bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stochastic inversion of seismic PP and PS data for reservoir parameter estimation
Authors: Chen Jinsong , Glinsky Michael E.
Published: October 2014

We have investigated the value of isotropic seismic converted-wave (i.e., PS) data for reservoir parameter estimation using stochastic approaches based on a floating-grain rock-physics model. We first performed statistical analysis on a simple two-layer model built on actual borehole logs and compared the relative value of PS data versus amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) gradient data for estimating the floating-grain fraction. We found that PS data were significantly more informative than AVO gradient data in terms of likelihood functions, and the combination of PS and AVO gradient data together with PP data provided the maximal value for the reservoir parameter estimation. To evaluate the value of PS data under complex situations, we developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to combine seismic PP and PS data and their associated time registration. We extended a model-based Bayesian method developed previously for inverting seismic PP data only, by including PS responses and time registration as additional data and PS traveltime and reflectivity as additional variables. We applied the method to a synthetic six-layer model that closely mimics real field scenarios. We found that PS data provided more information than AVO gradient data for estimating the floating-grain fraction, porosity, net-to-gross, and layer thicknesses when their corresponding priors were weak.
Assessment and treatment of physical health problems among people with schizophrenia: national cross-sectional study
Authors: Crawford Mike J. , Jayakumar Simone , Lemmey Suzie J. , Zalewska Krysia , Patel Maxine X. , Cooper Stephen J. , Shiers David
Published: October 2014

Background

In the UK and other high-income countries, life expectancy in people with schizophrenia is 20% lower than in the general population.

Aims

To examine the quality of assessment and treatment of physical health problems in people with schizophrenia.

Method

Retrospective audit of records of people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder aged ⩾18. We collected data on nine key aspects of physical health for 5091 patients and combined these with a cross-sectional patient survey.

Results

Body mass index was recorded in 2599 (51.1%) patients during the previous 12 months and 1102 (21.6%) had evidence of assessment of all nine key measures. Among those with high blood sugar, there was recorded evidence of 53.5% receiving an appropriate intervention. Among those with dyslipidaemia, this was 19.9%. Despite this, most patients reported that they were satisfied with the physical healthcare they received.

Conclusions

Assessment and treatment of common physical health problems in people with schizophrenia falls well below acceptable standards. Cooperation and communication between primary and secondary care services needs to improve if premature mortality in this group is to be reduced.
Insulin resistance and outcome in bipolar disorder
Authors: Calkin Cynthia V. , Ruzickova Martina , Uher Rudolf , Hajek Tomas , Slaney Claire M. , Garnham Julie S. , O'Donovan M. Claire , Alda Martin
Published: October 2014

Background

Little is known about the impact of insulin resistance on bipolar disorder.

Aims

To examine the relationships between insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and clinical course and treatment outcomes in bipolar disorder.

Method

We measured fasting glucose and insulin in 121 adults with bipolar disorder. We diagnosed type 2 diabetes and determined insulin resistance. The National Institute of Mental Health Life Chart was used to record the course of bipolar disorder and the Alda scale to establish response to prophylactic lithium treatment.

Results

Patients with bipolar disorder and type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance had three times higher odds of a chronic course of bipolar disorder compared with euglycaemic patients (50% and 48.7% respectivelyv.27.3%, odds ratio (OR) = 3.07,P= 0.007), three times higher odds of rapid cycling (38.5% and 39.5% respectivelyv.18.2%, OR = 3.13,P= 0.012) and were more likely to be refractory to lithium treatment (36.8% and 36.7% respectivelyv.3.2%, OR = 8.40,P<0.0001). All associations remained significant after controlling for antipsychotic exposure and body mass index in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

Comorbid insulin resistance may be an important factor in resistance to treatment in bipolar disorder.
Sexually Dimorphic Effect of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) on Adult Mouse Fat and Liver Metabolomes
Authors: Feuer Sky K. , Donjacour Annemarie , Simbulan Rhodel K. , Lin Wingka , Liu Xiaowei , Maltepe Emin , Rinaudo Paolo F.
Published: October 2014

The preimplantation embryo is particularly vulnerable to environmental perturbation, such that nutritional and in vitro stresses restricted exclusively to this stage may alter growth and affect long-term metabolic health. This is particularly relevant to the over 5 million children conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF). We previously reported that even optimized IVF conditions reprogram mouse postnatal growth, fat deposition, and glucose homeostasis in a sexually dimorphic fashion. To more clearly interrogate the metabolic changes associated with IVF in adulthood, we used nontargeted mass spectrometry to globally profile adult IVF- and in vivo-conceived liver and gonadal adipose tissues. There was a sex- and tissue-specific effect of IVF on adult metabolite signatures indicative of metabolic reprogramming and oxidative stress and reflective of the observed phenotypes. Additionally, we observed a striking effect of IVF on adult sexual dimorphism. Male-female differences in metabolite concentration were exaggerated in hepatic IVF tissue and significantly reduced in IVF adipose tissue, with the majority of changes affecting amino acid and lipid metabolites. We also observed female-specific changes in markers of oxidative stress and adipogenesis, including reduced glutathione, cysteine glutathione disulfide, ophthalmate, urate, and corticosterone. In summary, embryo manipulation and early developmental experiences can affect adult patterns of sexual dimorphism and metabolic physiology.
Combining sky and Earth: Desert ants (Melophorus bagoti) show weighted integration of celestial and terrestrial cues
Authors: Legge Eric L. G. , Wystrach Antoine , Spetch Marcia L. , Cheng Ken
Published: October 2014

Insects typically use celestial sources of directional information for path integration, and terrestrial panoramic information for view-based navigation. Here we set celestial and terrestrial sources of directional information in conflict for homing desert ants (Melophorus bagoti). In Experiment 1, ants learned to navigate out of a round experimental arena with a distinctive artificial panorama. On crucial tests, we rotated the arena to create a conflict between the artificial panorama and celestial information. In Experiment 2, ants at a feeder in their natural visually-cluttered habitat were displaced prior to their homing journey so that the dictates of path integration (feeder-nest direction) based on a celestial compass conflicted with the dictates of view-based navigation (release point-nest direction) based on the natural terrestrial panorama. In both experiments, ants generally headed in a direction intermediate to the dictates of celestial and terrestrial information. In Experiment 2, the ants put more weight on the terrestrial cues when they provided better directional information. We conclude that desert ants weight and integrate the dictates of celestial and terrestrial information in determining their initial heading, even when the two directional cues are highly discrepant.
Physiological and behavioral evidence of a capsaicin sensitive TRPV-like channel in the medicinal leech
Authors: Summers Torrie , Holec Sara , Burrell Brian D.
Published: October 2014

Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels are found throughout animal kingdom where they play an important role in sensory transduction. In this study we combined physiological studies with in vivo behavioral experiments to examine the presence of a putative TRPV-like receptor in the medicinal leech, building upon earlier studies in this lophotrochozoan invertebrate. The leech polymodal nociceptive neuron was activated by both peripheral and central application of the TRPV1 activator capsaicin in a concentration-dependent manner, with 100 μM being the lowest effective concentration. Responses to capsaicin were inhibited by the selective TRPV1 antagonist SB366791. The polymodal nociceptive neuron also responded to noxious thermal stimuli (>40°C) and this response was also blocked by SB366791. Capsaicin sensitivity was selective to the polymodal nociceptor with no direct response being elicited in the mechanical nociceptive neuron or in the non-nociceptive touch- or pressure sensitive neurons. Capsaicin also elicited nocifensive behavioral responses (withdrawals and locomotion) in a concentration-dependent manner and these behavioral responses were significantly attenuated with SB366791. These results suggest the presence of a capsaicin-sensitive TRPV-like channel in the medicinal leech CNS and are relevant to both the evolution of nociceptive signaling.
Kinetic Control of Electron Transfer at Doped Zinc Oxide/Redox-active Molecule Interface for Photocurrent Rectification
Authors: Suzuka Michio , Hara Shu , Sekiguchi Takashi , Oyaizu Kenichi , Nishide Hiroyuki
Published: October 2014

Reactivity of redox-active molecules for heterogeneous electron-transfer processes at the surface of doped zinc oxide substrates depended on their energy levels. The redox-active molecules with negative redox potentials displayed a reversible electrochemical response but those with positive redox potentials were characterized by slow electrode kinetics, which was attributed to more than three times larger heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant for the former redox-active molecules. A photovoltaic cell using methyl viologen as an acceptor molecule, TEMPOL as a donor molecule, and the doped ZnO as the transparent conducting substrate gave high photovoltage, which was ascribed to the reactivity of the redox-active molecules at the doped ZnO surface.
Facile Synthesis of Thermally Stable Mesoporous Titania Spheres with Excellent Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Park Su Bin , Sivaranjani Kumarsrinivasan , Na Hyun Jung , Li Zhenghua , Choi Yeong-Jin , Yang Young-Jun , Man Kim Ji
Published: October 2014

Thermally stable mesoporous TiO2 spheres were successfully prepared via in situ hydrolysis of a titanium glycolate precursor. The mesoporous nature was retained even with calcination up to 500 °C under static air conditions. Mesoporous TiO2 calcined at 500 °C showed the maximum photocatalytic activity. This is mainly attributed to the better utilization of charge carriers due to the low diffusional length along with high surface area and well-defined nanocrystallinity.
Rational experiment design for sequencing-based RNA structure mapping
Authors: Aviran Sharon , Pachter Lior
Published: October 2014

Structure mapping is a classic experimental approach for determining nucleic acid structure that has gained renewed interest in recent years following advances in chemistry, genomics, and informatics. The approach encompasses numerous techniques that use different means to introduce nucleotide-level modifications in a structure-dependent manner. Modifications are assayed via cDNA fragment analysis, using electrophoresis or next-generation sequencing (NGS). The recent advent of NGS has dramatically increased the throughput, multiplexing capacity, and scope of RNA structure mapping assays, thereby opening new possibilities for genome-scale, de novo, and in vivo studies. From an informatics standpoint, NGS is more informative than prior technologies by virtue of delivering direct molecular measurements in the form of digital sequence counts. Motivated by these new capabilities, we introduce a novel model-based in silico approach for quantitative design of large-scale multiplexed NGS structure mapping assays, which takes advantage of the direct and digital nature of NGS readouts. We use it to characterize the relationship between controllable experimental parameters and the precision of mapping measurements. Our results highlight the complexity of these dependencies and shed light on relevant tradeoffs and pitfalls, which can be difficult to discern by intuition alone. We demonstrate our approach by quantitatively assessing the robustness of SHAPE-Seq measurements, obtained by multiplexing SHAPE (selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension) chemistry in conjunction with NGS. We then utilize it to elucidate design considerations in advanced genome-wide approaches for probing the transcriptome, which recently obtained in vivo information using dimethyl sulfate (DMS) chemistry.
Territory-Based Vehicle Routing in the Presence of Time-Window Constraints
Authors: Schneider Michael , Stenger Andreas , Schwahn Fabian , Vigo Daniele
Published: October 2014

Territory-based routing approaches (TBRAs) are commonly used to achieve high service consistency, e.g., in the small package shipping industry, but their drawback is a decline in routing flexibility. Consequently, a high percentage of time-definite deliveries, as common in the small package shipping sector, should have a significant negative effect on the solution quality of TBRAs. To the best of our knowledge, no study exists on the magnitude of this effect and the factors that influence it. Therefore, we develop a two-phase TBRA and use it (i) to investigate the design requirements of a TBRA for successfully handling time windows, and (ii) to study the influence of time window constraints on the performance of such an approach. We find that the consideration of geographical aspects in the districting is paramount for generating high-quality territories, whereas explicitly incorporating time window characteristics and historical demand data does not lead to a perceptible improvement of the solution quality. Moreover, the efficiency and feasibility forfeits of our TBRA in comparison to daily route reoptimization (RR) are larger if time windows are present. However, significantly higher consistency improvements compared to RR are achieved for time-constrained problems. This is due to the fact that RR solutions to time-definite problems exhibit lower consistency and thus a higher potential for improvement by using a TBRA, which constitutes an important insight for practitioners.
CORBA AND MPI-BASED “BACKBONE” FOR COUPLING ADVANCED SIMULATION TOOLS
Authors: Seydaliev M. , Caswell D.
Published: October 2014

There is a growing international interest in using coupled, multidisciplinary computer simulations for a variety of purposes, including nuclear reactor safety analysis. Reactor behaviour can be modeled using a suite of computer programs simulating phenomena or predicting parameters that can be categorized into disciplines such as Thermalhydraulics, Neutronics, Fuel, Fuel Channels, Fission Product Release and Transport, Containment and Atmospheric Dispersion, and Severe Accident Analysis. Traditionally, simulations used for safety analysis individually addressed only the behaviour within a single discipline, based upon static input data from other simulation programs. The limitation of using a suite of stand-alone simulations is that phenomenological interdependencies or temporal feedback between the parameters calculated within individual simulations cannot be adequately captured.

To remove this shortcoming, multiple computer simulations for different disciplines must exchange data during runtime to address these interdependencies. This article describes the concept of a new framework, which we refer to as the “Backbone,” to provide the necessary runtime exchange of data. The Backbone, currently under development at AECL for a preliminary feasibility study, is a hybrid design using features taken from the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), a standard defined by the Object Management Group, and the Message Passing Interface (MPI), a standard developed by a group of researchers from academia and industry. Both have well-tested and efficient implementations, including some that are freely available under the GNU public licenses. The CORBA component enables individual programs written in different languages and running on different platforms within a network to exchange data with each other, thus behaving like a single application. MPI provides the process-to-process intercommunication between these programs.

This paper outlines the different CORBA and MPI configurations examined to date, as well as the preliminary configuration selected for coupling 2 existing safety analysis programs used for modeling thermal–mechanical fuel behavior and fission product behavior respectively. In addition, preliminary work in hosting both the Backbone and the associated safety analysis programs in a cluster environment are discussed.
Boys will be boys…
Authors: Hempsall James
Published: October 2014

Asking boys to sit still, be quiet and not compete, does not always get the best response. James Hempsall invites you to take a step back and reflect carefully on how you can encourage them to engage and learn.
Wriggle, race and count
Authors: Cullen Judith , Thompson Katy
Published: October 2014

Tactile and friendly, these material snakes from supplier Yellow Door are proving a hit with pre-schools, who are using them as a flexible resource for number work. They are also durable and easy to keep clean.
Process as value in collaborative arts-based inquiry
Authors: Lett Warren , Fox Kim , von der Borch Danielle
Published: October 2014

This article discusses the evidence generated by a multimodal inquiry in a post-graduate counselling programme, where two students and a staff member co-researcher explored the arts processes they found most effective in a shared search for meaning. Here the roles of client and therapist were transformed into enquirer and companion and the focus was on the process of inquiry. Their self-reports, companion/witness reports and art representations (poems) provide evidence of their processes and dialogues over extended time. This evidence offers support for the value of arts-based inquiry set in relational processes marked by safety and trust for the meaning-making that can contribute to health.
Playing, new music technology and the struggle with achieving intersubjectivity
Authors: Lagerlöf Pernilla , Wallerstedt Cecilia , Pramling Niklas
Published: October 2014

This study is an empirical investigation of what activities evolve when children interact with and around a new music technology (an Interactive Reflexive Musical System (IRMS), a kind of computationally augmented instrument), with and without an adult actively participating. What the nature of the participations’ communication is, what structuring resources they are introduced to and use, and whether or not the participants establish temporarily sufficient intersubjectivity are analysed. The empirical data consist of video observations from an after-school centre of, first, the children themselves interacting with each other and the music technology, and second, with a teacher participating in the activity. The result shows that the activities developed into different types of play-based participations: make-believe and/or musical play. Although the adult provides some structuring resources (counting, using metaphors and gestures) to engage the children in a ‘musical dialogue’ with the system, the participants do not establish temporarily sufficient intersubjectivity for engaging in a joint activity of this kind. The finding that the children (and adult) engage in many different kinds of activities illustrates the creative and open-ended nature of participating in social practices.
Awareness of multicultural education teachers perceived principal multicultural influences on teaching efficacy of teachers
Authors: Choi Sung Bo , Kim Young Hak
Published: October 2014

Seeing out there to learn about multicultural education recognized by the principal of the elementary school teachers perceive teachers as the target affects the efficacy of multicultural teacher education faculty perceptions of multicultural education Does the principal objective of this study was to these. Conducted a survey of 500 people who are teachers working in elementary subjects. According to the results of the principal, and teachers also perceived importance and multicultural education, do have a significant impact on both the sub-area of multicultural teacher education teaching efficacy of general life, teaching techniques, recognition of relationships. Thus, a variety of ideas drawn attention to the development of multicultural education, etc., to make decisions for teachers to encourage, help, about the intellectual growth of teachers' attitudes towards trust and respect teachers, feedback, professor of multicultural multicultural environment improved principal may request that such efforts. Suggests that it must take measures to improve the efficacy of multicultural teacher education teachers are members of the school community for the development of multicultural education to motivate managers to work together, and this study is a school principal.
Critical dicourse analysis on the media's representation of multiculturalism
Authors: Jang Min Jung
Published: October 2014

This study explores the way in which multicultural programs in human documentary as TV program. This study employs the narrative analysis, especially focusing on characters and story-time, story-space, narrative themes, and discourse in < Between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law of multicultural > in EBS in order to investigate the multicultural values the program broadcast. According to the findings, < Between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law of multicultural > in EBS tends to use three discourse layers on main characters. In summary, daughter-in-law is introduced offstage at the beginning as ‘outsider’ ‘leaver’, and as the story continues she was labeled as ‘arriver’, This analogy in this case can be made to the discourse of mother-in-law as ‘supporter’ ‘objector’, ‘companion’. This implies that Korean cultural norms and conventions sets limits on the representation of multiculturalism.
Arquitetura e urbanismo
Authors: Maraschin Dra. Arq. Clarice , Ávila Campos Dra. Arq. Heleniza , Salomão Piccinini Dra. Arq. Lívia
Published: October 2014

O artigo, uma reflexão derivado da prática, discorre sobre alguns desafios conceituais e metodológicos colocados ao ensino do planejamento urbano na formação de arquitetos urbanistas. Aponta, inicialmente, interpretações recentes sobre a compreensão das cidades enquanto fenômenos dinâmicos e complexos; na seqüência, analisa o planejamento urbano como possibilidades e limites de intervenção nos processos sócio-espaciais. Então, situa criticamente o ensino do planejamento urbano, que incorpora, no discurso, a complexidade, mas ainda trabalha com métodos funcionalistas, e, por fim, aponta a necessária revisão das abordagens e metodologias, na área do ensino da Arquitetura e Urbanismo.
How to Combat the Unhealthy = Tasty Intuition: The Influencing Role of Health Consciousness
Authors: Mai Robert , Hoffmann Stefan
Published: October 2014

The goal conflict between short-term indulgence and long-term health considerations is at the heart of unhealthy food choices and is thus a key contributor to increased adiposity prevalence. Policy makers often attempt to promote healthy eating behaviors by raising consumers' health consciousness. Given that previous health campaigns have fallen short of expectations, this article examines the potential of health consciousness to resolve the so-called unhealthy = tasty intuition (UTI). Study 1 explores whether health consciousness attenuates belief in the UTI and its detrimental consequences for food choice and body mass. Study 2 applies the Implicit Association Test to disentangle the UTI's implicit and explicit processes. The results show that health consciousness operates only through cognitively controlled processes. Using real food products, Study 3 analyzes how health consciousness colors the influence of composition and labeling on tastiness and healthiness perceptions. The studies jointly demonstrate that the UTI partly works implicitly and independently of health consciousness. Thus, the obesity epidemic should be addressed through concerted actions that include policy makers' health communications and the food industry's product development.
Prediction of neural differentiation fate of rat mesenchymal stem cells by quantitative morphological analyses using image processing techniques
Authors: Kazemimoghadam Mahdieh , Janmaleki Mohsen , Fouani Mohamad Hassan , Abbasi Sara
Published: October 2014

Differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into neural cells has received significant attention in recent years. However, there is still no practical method to evaluate differentiation process non-invasively and practically. The cellular quality evaluation method is still limited to conventional techniques, which are based on extracting genes or proteins from the cells. These techniques are invasive, costly, time consuming, and should be performed by relevant experts in equipped laboratories. Moreover, they cannot anticipate the future status of cells. Recently, cell morphology has been introduced as a feasible way of monitoring cell behavior because of its relationship with cell proliferation, functions and differentiation. In this study, rat BMSCs were induced to differentiate into neurons. Subsequently, phase contrast images of cells taken at certain intervals were subjected to a series of image processing steps and cell morphology features were calculated. In order to validate the viability of applying image-based approaches for estimating the quality of differentiation process, neural-specific markers were measured experimentally throughout the induction. The strong correlation between quantitative imaging metrics and experimental outcomes revealed the capability of the proposed approach as an auxiliary method of assessing cell behavior during differentiation.
Existence of positive solutions for a class of fractional differential equation systems with multi-point boundary conditions
Authors: Akrami Mohammad Hussian , Erjaee Gholam Hussian
Published: October 2014

In this article, we study the existence of positive solutions of a multi-point boundary value problem for some system of fractional differential equations. The fixed point theorem on cones will be applied to demonstrate the existence of solutions for this system. At the end, an example shows the application of the main results.
Development of a Software Tool for Calculating Transmission Line Parameters and Updating Related Databases
Authors: Xiu Wanjing , Liao Yuan
Published: October 2014

Transmission lines are essential components of electric power grids. Diverse power system applications and simulation based studies require transmission line parameters including series resistance, reactance, and shunt susceptance, and accurate parameters are pivotal in ensuring the accuracy of analyses and reliable system operation. Commercial software packages for performing power system studies usually have their own databases that store the power system model including line parameters. When there is a physical system model change, the corresponding component in the database of the software packages will need to be modified. Manually updating line parameters are tedious and error-prone. This paper proposes a solution for streamlining the calculation of line parameters and updating of their values in respective software databases. The algorithms used for calculating the values of line parameters are described. The software developed for implementing the solution is described, and typical results are presented. The proposed solution is developed for a utility and has a potential to be put into use by other utilities.
Physicochemical Characterization of Arrowroot Starch (Maranta arundinacea Linn) and Glycerol/Arrowroot Starch Membranes
Authors: Sandoval Gordillo Carlos Andrés , Ayala Valencia Germán , Vargas Zapata Rubén Antonio , Agudelo Henao Ana Cecilia
Published: October 2014

In the current work, physicochemical properties of arrowroot starch and thermal properties of glycerol/arrowroot starch membranes were investigated. Arrowroot starch exhibited high purity (starch content >99%) with amylose content >40% and granule size dispersion between 29 and 126 μm. Arrowroot starch has a gelatinization temperature of 63.94°C and a B-type crystalline structure. Arrowroot starch, in combination with three levels of glycerol, was used to manufacture membranes by casting method. Increasing the plasticizer effect due to glycerol content increased the water weight loss of the membranes at temperatures higher than 110°C. Additionally, the onset temperature of the endothermic peak observed by differential scanning calorimetry and associated to water removal from the membranes changed with glycerol content. Physicochemical and thermal properties of arrowroot starch and glycerol/arrowroot starch membranes were similar to those reported previously for other starch sources. From the data obtained in this study, it is clear that arrowroot starch could have promising industrial applications.
Tolerability of the combination of ginger (Zingiber officinalis), gentian (Gentiana lutea) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) in patients with cancer-associated anorexia
Authors: Sanatani Michael , Younus Jawaid , Stitt Larry , Malik Nazish
Published: October 2014

Background: Anorexia is a common symptom for patients with advanced cancer. Gentian, ginger, and turmeric have traditionally been used to stimulate appetite. We tested these agents in combination, in a pilot study to assess tolerability in patients indicating 4/10 or worse anorexia on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, and who were not currently on chemotherapy. We collected exploratory data on the patient’s appetite using a visual analogue scale.

Methods: Between 2009 and 2012, 17 patients were enrolled in arm 1 (turmeric 1 g and ginger 1 g orally twice daily, and gentiana lutea tincture 1 mL three times a day, for 14 days). The three patients enrolled in arm 2 received the same doses of ginger and turmeric but no gentian. All patients completed a daily appetite diary and a weekly symptom assessment.

Results: In arm 1, seven patients (41%) completed treatment. Seven patients (41%) stopped early because of unacceptable toxicity or patient-initiated discontinuation, and 3 stopped because of other reasons. All patients in arm 2 stopped taking the study medication within few days of starting the treatment, leading the study committee to recommend stopping the trial. The most common adverse effects attributed to study drugs were nausea (6 patients), vomiting (3), fatigue (3), diarrhea (2) and bloating (2). There was no statistically significant effect seen on appetite.

Conclusions: At the doses used in this study, the combination of ginger, turmeric, and gentian is not tolerated well in cancer patients. Future studies should use fewer agents or lower doses.
Derivative Properties and the Too Many Thinkers Problem
Authors: Lim Joungbin
Published: October 2014

The central objection to the constitution view is the too many thinkers problem – if the animal that constitutes you thinks and you are not it, then there are two thinkers within the region you occupy. Lynne Rudder Baker claims that the animal thinks only derivatively, in virtue of constituting the person that thinks nonderivatively, and this leads to a solution to the too many thinkers problem. This paper offers two objections to Baker’s solution. First, the idea of derivative/nonderivative properties faces a dilemma unacceptable to constitutionalists: either the too many thinkers problem is reinstated or the constitution view is undermined by the idea itself. Further, Baker should concede that the person thinks in virtue of brain functions. This implies,contraBaker’s claim, that the person thinks derivatively and the animal thinks nonderivatively. The paper also considers a way in which Baker might respond to the two objections.
Against the Maximality Principle
Authors: Sutton C. S.
Published: October 2014

To hold that only one conscious thing is sitting in your chair, philosophers have appealed to maximality: If a property M is maximal, then anything that has property M does not have large proper parts that have property M. Philosophers have said that ordinary objects are maximal, including houses, cats, rocks, and have argued by analogy that consciousness is maximal. I argue that the maximality principle mistakenly excludes some members of a kind. Thus, it is not the correct principle to explain why, for example, you are conscious but the proper part that is all-of-you-but-your-arm is not conscious.
Relations and Order-Sensitivity
Authors: Liebesman David
Published: October 2014

I ate my broccoli, though my broccoli did not eat me. Theeatingrelation, like many other relations, differentiates between its arguments. The fact thateatingholds betweenaandbdoes not entail that it holds betweenbanda. How are we to make sense of this? The standard view is that relations are sensitive to the order of their arguments. As natural as this view is, it has been the target of a powerful objection from Kit Fine. I examine Fine’s objection and defend the standard view.
Whose parallellingualism? Overt and covert ideologies in Danish university language policies
Authors: Hultgren Anna Kristina
Published: October 2014

This paper aims to contribute to the study of multilingualism in the workplace by analysing top-down language policies advocating parallellingualism at Denmark’s eight universities. Parallellingualism, a key concept in Nordic language policy, has been suggested as a way to ensure an equitable balance between English and the Nordic language(s) without the former encroaching on the latter. Drawing on theories which consider discourses about language to constitute positioning for or against a particular social, moral or political order (Cameron 2012), the paper contrasts state- and institution-authored university language policies. The overall aim is to understand what the different actors mean when they invoke ‘parallellingualism’. Supplementary data consist of a corpus of newspaper articles on the topic of the use of English and Danish at Danish universities published in the same period as the university language policies. It is argued that while both state and institution-authored policies overtly advocate ‘parallellingualism’ as a guiding principle for managing multilingualism at Danish universities, in the state-authored policies, this seems to mean ‘more Danish’, while in the institution-authored policies it seems to mean ‘more English’. Some underlying ideologies of each of these positions are proposed before the implications for workplace discourse are discussed.
Dating the Shift to English in the Financial Accounts of Some London Livery Companies: A Reappraisal
Authors: Alcolado Carnicero José Miguel
Published: October 2014

A mixed-language phenomenon such as language shift has been acknowledged to constitute one of the hallmarks of the manuscripts in which the members of the City of London livery companies recorded their financial transactions during the late medieval period. Despite these texts having been studied by scholars in very diverse disciplines, inconsistencies pertaining to the exact date when some companies shifted from Latin and/or French to English as their official language of record keeping have prevailed in the literature. This article is intended to shed light on the evolution over time of language shift in different livery companies, by revisiting the two single studies which, albeit marginally, have so far touched on this topic (Heather Creaton’s [1976] edition and translation of the London Mercers’ Wardens’ Accounts and Lisa Jefferson’s [2003] edition and translation of the London Goldsmiths’ Wardens’ Accounts and Court Minutes), and by contrasting each perspective with linguistic information from first-hand sources. I conclude that there remains a need for a much more consistent and focused approach to the issue of language shift in the City of London livery companies.
Impact of Endovascular Technique on Fluoroscopy Usage: Stent-Assisted Coiling versus Flow Diversion for Paraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Miller Timothy R. , Jindal Gaurav , Krejza Jaroslaw , Gandhi Dheeraj
Published: October 2014

Flow diversion is increasingly being utilized for the treatment of internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of endovascular technique-flow diversion versus stent-assisted coiling (SAC) on fluoroscopy time in patients treated for wide-neck paraclinoid ICA aneurysms. A retrospective review identified the 20 most recent consecutive patients treated for wide-neck paraclinoid ICA aneurysms by flow diversion and SAC respectively. Fluoroscopy time, cumulative dose area-product (DAP), contrast usage, intra-procedural complications, and total procedure time were collected and compared between the two treatment techniques. Treatment groups were comparable in terms of demographics, contrast usage, and clinical and angiographic outcomes. Flow diversion was associated with a significant reduction in fluoroscopy time (52.0 minutes versus 77.4 minutes), and demonstrated a strong trend towards shorter total procedure time (172 minutes versus 202 minutes). Average patient radiation exposure as measured by DAP was lower in the flow diversion group, 13225 mGy x cm2 versus 15124 mGyx cm2, although this finding was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in contrast usage between the two groups, 152 ml and 159 (flow diversion and SAC respectively). The rate of complete aneurysm occlusion was higher in the flow diversion group (80% versus 60%). Endovascular treatment of paraclinoid ICA aneurysms with flow diversion is associated with shorter fluoroscopy times compared to stent-assisted coiling. There is also a likely reduction in overall procedure time. These results should be considered when recommending a treatment course for patients with such lesions.
Ainda conectado: o PT e seus vínculos com a sociedade
Authors: Amaral Oswaldo
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar que o Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) continua mantendo vínculos sólidos com a sociedade civil organizada e a atrair filiados, apesar das transformações pelas quais passou a partir da segunda metade da década de 1990, especialmente sob aspecto ideológico-programático. A partir da análise de dados sobre os filiados e a organização partidária, bem como de surveys realizados com os delegados petistas reunidos em encontros nacionais entre 1997 e 2007, mostramos que o PT continua permeável à participação de atores da sociedade civil organizada assim como teve um crescimento significativo no número de membros durante os anos do governo Lula.
As Conferências Públicas Nacionais e a formação da agenda de políticas públicas do Governo Federal (2003-2010)
Authors: Petinelli Viviane
Published: October 2014

Este artigo examina a incorporação de deliberações das conferências nacionais na agenda de políticas públicas do governo federal e sugere aspectos que afetam a capacidade desses espaços de influenciar esse processo. A hipótese é de que o grau de incorporação de cada conferência, isto é, sua capacidade inclusiva, varia de acordo com a política pública debatida, na medida em que cada política possui finalidade própria, envolve um tipo distinto de sociedade civil e compete a uma instituição com centralidade política diferente. Para testar essa proposição, o artigo compara as conferências nacionais de aquicultura e pesca, de políticas para mulheres e de políticas de promoção da igualdade racial. Os resultados encontrados corroboram a suposição deste trabalho na medida em que atestam que conferências de política pública distintas apresentam capacidade inclusiva diferente.
Postnatal Diagnosis of a Baby with Multiple Rare Congenital Anomalies Including Syngnathia, Brain Dysmorphism, and Skin Pigmentation
Authors: Mahgoub Linda , Joynt Chloe , Bhargava Ravi , Davies Dawn , El-Hakim Hamdy , Dobrovolsky Walter
Published: October 2014

Syngnathia is a rare congenital disorder of jaw fusion with a paucity of literature from developed countries. We present a case of an infant noted to have multiple anomalies at birth including syngnathia, microcephaly with a variant of brain abnormality between holoprosencephaly and syntelencephaly, optic nerve hypoplasia, ear canal anomalies, hemi-vertebrae, and suspected hypomelanosis of Ito. To our knowledge, this patient with syngnathia and multiple anomalies is the first to be reported, but whether they are a coincidence, a pathogenetic association, or a new syndrome remains unknown. This case is discussed with a brief review of the literature.
Gene Status in HER2 Equivocal Breast Carcinomas: Impact of Distinct Recommendations and Contribution of a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Method
Authors: Sapino Anna , Maletta Francesca , Verdun di Cantogno Ludovica , Macrì Luigia , Botta Cristina , Gugliotta Patrizia , Scalzo Maria Stella , Annaratone Laura , Balmativola Davide , Pietribiasi Francesca , Bernardi Paolo , Arisio Riccardo , Viberti Laura , Guzzetti Stefano , Orlassino Renzo , Ercolani Cristiana , Mottolese Marcella , Viale Giuseppe , Marchiò Caterina
Published: October 2014

Background.

The primary objectives of this study on carcinomas with equivocal HER2 expression were to assess the impact of distinct recommendations with regard to identifying patients eligible for anti-HER2 agents by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to elucidate whether multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) may be of support in assessing HER2 gene status.

Methods.

A cohort of 957 immunohistochemistry-evaluated HER2-equivocal cases was analyzed by dual-color FISH. The results were assessed according to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and College of American Pathologists (CAP) 2007 and 2013 guidelines for dual- and single-signal in situ hybridization (ISH) assays. A subgroup of 112 cases was subjected to MLPA.

Results.

HER2 amplification varied from 15% (ASCO/CAP 2007 HER2/CEP17 ratio) to 29.5% (FDA/EMA HER2 copy number). According to the ASCO/CAP 2013 interpretation of the dual-signal HER2 assay, ISH-positive carcinomas accounted for 19.7%. In contrast with the ASCO/CAP 2007 ratio, this approach labeled as positive all 32 cases (3.34%) with a HER2/CEP17 ratio <2 and an average HER2 copy number ≥6.0 signals per cell. In contrast, only one case showing a HER2 copy number <4 but a ratio ≥2 was diagnosed as positive. MLPA data correlated poorly with FISH results because of the presence of heterogeneous HER2 amplification in 33.9% of all amplified carcinomas; however, MLPA ruled out HER2 amplification in 75% of ISH-evaluated HER2-equivocal carcinomas.

Conclusion.

The ASCO/CAP 2013 guidelines seem to improve the identification of HER2-positive carcinomas. Polymerase chain reaction-based methods such as MLPA can be of help, provided that heterogeneous amplification has been ruled out by ISH.
Anti-seawater corrosion performance of coastal saline soil cured by slag composite cementitious material
Authors: Liu Chengbin , Ji Hongguang , Liu Juanhong
Published: October 2014

This research concerns anti-seawater corrosion performance of slag composite cementitious material (SM agent)-cured coastal saline soil in one year. Based on compressive strength, scanning electron microscopy, electron-dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis, this paper presents studies on the anti-seawater corrosion performance, micro-structure and hydration products of the shell of SM agent-cured saline soil in seawater curing. The test results show that SM agent-cured coastal saline soil in seawater generates compact hard calcium carbonate (CaCO3) shell, which not only prevents seawater erosion, but also prevents the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) to dissolve erosion, which is the fundamental reason why SM agent has a good anti-seawater corrosion performance.
Waste barriers in environmental geotechnics
Authors: Vardon Philip J , Heimovaara Timo J
Published: October 2014

One of the major problems or uses of environmental geotechnics is the containment or isolation of waste products from the wider environment. The key processes are often intrinsically multiphysical and/or chemical, which require analysis to reduce possible human or environmental exposure. This paper presents an overview of waste barriers in environmental geotechnics with a focus on two main types, (i) radioactive waste barriers and (ii) municipal waste barriers.
Failure and Deformation Mechanisms in Model Reinforced Walls Subjected to Different Loading Conditions
Authors: Gomes Romero C. , Palmeira Ennio M. , Lanz Daniela
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the results of tests with reinforced model walls submitted to different loading conditions. Different types of reinforcement materials and layouts were employed. Stress and displacement measurements were taken during the tests and failure mechanisms were identified. The results obtained showed that the failure mechanism developed depend on the reinforcement load-extension characteristics, adherence between soil and reinforcement and loading type. A good agreement between predicted and observed failure surfaces, using a simple stability analysis method, was also observed for stiff reinforcements.
Development of a General Time-Dependent Model for Geogrids
Authors: Kaliakin V.N. , Dechasakulsom M.
Published: October 2014

A simple yet general time-dependent mathematical model for geogrid reinforcement is presented. The model is based on the assumption that the time-dependent behavior of the reinforcement can be represented by creep isochrones. The model is capable of simulating the general time-dependent response of geogrids subjected to monotonic loading, which includes creep and relaxation as special cases. The model is formulated, calibrated, implemented, and its predictive capabilities verified. The range of applicability and limitations of the model are noted.
You are not always what we think you eat: selective assimilation across multiple whole‐stream isotopic tracer studies
Authors: Dodds W. K. , Collins S. M. , Hamilton S. K. , Tank J. L. , Johnson S. , Webster J. R. , Simon K. S. , Whiles M. R. , Rantala H. M. , McDowell W. H. , Peterson S. D. , Riis T. , Crenshaw C. L. , Thomas S. A. , Kristensen P. B. , Cheever B. M. , Flecker A. S. , Griffiths N. A. , Crowl T. , Rosi-Marshall E. J. , El-Sabaawi R. , Martí E.
Published: October 2014

Analyses of 21 15N stable isotope tracer experiments, designed to examine food web dynamics in streams around the world, indicated that the isotopic composition of food resources assimilated by primary consumers (mostly invertebrates) poorly reflected the presumed food sources. Modeling indicated that consumers assimilated only 33–50% of the N available in sampled food sources such as decomposing leaves, epilithon, and fine particulate detritus over feeding periods of weeks or more. Thus, common methods of sampling food sources consumed by animals in streams do not sufficiently reflect the pool of N they assimilate. Isotope tracer studies, combined with modeling and food separation techniques, can improve estimation of N pools in food sources that are assimilated by consumers. Food web studies that use putative food samples composed of actively cycling (more readily assimilable) and refractory (less assimilable) N fractions may draw erroneous conclusions about diets, N turnover, and trophic linkages of consumers. By extension, food web studies using stoichiometric or natural abundance approaches that rely on an accurate description of food‐source composition could result in errors when an actively cycling pool that is only a fraction of the N pool in sampled food resources is not accounted for.