bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ebb and Flow of Echocardiographic Cardiac Function Parameters in Relationship to Hemodialysis Treatment in Patients with ESRD
Authors: Loutradis Charalampos , Sarafidis Pantelis A. , Papadopoulos Christodoulos E. , Papagianni Aikaterini , Zoccali Carmine
Published: March 2018

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis. Cardiovascular events in these patients demonstrate a day-of-week pattern;i.e.,they occur more commonly during the last day of the long interdialytic interval and the first session of the week. The hemodialysis process causes acute decreases in cardiac chamber size and pulmonary circulation loading and acute diastolic dysfunction, possibly through myocardial stunning and other non–myocardial-related mechanisms; systolic function, in contrast, is largely unchanged. During interdialytic intervals volume overload, acid-base, and electrolyte shifts, as well as arterial and myocardial wall changes, result in dilatation of right cardiac chambers and pulmonary circulation overload. Recent studies suggest that these alterations are more extended during the long interdialytic interval or the first dialysis session of the week and are associated with excess volume overload or removal, respectively, thus adding a mechanism for the day-of-week pattern of mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis. This review summarizes the existing data from echocardiographic studies of cardiac morphology and function during the hemodialysis session, as well as during the interdialytic intervals.
Fungos aquáticos (Oomycota, Chytridiomycota) ocorrentes em anfíbios anuros em dois remanescentes de Mata Mtlântica, localizados em Santa Cruz do Sul e Venâncio Aires, RS, Brasil
Authors: Closs Francine Kist , Putzke Jair
Published: March 2018

Fungos patógenos de anfíbios estão entre os maiores vilões à biodiversidade de anuros, sendo de extrema importância um maior conhecimento destes organismos causadores de doenças. Buscou-se conhecer os fungos zoospóricos ocorrentes em anuros em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica na região de Venâncio Aires e Santa Cruz do Sul – RS. As amostragens em campo realizaram-se entre outubro de 2014 e abril de 2015, em Linha Estrela em Venâncio Aires e dentro da UNISC em Santa Cruz do Sul. As amostragens de anuros foram feitas a partir do método de procura visual ativa e procura em sítios de reprodução. Em laboratório, foi utilizado o método de isolamento por iscas para fungos aquáticos, adaptada. Foram amostrados 24 indivíduos de Anura, compostos por 9 espécies, enquadrados em 3 famílias (Hylidae, Leptodactylidae e Leiuperidae). Destes, 21 indivíduos apresentaram fungos zoospóricos, onde observou-se a ocorrência dos gêneros Achlya, Saprolegnia, Leptomitus, Apodachlya, a espécie Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis e indivíduos não identificados do filo Chytridiomycota. Até então, a ocorrência de B. dendrobatidis na região de estudo ainda não havia sido registrada, sendo este um dado alarmante.
Padrão de distribuição e estrutura populacional de Escallonia bifida Link & Otto em área em vias de restauração no RS
Authors: FELKER ROSELENE MAROSTEGA , ROVEDDER ANA PAULA MOREIRA , STEFANELLO MAUREEN DE MORAES , HUMMEL RAFAELA BADINELLI , PIAIA BRUNA BALESTRIN , Peccatti Aline , PIAZZA ELIARA MARIN , TOSO LUCAS DONATO , Camargo Betina
Published: March 2018

A distribuição populacional das espécies florestais é um importante subsídio para o entendimento da estrutura da floresta, e seu manejo econômico e conservacionista. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho é o estudo da estrutura populacional da espécie nativa Escallonia bifida Link & Otto, em área em vias de restauração na região central do RS. Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos da espécie presentes na classe regenerativa e arbórea nos anos de 2011 e 2012. Para avaliação da classe arbórea foram implantadas 16 parcelas de 10 x 10 m (Classe III) e 64 subparcelas de 5 x 5 m (Classe II) e para a regeneração 64 subparcelas de 5 x 5 m (Classe I). Na classe III foram medidos indivíduos de CAP ≥ 15 cm, na classe II indivíduos de 5,1 ≥ CAP ≤ 14,9 cm e classe I: 1 ≤ CAP ≥ 5 cm. Na avaliação da estrutura populacional foram analisados os parâmetros fitossociológicos, a distribuição espacial através do índice de Morisita e a distribuição diamétrica. A população de Escallonia bifida apresentou diminuição na frequência, densidade, valor de cobertura e importância de 2011 para 2012 e comportamento agregado. A distribuição diamétrica dos indivíduos apresentou modificações estruturais de 2011 para 2012, o que pode ser indicativo de mudanças sucessionais no fragmento em estudo.
Macrófitas biondicadoras em trecho urbano do Rio Grande – oeste da Bahia
Authors: Santos Crisliane Aparecida Pereira dos
Published: March 2018

A eutrofização causada por influência antrópica se caracteriza pelo excesso de nutrientes proveniente de práticas domésticas, agrícolas e industriais em lagos e rios, beneficiando algumas espécies produtoras que crescem em níveis elevados. O presente estudo buscou, através de levantamento bibliográfico, a construção de um panorama da utilização da água na região Oeste da Bahia, e também observou a presença de macrófitas aquáticas bioindicadoras de eutrofização em trecho do rio Grande. A área analisada correspondeu ao cais da cidade de Barreiras - BA, onde foi encontrada em pequena quantidade, a macrófita do gênero Eichchornia. Não se constatou a presença do processo de eutrofização do rio Grande, não pela ausência de antropização do rio, ou por fonte de poluição hídrica, mas sim pelo processo de autodepuração da matéria orgânica. O lançamento de efluentes, ao longo da cidade, reforça a necessidade de monitoramento periódico do rio, adequação de saneamento básico e, principalmente, prevenção da qualidade dos recursos hídricos.
Divergência genética entre acessos de pimentas com base em descritores morfológicos quantitativos
Authors: Silva Larissa Barbosa , Melo Leane Fialho de , Silva Verônica Brito da , Peron Ana Paula , Lopes Ângela Celis de Almeida , Ferreira Regina Lúcia Gomes
Published: March 2018

No presente trabalho analisou-se a divergência genética entre dez acessos de Capsicum sp, provenientes do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal do Piauí com base em descritores morfológicos quantitativos considerados relevantes para produtividade, bem como para ornamentação de ambientes, de pimentas. Tal análise foi realizada por meio dos métodos de agrupamento de Tocher e hierárquico (UPMGA), com o emprego da distância de Malahobis como medida de dissimilaridade. A partir dos resultados obtidos verificou-se divergência significativa entre os acessos estudados, sendo o acesso BAGC 26, da espécie C. baccatum, o mais dissimilar em relação aos acessos BAGC 40 e BAGC 59, da espécie C. annuum. Os descritores de maior contribuição para divergência genética entre as plantas de pimentas analisadas foram largura do fruto, comprimento do fruto e peso do fruto. Apesar do banco de germoplasma da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) ser recente e ainda contar com um pequeno número de acessos, os dados obtidos aqui demonstram importante variabilidade genética entre os materiais analisados, condição que, ainda que preliminar, favorece a implantação de programa de melhoramento de pimentas no Estado do Piauí.
The Hermeneutic-Dialectical as a Qualitative Research Analysis in Nursing
Authors: Víctor Federico Rodriguez Nava  , Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura  , Leticia Casique Casique  , Alejandra Hernández Castañón
Published: March 2018

The hermeneutic-dialectical analysis is a method that a nursing researcher uses consciously or unconsciously during the process of qualitative data analysis. This method begins as a proposal by Jürgen Habermas in his dialogue with Gadamer in order to show him that the universality of hermeneutics is in reason when the subject is capable of criticizing tradition and authority with an overview to transform reality. In isolation, the concept of hermeneutics has suffered a semantic metamorphosis in historical events; being an art or theory in explaining, translating or interpreting biblical, philosophical and legal texts, until it becomes a philosophical school characterized by the idea: “Truth is the fruit of interpretation. Alternatively, dialectic considers the art of conversation, dialogue, difference, opposition, discrepancy, controversy or argumentation. Dialectic is a branch of philosophy that confirms conflict between two judgments, generating these a final product named the resulting process. Because of this, when considering the advantages and disadvantages of both methods, Habermas remarks that his proposal of Hermeneutic-Dialectic analysis seeks the interpretation of hermeneutics with the critical application of dialectic, that within the qualitative data analysis in nursing, can be used to discover resemblances, inconsistencies, as well as being interpretative and critical in generating knowledge inside the nursing profession.
Arte e ideas sobre Naturaleza/ Art and ideas about Nature
Authors: Jaime Carbonel Alejandro
Published: March 2018

El presente ensayo reflexiona acerca de las distintas perspectivas conceptuales de lo que entendemos por Naturaleza y cómo ellas configuran nuestra realidad y nuestros quehaceres colectivos. Esta reflexión parte desde el ámbito artístico para después incorporar aspectos de la ecología política en la dialéctica Humano/Naturaleza, enfatizándo los puntos comunes y las intersecciones que consideramos interesantes. Tomamos tres ejemplos en la historia del arte reciente en donde identificamos las problemáticas conceptuales en torno a la configuración de la idea de lo natural. Primero desarrollaremos aspectos de la intersección entre arte y ciencia en los proyectos enciclopédicos y el impacto de la cartografía como la imagen que encarna dicha intersección. El segundo ejemplo presenta una mirada renovada hacia lo natural con el paisaje entrópico de Robert Smithson. El tercer ejemplo, la obra de Stelarc, reconfigura “Lo Natural” ante el impacto tecnológico de la civilización. Estas referencias nos sirven para ilustrar y desarrollar el debate de las ideas en la contemporaneidad acerca de la construcción cultural de la Naturaleza a través del arte y cómo este debate toma forma y es difundido por canales políticos que comparten o resisten los programas del poder para la permanente configuración de las representaciones del mundo.

Abstract

This essay reflects on the different conceptual perspectives of what we understand by Nature and how they shape our reality and our collective tasks. This reflection starts from the artistic field and then incorporates aspects of political ecology in the Human / Nature dialectic, emphasizing the common points and the intersections that we consider interesting. We take three examples in the history of recent art where we identify the conceptual problems around the configuration of the idea of ??the natural. First, we will develop aspects of the intersection between art and science in encyclopedic projects and the impact of cartography as the image that embodies this intersection. The second example presents a renewed look towards the natural with the entropic landscape of Robert Smithson. The third example, the artwork of Stelarc, reconfigures the Natural before the technological impact of human development. These references serve to illustrate and develop the debate of contemporary ideas about the cultural construction of Nature through art and how this debate takes shape and is disseminated through political channels that share or resist the programs of power for the permanent configuration of the representations of the world.
Allpa Mama: relaciones sociedad-naturaleza, procesos sociales y agencialidad/ Allpa Mama: society-nature relations, social movements and agency
Authors: Valdivieso Kastner Natalia Catalina , Premauer Marroquín Anna
Published: March 2018

Para las mujeres kichwas que habitan las cuencas de los ríos Bobonaza y Curaray en la provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador, moldear cerámica es no solo una actividad femenina por excelencia, sino que esta implica un modo de relacionamiento con los seres humanos y no humanos que habitan su entorno. En la actualidad, esta experiencia de vida se ha visto en riesgo a partir de las licitaciones petroleras que desde el 2012 se adelantan en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Frente a la amenaza que podrían constituir las concesiones extractivas, varias mujeres kichwas -la mayoría ceramistas- se han levantado políticamente manifestando su descontento y abogando por la preservación de sus territorios. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo exponer cómo las mujeres kichwas de Pastaza, entablan relaciones con el territorio y la naturaleza a través de sus cuerpos y del tejido de la cerámica. Se plantea que el moldeamiento del barro aparece como un dispositivo que, además de evidenciar esta relación, se ha convertido en un medio económico y político a través del cual las mujeres kichwas tejen redes y obran en defensa de la reproducción de la vida tal y como ellas la conciben.

Abstract

For the Kichwa women living at the Bobonaza and Curaray river basins, in the Pastaza Province, Ecuador, molding ceramics is not just an activity women should take care of, but it also implies a way of relating to other human and non-human beings inhabiting in their environment. It also conveys a relationship with the materials and social and symbolic structures that give meaning to their experience. Since 2012 oil extraction tenders in the Ecuadorian Amazon have been posing a threat to their life experience. In this context of threats associated to extractive concessions, a number of Kichwa women –most of them ceramists– have become politically active and put forth their voice of disagreement to advocate the preservation of their territories. This paper seeks to illustrate how Kichwa women from Pastaza establish relationships with nature and territory through their bodies and the activity of “knitting” ceramics. It is argued that the activity of molding clay is both evidence of this relationship, and of economic and political means through which Kichwa women knit social networks and become agents in defending their territories.
Narrativas del cine ambiental en Buenos Aires: ¿discursos expertos o enfoques alternativos?/ Narratives of the Environmental Films in Buenos Aires: Expert’s Speeches or Alternative Approaches?
Authors: Fernández Bouzo Soledad
Published: March 2018

El presente artículo analiza y compara las principales narrativas que los distintos dispositivos institucionales de cine ambiental ponen en circulación en Buenos Aires a través de sus películas documentales. Las preguntas clave son: ¿qué tipo de narrativas y enfoques del ambientalismo movilizan tales dispositivos?, ¿a través de qué argumentos lo hacen?, ¿predominan en ellos discursos expertos que confían en la potencialidad de ciertos cambios culturales y/o en las innovaciones científico-tecnológicas dentro de las economías capitalistas globales?, ¿o más bien encontramos enfoques alternativos que cuestionan las bases mismas del capitalismo en la actualidad? Con el fin de contestar los interrogantes, llevamos adelante un análisis sociológico en dos niveles: uno de orden institucional, orientado a caracterizar las redes de actores que se conforman alrededor de los dispositivos de cine ambiental, y otro nivel de carácter narrativo, cuyo objetivo es rastrear los distintos enfoques y discursos sobre la cuestión ambiental.

Abstract

This article analyzes and compares the main narratives circulated by different environmental film institutional devices in Buenos Aires through their documentary films. The key questions are: What type of narratives and approaches of environmentalism mobilize such devices? Which arguments are used? Are they dominated by expert’s speeches which rely on the potential of certain cultural changes and/or science and technology innovations within global capitalist economies? Or rather are they alternative approaches questioning the very foundations of capitalism today? In order to answer those questions, we conducted a sociological analysis on two levels: an institutional one, aimed at characterizing the networks of actors that are formed around the environmental film devices, and a narrative one, the purpose of which is to track the main speeches and approaches on the environmental issue.
Achievement Indicators for Sustainable Development Goals in Education and National Education Policies
Authors: Agranovich Mark
Published: March 2018

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, or “action for people, planet and prosperity”, was adopted by the United Nations in 2015. An important role belongs to the education, which embraces ten targets. Currently, the international community coordinating by UNESCO is actively developing a set of indicators to reflect the level of the education goal and targets achievement. The article investigates the possibility of using a common set of indicators for countries with vastly differing socioeconomic conditions and levels of  education system development and applying universal indicators to elaborate national education policies in different countries. Context analysis of the indicators of sustainable development goal and targets achievement, and differences in the interpretation of the indicators depending on specific country characteristics are analyzed.
Lifelong Learning in the Context of Economic Development and Government Effectiveness
Authors: Korshunov Ilya , Gaponova Olga
Published: March 2018

Statistical data is used to analyze formal and supplementary adult education attainment rates in the European Union, OECD countries and Russia depending on the basic economic development characteristics and the government effectiveness index that the World  Bank has used to assess the quality of governance for the last two decades. In countries with low GDP, formal and supplementary adult education attainment rates are linearly dependent on the size of investment in fixed capital and show weak correlation with the index of government effectiveness. In countries with high levels of GDP and active investment processes, the key role in the growth of formal and supplementary education attainment rates is played by governmental actions that prompt the population and employers to engage in learning and supplementary education programs. Region-specific Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) data shows similar correlations between engagement of the employed population in lifelong learning and economic development  indicators. The study includes analysis of official development strategies and the existing lifelong learning policies pursued by the countries as well as national cases that include the content of education programs, target groups and measures to maintain the adult population’s access to lifelong learning. Incentives to increase formal and supplementary adult education attainment rates are identified, and the relationship between their implementation and economic development of countries is determined.
Конструирование старения: секс и интимность в пожилом возрасте
Authors: Зеликова Юлия Александровна
Published: March 2018

Юлия Александровна Зеликова – к.с.н., доцент Северо-западного института управления РАНХиГС, Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Электронная почта: zelikova-ia@sziu.ranepa.ru

Статья посвящена изучению интимных и сексуальных отношений в пожилом возрасте. Дискурс о старении в современном обществе строится вокруг утверждения, что с возрастом снижаются способности, потребности и желания, в том числе сексуальные. Старение воспринимается обществом как поражение человека, как неспособность жить вне заданных характеристик возраста. Цель статьи – продемонстрировать ошибочность представлений о сексуальности в пожилом возрасте. Исследование исходит из конструктивистского похода, в рамках которого старение – это процесс, обусловленный социальными институтами. В фокусе исследования находятся общественные стереотипы о сексуальной жизни пожилых людей, нормы поведения, приписываемые обществом, и социальные ожидания, влияющие на личную интимную жизнь в пожилом возрасте. Эмпирической базой являются 18 нарративных интервью с людьми в возрасте от 65 лет до 81 года. Анализ интервью реконструирует сексуальные проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются люди пожилого возраста, позволяет увидеть их новый сексуальный опыт и понять, какой смысл они придают интимности и телесности. Особое внимание уделяется тому, как пожилые партнеры поддерживают отношения друг с другом. В статье показано, что в современной России конструирование пожилого возраста осуществляется, в частности, с помощью контроля над сексуальностью в форме отказа пожилым людям в праве на сексуальную активность. Интимность, телесность и сексуальность пожилых людей воспринимаются как отступление от нормы и несоответствие ожиданиям. Такое явление следует описывать как эйджизм, поскольку эти практики производят маргинализирующий и стигматизирующий дискурс в отношении пожилых людей.
International Policy Frameworks on Ageing: Assessing Progress in Reference to the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing
Authors: Sidorenko Alexandre , Zaidi Asghar
Published: March 2018

Alexandre Sidorenko – Senior Advisor, European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Vienna, Austria. Email: sidorenko.alexandre@gmail.com

Asghar Zaidi – Professor in International Social Policy, University of Southampton, UK. Email: Asghar.Zaidi@soton.ac.uk

The central goal of this article is to review progress made in implementing the international policy frameworks on ageing, focusing on the Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing (VIPAA) and in more detail on the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA). The article offers a critical examination of the current approaches to monitoring and assessing the implementation process, outlining promising avenues for the future. In this way, the limitations of the current procedures for following the policy priorities of the MIPAA can be highlighted. What is found is that progress in many countries is hampered by inherent subjectivity in assessing and reporting advancement, lack of continuity and consistency, and difficulties in comparing the national level progress with international development in the same areas. The current year, 2017 / 2018, is momentous as we reach the end of the third five-year implementation cycle of the MIPAA. Introspection now should not merely focus on assessing the progress made but also on how the implementation of the MIPAA could be strengthened. In the same spirit, the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development Goals presents new opportunities; especially its pledges 'Leave no one behind' and 'Reach the furthest behind first', which imply that the older population can serve as agents of development. In moving forward, an essential requirement will have to be the establishment of an internationally acceptable set of indicators, which can be employed for assessing national progress in addressing the challenges and opportunities of ageing and monitoring the international efforts to implement international policy frameworks like the MIPAA. Along the lines of the dashboard of indicators used in the Active Ageing Index 'AAI', there should be a MIPAA monitoring toolkit with different layers of indicators, which are aligned with the three priority directions of the MIPAA.
Re-imagining Russia’s Social Care System in the Age of the Internet: the Gerontological NGO Dobroe Delo, the Madrid Plan, and the Rights of the Elderly
Authors: Harris Jane
Published: March 2018

Jane Gary Harris – Professor emerita, Department of Slavic Languages, Literatures and Cultures, and MSW in Gerontology, University of Pittsburgh, USA. Email: jgharris@pitt.edu

enced significant challenges and changes. This paper explores the rationale behind those challenges and the agency behind the changes. In doing so it raises several questions: it asks what role NGOs, and more specifically, Gerontological NGOs, played in advocating for and bringing about change, where and how they may or should be credited with helping to re-imagine a modern aging policy for the Russian Federation, and what implications this may have for aging policy priorities in the present and imminent future? It proposes that the incipient Gerontological NGO sector was instrumental in re-imagining a modern social care system for older persons – the basis for a modern comprehensive aging policy: by, among other things, utilizing the internet in the social sphere to advocate for the principles and recommendations of the United Nations model Madrid Plan; by advocating for the rights of the elderly; by calling for integrated social and medical care; and by linking gerontological research and aging policy. An inquiry into the nature of the influence of these NGOs on aging policy priorities required a micro-level examination of the particularly influential Gerontological NGO Dobroe Delo, suggesting its seminal role in unifying an inchoate Gerontological NGO sector, while simultaneously transforming the basic paradigm of aging policy to focus on the 'Rights of the Elderly.' In addition, this paper proposes that such research is critical to understanding how Russia’s aging policy has been re-imagined over the past decade and a half while asking what policy issues yet remain to confront future demographic demands.
Горький хлеб старости? Социальные практики питания пожилых людей
Authors: Веселов Юрий Витальевич , Таранова Ольга Александровна , Цзинь Цзюнькай
Published: March 2018

Юрий Витальевич Веселов – д.с. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой экономической социологии, факультет социологии, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Электронная почта: yurivitalievichveselov@yahoo.com

Ольга Александровна Таранова – ассистент кафедры экономической социологии, факультет социологии, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Электронная почта: o. a.taranova@gmail.com

Цзюнькай Цзинь – аспирант кафедры экономической социологии, факультет социологии, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Электронная почта: j530519513@126.com

Одна из важных задач социологии питания – исследование социальной дифференциации и повседневных практик потребления продовольствия различными социальными группами населения. В статье рассматриваются вопросы питания пожилых людей. На основе эмпирического исследования «Еда и мы» и анализа статистики, мы показываем, как обстоит дело с питанием пожилых людей. Вопреки устоявшемуся стереотипу – старики питаются очень плохо, мы утверждаем, что в группе пожилых людей есть существенные различия. Базовым фактором, определяющим такую модель потребления, является образование, формирующее рациональный и систематический подход к потребляемой пище. В первой части статьи рассматривается предмет социологии питания и ее теоретические основания. Мы утверждаем, что процессы потребления еды социально структурированы и институциализированы. Вкус к еде пожилых людей определен их габитусом, который формировался еще в советское время тотального дефицита продуктов питания (отсюда склонность пожилых людей делать запасы). Он зависит как от экономических возможностей, так и от обладания культурным капиталом. Еда – это система коммуникации, она всегда обозначает определенную социальную ситуацию: разговоры пожилых людей вращаются вокруг рынков, магазинов, цен на продовольствие, акций супермаркетов, возможностей приготовления различных блюд. Так еда тематизируется и наполняется смыслом. Затем мы рассматриваем структуру и режимы питания пожилых людей (на основе статистических данных Росстата и Петростата); основная проблема – несбалансированная диета пожилых людей, перекос в сторону дешевой углеводной пищи, при дефиците белков и полезных жиров. Мы исследуем социальные различия в питании пожилых людей; еду вне дома как фактор их социализации; изучаем взаимосвязь здоровья и питания, а также социально-психологическое отношение к еде. В заключении подводятся итоги и даются практические рекомендации по созданию системы здорового питания пожилых людей.
The influence of agricultural tillage practices on soil biodiversity: Soil metagenomic methods, microbial community v1
Authors: Strohm Jeff , Robert Hanner not provided , Richard J Heck not provided
Published: March 2018

This protocol provides the sampling and molecular biology lab methods used to prepare microbial amplicons for MiSeq sequencing.
The Problem of Correction Diagnostic Errors in the Target Attribute With the Function of Rival Similarity
Authors: Borisova I.A. , Kutnenko O.A.
Published: March 2018

The problem of outliers detection is one of the important problems in Data Mining of biomedical datasets particularly in case when there could be misclassified objects,
caused by diagnostic pitfalls on a stage of a data collection. Occurrence of such objects complicates and slows down dataset processing, distorts and corrupts detected regularities,
reduces their accuracy score. We propose the censoring algorithm which could detect misclassified objects after which they are either removed from the dataset or the class
attribute of such objects is corrected. Correction procedure keeps the volume of the analyzed dataset as big as it is possible. Such quality is very useful in case of small
datasets analysis, when every bit of information can be important. The base concept in the presented work is a measure of similarity of objects with its surroundings.
To evaluate the local similarity of the object with its closest neighbors the ternary relative measure called the function of rival similarity (FRiS-function) is used.
Mean of similarity values of all objects in the dataset gives us a notion of a class’s separability, how close objects from the same class are to each other and how far
they are from the objects of the different classes (with the different diagnosis) in the attribute space. It is supposed misclassified objects are more similar to objects
from rival classes, than their own class, so their elimination from the dataset, or the target attribute correction should increase data separability value. The procedure
of filtering-correcting of misclassified objects is based on the observation of changes in the evaluation of data separability calculated before and after making corrections
to the dataset. The censoring process continues until the inflection point of the separability function is reached. The proposed algorithm was tested on a wide range of model tasks
of different complexity. Also it was tested on biomedical tasks such as Pima Indians Diabetes data set, Breast Cancer data set and Parkinson data set. On these tasks the censoring
algorithm showed high misclassification sensitivity. Accuracy score increasing and data set volume preservation after censoring procedure proved our base assumptions and the effectiveness
of the algorithm.
ACTION OF CHONDROITIN SULFATE ON THE GLUTATHIONE SYSTEM IN BLOOD SERUM AT СARRAGEENAN-INDUCED ACUTE INFLAMMATION
Authors: Dvorshchenko K. , Ashpin M. , Torgalo E. , Tymoshenko M. , Ostapchenko L.
Published: March 2018

Increase of content of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) is fixed in blood serum at carrageenan-induced rat paw inflammation, as well as increase of the glutathione transferase activity. Upon the same experimental conditions, the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were decreased. All above mentioned indices was closer to control values in animals treated simultaneously with сarrageenan and drug on the basis of chondroitin sulfate.
HEAT- AND DROUGHTRESISTANCE OF SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS RHODODENDRON L.
Authors: Nuzhyna N. , Kondratiuk-Stoyan V.
Published: March 2018

Data about changing the content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of plants Rhododendron makinoi, R. degronianum, R. сallimorphum and R. brachycarpum after exposure to high temperatures are presented. Established degree of drought resistance of these plants. The most drought- and heat-resistant species are plants of Japanese origin.
Gastrointestinal semptomlara göre kapsül endoskopinin açıklayıcı gücü ve önemi
Authors: ORMAN Süleyman , GÜLTEKİN Orhan Sami
Published: March 2018

Giriş ve Amaç: Kapsül endoskopi sebebi bulunamayan gastrointestinal semptomları araştırmada sıklıkla kullanılan bir tanı yöntemidir. Amacımız gastrointestinal semptomlara göre kapsül endoskopinin açıklayıcı gücü ve önemini saptamaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kapsül endoskopi yapılan 95 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik verileri, şikayetleri, kapsül endoskopik verileri, gastroskopi ve kolonoskopi sonuçları değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların %38,9’u (n=37) kadın; %61,1’i (n=58) erkek idi. İşlemler sırasında toplam 141 lezyon saptandı. Olguların yaş ortalaması 56,98±18,95 (14-92) idi. Gizli gastrointestinal sistem kanaması ile başvuran hastalarda 44 lezyon saptanmış olup bunların %61,4’ü jejunumda idi. Açık gastrointestinal sistem kanaması ile başvuran hastalarda 56 lezyon saptanmış olup bunların %42,9’u jejunumda idi. İshal ile başvuran hastalarda 16 lezyon saptanmış olup bunların %50’si ileumda yer almaktaydı. Karın ağrısı ile başvuran hastalarda 25 lezyon saptanmış olup bunların %56’sı ileumda görülmekte idi. Açık ve gizli gastrointestinal sistem kanaması şikayetleri bulunan hastalarda en sık saptanan lezyon türü ve yeri jejunal angiodisplaziler olup sırasıyla 21/37 ve 20/32 olarak saptandı. İshal ve karın ağrısı şikayetleri bulunan hastalarda en sık saptanan lezyon türü ve yeri ileal Crohn hastalığı olup sırasıyla 4/5 ve 3/4 olarak saptandı. Semptom sayısına göre hastalardeğerlendirildiğinde hastaların %41.1’inde (n=39) yalnızca tek semptom olduğu gözlendi. Semptomlar tek tek ele alındığında hastaların en sık anemi (49/170) ile başvurduğu gözlenmiştir. Anemi ile başvuran hastaların %79,6’sında herhangi bir lezyon saptanmıştır. Ancak herhangi bir lezyon saptananların %97,4’ünün patolojiyi açıklayıcı lezyon olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Kapsül endoskopi uygun endikasyonla kullanıldığında gastrointestinal semptomların nedenini saptamada oldukça etkin bir tanı yöntemidir.
Investigation the effect of propranolol, metoprolol and carvedilol on spermatogenesis in rat testis
Authors: Eren Huseyin , Sivrikaya Abdullah , Cobanoglu Umit , Kalyoncu Nuri Ihsan , Karaguzel Ersagun , Topbaş Murat , Kazaz Ilke Onur , Horsanali Mustafa Ozan , Kutlu Omer
Published: March 2018

Background: Coronary arterial diseases are one of the increasing disease around the worldwide. Because of common using of the beta blockers, we aimed to investigate the effect of different beta-adrenergic receptor blockers on spermatogenesis in male rats.Methods: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were obtained. Totally 32 rats homogenized according to their weight and divided into four groups that each one includes eight rats. Three of groups were determined as drug groups and remained groups were determined as a control group. Propranolol 40mg/kg, Metoprolol succinate 60mg/kg, Carvedilol 30mg/kg dosage was given by oral gavage within the saline solution, and the only saline solution was given to control group for 21 days, respectively. After 21 days rats were sacrificed, and testis were extracted. Then, histopathologic evaluation was performed.Results: There was statistical significance both right and left testis volume of experimental between control and carvedilol groups (p<0.05). There was statistical histopathological significance between control and carvedilol (p<0.05), control and propranolol (p<0.05), metoprolol succinate and propranolol (p<0.05), metoprolol succinate and carvedilol groups (p<0.05), respectively.Conclusions: Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers have adverse effects on spermatogenesis. Especially propranolol and carvedilol that were non-selective, effects spermatogenesis worse than selective beta blockers such as metoprolol succinate. Extensive use of these drugs may affect spermatogenesis in male, so male patients who have a complaint of infertility should be questioned regarding the use of beta blockers.
Effect of exercise on heart rate recovery index in normotensive offspring with family history of hypertension
Authors: Jha Amrendra , Karki Prajwal , Agrahari Ritika , Kumari Neha
Published: March 2018

Background: The relationship between autonomic system and cardiovascular mortality is significant and this study can be used to study the hereditary risk that an individual carries to develop any autonomic dysfunction and its effect on cardiovascular status. In this study, we aimed to investigate the heart rate recovery index and prevalence of cardiovascular risks in subjects with hypertensive parents.Methods: A total of 30 subjects and 30 healthy controls were recruited in the study. Their anthropometrical and cardiovascular parameters were recorded. Heart rate, blood pressure, weight and height of subjects were measured and BMI calculated. After 3 min step test heart rate will be measured in 1, 2, 3 and 5 minute and heart rate recovery index calculated by subtracting maximum heart rate achieved during exercise by heart rate measured in 1,2,3 and 5 minute. The heart rate recovery index (HRRI) is calculated by extracting the maximum heart rate during treadmill stress testing from the heart rate.Results: The 1st minute HRRI was not significantly different in the groups (43.87±11.54 and 43.00±18.77 respectively, p=0.88). Likewise, the 2nd minute HRRI (50.07±10.38and49.07±16.32 respectively, p=0.843), 3rd minute HRRI (53.33±12.72 and 53.60±17.56 respectively, p=0.962), 4th minute HRRI (55.07±13.25 and 54.60±14.73 respectively, p= 0.928) and 5th minute HRRI (56.33±14.58 and 54.87±14.93 respectively, p=0.788) were also not significantly different.Conclusions: Findings of this study suggest that in the absence high arterial pressure and other comorbidities, a family history of hypertension is not accompanied by dysfunction of autonomic system.
Association of chronic viral hepatitis with ABO blood groups and rhesus (Rh) factor
Authors: Shakeel Hassan Abdullah , Maqsood Hamza , Ali Basit , Khan Ali Raza
Published: March 2018

Background: Chronic viral hepatitis includes hepatitis B and hepatitis C and is responsible for causing the deaths of millions of people all across the world each year. Although there are small studies in literature about association between ABO blood groups and chronic viral hepatitis, only few studies found relation between them. The objective of this case control study is to establish a relation between the host factors and these viral infections.Methods: This is a case control study on patients diagnosed with CVHB and CVHC. The study was conducted on 508 patients reported to Nishtar Hospital, Multan and Sheikh Zayd Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.709 healthy blood donors were selected as a control group from Nishtar Hospital blood bank during December 2016 and December 2017.The results were subjected to SPSS v.20 for analysis using the chi square test. The patients and blood donors were also asked about certain demographic factors like age, sex and blood transfusions.Results: Among CVHB patients,173(100%), the distribution of blood groups was following: Group A, 38 (21.96%), B, 57 (32.94%), AB, 11 (6.35%), O, 67 (38.72%). 158 (91.32%) were Rh positive and 15 (8.67%) Rh negative. In CVHC patients, 335 (100%), the distribution was following: Group A, 69 (20.59%), B, 123 (36.71%), AB, 24 (7.16%), O, 119 (35.52%). 303 (90.44%) were Rh positive while 32 (9.55%) were Rh negative. In healthy blood donors, 167 (23.55%) were group A, 225 (31.73%) group B, 41(5.78%) group AB, 276 (38.92%) group O.632 (89.13%) were Rh positive and 77 (10.86%) Rh negative.Conclusions: There was no significant difference between blood groups(p>0.5) and Rh(p>0.5) with chronic viral hepatitis. However, it was also observed that the infections of HCV increase among (26-45) years old patients while the HBV infections increase with progression of age. Association of chronic viral hepatitis infection with blood group types needs more studies to get more knowledge about this aspect.
Clinical evaluation of adding solitary dose of magnesium to fentanyl on post-operative analgesia during combined spinal epidural technique for hip replacement procedures
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Kaur Daljit , Ahmad Bilal , Kumar Abhishek , Agarwal Divya
Published: March 2018

Background: Numerous receptors such as NMDA have evolved in the management of post-operative pain which can be antagonized effectively before the initiation of painful stimuli. The analgesic property of Magnesium is primarily related to the regulation of calcium inﬂux and antagonism of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors distributed throughout the central nervous system. This study was designed to evaluate if addition of magnesium to epidural fentanyl as pre-emptive solitary dose could prolong post-operative analgesia during combined spinal epidural anesthesia in elective hip replacement surgeries.Methods: A total of 63 adult consented ASA grade I and II patients aged between 40 and 70 years of either sex, who met the inclusion criteria for hip replacement surgery, were randomized to receive either epidural fentanyl (Group I) or combined epidural magnesium sulphate and fentanyl (Group II). Both the groups subsequently received subarachnoid block with 0.5 % heavy bupivacaine. Intraoperative hemodynamic, subarachnoid block characteristics and 24 hours post-operative analgesia was evaluated.Results: There was significant delay in two dermatome regression for the combined fentanyl magnesium group (149.07±6.48 min) compared to fentanyl alone group (121.23±2.92 min). The post-operative VAS score was statistically lower for the combined fentanyl magnesium group (lowest:0.7±0.4 at 4th hr, highest: 2.9±0.3 at 20th hr) compared to fentanyl alone group (lowest:1.86±1.7 at 5th hr, highest: 3.37±0.9 at 4th hr). There was highly significant difference in average time to first epidural top up and 24hrs epidural top up consumption between fentanyl alone group (264.83±34.08min, 2.8±0.5) and combined fentanyl magnesium group (398±69.55min, 1.43±0.5). Total epidural top ups were 84 in fentanyl alone group and 43 in combined fentanyl magnesium group. Hemodynamic parameters were stable in both groups.Conclusions: Pre-emptive co-administration of magnesium sulphate as a solitary dose to epidural fentanyl in CSE technique prolongs the duration of post-operative analgesia, reduce the requirement of epidural top up and provide stable hemodynamic perioperatively compared to epidural fentanyl alone.
Derangement in lipid profile in nephrotic syndrome in children
Authors: Biswas Arnab , Basu Rajarshi
Published: March 2018

Background: Hyperlipidemia, an important characteristic of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children (NS),thereby makes them prone to develop premature atherosclerosis and related complications.Methods: We have investigated the changes in different fractions of lipids and apolipoproteins level in thirtychildren of 1-12 years of age with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Twenty-six age and sex matched hospitalizedchildren, suffering from non-renal diseases, were enrolled as controls.Results: The results revealed that ApoB along with cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol, were significantly increased (p<0.001), whereas apoA1 and HDL-cholesterol were unaltered in the patients compared to the controls. Further, the ratios cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride: HDL-cholesterol and LDL cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol were also increased (p<0.001) and apoA1: apoB were lowered (p<0.001) in patients of nephrotic syndrome.Conclusions: Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the lipid and lipoprotein levels early and so that appropriate therapy can be offered to selective candidates.
Epidemiology of pseudoexfoliation syndrome: a hospital based comparative study
Authors: Kounsar Hina , Shaheen Nusrat , Rather Suhail R.
Published: March 2018

Background: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), is an age-related condition with generalized disorder of the extracellular matrix (ECM) characterized by a pathological accumulation of polymorphic fibrillar extracellular material in ocular tissue and various visceral organs. The search for the etiology of pseudoexfoliation syndrome has been directed towards both genetic and environmental factors. It is associated with many ocular and systemic complications.Methods: The study was a hospital based comparative clinical study with 100 consecutive patients with pseudoexfoliation and age and sex matched 100 patients as control without pseudoexfoliation. The patients were registered on a Pre-structured Proforma which included patients’ demographic detail, history and examination. Examination protocol including visual acuity with snellen’s chart for literate patients and E-Chart for illiterate patients, intraocular pressure (by Goldmann applanation tonometry), slit lamp examination and fundus examination.Results: The mean age of cases was 65.93± 7.82 years ranging from 49 to 85 years. The mean age of controls was 63.98± 7.06 years ranging from 50 to 80 years (p=0.139). 72% of cases were more than 60 years old. Male female ratio was 1.63:1. Most of the cases were from Budgam, Bandipora and Ganderbal areas. Spring water was proportionately more frequently used as water source in cases (χ2 =18.5, p=0.000), and tube well water in controls. The mean duration of smoking was 26.63±24.74 pack years for cases and 14.88±17.10 pack years for controls (p=0.000). Average duration of daytime exposure for cases was 6.68±2.13 hours and for controls it was 4.52±2.53 hours. Among cases 12 patients (12%) were on treatment for glaucoma whereas among controls, 1 patient (1%) was on treatment for glaucoma. With respect to dietary habits, there was no difference between cases and controls. Farmers comprised of 49% of cases, followed by House wives and government employees.Conclusions: The study concludes that PEX is very common in our region, increasing with age and more in men. Smoking, occupations involved with sunlight exposure, spring water as water source are possible risk factors for PEX. Glaucoma and cataract are common ocular complications of the syndrome.
Correlation of histologic grade of breast carcinoma with hormone receptor status in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: George Greeshma Ann , Bembde Archana Sachin , Borde Neha , Bhale Chandrashekhar
Published: March 2018

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting the female population worldwide. Prognosis and management of breast cancer are influenced by variables such as stage, grade, hormone receptor status of oestrogen(ER), progesterone(PR) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2/neu) overexpression. Aim to correlate grade of tumour with ER, PR and HER2/neu receptor status of breast carcinoma.Methods: A prospective study was done in Pathology department, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra for one year. Out of 65 cases studied, 28 cases were biopsy and 37 cases were modified radical mastectomy specimens. All samples were subjected for routine histological examination and immunohistochemical analysis.Results: Age of patients ranged from 30 to 82 years; 60% of tumours were right sided; 46% were involving upper outer quadrant; 58% were radiologically BI-RADS 4; 46% tumours were histopathologically grade 2 and 90% were invasive breast carcinoma, not otherwise specified. By immunohistochemistry, 60% were ER/PRpositive, 9% HER2/neu positive, 26% triple negative and 5% HER2/neu equivocal. In our study, out of 13 grade 1 tumours, 100% were ER/PRpositive and HER2/neu negative; thus an inverse relationship was found between HER2/neu and ER/PR receptors. Also 70% of triple negative tumours were grade 3 which have an aggressive behaviour compared to other subtypes and were common in premenopausal women.Conclusions: Assessment of hormone receptors for clinical management of breast cancer patients is strongly advocated to provide prognostic information and best therapeutic options. A significant correlation was observed between hormonal receptor status and the grade of tumour.