bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The most optimal school recruitment strategies for school‐based obesity prevention and health promotion research in the United States: A systematic review with Delphi study
Authors: Cepni Aliye B. , Vilson Reshma , Helbing Rachel R. , Walsh David W. , Johnston Craig A. , Yoon Cynthia Y. , Hughes Sheryl O. , Ledoux Tracey A.
Published: July 2024

This systematic review with the Delphi study aimed to identify effective and resource‐efficient (optimal) strategies for recruiting schools into health promotion interventions in the United States. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL (EBSCO). A total of 116 interventions reported in 160 articles were included. Most school‐based interventions did not report data regarding school recruitment duration (81%), target school size (63%), and school recruitment strategies (78%). Further, no details were provided regarding the reasons for declining to participate despite being eligible. For the Delphi, responses from 23 researchers in school‐based clinical trials were collected. A qualitative descriptive approach was used for coding responses and collapsed into higher‐order categories based on school recruitment strategies. Delphi participants reported that (1) creating new or leveraging pre‐existing partnerships, (2) intervention champion, (3) minimal school disruptions, (4) working with open mind/flexibility, and (5) transparent communication are the most optimal school recruitment strategies. Staff time and travel were the most frequently reported costs for implementing those strategies. The overall trend in school‐based obesity prevention intervention studies illustrates the importance of a better understanding school recruitment. Improved reporting can allow researchers to budget their time and resources better and provide greater confidence in reaching their target school size.
The effect of diet and temperature on life‐history traits and sexual size dimorphism in a capital‐breeding moth
Authors: Seifert Carlo L.
Published: July 2024

In insects, temperature and diet quality during larval development are two fundamental factors affecting key life history traits that, in turn, determine an individuals' fitness. Life‐history theory predicts that within species, individuals attain larger sizes when developing under colder temperatures (i.e., temperature—size rule) or on high‐quality diet (i.e., allowing for more effective resource acquisition and development). Here, I studied how temperature and host‐plant identity affect growth rate, larval development time and size at maturity in Aglia tau L. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Agliinae), a univoltine capital breeding moth. I further examined whether and to what extent these environmental variables influence the degree of sexual size dimorphism. Caterpillars were reared under two contrasting temperature regimes (constantly 18 and 23°C) and fed with three natural host plants, that is, Carpinus betulus L. (Betulaceae), Fagus sylvatica L. (Fagaceae) and Prunus padus L. (Rosaceae). A full‐factorial analysis of variance design was used to test for effects of temperature and host identity on life history traits and to account for possible interactive effects. Contrary to theory, the body sizes of males and females were maintained at higher temperatures or even increased when reared on the highest quality host plant (Prunus padus). As predicted, the high‐quality host allowed for overall larger body sizes in both sexes and further resulted in a higher degree of sexual size dimorphism. The study highlights the need to account for diet effects when studying temperature‐induced life history responses in insects and to consider further traits that may influence species‐specific reaction norms.
Photosynthetic performance of the red algae Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis under high seawater pH: Excess reactive oxygen production due to carbon limitation
Authors: Xu Hongjun , Pang Tong , Zhang Litao , Liu Jianguo
Published: July 2024

The red algae Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is extensively cultivated at high densities, leading to significant increases in regional seawater pH due to its photosynthetic removal of inorganic carbon. We conducted a study on G. lemaneiformis cultured under various pH conditions (normal pH, pH 9.3, and pH 9.6) and light levels (dark and 100 μmol photons m−2 s−1) to investigate how high pH seawater environments affect the metabolic processes of G. lemaneiformis. The high pH did not directly damage the photosynthetic light reactions or the Calvin cycle. Instead, the observed reduction in photosynthetic rates was primarily due to CO2 limitation. However, under illuminated conditions, a high pH environment leads to a decrease in electron transport efficiency (ETo/RC) and reaction center density (RC/CSo), while simultaneously increasing the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Under illuminated conditions, the limitation of inhibit the photosynthetic electron transport process, leading to energy imbalance and excessive production of reactive oxygen species, which in turn resulted in lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane. This might be one of the inducing factors responsible for the bleaching in sea‐farmed G. lemaneiformis plants.
Aberrant neural oscillations in poststroke aphasia
Authors: Lu Yeyun , Mao Lin , Wang Peng , Wang Cuicui , Hartwigsen Gesa , Zhang Ye
Published: July 2024

Neural oscillations are electrophysiological indicators of synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Recent work suggests aberrant patterns of neuronal activity in patients with poststroke aphasia. Yet, there is a lack of systematic explorations of neural oscillations in poststroke aphasia. Investigating changes in the dynamics of neuronal activity after stroke may be helpful to identify neural markers of aphasia and language recovery and increase the current understanding of successful language rehabilitation. This review summarizes research on neural oscillations in poststroke aphasia and evaluates their potential as biomarkers for specific linguistic processes. We searched the literature through PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO, and selected 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Our analyses focused on neural oscillation activity in each frequency band, brain connectivity, and therapy‐induced changes during language recovery. Our review highlights potential neurophysiological markers; however, the literature remains confounded, casting doubt on the reliability of these findings. Future research must address these confounds to confirm the robustness of cross‐study findings on neural oscillations in poststroke aphasia.
A discussion on coloniality and global social theory
Authors: Boatcă Manuela , Meghji Ali
Published: July 2024

The conversation between Ali Meghji and Manuela Boatcă focuses on how modernity/coloniality may (or may not) be a productive sociological concept in the remit of global social theory and wider political movements. Speaking from within different locations in the imperial core (England and Germany respectively), we discuss how the concept of modernity/coloniality has traveled over to our respective European contexts, and the ways it has informed our sociological approaches to matters such as inter‐imperiality, creolization, decolonization, global racisms and anti‐racisms, and historical sociology. The conversational approach is meant to tease out the multiple ways that modernity/coloniality can inform different—albeit related—aspects of sociological work, and also the varying contexts from which global social theory can be produced.
Social science Eurocentrism in the land of universalism: An introduction to French blindness
Authors: Dufoix Stéphane
Published: July 2024

From the late 18th century onwards, France has delivered a universalistic discourse about politics, society, rights and also science. The emergence of social science largely confirmed this trend. Nowadays the growing challenging of Eurocentrism that has become more and more visible since the early 1990s remains most often untranslated, untaught, uninvestigated and undebated. The disciplinary structure of the university as well as the lingering isolationism of French social science accounts for part of this situation, the latter requires some further explanations. If some opening has recently been visible in the field of gender, race and discriminations, it has usually meant a greater influence of some—White or Black—American anthropologists, sociologist or philosophers, but hardly ever of non‐Western thinkers. The very issue of a social science canon is not even raised. The main reason for this is the weight of French neo‐republicanism as it was born in the early 1990s at the very same time when anti‐Eurocentric alternatives discourses became more widely heard. It results in a persistent denial of these discourses as being scientific and a widespread ignorance of them in the academic field.
Parents’ differential trait, mental state, and coping talk about White and Black child storybook characters
Authors: Fraser Ashley M. , Reschke Peter J. , Busby Andrea K. , Takamasa Emily J. , Jasperson Jennie , Sycamore Bethany
Published: July 2024

Limited literature has examined parents’ unsolicited trait, mental state, and coping talk about media characters by race as they co‐view with their children. We observed 195 US parents describing an illustrated depiction of racialized social exclusion for their child (53% male; Mage = 5.46 years; 60% White) in their home setting. Families discussed a Black child being excluded by White children or a White child being excluded by Black children. Parents’ victim, emotion, personality, and coping talk about the excluded child were coded. Parents were more likely to use victim talk (e.g., “she's being excluded”) and emotion talk (e.g., “she's sad”) when the excluded child was Black and were more likely to use personality talk (e.g., “she's shy”) when the excluded child was White. We further explored parents’ demographic, personal, and neighborhood correlates with their trait, mental state, and coping talk. White parents with greater levels of egalitarian attitudes used more victim talk and coping talk (e.g., “she should go play with them”) about the White excluded child. Being more politically conservative was associated with White parents using more coping talk about the Black excluded child. White parents living in predominantly Black neighborhoods were less likely to use victim talk toward the Black child. BIPOC parents showed more nuanced patterns. These findings suggest that parents’ unsolicited racial messaging varies by racial identification, sociodemographic characteristics, and neighborhood context.
Evaluation test and analysis of a microneedle and iontophoresis based medical device “CELLADEEP Patch” in skin improvement on ex vivo human‐derived skin tissue models
Authors: Zhang Xin Rui , Jin Yong Xun , Chien Pham Ngoc , Tien Trinh Thi Thuy , Zhou Shu Yi , Giang Nguyen Ngan , Le Linh Thi Thuy , Nam Sun Young , Heo Chan Yeong
Published: July 2024

Background

Microneedles are tiny needles, typically ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers in length, used in various medical procedures and treatments. The tested medical device named “CELLADEEP Patch” a dissolvable microneedle therapy system (MTS), made of hyaluronic acid and collagen. And the iontophoresis technique is also applied in the system. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the “CELLADEEP Patch” in skin improvement.

Methods

Ex vivo human‐derived skin tissue models were used in this study and they were divided into three different groups, namely, the Untreated Group, the Negative Control Group, and the Test Group respectively. The Untreated Group received no treatment measures, the Negative Control Group was exposed to ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) irradiation, and the Test Group was exposed to UVB irradiation and treated with “CELLADEEP Patch”. Skin moisture content, transdermal water loss, and skin elasticity were evaluated by three clinical devices. Additionally, histological staining and related mRNA expression levels were also analyzed.

Results

The results of skin moisture content, transdermal water loss, and skin elasticity evaluation consistently illustrated that the application of “CELLADEEP Patch” led to remarkable skin improvement. And the analysis of histological staining images also confirmed the effectiveness of the “CELLADEEP Patch”, especially for increasing collagen density. Moreover, the upregulation of Collagen type 1 a (COL1A1) and hyaluronan synthase 3 mRNA expression and the decrease of Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1) and Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) mRNA expression reflected its wrinkle improvement, moisturizing and anti‐inflammation function.

Conclusion

“CELLADEPP Patch”, the MTS combined with the iontophoresis technique, exhibits its effectiveness in moisturizing, skin elasticity improvement, and anti‐inflammatory function when applied to ex vivo human‐derived skin tissue models in experiments. The study has contributed to the understanding of the “CELLADEPP Patch” and laid the foundation for subsequent animal experiments and clinical trials.
Gut microbiota, skin microbiota, and alopecia areata: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Zishun , Zhao Changpu , Chen Renwu , Li Meiling , Wang Fei , Hao Chenyuan , Li Rongzhi , Zhang Yu , Xu Yuying
Published: July 2024

Background

Observational studies have shown an association between skin microbiota and alopecia areata (AA), but the causal connection remains ambiguous.

Methods

We obtained data on skin microbiota and AA from summary statistics of Genome‐Wide Association Studies and applied statistical methods from Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess causal relationships. Additionally, we investigated whether the skin microbiota acts as a mediator in the pathway from gut microbiota to AA.

Results

In the MR analysis of KORA FF4 and AA, the inverse‐variance weighting method indicated that Corynebacterium (odds ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70–0.96, p = 0.02) and asv037 (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76–0.99, p = 0.05) exerted protective effects, while Betaproteobacteria (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01–1.44, p = 0.03), asv015 (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05–1.54, p = 0.02), and Burkholderiales (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04–1.38, p = 0.01) were identified as risk factors in AA. In the MR analysis of PopGen and AA, asv001 (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01–1.24, p = 0.04), asv054 (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01–1.25, p = 0.03), and asv059 (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02–1.27, p = 0.02) were found to potentially increase the risk in AA. Furthermore, in the influence of gut microbiota on AA, the skin microbiota did not act as a mediator.

Conclusion

Our analysis suggests potential causal relationships between certain skin microbiota and AA, revealing insights into its pathogenesis and potential intervention strategies.
The relationship between psoriasis and vitiligo: From a comprehensive study
Authors: Li Junchen , Shen Qian , Wang Yingdong , Guo Chenqi , Ma Yuxiao , Zhang Yu
Published: July 2024

Background

Both psoriasis and vitiligo are autoimmune skin diseases. Previous observational studies have indicated a relationship between the two conditions, and simultaneous onset of both diseases poses increased health risks to patients. However, limited research has explored the causal relationship between psoriasis and vitiligo.

Objectives

To investigate whether a causal association exists between psoriasis and vitiligo.

Methods

A case of Chinese patients diagnosed with psoriasis and vitiligo has been reported. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on normal, psoriasis, vitiligo, and co‐morbid skin tissues of the patients, and single‐cell transcriptome sequencing was conducted on the co‐morbid skin tissues. A comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis of Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) was performed on a cohort of 261 018 European individuals with psoriasis from the IEU Open GWAS Project and vitiligo from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes.

Results

Case report and transcriptome results showed that skin tissue with vitiligo combined with psoriasis exhibited both vitiligo and psoriasis. Single‐cell transcriptome sequencing results showed that in comparison to normal skin and psoriatic skin, the proportions of CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, naive T cells, T helper cells 17, regulatory T cells, conventional type 1 dendritic cells, Conventional type 2 dendritic cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells were all increased in skin tissue with vitiligo combined with psoriasis. Mendelian randomization analysis included 4510 patients with psoriasis and 4680 patients with vitiligo. The results showed no causal relationship between vitiligo and psoriasis in the forward direction (p = 0.192; odds ratio [OR], 1.059; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.971–1.155) or in the reverse direction (p = 0.459; OR, 0.927; 95% CI, 0.757–1.134).

Conclusions

This study suggests that the association between psoriasis and vitiligo may be closely related to immunity, however, Mendelian randomization studies do not support a causal relationship. These findings hold significant implications for clinicians aiming to enhance their understanding and treatment approaches for psoriasis and vitiligo.
The problem of the variable in Quine's perspicuous lingua franca of the sciences
Authors: Day Ivory
Published: July 2024

Some 55 years after the publication of Russell's seminal ‘On Denoting’, Quine adopted the theory of definite descriptions presented therein to formulate his perspicuous lingua franca for the sciences. This paper illustrates how, in so doing, Quine's lingua franca inherited an old antinomy at the core of Russell's theory of definite descriptions, specifically, the lack of congruency between notation and metaphysical commitments when the variable assumes the role of fundamental singular reference. In this context, the paper contends that the phrase ‘to be is purely and simply to be the value of the variable’ is far from the straightforward solution Quine initially envisioned for his lingua franca. Additionally, it argues that it is unlikely that an attempt to account for a determinate object theory, such as those propounded by Russell and Quine, can prove successful when grounded in a referential theory of quantificational logic where the variable, seen as a simple range of values, holds fundamental singular referent‐position. The paper concludes by suggesting that Meinong's object theory could resolve the problem of the variable, albeit at the cost of potentially undesirable ontological and logical commitments. Alternatively, Kit Fine's recent work on other antinomies in the variable may provide a promising approach to exploring how to salvage the variable as a formal foundation for ontology.
PP2C phosphatase Pic14 negatively regulates tomato Pto/Prf‐triggered immunity by inhibiting MAPK activation
Authors: Chakraborty Joydeep , Sobol Guy , Xia Fan , Zhang Ning , Martin Gregory B. , Sessa Guido
Published: July 2024

Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are emerging as important regulators of plant immune responses, although little is known about how they might impact nucleotide‐binding, leucine‐rich repeat (NLR)‐triggered immunity (NTI). We discovered that expression of the PP2C immunity‐associated candidate 14 gene (Pic14) is induced upon activation of the Pto/Prf‐mediated NTI response in tomato. Pto/Prf recognizes the effector AvrPto translocated into plant cells by the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and activate a MAPK cascade and other responses which together confer resistance to bacterial speck disease. Pic14 encodes a PP2C with an N‐terminal kinase‐interacting motif (KIM) and a C‐terminal phosphatase domain. Upon inoculation with Pst‐AvrPto, Pto/Prf‐expressing tomato plants with loss‐of‐function mutations in Pic14 developed less speck disease, specifically in older leaves, compared to wild‐type plants. Transient expression of Pic14 in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato inhibited cell death typically induced by Pto/Prf and the MAPK cascade members M3Kα and Mkk2. The cell death‐suppressing activity of Pic14 was dependent on the KIM and the catalytic phosphatase domain. Pic14 inhibited M3Kα‐ and Mkk2‐mediated activation of immunity‐associated MAPKs and Pic14 was shown to be an active phosphatase that physically interacts with and dephosphorylates Mkk2 in a KIM‐dependent manner. Together, our results reveal Pic14 as an important negative regulator of Pto/Prf‐triggered immunity by interacting with and dephosphorylating Mkk2.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of English and Cultural Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1
Authors: Howard Nina
Published: July 2024

International Journal of English and Cultural Studies (IJECS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJECS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 1Abdelhamid M. Ahmed, Helwan University, EgyptAli Dabbagh, Gonbad Kavous University, IranAli Hashemi, Yazd University, IranEmmanuel Chibuzor Okereke, National Examinations Council, Enugu State Office, Enugu, NigeriaGillian Steinberg, SAR High School, USAHerman, University of HKBP Nommensen, IndonesiaNicolau Nkiawete Manuel, Agostinho Neto University, AngolaRoberto Gigliucci, Sapienza University of Rome, ItalyShashi Naidu, Ball State University, United StatesVesselina Anastasova Laskova, University of Udine, ItalyZhongfeng Huang, Beihang University, China
Design optimal neural network based on new LM training algorithm for solving 3D - PDEs
Authors: Ghazi Farah F. , Tawfiq Luma N. M.
Published: July 2024

In this article, we design an optimal neural network based on new LM training algorithm. The traditional algorithm of LM required high memory, storage and computational overhead because of it required the updated of Hessian approximations in each iteration. The suggested design implemented to converts the original problem into a minimization problem using feed forward type to solve non-linear 3D - PDEs. Also, optimal design is obtained by computing the parameters of learning with highly precise. Examples are provided to portray the efficiency and applicability of this technique. Comparisons with other designs are also conducted to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed design.
Advances in induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiac myocytes: technological breakthroughs, key discoveries and new applications
Authors: Clancy Colleen E. , Santana L. Fernando
Published: July 2024

A transformation is underway in precision and patient‐specific medicine. Rapid progress has been enabled by multiple new technologies including induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiac myocytes (iPSC‐CMs). Here, we delve into these advancements and their future promise, focusing on the efficiency of reprogramming techniques, the fidelity of differentiation into the cardiac lineage, the functional characterization of the resulting cardiac myocytes, and the many applications of in silico models to understand general and patient‐specific mechanisms controlling excitation–contraction coupling in health and disease. Furthermore, we explore the current and potential applications of iPSC‐CMs in both research and clinical settings, underscoring the far‐reaching implications of this rapidly evolving field.

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Melting Behavior Effect of MXene Nanoenhanced Phase Change Material on Energy and Exergy Analysis of Double and Triplex Tube Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Srivastava Utkarsh , Sahoo Rashmi Rekha
Published: July 2024

The impacts of melting behavior on the thermal performance of triple tube thermal energy storage (TT-TES) and double tube thermal energy storage (DT-TES) systems employing cetyl alcohol and 3% v/v. MXene nano-enhanced PCM (NEPCM) are compared and numerically evaluated in this work. For both the DT-TES and TT-TES systems, the following were investigated in connection to melting time: system efficiency, discharged energy, heat transfer rate, exergy destruction, entropy generation number, exergetic efficiency, melting fraction, and melting temperature contours. In addition, the effect of Stefan, Rayleigh, and Nusselt numbers on Fourier numbers are compared for the DT-TES and TT-TES systems with MXene NEPCM. MXene-based nano-enhanced PCM melting in TT-TES displayed 6.53% more Stefan number than cetyl alcohol. DT-TES with pure cetyl alcohol phase change material (PCM) consumes 0.4% more energy at 7800 s than MXene NEPCM. Pure melting of MXene-based nano-enhanced PCM in a TT-TES had 4.16% higher storage exergy than cetyl alcohol. The entropy generation number of pure melting of MXene-based nano-enhanced PCM in TT-TES is 7.93% lower than that of cetyl alcohol. Pure melting of MXene-based nano-enhanced PCM in TT-TES reduces storage energy by 1.95% over cetyl alcohol. Pure cetyl alcohol has 76.99% optimal system efficiency at 5400 s melting time and MXene NEPCM 77.04% at 4800 s in DT-TES. The charging temperature for pure cetyl alcohol PCM in TT-TES is 0.7% lower than in DT-TES. Furthermore, pure melting of MXene-based nano-enhanced PCM in a TT-TES has 1.95% lower storage energy than cetyl alcohol. For a given volume of MXene-based nano-enhanced cetyl alcohol PCM, melting occurs more rapidly in a TT-TES system.
Prestressing Estimation for Multilayer Clamping High Pressure Vessel Laminates
Authors: Xiao Zhengyan , Wang Xuesheng , Wang Hao , Cao Jiaming , Yuan Yuyang
Published: July 2024

The stresses on multilayer high pressure vessels during service have been extensively studied. However, there is still a lack of detailed and reliable theoretical analyses of a series of hidden problems in manufacturing, such as the prestressing of laminates during the manufacturing process and, where relevant, the initial inner cylinder thickness. In order to solve the problem of prestressing estimation for laminates, in this study, based on the assumption of uniform contact pressure, the equations for the interlaminar contact pressure as well as the residual circumferential stress expressed in terms of the initial circumferential stress of the laminate are derived and verified by finite element analysis (FEA). In the 16-layer model, the maximum positive deviation was +1.47%, and the maximum negative deviation was −0.08%. Theoretical equations show that each laminate layer can produce a larger residual compressive stress on the inner cylinder at a smaller circumferential stress, thus improving the fatigue performance of the multilayer vessels. As the number of layers increases, the inner cylinder may first experience external pressure destabilization, and thus the contact pressure P1 at the outer wall surface of the inner cylinder needs to be controlled to remain below the critical pressure Pcr of the inner cylinder.
Auxetic Structure Inspired Microneedle Arrays for Minimally Invasive Drug Delivery
Authors: Amer Maher , Fisher Christina , Small Georgia , Bullock Blake , Salinas Vero Vargas , Langford Jaden
Published: July 2024

Microneedle arrays (MNAs) are promising drug delivery tools aimed at lowering invasiveness and pain. Many design parameters are optimized to lower penetration force in MNAs. An important parameter is the microneedle width as that relates directly to the force required to penetrate the skin, the lower the width, the lower the penetration force needed. This research explored the use of auxetic structures known for having negative Poisson's ratio in the design of MNAs. As the needles are inserted, the compression on the needles causes their radial dimension to shrink instead of increasing as in positive Poisson's ratio structures. This study has shown a 25% reduction in penetration force due to using an auxetic structure instead of a conventional nonauxetic structure. The research employs additive manufacturing and soft molding to fabricate the MNAs. This study emphasizes the viability of using auxetic structures in MNA design.
Localization of Upstream Obstacles by Learning From Spectra of the Koopman Operator
Authors: Rodwell Colin , Tallapragada Phanindra
Published: July 2024

Objects moving in water or stationary objects in streams create a vortex wake. An underwater robot encountering the wake created by another body experiences disturbance forces and moments. These disturbances can be associated with the disturbance velocity field and the bodies creating them. Essentially, the vortex wakes encode information about the objects and the flow conditions. Underwater robots that often function with constrained sensing capabilities can benefit from extracting this information from vortex wakes. Many species of fish do exactly this, by sensing flow features using their lateral lines as part of their multimodal sensing capabilities. Besides the necessary sensing hardware, a more important aspect of sensing is related to the algorithms needed to extract the relevant information about the flow. This paper advances a framework for such an algorithm using the setting of a pitching hydrofoil in the wake of a thin plate (obstacle). Using time series pressure measurements on the surface of the hydrofoil and the angular velocity of the hydrofoil, a Koopman operator is constructed that propagates the time series forward in time. Multiple approaches are used to extract dynamic information from the Koopman operator to estimate the plate position and are bench marked against a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) applied directly to the time series. We find that using the Koopman operator for feature extraction improves the estimation accuracy compared to the CNN for the same purpose, enabling “blind” sensing using the lateral line.
Optimal Control for Thermal Management of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack With Koopman-Based Modeling
Authors: Huo Da , Hall Carrie M.
Published: July 2024

This study presents a novel approach to optimal control utilizing a Koopman operator integrated with a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to enhance the thermal management and power output efficiency of an open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack. First, a linear time-invariant dynamic model was derived through Koopman operator to forecast the behavior of the PEMFC stack. Second, this Koopman-based model was directly integrated with LQR for optimizing temperature, temperature variations, and output power efficiency of the PEMFC stack by regulating fan speed, with a physics-based model serving as the plant model. Finally, the performance of the Koopman-based LQRs (KLQR) was compared to a baseline proportional-integral (PI) controller across various ambient temperatures and operating conditions, focusing on temperature, temperature variations, and net power output. The results demonstrate the proposed Koopman-based approach can be seamless integration with linear optimal control algorithms, effectively minimizing temperature, temperature variations across the PEMFC stack, and the net power outputs under different ambient temperature and operating conditions.
Fracture Mechanics of Magnetoelectroelastic Materials and Structures: State of the Art and Prospects
Authors: Feng Wenjie , Yan Zhen , Ma Peng , Lv Chaofeng , Zhang Chuanzeng
Published: July 2024

Magnetoelectroelastic (MEE) materials and structures have been extensively applied in MEE devices such as sensors and transducers, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and smart structures. In order to assess the strength and durability of such materials and structures, exhaustive theoretical and numerical investigations have been conducted over the past two decades. The main purpose of this paper is to present a state-of-the-art review and a critical discussion on the research of the MEE fracture mechanics. Following an introduction, the basic theory of the fracture mechanics in the linear magnetoelectroelasticity is explained with special emphasis on the constitutive equations related to different fracture modes, magnetoelectrical (ME) crack-face boundary conditions and fracture parameters for 2D plane problems. Then, the state of the art of the research on the fracture mechanics of the MEE materials and structures is reviewed and summarized, including 2D anti-plane and in-plane as well as 3D analyses under both static and dynamic loadings. The ME effects on the fracture parameters are revealed and discussed. Moreover, numerical investigations based on the finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM), meshless methods and other novel methods are also reviewed for MEE fracture problems. Finally, some conclusions are drawn with several prospects to open questions and demanding future research topics. In particular, experimental observations are urgently needed to verify the validity of the theoretical predictions of the various fracture criteria. Another great challenge is to tackle the non-linear phenomena and domain switching in the fracture process zone.
High-Order Approximation to Caputo Derivative on Graded Mesh and Time-Fractional Diffusion Equation for Nonsmooth Solutions
Authors: Kumari Shweta , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Mehandiratta Vaibhav , Mehra Mani
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a high-order approximation to Caputo-type time-fractional diffusion equations (TFDEs) involving an initial-time singularity of the solution is proposed. At first, we employ a numerical algorithm based on the Lagrange polynomial interpolation to approximate the Caputo derivative on the nonuniform mesh. The truncation error rate and the optimal grading constant of the approximation on a graded mesh are obtained as min{4−α,rα} and (4−α)/α, respectively, where α∈(0,1) is the order of fractional derivative and r≥1 is the mesh grading parameter. Using this new approximation, a difference scheme for the Caputo-type time-fractional diffusion equation on the graded temporal mesh is formulated. The scheme proves to be uniquely solvable for general r. Then, we derive the unconditional stability of the scheme on uniform mesh. The convergence of the scheme, in particular for r = 1, is analyzed for nonsmooth solutions and concluded for smooth solutions. Finally, the accuracy of the scheme is verified by analyzing the error through a few numerical examples.
A Hyperbolic Contact Surface Winkler Contact Force Model for Spherical Clearance Joints
Authors: Yao Huaibo , Liang Lei , Ma Wenlai , Zhang Huibo , Zhao Yang
Published: July 2024

Spherical clearance joints are essential for the successful deployment of space structures. When the clearance is small enough, the contacts will be considered conformal contact, which probably leads to inaccuracies in existing contact force models. To address the limitation, this paper proposes a novel hyperbolic contact surface Winkler model. First, a new fundamental formula incorporating a modified variable exponent is presented. Based on the surrogate modeling method, an optimized surrogate function for the variable coefficient is developed. In the optimization process, the finite element and response surface methods (RSMs) are introduced to improve the precision and reliability of the model. Compared with previous models, this paper organizes a detailed discussion and evaluation to validate the accuracy and application of the new proposed model, after which a dynamic example demonstrates the model's effectiveness. The results highlight the model's accuracy and practical efficacy, showing a strong correlation and minimal margin of error, especially when compared to finite element method (FEM) results. This improvement is attributed to the refined variable exponent, which accurately characterizes the relationship between contact force and penetration depth, and the optimized variable coefficient, which fine-tunes the contact force magnitude. Additionally, the model's versatility extends beyond the geometric properties of the contact bodies, offering a broad application scope. As a foundation of precise impact modeling, it is crucial to address the structural dynamic challenges inherent in high-precision space structures.
The Cusp Bifurcation of a Jerk System
Authors: Lăzureanu Cristian
Published: July 2024

In this paper, using smooth invertible variable transformations and smooth invertible parameter changes, we construct a jerk normal form for the cusp bifurcation of a jerk system with two parameters which displays a nondegenerate fold bifurcation.
Approximating the Splitting Point of the Swarmalator Model
Authors: Gong Zhongben , Zhou Jin , Huang Meng
Published: July 2024

Swarmalator model attracts the attention of numerous scholars because of its rich dynamical behaviors. We investigate the reason for the phase transition that occurs in a 2D swarmalator model, and conclude that the limit cycle, a reflection of the coexistence of the forces of maintaining and disrupting orders, results in the various clustering phenomena. Through novel mean-field approximation and using the self-consistency argument method, we prove the clustering conditions and the influence of the number of clusters on the existence of clusters, and provide estimates of the cluster size of the splintered phase wave state and the phase transition threshold between the splintered phase wave state and active phase wave state. Due to the widespread presence of nonlinearity, our study is essential to the analysis of clustering phenomena in real physical models.
Using TLS, UAV, and MR Methodologies for 3D Modelling and Historical Recreation of Religious Heritage Monuments
Authors: Zachos Aristeidis , Anagnostopoulos Christos-Nikolaos
Published: July 2024

Preserving and safeguarding the Cultural Heritage (CH) of our world from unforeseen hazards should be viewed as a collective responsibility for humanity. Consequently, there is a growing imperative for targeted measures aimed at conserving, restoring, and safeguarding historical assets that carry cultural significance. In recent times, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Photogrammetry, and applications in Mixed Reality (MR) have assumed a pivotal role in the mapping, recording, preservation, and promotion of CH. This article endeavors to present a comprehensive approach spanning from 3D surveying to the 3D representation and promotion of Religious CH, offering an overview of the applied methodologies. Through the integration of TLS and UAV Photogrammetry techniques, a comprehensive digital record of Panagia Ekatontapiliani, the adjoining Church of Agios Nikolaos, and the Baptistery, along with their wall paintings (hagiographies) and natural surroundings, has been obtained. This record serves as the foundation for historical documentation and recreation using the HBIM concept, paving the way for the development of diverse MR applications. These applications aim to enhance the visibility, accessibility, and visitability of the Monument.
Review—Advances on Covalent Organic-Frameworks as Innovative Materials for Designing Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Hernández-García Fabiola , Álvarez-Romero Giaan A. , Colorado-Peralta Raúl , Cruz-Navarro J. Antonio , Morales-Morales David
Published: July 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a ground-breaking class of porous crystalline materials, offering unparalleled potential in the realm of electrochemistry. Their exceptional properties, including high surface area, tunable porosity, chemical stability, and redox properties make COFs uniquely suited for advanced electrochemical sensors. This review delves into the main aspects of COFs, exploring their synthesis methods, intrinsic properties, and pivotal role in enhancing electrochemical sensor performance. Moreover, the latest advancements in COF-based electrochemical sensors will be discussed, highlighting their versatile applications in detecting a wide array of analytes such as biomolecules, metal ions, and organic pollutants. By summarizing the significant challenges and promising opportunities in this field, we underscore the transformative potential of COFs in electroanalytical chemistry and their seamless integration into next-generation electronic devices.
Effect of Carbon Support on the Properties of Fe, N, S Co-Doped ORR Catalysts Prepared by Molten Salt Method
Authors: Yang Jin , Wu Yupeng , Shi Jun , Liu Huimin , Liu Zhiqiang , You Qinwen , Li Xinxin , Cong Linchuan , Liu Debo , Liu Fangbing , Jiang Yue , Lin Nan , Zhang Wenli , Lin Haibo
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly catalysts for various electrochemical processes has become a major focus in the fields of energy storage and fine chemicals. Efficient and cost-effective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts are crucial for the advancement of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. This study explores the use of rice husk-based porous carbon (RHPC) with a hierarchically porous structure as a support material for sustainable ORR catalysts. The performance of RHPC was compared with other commercial carbon materials, such as acetylene black (AB) and coconut shell carbon (YP-50), evaluating key properties including particle size, specific surface area, oxygen-containing functional groups, degree of graphitization, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. Compared to AB, which has higher conductivity, and YP-50, which has a greater abundance of oxygen functional groups, RHPC demonstrated significant advantages as a catalyst support. The resulting Fe-NS/RHPC catalyst exhibited high activity (E1/2 = 0.858 V vs RHE, J = 4.83 mA cm−2), outperforming the standard Pt/C (E1/2 = 0.844 V vs RHE, J = 4.99 mA cm−2). When tested in a liquid Zn-air battery, the Fe-NS/RHPC catalyst achieved a peak power density of 116.2 mW cm−2 and a capacity of up to 792.5 mAh g−1.
Hyers–Ulam Stability of Solution for Generalized Lie Bracket of Derivations
Authors: Keshavarz Vahid , Heydari Mohammad Taghi
Published: July 2024

In this work, we present a new concept of additive‐Jensen s‐functional equations, where s is a constant complex number with |s| < 1, and solve them as two classes of additive functions. We then indicate that they are ‐linear mappings on Lie algebras. Following this, we define generalized Lie bracket derivations between Lie algebras. Then, we investigate the properties of Jordan on Lie bracket of derivations such that we show that the condition of Jordan Lie bracket derivation‐derivation does not hold, but the condition of Lie bracket of Jordan derivations does hold. Ultimately, by using the fixed point theorem, we investigate the Hyers–Ulam stability of additive‐Jensen s‐functional equations and generalized Lie bracket derivations on Lie algebras with two control functions of Găvruta and Rassias.
Evaluation of Regional Innovation Capacity Based on Social Network Analysis and Entropy‐Based GC‐TOPSIS
Authors: Liu Chun-Fang , Jiang Qian
Published: July 2024

Regional innovation capacity is an important indicator used to measure the comprehensive development level of a region. This study aims to assess Hainan’s regional innovation capacity, develop practical strategies for its enhancement, and foster economic growth. Panel data for Hainan from 2010 to 2020 are selected, social network analysis is used to qualitatively screen the indicators of regional innovation capacity, analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method are used to combine and assign weights to the evaluation indicators, and TOPSIS and the grey correlation methods are used to construct an evaluation model of, and empirically analyse, the regional innovation capacity of Hainan. These three methods, namely, the social network analysis, TOPSIS, and grey correlation methods, complement each other’s strengths and improve the reliability of evaluation results. Their combined use has not been explored in previous studies. The empirical analysis showed that Hainan’s regional innovation capacity has slowly increased, the two indicators—innovation output and innovation economic performance—have significantly improved Hainan’s regional innovation capacity, and the fluctuating growth in Enterprise innovation capability has led to a short‐term decline in Hainan’s regional innovation capacity. The findings of this study should assist managers and policymakers in making strategic and tactical decisions for the innovative development of the Hainan region to promote its sustainable development.
Transformational Leadership and Nursing Retention: An Integrative Review
Authors: Goens Becky , Giannotti Natalie
Published: July 2024

Aim. To establish current evidence on the relationship between transformational nursing leadership and turnover intention. Background. The persistent nursing shortage in healthcare has led to heightened demands for addressing both current needs and the healthcare requirements of a growing population. Recognizing the pivotal role of nursing leadership in fostering retention, this review highlights the influence of positive leadership on nursing staff. Evaluation. An integrative review, guided by Whittemore and Knafl’s (2005) framework, was conducted using articles sourced from four online databases deducing to an inclusion of sixteen quantitative articles, one systematic review, and one integrative review published between 1992 and 2022. Key Issues. The study reveals conflicting evidence regarding the sole impact of transformational leadership on the nursing staff’s intention to remain. However, it highlights transformational leadership’s ability to enhance job satisfaction and organizational commitment contributes significantly to retention. Conclusion. Using transformational leadership can effectively bolster nursing staff retention along with promoting other favorable workplace outcomes. Implications for Nursing Management. This review underscores the importance of enhancing leadership skills within nursing management. This involves not only fostering transformational leadership but also cultivating positive work‐related outcomes to optimize nursing staff retention.
Synthesis of MoS2/WS2 Nanoflower Heterostructures for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Van , Tekalgne Mahider , Tran Chau Van , Nguyen Thang Phan , Dao Vandung , Le Quyet Van , Ahn Sang Hyun , Kim Soo Young
Published: July 2024

Over the last decades, the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials have been intensively investigated for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Among many TMD catalysts, MoS2 and WS2 are the most efficient materials for HER application because of their advantages including earth abundance, facile synthesis, and high catalytic activities. Herein, a simple and scalable process is introduced which was employed to prepare the nanoflower (NF) heterostructure of MoS2 and WS2 (MoS2/WS2 NF). The superior catalytic activity of the synthesized MoS2/WS2 NF could be contributed by the unique properties of the heterostructure between WS2 and MoS2 materials. Low overpotential (251 mV) at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, small Tafel slope (61 mV dec−1), good conductivity, and superstability are the main properties of the prepared MoS2/WS2 NF. This work presents a new facile novel to prepare efficient catalysts which could be great candidates for HER and electrocatalytic application.