bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in Effective Antioxidants: The Structure and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Parcheta Monika , Świsłocka Renata , Orzechowska Sylwia , Akimowicz Monika , Choińska Renata , Lewandowski Włodzimierz
Published: April 2021

Since the last few years, the growing interest in the use of natural and synthetic antioxidants as functional food ingredients and dietary supplements, is observed. The imbalance between the number of antioxidants and free radicals is the cause of oxidative damages of proteins, lipids, and DNA. The aim of the study was the review of recent developments in antioxidants. One of the crucial issues in food technology, medicine, and biotechnology is the excess free radicals reduction to obtain healthy food. The major problem is receiving more effective antioxidants. The study aimed to analyze the properties of efficient antioxidants and a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of antioxidant processes. Our researches and sparing literature data prove that the ligand antioxidant properties complexed by selected metals may significantly affect the free radical neutralization. According to our preliminary observation, this efficiency is improved mainly by the metals of high ion potential, e.g., Fe(III), Cr(III), Ln(III), Y(III). The complexes of delocalized electronic charge are better antioxidants. Experimental literature results of antioxidant assays, such as diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing activity power assay (FRAP), were compared to thermodynamic parameters obtained with computational methods. The mechanisms of free radicals creation were described based on the experimental literature data. Changes in HOMO energy distribution in phenolic acids with an increasing number of hydroxyl groups were observed. The antioxidant properties of flavonoids are strongly dependent on the hydroxyl group position and the catechol moiety. The number of methoxy groups in the phenolic acid molecules influences antioxidant activity. The use of synchrotron techniques in the antioxidants electronic structure analysis was proposed.
Highly Porous and Ultra-Lightweight Aero-Ga2O3: Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity by Noble Metals
Authors: Plesco Irina , Ciobanu Vladimir , Braniste Tudor , Ursaki Veaceslav , Rasch Florian , Sarua Andrei , Raevschi Simion , Adelung Rainer , Dutta Joydeep , Tiginyanu Ion
Published: April 2021

A new type of photocatalyst is proposed on the basis of aero-β-Ga2O3, which is a material constructed from a network of interconnected tetrapods with arms in the form of microtubes with nanometric walls. The aero-Ga2O3 material is obtained by annealing of aero-GaN fabricated by epitaxial growth on ZnO microtetrapods. The hybrid structures composed of aero-Ga2O3 functionalized with Au or Pt nanodots were tested for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under UV or visible light illumination. The functionalization of aero-Ga2O3 with noble metals results in the enhancement of the photocatalytic performances of bare material, reaching the performances inherent to ZnO while gaining the advantage of the increased chemical stability. The mechanisms of enhancement of the photocatalytic properties by activating aero-Ga2O3 with noble metals are discussed to elucidate their potential for environmental applications.
Hydrogen Bonding in Natural and Unnatural Base Pairs—A Local Vibrational Mode Study
Authors: Beiranvand Nassim , Freindorf Marek , Kraka Elfi
Published: April 2021

In this work hydrogen bonding in a diverse set of 36 unnatural and the three natural Watson Crick base pairs adenine (A)–thymine (T), adenine (A)–uracil (U) and guanine (G)–cytosine (C) was assessed utilizing local vibrational force constants derived from the local mode analysis, originally introduced by Konkoli and Cremer as a unique bond strength measure based on vibrational spectroscopy. The local mode analysis was complemented by the topological analysis of the electronic density and the natural bond orbital analysis. The most interesting findings of our study are that (i) hydrogen bonding in Watson Crick base pairs is not exceptionally strong and (ii) the N–H⋯N is the most favorable hydrogen bond in both unnatural and natural base pairs while O–H⋯N/O bonds are the less favorable in unnatural base pairs and not found at all in natural base pairs. In addition, the important role of non-classical C–H⋯N/O bonds for the stabilization of base pairs was revealed, especially the role of C–H⋯O bonds in Watson Crick base pairs. Hydrogen bonding in Watson Crick base pairs modeled in the DNA via a QM/MM approach showed that the DNA environment increases the strength of the central N–H⋯N bond and the C–H⋯O bonds, and at the same time decreases the strength of the N–H⋯O bond. However, the general trends observed in the gas phase calculations remain unchanged. The new methodology presented and tested in this work provides the bioengineering community with an efficient design tool to assess and predict the type and strength of hydrogen bonding in artificial base pairs.
Potential of Climate Change and Herbivory to Affect the Release and Atmospheric Reactions of BVOCs from Boreal and Subarctic Forests
Authors: Yu H. , Holopainen J. K. , Kivimäenpää M. , Virtanen A. , Blande J. D.
Published: April 2021

Compared to most other forest ecosystems, circumpolar boreal and subarctic forests have few tree species, and are prone to mass outbreaks of herbivorous insects. A short growing season with long days allows rapid plant growth, which will be stimulated by predicted warming of polar areas. Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) from soil and vegetation could be substantial on sunny and warm days and biotic stress may accelerate emission rates. In the atmosphere, BVOCs are involved in various gas-phase chemical reactions within and above forest canopies. Importantly, the oxidation of BVOCs leads to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. SOA particles scatter and absorb solar radiation and grow to form cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and participate in cloud formation. Through BVOC and moisture release and SOA formation and condensation processes, vegetation has the capacity to affect the abiotic environment at the ecosystem scale. Recent BVOC literature indicates that both temperature and herbivory have a major impact on BVOC emissions released by woody species. Boreal conifer forest is the largest terrestrial biome and could be one of the largest sources of biogenic mono- and sesquiterpene emissions due to the capacity of conifer trees to store terpene-rich resins in resin canals above and belowground. Elevated temperature promotes increased diffusion of BVOCs from resin stores. Moreover, insect damage can break resin canals in needles, bark, and xylem and cause distinctive bursts of BVOCs during outbreaks. In the subarctic, mountain birch forests have cyclic outbreaks of Geometrid moths. During outbreaks, trees are often completely defoliated leading to an absence of BVOC-emitting foliage. However, in the years following an outbreak there is extended shoot growth, a greater number of leaves, and greater density of glandular trichomes that store BVOCs. This can lead to a delayed chemical defense response resulting in the highest BVOC emission rates from subarctic forest in the 1–3 years after an insect outbreak. Climate change is expected to increase insect outbreaks at high latitudes due to warmer seasons and arrivals of invasive herbivore species. Increased BVOC emission will affect tropospheric ozone (O3) formation and O3 induced oxidation of BVOCs. Herbivore-induced BVOC emissions from deciduous and coniferous trees are also likely to increase the formation rate of SOA and further growth of the particles in the atmosphere. Field experiments measuring the BVOC emission rates, SOA formation rate and particle concentrations within and above the herbivore attacked forest stands are still urgently needed.
Occurrence of Cis-11,12-Methylene-Hexadecanoic Acid in the Red Alga Solieria pacifica (Yamada) Yoshida
Authors: Kim Gwang-Woo , Sim Jae-Man , Itabashi Yutaka , Jung Min-Jeong , Jun Joon-Young
Published: April 2021

Fatty acids in marine algae have attracted the attention of natural chemists because of their biological activity. The fatty acid compositions of the Solieriaceae families (Rhodophyceae, Gaigartinales) provide interesting information that unusual cyclic fatty acids have been occasionally found. A survey was conducted to profile the characteristic fatty acid composition of the red alga Solieria pacifica (Yamada) Yoshida using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). In S. pacifica, two cyclopentyl fatty acids, 11-cyclopentylundecanoic acid (7.0%), and 13-cyclopentyltridecanoic acid (4.9%), and a cyclopropane fatty acid, cis-11,12-methylene-hexadecanoic acid (7.9%) contributed significantly to the overall fatty acid profile. In particular, this cyclopropane fatty acid has been primarily found in bacteria, rumen microorganisms or foods of animal origin, and has not previously been found in any other algae. In addition, this alga contains a significant amount of the monoenoic acid cis-11-hexadecenoic acid (9.0%). Therefore, cis-11,12-methylene-hexadecanoic acid in S. pacifica was likely produced by methylene addition to cis-11-hexadecenoic acid.
Active Nanointerfaces Based on Enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase and Metal–Organic Framework for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Liu Qian , Bai Xinwei , Pham Huy , Hu Jianli , Dinu Cerasela Zoica
Published: April 2021

Carbonic anhydrases are enzymes capable of transforming carbon dioxide into bicarbonate to maintain functionality of biological systems. Synthetic isolation and implementation of carbonic anhydrases into membrane have recently raised hopes for emerging and efficient strategies that could reduce greenhouse emission and the footprint of anthropogenic activities. However, implementation of such enzymes is currently challenged by the resulting membrane’s wetting capability, overall membrane performance for gas sensing, adsorption and transformation, and by the low solubility of carbon dioxide in water, the required medium for enzyme functionality. We developed the next generation of enzyme-based interfaces capable to efficiently adsorb and reduce carbon dioxide at room temperature. For this, we integrated carbonic anhydrase with a hydrophilic, user-synthesized metal–organic framework; we showed how the framework’s porosity and controlled morphology contribute to viable enzyme binding to create functional surfaces for the adsorption and reduction of carbon dioxide. Our analysis based on electron and atomic microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and colorimetric assays demonstrated the functionality of such interfaces, while Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis and gas chromatography analysis allowed additional evaluation of the efficiency of carbon dioxide adsorption and reduction. Our study is expected to impact the design and development of active interfaces based on enzymes to be used as green approaches for carbon dioxide transformation and mitigation of global anthropogenic activities.
L-Carnitine Tartrate Downregulates the ACE2 Receptor and Limits SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Bellamine Aouatef , Pham Tram N. Q. , Jain Jaspreet , Wilson Jacob , Sahin Kazim , Dallaire Frederic , Seidah Nabil G. , Durkee Shane , Radošević Katarina , Cohen Éric A.
Published: April 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for one of the worst pandemics in modern history. Several prevention and treatment strategies have been designed and evaluated in recent months either through the repurposing of existing treatments or the development of new drugs and vaccines. In this study, we show that L-carnitine tartrate supplementation in humans and rodents led to significant decreases of key host dependency factors, notably angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and Furin, which are responsible for viral attachment, viral spike S-protein cleavage, and priming for viral fusion and entry. Interestingly, pre-treatment of Calu-3, human lung epithelial cells, with L-carnitine tartrate led to a significant and dose-dependent inhibition of the infection by SARS-CoV-2. Infection inhibition coincided with a significant decrease in ACE2 mRNA expression levels. These data suggest that L-carnitine tartrate should be tested with appropriate trials in humans for the possibility to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Unveiling the Fundamental Mechanisms of Graphene Oxide Selectivity on the Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid by Density Functional Theory Calculations and Charge Population Analysis
Authors: Prasert Kittiya , Sutthibutpong Thana
Published: April 2021

The selectivity of electrochemical sensors to ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) remains an open challenge in the field of biosensing. In this study, the selective mechanisms for detecting AA, DA, and UA molecules on the graphene and graphene oxide substrates were illustrated through the charge population analysis from the density functional theory (DFT) calculation results. Our substrate models contained the 1:10 oxygen per carbon ratio of reduced graphene oxide, and the functionalized configurations were selected according to the formation energy. Geometry optimizations were performed for the AA, DA, and UA on the pristine graphene, epoxy-functionalized graphene, and hydroxyl-functionalized graphene at the DFT level with vdW-DF2 corrections. From the calculations, AA was bound to both epoxy and hydroxyl-functionalized GO with relatively low adsorption energy, while DA was adsorbed stronger to the electronegative epoxy groups. The strongest adsorption of UA to both functional groups corresponded to the largest amount of electron transfer through the pi orbitals. Local electron loss created local electric fields that opposed the electron transfer during an oxidation reaction. Our analysis agreed with the results from previous experimental studies and provided insight into other electrode modifications for electrochemical sensing.
E-Learning vs. Face-To-Face Learning: Analyzing Students’ Preferences and Behaviors
Authors: Gherheș Vasile , Stoian Claudia E. , Fărcașiu Marcela Alina , Stanici Miroslav
Published: April 2021

Educational life worldwide has been shaken by the closure of schools due to the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. The ripple effects have been felt in the way both teachers and students have adapted to the constraints imposed by the new online form of education. The present study focuses exclusively on the beneficiaries of the educational process and aims to find out their perceptions of face-to-face and e-learning and their desire to return, or not, to the traditional form of education. These perceptions are represented by 604 students of the Politehnica University of Timisoara, who were asked to respond anonymously to an 8-question questionnaire between December 2020 and February 2021. The results show the respondents’ levels of desire to return to school (especially of those who have only benefited from e-learning) and their degree of involvement during online classes. The results also specify the advantages and disadvantages of the two forms of education from a double perspective, namely that of first-year students (beneficiaries of e-learning exclusively), and of upper-year students (beneficiaries of both face-to-face and e-learning). The study points out key information about e-learning from the students’ perspectives, which should be considered to understand the ongoing changes of the educational process and to solve its specific problems, thus ensuring its sustainability.
Local Community Experience as an Anchor Sustaining Reorientation Processes during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gatti Flora , Procentese Fortuna
Published: April 2021

In recent months, Italian citizens have alternatively experienced a forced, total or partial, loss of their opportunities to go out and meet their social network or their reduction, according to the restrictions locally needed to contain the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. The effects of these unprecedented circumstances and restrictions on their local community experience are still to be deepened. Consequently, this study investigated young citizens’ experiences of and attitudes towards their local communities of belonging after ten months of alternatively strict and partially eased restrictions. The World Café methodology was used to favor the exchange of ideas and open new viewpoints among participants. What emerged suggests that the communities of belonging may have worked as anchors to which young citizens clung as an attempt not to be overwhelmed by the disorientation brought about by the loss of their daily life (e.g., routines, life places, face-to-face sociability). On the one hand, this suggests that a renewed focus on local communities and a more involved way of living in them may stem from this tough time. On the other hand, these results point out the need for more meaningful and actively engaged people–community relationships as drivers for recovery processes under emergency circumstances.
Capitalizing on the Potential of South African Indigenous Beef Cattle Breeds: A Review
Authors: Van Marle-Köster Este , Visser Carina , Sealy Judith , Frantz Laurent
Published: April 2021

Cattle populations arrived in Southern Africa almost 2000 years ago, brought by farming communities migrating southwards. For centuries, cattle have been an integral component of livestock production to meet the animal protein needs of a growing population and they are also important in many cultural and religious events, as repositories of wealth and signifiers of social status. Selection within these cattle populations led to the development of breeds such as the Nguni, Afrikaner and Drakensberger that are well adapted to the local production environment. Genetic information has been generated for most of these populations, providing new insights into their ancestry and indicating moderate levels of diversity and relatively low inbreeding. Indigenous cattle breeds are present in both the well-developed commercial sector as well as the developing South African livestock sector. These breeds have been included in several research studies, mostly focusing on their production and adaptive potential. Genetic improvement of the local cattle populations and breeds, which are often more resilient to local environmental conditions, has the potential to improve the productivity of the small-scale production developing sector and contribute to the alleviation of poverty.
Tracing Resistances of Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer during Long-term Stability Tests
Authors: Niaz Atif Khan , Lee Woong , Yang SeungCheol , Lim Hyung-Tae
Published: April 2021

In this study, an anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) cell was operated for ~1000 h at a voltage bias of 1.95 V. Impedance spectra were regularly measured every ~ 100 h, and changes in the ohmic and non-ohmic resistance were traced as a function of time. While there was relatively little change in the I–V curves and the total cell resistance during the long-term test, we observed various electrochemical phenomena in the cell: 1) initial activation with a decrease in both ohmic and non-ohmic resistance; 2) momentary and non-permanent bubble resistance (non-ohmic resistance) depending on the voltage bias, and 3) membrane degradation with a slight increase in the ohmic resistance. Thus, the regular test protocol used in this study provided clear insights into the performance degradation (or improvement) mechanism of AEMWE cells.
Dividend attractiveness of Russian companies: a quarter of a century later
Authors: Lukasevich I.Ya.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the dividend attractiveness of Russian public companies whose shares are traded on the Moscow Exchange for the period from 1994 to 2019. It is shown that its main factors are the regularity and stability of dividend payments, for the evaluation of which the corresponding indicators (indices) are proposed. An empirical assessment of the stability and regularity of dividend payments is carried out, and companies that can claim the title of dividend aristocrats are identified. The results obtained can be used by investors, including individuals, in the process of making management decisions, as well as by companies in the development of a dividend policy.
Measuring the spiritual economy: organizational, managerial, and socio-economic aspects
Authors: Morozov V.A.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the issues of evaluation and measurement of the spiritual economy. The values and needs of people are revealed as a platform of spiritual economy. The main components of the criteria are analyzed on the example of domestic and foreign statistics. The petal model is formed, which allows to provide a detailed assessment of the spiritual economy in the subsystems of society and national economies. The article provides a justification for the use of indicators, ratings and characteristics that form the necessary composition of indicators of the spiritual economy.
Research and identification of development directions strategies of the organization's activities
Authors: Gerasimov B.N.
Published: April 2021

The formation and maintenance of the strategy implementation is the most important area of activity of the top management personnel of the organization. The methodology of collective mental activity (CMA) is an effective means of finding and solving problems, as well as developing and making management decisions of the most important attributes of the organization. The core of this methodology is scenarios and technologies for using the method of active collective testing (MACT). As the main results of the use of the CMA and the MАCT implementation technology, a set of identified problems and a set of innovative proposals for their elimination for the development of the strategy of a particular organization are presented. The CMA methodology is used to increase the mobility and competence of managers, as well as to cultivate leaders.
Entrepreneurial Pathways in Art
Authors: Tuominiemi Kaisu , Benzenberg Scott
Published: April 2021

Art programs at the university level are often designed in a studio-based model where the curriculum objective is “high-levels of disciplinary expertise” (Hong, Essig, & Bridgstock, 2012). These programs graduate artists who, while highly proficient in creation and performance, must navigate a career market which is limited and highly competitive.  This studio model is shifting. Many arts programs at the university level are now beginning to incorporate courses which help artists as they navigate the business of the art world, but these types of interventions still neglect opportunities to fully harness artistic skillsets of art students.

Arts Entrepreneurship is an emerging discipline in post-secondary education. This discipline aims address the needs of the artist while also recognizing the unique habits of mind the artist might bring into enterprise. The scope of this discipline extends beyond studio practices by considering and measuring the impact of an artists’ work. “The unique mission of arts programs and therefore a unique of arts entrepreneurship education and a defining aspect of its signature pedagogy is the practice of making art work in and for the real world” (Hong, Essig, & Bridgstock, 2012). In this discipline, artists extend the scope of their “work” beyond creation and towards practices which can future sustain an artistic venture. Arts Entrepreneurship therefore seeks to graduate artists who are able to consider and measure the scope of external impacts.

The proposal here seeks to address the need of graduates in art education to pursue meaningful employment while also generating new potentials the artist’s role in wider society.
Building a Heavy Metal World
Authors: Athanassiou Dominic , Musgrave George
Published: April 2021

This paper explores how cultural entrepreneurs built a ‘heavy metal world’ in the Polish People’s Republic (PRL), focussing on the years 1980-89. By combining historical analysis with primary research to examine how both fans and artists alike acted together to overcome shortages, scarcity and repression, this paper supports definitions of cultural entrepreneurship which go beyond an economic orientation, and acts as case study to highlight the often uneasy co-existence between states and cultural production.
The Unlikely Story of American Regulatory Socialism
Authors: Broughel James
Published: April 2021

The conventional wisdom has it that US Democrats and those on the American left support incremental steps in the direction of socialism, if not an all-out endorsement of the concept. However, in at least one area—regulation—Republicans and the American political right have also, albeit unwittingly, spread the seeds of socialism not just in Washington, DC, but all across the world. This article reviews the history of federal regulation in the United States, and in particular the arcane, technical history of cost-benefit analysis (CBA), a tool that has become increasingly central in battles over regulation between the Left and the Right. Although right-wing political operatives latched on to CBA in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the tool has a long, complicated history, aspects of which could even be called socialist in nature.
Agronegócio sucroenergético: a face atualizada da cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Valério Valmir José de Oliveira
Published: April 2021

A consolidação da agroindústria canavieira, assim como o seu desenvolvimento e atualização sob o rótulo do agronegócio sucroenergético, impõe novos elementos para pensar a expressão espacial e, sobretudo, quais as consequências da expansão da cana-de-açúcar para as demais práticas agrícolas. Nesse âmbito, este artigo busca destacar os principais elementos históricos, políticos e organizacionais compreendidos ao atual formato da agroindústria da cana-de-açúcar, com ênfase na realidade do estado de São Paulo entre os anos de 2006 e 2017. Para tanto, além da revisão bibliográfica acerca do tema, foram realizados trabalhos de campo e um mapeamento da evolução da área plantada com cana-de-açúcar no território paulista. Enquanto produto de ações e políticas direcionadas ao favorecimento do setor, o atual agronegócio sucroenergético controla em torno de um terço da área dos estabelecimentos agropecuários paulistas, o que coloca elementos para pensar os efeitos da expansão canavieira para a prática dos demais tipos de cultivo.
High power microwave for knocking out programmable suicide drones
Authors: Chaari Mohamed Zied
Published: April 2021

The primary research objective is to reduce the dangers of rogue drones in our lives and the consequences of extremist groups, drug dealers, and organised criminals using them. The growing number of incidents involving modified drones proves the weakness of existing technology in stopping and neutralising errant drones such as the hand-held gun jammer, trained eagle, R.F. jammer, and others. This technology is not very likely to able to knock out a rogue drone and is incapable of stopping programmable drones. This article aims to examine the directed energy of HPM (high power microwaves) in using the electromagnetic field strength energy to damage the drone’s structure or burn its PCB board electronics. It goes on to analyse electronic attack using microwave power with high frequency to immediately switch off drones. The effectiveness of high microwave power for disrupting drones at different distances and in different weather conditions is evaluated. A study of the conical horn antenna of the magnetron coupling system, which has an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz, is also included.
Inteligencia emocional y cultura organizacional como pilares de ejercicio docente
Authors: Cuno Mariela , Incacutipa Duverly
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the research was to determine the correlation between emotional intelligence and the organizational culture of teachers at the Institución Educativa Secundaria Andrés Avalino Cáceres de Puno - Perú (2015). It was carried out from the quantitative approach, descriptive type, and cross-correlational design. The sample consisted of 22 teachers with a census sample. The technique for obtaining data was the survey and two pertinent questionnaires were applied as instruments to each variable. The presentation of the results was through frequency tables, reaching the conclusion that there is a significant and positive relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational culture.
Work-Related and Behavioral Risk Factors of Diseases of the Circulatory System
in Oil Industry Workers
Authors: Valeeva ET , Gimranova GG , Shaikhlislamova ER
Published: April 2021

Introduction: In terms of the prevalence and severity of complications, diseases of the circulatory system rank high in the structure of general morbidity among the causes of disability and premature mortality of the working-age population. The main reasons for the increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases are considered to be such behavioral risk factors as smoking, alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, hypertriglyceridemia, overweight, and physical inactivity. By now, contribution of adverse work-related and occupational factors in the development of cardiovascular disorders has been proven as well. Our objective was to study the relationship between work-related and behavioral risk factors and diseases of the circulatory system in oil workers. Methods: We conducted an assessment of working conditions and health status of oil industry workers that included a questionnaire-based survey to identify unmodified and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometry, blood pressure measurements, the analysis of lipid metabolism indicators, and examination by a cardiologist. We established that the working conditions of oil production and refinery workers belong to hazard class 3 and may contribute to increased rates of chronic non-communicable diseases including diseases of the circulatory system. The main work-related risk factors for oilmen include vibration, noise, workplace air pollution with saturated hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide, as well as the severity of the labor process. Strong interrelationships of the main risk factors were revealed. The proportion of workers with a high risk of developing cardiovascular disorders was about 30 % of the total number of employees. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the role of work-related and non-occupational risk factors in the development of diseases of the circulatory system in oil workers and indicate the need to develop appropriate preventive measures.
Comparative Assessment of Nitrate Concentrations in Vegetables Grown on Commercial and Subsistence Farms in the Saratov Region
Authors: Eliseev YuYu , Chekhomov SYu , Eliseeva YuV
Published: April 2021

Background: Food safety is one of the prerequisites for a healthy diet of the population of the Russian Federation. At the same time, successful functioning of modern agricultural complexes is almost impossible without a widespread use of various agrochemicals, including nitrogen-containing fertilizers. The objective of our study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the nitrate content of vegetables grown on commercial and subsistence farms located in industrially contaminated areas of the region and used as local food. Materials and methods: The research was carried out in the summer and autumn periods of 2017–2019 in a number of polluted areas of the Saratov Region. Nitrate concentrations in local vegetables were measured by a potentiometric method. Results: We established that the nitrate content of vegetables grown in most environmentally disadvantaged areas varied greatly. Concentrations of this contaminant depended on the type of vegetables, growing conditions and region; yet, they did not exceed the maximum permissible level in any vegetable sample tested. At the same time, the level of nitrates in crops grown on commercial farms was significantly higher than that in vegetables grown in private gardens (p < 0.05) due to a more extensive application of nitrate fertilizers in the form of commercially produced ammonium nitrate. Private gardeners, on the opposite, use biomass species, usually legumes, contributing to a better conversion of nitrates into proteins and preventing their excessive accumulation in the produce.
The Effect of Sweet Potatoes Leaves (Ipomoea batatas) on Blood Profile and Survival Rate of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Nursida Nur Fajriani , Putri Tri Widayati
Published: April 2021

In aquaculture, fish health problems are often encountered which can lead to failure in cultivation activities. One of the efforts to overcome the problem of disease in cultivation is done by providing immunostimulants. Sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas) are plants that have a short harvest period, cheap and rich in vitamins and antioxidants so that it can be used as a source of immunstimulants. This research was conducted to determine the effect of adding sweet potato leaves (Ipomea batats) to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed on total leukocytes, phagocytic activity, hematocrit, and survival rate. The study was conducted by experimental method using a completely randomized design, with 4 treatment doses of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) used were 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, which were formulated in fish feed and each treatment was repeated 3 times.. The results showed that giving 10% of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) leaves in feed had a significant effect on the non-specific immune system of tilapia, which could increase the highest total leukocyte value by 6600 mm3 but did not have a significant effect on the phagocytosis index. 96.3%, 31% hematocrit with 93% survival.
Genetic Identification of Anchovy from Cenderawasih Bay using DNA Barcoding Approach
Authors: Dailami Muhammad , Widyawati Yuni , Toha Abdul Hamid A.
Published: April 2021

The Cenderawasih Bay is a marine habitat for whale sharks (R. typus) which appear almost all year round. The appearance of this whale shark is triggered by various factors, including the food. Anchovy is one of the attractions for the emergence of whale sharks, so it is necessary to conduct genetic, biological and ecological studies. Anchovy has a small in size, making it difficult to identify morphologically. The purpose of this study was to genetically identify anchovy samples obtained from Cenderawasih Bay and compare the sequences with the GenBank database. The COI gene fragments were amplified by PCR method, using primer jg-LCO and jg-HCO. Sequencing is carried out from two directions, forward and reverse with the sanger termination dideoxy method. The resulting DNA sequence has a length of 669 base pairs encoding 223 amino acids. The results of homological comparisons with the NCBI and BOLD System databases show that this sample has similarities to the COI sequence of Spratelloides gracilis with a similarity number up to 99%. The results of the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the anchovy samples from Cenderawasih Bay were in one clade with S. gracilis from Japan and separated from the clade of S. gracilis from the Red Sea, with a distance between clades is 0.104. This result is in line with the identification by homological comparison in the NCBI and BOLD System.
Acumulación de reservas internacionales a través de la venta de opciones: el caso de México
Authors: Werner Alejandro
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se describe el esquema de acumulación de reservas internacionales mediante la venta de opciones de venta de dólares implementado por el Banco de México. Además se presenta un modelo de valuación de dicha opción y se establece la función de ejercicio óptimo. Con base en este modelo se investigan las características principales de este mecanismo. Se demuestra que la probabilidad de ejercicio de la opción no se ve afectada de manera importante por cambios en la volatilidad y la tendencia del tipo de cambio. Por lo tanto, se concluye que este mecanismo ha sido neutral a cambios en estos parámetros. Finalmente, se compara la valuación y el momento de ejercicio determinados teóricamente con las observaciones de mercado. En dicha comparación se hace evidente una subvaluación del precio de la opción y un ejercicio acelerado de la opción en relación a lo indicado por el modelo.
Medidas Alternativas de Inflación
Authors: Mateos Calixto , Gaytán Alejandro
Published: April 2021

El crecimiento del índice de precios al consumidor es el indicador más utilizado para medir la inflación. Sin embargo, dicho indicador puede reflejar variaciones en precios relativos o algunas otras perturbaciones cuyo origen radique en consideraciones ajenas a la política monetaria. En este documento se reseñan y se aplican al caso de México las metodologías para calcular una serie de medidas que han sido desarrolladas con el objetivo de depurar al índice de precios al consumidor de las variaciones temporales o de precios relativos de manera que el indicador así obtenido sea una medida de inflación que capture únicamente el crecimiento sostenido en el nivel general de precios. Cada una de estas medidas provee información sobre algún aspecto del proceso inflacionario, por lo que resulta importante que el seguimiento de estas medidas se incorpore dentro del análisis de la inflación en México.
Should monetary policy lean against the wind in a small-open economy? Revisiting the Tinbergen rule
Authors: De la Peña Rogelio
Published: April 2021

It has been debated whether monetary policy should lean against the wind, i.e., if central banks should also respond to the build-up of financial imbalances. I contribute to the debate by showing that targeting the two policy objectives with a single instrument is more costly for a small-open economy than for a closed one. To this end, I develop a small-open economy DSGE model with the Bernanke-Gertler-Gilchrist financial accelerator that features financial frictions and monopolistic competition in goods markets. I then estimate this model for Mexico to explore the policy regimes yielding the lowest welfare cost. My main finding is that the Tinbergen rule is alive and well. In addition, my model is useful to gauge macroprudential measures effectiveness when discriminating against foreign liabilities.
PENGARUH PENILAIAN ETIKA TERHADAP PERILAKU MAHASISWA FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN
Authors: Musdansi Dwi Putri , Murwindra Rosa , Akbar Helbi
Published: April 2021

This research is a quantitative study that aims to analyze the effect of ethical judgment on student behavior at the Kuantan Singingi Islamic University (UNIKS). The population used was students of the Tarbiyah and Teaching Faculty (FTK) with the sampling technique. Random sampling used SPSS. Data collection techniques use secondary data sources and pimer, for independent variables using secondary data sources by directly requesting the FTK UNIKS archive center, while the dependent variable uses primary data sources obtained directly from the original source through the Behavior scale. The test statistic needed to test the hypothesis is the correlation coefficient between the test score as a predictor and the score of a criterion. The interpretation of the analysis results in predictive studies is based on the betha index (β) or the b score in the regression model obtained. From the results of the study it was concluded that there was an effect of ethical judgment on the behavior of FTK UNIKS students with sig = 0.00 and F = 50.524, Y = 31.5 + 0.645X
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EXAMPLE NON EXAMPLE TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: .Yuliana Yuliana , Sunarwin Sunarwin , Nisa Kartini Rahman
Published: April 2021

The research aimed to know the effect of example non example model of students learning outcomes with acid base solution subject at theMAS At-Taqwa Beru in even semesterof the 2020-2021 academic year. Pre-experiment used as research method with one group pre-test post-test as the research design. The studyused population from students of class XI MIA MAS At-Taqwa Beru, and used purposif sampling method, so class XI MIA which are 18 students were a research sample. Data analysis using tcount test, and first, descriptive statistical analysis and data requirements testing. Data requirements test results, where the data is normal and homogeneous. Based on the testing of the hypothesis carried out, obtained tcount of 3,6920 and ttable of 1,6957. The results tcount> ttable, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The conclusion of this research was theexample non example model influenced student learning outcomes
Clinical and Economic Outcomes Associated With Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Standard of Care for Management of Postsurgical Pain in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery
Authors: Ballock Robert Tracy , Seif John , Goodwin Ryan , Lin Jennifer H. , Cirillo Jessica
Published: April 2021

Background: Approximately 60% of hospitalized children undergoing surgery experience at least 1 day of moderate-to-severe pain after surgery. Pain following spine surgery may affect opioid exposure, length of stay (LOS), and costs in hospitalized pediatric patients. This is a retrospective cohort analysis of pediatric patients undergoing inpatient primary spine surgery. Objectives: To examine the association of opioid-related and economic outcomes with postsurgical liposomal bupivacaine (LB) or non-LB analgesia in pediatric patients who received spine surgery. Methods: Premier Healthcare Database records (January 2015–September 2019) for patients aged 1–17 years undergoing inpatient primary spine surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Outcomes included in-hospital postsurgical opioid consumption (morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs]), opioid-related adverse events (ORAEs), LOS (days), and total hospital costs. A generalized linear model adjusting for baseline characteristics was used. Results: Among 10 189 pediatric patients, the LB cohort (n=373) consumed significantly fewer postsurgical opioids than the non-LB cohort (n=9816; adjusted MME ratio, 0.53 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45–0.61]; P<0.0001). LOS was significantly shorter in the LB versus non-LB cohort (adjusted rate ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.80–0.94]; P=0.0003). Hospital costs were significantly lower in the LB versus non-LB cohort overall (adjusted rate ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.86–0.99]; P=0.0227) mostly because of decreased LOS and central supply costs. ORAEs were not significantly different between groups (adjusted rate ratio, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.65–1.08]; P=0.1791). Discussion: LB analgesia was associated with shorter LOS and lower hospital costs compared with non-LB analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing spine surgery. The LB cohort had lower adjusted room and board and central supply costs than the non-LB cohort. These data suggest that treatment with LB might reduce hospital LOS and subsequently health-care costs, and additional cost savings outside the hospital room may factor into overall health-care cost savings. LB may reduce pain and the need for supplemental postsurgical opioids, thus reducing pain and opioid-associated expenses while improving patient satisfaction with postsurgical care. Conclusions: Pediatric patients undergoing spine surgery who received LB had significantly reduced in-hospital postsurgical opioid consumption, LOS, and hospital costs compared with those who did not.
OLHAR SOBRE O MERCADO DE CERVEJAS ESPECIAIS CAPIXABA: CARACTERÍSTICAS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICAS DOS EMPREENDEDORES
Authors: Bottacine Dalvi Eliza , Marin Bessa Lucas , Maciel Mattos de Oliveira Maíra
Published: April 2021

Na produção de cerveja nacional evidenciam-se as regiões Sul e Sudeste como as maiores produtoras, destacando-se, na região sudeste, o Espírito Santo (ES) por seu mercado em expansão. Contudo, apesar do crescimento registrado nos últimos anos, poucos são os estudos que descrevem características específicas do segmento de cervejas especiais. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo identificar o perfil dos empreendedores do mercado de cervejas especiais do estado do ES segundo características sociodemográficas. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado, com questões abertas e fechadas, elaborado por meio de um formulário eletrônico e aplicado em abril de 2018, visando caracterizar os empreendedores quanto à questões como: gênero, faixa etária, formação profissional, fonte de renda, tempo de atuação no setor e participação em cursos na área cervejeira e qual o motivo que levou-o a investir no ramo de cervejas especiais. Tenda em vista o objetivo da presente pesquisa em elaborar o perfil do empreendedor de cervejas especiais capixaba, tem-se que o mesmo pode ser caracterizado como do sexo masculino, casado, entre 32 e 38 anos, tem ensino superior, maioria formado na área de ciências humanas, já atuou em sua área de formação, atua de 2 a 4 anos no setor de cervejas, está em processo de formação continuada, tem renda de mais de 9 salários mínimos e possui outras fontes de renda, sendo a de empresário de outro ramo em sua maioria. Por fim, quanto a motivação para entrar no segmento, todos afirmaram ter sido por oportunidade de negócio.
Potensi Filtrat Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis) Sebagai Bioinsektisida Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica)
Authors: Yuanita Ani , . Ngadino , . Suprijandani
Published: April 2021

Flies is one type of Arthropod insect as a vector and carrier of disease. Control of flies by using chemical insecticides continuously results in resistance to flies and can pollute the environment. Another alternative that can be used is a plant insecticide that is derived from breadfruit leaf plants. Phytochemical results of breadfruit leaves have 1.88% Flavonoids, Saponins 2.26%, and Tanins 1.05%. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of breadfruit leaf filtrate as a bioinsecticide of house flies (Musca domestica).This type of research uses pure experiments with a post test only control group design with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, control and 5 replications. The number of house flies used was 375. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test.The results showed p 0.05 which means that there were differences in the average death of house flies by using various concentrations of each treatment. Probit test obtained Lethal Concentration (LC50) results at the first hour ie at a concentration of 5.189%, the 12th hour at a concentration of 3.930% and the 24th hour showed a concentration of 3.086%.Suggestions for other researchers can do the same research by comparing with other plants that contain active compounds that have the potential to kill house flies (Musca domestica). Other plants that have higher active compound content can be used as a recommendation for bio-degradable plant-based insecticides.