bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of open angle glaucoma
Authors: Galvez-Olortegui Jose , Bernales-Urbina Susan , Jarroudi Rachid Bouchikh-El , Mollo-Bautista Rosmery , Silva-Ocas Isabel , Burgueño-Montañes Carmen , Galvez-Olortegui Tomas
Published: August 2024

Précis:
Clinical Practice Guidelines(CPGs) for Open Angle Glaucoma(OAG) have evolved through the years and differ in their methodological quality. NICE, IETSI and SNSG have a high methodological quality, appraised with AGREE-II.
Topic:
To assess the methodological quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of open angle glaucoma (OAG).
Clinical relevance:
An assessment of the methodological quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of open angle glaucoma (OAG) is reported.
Methods:
A systematic review of CPGs for the diagnosis and management of OAG, published between January-2017 and November-2023, was carried out with a search in databases, metasearch engines, CPG development institutions, ophthalmology associations and CPG repositories. A search update was run in January 2024. Protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO: CRD42024510656. Nine CPGs published in English/Spanish, between 2017 and 2024 were selected, and 5 authors evaluated them independently, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE-II) instrument. An individual assessment by domain (AGREE-II), an overall assessment of the guide, and its use with or without modifications was performed. Additionally, a meta-synthesis of the recommendations for the most relevant outcomes of each CPG was performed.
Results:
The lowest scores were in applicability and rigour of development (mean 47.9% and 48% respectively). The highest score (mean 72.1%) was for domain 4 ‘clarity of presentation’. NICE (92.1%), IETSI (77.5%) and SNSG (75.8%) presented the best score in domain 3 ‘Rigour of development’. When evaluating the overall quality of the CPGs analysed, only NICE, EGS-5-TGG, SNS and MaHTAS could be recommended with modifications. All the CPGs used GRADE approach for making recommendations. In the meta-synthesis, recommendations are similar between CPG, however variability was found in selective laser trabeculoplasty and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery indications (MIGS).
Conclusions:
NICE, IETSI and SNSG CPGs for the diagnosis and management of OAG, have a high methodological quality, appraised with AGREE-II. NICE, EGS-5-TGG, IETSI and SNSG have high scores in applicability.
Zinc-Oxide Eugenol Paste, Antimicrobial Gel, and Ayurvedic Medicament in the Management of Alveolar Osteitis: A Prospective and Comparative Study
Authors: Iftikhar Ifra , Shrivastava Priyanshu Kumar , Sybil Deborah
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the three treatment strategies of zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), metronidazole gel, and Aloe vera gel in the management of dry socket with respect to pain relief and mucosal healing. Methods: This was a comparative study in which 90 patients were recruited and randomly divided into three groups of 30. ZOE dressings were applied in Group A, Metronidazole gel in Group B, and Aloe vera gel was applied in Group C patients on the day of reporting. Patients were followed up for seven consecutive days. Day-wise pain and mucosal healing were assessed in each patient using the visual analog scale and mucosal healing index, respectively. Results: The mean age for the 90 patients recruited in the study was 44.02 (9.9). Male: Female ratio was 37:53. Higher values of pain were reported in Group A from day 1 to 6 (P < 0.01). However, the difference was not significant among the three groups (P > 0.05) on the 7th day. Significant differences were seen among groups (P < 0.01) for mucosal healing on days 2–6 with higher mean values in Group A. On day 1 and day 7, a non-significant difference was seen for the values across all three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Metronidazole and Aloe vera gels were found effective in early pain relief while producing a similar amount of mucosal healing. These gels offer the potential to be used as alternative home remedies, thus reducing the number of dental appointments required in the case of ZOE dressings. However, further randomized and clinical studies are required to evaluate the three strategies for their potential adverse effects.
A Case of Full Mouth Rehabilitation of a 5-year-old Child with Severe Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Pathak Pradnya D , Lakade Laxmi S , Patil Krishna V , Shah Rohan V , Shah Preetam P , Jajoo Shweta S
Published: August 2024

An important health problem worldwide that adversely impacts infants and children’s oral health is early childhood caries. Early loss of primary teeth due to trauma or caries can result in decreased masticatory function, reduced esthetics, incorrect pronunciation of sounds, and the development of aberrant oral habits. Every child has a fundamental right to live happily and healthily; therefore, it should be addressed and managed to prevent further complications. This case report gives insight into the dental rehabilitation of the patient with mutilated primary dentition.
A Study on Health-care Utilization and Health-care Seeking Behavior of People Approaching Two Institutions (Ayurveda and Allopathic PHCs) in Vengara Panchayat of Malappuram District, Kerala
Authors: Parangodath Asif Asfan , Katta Ajitha
Published: August 2024

Background: To make health for all a reality, we need individuals and communities with access to high-quality health services to take care of their health and of their families. There is a need to undertake a more systematic analysis to examine AYUSH and Allopathic care utilization across regional, socioeconomic, and demographic groups. In a country like India, which is home to many traditional medicine systems, it is also essential to understand how Ayush coexists with allopathic system. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional study design using a self-made questionnaire to find healthcare utilization and healthcare-seeking behaviour. Results: Factors determining health-care utilization such as prior experience in care (AOR 3.47; 95% CI 0.52–23.37), affordability (AOR 11.48; 95% CI 2.31–57.08), availability of essential medicines and their quality (AOR 35.28; 95% CI 5.32–234.20), and acceptability of treatment (AOR 4.51; 95% CI 0.91–22.41) were shown to be a positive predictor for choosing Allopathic PHC. At the same time, healthcare services such as screening and basic management of mental health ailments (AOR 0.20; 95% CI 0.02–2.26) and care in pregnancy and childbirth (AOR 0.54; 95% CI 0.12–2.32) were shown to be negative predictors for allopathic. Conclusion: The study findings highlighted the need for systematic information on the usage of healthcare services and people’s healthcare-seeking behaviours. It would help policymakers and stakeholders set up specific strategies to ensure the effective utilization and distribution of existing resources and enforce the country’s sufficient delivery of healthcare services.
Nutrient Diversity and its Association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Urban Indian Population
Authors: Bhankharia Hitha Parshva , Ibrahim Geeta , Rastogi Shweta
Published: August 2024

Background: Nutrient diversity is one of the key factors of a balanced diet because of its correlation with macronutrients and micronutrients. Aims and Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess daily dietary intake and get urban Indian data based on the regional dietary intake of the subjects. Materials and Methods: Nutrient diversity was inferred using a food frequency questionnaire and 24-h dietary recall along with other variables such as demographic data, income, education, lifestyle, number of meals per day, and addictions. Average, mean, and standard deviation were calculated for all of these. Results: Results showed a positive correlation between nutrient diversity and its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The average dietary intake of the study showed that the subjects consumed a diet high in carbohydrates and fat while the protein and micronutrient intake was on the lower side. A large variation was observed in the average nutrient intake from different food groups. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the nutrient diversity amongst the subjects is an indicator to risk of diabetes and pre–diabetes.
Is There a Link between the 2021 COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Europe and 2022 Excess All-Cause Mortality?
Authors: Aarstad Jarle , Kvitastein Olav Andreas
Published: August 2024

Purpose: We primarily study a possible link between 2021 COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Europe and monthly 2022 excess all-cause mortality, that is, mortality higher than before the pandemic. Methods and Results: Analyses of 31 countries weighted by population size show that all-cause mortality during the first 9 months of 2022 increased more the higher the 2021 vaccination uptake; a one percentage point increase in 2021 vaccination uptake was associated with a monthly mortality increase in 2022 by 0.105% (95% CI, 0.075–0.134). When controlling for alternative explanations, the association remained robust, and we discuss the result emphasizing causality as well as potential ecological fallacy. Furthermore, the study shows that 2021 all-cause mortality was lower the higher the vaccination uptake, but this association became non-significant when controlling for alternative explanations. Conclusion: Despite a possible preventive effect in 2021, we cannot rule out that COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Europe has led to increasing 2022 all-cause mortality between January and September.
Smart Hall’s Technique - An Innovative and Minimally Invasive Novel Option for Managing Carious Primary Molars-A Case Report
Authors: MN Paranjape , PP Shah
Published: August 2024

Smart Hall’s technique can be one of the options to arrest the progression of dental caries which involves the application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to carious molars and restoring them with Glass ionomer cement followed by placement of stainless steel crown. This case report describes the management of multiple carious primary molars using Smart Hall’s technique in a 5-year-old patient who presented with a high dental anxiety. The treatment plan for this particular patient was divided into two phases (a) Preventive and (b) Restorative. SDF was applied to all carious molars and the teeth were restored using Glass ionomer cement followed by Stainless Steel crowns. The bite was initially raised after crown placement which settled gradually after a few weeks follow-up. This innovative approach of restoring primary molars using Smart Hall’s technique negates the need for invasive treatment under local anaesthesia or general anaesthesia.
The Effectiveness of Gamebook Teaching-Learning Approach in Undergraduate MBBS Course in Comparison with the Conventional Teaching-Learning Approach
Authors:   School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Selangor, Malaysia, Khine Pwint Phyu , Thein Win Min ,   School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Selangor, Malaysia, Lim Su Yin ,   School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Selangor, Malaysia, Ponnupillai Anitha ,   School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Selangor, Malaysia, Lim Yin Sear ,   School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Selangor, Malaysia, Sirisinghe Roland Gamini ,   School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Selangor, Malaysia, Kumwenda Ben ,   School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
Published: August 2024

Among various methods of learning and teaching, educational games are tools that engage students for both educational purposes and entertainment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of game-based learning (GBL) for undergraduate obstetrics and gynecology students in the form of a gamebook. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to compare the outcomes of two different teaching methods, conventional case-based learning (CBL) and GBL, on undergraduate medical students from Taylor’s University, Malaysia. A statistical analysis was performed to compare the performance between the control and intervention groups. Single-best-answer multiple-choice questions (MCQs) were used to assess students’ knowledge and understanding of the clinical subject content, and a 5-point Likert scale was used to assess students’ perception of the new teaching method. Chi-squared tests were used to compare the mean academic performance of the two groups of 128 participants. There was no significant difference in the post-intervention MCQ scores. Students in the GBL group found that learning is more enjoyable and felt more confident in managing patients both theoretically and in real world situations. In conclusion, GBL is comparable to conventional CBL in achieving the desired knowledge and understanding of the topics with a more positive perception towards GBL.
Effects of the interaction between Linnean and Darwinian shortfalls on diversification gradients
Authors: Tavares Guilherme Rogie Gonçalves , Frateles Lívia Estéfane Fernandes , Diniz-Filho José Alexandre F.
Published: August 2024

It is now widely recognized that broad-scale patterns in species richness, particularly the Latitudinal Diversity Gradients (LDGs), are driven by complex interactions among ecological, evolutionary, and historical processes. However, even if it is now possible to better evaluate evolutionary explanations for LDGs based on speciation and diversification rates estimated from phylogenies, a subtle interaction between such estimates and the geographic structure of the Linnean shortfall, forming the Latitudinal Taxonomy Gradient (LTG), was recently recognized. Here, we expand on previous simulation results and show that a relatively small geographical bias in the Linnean shortfall, adding less than 20% of new species phylogenetically correlated with previously described ones in the southern (richer) region, would be enough to change the patterns in diversification rates, based on different methods (tip rates DR and GeoSSE). Further investigations of the magnitude of LTG and new empirical modeling of problems in species delimitation are thus necessary to evaluate the robustness of the estimates of the diversification gradients to biased knowledge and taxonomic uncertainty, allowing a better understanding of the evolutionary dynamics underlying LDGs.

Geographical patterns in the Linnean shortfall, creating Latitudinal Taxonomy Gradients (LTGs), may jeopardize robust estimates of diversification gradients and our understanding of processes underlying diversity patterns.

Simulations show that a relatively small geographic bias in the Linnean shortfall, adding new undiscovered species phylogenetically close to the known ones, is sufficient to invert patterns in diversification rates estimated by two distinct methods.

A more comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of diversification gradients in respect to the LTGs is necessary to evaluate the robustness of our understanding of LDGs.

Empirical modeling of species delimitation quality and simulations adding small branches in the phylogenies, mitigating simultaneously both Linnean and Darwinian shortfalls, may provide more consistent evidence for drivers of LDGs accounting for taxonomic uncertainty.
Peak beta diversity occurs at regional spatial grains
Authors: Ohyama Leo , Bogota-Gregory Juan D. , Jenkins David G.
Published: August 2024

Beta diversity (β) quantifies the dissimilarity between communities and is thus fundamental to biogeography and spatial ecology. However, multiple and conflicting hypotheses exist to explain how β varies with spatial scale (here grain within a constant extent). Some resolution on spatial scaling of β may help clarify long-standing debate about: (a) β itself and (b) the ecological community concept, because the clearest spatial size of an ecological community corresponds to the scale with maximal β. Here we test five alternative hypotheses for β spatial scaling by calculating β for four very different taxa (ants, birds, diatoms, and trees) at spatial grains ranging from one to one million km2 in a constant spatial extent (contiguous USA). We also test repeatability for: (a) summer and winter bird β in six consecutive years; (b) trees through time (4 years, spaced 5 years apart). Specifically, we organize point data into hexagonal polygons, and then calculate mean pairwise β between each hexagon and its neighbors. We also calculate the deviation of β from two null models (assuming either spatial heterogeneity or homogeneity). For multiple reasons, β deviation based on spatial heterogeneity was preferable to that based on spatial homogeneity. For all taxa, β peaks at regional scales: trees ~300 km2; winter birds ~500 km2; summer birds ~2000 km2; ants ~2000 km2; diatoms ~11,000 km2. Also, spatial scaling is consistent inter-annually (birds, trees) and sensitive to seasonality (birds). Results broadly support the regional community concept and, based on the variety of taxa evaluated here, similar patterns are likely across the tree of life. Local ecological and evolutionary forces scale up to form regional community patterns and results here support efforts to coordinate local conservation efforts in regions (e.g., corridors and networks) to best conserve biodiversity.

Beta diversity peaked at substantial spatial scales for all taxa evaluated here (ants, birds, diatoms, trees), suggesting a general pattern.

The regional community concept advanced by Robert Ricklefs is supported empirically, in preference to four other hypotheses also tested.

Beta diversity calculations used a relatively new deviation from a spatially heterogeneous null, which modestly adjusted observed beta diversity.

Results support use of this newer beta deviation rather than the older beta deviation based on spatial homogeneity.

Given that ecological communities appear regional in scale, local biodiversity conservation work can best ensure success if it is regionally coordinated.
Molluscicidal activity of Nigella sativa seed, Azadirachta indica leaf and Khaya senegalensis bark ethanolic extracts against Bulinus truncatus snails
Authors: Nugdalla Rawan , Alrasheid Ayat , Kabbashi Ahmed Saeed , Zengin Gokhan , Mohammed Hussein Ayoub Saad
Published: August 2024

In order to control schistosomiasis, a strategy involves eliminating the intermediate host responsible for its transmission. Plant-derived molluscicides have been extensively researched as a cost-effective approach to combat this disease, seeking alternative solutions to synthetic molluscicides. The study aimed to analyze the phytoconstituents and assess the molluscicidal impact of ethanolic extracts on adult Bulinus truncatus snails. Dried plant materials were ground into powder, and then extracted using ethanol 96%. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures. In vitro molluscicidal activity was evaluated for the three plants extracts in different concentrations (125, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm). Every 5 adult snails were placed in a plastic cup containing a specific amount of dechlorinated water with plant sample. Control negative was prepared by placing the snails in dechlorinated water only, the numbers of survived and dead snails were recorded after 24 and 48 hours. The Lethal dose and Standard deviation were calculated. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of different chemical constituents in the three plants samples. The result showed that all the plants extracts possessed molluscicidal activity against B. truncatus snails. The A. indica leaf extract was the most effective with LD50 of 74.32544 ppm. From the findings of this study, Molluscicide of plant origin could be useful against the common snail species in Sudan; therefore, the selected plants can play a big role in community based schistosomiasis control.
Assessment of the differences of hematological variables and their correlation with glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Iraq: Comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Osamah
Published: August 2024

This research aimed to assess the hematological traits of male adults diagnosed with diabetes and investigate the relationship between blood sugar levels with hematological factors among patients. A cross-sectional comparison study was conducted at Fallujah Teaching Hospital from April 1 to July 30, 2023. The research comprised 185 volunteers, including 125 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (65 with well blood sugar levels and 60 with poorly-regulated blood sugar levels) and 60 healthy individuals serving as controls. The evaluation of hematological parameters was conducted using Swelab-Alfa. An independent T-test was used for assessment. The patients exhibited substantially decreased mean absolute lymphocyte count, Hct, MCHC, and PLT values compared to the control group. The diabetic group had significantly higher mean values for total neutrophil count, absolute basophil counts, RDWSD, RDWCV, PDW, PLCR, and MPV than the control group. Patients with poor glycemic control had substantially elevated levels of Mon, Eos, Bas, MCHC, PLT, MPV, PLCR, and PCT. In contrast, individuals with poor glycemic control had substantially lower levels of Neu, RBC count, and PDW. The findings demonstrated a statistically significant positive connection between neutrophil count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PDW, MPV, PLCR, and PCT with FBG. Lym, RBC count, and Hct exhibited a statistically significant inverse connection with FBG in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This research demonstrated a notable impact of diabetes mellitus, poor glycemic control, and fasting blood glucose levels on some hematological markers.
Secondary metabolites of Santolina africana: chemical profiles and assessment of biological activities
Authors: Khammassi Marwa , Khedhri Sana , Slama Awatef , Boudkhılı Meriam , Amrı Ismail , Hamrounı Lamia , Jammoussı Bassem
Published: August 2024

Chemicals and antibiotics are serious problems that cause the resistance of bacteria and the persistence of chemical residues in food. These chemical products affect human health and promote diseases. Therefore, the use of natural resources, especially plants, appears as an alternative to avoid the harmful impacts of such products. Plant active substances such as essential oils, alkaloids and phenols are of great interest to scientists and have been studied for their biological activities. Essential oils (Eos) from the stems of Santolina africana were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by Gaz Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of crude extracts and Eos was evaluated by the DPPH assay and the antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method and the broth microdilution method against Gram-positive strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). S.africana Eos from Morocco and Tunisia were found to be rich in artemisia ketone (35.4% and 44.3%, respectively), santolina alcohol (16.2%and 3.2%, respectively) and isoborneol (6.1% and 26.6%, respectively). Methanol extracts were rich in phenolic and flavonoids contents and showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. Results exhibited the sensitivity of the strains to essential oils from S. africana especially against Gram-positive bacteria. This current research will provide new information about this plant that can be used as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial for industrial purposes.
Antibacterial and antioxidant properties and phytochemical screening of Laurus nobilis L. extract from Ethiopia
Authors: Beyene Rebecca , Biru Teshome , Dekebo Aman
Published: August 2024

Microbial resistance to antibiotics and the shortage of efficient antimicrobial agent has necessitated the search for a better antimicrobial agent from various sources. Plants secondary metabolites are the major sources for discovery of new bioactive chemical compounds. The objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Laurus nobilis leaf extract and its essential oil against human pathogenic microorganisms and to analyse its chemical composition. The leaf of L. nobilis (500 g) was air-dried, powdered and extracted using four different solvents. The crude extract and the essential oil were tested against four Gram-negative and two Gram-positive bacterial strains. The radical scavenging activity of the crud extract was examined using DPPH assay. Bacterial inhibition activity of the crude extract increased with increased concentration from 25 mg/mL to 200 mg/mL. The maximum inhibition zone was recorded against Enterococcus faecalis 13.33±1.52 mm, Escherichia coli 14.33±1.53 mm and Salmonella typhimurium 16.00±1.00 mm, respectively. MeOH extract (1000 µg/mL) showed superior radical scavenging property (0.02) than ascorbic acid (0.05). The analysis of the oil using GC-MS indicated the presence of 48 chemical substances accounting for 91.4 % of the total compositions. The finding of this study showed that bay leaf has considerable antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Further evaluation of this plant is recommended with particular focus on the mechanisms of action of the antimicrobial substance.
Antimicrobial and antibiofilm studies on three endemic species of Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) in Türkiye
Authors: Soyer Pervin , Küçük Sevim , Tunalı Yağmur
Published: August 2024

The consumption of traditional medicinal herbs has gained popularity as a viable alternative approach for addressing microbial infections or infectious structures. In this study, Verbascum detersile, Verbascum eskisehirensis, and Verbascum gypsicola endemic species belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, spreading in Eskişehir and its surroundings, were collected from natural habitats and evaluated in terms of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. In biological activity studies, different concentrations of three plant extracts showed various antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities on selected standard microorganism cultures (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, and Candida krusei ATCC 6258). It was observed that the selected three endemic Verbascum extracts had a minimum inhibitory and minimum biofilm eradication concentration value of 1250 μg/mL.
The preliminary study on the antifungal effect of Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) peel extract against Malassezia furfur
Authors: Sri Rahayu Mulyati , Mellaratna Wizar Putri , Najah Nailah
Published: August 2024

Pityriasis versicolor is one of the most common fungal infections on the skin caused by Malassezia furfur. Kaffir lime fruit (Citrus hystrix DC), especially its peels’ contents in secondary metabolite, may play a healing role against such infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the antifungal potential of Kaffir lime peel extract against Malassezia furfur. Ethanol extracts of the peels of Kaffir lime were tested for its antifungal properties against Malassezia furfur at different tested concentrations, namely 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Every treatment was performed with 4 replications. Inhibition zone formed surrounding the paper disc measured after 24 hours of incubation using the caliper method. Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney Post hoc test. The study revealed that the kaffir lime fruit extract gave a significant effect on the inhibition zone (p< 0.05). The results showed that the higher inhibition zone was found at control group and it was different significantly from other treatments. However, among the tested concentrations, the best treatment was detected at a concentration of 100%, which was significantly different from other concentrations. Kaffir lime peel has an antifungal effect against Malassezia furfur and the best tested concentration was 100%.
Numerical signatures of ultra-local criticality in a one dimensional Kondo lattice model
Authors: Nikolaenko Alexander , Zhang Ya-Hui
Published: August 2024

Heavy fermion criticality has been a long-standing problem in condensed matter physics. Here we study a one-dimensional Kondo lattice model through numerical simulation and observe signatures of local criticality. We vary the Kondo coupling J_KJK at fixed doping x. At large positive J_KJK, we confirm the expected conventional Luttinger liquid phase with 2k_F=\frac{1+x}{2}2kF=1+x2 (in units of 2\pi2π), an analogue of the heavy Fermi liquid (HFL) in the higher dimension. In the J_K ≤ 0JK≤0 side, our simulation finds the existence of a fractional Luttinger liquid (LL\star⋆) phase with 2k_F=\frac{x}{2}2kF=x2, accompanied by a gapless spin mode originating from localized spin moments, which serves as an analogue of the fractional Fermi liquid (FL\star⋆) phase in higher dimensions. The LL\star⋆ phase becomes unstable and transitions to a spin-gapped Luther-Emery (LE) liquid phase at small positive J_KJK. Then we mainly focus on the “critical regime” between the LE phase and the LL phase. Approaching the critical point from the spin-gapped LE phase, we often find that the spin gap vanishes continuously, while the spin-spin correlation length in real space stays finite and small. For a certain range of doping, in a point (or narrow region) of J_KJK, the dynamical spin structure factor obtained through the time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) simulation shows dispersion-less spin fluctuations in a finite range of momentum space above a small energy scale (around 0.035 J0.035J) that is limited by the TEBD accuracy. All of these results are unexpected for a regular gapless phase (or critical point) described by conformal field theory (CFT). Instead, they are more consistent with exotic ultra-local criticality with an infinite dynamical exponent z=+z=+. The numerical discovery here may have important implications on our general theoretical understanding of the strange metals in heavy fermion systems. Lastly, we propose to simulate the model in a bilayer optical lattice with a potential difference.
Response surface modelling and optimization for copper removal from acid mine drainage using oxidized Himalayan pine needle biochar
Authors: Mohan Chander , Bashir Misbah , Annachhatre Ajit , Dikshit Anil Kumar
Published: August 2024

This study aims to investigate and compare the adsorption behaviour of pine needle biochar (PNB) and H2O2-oxidized PNB (OPNB) in eliminating Cu(II) from acid mine drainage. The PNB and OPNB adsorbents undergo comprehensive characterization through various techniques (BET, FTIR, SEM, and pHPZC). A central composite design was employed for designing experiments and optimizing the impact of process factors (metal concentration, adsorbent doses, contact time, and pH) on adsorption capacity. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetics models as well as Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to analyze the experimental data. Langmuir isotherm best fit (R2 > 0.99) the experimental data and adsorption capacities of 29.49 and 102.04 mg/g, were determined for PNB and OPNB, respectively. Under optimized experimental conditions, desorption studies revealed the reusability of OPNB about 80% even after four cycles. Fixed-bed column experiments were conducted at ambient temperature with an initial Cu(II) concentration of 125 mg/L and 5.0 g of adsorbent, utilizing a flow rate of 1 mL/min for both PNB and OPNB. These results indicate that oxidized biochar, synthesized for Cu(II) remediation, not only addresses Himalayan pine needle concerns sustainably but also exhibits potential applicability for removing other metal ions from aqueous environments.
Modeling climate change projection and its impact on the streamflow in the Yadot watershed, Genale Dawa basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Abdule Abay Mustefa , Muluneh Alemayehu , Woldemichael Abraham
Published: August 2024

Varied streamflow response to climate between river basins and seasons highlight the importance of further research on different basins and watersheds in different seasons to help plan adaptation options at watershed scale. This study investigated the hydrological impacts of climate change over the Yadot watershed. The multi model ensemble of three regional climate models (CCLM4.8, RACMO22T, and RCA4) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios for 2021 -2050 and 2051–2080 were used. The SWAT model was used to simulate the streamflow. Climate model projections have indicated that precipitation will slightly increase during both the wet and dry seasons from 0.59%–2.08% and 0.02%–1.59%, respectively. The annual projected precipitation will increase by 0.13%–1.66%. The change in the projected maximum and minimum temperatures in both dry and wet seasons increased by a range of 0.61°C–1.9°C and 0.65°C–2.07°C, respectively. Similarly, the change in the projected minimum temperatures in both dry and wet seasons increased by a range of 1.07°C–2.01°C and 0.06°C–1.66°C, respectively. The wet and dry season streamflow increased by 6.23%–9.36% and 3.16%–5.46%, respectively. The findings of this study can help to guide water resources planners and designers in planning and managing water resources effectively for future use.
Sequential explanatory technological pedagogical and content knowledge of madrasah teachers in Jambi
Authors: Sanjaya Budi , Syefrinando Boby , Hidayat Wahyu
Published: August 2024

This study aims to describe the structural model of Sequential Explanatory Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) of Madrasah Teachers in Jambi Province.This research involved 132 teachers for surveys and 5 teachers for interviews. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Anova, and SEM-PLS were used in quantitative data analysis, while qualitative data was carried out using descriptive thematics. The findings show that Madrasah teachers' TPACK is at a good category level. There are no differences in teachers' TPACK levels based on gender, certification status, madrasa level, age, teaching experience, and field of study. Technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) has a stronger influence on technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) compared to technological content knowledge (TCK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Teachers need support from schools and communities to increase TPACK knowledge in addition to from self-awareness to developing competence as well as several other information that have been discussed in the discussion of this research. Teachers should increase their TPACK knowledge so that they can confidently implement technology in their learning.
Benchmarking Large Language Models for Cervical Spondylosis (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Boyan , Du Yueqi , Duan Wanru , Chen Zan
Published: August 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Cervical spondylosis is the most common degenerative spinal disorder in modern societies. Patients require a great deal of medical knowledge, and large language models (LLMs) offer patients a novel and convenient tool for accessing medical advice. In this study, we collected the most frequently asked questions by patients with cervical spondylosis in clinical work and internet consultations. The accuracy of the answers provided by LLMs was evaluated and graded by 3 experienced spinal surgeons. Comparative analysis of responses showed that all LLMs could provide satisfactory results, and that among them, GPT-4 had the highest accuracy rate. Variation across each section in all LLMs revealed their ability boundaries and the development direction of artificial intelligence.
Comparison of Active and Passive Vector Surveillance Systems in Lyme Endemic Minnesota and their Correlation to Human Disease (Preprint)
Authors: Angell Kathleen , Jarnefeld Janet , Schiffman Elizabeth K , Broadhurst M Jana , Dong James , Degarege Abraham , Cortinas Roberto , Brett-Major David M
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Vector surveillance is often used to predict tickborne diseases in endemic regions. Active and passive vector surveillance systems offer differing benefits and limitations, understanding how the outputs of these systems differ and how they correlate to human disease is essential to public health decision making. Active and passive vector surveillance systems in place in Minnesota between 2018 and 2023 present an opportunity for comparison between these surveillance methods.

OBJECTIVE

To (i) analyze, compare, and contrast the results of active and passive vector surveillance programs; and (ii) explore how well these sources predict human risk of Lyme disease.

METHODS

Descriptive statistics were performed to evaluate characteristics of each surveillance method with chi square tests or repeated-ANOVA to assess differences in seasonality, life stage, and genus of ticks between different datasets. Correlation to human cases of Lyme disease was analyzed using negative binomial regression models.

RESULTS

There are differences between the data sources in tick life stage and genus proportions as well as seasonality of tick rates. Active surveillance conducted by the Metropolitan Mosquito Control District (MMCD) using small mammal trapping had a majority of larval I. scapularis ticks. In contrast, passive surveillance by iNaturalist had a majority of adult D. variabilis ticks. Observations in both data sources were skewed to the early third of the tick season, although this was more exaggerated in iNaturalist data. Observations of ticks from both data sources positively correlated with human cases of Lyme disease.

CONCLUSIONS

Observed differences in tick characteristics between the two data sources may represent real differences between tick populations and human encounters with them. Some differences may be explained by observation, reporting, and sampling biases. Increased observations of ticks at the beginning of the season indicates potential utility of enhanced human Lyme disease surveillance at that time and may apply to other tick-borne disease risk management. These One Health findings signal an opportunity for early identification of high tickborne disease years through integrated active and passive tick surveillance that informs the conduct of human disease surveillance.
Hepatitis B virus exposure, vaccination status and susceptibility in Healthcare Workers from Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Virachith Siriphone , Phakhounthong Khanxayaphone , Khounvisith Vilaysone , Mayxay Mayfong , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Sayasone Somphou , Hübschen Judith M. , Black Antony P.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Despite high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), Lao healthcare workers (HCWs) were previously been shown to have low levels of protection against infection. Furthermore, the prevalence of hepatitis D virus (HDV; which increases disease severity in HBV infected individuals) is not known in Lao PDR.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the exposure, vaccination status and seroprotection against HBV as well as exposure to HDV in Lao healthcare workers from five provinces

METHODS

In 2020, 666 HCWs aged 20-65 years old from five provinces of the Lao PDR were recruited and sera were tested by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine their HBV and HDV co-infection status.

RESULTS

HBV exposure, as indicated by the presence of anti-HB core (anti-HBc) antibodies, was 40% overall and significantly higher for HCWs from Oudomxay province (67.7%, P=.001). The seroprevalence of HBsAg was 5.4% overall and increased with age from 3.6% in those aged ≤ 30 years to 6.8% in those aged ≥ 50 years. Only 28.7% of participants had serological indication of immunization. We could find no evidence for HDV exposure in the current study.

CONCLUSIONS

We recommend strengthening the national vaccination program for HCWs and implementing pre-employment testing.
Empowerment of Posyandu Lansia cadres in overcoming depression and violence among elderly women after the Covid-19 pandemic in Dukuh Panggungan
Authors: Yudani Alfi Fatima , Pratiti Budi , DW Sumarni , Probosuseno Probosuseno , Purwanta Purwanta
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health and safety of the elderly, particularly affecting elderly women. Research indicates a rise in anxiety and depression among older adults, with pre-existing elevated depressive symptoms exacerbating their resilience during this period. Increased isolation, financial strain, and restricted access to support services have led to a surge in elder abuse cases, disproportionately affecting women. Effective strategies, such as raising awareness and ensuring timely provision of resources, are crucial to safeguarding the mental well-being of the elderly. Indonesia's commitment to sustainable development and health equity, exemplified through initiatives like the Sustainable Development Goals, must address the specific challenges faced by elderly women in communities like Panggungan Village. The demographic shift towards an aging population, coupled with the pandemic's effects, further magnifies vulnerabilities. Empowering community-based resources can provide holistic support to elderly women, contributing to sustainable health development and social equity. Methods: The approach targets 15 Posyandu Lansia cadres and 20 elderly women in Panggungan Village through an offline community service program adhering to health protocols. Tools used in this study were the Mental Health Improvement Module, Geriatric Depression Scale questionnaire, and knowledge/skills assessment for Posyandu Lansia cadres. A combined quantitative and qualitative analysis was applied. Results: Results showed that 55% prevalence of verbal violence, 45% neglect, and 35% exploitation violence among elderly women. Post-training, these figures improved to 25% for verbal violence, 10% for exploitation violence, and 15% for neglect violence. Depression tendencies witnessed a 25% shift. Cadres’ knowledge increased from 58.2 to 82.1, and skills improved from 63.5 to 79.2. Conclusion: Elevated violence and depression tendencies that were quite high, negatively impact elderly women's mental health in Panggungan Village. Cadre’s training significantly enhances residents' well-being and mental health, offering a meaningful solution.
The Development of Virtual Media People and the Impact on Journalism and Communications
Authors: Gu Jiali
Published: August 2024

Virtual media personalities, as products of the convergence of technology and media, have begun to make a significant impact in the field of journalism and communication. Their development stems from the evolution of the concept of virtual characters, accompanied by breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and virtual reality technologies. Virtual media personalities not only enhance the efficiency of content production and transform audience interaction experiences but also play crucial roles in various applications such as news reporting, entertainment advertising, and educational training. However, the rise of virtual media personalities has brought about profound changes in industry structures and professional models, raising ethical and legal concerns regarding authenticity, credibility, and data privacy. In the future, with continuous technological advancements, virtual media personalities will persist in exerting a profound influence on the journalism industry, sparking broader social and cultural transformations.
Advances in Research on the Impact of Diet on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolites
Authors: Zhu Tianhao
Published: August 2024

As research into gut microbiota deepens, the impact of diet on the composition of human gut microbiota and their metabolites has gradually become a focal point. This paper reviews recent advancements in understanding how diet influences gut microbiota composition and their metabolic products. Firstly, it introduces the basic concepts of gut microbiota and their role in maintaining health. Next, it explores the effects of different types of diets (such as high-fiber, high-fat, high-protein, and refined sugar diets) on the composition of gut microbiota and analyzes their impact on microbiota diversity. Then, it discusses the influence of diet on gut microbiota metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, amino acid metabolites, and gases. Further, it examines the practical applications of dietary interventions on health, especially their potential impact on chronic diseases. Finally, the paper summarizes the limitations of current research and suggests future research directions and challenges. Overall, the influence of diet on gut microbiota and their metabolites holds profound health significance and provides important evidence for formulating scientific dietary recommendations.
Feminist Study of Indu Sundaresan’s “The Twentieth Wife”
Authors: Anuradha Dr.
Published: August 2024

India has a large history with many shades of it. The colonizers and the colonized both have a special place in its history that can’t be erased . One such colonizers were the Mughals. The era of Mughal India started in 1526 and ended in 1707 with Aurangzeb’s death (the last Mughal ruler). This paper traces down one such period of Mughal India but it doesn’t focus on the politics of the time but focuses on of the characters of Mughal India and that too a female character. It studies the feminine approach of the novel with critical evaluation of various women characters and their journey.
¿Sur tóxico? Un estado del arte de los estudios sociales sobre plaguicidas en Yucatán
Authors: Llanes Salazar Rodrigo
Published: August 2024

En este artículo se hace una revisión de los estudios sociales sobre plaguicidas en Yucatán. A partir de la revisión de la literatura sobre el tema, se identifican tres momentos en Yucatán en los que el Estado ha impulsado el uso de plaguicidas: el Plan Chaac, que promovió la citricultura en el sur de la entidad en la década de 1960; el Programa de Reordenación Henequenera y Desarrollo Integral de Yucatán, que pretendió diversificar las actividades agropecuarias del Estado; y la introducción de monocultivos como el de la soya genéticamente modificada en el siglo XXI.
Se identifican cinco aportes de los estudios sociales sobre plaguicidas en Yucatán: 1) el registro de plaguicidas usados en el campo, incluyendo plaguicidas altamente peligrosos y prohibidos en otros países; 2) las prácticas de manejo de los productores, incluyendo medidas de protección y de desecho de envases de plaguicidas; 3) la percepción de riesgo sobre los daños provocados por los plaguicidas; 4) los efectos de los plaguicidas y 5) el papel de políticas y programas de gobierno. A partir de estos cinco aportes se puede apreciar el carácter colonial y de desigualdad de las relaciones entre el Norte y el Sur global.
An Overview of the Reformation brought by Christianity: A Historical and Bibliometric Perspective
Authors: Zachariah Dr. Arun Babu
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive historical and bibliometric analysis of the Reformation in Christianity, emphasizing its profound influence on religious, social, and political landscapes. The Reformation, initiated by key figures such as Martin Luther, marked a pivotal shift from the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of various Protestant denominations and significant reforms within the Catholic Church. This study integrates historical narratives with bibliometric methodologies to identify prevailing trends, influential works, and key contributors in Reformation studies. Analysing scholarly publications from 1964 to 2024, the paper highlights the evolution of research focus, emerging areas of interest, and the broader implications of Reformation principles on contemporary issues, including human rights, environmental activism, and socio-political reforms. The findings underscore the enduring legacy of the Reformation and its relevance to modern-day religious and socio-political contexts.
La metamorfosis de la práctica científica: Del investigador individual a la hiperautoría e hiperinflación de papers
Authors: Fernández Alves Julio Angel
Published: August 2024

Practica cientifica