bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Upah Minimum dan Angka Melek Huruf Terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran dan Kemiskinan di Provinsi Bali
Authors: Yoga I Made Sedana , Putra I Komang Trisna Eka , Utomo Rochmad Bayu
Published: February 2023

The significant increase in the number of poor and unemployed people in the Province of Bali over the past two years as part of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic which hit the joints of the economy has become a new problem that deserves further handling. This research is focused on discussing the causes of poverty by focusing on the employment aspect which includes wages and unemployment, as well as the educational aspect which is represented by the literacy rate indicator. The research objectives in this study are: (1) to analyze the effect of minimum wages and literacy rates on unemployment in Bali Province; (2) to analyze the effect of minimum wages, literacy rates, and unemployment on poverty in Bali Province; and (3) to analyze the role of unemployment in mediating the effect of minimum wages and literacy rates on poverty in Bali Province. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach. This study uses path analysis techniques in hypothesis testing. Secondary data were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Bali Province, and this study combined time series data and cross sectional data or in the form of panel data. The data processing aids used were Microsoft Excel and Eviews version 10. The results showed that (1) the minimum wage and literacy rate had a positive but not significant effect on unemployment; (2) the minimum wage has a negative and insignificant effect on poverty, the literacy rate has a direct negative and significant effect on poverty, and unemployment has a direct positive and significant effect on poverty; and (3) unemployment does not mediate the effect of minimum wages and literacy rates on poverty in Bali Province.
Citizens in a Pluralistic Society and Bhineka Tunggal Ika
Authors: Ita Rustiati Ridwan  , Irfan Fauzi
Published: February 2023

Indonesia, which is a pluralistic country, has serious challenges to continue to maintain the unity and integrity of the nation. Seeing the reality of the Indonesian nation with its various diversity, the nation's founders agreed on the concept of Bhieka Tunggal Ika as the country's motto. In addition, the role of citizens in a pluralistic society in maintaining diversity in Indonesia is a very important study carried out by various parties. So, this study will examine in detail how the concept of citizenship in a pluralistic society and Bhineka Tunggal Ika. This research was conducted using literature studies by analyzing various sources from books, journals, and other references. This research can provide insight and knowledge for various parties in examining the concept of citizenship, pluralistic society and Bhineka Tunggal Ika.
Metadata, communication and understanding in digital marketing communication)
Authors: Petkova Teodora
Published: February 2023

The study of digital marketing communications on the Web is inseparable from the study of the ways metadata with which the web content of these communications is or should be described. This article presents the aspects of digital marketing communication and understanding in the interactive, interconnected on the levels of text and metadata, hypermedia environment of the Web. The article argues that the texts of digital marketing communications on the Web should be perceived (and created) both as a collective action and together and from the point of view of their function as digital objects
Kontributi i familjes Deralla për çështjen Kombëtare Shqiptare
Authors: Labi Melsi
Published: February 2023

Në kumtesën time do të trajtoj kontributin e pinjollëve të familjes Deralla për çështjen kombëtare shqiptare. Familja Deralla i ka dhënë kombit figura të shquara, duke filluar me Hasan Derallën, Mehmet Pashë Derallën, Gajurin, Hysenin dhe Halimin. Të gjithë këta që përmenda më sipër, ndonëse kanë sakrifikuar për kombin shqiptar, si për ironi të fatit janë lënë në harresë të plotë. Pinjollët e familjes Deralla kanë lënë gjurmë në ngjarjet më madhore të kombit shqiptar, prandaj duhen vlerësuar ashtu siç e meritojnë, duke u ngritur në piedestalin e patriotizmit dhe të atdhedashurisë. Pluhuri i harresës u shkund disi me botimin e monografisë rreth jetës dhe aktivitetit të patriotit të madh Mehmet Pashë Deralla. Mbesa e tij, Valdete Deralla ka mundur të grumbullojë dokumente rreth jetës dhe aktivitetit të tij dhe me ndihmën e ushtarakut Vangjel Kasapi, në vitin 1995 u mundësua botimi i monografisë. Gjithashtu, në filmin “Nëntori i Dytë”, i cili është realizuar në vitet e sistemit komunist, figura e Mehmet Pashë Derallës është anashkaluar, ndonëse në të vetmen foto që kemi nga kremtimet e përvjetorit të parë të shpalljes së Pavarësisë së Shqipërisë, ai qëndronte në ballkon në krah të Ismail Bej Vlorës. Mehmet Pashë Deralla ka hyrë në histori si ministri i parë i Luftës së Shtetit Shqiptar. Për nder të tij, 4 Dhjetori është caktuar Festa e Kombëtare e Forcave të Armatosura Shqiptare. Sigurisht që ky është vlerësimi më i pakët për njeriun që sakrifikoi kaq shumë për çështjen kombëtare shqiptare. Sot e kësaj dite, ai që flaku tej medaljet e sulltanit dhe përqafoi idetë e shqiptarizmit, është pa varr. Eshtrat e patriotit të madh Mehmet Pashë Deralla meritojnë respekt dhe dashuri.
Arrijnë dokumente nga arkivat turke për Mehmet Pashë Derallën
Authors: Manaj Ramë
Published: February 2023

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Angazhimi diplomatik i Hasan Prishtinës për ndërkombëtarizimin e çështjes Kombëtare Shqiptare
Authors: Veselaj Kastriot
Published: February 2023

Për të realizuar qëllimet kryesore politike të Lëvizjes sonë Kombëtare, u vunë në aktivitet të gjitha forcat patriotike të popullit shqiptar. Edhe pse situata në arenën ndërkombëtare ishte në disfavor për çështjen shqiptare, megjithatë këta patriotë arritën ta ndërkombëtarizonin çështjen kombëtare në rrjedhat e diplomacisë së kohës. Njëri nga këta personalitete që me të drejtë nga studiuesit e historisë së diplomacisë, konsiderohet si “truri i lëvizjes kombëtare shqiptare dhe figura qendrore e ndërkombëtarizimit të kësaj çështje”, padyshim që ishte Hasan Prishtina. Aktivitetin e tij diplomatik e kishte filluar që nga koha kur ishte deputet në Parlamentin Osman, për të vazhduar atë ndaj pushtuesve të ndryshëm ballkanik dhe evropian, ku në fokus qendror të diskursit të tij politik ishte luftimi kundër padrejtësive dhe shtypjes që bëheshin ndaj popullit të tij, për ta fokusuar me organizime të ndryshme si dhe dërgime të letrave, peticioneve dhe memorandumeve të ndryshme në analet më të larta të Fuqive të Mëdha të kohës
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the small intestine of high malignant potential
Authors: Mladenović Aleksandar , Jovančević Miljan , Milošević Zoran
Published: February 2023

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are defined as mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract expressing proto-oncogene protein CD 117. GIST is a rare tumor of the small bowel, which can be difficult to diagnose and has a varied clinical outcome. Prognosis is dependent on tumor size and mitotic count. Radical surgical excision (R0) is the treatment of choice for resectable and non-metastatic disease. Imatinib is a first-line therapy for metastatic, unresectable or recurrent disease. In this case report, we describe large GIST of the small bowel with high malignant potential. Eight years after the operation, the patient is in good general condition with no signs of recurrence of the disease.
Leia-me negras: insurgências afroafetivas na prática pedagógica
Authors: Santos Fátima Santana
Published: February 2023

O livro é resultado de processo de pesquisa realizada junto ao Programa de Mestrado em Ensino e Relações Étnico-Raciais da Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia. A autora desenvolveu uma série de narrativas teórico-críticas a partir de itinerâncias formativas construídas, de 2015 a 2018, no Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil Dr. Djalma Ramos, em Lauro de Freitas/BA. A pesquisa realizada visou elaborar e debater, de forma epistemologicamente afrocentrada, narrativas docentes e escritas de si, auto/biografias de formação, que pudessem contribuir para uma educação antirracista para crianças pequenas. A primeira parte do livro traz um relato de formação descritivo e interpretativo, com traços do método etnográfico em educação, colocando em evidência experiências vividas pela autora, durante sua prática profissional como coordenadora pedagógica, em uma instituição escolar de ensino público. A segunda parte do livro traz reflexões e propostas educacionais, ao descrever e analisar práticas curriculares e projetos pedagógicos escolares. Ao longo do livro, são destacados, formulados e sistematizados princípios metodológicos para uma educação antirracista para crianças pequenas. Tais princípios foram identificados na materialidade das experiências pedagógicas do coletivo de professoras atuantes no CMEI Dr. Djalma Ramos. A base teórico-metodológica deste trabalho se fez, principalmente, com (ANZALDÚA, 2000; CAVALEIRO, 2001; 2017; MACEDO, 2013; 2015; JOSSO, 2004; RIBEIRO, 2017; HOOKS, 2005, 2006; ABRAMOWICZ, RODRIGUES, CONSENTINO, 2009; EVARISTO, 2007; JESUS, 2016).
Analysis of higher order Microstrip Filter to Reduce Out-of-Band Emissions
Authors: K H Manjunatha , Mehta S.
Published: February 2023

In this paper a fifth order wide-band Chebyshev micro-strip filter is designed at 5.2 GHz frequency, where the spectrum contains white spaces. The fifth order is extended to 7th, 9th, 11th, and 13th order and simulated using HFSS EM simulator. Simulation results show that compared to 5th order, the higher order filters provide more and more reduction in out-of-band emissions in increasing order from 5th to 13th order filter. A 13th order filter is fabricated and tested for more reduction in the OOBE by using dumbbell shaped slots as defected ground plane structure. Five such slots are made in the ground plane for better results to reduce more OOBE. This 13th order filer with slots is fabricated and tested. The substrate chosen is FR4 with height 1.6 mm. Here we have given a mathematical treatment for emission mask for OOBE according to ITU recommendations. The designed filter’s transmission characteristics from port 1 to port 2 give good agreement with the recommendations.
On the Computation of the Attenuation Constant by Using the Generalized Telegraphist’s Equations Based Electromagnetic Analysis Method
Authors: Simion S.
Published: February 2023

Numerical results for the attenuation constant obtained by using the generalized telegraphist’s equations (GTEs) based electromagnetic analysis method and comparison with the HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) results are reported. To calculate the attenuation constant with the GTEs method, not only the amplitudes of the voltage modes but also the amplitudes of the current modes must be found. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the relationships reported by other authors for the amplitudes of the current modes are not correct and new ones are proposed. To validate these relationships, the attenuation constants for homogeneous and different partially dielectric-filled rectangular waveguides are computed for the fundamental propagation mode by using the GTEs based analysis method and the results are compared with those obtained with HFSS. It is shown that using the revised relationships for the amplitudes of the current modes, the GTE method can be used to compute accurately the propagation and attenuation constant, but only for propagation modes in which the components of the electric field are not oriented perpendicular to the interface between different dielectrics. This limitation is not due to the proposed current mode relationships, but is due to the GTE method which cannot highlight the electric field discontinuities.
Electromagnetic guided mode resonance in dielectric grating affected by transformation of refractive index periodicity
Authors: Abramov A. , Yue Y. , Rumyantsev V.
Published: February 2023

The present work studied effects of transformation of refractive index periodicity on electromagnetic wave propagation through grating waveguides. In lieu of the standard refractive index periodicity, although its unit cell consists of two kinds of materials, we consider few such unit cells as a new supercell, where the material parameters in a standard unit cell are changed. It has been shown how by changing parameters of the periodicity to control the wavelength and intensity of resonant optical mode (guided mode resonance) arising inside grating area. High quality factor calculated for the specific angle of incidence and periodicity parameter. Thus, we demonstrated that transformation of refractive index provides additional tools of controlling the GMR, and that means the sample can be designed more functional in terms of real application.
Evaluation of Serum Lipoprotein (a) Levels and Novel Lipid Indices in Patients with Chronic Kidney DiseaseA Case-control Study
Authors: Kalaivani R , Anuja K , Uma T , Somana J Siva
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Majority of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients are more likely to die of cardiovascular complications, before reaching End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Although there are many risk factors contributing to pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in CKD subjects, dyslipidemia represents one of the modifiable risk factors. American Heart Association has recommended that CKD patients should be classified in the highest risk group for developing cardiovascular events. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) recommends, these patients should be evaluated for dyslipidemia and for treatment to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Aim: To evaluate serum Lipoprotein (a) {Lp(a)} levels and assess the significance of novel lipid indices in non dialysis patients of CKD. Materials and Methods: This analytical case-control study was conducted from January 2016 to June 2016 at Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It included 70 non dialysis CKD subjects and 70 healthy control subjects, adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fasting Blood Samples (FBS) were collected and analysed for: Fasting blood glucose, Fasting Lipid Profile, Serum Lp(a). Serum Lp(a) was estimated by immunoturbidimetry method and lipid profile by enzymatic method. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula and staging of CKD subjects was done, based on KDIGO guidelines. Novel lipid indices were calculated using appropriate formula. Statistical analysis of the tabulated data was done using Social Sciences of the Statistical Package (SPSS) software. Results: There were significant differences in the levels of FBS, Triglycerides (TG), Lp(a) between controls and non dialysis CKD subjects (p<0.001). Among Lipid Indices, Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and Lipid Tetrad Index (LTI) values were significantly higher in CKD subjects compared to controls (p<0.001), but there was no significant difference was seen in Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), Castelli’s Risk Index-I (CRI-I) and CRI-II values. AIP and LTI showed significant positive correlation with Lp(a). LTI had the highest Positive Predictive Value (PPV) (77.8%) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) (72.7%); AIP had PPV of 65.3% and NPV of 66.2%. Conclusion: The present study concludes that, among lipid indices, AIP and LTI are the most suitable for assessment of atherogenicity in non dialysis CKD. In developing countries like India, owing to high cost of tests like Serum Lp(a), novel lipid index AIP can serve as a cost-effective screening tool for monitoring cardiovascular disease risk in CKD patients.
Efficacy of Herbicides on Nutrient Uptake of Crop, Weed and Its Impact on Soil Microflora of Irrigated Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Infant Paul R. Arockia , Ammaiyappan A. , Srinivasan G. , Vendan R. Thamizh
Published: February 2023

Aim: Field experiment was conducted to study the suitable weed management methods to check the nutrient depletion by weeds, check the dynamics of microbial population and in relation to improve the biomass stover yield of maize (Zea mays L.).

Study Design: This experiment laid out in a randomized block design and 8 different weed management treatments with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu in kharif 2019.

Methodology: TNAU maize hybrid CO-6 was used for this experiment. Treatments were application of pre-emergence herbicide atrazine at 0.25 kg/ha or pendimethalin 1 kg/ha applied singly on 3 days after sowing and in combination with post-emergence herbicide tembotrione 120 g/ha or halosulfuron methyl 90 g/ha on 25 DAS, weed free check, unweeded check in maize crop. Weed nutrient depletion and microbial population was analysed in laboratory.

Results: The application of pre-emergence atrazine 0.25 kg/ha followed by post-emergence tembotrione 120 g/ha effective in controlling of grasses and BLW and enhance the nutrient uptake of maize. The stover maize yield increased with application of herbicides and sequential application of herbicides achieved 88% improved stover yield over unweeded check. Sequential application of herbicides initially reduce the population of soil microflora but the population gradually build up in all the herbicide applied plots at 60 days after application.

Conclusion: Based on the results of the experiment, it was concluded that pre-emergence atrazine 0.25 kg/ha followed by post emergence tembotrione 120 g/ha effective in controlling of weeds and enhance the nutrient uptake and stover yield of maize without much adverse impact on soil microbial population.
Discrepancy between Hospital Discharge Diagnosis and Emergency Department Admission Diagnosis
Authors: Mohammed Alanazi Faheem , Alyami Ali , Mujawwil Alanazi Najd
Published: February 2023

The objective is to investigate the matching between emergency department and discharge diagnosis as well as how investigations affect accurately of emergency department diagnosis. The study was conducted retrospectively over a six-month period. Setting: The emergency department Department at king Saud medical (KSMC), including four in-patient specialties: orthopedics, surgery, and medicine. Subjects: All patients that entered the emergency room during the study period. The correlation degree of hospital discharge diagnosis and admission diagnosis serve as the primary outcome markers. Results: 72% of diagnoses at admission completely or partially matched diagnoses at discharge. Young people, and traumatized cases had significantly superior diagnosis accuracy, according to data. The diagnostic accuracy was impacted by the specialization department and the investigations done. In conclusion, the physical examination and history are still the two most important diagnostic techniques employed in the emergency room. Simple tests available in the ER were frequently ineffective at improving diagnostic accuracy.
Delivering Bad News Badly
Authors: Farrell Matthew J.
Published: February 2023

In this narrative medicine essay, a resident physician practicing how to deliver bad diagnostic news to patients struck a balance upon learning that authenticity and presence were more important than the exact words he chose.
Targeting protein folding in N‐Myc‐driven medulloblastoma
Authors: Valinciute Gintvile , Roussel Martine F.
Published: February 2023

Selective targeting of N‐Myc‐driven Sonic hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma has been a challenge for many years and, despite decades of research, few targeted therapy opportunities exist. Recently, Kuzuoglu‐Ozturk et al. characterized the translatome of N‐Myc‐driven medulloblastoma as a promising therapeutic target. The study showed that N‐Myc controls a subset of members of the protein folding machinery that could be inhibited pharmacologically and validated a subset of Hsp70 functions as required for medulloblastoma progression in vitro and in vivo.
Van der Waals Epitaxy Enables Rollable Dielectric Superlattice for Record High Overall Energy Density
Authors: Zhong Gaokuo , Chen Qianxin , Zhang Yuan , Qu Ke , Yang Zhenzhong , Wang Jinbin , Zhong Xiangli , Ma Ming , Ren Chuanlai , Li Jiangyu
Published: February 2023

Nanoengineered polar oxide films have attracted much attention for electric energy storage thanks to their high energy density, though they are all deposited on thick and rigid substrates, resulting in inferior overall energy density and poor manufacturability. Herein, an alternative strategy is developed for oxide dielectrics utilizing van der Waals epitaxy on ultrathin and flexible mica substrate, with a dielectric superlattice of Pb0.92La0.08(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3‐SrTiO3 carefully engineered to break its long‐range antiferroelectric polar order. An ultrathin flexible capacitor is obtained as a result, with a record high overall energy density of 12.19 J cm−3 and an efficiency of 90.98%, and there is much room for further improvement since mica substrate can approach 2D limit. The superlattice can be easily rolled for large‐scale manufacturing, and the energy storage performances are well maintained under large bending deformation as well as extended bending cycling. The study thus establishes a viable route for dielectric oxide films, paving way for their practical applications in high‐energy density capacitors.
Assessing the Intrinsic Roles of Key Dopant Elements in High‐Nickel Layered Oxide Cathodes in Lithium‐Based Batteries
Authors: Cui Zehao , Guo Zezhou , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: February 2023

A rational compositional design is critical for utilizing LiNiO2‐based cathodes with Ni contents > 90% as promising next‐generation cathode materials. Unfortunately, the lack of a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic roles of key elements, such as cobalt, manganese, and aluminum, makes the rational compositional design of high‐Ni cathodes with a limited range of dopants (<10%) particularly challenging. Here, with 5% single‐element doped cathodes, viz., LiNi0.95Co0.05O2, LiNi0.95Mn0.05O2, and LiNi0.95Al0.05O2, along with undoped LiNiO2 (LNO), the influences of the dopants are systematically examined through a control of cutoff charge energy density and a common practice of cutoff charge voltage. Comprehensive investigations into the electrochemical properties, combined with in‐depth analyses of the structural and interfasial stabilities and electrolyte decomposition pathways through advanced characterizations, unveil the following: i) the intrinsic role of dopants regulates the cathode energy density or state‐of‐charge and, more critically, the occurrence of H2–H3 phase transition, which essentially dictates cyclability; ii) undoped LNO can be stabilized well with the avoidance of H2–H3 phase transition; and iii) Co provides more merits overall with an optimized electrochemical operating condition. This work provides guidance for the compositional design of high‐energy‐density high‐Ni cathodes and sheds light on the challenges of removing Co.
Unsupervised machine learning model to predict cognitive impairment in subcortical ischemic vascular disease
Authors: Qin Qi , Qu Junda , Yin Yunsi , Liang Ying , Wang Yan , Xie Bingxin , Liu Qingqing , Wang Xuan , Xia Xinyi , Wang Meng , Zhang Xu , Jia Jianping , Xing Yi , Li Chunlin , Tang Yi
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION

It is challenging to predict which patients who meet criteria for subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) will ultimately progress to subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI).

METHODS

We collected clinical information, neuropsychological assessments, T1 imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 83 patients with SVCI and 53 age‐matched patients with SIVD without cognitive impairment. We built an unsupervised machine learning model to isolate patients with SVCI. The model was validated using multimodal data from an external cohort comprising 45 patients with SVCI and 32 patients with SIVD without cognitive impairment.

RESULTS

The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the unsupervised machine learning model were 86.03%, 79.52%, and 96.23% and 80.52%, 71.11%, and 93.75% for internal and external cohort, respectively.

DISCUSSION

We developed an accurate and accessible clinical tool which requires only data from routine imaging to predict patients at risk of progressing from SIVD to SVCI.

Highlights

Our unsupervised machine learning model provides an accurate and accessible clinical tool to predict patients at risk of progressing from subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) to subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) and requires only data from imaging routinely used during the diagnosis of suspected SVCI.

The model yields good accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and is portable to other cohorts and to clinical practice to distinguish patients with SIVD at risk for progressing to SVCI.

The model combines assessment of diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging measures in patients with SVCI to analyze whether the “disconnection hypothesis” contributes to functional and structural changes and to the clinical presentation of SVCI.
Easy Access to Diverse Multiblock Copolymers with On‐Demand Blocks via Thioester‐Relayed In‐Chain Cascade Copolymerization
Authors: Zhang Ze , Xiong Yu , Yang Peng , Li Yang , Tang Rui , Nie Xuan , Chen Guang , Wang Long‐Hai , Hong Chun‐Yan , You Ye‐Zi
Published: February 2023

Multiblock copolymers are envisioned as promising materials with enhanced properties and functionality compared with their diblock/triblock counterparts. However, the current approaches can construct multiblock copolymers with a limited number of blocks but tedious procedures. Here, we report a thioester‐relayed in‐chain cascade copolymerization strategy for the easy preparation of multiblock copolymers with on‐demand blocks, in which thioester groups with on‐demand numbers are built in the polymer backbone by controlled/living polymerizations. These thioester groups further serve as the in‐chain initiating centers to trigger the acyl group transfer ring‐opening polymerization of episulfides independently and concurrently to extend the polymer backbone into multiblock structures. The compositions, number of blocks, and block degree of polymerization can be easily regulated. This strategy can offer easy access to a library of multiblock copolymers with ≈100 blocks in only 2 to 4 steps.
Symmetry‐Induced Singlet‐Triplet Inversions in Non‐Alternant Hydrocarbons**
Authors: Terence Blaskovits J. , Garner Marc H. , Corminboeuf Clémence
Published: February 2023

Molecules with inversion of the singlet and triplet excited‐state energies are highly promising for the development of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). To date, azaphenalenes are the only class of molecules where these inversions have been identified. Here, we screen a curated database of organic crystal structures to identify existing compounds for violations of Hund's rule in the lowest excited states. We identify two further classes with this behavior. The first, a class of zwitterions, has limited relevance to molecular emitters as the singlet‐triplet inversions occur in the third excited singlet state. The second class consists of twoD2h‐symmetry non‐alternant hydrocarbons, a fused azulene dimer and a bicalicene, whose lowest excited singlet states violate Hund's rule. Due to the connectivity of the polycyclic structure, they achieve this symmetry through aromatic stabilization. These hydrocarbons show promise as the next generation of building blocks for OLED emitters.
Highly Selective Photoelectroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethanol over Graphene/Silicon Carbide Composites
Authors: Feng Guanghui , Wang Shibin , Li Shenggang , Ge Ruipeng , Feng Xuefei , Zhang Junwei , Song Yanfang , Dong Xiao , Zhang Jiazhou , Zeng Gaofeng , Zhang Qiang , Ma Guijun , Chuang Yi‐De , Zhang Xixiang , Guo Jinghua , Sun Yuhan , Wei Wei , Chen Wei
Published: February 2023

Using sunlight to produce valuable chemicals and fuels from carbon dioxide (CO2), i.e., artificial photosynthesis (AP) is a promising strategy to achieve solar energy storage and a negative carbon cycle. However, selective synthesis of C2compounds with a high CO2conversion rate remains challenging for current AP technologies. We performed CO2photoelectroreduction over a graphene/silicon carbide (SiC) catalyst under simulated solar irradiation with ethanol (C2H5OH) selectivity of>99 % and a CO2conversion rate of up to 17.1 mmol gcat−1 h−1with sustained performance. Experimental and theoretical investigations indicated an optimal interfacial layer to facilitate the transfer of photogenerated electrons from the SiC substrate to the few‐layer graphene overlayer, which also favored an efficient CO2to C2H5OH conversion pathway.
Synthesis of P‐Stereogenic Phosphine Oxides via Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cross‐Coupling of Secondary Phosphine Oxides with Alkenyl and Aryl Bromides
Authors: Wang Chuanyong , Hu Xiaobo , Xu Cheng , Ge Qiangqiang , Yang Qingliang , Xiong Jianqi , Duan Wei‐Liang
Published: February 2023

A general and mild nickel‐catalyzed enantioselective C(sp2)−P cross‐coupling for synthesizing P‐stereogenic phosphine oxides has been developed. The asymmetric alkenylation/arylation of racemic secondary phosphine oxides with alkenyl/aryl bromides generated P‐stereogenic phosphine oxides with high yields and enantioselectivities. Various functional groups were tolerated, and the applications of this method were demonstrated through late‐stage functionalization and product transformations.
Direct π‐Activation vs. O‐Activation in Halogen‐Bonding Catalysis
Authors: Robidas Raphaël , Legault Claude Y.
Published: February 2023

Halogen bond donors had an increasing impact on catalysis in recent years, and their development is highly active. In particular, numerous iodine‐based halogen bond donors have been developed and used to promote various reactions through coordinating carbonyl groups, a ubiquitous mode of activation in catalysis. We now report computational data which strongly suggests that an alternative activation mode, through direct π‐complexation, is operative for unsaturated carbonyl substrates. Calculations also suggest that solvent polarity could have a clear impact on the preference of the mode of activation, raising the possibility of a mechanistic manifold switch through solvent variation. These findings could profoundly impact the development of the next generation of halogen‐bond donor catalysts.
Single‐Atom‐Mediated Spinel Octahedral Structures for Elevated Performances of Li‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Shuting , Ma Junguo , Chen Xin , Nan Caiyun , Chen Chen
Published: February 2023

Li‐oxygen batteries have attracted much attention due to its ultra‐high theoretical specific capacity, but the discharge product Li2O2is easy to accumulate, leading to low battery stability. Here, we demonstrate a series of high‐efficiency cathode catalysts of Co3O4loaded with single‐atomic metals (M=Ru, Pd, Pt, Au, Ir). The single‐atomic metal could substitute the central Co atom in the octahedral coordination structure and maintain the structural stability; benefiting from the electron promoter effect, rendering more highly active Co3+exposed, providing rich nucleation sites for Li2O2deposition. And the loaded M atoms could separate the active Co3+centers, thereby regulating the dispersion of Li2O2to obtained a sheet‐like morphology, which could facilitate its decomposition in the subsequent charge cycle. Our work found that the single atoms could effectively modulate the active metal oxide with which it is coordinated, thus collectively boosting the catalytic performance.
Recycling Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using Carbothermal Shock Method
Authors: Zhu Xu‐Hui , Li Yan‐Juan , Gong Meng‐Qi , Mo Ran , Luo Si‐Yuan , Yan Xiao , Yang Shun
Published: February 2023

Pyrometallurgy technique is usually applied as a pretreatment to enhance the leaching efficiencies in the hydrometallurgy process for recovering valuable metals from spent lithium‐ion batteries. However, traditional pyrometallurgy processes are energy and time consuming. Here, we report a carbothermal shock (CTS) method for reducing LiNi0.3Co0.2Mn0.5O2 (NCM325) cathode materials with uniform temperature distribution, high heating and cooling rates, high temperatures, and ultrafast reaction times. Li can be selectively leached through water leaching after CTS process with an efficiency of >90 %. Ni, Co, and Mn are recovered by dilute acid leaching with efficiencies >98 %. The CTS reduction strategy is feasible for various spent cathode materials, including NCM111, NCM523, NCM622, NCM811, LiCoO2, and LiMn2O4. The CTS process, with its low energy consumption and potential scale application, provides an efficient and environmentally friendly way for recovering spent lithium‐ion batteries.
A Highly Stable Organic Luminescent Diradical
Authors: Abdurahman Alim , Wang Jingmin , Zhao Yihan , Li Ping , Shen Li , Peng Qiming
Published: February 2023

It is very challenging to obtain stable room‐temperature luminescent open‐shell singlet diradicals. Herein we report the first stable Müller's hydrocarbon TTM‐PhTTM with luminescent properties. Variable‐temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations show that TTM‐PhTTM has an open‐shell singlet ground state with a diradical character of 90 %. Because of a small singlet‐triplet energy gap, the open‐shell singlet ground state can be thermally excited to a triplet state. TTM‐PhTTM shows room‐temperature deep‐red emission in various solutions. Unusually high stability of TTM‐PhTTM was also observed owing to effective steric hindrance and spin delocalization. Our results are beneficial to the rational design and discovery of more stable luminescent diradical materials.
Engineered Metallacycle‐Based Supramolecular Photosensitizers for Effective Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Tu Le , Li Chonglu , Xiong Xiaoxing , Hyeon Kim Ji , Li Qian , Mei Longcan , Li Junrong , Liu Shuang , Seung Kim Jong , Sun Yao
Published: February 2023

Although metallacycle‐based supramolecular photosensitizers (PSs) have attracted increasing attention in biomedicine, their clinical translation is still hindered by their inherent dark toxicity. Herein, we report what to our knowledge is the first example of a molecular engineering approach to building blocks of metallacycles for constructing a series of supramolecular PSs (RuA–RuD), with the aim of simultaneously reducing dark toxicity and enhancing phototoxicity, and consequently obtaining high phototoxicity indexes (PI). Detailed in vitro investigations demonstrate thatRuA–RuDdisplay high cancer cellular uptake and remarkable antitumor activity even under hypoxic conditions. Notably,RuDexhibited no dark toxicity and displayed the highest PI value (≈406). Theoretical calculations verified thatRuDhas the largest steric hindrance and the lowest singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST, 0.61 eV). Further in vivo studies confirmed thatRuDallows safe and effective phototherapy against A549 tumors.
ESIPT‐Inspired Dual‐Mode Photoswitches with Fast Molecular Isomerization in the Solid State
Authors: Chen Yahui , Lee You Rim , Wang Wenjing , Fang Yu , Lu Sheng , Han Jingjing , Chen Xiaoqiang , Kim Myung Hwa , Yoon Juyoung
Published: February 2023

Photoswitchable materials have attracted considerable attention in various fields. Developing excellent solid‐state dual‐mode photoswitches is an important but challenging task. Herein, we propose a new strategy to construct an excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) inspired photoswitch (DiAH‐pht) that possesses aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) features and displays a fast molecular isomerization process characterized by dual‐mode behavior in the solid state. Mechanistic studies indicate that introduction of a bulky group can create a folded molecular conformation that provides adequate volume to facilitate photoisomerization and the enhanced ESIPT effect can boost the isomerization process. The feasibility of our strategy was further demonstrated by the activated photoisomerization performance of the Schiff base derivatives. Furthermore,DiAH‐phtshows good performance in the fields of dual‐mode information encryption and high‐density data storage.
Perioperative management of a parturient with VACTERL association for a caesarean section
Authors: Tonks K. E. , Birch S. , Ito Y. , Bhagwat A.
Published: February 2023

A parturient with VACTERL association (vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, trachea‐oesophageal fistula, renal abnormalities and limb abnormalities) was listed for an elective caesarean section. She had a short neck with reduced cervical extension and flexion. Magnetic resonance imaging of her whole spine was performed which showed failure of cervical spine segmentation and cervical stenosis. Neuraxial blockade could have resulted in unpredictable spread of local anaesthetic due to the low volume of the spinal canal, and could have caused myelopathic changes within the spinal cord due to cerebrospinal fluid pressure changes. A general anaesthetic using a rapid sequence induction was also predicted to be challenging due to her fixed, unstable neck and severe cervical spine stenosis. After a multidisciplinary discussion Including neurosurgeons, we planned for awake tracheal intubation followed by general anaesthesia. However, before the date of her planned delivery, she required an urgent caesarean section due to severe preeclampsia. This was performed under general anaesthesia following uncomplicated awake tracheal intubation.
Gold nanoparticles immobilized on N‐doped ordered mesoporous carbon: An efficient catalyst for A3 and KA2 coupling reactions
Authors: Latifi Rad Sheida , Eftekhari‐Sis Bagher , Vahdati‐Khajeh Saleh , Zirak Maryam , Safin Damir A.
Published: February 2023

Gold nanoparticles immobilized on egg yolk biomass derived N‐doped ordered mesoporous carbon (Au@OMC) were prepared by nano‐casting process using SBA‐15 template and carbonization, followed by removing silica moiety of SBA‐15, and then immobilization of Au nanoparticles. Synthesized Au@OMC was characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, XPS, DLS, and BET analysis, revealing the successful immobilization of Au nanoparticles on the surface of OMC material. Au@OMC exhibited high catalytic activity for three‐component A3 coupling reaction between aldehydes, amines, and phenylacetylene to furnish propargyl amines. Also, KA2 coupling reaction between ketones, amines, and phenylacetylene was efficiently performed using Au@OMC catalytic system. Recyclability studies indicated that the recovered catalyst can be reused for five runs without considerable changes in the catalytic activity. The leaching experiment revealed that there is no Au catalyst leaching into the reaction solution.
Pigment epithelium‐derived factor enhances peripheral nerve regeneration through modulating oxidative stress and stem cells
Authors: Onger Mehmet Emin , Altun Gamze , Yildiran Alisan
Published: February 2023

Peripheral nerve injury is common and negatively affects an individual's quality of life. Drugs used for peripheral nerve regeneration should aim to eliminate symptoms such as neuropathic pain and have therapeutic effects. In recent studies, pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF) has been considered an essential therapeutic agent because of its potential neuroprotective properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of locally applied PEDF for peripheral nerve regeneration. Twenty‐four Wistar albino male rats were used. The study groups included Injury (n = 12) and Injury+PEDF (n = 12). An injury model was created by applying 50 N pressure to the right sciatic nerves in groups, and 10 μg/kg local PEDF was injected into the Injury+PEDF group. After 28 days of recovery, functional tests and stereological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses were performed. A significant difference was found between the Injury and Injury+PEDF groups in amplitude, whereas no difference was found in latency. The number of myelinated axons and the myelinated axon area increased significantly in the Injury+PEDF group, while no statistically significant difference was found in myelin sheath thickness. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were increased by PEDF, whereas they were suppressed in mesenchymal stem cells. PEDF exerts functional, quantitative, and antioxidative effects on sciatic nerve injury during neuroregeneration. In addition, when oxidative stress parameters were examined, it was seen that PEDF reduced oxidative stress following sciatic nerve injury.
The sacred stone from the sea. Archaeological and ethnographic perspectives on the ritual value of coral across the Pacific
Authors: Molle Guillaume , Wadrawane Jean‐Marie , Lagarde Louis , Wright Duncan
Published: February 2023

The Pacific Islands offer a variety of marine environments providing peoples in the present and past with abundant coral materials, a “stone from the sea”. Archaeologists have long recognised the importance of coral in ancient contexts, whether as gravel, natural branches, squared blocks or cut‐and‐dress slabs. Coral was also used to manufacture tools such as files or pounders and incorporated in monumental ceremonial architecture as a favoured construction material and foundation offerings. However, Pacific Islanders also employed coral material for other ritual applications that remain overlooked in the literature. In this article, we consider the multiple uses of coral in the archaeological and ethnographic records of three Pacific regions: Central‐East Polynesia (CEP), New Caledonia and the Torres Strait Islands. This includes offering of coral branches, sometimes associated with cairns, paraphernalia and magic stones, also production of coral lime for body ornamentation. Using these case studies, we consider material selection, modes of deposition, archaeological and ethnographic contexts, associations with other features and artefacts, before interrogating the potential significance of these unrealised datasets. By doing so, we shed new light on the ritual value of coral and reflect on the symbolic nature and function of this material.
Approximate controllability of stochastic delay differential systems driven by Poisson jumps with instantaneous and noninstantaneous impulses
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Yadav Shobha
Published: February 2023

Control systems in which instantaneous and noninstantaneous impulses occur simultaneously are difficult to handle. In this article, we investigate the solvability and approximate controllability for a new category of stochastic differential equations steered by Poisson jumps with instantaneous and noninstantaneous impulses. Utilizing the theory of fundamental solution, stochastic analysis, the measure of noncompactness, and the fixed‐point approach, we establish the presence of a mild solution for the proposed system. We have also constructed a new set of sufficient constraints that assures approximate controllability of the considered system. Next, we discuss the existence of a solution and approximate controllability for an impulsive deterministic control system in which the nonlinear term contains spatial derivatives. Lastly, two examples are presented to encapsulate the abstract results.
Autism severity and its relationship to disability
Authors: Waizbard‐Bartov Einat , Fein Deborah , Lord Catherine , Amaral David G.
Published: February 2023

Autism severity is currently defined and measured based exclusively on the severity levels of the two core symptom domains: social‐communication and restricted or repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests. Autistic individuals, however, are often diagnosed with other medical, developmental, and psychological co‐occurring conditions. These additional challenges such as intellectual disability, limited expressive and/or receptive language, and anxiety disorders, can have a tremendous impact on the day‐to‐day lives of autistic individuals, for both their adaptive functioning as well as their sense of wellbeing. Furthermore, the initial presentation of core symptoms and their likelihood of changing over time are influenced by the presence of such co‐occurring conditions. In order to truly understand how a person's autism impacts their life, both core symptoms as well as other challenges should be considered. This approach was recently taken byThe Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism, which proposed the term “profound autism” for a subgroup of individuals presenting with high core symptom severity, co‐occurring intellectual disability, and little or no language, who require extensive long‐term care. Considering other individual factors such as daily living skills, specific support needs and environmental resources would also enhance the evaluation of disability in autistic individuals. As currently employed in the assessment of intellectual disability, a multidimensional approach to autism could provide a more comprehensive system for classification of impairment. At present, however, there is no formal way to designate the combined effect of these different aspects of autism on a person's life. A comprehensive outlook that acknowledges impairments, capabilities, co‐occurring conditions, and environmental factors would be useful for identifying subgroups of individuals as well as for determining individual needs and strengths in clinical assessments.
A classification model for continuous responses: Identifying risk perception groups on health‐related activities
Authors: de Oliveira Eduardo S. B. , Wang Xiaojing , Bazán Jorge L.
Published: February 2023

In the current literature on latent variable models, much effort has been put on the development of dichotomous and polytomous cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) for assessments. Recently, the possibility of using continuous responses in CDMs has been brought to discussion. But no Bayesian approach has been developed yet for the analysis of CDMs when responses are continuous. Our work is the first Bayesian framework for the continuous deterministic inputs, noisy, and gate (DINA) model. We also propose new interpretations for item parameters in this DINA model, which makes the analysis more interpretable than before. In addition, we have conducted several simulations to evaluate the performance of the continuous DINA model through our Bayesian approach. Then, we have applied the proposed DINA model to a real data example of risk perceptions for individuals over a range of health‐related activities. The application results exemplify the high potential of the use of the proposed continuous DINA model to classify individuals in the study.
Bias‐reduced estimators of conditional odds ratios in matched case‐control studies with unmatched confounding
Authors: Blagus Rok
Published: February 2023

We study bias‐reduced estimators of exponentially transformed parameters in general linear models (GLMs) and show how they can be used to obtain bias‐reduced conditional (or unconditional) odds ratios in matched case‐control studies. Two options are considered and compared: the explicit approach and the implicit approach. The implicit approach is based on the modified score function where bias‐reduced estimates are obtained by using iterative procedures to solve the modified score equations. The explicit approach is shown to be a one‐step approximation of this iterative procedure. To apply these approaches for the conditional analysis of matched case‐control studies, with potentially unmatched confounding and with several exposures, we utilize the relation between the conditional likelihood and the likelihood of the unconditional logit binomial GLM for matched pairs and Cox partial likelihood for matched sets with appropriately setup data. The properties of the estimators are evaluated by using a large Monte Carlo simulation study and an illustration of a real dataset is shown. Researchers reporting the results on the exponentiated scale should use bias‐reduced estimators since otherwise the effects can be under or overestimated, where the magnitude of the bias is especially large in studies with smaller sample sizes.