bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The athlete biological passport: ticket to a fair commonwealth games
Authors: Bucknall Vittoria , Rehman Haroon , Bassindale Thomas , Clement Rhys GE
Published: September 2014

In summer 2014, the world watched as Glasgow hosted the 2014 Commonwealth Games and athletes pushed the boundaries of human performance. Sport has developed into a multi-billion pound industry leading to the development of a ‘win at any cost’ mentality in some individuals. The abuse of performance-enhancing drugs has developed into a sophisticated arms race between those unfairly enhancing performance and those wishing to preserve the dignity of sport and the health of the competitors. The challenge for the Commonwealth games organising committee was to ensure that competition remained fair and that athletes were kept safe. The athlete biological passport is a system implemented by the World Anti-Doping Agency directed towards enhancing the identification of those athletes accountable for the misuse of performance-enhancing substances. This article exemplifies which drugs are currently being exploited and how the athlete biological passport has evolved to improve their detection.
Measuring self-differentiation and academic commitment in University students: A case study of education and engineering students
Authors: Human-Vogel Salomé , Rabe Piet
Published: September 2014

More than half of university students in South Africa leave university before they complete their studies. Factors associated with student drop out include poor schooling, lack of fluency in the language of instruction, poor financial support, and inadequate student support services. In the present study, we focus on the way meaningful commitment influences self-regulation, and we draw on the investment model of commitment to examine the hypothesis that commitment will be related to satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and investment size, and that self-differentiation will provide additional predictive power to commitment. Results indicate that satisfaction and self-differentiation only are significant predictors of level of academic commitment. Meaningful commitment is predicted by satisfaction, quality of alternatives, investment, and self-differentiation to a lesser extent. Investment size was associated significantly with self-regulatory behaviours such as setting learning goals, managing studies effectively, and spending more time on studies. The results are discussed in terms of the literature on commitment, self-differentiation, and academic achievement in higher education.
Examining the Complementary Effect of Political Networking Capability With Absorptive Capacity on the Innovative Performance of Emerging-Market Firms
Authors: Kotabe Masaaki , Jiang Crystal X. , Murray Janet Y.
Published: September 2014

By incorporating institutional theory with the dynamic capability perspective, we investigate how emerging-market firms’ organizational capability to acquire resources through political networking with government officials complements their absorptive capacity in enhancing incremental and radical innovations. We further investigate the conditions under which the complementary effect matters. On the basis of a survey of 108 senior executives in China, we find that political networking capability complements absorptive capacity in overcoming resource constraints and organizational disadvantages in enhancing firms’ innovations, and the result is more effective in improving radical rather than incremental innovations. Furthermore, the complementary effect becomes stronger for emerging-market firms’ radical innovations when facing intense competition. We provide theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
C-Rank and its variants: A contribution-based ranking approach exploiting links and content
Authors: Kim Dong-Jin , Lee Sang-Chul , Son Ho-Yong , Kim Sang-Wook , Lee Jae Bum
Published: September 2014

This paper addresses the problem in Web page ranking of effectively combining link and content information with efficiency high enough to be applicable to real-world search engines. Unlike previous surfer models, our approach is based on the viewpoint of a Web page author. Based on this viewpoint, we formulate the concept of contribution score, which indicates the amount to which a term in each page is utilized by other pages. To improve efficiency without loss of effectiveness, we exploit the expectations of both a Web page author and a Web search engine user on retrieval results, and restrict candidate terms that can contribute to other pages to a set of keywords of each page. In this paper, we propose three contribution-based models: C-Rank, PC-Rank and HC-Rank. Experimental results show that C-Rank provides the best precision among the models and is very effective for topic distillation tasks on the .GOV collection in TREC. Most importantly, the proposed models are efficient enough to be applicable to real-world search engines.
Acupoint Stimulation on Weight Reduction for Obesity
Authors: Yeh Mei-Ling , Chu Nain-Feng , Hsu Man-Ying F. , Hsu Chin-Che , Chung Yu-Chu
Published: September 2014

Auricular acupoint stimulation has become a popular weight loss method. However, its efficacy for obesity treatment has not been fully studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 10-week intervention of auricular electrical stimulation combined with auricular acupressure on weight reduction in obese outpatients. In this single-blind randomized sham-controlled study, 134 participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group receiving stimulation at true acupoints, or a sham group receiving stimulation delivered in the same manner but at sham acupoints. Each participant received nutrition counseling by a nutritionist weekly. The results showed significant differences in body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and leptin or adiponectin over time within the group, but not between the groups. This study could not exclude the effect of placebo and dietary consultation. Further study that adds a control group receiving no treatment is therefore needed to confirm the effects of auricular acupressure.
Alternative Payment Models and Academy Advocacy for Future Physician Payment
Authors: Dillon Jane T. , Waguespack Richard W. , Boss Emily F. , Lorenz Robert R. , Weber Randal S.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

The landscape of physician payment is changing, with quality and measures becoming more intertwined with how payment is and will be provided for services. This miniseminar will outline the efforts of our Academy, specifically the Physician Payment Policy Workgroup (3P) and the Ad Hoc Payment Model Workgroup, to prepare members for the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, so that otolaryngologists have the tools to participate in diverse payment systems. Topics include new public and private payment models including bundling and the importance of measures in the future of quality and payment initiatives.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Discuss payment models as they relate to health care reform initiatives, new payment models, and Academy efforts to prepare members for changes in reimbursement. (2) Describe how existing measure sets (adult sinusitis and acute otitis externa) were developed for otolaryngology, tracking, and reporting and how these measures affect reimbursement. (3) Recognize the Academy's efforts to interact and collaborate with public and private payers related to alternative payment model options and opportunities for otolaryngologists.
Regional Flaps Accessible to Everyone: Regional Reconstruction Revisited
Authors: Patel Urjeet , Hanasono Matthew M. , Richmon Jeremy D. , Hartig Gregory K. , Lin Derrick T.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

The miniseminar will address regional reconstruction of the head and neck, with attention to surgical options available to the general otolaryngologist–head and neck surgeon. The format will include a descriptive portion of both longstanding and emerging reconstructive flap options that are commonly used today. The remainder will be case based, with depiction of commonly encountered wounds or defects followed by an interactive forum to discuss surgical and/or medical strategies for wound management. Audience participation will be encouraged through the Audience Response System to discuss preferred surgical strategies.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Describe recent advances of commonly used regional flaps for head and neck reconstruction: pectoralis, submental, supraclavicular flaps, temporoparietal, facial artery mucosal muscle, and trapezius. (2) Cite the indications and contraindications for each flap, with consideration of location and size of defect, mobility, and prior irradiation. (3) Incorporate the information provided to develop an algorithmic approach to wound management using regional flaps with awareness of their use and limitations.
Salvage Laryngectomy, Decision Making to Optimize the Result: Neck Dissection? Salivary Bypass? Flap‐Assisted Closure?
Authors: Chepeha Douglas B. , Gilbert Ralph W. , Patel Urjeet
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

How does a surgeon decide to optimize the outcome after performing a salvage laryngectomy? The goal of this miniseminar is to help the surgeon understand the decision‐making process for the reconstruction of the hypopharynx after salvage laryngectomy using evidence from 2 large national retrospective reviews. In addition, the role of withholding neck dissection to reduce morbidity will be discussed. Substantial time will be left at the end of the presentation to discuss specific case examples and have the faculty discuss perioperative and postoperative management.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Cite the current evidence for flap‐assisted closure for patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy. (2) Evaluate the risks and benefits of performing neck dissection for salvage patients. (3) Use case examples to demonstrate management relating to choice for neck dissection, use of the salivary bypass tube, and choice of flap‐assisted reconstruction.
Surgical Management of the Patient with Facial Paralysis
Authors: Wax Mark K. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Fedok Fred G. , Wang Tom D.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Patients with facial nerve paralysis suffer significant cosmetic and functional morbidity. Most of these patients eventually require the attention of the facial plastic reconstructive surgeon. Management of the eye involves both loading the upper eyelid and tightening the lower eyelid. Mid‐face reconstruction can be addressed by either dynamic sling using a temporalis muscle or adynamic with acellular suspension. The advantages and risks associated with the procedures and the operative results of these techniques will be discussed by the panel. Each panelist will present their preferred method of rehabilitation with case scenarios to explore subtleties of each surgical approach.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Upon completion of this session, the attendee will be able to determine the management of the upper and lower eyelid complex. (2) Attendees will be able to discuss the differences in dynamic and adynamic reconstruction of the lower face. (3) Attendees will be able to manage the nasal airway in patients with facial nerve paralysis.
Technical Pearls in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Pribitkin Edmund A. , Mobley Steven R. , Humphrey Clinton D. , Hamilton Grant S.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Four experienced rhinoplasty surgeons divulge their 3 techniques that prove useful in almost every case. Every component of rhinoplasty will be covered systematically with tips being offered on the straight dorsum, functional middle vault, and the refined tip. Videos or step‐by‐step photographs will enable attendees to quickly grasp how and when to use these maneuvers to consistently improve their patient outcomes. Topics to be covered include grafts in rhinoplasty made easy, management of the lateral crus, ultrasonic sculpting of the dorsum, suture fixation techniques revisited, and critical closing steps.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Employ suture techniques such as medial crural fixation stitch and upper lateral cartilage suspension sutures to maintain tip projection and middle vault competency, respectively. (2) Select cartilage grafts that camouflage defects, reinforce projection, and maintain the nasal airway. (3) Choose appropriate tip refinement techniques to consistently improve patient outcomes.
American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Core Miniseminar: Building Research into Your Practice
Authors: Bleier Benjamin S. , Gubbles Samuel , St. John Maie , Cheng Alan G. , Tan Bruce K. , Sikora Andrew G.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

This course is sponsored by the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery CORE Grants program and is designed to provide a practical, “nuts and bolts” guide to incorporating research into your otolaryngology practice. A diverse group of experienced surgeon‐scientists will cover all of the relevant topics from how to choose a project, get funding, publish your work, patent your ideas, and more. Whether you are looking to begin a small clinical study or embark on a career in research, this miniseminar will provide you with the tools to avoid common pitfalls and make your research a successful and rewarding experience.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Design a rewarding research project based on your interests, resources, and time. (2) Market your research idea in order to get funding and successfully publish your findings. (3) Determine when and if you should patent your ideas and how to work with industry to bring your research into the clinic.
Avoiding the Deadly Sins of Humanitarian Missions: How to Do Good Better
Authors: McMains Kevin C. , Isaacson Glenn C. , Netterville James L. , Wagner Richard
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Humanitarian surgical trips provide an opportunity to deliver care that would otherwise be unavailable. However, there is significant variability among humanitarian missions. This variability has contributed to some unfortunate patient outcomes. This miniseminar will explore “deadly sins” common to medical humanitarian efforts and issues that are unique to surgical humanitarian missions. Panelists with extensive humanitarian experience will discuss available data and areas with a lack of data concerning humanitarian efforts. Best practices will be discussed with respect to appropriate standard of care, duration, follow‐up, research, role of the media, and integration with local care systems.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Critically evaluate the existing literature and identify gaps in knowledge regarding humanitarian efforts in otolaryngology. (2) Recognize “best practices” including appropriate standard of care, duration, follow‐up, conduct of research, role of the media, and integration with local care systems. (3) Critically evaluate and devise methods to improve existing humanitarian efforts in otolaryngology.
Decision Making in the Precarious Airway
Authors: Johnson Jonas T. , Kost Karen M. , Goldenberg David
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Otolaryngologists are familiar with the available techniques for establishing an airway. In elective procedures with an anticipated difficult airway, the surgeon, anesthetist, and other members of the team may establish a clear plan of action in the controlled setting of the operating room. Upper airway obstruction may present as a life‐threatening emergency in which quick action is essential and discussion time is limited. Some of these cases are extraordinarily challenging. In this miniseminar, we present the options available for establishing an airway through cases in which “standard” plans of action required modification to achieve a successful outcome.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Recognize what makes an airway “difficult.” (2) Weigh the options available for establishing a precarious airway. (3) Establish a decision‐making process through case presentations.
ICD‐10: Implementation Delayed but Not Eliminated—AAO‐HNS Urges Continued Preparation
Authors: Waguespack Richard W. , Lorenz Robert R. , Boyton Angela A.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

One of the biggest transitions the healthcare industry has historically ever experienced is around the corner with the ICD‐10 implementation deadline less than one week away. As many physician practices finish up last steps for preparation it is important to anticipate errors that may result in delayed payment. This miniseminar focuses on potential problems and the preemptive plans to have in place with your payers along with reactive steps you should take as a provider to quickly resolve these issues and keep your practice running. Learn about practices that have experience with the best ways to handle reimbursement delays.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Understand how the proper steps can lessen impact of implementation to ICD‐10 on your practice. (2) Learn about steps that payers are taking to facilitate communication with providers to avoid issues that they are anticipating providers may experience with the transition. (3) Learn about key resources offered through the Academy, the physician community, and from private payers to help you with transition to ICD‐10.
Scary Cases 2014
Authors: Platt Michael P. , Emerick Kevin S. , Murr Andrew H. , Chong Cathy D. , Volk Mark S. , Jackler Robert K. , Soler Zachary
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

The Scary Cases 2014 miniseminar uses a case‐base, interactive approach to providing education in patient care and risk management. Exceptionally scary cases presented by well‐known experts and community‐based clinicians will focus on what could or has gone wrong in the management of otolaryngology patients. Each expert will present a specific case that was difficult to manage, had unexpected morbidity, or resulted in litigation. Attendees will participate using the Audience Response System for key decisions during the case. Difficult cases are often great sources of learning. This miniseminar will provide education on how to anticipate and avoid unwanted outcomes.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Describe potential pitfalls inherent to the practice of otolaryngology that may lead to adverse outcomes or put patients at excessive risk. (2) Recognize legal principles of medical malpractice and learn ways to minimize risk of malpractice in the everyday practice of otolaryngology.
Wow! That's a Lot of Blood: Expert Management of Epistaxis
Authors: Poetker David M. , Reh Douglas D. , Woodworth Bradford A. , Sautter Nathan B. , Ross Douglas A. , Piccirillo Jay F.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Epistaxis management is rarely discussed in comprehensive detail, and we feel this topic is grossly underrepresented at the annual meeting. Our goal is to thoroughly discuss current epistaxis treatment techniques used by a panel of experts. Each panelist will review personal experience with current advanced management techniques, emphasizing supporting data and best evidence. Modalities discussed include advanced endoscopic techniques, electrosurgical and plasma cautery, directed vessel ligation, endovascular embolization, and large vessel patching for a wide range of scenarios including anterior and posterior epistaxis as well as large vessel hemorrhage. Special considerations such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia will also be discussed.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Describe the current therapies available to the otolaryngologist to treat epistaxis. (2) Recognize the strengths and weaknesses of each therapy for epistaxis. (3) Implement the various therapies for epistaxis.
Cancer, Canker Sores, and More: High‐Risk Oral Cavity Lesions
Authors: Wang Steven J. , Sciubba James J. , Silverman Sol , Califano Joseph , Richmon Jeremy D.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

The myriad lesions that present in the oral cavity can stymie even the most astute otolaryngologist. These may span from the most benign, such as recurrent canker sores, to more ominous malignancies, often with very similar appearances. Furthermore, various systemic illnesses such as Sjogren disease, lichen planus, Crohn disease, lupus, and nutritional deficiencies may present with vexing oral cavity lesions. This evidence‐based miniseminar supported by the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Head and Neck Surgery & Oncology Committee will explore the differential diagnoses, workup, and management of a spectrum of oral lesions as well as early‐stage oral cavity cancer.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Describe and identify some of the more unusual oral conditions that present to the otolaryngologist. (2) Identify signs and symptoms of systemic illness in the oral cavity. (3) Examine the management of premalignant oral lesions, the role for screening and biopsy, and the appropriate workup and surgical management of early oral cancer.
Contemporary Update on Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: Technique, Outcomes, and Quality of Life
Authors: El‐Sayed Ivan H. , Hanna Ehab Y. N. , Snyderman Carl H. , Kupferman Michael E. , Rosen Marc , Devaiah Anand K. , Gil Ziv
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Endoscopic approaches to the skull base are being used with increasing frequency in tertiary care centers and in community settings. This miniseminar aims to clarify the current status of endoscopic skull base surgery. The evolving trends have led to controversies regarding the extent of endoscopic resections and utilization for malignancies. The panelists will review surgical techniques, contemporary surgical outcomes for paranasal sinus and spheno‐clival cancers, disease‐specific approaches, and quality of life after endoscopic surgery.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Recognize the role of endoscopic surgery in the management of skull base malignancies. (2) Describe the technical aspects of expanded endonasal surgical approaches to skull base tumors. (3) Assess the impact of endoscopic surgery on quality of life for skull base tumors.
Controversies in Robotic Surgery
Authors: Genden Eric M. , Moore Eric J. , Pfister David P. , Brandwein‐Gensler Margaret , O'Sullivan Brian
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has become a popular approach for management of oropharyngeal carcinoma. The miniseminar will be organized as a tumor board panel staffed with a head and neck surgeon, radiation oncologist, medical oncologist, and pathologist. Two cases will be presented to highlight 3 controversial topics: (1) What are acceptable surgical margins and does human papillomavirus (HPV) status affect margin status? (2) Following TORS with negative margins, does the primary site require radiotherapy and does HPV status affect that decision? (3) How do “poor prognostic factors” affect decisions regarding adjuvant therapy, radiation dose, and treatment fields?

Educational Objectives:

(1) Differentiate the pathologic characters of HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative tumors and demonstrate how this finding affects treatment margins. (2) Explain the indication for treating the primary site after TORS resection. (3) Recognize impact of poor prognostic factors of adjuvant therapy decisions, including treatment dose.
The Human Papillomavirus Head and Neck Cancer Epidemic: What You Need to Know
Authors: Gourin Christine G. , St. John Maie , Mendez Eduardo , Quon Harry , Lango Miriam N.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated head and neck cancer is an epidemic striking a younger and healthier population without the usual risk factors for head and neck cancer. Most patients have an excellent prognosis following treatment with surgery or chemoradiation, and the sequela of long‐term morbidity from treatment is of increasing concern as patients are expected to live long enough to experience complications. Failure to identify a subset of patients at high risk for metastasis, recurrence, and decreased survival can lead to undertreatment and poor outcomes. This miniseminar will discuss the epidemiology, workup, treatment, and surveillance of HPV‐positive head and neck cancer.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Describe features of HPV‐positive head and neck cancer. (2) Recognize the role of surgical and nonsurgical therapy in the treatment of HPV‐positive head and neck cancer. (3) Explain the indications for adjuvant treatment in the management of HPV‐positive head and neck cancer.
Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: State of the Art
Authors: Myers Eugene N. , Lin Jin‐Ching , Twu Chih‐Wen
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct and important cancer of the head and neck. As the incidence is rare in Whites, diagnosis can be challenging. However, ear, nose, and throat specialists should be able to manage NPC; therefore, the aim is to provide the attendee a great opportunity to be familiar with some of the current knowledge of the management of NPC, including using Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) as a biomarker to diagnose and monitor NPC, evolution of treatment guidelines of NPC, and salvage nasopharyngectomy for local recurrence in this miniseminar.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Use EBV as a biomarker to diagnose and monitor patients with NPC. (2) Recognize the evolution and treatment guideline of NPC. (3) Explain the rationale and the various approaches for salvage NPC (open/endoscopic), treatment results, and prognosticators.
New and Emerging Concepts in Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Terris David J. , Tufano Ralph P. , Singer Michael C. , Bumpous Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Diagnosis and management of hyperparathyroidism represents a rapidly changing field in surgery. Much of the change is technologically driven, with the advent of high‐resolution imaging, intraoperative assays, and application of robust neuromonitoring. These have led to a preponderance of targeted, outpatient procedures that have a high rate of success. As the role of the otolaryngologist in treating this condition continues to be established, mastery of fundamental and emerging concepts is essential. This miniseminar will explore the importance of ultrasound, sestamibi, 4‐dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT), and other imaging options as well as proper use of hormone assays, postoperative management techniques, and the recent controversy regarding 4‐gland exploration.

Educational Objectives:

(1) To become familiar with the latest refinements in parathyroid imaging, including high‐resolution ultrasound, 4D CT scans, and CT‐mibi. (2) To understand the strategy behind focused exploration and the principles promoted by surgeons who routinely perform bilateral neck exploration. (3) To appreciate the nuances of modern postoperative management, including calcium prophylaxis and persistent eucalcemic hyperparathyroidism.
Sialendoscopy: The Beginner's Guide to Success
Authors: Siegel Gordon J. , Schaitkin Barry M. , Zenk Johannes , Eisele David W. , Fritsch Michael H.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Sialendoscopy is a relatively new addition to otolaryngology. It offers the opportunity to work with salivary gland disease with noninvasive procedures that yield potentially superior outcomes to previous techniques. It is exciting but very challenging. This miniseminar is geared toward the beginner. It will give basic techniques and point out potential pitfalls. Additional information will include the appropriate diagnostic workup, operative setting, and patient selection. The interactive format will allow the participant to know if he understands basic techniques and is ready to incorporate sialendoscopy in his practice.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Use basic instrumentation for sialendoscopy. (2) Describe appropriate patient selection for sialendoscopy. (3) Perform sialendoscopy in your practice while recognizing common mistakes and pitfalls.
Thyroid Surgery in Clinical Practice Guidelines, Consensus Statements, and Position Papers: Content, Interpretation, and Limitations
Authors: Shin Jennifer J. , Randolph Gregory W. , Terris David J. , Tufano Ralph P. , Shindo Maisie L. , Lango Miriam N. , Simental Alfred A.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Key aspects of thyroid surgery have been addressed by published clinical practice guidelines, consensus statements, and position papers from the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO‐HSNF), the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS), and the American Thyroid Association (ATA). This miniseminar efficiently presents these society publications, focusing on their content, interpretation, and limitations. Specific topics include surgery for invasive carcinoma, imaging selection, improving postoperative voice outcomes, nerve monitoring, outpatient surgery, and goiter management. These documents will also be used to highlight the important overall differences between practice guidelines, consensus statements, and position papers and their respective influence on clinical decisions.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Differentiate between a clinical practice guideline, clinical consensus statement, and position paper. (2) Analyze the content, interpretation, and limitations of the key publications sponsored by the AAO‐HNSF, AHNS, and ATA regarding the management of thyroid surgical disease.
All That's Red Isn't Reflux: Getting Smarter about Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Akst Lee M. , Bock Jonathan M. , Carroll Thomas L. , Lintzenich Catherine R. , Sulica Lucian
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

This miniseminar will provide a critical, evidence‐based review of current practice regarding laryngopharyngeal reflux with focus on improving patient care. Current paradigms often yield uncertain diagnosis, while prolonged treatment and/or extensive testing are time‐consuming and costly, have side effects, and yield equivocal benefit in many cases. Through focus on strengths and weaknesses of various diagnostic strategies and with knowledge of current practice patterns, this miniseminar hopes to identify best practices for evaluation of presumed laryngopharyngeal reflux. This miniseminar aims to recall otolaryngologists to a broader patient‐based perspective and refocus attention on better evaluation for complaints possibly related to laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Discuss current otolaryngology practice patterns for patients with presumed reflux disease. (2) Compare the strengths and weaknesses of common approaches to reflux diagnosis such as history, examination, response to empiric proton‐pump inhibitor trial, and objective reflux testing. (3) Identify current best practices in otolaryngology care of presumed laryngopharyngeal reflux.
Clinical Dilemmas: The Radiated Larynx
Authors: Merati Albert L. , McWhorter Andrew J. , Johns Michael M. , Pryor Jan , Allen Clint T.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Airway, voice, and swallowing complaints following radiation present some of the most challenging clinical dilemmas in otolaryngology. This practice‐based minisemiar will bridge current scientific knowledge about radiation and its impact on the larynx with decades of clinical experience dealing with vocal fold lesions, vocal fold paralysis, airway obstruction, dysphagia, and chondroradionecrosis of the larynx. Succinct, highly focused presentations on these topics will aim for the shared objective of distilling key elements of clinical care issues that occur in the radiated larynx. Real‐life cases will be presented. Panelists are challenged to provide practical advice for the management of this patient population.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Explain the pathophysiology of laryngeal injury following radiation therapy, specifically as it relates to chondroradionecrosis. (2) Examine the limitations that prior radiation places on the otolaryngologist caring for patients with vocal fold lesions and paralysis. (3) Incorporate state‐of‐the‐art surgical and therapeutic options available for airway and swallowing rehabilitation in the radiated larynx.
Injection Laryngoplasty 2014: Indications, Techniques, and Pitfalls in Modern Vocal Fold Augmentation
Authors: Bock Jonathan M. , Klein Adam M. , Francis David O. , Rubin Adam D. , McWhorter Andrew J.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Injection laryngoplasty has a long history in vocal fold augmentation, and its use continues to evolve in otolaryngology. This miniseminar will provide a contemporary update on the indications, injectable materials, operative techniques, and potential pitfalls of injection laryngoplasty in modern otolaryngology practice. Particular attention will be paid to the latest developments in injection materials and office‐based injection techniques for the general otolaryngologist. In addition, the presentation will include case presentations of pitfalls in injection laryngoplasty with a candid discussion of the inherent risks and possible mistakes that can be made with this technique and how to avoid them.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Define the various indications for injection laryngoplasty in modern otolaryngology practice and recognize the benefits and controversies of currently available injection materials for laryngoplasty. (2) Compare the benefits and indications for clinic or office‐based injection techniques, including thorough descriptions of clinic‐based injection techniques. (3) Recognize potential patient care risks with injection laryngoplasty and methods to avoid or ameliorate these risks.
Aural Full and Otogenic Pain Redux
Authors: Micco Alan G. , Megerian Cliff A. , Toh Elizabeth H. , Angeli Simon I.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Otogenic pain and aural fullness can be some of the more frustrating chief complaints to work up and address. Many patients with this complaint are frustrated with lack of diagnosis and treatment. This leads to multiple visits in search of the answer to their affliction. In this miniseminar, our panel of experts will continue their discussion on how to evaluate and treat these difficult patients. Paradigms for management of these patients will be discussed. Case presentations will highlight proper workup and management of these confusing cases. Sponsored by the Otology and Neurotology Education Committee.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Describe pathologies that may cause otogenic pain or aural fullness. (2) Conduct workup paradigms to avoid missing potentially dangerous processes. (3) Examine possible treatments for the various pathologies.
Cholesteatoma Surgery: An Update
Authors: Jung Timothy T. K. , Brackmann Derald E. , Dornhoffer John L. , McKenna Michael J. , Pothier David D. , Roland Peter S.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

The goals of cholesteatoma surgery are the complete removal of disease while minimizing the risk of recurrence. A secondary goal is to optimize postoperative hearing. This miniseminar features distinguished experts in the field who will present well‐established methods of cholesteatoma surgery. Important topics, such as intact‐canal‐wall versus canal‐wall‐down surgery, recurrence prevention, use of cartilage, and management of labyrinthine fistula will then be discussed in a case‐based format. The role of endoscopes and use of magnetic resonance imaging for detection of recurrence will be discussed. Finally, ossiculoplasty techniques will be presented.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Perform cholesteatoma surgery as practiced by experts in the field. (2) Examine advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic techniques. (3) Incorporate various methods for preventing recurrence.
Endoscopic Ear Surgery: Tips and Pearls
Authors: Nogueira João F. , Tarabichi Muaaz , Marchioni Daniele , Presutti Livio , Pothier David D.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Endoscopic ear surgery (EES) is a current hot topic in our specialty; however, it is not entirely correct to introduce EES as “new.” Although not new, it is clear that during the past few years, endoscopes have proven to be safe and effective instruments to manage ear diseases in a minimally invasive way, preserving important anatomic structures, allowing functional approaches to well‐known conditions. Moreover, endoscopes have provided a better view and understanding of traditional middle ear anatomy and physiology, allowing new landmarks, novel concepts of tissue preservation, ventilation routes, and management of other conditions within the middle ear and beyond.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Describe the endoscopic anatomy of the middle and inner ears, discussing the concepts of related physiology. (2) Examine totally endoscopic and combined surgical approaches to middle ear conditions, discussing the possible advantages and disadvantages. (3) Present the instruments needed, system setup, surgical skills, learning curve, and also some important tips and pearls to surgeons to start doing endoscopic ear surgery.
Managing Complications of Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Bojrab Dennis I. , Gurgel Richard K. , Isaacson Brandon , Bennett Marc L. , Smouha Eric E. , Crawford James V.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Chronic otitis media is a condition commonly encountered by otolaryngologists. During this miniseminar, we will cover the fundamentals of managing chronic otitis media, medically and surgically, in a case‐based, interactive format. Particular emphasis will be given on how to recognize, evaluate, and avoid or treat common complications of chronic otitis media. Specifically, the presentation will include the following topics: managing the tegmen and dura, facial nerve, vascular injury, otic capsule, and ossicular erosion; recurrent disease; and intracranial complications. This presentation will assist the otologic surgeon in the pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative care of patients with chronic otitis media.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Recognize the most common complications of chronic otitis media. (2) Interpret critical findings that will alert the clinician to the presence of a complication from chronic otitis media. (3) Implement management strategies that will assist in the care of patients with chronic otitis media with attention to intraoperative findings.
Managing the Unexpected in Otologic Surgery
Authors: Monfared Ashkan , Blevins Nikolas H. , Lalwani Anil K. , Lustig Lawrence R. , Tucci Debara L.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Sponsored by the American Neurotology Society, this interactive presentation aims to provide general practitioners tips and techniques employed by experts in management of intraoperative complications encountered during common otology cases such as tympanoplasty, tympanomastoidectomy, and stapedotomy. The panelists will present illustrative cases and discuss best practice approaches to intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and encephaloceles, facial nerve injury, vascular complications, stapedotomy challenges, ossicular chain and external auditory canal damage, and inner ear violation.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Recognize unexpected circumstances and anatomic variations that could lead to complications in otologic surgery. (2) Manage intraoperative complications such as facial nerve palsy, vascular injury, encephaloceles, CSF leaks, postoperative sensorineural hearing loss, and vertigo.
The Martha Entenmann Tinnitus Research Center, Inc: Abraham Shulman, MD; and Barbara Goldstein, PhD; “Tinnitus Treatment Modalities and Neuromodulation: State of the Art 2014”
Authors: Hoffer Michael E. , Seidman Michael D. , Shulman Abraham , Tyler Richard , Langguth Berthold , Kleinjung Tobias
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

A neurobiology for all clinical types of tinnitus is emerging reflecting advances in the basic science and neuroscience of brain and brain function and the cochleovestibular system. As tinnitus types begin to be objectively identified, treatment modalities can be applied in a more precise manner. The goal of this miniseminar is to examine new and existing tinnitus treatment specifically in reference to how to apply these techniques for the different tinnitus types. Surgery, intratympanic treatment, neuromodulation, and magnetic stimulation will all be examined, allowing the participants to understand the cutting edge of tinnitus therapy.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Cite the clinically applicable methods of tinnitus treatment. (2) Determine the rationale for selection of modality(ies) of treatment based on objective identification. (3) Describe the variety of tinnitus types that can now be diagnosed in an objective manner.
Putting a New Spin on Things: Evidence‐Based Management of Geriatric Dizziness
Authors: Agrawal Yuri , McKinnon Brian J. , Rubin Allan M. , Wetmore Stephen J.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Dizziness and balance problems are very common in older adults. These problems can be vexing to manage for the otolaryngologist given that symptoms are often nonspecific, and multiple vestibular and nonvestibular factors are typically involved. In this miniseminar sponsored by the Geriatric Otolaryngology and Equilibrium Committees, we will review the latest evidence on how vestibular function changes with age and how this affects mobility and falls risk in older adults. We will discuss a practical, evidence‐based approach to identifying important vestibular and nonvestibular contributing factors (eg, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in elderly patients, orthostatic hypotension, specific medications), and strategies for managing these factors.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Describe multiple contributing factors to dizziness in older adults. (2) Explain how vestibular function changes with aging and how this affects mobility and falls risk. (3) Enhance the diagnosis and management of vestibular dysfunction in older adults.
Sudden Hearing Loss: Evidence‐Based Management and the Latest in Research
Authors: Chandrasekhar Sujana S. , Saunders James , Vambutas Andrea , Schwartz Seth R.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Sudden hearing loss is a complex, frightening condition with a number of possible causes and treatments. There is exciting new research with immediate clinical application. This miniseminar will provide a Clinical Practice Guidelines–based review of targeted evaluation and treatment options and a detailed look at current research, particularly for the problem of the patient with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) who does not respond to first‐ or second‐line treatments.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Demonstrate an evidence‐based strategy for workup, evaluation, and counseling of the patient with SSNHL. (2) Compare existing treatment modalities using the available evidence and offer the appropriate treatment for the patient. (3) Recognize the latest research in treating other treatment‐resistant SSNHL.
Temporal Bone Radiology: Beyond the Basics
Authors: Monfared Ashkan , Taheri M. Reza , Gurgel Richard K. , Blevins Nikolas H. , Jackler Robert K.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Through this interactive presentation, the audience is exposed to challenging temporal bone radiology cases and offered strategies to improve their interpretation. We will cover key findings for chronic ear disease and conductive hearing loss, lateral skull base lesions, and the petrous apex. The emphasis is placed on subtle but pertinent findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations and their importance in creating and narrowing a differential diagnoses. We will present guidelines to aid in the efficient acquisition and interpretation of imaging for patients with common otologic symptoms such as vertigo, sudden hearing loss, and pulsatile tinnitus.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Interpret key radiographic findings for common pathologic conditions of the temporal bone. (2) Order appropriate radiographic tests to evaluate common conditions and understand the strengths and limitations of various imaging modalities.
Understanding the Dizzying Array of Diagnostic Dizziness Tests
Authors: Hoffer Michael E. , Bhansali Sanjay , Hornibrook Jeremy , Agrawal Yuri , Kuhn Jeffery J. , Adams Meredith E.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

The “dizzy” patient can be a diagnostic challenge. Symptoms can be nonspecific and result from numerous etiologies. While most otolaryngologists realize that a complete and accurate history provides the basis for the diagnosis and management of balance disorders, the use and diagnostic significance of balance tests can be unclear. In this miniseminar, we will discuss the use and interpretation of a variety of balance tests including electrocorticography, vestibular evoked myogenic potential, videonystagmography testing, rotational chair testing, head impulse tests, and posturography. The goal of this miniseminar is to educate and discuss the use of these tests in a modern practice.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Identify history and physical examination findings that indicate the need for further diagnostic testing. (2) Decide which balance tests to order when further testing is necessary. (3) Interpret balance function testing for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.
New Concepts in Pediatric Otolaryngology: A Video Forum
Authors: Zdanski Carlton J. , Parikh Sanjay R. , Goudy Steven L. , Hartnick Christopher J. , Roy Soham , Rutter Michael J. , White David R.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

In this state‐of‐the‐art miniseminar, 7 experts will share video‐based examples of new ideas in pediatric otolaryngology. New knowledge, techniques, and outcomes for emerging concepts will be discussed while ample opportunity for audience questions and answers will be provided. Steven L. Goudy: endoscopic‐assisted pharyngeal surgery. Christopher J. Hartnick: optical coherence tomography in the operating room; differentiating cysts from nodules. Sanjay R. Parikh: drug‐induced sleep endoscopy: technique and findings. Soham Roy: mechanical models of operating room airway fires. Michael J. Rutter: slide tracheoplasty for difficult tracheoesophageal fistula. David R. White: a new understanding of congenital nasal stenosis. Carlton J. Zdanski: transoral robotic surgery: pearls and pitfalls.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Characterize novel ideas for pediatric airway surgery techniques and concepts. (2) Prevent airway fires during surgery. (3) Practice novel techniques for understanding pediatric sleep apnea evaluation.
SSAC Spotlight Series: Button Battery Injuries: 2014 Task Force Update
Authors: Jacobs Ian N. , Jatana Kris R. , Litovitz Toby , Boyce Kenneth P.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

More than 3500 battery ingestions occur each year in the United States. Over the past 8 years, the number of moderate to severe injuries has increased, including fatalities. A multidisciplinary national button battery task force was set up in 2012 under the American Broncho‐Esophagological Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics with the overall mission of reducing button battery injuries in children. This miniseminar aims to outline the current status of the problem, insights into clinical management algorithms, industry involvement, product safety standards, and educational outreach activities. All task force activities will be discussed.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Discuss the incidence of button battery ingestions, mechanisms of injury, clinical presentation, and common household sources of button batteries. (2) Implement treatment algorithms and be able to recognize immediate and delayed complications. (3) Implement solutions with industry collaboration and educational outreach efforts to prevent future button battery injuries.