bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of epithelial cell and tissue shape to external forces in vivo
Authors: Balaji Ramya , Weichselberger Vanessa , Classen Anne-Kathrin
Published: August 2019

How actomyosin generates forces at epithelial adherens junctions has been extensively studied. However, less is known about how a balance between internal and external forces establishes epithelial cell, tissue and organ shape. We use the Drosophila egg chamber to investigate how contractility at adherens junction in the follicle epithelium is modulated to accommodate and resist forces arising from the growing germline. We find that between stages 6 and 9 adherens junction tension in the post-mitotic epithelium decreases, suggesting that the junctional network relaxes to accommodate germline growth. At that time, a prominent medial Myosin II network coupled to corrugating adherens junctions develops. Local enrichment of medial Myosin II in main body follicle cells resists germline-derived forces, thus constraining apical areas and consequently cuboidal cell shapes at stage 9. At the tissue and organ level, local reinforcement of medial-junctional architecture ensures the timely contact of main body cells with the expanding oocyte and imposes circumferential constraints on the germline guiding egg elongation. Our study provides insight into how adherens junction tension promotes cell and tissue shape transitions while integrating growth and shape of an internally enclosed structure in vivo.
Robust Wnt signaling is maintained by a Wg protein gradient and Fz2 receptor activity in the developing Drosophila wing
Authors: Chaudhary Varun , Hingole Swapnil , Frei Jana , Port Fillip , Strutt David , Boutros Michael
Published: August 2019

Wnts are secreted proteins that regulate cell fate during development of all metazoans. Wnt proteins were proposed to spread over several cells to activate signaling directly at a distance. In the Drosophila wing epithelium, an extracellular gradient of the Wnt1 homolog Wingless (Wg) was observed extending over several cells away from producing cells. Surprisingly, however, it was also shown that a membrane-tethered Neurotactin-Wg fusion protein (NRT-Wg) can largely replace endogenous Wg, leading to proper patterning of the wing. Therefore, the functional range of Wg and whether Wg spreading is required for correct tissue patterning remains controversial. Here, by capturing secreted Wg on cells away from the source, we show that Wg acts over a distance of up to 11 cell diameters to induce signaling. Furthermore, cells located outside the reach of extracellular Wg depend on the Frizzled2 receptor to maintain signaling. Frizzled2 expression is increased in the absence of Wg secretion and is required to maintain signaling and cell survival in NRT-wg wing discs. Together, these results provide insight into the mechanisms by which robust Wnt signaling is achieved in proliferating tissues.
WNT/β-CATENIN modulates the axial identity of ES derived human neural crest
Authors: Gomez Gustavo A. , Prasad Maneeshi S. , Wong Man , Charney Rebekah M. , Shelar Patrick B. , Sandhu Nabjot , Hackland James O. S. , Hernandez Jacqueline C. , Leung Alan W. , García-Castro Martín I.
Published: August 2019

WNT/β-CATENIN signaling is critical for neural crest (NC) formation, yet magnitude effects of the signal remain ill-defined. Using a robust model of human NC formation based on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we expose that the WNT signal modulates the axial identity of NCs in a dose dependent manner, with low WNT leading to anterior OTX+, HOX- NC, and high WNT leading to posterior OTX-, HOX+ NC. Differentiation tests of posterior NC confirm expected derivatives including posterior specific adrenal derivatives, and display partial capacity to generate anterior ectomesenchymal derivatives. Furthermore, unlike anterior NC, posterior NC exhibit a transient TBXT+/SOX2+ neuromesodermal precursor-like intermediate. Finally, we analyze the contributions of other signaling pathways in posterior NC formation, which suggest a critical role for FGF in survival/proliferation, and a requirement of BMP for NC maturation. As expected Retinoic Acid (RA) and FGF are able to modulate HOX expression in the posterior NC. Surprisingly, early RA supplementation prohibits NC formation. This work reveals for the first time that the amplitude of WNT signaling can modulate the axial identity of NC cells in humans.
Beyond power amplification: latch-mediated spring actuation is an emerging framework for the study of diverse elastic systems
Authors: Longo S. J. , Cox S. M. , Azizi E. , Ilton M. , Olberding J. P. , St Pierre R. , Patek S. N.
Published: August 2019

Rapid biological movements, such as the extraordinary strikes of mantis shrimp and accelerations of jumping insects, have captivated generations of scientists and engineers. These organisms store energy in elastic structures (e.g. springs) and then rapidly release it using latches, such that movement is driven by the rapid conversion of stored elastic to kinetic energy using springs, with the dynamics of this conversion mediated by latches. Initially drawn to these systems by an interest in the muscle power limits of small jumping insects, biologists established the idea of power amplification, which refers both to a measurement technique and to a conceptual framework defined by the mechanical power output of a system exceeding muscle limits. However, the field of fast elastically driven movements has expanded to encompass diverse biological and synthetic systems that do not have muscles – such as the surface tension catapults of fungal spores and launches of plant seeds. Furthermore, while latches have been recognized as an essential part of many elastic systems, their role in mediating the storage and release of elastic energy from the spring is only now being elucidated. Here, we critically examine the metrics and concepts of power amplification and encourage a framework centered on latch-mediated spring actuation (LaMSA). We emphasize approaches and metrics of LaMSA systems that will forge a pathway toward a principled, interdisciplinary field.
Adhesive latching and legless leaping in small, worm-like insect larvae
Authors: Farley G. M. , Wise M. J. , Harrison J. S. , Sutton G. P. , Kuo C. , Patek S. N.
Published: August 2019

Jumping is often achieved using propulsive legs, yet legless leaping has evolved multiple times. We examined the kinematics, energetics and morphology of long-distance jumps produced by the legless larvae of gall midges (Asphondylia sp.). They store elastic energy by forming their body into a loop and pressurizing part of their body to form a transient ‘leg’. They prevent movement during elastic loading by placing two regions covered with microstructures against each other, which likely serve as a newly described adhesive latch. Once the latch releases, the transient ‘leg’ launches the body into the air. Their average takeoff speeds (mean: 0.85 m s−1; range: 0.39–1.27 m s−1) and horizontal travel distances (up to 36 times body length or 121 mm) rival those of legged insect jumpers and their mass-specific power density (mean: 910 W kg−1; range: 150–2420 W kg−1) indicates the use of elastic energy storage to launch the jump. Based on the forces reported for other microscale adhesive structures, the adhesive latching surfaces are sufficient to oppose the loading forces prior to jumping. Energetic comparisons of insect larval crawling versus jumping indicate that these jumps are orders of magnitude more efficient than would be possible if the animals had crawled an equivalent distance. These discoveries integrate three vibrant areas in engineering and biology – soft robotics, small, high-acceleration systems, and adhesive systems – and point toward a rich, and as-yet untapped area of biological diversity of worm-like, small, legless jumpers.

A corrected version of the article PDF is available in the supplementary material.
Color discrimination thresholds in a cichlid fish: Metriaclima benetos
Authors: Escobar-Camacho Daniel , Taylor Michaela A. , Cheney Karen L. , Green Naomi F. , Marshall N. Justin , Carleton Karen L.
Published: August 2019

Color vision is essential for animals as it allows them to detect, recognize and discriminate between colored objects. Studies analyzing color vision require an integrative approach, combining behavioral experiments, physiological models and quantitative analyses of photoreceptor stimulation. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, the limits of chromatic discrimination in Metriaclima benetos, a rock-dwelling cichlid from Lake Malawi, using behavioral experiments and visual modeling. Fish were trained to discriminate between colored stimuli. Color discrimination thresholds were quantified by testing fish chromatic discrimination between the rewarded stimulus and distracter stimuli that varied in chromatic distance (ΔS). This was done under fluorescent lights alone and with additional violet lights. Our results provide two main outcomes. First, cichlid color discrimination thresholds correspond with predictions from the receptor noise limited (RNL) model but only if we assume a Weber fraction higher than the typical value of 5%. Second, cichlids may exhibit limited color constancy under certain lighting conditions as most individuals failed to discriminate colors when violet light was added. We further used the color discrimination thresholds obtained from these experiments to model color discrimination of actual fish-colors and backgrounds under natural lighting for Lake Malawi. We find that for M. benetos, blue is most chromatically contrasting against yellows and space-light, which might be important for discriminating male nuptial colorations and detecting males against the background. This study highlights the importance of lab-based behavioral experiments in understanding color vision and in parameterizing the assumptions of the RNL vision model for different species.
Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies new regulators of glycoprotein secretion
Authors: Popa Stephanie , Villeneuve Julien , Stewart Sarah , Perez Garcia Esther , Petrunkina Harrison Anna , Moreau Kevin
Published: August 2019

Background: The fundamental process of protein secretion from eukaryotic cells has been well described for many years, yet gaps in our understanding of how this process is regulated remain.

Methods: With the aim of identifying novel genes involved in the secretion of glycoproteins, we used a screening pipeline consisting of a pooled genome-wide CRISPR screen, followed by secondary siRNA screening of the hits to identify and validate several novel regulators of protein secretion.

Results: We present approximately 50 novel genes not previously associated with protein secretion, many of which also had an effect on the structure of the Golgi apparatus. We further studied a small selection of hits to investigate their subcellular localisation. One of these, GPR161, is a novel Golgi-resident protein that we propose maintains Golgi structure via an interaction with golgin A5.

Conclusions: This study has identified new factors for protein secretion involved in Golgi homeostasis.
Illocutionary Force of Questions in Hymn of “Rigveda” bravavrttam
Authors: Воронкина М. , Voronkina M.
Published: August 2019

The topicality of the appeal to the language material of the “Rigveda” is conditioned by its significance for the study of the role of the archaic ritual in the formation of human communication. The point of issue of the paper is the questions contained in the cosmogonic hymn of the «Rigveda» bravavrttam where they are left unanswered. The work aims to throw light onto the illocutionary force of these questions against the background of a communicative in nature Vedic ritual practice. To achieve this aim the author deals not only with the meaning content of the hymn but also its pragmatics, the part it plays in the ritual communication as well as involved cognitive mechanism and traits of its phonetic, musical and poetic form. The research makes it possible to verify our ideas on the nature of the Vedic ritual and enhances the understanding of its texts. The work shows impossibility of an adequate interpretation of the Vedic text elements regardless to the pragmatics and communicative intents of the ritual speech. The main result of the research is the assumption of presumed by the Vedic mindset a divine verbal contribution to the magic practice of the ritual cosmogony.
General physiotherapy
Authors: Кулишова Тамара , Kulishova Tamara , Табашникова Наталья , Tabashnikova Natal'ya , Каркавина Анна , Karkavina Anna
Published: August 2019

The training manual presents materials on the sections of general physiotherapy. Includes the content of classes, tables with information on each method, situational tasks, tests. It aims to help students in preparation for the lesson, to focus on the main issues of the subject.
For doctors who are trained in the specialty "Physiotherapy", as well as for doctors of other specialties in order to form complexes for the treatment of various diseases.
A Scientific Approach to Entrepreneurial Decision Making: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Camuffo Arnaldo , Cordova Alessandro , Gambardella Alfonso , Spina Chiara
Published: August 2019

A classical approach to collecting and elaborating information to make entrepreneurial decisions combines search heuristics, such as trial and error, effectuation, and confirmatory search. This paper develops a framework for exploring the implications of a more scientific approach to entrepreneurial decision making. The panel sample of our randomized control trial includes 116 Italian startups and 16 data points over a period of about one year. Both the treatment and control groups receive 10 sessions of general training on how to obtain feedback from the market and gauge the feasibility of their idea. We teach the treated startups to develop frameworks for predicting the performance of their idea and conduct rigorous tests of their hypotheses, very much as scientists do in their research. We let the firms in the control group instead follow their intuitions about how to assess their idea, which has typically produced fairly standard search heuristics. We find that entrepreneurs who behave like scientists perform better, are more likely to pivot to a different idea, and are not more likely to drop out than the control group in the early stages of the startup. These results are consistent with the main prediction of our theory: a scientific approach improves precision—it reduces the odds of pursuing projects with false positive returns and increases the odds of pursuing projects with false negative returns.

This paper was accepted by Marie Thursby, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Randomized Dimension Reduction for Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Kahalé Nabil
Published: August 2019

We present a new unbiased algorithm that estimates the expected value of f(U) via Monte Carlo simulation, where U is a vector of d independent random variables, and f is a function of d variables. We assume that f does not equally depend on all its arguments. Under certain conditions, we prove that, for the same computational cost, the variance of our estimator is lower than the variance of the standard Monte Carlo estimator by a factor of order d. Our method can be used to obtain a low-variance unbiased estimator for the expectation of a function of the state of a Markov chain at a given time step. We study applications to volatility forecasting and time-varying queues. Numerical experiments show that our algorithm dramatically improves on the standard Monte Carlo method for large values of d and is highly resilient to discontinuities.

This paper was accepted by Baris Ata, stochastic models and simulation.
Erratum: Daily consumption of growing-up milk is associated with less stunting among Indonesian toddlers
Authors: Sjarif Damayanti Rusli , Yuliarti Klara , Iskandar William Jayadi
Published: August 2019

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.13181/mji.v28i1.2607]
“Hel Mother”: como um canal do YouTube pode agendar a mídia sobre questões relativas à maternidade
Authors: Schneider Raquel
Published: August 2019

As novas tecnologias vêm transformando o cenário da comunicação e a forma como fluem as informações entre os diferentes atores sociais – entre eles, a mídia. Este trabalho reflete sobre estas modificações a partir da hipótese da agenda-setting (agendamento). O estudo apresenta como o canal “Hel Mother”, do portal YouTube, conseguiu conquistar espaço de divulgação na mídia tradicional e agendar o tema da maternidade a partir de um levantamento realizado sobre os dois primeiros anos de existência do canal.
Sixty years of advanced imaging at the French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis: from the Cranz-Schardin camera to computational optics
Authors: Christnacher Frank , Laurenzis Martin , Lutz Yves , Matwyschuk Alexis
Published: August 2019

In 2019, the French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis (ISL) is celebrating its 60th anniversary. Since the beginning, advanced imaging technologies were one of the institute’s flagship areas of research and, from the Cranz-Schardin camera to computational optics, ISL never stopped innovating. Each technological innovation is a testimony to its time, and the research works in visionics make no exception to this rule. Each decade was marked by innovations that made it possible to develop means of vision or visualization, which ensure that our institute remains at the forefront of the research in this field. High-speed cameras, holography, lasers, or active imaging systems developed at ISL are examples of this. The science of photon, photonics, still has a bright future ahead, and there is no doubt that the latest discoveries and technological advances in this field will be applied to systems that will allow our armed forces to maintain their technological superiority and our soldiers to carry out their missions with greater security.
L1 transfer, proficiency, and the recognition of L2 verb-noun collocations: A perspective from three languages
Authors: Lee Senyung
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the effect of first language (L1) transfer in the recognition of second language (L2) collocations and unacceptable word combinations across low-intermediate to advanced learners of English, and the relationship between proficiency and the recognition of L2 collocations. The study targeted learners from two different L1 backgrounds and native speakers of English in order to disentangle the effect of L1 transfer from the effect of intralingual factors. Four types of English verb-noun combinations were included: English-Korean-Mandarin, English-only, Korean-only, and Mandarin-only phrases. A phrase acceptability judgment task and a phrase recognition report were used. The performances of 92 participants were analyzed using mixed effects modeling. The results from both Korean and Mandarin groups revealed no L1 influence in the recognition of unacceptable L2 word combinations, even at low levels of proficiency. The results also showed that L2 proficiency predicts learners’ ability to rule out grammatical-but-unacceptable L2 word combinations, but not the ability to recognize L2 collocations
Biomarker Response to a Competitive Season in Division I Female Soccer Players
Authors: Walker Alan J. , McFadden Bridget A. , Sanders David J. , Rabideau Meaghan M. , Hofacker Morgan L. , Arent Shawn M.
Published: August 2019

Walker, AJ, McFadden, BA, Sanders, DJ, Rabideau, MM, Hofacker, ML, and Arent, SM. Biomarker response to a competitive season in Division I female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2622–2628, 2019—The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of training load (TL) on performance and biomarkers of health, performance, and recovery in Division I female soccer players throughout a competitive season. Subjects (N = 25, Mage = 20 ± 1.1 years) were monitored before the start of preseason and every 4-weeks thereafter (T1–T5). A battery of performance tests was administered before the start of preseason (P1) and end-of-season (P2), including body composition (percent body fat [%BF], fat free mass [FFM], and fat mass), vertical jump (VJ), and Vo
2max. Blood draws were conducted at every time point (T1–T5) to assess free and total cortisol (CORTF and CORTT), prolactin (PRL), T3, IL-6, creatine kinase (CK), sex-hormone binding globulin, omega-3 (n-3FA), vitamin-D (Vit-D), iron (Fe), hematocrit (HcT), ferritin (Fer), percent saturation (%Sat), and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Daily exercise energy expenditure (EEE) and TL were determined. There were significant declines in Vo
2max, VJ, weight, and %BF from P1–P2 (p < 0.05) with no significant differences in FFM. Training load and EEE significantly decreased from T1–T3 (p < 0.05). Significant increases were seen in CORTT, CORTF, PRL, T3, IL-6, CK, and TIBC throughout the season (p < 0.05). Significant decreases were seen in n-3FA, Fe, Fer, %Sat, and Hct throughout the season (p < 0.05). Female athletes experience significant physiological changes following high TL and EEE associated with preseason and appear to be further exacerbated by the cumulative effects of the season. Unique insights provided by biomarkers enable athletes and coaches to be cognizant of the physiological changes that are occurring throughout the season.
Position-Specific Body Composition Values in Female Collegiate Rugby Union Athletes
Authors: Harty Patrick S. , Zabriskie Hannah A. , Stecker Richard A. , Currier Bradley S. , Moon Jessica M. , Richmond Scott R. , Jagim Andrew R. , Kerksick Chad M.
Published: August 2019

Harty, PS, Zabriskie, HA, Stecker, RA, Currier, BS, Moon, JM, Richmond, SR, Jagim, AR, and Kerksick, CM. Position-specific body composition values in female collegiate rugby union athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3158–3163, 2021—Rugby union is a full-contact, intermittent team sport. Anthropometric characteristics of rugby union athletes have been shown to influence suitability for a given position and affect performance. However, little anthropometric data exist in female rugby union athletes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to report position-specific anthropometric, body composition, and bone density values in female collegiate rugby union athletes and to identify between-position differences in these variables. This investigation was a cross-sectional study involving 101 female collegiate rugby union athletes, categorized as forwards and backs as well as by position (props, hookers, locks, flankers, number 8 forwards, halfback, fly-half, centers, wings, and fullbacks). Anthropometric characteristics of all athletes were measured, and body composition was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Outcome variables included age, height, body mass, BMI, body fat percentage, fat mass (FM), FM index, fat-free mass (FFM), FFM index, lean soft tissue, bone mineral content, bone mineral area, and bone mineral density. Anthropometric and body composition differences between forwards and backs were identified via independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests, depending on normality of the variable. Between-position differences were assessed using one-way analysis of variances (ANOVAs) with Tukey post-hoc comparisons or Welch's ANOVA with Dunnett's T3 post-hoc test. Significant differences (p < 0.014) were identified between forwards and backs for every anthropometric variable, with forwards displaying greater height (167.7 ± 7.2 cm), body mass (81.5 ± 15.1 kg), and body fat percentage (28.2 ± 6.1%) relative to backs (164.5 ± 5.1 cm; 64.5 ± 7.7 kg; 21.9 ± 3.7%). Likewise, significant differences were identified for every anthropometric variable between several positions (p < 0.01). Significant (p < 0.05) interposition differences were identified within the subgroup of forwards, but not within the subgroup of backs. The present investigation is the first to report position-specific anthropometric and body composition data in female collegiate rugby union athletes. The results of this study can be used by rugby union coaches for recruiting and personnel decisions, to determine a player's suitability for a given position, and to further inform training and nutritional interventions in this population.
Exploring the Use of Mobile Athlete Self-report Measures in Elite Gaelic Games: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Duignan Ciara M. , Slevin Patrick J. , Caulfield Brian M. , Blake Catherine
Published: August 2019

Duignan, CM, Slevin, PJ, Caulfield, BM, and Blake, C. Exploring the use of mobile athlete self-report measures in elite Gaelic games: A qualitative approach. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3491–3499, 2021—Athlete self-report measures (ASRMs) are used in research and practice as an accurate, practical, and accessible method of athlete monitoring. Mobile adaptations of constructs from validated ASRM have increasingly been used for athlete monitoring in various sports settings; however, insights on the user experience and perceived value of these systems in the applied team sport setting have been limited. This study aimed to portray the experiences of stakeholders using a pre-existing mobile ASRM (M-ASRM) in elite Gaelic games. Twenty-one stakeholders in elite Gaelic games were recruited for this study (players n = 10, coaches and support staff n = 11). Subjects completed a semistructured interview with the lead researcher regarding their experience of using an M-ASRM in practice. Thematic analysis of the transcripts was conducted using NVivo 12 software. Results were defined under the themes of positive and negative user experience. Positive user experience was portrayed through M-ASRM uses and perceived value: communication and information disclosure, remote player monitoring, decision making and advanced planning, and player education and self-management. Negative user experience was portrayed through M-ASRM challenges: player adherence, player dishonesty, coach time and expertise requirements, and sociotechnical and system factors. Results outline the major uses of M-ASRM in elite Gaelic games and, importantly, highlight the key challenges experienced by stakeholders. These results can be applied by coaches, sports medicine professionals, and sports scientists using or intending to use an M-ASRM, providing key considerations to employ for effective use in team sport.
Experimental Transformation of Organic Matter by the Microbial Community from the Bottom Sediments of Akademichesky Ridge (Lake Baikal)
Authors: Pavlova O.N. , Bukin S.V. , Kostyreva Е.А. , Moskvin V.I. , Manakov А.Yu. , Morozov I.V. , Galachyants Yu.P. , Khabuev А.V. , Zemskaya Т.I.
Published: August 2019

—We discuss the results of a model experiment on cultivation of the microbial community from the area of the Khoboy mud volcano (Akademichesky Ridge) conducted under conditions typical of the hydrocarbon generation zone (80 °C, 5 MPa). The cultivation under conditions of biomass enrichment with the Baikal diatom Synedra acus changed the composition of organic matter. The transformation degree of organic matter in the sediment after the experiment was 16%, whereas the concentration of phenanthrenes relative to methyl-substituted homologues, including retene, decreased, and the concentration of dibenzothiophenes relative to normal alkanes increased. We have identified tri- and monoaromatic steroids, including 17-dismethyl, 23-methyl monoaromatic steroids C27. An increase in the concentration of tri- and monoaromatic steroids in the sediments after the experiment might indicate that the biomass of the Baikal diatom S. acus was destructed, which led to an increase in the steroid concentration. In the control (sterile) sediment, we detected no changes in the composition of organic matter. Representatives of various taxa capable of surviving in anaerobic thermophilic conditions have been identified in the microbial community by molecular genetic methods. Their presence in the surface sediments might be due to the inflow of deep-seated mineralized fluids and breccia from deep-seated sedimentary rocks.
Honneth: a família entre a justiça e o afeto
Authors: Spinelli Letícia Machado
Published: August 2019

No texto Between justice and affection: the family as field of moral disputes, Honneth oferece uma ampla discussão acerca das controvérsias normativas inerentes à família moderna. Tomando como referenciais de sua investigação Kant e Hegel, os quais defendem, respectivamente, a concepção de família a partir de um modelo de justiça e a partir de um modelo de afeto, Honneth procura demonstrar a necessidade de consolidação de tais modelos reflexivos como interdependentes e não excludentes, salvaguardando, contudo, a concepção embrionária da família a partir do afeto.
Da insustentabilidade do desenvolvimento: os discursos da produção de “vazios” no âmbito de um programa de cooperação internacional
Authors: Camana Ângela , Almeida Jalcione
Published: August 2019

Este texto tem como tema central os discursos sobre desenvolvimento que circundam o Programa de Cooperação Tripartida para o Desenvolvimento Agrícola da Savana Tropical em Moçambique – ProSavana, projeto de cooperação conjunta dos governos brasileiro, japonês e moçambicano. O objetivo é interpretar como a ideia de “vazio” é produzida e reforçada no material de divulgação oficial do programa, assim como em seu Plano Diretor. Subsidiariamente, algumas entrevistas com interlocutoreschave também foram utilizadas. A reflexão mobiliza o referencial teórico-metodológico da análise do discurso de matriz francesa em diálogo com perspectivas críticas do desenvolvimento. A análise aponta para (re)produção de uma ideia de que a savana moçambicana seria um “lugar vazio”, desabitado e à espera do desenvolvimento, a despeito dos sujeitos que lá estão e de suas formas próprias de existência no mundo. Ademais, ainda que o ProSavana não se pretenda formalmente um programa de “desenvolvimento sustentável”, é evidente o imperativo de mobilizá-lo como tal. No entanto, parece ser uma tentativa inócua, tendo em vista a repetição de práticas a despeito da inovação no discurso predominante que nada implica em sustentabilidade.
THE THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAMS FOR PHASE EQUILIBRIUM OF SYSTEMS ESSENTIAL OIL OF DILL – WATER AND DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT FOR COHOBATION COLUMN
Authors: Dimov Milen , Tasheva Stanislava , Dobreva Krasimira , Stoyanova Albena
Published: August 2019

The thermodynamic diagrams for the systems water essential oil from dill (fruits and leaves) were drawn. Equations were derived by which the vapor phase at certain liquid phase can be calculated for the essential oil-water systems mentioned above. Using the McCabe – Thiele graphic analytical method, the theoretical and actual number of trays for a cohobation column processing distillation waters from dill was calculated. The calculations were carried out for three concentrations of the dill distillation waters fed into the column – minimal, average and maximal. The height of the cohobation column for processing dill distillation waters was determined.
The use of why questions in child and adolescent mental health assessments
Authors: Kiyimba Nikki , Karim Khalid , O’Reilly Michelle
Published: August 2019

Questions form the basis of mental health assessments and yet there is limited empirical evidence about the linguistic structure of question formats in these clinical environments. While many types of questions are used, the focus of this research was on why-prefaced questions asked to children. Interaction analysis was employed to interrogate the data, paying specific attention to the interactional organisation of how ‘why-prefaced’ questions were asked and responded to. Analysis demonstrated that when three core components were present in the question, then it was usual for a reason/ explanation to be provided in response, and when one or more components were missing, it rarely elicited a reason or explanation in response. The three components were; the sequential position of the question, how the question was indexically tied to the child’s prior statement, and the epistemic domain of the question. Implications for therapeutic communication and training were discussed.
‘Happy birthday Grandpa’
Authors: Busch Gillian Roslyn
Published: August 2019

Video-supported technology is employed by many families to support familial relationships between grandchildren and grandparents. Employing an ethnomethodological and conversation analytic approach, this paper investigates the interactions of one family during a Skype session. The Skype call examined has special significance as the family members (mother and grandson) are calling to celebrate Grandpa’s birthday. Detailed examination of video-recorded intergenerational interactions shows how the interactions are managed. Analysis highlights the important role of the mother in managing the progression of the call and her child’s interaction with the grandfather. The interactional resources employed by the grandfather to initiate and sustain interaction with his grandson are examined. Also explicated is the interactional competence of a very young child in deploying interactional resources that orient to the affordances of technology. The findings contribute to understandings about how intergenerational interactions occur.
Moral order among members of a friendship group of preschool boys
Authors: Kemp Jacqueline , Kyratzis Amy
Published: August 2019

The making of assessment descriptions can be key processes in children’s negotiations of the social and moral orders of their peer groups. This paper examines how a friendship group of preschool boys followed through a year-long video-ethnography construct their local social and moral order, through use of a particular interactional resource, membership categorizations. A collection of clips of the boys’ use of membership categorizations was created and analysed. Overall, the boys frequently described their own (or pretend play characters’) behaviours as ‘fixing’ and ‘helping’, and reacted positively to these descriptions, by agreeing to do the actions, carrying out the actions and including group members so described in play. Likewise, if one of the peers’ behaviours was described as ‘destroying’, ‘smashing’ or a similarly aggressive action, the boys oriented to these named qualities as negative, through changing the play topic, moving away or sanctioning the person so described. We argue that the ways in which the boys use and respond to the referenced activities and index them as ‘positively’ or ‘negatively’ bound to the relationship category of being a good friend or peer group member determine what counts to the participants themselves as acceptable moral behaviour.
Ressignificação cultural nas brincadeiras de faz-de-conta de crianças de quatro a seis anos no município de Camaçari-Ba
Authors: Brandão Ilana Figueiredo , Bichara Ilka Dias , Barreto Mariana Leonesy da Silveira
Published: August 2019

As brincadeiras de faz-de-conta são definidas como rotinas culturais em que a criança pode manipular objetos de formas diferentes ou agir como pessoas da sociedade em que ela vive. Este estudo objetivou analisar os processos de ressignificação cultural em brincadeiras de faz-de-conta no município de Camaçari-Ba. Participaram 60 crianças, de quatro a seis anos, ambos os sexos, foram observadas em suas brincadeiras de faz-de-conta através de filmagem associada com registro cursivo em três instituições escolares, que atendem a população de baixa renda. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente a partir da teoria da Reprodução Interpretativa de William Corsaro. Os resultados indicam que as brincadeiras de faz-de-conta favorecem as crianças a trocaram muitas experiências sobre o modo de vida e conteúdos culturais midiáticos e estes foram reinventados e reinterpretados, o que indica que os brincantes selecionam e ressignificam, criando enredos novos e agindo como um agente produtor e inovador da cultura.
Violação de direitos de crianças e adolescentes: elementos para uma reflexão metodológica na pesquisa social
Authors: Campos Herculano Ricardo , Abreu Michelle Almeida , Paiva Marielly Oliveira
Published: August 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo problematizar alguns elementos de caráter epistemológico e metodológico na produção de conhecimento na pesquisa social, tomando por objeto de discussão um conjunto de dados de pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa SOS Criança, do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A partir de breve contextualização das condições históricas que contribuíram para o surgimento e consolidação do modo de produção capitalista e do modelo de ciência que lhe deu suporte, o positivismo, esboça-se uma crítica da perspectiva gnosiológica do conhecimento. Aponta-se a necessidade de um saber que considere a gênese e o desenvolvimento dos fenômenos sociais, ou seja ontológico, portanto lançando mão de categorias dialéticas como totalidade e essência. Toma-se por campo para essa discussão a análise dos dados sobre violação de direitos de crianças e adolescentes, em que as mães aparecem ao mesmo tempo como principais cuidadoras e violadoras.
Public Discussion in Russian Social Media: An Introduction
Authors: Koltsova Olessia , Bodrunova Svetlana S.
Published: August 2019

Russian media have recently (re-)gained attention of the scholarly community, mostly due to the rise of cyber-attacking techniques and computational propaganda efforts. A revived conceptualization of the Russian media as a uniform system driven by a well-coordinated propagandistic state effort, though having evidence thereunder, does not allow seeing the public discussion inside Russia as a more diverse and multifaceted process. This is especially true for the Russian-language mediated discussions online, which, in the recent years, have proven to be efficient enough in raising both social issues and waves of political protest, including on-street spillovers. While, in the recent years, several attempts have been made to demonstrate the complexity of the Russian media system at large, the content and structures of the Russian-language online discussions remain seriously understudied. The thematic issue draws attention to various aspects of online public discussions in Runet; it creates a perspective in studying Russian mediated communication at the level of Internet users. The articles are selected in the way that they not only contribute to the systemic knowledge on the Russian media but also add to the respective subdomains of media research, including the studies on social problem construction, news values, political polarization, and affect in communication.
Results of surgical treatment of patients of elderly and senile age with complicated forms of locally advanced colon cancer
Authors: Glushkov N. I. , Gorshenin T. L. , Belikova M. Ya. , Dulaeva S. K. , Borovik I. K.
Published: August 2019

The paper analyzes the results of treatment of 74 elderly and senile patients with complicated forms of locally advanced colon cancer. The article demonstrates the prevalence of symptomatic operations due to the severity of the condition advanced oncological process. The use of endovideosurgical technologies in treating patients with complications of locally advanced colon cancer reduces the number of postoperative complications.
Monocyte chemotactic factor content in normal sperm and in samples of ejaculate with diminished fertility
Authors: Sosnin Dmitriy Yu. , Galkovich Konstantin R.
Published: August 2019

Aim. To study the dynamics of monocyte chemotactic factor (MCP-1) content in the ejaculate of healthy men and men with diminished spermatozoid concentration.
Material and methods.Sixty-four men were examined. The main group included 16 patients with azoospermia. The comparison group – 24 patients with oligozooasthenospermia (spermatozoid concentration lower than 15 mln/ml). The control group was presented by ejaculate samples of 24 healthy men, characterized by normal parameters. The MCP-1 concentration was determined with the method of solid phase enzyme immunoassay using the assay kit “MCP-1-EIA-BEST” (A8784) (CJSC Vector-Best, Russia).
Results. The mean MCP-1 concentration in the samples of undiluted seminal plasma was 2242.8 ± 672.0 pg/ml versus the blood serum, where MCP-1 content was 18.9 times lower and was 118.8 ± 22.9 pg/ml. No reliable differences were revealed when comparing the mean values of MCP-1 in the studied groups in ejaculates; there were also no statistically significant difference between the indices in MCP-1 groups in the blood serum.
Conclusions. Male seminal plasma is characterized by unusually high MCP-1 content, exceeding more than tenfold the concentration of this protein in the blood serum. High MCP-1 concentration in sperm and the absence of its dependence on the concentration of this protein in blood serum indicates local production of this protein into the seminal plasma by male reproductive organs. Further studies are needed to find out a concrete localization of the sites of production of this protein in male genital organs and to study its probable role in reproductive processes in male and female organisms.
Estimation of proinflammatory cytokine and heat shock protein levels in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ivanova Natalia M. , Kibalina Irina V. , Tsybikov Namzil N.
Published: August 2019

Aim. To estimate the proinflammatory cytokineI L-17α level, HSP-70 level and autoantibodies to it in pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) at its exacerbation stage.

Materials and methods. Twenty patients aged 18–35 years were examined; cytokine IL-17α levels, HSP-70 chaperone levels and autoantibodies to it were studied in patients, suffering from typical form of atopic dermatitis at exacerbation stage. Statistical processing of the obtained material was implemented with STATISTICA 6.1 for Windows.

Results. Atopic dermatitis causes chronic inflammatory damage of the skin, the cells are in stress state for a long time that contributes to accumulation of the damaged proteins in them and significant growth of chaperone synthesis.

Conclusions. In the period of active clinical symptomatology, patients with atopic dermatitis demonstrated decrease in blood IL-17α concentration and increase in HSP70 level and autoantibodies to it.
Complex ultrasound diagnosis of pelvic organs in girls-adolescents with obesity
Authors: Kamilova N. M. , Sultanova I. A. , Khalilova G. M. , Akhmedzade V. A.
Published: August 2019

Aim. To assess the state of pelvic organs in girls-adolescents with obesity.

Materials and methods. The study included the data from 120 girls-adolescents aged 13–17 years with informed agreement of parents. The main group joined 100 girls with obesity of different degrees, the control group – 20 girls without obesity. The study was implemented on the basis of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology I of Azerbaijan Medical University, Research Center “SaglamNǝsil”. In addition to general clinical examination, including the study of anamnesis, reproductive function, general and gynecological examination, there were used echography of the small pelvic, US dopplerometry of the utero-ovarian arteries. Statistical analysis was performed using MS Excel, SPSS and Statistica (version 10.0) Software Package.

Results. The compared results of USI of the small pelvis detected significant increase in the size of the uterus and ovaries in girls-adolescents with obesity. After normalization of weight, the sizes of the uterus and ovaries normalized as well.

Conclusions. USI of pelvic organs permits to identify different disorders and take the corresponding measures for their elimination at the right moment.
Modern ideas about the effect of exogenous antioxidants on the growth of malignant tumors
Authors: Puzakov Konstantin K. , Durnova Natalia A. , Ryzhenkova Inna G.
Published: August 2019

This review analyzes the literature on the effects of certain drugs with antioxidant properties on the risk of developing malignant neoplasias, as well as on their growth and metastasis. Antioxidants are able to protect not only normal cells from the alterative effect of free radicals, but also tumor cells, thereby stimulating their survival and growth. There are data showing that in cells of certain malignant tumors, concentrations of endogenous antioxidant proteins are increasing. The synthesis of these proteins is determined by the cellular signaling pathway KEAP1/NRF2/ARE, it was revealed that oncogenes are involved in the regulation of this signaling pathway. The p53 protein, which activates apoptosis in diseased cells, can be inactivated by antioxidants, which in turn can stimulate the survival and growth of malignant tumor cells. Currently, there is a sufficient amount of information about the effect on tumor growth of certain drugs of various pharmacological groups with antioxidant properties, such as the widely used mucolytic N-acetylcysteine, antidiabetic drugs inhibitors of DPP4 (saxagliptin, sitagliptin), alpha lipoic acid used in the treatment of neuropathies of various origins, as well as vitamins A and E. development of malignant neoplasias in at-risk patients (smokers, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes mellitus ). As well as they can complicate the course of existing cancers.
Algunos orientalismos del Recetario para diversas enfermedades atribuido a Arnau de Vilanova
Authors: Campos Souto Mar
Published: August 2019

Algunos orientalismos del Recetario para diversas enfermedades atribuido a Arnau de Vilanova.
Las marcas de uso: despectivo en el DRAE
Authors: Garriga Escribano Cecilio
Published: August 2019

Las marcas de uso: despectivo en el DRAE.
Los marcadores discursivos en las obras lexicográficas
Authors: Vázquez Veiga Nancy
Published: August 2019

Los marcadores discursivos en las obras lexicográficas.
Plantas americanas con uso en medicina en el Diccionario de Terreros y Pando
Authors: Gutiérrez Rodilla Bertha María
Published: August 2019

Plantas americanas con uso en medicina en el Diccionario de Terreros y Pando.