bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-term wind power prediction based on EMD-LSTM combined model
Authors: Zhang Fei , Guo Zimeng , Sun Xiaohui , Xi Jia
Published: July 2020

In recent years, China is actively developing wind power generation. Wind energy is a natural factor with volatility, variability and uncontrollability, which will cause fluctuations in wind farm output. The accurate prediction of wind power is conducive to grid dispatchers deploying scheduling plans or doing ahead of schedule Adjustments to reduce losses to a certain extent are also conducive to improving wind power grid-connected capacity. In this paper, using the advantages of empirical mode decomposition EMD algorithm in nonlinear and non-stationary data processing, a wind farm power prediction model based on EMD-LSTM is established. First, the relevant data is preprocessed to obtain the ideal input sequence, and the LSTM network model is used. The NWP wind speed is corrected first, and the revised forecasted NWP wind speed sequence is closer to the actual wind speed. Then use EMD to decompose the wind power data sequence into data components of different scales, and then use the LSTM long and short-term memory network to model the decomposed IMF components and residual RES respectively, and sum the prediction results of each component and residual As the final prediction result. The research results show that the method described in this paper effectively improves the prediction.
Structural Lightweight Research of Module in EV Lithium_ion Battery Pack
Authors: Yang Yuedong , Xiong Fei , Liu Jing , Jia Yinglong , Ma Zhengwei
Published: July 2020

As the lightest metal material in engineering application, magnesium alloy has widely prospect. In this paper, magnesium alloy is considered to design structural parts of EV lithium ion module in order to improve energy density and enhance mileage. Finite Element Models of modules in EV pack are established separately with aluminium alloy general used in EV pack and magnesium alloy AZ31B. The procedure of impact and random vibration in ABAQUS are analysed according to GB/T31647.3-2015. Compared results show that, single module decrease 0.82Kg and the energy density increase 13.4% with the performance of impact resistance and random vibration resistance better. The feasibility and lightweight effect using magnesium alloy in EV modules industry are proven. It can provide research direction for structural lightweight, energy density increasing and mileage enhancing.
Noise Control of An Indoor Substation
Authors: Li Linyong , Zhou Yongyan , Li Li , Fan Xiaopeng , Zou Zhuanglei , Peng Lei
Published: July 2020

Noise measurement on transformers, substation boundary and noise-sensitive buildings of a 110kV indoor substation was carried out. The 1/3-octave band spectrums in different areas were analyzed, and was found that the transformer noise affects the substation boundary and noise-sensitive buildings. Taking ventilation and noise reduction into account, this paper proposes a noise control program. With this program executed, the noise reduction of north side of substation boundary is more than 9 dB in the daytime, more than 14 dB in the nighttime while it is 7.9 dB in the daytime, 8.6 dB in the nighttime in the residential building on the west side of the substation.
Research on New Energy-saving and Efficient Utilization of Buildings Based on Renewable Energy
Authors: Yang Zihao
Published: July 2020

Against the background of the increasing total energy consumption and the proportion of energy consumption in China, the energy crisis is intensifying. The application of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy to building energy conservation is a major decision to solve the energy problem of buildings. The thesis combines the theories of green building evaluation standards, the problems facing the use of renewable energy, the value expression and use of renewable energy, and the impact of renewable energy on green building research. The influence of outdoor buried pipe layout and the arrangement of heat collector panels in the solar system on the feasibility research method in green building research, with a view to providing a certain reference for the subsequent research of new green residential projects in China.
Adoption of Power Electronic Converters Multi-Module Cascade System in Power Energy Circuit Control
Authors: Li Junhong
Published: July 2020

In order to solve the problem of system instability caused by power electronic converter in multi-module cascade operation in fields of smart grids and new energy, in this study, the impedance matching stability analysis of multi-module cascade system is presented. First, based on equivalent transfer function between the ideal input impedance and output impedance of submodule, the impedance matching stability analysis method of multi-module cascade system is put forward. Then, taking Buck circuit as an example, the two-terminal impedance model of Buck circuit is constructed, and the stability criterion of cascade system is given. Finally, the stability of single module and multi - module - cascade are analyzed. The stability analysis method proposed in this study shows that the single module system in Buck circuit has good input and output. The stability analysis of multi-module cascade system in Buck circuit shows that the impedance matching stability analysis method is feasible and correct. This study provides a good theoretical basis for the stability of the multi - module converter cascade system in power energy field.
Discriminatory analysis of spring water supply direction
Authors: Zhang Xinhui , Xing Liting , Zhao Zhenhua , Yao Chunmei , Xing Xuerui , Deng Zhong
Published: July 2020

In this paper,56 groups of underground water samples were collected in Baotu Spring Catchment, and a discriminant model was established to judge the recharge direction and aquifer of the four major spring groups. The results showed that Baotu Spring Group and Black Tiger Spring Group mainly recharge from southwest direction Ordovician karst water, Central south direction of Ordovician karst water respectively, and Five Dragon Pool Spring Group and Pearl Spring Group received from southwest direction and southeast direction Cambrian karst water supplement respectively. The research results are of great significance to the implementation of Jinan spring conservation and precise source replenishment measures. At the same time, it shows that the karst water system in northern China has the characteristics of uneven karst development.
Dust removal device for waterless solar photovoltaic panel
Authors: Zhou Yiheng , Xin Junzhe
Published: July 2020

With the rapid development of human science and technology, energy consumption is becoming increasingly severe, and solar energy, which is one of the clean energy in the future, has attracted wide attention. However, while solar photovoltaic power stations bring huge economic benefits, a huge problem about the cleaning and protection of solar photovoltaic power generation panels has also arisen [1]. The photovoltaic module is exposed to the air for a long time, and the dust falls on the surface of the photovoltaic module, blocking the light from entering, and reducing the light conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module. It is urgent to deal with cleaning problems. This project intends to design a solar panel dust cleaning device that is mechanically cleaned by a brush and adsorbed by a chemical synthetic glue in the absence of water. To a large extent, it solves the problems caused by uncleaning, saves the use of water resources, and avoids the pollution of impurities brought by clean water washing.
Research on Substation Safety Online Monitoring Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor
Authors: Tao Li , Yang Changjiang , Zhang Qi , Liu Jiaying
Published: July 2020

This article successfully applied fiber bragg grating sensors to multi-parameter online monitoring of various objects such as substation equipment and important structures, where using various types of sensors including static level, displacement meter, inclinometer and strain gauge to remotely monitor the safety status of substation equipment and important structures in real time. It is conducive to safe and stable operation of substations. The results show that the FBG sensor can realize the automatic and real-time measurement of multi-physical quantities in the substation safety monitoring. This technology provides data support for the substation disaster prevention and reduction, and has important practical application value.
Research on the configuration and operation strategy of hybrid energy storage system of PV-ESS micro-grid in mountainous rural areas
Authors: Li Huayue , Yang Yongwen , Li Qifen , Gui Xiongwei , Zhao Pengxiang
Published: July 2020

The problem of power supply safety in mountainous rural areas always caused by the weakness and undercapacity of rural distribution network, the increasing seasonal electric load and amounts of renewable energy generation connecting to the grid. To meet villagers’ demand in life and development during the upgrading period of distribution network, this work advances a PV-ESS micro-grid system with a hybrid energy storage system and contributes a configuration and operation strategy of hybrid energy storage system by analysing the characteristics of energy storage types and application scenarios of fixed and mobile energy storage. Take a village in Anhui province, China as an example, the proposed hybrid energy storage system has been demonstrated its rationality and economic practicability in rural mountainous areas.
Research on Economic Dispatching of Thermal Power Units Considering CO2 Emission Cost
Authors: Zheng Jun
Published: July 2020

This article describes the current status of clean dispatch and carbon tax research. An economic dispatch model of thermal power units considering the cost of CO2 emissions is constructed as a means to promote the reduction of emissions from polluting units, and then a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to search the global optimal solution. Finally, combined with the model proposed in this paper, an IEEE 30-node system is used to carry out simulation examples to verify the accuracy of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Study on the transformer insulation design and insulation margin verification under extremely cold conditions
Authors: Liang Jianquan , Sun Wei , Zhang Hongda , Zhu Xuecheng , Zhang Peng , Li Lin , Leilei Zhao
Published: July 2020

Under extremely cold conditions, the property of insulation materials will change with the decreasing of the temperature. Therefore, the research on the dielectric property of insulation materials under unknown extreme cold conditions and the verification on the insulation margin of the insulation materials shall be conducted to ensure that the insulation margin of key transformer parts can meet operation requirements and to avoid the discharge or breakdown failures. The paper studies the main insulation of transformer winding, the insulation of high-voltage connection and the electric field distribution of high-voltage lead model under ambient temperature and low temperature conditions. In addition, the insulation margin curve of the transformer under different temperature conditions is obtained through breakdown characteristic experiment and simulation experiment.
Study of a low voltage reactive power dynamic compensation device with continuously adjustable capacity
Authors: Zhou Zifu , Long Jun
Published: July 2020

A dynamic reactive power compensation device with continuously adjustable capacity is designed for low voltage power grid. According to the time requirement of reactive power dynamic compensation for capacitor switching, a signal generating circuit of voltage/current zero-crossing triggering switching is designed. A capacitor combination method to improve the compensation accuracy and the control strategy to change the compensation power of capacitor by adjusting voltage are put forward. The hardware structure of compensation device, reactive power compensation control mode, capacitor switching control method and capacitor output power regulation method are designed. Using Matlab/Simulink, the simulation results show that the proposed method can realize continuous reactive power adjustment according to the set power factor.
Research on power resource based on time series analysis
Authors: Li Zhihan , Li Hao
Published: July 2020

In recent years, electronic devices have been found everywhere in our lives, and many public places now offer free charging devices that are convenient for people to use. This paper studies the changing rules and future development trends of free charging demand and cost in public places, and gives a concrete model for calculating the cost and demand function of power resources in various occasions. For the first problem, we first found the use of power resources in the past ten years, and then described the trend of the free charging power demand in public places through a visual method. Then we introduce a time series model to predict the future demand of power resources, and use the data from 2000 to 2018 to predict the trend of power demand in 2019-2025. It can be seen that electricity consumption will continue to increase in the next few years, and the trend is more obvious than before. For question two, we first considered the cost of free charging in public. Since the free charging in public areas is somewhat similar to shared charging devices, we used the first question model to predict the cost of sharing charging devices in the coming week. Demand trends, by introducing parameters such as average device charging power, number of devices, and number of outlets, we established a power cost model and discussed the scope and scope of these costs. For the third problem, we revised the second question based on the parameters of different types of public places such as shopping centers, cafes, schools, etc., and constructed different cost models for calculation, and analyzed the models for different public places. The scope and strategy of the parameters. In response to question four, we have proposed measures to reduce the cost of energy use in public places from the perspective of the government and the public. It also analyzes the characteristics of free charging in schools and shopping malls, and finds measures to reduce energy consumption in public places in both cases. In response to question five, we wrote an article for the school newspaper about the electricity consumption in China in recent years and the measures to reduce the cost of electricity, and called on everyone to save electricity.
Heating design of cowshed floor heating system based on solar energy / air source heat pump in plateau cold area
Authors: Qimiciren  , Li Wan , Chengpeng Liu
Published: July 2020

According to the high altitude and cold environment of the agricultural and pastoral areas, it is of great significance for the growth of yaks to adjust the ambient temperature of the cowshed appropriately so that yaks can have a more comfortable growth environment under the condition of low external temperature. Floor heating technology is a new scientific feeding technology, which can save labor, increase efficiency, reduce investment and operate easily, and adapt to the development of modern yak breeding industry. At the same time, the solar energy system and the air source heat pump system are coupled to operate as the heat energy source, that is, energy saving and environmental protection, with the best economic benefits. In this paper, through coupling the advantages of these three systems, we design the “Cowshed floor heating system based on solar / air source heat pump”.
Study on Chemical Separation and Purification of Camphor Oil
Authors: He Aijiang , Liu Lixiu
Published: July 2020

The separation and purification of camphor oil was studied in this paper, using sulfuric acid as the chemical extractant. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, reactant ratio, temperature and stirring time on the yield and purity of 1,8-eucalyptin in camphor oil were investigated. The results show that the concentration of sulfuric acid, the reactant ratio and temperature have great influence on the extraction effect. When the sulfuric acid concentration is 45%, the reactant ratio is 4:3, the temperature is 50°C, and the stirring time is 20 minutes, the purity of eucalyptin reaches 97.8% and the yield gets 57.3% respectively.
Changes of soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metals after planting different plants
Authors: Xu Yan , Li Juan , Guo Zhen , Wang Jian
Published: July 2020

Through pot experiments, the changes of soil total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, organic matter, and pH, and the contents of heavy metals in the tested soils before and after planting were analyzed. The result showed that: Compared to before planting, the soil total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorus, and available potassium decreased in turn. The total nitrogen decline of soybean soil was the largest, and the organic matter decline of tomato soil was the largest. The decrease of soil Cd and Cr is obvious, Pb is the second, and the decrease of other heavy metals is less than 10%. The overall decline in heavy metals in tomato soil was the largest, followed by clover, and soybean the smallest. Correlation analysis showed that soil total nitrogen and organic matter were significantly positively correlated with Cd, and available potassium was significantly positively correlated with Cr. Increasing soil nutrient content can promote the effect of plants on soil heavy metal remediation.
Protonated Titanate Nanotubes and their adsorption behaviors for U(VI) in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Hu Juntao , Li Ye , Wang Yudi , Zuo Yangyang , Chen Xi
Published: July 2020

Titanate nanotubes was rapidly synthetized by nano anatase with mild hydrothermal method, and its protonation was carried by Nitric acid to prepare TNTs and TNTs-H with different H+/Na+ for further application of uranium removal in the wastewater. It was characterized by XRD, TEM and FT-IR. The results showed that at 298 K and pH 7, the adsorption rates of TNTs and TNTs-H to 10 mg/L U(VI) were 77.90% and 97.78% respectively, and the maximum adsorption capacity of U(VI) were 41.494 mg/g and 49.505 mg/g respectively. The adsorption processes all followed a pseudo second-order kinetic model and were in accordance with isotherm adsorption models like Langmuir model.
Research on VOCs Treatment of Electrophoresis Coating Process
Authors: Zeng Wenhao , Zhong Shaotao , Chen Dingsheng , Zeng Huanmu , Chen Zhihang , Cen Chaoping
Published: July 2020

The coating process is the main source of VOCs emissions in the aluminium profile industry. The electrophoretic coating process is a surface processing method widely used by aluminium profile companies. However, the electrophoretic coating process generates a large amount of exhaust gas, and the main component of the exhaust gas is VOCs. This paper combined with the monitoring of the exhaust gas treatment project of an electrophoresis coating workshop of a large aluminium profile company, and found that the main component is xylene. The exhaust gas treatment process uses “activated carbon adsorption + spray absorption” and more than 97% of emissions could be achieved.
Rational design of ceramic hollow fibre catalyst, a new option for efficient removal of organic pollutants
Authors: Chen Ruofei , Yao Zhengxin , Li Hailong , Zeng Zheng , Zou Qingchuan , Han Ning , Li Liqing
Published: July 2020

Metallic catalysts have presented high activity for the degradation of pollutants. However, the inevitable metal leaching would lead to secondary pollution, which hinders the development of metallic catalysts for water treatment. Membrane technology would be an effective way to conquer this, especially hollow fibre membrane with numerous micro-pores and high surface area per unit volume. The good recoverability and stable repeatability proved that the ceramic hollow fibre membrane would be a promising form of metallic catalysts for aqueous phase reaction.
Investigation of viscosity for AEP aqueous solutions
Authors: Fang Chi , Du Xiaoqian , Wang Lemeng , Fu Dong
Published: July 2020

The viscosities (η) of 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine (AEP) aqueous solutions were measured by using the digital rotational viscometer. The temperature ranged from 303.2 K to 323.2 K. The mass fractions of AEP ranged from 0.1 to 1. Temperature and mass fraction dependences of η were demonstrated. On the basis of experiments, the viscosity activation energy (Ea) and CO2 diffusion coefficient (D
CO2) in AEP aqueous solutions were estimated.
Research on the Source and Treatment of Candied Waste-Water
Authors: Wang Yibo , Chen Shiqing , Liu Qiang , Zhang Yongxun , Li Yuying , Huang Jieyun , Chen Xin , Chen Luoru , Liu Yingxin , Huang Jinming , Wu Tongtong
Published: July 2020

Preserves are fruits and vegetables pickled with sugar or honey, which are divided into 6 categories according to their characteristics and 4 categories according to their local flavor. The processing techniques of candied fruit include: grading, peeling, preserving the fruit embryo, preserving and hardening, sulfur treatment, dyeing and pre-cooking. With the progress of the process, the candied waste-water with different water quality characteristics was produced. The treatment methods of candied waste-water include biochemical, chemical and physical chemical methods, and chemical methods can be divided into 6 kinds of treatment methods, such as REDOX and neutralization. Because of the large amount of fruit juice and sugar, candied waste-water can be treated by biochemical method to meet the discharge standard.
Determination of Antioxidant Irganox 1010 in Polypropylene by Infrared Spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Qiukai , Fang Wang , Fan Jingjing
Published: July 2020

The content of antioxidant 1010 in polypropylene was quantitatively analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. After comparing the IR spectra of antioxidant 1010 and polypropylene, the characteristic absorption peak of antioxidant 1010 in polypropylene is determined to be 1744cm-1. The standard curve of antioxidant 1010 was drawn. The results show that there is a good linear relationship between the content of antioxidant 1010 and the absorption intensity of its characteristic peak, and the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.98. The content of antioxidant 1010 in the sample to be tested was determined by standard curve. The maximum relative error was 4%. Infrared spectroscopy can be used to analyze the content of antioxidant 1010 in polypropylene quickly and accurately. It is of great significance to study the migration of antioxidant in polypropylene and the quality control of products.
Effects of zeolite and chicken manure on the growth of soybean and rapeseed
Authors: Xu Yan , Li Juan , Guo Zhen , Hua Dongwen
Published: July 2020

Zeolite, chicken manure and their mixtures were added to the soil in different proportions, and their effects on the growth of soybean and rapeseed were studied through pot experiments. The results showed that the addition of zeolite, chicken manure, or a mixture (1:1) all contributed to the plant height and fresh weight of soybean and rapeseed compared to CK treatment, but the plant height was greatly affected by the growth cycle. The weight gradually increases with the addition ratio. After the two are added in a 1:1 ratio, the advantages of plant height and fresh weight of soybean and rapeseed are more significant. The SPAD of soybean increased with the growth period, while the SPAD of rapeseed decreased significantly during the maturity period. The SPAD of both was greatly affected by the growth cycle, and the effects of each treatment were less. To sum up, in this experiment, the mixed ratio of zeolite and chicken manure can be used as a better soil improvement material, and the addition ratio of 20% is better.
The influence of substrate surface treatment on the electrodeposition of (Co,Mn)3O4 spinel precursor coatings
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Liu Yanjia , Yuan Juntao , Zhu Ming , Chen Jie , Wang Zhihua
Published: July 2020

The electrodeposition of (Co,Mn)3O4 spinel precursor layers has emerged as a new method to prepare metallic interconnect coatings for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). (Co,Mn)3O4 spinel films can be obtained via the oxidative heat treatment of an electrodeposited Co-Mn alloy layer. Herein, the effects of sandblasting stainless-steel substrates on the electrodeposition of the Co-Mn alloy were investigated. Sandblasting increased Co content in Co-Mn alloy, decreased the onset time of nucleation, and lead to surface nanocrystallization. Furthermore, sandblasting the substrate prevented the formation of the metal hydroxide interlayer, accelerated interdiffusion, and improved the adhesion of the (Co,Mn)3O4 spinel coatings.
Scanning probe lithography on calixarene towards single-digit nanometer fabrication
Authors: Kaestner Marcus , Rangelow Ivo W
Published: July 2020

Cost effective patterning based on scanning probe nanolithography (SPL) has the potential for electronic and optical nano-device manufacturing and other nanotechnological applications. One of the fundamental advantages of SPL is its capability for patterning and imaging employing the same probe. This is achieved with self-sensing and self-actuating cantilevers, also known as ‘active’ cantilevers. Here we used active cantilevers to demonstrate a novel path towards single digit nanoscale patterning by employing a low energy (<100 eV) electron exposure to thin films of molecular resist. By tuning the electron energies to the lithographically relevant chemical resist transformations, the interaction volumes can be highly localized. This method allows for greater control over spatially confined lithography and enhances sensitivity. We found that at low electron energies, the exposure in ambient conditions required approximately 10 electrons per single calixarene molecule to induce a crosslinking event. The sensitivity was 80-times greater than a classical electron beam exposure at 30 keV. By operating the electro-exposure process in ambient conditions a novel lithographic reaction scheme based on a direct ablation of resist material (positive tone) is presented.
Unifying vectors and matrices of different dimensions through nonlinear embeddings
Authors: García-Morales Vladimir
Published: July 2020

Complex systems may morph between structures with different dimensionality and degrees of freedom. As a tool for their modelling, nonlinear embeddings are introduced that encompass objects with different dimensionality as a continuous parameter

κ
∈
R

is being varied, thus allowing the unification of vectors, matrices and tensors in single mathematical structures. This technique is applied to construct warped models in the passage from supergravity in 10 or 11-dimensional spacetimes to four-dimensional ones. We also show how nonlinear embeddings can be used to connect cellular automata (CAs) to coupled map lattices (CMLs) and to nonlinear partial differential equations, deriving a class of nonlinear diffusion equations. Finally, by means of nonlinear embeddings we introduce CA connections, a class of CMLs that connect any two arbitrary CAs in the limits κ → 0 and κ → ∞ of the embedding.
Simultaneous Discordant B-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma and Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Fujimoto Ayumi , Ikejiri Fumiyoshi , Arakawa Fumiko , Ito Shunsuke , Okada Yusuke , Takahashi Fumimasa , Matsuda Shinichiro , Okada Takahiro , Inoue Masaya , Takahashi Tsutomu , Miyake Takaaki , Maruyama Riruke , Ohshima Koichi , Suzumiya Junji , Suzuki Ritsuro
Published: July 2020

Objectives

We report a rare case of B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LBL) and low-grade follicular lymphoma (FL) identified concurrently in biopsies from different sites at the initial diagnosis in a 39-year-old man. The clonal relationship between the 2 histologic subtypes was investigated.

Methods

A diagnosis of FL grade 1/2 (low grade) was made by bone marrow (BM) biopsy. B-LBL was identified in biopsies from the testis and pancreas. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses were performed to investigate their clonal relationship.

Results

Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses and G-banding karyotype analyses identified the BCL2-IGH and MYC-IGH translocation in tumor cells from both the BM and testis. The tumor cells from the BM and testis shared the same IGH VDJ usage and a high degree of somatic mutations. These findings suggest that acquisition of MYC gene rearrangement is a critical event for lymphoblastic transformation of FL. Of note, the presence of intraclonal diversity in the B-LBL sample further suggests an earlier or concurrent event of MYC translocation than the somatic IGH mutation in the germinal center and the dedifferentiation of lymphoma cells to a precursor stage of B-cell development.

Conclusions

B-lymphoblastic transformation of FL can occur with MYC gene rearrangement.
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Cesarean Delivery, and Severe Maternal Morbidity in an Urban Safety-Net Population
Authors: Boulet Sheree L , Platner Marissa , Joseph Naima T , Campbell Alexa , Williams Rachel , Stanhope Kaitlyn K , Jamieson Denise J
Published: July 2020

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of severe maternal morbidity (SMM), yet mediation by cesarean delivery is largely unexplored. We investigated the association between HDP and SMM in a cohort of deliveries at a safety-net institution in Atlanta, Georgia, during 2016–2018. Using multivariable generalized linear models, we estimated adjusted risk differences, adjusted risk ratios, and 95% confidence intervals for the association between HDP and SMM. We examined interactions with cesarean delivery and used mediation analysis with 4-way decomposition to estimate excess relative risks. Among 3,723 deliveries, the SMM rate for women with and without HDP was 124.4 per 1,000 and 52.0 per 1,000, respectively. The adjusted risk ratio for the total effect of HDP on SMM was 2.55 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.15, 3.39). Approximately 55.2% (95% CI: 25.7, 68.5) of excess relative risk was due to neither interaction nor mediation, 24.9% (95% CI: 15.4, 50.0) was due to interaction between HDP and cesarean delivery, 9.6% (95% CI: 3.4, 15.2) was due to mediation, and 10.3% (95% CI: 5.4, 20.3) was due to mediation and interaction. HDP are a potentially modifiable risk factor for SMM; implementing evidence-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of HDP is critical for reducing SMM risk.
SASS6 promotes proliferation of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells by inhibiting the p53 signaling pathway
Authors: Xu Yuanji , Zhu Kunshou , Chen Junqiang , Lin Liyan , Huang Zhengrong , Zhang Jiulong , Chen Yuanmei
Published: July 2020

SASS6 encodes for the Homo sapiens SAS-6 centriolar assembly protein and is important for proper centrosome formation. Although centrosomes are amplified in a wide variety of tumor types, abnormally high SASS6 expression had previously only been identified in colon cancer. Moreover, the role of SASS6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanisms of SASS6 in ESCC. In this study, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of SASS6 were increased in human ESCC samples. In addition, SASS6 protein expression was associated with the esophageal cancer stage and negatively affected survival of patients with ESCC. Furthermore, silencing of SASS6 inhibited cell growth and promoted apoptosis of ESCC cells in vitro and inhibited xenograft tumor formation in vivo. A genetic cluster and pathway analysis showed that SASS6 regulated the p53 signaling pathway. Western blot demonstrated that CCND2, GADD45A and EIF4EBP1 protein expression decreased and that TP53 protein expression increased after the knockdown of SASS6 in ESCC cells. Therefore, SASS6 promoted the proliferation of esophageal cancer by inhibiting the p53 signaling pathway. SASS6 has potential as a novel tumor marker and a therapeutic target for ESCC.
Proposing Minimum Requirements for Announcing Clinical Trial Results During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Siedner Mark J , Gandhi Rajesh T
Published: July 2020

Recently, results from at least six major randomized clinical trials studying management of COVID-19 have been announced via press release. Given the unique nature of the pandemic, results of such trials often have immediate and worldwide relevance. Yet, while press releases serve the important purpose of disseminating top-level results quickly, they are inherently limited in scope, and rarely include sufficient data to inform practice. Herein, we propose a minimum set of trial characteristics and results to be released simultaneously with clinical trial announcements. This practice will ensure data related to the management of COVID-19 can be used to appropriately impact care, while responding to the needs of diverse stakeholders in the scientific and publishing communities, as well as the public at large.
Integrating Geospatial Data and Social Media in Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory Models to Capture Human Nature Interactions
Authors: Larkin Andrew , Hystad Perry
Published: July 2020

Contact with nature has been linked to human health, but little information is available for how individuals utilize urban nature. We developed a bidirectional long short-term memory model for classifying whether tweets describe the proposed pathways through which nature influences health: exercise, aesthetic stimulation, stress reduction, safety, air pollution mediation, and/or social interaction. To adjust for regional variations in urban nature context, we integrated OpenStreetMap data on nature and non-nature features for each long-short term memory cell. Training (n = 63073), development (n = 5000), and test (n = 5000) sets consisted of labeled tweets from Portland, Oregon. Tweets from New York City (NYC) (n = 5000) were also labeled to test generalizability. The model was applied retrospectively to 20 million tweets from 2017 and continuously to Meetup posts for 7,708 cities in North America. F1Scores ranged from 0.54 to 0.82 in the NYC dataset, a 24% to 92% improvement over current methods. Precision ranged from 0.58 to 0.83, while recall ranged from 0.39 to 0.81. Adding OpenStreetMap features led to greater percent and absolute F1Scores in NYC compared to Portland. Average F1Scores were greater in models with a nature label in addition to human behavior labels (0.59 vs. 0.65), suggesting health behaviors are influenced by urban nature.
Imaging predictors of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: left ventricular work asymmetry by echocardiography and septal viability by cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Aalen John M , Donal Erwan , Larsen Camilla K , Duchenne Jürgen , Lederlin Mathieu , Cvijic Marta , Hubert Arnaud , Voros Gabor , Leclercq Christophe , Bogaert Jan , Hopp Einar , Fjeld Jan Gunnar , Penicka Martin , Linde Cecilia , Aalen Odd O , Kongsgård Erik , Galli Elena , Voigt Jens-Uwe , Smiseth Otto A
Published: July 2020

Aims 

Left ventricular (LV) failure in left bundle branch block is caused by loss of septal function and compensatory hyperfunction of the LV lateral wall (LW) which stimulates adverse remodelling. This study investigates if septal and LW function measured as myocardial work, alone and combined with assessment of septal viability, identifies responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).

Methods and results 

In a prospective multicentre study of 200 CRT recipients, myocardial work was measured by pressure-strain analysis and viability by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging (n = 125). CRT response was defined as ≥15% reduction in LV end-systolic volume after 6 months. Before CRT, septal work was markedly lower than LW work (P < 0.0001), and the difference was largest in CRT responders (P < 0.001). Work difference between septum and LW predicted CRT response with area under the curve (AUC) 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70–0.84) and was feasible in 98% of patients. In patients undergoing CMR, combining work difference and septal viability significantly increased AUC to 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81–0.95). This was superior to the predictive power of QRS morphology, QRS duration and the echocardiographic parameters septal flash, apical rocking, and systolic stretch index. Accuracy was similar for the subgroup of patients with QRS 120–150 ms as for the entire study group. Both work difference alone and work difference combined with septal viability predicted long-term survival without heart transplantation with hazard ratio 0.36 (95% CI: 0.18–0.74) and 0.21 (95% CI: 0.072–0.61), respectively.

Conclusion

Assessment of myocardial work and septal viability identified CRT responders with high accuracy.
Fusion-Independent Satellite Cell Communication to Muscle Fibers During Load-Induced Hypertrophy
Authors: Murach Kevin A , Vechetti Ivan J , Van Pelt Douglas W , Crow Samuel E , Dungan Cory M , Figueiredo Vandre C , Kosmac Kate , Fu Xu , Richards Christopher I , Fry Christopher S , McCarthy John J , Peterson Charlotte A
Published: July 2020

The “canonical” function of Pax7+ muscle stem cells (satellite cells) during hypertrophic growth of adult muscle fibers is myonuclear donation via fusion to support increased transcriptional output. In recent years, however, emerging evidence suggests that satellite cells play an important secretory role in promoting load-mediated growth. Utilizing genetically modified mouse models of delayed satellite cell fusion and in vivo extracellular vesicle (EV) tracking, we provide evidence for satellite cell communication to muscle fibers during hypertrophy. Myogenic progenitor cell-EV-mediated communication to myotubes in vitro influences extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression, which is congruent with in vivo overload experiments involving satellite cell depletion, as well as in silico analyses. Satellite cell-derived EVs can transfer a Cre-induced, cytoplasmic-localized fluorescent reporter to muscle cells as well as microRNAs that regulate ECM genes such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9), which may facilitate growth. Delayed satellite cell fusion did not limit long-term load-induced muscle hypertrophy indicating that early fusion-independent communication from satellite cells to muscle fibers is an underappreciated aspect of satellite cell biology. We cannot exclude the possibility that satellite cell-mediated myonuclear accretion is necessary to maintain prolonged growth, specifically in the later phases of adaptation, but these data collectively highlight how EV delivery from satellite cells can directly contribute to mechanical load-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy, independent of cell fusion to the fiber.
Is Sensory Loss an Understudied Risk Factor for Frailty? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Benjamin Kye Jyn , Man Ryan Eyn Kidd , Gan Alfred Tau Liang , Fenwick Eva K , Varadaraj Varshini , Swenor Bonnielin K , Gupta Preeti , Wong Tien Yin , Trevisan Caterina , Lorenzo-López Laura , Maseda Ana , Millán-Calenti José Carlos , Schwanke Carla Helena Augustin , Liljas Ann , Al Snih Soham , Tokuda Yasuharu , Lamoureux Ecosse Luc
Published: July 2020

Background

Age-related sensory loss and frailty are common conditions among older adults, but epidemiologic research on their possible links has been inconclusive. Clarifying this relationship is important because sensory loss may be a clinically relevant risk factor for frailty.

Methods

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched 3 databases for observational studies investigating 4 sensory impairments—vision (VI), hearing (HI), smell (SI), and taste (TI)—and their relationships with frailty. We meta-analyzed the cross-sectional associations of VI/HI each with pre-frailty and frailty, investigated sources of heterogeneity using meta-regression and subgroup analyses, and assessed publication bias using Egger’s test.

Results

We included 17 cross-sectional and 7 longitudinal studies in our review (N = 34,085) from 766 records. Our cross-sectional meta-analyses found that HI and VI were, respectively, associated with 1.5- to 2-fold greater odds of pre-frailty and 2.5- to 3-fold greater odds of frailty. Our results remained largely unchanged after subgroup analyses and meta-regression, though the association between HI and pre-frailty was no longer significant in 2 subgroups which lacked sufficient studies. We did not detect publication bias. Longitudinal studies largely found positive associations between VI/HI and frailty progression from baseline robustness, though they were inconclusive about frailty progression from baseline pre-frailty. Sparse literature and heterogenous methods precluded meta-analyses and conclusions on the SI/TI–frailty relationships.

Conclusions

Our meta-analyses demonstrate significant cross-sectional associations between VI/HI with pre-frailty and frailty. Our review also highlights knowledge gaps on the directionality and modifiability of these relationships and the impact of SI/TI and multiple sensory impairments on frailty.
Social Integration, Daily Discrimination, and Biological Markers of Health in Mid- and Later Life: Does Self-Esteem Play an Intermediary Role?
Authors: Stokes Jeffrey E
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives

This cross-sectional study examines associations of social integration and daily discrimination with 4 biological markers of inflammation and cardiovascular health and tests whether self-esteem may mediate any of these effects.

Research Design and Methods

Data came from 746 participants of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher (2011–2014) and MIDUS Refresher Biomarker Project (2012–2016). Structural equation modeling estimated direct and indirect associations of social integration and daily discrimination with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6.

Results

Social integration and daily discrimination were both significantly associated with self-esteem, which was in turn associated with HbA1c, HDL, and interleukin-6 levels. Social integration was indirectly associated with HbA1c, HDL, and interleukin-6 via self-esteem. Daily discrimination was directly associated with HbA1c, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 and was indirectly associated with HDL and interleukin-6 via self-esteem.

Discussion and Implications

Findings identify social correlates of inflammation and cardiovascular risk and suggest that self-esteem may serve as a pathway for effects. Overall, results were somewhat mixed: Daily discrimination was directly associated with both self-esteem and 3 of the 4 biological markers of health; however, although social integration was strongly associated with self-esteem, it was only weakly and indirectly associated with biological health markers. Moreover, the indirect effects of daily discrimination on the biomarker outcomes—while significant—were notably smaller than its direct effects. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are discussed, including the need for further study of self-esteem and physical health across mid- and later life.
A Strategy to Prepare Primary Care Clinicians for Discussing Stopping Cancer Screening With Adults Older Than 75 Years
Authors: Schonberg Mara A , Karamourtopoulos Maria , Jacobson Alicia R , Aliberti Gianna M , Pinheiro Adlin , Smith Alexander K , Davis Roger B , Schuttner Linnaea C , Hamel Mary Beth
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives

Adults older than 75 years are overscreened for cancer, especially those with less than 10-year life expectancy. This study aimed to learn the effects of providing primary care providers (PCPs) with scripts for discussing stopping mammography and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and with information on patient’s 10-year life expectancy on their patients’ intentions to be screened for these cancers.

Research Design and Methods

Patient participants, identified via PCP appointment logs, completed a questionnaire pre- and postvisit. Primary care providers were given scripts for discussing stopping screening and information on patient’s 10-year life expectancy before these visits. Primary care providers completed a questionnaire at the end of the study. Patients and PCPs were asked about discussing stopping cancer screening and patient life expectancy. Patient screening intentions (1–15 Likert scale; lower scores suggest lower intentions) were compared pre- and postvisit using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

Ninety patients older than 75 years (47% of eligible patients reached by phone) from 45 PCPs participated. Patient mean age was 80.0 years (SD = 2.9), 43 (48%) were female, and mean life expectancy was 9.7 years (SD = 2.4). Thirty-seven PCPs (12 community-based) completed a questionnaire. Primary care providers found the scripts helpful (32 [89%]) and thought they would use them frequently (29 [81%]). Primary care providers also found patient life expectancy information helpful (35 [97%]). However, only 8 PCPs (22%) reported feeling comfortable discussing patient life expectancy. Patients’ intentions to undergo CRC screening (9.0 [SD = 5.3] to 6.5 [SD = 6.0], p < .0001) and mammography screening (12.9 [SD = 3.0] to 11.7 [SD = 4.9], p = .08) decreased from pre- to postvisit (significantly for CRC). Sixty-three percent of patients (54/86) were interested in discussing life expectancy with their PCP previsit and 56% (47/84) postvisit.

Discussion and Implications

PCPs found scripts for discussing stopping cancer screening and information on patient life expectancy helpful. Possibly, as a result, their patients older than 75 years had lower intentions of being screened for CRC.

Clinical Trials Registration Number

NCT03480282
The Concept of Structural Human Rights in the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Leloup Mathieu
Published: July 2020

This article introduces the concept of structural human rights in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights. It starts from the observation that the current understanding of human rights obligations does not account for all the effects that the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights have in practice. To comply with their obligations under the Convention, States Parties may be required to modify their very institutional architecture. The article argues that this is a consequence of structural human rights. These are fundamental rights that, when enforced, may impose structural obligations, requiring changes to a State's governmental structure. The article offers a theoretical underpinning of the concept and indicates the benefits of understanding Convention rights also in a structural way. Furthermore, the notion is conceptualised further by way of an overview of several strands of case law, demonstrating the way in which Convention rights can develop their structural nature and what kind of structural effects they may have.