bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CK12a, a CCL19-like Chemokine That Orchestrates both Nasal and Systemic Antiviral Immune Responses in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Sepahi Ali , Tacchi Luca , Casadei Elisa , Takizawa Fumio , LaPatra Scott E. , Salinas Irene
Published: October 2017

Chemokines and chemokine receptors have rapidly diversified in teleost fish but their immune functions remain unclear. We report in this study that CCL19, a chemokine known to control lymphocyte migration and compartmentalization of lymphoid tissues in mammals, diversified in salmonids leading to the presence of six CCL19-like genes named CK10a, CK10b, CK12a, CK12b, CK13a, and CK13b. Salmonid CCL19-like genes all contain the DCCL-conserved motif but share low amino acid sequence identity. CK12 (but not CK10 or CK13) is constitutively expressed at high levels in all four trout MALT. Nasal vaccination with a live attenuated virus results in sustained upregulation of CK12 (but not CK10 or CK13) expression in trout nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue. Recombinant His-tagged trout CK12a (rCK12a) is not chemotactic in vitro but it increases the width of the nasal lamina propria when delivered intranasally. rCK12a delivered intranasally or i.p. stimulates the expression of CD8α, granulysin, and IFN-γ in mucosal and systemic compartments and increases nasal CD8α+ cell numbers. rCK12a is able to stimulate proliferation of head kidney leukocytes from Ag-experienced trout but not naive controls, yet it does not confer protection against viral challenge. These results show that local nasal production of CK12a contributes to antiviral immune protection both locally and systemically via stimulation of CD8 cellular immune responses and highlight a conserved role for CK12 in the orchestration of mucosal and systemic immune responses against viral pathogens in vertebrates.
Non-relational conditions necessary for mentoring of black small business owner–managers in South Africa
Authors: Rootman Chantal , Venter Elmarie , Matabooe Makatleho J.
Published: October 2017

Orientation: This study focuses on effective mentoring of black small business owner–managers. It aims to gain an understanding of non-relational conditions necessary for the mentoring of their businesses.Research purpose: To identify non-relational-based conditions for effective mentoring of black small business owner–managers. Effective mentoring can help enhance business management skills and improve the survival of small businesses in South Africa.Motivation for the study: Previous research on mentoring mainly focused on relational conditions required for mentoring. It is equally important to investigate non-relational conditions required for mentoring and provide recommendations to help achieve effective mentoring of small business owner–managers.Research design, approach and method: An interpretivism paradigm and qualitative research methodology were followed. The experiences of participants were obtained through semi-structured interviews.Main findings: Conditions surrounding the accessibility of the mentoring location, accessibility of mentoring resources, capacity of mentors, financial support, marketing strategies and practical arrangements for the mentoring process are essential during mentoring of black small business owner–managers.Practical and managerial implications: Investigating the experiences of mentors, mentees and board members or managers provides insight into non-relational conditions required for effective mentoring of black small business owner–managers. Recommendations are provided to help enhance mentoring facilities and ultimately the success and longevity of small businesses.Contribution and value-add: Knowledge of non-relational conditions required for effective mentoring could result in successful skills development of owner–managers. Ultimately, the decision-making of owner–managers could be improved, and the success and longevity of their businesses could be enhanced.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a gainsharing programme for labour productivity improvement
Authors: Zondo Robert W.D.
Published: October 2017

Orientation: Companies are faced with the challenge of promoting innovation for productivity improvement among employees. They create a work environment that promotes worker participation for productivity improvement. This sentiment underpins the concept of gainsharing.Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a gainsharing programme for productivity improvement in automotive parts manufacturing companies in South Africa (SA).Motivation for the study: SA’s labour productivity, in the manufacturing sector, is low when compared with Korea, the United States of America, Taiwan, Japan, France and the United Kingdom. Hence, this study focused on gainsharing, given the low labour productivity levels in the South African manufacturing industries.Research design, approach and method: The two automotive parts manufacturing companies that have adopted a gainsharing strategy participated in the study. A third automotive parts manufacturing company that has adopted the 360-degree performance appraisal system was included for comparative purposes. These companies operated in the eThekwini District Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal. Study objectives were achieved by collecting pre- and post-quarterly data for spoilage, absenteeism, capital investment and labour productivity.Main findings: Results established that gainsharing improves productivity and reduces spoilage and absenteeism rates.Managerial implication: The South African companies are encouraged to revise their reward philosophies and develop strategies, policies and practices that help achieve productivity goals and support organisational change.Contribution: Gainsharing is a desirable alternative as it contributes to raising the competence levels and productivity improvement of an organisation. As a comparison, the 360-degree performance appraisal does not have an impact on labour productivity.
The role of church youth in the transformation agenda of South African cities
Authors: Baron Eugene
Published: October 2017

The churches in City of Tshwane have incredible youth capital. There is so much energy and passion that fill the concrete walls of the mushrooming churches. This article emerges from a research that was conducted to explore religious innovation and competition amidst demographic and social change among churches in the City of Tshwane. The data of the study suggest that the impetus behind most of the innovation and development in the churches is borne from the hearts and minds of the young people. The striking involvement of the youth in the congregations, their participation and also the reflection in the data in terms of youth agency highlight the concern on their involvement in urban, social change, with specific reference to the City of Tshwane. The article assesses the participation of the church youth in the transformation of the city.
A compactness theorem for Fueter sections
Authors: Walpuski Thomas
Published: October 2017

We prove that a sequence of Fueter sections of a bundle of compact hyperkähler manifolds

\mathfrak{X}

over a 3-manifold

M

with bounded energy converges (after passing to a subsequence) outside a 1-dimensional closed rectifiable subset

S \subset M

. The non-compactness along

S

has two sources: (1) Bubbling-off of holomorphic spheres in the fibres of

\mathfrak{X}

transverse to a subset

\Gamma \subset S

, whose tangent directions satisfy strong rigidity properties. (2) The formation of non-removable singularities in a set of

\mathcal{H}^1

-measure zero. Our analysis is based on the ideas and techniques that Lin developed for harmonic maps [19]. These methods also apply to Fueter sections on 4-dimensional manifolds; we discuss the corresponding compactness theorem in an appendix. We hope that the work in this paper will provide a first step towards extending the hyperkähler Floer theory developed by Hohloch, Noetzel, and Salamon [15] and Salamon [22] to general target spaces. Moreover, we expect that this work will find applications in gauge theory in higher dimensions.
Torsion order of smooth projective surfaces (with an appendix by J.-L. Colliot-Thélène)
Authors: Kahn Bruno
Published: October 2017

To a smooth projective variety

X

whose Chow group of 0-cycles is

\mathbf Q

-universally trivial one can associate its torsion order Tor

(X)

, the smallest multiple of the diagonal appearing in a cycle-theoretic decomposition
à la
Bloch–Srinivas. We show that Tor

(X)

is the exponent of the torsion in the Néron–Severi group of

X

when

X

is a surface over an algebraically closed field

k

, up to a power of the exponential characteristic of

k

.
In Vitro Sensitivity of Pyronaridine in Thai Isolates of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Mahotorn Kittiya , Tan-ariya Peerapan , Thita Thunyapit , Ruang-areerate Toon , Sittichot Naruemon , Suwandittakul Nantana , Mungthin Mathirut
Published: October 2017

Pyronaridine, a Mannich base antimalarial agent with a high activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, has been combined with artesunate as a new artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT). Pyronaridine–artesunate combination could be one of the choices for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in multidrug-resistant areas including Thailand. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro sensitivity and cross-resistance pattern of pyronaridine in Thai isolates of P. falciparum. In addition, the influence of resistant genes concerning in vitro pyronaridine sensitivity was determined. The mean pyronaridine 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 118 parasite isolates was 5.6 ± 3.1 nM (range = 0.2–15.4 nM) with a significant positive correlation with artesunate IC50 (r = 0.246, P = 0.008) and amodiaquine IC50 (r = 0.220, P = 0.042) and a significant negative correlation with quinine IC50 (r = −0.185, P = 0.047). Parasites containing the pfmdr1 86Y allele exhibited significantly reduced pyronaridine sensitivity compared with those with the pfmdr1 N86 allele (7.6 ± 3.3 nM and 5.4 ± 3.0 nM, respectively, P = 0.032, independent t test); however, the difference may not be clinically relevant. Pyronaridine–artesunate could be the candidate ACT to treat multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria in Thailand with careful monitoring.
Characterizing the Last Latrine Nonowners in Rural Malawi
Authors: Slekiene Jurgita , Mosler Hans-Joachim
Published: October 2017

Open defecation is a public health problem worldwide. Non-governmental organizations in developing countries use various approaches to increase latrine coverage, but for little-understood reasons, some of the population does not adopt latrine construction. The objective of our research was to uncover which of the factors predicting latrine construction are relevant to the last nonowners of latrines, termed laggards in the diffusion of innovations theory. In a cross-sectional study, quantitative face-to-face interviews were conducted in households in rural Malawi (N = 824) to assess the behavioral determinants of latrine construction, mental health, and leadership. Around 14% of the households interviewed did not own a latrine. Study results suggest that nonowners have limited economic resources and perceive that latrine construction is expensive, that it is difficult to find money for latrine construction, and that it needs a lot of time and effort. The last nonowners of latrines live in smaller groups than latrine owners, communicate less with others about latrine construction, and are less influenced by the opinion of their leaders. They consist, in particular, of socially vulnerable households, are younger, are less educated, often have more impaired mental health, feel more vulnerable to contracting diseases, are less aware of the latrine construction of others in the village, feel less personally obliged to construct their own latrines, and are less confident in their ability to rebuild latrines damaged by flooding. The study confirmed that the assumptions of the diffusion of innovation theory are useful in combination with the risks, attitudes, norms, abilities, and self-regulation behavior change approach for developing evidence-based behavior change strategies in developing countries.
Google Glass Video Capture of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Events: A Pilot Simulation Study
Authors: Kassutto Stacey M. , Kayser Joshua B. , Kerlin Meeta P. , Upton Mark , Lipschik Gregg , Epstein Andrew J. , Dine C. Jessica , Schweickert William
Published: October 2017

Background 

Video recording of resuscitation from fixed camera locations has been used to assess adherence to guidelines and provide feedback on performance. However, inpatient cardiac arrests often happen in unpredictable locations and crowded rooms, making video recording of these events problematic.

Objective 

We sought to understand the feasibility of Google Glass (GG) as a method for recording inpatient cardiac arrests and capturing salient resuscitation factors for post-event review.

Methods 

This observational study involved recording simulated cardiac arrest events on inpatient medical wards. Each simulation was reviewed by 3 methods: in-room physician direct observation, stationary video camera (SVC), and GG. Nurse and physician specialists analyzed the videos for global visibility and audibility, as well as recording quality of predefined resuscitation events and behaviors. Resident code leaders were surveyed regarding attitudes toward GG use in the clinical emergency setting.

Results 

Of 11 simulated cardiac arrest events, 9 were successfully recorded by all observation methods (1 GG failure, 1 SVC failure). GG was judged slightly better than SVC recording for average global visualization (3.95 versus 3.15, P = .0003) and average global audibility (4.77 versus 4.42, P = .002). Of the GG videos, 19% had limitations in overall interpretability compared with 35% of SVC recordings (P = .039). All 10 survey respondents agreed that GG was easy to use; however, 2 found it distracting and 3 were uncomfortable with future use during actual resuscitations.

Conclusions 

GG is a feasible and acceptable method for capturing simulated resuscitation events in the inpatient setting.
El ser estudiante universitario en el campo de fuerzas institucional
Authors: Panaia Marta
Published: October 2017

El ser estudiante universitario es un devenir en el tiempo, que está limitado e incentivado por un campo de fuerzas que fija límites y libertades. Este proceso varía constantemente según sus bases cognitivas, especialidades y regiones y las demandas del mercado de trabajo.

En su definición, interviene la díada docente-alumnos y la institución en la que se forma el estudiante, en un contexto más amplio, ciudad, región, estado.

Las reflexiones que presentamos aquí, surgen del relevamiento de trayectorias de abandonadores y estudiantes de ingeniería, en distintas regiones de la Argentina. De manera que no son generalizables a otras profesiones, pero tienen la ventaja de captar procesos de cambio en el tiempo por medio de técnicas longitudinales y biográficas y de contar con relevamientos metodológicamente comparables en distintas  regiones y  especialidades de las ingenierías, incluso diferenciando las ingenierías tradicionales de las tecnológicas y las nuevas ingenierías.

Se define el proceso de educación como una co-producción por tres características y se plantean las principales críticas con otros encuadres teóricos. Se considera un proceso dinámico que se modifica en el tiempo y al que no es ajeno el campo institucional en el que ocurre.

Por último se plantea la formación de dos perfiles: una durante los primeros años donde se transforma el aspirante en estudiante y la segunda donde el estudiante ya asumido como tal  comienza a pensar en sus formas de inserción profesional y a definir un proyecto en el mercado de trabajo. 
La visión del profesorado emérito sobre los estudiantes: aprendiendo de los mayores.
Authors: Trillo Alonso Felipe , Zabalza Cerdeiriña María Ainhoa , Parada Gañeta Ana
Published: October 2017

El presente trabajo forma parte de una investigación más amplia desarrollada en el marco de la convocatoria de I+D del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación español en la que han participado varias universidades españolas y extranjeras. Su objetivo principal era recuperar el conocimiento experto del profesorado emérito para ponerlo a disposición de la comunidad universitaria. En este artículo se presentan algunos datos en relación a las creencias sobre los estudiantes que expresan 41 profesores eméritos de universidades españolas y extranjeras, en nuestro empeño por conocerlos y comprenderlos mejor. A través de reflexiones más amplias sobre la universidad, nos centramos en lo que los profesores eméritos dicen específicamente sobre los estudiantes para poder elaborar, a partir de su experiencia, un marco de referencia que nos permita repensar cómo vemos a los estudiantes universitarios. Los datos que aquí presentamos provienen de entrevistas en profundidad y semiestructuradas, a partir de las cuales hemos realizado un análisis de contenido. De este análisis se derivan conclusiones en torno a las transformaciones más o menos profundas sufridas por la universidad, a lo largo del período que abarca la trayectoria profesional de estos eméritos y que atañen a diferentes ámbitos: de entre los que destacamos el de los estudiantes.
Estudio cuantitativo sobre la simulación y el juego en la producción oral en lengua inglesa
Authors: Angelini Laura , García-Carbonell Amparo , Martínez Alzamora Nieves
Published: October 2017

El presente trabajo nace de la inquietud por aportar innovación metodológica a la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera y favorecer al óptimo desarrollo de la producción oral. Este trabajo plantea un estudio cuantitativo sobre la producción oral en lengua inglesa mediante la simulación y juego como estrategia docente. Persigue un doble objetivo: comprobar si la simulación telemática es una herramienta eficaz en la adquisición de la expresión oral en lengua inglesa y contribuir a la investigación-acción en lenguas para fines específicos. Se lleva a cabo un estudio comparativo de las puntuaciones pre y post-tratamiento obtenidas en la evaluación global de la variable expresión oral en los grupos experimentales E1 y E2, se realiza un estudio comparativo de las puntuaciones pre y post tratamiento obtenidas en las sub-variables delivery, contenido, organización y lengua, asociadas a la expresión oral y se lleva a cabo un estudio de concordancia entre los tres jueces externos pre y post tratamiento. Tras los estudios, los resultados obtenidos confirman que existe una mejora significativa post-tratamiento en la producción oral y en las sub-variables delivery, contenido, organización y lengua en los grupos experimentales. 
Competencias del buen docente universitario. Opinión de los estudiantes
Authors: Abadía Valle Ana Rosa , Bueno García Concepción , Ubieto-Artur María Isabel , Márquez Cebrián María Dolores , Sabaté Díaz Sarai , Jorba Noguera Helga , Pagès Costa Teresa
Published: October 2017

En este trabajo se presenta la perspectiva que tienen los estudiantes, sobre las competencias del buen docente universitario, a partir de un cuestionario diseñado en base a las competencias docentes definidas y validadas en el marco del proyecto REDU2012”. Han respondido al cuestionario 10302 estudiantes de grado y 1700 de máster de 15 universidades, a través de un formulario en línea optimizado para dispositivos móviles.

La importancia otorgada a las 16 características definidas en el cuestionario ha sido alta: todas ellas se encuentran entre el notable alto y el sobresaliente. Que el profesor explique de forma clara los contenidos de la asignatura es la mejor valorada, seguida del fomento de la motivación. Estas dos cuestiones son igualmente las más valoradas si atendemos a las ramas de conocimiento, curso y sexo del estudiantado. Las habilidades menos valoradas para ser un buen docente son la de fomentar la participación y el trabajo colaborativo y la coordinación con el profesorado de otras asignaturas, si bien sus puntuaciones superan el 7,5.
Al relacionar los resultados obtenidos con las los indicadores de las competencias docentes se concluye que las más valoradas son la competencias comunicativa, la de relación interpersonal y la metodológica. A las competencias de planificación y gestión de la docencia y de trabajo en equipo se les ha otorgado menor importancia.
A la búsqueda de la libertad. La pedagogía universitaria de nuestro tiempo
Authors: Nóvoa Antonio , Amante Lúcia
Published: October 2017

El   texto   presentado   se   centra   en   la pedagogía   universitaria   en   tanto   que dimensión  central  de  una  reflexión más   amplia   sobre   las   epistemologías docentes.  Se  presenta  una  propuesta  de análisis general sobre los cambios en las universidades cuestionando la pedagogía y  su  incapacidad  para  acomodarse  a  las transformaciones recientes de la sociedad y  de  la  propia    universidad.  Se  apuntan las tendencias que tienden a dominar las “ideologías  de  la  modernización”  de  las universidades, remarcando los obstáculos que tales ideologías contienen de cara al desarrollo  profesional  de  los  profesores. Se defiende una propuesta de renovación pedagógica  –el  ARCO  de  la  Pedagogía universitaria–  centrada  en  cuatro  ideas clave: Autonomía, Reflexión, Creación y Obligación. Concluye el texto, insistiendo en la necesidad de poner a los profesores y  la  Pedagogía  en  el  centro  del  debate, subrayando la importancia de la libertad académica en el ejercicio de la profesión docente.
Biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the Agrio Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Mendoza Province, Neuquén Basin, Argentina.
Authors: Ballent Sara , Concheyro Andrea , Sagasti Guillermina
Published: October 2017

A bioestratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental study of the Agrio Formation, at the Cuesta del Chihuido section, southern Mendoza Province (35º45'S/69º34'W), Argentina, is presented. Thirty seven species of nannofossils, thirty four of foraminifers and six of ostracods have been recognized. Nannofossils association corresponding to Zones CC4A y CC4B indicates an Upper Valanginian-Upper Hauterivian age. At the base of the section, the presence of the benthonic foraminifer Epistomina loncochensis Ballent and radiolaria suggests eutrophic conditions of surface waters and oxygen depressed sea-bottom conditions. In the middle part of the section, diversity of lagenid foraminifers and nannofossils indicates a shelf and nearshore environment with clear and well-oxygenated waters. Abundant polymorphinids, spirillinids and involitinids towards the top of the section corroborate a general regressive tendency. Mudstones and silty-sandstone intercalations containing allochthonous adherent foraminifers and adult carapaces of cytheroid ostracods represent distal storm deposits.
Upper Triassic Palaeobotany of Biobío river valley, Chile: Filicopsida Class.
Authors: Leppe Marcelo , Moisan Philippe , Abad Eduardo , Palma-Heldt Sylvia
Published: October 2017

The Upper Triassic (Carnian-Norian) Filicopsida fossils present in the marine and continental outcrops, informally nominated as Santa Juana formation in the Biobío Region of Chile (37ºS/73ºS), are described. The taphoflora includes ten species, out of which eight are first registers for this area: Gleichenites quilacoyensis Leppe and Moisan sp. nov., Asterotheca rigbyana rigbyana Herbst, Rienitsia colliveri Herbst, Dictyophyllum fuenzalidai Herbst, Dictyophyllum (Thaumatopteris) rothi Frenguelli, Chansitheca argentina Herbst, Cladophlebis kurtzi Frenguelli and Todites baldoni Herbst ; three are new records for the Chilean Upper Triassic: Rienitsia colliveri Herbst, Gleichenites quilacoyensis Leppe and Moisan sp. nov., and Chansitheca argentina Herbst. The fern species found represents an 18% of the total specific diversity of plants in the Upper Triassic rocks from Biobío and help to understand the complicate floristic evolution of the communities in Gondwana. The Triassic rocks from Biobío are situated in the context of the Southwestern Extratropical Gondwana. The assemblage was developed in a continental environment with strong marine influence, under a rainy seasonal weather and displays age affinities with the argentinian Florian stage (Norian-Rhaetian). On an evolutionary point of view, the paleoflora was involved into the long Triassic/Jurassic mass extinction process, that means the end of the 'Dicroidium Flora' and the start of several elements that will dominate during the Jurassic.
The Los Llantenes Formation in the Precordillera of Jagüe (La Rioja Province) and the recognition of a rifting stage in the early evolution of the late Paleozoic basins in western Argentina.
Authors: Astini Ricardo A. , Martina Federico , Davila Federico M.
Published: October 2017

In the northern part of the Argentine Precordillera, northwestern La Rioja, the Upper Paleozoic is over 4,000 m thick. Very coarse conglomerates from the basal section have not been described nor adequately interpreted. This work analyses this unit in the context of a stratigraphic revision of the upper Paleozoic of the region, and interprets the conglomerate as a rift deposit. The thick (>1,000 m) and coarse purple conglomeratic succession, herein named ‘Los Llantenes Formation’, non-conformably rests on the basement rocks of the region and underlies deposits of the first glacial record associated with the Gondwanan glaciation. While its great thickness and restricted areal extent indicate localized subsidence, the crude stratification, poor sorting and abundance of >1-m boulders indicate an origin related to high-gradient, low-efficiency alluvial fans. Their composition and coarse-grained size indicate local provenance, abrupt relief and incipiently developed drainage systems and a highly compartmentalized and abrupt paleogeography. A complex glacial history generated deep ‘U’-shaped paleovalleys in the Los Llantenes Formation, developing paleovalleys that accommodated basal lodgment tills and glacial diamictites with sedimentologic features comparable to the Cerro Tres Condores Formation (Visean in age) exposed to the south. The age of the conglomerates of Los Llantenes Formation, clearly preglacial, can be stratigraphically bracketed between the Middle Devonian substrate cropping out to the south in the sierra de Las Minitas and the Middle Mississippian, age of the Cerro Tres Condores Formation. Consequently, Los Llantenes Formation may partly correlate with the Agua de Lucho Formation (Tournaisian-Vissean) that in the area of Rio del Penon, immediately to the south, underlies the glacigenic Cerro Tres Condores Formation. Mapping relationships with limited areal extent, together with the great thickness of Los Llantenes Formation and the local provenance, allow interpreting accommodation in extensional or pull-apart depocenters, conclusions that are relevant in order to reconstruct the history of the basin.
Low-grade metamorphism of Cambro-Ordovician successions in the Famatina belt, Southern-Central Andes: Burial-inversion history linked to the evolution of the proto-Andean Gondwana margin
Authors: Collo Gilda , Do Campo Margarita , Nieto Fernando
Published: October 2017

The metamorphic P-T conditions of low-grade units from the Famatina belt, Central Andes of Ar¬gentina, were estimated through petrography, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy. For the Middle-Upper Cambrian Negro Peinado Formation a tectono-metamorphic event associated with intense intrafoliar folding, with estimated temperatures between 290 and 400°C (KICIS: 0.16-0.27Δº2θ, biotite blastesis and compositional homo¬geneity in dioctahedral micas) and intermediate pressure conditions (white mica b parameter: 9.010Å-9.035Å), was recognized. The Achavil Formation (Middle-Upper Cambrian) presents a main metamorphic event associated with temperatures between 200 and 290°C (KICIS: 0.26-0.41Δº2θ) and intermediate- to low-pressure conditions (white mica b parameter values: 8.972Å-9.017Å). Some illitic substitution in dioctahedral micas also indicates lower metamorphic grade than the Negro Peinado Formation. For Upper Cambrian to Middle Ordovician sequences a burial metamorphic pattern, with a progressive decrease in metamorphic grade from Volcancito Formation to Cerro Morado Group (ca. 490-465 Ma; KICIS: 0.31-0.69Δº2θ) and absence of tendency changes linked to strati¬graphic discontinuities was proposed. Mica and chlorite are the main phyllosilicates in the oldest units, while Ilt/Sme (R3) mixed-layer is almost the only one in the youngest. White mica b parameter indicates intermediate- to low-pressure conditions for all these sequences. This burial metamorphic pattern presents a marked break as the youngest Ordovician unit (La Aguadita Formation, after ca. 452 Ma) records higher metamorphic conditions (IKCIS: 0.28-0.19Δº2θ) than units from the Ordovician arc, with estimated temperatures between 270 and 330ºC and intermediate-pressure conditions. Our results indicate that basin contraction and inversion processes related to the Ordovician Ocloyic Orogeny involved at least two well-discriminated and not superposed metamorphic episodes in this region.
Geology, petrology and geochemistry of the dome complex of Huequi volcano, southern Chile.
Authors: Watt Sebastian F.L. , Pyle David M. , Mather Tamsin A.
Published: October 2017

Huequi, a little-known volcano in the southern part of the Andean southern volcanic zone (SSVZ), shows a regionally unusual eruption style, mineralogy and geochemistry. The volcano comprises multiple highly-eroded lava domes. Past eruptions were accompanied by relatively minor explosive activity, most recently from 1890-1920. The rocks erupted by Huequi range from basaltic andesite to dacite, and are highly distinctive when compared to other volcanoes of the SSVZ, being K-poor and Al-rich, and containing euhedral hornblende phenocrysts. Overall compositions suggest a notably water-rich magma source, evolving through high levels of fractionation and subsequent degassing to produce highly porphyritic dome-forming andesites. The ultimate causes of water-rich magmas at this point in the arc remain unclear.
Holocene tephrochronology of the lower Río Cisnes valley, southern Chile
Authors: Weller Derek J. , De Porras María Eugenia , Maldonado Antonio , Méndez César , Stern Charles R.
Published: October 2017

Sediment cores from lakes and bogs in the Río Cisnes valley contain tephra from explosive eruptions of volcanoes in the southern part of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SSVZ). These tephra, which thicken and coarsen to the west, are attributed to eruptions from Melimoyu, Mentolat, Hudson, and potentially either Macá, Cay or one of the many minor eruptive centers (MEC) located both along the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone (LOFZ) and surrounding the major volcanoes. Correlation of the tephra between two new cores in the lower Río Cisnes valley, and amongst other cores previously described from the region, and source volcano identification for the tephra, has been done using lithostratigraphic data (tephra layer thickness and grain size), petrography (tephra glass color, vesicle morphology, and type and abundance of phenocryst phases), and by comparison of bulk tephra trace-element characteristics with previously published whole-rock and bulk tephra chemical analysis. Four tephras in these cores are attributed to eruptions of Mentolat, four to eruptions from Melimoyu, one possibly to Hudson, and six cannot be assigned to a specific source volcano. Some of these tephra correspond to pyroclastic tephra fall deposits previously observed in outcrop, including the MEL2 eruption of Melimoyu and the MEN1 eruption of Mentolat. However, others have not been previously observed and represent the products of newly identified small to medium sized eruptions from volcanoes of the SSVZ. These results provide new information concerning the frequency and magnitude of explosive eruption of SSVZ volcanoes and contribute to the evaluation of volcanic hazards in the region.
Water Vapour and Methane Coupling in the Stratosphere observed with SCIAMACHY Solar Occultation Measurements
Authors: Noël Stefan , Weigel Katja , Bramstedt Klaus , Rozanov Alexei , Weber Mark , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. An improved stratospheric water vapour data set has been derived from SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT solar occultation measurements. It is based on the same algorithm which has already been successfully applied to methane and carbon dioxide retrievals, thus resulting in a consistent data set for theses three constituents covering the altitudes 17–45 km, the latitude range between about 50 and 70° N, and the time interval August 2002 to April 2012. The new water vapour data agree with collocated results from ACE-FTS and MLS/Aura within about 5 %. A significant positive water vapour trend for the time 2003–2011 is observed at lower stratospheric altitudes of about 0.015 ppmv/year around 17 km. Between 30 and 37 km the trends become significantly negative (about −0.01 ppmv/year). The combined analysis of the SCIAMACHY methane and water vapour time series reveals that stratospheric methane and water vapour are strongly correlated and show a clear temporal variation related to the Quasi-Biannual-Oscillation (QBO). Above about 20 km most of the water vapour seems to be produced by methane, but short-term fluctuations and a temporal variation on a scale of 5–6 years are observed. At lower altitudes the balance between water vapour and methane is affected by stratospheric transport of water vapour and methane from the tropics to higher latitudes via the shallow branch of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and by the increasing methane input into the stratosphere due to the rise of tropospheric methane after 2007.
The importance of atmospheric correction for airborne hyperspectral remote sensing of shallow waters: application to depth estimation
Authors: Castillo-López Elena , Dominguez Jose Antonio , Pereda Raúl , de Luis Julio Manuel , Pérez Ruben , Piña Felipe
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Accurate determination of water depth is indispensable in multiple aspects of civil engineering (dock construction, dikes, submarines outfalls, trench control, etc.). To determine the type of atmospheric correction most appropriate for the depth estimation, different accuracies are required. Accuracy in bathymetric information is highly dependent on the atmospheric correction made to the imagery. The reduction of effects such as glint and cross-track illumination in homogeneous shallow-water areas improves the results of the depth estimations. The aim of this work is to assess the best atmospheric correction method for the estimation of depth in shallow waters, considering that reflectance values cannot be greater than 1.5 % because otherwise the background would not be seen. This paper addresses the use of hyperspectral imagery to quantitative bathymetric mapping and explores one of the most common problems when attempting to extract depth information in conditions of variable water types and bottom reflectances. The current work assesses the accuracy of some classical bathymetric algorithms (Polcyn–Lyzenga, Philpot, Benny–Dawson, Hamilton, principal component analysis) when four different atmospheric correction methods are applied and water depth is derived. No atmospheric correction is valid for all type of coastal waters, but in heterogeneous shallow water the model of atmospheric correction 6S offers good results.
Fractal scaling analysis of groundwater dynamics in confined aquifers
Authors: Tu Tongbi , Ercan Ali , Kavvas M. Levent
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Groundwater closely interacts with surface water and even climate systems in most hydroclimatic settings. Fractal scaling analysis of groundwater dynamics is of significance in modeling hydrological processes by considering potential temporal long-range dependence and scaling crossovers in the groundwater level fluctuations. In this study, it is demonstrated that the groundwater level fluctuations in confined aquifer wells with long observations exhibit site-specific fractal scaling behavior. Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) was utilized to quantify the monofractality, and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) and multiscale multifractal analysis (MMA) were employed to examine the multifractal behavior. The DFA results indicated that fractals exist in groundwater level time series, and it was shown that the estimated Hurst exponent is closely dependent on the length and specific time interval of the time series. The MF-DFA and MMA analyses showed that different levels of multifractality exist, which may be partially due to a broad probability density distribution with infinite moments. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the underlying distribution of groundwater level fluctuations exhibits either non-Gaussian characteristics, which may be fitted by the Lévy stable distribution, or Gaussian characteristics depending on the site characteristics. However, fractional Brownian motion (fBm), which has been identified as an appropriate model to characterize groundwater level fluctuation, is Gaussian with finite moments. Therefore, fBm may be inadequate for the description of physical processes with infinite moments, such as the groundwater level fluctuations in this study. It is concluded that there is a need for generalized governing equations of groundwater flow processes that can model both the long-memory behavior and the Brownian finite-memory behavior.
Meteorological buoy measurements in the Iceland Sea, 2007–2009
Authors: Petersen Guðrún Nína
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) conducted meteorological buoy measurements in the central Iceland Sea in the time period 2007–2009, specifically in the northern Dreki area on the southern segment of the Jan Mayen Ridge. Due to difficulties in deployment and operations, in situ measurements in this region are sparse. Here the buoy, deployment and measurements are described with the aim of giving a future user of the data set information that is as comprehensive as possible. The data set has been quality-checked, suspect data removed and the data set made publicly available from PANGAEA Data Publisher (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.876206).
Technical note: Long-term memory loss of urban streams as a metric for catchment classification
Authors: Jovanovic Dusan , Jovanovic Tijana , Mejía Alfonso , Hathaway Jon , Daly Edoardo
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Urbanisation has been associated with a reduction in the long-term correlation within a streamflow series, quantified by the Hurst exponent (H). This presents an opportunity to use the H exponent as an index for the classification of catchments on a scale from natural to urbanised conditions. However, before using the H exponent as a general index, the relationship between this exponent and level of urbanisation needs to be further examined and verified on catchments with different levels of imperviousness and from different climatic regions. In this study, the H exponent is estimated for 38 (deseasonalized) mean daily runoff time series, 22 from the USA and 16 from Australia, using the traditional rescaled-range statistic (R/S) and the more advanced multi-fractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA). Relationships between H and catchment imperviousness, catchment size, annual rainfall and specific mean discharge were investigated. No clear relationship with catchment area was found, and a weak negative relationship with annual rainfall and specific mean streamflow was found only when the R/S method was used. Conversely, both methods showed decreasing values of H as catchment imperviousness increased. The H exponent decreased from around 1.0 for catchments in natural conditions to around 0.6 for highly urbanised catchments. Three significantly different ranges of H exponents were identified, allowing catchments to be parsed into groups with imperviousness lower than 5 % (natural), catchments with imperviousness between 5 and 15 % (peri-urban), and catchments with imperviousness larger than 15 % (urban). The H exponent thus represents a useful metric to quantitatively assess the impact of catchment imperviousness on streamflow regime.
Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) rainfall curves in Senegal
Authors: Sane Youssouph , Panthou Geremy , Bodian Ansoumana , Vischel Theo , Lebel Thierry , Dacosta Honore , Quantin Guillaume , Wilcox Catherine , Ndiaye Ousmane , Diongue-Niang Aida , Diop Kane Marianne
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Urbanization resulting from a sharply increasing demographic pressure and the development of infrastructures have made the populations of many tropical areas more vulnerable to extreme rainfall hazards. Characterizing extreme rainfall distribution in a coherent way in space and time is thus becoming an overarching need that requires using appropriate models of IDF curves. Using 14 series of 5-min rainfall records (aggregated at a basis time-step of 1 h) collected in Senegal, a comparison of two GEV&scaling models is carried out, leading to adopt the most parsimonious one, built around four parameters. A bootstrap approach is proposed to compute the uncertainty associated with the estimation of these 4 parameters and of the related rainfall return levels for durations ranging from 1 h to 24 h. This study confirms previous works showing that simple scaling holds for characterizing the time-space structure of extreme rainfall in tropical regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. It further provides confidence intervals for the parameter estimates, and shows that the uncertainty linked to the estimation of the GEV parameters, is 3 to 4 times larger than the uncertainty linked to the inference of the scaling parameter. From this model, maps of IDF parameters over Senegal are produced, providing a spatial vision of their organization over the country, with a North to South gradient for the location and scale parameters of the GEV. An influence of the distance from the ocean was found for the scaling parameter. It is acknowledged in conclusion that climate change renders the inference of IDF curves sensitive to increasing non stationarity effects, requiring to warn end-users that they should be used with care and discernment.
Turbulence and hypoxia contribute to dense zooplankton scattering layers in Patagonian Fjord System
Authors: Pérez-Santos Iván , Castro Leonardo , Mayorga Nicolás , Ross Lauren , Cubillos Luis , Gutierrez Mariano , Niklitschek Edwin , Escalona Eduardo , Alegría Nicolás , Daneri Giovanni
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The Puyuhuapi Fjord is an atypical fjord, with two mouths, located in northern Patagonia (44.7° S). One mouth lies to the south, close to the Pacific Ocean, whilst the second connects with the Jacaf Channel to the north where a shallow sill inhibits deep water ventilation contributing to the hypoxic conditions below ~ 100 m depth. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler moorings, scientific echo sounder transects, and in-situ abundance measurements were used to study zooplankton assemblages and migration patterns along Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Channel. The acoustic records and in-situ zooplankton data revealed diel vertical migrations of siphonophores, euphausiids and copepods. A dense layer of zooplankton was observed along Puyuhuapi Fjord between the surface and the top of the hypoxic layer (~ 100 m), which acted as a physic-chemical barrier to the distribution and migration of the zooplankton. Aggregations of zooplankton and fishes were generally more abundant around the sill in Jacaf Channel than anywhere within Puyuhuapi Fjord. In particular, zooplanktons were distributed throughout the entire water column to ~ 200 m depth, with no evidence of a hypoxic boundary. Turbulence measurements taken near the sill in the Jacaf Channel indicated high turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates (ε ~ 10−4 W kg−1) and vertical diapycnal eddy diffusivity (Kρ ~ 10−2 m2 s−1) values. These elevated vertical mixing ensures that the water column well oxygenated and promotes zooplanktons aggregation. The sill region represents a major topographic contrast between the two fjords, and we suggest that this is an feature for future research on carbon export and fluxes in these fjords.
The Third World War: A Look at the Implications of Climate Change on Global, National Security
Authors: Schlusser Lauren
Published: October 2017

President Donald Trump ran to be president of the United States on a platform rife with statements denouncing the credibility of anthropogenic — man-made — climate change. In a separate, but equally important, vein, President Trump also expressed a commitment to ensure the security of US citizens both domestically and abroad. Today, however, it’s difficult to address national security effectively without simultaneously addressing global climate change. The two issues are intimately interwoven, and ignoring one issue will compromise the success of solving the other.
US Healthcare: A "Disaster" of a System
Authors: Myers Daphne
Published: October 2017

The United States has seen presidential administrations with lofty goals for healthcare policy come and go time and again since its founding, but never an efficient healthcare system. The healthcare debate has been raging in America for years. Should healthcare be universal? Should it be publicly or privately funded, or both? Should all citizens have the right to healthcare? Should all citizens be required by law to have healthcare? The case for universal healthcare seems to be the strongest because it is the most cost-effective way for society to fulfill its humanitarian obligations.
APROVEITAMENTO ENERGÉTICO DE BIOGÁS PRODUZIDO PELO TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES LÍQUIDOS URBANOS UTILIZANDO REATORES UASB: UM ESTUDO DE CASO PARA POÇOS DE CALDAS-MG
Authors: Souza Junior Paulo Antonio de , Lopes Matheus Martins
Published: October 2017

Atualmente é fato a busca por fontes alternativas de energia em muitos países, destacando, por exemplo, a substituição do uso dos combustíveis fósseis para obtenção da tão sonhada independência energética. No caso deste trabalho, mostra-se o potencial de aproveitamento do biogás produzido pelo tratamento de efluentes líquidos municipais, utilizando a tecnologia UASB no município de Poços de Caldas-MG, considerando-se o período de 2015-2035. A produção média de metano, o componente de interesse para processos de conversão energética, durante todo o período citado, foi calculada como sendo de 2092,6 m³/dia e a produção de energia elétrica durante esses anos alcançaria, em média, 5946,7 kWh/dia. O investimento necessário totalizaria R$ 1.424.344,42, considerando os custos com tecnologias para purificação, queimador, equipamentos de compressão e motor Otto nacional.
Produção de Briquetes de Resíduos Agrícolas e de Serraria, Acrescido de Resina de Breu Amarelo
Authors: Carvalho da Cruz Braulio Crisanto , Da Silva Denise Araújo , De Oliveira Álef Dos Santos , Santos Aderlei Barros
Published: October 2017

Com o objetivo de avaliar o poder da eficiência térmica de resíduos agrícolas e de serraria na produção de briquetes (lenha ecológica), avaliou-se o poder de combustão, densidade, umidade e minerais totais de briquetes de casca de arroz, caroço de açaí, acrescidos de pó de serra e breu amarelo.  Pode-se observar que os briquetes acrescidos de resina breu amarelo apresentaram uma melhor queima e textura, pelo poder de aglutinação que a resina proporcionou bem como maior queima, não houve diferença do potencial energético entre umidade, materiais voláteis e densidade. No teste de combustão, o tratamento com casca de arroz foi superior aos demais