bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing crop resistance to root nematodes through advanced breeding techniques
Authors: Ukpene A.O. , Oduma E.O.
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using nematode-resistant maize and cassava in Nigeria to improve farmers' sustainability and reduce pest pressures. Nematodes significantly impact global crop yield and availability, necessitating the development of resistant cultivars to reduce yield losses and reliance on chemical control measures. Field experiments were conducted in Agbor-Nta, Nigeria, using Resistant Variety A and Resistant Variety D developed from CRISPRCas9 and Marker Assisted Selection. The study found that Resistant Variety A reduced nematode count by 80%, increased yields, and higher net profits. Resistant Variety D also showed reasonable nematode control and economic returns, significantly reducing the nematode population to 12 per gram, achieving a 76% reduction. The adoption rate of CRISPR-Cas9 developed Resistant Variety A reached 50% by 2024. The study underscored the importance of advanced breeding technologies in producing nematode-resistant crops for farming sustainability and economies. The application of germplasm from CRISPR-Cas9 and MAS techniques successfully improved genetic improvement, reduced pest pressures, and enhanced yields. These findings align with efforts to improve agricultural sustainability by promoting  reliable crop types to maintain food supply and economic stability in agricultural-dependent areas.
Assessment of bacterial and fungal contamination of herbal mixture vended within Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Shitu S. , Musa M. O. , Ibekwe S. E.
Published: September 2024

The consumption of herbal mixtures among Nigerians have been on the increase in recent years. Many herbal mixtures sold to the general public are likely to be contaminated by a diverse range of potentially pathogenic microorganisms due to lack of good manufacturing practices (GMPs). Therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the bacterial and fungal profile of herbal mixtures sold within the Kaduna metropolis. A total of twenty samples of herbal mixtures were randomly purchased fromfour distinct locations within the Kaduna metropolis. The samples were subjected to microbiological analysis using standard methods. Bacterial genera isolated from the herbal mixture samples include Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. while the fungal genera were Aspergillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. Herbal mixture obtained from Mandao and Malali district had the highest (9.68±1.70×105CFU/ml) and lowest (6.60±0.43×105CFU/ml) bacterial load while the corresponding fungal load involved samples obtained from Central market (1.48±11.25×104 CFU/ml) and Tudun Wada (1.48± 3.11 ×103 CFU/ml), respectively. Bacillus sp. (60%) and Aspergillus sp. (45%) were the dominant bacterial and fungal genera, respectively. Given the substantial microbial contamination of herbal mixtures and the potential pathogenicity of certain isolates, it is imperative to ensure that herbalists are wellinformed about the principles and implementation of GMPs. It is recommended that regular microbiological monitoring of herbal mixtures should be conducted.
Microbiological quality assessment of exposed Garri sold in selected markets in Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Adesemoye E.T. , Oyewunmi T.T. , Lawal A.M. , Idowu A.G. , Adeniyi A.G. , Odusina P.A. , Adeyemi S.A.
Published: September 2024

A common Nigerian fermented staple meal, garri can become contaminated during manufacturing, marketing and storage by a variety of germs, which could be harmful to consumers' health. In this work, isolates from garri sold in Oye-Ekiti Local Government Area were phenotypically and molecularly characterized. Nine samples were purchased from three different markets using sterile paper bags and examined in the laboratory. Based on morphological characteristics and biochemicaltests, the organisms isolated and their frequency of occurrence were Staphylococcus spp. (15 %), Bacillus spp. (70 %) and Enterobacter spp. (15 %) and Aspergillus spp. (100 %). Molecular characterization of two distinct Bacillus spp. identified them as Bacillus subtilis and Brevibacillus brevis exhibiting 85.9 % and 98.8 % percentage similarities, respectively. In order to minimize the level of contamination of garri by hazardous microorganisms, local processors of the product should be trained and retrained on food handling, food packaging, sanitation and hygienic practices.
Histological changes in the bronchi of the adult Wistar rat following exposure to cement dust
Authors: Ehi-Omosun M.B. , Iyawe V.I. , Sakpa C.L.
Published: September 2024

Cement dust is a harmful air pollutant. Previous research has linked cement dust to respiratory disease, but its effects on bronchi are poorly understood. The present study examined the impact of cement dust on body weight and bronchial function in Wistar rats. Twenty four Wistar rats between250g and 280g were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group A rats were placed in a cement dust free chamber while Group B - D animals were exposed to cement dust dispersed from 5g, 10g and 20g of cement, respectively via dust distributor glass-chamber of dimensions 32.5 cm3 × 32.5 cm3 × 16.5 cm3 for 1 hour daily for 30 days. The weights of the rats were taken weekly and the difference between them and previous weights were noted. After 28 days, animals were euthanized and bronchiwere collected for histology. Body weight significantly increased (P<0.05) in all groups. The control group had the highest  eight gain compared to the exposed groups. The histological sections of the bronchi of rats in Group A revealed normal bronchi. There were observable histological variations in the bronchial architecture of the exposed rats (Group B-D) which include mucosal ulceration, mucosal infiltrates of inflammatory cells, activated lymphoid follicles and luminal haemorrhage. Histological findings are consistent with usual histological features in bronchiectasis. Cement dust had histomorphological effects on the bronchiwhich are capable of compromising the health of the research animals.
Effects of aqueous seed extract of Garcinia kola on spray paint-induced histological changes in the lungs of Wistar rats
Authors: Ehi-Omosun M.B. , Mukoro S.E.
Published: September 2024

The most common cause of lung diseases among people with spray paint-related occupations is hydrocarbon poisoning which has significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aqueous seed extract of Garcinia kola on spray paint-induced interstitial pneumonitis in the adult Wistar rats. Thirty adult Wistar rats weighing between 240 g and 270 g were divided into five groups of six rats each. Animals in group A were placed on feed and water only. Animals in group B were exposed to 100 ml of spray paintfumes via inhalation. Animals in group C received 500mg/kg body weight per day of Garcinia kola. Animals in group D were exposed to 100 ml of spray paint fumes via inhalation and received 250mg/kg body weight per day of Garcinia kola. Animals in group E were exposed to 100 ml of spray paint fumes via inhalation and received 500mg/kg body weight per day of Garcinia kola. The extract was administered for 30 consecutive days via an orogastric tube. Groups A, C, D and E revealed normal histoarchitecture of the lung; normal alveoli and normal interstitial space. There were observable histological variations in the lung tissues of Group B rats which include severe alveolar dilation, interstitial haemorrhage, interstitial infiltrates of inflammatory cells, severe vascular ulceration and congestion (evidence of interstitial pneumonitis). It is concluded that Garcinia kolahasan ameliorative effect on spray paint-induced histological changes in the lungs of Wistar rats.
Modeling and mining higher-order networks built from sequences
Authors: Queiros Julie , Queyroi François
Published: September 2024

Higher-order networks are a class of graphs that incorporate “memory no-des” in order to take into account the indirect interactions that can existin sequential data. They differ from so-called “order 1” networks, whichonly take direct relationships into account. In this article, we provide anoverview of this concept, detailing their construction and the mining tech-niques that can be employed. We present the Python package honyx, whichcontains algorithms already available in the literature. We propose a tuto-rial on its use through a case study of commercial flight itineraries in theUnited States. We also discuss some of the challenges and future directionsin the field.

Les réseaux d'ordre supérieur sont une classe de réseaux qui intègrent des "noeuds-mémoires" afin de prendre en compte les interactions pouvant exister dans des données séquentielles, par opposition aux réseaux dits d'"ordre 1" qui ne prennent en compte que les relations directes. Dans cet article, nous donnons un aperçu de ce concept en détaillant leur construction et les techniques de fouille qui peuvent être employées. Nous proposons un didacticiel sur un cas d'étude utilisant une implémentation de notre part des algorithmes présents dans la littérature. Nous abordons également certains des défis et des orientations futures dans ce domaine.
CRISPR-Cas systems: A revolution in genome editing and its diverse applications
Authors: Lin Joseph , Yang Jun
Published: September 2024

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) Cas (CRISPR6 associated protein) system is an advanced adaptive immune system found in prokaryotes. First discovered in1987, CRISPR Cas has revolutionized genetic research in the past two decades. CRISPR-Cas9 the most widespread system enables precise gene editing by creating double strand breaks. Its ease of use and cost-effectiveness has lowered the barrier to entry for genetic research. CRISPR holds immense potential in many fields from agriculture to medicine. In agriculture, CRISPR has accelerated crop improvement by enabling precise gene edits for desirable traits. In medicine, CRISPR holds promise in xenotransplant, cancers and infectious diseases (HIV) treatment. This review traces the historical development of CRISPR-Cas systems, explores their unique applications, and discusses future advancements aimed at enhancing CRISPR’s precision and expanding its applications through technologies like prime and base editing.
Espaço igbó: saberes ecológicos de (re)existência nas comunidades de terreiro
Authors: Santos Flávio Henrique de Oliveira , Souza Thiago Ortiz Corrêa de
Published: September 2024

Das comunidades de terreiros emergem múltiplas percepções assentadas nas relações estabelecidas com o ambiente. Neste sentido partimos das performances-rituais destes territórios para evocam os saberes ecológicos de existência que projetam outros mundos possíveis partindo dos espaços igbó (mato). O estudo de cunho qualitativo e natureza exploratória busca tecer através da oralidade dos povos tradicionais a interlocução entre saberes ecológicos, performances e aprendizagem evidenciando epistemologias que contrapõe a lógica colonial. Salientamos que este texto ousa em sua gênese ofertar um ebó epistemológico que contrapõe perspectivas que negam ao mundo os povos tradicionais de matriz africana, considerando a oralidade como instrumento de performance.
“Da nossa história quem sabe somos nós”: memória, saberes e práxis de r-existência entre os Tenetehar-Tembé
Authors: Ribeiro Benedito Emílio da Silva
Published: September 2024

Este artigo busca analisar elementos da história e cotidiano do povo Tenetehar-Tembé, da Terra Indígena Alto Rio Guamá (nordeste paraense), a partir de suas próprias memórias e narrativas, que elucidam experiências de vida diante de situações de tutela e violência na região. Nesse ponto, a memória dos mais velhos é importante para entender os pormenores do passado indígena recontado pelos Tembé, cujas vivências extrapolam as dimensões objetivas registradas pela documentação oficial. Através da etnografia e da história oral, enquanto metodologias necessárias ao trabalho com os povos indígenas, foi possível acessar uma realidade outra, narrada a partir do ponto de vista Tembé, que denuncia as arbitrariedades chanceladas, em certo grau, pela FUNAI e centraliza o papel dos Tenetehar-Tembé nesses processos históricos. Entre os povos indígenas, a oralidade é um elo importante de transmissão intergeracional e aprendizados sobre a história, os saberes tradicionais e as práticas culturais que demarcam sua indianidade, e constroem a memória coletiva ancestral. Desse modo, o protagonismo indígena é reiterado e inserido num conjunto de ações construído pelos Tembé para defender seu território, afirmar sua identidade étnica e garantir assim a sua existência enquanto povo.
Ernesto Che Guevara e a Revolução Cultural Mundial de 1968 em Cuba
Authors: Rojas Carlos Antonio Aguirre
Published: September 2024

A partir do contexto geral dos múltiplos "68’s", que compõem as peças do quebra-cabeça da Revolução Cultural Mundial de 1968, queremos nos concentrar, neste ensaio, em particular, no movimento cubano de 68, ou seja, na maneira singular como essa revolução mundial se tornou presente na ilha rebelde e insurrecional do Caribe, que, em 1º de janeiro de 1959, derrotou e derrubou o governo de Fulgencio Batista e lançou um projeto de transformação radicalmente anticapitalista de toda a sociedade cubana como um todo. Neste breve ensaio, queremos analisar também, e especialmente, o papel desempenhado pela importante figura de Ernesto Che Guevara nesse singular e específico 1968 cubano, que, em termos mais gerais, não foi apenas o principal teórico do processo global fundamental que foi a Revolução Cubana durante seu estágio inicial, mas também um promotor ativo e uma força motriz, bem como um intérprete muito sensível e receptivo, das profundas mudanças que a revolução cultural de 1968 exigiu e implicou na ilha de Cuba, mas também em geral.
A Estrutura Fundiária como Documento Da/Na Cidade: A cobrança Do Imposto Territorial Urbano em Carangola/MG
Authors: Lucena Wilma Guedes de
Published: September 2024

A estrutura fundiária brasileira demonstra que a concentração de terras constitui a formação territorial e urbanização brasileiros. Assim, assumimos uma perspectiva teórica que entende a própria estrutura fundiária como documento que evidencia a natureza sócio-histórica dos ditos processos. Objetivamos discutir essa estrutura a partir da apropriação privada da terra e da produção de cidades no contexto das primeiras décadas dos novecentos, investigando particularmente a cidade de Carangola/MG. Esse recorte temporal envolve as intensas transformações urbanas resultantes da produção e comercialização do café que alterou potencialmente a dinâmica imobiliária ali conformada. Para a análise, elegemos informações como a quantidade de imóveis urbanos sobre os quais incidia o imposto territorial e predial, bem como proprietários, valores e dívidas atrelados a esses bens. Compilamos dados dos livros de notas e jornais disponíveis no Museu municipal de Carangola. Os resultados ajudam na compreensão do processo de urbanização em Carangola e na Zona da Mata mineira; e, encorpam uma leitura que entende a estrutura fundiária como um registro material e um documento que se apresenta na paisagem hodierna do despojo que constituiu (e ainda constitui) a propriedade fundiária nas cidades brasileiras.
Evaluation of Cloud Masking Methods using Sentinel-2 Satellite Images on Google Earth Engine: A Case Study in Vietnam
Authors: Hang Le Minh , Hung Bui Xuan , Nga Nguyen Thi Thu , Pham Mai Phuong , Khanh Nguyen Quoc
Published: September 2024

The production of cloudless images from the optical satellite are critical in Earth surface monitoring. In 2015,Sentinel-2A was successfully launched into orbit by the European Space Agency. Sentinel-2 imagery is currently theprimary source of data for Earth monitoring. There are several ways to create cloudless images from multi-temporalSentinel-2 optical satellite imagery on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. These include the Fmask (Function ofmask) method, the Fmask CDI (Cloud Displacement Index) method, and the Fmask CSP (Cloud Score Plus) method. Inthis paper, the authors build a program and evaluate the cloud masking methods on the GEE platform in Song Hinhdistrict, Phu Yen province, which is situated in the South-Central Coast region of Central Vietnam. The Song Hinh districtis a suitable study area for the evaluation of cloud masking methods on optical satellite images due to its diverse andcomplex terrain, which includes numerous peaks and valleys and a variety of climatic conditions. This article illustratesthe results of three cloud masking methods on Sentinel-2 images. In contrast to the Fmask method, the Fmask CDI andFmask CSP methods provide more benefits in detecting clouds and cloud shadows, resulting in more accurate outcomes
EFFECTIVENESS OF CSR COMPANION COMMUNICATION RELATIONSHIP TOWARDS PROGRAM SUCCESS RATE (CASE STUDY ON CSR PROGRAM TO REDUCE STUNTING PT PLN INDONESIA POWER UBP JERANJANG WEST LOMBOK)
Authors: Febriani Baiq I'ing Nadia , Fajarica Shinta Desiyana , Budiyanto Teguh , Dwiputri Tristiayu Permata
Published: September 2024

Stunting represents a developmental impairment in children resulting from malnutrition, recurrent infections, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. Addressing this issue requires comprehensive strategies and concerted efforts. As part of the initiative to reduce stunting prevalence, PT PLN Indonesia Power UBP Jeranjang has implemented a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program aimed at alleviating stunting through training and supplementary feeding (PMT), in collaboration with CSR facilitators from the company. Effective communication by these facilitators plays a crucial role in the program's success. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the existence of a positive and significant relationship between the effectiveness of CSR facilitator communication at PT PLN Indonesia Power UBP Jeranjang in West Lombok and the success of the CSR program in reducing stunting. The research adopts a quantitative approach. Data were gathered through questionnaire and document analysis. Data analysis employed Spearman Rank correlation and descriptive statistics. The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between CSR facilitator communication effectiveness and program success, with a significance level of 0.002 and a correlation coefficient of 0.383. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.
Faktor - Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan STBM di Desa Lhok Makmur Kecamatan Simeulue Barat, Kabupaten Simeulue Tahun 2023
Authors: Julisma Julisma , Darmawan Darmawan , Murdani Ihsan , Kiswanto Kiswanto , Anwar Sufyan
Published: September 2024

Lhok Makmur Village located in West Simeulue Sub-District, Simeulue Regency, most of the community has not accessed STBM eitherpillars 1-5 STBM, which was caused by a lack of community willingness to access the STBM program. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence STBM in Lhok Makmur Villager. The method used in this study was quantitative with an observational design through a cross sectional approach, the population in this study were 236 families, the sample in this study were 80 heads of families (KK) or housewives (IRT) the sampling technique was carried out by random  sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed using Univariate  and Bivariate Analysis with the help of the SPSS version 26 application. The results of the  study based on the results of Bivariate Analysis on the variables of education (p value =  0.073), occupation (p value = 0.584), income (p value = 1.000), there was no statistically  significant effect with the dependent variable, while on the awareness variable (p value =  0.019), and the participation variable (p value = 0.001) there was a significant effect with the  dependent variable, in the community in Lhok Makmur Village, West Simeulue District, Simeulue Regency. The conclusion of the five independent variables studied was that there are two variables that have an impact, namely, (community awareness and community participation) while the variables (education, employment, income) do not have a statistically significant effect on the dependent variable (STBM). Suggestions for the Puskesmas Sanggiran to be able to collaborate with the Village Apparatus to involve active participation or community empowerment to increase more understanding of the importance of access to STBM programs.
Kekaburan Norma Hukum Hubungan Industrial tentang Force Majeur Saat Menghadapi Kondisi Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Ra’is Agus Salim , Suhariyanto Didik , Ismail Ismail
Published: September 2024

This study examines the ambiguity of legal norms related to industrial relations in the context of force majeure during the Covid-19 pandemic. The main focus is on the provisions of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation, which regulates termination of employment (PHK) and force majeure conditions. It was found that force majeure provisions that have not undergone changes or revisions in the latest law have caused legal uncertainty, allowing employers to carry out unilateral layoffs without the obligation to pay severance pay. This ambiguity of norms results in violations of the principles of legality, legal certainty, and utility, and has a negative impact on labor protection, especially in crisis situations such as the pandemic.
Pemanfaatan Humas Siber pada Akun Instagram Band Musik Dangdut Guyon Waton
Authors: Rusfien Ismail Taufik , Adesty Maurent Nisa
Published: September 2024

This research aims to find out how the band Guyon Waton's cyber public relations is used on Instagram. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach which uses the concept of Puspitasari and Purwani theory which is generally carried out through the use of Cyber Public Relations namely, Constant Internet Communication, Fast Internet Response, Internet Global Market, Interactive, Two-way Communication, and Economical . The results of this research show that the use of cyber public relations on Instagram by the Guyon Waton band is quite good in several ways based on analysis, namely, constant internet communication, fast internet response, global internet market, interactive, two-way communication, and economical. Guyon Waton has a characteristic of uploading funny content and follower content to keep his followers connected and active. The conclusion is that Guyon Waton uses Instagram as a medium for publicizing band activities. In its use, Guyon Waton carries out communication in a unique way, namely replying to DM messages which are then uploaded to Instagram stories. Apart from that, another unique way is to upload funny memes and some viral content to bring to life the meaning of Guyon Waton itself, namely outrageous jokes. In this unique way, Guyon Waton has so many fans that it has earned the title of band with the most followers in Indonesia at 1.5 million followers.
Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authors and citations citizenship education into secondary school physical education lessons in Indonesia: an approach to reducing character degradation
Authors: Harmanto Harmanto , Setyawan Hendra , Hamsyah Khairul , Umar Fadilah , Safrudin Safrudin , Bahriyanto Ahmad , Yeni Melda , Ginting Andarias , Novita Novita , Nurkadri Nurkadri , Darmawan Arief , HB Gusliana , Pranoto Nuridin Widya , Pavlovic Ratko
Published: September 2024

The study seeks to examine the incorporation of citizenship education into Physical Education (PE) classes in Indonesia to mitigate character degradation. Employing the systematic literature review methodology, the study collected data by searching from Google Scholar, specifically focusing on journal articles indexed in the Scopus databases. In addition, the articles must be published between 2019 and 2024. The keywords were specified as the following: "Integration AND Civic Education AND Character AND Physical Education AND Junior High School AND Indonesia". The PRISMA technique was used during the article identification process. The study found 13 articles that aligned with the theme and met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that incorporating civic education into physical education (PE) at Junior High School (SMP) in Indonesia successfully mitigated student character degradation. Some principles that contribute to this mitigation and helped students cultivate stronger characters were tolerance, collaboration, and responsibility. This integration facilitates the construction of a comprehensive educational curriculum that encompasses not only physical components but also the cultivation of character and civic values. As a result, it contributes to the building of a morally upright and ethically conscious generation of students.
Keywords: Integration, Civic Education, Character, Physical Education, Junior High School
Environmental psychological characteristic: coach capabilities support grassroots football player development in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Akbar Amin , Karim Zulakbal Abd , Zakaria Jaffry , You Mengjia , Bahtra Ridho , Cahyani Firunika Intan
Published: September 2024

Coach capability is one of the primary keys in sports coaching, especially at the grassroots football level. Coaches are essential in conveying information, motivating, and building positive relationships with young players. This study aims to find out how the capabilities of coaches can help the development of grassroots football players in Indonesia and Malaysia. This research uses a qualitative approach using the Grounded Theory method as the foundation used to formulate the data collection process by meeting with 25 coaches with a coaching license and a minimum of 5 years of experience. Data analysis in the research in this study went through several steps, including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, to identify emerging themes. In addition, the researcher used NVivo 14, a qualitative analysis program, to assist the researcher in grouping the research data to find the main themes. The results showed that the approach used will be able to help grass players develop into professional players, the expected capabilities of the coach are related to the passion of the coach, trust in the player, patience, and communication of the coach in providing encouragement and motivation and the ability to listen actively to understand the needs and feelings of the player. This study highlights the importance of coach capabilities in shaping the fundamentals of physical, technique, tactics, and sportsmanship values in grassroots football players in Indonesia and Malaysia. In conclusion, the capabilities of coaches can improve the quality of coaching, develop players' potential, and create a positive and inclusive learning environment.
Keywords: Environmental, Psychological Characteristic, Grassroots, Football Player, Indonesia, Malaysia
Az UEFA 2020 labdarúgó Európa-Bajnokság Budapesten rendezett mérkőzésein való passzív sportfogyasztói részvétel motivációs vizsgálata
Authors: Csiza Marton
Published: September 2024

The aim of the present research was to explore the preferences of spectators and the factors that influence their participation in sporting events. The subject of the study was the UEFA 2020 European Football Championship matches in Budapest. Of the approximately 150 respondents, more than 2/3 were men aged 18-40. The fans in the survey prefer betting matches. The main reasons for attending the UEFA 2020 European Football Championship matches in Budapest were the expected good atmosphere, the chance to cheer for the home team, a social programme with friends and acquaintances, and the opportunity to spend some free time and have fun. The least motivating factor was the lack of a better programme and the lack of promotional products offered by the sponsors. During the visit, the participants were most satisfied with the facility and its accessibility, but criticised the range of products in the buffet, considered the service time too long and missed the show (audience entertainment) elements on site. The survey showed that more emphasis should be placed on entertainment elements, Fan Zone programmes and the opportunity to meet the stars. The points that were criticised, such as the range of products and service times of the buffet, could be solved by using mobile buffets that serve the customers walking through the stands during the match.
A háború társadalmi-gazdasági hatásainak vizsgálata a kárpátaljai kistérségi önkormányzatok vonatkozásában
Authors: Gábor Pataki
Published: September 2024

Since 2022, the Russian-Ukrainian war has been a major focus of everyday life and scientific research. From a Hungarian perspective, it has had a significant impact on the national economy. However, it is also important to monitor the socio-economic effects on the indigenous Hungarians living in Transcarpathia, which have profoundly affected their existence. The scope for analysis is wide, but the present study combines an analysis of the impact of the war with an examination of the so-called "small regions" that have been created in recent years and the population living there.
First, I will present a literature review on the socio-economic impacts of war in general. Then, using a sample of empirical research, I will analyze the situation of three small regions along the border of Transcarpathia in the period 2021-2023.
As a result of the research, it can be concluded that the differences between the local government groupings are not only influenced by their economic strength, demographic framework, and other social factors, but also by the timing of the study - whether it was conducted before the war, immediately after its outbreak, or a year and a half later. It follows that there is a measure of war exhaustion in society, both economically and psychologically, affecting hope for the future. Therefore, it would be important to have the possibility of reconstruction as soon as possible after the degrading state of war.
Uroflowmetry: nomograms in healthy young Pakistani men
Authors: Sheikh Masood Ahmed , Ali Shahzad , Khan Ayesha
Published: September 2024

Objective: To create a nomogram based on urine volume and flow of males without lower urinary tract symptoms.
Method: The prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Urological Surgery and Transplantation, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from November 1, 2020, to October 31, 2022, and comprised healthy young males without lower urinary tract dysfunction who were recruited from the hospital as well as a large textile mill. They were asked to void on their normal desire. Uroflowmetry was done to determine maximum flow rate, average flow rate, and void volume values. A best-fit regression model was used to formulate uroflowmetry nomogram using average and maximum urine flow rate over voided volume. The sample size was calculated using PASS 2020 Power Analysis and Sample Size Software (2020). NCSS, LLC. Kaysville, Utah, USA. The database was developed on NCSS 2020 Statistical Software (2020). NCSS, LLC. Kaysville, Utah, USA for the data analysis.
Results: Of the 468 male subjects enrolled, data was analysed related to 432(92.3%). The mean age was 25.59±4.32 years. Mean maximum flow rate, average flow rate and void volume were 25.28±8.70mL/s, 14.77±4.79mL/s and 405.48±163.86mL, respectively. The association of age was noted with maximum flow rate (r=0.1435, p=0.004), average flow rate (r=0.1135, p=0.004) and void volume (r=0.0619, p=0.004). The best-fitted model for maximum and average flow rate was subsequently developed which was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The nomograms developed could reliably predict the maximal flow rate in young Pakistani men.
Key Words: Nomogram, Maximum flow rate, Lower urinary tract symptoms, Pakistan.
Extended duration linagliptin nanoparticles: a novel, safe and effective future of diabetes treatment?
Authors: Hamayal Muhammad , Mahmud Saira , Shahid Warda
Published: September 2024

Dear Editor,
Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a chronic disease characterised by hyperglycaemia caused by either underproduction of insulin or defective insulin action, has become more prevalent globally; affecting 1 in every 10 adults over the past years with type 2 diabetes being more common in the low- and middle-income countries and type 1 in high-income countries (1). Pakistan, being a lower-middle-income country, has a 26.7% prevalence of diabetes and age-adjusted comparative prevalence of 30.8% affecting 1 in approximately every 4th adult (2). The current guidelines for the management of diabetes include insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas, and sodium-glucose co-transporters type 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. However, hypoglycaemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal problems and contraindication of their use in patients with pre-existing renal diseases pose problems for clinicians. Poor patient compliance in following the regular antidiabetic regimen also make treatment plans ineffective. Thus, newer drugs are constantly being researched (3).
Metformin has been an excellent treatment option with only a slight risk for some specific patients to develop lactic acidosis. It is the most commonly prescribed medication for DM. Another drug, Linagliptin (Lina) was approved by the FDA in 2011 as an effective dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor for the treatment of DM. It has been used as monotherapy and in combination with dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, for the treatment of diabetes in patients with a history of metformin therapy. However, its use was limited due to its low bioavailability (4). Recent research suggests that the extended duration (ED) Lina via the use of poly d, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymers in nanoparticle form could be beneficial in the management of type 2 DM. It has an increased bioavailability, fewer reported side effects and a reduced need for regular dosage. Furthermore, the use of nanoparticles facilitates a targeted delivery of the drug which may omit the pain that is caused by the use of implants (5).
Lina is also thought to be effective in Type 3 Diabetes which causes Alzheimer’s disease. As dementia can lead to forgetting to take medications regularly, the ED Lina, which is taken once weekly, may be a suitable option. This new formulation is being considered for its better safety profile compared to other antidiabetics and its effectiveness in controlling HbA1C both as monotherapy and in combination therapy (4,6)
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Anxiety, depression and quality of life in dermatology patients at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Hisam Aliya , Zafar Hamayal , Akbar Afnan , Bhatti Rai Salaar sultan , Hussain Muhammad Ramis
Published: September 2024

Objective: To compare the anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life of dermatology patients with healthy individuals in a tertiary care setting.
Method: The case-control study was conducted at the Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from April to September 2022, and comprised adult outpatients and inpatients with diagnosed skin diseases. They were designated as group A, while healthy adults who did not suffer from any dermatological condition formed control group B. Data was collected using a questionnaire which in addition to demographic characteristics, comprised the Dermatology Life Quality Index and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 200 subjects with mean age 30.21±12.09 years, 100(50%) were in group A; 75(75%) males and 25(25%) females with mean age 32.56±13.49 years. The remaining 100(50%) subjects were in group B; 75(75%) males and 25(25%) females with mean age 27.86±10.02. In group A, 71(71%) were outpatients and 29(29%) were inpatients. Quality of life and depression scores were significantly different between inpatients in group A and group B (p<0.05). The difference was significant between outpatients in group A and group B in all categories (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Dermatological diseases had a significant impact on the daily life and psychological health of patients.
Key Words: Anxiety, Depression, Dermatology, Health-related quality of life, Skin disease.
Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO): a dreaded clinical entity
Authors: Khanum Iffat , Kanwar Dureshahwar , Habib Kiren , Mubarak Fatima
Published: September 2024

Objectives: To identify the risk factors and clinical manifestations associated with skull base osteomyelitis.
Method: The retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data from July 2013 to October 2020 related to adult patients of either who presented with base osteomyelitis. All relevant data was retrieved from hospital records. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.
Results: Of the 56 patients with a mean age of 58.12±17.79 years, 39 (69.6%) were males. Diabetes was the most common comorbidity (n 39, 69.6%). The majority of patients had chronic sinusitis (n 34,60.7%) otitis media (n 20, 35.7%) or head and neck surgery (n 18, 32.1%) within the preceding 2 years. The mean duration between onset of symptoms and presentation to healthcare facility was 12±13.96 weeks. The most common presenting symptom was headache (n 38, 68%). The majority of patients (n 34 ,59.6 %) had fungal organisms isolated from tissue culture. Cranial nerve palsies were present in 44 (77%) patients. Out of 56 patients, 22(39.2%) were lost to follow and overall mortality was high (n 11, 19.6%). Sepsis was found to be associated with increased mortality (p=0.008).
Conclusion: Skull base osteomyelitis was associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and posed significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Key Words: Magnetic resonance imaging, Skull base, Infections, Osteomyelitis, Mortality.
Influence of Teachers’ Professional Training and Development on Students’ Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Ndhiwa Sub-County Homabay County, Kenya
Authors: Anyanga Erick , Kwaba Jacob
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The persistent academic underperformance in public secondary schools in Kenyan rural areas has raised concerns among educators, policymakers, and local communities. The purpose of the study is to evaluate how teacher professional training and development influence academic performance. One of the key factors believed to have contributed to this challenge is the lack of sufficient and effective professional training and development programs for teachers. There is a growing need to examine how teachers' professional training and development influence students' academic outcomes. The problem this study seeks to address is the unclear and under-researched relationship between teachers' professional development and students' academic performance in Ndhiwa Sub-County.
Methodology: The study used descriptive research design and 15 public secondary schools, 113 teachers and 522 students were involved in the study as study respondents. The study used document analysis and semi structured questionnaires to collect the quantitative data, which was analyzed through descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages).
Findings: The study reveals that teachers' professional training and development have a significant impact on students' academic performance in public secondary schools in Ndhiwa Sub-County. The findings also indicated that teachers who undergo continuous professional development are better equipped with modern teaching strategies, content knowledge, and student engagement techniques, which in turn positively influence students' academic outcomes. Teachers with higher levels of training and access to ongoing professional development demonstrate improved classroom management, increased use of learner-centered methodologies, and more effective assessment technique.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: From the study findings, the study recommends that schools and educational authorities should develop more structured and regular Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programs that focus on subject-specific training, pedagogical skills, and updated teaching methodologies. This is because the study findings likely indicate that teachers who engage in regular training and development show better performance in student outcomes. The education policy makers should come up with the programs that forge partnerships between secondary schools and local universities or teacher training colleges to provide advanced training opportunities and access to educational research.
Menstruation Knowledge, Stigmatization and Support Perception of Adolescent Boys in a Rural Secondary School in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: L.T. Swende  , M. I. Oseji  , A. N Akwaras  , T. Z Swende  , B.O. Ornguga  , C.U. Ugboaja  , J. Egbiri
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To assess menstruation knowledge and stigmatization and support the perception of adolescent boys in a rural secondary school.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 121 secondary school boys drawn from all classes using a simple random sampling technique. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and perception of menstruation.
Findings: Most of the respondents, 55.4 % were aged between 15-18 years. Those in their fourth-year class (SS1) were more (40.5%). Some felt that menstruation was a disease (13.4%), contagious (24%), and unclean (29.8%). Those with correct knowledge of menarche were 97.5%. Those willing to obtain more knowledge on menstruation were 79.3%. More than half, 57% were unwilling to share food, items, and bedrooms with a menstruating female and 38.8 % believed that women should observe restrictions during their period. Those willing to offer support were 47.9% which was the highest and no support 1.7%. Teasing of girls in their period was reported by 20.6% of the respondents.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: There was good knowledge of menarche. However, misconceptions about menstruation and teasing were observed. This study contributes to theory by exploring boys' perceptions of menstruation and linking their misinformation to menstrual stigma. Practically, it emphasizes the need for educational programs, awareness campaigns, and peer support systems to reduce stigma and improve understanding. On a policy level, it advocates for menstrual education in school curricula, gender equality in health education, and policies addressing cultural misconceptions around adolescent reproductive health. More health education on menstruation needs to be given to secondary school boys.
The Nexus Between Artificial Intelligence and STEM Education Transformation in Nigeria
Authors: Okoye Maureen Chineta , Mante David Anim
Published: September 2024

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into STEM education can revolutionize educational practices and outcomes, particularly in regions facing significant challenges, such as Nigeria. This paper presents a systematic review of the impact of AI on STEM education in Nigeria from 2010 to 2022, addressing the scarcity of expertise and resources that have historically hindered educational progress in the country. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search across databases like Scopus and Web of Science was conducted, identifying 37 relevant empirical and opinion articles that met the study’s inclusion criteria. The findings reveal that AI has enhanced students’ learning capabilities by facilitating personalized and adaptive learning experiences, allowing tailored instruction that meets individual needs. Moreover, AI has bridged accessibility gaps, enabling collaborative learning among geographically dispersed students and providing support for diverse learning needs, including those of students with disabilities. Despite these advancements, the adoption of AI in Nigerian STEM education is still in its nascent stages, facing challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited funding, and a shortage of skilled educators. This study underscores the transformative potential of AI in reshaping Nigeria’s educational landscape and calls for strategic investments to realize its benefits fully.
Assessment of Selected Physicochemical Parameters of Selected Rivers around Umudim Nnewi, Anambra State Nigeria and its Environs in 2024
Authors: Ojo Obasi K. , Austine Nwazunku A. , I. Chukwu Catherine , O. Ede Alison , E. Okereke Eric , M. Eze Peter , Okereke Anunonwu C. C. , Greg Iwuoha , L. Okonji N. , Goodness Eze E. , I. Okonkwo Celestine
Published: September 2024

Background: Water pollution poses a significant threat to public health globally, with negligent disposal of industrial effluents and waste contributing to water quality degradation, particularly in metropolitan regions like Umudim Nnewi, Nigeria. Aim: To evaluate the physicochemical parameters (Total Dissolved Solids, pH, Temperature, and Electrical Conductivity) of rivers surrounding the industrial estate in Umudim Nnewi. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative study employed convenience sampling, collecting water samples from five rivers. Measurements were taken using a Four Parameter water quality analyzer to determine Total Dissolved Solids, pH, Temperature, and Electrical Conductivity. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, and paired sample t-tests analyzed the results (α = 0.05). Results: Total Dissolved Solids ranged from 9.50-59.50 mg/L, pH from 4.10-5.65, Temperature from 27.45°C-28.70°C, and Electrical Conductivity from 51.67 µS/cm. Physicochemical parameters significantly deviated from World Health Organization standards (p < 0.05), with pH showing the most significant variation. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant variation in physicochemical parameters, emphasizing the need for effective wastewater management and pollution control measures to protect public health and the environment.
Late Payment Issues Due to Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia Construction Industry
Authors: Mamat Mohd Esham , Mamter Shahela , Saberi Mohd Hafiz , Zainuddin Mohd Firdaus , Rahmat Norazlina
Published: September 2024

Delay or late payment in construction project is a common phenomenon and has become a habit in the construction industry. However, in the year of 2020, the pandemic of Coronavirus (COVID-19) has dramatically spread over the world and the issue of late payment becomes worse and critical. Many parties involved in the project affected especially the contractor. In line with the issue, the aim of this research is to identify the strategies to overcome the late payment issues due to the pandemic COVID-19 in the construction industry. The objectives of this research are to identify the factor that can lead to the late payment during the pandemic COVID-19, to determine the implication of late payment to the contractor due to COVID-19 pandemic and to suggest the potential strategies to overcome the late payment issue due to COVID-19 pandemic. Questionnaires were used to collect the data and was distributed via google form and door to door visit which focus on G6 Contractor in Petaling district. A total of 127 questionnaires were returned. The data obtained was analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The result shows that the suspension of work during Movement Control Order (MCO) is the factor influence late payment during pandemic, delay in project completion is the major implication of late payment due to pandemic and the proper planning and budgeting of project by client is the most recommended strategy to overcome late payment due to COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the finding of this research hope to help provide insight to contractor regarding the factor influencing late payment, implication of late payment during pandemic COVID-19 and at the same time to overcome the late payment issue due to COVID-19 pandemic.