bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Core@Shell Composites with Gold Nanoparticles Trapped inside Ceramic Silica Shells by the Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Huang Chien Jung , Chiu Pin Hsiang , Wang Yeong Her
Published: March 2009

This paper describes a sol-gel (SG) method for the coating of gold nanoparticles with uniform
shells of amorphous silica. The thickness of silica could be conveniently controlled in the range of 10 to
120 nm by increasing the amount of water. Although spherical gold nanoparticles generally have a surface
plasmon resonance (SPR) at a wavelength of about 520 nm, a spherical gold core with a silica shell offers
a very highly tunable SPR wavelength depending on the thickness of the silica shell.
Fabrication of Thick Silicon Nitride Substrates by Tape Casting
Authors: Ma Si Hua , Ning Xiao Shan , Fu Teng , Zhou He Ping , Chen Ke Xin
Published: March 2009

High thermal conductive Si3N4 is a promising candidate for producing high quality ceramic
substrates used in vehicles. Although a lot of researches have been carried out on the tape casting of Si3N4,
they were mainly restricted in fabricating thin films with a thickness less than 200μm which are not
sufficient for producing substrate. With larger thickness, tapes tend to crack during drying. In this work,
slurry of α-Si3N4 with Y2O3-MgO as additives was prepared using an azeotropic mixture of
methylisobutylketone/methyehtylketone/cyclohexanone as media. To obtain thick green tapes, the
amount of dispersant, binder and plasticizer in the slurry were optimized, and the effects of drying
temperature on the cracking behavior of the tape were studied. By controlling the composition of the
slurry and the drying conditions, thick green tapes with thicknesses up to 1.8mm were successfully
fabricated, and Si3N4 substrates were produced after subsequent gas-pressing sintering, which were flat
and had a relative density as high as 98.2%.
Effect of HVOF Sprayed MCrAlY Coating on Thermomechanical and Isothermal Fatigue Life of Superalloy M963
Authors: Huang Z.W. , Wang Zhong Guang , Zhu Shijie , Yuan F.H. , Wang F.G.
Published: March 2009

A cast nickel based superalloy M963 was coated by high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying
process. The effect of HVOF MCrAlY coating on thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) and isothermal
fatigue (IF) in M963 was studied to understand fatigue life and failure mechanisms in coated and
uncoated M963 alloy. Two types of TMF tests, i.e. in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP), were
performed in temperature range of 450~900°C, and IF tests were conducted at 900°C. It was found
that the coating had a detrimental effect on fatigue life under OP TMF, while a beneficial effect of the
coating existed under IP TMF and IF. Crack initiation time in the coated specimen was shorter than
that in the uncoated specimen and the former’s crack density was higher than the latter’s one under
OP TMF. The relationship of deformation and fracture response with fatigue life was discussed based
on microscopic analysis.
Gap Phenomena of Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Electrical Discharge Machining in Gas
Authors: Zhang Qin He , Zhang Jian Hua , Su Shu Peng , Gao Qing
Published: March 2009

Ultrasonic vibration aided electrical discharge machining (UEDM) in gas is a new machining technology developed in recent years. This technology uses air or oxygen as dielectric and ultrasonic vibration is applied to the workpiece during machining. UEDM in gas can avoid environment pollution, the most serious disadvantage of conventional EDM in kerosene-based oil or other dielectric fluids, and it is environmental-friendly. The technology also has virtues of wide applications, high machining efficiency, and simple tool electrodes and so on. In this paper, the formation and transformation of the spark plasma and the mechanism of material removal during a single pulse discharge are introduced.
Simulation of Surface Topography in Ball-End Milling Considering the Tool Deflection and Runout
Authors: Zhao Jun , Ai Xing , Fang Wen Yong , Han Shi Guo
Published: March 2009

The present work puts forward a generalized simulation model to evaluate the topography
of ball-end milled surfaces by considering both the tool deflection and the tool runout. Firstly, a solid
ball-end mill with S-shaped cutting edges is modeled as the basis. Then the tool tip trajectory is
derived from the tool runout as well as the cutting forces induced tool deflection. And consequently
the topography and scallop height of the machined surface are estimated by the numerical calculations
of the matrix equations. With good expandibility, the proposed model can incorporate more
machining information such as the movements of rotatory axes and tool wear, and hence, can be used
to optimize the cutting conditions and parameters in 5-axis ball-end milling process.
Investigation on Simulation for Grind-Hardening Temperature Field of Non-Quenched and Tempered Steel
Authors: Li Shu Sheng , Xiao Bing , Qin Song Xiang , Song Zheng He , Su Hong Hua , Gong Huan
Published: March 2009

This paper studies the grinding temperature field of non-quenched and tempered steels grind-hardening technology using experiments and finite simulation. A mathematical model of grind-hardening temperature field is established to investigate steel 48MnV which is used for making crankshaft. The grinding temperature field is simulated and the hardened depth is forecasted by finite-element method with the triangular shape of the heat source model based on the ANSYS software. The experimental results show that the simulative temperature and estimating hardened depth are comparatively close to the measuring ones. The model could be utilized to forecast the distribution and variation characteristics of the grinding temperature field and the hardened layer depth.
Experimental Research on Machining Performance of Parallel Machine Tool
Authors: Wu Hai Bing , Zuo Dun Wen , Liu Yuan Wei
Published: March 2009

The machining accuracy and the surface roughness of workpieces machined by the PKM
named BJ-04-02(A) are evaluated by machining experiments in this paper. The machining accuracy
includes that of size, shape and position. Size includes the diameter and length. Shape accuracy
includes straightness, roundness and cylindricity. Position accuracy includes perpendicularity,
parallelism, inclination and concentricity. The experiment results show that the surface roughness
and the straightness basically meet the demand of JB/T8771.7-1998, but other accuracy indexes are
not consistent well with the mechanical standard. However, the machining accuracy becomes bad
when machining tool is far away from the center of the workspace.
Development of Vision Guided Grinding System for Diamond Turning Tools
Authors: Qiu Zhong Jun , Zhou Li Bo , Eda Hiroshi , Imai T. , Yamada M.
Published: March 2009

Currently, most of the diamond turning tools used for precision machining are still
manually manufactured, the profile accuracy of the diamond cutting edge depends on the operator’s
experience and skill, so that the process need to be automated. Therefore in this research, an
automated grinding system has been developed for the diamond turning tools, controlled by a vision
system. The profile of the diamond turning tools is captured in real time via CCD camera. The
deviation from an ideal circle is calculated and feedback to the controller, the grinding system then
removes cutting edge of turning tool selectively to achieve high quality and high productivity.
Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior and Microcracks Nucleation on Duplex Stainless Steels
Authors: Alvarez-Armas I. , Degallaix Suzanne
Published: March 2009

The cyclic hardening–softening response, the cyclic stress–strain curve and the substructure evolution of a high nitrogen duplex stainless steel S32750 have been evaluated and the results compared with reference to low and medium nitrogen duplex stainless steels, S32205 and S32900 grades, respectively. The beneficial effects of nitrogen on the cyclic properties of most modern alloys have been analyzed in terms of the flow stress components, i.e. the internal and the effective stress.
Surface Cracks in Round Bars under Cyclic Tension or Bending
Authors: Carpinteri Andrea , Vantadori Sabrina
Published: March 2009

The fatigue growth of a surface crack in a metallic round bar under cyclic tension or bending is analysed. The stress-intensity factor (SIF) along the crack front is computed through a three-dimensional finite element analysis and the one-quarter point displacement method. The results are compared with those presented by other Authors. Then, the fatigue behaviour of the cracked bar is numerically determined by a step-by-step procedure.
A Dissipated Energy Approach to Fatigue Crack Growth in Ductile Solids and Layered Materials
Authors: Klingbeil Nathan , Daily Jeremy , Baudendistel Craig
Published: March 2009

This paper summarizes recent work on a new theory of fatigue crack growth in ductile solids based on the total plastic energy dissipation per cycle ahead of the crack. The fundamental hypothesis of the theory proposes a unified criterion for crack extension under monotonic and fatigue loading, so that the fatigue crack growth rate is given explicitly in terms of the total plastic dissipation per cycle and the monotonic fracture properties of the material. The total plastic dissipation per cycle is obtained by 2-D elastic-plastic finite element analysis of a stationary crack under constant amplitude loading, for both mode I (C(T)) and general mixed-mode I/II specimen geometries. Both elastic-perfectly plastic and bi-linear kinematic hardening constitutive behaviors are considered, and numerical results for a dimensionless plastic dissipation per cycle are presented over a wide range of relevant mechanical properties and mixed-mode loading conditions. Results are further extended to include fatigue delamination of layered material systems, where either discrete mismatches or a continuous grading of mechanical properties can exist across the interface.
Surface Topography of Chromium Coatings after Pneumatic Ball Peening
Authors: Dzierwa A. , Pawlus P. , Reizer Rafal
Published: March 2009

The paper presents the results of measurements of surface topographies of chromium
coatings after pneumatic ball peening. The studies were conducted on steel samples. Four
pneumatic ball peening parameters were changed: ball diameter, shot peening pressure, distance
between nozzle and workpiece and time of machining. The changes of 3D surface parameters were
analysed. The correlation analysis was applied in order to obtain minimum number of parameters
describing shot peened surface. Connection between fatigue strength and selected surface
topography parameters was investigated.
Study on the Multifunctional Bearing Test-Bed for Testing the Limit PV Performance
Authors: Yu J.W. , You T. , Yu Xiao Fen
Published: March 2009

So-called PV value can reflect the synthetic using performance of sliding bearings and the limit pressure of the lubricant. The newly developed multifunctional tester was introduced in this paper for investigating the PV limit values of bearings, in which the speed spectrum and load spectrum were first timely introduced to simulate the bearings' actual working conditions. In this test-bed, four samples, i.e., four friction couples can be dynamically and synchronously tested and measured. The developed measurement and control software based on object –oriented language has the functions of data collecting, processing, alarming and controlling etc. In the system, several measures have been taken to resist electromagnetism disturbances in both hardware and software parts. The disturbance signals have been effectively screened and restrained, so as to the stability and precision of the tested data have been greatly improved.
Study on the Key Technology of Airport Runway Frictional Coefficient Measurement
Authors: Wang Li Wen , Yu Zhi Jing , Zhang L. , Gao J. , Song J.
Published: March 2009

The airport runway frictional coefficient is one of the most important factors which affects
the safety of airplane's landings and take-offs under the rain or snow weather. In this paper, each kind
of factor which affects the precision of frictional coefficient measurement under the bad condition
such as snow and ice covered, rubber pollution and wet runway have been analyzed, and then
establish the model of frictional coefficient measurement. A new strategy which uses variable gain
recursion least square algorithm has been used to eliminate the error caused by the rugged runway in
the high speed measurement process, so as to assure system anti-jamming ability and fast track
capacity. Use the vertical pressure pertinence analysis to eliminate the errors caused by the runway
surfacing joint.
Direct Measurement of NO in Biological Samples
Authors: Mochizuki Seiichi , Goto M. , Ogasawara Y. , Kajiya F.
Published: March 2009

Nitric oxide (NO) produced in the endothelial cells and other tissues has been known to
play a range of physiological roles including vasodilation. Thus, direct in vivo measurement of NO is
of great importance for clarification of physiological roles of NO and development of therapeutics
using NO. It has long been assumed that NO is readily oxidized in blood and cannot be detected;
however, some recent reports demonstrated much longer half-life of NO in the blood stream in vivo.
Recently, we reported the basic performance of an NO sensor which is applicable to in vivo
measurement. This sensor can detect NO in the blood stream in an anesthetized rat and some
biological samples including a dialysis solution. In these studies we found that NO itself showed
dynamic changes different from these of oxidative products of NO (nitrite and nitrate) that are
conventionally used as indices of NO level. We have also developed a catheter-type NO sensor and
demonstrated validity of the sensor for in vivo measurement of NO in the aorta and coronary sinus of
anesthetized dogs and rabbits. Both endothelium-dependent and -independent NO productions could
be detected. In conclusion, the NO sensor and the catheter-type NO sensor are applicable to direct
measurement of NO in biological samples even in vivo and will contribute to clarification of
physiological roles of NO.
Flatness-Based Control of a Coriolis Mass Flowmeter
Authors: Röck Helmut , Schröder T. , Kolahi K. , Koschmieder F.
Published: March 2009

State of the art in Coriolis mass flow metering is the single straight tube oscillating in resonance and actuated by one electromagnetic actuator. The difference in time of two electro-magnetic sensors measuring the velocity of the vibrating tube at the up- and downstream side of the tube is directly proportional to mass flow. By using a lumped parameter model consisting of two coupled oscillating systems that represent the oscillation in the first and second eigenmode one can derive the characteristics of the device in terms of zero and sensitivity, two important parameters in today’s mass flowmeters. In [1, 2] these parameters are calculated from measurements obtained by additionally stimulating the device in the second eigenmode in a cyclic procedure. As only measurements in steady state can be used, the procedure is time consuming and up to now not generally applicable. However, these shortcomings can be overcome by using a new control strategy. In this strategy the oscillation of the first and second eigenmode is assigned in terms of amplitude, frequency and phase via a so called trajectory generator and is realized by a flatness-based control scheme derived from the lumped parameter model. In the paper we will present a method to identify the parameters zero and sensitivity without the need for a cyclic operation of the device.
Kalman Filter for Estimation of a Linear Regression Model with Account of the Regression Vector Error and its Application to Calibration of Measuring Instruments
Authors: Hajiyev Chingiz
Published: March 2009

In this paper a Kalman filter algorithm for estimating a linear regression model wıth
account of the regression vector error is presented. That approach has been applied to calibrating
measuring instruments and gives a rigorous derivation of a recurrent algorithm for estimating the
parameters of the calibration curve with the incorporation of the errors in reproducing the inputs.
Calibration of the differential pressure gauge by the standard pressure setting devices (piston
gauges) is demonstrated in the paper as an example.
Research on Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation Methods Based on Bayesian Principle
Authors: Chen Xiao Huai , Cheng Z.Y. , Fei Ye Tai
Published: March 2009

In current application of measurement uncertainty evaluation, dynamic uncertainty
evaluation simply uses the static uncertainty methods. To change the situation, a new evaluation
method of measurement uncertainty is investigated based on Bayesian principle in this paper.
Bayesian evaluation method uses conjugate normal-inverted gamma distribution as the distribution
function in uncertainty evaluation, which can be employed to evaluate both static and dynamic
measurement uncertainty. The evaluation method put forward in this paper can achieve higher
evaluation accuracy than the conventional methods, particularly in processing dynamic data with
small samples. It has been proved in theory and by computer simulation.
The Design and Use of F1 Softgauges for Validating Surface Metrology Software
Authors: Li T. , Jiang Xiang Qian , Blunt L. , Scott P. , Xiao S.
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a methodology for validating surface metrology software. Based uncertainty analysis, a set of reference data sets with mathematical correct results, call the type F1 softgauges, have been developed. Special designed profiles can be used to check specification uncertainty and algebra calculation is used to lower method uncertainty. The results shown that specification uncertainties were main uncertainty contributors.
Instruction Scheduling on a Pipelined Processor for Mechanical Measurements
Authors: Shen Hong , Numata Nobuyoshi
Published: March 2009

Pipeline processing provides us an effective way to enhance processing speed with low
hardware costs. However, pipeline hazards are obstacles to the smooth pipelined execution of
instructions. This paper analyzes the pipeline hazards occur in a pipeline processor designed for data
processing in mechanical measurements. Instruction scheduling and register renaming are performed
to eliminate hazards. The simulation experiments are performed, and the effectiveness is confirmed.
Dimensional Measurements for Micro- and Nanotechnology
Authors: Dai Gao Liang , Pohlenz F. , Danzebrink H.U. , Koenders L.
Published: March 2009

Metrology plays an important role in the development and commercialisation of micro and
nanotechnology. For calibrating versatile micro- and nanoscale standards, a dimensional metrology
instrument coupled with multi sensor heads including atomic force microscope (AFM), tactile stylus,
laser focus sensor and assembled cantilever probes (ACPs) has been developed. Two kinds of ACPs
are highlighted in the paper. One is fabricated by gluing a vertical AFM cantilever to a horizontal
AFM cantilever using micro assembling techniques. It is applicable for direct and non-destructive
measurements of sidewall surfaces. The other is an ACP ball probe designed for true 3D
measurements of micro structures. It is realised by gluing a tungsten wire with a probing sphere ball,
40 ... 120 µm in diameter, to a horizontal AFM cantilever. The ACP ball probe has advantages such as
small probing forces (<1µN) and high probing sensitivity. Some typical calibrations on micro and
nano structures such as step height, grating and sphere calotte artefact are introduced.
Scattering of SH-Waves and Dynamic Stress Intensity Factor by an Interacting Mode III Crack and a Lining Structure in Half Space
Authors: Yang Zai Lin , Xu Mei Juan , Sun Bai Tao
Published: March 2009

Scattering of SH wave by an elastic half space with a lining structure and a crack in any
position and direction is studied with Green’s function, complex function and multi-polar
coordinate method. First, a suitable Green’s function is constructed, which is a fundamental solution
to the displacement field for the elastic space possessing circular lining structure while bearing
out-of-plane harmonic line source load at arbitrary point. Then a crack in any position and direction
is constructed by means of crack-division in half space. Finally the displacement field and stress
field are established in the case of coexistence of circular lining structure and crack, and the
expression of dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF) at the tip of crack is given. According to
numerical examples, the influences of different parameters on DSIF are discussed.
Simple Approach for Computing Chloride Diffusivity of (Non)Carbonated Concrete
Authors: Yoon In Seok
Published: March 2009

The purpose of this study is to establish a simple approach to compute the chloride diffusivity of (non)carbonated concrete. The chloride diffusivity of concrete should is defined, based on engineering and scientific knowledge of cement and concrete materials. In this paper, parameters affecting the chloride diffusivity, such as the diffusivity in pore solution, tortuosity, micro-structural properties of hardened cement paste, volumetric portion of aggregate, are taken into consideration in the calculation of the chloride diffusivity of noncarbonated concrete. For carbonated concrete, reduced porosity due to carbonation is calculated and used for calculating the chloride diffusivity. The results are compared with experimental data and previous research works.
Analysis of Critical Damage of Thin Plate Subjected to Contact Explosions
Authors: Wang Shan , Zhang Jing , Shi Xing Hua
Published: March 2009

The damage of thin steel plate subjected to contact explosions was a very complex nonlinear process. The initial crevasse of plate subjected to contact explosions had influence upon the whole damage process, so the critical damage study was significant on the anti-explosion of ship structure. In virtue of the wave solution of the plate plastic dynamic response and the dynamic fracture theory, the critical blasting charge was derived theoretically when onset of initial circumferential crack namely critical damage happened. And the expression of critical deformation was also obtained. Lastly the results calculated using proposed method was compared with numerical simulation and the experiment in the published literature, which were almost coincided. It could be seen that the present method could perfectly solve the critical damage of thin plate under contact explosions theoretically, and provide references for defensive engineering.
Assessment of Extrinsic Crack Tip Shielding in Austenitic Steel near Fatigue Threshold
Authors: Pokluda Jaroslav , Kondo Yoshiyuki , Slámečka Karel , Šandera Pavel , Horníková Jana
Published: March 2009

Asymmetric arrangements of stored crack-wake dislocations and low values of the size
ratio SR, the plastic zone size / the characteristic microstructural distance, were found to be of basic
importance for the shear misfit of crack flanks causing the roughness-induced crack closure in case
of plain strain conditions. The crack wake dislocations produce also the plasticity induced crack
closure as a result of a near-tip mismatch perpendicular to crack flanks. According to a recently
published theoretical concept, an estimation of these extrinsic shielding effects in the threshold region
of fatigue crack propagation was made for austenitic steel of Japan provenience. Related fatigue
experiments were based on a standard load shedding technique associated with monitoring of
the crack closure level. The surface roughness was analysed by means of the optical chromatography
that enables a 3D reconstruction of fracture morphology. Calculated and measured effective
threshold values of about 2.2 MPa.m1/2 are practically identical. Total levels of the extrinsic toughening
induced by the austenitic microstructure are rather low when compared to those identified in
ferritic- and ferritic-austenitic steels.
Sensitivity of Fatigue Crack Growth Data to Specimen Geometry
Authors: Seitl Stanislav , Hutař Pavel , Knésl Zdeněk
Published: March 2009

The formulations of fatigue crack growth prediction are still mostly based on phenomenological models. A commonly used formula in the field of high cycle fatigue is the Paris- Erdogan law. For given experimental conditions (such as temperature, stress ratio or environmental conditions) the parameters C and m have to be experimentally determined and considered as material constants. Thus, for a given material, the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) depends only on the applied range of the stress intensity factor. In a threshold region a significant shift in the data of the fatigue crack propagation rate can be observed. The shift is induced by different test specimen geometry. To analyses it the authors will present their own laboratory fatigue crack growth rate test data measured on two different specimens with different levels of constraint and for different steels. It is demonstrated that fatigue characteristics (i.e. C, m and Kth) obtained from different specimen geometries are not only properties of the materials but depends on the specimen geometry.
Electro-Mechanical Admittance-Based Damage Detection Using Extreme Value Statistics
Authors: Providakis Costas P.
Published: March 2009

This paper presents the use of statistically rigorous algorithms combined with
electromechanical (E/M) impedance approach for health monitoring of engineering structures. In
particular, a statistical pattern recognition procedure is developed, based on frequency domain data
of electromechanical impedance, to establish a decision boundary for damage identification. In
order to diagnose damage with statistical confidence, health monitoring is cast in the context of
outlier detection framework. Inappropriate modeling of tail distribution of outliers imposes
potentially misleading behavior associated with damage. The present paper attempts to address the
problem of establishing decision boundaries based on extreme value statistics so that the extreme
values of outliers associated with tail distribution can be properly modeled. The validity of the
proposed method is demonstrated using finite element method (FEM) simulated data while a
comparison is performed for the extreme value analysis results contrasted with the standard
approach where it is assumed that the damage-sensitive features are normally distributed.
Dynamic Tensile Properties of TiCp/Ti Composite
Authors: Jiang Fang , Zhao Dong , Ning Jian Guo
Published: March 2009

The tensile properties of a titanium alloy reinforced with 3% by volume fraction of TiC
particles and of an unreinforced titanium alloy are studied over a range of strain rates from
0.0001s-1 to 1300s-1 using quasi-static material testing system (MTS810) and split Hopkinson
tensile bar apparatus. The experimental results show that both the TiCp/Ti composite and its matrix
alloy exhibit an obvious strain-rate hardening property. But the high strain-rate sensitivity of the
TiCp/Ti composite is significantly higher than that of the matrix. The high strain-rate sensitivity of
the TiCp/Ti composite is considered to be originated from the high dislocation accumulation rate
during dynamic deformation and the constraint of TiC particles on the surrounding matrix, which
dramatically enhances rate of the matrix. Finally, a phenomenological dynamic constitutive relation
is established considering the composite is elastic-perfectly plastic material.
Application of Instrumented Indentation Technique to Evaluate Residual Stress and Stress Directionality
Authors: Choi Min Jae , Kang In Geun , Kim Kwang Ho , Kwon Dong Il
Published: March 2009

The instrumented indentation technique (IIT) is a powerful method for evaluating
mechanical properties of materials such as elastic modulus, tensile strength, fracture toughness and
residual stress. Especially, IIT is a promising alternative to conventional methods of residual stress
measurement such as hole drilling, saw cutting, X-ray/neutron diffraction, and ultrasonic methods
because of its various advantages of nondestructive specimen preparation, easy process,
characterization of material properties on local scales and measurement of in-service structures.
Evaluation of residual stress using IIT is based on the key concepts that the deviatoric-stress part of
the residual stress affects the indentation load-depth curve and that the quantitative residual stress in a
target region can be evaluated by analyzing the difference between the residual stress-induced
indentation curve and residual stress-free curve. To verify the applicability of the suggested
technique, indentation tests were performed on the welded zone.
Enhancement of Mechanoluminescence from ZnS:Mn,Te by Wet Process
Authors: Toriyi Takato , Adachi Yoshio , Yamada Hiroshi , Imai Yusuke , Xu Chao Nan
Published: March 2009

We successfully synthesized the novel mechanoluminescent material ZnS:Mn,Te with a wurtzite structure by controlling the pH of the solution used in the wet process. This material showed a distinct red mechanoluminescence (ML) with an increased intensity, being one order of magnitude higher than that of the sample prepared using a solid-state reaction. This marked increase in ML intensity was realized by eliminating ZnO and MnO impurities.
New Mechanoluminescent Materials with Various Colors
Authors: Zhang Hong Wu , Yamada Hiroshi , Terasaki Nao , Xu Chao Nan
Published: March 2009

We have discovered that Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu, SrCaMgSi2O7:Eu and Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu phosphors emit blue, blue-greenish and green light under the application of a mechanical stress respectively, called as mechanoluminescence (ML). The ML showed a similar spectrum as photoluminescence (PL), which indicated that ML is emitted from the same center of Eu2+ ions as PL. Such bright lights of ML emission can be observed by the naked eye when pressing these samples.
Defect Control and Lithium-Ion Conducting Properties of Layered Perovskite Oxides Li2SrTa2O7
Authors: Fukushima Takaaki , Suzuki Shinya , Miyayama Masaru
Published: March 2009

Lithium-ion conducting properties were investigated for a layered perovskite oxide Li2SrTa2O7
(LST) and defect-controlled LST, synthesized via solid state reactions. The ionic conductivities of
A-site solid solutions Li2[Sr-(La2/3□1/3)-(La1/2Li1/2)]Ta2O7 (□ denotes vacancy.) suggested that
lithium ions migrate in the Li-layer. The conductivity of Li-deficient (Li2-z□z)(LazSr1-z)Ta2O7
increased dramatically from 4.2 × 10-6 S cm-1 (z = 0, LST) to 1.6 × 10-3 S cm-1 (z = 0.2) at 400°C
with increasing Li-vacancy concentration. This result obviously indicates that the conductivity of
LST originate from the Li migration through vacancies in the Li-layer.
Effect of Annealing on Electrical Degradation Characteristics of ZnO Varistors
Authors: Takada Masayuki , Yoshikado Shinzo
Published: March 2009

The effects of the thermally annealing of Bi-Mn-Co-Sb2O3-added ZnO varistors on their electrical
degradation were investigated. For the samples with 0.01mol% Sb2O3added and without Sb2O3, no
marked difference in the non linearity index of the voltage-current (V-I) characteristics was observed
upon electrical degradation for the annealed and nonannealed samples. Upon increasing
the amount of Sb2O3 added, the values of  increased after electrical degradation for the annealed
samples. Moreover, the value of  after electrical degradation was proportional to the full width at
half maximum (FWHM) of the X-ray diffraction peak for Zn2.33Sb0.67O4-type spinel particles under
various annealing conditions. The added Sb2O3 did not dissolve in the ZnO grains but became segregated
at grain boundaries. Therefore, it is speculated that the increase in the FWHM for the spinel
particles is due to the increase in the numbers of fine spinel particles at grain boundaries and
triple points.
Study on Improvement of Material Removal Rate in Chemo-Mechanical Grinding (CMG) of Si Wafer
Authors: Sasaki J. , Tsuruga T. , Soltani B.H. , Mitsuta Takahito , Tian Y.B. , Shimizu Jun , Zhou Li Bo , Eda Hiroshi , Tashiro Y. , Iwase Hisao , Kamiya Sumio
Published: March 2009

Silicon wafer thinning process is meeting great challenges to fulfill requirements of ultra-thin IGBT for automotive applications. Chemo-mechanical grinding (CMG) process is potentially emerging stress relief thinning process which combines the advantages of fixed abrasive machining and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). A major issue in CMG of Si wafers is the relatively low material removal rate (MRR). This paper studies the influence of the wheel specifications and grinding conditions on the MRR of CMG. Two sets of three-factor two-level full factorial designs of experiment (DOE)[1] are employed to reveal the main effects and interacted effects of CMG wheel specifications and grinding parameters on MRR. The optimal combination scenarios for improving MRR of CMG are analysized and obtained. By use of the optimal CMG wheel and grinding parameters, the MRR of more than 60nm/min is achieved.
Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Cutting of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Koshimizu Shigeomi
Published: March 2009

Although titanium is a very useful material and becoming more in demand, we are faced
with difficulties in machining the material. By applying ultrasonic vibration to the tool tip, interrupted
cutting can be applied. Using ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting of titanium alloy, we succeeded in
reducing the cutting force. This technology enables us to improve tool wear and surface roughness of
the workpiece. In regards to cutting fluid supply methods, it was found that semi-dry cutting was the
most suitable for ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting of titanium alloy.
Electrochemical Finishing with an Electrode Vibrated with Biaxial Ultrasonic Transducer
Authors: Iwai Manabu , Wei Wen Qiu , Ninomiya Shinichi , Sano Sadao , Uematsu Tetsutaro , Suzuki Kiyoshi
Published: March 2009

In order to realize electrochemical finishing in tap water, an ultrasonic vibration using a
transducer enabling three kinds of vibration modes, i.e., axial, bending, and complex, was given to
the electrode. During the test finishing, it was observed that with electrode without ultrasonic
vibration, the workpiece surface was simply covered with the rust. On the contrary, by applying the
ultrasonic vibration of bending vibration mode or complex vibration mode with an appropriate
amplitude, the material removal rate was increased and the surface roughness was improved.
Development of a Three-Dimensional Tool Oscillation System for Finishing Metal Molds
Authors: Mizuno Masahiro , Iyama Toshirou , Zhang Xu , Nishikawa Naohiro
Published: March 2009

A prototype three-dimensional tool oscillation system for finishing metal molds, which can
oscillate a tool in a figure-8 motion, has been developed. When such a tool motion is used, the lapping
direction alternatively changes and consequently a very smooth surface might be achieved in a
relatively short time in the presence of a very fine abrasive compound. The developed tool oscillation
system consists of three multilayer piezoelectric transducers. The orientation of the tool motion can be
changed in three dimensional space. This paper describes the structure of the tool oscillation system,
the driving method of the three piezoelectric transducers for oscillating a tool in a figure-8 motion and
the measurement results for the tool motions.
A Preliminary Study of the Erosion Process in Micro-Machining of Glasses with a Low Pressure Slurry Jet
Authors: Nguyen Thai , Pang King , Wang Jun
Published: March 2009

The erosion process in micro-machining of brittle glasses using a low pressure slurry jet
is discussed. The process capability of the technique is assessed by examining the machined surface
integrity in relation to fluid flow dynamics in micro-hole generations. The holes produced are
characterised by a “W” shape in the cross section, while the surface morphology is distinguished by
three zones associated with the fluid flow behaviour, i.e. a direct impact zone, a wavy zone and an
accumulation zone. The surfaces appear to be smooth and without cracks, indicating a
predominance of the ductile mode erosion process. With the increase of pressure, the erosion rates
can be enhanced as a result of the expending of the accumulation zone while the outer diameter of
the holes remains unchanged. This study shows that this technique can be used for micro-machining
with high surface quality, and provides an essential understanding for further research in the
avenue.
The Deformation Mechanism at Pop-In: Monocrystalline Silicon under Nanoindentation with a Berkovich Indenter
Authors: Chang Li , Zhang Liang Chi
Published: March 2009

This paper investigates the “pop-in” behavior of monocrystalline silicon under
nanoindentation with a Berkovich indenter. The indentation tests were carried out under ultra-low
loads, i.e. 100 μN and 300 μN, with different loading/unloading rates. It was found that with the
experimentally determined area function of the indenter tip, the mechanical properties of silicon can
be accurately calculated from the load-displacement data, that a pop-in event represents the onset of
phase transition, and that a lower loading rate favours a sudden volume change but a rapid loading
process tends to generate a gradual slope change of the load-displacement curve.
Dynamic Modeling and Optimized Energy Distribution of a Novel Amphibian Legged Robot
Authors: Wang M.N. , Chen C.
Published: March 2009

The development of a novel amphibian walking robot prototype is proposed according to the need of duty under bad circumstance. It can be used as the carrier of the reconnaissance equipment, the weapon system and the communication system, and complete many kinds of missions in the place near the sea and tideland which a man can not complete. Some new dynamics questions is introduced because of multi-leg structure features and functionality of the amphibious. The integrated approach of series parallel is proposed to solve the characteristic that swing and supporting phase are appeared respectively during walking. Hydrodynamic effect is also considered in our dynamics equation. At last, the least distribution model of driving moment and driving energy of robot are set up in this paper. These conclusions have very important effects to the control of robots.
The Monitoring and Analysis on the State of Deep Hole Drilling Based on Multi-Sensor Combined Detection Technology
Authors: Zhu Lin , Xiao De Ming
Published: March 2009

A kind of multi-sensor detection device was designed by using multi-sensor combined detection technology. The signal of axial force, torque and vibration in vertical and horizontal direction in deep hole drilling were collected respectively, and delivered to computer for processing by using data collection device. And then the feature parameters that can reflect the cutting tool wear were abstracted by means of the method of time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis. Finally, the state was classified by mode identification method and the judgment samples are also obtained.
Ant Colony Optimization for Neural Network
Authors: Mei H. , Wang Yong
Published: March 2009

A new learning way for neural network (NN) in which its weights can be optimized by using the ant colony algorithm is presented in this paper. The learning of neural network belongs to continuous optimization. The ant colony algorithm is initially developed for hard combinatorial optimization. A kind of ant colony optimization (ACO) for continuous optimization, which includes global searching, local searching and definite searching, is developed based on the basic ant colony algorithm. A three-layer neural network, as an example, is trained to express nonlinear function. The efficiency of the new algorithm is examinated. It is found that the new developed method has the merits of both ant colony algorithm and neural network.
The Study on the Linking-Up of Free-Form Surface Fiber Placement Track Based on Mesh Creating
Authors: Shao Zhong Xi , Fu Hong Ya , Li De Cai
Published: March 2009

When using meshing creating method of FP (fiber placement) track, once the track point
falls at some vertex point of mesh element, in the meantime the vertex point happens to be shared
by several mesh elements, there needs a reasonable calculation method to select next mesh element
which the FP track will pass through. Then it comes to the problem on linking of FP tracks. In order
to solve it, in this paper, the author puts forward a new method, in which parallel projection theory
is used, project need analytical mesh element and FP reference vector to a sound projective plane,
on which the mesh element be selected and the FP track be calculated, then the FP track would be
projected back to the placement surface. Program using this method realized a reasonable joint at
the shared vertex point of meshing elements, which the FP direction has little change, and the
mutation of track doesn’t come forth. So, the correctness of the method, which putted forward in
this paper, is proved.
Adaptive Compensation of Spatial Contour Error Based on Neural Networks in Three-Axis Machining
Authors: Peng F.Y. , Sun K.S. , Zhou Y. , Li Bin
Published: March 2009

The spatial contour error which exists in multi-axis machine tools is believed relative with the track-lag error existing in the single axis, the set value of feed-rate and the curvature of the contour. A spatial error model is taken for presenting a vector method to calculate the contour error in three-axis machine tool and an adaptive cross coupled controller which is based on neural network is presented. The simulation results of cross coupled control in three-axis, indicate that the contour precision can be improved effectively which exists in the machine tool, and the errors influenced by the change of curvature and the set value of feed-rate can be obviously reduced.
Research on Optimum Design and Simulation of Gear Reducer in Electric Steering Engine
Authors: Tao Fu Chun , Liu J. , Wang G.L. , Shi Y.
Published: March 2009

Electric steering engine was generally applied in arm systems such as carrier rocket and
missile, its life period is very short, and the space and weight of its reducer were strictly restricted,
so it is not fit to adopt the conventional rule of infinite life to design electric steering engine gear
reducer. This paper carried out the optimum design for it based on the rule of finite life and space,
provided and demonstrated a new design scheme, and realized the interior overall structure design
of reducer. We used the UG plane to realize three-dimension module design and virtual assembly of
gear reducer, elaborated the implementation method of three-dimension motion simulation by the
parameter drive mechanism, and simulated the actual working procedure. Experimental results
indicated that this gear reducer satisfied excellently the requirement of big drive ratio under the
finite life and space.
The Research on Micro-Drive Device of Reflective Lens Frame with High Precision and Big Caliber
Authors: Lian Ming , Fu Hong Ya
Published: March 2009

A micro-drive device was developed to drive reflective lens frame in Inertial Confinement
Fusion. The transmission consists of ball screw, flexible hinge and electrical control unit. Two
different flexible hinges named straight round and cylinder interlaced flexible hinge were used in
device. The communication between IPC and PLC is founded by MSComm, which realizes the
distributing system. Tested on TM5 reflective lens frame of SG- III prototype facility, the precision
achieved ±0.3μm/step, which meets the design target.
Research on the Service-Oriented Price Quotation Method and System for Rapid Prototyping
Authors: Hu Qing Xi , Song Chen Xia , Yao Yuan , You Fei , Lu Qi
Published: March 2009

Rapid prototyping (RP) was an advanced manufacturing technology which satisfied the individuation products. With the development of RP technology, RP providers were always facing the urgent price quotation requirements for RP parts from customers in today’s competition market. In order to support the enterprises to achieve more competitive, this paper developed a service-oriented price quotation system .The paper presented a price quotation model for the RP parts and quotation methods for all RP technologies based on volume technical parameter method. And we proposed a new quoting price system frame using service-oriented architecture and it provided price quotation service for the RP enterprises, standardized their internal management as well as effectively managed the inquiry and bargain between enterprises. Thus the system ensures the price quotation accurately and rapidly.
Sensorless Detection and Diagnosis Method for Induction Motor and its Driven Equipment
Authors: Shi X.J. , Zhang C.X. , Shao Jun Peng
Published: March 2009

The mechanical equipments driven by induction motor are widely used in manufacturing.
Aiming at this type of equipment, some holes are advisedly drilled on the bars to simulate the broken
bar faults of the motor, and with on-off loads changes of output circuit of the load generator, forced
torsional vibration of rotor was generated. Using the above simulation test ways, the typical faults of
motor and its driven equipment are tested and analyzed. In addition, an signal analysis method using
Hilbert conversion envelope spectrum and real modulation zoom envelope spectrum is proposed, this
method can effectively extract the faults information of stator current, reject the useless power
frequency. The experimental results indicate that: this method can identify not only the faults of the
motor itself, but also municipal fault types of the motor’s driven equipment. Especially, through the
contrastive experiments on the unbalance and the torsional vibration of the rotor, the conclusion is
made that the method is more sensitive to torsional vibration detection. Also, it develops a new
direction for the application and the research of sensorless detection and diagnosis method.
Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Analysis of the Effect of the Compressive Loading on Fatigue Crack Tip Parameters
Authors: Sha Y. , Tang Hui , Zhang Jia Zhen
Published: March 2009

In this paper, a detailed elastic-plastic finite element analysis of the effect of the compressive loading on crack tip plasticity is studied based on the material’s kinematic hardening model. Five centre-cracked panel specimens with different crack lengths are analyzed. The analysis shows that in a tension-compression loading the maximum spread of the crack tip reverse plastic zone increases with the increase of the compressive stress and the near crack tip opening displacement decreases with the increase of the compressive stress at the same nominal stress intensity factor. The applied compressive stress is the main factor controlling the near crack tip parameters.
Characterization of the Snail’s Carapace Collected at Coast of Brazilian’s State of Paraíba
Authors: Lima R.S.C. , Fook Marcus Vinícius Lia , Fideles Thiago Bizerra , Fook A.C.B.M. , de Oliveira Sara Verusca , Barbosa W.P.F.
Published: March 2009

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a ceramic of strong economic potential, given the versatility of its application in industry in many different areas. Protective shells of marine snails of the Brazilian coast were analyzed in this study, to verify the content of calcium carbonate available in this type of material. The samples were collected at Bessa´s Beach located in the João Pessoa’ coast Capital of Paraíba state, northern Brazil. The collection occurred during the month of February 2008; the sample was processed into powder and it was examined by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Infrared Spectroscopy with Fourier Trasformating (FTIR). The material was also submitted to heat treatment at 110°C and characterized by same techniques. The results confirmed the presence of a high content of calcium carbonate in the samples (over 95%,) which has not changed with the heat treatment used. It was presents the morphologies calcite and aragonite with prevalence of the second, both showing high levels of crystallinity. From the results obtained, calcium carbonate of the coast Paraíba has a potential application like bioceramic.