bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding using machine learning techniques
Authors: Nejsum Freja Marie , Wiingreen Rikke , Jensen Andreas Kryger , Løkkegaard Ellen Christine Leth , Mølholm Hansen Bo
Published: January 2025

Background

Identification of mother-infant pairs predisposed to early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding is important for delivering targeted support. Machine learning techniques enable development of transparent prediction models that enhance clinical applicability. We aimed to develop and validate two models to predict cessation of exclusive breastfeeding within one month among infants born after 35 weeks gestation using machine learning techniques.

Methods

Utilizing a nationwide dataset from Statistics Denmark, including infants born between the 1st of January 2014 and the 31st of December 2015, we employed random forest machine learning to develop two predictive models. The first model included 11 well-established factors associated with cessation of exclusive breastfeeding within one month. The second model was expanded to include 21 additional factors associated with complications during pregnancy and delivery that potentially impede breastfeeding. Feature importance was applied to elucidate the factors driving model predictions.

Results

The dataset comprised 110,206 infants and 106,835 mothers. The first model predicted cessation of exclusive breastfeeding within one month with an area under the receiver operating curve of 62.0% (95% confidence interval 61.3% - 62.7%) and an accuracy of 60.4% (95% confidence interval 59.8% - 61.0%). The second model predicted cessation of exclusive breastfeeding within one month with an area under the receiver operating curve of 62.2% (95% confidence interval 61.5% - 62.9%) and an accuracy of 60.0% (95% confidence interval 59.3% - 60.6%). In both models, birthplace, maternal education, delivery mode, and maternal body mass index were the most important factors influencing the overall model performance.

Conclusions

The two models could not accurately predict cessation of exclusive breastfeeding within one month among infants born after 35 weeks gestation. Contrary to our expectations, including additional factors in the model did not increase model performance.
Achieving the state of Georgia 25% HIV incidence reduction target among men who have sex with men in Atlanta through expanded use of multimodal pre-exposure prophylaxis: A mathematical model
Authors: Fraysse Jeremy , Anderson Sarah-Jane , Smith Justin C. , Matthews Derrick D. , Sarkar Supriya , de Aragao Filipa , Blissett Rob
Published: January 2025

The US faces substantial demographic and geographic disparities in both HIV burden and access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an effective strategy to prevent HIV acquisition. Long-acting cabotegravir (CAB) is a novel, injectable PrEP option which demonstrated superior reduction in risk of HIV acquisition compared to daily-oral PrEP in the HPTN083 trial. We modelled the impact of increased PrEP initiations and the introduction of long-acting CAB on HIV incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Atlanta, Georgia, a population with a high burden of HIV. The Georgia Department of Public Health has set an ambitious 25% HIV incidence reduction target, which could be reached with a daily-oral PrEP coverage of 42.2%. However, the target could be achieved at lower levels of PrEP coverage (34.6%) if a mix of PrEP modalities was used, such as an equal split of long-acting CAB PrEP and daily-oral PrEP. Our results clearly demonstrate that broadening access to new PrEP options has the potential to facilitate the achievement of public health HIV incidence reduction goals at plausible levels of PrEP coverage.
Regional disparities of full pentavalent vaccine uptake and the determinants in Ethiopia: Mapping and spatial analysis using the EDHS data
Authors: Bantie Getasew Mulat , Tadege Melaku , Nigussie Teshager Zerihun , Woya Ashenafi Abate , Tekile Abay Kassa , Melese Amare Alemu , Ayalew Simeneh , Beyene Belay Bezabih , Wubetu Gizachew Yismaw
Published: January 2025

Background

The full pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) vaccination is the main strategy to prevent five communicable diseases in early childhood, especially in countries with huge communicable disease burdens like Ethiopia. Exploring spatial distributions and determinants of full pentavalent vaccination status in minor ecological areas in Ethiopia is crucial for creating targeted immunization campaigns and monitoring the advancement of accomplishing sustainable development goals. This study aimed to investigate the spatial disparities and determinants of full pentavalent vaccination among 12-23-month-old children in Ethiopia.

Method

The data on pentavalent vaccine uptake was found in the Ethiopian Health and Demographic Survey (EDHS, 2019). A two-stage cluster sampling method was applied to collect the EDHS data. The enumeration area was the primary sample unit while the household served as the secondary sampling unit. The geographical variations of full pentavalent vaccine uptake were explored using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) software. The significant predictors of full pentavalent vaccination were identified using a simple logistic regression model through R version 4.1 software.

Result

The national full pentavalent vaccine uptake was 59.2%. The spatial distribution of full pentavalent vaccine uptake was not uniform in Ethiopia. Spatial cluster analysis revealed that most of low coverage regions for full pentavalent vaccine uptake were Afar, Somali, and Harari. The regions with the highest and lowest rates of vaccine uptake were Tigray and Harari region, respectively. Maternal age of 35–49 years (AOR = 3.42; 95% CI: 1.99, 5.87), and 25–34 years (AOR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.19), primary education attended (AOR = 1.51; 95%CI: 1.07, 2.11), richness wealth index (AOR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.40, 2.75), birth order of 1–3 (AOR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.96), and delivery in the health facility (AOR = 3.41: 95% CI: 2.52, 4.61) were the determinants of full pentavalent vaccine uptake in Ethiopia.

Conclusion

Ethiopia’s full pentavalent vaccine uptake was far lower than the global target. Older maternal age, maternal education, wealth index, birth order, and giving birth in a health facility were the determinants of full pentavalent vaccine uptake. Special attention should be given to Afar, Somali, and Harari regions, to strengthen the vaccine uptake. Moreover, improved socioeconomic status and getting maternal health services during delivery are necessary to enhance vaccine uptake.
Efficacy of pulmonary surfactant with budesonide in premature infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Phattraprayoon Nanthida , Tan Bing , Na Takuathung Mingkwan
Published: January 2025

Pulmonary surfactant (PS) is one of the main treatment for neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Budesonide has recently been studied as an additional treatment in such cases, but there is limited evidence supporting this. This study was implemented to determine the efficacy of PS combined with budesonide in premature infants. To achieve this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by searching PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception until July 12, 2024. We utilized a random-effects model to calculate the risk ratio and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the clinical outcomes of PS with budesonide versus PS alone. We used the GRADE approach to assess the quality of the evidence. We included 26 randomized controlled trials with a total of 2701 patients in the analysis. Treatments of PS with budesonide and PS alone were compared in all trials. PS with budesonide reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) incidence (risk ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.51, 0.73), duration of mechanical or invasive mechanical ventilation (MD, −2.21 days; 95% CI, −2.72, −1.71), duration requiring oxygen (MD, −5.86 days; 95% CI, −8.44, −3.29), and hospitalization time (MD, −5.61 days; 95% CI, −8.65, −2.56). These results were based on low to very low evidence certainty. Only moderate-to-severe BPD or severe BPD showed a significant reduction when PS was used in conjunction with budesonide, a finding supported by moderate evidence certainty. Our study showed that the administration of PS with budesonide significantly improved respiratory outcomes, including the incidence of BPD, duration of mechanical or invasive mechanical ventilation, duration requiring oxygen, and hospitalization time in preterm infants, without short-term adverse drug events. However, the evidence certainty was mostly low to very low.
The gut microbiota-SCFA-inflammation axis in patients with AECOPD
Authors: Zhu Hengjing , Wu Chen , Wu Haiyan , Liu Juan , Ye Wu , Zhao Tian , Li Zhijun
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The aim of the study was to explore the alteration of microbiota and SCFA in gut and inflammation in acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients, and to test the hypothesis that a disorder of gut microbiota will lead to the alteration of SCFA, which will aggravate inflammation in AECOPD patients.

Methods and results

24 patients with AECOPD and 18 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA and serum was used to detect levels of inflammatory factors by ELISA. Fatty acid concentrations were determined in lumen via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The richness and diversity of gut microbiota were decreased in AECOPD patients. β-diversity analysis revealed differences between AECOPD patients and healthy controls. p_Bacteroidetes, g_Paraprevotella, g_Ruminococcus2, g_Parasutterella, o_Rhodospirillales, and g_Romboutsia in the healthy controls and p_Firmicutes, o_Actinomycetales, f_Actinomycetadeae, g_Actinomyces, g_Mogibacterium, f_Veillonellaceae, f_Enterococcaceae, and g_Enterococcus in AECOPD patients were the most abundant microbiota. SCFA levels were decreased in patients with AECOPD. In addition, the results demonstrated that except for a reduction in IL-6, there was no change in inflammatory markers in AECOPD patients.

Conclusion

In AECOPD patients, the gut microbiota-SCFA-inflammation axis is augmented, with decreased diversity and abundance of gut microbiota, leading to a reduction in SCFA and an imbalance of inflammation.
Genetic insights into the risk of hip osteoarthritis on stroke: A single-variable and multivariable Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zhang Zhengze , Lian Yanan , He Yuewen , Liu Hao , Meng Kai , Wang Yong , Ma Wuhua
Published: January 2025

Background

Hip osteoarthritis has been identified as a potential risk factor for stroke, with previous studies have demonstrated an association between hip osteoarthritis and stroke. This study aims to further elucidate the causal relationship between the two, employing Two-Sample and Multivariable Mendelian randomization methods.

Methods

SNPs, derived from two extensive GWAS, served as instruments in exploring the association between genetically predicted hip osteoarthritis and stroke risk, utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization. In Multivariable Mendelian randomization, factors such as cigarettes per day, alcoholic drinks per week, hypertension, body mass index, type 2 diabetes, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid arthritis were incorporated to further account for the independent causal effects of multiple correlated exposures.

Results

Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that hip osteoarthritis exerts a potential causal effect on any stroke, any ischemic stroke, and cardioembolic stroke, while it did not influence large artery stroke and small vessel stroke. Multivariable MR analysis indicated that the causal effect of hip osteoarthritis on any ischemic stroke and cardioembolic stroke was no longer evident after adjusting for C-reactive protein, and similarly, the effect on any ischemic stroke was not observed after adjusting for type 2 diabetes. However, the effects on any stroke, any ischemic stroke, and cardioembolic stroke remained significant after adjustments for hypertension, alcoholic drinks per week, cigarettes per day, body mass index, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that elevated hip osteoarthritis, as predicted by genetic factors, was potential associated with an increased risk of any stroke, any ischemic stroke, and cardioembolic stroke, but showed no correlation with hypertension, alcoholic drinks per week, cigarettes per day, type 2 diabetes, C-reactive protein, body mass index levels, and rheumatoid arthritis.
An interprofessional model to improve LGBTQ+ specific cultural competence in dental and pharmacy students
Authors: Shukla Anubhuti , Yalamanchi Sriha , Tamayo-Cabeza Guillermo , Albright Amanda , Weber Zachary A. , Newton April D.
Published: January 2025

Background

Disproportionate access to healthcare services among the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning and others (LGBTQ+) population can be partially attributed to the lack of cultural competence among healthcare providers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an interprofessional model in improving cultural competence and clinical preparedness among dental and pharmacy students for providing LGBTQ+ specific care.

Methodology

This study is a retrospective observational study which used a novel interprofessional model of three different LGBTQ+ focused educational interventions within a group of dental and pharmacy students. The study used pre- and post-surveys, Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale (AITCS-II) and the Team Observed Structured Clinical Encounter (TOSCE) evaluations to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. Descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Welch test, Kruskal-Wallis Test, and pairwise Wilcox Test were employed to analyze quantitative data while qualitative insights were gathered from evaluator comments and student feedback.

Results

The study evaluated cultural competence among 154 dental and pharmacy students revealing improved cultural humility post-intervention, particularly for dental students although not statistically significant (p>0.05). Students participating in multiple interventions had higher mean scores, but the differences were not significant (p>0.05). Significant differences were found among interprofessional teams of students in the domains of roles and responsibilities (p = 0.039) and patient centered approach (p = 0.039). No significant differences were found in individual scores participation in the teams (p = 0.018). Students also provided positive feedback on the program’s impact on their understanding of LGBTQ+ health issues and inclusive care.

Conclusion

This program was a novel intervention aimed at improving cultural competence for health professional students in an interprofessional environment Further research in the direction can be useful in creating replicable programs.
Intraoperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with anesthesia to prevent postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gan Lin , Qian Kecheng , Yang Jinding , Cai Qian , Ye Qinyu , Dai Mengyuan , Jia Zhaoxing , Jiang Tianxiang , Ma Congcong , Lin Xianming
Published: January 2025

Background

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is associated with an increased risk of dementia and may lead to chronic neurodegeneration. The utilization of intraoperative Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation (TEAS) in conjunction with anesthesia is expected to become an effective preventive measure for POCD in clinical practice.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive literature review focusing on the use of TEAS in the prevention of POCD during surgical anesthesia. We searched various databases for relevant literature, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data. The synthesis of data was performed using RevMan version 5.4.

Results

Our meta-analysis incorporated data from 20 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) involving 1549 patients. The findings revealed that intraoperative TEAS significantly reduced the incidence of POCD when compared to the control group [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.29, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.22–0.39, p < 0.00001]. Moreover, patients receiving intraoperative TEAS exhibited a significant increase in MMSE scores (MD 1.21, 95% CI 0.53–1.89, p = 0.0005). Additionally, intraoperative TEAS demonstrated efficacy in reducing the contents of perioperative serum S100β protein (S100β), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in patients, and the improvement of these indexes may be the potential mechanism of TEAS in preventing POCD.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that intraoperative TEAS combined with anesthesia prevents cognitive dysfunction in the immediate postoperative period, however we need additional evidence of its utility in preventing long-term cognitive dysfunction. We advocate for the broader promotion and application of this approach in clinical surgical settings.

Trial registration

PROSPERO (CRD42023457910).
Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in five US jurisdictions: Comparison of Delta and Omicron variants
Authors: Baker Julia M. , Nakayama Jasmine Y. , O’Hegarty Michelle , McGowan Andrea , Teran Richard A. , Bart Stephen M. , Sosa Lynn E. , Brockmeyer Jessica , English Kayla , Mosack Katie , Bhattacharyya Sanjib , Khubbar Manjeet , Yerkes Nicole R. , Campos Brooke , Paegle Alina , McGee John , Herrera Robert , Pearlowitz Marcia , Williams Thelonious W. , Kirking Hannah L. , Tate Jacqueline E.
Published: January 2025

Households are a significant source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, even during periods of low community-level spread. Comparing household transmission rates by SARS-CoV-2 variant may provide relevant information about current risks and prevention strategies. This investigation aimed to estimate differences in household transmission risk comparing the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants using data from contact tracing and interviews conducted from November 2021 through February 2022 in five U.S. public health jurisdictions (City of Chicago, Illinois; State of Connecticut; City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin; State of Maryland; and State of Utah). Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate attack rates and relative risks for index case and household contact characteristics. Data from 848 households, including 2,622 individuals (median household size = 3), were analyzed. Overall transmission risk was similar in households with Omicron (attack rate = 47.0%) compared to Delta variant (attack rate = 48.0%) circulation. In the multivariable model, a pattern of increased transmission risk was observed with increased time since a household contact’s last COVID-19 vaccine dose in Delta households, although confidence intervals overlapped (0–3 months relative risk = 0.8, confidence interval: 0.5–1.2; 4–7 months relative risk = 1.3, 0.9–1.8; ≥8 months relative risk = 1.2, 0.7–1.8); no pattern was observed in Omicron households. Risk for household contacts of symptomatic index cases was twice that of household contacts of asymptomatic index cases (relative risk = 2.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–2.9), emphasizing the importance of symptom status, regardless of variant. Uniquely, this study adjusted risk estimates for several index case and household contact characteristics and demonstrates that few characteristics strongly dictate risk, likely reflecting the complexity of the biological and social factors which combine to impact SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Experiences of fasting during Ramadan in British Muslims: Psychological, social and health behaviours
Authors: Latif Aaminah , Iqbal Syka , Bryant Eleanor J. , Lesk Valerie E. , Stewart-Knox Barbara J.
Published: January 2025

Ramadan is a month-long religious festival observed by Muslim worldwide, characterised by intermittent fasting. This qualitative study addressed the need to understand how fasting is experienced by Muslims residing in Western cultures, aiming to inform policies that create a more supportive environment. Practicing Muslims, both men and women, were recruited in the North of England in the United Kingdom (UK). Data were collected by individual interviews (N = 7) and focus group discussion (N = 4) and then analysed using Social Ecological Theory as a framework. Fasting was managed at the individual level through instrumental food choice and eating practices, and by adapting sleep routines. Disrupted sleep routines posed a challenge for those who had to adhere to Western working schedules, leading to perceived detriments to cognitive function and mood. The sense of belonging associated with Ramadan was seen as a motivating factor for fasting. Breaking the fast (Iftar) was marked by social activity and the availability of traditional fried foods. Participants identified the wider Western culture and environment as challenging for those who are fasting. These findings imply a need for policies that enable flexible working practices for Muslims during Ramadan.
Hybrid coating prepared with PMMA/Ti-O-Si tested under vacuum conditions for use in nanosatellites
Authors: Reyes-Tesillo Bryanda G. , Hernández-Padrón Genoveva , Ferrer-Pérez Jorge A. , Maciel-Cerda Alfredo
Published: January 2025

A hybrid coating made of poly (methyl methacrylate) with SiO2-TiO2 particles (PMMA/SiO2-TiO2) has been developed for use as a coating on nanosatellites, evaluating its resistance to high vacuum by quantifying its weight loss. The coating was applied on an Al 7075 aluminum substrate used for the aerospace sector. PMMA/SiO2-TiO2 hybrid coatings were prepared using sol-gel reaction in situ assisted with sonochemistry. The SiO2 particles and TiO2 (50:50% wt. of rutile/anatase) particles by tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and Titanium (IV) Isopropoxide (TIPO). Radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer was conducted with (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxy silane (3-MPTS) used as a coupling molecular agent, and benzoyl peroxide as a catalyst. The coatings obtained have a thickness of 20 μm which were deposited by blade coating technique on the substrate, obtaining homogeneous and defect-free coatings. Adhesion and hardness were measured using ASTM standards required for this sector. To evaluate its resistance to ultra-high vacuum, it was done as close as possible to the ASTM E-595 norm [1], where it indicates that the coatings must be evaluated at vacuum conditions of 10−5 Torr and 125°C for a period of 24 hours. The coatings were evaluated before and after the test by spectroscopy analysis to determine a possible degradation in the chemical structure. The resulting weight loss not exceeding 0.02%, and the addition of Ti-O-Si particles led to an increase in chemical stability under vacuum conditions without affecting the chemical structure of the highly cross-linked PMMA/Ti-O-Si matrix, which was monitored by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy.
Divergent Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite and three different alphasatellite species associated with cotton leaf curl disease outbreak in Northwest India
Authors: Biswas Kajal Kumar , Balram Nenavath , Elangovan Marimuthu , Palchoudhury Supratik , Bhattacharyya Utpal Kumar , Khatoon Halima , Aggarwal Shilpi , Godara Shruti , Kumar Pradeep , Sain Satish Kumar , Arora Rupesh , Datta Sibnarayan
Published: January 2025

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is a major constraint for production of cotton (Gossypium sp.) in Northwest India. CLCuD is caused by a monopartite, circular ssDNA virus belonging to the genus Begomovirus in association with betasatellites and alphasatellites, and ttransmitted by a whitefly vector (Bemisia tabaci). To explore the genetic variability in betasatellites and alphasatellite associated with the CLCuD-begomovirus complex in Northwest India. A survey was conducted for successive three years of 2014 to 2016 and twig samples from symptomatic and healthy cotton plants randomly were collected. Total plant DNAs were isolated, subjected to rolling circle amplification (RCA), cloning and sequencing. Full-length genome of 12 betasatellites and 13 alphasatellites, those were obtained in the present study, were analyzed. Sequence analysis showed that all the present betasatellites shared 85–99 percent nucleotide identity (PNI) among themselves and 84–95 PNI with other members of Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB) and fell into one genogroup along with CLCuMB. But in close observation the present betasatellites clustered into two phylogenetic subgroups under single CLCuMB. The present alphasatellites showed 72–100 PNI among themselves and fell under three alphasatellite species, Gossypium Darwinii symptomless alphasatellite (GDarSLA), Cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellite (CLCuMA) and Cotton leaf curl Burewala alphasatellite (CLCuBuA). In the recombination analysis, all the present betasatellites and alphasatellites were found to be recombinants involving intra species recombination in betasatellite, and interspecies recombination in alphasatellite species. The present study indicated that the betasatellite and alphasatellite molecules associated with CLCuD-begomovirus complex in Northwest India are genetically diverse.
An exploratory study on the perception of the over-the-top (OTT) industry among film and media production major university students: Utilizing the Q methodology
Authors: Lee Kang Suk , Lee Song Yi
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the perceptions of university students majoring in film and media production (FMP) regarding the over-the-top (OTT) industry. We used the Q methodology to achieve this study’s purpose, with 33 Q sets and 22 university students majoring in FMP. The study revealed three perception structures of FMP major university students regarding the OTT industry. Type 1 considered the diversity and accessibility of OTT to be important from the consumer’s perspective, and Type 2 emphasized the importance of improving the quality of content from the producer’s perspective. Even though Type 3 considered the OTT industry an excellent platform, they tended to think of movies in theaters as the final destination. Based on the study’s results, all types thought that the growth and development of the OTT industry would continue. However, the study demonstrated that they need perceptions from a macroscopic viewpoint in areas related to OTT industry technology, education, and systems.
Azithromycin removal from water via adsorption on drinking water sludge-derived materials: Kinetics and isotherms studies
Authors: Castro-Jiménez Camilo C. , Saldarriaga-Molina Julio C. , García Edwin F. , Torres-Palma Ricardo A. , Acelas Nancy
Published: January 2025

In this study, we utilized drinking water treatment sludge (WTS) to produce adsorbents through the drying and calcination process. These adsorbents were then evaluated for their ability to remove azithromycin (AZT) from aqueous solutions. The L-500 adsorbent, derived from the calcination (at 500°C) of WTS generated under conditions of low turbidity in the drinking water treatment plant, presented an increase in the specific surface area from 70.745 to 95.471 m2 g-1 and in the total pore volume from 0.154 to 0.211 cm3 g-1, which resulted in a significant AZT removal efficiency of 65% in distilled water after 60 min of treatment. In synthetic wastewater, the rate of AZT removal increased to 80%, in comparison, in a real effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant, an AZT removal of 56% was obtained. Kinetic studies revealed that the experimental data followed the pseudo-second-order model (R2: 0.993–0.999, APE: 0.07–1.30%, and Δq: 0.10–2.14%) suggesting that chemisorption is the limiting step in the adsorption using L-500. This finding aligns with FTIR analysis, which indicates that adsorption mechanisms involve π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the nonlinear Langmuir, Freundlich, and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherms. The Langmuir-Freundlich model presented the best fitting (R2: 0.93, APE: 2.22%, and Δq: 0.06%) revealing numerous interactions and adsorption energies between AZT and L-500. This adsorbent showed a reduction of 19% in its AZT removal after four consecutive reuse cycles. In line with the circular economy principles, our study presents an interesting prospect for the reuse and valorization of WTS. This approach not only offers an effective adsorbent for AZT removal from water but also represents a significant step forward in advancing sustainable water treatment solutions within the framework of the circular economy.
Canine urothelial cell model to study intracellular bacterial community development by uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Gilbertie Jessica M. , Sheahan Breanna J. , Vaden Shelly L. , Jacob Megan E.
Published: January 2025

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections of both dogs and humans, with most caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Recurrent UPEC infections are a major concern in the treatment and management of UTIs in both species. In humans, the ability of UPECs to form intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) within urothelial cells has been implicated in recurrent UTIs. However, the role of IBCs has not been explored in the pathogenesis of canine recurrent UTIs. In this study, we identified IBCs in both urine and bladder tissue from dogs with UPEC associated UTIs. In addition, we showed that UPECs derived from canine UTIs form IBCs within primary canine urothelial cells. As in human UTIs, formation of IBCs by canine UPECs correlated with the presence of the fimH gene as those isolates lacking the fimH gene formed fewer IBCs in canine urothelial cells then those harboring the fimH gene. Additionally, UPEC strains from clinical cases classified as recurrent UTIs had higher rates of IBC formation than UPEC strains from non-recurrent UTIs. These IBCs were tolerant to treatment with enrofloxacin, cefpodoxime and doxycycline at 150, 50 and 50 μg/mL respectively, which are representative of the concentrations achieved in canine urine after standard dosing. This is consistent with the clinical perspective that current UTIs are a common condition of dogs and are difficult to manage through antimicrobial treatment. Additionally, the dog could prove to be a powerful model of IBC formation as they are natural models of UPEC-causing UTIs and have similar pathophysiology of IBC formation.
Topographic changes in macula and its association with visual outcomes in idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery
Authors: Lee Seung Min , Park Sung Who , Byon Iksoo
Published: January 2025

Purpose

We investigated changes in macular topography and their association with visual acuity and metamorphopsia in the idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM).

Methods

Twenty-four eyes that underwent vitrectomy and ERM removal with internal limiting membrane peeling were included in this study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and horizontal/vertical metamorphopsia scores (h and vM-scores in the M-chart) were assessed. The distances of fovea-disc (FD) and fovea-vascular arcade (FV), central subfield macular thickness (CSMT), and foveal location were measured using fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography, respectively.

Results

The BCVA (logMAR) and vM-scores (P < 0.001, P = 0.014, respectively) improved after surgery. The distance of the FD decreased (P < 0.001) and FVs increased (P < 0.001, both). The fovea moved horizontally toward the disc (P < 0.001). The change in median total FVs (7.114 mm to 7.369 mm, P = 0.001) correlated with the change in BCVA (P = 0.049, Pearson’s [r] = -0.404). No topographic parameters were associated with an improvement in the vM score.

Conclusions

The macular topography significantly changed after iERM removal; the fovea moved nasally, and the distance between the superior and inferior vascular arcades increased. Such a change was relevant to the improvement in BCVA, but not metamorphopsia.
Amidst China’s Assertiveness and Indonesia’s Domestic Bureaucratic Politics: The Trajectory of Indonesia’s Response to the South China Sea Dispute under Yudhoyono and Jokowi
Authors: Muaqaffi Gaffar , Sesarianto Kevin Ali
Published: January 2025

This article explains how China's increased assertiveness in recent decades and the bureaucratic politics inside Indonesian government institutions have impacted Indonesia's response to the South China Sea dispute. Different from what others have found, this article will not discuss whether Indonesia's response is proper in dealing with China's assertiveness or vice versa. Instead, by applying the theory of Neoclassical Realism which incorporates the variables of external pressure and domestic politics, this article aspires to compare Indonesia's response under the leadership of Yudhoyono and Jokowi. Conducting a comparative analysis serves as a means to encapsulate and comprehend the trajectory of Indonesia's responses to the South China Sea dispute. Moreover, employing a qualitative descriptive research methodology, this study revealed that the assertive stance of China and Indonesia’s bureaucratic politics have influenced variations in the extent to which Indonesia employs multilateral and unilateral strategies in its response during the leaderships of Yudhoyono and Jokowi. Based on these findings, this article also formulates a model explaining Indonesia’s response to the South China Sea dispute.
The Influence of Acculturative Stress on Peer Support Through Depression and Aggression Among the Multicultural Adolescents: Focusing on the Moderated Mediation Effects of Coping Strategies and Gender Differences
Authors:   Multicultural Education Studies, Jang Yumin , Chung Grace H
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to identify moderated mediation effects of coping strategies on the relationship between multicultural adolescents’ acculturative stress, depression, aggression and peer support and to examine gender differences. We analyzed data from 269 Korean-born middle school students with Korean fathers and marriage immigrant mothers using SPSS PROCESS macro. The main results of this study are as follows. The mediating effect of depression in the relationship between acculturative stress and peer support was found in both male and female, while the mediating effect of aggression was found only in males. Further, for male multicultural adolescents, the moderated mediation effect of emotion-focused maladaptive coping through depression and emotion-focused adaptive coping through aggression was found. Findings suggest intervention for multicultural adolescents’ peer support should consider coping strategies and gender differences.
Analysis of the Knowledge Paradigm of Qualitative Research on Multicultural Education in Korea: Based on Lather's Classification
Authors:   Multicultural Education Studies, Choi Sooan
Published: January 2025

This study explores the knowledge paradigms that form the qualitative research on multicultural education in Korea. It refers to Lather's (2007) classification of qualitative research knowledge paradigms using 'Understand,' 'Emancipate,' and 'Deconstruct.' ‘Understand’ focuses on contextual understanding or exploring phenomena, ‘Emancipate’ emphasizes practical approaches to social change, and ‘Deconstruct’ explores multilayered perspectives beyond fixed knowledge structures. This study uses these analytical criteria to map multicultural education knowledge in Korea and propose future directions. To this end, 112 qualitative studies published in the representative academic journals on multicultural education in Korea, 'Multicultural Education Studies' and 'Cultural Exchange and Multicultural Education' from 2008 to 2024 were analyzed by three paradigms. The study results showed that the paradigm of 'Understand' is emphasized in qualitative research on multicultural education in Korea, and the paradigms of 'Emancipate' and 'Deconstruct' have relatively limited focus. In terms of methodological aspects, the methodology and knowledge paradigm were mixed, and the bias of research participants was identified as an essential task to be solved. This study proposed a more refined reconfiguration of the stages of Korean multicultural education, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach between methodological rigor and flexibility, in-depth exploration of the positions of research participants, and collaborative, interactive research approaches.
Las brechas laborales que afectan a las mujeres desde la perspectiva de las ciencias económicas: un análisis de la producción científica en la base de datos Scopus
Authors: Maldonado Emanuel José , González-Argote Denis , Eslava-Zapata Rolando , Pérez-Gamboa Alfredo Javier
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Objective: This study examines how gender gaps impact female labor participation from an economic perspective, drawing on academic literature available in the SCOPUS database between 2014 and 2024.

Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining a bibliometric study with qualitative thematic analysis. This approach facilitated the evaluation of relevant publications by identifying co-authorship networks, term frequencies, and the main themes addressed in the analyzed articles.

Results: The findings reveal a persistent underrepresentation of women in leadership roles and high-tech sectors. Additionally, there is increasing attention to the effects of gender gaps on health-disease processes and evidence of structural biases that hinder equitable access for women to the labor market. Key trends in the scientific production on this topic and its growing impact were also identified. The results underscore the need to integrate gender perspectives into economic policies to effectively address these inequalities. The study offers two data matrices that outline potential lines of action to promote gender equity and enhance female economic participation.

Conclusions: Economic sciences play a critical role in designing strategies that not only highlight challenges associated with gender gaps but also promote practical and effective solutions. This is particularly relevant in Latin American contexts, where unique economic and social structures pose specific challenges.
Job Analysis for Mental Health Occupational Therapists
Authors:   The Korean Society of Occupational Therapy, Shin Chihwan , Yoo Eun-Young , Jung Min-Ye , Lee Ji-Yoeun
Published: January 2025

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the duties and tasks of mental health occupational therapists, derives core duties, and create a job analysis sheet.
Methods: The job analysis method used for this study was the DACUM (i.e., “Developing a Curriculum”) method.In the first stage, literature on job analyses of occupational therapists and mental health specialists in other positions was examined, and an open survey was conducted. In the second stage, duties and tasks of mental health occupational therapists were derived through the first validation, an expert workshop, and a second validation. In the third stage, the importance, difficulty, and frequency of performance were investigated. The coefficient of determination was calculated, and core jobs were designated. In the fourth stage, a job analysis sheet was prepared.
Results: The duties and 95 tasks were derived. Among the duties, “education and counseling”was the most important, “emergency management” was the most difficult, and “resource management” scored highest for performance frequency. The task with the highest relative value was “emergency situation management.”
Conclusion: We believe that the study findings provide basic data necessary for mental health occupational therapists to perform their job and should be helpful in the curriculum.
Impact of Social Support and Mental Health on the Quality of Life of the Homeless Living in Facilities
Authors:   The Korean Society of Occupational Therapy, Jo Yun-Hui , Kim Deok-Ju
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study examined the impact of social support and mental health on the quality of life (QOL) of homeless people living in facilities.
Methods: This study, which enrolled 85 homeless people living in facilities, was conducted from September 1, 2024, to October 31, 2024. General characteristics, social support, depression, anxiety, subjective memory complaints, and quality of life (QOL) measurements were assessed. Correlations were investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficients, and the impact of social support and mental health on QOL was analyzed using multiple regression analysis.
Results: Subjective memory complaints correlated with physical decline in depression and anxiety. Most social support items were positively correlated with QOL, with informational support having the most significant impact. Depression and anxiety showed a negative correlation with QOL, particularly the emotions of depression and anxiety, which had a particularly strong impact on QOL.
Conclusion: It is necessary to develop emotional support and professional rehabilitation programs for the homeless. In addition, it is necessary to support homeless people living in facilities to help them live in harmony with members of the community and gain experience with continuous community participation.
Evaluation of pre-analytical factors impacting urine test strip and chemistry results
Authors: Bohn Mary Kathryn , Fabros Anselmo , Di Meo Ashley
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Careful consideration of the pre-analytical process for urine examination is essential to avoid errors and support accurate results and decision-making. Our objective was to assess the impact of various pre-analytical factors on urine test strip and quantitative chemistry results, including stability, tube type, fill volume, and centrifugation.

Methods

Residual random urine specimens were identified. Stability of 10 urine test strips and 13 quantitative chemistry parameters were assessed at eight time points (2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h) at room temperature (RT) and 2–8 °C (n=10–20 samples). The effect of additional pre-analytical variables was assessed, including using preservative tubes for urine chemistry as well as preservative tube underfilling and centrifugation on urine test strip results (n=10 samples).

Results

Seven of the ten urine tests strips evaluated met the minimal agreement criteria for stability (Cohen’s kappa >0.70) across all conditions. A Cohen’s kappa value of <0.70 was observed for pH (48 h), glucose (72 h), and protein (96 h) at RT. All 13 urine chemistry analytes remained stable at defined time points and conditions. Underfilling preservative tubes for urine test strips and centrifugation demonstrated no significant effect. The impact of using preservative tubes for urine chemistry was negligible with the exception of sodium and osmolality.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the pre-analytical factors that impact urine specimen evaluation and may be useful in informing clinical laboratory practices. Acceptable stability window for urine test strips should be considered in the context of the proportion of pathological samples evaluated.
The Story of a Model: The First-Order Diagonal Bilinear Autoregression
Authors: Franses Philip Hans
Published: January 2025

This paper deals with a detailed analysis of the first-order diagonal bilinear time series model, first proposed in Granger and Andersen (1978. An Introduction to Bilinear Time Series Models. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht). This model allows for sequences of “outliers” in the data. We show that the model has a variety of features that we can observe in practice, while we also document that the bilinear features show up in just a limited number of observations. When the moment restrictions are close, parameter estimation becomes difficult. When the parameters are further away from the moment restrictions, parameter estimation is easy. Yet, in those latter cases, approximative linear models appear to generate equally accurate fit and forecasts. In sum, in cases of proper inference on a bilinear model, the model is barely relevant for forecasting.
Cord blood nucleated red blood cell level: is it a predictive marker for neonatal jaundice?
Authors: Orhon Alper , Topal Hatice , Hakan Nilay , Ozer Esra Arun
Published: January 2025

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate if the cord blood nucleated red blood cell (nRBC) levels can predict the development of hyperbilirubinemia in healthy neonates.

Methods

All healthy newborn infants born after 35 or more weeks of gestation at our hospital between January 2016 and April 2017 were included. The levels of nRBC were counted in umbilical cord blood samples. Neonates were grouped into two study groups based on the presence or absence of neonatal jaundice.

Results

The study included overall 149 eligible newborn infants. The levels of nRBC and absolute nRBC count showed statistically significant differences between newborns with or without jaundice (p=0.01 and 0.02, respectively).

Conclusions

We suggest that increased nRBC counts in cord blood may be a predictive marker for hyperbilirubinemia in healthy newborn infants.
Protein carbonylation in freshly diagnosed hypothyroidism is independent of thyrotropin levels
Authors: Chandra Kailash , Iqbal Johar
Published: January 2025

Background

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder with female preponderance. Protein carbonyls (cP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) are generated due to protein and lipid peroxidation, respectively. Oxidative stress (OS) in freshly diagnosed hypothyroidism met with conflicting data in the research. And, a clear relationship between OS and early hypothyroidism is very limited and obscure. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between levels of MDA vs. thyrotropin (TSH) and cP vs. TSH among freshly diagnosed hypothyroid subjects.

Methods

We collected blood samples of 80 hypothyroid subjects prior to initiation of thyroxine therapy to know the association between OS and freshly diagnosed hypothyroidism. Serum MDA, cP along with total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacylglycerols (TG) were quantified in patients as well as 80 age- and sex-matched control subjects.

Results

Levels of MDA and cP were significantly elevated among hypothyroid subjects as compared to control. The rise in MDA levels positively correlated with TSH values among the patients. In addition, cP levels were substantially elevated as compared to MDA values; however, it does not correlate with TSH among hypothyroid subjects.

Conclusions

Our study found no relationship between cP and TSH in freshly diagnosed hypothyroidism. Though it may be due to differential degradation of protein peroxidation products, the mechanism needs further elucidation in future studies.