bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does “Live High–Train Low and High” Hypoxic Training Alter Stride Mechanical Pattern During Repeated Sprints in Elite Team-Sport Players?
Authors: Girard Olivier , Millet Grégoire P. , Brocherie Franck
Published: July 2024

Purpose: We examined changes in stride temporal parameters and spring-mass model characteristics during repeated sprints following a 3-week period of “live high–train low and high” (LHTLH) altitude training in team-sport players. Methods: While residing under normobaric hypoxia (≥14 h/d; inspired oxygen fraction [FiO2] 14.5%–14.2%) for 14 days, elite field hockey players performed, in addition to their regular field hockey practice in normoxia, 6 sessions (4 × 5 × 5-s maximal sprints; 25-s passive recovery; 5-min rest) under either normobaric hypoxia (LHTLH; FiO2 ∼14.5%, n = 11) or normoxia (live high–train low; FiO2 20.9%, n = 12). A control group (live low–train low; FiO2 ∼20.9%, n = 9) residing in normoxia without additional repeated-sprint training was included. Before (Pre) and a few days (Post-1) and 3 weeks (Post-2) after the intervention, stride mechanics were assessed during an overground repeated-sprint test (8 × 20 m, 20-s recovery). Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (time [Pre, Post-1, and Post-2] × condition [LHTLH, live high–train low, and live low–train low]) were conducted. Results: Peak sprinting speed increased in LHTLH from Pre to Post-1 (+2.2% [2.0%]; P = .002) and Post-2 (+2.0% [2.4%]; P = .025), with no significant changes in live high–train low and live low–train low. There was no main effect of time (all P ≥ .062), condition (all P ≥ .771), or a significant time × condition interaction (all P ≥ .230) for any stride temporal variable (contact time, flight time, stride frequency, and stride length) or spring-mass model characteristics (vertical and leg stiffness). Conclusions: Peak sprinting speed improved in elite field hockey players following LHTLH altitude training, while stride mechanical adjustments to repeated overground sprints remained unchanged for at least 3 weeks postintervention.
Optimization of Sprint Training Among European Coaches: Quality Over Quantity
Authors: Agudo-Ortega Aarón , Sandbakk Øyvind , Salinero Juan J. , Johansen Bjørn , González-Rave José M.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To describe how high-level European sprint coaches (from 100 to 400 m) work to improve important factors associated with the quality of the holistic training process and the quality of the specific training session. Methods: A descriptive analysis was conducted using questionnaires from 31 European elite sprint coaches (ie, training athletes defined as tiers 3, 4, and 5) who participated voluntarily. Results: The coaches used traditional periodization (45%) with a 10- to 15-day tapering phase (48%) that includes a reduction in volume, maintenance of intensity, and focus on correct technical execution. In the 3 mesophases, coaches prioritized the basic development of strength and sprint work in the first phases of the season and emphasized more sprint-specific work in the competitive phase. Before sessions, adjustments were made based on factors such as psychological (77%), technical (48%), and physical (39%) parameters. In-session load management relies on a combination of objective and subjective measures (55%), in which the dialogue with athletes (65%) was regarded as the main resource. Feedback during and after sessions covers technical (54%), psychological (48%), and physical (35%) aspects. Recovery protocols after sessions mainly involve rest and professional guidance (42%). For performance assessment and testing, coaches utilize countermovement jump (52%), force–velocity profile (45%), and 30-m flying (61%) as main tools. Conclusions: European sprint coaches demonstrated a comprehensive approach to planning and management, shedding light on the multifaceted nature of their training methodologies and the diverse tools employed for athlete testing and monitoring.
The Relationship Between the Moderate–Heavy Boundary and Critical Speed in Running
Authors: Hunter Ben , Meyler Samuel , Maunder Ed , Cox Tobias H. , Muniz-Pumares Daniel
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Training characteristics such as duration, frequency, and intensity can be manipulated to optimize endurance performance, with an enduring interest in the role of training-intensity distribution to enhance training adaptations. Training intensity is typically separated into 3 zones, which align with the moderate-, heavy-, and severe-intensity domains. While estimates of the heavy- and severe-intensity boundary, that is, the critical speed (CS), can be derived from habitual training, determining the moderate–heavy boundary or first threshold (T1) requires testing, which can be costly and time-consuming. Therefore, the aim of this review was to examine the percentage at which T1 occurs relative to CS. Results: A systematic literature search yielded 26 studies with 527 participants, grouped by mean CS into low (11.5 km·h−1; 95% CI, 11.2–11.8), medium (13.4 km·h−1; 95% CI, 11.2–11.8), and high (16.0 km·h−1; 95% CI, 15.7–16.3) groups. Across all studies, T1 occurred at 82.3% of CS (95% CI, 81.1–83.6). In the medium- and high-CS groups, T1 occurred at a higher fraction of CS (83.2% CS, 95% CI, 81.3–85.1, and 84.2% CS, 95% CI, 82.3–86.1, respectively) relative to the low-CS group (80.6% CS, 95% CI, 78.0–83.2). Conclusions: The study highlights some uncertainty in the fraction of T1 relative to CS, influenced by inconsistent approaches in determining both boundaries. However, our findings serve as a foundation for remote analysis and prescription of exercise intensity, although testing is recommended for more precise applications.
Creating and Sustaining a High-Performing Tennis Culture
Authors: Nash Christine , Crespo Miguel , Martínez-Gallego Rafael
Published: July 2024

The coach is identified as a key actor in the development of a high-performing culture in sport, in this case, tennis. Using mixed-methods research design, we investigated the views of the participating high-performance tennis coaches on the International Tennis Federation/Olympic Solidarity coach education and certification programme conducted in Spain, and how they felt their involvement made an impact within their national organisations, by enabling them to develop and implement a coach-created high-performing environment. We collected data using both interview and survey procedures. Our findings from the survey indicated that the participating coaches found the programme to be very helpful to their practice, especially to their long-term tennis development, the structure and organisation of effective tennis programmes, and the implementation of appropriate training methods for their players. Content analysis of the interviews revealed three main themes related to creating a high-performing tennis culture: (a) high-performing environment, (b) deliberate focus on growth and development, and (c) obstacles to creating a tennis culture. We discuss the challenges associated with transferring a successful sports development programme to a different cultural environment and conclude with some key points for effective implementation.
Enriching Player Development in Women’s Futsal in Portugal: A Narrative Account of Case Examples
Authors: Santos Fernando , Davids Keith , Carvalho Rute , Rabaça Corina , Queiroz Débora
Published: July 2024

In Portugal, women’s participation in futsal, one of the most popular sports in the country, has increased 85.5% in the last decade, growing from 5,406 to 10,028 female participants. The purpose of this critical commentary is to provide insights on current conditions in women’s futsal in Portugal and what we can learn to improve experiences and opportunities for future generations of players as well as to advance new possibilities for research in this field. Based on the authors’ lived experiences and expertise, a narrative account has been developed to showcase athletes’ developmental pathways within the female futsal landscape in Portugal as case examples. This article seeks to provide some novel insights across sport systems concerning the processes and mechanisms through which athlete development in women’s sport can be enriched as well as how research can be used to increase equity and social justice. The narrative accounts can be taken to imply that there is the need to increase meaningful opportunities for the development of female futsal athletes through using more contemporary pedagogical strategies and structures by the futsal organizations. These contemporary pedagogical strategies may focus on variables such as improved coach education offerings, increased number of practice sessions per week, and access to modernized facilities and equipment. Moving forward, system-level changes are needed to impact individual–environment relationships more accurately as well as continue to foster the growth of the sport.
Saccades and Microsaccades Coupling During Free-Throw Shots in Basketball Players
Authors: Piras Alessandro , Del Santo Francesco , Meoni Andrea , Raffi Milena
Published: July 2024

We investigated the role of saccades and microsaccades when different levels of basketball players were engaged in an ecological free-throw condition. All participants made more correct than incorrect shoots, with a movement time initiation shorter in amateurs than in near-expert groups. Near-experts had more stable gaze fixation than amateurs, with higher microsaccade rate and duration and lower peak velocity. Amateurs showed higher saccade rate, peak velocity, and amplitude than near-experts. The temporal sequence of near-experts’ microsaccade rate increased after the saccade peak; on the contrary, in amateurs, the saccade peak is shown after the decrement in microsaccade rates. The spatiotemporal characteristics of microsaccades and saccades may reflect an optimal sampling method by which the brain discretely acquires visual information and can differentiate between participants who use a fixation before the critical movement time and participants who move their eyes to catch more visual cues to make decisions.
Macrophage depletion protects against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Authors: Sung Cathy Yea Won , Hayase Naoki , Yuen Peter S. T. , Lee John , Fernandez Katharine , Hu Xuzhen , Cheng Hui , Star Robert A. , Warchol Mark E. , Cunningham Lisa L.
Published: July 2024

Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer drug with notable side effects including ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Macrophages, the major resident immune cells in the cochlea and kidney, are important drivers of both inflammatory and tissue repair responses. To investigate the roles of macrophages in cisplatin-induced toxicities, we used PLX3397, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved inhibitor of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, to eliminate tissue-resident macrophages. Mice treated with cisplatin alone had considerable hearing loss (ototoxicity) and kidney injury (nephrotoxicity). Macrophage ablation resulted in significantly reduced hearing loss and had greater outer hair cell survival. Macrophage ablation also protected against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, as evidenced by markedly reduced tubular injury and fibrosis. Mechanistically, our data suggest that the protective effect of macrophage ablation against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity is mediated by reduced platinum accumulation in both the inner ear and the kidney. Together, our data indicate that ablation of tissue-resident macrophages represents an important strategy for mitigating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Leading role of Saharan dust on tropical cyclone rainfall in the Atlantic Basin
Authors: Zhu Laiyin , Wang Yuan , Chavas Dan , Johncox Max , Yung Yuk L.
Published: July 2024

Tropical cyclone rainfall (TCR) extensively affects coastal communities, primarily through inland flooding. The impact of global climate changes on TCR is complex and debatable. This study uses an XGBoost machine learning model with 19-year meteorological data and hourly satellite precipitation observations to predict TCR for individual storms. The model identifies dust optical depth (DOD) as a key predictor that enhances performance evidently. The model also uncovers a nonlinear and boomerang-shape relationship between Saharan dust and TCR, with a TCR peak at 0.06 DOD and a sharp decrease thereafter. This indicates a shift from microphysical enhancement to radiative suppression at high dust concentrations. The model also highlights meaningful correlations between TCR and meteorological factors like sea surface temperature and equivalent potential temperature near storm cores. These findings illustrate the effectiveness of machine learning in predicting TCR and understanding its driving factors and physical mechanisms.
N
-Heterocyclic carbene catalytic 1,2-boron migrative acylation accelerated by photocatalysis
Authors: Huang Hua , Yu Zhao-Yuan , Han Lu-Yao , Wu Yi-Qi , Jiang Lu , Li Qing-Zhu , Huang Wei , Han Bo , Li Jun-Long
Published: July 2024

The transformation of organoboron compounds plays an important role in synthetic chemistry, and recent advancements in boron-migration reactions have garnered considerable attention. Here, we report an unprecedented 1,2-boron migrative acylation upon photocatalysis-facilitated
N
-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. The design of a redox-active boronic ester substrate, serving as an excellent β-boron radical precursor, is the linchpin to the success of this chemistry. With the established protocol, a wide spectrum of β-boryl ketones has been rapidly synthesized, which could further undergo various C─B bond transformations to give multifunctionalized products. The robustness of this catalytic strategy is underscored by its successful application in late-stage modification of drug-derived molecules and natural products. Preliminary mechanistic investigations, including several control experiments, photochemistry measurements, and computational studies, shed light on the catalytic radical reaction mechanism.
Near-infrared luminescent open-shell π-conjugated systems with a bright lowest-energy zwitterionic singlet excited state
Authors: Yu Craig P. , Chowdhury Rituparno , Fu Yao , Ghosh Pratyush , Zeng Weixuan , Mustafa Tarig B. E. , Grüne Jeannine , Walker Lucy E. , Congrave Daniel G. , Chua Xian Wei , Murto Petri , Rao Akshay , Sirringhaus Henning , Plasser Felix , Grey Clare P. , Friend Richard H. , Bronstein Hugo
Published: July 2024

Open-shell systems with extensive π-conjugation have fascinating properties due to their narrow bandgaps and spin interactions. In this work, we report neutral open-shell di- and polyradical conjugated materials exhibiting intriguing optical and magnetic properties. Our key design advance is the planarized geometry allowing for greater interaction between adjacent spins. This results in absorption and emission in the near infrared at 803 and 1050 nanometers, respectively, and we demonstrate a unique electronic structure where a bright zwitterionic excited state is the lowest-accessible electronic transition. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and superconducting quantum interference device measurements reveal that our materials are open-shell singlets with different degrees of spin interactions, dynamics, and antiferromagnetic properties, which likely contributed to the formation of their emissive zwitterionic singlet excited state and near-infrared emission. In addition, our materials show reversible and stable electrochromic switching with more than 500 cycles, indicating their potential for optoelectronic and electrochemical energy storage applications.
Quantitative softness and texture bimodal haptic sensors for robotic clinical feature identification and intelligent picking
Authors: Qiu Ye , Wang Fangnan , Zhang Zhuang , Shi Kuanqiang , Song Yi , Lu Jiutian , Xu Minjia , Qian Mengyuan , Zhang Wenan , Wu Jixuan , Zhang Zheng , Chai Hao , Liu Aiping , Jiang Hanqing , Wu Huaping
Published: July 2024

Replicating human somatosensory networks in robots is crucial for dexterous manipulation, ensuring the appropriate grasping force for objects of varying softness and textures. Despite advances in artificial haptic sensing for object recognition, accurately quantifying haptic perceptions to discern softness and texture remains challenging. Here, we report a methodology that uses a bimodal haptic sensor to capture multidimensional static and dynamic stimuli, allowing for the simultaneous quantification of softness and texture features. This method demonstrates synergistic measurements of elastic and frictional coefficients, thereby providing a universal strategy for acquiring the adaptive gripping force necessary for scarless, antislippage interaction with delicate objects. Equipped with this sensor, a robotic manipulator identifies porcine mucosal features with 98.44% accuracy and stably grasps visually indistinguishable mature white strawberries, enabling reliable tissue palpation and intelligent picking. The design concept and comprehensive guidelines presented would provide insights into haptic sensor development, promising benefits for robotics.
Performance of the cobas EBV and cobas BKV assays: multi-site comparison of standardized quantitation
Authors: Mannonen Laura , Jokela Pia , Kragh Thomsen Marianne , Yerly Sabine , Cilla Gustavo , Jarem Daniel , Canchola Jesse A. , Hopkins Mark
Published: July 2024

Guidelines recommend monitoring of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and BK virus (BKV) in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. The majority of quantitative DNA testing for EBV and BKV employs unstandardized individual laboratory-developed testing solutions (LDTs), with implications for accuracy, reproducibility, and comparability between laboratories. The performance of the cobas EBV and cobas BKV assays was assessed across five laboratories, using the World Health Organization International Standards (WHO IS) for EBV and BKV, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Quantitative Standard for BKV, and results were compared with the LDTs in use at the time. Methods were also compared using locally sourced clinical specimens. Variation was high when laboratories reported EBV or BKV DNA values using LDTs, where quantitative values were observed to differ by up to 1.5 log
10
unit/mL between sites. Conversely, results from the cobas EBV and cobas BKV assays were accurate and reproducible across sites and on different testing days. Adjustment of LDTs using the international standards led to closer alignment between the assays; however, day-to-day reproducibility of LDTs remained high. In addition, BKV continued to show bias, indicating challenges with the commutability of the BKV International Standard. The cobas EBV and cobas BKV assays are automated, aligned to the WHO IS, and have the potential to reduce the variability in viral load testing introduced by differences in LDTs. Standardization of reporting values may eventually allow different centers to compare data to allow clinical decision thresholds to be established supporting improvements in patient management.

IMPORTANCE

The application of center-specific cut-offs for clinical decisions and the variability of LDTs often hinder interpretation; thus, the findings reported here support the need for standardization in the field of post-transplant monitoring of EBV and BKV to improve patient management. Alongside the choice of assay, it is also important to consider which standard to use when deciding upon a testing methodology. This is a call to action for standardization, as treatment for EBV and BKV is driven by viral load test results, and the more accurate and comparable the test results are across institutions, the more informed and better the treatment decisions can be.
Valve-in-Valve-in-Valve
Authors: Cook Selma Tosca , Togni Mario , Denervaud Patrice , Cook Stephane
Published: July 2024

In the case of the degeneration of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), the transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the standard. However, these valves are also susceptible to deterioration. In such instances, a new TAVI implantation may be considered. We present the case of a patient with a SAVR who underwent two TAVI procedures, spaced 8 years apart. We discuss important practical aspects, including the risk of coronary obstruction and the final valve diameter.
Long-term cost-effectiveness analysis of rugby fans in training–New Zealand: a body weight reduction programme for males
Authors: Lee Peter , Hargreaves Elaine , Jiang Yannan , Calder Amanda , Marsh Samantha , Gray Cindy , Hunt Kate , Eyles Helen , Draper Nick , Heke Ihirangi , Kara Stephen , Maddison Ralph , Gao Lan
Published: July 2024

Objectives

We sought to extrapolate the long-term costs and clinical impacts attributed to the rugby fans in training–New Zealand (RUFIT-NZ) trial in Aotearoa, New Zealand.

Design

A modelled cost-effectiveness analysis using efficacy data from RUFIT-NZ was conducted from the Aotearoa New Zealand healthcare perspective.

Setting

A Markov cohort model was constructed with a lifetime time horizon. The model simulated events of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) occurring among a hypothetical cohort of 10 000 individuals receiving either the RUFIT-NZ intervention or no intervention. Efficacy data were based on the RUFIT-NZ trial, and the latest Global Burden of Disease study was used to extrapolate the impact of body weight reduction on clinical outcomes of T2DM, MI or stroke. Cost and utility data were drawn from the RUFIT-NZ trial and published sources.

Primary outcome measures

The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Results

Over a lifetime time horizon, participants in the RUFIT-NZ intervention gained 0.02 (discounted) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at an additional cost of NZ$863, relative to no intervention. The estimated ICER was NZ$49 515 per QALY gained (discounted), which is above the arbitrary willingness-to-pay threshold of NZ$45 000 per QALY. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these findings.

Conclusions

RUFIT-NZ was associated with a reduction in cardiovascular and endocrine events for overweight and obese males. However, based on conservative assumptions, RUFIT-NZ was unlikely to be cost-effective from a healthcare system perspective.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12619000069156.
Unequal uptake of skilled maternal health care services in Ethiopia: cross-sectional data analyses informed by the intersectionality theory
Authors: Shibre Gebretsadik
Published: July 2024

Objective

To investigate intersectional inequality encompassing socioeconomic, geographical and demographic variables in the use of competent birth and postnatal care services in Ethiopia.

Design

Data for the study came from a series of the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys. Four major surveys were taken place between 2000 and 2016 and all were included in the study. 9867, 9075, 10 592 and 9915 live births born 5 years preceding the surveys that were attended by skilled health workers in 2000, 2005, 2011 and 2016, respectively, were included in the study. For the postnatal care, only the 2016 survey was used due to sample size issues in the other surveys, and 3843 women having live births 2 years preceding the survey had complete data, allowing for fitting of a model. Since the outcome measures are binary, the logit model was used. Intersectionality was analysed by entering interactions into models.

Settings

Population-based representative surveys encompassing all areas of Ethiopia.

Participants

The study subjects are women of reproductive age who had live births 2 years preceding the 2016 survey (for postnatal care) and live births born 5 years preceding the respective surveys (for birth care).

Outcome measures

The outcome measures are skilled birth and postnatal care services. The postnatal care was for mothers within the first 2 days of giving birth and did not include care for the newborn. Competent maternal health care services are those that are provided by competent health workers: doctors, nurses, midwives and health officers.

Results

It was observed that women at the crossroads of multiple axes of advantage and disadvantage had better and worse utilisation, respectively. For example, maternal education and residence intersected and predicted coverage of birth care was the highest among secondary schooling women who dwelt in urban settings with the values of 0.255; 95% CI 0.113 to 0.397 in 2000 and 0.589; 95% CI 0.359 to 0.819 in 2016 but was the lowest among non-educated women who lived in rural areas with the values of 0.0236; 95% CI 0.0154 to 0.0317 in 2000 and 0.203; 95% CI 0.177 to 0.229 in 2016.

Conclusions

It appeared that some women who were at the intersections of multiple axes of disadvantage had the lowest predicted coverage for maternal health care services. The study suggests that targeted interventions be developed for women who are at the intersection of multiple axes of marginalisation and that multiple sectors work in their sphere of resposibility to tackle social determinants of maternity care inequality. Policymakers may consider using intersectionality to inform development of targeted policies and or strategies. Further, future studies include structural drivers in the analysis of intersectionality to gain a better insight into the causes of disparities.
Physicians’ knowledge and attitudes towards telesurgery and its associated factors in a resource-limited setting, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: a cross-sectional study design
Authors: Reda Mekides Molla , Gashu Kassahun Dessie , Beshir Miftahe Abedella , Butta Fikadu Wake
Published: July 2024

Background

Telesurgery has become helpful in overcoming the current shortage of surgeons and reducing the barriers to timely and effective surgical intervention caused by long-distance travel, which is caused by distance, cost, complexity and frequent hazards. However, knowledge and attitude remain challenges in the implementation of such a system.

Objective

This study aimed to assess physicians’ knowledge and attitude towards telesurgery and associated factors at resource-limited setting, Northwest Ethiopia.

Method and analysis

A simple random sampling method was carried out to choose study participants from each referral hospital, and data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to estimate knowledge and attitudes towards telesurgery among physicians and to identify factors associated with physician knowledge and attitudes towards telesurgery.

Study design

Cross-sectional study design.

Setting

This study was conducted at six specialised referral hospitals and two specialised and teaching referral hospitals in the Amhara region, northwest Ethiopia.

Result

408 physicians were included for analysis, with a response rate of 96.45%. Among study participants, 47.8% and 43.1% had good knowledge and attitudes towards telesurgery, respectively. Educational status, digital literacy, source of information, computer training, digital health training and internet access in the organisation were factors associated with a physician’s knowledge of telesurgery. Moreover, physician’s knowledge, technology use, educational status, computer training, computer access and internet access in the organisation were factors associated with physicians’ attitudes towards telesurgery.

Conclusion and recommendation

Almost half of physicians had good knowledge, and less than half had a good attitude towards telesurgery, so healthcare policy-makers should improve physicians’ digital literacy, technology use and internet access to enhance their knowledge and attitudes for future implementation.
Immediate efficacy of acupuncture combined with active exercise as 10 min rapid therapy for pain and movement disorders in patients suffering from acute stiff neck: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pei Xianmei , Li Qifu , Huang Gaoyangzi , Liao Jianglong , Huang Ya , Chen Ziwen , Tang Xin , Liu Zili , Sun Jinbo , Guo Taipin , Liang Fan-Rong
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Stiff neck is a condition mainly characterised by persistent pain and limited neck movement, which can substantially impact patients’ daily lives during acute episodes. Accordingly, rapid pain relief and restoration of normal activities are the main needs of patients during doctor visits. This study aims to assess the immediate efficacy of acupuncture combined with active exercises in rapidly relieving pain and improving movement disorders within 10 min in patients with acute stiff neck (ASN).

Methods and analysis

This randomised controlled clinical trial is being conducted at a single centre in China. 120 participants diagnosed with ASN will randomly be assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three groups: the acupuncture combined with active exercise group (group A), sham acupuncture combined with active exercise group (group B) and active exercise only group (group C). Each participant will undergo a single 10 min session. The primary outcome is the effective rate at 10 min of treatment. Secondary outcomes include the effective rate at other time points (0–1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 min), Visual Analogue Scale score and cervical range of motion. The intention-to-treat analysis will include all randomised participants.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine (2022-009). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants before randomisation. The findings of this study will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at conferences.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2200066997.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with CT-based central adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Zainab , Habib Aysha , Sajjad Zafar
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and association of central obesity measures such as body mass index (BMI), visceral fat adiposity (VFA) and superficial fat adiposity (SFA) with MS, diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN).

Design

Cross-sectional study design.

Setting

Tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Participants

165 participants. There were 124 male participants and 41 female participants of Pakistani population. All participants above 18 years, who had unenhanced CT abdomen examination and relevant blood workup, were included. Patients with a known clinical history of coronary artery disease, HTN and DM as well as pregnant patients were excluded.

Interventions

VFA and SFA were estimated, at the level of the umbilicus. Data of BMI, MS, DM and HTN were extracted from patient files. Data for MS, DM and HTN were recorded as binary variables.

Outcome measures

The primary outcome measures were the prevalence of MS and the association of MS, DM and HTN with gender, VFA, SFA and BMI. P value of <0.05 was taken as significant with CI of 95%.

Results

The prevalence of MS was 29.7%. There was a significant association of MS, DM and HTN with VFA, SFA and BMI. In gender-based analysis 48.7% of the female participants had MS. In subset analysis, 47% of male subjects in the third tertile of VFA revealed significant association with MS (p value <0.05) while only 32.7% of subjects in the obesity category of BMI had MS. SFA revealed a significant association with DM only (p value <0.5).

Conclusion

In conclusion, VFA shows a significant association with MS, DM and HTN. Considering these results, further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to generate gender-based cut-offs for VFA for obesity screening purposes.
Core socioDemographic data variables in ICU Trials (CoDe-IT): a protocol for generating core data variables using a Delphi consensus process
Authors: Krewulak Karla D , Sheikh Fatima , Heirali Alya , Marshall John C , Burns Karen E A , Kupsch Scotty , Maratta Christina , Murthy Srinivas , O'Hearn Katie , Russell Kristine , Mehta Sangeeta , Fiest Kirsten
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Sociodemographic variables influence health outcomes, either directly (ie, gender identity) or indirectly (eg, structural/systemic racism based on ethnoracial group). Identification of how sociodemographic variables can impact the health of critically ill adults is important to guide care and research design for this population. However, despite the growing recognition of the importance of collecting sociodemographic measures that influence health outcomes, insufficient and inconsistent data collection of sociodemographic variables persists in critical care studies. We aim to develop a set of core data variables (CoDaV) for social determinants of health specific to studies involving critically ill adults.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a scoping review to generate a list of possible sociodemographic measures to be used for round 1 of the modified Delphi processes. We will engage relevant knowledge users (previous intensive care unit patients and family members, critical care researchers, critical care clinicians and research co-ordinators) to participate in the modified Delphi consensus survey to identify the CoDaV. A final consensus meeting will be held with knowledge user representatives to discuss the final CoDaV, how each sociodemographic variable will be collected (eg, level of granularity) and how to disseminate the CoDaV for use in critical care studies.

Ethics and dissemination

The University of Calgary conjoint health research ethics board has approved this study protocol (REB22-1648).
Insights from the ACTION Teens Study: a survey of adolescents living with obesity, their caregivers and healthcare professionals in the UK
Authors: Halford Jason C G , Brown Adrian , Clare Kenneth , Ells Louisa J , Ghosh Anngona , Giri Dinesh , Hughes Carly , Senniappan Senthil
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The Awareness, Care and Treatment In Obesity maNagement (ACTION) Teens study explored attitudes, behaviours, perceptions and barriers regarding effective obesity care among adolescents living with obesity (ALwO), caregivers and healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Design

Cross-sectional online survey study.

Setting

Study across 10 countries; here, we report data from UK respondents.

Participants

Overall, 416 ALwO (aged 12 to <18 years; body mass index ≥95th percentile for age and sex (WHO charts)), 498 caregivers and 250 HCPs in the UK completed the survey (August–December 2021).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Survey questions addressed key aspects of obesity management for ALwO.

Results

Overall, 46% of ALwO perceived their weight as normal or below normal and 86% believed their health was at least good; 56% and 93% of caregivers responded similarly for their ALwO. Despite this, most ALwO (57%) had attempted to lose weight in the past year and 34% felt highly motivated to lose weight. YouTube and social media were most often used by ALwO for information about weight management (41% and 39%); few ALwO and caregivers sought information from a doctor (13% and 22%). Among ALwO who had discussed weight with an HCP (n=122), 49% trusted their weight-management advice. Only 10% of ALwO and 8% of caregivers were told by a doctor that they/their child had obesity. For HCPs, obesity-related comorbidities were the most common reason for initiating weight conversations with ALwO (73%), while short appointment times were the most common barrier (46%). Overall, 30% of ALwO and 11% of caregivers did not feel comfortable bringing up weight with an HCP.

Conclusions

Improved education and communication are needed among ALwO, caregivers and HCPs in the UK to help improve awareness of obesity, its aetiology and its impact on health, and to support HCPs to proactively initiate weight-related conversations and build trust with ALwO and caregivers.

Trial registration number

NCT05013359.
Ab initio description of monopole resonances in light- and medium-mass nuclei
Authors: Porro A. , Duguet T. , Ebran J.-P. , Frosini M. , Roth R. , Somà V.
Published: July 2024

The paper is the third of a series dedicated to the ab initio description of monopole giant resonances in mid-mass closed- and open-shell nuclei via the so-called projected generator coordinate method. The present focus is on the computation of the moments $$m_k$$

m
k

of the monopole strength distribution, which are used to quantify its centroid energy and dispersion. First, the capacity to compute low-order moments via two different methods is developed and benchmarked for the $$m_1$$

m
1

moment. Second, the impact of the angular momentum projection on the centroid energy and dispersion of the monopole strength is analysed before comparing the results to those obtained from consistent quasi-particle random phase approximation calculations. Next, the so-called energy weighted sum rule (EWSR) is investigated. First, the appropriate ESWR in the center-of-mass frame is derived analytically. Second, the intrinsic EWSR is tested in order to quantify the (unwanted) local-gauge symmetry breaking of the presently employed chiral effective field theory ($$\chi $$
χ
EFT) interactions. Finally, the infinite nuclear matter incompressibility associated with the employed $$\chi $$
χ
EFT interactions is extracted by extrapolating the finite-nucleus incompressibility computed from the monopole centroid energy.
Leveraging Attention-reinforced UWB Signals to Monitor Respiration during Sleep
Authors: Li Siheng , Jin Beihong , Wang Zhi , Zhang Fusang , Ren Xiaoyong , Liu Haiqin
Published: July 2024

The respiration state during overnight sleep is an important indicator of human health. However, existing contactless solutions for sleep respiration monitoring either perform in controlled environments and have low usability in practical scenarios or only provide coarse-grained respiration rates, being unable to accurately detect abnormal events in patients. In this article, we propose Respnea, a non-intrusive sleep respiration monitoring system using an ultra-wideband device. Particularly, we propose a profiling algorithm, which can locate the sleep positions in non-controlled environments and identify different subject states. Further, we construct a deep learning model that adopts a multi-head self-attention mechanism and learns the patterns implicit in the respiration signals to distinguish sleep respiration events at a granularity of seconds. To improve the generalization of the model, we propose a contrastive learning strategy to learn a robust representation of the respiration signals. We deploy our system in hospital and home scenarios and conduct experiments on data from healthy subjects and patients with sleep disorders. The experimental results show that Respnea achieves high temporal coverage and low errors (a median error of 0.27 bpm) in respiration rate estimation and reaches an accuracy of 94.44% on diagnosing the severity of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.
Study of Inner Spacer Module Process for Gate All Around Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Yang Chaoran , Li Junjie , Liu Enxu , Zhou Na , Xia Longrui , Zhang Chenchen , Kong Zhenzhen , Gao Janfeng , Chen Rui , Shao Hua , Yang Tao , Li Junfeng , Luo Jun , Wang Wenwu
Published: July 2024

Gate-All-Around(GAA) transistor is the most competitive device for the replacement of Fin Field-Effect Transistor (FinFET). Integrating the inner spacer module into process flow of manufacturing GAA devices still faces significant challenges.In this study, dummy gates were included and the most critical processes for inner spacer, such as cavity etching, dielectric material conformal filling and precise etching back process were studied.The inner spacer cavity with a depth of 10.10 nm was achieved using isotropic etching, and dielectric filling was completed by low pressure chemical deposition (LPCVD). Finally, an inner spacer with 9.35 nm thickness is formed after precise etching the dielectric material. Furthermore,to verify the physical isolation of the inner spacer, a selective epitaxy was developed on the Source/Drain region, achieving better process results. This research will provide important references for the industry to manufacture GAA devices, especially inner spacers.
Experimental Determination of Si Self-Interstitial Emission During Oxide Precipitation in Czochralski Silicon
Authors: Kissinger G. , Kot D. , Sattler A.
Published: July 2024

We used the method of Torigoe and Ono [J. Appl. Phys., 121, 215103 (2017)] to investigate the kinetics of β, the number of self-interstitials emitted per precipitated oxygen atom, during oxide precipitation in Czochralski silicon. For this purpose, we used pp- epitaxial wafers with a buried highly B-doped epitaxial layer which were annealed with and without thermal pre-treatments at 950 °C. From the results we conclude that in the initial phase of oxide precipitation without thermal pre-treatment β is very high before it drops to low values. With a thermal pre-treatment at 800 °C for 2 h, the initial value of β is somewhat lower before the drop also occurs. If a nucleation anneal is carried out before the thermal treatment at 950 °C the β values are low from the beginning. All of these results confirm our previously published theoretical predictions experimentally. This work also shows that the crystal pulling process can affect the initial β value because grown-in oxide precipitate nuclei can reduce their strain by vacancy absorption. Therefore, high vacancy supersaturation during crystal cooling while oxide precipitate nucleate would lead to somewhat lower initial β values.
Robustness Evaluation of Negative Stiffness Damper for Cable Vibration Mitigation Based on Interval Model with Experimental Validation
Authors: Shi Xiang , Wei Xiaolin , Li Jin-Yang , Xing Heming , Cai Qinlin
Published: July 2024

The negative stiffness damper (NSD) has emerged as a promising passive vibration control device for cable structures due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, uncertainties stemming from both internal and external environmental factors can potentially compromise the NSD’s performance in real‐world applications, posing risks to cable safety. In response, this paper conducts a robustness evaluation on an integrated cable‐NSD system, taking into account various potential uncertainties. Specifically, the uncertain parameters are described by interval variables. Consequently, an interval model is constructed to delineate the boundaries of cable dynamic responses when subjected to these uncertainties. The model’s accuracy is validated against experimental results. Subsequent simulations involve assessing interval responses for both single‐ and multimode cable vibrations under varying uncertainties. Finally, the NSD’s robustness concerning cable vibration control is evaluated using the model, which incorporates the first‐passage theory. This analysis delves into the relationships among confidence levels, performance measures, and the variation range of uncertainties. The results indicate that for single‐mode vibration control, there is a 90% confidence level that the damping ratio reduction remains within 10%. As for multimode vibration control, a 90% confidence level is established that the amplification falls within 17%.
Tattoo Regret, Complications, and Removal: A Cross‐Sectional Study among Tattooed Individuals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mitwalli Hadeel , Alfurayh Nuha
Published: July 2024

Background. A tattoo is a pigment permanently deposited into the skin to create different patterns. The worldwide percentage of tattooed individuals, as well as the level of tattoo regret, complications, and removal, has increased. However, data from Saudi Arabia are lacking.Objective. To determine the rates of tattoo regret, complications, and removal among tattooed individuals in Saudi Arabia.Methods. A cross‐sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A link to the survey was distributed through social media and contained twenty questions about participants’ demographics, tattoo practices, regret, removal, and complications. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). APvalue <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. A total of 181 tattooed individuals participated in the study. Most of them were females (95.6%), and 76.7% had their first tattoo at an age over eighteen years. A total of 47.5% had one tattoo session, and the most common body site was the eyebrows (57.5%). Fifty‐eight percent regretted their tattoo, and 42.5% attempted to remove it. Upper extremity tattoos were significantly associated with regret (72.3%) (P= 0.004) and removal (56.9%) (P= 0.003). Tattoo removal was mostly due to cultural reasons (74%). Local itching (32%), pain (22.7%), and infection (10.5%) were reported and associated with tattoo regret (P< 0.05). Itching was significant in 65.4% of head and neck tattoos and 41.5% of upper extremity tattoos (P< 0.05). Participants were aware that laser is the best method for tattoo removal.Conclusion. Among tattooed individuals in Saudi Arabia, the rate of tattoo regret and removal is high, and the most reported complication is pruritus.
When Uveitis and Hypotony Meets Bilateral Iris Retraction Syndrome: A Rare but Serious Complication of Nivolumab Treatment
Authors: Kandarakis Stylianos A. , Doumazos Leonidas , Karageorgiou Georgia , Petrou Petros , Doumazos Spyridon , Malamos Panagiotis , Georgalas Ilias
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Iris retraction syndrome (IRS) is a rare clinical condition characterized by a backbowing of the iris positioned on the lens with a complete pupillary block. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a new class of immunomodulating agents used in cancer therapy, and although they have high response rates, ophthalmic-related side effects have been reported. We report a rare case of bilateral IRS with hypotony after therapy with nivolumab. Case Presentation: We present a case of bilateral IRS with hypotony, 3 mm Hg OD and 5 mm Hg OS, after therapy with nivolumab. The patient presented with decreased vision, corneal edema, keratic precipitates, deep anterior chamber with posterior synechiae, and hypotony maculopathy. Anterior segment OCT revealed a sharp posterior displacement of the iridolenticular diaphragm consistent with IRS. Discontinuation of nivolumab until ocular improvement was suggested, following oncologic consultation. Four months later, the patient exhibited iris bombé with angle closure and increased IOP. This was managed with phacoemulsification and concomitant surgical iridectomy. One month after surgery, the patient’s IOP had returned to physiologic values, and the iris configuration had returned to normal. Conclusion: The exact mechanism of IRS remains unclear, but it is suggested that an aqueous imbalance, in conjunction with uveitis and hypotony, creates an anterio-posterior movement of the iridolenticular diaphragm when the pupillary block is present. Our case highlights the importance of monitoring patients receiving ICIs for ophthalmic adverse effects and prompt management to prevent permanent visual damage. In conclusion, this is the first reported case of IRS after therapy with ICIs. Further research is needed to fully understand the exact mechanism by which it is induced.