bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forward and inverse modeling of water flow in unsaturated soils with discontinuous hydraulic conductivities using physics-informed neural networks with domain decomposition
Authors: Bandai Toshiyuki , Ghezzehei Teamrat A.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Modeling water flow in unsaturated soils is vital for describing various hydrological and ecological phenomena. Soil water dynamics is described by well-established physical laws (Richardson–Richards equation – RRE). Solving the RRE is difficult due to the inherent nonlinearity of the processes, and various numerical methods have been proposed to solve the issue. However, applying the methods to practical situations is very challenging because they require well-defined initial and boundary conditions. Recent advances in machine learning and the growing availability of soil moisture data provide new opportunities for addressing the lingering challenges. Specifically, physics-informed machine learning allows both the known physics and data-driven modeling to be taken advantage of. Here, we present a physics-informed neural network (PINN) method that approximates the solution to the RRE using neural networks while concurrently matching available soil moisture data. Although the ability of PINNs to solve partial differential equations, including the RRE, has been demonstrated previously, its potential applications and limitations are not fully known. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of PINNs and carefully tested the accuracy of the solutions by comparing them with analytical solutions and accepted traditional numerical solutions. We demonstrated that the solutions by PINNs with adaptive activation functions are comparable with those by traditional methods. Furthermore, while a single neural network (NN) is adequate to represent a homogeneous soil, we showed that soil moisture dynamics in layered soils with discontinuous hydraulic conductivities are correctly simulated by PINNs with domain decomposition (using separate NNs for each unique layer). A key advantage of PINNs is the absence of the strict requirement for precisely prescribed initial and boundary conditions. In addition, unlike traditional numerical methods, PINNs provide an inverse solution without repeatedly solving the forward problem. We demonstrated the application of these advantages by successfully simulating infiltration and redistribution constrained by sparse soil moisture measurements. As a free by-product, we gain knowledge of the water flux over the entire flow domain, including the unspecified upper and bottom boundary conditions. Nevertheless, there remain challenges that require further development. Chiefly, PINNs are sensitive to the initialization of NNs and are significantly slower than traditional numerical methods.
Dynamic and sliding mode control of space netted pocket system capturing and attitude maneuver non-cooperative target
Authors: Tang Chao , Huang Zhuoran , Wei Cheng , Zhao Yang
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Similar to a space flying net, the capture field of the space
netted pocket system is large and it can be applied to capture space
non-cooperative targets flexibly. To maintain the stability of the space
netted pocket system, eight inflatable rods are used as the supporting
structure of the net surface. In this paper, a space netted pocket system is
designed and modeled. Based on ANCF (absolute nodal coordinate formulation),
a dynamic model of the complex space rope net system is established, and
then an accurate model of closing rope considering the variable length is
derived by introducing mass flow element. A double closed-loop sliding
control method is designed to maintain the stable attitude of the service
spacecraft. An extended observer is applied to estimate and compensate for
the disturbances due to the uncertainty of the contact and flexibility in
the system. Finally, the dynamic model and control method is verified
through the simulation of the virtual prototype. Results show that the
service spacecraft can maintain the attitude stability during target
captured process and can track the desired angle during attitude maneuver.
The flexible deformation and collision cause great disturbance to the
service spacecraft, and the extended observer can improve the control
accuracy from 10−3 to 10−4.
Permafrost saline water and Early to Mid-Holocene permafrost aggradation in Svalbard
Authors: Rotem Dotan , Lyakhovsky Vladimir , Christiansen Hanne Hvidtfeldt , Harlavan Yehudit , Weinstein Yishai
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Deglaciation in Svalbard was followed-up by seawater ingression and the deposition of marine (deltaic) sediments in fjord valleys, while elastic rebound resulted in fast land uplift and the exposure of these sediment to the atmosphere, therefore the formation of epigenetic permafrost. This was then followed by the accumulation of aeolian sediments, which froze syngenetically. The permafrost was drilled in the east Adventdalen valley, Svalbard, 3–4 km from the maximum up-valley reach of post-deglaciation seawater ingression, and its ground ice was measured for chemistry. While ground ice in the syngenetic part is basically fresh the epigenetic part reveals a frozen fresh-saline water interface (FSI), with chloride concentrations increasing from the top of the epigenetic part (depth of 5.5 m) to about 15 % that of seawater at 11 m. We applied a one-dimensional freezing model in order to examine the rate of top-down permafrost aggradation, which could accommodate with the observed frozen FSI. The model examined permafrost development under different scenarios of mean average air temperature, water-freezing temperature and the degree of pore-water freezing. We found that even at the relatively high temperatures of the Early to mid-Holocene, permafrost could aggrade quite fast, e.g. down to 15 to 33 m in 200 years, therefore allowing freezing of the fresh-saline water interface despite of the relatively fast rebound rate and the resultant increase in topographic gradients toward the sea. This could be aided by non-complete pore water freezing, which possibly lead to slightly faster aggradation, resulting in the freezing of the entire marine section at that location (23 m) within less than 200 years. We conclude that freezing should have occurred immediately after the exposure of the marine sediment to atmospheric conditions.
Representation of soil hydrology in permafrost regions may explain large part of inter-model spread in simulated Arctic and subarctic climate
Authors: de Vrese Philipp , Georgievski Goran , Gonzalez Rouco Jesus Fidel , Notz Dirk , Stacke Tobias , Steinert Norman Julius , Wilkenskjeld Stiig , Brovkin Victor
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The current generation of Earth system models exhibits large inter-model differences in the simulated climate of the Arctic and subarctic zone, with differences in model structure and parametrizations being one of the main sources of uncertainty. One particularly challenging aspect in modelling is the representation of terrestrial processes in permafrost-affected regions, which are often governed by spatial heterogeneity far below the resolution of the models' land surface components. Here, we use the MPI Earth System model to investigate how different plausible assumptions for the representation of the permafrost hydrology modulate the land-atmosphere interactions and how the resulting feedbacks affect not only the regional and global climate, but also our ability to predict whether the high latitudes will become wetter or drier in a warmer future. Focusing on two idealized setups that induce comparatively "wet" or "dry" conditions in regions that are presently affected by permafrost, we find that the parameter settings determine the direction of the 21st-century trend in the simulated soil water content and result in substantial differences in the land-atmosphere exchange of energy and moisture. The latter leads to differences in the simulated cloud cover and thus in the planetary energy uptake. The respective effects are so pronounced that uncertainties in the representation of the Arctic hydrological cycle can help to explain a large fraction of the inter-model spread in regional surface temperatures and precipitation. Furthermore, they affect a range of components of the Earth system as far to the south as the tropics. With both setups being similarly plausible, our findings highlight the need for more observational constraints on the permafrost hydrology to reduce the inter-model spread in Arctic climate projections.
Modelled 3D calving at Kronebreen, Svalbard, driven by tidal fluctuations and frontal melt
Authors: Holmes Felicity Alice , van Dongen Eef , Noormets Riko , Pętlicki Michał , Kirchner Nina
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Understanding calving processes and their controls is of importance for reducing uncertainty in sea level rise estimates. The impact of tidal fluctuations and frontal melt on calving patterns has been researched through both modelling and observational studies, but remain uncertain and may vary from glacier to glacier. In this study, we isolate various different impacts of tidal fluctuations on a glacier terminus to understand their influence on calving dynamics at Kronebreen, Svalbard, for the duration of one month. In addition, we impose frontal melt onto the calving front in order to allow for an undercut to develop over the course of the simulations. We find that calving events show a tidal signal when there is a small or no undercut but, after a critical point, undercut driven calving becomes dominant and drowns out the tidal signal. However, the relationship is complex and large calving events show a tidal signal even with a large modelled undercut. The modelled undercut sizes are then compared to observational profiles, showing that undercuts of up to c. 25 m are plausible. These findings highlight the complex interactions occurring at the calving front of Kronebreen and suggest further observational data and modelling work is needed to fully understand the hierarchy of controls on calving.
High-Reynolds-number wind turbine blade equipped with root spoilers – Part 2: Impact on energy production and turbine lifetime
Authors: Potentier Thomas , Guilmineau Emmanuel , Finez Arthur , Le Bourdat Colin , Braud Caroline
Published: August 2022

Abstract. A wind turbine blade equipped with root spoilers is analysed using time domain aeroelastic blade element momentum (BEM) simulations to assess the impact of passive devices on the turbine annual energy production (AEP) and lifetime. Previous 2D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) showed a large unsteadiness in aerodynamic coefficients associated with the spoiler, and such behaviour is captured by the OpenFAST simulations when all degrees of freedom are switched off. Once the turbine is fully flexible, a novel way to account for aerofoil-generated unsteadiness in the fatigue calculation is proposed and detailed. The outcome shows that spoilers, on average, can increase the AEP of the turbine. However, the structural impacts on the turbine can be severe if not accounted for initially in the turbine design.
experiência da imagem na história e na filosofia da ciência
Authors: Marinho Ariadne , Costa Thiago
Published: August 2022

Um dos mais conhecidos nomes na história da filosofia da ciência, sem dúvida, foi o do físico estadunidense Thomas Kuhn. Em 1962, Kuhn publicou The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, um trabalho que repercutiu amplamente, em particular, entre os pesquisadores das ciências humanas e sociais. Em sua obra, o propósito do autor era o de reformular a identidade das ciências naturais e, para isso, recorria à história, sociologia, psicologia e, de certo modo, também à história da arte. Com uma linguagem que privilegiava a experiência visual, afirmava – entre outras coisas – que a arte e a ciência não eram assim tão distantes, embora permanecessem empreendimentos distintos. No entanto, talvez como uma estratégia para demarcar os campos, o filósofo da ciência manifestou uma compreensão convencional acerca do fenômeno artístico. Ora, tanto em sua principal obra quanto no artigo “Comments [about art and Science]” (1969), ignorou as realizações revolucionárias da arte contemporânea – com trabalhos que de fato tensionavam o entendimento tradicional da atividade – e, de igual modo, foi incapaz de perceber a imagem para além da determinação estética. Por extensão, no processo de formulação do conhecimento científico, vinculou a inscrição visual à uma função instrumental e subalterna. Nesse sentido, acompanhamos as reflexões sobre as representações visuais na história da ciência, bem como na filosofia da ciência, com especial destaque para a compreensão de Kuhn. Por fim, apresentamos algumas das perspectivas contemporâneas acerca da imagem e da visualidade em contexto científico. Nota-se que independentemente de seus juízos, as devastadoras implicações do pensamento de Kuhn configuram um dos aspectos que permitiram a reavaliação de práticas e instrumentos ao redor do ofício científico, vale dizer, de expedientes então desconsiderados pelos especialistas. Logo, também da imagem.
Trace-element signatures and U-Pb geochronology of magmatic and hydrothermal titanites from the Petrovitsa Pb-Zn deposit, Madan region, Central Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Authors: Milenkov Georgi , Vassileva Rossitsa , Georgieva Sylvina , Grozdev Valentin , Peytcheva Irena
Published: August 2022

The current study presents new geochronological and geochemical data for the Petrovitsa Pb-Zn deposit, Central Rhodopes, South Bulgaria. Based on in-situ U-Pb dating of titanites from pegmatites and skarnified mineralized marbles, it aims to provide new insights into the pegmatite formation and their relation to the hydrothermal system in the region. Titanite is an abundant accessory mineral in pegmatites and skarns within the Madan ore district. Commonly, it associates with feldspars, epidote, clinopyroxene, chlorite, hematite, zircon, apatite, allanite and monazite in both lithologies. Crystal size varies from 5 μm to 600 μm. The combined analytical approach revealed compositional and age variations of the studied titanites divided into: (i) early formed magmatic; and (ii) later hydrothermal. The magmatic crystals are characterized by mean Th/U of 1.91, Lu/Hf averaging at 0.59, and Dy/Yb of 2.03. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns show LREE dominance over HREE. The average ƩREE is 6548 ppm. The hydrothermal titanites have a mean Th/U of 0.22, Lu/Hf of 1.20, and average Dy/Yb of 1.50. HREE content slightly prevails over LREE. ƩREE is two times lower compared to magmatic titanites – 3388 ppm. Negative Eu-anomaly is common for both types. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology shows a well-defined age distinction of magmatic and hydrothermal titanites. The calculated U-Pb weighted average age for the magmatic titanites is 48.9±2.3 Ма, while the pegmatite-hosted hydrothermal titanites are dated at 39.2±1.5 Ma. The hydrothermal titanites from skarns yield a weighted average age of 37.7±1.3 Ma. Data suggest pegmatite emplacement in the Rhodope metamorphic complex during the late Ypresian. Later hydrothermal fluids precipitated younger titanites with different signature.
Seizures as a Manifestation of Isoniazid Intoxication: A Case Report
Authors: Gautama M Putu Gizha Satrya , Gayatri AAA Yuli
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Isoniazid (INH) intoxication is a serious health problem that can be life-threatening. Acute intoxication manifests as neurological symptoms such as seizures.
Case Illustration: A woman, 27 years old, came to the emergency department with seizures after taking ten tablets (3000 milligrams) of Isoniazid. Laboratory examination showed a severe metabolic acidosis and increased liver function test. The management primarily consists of basic life support, antiseizure, and antidote.
Conclusion: Isoniazid toxicity is associated with a high mortality rate. The first signs and symptoms of isoniazid toxicity may appear within 30 minutes to two hours. Acute toxicity of Isoniazid may manifest as neurological symptoms such as seizures. Management of INH intoxication consists of controlling the life-threatening condition, administering an antidote such as pyridoxine, and symptomatic supportive therapy.

Keywords: Isoniazid, intoxication, seizures
Effect of Mild to Moderate Anemia on HbA1c levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Khandal Dr. Ajay Kumar , Khandal Dr. Usha , Chakradhar Dr. P.
Published: August 2022

Background: Iron deficiency anemia remains a common condition in India and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is commonly being used in diabetic individuals both as a parameter of glycemic control over previous three months and as a diagnostic tool. HbA1c levels have been reported to be altered by the presence of nutritional anemias, hemolytic anemia and variant hemoglobin (Hb) among others. Interestingly, iron deficiency anemia effect on HbA1c levels were not found in many studies. Hence a study is conducted to observe the effects if any in routine clinical practice scenario of mild to moderate anemia on HbA1c.
Methods: sixty Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) patients HbA1c was analyzed with their Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Post Lunch Blood Sugar (PLBS), along with Hemoglobin levels. T2D patients coming for routine follow-up were studied after their consent, with ethical committee clearance. All the parameters were found to have a normal distribution, i.e., they had an acceptable level of skewness — 0.5 to -0.5 -- were then analyzed further with statistical tools viz., Pearson’s correlate and linear regression.
Results: The mean HbA1c was found to be 8.9. Further, the mean Hemoglobin (Hb), FBS and PLBS were: 12.29, 157.9 and 229 respectively. The Pearson’s correlate and linear regression analysis was done. HbA1c correlated well with FBS and PLBS, one tailed significance p value being <0.01 for both FBS and PLBS; but was not found to correlate with Hb: p value 0.146 (not significant).
Conclusions : In the present study representing field scenario, the HbA1c was not correlated with mild anemia but was significantly correlated with FBS and PLBS. Hence in a routine clinical practice scenario the presence of mild anemia didn’t appear to interfere with the HbA1c levels.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, Fasting Blood Sugar, Hemoglobin, Nutritional Anemia, Regression analysis
Stimulating Learning Organisation Through Erasmus+: Youth Organisations in Turkey
Authors: GÖKSEL Asuman
Published: August 2022

Turkey’s full participation in the European Union’s Education and Youth Programmes (i.e., Erasmus+Programme) since 2004 has been one of the ongoing components of Turkey–EU relations. As indicated bythe Director of the National Agency of Turkey in 2021, the programme has supported 700,000 participantsfrom Turkey in 36,000 projects over the course of 17 years. Youth organisations taking part in the learningmobility opportunities of the youth component of the Erasmus+ programme are just one of the programme’smany beneficiaries.In an effort to perform a theoretical analysis of the effects of Erasmus+ on youth organisations in Turkey,this article suggests that owing to their contextual characteristics, youth organisations have the potential totransform into learning organisation stimulated by their involvement in Erasmus+ youth projects. To answerhow Erasmus+ may act as a trigger for this, qualitative data were collected from fifteen youth organisationsfrom Turkey active in the programme and analysed around four components of the integrated model onlearning organisation developed by Örtenblad (2004) (i.e., organisational learning, learning at work, learningclimate and learning structure). The findings suggest that three major factors, namely organisationalconsciousness on learning, participatory mechanisms in the organisation and team-based working structures,are mutually reinforcing characteristics able to help youth organisations transform into learning organisationthrough participation in Erasmus+/YiA training and support activities.
Temporomandibular Joint Conditions in Patients with Craniofacial Microsomia (Literature Review)
Authors: Imshenetskaya N. I. , Lezhnev D. A. , Topol’nitskiy O. Z.
Published: August 2022

Syndromes of I and II gill arches called maxillofacial dysostoses are accompanied by damage of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Craniofacial microsomia is one of the of maxillofacial dysostoses. This syndrome has a number of features associated with clinical manifestations which should be taken into account at steps of the diagnosis and treatment of such patients. The degree of mandibular hypoplasia in this pathology can vary from 0 to 3, and it is inversely proportional to the integrity of the articular disc on the side of the lesion. An increased mechanical load on a healthy joint leads to its dysfunction and dislocation of the articular disc at the healthy side. In addition to hypoplasia of bone structures, craniofacial microsomia is accompanied by subatrophy of masticatory muscles and that in couple leads to malocclusion and myodynamic imbalance. Before drawing up a treatment plan it is necessary to study the state of the TMJ on both sides using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The approach to treatment should be individual, combined, staged, based on the severity of the symptom complex.
DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS A TOOL FOR IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN REGIONAL STRATEGIES
Authors:   St. Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics, Vinogradova Tatiana I.
Published: August 2022

The article presents an analysis of the strategies of socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation (RF) of the North-Western Federal District (NWFD) in terms of using measures based on public-private partnership (PPP) projects to achieve sustainable development goals. It is revealed that the PPP is widely used in regional strategies; the expediency of using the PPP is mentioned. Strategies increasingly include measures to improve the environment in the regions, which are part of programs to create an environment for comfortable and safe living of citizens, and are also focused on the balance of economic, social, infrastructural and environmental development for the self-realization of citizens, meeting their needs and preserving the environment for the next generations, which is consistent with the goals of sustainable development. However, it is the PPP format that is practically not used for projects in the environmental sphere in the socio-economic development strategies. The regional government bodies of the Russian Federation should take into account the PPP to attract funds to achieve sustainable development goals at the regional level through its integration into the socio-economic development strategies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
CALCULATING THE IMPACT OF THE ECONOMIC SHOCK CAUSED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON RUSSIAN REGIONS
Authors:   Institute for Regional Economic Studies Russian Academy of Sciences, Pesotskiy Andrey A. , Meshkov Ivan O. ,   State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR
Published: August 2022

The coronavirus pandemic has shown that previous approaches to the analysis of economic security and the sustainability of the development of states and their regions have not shown the necessary efficiency. In these circumstances, we should turn to the concept of “economic shock”, which characterizes the impact on the global economy caused by restrictive measures at the beginning of the epidemic. The aim of the study is to provide an up-to-date definition of the term “economic shock”, to identify its distinguishing features, to calculate the impact of pandemic shock on the economy of Russian regions (subjects of the Russian Federation) by examining statistical indicators. The economic shock was characterized as a scientific phenomenon different from other destructive influences. The data were analyzed using the principal component method. Correlation coefficients were calculated using the Spearman correlation method. Cluster analysis of observations located in the coordinates of the principal components was carried out using the k-medoid algorithm. For the first direction of the study, the first two principal components captured in total more than 80% of the variation in the raw data. The first component captured 67.4% of the variance of the raw data, while the second component captured 15.7%. Correlation coefficients of the variable (economic indicator of the region) in the first and second components were calculated. Russian regions were divided into clusters based on the degree of damage to the economy from the COVID-19 pandemic – those affected to the greatest extent, the intermediate group, those affected to a lesser extent. The results obtained can be used for further research to identify the factors determining the resilience of various constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the face of a shock. Such research can help to improve the system of monitoring risks and threats at the macro- and meso-levels, to form mechanisms to counteract the sudden impacts of great destructive power.
CIRCULAR MIGRATION: CONCEPTUAL MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS
Authors:   Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sokolova Anastasia A. , Kalachikova Olga N. ,   Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the essence of the circular migration. There was an attempt to define clear criteria which will help to distinguish the circular migration from other return types of migration. An analysis of existing approaches to the concept of circular migration was made; the main methods and data sources for its assessment were investigated. The circular migration definition was revised, the key aspects of the phenomenon were highlighted, on the basis of which a classification of circular migration was proposed. During the research the main types of information sources on the assessment of circular movements were listed, the shortcomings of existing methods for accounting of circular migration were identified, and prospects for further research on this phenomenon were outlined.
Deneysel Diyabet Modeli Oluşturulan Ratlarda Gebelik Süresince Hipokampusta Piramidal Nöron Sayısındaki Değişimin Stereolojik Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: YILDIZ Azize , RAGBETLİ Murat Çetin , ÇÖLÇİMEN Neşe
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Diyabetes mellitus, dünya çapında hızla artan insülin eksikliği ya da insülin direnci sebebiyle oluşan karbonhidrat, lipid ve protein metabolizması bozukluğu ile belirgin yüksek mortalite ve morbiditeye sahip endokrin ve metabolik bir hastalıktır. Hipokampustaki nöronal sistem üzerinde de etkileri olduğu çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızın amacı deneysel diyabet oluşturulan ve normal sıçanlarda, gebelik döneminin her trimesterinde hipokampustaki piramidal nöron sayısına etkilerini stereolojik yöntemlerle değerlendirmektir.

Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma için sıçanlar rastgele olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubu(n:18), Diyabetes Mellitus grubu(n:18); Streptozotosin (STZ) ile deneysel diyabet oluşturulan Diyabetes mellitus grubuna tek doz 45mg/kg Streptozotosin intraperitoneal(i.p) olarak uygulandı. Kontrol grubuna herhangibir işlem uygulanmadı. Uygulamadan 72 saat sonra her iki gruptaki sıçanların açlık kan şekerleri ölçüldü. Diyabet grubunda açlık kan şekeri değeri 200 mg/dl üzerinde olanlar diyabet olarak kabul edildi. Vaginal smear ve vaginal plak izlemi yapılarak gebelik tespiti yapıldı. Gebelik trimester dönemleri olan 7, 14 ve 21. günlerde anestezi altında sıçanlardan beyin dokuları çıkarılarak rutin ışık mikroskobik histolojik takip yapıldı. Her iki grup için sayısal yoğunluk hesaplaması amacıyla fiziksel disektör kesitleri 5 μm kalınlığında her altıncı kesit olmak üzere toplam beş kesit alındı. Kesitler Hematoksilen&Eozin ile boyandı. Işık mikroskobunda incelenerek, fotoğraflandı. Stereolojik incelemede tarafsız sayım çerçevesiyle nöron sayımı yapıldı. İstatistiksel analizde Mann-Whitney U testi kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Stereolojik hesaplamalar sonucunda diyabet ve kontrol grupları arasındaki hipokampal nöron sayısında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı fark bulundu(p
Üç Köklü Mandibular 3. Molar Diş: Nadir Bir Anatomik Varyasyon
Authors: EKİCİ Semih , AYGÜN Danış , AKYER Şahika Pınar , KURBETLİ Nuriye
Published: August 2022

Diş hekimleri, klinikte diş tedavileri sırasında dişin anatomik yapısıyla ilgili çeşitli varyasyonlarla karşılaşabilirler. Süpernümerer diş ; en sık görülen varyasyonlardan biri olmasına rağmen, azı dişlerinde fazla kök bulunması anatomik kök varyasyonunun ilginç bir örneğidir. Mandibular azı dişleri genellikle 2 ayrı köke( mesial ve distal) sahiptir. Çok nadiren ilave bir üçüncü kök (süpernümerer kök) görülür.Ana distal köke distolingual olarak yerleşirse "radix entomolaris" olarak adlandırılır. Mesial köke meziyobukkal olarak yerleşirse "radix paramolaris" olarak adlandırılır. Bu makalenin amacı, diş hekimliği kliniğinde dikkat edilmesi gereken önemli bir varyasyon olan mandibular 3. molar dişteki üç kök varlığıyla tanımlı bir varyasyon olgusunu sunmaktır.
Evaluation of The Behavior Changes Caused by COVID-19 Positivity in Mothers
Authors: ÇELİK Melike , ELMAOĞLU Erhan
Published: August 2022

Aim: It is aimed changes in Covid-19 positive mothers of maternity and parental behaviors.

Method: The questionnaire form and Semantic Differencial Scale-Myself As Mother (SDS), and Mothers’s Parental Behavior Scale - Parental Form (MPBS) were used to collect the data. The research had done at September. A web-based survey has been designed (A face-to-face study could not be conducted due to the Covid-19 epidemic).

Findings: Most of participants have weekness (15.2%). 47.7% of the participants used hygiene rules for actions to protect from covid-19. 93.2% of the participants’s social relative affected negative from covid-19 process. 80.3% of the participants’s family relative affected negative from covid-19 process. SDS total score of the participants were 38.63±8.10. SDS mean score of 18-32 between age mothers was down than other mothers and there is statistical significance between the two mother groups (18-32 age and 33 and above age). MPBS total score of the participants were 49.03±6.30. Significance was found among the demographic data of the participants in terms of MPBS score. But, every group have down MPBS total score mean.

Results: As a result of this research; it is determined Covid-19 Positive Mothers of Maternity and Parental Behaviors have down scores.
Knowledge, Attitude, Utilization And Barriers to Emergency Contraception among Reproductive-Age Women Between 15 and 24 Years in Ghana’s Poor and Low-Resource Settings: The Case of East-Gonja Municipality
Authors:   East Gonja Municipal Hospital, Salaga, Nketia Richmond , Atta-Nyarko Daniel ,   Allied Health Professions Council, Ministry of Health - Ghana
Published: August 2022

Emergency contraceptive (EC) is a family planning method that can be used after the failure of barrier contraceptive methods, sexual assault, and/or missed oral contraceptive pills to prevent pregnancy. Improving access and use of modern contraceptives such as EC has been suggested, among another healthcare continuum, as the solution to the global population dilemma. However, there is a paucity of data on modern contraceptive use and associated factors in Ghana’s impoverished and low-resource settings. If this continues into the future, the effective planning and implementation of sexual and reproductive programs in these regions could be hampered. This study, therefore, sought to examine the level of knowledge on EC, attitude towards EC, utilization, and barriers to EC among reproductive-age women between 15 and 24 years in the East-Gonja Municipality of Ghana. The study was conducted in Salaga, the administrative capital of the East-Gonja Municipality, using a school-based, descriptive cross-sectional study design. The study population comprised 295 female students from Salaga Senior High School (SHS). Data were collected using structured, self-administered questionnaires, and descriptive analyses were performed to determine respondents’ level of knowledge, attitude, utilization, and barriers to EC. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to analyze the data. About 62% of the respondents had inadequate knowledge about EC. More than half (56.5%) of the sample who reported prior awareness of EC showed a negative attitude toward EC. Less than half (48.5%) of the respondents who indicated had ever engaged in vaginal intercourse with a man reported ever-use of EC. The major reason for EC non-use was fear of stigma (62.0%). Although the majority of the respondents were aware of EC, most of them demonstrated inadequate knowledge and poor attitude toward EC, the former being a major reason for EC non-use. Our findings suggest the need for comprehensive Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) education and improved access to modern contraceptives among adolescents and youth in the East-Gonja municipality.
Dinâmica temporal e uso da terra na área marinha protegida da Baía do Iguape, no Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Lemos Ornellas Joaquim , Nasser Caiafa Alessandra , Reis do Nascimento Lopes Elfany
Published: August 2022

Este estudo investigou a dinâmica de uso da terra em área protegida e de que forma barragens e usinas hidrelétricas atuam como tensores antrópicos de mudanças espaciais em áreas de manguezais, além de avaliar a resposta espectral para o vigor vegetativo, o uso eficiente da radiação no processo fotossintético e o fluxo de carbono atmosférico por meio de índices de vegetação. O mapeamento temporal e a transição de uso foram avaliados entre 1986 e 2020, com imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 e Landsat 8, utilizando a técnica de interpretação visual. A análise espectral dos manguezais foi conduzida com o auxílio dos índices de vegetação. Os resultados mostraram que o estabelecimento da área protegida diminuiu o ritmo de conversão de áreas naturais para antrópicas, permitindo que as áreas naturais aumentassem em 332 ha, impulsionadas pelo aumento do manguezal em 240 há; manguezais, florestas ombrófilas densas e áreas campestres são as classes que mais transitam entre categorias temporalmente. A combinação de barramento e geração de energia diminuíram a vazão para o estuário, causando o aumento da intrusão salina, que contribuiu para a expansão da área de manguezal em regiões distantes das atividades antrópicas, sugerindo a manutenção da área protegida e o maior fluxo de carbono atmosférico.
Uso y beneficio de la thola (Parastrephia lepidophylla) en producción sostenible de ecosistemas de altura en Bolivia
Authors: Tapia Alejo Clotilde Reyna
Published: August 2022

Los suelos del altiplano boliviano, en un mayor porcentaje presentan fertilidad baja y muy baja, característico de suelos secos y fríos, se constituyen en insuficientes en fertilidad para cubrir los requerimientos de los cultivos y menos de la sostenibilidad productiva. La Parastrephia lepidophilla es un arbusto erguido que mide de 1 a 2 m de alto, con muchas ramas y resinoso, con olor intenso como de “pino”; cubiertas de pelos suaves. Las hojas están dispuestas en espiral, apretadas en forma de escamas, enteras, ovaladas y carnosas. Tiene flores agrupadas en capítulos o cabezuelas, solitarias en los ápices de las ramitas, de color amarillo y los frutos son aquenios, presentan pelos finos, en la parte superior el aspecto de plumas, de color blancuzco. La Distribución geográfica en Bolivia, se encuentra en la Cordillera Occidental y Oriental, en el Altiplano. En los departamentos de Cochabamba (Bolivar; Tapacarí). La Paz (Pacajes). Oruro (Avaroa; Ladislao Cabrera; Sajama; San Pedro de Totora; Saucarí; Sebastián Pagador; Sud Carangas; Tomás Barrón). Potosí (Antonio Quijarro; José María Linares; Nor Lípez; Tomás Frías; Sud Lípez). Tarija (Avilez). Entre 3500 a 5000 msnm. Además, también se la encuentra en el Perú, Chile y Argentina. Es muy característica de varias comunidades vegetales, principalmente de tholares, por el aporte en materia orgánica, como una especie perenne, por tanto en el presente trabajo, se realiza la revisión de 75 artículos científicos referidos al estudio de Parastrephya lepidophilla, presentando un análisis de usos y beneficios que brinda; clasificado por beneficios en la agropecuaria, salud- alimentación y artesanía, es una necesidad que continue brindando sus beneficios a las generaciones venideras.
Efecto de dos soluciones nutritivas en dos variedades del cultivo hidropónico de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) en la Estación Experimental Patacamaya
Authors: Blanco Villacorta Medardo Wilfredo , Paco Ticona Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

La necesidad de incrementar la producción de alimentos de origen vegetal, la restricción de tierras aptas para la producción agrícola, la escasez de agua o la mala calidad de ésta para usarla en la agricultura, fueron algunas de las causas que estimularon a diversos investigadores a buscar alternativas para el desarrollo de las plantas. Como resultado se generó la hidroponía a nivel comercial. El presente trabajo de investigación se llevó a cabo en predios de la Estación Experimental Patacamaya, ubicado en el Altiplano Central de Bolivia, en la Provincia Aroma del Departamento de La Paz. El objetivo fue la evaluación del efecto de dos soluciones nutritivas en dos variedades del cultivo hidropónico de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum). Se utilizó una superficie de 39.6 m2, utilizando material vegetal semilla de tomate Rio grande y Redondo. La implantación del cultivo se realizó desde el trasplante hasta la tercera cosecha. El diseño empleado fue el diseño completamente al azar con arreglo de parcelas divididas con el factor A: solución nutritiva y el factor B: variedades, tres repeticiones. Las variables de respuesta incluyeron: agronómicas, fenológicas y de rendimiento. En cuanto a las variedades de tomate muestra diferencias significativas sobre la variable: número de flores, se observa que la variedad Redonda tiene mayor número de flores de 23,4 la variable Rio Grande de 17,2 flores. Con respecto a la variable de rendimiento, con la aplicación de la solución nutritiva Howard Resh, obtenemos un mejor rendimiento de 2,6 kg/m2 y la solución La Molina de 2,1 kg/m2. En las variedades de tomate se observa que la variedad Redondo, alcanzó 2,9 kg/m2, por otra parte, para la variedad Rio Grande alcanzó una media de 1,9 kg/m2 con una menor producción.
ESTUDIO DE LA VARIACION DE LA TENSIÓN SUPERFICIAL DE DISOLUCIONES DE AGUA DESTILADA CON DIFERENTES COMPUESTOS EN TIEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: AYALA CABRERA WILLY DANIEL , ZABALA ARIAS EDDY CRISTIAN , FAREL HERVAS NATALIA ESTEFANIA
Published: August 2022

A study of the variations in the surface tension of distilled water caused by alcohol, salt and saponin in different concentrations and mixtures is carried out. As a consequence of the difficulties arising from the pandemic, the study was elaborated in such a way as to make it feasible to realise at home. The Du Nouy method was applied, using a balance and a dynamometer as measuring systems, which were assembled with materials collected at home and purchased in book or hardware stores. It was observed that in the case of alcohol and saponin the surface tension decreases and that in the case of salt and a mixture of saponin and salt, it first decreases and then increases. Precise measurements of the systems were obtained with percentage errors of 11.3 % and 1.2 % for the dynamometer and the balance, respectively.
Pengaruh Profesionalisme Guru terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI IPS pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah di MAN 1 BIMA
Authors: Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih , Muhammad Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh profesionalisme guru terhadap proses pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar siswa dalam bidang studi sejarah. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode Ex Post Facto dengan logika dasar jika X maka Y (Jika profesionalisme guru tinggi maka hasil belajar siswa meningkat/tinggi). Data penelitian diperoleh melalui angket yang diberikan kepada peserta didik kelas XI IPS yang dipilih secara acak, observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik pengumpulan sampel dengan menggunakan proportionate stratified random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang siswa. Hasil penelitian ini  menunjukkan bahwa F hitung sebesar 74,163 > F table pada taraf signifikansi 5% sebesar 3,938 ini berarti terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara profesionalisme guru dalam bidang studi sejarah dengan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPS MAN 1 Bima.
Comparison of Postoperative Duration of Analgesia in Patients Receiving Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block with and without Dexmedetomidine
Authors: Zeb Anum , Latif Iqra , Khalid Muhammad , Zahid Muhammad Arsalan , Afzal Muhammad Abdul Rahman , Shamasddin Abdul Sattar
Published: August 2022

Introduction: For upper-limb orthopaedic surgery, supraclavicular brachial plexus block is routinely used and involves administering bupivacaine to the supraclavicular plexus. Recent studies claimed that the addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block significantly prolonged the mean duration of postoperative analgesia. This study was necessitated by the fact that existing evidence was limited and there was no local published material to support the findings. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the postoperative duration of analgesia in patients receiving supraclavicular brachial plexus for upper limb surgeries block with and without dexmedetomidine. Methods: This study was performed at the Department of Anesthesiology Lahore General Hospital, Lahore using randomized controlled trial. In this study, sixty patients between the ages of 18 and 60 and from both genders who underwent ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb orthopedic surgery were randomly and equally divided into two treatment groups. The patients of Group-A received bupivacaine along with dexmedetomidine while those in Group-B received bupivacaine with normal saline for the block. Mean postoperative analgesia duration in minutes up to a VAS > 3 was the outcome variable. Each patient signed informed consent before the study. Results: The patients' average age was 38.4±14.1 years and 37 (61.7%) were male and 23 (38.3%) were female. The significantly longer mean duration of postoperative analgesia (754.27±144.89 vs. 441.80±111.38 minutes with p-value less than 0.001) was observed in patients receiving dexmedetomidine in addition to bupivacaine as compared to bupivacaine alone. This significant mean duration was also recorded in various subgroups of age, gender, BMI, and duration of surgery. Conclusion: The superiority of the combination of dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine was reported as compared to the conventional practice of bupivacaine alone in terms of significantly prolonged mean duration of postoperative analgesia. This novel combination may reduce the need for postoperative opioids and recommend it for future anesthetic practice. Keywords: Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block, Dexmedetomidine, Post-Operative Analgesia
Self Awareness Regarding Effect of Diabetes and Management in Patients Suffering from Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and 2
Authors: Yasmin Rizwana , Ilyas Aneela , Mir Sajawal , Tauseef Ambreen , . Nazi , Shuaib Nazia
Published: August 2022

Aim: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered as the major disease in worldwide with increasing incidence. It should be properly treated and routine visits to doctors are needed to overcome this issue, otherwise it will lead to major cause and severe health issues. This study was carried out to assess factors affecting disease awareness in diabetics, and its association with glycemic control. Methods: To determine the different factors regarding self-awareness and management of DM, the data was collected from different clinics/outdoors of Lahore. Results: The age range of people suffering from diabetes was between 55-65 years. Patients suffering with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 were 390 and 80 respectively. The average concentration of glucose in the blood was 9.03 moll/l. Conclusion: If patients are suffering from diabetes mellitus, they should have proper self-awareness, effectiveness of their treatment and self-efficiency to combat this disease and to avoid the side effects. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, self-efficiency, effectiveness, DSM, Type 2 diabetes.
Incidence of Facial Palsy and its Impact on Quality of Life of Patients
Authors: Ahmad Fareena , Saeed Mahwish , Hashmi Iram Rani , Ilyas Muhammad Khurram , Haroon Noor Fatima , Abdullah Shamima , Tariq Amina
Published: August 2022

Objective: This study was planned to assess the frequency of facial palsy in general population and its impact on the quality of life of patients. Method: This descriptive crossectional investigation was conducted in Neurology department of a tertiary care hospital of Lahore from March, 2021 to June, 2022. Sample size was 168 patients with facial palsy out of 246. Data was collected using purposive sampling technique. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for gender, incidence of facial palsy and quality of life. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for age. Results: Total number of patients had facial palsy were 168 out of 246 which was 68.29%. Males were 36.90% whereas females were 63.10%. Face palsy of left side was found among 34.25% patients and 65.75% patients had facial palsy of right side. Conclusion: Incidence rate of facial palsy was above average and patients reported poor quality of life after facial palsy. Keywords: Facial Palsy, Quality of Life, Depression, Facial nerve.
Garp Modeline göre Kocakarı Armudunun (Crataegus microphylla C. Koch) Günümüz ve Gelecekteki Potansiyel Yayılışının Tahmini
Authors: Aksu Büşra , Örücü Ömer K.
Published: August 2022

Makine öğrenme tekniği kullanılarak türlerin güncel ve gelecekteki yayılış alanlarını modellemek günümüzde bitkilerin yayılış alanlarının iklim değişikliğinden ne derecede etkileneceğini ortaya koymak açısından önemli çalışmalardan biri haline gelmiştir. Türlerin var olduğu alanları ifade eden noktasal veriler ve bu alanlara ait biyoiklim verileri kullanılarak oluşturulmuş katmanlar sayesinde farklı iklim senaryolarına göre türlerin günümüz ve gelecekteki potansiyel yayılış alanları GARP programı ile belirlenebilmektedir. Bu kapsamda gerçekleştirilen makale çalışmasında Rosaceae (Gülgiller) Familyasından Crataegus microphylla C. Koch türünün yayılış alanının iklim değişiminden nasıl etkileneceğini belirlemek için 6. IPCC raporu temel alınarak oluşturulmuş ve CMIP6 modellerinden olan MIROC-ES2L kullanılarak türün SSP1 2.6, SSP2 4.5, SSP3 7.0 ve SSP5 8.5’e senaryolarına göre 2041-2060 ve 2081-2100 periyodlarına ait potansiyel yayılış alanı modellenmiş, türe ait üretilen günümüz ve gelecekteki yayılış alanı arasındaki alansal ve konumsal farklar değişim analizi ile ortaya konulmuştur. Rosaceae familyasına ait bu türün günümüz potansiyel yayılış alanı ile gelecekte iklim değişikliğinden nasıl etkileneceğinin belirlendiği bu çalışmada C. microphylla’nın SSP2 4.5 senaryosunun iki periyodunda da yayılış alanında azalma olacağı tahmin edilmiştir.