bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Significance of Selecting an Appropriate Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM): A Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Specific Paediatric International Documentation Committee Subjective (Pedi-IKDC) Knee Form
Authors: Martinkėnienė Viktorija Brogaitė , Austys Donatas , Šaikus Andrius , Brazaitis Andrius , Bernotavičius Giedrius , Makulavičius Aleksas , Verkauskas Gilvydas
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The selection of an appropriate PROM is a crucial aspect in assessing outcomes. Questionnaires that have not been designed or validated for a paediatric population are routinely used. Using a questionnaire requires translation, cultural adaptation, and testing the psychometric properties of the translated questionnaire. There is no applicable questionnaire in our country for children with knee-specific conditions in sports orthopaedics. Therefore, this study aims to translate, culturally adapt, and assess the psychometric properties of the Paediatric IKDC (Pedi-IKDC) questionnaire within the Lithuanian paediatric population. Methods: The translation was conducted in accordance with international standards. Patients aged 11–17 years with various knee disorders participated in three surveys and completed the Pedi-IKDC, Lysholm, and PedsQL questionnaires. Interviews with patients following the translation process, in addition to floor and ceiling effects, were used to assess content validity. Cronbach alpha (α) statistics and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were applied to measure internal consistency and reproducibility, respectively. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC) were calculated to assess reliability. Pearson correlations were calculated between Pedi-IKDC and Lysholm PedsQL scores to determine criteria validity. The effect size (ES) and standardised response mean (SRM) were calculated to assess the responsiveness to change. Results: Cronbach’s alpha (α) was 0.91 for the total score, 0.75 for symptoms, and 0.92 for the sport/function component. The ICC for overall scores was 0.98, with each question ranging from 0.87 to 0.98. The SEM was 2.97, and the SDC was 8.23. Lysholm and PedsQL physical functioning domain scores had moderate correlations (0.8 > r > 0.5), and the overall PedsQL score had a weak correlation (0.5 > r > 0.2) to the Pedi-IKDC score. The floor and ceiling effects were 3.3% and 1.6%, respectively. The SRM was 1.72 and the ES was 1.98. Conclusions: The Lithuanian Pedi-IKDC version is an appropriate evaluation instrument for assessing outcomes in children with knee disorders. All of the psychometric features produced acceptable results.
Association between Contextual Factors and Affordances in the Home Environment of Infants Exposed to Poverty
Authors: Fioroni Ribeiro da Silva Carolina , Greco Ana Luiza Righetto , Castilho Cabrera Santos Denise , Sgandurra Giuseppina , Tudella Eloisa
Published: December 2023

Home environments of infants exposed to poverty exhibit fewer affordances for child development. This study aimed to investigate the association between contextual factors and affordances in the home environments of infants facing poverty. Term infants (n = 128) were divided into two groups: (1) exposed group (EG), comprising term infants exposed to poverty, and (2) comparison group (CG), consisting of term infants classified with medium and high socio-economic status. The main dependent variables were physical space, variety of stimulation, gross and fine motor toys, and the total score; measured using the Brazilian version of the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) questionnaire, named Affordances no Ambiente Domiciliar para o Desenvolvimento Motor-Escala Bebê. Statistical analysis employed independent sample t-tests or Mann–Whitney tests, chi-square tests, and stepwise multiple linear regression models to evaluate predictors of less adequate home environments. The EG presented significantly fewer affordances in gross motor toys (Cohen’s r = 0.353; p < 0.01); fine motor toys (Cohen’s r = 0.327; p < 0.01); and total score (Cohen’s r = 0.377; p < 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed a significant association (r2 = 0.828, p < 0.01) between the less than adequate home environment category and maternal age (p = 0.043, OR: 0.829 (0.692–0.994)), revealing that maternal age was associated with better quantity and quality of affordances for child development.
Investigations of Electrochemical Characteristics of Mg-Al-Ca Alloys
Authors: Sovík Ján , Hadzima Branislav , Papenberg Nikolaus Peter , Arnoldt Aurel Ramon , Gneiger Stefan
Published: December 2023

Magnesium alloys possess a high strength-to-density ratio, thereby increasingly being utilized as lightweight structural materials in a range of industrial applications. Nevertheless, to compete with established materials like aluminum alloys, it is essential to understand the corrosion behavior of Mg and its alloys, as their high reactivity hampers industrial application. The addition of Ca to wrought Mg-Al alloys has gained attention for its ability to improve mechanical properties while also enhancing processing behavior. However, the wide range of alloy compositions within the class of Mg-Al-Ca alloys results in a variety of different corrosion properties. Consequently, this study contributes by investigating the corrosion behavior of two Mg-Al-Ca alloys, highlighting the influence of chemical composition and microstructure.
Relevant Parameters for the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Bimetallic Supported Catalysts
Authors: Danielis Maila , Braga Andrea , Divins Núria J. , Llorca Jordi , Trovarelli Alessandro , Colussi Sara
Published: December 2023

Mechanochemical synthesis for the preparation of bimetallic catalysts is gaining increasing interest, and in recent years, some important milestones have been reached. However, the complexity of mechanochemically prepared bimetallic supported catalysts still leaves many open questions that need a systematic approach to be solved. In this work, we summarize our experience of mechanochemically milling bimetallic catalysts, introducing some key parameters that should be taken into account, particularly the thermal stability and hydrophilicity of precursor salts, and the effect of the milling order, highlighting the differences with wet synthesis methods. Finally, we will provide some suggestions on the application of the design of experiments approach to the rationalization of the milling procedure for the preparation of supported bimetallic catalysts.
Crystal Growth of the R2SiO5 Compounds (R = Dy, Ho, and Er) by the Floating Zone Method Using a Laser-Diode-Heated Furnace
Authors: Ciomaga Hatnean Vasile Cristian , Pui Aurel , Simonov Arkadiy , Ciomaga Hatnean Monica
Published: December 2023

In recent years, rare earth silicate compounds have attracted the extensive attention of researchers owing to their potential for applications in scintillation crystals in gamma ray or X-ray detectors, as well as in thermal or environmental barrier coatings. Large high quality crystals of three members of the rare earth monosilicates family of compounds, R2SiO5 (with R = Dy, Ho, and Er), have been grown by the floating zone method, using a laser-diode-heated floating zone furnace. Crystal growths attempts were carried out using different parameters in order to determine the optimum conditions for the growth of these materials. The phase purity and the crystalline quality of the crystal boules were analysed using powder and Laue X-ray diffraction. Single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments were carried out to determine the crystal structures of the boules. The optimum conditions used for the crystal growth of R2SiO5 materials are reported. The phase purity and high crystalline quality of the crystals produced makes them ideal for detailed investigations of the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of these materials.
The Structural and Electronic Properties of the Ag5 Atomic Quantum Cluster Interacting with CO2, CH4, and H2O Molecules
Authors: Alotaibi Moteb , Alotaibi Turki , Alshammari Majed , Ismael Ali
Published: December 2023

Recent advancements in experimental approaches have made it possible to synthesize silver (Ag5) atomic quantum clusters (AQCs), which have shown a great potential in photocatalysis. This study employs the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) density functional theory (DFT) to explore the adsorption of CO2, CH4, and H2O molecules on the Ag5 AQC. Our investigations focus on the structural and electronic properties of the molecules in Ag5 AQC systems. This involves adsorption energy simulations, charge transfer, charge density difference, and the density of states for the modelled systems. Our simulations suggest that CH4 and H2O molecules exhibit higher adsorption energies on the Ag5 AQC compared to CO2 molecules. Remarkably, the presence of CH4 molecule leads to a significant deformation in the Ag5 AQC structure. The structure reforms from a bipyramidal to trapezoidal shape. This study also reveals that the Ag5 AQC donates electrons to CO2 and CH4 molecules, resulting in an oxidation state. In contrast, gaining charges from H2O molecules results in a reduced state. We believe the proposed predictions provide valuable insights for future experimental investigations of the interaction behaviour between carbon dioxide, methane, water molecules, and Ag5 sub-nanometre clusters.
Modularisation Strategies for Individualised Precast Construction—Conceptual Fundamentals and Research Directions
Authors: Kolbeck Lothar , Kovaleva Daria , Manny Agemar , Stieler David , Rettinger Martin , Renz Robert , Tošić Zlata , Teschemacher Tobias , Stindt Jan , Forman Patrick , Borrmann André , Blandini Lucio , Stempniewski Lothar , Stark Alexander , Menges Achim , Schlaich Mike , Albers Albert , Lordick Daniel , Bletzinger Kai-Uwe , Mark Peter
Published: December 2023

Modular precast construction is a methodological approach to reduce environmental impacts and increase productivity when building with concrete. Constructions are segmented into similar precast concrete elements, prefabricated with integrated quality control, and assembled just-in-sequence on site. Due to the automatised prefabrication, inaccuracies are minimised and the use of high-performance materials is enabled. As a result, the construction process is accelerated, and the modules can be designed to be lightweight and resource-efficient. This contribution presents the fundamentals of modular constructions made from precast concrete components. Then, to elaborate the requirements of a contemporary modular precast construction, the historic developments are described. Further, concepts and technical processes–comprehensible to non-expert readers–are introduced to formalise the discussion about the current state-of-the-art methods. Three case studies treating ongoing research are introduced and related to the conceptual fundamentals. The research is evaluated with regard to current barriers and future directions. In conclusion, modular precast construction is able to reduce emissions and increase productivity in the sector if researchers and firms coordinate the development of suitable technologies that bring value to critical stakeholders.
Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Levels in Breast Cancer Risk in Mali: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Bissan Aboubacar D. T. , Ly Madani , Amegonou Awo Emmanuela H. , Sidibe Fatoumata M. , Koné Bocary S. , Barry Nènè Oumou K. , Tall Madiné , Timbiné Lassana G. , Kouriba Bourèma , Reynier Pascal , Ouzzif Zahra
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer found in women in Mali. The aim of the current study was to determine the association between metabolites circulating in the blood, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D, and vitamin D levels with the risk of breast cancer in Malian women. (2) Methods: We conducted a prospective case–control study from August 2021 to March 2022. Control subjects were matched to cases according to age (within 5 years). The patients’ clinical stage was determined by the oncologist according to the tumour–nodes–metastasis (TNM) classification system. (3) Results: We observed no differences in the mean 25(OH)D (p = 0.221) and 1,25(OH)2D (p = 0.285) between cases and controls. However, our findings indicate a more pronounced inverse association in the first level of plasma 25(OH)D, while the risk function decreases at higher levels. This observation takes strength with 1,25(OH)2D by a significant association between the first quartile and breast cancer as a risk factor (p = 0.03; OR = 71.84; CI: 1.36–3785.34). (4) Conclusions: These outcomes showed a possible association between 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D in decreasing the risk of breast cancer.
Efficacy of Handheld Ultrasound in Medical Education: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Narrative Analysis
Authors: Haji-Hassan Mariam , Capraș Roxana-Denisa , Bolboacă Sorana D.
Published: December 2023

Miniaturization has made ultrasound (US) technology ultraportable and, in association with their relatively low cost, made handheld devices attractive for medical education training programs. However, performing an ultrasound requires complex skills, and it is unclear whether handheld devices are suitable for the training of novices. Our study aimed to identify to what extent handheld US devices can be employed in medical undergraduates’ and residents’ education. We selected studies that evaluate the results obtained by students and/or residents who have participated in ultrasound training programs using handheld devices. The studies were included if they reported post-test (pre-test optional) achievements or a comparison with a control group (a group of experts or novices who underwent a different intervention). Twenty-six studies were selected, and their characteristics were summarized. Handheld ultrasound devices were used in training programs to learn echocardiography, abdominal, and/or musculoskeletal ultrasound. Statistically significant progress was noted in the ability of naïve participants to capture and interpret ultrasound images, but training duration influenced the outcomes. While ultrasound training using handheld devices has proven to be feasible for various body regions and purposes (e.g., better understanding of anatomy, clinical applications, etc.), the long-term impacts of handheld education interventions must be considered in addition to the short-term results to outline guidelines for targeted educational needs.
Advancing Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis with AI-Powered Breathomics: Navigating Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Gallos Ioannis , Tryfonopoulos Dimitrios , Shani Gidi , Amditis Angelos , Haick Hossam , Dionysiou Dimitra
Published: December 2023

Early detection of colorectal cancer is crucial for improving outcomes and reducing mortality. While there is strong evidence of effectiveness, currently adopted screening methods present several shortcomings which negatively impact the detection of early stage carcinogenesis, including low uptake due to patient discomfort. As a result, developing novel, non-invasive alternatives is an important research priority. Recent advancements in the field of breathomics, the study of breath composition and analysis, have paved the way for new avenues for non-invasive cancer detection and effective monitoring. Harnessing the utility of Volatile Organic Compounds in exhaled breath, breathomics has the potential to disrupt colorectal cancer screening practices. Our goal is to outline key research efforts in this area focusing on machine learning methods used for the analysis of breathomics data, highlight challenges involved in artificial intelligence application in this context, and suggest possible future directions which are currently considered within the framework of the European project ONCOSCREEN.
Personalized Physical Activity Programs for the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis in Individuals with Obesity: A Patient-Centered Approach
Authors: Zmerly Hassan , Milanese Chiara , El Ghoch Marwan , Itani Leila , Tannir Hana , Kreidieh Dima , Yumuk Volkan , Pellegrini Massimo
Published: December 2023

Physical activity (PA) plays a vital role in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) management. However, engaging individuals with KOA in regular exercise is challenging, especially when they are affected by obesity. The aim of the current review is to elucidate how to increase adherence to exercise in this population. When implementing a PA program with patients with KOA and obesity, a specific multi-step approach can be adopted. In phase I (the baseline assessment), the patients’ eligibility for exercise is ascertained and a physical fitness assessment, sarcopenic obesity screening and quantification of the pain experienced are undertaken. Phase II adopts a patient-centered approach in implementing a PA program that combines an active lifestyle (>6000 steps/day) with land- or water-based exercise programs performed over eight to twelve weeks, with a frequency of three to five sessions per week, each lasting 60 min. In phase III, several strategies can be used to increase the patients’ adherence to higher levels of PA, including the following: (i) personalizing PA goal-setting and real-time monitoring; (ii) enhancing physical fitness and the management of sarcopenic obesity; (iii) building a sustainable environment and a supportive social network for an active lifestyle; and (iv) reducing pain, which can ameliorate the clinical severity of KOA and help with weight management in this population.
Correction: Hartley et al. BVLOS Unmanned Aircraft Operations in Forest Environments. Drones 2022, 6, 167
Authors: Hartley Robin John ap Lewis , Henderson Isaac Levi , Jackson Chris Lewis
Published: December 2023

In the original publication, there was a mistake in the legend for Table 1 [...]
Assessing Fiscal Sustainability in the Landscape of Economics Research
Authors: Marín-Rodríguez Nini Johana , Gonzalez-Ruiz Juan David , Botero Sergio
Published: December 2023

This scientometric analysis delves into the current trajectory and anticipated prospects of assessing fiscal sustainability, emphasizing methodologies, trends, and pivotal literature in this critical economic realm. This study analyzed 324 studies from Scopus and Web of Science databases to generate the dataset through scientometric networks, using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix tools. Through a comprehensive review of scientific literature, this research traces the developmental trajectory of fiscal sustainability, trend topics, influential studies, and key contributors employing bibliometric and scientometric tools. The study maps the landscape of fiscal sustainability exploration, underscoring an evolving shift towards interdisciplinary methods encompassing environmental, social, and political factors. Furthermore, the keywords analysis accentuates three emergent trends, mainly (i) the relation between fiscal sustainability and economic growth, (ii) the methodologies and models for assessing fiscal sustainability, and (iii) demographic concerns and their impact on fiscal sustainability. This research provides insights into the evolving terrain of fiscal sustainability exploration and anticipates promising avenues for further studies. The examination reveals the significance of methodologies such as panel data, multicointegration analysis, probabilistic debt analysis, Markov-switching models, and wavelets analysis in assessing fiscal sustainability. By offering a comprehensive overview, this analysis aspires to direct forthcoming inquiries and contribute to the ongoing discussion surrounding the assessment of fiscal stability.
SDR-Based Portable System for Evaluating Exposure to Ambient Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Tuta Leontin , Panait-Radu Florentina , Ardelean Felix , Gorgoteanu Damian , Rosu Georgiana
Published: December 2023

This paper discusses the need to accurately determine the population’s exposure to low-intensity radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from modern technologies like mobile networks, Wi-Fi, and IoT and proposes a practical solution for this assessment. There is no scientific consensus on the biological effects, mostly due to challenges in conducting accurate biological experiments. Recent research suggests that real-life exposure sources trigger stronger biological responses than laboratory-generated RF-EMF. However, there is a lack of research comparing the effects of these sources. This paper introduces a portable system for assessing and monitoring EMF exposure in urban areas. Employing a Software-Defined Radio (SDR) platform to ensure adaptability, the system incorporates two measurement configurations. The initial version concentrates on determining the average power within a 20 MHz Wi-Fi channel, whereas the subsequent configuration augments its functionality by introducing a frequency sweep. This sweep broadens the scrutinized bandwidth, thereby enriching the captured data content through the storage of spectrum sweeps corresponding to each average power value. These data can be used to create EMF profile maps based on individuals’ geographical coordinates. Compared to current limited-performance commercial exposimeters, the proposed system offers expanded capabilities by broadening the frequency bandwidth, georeferencing measurements, and storing data in an SQL database. Compared to high-performance commercial exposimeters, the major advantage of the system is its ability to detect short-term fluctuations in signal spectra and store the corresponding data for subsequent analysis.
Advancing Renewable Energy: An Experimental Study of a Switched-Inductor, Switched-Capacitor Luo Boost Converter for Low-Voltage Applications
Authors: Ertekin Davut , Baltacı Kübra , Çelebi Mehmet
Published: December 2023

Photovoltaic (PV), battery, and fuel cell (FC) technologies are emerging forms of renewable energy gaining popularity. However, one of the key limitations is their production of direct current (DC) voltage, which hinders the connectivity and integration with the electrical grid. To address this issue, various DC/DC boost converters have been introduced. This study presents an innovative Luo converter with a switched-inductor–capacitor (SLC) cell at the input and a switched-capacitor (SC) cell at the output. The SLC cell not only increases the input voltage, but also enhances the source’s lifespan and reliability. The SC cell further amplifies the voltage, especially for high-gain applications. The proposed converter simplifies control processes by using a single power switch, significantly boosting the input voltage by 21 times with a duty ratio of 0.8. This surpasses the gains achieved by conventional boost converters by over fourfold and Luo converters by sevenfold. The second challenge when a converter is connected to these voltage sources is the potential reduction in the lifespan of the sources and the overall system due to large input current ripples. The proposed converter addresses this issue by incorporating a switched-capacitor cell on the input side. This cell charges the inductors in parallel and discharges them in series, reducing the magnitude of the input current. Another advantage of the proposed converter is its simplicity, as it employs only one power switch, minimizing the complexity of the controller system. Additionally, the distribution of the output voltage passing through the diodes between the switch and output capacitor helps mitigate voltage stress for all semiconductor devices and capacitors. The study includes thorough mathematical analyses, simulations, and laboratory tests to validate the research’s theoretical foundations.
Research on Magnetic-Thermal-Force Multi-Physical Field Coupling of a High-Frequency Transformer with Different Winding Arrangements
Authors: Li Bofan , Zhang Pengning , Li Pengyang , Liu Ze , Li Wei , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2023

In order to clarify the magnetic-thermal-force changing rule of high-frequency transformers under different winding arrangements, this paper tests the magnetization and loss characteristics of nanocrystalline materials at different temperatures, and based on the magnetization and loss data, establishes a magnetic-thermal-force coupling calculation model of 15 kVA, 5 kHz nanocrystalline high-frequency transformers, and calculates and analyzes the magnetic flux density, loss and temperature rise distributions of high-frequency transformers with three different winding arrangements under no-load and short-circuit conditions, respectively. Through comparative analysis, it was found that under no-load conditions, the cross-transposition of winding has less influence on the magnetic flux of the high-frequency transformer core, but it can reduce the iron-core loss and transformer temperature rise. The cross-transposition of winding under short-circuit conditions can significantly reduce the leakage magnetic field strength of high-frequency transformers; complete cross-transposition weakens the high-frequency transformer losses and temperature rise better than partial cross-transposition. According to the winding current density and core leakage field distribution under short-circuit conditions, we calculated and analyzed the distribution of its the axial and radial electromagnetic forces. The results show that the axial electromagnetic force causes the winding to be squeezed from both ends to the middle, the radial electromagnetic force causes the primary winding to shrink inward and the secondary winding to expand outward, so cross-transposition can greatly reduce electromagnetic force and weakening the deformation of the winding. Therefore, high-frequency transformers of winding cross-transposed should be used in actual projects to reduce transformer temperature rise and improve efficiency and security. This research has theoretical significance for the multi-physical field coupling of high-frequency transformers and its structural design.
Predicting Maps Using In-Vehicle Cameras for Data-Driven Intelligent Transport
Authors: Ma Zhiguo , Zhang Yutong , Han Meng
Published: December 2023

Bird’s eye view (BEV) semantic maps have evolved into a crucial element of urban intelligent traffic management and monitoring, offering invaluable visual and significant data representations for informed intelligent city decision making. Nevertheless, current methodologies continue underutilizing the temporal information embedded within dynamic frames throughout the BEV feature transformation process. This limitation results in decreased accuracy when mapping high-speed moving objects, particularly in capturing their shape and dynamic trajectory. A framework is proposed for cross-view semantic segmentation to address this challenge, leveraging simulated environments as a starting point before applying it to real-life urban imaginative transportation scenarios. The view converter module is thoughtfully designed to collate information from multiple initial view observations captured from various angles and modes. This module outputs a top-down view semantic graph characterized by its object space layout to preserve beneficial temporal information in BEV transformation. The NuScenes dataset is used to evaluate model effectiveness. A novel application is also devised that harnesses transformer networks to map images and video sequences into top-down or comprehensive bird’s-eye views. By combining physics-based and constraint-based formulations and conducting ablation studies, the approach has been substantiated, highlighting the significance of context above and below a given point in generating these maps. This innovative method has been thoroughly validated on the NuScenes dataset. Notably, it has yielded state-of-the-art instantaneous mapping results, with particular benefits observed for smaller dynamic category displays. The experimental findings include comparing axial attention with the state-of-the-art (SOTA) model, demonstrating the performance enhancement associated with temporal awareness.
Real-Time Low-Light Imaging in Space Based on the Fusion of Spatial and Frequency Domains
Authors: Wu Jiaxin , Zhang Haifeng , Li Biao , Duan Jiaxin , Li Qianxi , He Zeyu , Cao Jianzhong , Wang Hao
Published: December 2023

Due to the low photon count in space imaging and the performance bottlenecks of edge computing devices, there is a need for a practical low-light imaging solution that maintains satisfactory recovery while offering lower network latency, reduced memory usage, fewer model parameters, and fewer operation counts. Therefore, we propose a real-time deep learning framework for low-light imaging. Leveraging the parallel processing capabilities of the hardware, we perform the parallel processing of the image data from the original sensor across branches with different dimensionalities. The high-dimensional branch conducts high-dimensional feature learning in the spatial domain, while the mid-dimensional and low-dimensional branches perform pixel-level and global feature learning through the fusion of the spatial and frequency domains. This approach ensures a lightweight network model while significantly improving the quality and speed of image recovery. To adaptively adjust the image based on brightness and avoid the loss of detailed pixel feature information, we introduce an adaptive balancing module, thereby greatly enhancing the effectiveness of the model. Finally, through validation on the SID dataset and our own low-light satellite dataset, we demonstrate that this method can significantly improve image recovery speed while ensuring image recovery quality.
Growth, Substrate, and Metabolite Changes of Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis in Soy (Tofu) Whey
Authors: Tindjau Ricco , Chua Jian-Yong , Liu Shao-Quan
Published: December 2023

Soy (tofu) whey is one of the two side-streams from tofu processing, which has been shown to be suitable for microbial growth. In this work, probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04 and B94 were used to ferment soy whey with different supplements to explore the possibility of harnessing Bifidobacterium fermentation to upcycle soy whey. Soy whey was supplemented with different supplements (control, CN; glucose, G; glucose + cysteine, GC; glucose + cysteine + yeast extract, GCY) and inoculated with either B. lactis Bl-04 or B94. Growth, substrate utilization, and metabolic products were monitored before and after fermentation. Bl-04 managed to grow in all four media, while B94 needed cysteine to grow. The contents of sucrose, cysteine, methionine, and succinic acid decreased in the fermented samples. Acetic and lactic acids were produced in fermented soy whey ranging from 0.49–2.66 g/L and 0.58–2.88 g/L, respectively, with vitamin B12 at 2.06–4.56 μg/L. Increases in isoflavone aglycones (0.19–25.05 mg/L) and iron (0.03–0.12 mg/L) were observed. The PCA analysis of volatiles showed a distinct clustering due to short-chain fatty acids (acetic, butyric, and isovaleric acid), 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl), H2S, and 3-methylthiophene. Overall, the selection of suitable bifidobacterial strains and supplements for soy whey fermentation can open avenues to upcycle soy whey.
Effect of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seed Extracts on the Structure of Myofibrillar Protein Oxidation in Duck Meat
Authors: Chen Mingyue , Pan Qingmei , Wu Binbin , Wang Hongxun , Yi Yang , Xu Wei , Guo Danjun
Published: December 2023

The effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed extracts (FSEs) on the structure of duck myofibrillar protein (MP) oxidation was researched via particle size, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), fluorescence spectroscopy, SDS-PAGE, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the Fenton oxidation system. FSE (0.3 mg/mL) could scavenge 58.79% of the hydroxyl radical and possessed good antioxidation. FSE could retard the oxidation of MP, and the carbonyl formation and total sulfhydryl loss of MP decreased by 42.00% and 105.94%, respectively, after 4.67% of FSE treatment. SDS-PAGE results showed that 0.67% and 2.67% of FSE decreased the strength of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) and actin bands of the oxidized MP, respectively. The FSE changed the secondary structures of the MP and promoted the unfolding of the MP structure and the transformation from α-helix to β-turn. When treated with 0.67% of FSE, the hydrophobicity of the MP declined by 26.14%, and solubility was improved by 37.21% compared with the oxidation group. After 0.67% of FSE treatment, the particle size and zeta potential of the MP returned to the level of the blank group. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that FSE improved the apparent morphology of the MP. Overall, FSE had positive effects on the antioxidation of the duck MP, and it could improve the structure and characteristics of the MP. It is hoped that FSE could be considered as a natural antioxidant to retard the oxidation of the MP in meat products.
Unlocking Flavor Potential Using Microbial β-Glucosidases in Food Processing
Authors: Muradova Mariam , Proskura Alena , Canon Francis , Aleksandrova Irina , Schwartz Mathieu , Heydel Jean-Marie , Baranenko Denis , Nadtochii Liudmila , Neiers Fabrice
Published: December 2023

Aroma is among of the most important criteria that indicate the quality of food and beverage products. Aroma compounds can be found as free molecules or glycosides. Notably, a significant portion of aroma precursors accumulates in numerous food products as nonvolatile and flavorless glycoconjugates, termed glycosidic aroma precursors. When subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, these seemingly inert, nonvolatile glycosides undergo transformation into fragrant volatiles or volatiles that can generate odor-active compounds during food processing. In this context, microbial β-glucosidases play a pivotal role in enhancing or compromising the development of flavors during food and beverage processing. β-glucosidases derived from bacteria and yeast can be utilized to modulate the concentration of particular aroma and taste compounds, such as bitterness, which can be decreased through hydrolysis by glycosidases. Furthermore, oral microbiota can influence flavor perception by releasing volatile compounds that can enhance or alter the perception of food products. In this review, considering the glycosidic flavor precursors present in diverse food and beverage products, we underscore the significance of glycosidases with various origins. Subsequently, we delve into emerging insights regarding the release of aroma within the human oral cavity due to the activity of oral microbial glycosidases.
Challenges and Prospects of Plant-Protein-Based 3D Printing
Authors: Mittal Shivani , Bhuiyan Md. Hafizur Rahman , Ngadi Michael O.
Published: December 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a rapidly developing additive manufacturing technique consisting of the deposition of materials layer-by-layer to produce physical 3D structures. The technique offers unique opportunities to design and produce new products that cater to consumer experience and nutritional requirements. In the past two decades, a wide range of materials, especially plant-protein-based materials, have been documented for the development of personalized food owing to their nutritional and environmental benefits. Despite these benefits, 3D printing with plant-protein-based materials present significant challenges because there is a lack of a comprehensive study that takes into account the most relevant aspects of the processes involved in producing plant-protein-based printable items. This review takes into account the multi-dimensional aspects of processes that lead to the formulation of successful printable products which includes an understanding of rheological characteristics of plant proteins and 3D-printing parameters, as well as elucidating the appropriate concentration and structural hierarchy that are required to maintain stability of the substrate after printing. This review also highlighted the significant and most recent research on 3D food printing with a wide range of plant proteins. This review also suggests a future research direction of 3D printing with plant proteins.
Active and Intelligent Biodegradable Packaging Based on Anthocyanins for Preserving and Monitoring Protein-Rich Foods
Authors: Zhu Bifen , Zhong Yu , Wang Danfeng , Deng Yun
Published: December 2023

Currently, active and intelligent packaging has been developed to solve the spoilage problem for protein-rich foods during storage, especially by adding anthocyanin extracts. In such a film system, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties were dramatically increased by adding anthocyanins. The physicochemical properties were enhanced through interactions between the active groups in the anthocyanins and reactive groups in the polymer chains. Additionally, the active and intelligent film could monitor the spoilage of protein-rich foods in response to pH changes. Therefore, this film could monitor the sensory acceptance and extend the shelf life of protein-rich foods simultaneously. In this paper, the structural and functional properties of anthocyanins, composite actions of anthocyanin extracts and biomass materials, and reinforced properties of the active and intelligent film were discussed. Additionally, the applications of this film in quality maintenance, shelf-life extension, and quality monitoring for fresh meat, aquatic products, and milk were summarized. This film, which achieves high stability and the continuous release of anthocyanins on demand, may become an underlying trend in packaging applications for protein-rich foods.
Effect of Apple Cultivar and Selected Technological Treatments on the Quality of Apple Distillate
Authors: Balcerek Maria , Pielech-Przybylska Katarzyna , Dziekońska-Kubczak Urszula , Bartosik Anita
Published: December 2023

Apple producers are looking for new markets to dispose of their harvest surpluses. One of the solutions may be the production of apple spirits by small distilleries. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of apple cultivars and technological treatments, i.e., pasteurization, depectinization, and deacidification, on the fermentation efficiency and quality of the distillates. Samples for fermentation were prepared from Polish apple cultivars (Antonówka, Delikates, Kosztela, Kronselska). The control samples were raw pulp-based samples. After fermentation, the samples were analyzed for ethanol, residual sugars, and by-product content by the HPLC technique. The distillates were tested for volatile compounds by the GC-MS method and their sensory evaluation was performed. Raw pulp-based samples, independent of the apple cultivar, showed fermentation efficiencies between (75.77 ± 4.69)% and (81.36 ± 4.69)% of the theoretical yield. Depectinization of apple pulp prior to fermentation resulted in the highest ethanol concentration and yield up to approximately 89%. All tested apple distillates were rich in volatile aroma compounds and met the requirements of the EU regulation for hydrogen cyanide content. The obtained results indicate that the tested apple cultivars can be used for the efficient production of apple spirits, providing producers with an opportunity for brand development.
Present Climate Change as a Threat to Geoheritage: The Wildfire in Bohemian Switzerland National Park and Its Use in Place-Based Learning
Authors: Boháč Artur , Drápela Emil
Published: December 2023

Bohemian Switzerland is a national park in Northern Czechia famous for its sandstone rocks, which were affected by a massive fire in 2022. Specific geomorphology of the region affected the spreading of the fire and complicated its extinguishing. The fire directly or indirectly damaged several geosites in Bohemian Switzerland. The catastrophe brought a possibility of showing the unique connection between geoheritage and present climate change and increasing awareness about the problems. The text is focused on field education of geography, striving to strengthen environmental awareness among students through educating their teachers. The research is based on desk research, field observation and didactic principles application. The causes of the fire were complex, including physical geographical (drought and bark beetle calamity within climate change) and human geographical phenomena (mass tourism and tourist misbehavior, inappropriate forestry practices). The teachers we worked with reached similar conclusions at the end of our course. Our fieldwork educational concept proved viable and was appreciated by them mainly thanks to the incorporation of research-based learning and the absence of unnatural emphasis on climate change. Climate change is a politicized topic, bringing controversies to the classrooms in the peripheral region. The approach we proposed is anchored in inquiry-based methods and touches on the issue indirectly.
A Feature-Informed Data-Driven Approach for Predicting Maximum Flood Inundation Extends
Authors: Schmid Felix , Leandro Jorge
Published: December 2023

As climate change increases the occurrences of extreme weather events, like flooding threaten humans more often. Hydrodynamic models provide spatially distributed water depths as inundation maps, which are essential for flood protection. Such models are not computationally efficient enough to deliver results before or during an event. To ensure real-time prediction, we developed a feature-informed data-driven forecast system (FFS), which interpreted the forecasting process as an image-to-image translation, to predict the maximum water depth for a fluvial flood event. The FFS combines a convolutional neural network (CNN) and feature-informed dense layers to allow the integration of the distance to the river of each cell to be predicted into the FFS. The aim is to ensure training for the whole study area on a standard computer. A hybrid database with pre-simulated scenarios is used to train, validate, and test the FFS. The FFS delivers predictions within seconds making a real-time application possible. The quality of prediction compared with the results of the pre-simulated physically-based model shows an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.052 for thirty-five test events, and of 0.074 and 0.141 for two observed events. Thus, the FFS provides an efficient alternative to hydrodynamic models for flood forecasting.
A Novel Approach to Assess the Influence of Rockfall Source Areas: The Case Study of Bardonecchia (Italy)
Authors: Milan Lorenzo , Napoli Maria Lia , Barbero Monica , Castelli Marta
Published: December 2023

In this research article, we propose a practical methodology for evaluating the affecting potential of detachment areas in rockfalls. Our innovative approach combines an assessment of the visibility of rockfall source areas, with reference to specific rockfall scenarios and elements at risk, considering the rockfall Susceptibility Index to Failure (SIF) of these areas. The result is the characterization of source areas through a rockfall Source Affecting Index (SAI), which considers both the morphology of the slope and the geostructural conditions of the rock walls. This information can be very useful since it aids in optimizing more in-depth analyses, as well as the placement of monitoring instruments or stabilization systems. The proposed methodology has been implemented in the open-source software QGIS through the development of an easy-to-use plugin named Ranking of the Affecting Potential of Detachment Areas in Rockfalls, or “RADAR”. RADAR is designed to be used in conjunction with QPROTO, a well-known QGIS plugin for preliminary rockfall susceptibility/hazard analyses based on a visibility analysis and a simplified mechanical method. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, an application to a case study located in the Western Alps (Bardonecchia, Italy) is presented and discussed in the paper.
The Impact of Neighborhood Deprivation on the Survival Rates of Patients with Cancer in Korea
Authors: Jung Wonyoung , Shin Dong Wook , Jung Kyu-Won , Kim Dongjin , Park Juwon , Nari Fatima , Suh Mina
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between the neighborhood deprivation index and survival rates of cancer patients in Korea. In this study, 5-year age-standardized survival rates of patients with cancer were determined using the National Cancer Cohort from 2014 to 2018 in Korea. The primary cancer sites were the stomach, colorectum, liver, lung, breast, cervix, prostate, and thyroid. Disparities were measured, and their impact on the overall survival rates was assessed using the Korean version of the Neighborhood Deprivation Index. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the strength of the correlation. The study cohort comprised 726,665 patients with cancer, of whom 50.7% were male. The predominant primary cancer sites were the stomach (n = 138,462), colorectum (n = 125,156), and thyroid gland (n = 120,886). Urban residents showed better survival outcomes than those situated in rural areas. The most deprived quartile had the lowest survival rate, while the least deprived quartile had the highest (p < 0.001). Most cancer types revealed significant correlations between neighborhood deprivation and 5-year age-standardized overall survival, with lung cancer showing the most substantial negative correlation (r = −0.510), followed by prostate cancer (r = −0.438). However, thyroid cancer showed only a marginal correlation (p = 0.069). The results of this study suggested that neighborhood deprivation is closely linked to disparities in overall survival across various types of cancer. A substantial negative correlation between the neighborhood deprivation index and all-cause mortality for lung and prostate cancer, as compared to breast and cervical cancers covered by the National Cancer Screening Program, may reinforce the need to address healthcare access and improve the early detection of cancer in socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods.
Clinical Applications of Virtual Reality in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chaplin Elizabeth , Karatzios Christos , Benaim Charles
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: VR is based on a virtual world that creates sounds effects and videos that replace the real environment. Arising literature shows VR efficacy in the field of neurological rehabilitation (NR) and that its use is also taking a place in musculoskeletal rehabilitation (MSR), as a treatment of various disorders that cause disability and chronic pain. (2) Aim: We discuss the role of VR in MSR, presenting its use and development on acute and chronic musculoskeletal disorders, based on the most recent literature. (3) Design and Methods: Literature searches were conducted in the databases Pubmed and Medline up to 30 September 2023. The PRISMA-Scr Checklist was followed. (4) Results: A total of 51 records were included. The analysed studies were conducted within a variety of populations, musculoskeletal disorders, settings, and VR technologies. Only a few studies could statistically affirm the efficacy of VR in MSR, as mentioned for the rehabilitation of the upper limb. Nevertheless, the observed trend is an improvement of the global perceived effect compared to traditional rehabilitation. (5) Conclusion: VR allows for the personalisation of treatment with an adaptable treatment platform, which may improve the participation of the patient and increase acceptability and adherence to long-term rehabilitation programs. We provide recommendations and suggestions for future research and use of VR in musculoskeletal rehabilitation.