bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeito da adubação com nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio no desenvolvimento, na produção e na qualidade de frutos do abacaxi 'Vitória'
Authors: Caetano Luiz Carlos Santos , Ventura José Aires , Costa Adelaide de Fátima Santana da , Guarçoni Rogério Carvalho
Published: November 2013

A cultivar de abacaxi 'Vitória' tem como principais características a resistência à fusariose, ausência de espinhos nas folhas, frutos de forma cilíndrica e de polpa branca. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses de N, P2O5 e K2O no desenvolvimento da folha "D", massa dos frutos, produtividade, produção de mudas e qualidade da polpa do fruto - sólidos solúveis (SS) e acidez titulável (AT). Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco níveis de N: 0; 214; 428; 642 e 856 kg ha-1; cinco níveis de P2O5: 0; 75; 150; 225 e 300 kg ha-1, e cinco níveis de K2O: 0; 150; 300; 450 e 600 kg ha-1 dispostos em fatorial fracionado do tipo (1/5) 5³ em blocos. Doses crescentes de N promoveram maior crescimento da folha "D", produção de mudas, desenvolvimento do fruto e produtividade. A produtividade e a massa média do fruto com coroa alcançaram os valores máximos de 65,0 t ha-1 com 647 kg ha-1 de N e 1.247 g com 660 kg ha-1 de N, respectivamente. Os valores de AT e SS cresceram linearmente em função das doses de potássio implementadas, ao passo que a elevação das doses de nitrogênio apresentou efeito oposto. Mesmo com a baixa disponibilidade de P, não houve resposta a este nutriente.
Cultivo protegido de videira: manejo fitossanitário, qualidade enológica e impacto ambiental
Authors: Chavarria Geraldo , Santos Henrique Pessoa
Published: November 2013

O cultivo protegido na cultura da videira apresenta-se como uma alternativa na diminuição da incidência de doenças fúngicas em regiões que apresentam excesso de chuvas. A utilização de cobertura plástica sobre as linhas de cultivo da videira ocasiona modificações no microclima ao redor da planta, principalmente pela ausência de água livre sobre folhas e frutos. Estas alterações propiciam condições desfavoráveis ao desenvolvimento de doenças fúngicas, com a menor necessidade do uso de fungicidas, como as podridões de cachos, que atualmente são um dos maiores problemas no controle fitossanitário, em regiões produtoras tradicionais, como a Serra Gaúcha. Todavia, o oídio da videira que outrora não apresentava incidência em condições de alta umidade relativa, em condições de cultivo protegido, deve ser monitorado. Outro aspecto que merece cautela é o uso de fungicidas, pois destaca-se que, pela redução de radiação ultravioleta e ausência de chuvas sobre os cachos, devido ao uso da cobertura plástica, o período residual dos fungicidas é prolongado. Este maior acúmulo é preocupante, tanto nas uvas destinadas ao consumo in natura, que afeta diretamente o consumidor, quanto às destinadas à vinificação, que prejudica a atuação das leveduras na fermentação dos vinhos. De forma geral, a tecnologia de cobrimento dos vinhedos é eficaz no controle de doenças fúngicas e na redução do uso de fungicidas, contudo deve ser considerada como um novo sistema de produção, principalmente por exigir um manejo fitossanitário distinto em relação ao cultivo convencional. Os plásticos de cobertura, usados, devem ser considerados resíduo agrícola, exigindo cuidados específicos para que seja evitada contaminação ambiental.
Melhoramento genético da bananeira: estratégias e tecnologias disponíveis
Authors: Silva Sebastião de Oliveira e , Amorim Edson Perito , Santos-Serejo Janay Almeida dos , Ferreira Cláudia Fortes , Rodriguez Miguel Angel Dita
Published: November 2013

A banana cultivada 107 países, em uma área de 4,1 milhões de hectares e produção de 95 milhões de toneladas, é segunda fruta mais produzida do mundo. A bananeira é atacada por vírus (CMV e BSV), fungos (Sigatoka amarela e negra, mal-do-Panamá), bactéria (Moko), nematoide e insetos (Broca do rizoma). No entanto, por meio do melhoramento genético é possível obter resistência a maioria das pragas e doenças. O centro de origem de grande parte do germoplasma de Musa spp. é o Continente Asiático, onde são encontradas bananeiras diploides, triploides tetraploides, com genomas de Musa acuminta e M. balbisiana. No melhoramento de banana, feito principalmente para resistência às doenças, são usados os seguintes métodos: introdução e seleção de clones; hibridação (cruzamentos de diploides com diploides, triploides com diploides e diploides com tetraploides); duplicação de cromossomos; mutação e transgenia. Os métodos que envolvem hibridação, embora sejam os mais usados, apresentam limitações como a partenocarpia, a esterilidade; o número variável de ploidia e a baixa produção de sementes. Todo material produzido no programa, é depois avaliado nas regiões produtoras de banana. Atualmente novas técnicas de melhoramento, baseadas em informações genéticas de Musa spp. estão sendo incrementadas.
O legado do Departamento de Sociologia de Chicago (1920-1930) na constituição do interacionismo símbólico
Authors: Martins Carlos Benedito Campos
Published: November 2013

O artigo ressalta que os integrantes do Departamento de Sociologia da Universidade de Chicago nos anos 1920 não possuíam a intenção de criar uma nova vertente sociológica. O termo interacionismo simbólico jamais foi utilizado pelos seus participantes para designar os trabalhos que estavam realizando. No entanto, as pesquisas empíricas e a reflexão realizada no interior desse Departamento a respeito do processo de interação entre indivíduo e sociedade pavimentou o caminho para o surgimento, em momento posterior, de uma nova postura explicativa da vida social. Somente no final da década de 1930, o trabalho sociológico que vinha ali sendo realizado foi codificado em um corpus de princípios teóricos e nomeado enquanto tal como interacionismo simbólico.
Interacionismo simbólico e movimentos sociais: enquadrando a intervenção
Authors: Nunes Jordão Horta
Published: November 2013

A teoria do quadro (frame), desenvolvida por Goffman em Frame Analysis (1974), tem sido aplicada na orientação estratégica e na metodologia de análise dos novos movimentos sociais. O objetivo aqui é reconstruir o emprego do conceito de frame e seus desdobramentos teóricos, bem como de outros elementos da tradição sociológica interacionista na elaboração, feita por autores como Gamson (1988), Snow e Benford (1988) e Johnston (2005), da fundamentação da análise da ação coletiva em movimentos sociais. Constata-se a fecundidade do frame da ação coletiva, não apenas na análise de mobilizações realizadas inicialmente com baixo grau de organização e fora da esfera institucional, mas também de estratégias empregadas por órgãos estatais ou programas sociais governamentais.
A política da guerra em Maquiavel
Authors: Coelho Maria Francisca Pinheiro , Menezes Marilde Loiola de
Published: November 2013

Ao considerar que os objetivos do governante são a conquista e a manutenção do poder, Nicolau Maquiavel sugere ser o estado de guerra uma situação permanente na arte de governar. Este artigo aborda o pensamento político do autor, a partir de sua análise sobre a guerra. Visa apreender o sentido que ele confere à política e os fundamentos de uma teoria sobre a guerra, construída com base no diálogo com as experiências dos antigos e as circunstâncias históricas de seu tempo. O trabalho está estruturado nos seguintes tópicos: o diálogo de Maquiavel com os antigos; a dessacralização da política; e o diálogo dos modernos com Maquiavel.
Maquiavel e a dimensão simbólica do poder: fundamentos da teoria democrática de Claude Lefort
Authors: Trindade Gleyton
Published: November 2013

O presente artigo pretende apontar a influência decisiva da obra de Maquiavel na construção da teoria democrática de Claude Lefort. Em especial, pretende-se assinalar como Lefort assimila de Maquiavel uma concepção propriamente política da sociedade ao identificar na obra maquiaveliana uma noção da "dimensão simbólica do poder". Na perspectiva deste artigo, é a partir dessa noção, que remete à divisão originária e ao momento instituinte do social, que Maquiavel, mesmo não se constituindo como um autor propriamente democrático, permitiria a Lefort uma reavaliação da questão democrática e do fenômeno totalitário.
Organização da demanda de um Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas
Authors: Saliba Nemre Adas , Nayme João Guilherme Rodrigues , Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Cecilio Lenise Patrocinio Pires , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba
Published: November 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: A Atenção Secundária em saúde bucal no Brasil ainda é um assunto pouco pesquisado. OBJETIVO: Analisar a resolubilidade dos serviços odontológicos do Sistema Único de Saúde, com base na referência para a atenção secundária e a contrarreferência à atenção primária. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo, que utilizou dados secundários coletados dos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos no Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas de um município do Estado de São Paulo. RESULTADO: Do total de 1030 prontuários analisados, verificaram-se 1236 procedimentos referenciados para atenção especializada. Destes, 86,4% deram entrada na Unidade Básica de Saúde por livre demanda e 50,4% (n=623), para especialidade de Endodontia. Houve evasão de 2,2% (n=28) já na primeira consulta especializada. Nos pacientes que deram início ao tratamento especializado, foram realizados 1.208 procedimentos no Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas, tendo sido 62,6% (n=757) concluídos e contrarreferenciados para a Atenção Primária, que finalizou 61,1% (n=463) dos procedimentos. Para a conclusão do tratamento, considerando o tempo no Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas e na Atenção Básica, houve variação de acordo com a especialidade: Periodontia, 62 dias (dp= ±68), e Endodontia, 71 dias (dp= ±51,8), sendo necessárias três consultas em média, independentemente da especialidade. CONCLUSÃO: O Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas referencia, contrarreferencia e atende à maioria da demanda, independentemente da especialidade. Porém, ainda há muita evasão durante o tratamento odontológico, servindo de alerta para os gestores desenvolverem métodos de controle dos pacientes atendidos, com vistas à diminuição de gastos e ao aumento da resolutividade dos serviços, com a conclusão dos tratamentos iniciados.
The Araceae in Ceará, Brazil: humid forest plants in a semi-arid region
Authors: Andrade Ivanilza Moreira de , Mayo Simon Joseph , Silva Maria Francilene Souza , Sousa Danilo José Lima de , Matias Lígia Queiroz , Ribeiro Thales Alves
Published: November 2013

The study consists of a taxonomic treatment of the Araceae of Ceará, a state lying within Brazil's semi-arid region. The aroid flora shows greater similarity to those of central Brazil and Amazonia than to the Atlantic forest. Most species occur in humid forest fragments - the "florestas serranas". Geophytes are also found in caatinga and dry forest (Taccarum ulei) and lithophytes on rock outcrops in dry forest (Philodendron acutatum). Floating aquatics occur in ponds and lakes throughout the state (Pistia stratiotes, Lemna aequinoctialis, Lemna minuta, Spirodela intermedia, Wolffia columbiana, Wolffiella welwitschii), and freshwater helophytes (Montrichardia linifera) along river margins. 28 taxa (species and varieties) in 19 genera are described and most are illustrated:Anthurium (three spp.), Caladium (one sp.), Dieffenbachia (one sp.), Dracontium (one sp.), Lemna (two spp.), Monstera (two spp., one with two varieties), Montrichardia (one sp.), Philodendron (four spp.), Pistia (one sp.), Scaphispatha (one sp.), Spathicarpa (one sp.), Spathiphyllum (one sp.), Spirodela (one sp.), Syngonium (one sp.), Taccarum (one sp.), Wolffia (one sp.), Wolffiella (one sp.), Xanthosoma (two spp.), Zomicarpa (one sp.). New records for Ceará are Dieffenbachia aglaonematifolia, Dracontium nivosum, Monstera adansonii var. laniata, Philodendron sp. aff. ruthianum and the naturalized exotic Typhonium roxburghii. An identification key and data on geographic distribution and conservation status are provided.
O gênero Merremia (Convolvulaceae) na Região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Priscila Porto Alegre , Miotto Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia
Published: November 2013

Merremia Dennst. ex Endl. compreende aproximadamente 60 espécies, amplamente distribuídas nos trópicos e subtrópicos de ambos os hemisférios. Das 14 espécies do gênero conhecidas para o Brasil, nove foram confirmadas para a Região Sul: M. cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f., M. digitata (Spreng.) Hallier f. var. digitata, M. digitata var. elongata (Choisy) D.F.Austin & Staples, M. dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f., M. hassleriana (Chodat) Hassl., M. macrocalyx (Ruiz & Pav.) O'Donell, M. tomentosa (Choisy) Hallier f., M. tuberosa (L.) Rendle e M. umbellata (L.) Hallier f. São fornecidos chave de identificação, descrições morfológicas, dados de distribuição geográfica, hábitat e ilustrações dos táxons. Merremia hassleriana constitui uma nova ocorrência para o Paraná.
Salivary Visfatin Concentrations in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Tabari Zahra Alizadeh , Azadmehr Abbas , Nohekhan Ali , Naddafpour Nima , Ghaedi Fatemeh Baharak
Published: November 2013

Background: Visfatin, also known as pre‐B‐cell colony‐enhancing factor, is secreted from a variety of cells and is thought to have some proinflammatory and immunomodulating effects. It is indicated that serum/plasma levels of visfatin increase in a number of inflammatory disorders. The present study aims to evaluate salivary concentrations of visfatin in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).

Methods: Twenty patients with CP and 20 periodontally healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. For each patient, the values of clinical parameters, such as bleeding index, plaque index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded. Whole saliva samples were collected, and concentrations of visfatin were evaluated using standard enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software.

Results: Visfatin was detectable in all samples. Salivary visfatin concentrations were significantly higher in the periodontitis group. In addition, there was a positive significant relationship between salivary visfatin concentrations and CAL in the periodontitis group. However, no significant association was observed between salivary visfatin levels and other periodontal parameters or body mass index.

Conclusion: These results indicate that there is a relationship between salivary visfatin and CP; however, further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
MPH Education for the 21st Century: Motivation, Rationale, and Key Principles for the New Columbia Public Health Curriculum
Authors: Fried Linda P. , Begg Melissa D. , Bayer Ronald , Galea Sandro
Published: November 2013

Public health is at a watershed moment. The world’s health needs are changing, and complex problems require interdisciplinary approaches and systems-based solutions. Our longer lives and changing environments necessitate life-course and structural approaches to prevention.

This argues strongly for public health graduate education that adequately prepares trainees to tackle emerging challenges and to lead now and in the future. Nearly a century of scholarship and scientific advances may offer a blueprint for training the next generation of public health leaders.

We articulate a case for change; discuss some of the foundational principles that should guide public health education; and discuss what such a change might look like building on prior scholarship, on the examples set by other disciplines, and on our own experience.
An Increasing Socioeconomic Gap in Childhood Overweight and Obesity in China
Authors: He Wei , James Sherman A. , Merli M. Giovanna , Zheng Hui
Published: November 2013

We used a new conceptual framework that integrates tenets from health economics, social epidemiology, and health behavior to analyze the impact of socioeconomic forces on the temporal changes in the socioeconomic status (SES) gap in childhood overweight and obesity in China. In data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey for 1991 to 2006, we found increased prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity across all SES groups, but a greater increase among higher-SES children, especially after 1997, when income inequality dramatically increased. Our findings suggest that for China, the increasing SES gap in purchasing power for obesogenic goods, associated with rising income inequality, played a prominent role in the country’s increasing SES gap in childhood obesity and overweight.
A Saturated Excess Runoff Pedotransfer Function for Vegetated Watersheds
Authors: Steenhuis Tammo S. , Hrnčíř Miroslav , Poteau Dina , Romero Luna Eva J. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Caballero Luis A. , Guzman Christian D. , Stoof Cathelijne R. , Šanda Martin , Yitaferu Birru , Císlerová Milena
Published: November 2013

Since Hewlett and Hibbert's publication in 1967, there has been a slow recognition that saturated excess runoff is the main runoff mechanism in vegetated watersheds. Yet, most pedotransfer functions for predicting runoff are based on infiltration excess runoff. We, therefore, developed a simple pedotransfer function to predict saturation excess runoff, using data from eight watersheds on three continents. The runoff response was very similar for all watersheds, despite differences in climate, size, topography, and land use. Direct storm runoff occurred after a threshold amount of rainfall was exceeded. Runoff was linearly related to rainfall depth, indicating that a nearly constant proportion of the watershed was the source area. Size of source areas decreased with increasing depths of soils. The rainfall threshold was strongly dependent on the initial moisture conditions. The developed pedotransfer function for saturation excess runoff was used to predict water level fluctuation of two terminal lakes on the Caribbean Islands over a 25‐ to 30‐yr period with the rainfall threshold computed following Thornthwaite–Mather and baseflow from the remaining part of the watershed employing a linear reservoir model. Taking the simplicity of the prediction technique with only four calibrated parameters into account, lake levels were predicted reasonably well to very good, including the rise in the lake level in the last 10 yr when the climate in the region became wetter. It is expected that the linear relationship of rainfall and runoff holds for storms lasting several days and can simplify flood predictions.
Natural alternatives to Coccidiostats in rabbit nutrition
Authors: Kowalska Dorota , Bielański Paweł , Nosal Paweł , Kowal Jerzy
Published: November 2013

In rabbit management, coccidiosis caused by Eimeria protozoa is a serious health, production and economic problem due to its widespread occurrence. According to Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on additives for use in animal nutrition, coccidiostats will be phased out of use by 31 December 2012. This has prompted a search for natural alternatives to coccidiostats, which could stop the progression of this disease. The aim of the study was to identify parasitic invasions in a herd of rabbits before and after the use of natural alternatives to common coccidiostatic drugs and to determine the effect of these alternatives on rabbit performance and meat quality. Different proportions of feed additives based on natural oregano and garlic oils, added to complete diets, had a positive effect on the weight gains of young rabbits during the study from 35 to 90 days of age. In all experimental groups, dressing percentage was higher than the values reported for New Zealand White rabbits, and the feed additives had no effect on the taste of meat samples evaluated. Properly formulated rations of the concentrates reduced the intensity of coccidial infections while protecting the animals against secondary bacterial and viral infections, which usually accompany coccidiosis and are a common cause of mortality. The present results suggest that the herb extracts can be successfully used in prophylaxis as natural alternatives to coccidiostats in feeds.
Knee Pain During Daily Tasks, Knee Osteoarthritis Severity, and Widespread Pain
Authors: Riddle Daniel L. , Stratford Paul W.
Published: November 2013

Background

The presence of widespread pain is easily determined and is known to increase the risk for persistent symptoms.

Objective

The study hypothesis was that people with no or minimal knee osteoarthritis (OA) and high Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Pain Scale scores would be more likely than other subgroups to report widespread pain.

Design

A cross-sectional design was used.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study, which includes people with or at high risk for knee OA. The inclusion criteria were met by 755 people with unilateral knee pain and 851 people with bilateral knee pain. Widespread pain was assessed with body diagrams, and radiographic Kellgren-Lawrence grades were recorded for each knee. Knee pain during daily tasks was quantified with WOMAC Pain Scale scores.

Results

Compared with people who had high levels of pain and knee OA, people with a low level of pain and a high level of knee OA, and people with low levels of pain and knee OA, a higher proportion of people with a high level of knee pain and a low level of knee OA had widespread pain. This result was particularly true for people with bilateral knee pain, for whom relative risk estimates ranged from 1.7 (95% confidence interval=1.2–2.4) to 2.3 (95% confidence interval=1.6–3.3).

Limitations

The cross-sectional design was a limitation.

Conclusions

People with either no or minimal knee OA and a high level of knee pain during daily tasks are particularly likely to report widespread pain. This subgroup is likely to be at risk for not responding to knee OA treatment that focuses only on physical impairments. Assessment of widespread pain along with knee pain intensity and OA status may assist physical therapists in identifying people who may require additional treatment.
The climate memory of an Arctic polythermal glacier
Authors: Delcourt Charlotte , Van Liefferinge Brice , Nolan Matt , Pattyn Frank
Published: November 2013

Knowledge of glacier equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) changes and trends in time is essential for future predictions of glacier volumes. We present a novel method for determining trends in ELA change at McCall Glacier, Alaska, USA, over the last 50 years, based on mapping of the cold–temperate transition surface (CTS), marking the limit between cold and temperate ice of a polythermal glacier. Latent heat release from percolating meltwater and precipitation keeps the ice column temperate in the accumulation area. A change from accumulation to ablation zone reduces this heat release, leading locally to glacier ice cooling. By mapping the CTS along the whole glacier length using radio-echo sounding and employing a thermodynamic model, the timing of the cooling was determined, from which past ELAs were constructed. These are in accord with mass-balance measurements carried out on McCall Glacier since the 1950s. We show that with a warming climate, McCall Glacier tends to cool in a counter-intuitive way.
Plant Regeneration from Mature Embryo Derived Callus of Basmati Rice
Authors: Ferdous MS , Samad MA , Haque MS , Mony SA
Published: November 2013

The experiment was conducted with mature embryos of an aromatic rice variety (Basmati 370) to investigate the appropriate growth condition for callus induction as well as plant regeneration. Different concentrations of 2,4-D (0.0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 mgL-1) in MS medium were used for callus induction. Among the concentrations of 2,4-D, 2.5 mg-1 was the best concentration for callus induction (95.83%). Different concentrations of Kinetin (0.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 14.0 mgL-1) with a constant concentration of NAA (0.5 mg-1) were used for plant regeneration from callus. The combination of 10.0 mg-1 Kinetin and 0.5 mg-1 NAA was found to be the best for shoot regeneration (77.50%). Different concentrations of MET (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 mg-1) in MS medium with a constant concentration of NAA (0.5 mg-1) were used for root induction. A combination of 2.5 mg-1 MET and 0.5 mg-1 NAA was found most efficient for root induction (85.00%) with higher number of roots per plant (19.50) and better root elongation (1.88 cm). The plantlet was survived well in the plastic pot as well in the earthen pot or in the field.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16921 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 45 - 50, 2008
Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Through Fish Feed Against Bacterial Fish Disease
Authors: Muniruzzaman M , Chowdhury MBR
Published: November 2013

Experiments were conducted maintaining under aquarium and pond conditions using feed containing medicinal plants/extracts was evaluated on artificially and naturally infected fish with bacterial pathogens. When the fish were exposed to high bacterial pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila Ah-11, Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-13 and Edwardsiella tarda Et-70, recovery of the infected fish varied with the pathogens challenged and feed treatments. Fish feed containing bulb extract of Allium sativum (3% feeding) showed significantly (p<0.01) high therapeutic effect recovering the infected fish (Thai silver barb, Barbodes gonionotus) with A. hydrophila (100 ± 0% recovery) and P. fluorescens (90±0% recovery). A similar result was observed in the case of pangas fish feed containing decoction of leaves of Calotropis gigantea where 100 ± 0% E. tarda infected Thai pangas (Pangasius hypophthalmus) were found to be cured. These two types of herbal feed offered similar result when applied to the naturally ulcer-affected Thai silver barb and Thai pangas fingerling under aquarium condition. In pond condition, the herbal feed containing bulb extract of A. sativum was applied experimentally to A. hydrophila infected different fish species maintained in different individual ponds where, 91.67 ± 2.35% Thai silver barb, 84.99 ± 2.35% Rui (Labeo rohita) and 74.99 ± 2.35% Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) were found to be recovered. In contrast, plants mixed pangas feed containing decoction of leaves of C. gigantea was cured 94.44 ± 3.84% E. tarda infected Thai pangas. The other medicinal plants used in this study showed medium to weak effect recovering the bacterial infected fish.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16956 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 151 - 159, 2008
Preparation of “Cauliflower-Like” ZnO Micron-Sized Particles
Authors: Gordon Tamar , Grinblat Judith , Margel Shlomo
Published: November 2013

Porous polydivinyl benzene (PDVB) microspheres of narrow size distribution were formed by a single-step swelling process of template uniform polystyrene microspheres with divinyl benzene (DVB), followed by polymerization of the DVB within the swollen template microspheres. The PDVB porous particles were then formed by dissolution of the template polystyrene polymer. Unique “cauliflower-like” ZnO microparticles were prepared by the entrapping of the ZnO precursor ZnCl2 in the PDVB porous microspheres under vacuum, followed by calcination of the obtained ZnCl2-PDVB microspheres in an air atmosphere. The morphology, crystallinity and fluorescence properties of those ZnO microparticles were characterized. This “cauliflower-like” shape ZnO particles is in contrast to a previous study demonstrated the preparation of spherical shaped porous ZnO and C-ZnO microparticles by a similar method, using zinc acetate (ZnAc) as a precursor. Two diverted synthesis mechanisms for those two different ZnO microparticles structures are proposed, based on studies of the distribution of each of the ZnO precursors within the PDVB microspheres.
Déprise éducative des familles : discours et perceptions des jeunes en bande
Authors: Mohammed Marwan
Published: November 2013

How did the parents of children actively participating in gangs lose their influence and authority ? According to Weber, the definition of authority stipulates that authority and legitimacy are inseparable. Used primarily in the study of political systems based on the classic dialectic between authority and power, the concept of ‘ legitimacy’ does not contribute much to the sociology of family interaction and parental education or Marwan Mohammed rather is omnipresent but basically implicit. This article strives to analyse the processes in which parents lose their educational credibility and the ability to regulate behaviours. Even though the study of changes in parental authority cannot be limited to an analysis of domestic economics, the author confines himself here to using its conditions from the point of view of young people in gangs.
Les suppléments Parents des magazines jeunesse : un outil de « domestication » des mères ?
Authors: Cromer Sylvie
Published: November 2013

The «Parents » supplements in educational magazines for children aged 0 to 7 are a broadly invisible and unknown subject. The ersatz manual for «bringing up children » derived from child education norms (and hence parental roles) projects the idea of requisite parental work to succeed in bringing up children to which a children’s magazine is supposed to contribute. The gender differentiations – which strive to capture which is explicitly stated or mentioned in passing in differences between the sexes about children and about parents – highlight another aspect in supplements : the vector of a gender-differentiated model. The model of two heterosexual parents who are not interchangeable, but are ranked is imposed with all the more force given the psychology approach buoyed by editorials and simplified parental pairings in such opuscules. Mothers are the primary recipients of such supplements and messages and therefore receive the prescriptions of educational and domestic obligations as well as the requirement to be available at all times for the sake of the child’s success.
Les politiques de conciliation du travail et de la vie familiale en France au regard des pays de l’OCDE [À partir de la synthèse des études « Bébés et employeurs » ]
Authors: Adema Willem , Thévenon Olivier
Published: November 2013

Cet article compare les politiques mises en oeuvre en faveur de la conciliation entre travail et vie familiale en France vis-à-vis des autres pays de l’OCDE. Quantitativement, l’investissement public correspondant à ces politiques représente une proportion assez élevée de la richesse nationale. Qualitativement, cela concerne un ensemble plus diversifié de mesures en faveur du choix ou de la combinaison entre travail et prise en charge d’un jeune enfant. Au total, l’aide financière accordée aux parents qui gardent leur jeune enfant ou externalisent cette garde par le recours à un mode formel, l’entrée précoce en école maternelle et la large amplitude des horaires d’école assurent un soutien à la conciliation assez continu sur la période de l’enfance. Néanmoins, les conditions de choix entre travail et prise en charge des enfants demeurent inégales selon le niveau de vie des ménages. Le soutien financier bénéficiant aux ménages avec des enfants plus âgés réduit le risque de pauvreté tout en bénéficiant davantage aux familles plus aisées. La contribution des entreprises apparaît quant à elle relativement limitée. La conciliation pourrait être renforcée en favorisant l’accès des ménages aux revenus modestes aux modes de garde familiaux, le maintien d’un accès à l’école maternelle dès l’âge de 2 ans en renforçant les services d’accueil en dehors des heures de classes et les arrangements plus réguliers en matière de temps de travail.
Mixité sociale et accès au logement : un couple antagonique ?
Authors: Barou Jacques
Published: November 2013

La notion de « mixité sociale » est régulièrement invoquée comme l’objectif idéal des politiques urbaines et des politiques d’habitat. Afin de parvenir à cet objectif, les pouvoirs publics tentent d’exercer un certain contrôle sur l’accès au logement des catégories susceptibles de porter atteinte à la cohésion sociale qu’ils tentent de promouvoir ou de maintenir dans les espaces urbains. En ce sens, il est permis de se demander s’il n’y a pas un certain antagonisme entre la volonté de promouvoir ou de maintenir la mixité sociale et la liberté, voire la possibilité d’accéder à un logement de son choix. Dans le secteur HLM, l’inquiétude des bailleurs vis-à-vis de catégories jugées potentiellement à risques dans un contexte d’affirmation du droit au logement a entraîné le développement de médiations de la part d’acteurs associatifs. La loi du 31 mai 1990 a fait de ces associations des auxiliaires de l’action publique pour le logement des populations défavorisées. Plutôt que d’appuyer des initiatives communautaires comme leurs homologues britanniques, les associations se sont efforcées de créer des couloirs d’accès au logement social ordinaire, dans une optique de dispersion conforme à l’objectif de maintien de la mixité. Ainsi, certaines catégories difficilement acceptées par les bailleurs, comme les jeunes issus de l’immigration, parviennent à se loger par l’intermédiaire des associations spécialisées. L’inconvénient de cette procédure tient à la mise en concurrence progressive des associations qui, pour développer leur action, ont tendance à appuyer des publics défavorisés mais porteurs d’un capital social potentiel qui rassure les bailleurs. Le succès considérable de l’appui à l’accès au logement de réfugiés statutaires dans le département du Rhône dévoile un certain risque d’inégalité des chances entre catégories défavorisées dans un contexte de rareté de l’offre.
La décohabitation et le relogement des familles polygames [Un malaise politique émaillé d’injonctions contradictoires]
Authors: Gaullier Pauline
Published: November 2013

Jusqu’en 1993, la vie en situation de polygamie en France n’était pas interdite aux ressortissants de pays autorisant ce régime matrimonial, au titre de la protection du statut individuel des personnes. En 1980, l’arrêt Montcho (Conseil d’État, 11 juillet 1980) permet ainsi à une famille polygame béninoise de s’installer en France, au nom du droit à mener une vie familiale normale, droit défini et garanti par l’article 8 de la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’Homme et des libertés fondamentales. Mais le 24 août 1993, la loi sur la maîtrise de l’immigration et sur les conditions d’entrée et de séjour des étrangers modifie l’ordonnance du 2 novembre 1945 et interdit la polygamie effective sur le territoire français. À partir de cette date, les personnes vivant en état de polygamie en France ont vu leur droit au séjour restreint, et ont été invitées à mettre fin à cette situation. Parmi les solutions pour se conformer à la nouvelle législation, la décohabitation constitue une possibilité. Toutefois, elle se heurte à de nombreux obstacles : manque de grands logements ou encore difficultés d’accès au logement des ménages originaires d’Afrique noire. Si la décohabitation des familles polygames a été facilitée à partir de 2001 par la mise en place d’un dispositif d’accompagnement, ces blocages, particulièrement délicats, restent à surmonter. De fait, de nombreuses familles se retrouvent dans une véritable impasse.
Genèse des plèbes urbaines coloniales : Mexico aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles
Authors: Gruzinski Serge
Published: November 2013

A principios del siglo XVII, México vuelve a ser un hormiguero humano. Orígenes y colores se mezclan, así como las lenguas y las actividades, las creencias y las ideas. Las ciudades coloniales son los crisoles en los que se operan las relaciones entre las cuatro partes del mundo : son un teatro privilegiado de convivencia, de enfrentamientos y mestizajes. En México, la ciudad hispánica se injerta en una gigantesca ciudad indígena que era probablemente la más poblada del mundo en vísperas de la invasión española. Esta situación excepcional hace que sea todavía más aparatosa la serie de reacciones en cadena que van transformando paulatinamente a la sociedad autóctona de donde emerge, en particular, una plebe de caracteres muy originales.
La plèbe à l'aune des vice-rois américains (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)
Authors: Calvo Thomas
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- This contribution reproduces the archaeological representation of popular urban milieus in the social elite of Hispano-American's colonial world. It rests upon a source whose main interest is that it deals, throughout three centuries, with all the territories belonging to the American Vice-Royalties. From the reports that every Viceroy had to write for his successor when he left his charge, it is possible to recreate the main features of this social representation resting upon a few mayor ideas: the existence of a world composed of a very mixed population, with couloured skin and immoral behaviour, which was very different from the world of the elites, provoking contempt as well as fear among the powerful and justifying, in their opinion, a necessary politics of social control.
A plebe nerra. Forros nas Minas Gerais no século XVIII
Authors: França Paiva Eduardo
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- The «plebs» of Minas Gerais, in the second half of the century, include blacks and metis, slaves and Freedmen, born in Brazil or in Africa. The study of wills permits to restore all the complexity of this colonial society in which, unlike what a partly false and stereotyped vision states, opportunities towards integration and social promotion were not rare. Slaves and Freedmen were, in spite of what has been said until today, the independent and creative actors of their own history.
De la Plèbe au 'Peuple' dans le Brésil du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Schwartz Stuart B.
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- Faced with the difficulty in defining the Brazilian land and its inhabitants since the period of discovery, this paper follows the genesis of the «invention» of the Brazilian people throughout the 18th Century. This creation was hindered by the reluctance of the Portuguese authorities to recognize the existence of such a people as well as the heterogeneousness of the Brazilian land or the slave component of the population. However, the problems that arose around the /Principe do Brasil/ in Bahia in 1733 are evidence of the rise of a Brazilian people based essentially on a plebeian portion of the population made up of half-breed and coloured people.
Questions à propos des plèbes hispano-américaines de 1810 à 1920
Authors: Piel Jean
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- Taking into consideration the few historical works dedicated to this subject, this contribution aims to situate and define the contemporary Hispano-American «plebs», using the definitions of «plebs» as they appear in world history. The author underlines the presence of «plebs», either rural or urban, in Hispano-American societies at the beginning of the 19th century. At the period of independences, the first kind was the most active, and the second kind was mostly playing a secondary part as «people». This situation was never questioned all along the 19th century because, until the beginning of the following century, these Latin-American societies remained fundamentally rural. It's only when massive immigrations appear at the end of the 19m century that emerges, in the large Latin-American cities that have brought them together, the image of urban «plebs» based on salary : it expresses the birth of a true proletariat.
El engranaje del tiempo en las novelas de Marvel Moreno
Authors: Abdala Mesa Yohainna
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- Présentation de quelques-unes des structures temporelles présentes dans les mécanismes narratifs de Marvel Moreno (ses romans En diciembre llegaban las brisas et - inédit - El tiempo de las amazonas). Analyse de diverses perspectives du temps, à l'intérieur (narratologique) et à l'extérieur (historico- biographique) des textes, et examen de la temporalité du projet global de l'oeuvre ; par l'interaction et la tension entre les différents axes temporels, on débouche sur la durée scripturale, qui est précisément cette évolution du projet créatif dans le temps et la façon dont un auteur fait l'expérience du temps et s'approprie celui-ci.
Endogenous IFNγ in chronic HCV genotype 4 patients treated with PEG-IFNα and ribavirin
Authors: Sadeq Refaat , Mohtady Heba , Al Badawy Nissreen , Ibrahim Salwa , Omar Abdul Rahman , Husseiny Mohamed I , El Zowalaty Mohamed
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections remain an increasingly prevalent and emergent health problem worldwide, causing a wide spectrum of liver diseases. Combination therapy with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) of peginterferon alfa-2a and oral ribavirinis currently recognized as the standard treatment of chronic HCV infection. Several complex immunological mechanisms are involved during the course of HCV treatment using interferons. The role of endogenous interferon gamma (IFNγ) in Egyptian patients infected with chronic HCV and treated with PEG-IFN/ribavirin is uncertain. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association of IFNγ and chronic HCV infection among patients treated with combination therapy of PEG-IFN/ribavirin. Methodology: Samples from 20 patients infected with HCV genotype-4 (HCV-4) and 20 non-infected individuals as healthy controls were used in this retrospective study. IFNγ levels in peripheral blood monocytes were analyzed, along with liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the myxovirus resistance-A (MxA) gene. Results: The results showed that an increase of IFNγ and a decrease of ALT levels in chronic HCV-infected patients after 12 weeks of treatment with combination therapy. Conclusion: Enhanced IFNγ secretion and decreased liver enzyme ALT production are indicative of HCV clearance and improvement of liver function. In addition, the SNP of the MxA gene is an important host genetic factor that independently influenced the response to IFNα in patients with chronic HCV infection, especially in those with a low viral load.
Prevalence and characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacter cloacae strains in Algeria
Authors: Nedjai Sabrina , Barguigua Abouddihaj , Djahmi Nassima , Jamali Loubna , Zerouali Khalid , Dekhil Mazouz , Timinouni Mohammed
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Expended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacter cloacae is an important nosocomial pathogen. In this study, the prevalence and the molecular epidemiology of ESBL producing E. cloacae strains isolated from various hospitals in Annaba, Algeria were investigated. Methodology: The study involved 63 isolates of E. cloacae obtained during 2009 at the four hospitals in Annaba. The detection of ESBL was performed using the double-disk synergy test and the combined disk test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the agar dilution method. The presence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaDHA β-lactamase genes was evaluated by PCR, and genomic typing was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. The clinical and microbiological data were entered into the EpiI Info database. Results: Thirty isolates (47.6%) had an ESBL phenotype. BlaCTX-M group1 (76%); blaTEM (70%) were the most prevalent, followed by blaDHA (16.6%) and blaSHV (10%). Eighteen strains expressed at least two bla genes. MICs revealed a high level of resistance to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefepime.  PFGE revealed an epidemic clonal dissemination of these isolates. Various risk factors associated with the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. cloacae were detected. Conclusions: A higher frequency of ESBL-producing isolates and a diversity of β-lactamases were detected among ESBL-producing E. cloacae; these resulted from an epidemic clonal dissemination and high transference of ESBL genes between bacteria in hospital settings. Strict measures will be required to control the further spread of these pathogens in hospital settings.
Battle against poliovirus in Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Kaneez , Qadri Ishtiaq
Published: November 2013

On 22 Feb 2013, the Polio Monitoring Cell of Pakistan announced that the 2012-2013 polio campaign ended, and that 1.6 million children could not be vaccinated due to security concerns in several regions where polio workers had been killed. Those who could not be vaccinated included 50,000 children from the Federally Administrated Tribal Area (FATA), 150,000 form Khyber Pakhtoon Khao, 400,000 from a Quetta, 400,000 from Karachi, and a small number from the Rawalpindi District. These statistics are worrying, as several districts in the large metropolitan cities of Karachi and Quetta were also excluded.  The fear of advanced medicine, ideas, or complex devices is a new phenomenon in many conservative and poor countries such as Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sudan, and Somalia. To safeguard the safety of the rest of the world, the failure in the implementation of WHO guidelines for vaccination must be regulated by the UN. There are a number of reasons for the phobias surrounding  vaccination, but as technology continues to evolve at such a rapid rate, those with self-determined ideologies cannot cope with such advances.  They become vocal to gain popularity and prevent the use of these technologies and medicine  by creating and spreading rumors and  propaganda of expediency. The struggle to vaccinate children is not easily understood by anyone living in the developed world. The irrational fear of vaccines and the lack of vaccination pose a serious global health risk and must be curbed through a wide variety of pro-vaccination media and religious campaigns.
Diffamation imprimée et renommée d'auteur
Authors: Cavaillé Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2013

En se penchant sur le cas Dassoucy, l’article examine la faillite d’une réputation et la tentative de sa reconquête au xvii e  siècle, qui se sont toutes deux jouées sur le terrain de la production des belles-lettres, alors que par ailleurs, les accusations de sodomie et d’impiété à l’encontre de ce poète et musicien de renom eurent d’abord une consistance juridique. Pourtant, ce ne furent pas les bruits qui couraient sur lui ni ses incarcérations successives qui ruinèrent la réputation de « l’empereur du burlesque », mais un pamphlet imprimé qui tournait ses mœurs en dérision. Aussi est-ce par l’écriture et la publication autorisée de ses Aventures que Dassoucy entreprit de défendre son honneur. S’il y parvint, au moins en partie, ce fut grâce au choix de l’autodérision burlesque, et non malgré lui.
Les décrets « inscriptions » et « mixité sociale » de la Communauté française
Authors: Ryelandt Nathalie
Published: November 2013

Les enquêtes PISA réalisées en 2000 et en 2003 ont révélé les lacunes de l’enseignement en Belgique francophone. L’un des problèmes soulevés était le manque d’équité du système éducatif, qui concentre les élèves « forts » dans certains établissements et les élèves « faibles » dans d’autres. Afin de lutter contre cette ségrégation scolaire, le gouvernement de la Communauté française a adopté diverses mesures, dont la plus emblématique est la régulation des inscriptions en première année de l’enseignement secondaire. Trois décrets successifs ont été pris en ce sens : le décret « inscriptions » du 8 mars 2007 dû à Marie Arena, le décret « mixité sociale » du 18 juillet 2008 adopté sous l’égide de Christian Dupont et le décret « inscriptions » du 18 mars 2010 dû à Marie-Dominique Simonet. Nathalie Ryelandt retrace les processus décisionnels qui ont abouti à ces trois procédures. Elle analyse le contenu des dispositifs retenus, ainsi que les difficultés qui ont été liées à leur mise en œuvre. Elle réserve une large place aux vifs débats que la régulation des inscriptions a suscités au Parlement de la Communauté française, dans la société civile, dans la communauté éducative et dans la communauté scientifique. Enfin, elle rend compte de l’évaluation – très partielle, faute de recul – dont le troisième décret a fait l’objet à ce jour. La conclusion interroge la pertinence de certains éléments du dispositif actuellement en vigueur et indique le positionnement des acteurs politiques à l’approche des élections régionales et communautaires de 2014.