bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmentally Friendly Production of D(−) Lactic Acid by Sporolactobacillus nakayamae: Investigation of Fermentation Parameters and Fed-Batch Strategies
Authors: Michelz Beitel Susan , Fontes Coelho Luciana , Sass Daiane Cristina , Contiero Jonas
Published: September 2017

The interest in the production of lactic acid has increased due to its wide range of applications. In the present study, the variables that affect fermentative D(−) lactic acid production were investigated: neutralizing agents, pH, temperature, inoculum percentage, agitation, and concentration of the medium components. An experimental design was applied to determine the optimal concentrations of the medium components and fermentation was studied using different feeding strategies. High production (122.41 g/L) and productivity (3.65 g/L·h) were efficiently achieved by Sporolactobacillus nakayamae in 54 h using a multipulse fed-batch technique with an initial medium containing 35 g/L of yeast extract (byproduct of alcohol production), 60 g/L of crystallized sugar, and 7.5 mL/L of salts. The fermentation process was conducted at 35°C and pH 6.0 controlled by NaOH with a 20% volume of inoculum and agitation at 125 rpm. The production of a high optically pure concentration of D(−) lactic acid combined with an environmentally friendly NaOH-based process demonstrates that S. nakayamae is a promising strain for D(−) lactic acid production.
The Applications of Finite Element Analysis in Proximal Humeral Fractures
Authors: Ye Yongyu , You Wei , Zhu Weimin , Cui Jiaming , Chen Kang , Wang Daping
Published: September 2017

Proximal humeral fractures are common and most challenging, due to the complexity of the glenohumeral joint, especially in the geriatric population with impacted fractures, that the development of implants continues because currently the problems with their fixation are not solved. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative assessments are crucial in management of those patients. Finite element analysis, as one of the valuable tools, has been implemented as an effective and noninvasive method to analyze proximal humeral fractures, providing solid evidence for management of troublesome patients. However, no review article about the applications and effects of finite element analysis in assessing proximal humeral fractures has been reported yet. This review article summarized the applications, contribution, and clinical significance of finite element analysis in assessing proximal humeral fractures. Furthermore, the limitations of finite element analysis, the difficulties of more realistic simulation, and the validation and also the creation of validated FE models were discussed. We concluded that although some advancements in proximal humeral fractures researches have been made by using finite element analysis, utility of this powerful tool for routine clinical management and adequate simulation requires more state-of-the-art studies to provide evidence and bases.
Successful Treatment of a 15-Year-Old Nonunion of a Midshaft Clavicle Fracture Causing Brachial Plexus Compression
Authors: Teunis Annemarijn , Huis In ’t Veld Rianne M. H. A. , de Windt Vincent E. J. A. , van Raak Sjoerd , Vochteloo Anne J. H.
Published: September 2017

A 49-year-old man with a 15-year-old nonunion of a midshaft clavicle fracture suffered from progressive tingling in his entire arm and fingers for two years, due to irritation of the brachial plexus in the costoclavicular space, especially upon elevation of the arm. After open reduction and internal plate fixation, all symptoms were resolved and complete consolidation of the fracture was achieved at one-year follow-up. This case demonstrates two things: brachial plexus compression can occur even many years after a nonunion of a clavicle fracture and union can be still achieved, even in a longstanding nonunion.
Overhydroxylation of Lysine of Collagen Increases Uterine Fibroids Proliferation: Roles of Lysyl Hydroxylases, Lysyl Oxidases, and Matrix Metalloproteinases
Authors: Kamel Marwa , Wagih Mohamed , Kilic Gokhan S. , Diaz-Arrastia Concepcion R. , Baraka Mohamed A. , Salama Salama A.
Published: September 2017

The role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in uterine fibroids (UF) has recently been appreciated. Overhydroxylation of lysine residues and the subsequent formation of hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) cross-links underlie the ECM stiffness and profoundly affect tumor progression. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between ECM of UF, collagen and collagen cross-linking enzymes [lysyl hydroxylases (LH) and lysyl oxidases (LOX)], and the development and progression of UF. Our results indicated that hydroxyl lysine (Hyl) and HP cross-links are significantly higher in UF compared to the normal myometrial tissues accompanied by increased expression of LH (LH2b) and LOX. Also, increased resistance to matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) proteolytic degradation activity was observed. Furthermore, the extent of collagen cross-links was positively correlated with the expression of myofibroblast marker (α-SMA), growth-promoting markers (PCNA; pERK1/2;FAKpY397; Ki-67; and Cyclin D1), and the size of UF. In conclusion, our study defines the role of overhydroxylation of collagen and collagen cross-linking enzymes in modulating UF cell proliferation, differentiation, and resistance to MMP. These effects can establish microenvironment conducive for UF progression and thus represent potential target treatment options of UF.
Probucol Reduces Testicular Torsion/Detorsion‐Induced Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Wei Si-Ming , Huang Yu-Min , Zhou Jian
Published: September 2017

This study investigated the effect of probucol, a potent antioxidant, on testicular torsion/detorsion‐induced ischemia/reperfusion injury attributable to excess reactive oxygen species released by neutrophils. Sixty male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham‐operated control, ischemia‐reperfusion, and probucol‐treated groups. In the ischemia‐reperfusion group, testicular detorsion was performed after 2 hours of left testicular torsion. In the probucol‐treated group, after performing the same surgical procedures as in the ischemia‐reperfusion group, probucol was given intraperitoneally at testicular detorsion. Orchiectomy was performed to evaluate protein expression of E‐selectin which is an endothelial cell adhesion molecule and mediates neutrophil adhesion to vascular endothelium, myeloperoxidase activity (a mark of neutrophil accumulation in the testis), malondialdehyde level (an indicator of reactive oxygen species), and spermatogenesis. E‐selectin protein expression, myeloperoxidase activity, and malondialdehyde level were significantly increased, and testicular spermatogenesis was significantly decreased in the ipsilateral testes in the ischemia‐reperfusion group, compared with the control group. The probucol‐treated group showed significant decreases in E‐selectin protein expression, myeloperoxidase activity, and malondialdehyde level and significant increase in testicular spermatogenesis in the ipsilateral testes, compared with the ischemia‐reperfusion group. These findings indicate that probucol can protect testicular spermatogenesis by reducing overgeneration of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting E‐selectin protein expression and neutrophil accumulation in the testis.
Anisotropy Influences on the Drug Delivery Mechanisms by Means of Joint Invariant Functions
Authors: Cioca G. , Bacaita E. S. , Agop M. , Lupascu Ursulescu C.
Published: September 2017

In the frame of Higuchi’s type functionality, this paper presents the anisotropy influences on the drug delivery mechanisms through the joint invariant functions to the simultaneous actions of the two SL(2R) isomorphic groups. Then, a new equation for drug delivery mechanism, independent of the type of polymer matrix and/or drug, is proposed.
Videoconferencing for Health Care Provision for Older Adults in Care Homes: A Review of the Research Evidence
Authors: Newbould Louise , Mountain Gail , Hawley Mark S. , Ariss Steven
Published: September 2017

A scoping review was conducted to map the research evidence on the use of videoconferencing for remote health care provision for older adults in care homes. The review aimed to identify the nature and extent of the existing evidence base. Databases used were Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Reviews. The review identified 26 articles for inclusion, of which 14 were case studies, making the most used study design. Papers described videoconferencing as being used for assessment, management of health care, clinical support, and diagnosis, with eight of the papers reporting the use of videoconferencing for more than one clinical purpose. A further eight papers reported the use of videoconferencing for assessment alone. The literature reported the collection of various types of data, with 12 papers describing the use of both qualitative and quantitative data. The outcomes mainly addressed staff satisfaction (n=9) and resident satisfaction (n=8). Current evidence supports the feasibility of videoconferencing in care homes. However, research needs to be undertaken to establish the contexts and mechanisms that underpin the successful implementation of videoconferencing in care homes and to define useful measures for success.
Curcumin Induces Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhu Yaping , Bu Shurui
Published: September 2017

Objective. Curcumin is an active extract from turmeric. The aim of this study was to identify the underlying mechanism of curcumin on PCa cells and the role of autophagy in this process. Methods. The inhibitory effect of curcumin on the growth of PANC1 and BxPC3 cell lines was detected by CCK‐8 assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were tested by flow cytometry. Autophagosomes were tested by cell immunofluorescence assay. The protein expression was detected by Western blot. The correlation between LC3II/Bax and cell viability was analyzed. Results. Curcumin inhibited the cell proliferation in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Curcumin could induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis of PCa cells. The autophagosomes were detected in the dosing groups. Protein expression of Bax and LC3II was upregulated, while Bcl2 was downregulated in the high dosing groups of curcumin. There was a significant negative correlation between LC3II/Bax and cell viability. Conclusions. Autophagy could be triggered by curcumin in the treatment of PCa. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest also participated in this process. These findings imply that curcumin is a multitargeted agent for PCa cells. In addition, autophagic cell death may predominate in the high concentration groups of curcumin.
Cognitive Function of Artemisia argyi H. Fermented by Monascus purpureus under TMT‐Induced Learning and Memory Deficits in ICR Mice
Authors: Kang Jin Yong , Lee Du Sang , Park Seon Kyeong , Ha Jeong Su , Kim Jong Min , Ha Gi Jeong , Seo Weon Taek , Heo Ho Jin
Published: September 2017

The cognitive effect of Artemisia argyi H. under liquid‐state fermentation by Monascus purpureus (AAFM), which has cellular antioxidant activity and neuronal cell viability, on trimethyltin‐ (TMT‐) induced learning and memory impairment in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice was confirmed. Tests were conducted to determine the neuroprotective effects against H2O2‐induced oxidative stress, and the results showed that AAFM has protective effects through the repression of mitochondrial injury and cellular membrane damage against H2O2‐induced neurotoxicity. In animal experiments, such as the Y‐maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests, AAFM also showed excellent ameliorating effects on TMT‐induced cognitive dysfunction. After behavioral tests, brain tissues were extracted to assess damage to brain tissue. According to the experimental results, AAFM improved the cholinergic system by upregulating acetylcholine (ACh) contents and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. AAFM effectively improved the decline of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and the increase of the oxidized glutathione (GSH) ratio and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA) production) caused by TMT‐induced oxidative stress. The occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis was also decreased compared with the TMT group. Finally, quinic acid derivatives were identified as the major phenolic compounds in AAFM using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight (UPLC‐Q‐TOF) MS analysis.
Enhancement of Surfactin and Fengycin Production byBacillus mojavensisA21: Application for Diesel Biodegradation
Authors: Hmidet Noomen , Ben Ayed Hanen , Jacques Philippe , Nasri Moncef
Published: September 2017

This work concerns the study of the enhancement of surfactin and fengycin production byB. mojavensisA21 and application of the produced product in diesel biodegradation. The influences of the culture medium and cells immobilization were studied. The highest lipopeptides production was achieved after 72 hours of incubation in a culture medium containing 30 g/L glucose as carbon source and a combination of yeast extract (1 g/L) and glutamic acid (5 g/L) as nitrogen sources with initial pH 7.0 at 30°C and 90% volumetric aeration. The study of primary metabolites production showed mainly the production of acetoin, with a maximum production after 24 h of strain growth. The use of immobilized cells seemed to be a promising method for improving lipopeptides productivity. In fact, the synthesis of both lipopeptides, mainly fengycin, was greatly enhanced by the immobilization of A21 cells. An increase of diesel degradation capacity of approximately 20, 27, and 40% in the presence of 0.5, 1, and 2 g/L of produced lipopeptides, respectively, was observed. Considering these properties,B. mojavensisA21 strain producing a lipopeptide mixture, containing both surfactin and fengycin, may be considered as a potential candidate for future use in bioremediation and crop protection.
Efficacy of a Novel Narrow Knife with Water Jet Function for Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Toyonaga Takashi , Murakami Takaaki , Hirose Ryohei , Ogiso Kiyoshi , Inada Yutaka , Rani Rafiz Abdul , Naito Yuji , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Ohara Yoshiko , Azuma Takeshi , Itoh Yoshito
Published: September 2017

Backgrounds. With respect to the knife’s design in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), diameter, water jet function, and electric power are important because these relate to efficient dissection. In this study, we analyzed a novel, narrow ball tip-typed ESD knife with water jet function (Flush knife BT-S, diameter: 2.2 mm, length: 2000 mm, Fujifilm Co., Tokyo, Japan) compared to a regular diameter knife (Flush knife BT, diameter: 2.6 mm, length: 1800 mm).Methods. In laboratory and clinical research, electric power, knife insertion time, vacuum/suction amount with knife in the endoscopic channel, and water jet function were analyzed. We used a knife 2.0 mm long for BT-S and BT knives.Results. The BT-S showed faster mean knife insertion time (sec) and better vacuum amount (ml/min) compared to the BT (insertion time: 16.7 versus 21.6,p<0.001, vacuum amount: 38.0 versus 14.0,p<0.01). Additionally, the water jet function of the BT-S was not inferior. In 39 colorectal ESD cases in two institutions, there were mean 4.7 times (range: 1–28) of knife insertion. Suction under knife happened 59% (23/39) and suction of fluid could be done in 100%.Conclusions. Our study showed that the narrow knife allows significantly faster knife insertion, better vacuum function, and effective clinical results.
Swim Training Attenuates Inflammation and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Zhang Guangzeng , Yu Pengfei , Liu Xiaomeng
Published: September 2017

Exercise could afford multiple beneficial effects on obesity-related metabolic disorders. To address this issue, C57BL/6J mice were used to investigate the effects of 13 weeks of swim training on HFD-induced obesity and related insulin resistance and inflammation. Our results show that swim training can significantly prevent HFD-induced weight gain and increase resting energy expenditure without affecting food intake. The insulin sensitivity was enhanced in the HFD + swim group than in the HFD + sedentary group. Moreover, swim training considerably decreased serum LPS content and downregulates epididymis white adipose tissue (eWAT) expression of the inflammatory mediatorTnf-α,Il-6, andMcp-1. In summary, 13 weeks of swim training could reverse HFD-induced metabolic disorders including insulin resistance and inflammation.
Data Dissemination Based on Fuzzy Logic and Network Coding in Vehicular Networks
Authors: Tang Xiaolan , Geng Zhi , Chen Wenlong , Moharrer Mojtaba
Published: September 2017

Vehicular networks, as a significant technology in intelligent transportation systems, improve the convenience, efficiency, and safety of driving in smart cities. However, because of the high velocity, the frequent topology change, and the limited bandwidth, it is difficult to efficiently propagate data in vehicular networks. This paper proposes a data dissemination scheme based on fuzzy logic and network coding for vehicular networks, named SFN. It uses fuzzy logic to compute a transmission ability for each vehicle by comprehensively considering the effects of three factors: the velocity change rate, the velocity optimization degree, and the channel quality. Then, two nodes with high abilities are selected as primary backbone and slave backbone in every road segment, which propagate data to other vehicles in this segment and forward them to the backbones in the next segment. The backbone network helps to increase the delivery ratio and avoid invalid transmissions. Additionally, network coding is utilized to reduce transmission overhead and accelerate data retransmission in interbackbone forwarding and intrasegment broadcasting. Experiments show that, compared with existing schemes, SFN has a high delivery ratio and a short dissemination delay, while the backbone network keeps high reliability.
Estrogens Protect Calsequestrin‐1 Knockout Mice from Lethal Hyperthermic Episodes by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Muscle
Authors: Michelucci Antonio , Boncompagni Simona , Canato Marta , Reggiani Carlo , Protasi Feliciano
Published: September 2017

Oxidative stress has been proposed to play a key role in malignant hyperthermia (MH), a syndrome caused by excessive Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle. Incidence of mortality in male calsequestrin‐1 knockout (CASQ1‐null) mice during exposure to halothane and heat (a syndrome closely resembling human MH) is far greater than that in females. To investigate the possible role of sex hormones in this still unexplained gender difference, we treated male and female CASQ1‐null mice for 1 month, respectively, with Premarin (conjugated estrogens) and leuprolide (GnRH analog) and discovered that during exposure to halothane and heat Premarin reduced the mortality rate in males (79–27% and 86–20%), while leuprolide increased the incidence of mortality in females (18–73% and 24–82%). We then evaluated the (a) responsiveness of isolated muscles to temperature and caffeine, (b) sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release in single fibers, and (c) oxidative stress and the expression levels of main enzymes involved in the regulation of the redox balance in muscle. Premarin treatment reduced the temperature and caffeine sensitivity of EDL muscles, normalized SR Ca2+ release, and reduced oxidative stress in males, suggesting that female sex hormones may protect mice from lethal hyperthermic episodes by reducing both the SR Ca2+ leak and oxidative stress.
Sodium-DNA for Bone Tissue Regeneration: An Experimental Study in Rat Calvaria
Authors: Buffoli Barbara , Favero Gaia , Borsani Elisa , Boninsegna Ramon , Sancassani Guido , Labanca Mauro , Rezzani Rita , Nocini Pier Francesco , Albanese Massimo , Rodella Luigi Fabrizio
Published: September 2017

Surgical techniques in dental and maxillofacial surgery request fast bone tissue regeneration, so there is a significant need to improve therapy for bone regeneration. Several studies have recently underlined the importance of nucleotides and nucleosides to increase cell proliferation and activity; in particular, the ability of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) to induce growth and activity of human osteoblasts was demonstrated. Sodium-DNA is the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from the gonadic tissue of male sturgeon and then purified, depolymerized, and neutralized with sodium hydroxide. To date, there are no evidences about the use of Sodium-DNA for bone tissue regeneration. Consequently, our question is about the efficacy of Sodium-DNA in bone healing. For testing the role of Sodium-DNA in bone healing we used a rat calvarial defect model. Sodium-DNA at different concentrations used alone or in association with Fibrin and/or Bio-Oss was used for healing treatments and the bone healing process was evaluated by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Our results suggested a positive effect of Sodium-DNA in bone regeneration, providing a useful protocol and a model for the future clinical evaluation of its osteogenic properties.
NRF2 Is a Potential Modulator of Hyperresistance to Arsenic Toxicity in Stem‐Like Keratinocytes
Authors: Wu Xiafang , Yang Bei , Hu Yuxin , Sun Ru , Wang Huihui , Fu Jingqi , Hou Yongyong , Pi Jingbo , Xu Yuanyuan
Published: September 2017

Arsenic is a well‐known human carcinogen. Stem cells are indicated to be involved in arsenic carcinogenesis and have a survival selection advantage during arsenic exposure with underlying mechanisms undefined. In the present study, we demonstrated that CD34high‐enriched cells derived from HaCaT human keratinocytes showed stem‐like phenotypes. These cells were more resistant to arsenic toxicity and had higher arsenic efflux ability than their mature compartments. The master transcription factor in antioxidant defense, nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) with its downstream genes, was highly expressed in CD34high‐enriched cells. Stable knockdown of NRF2 abolished the hyperresistance to arsenic toxicity and holoclone‐forming ability of CD34high‐enriched cells. Our results suggest that skin epithelial stem/progenitor cells are more resistant to arsenic toxicity than mature cells, which is associated with the high innate expression of NRF2 in skin epithelial stem/progenitor cells.
Primary Neuroendocrine Breast Carcinoma in a 13-Year-Old Girl: Ultrasonography and Pathology Findings
Authors: Tchaou Mazamaesso , Darré Tchin , Folligan Koué , Sabi Akomola , Sonhaye Lantam , Boumé Azanledji , Bassowa Akila , Adani-Ifé Solange , Napo-Koura Gado
Published: September 2017

Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the breast is a rare disease and has been scarcely reported by African authors. The authors report a case of breast NEC in a 13-year-old African girl initially diagnosed as an atypical adenofibroma by ultrasonography. Ultrasound-guided biopsy and conventional histological examination indicated two potential diagnoses: primary malignant non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. According to immunohistochemistry performed on paraffin blocks in France, infiltrating ductal carcinoma with a strong neuroendocrine component was confirmed by CD56, CD57, and chromogranin A markers.
The Effect of Carpal Tunnel Release on Neuropathic Pain in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Sonohata Motoki , Tsuruta Toshiyuki , Mine Hiroko , Asami Akihiko , Ishii Hideki , Tsunoda Kenji , Mawatari Masaaki
Published: September 2017

Purpose.The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of neuropathic pain (NP) in the patient with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) before and after the carpal tunnel release.Materials and Methods.One hundred and two CTS patients were enrolled in the study. The pain score was measured by the visual analogue score. NP was determined by the painDETECT (PD) questionnaire. All subjects were divided into 3 groups at 12 weeks after surgery: an Improved, Unchanged, and Worsened group. The risk factors of worsening NP after surgery were evaluated.Results.We found that 36% and 18% of patients with CTS had neuropathic pain before and 12 weeks after surgery, respectively, and pain was significantly stronger than in those without NP. The PD score of eight hands worsened after surgery. In the “Improved group,” the average age at the surgery was younger and the pain score was lower than in the “Unchanged group.”Conclusions.The surgery was very effective on NP of CTS; however, the PD in 7% of hands worsened after surgery. Risk factors before surgery that predicted worse NP after surgery were found to be a younger age, weaker pain, and the absence of night pain.
Examination of Oral Microbiota Diversity in Adults and Older Adults as an Approach to Prevent Spread of Risk Factors for Human Infections
Authors: Zawadzki Paweł J. , Perkowski Konrad , Padzik Marcin , Mierzwińska-Nastalska Elżbieta , Szaflik Jacek P. , Conn David Bruce , Chomicz Lidia
Published: September 2017

The oral cavity environment may be colonized by polymicrobial communities with complex, poorly known interrelations. The aim of this study was to determine oral microbiota diversity in order to prevent the spread of infectious microorganisms that are risk factors for human health complications in patients requiring treatment due to various disabilities. The study examined Polish adults aged between 40 and 70 years; parasitological, microbiological, and mycological data collected before treatment were analyzed. The diversity of oral microbiota, including relatively high prevalences of some opportunistic, potentially pathogenic strains of bacteria, protozoans, and fungi detected in the patients analyzed, may result in increasing risk of disseminated infections from the oral cavity to neighboring structures and other organs. Increasing ageing of human populations is noted in recent decades in many countries, including Poland. The growing number of older adults with different oral health disabilities, who are more prone to development of oral and systemic pathology, is an increasing medical problem. Results of this retrospective study showed the urgent need to pay more attention to the pretreatment examination of components of the oral microbiome, especially to the strains, which are etiological agents of human opportunistic infections and are particularly dangerous for older adults.
Experimental Study on the Effects of Stress Variations on the Permeability of Feldspar-Quartz Sandstone
Authors: Wang Fugang , Mi Zhaoxu , Sun Zhaojun , Li Xufeng , Lan Tianshan , Yuan Yilong , Xu Tianfu
Published: September 2017

The multistage and discontinuous nature of the injection process used in the geological storage of CO2 causes reservoirs to experience repeated loading and unloading. The reservoir permeability changes caused by this phenomenon directly impact the CO2 injection process and the process of CO2 migration in the reservoirs. Through laboratory experiments, variations in the permeability of sandstone in the Liujiagou formation of the Ordos CO2 capture and storage (CCS) demonstration project were analyzed using cyclic variations in injection pressure and confining pressure and multistage loading and unloading. The variation in the micropore structure and its influence on the permeability were analyzed based on micropore structure tests. In addition, the effects of multiple stress changes on the permeability of the same type of rock with different clay minerals content were also analyzed. More attention should be devoted to the influence of pressure variations on permeability in evaluations of storage potential and studies of CO2 migration in reservoirs in CCS engineering.
Data‐Driven Incipient Sensor Fault Estimation with Application in Inverter of High‐Speed Railway
Authors: Chen Hongtian , Jiang Bin , Lu Ningyun
Published: September 2017

Incipient faults in high‐speed railway have been rarely considered before developing into faults or failures. In this paper, a new data‐driven incipient fault estimate (FE) methodology is proposed under multivariate statistics frame, which incorporates with Kullback‐Leibler divergence (KLD) in information domain and neural network approximation in machine learning. By defining one sensitive fault indicator (SFI), the incipient fault amplitude can be precisely estimated. According to the experimental platform of China Railway High‐speed 2 (CRH2), the proposed incipient FE algorithm is examined, and the more sensitivity and accuracy to tiny abnormality are demonstrated. Followed by the incipient FE results, several factors on FE performance are further analyzed.
Biological and Phytochemical Investigations on Caesalpinia benthamiana, a Plant Traditionally Used as Antimalarial in Guinea
Authors: Loua Jean , Traore Mohamed Sahar , Camara Aissata , Balde Mamadou Aliou , Maes Louis , Pieters Luc , Balde Aliou Mamadou
Published: September 2017

Caesalpinia benthamiana is widely used as antimalarial in Guinean traditional medicine. Leaf extracts of the plant were tested for their in vitro antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T. cruzi and the chloroquine‐sensitive Ghana strain of Plasmodium falciparum along with their cytotoxicity on MRC‐5 cells. The methanolic extract showed the strongest antiprotozoal activity against P. falciparum (IC50 4 μg/ml), a good activity against T. brucei (IC50 13 μg/ml), and a moderate activity against T. cruzi (IC50 31 μg/ml) along with an IC50 on human MRC‐5 cells of 32 μg/ml. Bioassay‐guided fractionation from the methanolic extract led to antiplasmodially active subfractions. A prospective, placebo‐controlled ethnotherapeutic trial assessed the antimalarial effectiveness and tolerability of C. benthamiana syrup administered orally to children with uncomplicated malaria as compared with chloroquine syrup. Phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts indicated the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and iridoids.
Mitochondrial Respiration in Intact Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Sirtuin 3 Activity in Patients with Movement Disorders
Authors: Michalak Slawomir , Florczak-Wyspiańska Jolanta , Rybacka-Mossakowska Joanna , Ambrosius Wojciech , Osztynowicz Krystyna , Baszczuk Aleksandra , Kozubski Wojciech , Wysocka Ewa
Published: September 2017

Objective. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a unifying pathophysiological explanation for movement disorders. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) exhibits deacetylase activity and antioxidant properties. The aim of the study was to analyze the mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the SIRT3 activity in patients with movement disorders. Methods. Mitochondrial respiration was analyzed in intact PBMCs using the ROUTINE, LEAK, electron transfer system (ETS), and residual oxygen consumption (ROX) protocol by means of high‐resolution respirometry. The SIRT3 expression and PBMC activity were measured using fluorometry. Ultrasound measurements of the echogenicity of the substantia nigra and the diameter of the 3rd ventricle were also performed. Results. Patients with movement disorders exhibited a lower ROUTINE respiration than controls (P = 0.0237). Reduced oxygen fluxes in the LEAK (P = 0.033) and ROX (P = 0.0486) states were observed in patients with movement disorders compared with controls. Decreased ROUTINE respiration (P = 0.007) and oxygen flux in the LEAK state (P = 0.0203) were observed in patients with PD with substantia nigra hyperechogenicity compared with controls. Decreased SIRT 3 deacetylase activity was found in patients with movement disorders. Conclusion. Impaired mitochondrial respiration in intact PBMCs was associated with inhibited SIRT3 activity and neurodegeneration measures evaluated using ultrasound in patients with PD.
Further Validation of the Norwegian Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Mode Use
Authors: Ritter Victoria C. , Thørrisen Mikkel M. , Yazdani Farzaneh , Bonsaksen Tore
Published: September 2017

Background. The Intentional Relationship Model (IRM) proposes six therapeutic modes as ways of relating to clients. The Norwegian self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use (N-SETMU) was found to have a one-component structure. However, its items reflect abstract concepts rather than concrete behaviors. Aim. To validate further the N-SETMU by linking its items to the Norwegian client assessment of modes (N-CAM), with 30 items constituting six scales (linked to each mode), possessing concrete, behavioral content. Methods. Occupational therapy students (n=111) completed the N-SETMU and the N-CAM derived items, along with sociodemographic information. Component structure was analyzed with Principal Components Analysis (PCA), internal consistency of scales with Cronbach’s α, and associations between scale scores with Pearson’s r. Results. All items on all N-CAM derived scales loaded on one latent component, except one item related to problem-solving. After removing this item, the scale functioned appropriately. Cronbach’s α for all N-CAM derived scales ranged 0.88–0.94, and the associations between the N-CAM derived scales and the corresponding N-SETMU items ranged between 0.60 (advocating) and 0.79 (encouraging). Conclusions. In view of the strong associations between the concrete, N-CAM derived scales and the abstract N-SETMU items, this study supports the concurrent validity of the N-SETMU.
Effect of Ga on the Inoxidizability and Wettability of Sn-0.5Ag-0.7Cu-0.05Pr Solder
Authors: Jiachen Xu , Songbai Xue , Dongxue Luo , He Wang , Peng Xue
Published: September 2017

The effect of trace amount of Ga on the inoxidizability and wettability of Sn-0.5Ag-0.7Cu-0.05Pr solders was investigated systematically by means of microstructure characterizations. The results indicate that the wettability and oxidation resistance properties are remarkably improved with addition of trace amount of Ga. Moreover, it is observed that the trace amount of Ga in Sn-0.5Ag-0.7Cu-0.05Pr solders refines the matrix microstructure. The relationship between wettability and oxidation resistance was put into deep study. And Ga was found to be enriched on the surface of the molten solder, which benefited the properties correspondingly. The results of this study can stimulate the use of low-silver Sn-Ag-Cu-Pr solders for various applications.
Robust Evaluation for Transportation Network Capacity under Demand Uncertainty
Authors: Du Muqing , Jiang Xiaowei , Cheng Lin , Zheng Changjiang
Published: September 2017

As more and more cities in worldwide are facing the problems of traffic jam, governments have been concerned about how to design transportation networks with adequate capacity to accommodate travel demands. To evaluate the capacity of a transportation system, the prescribed origin and destination (O-D) matrix for existing travel demand has been noticed to have a significant effect on the results of network capacity models. However, the exact data of the existing O-D demand are usually hard to be obtained in practice. Considering the fluctuation of the real travel demand in transportation networks, the existing travel demand is represented as uncertain parameters which are defined within a bounded set. Thus, a robust reserve network capacity (RRNC) model using min–max optimization is formulated based on the demand uncertainty. An effective heuristic approach utilizing cutting plane method and sensitivity analysis is proposed for the solution of the RRNC problem. Computational experiments and simulations are implemented to demonstrate the validity and performance of the proposed robust model. According to simulation experiments, it is showed that the link flow pattern from the robust solutions to network capacity problems can reveal the probability of high congestion for each link.
Exercise-Induced Catecholamines Activate the Hippo Tumor Suppressor Pathway to Reduce Risks of Breast Cancer Development
Authors: Dethlefsen Christine , Hansen Louise S. , Lillelund Christian , Andersen Christina , Gehl Julie , Christensen Jesper F. , Pedersen Bente K. , Hojman Pernille
Published: September 2017

Strong epidemiologic evidence documents the protective effect of physical activity on breast cancer risk, recurrence, and mortality, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be identified. Using human exercise–conditioned serum for breast cancer cell incubation studies and murine exercise interventions, we aimed to identify exercise factors and signaling pathways involved in the exercise-dependent suppression of breast cancer. Exercise-conditioned serum from both women with breast cancer (n = 20) and healthy women (n = 7) decreased MCF-7 (hormone-sensitive) and MDA-MB-231 (hormone-insensitive) breast cancer cell viability in vitro by 11% to 19% and reduced tumorigenesis by 50% when preincubated MCF-7 breast cancer cells were inoculated into NMRI-Foxn1nu mice. This exercise-mediated suppression of cell viability and tumor formation was completely blunted by blockade of β-adrenergic signaling in MCF-7 cells, indicating that catecholamines were the responsible exercise factors. Both epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) could directly inhibit breast cancer cell viability, as well as tumor growth in vivo. EPI and NE activate the tumor suppressor Hippo signaling pathway, and the suppressive effect of exercise-conditioned serum was found to be mediated through phosphorylation and cytoplasmic retention of YAP and reduced expression of downstream target genes, for example, ANKRD1 and CTGF. In parallel, tumor-bearing mice with access to running wheels showed reduced growth of MCF-7 (–36%, P < 0.05) and MDA-MB-231 (–66%, P < 0.01) tumors and, for the MCF-7 tumor, increased regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings offer a mechanistic explanation for exercise-dependent suppression of breast cancer cell growth. Cancer Res; 77(18); 4894–904. ©2017 AACR.
ATG5 Mediates a Positive Feedback Loop between Wnt Signaling and Autophagy in Melanoma
Authors: Ndoye Abibatou , Budina-Kolomets Anna , Kugel Curtis H. , Webster Marie R. , Kaur Amanpreet , Behera Reeti , Rebecca Vito W. , Li Ling , Brafford Patricia A. , Liu Qin , Gopal Y.N. Vashisht , Davies Michael A. , Mills Gordon B. , Xu Xiaowei , Wu Hong , Herlyn Meenhard , Nicastri Michael C. , Winkler Jeffrey D. , Soengas Maria S. , Amaravadi Ravi K. , Murphy Maureen E. , Weeraratna Ashani T.
Published: September 2017

Autophagy mediates resistance to various anticancer agents. In melanoma, resistance to targeted therapy has been linked to expression of Wnt5A, an intrinsic inhibitor of β-catenin, which also promotes invasion. In this study, we assessed the interplay between Wnt5A and autophagy by combining expression studies in human clinical biopsies with functional analyses in cell lines and mouse models. Melanoma cells with high Wnt5A and low β-catenin displayed increased basal autophagy. Genetic blockade of autophagy revealed an unexpected feedback loop whereby knocking down the autophagy factor ATG5 in Wnt5Ahigh cells decreased Wnt5A and increased β-catenin. To define the physiologic relevance of this loop, melanoma cells with different Wnt status were treated in vitro and in vivo with the potent lysosomotropic compound Lys05. Wnt5Ahigh cells were less sensitive to Lys05 and could be reverted by inducing β-catenin activity. Our results suggest the efficacy of autophagy inhibitors might be improved by taking the Wnt signature of melanoma cells into account. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5873–85. ©2017 AACR.
Defining Optimal Triage Strategies for hrHPV Screen–Positive Women—An Evaluation of HPV 16/18 Genotyping, Cytology, and p16/Ki-67 Cytoimmunochemistry
Authors: Stanczuk Grazyna A. , Baxter Gwen J. , Currie Heather , Forson William , Lawrence James R. , Cuschieri Kate , Wilson Allan , Patterson Lynne , Govan Lynn , Black Janice , Palmer Tim , Arbyn Marc
Published: September 2017

Background: Several options for the triage of high-risk HPV screen–positive (hrHPV+) women were assessed.

Methods: This study incorporated CIN2+ cases and controls, all of whom tested hrHPV+ and whose results of liquid-based cytology (LBC), HPV16/18 genotyping, and p16/Ki67 cytoimmunochemistry were available. Sensitivity and specificity for the CIN2+ of these triage tests were evaluated.

Results: Absolute sensitivities of HPV 16/18 typing, LBC, and p16/Ki-67 cytoimmunochemistry for CIN2+ detection were 61.7%, 68.3%, and 85.0% for women with hrHPV+ clinician-taken samples. Respective specificities were 70.5%, 89.1%, and 76.7%. The absolute accuracy of the triage tests was similar for women with a hrHPV+ self-sample. P16/Ki-67 cyto-immunochemistry was significantly more sensitive than LBC although significantly less specific.

Conclusions: All three single-test triage options, if positive, exceed the threshold of 20% risk at which colposcopy would be indicated. However, none of them conferred a post-test probability of CIN2+ <2%; which would permit routine recall. P16/Ki-67 cytoimmunochemistry on HPV16/18 negative women had a post-test probability of CIN2+ of 1.7% and 0.6% if also LBC negative.

Impact: This is one of the few studies to directly compare the performance of triage strategies of hrHPV+ women, in isolation and combinations. It is the only study assessing triage strategies in women who test hrHPV+ in self-taken vaginal samples. A combined triage option that incorporated HPV 16/18 typing prior to p16/ki-67 cytoimmunochemistry in HPV 16/18–negative women yielded a post-test probability of CIN2+ of >20%, whereas women who tested negative had a probability of CIN2+ of <2%. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1629–35. ©2017 AACR.
Initial Clinical Experience With a New Automated Antitachycardia Pacing Algorithm
Authors: Yee Raymond , Fisher John D. , Birgersdotter-Green Ulrika , Smith Timothy W. , Kenigsberg David N. , Canby Robert , Jackson Troy , Taepke Robert , DeGroot Paul
Published: September 2017

Background:

Antitachycardia pacing (ATP) in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) decreases patient shock burden but has recognized limitations. A new automated ATP (AATP) based on electrophysiological first principles was designed. The study objective was to assess the feasibility and safety of AATP in ambulatory ICD patients.

Methods and Results:

Enrolled patients had dual chamber or cardiac resynchronization therapy ICDs, history of ≥1 ICD-treated ventricular tachycardias (VT)/ventricular fibrillation episode, or a recorded, sustained monomorphic VT. Detection was set to ventricular fibrillation number of intervals to detect=24/32, VT number of intervals to detect≥16, and a fast VT zone of 240 to 320 ms. AATP prescribed the components and delivery of successive ATP sequences in real time, using the same settings for all patients. ICD datalogs were uploaded every ≈3 months, at unscheduled visits, exit, and death. Episodes and adverse events were adjudicated by separate committees. Results were adjusted (generalized estimating equations) for multiple episodes. AATP was downloaded into the ICDs of 144 patients (121 men), aged 67.4±11.9 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 33.1±13.6% (n=137), and treated 1626 episodes in 49 patients during 14.5±5.1 months of follow-up. Datalogs permitted adjudication of 702 episodes, including 669 sustained monomorphic VT, 20 polymorphic VT, 10 supraventricular tachycardia, and 3 malsensing episodes. AATP terminated 39 of 69 (59% adjusted) sustained monomorphic VT in the fast VT zone, 509 of 590 (85% adjusted) in the VT zone, and 6 of 10 in the ventricular fibrillation zone. No supraventricular tachycardias converted to VT or ventricular fibrillation. No anomalous AATP behavior was observed.

Conclusions:

The new AATP algorithm safely generated ATP sequences and controlled therapy progression in all zones without need for individualized programing.
Resolving Bipolar Electrogram Voltages During Atrial Fibrillation Using Omnipolar Mapping
Authors: Haldar Shouvik K. , Magtibay Karl , Porta-Sanchez Andreu , Massé Stéphane , Mitsakakis Nicholas , Lai Patrick F.H. , Azam Mohammed Ali , Asta John , Kusha Marjan , Dorian Paul , Ha Andrew C.T. , Chauhan Vijay , Deno D. Curtis , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy
Published: September 2017

Background:

Low-voltage–guided substrate modification is an emerging strategy in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. A major limitation to contemporary bipolar electrogram (EGM) analysis in AF is the resultant lower peak-to-peak voltage (V
pp
) from variations in wavefront direction relative to electrode orientation and from fractionation and collision events. We aim to compare bipole V
pp
with novel omnipolar peak-to-peak voltages (V
max
) in sinus rhythm (SR) and AF.

Methods and Results:

A high-density fixed multielectrode plaque was placed on the epicardial surface of the left atrium in dogs. Horizontal and vertical orientation bipolar EGMs, followed by omnipolar EGMs, were obtained and compared in both SR and AF. Bipole orientation has significant impact on bipolar EGM voltages obtained during SR and AF. In SR, vertical values were on average 66±119% larger than horizontal (
P
=0.004). In AF, vertical values were on average 31±96% larger than horizontal (
P
=0.07). Omnipole V
max
values were 99.9±125% larger than both horizontal (99.9±125%;
P
<0.001) and vertical (41±78%;
P
<0.0001) in SR and larger than both horizontal (76±109%;
P
<0.001) and vertical (52±70%;
P
value <0.0001) in AF. Vector field analysis of AF wavefronts demonstrates that omnipolar EGMs can account for collision and fractionation and record EGM voltages unaffected by these events.

Conclusions:

Omnipolar EGMs can extract maximal voltages from AF signals which are not influenced by directional factors, collision or fractionation, compared with contemporary bipolar techniques.
Role of Admission Troponin‐T and Serial Troponin‐T Testing in Predicting Outcomes in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Sakhuja Ankit , Geske Jeffrey B. , Kumar Mukesh , Poterucha Joseph T. , Kashyap Rahul , Kashani Kianoush , Jaffe Allan S. , Jentzer Jacob C.
Published: September 2017

Background

Troponin‐T elevation is seen commonly in sepsis and septic shock patients admitted to the intensive care unit. We sought to evaluate the role of admission and serial troponin‐T testing in the prognostication of these patients.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective cohort study from 2007 to 2014 on patients admitted to the intensive care units at the Mayo Clinic with severe sepsis and septic shock. Elevated admission troponin‐T and significant delta troponin‐T were defined as ≥0.01 ng/mL and ≥0.03 ng/mL in 3 hours, respectively. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included 1‐year mortality and lengths of stay. During this 8‐year period, 944 patients met the inclusion criteria with 845 (90%) having an admission troponin‐T ≥0.01 ng/mL. Serial troponin‐T values were available in 732 (78%) patients. Elevated admission troponin‐T was associated with older age, higher baseline comorbidity, and severity of illness, whereas significant delta troponin‐T was associated with higher severity of illness. Admission log
10
troponin‐T was associated with unadjusted in‐hospital (odds ratio 1.6;
P
=0.003) and 1‐year mortality (odds ratio 1.3;
P
=0.04), but did not correlate with length of stay. Elevated delta troponin‐T and log
10
delta troponin‐T were not significantly associated with any of the primary or secondary outcomes. Admission log
10
troponin‐T remained an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.4;
P
=0.04) and 1‐year survival (hazard ratio 1.3;
P
=0.008).

Conclusions

In patients with sepsis and septic shock, elevated admission troponin‐T was associated with higher short‐ and long‐term mortality. Routine serial troponin‐T testing did not add incremental prognostic value in these patients.