bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical features of new‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus in pregnant patients
Authors: Zhang Chong , Liang Mei‐ying , Xu Xue , Zhang Xue‐wu , Chen Shi
Published: December 2017

Aim

This study was conducted to examine the clinical characteristics of new‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during pregnancy.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of all pregnancies in patients with SLE managed at The People's Hospital of Peking University from 2008 to 2015. In total, 97 pregnancies were identified and studied, 22 of which were first diagnosed with SLE during pregnancy or puerperium.

Results

New‐onset SLE mainly occurred during the first and second pregnancy trimesters. Blood and multi‐organ involvement were detected in 95.45% and 45.45% of new‐onset patients, respectively, and both had a higher incidence than in active patients. Thrombocytopenia was the most common blood involvement in new‐onset patients. All three maternal deaths occurred in new‐onset patients. There were nine (40.91%) fetal losses, three (13.64%) low birth weight infants, one (4.54%) fetal malformation and two (9.09%) cases of neonatal lupus in new‐onset patients.

Conclusion

New‐onset pregnant SLE patients were characterized with blood system involvement and generally experienced more adverse maternal outcomes than active patients with SLE history. However, adverse fetal outcomes in new‐onset patients were the same as those of active patients with an SLE history.
Vitamin D receptor rs2228570 polymorphism and susceptibility to ovarian cancer: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Hongmei , Zhu Jin
Published: December 2017

Aim

The FokI polymorphism (C>T, rs2228570) of the vitamin D receptor gene is a coding nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the translational initiation codon reported to have functional significance. Although the role of rs2228570 in the risk of ovarian cancer has been widely researched, the association is still unclear. We performed an updated meta‐analysis to clarify this issue.

Methods

Eligible studies were retrieved from electronic databases for the period 2007–2016. The association was measured by unadjusted odds ratio combined with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Random‐effect or fixed‐effect models were used according to the heterogeneity of the studies. We further appreciated the strength of evidence according to Venice guidance.

Results

Fourteen studies (4448 cases and 7242 controls) were included in the meta‐analysis. Studies were predominantly conducted in Caucasian populations (4152 cases and 6693 controls). A dominant genetic model was determined to be the most appropriate genetic model. Overall meta‐analysis showed a fixed‐effect odds ratio of 1.14 (95% CI 1.05–1.23) under a dominant model. The fixed‐effect odds ratios were 1.12 (95% CI 1.03–1.21) and 1.49 (95% CI 1.06–2.09) in Caucasian and Asian populations, respectively. The strength of the evidence was moderate.

Conclusion

The rs2228570 polymorphism increased the risk of ovarian cancer in Caucasian populations in a dominant genetic model. The role of this polymorphism in the risk of ovarian cancer in Asian populations should be further studied.
Progesterone inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress associated apoptosis induced by interleukin‐1β via the GRP78/PERK/CHOP pathway in BeWo cells
Authors: Liu Ling , Zhang Yan , Wang Yankui , Peng Wei , Zhang Ning , Ye Yuanhua
Published: December 2017

Aim

Pre‐eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication characterized by new onset maternal hypertension and proteinuria. Its underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study investigated the relationship between progesterone and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) associated apoptosis induced by interleukin (IL)‐1β via the glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78)/protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/C/EBP‐homologous protein (CHOP) pathway in BeWo cells.

Methods

Venous blood and placental tissues were collected from PE patients, normal pregnancy and preterm delivery cases, respectively. Progesterone serum levels were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and ERS‐related protein expression in placentas was examined by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. BeWo cells were stimulated by IL‐1β to induce ERS associated apoptosis in vitro. The apoptotic rate was measured by flow cytometry. The mechanism of progesterone acting on IL‐1β induced ERS associated apoptosis was investigated by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and PERK small interfering RNA, with RU486 used as a receptor inhibitor.

Results

PE patients exhibited decreased serum levels of progesterone and activated ERS and increased ERS‐related protein expression. IL‐1β could induce ERS and associated cell apoptosis by activating the GRP78/PERK/CHOP signal pathway, which could be inhibited by progesterone. PERK could be upregulated and phosphorylation activated in ERS. The protective effects of progesterone could be attenuated by RU486.

Conclusion

IL‐1β could induce ERS associated cell apoptosis by activating the GRP78/PERK/CHOP signal pathway in BeWo cells and may play an important role in PE occurrence. Progesterone levels were decreased in patients with PE and seemed to have a protective effect by inhibiting ERS associated cell apoptosis.
Case of rapidly progressing condylomatous squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix associated with low‐risk human papillomavirus type 6
Authors: Masuda Miho , Abiko Kaoru , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Murakami Ryusuke , Baba Tsukasa , Konishi Ikuo
Published: December 2017

Condylomatous, or warty squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix, is a rare variant of invasive SCC. Here, we describe a case of aggressive condylomatous SCC of the uterine cervix. A 43‐year‐old woman was monitored for 3 years for suspected low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. A whitish papillary mass occupied the cervix, and the colposcopic diagnosis was condyloma acuminatum. A cervical biopsy revealed papillary proliferating thick squamous epithelium, which consisted of koilocytes and atypical cells with enlarged nuclei. Hysterectomy specimens showed a thick layer of atypical squamous epithelium with koilocytosis invading the stroma. Immunohistochemistry revealed negative p16 expression. Hysterectomy specimens tested positive for low‐risk human papillomavirus type 6, but negative for other high‐risk human papillomavirus types. The bilateral pelvic and para‐aortic lymph nodes were positive for metastases. In spite of adjuvant chemotherapy, the case relapsed with multiple lymph nodes and lung metastases shortly after the operation.
Impact of Anxiety on the Satisfaction of Dental Implant Patients
Authors: Al‐Radha Afya Sahib Diab
Published: December 2017

Purpose

To study the influence of anxiety on dental implant patient satisfaction, and to explore if hemoglobin levels and the amount of body fat affected patient satisfaction.

Materials and Methods

One hundred three partially edentulous patients (mean age 42.06 years) who had received dental implant therapy were enrolled in the study. Self‐administered questionnaires were given to those patients to evaluate their level of satisfaction with implant treatment. The State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) self‐reported questionnaire was used to determine anxiety levels. Hemoglobin levels (HB) were measured using an electronic hemoglobin meter, and body fat (BF) was measured using a special diagnostic scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using T‐test to assess any significant differences between the groups. Pearson Correlation was used to measure the correlation between variables.

Results

Overall satisfaction for all patients was high (86.7%) for both STAI‐trait and STAI ‐state anxiety groups. Highly significant differences in patient satisfaction were found between high and low STAI‐state anxiety groups (p < 0.01). Patients with low STAI‐state anxiety levels demonstrated significant negative correlations of many parts of patient satisfaction with HB levels and STAI‐state scores. While for patients in the low STAI‐trait anxiety group, the negative correlation was just with HB levels. For the patients with high STAI‐state anxiety levels, a highly significant positive correlation was observed between many elements of patient satisfaction and BF and patient age.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicated that patient satisfaction with dental implant treatment was high in all patients. STAI‐state anxiety had a greater impact on patient satisfaction than did trait anxiety. HB levels negatively affected patient satisfaction in patients with low STAI‐trait and STAI‐state anxiety levels. BF positively affected patient satisfaction in patients with high STAI‐state anxiety levels.
Influence of paeoniflorin and menthol on puerarin transport across MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 cells as blood–brain barrier in vitro model
Authors: Yang Bing , Du Shouying , Lu Yang , Jia Shan , Zhao Mengdi , Bai Jie , Li Pengyue , Wu Huichao
Published: December 2017

Objective

Our objective of this research was (1) to investigate the transport characteristics of puerarin through MDCK-MDR1 and MDCK cells and (2) to evaluate the effects of paeoniflorin and menthol on puerarin transport so as to (3) explore the enhancement mechanism.

Methods

The cytotoxicity of drugs on MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 was evaluated by the MTT assay, and the transport studies were performed in both directions. The membrane fluidity was evaluated by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and the membrane potential was estimated by the accumulation of DiBAC4(3) in the cells.

Key findings

Puerarin showed relatively poor absorption and purely passive diffusion. However, the efflux ratio of puerarin was <2 in MDCK-MDR1 models, which suggested puerarin was not P-gp substrates so as to the P-glycoprotein activity determination of puerarin. With the existence of menthol, the transcellular transport of puerarin increased and puerarin transport significantly increased when co-administrated with paeoniflorin and menthol.

Conclusions

The enhancing effect of paeoniflorin and menthol may be attributed to the significant enhancement on cell membrane fluidity, the decrease in membrane potential. Immunostaining results indicated that menthol behaved as transport enhancer by disassembly effect on tight junction integrity.
Establishing the cascade of care for hepatitis C in England—benchmarking to monitor impact of direct acting antivirals
Authors: Simmons R. , Ireland G. , Irving W. , Hickman M. , Sabin C. , Ijaz S. , Ramsay M. , Lattimore S. , Mandal S.
Published: December 2017

Little is known about engagement and retention in care of people diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in England. Establishing a cascade of care informs targeted interventions for improving case finding, referral, treatment uptake and retention in care. Using data from the sentinel surveillance of blood‐borne virus (SSBBV) testing between 2005 and 2014, we investigate the continuum of care of those tested for HCV in England. Persons ≥1 year old with an anti‐HCV test and subsequent RNA tests between 2005 and 2014 reported to SSBBV were collated. We describe the cascade of care, as the patient pathway from a diagnostic test, referral into care, treatment and patient outcomes. Between 2005 and 2014, 2 390 507 samples were tested for anti‐HCV, corresponding to 1 766 515 persons. A total of 53 038 persons (35 190 men and 17 165 women) with anti‐HCV positive were newly reported to SSBBV. An RNA test was conducted on 77.0% persons who were anti‐HCV positive, 72.3% of whom were viraemic (RNA positive) during this time period, 21.4% had evidence of treatment and 3130 49.5% had evidence of a sustained virological response (SVR). In multivariable models, confirmation of viraemia by RNA test varied by age and region/test setting; evidence of treatment varied by age, year of test and region/test setting; and SVR varied by age, year of test and region/setting of test. In conclusion, our findings provide HCV cascade of care estimates prior to the introduction of direct acting antivirals. These findings provide important baseline cascade estimates to benchmark progress towards elimination of HCV as a major public health threat.
The antiviral role of zinc and metallothioneins in hepatitis C infection
Authors: Read S. A. , Parnell G. , Booth D. , Douglas M. W. , George J. , Ahlenstiel G.
Published: December 2017

Metallothioneins (MTs) are small, cysteine‐rich proteins characterized by a high affinity for monovalent and divalent cations, such as copper and zinc. Of the four known MT isoforms, only, members of the MT 1 and 2 subfamilies are widely expressed, acting as metal chaperones whose primary role is to mediate intracellular zinc homoeostasis. Metallothioneins are potently induced by heavy metals and other sources of oxidative stress where they facilitate metal binding and detoxification as well as free radical scavenging. Metallothionein expression is well documented in the context of viral infection; however, it remains uncertain whether MTs possess specific antiviral roles or whether induction is merely a consequence of cellular stress. To better understand the role of MTs following hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we examined MT expression and localization in vitro and in vivo and used a siRNA knockdown approach to ascertain their antiviral efficacy. We confirmed HCV‐driven MT induction in vitro and demonstrated MT accumulation in the nucleus of HCV‐infected hepatocytes by immunofluorescence. Using a pan‐MT siRNA to knock down all members of the MT1 and MT2 subfamilies, we demonstrate that they are mildly antiviral against the JFH1 strain of HCV in vitro (~1.4 fold increase in viral RNA, P < .05). Furthermore, the antiviral effect of zinc treatment against HCV in vitro was mediated through MT induction (P < .05). Our data suggest a potential benefit of using zinc as a low‐cost adjunct to current HCV antiviral therapies and suggest that zinc may facilitate the antiviral role of MTs against other viruses.
Nutrients, light and phytoplankton production in the shallow, tropical coastal waters of Bandon Bay, Southern Thailand
Authors: Yoshikawa Takashi , Tomizawa Kosuke , Okamoto Yuki , Watanabe Kazuya , Salaenoi Jintana , Hayashizaki Kenichi , Kurokura Hisashi , Ishikawa Satoshi
Published: December 2017

Phytoplankton primary production and its regulation by light and nutrient availability were investigated in the shallow, tropical coastal waters of Bandon Bay, Southern Thailand. The bay was meso‐eutrophicated and highly turbid, receiving river water discharge. Water column stratification was consistently weak during both rainy and dry seasons. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was higher off the river mouth than in the other regions, suggesting that river water discharge was a main source of DIN. By contrast, dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) showed a significant negative correlation with total water depth, implying that regeneration around the sea floor was an important source of DIP. Surface DIN and DIP showed positive correlations with surface primary production (PP) and water column primary productivity (ΣPP*), respectively. The combined correlation and model analyses indicate that total water depth had an ambivalent influence on water column primary production (ΣPP); shallower water depth induced more active regeneration of nutrients, but it also caused higher turbidity and lower light availability as a result of enhanced resuspension of sediments. Furthermore, there was a vertical constraint for phytoplankton during the rainy season: total water depth tended to be shallower than euphotic zone depth. In conclusion, light limitation and vertical constraint owing to shallow water depth appear to be more important than nutrient limitation for water column primary production in Bandon Bay.
Influence of environmental variability on distribution and relative abundance of baleen whales (suborder Mysticeti) in the Gulf of California
Authors: García‐Morales Ricardo , Pérez‐Lezama Edgar Leonardo , Shirasago‐Germán Bernardo
Published: December 2017

The Gulf of California (GC) is one of the most productive seas in the Pacific Ocean because of several oceanographic phenomena that support many marine mammal species, particularly of the cetacean order. The environmental variability of the GC was analysed during the cold and warm periods of 2005 and 2006 and its effects on the distribution and relative abundance of baleen whales using sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophylla(Chla) concentration. Satellite image analysis allowed us to detect important differences in both Chlaconcentration and SST including cold to warm periods, even between the two cold periods and between the two warm periods. The cold periods had the highest number of whales: 99 individuals in 2005 and 183 in 2006, which were distributed along the entire gulf. Fewer animals were recorded in the warm period: 46 individuals in 2005 and 30 in 2006, which were mainly distributed in the northern part of the gulf. We concluded that SST influenced the relative abundance of baleen whales while Chlaconcentration influenced their distribution.
Regulation of microvascular function by voltage‐gated potassium channels: New tricks for an “ancient” dog
Authors: Nystoriak Matthew A. , Navedo Manuel F.
Published: December 2017

Arterial tone is tightly regulated by a variety of potassium (K+) permeable ion channels at the sarcolemma of vascular smooth muscle cells. In particular, several types of KV channels provide a significant hyperpolarizing influence and serve to oppose pressure and agonist‐induced membrane depolarization to promote smooth muscle relaxation and augmentation of vascular diameter and blood flow. In recent years, a number of studies have underscored previously unknown roles for particular KV subunits, new modes of channel regulation, and distinct cellular functions for these channels during physiological and pathological conditions. In this overview, we highlight articles contained in this Special Topics Issue that focus on the latest, most exciting advancements in the field of KV channels in the microcirculation. The collection of articles aims to highlight important new discoveries and controversies in the field of vascular KV channels as well as to shed light on key questions that require additional investigation.
Systemic changes in photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species homeostasis in shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana infected with the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii
Authors: Labudda Mateusz , Różańska Elżbieta , Czarnocka Weronika , Sobczak Mirosław , Dzik Jolanta Maria
Published: December 2017

Photosynthetic efficiency and redox homeostasis are important for plant physiological processes during regular development as well as defence responses. The second‐stage juveniles of Heterodera schachtii induce syncytial feeding sites in host roots. To ascertain whether the development of syncytia alters photosynthesis and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and antioxidant responses were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana shoots on the day of inoculation and at 3, 7 and 15 days post‐inoculation (dpi). Nematode parasitism caused an accumulation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide molecules in the shoots of infected plants at 3 dpi, probably as a result of the observed down‐regulation of antioxidant enzymes. These changes were accompanied by an increase in RNA and lipid oxidation markers. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were found to be enhanced on infection at 7 and 15 dpi, and the content of anthocyanins was elevated from 3 dpi. The fluorescence parameter Rfd, defining plant vitality and the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, decreased by 11% only at 7 dpi, and non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ), indicating the effectiveness of photoprotection mechanisms, was about 16% lower at 3 and 7 dpi. As a result of infection, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts was changed (large starch grains and plastoglobules), and more numerous and larger peroxisomes were observed in the mesophyll cells of leaves. We postulate that the joint action of antioxidant enzymes/molecules and photochemical mechanisms leading to the maintenance of photosynthetic efficiency promotes the fine‐tuning of the infected plants to oxidative stress induced by parasitic cyst nematodes.
Assessing natural infection with Zika virus in the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, during 2016 in Puerto Rico
Authors: YEE D. A. , DEJESUS‐CRESPO R. , HUNTER F. F. , BAI F.
Published: December 2017

The epidemic of Zika in the Western hemisphere has led to intense investigations of all species important in the transmission of Zika virus (ZikV), including putative mosquito vectors. Although evidence points to Stegomyia (= Aedes) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes as the primary vectors in nature among humans, there remains the possibility that other common mosquito species may be implicated in the rapid spread of the virus. Herein, field‐caught Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) collected during June 2016 in different neighbourhoods in San Juan, Puerto Rico were examined for the presence of natural infection with ZikV. Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti) from the same locations were also analysed. None of the Cx. quinquefasciatus tested showed natural infection for ZikV, whereas S. aegypti tested positive at seven sites. The present results suggest that Cx. quinquefasciatus was not involved in the transmission of ZikV in San Juan, Puerto Rico in 2016.
Complement factor H gene polymorphism rs6677604 and the risk, severity and progression of IgA nephropathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yeo See Cheng , Liu Xinyang , Liew Adrian
Published: December 2017

Aim

Studies reporting the association between complement factor H gene rs6677604 polymorphism and susceptibility to IgA nephropathy (IgAN) had yielded inconsistent results. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to clarify the association between rs6677604 and IgAN susceptibility, disease severity and chronic progression.

Methods

A comprehensive database search was performed to identify eligible studies. Meta‐analyses were performed for rs6677604 allele frequency, genotypes and the association with IgAN susceptibility.

Results

10 studies were included in the systematic review. Among them, four studies containing 10 distinct datasets (15,617 cases and 31,957 controls) were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled frequency of the minor allele (A) was significantly higher in Europeans than in Asians across both IgAN cases and controls, and the frequency of the minor allele (A) in IgAN cases was also significantly lower than that in controls across both European and Asian subgroups. Significant associations were detected between rs6677604 and risk of developing IgAN, when comparing allele A vs. G, genotype AA vs. GG, genotype AA vs. AG and genotype AG vs. GG. In analysis stratified by ethnicity, significant association was only observed in Europeans but not in Asians when comparing AA vs. GG or AA vs. AG.

Conclusion

Our pooled analysis showed a significant association between rs6677604‐(A) allele and IgAN susceptibility, supporting the importance of complement activation in the pathogenesis of IgAN. The presence of rs6677604‐(A) allele may be associated with a decreased the risk of IgAN in Europeans, but the association was not confirmed in Asians.
Niche partitioning of intertidal seagrasses: evidence of the influence of substrate temperature
Authors: Campbell Marnie L. , Heppenstall Lara D. , Hendry Rebecca , Martin Ross , Sørensen Stine , Rubenstein Ashley N. , Hewitt Chad L.
Published: December 2017

The influence of soil temperature on rhizome depths of four intertidal seagrass species was investigated in central Queensland, Australia. We postulated that certain intertidal seagrass species are soil temperature‐sensitive and vertically stratify rhizome depths.

Below‐ground vertical stratification of intertidal seagrass rhizome depths was analysed based upon microclimate (soil temperature) and microhabitat (soil type).

Soil temperature profiles exhibited heat transfer from surface layers to depth that varied by microhabitat, with vertical stratification of rhizome depths between species. Halodule uninervis rhizomes maintain a narrow median soil temperature envelope; compensating for high surface temperatures by occupying deeper, cooler soil substrates. Halophila decipiens, Halophila ovalis and Zostera muelleri rhizomes are shallow‐rooted and exposed to fluctuating temperatures, with broader median temperature envelopes. Halodule uninervis appears to be a niche specialist, with the two Halophila species considered as generalist niche usage species.

The implications of niche use based upon soil temperature profiles and rhizome rooting depths are discussed in the context of species’ thermal tolerances and below‐ground biomass O2 demand associated with respiration and maintenance of oxic microshields. This preliminary evidence suggests that soil temperature interaction with rhizome rooting depths may be a factor that influences the distribution of intertidal seagrasses.
Using agent‐based modeling to study multiple risk factors and multiple health outcomes at multiple levels
Authors: Yang Yong
Published: December 2017

Most health studies focus on one health outcome and examine the influence of one or multiple risk factors. However, in reality, various pathways, interactions, and associations exist not only between risk factors and health outcomes but also among the risk factors and among health outcomes. The advance of system science methods, Big Data, and accumulated knowledge allows us to examine how multiple risk factors influence multiple health outcomes at multiple levels (termed a 3M study). Using the study of neighborhood environment and health as an example, I elaborate on the significance of 3M studies. 3M studies may lead to a significantly deeper understanding of the dynamic interactions among risk factors and outcomes and could help us design better interventions that may be of particular relevance for upstream interventions. Agent‐based modeling (ABM) is a promising method in the 3M study, although its potentials are far from being fully explored. Future challenges include the gap of epidemiologic knowledge and evidence, lack of empirical data sources, and the technical challenges of ABM.
Dietary changes in predators and scavengers in a nocturnally illuminated riparian ecosystem
Authors: Manfrin Alessandro , Lehmann David , van Grunsven Roy H. A. , Larsen Stefano , Syväranta Jari , Wharton Geraldene , Voigt Christian C. , Monaghan Michael T. , Hölker Franz
Published: December 2017

Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are linked by fluxes of carbon and nutrients in riparian areas. Processes that alter these fluxes may therefore change the diet and composition of consumer communities. We used stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analyses to test whether the increased abundance of aquatic prey observed in a previous study led to a dietary shift in riparian consumers in areas illuminated by artificial light at night (ALAN). We measured the contribution of aquatic‐derived carbon to diets in riparian arthropods in experimentally lit and unlit sites along an agricultural drainage ditch in northern Germany. The δ13C signature of the spider Pachygnatha clercki (Tetragnathidae) was 0.7‰ lower in the ALAN‐illuminated site in summer, indicating a greater assimilation of aquatic prey. Bayesian mixing models also supported higher intake of aquatic prey under ALAN in spring (34% versus 21%). In contrast, isotopic signatures for P. clercki (0.3‰) and Pardosa prativaga (0.7‰) indicated a preference for terrestrial prey in the illuminated site in spring. Terrestrial prey intake increased in spring for P. clercki under ALAN (from 70% to 74%) and in spring and autumn for P. prativaga (from 68% to 77% and from 67% to 72%) and Opiliones (from 68% to 72%; 68% to 75%). This was despite most of the available prey (up to 80%) being aquatic in origin. We conclude that ALAN changed the diet of riparian secondary consumers by increasing the density of both aquatic and terrestrial prey. Dietary changes were species‐ and season‐specific, indicating that the effects of ALAN may interact with phenology and feeding strategy. Because streetlights can occur in high density near freshwaters, ALAN may have widespread effects on aquatic–terrestrial ecosystem linkages.
Do we still need oral food challenges for the diagnosis of food allergy?
Authors: Eigenmann Philippe A.
Published: December 2017

Food challenges are standard in the diagnosis in patients suspected of being allergic to food. However, their role is regularly questioned due to the time required to perform them, and to their cost and the inherent risk of severe reactions. Food challenges have been challenged by recent advances defining threshold values for food‐specific IgE helping to predict the probability of having symptoms to the suspected food. Also, identification of major allergens to various highly allergenic foods such as peanuts or tree nuts has contributed to an increased accuracy of IgE testing. Altogether, these new data have contributed to a better definition of the role of oral food challenges in the diagnosis of food allergy. Oral food challenges are not outdated and remain the gold standard in the diagnosis of food allergy.
Consequences of Sphaeropsis tip blight disease for the phytohormone profile and antioxidative metabolism of its pine host
Authors: Hu Bin , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Kojima Mikiko , Takebayashi Yumiko , Bußkamp Johanna , Langer Gitta J. , Peters Franziska S. , Schumacher Jörg , Eiblmeier Monika , Kreuzwieser Jürgen , Rennenberg Heinz
Published: December 2017

Phytopathogenic fungi infections induce plant defence responses that mediate changes in metabolic and signalling processes with severe consequences for plant growth and development. Sphaeropsis tip blight, induced by the endophytic fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea that spreads from stem tissues to the needles, is the most widespread disease of conifer forests causing dramatic economic losses. However, metabolic consequences of this disease on bark and wood tissues of its host are largely unexplored. Here, we show that diseased host pines experience tissue dehydration in both bark and wood. Increased cytokinin and declined indole‐3‐acetic acid levels were observed in both tissues and increased jasmonic acid and abscisic acid levels exclusively in the wood. Increased lignin contents at the expense of holo‐cellulose with declined structural biomass of the wood reflect cell wall fortification by S. sapinea infection. These changes are consistent with H2O2 accumulation in the wood, required for lignin polymerization. Accumulation of H2O2 was associated with more oxidized redox states of glutathione and ascorbate pools. These findings indicate that S. sapinea affects both phytohormone signalling and the antioxidative defence system in stem tissues of its pine host during the infection process.
Clinical outcomes of unrelated cord blood transplantation in children with malignant and non‐malignant diseases: Multicenter experience in China
Authors: Tang Xiangfeng , Fang Jianpei , Yu Jie , Li Zhiguang , Chen Jing , Sun Xin , Zhu Yiping , Hu Shaoyan , Qin Maoquan , Tang Yongmin , Luan Zuo
Published: December 2017

This multicenter retrospective study included 184 children with malignant and non‐malignant diseases who underwentUCBTbetween January 1998 and August 2012. The malignant disease group included 101 children withALL,AML,CML,JMML, andMDS, and the non‐malignant disease group included 83 children withPID, β‐thalassemia,IMD BMF, andHLH. The median duration to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 16 and 35 days in the malignant disease group vs 15 and 38 days in the non‐malignant disease group. The cumulative incidence of gradeII‐IV aGVHDandcGVHDwas 25.6% and 13.5% in the malignant disease group vs 19.7% and 11.1% in the non‐malignant disease group, respectively. The median duration and cumulative incidence of neutrophil and platelet engraftment, and the cumulative incidence of gradeII‐IV aGVHDandcGVHDwere similar between the two groups. Of the 184 pediatric patients, 114 patients survived during a median follow‐up period of 14 months (range 4‐138). The 5‐yearOSandDFSwere not statistically different between the two groups (56.3% and 46.1% in malignant disease group vs 68.5% and 52.8% in non‐malignant disease group). The above results indicate thatUCBis a viable source forHSCTfor children with malignant or non‐malignant diseases, especially in urgent cases.
Multitemporal monitoring of a coastal landslide through SfM‐derived point cloud comparison
Authors: Esposito Giuseppe , Salvini Riccardo , Matano Fabio , Sacchi Marco , Danzi Maria , Somma Renato , Troise Claudia
Published: December 2017

Monitoring of geomorphic changes affecting sea cliffs poses a difficult challenge from a logistical point of view. Nevertheless, this activity is fundamental for the evaluation of cliff recession rates and the assessment of risk conditions affecting coastal settlements. Innovative geomatics techniques provide a valid contribution to detect cliff topographic modifications induced by erosion or landslide processes. This study presents a photogrammetric approach based on structure from motion (SfM) aimed at monitoring the geomorphic evolution of a coastal landslide that displaced about 40 000 m3 of material in southern Italy. The landslide was monitored for more than two years, comparing multitemporal 3D point clouds derived from SfM. The results of change detection analysis allowed quantifying the volumes of rocks and unconsolidated sediments mobilised by erosion processes after the main failure, and developing a sediment budget. The study highlighted the high erodibility of collapsed material, as well as the suitability of the adopted techniques for 3D change detection analyses.
Sperm preparation through Sephadex™ filtration improves in vitro fertilization rate of buffalo oocytes
Authors: Husna AU , Azam A , Qadeer S , Awan MA , Nasreen S , Shahzad Q , Fouladi‐Nashta A , Khalid M , Akhter S
Published: December 2017

Contents

Routinely, swim‐up method is used to separate high‐quality sperm; however, long processing time and close cell‐to‐cell contact during the centrifugation step are inevitable elements of oxidative stress to sperm. The objective was to evaluate Sephadex™ and glass wool filtration to separate motile, intact and viable sperm for in vitro fertilization in buffalo. The cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from ovaries of slaughtered buffaloes by aspiration and matured for 24 hr in CO2 incubator at 38.5°C and 5% CO2. Matured COCs were rinsed twice in fertilization TALP and placed in the pre‐warmed fertilization medium without sperm. Cryopreserved buffalo semen was thawed at 37°C for 30 s and processed through Sephadex™, glass wool filtration and swim‐up (control). Total and motile sperm recovery rates were assessed, resuspended in fertilization TALP and incubated for 15–20 min in CO2 incubator. Samples prepared by each method were divided into two aliquots: one aliquot was studied for sperm quality (progressive motility, membrane integrity, viability, liveability), while the other was subjected to co‐incubation with sets of 10–15 in vitro matured oocytes. Data on sperm quality were analysed by ANOVA, while in vitro fertilizing rates were compared by chi‐squared test using SPSS‐20. Least significant difference (LSD) test was used to compare treatment means. Glass wool filtration yielded higher total and motile sperm recovery rate, while Sephadex™ filtration improved (p < .05) sperm quality (progressive motility, membrane integrity, viability, liveability). Sperm preparation through Sephadex filtration yielded higher in vitro fertilization rate in terms of cleavage rate compared to glass wool filtration and swim‐up (control). In conclusion, cryopreserved Nili‐Ravi buffalo sperm selected through Sephadex filtration showed improved quality and yielded better fertilization rates (cleavage rate) of in vitro matured/fertilized oocytes. Sephadex filtration could be a promising technique for use in in vitro fertilization in buffalo.
Therapeutic potential of amniotic fluid stem cells to treat bilateral ovarian dystrophy in dairy cows in a subtropical region
Authors: Chang L‐B , Peng S‐Y , Chou C‐J , Chen Y‐J , Shiu J‐S , Tu P‐A , Gao S‐X , Chen Y‐C , Lin T‐K , Wu S‐C
Published: December 2017

Contents

Amniotic fluid is a rich source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) have become a new source of stem cells; they have low immunogenicity and are easily harvested. For this reason, they may be useful in clinical tissue engineering. Moreover, AFSCs have anti‐inflammatory properties and can repair tissues. This study evaluated the utility of AFSC injection to treat bilateral ovarian dystrophy in Holstein‐Friesian cows. Bovine AFSCs (BAFSCs) were collected at slaughter from Holstein‐Friesian cows during the third or fourth month of pregnancy and cultured in vitro. The BAFSCs began to show a fibroblast‐like morphology. They were positive for β‐integrin, CD44, CD73, CD106 and Oct4 and negative for CD34 and CD45. After induction, the cells differentiated into mesodermal lineages. Bilateral ovarian dystrophy was confirmed by ultrasonography in 16 lactating cows. The subsequent experiment lasted 15 weeks. Serum was collected weekly to analyse progesterone concentrations, and weekly ultrasonography recorded ovarian changes. Each cow was equipped with an automatic heat detection system to facilitate oestrus observation and breeding records. The progesterone concentration of two cows in the treatment group (25%) significantly increased during weeks 10–15. On ultrasonography, the treatment group demonstrated mature follicles after BAFSCs injection, and foetuses were visualized approximately 40 days after artificial insemination (AI). Oestrus rates in the control and treatment groups were 0% (0/8) and 50% (4/8), respectively; pregnancy rates were 0% (0/8) and 25% (2/8), respectively. Calves were successfully delivered in both cases of pregnancy. These results show that BAFSCs can alleviate bovine ovarian dystrophy and restore fertility.
Likelihood of pulmonary hypertension in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
Authors: Jacob Joseph , Bartholmai Brian J. , Rajagopalan Srinivasan , Karwoski Ronald , Nair Arjun , Walsh Simon L.F. , Barnett Joseph , Cross Gary , Judge Eoin P. , Kokosi Maria , Renzoni Elisabetta , Maher Toby M. , Wells Athol U.
Published: December 2017

Background and objective

This study evaluated whether patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) have an increased likelihood of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) when compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients without emphysema.

Methods

Two consecutive IPF populations having undergone transthoracic echocardiography were examined (n = 223 and n = 162). Emphysema and interstitial lung disease (ILD) extent were quantified visually; ILD extent was also quantified by a software tool, CALIPER. Echocardiographic criteria categorized PHT risk.

Results

The prevalence of an increased PHT likelihood was 29% and 31% in each CPFE cohort. Survival at 12 months was 60% across both CPFE cohorts with no significantly worsened outcome identified when compared with IPF patients without emphysema.

Using logistic regression models in both cohorts, total computed tomography (CT) disease extent (ILD and emphysema) predicted the likelihood of PHT. After adjustment for total disease extent, CPFE had no stronger association with PHT likelihood than IPF patients without emphysema.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the reported association between CPFE and PHT is explained by the summed baseline CT extents of ILD and emphysema. Once baseline severity is taken into account, CPFE is not selectively associated with a malignant microvascular phenotype, when compared with IPF patients without emphysema.
Mortality in patients with community‐onset pneumonia at low risk of drug‐resistant pathogens: Impact of β‐lactam plus macrolide combination therapy
Authors: Okumura Junya , Shindo Yuichiro , Takahashi Kunihiko , Sano Masahiro , Sugino Yasuteru , Yagi Tetsuya , Taniguchi Hiroyuki , Saka Hideo , Matsui Shigeyuki , Hasegawa Yoshinori ,   on behalf of the Central Japan Lung Study Group
Published: December 2017

Background and objective

Drug‐resistant pathogen (DRP) risk stratification is important for choosing a treatment strategy for community‐onset pneumonia. Evidence for benefits of non‐antipseudomonal β‐lactam plus macrolide combination therapy (BLM) on mortality is limited in patients at low DRP risk. Risk factors for mortality remain to be clarified.

Methods

Post hoc analysis using a prospective multicentre study cohort of community‐onset pneumonia was performed to assess 30‐day differences in mortality between non‐antipseudomonal β‐lactam monotherapy (BL) and BLM groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the therapeutic effect and risk factors for mortality in patients at low DRP risk.

Results

In total, 594 patients with community‐onset pneumonia at low DRP risk (369 BL and 225 BLM) were analysed. The 30‐day mortality in BL and BLM was 13.8% and 1.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that BLM reduced the 30‐day mortality (adjusted odds ratio: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09–0.87) compared with BL. Independent prognostic factors for 30‐day mortality included arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) > 50 mm Hg, white blood cell count < 4000/mm3, non‐ambulatory status, albumin < 3.0 g/dL, haematocrit < 30%, age ≥ 80 years, respiratory rate > 25/min and body temperature < 36°C.

Conclusion

In patients with community‐onset pneumonia at low DRP risk, BLM treatment reduced 30‐day mortality compared with BL. Independent risk factors for mortality are potential confounding factors when assessing antibiotic effects in randomized clinical trials.
The Essential Elements of a Risk Governance Framework for Current and Future Nanotechnologies
Authors: Stone Vicki , Führ Martin , Feindt Peter H. , Bouwmeester Hans , Linkov Igor , Sabella Stefania , Murphy Finbarr , Bizer Kilian , Tran Lang , Ågerstrand Marlene , Fito Carlos , Andersen Torben , Anderson Diana , Bergamaschi Enrico , Cherrie John W. , Cowan Sue , Dalemcourt Jean‐Francois , Faure Michael , Gabbert Silke , Gajewicz Agnieszka , Fernandes Teresa F. , Hristozov Danail , Johnston Helinor J. , Lansdown Terry C. , Linder Stefan , Marvin Hans J. P. , Mullins Martin , Purnhagen Kai , Puzyn Tomasz , Sanchez Jimenez Araceli , Scott‐Fordsmand Janeck J. , Streftaris George , van Tongeren Martie , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Voyiatzis George , Yannopoulos Spyros N. , Poortvliet P. Marijn
Published: December 2017

Societies worldwide are investing considerable resources into the safe development and use of nanomaterials. Although each of these protective efforts is crucial for governing the risks of nanomaterials, they are insufficient in isolation. What is missing is a more integrative governance approach that goes beyond legislation. Development of this approach must be evidence based and involve key stakeholders to ensure acceptance by end users. The challenge is to develop a framework that coordinates the variety of actors involved in nanotechnology and civil society to facilitate consideration of the complex issues that occur in this rapidly evolving research and development area. Here, we propose three sets of essential elements required to generate an effective risk governance framework for nanomaterials. (1) Advanced tools to facilitate risk‐based decision making, including an assessment of the needs of users regarding risk assessment, mitigation, and transfer. (2) An integrated model of predicted human behavior and decision making concerning nanomaterial risks. (3) Legal and other (nano‐specific and general) regulatory requirements to ensure compliance and to stimulate proactive approaches to safety. The implementation of such an approach should facilitate and motivate good practice for the various stakeholders to allow the safe and sustainable future development of nanotechnology.
Comparison of two peripheral mononuclear cell isolation protocols for flow cytometry crossmatching
Authors: Apithy M.‐J. , Desoutter J. , Guillaume N.
Published: December 2017

In clinical organ transplantation, flow cytometry crossmatching can be performed on total blood with a hemolysis step or after a preliminary mononuclear cell separation step using a standard Ficoll‐Hypaque protocol. Here, we compared the Ficoll‐Hypaque step with a faster technique for isolating mononuclear cells (the SepMate tube), using the same samples (collected and stored at room temperature for 0, 24, 48 or 72 hours). We found that the SepMate separation protocol is easily applied to flow cytometry crossmatching (with or without pronase treatment), provided that the samples have been stored at room temperature for 48 hours or less. Conversely, the Ficoll‐Hypaque protocol should be used if the samples have been stored for more than 48 hours at room temperature.
Quality management of a massive transfusion protocol
Authors: Hess John R. , Ramos Patrick J. , Sen Nina E. , Cruz‐Cody Virginia G. , Tuott Erin E. , Louzon Max J. , Bulger Eileen M. , Arbabi Saman , Pagano Monica B. , Metcalf Ryan A.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Massive transfusion is a response to massive uncontrolled hemorrhage. To be effective, it must be timely and address the patient's needs for blood volume, oxygen transport, and hemostasis.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

A review was performed on all activations of the massive transfusion protocol (MTP) in a hospital with large emergency medicine, trauma, and vascular surgery programs. Indications, transfused amounts, and outcomes were determined for each MTP event to determine appropriateness of MTP use. Results are presented as descriptive statistics, categorical associations, and simple linear trend relationships.

RESULTS

The MTP was activated 309 times in 2016. Of these episodes, 237 were for trauma, 29 for gastrointestinal bleeding, 16 for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurisms, and 25 for a variety of other causes. Trauma‐related MTP activations had a mean injury severity score of 32. Blood use averaged 6.6 units of red blood cells (RBCs), 6.5 units of plasma, and 1.2 units of apheresis platelets. Fourteen activations ended without the administration of any blood products, and 45 (14%) did not meet the critical administration threshold of three components. Only 60 (19%) activations met the historic definition of massive with at least 10 units of RBCs administered. Mortality was 15% for the trauma‐related activations.

CONCLUSIONS

Massive transfusion protocol activations were frequent and conducted with high fidelity to the 1:1:1 unit ratio standard. Making blood components available quickly was associated with low rates of total component usage and low mortality for trauma patients and was not associated with overuse.