bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efek Ekstrak Air Kombinasi Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia lamk.), Kemuning (Murraya paniculata (l.) Jack), Murbei (Morus alba l.), dan Rimpang Bangle (Zingiber purpureum roxb.) terhadap Derajat Perlemakan Hepar Tikus dengan Diet Tinggi Lemak
Authors: Herbani Merlita , Wahyuningsih Doti
Published: May 2022

Fatty liver is an accumulation of lipid drops exceeding 5% of the total amount of liver, which can increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is associated with dyslipidemia, which the treatments for both condition are in common. Jati Belanda leaves, Kemuning leaves, Murbei leaves and Bangle rhizome (JKMB) are often used alone or in combination to improve dyslipidemia, but their effect on the liver is unknown.This study used an experimental post test control group method where 25 rats were acclimatized for 2 weeks. After that, the rats were divided into 5 groups including KN : normal feed, KP : DTLM feed, D1 : DTLM+ JKMB extract dose 189 mg/200gbb, D2 : DTLM+ JKMB extract dose 378 mg/200gbb, D3 : DTLM+ JKMB extract dose 756 mg /200gbb and treated for 12 weeks. JKMB extract was obtained in a ratio of 8: 3: 3: 7. After that, the rats were sacrificed and the liver tissue was stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. HE preparations were performed to calculate the percentage of liver fat at 400x magnification with 5 fields of view per slide.The results of the normality (0.200> 0.05) and homogeneity test (0.558> 0.05) were found to be normal. The ANOVA test was found to be significantly different (0.000< 0.05). The Post Hoc test found that the negative control was significantly different from the positive control (0.000 < 0.05). Positive control did not differ significantly with treatment doses D1 (0.094>0.05), D2 (0.186>0.05) and D3 (0.734>0.05).From the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the combination of extracts of Jati Belanda leaves, Kemuning leaves, Murbei leaves and Bangle rhizome extracts could not reduce the percentage of fatty liver.
The Effect of Lemon Peel (Citrus limon) Aromatherapy Inhalation as Antidepressant on Rats using Diffuser Method
Authors: Setiawan Indra , Indrawanto Iwan Sis , Noerwahjono Abi , Rahardjo Abdi Malik
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Background Depression is a mood disorder that affects a person’s quality of life. This condition is influenced by the levels of monoamine compounds such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. The decrease in monoamine levels leads to depressive symptoms. Lemon peel essential oil has an antidepressant potential, that contains phytochemicals, d-Limonene, which increase monoamine levels in the brain. Aromatherapy diffuser inhalation method is one kind of treatment route in depression. The mechanism of action is by breaking down the smaller essential oil particles so they penetrate quicker to the brain. Objective: To determine the effect of lemon peel (Citrus limon) aromatherapy inhalation diffuser method on immobility time of white rats (Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain) on the tail suspension test. Method: True Experimental with Post Test Only Control Group Design. Fifteen white male rats Wistar strain were divided into 5 groups. The positive control group was given stressors and saline induction intraperitoneally. In addition to stressors, the treatment group was also given lemon peel aromatherapy inhalation at a dose of 1%, 2.5%, and 5%. Measurement of immobility time was carried out by hanging the rats' tails through the tail suspension test method and the time of animals stopped moving for at least 1 second was calculated using a timer. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA test, Post Hoc test, Pearson correlation test, and Linear Regression test. Results and Discussion: ANOVA test showed a significant difference between groups (p = 0.017). The post Hoc test showed a significant difference (p <0.05) between the positive control and the P3 group (5%). The linear regression test obtained Adjusted R2 = 0.598 (inhalation of lemon peel aromatherapy gives an effect of 59.8%). The decrease of immobility time was due to the reduction of depression that was caused by the increase of monoamine level induced by d-limonene in lemon peel essential oil. Conclusion: The inhalation of lemon peel (Citrus limon) aromatherapy with diffuser method has the antidepressant effect that reduces the immobility time of depressed white rats (Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain).
A phylogeny based on cytochrome-c oxidase gene sequences identifies sympatric Ichthyophonus genotypes in the NE Pacific Ocean
Authors: Gregg JL , Hershberger PK , Neat AS , Jayasekera HT , Ferguson JA , Powers RL , Purcell MK
Published: May 2022

In recent decades, evidence has accumulated to suggest that the widespread and highly variable parasite Ichthyophonus hoferi is actually a species complex. Highly plastic morphology and a general lack of defining structures has contributed to the likely underestimate of biodiversity within this group. Molecular methods are a logical next step in the description of these parasites, but markers used to date have been too conserved to resolve species boundaries. Here we use mitochondrial encoded cytochrome-c oxidase (MTCO1) gene sequences and phylogenic analysis to compare Ichthyophonus spp. isolates from several marine and anadromous fish hosts. The resulting phylogeny displays lineage separation among isolates and possible host/niche segregation not previously described. The parasite type that infects Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, Atlantic herring C. harengus, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, and Pacific staghorn sculpin Oligocottus maculosus (Clade A) is different from that which infects Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus, Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, and Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepsis (Clade B). MTCO1 sequences confirmed the presence of a more divergent Ichthyophonus sp. isolated from American shad Alosa sapidissima in rivers of eastern North America (Clade C), while American shad introduced to the Pacific Ocean are infected with the same parasite that infects Pacific herring (Clade A). Currently there are no consensus criteria for delimiting species within Ichthyophonidae, but MTCO1 sequences hold promise as a potential species identifying marker and useful epizootiological tool.
Shaping coral traits: plasticity more than filtering
Authors: Brambilla V , Barbosa M , Dehnert I , Madin J , Maggioni D , Peddie C , Dornelas M
Published: May 2022

The structure of an ecosystem is usually determined by the shape of the organisms that build it, commonly known as ecosystem engineers. Understanding to what extent plasticity and environmental filtering determine variation in the physical structure of ecosystem engineers is necessary to predict how ecosystem structure may change. Here, we explored coral survival and the plasticity of morphological traits that are critical for habitat provision in coral reefs. We conducted a reciprocal clonal transplant experiment in which branching corals from the genera Porites and Acropora were moved to and from a deep and a shallow site within a lagoon in the Maldives. Survival and trait analyses revealed that transplant destination consistently induced the strongest changes, particularly among Acropora spp. The origin of the corals had only marginal effects on some of the traits. We also detected variation in the way individuals from the same species and site differentiate in their shape, showing that traits linked to habitat provision are phenotypically plastic. The results suggest that in the quite common lagoonal conditions studied here, coral phenotypic plasticity plays a stronger role than environmental filtering, in determining the zonation of coral morphologies, and consequently the habitats they provide for other organisms.
PENGELOLAAN GEOWISATA BERKELANJUTAN DALAM MENDUKUNG PELESTARIAN WARISAN GEOLOGI: PERSPEKTIF COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
Authors: Berliandaldo Mahardhika , Fasa Angga Wijaya Holman
Published: May 2022

Tren pariwisata pasca pandemi Covid-19 menunjukkan kecenderungan kepada wisata alam yang bersifat outdoor untuk menghindari transmisi atau penularan virus. Salah satu jenis wisata tersebut adalah geowisata. studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami urgensi pengelolaan geowisata berkelanjutan dalam mendukung pelestarian warisan geologi, serta peran dan relasi antar para pemangku kepentingan dalam pengelolaan geowisata berkelanjutan dalam mendukung pelestarian warisan geologi berdasarkan perspektif collaborative governance. Setelah mendapatkan temuan studi atas kedua hal tersebut, kemudian disusun strategi pengelolaan geowisata berkelanjutan dalam mendukung pelestarian warisan geologi berbasis kolaborasi antar para pemangku kepentingan. Untuk mengetahui jawaban dari bebrapa hal tersebut dipergunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Berdasarkan elaborasi lebih lanjut, studi ini menunjukkan beberapa hal, pertama, pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan warisan geologi ini dapat meningkatkan pendapatan negara dari sektor pariwisata dengan pembangunan ekonomi dan budaya lokal, serta keserasian penataan ruang dalam upaya terwujudnya pembangunan berkelanjutan. Kedua, Peran dan relasi antar pemangku kepentingan amat dibutuhkan dalam kerangka kolaboratif, dan perlu ditunjang oleh sistem kelembagaan yang jelas, khusunya untuk mengelola keuangan dan pendapatan, manajemen fasilitas, menyelesaikan masalah teknis, mengurus sistem manajemen harian, regulasi kolaborasi aktor seperti bisnis lokal, akademisi, pengusaha, pemerintah daerah, badan pariwisata dan masyarakat setempat. Ketiga, strategi berbagi peran dalam pengembangan geotourism adalah dengan penerpan model pentahelix yang melibatkan beberapa pihak pemangku kepentingan, antara lain Academy (Riset dan Pengabdian masyarakat), Business (Kerjasama Pembiayaan dan Penyelenggara Bisnis), Community (Pendukung Pariwisata dan Ekonomi kreatif), Government (Koordinator dan Regulator), Media (Promosi, Pemasaran, dan Sosialisasi).
Tizenegy éve „rejtett” okú szekunder hypertonia
Authors: Csitári Gergő László , Biró Edina , Gencsiová Kristína , Besir Viktória , Alföldi Sándor , Simonyi Gábor
Published: May 2022

Jelen tanulmányunkkal egy tizenegy éven átívelő szekunder hypertoniával szövődő betegségtörténetet szeretnénk bemutatni. Az adekvát diagnózis már a kezdetektől is kézenfekvő volt, minderről a tipikus klinikai kép mellett több alkalommal szövettani eredmény is tanúskodott. Az eset endokrin vonatkozásai miatt a hipertonológusok mellett a diabetológusok és obezitológusok számára is tanulságos lehet. Cikkünk végén igyekeztünk összefoglalni a gyakorló orvos számára a legfontosabb tanulságokat.
Assessment And Spatial Distribution of Quality of Water of the middle Stretch of the River Jhelum Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques
Authors: Aziz Saiqa , Ullah Rizwan
Published: May 2022

Rivers are vital freshwater system that are necessary for the continuation of life. The goal of present research was to analyze spatial dissimilarities in water quality of river Jhelum flowing through Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Overall, eleven water samples were collected during month of June 2014 and were examined for some physio-chemical parameters namely pH, Temperature, EC, TDS, Turbidity, flow rate, T. Hardness, Alkalinity and Salinity. The obtained results were compared with the guiding principle laid by World Health Organization (WHO) for river water quality. Only at one site “Sharda” significant amount of turbidity recorded while rest of the parameters pH, temperature, EC, TDS, T. Hardness and Alkalinity were recorded within the range of WHO guidelines.
Assessing the Conflict between Family and Work Demand: A Cross Sectional Study of Challenges Faced by Professional Nurses
Authors: Arqam Linta , Yunus Asma , Rahat Rahla , Mushtaq Shahzad Khaver
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study is to look into the nurse’s views of the conflict in family and work demands working in various hospitals of Sargodha District. The study follows a quantitative methodology hence survey research design is considered as the most appropriate research design for this research. Structured questionnaires was developed containing 21 items. Data was collected through personal visits. The population for this study was nurses working in government and private hospitals of district Sargodha. For the respondent selection, a multi-stage sampling method was used.  In first stage six government and private hospitals were selected through simple random sampling. Target was three government and three private hospital located in district Sargodha. Purposive sampling was employed in the second stage of sampling to choose a sample of 150 nurses from randomly selected hospitals. Results from the study showed that work family conflict was more evident among nurses aged 25-35 and married having 1-3 children. The result of the study showed that as compared to family demands, work demands are more strongly associated with work family conflict. The study recommends that work family conflict should continue to be researched further. In particular, a national study of nurses and the profession should be conducted. The nursing profession’s collective voice ought to be heard in Pakistan.
Pesticide contamination in
cauliflower and related health risk assessment in Gurugram, India
Authors: Rani Jyoti , Chaudhary Sudesh , Agarwal Tripti
Published: May 2022

Imprudent use of pesticides in agriculture has resulted in increased concentrations of pesticides in food. Consumption of pesticide-contaminated vegetables can cause many chronic and acute health problems for consumers. Vegetables are an important part of the human diet as they are a source of vitamins and minerals. Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) is a frequently consumed vegetable in India and has high nutritional value. In the present study, cauliflower was scanned for organochlorines, organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids and some other classes of pesticides. The pesticides were extracted from the vegetable using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction techniques, and the extracts were analysed on Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). All samples were contaminated with pesticide residues. The pesticides detected in the samples were aldrin (0.018 mg/kg), chlorpyrifos (0.02 - 0.04 mg/kg), cypermethrin (0.03 mg/kg), deltamethrin (0.018 - 0.04 mg/kg), malathion (0.02 mg/kg), o,p-dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (0.02mg/kg), and phorate (0.02 - 0.03 mg/kg). Cauliflower samples collected from Manesar showed the presence of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin. Concentrations of chlorpyrifos were above the maximum residue limits recommended by the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 2004. The health risk index was highest for aldrin (0.08) and lowest for malathion (2.67·10-5).
An Overview of Autophagy in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Montazersaheb Soheila , Ehsani Ali , Fathi Ezzatollah , Farahzadi Raheleh , Vietor Ilja
Published: May 2022

Autophagy is a fundamental homeostatic process crucial for cellular adaptation in response to metabolic stress. Autophagy exerts its effect through degrading intracellular components and recycling them to produce macromolecular precursors and energy. This physiological process contributes to cellular development, maintenance of cellular/tissue homeostasis, immune system regulation, and human disease. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only preferred therapy for most bone marrow-derived cancers. Unfortunately, HSCT can result in several serious and sometimes untreatable conditions due to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), graft failure, and infection. These are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving the transplant. During the last decade, autophagy has gained a considerable understanding of its role in various diseases and cellular processes. In light of recent research, it has been confirmed that autophagy plays a crucial role in the survival and function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), T-cell differentiation, antigen presentation, and responsiveness to cytokine stimulation. Despite the importance of these events to HSCT, the role of autophagy in HSCT as a whole remains relatively ambiguous. As a result of the growing use of autophagy-modulating agents in the clinic, it is imperative to understand how autophagy functions in allogeneic HSCT. The purpose of this literature review is to elucidate the established and implicated roles of autophagy in HSCT, identifying this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for improving transplant outcomes.
Pretreatment Computed Tomography-Based Machine Learning Models to Predict Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients who Received Combined Treatment of Trans-Arterial Chemoembolization and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Ren Qianqian , Zhu Peng , Li Changde , Yan Meijun , Liu Song , Zheng Chuansheng , Xia Xiangwen
Published: May 2022

Aim: Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has been evidenced to improve outcomes in a portion of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Developing biomarkers to identify patients who might benefit from the combined treatment is needed. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of radiomics/deep learning features-based models in predicting short-term disease control and overall survival (OS) in HCC patients who received the combined treatment.

Materials and Methods: A total of 103 HCC patients who received the combined treatment from Sep. 2015 to Dec. 2019 were enrolled in the study. We exacted radiomics features and deep learning features of six pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) from pretreatment computed tomography (CT) images. The robustness of features was evaluated, and those with excellent stability were used to construct predictive models by combining each of the seven feature exactors, 13 feature selection methods and 12 classifiers. The models were evaluated for predicting short-term disease by using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and relative standard deviation (RSD). The optimal models were further analyzed for predictive performance on overall survival.

Results: A total of the 1,092 models (156 with radiomics features and 936 with deep learning features) were constructed. Radiomics_GINI_Nearest Neighbors (RGNN) and Resnet50_MIM_Nearest Neighbors (RMNN) were identified as optimal models, with the AUC of 0.87 and 0.94, accuracy of 0.89 and 0.92, sensitivity of 0.88 and 0.97, specificity of 0.90 and 0.90, precision of 0.87 and 0.83, F1 score of 0.89 and 0.92, and RSD of 1.30 and 0.26, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that RGNN and RMNN were associated with better OS (p = 0.006 for RGNN and p = 0.033 for RMNN).

Conclusion: Pretreatment CT-based radiomics/deep learning models could non-invasively and efficiently predict outcomes in HCC patients who received combined therapy of TACE and TKI.
Preparation and Characterization of Site-Specific Fatty Chain-Modified Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor
Authors: Wang Xu-Dong , Yu Wei-Jia , Liu Jia-Hui , Du Jie , Chen Kang-Nan , Hu Qin-Qin , Sun Wen-Long , Ying Guo-Qing
Published: May 2022

The clinical use of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) is limited by its short serum half-life. In this study, a long-acting strategy for site-specific modification of rhG-CSF with 1-pentadecyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (C15 fatty chain-maleimide, C15-MAL) was studied in mixed DMSO-aqueous solutions. The factors influencing the conjugation reaction were investigated and optimized, and a high yield of the desired product (C15-rhG-CSF) was achieved. Subsequently, C15-rhG-CSF product was efficiently purified using preparative liquid chromatography, and further characterized. Circular dichroism spectroscopy analysis showed that the secondary structure of C15-rhG-CSF had no significant difference from unmodified rhG-CSF. C15-rhG-CSF retained 87.2% of in vitro bioactivity of unmodified rhG-CSF. The pharmacokinetic study showed that the serum half-life of C15-rhG-CSF in mice was 2.08-fold longer than that of unmodified rhG-CSF. Furthermore, C15-rhG-CSF by single-dose subcutaneous administration showed better in vivo efficacy than those of both PEG10k-rhG-CSF by single-dose administration and rhG-CSF by multiple doses administration. This study demonstrated the potential of C15-rhG-CSF being developed into a novel drug candidate as well as an efficient process for the development of long-acting protein and peptide drugs.
Efficient Interfacial Charge Transfer Based on 2D/2D Heterojunctions of Fe-C3N4/Ti3C2 for Improving the Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics
Authors: Huo Zhaohui , Liao Yanmin , He Yongyi , Zhang Yifan , Liao Xiaolin , Zhang Qitong , Wu Haojie , Shi Junjie , Wen Genglong , Su Haixia , Yao Suyang
Published: May 2022

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has shown to be a promising photocatalyst that, however, suffers from strong charge recombination and poor conductivity, while MXenes have shown to be perfect cocatalysts for the photocatalytic process but show poor stability. In this study, we successfully constructed 2D/2D heterojunctions of Fe-C3N4/Ti3C2 for the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics. In this study, multilayer Ti3C2 was obtained by etching Ti3AlC2, and then Fe-C3N4/Ti3C2 photocatalyst was prepared by the one-pot microwave method and high-temperature calcination method. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, TGA, BET, DRS, PL, and other means. The photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by Fe-C3N4/Ti3C2 was in accordance with the first-order reaction kinetics model, and the apparent rate constant k was 2.83, 2.06, and 1.77 times that of g-C3N4, Fe-C3N4, and g-C3N4/Ti3C2, respectively. Through the mechanism study, it was shown that the most active species in the reaction system was • O2−, while h+ and •OH had a relatively lower effect on the degradation system.
Association Between Metformin and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Niu Wenqiang , Shao Juan , Yu Benxiang , Liu Guolong , Wang Ran , Dong Hengyang , Che Haijie , Li Lubin
Published: May 2022

Objective

To systematically examine the association between metformin and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and provide a basis for the treatment of AAA.

Methods

Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Ovid databases were searched by computer to identify the literature related to metformin and AAA published until February 2022. The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were extracted, and a quality assessment was conducted. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 and RevMan 5.3 software.

Results

Seven articles containing a total of 10 cohort studies (85,050 patients) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Meta-analysis showed that metformin can limit the expansion of AAA (MD = – 0.72, 95% CI: – 1.08 ~ −0.37, P < 0.00001), as well as reduce AAA repair or AAA rupture-related mortality (OR = 0.80, 95% CI:0.66 ~ 0.96, P = 0.02). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Metformin can limit the expansion of AAA and reduce the incidence of AAA and postoperative mortality. However, further biological experiments and clinical trials still need to be conducted to support this.
Roles of Ferroptosis in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Guo Yuting , Zhang Wei , Zhou Xinger , Zhao Shihao , Wang Jian , Guo Yi , Liao Yichao , Lu Haihui , Liu Jie , Cai Yanbin , Wu Jiao , Shen Mingzhi
Published: May 2022

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation and iron overload, which is different from other types of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis. Over the past years, emerging studies have shown a close relation between ferroptosis and various cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Herein, we will review the contributions of ferroptosis to multiple cardiovascular diseases and the related targets. Further, we discuss the potential ferroptosis-targeting strategies for treating different cardiovascular diseases.
Accessibility and Essential Travel: Public Transport Reliance Among Senior Citizens During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Carney Ffion , Long Alfie , Kandt Jens
Published: May 2022

Using smart card travel data, we compare demand for bus services by passengers of age 65 or older prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify public transport-reliant users residing in more car-dependent environments—i.e., people who rely on public transport services to carry out essential activities, such as daily shopping and live in areas with low public transport accessibility. Viewing lockdowns as natural experiments, we use spatial analysis combined with multilevel logistic regressions to characterize the demographic and geographic context of those passengers who continued to use public transport services in these areas during lockdown periods, or quickly returned to public transport when restrictions were eased. We find that this particular type of public transport reliance is significantly associated with socio-demographic characteristics alongside urban residential conditions. Specifically, we identify suburban geographies of public transport reliance, which are at risk of being overlooked in approaches that view public transport dependence mainly as an outcome of deprivation. Our research demonstrates once again that inclusive, healthy and sustainable mobility can only be achieved if all areas of metropolitan regions are well and reliably served by public transport.
Study on the Thermophysical Properties and Influencing Factors of Regional Surface Shallow Rock and Soil in China
Authors: Zhu Xi , Gao Zongjun , Chen Tao , Wang Wanli , Lu Chuan , Zhang Qinglian
Published: May 2022

Thermophysical properties of rock and soil are important parameters that affect the efficiency of shallow geothermal energy utilization. This paper analyzes the thermophysical parameters (specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity) and their influencing factors based on 6467 sample data in 24 provincial capitals, China. The statistical distributions of thermophysical properties are analyzed based on histogram plots. Linear regression analysis is conducted to investigate the correlation between thermophysical properties and lithology (classified as metamorphic rocks, igneous rocks, chemical sedimentary rocks, clastic sedimentary rocks, and loose sediments in this study)), density, and water content. The results show that the thermophysical properties are influenced predominantly by lithology. The measured values of thermophysical properties generally show normal distribution characteristics. The specific heat capacity of loose sediments is relatively high, the thermal conductivity of other four types are relatively high. The specific heat capacity is negatively correlated with density, positively correlated with water content, whereas thermal conductivity is positively correlated with density, and negatively correlated with water content. The findings obtained in this study provide evidence and guidelines for the investigation, evaluation, and development of shallow geothermal resources.
Multi-Scale Natural Fracture Prediction in Continental Shale Oil Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Jin Zhijun , Chen Gang , Peng Miao , Huang Liliang , Wang Zhenlin , Zeng Lianbo , Lu Guoqing , Du Xiaoyu , Liu Guoping
Published: May 2022

Natural fractures in continental shale oil reservoirs of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag show multi-scale characteristics, which leads to complex seismic responses and difficult identification. In order to establish fracture prediction models with good performance in these reservoirs, this study uses seismic attributes such as post-stack coherence, curvature, likelihood, and pre-stack AVAz to predict the multi-scale fractures, including main-secondary faults, large-scale fractures, and medium-small scale fractures in continental shale oil reservoirs. The final prediction results are superimposed on the plane to clarify the multi-scale fracture distribution law of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag. Seismic prediction results show that natural fractures in the upper sweet spot of the Fengcheng Formation are more developed, especially in the northern and central platform areas, and they are mainly near E-W strikes. With the increase of the primary-secondary fault distance, the fracture density gradually decreases. Natural fractures obtained by seismic prediction are consistent with the fractures interpreted by image logs, which can be used to effectively predict fractures for continental shale oil reservoirs in the Mahu Sag of the Junggar Basin and other areas with a similar geological background.
Aumolertinib Effectively Reduces Clinical Symptoms of an EGFR L858R-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Case Coupled With Osimertinib-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Case Report and Review
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Liu Haiyang , Yang Jia
Published: May 2022

Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) first-line therapy, has shown good clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but some serious adverse events such as cardiotoxicity have also been reported. Here, we present the first NSCLC case with osimertinib-induced cardiac failure. The case is successfully being treated by switching to another third-generation TKI, aumolertinib. A 62-year-old non-smoking woman was initially diagnosed with stage cT2aN2M1c IVB NSCLC with synchronous brain and bone metastasis in April 2020. Further genetic screening of the patient identified Leu858Arg (L858R) mutation in EGFR; thus, the patient was administered third-generation TKI osimertinib (80 mg/day) for 6 months. This treatment with osimertinib led to serious cardiac failure but no significant reduction in NSCLC tumor size. To cope with these conditions, another third-generation TKI, aumolertinib (110 mg/day), along with a supplement treatment plan was prescribed to the patient. Interestingly, this new treatment plan of aumolertinib significantly inhibited tumor growth in 8 months. Therefore, we conclude that the administration of second-line aumolertinib 110 mg/day has fewer adverse reactions and high efficacy against NSCLC as compared to osimertinib therapy.
Experimental Study on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of an Inclined Shell-and-Tube Phase-Change Thermal Energy Storage Unit
Authors: Zhang Kun , He Xiaoliang , Wang Liangbi , Yu Yan
Published: May 2022

Detailed experimental investigation is presented for the heat transfer characteristics of an inclined shell-and-tube phase-change thermal energy storage unit. For the case of inclined angle α = π/4, the solid–liquid interface presented a concave surface because the heat transfer can be affected not only by conduction in the phase-change material (PCM) domain but also by natural convection significantly. The heat transfer rate increases with the increasing flow rate and inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid (HTF), but the flow rate of the HTF has little effect on the charging process for the case of qv ≥ 40 L/h. The heat transfer rate of PCM above the HTF tube increases with the increase of inclined angle. The effects of inclined angle on the heat transfer rate can be not negligible due to the obvious natural convection in the charging process.
Reducing Submodule Capacitance for Modular Multilevel Converter-Based Medium-Voltage Wind Power Converter
Authors: Qian Jianhang , Liu Zhijie , Li Ke-Jun , Li Liangzi , Guo ZhongLin
Published: May 2022

This study presents a strategy to reduce the capacitance of the submodule (SM) capacitor of a modular multilevel converter-based medium-voltage wind power converter. The design of the SM capacitor of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) should consider the actual operating conditions, especially the influence of wind speed, because wind speed will affect the voltage ripple and voltage amplitude of the SM capacitor. In the traditional method, the capacitance design of the SM capacitor will be based on relatively high wind speed and leave a certain safety margin. However, in most cases, the system operates at the highest-frequency wind speed (HFWS). For the MMC-based wind energy conversion system, a constant capacitor voltage ripple (CCVR) control method is proposed. Using this method, the SM capacitor voltage ripple can be significantly reduced by injecting the second harmonic component of circulating current. In this way, the SM capacitor with smaller capacitance can be used. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated in RT-Lab Platform.
Optimal Transmission Switching Based on Analytical Target Cascading Algorithm
Authors: Li Benxin , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Yumin , Yu Yixiao , Zang Ying , Zhang Xueqing
Published: May 2022

The penetration of a high proportion of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power grid intensifies the source–load imbalance, which greatly weakens the network transmission performance and power supply quality, and the effect of relying only on individual regulation within the region is negligible. To enhance the capacity of interconnection and coordination among different areas of power systems and improve the accommodation level of RES and low-carbon efficiency, an optimal transmission switching model based on the bus tearing method is proposed in this article. Firstly, the complex power system is decomposed based on the bus tearing method, and thus, the interconnected power grid structure of the multiarea system is constructed. Secondly, the optimal model of interconnected power grid decomposition and coordination structure considering renewable energy generation is constructed, based on exquisite modeling, to reduce the difficulty of unified analysis and decision-making of the multiarea interconnected power system, and the expression of the model is simplified in the form of the matrix. Then, the analytical target cascading (ATC) method is used to decouple the complex model from the main problem and subproblem and solve the distributed parallel problem, to understand the optimization of the decomposition and coordination structure of the interconnected power grid with source–load coordination. Finally, based on the case studies of the IEEE 14-bus system and IEEE 118-bus system, the effectiveness of the proposed model and method is verified, the coordinated operation of the interconnected power grid and the optimal allocation of network resources are achieved, and the economy of power system operation is improved.
The Impact of Regional Economic Growth and Factor Input on the Convergence of Health Tourism Industry—Based on the Data of 31 Provinces in China
Authors: Qian Fangbin , Shang Yunfeng
Published: May 2022

This study measures the convergence degree of the health tourism industry in 31 provinces and autonomous regions of China by input-output method and investigates the convergence driving force of the health tourism industry from five factors: economic growth, talent training, market perfection, technology input, and capital investment. The empirical study shows that the level of economic growth, talent training, market perfection, technology input, and capital investment all have a positive effect on the convergence of the health tourism industry in China. Moreover, K-cluster analysis is used to divide 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions into three types according to the measured convergence degree, and the five driving forces play different roles in different types of regions with different convergence degrees. For regions where the tourism industry and health industry are well integrated, the two industries can be integrated according to the demand by improving the market system. At the same time, talent training and technology input can also more effectively promote the convergence of the two industries. For regions where the tourism industry is well integrated with the health industry, strengthening capital investment and talent training can better promote the integration of the two industries. For regions where the health industry is well integrated with the tourism industry, by increasing capital investment, meeting market demand, and improving infrastructure investment, the industrial convergence can be promoted.
Morphological Phylogeny of New Cretaceous Fossils Elucidates the Early History of Soil Dwelling Among Bugs
Authors: Du Sile , Gu Lei , Engel Michael S. , Ren Dong , Yao Yunzhi
Published: May 2022

Burrowing bugs are distinctive, beetle-like insects of the pentatomoid family Cydnidae, noteworthy for their morphological specializations for digging and a hemiedaphic life history. However, less is known about their biological significance and the early origin of soil dwelling. Direct fossil evidence illuminating the evolutionary history of soil dwelling in cydnids is extremely rare. In this study, we report four new species of the burrowing bug subfamily Amnestinae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, including two exhibiting specialized bulldozing and digging morphological traits on the anterior of the head and forelegs. Associated morphological features and phylogenetic placement indicate thatAcanthamnestusrepresents the earliest unequivocal soil-dwelling cydnids and pushes back the geological record of hemiedaphic true bugs to 99 Ma. Environmental evidence, the distribution of host plants, and the fossils provide a new window for understanding the early origin of soil habits in Amnestinae and may be linked to the appearance of Moraceae.
Case Report: Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Pearson Syndrome in a Chinese Boy and 139 Patients
Authors: Ying Yanqin , Liang Yan , Luo Xiaoping , Wei Ming
Published: May 2022

Background: Pearson’s syndrome (PS) is a rare multi-system disorder caused by mitochondrial DNA deletion. Most PS cases in the literature are individual reports, and there is a lack of systematic analysis of clinical features and gene mutations in large samples.

Objective: To report a case of PS and summarize the clinical features and genetic characteristics of PS by reviewing the literature.

Methods: We reported a case of PS in a boy with severe anemia and multi-system disorder. Genetic etiology was identified by mitochondrial DNA sequencing and whole-exon sequencing. Clinical features and gene mutations were summarized by literature review.

Results: The patient had major clinical manifestations with recurrent anemia and multiple organ failure after infection. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing revealed a de novo heteroplasmic deletion of 3.063 kb (nt 6,224–9,287) with 75% heteroplasmy in peripheral blood. A total of 139 PS cases were retrieved after a literature search. The most common initial symptom was refractory anemia requiring repeated blood transfusion (86.2%), digestive system symptoms (26.9%), and failure to thrive (15.4%). During the course of disease, the observed symptoms were bone marrow failure (100%), metabolic disorders (61.87%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (61.87%), failure to thrive (48.9%), renal disorders (42.45%), and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (39.6%). The mean heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA mutation in peripheral blood in deaths (76.29 ± 11.86%, n = 29) was higher than that in survivals (59.92 ± 23.87%, n = 26, p < 0.01). Among the patients with the 4.977 kb deletion, the heteroplasmy in peripheral blood in deaths (79.64 ± 9.71%, n = 11) was higher than that in survivals (56.67 ± 27.65%, n = 9, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: PS can affect multiple systems, and mitochondrial DNA sequencing should be performed early. The heteroplasmy in peripheral blood is related to prognosis.
RNA-Seq Analysis of the Growth Hormone Transgenic Female Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Hepatic Transcriptome Reveals Broad Temperature-Mediated Effects on Metabolism and Other Biological Processes
Authors: Ignatz Eric H. , Hori Tiago S. , Kumar Surendra , Benfey Tillmann J. , Braden Laura M. , Runighan C. Dawn , Westcott Jillian D. , Rise Matthew L.
Published: May 2022

This study examined the impact of rearing temperature (10.5, 13.5 or 16.5°C) on the hepatic transcriptome of AquAdvantage Salmon (growth hormone transgenic female triploid Atlantic salmon) at an average weight of 800 g. Six stranded PE libraries were Illumina-sequenced from each temperature group, resulting in an average of over 100 M raw reads per individual fish. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) results showed the greatest difference in the number of differentially expressed transcripts (1750 DETs), as revealed by both DESeq2 and edgeR (q < 0.05; fold-change > |1.5|), was between the 10.5 and 16.5°C temperature groups. In contrast, 172 and 52 DETs were found in the 10.5 vs. 13.5°C and the 13.5 vs. 16.5°C comparisons, respectively. Considering the DETs between the 10.5 and 16.5°C groups, 282 enriched gene ontology (GO) terms were identified (q < 0.05), including “response to stress”, “immune system process”, “lipid metabolic process”, “oxidation-reduction process”, and “cholesterol metabolic process”, suggesting elevated temperature elicited broad effects on multiple biological systems. Pathway analysis using ClueGO showed additional impacts on amino acid and lipid metabolism. There was a significant positive correlation between RNA-seq and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results for 8 of 9 metabolic-related transcripts tested. RT-qPCR results also correlated to changes in fillet tissue composition previously reported in these salmon (e.g., methionine and lysine concentrations positively correlated with hsp90ab1 transcript expression), suggesting that rearing temperature played a significant role in mediating metabolic/biosynthetic pathways of AquAdvantage Salmon. Many transcripts related to lipid/fatty acid metabolism (e.g., elovl2, fabpi, hacd2, mgll, s27a2, thrsp) were downregulated at 16.5°C compared to both other temperature groups. Additionally, enrichment of stress-, apoptosis- and catabolism-relevant GO terms at 16.5°C suggests that this temperature may not be ideal for commercial production when using freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). This study relates phenotypic responses to transcript-specific findings and therefore aids in the determination of an optimal rearing temperature for AquAdvantage Salmon. With approval to grow and sell AquAdvantage Salmon in the United States and Canada, the novel insights provided by this research can help industry expansion by promoting optimal physiological performance and health.
Proteomic Profiling of Cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Liu Peng , Wu Jianqiang , Sun Dandan , Li Haolong , Qi Zhihong , Tang Xiaoyue , Su Wei , Li Yongzhe , Qin Xuzhen
Published: May 2022

Objective

We aimed to explore and identify candidate protein biomarkers of cryoglobulinemia (CGE) in disease control patients with negative cryoglobulin (DC) or healthy controls (HCs).

Methods

The tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled serum quantitative proteomics approach was used to identify differentially expressed proteins between the CGE and DC groups. Ingenuity pathway analysis was used for functional annotation of differentially expressed proteins. Biomarker candidates were validated in another cohort using the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) method. Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), apolipoprotein CIII (APOC3), adiponectin, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9), which represent key proteins involved in the cholesterol metabolism pathway, were further verified in an increased number of samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

A total of 1004 proteins were identified, of which 109 proteins were differentially expressed between the CGE and DC groups. These differentially expressed proteins were primarily involved in hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation and immune/inflammation-related pathways. In the disease and biofunction analysis, these proteins were mainly associated with the adhesion of blood cells, leukocyte migration, cholesterol transport, and transport of lipids. Twelve candidate biomarkers were validated by PRM-based proteomics, and proteins involved in the cholesterol metabolism pathway were further verified. APOA1, APOC3, adiponectin and PCSK9 concentrations were increased in CGE patients compared with healthy controls (P=0.0123, 0.1136, 0.5760, and 0.0019, respectively).

Conclusion

This report describes the first application of a TMT-PRM-ELISA workflow to identify and validate CGE-specific biomarkers in serum. APOA1 and PCSK9 have been confirmed to be increased in CGE patients, demonstrating that proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism are also implicated in the development of CGE. These findings contribute to pathogenesis research and biomarker discovery in CGE.
The Role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor D6 (ACKR2) in Physiological and Pathological Conditions; Friend, Foe, or Both?
Authors: Gowhari Shabgah Arezoo , Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad , Mohammadi Hamed , Ebrahimzadeh Farnoosh , Oveisee Maziar , Jahanara Abbas , Gholizadeh Navashenaq Jamshid
Published: May 2022

Chemokines exert crucial roles in inducing immune responses through ligation to their canonical receptors. Besides these receptors, there are other atypical chemokine receptors (ACKR1–4) that can bind to a wide range of chemokines and carry out various functions in the body. ACKR2, due to its ability to bind various CC chemokines, has attracted much attention during the past few years. ACKR2 has been shown to be expressed in different cells, including trophoblasts, myeloid cells, and especially lymphoid endothelial cells. In terms of molecular functions, ACKR2 scavenges various inflammatory chemokines and affects inflammatory microenvironments. In the period of pregnancy and fetal development, ACKR2 plays a pivotal role in maintaining the fetus from inflammatory reactions and inhibiting subsequent abortion. In adults, ACKR2 is thought to be a resolving agent in the body because it scavenges chemokines. This leads to the alleviation of inflammation in different situations, including cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, and infections. In cancer, ACKR2 exerts conflicting roles, either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing. On the one hand, ACKR2 inhibits the recruitment of tumor-promoting cells and suppresses tumor-promoting inflammation to blockade inflammatory responses that are favorable for tumor growth. In contrast, scavenging chemokines in the tumor microenvironment might lead to disruption in NK cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment. Other than its involvement in diseases, analyzing the expression of ACKR2 in body fluids and tissues can be used as a biomarker for diseases. In conclusion, this review study has tried to shed more light on the various effects of ACKR2 on different inflammatory conditions.