries and seafood consumers. The analysis presented here employs a two-stage inverse demand model to estimate the consumer welfare impacts of projected increases or decreases in commercial landings for 16 US fisheries from 2021 to 2100, based on the predicted changes in thermally available habitat. The fisheries analyzed together account for 56% of the current US commercial fishing revenues. The analysis compares welfare impacts under two climate scenarios: a high emissions case that assumes limited efforts to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas and a low emissions case that assumes more stringent mitigation. The present value of consumer surplus impacts when discounted at 3% is a net loss of $2.1 billion (2018 US$) in the low emissions case and $4.2 billion in the high emissions scenario. Projected annual losses reach $278–901 million by 2100.
Mechanistic Details of the Spontaneous Intercalation of Li Metal into Graphite Electrodes
Authors: Hogrefe Christin , Hein Simon , Waldmann Thomas , Danner Timo , Richter Karsten , Latz Arnulf , Wohlfahrt-Mehrens Margret
Published: November 2020

The mechanism of the spontaneous intercalation of Li metal into graphite electrodes is highly relevant for aging mechanisms and pre-lithiation of Li-ion cells. In the present work, we introduce a method to investigate this mechanism via measuring the open-circuit-potential (OCP). Experiments without electrolyte, with organic solutions without and with LiPF6 reveal details on the reaction mechanism at 29 °C. The electrodes are investigated by Raman spectroscopy and glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) depth profiling to reveal the spatial distribution of the lithiated phases. The analytical information is enriched by simulations with the Battery and Electrochemistry Simulation Tool (BEST). The combination of tools gives interesting insights into the behavior of negative electrodes regarding re-intercalation of deposited Li into graphite and its kinetics, development of inhomogeneities during aging, as well as pre-lithiation and post-mortem analysis methodology.
Safety of Lithium-Ion Cells and Batteries at Different States-of-Charge
Authors: Joshi Tapesh , Azam Saad , Lopez Carlos , Kinyon Steven , Jeevarajan Judith
Published: November 2020

Lithium-ion cells and batteries pose safety risks along with their favorable characteristics such as high energy and power densities. The numerous differences in chemistries and form-factors along with poor manufacturing quality in some cases, can lead to unpredictable field failures with this battery chemistry. The safety of lithium-ion cells and batteries at various states of charge (SOC) has not been studied comprehensively in the past and the goal of this study was to determine if the result of off-nominal conditions would vary with SOC. The study includes cells and batteries of different form factors, cathode chemistries, and capacities. The off-nominal conditions that the cells were exposed to were high-temperature and low impedance external short. In addition to this, voltage stability for the cells and batteries at various SOC was studied for a period of 9 months. The results demonstrate the differences in the level of safety for the cells and batteries at different SOC.
Alterations of gut microbiome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had undergone cholecystectomy
Authors: Wei Bin , Wang Yakun , Xiang Shoukui , Jiang Yan , Chen Rong , Hu Nan
Published: November 2020

The gut microbiome of long-term T2DM patients who had undergone cholecystectomy and age- and/or sex-matched subjects of new-onset and long-term T2DM without cholecystectomy was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in stool samples. The findings suggest that, cholecystectomy could partially alleviate long-term diabetes-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiome composition and function.
Overexpression of TGF-β1 induces renal fibrosis and accelerates the decline in kidney function in polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Zhang Yan , Dai Yuqiao , Raman Archana , Daniel Emily , Metcalf July , Reif Gail , Pierucci-Alves Fernando , Wallace Darren P.
Published: November 2020

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the presence of numerous fluid-filled cysts, extensive fibrosis, and the progressive decline in kidney function. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), an important mediator for renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease, is overexpressed by cystic cells compared with normal kidney cells; however, its role in PKD pathogenesis remains undefined. To investigate the effect of TGF-β1 on cyst growth, fibrosis, and disease progression, we overexpressed active TGF-β1 specifically in collecting ducts (CDs) of phenotypic normal ( Pkd1RC/+) and Pkd1RC/RC mice. In normal mice, CD-specific TGF-β1 overexpression caused tubule dilations by 5 wk of age that were accompanied by increased levels of phosphorylated SMAD3, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and periostin; however, it did not induce overt cyst formation by 20 wk. In Pkd1RC/RC mice, CD overexpression of TGF-β1 increased cyst epithelial cell proliferation. However, extensive fibrosis limited cyst enlargement and caused contraction of the kidneys, leading to a loss of renal function and a shortened lifespan of the mice. These data demonstrate that TGF-β1-induced fibrosis constrains cyst growth and kidney enlargement and accelerates the decline of renal function, supporting the hypothesis that a combined therapy that inhibits renal cyst growth and fibrosis will be required to effectively treat ADPKD.
Oxidative Stress Induces Chondrocyte Apoptosis through Caspase-Dependent and Caspase-Independent Mitochondrial Pathways and the Antioxidant Mechanism of Angelica Sinensis Polysaccharide
Authors: Zhuang Chao , Ni Su , Yang Zhi-cheng , Liu Rui-ping
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Chondrocyte apoptosis is considered one of the pathogenic factors of osteoarthritis (OA), but its importance in the pathogenesis of OA remains unclear. Recent research adds progress to the knowledge that the mitochondrial signaling pathway mediates chondrocyte apoptosis in OA. Method. Rat chondrocyte exposed to H2O2 was used as the experimental oxidative stress model. Chondrocyte viability was tested by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis and ROS were tested by flow cytometry. Contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome C, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were evaluated by biochemical detection. The expressions of related genes and proteins were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot. Results. H2O2 provokes oxidative stress and decreases the viability of chondrocyte, which leads to the release of cytochrome C and inhibition of SOD-2 activity. The damage of mitochondrion disturbs the energy metabolism of chondrocyte and eventually induces chondrocyte apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, pretreated with anglicasinensis polysaccharide (ASP) or caspase inhibitors increase the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL but do not work for the expression of Bax and Bad. Conclusion. Oxidative stress induces chondrocyte apoptosis through caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mitochondrial pathways. ASP protects chondrocyte from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and subsequent cell injury through its antioxidant effect by inhibiting the caspase pathway.
The Herbal Medicine Scutellaria-Coptis Alleviates Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Damage in Diabetic Rats by Inhibiting Inflammation and Modulating the Gut Microbiota
Authors: Zhang Boxun , Yue Rensong , Chen Yuan , Huang Xiaoying , Yang Maoyi , Shui Jiacheng , Peng Yuliang
Published: November 2020

Recent studies have confirmed that increased intestinal permeability and gut‐origin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation are important causes of metabolic inflammation in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there are no recognized therapies for targeting this pathological state. Scutellaria baicalensis and Coptis chinensis are a classic herbal pair often used to treat diabetes and various intestinal diseases, and repair of intestinal barrier damage may be at the core of their therapeutic mechanism. This study investigated the effects of oral administration of Scutellaria-Coptis (SC) on the intestinal mucosal barrier in diabetic rats and explored the underlying mechanism from the perspective of anti‐inflammatory and gut microbiota‐modulatory effects. The main results showed that, in addition to regulating glycolipid metabolism disorders and inhibiting serum inflammatory factors, SC could also upregulate the expression levels of the tight junction proteins claudin‐1, occludin, and zonula occludens (ZO‐1), significantly improve intestinal epithelial damage, and inhibit excessive LPS translocation into the blood circulation. Furthermore, it was found that SC could reduce the levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in intestinal tissue and that the anti‐inflammatory effects involved the TLR‐4/TRIF and TNFR‐1/NF‐κB signalling pathways. Moreover, SC had a strong inhibitory effect on some potential enteropathogenic bacteria and LPS‐producing bacteria, such as Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, and Enterococcus, and could also promote the proliferation of butyrate‐producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae. Taken together, the hypoglycaemic effects of SC were related to the protection of the intestinal mucosal barrier, and the mechanisms might be related to the inhibition of intestinal inflammation and the regulation of the gut microbiota.
Dynamic Analysis and Circuit Realization of a Novel No-Equilibrium 5D Memristive Hyperchaotic System with Hidden Extreme Multistability
Authors: Wan Qiuzhen , Zhou Zhaoteng , Ji Wenkui , Wang Chunhua , Yu Fei
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a novel no-equilibrium 5D memristive hyperchaotic system is proposed, which is achieved by introducing an ideal flux-controlled memristor model and two constant terms into an improved 4D self-excited hyperchaotic system. The system parameters-dependent and memristor initial conditions-dependent dynamical characteristics of the proposed memristive hyperchaotic system are investigated in terms of phase portrait, Lyapunov exponent spectrum, bifurcation diagram, Poincaré map, and time series. Then, the hidden dynamic attractors such as periodic, quasiperiodic, chaotic, and hyperchaotic attractors are found under the variation of its system parameters. Meanwhile, the most striking phenomena of hidden extreme multistability, transient hyperchaotic behavior, and offset boosting control are revealed for appropriate sets of the memristor and other initial conditions. Finally, a hardware electronic circuit is designed, and the experimental results are well consistent with the numerical simulations, which demonstrate the feasibility of this novel 5D memristive hyperchaotic system.
The Role of Posttranslational Modifications in DNA Repair
Authors: Bai Miaomiao , Ti Dongdong , Mei Qian , Liu Jiejie , Yan Xin , Chen Deyun , Li Xiang , Wu Zhiqiang , Han Weidong
Published: November 2020

The human body is a complex structure of cells, which are exposed to many types of stress. Cells must utilize various mechanisms to protect their DNA from damage caused by metabolic and external sources to maintain genomic integrity and homeostasis and to prevent the development of cancer. DNA damage inevitably occurs regardless of physiological or abnormal conditions. In response to DNA damage, signaling pathways are activated to repair the damaged DNA or to induce cell apoptosis. During the process, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) can be used to modulate enzymatic activities and regulate protein stability, protein localization, and protein‐protein interactions. Thus, PTMs in DNA repair should be studied. In this review, we will focus on the current understanding of the phosphorylation, poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, and methylation of six typical PTMs and summarize PTMs of the key proteins in DNA repair, providing important insight into the role of PTMs in the maintenance of genome stability and contributing to reveal new and selective therapeutic approaches to target cancers.
Degree-Constrained
k
-Minimum Spanning Tree Problem
Authors: Adasme Pablo , Dehghan Firoozabadi Ali
Published: November 2020

Let

G

V
,
E

be a simple undirected complete graph with vertex and edge sets

V

and

E

, respectively. In this paper, we consider the degree-constrained

k

-minimum spanning tree (DC

k

MST) problem which consists of finding a minimum cost subtree of

G

formed with at least

k

vertices of

V

where the degree of each vertex is less than or equal to an integer value

d
≤
k
−
2

. In particular, in this paper, we consider degree values of

d
∈

2,3

. Notice that DC

k

MST generalizes both the classical degree-constrained and

k

-minimum spanning tree problems simultaneously. In particular, when

d
=
2

, it reduces to a

k

-Hamiltonian path problem. Application domains where DC

k

MST can be adapted or directly utilized include backbone network structures in telecommunications, facility location, and transportation networks, to name a few. It is easy to see from the literature that the DC

k

MST problem has not been studied in depth so far. Thus, our main contributions in this paper can be highlighted as follows. We propose three mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models for the DC

k

MST problem and derive for each one an equivalent counterpart by using the handshaking lemma. Then, we further propose ant colony optimization (ACO) and variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithms. Each proposed ACO and VNS method is also compared with another variant of it which is obtained while embedding a Q-learning strategy. We also propose a pure Q-learning algorithm that is competitive with the ACO ones. Finally, we conduct substantial numerical experiments using benchmark input graph instances from TSPLIB and randomly generated ones with uniform and Euclidean distance costs with up to 400 nodes. Our numerical results indicate that the proposed models and algorithms allow obtaining optimal and near-optimal solutions, respectively. Moreover, we report better solutions than CPLEX for the large-size instances. Ultimately, the empirical evidence shows that the proposed Q-learning strategies can bring considerable improvements.
The Characteristics and Mortality of Osteoporosis, Osteomyelitis, or Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Diabetes Population: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Jin-Feng , Wu Qi-Nan , Zheng Xuan-Qi , Sun Xiao-Lei , Wu Chen-Yu , Wang Xiao-Bing , Wu Chen-Wei , Wang Bin , Wang Xiang-Yang , Bergman Michael , Wu Ai-Min
Published: November 2020

Background. Patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to develop osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Furthermore, the presence of these complications in those with diabetes may lead to higher mortality. The aim of our study was to assess characteristics and mortality of osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, or rheumatoid arthritis in individuals with diabetes. Methods. We analyzed osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, and RA deaths associated with diabetes from 1999–2017 using the CDC WONDER system (CDC WONDER; https://wonder.cdc.gov). We used ICD-10 codes to categorize the underlying and contributing causes of death. Crude mortality rates (CMR) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 1,000,000 person-years were calculated. Results. The AAMR for osteoporosis in the population with diabetes was significantly higher in females (AAMR: 4.17, 95% CI: 4.10–4.24) than in males (AAMR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07–1.16). Deaths due to osteoporosis increased gradually from 1999, peaked in 2003 (AAMR: 3.78, 95% CI: 3.55–4.00), and reached a nadir in 2016 (AAMR: 2.32, 95% CI: 2.15–2.48). The AAMR for RA associated with diabetes was slightly higher in females (AAMR: 4.04, 95% CI: 3.98–4.11) than in males (AAMR: 2.45, 95% CI: 2.39–2.51). The mortality rate due to RA increased slightly from 1999 (AAMR: 3.18, 95% CI: 2.97–3.39) to 2017 (AAMR: 3.20, 95% CI: 3.02–3.38). The AAMR for osteomyelitis associated with diabetes was higher in males (AAMR: 4.36, 95% CI: 4.28–4.44) than in females (AAMR: 2.31, 95% CI: 2.26–2.36). From 1999 to 2017, the AAMR from osteomyelitis in this population was 2.63 (95% CI: 2.44–2.82) per 1,000,000 person-years in 1999 and 4.25 (95% CI: 4.05–4.46) per 1,000,000 person-years in 2017. Conclusions. We found an increase in the age-adjusted mortality rates of RA and osteomyelitis and a decrease of osteoporosis associated with diabetes from 1999 to 2017. We suggest that increased attention should therefore be given to these diseases in the population with diabetes, especially in efforts to develop preventative and treatment strategies.
Nonlinear Dynamics of the Quadratic-Damping Helmholtz Oscillator
Authors: Fangnon R. , Ainamon C. , Monwanou A. V. , Miwadinou C. H. , Chabi Orou J. B.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the Helmholtz equation with quadratic damping themes is used for modeling the dynamics of a simple prey-predator system also called a simple Lotka–Volterra system. From the Helmholtz equation with quadratic damping themes obtained after modeling, the equilibrium points have been found, and their stability has been analyzed. Subsequently, the harmonic oscillations have been studied by the harmonic balance method, and the phenomena of resonance and hysteresis are observed. The primary and secondary resonances have been researched by the multiple-scale method, and the conditions of stability of the amplitudes of oscillations are determined. Chaos is detected analytically by the Melnikov method and numerically using the basin of attraction, the bifurcation diagram, the Lyapunov exponent, the phase portrait, and the Poincaré section. The effects of all the parameters of the system are analyzed in detail, and special emphasis is placed on the new parameters. Through this analysis, the complex phenomena such as hysteresis, bistability, amplitude jump, resonances, and chaos have been obtained. The control of the parameters and the necessary conditions to control the aforementioned phenomena have been found.
A Binary Superior Tracking Artificial Bee Colony with Dynamic Cauchy Mutation for Feature Selection
Authors: Chu Xianghua , Li Shuxiang , Gao Da , Zhao Wei , Cui Jianshuang , Huang Linya
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to propose an improved learning algorithm for feature selection, termed as binary superior tracking artificial bee colony with dynamic Cauchy mutation (BSTABC-DCM). To enhance exploitation capacity, a binary learning strategy is proposed to enable each bee to learn from the superior individuals in each dimension. A dynamic Cauchy mutation is introduced to diversify the population distribution. Ten datasets from UCI repository are adopted as test problems, and the average results of cross-validation of BSTABC-DCM are compared with other seven popular swarm intelligence metaheuristics. Experimental results demonstrate that BSTABC-DCM could obtain the optimal classification accuracy and select the best representative features for the UCI problems.
Failure Mechanism and Stability Control of Surrounding Rock of Docking Roadway under Multiple Dynamic Pressures in Extrathick Coal Seam
Authors: Wu Xiangye , Wang Shuai , Tian Chen , Ji Changxing , Wang Jingya
Published: November 2020

In view of multiseam mining under goaf, the surrounding rock control problem of lower coal roadway will be affected by concentrated coal pillar left in upper coal seam goaf and dynamic pressure superposition of working face in this coal seam. Under the geological environment of No. 16 extrathick coal seam in the Laoshidan coal mine and taking the working face 031604 as the research background, the reasonable docking position selection of the withdrawal roadway and the docking roadway in the middle mining period and the surrounding rock stability control problems of the withdrawal roadway and the docking roadway during the final mining period were studied by using the methods of field theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurement. The mechanical mechanism of the nonuniform failure of the retreating roadway and the docking roadway during the final mining period is shown, and the control method of the surrounding rock stability of the roadway is put forward and applied. The results show that (1) through the analysis of the superimposed stress under the concentrated coal pillar and the coal seam in advance, the specific butt joint position is arranged at 860 m away from the open-off cut, which is 10 m away from the goaf of No. 12 coal seam. (2) With the working face 031604 advancing through the process, the deviatoric stress value of the withdrawal roadway gradually increases, the maximum principal stress of the two sides of the roadway deflects clockwise from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction, its angle also gradually increases, and the shape of the plastic zone gradually expands from symmetry to asymmetry. (3) It is revealed that the peak value of deviatoric stress on both sides of the docking position of docking roadway increases gradually under the influence of mining and deflects anticlockwise to the vertical direction with the principal stress angle. The joint action of both is the mechanical mechanism that causes the plastic zone to expand in an asymmetric shape. (4) The coordinated control scheme of support (anchor bolt and anchor cable)—modified (grouting)—is adopted for the withdrawal roadway, and the coordinated control scheme of support (anchor bolt and anchor cable)—changing the cross-section shape of the roadway—is adopted for the docking roadway. The purpose of the smooth connection of working face and rapid and safe withdrawal of equipment is achieved on site.
A Scientometric Review of Digital Currency and Electronic Payment Research: A Network Perspective
Authors: Shi Qing , Sun Xiaoqi
Published: November 2020

The potential implications of digital currencies and electronic payment (DC/EP) have become a hot global research area. To present the knowledge bases and research fronts of this field, we apply a scientometric approach to analyze 454 publications obtained from the Web of Science core collection. Results show that, first, the knowledge bases can be classified into three main topics: (1) the usage and diversification effect of private digital currencies from the point of investment and asset allocation; (2) the price dynamics and market efficiency of private digital currencies; and (3) other economic roles of digital currencies and corresponding change brought into the monetary system. Second, several research trends can be inferred using sliding window analysis and burst detection, namely, how the introduction of digital currencies changes consumers’ choice in payment instrument and their money demand; how social media and investor sentiment affect the market of digital currencies; and the impact of digital currencies on the central bank, monetary policy, and central bank digital currency. Third, core scholars and countries involved in the research of DC/EP are identified, and it is found that collaboration has been rising especially among European scholars and countries. With these systematic analyses, we offer recommendations for scholars and practitioners in future research of DC/EP.
Accurate Noninvasive Assessment of Myocardial Iron Load in Advanced Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Leszek Przemysław , Sochanowicz Barbara , Brzóska Kamil , Kraj Leszek , Kuśmierczyk Mariusz , Śmigielski Witold , Rywik Tomasz M. , Sobieszczańska-Małek Małgorzata , Rozentryt Piotr , Kruszewski Marcin
Published: November 2020

Background. Heart failure patients presenting with iron deficiency can benefit from systemic iron supplementation; however, there is the potential for iron overload to occur, which can seriously damage the heart. Therefore, myocardial iron (M-Iron) content should be precisely balanced, especially in already failing hearts. Unfortunately, the assessment of M-Iron via repeated heart biopsies or magnetic resonance imaging is unrealistic, and alternative serum markers must be found. This study is aimed at assessing M-Iron in patients with advanced heart failure (HF) and its association with a range of serum markers of iron metabolism. Methods. Left ventricle (LV) myocardial biopsies and serum samples were collected from 33 consecutive HF patients (25 males) with LV dysfunction (LV ejection fraction 22 (11) %; NT-proBNP 5464 (3308) pg/ml) during heart transplantation. Myocardial ferritin (M-FR) and soluble transferrin receptor (M-sTfR1) were assessed by ELISA, and M-Iron was determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis in LV biopsies. Nonfailing hearts (

n
=
11

) were used as control/reference tissue. Concentrations of serum iron-related proteins (FR and sTfR1) were assessed. Results. LV M-Iron load was reduced in all HF patients and negatively associated with M-FR (

r
=
−
0.37

,

p
=
0.05

). Of the serum markers, sTfR1/logFR correlated with (

r
=
−
0.42

;

p
=
0.04

) and predicted (in a step-wise analysis,

R

2

=
0.18

;

p
=
0.04

) LV M-Iron. LV M-Iron load (μg/g) can be calculated using the following formula:

210.24
–
22.869
×
sTfR
1
/
logFR

. Conclusions. The sTfR1/logFR ratio can be used to predict LV M-Iron levels. Therefore, serum FR and sTfR1 levels could be used to indirectly assess LV M-Iron, thereby increasing the safety of iron repletion therapy in HF patients.
Acute Effects of Different Intensities of Cycling Acute Exercise on Carotid Arterial Apparent Elasticity and Hemodynamic Variables
Authors: Shen Bing-Yi , Liu Hai-Bin , Cao Ling , Qin Kai-Rong
Published: November 2020

Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is closely related to arterial elasticity and hemodynamics. Exercises have been reported to immediately decrease arterial apparent elasticity and regulate hemodynamic variables. However, the relationship between them and exercise intensity remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of different intensities of acute cycling exercise on carotid arterial apparent elasticity and hemodynamics. Methods. 32 healthy men (age: 19.4 ± 0.6 years) attended the laboratory on five occasions and completed cycling acute exercise for 20 minutes at five intensities (40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% heart rate reserve (HRR)). At the right carotid artery, center‐line velocity and arterial inner diameter waveforms were examined before and immediately after exercise. Based upon the measured data, the classical hemodynamic theory was used to calculate the apparent elasticity and the local hemodynamic variables. Results. The arterial apparent stiffness and the apparent elastic modulus following acute cycling exercise at 60% to 80% HRR were significantly higher than baseline. The mean center‐line velocity accelerated from 50% to 80% HRR, but no intensity of intervention altered mean blood flow. Immediately after intervention, the mean wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index increased. Conclusions. Aerobic cycling intervention, with intensity from 40% to 80% HRR, did not change the brain blood supply. A bout of cycling intervention decreased apparent elasticity, and there was an intensity‐dependent effect on apparent elasticity and hemodynamic variables. This study would provide referable data for the further study on the effects of aerobic exercise on arterial hemodynamics and elasticity and underlying physiological mechanisms.
FDA Approval Summary: Accelerated Approval of Sacituzumab Govitecan-hziy for Third-line Treatment of Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Wahby Sakar , Fashoyin-Aje Lola , Osgood Christy L. , Cheng Joyce , Fiero Mallorie H. , Zhang Lijun , Tang Shenghui , Hamed Salaheldin S. , Song Pengfei , Charlab Rosane , Dorff Sarah E. , Ricks Tiffany K. , Barnett-Ringgold Kimberly , Dinin Jeannette , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Theoret Marc R. , Pazdur Richard , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Beaver Julia A.
Published: November 2020

On April 22, 2020, the FDA granted accelerated approval to sacituzumab govitecan-hziy (TRODELVY; Immunomedics, Inc.) for the treatment of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) who have received at least two prior therapies for metastatic disease. Approval was based on data from the IMMU-132-01 trial, a single-arm, multicohort, multicenter, phase I/II trial of sacituzumab govitecan. The assessment of efficacy was based on 108 patients with mTNBC who had previously received at least two prior lines of therapy in the metastatic setting and who received sacituzumab govitecan 10 mg/kg i.v. The assessment of safety was based on 408 patients with advanced solid tumors who had received sacituzumab govitecan at doses up to 10 mg/kg i.v. The primary efficacy endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DoR) was a key secondary endpoint. The ORR was 33.3% [36/108; 95% confidence interval (CI), 24.6–43.1], and median DoR among responders was 7.7 months (95% CI, 4.9–10.8). The most common adverse reactions occurring in ≥25% of patients were nausea, neutropenia, diarrhea, fatigue, anemia, vomiting, alopecia, constipation, rash, decreased appetite, and abdominal pain. This article summarizes the FDA review process and data supporting the approval of sacituzumab govitecan.
Abstract 125: Capital Do-Re-Mi: A Randomized Trial of Dobutamine Compared to Milrinone in Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Mathew Rebecca , Di Santo Pietro , Marbach Jeffrey , Hutson Jordan , Simard Trevor , Jung Richard , Merdad Anas , Almufleh Aws , Weng Willy , Abdel-Razek Omar , Fernando Shannon , Kyeremanteng Kwadwo , Bernick Jordan , Wells George , Froeschl Michael , Labinaz Marino , Le May Michel R , Russo Juan J , Hibbert Benjamin M
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although inotropic support is a mainstay of medical therapy for CS, little evidence exists to guide the selection of inotropic agents in clinical practice.

Methods:
In this double blind randomized controlled trial, we assigned patients with SCAI class B to E shock to either milrinone or dobutamine for inotropic support. Therapy was titrated based on clinical, biochemical and hemodynamic response as evaluated by the treating physician. The primary outcome was a combined endpoint of in hospital mortality, non-fatal MI, stroke, new initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT), need for MCS or cardiac transplant, or cardiac arrest with successful resuscitation. Secondary outcomes included individual components of the primary outcome.

Results:
Among 192 participants, there was no significant difference in the primary outcome, occurring in 49% (47 of 96) of patients in the milrinone arm and 54% (52 of 96) patients in the dobutamine group (RR 0.90, 95% CI of 0.69-1.19, p-value = 0.47). There were also no differences in important secondary outcomes between milrinone and dobutamine, including in-hospital mortality 37% (35 of 96) vs 43% (41 of 96) (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.60-1.21, p-value = 0.38) or need for RRT 22% (21 of 96) vs 17% (16 of 96) (RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.73-2.36, p-value = 0.36).

Conclusions:
In this randomized clinical trial of milrinone and dobutamine in CS, there was no difference in the primary composite outcome or in important secondary outcomes. The selection of inotropic agent could reasonably be based on physician comfort, cost and individual response to therapy.
Patient Characteristics, Clinical Outcomes, and Effect of Dapagliflozin in Relation to Duration of Heart Failure
Authors: Yeoh Su E. , Dewan Pooja , Jhund Pardeep S. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Køber Lars , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Martinez Felipe A. , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S. , Solomon Scott D. , Bengtsson Olof , Sjöstrand Mikaela , Langkilde Anna Maria , McMurray John J.V. ,   on behalf of the DAPA-HF Investigators and Committees
Published: November 2020

Background:

The impact of heart failure (HF) duration on outcomes and treatment effect is largely unknown. We aim to compare baseline patient characteristics, outcomes, and the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin, in relation to time from diagnosis of HF in DAPA-HF trial (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse-outcomes in Heart Failure).

Methods:

HF duration was categorized as ≥2 to ≤12 months, >1 to 2 years, >2 to 5 years, and >5 years. Outcomes were adjusted for prognostic variables and analyzed using Cox regression. The primary end point was the composite of worsening HF or cardiovascular death. Treatment effect was examined within each duration category and by duration threshold.

Results:

The number of patients in each category was: 1098 (≥2–≤12 months), 686 (>1–2 years), 1105 (>2–5 years), and 1855 (>5 years). Longer-duration HF patients were older and more comorbid with worse symptoms. The rate of the primary outcome (per 100 person-years) increased with HF duration: 10.2 (95% CI, 8.7–12.0) for ≥2 to ≤12 months, 10.6 (8.7–12.9) >1 to 2 years, 15.5 (13.6–17.7) >2 to 5 years, and 15.9 (14.5–17.6) for >5 years. Similar trends were seen for all other outcomes. The benefit of dapagliflozin was consistent across HF duration and on threshold analysis. The hazard ratio for the primary outcome ≥2 to ≤12 months was 0.86 (0.63–1.18), >1 to 2 years 0.95 (0.64–1.42), >2 to 5 years 0.74 (0.57–0.96), and >5 years 0.64 (0.53–0.78),
P
interaction=0.26. The absolute benefit was greatest in longest-duration HF, with a number needed to treat of 18 for HF >5 years, compared with 28 for ≥2 to ≤12 months.

Conclusions:

Longer-duration HF patients were older, had more comorbidity and symptoms, and higher rates of worsening HF and death. The benefits of dapagliflozin were consistent across HF duration.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03036124.
Chromosome 2 Fragment Substitutions in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats and RNA Sequencing Identified
Enpep
and
Hs2st1
as Vascular Inflammatory Modulators
Authors: Berillo Olga , Ouerd Sofiane , Idris-Khodja Noureddine , Rehman Asia , Richer Chantal , Sinnett Daniel , Kwitek Anne E. , Paradis Pierre , Schiffrin Ernesto L.
Published: November 2020

Chromosome 2 introgression from normotensive Brown Norway (BN) rats into hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) background (SS-chromosome 2
BN
/Mcwi; consomic S2
B
) reduced blood pressure and vascular inflammation under a normal-salt diet (NSD). We hypothesized that BN chromosome 2 contains anti-inflammatory genes that could reduce blood pressure and vascular inflammation in rats fed NSD or high-salt diet (HSD). Four- to 6-week old male SS and congenic rats containing the BN chromosome 2 distal portion (SS.BN-[
rs13453786-rs66377062
]/Aek; S2
B
a) and middle segment (SS.BN-[
rs106982173-rs65057186
]/Aek; S2
B
b) were fed NSD or HSD (4% NaCl) up to age 12 to 13 weeks. Systolic blood pressure determined by telemetry was higher in SS rats fed HSD versus NSD. Systolic blood pressure was lower in both congenic rats than in SS under NSD, but similar under HSD versus SS. Reactive oxygen species generation using dihydroethidium staining, expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and immune cell infiltration by immunofluorescence demonstrated that S2
B
a rats present less inflammation under NSD and more under HSD versus SS rats. RNA sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR identified 2 differentially expressed genes encoded within BN chromosome 2 distal portion that could act as regulators of vascular inflammation. These were downregulated glutamyl aminopeptidase (
Enpep
) that was anti-inflammatory under NSD and upregulated heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase 1 (
Hs2st1
) that was proinflammatory under HSD. In conclusion, 2 differentially expressed genes encoded within introgressed BN chromosome 2 distal fragment were identified:
Enpep
associated with reduced vascular inflammation under NSD, and
Hs2st1
, associated with increased vascular inflammation under HSD.