bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Paradox of Authenticity and Its Implications for Contemporary and “Bizarre” Tourism Campaigns
Authors: Handayani Bintang
Published: July 2017

In this chapter, the paradox of authenticity in the content of the contemporary and “bizarre” tourism campaigns is explored. It is a reflective study that relies on a structure review approach, which aims to give a flavour on how the arguments are presented. The studies examine the structure of the intertwined variables and its implications for tourists' ‘lifeworld'. This study suggests that the tourists' lived experience is constructed from their point of view as consumers. In particular, it indicates that (1) pretentious language remains the ultimate power as commodification: and (2) although, tourism campaigns may influence visitors' intentions they may have only a minor effect on the formation of a favourable brand image of the destination. This study extends the discourse on authenticity as the essence of brand differentiation in the destination branding domain and raises issues for further research.
The Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on State and Dynamics of Consumer Behaviour
Authors: Krasko Vadim
Published: July 2017

Changes in dynamics of economic development of Latvia and its regions are characterised by changes of consumer behaviour and socio-economic factors. The purpose of the chapter is to study and analyse the peculiarities of socio-economic factors and consumer behaviour based on methods of economic and mathematical analysis and evaluation. It is important to analyse the influence of socio-economic factors, which determine consumer behaviour in the regional economics. Unemployment, prices, average wage, and industry output volume influences Latvia's consumer behaviour features. As a rule, in the region with the highest average wage there are higher expenditures and vice versa. Latvia's consumers' consumption is characterised by significant consumer division into two dominating groups: the rich and the poor. Each of these two social groups has its own consumption peculiarities.
Value-Added Agriculture for Central Asian Countries
Authors: Pirmatov Khabibullo , Galova Jana , Horska Elena
Published: July 2017

The goal of this chapter is to analyze the socio-economic role of value-added agriculture (VAA) for Central Asian (CA) countries. The agricultural sector of the region provides raw materials for the food, textile, and leather industry. Cotton, wheat, rice, and fruit (fresh and dried) play an important role in the foreign trade of each CA country. These countries have unrealized potential for storing, freezing, processing, and packaging of the wide nomenclature of fruit, food production, and drinks with the organization of their further exports to perspective markets. Adding value to agricultural products lead to increasing the share of finished goods in export, supplying import-substituting products, improving infrastructure in rural areas, providing new jobs, and growing farmers' income. Based on the analysis, the authors recommend using value-added agriculture for the CA countries by attracting domestic and foreign investments to rural areas, establishing tax incentives, and allocating preferential credits for agribusiness.
Effects of International Trade Agreements on the Economy and Society of Africa
Authors: Nagy Henrietta , Káposzta József , Neszmélyi György Iván , Obozuwa Omokheka Gregory
Published: July 2017

The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of the trade agreements existing in Nigeria to find out their contribution to the development of the economy. There are several such agreements, however, the authors investigate how much they really operate and serve the wellbeing of people as well as food security and safety. There have been various initiatives in the countries of Africa to develop the agricultural sector, which has employed millions of people and has had a significant role in keeping the population in the rural areas. However, the authors claim that less progress has been achieved than expected. In this chapter, the authors intend to analyze the situation in Africa, with a special focus on Nigeria, to summarize the achievements, and to list up some recommendations on future measures.
Effect of Climate Change on Crop Productivity and Prices in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Aye Goodness C. , Haruna Ruth F.
Published: July 2017

The chapter is aimed at assessing the effect of climate change on crop productivity and prices in Benue State, Nigeria. Time series data on selected output of crops (maize, rice, sorghum, yam, millet, groundnut, beans, and cassava), area planted, price, and climate variables such as rainfall, temperature, and sea level were used. Due to differing periods in data availability, this study used the time period 1995-2009 for analysis, in order to maintain a common period for all the series. First, the trend of productivity, prices, and climate change was analyzed using visual plots and results indicate some level of variability in these series over time. Second, a three stage least square regression was used to simultaneously analyze the effect of climate change on productivity and prices. Results show that climate change had significant impact on the productivity of millet, sorghum, cassava, and groundnut while it had significant impact only on the price of maize. These findings have important implications for food security situation in Benue State, Nigeria.
Local Production-Based Dietary Supplement Distribution in Emerging Countries
Authors: Gonzalez-Feliu Jesus , Osorio-Ramírez Carlos , Palacios-Arguello Laura , Talamantes Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2017

The production and distribution of Bienestarina to the vulnerable population of Colombia is one of the strategies of the Colombian Institute of Familiar Wellness (ICBF) to fight malnutrition, especially among children. This case is a good example of establishing food security and social improvement logistics that merits particular attention. The chapter presents an analysis of the Bienestarina supply chain based on the four elements: steering, organization, development, and financial issues. First, an overview of social improvement logistics and the Bienestarina context is provided. Second, theoretical frameworks related to the case are presented. Third, the case is described on the basis of the proposed analysis framework. Finally, generalization issues and conclusions allow the authors proposing the first characterization of social improvement logistics.
Image Retrieval Techniques Using Content-Based Local Binary Descriptors
Authors: Asery Rakesh , Sunkaria Ramesh Kumar , Marwaha Puneeta , Sharma Lakhan Dev
Published: July 2017

In this chapter authors introduces content-based image retrieval systems and compares them over a common database. For this, four different content-based local binary descriptors are described with and without Gabor transform in brief. Further Nth derivative descriptor is calculated using (N-1)th derivative, based on rotational and multiscale feature extraction. At last the distance based query image matching is used to find the similarity with database. The performance in terms of average precision, average retrieval rate, different orders of derivatives in the form of average retrieval rate, and length of feature vector v/s performance in terms of time have been calculated. For this work a comparative experiment has been conducted using the Ponce Group images on seven classes (each class have 100 images). In addition, the performance of the all descriptors have been analyzed by combining these with the Gabor transform.
Radial Moments for Image Retrieval
Authors: Sharma Pooja
Published: July 2017

Images have always been considered an effective medium for presenting visual data in numerous applications ranging from industry to academia. Consequently, managing and indexing of images become essential in order to retrieve relevant images effectively and efficiently. Therefore, the proposed chapter aims to elaborate one of the advanced concepts of image processing, i.e., Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) and image feature extraction using advanced methods known as radial moments. In this chapter, various radial moments are discussed with their properties. Besides, performance measures and various similarity measures are elaborated in depth. The performance of radial moments is evaluated through an extensive set of experiments on benchmark databases such as Kimia-99, MPEG-7, COIL-100, etc.
Explaining Cyberloafing Through a Theoretical Integration of Theory of Interpersonal Behavior and Theory of Organizational Justice
Authors: Betts Teresa K. , Setterstrom Andrew J. , Pearson John Michael , Totty Stephanie
Published: July 2017

Cyberloafing is an issue of growing concern for contemporary organizations. This paper develops an integrated research model which combines the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior and Organizational Justice to provide a holistic examination for cyberloafing behavior. Data was collected from working respondents via on-line questionnaire to test the research model. The results of this study found that the metaphor of the ledger from the organizational justice model was a significant predictor of intent to cyberloaf, while the four types of organizational justice were not significant predictors of the metaphor of the ledger. The effects of constructs from the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior performed as expected with the exception of the direct relationship between facilitating conditions and cyberloafing behavior. Overall, the results suggest that combining these two models provides a rich explanation of antecedents to cyberloafing.
Business and Technology Educators
Authors: Donne Vicki , Hansen Mary A.
Published: July 2017

Business educators face the challenge of operationalizing the global converging initiatives of technology integration and inclusion of students with a disability in K-12 education. A survey of business educators was conducted to ascertain how they were implementing these initiatives in the United States. Results indicated that business educators received little training and felt moderately prepared to teach students with a disability. Inclusion occurred in all courses taught and some differentiated instructional activities and assessments were utilized. Findings indicated additional training in the use of technology and assistive technology are needed.
Informational Competencies Entrepreneurship and Integral Values in Higher Education
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez José Manuel , Muñiz-Ávila Edgar , Huezo-Ponce Delia Lizette
Published: July 2017

Universities play a key role in modern societies inserted into a globalized economic world. This chapter studies how informational competencies, entrepreneurship, and integral values in higher education are necessary to foster economic growth and fight corruption. The authors especially are focused on distance education as it can be a tool to fight poverty by diminishing high illiteracy rates, mainly existing in developing countries. The purpose of the chapter is two-fold: 1) to study the impact of informational competencies in both education and entrepreneurship, and 2) to emphasize the importance of acquiring integral values by learners to be applied into educational processes based on emotional intelligence. As a result, students will be defined as prospective entrepreneurs endowed with the ability to recognize, internalize and understand emotions to be adjusted into relations and business behavior to impulse their goals. And in this sense, online education has an important role to play, especially in postgraduate studies, as in the case of MOOCs that are also analyzed.
Improving Moral Behaviour in the Business Use of ICT
Authors: Grant Candace T. , Grant Kenneth A.
Published: July 2017

The 21st century has seen a much-increased focus on the importance of ethical behaviour in business, driven by major scandals, calls for stricter regulation and increased demands for improved governance and reporting. In parallel, there are calls for the incorporation of moral and ethical elements in business education and university accreditation bodies and schools are responding. In particular, the explosion of technology change, particularly Internet, social media and beyond have raised many challenges for individuals, organizations and legislators. However, educational responses are varied and little has been done to determine the effectiveness of what has been done. Most responses to this need to provide ethical education follow a cognitive, rule-based approach, often using case-based techniques. This can improve knowledge and understanding of ethical issues, but it may have limited influence on actual behaviour. A relatively new field – Positive Psychology -- provides an alternate perspective, focusing on what is good rather than what is poor behaviour. One Positive Psychology approach, that of Appreciative Inquiry, which has not previously been used in ICT ethics education, offers a promising technique to develop improved moral attitudes and behaviour. This paper reports on a large-scale pedagogical research project that: (1) examines ethical perspectives from philosophy, psychology and pedagogy in the context of ICT professional education; (2) describes the development and multistage implementation of an ethics course in an undergraduate business ICT program delivered to more than 1,200 students; (3) discusses the formal evaluation of changes in moral attitude following a Positive Psychology intervention in the education of some 300 Business ICT students using the Defining Issues Test, Version 2 (DIT2) and the IMIS Survey developed at the Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility. The project results demonstrate that a well-designed applied ICT ethics course produces measureable positive changes in the ethical stances of participants and that the use of Appreciative Inquiry increases the impact of these changes. In addition to the relevance of the findings for educators they can provide guidance to those in organisations responsible for the ethical behaviour of their ICT employees.
Single Electronics for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Randhawa Deep Kamal Kaur
Published: July 2017

The nanoelectronic circuits based on single electronics would revolutionise the new generation electronic bio-medical gadgets. The high speed nanoelectronic devices would make these gadgets faster and more accurate. The nanoelectronic integrated circuits would be a boon for power saving along with advanced portability. As the scaling down of silicon based integrated circuits is limited in nanometer regime alternative materials like organic molecules, polymers, carbon nanotubes and graphene are focal point of research. These materials exhibit various electrical, electronic and mechanical properties, flexibility being one of very significant ones. Flexible nanelectronic integrated circuits would make biomedical applications very patient friendly. The in-vivo examination and diagnosis would be less injurious to the body. Also the flexible nature will increase the maneuverability of the device by the operator. It will improve the targeted diagnosis and targeted drug delivery procedures. This would further facilitate system-on- chip (soc) that will integrate multiple biomedical signal acquisition (ECG, EEG, EP, and respiration-related signals) with on-chip digital signal processing.
Genomics of peritoneal surface malignancies
Authors: Singh Jasvinder , Sharma Anup , Ahuja Nita
Published: July 2017

Peritoneal malignancies and metastasis are traditionally approached as a terminal disease, however with multiple lines of clinical therapy; long-term survival can be achieved in selected patients using aggressive cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. This is especially true for Pseudomyxoma peritonei from appendiceal neoplasms, peritoneal mesothelioma and peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer. In this article, we discuss the nature of genomic alterations in these three peritoneal malignancies and their potential as prognostic and therapeutic markers in clinical decisions. Genomic characterization of malignancies using technological advances including what is now widely used and accepted next-generation genomic sequencing methods has identified genomic anomalies (i.e. mutations, epigenetic modifications, transcription and expression changes in RNA) which is used for targeted therapy, prognostication, surveillance and prediction of response to therapy.
An American scientist's iconoclastic response to Psychotherapies for Anxiety and Depression: benefits and costs
Authors: Hirsch Joseph A.
Published: July 2017

Not available.
Flotation of uranium ores from the Elliot Lake area, Ontario
Authors: Honeywell W R
Published: July 2017

The method and results of a series of flotation tests on several Elliot Lake uranium ores are given. The reagents used were NaOH and Na2SiO3 in a desliming step, and tall oil fatty acid, Acintol FA-1 or FA-2, was used as collector. The average recovery obtained
was 92% in about 55% of the weight. The leach feed was up-graded from 0. 1 to about 0. 2% U308. The cost of the flotation reagents would be 25 to 30 cents per ton. A saving of about 20 cents per lb of uranium would be effected.
Air oxidation acid pressure leach investigations of uranium-bearing ores from Elliot Lake, Ontario
Authors: Harrison V F , Gow W A
Published: July 2017

Uranium extractions of at least 95% were obtained from Milliken Lake, Algom Quirke, Pronto, Algom Nordic, Stanleigh and Can-Met ores by the air oxidation sulphuric acid pressure leaching method, using a mechanically agitated autoclave. Although there was some
variation in the amenability of the ores to the treatment, in all cases effective uranium extraction was .obtained with 200 psig air pressure at 150°C for 4 hr and an air flow rate of 2 litres per minute per kilogram of ore. There was no evidence that the leach solution contained impurities
that would affect the recovery of the uranium by ion exchange or solvent extraction. The Type 316 stainless steel autoclave showed some slight corrosion or abrasion attack.
A laboratory study on the agglomeration of coal in the presence of plasticizing agents at moderate temperatures and high pressures
Authors: King L H
Published: July 2017

Briquets of 20 gm of crushed coal were prepared in a cylindrical steel die with a hand-operated hydraulic press. Using a high volatile A bituminous coal, the briquetting temperature and pressure, particle size, and type and amount of plasticizing agent (usually
creosote oil) were varied for a large number of runs to determine the influence of these factors on the compressive strength of the briquets. At a temperature of 250°C and a pressure of 6 tons per square inch, briquets were prepared that were hard, compact, dustless, and had a compressive
strength of 7, 000 to 9,000 psi. These briquets were much stronger than those prepared with asphalt binder. Microscopic examinations were conducted on polished surfaces of the briquets and were found useful in following and interpreting the effects of different briquetting conditions. Maceral
analyses were also made, to determine the influence of petrographic composition on briquet quality. Subbiturninous to low volatile bituminous coals were studied in a cursory manner, and it was shown that coals between high volatile B and low volatile bituminous rank produced the best briquets.
Reference is made to an earlier investigation in which this technique was developed to fabricate briquets of crushed coal which were of sufficient strength to permit the preparation of thin sections for microscopic examination.
Standardized procedures for the determination of the physical properties of mine rock under short-period uniaxial compression
Authors: Hardy H R
Published: July 2017

This bulletin describes in detail the problems encountered and the standardized methods evolved for the determination of a number of the physical properties of mine rock under short-period uniaxial compression. These properties include compression modulus,
Poisson's ratio, ultimate compressive strength, fracture angle, and strain energy. In addition a number of related properties are discussed, including rock type classification, petrographic classification, apparent specific gravity, and Mohs hardness. The analysis of the data obtained for these
physical properties is discussed in some detail.
A viscometer for mineral suspensions
Authors: Purdy G R , Eichholz G G
Published: July 2017

The measurement of the viscosity of mineral slurries, using a modified falling-ball viscometer, is described. In the system used, a plummet was pulled vertically through the slurry under test at a rate governed by an external weight. The velocity of the plummet
was established by means of two Geiger tubes outside the viscometer tube, which were actuated by a small radioactive source inside the plummet. The viscosity of suspensions of glass balls, barite and galena was compared at different rates of shear, and the variation in flow characteristics, in
particular the non- Newtonian nature of the viscosity of the mineral slurries, was clearly demonstrated. The use and limitations of a viscometer of this kind, for measuring the viscosity of slurries, are discussed.
Radioactive marking of steel balls for grinding tests
Authors: Eichholz G G
Published: July 2017

Tests have been carried out to label steel balls with radioactive iron for Investigations on the life and wear of the balls under operating conditions in grinding circuits. The method of introduction of-the tracer and the monitoring procedure are discussed in.
detail
Rapid test methods for determination of the approximate average pore radius, total pore volume and surface area contained in porous materials
Authors: Machin W D , Parsons B I , Montgomery D S
Published: July 2017

Rapid test methods are described for the determination of the average pore radius, the total pore volume and the surface area contained in catalyst pellets and granules. The measurements resulting from the application of these test methods to two alumina-silica
catalysts are compared with the data calculated from the nitrogen absorption isotherm. Methods of estimating (a) the relative amounts of large and small pores, (b) the uniformity of the packing of the powder in pellets, and (c) the presence or absence of cracks in the pellet, are also
discussed
Compositional variations in pyrochlore and niobian perovskite from a niobium deposit in the Oka district of Quebec
Authors: Nickel E H
Published: July 2017

The ore from the Columbium Mining Products Limited property at Oka consists largely of calcite, pyroxene, biotite and apatite, with calcite predominating. The niobium-bearing minerals are pyrochlore and niobian perovskite. Pyrochlore is more abundant in the
higher-grade samples, while niobian perovskite predominates in. the lower-grade samples. The Nb205 content of the pyrochlore ranges from 39.7% to 55.2%, and that of the perovskite varies from 14.5% to 44. 9%. A number of chemical relationships and physical properties of these
minerals have been investigated with a view to relating niobium content to other determinable features. It wag found that the niobium content of the pyrochlore is related inversely to its radioactivity and titanium content, and that the niobium content of the perovskite is related directly to the Nb
2 0 5 :Ti0 2 ratio in the ore. Other minerals foun.d in. the ore inclu.de dolomite, magne site, siderite, strontianite, monticellite, nepheline, analcite, natrolite, garnet, magnetite, hematite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, feldspar, zircon, barite, and fluorite.
Determination of beryllium by gamma-ray activation
Authors: Dibbs H P
Published: July 2017

An apparatus is described for the quantitative analysis of the beryllium content of powdered samples down to approximately 50 ppm of beryllium. The analytical technique is based upon the photoneutron reaction Be-9(y, n)Be-8 and employs antimony-124 as the gamma
source. A description is given also of a second apparatus for the qualitative screening of rock samples for beryllium content.
The effect of 'various factors on the protection of molten magnesium metal by mixed halide fluxes
Authors: Webster A H , Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

The losses of magnesium from small molten samples protected by a flux cover under a variety of conditions have been determined experimentally. When argon was substituted for air as the ambient atmosphere the magnesium loss increased, but when oxygen was
substituted for air there was no significant change In. magnesium loss. When a "refining" type of flux was substituted for a "protective" type of flux, no significant change in. the magnesium loss was observed. The presence of moisture in. the flux and in the atmosphere was shown to increase the
magnesium loss slightly. The flux appeared to protect the metal from rapid oxidation up to temperatures as high as the boiling point of the metal (1107°C). Evidence is discussed for the protective action of an. oxide layer, formed in conjunction with the flux.
Illustrative applications of the Jones wet agnetic mineral separator
Authors: Wyman R A , Stone W J D , Hartman F H
Published: July 2017

This bulletin reports the first substantial body of test work performed with the Jones Wet Magnetic Mineral Separator, a new device capable of isolating weakly, as well as strongly, magnetic minerals in the particle size range of -20 mesh to a few microns. The
173 tests included were performed on 83 samples representing 34 different materials. Two photographs and 1.54 tables are included. With some mineral combinations sharp separations were demonstrated, with others the separation was not complete, and with still others it was poor. The demand for test
work with the equipment during the period covered was so great that individual problems could not be completely worked out. The tests reported should, therefore., be considered as illustrative of the problems to which the Jones separator may be applied, rather than as
conclusive.
The determination of tungsten in ores, concentrates and steels
Authors: Faye G H , Guest R J , McAdam R C
Published: July 2017

Rapid and reliable procedures, all of which utilize a spectrophotornetric finish, have been developed for the determination of tungsten in ores, concentrates and high-alloy steels. The proposed procedures have been applied to a variety of samples, including
N.B.S. steel samples, covering a wide range of tungsten concentrations, and the results agree with those obtained by established but less convenient methods. Ores and concentrates are decomposed by either an acid attack or a pyrosulphate fusion depending upon the nature of the sample; steels are
dissolved in an acid solution. In the proposed procedures, tungsten is first reduced with stannous chloride under controlled conditions of temperature and acidity, and then complexed with thiocyanate. Tungsten may be determined directly by measuring the optical density of the coloured complex at
400m11, or when interfering coloured substances are present, the complex may be extracted into a suitable organic solvent and its optical density measured. The optimum working range in the proposed method is from 0.05 -1.00 mg of tungsten in. the aliquot taken for analysis. The effect of a number of
possible interfering is shown. Molybdenum, when present in conjunction with iron, causes high results, but this interference can be overcome by a prior extraction of the iron from a chloride medium with isopropyl ether.
A semi-automatic monitor of cyanide solution strength for gold ore dissolution
Authors: Eichholz G G , Josling C A
Published: July 2017

A semi-automatic device has been constructed that can be used to check the solution strength of cyanide solutions. It consists of a wheel on which a gold-foil bearing glass slide is mounted. The wheel moves the gold foil through the solution under test and
intercepts a light beam. As the gold foil is attacked by the cyanide solution its light absorption diminishes. The successive increase in transmitted light intensity is recorded and gives a measure of gold dissolution rate. Curves have been obtained to show the effect of cyanide Concentration and
oxygen content on dissolution rates. Details are presented of the construction of the unit, and some practical operating procedures are outlined.
Determination of nickel by spectrophotometric measurement of the chloroform extract of nickel- dimethylglyoximate-- application to brasses, bronzes, magnesium and aluminum metals and their alloys
Authors: Penner E M , Inman W R
Published: July 2017

A spectrophotometric procedure involving chloroform extraction of nickel " -dimethylglyoximate and direct photometric measurement of the extract at 370m has been applied to the determination of 0.0005 to I% nickel in brasses and bronzes and in magnesium and
aluminum metals and their alloys. Copper and zinc are complexed with sodium thiosulphate prior to extraction of the nickel complex from an ammonium tartrate medium at pH 6.5. Manganese and other elements present in the materials described do not interfere in the proposed
method.
Weldability of titanium and titanium alloys
Authors: Winterton K
Published: July 2017

The literature on the welding of titanium and its alloys is reviewed. Titanium is very reactive and is easily contaminated by carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen. During welding, the hot metal must be protected at all times from the atmosphere, and it may be
necessary to pay special attention to the purity of inert gases used for shielding. Commercially pure titanium and the alpha alloys are the most readily weldable, and have been considered as a group. The alpha-beta and beta alloys can be joined, but the welds tend to be brittle, and vary in their
response to heat treatment. These alloys often need individual techniques and treatment to obtain optimum properties in the welded joints. The most useful fabrication methods are tungsten inert gas welding, metal inert-gas welding, and resistance spot and seam welding, and these have all been used
extensively in aerospace applications. Good brazing methods have been developed and may be useful for "honeycomb" structures. Oth.er specialized methods, such as electron-beam welding and explosive welding, have been tried success fully. In the U.S.S.R. submerged arc welding and electro-slag welding
are the most popular methods.
A sonic system for the determination of 'in situ' dynamic properties and for the outlining of fracture zones
Authors: Larocque J E
Published: July 2017

A sonic system is described which has been developed for probing the rock around mining openings. With this system, transit time measurements of a few hundred microseconds to many milliseconds can be made with an accuracy of 5%. The sonic apparatus is
relatively portable and entirely independent of external power requirements, allowing its use in remote mining locations. A hammer blow is used as a source of signal. For transit time measurements between boreholes, hydraulically wedged transmitting and receiving units have been developed; receiving
units for application on rock faces have also been developed and used. The basic assumption on which sonic transit velocity is related to fracture zone is stated and some of the possible applications of such measurements are outlined. Field measurements to substantiate some of the statements made
are also included
A survey of the titanium alloys, their applications and their processing and manufacturing technology
Authors: Kinsey H V
Published: July 2017

The characteristics, properties, areas of application, and processing and manufacturing techniques of the titanium alloys are all reviewed in this "state of the art" survey, which is based on information available in the open literature that appeared between 1959
and 1965. This information is nearly all related to the aeronautical field. The only major fabrication area not covered in this report is welding. Welding has been dealt with separately in Mines Branch Technical Bulletin TB 71 (April 1965) by Dr. K. Winterton
Operating characteristics of a vibrating mill
Authors: Hartman F H , Wyman R A
Published: July 2017

Variations in the operation of a vibrating mill were examined experimentally, and the various factors were related to the surface area of product as determined by the Lea and Nurse air-permeability apparatus. It was found that the product became finer as feed
rate was decreased, or as amplitude and frequency were Increased. The finest products were obtained when media of fused alumina cylinders, 1/2 by 1/2 inch, were used. These products contained approximately 70 per cent minus 10 microns material. Plus-325-rnesh particles in various amounts were
present in all products.
Material-transporting characteristics of selected vibrating equipment
Authors: Wyman R A
Published: July 2017

In order to provide for the performance of completely integrated pilot-plant operations, and to facilitate bulk-materials-handling in the Industrial Minerals Milling Section of the Mineral Processing Division, a study was made of transporting and feeding machines
that would provide the necessary characteristics of versatility, mobility, accuracy and ease of cleaning. Vibrating equipment came closest to filling all of these requirements, and the Section acquired a conveyor unit, a short elevator and two types of feeder to allow for study of material movement
by this means. Experimental work indicated that the machines selected had a broad range of application to the movement of bulk minerals and rocks; would be appropriate for connecting links between processing units; and were reliable, easy to maintain and easy to clean. Capacities and operating
characteristics are outlined. Within the confines of an experimental processing plant, requiring changes for each investigation undertaken, the mobility of such units make them very useful tools. They present a neat appearance and are readily stored when not in service. Although presenting drawbacks
in some areas of performance, the over-all practicality of these units for the purposes required was clearly demonstrated.
Sea water crevice corrosion tests on uranium-bearing AISI type 430 stainless steels
Authors: Garrison J G , Biefer G J
Published: July 2017

Tests were conducted to determine the effects of uranium additions in the optimum range of about 0.25-0.5% on the resistance to crevice corrosion of AISI Type 430 stainless steel when immersed in sea water. As compared with a similar uranium-free steel, there
was an improved resistance to crevice corrosion for steels containing 0.24% and 0.55% uranium. However, reproducibility of the results was poor; none of the alloys tested performed well, and it was concluded that uranium additions cannot be relied upon to suppress crevice corrosion attack in
Type 430 stainless steel.
A method of estimating the amount of hydrogen required to upgrade residual oils and tars
Authors: Parsons B I
Published: July 2017

The hydrogen required to refine (by hydrogenation) a high-residuum oil is the sum of the hydrogen involved in four separate processes: (a) the hydrogen added to the residuum material to lower the specific gravity and improve hydrocarbon quality, (b) the hydrogen
consumed in the removal of impurities, and the hydrogen removed from the system in the course of processing by the formation of (c) gases and (d) coke. In the following article a method is described for estimating the amount of hydrogen required in each step. The results of general (nominal)
calculations for feed stocks of specific gravity 1.04, 0.98, 0.963 and 0.936 are presented in graphical form. Major factors taken into account in the calculations are the volume yield and specific gravity of the liquid product and the composition of the gases formed. Interpolation of the graphs for
the preparation of estimates of hydrogen requirements for particular feed stocks and products is easy and quick. A typical application of the method to the processing of whole-crude and coker distillates from the Alberta Bituminous Sands Deposits is discussed.
The coal mining industry of Poland
Authors: Wlodek T W
Published: July 2017

This report supplies details, judged to be of interest to the parallel Canadian industries, on the history, resources, management and administration, safety programs, labour status and other facets of the mining industry of Poland, which has been reorganized,
mechanized and expanded, under government ownership, since 1945. With an estimated 16 billion tons of mineable coal available and an annual output of some 127 million tons--a fourfold increase in 20 years--in 1966 Poland ranked fourth in Europe and seventh in the world as a coal supplier. New mining
methods, new mining machinery, comparisons of production and efficiency attained underground, new trends and applications for the future, safety programs, and the special status of the Polish miner are all discussed and illustrated.
Further studies of the leaching of uranium ores from Elliot Lake, Ontario
Authors: McCreedy H H , Gow W A , Kelly F J , Smith H W
Published: July 2017

The uranium mines of Elliot Lake area in Ontario, Canada, were brought into production in the mid-1950's. At that time the extraction plants were designed to utilize an acid leaching process which, although adequate in that about 95 percent extraction of the
uranium was attained, was not thoroughly understood. Because of this the plant operators found it necessary to make trial-and-error adjustments to the operating conditions, one of the more important of these being to increase the temperature of the pulp during leaching. It was found that as the
leaching temperature increased the acid addition needed for acceptable extraction decreased, the combined effect being a reduction in operating costs. A recent laboratory study has served to clarify further this relationship between leaching temperature and acid requirement. At the same time the
effects of other operating variables were also studied more thoroughly than had been done in the past. The results of this investigation, which are reported in this paper, not only supplied new information related to the extraction of uranium from the Elliot Lake ores, but also emphasized the fact
that currently used processes may not be understood sufficiently. Consequently, it may be profitable for operators to study existing processes further before they embark on major process changes.
Stagewise separation of uranium, thorium and the rare earths by liquid-liquid extraction
Authors: Ritcey G M , Lucas B H
Published: July 2017

Rare earths and thorium are found associated with uranium at Elliot Lake, Ontario, one of the major uranium-producing areas of Canada. In addition to the recovery of uranium by ion exchange processing, minor quantities of thorium and rare earths are recovered as
bulk concentrates. The work described shows the development of a stagewise separation of individual rare earths by liquid-liquid extraction from sulphuric acid barren liquors from the uranium recovery circuit. This is accomplished by the use of an alkylphosphoric acid dissolved in a kerosene
diluent. Residual uranium and thorium are co-extracted with an amine, prior to rare-earth processing. The bench-scale results have indicated that extraction coefficients of individual rare earths, and separation factors between rare earths, are affected by the aqueous feed pH, solvent concentration,
and the atomic number of the rare earth. The data presented show the possibility of selective separation of the rare earths singly or in small groups. A proposed flowsheet is given.
The limitations of measuring pH by colour indicator
Authors: Syrett B C , Garrison J G
Published: July 2017

Aqueous solutions containing various amounts of NaCl and FeC12, were prepared and their pH's estimated using pH-indicators in three forms: indicator-impregnated filter paper, indicator-coated silica gel particles, and aqueous solutions of the indicators. It was
found that silica gel was an unsuitable medium for carrying the indicator because of its own acidic nature, and that the proportion of indicator to test solution can influence the accuracy of the pH estimation. It was also found that the success of the indicator-paper method depends on the
concentration of the indicating solution used in the preparation of the paper, and on the concentration of dissolved salts in the test solution,
The measurement of the surface area of minerals with a modified Perkin-Elmer sorptometer
Authors: Lapointe C M
Published: July 2017

The performance of a Model 212-D Perkin-Elmer Sorptorneter has been studied for the measurement of surface areas in the range of specific surface areas between 200 crn 2 / g and 1000 ern. 2 / , g. It was found that, with some modifications to the instrument with
regard to the transfer of the desorbed gas from the sample to the detector, the Sorptometer could be used for the surface area measurement of relatively large samples of mineral particles. This Bulletin describes a simplification of the BET method that can be used for the routine measurement of
surface areas on samples of similar characteristics by the one-point determination.. The method can be extended to a two-point or a three-point determination in order to obtain a conventional BET plot. A standard procedure is outlined for the calibration of the instrument, for the sample
preparation, for the adsorption measurement » and for the calculation of the specific areas.
Preliminary measurements of the environmental cracking behaviour of titanium alloy 721
Authors: Biefer G J , Garrison J G
Published: July 2017

In order to test the functioning of equipment, and to gain some initial experience concerning the environmental cracking susceptibility of Ti-750A1-250Nb-1%Ta (Ti-721) alloy, some tests were carried out on notched, precracked specimens loaded as cantilevers.
In tests performed in 3.5% NaC1 solution, it was confirmed that, subsequent to a sensitizing heat treatment designed to produce T1 3 A1(8 hr at 650°C (1202°F)), alloy Ti-721 is extremely susceptible to environmental cracking. It is somewhat more resistant in the as-rolled condition.
Environmental cracking tests in which specimens were broken under a gradually rising load were found to give very nearly the same results as did time-to-failure tests under a constant load. It appeared, therefore, that the rising-load method was sufficiently accurate for screening tests of alloys
resembling Ti-721, though constant load tests might sometimes be needed for a more precise determination of the critical stress-intensity threshold for cracking, K ISCC
The incineration of polymers - a combustion engineer's viewpoint
Authors: Friedrich F D
Published: July 2017

The incineration of polymers can present difficult combustion problems and can lead to the emission of corrosive or poisonous compounds into the atmosphere. Typical municipal waste presently contains about 1.5% polymers, mostly in the form of plastic
packaging materials. This can be adequately handled by well-designed municipal incinerators, and a typical system is described. Industrial incineration of pure polymers presents more serious problems, and each case should be dealt with separately. The factors which should be considered are outlined,
and the combustion properties of some common polymers are described. Sometimes pilot-scale research may be necessary to develop a suitable incineration system.
The use of a `cytopherometer' in electrophoretic studies of minerals and of mineral-leaching bacteria
Authors: Ahmed S M
Published: July 2017

The application of a 'Cytopherometer' (Carl Zeiss Inc.) to electrokinetic studies of mineral suspensions in aqueous electrolyte solutions has been investigated. The Cytopherometer was modified by incorporating palladium electrodes with electrochemically occluded
hydrogen. Thus modified, the Cytopherometer enables fast and accurate electrokinetic measurem.ents to be made on mineral suspensions in liquids. Precautions to be taken in the use of palladium electrodes are given. It was found from electrokinetic studies that the mineral-leaching bacteria,
thiobacillus-ferrooxidans did not acquire any surface charge in acidic solutions of KNO3' KC1, Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ ,, NH 4 ' Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ . This electrical neutrality of the bacterial surface is probably due to the protective action of the bacterial membrane. However, the bacteria developed a strong
negative charge in alkaline solutions of KNO 3 and KC1 which is attributed to the rupture of protective membrane and the formation of R< NH2 groups on the cceelllluullaarr surface. Any ionic surfactant that may be used to enhance the bacterial leaching of minerals (in acid solutions)
should have a charge that is opposite to the charge on the mineral surface. The amount of surfactant to be used may also be critica1.
Coal washery design I the E. M. R. process
Authors: Visman J
Published: July 2017

The process described here is designed for the beneficiation of coal, especially highly friable coals of the type found in western Canada. The main components of the E. M. R. process comprise the following four unit operations: selective feed preparation;
scalping in bulk using water as a medium; oil-assisted drying of coal slimes; and water recovery. The system operates with a closed water circuit and avoids thermal drying, thus preventing pollution of the air and of water at the source. It provides for the optional treatment of middlings by special
methods, e.g. the liberation of intergrown coal by grinding and separation by heavy-medium methods, tabling, etc. A wide variety of separators can be used, and this provides the flexibility of choice needed for producing optimum results at a maximum profit per ton of pithead coal (run-of-mine). A
closed water system is maintained for all combinations. A general method for determining steady-state conditions is introduced. This procedure is essential for the advance calculation of slimes recirculation and its control, especially if the process must turn out metallurgical grades from highly
variable raw coal,
The determination of titanium in lead zirconate-lead titanate electronic ceramics. A comparison of titrimetric methods with polarographic and differential spectrophotometric methods
Authors: Hitchen A
Published: July 2017

Three procedures for the determination of titanium in lead zirconate-lead titanate powders and process solutions which are simple, rapid, precise and accurate, are described. Two of the methods are based on reduction of the titanium with a) liquid zinc or lead
amalgams or b) metallic aluminum, followed by titration of the reduced titanium with a standard ferric sulphate solution using sodium thiocyanate as the indicator. The third method is a polarographic procedure using an acetate + EDTA electrolyte. Relatively few elements interfere and procedures are
suggested to overcome some of those that do. The accuracy and precision of the methods compare favourably with the much longer differential spectrophotometric method.
Measurement of the surface areas of mineral powders with a modified Perkin-Elmer, model 2i2-d, sorptometer using a nitrogen-helium gas mixture
Authors: Bartels K
Published: July 2017

This work compares the surface-area measurements made on four powdered materials (alumina, quartz, and two sodium carbonate powders) using the Sorptometer, employing nitrogen gas as adsorbate, with those made using the precise volumetric method (B. E. T. ),
employing krypton gas as adsorbate. It was found that the Sorptometer may be used successfully for rapidly comparing the surface areas of a large number of samples of a given material. However, if absolute accuracy is required, the Sorptometer must first be calibrated for each powdered material by
the B. E. T. method. The use of the Sorptometer with a pre-mixed adsorption gas (35% N 2 /65% He, by volume) is described. The one-point method of evaluating the B. E. T. equation and the specific surface-area calculation for one of the carbonate samples are outlined. A computer program,
written in FORTRAN IV language, which calculates the specific surface areas from Sorptometer data, is provided.