bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Diagnosis of Occult Osseous Injuries in Traumatic Knees
Authors: Mutlu Serhat , Mutlu Harun , Kömür Baran , Guler Olcay , Yucel Bulent , Parmaksızoğlu Atilla
Published: April 2015

Background :

Occult osseous knee injuries, such as bone bruises, can produce persistent pain and functional loss. Although bone bruises cannot be identified through direct examination or traditional radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as an effective diagnostic method. Nevertheless, the natural history of these injuries remains to be fully defined. Therefore, we used MRI to detect and follow bone bruise injuries secondary to knee trauma.

Methods :

We retrospectively reviewed knee MRIs from patients with bone bruising caused by trauma. Occult injuries were initially identified by MRI and subsequently rescanned for follow-up at 3 and 9 months. All patients underwent physical examinations, direct radiological imaging, and MRI.

Results :

Although direct radiographs showed no abnormalities, we used MRI to identify a total of 22 patients (age range: 19–42 years; mean: 28 years) with bone bruising. After 3 months, injuries remained detectable in 68.2% of the subjects, whereas 18.2% displayed bone bruising after 9 months. The majority of Type I lesions resolved spontaneously, whereas 80% of Type II injuries remained following 3 months, and 30% persisted at 9 months. Ligament and meniscal lesions were observed in 63.6% of patients with bone bruising and appeared to hinder recovery.

Conclusion :

Bone bruises generally resolved within 3 to 9 months in subjects with no soft tissue lesions and minor trauma. However, ligament and meniscal lesions were observed in the majority of patients, and these individuals required longer treatment and recuperation. Overall, these findings can contribute to improving the management of occult osseous knee injuries.
Developing a Model of Organic Food Choice Behavior
Authors: Suh Bo Won , Eves Anita , Lumbers Margaret
Published: April 2015

We investigated the purchase intentions of consumers with respect to organic food and identified the determinants of the relationship between intended and realized purchase behavior. We conducted 2 surveys with South Korean consumers and developed a new organic food choice behavior
model that reflects the relationship determinants. The factors affecting intention to purchase were evaluated using a survey based on the theory of planned behavior. Realized purchases were established through follow-up interviews with a subset (n = 20) of the participants who had completed
the original survey. The key influences on intention to purchase were, in descending order, consumer past experience, attitude, the subjective norm, trust, and perceived behavioral control. The determinants of actual purchase behavior were unexpected circumstances, living circumstances, and
price.
Primary Care Behavioral Health Model: Perspectives of Outcome, Client Satisfaction, and Gender
Authors: Angantyr Karin , Rimner Anna , Nordén Tommy , Norlander Torsten
Published: April 2015

We examined clients' satisfaction and gender differences in relation to the outcome parameters of the Primary Care Behavioral Health model of integrated care. The model has been shown to be effective in minimizing symptoms and increasing levels of functioning with regard to different
mental health concerns. Participants were 54 clients (22 men and 32 women) who received a psychology consultation in accordance with the model, at 1 of 3 primary care centers located in southwest Sweden. Results indicated minimized symptoms and increased levels of functioning and clients felt
a high degree of satisfaction with the consultations with the psychologists. There were no gender differences found regarding treatment results or satisfaction with the treatment.
Parental Involvement in Inclusive Education of Children with Special Educational Needs
Authors: Šukys Saulius , Dumčienė Audronė , Lapėnienė Dalia
Published: April 2015

We investigated the involvement in their children's education at home and at school of 170 parents (148 mothers, 22 fathers) of Lithuanian children with special educational needs. The children, aged 12–16 years, were receiving their schooling in an inclusive educational environment.
Participants completed measures of their perceptions of parental involvement with their child's schoolwork and with teachers, and of teacher involvement with parents. We found that 68.8% of the parents were able to identify their child's specific learning problem, and that just over half were
involved in the education process at home. Further, one-third of the parents perceived that they were equal partners when communicating with teachers, and more highly educated parents devoted more time to communicating with their children than did parents with a lower level of education.
Impact of Impulsive Buying Behavior on Postimpulsive Buying Satisfaction
Authors: Li Yalin
Published: April 2015

I investigated how impulsive buying behavior affects postimpulsive buying satisfaction through the mediator of mixed emotion response and the moderator product type. I collected data using the survey method and used independent samples t tests, two-way analyses of variance, and
linear regression to analyze the 243 valid questionnaires. The results showed that impulsive buying behavior has a direct effect on mixed emotion response and affects the consumers' postimpulsive buying satisfaction through mixed emotion response. Moreover, the product type has regulatory
effects. Research limitations and implications for theory and management are discussed.
Magnetocaloric effect in Sr2FeMoO6/Ag composites
Authors: Hamad Mahmoud
Published: April 2015

The enhanced low-field magnetocaloric effect was investigated for double
perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 - silver (SFMO/Ag) composites with 0, 5 and 10 wt.% of
Ag. A phenomenological model was used to predict magnetocaloric properties of
SFMO/Ag composites, such as magnetic entropy change, heat capacity change and
relative cooling power. It was shown that magnetic entropy change (?S M)
peaks of SFMO/Ag span over a wide temperature region, which can significantly
improve the global efficiency of the magnetic refrigeration. Furthermore, the
?S M distribution of the SFMO/Ag composites is much more uniform than that of
gadolinium. Through these results, SFMO/Ag composite has some potential
application for magnetic refrigerants in an extended high-temperature range.
I-V measurements of Ge-Se-Sn chalcogenide glassy alloys
Authors: Kumari Vandana , Kaswan Anusaiya , Patidar Dinesh , Saxena Narendra , Sharma Kananbala
Published: April 2015

Current-voltage characteristics and DC electrical conductivity were studied
for Ge30-xSe70Snx (x = 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20) glassy thin pellets of diameter
12mm and thickness 1mm prepared under a constant load of 5 tons using a
well-known melt quenching technique in bulk as a function of composition. The
I-V characteristics were recorded at room temperature as well as elevated
temperatures up to 300?C. The experimental data suggests that glass
containing 20 at.% of Sn has the minimum resistance allowing maximum current
through the sample as compared to other counterparts of the series.
Therefore, DC conductivity is found to increase with increasing Sn
concentration. Composition dependence of DC conductivity is discussed in
terms of the bonding between Se and Sn. Plots between ln I and V1/2 provide
linear relationship for both low and high voltage range. These results have
been explained through the Pool-Frenkel mechanism. The I-V characteristics
show ohmic behaviour in the low voltage range and this behaviour turns to
non-ohmic from ohmic in the higher voltage range due to voltage induced
temperature effects.
Ultrasonographic anatomy of bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)
Authors: Bucy Daniel S. , Guzman David Sanchez-Migallon , Zwingenberger Allison L.
Published: April 2015

Objective—To determine which organs can be reliably visualized ultrasonographically in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), describe their normal ultrasonographic appearance, and describe an ultrasonographic technique for use with this species.

Design—Cross-sectional study.

Animals—14 healthy bearded dragons (6 females and 8 males).

Procedures—Bearded dragons were manually restrained in dorsal and sternal recumbency, and coelomic organs were evaluated by use of linear 7- to 15-MHz and microconvex 5- to 8-MHz transducers. Visibility, size, echogenicity, and ultrasound transducer position were assessed for each organ.

Results—Coelomic ultrasonography with both microconvex and linear ultrasound transducers allowed for visualization of the heart, pleural surface of the lungs, liver, caudal vena cava, aorta, ventral abdominal vein, gallbladder, fat bodies, gastric fundus, cecum, colon, cloaca, kidneys, and testes or ovaries in all animals. The pylorus was visualized in 12 of 14 animals. The small intestinal loops were visualized in 12 of 14 animals with the linear transducer, but could not be reliably identified with the microconvex transducer. The hemipenes were visualized in 7 of 8 males. The adrenal glands and spleen were not identified in any animal. Anechoic free coelomic fluid was present in 11 of 14 animals. Heart width, heart length, ventricular wall thickness, gastric fundus wall thickness, and height of the caudal poles of the kidneys were positively associated with body weight. Testis width was negatively associated with body weight in males.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated coelomic ultrasonography is a potentially valuable imaging modality for assessment of most organs in bearded dragons and can be performed in unsedated animals.
Evaluation of annual survival and mortality rates and longevity of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at the United States Navy Marine Mammal Program from 2004 through 2013
Authors: Venn-Watson Stephanie K. , Jensen Eric D. , Smith Cynthia R. , Xitco Mark , Ridgway Sam H.
Published: April 2015

Objective—To evaluate annual survival and mortality rates and the longevity of a managed population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).

Design—Retrospective cohort study.

Animals—103 bottlenose dolphins at the US Navy Marine Mammal Program (MMP).

Procedures—Population age structures, annual survival and crude mortality rates, and median age at death for dolphins > 30 days old were determined from 2004 through 2013.

Results—During 2004 through 2013, the annual survival rates for MMP dolphins ranged from 0.98 to 1.0, and the annual crude mortality rates ranged from 0% to 5%, with a mean of 2.7%. The median age at death was 30.1 years from 2004 through 2008 and increased to 32 years from 2009 through 2013. The maximum age for a dolphin in the study was 52 years.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that the annual mortality rates were low and survival rates were high for dolphins in the MMP from 2004 through 2013 and that the median age at death for MMP dolphins during that time was over 10 years greater than that reported in free-ranging dolphins. These findings were likely attributable to the continually improving care and husbandry of managed dolphin populations.
Acoustic Study of REpower MM92 Wind Turbines During Exploitation
Authors: Kłaczyński Maciej , Wszołek Tadeusz
Published: April 2015

The paper presents the current state of knowledge concerning the sources of noise generated by wind turbines, force measurement methodology, and assessment of noise onerousness in this type of installation, on the basis of a study concerning a wind farm with five REpower MM92 wind turbines and the electric power of 2 MW and the sound power level of 104.2 dB(A) each. Particular attention was focused on the often discussed problem of presence of infrasound generated by turbines and on the requirements of the applicable reference methodologies for the measurement of wind speed to 5 m/s, while the turbine reaches its full power at speeds above 10 m/s.
A Versatile Model of Nonlinear Electrodynamic Loudspeaker Co-Operating with the Amplifier Designed by Way of Advanced Software
Authors: Erza Mehran , Gaviot Etienne , Lemarquand Guy , Tournier Pascal , Camberlein Lionel , Durand Stephane , Polet Frederic
Published: April 2015

Sound processing with loudspeaker driving depends critically on high quality electroacoustic transducers together with their relevant amplifiers. In this paper, the nonlinear effects of electrodynamic loudspeakers are investigated as regard the influence of the changes of their main descriptive parameters values. Indeed, while being operated nonlinear effects observed with loudspeakers are due to changes of such constitutive parameters. Regarding either current or voltage-drive, an original model based on Simulink R is presented, taking account of all the electrical and mechanical properties closely associated with nonlinear behaviours. Moreover, as such a Simulink R model may be combined with the PSpice R advanced software, the behaviour of both loudspeaker and amplifier can be exhaustively investigated and optimized. To this end, the amplifier is simulated thanks to the Orcad-Capture-PSpiceR software prior to match with the loudspeaker model with the so-called SLPS co-simulator. Then, values of the current flowing through the loudspeaker can be determined and plotted considering voltage controlling. Obviously in this case current-drive has not to be assessed. This way to proceed allows us to highlight any critical information especially due to the voice coil displacement, yielded velocity, and acceleration of the diaphragm. Indeed our approach testifies to the imperative necessity of mechanical measurements together with electrical ones. Then, considering a given amplifier-loudspeaker association with specific parameters changes of the latter, the entailed nonlinear distortion allows us to qualify and criticize the whole design. Such an original approach should be most valuable so as to match the best fitted amplifier with a given electrodynamic loudspeaker. Then non linear effects due to voltage and current-drive are compared highlighting the advantages of an apt currentcontroled policy.
Effect of Bass Bar Tension on Modal Parameters of a Violin's Top Plate
Authors: Skrodzka Ewa B. , Linde Bogumił B.J. , Krupa Antoni
Published: April 2015

Experimental modal analysis of a violin with three different tensions of a bass bar has been performed. The bass bar tension is the only intentionally introduced modification of the instrument. The aim of the study was to find differences and similarities between top plate modal parameters determined by a bass bar perfectly fitting the shape of the top plate, the bass bar with a tension usually applied by luthiers (normal), and the tension higher than the normal value. In the modal analysis four signature modes are taken into account. Bass bar tension does not change the sequence of mode shapes. Changes in modal damping are insignificant. An increase in bass bar tension causes an increase in modal frequencies A0 and B(1+) and does not change the frequencies of modes CBR and B(1-).
Chronicle: 42nd Winter School on Vibroacoustical Hazards Suppressions Szczyrk, Poland, March 3 – 7, 2014
Authors: Bukowski Roman
Published: April 2015

Traditionally, the 42nd Winter School on Vibroacoustical Hazards Suppressions national conference is organized by Upper Silesian Division of the Polish Acoustical Society. The conference again is organized in Szczyrk. As at previous year, the conference has two co-organizers, i.e. Institute of Physics – Science-Didactic Center at the Silesian University of Technology and the Committee of Acoustics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The conference is a forum for all environmental vibroacoustic fields. Particularly it concerns traffic noise, industry noise, vibroacoustics of machines, room acoustics, building acoustics, noise protection and similar problems. Works which are presented during the School are theoretical, experimental, measuring, technical, applied and normative. The School lectures and other conference materials will be published in the “Materials of the XLII Winter School on Vibroacoustical Hazards Suppressions” (in Polish) edited by dr. Roman Bukowski. This publication will be intended for participants of the School and for many libraries in Poland. Other information about the 42nd WS on VHS you can find on our website http://ogpta.pols.pl/szzzw
Underwater Acoustic Imaging of the Sea
Authors: Grelowska Grażyna , Kozaczka Eugeniusz
Published: April 2015

Acoustic waves are a carrier of information mainly in environments where the use of other types of waves, for example electromagnetic waves, is limited. The term acoustical imaging is widely used in the ultrasonic engineering to imaging areas in which the acoustic waves propagate. In particular, ultrasound is widely used in the visualization of human organs-ultrasonography (Nowicki, 2010).

Expanding the concept, acoustical imaging can also be used to presentation (monitoring) the current state of sound intensity distribution leading to characterization of sources in observed underwater region.

This can be represented in the form of an acoustic characteristic of the area, for example as a spectrogram. Knowledge of the underwater world which is built by analogy to the perception of the space on the Earth's surface is to be systematize in the form of images. Those images arise as a result of graphical representation of processed acoustic signals.

In this paper, it is explained why acoustic waves are used in underwater imaging. Furthermore, the passive and active systems for underwater observation are presented. The paper is illustrated by acoustic images, most of them originated from our own investigation.
Follow That Tune-Adaptive Approach to DTW-based Query-by-Humming System
Authors: Stasiak Bartłomiej
Published: April 2015

Dynamic Time Warping is a standard algorithm used for matching time series irrespective of local tempo variations. Its application in the context of Query-by-Humming interface to multimedia databases requires providing the transposition independence, which involves some additional, sometimes computationally expensive processing and may not guarantee the success, e.g., in the presence of a pitch trend or accidental key changes.

The method of tune following, proposed in this paper, enables solving the pitch alignment problem in an adaptive way inspired by the human ability of ignoring typical errors occurring in sung melodies. The experimental validation performed on the database containing 4431 queries and over 5000 templates confirmed the enhancement introduced by the proposed algorithm in terms of the global recognition rate.
Ultrasonic Mammography with Circular Transducer Array
Authors: Opieliński Krzysztof J. , Pruchnicki Piotr , Gudra Tadeusz
Published: April 2015

Ultrasonic projection imaging is similar to X-ray radiography. Nowadays, ultrasonic projection methods have been developed in the set-up of multi-element flat arrays with miniature transducers, where one of the array acts as a transmitter and the other one is a receiver.

In the paper, a new method of the projection imaging using a 1024-element circular ultrasonic transducer array is presented. It allows the choice of a projection scanning plane for any angle around a studied object submerged in water. Fast acquisition of measurement data is achieved as a result of parallel switching of opposite transmitting and receiving transducers in the circular array and vertical movement of the array. The algorithm equalizing the length of measurement rays and the distances between them was elaborated for the reconstruction of projection images.

Projection research results of breast phantom obtained by means of the elaborated measurement set-up and compared with mammography simulations (acquired through overlapping of X-ray tomographic images) show that ultrasonic projection method presented in this paper (so-called ultrasonic mammogra-phy) can be applied to the woman's breast and be used as a diagnosis for an early detection of cancerous lesions. It can, most of all, be used as an alternative or complementary method to standard mammography, which is harmful because of ionizing radiation and invasive due to the mechanical compression of tissue.
Circular Radon Transform Inversion Technique in Synthetic Aperture Ultrasound Imaging: an Ultrasound Phantom Evaluation
Authors: Tasinkevych Jurij , Trots Ihor
Published: April 2015

The paper presents an overview of theoretical aspects of ultrasound image reconstruction techniques based on the circular Radon transform inversion. Their potential application in ultrasonography in a similar way as it was successfully done in the x-ray computer tomography is demonstrated. The methods employing Radon transform were previously extensively explored in the synthetic aperture radars, geophysics, and medical imaging using x-ray computer tomography. In this paper the main attention is paid to the ultrasound imaging employing monostatic transmit-receive configuration. Specifically, a single transmit and receive omnidirectional source placed at the same spatial location is used for generation of a wide-band ultrasound pulse and detection of back-scattered waves. The paper presents derivation of the closed-form solution of the CRT inversion algorithms by two different approaches: the range-migration algorithm (RMA) and the deconvolution algorithm (DA). Experimentally determined data of ultrasound phantom obtained using a 32-element 5 MHz linear transducer array with 0.48 mm element pitch and 0.36 mm element width and 5 mm height, excited by a 2 sine cycles burst pulse are used for comparison of images reconstructed by the RMA, DA, and conventional synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). It is demonstrated that both the RMA and SAFT allow better lateral resolution and visualization depth to be achieved as compared to the DA approach. Comparison of the results obtained by the RMA method and the SAFT indicates slight improvement of the lateral resolution for the SAFT of approximately 1.5 and 1.6% at the depth of 12 and 32 mm, respectively. Concurrently, however, the visualization depth increase for the RMA is shown in comparison with the SAFT. Specifically, the scattered echo amplitude increase by the factor of 1.36 and 1.12 at the depth of 22 and 32 mm is demonstrated. It is also shown that the RMA runs about 30% faster than the SAFT and about 12% faster than the DA method
The Acoustics of the Catacombs
Authors: Iannace Gino , Trematerra Amelia , Qandil Ahmad
Published: April 2015

The catacombs are underground places. This paper reports the results of acoustic measurements carried out inside the catacombs of “San Gennaro” (Naples) and in those one of “San Callisto” (Rome). Originally the catacombs were also used to perform sacred functions, although we don't know the type of these functions i.e. if they were spoken, sung or performed as psalms. This paper presents acoustic measurements carried out in catacombs using the impulse response method, and by the analysis of the monaural acoustic parameters, (T30, EDT, C80, D50 and STI), the authors intend to understand the type of religious ceremony performed in the catacombs. If the catacombs had been reverberant places, they could not have been used for prayers because the echoes would have created difficulties in concentration and meditation for the devotees due to the poor speech comprehension.
Platinum(IV) Carboxylate Prodrug Complexes as Versatile Platforms for Targeted Chemotherapy
Authors: Ong Jun Xiang , Yap Siew Qi , Wong Daniel Yuan Qiang , Chin Chee Fei , Ang Wee Han
Published: April 2015

Kinetically-inert Pt(IV) carboxylate complexes have emerged in recent years as candidates for the development of next-generation platinum anticancer drugs. Being native prodrugs of clinically-important Pt(II) chemotherapeutic agents, the Pt(IV) scaffold can be exploited to incorporate
additional functionalities while keeping the Pt(II) pharmacophore intact. This mini-review examines recent work performed to illuminate the mechanism of Pt(IV) prodrug activation and their use as versatile platforms for targeted chemotherapy.
Valorization of Renewable Carbon Resources for Chemicals
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Bin , Wang Yunzhu , Yan Ning
Published: April 2015

The overuse of fossil fuels has caused an energy crisis and associated environment issues. It is desirable to utilize renewable resources for the production of chemicals. This review mainly introduces our recent work on the transformation of renewable carbon resources including the
conversion of cellulose, lignin, and chitin into sustainable chemicals. Various transformation routes have been established to form value-added chemicals, and accordingly a variety of effective catalytic systems have been developed, either based on metal catalysis and/or acid-base catalysis, to enable the desired transformation.
Electrocatalysts for the Selective Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Useful Products
Authors: Ren Dan , Huang Yun , Yeo Boon Siang
Published: April 2015

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to hydrocarbons and alcohols holds great promise as a sustainable and green method to produce valuable carbon fuels. In this work, we review the catalysts used in the selective reduction of CO2 to formate, carbon monoxide, methane and ethylene.
Evolving P450pyr Monooxygenase for Regio- and Stereoselective Hydroxylations
Authors: Yang Yi , Li Zhi
Published: April 2015

P450pyr monooxygenase from Sphingomonas sp. HXN-200 catalysed the regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation at a non-activated carbon atom, a useful but challenging reaction in classic chemistry, with unique substrate specificity for a number of alicyclic compounds. New
P450pyr mutants were developed by directed evolution with improved catalytic performance, thus significantly extending the application of the P450pyr monooxygenase family in biohydroxylation to prepare useful and valuable chiral alcohols. Directed evolution of P450pyr created new enzymes with
improved S-enantioselectivity or R-enantioselectivity for the hydroxylation of N-benzyl pyrrolidine, enhanced regioselectivity for the hydroxylation of N-benzyl pyrrolidinone, and increased enantioselectivity for the hydroxylation of N-benzyl piperidinone,
respectively. Directed evolution of P450pyr generated also mutants with fully altered regioselectivity (from terminal to subterminal) and newly created excellent S-enantioselectivity for the biohydroxylation of n-octane and propylbenzene, respectively, providing new opportunities
for the regio- and enantioselective alkane functionalization. New P450pyr mutants were engineered as the first catalyst for highly selective terminal hydroxylation of n-butanol to 1,4-butanediol. Several novel, accurate, sensitive, simple, and HTS assays based on colorimetric or MS
detection for measuring the enantio- and/or regioselectivity of hydroxylation were developed and proven to be practical in directed evolution. The P450pyr X-ray structure was obtained and used to guide the evolution. In silico modelling and substrate docking provided some insight into
the influence of several important amino acid mutations of the engineered P450pyr mutants on the altered or enhanced regio- and enantioselectivity as well as new substrate acceptance. The obtained information and knowledge is useful for further engineering of P450pyr for other hydroxylations and oxidations.
The Effectiveness of an Early-Grade Literacy Intervention on the Cognitive Achievement of Brazilian Students
Authors: Costa Leandro Oliveira , Carnoy Martin
Published: April 2015

Beginning in 2007, the Literacy Program at the Right Age (Pacto pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa [PAIC]) in Brazil’s Ceará state required municipal schools to implement a tiered, whole-school early-grade literacy intervention. This intervention was complemented by other policies to help municipalities improve student achievement. The present study identifies PAIC’s impact using a triple-difference analysis (Difference-in-Difference-in-Difference [DDD] approach) that relies on comparisons of the test-score changes in Ceará and bordering states and for grades and schools treated and not treated by the literacy program since 2007. The results show that PAIC had a positive effect on student achievement in both Portuguese and mathematics, but that it did not help reduce the gap between students who had or had not participated in early childhood education.
Effectiveness of Four Instructional Programs Designed to Serve English Learners
Authors: Valentino Rachel A. , Reardon Sean F.
Published: April 2015

This article investigates the differences in academic achievement trajectories from elementary through middle school among English Learner (EL) students in four different instructional programs: English Immersion (EI), Transitional Bilingual (TB), Developmental Bilingual (DB), and Dual Immersion (DI). Comparing students with the same parental preferences but who attend different programs, we find that the English Language Arts (ELA) test scores of ELs in all bilingual programs grow at least as fast as, if not faster than, those in EI. The same is generally true of math, with the exception of DB programs, where average student scores grow more slowly than those of students in EI. Furthermore, Latino ELs perform better longitudinally in both subjects when in bilingual programs than their Chinese EL counterparts. We find no differences in program effectiveness by ELs’ initial English proficiency.
Patterns of Psychiatric Illness over 3 years: A single Centre Inpatient Study From Nepal
Authors: Dhungana S , Chapagai M , Tulachan P , Ojha S P
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Inpatient psychiatric patients are a major group of our treatment domain and they are different from outpatients in certain characteristics. In this study, we assessed the patterns of psychiatric illnesses along with socio-demographic variables in patients admitted in a psychiatry ward of a tertiary hospital over three consecutive years.Methods: This is a retrospective review of all patients admitted in psychiatry ward Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital over a three year period between 2067 Baisakh to 2069 Chaitra (2010 April to 2013 April) by reviewing in-patient admission charts from medical records section of the hospital. Descriptive analysis was done by using SPSS version 19; Chicago, IL, with p value of <0.05 being considered statistically significant.  Results: There were a total of 881 patients admitted in the psychiatry ward during the study period (281 patients in 2067, 303 in 2068 and 297 in 2069). Patients in the age group of 20-30 years comprised the majority (n=295; 33.5%) of the total population followed by age group 10-20 years (n=239; 27.1%). Males constituted 50.3% of the total patients. Most of the patients belonged to the central developmental region (n=580; 65.8%). Brahmins comprised the majority (n=374; 42.5%) and 98.8% of the patients were Hindus. The most common diagnosis was schizophrenia and related disorders (25.5%) followed by acute and transient psychotic disorders, ATPD (14.4%). Majority of the patients (n=422; 47.9%) had hospital stay duration of 7-14 days. About 98% of patients were discharged with no cases of mortality over three years studied. Overall trend in those three years was similar except for ethnicity, diagnosis, and duration of stay (p≤0.001).Conclusion: We conclude that schizophrenia and related disorders were the most common diagnosis and 20- 30 years age group was the most commonly afflicted age- group among psychiatry inpatients. This adds insight to our understanding of predominant psychiatric illness in inpatients and how they differ from outpatients aiding in scaling of services in inpatients.J Psychiatric Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.2, 2014, pp:15-19DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12382
Psychiatric Caseness and its Obstetric Correlates in Pregnant Population Attending Antenatal Clinic in TUTH
Authors: Regmee J , Ojha S P , Chapagain M , Tulachan P , Ojha N
Published: April 2015

Background: Prevalence rates for psychiatric disorders during pregnancy have been found to range from 6-13%. Psychiatric caseness during pregnancy not only affects the mother but also affects the health and development of the child. Various factors have been found to be associated with psychiatric caseness in different cultural and social settings including obstetric history. Objective: To evaluate the relation of obstetric history in pregnant population with psychiatric caseness.Methods: This is a cross sectional study with a total of 300 sample collected within 6 months in antenatal clinic of obstetric OPD, TUTH using semi-structured proforma and SRQ-24. Results: 15% of the pregnant women could be labeled as psychiatric cases. Trimester and, complication during current pregnancy showed statistically significant association with psychiatric caseness. Conclusion: As 15% of pregnant ANC attendees were found to be having psychiatric illness, it can be recommended that pregnant females be routinely screened for the possibility of psychiatric caseness especially if it is the first trimester or complication during this pregnancy is noted.J Psychiatric Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.2, 2014, pp:20-24DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12383
A Case of Psychogenic Belching
Authors: Sharma P , Sharma P P , Chaudhary D P , Bastola P
Published: April 2015

Belching is the act of expelling air from the stomach through the mouth. It usually occurs when the stomach distends (expands) due to too much swallowed air, with the belching releasing the air to reduce the distention. We report here a case of psychogenic belching who was referred to psychiatry department after 3 months of her symptoms who responded to treatment quite effectively.J Psychiatric Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.2, 2014, pp: 48-49DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12395
Bipolar Disorder and Wilson’s Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Bhagat S , Nepal H , Verma A K
Published: April 2015

Wilson’s disease is an uncommon inherited disorder characterized by low serum ceruloplasmin levels, hypercupriuria and Kayser-Fleischer rings. Here we describe the case of a young boy who presented with symptoms of bipolar depression along with bilateral hand tremors. He was started with Quetiapine but symptoms did not improve. Investigations revealed cirrhotic changes of liver, low serum ceruloplasmin levels, presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings. The diagnosis of Wilson’s disease was confirmed by high 24hr. urinary copper levels. Bipolar symptoms improved after 7 months of initiation of oral penicillamine treatment.J Psychiatric Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.2, 2014, pp: 50-52DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12399
Nouvelles normativités de la famille : la garde partagée au Québec, en France et en Belgique
Authors: Côté Denyse , Gaborean Florina
Published: April 2015

Cet article porte sur les réformes récentes effectuées en France, en Belgique et au Québec en matière de résidence alternée, d'hébergement égalitaire et de garde physique partagée. Quelles en sont les configurations ? Comment expliquer qu'elles tendent vers le même modèle de reconstruction de l'institution familiale ? Quels sont les impacts des réformes mises en place et quelles normativités sous-tendent-elles ? Une étude de cas multi-site a été réalisée en faisant appel à des sources primaires et secondaires diverses : analyse des nouvelles dispositions législatives et administratives, analyse des études sur la question parues dans les trois juridictions civilistes, entrevues qualitatives auprès de parents, de médiateurs et de juristes québécois. Dans les trois juridictions étudiées, l'idéal de l'égalité et de l'individuation au sein de la cellule familiale hétérosexuelle a été matérialisé en termes de garde physique partagée et celle-ci, à son tour, a été transposée en termes de droit, précédant ainsi les changements sociaux et familiaux. Il s'agit ici de la première étude comparative de cet ordre ayant pour objet les transformations sociales liées à la garde partagée.
Surface-induced oxidation kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of 2-D carbon fabric in different oxidative environments
Authors: Prakash Jyoti , Dasgupta Kinshuk , Kumar Brij , Chakravartty J. K.
Published: April 2015

The oxidation kinetics of a 2-D carbon fabric were studied in both an air and a pure oxygen environment. A simple approach using non-isothermal thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry was used. The results showed that the non-isothermal oxidation process of the carbon fabric exhibited self-catalytic characteristics in both environments. The oxidation mechanism and kinetic parameters were analyzed with differential and integral models. Evidence indicated that the oxidation process was a surface-induced phenomenon. The oxidation mechanism in oxygen environment was controlled by random nucleation, whereas in the case of air environment it was phase boundary reaction controlled. Different oxidation mechanisms and their correlations with kinetic parameters have been discussed in detail.
Former dynamic behaviour of a cold-based valley glacier on Svalbard revealed by basal ice and structural glaciology investigations
Authors: Lovell Harold , Fleming Edward J. , Benn Douglas I. , Hubbard Bryn , Lukas Sven , Naegeli Kathrin
Published: April 2015

Large numbers of small valley glaciers on Svalbard were thicker and more extensive during the Little Ice Age (LIA), demonstrated by prominent ice-cored moraines up to several kilometres beyond present-day margins. The majority of these glaciers have since experienced a long period of strongly negative mass balance during the 20th century and are now largely frozen to their beds, indicating they are likely to have undergone a thermal transition from a polythermal to a cold-based regime. We present evidence for such a switch by reconstructing the former flow dynamics and thermal regime of Tellbreen, a small cold-based valley glacier in central Spitsbergen, based on its basal sequence and glaciological structures. Within the basal sequence, the underlying matrix-supported diamict is interpreted as saturated subglacial traction till which has frozen at the bed, indicating that the thermal switch has resulted in a cessation of subglacial sediment deformation due to freezing of the former deforming layer. This is overlain by debris-poor dispersed facies ice, interpreted to have formed through strain-induced metamorphism of englacial ice. The sequential development of structures includes arcuate fracture traces, interpreted as shear planes formed in a compressive/transpressive stress regime; and fracture traces, interpreted as healed extensional crevasses. The formation of these sediment/ice facies and structures is indicative of dynamic, warm-based flow, most likely during the LIA when the glacier was significantly thicker.
Letters from Tunisia: Darwish and the Palestinian State of Mind
Authors: Brennan Timothy
Published: April 2015

In this timely and engaged contemplation of the ‘Palestinian state of mind’, Timothy Brennan takes his cue from a personal experience of the imperviousness of liberal interdisciplinary academia in ‘parochial America’ towards Arab and Islamic culture. This leads to a longer reflection on the persistent network of Western power today, which, having mediated the recent Arab uprisings to its own ends, continues to sustain in myriad forms an oppressive order that cripples the Palestinian effort towards self-determination. In incisive readings of poems by two seminal Palestinian poets, Mahmoud Darwish and Mourid Barghouti, Brennan explores the fraught distance between the sense of ‘crushing understatement’ in these works: an emotional tenor that is inherently premised both on its readers’ will to honour its meanings and its embattled operation within, in Brennan's words, ‘the disarticulation of a people’. In this light, Brennan's essay moves to address the unintended ironies inherent in the term ‘postcolonialist critique’ as it encompasses ‘the metallic reality of an extravagant contemporary colonialism’. He criticises the complicity of postcolonial studies in exacerbating rather than facilitating ‘the difficulty of reading peripheral value’, as well as its entrenched reluctance to interrogate imperialism. In the final part of his essay, Brennan advocates attunement to the political address of the aesthetics of the periphery. This as an exercise that, in refusing to rely on the tropes of a compromised literary modernism, seeks to access that ‘very physical presence of the bodies of a collectivity in speech’ within the literature of the periphery that – like the Palestinian state of mind itself – has been hitherto disparaged by Eurocentric protocols of reading. In the process, and throughout, the paper provides ample reflection on the affinities between the countertextual and critical practice within postcolonial studies.
The Work of Treason in the Age of User-Generated Content Revolution
Authors: Anidjar Gil
Published: April 2015

Gil Anidjar's essay reflects upon the occurrence of revolution in the context of user-generated content: as a self-promulgating and, purportedly, instantly consumable spectacle of power. Anidjar discusses the ‘seeming collapse’ of the temporal distance between the event and its narrative, its actor and its spectator, its survivor and its witness. Drawing on the valuation of spectatorship, in Immanuel Kant's insights on the French revolution, as embodying the significance of the event itself, and invoking the inherent element of ‘danger’ Kant perceived in the act of public utterance of judgment on the event, Anidjar suggests that such judgment may only, in Kantian terms, be responsibly pronounced in the immediate wake of the event as a manifestation of ‘treason’. To seek to endow the revolutionary effort with the urgency of fame will be a necessarily premature gesture, and the shortening of the distance between the event and its judgment an impossible exercise, Anidjar argues, since ‘we have not been granted the power to decide, much less to know whether, by our actions or reactions, we are betraying ourselves or our people or state, or whether we might be bringing about the faithful redemption of that which that people or that state of ours should already have been.’
Une Vierge tournaisienne à Arbois (Jura) et le problème des Vierges de Hal. Contribution à la chronologie et à la typologie
Authors: Didier Robert , Henss Michael , Schmoll-Eisenwerth Joseph Adolf
Published: April 2015

L'église Saint-Just d'Arbois conserve une Vierge à l'Enfant qui, par son style, est étrangère au Jura. Par sa typologie, son style et son iconographie, elle peut être considérée comme une importante et remarquable sculpture tournaisienne offerte par l'évêque de Tournai, Philippe d'Arbois, vers 1375. Des comparaisons permettent d'établir que les Vierges des portails sud (vers 1380-1390) et nord (1400-1410) de Hal (Belgique) sont également tournaisiennes. Dérivant de la Sainte Catherine de Courtrai, attribuée à Beauneveu, les Vierges d'Arbois et de Hal sont des œuvres essentielles des ateliers tournaisiens dont la production ne se limite pas aux bas-reliefs funéraires reflétant des sculptures monumentales. Autour des Vierges d'Arbois et de Hal, on peut grouper une série d'œuvres pour lesquelles une chronologie est proposée. Ce groupe illustre aussi l'évolution de la sculpture dans la seconde moitié du xive siècle.
Experimental determination of the light-trapping-induced absorption enhancement factor in DSSC photoanodes
Authors: Gagliardi Serena , Falconieri Mauro
Published: April 2015

For dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), the fundamental process that determines the maximum short-circuit current is the absorption of light. In such devices, this is produced by the concurrent phenomena of light absorption by dye molecules and light trapping in the mesoporous, titania photoanode structure. The decoupling of these two phenomena is important for device characterization and the design of novel photoelectrode geometries with increased optical performance. In this paper, this task is addressed by introducing a spectral absorption enhancement factor as a parameter to quantify the light trapping effect. The experimental value of this parameter was obtained by comparing the experimentally determined fraction of absorbed light by a dye-sensitized photoanode with the light absorbed by the dye without the mesoporous titania structure. In order to gain more insight from this result, the fraction of light absorbed in the photoanode (on the basis of the dye loading capacity of the titania nanospheres) was also calculated by an optical model for the two extreme cases of the absence of light trapping and maximum light trapping. Accordingly, the photocurrent was calculated under the assumption of solar irradiation, which defined two useful boundaries. Using the experimentally derived values of the spectral absorption enhancement factor in the photoanode optical model, the DSSC short-circuit current can be calculated with good agreement with the value measured in practical devices based on the same photoanode structures. Therefore, our approach provides a realistic description of a practical device and can be exploited as an useful tool to assess the optical functionality of novel photoanode structures.
Ruthenium-catalyzed C–H activation of thioxanthones
Authors: Wagner Danny , Bräse Stefan
Published: April 2015

Thioxanthones – being readily available in one step from thiosalicylic acid and arenes – were used in ruthenium-catalyzed C–H-activation reaction to produce 1-mono- or 1,8-disubstituted thioxanthones in good to excellent yields. Scope and limitation of this reaction are presented.
HOUSING MARKET DIFFERENTIATION: THE CASES OF YENIMAHALLE AND ÇANKAYA IN ANKARA
Authors: ALKAN Leyla
Published: April 2015

This study aims to investigate housing market differentiation, drawing upon the results of case studies of the Çankaya and Yenimahalle districts that adopt a set of statistical techniques. As a first step, a cluster analysis is carried out to identify whether identifiable clusters of housing attributes exist on the basis of neighborhoods. Next, a Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) is applied to investigate the differences between clusters, and to understand which housing attributes contribute most to submarket separation. Finally, a hedonic price analysis is conducted for each cluster and for the overall market to identify price differences in the housing market. The results of the study support the hypothesis that the housing market is segmented in Yenimahalle and Çankaya, and that location is the main determining factor in this segmented structure of different house values. The study also reveals that within this segmented structure, each cluster has its own dynamics, and that the price formation in each cluster is dependent on different variables.
MONETARY LIQUIDITY AND THE BUBBLES IN THE U.S. HOUSING MARKET
Authors: TSAI I-Chun
Published: April 2015

Extant studies indicate that the excessive easing of monetary supplies can result in surplus liquidity, which can consequently facilitate the formation of asset bubbles. This study references data on house prices in the U.S. from January 1991 to August 2012 to explore the correlations between monetary liquidity and house price bubbles in the U.S. housing market. Fluctuations in house prices are classified as related to either fundamentals (the mean reversion behavior and responses to information of the current period) or bubbles (self-related behavior). Results show a significant correlation between the formation of housing bubbles and monetary supplies. Long-term easing of monetary supplies can cause housing marketing returns to deviate from fundamentals, which then results in an increase in continuous fluctuations in house prices and the likelihood of the formation of house price bubbles.