bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burnout and its associated factors among medical laboratory professional in public hospitals of Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Atlabachew Daniel , Asaye Sintayehu , Alemu Yared , Bekele Shiferaw
Published: April 2023

Burnout is a work-related mental and physical syndrome resulting from long-term exposure to emotional and interpersonal stressors. The health of Medical Laboratory Professionals may be affected by prolonged exposure to massive stress, despite widely prevalent burnout but a few studies about the specific patterns of burnout in this profession.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the magnitude of burnout and its associated factors among Medical Laboratory Professionals in public hospitals of Jimma zone, southwest Ethiopia, from May 1 - June 1, 2022.
Patients and methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted, on 153 study participants. Data collection was done using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. Data were verified, encoded, entered with EPI INFO Version 7, and analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0. Descriptive statistics were analyzed through cross-tabulation. Further, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to identify predictor variables significantly associated with the outcome variable. All variables with p-value ≤ 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model to adjust possible confounders. Finally, variables with a p-value of <0.05 in the final analysis, were considered to explain the presence of association.
Results: A total of 153 participants were included in this study. The majority, 89(58.2%) were aged less than 29 years with a mean ±SD (29.95 ± 4.2). Forty-six (30.1%) reported suffering from a high level of burnout. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, smoking a cigarette for several days [(AOR =1.74, 95% CI (0.94 to 3.91)], abuse of drugs [(AOR= 0.083, 95% CI (0.034-0.247)], lack of adequate sleep [(AOR= 0.237, 95% CI (0.098-0.643)], not having a family relationship [(AOR= 4.73, 95% CI (1.82-7.324)], demonstrated a statistically significant association with the burnout.
Conclusion and recommendations: According to the findings of this study, drinking alcohol, abuse of drugs, smoking cigarettes for several days, lack of adequate sleep, and not having a family relationship were significant predictor variables for burnout in MLPs.
These findings contribute to further research with larger sample sizes and the establishment of interventions to improve the mental health and well-being of MLPs
Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminum 7050 Alloy with Glass Particles Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Tadege Yalew Tamene , Kori Tamiru Hailu , Yona Dawit Muluneh , Santhosh Johnson
Published: April 2023

Aluminum-based reinforced composites have gained considerable attention due to their superior mechanical properties. Reinforcement can take the form of continuous/discontinuous fibers, whiskers, particulates, or white particles. Micro-sized reinforcements have brought about a radical change in composite materials. The properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMCs) can be customized for a variety of industrial applications by selecting appropriate combinations of matrix, reinforcement, and processing routes. This study focuses on the experimental investigation of AMCs reinforced with 4%, 6%, and 8% by weight of 225µm glass particles using the stir casting method. The mechanical properties of the fabricated composites were analyzed, including hardness and tensile strength. The properties of unreinforced alloys and composites were measured and results indicated that these properties improved with an increase in the weight percentage of glass particulates in the aluminum matrix.
The Composite Quality Score for the appraisal of prospective controlled clinical therapy trials in systematic reviews and its limits (Preprint)
Authors: Mickenautsch Steffen , Rupf Stefan , Yengopal Veerasamy
Published: April 2023

Systematic reviews of prospective controlled clinical therapy trials are one of the most important sources of information in modern medicine. Besides the systematic search for and statistical pooling of current clinical trial data for a particular type of therapy, systematic reviews also have the task of appraising the quality of trial results. The quality of trial results may be diminished by low internal trial validity, due to systematic error (bias). A high risk of bias may likely cause the reported trial results to be diverted from the actual true therapeutic effect and thus render it unsuitable for clinical guidance. According to the Cochrane Collaboration, the risk of bias in clinical therapy trials should be assessed using its Risk of Bias tool, Version 2 (RoB 2). However, the tool has been established to have poor inter-rater reliability, with a limited empirical evidence base and described as complex and demanding. Against this background, the Composite Quality Score (CQS) has been developed as a possible alternative trial appraisal tool, characterised by high epistemic rigour, empirical evidence base, inter-rater reliability and ease of use. This article presents the current evidence of the CQS and its limitations.
Decreased Toll-like receptor 4 and CD11b/CD18 expression on peripheral monocytes of hypertensive patients correlates with a lesser extent of endothelial damage—a preliminary study.
Authors: Budzyń
Published: April 2023

Background

Low-grade chronic inflammation is recognized to contribute to the physiopathology of arterial hypertension. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pro-inflammatory phenotype of peripheral monocytes of hypertensive patients by analyzing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD11b/CD18 surface expression. In the second part, the influence of phenotypic alterations of monocytes on the endothelial status reflected by circulating endothelial cells (CECs) was evaluated.

Patients

The study involved thirty patients with mild hypertension (MH) and thirty subjects with resistant hypertension (RH). The control group included thirty-three age and sex-matched normotensive volunteers.

Results

Reduced TLR4 and CD11b/CD18 surface expression was found in MH and RH patients compared to normotensive volunteers. In addition, the percentage of monocytes co-expressing TLR4 and CD11b/CD18 decreased with the clinical severity of the disease. A statistically significant correlation between TLR4 and CD18 expression was observed in MH patients. Decreased TLR4 surface expression was inversely associated with plasma TNF-α levels in RH patients. A decreased TLR4 surface expression in MH patients and losing CD11b/CD18 on cell membrane in RH patients correlated with a lower number of CECs.

Conclusion

Our preliminary study showed for the first time that hypertension of varying severity is accompanied by phenotypic changes in monocytes, manifested by reduced surface expression of both TLR4 and CD11b/CD18. This phenotypic feature may allow monocytes to downregulate inflammatory response and limit vascular damage. Our study opens a new unexplored area of research on the anti-inflammatory function of monocytes in hypertension.
Information Technology as Catalyst for Value Re-Engineering Implementation in the Nigerian Construction Industry
Authors:   Department of Building Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, PMB 55 Bida, Niger State, NIGERIA, Jibrin Ibrahim Mohammed , Aminu Shehu Muhammad ,   Department of Building Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, PMB 55 Bida, Niger State, NIGERIA
Published: April 2023

Technological development has placed pressure on construction industry. Reviewing its activities due to an increase in a globally competitive market has manifested from the construction environment’s changing need to meet customer satisfaction. These pose challenges to many construction industries in developing countries to improve the quality of the product produced to meet the customer’s needs. The study aims to examine the impact of information technology (IT) application on value re-engineering (VRE) implementation that gives rise to customer value addition, through enhanced profitability performance and cost reduction for the construction industry to offer benefits for customers to achieve satisfaction. Using purposive sampling techniques, the subjectivist methodology was utilised to establish critical success factors in 40 purposefully sampled building construction operators within Abuja, Nigeria. The result further revealed that quality design and collaborative working among the VRE practitioners help the customer to derive the benefit of waste reduction by achieving a value-added perspective using high technology that influences both design and construction operations for the project. Early dissemination of information and design adequacy reduces pressure on both materials and labour scarcity. Finally, there is a significant need for the construction process to be re-engineered through the utility of change enablers and the introduction of assistive technologies like IT as drivers of VRE implementation on value addition that give rise to customer-derived benefits.
National Cultural Dimensions and Their Impact on Construction Project Management in Developing Countries: The Case of Ghana
Authors:   Faculty of IT Business, Ghana Communication Technology University, P.O. Box MC 3262, Takoradi Campus, GHANA, Amoah Armstrong , Berbegal-Mirabent Jasmina ,   Department of Management, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Víctor Balaguer, Vilanova i la Geltrú, SPAIN, Marimon Frederic ,   Department of Economy and Business Organization, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Immaculada, Barcelona, SPAIN
Published: April 2023

Construction project management (CPM) in developing countries (DCs) tends to experience high levels of failure. These failures have been attributed to technical, behavioural and economic factors. However, in an increasingly globalised world, understanding cultural dimensions and their impacts has become essential for effective CPM. This study therefore examines how national cultural dimensions (NCDs) affects CPM in DCs. Six dimensions that were identified from the review were used in a survey of 140 project management experts. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, a scale was obtained and validated through structural equation modelling. The results reveal that the level of inequality and the orientation of a developing country with respect to time can significantly predict CPM in these countries. This study draws managerial attention to how different cultural dimensions and collaboration among project team members impact CPM. The value of this research lies in the creation of a model that contributes to the understanding of CPM in DCs from the cultural perspective. This will help project managers to properly devise ways of dealing with cultural misunderstandings, which will eventually lead to appropriate approaches to CPM in these countries.
Applications and Challenges of Adopting the Internet of Things (IoT) in the Rwandan Construction Industry
Authors:   Department of Construction Management, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, 3900 Kigali-Rwanda, RWANDA, Dosumu Oluwaseun Sunday , Mahame Constant ,   Department of Construction Management, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, 3900 Kigali-Rwanda, RWANDA, Niyitegeka Simon ,   Department of Construction Management, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, 3900 Kigali-Rwanda, RWANDA, Hahiirwuwambaza Jean Aime ,   Department of Construction Management, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, 3900 Kigali-Rwanda, RWANDA
Published: April 2023

The adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) is essential because it facilitates project information, saves time and cost and reduces risks on construction sites. The objectives of the study were to investigate the adoption, application and challenges of IoT technologies in the Rwandan construction industry. The survey research design (open- and close-ended questionnaire) was adopted for the study. The questionnaire was administered to registered construction professionals in Rwanda. The stratified random sampling technique was adopted for the study. The data for the study was analysed using frequencies, mean scores and student t-tests. The findings of the study indicated that none of the IoT technologies was well-adopted, two were adopted, eleven were averagely adopted and twenty-two were slightly adopted. Also, IoT technologies were used for project management, efficient transportation, time management and production of site plans. The significant challenges with the adoption of IoT technologies were a lack of training centres, lack of IoT awareness, lack of expertise, poor network connectivity, a requirement for extra budget to acquire IoT technologies and poor collaboration among construction stakeholders. The study concluded that the level of adoption of IoT technologies in the Rwandan construction industry was low and there was no difference in the opinions of the respondents on the adoption and challenges of adopting IoT technologies in the construction industry. The study recommends the spread of awareness of the adoption of IoT technologies and enact laws and policies that can foster the adoption of IoT technologies in the construction industry.
Heavy Metal Contamination of Animal Feed in Texas
Authors: Dai Susie Y. , Jones Ben , Lee Kyung-Min , Li Wei , Post Lynn , Herrman Timothy J
Published: April 2023

The management of animal feed safety risks using a risk management framework begins with identifying and quantifying the presence of hazards. For animal feed, a paucity of information exists about the presence of heavy metal in feed ingredients, premixes, and finished feed. This study examines 564 feed samples over a period of five years (2010-2015) collected by Texas Feed and Fertilizer Control Service (FFCS) investigators using ocial sampling and chain-of-custody techniques. Samples were prepared and analyzed in the Oce of the Texas State Chemists laboratory (Agricultural Analytical Service) on the campus of Texas A&M University in College Station, TX. The heavy metals of concern included arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and thallium (Tl). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic techniques and summarized by element, feed type, and year. During 2010, 28% of the samples contained detectable levels of heavy metals, a few of which contained higher than maximum tolerable levels of the elements [1]. The percentage of detectable heavy metals increased in subsequent years as the analytical technique used became more sensitive and an increased number of heavy metal contaminants were analyzed. A positive skewness was observed for most heavy metals in most ingredients resulting for the detection of high levels of contamination among a few samples. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of heavy metals during the prescribed time period and ingredient/finished feed type and will facilitate risk assessment and implementation of risk management techniques prescribed by the Food Safety Modernization Act requirements that impacts the United States and global feed industry.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v04n01p021 (DOI assigned 7/23/2019)
Direct Determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in Soybean and Corn by Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Chamkasem Narong , Morris Cynthia
Published: April 2023

A simple high-throughput liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) in soybean and corn using a reversed-phase with weak anion-exchange and cation-exchange mixed-mode Acclaim™ Trinity™ Q1 column. The method involved an alkaline hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide in order to convert all forms of 2,4-D into a salt form prior to extraction with acidified acetonitrile. The acetonitrile was salted out of the extract with sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate. The acetonitrile extract was diluted 1:1 with water and filtered before analysis by LC-MS/MS in a negative mode. Recoveries were evaluated at 10, 100, and 500 ng/g with seven replicates. Mean recovery ranged from 86 to 107% with relative standard deviation of less than 10%.  Matrix suppression was not observed in this procedure; therefore, no internal standard was needed. The method was used successfully for the determination of 2,4-D in soybean and corn samples containing incurred residue. The procedure proved to be quick, accurate, precise, sensitive, and selective.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v04n02p009 (DOI assigned 7/3/2019)
Producing Quality Laboratory Data: A Systems Approach
Authors: Dai Susie Y.
Published: April 2023

With a myriad of laboratory testing services available to the customers in the current market, quality is one of the most important features that the customer desires for this service. In the production and service sectors, quality means meeting the customer’s expectations. The quality data produced by the laboratory thus needs to be accurate, defensible and fit-for-purpose to meet the customer’s expectations.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v04n02p019 (DOI assigned 7/3/2019)
Identification of Unknown Compound in Apocynum cannabinum by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) and 600 MHz NMR
Authors: Lou Rensheng , Rottinghaus George , Thomas Andrew L , Monroe Doug , Tran Kevin , Smith Robert E
Published: April 2023

High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was able to determine that the m/z of the [M+H]+ ion formed by an unknown compound that was purified by preparative scale liquid chromatography (LC) was 137.05966. This was done rapidly and easily by direct infusion. Neither a column nor chromatography was needed. This is within 0.4 ppm of the mass calculated by ThermoFisher’s exact mass calculator for the protonated version of C8H8O2. Based on this, the compound could have been 2’-, 3’- or 4’-hydroxyacetophenone or 2’-, 3’- or 4’-methoxybenzaldehyde. However, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of the isolated compound showed that it was 4’-hydroxyacetophenone, without needing a standard. Neither mass spectrometry (MS) nor NMR could have identified this compound by itself. Finally, HRMS was also able to verify that another peak isolated by preparative scale LC was apocynin, or 4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxyacetophenone.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v04n03p014 (DOI assigned 5/31/2019)
What is in the Product and How to Measure It?
Authors: Dai Susie Y.
Published: April 2023

Label claim, as its name implies, assures consumers that the claims printed on the label of a regulated product accurately represent the product within. Ruth et al. reports in “Consistency of label claims of internet-purchased hemp oil and cannabis products as determined using IMS and LC-MS: a market survey” of a qualitative and quantitative study of 23 hemp oil products using two advanced instrument methods: an ion mobility mass spectrometry method and a liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry method. Cannabis products have become a hotly debated topic due to recent legislative changes. Although several cannabinoid compounds are designated as Schedule I controlled substances by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (USDEA), many state legislatures have legalized marijuana for medical use, recreational use, or both. Schedule I controlled substances are defined by DEA as “drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Schedule I drugs are the most dangerous drugs of all the drug schedules with potentially severe psychological or physical dependence” (USDEA). Regardless of state-level legislation and on-going debate in state legislature, science-driven research forms the background needed by the general public, public health officials, and policy makers to make informed decisions about cannabis products and marijuana. Particularly important from a public health perspective are methods to assess cannabis product content and safety. Ruth et al. found that some commercial products were not consistent with the label claim, foreshadowing future regulatory challenges of the cannabis industry, such as denoting compounds to be sought in testing, testing methods, and the implementation of quality control and quality assurance.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v04n03pi (DOI assigned 5/31/2019)
Evolution of the Keivy domain in the Precambrian
Authors: Kozlov N. E. , Sorokhtin N. O. , Marchuk T. S.
Published: April 2023

Detailed geological and petrogeochemical studies carried out using the techniques developed by the authors have made it possible to complete the picture of the formation of supracrustal complexes of the Keivy structure. The studies have shown that the metasedimentary complexes of the Chervurt and Vykhchurt suites were formed mainly due to the material of the underlying strata. In the development of the Vykhchurt Formation, starting from its upper part, the material of the domains surrounding the Keivy takes an active part. The authors have come to the conclusion that at least the middle part of the Keivy section was formed as a result of washing and redeposition of the material of the structure itself, it confirms the conclusions about the presence of redeposited weathering crusts within the Keivy. The results obtained testify to the correctness of the earlier conclusion about the formation of the Keivy structure under conditions most similar to the middle massifs, and to a certain extent explain the formation of a giant deposit of aluminum raw materials within the Keivy.
Regeneration and 'Placemaking' without Governance in a Grey field Context: The Transformation of Salisbury, Queensland, Australia
Authors: Darchen Sébastien
Published: April 2023

This paper examines how the concept of 'place' could be integrated in the regeneration process for the industrial suburb of Salisbury in Queensland, Australia and how the three Bs can be used as a framework to study the evolution and the possible futures of the suburb. The paper draws
on data collected from interviews with stakeholders as well as the outcomes of a Design Studio course as well as a panel organized for a University of Queensland event on placemaking in 2018 as a practical way of exploring potential scenarios for place-based regeneration of the suburb. The
aim of the paper is both to understand the current transformation process of this suburb and to develop recommendations for a regeneration process integrating the concept of 'place' in the South East Queensland (SEQ) context where regeneration principles are not well integrated into local
plans for the suburb of Salisbury. The paper highlights two conflicting views about the regeneration process and placemaking. The conclusion outlines recommendations to promote a regeneration process that could be adapted for both the Salisbury and the grey fields context for South East Queensland
and would reconcile the two visions of what the regeneration of Salisbury should be.
The Blended Landscapes of Outer London
Authors: Natarajan Lucy , Panayotopoulos-Tsiros Dimitrios , Manns Jonathan
Published: April 2023

In March 2020, a Suburban Taskforce was established by Members of Parliament (MPs) in the UK. This Taskforce argued that the experiences of suburbs in England were poorly understood by policy-makers and developers, practitioners, and the general public. Over the two years of research
and engagement that followed, a key consideration to emerge was the management of change and particularly in the context of growth pressures evident in Outer London. This has synergies with recent trends in suburban research that turn away from negative framings of places in extended metropolitan
areas, such as 'edgeness' (not in the city) and 'in-between-ness' (neither urban nor rural activity). Instead, there is increasing focus on suburban cultural dynamics and political ecology. Drawing on these ideas, this paper looks at suburbs as landscapes with natural and built elements, as
well as diverse activities, and focuses on the processes of blending. The evidence and views presented to the Taskforce are used to investigate the blended landscapes of Outer London. The paper explores the elements and development rationalities in two London Boroughs, Sutton and Waltham Forest,
and the context that shapes choices. The findings suggest that, while not discounting the significance of growth pressures and limits to local control, suburban landscapes are heavily influenced by responses to local socio-economic concerns, historic urban form, and the politics of local development.
The paper concludes by reflecting on the directions of change in the study areas, and the significance of dynamics of ongoing blending of the landscapes across outer parts of major cities.
Emerging Post-Suburban Blendscapes in Metropolitan Milan and Amsterdam: Comparing Pioltello and Almere
Authors: De Vidovich Lorenzo , Tzaninis Yannis
Published: April 2023

European peripheries and suburbs are generally seen by scholars and policy experts as part of a polycentric urban-regional network. This conceptually 'cityist' and methodologically 'urbano-centric' narrative often neglects the dynamics that may emanate from and within the periphery
itself instead of cities alone. This paper engages with the history, possibilities, and transformative potential of European urban peripheries in their own right. It does this by employing the idea of 'post-suburbia'. On the one hand, the concept of 'post-suburbia' is relatively open and flexible,
thus helpful in disclosing novel peripheral conditions and contexts. On the other hand, it captures the relevant places and dynamics of metropolitan integration and the consolidation of regional networks in metropolitan space. First, the paper demonstrates how post-World War II European suburbanization
has culminated in diverse, uneven post-suburban landscapes in the urban regions of Milan and Amsterdam, and specifically in Pioltello and Almere respectively. Second, the paper shows the nuances of socio-spatial transformations that have emerged in these two suburban peripheries, as an outcome
of suburbanization. This twofold reflection enables post-suburbia as a valuable perspective that can unpack the diversities and complexities of urban regions under constant transformation by accounting for processes of diversification resulting in suburban 'blendscapes'.
Evaluation of hydrological regime alteration and ecological effects in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Jiao Hongbo , Guo Wenxian , Jiao Xuyang
Published: April 2023

The state of water flow is recognized as a key driver of the structure and function of river ecosystems. We selected streamflow data (1960–2020) from three key hydrological stations in the upper Yangtze River: Pingshan, Cuntan, and Yichang. We analyzed the characteristics and changes of the hydrologic regimes of the Yangtze River using the Mann–Kendall method, wavelet analysis, and the IHA-RVA method, and explored the response mechanisms of fish to changes in the hydrological regimes. The results show that (1) the average annual discharge of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is decreasing, and the abrupt changes in Pingshan, Cuntan, and Yichang stations occurred in 1985, 1998, and 2002, respectively, with the main period of 24–32 years. (2) The overall degree of hydrological changes at Pingshan, Cuntan, and Yichang stations is 45%, 50%, and 61%, respectively, all of which are moderate changes. (3) Dams in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River have caused changes in the flow regime of the Yangtze River. Among them, the changes in the alternating frequency of flow and the annual extreme flow have affected the habitat of aquatic organisms and seriously affected the reproduction of important fishes in the Yangtze River.
Школьный буллинг: признаки социально-психологической дезадаптации у Обидчиков, Жертв и Обидчиков-жертв
Authors: Капустина Татьяна В. , Эльзессер Анастасия С. , Мандрыкина Лидия В. , Гайдай Антон С.
Published: April 2023

Введение. Статья посвящена анализу социально-психологической дезадаптации у школьников, вовлеченных в буллинг и занимающих разные роли: «Обидчик», «Жертва», «Обидчик-Жертва». Нами впервые показаны возможности применения «Скрининг-метода для диагностики склонности к экстремизму» (Р. В. Кадыров, Т. В. Капустина, Е. В. Садон, А. С. Эльзессер) в исследовании буллинга. Раскрываются психологические особенности наименее исследованной роли «Обидчик-Жертва». Методы. В исследовании приняли участие 206 старшеклассников в возрасте 15–18 лет. Для выявления групп школьников-участников буллинга применялась методика «Ситуация буллинга в школе» (В. Р. Петросянц), для определения выраженности социально-психологической дезадаптации – «Скрининг-метод для диагностики склонности к экстремизму» (Р. В. Кадыров и др.); психологические характеристики групп определялись с помощью «Индивидуально-типологического опросника» (Л. Н. Собчик), и «Теста агрессивности» (Л. Г. Почебут). Результаты. Признаки социальной дезадаптации выявлены у всех групп, участвующих в буллинге, наиболее выражена дезадаптация у Жертв и Обидчиков-Жертв. Среди признаков дезадаптации выявлены: для Обидчиков – демонстративность, предпочтение компьютерных игр с преобладающими компонентами насилия, сниженный эмоциональный фон и упадок сил; для Жертв – закрытость и отстраненность, пониженное настроение; для Обидчиков-Жертв – неприязнь к окружающим, симпатии к девиантам, закрытость. Обидчики-Жертвы сочетают дезадаптивные черты инициатора и объекта травли. Определены статистически значимые различия (p < 0,05) в психологических характеристиках участников буллинга. У Обидчиков на фоне других групп оказались значимо выражены такие черты, как спонтанность, агрессивность и неконформность. У Жертв выражены интроверсия, тревожность, самоагрессия, зависимость, а также отрицательная корреляция с лабильностью. Значимых корреляций в группе Обидчиков-Жертв не выявлено. У всех участников буллинга обнаружены признаки нарушения социальной адаптации – переживание одиночества, негативное отношение к окружающим и трудности с доверием. Обсуждение результатов. Полученные результаты согласуются с фактами, отмеченными другими исследователями, такими как: использование буллинга Обидчиками для повышения своей позиции в неформальной иерархии, наличие у них выраженной импульсивности и стремления к доминированию; интровертированность, тревожность и закрытость Жертв; трудности с доверием, интровертированность, тревожность и враждебность Обидчиков-Жертв.
Диагностические возможности анализа сновидений: теоретические предпосылки и методические подходы
Authors: Березина Зинаида И. , Кит Олег И. , Комарова Екатерина Ф. , Арапова Юлия Ю. , Протасова Татьяна П.
Published: April 2023

Введение. Нарушение некоторых когнитивных функций и общего психического состояния после массированного лечения затрудняет использование при реабилитации общепринятых опросных методов для диагностики неврологического и психологического статуса.  В этой связи актуальным методом представляется анализ сновидений, который, согласно современным исследованиям, позволяет выявить на ранних этапах нарушения психологического и соматического состояния  пациентов и сделать прогноз об их восстановлении. Теоретическое обоснование. В основе возможности применения анализа сновидения в качестве диагностического метода лежат современные представления о нейрофизиологических и психических механизмах сновидческой активности. Изменения сновидческой активности отмечены разными авторами при неврологических, психических и соматических заболеваниях. Все больше исследователей сходятся во мнении, что сновидения могут быть предвестниками, своеобразной «сигнальной системой» формирующихся соматических, неврологических и психических нарушений. Клинико-диагностический анализ сновидений при невротических нарушениях позволил выявить их особенности как при разных вариантах неврозов, так и на всех стадиях заболевания – от компенсации до декомпенсации. Установлено существование взаимосвязи между образами сновидений и предрасположенностью к тревожным состояниям, депрессии и астении. Обсуждение результатов. Существующие научные исследования позволяют говорить о возможности применения анализа сновидений в качестве ранней диагностики невротических состояний и соматических патологий, клинические симптомы которых еще не проявились симптоматически, но уже появляются в сновидениях. В статье выполнен обзор литературы по современным представлениям о нейрофизиологических и психических механизмах сновидений, указаны возможности применения результатов их анализа в качестве диагностической модели.
Метакогнитивная детерминация результативных параметров деятельности программистов
Authors: Карпов Анатолий В. , Карпов Александр А. , Филиппова Юлия В.
Published: April 2023

Введение. В настоящее время особой актуальностью характеризуется исследование информационной деятельности, базирующейся на компьютерных технологиях, а также выявление и объяснение ее когнитивных и метакогнитивных детерминант. В этом плане объективно необходима конвергенция исследований в двух важных направлениях – в метакогнитивизме и психологии профессиональной информационной деятельности. Новизна исследования состоит в том, что в нем выявлены и проинтерпретированы базовые закономерности детерминационного влияния метакогнитивных факторов на результативные параметры информационной деятельности, основной из которых является зависимость типа оптимума между ними и главным из этих параметров – эффективностью. Методы. Выборку (n = 210) составили программисты различного профиля и уровня, работающие в организациях Ярославля, Москвы и Рыбинска. Психодиагностика выполнена с помощью авторской методики «Комплексный опросник метакогнитивного потенциала» (КОМП), а также разработанных в метакогнитивизме методик. Результаты. Установлено, что детерминационное влияние метакогнитивного потенциала на результативные параметры деятельности программистов является принципиально диверсифицированным – различным не только по степени, но и по направленности. Оно синтезирует в себе как позитивные, так и негативные черты, что в итоге обусловливает сложный, нелинейный характер этого влияния и существовании между выраженностью метакогнитивиного потенциала и эффективностью деятельности зависимости типа оптимума. Обсуждение результатов. Результаты проинтерпретированы с позиций основных положений метакогнитивизма, а также базовых положений психологии профессиональной деятельности информационного типа. В заключении сделан вывод о том, что в основе негативного влияния факторов метакогнитивного плана на результативные параметры деятельности лежит сочетание его прямого и опосредствованного воздействия на реализацию деятельности и на частные функции по ее обеспечению.
Second-line Endocrine Therapy of Hormone Receptor-positive/HER2-
negative Advanced Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network
Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Tianzhuo , Shen Guoshuang , Li Jinming , Huo Xingfa , Wang Miaozhou , Liu Zhen , Zhao Fuxing , Ren Dengfeng , Zhao Jiuda
Published: April 2023

Background:

The optimal second-line therapy for hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/ human
epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2−) advanced or metastatic breast cancer is yet to be
established. Therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) of marketed drugs to compare
their efficacy.

Methods:

We searched the literature in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science databases, and the main
international conferences in the past 5 years to find phase III clinical trials on drugs available in the
market. Network meta-analysis of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and the objective
response rate (ORR) was performed using R software. The efficiency of treatment options was
compared using hazard ratios and 95% credibility intervals.

Results:

Overall, 12 studies with 6120 patients were included in the analysis. In an indirect comparison
of the five regimens, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) plus 500 mg fulvestrant
(Ful500) gave the best PFS results; palbociclib ranked first with a surface under the cumulative ranking
(SUCRA) of 94.99%, followed by mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) plus everolimus
(SUCRA=73.07%), phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor (PI3Ki) plus Ful500 (SUCRA=66.73%),
Ful500 alone (SUCRA=44.55%), and histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) plus exemestane (SUCRA=
43.49%). However, no significant difference was found in the PFS rates of CDK4/6i, mTORi,
and PI3Ki. For OS, CDK4/6i plus Ful500 ranked first; the SUCRA of ribociclib, abemaciclib, and palbociclib
were 86.20%, 83.98%, and 78.52%, respectively. Alpelisib plus Ful500 (SUCRA=66.91%)
ranked second but was not statistically different from CDK4/6i. The mTORi plus everolimus group
had the best ORR (SUCRA=88.73%). In terms of safety, 81.56% of patients in the tucidinostat plus
exemestane regimen developed neutropenia, suggesting strong hematological toxicity; 13.40% of patients
developed grade 3-4 diarrhea after using abemaciclib plus Ful500.

Conclusion:

For second-line endocrine therapy in HR+/HER2− advanced/metastatic breast cancer,
CDK4/6i is a better choice than mTORi, PI3Ki, HDACi, and Ful; it shows good PFS and OS outcomes
and a low probability for serious adverse events.
Electronic and Optical Properties of Na, Mg, and Al Substituted Zinc-oxide Nanotube: An Insight DFT Study
Authors: Howari Haidar , Khan Ziaul Raza , Imran Mohd , Shakir Mohd. , Khan Md. Shahzad
Published: April 2023

Background:

The present work deals with DFT-based theoretical investigations on
pristine and metal (M = Na, Mg, and Al) substituted zinc oxide nanotube (M-ZnONT). The investigation
advocates a change in the electronic bandgap of ZnONT on the respective substitution of
Zn with Na, Mg, and Al. The forbidden energy gap vanishes on Na incorporation, while Al substitution
brings the gap to 0.08eV. The formation energy calculations suggest the feasibility of
these metallic substitutions, of which Na incorporation is most favorable. Partial density of state
(PDOS) analysis is well correlated with band structures. A localized state above the Fermi level
contributed from Al-3p in Al-ZnONT suggests the electronic affinity of Al-ZnONT for incoming
nucleophiles. Our optical investigation shows large ε1(ω) values in far-infrared (IR) and visible
(Vis) regions for M-ZnONT. Hence, suggests a high refractive index for the metal-substituted
ZnONTs in the prescribed range. The study suggests that photonic energy loss due to attenuation,
bending, and absorption are weak in ultra-violet (UV) and far UV regions i.e, (3eV to 8eV).
However, for the respective energy range, high reflectivity is predicted. This indicates the nanotubes
as a good reflector for the purpose of coating material surfaces where high reflection is demanded.

Objective:

Finding electronic and optical properties of functionalized ZnONT using DFT method.

Methods:

All calculations have been performed in the framework of density functional theory
(DFT) using Troullier Martins’s norm-conserving pseudo-potential.

Results:

Metal incorporation at the surface of ZnONT consequent intense ε1(ω) values in far infra-
red and visible regions for M-ZnONT.

Conclusion:

The investigation suggests that the metal-substituted nanotube is a good reflector for
coating material surfaces where high reflection is demanded.
Quality by Design Enabled β-Cyclodextrin Complexes of Lisinopril by
Kneading Method: Improved Solubility and Bioavailability
Authors: Mohammad Azeez , Singh Sumer , Swain Suryakanta , Ghose Debashish
Published: April 2023

Background:

The primary intent of the study is to formulate the inclusion complex of
lisinopril with the varied compositions of polymers like β-cyclodextrin for the enhancement of
oral drug solubility and bioavailability using QbD approach.

Methods:

The application of Box-behnken design to determine the optimized run from the prepared
inclusion complexes. The physical kneading technique with β-cyclodextrin at varied
amounts was used to create the inclusion complex of lisinopril.

Results:

The FT-IR analysis study confirmed the selected drug, polymers, and other excipients
showed no physical interactions. The prepared inclusion complexes' particle sizes and encapsulation
efficiency were between 802 to 3259μm, 19.22 to 93.28%. The optimized formulation batch
(F5) showed 90.16% in vitro drug release at 24h compared to the pure drug. From the in vivo
study, the pharmacokinetic parameters for the optimized formulation (F5) were found to be Cmax
of 94.336 ng/ml, Tmax of 12h, and AUC 94.336 ng.h/ml, Kel of 0.0395h-1 and t1/2 of 12h. After
three months, stability studies for the optimized formulation batch indicate no change in drug entrapment
efficiency and other parameters.

Conclusion:

The β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex of lisinopril exhibited a 2-fold increase in the
oral bioavailability of the model drug, which will be the novel drug-delivery strategy for the
treatment of hypertension.
The Roles of Nanoparticles in Ovarian Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis
Authors: Gogoi Bitupon , Jain Devendra , Sharma Madan Mohan , Mishra Rajeev , Singh Abhijeet
Published: April 2023

Ovarian cancer, an aggressive epithelial cancer, remains a major cause of
cancer mortality worldwide among women, but it can be diagnosed at an early stage
also. Surgical removal of ovarian tumour is a good option for the initial treatment, but
this is suitable only at the early stage of cancer. Surgery and other therapies like
chemotherapy, hormone role therapy and immunotherapy alone are insufficient for the
treatment of today’s advanced ovarian cancer. The aim of this book chapter is to review
the use of nano-particles in the treatment of ovarian cancer, along with surgery. It is
believed that nano therapies have lots of advantages like they stabilize drugs in our
body, deliver and penetrate the drugs to tumour-specific cells and can profile the
toxicity of chemotherapy. This book chapter also covers the development of
nanotherapies, types of nanocarriers and their role in ovarian cancer diagnosis and
treatment
Interaction between Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Terrestrial Plants: An Overview of the Mode of Action and Future Perspectives
Authors: Patel Poonam , Dhingra Prerna , Kothari S. L. , Jain Rohit , Kachhwaha Sumita
Published: April 2023

Nanotechnological interventions have extensively been used as an efficient
non-invasive approach in agriculture for disease protection, to improve yield and many
more. The use of engineered nanomaterials (like metal-oxide nanoparticles) as
fertilizers,pesticides, carriers for genetic material/RNA/protein, sensors for detection of
contaminants and toxic compounds etc. have been extensively studied and reported.
Interaction between plants and nanomaterials plays an important role in their
applications for various purposes in agriculture and otherwise. In this chapter,
mechanisms of uptake and mode of action of three commonly used metal oxide (TiO2
,
CuO, ZnO) nanomaterials in plants have been reviewed. The chapter also summarises
the various studies conducted on the effect of these nanomaterials on different
agricultural food crops in the last 2 decades. The thorough review of existing literature
on the aforementioned areas indicates that although the published data on terrestrial
phytotoxicity of metal oxide NPs is increasing continuously but surprisingly the range
of selected plants is still narrow (mostly agricultural crops and seed plants), thus
random selection of plants (outside this narrow range) should be made to gain better
insights into the various impacts of nanomaterials on plants.
Metallic Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Sharma Samridhi , Monika  , Wen-Liang Dong , Azizov Shavkatjon , Kumar Deepak
Published: April 2023

Metallic nanoparticles against bacteria have increased recently due to their
unique properties. Many metals like silver, gold, copper, aluminum, zinc and their
oxides have been shown to have antibacterial properties. The activity of the
nanoparticles is affected by their physico-chemical properties. Different types of
mechanisms are proposed for the antibacterial actions against various types of bacteria.
The metal-based nanoparticles are synthesized by the top-down methods and bottom up methods. However, the latter methods are used effectively against many types of
bacteria including antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Taurine: Synthesis, Dietary Sources, Homeostasis, and Cellular Compartmentalization
Authors: Heidari Reza , Ommati M. Mehdi
Published: April 2023

 Taurine (β-amino acid ethane sulfonic acid; TAU) is a sulfur-containing amino acid abundant in the human body. Although TAU does not corporate in the protein structure, many vital physiological properties have been attributed to this amino acid. TAU could be synthesized endogenously in hepatocytes or come from nutritional sources. It has been found that the source of body TAU varies significantly between different species. For instance, some species, such as foxes and felines, are entirely dependent on the nutritional sources of TAU. On the other hand, TAU is readily synthesized in the liver of animals such as rats and dogs. The TAU synthesis capability of the human liver is negligible, and we receive this amino acid from food sources. The distribution of TAU also greatly varies between various tissues. Skeletal muscle and the heart tissue contain a very high concentration of TAU. At subcellular levels, mitochondria are the primary targets for TAU compartmentalization. It has been found that TUA also entered the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. The current chapter discusses the synthetic process and dietary sources of TAU. Then, the transition of TAU to sub-cellular compartments will be addressed. Finally, the importance of TAU homeostasis in the pathogenesis of human disease is mentioned. 
The Role of Taurine in the Reproductive System: A Focus on Mitochondria-related Mechanisms
Authors: Heidari Reza , Ommati M. Mehdi
Published: April 2023

 The cytoprotective features of taurine (TAU), including anti-programmed cell death, membrane stabilization, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, osmoregulation, and intracellular calcium homeostasis regulation, have been well addressed in the literature. TAU has also been considered a potent agent for diminishing various xenobiotics caused by physiological and pathophysiological alterations through its antioxidant action in reproductive and non-reproductive organs. Hence, exogenous TAU administration is the topic of many in-depth investigations. Several studies revealed that the antioxidative effect, anti-cellular death, and anti-inflammatory effects of TAU are involved in inhibiting xenobiotics-induced reproductive toxicity. Hence, the exact targets of TAU during the intracellular routes related to mitochondrial functionality (such as mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress and cell death) triggered by xenobiotics are discussed in this chapter. The data collected in this chapter suggest that TAU could be highly protective against various kinds of xenobiotics-induced gonadotoxicity, spermatotoxicity, and steroidogenotoxicity (hormonal steroids’ genotoxicity) via its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cell death features. Furthermore, this amino acid also acts as an anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic molecule by modifying the regulation of some related genes and proteins and inflammatory and mitochondrial-dependent signaling molecules.