bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical analysis of oriented cell movement by nanostructure-based biosensors
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Meijie
Published: January 2021

Due to the numerous diseases caused by apoptosis, the existing methods for detecting early apoptosis are not effective. To explore the effect of nanostructured biosensors on the directional movement of cells, silica@quantum dot-concanavalin A (SiO2@QDs-ConA) nanoprobes were prepared, and cholesterol amperometric biosensors based on carbon nanotubes were constructed by using the layer-by-layer assembly method. The results showed that in the presence of apoptotic cells, a sharp anodic stripping voltammetric signal was obtained, with a peak potential of about −0.7 V, corresponding to the oxidation peak of the cadmium (Cd2+) ion of the combined quantum dot nanoprobe. The signal of apoptotic cells was 3.9 and 15.0 times higher than those of normal cells and no cells, respectively, indicating the detection of apoptotic cells by electrochemical cell sensors in the early stage. Eight hours before the action of the apoptosis-inducing reagent, part of HL-60 cells underwent apoptosis. Sixteen hours after the action of the reagent, the apoptosis of HL-60 cells was obvious, the action time of the apoptosis-inducing reagent increased, the peak current of cadmium ion enrichment and dissolution increased rapidly and the HL-60 cells had obviously undergone apoptosis, indicating that most of the cells had obviously undergone apoptosis at this time, indicating that use of the constructed sensor is feasible for the early detection of apoptotic cells.
A háborús pénzügyi elmélet egyes, máig aktuális kérdései, avagy miből finanszírozzuk a háborút?
Authors: Bencsik Gábor , Király László
Published: January 2021

A háborús időszakok finanszírozásának kérdése időről időre folyamatosan visszatérő, a nemzetgazdaságra erős befolyással és hatással bíró kérdéseket vet fel. A hadi kiadások előteremtésére ugyan léteznek alternatív megoldások, azonban ezek nem tekinthetők egy win-win helyzetnek az állam és a gazdasági szereplők viszonyának rendszerében. Jelen írásban az elmúlt időszakban látott és tapasztalt megoldásokba, valamint egy félve használt alternatív megoldásba nyújtunk betekintést az olvasó számára.
The Taxation of Company Distributions in Respect of Hybrid Instruments in South Africa: Lessons from Australia and Canada
Authors: Tredoux Liezel G , Van der Linde Kathleen
Published: January 2021

Tax legislation traditionally distinguishes between returns on investment paid on equity and debt instruments. In the main, returns on debt instruments (interest payments) are deductible for the paying company, while distributions on equity instruments (dividends) are not. This difference in taxation can be exploited using hybrid instruments and often leads to a debt bias in investment patterns. South Africa, Australia and Canada have specific rules designed to prevent the circumvention of tax liability when company distributions are made in respect of hybrid instruments. In principle, Australia and Canada apply a more robust approach to prevent tax avoidance and also tend to include a wider range of transactions, as well as an unlimited time period in their regulation of the taxation of distributions on hybrid instruments. In addition to the anti-avoidance function, a strong incentive is created for taxpayers in Australia and Canada to invest in equity instruments as opposed to debt. This article suggests that South Africa should align certain principles in its specific rules regulating hybrid instruments with those in Australia and Canada to ensure optimal functionality of the South African tax legislation. The strengthening of domestic tax law will protect the South African tax base against base erosion and profit shifting through the use of hybrid instruments.
El diálogo en las ciencias cognitivas frente a la controversia de la coeducación
Authors: Reverter-Bañón Sonia
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre la investigación neurocientífica en relación con la diferencia sexual. El interés en esta reflexión es abordar el debate sobre coeducación. La metodología empleada se basa fundamentalmente en la revisión y contrastación de los textos y teorías que han protagonizado el debate en la última década. En ese tiempo ha surgido con fuerza una controversia, ya planteada en momentos pasados, sobre la pertinencia de proponer de nuevo una educación segregada por sexos frente a la coeducación. Para deshacer este nudo se verá que, no solo las neurociencias serán importantes en lo que dicen sobre los cerebros, sino también será necesaria una mirada crítica que ha de proceder, tanto desde una autocrítica de las mismas neurociencias, como de otras disciplinas, y muy especialmente desde la filosofía de la educación. En este sentido, el conjunto de teorías cognitivas habrán de estar en un diálogo abierto y constante para conocer aspectos importantes que las neurociencias por sí solas no pueden responder. Una propuesta desde la llamada neuroeducación no solo no puede obviar este diálogo transdisciplinario, sino que debería, de alguna forma, poder liderarlo. La cuestión finalmente será ver qué se entiende por educación y qué filosofía de la educación defendemos. Es precisamente esta mirada transdisciplinar, más que un discurso unidireccional de las neurociencias o de una neuroeducación determinada por la jerga de lo neuro, lo que nos hará apostar por la coeducación.
Puntos de encuentro entre pensamiento crítico y metacognición para repensar la enseñanza de ética
Authors: Suárez Ruiz Ernesto Joaquín , González Galli Leonardo Martín
Published: January 2021

La visión tradicional del pensamiento crítico (PC) fundada en un enfoque  racionalista ha sido puesta en duda a partir de fines del siglo pasado por la ‘segunda ola’ del PC, la cual, a pesar de no ser un movimiento del todo definido, ha incluido aspectos como la imaginación, la creatividad y el trabajo cooperativo en su comprensión y en su aplicación a la enseñanza. Paralelamente, perspectivas actuales en psicología moral como el modelo ‘intuicionista social’ propuesto por Jonathan Haidt, representan un desafío al modelo racionalista de la moral que suponen gran parte de las éticas normativas canónicas. Siendo que tanto el PC como el fundamento moral representan factores fundamentales en la enseñanza de ética, se hace explicito que esta última precisa también ser revisada. Es por ello que el presente trabajo analiza una perspectiva del PC alternativa a la tradicional basada en el potencial aporte de la metacognición y del modelo intuicionista social, con el fin de abrir nuevas vías de investigación para la actualización del fundamento moral que se supone en la enseñanza de ética. Para ahondar en ello, se ejemplificará la relevancia y aplicabilidad de la metacognición en la enseñanza de ética con situaciones vinculadas a la actual pandemia por Covid-19.
Saber vivir allí como principio de vida Inga
Authors: Bravo Osorio Leidy Marcela
Published: January 2021

Este artículo de investigación presenta la caracterización del principio “saber vivir allí”, desde la mirada del pueblo indígena Inga de la Baja Bota Caucana (Colombia) y su relación con las posibilidades de cuidado del territorio, en diálogo con perspectivas filosóficas andinas y con el paradigma del cuidado de la vida. La propuesta metodológica en este ejercicio investigativo es construida a partir de la experiencia de vida con los Inga, entendida como posibilidad de desenvolver conocimientos que aportan a las lecturas de realidad desde los estudios sociales. Planteando una ruta metodológica con enfoque cualitativo y crítico, que comprende las experiencias de vida, los diálogos, los registros audiovisuales y la sistematización y análisis de la información. Como principal hallazgo se presenta el “saber vivir allí” como un principio de vida Inga, que no hace referencia únicamente a formas humanas de sobrevivencia, sino fundamentalmente a entender que hacemos parte de algo más grande, tan complejo en su existencia como nosotros mismos: el territorio. Lleno de otras formas de saber vivir, con las cuales debemos relacionarnos y buscar la complementariedad, reciprocidad y armonía. Configurándose como alternativa de vida y de resistencia frente a las formas capitalistas que desvirtúan principios de armonización de la vida, de solidaridad e igualdad.
Confesiones falsas - Frecuencias mundiales e implicaciones de la investigación
Authors: Wetzels Peter , zur Nieden Valentin
Published: January 2021

Las investigaciones realizadas en las últimas tres décadas han demostrado la existencia de confesiones falsas en los interrogatorios policiales que se producen por todo el mundo. Asimismo, las razones y las circunstancias de las confesiones falsas también han sido investigadas. No obstante, la frecuencia de este fenómeno aún se desconoce en gran medida. Existen diversos estudios, que han abordado este tema. Pero, la naturaleza de una confesión falsa hace que sea difícil su reconocimiento, al igual que recopilar datos verídicos sobre su frecuencia. La comparación de diversos estudios muestra, que las confesiones falsas ocurren mucho más a menudo de lo que se piensa. Este artículo presenta el estado actual de la investigación sobre la frecuencia de las confesiones falsas y discute los enfoques de investigaciones realizadas.
La odorología forense como indicio de prueba en el proceso penal
Authors: Rodríguez Monserrat Manuel , Ríos Corbacho José Manuel
Published: January 2021

En el proceso penal es fundamental que los tribunales posean todos los medios de pruebas posibles para poder enervar el Derecho Fundamental a la Presunción de Inocencia. Es frecuente que, ante la escasez de pruebas directas, los juzgadores tengan que hacer uso de la prueba basada en indicios para fundamentar la culpabilidad del investigado. En este sentido, la concurrencia de huellas dactilares, pruebas de ADN, testigos o hechos observados durante la inspección ocular son necesarios para que los juzgadores alcancen la certeza jurídica sobre la culpabilidad del sujeto. Sin embargo, actualmente, no se está prestando atención a las características del olor humano, que permanece en la escena del crimen y permite que los canes puedan identificarlo rápidamente. En esta línea, la odorología forense, a través del informe pericial odorológico, puede constituirse como un elemento más de prueba que, junto a la pluralidad de indicios que requiere la jurisprudencia española, permitan reforzar el carácter unidireccional e indirecto de la prueba indiciara.
Maternidad y Primera Infancia Tras Las Rejas: Alternativas para el Caso Colombiano
Authors: Pinto Patiño Laura Yaleny , del Castillo Puentes Camilo Andrés
Published: January 2021

A través del presente texto, se expondrán los estándares nacionales e internacionales sobre la situación de la maternidad en los centros de reclusión y se contrastará con la situación carcelaria del Estado colombiano. Teniendo en cuenta que este fenómeno presenta retos importantes en materia jurídica, al tratarse de dos sujetos de especial protección, se deben implementar medidas especiales acordes a su realidad particular. Esto con el fin de garantizar el cumplimiento efectivo de los estándares internacionales en materia de protección de las madres reclusas gestantes, lactantes y los menores que conviven con ellas. Algunas de estas alternativas son las unidades externas y la prisión domiciliaria extendida. Ambas, presentan loables y sostenibles soluciones para los problemas que se presentan en Colombia, pues contribuyen significativamente al desarrollo efectivo de los intereses del menor y de las madres reclusas.
Mathematical Model of Satellite-Inertial Mobile Computational Gravimetry
Authors: Devyatisilny A. S. , Shurygin A. V.
Published: January 2021

The article proposes a mathematical model of a hybrid system installed on board of a moving object and represented by an inertial sensor of the vector of specific forces — a three-component newtonometer with orthogonal sensitivity axes and a network of receivers of a navigation satellite system (HSS). The purpose of this hybrid system is the temporal estimations of the nearEarth gravitational field on the trajectory of the object. Within the Newtonian mechanics the possibility of choosing an inertial reference system with a beginning at the center of mass of the Earth is assumed; сomplementary to the PZ-90 (Russia) and WGS-84 (USA) standards, the following are introduced: 1) an ellipsoidal (geodesic) coordinate system, rigidly connected with the solid Earth; 2) two movable accompanying right-angled trihedrals with a common origin as a point whose movement forms the trajectory of the object; the instrument one, is rigidly connected with the object as a solid body, and is thus freely oriented, other one are geographic, and permanently oriented to the cardinal points (East, North, Zenith). In the presentation of kinematics, attention is drawn to the fact that the variability of the absolute linear velocity in inertial space explained by the motion of an object relative to solid Earth and its own rotation is characterized by rotational vectors of relative and portable velocities which identify the vectors of relative and portable angular rotational velocities of the undeformable geographic trihedron and are represented projections on its axis. The causality of the trajectory is determined by Newton’s second law; in projections on the axis of the moving geographic trihedron, component-wise recording of the equations of dynamics is performed, which are resolved with respect to the components of the strength of the gravitational field. It is noted that the previous article by the authors is devoted to the problem of a high-precision estimate of the kinematic parameters of motion equations. In such a context it is indicated that direct calculation of the gravitational field strength requires the convertting of Newtonometer measurements from the instrument trihedron to the geographic one. The required linear transformation for this is constructed considering the possibilities of multiposition of the NSS object. A computational experiment is described and some of its results are presented.
The role of collaborative perception in determining procedure priorities of reconstruction (Mosul old city)
Authors: Khayat Mahmood , Sultan Raad , Muhealddin Banaz
Published: January 2021

The call for post disaster reconstruction may look very elementary and naive, but the question is regarding, the common agreement on procedure priorities of this reconstruction, availability of sufficient premises, sharing and gathering of the available documentations of the destroyed sectors voluntarily, and to how extent may Mosul society accept 21st century technologies and built environment in reconstruction procedure, taking into consideration the local identity of the old city.

These questions may lead to the necessity for a concrete justification for any decision to be made, these decisions are to be acceptable by majority of Mosul city society, this can be done by detecting the collaborative unconscious perception for the matter of disastrous status of the destroyed old city, and available collaborative image for reconstruction procedures, to detect such an image, perception scales can be used, especially ones that were adopted to detect the rate of architecture vocabulary perception.

Finally the paper aims to be able to determine indicators that my help in establishing a road map for collaborative efforts (on both individual and institutional levels) that are accepted by the majority of Mosul People, the research started with building a theoretical framework by reviewing similar studies regarding perception, semantic differential scale and built heritage, the field survey was started by determining the survey society that represent various Mosul city social ranks, then this survey society was  furnished with copies of the questionnaires, results of the survey were gathered, analyzed and discussed, coming out with a conclusion that, the results of this paper, represents indicators that my help in establishing a road map for collaborative efforts (on both individual and institutional levels) that are accepted by the majority of Mosul People.
Development of the methods of calculation of the electrical installations working operation in case of quality supply disturbance
Authors: Saeed Ismael , Sheikhyounis Kamal
Published: January 2021

This paper proposes a method of calculating of asymmetrical modes of operation of electrical installations where simple and adequate loads equivalent circuits are available with working electrical equipment. So the mathematical model of equation system is derived as universal way for calculating the systems operating modes when it is subjected to a disturbance due to asymmetry. With the help of the obtained model we can calculate different cases of symmetry disturbances, all types of short circuits, between phase short circuits, any type of longitudinal asymmetry, open circuits when there is a resistance for the fault current at the place of damage

In the given method, specific types of asymmetry are considered as particular cases and easily calculated from the generalized formula, which is essentially reduces the calculation and allows us to consider cases of asymmetry of any complexity. Therefore this method is offered as a basic for calculation of asymmetry when the system is subjected to a disturbance.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete containing PVC Waste as a Sand Replacement
Authors: Mohammad Tavga , Mohammed Azad
Published: January 2021

In this research, physical and mechanical properties of high strength concrete containing PVC waste have been investigated. The fine aggregate was replaced with PVC waste with two different gradings (fine grading and coarse grading) at dosages of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% by the volume of aggregate. The properties include physical properties of density and water absorption, mechanical properties of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. Results show that in general, using 5% PVC replacement in high strength concrete has no appreciable effect to damage the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. With increasing PVC aggregate content, the deterioration of the concrete properties was observed. The coarse graded PVC aggregate has some more effect on the deterioration of concrete properties compared to the fine graded PVC aggregate.
Effects of Traffic Violation and Demographic Characteristics on Traffic Safety in Sulaymaniyah City
Authors: Muhamad Burhan , Karim Hardy , Ahmed Hemn
Published: January 2021

One of the major causes to increase traffic accidents is traffic violations from drivers that occur on road networks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of traffic violation and demographic characteristics of the drivers on the traffic safety in Sulaymaniyah urban street networks. A questionnaire survey approach was used to collect data from 244 drivers; 143 male and 101 female drivers. The questionnaire form included ten questions; six of the questions were related to the traffic violations types and four of them were related to the demographic parameters of the drivers. Each of the drivers answer scored on a six-point Likert scale (1 = never, to 6 = almost always).Statistical Minitab 16 software was used to statistically evaluate the data and compare the scores using z-test, then obtain the descriptive statistics. There were significant differences between the violation scores from male and female drivers. It was realized that the male drivers drive their vehicles in more violative manner than female drivers because male drivers had higher scores in all types of the moving vehicle violations and overall violations compared to female drivers. The female drivers had a smaller number of accidents, age, and travelling distance than male drivers. The old age drivers do fewer violations than young drivers. Drivers having high travelling distance per week do more violations than drivers having less driving distance per week. The overall violation score correlates with the age of drivers (rs = 0.247), number of accidents (rs = 0.265). All types of the violation measurements are highly correlated with the overall average value of the violation. However, the overall value of the violation score for all of the drivers was 18.1 out of 100. Efforts should be spent by  traffic police to reduce number of traffic accidents and improving efficiency of the traffic flows in Sulaymaniyah City for the street networks. Rather than stopping traffic police on intersections, it is preferred to traffic police observe the drivers’ violation on the streets during driving. Regarding to the driving license, traffic police can concentrate more to male and young drivers.
Printed Popular Science Literature as a Way to Popularize Technical Science
Authors: Kysil Veronika
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of tools for popularization of technical sciences. The levels of public funding in the leading countries, as well as the number of popular science editions in the different countries of the world are considered. The objective of this article is to identify the factors of science development, taking into account the number of popular science periodicals, the level of English language proficiency as well as the level of research funding in these countries; to analyze the number of popular science editions in general and to single out the periodicals of exactly technical nature in order to have a broader understanding of the ways of science popularization among young audiences; to trace the relationship between promotion of science and science level in general. To achieve this objective, the methods of analysis of documentary information, as well as the method of generalization were used. The dependence of the level of development of science on the level of its state funding and the number of popular science editions has been proved. Popularization is necessary for further development of science in Ukraine and involvement of young people to enter technical educational institutions, which will increase the level of science and economy in the country.
CALCULATION OF THE DIGITAL TWIN OF THE SALES FUNNEL
Authors: Sergeev S. M. , Barykin S. E. , Ostrovskaya N. V. , Yadykin V. K.
Published: January 2021

Commercial activity has always been influenced by the competitive environment and its spread to the online space is the next stage of development and a defining trend for the nearest time horizon. The changes in the business landscape influenced by COVID19 pose new challenges for marketers and entrepreneurs. It is necessary to use the forced sharp increase in online interaction with consumers. The course towards the digital economy determines the use of scientific, mathematical methods to optimize the target indicators of economic activity. These global shifts in business interactions are generating innovative tools for measuring business results and transforming old practices to meet new market realities. This is the basic condition for the sustainability of doing business in any industry. This study is devoted to the development of a theoretical description of the process of multi-stage interaction with a consumer pool. To solve this problem, a mathematical model has been developed, the basis of which is digital information interaction, starting from the stage of determining the target audience and ending with the complete completion of a commercial transaction. This article presents the results of modeling sales funnel, as the basis for the software of a modern market analyst, using a cross-system approach. In contrast to the classical sales funnel, the presented algorithms allow using the multidimensional conversion funnel not only for assessing business results for the reporting period. Thanks to the flow of model arguments in real time, it becomes possible to optimize the business process by moving to the concept of leading economic indicators.

In practice, this means the ability to implement effective business planning on digital platforms. The arguments of the mathematical model are Internet statistics, the dynamics of consumer preferences, the history of the business process accumulated in the big data system. At the same time, the means of queuing theory, differential calculus, economic and mathematical modeling are involved, based on indicators such as KPI (Key Performance Indicators), CTR (click-through rate), CR (Conversion rate). This made it possible to formulate the concept of a digital twin of a commercial process and its transformation, convenient for practical applications, into a conversion funnel for embedding into algorithms implemented on a computer.
Characterization of variability of the intergenic spacers cpDNA trnH–psbA, trnY–trnT AND rpoB–trnC in representatives of Pisum L. (Tribe Fabeae)
Authors: Dyachenko Elena A. , Semenova Elena V. , Kochieva Elena Z.
Published: January 2021

Background. Plant chloroplast genome have conservative structure, but its nucleotide sequence is polymorphous due to which cpDNA fragments are often used in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. Despite the widespread distribution and use of Fabeae species, mainly peas (Pisum), data on the intraspecific diversity of cpDNA fragments are almost absent. The aim of the work was to analyze the intraspecific variability of three cpDNA spacers in Pisum.
Materials and methods. As a result of the work, intergenic spacers trnYtrnT, trnHpsbA and rpoBtrnC in 38 accessions of the Pisum and related Fabeae species were sequenced. Despite the fact that the selected chloroplast fragments are generally considered to be sufficiently variable in plants and are often used for phylogenetic studies, Pisum accessions have been found to have no intraspecific differences in two of the three spacers sequences analyzed.
Results and conclusion. A total 97 SNPs were detected in Pisum accessions, seven of them distinguished P. sativum from P. fulvum. The most variable of the analyzed fragments was the intergenic spacer rpoBtrnC. Based on rpoBtrnC sequence 17 haplotypes in P. sativum and four haplotypes in P. fulvum were revealed. The cpDNA sequencing data were used for a phylogenetic analysis. On the obtained tree Vavilovia formosa accession formed a separate branch from pea accessions. All Pisum accessions fall in one cluster, split into distinct P. sativum and P. fulvum subclusters (BI = 99%).
About localization of cortical centers n. facialis
Authors: Aspisovykh I. N.
Published: January 2021

Aiming mainly to follow the central path of the upper branch n. facialis, which innervates the muscles: corrugator supercilii, orbicularis oculi and frontalis, we simultaneously engaged in the exact localization of the corresponding psychomotor centers on the cerebral cortex in dogs.
On the identification of various systems of the spinal cord by the method of development
Authors: Bekhterev V. M.
Published: January 2021

Apparently, not everyone is still recognizing that the development method makes it possible to isolate not only the main, well-differentiated systems, but also all other bundles of the spinal cord. In view of this, it is interesting to find out whether all the well-known and well-differentiated systems, such as the bundles of Goll and Burdach in the posterior columns of the spinal cord and pyramidal and cerebellar bundles in the lateral columns, can be squeezed out in the spinal cord. and other systems of the spinal cord, relatively recently described by the method of regeneration.
Priv.-Assoc. V.A.Muratov. Clinical lectures on nervous and mental illnesses. Issue III. Moscow, 1900
Authors: Vorotynskiy B.
Published: January 2021

This issue consists of 12 lectures and is all devoted to the study of the epilepsy. Thus, the third issue of the author's "lectures" is a short monograph on epilepsy. In the first five lectures, the author examines the symptomatology of local epilepsy, general epilepsy and epilepsy disease in childhood.
Limited-angle ultrasonic tomography back-projection imaging
Authors: Hoyle C , Sutcliffe M , Charlton P , Mosey S , Cooper I
Published: January 2021

Ultrasonic inspection of through-transmission is limited due to the inability to obtain defect depth information. Loss of signal is used as the only indicator, providing lateral defect information. This is often a problem in ultrasonic inspection. Radiographic acquisition techniques,
where the X-ray source acts as the transmitter and the detector as the receiver, are conceptionally similar to ultrasonic through-transmission. In the latter, the tomography back-projection method is used to reconstruct images of an object that has been subjected to a minimum of 180° of
rotation, to allow for full coverage of the item. In this paper, a novel approach based on back-projection is presented to improve image resolution and defect detectability. Two ultrasonic transducers in through-transmission configuration are utilised to capture data for image processing.
The rotation of the transmitter and receiver is not possible in this set-up and, therefore, the reconstruction relies on the artificial generation of a limited rotation. Two probes are aligned either side of the material and are used to gather the ultrasonic signals. These signals are processed
before the reconstruction algorithm is applied to them. Various processing and imaging reconstruction algorithms are explored, building on the basic back-projection method to obtain images that are better focused. This technique could be used within materials where there are high attenuation
levels and, therefore, traditional pulse-echo is not feasible.
Испытание русских геополитиков: внешняя политика России в перспективе геополитических теорий
Authors: Силаев Николай
Published: January 2021

Кризис в отношениях с Западом стал испытанием не только для российской внешней политики, но и для теорий, которые объясняли место России в мире и предлагали ей оптимальный политический курс. Кризис позволил судить об обоснованности этих теорий. Особое место среди них занимает геополитика Александра Дугина. Она не признана академическим сообществом в России, но на Западе Дугина многие наблюдатели и исследователи считают если и не прямым выразителем идей Кремля, то весьма влиятельным политическим философом. Его труды расцениваются как важный источник по современной российской внешнеполитической мысли и используются для объяснения российского внешнеполитического курса. Поэтому уместно проверить, в какой мере подходы Дугина – а вместе с ними и взгляды исследователей, которые оценивают российскую внешнюю политику, опираясь на его труды, – оправдали себя в ходе текущего кризиса. В статье теория Дугина проверяется в сопоставлении с работами другого известного в России (но не на Западе) геополитика – Вадима Цымбурского. Этот выбор обусловлен тем, что Цымбурский создал своеобразную и цельную теорию, объясняющую положение России в мире, которая, развиваясь в той же геополитической парадигме, что и дугинская, противоположна последней и по своим исходным посылкам, и по своим выводам. Это позволяет более рельефно проявить элементы теории Дугина, в наибольшей степени влияющие на западные оценки российской внешней политики. Оба эти подхода сопоставляются с влиятельной американской реалистской теорией баланса угроз Стивена Уолта. Увлечение трудами Дугина мешает западным аналитикам увидеть подлинную сложность российской дискуссии о месте страны в мире и точно реконструировать российскую внешнеполитическую стратегию. Поведение России в текущем кризисе более адекватно описывает теория Цымбурского, чем теория Дугина. Выводы о структурных географических факторах российского внешнеполического курса, сделанные на основе теории Цымбурского, обнаруживают параллели с выводами, которые могут быть сделаны в рамках теории баланса угроз. Российская геополитика сохраняет свой аналитический потенциал, но он может быть усилен благодаря более пристальному анализу текущих сдвигов международного порядка.
El hechizo de Sevilla de Ambrosio Arce de los Reyes = Ambrosio Arce de los Reyes' El hechizo de Sevilla
Authors: Domínguez Elisa María
Published: January 2021

Ambrosio Arce de los Reyes fue un poeta y dramaturgo que vivió en la primera mitad del siglo XVII. El hechizo de Sevilla es una comedia de cautivos con un referente histórico –literario, que es el trasunto de una realidad de la época. La comedia presenta dos temas: el amoroso y el del cautiverio; este último está contemplado bajo dos vertientes: una, la versión fiel del término, es decir, lo que supone ser prisionero en tierra extraña y, otra más libre, el cautiverio del alma, ya que todos los personajes, en mayor o menor medida, están oprimidos por sus fracasos, ataduras sociales y morales propias de la época que les ha tocado vivir. Ambrosio Arce de los Reyes was a poet and playwright who lived in the first part of the 16th century. El hechizo de Sevilla is a comedy of captives with a literary-historical referent that is contemplated by means of two viewpoints: first, the faithful version of the term 'captive', that is what it means to be a prisoner in alien lands, and, second, more freely, the soul in captivity.
Unión de palabras en documentos novohispanos del siglo XVI: ¿influencias orales o tradiciones escriturales? = Union of words in novo-hispanic documents of 16th century: Oral influences or writing traditions?
Authors: Rodríguez Cortez Josafat Jonathan
Published: January 2021

Mediante los resultados del análisis de 20 documentos del siglo XVI, este artículo muestra que la unión y separación de palabras en la escritura no sólo se debe a los tipos de letra utilizados en su época, sino a marcadas influencias lingüísticas, principalmente fonológicas. Proponemos aquí que en la escritura del español novohispano convergieron por igual motivaciones lingüísticas como extralingüísticas. Through the results of the analysis of 20 documents of 16th Century, this article shows that union and separation of words is not only due to the kind of writing used in that time, but due to remarkable linguistics influences, phonological ones mainly. We propose that in writing in Spanish from that age linguistic and extra linguistic influences converged.
"Fósiles fraseológicos”: la configuración formal de “voces fósiles” como palabras idiomáticas en locuciones españolas = “Phraseological fossils”: morphology of "fossil words" as idiomatic words in Spanish idioms
Authors: Aguilar Ruiz Manuel José
Published: January 2021

En el presente trabajo pretendemos ofrecer un análisis de la configuración formal del tipo de palabras idiomáticas que denominamos “fósiles fraseológicos”. Para ello, tras delimitar los conceptos de “palabra idiomática” y “fósil fraseológico”, se aclaran los procedimientos metodológicos para recopilar este tipo de voces en un diccionario general actual como el DLE, y se procede al análisis del corpus obtenido. El principal rasgo de los fósiles fraseológicos es que presentan los cambios evolutivos característicos de la evolución del latín al español, como voces patrimoniales que son.The objective of this paper is to offer an analysis of the morphology of the kind of idiomatic words that we call “phraseological fossils”. To do this, we will first define the concepts “idiomatic word” and “phraseological fossil”, and then we clarify the methodological procedures for compiling this kind of words in a general dictionary such as the DLE. Next we proceed to the analysis of the corpus obtained. The main feature of phraseological fossils is that they present the evolutionary changes characteristic of the evolution from Latin to Spanish, because they are inherited words.
Victor Frankenstein y la racionalidad instrumental = Victor Frankenstein and the instrumental rationality
Authors: Pinel Benayas Ana
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se pretende hacer una relectura de Frankenstein o el moderno Prometeo (1818) desde la tesis planteada en la Dialéctica de la Ilustración (1944) de los filósofos Adorno y Horkheimer, intentando mostrar que Victor Frankenstein es un esclavo de la racionalidad instrumental.  This article is intended to make a rereading of Frankenstein; o, The Modern Prometheus (1818) from the thesis presented in Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944) and Eclipse of Reason (1947) of the philosophers Adorno and Horkheimer, trying to prove that Victor Frankenstein is an instrumental´s rationality slave.
Estudio léxico de un inventario oscense de 1643 = A Lexical Study of an Oscense Inventory of 1643
Authors: Ortiz Cruz Demelsa
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se analizan los aspectos léxicos más significativos de un inventario oscense de 1643. Dicho inventario posee un indudable valor, no solo por tratarse de un corpus inédito, sino también por contener voces que interesan desde un punto de vista dialectal (como aluda o fil retort, por ejemplo), así como palabras escasamente documentadas (como floqueado o rejolado, entre otras).This paper analyses the most significant lexical aspects of an Oscense inventory of 1643. This inventory has an enormous value, not only because it constitutes an unpublished corpus, but also because it contains some words that are interesting from the dialectal point of view (like aluda or fil retort, for example), as well as some hardly documented words (like floqueado or rejolado, among others).
Léxico de guarniciones en inventarios de bienes murcianos de los Siglos de Oro = Lexicon of ornaments in Murcian lists of goods of the Golden Age
Authors: Sidrach de Cardona López Mª Ángeles
Published: January 2021

El objetivo perseguido con este trabajo consiste en analizar una selección de voces referentes a guarniciones de piezas textiles, localizadas en relaciones de bienes, originales e inéditas, que se conservan en el Archivo Histórico Provincial de Murcia y que fueron redactadas en la zona de la Vega Alta del Segura (Murcia) durante el Siglo de Oro.The aim of this article is to analyze a selection of voices referring to ornaments of textile pieces, located in original and unpublished relations of goods. The documentation sources on which this article is based are kept in the Provincial Historical Archive of Murcia and were drafted in Vega Alta del Segura (Murcia) during the Spanish Golden Age.
Voces murcianas documentadas en inventarios de bienes almerienses de los siglos XVI y XVII = Murcian words documented in inventories of goods from Almeria in the 16th and 17th centuries
Authors: Vivancos Mulero Mª Esther
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo pretende dar testimonio de la temprana influencia dialectal murciana en el oriente andaluz a través de la documentación de murcianismos en inventarios de bienes almerienses de los siglos XVI y XVII. Para ello, partiendo de nuestro corpus, recopilaremos la información lexicográfica académica y dialectal de las voces seleccionadas (albar, bancal, cambuj, corbo, tahúlla, tendido y olivera) y nos serviremos del CorLexIn para confirmar la circunscripción murciana de los términos estudiados.This work aims to bear witness to the early murcian dialectal influence in eastern Andalusia through the documentation of murcianism in inventories of goods from Almería in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. For it, starting from our corpus, we will compile the academic lexicographic and dialectal information of the selected voices (albar, bancal, cambuj, corbo, tahúlla, tendido and olivera) and We will use the CorLexIn to confirm the murcian circumscription of the studied terms.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among medical students
Authors: Kharadi Darshan , Doshi Chintan M.
Published: January 2021

Background: Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reaction (ADR) is main part of pharmacovigilance. This study was done to assess knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of pharmacovigilance among 2nd year medical students.Methods: This was a questionnaire based cross sectional study. The study participants were 2nd year MBBS students at pacific institute of medical sciences. Total number of questions given was 20. The data was analyzed by MS excel.Results: Total 100 students were given 20 questions. Among 20 questions, 10 were based on knowledge, 4 were based on attitude and 5 were based on practice. One question was asked to determine the reasons for underreporting. 95% students gave correct definition of pharmacovigilance. 96% students were having knowledge about existing National pharmacovigilance programme of India. 97% gave correct answer of side effect occurring during pregnancy as teratogenicity. 99 % said that reporting ADR is necessary.Conclusions: In our study most of the students gave correct answers of knowledge based questions. So knowledge of pharmacovigilance is gradually improving among medical students.
A clinical study of deep neck space infections
Authors: Karodpati Nayanna , Kuradagi Vinayak , Chavan Paresh , Pawar Rishikesh , Kakollu Lakshmi Sravya
Published: January 2021

Background: Deep neck space infections are usually due to excessive growth of normal flora, mostly of polymicrobial in origin. Patients present acutely with complaints of, throat and neck pain, raised body temperature. The clinical presentation depends on the deep neck space affected.

Methods:  Current study was carried out in 25 patients who were diagnosed to have various deep neck infections

Results: It was observed that the maximum number of cases were seen in the age group of 31-40 at 28%, followed by 21-30 age group at 20%, 16% each between 41-50 years and above 60 years. The male to female ratio is 1:0.78. The most common presenting complaints included fever (24 patients; 96%) and dysphagia (18 patients; 72%). 13 patients (52%) had associated systemic disease, 5 patients (20%) had history of diabetes mellitus and were on irregular treatment, 4 patients (16%) was on treatment for hypertensive. The most common infection was Ludwig’s angina seen in 13 patients (52%), followed by peritonsillar abscess 4 patients (16%). Out of 25 patients, 20 (80%) cases were treated successfully by incision and drainage. No growth was observed in 32% of the patients.

Conclusions: Early diagnosis of deep neck space infection based on symptoms in susceptible patients is advisable to prevent complications and early recovery.
Social Impact Bonds in Latin America: IDB Lab's Pioneering Work in the Region: Lessons Learnt
Authors: Agusti Strid Alma , Ronicle James
Published: January 2021

In recent years, Latin America has seen the introduction of innovative pay-for-success mechanisms to fund social programs, including Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) and Development Impact Bonds (DIBs), outcome-based contracts that incorporate the use of private financing from investors to cover the upfront capital required for a provider to set up and deliver a social service. In this context, IDB Lab established a SIB Facility in 2014 to promote the focus on outcomes in social programs and increase outcomes-based commissioning. The SIB Facility has resulted in IDB Lab providing support to developing SIBs in Colombia (first SIB launched in a middle-income country), Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Brazil. Since then, several employment SIBs have launched in Colombia and Argentina and prefeasibility studies for SIBs on other topics are currently underway in Chile. This Technical Note aims to capture the lessons learnt from developing SIBs in Latin America, focusing on the five countries where the SIB Facility played a pioneering role. The study takes a retrospective view in examining what has been done and a prospective view in considering how challenges can be overcome and how lessons learnt might be considered within the IDB Lab, both at SIB level and at ecosystem level looking at the SIB ecosystems that have started to emerge. In the study, we find that the SIBs that have launched in the study countries were well designed and that there had also been thorough consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of the model.
Competências Digitais Docentes e o Processo de Ensino Remoto Durante a Pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Sanchotene Ismael Jung , Engers Patrí­cia Becker , Ruppenthal Raquel , Ilha Phillip Vilanova
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as competências digitais dos professores da rede municipal de ensino e a influência das tecnologias digitais de comunicação e informação durante o ensino remoto na pandemia do Covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo caracterizado como descritivo exploratório. Participaram do mesmo um total de 121 docentes de todas as áreas do conhecimento (linguagens, matemática, ciências humanas, ciências da natureza e ensino religioso). Para recolha dos dados foi aplicado o questionário baseado no Quadro Europeu de Competências Digitais para professores, além de questões sobre o desenvolvimento das aulas durante a pandemia. Dentre os participantes 75,2% são do sexo feminino. Quanto à formação inicial dos professores a prevalência foi de 34,7% na área de linguagens e, 54 % não possui pós-graduação. Em relação ao desenvolvimento das aulas durante o isolamento social, destaca-se entre os recursos utilizados, o material impresso como principal ferramenta pedagógica (84,3%). O nível de competência digital predominante entre os professores é o B1-Integradores (40,5%), indicando que os mesmos experimentam tecnologias digitais em diferentes contextos e as utilizam em suas aulas. Em relação a área na qual o professor posssui maior competência, observou-se média superior nas áreas de envolvimento profissional e capacitação dos estudantes (1,9 pontos). Conclui-se que os professores estudados possuem maior proficiência digital para utilização profissional, entretanto, possuem carências no que tange a utilização das tecnologias digitais na educação com objetivo de potencializar e apoiar estratégias pedagógicas centrada no desenvolvimento ativo do estudante.
Palavras-chave: Competência digital. Ensino remoto. Educação básica.
Reinforcement religious moderation through entrepreneurship in islamic boarding school as social empowerment function
Authors: Sarji Sarji
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to explain the importance of enhancement religious moderation in Islamic boarding schools in the province of Special Capital Region of Jakarta. Then, it used to analyze the escalation in entrepreneurship and religious moderation. Furthermore, it expected could describe religious moderation and entrepreneurship as instruments of social empowerment. The method used in this research is a case study which intended to capture the phenomenon of religious moderation in Islamic boarding schools in this province through observational data, expert statements, interview’s results and document study descriptions. The outcome found in this research that religious moderation can be enhanced by religious knowledge and preserve religious emotions. In addition, entrepreneurship training include business ethics content that could encourages students to connect with various backgrounds of people who require an understanding of moderation. Additionally, the entrepreneurship program can be used as a social engineering devices for Islamic boarding schools to empower people.