bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and validation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell abundance characteristics in Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection by integrative bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Shi Junhong , Shen Li , Xiao Yanghua , Wan Cailing , Wang Bingjie , Zhou Peiyao , Zhang Jiao , Han Weihua , Hu Rongrong , Yu Fangyou , Wang Hongxiu
Published: November 2024

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen that could cause life-threatening bloodstream infections. The objective of this study was to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers of S. aureus bloodstream infection. Gene expression dataset GSE33341 was optimized as the discovery dataset, which contained samples from human and mice. GSE65088 dataset was utilized as a validation dataset. First, after overlapping the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in S. aureus infection samples from GSE33341-human and GSE33341-mice samples, we detected 63 overlapping genes. Subsequently, the hub genes including DRAM1, PSTPIP2, and UPP1 were identified via three machine-learning algorithms: random forest, support vector machine-recursive feature elimination, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic curve was leveraged to verify the efficacy of the hub genes. DRAM1 (AUC=1), PSTPIP2 (AUC=1), and UPP1 (AUC=1) were investigated and demonstrated significant expression differences (all P < 0.05) and diagnostic efficacy in the training and validation datasets. Furthermore, the relationship between the diagnostic markers and the abundance of immune cells was assessed using cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT). These three diagnostic indicators also correlated with multiple immune cells to varying degrees. The expression of DRAM1 was significantly positively correlated with B cell naive and mast cell activation, and negatively correlated with NK cells and CD4/CD8+ T cells. The expression of PSTPIP2 was significantly positively correlated with macrophage M0, macrophage M1, B cell naive, and dendritic cell activation, while the expression of PSTPIP2 was negatively correlated with NK cells and CD4/CD8+ T cells. Significant negative correlations between UPP1 expression and T cell CD4 memory rest and neutrophils were also observed. Finally, we established a mouse model of S. aureus bloodstream infection and collected the blood samples for RNA-Seq analysis and RT-qPCR experiments. The analysis results in RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR experiments further confirmed the significant expression differences (all P < 0.05) of these three genes. Overall, three candidate hub genes (DRAM1, PSTPIP2, and UPP1) were identified initially for S. aureus bloodstream infection diagnosis. Our study could provide potential diagnostic biomarkers for S. aureus bloodstream infection patients.
IAPP blocks anti-breast cancer function of CD8+T cells via targeting cuproptosis
Authors: Guo Dandan , Huang Zhijian , Wang Qianqian , Chen Wei , Huang Yu , Sun Xinhao , Chen Jian , Feng Shuying
Published: November 2024

Background

Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most prevalent type of cancer worldwide. As a highly heterogeneous cancer, it has a high recurrence rate. Since its biological behavior can be regulated by immunity and cuprotosis, so exploring potential therapeutic target to mediate immunity and cuprotosis is of great significance for BRCA therapy.

Methods

The immune-related genes and immune-cuprotosis-related deferentially expressed genes (ICR-DEGs) were identified by mining the TCGA database. Prognostic analysis, differential expression analysis, univariate and lasso regression analyses were used to determine their independent prognostic values. To evaluate the relationship between ICR-DEGs and immune scores, we constructed a prognostic risk model to evaluate immune checkpoints, and then the role of tumor immune microenvironment in BRCA was explored. Furthermore, anti-BRCA function and mechanism of islet amyloid poly-peptide (IAPP) mediated CD8+T cells were verified by means of flow cytometry, ELISA, and subcutaneous transplantation tumor model.

Results

All results suggested that immune-cuprotosis-related genes were a potential predictor of BRCA’s response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and immunotherapy biomarkers. Thereby downregulation of IAPP reduced cuprotosis of CD8+T or Her2-CAR-T cells to promote the anti-BRCA function both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion

Our research had clarified the function and mechanism of IAPP in CD8+T cells, providing new ideas for improving the diagnosis and treatment of BRCA.
Signature of immune-related metabolic genes predicts the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhuo Weibin , Xia Hongmei , Lan Bin , Chen Yu , Wang Xuefeng , Liu Jingfeng
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The majority of liver cancer cases (90%) are attributed to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which exhibits significant heterogeneity and an unfavorable prognosis. Modulating the immune response and metabolic processes play a crucial role in both the prevention and treatment of HCC. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the immune-related metabolic genes that can accurately reflect the prognosis of HCC.

Methods

In order to address this issue, we developed a prognostic prediction model based on immune and metabolic genes. To evaluate the accuracy of our model, we performed survival analyses including Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Furthermore, we compared the predictive performance of our risk model with existing models. Finally, we validated the accuracy of our risk model using mouse models with in situ transplanted liver cancer.

Results

By conducting lasso regression analysis, we identified four independent prognostic genes: fatty acid binding protein 6 (FABP6), phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (PPAT), spermine synthase (SMS), and dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DHDH). Based on these findings, we constructed a prognostic model. Survival analysis revealed that the high-risk group had significantly lower overall survival (OS) rates. Besides that, the ROC curve demonstrated the effective prognostic capability of our risk model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Furthermore, through animal experiments, we validated the accuracy of our model by showing a correlation between high-risk scores and poor prognosis in tumor development.

Discussion

In conclusion, our prognostic model surpasses those solely based on immune genes or metabolic genes in terms of accuracy. We observed variations in prognosis among different risk groups, accompanied by distinct immune and metabolic characteristics. Therefore, our model provides an original evaluation index for personalized clinical treatment strategies targeting HCC patients.
Tracking control strategy of tendon driven robotic arm under adaptive neural network
Authors: Feng Dapeng , Yu Feng
Published: November 2024

Introduction

With the rapid optimization and evolution of various neural networks, the control problem of robotic arms in the area of automation control has gradually received more attention.

Methods

To improve the control performance of robotic arms under complex dynamic models, this study proposes an adaptive affective radial basis function network control strategy. Firstly, the kinematic and dynamic mathematical models of the tendon driven robotic arm are constructed. Then, by integrating the affective computing model and the radial basis function network, an adaptive affective radial basis function network control algorithm is constructed.

Results and Discussion

The research results indicate that the designed algorithm significantly outperforms the other two compared algorithms in terms of control accuracy and stability. In benchmark performance testing, the designed algorithm has a error accuracy of up to 0.97 and a steady state of up to 0.95. In the simulation results, the maximum torque change of the designed algorithm is only 3.8 Nm, which is much lower than other algorithms. In addition, the control error fluctuation range of this algorithm is between −0.001 and 0.001, almost close to zero error. This study provides a new optimization strategy for precise control of tendon driven robotic arms, and also opens up new avenues for the application of artificial intelligence technology in complex nonlinear system control.
Polymicrobial interactions influence Mycobacterium abscessus co-existence and biofilm forming capabilities
Authors: Nandanwar Nishant , Gu Geoffery , Gibson Joy E. , Neely Michael N.
Published: November 2024

The lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are vulnerable to persistent polymicrobial colonization by bacterial pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and the non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) Mycobacterium abscessus. The polymicrobial milieu within the CF lung impacts individual species fitness, influences biofilm-forming capabilities, pathogenicity, production of virulence factors and even antimicrobial responses, all potentially compromising therapeutic success. Interaction studies among these CF pathogens are very limited, especially studies on the influences of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus on M. abscessus co-existence and virulence. Based on the little known thus far about coinfection of these pathogens, we hypothesize that the co-existence of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus alters M. abscessus virulence and phenotypic characteristics. We evaluated the direct (co-culture) and indirect (using supernatant) effects of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus on M. abscessus growth rate, biofilm formation, macrophage internalization and glycopeptidolipids (GPL) expression. Our observations indicate that P. aeruginosa and S. aureus exert a competitive behavior toward M. abscessus during direct contact or indirect interaction in-vitro, probably as is the case of polymicrobial infections in the lungs of patients with CF. This is the first report that demonstrates S. aureus inhibitory effects on M. abscessus growth and biofilm forming capabilities. Collectively, co-culture studies enhance our understanding of polymicrobial interactions during coinfection and can guide to establish better management of coinfections and treatment strategies for M. abscessus.
A nonlinear relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive function in elderly people: a population-based study from NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Chen Kaiqi , Li Yunhua , Yue Rui , Jin Zhao , Cui Shikui , Zhang Xijian , Zhu Danping , Li Qihui
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aims to explore the association between alcohol intake and cognitive function in elderly Americans, including potential nonlinear relationships and interactions across different subgroups.

Methods

The study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014. The sample included 2,675 Americans aged 60 or older. Multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between alcohol intake and cognitive function. Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were employed to explore potential nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the stability of the results across different subgroups.

Results

The results indicate a significant negative correlation between alcohol intake and cognitive function. In the CERAD total word recall test, for every unit increase in alcohol intake, the score decreased by 0.15 points (−0.15, 95% CI: −0.25, −0.04), and in the CERAD delayed recall test, it decreased by 0.07 points (−0.07, 95% CI: −0.12, −0.01). Compared to Non-Heavy Drinkers, Heavy Drinkers showed a reduction in their CERAD total word recall scores by-0.77 points (−0.77, 95% CI: −1.23, −0.32) and in their CERAD delayed recall scores by-0.28 points (−0.28, 95% CI: −0.52, −0.04). Smooth curve fitting analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between alcohol intake and cognitive function, with breakpoints at 10.7 for the CERAD total word recall test, 4.7 for the Animal fluency test, and 3.85 for the Digit symbol substitution test. Additionally, subgroup analysis indicated that gender, educational level, and smoking status significantly moderated the relationship between alcohol intake and cognitive function, while marital status, race, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer status showed no significant interactions.

Conclusion

The association between alcohol intake and cognitive function in the elderly is complex, influenced by both the amount of intake and individual subgroup characteristics.
Analyzing body composition in living kidney donors: impact on post-transplant kidney function
Authors: Quint Evelien E. , Westenberg Lisa B. , Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke Gertrude J. , van den Broek Eva A. N. , Zorgdrager Marcel , Viddeleer Alain R. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Nolte Ija M. , van Londen Marco , Pol Robert A. ,   TransplantLines Investigators
Published: November 2024

Living donor kidney transplantation boasts superior patient and graft survival rates compared to deceased donor kidney transplantation. However, the impact of living donor body composition (BC) on post-transplant kidney function remains uncertain. In a cohort of 293 living kidney donor-recipients pairs, we utilized linear mixed model analyses, adjusted for time and including a multiplicative interaction term of time with the donor body composition measure, and found no significant associations between any donor BC measure and the annual change in recipient post-transplantation estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [donor body mass index (BMI): B=-0.01, 95%CI -0.13; 0.11, p=0.88; donor waist circumference: B=0.02, 95%CI -0.02; 0.06, p=0.38; donor skeletal muscle index: B=-0.02, 95%CI -0.07; 0.04, p=0.63; donor skeletal muscle radiation attenuation: B=-0.002, 95%CI -0.06; 0.06, p=0.96; donor visceral adipose tissue index: B=-0.001, 95%CI -0.02; 0.02, p=0.93; donor subcutaneous adipose tissue index: B=-0.001, 95%CI -0.02; 0.02, p=0.94; donor intramuscular adipose tissue index: B=-0.12, 95%CI -0.29; 0.06, p=0.19; donor total abdominal adipose tissue index: B=-0.001, 95%CI -0.01; 0.01, p=0.89]. Our study suggests that pre-donation BC does not affect post-transplantation recipient eGFR in donor populations with a BMI below 35 kg/m2.
Dancing robots: aesthetic engagement is shaped by stimulus and knowledge cues to human animacy
Authors: Darda Kohinoor M. , Maiwald Aaron , Raghuram Tanvi , Cross Emily S.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) and robots are increasingly shaping the aesthetic preferences of art consumers, influencing how they perceive and engage with artistic works. This development raises various questions: do cues to the humanness of the origin of an artwork or artist influence our aesthetic preferences?.

Methods

Across two experiments, we investigated how the perception and appreciation of dance is influenced by cues to human animacy. We manipulated Agent Form (human-like or robot-like dancer), Belief about Movement Source (human motion capture or computer animation), Source of Choreography (human- or computer-generated), and Belief about Choreography Source (believed to be human- or computer-generated).

Results

Results pointed toward agent congruence: In Experiment 1, robot agents were preferred when the movement source was believed to be computer animation. In Experiment 2, robot agents were preferred when the choreography was believed to be computer-generated, while choreographies believed to be human-generated were generally preferred. Participants could not accurately identify the actual source of choreography. These results persisted beyond the effects of age, dance expertise, technological expertise, attitudes toward AI, and perceived familiarity, complexity, evocativeness, technical competence, or reproducibility of the dance. Dance expertise, technological expertise, and attitudes toward AI independently impacted aesthetic judgments.

Discussion

These findings provide insights into the design of robotic dance, highlighting features of dance choreography and audience characteristics that influence aesthetic engagement. To enhance AI-driven creative productions, shaping perceptions will be crucial for better audience reception and engagement.
Alkaline phosphatase is associated with vascular depression in patients with severe white matter hyperintensities
Authors: Tao Xi , Yin Yuqi , Zhang Yi , Yang Chen , Wu Siyuan , Tang Wenjing , Li Chen , Song Tao , He Juan
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) poses a substantial risk for depression. Elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) serve not only as an independent predictive factor for acute cerebrovascular events and unfavorable prognoses but also as a significant predictor of depression in premenopausal women. Nevertheless, the association between elevated ALP levels and vascular depression (VDe) in patients presenting with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) remains unclear.

Method

In a cross-sectional survey, 265 individuals diagnosed with CVD were incorporated. Baseline demographic information, fasting blood parameters, and MRI data were systematically gathered for analysis. All patients were divided into a severe WMHs (sWMHs) group and a mild WMHs (mWMHs) group based on their Fazekas score. Univariate analysis of potential variables among different subgroups of patients with scores of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) was performed. Subsequently, the diagnostic effectiveness of multivariables for positive VDe within two WMHs groups was assessed using binary logistic regression. The diagnostic capability of the multivariate approach for VDe was further scrutinized through ordinal logistic regression.

Results

(1) Hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, p = 0.031), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, p = 0.038), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1, p = 0.009), and ALP (p = 0.011) exhibited distinct expression in patients with mWMHs across varying HAMD scores. In contrast, erythrocyte counts (p = 0.024), hemoglobin (Hb, p = 0.011), hs-CRP (p = 0.002), and ALP (p = 0.021) displayed differential expression in patients with sWMHs across different HAMD scores. (2) ALP and hs-CRP combined with APOA1 or Hb can improve the diagnostic efficiency of positive VDe in sWMHs [AUC = 0.849, 95% CI (0.753, 0.946), p < 0.001] or mWMHs [AUC = 0.718, 95% CI (0.603, 0.834), p = 0.002] patients, respectively. (3) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) [OR = 1.016, 95% CI (1.003, 1.028), p = 0.016] is correlated with VDe in patients with sWMHs, a relationship that persisted even following adjustments for age and sex.

Conclusion

The amalgamation of multiple markers enhances the diagnostic efficacy of VDe through WMHs classification. Serum ALP is associated with VDe in sWMHs patients.
Resistance mechanisms and prospects of trastuzumab
Authors: Wang Lizhe , Wang Yu , Li Yueyang , Zhou Li , Du Jiahui , Wang Jin , Liu SiHan , Cao Yongyi , Li Yuzhi , Yang Wenying , Zhu Ting
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer that overexpresses Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2+) due to gene amplification or overexpression constitutes 15-20% of all breast cancer cases. Trastuzumab, the first FDA-approved monoclonal antibody targeting HER2, serves as the standard first-line treatment for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer, as recommended by multiple clinical guidelines.Currently, accumulated clinical evidence reveals a considerable degree of variability in the response of HER2+ breast cancer to trastuzumab treatment. Specifically, over 50% of patients either do not respond to or develop resistance against trastuzumab.The specific mechanisms of resistance to trastuzumab are currently unclear. This paper aims to review the existing research on the resistance mechanisms of trastuzumab, based on its target, from aspects such as genetic loci, molecular structure, signaling pathways, and the tumor microenvironment and to outline current research progress and new strategies.
A case report of a patient with stage IIIa hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by early gastric cancer
Authors: Song Xiaojing , Cai Rangji , Wang Lili , Ding Fanghui , Ni Haixu
Published: November 2024

We report a case of patient with Stage IIIa Hepatocellular Carcinoma Complicated by Early Gastric Cancer. Although Stage IIIa liver cancer can be treated with surgery, the overall prognosis of surgery is not ideal. Alternatively, conversion therapy is reported with different effectiveness towards stage IIIa liver cancer. Herein, this study shared the successful conversion of a patient with stage IIIa liver cancer and with early gastric cancer at Lanzhou University First Hospital, which is hoped to engage clinicians in evaluation and discussion.
Radiomic features of PET/CT imaging of large B cell lymphoma lesions predicts CAR T cell therapy efficacy
Authors: Balagurunathan Yoganand , Wei Zhouping , Qi Jin , Thompson Zachary , Dean Erin , Lu Hong , Vardhanabhuti Saran , Corallo Salvatore , Choi Jung W. , Kim Jenny J. , Mattie Mike , Jain Michael , Locke Frederick L.
Published: November 2024

Background

Relapsed and refractory Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be successfully treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), a CD19-directed autologous chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy. Diagnostic image-based features could help identify the patients who would clinically respond to this advanced immunotherapy.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to establish a radiomic image feature-based signature derived from positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), including metabolic tumor burden, which can predict a durable response to CAR-T therapy in refractory/relapsed DLBCL.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of 155 patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL treated with axi-cel CAR-T therapy. The patients’ disease involvement was evaluated based on nodal or extranodal sites. A sub-cohort of these patients with at least one nodal lesion (n=124) was assessed, while an overlapping sub-cohort (n=94) had at least one extranodal lesion. The lesion regions were characterized using 306 quantitative imaging metrics for PET images and CT images independently. Principal component (PC) analysis was performed to reduce the dimensionality in feature-based functional categories: size (n=38), shape (n=9), and texture (n=259). The selected features were used to build prediction models for survival at 1 year and tested for prognosis to overall/progression-free survival (OS/PFS) using a Kaplan-Meier (KM) plot.

Results

The Shape-based PC features of the largest extranodal lesion on PET were predictive of 1-year survival (AUC 0.68 [0.43,0.94]) and prognostic of OS/PFS (p<0.018). Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) was an independent predictor with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 [0.58, 0.87]. Combining these features improved the predictor performance (AUC of 0.78 [0.7, 0.87]). Additionally, the Shape-based PC features were unrelated to total MTV (Spearman’s ρ of 0.359, p≤ 0.001).

Conclusion

Our study found that shape-based radiomic features on PET imaging were predictive of treatment outcome (1-year survival) and prognostic of overall survival. We also found non-size-based radiomic predictors that had comparable performance to MTV and provided complementary information to improve the predictability of treatment outcomes.
Cannabis combined with oxycodone for pain relief in fibromyalgia pain: a randomized clinical self-titration trial with focus on adverse events
Authors: van Dam Cornelis Jan , Kramers Cornelis , Schellekens Arnt , Bouvy Marcel , van Dorp Eveline , Kowal Mikael A. , Olofsen Erik , Dahan Albert , Niesters Marieke , van Velzen Monique
Published: November 2024

Objectives

We determined whether adding cannabis to oxycodone for chronic non-cancer pain management could reduce treatment-related adverse effects (AEs) while maintaining effective analgesia.

Methods

In this open-label study, fibromyalgia patients aged ≥18 years were randomized to receive 5 mg oxycodone tablets (max. four times/day), 150 mg of inhaled cannabis containing 6.3% Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 8% cannabidiol (max. times inhalation sessions/day), or a combination of both for 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was treatment-related adverse events, assessed using a 10-point composite adverse event (cAE) score; additionally, we recorded daily reported pain relief and daily tablet and cannabis consumption.

Results

In total, 23 patients were treated with oxycodone, 29 with cannabis, and 29 with the oxycodone/cannabis combination. Three patients from the oxycodone group (13%) and 18 patients from the cannabis groups (31%, 9 in each group) withdrew from the trial within 2–3 weeks because of the severity of AEs. There were no differences in treatment-related cAE scores among the three groups that completed the study (p = 0.70). The analgesic responder rate showed a ≥1- point reduction in pain in 50% and a ≥2-point reduction in 20% of patients, while 50% of patients experienced no treatment benefit. The combination treatment reduced oxycodone tablet consumption by 35% (p = 0.02), but it did not affect the number of cannabis inhalation sessions.

Conclusions

Cannabis combined with oxycodone offered no advantage over either treatment alone, except for a reduction in opioid tablet intake; however, the overall drug load was the highest in the combination group. Moreover, cannabis was poorly tolerated and led to treatment discontinuation in one-third of participants treated with cannabis.

Clinical Trial Registration

The trial was registered at the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (trialsearch.who.int) on July 26, 2019, identifier NL7902.
Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of stem cells in major depressive disorder: a comprehensive review
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Wang Yuqian , Zhang Yucheng , Liu Mengran , Rong Xinao , Jiang Jinlan
Published: November 2024

Depression is a common affective disorder characterized by persistent low mood, diminished interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities, disturbances in sleep patterns, and suicidal ideation. Conventional treatments often yield unsatisfactory results and are associated with several adverse effects. However, emerging literature has highlighted the potential of stem cell (SC) transplantation as a promising avenue for treating depression owing to its favorable anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic properties. This review summarizes the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms associated with SC transplantation in depression, offering a conceptual framework for the future application of SCs in the clinical treatment of depression.
The heat of longevity: sex differences in lifespan and body temperature
Authors: Ruocco Chiara , Ragni Maurizio , Nisoli Enzo
Published: November 2024

Dietary restriction (DR) has long been recognized as a powerful intervention for extending lifespan and improving metabolic health across species. In laboratory animals, DR—typically a 30%–40% reduction in caloric intake—delays aging and enhances mitochondrial function, oxidative defense, and anti-inflammatory pathways. In humans, findings from the CALERIE™ trial confirm DR’s potential benefits, with a 25% caloric reduction over 2 years resulting in reduced visceral fat, improved cardiometabolic health, and favorable gene expression changes linked to proteostasis, DNA repair, and inflammation. However, recent research in genetically diverse mouse populations reveals that the impact of DR on lifespan is substantially modulated by genetic background, underscoring the importance of individual variability. Additionally, emerging evidence challenges previous assumptions that lower body temperature universally benefits lifespan extension, with data indicating complex relationships between thermoregulation, sex, and longevity. These findings underscore the need for nuanced approaches to DR in both research and potential therapeutic applications, with considerations for genetic and sex-specific factors to maximize healthspan and lifespan outcomes.
Effects of different preceding crops on soil nutrients and foxtail millet productivity and quality
Authors: Shi Chongyan , Qiu Tian , Zhang Yangyang , Ma Yuchao , Li Xiaorui , Dong Shuqi , Yuan Xiangyang , Song Xi’e
Published: November 2024

Crop rotation can affect crop productivity and soil characteristics; however, the impact of preceding crops on the yield and quality of foxtail millet and the relationship between these two factors have not been well characterised. To further investigate the effects of preceding crops on foxtail millet, this study cultivated maize, mung beans, soybeans, potatoes, and proso millet as the preceding crops and rotated them with Zhangzagu10 foxtail millet. A randomised complete block design was employed for the study, and soil and millet samples were collected after harvest. The performance of Zhangzagu10 foxtail millet grown with five different preceding crops was explored by measuring yield and quality indicators and comprehensively analysing various quality traits and their interrelationships. The physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of millet grains were significantly influenced by the preceding crop. The yield of Zhangzagu10 cultivated after mung bean was significantly higher (8277.47 kg/hm2) than that of millet cultivated after the other crops. Additionally, the colour characteristics (a*, b*, and △E values) were superior, with the rice exhibiting the strongest yellow colour. Foxtail millet preceded by soybean showed a significantly higher thousand-grain weight, indicating well-filled grains. Furthermore, this treatment had rich contents of carotenoids and polyphenols at 34.79 mg/kg and 76.27 mg/100 g, respectively, and significantly higher levels of minerals such as V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Se, and Sn compared to the other treatments. Foxtail millet following mung bean and soybean demonstrated excellent grain quality, featuring high breakage values and gelatinisation, along with low cooking values and gelatinisation temperatures and moderately low setback values. Zhangzagu10 cultivated after potato exhibited a polyphenol content of 67.13 mg/100 g, showcasing strong antioxidant effects. In contrast, proso millet preceded by foxtail millet had relatively lower content levels across various substances, resulting in an overall subpar performance. In summary, selecting appropriate preceding crops can significantly enhance both the yield and quality of Zhangzagu millet. Moreover, soybeans, potatoes, and mung beans can be effectively incorporated into a sustainable crop rotation plan for millet. In the future, we aim to further explore the interaction mechanisms between preceding crops and millet to optimise rotation strategies and improve foxtail millet quality.
Physiological and ecological responses of flue-cured tobacco to field chilling stress: insights from metabolomics and proteomics
Authors: Gu Kaiyuan , Li Xinkai , Su Jiaen , Chen Yi , Yang Chengwei , Li Juan , He Chenggang , Hu Binbin , Zou Congming
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Currently, research on tobacco's response to chilling stress is mostly limited to laboratory simulations, where temperature is controlled to study physiological and molecular responses. However, laboratory conditions cannot fully replicate the complex environment of field chilling stress, so conducting research under field conditions is crucial for understanding the multi-level adaptive mechanisms of tobacco to chilling stress in natural environments.

Methods

This study aims to use field trials, starting from physiological responses, combined with proteomics and untargeted metabolomics, to systematically reveal the physiological and biochemical characteristics and key molecular mechanisms of tobacco leaves under chilling stress. It provides new insights into tobacco's adaptation strategies under chilling stress.

Results

The results showed that (1) chilling stress damages the appearance of tobacco leaves, reduces the chlorophyll content, increases H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in cold-injured tobacco leaves, and damages the plasma membrane system. Although catalase (CAT) activity increases to cope with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the activities of key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) significantly decrease, indicating that the antioxidant system of tobacco leaves fails in environments with sudden temperature drops. (2) Proteomics analysis indicated that 410 differentially expressed proteins were identified in cold-stressed tobacco leaves, with 176 upregulated and 234 downregulated. Tobacco leaves under chilling stress attempt to maintain energy supply and physiological stability by enhancing glycolysis, starch, and sucrose metabolism pathways. Concurrently, chilling stress triggers the expression of proteins related to cell wall reinforcement and antioxidant defense. However, due to impaired ribosomal function, protein synthesis is significantly inhibited, which aggravates damage to photosynthesis and cellular functions. (3) Metabolomics analysis revealed that the differential metabolites in cold-stressed tobacco leaves were mainly enriched in tyrosine metabolism, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, and fatty acid degradation pathways. This indicates that under chilling stress, tobacco leaves enhance adaptability by regulating energy metabolism, increasing antioxidant capacity, and stabilizing cell membrane structure.

Conclusions

Therefore, under chilling stress, tobacco leaves exhibit complex physiological adaptability through multiple regulatory mechanisms involving proteins and metabolites. The research results provide important insights into the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of tobacco in response to extreme environments and also enhance the theoretical foundation for addressing low-temperature stress in practical production.
The implementation of green construction in IKN development by integrating sustainable triangle concept into sustainable development goals
Authors: Yenita Yenita , Soegiarso Roesdiman
Published: November 2024

This study examines the integration of green construction in the development of Indonesia’s new capital city, Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN), by applying the Sustainable Triangle Concept within the framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research addresses critical issues such as environmental sustainability, economic viability, and social inclusivity in developing IKN. Employing a quantitative descriptive approach, the study collected data through a purposive sampling method from 100 stakeholders, including environmental experts, community members, and contractors involved in IKN projects. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis, performed with PLS software, revealed significant relationships between green construction and sustainable development, with the environmental, economic, and social aspects serving as mediating variables. Findings indicate that green construction practices positively impact sustainable development by fostering energy efficiency, utilizing sustainable materials, and enhancing community welfare. The study highlights that sustainable urban development in IKN can serve as a model for balancing economic growth with environmental preservation and social equity, supporting Indonesia’s broader sustainability goals. This research contributes to theoretical and practical knowledge, offering a replicable model for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to implement sustainable practices in urban development. Future research is suggested to further explore the replicability of this model in other regions, addressing broader challenges and opportunities in sustainable urban planning.
6-Fold path to self-forgiveness: an interdisciplinary model for the treatment of moral injury with intervention strategies for clinicians
Authors: DeMarco Michele J.
Published: November 2024

Conscience is the indestructible core of one’s personal identity and their sense of agency in the world. When it passes judgment against them, it generates inner conflict (i.e., moral injury). At its core, moral injury is about trust and sacred relationships, particularly the loss of safe connection with self, society, God/Divine/a Higher Power, and the world. The clash between a person’s conscience and overwhelming existential or psychospiritual experiences, which uniquely defines moral injury, alienates them from life-sustaining relationships. Healing requires more than reordering fractured belief systems. Reestablishing bonds of self-worth, trust, and life-sustaining relationships are essential. This paper presents the 6-Fold Path to Self-Forgiveness (6-FPSF), an interdisciplinary, narrative-based healing writing process for the treatment of moral injury, particularly self-induced moral injury. Self-forgiveness has been associated with psychospiritual and relational well-being. The protocol draws upon theoretical literature, evidence-based psychological interventions, spiritual-oriented practices, creative arts, and somatic exercises for mental health counseling and spiritual/religious ministration. In addition to describing the 6-component therapeutic model, the author offers intervention strategies for clinicians.
Effects of positive education intervention on growth mindset and resilience among boarding middle school adolescents in China: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jianping Gao , Roslan Samsilah , Soh Kim Geok , Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The impact of a growth mindset and resilience on boarding middle school adolescents has received increasing attention from scholars. Nevertheless, research on how to intervene in the growth mindset, and resilience of boarding school adolescents needs further verification. The purpose of this study is to explore whether positive education intervention based on the PERMA (positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement) model will help Chinese boarding middle school adolescents improve their growth mindset and resilience.

Methods

This study is a randomized controlled trial with both a control group and an experimental group, including pre-tests and post-tests. The study subjects were 167 adolescents, including 84 (n1 = 84) adolescents in the experimental group and 83 (n2 = 83) adolescents in the control group.

Results

The results showed that adolescents under the intervention condition reported significantly improved growth mindset and resilience.

Discussion

Compared with the control group, resilience significantly increased. These findings indicate that positive educational intervention is a promising approach to improve boarding adolescents ‘growth mindset and resilience.
Loss of empathy in stroke
Authors: Tang Wai Kwong , Hui Edward , Leung Thomas Wai Hong
Published: November 2024

Background

Loss of empathy (LoE) is common among stroke survivors, yet often undiagnosed and thus untreated. LoE is related to the loss of a caring marital relationship, higher care burden and poorer quality of life in carers. The present study will evaluate the clinical and MRI correlates of LoE in a cohort of stroke survivors. The secondary objective is to describe the 12-month course of LoE.

Methods

The current study is a prospective cohort study. We will recruit 246 subjects. Subjects and carers will receive a detailed assessment at a research clinic at 3, 9, and 15 months after stroke onset (T1/T2/T3). The Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), a 28-item personality assessment tool, will be completed by a carer for each subject. LoE is defined as an IRI total score of 39 or less. Patients will be examined by MRI including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) within 1 week after the onset of stroke. A stepwise logistic regression will be performed to assess the importance of lesions in the regions of interest. To examine the predictors of LoE remission, the demographic, clinical and MRI variables of remitters and non-remitters at T2/T3 will be examined by logistic regression.

Discussion

This project will be the first longitudinal study on LoE in stroke survivors. The results will shed light on the association between prefrontal cortex and subcortical lesions and LoE risk, symptom severity and outcome. The findings will provide data to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical course of LoE in stroke as well as other neurological conditions. They are thus likely to be applicable to the large population of neurological patients at risk of LoE and should also stimulate further research in this field.
Understanding the role of cognitive constructs employed in reading in global math and science achievement
Authors: Arastaman Gökhan , Bulus Metin , Kontaş Hakkı , Özcan Bahadır
Published: November 2024

We utilized PISA-2018 data from 71 countries to investigate the relationship between cognitive constructs employed in reading literacy (locating information, understanding, evaluating and reflecting, single and multiple thinking) and math and science achievement. We found that these cognitive constructs collectively accounted for 56% of the variance in math and 63% in science achievement, even after adjusting for gender, socioeconomic status, and country fixed effects. This means that the majority of cultural differences in math and science achievement (resulting from different education systems) can be explained by cognitive constructs employed in reading. We also noted that, at the country level, coefficients of cognitive constructs employed in reading demonstrated an interesting reconciliatory pattern. Countries with a weaker coefficient on the “locating information” dimension tended to have stronger coefficients on the “understanding” and “evaluation and reflection” dimensions; whereas, countries with a stronger coefficient on “understanding” dimension tended to have a weaker coefficient on “evaluation and reflection” dimension. These findings are particularly significant for STEM interventions aiming to enhance math and science achievement, as they indicate that a substantial portion of the variance in these achievements can be explained by cognitive constructs employed in reading literacy. Furthermore, culture-specific reconciliatory patterns imply that strengths in certain cognitive skills can compensate for weaknesses of others. Therefore, schools should consider modifying their curricula to integrate cognitive constructs employed in reading literacy more into math and science education.
Grandmothers matter: how grandmothers promote maternal perinatal mental health and child development
Authors: Riem Madelon M. E. , van der Straaten Merel
Published: November 2024

Low social support has been identified as a risk factor for maternal perinatal mental health problems. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on general social support or support from the partner, often overlooking the roles of grandparents. This mini review discusses recent developments in perinatal health research showing that supportive grandparents may constitute a protective factor against the development of maternal perinatal mental health problems. In addition, we will discuss how grandparental support may promote fetal and child health. The mini review concludes with a call for more research on the role of grandparents in perinatal health. Recognizing grandmothers as collaborators in maternal and child health may afford more effective perinatal health programs and clinical practice, thereby reducing the risk of adaptational and developmental problems.
Delusion-proneness predicts COVID-19 vaccination behavior
Authors: Acar Kasim , Karagiannidou Ariadni , Olsson Andreas , van Prooijen Jan-Willem , Balter Leonie J. T. , Axelsson John , Ingvar Martin , Lebedev Alexander V. , Petrovic Predrag
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Vaccination-related conspiracy ideation is related to reduced compliance with public health advice globally. Such beliefs have previously been linked to the delusion-proneness trait. However, it is not known how this extends to getting vaccinated.

Methods

Here, we examined how delusion-proneness, as assessed by Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI), is associated with COVID-19 vaccination in a sample of 273 subjects. We also examined whether delusion-proneness predicted the time to get vaccinated, after the vaccine became available.

Results

Unvaccinated subjects were more delusion-prone than vaccinated subjects (W=2225.5, p<0.001, effect-size=0.27). Among vaccinated subjects, higher delusion-proneness was related to longer time to get vaccinated (rs=0.27, p<0.001). These effects remained after adjusting for anxiety, ADHD, and ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) traits as well as for psychiatric diagnoses and sex. Path analyses indicated that the effect of delusion-proneness on vaccination rate was strongly mediated through COVID-19 conspiracy ideation, suggesting that delusion prone individuals first develop specific delusion-like ideas regarding vaccination, which then delays vaccination. An exploratory analysis of written text by subjects instructed to explain why they had vaccinated or not, revealed a difference in reasoning between the groups. Unvaccinated individuals were primarily motivated by concerns about personal safety and potential side effects, while vaccinated individuals stated a desire to protect themselves and others as the primary reasons to get vaccinated.

Discussion

Our results suggest that delusion-proneness is a key factor for attaining conspiracy beliefs, at least in relation to COVID-19 pandemic, and associated with lower vaccination rates as well as longer time to get vaccinated.
The discrepancies in parent and teacher reports of children’s behavioral inhibition provide domain-specific information about psychopathology and parenting
Authors: Sulyok Róza Sára , Miklósi Mónika , Kárpáti Noémi , Györe Szandra , Szabó Brigitta
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Behavioral inhibition is a temperamental factor that increases the risk of internalizing disorders. Therefore, the identification of highly inhibited children is of great importance. However, informant discrepancies make this process difficult. In a cluster analytic approach, we aimed to use both parent and teacher reports of behavioral inhibition in order to gain a more detailed picture about children’s behavioral inhibition in different contexts and to characterize highly inhibited children.

Methods

Parents and teachers of 318 preschool children completed a questionnaire, which included the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire (BIQ) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parents also reported their parenting behavior on the Multidimensional Assessment of Parenting Questionnaire (MAPS). A two-step cluster analysis was conducted on BIQ parent and teacher reports, and the resulting clusters were compared on the SDQ externalizing and internalizing subscales. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for girls and boys to predict cluster membership based on the MAPS hostility, lax control and physical control subscales.

Results

Four clusters were identified, labelled as medium-low (ML), low-elevated (LE), elevated-elevated (EE) and high-high (HH), based on the levels of BIQ parent and teacher reports, respectively. In the HH cluster, mean scores of the SDQ internalizing subscales as reported by parents and teachers were significantly higher, and in boys but not in girls, mean scores of the SDQ externalizing subscale as reported by teachers were lower than in the other clusters. High levels of hostility predicted group membership of HH compared to LE and EE in both genders. Furthermore, in boys, lax control and physical control were also found to be significant when comparing HH to EE and LE, respectively.

Discussion

Our results suggest that the joint use of parent and teacher reports on behavioral inhibition may increase the ability to identify highly inhibited children at risk of developing internalizing disorders and add to our understanding of the underpinnings of children’s inhibited behavior in different contexts.