bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PELATIHAN, KOMPETENSI, DISIPLIN KERJA, KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL, DAN STRES KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA
Authors: Ratnasari Sri Langgeng , Sinaga Elida Putri , Hadi Moch Aminudin
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh pelatihan, kompetensi, disiplin kerja, komitmen organisasional, dan stres kerja terhadap kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara secara parsial dan simultan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah Aparatur Sipil Negara RSUD Embung Fatimah Batam sebanyak 237 orang. Sampel terdiri dari 70 responden yang diambil dengan rumus Slovin dengan metode random sampling. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuisioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda dengan menggunakan program SPSS 26. Hasil penelitian pelatihan berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara, kompetensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara, disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara, komitmen organisasional berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara, dan stres kerja berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara. Pelatihan, Kompetensi, Disiplin Kerja, Komitmen Organisasional, dan Stres Kerja secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA, KOMUNIKASI, MOTIVASI KERJA, DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Agustriani Ririn , Ratnasari Sri Langgeng , Zamora Ramon
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh disiplin kerja, komunikasi, motivasi kerja, dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Bahtera Bahari Shipyard. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 160 orang karyawan, dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin sehingga mendapatkan responden berjumlah 114 orang karyawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, komunikasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Disiplin kerja, komunikasi, motivasi kerja dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Bahtera Bahari Shipyard.
Undernutrition in children: features of clinical manifestations and food intake
Authors: Keleinikova A. V. , Taran N. N. , Titova O. N. , Dremucheva T. A. , Strokova T. V.
Published: September 2022

Undernutrition in children is an important problem of health care due to negative impact on the development of an organism and increase of global morbidity and mortality..

Objective. To assess the clinical manifestations and food intake of children with undernutrition.

Patients and methods. Four hundred and thirty-one children with undernutrition aged 1 month to 17 years and 11 months (the median of age is 7 [2.5; 13] years), boys – 238 (55.2 %), girls – 193 (44.8 %), were examined. All children underwent anthropometry using Z-Score values by WHO criteria (WHO Anthro and Anthro plus programs). Specialized centile tables were used with subsequent conversion of the obtained indicators into sigma deviations Z-Score in children with genetic syndromes. Undernutrition was registered in children with body mass index (BMI) by age Z-Score ≤ –1, the stunting was diagnosed with growth by age Z-Score ≤-2. Assessment of food intake at home was underwent in 199 children by recording and accounting for weighted food.

Results. Mild undernutrition was diagnosed in 175 (40.6 %) children, moderate – in 127 (29.5 %), severe – in 129 (29.9 %) children. Severe undernutrition (43.2 % and 38.9 %) was most often registered in the age groups of 11–14 years and 15–17 years. The stunting was observed in 116 (26.9 %) children. The onset of malnutrition was revealed in three-quarters of children before the age of 1 year. The analysis of food intake revealed hypocaloric diet in 153 (76.9 %) patients, normocaloric diet in 32 (16.1 %) and hypercaloric diet in 14 (7 %) patients. Deficiency of protein, fat and carbohydrate intake was registered in 38.7, 72.4, 78.4 % cases, respectively, by assessment of macronutrient composition of the diet in children with undernutrition.

Conclusion. Most children had mild undernutrition. Severe undernutrition was revealed significantly more often in patients of older age groups. Сhildren with undernutrition need early correction of the diet and appointment of nutritional support due to decrease in the energy intake in 76.9 % of children and the imbalance in macronutrients
Mineral and bone metabolism in children with a dystrophic form of сongenital epidermolysis bullosa: the effect of Cholecalciferol therapy
Authors: Pronina I. Yu. , Makarova S. G. , Murashkin N. N. , Semikina E. L.
Published: September 2022

In the dystrophic form of CEB (DEB), malnutrition is more often observed with prominent deficiency of micro- and macroelements, especially calcium and vitamin D, that can lead to rickets and osteoporosis with fractures.

Aim of the study. To study the features of mineral and bone metabolism in patients with DHE and evaluate the effectiveness of prescribing different doses of vitamin D.

Methods and mаterials. The study group included 71 children with DEB (girls 55 %, boys 45 %), the median age was 8.5 years [3.67; 11.92] and 5.75 years [3.13; 10.46], respectively. All patients underwent a complex laboratory and instrumental examination before and after 6 months of Cholecalciferol therapy.

Results. We found a high rate of vitamin D insufficiency (22.5 %) and deficiency (40 %), hypocalcemia of total calcium (40 %), a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) down to osteopenia (33.8 %) and osteoporosis (19.7 %). Osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx-1) levels in the group of patients with hypocalcemia were significantly lower than in the subgroup with normal levels of calcium (p=0.001 for OC, p=0.015 for CTx-1). Wasting of higher degree was noted in the group with hypocalcemia (p=0.001). 53.6 % of patients took Cholecalciferol irregularly (IU 1100 IU [700; 1500]), 35.2 % of patients constantly took the medicine (IU 2000 IU [1000; 3000]) (p = 0.021). After 6 months, normal levels of 25(OH)D were noted in 62 % of children; the levels of P1NP (p<0.001), phosphorus (p=0.012) decreased, and BMD improved (p=0.024). According to the plan developed in our study, with level of 25(OH)D ≤ 30 ng/ml, children aged 1–7 years old should be given at least 1500 IU; at 7–12 years – 2500 IU; at 12–18 years – 3000 IU.

Conclusion. To achieve optimal levels of vitamin D, calcium, and bone turnover markers in children with DEB, it is necessary to use a personalized approach for colecalciferol prescription.
Mast cells and eosinophils of the intestinal mucosa compared with data on food allergy and food sensitization in children with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gordeeva I. G. , Makarova S. G. , Fisenko A. P. , Yasakov D. S. , Kulikov K. A. , Potapov A. S.
Published: September 2022

Aim of the study. To investigate the frequency and clinical significance of detecting increased serum levels of IgE to food proteins, eosinophils (EOs) and mast cells (MCs) in colon biopsies in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in remission or with a low degree of activity.

Methods and materials. 165 children with IBD and 81 children of the control group were examined. The level of serum sIgE to cow’s milk and wheat was determined. To detect cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA), we used the questionnaire «Food Allergy» previously developed by us and validated on a group of patients with IBD. We performed the microscopy of histological preparations of the intestinal mucosa with counting of EOs and MCs.

Results. The frequency increased sIgE levels to CMP in children with CD was higher than in children with UC, but there were no differences in the frequency of sensitization in the comparison group of children without allergies and IBD. An increased number of MCs was present in 37.0 % of IBD patients: 37.9 % of children with CD and 35.3 % of children with UC. Intestinal eosinophilia was observed in 15.2 % of children with IBD: 10.3 % with CD and 23.5 % with UC. A correlation was found between the average number of MCs in the biopsy specimen and the questionnaire score sums, in UC, as well as between the average number of EOs in the biopsy specimen and the questionnaire score sums and between the average number of MCs in the biopsy and the questionnaire score sums. In patients with CD, there is a correlation between the average number of MCs in the biopsy and the questionnaire score sums. Differences at the trend level were found between the average values of MCs in intestinal biopsy specimens in children with IBD with and without FA.

Conclusion. The found correlation between the average number of MCs and EOs in the biopsy and the the questionnaire score sums shows that increased levels of intestinal MCs and EOs can be considered a diagnostic criterion for FA in patients with IBD with the presence of clinical data.
Study of body composition and metabolic expenditures of the Moscow e-sports team
Authors: Antonov A. G. , Rybakova P. D. , Vybornov V. D. , Meshtel A. V. , Balandin M. Yu.
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, e-sports is becoming an important part of sports culture. National teams are being formed, tournaments are being held, e-sports has become an official sport, which implies the formation of standards for the training of e-sports athletes. However, the specifics of this sport raises questions regarding the provision of e-sports athletes with a sufficient level of motor activity and energy expenditure, since the preparation of representatives of this sport requires long-term sedentary work, there are great concerns about the metabolic health of e-sports athletes.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the body composition of e-sports athletes and study their metabolic spending at rest, in a sitting position and in a sitting position during a gaming session.
OVERVIEW OF MODERN TREATMENT METHODS AND EXPERIENCE OF ADMINISTRATION OF BIOLOGICAL THERAPY IN PEMPHIGUS
Authors:   Odessa National Medical University, Zapolskiy M. E. , Lebediuk M. M. ,   Odessa National Medical University, Prokofyeva N. B. ,   Odessa National Medical University, Zapolska D. M. ,   Renaissance-Medical Clinic, Borisova K. A. ,   Municipal non-profit enterprise «Odessa Regional Dermatological and Venereological Dispensary» of the Odessa regional council
Published: September 2022

A modern three-stage therapeutic pemphigus treatment algorithm were discussed and analyzed in the article. The main characteristics of each drug and dosage regimens were indicated. The objective. To introduce doctors-dermatovenereologists to the experience of using biological therapy in the treatment of persistent forms of pemphigus. Materials and methods. Two clinical cases of the using of the monoclonal antibodies CD20 rituximab in patients with pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus are presented. Results. The efficiency of the using of rituximab was analyzed. It was found that monoclonal antibodies CD20 allow not only accelerate the healing of erosions in pemphigus, but also suppress the production of specific antibodies to desmoglein in the early stages of treatment, thus, reduce the corticosteroid load on the patient’s body. Conclusions. The use of modern methods of treatment of pemphigus significantly improves the prognosis of the disease. The most effective of them include the combined using of corticosteroids and monoclonal antibodies CD20.
peran adat pasola dalam konteks pengembangan pariwisata di wanokaka kabupaten sumba barat nusa tenggara timur (2010_2020)
Authors: Malingara Frederika Robu
Published: September 2022

Yang dinamakan kebudayaan adalah serangkaian aktivitas pada masyarakat dengan saling berinteraksi dimana ada ilmu pengetahun yang terkandung didalamnya dan norma-norma. Budaya yang berbeda-beda tentunya memberi pengaruh positif bagi lingkungan masyarakat Indonesia bahkan hingga ke luar negeri, termasuk Kabupaten Sumba Barat. Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang sebuah budaya yang dinamakan Pasola (sola” atau “hola”) yang berarti kayu lembing, dan dikaitkan dengan pengembangan pariwisata. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui peran adat Pasola dalam konteks pengembangan pariwisata di Wanokaka Kabupaten Sumba Barat dan implikasi yang diperoleh dari budaya adat Pasola ini. Menggunakan pendekatan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif, sumber data diambil dari studi kepustakaan serta melakukan wawancara mendalam dan penarikan kesimpulan dilakukan dengan teknik analisis induktif. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa teori fungsional struktural menafsirkan lebih lanjut hubungan masyarakat biasa, tokoh adat, pemerintah dan sektor swasta saling berhubungan satu sama lain dan tidak bisa dilepas dalam pengembangan budaya Pasola menjadi sektor pariwisata yang unggul termasuk alam Sumba yang eksotik. Sedangkan implikasi budaya Pasola menjadi sektor pariwisata yang menjanjikan tercermin dalam suatu sistem sosial budaya, ekonomi dan upaya pelestarian budaya di kalangan masyarakat Wanokaka.
KRIMINALITAS DAN DAMPAKNYA DI KOTA RAHA KABUPATEN MUNA: STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN KATOBU DAN BATALAIWORU (1998-2020)
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Melamba Basrin , Khabiirun Khabiirun , Suddin Suharni
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini menjelaskan beberapa hal; 1) faktor-faktor  yang mendorong tindakan kriminalitas di Kecamatan Katobu dan Batalaiworu. 2) Menjelaskan perkembangan kriminalitas di Kecamatan Katobu dan Batalaiworu. 3) Menjelaskan dampak kriminalitas terhadap masyarakat di Kecamatan Katobu dan  Batalaiworu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan beberapa tahapan yakni, (1) pemilihan topik, (2) heuristik, (3) kritik sumber, (4) interpretasi, (5) historiografi. Adapun hasil penelitian ini yaitu; Pertama, terjadinya tindak kriminal di Kota Raha Kecamatan Katobu dan Batalaiworu tahun 1998-2020 disebabkan faktor sosial (lingkungan), faktor ekonomi, dan faktor politik. Kedua, praktik kriminalitas di Kota Raha secara historis telah berlangsung sejak lama namun memuncak di tahun 1998 ditandai sebagai masa krisis ekonomi dan masa transisi secara nasional. Krisis ini memberikan perubahan dalam interaksi sosial masyarakat seperti mengonsumsi minuman yang beralkohol. (3) Dampak dari tindak kriminalitas ini, masyarakat menjadi tidak aman, keterbatasan melakukan aktivitas, serta adanya korban pencurian.
INTERVENSI HINDIA BELANDA TERHADAP BIROKRASI KERAJAAN MUNA, 1910-1947
Authors: Inggraeni Herni , Aslim Aslim , Hadara Ali , Salebaran Salebaran
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang intervensi Hindia Belanda terhadap birokrasi Kerajaan Muna, 1910-1947 dengan tujuan untuk: (1) Menjelaskan struktur pemerintahan Kerajaan Muna tahun 1910-1947. (2) Menjelaskan intervensi Hindia Belanda terhadap birokrasi Kerajaan Muna tahun 1910-1947. (3) Menerangkan dampak dari intervensi Hindia Belanda terhadap birokrasi Kerajaan Muna tahun 1910-1947. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari lima tahapan, yakni (a) Pemilihan topik, (b) Heuristik sumber, (c) Verifikasi sumber, (d) Interpretasi sumber, (e) Historiografi. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pascamasuknya Hindia Belanda struktur pemerintahan Kerajaan Muna mengalami perubahan, pertama pemerintahan pusat (gouvernement) terdiri dari aparat pemerintah dan aparat agama. Kedua, pemerintah daerah (swapraja) terdiri dari Raja (Omputo), Bhonto bhalano, Mintarano bhitara, Kapitalao, Ghoerano, Kino Bharata, Kino dan Mino. Fato Lindano, Parabhela, Kapita, Pengawal Raja. (2) Hindia Belanda melakukan intervensi pada birokrasi Kerajaan Muna seperti pengahapusan Dewan Sara, membentuk pemerintahan distrik, berwenang dalam memilih raja, mengubah sistem pemerintahan, serta menghapus beberapa kedudukan pejabat kerajaan. (3) Dampak dari intervensi Hindia Belanda terhadap birokrasi Kerajaan Muna yakni, menimbulkan gerakan perlawanan masyarakat pada Hindia Belanda, perubahan di bidang ekonomi, perubahan di bidang sosial, serta perubahan di bidang kebudayaan.
IDENTIFIKASI KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT DI DESA MUARA SAMPARA KECAMATAN KAPOIALA KABUPATEN KONAWE SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Burhan Faika , Malik Elmy Selfiana , Sarman Sarman , Latif Abdul , Hermina Sitti
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat di Desa Muara Sampara Kecamatan Kapoiala Kabupaten Konawe Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini bersifat deskripsi kualitatif melalui metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kearifan lokal Masyarakat Desa Muara Sampara Kecamatan Kapoiala dapat dilihat dalam bentuk aktivitas lalu lintas perahu dan pincara. Pembuatan dan penggunaan perahu dan pincara sudah dilakukan sejak tahun 1960-an, bahkan menurut informasi sebelumnya pincara pernah digunakan sebagai jalur lalu lintas perdagangan pada masa Kerajaan Konawe. Hal ini merupakan bentuk kearifan lokal masyarakat yang sudah dilakukan sejak dahulu hingga saat ini untuk mempertahankan hidup (2) sikap solidaritas kelompok masyarakat di Desa Muara Sampara Kecamatan Kapoiala terwujud dalam aktivitas gotong royong dalam mendukung pembangunan di Desa Muara Sampara. Sikap gotong royong tersebut terlihat dalam kegiatan sosial maupun budaya yang tercermin dalam perilaku masyarakat yang sederhana dalam jiwa kebersamaan. Kebersamaan etnis Bugis, Makassar dan Tolaki di Desa Muara Sampara terlihat dari sikap solidaritas dan sikap saling menghargai yang tetap terjaga hingga sekarang.
PERKEMBANGAN PELABUHAN LANGARA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT WAWONII BARAT, KABUPATEN KONAWE KEPUALAUAN TAHUN 1995-2020
Authors: Herman Herman , Syahrun Syahrun , Mukadas Aswati , Hisna Hisna
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menjelaskan (1) latar belakang pembangunan dan perkembangan Pelabuhan Langara di Kecamatan Wawonii Barat, Kabupaten Konawe Kepulauan tahun 1995-2020, (2) dampak Pelabuhan Langara terhadap kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat yang berada di Kecamatan Wawonii Barat,  Kabupaten Konawe Kepulauan tahun 1995-2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah menurut Louis Gottschalk dengan melalui empat tahapan kerja antara lain: heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi sumber, dan historiografi atau penulisan sejarah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan Pelabuhan Langara di Kabupaten Konawe Kepulauan pada tahun 1995, dilatarbelakangi oleh keinginan masyarakat setempat untuk membangun sebuah pelabuhan. Pembangunan Pelabuhan Langara pada masa itu dianggap sangat penting bagi masyarakat setempat. Hal itu karena selain bertujuan untuk menghubungkan Pulau Wawonii dan Kota Kendari, Pelabuhan Langara juga berfungsi sebagai transaksi ekonomi masyarakat Wawonii khususnya yang berada di sekitar pelabuhan tersebut. Keberadaan Pelabuhan Langara memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung kelancaran transportasi laut masyarakat karena menjadi titik simpul yang menghubungan antardaerah Wawonii dan Kota Kendari. Pelabuhan Langara terus mengalami perkembangan dari tahun 1995-2020. Hal itu dapat dilihat dari jenis kapal yang berlabuh di Pelabuhan Langara misalnya jumlah kapal kayu dan kapasitas kapal ferry yang semakin meningkat, jumlah sarana-prasarana pelabuhan, seperti terminal penumpang, toilet, listrik, dan fasilitas lainnya terus bertambah. Pelabuhan Langara memiliki dampak bagi kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Wawonii. Hal demikian karena Pelabuhan Langara selain berperan sebagai tempat interaksi sosial masyarakat yang ingin melakukan aktivitas antarpulau juga menjadi tempat aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat masyarakat Wawonii.
Relative advantage and complexity: Predicting the rate of adoption of agricultural innovations
Authors: Kaine Geoff , Wright Vic
Published: September 2022

The adoption of new technologies and practices is fundamental to having the capacity to adapt to climate change and ameliorate resource degradation. Consequently, having the ability to predict the scale and rate of adoption by farmers of agricultural innovations is central to gauging their adaptive capacity. It is also crucial to assessing the likely compliance of farmers with change-seeking incentives and regulations. In this paper we describe a novel approach to predicting rates of adoption with respect to agricultural technologies and practices drawing on a dual-process model of consumer decision-making and a method for describing the complexity of innovations in farm systems. We tested the approach using data collected through a survey of dairy farmers in the Waikato and Waipa regions of New Zealand. In the survey we asked 200 farmers, chosen at random, about their perceptions of the complexity and relative advantage of various agricultural and resource management practices, and collected information as to how long it took them to try, and then adopt, the practices. Our results confirm that the process of forming an intention to try or adopt a technology or practice may take several months for relatively simple technologies and practices, and several years for more complex ones. Importantly, we found that novelty in terms of the originality in the components and architecture of a technology or practice does not necessarily correlate with its complexity in terms of integrating it into farm systems. This means that apparently simple technologies and practices that are promoted to reduce resource degradation can be quite difficult to integrate into farm systems and, as a consequence, the costs of integration may act as a strong deterrent to adopting them. A logical implication of our findings is that a deep understanding of the nature of the integration task is essential to anticipating how long it might take for adoption (or compliance) to occur in agriculture and, therefore, to appreciate limits on the adaptive capacity of farmers. Such an understanding requires an intimate knowledge of the, sometimes diverse, farm systems and sub-systems in which the technology or practice is to be integrated.
Does supplementing β-mannanase modulate the feed-induced immune response and gastrointestinal ecology in poultry and pigs? An appraisal
Authors: Kiarie Elijah G. , Steelman Samantha , Martinez Marco
Published: September 2022

The provision of adequate and balanced nutrients is critical for efficient and profitable animal protein production. However, non-nutritive components in feedstuffs can elicit responses that can negatively impact nutrient utilization efficiency. For example, dietary β-mannans are recognizable by cell surface mannose receptors are pivotal for diverse cellular functions. This review will evaluate the physiological implications of dietary native β-mannans, the utility of supplemental feed β-mannanase in hydrolyzing β-mannans, and subsequent metabolic responses. Dietary native β-mannans have been implicated in inadvertent stimulation of immune response through a phenomenon called the feed-induced immune response (FIIR), that has been associated with intestinal inflammation and depression in animal performance. Supplemental β-mannanase blunted the FIIR by hydrolyzing native β-mannans to smaller fragments with a reduced ability to stimulate the innate immune system as indicated by the modulation of oxidative stress, mucosal permeability, and blood concentration of acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins in broilers and piglet models. Moreover, β-mannanase hydrolysis of native β-mannans to mannooligosaccharides (MOS) impacted gastrointestinal microbial ecology. Indeed, β-mannanase-derived MOS reduced the concentration of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella and increased the production of short-chain fatty acids in gastrointestinal tracts of various animal models. Consequently, by hydrolyzing native β-mannans, supplemental β-mannanase may have nutritional, metabolic, and microbial ecology benefits. In summary, integrating multi-functional feed additives such as β-mannanase into feeding programs for monogastric animals will be critical for efficient and sustainable animal protein production in the context of evolving challenges such as the mandated elimination of use of antibiotics for growth promotion.
Multi-network collaborative lift-drag ratio prediction and airfoil optimization based on residual network and generative adversarial network
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Wu Weiguo , Chen Wei , Lin Yongshui , Ke Jiangcen
Published: September 2022

As compared with the computational fluid dynamics(CFD), the airfoil optimization based on deep learning significantly reduces the computational cost. In the airfoil optimization based on deep learning, due to the uncertainty in the neural network, the optimization results deviate from the true value. In this work, a multi-network collaborative lift-to-drag ratio prediction model is constructed based on ResNet and penalty functions. Latin supersampling is used to select four angles of attack in the range of 2°–10° with significant uncertainty to limit the prediction error. Moreover, the random drift particle swarm optimization (RDPSO) algorithm is used to control the prediction error. The experimental results show that multi-network collaboration significantly reduces the error in the optimization results. As compared with the optimization based on a single network, the maximum error of multi-network coordination in single angle of attack optimization reduces by 16.0%. Consequently, this improves the reliability of airfoil optimization based on deep learning.
Construction and properties of the silk fibroin and polypropylene composite biological mesh for abdominal incisional hernia repair
Authors: Luan Fengming , Cao Wangbei , Cao Chunhui , Li Baizhou , Shi Xiaoyu , Gao Changyou
Published: September 2022

Background: In this study, a new composite biological mesh named SFP was prepared by combining silk fibroin with polypropylene mesh. The mechanism and clinical application value of the SFP composite mesh were explored.

Methods: The fibrous membrane was prepared by electrospinning of silk fibroin. The silk fibrous membrane was adhered to the polypropylene mesh by fibrin hydrogel to make a new composite mesh. The characterizations were verified by structural analysis and in vitro cell experiments. A total of 40 Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, and 20 rats in each group were implanted with the SFP mesh and pure polypropylene mesh, respectively. The rats were sacrificed in batches on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 90th days after surgery. The adhesion degree and adhesion area on the mesh surface were compared, and a histopathological examination was carried out.

Results:In vitro cell function experiments confirmed that the SFP mesh had good cell viability. The control group had different degrees of adhesion on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 90th days after surgery. However, there was almost no intraperitoneal adhesions on the 3rd and 7th days after surgery, and some rats only had mild adhesions on the 14th and 90th days after surgery in the SFP group. There were statistically significant differences in the postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion area and adhesion degree between the two groups (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination confirmed that the mesenchymal cells were well arranged and continuous, and there were more new capillaries and adipocyte proliferation under the mesenchymal cells in the SFP group.

Conclusion: The SFP mesh shows good biocompatibility and biofunction in vitro and in vivo. It can promote the growth of peritoneal mesenchymal cells. The formation of a new mesenchymal cell layer can effectively reduce the extent and scope of adhesion between the mesh and abdominal organs. The SFP mesh will have a good application prospect in the field of abdominal wall hernia repair.
Non-invasive and quantitive analysis of flatfoot based on ultrasound
Authors: Jiang Zhende , Zhang Qianpeng , Ren Lei , Qian Zhihui
Published: September 2022

Flatfoot is a common foot deformity that seriously affects the quality of life. The aim of this study is to develop an accurate and noninvasive method for the diagnosis of flatfoot based on B-mode ultrasound. In this study, 51 patients (the flatfoot group) and 43 healthy subjects (the control group) were included. The plantar fascia angle, a new measurement for use in the diagnosis of flatfoot is proposed, as determined using B-mode ultrasound. For comparison, the calcaneal pitch angle and medial cuneiform height were also measured using lateral X-radiography, based on traditional diagnostic methods. The intraclass correlation values of the plantar fascia angle, the calcaneal pitch angle, and the medial cuneiform height were all more than 0.95, and there is a moderate correlation (r = 0.51) between the medial cuneiform height and the calcaneal pitch angle, and an excellent correlation (r = 0.85) between the plantar fascia angle and the calcaneal pitch angle. The optimal cutoff value, sensitivity, and specificity for medial cuneiform height in flatfoot diagnosis were 12.8 mm, 93.0%, and 54.9%, respectively. The optimal cutoff value, sensitivity, and specificity for plantar fascia angle in flatfoot diagnosis were 9.8°, 97.7%, and 94.1%, respectively. The proposed plantar fascia angle has good sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing flatfoot, therefore supplying a new approach for the noninvasive diagnosis of flatfoot.
Fate of petroleum-based and plant-based teabags exposed to environmental soil conditions for one year
Authors: Mateos–Cárdenas Alicia
Published: September 2022

Petroleum-based plastics are materials which have provided important industrial benefits from being lightweight and having low production costs. However, plastic pollution is pervasive and ubiquitous on all environments. This has led some industries to rapidly introduce the so called ‘bioplastics’ into the market by switching the conventional ones for new plant-based alternatives with similar properties. However, little is known about the fate of such alternatives especially in the open environment. In this novel study, the degradation of teabags from eight different brands was investigated, five petroleum based (cellulose-PP blend) and three plant-based (cellulose, cellulose-PLA blend and PLA). The degradation was tested under real-environmental soil conditions over a 12-month period. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to examine the change in polymer makeup and surface degradation of teabags at 3 weeks, 3.5, 6 and 12 months. Teabag dry weight and any retrieved fragments were measured over time. Teabags that contained a plastic blended to cellulose were brittle or degraded into smaller fragments after 3 weeks in soil. Parallel to this, the cellulose layer also degraded in this short timeline. Petroleum-based teabags produced the highest numbers of PP fragments overtime and fragmented teabags were still found after 12 months. Plant-based teabags made of cellulose only or a blend of cellulose-PLA were absent from soil samples after 3.5 months, including no fragments. Contrary to this, teabags made of PLA which were marketed as completely biodegradable, persisted completely intact in soil throughout all time points. The novel results from this study provide a perspective on plastic degradation in terrestrial sources. Based on these findings, it can be recommended that teabags mostly made of cellulose or cellulose blended with a bioplastic present in a smaller ratio, are a better alternative to petroleum-based or pure PLA plastics, in terms of rapid environmental degradation. Further studies should focus on their ecotoxicity, additive presence, microbial degradation and life cycle in order to draw a full environmental assessment.
Nanocarriers for intracellular co-delivery of proteins and small-molecule drugs for cancer therapy
Authors: Cheng Zhihong , Li Yongshuang , Zhao Duoyi , Zhao Wei , Wu Meng , Zhang Weilin , Cui Yan , Zhang Peng , Zhang Zhiyu
Published: September 2022

In the past few decades, the combination of proteins and small-molecule drugs has made tremendous progress in cancer treatment, but it is still not satisfactory. Because there are great differences in molecular weight, water solubility, stability, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and the ways of release and action between macromolecular proteins and small-molecule drugs. To improve the efficacy and safety of tumor treatment, people are committed to developing protein and drug co-delivery systems. Currently, intracellular co-delivery systems have been developed that integrate proteins and small-molecule drugs into one nanocarrier via various loading strategies. These systems significantly improve the blood stability, half-life, and biodistribution of proteins and small-molecule drugs, thus increasing their concentration in tumors. Furthermore, proteins and small-molecule drugs within these systems can be specifically targeted to tumor cells, and are released to perform functions after entering tumor cells simultaneously, resulting in improved effectiveness and safety of tumor treatment. This review summarizes the latest progress in protein and small-molecule drug intracellular co-delivery systems, with emphasis on the composition of nanocarriers, as well as on the loading methods of proteins and small-molecule drugs that play a role in cells into the systems, which have not been summarized by others so far.
Identification and validation of a prognostic risk model based on caveolin family genes for breast cancer
Authors: Tang Qiang , Wang Shurui , Di Ziyang , Li Huimin , Xu Kailiang , Hu Xin , Di Maojun
Published: September 2022

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most vicious killer of women’s health and is accompanied by increased incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Many studies have demonstrated that caveolins (CAVs) were abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors and implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the role of CAVs in BC remains somewhat contentious.

Methods: We comprehensively explored the expression and prognostic value of CAVs (CAV1-3) in BC utilizing public databases (ONCOMINE, TIMER, UALCAN, and TCGA databases). Then we constructed a prognostic model based on the expression profiles. Also, a prognostic nomogram was built to predict the overall survival (OS). We further investigated the relationship between this signature and immune cell infiltration and the mutational landscape in BC. The R package “pRRophetic” was used to predict chemotherapeutic response in BC patients. Finally, we employed loss-of-function approaches to validate the role of CAVs in BC.

Results: We found that CAVs were significantly downregulated in various cancer types, especially in BC. Low CAV expression was closely related to the malignant clinicopathological characteristics and worse OS and relapse-free survival (RFS) in BC. Then we constructed a prognostic model based on the expression profiles of CAVs, which divided BC patients into two risk groups. The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients in the high-risk group tend to have a poorer prognosis than those in the low-risk group. Multivariate analysis indicated that the risk score and stage were both independent prognostic factors for BC patients, suggesting a complementary value. The clinical profiles and risk module were used to construct a nomogram that could accurately predict the OS in BC. In addition, we found that patients in the low-risk group tend to have a relatively high immune status and a lower mutation event frequency compared to the high-risk group. Furthermore, this signature could predict the response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Finally, CAV depletion promoted the colony formation, migration, and invasion of BC cells.

Conclusion: CAVs may serve as novel biomarkers and independent prognostic factors for BC patients. Also, the constructed signature based on CAVs may predict immunotherapeutic responses and provide a novel nomogram for precise outcome prediction of BC.
Ferroptosis-related gene signatures in neuroblastoma associated with prognosis
Authors: Chen Yiru , Li Zihao , Cao Qingtai , Guan Haoyu , Mao Longfei , Zhao Mingyi
Published: September 2022

Background: Ferroptosis, a form of regulatory cell death, has been linked to the development of various tumors. Peripheral neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common extracranial solid tumors in children, and it has been proposed that regulating tumor cell ferroptosis may be a future treatment for NB. However, it is unclear how ferroptosis contributes to NB development.

Methods: Expression data were collected from two independent cohorts (GEO and Arrayexpress databases). Univariate Cox analysis, multivariate Cox analysis, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) algorithm were applied to create a prognostic signature, whose performance was quantified using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Kaplan–Meier curves. A prognostic meta-analysis was used to test the suitability and stability of the FRG signature. Drug sensitivity analyses were performed using the data collected from Cell Miner™.

Results:PROM2, AURKA, STEAP3, CD44, ULK2, MAP1LC3A, ATP6V1G2, and STAT3 are among the eight genes in the FRG prognostic signature, all of which were highly expressed in stage 1 NB, except AURKA. Furthermore, the high-risk group, which was stratified by signature, had a lower overall survival rate than the low-risk group. GSEA revealed that high-risk groups have more biological processes related to ferroptosis.

Conclusion: Ferroptosis-related genes are expressed differently between stages 1 and 4 NB. The FRG signature successfully stratified NB patients into two risk groups and can accurately predict the overall survival in NB. In addition, we found that the gene AURKA might have the potential to be a prognostic marker in NB.
Paracrine HB-EGF signaling reduce enhanced contractile and energetic state of activated decidual fibroblasts by rebalancing SRF-MRTF-TCF transcriptional axis
Authors: Afzal Junaid , Du Wenqiang , Novin Ashkan , Liu Yamin , Wali Khadija , Murthy Anarghya , Garen Ashley , Wagner Gunter , Kshitiz
Published: September 2022

Multiple parallels exist between placentation and cancer dissemination at molecular, cellular, and anatomical levels, presenting placentation as a unique model to mechanistically understand the onset of cancer metastasis. In humans, interaction of placenta and the endometrium results eventually in deep invasion of placental extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the maternal stroma, a process similar to stromal trespass by disseminating carcinoma cells. In anticipation of implantation, endometrial fibroblasts (ESFs) undergo a process called decidualization during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Decidualization, among other substantial changes associated with ESF differentiation, also involves a component of fibroblast activation, and myofibroblast transformation. Here, using traction force microscopy, we show that increased cellular contractility in decidualized ESFs is reversed after interaction with EVTs. We also report here the large changes in energetic state of ESFs upon decidualization, showing increased oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial competency and ATP generation, as well as enhanced aerobic glycolysis, presenting mechanical contractility and energetic state as new functional hallmarks for decidualization. These energetic changes accompanying the marked increase in contractile force generation in decidualization were reduced in the presence of EVTs. We also show that increase in decidual contractility and mechanical resistance to invasion is achieved by SRF-MRTF transcriptional activation, achieved via increased phosphorylation of fibroblast-specific myosin light chain 9 (MYL9). EVT induced paracrine secretion of Heparin Binding Epidermal Growth Factor (HBEGF), a potent MAPK activator, which shifts the balance of SRF association away from MRTF based transcription, reducing decidual ESF contractility and mechanical resistance to placental invasion. Our results identify a new axis of intercellular communication in the placental bed modulating stromal force generation and resistance to invasion with concurrent downregulation of cellular energetics. These findings have important implications for implantation related disorders, as well as stromal control of cancer dissemination.
Immunometabolism of macrophages regulates skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Chen Yu-Fan , Lee Chien-Wei , Wu Hao-Hsiang , Lin Wei-Ting , Lee Oscar K.
Published: September 2022

Sarcopenia is an age-related progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength disease. In addition, sarcopenia is tightly correlated with age-associated pathologies, such as sarcopenic obesity and osteoporosis. Further understanding of disease mechanisms and the therapeutic strategies in muscle regeneration requires a deeper knowledge of the interaction of skeletal muscle and other cells in the muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process that requires a series of highly coordinated events involving communication between muscle stem cells and niche cells, such as muscle fibro/adipogenic progenitors and macrophages. Macrophages play a critical role in tissue regeneration and the maintenance of muscle homeostasis by producing growth factors and cytokines that regulate muscle stem cells and myofibroblast activation. Furthermore, the aging-related immune dysregulation associated with the release of trophic factors and the polarization in macrophages transiently affect the inflammatory phase and impair muscle regeneration. In this review, we focus on the role and regulation of macrophages in skeletal muscle regeneration and homeostasis. The aim of this review is to highlight the important roles of macrophages as a therapeutic target in age-related sarcopenia and the increasing understanding of how macrophages are regulated will help to advance skeletal muscle regeneration.
The molecular regulation of oligodendrocyte development and CNS myelination by ECM proteins
Authors: Yamada Momona , Iwase Miho , Sasaki Binri , Suzuki Nobuharu
Published: September 2022

Oligodendrocytes are myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The development of oligodendrocytes is regulated by a large number of molecules, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that are relatively less characterized. Here, we review the molecular functions of the major ECM proteins in oligodendrocyte development and pathology. Among the ECM proteins, laminins are positive regulators in oligodendrocyte survival, differentiation, and/or myelination in the CNS. Conversely, fibronectin, tenascin-C, hyaluronan, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans suppress the differentiation and myelination. Tenascin-R shows either positive or negative functions in these activities. In addition, the extracellular domain of the transmembrane protein teneurin-4, which possesses the sequence homology with tenascins, promotes the differentiation of oligodendrocytes. The activities of these ECM proteins are exerted through binding to the cellular receptors and co-receptors, such as integrins and growth factor receptors, which induces the signaling to form the elaborated and functional structure of myelin. Further, the ECM proteins dynamically change their structures and functions at the pathological conditions as multiple sclerosis. The ECM proteins are a critical player to serve as a component of the microenvironment for oligodendrocytes in their development and pathology.
Updates on mesenchymal stem cell therapies for articular cartilage regeneration in large animal models
Authors: Liu Timothy P. , Ha Pin , Xiao Crystal Y. , Kim Sang Yub , Jensen Andrew R. , Easley Jeremiah , Yao Qingqiang , Zhang Xinli
Published: September 2022

There is an unmet need for novel and efficacious therapeutics for regenerating injured articular cartilage in progressive osteoarthritis (OA) and/or trauma. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are particularly promising for their chondrogenic differentiation, local healing environment modulation, and tissue- and organism-specific activity; however, despite early in vivo success, MSCs require further investigation in highly-translatable models prior to disseminated clinical usage. Large animal models, such as canine, porcine, ruminant, and equine models, are particularly valuable for studying allogenic and xenogenic human MSCs in a human-like osteochondral microenvironment, and thus play a critical role in identifying promising approaches for subsequent clinical investigation. In this mini-review, we focus on [1] considerations for MSC-harnessing studies in each large animal model, [2] source tissues and organisms of MSCs for large animal studies, and [3] tissue engineering strategies for optimizing MSC-based cartilage regeneration in large animal models, with a focus on research published within the last 5 years. We also highlight the dearth of standard assessments and protocols regarding several crucial aspects of MSC-harnessing cartilage regeneration in large animal models, and call for further research to maximize the translatability of future MSC findings.
SlicerHeart: An open-source computing platform for cardiac image analysis and modeling
Authors: Lasso Andras , Herz Christian , Nam Hannah , Cianciulli Alana , Pieper Steve , Drouin Simon , Pinter Csaba , St-Onge Samuelle , Vigil Chad , Ching Stephen , Sunderland Kyle , Fichtinger Gabor , Kikinis Ron , Jolley Matthew A.
Published: September 2022

Cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. 3D imaging of the heart's structure is critical to the understanding and treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, open-source tools for image analysis of cardiac images, particularly 3D echocardiographic (3DE) data, are limited. We describe the rationale, development, implementation, and application of SlicerHeart, a cardiac-focused toolkit for image analysis built upon 3D Slicer, an open-source image computing platform. We designed and implemented multiple Python scripted modules within 3D Slicer to import, register, and view 3DE data, including new code to volume render and crop 3DE. In addition, we developed dedicated workflows for the modeling and quantitative analysis of multi-modality image-derived heart models, including heart valves. Finally, we created and integrated new functionality to facilitate the planning of cardiac interventions and surgery. We demonstrate application of SlicerHeart to a diverse range of cardiovascular modeling and simulation including volume rendering of 3DE images, mitral valve modeling, transcatheter device modeling, and planning of complex surgical intervention such as cardiac baffle creation. SlicerHeart is an evolving open-source image processing platform based on 3D Slicer initiated to support the investigation and treatment of congenital heart disease. The technology in SlicerHeart provides a robust foundation for 3D image-based investigation in cardiovascular medicine.