bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Referring academic library chat reference patrons: how subject librarians decide
Authors: Dempsey Paula R.
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to learn what factors liaison librarians in academic research libraries consider in determining whether to refer chat reference patrons to subject specialists.

Design/methodology/approach

Subject specialists were asked what policies guided their decisions to refer to a specialist and then assessed unreferred chat session transcripts both within and outside their specializations to determine need for a referral.

Findings

Few respondents were guided by formal policies. Contrary to an initial hypothesis, subject area was not a key factor in referring chat. A broader set of criteria included reference interviewing, provision of relevant resources and information literacy instruction. Respondents valued both the depth that subject specialists can provide to reference interactions and the ability of a skilled generalist to support information literacy.

Research limitations/implications

Findings are most applicable to large, public doctoral universities with liaison librarian programs. Assignment of respondents to subject specialist categories was complicated by their broad range of background and expertise.

Practical implications

The study contributes new understanding of referrals to subject specialists who have potential to guide development of formal referral policies in academic library virtual reference services.

Originality/value

The study is the first empirical examination of chat reference referral decisions.
Antecedents and outcomes of health risk perceptions in tourism, following the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Godovykh Maksim , Pizam Abraham , Bahja Frida
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concept of perceived risks, identify the main antecedents and outcomes of health risk perceptions and propose a conceptual model of health risk perceptions in tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper provides a review of the literature on customer risk perceptions, along with their antecedents and outcomes, and proposes a conceptual model of health risk perceptions in tourism.

Findings

Key findings reveal that the main factors of health risk perceptions can be broadly classified into cognitive, affective, individual and contextual components. The proposed conceptual model of health risk perceptions provides a theoretically integrated overview of relationships between all groups of factors, tourists’ risk perceptions and travel intentions.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to theory by offering a new approach to health risk perceptions in tourism, which remain underexplored in previous studies. The literature review adds to the body of knowledge by introducing four main groups of factors affecting tourists’ health risk perceptions, while the conceptual model proposes relationships between these factors, tourists’ risk perceptions and travel intentions.
Clinical outcomes in adult patients with plaque psoriasis treated with ustekinumab under real‐world practice in Korea: A prospective, observational, multi‐center, postmarketing surveillance study
Authors: Youn Sang Woong , Yu Dae Young , Kim Byung Soo , Kim Youngdoe , Kim Kwang Joong , Choi Jee‐Ho , Son Sang Wook , Lee Eun‐So , Ro Young Suck , Park Young Lip , Lee YoungJa , Lee Jeung Hoon , Park Hyun Jeong , Kim Tae Yoon , Lee Min‐Geol , Shin Min Kyung , Choi Gwang Seong , Kim Dong Hyun , Jo Seong Jin , Lee Seung Chul ,   the Stelara PMS investigators
Published: February 2021

Postmarketing surveillance is conducted to establish drug safety and effectiveness under real‐world practice. We aimed to validate the effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab in the treatment of adult Korean patients with plaque psoriasis under real‐world practice. This was a prospective, observational, and multi‐center study. Subjects aged 18 years or older who were treated with ustekinumab for plaque psoriasis were enrolled. We enrolled 977 patients; 654 (66.9%) were men, with mean body surface area (BSA, ± standard deviation) of 27.0 ± 18.3% and mean psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score of 18.1 ± 9.7. The effectiveness analysis was performed in 581 patients who had at least one follow‐up assessment and met treatment criteria per local label and reimbursement guidelines. Of these patients, 287 had effectiveness data for visit 6 at 53.7 ± 2.1 weeks. At visit 6, 91.6% (263/287), 51.2% (147/287), and 9.4% (27/287) patients achieved PASI 75, 90, and 100 responses, respectively. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 112 of the 977 (11.5%) patients with an incidence rate of 21.5 per 100 patient‐years (PYs). Serious AEs occurred in eight (0.8%) patients with an incidence rate of 1.2 per 100 PYs. The estimated 1‐year drug survival rate was 87.7%. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that higher baseline PASI score and no prior biologic exposure were significant predictors for PASI 90 response at visit 6. Ustekinumab was effective and safe, and displayed a high survival rate in the treatment of adult Korean patients with plaque psoriasis in real‐world practice.
Detection of hidden reservoirs under strong shielding based on bi‐dimensional empirical mode decomposition and the Teager–Kaiser operator
Authors: Jiang Xudong , Cao Junxing , Zu Shaohuan , Xu Hanqing , Wang Jun
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we propose a method for revealing hidden reservoirs that are shielded by strong amplitudes. The bi‐dimensional empirical mode decomposition algorithm is used to decompose pre‐stack seismic data into several localized components, which generated from different discontinuities in the subsurface elastic properties. The two‐dimensional Teager–Kaiser energy operator process is applied to the first component, which includes a strong signal, to further locate the strong event. According to the located results, an energy weight matrix is established. By weighted summation of all the components, the strong event is suppressed, and the hidden reservoir becomes more prominent. Tests on a synthetic data and field data from Daniudi confirm that this method can separate strong signals from weaker responses and efficiently reveal shielded reservoirs.
Estimation of P‐wave anisotropy parameters from 3D vertical seismic profile with distributed acoustic sensors and geophones for seismic imaging in the CO2CRC Otway Project
Authors: Popik Sofya , Pevzner Roman , Bona Andrej , Tertyshnikov Konstantin , Glubokovskikh Stanislav , Gurevich Boris
Published: February 2021

The quality and accuracy of a seismic image can be significantly affected by anisotropy. When anisotropy is significant, neglecting it can lead to smearing of the image, dispositioning of reflections and distortion of amplitudes. Thus, it is imperative to estimate anisotropy and take it into account, especially for long‐offset or wide‐azimuthal seismic data. This study estimates P‐wave anisotropy parameters at the Otway site (Victoria, Australia). A wide range of available offsets acquired within the CO2CRC Otway Project provides a unique opportunity for anisotropy estimation from 3D vertical seismic profile data. We estimate P‐wave anisotropy from direct‐wave arrivals in vertical seismic profile data acquired with geophones and distributed acoustic sensors installed in two wells. Data analysis reveals seismic anisotropy of the subsurface with a significant presence of both polar and azimuthal anisotropy. We estimate key parameters such as normal moveout velocity, azimuthal ellipticity, polar anellipticity and fast‐velocity azimuth by nonlinear fitting of the analytical travel‐time approximation to observed direct P‐wave travel times from 3D vertical seismic profile data. Obtained anisotropy parameters show that polar anellipticity remains almost constant and equal to 0.1 for the whole depth range, while azimuthal anisotropy changes significantly with depth: it is relatively weak in the shallow section then increases significantly below a depth of 600 m. The fast‐velocity azimuth coincides with the orientation of the maximum horizontal stress in the study area. The results show that despite their low sensitivity for large offsets, the distributed acoustic sensor receivers provide sufficient information on anisotropic travel times over the entire length of the well, which is critical for reflection imaging from both vertical seismic profile and surface seismic data.
Regional identity formation in Malaysia: Primacy of the political center and its essentialized ethnic identities
Authors: Ostwald Kai , Subhan Mohamed Salihin
Published: February 2021

Contemporary Malaysia is an amalgamation of regions with distinct historical origins and features that provide the raw material for strong regional identities. The Malay‐Muslim nature of the nation‐building project led by the dominant United Malays Nasional Organisation (UMNO) has reified regional identities by sharpening the contrast between them and Malaysia’s political center. Yet while regional identities are often pronounced, Malaysian politics are highly centralized, and neither deep fragmentation along regional lines nor meaningful secessionist movements have materialized. That results from Malaysia’s institutional features and the primacy of highly essentialized, trans‐regional ethno‐religious identities. This article examines the process of regional and ethnic identity formation, which has occurred in an endogenous manner that draws from and reinforces the dominance of UMNO and its political heartland. It argues that the embrace of the ethno‐religious identities has enabled the primacy of Malay‐Muslim considerations in national political discourse and consequently crowded out particularistic regional demands.
Bottom‐Up Unionization in China: A Power Resources Analysis
Authors: Hui Elaine Sio‐ieng
Published: February 2021

Drawing on the modified power resources approach, this article examines efforts at bottom‐up unionization by rural migrant workers in China. Prior to 2010, they utilized their associational power to pursue predominantly immediate economic interests, but since 2010, they have begun to deploy associational power, and societal power at times, in attempts to form enterprise unions that could provide them with workplace institutional power. Through three revelatory in‐depth case studies, the article investigates the efforts made by workers to unionize and the strategies used by employers, the state and the upper‐level unions to suppress them. It highlights that the attainment and exercise of workers’ power do not only play out in relation to employers but are also dependent on the role of the state and its apparatus.
The influence of new immediate tissue level abutment on crestal bone stability of subcrestally placed implants: A 1‐year randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Linkevicius Tomas , Linkevicius Rokas , Gineviciute Evelina , Alkimavicius Jonas , Mazeikiene Asta , Linkeviciene Laura
Published: February 2021

Background

The relation between implant abutment disconnection (AD) and increased crestal bone loss is still debated.

Purpose

To compare bone changes below implant‐abutment junction of subcrestally placed implants between: (1) implant level restorations, that underwent four ADs and (2) implants with immediate tissue level abutment with no AD, 1 month (T2) and 1‐year (T3) after final restoration delivery.

Materials and methods

Sixty‐four patients received 64 bone level implants with platform‐switching and conical connection in edentulous sites of posterior mandible and maxilla. All implants were placed 1.5 mm subcrestally and distributed among: (1) control group, that received a regular healing abutment and (2) test group with immediate tissue level (ITL) abutment, which was torqued to implants during surgery, transforming bone level implant to tissue level type. After 2–3 months of healing and a 1‐month temporization, final zirconia‐based screw‐retained crowns were delivered to both groups. Crestal bone levels were calculated after final crown delivery (T2); after 1‐year follow‐up (T3) and compared using Mann–Whitney U test (p ≤ .05).

Results

Early bone loss of the test and control groups was 0.14 ± 0.27 mm and 0.64 ± 0.64 mm, respectively; the 0.5 mm difference was statistically significant (p = .0001). Late bone loss was 0.06 ± 0.16 mm and 0.21 ± 0.56 mm for the test and control group, respectively; the 0.15 mm difference between the groups was no more statistically significant (p = .22). Both groups displayed bone gain, 0.08 and 0.43 mm, respectively, and the overall crestal bone loss was reduced.

Conclusions

Immediate tissue level abutments can significantly reduce early bone loss when measured 1 month after final prosthesis delivery, however, after 1‐year follow‐up, difference between the groups was no more statistically significant.
Specific niche requirements underpin multidecadal range edge stability, but may introduce barriers for climate change adaptation
Authors: Firth Louise B. , Harris Daniel , Blaze Julie A. , Marzloff Martin P. , Boyé Aurélien , Miller Peter I. , Curd Amelia , Vasquez Mickaël , Nunn Julia D. , O’Connor Nessa E. , Power Anne Marie , Mieszkowska Nova , O’Riordan Ruth M. , Burrows Michael T. , Bricheno Lucy M. , Knights Antony M. , Nunes Flavia L. D. , Bordeyne François , Bush Laura E. , Byers James E. , David Carmen , Davies Andrew J. , Dubois Stanislas F. , Edwards Hugh , Foggo Andy , Grant Lisa , Green J. A. Mattias , Gribben Paul E. , Lima Fernando P. , McGrath David , Noël Laure M. L. J. , Seabra Rui , Simkanin Christina , Hawkins Stephen J.
Published: February 2021

Aim

To investigate some of the environmental variables underpinning the past and present distribution of an ecosystem engineer near its poleward range edge.

Location

>500 locations spanning >7,400 km around Ireland.

Methods

We collated past and present distribution records on a known climate change indicator, the reef‐forming worm Sabellaria alveolata (Linnaeus, 1767) in a biogeographic boundary region over 182 years (1836–2018). This included repeat sampling of 60 locations in the cooler 1950s and again in the warmer 2000s and 2010s. Using species distribution modelling, we identified some of the environmental drivers that likely underpin S. alveolata distribution towards the leading edge of its biogeographical range in Ireland.

Results

Through plotting 981 records of presence and absence, we revealed a discontinuous distribution with discretely bounded sub‐populations, and edges that coincide with the locations of tidal fronts. Repeat surveys of 60 locations across three time periods showed evidence of population increases, declines, local extirpation and recolonization events within the range, but no evidence of extensions beyond the previously identified distribution limits, despite decades of warming. At a regional scale, populations were relatively stable through time, but local populations in the cold Irish Sea appear highly dynamic and vulnerable to local extirpation risk. Contemporary distribution data (2013–2018) computed with modelled environmental data identified specific niche requirements which can explain the many distribution gaps, namely wave height, tidal amplitude, stratification index, then substrate type.

Main conclusions

In the face of climate warming, such specific niche requirements can create environmental barriers that may prevent species from extending beyond their leading edges. These boundaries may limit a species’ capacity to redistribute in response to global environmental change.
Role of morphology in shaping the feeding niche of fishes inhabiting Eastern Himalayan torrential rivers of West Bengal, India
Authors: Podder Anupam , Panja Soumyadip , Chaudhuri Atreyee , Roy Anwesha , Biswas Missidona , Homechaudhuri Sumit
Published: February 2021

Ecomorphology and trophic ecology are considered important features in comprehending the feeding structure of fish communities. This study assesses the ecomorphological relationships among 45 fish species inhabiting the Eastern Himalayan torrential rivers, Murti and Jaldhaka by identifying morphological and trophic associations highlighted by prey acquisition strategies and the potential phylogenetic convergence among morphological traits. Two approaches (3‐guild and 5‐guild) were employed for evaluating the prediction accuracy of morphology in classifying the guilds. While the former was based on “troph” (dietary index) values, the later focussed on diet dissimilarity matrix. In terms of phylogenetic relatedness, traits such as caudal peduncle aspect ratio and mouth protrusion showed prominent phylogenetic signal which suggested their evolutionary convergence in certain groups. Subsequent modelling suggested that while linear discriminant model showed morphological traits to have higher accuracy (91.1%) in classifying the three guilds as compared to five guilds (72.31%), redundancy model (explaining 85.26% constrained variance) revealed a morphological association with specific prey type selection. Additionally, linear models showed substantial variation (93.72%) in the dietary index being addressed by the 5‐guild classification as compared to the 3‐guild (79.72%). Results suggested that in terms of prey composition or selectivity, the 5‐guild model was more suited in representing the feeding structure while the morphological traits reflected a broader scheme of classification (3‐guild model). Hence, this provides an ecological insight into the different modes of resource utilisation by the coexisting species which are being expressed in their differentiating morphologies, with certain traits being phylogenetically conserved within specific feeding groups.
Microbial metabolic response to winter warming stabilizes soil carbon
Authors: Tian Jing , Zong Ning , Hartley Iain P. , He Nianpeng , Zhang Jinjing , Powlson David , Zhou Jizhong , Kuzyakov Yakov , Zhang Fusuo , Yu Guirui , Dungait Jennifer A. J.
Published: February 2021

Current consensus on global climate change predicts warming trends with more pronounced temperature changes in winter than summer in the Northern Hemisphere at high latitudes. Moderate increases in soil temperature are generally related to faster rates of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition in Northern ecosystems, but there is evidence that SOC stocks have remained remarkably stable or even increased on the Tibetan Plateau under these conditions. This intriguing observation points to altered soil microbial mediation of carbon‐cycling feedbacks in this region that might be related to seasonal warming. This study investigated the unexplained SOC stabilization observed on the Tibetan Plateau by quantifying microbial responses to experimental seasonal warming in a typical alpine meadow. Ecosystem respiration was reduced by 17%–38% under winter warming compared with year‐round warming or no warming and coincided with decreased abundances of fungi and functional genes that control labile and stable organic carbon decomposition. Compared with year‐round warming, winter warming slowed macroaggregate turnover rates by 1.6 times, increased fine intra‐aggregate particulate organic matter content by 75%, and increased carbon stabilized in microaggregates within stable macroaggregates by 56%. Larger bacterial “necromass” (amino sugars) concentrations in soil under winter warming coincided with a 12% increase in carboxyl‐C. These results indicate the enhanced physical preservation of SOC under winter warming and emphasize the role of soil microorganisms in aggregate life cycles. In summary, the divergent responses of SOC persistence in soils exposed to winter warming compared to year‐round warming are explained by the slowing of microbial decomposition but increasing physical protection of microbially derived organic compounds. Consequently, the soil microbial response to winter warming on the Tibetan Plateau may cause negative feedbacks to global climate change and should be considered in Earth system models.
No evidence for increased loss of old carbon in a temperate organic soil after 13 years of simulated climatic warming despite increased CO2 emissions
Authors: Briones Maria J. I. , Garnett Mark H. , Ineson Phil
Published: February 2021

Determining the temperature sensitivity of terrestrial carbon (C) stores is an urgent priority for predicting future climate feedbacks. A key aspect to solve this long‐standing research gap is to determine whether warmer temperatures will increase autotrophic activities leading to greater C storage or promote heterotrophic activities that will drive these systems to become C sources. We experimentally addressed this critical question by subjecting intact plant‐soil systems in a UK upland ecosystem to simulated climate warming under natural field conditions. We report the results of a 13‐year field‐based climate manipulation experiment combining in situ respiration measurements with radiocarbon (14C) analyses of respired CO2, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil and the tissue contents of the dominant soil fauna (enchytraeids). We found that warming during the growing season produced the largely expected increases in ecosystem respiration (63%) and leaching of DOC (19%) with no evidence for thermal acclimation or substrate exhaustion over the whole 13‐year experimental period. Contrary to expectations, we found no evidence to support an increased release of old soil C after more than a decade of simulated climatic change, and indeed, 14C analyses indicated that warming caused a significant shift towards mineralisation of more recent plant‐derived C inputs. Further support came from the radiocarbon analyses of the enchytraeid tissues, which showed a greater assimilation of the more recent (plant‐derived) C sources following warming. Therefore, in contrast to subarctic ecosystems, our results suggest that changes in C storage in this UK upland soil are strongly coupled to plant activities and that increasing temperatures will drive the turnover of organic material fixed only within recent years, without resulting in the loss of existing old carbon stores.
THE SLOTHFUL PROTEST: ACEDIA IN TERÉZIA MORA'S DARIUS‐KOPP TRILOGY AND IRIS HANIKA'S DAS EIGENTLICHE
Authors: Cosgrove Mary
Published: February 2021

This article examines how Terézia Mora's Darius‐Kopp trilogy (Der einzige Mann auf dem Kontinent (2009), Das Ungeheuer (2013), Auf dem Seil (2018)) and Iris Hanika's novel Das Eigentliche (2010) use the early Christian motif of acedia to critique contemporary capitalism. It argues that in these works acedia, the originally theological discourse on the ‘sin of sloth’, articulates a form of passive protest against the conditions of working life and life more generally in ‘fast’ capitalism. Protest takes the form of exhaustion, boredom, and cumulative overwhelming, all of which are attributes of acedia. The article also considers how both authors experiment with signification, arguing that in so doing they expose what Slavoj Žižek calls ‘the inertia of the Real’: in the contemporary context, everyday digital technologies which remediate information. These aesthetic innovations, which emphasise the materiality of signification in the creaturely world of modern acedia, point to the frailty of contemporary capitalism and its uncertain future.
THE POLITICS OF ‘PRIMARY REJECTION’ IN HERMAN MELVILLE'S BARTLEBY AND HITO STEYERL'S HOW NOT TO BE SEEN: RACISM, (IL)LEGIBILITY, SURVEILLANCE, AND DETERMINATE NEGATION
Authors: Ring Annie
Published: February 2021

In this article I analyse the primary rejections depicted in Herman Melville's Urtext on the withdrawal of complicity, Bartleby (1853), and Hito Steyerl's video installation How Not to be Seen (2013), which experiments with a Bartleby‐like withdrawal from surveillance through becoming illegible to machine vision. My focus is on the potential of primary rejection to reveal the disavowed content of racist violence foundational to the regimes (financial, sociotechnical) rejected in these texts. Adopting a hermeneutic of hauntology, my reading of Bartleby emphasises its publication context amid the slow struggles over the abolition of slavery in the US, to explore the connections between Bartleby's strike and the history of racist violence lingering in Melville's depiction of an oddly vacant Wall Street. Turning to Steyerl's video installation, I evaluate the techniques it proposes for becoming Bartlebys of the digital age, emphasising the complexity of Steyerl's mobilisation of mixed‐footage montage to explore the dangers of legibility and invisibility in a racist internet era. Throughout, I set these two works in dialogue with leading interpretations of Bartleby, with Adorno and Horkheimer's interpretation of Hegel's ‘determinate negation’, hauntological analyses of German and other texts, and current theories of race and surveillance to pose the question: for whom is primary rejection affordable and who, like Bartleby, will perish if they try to exit dominant schemes of legibility?
MÜSSIGGANG IST ALLER LASTER ANFANG? LITERARISCHE UND FILMISCHE TYPEN DER VERWEIGERUNG IM MILIEU DER DEUTSCHEN GEGENKULTUR DER 1960ER/70ER JAHRE
Authors: Bangert Sara
Published: February 2021

The article focuses on specific forms, characters and types of ‘primary rejection’ or refusal that emerged in German subculture and deviant counterculture in the 1960s and 1970s, rejecting the cultural norms of mainstream society. Beginning with socially distinctive figures such as the layabout and the commune‐dweller, the article examines their alliance with and affiliation to literary traditions and theoretical concepts of ‘non‐working’, leisure and idleness. These alliances are explored further by means of a typological approach that takes examples of layabouts, idlers and shirkers from literature and film to sketch out a panorama of various conceptualisations of refusal and ‘non‐working’.

Der Artikel fokussiert auf spezifische Formen, Charaktere und Typen ‘primärer Ablehnung’ oder Verweigerung im Milieu der deutschen Subkultur und Gegenkultur der 1960er und 70er Jahre, die die kulturellen Normen der Mehrheitsgesellschaft ablehnen. Ausgehend von den Sozialfiguren des Gammlers und des Kommunarden zeigt er deren Allianzen und Affiliationen mit literarischen Traditionen und theoretischen Konzepten der Nichtarbeit, der Muße und des Müßiggangs auf. Diese Allianzen werden mittels eines typologischen Ansatzes weiter verfolgt, der an literarischen und filmischen Beispielen davon abzugrenzender Typen von Gammlern, Müßiggängern und Nichtstuern ein Panorama unterschiedlicher Konzeptualisierungen von Verweigerung und Nichtarbeit andeutet.
DORA AND HER SISTERS: FEMALE TROUBLEMAKERS AND THE CULTURAL POLITICS OF DETACHMENT1
Authors: KOLKENBROCK MARIE
Published: February 2021

The cultural history of the ‘troublemaker’ (Dieter Thomä) seems to be dominated by male figures. Critically reflecting on this androcentric focus, the article examines the concept of ‘primary rejection’ as a specific form of ‘troublemaking’ through a re‐reading of Sigmund Freud's ‘Dora Case’. Dora's refusal to continue her treatment in Freud's psychoanalytic setting is not yet informed by a critical discourse against patriarchal normativity, but it has created a moment of irritation that leaves her case open to critical interpretation and retrospective framing. Drawing upon Sara Ahmed's analysis of the ‘cultural politics of emotions’ as well as on Judith Butler's concept of ‘passionate attachment’, this reading of Freud's case study reveals Dora's primary rejection as a gesture of detachment from normative, culturally constructed assignments of identity and desire. The troubling effect of this moment is not only evidenced in the rich body of feminist criticism within the psychoanalytic field and beyond that the Dora Case has produced, but is also mirrored in the primary rejections of female troublemakers in the fictional literature and culture of the twentieth century.
Impact of globalization and governance determinants on economic growth: An empirical analysis of Asian economies
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Abbas Hafiz Syed Mohsin , Sun Chunxia , Gillani Samreen , Ullah Atta , Raza Muhammad Ahsan Ali
Published: February 2021

Globalization is an inevitable and irresistible process because many regional integrations emerged in the modern era. A global integration analysis, employing a country’s governance practices, offers various economic benefits and exerts socio‐economic pressures on different economies. This study uses the KOF Globalization Index and Institutional Governance Indicators as explanatory variables and examines their impacts on GDP growth as a dependent variable. The study employed Two‐step System GMM with a sample of 45 Asian economies, with the time horizon from 2003 to 2017. The outcomes show that globalization has positively impacted economic growth, sound regulatory control, and political stability. It further states that practical, feasible, and corruption‐free or transparent economic policies significantly contribute to the economic progression of Asian economies, and help to achieve sustainable development. The study concludes by suggesting that some economic and governance recommendations strengthen struggling Asian economies by addressing the globalization phenomenon tactfully. Future studies can be explored by globalization’s impact on socio‐economic development by taking regional integration as a moderating effect, which controls factors such as governance and institutional quality.

Practitioners points

The outcomes show that sound regulatory control, political stability, and global integration have positively impacted economic growth.

Corruption‐free or transparent economic policies significantly contribute to the economic progression of Asian economies and help to achieve sustainable development.

Prudent economic governance practices strengthen struggling Asian economies by approaching the globalization phenomenon prudently.
Death determination, organ donation and the importance of the Dead Donor Rule following withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatment: a survey of community opinions
Authors: O'Leary Michael J. , Skowronski George , Critchley Christine , O'Reilly Lisa , Forlini Cynthia , Sheahan Linda , Stewart Cameron , Kerridge Ian
Published: February 2021

Background

Background: Organ donation (OD) following circulatory determination of death (DCDD) is an increasing source of transplant organs but little is known about community opinions on treatment withdrawal, determination of death and acceptance of OD in DCDD.

Aims

To determine attitudes on death determination in DCDD, the importance of patient choice in treatment withdrawal and OD agreement, and the importance of the ‘Dead Donor Rule’.

Methods

Scenario‐based online survey of 1017 members of the Australian general public. Mean levels of agreement across respondent's responses to statements were compared by repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

54% (548) of respondents agreed that a DCDD scenario patient could be declared dead 2 minutes after circulatory standstill, however over 80% nonetheless agreed OD would be appropriate, including 77% (136/176) of those disagreeing with a 2‐minute death declaration. 48% (484) supported OD even if it caused the patient's death. 75% (766) would accept relatively benign ante‐mortem treatments administered to improve transplant outcomes. Over 70% supported a high quadriplegic patient's request to be allowed to die, with 61% (622) agreeing that he should be allowed to donate his organs under anaesthesia, but 60% (610) also agreed that he should first be declared dead.

Conclusions

We found high levels of support for treatment withdrawal in severe brain injury and when requested by a quadriplegic patient. While there was variable agreement with the timing of death determination and with OD under anaesthesia, support for OD was high in both scenarios. For many people death determination prior to OD may not be of paramount importance.
Local Traditions and Global Inspiration: Design Students in Singapore and Norway
Authors: Rynning Margaret
Published: February 2021

Today’s graphic design students embody inspiration from sources associated with globalisation, not least online, as well as local impulses from everyday life. In this article, we draw upon the work of two student groups – one in Norway, one in Singapore – to investigate the relationship between input and how they are used to design the packaging of food products. Two classes got similar design briefs and worked simultaneously in two countries, communicating through a common Facebook group. By the end of the project, each class discussed and analysed their sources of inspiration. The design solutions were dissected in separate design elements to look for national characteristics, despite similar international digital inspiration. By investigating cultural differences and similarities in designing based on the hypothesis that design students in Singapore and Norway have the same online design inspiration, this article demonstrates how international sources of inspiration affect the local visual traditions of designers. However, the prioritisation of design elements reveals that despite living in a global network society, designers still adhere to national design traditions.
Process evaluation of couple‐based psychoeducation program for first‐time parents
Authors: Lam Winsome , Ngai Fei Wan
Published: February 2021

Rationale

Postpartum depression is a worldwide public health issue that can have long‐term impact on the family. It is crucial to evaluate intervention program to help new parents cope with the stress of parenthood to reduce the risk of postpartum depression. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived benefits of the couple‐based psychoeducation to first‐time Hong Kong Chinese parents, and the crucial factors influencing the effectiveness of this program underpinned by the concept of process evaluation.

Method

Using an exploratory qualitative design, a purposeful sample of 27 couples who had participated in the program were interviewed at 1‐3 months postpartum. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews and analysed by thematic analysis.

Findings

The findings showed that the parents perceived the program to be useful in enhancing their parenting skills and emotional control, and increasing their sense of support. The effectiveness of the program was facilitated by (a) the predisposing factors such as couple‐based approach to enhance mutual expectation and shared decision making when experiencing and managing challenges, and telephone follow‐up calls to sustain the continuity of care from hospital to the community, (b) the enabling factor for instance, the time of intervention arranged in non‐working hour, and (c) reinforcing factor namely involvement of midwives during program implementation and telephone follow‐up consultation.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest the potential of the couple‐based psychoeducation to support first‐time parents in taking care of their children and controlling their emotions in this critical transition. The program could be integrated into maternal and child care services on a regular basis, and thus accessible to all first‐time parents.
Who Wears the Pants? Gender Identity Norms and Intrahousehold Financial Decision‐Making
Authors: KE DA
Published: February 2021

Using microdata from U.S. household surveys, I document that families with a financially sophisticated husband are more likely to participate in the stock market than those with a wife of equal financial sophistication. This pattern is best explained by gender identity norms, which constrain women's influence over intrahousehold financial decision‐making. A randomized controlled experiment reveals that female identity hinders idea contribution by the wife. These findings underscore the roles of intrahousehold bargaining and traditional norms in shaping household financial decisions.
Isolation and characterization of Escherichia albertii in poultry at the pre‐harvest level
Authors: Hinenoya Atsushi , Li Xing‐Ping , Zeng Ximin , Sahin Orhan , Moxley Rodney A. , Logue Catherine M. , Gillespie Barbara , Yamasaki Shinji , Lin Jun
Published: February 2021

Escherichia albertii, often misidentified as Escherichia coli, has become an emerging foodborne human enteric pathogen. However, the prevalence and major animal reservoirs of this significant pathogen are still not clear. Here, we performed comprehensive microbiological, molecular, comparative genomics and animal studies to understand the status and features of E. albertii in the US domestic and food animals. Although no E. albertii was identified in a total of 1,022 diverse E. coli strains isolated from pets and food animals in a retrospective screening, in a pilot study, E. albertii was successfully isolated from a broiler farm (6 out of 20 chickens). The chicken E. albertii isolates showed clonal relationship as indicated by both pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole‐genome sequence analysis. The isolated chicken E. albertii displayed multidrug resistance; all the resistance determinants including the extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase gene, carried by plasmids, could be conjugatively transferred to E. coli, which was further confirmed by S1‐PFGE and Southern hybridization. Whole‐genome sequence‐based phylogenetic analysis showed the chicken E. albertii strains were phylogenetically close to those of human origins. Challenge experiment demonstrated that the E. albertii strains isolated from human and wild bird could successfully colonize in the chicken intestine. Together, this study, for the first time, reported the isolation of E. albertii in poultry at the pre‐hrvest level. The findings from multi‐tier characterization of the chicken E. albertii strains indicated the importance of chickens as a reservoir for E. albertii. A large scale of E. albertii survey in poultry production at the pre‐harvest level is highly warranted in the future.
Beyond the Motor Domain: Exploring the Secondary Effects of a Fundamental Motor Skill Intervention for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Elliott Leanne K. , Weiss Jonathan A. , Lloyd Meghann
Published: February 2021

Early motor skill interventions have been shown to improve the motor skill proficiency of children with autism spectrum disorder; however, little is known about the secondary effects associated with these types of interventions (e.g., influence on behavior, social skills, family dynamics). The purpose of this qualitative study was to (a) investigate parents’ perceptions of the child-level benefits associated with a fundamental motor skill intervention for their 4-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder and (b) explore how child-level benefits influenced the family unit. Eight parents (N = 8) were interviewed (semistructured) about their experiences with the intervention for their child(ren); the study was grounded in phenomenology. Five main child-level benefits emerged, including improvements with (a) motor skills, (b) social skills, (c) listening skills, (d) turn-taking skills, and (e) transition skills. The child-level benefits then extended to family members in a number of ways (e.g., more positive sibling interactions). These findings highlight several important secondary effects that should be investigated in future research.
Interactive Digital Experience as an Alternative Laboratory (IDEAL): Creative Investigation of Forensic Biomechanics
Authors: Troutman Valerie A. , Grimm Michele J.
Published: February 2021

An Interactive Digital Experience as an Alternative Laboratory (IDEAL) was developed and implemented in a flipped biomechanics classroom. The IDEAL challenge problem was created to more closely simulate a real-world scenario than typical homework or challenge problems. It added a more involved story, specific characters, simple interaction, and student-led inquiry into a challenge problem. Students analyzed musculoskeletal biomechanics data to conduct a forensic biomechanics investigation of an individual who suffered a fracture. Students ultimately approached the IDEAL problem with a greater appreciation and enjoyment than previous open-ended challenge problems—those that were assigned in a traditional problem-statement manner—throughout the semester. Students who were more fully engaged in the IDEAL challenge problem, as evidenced by the fact that they requested all of the evidence on their own, also performed better on the final report grade. This signals improved learning with respect to biomechanical analysis when the students were creatively participating in the storyline surrounding the forensic investigation.
Experience and Construction of Mental Health Among English Female Football Match Officials
Authors: Webb Tom , Gorczynski Paul , Oftadeh-Moghadam Shakiba , Grubb Laura
Published: February 2021

Research into the mental health of female sport match officials is scarce, despite verbal and physical abuse being commonplace. Twelve female match officials officiating male and female matches took part in semistructured interviews, investigating their experiences and understanding of their mental health. Deductive thematic analysis identified four overarching themes: male and female football environments; abuse, sexism, and homophobia in football; formal and informal support networks; and mental health knowledge and experience—accessing services. The results revealed toxic, abusive, male-dominated environments that included sexist and derogatory language, negatively affecting their mental health. The female match officials struggled to ascertain mechanisms for support and identified that the educational courses and local organizations did not provide mental health information or training, and match officials often experienced poor mental health during and after matches. Increased engagement with mental health literacy and policy change from governing bodies is required, given the unique challenges female match officials face.
Danish scientists see tough times ahead as variant rises
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: February 2021

Some say the country should reopen—even if it causes cases to surge—once vulnerable populations are vaccinated.
Science bill rankles Mexican research community
Authors: Jaber Inés Gutiérrez
Published: February 2021

Scientists feel ignored in debate over law that would reshape governance and funding.
Species? Climate? Cost? Ambitious goal means trade-offs
Authors: Stokstad Erik
Published: February 2021

Biden aims to protect 30% of U.S. land and water by 2030.
For better drugs, diversify clinical trials
Authors: Bumpus Namandjé N.
Published: February 2021

Genetic variation in drug metabolism can affect drug outcomes
Superspreading genomes
Authors: Alizon Samuel
Published: February 2021

Virus mutations help to unravel key epidemiological events
Efficient Treatment of Experimental Cerebral Malaria by an Artemisone-SMEDDS System: Impact of Application Route and Dosing Frequency
Authors: Zech Johanna , Salaymeh Nadeen , Hunt Nicholas H. , Mäder Karsten , Golenser Jacob
Published: February 2021

Artemisone (ART) has been successfully tested
in vitro
and in animal models against several diseases. However, its poor aqueous solubility and limited chemical stability are serious challenges.
Point-Counterpoint: Should Clinical Microbiology Laboratories Report Vancomycin MICs?
Authors: Revolinski Sara L. , Doern Christopher D.
Published: February 2021

With numerous reported challenges to reporting MICs for vancomycin, clinical laboratories are attempting to identify accurate methods for MIC testing. However, the issues of poor reproducibility, accuracy, and clinical utility remain a challenge. In this Point-Counterpoint, Dr. Sara Revolinski discusses the pros of reporting MICs for vancomycin, while Dr. Christopher Doern argues for the use of caution.
An extreme climate gradient-induced ecological regionalization in the Upper Cretaceous Western Interior Basin of North America
Authors: Burgener Landon , Hyland Ethan , Griffith Emily , Mitášová Helena , Zanno Lindsay E. , Gates Terry A.
Published: February 2021

The Upper Cretaceous Western Interior Basin of North America provides a unique laboratory for constraining the effects of spatial climate patterns on the macroevolution and spatiotemporal distribution of biological communities across geologic timescales. Previous studies suggested that Western Interior Basin terrestrial ecosystems were divided into distinct southern and northern communities, and that this provincialism was maintained by a putative climate barrier at ∼50°N paleolatitude; however, this climate barrier hypothesis has yet to be tested. We present mean annual temperature (MAT) spatial interpolations for the Western Interior Basin that confirm the presence of a distinct terrestrial climate barrier in the form of a MAT transition zone between 48°N and 58°N paleolatitude during the final 15 m.y. of the Cretaceous. This transition zone was characterized by steep latitudinal temperature gradients and divided the Western Interior Basin into warm southern and cool northern biomes. Similarity analyses of new compilations of fossil pollen and leaf records from the Western Interior Basin suggest that the biogeographical distribution of primary producers in the Western Interior Basin was heavily influenced by the presence of this temperature transition zone, which in turn may have impacted the distribution of the entire trophic system across western North America.
Infected native aortic aneurysm with spondylodiscitis in an elderly septic man with back pain
Authors: Ng Jian Hui , Heng Kenneth Wei Jian
Published: February 2021

Infected aortic aneurysm is a rare disease and is often overlooked as a source of infection in septic elderly patients. We present a case of a septic elderly man with a ruptured infected aortic aneurysm caused bySalmonella enteritidis. This condition was treated non-surgically with percutaneous endovascular aneurysm repair and antibiotics. The postoperative recovery was complicated a month later by spondylodiscitis and psoas abscess. He underwent radiologically guided drainage of the psoas abscess and was placed on lifelong suppressive antibiotics. We discuss the aetiology, treatment options and complications of this condition.
Developing a multimodal biosensor for remote physiological monitoring
Authors: Smith Michael , Withnall R , Anastasova S , Gil-Rosa B , Blackadder-Coward J , Taylor N
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Several UK military expeditions have successfully used physiological sensors to monitor participant’s physiological responses to challenging environmental conditions. This article describes the development and trial of a multimodal wearable biosensor that was used during the first all-female unassisted ski crossing of the Antarctic land mass. The project successfully transmitted remote real-time physiological data back to the UK. The ergonomic and technical lessons identified have informed recommendations for future wearable devices.

Method

The biosensor devices were designed to be continuously worn against the skin and capture: HR, ECG, body surface temperature, bioimpedance, perspiration pH, sodium, lactate and glucose. The data were transmitted from the devices to an android smartphone using near-field technology. A custom-built App running on an android smartphone managed the secure transmission of the data to a UK research centre, using a commercially available satellite transceiver.

Results

Real-time physiological data, captured by the multimodal device, was successfully transmitted back to a UK research control centre on 6 occasions. Postexpedition feedback from the participants has contributed to the ergonomic and technical refinement of the next generation of devices.

Conclusion

The future success of wearable technologies lies in establishing clinical confidence in the quality of the measured data and the accurate interpretation of those data in the context of the individual, the environment and activity being undertaken. In the near future, wearable physiological monitoring could improve point-of-care diagnostic accuracy and inform critical medical and command decisions.