bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potentiometric Studies on Ion-Transport Selectivity in Charged Gold Nanotubes
Authors: Volta Thomas T. , Walters Stevie N. , Martin Charles R.
Published: July 2024

Under ideal conditions, nanotubes with a fixed negative tube-wall charge will reject anions and transport-only cations. Because many proposed nanofluidic devices are optimized in this ideally cation-permselective state, it is important to know the experimental conditions that produce ideal responses. A parameter called Ccrit, the highest salt concentration in a contacting solution that still produces ideal cation permselectivity, is of particular importance. Pioneering potentiometric studies on gold nanotubes were interpreted using an electrostatic model that states that Ccrit should occur when the Debye length in the contacting salt solution becomes equivalent to the tube radius. Since this “double-layer overlap model” (DLOM), treats all same-charge ions as identical point charges, it predicts that all same-charged cations should produce the same Ccrit. However, the effect of cation on Ccrit in gold nanotubes was never investigated. This knowledge gap has become important because recent studies with a polymeric cation-permselective nanopore membrane showed that DLOM failed for every cation studied. To resolve this issue, we conducted potentiometric studies on the effect of salt cation on Ccrit for a 10 nm diameter gold nanotube membrane. Ccrit for all cations studied were, within experimental error, the same and identical, with values predicted by DLOM. The reason DLOM prevailed for the gold nanotubes but failed for the polymeric nanopores stems from the chemical difference between the fixed negative charges of these two membranes.
Comparative Effects of Gymnema sylvestre and Berberine on Adipokines, Body Composition, and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Patients: A Randomized Study
Authors: Bandala Cindy , Carro-Rodríguez Jazmín , Cárdenas-Rodríguez Noemí , Peña-Montero Itzel , Gómez-López Modesto , Hernández-Roldán Ana Paola , Huerta-Cruz Juan Carlos , Muñoz-González Felipe , Ignacio-Mejía Iván , Domínguez Brayan , Lara-Padilla Eleazar
Published: July 2024

Gymnema sylvestre (GS) and berberine (BBR) are natural products that have demonstrated therapeutic potential for the management of obesity and its comorbidities, as effective and safe alternatives to synthetic drugs. Although their anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic properties have been widely studied, comparative research on their impact on the gene expression of adipokines, such as resistin (Res), omentin (Ome), visfatin (Vis) and apelin (Ap), has not been reported. Methodology: We performed a comparative study in 50 adult Mexican patients with obesity treated with GS or BBR for 3 months. The baseline and final biochemical parameters, body composition, blood pressure, gene expression of Res, Ome, Vis, and Ap, and safety parameters were evaluated. Results: BBR significantly decreased (p < 0.05) body weight, blood pressure and Vis and Ap gene expression and increased Ome, while GS decreased fasting glucose and Res gene expression (p < 0.05). A comparative analysis of the final measurements revealed a lower gene expression of Ap and Vis (p < 0.05) in patients treated with BBR than in those treated with GS. The most frequent adverse effects in both groups were gastrointestinal symptoms, which attenuated during the first month of treatment. Conclusion: In patients with obesity, BBR has a better effect on body composition, blood pressure, and the gene expression of adipokines related to metabolic risk, while GS has a better effect on fasting glucose and adipokines related to insulin resistance, with minimal side effects.
Experiences with Negative Behavior and Incivility: Perspectives of Unlicensed Assistive Personnel and Registered Nurses
Authors: Layne Diana , Beall Christina , Bryant William T. , Morris Lynnette , Craven Heather
Published: July 2024

Healthcare professionals experience negative behaviors such as incivility from various sources within the hospital environment. However, little is known regarding the experience of unlicensed assistive personnel with these behaviors. Using a cross-sectional survey design, the research team aimed to examine the presence, sources, and impact of negative behaviors among registered nurses and unlicensed assistive personnel within a US hospital. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative responses. A total of 309 participants completed the survey, and 135 participants responded to three qualitative questions. Most respondents identified inadequate staffing/resources to handle workload (87%) and job stress leading to loss of control over behavior as contributing factors to lateral/vertical aggression in the work environment (71%). Impacts of negative behavior on job performance were related to both personal well-being and the work environment. Demoralization was identified as a common consequence of negative behaviors for individuals and within the work environment. The results suggested that registered nurses, unlicensed assistive personnel, and nursing leadership may benefit from system-wide approaches addressing negative behaviors such as incivility within the clinical environment. Specifically, efforts and policies aimed at aiding clinicians in responding to negative behaviors could potentially improve the clinical environment.
New Physics Opportunities at the DUNE Near Detector
Authors: Melas Pantelis , Papoulias Dimitrios K. , Saoulidou Niki
Published: July 2024

Focusing on elastic neutrino–electron scattering events, we explore the prospect of constraining new physics beyond the Standard Model at the DUNE Near Detector (ND). Specifically, we extract the attainable sensitivities for motivated scenarios such as neutrino generalized interactions (NGIs), the sterile neutrino dipole portal and unitarity violation. We furthermore examine the impact of the τ-optimized flux at the DUNE-ND and compare our results with those obtained using the standard CP-optimized flux. We find that our present analysis is probing a previously unexplored region of the parameter space, complementing existing results from cosmological observations and terrestrial experiments.
Phytoremediation Potential of Crotalaria pumila (Fabaceae) in Soils Polluted with Heavy Metals: Evidence from Field and Controlled Experiments
Authors: Santoyo-Martínez Miguel , Mussali-Galante Patricia , Hernández-Plata Isela , Valencia-Cuevas Leticia , Rodríguez Alexis , Castrejón-Godínez María Luisa , Tovar-Sánchez Efraín
Published: July 2024

Phytoremediation is a useful, low-cost, and environmentally friendly alternative for the rehabilitation of heavy-metal-contaminated (HM) soils. This technology takes advantage of the ability of certain plant species to accumulate HMs in their tissues. Crotalaria pumila is a herbaceous plant with a wide geographical distribution that grows naturally in environments polluted with HMs. In this work, the bioaccumulation capacity of roots and leaves in relation to five HMs (Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) was evaluated, as well as the morphological changes presented in C. pumila growing in control substrate (without HMs) and mine-tailing substrate (with HMs) under greenhouse conditions for 150 days. Four metals with the following concentration pattern were detected in both tissues and substrates: Fe > Pb > Cu > Zn. Fe, Pb, and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in the roots and leaves of individuals growing on mine-tailing substrate compared to the control substrate. In contrast, Cu concentration increased over time in the exposed individuals. The bioconcentration factor showed a similar pattern in root and leaf: Cu > Fe > Pb > Zn. Around 87.5% of the morphological characters evaluated in this species decreased significantly in individuals exposed to HMs. The bioconcentration factor shows that C. pumila is efficient at absorbing Cu, Fe, and Pb from the mine-tailing substrate, in the root and leaf tissue, and the translocation factor shows its efficiency in translocating Cu from the roots to the leaves. Therefore, C. pumila may be considered as a HM accumulator plant with potential for phytoremediation of polluted soils with Cu, Pb, and Fe, along with the ability to establish itself naturally in contaminated environments, without affecting its germination rates. Also, it exhibits wide geographical distribution, it has a short life cycle, exhibits rapid growth, and can retain the mine-tailing substrate, extracting HMs in a short time.
Enhancing Sustainability in PLA Membrane Preparation through the Use of Biobased Solvents
Authors: Gomez d’Ayala Giovanna , Marino Tiziana , de Almeida Yêda Medeiros Bastos , Costa Anna Raffaela de Matos , Bezerra da Silva Larissa , Argurio Pietro , Laurienzo Paola
Published: July 2024

For the first time, ultrafiltration (UF) green membranes were prepared through a sustainable route by using PLA as a biopolymer and dihydrolevoclucosenone, whose trade name is Cyrene™ (Cyr), dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), and ethyl lactate (EL) as biobased solvents. The influence of physical-chemical properties of the solvent on the final membrane morphology and performance was evaluated. The variation of polymer concentration in the casting solution, as well as the presence of Pluronic® (Plu) as a pore former agent, were assessed as well. The obtained results highlighted that the final morphology of a membrane was strictly connected with the interplaying of thermodynamic factors as well as kinetic ones, primarily dope solution viscosity. The pore size of the resulting PLA membranes ranged from 0.02 to 0.09 μm. Membrane thickness and porosity varied in the range of 0.090–0.133 mm of 75–87%, respectively, and DMI led to the most porous membranes. The addition of Plu to the casting solution showed a beneficial effect on the membrane contact angle, allowing the formation of hydrophilic membranes (contact angle < 90°), and promoted the increase of pore size as well as the reduction of membrane crystallinity. PLA membranes were tested for pure water permeability (10–390 L/m2 h bar).
A Systematic Review on the Generation of Organic Structures through Additive Manufacturing Techniques
Authors: Bernadi-Forteza Alex , Mallon Michael , Velasco-Gallego Christian , Cubo-Mateo Nieves
Published: July 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a transformative technology in the fabrication of intricate structures, offering unparalleled adaptability in crafting complex geometries. Particularly noteworthy is its burgeoning significance within the realm of medical prosthetics, owing to its capacity to seamlessly replicate anatomical forms utilizing biocompatible materials. Notably, the fabrication of porous architectures stands as a cornerstone in orthopaedic prosthetic development and bone tissue engineering. Porous constructs crafted via AM exhibit meticulously adjustable pore dimensions, shapes, and porosity levels, thus rendering AM indispensable in their production. This systematic review ventures to furnish a comprehensive examination of extant research endeavours centred on the generation of porous scaffolds through additive manufacturing modalities. Its primary aim is to delineate variances among distinct techniques, materials, and structural typologies employed, with the overarching objective of scrutinizing the cutting-edge methodologies in engineering self-supported stochastic printable porous frameworks via AM, specifically for bone scaffold fabrication. Findings show that most of the structures analysed correspond to lattice structures. However, there is a strong tendency to use organic structures generated by mathematical models and printed using powder bed fusion techniques. However, no work has been found that proposes a self-supporting design for organic structures.
Microbial Exopolysaccharides: Structure, Diversity, Applications, and Future Frontiers in Sustainable Functional Materials
Authors: Mouro Cláudia , Gomes Ana P. , Gouveia Isabel C.
Published: July 2024

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are a diverse class of biopolymers synthesized by microorganisms under environmental stress conditions, such as pH, temperature, light intensity, and salinity. They offer biodegradable and environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic polymers. Their structural versatility and functional properties make them unique in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, cosmetics, textiles, petroleum, and environmental remediation. In this way, among the well-known EPSs, homopolysaccharides like dextran, bacterial cellulose, curdlan, and levan, as well as heteropolysaccharides like xanthan gum, alginate, gellan, and kefiran, have found widespread applications in numerous fields. However, recent attention has focused on the potential role of extremophile bacteria in producing EPSs with novel and unusual protective and biological features under extreme conditions. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the functional properties and applications of the commonly employed EPSs. It emphasizes their importance in various industries and scientific endeavors while highlighting the raised interest in exploring EPSs with novel compositions, structures, and properties, including underexplored protective functionalities. Nevertheless, despite the potential benefits of EPSs, challenges persist. Hence, this review discusses these challenges, explores opportunities, and outlines future directions, focusing on their impact on developing innovative, sustainable, and functional materials.
Analytical Solution for Contaminant Transport through a Soil–Bentonite (SB)/Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL)/Soil–Bentonite (SB) Composite Cutoff Wall and an Aquifer
Authors: Peng Ming-Qing , Qiu Zhi-Chao , Chen Zhang-Long , Xu Hui , Shen Si-Liang , Zhou Jia-Jie
Published: July 2024

This study develops a one-dimensional analytical solution for contaminant advection, diffusion and adsorption through a soil–bentonite (SB)/geosynthetic clay liner (GCL)/SB–aquifer composite cutoff wall (CCW) system. The solution agrees well with an existing double-layer model. Adopting toluene as a representative contaminant, using the present solution, the analysis systematically investigates the impact of hydraulic gradient (i) and the hydraulic conductivities of GCL (kgcl) and SB (ksb). The results show the following: (1) Increasing i from 0.1 to 1 reduces the concentration breakthrough time (tcb) from 20 to 11 years and mass flux breakthrough time (tfb) from infinite to 11 years, indicating lower i significantly extend both tcb and tfb, which is crucial for optimizing CCW barrier performance; (2) lowering kgcl from 5.0 × 10−11 m/s to 1 × 10−12 m/s and reducing ksb from 1.0 × 10−9 m/s to 1.0 × 10−11 m/s, would increase the tcb by 36% and 100%, respectively. It demonstrates that reducing kgcl and ksb could enhance barrier performance. (3) To achieve equivalent barrier performance, soil–bentonite cutoff wall (SBCW) requires greater thickness compared to SB/GCL/SB CCW, indicating that GCL reduces the required amount of bentonite; and (4) CCWs can use SB with lower adsorption capacity to achieve equivalent performance, further reducing bentonite requirements. The present solution can aid in the design and optimization of GCL-enhanced CCWs.
An Introduction to the Special Issue: History of Christianity: The Relationship between Church and State
Authors: Prud’homme Joseph Gilbert , Strehle Stephen
Published: July 2024

Religion remains omnipresent [...]
Navigating Faith and Politics: The Evolution of Islamic Education and NGOs in the Balkans
Authors: Ali Muhamed
Published: July 2024

This study employs a multi-dimensional approach to analyze the impact of Islamic education on the Balkans’ religious, educational, and socio-political landscapes. Using descriptive, historical, and analytical methods, it examines the evolution and influence of Islamic educational institutions under Ottoman rule and their continued development through the 20th and early 21st centuries. The research evaluates the curricula, teaching methods, and societal roles of these institutions, exploring their contribution to Islamic knowledge dissemination and community building. Further, it investigates the complex interactions between these institutions, Middle Eastern NGOs, state power, and societal changes, aiming to provide a nuanced understanding of their legacy and relevance today. This study addresses the critical role of these institutions and NGOs in shaping Islamic religious education and their broader implications for the Muslim communities in the Balkans.
Music and Spirituality: An Auto-Ethnographic Study of How Five Individuals Used Music to Enrich Their Soul
Authors: Bist Dinesh , Shuttleworth Matt , Smith Laura , Smith Peter , Walker-Gleaves Caroline
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a study of the experiences of five individuals who explore their unique relationship between music and spirituality. Each participant critically narrates their faith and beliefs and explores how these relate to their experiences with music. The paper begins with a brief exposition of the literature concerning music and spirituality and the linkages between the two. The methodology combines narrative and auto-ethnography, underpinned by a phenomenological approach to reflection on experiences. Using deep self-analysis, the five authors derive and discover lessons concerning their own relationship between faith, spirituality, and music. These are then analysed to produce common themes concerning the intertwining of spirituality with music. Finally, the conclusions present a novel contribution which includes lessons on how through self-exploration, one can use music and spirituality to repair and ultimately enrich the soul. The paper exposes the interplay between faith, spirituality and music, which will be of general interest and provide inspiration to those who intend to use music to enrich their lives and heal themselves.
Energy Management System for a Residential Positive Energy District Based on Fuzzy Logic Approach (RESTORATIVE)
Authors: Castillo-Calzadilla Tony , Oroya-Villalta Jesús , Borges Cruz
Published: July 2024

There is a clear European Strategy to transition by 2050 from a fossil fuel-based economy to a completely new system based on renewable energy resources, with electricity as the main energy carrier. Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) are urban areas that produce at least as much energy as their yearly consumption. To meet this objective, they must incorporate distributed generation based on renewable systems within their boundaries. This article considers the fluctuations in electricity prices and local renewable availability and develops a PED model with a centralised energy storage system focused on electricity self-sufficiency and self-consumption. We present a fuzzy logic-based energy management system which optimises the state of charge of the energy storage solution considering local electricity production and loads along with the contracted electric tariff. The methodology is tested in a PED comprising 360 households in Bilbao (a city in the north of Spain), setting various scenarios, including changes in the size of the electric storage, long-term climate change effects, and extreme changes in the price of energy carriers. The study revealed that the assessed PED could reach up to 75.6% self-sufficiency and 76.8% self-consumption, with climate change expected to improve these values. On economic aspects, the return on investment of the proposal ranges from 6 up to 12 years depending on the configuration choice. Also, the case that boosts the economic viability is tight to non-business as usual (BaU), whichever event spiked up the prices or climate change conditions shortens the economic variables. The average bill is around 12.89 EUR/month per house for scenario BaU; meanwhile, a catastrophic event increases the bill by as much as 76.7%. On the other hand, climate crisis events impact energy generation, strengthening this and, as a consequence, slightly reducing the bill by up to 11.47 EUR/month.
Understanding Consumers’ Willingness to Pay More and Choice Behavior for Organic Food Products Considering the Influence of Skepticism
Authors: Shamsi Mohd Salman , Abad Arif
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research is to uncover consumers’ willingness to pay more (WTPM) and their choice behavior (CB) for organic food products using the Theory of Consumption Values (TCV) while also examining how skepticism toward organic labeling impacts the relationship between WTPM and CB. This study includes 374 survey responses collected using purposive sampling. The statistical software package IBM SPSS 28 was utilized for factor analysis and reliability, while CFA, validity, and structural assessments were carried out using AMOS 28 software. Process Macro 4.1 was employed to study the interaction of skepticism. This study reveals that consumers favor organic foods due to various values: price, social, emotional, epistemic, and conditional. Despite this, only price value directly affects the willingness to pay more. Once committed, consumers are willing to pay more, yet skepticism can hinder this commitment. Marketers should highlight the health, eco-friendliness, and value benefits of organic food products through advertisements and infomercials linking organics to daily life. Emotional appeals can stress the harms of non-organic foods, though skepticism must be managed delicately by gaining consumers’ trust.
Sustainable Human Resource Management with a Focus on Corporate Employee Recruitment
Authors: Koman Gabriel , Boršoš Patrik , Kubina Milan
Published: July 2024

Sustainability principles are becoming an integral part of all aspects of business operations, including human resource management (HRM). Despite extensive research in the field of sustainability, there is a lack of focus on sustainable practices in the recruitment process. This article aims to identify opportunities for sustainable HRM with a focus on the recruitment of new employees in a company. The authors defined three research questions using the PICO method and subsequently applied PRISMA, bibliometric analysis, and content analysis methods to address them. The result is a proposal for a sustainable recruitment model, illustrated using the Milky Way Map framework. The model highlights the key areas of recruitment that need to be considered to achieve sustainable management of the recruitment process. The research emphasizes the importance of implementing a sustainable approach to recruitment. Information systems/information technology (IS/IT) plays a crucial role in optimizing recruitment processes and reducing negative environmental, social, and economic impacts. The implementation of the proposed model can bring benefits such as more efficient talent management, cost reduction, and enhanced sustainability.
Evolutionary Characteristics of Industrial Parks from a Carbon Neutrality Perspective
Authors: Sun Yuheng , Zhang Shaokang , Li Yuanhang , Ning Jun , Liu Fangtao , Feng Zhengyuan , Fu Hang
Published: July 2024

Industrial park (IP) development has passed through many stages, and the development evolution pathways of IPs have different characteristics according to different perspectives. Understanding the evolutionary characteristics of IPs will assist us in understanding their essential developmental trajectories. Achieving carbon neutrality in IPs is important for combating climate change. In order to reveal the evolutionary characteristics of IPs from a carbon neutrality perspective, this study examines the Kalundborg eco-industrial park by dividing its development into three stages. We also quantitatively analyze this evolution based on enterprise connectance and enterprise repetitive connectance. We then analyze the evolutionary characteristics at the national level by using China and South Korea as examples. The results showed that the development trajectories of IPs had spontaneous and conscious characteristics. Compared with the spontaneous stage, enterprise connectance and enterprise repetitive connectance were obviously higher during the conscious stage. This article contributes to our understanding of the nature of IP development from a carbon neutrality perspective.
Mechanisms of Degradation of Collagen or Gelatin Materials (Hemostatic Sponges) in Oral Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Catarino Maria , Castro Filipe , Macedo José Paulo , Lopes Otília , Pereira Jorge , Lopes Pedro , Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira
Published: July 2024

Objective: The goal of this systematic review was to identify the mechanisms associated with the enzymatic degradation of collagen and gelatin biomaterials and the possible associated flaws. Methods: Four databases (PubMed, B-On, Cochrane Library, and ResearchGate) were used for the bibliographic search of articles. The research question was formulated using the PCC method, (P): collagen or gelatin sponges, hydrogels, and scaffolds; concept (C): enzymatic degradation of collagen or gelatin sponges, hydrogels, and scaffolds; and context (C): effect of enzymatic action on degradation time of collagen or gelatin sponges, hydrogels, and scaffolds. The search was contextualized according to PRISMA recommendations. The identification and exclusion of evidence followed the PRISMA criteria, with specific inclusion and exclusion factors being stipulated for the selection of articles. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the QUIN Scale. Results: The initial search was composed of 13,830 articles after removing duplicates; 56 articles followed for the full-text reading; 45 were excluded; then, 11 articles were obtained, constituting the results of this systematic review. All studies evaluated the materials using gravimetric analysis, and collagenases were the proteases used for the degradation solution. The materials tested were as follows: human-like collagen (HLC) hydrogel with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), gelatin sponges subjected to different types of crosslinking, and collagen scaffolds with different types of crosslinking. The period of analysis varied between 0.25 h and 35 days. It was possible to highlight the lack of uniformity in the protocols used, which varied largely, thus influencing the degradation times. The risk of bias was low in nine studies and medium in two studies. Conclusions: This systematic review identified a gap in the literature, highlighting the absence of in vitro studies using human saliva and a collagenase concentration close to the physiological levels to simulate oral dynamics. However, based on existing literature, the mechanisms associated with collagen enzymatic degradation in collagen and gelatin biomaterials were comprehensively understood, answering the first research question postulated. In response to the second research question, the main shortcomings identified in the laboratory evaluation of mechanisms associated with collagen enzymatic degradation in collagen and gelatin biomaterials included the lack of standardization in degradation test protocols; this limited inter-study comparisons, which increased heterogeneity. Additionally, variations in collagenase concentrations and types influenced collagen degradation rates, and inappropriate evaluation intervals hindered the identification of total degradation time.
Collagen 1 Fiber Volume Predicts for Recurrence of Stage 1 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kakkad Samata , Krishnamachary Balaji , Fackche Nadege , Garner Matthew , Brock Malcom , Huang Peng , Bhujwalla Zaver M.
Published: July 2024

Background: The standard of care for stage 1 NSCLC is upfront surgery followed by surveillance. However, 20–30% of stage 1 NSCLC recur. There is an unmet need to identify individuals likely to recur who would benefit from frequent monitoring and aggressive cancer treatments. Collagen 1 (Col1) fibers detected by second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy are a major structural component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tumors that play a role in cancer progression. Method: We characterized Col1 fibers with SHG microscopy imaging of surgically resected stage 1 NSCLC. Gene expression from RNA sequencing data was used to validate the SHG microscopy findings. Results: We identified a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the Col1 fiber volume in stage 1 NSCLC that recurred. The increase in Col1 fiber volume was supported by significant increases in the gene expression of Col1 in invasive, compared to noninvasive, lung adenocarcinoma. Significant differences were identified in the gene expression of other ECM proteins, as well as CAFs, immune checkpoint markers, immune cytokines, and T-cell markers. Conclusion: Col1 fiber analysis can provide a companion diagnostic test to evaluate the likelihood of tumor recurrence following stage 1 NSCLC. The studies expand our understanding of the role of the ECM in NSCLC recurrence.
Hyperpolarized Water for Coronary Artery Angiography and Whole-Heart Myocardial Perfusion Quantification
Authors: Zhao Yupeng , Lerche Mathilde Hauge , Karlsson Magnus , Olin Rie Beck , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Aastrup Malene , Redda Mohsen , Laustsen Christoffer , Hanson Lars G. , Ardenkjær-Larsen Jan Henrik
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Water freely diffuses across cell membranes, making it suitable for measuring absolute tissue perfusion. In this study, we introduce an imaging method for conducting coronary artery angiography and quantifying myocardial perfusion across the entire heart using hyperpolarized water. Methods: 1H was hyperpolarized using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) with UV-generated radicals. Submillimeter resolution coronary artery images were acquired as 2D projections using a spoiled GRE (SPGRE) sequence gated on diastole. Dynamic perfusion images were obtained with a multi-slice SPGRE with diastole gating, covering the entire heart. Perfusion values were analyzed through histograms, and the most frequent estimated perfusion value (the mode of the distribution), was compared with the average values for 15O water PET from the literature. Results: A liquid state polarization of 10% at the time of the injection and a 30 s T1 in D2O TRIS buffer were measured. Both coronary artery and dynamic perfusion images exhibited good quality. The main and small coronary artery branches were well resolved. The most frequent estimated perfusion value is around 0.6 mL/g/min, which is lower than the average values obtained from the literature for 15O-water PET (around 1.1 and 1.5 mL/g/min). Conclusions: The study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of achieving high-resolution, motion-free coronary artery angiography and 3D whole-heart quantitative myocardial perfusion using hyperpolarized water.
Ocular Surface Fluid: More than a Matrix
Authors: Šoša Ivan
Published: July 2024

Although the eye can be subjected to therapeutic manipulation, some of its structures are highly inaccessible. Thus, conventional therapeutic administration pathways, such as topical or systemic routes, usually show significant limitations in the form of low ocular penetration or the appearance of side effects linked to physiology, among others. The critical feature of many xenobiotics is the drug gradient from the concentrated tear reservoir to the relatively barren corneal and conjunctival epithelia, which forces a passive route of absorption. The same is true in the opposite direction, towards the ocular surface (OS). With the premise that tears can be regarded as equivalent to or a substitute for plasma, researchers may determine drug concentrations in the OS fluid. Within this framework, a survey of scholarly sources on the topic was conducted. It provided an overview of current knowledge, allowing the identification of relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research that can be employed in subsequent research. OS fluid (tears particularly) has enormous potential as a source of biological material for external drug screening and as a biomarker of various systemic diseases. Given the numerous alternate matrices, knowledge of their properties is very important in selecting the most appropriate specimens in toxicological analyses.
The Impact of Smoking on Long-Term Protection Following Hepatitis B Vaccination: A 24-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Fonzo Marco , Palmisano Andrea , Trevisan Andrea , Bertoncello Chiara
Published: July 2024

The hepatitis B vaccination-induced immune response has been demonstrated to be associated with a number of factors, including age, sex, BMI, and the presence of comorbidities. Additionally, modifiable determinants such as smoking have been identified as influencing the response to vaccination. However, despite the evidence that smokers are at an increased risk of not responding to vaccination, the long-term effects of smoking on antibody persistence remain poorly understood. This study aims to assess the impact of smoking habits on long-term immunity following the primary vaccination cycle. Participants were required to have received a standard three-dose vaccine schedule in childhood, without subsequent doses, and to be between 18 and 24 years of age. Data on age, sex, BMI, age of administration of the first vaccine dose, and time between doses were collected. An antibody concentration < 10 IU/L was considered as non-protective. A total of 2133 individuals were included, 14.2% of whom were smokers. The mean age was 20.28 ± 0.92 years. The probability of having a non-protective antibody concentration was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers (AOR: 1.287; 95% CI: 1.002–1.652). The detrimental effects of smoking extend beyond the immediate effects on the vaccine response, also impairing the long-term immune response in individuals who received vaccinations during childhood.
Clinical Spectrum of Long COVID: Effects on Female Reproductive Health
Authors: Maham Syeda , Yoon Mee-Sup
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has presented numerous health challenges, including long-term COVID, which affects female reproductive health. This review consolidates the current research on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the menstrual cycle, ovarian function, fertility, and overall gynecological health. This study emphasizes the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors in viral entry and the subsequent tissue-specific pathological effects. It also explores the potential influence of long COVID on hormonal balance and immune responses, contributing to menstrual irregularities and impaired ovarian function. The findings indicate a higher prevalence of long-term COVID-19 among women, highlighting the substantial implications for reproductive health and the need for sex-sensitive longitudinal studies. Enhanced surveillance and targeted research are essential to develop effective interventions that prioritize women’s reproductive well-being following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review advocates for a sex-informed approach to ongoing COVID-19 research and healthcare strategies, aiming to provide up-to-date and pertinent data for healthcare providers and the general public, ultimately improving outcomes for females affected by long COVID.
Insights into SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance among Prison Populations in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in 2022
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Liliane , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Fonseca Vagner , Frias Diego , Umaki Zardin Marina Castilhos Souza , de Castro Lichs Gislene Garcia , Esposito Ana Olivia Pascoto , Xavier Joilson , Fritsch Hegger , Lima Mauricio , de Oliveira Carla , Castilho de Arruda Larissa Domingues , Maziero Livia de Mello Almeida , Rodrigues Barretos Ellen Caroline , Tsuha Oshiro Paulo Eduardo , Gimenes Mendes Menezes Evellyn Fernanda , de Freitas Cardoso Lucélia , Ferreira Lemos Everton , Lourenço José , de Albuquerque Carlos F. C. , do Carmo Said Rodrigo Fabiano , Rosewell Alexander , Ferraz Demarchi Luiz Henrique , Croda Julio , Giovanetti Marta , Maymone Gonçalves Crhistinne Cavalheiro
Published: July 2024

This study examines the epidemiological and genomic characteristics, along with the transmission dynamics, of SARS-CoV-2 within prison units I and II in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Conducted between May and October 2022, it reveals how the virus spreads in the confined settings of prisons, emphasizing the roles of overcrowded cells, frequent transfers, and limited healthcare access. The research involved 1927 participants (83.93% of the total prison population) and utilized nasopharyngeal swabs and RT-qPCR testing for detection. Contact tracing monitored exposure within cells. Out of 2108 samples, 66 positive cases were identified (3.13%), mostly asymptomatic (77.27%), with the majority aged 21–29 and varying vaccination statuses. Next-generation sequencing generated 28 whole genome sequences, identifying the Omicron variant (subtypes BA.2 and BA.5) with 99% average coverage. Additionally, the study seeks to determine the relationship between immunization levels and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 cases within this enclosed population. The findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive control strategies in prisons, including rigorous screening, isolation protocols, vaccination, epidemiological monitoring, and genomic surveillance to mitigate disease transmission and protect both the incarcerated population and the broader community.
Safety and Efficacy of Antiviral Drugs and Vaccines in Pregnant Women: Insights from Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Integration of Viral Infection Dynamics
Authors: Costa Bárbara , Gouveia Maria João , Vale Nuno
Published: July 2024

Addressing the complexities of managing viral infections during pregnancy is essential for informed medical decision-making. This comprehensive review delves into the management of key viral infections impacting pregnant women, namely Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus/Hepatitis C Virus (HBV/HCV), Influenza, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). We evaluate the safety and efficacy profiles of antiviral treatments for each infection, while also exploring innovative avenues such as gene vaccines and their potential in mitigating viral threats during pregnancy. Additionally, the review examines strategies to overcome challenges, encompassing prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine research, regulatory considerations, and safety protocols. Utilizing advanced methodologies, including PBPK modeling, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and causal inference, we can amplify our comprehension and decision-making capabilities in this intricate domain. This narrative review aims to shed light on diverse approaches and ongoing advancements, this review aims to foster progress in antiviral therapy for pregnant women, improving maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Using Equivalent Circuit Model
Authors: Kaliaperumal Muthukrishnan , Chidambaram Ramesh Kumar
Published: July 2024

The design of an efficient thermal management system for a lithium-ion battery pack hinges on a deep understanding of the cells’ thermal behavior. This understanding can be gained through theoretical or experimental methods. While the theoretical study of the cells using electrochemical and numerical methods requires expensive computing facilities and time, the Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) offers a more direct approach. However, upfront experimental cell characterization is needed to determine the ECM parameters. In this study, the behavior of a cell is characterized experimentally, and the results are used to build a second-order equivalent electrical circuit model of the cell. This model is then integrated with the cooling system of the battery pack for effective thermal management. The Equivalent Circuit Model estimates the internal heat generation inside the cell using instantaneous load current, terminal voltage, and temperature data. By extrapolating the heat generation data of a single cell, we can determine the heat generation of the cells in the pack. With the implementation of the ECM in the cooling system, the coolant flow rate can be adjusted to ensure the attainment of a safe operating cell temperature. Our study confirms that 14% of pumping power can be reduced when compared to the conventional constant flow rate cooling system, while still maintaining the temperature of the cells within safe limits.
Studies on Improving Seals for Enhancing the Vibration and Environmental Safety of Rotary Machines
Authors: Yuan Zhifei , Shevchenko Serhii , Radchenko Mykola , Shevchenko Oleksandr , Pavlenko Anatoliy , Radchenko Andrii , Radchenko Roman
Published: July 2024

There is a constant demand for higher equipment parameters, such as the pressure of a sealing medium and shaft rotation speed. However, as the parameters increase, it becomes more difficult to ensure hermetization efficiency. The rotor of a multi-stage machine rotates in non-contact seals. Seals’ parameters have a great influence on vibration characteristics. Non-contact seals are considered to be hydrostatodynamic supports that can effectively dampen rotor oscillations. The force coefficients of gap seals are determined by geometric and operational parameters. A purposeful choice of these parameters can influence the vibration state of the rotor. It is shown for the first time that the initially dynamically flexible rotor, in combination with properly designed seals, can become dynamically rigid. Analytical dependencies for the computation of the dynamic characteristics are obtained. The resulting equations make it possible to calculate the radial-angular vibrations of the rotor of a centrifugal machine in the seals and construct the amplitude–frequency characteristics. By purposefully changing the parameters of non-contact seals, an initially flexible rotor can be made rigid, and its vibration resistance increases. Due to this, the environmental safety of critical pumping equipment increases.
Limnological Characteristics and Relationships with Primary Productivity in Two High Andean Hydroelectric Reservoirs in Ecuador
Authors: Sotomayor Gonzalo , Alvarado Andrés , Romero Jorge , López Carlos , Aguilar Marta , Forio Marie Anne Eurie , Goethals Peter L. M.
Published: July 2024

Studies on limnology are essential to reservoir management; nevertheless, few are known about the limnological features of the Andean reservoirs in Ecuador. To overcome this limitation in the information, from December 2018 to December 2019, the limnological characteristics of El Labrado and Chanlud reservoirs in the Machángara river basin (Ecuador south) were examined. Using the light/dark bottles technique, the primary productivity (PP) of phytoplankton was studied in conjunction with (1) vertical profiles of oxygen concentrations, water temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus, alkalinity, and heterotrophic bacteria; (2) Secchi disk transparency; and (3) meteorological factors such as wind force, precipitation, and water level. Data indicate that both reservoirs are polymictic, with alkaline waters, low nutrients, and low PP rates. Despite this, a principal component analysis revealed that Chanlud exhibits higher nitrogen, alkalinity, heterotrophic bacteria, and PP values. In two approaches through multiple linear regression analysis, each per reservoir, the PP was explained mainly by water temperature, depth, light, heterotrophic bacteria, and meteorological parameters. The low concentrations of nutrients and the low residency time explain the low PP values. Likewise, the altitudinal factor (i.e., both reservoirs are 3400 m above sea level) and the low human perturbations in surrounding reservoir zones play a crucial role in explaining their poor PP. Notwithstanding the low metabolic rates, clear seasonal trends were observed in both reservoirs; the lowest PP rates occurred during the cold season. To our knowledge, this is the first limnological study of high Andean reservoirs in Ecuador. These findings should be part of Andean reservoir management protocols, contributing significantly to local conservation efforts. Additionally, they could be extrapolated as a frame of reference to similar eco-hydrological systems.
Youth Community Organizing Groups Fostering Sociopolitical Wellbeing: Three Healing-Oriented Values to Support Activism
Authors: Fernández Jesica Siham , Govan Rashida H. , Kirshner Ben , Tivaringe Tafadzwa , Watts Roderick
Published: July 2024

Young organizers are increasingly calling for social movements to center healing alongside activism as they build political power. Campaigns that solely focus on policy wins or base-building can lead to burnout and frustration. Sociopolitical action is more likely to be sustained if accompanied by experiences of care, belonging, and mutual support. Such an approach makes sociopolitical wellbeing central to organizing. Although the research literature has offered conceptualizations of healing, and compelling evidence of health-related outcomes, we still lack empirical examples of what it looks like for youth community organizing (YCO) groups to weave a commitment to healing into sustained collective action. Drawing on qualitative data from the Powerful Youth, Powerful Communities International Study on Youth Organizing, we define and demonstrate three interconnected healing-oriented values that foster what we characterize as sociopolitical wellbeing. The three values, which we illustrate via fieldnotes and interview excerpts, are collectivized care, spiritual activism, and freedom dreaming. YCO holds promising implications for supporting youth engagement in democratic movements for education, racial, gender, economic, and environmental justice.
Conflictos territoriales y etnogénesis en el Chaco santiagueño
Authors: Suárez Mauricio Aníbal , Bonetti Carlos Alberto , Sosa Silvia
Published: July 2024

En este artículo reflexionamos sobre los conflictos territoriales y el proceso de etnogénesis por los que atraviesa una población rural de Santiago del Estero. A partir de un trabajo colaborativo con la comunidad Yaku Muchuna, perteneciente al pueblo Tonokoté, nos proponemos interpretar el proceso de autorreconocimiento indígena, que implicó una reconfiguración de la campesinidad con base en un trabajo de memoria y resignificación de automarcaciones de aboriginalidad. Nuestra principal fuente resulta de un informe socioantropológico trabajado conjuntamente para respaldar el uso histórico del territorio de la comunidad a través del armado de genealogías familiares y una cartografía social, en complemento con entrevistas y trabajo de archivo. Concluimos que la reetnización, más allá de presentarse como una estrategia para defender el territorio, pone a jugar memorias al igual que usos y apropiaciones locales del espacio reivindicadas como argumento de su indianidad.
Primera aplicación del protocolo para la contextualización de restos humanos institucionalizados en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de La Plata (Argentina)
Authors: Del Papa Mariano , Crespo Cristian , Dejean Cristina , Plischuk Marcos
Published: July 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer los resultados de un estudio sobre restos óseos humanos donde se aplicó por primera vez el protocolo desarrollado en 2007 por la División Antropología de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de la Universidad de La Plata. Dicho protocolo está dirigido a la generación de información que permita aportar elementos para la contextualización de los restos humanos de procedencia desconocida y su posterior ingreso como acervo de la División Antropología. A través de un abordaje multidisciplinario se pudo conocer que estos restos corresponden a un individuo asignado al grupo etario adulto mayor, de sexo femenino, sobre el que se registraron rasgos de lesiones asociados a la cavidad oral y degeneraciones articulares. Por otro lado, se identificó su linaje materno correspondiente al subclado D1g, y un análisis radiocarbónico realizado sobre estos restos permitió obtener un fechado de 2420 14C años AP. Este protocolo demuestra la posibilidad de contextualizar restos de procedencia desconocida para incorporarlos al acervo del museo.