bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excited State Dynamics of Perylenediimide films with Isopropyl phenyl- and Undecane-Substitution
Authors: Ma Qiu-Shi , Ju Cheng-Wei , Pu Ruihua , Zhang Wenjie , Lin Xian , Chen Yihan , Liu Weimin
Published: December 2020

The aggregation of Perylene Diimide (PDI) and its derivatives strongly depends on the molecular structure, and therefore has great impact on the excited states. By regulating the molecular stacking such as monomer, dimer, J- and/or H-aggregate, the formation of different excited states is adjustable and controllable. In this study, we have synthesized two kinds of PDI derivatives - undecane-substituted PDI (PDI-1) and diisopropylphenyl-substituted PDI (PDI-2), and the films are fabricated with spin-coating method. By employing photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, the excited-state dynamics of two PDI amorphous films have been investigated systematically. The result reveals that both films have formed excimer after photoexcitation mainly due to the stronger electronic coupling among molecule aggregate in the amorphous film. It should be noted that the excited state dynamics in PDI-2 shows a singlet fission like process, which is evidenced by the appearance of triplet state absorption. This study provides the dynamics of excited state in amorphous PDI films, and pave the way for better understanding and adjusting the excited state of amorphous films.
Learning Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity with Atomic Environment Vectors
Authors: Meli Rocco , Anighoro Andrew , Bodkin Mike , Morris Garrett , Biggin Philip
Published: December 2020

Scoring functions for the prediction of protein-ligand binding affinity have seen renewed interest in recent years when novel machine learning and deep learning methods started to consistently outperform classical scoring functions. Here we explore the use of atomic environment vectors (AEVs) and feed-forward neural networks, the building blocks of several neural network potentials, for the prediction of protein-ligand binding affinity. The AEV-based scoring function, which we term AEScore, is shown to perform as well or better than other state-of-the-art scoring functions on binding affinity prediction, with an RMSE of 1.22 pK units and a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.83 for the CASF-2016 benchmark. However, AEScore does not perform as well in docking and virtual screening tasks. We therefore show that the model can be combined with the classical scoring function AutoDock Vina in the context of ∆-learning, where corrections to the AutoDock Vina scoring function are learned instead of the protein-ligand binding affinity itself. Combined with AutoDock Vina, ∆-AEScore has an RMSE of 1.32 pK units and a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.80 on the CASF-2016 benchmark, while retaining the good docking and screening power of the underlying classical scoring function.
Direct Air Capture of CO2 with Aqueous Peptides and Crystalline Guanidines
Authors: Custelcean Radu , Garrabrant Kathleen A. , Agullo Pierrick , Williams Neil J.
Published: December 2020

Negative emission technologies, including direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide, are now considered essential for mitigating climate change, but existing DAC processes tend to have excessively high energy requirements, mostly associated with sorbent regeneration. Here we demonstrate a new approach to DAC that combines atmospheric CO2 absorption by an aqueous oligopeptide (i.e., glycylglycine) with bicarbonate crystallization by a simple guanidine compound (i.e., glyoxal-bis-iminoguanidine). In this phase-changing system, the peptide and the guanidine compounds work in synergy, and the cyclic CO2 capacity can be maximized by matching the pKa values of the two components. The resulting DAC process has a significantly lower regeneration energy compared to state-of-the-art solvent-based DAC technologies.
DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING CUSTOMS CONTROL
Authors: Вобликов Андрей Борисович
Published: December 2020

Рассматриваются актуальные проблемы таможенного контроля. Анализируются нормы таможенного законодательства, правоприменительная практика таможенных органов, практика по делам о правонарушениях в сфере таможенного дела.

Discusses current problems of customs control. The article analyzes the norms of customs legislation, law enforcement practice of customs authorities, and practice in cases of violations in the field of customs.
The State of Art Appreciation among Nine- and Ten-Year-Old Students in Slovenian Primary Schools
Authors: Herzog Jerneja , Duh Matjaž
Published: December 2020

In the contemporary process of teaching fine arts, the students’ own creative expression and art appreciation are used to encourage learners towards both perception and reception; consequently, the evaluation and internalisation of works of art play an equally important role. In art education practice, we manage to provide adequate incentives and are able to follow incentives for artistic expression, but pay less attention to developing art appreciation. This research presents the results of a study that monitored the development of art appreciation abilities among 9- and 10-year-old students (4th and 5th grades; n = 2794) in Slovenian primary schools. The level of art appreciation abilities was rather average, but was more developed among older students and girls. In monitoring the school stratum, we did, however, notice a statistically significant difference regarding perception, whereby students in urban schools performed better than their peers in suburban schools.
以矿物手绘探索未来艺术超构建
Authors: 王 啸然
Published: December 2020

为了能兼顾矿物原石的自身艺术价值与艺术表达上的自由，必须重拾绘画这一传统意义上的艺术创作手段的定义，并且通过哲学、宗教等角度探索全新的方法论将矿物原石与艺术创作形成科学与绘画的有机体，这种探索的过程我们称之为“艺术超构建”。
The Investigation of Fire Effects to Structural Elements of a Mobile Unit with a Compact Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Gubeladze O. A. , Gubeladze A. R.
Published: December 2020

During the first twenty years of the ХХI century a number of a different nature armed conflicts have occurred. In some of them states with nuclear-missile take part. The article researches one of the phases of emergency situation growth driven by fire generated conventional weapon on the mobile launch platform with solid-propellant ballistic missile. The simulation of the thermal effect on air frame and transporter-launcher container is performed, the result calculation valuation and experiment are carried out.
Metrological Standardization of High-Precision Electronic Tacheometers Using a Precision Laser Tracker
Authors: Pimshina T. M. , Arseniev D. M. , Pimshin I. Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the issues of increasing the accuracy of measurements which is especially important in the installation and operation of technological equipment. The paper presents a technique for studying the accuracy of determining the rectangular coordinates of the controlled points measured by an electronic tacheometer. It is proposed to use a precision laser tracker for metrological standardization of high-precision electronic tacheometers at short distances (up to 60 m). The results of practical testing of the proposed method of metrological standardization of a high-precision electronic tacheometer are presented.
Educação e formação profissional no Brasil
Authors: Bido José Mateus
Published: December 2020

O objetivo do nosso trabalho é refletir a educação e a formação profissional no Brasil, fundamentando a crítica formativa a partir da criação dos Institutos Federais. Tal análise se faz necessária como condição para reposicionar os rumos da educação profissional brasileira frente às inúmeras mudanças sofridas no século XX e nas primeiras décadas do presente. Concentrando-nos na trajetória da legislação educacional, procuramos demonstrar que as mudanças promovidas nas políticas educacionais no país, além de atenderem os anseios dos setores produtivos locais e internacionais, não concretizam um projeto de nação e não formam o cidadão para a leitura e participação crítica na cultura e na sociedade em que se insere. Buscando nas legislações educacionais que regulam as mudanças de foco formativo, o trabalho se pauta também em escritos de intelectuais que ajudam a entender o percurso formativo. Por outro lado, funda-se em pensadores da Teoria Crítica para inquerir sobre o sentido e a finalidade educacional. Como reflexão, espera-se que a abordagem contribua com a crítica sobre o entendimento da formação do trabalhador, não apenas como individuo ajustado para as condições produtivas, mas como um ser que se realiza em sua criação laboral.
Environmental Behavior Mahasiswa Pendidikan Akuntansi di Kampus Konservasi
Authors: Widhiastuti Ratieh , Susilowati Nurdian , Lianingsih Susmy
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi perilaku ramah lingkungan mahasiswa yang telah selesai menempuh mata kuliah Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup (PLH). Objek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Pendidikan Akuntansi UNNES angkatan 2016. Sampel penelitian ditetapkan menggunakan rumus slovin dengan teknik pengambilan sampel random sampling sejumlah 121 mahasiswa. Alat analisis menggunakan analisis deksriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa environmental behavior yang dimiliki mahasiswa dalam kategori cukup, mahasiswa memiliki perilaku yang tinggi dalam hal penghematan dan penggunaan sumber energi, penggunaan alat transportasi yang ramah lingkungan, dan pemakaian barang yang menyebabkan limbah. Namun demikian memiliki kelemahan atas perilaku dalam pengolahan limbah, konsumsi bahan-bahan makanan ramah lingkungan, enggan untuk aktif dalam organisasi lingkungan serta belum dapat memanfaatkan media sosial yang dimiliki untuk kegiatan lingkungan. Saran dari hasil penelitian ini adalah perlunya praktik calon wirausaha industri kreatif dalam pembelajaran mata kuliah kewirausahaan, dan optimalisasi kinerja kader konservasi untuk meningkatkan kesadaran mahasiswa akan pentingnya terlibat dalam organisasi lingkungan.
A Funerary Epigram for Diokles the Rhodian Dramatist
Authors: Coward Thomas
Published: December 2020

This funerary verse inscription, found in 1976, is for the previously unknown dramatist Diokles of Rhodes. This entry re-examines the text based on visual autopsy, proposes a new supplement on the last line, and sets the poem within the literary and inscribed epitaphic traditions for deceased poets (tragedians in particular). It also considers what this poem tells us about Rhodian dramatic competitions in the Hellenistic period. It looks at the interplay between inscribed and literary epigrams, what this epigram tells us about poetry of the south-east Aegean, and the reception of literary funerary epigrams of Classical authors in the Hellenistic era.
Therapeutic ultrasound associated with essential oils of copaiba and tea tree for healing skin lesions
Authors: Mororó Darrielle Gomes Alves , Brandão Maria Girlane Sousa Albuquerque , Ponte Vanessa Aguiar , Silva Alan Sidney Jacinto da , Batista Francisco Walyson da Silva , Veras Vivian Saraiva , Araújo Thiago Moura de
Published: December 2020

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of low-frequency ultrasound associated with copaiba and tea tree oil gel in healing skin lesions. Method: quasi-experimental study with pre and post-tests in a single group, carried out in a public hospital in Ceará, Brazil, from March to September 2017, with 14 participants who received 10 treatment sessions. Results: there was an average reduction of more than 20 cm² from the 1st to the 5th application. The reduction in the initial size for the 10th session was over 50%. There was statistical significance (p = 0.0043) between the initial evaluation and the 10th therapy evaluation, with an average reduction of 37 cm². There was a reduction in the intensity of pain reported by the participants and 62.5% were free of pain after applying the therapy. Conclusion: the use of the gel with copaiba and tea tree oil points to an alternative coverage associated with biostimulators such as ultrasound. The composition of the gel oil helped in the application and in the reduction of the maceration of the edge of the wounds, as well as the control of the exudate of the lesion.
CAHİT ZARİFOĞLU’NUN YEDİ GÜZEL ADAM ADLI ŞİİR KİTABINDA DAĞ İMGESİ
Authors: ŞENGÜL Mehmet Bakır
Published: December 2020

Türk edebiyatında kendine ait tarzı olan önemli isimlerden biri de Cahit Zarifoğlu’dur. Zarifoğlu, İkinci Yeni’ye yakın bir anlayışla şiirler kaleme almıştır. Orijinal bir hayal dünyasına sahip olan şair, hem kendi kuşağı hem de sonraki kuşaklar üzerinde derin tesirler bırakmıştır. Onun şiirlerindeki temel belirleyici taraf, hayal dünyasının derinliğidir. Oldukça zarif bir üslupla kaleme aldığı şiirlerinde reel gerçekliğin ötesinde bir gerçekliğe yaslanmış duygusu belirgindir. Bu duygu, ‘Müslümanca bir duyarlılık’ olarak kendisini ifşa eder. Onun şiirlerinde Müslümanca duyarlılık, İslam sanatlarının dayanağı olarak işlenmiş ve bu estetik endişe şiirin bir inşa süreci olarak değerlenmesinde ısrarcı olmuştur. Şairin dünya görüşü ve sanatçı istidadı Necip Fazıl ve Sezai Karakoç’la kesişse de şiirsel hafızası kendi çizgisini oluşturmasında belirleyici olmuştur. Türk şiirinin erken yitirilenlerinden olan Cahit Zarifoğlu, şiirlerinde birçok imge ile karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Onun Yedi Güzel Adam şiir kitabında ‘dağ’ imgesi üzerinde ısrarla durduğu görülür. Bu çalışmada Zarifoğlu’nun Yedi Güzel Adam adlı şiir kitabında yer verilen ‘dağ’ imgesinin barındırdığı anlamsal döngüyü açığa çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır.
ANALISA DATA KECELAKAAN BERKALA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE LEAST SQUARE
Authors: Haikal Mohammad Fikri
Published: December 2020

I HOPE WITH ME SHARING MY TASKS WILL BE VERY USEFUL FOR MANY PEOPLE
HIST1H2BL is differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that histone cluster 1, H2bl, encoded by HIST1H2BL, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissues and primary tumors of the breast. HIST1H2BL mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast and to normal breast tissues. Up-regulation of HIST1H2BL expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Psychiatric and Psychological Research on Esports Is Not Limited to Professional Players
Authors: Karhulahti Veli-Matti
Published: December 2020

This is a response to a recently published letter by Griffiths (2020) in Asian Journal of Psychiatry. The response was submitted to the same journal on April 26, 2020. It was rejected two days later as not suitable for the journal.
Traumatic Testimony and Remembering in “The Lankuri Tree will Blossom Again”
Authors: Pokharel Badri Prasad
Published: December 2020

This paper examines Rajendra Bimal’s “The Lankuri Tree Will Blossom Again” is a post-conflict narrative which describes a poor and insurgency affected family living in the very hinterland of Nepal and their traumatic experience: fleeing away from home for safety, leaving the very adorable daughter to an unknown person and determining to live with the situation going on during the Maoist war. The story has been analyzed from the author’s narrative of adversity and trauma along with some thematic description. The themes include: perception of impending violence, trauma in the lives of commoners and gradual development from severe stress to determination to face the challenge. Nepal’s ten years long insurgency, a great loss in the country in the name of bringing peace and solidarity, has taken the lives of thousands of people and millions of others have been mentally and physically wounded. Hence, they are in trauma and their testimony has been a significant inscription of the history for those who want to know how innocent and common people were targeted. Here, I examine the story from personal trauma to the conflict generated consequences in the lives of affected people using content analysis of the personal, group, and socio-political factors associated with Bimal’s understanding of the People’s War, and of violence. Discussing the expected findings, this article centers on the common people’s fear of war and embedded peace in the country. Rajendra Bimal’s “The Lankuri Tree Will Blossom Again”, as a traumatic testimony of the insurgency, has been analyzed in this article to bring out the facts.
The main results of breeding and seed production of perennial grasses on the Don area in 2010–2020
Authors: Ignatiev S. A. , Regidin A. A. , Gryazeva T. V. , Goryunov K. N.
Published: December 2020

The current paper has presented an overview of the work of the laboratory for breeding and seed production of perennial grasses of the ARC “Donskoy” over a ten-year period. There has been presented a brief history of the development of the laboratory from the moment of its establishment to the present day. The main purpose of the work in this period was the breeding, reproduction, introduction into production of the new alfalfa and sainfoin varieties with a wide range of resistance to various stress factors with high productivity of forage and seeds. In the collection farms of alfalfa there have been tested and agro biologically estimated more than 600 varieties from the world collection of VIR, other research institutions and local hybrids. Based on this work there have been developed an initial material with a wide variability of economically-biological useful characters using the methods of hybridization and selection. The best lines and hybrids were included in the complex hybrid populations, which became the basis for the development of the new alfalfa varieties ‘Selyanka’ (2013) and ‘Golubka’ (2019). Throughout the history of the laboratory, great attention was paid to the development of the new sainfoin varieties, as a result of which there were zoned such varieties as ‘Severokavkazky dvuukosny’ (1947), ‘Zernogradsky 2’ (1998), ‘Zernogradsky 3’ (2001), ‘Atamansky’ (2004), ‘Veles’ (2010). Over the past ten years, there were developed the sainfoin varieties ‘Sudar’ (2013) and ‘Shuravi’ (2019) protected by a patent, the varieties undergone the State Variety Testing, were included into the State List of Breeding Achievements approved for use in several regions of the Russian Federation. There has been given a brief description of the current problems of breeding and primary seed production of perennial grasses, as well as the directions of the laboratory's work to solve them. There has been presented the publication activity of the researchers of the laboratory.
The results of breeding work with the winter bread wheat for non-fallow forecrops in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”
Authors: Marchenko D. M. , Ivanisov M. M. , Rybas’ I. A. , Nekrasov E. I. , Romanyukina I. V. , Chukhnenko Yu. Yu.
Published: December 2020

The breeding work with the winter bread wheat in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” is being carried out taking into account the increasing aridity of the local climate, the availability of different soil and climatic zones, various forecrops. Every year in the Rostov region there is an increase in the sown area under winter wheat. So, in 2020 the grain crop was sown on more than 2.6 million hectares. Most of it is sown after such non-fallow forecrops as peas, maize, sunflower and other crops. In this regard, it is important to develop and introduce into production winter bread wheat varieties based according to these forecrops. The laboratory for breeding and seed production of winter bread wheat of half-intensive type was established in 1978. For the period from 1978 to 2019, 36 varieties were developed in the laboratory and sent to the State Variety Testing. The main task of the crop breeding for non-fallow forecrops was and still remains to develop highly productive varieties with high frost resistance, drought resistance, heat resistance, resistance to major diseases and grain quality of strong and valuable wheat. In 2020 22 winter bread wheat varieties, developed in the laboratory, have been included into the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation. Currently five winter bread wheat varieties ‘Polina’, ‘Ambar’, ‘Niva Dona’, ‘Podarok Krymu’ and ‘Premiera’ are undergoing the State Variety Testing. There is still going on the work on the development of new winter bread wheat varieties that meet modern production requirements, with a wide ecological adaptability and stability of productivity and quality of grain and flour.
SMT Ceramic Capacitor Failure Mechanisms, Isolation Tools, Techniques and Analysis Methods
Authors: Carbone Ralph A. , Roche David J.
Published: December 2020

Surface Mount Technology (SMT) ceramic capacitors are widely used on virtually every type of electronic product. In computer systems, SMT capacitors populate the majority of electronic parts found on each Printed Circuit Assembly (PCA) within the product, primarily as bypass or coupling devices between power and ground. As such, the opportunity for failure is substantially higher than with other commonly used active or passive components. Additionally, the relatively small ceramic bodies are prone to mechanical damage. Their proportionately high numbers, sensitivity to mechanical stress and difficulty in isolating to a specific failing device on the PCA (since many of these parts are in parallel with many other identical capacitors) all combine to make the successful isolation and analysis of the root cause of failure particularly difficult for the failure analyst. Often, the cause of failure is misdiagnosed, or the evidence is compromised by the methods used to perform the analysis. This paper will discuss the common failure mechanisms associated with SMT ceramic capacitors, as well as some innovative non-destructive isolation tools and techniques, including C-Mode Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (C-SAM), Infrared thermography (IR) and Micro-Focus X-ray analysis. Several case studies will be cited which demonstrate each of the mechanisms and methods. Additionally, the processes used to properly analyze these defects will be examined.
Direct Measurements of Charge in Floating Gate Transistor Channels of Flash Memories Using Scanning Capacitance Microscopy
Authors: De Nardi Christophe , Desplats Romain , Perdu Philippe , Guérin Christophe , Gauffier Jean Luc , Amundsen Thomas B.
Published: December 2020

Failure Analysis has to deal with challenging questions about stored charges in floating gates in Non Volatile Memories (NVM) when reading does not give expected data. Access to this information will help to understand failure mechanisms. A method to measure on-site programmed charges in Flash EEPROM devices is presented. Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) is used to directly probe the carrier concentration on Floating Gate Transistor (FGT) channels. The methodology permits mapping channels and active regions from the die backside. Transistor charged values (ON/OFF) are measured and localized with a 15 nm resolution. Both preparation and probing methods are discussed. Applications are demonstrated on two different Flash technologies: a two-transistor cell (2T-cell) from Atmel and a one-transistor cell (1T-cell) from STMicroelectronics.
Energy Dispersive Spectrum (EDS) Study of Copper Grid Effect on Semiconductor Failure Analysis
Authors: Hu Jianqiang , Li Ming , Gao Qiang , Niou Chorng , Kary Chien W.T.
Published: December 2020

In this paper the artifacts of additional copper signal induced by the copper grid, one of the most widely used supporting grid for focus ion beam (FIB) prepared TEM sample, is studied. Its influence on both the spot and the line scan energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses are described. It was determined that, during line scan analysis, the strength of the copper signal varied between heavy and light elements, which could lead to inconclusive results during the EDS analysis of Cu interconnect structures. Based on the study using nickel support grid, it is concluded that the additional copper signal is a result of electrons scattered by the sample striking the Cu grid.
DNA to Safeguard Electrical Components and Protect Against Counterfeiting and Diversion
Authors: Hayward James A. , Meraglia Janice
Published: December 2020

This abstract provides an introduction to the utility of botanical DNA taggants to provide supply chain security for electronic components and to protect against counterfeiting and diversion. A detailed treatment of the science behind Applied DNA Sciences' botanical DNA technology, its applications to semiconductors and microchips, and an overview of DNA analysis by PCR and CE analysis is provided. In addition, information on the evolution of electronic product counterfeiting and inadequate anti-counterfeiting measures is also provided.
Localization of Dead Open in a Solder Bump by Space Domain Reflectometry
Authors: Vallett David P. , Bader Daniel A. , Talanov Vladimir V. , Gaudestad Jan , Gagliolo Nicolas , Orozco Antonio
Published: December 2020

Space Domain Reflectometry (SDR) is a newly developed non-destructive failure analysis (FA) technique for localizing open defects in both packages and dies through mapping in space domain the magnetic field produced by a radio frequency (RF) current induced in the sample, herein the name Space Domain Reflectometry. The technique employs a scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) RF microscope operating over a frequency range from 60 to 200 MHz. In this paper we demonstrate that SDR is capable of locating defective micro bumps in a flip-chip device.
Advanced Physical Inspection Methods for Counterfeit IC Detection
Authors: Shahbazmohamadi Sina , Forte Domenic , Tehranipoor Mark
Published: December 2020

Possible methods for counterfeit electronic part detection can be classified into two main categories: physical inspection and electrical testing. The physical inspection techniques can potentially be extended to different integrated circuit (IC) types; however, there are some challenges. The major contribution of this paper is to tackle these issues by introducing and optimizing two novel three and four dimensional imaging techniques that can provide us with the necessary information on interior and exterior geometry along with the material composition for the parts under test: four-dimensional scanning electron microscopy and dual energy 3D x-ray microscopy. In this study, advanced image processing and image analysis tools are utilized to establish a more consistent and accurate image perception. Inconsistencies within the samples and their defects are also used as an alternative to having a golden IC. However, the final decision has further been validated using results from five known authentic samples.
Analyzing the Impact of X-Ray Tomography on the Reliability of Integrated Circuits
Authors: Dogan Halit , Alam Md Mahbub , Asadizanjani Navid , Shahbazmohamadi Sina , Forte Domenic , Tehranipoor Mark
Published: December 2020

X-ray tomography is a promising technique that can provide micron level, internal structure, and three dimensional (3D) information of an integrated circuit (IC) component without the need for serial sectioning or decapsulation. This is especially useful for counterfeit IC detection as demonstrated by recent work. Although the components remain physically intact during tomography, the effect of radiation on the electrical functionality is not yet fully investigated. In this paper we analyze the impact of X-ray tomography on the reliability of ICs with different fabrication technologies. We perform a 3D imaging using an advanced X-ray machine on Intel flash memories, Macronix flash memories, Xilinx Spartan 3 and Spartan 6 FPGAs. Electrical functionalities are then tested in a systematic procedure after each round of tomography to estimate the impact of X-ray on Flash erase time, read margin, and program operation, and the frequencies of ring oscillators in the FPGAs. A major finding is that erase times for flash memories of older technology are significantly degraded when exposed to tomography, eventually resulting in failure. However, the flash and Xilinx FPGAs of newer technologies seem less sensitive to tomography, as only minor degradations are observed. Further, we did not identify permanent failures for any chips in the time needed to perform tomography for counterfeit detection (approximately 2 hours).
Automated Detection of Fault Sensitive Locations for Reconfiguration Attacks on Programmable Logic
Authors: Lohrke Heiko , Scholz Philipp , Boit Christian , Tajik Shahin , Seifert Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2020

Programmable logics, such as complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), are widely used in security applications. In these applications cryptographic ciphers, physically unclonable functions (PUFs) and other security primitives are implemented on such platforms. These security primitives can be the target of fault injection attacks. One of the most powerful examples of fault injection techniques is laser fault injection (LFI), which can induce permanent or transient faults into the configuration memories of programmable logic. However, localization of fault sensitive locations on the chip requires reverse-engineering of the utilized building blocks, and therefore, is a tedious task. In this work, we propose an automated technique using readily available IC debug tools to map and profile the fault sensitive locations of programmable logic devices in a short period.
Nanoscale Capacitance and Capacitance-Voltage Curves for Advanced Characterization of Electrical Properties of Si and GaN Structures Using Scanning Microwave Impedance Microscopy
Authors: Friedman Stuart , Amster Oskar , Yang Yongliang , Stanke Fred
Published: December 2020

The use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) electrical measurement modes is a critical tool for the study of semiconductor devices and process development. A relatively new electrical mode, scanning microwave impedance microscopy (sMIM), measures a material’s change in permittivity and conductivity at the scale of an AFM probe tip [1]. sMIM provides the real and imaginary impedance (Re(Z) and Im(Z)) of the probe-sample interface. By measuring the reflected microwave signal as a sample of interest is imaged with an AFM, we can in parallel capture the variations in permittivity and conductivity and, for doped semiconductors, variations in the depletion-layer geometry. An existing technique for characterizing doped semiconductors, scanning capacitance microscopy, modulates the tip-sample bias and detects the tip-sample capacitance with a lock-in amplifier. A previous study compares sMIM to SCM and highlights the additional capabilities of sMIM [2], including examples of nano-scale capacitance-voltage curves. In this paper we focus on the detailed mechanisms and capabilities of the nano-scale C-V curves and the ability to extract semiconductor properties from them. This study includes analytical and finite element modeling of tip bias dependent depletion-layer geometry and impedance. These are compared to experimental results on reference samples for both doped Si and GaN doped staircases to validate the systematic response of the sMIM-C (capacitive) channel to the doping concentration.
Low Energy Ar Ion Milling of FIB TEM Specimens from 14 nm and Future FinFET Technologies
Authors: Bonifacio C.S. , Nowakowski P. , Campin M.J. , Ray M.L. , Fischione P.E.
Published: December 2020

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimens are typically prepared using the focused ion beam (FIB) due to its site specificity, and fast and accurate thinning capabilities. However, TEM and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) analysis may be limited due to the resulting FIB-induced artifacts. This work identifies FIB artifacts and presents the use of argon ion milling for the removal of FIB-induced damage for reproducible TEM specimen preparation of current and future fin field effect transistor (FinFET) technologies. Subsequently, high-quality and electron-transparent TEM specimens of less than 20 nm are obtained.
Politicizing Elsewhere(s)
Authors: Mattes Dominik
Published: December 2020

Drawing on ethnographic research in a Nigerian-based Pentecostal church in Berlin, this article explores the discussions that emerged when my scholarly representations of the congregants’ aesthetic engagements with the Elsewhere diverged from the church leadership’s expectations. More specifically, it interrogates my representational practice in relation to the stakes of the diasporic congregation, which is operating at the political margin of Berlin’s widely diverse religious landscape. In exploring the collision of my analytical focus on the affect-charged elements of the believers’ routines of connecting to the Elsewhere with the church’s emphasis on affective discipline and moderation, the article demonstrates how aesthetic practices that engage with the Elsewhere not only have a religious but inevitably also a political bearing.
Revolução Cabana e Construção da Identidade Amazônida
Authors: Rodrigues Denise Simões
Published: December 2020

Publicado pela Eduepa em 2009 e rapidamente esgotado, o livro “Revolução Cabana e Construção da Identidade Amazônida”, da professora Denise Simões Rodrigues, está agora disponível em versão eletrônica. Agora alunos, professores, pesquisadores e qualquer leitor interessado em conhecer com mais profundidade esse que foi dos mais importantes movimentos populares da primeira metade do século XIX, época em que começa a despontar um sentimento de nacionalidade brasileira, podem contar com esta obra instigante, fruto de uma pesquisa séria feita com toda a paixão que a liberdade, tema imanente ao livro, desperta em sua autora.
Enzymatic synthesis of 4-methoxycinnamoylglycerol Uv filter mediated by immobilized-lipase and nanoparticle formation on N-succinylchitosan
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Escobar Sindy , Bernal Claudia ,   Universidad de La Serena, Mesa Monica ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: December 2020

The synthesis of 4-methoxycinnamoylglycerol takes advantage of the biodiesel subproduct for obtaining a hydrophilic UV cinnamate derivate filter, useful in sunscreen formulations. The objective here was to demonstrate that esterification of 4-methoxycinnamic acid and glycerol mediated by immobilized-lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus is selective towards 4-methoxycinnamoylglycerol monoester UV filter, whose chemical characteristics favor the nanoparticles formation by ionotropic gelation on N-Succinyl chitosan. A cinnamic acid conversion ~34% in hexane is higher than in other reports, without the presence of other sub-products or degradation products. This eases the purification process by liquid-liquid extraction. The free glyceryl entities favour its incorporation on N-Succinyl chitosan nanoparticles with size around 185±77nm, which are promissory for sunblock products.
Desplazamiento de elementos metálicos en el estero El Culebrón, por la presencia de un relave minero abandonado, Coquimbo – Chile
Authors:   Universidad Pedro de Valdivia, Zamarreño Ricardo , Cabana Ricardo ,   Universidad de La Serena, Vergara Karen ,   Universidad de La Serena, Cortez Susana ,   Universidad Pedro de Valdivia
Published: December 2020

La presencia de residuos mineros en la región de Coquimbo es un serio problema, que impacta al medio ambiente y a la sociedad. Se estudió el impacto que genera la presencia de un relave abandonado, ubicado en el humedal el Culebrón, que es costero y urbano, determinando la cantidad y la movilidad de algunos elementos, que se encuentran presentes en este relave. Se realizaron dos etapas de muestreos del suelo en la zona del humedal y en el relave, que fueron sometidas a digestión ácida y cuantificación, mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Los metales con mayor concentración fueron el hierro, seguido del aluminio y, en menor cantidad, zinc, arsénico y plomo. El aluminio tuvo un comportamiento distinto a los demás, ya que presentó baja concentración en el relave y concentraciones equivalentes en las distintas áreas muestreadas, dando la idea que está naturalmente en el humedal. El arsénico presentó una gran movilidad, puesto que su mayor concentración está en el límite del relave y su concentración varió en las distintas zonas del humedal. Del estudio, se concluyó que la distribución de estos elementos en la zona de estudio, se debe a dos factores importantes; el primero, por el proceso geoquímico natural de movilidad de estos componentes y el segundo y más importante es el tsunami que sufrió la comuna de Coquimbo, en 2015.
The Contributions of Propensity, Delinquent Peers, Low Parental Supervision, and Empathy to the Emergence of Antisocial Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence: Testing Developmental Path Models Combining Psychological- and Sociological-Criminological Approaches
Authors: Wallner Susanne , Stemmler Mark , Reinecke Jost
Published: December 2020

Psychological- and sociological-criminological research refers to, for example, cumulative risk factor models (e.g., Lösel & Bender, 2003) and Situational Action Theory (SAT; e.g., Wikström, 2006). The German longitudinal study “Chances and Risks in the Life Course” (research project A2, Collaborative Research Center 882; e.g., Reinecke, Stemmler, & Wittenberg, 2016) focuses upon the development of antisocial behavior from a psychological and sociological point of view. Two-wave panel data of two cohorts (children and adolescents) were utilized to test the power of developmental path models investigating the development of antisocial behavior. Individual risk seems to have both direct and indirect influences on antisocial behavior, supporting the ideas of risk factor models; antisocial behavior might be the outcome of the interaction between propensity and criminogenic exposure, so there is evidence for SAT. Additionally, empathy seems to be related to both propensity and low parental supervision. Implications for the study of antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence are discussed in line with developmental criminology.
Comparison of lower limb muscle activity during the dynamic balance test between baseball pitchers and healthy young adults
Authors: Jeon Jeongwoo , Lee Jiyeon , Hong Jiheon , Yu Jaeho , Kim Jinseop , Lee Dongyeop
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:

Dynamic balance is an essential factor for efficient pitching by baseball pitchers.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare distances reached and lower-extremity muscle activity during the star excursion balance test (SEBT) in baseball pitchers and healthy young adults.

METHODS:

Nineteen baseball pitchers (BPG) and 20 healthy adults (HAG) were recruited. Surface EMG was used to measure the activity of vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), tibialis anterior, and lateral gastrocnemius.

RESULTS:

The BPG exhibited greater dynamic balance than in the HAG ([Formula: see text] 0.05) in the posteromedial (PM) and posterolateral (PL) directions. For the PM and PL directions, significantly greater muscle activity of VM and VL was found in the BPG than in the HAG ([Formula: see text] 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

SEBT performance is characterized by high-level VM and VL muscle activities. Neuromuscular control of knee extensors, such as the VM and VL of pitchers, might affect the dynamic balance measured by the SEBT.
Central banks and external statistics: Evolution or revolution?
Authors: Menezes Paula , Pastoris Fausto , Picon-Aguilar Carmen , Schmitz Martin , Silva Nuno , Tissot Bruno
Published: December 2020

Globalisation is posing important challenges to external statistics, which have been reinforced in recent decades by rapid digital innovation, the complexity and limited transparency of multinational corporate structures, and the increased importance of global financial centres. Examples of such challenges include the fragmentation of global production chains and the changing nature of foreign direct investment. One fundamental question is whether the multipurpose analytical tool provided by external statistics should be simply adapted or radically transformed to address these issues. The experience of central banks shows that a number of alternative ways can be effectively developed in the medium term to adapt the current external statistics framework, especially by: collecting supplementary data; enhancing the infrastructure supporting compilation; focusing the analysis on large and global corporate groups; presenting more granular data for the aggregates currently compiled; and revisiting the concept of foreign direct investment.
PENERAPAN DIRECT MARKETING PADA UKM JAJANAN TRADISIONAL
Authors: Atmojo Cahyo Tri
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Penerapan Direct Marketing Pada UKM Jajanan Tradisional Di Desa Bulang Kecamatan Prambon Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif strategi fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data primer observasi dan wawancara serta sumber data sekunder melalui dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan triangulasi data. Hasil yang diperoleh yakni penerapan direct marketing pada UKM jajanan tradisional sudah sangat baik, dan sudah menggunakan strategi bauran promosi yang salah satunya yakni direct marketing yakni dengan menggunakan media internet.
The engaruh Suplementasi Dl-Methionine terhadap Berat Hidup, Berat Karkas dan Konversi Pakan Ayam Broiler
Authors: Amleni Martha Ludigadris , Lisnahan Charles V. , Bira Gerson F.
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi dl-methionine dalam pakan terhadap berat hidup, berat karkas dan konversi pakan ayam broiler. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Kandang Laboratorium Program Studi Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Timor Kefamenanu selama 7 minggu, sejak Desember 2019 sampai Januari 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam broiler berumur 14 hari, sebanyak 80 ekor. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola searah terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah T0 (pakan kontrol tanpa suplementasi dl-metionine), T1 (suplementasi 0,30% dl-methionine dalam pakan), T2 (suplementasi 0,50% dl-methionine dalam pakan), dan T3 (suplementasi 0,70% dl-methionine dalam pakan). Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah berat hidup, berat karkas dan konversi pakan ayam broiler. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan uji duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata berat hidup perlakuan T0, T1, T2 dan T3 masing-masing adalah 1875,00±56,79; 2077,25±46,51; 2079,00±57,11; dan 2200,50±27,74 g/ekor. Berat karkas 1287,40±46,14;1457,82±27,36; 1484,42±45,13 dan 1567,32±8,27 g/ekor. Berat dada 512,63±8,60; 584,44±14,27; 598,16±13,93 dan 658,69±15,75 g/ekor. Berat paha 511,19±16,57; 587,86±10,48 604,55±26,86 dan 636,35±21,65 g/ekor. Konversi pakan 2,03±0,10; 1,70±0,07; 1,66±0,05 dan 1,55±0,02. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel yang diamati (P<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi dl-methionine sebesar 0,70% dalam pakan meningkatkan berat hidup, karkas dan konversi pakan ayam broiler.
Educação e Direitos Humanos: A Experiência Pedagógica na Formação Docente
Authors: Magalhães Solange Martins Oliveira
Published: December 2020

A compreensão, propagação e prática de uma educação em direitos humanos vêm exigindo, sobretudo das universidades públicas, maior discussão e posicionamento a respeito dos temas abordados na formação docente, principalmente, em relação aos temas transversais, como os direitos humanos e sua interdisciplinaridade. A formação de professores e, posteriormente, a educação, se configuram como espaço de uma ação essencial que pode possibilitar o acesso real a todos os direitos. Assim pensando, esse artigo apresenta a temática Direitos Humanos, articulada à prática formadora, nos moldes de oficinas pedagógicas, segundo as exigências do Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos (PNEDH-3) e a Declaração Universal de Direitos Humanos. Os resultados mostram a ação docente como práxis, libertadora e emancipadora, além de geradora de criticidade, valorização e respeito aos direitos fundamentais.Direitos Humanos. Educação em Direitos Humanos. Formação de Professores.Education and Human Rights: The Pedagogic Experience in the teachers educationAbstractThe understanding, propagation and practice of a human rights education has demanded, above all, from public universities, a greater discussion and positioning regarding the themes addressed in teacher education, especially in relation to transversal themes such as human rights and their interdisciplinarity. The education of teachers and, subsequently, the education, are configured as a space for an essential action that can enable real access to all rights. Therefore, this article presents the Human Rights thematic, articulated to the formative practice in the molds of pedagogics workshops, according to the requirements of the Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos (National Education Plan in Human Rights), PNEDH-3, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The results show the teaching action as a praxis, liberating and emancipating, and also generating criticality, valorization and respect for the fundamental rights. Human Rights. Education in Human Rights. Teachers Education.
KAJIAN POTENSI AGROWISATA DI KAWASAN WISATA COBAN JAHE, DESA PANDANSARI LOR, KECAMATAN JABUNG, KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Alfian Rizki , Budiyono Debora , Ewang Suryadi Umbu
Published: December 2020

Pandansari Lor Village is one of the tourist villages in the District of Jabung, Malang. Pandansari Lor has the potential for agro-tourism so that tourist visits have increased every year. With the level of agro-tourism activities increasing the volume of visitors is increasing. In addition, the level of understanding of the local community towards agro-tourism is low so it needs to be socialized about agro-tourism. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of agrotourism in Pandansari Lor village. The research was conducted in November to December 2019, using the inventory method or field survey, and SWOT analysis. Data collection is carried out by means of field observations, calculations, interviews and literature studies. Based on the results of the feasibility assessment of the agro-tourism area, Tegir Hamlet is a hamlet that has the potential to be developed into an agrotourism area because it is ranked first with a total weight of 3.85. Begawan and shadow hamlets have the same number of weights, which is 3.75, which has the potential to be developed as an agro-tourism area while Kedawung Hamlet is the least potential because it is ranked the lowest at 2.85. The main alternative strategies are, optimizing existing agrotourism activities and other supporting agro-tourism objects and attractions, providing training and socialization related to agro-tourism and agriculture through collaboration with many related parties to expand the network on agro-tourism.