bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing bias in online surveys using alternative survey modes
Authors: Spencer Neil H. , Syrdal Dag S. , Coates Matthew , Huws Ursula
Published: May 2022

Due to concerns that respondents to online surveys are different from populations of interest, parallel offline surveys can be undertaken and results compared. In this article we create a set of principles to compare results from online surveys with those from surveys using other survey modes. Rather than just comparing estimates and confidence intervals from the different modes, these principles consider biases that each survey mode introduces and whether the results obtained are compatible with each other, given these different biases. Using the example of a survey of platform work, we demonstrate that this approach can be used effectively and be applied to a variety of social science studies that use online surveys.
Microwave photonics broadband unambiguous frequency measurement based on a Sagnac loop and a linear optical filter
Authors: Zhang Yinling , Shang Tao , Li Gufeng , Liu Xiongchao , Chen Dan , Li Zhaokun
Published: May 2022

We propose an instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) scheme featured with unambiguous measurement utilizing a Sagnac loop with an embedded bi-directional phase modulator and an optical filter with a linear frequency response. The frequency of the microwave signal to be measured is instantaneously estimated by calculating an amplitude comparison function (ACF) of photocurrents from the upper and lower branches of the proposed structure. Compared to previous IFM schemes, the ACF in the proposed scheme is monotonic, by which the frequency of the unknown microwave signal can be uniquely confirmed without ambiguity. Only one laser source and a phase modulator are needed, which simplifies the measurement system. In addition, the monotonous ACF can guarantee measurement accuracy in a wide range, from low frequency to high frequency. The IFM system has robustness in optical and RF power shifts. Simulation results show that frequency measurement over the range of 30 GHz with a measurement error of 0.4 GHz is achieved.
Signature of the photonic spin Hall effect in monolayer MoS2 via weak measurement
Authors: Das Akash , Mandal Soumen , Pradhan Manik
Published: May 2022

We report the direct experimental evidence of the photonic spin Hall shift (PSHS) in monolayer

M
o

S

2

for a fundamental Gaussian beam via a weak measurement scheme involving definite preselection and postselection spin states. We find that the PSHS is largely dependent on the angle of incidence, postselection angles, and polarization states along with specific ways of interaction of the light with the

M
o

S

2

surface. Our findings reveal a unique signature linking angular positions at which the spin Hall shifts (SHS) (zero crossing) with the discontinuity in the phase difference (

ϕ
P

−

ϕ
S

) of the reflection coefficients further establishing the connection of the PSHS to the geometric phases of the light. An effective theoretical model is applied to confirm the experimental measurements. This paper, thus, deepens our understanding of the tiny spin-dependent splitting in monolayer

M
o

S

2

, opening a new, to the best of our knowledge, avenue for the practical applications of the PSHSs.
Using quantitative PCR to identify opportunities to strengthen soil-transmitted helminth control in Solomon Islands: A cross-sectional epidemiological survey
Authors: Le Brandon , Clarke Naomi , Hii Sze Fui , Byrne Aisling , Zendejas-Heredia Patsy A. , Lake Susanna , Sokana Oliver , Khattak Alam , Romani Lucia , Engelman Daniel , Nasi Titus , Boara Dickson , Kaldor John , Steer Andrew , Traub Rebecca , Nery Susana Vaz
Published: May 2022

Background

The Kato-Katz microscopy technique is the global standard for assessment of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) burden. However, major limitations include its poor sensitivity, requirement for rapid sample processing, and inability to differentiate hookworm species nor detect Strongyloides spp. infections. We assessed the prevalence and intensity of STH species in Solomon Islands by conducting a province-wide survey using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for diagnosis, which can provide much better characterisation of STH burden than microscopy.

Methodology/Principal findings

We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 18 villages in Western Province to detect infections with six STH species and quantify intensity with three. We used linear mixed model regression to identify potential water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and environmental risk factors for infection. We collected stool specimens from 830 village residents. Overall STH prevalence was 63.3% (range 27.5 to 91.5% across villages), led by Necator americanus (54.5% [range 17.5–89.4%]), followed by Ancylostoma ceylanicum (15.5% [range 2.8–45.8%]), Trichuris trichiura (9.1% [range 0–79.2%]), and Strongyloides spp. (3.2% [range 0–29.2%]). Most infections were of light intensity for N. americanus (85.7%) and T. trichiura (90.7%). Owning a household latrine was associated with a lower risk of N. americanus infection (AOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24–0.68) while greater precipitation was linked to more common T. trichiura infection (AOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25).

Conclusion/Significance

In this first large-scale population survey of STH in the Pacific using qPCR, we found evidence that ivermectin should be incorporated into STH control programmes because of the presence of T. trichiura and Strongyloides spp., both of which are poorly responsive to albendazole. Furthermore, One Health strategies are needed for improved A. ceylanicum and Strongyloides spp. control, WASH access and use should be improved to complement deworming programmes, and control efforts should ideally be expanded to entire communities.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001086257.
The role of uropathogenic Escherichia coli adhesive molecules in inflammatory response- comparative study on immunocompetent hosts and kidney recipients
Authors: Wojciuk Bartosz , Majewska Karolina , Grygorcewicz Bartłomiej , Krukowska Żaneta , Kwiatkowska Ewa , Ciechanowski Kazimierz , Dołęgowska Barbara
Published: May 2022

Background

Urinary tract infections (UTI) represent one of the most common contagious diseases in humans. UropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) strains are recognized as the most frequent causative agent, and these express a range of virulence factors including the adhesins. Immune response to UPEC under immunosuppression has not been fully understood yet. Interleukin 1β (IL1β), 6 (IL6) and 17 (IL17) represent clinically relevant markers of inflammation.

Aim

The study aimed to investigate the interplay between UPEC genotype and hosts’ immune status in shaping local inflammatory response in the course of an UTI episode. The respective numbers of: 18 kidney recipients with UPEC UTI, 28 immunocompetent hosts with UPEC UTI and 29 healthy controls were involved. Urine IL1β, IL6, and IL17/creatinine ratios in relation tofimH,csgA,papC,tosA, andflugenes presence in UPEC isolated from the urine samples were analyzed. Apart from traditional statistics, also machine learning algorithms were applied.

Results

The urine levels of IL1β and IL 6 were similar in kidney recipients and the immunocompetent hosts. IL1β levels were higher in both kidney recipients and immunocompetent hosts than in controls, while IL6 levels were higher only in immunocompetent hosts than in controls. In the machine learning classification model, high urine IL17 levels were significantly more prevalent in controls, while low IL17 levels in urines infected with Ag43-positive UPEC strains, regardless of the host’s immune status. In the traditional statistical analysis, IL17 levels appeared significantly higher in urine samples from kidney recipients infected with Ag43–negative UPEC strains.

Conclusions

In the UTI- affected patients, the combination of the immune status of an individual and Ag43 status of the UPEC strain determined urine IL17 level in the analyzed group. However, IL17 levels above median were overall more prevalent in controls.
Feasibility indicators of telemedicine for patients with dementia in a public hospital in Northeast Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lima Danielle Pessoa , Queiroz Ingrid Barros , Carneiro Alexandre Henrique Silva , Pereira Daniela Araújo Aragão , Castro Camila Silva , Viana-Júnior Antonio Brazil , Nogueira Charlys Barbosa , Coelho Filho João Macedo , Lôbo Rômulo Rebouças , Roriz-Filho Jarbas de Sá , Braga-Neto Pedro
Published: May 2022

Background

The use of telemedicine has become a fundamental tool in healthcare in recent years, especially at times of Covid-19 pandemic. Currently, there are several telemedicine tools that are simple, inexpensive, and effective means of communication. This article aims to describe indicators of feasibility including patient recruitment, attendance, discomfort (internet connection issues and/or noncompliant patient behavior), satisfaction, and travel time and cost savings of virtual telemedicine consultations for patients with dementia.

Methods

The study was conducted at the Geriatrics Department of Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC) in Fortaleza, Brazil, between May 1st and December 31, 2020. The eligibility criteria included previous diagnosis of dementia syndrome and receiving care at the hospital’s dementia outpatient clinic in face-to-face consultations in the preceding 12 months. Patients were excluded if they did not feel comfortable with virtual consultations, did not have the required communication technology available or their caregiver was not available to attend the remote consultation. The patients were recruited from the outpatient dementia clinic’s medical appointment scheduling list. The intervention was designed as a one-time consultation and it included treatment approaches and health promotion recommendations.

Results

Patient recruitment, attendance and discomfort rates were 85.5%, 97.7% and 9.4%, respectively. To attend face-to-face visits, they reported an average travel time (including the consultation) of 233.21 minutes and average total cost of 60.61 reais (around USD 11). The study intervention was well accepted among the patients and their caregivers with 97.6% being satisfied. Many were happy to avoid long waits in crowded medical waiting rooms and the risk of covid-19 contagion.

Conclusions

We found good recruitment, attendance, and acceptance rates of remote care for the follow-up of dementia patients as well as low discomfort rates.

Trial registration

Brazilian Trial Registry (REBEC) RBR-9xs978.
Type B and type A influenza polymerases have evolved distinct binding interfaces to recruit the RNA polymerase II CTD
Authors: Krischuns Tim , Isel Catherine , Drncova Petra , Lukarska Maria , Pflug Alexander , Paisant Sylvain , Navratil Vincent , Cusack Stephen , Naffakh Nadia
Published: May 2022

During annual influenza epidemics, influenza B viruses (IBVs) co-circulate with influenza A viruses (IAVs), can become predominant and cause severe morbidity and mortality. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that IAVs (primarily avian viruses) and IBVs (primarily human viruses) have diverged over long time scales. Identifying their common and distinctive features is an effective approach to increase knowledge about the molecular details of influenza infection. The virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (FluPolB and FluPolA) are PB1-PB2-PA heterotrimers that perform transcription and replication of the viral genome in the nucleus of infected cells. Initiation of viral mRNA synthesis requires a direct association of FluPol with the host RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), in particular the repetitive C-terminal domain (CTD) of the major RNAP II subunit, to enable “cap-snatching” whereby 5’-capped oligomers derived from nascent RNAP II transcripts are pirated to prime viral transcription. Here, we present the first high-resolution co-crystal structure of FluPolB bound to a CTD mimicking peptide at a binding site crossing from PA to PB2. By performing structure-based mutagenesis of FluPolB and FluPolA followed by a systematic investigation of FluPol-CTD binding, FluPol activity and viral phenotype, we demonstrate that IBVs and IAVs have evolved distinct binding interfaces to recruit the RNAP II CTD, despite the CTD sequence being highly conserved across host species. We find that the PB2 627 subdomain, a major determinant of FluPol-host cell interactions and IAV host-range, is involved in CTD-binding for IBVs but not for IAVs, and we show that FluPolB and FluPolA bind to the host RNAP II independently of the CTD. Altogether, our results suggest that the CTD-binding modes of IAV and IBV may represent avian- and human-optimized binding modes, respectively, and that their divergent evolution was shaped by the broader interaction network between the FluPol and the host transcriptional machinery.
PET-CT en el carcinoma anaplásico de tiroides y otros subtipos histológicos agresivos
Authors: García-Talavera San Miguel Paloma , Díaz-González Luis Gonzaga , Gómez-Caminero Felipe , Riola Parada Cristina , Peñaherrera-Cepeda Carolina , Tamayo-Alonso María Pilar
Published: May 2022

Introducción y objetivo:
Los subtipos histológicos agresivos de cáncer de tiroides son menos frecuentes y tienen peor pronóstico que los bien diferenciados (CDT). Los subtipos agresivos más importantes son el carcinoma de células de Hürthle (CCH), el carcinoma anaplásico y el pobremente diferenciado
En esta revisión vamos a hablar del papel del PET-CT, especialmente con 18F-FDG, en estas estirpes histológicas agresivas, así como en subtipos agresivos de CDT (células altas, esclerosante difuso…) y en el carcinoma de tiroides refractario al radioyodo.
Síntesis:
Aunque la principal indicación del PET con 18F-FDG en el cáncer de tiroides es la sospecha de recidiva, en pacientes con CDT con tiroglobulina sérica elevada y rastreo corporal total (RCT) con radioyodo negativo, esta técnica tiene crecientes aplicaciones en el CDT.
Así mismo, el PET con 18F-FDG también es una herramienta diagnóstica eficiente en el estudio del carcinoma anaplásico, el pobremente diferenciado y otras estirpes histológicas agresivas.
Es recomendado en las guías clínicas actuales como parte de la estadificación inicial en cánceres de tiroides anaplásico, pobremente diferenciados y CCH invasivo. Y cada vez se emplea más en otras indicaciones como valoración pronóstica, de la respuesta al tratamiento, e incluso durante el seguimiento de pacientes de alto riesgo.
El empleo de otros trazadores para PET como el 68Ga-PSMA y el 68Ga-DOTATATE no han demostrado claramente su beneficio clínico frente a la 18F-FDG. Suelen limitarse a casos en los que sea necesaria la valoración de la densidad de receptores de análogos de somatostatina y PSMA previa a terapia metabólica.
Conclusiones:
El PET-CT con 18F-FDG es la técnica diagnóstica funcional más efectiva en el estudio de las neoplasias tiroideas poco diferenciadas y agresivas, ya que muestran escasa o nula avidez por el radioyodo y sin embargo elevada afinidad por la 18F-FDG. El papel de otros trazadores PET para la valoración de estos tumores es prometedor, aunque aún necesita de estudios con mayor número de pacientes.
NMDA- and asphyxia induced alterations of neurovascular responses in
the cerebral cortex of newborn pigs, implications for the pathomechanism of
neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Remzső Gábor
Published: May 2022

Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is a major cause of neonatal mortality and it
can also lead to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in the surviving
newborns. Despite the availability of therapeutic hypothermia, HIE still
results in long term disability in many infants, as hypothermia alone is
often not sufficient to fully mitigate the HIE caused neuronal damage. To
find new adjunct therapies, further investigation of the neuronal and
vascular pathomechanisms underlying HIE development is warranted, and the
newborn pig used in our studies is one of the best large animal model for
the preclinical translational study of PA/HIE. To enhance the mechanistic
understanding of neuronal injury in our previously established
translationally valid PA/HIE model, first we aimed to determine the
magnitude, the dynamics, and the mechanisms of PA on the brain interstitial
pH (pHbrain) both during asphyxia and HIE development. Second, we
investigated the effects of excessive glutamatergic activation by NMDA on
neurovascular unit function using hypercapnia induced vasodilation to test
cerebrovascular reactivity. Third, we wanted to explore if NMDA could alter
both the spontaneous and also the hypercapnia induced changes in cortical
electrical activity. Anesthetized and mechanically ventilated piglets were
fitted with either open or closed cranial windows. pHbrain, cortical blood
flow (CoBF), and neuronal activity was determined, with pH sensitive
microelectrodes, laser-speckle contrast imaging, and multi-channel
intracortical microelectrodes, respectively. PA was elicited by ventilation
with a hypoxic-hypercapnic gas mixture (6%O2, 20%CO2; 20min), then HIE
development was observed up to 24h. NMDA was applied onto the cortical
surface, graded (5-20%) hypercapnia was induced by ventilation with a
normoxic-hypercapnic gas mixture. pHbrain dropped below 6.0 during PA
exceeding by ~0.8 pH unit the acidosis in the blood highlighting its
importance in neuronal injury. The respiratory component was responsible for
only ~40% of the developing acidosis. pHbrain was restored quickly after PA
and remained stable throughout the observation period. Both graded
hypercapnia and NMDA caused increases in CoBF, but NMDA also attenuated the
response to hypercapnia in an NMDA-receptor and nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)
dependent manner shown with respective inhibitors. NMDA induced
neurovascular dysfunction was also shown by NMDA induced perturbations in
cortical neuronal activity and the altered electrophysiological response to
graded hypercapnia as well. Our findings suggest that severe acidosis as
well as excitotoxic neurovascular unit dysfunction may play an important
role in PA/HIE pathpohysiology in our translational PA/HIE model.
Introducing a Global

Carbon

Allowance

Trading System

(G-CATS)

as an Ecological Alternative to Neoliberalism.
Authors: Whalley Simon
Published: May 2022

In this paper, an alternative economic system to neoliberalism is introduced. Our current system of endless growth has pushed our climate and biospheres to almost complete collapse. It has also caused record levels of inequality, both domestically and internationally and those least responsible for the damage are already suffering. This paper analyses the carbon trading mechanisms that have been introduced in an attempt to encourage renewable energy growth, and then proposes a solution that will allow us to remain within our carbon budget to stop warming at 1.5

°C

, distribute wealth more evenly and encourage a circular economy with less consumption and waste. The Global Carbon Allowance Trading System (G-CATS) works by allocating a strict carbon budget to citizens and then allowing them to trade in a carbon market with the price of carbon increasing as the budget is depleted. This allows those with money to purchase carbon from those who wish to sell in order to increase their wealth. Systemic change is urgently needed and a system that aims to satisfy those on the political left and right is described in this paper.
Is there a relationship between Bullying and PTSD among Nurses
Authors: Samaranayake Devika
Published: May 2022

Today in this highly competitive world organisations demand a lot from their employees. This is not different for healthcare industries. In hospitals, nurses undergo tremendous pressures in order to ensure their patients are looked after well. But it is commonly known in the industry that nursing is one of the hardest jobs to do. This is not only because of the stresses they are put under but also due to the pressure and abuse nurse get from their peers as well as management.Even though bullying exists in almost every organisation, it can be a cause for concern in the healthcare sector. This is because bullying will cause unnecessary stresses on nurses. Which, in turn, will result in errors. Some might be minuscule errors while some can result in fatalities. Therefore psychological well-being among nurses is a must. The stresses of bullying can be caused by being bullied or simply by observing bullying.The aim of this study is to understand the effects of bullying and to find out how it contributes to PTSD. The researcher has identified two main aspects of bullying which will cause PTSD among nurses. Using a survey the researcher has collected data from a private hospital in Colombo in order to determine the effects of bullying and witnessing bullying.The findings of this study will help the healthcare professionals to understand the effects of bullying and what effect it causes in nurses. Further, it will help relevant decisionmakers to take right decisions in order to prevent bullying and ensure the perfect working condition to its staff.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR): A Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ammad , Alam Ghanwa
Published: May 2022

Background Since Pakistan is adapting to the technological advancements in the procedure, and shifting to TAVI, more studies are required to evaluate the safe and efficacy of the procedure. The data on the topic is scarce, and our study will aim to fill in the literature gap. Furthermore, by looking at the burden of cardiac diseases, a policy implementation could be put in place to guide prevention and treatment in the country. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of TAVI procedure and decide whether its a sustainable, cost effective enough of an option when compared to standard open heart surgery in the setting of low and middle income country Results Based on a cohort of 200 patients (100 in each group), a higher Postoperative Complication Rate was observed with SAVR compared with TAVI (39.0% vs 13.0%, respectively).Among SAVR patients the most common complications were postoperative bleeding (51.2%), infection (30.7%) and cardiac tamponade (17.9%).Patients who underwent TAVI had higher incidence of other postoperative complications which were vascular complications (53.8%) and need for pacemaker implantation (46.1%).On comparison the two groups did show significant differences in the mortality rate (SAVR G = 15.0%&TAVI G = 4.0%). Conclusions TAVI has Low Postoperative Complication Rate and Mortality Rate compared to SAVR .Our Data confirm that TAVI is a safer and more reliable procedure for Patients suffering from Aortic Stenosis.
3D Maps Integration based on Overlapping Regions Matching
Authors: Drwięga Michał
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a method of 3D maps integration based on overlapping regions detection and matching.
The algorithm works without an initial guess about transformation. The process of finding transformation between maps can be divided into two steps.
The first one is the estimation of an initial transformation based on feature extraction, description, and matching.
The assumption is that the maps have an overlapping area that can be used during feature based processing.
Then the found initial solution is corrected using local methods, for example, Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm.
The maps are stored in the octree based representation (octomaps) but during transformation
estimation, a point cloud representation is used as well. In addition, the presented method was verified in various experiments: in a simulation, with wheeled robots, and with publicly available datasets.
Eventually, the solution can be applied to many robotic applications related to the exploration of unknown environments.
Nevertheless, so far the implemented method was validated with a group of wheeled robots.
The Ozarks
Authors: Kersen Thomas Michael
Published: May 2022

This chapter introduces some of the major themes that reoccur throughout the book such as liminality, modernity, eccentricity, communalism, and sustainability. In addition to addressing the geographical area, the book also briefly introduces major Ozark scholars.
The Cults of Searcy County, Arkansas
Authors: Kersen Thomas Michael
Published: May 2022

Several cults have made the Ozarks their home. The Incoming Kingdom Missionary Unit One was an early cult that believed that they would be safe in Searcy County after the apocalypse. A more recent cult migrated in from New Orleans: the Nahziryah or the Purple People. Led by Duvall Augustus Mitchell, it became a rare example of an African American cult. Also discussed in the chapter are other African American religious groups that are on the fringes of American society.
When Electric Music Came to Arkansas
Authors: Kersen Thomas Michael
Published: May 2022

Besides hosting one of the earliest rock concerts in the South, the Ozarks are the home of rockabilly acts such as Billy Lee Riley and Ronnie Hawkins. These performers inspired Black Oak Arkansas who became well known and even established a compound in the Ozarks. The other famous band from that time was the Ozark Mountain Daredevils.
Introduction
Authors: Hebblethwaite Benjamin
Published: May 2022

This chapter introduces slave trading between the kingdoms of Dahomey, Allada, and Hueda and French traders, exploring how it impacted the emergence of Haitian Vodou in Saint-Domingue. The study of Saint-Domingue between 1650 and 1803 reveals the atrocious conditions in which enslaved people preserved Vodou. The prominence of people from the Bight of Benin in the early period of the colony explains the salience of Allada’s Rada Rite. The Bight of Benin’s Sèvis Ginen emerged on the plains near sugar plantations while Central African traditions tended to emerge on coffee plantations in the mountains. Central features of Vodou’s values, beliefs and practices are introduced alongside a comparison of Vodun and Vodou theologies. Vodou’s history is traced from Saint-Domingue into contemporary days. The features of Vodou are analyzed and Vodou hermeneutics’ use of methodologies in history, religious studies, linguistics, literary criticism, and ethnomusicology is introduced.
The African Spiritual Roots of Haitian Vodou
Authors: Hebblethwaite Benjamin
Published: May 2022

Chapter 2 examines Dahomian theology and the major traits of Vodun, including organization, hierarchy, practices, and rituals like initiation and the Annual Feast of the vodun (spirits), as well as the place of amulets, the tovodun, and the role of prohibitions in the service of spirits. The aim is to reveal Haitian Vodou’s African religious foundations. Discussions include the music of initiation, the relation of music to possession, and spiritual categories in Vodun religion. The naturalization of foreign vodun in Dahomian royal religion reveals ancient syncretistic approaches to conquest. The Aja-Fon spirits examined include the personal vodun Legba, the divination spirit Fa, the python vodun Dangbe and Dan, the panther vodun Agasu, plus Adjahouto, Hebyoso, Aizan, Loko, Djisò, Dan-aïdô-ouêdo, Lënsouhouè, the tohosu, Mahu and Lisa the creator couple, Sakpata, and the sacred twins. Hueda’s Dangbe temple and the politics surrounding the Dahomian King’s re-ranking of temples in 1727 are examined.
Running and Imaginative Games
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre
Published: May 2022

This chapter begins with a transcript of a recorded session held at Gates of Prayer Hebrew School. The words of the children demonstrate that children, whatever denomination they belong to, participate in the schooyard games they encounter in their daily life. The chapter also contains children’s accounts of running games. Tag is by far the most varied and popular running game recorded, with a seemingly limitless set of variants. 
Running games introduced to students as part of their physical education are often adapted to schoolyard play. “Dodge ball,” “Basketball,” and “Football” have street versions enthusiastically played. Dramatic running games having a story line includes such imaginative play as “Prisoner’s Base,” “Monsters,” “Colored Eggs,” as well as reenactments of Television shows like Batman and “Charlie’s Angels.”
Jokes
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre
Published: May 2022

Telling jokes and stories is an art form for both children and adults. The teller has to have good logical order, precise timing, and entertaining delivery to keep everyone’s interest. This chapter presents children’s jokes, listener’s comments, and catalogs both successes and failures. The jokes were told in racially mixed settings. The audience was fellow schoolmates, and the kibitzing is instantaneous. A child stumbling through his/her first attempts at joke and storytelling has to have tenacity and a tough outer skin. 
Included in this chapter are transcripts of children telling stories as well as jokes and a long interview with ninth graders from Redeemer High School entertaining one another with stories and jokes that get progressively naughtier.
Communities of Fiddlers in Mississippi
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

Some groups of fiddlers attended the same fiddle contests and events, and knew, or knew of, each other. Though they were strongly individual musical personalities, they did not learn and play in a vacuum. There were many fiddlers. Many fiddle contests were advertised in newspapers within the state, particularly in 1900–40, but only a few of the newspaper reports contained any information about the fiddlers and the tunes they played. The descriptions that follow will suggest something about the quantity of the fiddlers and the interest in the music to supplement the recorded tunes transcribed in the rest of this book.
Dink Brister
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

Dink Brister belonged to the last generation of black rural musicians to be attracted to string band music and to play for local white audiences in the 1930s and 1940s. Toward the end of this period, southern music, both black and white, was becoming electrified and moving away from the string band sound. Many white singers and musicians were emerging to play the new sounds, and southern white rural audiences became less interested in hearing and dancing to the music of black string bands. This loss of white musical patronage may have been another contributing factor to the diaspora of black musicians from the area.
Claude Kennedy
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David , Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

Claude Kennedy (4/30/1908–12/18/1980) of Mendenhall in Simpson County, Mississippi, was not a widely known musician outside of his community. However, his band, the Six Towns Band, traveled to Washington in July of 1974 to perform at the Smithsonian Folklife festival as representatives of the state of Mississippi. In usual Mississippi networking fashion, they had been recommended for the performance by one of Claude’s cousins, who had a relative working for the Smithsonian.
The Nations Brothers
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

Sheldon and Marshall Nations were from the Fair Oak Springs community, near Brookhaven, the county seat of Lincoln County. John Sheldon Nations (1910–85) played fiddle, and Marshall Dee Nations (1912–95) guitar. “A few of our tunes were our father’s,” Marshall wrote—one was “Magnolia One Step,” which his father called “Get Up In The Cool”—“but the others were our own compositions. My brother would sometimes take several old tunes, change them and put them together, making new ones, such as ‘Sales Tax Toddle.’”
The Newton County Hill Billies/Alvis Massengale
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

The Newton County Hill Billies recorded six tunes for Okeh Records in Jackson, Mississippi, on December 16, 1930. Alvis Massengale (08/05/1897–10/13/1993) played fiddle, Marcus Harrison mandolin, and Andrew Harrison guitar. Massengale started playing the fiddle around the age of ten, learning from his father and grandfather, who were both fiddlers, and by listening to the radio and records. He claimed that at one point his repertoire reached one hundred and fifty tunes, seventy-five of which he still remembered in 1980 at the age of eighty-three. He was a highly skilled fiddler playing carefully phrased and ornamented tunes.
Afterword
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

Harry Bolick describes three of his adventures in locating and interviewing the musicians families.
Southern Drama and Geopathology
Authors: Kayser Casey
Published: May 2022

This chapter draws on Una Chaudhuri’s concept of “geopathology” in modern drama, which applies to analysis of the depiction of the American South on stage as a “problem” for playwrights and place as problem for the characters they create. Drama possesses unique features that collide with region in ways that affect how audiences and critics respond to southern plays. For instance, the already “performative” nature of the South and drama’s need for exaggeration within production may cause reception issues. Drama’s tight focus on dialect and character juxtaposed with the use of southern accents in performance and audience familiarity with many common southern “types” may lead to questions about authenticity versus artificiality. This chapter examines critical response to southern plays, which show patterns of fetishization and distance, and outlines the marginalization that affects playwrights in terms of their gender, race, and sexuality, considering evidence that demonstrates persistent inequities in American theatre.
“Another World, Another Planet”
Authors: Kayser Casey
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores how southern women playwrights interrogate regional perceptions, often through juxtaposing the American South with the theatre capital of New York City. They avoid the hazards of discrete regional categorization and bridge gaps between northern and southern audiences by displacing the South: moving it to the side, either in physical setting or character memory, so that they might more successfully engage with the universal. In many plays, the South exists only in memory or longing within dialogue; for instance, in Paula Vogel’s plays The Oldest Profession (2004) and How I Learned to Drive (1997) and Pearl Cleage’s Chain (1992). Moving the South to the periphery allows it to function symbolically in ways that drive characterization and plot, and through juxtaposing northern and southern settings, playwrights can avoid audience disengagement and lead audiences to think in more nuanced ways about regional perceptions and identity.
Introduction
Authors: McSweeney Terence
Published: May 2022

This chapter is an exploration of the cultural significance of the film framed from a variety of perspectives. There are few films in the last decade that have had as much of a cultural impact as Ryan Coogler’s Black Panther, released in February 2018 as the eighteenth film in what is widely referred to as the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), a franchise which had started almost exactly ten years before with the release of Iron Man in 2008. As the first film in the MCU with a black protagonist and indeed the first superhero film with a black character named in the title since Hancock (2008), Black Panther was eagerly anticipated by many, but none could have foreseen the levels of financial success it achieved and the acute social and cultural significance it acquired.
“Tell me a story, Baba”
Authors: McSweeney Terence
Published: May 2022

This chapter is an exploration of the world of the film and how it is placed in the landscape of the genre and the world as a whole. It examines the opening prologues of the film and connects it to broader historical and social debates.
Our Stories in Steel
Authors: Davis Patricia G.
Published: May 2022

Building on her work as a pioneer in broadening the voice of Southern rhetoric, contributor Patricia G. Davis conducts an autoethnography of the Equal Justice Initiative’s National Memorial for Peace and Justice in Montgomery, Alabama. As an extension of the book’s introduction, Davis makes an argument for inserting herself as an African-American woman in a dialogue with visitors, about the lynching memorial as an archetypal Southern space, and trauma and trauma healing as archetypal Southern acts.
Mary Church Terrell and Multiple Consciousness
Authors: King Cynthia P.
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, Cynthia P. King takes Mary Church Terrell as the very embodiment of Southern oratory. Doing so retakes visibility for Black women as iconically Southern orators. To do so also moves the genre for what constitutes good regional speaking. Rather than white men playing victims of Northern or “outsider” influence, Terrell struggles with aspects of her insider voice within the South. On the one hand, she converges her Black and female southern identity to perform as a resilient, eloquent authority figure. On the other hand, her identity diverges in her Black upper-class southern elitism, which undermines important parts of the speech with respectability politics.
Songs of the South
Authors: Ellis Cassidy D. , Forst Michael L.
Published: May 2022

Returning to autoethnography, this chapter by Cassidy D. Ellis and Michael L. Forst uses well-known Southern country rock music as points of entry to reflect on (dis)identificatoy performances as/of Southerners. These experiences of (dis)identification are theorized as threshold performances. The two authors live different but neither fully comfortable identities in regard to the sons and the region, particularly the strong gendered and heteronormative impulses of what “the South” has tacitly meant to White Alabamians.
The Romance of Othermothering
Authors: Pfeiffer Julie
Published: May 2022

Despite the conservative plot of the Backfisch book and its reliance on heterosexual marriage as the marker of successful maturation, the focus on these stories is not the courtship that leads to marriage, but a world of women and girls supervised by single, adult women who are financially, socially, and intellectually independent. These novels for girls return to the tradition of Sarah Fieldings’ The Governess and the role of storytelling to teach intimate connection between author and reader and to provide examples of girls and women living in nurturing communities. The protagonist’s journey away from home (and her mother’s care) allows her and the reader to see that women who are not biological mothers can provide valuable othermothering. The embodied intimacy of shared mothering challenges the assumption that heterosexual or Christian romance will be the primary form of love in a girl’s life and provides an alternative to essentialist conceptions of motherhood.
The Homesick Heroine
Authors: Pfeiffer Julie
Published: May 2022

Johanna Spyri’s Heidi moves the wider genre of girls’ fiction from a focus on girls who are safe (Backfisch novels and family stories) to girls’ books in which girls are vulnerable (the orphan girl novel). In the former, girls need only worry about their own education and marriage, and the natural world is a source of pleasure; in the latter, girls must change others, and the natural world becomes a vital space for healing. The playful Backfisch period is replaced by an environment of neglect, in which the girl must cultivate relationships in order to survive. Homesickness becomes a response to a dangerous world rather than a messy indicator of the heroine’s need to mature. Heidi’s tremendous success spoke to adult nostalgia for childhood and the desire to be saved from the anxiety of adolescence. Her plot became the central one in the classic girls’ book of the twentieth century.
“The Great Day Has Arrived” 1
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

Maria Miller settles in Boston in time to witness the admiring open expressions of revolutionary ideals: Bunker Hill Day and the Fourth of July—the 1826 Jubilee of Freedom.
Maria W. Stewart and the Principles of Moral and Political Theory
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

Deeply concerned about the salvation of her community, Stewart forges a new political theology that unites strict religious adherence with emancipatory political principles based on the founding ideas of freedom and equality. Her opening salvo is delivered in “Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality,” published in Garrison’s Liberator. The essay develops her political theory of black revolutionary liberalism.
Ghosts of Our Fathers: Rewriting the South in Lillian Smith’s Killers of the Dream
Authors: Mellette Justin
Published: May 2022

The realm of autobiography has long provided Southerners the distinct opportunity to assess and evaluate the peculiar complexity of their lives, as well as the factors endemic to the relationship between the South and America at large. In this chapter, Justin Mellette considers Smith’s Killers of the Dream as a rhetorical response to William Alexander Percy’s sentimental Lanterns on the Levee, as well as other Southern autobiographies of the time, illustrating how Smith’s autobiography worked intentionally to combat the pervasive racism of Southern culture. To that end, the study investigates Smith’s portrayal of the South as “hellscape,” considering especially her focus on “ghost stories” and other vehicles of racial and paternalistic control that enable perpetuation of Southern violence and terrorism.
Martha, Mary, and Susie: Totalitarian Political Ideology and Women in Lillian Smith’s The Journey
Authors: Rollins Wendy Kurant
Published: May 2022

Wendy Kurant Rollins investigates The Journey in this chapter, contending that through adept development of the character Susie—wife of motor court owner and demagogue, Cephas—Smith illustrates how authoritarian systems cripple female artists. Framing her analysis with Jungian psychology, Rollins reveals Smith’s warning against the “mythic mind”—which sees external reality only in the ways through which it conforms to the subjective structure of a particular archetype—in favor of vigilant separation of the mythic and rational minds. The Journey, this study argues, insists on the importance of the distinction and builds upon it, emphasizing that the abstract and mythic concepts of honor and responsibility can be made objective only through one’s interactions with others. Rollins examines this cautionary tale against totalitarianism in context of the Cold War era during which The Journey was published.
Respuestas psicológicas a la cuarentena por pandemia de COVID-19 en población colombiana
Authors:   Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia, Bedoya Cardona Erika Yohanna , Arboleda Gil María Camila ,   Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia, Durango Gallo Cristian Yesid ,   Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia, Hernández Torres Laura ,   Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia, López López Juliana ,   Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia, Osorio Ruiz Diana Carolina ,   Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia, Pereira Moreno Lady Johanna ,   Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Published: May 2022

Introducción: el presente estudio analiza el estrés percibido, las estrategias de afrontamiento, su regulación emocional, impacto y malestar psicológico, durante la cuarentena por la pandemia de COVID-19, en la población colombiana. Método: muestra no probabilística de 356 adultos que respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Resultados: se encontraron puntuaciones medias y altas en estrategias de afrontamiento y regulación emocional activas y puntuaciones bajas en estrés, malestar psicológico e impacto de la cuarentena. El 38.76 % presentó puntuaciones que indican riesgo de trastorno por estrés postraumático. Las mujeres,los menores de 35 años, los bachilleres, los estudiantes y las personas que viven solas presentan mayores afectaciones. Se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas de estrés con todas las variables, excepto con apoyo social y convivientes durante la cuarentena. Por último, se encontró asociación positiva del estrés con desahogo, supresión expresiva, impacto de la cuarentena y malestar psicológico; y asociación negativa con planificación, aceptación, revaluación cognitiva y edad mayor de 25 años. Conclusiones: los resultados contribuyen a comprender las respuestas ante la cuarentena e identificar factores de vulnerabilidad para diseñar programas de prevención e intervención.
Biocombustibles y los derechos humanos al agua y la alimentación en Colombia: aplicación de los Principios Rectores sobre las Empresas y Derechos Humanos de la ONU
Authors: Valbuena Latorre Paola Fernanda , Badillo Sarmiento Reynell Alberto
Published: May 2022

Este artículo retoma la discusión sobre las responsabilidades internacionales de las empresas a partir del caso de las productoras de biocombustibles frente a los derechos al agua y la alimentación. Para ello, se analiza el nivel de cumplimiento de las 13 productoras de biocombustibles más grandes de Colombia de acuerdo con lo determinado por los Principios rectores sobre las empresas y derechos humanos de la ONU. Concluimos, por un lado, que, pese a que existe evidencia para considerar que la producción de biocombustibles impacta negativamente en el acceso al agua y a la alimentación, la mayoría de las empresas en Colombia no han establecido planes de mitigación ni formas de remediar estos daños. Por otro lado, son las empresas más grandes las que han establecido compromisos políticos y cumplido el deber de debida diligencia, lo que parece apuntar a que el acceso a más recursos produce mayores niveles de cumplimiento. Esto permite inferir que en las empresa prima el enfoque de la voluntariedad para la adopción de disposiciones internacionales sobre derechos humanos.
El derecho social y la comunicación de ideas jurídicas en el Atlántico a fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX
Authors: Botero Bernal Andrés
Published: May 2022

Este artículo busca exponer cómo circularon las ideas del derecho social a finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX entre Europa y América. Para ello, este texto muestra, con algunas generalizaciones por cuestiones de espacio, el caso alemán, francés, italiano, español, estadounidense y latinoamericano, para dejar en claro cómo operó esa comunicación atlántica de ideas académicas y normas sociales en el derecho. Además, este escrito se propone demostrar que, si bien existió una circulación global de ideas sociales en el derecho, no puede perderse de vista cómo fueron recibidas esas ideas localmente, de manera tal que no puede estudiarse lo uno sin lo otro, aspecto que este artículo denomina la “glocalización” del derecho social.