bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conformational diversity facilitates antibody mutation trajectories and discrimination between foreign and self-antigens
Authors: Burnett Deborah L. , Schofield Peter , Langley David B. , Jackson Jennifer , Bourne Katherine , Wilson Emily , Porebski Benjamin T. , Buckle Ashley M. , Brink Robert , Goodnow Christopher C. , Christ Daniel
Published: August 2020

Significance

Conformational diversity of foreign antigens and cross-reactivity with self are implicated in the failure to generate effective antibody responses against many challenging pathogens, but few studies directly address how these two factors affect antibody formation. Here we address this question from biophysical, structural, and immunological perspectives using structurally related lysozyme proteins. The results show germinal centers have remarkable ability to select antibody producing cells along novel hypermutation trajectories, transmuting an antibody with no capacity to differentiate foreign from self into highly foreign-specific antibody derivatives, exploiting conformational flexibility in antigen and antibody. These findings address a central issue for developing vaccines against HIV and other chronic infections and represent a prime example of stepwise, evolutionary adaptation of protein–protein interfaces.
Structural impact of K63 ubiquitin on yeast translocating ribosomes under oxidative stress
Authors: Zhou Ye , Kastritis Panagiotis L. , Dougherty Shannon E. , Bouvette Jonathan , Hsu Allen L. , Burbaum Laura , Mosalaganti Shyamal , Pfeffer Stefan , Hagen Wim J. H. , Förster Friedrich , Borgnia Mario J. , Vogel Christine , Beck Martin , Bartesaghi Alberto , Silva Gustavo M.
Published: August 2020

Significance

K63 ubiquitination of ribosomes serves as a key regulator of protein production during cellular exposure to oxidative stress. Defining the structural and functional mechanisms of translation regulation would support the current understanding of critical reprogramming of eukaryotic gene expression. Our paper presents an examination of the structure of K63 ubiquitinated ribosomes, revealing that this modification structurally destabilizes proteins involved in the binding of translation factors and is required to trap ribosomes at the pretranslocation stage of translation elongation. We provide evidence for a new redox regulatory mechanism of translation in which K63 ubiquitin aids the global repression of protein synthesis and is essential for coping with the harms of oxidative stress.
PIWIL1 promotes gastric cancer via a piRNA-independent mechanism
Authors: Shi Shuo , Yang Zhen-Zhen , Liu Sanhong , Yang Fan , Lin Haifan
Published: August 2020

Significance

Precision medicine aims to cure cancer without affecting normal tissues. PIWI proteins provide a promising opportunity for precision medicine because they are normally expressed only in the testis for male fertility but gain expression in diverse types of cancers. Thus, inhibiting
PIWI
expression may stop cancer development (and sperm production) without affecting normal body function. To establish causality between PIWI and cancer, we show here that the expression of PIWIL1, a human PIWI protein, promotes gastric cancer. Surprisingly, this oncogenic function does not require piRNA, the expected partner of PIWI proteins, but involves the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay mechanism. These findings reveal a function and action mechanism of PIWI proteins in oncogenesis, guiding the identification of PIWI inhibitors to cure cancer.
Exploring the F-actin/CPEB3 interaction and its possible role in the molecular mechanism of long-term memory
Authors: Gu Xinyu , Schafer Nicholas P. , Wang Qian , Song Sarah S. , Chen Mingchen , Waxham M. Neal , Wolynes Peter G.
Published: August 2020

Significance

The growth and stabilization of dendritic spines is thought to be essential for strengthening the connections between neurons and thereby memories. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling in spines is the basis of this growth and stabilization. A functional prion that binds mRNA, CPEB3, which interacts with actin, has been reported to be involved in the maintenance of long-term memory by forming stable aggregates. Here we study the interaction between actin and CPEB3 and propose a molecular model for the complex structure of CPEB3 bound to an actin filament. Our model gives insights into the actin/CPEB3 positive feedback loop underlying long-term memory which involves CPEB3’s binding to actin, its aggregation, and its regulation by SUMOylation.
Detecting selection with a genetic cross
Authors: Fraser Hunter B.
Published: August 2020

Significance

Natural selection is the force that underlies the spectacular adaptations of all organisms to their environments. However, not all traits are under selection; a key question is which traits have been shaped by selection, as opposed to the random drift of neutral traits. Here, I develop a test of selection on quantitative traits that can be applied to almost any genetic cross between divergent populations or species. The test is robust to a wide range of potential confounders and has greater power to detect selection than existing tests. Applied to empirical data, the test reveals widespread selection in both domesticated and wild species, allowing selection to be detected more easily and powerfully than previously possible.
4-Hydroxyacetophenone modulates the actomyosin cytoskeleton to reduce metastasis
Authors: Bryan Darren S. , Stack Melinda , Krysztofiak Katarzyna , Cichoń Urszula , Thomas Dustin G. , Surcel Alexandra , Schiffhauer Eric S. , Beckett Michael A. , Khodarev Nikolai N. , Xue Lai , Poli Elizabeth C. , Pearson Alexander T. , Posner Mitchell C. , Robinson Douglas N. , Rock Ronald S. , Weichselbaum Ralph R.
Published: August 2020

Significance

There is a pressing need for new approaches to combat metastatic disease. We demonstrate, here, a strategy that targets and activates the molecular machines that control cell shape in cell division, wound healing, immune surveillance, embryonic development, and cancer metastasis. Cells control their shape by remodeling their cytoskeletal actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, while cytoskeletal motor proteins, such as the myosins generate forces that can produce local contractions. By targeting and activating NM2C directly, we interfere with cytoskeletal plasticity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this activation strategy
in vitro
and
in vivo
and provide a molecular mechanism for our measured increase in cell stiffness. Our strategy can be integrated readily with existing approaches to combat aggressive cancers.
The history and foundations of ecology.
Authors: Rees Paul A.
Published: August 2020

This chapter contains questions about the history of ecology, historically important scientists who have made significant contributions to the science, along with some basic terminology and founding principles.
Taxonomy and biodiversity.
Authors: Rees Paul A.
Published: August 2020

This chapter contains questions about the system used to name organisms, their classification, and the diversity of life on Earth.
The Economic Freedom Fighters: rethinking Du Bois in a tale of reconstruction
Authors: Phadi Mosa
Published: August 2020

This article claims that post-apartheid South Africa is in the midst of processes of reconstruction. W. E. B. Du Bois’ seminal text, Black reconstruction, argues that the process is untidy. It creates splinters, overlapping and reconstructing how self-determination and social change are envisioned among Black people, especially the working class. The contradictions which often emerge from the discourse and actions of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) should thus be understood within this milieu. The EFF remains caught within the limits of the era of reconstruction, and will therefore not emancipate Black people from oppression.
Broadband sound absorption by a nested doll metasurface using multi-slit synergetic resonance
Authors: Liu Hongxing , Wu Jiu Hui , Li Bing , Lei Yunzhong , Ma Fuyin
Published: August 2020

A sound-absorbing metasurface with a multi-slit synergetic resonant effect was studied that can achieve broadband sound absorption in a range betwen 500 Hz and 1150 Hz by using a nested doll supercell with a thickness of only 44.1 mm (the thickness being one sixteenth of the wavelength). The basic unit of the improved micro-slit absorber (IMSA), made by designing the slit of the micro-slit absorber as a type of step and locating it at the edge of the surface panel, is proposed for sound absorption at lower frequencies. The improved step slit can not only change the structure’s impedance to match the medium of air at a lower frequency, but can also guide sound waves into the slit and increase the air velocity step by step, which results in a strong friction loss in the lower micro-slit. On this basis, a nested doll supercell with eight integrated parallel IMSAs was designed and tested, and was able to achieve
sound absorption in a range between 500 Hz and 1150 Hz. In addition, the bandwidth was further broadened (to between 330 Hz and 1150 Hz) by adding four additional IMSAs to the previous supercell, while the surface area of the panel only increased by about 20%. This work highlighted the potentially extensive application of broadband noise reduction due to its depth, i.e. subwavelength thickness, and the relatively small surface area of the panel.
Design and analysis of coaxial cylindrical WPT coils for two-degree-of-freedom applications
Authors: Houran Mohamad Abou , Yang Xu , Chen Wenjie , Li Xiaoteng
Published: August 2020

In this work, we propose two-degree-of-freedom coils for a high coupling wireless power transfer (WPT) system to achieve a constant efficiency against rotation and linear movements. The transmitting (Tx) coil and receiving (Rx) coil were wound on a cylindrical joint structure. The Rx coil has a linear motion (Δ) between three assumed positions, as follows. Lower position (P1
), middle position (P0
) and an upper position (P2
). Besides, the Rx coil has an angular movement (α) around its axis between 0° and 360°. The mutual inductance (M) between the Tx and Rx coils is derived and validated by calculations and simulations. Design procedures of the WPT coils and analytical investigations for maximizing the power transfer efficiency are discussed in detail. In addition, simulation results under linear and angular movements are presented. Finally, the WPT coils were fabricated. The experiment results were in good agreement with the calculation and simulation results.
Projection-angle-dependent distortion correction in high-speed image-intensifier-based x-ray computed tomography
Authors: Sanctorum Joaquim G , Van Wassenbergh Sam , Nguyen Van , De Beenhouwer Jan , Sijbers Jan , Dirckx Joris J J
Published: August 2020

Geometric distortion is inevitable in facilities using x-ray image intensifiers. When the induced distortion pattern varies over time, each recorded frame should be corrected accordingly, which is the case in conventional C-arm imaging, for example. This demonstrates the need for reliable and easy-to-use, projection-angle-dependent correction methods. In the present work, we demonstrate such a dynamic approach, based on digital image correlation (DIC). We validate the method in a set-up for high-speed x-ray tomography, where the variable distortion is induced by an inhomogeneous distribution of ferromagnetic components in the sample rotation stage. By comparing the ideal positions of metal beads in a rectilinear pattern and their positions in the corrected radiographs of that pattern, we deduced the minimum number of frames required to estimate the varying distortion behavior during a full revolution of the stage. Next, this method was validated in a geometry calibration algorithm for a tomographic set-up, as well as in a tomographic reconstruction. Before the application of any distortion correction, the recorded images suffer from, on average, a mean and maximum distortion of 11.12 pixels (1.56 mm) and 42.79 pixels (6.10 mm), respectively. From our experiments, we conclude that three projections, sampled with a 120° interval, are sufficient to correct any frame recorded under an intermediate angle, with mean and maximum residual errors respectively below 0.48 pixels (0.068 mm) and 1.68 pixels (0.240 mm) while using a 14” image intensifier covering a 292 mm

×

292 mm field of view. These results imply a decrease of the mean and maximum distortion errors of at least 96%, regardless of the projection angle. Next, the results showed improved accuracy in the system’s geometry calibration, which resulted in a reduced blurring of edges and better contrast, as well as shape preservation in the tomographic reconstruction. This demonstrates that the new method is accurate and reliable and, due to the common availability of DIC software, it is very accessible and easy to use.
Bi and oxygen defects improved visible light photocatalysis with BiOBr nanosheets
Authors: Ren Xiaozhen , Zhang Xunshuang , Guo Ruichen , Zhang Shulan , Wang Lezhi , Pu Xipeng
Published: August 2020

Bi metal attached BiOBr with oxygen defect (BiOBr(3)-Bi(x%, x = 10, 20, 30)) nanosheets was prepared via the hydrothermal process in this study. The different characterization techniques of x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectrometer, electron spin resonance (ESR), field emission scanning electron microscope, and high resolution transmission electron microscope were used to distinguish the composition, crystal structure, and morphology of the samples. Under visible light irradiation, the BiOBr(3)-Bi(x%, x = 10, 20, 30) samples exhibited improved photocatalytic activity for the degradation of colored dyes (RhB) and colorless tetracycline hydrochloride. Such an improvement was ascribed to the widened visible light absorption and enhanced separation of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs because of the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and Bi metal with plasmon resonance effects. A possible photocatalytic mechanism of the quasi Z-scheme process was proposed on the basis of ESR measurements and radical-trapping experiments.
Non-invasive quantification of the effect of device-guided slow breathing with direct feedback to the patient to reduce blood pressure
Authors: Bachler Martin , Sehnert Walter , Mikisek Ines , Wassertheurer Siegfried , Mengden Thomas
Published: August 2020

Objective: Slow breathing is a relaxation exercise recommended for lowering blood pressure (BP). Biofeedback may improve patient adherence and enhance BP lowering effects. Since the pulse arrival time (PAT) is inversely proportional to BP, it can be used to estimate BP changes. Approach: In this pilot study, 30 patients (age 62.9 (SD 7.7) years, 11 F/19 M, Sys. BP 133.0 (SD 17.1) mmHg, Dia. BP 83.8 (SD 10.6) mmHg) performed a device-guided slow breathing exercise. PAT was measured by ECG and plethysmography and immediately presented to the patient, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was calculated retrospectively to measure the adherence to the instructed respiratory rate. Main results: Respiratory rate was 13.6 (SD 1.9) bpm at baseline and 5.4 (SD 1.0) bpm during guided breathing. PAT continuously and progressively increased from 231.5 (SD 20.3) to 237.3 (SD 18.5) ms (p

<

0.001). The median deviation of RSA from the guided respiratory rate was 0.06 (IQR 0.19) bpm. In three patients, a deviation of > 0.20 bpm was detected, and two of them showed no increase in PAT. In total, 25 patients responded with increase in PAT. Significance: In this pilot study we have shown that biofeedback of PAT and RSA are feasible and can further improve motivation and adherence. Furthermore, we have shown that the exercise increased PAT, which indicates a reduction in BP. Due to its ease of use, this method is ideal for home use and self-monitoring.
Interfaces between MoO
x
and MoX
2 (X = S, Se, and Te)*
Authors: Chen Fengming , Liu Jinxin , Zheng Xiaoming , Liu Longhui , Xie Haipeng , Song Fei , Gao Yongli , Huang Han
Published: August 2020

In the past decades there have been many breakthroughs in low-dimensional materials, especially in two-dimensional (2D) atomically thin crystals like graphene. As structural analogues of graphene but with a sizeable band gap, monolayers of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (with formula of MX
2, M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te, etc.) have emerged as the ideal 2D prototypes for exploring fundamentals in physics such as valleytronics due to the quantum confinement effects, and for engineering a wide range of nanoelectronic, optoelectronic, and photocatalytic applications. Transition metal trioxides as promising materials with low evaporation temperature, high work function, and inertness to air have been widely used in the fabrication and modification of MX
2. In this review, we reported the fabrications of one-dimensional MoS2 wrapped MoO2 single crystals with varied crystal direction via atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition method and of 2D MoO
x
covered MoX
2 by means of exposing MoX
2 to ultraviolet ozone. The prototype devices show good performances. The approaches are common to other transition metal dichalcogenides and transition metal oxides.
Research on H∞ Controller of Cyber Attacks and Eventriggering Mechanism
Authors: Chen Linqi , Gao Yan , Ma Jianwu , Gu Fengjiao
Published: August 2020

Aiming at the limited network bandwidth and various cyber attacks, the H∞ neural network controller triggered by discrete events is studied. In order to further improve the utilization of network bandwidth, the event triggering mechanism is improved by taking advantage of the advantages of event triggering in network transmission. At the same time, due to various uncertain and deliberate network attacks, data tampering and packet loss problems are caused. A new neural network control system model is established based on the attack mode obeying Bernoulli probability and dynamic integration. By using Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system, which meets the requirements of H∞. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the validity of the results.
Variation of Salinity in both Surface and Bottom Layers in Jiaozhou Bay
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Lin Dong , Wang Qi , Zhang Longlei , Li Haixia
Published: August 2020

Based on the investigation data on Jiaozhou Bay in May and October 1979, the vertical distribution and seasonal variation of salinity in the surface and bottom waters from the inner waters to the outer waters of Jiaozhou Bay were studied, and the seasonal distribution, variation range and horizontal distribution trend of the salinity in surface and bottom layers were determined. The results showed that from May to October, in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth, the inner waters of the bay mouth and the outer waters of the bay mouth, the seasonal change of salinity in both surface and bottom layers from low to high was: autumn and spring. In Jiaozhou Bay, from the inner water area to the outer water area, in May and October, the variation ranges of salinity in surface and bottom layers were basically the same. When the salinity content in surface was relatively low, that of the corresponding bottom layer was relatively low; when the salinity content in surface was relatively high, that of the corresponding bottom layer was relatively high. It showed that the salinity was fully transported to every part of the ocean through horizontal current transport and vertical eddy mixing. In Jiaozhou Bay, from the waters inside the bay mouth to the waters of the bay mouth, the horizontal distribution trends of salinity in the surface and bottom were opposite in May and the consistent in October. In May and October, the horizontal distribution trends of salinity in surface and bottom from the bay mouth to the outside of the bay mouth were consistent. Therefore, from May to October, in the inner waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth, bay mouth waters and the outer waters of bay mouth, the seasonal variation mechanism of salinity in surface and bottom: both high and low salinity were transported by horizontal currents from the outer water area of the bay mouth to the water area of the bay mouth, and then to the inner water area of the bay mouth, which determined the seasonal variation mechanism of salinity in surface and bottom.
Analysis of DCO-OFDM for Indoor Visible Light Communications
Authors: Hong Wenxin , Li Tianyu , Li Weize , Shi Xinyue
Published: August 2020

A novel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique called DC-biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM) as-applied to indoor visible light communication (VLC) systems was analysed in this study. Line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) models were assumed and the luminance intensity and multipath dispersion of a single reflection were measured for indoor LOS and NLOS models; 1-dB and 3-dB DC biases were applied to DCO-OFDM with 4-, 64-, or 128-QAMs for BER analysis, respectively. The quantity of lighting equipment appropriates for communication based on the model room was determined, as well as the optimal number of sources dependent on illuminance, mean density of pedestrians, room model. The results showed that as M and DC bias values increase, SNR grows excessively (about 2.5 dB) in the LOS model. Reflection, additionally, has a severe impact on BER in NLOS conditions (nearly 10−3) regardless of M or DCdB value. Compared to the LOS model, the NLOS model requires a loss of about 12 dB of DCO-OFDM SNR.
OFDM Cooperative Relay Transmission and Interference Elimination Technology
Authors: Wei Tao
Published: August 2020

Aiming at Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) cooperative relay transmission system, a scheme of interference elimination between OFDM relays based on precoding was proposed for OFDM system continuous relay network. The new scheme precodes the frequency domain signals of the source nodes alternately, maps the expected signals and interference signals of the relay to two orthogonal subspaces. The interference elimination of the relay is achieved and the expression of the optimal precoding matrix is deduced. The application in OFDM system can effectively eliminate the influence of multipath effect on system performance. The effectiveness of the scheme is verified by simulation experiments.
Analysis on Linguistics Research Directions in the Age of Big Data
Authors: Lu Tingyu
Published: August 2020

With the development of science and technology in recent years, concepts such as big data and databases frequently appear in people’s fields of vision. Among them, big data and the construction of foreign language corpora have become common practice in the field of academic research. It has a certain understanding by consulting related journals, papers and books. This article starts with what big data is, what it means to build a corpus for linguistic research, and the situation of linguistic research in the context of big data, and briefly explains the current status of data and linguistic research in the context of big data discussion and at the same time hopes to have a more comprehensive understanding and understanding of the database.
Design and Implementation of a Smart Wireless Fire-Fighting System Based on NB-IoT Technology
Authors: Shi Xiuxiang , Songlin Lai
Published: August 2020

The traditional smoke sensing systems have some disadvantages, including high implementation costs, difficulties in perceiving working states, low data accuracy and troubles in uniform and effective management. To address these problems, a new type of smart wireless fire monitoring system based on NB-IoT technology is innovatively designed, which realizes real-time remote monitoring and management. Compared with traditional smoke alarm systems, this system has such advantages as ultra-low power dissipation, lithium-ion battery power, no wiring, remote monitoring, low battery alarm and so forth. With great application prospect, it is worth to develop and rolled out.
A Novel Semi-Distributed OFDMA for Indoor Visible Light Communications
Authors: Hong Wenxin , Li Tianyu , Li Weize , Shi Xinyue
Published: August 2020

In this paper, a novel OFDMA architecture based on the characteristics of the indoor visible light communication network is introduced. It is characterized by a microcell structure and frequent terminal switching. The OFDM proposed in this paper adopts DCO-OFDM modulation technology, which is determined by the consideration of the nonlinear and non-negative signal transmission characteristics of LEDs, and the SLM algorithm is also introduced to reduce PAPR. The simulation results demonstrate that the SLM algorithm can effectively reduce the PAPR of DCO-OFDM, which increases the probability that the signal in the entire system is lower than the PAPR threshold. Compared with the SLM algorithm, its CDF probability is increased by about 40%, and the SNR is also improved by 2.5 dB. The proposed OFDMA is a semi-distributed structure that is controlled by the DME to allocate subcarriers to each AP, and each has the ability to allocate subcarriers independently. Based on this architecture, an idea of dynamic subcarrier allocation is proposed, and uses the optical power received by the terminal as the SIR index to allocate different subcarriers to different SIR terminals and optimize the utilization of resources. The results of the modeling and simulation indicate that when the subcarrier allocation algorithm and method of reducing PAPR via SLM are combined, the BER of the system is significantly improved; when the SNR is 13 dB, the BER can be reduced to less than 10-6. This method can help the system reach the perfect communication target with a lower SNR, allowing the system to achieve better BER performance with less power consumption.
Research on the Effectiveness Design of Information System Software Test Case Based on Clustering Algorithms
Authors: Jijun Zeng , Famao Mei , Jiaxin Lin
Published: August 2020

With the rapid development of software industry, the scale of software becomes larger and larger, and the complexity of software becomes higher and higher. The test coverage criterion traverses to get the corresponding test path and deletes the redundant path according to the constraints, then analyses and eliminates the contradictions in each test scenario to get the consistent requirement scenario, and finally generates the test case set of interlocking software. Test cases are the basis of test execution. Effective writing of test cases plays an important role in the whole testing process of information system. There are constraints (such as dependencies and mutual exclusions) between input items or parameter values, and the constraints certainly exist. From the initial frequent pattern mining to closed pattern mining, maximum pattern mining, incremental mining, topic interest measurement, privacy protection, data flow and other types of data mining association rules.
Microscopical and molecular diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematodes infecting small ruminants in Menofia governorate
Authors: Elkhatam Ahmed , AbouLaila Mahmoud R. , Elbahy Nasr , Roshdy Tamer M.
Published: August 2020

Gastrointestinal nematodes are the most common problems affecting the health and productivity of small ruminants. The study was carried out on 45 slaughtered small ruminants (19 sheep and 26 goats) for microscopical and molecular diagnosis of recovered nematodes. The gastrointestinal tracts of slaughtered animals were examined by sieving method for nematode recovery. The recovered nematodes were washed, cleared, mounted and identified. RAPD-PCR was carried out on 10 samples (adults and larvae) by using 3 primers. The results revealed that the infection rate of nematodes was higher in sheep than goats. The recovered nematodes were Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia sp, Ostertagia ostertagi and Trichuris ovis. The infection rate of different nematodes was recorded. Comparison between Trichuris ovis from sheep and goats revealed genetic polymorphism and genetic variability in DNA amplification using three primers. Overall, RAPD-PCR indicated genetic polymorphism and genetic variability between different nematodes and within the same species.
Evaluation of Nano and Magnetization in Wastewater Treatment and its effect on the growth of Vigna radiata L.
Authors: Mahdi W. , Alsamarrai S.
Published: August 2020

Two laboratory experiments were conducted, the first to obtain the best concentration of nanomaterial’s used Fe3O4 in removing heavy elements from wastewater, and the concentrations were (50, 100, 150, 200, 250) mg.L−1, and the concentration was chosen 100 mg. L−1was the best concentration after achieving the highest rate of removal of heavy elements from wastewater, and the second to test the effect of treated nanoparticles and magnetic particles, and the interference between them in the germination rate of livestock seeds used as a biomarker in sterile plastic plates at a rate of three iterations per treatment and experiment parameters were water treatment River T0 and T1 treatment untreated wastewater and T2 wastewater treatment with nanomaterial’s treatment, T3 magnetic treatment wastewater treatment and T4 treatment, which overlap between the two treatments, and T3 and T4 treatments achieved the highest germination rate of 100% for the two treatments. A field experiment was conducted in Al-Mu’tasim area, 20 km south of Samarra - Salah Al-Din area located at latitude 3771307 and longitude 413224 in July 2019 to see the effect of experiment treatments on some characteristics of the growth ofVigna radiataL. plants, and the results showed that the T4 treatment significantly exceeded all treatment treatments in Some plant growth characteristics such as plant height, leaf area, dry vegetable weight, dry root weight and percentage (43.00, 14.60, 77.95, 71.87)% for trait respectively when compared to T1 treatment which achieved lower mean for the mentioned traits.
Effect of Progesterone and GnRH treatment on non-functional ovaries in Holstein cows after calving in Babylon province
Authors: Al-Nuaimi Ali J. , Ali Alzahid Abdulamir , Ahmed hamid Alrubaye Talib , Abid Ali R , Jawad Rana A. , Al-Khafaji Nawras M. , Khaleel Al-Sabbagh Juman , Hassan Mayada S.
Published: August 2020

The study was conducted on (50) Friesian cows age (2.5 -5) years with different nutritional levels, suffering from dysfunction ovary for the period (40-55) days after birth of the year (2019). In the milk cows station (Faiha) / Babylon province. To treat the cases and then follow back to the estrus and use artificial insemination with follow-up pregnancy. The study relied on dietary and hormonal therapy during the open period of adult (110-125) days, cows were divided into two groups (non-functional ovaries and control), which consecutively was divided into three sub groups, including control and treatments. hormone therapy must be linked to poor food. Weaknesses or functional delays are not recommended to used hormonal therapy unless the animal’s health and nutritional status are improved, As well as the genetic status of the animal dependent on breed selection in terms of nutritional conversion and access to sexual puberty and its ability to maintain the balance of energy is the most important thing that makes the animal in the normal situation in terms of production during his life. Progesterone and GnRH therapy also play a role in the reactivation of ovaries in cases of delayed and hostile. Functional delays are also easier to treat, which is done by dietary improvement only and may not need hormone therapy, especially after adjusting the nutritional status in particular. We conclude from this study that the nutrition improvement before and after birth and improve the quality is the most important things in the management and breeding of animals and during their life cycle before puberty and focus on the postpartum period to restore the animal to its normal functional activity.
Rsponse of Dixired Peach Trees to Sulphur and Iron Application
Authors: Al-Aareji Jassim M. A. , H.S. Bani Shukri
Published: August 2020

A present study was conducted during 2011 growing season on six year old of peach trees ( Prunus persica Batsch ) grown in Gr-Rash orchard / Duhuk governorate / Iraq, to investigate the effect of Sulfur and Iron on tree yield and some of fruits characters. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design ( R.C.B.D.), Including two factors, first was soil application of Sulfur which was applide in the first week of January at four levels (0, 250, 500 and 750 gm S. tree−1), second was foliar spray with three concentrations of iron ( 0, 50 and 100 mg Fe . L−1) using Fe-EDDHA ( 6% Fe ) which was sprayed at two equal sprays, first was done after 15 days of full bloom, the second spray was applied after one month of the first spray.Results indicated that Sulphur application especially at a level of 750 gm S. tree−1 and Fe at a concentration of 100 mg Fe . L−1 each alone or with each other significantly increased fruits number per tree, fruit weight, tree yield, TSS, TSS / acidity, fruit juice and peel anthocyanin content, meanwhile fruit acidity was significantly decreased with the increase the level of Sulfur and Fe application.
Reporting Synechocryptus bovei (Brullé, 1846) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) first time in Iraq
Authors: Al-Zurfi Sienaa M. , Aljaafari Raad K. , Manar  , Abbas A. , Kareem Ali A.
Published: August 2020

The subfamily Cryptinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is the largest ichneumon wasps. During insect survey in fruit trees field, Karbala Governorate, Synechocryptus bovei was collected in 2019 using sweep nets. This is the first report of S. bovei from Karbala, Iraq.
Comparison of AWASSI sheep lambs livabilityat effects of genetic and environmental factors
Authors: Ali Maan A.
Published: August 2020

Viability of Local and Turkish AWASSI sheep lambs where compared at weaning, 6, 9, and 12 months of age in order to study the effects of the parents breed, sex, birth type,age and interaction among them for the years 2009, 2010, 2011, sheep records of Agriculture research state board – sheep station in Baghdad, were analyzed, which its account were 1218, 1199, 1190, 1163 at weaning, 6, 9, 12 months of age respectively . Study result appeared that the parents breed was significant (p > 0.01), to the Turkish lambs from the weaning to one year of age. while the parents age were significant (p > 0.05) at 6, 9 months and high significant (p > 0.01) for lambs livability at 12 months of age, while parents sex and birth type effects were not significant at lambs livability at any period from weaning to one year of age . Highest livability of lambs were for parents of 4 years old that reached 90.738%, 89.976%, 89.685%, and 88.887% while the lowest lambs livability were for parents of 8 years old that reached 77.777%, 76.736%, 76.736%, 61.111 % at weaning, 6, 9, and 12 months of lambs age respectively. Interaction between parents breed and age was significant (p > 0.05), for lambs livability, only at the age of 12 months, while all the other interactions were not significant.
Research on the Geotechnical Engineering Investigation and Foundation Treatment Methods of Large Thickness Collapsible Loess
Authors: Zhang Xiucang , Lv Qiang
Published: August 2020

Geotechnical engineering plays a valuable and fundamental role in the process of engineering construction in China, and during the process of geotechnical engineering construction, engineering investigation and foundation treatment have significant influence on the whole construction quality of the geotechnical engineering. The widespread distribution and overall features of collapsible loess bring more difficulty for engineering investigation and foundation treatment. Any failure of accurate investigation and effective foundation treatment may lead to the collapse during the engineering construction. There is a large area of collapsible loess in the northwest of China, especially in Lanzhou, and such extensive distribution of collapsible loess makes it quite difficult during the geotechnical engineering construction. How to conduct effective geotechnical engineering investigation and foundation treatment for collapsible loess is the priority of researches on geotechnical engineering construction in Lanzhou for the moment. During the process of foundation treatment of collapsible loess, the overall characteristics of loess should be taken into consideration, and then it shall be analyzed and demonstrated from perspectives of economy, rationality and feasibility. This paper takes Lanzhou as the research object and carries out the research on the geotechnical engineering investigation and foundation treatment methods in this area during the research process. The research outcomes can serve as empirical support and theoretical reference for geotechnical engineering investigation and foundation treatment of large thickness collapsible loess, and further improve the construction quality and economic benefits of geotechnical engineering.
Application of GPS Positioning Technology in Civil Engineering Survey
Authors: Zhanwu Ma
Published: August 2020

In the process of continuous improvement of my country’s scientific and technological level, the development and application of new technologies are relatively fast, and the application of new technologies in various fields is relatively extensive. The full application of GPS positioning technology in the surveying and mapping line is of great significance, which can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of civil engineering surveying. With the continuous development and application of GPS measurement technology, it can promote the further development of my country’s engineering measurement industry. In the actual operation of GPS positioning technology, the signals sent by the satellites can be obtained in time, and then the signal information is processed to accurately determine the specific spatial location of the measurement point. The three-dimensional navigation performance and positioning function of GPS positioning technology is relatively strong, with strong anti-interference ability, and can be fully applied in the measurement process of various civil engineering. In order to improve the application effect of GPS positioning technology, we need to further study the GPS positioning technology and discuss the specific application of mechanical positioning technology in the civil engineering measurement process, so as to provide corresponding reference for the popularization and application of GPS positioning technology.
The Eigensolution Expansion in Viscoelastic Materials
Authors: Zhang WX , Yang LM
Published: August 2020

By using the eigensolution expansion method, the problem can be transformed into a Hamiltonian matrix. In symplectic system, the study of elasticity takes the primal variable and its dual variable as the basic variable, which makes the separated variable method be implemented smoothly, thus forming a unique direct method. The significance of the transition from Lagrangian system to Hamiltonian system lies in the transition from the traditional Euclidean geometry to the symplectic geometry, and the introduction of dual mixed variable method into the broad field of applied mechanics, which provides a powerful tool for the discussion of mechanical problems. At the same time, this method, marked by the all state vector, is more in line with and adapts to the development of computer. The trend is very important to the engineering mechanics system, the mathematical physics method and the research of other subjects.
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Viscoelastic Structure
Authors: Zhang WX , Yan GF
Published: August 2020

Generally, the incremental superposition method is used to analyze the stress and deformation of viscoelastic structures. In the calculation, the total time is divided into several intervals. It is assumed that the internal stress remains unchanged in each time interval. The creep deformation generated in this period is taken as the initial strain at the next moment, and the displacement increment is solved according to the elastic problem together with the load, and the total displacement is obtained gradually by superposition. In the study of this method, the integral constitutive relation is used in most cases, and the relaxation modulus is expressed by Prony series. Therefore, the convolution can be expressed by recursion formula, and the memory can be greatly reduced.
Dynamic analysis of vehicle-track response for subway with pumping house cancelled
Authors: Feng Duyang , Zhang Jichun
Published: August 2020

Wastewater pump room is used to lead wastewater out of subway sections. The wastewater pump room is the side channel of subway sections which is often constructed by freezing method. Since the freezing method construction has a certain risk of failure which leads to soil foundation collapse easily, as an alternative, subway section drainage can be achieved by installing a drainage pump inside railway track concrete roadbed. Because the built-in pumping weakened the original integrity of roadbed structure, in this paper, by establishing a finite element analysis model of the vehicle-track-tunnel, 12 indexes including dynamic response of the track structure, stability and safety of running vehicle were calculated. Results show that, while vehicle passing through the section, the build-in pumping structure meet requirements of track structure dynamic responses, vehicle running safety and stability.
Test analysis and solution of insufficient output of hydraulic turbine
Authors: Long Yuanlin , Chen Kai , Ye Yuping
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the factors that cause the insufficient output of hydraulic turbine, tests and analyzes the output, head and flow of the turbine, finds out the cause of the insufficient output of the turbine and proposes a solution.
Temperature field simulation using CFD in the plant factory
Authors: Zhou Shenghan , Liu Huan , Fan Ruiqi , He Zhongqun , Zhang Yao , Chen Yufei , Sun Xiaoyu , Zhou Xiaoting , Yang Qichang , Zheng Yangxia , Lu Wei
Published: August 2020

This experiment was developed by Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. A three-dimensional model was conducted for an indoor artificial light plant factory to simulate the temperature field distribution. The results showed that the average absolute error of simulated temperature and measured temperature was 0.7°C, and the average relative error was 3%. The growth indexes of Brassica chinensis in the artificial light plant factory were measured. The uniformity of airflow field in the cultivation area should be further studied for the structural optimization of the plant factory.
Response Analysis of A Heat-absorbing Tower under Near-field Earthquake
Authors: Yazhou Xu , Na Liu , Xianan Hou
Published: August 2020

In order to better study the impact of near-field vibration pulse effects on high-rise structures, a random point source method and an equivalent velocity pulse superposition method were used to generate 26 multi-environmental near-field vibration samples with pulse effects for 7-degree fortification. Through the finite element modeling and analysis, the vibration type of the light and heat tower structure is obtained, and the seismic response of the heat absorption tower is analyzed by the generated random ground motion, and the mean value and variance of the structure dynamic amplification factor, base shear force and displacement angle are obtained. Coefficient of variation. The results show that the random seismic response of the structure shows an obvious discrete type, the dispersion of the acceleration amplification factor increases with the height of the tower, the displacement response increases with the height of the tower, and the steel structure on the top of the tower has a significant whiplash effect.
A numerical simulation study on the sedimentation dredging in Lushui Reservoir, part 2: influence and its back siltation
Authors: Ge Hua , Deng Chunyan
Published: August 2020

A well-verified two-dimensional mathematical model for vertical averaged flow was used to calculate the influence on the flow after the sedimentation dredging in Lushui Reservoir. The numerical simulation results shows that the influence of dredging works on the flow in the dredging reach is limited, and the influence is mainly concentrated in the local area near the dredging area, while the influence on the velocity flow pattern and the overall river regime in the main channel of the dredging reach is relatively small.
Shear test on binding performance of reactive powder concrete and normal concrete
Authors: Yu Xinmin , Chen Shichuan , Hou Shifeng , Wang Dehong , Ju Yanzhong
Published: August 2020

In order to investigate the bonding performance between reactive powder concrete (RPC) and normal concrete (NC), nine groups of RPC-NC composite specimens were designed for double-sided shear based on the orthogonal test. The test parameters include interface roughness, RPC water binder ratio and steel fibre content. The results show that the roughness is the most important factor to affect the bond shear strength, followed by RPC water binder ratio, and steel fibre content has the least influence. In the range of 2.11mm ~ 6.01mm average sand filling depth, the bonding strength of RPC and NC with the same water binder ratio increases with the increase of interface roughness. The average bonding strength of 0.22 water binder ratio group is the highest, and it is 7.6% and 28.3% higher than that of 0.24 and 0.20 groups, respectively. Based on the test results, the prediction formula of the bond shear strength of RPC-NC considering the interface roughness and the water binder ratio of RPC is established.
Influence of free face numbers on energy distribution characteristics of blast vibration signal in underwater drilling blasting
Authors: Ma Chenyang , Wu Li , Zhou Yuchun , Wang Yufeng , Sun Miao
Published: August 2020

Aiming to the problem of free face not only affect the blasting effects but also the blasting vibration affects, an analytical method of exploring the free face’ influences of the blasting vibration and the attenuation law of seismic wave is proposed. Taking the field monitoring data of underwater blasting seismic wave between the river reach of the Three Gorges Dam and Gezhouba Dam as the study object, utilize the wavelet analysis and decompose method to research the blasting vibration signal’s total energy and energy distribution characteristics in variety of frequency band on different free face. The results indicated that underwater drilling blasting vibration has the characteristic of low frequency, short duration and fast attenuation. Most of the energy of the explosion will be consumed as seismic energy in the slotted blasting due to the restricted of a single free face. However, after the subsequent excavation blasting, the free face number increases but the total energy of blasting vibration and PPV decreases. Therefore, in addition to the usual seismic mitigation measures of underwater drilling and blasting, the number of free faces can be increased to achieve the effect of shock absorption control without reducing section charge.