bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of quinoxalines catalysed by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) in aqueous media
Authors: Huang Tieqiang , Zhang Qaing , Chen Jiuxi , Gao Wenxia , Ding Jinchang , Wu Huayue
Published: December 2009

A facile and simple method has been developed for the condensation of 1,2-diaminobenzenes with α-bromoketones to form quinoxalines with good yields using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) in aqueous media. The efficiency of this reaction was demonstrated by the compatibility with nitro, methyl, methoxy, fluoro chloro bromo and furanyl groups. The important features of the methodology are broad substrate scope, simple workup, and no requirement for metal catalysts.
Facile three-component synthesis of dithiocarbamate derivatives with potent antimicrobial activity
Authors: Behalo Mohamed S. , Aly Aly A.
Published: December 2009

A one-pot three-component synthesis of 3-oxo-3-(phenoxathiin-2-yl)-1-phenyl/(4-chlorophenyl)propyl alkyl/aryl-dithiocarbamate was achieved from the reaction of 3-phenyl/(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(phenoxathiin-2-yl)propenones, amine and carbon disulfide. The antimicrobial activities of some compounds were also screened against some selected bacteria and fungi.
Vitamin D Status and Its Associations with Disease Activity and Severity in African Americans with Recent-onset Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: CRAIG STEVEN M. , YU FANG , CURTIS JEFFREY R. , ALARCÓN GRACIELA S. , CONN DOYT L. , JONAS BETH , CALLAHAN LEIGH F. , SMITH EDWIN A. , MORELAND LARRY W. , BRIDGES S. LOUIS , MIKULS TED R.
Published: December 2009

Objective.

To examine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and the associations of vitamin D concentration with disease status in African Americans with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

Study participants (n = 266) were enrolled in the Consortium for the Longitudinal Evaluation of African Americans with Early RA (CLEAR) Registry. The vitamin 25(OH)-D was measured on baseline plasma, and associations of 25(OH)-D with disease status (baseline and at 3 years’ disease duration) were examined using univariate and multivariate regression.

Results.

The prevalence of 25(OH)-D insufficiency (≤ 37.5 nmol/l or 15 ng/ml) was 50%, with the highest prevalence in winter. In unadjusted analyses, vitamin D concentrations were inversely associated with baseline pain (p = 0.04), swollen joints (p = 0.04), and Disease Activity Score (DAS28, p = 0.05) but not with measures at 3 years’ disease duration. There were no multivariate associations of 25(OH)-D with any disease measures at baseline or at 3 years, with the exception of a positive borderline association with rheumatoid factor positivity at enrollment (p = 0.05).

Conclusion.

Vitamin D insufficiency is common in African Americans with recent-onset RA. Unadjusted associations of circulating vitamin D with baseline pain, swollen joints, and DAS28 were explained by differences in season, age, and gender and were not significant in multivariate analyses. In contrast to reports of Northern Europeans with early inflammatory arthritis, there are not strong associations of 25(OH)-D concentration with symptoms or disease severity in African Americans with RA.
EQ-5D and SF-36 Quality of Life Measures in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Comparisons with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Noninflammatory Rheumatic Disorders, and Fibromyalgia
Authors: WOLFE FREDERICK , MICHAUD KALEB , LI TRACY , KATZ ROBERT S.
Published: December 2009

Objective.

The Medical Outcomes Study Short-form 36 (SF-36) provides numerical measurement of patient health, but does not include preferences for health states and cannot be used directly in cost-effectiveness analyses. By contrast the Euroqol EQ-5D can be used for cost-effectiveness analyses. The EQ-5D has rarely been used in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We compared SF-36 and EQ-5D values across rheumatic diseases.

Methods.

We studied 1316 patients with SLE, 13,722 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 3623 with non-inflammatory rheumatic disorders (NIRD), and 2733 with fibromyalgia (FM).

Results.

The mean EQ-5D, physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores were 0.72, 36.3, and 44.3, respectively, in SLE. There was essentially no difference among EQ-5D and PCS scores for patients with SLE, RA, or NIRD. MCS was lower in SLE compared with RA and NIRD (44.3, 49.1, 50.8, respectively). All scores were more abnormal in FM (0.61, 31.9, 41.9). Within SF-36 domains, physical function was better, but general health, vitality, social function, role-emotional, and mental health were more impaired in SLE compared with RA and NIRD. In SLE, quality of life (QOL) was predicted by damage, comorbidity, income, education, and age. Fifteen percent of patients with SLE were very satisfied with their health, and their QOL scores (0.84, 45.4, 50.1) were similar to those found in the US population for EQ-5D and MCS, but were slightly reduced for PCS.

Conclusion.

EQ-5D and PCS are at the same levels in SLE as in RA and NIRD, but are more abnormal in SLE in the MCS and mental health domains. EQ-5D values allow preference-based comparisons with other chronic conditions.
Rezensionen
Authors: Ghanaat Patrick , Sonar Thomas , Grosse-Brauckmann Karsten
Published: December 2009

Rezensionen zu:
O. Deiser:
Reelle Zahlen. Das klassische Kontinuum und die natürlichen Folgen
. Zweite, korrigierte und erweiterte Auflage. 553 Seiten, Softcover, EUR 29,95, CHF 46,50. Springer, 2008; ISBN 978-3-540-79375-5,
von Patrick Ghanaat;
und zu:
H. Heuser:
Unendlichkeiten. Nachrichten aus dem Grand Canyon des Geistes
. 228 Seiten, 29.90e. B.G. Teubner Verlag, 2008; ISBN 978-3-8351-0119-7,
von Thomas Sonar;
und zu:
J.-H. Eschenburg, J. Jost:
Differentialgeometrie und Minimalflächen
. Zweite, vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. 256 Seiten, 105 Abbildungen, Softcover, 29.90€. Springer, 2007; ISBN: 978-3-540-22227-9
von Karsten Grosse-Brauckmann.
Rezensionen
Authors: Schneebeli H.R.
Published: December 2009

Rezension zu:
V. Berinde:
Exploring, Investigating and Discovering in Mathematics
. xiv + 246 Seiten, sFr. 58.00. Birkhäuser, Basel, Boston, Berlin 2004; ISBN 3-7643-7019-X.
Wie erklärt man ein Nash-Gleichgewicht?
Authors: Schäfer Uwe
Published: December 2009

Das Nash-Gleichgewicht wird erklärt mit Hilfe einer dritten Person: dem Schlichter. Der Schlichter benutzt die Kenntnis eines Nash-Gleichgewichts in einem Zwei-Personen-Spiel, um die zerstrittenen Parteien zu einer Einigung zu bringen. Ohne die Einführung einer dritten Person wird es schwierig, einem Laien zu erklären, warum sich beide Spieler für ein bestimmtes Nash-Gleichgewicht entscheiden sollten, da ein Zwei-Personen-Spiel mehrere Nash-Gleichgewichte besitzen kann. Der Autor gibt ein einfaches Beispiel eines Zwei-Personen-Spiels, bei dem die so genannten gemischten Strategien ihren Sinn haben, auch ohne mit der Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie argumentieren zu müssen.
Kants Hand, Chiralität und konvexe Polytope
Authors: Wirth Karl , Dreiding André S.
Published: December 2009

Worin unterscheidet sich eine rechte von einer linken Hand, trifft doch jede Eigenschaft der einen Hand auch auf die andere zu? Diese von Kant gestellte Frage und die von ihm gegebene Antwort waren immer wieder Anlass zu Kontroversen über die Natur des Raumes. Einen klärenden Beitrag lieferte der Mathematiker Reidemeister, dessen Aussagen in dieser Arbeit unter Verwendung eines in der Chemie wichtigen Begriffs interpretiert werden, nämlich der Chiralität. Im Weiteren geht es um die Tragweite des aus dieser Deutung hervorgehenden Phänomens der Diachiralität und um das Bilden von Chiralitätsklassen chiraler Objekte durch Orientierung. In einem zweiten Teil werden die besprochenen Chiralitätsaspekte auf konvexe Polytope angewendet, wobei u.a. ein Minimierungsverfahren und ein darauf basierender Algorithmus wesentlich sind.
Rezensionen
Authors: Doguoglu U. , Schneebeli H.R.
Published: December 2009

Rezensionen zu:
W. Büttemeyer (Hrsg.):
Philosophie der Mathematik. Alber-Texte Philosophie
, hrsg. von K.-H. Lembeck, Bd. 16. 234 Seiten, sFr. 28.–. Karl Alber, Freiburg/M¨ unchen 2003; ISBN 3-495-48013-7,
von U. Doguoglu;
und zu:
H.J. Pesch:
Schlüsseltechnologie Mathematik, Einblicke in aktuelle Anwendungen der Mathematik
. 185 Seiten, sFr. 38.60. Teubner, Wiesbaden 2002; ISBN 3-519-02389-X,
von H.R. Schneebeli.
Rezensionen
Authors: Szpiro George G.
Published: December 2009

Rezensionen zu:
E. Sandifer:
The Early Mathematics of Leonhard Euler
. 392 Seiten, $ 49.95. Mathematical Association of America, 2007; ISBN 0-88385-559-3;
und zu:
W. Dunham (Hrsg.):
The Genius of Euler
. 309 Seiten, $ 47.95. Mathematical Association of America, 2007; ISBN 0883855585;
und zu:
V.S. Varadarajan:
Euler Through Time
. 302 Seiten, $ 59.–. American Mathematical Society, 2006; ISBN 0-8218-3580-7;
und zu:
R. Bradley und E. Sandifer (Hrsg.):
Leonhard Euler: Life, Work and Legacy
. 542 Seiten, $ 165.–. Elsevier, 2007; ISBN 0444527281.
Randomized clinical trial comparing open with video-assisted minimally invasive parathyroid surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Hessman O , Westerdahl J , Al-Suliman N , Christiansen P , Hellman P , Bergenfelz A
Published: December 2009

Background

Previous studies of video-assisted techniques for parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have found similar or better results compared with bilateral neck exploration. The aim of the present study was to compare open minimally invasive parathyroidectomy with the video-assisted technique for primary hyperparathyroidism in a multicentre randomized trial.

Methods

Some 143 patients were randomized to open (n = 75) or video-assisted (n = 68) parathyroidectomy after positive sestamibi scintigraphy. There were no differences in preoperative data. The open operation was performed through a 15-mm incision. The video-assisted techniques used were minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy (MIVAP) or video-assisted parathyroidectomy using the lateral approach (VAPLA). Data were collected prospectively including postoperative pain scoring.

Results

The procedure was significantly quicker for the open compared to the video assisted operations: mean(s.d.) 60(35) versus 84(47) min (P = 0·001). Both groups of patients had similar conversion rates and the same outcome, with comparable incision lengths, low scores for postoperative neck discomfort, high cosmetic satisfaction and low complication rates.

Conclusion

Open minimally invasive parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism was quicker than either video-assisted technique. Registration number: NCT00877981 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
Alkaline phosphatase predicts calcium requirements after total parathyroidectomy in patients receiving dialysis
Authors: Goh B L , Yudisthra M G , Hisham A N
Published: December 2009

Background

It can be difficult to achieve a stable serum calcium level after parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism. This study examined the impact of a calcium replacement protocol guided by predicted need in reducing hospital stay.

Methods

This two-phase observational study included patients receiving dialysis who underwent parathyroidectomy. In the initial phase, a standard protocol was followed whereby oral calcium was gradually titrated upwards based on serum calcium levels. The protocol was revised in the second phase such that patients were ‘loaded’ with the predicted elemental calcium requirement immediately after surgery.

Results

Forty-four patients were treated according to the standard protocol and 34 using the new protocol. There was a strong correlation between postoperative elemental calcium requirement and admission serum alkaline phosphatase level (ALP) (rs = 0·711, P < 0·001). Postoperative hospital stay was reduced from a median (range) of 5 (3–12) to 3 (2–7) days after introduction of the revised protocol as a result of better calcium balance (P < 0·001). Multivariable analysis confirmed that use of the revised protocol was the main predictor of length of stay.

Conclusion

ALP can predict postoperative calcium requirements and streamline hospital stay by guiding replacement therapy.
A Bayesian normal homogeneity test for the detection of artificial discontinuities in climatic series
Authors: Beaulieu Claudie , Ouarda Taha B.M.J. , Seidou Ousmane
Published: December 2009

A Bayesian Normal Homogeneity Test (BNHT) for the detection of artificial discontinuities in climatic series is presented. The test is simple to use and allows the integration of prior knowledge on the date of change from various sources of information (e.g. metadata or expert belief) in the analysis. The performance of the new test was evaluated on synthetic series with similar statistical properties as observed total annual precipitation in the southern and central parts of the province of Quebec, Canada. Different priors were used to investigate the sensitivity of the test to the choice of priors. It was found that (1) high‐prior probability of no change yields low false detection rates on the homogeneous series; (2) the test has a very high power of detection on series with a single shift (the best power of detection if compared with previous methods applied to the same synthetic series); (3) shifts having a small magnitude are detectable with a low prior probability of no change and (4) when applied to series with multiple shifts with a segmentation procedure and a high probability of no change, the test proved to be performing well in detecting multiple shifts (as performing as the best techniques previously applied to the same synthetic series). An example of application to total annual precipitation in Quebec City, Canada is also presented to illustrate (1) a case for which the results are not affected by the choice of the prior parameters and (2) a case for which information about potential changes found in the metadata was integrated in the analysis and allowed the detection of a change that would not have been detected with a non‐informative prior. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Path-Oriented Program Analysis
Authors: Huang J. C.
Published: December 2009

This book presents a unique method for decomposing a computer program along its execution paths, for simplifying the subprograms so produced, and for recomposing a program from its subprograms. This method enables us to divide and conquer the complexity involved in understanding the computation performed by a program by decomposing it into a set of subprograms and then simplifying them to the furthest extent possible. The resulting simplified subprograms are generally more understandable than the original program as a whole. The method may also be used to simplify a piece of source code by following the path-oriented method of decomposition, simplification, and recomposition. The analysis may be carried out in such a way that the derivation of the analysis result constitutes a correctness proof. The method can be applied to any source code (or portion thereof) that prescribes the computation to be performed in terms of assignment statements, conditional statements, and loop constructs, regardless of the language or paradigm used.
The Elements of C++ Style
Authors: Misfeldt Trevor , Bumgardner Gregory , Gray Andrew , Xiaoping Luo
Published: December 2009

The Elements of C++ Style, first published in 2004, is for all C++ practitioners, especially for those working in teams where consistency is critical. Just as Strunk and White's The Elements of Style provides rules of usage for writing in the English language, this text furnishes a set of rules for writing in C++. The authors offer a collection of standards and guidelines for creating solid C++ code that will be easy to understand, enhance and maintain. The book provides conventions for:
• formatting
• naming
• documentation
• programming
• and packaging
for the latest ANSI standard of C++, and also includes discussion of advanced topics such as templates.
Myths of Modern Individualism
Authors: Watt Ian
Published: December 2009

In this volume, Ian Watt examines the myths of Faust, Don Quixote, Don Juan and Robinson Crusoe, as the distinctive products of modern society. He traces the way the original versions of Faust, Don Quixote and Don Juan - all written within a forty-year period during the Counter Reformation - presented unflattering portrayals of the three figures, while the Romantic period two centuries later recreated them as admirable and even heroic. The twentieth century retained their prestige as mythical figures, but with a new note of criticism. Robinson Crusoe came much later than the other three, but his fate can be seen as representative of the new religious, economic and social attitudes which succeeded the Counter-Reformation. The four figures help to reveal problems of individualism in the modern period: solitude, narcissism, and the claims of the self versus the claims of society. They all pursue their own view of what they should be, raising strong questions about their heroes' character and the societies whose ideals they reflect.
Space-Time Block Coding for Wireless Communications
Authors: Larsson Erik G. , Stoica Petre
Published: December 2009

Space-time coding is a technique that promises greatly improved performance in wireless networks by using multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver. Space-Time Block Coding for Wireless Communications, first published in 2003, is an introduction to the theory of this technology. The authors develop the topic using a unified framework and cover a variety of topics ranging from information theory to performance analysis and space-time coding methods for both flat and frequency-selective fading multiple-antenna channels. The authors concentrate on key principles rather than specific practical applications, and present the material in a concise and accessible manner. Their treatment reviews the fundamental aspects of multiple-input, multiple-output communication theory, and guides the reader through a number of topics at the forefront of research and development. The book includes homework exercises and is aimed at graduate students and researchers working on wireless communications, as well as practitioners in the wireless industry.
Patriarchal Religion, Sexuality, and Gender
Authors: Bamforth Nicholas , Richards David A. J.
Published: December 2009

Legal theorists are familiar with John Finnis's book Natural Law and Natural Rights, but usually overlook his interventions in US constitutional debates and his membership of a group of conservative Catholic thinkers, the 'new natural lawyers', led by theologian Germain Grisez. In fact, Finnis has repeatedly advocated conservative positions concerning lesbian and gay rights, contraception and abortion, and his substantive moral theory (as he himself acknowledges) derives from Grisez. Bamforth and Richards provide a detailed explanation of the work of the new natural lawyers within and outside the Catholic Church - the first truly comprehensive explanation available to legal theorists – and criticize Grisez's and Finnis's arguments concerning sexuality and gender. New natural law is, they argue, a theology rather than a secular theory, and one which is unappealing in a modern constitutional democracy. This book will be of interest to legal and political theorists, ethicists, theologians and scholars of religious history.
Politeness and its Discontents
Authors: France Peter
Published: December 2009

This is a 1992 study of writing of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, mainly in France, but also in Britain and Russia. Its focus is on the establishing and questioning of rational, 'civilized' norms of 'politeness', which in the ancien régime meant not just polite manners, but a certain ideal of society and culture. Within this general context, a series of familiar oppositions, between polite and rude, tame and wild, urban(e) and rustic, élite and popular, adult and child, reason and unreason, gives the initial impetus to enquiries which often show how these opposites interpenetrate, how hierarchies are reversed, and how compromises are sought. Polite society, like polite literature, needs and desires its opposite. The ideal is often the meeting of garden and wilderness, where the savage encounters the civilized and gifts are exchanged. Professor France points to the centrality, but also the vulnerability, in classical culture, of the ideal of 'politeness', and his discussion embraces revolutionary eloquence and enlightened primitivism, the value of hyperbole, and the essay as a form of polite sociability.
Trade and the Environment
Authors: Geradin Damien
Published: December 2009

Trade and the Environment is a penetrating analysis of the relation between trade and environmental protection policies in the EC and the US. It argues that the international tensions arising from policies designed to protect trade and the environment can be resolved by the free trade provisions of the EC Treaty and the US Constitution, and from the setting of common environmental standards for all parties. It discusses also the contributions of the judiciary and legislature toward the solution of these tensions. The interaction between them, writes Dr Geradin, shapes the balance between trade and environmental objectives in the Community and the United States. More generally, they define the progress of environmental protection in these systems.
Justice in International Law
Authors: Schwebel Stephen M.
Published: December 2009

Judge Stephen M. Schwebel has been a highly respected member of the International Court of Justice since 1981. Since 1947 he has written more than 100 articles, commentaries and book reviews in legal and other periodicals and in the press. This volume brings together 36 of his legal articles and commentaries of continuing interest. The first part of the book examines the performance and capacity of the International Court of Justice, the second with aspects of international arbitration, and the third part looks at problems of the United Nations, especially the authority of the Secretary-General, the character of the Secretariat and financial apportionment. Part IV deals with questions of international contracts and taking foreign property interests, while the fifth part considers the development of international law, and in particular the central problem of the unlawful use of force.
The Political Economy of Argentina in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Conde Roberto Cortés
Published: December 2009

In this book, Roberto Cortés Conde describes and explains the decline of the Argentine economy in the twentieth century, its evolution, and its consequences. At the beginning of the century, the economy grew at a sustained rate, a modern transport system united the country, a massive influx of immigrants populated the land, and education expanded, leading to a dramatic fall in illiteracy. However, by the second half of the century, growth not only stalled, but a dramatic reversal occurred, and the perspectives in the median and long term turned negative, and growth eventually collapsed. This work of historical analysis defines the most important problems faced by the Argentine economy. Some of these problems were fundamental, while others occurred without being properly considered, but in their entirety, Cortés Conde demonstrates how they had a deleterious effect on the country.
Crisis, Revolution, and Russian Jews
Authors: Frankel Jonathan
Published: December 2009

This collection of essays examines the politicization and the politics of the Jewish people in the Russian empire during the late tsarist period. The focal point is the Russian revolution of 1905, when the political mobilization of the Jewish youth took on massive proportions, producing a cohort of radicalized activists - committed to socialism, nationalism, or both - who would exert an extraordinary influence on Jewish history in the twentieth-century in Eastern Europe, the United States, and Palestine. Frankel describes the dynamics of 1905 and the leading role of the intelligentsia as revolutionaries, ideologues, and observers. But, elsewhere, he also looks backwards to the emergent stage of modern Jewish politics in both Russia and the West and forward to the part played by the veterans of 1905 in Palestine and the United States.
Descriptive Psychopathology
Authors: Taylor Michael Alan , Vaidya Nutan Atre
Published: December 2009

In order to accurately describe and diagnose psychiatric illness, practitioners require in-depth knowledge of the signs and symptoms of behavioral disorders. Descriptive Psychopathology provides a broad review of the psychopathology of psychiatric illness, beyond the limitations of the DSM and ICD criteria. Beginning with a discussion of the background to psychiatric classification, the authors explore the problems and limitations of current diagnostic systems. The following chapters then present the principles of psychiatric examination and diagnosis, described with accompanying patient vignettes and summary tables, and related to different diagnostic concerns. A thought-provoking conclusion proposes a restructuring of psychiatric classification based on the psychopathology literature and its validating data. Written for psychiatry and neurology residents, clinical psychologists, behavioral neurologists, clinical psychology students and psychiatric nurse practitioners, it is invaluable to anyone who accepts the responsibility for the care of patients with behavioral syndromes.
Interaction in Poetic Imagery
Authors: Silk Michael S.
Published: December 2009

This is an unusual and original contribution to literary theory. Michael Silk is a classicist, but his book is concerned not only with the literature of antiquity, but also with the theory of literature as such: it investigates an aspect of poetic imagery in the practical context of ancient poetry. In the course of the investigation, many illustrative passages from English verse are discussed, but the corpus of poetry chosen for particular attention is early Greek lyric and drama (up to and including Aeschylus and Pindar) and the several hundred relevant passages from this corpus are examined systematically. Dr Silk formulates a new critical concept, 'interaction', to characterize certain features of metaphor and other imagery and explores in detail their nature and significance. Besides interaction itself, many subsidiary 'matters arising' are given substantial treatment: there are discussions of related issues in the fields of stylistics and literary theory, new thoughts on various aspects of ancient literature (notions of Greco-Roman theorists as well as practices of Greek poets), and above all, important contributions to the theory and practice of 'literary lexicography' in a dead language.
Plato and his Predecessors
Authors: McCabe Mary Margaret
Published: December 2009

How does Plato view his philosophical antecedents? Plato and his Predecessors considers how Plato represents his philosophical predecessors in a late quartet of dialogues: the Theaetetus, the Sophist, the Politicus and the Philebus. Why is it that the sophist Protagoras, or the monist Parmenides, or the advocate of flux, Heraclitus, are so important in these dialogues? And why are they represented as such shadowy figures, barely present at their own refutations? The explanation, the author argues, is a complex one involving both the reflective relation between Plato's dramatic technique and his philosophical purposes, and the very nature of his late philosophical views. For in these encounters with his predecessors we see Plato develop a new account of the principles of reason, against those who would deny them, and forge a fresh view of the best life - the life of the philosopher.
Shakespeare and Multiplicity
Authors: Gibbons Brian
Published: December 2009

Brian Gibbons presents the idea of multiplicity as a way of understanding the form and style of Shakespeare's plays: composed of many different codes, woven together in a unique pattern for each play, rather than variations on fixed notions of comedy or tragedy. Selecting from different phases of Shakespeare's career, the book's method is comparison, using an imaginative range of texts and new approaches; there is also lively discussion of modern staging. Comparison with major works by Spenser, Sidney and Marlowe is complemented by a demonstration of Shakespeare's re-use of his own previous plays and poems. Far from reducing the plays to a formula, Brian Gibbons shows how criticism articulates what popular audiences have always known, that the plays' sheer abundance and variety is their strength. This 1993 book is scholarly, yet straightforward, on an issue of central interest.
In the Theatre of Romanticism
Authors: Carlson Julie A.
Published: December 2009

English Romanticism has long been considered an 'undramatic' and 'anti-theatrical' age, yet Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats all wrote plays and viewed them as central to England's poetic and political reform. In the Theatre of Romanticism analyses these plays, in the context of London theatre at the time, and argues that Romantic discourse on theatre is crucial to constructions of nationhood in the period. The book focuses primarily on Coleridge and on the middle stage of his career, during which he wrote most extensively for and about the theatre. But its discussion of anxieties about women in Coleridge's plays applies just as forcefully to the history plays of the second-generation romantic poets, and to the best-known romantic writers on theatre: Hazlitt, Hunt and Lamb. Unlike the few existing studies of romantic drama, this study considers the plays not as closet drama or 'mental theatre', but as theatrical contributions to the debate sparked off by the Revolution in France.
Crime and Defoe
Authors: Faller Lincoln B.
Published: December 2009

This book seeks to recover something of the original excitement, challenge and significance of Defoe's four novels of criminal life by reading them within and against the conventions of early eighteenth-century criminal biography. Crime raised deeply troubling questions in Defoe's time, not least as a powerful sign of the breakdown of traditional social authority and order. Arguing that Defoe's novels, like criminal biography, provided ways of facing and working through, as well as avoiding, certain of the moral and intellectual difficulties that crime raised for him and his readers, Faller shows how the 'literary', even 'aesthetic' qualities of his fiction contributed to these ends. Analysing the ways in which Defoe's novels exploited, deformed and departed from the genre they imitated, this book attempts to define the specific social and political (which is to say moral and ideological) value of a given set of 'literary' texts against those of a more 'ordinary' form of narrative.
Object and Property
Authors: Denkel Arda
Published: December 2009

Professor Arda Denkel argues here that objects are nothing more than bundles of properties. From this point of view he tackles some central questions of ontology: how is an object distinct from others; how does it remain the same while it changes through time? A second contention is that properties are particular entities restricted to the objects they inhabit. The appearance that they exist generally, in a multitude of things, is due to the way we conceptualize them. Other problems dealt with include how objects bear similarities by belonging to the same kinds, and how change in them is caused. Denkel defends a thoroughgoing particularism and offers purely qualitative accounts of individuation, identity, essences and matter. Throughout, the main alternative positions are surveyed, and the relevant historical background is traced.
Women and Property in Morocco
Authors: Maher Vanessa
Published: December 2009

This is a study of the effects of 'modernization' on the social and economic world of women in Morocco. Vanessa Maher suggests that three systems of social stratification modify one another: a system of classes based on relation to the means of production; a system of estates, differentiated by inherited status; and a system of segmentary tribal groups, based on territorial rights. Although all Moroccans use all these systems on different occasions it is the women who, faced with their own exclusion from wage-earning, along with the instability of marriage and the inadequacy of most family incomes, respond by perpetually reconstituting the groups on which they must depend, those based on territorial rights and putative kinship. By observing these social networks, Maher has been able to identify part of what inhibits the development of class consciousness, and what favours a clientistic political structure.
Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesia
Authors: Bertrand Jacques
Published: December 2009

Since 1998, which marked the end of the thirty-three-year New Order regime under President Suharto, there has been a dramatic increase in ethnic conflict and violence in Indonesia. In his innovative and persuasive account, Jacques Bertrand argues that conflicts in Maluku, Kalimantan, Aceh, Papua, and East Timur were a result of the New Order's narrow and constraining reinterpretation of Indonesia's 'national model'. The author shows how, at the end of the 1990s, this national model came under intense pressure at the prospect of institutional transformation, a reconfiguration of ethnic relations, and an increase in the role of Islam in Indonesia's political institutions. It was within the context of these challenges, that the very definition of the Indonesian nation and what it meant to be Indonesian came under scrutiny. The book sheds light on the roots of religious and ethnic conflict at a turning point in Indonesia's history.
Economic Laws and Economic History
Authors: Kindleberger Charles P.
Published: December 2009

In this volume, Charles Kindleberger makes a powerful case against the idea that any one model could be used to unlock the basic secret of economic history. It is essentially an exercise in methodology, addressed to economists and economic historians alike. He argues that too many economists discover a relationship or a uniformity in economic behaviour, develop a model, and use it to explain more than it is capable of, including, on occasion, all economic behaviour. These lectures discuss four 'laws' in economics to show how uniformities can illuminate economic history in particular aspects. They illustrate the view that the economist or economic historian seeking to test analysis against historical data should have a variety of different models, and not just one. The implication is that however scientific and technical the tools, choosing them carefully to fit particular circumstances is itself an art.
The Tyranny and Fall of Edward II 1321–1326
Authors: Fryde Natalie
Published: December 2009

This book reassesses the unusually violent rule of Edward II and the Despensers between 1321 and 1326. It examines the social dislocation caused by Edward's execution of his opponents and the confiscation of their lands in 1322 and the perversion of the law which accompanied it. From an examination of a large amount of unpublished material, Mrs Fryde shows how an exceptionally grasping courtier, the younger Despenser, worked with an equally grasping king to produce for the one an enormously swollen landed estate and for the other a vast hoard of treasure. The new evidence brought to light suggests that it was greed for wealth rather than any spirit of innovation which brought the Exchequer reforms of these years. Queen Isabella's contribution to the king's overthrow and Edward's disastrous relations with her brother, the king of France, are worked out in detail and there is a separate chapter on the contribution of London to the downfall of the regime.
Marriage Litigation in Medieval England
Authors: Helmholz R. H.
Published: December 2009

This book tells one part of the long history of the institution of marriage. Questions concerning the formation and annulment of marriage came under the exclusive jurisdiction of the church courts during the Middle Ages. Drawing on unpublished records of these courts, Professor Helmholz describes the practical side of matrimonial jurisdiction and relates it to his outline of the formal law of marriage. He investigates the nature of the cases heard, the procedure used, the people involved and changes over the period covered, all of which add to what is known about marriage and legal practice in medieval England. The concluding assessment of canonical jurisdiction over marriage suggests that the application of the law was more successful than is usually thought.
Neighbourhood and Society: A London Suburb in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Boulton Jeremy
Published: December 2009

This book is a pioneering social and economic study of a London suburban parish in the seventeenth century, which sheds new light on the important but relatively neglected topic of London's social history. Chapters on demography, social and occupational structure, topography, population turnover and residential mobility, and neighbourly relations, lead to a discussion of the involvement of the inhabitants of the district in local government and church ceremonial. Throughout, social and economic features of the neighbourhood are compared to those found elsewhere in London, and in other towns and cities, in early modern England. The book will therefore be of interest to all concerned with the behaviour of the town dweller in the past, and will serve as a springboard for further historical studies of urban society.
Protestantism and Patriotism
Authors: Pincus Steven C. A.
Published: December 2009

Protestantism and Patriotism offers a fundamental reinterpretation of English political culture between 1650 and 1668. It is also both the most detailed study to date of the causes and consequences of the first two Anglo-Dutch Wars (1652–1654 and 1665–1667), and a configuration of the English political nation which engaged in those two conflicts. Professor Pincus argues that it is impossible to understand the making of English foreign policy in this period without a careful study of its ideological contexts, while at the same time suggesting that accounts of English domestic politics which ignore the ideological implications of England's place in European political culture are impoverished. Because of the broad context in which the Anglo-Dutch Wars are situated, the book will appeal not only to specialists in English foreign policy but to all those interested in seventeenth-century English and Dutch politics and culture.
Law and Politics in Middle Ages
Authors: Ullmann Walter
Published: December 2009

The purpose of this book is to put before the student of politics and the general reader an overall conspectus of the sources from which political ideas took their origin. The author, who is an acknowledged international authority on the subject and who over many years of intensive research has acquired an intimate familiarity with the material, makes his specialised knowledge available to the non-specialist. The book traverses ground that is virtually uncultivated, and it does so in an exciting way - by taking the reader into the chanceries of governments, of public organs and functionaries, and into the lecture halls of the great scholars in the universities. It shows upon what presuppositions publicists, litterateurs, government advisers, scholars and learned writers have proceeded to arrive at their political views. This variegated mass of material is here comprehensively presented.
Socialist Europe and Revolutionary Russia
Authors: Naarden Bruno
Published: December 2009

Socialist Europe and Revolutionary Russia: Perception and Prejudice 1848–1923 analyses perceptions and images of Russia held by European socialists in the period between the revolutions of 1848 and firm establishment of the Soviet regime in the early 1920s. Professor Naarden investigates in detail the sometimes pernicious influence of the age-old Western image of Russia on the ideological outlook and actions of the largest organised political movement in Europe. Whereas the history of socialism has been largely written from a national point of view, or within a national framework, this survey of a major pan-European theme permits an alternative perspective on contemporary East-West relations, and on numerous important aspects of nineteenth-century socialism, not least the powerful role in its development of a number of Russian writers, whether as protagonists or opponents.
Prelude to the Mahdiyya
Authors: Bjørkelo Anders
Published: December 2009

During the first colonial period (the Turkiyya, 1821–85), the Shendi region of the Northern Sudan was inhabited by peasants, traders and nomads. This book analyses socio-economic change among the peasants and traders during this formative period of Sudanese history. Administration, agriculture and trade in transition from a pre-colonial to a colonial economy are discussed. Anders Bjørkelo argues that Turkish demands for cash-crop cultivation and taxation in cash ruined the villages and towns and undermined the local subsistence economy, and that the role of traders as mediators in the process of monetisation contributed to stagnation and rural indebtedness. By combining a thorough mastery of the travel literature with examination of previously unknown manuscript sources, notably the private papers of a prominent Sudanese merchant, he is able to offer a closer view of the situation of trader and peasant families. For the first time it is possible to consider the period from a Sudanese point of view. Dr Bjørkelo concludes that General Gordon's policy of driving back to the impoverished north the waves of emigrants to the Southern Sudan was instrumental in triggering off the Mahdist movement, and also interestingly suggests points of comparison between reactions to Muslim, as against European, imperialism.
The Nationalist Revolution in China, 1923–1928
Authors: Wilbur C. Martin
Published: December 2009

This lively history of China's Nationalist revolution tells the story of a small group of Chinese patriots headed by Sun Yat-sen until his death in 1925. They mobilised men, money, and propaganda to create a provincial base from which they launched a revolutionary military campaign to unify the country, end imperialist privilege, and bring the Kuomintang to power. Soviet Russia induced the fledgling Chinese Communist Party to join the effort, and sent money, arms, military and political experts to guide the revolution. But there was a fatal flaw in this co-operation, and when the fighting was over, the remnant Communist Party had been driven underground, the Russian experts had been expelled, and a faction-riven Nationalist Party led by Chiang Kai-shek could claim to be China's new government. This study of a key period in China's history, reprinted from Volume 12 of The Cambridge History of China, is solidly based in Chinese, Russian, and Western languages sources.
Men of Modest Substance
Authors: Faroqhi Suraiya
Published: December 2009

This is a study of two contrasting towns in Anatolia in the seventeenth century. As house ownership was widespread, data concerning value, description, location and ownership of dwellings constitute a valid manner of approaching urban society as a whole. Through her use of documents from the kadi registers of Ankara and Kayseri, Dr Faroqui follows changes in patterns of house ownership over approximately a century. The urban society thus revealed differs from the patterns generally associated with the 'Islamic city' model. Townsmen often bought real estate without selecting a quarter inhabited by their co-religionists, which throws light on the Muslim majority's attitude to the Christian minority. However examples of wealthy and poor quarters were not known. The kadi registers also indicate that despite passing through a period of crisis early in the century, both cultures managed a fairly rapid recovery from this.
Mannerism in Arabic Poetry
Authors: Sperl Stefan
Published: December 2009

This book attempts to identify elements of mannerism and classicism in medieval Arabic poetry. Mannerism in Arabic has usually been linked with the appearance of an ornate rhetorical style called badi which became characteristic of poetry and prose from the fifth century AH/ninth century AD onwards. This study, however, is not so much concerned with the discussion of rhetorical devices as manifest in selected passages and individual lines of poetry; rather, it seeks to attain its objective through a structuralist analysis of complete poems. After the formulation of a hypothesis on the structural coherence of a cardinal form of poetic expression, the panegyric, structuralist analyses of selected poems from the medieval era follow, and the final chapter describes mannerism and classicism as contrasting styles in which the individual poem relates in fundamentally different ways to the literary convention from which it arises and the subject matter it portrays.
Ideal Theory
Authors: Northcott D. G.
Published: December 2009

Ideal theory is important not only for the intrinsic interest and purity of its logical structure but because it is a necessary tool in many branches of mathematics. In this introduction to the modern theory of ideals, Professor Northcott assumes a sound background of mathematical theory but no previous knowledge of modern algebra. After a discussion of elementary ring theory, he deals with the properties of Noetherian rings and the algebraic and analytical theories of local rings. In order to give some idea of deeper applications of this theory the author has woven into the connected algebraic theory those results which play outstanding roles in the geometric applications.
The Theory of Generalised Functions
Authors: Jones D. S.
Published: December 2009

Starting from an elementary level Professor Jones discusses generalised functions and their applications. He aims to supply the simplest introduction for those who wish to learn to use generalised functions and there is liberal provision of exercises with which to gain experience. The study of more advanced topics such as partial differential equations, Laplace transforms and ultra-distributions should also make it a valuable source for researchers. The demands placed upon the reader's analytical background are the minimum required to approach this topic. Therefore, by selecting chapters it is possible to construct a short introductory course for students, a final-year option for honours undergraduates or a comprehensive postgraduate course.
The Medical Practitioner's Guide to Paediatric Audiology
Authors: McCormick Barry
Published: December 2009

This book provides a handy reference guide for medical practitioners who do not have specialist knowledge in paediatric audiology but who, nevertheless, will encounter many cases with mild hearing impairment in childhood, and occasional cases with more severe hearing problems. The test procedures used to assess the presence, type, nature and degree of hearing impairment are described with guidance on how to interpret the information provided in audiological reports. A book of this nature is long overdue and its presence is very timely given the appearance of various publications outlining requirements for improved quality and more effective service provision for hearing impaired children. The early detection of hearing problems is of fundamental importance in childhood and the medical practitioner has a central and active role in this process. Guidance on what practitioners can and should do is given in the text together with the answers to many questions which parents bring to the surgery.