bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SoK: New Insights into Fully Homomorphic Encryption Libraries via Standardized Benchmarks
Authors: Gouert Charles , Mouris Dimitris , Tsoutsos Nektarios
Published: May 2023

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables arbitrary computation on encrypted data, allowing users to upload ciphertexts to cloud servers for computation while mitigating privacy risks. Many cryptographic schemes fall under the umbrella of FHE, and each scheme has several open-source implementations with its own strengths and weaknesses. Nevertheless, developers have no straightforward way to choose which FHE scheme and implementation is best suited for their application needs, especially considering that each scheme offers different security, performance, and usability guarantees. To allow programmers to effectively utilize the power of FHE, we employ a series of benchmarks called the Terminator 2 Benchmark Suite and present new insights gained from running these algorithms with a variety of FHE back - ends. Contrary to generic benchmarks that do not take into consideration the inherent challenges of encrypted computation, our methodology is tailored to the secure computational primitives of each target FHE implementation. To ensure fair comparisons, we developed a versatile compiler(called T2) that converts arbitrary benchmarks written in a domain - specific language into identical encrypted programs running on different popular FHE libraries as a backend.Our analysis exposes for the first time the advantages and disadvantages of each FHE library as well as the types of applications most suited for each computational domain(i.e., binary, integer, and floating - point).
Comparing Large-Scale Privacy and Security Notifications
Authors: Utz Christine , Michels Matthias , Degeling Martin , Marnau Ninja , Stock Ben
Published: May 2023

Over the last decade, web security research has used notification campaigns as a tool to help web operators fix security problems or stop infrastructure abuse. First attempts at applying this approach to privacy issues focused on single services or vendors. Hence, little is known if notifications can also raise awareness and encourage remediation of more complex, vendor-independent violations of privacy legislation at scale, such as informed consent to cookie usage under the EU's ePrivacy Directive or the General Data Protection Regulation's requirement for a privacy policy. It is also unclear how privacy notifications perform and are perceived compared to those about security vulnerabilities. To fill this research gap, we conduct a large-scale, automated email notification study with more than 115K websites we notify about lack of a privacy policy, use of third-party cookies without or before informed consent, and input forms for personal data that do not use HTTPS. We investigate the impact of warnings about fines and compare the results with security notifications to more than 40K domains about openly accessible Git repositories. Based on our measurements and interactions with operators through email and a survey, we find that notifications about privacy issues are not as well received as security notifications. They result in lower fix rates, less incentive to take immediate action, and more negative feedback. Specific reasons include a lack of awareness and knowledge of privacy laws' applicability, difficulties to pinpoint the problem, and limited intrinsic motivation.
SoK: Membership Inference is Harder Than Previously Thought
Authors: Dionysiou Antreas , Athanasopoulos Elias
Published: May 2023

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) can be conducted based on specific settings/assumptions and experience different limitations. In this paper, first, we provide a systematization of knowledge for all representative MIAs found in the literature. Second, we empirically evaluate and compare the MIA success rates achieved on Machine Learning (ML) models trained with some of the most common generalization techniques. Third, we examine the contribution of potential data leaks to successful MIAs. Fourth, we examine if the depth of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) affects MIA success rate and to what extent. For the experimental analysis, we focus solely on well-generalizable target models (various architectures trained on multiple datasets), having only black-box access to them. Our results suggest the following: (a) MIAs on well-generalizable targets suffer from significant limitations which undermine their practicality, (b) common generalization techniques result in ML models which are comparably robust against MIAs, (c) data leaks, although effective for overfitted models, do not facilitate MIAs in case of well-generalizable targets, (d) deep ANN architectures are not more vulnerable to MIAs compared to shallower ones or the opposite, and (e) well-generalizable models can be robust against MIAs even when not achieving state-of-the-art performance.
Data Security on the Ground: Investigating Technical and Legal Requirements under the GDPR
Authors: Marjanov Tina , Konstantinou Maria , Jóźwiak Magdalena , Spagnuelo Dayana
Published: May 2023

The GDPR has been in force since 2018, but there is still uncertainty about how to comply with several of its provisions, including Article 32 which sets forth the requirements for data security. While scholars in this field have previously analysed the law or the industry standards, we use the fines imposed so far for violation of Article 32 as our primary data. We annotate and analyse technical and legal aspects of a representative subset of cases. Using clustering, four groups of cases with distinct characteristics emerge from our research. Three of the four groups of cases suffer from data incidents, but for different reasons: a targeted attack, non-technical human mistakes, or a combination of mistakes. The final group includes cases where no actual data incident happened, but fines were still imposed due to insufficient organisational measures and high risk or imminent harm to the data subjects. We uncover from the cases different measures that apply to each of the groups, ranging from compliance with the highest industry standards to organisational measures and enhanced internal privacy awareness.
Artificial intelligence in endodontics: relevant trends and practical perspectives
Authors: Goncharuk-Khomyn Myroslav , Noenko Igor , Leite Cavalcanti Alessandro , Adigüzel Özkan , Dubnov Artem
Published: May 2023

Background. Overall pool of studies regarding artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in dentistry is increasing every year, while possibilities for using AI methods within everyday endodontic practice is still quite confined and not always enough affirmed.

Objective. To systematize and depict principal data regarding use of virtual artificial intelligence for various endodontic-related clinical purposes.

Materials and Methods. Targeted literature search was provided within National Center for Biotechnology Information databases using pre-specified Mesh-terms algorithm. The following information was extracted from each publication during content analysis: diagnostic and treatment planning aspects of endodontic practice for which AI methods could be applied; accuracy levels registered for AI models used for different endodontic-related purposes; limitations of using AI within endodontic practice.

Results. AI features could be used in endodontic practice for the following reasons: analysis of root canal morphology, identification of root fractures, verification of periapical lesions, estimation of root canal working length, root canal treatment planning, prediction of pain development during post-treatment period, predication of endodontic interventions success. The most prevalently used artificial intelligence methods for different endodontic diagnostic and treatment planning objectives were the following: convolutional neural network, artificial neurons network, case-based reasoning, deep learning, machine learning, neuro-fuzzy inference system, probabilistic neural network.

Conclusion. Main advantage of using AI models in endodontic practice associated with improvement of diagnostic accuracy within reduced amount of time needed for X-ray images and clinical data analysis. AI application for apical foramen detection and working length determination demonstrates the highest level of accuracy compared to AI performance for other clinically related objectives in endodontics.
Judicial Decision-Making In Inmate Litigation: Influence And Effectiveness Of Interest Groups As Amici Curiae
Authors: M. A. Pitts James
Published: May 2023

It is commonly suggested that amicus curiae briefs (ACBs) are useful to influence judicial decisions. Interest groups often use ACBs to participate in litigation. Unfortunately, most assessments of judicial decision-making fail to review the latent content of ACBs. This is problematic because there is no way to be certain that interest groups truly influence case outcomes. Furthermore, it is possible that the type of litigation affects judicial outcomes as well. The current analysis employs a mixed methods approach to assess judicial decision-making. The current study is unique as it is perhaps the first to measure both influence and effectiveness separately in a qualitative manner. In doing so, the study makes comparisons between the latent content of judicial opinions and ACBs. The results support prior research findings regarding the influential nature of ACBs towards judicial decisions. Despite evidence of influence, interest groups’ advocacy only results in favorable case outcomes in a minority of cases. Suggestions for future research are also provided
واقع التعليم الالكتروني خلال جائحة كورونا دراسة ميدانية لأساتذة وطلبة جامعة البصرة
Authors: سلطان أ.م.د. حمزة جابر , سلمان م.م. بيداء داود
Published: May 2023

تهدف هذه الدراسة للتعرف على واقع التعليم الالكتروني خلال جائحة كورونا وهي دراسة ميدانية لطلبة جامعة البصرة، ومن أجل تحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي والاعتماد على الدراسة الميدانية من خلال اعتماد عينة تكونت من (100) تدريسي و (300) طالب وللتخصصين العلمي والانساني، وقد تم اختيار العينة من مجتمع الدراسة بطريقة عشوائية، اما اداة الدراسة فهي استبانة ذات أسئلة مغلقة.
Pengaruh Progressif Muscle Relaxation (PMR) Terhadap Perubahan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Marlena Feny , Rusiandy Rusiandy , Riandyva Rangga
Published: May 2023

The problem in this study is that there are still many changes in blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus patients at the Lais Care Health Center. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on changes in blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus patients at the Lais Care Health Center. The design of this study used a quasi-experimental design using a pre and post test design. The sample in this study amounted to 10 people. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis, the statistical test used was the T test. The mean values of blood glucose before and after Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) in Diabetes Mellitus patients were 211.00 mg / dl and 196.30 mg / dl. It was concluded that there was an effect of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on changes in blood glucose levels in Diabetes Mellitus patients (p = 0.000).
MOTIVASI MAHASISWA MENGIKUTI PERKULIAHAN DENGAN SISTEM E-LEARNING
Authors: Agata Annisa
Published: May 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred since 2019 has caused changes, especially in the education sector. Educational activities that were initially carried out face-to-face turned into an online system as an effort to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The purpose of this study is to determine the motivation of students in attending lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The type of research is quantitative with a descriptive research design. The population in this study was students of the Nursing Study Program at Mitra Indonesia University as many as ± 387 students with sampling techniques using snowball sampling, with a total sample of 94 responders. The results of the study found that the type of lecture media most often used was zoom meetings, which were 61 respondents (64.9%), the motivation of students in attending lectures was mostly not good, namely as many as 50 respondents (53.1%). This research can be a foundation for educators to increase student motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic by utilizing various digital platforms or modifying the learning process with blended learning methods.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Gizi Ibu serta Dukungan Suami dalam Keberhasilan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Puskesmas Sukabumi Kota Bandar Lampung
Authors: Noprianti Indah , Chaeirunnisa Chaeirunnisa , Dalimunthe Nathasa Khalida , Rusiati Rusiati
Published: May 2023

Berdasarkan hasil laporan Riskesdas, cakupan ASI eksklusif masih rendah yaitu mencapai 54,9% untuk provinsi Lampung. Sedangkan cakupan ASI eksklusif di puskesmas sukabumi Bandar Lampung hanya mencapai 31,2%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan sikap ibu serta dukungan suami dalam keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Sukabumi Kota Bandar Lampung. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 6-12 bulan di Puskesmas Sukabumi yaitu sebanyak 57 responden. Cara pengeukuran dalam penelitian berupa kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan, sikap, dukungan suami memliliki hubungan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif, hal ini di tunjukan dengan nilai p= (0,05) dan dukungan suami juga memiliki hubungan terhadap pemberian ASI Eksklusif, hal ini di tunjukan dengan nilai p= (0,02). Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah masukan bagi tenaga kesehatan untuk mengadakan pelatihan bagi ibu- ibu memiliki anak bayi dan balita dan memberikan banyak informasi kepada ibu yang memiliki anak bayi dan balita untuk menabah pengetahuan atau wawasan kepada ibu masih menyususi agar mengetahui seberapa pentingnya ASI eksklusif itu untuk bayi.Kata Kunci : ASI eksklusif, pengetahuan, sikap, dukungan suami
Hildegarde Von Bingen, a exemplaridade do feminino no filme de Margarethe Von Trotta
Authors: Vadico Luiz , Monteiro Maurício
Published: May 2023

No presente artigo analisaremos o filme Visão: A vida de Hildegarde Von Bingen, 2009, verificando o esforço da cineasta alemã Margarethe Von Trotta para estabelecer um modelo exemplar de feminino a partir da vida da visionária Hildegarde Von Bingen, tendo como pano de fundo a sua carreira ligada à questão do Feminismo. A exemplaridade surge como um dos pontos altos dos filmes de Vida de Santo, ou hagiografia fílmica, por essa razão verificaremos sua estética, estrutura e finalidade. Bem como traçaremos as relações necessárias entre a personagem histórica, sua música, seu pensamento, com o que dela sobressai na obra cinematográfica. Por método, partimos incialmente apenas da obra midiática, decupando-a, estudando sua narrativa, forma estética e estrutura, para só então levantar as questões mais importantes ali colocadas relacionando-as com os fatos sociais.
Bíblia e cinema: estrutura de narrativas bíblicas de chamado e comissionamento em Os Irmãos Cara de Pau, de John Landis
Authors: Caldas Filho Carlos Ribeiro , Dolghie Jacqueline Ziroldo
Published: May 2023

O presente artigo pretende aplicar para a interpretação do filme Os Irmãos Cara de Pau (The Blues Brothers, 1980), de John Landis, o que o crítico literário canadense Northrop Frye afirmou em relação à Bíblia como sendo o “grande código” da arte.  A premissa básica do artigo é que o filme de Landis segue a estrutura básica de três narrativas bíblicas (Êxodo 3.1-10, Isaías 6.1-8 e Atos dos Apóstolos 9.1-15) nas quais há uma manifestação do sagrado, seguida de um comissionamento para uma missão. O artigo apresenta algumas considerações sobre a relação entre cinema e Bíblia, seguidas de uma apresentação do filme propriamente. Depois disso, comenta-se sobre três narrativas bíblicas de chamado e comissionamento, que entendemos fornecem a linha narrativa seguida pelo filme. Como base teórica, o artigo trabalhou principalmente com a ideia de sagrado selvagem, de Roger Bastide, e do elemento indizível do sagrado, a partir de Rudolf Otto.
Transmitindo a fé: como os pais passam sua religião para a próxima geração
Authors: Coutinho José Pereira
Published: May 2023

Book review of Handing down the faith: How parents pass their religion on to the next generation, by Christian Smith and Amy Adamczyk from Orford University Press, published in 2021.
The Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy and Schema Therapy in Improving Emotional Control in People Affected by Marital Infidelity
Authors: Talaeizadeh Mahin , Eftekhar Saadi Zahra , Heidari Alireza , Johari Fard Reza
Published: May 2023

Background: Controlling emotions can be influential in increasing the quality of married life and coping with the outcomes of uncovering extramarital affairs. Objectives: This study hence investigated the effectiveness of hypnotherapy and schema therapy in improving emotional control in people affected by marital infidelity. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control design and a three-month follow-up. The study population included all couples dealing with marital infidelity who visited Mehr-e-Taban Counseling and Psychological Services Center in Tehran, Iran in 2021. A total of 48 individuals were selected through convenient sampling and randomly assigned to the two experimental groups and the control group (n = 16). The first experimental group received eight 90-minute hypnotherapy sessions and the second received ten 90-minute schema therapy sessions. The research instrument included the Emotion Control Questionnaire (ECQ). The data were analyzed using ANCOVA and post hoc tests in SPSS-22. Results: The mean ± SD of the posttest score of emotional control in hypnotherapy and schema therapy groups was 47.62 ± 2.80 and 48.82 ± 1.45, which was significantly different from the control group (P < 0.001). The findings revealed that both therapeutic approaches were effective in improving emotional control and its four components including rehearsal, emotional inhibition, aggression control, and benign control in the participants (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the effects of hypnotherapy and schema therapy in improving emotional control. Conclusions: The results indicated that using both therapeutic approaches in counseling centers can be influential in helping maladjusted couples to improve and reduce their marital problems and increase their satisfaction, particularly in couples damaged by infidelity.
Antimicrobial Resistance Rates and Risk Factors for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Older Outpatients in East Anatolia from 2011 - 2019
Authors: Sahin Sevnaz , Karaşahin Omer , Taşar Pınar Tosun
Published: May 2023

Background: Community-acquired urinary tract infection is among the most common infections in older adults. Regardless of age, the most frequently detected causative microorganism is Escherichia coli. In parallel with the increase in antibiotic use, the frequency of community-acquired extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli (ESBL-E. coli) has reached critical levels. The use of empirical antibiotic therapy is determined by assessing patient-based risk factors. Therefore, knowing the risk factors and the frequency of antimicrobial resistance can guide the treatment to shape the treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the risks and resistance frequencies to guide the empirical treatment selection for ESBL-E. coli-associated urinary tract infection (UTI) in elderly patients. Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study. It was carried out between 2011 - 2019. Escherichia coli growth of ≥ 105 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL in urine culture was included in 815 patients aged 65 and over who applied to outpatient clinics. Results: Two hundred and sixty (31.9%) of the patients had ESBL-E. coli. In ESBL-E. coli, antimicrobial resistance rates were highest (100%) for penicillins + β-lactamase inhibitors. The lowest resistance rates were determined for carbapenems, aminoglycosides, phosphonic acid, and nitrofurantoins. Risk factors for ESBL-producing bacteria were determined. These were the presence of benign prostatic hypertrophy, antibiotic use in the last three months, history of UTI in the last year, urinary catheter uses in the last year, male gender, and hospitalization in the last year (P < 0.05). The only independent risk factor was a history of UTI in the last year, which increased the risk of ESBL by 2.8 times. Conclusions: Carbapenems can be chosen as parenteral options, and phosphonic acids and nitrofurantoin as oral options for empirical antibiotic treatment, especially in patients with a history of UTI in the past year.
Short-term Outcomes of Hydrodistention with Intravesical Hyaluronic Acid (Cystistat®) Versus Hydrodistention Alone for Treating Interstitial Cystitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Farazi Ali , Keshvari Malihe , Tavakkoli Mahmoud , Najaf Najafi Mona , Ebrahimi Ali , Ghazaghi Anahita , Noorbakhsh Maryam , Rahimi Hamidreza
Published: May 2023

Background: Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic, debilitating bladder disease that primarily affects middle-aged women and significantly affects their quality of life. Bladder hydrodistention is the usual therapeutic and diagnostic procedure, but symptoms tend to relapse. Adding hyaluronic acid to hydrodistention has been shown to improve the outcomes. Objectives: To compare the therapeutic effects of bladder hydrodistention alone or with intravesical cystistat (40 mg of sodium hyaluronate in a 50 mL vial) in treating IC/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad in 2017. Twenty-four female IC/BPS patients were selected using clinical examinations and the O`Leary-Sant IC questionnaire to evaluate treatment effects. Patients with a history of other diseases related to the urogenital system and urination frequency less than eight times a day were excluded. The control group (n = 12) underwent hydrodistention under general anesthesia, and the intervention group (n = 12) received intravesical cystistat in addition to hydrodistention weekly for four weeks, followed by monthly for two months. Results: In the control group, the mean baseline score of the questionnaire was 33.2 ± 1.9 and reached 33.9 ± 2.6 after three months, showing no significant change. In the intervention group, the mean baseline score of the questionnaire was 32.6 ± 3.6 and reached 6.4 ± 12.4 at the end of the third month, which indicates a significantly better improvement (P < 0.001). In this study, the disease symptoms resolved in 83.3% of the intervention group after three months of treatment, while the controls did not improve. Conclusions: Based on our study, intravesical instillation of cystistat is effective in treating patients with IC/BPS and has significantly better effects than hydrodistention alone.
THE USE OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL MYTHS IN THE WORKS OF MAKTUMKULI AND BERDAKH
Authors: Arazmedovich Keruenov Turganbay
Published: May 2023

This article discusses the synthesis of folklore and written literature, the use of anthropological myths in written literature and the issues of their artistic function in poetic works on the example of Maktymkuly and Berdak's education and the use of anthropological myths in poetry.

Keywords: myth, written literature, folklore, fiction, classical literature, plot, image.
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Krasniqi Tringa
Published: May 2023

Teachers have spent a lot of time researching the best and most accurate ways to evaluate pupils since there are so many different ways to assess tasks and because doing so can have an impact on the students. According to Heydarnejad, Tagavipour, Patra, and Farid Khafaga (2022) only a few empirical studies have attempted to determine how performance-based assessment (PBA) can affect reading comprehension (RCA), academic motivation (AM), foreign language anxiety (FLA), and students’ self-efficacy despite the significant role that PBA plays in influencing second language learning processes (SS-E). 

Keywords: RCA, AM, FLA, PBA, SS-E, curriculum, morphology, teaching, assessment, etc.
ABOUT TERMINOLOGY OF UZBEK FOLKLORE STUDIES
Authors: Ismoilovna Boynazarova Nigora
Published: May 2023

In world linguistics, initially the scientific and practical significance of terms in the creation of various terminological dictionaries related to the terminological systems of the field was researched in several directions, but in recent years, including from the beginning of our century, attention has been paid to researching the language system, especially terminology, based on the principles of a new scientific paradigm. In linguistics, the important role of the folklore term in language development and issues of terminology are still in the focus of researchers’ attention. Clarifying the issue of the folklore term and its linguistic status, creating a linguistic and cultural interpretation of various terms, as well as their linguistic nature, etymology, methods of formation, lexical-semantic features, their paradigmatic relations, and standardization of synonymy and doublet possibilities have also become one of the main issues of world linguistics.

Keywords: term, folklore terminology, language, specific terminological system, dictionary, history.
“My Superpower is Being Honest:” Perceived Credibility and Parasocial Relationships with Alex Jones
Authors: Madison T. Phillip , Wright Kaitlyn , Gaspard Timothy
Published: May 2023

This study explored perceptions of Infowars host Alex Jones’ credibility, and functions of audience parasocial relationships (PSRs) using a sample of Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) workers (N = 584). Several PSR functions predicted perceived credibility of Alex Jones and viewing of Infowars. The conflict and self-understanding functions predicted perceived credibility while relationship maintenance, catharsis, and compensation predicted viewing Infowars. Demographic factors had no significant effect on perceived credibility, although education level was a negative predictor of viewing.
The “Cruel and Unusual” Legacy of the Star Chamber
Authors: Dripps Donald A.
Published: May 2023

Supreme Court justices have read the “cruel and unusual pun-ishments” clause as prohibiting torturous methods of punishment, prohibiting grossly disproportionate punishments, and/or prohibit-ing arbitrary discretion over the infliction of the death penalty. All three accounts face familiar and formidable historical challenges. There is general agreement that the founders took the clause from Article 10 of the English Bill of Rights, and that Article 10 repudi-ated the sentence passed on Titus Oates by the infamous Judge Jef-freys in 1685. Yet, although the methods of punishment inflicted on Oates—two days of horrific flogging, recurring stands in the pillory, and life imprisonment—were horrific, they were not capi-tal, were not unusual in 1685, and were all included in the Crimes Act passed by the First U.S. Congress in 1790. None of the major interpretations of “cruel and unusual punishment” accounts for this puzzling aspect of the aftermath of the Oates case. Nor do they ex-plain the adoption of the Eighth Amendment, which primarily re-sponded to Anti-Federalist fears that Congress might adopt tor-turous methods of capital punishment. Prevailing theories fail to account for the disconnect between what the English provision did and what the American provision meant to do. This Article argues that prevailing accounts are breathtakingly incomplete. The full story begins not with the flogging of Titus Oates in 1685, but with the abolition of the Star Chamber in 1641. Sen-tencing Oates, Jeffreys claimed for King’s Bench all the Star Chamber’s lawless power to determine punishments less than capi-tal. The English Article 10 repudiated this attempt to resurrect the Star Chamber. Then Congress, responding to Anti-Federalist fears about Congress adopting European-style executions by torture, freighted the “cruel and unusual” language with two additional meanings. The clause now applied to capital, as well as noncapital, penalties. It now also restricted legislative as well as judicial discre-tion. Synthesizing the English original and the later concerns of the American founders, the Eighth Amendment forbids lawless dis-cretion in both capital and noncapital cases, and torturous methods of punishment. Proportionality was left to the legislature, subject to the powerful check provided by a constitutional requirement of even-handed enforcement. At a time when the Court is reconsidering longstanding prece-dents from originalist premises, this account is not only a major advance in the academic literature. It may also be, practically speaking, a matter of life and death.
Desafios, adversidades e lições para o ensino de Física para alunos surdos em tempos de pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Picanço Lucas Teixeira , Andrade Neto Agostinho Serrano de , Geller Marlise
Published: May 2023

A pandemia de Covid-19 afetou bilhões de pessoas e ceifou a vida de milhões em todo o mundo, causando transformações profundas e dolorosas. Essa pandemia tem impactado vários setores da atividade humana, expondo inúmeras fragilidades e agravando problemas sociais e econômicos cronicamente negligenciados. Entre essas atividades, a educação foi uma das mais afetadas. Assim, neste artigo, é abordada a educação Especial, e mais especificamente a educação de surdos neste período de pandemia, a partir do relato de um professor de física de uma escola especial da rede estadual da cidade de Porto Alegre - RS. A análise dos dados foi realizada na perspectiva da Pesquisa Social Interpretativa e é apresentado neste artigo como esse professor tem vivenciado essa mudança inesperada no ensino, bem como o que ele vivenciou até agora, segundo as suas próprias perspectivas e o que considera mais relevante neste contexto. É traçado um paralelo entre essa realidade local e outros contextos educacionais disponíveis na literatura, tanto no país como no exterior. Apresentam-se também relatos sobre os desafios e adversidades encontradas, as soluções implementadas e as perspectivas desses profissionais, pais e alunos, sobre o ensino a distância de surdos. As melhores práticas, lições importantes sobre resiliência, adaptação e superação desses obstáculos e as perspectivas futuras para o ensino a distância desses alunos também são destacadas. Com este artigo, pretende-se auxiliar alunos e professores neste momento desafiador de distanciamento físico, ensino remoto e/ou híbrido.
Poéticas da violência: entremeios com Angélica Freitas e Berna Reale
Authors: Guida Angela , Machado Daniel Almeida
Published: May 2023

No campo das artes, há uma inquietação, seja ela nomeada ou não, que problematiza e busca representar como a violência era e é instaurada na sociedade, de modo a regulamentar e aprisionar determinados modos de ser, agir e estar. Desse modo, a fim de perscrutar tal incômodo presente na cultura brasileira contemporânea, este estudo elenca e analisa poemas da escritora gaúcha Angélica Freitas, bem como performances da artista visual paraense Berna Reale naquilo que pensamos como mais insurgente em suas produções poéticas/artísticas: a denúncia da violência.
Thunderstorm dynamics in a scale interaction
Authors: Dias Maria Assunção F. Silva
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a review of thunderstorm dynamics through the use of the vorticity equation with a focus on the development of rotation, an indicator of storm severity. The processes involved in the scale interaction are basically the tilting of vortex tubes while the divergence (or ballerina) term, being highly non-linear, provides intensification of incipient vorticity. A brief account of numerically simulated storms in Brazil with well defined wind shear in the storm environment is presented.
A routine calculating the time dependent mixing height in coastal sites
Authors: Martano Paolo
Published: May 2023

Descreve-se um algoritmo de cálculo da altura h da camada de mistura atmosférica a partir de dados pontuais de fluxo de calor sensível e momento, vento e temperatura , em função do tempo. O algoritmo utiliza uma expressão estacionária para a altura da camada de mistura costeira que permite evitar a solução de uma equação diferencial em derivadas parciais para a evolução de h em função do tempo t e da distância a sotavento da linha da costa, reduzindo o problema a uma integração direta no tempo. O algoritmo foi introduzido dentro de um esquema, previamente desenvolvido, que permite a execução contínua do cálculo no ciclo diurno (24 horas). Compara-se a evolução de h(t) calculada por alguns dias num sítio costeiro com estimativas de h obtidas por medidas de Sodar. Tópico: Medidas de parâmetros micrometeorólogicos na camada limite planetária.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Saliva for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in State-sponsored Quarantine in Thailand
Authors: Sirikhetkon Somrak , Shrestha Manash , Okada Pilailuk Akkapaiboon , Prasert Kriengkrai , Phonsingh Poolsap , Intharachat Suthee , Mungomklang Anek
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of saliva for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes among people in state-sponsored quarantine in Thailand. A cohort of 233 Thais in state-sponsored quarantine in Bangkok was enrolled into the study. Baseline demographic characteristics, presence of underlying diseases, and symptoms related to COVID-19 were collected on day 1 of the quarantine. Saliva specimens and nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs collected on day 7 at the quarantine premises were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Overall, the viral RNA was detected in 32 (13.7%) NP swab samples, but only in 12 (5.2%) of the saliva samples. No person had NP negative but saliva positive result. Among the SARS-CoV-2 infected cases, nearly 20% had COVID-19-like illness and around 80% were asymptomatic. Sensitivity and specificity of saliva specimen were found to be 37.5% (95% confidence interval (CI)=21.1-56.3%) and 100% (95% CI=98.2-100%), respectively compared to the NP swab specimens. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was found to be 0.7 (95% CI=0.6-0.8). Our findings indicate that despite no false-positives, a high false-negative rate can occur with saliva specimen due to its low sensitivity, which limits its application in ruling out SARS-CoV-2 infection in quarantine settings.
Impact of a Missed Diagnosed COVID-19 Patient on Healthcare Workers at a Private Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, 2020
Authors: Dejburum Patcharaporn , Papwijitsil Ratchadaporn , Thananun Sirima , Suphanchaimat Rapeepong
Published: May 2023

On 23 Mar 2020, the Situation Awareness Team of the Emergency Operations Center, Department of Disease Control, was notified that a 44-year-old Thai male, who was infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), had died in a private hospital in Bangkok, and there was a suspicion that some healthcare workers were infected with SARS-CoV-2 following his death. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. We reviewed medical records of the index case, interviewed relatives of the index case, and performed contact tracing using a standard questionnaire. We could identify 206 high-risk contacts. Twenty out of 206 high-risk contacts were then found to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Fifteen of them were healthcare workers, two of them were current inpatients, and the other three were household contacts. The likely cause of disease spreading was the missed diagnosis of COVID-19 as the index case did not present with upper respiratory tract symptoms at the first visit to the hospital. Meal sharing among healthcare workers and sharing of a portable chest X-ray machine without proper protective equipment potentially served as other causes of COVID-19 spreading.
Die neue deutsche Migrationspolitik: Was der Paradigmenwechsel für afrikanische Partnerländer bedeutet
Authors: Arhin-Sam Kwaku , Fakhry Alia
Published: May 2023

Die deutsche Migrationspolitik in Afrika verspricht einen Paradigmenwechsel – der allerdings ohne große Wirkung bleibt und sich an alten Konzepten orientiert.
Experimental Investigation on Green Concrete by Using Natural Fiber as Chicken Feather
Authors:   Department Of Civil Engineering The Kavery Engineering College, Mecheri, TamilNadu, India., S Prabhavathi , R Gokul , M Mohanraj , I.C. Sugavaneshwran
Published: May 2023

After the removal chicken feather it is disposal on the land. The major problem of disposing the fines in land leads to varies environmental hazards like pollution in air and land. Strength behavior of concrete with partially added chicken feather. Fly ash 20%, 25%and 30%. Fine aggregate partially replaced by 50% of M- sand and partially replaced by 50% of coarse aggregate to recycled aggregate. concrete is prepared with chicken feather in different proportions namely 0.5%,0.75%and 1% concrete is strong in compression and weak in tension so increase tensile strength of concrete by using natural fiber as chicken feather. The various tests to be conducted on concrete such as compression strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength at 7 days, 14 days, 28 days. The test value are compared with the conventional concrete. Chicken feather is removed from poultry form. The mix design M40 has designed as per IS 10262:2009. The optimum percentage of chicken feather in found out from test results.
Mass reduction possibilities of connector in tilt mechanism of steering wheel using topology optimization
Authors:   Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi, Tamilnadu, India., M Kavin Kumar , S.A Hari Hara Sudhan , B Rohit , M Giridharadhalan
Published: May 2023

Design, Analysis, test and validation process of a tilt mechanism of steering column is mentioned in this study. The steering column is designed with the purpose of assembling it in EV vehicle. In order to increase market share of this EV vehicle that has tilt mechanism in steering column, to reduce the cost. Moreover works on weight reduction, cost reduction. Key Word: ANSYS, Connector.
GIS ANALYSIS OF THE VULNERABILITY OF FLASH FLOODS IN THE POREČKA RIVER BASIN (SERBIA)
Authors: Lukić Ana
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study is to identify and map the zones of different vulnerability to flash floods based on the geospatial analysis of natural conditions in the Porečka River basin (Republic of Serbia). The analysis covers the catchment area of the Porečka River (493.82 km2 ). Geospatial analysis was conducted using GIS software (QGIS 3.18). The Flash Flood Potential Index (FFPI) was used to determine the terrain's predisposition to flash floods, where the input data for determining the value of the index were the values of the following coefficients: the terrain slope, the type of geological substrate, the way of land use, and the bareness of the terrain.

The analysis determined that 50.43% of the total territory of the basin belongs to the class of high and very high susceptibility to flash floods, and when looking at the length of watercourses in the basin, that percentage is 81.94%. The results of this study clearly indicate the advantages of using modern GIS technologies in the land use and risk management. Geospatial analysis is of particular importance in the field of managing regions that stand out as particularly vulnerable to some natural disasters. 
THERMAL COMFORT IN BELGRADE, SERBIA: UTCI-BASED SEASONAL AND ANNUAL ANALYSIS FOR THE PERIOD 1991-2020
Authors: Lukić Milica , Đurić Dijana
Published: May 2023

The main goal of this research is to examine thermal comfort in the central area of Belgrade (Serbia), over a period of 30 years (1991-2020). The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was used as a measure for evaluating outdoor thermal comfort (OTC). The obtained results were considered separately for each season, as well as at the annual level. The analysis was carried out on the basis of an extensive database, which included hourly values (7h, 14h, 21h CET) of meteorological parameters, as well as their average daily, minimum, and maximum values.

The obtained values of UTCIs show a positive growth trend during all four seasons. A significant increase in the annual values of UTCIs was also recorded. Four of five years with the highest average UTCIs were recorded in the last decade of the survey, more precisely in the period 2015-2020. The years that stand out for the frequency of record spring, autumn and winter UTCIs values are 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. On an annual level, minimum UTCI value has rising trend of 0.099°C/year, while at maximum UTCI value, that trend is 0.081°C/year.
Digital Transformation Challenges: The Cyber Security Threats of Cryptocurrency Technology Use
Authors: Baraković Sabina , Baraković Husić Jasmina
Published: May 2023

Digital transformation is unstoppable and ongoing process that affects all segments of our everyday lives such as healthcare, banking and finance systems, public administration, or postal and logistics systems. One of the main engines of this process, among many, is the use of cryptocurrencies. Both of these concepts are usually addressed from the firm perspective, but they should be considered from the individual’s perspective as well. Cryptocurrencies recently face increased cyber security threats, thereby affecting the digital transformation and posing additional challenges to it. Therefore, this paper gives a brief overview of security threats and challenges characteristic for cryptocurrency technology today and discusses what can be expected tomorrow. We provide insight how these challenges can affect digital transformation process and propose ways to increase the level of protection for both individuals and organizations.
Digital transformation of postal services key success triggers
Authors: Mikavica Branka , Blagojević Mladenka , Kostić-Ljubisavljević Aleksandra
Published: May 2023

With the advancements in Information and Communication Technologies and widespread adoption of digital services at an ever-growing rate, postal operators are facing inevitable digital business transformation. The introduction of digital technologies in the postal sector over the last decades yielded a plethora of new opportunities but also poses some threats. To overcome revenue losses due to a substantial decrease in mail delivery services and changes in the postal services market, postal operators recognized the need for digital transformation in their core business activities. Digital innovations, e-commerce, data collection, and digital identity have accelerated the postal operators’ efforts to offer new services, improve efficiency, and adapt business strategies to the requirements of the digital economy. Thus, digital transformation has become a strategic priority for postal operators. In this paper, we analyze the main drivers of digital transformation in the postal sector. Key technological pillars of digital innovations in postal networks are highlighted. Furthermore, key success enablers and possibilities for improvements in digital postal services provisioning are presented.
Improvement of urban mobility supported with IoT technologies
Authors: Čolaković Alem , Memić Belma , Karahodža Bakir , Goran Nermin
Published: May 2023

Urban mobility is one of the most significant factors in the successful development and sustainable future of large cities. The increasing demand for fast, safe, and eco-friendly transportation services is a trend in modern society. These requirements pose the challenge of finding corresponding solutions for efficient mobility of people in urban areas. However, many problems are caused by the increased traffic in cities, leading to high congestion, negative impacts on the environment, rising security challenges, etc. Therefore, the research community and other stakeholders have increased their focus on finding solutions for these issues. The Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled the development of efficient and cost-effective solutions to enhance urban mobility. Enabling IoT technologies has become a significant driver for smart mobility concept development. The continuous development of IoT has led to various applications focused on urban mobility improvement. This paper presents some IoT possibilities and potentials for developing solutions for smart urban mobility.
Challenges and advantages of introducing electric vehicles in logistics operator’s fleet
Authors: Džananović Ajdin , Dacić Suada , Muharemović Ermin
Published: May 2023

The current market situation indicates an intensive increase in services offered by the logistics sector. To fulfill the growing demand, the logistics sector in the department of distribution of goods has several challenges, such as increasing fleet, increased mileage, difficulty in achieving an environmentally-friendly distribution chain. Each of these challenges requires organizational and managerial interventions in the process of functioning of the logistics sector. Given the needs of the market, environmental restrictions at the global level, the global issue of conventional fuels, research in this paper will focus on one of the elements for achieving an environmentally friendly and sustainable distribution chain. This paper targets to point out the challenges and advantages of replacing conventional vehicle vehicles with more environmentally-friendly vehicles. In the concept of Green Logistic, the basis for achieving an environmentally friendly logistics distribution chain are electric vehicles. The paper will identify the impact of logistics operations on the environment on the example of the vehicle fleet of a logistics operator in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which provides goods distribution services, using European models for assessing the environmental performance of vehicles. Research and application of scientific methods will determine the advantages, challenges, and possibilities of introducing electric vehicles in logistics operator’s fleet.
ESG management the main factors of sustainable business in the postal logistics sector
Authors: Šulentić Tomislav , Rakić Estera , Mostarac Katarina , Kavran Zvonko
Published: May 2023

Sustainability, along with globalization, e-commerce, and digitalization, is one of the main trends in business development, and is based on three main factors: Environment – the “Green” business; Social – Socially responsible business; Governance – Corporate management (ESG). ESG, with its guidelines, transforms the business into “smart” business for a sustainable future. In other words, it is a series of activities carried out by the companies, to achieve sustainable results for the welfare of the environment and the community in general. The implementation of the ESG management system, represents an organization of the company’s business aimed at opening the new growth potentials, increasing competitiveness, contributing to the economy, employees and the customers. Given the significant impact postal service providers have on the environment and society in general, the paper analyzes the trends in the implementation of the ESG management system. It also contributes to the identification of the major activities carried out in the green business segment to contribute the carbon neutrality by 2050.