bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern approache to the diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease (а literature review)
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Malska A.A. , Kurilyak O.B. ,   Lviv Regional Children's Clinical Hospital OKHMATDYT, Ukraine, Klymyshyn Y.I. ,   SI Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Rudenko N.M. ,   SI Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: June 2024

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis of unknown origin, accompanied by fever and mucocutaneous syndrome, predominantly found in infants. KD is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries, which is complicated by the occurrence of coronary artery aneurysms in 25% of untreated patients due to coronary artery vasculitis. The aim is to analyze the guidelines of the American Heart Association, the Single Hub and Access Point for Paediatric Rheumatology in Europe (SHARE), as well as Japanese instructions on modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease. Clinical studies show that this rate decreases to ∼4% during treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. Although some new studies show worse outcomes despite immunoglobulin treatment, especially in infants under 12 months of age. The complexity and heterogeneity of the course of KD, a wide differential diagnosis and the lack of a specific diagnostic tests are often serious obstacles on the way to diagnosis. Taking into account some differences in American, European, and Japanese guidelines for the treatment of KD, we consider it appropriate to follow European guidelines, which are most similar to American ones and are best suited for Europeans. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Medical and social aspects of rational nutrition to support the health of Ukrainian teenagers
Authors:   T.H. Shevchenko National University Chernihiv Colehium, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Hryshchenko S.V.
Published: June 2024

Preservation and strengthening of health and the formation of a healthy lifestyle of teenagers are urgent problems at the national level. To support the health of Ukrainian teenagers, it is important to investigate the medical and social aspects of nutrition. Rational nutrition of teenagers contributes not only to the preservation of health, but also to the development of a high level of vital activity. For a rational diet, you need to follow food ration, food regime, conditions of use and preparation of food. The correct diet is an important component of rational nutrition. The regime involves regular eating at certain hours at certain intervals, as well as the distribution of the daily ration according to energy value during the day. According to scientists, the basis of modern rational nutrition is made up of the achievements of three sciences: medicine, genetics, dietetics. The aim - to conduct a systematic analysis of scientific sources regarding the medical and social aspects of the rational nutrition of Ukrainian teenagers and negative factors in nutrition that affect the state of health. Scientific principles of rational nutrition should be aimed at improving the health of adolescents. Domestic doctors note that diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, peptic ulcer, constipation, cholecystitis), obesity, allergic and other diseases are the consequences of negative modern trends in nutrition. Seven basic elements of nutrition are necessary for the normal functioning of the body of a teenage child: water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins and trace elements. Rational nutrition should be complete in quantitative terms, that is, the energy value (calorie) of the daily ration should correspond to the body’s energy expenditure, taking into account the non-digestible part of the ration; follow a rational diet: the hours of eating should correspond to the body’s biological rhythms; the number of meals should be 5-6 times for children of different ages; the interval between meals should be 3-4 hours. The essence of the modern concept of balanced nutrition is that for the normal life of teenagers, it is necessary to ensure a certain norm of physiological needs in energy, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. No conflict of interests was declared by the author.
Is chronic urticaria or urticarial vasculitis a diagnostic dilemma?
Authors:   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine, Vakulenko L.I. , Samsonenko S.V. ,   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine, Skriabina K.V. ,   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Urticarial vasculitis (UV) is a rare disease that has two components: clinical manifestations of urticaria and histopathological signs of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis of small vessels, predominantly involving postcapillary venules. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent episodes of urticaria, each element of which lasts more than 24 hours and is accompanied by a feeling of pain and burning. The aim is to reveal the key points of pathogenetic mechanisms, differential diagnosis and therapeutic tactics of UV based on a clinical case. Clinical case. A clinical case of a 17-year-old boy with normocomplementemic UV is described. The patient's main complaint was a long-lasting rash (more than three weeks) with itching. From the anamnesis it is known that the provoking factors for the onset of the disease were an insect bite and the start of taking a new drug, namely vitamin K (two days before the onset of the disease). Throughout this time, the child was examined by various specialists and received treatment. Alternative diagnoses: bacterial folliculitis, viral exanthem, unspecified urticaria. There was no positive effect from the received treatment. The diagnosis of UV was made in the sixth week of the disease using a punch biopsy. Regression of the skin syndrome was achieved using a combination of antihistamine and antileukotriene drugs. Conclusions. Performing a punch biopsy, which is currently the gold standard for diagnosis, allows us to solve the diagnostic dilemma: “UV or chronic urticaria”. Timely diagnosis helps to avoid false diagnoses and, as a result, incorrect treatment of UV. The description of this clinical case is a contribution to the disclosure of this globally complex problem. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent of the child and child's parents was obtained for conducting the research. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.
The Impact of Undergraduate Students’ Thinking Styles on Problem-Solving Skills
Authors: Güngör Cumhur , Akkaş Baysal Emine
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to examine the thinking styles of university students are and the effect of thinking styles on their problem-solving skills. The research used the correlational survey model because the relationship between the "thinking styles" and "problem solving skills" were examined. The sample of the research consisted of 566 undergraduate students. Personal information form, Thinking Styles Scale and Problem-Solving Inventory are used for data collection. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, t-test, Anova and Pearson correlation, regression analysis have been utilized in data analysis. The level of students' thinking styles and problem-solving skills has been observed to be at a moderate level. There is a significant difference between students' thinking styles and problem-solving skills in terms of gender. The students' thinking styles and problem-solving skills do not show a significant difference in terms of class level. There is no significant difference in the relationship between students' thinking styles and problem-solving skills in terms of age variable. There exists a significant correlation between students' thinking styles and their problem-solving abilities. Students' thinking styles have a significant effect on their problem-solving skills. This study makes an important contribution to understand the thinking styles and problem-solving skills of university students and to examine the relationships in these fields. The results show that educators and guidance professionals should support students' problem-solving skills by taking into account their thinking styles.
Raman Spectroscopy for Diagnostic Analysis of Fuel Cell Catalyst Coated Membranes
Authors: Samajdar Rudra N. , Goh Jonathan , Smith Graham T. , Wain Andrew J.
Published: June 2024

Raman spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for characterising the carbon chemistry of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) catalyst coated membranes (CCMs) and understanding changes in the carbon matrix due to corrosion and degradation processes. However, interpretation of the data is highly sensitive to the sampling and spectral analysis methods employed. Here we critically assess the use of Raman spectroscopy for diagnostic analysis of uncycled PEMFC CCMs and equivalent CCMs subjected to dynamic load cycling (DLC). We first consider different approaches to quantitative analysis of Raman spectra and show that a two peak spectral fitting model which only considers the characteristic D1 and G peaks in the Raman spectrum provides an inferior fit compared to a four peak fitting model that includes the minority D3 and D4 peaks associated with amorphous carbon and disordered graphitic domains. We furthermore demonstrate that in specific cases these two models can generate opposing trends. We then compare quantitative Raman metrics generated from spectral maps at different locations of CCMs subjected to different durations of cycling. A large degree of scatter in the data precluded conclusive correlation between Raman data and duration of cycling, highlighting the importance of sufficiently large sample sizes when performing quantitative analysis. However, a difference in behaviour between cathode and anode was observed, characterised most prominently by a higher degree of scatter in the Raman metrics associated with disordered and amorphous carbon, potentially pointing to contrasting ageing phenomena resulting from the different conditions at the cathode and anode. We also demonstrate that spectral differences across the cycled anode appear to be highly spatially heterogeneous, indicating that the associated chemical changes are localised on the <100 μm scale.
ABREVIAÇÃO DO JEJUM E FATORES CLÍNICOS NO TRANSOPERATÓRIO DE PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS À CIRURGIA CARDÍACA
Authors: Limberger Vanessa Regina , Fioravanti Roland Luana , Wagner Litiele Evelin , Carneiro Marcelo , Assmann Poll Fabiana
Published: June 2024

Introdução: as cirurgias levam a resposta metabólica ao trauma, que é potencializada pelo jejum pré-operatório prolongado, dentre elas a cirurgia cardíaca. Objetivo: verificar os valores de glicemia no transoperatório de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca, com a abreviação do tempo de jejum pré-operatório. Método: tratou-se de um estudo comparativo, não intervencionista em que os pacientes foram alocados no grupo A (n=20) que realizou jejum convencional e grupo B (n=20) que realizou abreviação do jejum com ingestão oral de solução de carboidratos (maltodextrina 12,5%) 2 horas antes da cirurgia cardíaca. Resultados: não houve diferença significativa na glicemia no período transoperatório entre os grupos avaliados. Encontrou-se uma glicemia transoperatória com valores próximos às recomendações, sendo a faixa alvo de 140 mg/dL. Já no período pós-operatório observaram-se valores mais elevados de glicemia, porém dentro do alvo de até 180 mg/dL. Conclusão: a abreviação do jejum pré-operatório com a oferta de líquidos com carboidratos foi segura, podendo ser praticada. Em relação à glicemia no período transoperatório, a prática da abreviação e o desuso do jejum convencional podem ser realizadas.
ANÁLISE DA VENDA DE FORMULAÇÕES CONTENDO VITAMINA D EM UMA FARMÁCIA DE MANIPULAÇÃO DO MUNICÍPIO DE JARAGUÁ DO SUL ENTRE OS ANOS DE 2011 E 2021
Authors: Beckauser Negherbon Carolina , Schmitz Danieli , Candiani dos Santos Júlia , Tenfen Voltolini Adrielli , Batista da Rosa Priscila , Binder Neis Vivian
Published: June 2024

Introdução: a vitamina D é um hormônio esteróide amplamente estudado que apresenta eficiência na prevenção e combate de doenças respiratórias. Apesar de sua importância, uma considerável parcela da população brasileira tem deficiência dessa vitamina, o que pode estar relacionado a problemas de saúde como artrite, hipertensão, asma e aparecimento de sintomas mais graves em pacientes com Covid-19. Quando se faz necessária sua suplementação, pacientes procuram farmácias de manipulação devido ao custo-benefício deste produto manipulado. Objetivo: avaliar as vendas de formulações contendo vitamina D por clientes atendidos em uma farmácia de manipulação do município de Jaraguá do Sul, por um período de 10 anos. Métodos: os dados foram obtidos pelo sistema da farmácia, que forneceu informações de venda dessa vitamina desde o ano de 2011 até 2021, separados em formulações sólidas e líquidas e também por semestre. Resultados: no ano de 2011, após a pandemia de H1N1, houve um maior número de vendas de formulações contendo vitamina D, assim como em 2021, ano da pandemia de Covid-19. Dentre as formas farmacêuticas analisadas, as cápsulas sobressaíram no número de vendas, sendo o comparativo entre os semestres sem muita discrepância. Conclusão: a suplementação com vitamina D tem sido utilizada como recurso no tratamento de infecções respiratórias, e os dados obtidos nesse trabalho reforçam esta hipótese. A partir dos resultados, foi possível observar que nos anos de pandemias as vendas de vitamina D aumentaram consideravelmente. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para investigar mecanismos pelo qual a vitamina contribui no tratamento destas doenças.
COMPARAÇÃO DAS EQUAÇÕES DE PREDIÇÃO DA DISTÂNCIA NO TESTE DE CAMINHADA DE SEIS MINUTOS EM ADULTOS
Authors: Barbosa Santos Bruna , Carvalho Gustavo Henrique , Ferreira Lucas Lima
Published: June 2024

Introdução: o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) retrata a capacidade funcional dos indivíduos. Objetivo: comparar as equações de predição da distância caminhada no TC6 (DTC6) em adultos jovens saudáveis. Método: estudo transversal prospectivo, realizado entre setembro de 2021 a novembro de 2022. Foram coletados por ficha de avaliação, idade, sexo, hábitos de vida como tabagismo, etilismo e sedentarismo, aferidos peso (kg), altura (cm), circunferência abdominal e de quadril (cm) e calculado o índice de massa corporal (IMC). O TC6 foi realizado em local plano de 30 metros, demarcado por cadeiras. As equações de Enright e Sherrill (1998), Troostrs et al. (1999) e Enright et al. (2003) foram utilizadas para cálculo da distância predita. Resultados: foram incluídos 40 participantes, idade média de 21,7±4,2 anos, 85% do sexo feminino, IMC médio de 24,64±5,9 kg/m2 e o sedentarismo foi o hábito de vida mais prevalente (48%). Na comparação entre as equações e a DTC6 verificou-se diferença significativa no sexo masculino (p=0,0004) e feminino (p<0,0001). A equação de Troosters et al. (1999) superestimou a distância predita. Verificou-se um percentual do predito menor nas equações Enright e Sherrill (1998) e Enright et al. (2003) para o sexo feminino (61% e 68% respectivamente) e Troostrs et al. (1999) para o sexo masculino (57%). Conclusão: na comparação das equações de predição da DTC6 em adultos, a equação de Enright e Sherrill (1998) mais se aproximou à distância percorrida e a equação de Troosters et al. (1999) superestimou a distância predita.
BARREIRAS PERCEBIDAS PARA A PRÁTICA DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA NA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL: revisão de escopo
Authors: Corrêa Junior Jaime Alves , Lopes Rodrigo Meireles , Socoloski Thiego da Silva , Rech Cassiano Ricardo , Dos Santos Daniela Lopes , Rodríguez-Añez Ciro Romélio , Guerra Paulo Henrique
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Visando identificar as principais barreiras percebidas para a prática de atividade física (AF) em crianças e adolescentes da região Sul do Brasil, foi conduzida uma revisão de escopo. Método: Tendo julho de 2022 como limite de publicações, foram realizadas buscas em sete bases de dados eletrônicas e em listas de referências, visando artigos científicos originais, que analisaram as barreiras percebidas para a prática de AF em amostras de crianças e adolescentes (entre seis e 19 anos de idade), sem restrições quanto aos delineamentos de pesquisa, representatividade amostral, sexo, condição contextual dos participantes e estratégias utilizadas para coleta e análise dos dados. Resultados: Foram incluídos 11 artigos, que representam nove estudos originais, realizados em dez distintas cidades dos três estados da região Sul. No geral, observou-se o envolvimento de adolescentes matriculados em escolas públicas e grande variação entre os instrumentos utilizados para avaliação da AF e das barreiras percebidas. Identificou-se 30 barreiras percebidas para a prática de AF, sendo 18 delas classificadas como intrapessoais (60%). Dentre as barreiras mais frequentemente relatadas, destacaram-se: “falta de interesse/motivação” (n = 5), “preguiça/cansaço/falta de energia” (n = 4) e “falta de tempo” (n = 4) (intrapessoais), “falta de clima adequado” (n = 4) (ambiental) e “falta de companhia” (n = 3) (interpessoal). Conclusão: O reconhecimento das barreiras percebidas para a prática de AF é importante tanto para o aprofundamento do debate, quanto para a tomada de decisão, nas estratégias e ações de promoção de AF voltadas às crianças e adolescentes que vivem na região Sul do país.
VIOLAÇÕES À LEI GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS E PROPOSIÇÃO DE REQUISITOS PARA A FERRAMENTA IDEIAWARE
Authors: Silva Machado Natália , Mahlmann Kipper Liane , Frozza Rejane
Published: June 2024

A Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) foi criada em 2018 e entrou em vigor em 2020. Porém, apenas em 2023 as primeiras sanções por quebra da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados começam a ser aplicadas, uma vez que nesse ano a Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD) publicou o Regulamento de Dosimetria e Aplicação de Sanções Administrativas, documento que busca regulamentar a categorização de infrações à Lei, bem como sistematizar as potenciais sanções para cada violação. Com isso em mente, esse artigo busca reunir casos de quebra da LGPD desde a publicação de sua dosimetria em 27 de janeiro de 2023, a fim de estudar as maneiras como a existência da Lei impacta as pessoas na prática e como tal Lei ser recente gera casos contraintuitivos, nos quais a legislação é quebrada por acidente. Como estudo de caso, apresenta a proposição de requisitos para a ferramenta IdeiaWare, desenvolvida com o objetivo de fornecer um ambiente colaborativo e com a abordagem do design thinking para a elaboração e armazenamento de ideias em uma base de conhecimento.
IDOSOS FRAGILIZADOS E POLIMEDICADOS NO CONTEXTO DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA
Authors: Piva Vicente Andressa , Richter Härter Ana Beatriz , Bachmann de Quadros Bruno , De Pelegrin Giuliana , Caroline Helfer Paloma , Marquezin Faustini Brunna , Adams Simon Laísa , Bennemann Letícia , Felipe Paul Marcelo , Heloísa Rabuske Rafaela , Baroni Cruz Dennis
Published: June 2024

O aumento da expectativa de vida e de usuários com multimorbidades na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) têm sido acompanhados pelo fenômeno da polifarmácia na população idosa. A polifarmácia caracteriza-se pelo uso diário de 5 ou mais medicamentos diferentes e está relacionada a administração inadequada de fármacos, risco de interações medicamentosas e efeitos potencialmente prejudiciais às funções do idoso, aumentando seu estado de fragilidade. Este define-se como um elevado estado de vulnerabilidade física, cognitiva, psicológica e social, resultando em dependência, reduzida qualidade de vida e alta demanda de cuidados de saúde. A polifarmácia e a fragilidade são situações conectadas e possivelmente modificáveis que merecem destaque devido ao risco de uso inapropriado e excessivo de medicamentos e à suscetibilidade dos idosos à iatrogenia. Assim, esta revisão narrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo visa discutir as vulnerabilidades dos idosos fragilizados e polimedicados na APS a partir de referências encontradas nas bases LILACS e PubMed por meio dos descritores “Primary Health Care” AND “Polypharmacy” AND “Frail Elderly”. Nota-se a importância do reconhecimento precoce dos riscos de fragilização nos idosos para prevenir efeitos adversos à saúde, pois este grupo apresenta-se como o mais vulnerável à iatrogenia e ações de prevenção quaternária, como a desprescrição, mostram-se de grande relevância. A APS é o local ideal para essas ações, contudo, os modelos de cuidado ainda estão excessivamente focados na doença, de modo que podem não ser suficientes para manejar as fragilidades da população idosa.
FEIRAS DE SAÚDE: ATUAÇÃO DE PROJETOS DE EXTENSÃO NA COMUNIDADE
Authors: Rosa Djennifer , Gonçalves Possuelo Lia , Oliveira Roveda Patrícia
Published: June 2024

Dois projetos extensionistas da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Acessibilidade e Saúde: Interdisciplinaridade em Ação e o Programa Nacional de Reorientação da Formação Profissional em Saúde promovem ações de promoção de saúde. Participar de Feiras de Saúde é um exemplo, são eventos que promovem medidas de prevenção e assistência à comunidade e troca de experiências. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo discorrer sobre os resultados obtidos em feiras de saúde quanto ao risco de quedas, equilíbrio, flexibilidade muscular. Relato de experiência das ações de promoção da Saúde na Festa do Chimarrão (Fenachim) em Venâncio Aires e Festa das Cucas em Santa Cruz do Sul realizadas no ano de 2022. As atividades foram realizadas por estudantes do curso de Fisioterapia junto ao Pró-Saúde. Para verificar o equilíbrio estático realizou-se o Teste Romberg, o equilíbrio dinâmico o Teste Timed Up and Go (TUG), a flexibilidade muscular o Teste Terceiro Dedo ao Solo. Os resultados eram repassados ao indivíduo e realizavam-se orientações em saúde. Participaram 38 indivíduos (26 do sexo feminino), idade média de 46,2 anos. Quatro apresentaram alterações no equilíbrio estático, no dinâmico, 9 mostraram baixo risco e 2, risco moderado de queda e 14 pessoas redução de flexibilidade. A parceria entre projetos possibilita experiências, beneficia a população, aproxima o estudante da comunidade, propicia o relacionamento interpessoal e o desenvolvimento de habilidades, contribuindo para o crescimento profissional e pessoal.
The ROSIN Project and its Outreach to South Africa
Authors: Limpert N. , Wiesen P. , Ferrein A. , Kallweit S. , Schiffer S.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we report on the H2020 funded project ROSIN and its outreach activities to South Africa. ROSIN is concerned with developing and maintaining highquality software components for ROS-Industrial. ROSIndustrial is the industry branch of the Robot Operating System (ROS), a popular open source robot middleware. The ROSIN project is trying to overcome common criticism towards ROS and ROS-Industrial which until recently was preventing larger penetration of industrial applications with ROS. This is done by improving the quality of existing and the availability of new components. Also, educational activities are flanking the ROSIN effort to drastically increase the number of both students and industry professionals trained in ROS. This helps to increase spreading ROS-based application. As an EU project, ROSIN is active across Europe, but especially the education activities are being conducted in Africa as well. The outreach to South Africa is particularly strong here. Many students and industry professionals have already been trained and projects have been funded to advance the state of ROS-Industrial. ROS-Industrial will shape the future of automation and industrial robotics. Proficiency in ROS-Industrial thus is key to leapfrog progress in these fields. With our outreach activities to South Africa we aim to enable brilliant young minds to have part in this development.
Experimentally Determined Material Parameters for Temperature Prediction of an Automobile Tire using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: van Blommestein W.B. , Venter G. , Venter M.P.
Published: June 2024

The material parameters of an automotive truck tire were experimentally determined and validated for use in a thermal finite element analysis to determine the temperature distribution in the tire due to different operating conditions. Uni-axial tensile tests were performed on tire samples. The force displacement response of each was used to determine material properties by means of direct curve-fitting and iterative numerical procedures. Equivalent finite element simulation models were used to validate the properties. Hysteresis behaviour of the rubber regions were identified by dynamic mechanical analysis. Material definitions were incorporated into a finite element model to predict the steady-state heat generation and temperature distribution within a tire due to hysteresis. Experimental rolling tire temperature measurements were taken on a test bench. A comparison of the results with those obtained from the equivalent thermal models was used to validate the numerical models.
Novel Linear Piezo Actuator
Authors: Raffler O. , Becker U. , van Niekerk T.
Published: June 2024

This publication presents a novel concept for an electromechanical piezoelectric actuator. This concept is intended to enable a piezoelectric actuator that exceeds the current state of the art in terms of achievable deflection at operating frequencies in the range of 0 Hz to 100 Hz. This will be realised by merging the strokes of individual piezo stacks. The concept enables linear or rotational movement. The linear version will be discussed here. An actuator of this type enables high-speed positioning of, for example, shafts, valves or lasers.
A Review of Robotics Research in South Africa
Authors: Boje E. , Christopher R.L. , Fernandes J. , Hepworth J.H. , Kuriakose R.B. , Kruger K. , Lorimer T. , Luwes N. , Mouton H.D. , Patel A. , Rosman B. , Smit W.J. , Stopforth R. , van Eden B. , van Niekerk T. , Vermaak H. , Withey D.
Published: June 2024

Robots are increasingly being used in the industry. Businesses that use robots can produce products and provide services at lower costs and with higher quality. Some industries, like automotive manufacturing, have become dependent on robots. The impact of robots on society and the greater economy is not clear. Robots threaten the jobs of low skilled workers and even middle-skilled workers. While researchers and governments are trying to understand the impact of robots on the economy, it is commonly accepted that robots will be used more widely across all industries. With this in mind, it is useful to consider the current research in robotics at South African research institutions. This paper is such a review. It is not exhaustive, but it provides a sense of the robotics research being done in South African research institutions. It appears that research institutions do not work on common themes, yet many research groups relate their work to Industry 4.0. The review suggests that each research group is working on topics of interest to them. The implication of this is that a wide variety of robotic themes are being researched in South Africa.
BÜYÜK MOĞOL VE ÇAĞATAY SİKKELERİNİN TİPOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: Kalkan Mustafa
Published: June 2024

Yabancı kültür kuşakları, içine dâhil ettikleri Moğolları yüz yıllık bir zaman dilimi içinde sosyolojik olarak adeta haritadan silmiştir. Dinlerini değiştirmiş, yaşam biçimlerinden koparmış, giyim kuşamlarını unutturmuş, yasaya-Cengiz yasasına uymayan mutedil Müslümanlar haline dönüşen bir toplum meydana getirmiştir. Çin’de Manileşen-Budistleşen Moğol, İran’da derviş olmuş, Orta Asya’da Hristiyanlaşmış, Fin-Ogur-Slav-Kıpçak coğrafyasında ise yok olmuştur. Yaşam seyri içinde, ticareti öğrenmiş, şehir yaşamını benimsemiş, yerel idarelerde yönetimi paylaşmanın başarı getirdiğini anlamış, dini hoşgörü ile milletleri huzur içinde bir arada yaşatmıştır. İstila ettikleri yerleşik halklardan ticareti öğrenerek, aldıkları kelle vergileriyle, İpek Yolu, Baharat Yolu, Kuzey Yolu üzerindeki kervanların geçiş vergisiyle ve Karadeniz üzerinden gelen gemilerin ödedikleri bedellerle zenginleşmişlerdir. Ele geçirdikleri ülkelerde çift dilde sikke kestirmiş, ayni bedel üzerinden alınan vergileri değerli metaller üzerinden nakdi bedele dönüştürmüşlerdir. İlk dönemlerde ticari canlılık zayıf, ustaları iyi olmadıkları için kötü özelliklere sahip sikkeler kestirilmiş, daha sonra ekonomi canlanmış, dinar, dirhem ve felsler büyük devletlerle rekabete girebilecek kadar düzenli, yüksek ayarlı ve şahane kompozisyonlarla kesilmeye başlanmıştır.
Araştırmamız, askeri yetenekleri ile dünyaya meydan okuyan bir kavmin, nasıl yaşam biçimini değiştirdiğini, tarihi seyir içinde şehirlileştiğini sergileme amacındadır. Konargöçer yaşamın şehir hayatı karşısında dize geldiğini, ticaretin ve paranın zamanla Moğolları köklerinden kopardıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu süreç içinde sikkelerinde Uygur yazısını kullanan Moğolların, daha sonra Arapça, Farsça, Slavca, Ermeni, Gürcü ve Türk lehçelerini sikkelerinin üzerlerinde yazı olarak tercih ettikleri görülmüştür. Çalışmada Büyük Moğollar (Cengizîler) ve Çağataylara ait 22 sikke incelenerek, İlhanlı ve Altınorda sikkeleriyle teknik-tipolojik karşılaştırmaları yapılacaktır. Ekonominin toplum hayatı üzerindeki izleri ve sosyo-kültürel değişim, sikkeler üzerinden ele alınmaya çalışılacaktır.
Post GEM–RT Cleanup and cDNA Amplification v1
Authors: Monroe Heidi , Cardenes Nayra , not provided koenigshoffm
Published: June 2024

The Chromium Single Cell Gene Expression Solution upgrades short read sequencers to deliver a scalable microfluidic platform for 3’ digital gene expression by profiling 500-10,000 individual cells per sample. A pool of ~3,500,000 10x Barcodes are sampled separately to index each cell’s transcriptome. It is done by partitioning thousands of cells (or nuclei) into nanoliter-scale Gel Beads-in-emulsion (GEMs), where all generated cDNA share a common 10x Barcode. Dual Indexed libraries are generated and sequenced from the cDNA and 10x Barcodes are used to associate individual reads back to the individual partitions. After the GEMs Generation and Barcoding, GEMs are broken and pooled fractions are recovered. Silane magnetic beads are used to purify the first-strand cDNA from the post GEM-RT reaction mixture, which includes leftover biochemical reagents and primers. Barcoded, full-length cDNA is amplified via PCR to generate sufficient mass for library construction. This protocol details the post GEM-RT cleanup and cDNA amplification, cleanup - SPRIselect and quantification.
Murine Source Protocol -- University of Minnesota TMC v1
Authors: A Bernlohr David
Published: June 2024

The following protocol includes murine source information regarding mice used at the University of Minnesota TMC.
Vacuum components obtained by 3D printing using biodegradable plastic
Authors: Rangel Ricardo Cardoso , Gulino Henrique Chaves , Degasperi Francisco Tadeu
Published: June 2024

This work investigated the behavior of vacuum components obtained by 3D printing using a biodegradable plastic called PLA (polylactic acid). This material was chosen because it has low cost and low environmental impact. The most used printing technique for this material is the fused filament fabrication (FFF) type. The vacuum components were obtained from the deposition of molten PLA filaments. However, traditional printing techniques are not optimized for vacuum behavior. Therefore, a unidirectional deposition method was developed, which significantly increased the performance. Furthermore, surface treatments were carried out to further enhance the results, makin it possible to obtain vacuum components for operation in the 1 mbar range possible.
RELIGIOUS FAITH AS AN OBJECT OF ANALYSIS IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN RESEARCHERS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Maksymenko Ihor
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the researches of Ukrainian scientists on such a concept as religious faith. The article identified the approaches used by scientists in their works. Differences between theological, philosophical, and psychological approaches to the study of religious faith are characterized. It is proven that religious faith is a complex concept that requires comprehensive analysis. The article argues that Ukrainian researchers thoroughly examine the concept of religious faith from a psychological perspective, identifying it as a phenomenon that affects a person's mental state and shapes their worldview. Scientists have proven that faith has a psychotherapeutic function. It helps to overcome difficulties and move towards a goal. Also, religious faith acquires powerful existential potential and takes direct part in forming a holistic personality, directly affecting the individual's worldview and activities. Prayer also plays a significant role. It serves as a factor in shaping a unique worldview in its bearer, combining rational and irrational elements and touching upon the intellectual, sensory, and moral aspects of their existence. Furthermore, in domestic scientific thought, faith is also considered purely as a philosophical concept, inextricably linked with the definition of religion, the field of religious philosophy, religious studies, and the philosophy of religion. The uniqueness of the philosophical approach lies in abstracting from internal states and mental phenomena. At the same time, the philosophical approach captures the substantive content of faith. Ukrainian theologians, in turn, consider faith as a key element of the Christian worldview, as well as in the context of analyzing the problem of the relationship between faith and reason. The study notes that while the philosopher seeks God by analyzing nature, the theologian turns to revelation, the source of truth, access to which humans have received from God. The article also argues that since religious faith plays a significant role in societal processes, it is currently attracting considerable attention from Ukrainian scientists researching socio-political issues in Ukraine, the problem of war, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on society.
Legal Regulation of Cross-Border Relations in E-commerce in the context of Parallel Imports
Authors: Shakhnazarov B. A.
Published: June 2024

The sale of goods on marketplaces, including foreign trade activities, is actively spreading in the modern world and provokes competition with classical (offline) trade. Marketplaces, as electronic trading platforms in a broader sense, are often interested in implementing new, stable approaches to the sale of goods, including cross-border foreign trade activities, in order to offer online buyers a wide range of goods at competitive prices. Parallel import is one of the strategies used by sellers and business owners on marketplaces to achieve this goal. Since foreign trade using parallel import tools involves, in fact, the resale on the domestic market of goods that are produced abroad and imported for sale in a particular State without the consent of the right-holder, as well as marked with the trademark of the right-holder or in which other results of intellectual activity are expressed (relevant from the point of view of the problem of exhaustion of exclusive rights, in particular, the objects of patent rights), cross-border opportunities of marketplaces seem to be the best place for the sale of goods imported by means of parallel imports. At the same time, the peculiarities of cross-border electronic commerce give rise to the latest challenges related to the proliferation of counterfeit products, violation of the intellectual rights of third parties, the requirements of the legislation of the country of sale on advertising, protection of competition, protection of consumer rights.
Complete and Voluntary Abandonment of the Criminal Purpose in the Notes to the Articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on Terrorist Crimes: Grounds for Application
Authors: Kochoi S. M.
Published: June 2024

The norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on exemption from criminal liability or noninvolvement therein are an important tool for countering crimes in general. The relevant norms contained in the notes to the articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation providing for liability for terrorist crimes are no exception. Of the articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation providing for liability for terrorist crimes, the relevant notes are given to Articles 205–206 and 208. However, the effective use of the possibilities contained in the listed articles may be hindered by the confusion of grounds for exemption from criminal liability and grounds excluding criminal liability inherent in them. The author make a conclusion on the need to coordinate the notes to Articles 205–206, 208 of the Criminal Code with the provisions on voluntary abandonment of a crime (Article 31 of the Criminal Code) and complete abandonment of the criminal purpose (part 2 of Article 75 of the Criminal Code). Such coordination is a necessary condition for a clear definition of the legal nature of the circumstances set out in the notes to the above articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Currently, unambiguous grounds for differentiating these circumstances into exempting from criminal liability and excluding criminal liability are absent, which leads to contradictory and controversial conclusions when judicial authorities make decisions on cases of terrorist crimes provided for in Articles 205–206, 208 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Administrative Prejudicial Effect as a Way of Criminalization using Criminal Liability for Violation of Traffic Rules as a Case Study (Article 264.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Maslov V. A.
Published: June 2024

The logical consequence of recognizing administrative prejudicial effect as a form of criminalization is the need, when deciding on the validity of criminalizing repeated acts that initially entail administrative responsibility, to establish the existence of a basis for criminalization, which is considered to be the necessary degree of public danger. The author conducts an analysis of empirical data for 2013–2022 characterizing administrative offenses related to exceeding the established speed limit over 40 km per hour, as well as entering the lane intended for oncoming traffic. This makes it possible to assert at least the absence of an increase in the degree of public harm to the level of public danger (due to the consistent systematic reduction of a number of indicators of punishability, as well as the absence of an increase in injuries and deaths as a result of violations of these traffic rules for the entire analyzed period). Recognizing the absence as such of objective prerequisites for criminal law interference in the sphere of administrative law regulating the analyzed legal relations, it is worth recommending that the legislator pay close attention to the possibilities available within the framework of administrative legislation (including the prospect of establishing appropriate types and sizes of punishment to a greater extent), and the law enforcement officer — to the issues of the enforceability of punishment in the form of a fine. In order to take effective measures against the most serious offenders, it would be more correct to establish a differentiated scale of punishability depending on the fact of repetition of an administrative offense. This approach will make it possible to avoid the conceptual and law enforcement problems of «transferring» responsibility for a recurring offense to the criminal law.
Formation of the Statehood of the Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics in 2014–2022 as a Factor of Legitimacy of Acts on Self-Determination of the Peoples of Donbass
Authors: Stepanyuk D. Yu.
Published: June 2024

The paper examines the process of formation and development of the Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics as public legal entities that arose after the self-determination of their peoples and the implementation of secession. The correlation of the principles of territorial integrity and the principle of self-determination is considered through the issue of the legal force of the decision taken at the referendum and its implementation. The paper analyzes the institutionalization of the results of the 2014 referendums and the acquisition of both public and international legal status by the republics through the exercise of full state power in the context of the loss of effective jurisdiction by the old power structures. To this end, the formation of public power in the republics is being investigated. The historical prerequisites for the formation of independent representative and legislative bodies, as well as their evolution, are considered. The implementation of effective control over the state of affairs in the republics with the consent and direct participation of the population is considered as in the case study of building executive power, developing its structure, the activities of courts, local governments, as well as the implementation of productive production activities within the DPR and LPR. It is concluded that the systemic interaction of educated institutions of government and society, their mutual trust, and the activities of directly elected institutions of representative democracy are the foundation of legitimate independent statehood and sovereignty of the republics
Related and Competing Norms: Qualification Issues
Authors: Korneeva A. V.
Published: June 2024

The article draws attention to the importance of understanding the signs of related and competing norms for the qualification of crimes. The definition of the ratio of compounds as adjacent or competing is not unambiguous in the study of this issue by various specialists. One of the reasons for the difficulty in identifying the ratio of compositions is the failure to maintain a balance between the casuistic and abstract methods of legislative technique in the construction of criminal law norms. The concept of competition of criminal law norms is given and attention is drawn to two of its most common types: competition of general and special norms and competition of a part and a whole. The definition of related norms is formulated. It is emphasized that related norms can have both neutral and mutually exclusive features. It is concluded that related norms cannot be competitive. The difference in the rules of competition of adjacent and competing norms is that adjacent norms containing neutral features can form an ideal set of crimes, while those containing mutually exclusive features do not, while in the case of competition of norms, a set of crimes is not formed, only one norm is subject to application.
Judicial Discretion in the Application of Criminal Law Norms on Mitigating Circumstances Containing Evaluative Concepts (Paragraphs “a” and “e” of Part 1 of Article 61 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Gracheva Ju. V. , Aubakirova-Ter-Grigoryan N. M.
Published: June 2024

The discretion of the judge is an inevitable phenomenon, which cannot be ignored while individualizing the punishment. One of the tools that is given to law enforcer by the legislator — is evaluative concepts.For the purpose of uniformity of judicial practice in application of criminal legal rules that contain evaluative concepts, the Plenary of the Supreme Court of Russian Federation outlines approximate limits of discretion in its resolutions.However, not all of them are explained by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. Therefore, there are attempts made in this article that allow to outline the boundaries of discretion in the application of paragraphs “a” and “d” of part 1 of Art. 61 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, based on the analysis of scientific studies and judicial practice.The analysis of these mitigating circumstances allows to conclude that accidental coincidence of circumstances can be described as situation when the accused “turned out to be at the wrong time, in the wrong place,” as a result of which he or she inadvertently, suddenly and forcibly commits a crime.The latter characteristic usually inapplicable if there are qualifying signs of a crime or aggravating circumstances in the case.The opportunity itself that was presented for the commission of a crime cannot be considered as an accidental coincidence, rather it could be characterized as sudden intent, i.e. an unintentional and sudden crime.Difficult life circumstances should be understood as the circumstances such as personal-family difficulties or a work-personal difficulties, that forced an accused to commit a crime.
Criminal law confiscation of cryptocurrencies: some problems of law-enforcement practice
Authors: Knyazkov A. A.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the problems of classifying cryptocurrencies as property subject to confiscation in accordance with Chapter 15.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Despite the controversial nature of the possibility of foreclosure on cryptocurrencies, the amendments made to Article 104.1 of the Criminal Code by Federal Law No. 214-FZ of June 13th, 2023, expand the cases of confiscation in cases of crimes in the field of computer information (Chapter 28 of the Criminal Code), which, as a rule, involve the use of cryptocurrencies. The highest court in the new version of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated June 14, 2018 No. 17 “On some issues related to the use of confiscation of property in criminal proceedings” dated 12.12.2023 provides a number of provisions that allow us to judge the expansion of the possibility of using the confiscation of cryptocurrencies. The emerging heterogeneous judicial practice allows for various options for the confiscation of cryptocurrencies, depending on the specifics of the electronic medium and various features of storing cryptocurrencies. The lack of both regulatory and technical support for the execution of the confiscation of cryptocurrencies makes it difficult to effectively confiscate cryptocurrencies and achieve the goals of criminal proceedings, which requires amendments to the current legislation of the criminal cycle.
The concept of “criminal law risk” in the sociology of criminal law: the experience of theoretical understanding
Authors: Voronin V. N.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the concept of criminal law risk, which has become relevant in modern legal discourse. Various methodological approaches to understanding criminal law risk are being investigated. The paper also examines the theoretical concepts of criminal law risk, which have been highlighted in criminal law science in recent years, and also provides some classifications of such risks. Based on the analysis of theoretical material, the author concludes that it is necessary to bring the criminal law understanding of risk closer to other concepts of risks that prevail in other socio-humanities. Special attention is paid to the sociological theory of risk developed by Niklas Luhmann, who considers risk through the prism of systemic theory, emphasizing the social aspects of risky behavior and their impact on social development. The results of the work can be used for further theoretical understanding of criminal law risks, as well as for the development of practical recommendations for their management and minimization in various fields of activity, including innovative ones.