bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presidential Pseudo-Events and the Media Coverage They Receive
Authors: Peake Jeff , Parks Amanda Jo
Published: September 2016

American presidents routinely use pseudo-events in their attempts to generate positive news coverage and build a favorable image in the press. Despite their prevalence, we know little about how pseudo-events are covered by the American press. We content analyze front-page coverage of seven White House events during 2006 and early 2007 in 96 U.S. newspapers. We compare the amount and tone of coverage given each event, as well as the framing provided by headlines and lead paragraphs. Moreover, comparisons across newspapers suggest that newspapers slant to their coverage of presidential pseudo-events, which correlates with endorsement behavior and the political leanings of its potential market. Our results suggest that the coverage of presidential pseudo-events is shaped by the national political and policy context as well as the local context of the newspaper, thus limiting the ability of the White House to positively influence media coverage. However, effective staging and symbolism can result in positive coverage, even when the president faces difficult political circumstances.
Partisan "New Media" and Opinion Change, 2002-2004
Authors: Jones David A.
Published: September 2016

When gathering news about public affairs, citizens may now choose from a broader selection of political “new media” outlets that provide programming closely aligned with their opinions and worldviews. This study explores whether partisan opinion-based communication such as that broadcast on talk radio influence the views of their audiences. It finds that between 2002 and 2004 Democrats who regularly listened to political talk radio developed distinctly cooler feelings toward President Bush and other high-profile GOP leaders. Although these findings provide no decisive proof of media effects, they do raise questions about partisan new media’s contributions to polarization in the electorate at large. As more partisan outlets become available, existing political cleavages may widen.
The Texas Republican Gerrymander of 2003: Was There an Effect on Congressional "Cheap Seats"?
Authors: Wink Kenneth A.
Published: September 2016

I examine the 2002, 2004, and 2006 Texas congressional elections to determine whether Republican redistricting in 2003 affected partisan turnout bias in subsequent elections. I use election results published in relevant issues of the Almanac of American Politics and from the website of the Texas Secretary of State’s Office and apply James E. Campbell’s (1996) calculation of partisan turnout bias. I find the Republican gerrymander did not reduce the Democratic advantage in turnout bias, suggesting that Republicans were somewhat restricted from affecting turnout bias by legal requirements to draw majority-minority districts and more importantly they probably had as their first priority the gaining of a favorable allocation or distributional bias rather than a favorable turn-out bias in translating votes into seats.
Presidential Campaigning during Midterm Elections
Authors: Eshbaugh-Soha Matthew , Nicholson-Crotty Sean
Published: September 2016

Previous studies have approached presidential campaigning at midterm from very different theoretical vantages. One component of the literature suggests that president’s campaign at midterm primarily to aid individual candidates and improve congressional makeup, while another argues that all presidential travel is part of the permanent campaign that presidents undertake in order to further personal reelection goals. Interestingly, these approaches, and the factors that each suggests influence presidential decisions, have remained effectively insulated from one another in empirical studies of presidential travel and campaigning. This study combines these complimentary theoretical stories to provide a more comprehensive model of presidential campaigning in midterm elections. We test this model in an analysis of midterm campaign stops between 1994 and 2006 and show a mix of factors from both literatures best explain presidential campaigning at midterm.
Expanding the Measure of Congruency: Presidential Anticipation of Public Preferences, 1953-2001
Authors: Rottinghaus Brandon
Published: September 2016

Several important studies have examined congruency between presidential policy position taking and public opinion. Much of this policy-public opinion scholarship, however, explores reflexive responsive pathways between representative and represented, where presidents read public opinion and respond to the opinions of the known public. A less explored aspect of presidential responsiveness to public opinion is the idea of presidential anticipation of future public opinion similar to Key’s (1964) concept of latent opinion. In this article, we offer a simple measure of anticipatory public opinion. Confirming what Key speculated about latent opinion, we find that presidents are more likely to successfully anticipate public preferences when the issue is salient and when elections are approaching, whereas popularity matters very little. Based upon these findings, presidents tend to look outward at the future political environment they face rather than inward (at current popularity) in anticipating reactions to new policy agendas.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LEAVES AND FRUITS OF MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) CV. IMBU
Authors: VIECCELLI JULIANA CRISTINA , SIQUEIRA DALMO LOPES DE , BISPO WILKA MESSNER DA SILVA , LEMOS LORENA MOREIRA CARVALHO
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Although mango is one of the tropical fruits of greater interest in the world trade, literature concerning their rootstocks (characteristics and utilization) is scarce. This study aimed to characterize mango plants from cv. Imbú, widely used as rootstock in the Zona da Mata region, State of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. Though fruits of this cultivar do not present desirable commercial characteristics, this study allowed us to characterize part of plant morphology and fill a gap in the literature, providing subsidies for future investigations. For such, 'Imbú' plants (˜ 4-years old) from the collection of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, located in Viçosa -MG were evaluated. The descriptors were: (i) leaf blade division;(ii) leaf composition; (iii) petiole length in relation to leaf blade; (iv) phyllotaxis, (v) leaf position in relation to the branch insertion; (vi) leaf shape; (vii) leaf apex and base angles; (viii) leaf margin category; (ix) venation; (x) leaf length and thickness; (xi) leaf length/thickness ratio; (xii) leaf texture; (xiii) leaf fragrance; (xix) leaf color. The leaves were depicted as lanceolate, with entire margins and sharp angles at the base and apex of the leaf blade. The intensity of the green color of the leaf blade was considered intermediate and the abaxial surface staining showed less intense than that observed in the upper side. The fruits were processed and separated into peel, pulp and seeds in order to evaluate the flesh color, fresh weight and percentage of seeds, peel and pulp. It was determined the soluble solids content, starch concentration, the peel and the pulp color, the cerosity, the percentage evaluation of peel, pulp and seed and the pulp firmness. The average number of germinated seedlings per seed was estimated for 230 sown seeds.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF JABOTICABA TREE GENOTYPES LOCATED IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF RECÔNCAVO OF BAHIA
Authors: CRUZ ELAINE SILVA DA , DANTAS ANA CRISTINA VELLO LOYOLA , CARMO CÁTIA DIAS DO , BASTOS LUCIMÁRIO PEREIRA
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The jaboticaba tree (Plinia sp.) is a native fruit tree belonging to the Myrtaceae family, which occurs spontaneously throughout Brazil. The estimation of genetic divergence among genotypes of native populations can be useful for conservation and knowledge of available genetic resources, in the formation of gene banks and breeding species. In order to evaluate the genetic diversity of jaboticaba trees identified in the Bahia Reconcavo municipalities, 35 genotypes were characterized by ISSR primers (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats). The 18 primers generated a total of 463 amplicons, and the number of initiator fragments ranged from 14 to 36, with an average of 25.72% and 99.65% polymorphism. Polymorphic information content ranged from 0.13 to 0.33 with a mean of 0.22 and the marker resolution power from 4.34 to 15.77, with an average of 8.67. Multivariate analysis allowed the formation of five groups of genetic divergence, where the longest distance was 0.97 between JCA6 and JSF8 genotypes and the lower of JMT2 and JCA1 (0.11). From the use of ISSR markers it is possible to check the variability between genotypes on the evaluated jaboticaba trees.
O discurso pedagógico da ciência em operação na Rede Nacional de Educação e Ciência: Novos Talentos da Rede Pública (RNEC/NT)
Authors: Schwantes Lavínia , Henning Paula Corrêa , Ribeiro Paula Regina Costa
Published: September 2016

Resumo Este artigo objetiva analisar como alguns grupos da Rede Nacional de Educação e Ciências: Novos Talentos da Rede Pública (RNEC/NT), da região sul do país, operam o que temos chamado discurso pedagógico da ciência em cursos para professores e estudantes da Educação Básica. Para tal, utilizamos descrições de cenas enunciativas de cursos desses grupos e os analisamos a partir da análise de discurso foucaultiana. Concluímos que existem três movimentos de pedagogização da ciência nos cursos analisados: na organização pedagógica geral do curso; no ensino, ou como denominamos na "pedagogização" do método científico; e na variação de metodologias para o ensino de ciências. É possível dizer que cursos como estes possibilitam ao professorado compreender a importância desses dois campos de saber para sua prática docente: o discurso pedagógico e o discurso científico.
Novos cenários: entre o “estupro coletivo” e a “farsa do estupro” na sociedade em rede
Authors: Beleli Iara
Published: September 2016

Resumo Neste artigo proponho reflexão sobre os impactos da Internet nas relações entre as pessoas, com alguns aparatos estatais e com os movimentos sociais, analisando o caso do estupro coletivo ocorrido no Morro da Barão, Rio de Janeiro, em maio de 2016, que ganhou grande repercussão nacional e internacional, tanto na grande mídia como nas redes sociais. Para isso, fiz um mapeamento de notícias e vídeos sobre “cultura do estupro” e os comentários a essa produção, o que me levou aos diferentes entendimentos do termo e às moralidades que perpassam esses entendimentos e suas contestações.
Desafios da Interseccionalidade em Gênero, Ciência e Tecnologia
Authors: Costa Maria Conceição da , Feltrin Rebeca Buzzo
Published: September 2016

Resumo Este texto reflete sobre os avanços alcançados e desafios ainda vigentes na discussão sobre as inter-relações entre gênero, ciência e tecnologia (GC&T). O contexto do evento comemorativo dos 20 anos do Núcleo de Estudos de Gênero – Pagu foi um ambiente propício para tal debate, permitindo que fizéssemos um exercício coletivo de análise sobre a trajetória desse campo temático no Brasil e no exterior e, especialmente, sobre a importante contribuição do Pagu nas últimas décadas.
Validity Evidences for the Portuguese Version of the Problem Behavior Scale: Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales-2
Authors: Major Sofia , Seabra-Santos Maria João
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The early identification of problem behaviors is essential in preschool. This paper presents evidence of validity (confirmatory factor analysis) for the Problem Behavior scale of the Portuguese version of the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2). Analyses were performed for the scale's 46 items, which were grouped into 16 item-parcels. Once it was verified that the model fit the total sample (N = 2000; CFI = .98; RMSEA = .06), analyses were replicated for the samples collected at home and at school (n = 1000 per setting). Results indicate a factor structure equivalent to the original version, with five supplemental subscales, distributed into two subscales (Externalizing and Internalizing), stable for the two subsamples, with high internal consistency levels (α = .78-.97). The discussion highlights the utility/validity of the Portuguese version of the Problem Behavior scale among preschoolers.
Female Principals in Education: Breaking the Glass Ceiling in Spain
Authors: Gutierrez Enrique Javier Diez
Published: September 2016

Abstract Spanish schools are characterised by having a high proportion of female staff. However, statistics show that a proportionately higher number of men hold leadership positions. The aim of this study was to analyse the reasons why this is so, and to determine the motivations and barriers that women encounter in attaining and exercising these positions of greater responsibility and power. Questionnaires were administered to 2,022 female teachers, 430 female principals and 322 male principals. In addition, semi-structured interviews were held with 60 female principals, 14 focus group discussions were held with female principals and 16 autobiographical narratives were compiled with female principals and school inspectors. The reasons identified were related to structural aspects linked to the patriarchal worldview that is still dominant in our society and culture. Nevertheless, we also found motivations among women for attaining and exercising leadership roles.
Albergue Espanhol: A Lenda Negra sobre o comer e o beber madrileños pelo olhar de viajantes franceses (século XIX)
Authors: Camargo Daisy de
Published: September 2016

Resumo Este texto, resultado parcial de minha pesquisa sobre a história das tabernas na cidade de Madri, centra o foco na percepção dos costumes do comer e beber, no viés da abordagem de relatos de escritores franceses do século XIX que estiveram em Madri: Alexandre Dumas, Théophile Gautier, Prósper Merimée e Jean-Charles Davillier. Esses escritores de cultura francesa - e mais especificamente parisiense - criaram a fama da Espanha Negra no que diz respeito à comida e à bebida. Tais literatos, advindos de classes abastadas, espalharam pela Europa uma péssima imagem em relação à mesa e hospitalidade espanholas, sedimentada na expressão "albergue espanhol" - onde se come, bebe e dorme muito mal -, além da ideia de que tudo na Península cheira a alho e vinho de vinagre.
Exudate coloring test suitability for assessing the viability of coffee seeds ( Coffea arabica L.)
Authors: Hilst Paulo César , Dias Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos , Gama Guilherme Fontes Valory , Araújo Joyce de Oliveira
Published: September 2016

Abstract: The exudate coloring test has been promising in order to quickly evaluate the quality of coffee seeds. The objective of the research was to adjust the coloring exudate test for coffee seeds and to evaluate the influence of the water content of seeds and of the imbibition period on the test results. Seeds from five lots of 'Catuaí 44' were used, with the following water contents: 30%, 20% and 12%. For the exudate coloring test, the parchment and silver skin (spermoderm) from the seeds were removed. Then, the seeds were distributed on a paper towel, moistened with water, and kept in a germinator at 25 °C for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. Four classes of coloring intensity were established: absence of color (A), light (L), medium (M) and strong (S) intensities, assigning the values 0, 3, 5 and 10 for each class, respectively. The Viability Index (VI) was calculated by the equation VI=100-(0xA)-(3xL)-(5xM)-(10xS). The exudate coloring test may be recommended to estimate the viability of coffee seeds, providing results correlated to the germination test. The best results were obtained for the seeds with 12% moisture content imbibed for 72, 96 and 120 h and seeds with 30% moisture content after 72 and 120 h of imbibition.
Physiological potential of peanut seeds submitted to drying and storage
Authors: Sarath Karina Laís Leite , Goneli André Luís Duarte , Filho Cesar Pedro Hartmann , Masetto Tathiana Elisa , Oba Guilherme Cardoso
Published: September 2016

Abstract: This study was performed to evaluate the immediate and latent effects of drying air temperature on the physiological potential of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). The fruits were harvested at the physiological maturity stage, with 36 ± 2% water content (w.b.), and dried at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC, until 7 ± 1% (w.b.). Thereafter, the fruits were stored in an environment with non-controlled temperature and relative humidity for 150 days, and the water content, germination and vigor of seeds were immediately determined, as well as at every 30 days thereafter, through the first count, and the tetrazolium test, accelerated aging test, cold test with soil and electrical conductivity. According to the results, it was found that the physiological potential of peanut seeds is inversely related to the drying temperature and the storage time, due to the fact that the germination and vigor are reduced as both factors increase. The air temperature of 40 °C may be recommended for the drying of peanut seeds, and even associated with the storage time of 150 days under uncontrolled conditions.
Proposta de modelo para controle integrado da produção e da qualidade com apoio da computação móvel
Authors: Leão Cibeli Ferrando , Isatto Eduardo Luis , Formoso Carlos Torres
Published: September 2016

Resumo Alguns estudos indicam que as perdas por making-do são frequentes na indústria da construção e constituem-se na causa-raiz de outras perdas, tais como acidentes, falhas de qualidade, retrabalho e trabalho em progresso. As perdas por making-do referem-se à situação na qual uma tarefa começa ou continua sem ter disponíveis todos os itens necessários para sua conclusão. Há evidências de que as perdas por making-do estão também relacionadas com a falta de terminalidade das tarefas e com a execução de pacotes de trabalho informais. A literatura sugere que a integração entre os controles da produção e da qualidade é um meio de reduzir a incidência de pacotes informais e, consequentemente, as perdas por making-do. Para viabilizar o desenvolvimento de sistemas de controle que permitam coletar e processar dados sobre esses problemas de forma eficiente, é necessário explorar o uso da computação móvel, que oferece oportunidades de inovação em sistemas de controle. Assim, o objetivo principal deste estudo é desenvolver um modelo de controle integrado da produção e da qualidade, vinculado ao Sistema Last Planner, com o apoio da computação móvel. Foi realizado um estudo empírico em dois empreendimentos habitacionais de baixa renda, no qual o modelo proposto foi avaliado. A aplicação do modelo permitiu coletar dados relacionados à conclusão de pacotes de trabalho, execução de pacotes informais, falta de terminalidade das tarefas, perdas por making-do e verificação da qualidade.
Reviewing carbon spiraling approach to understand organic matter movement and transformation in lotic ecosystems
Authors: Lisboa Leonardo Kleba , Thomas Steven , Moulton Timothy Peter
Published: September 2016

Abstract: Aim Understanding riverine carbon cycling is a major issue for stream ecologists. Over the past 60 years, important advance in carbon dynamics and ecosystem energy flow have been made mainly through the Budget and Metabolism approaches. However, much less focus has been given to the quantification of longitudinal movement of organic matter. The concept “Organic Carbon Spiraling” (SOC) was formulated in the early 80s, and represented a substantial advance in the understanding of the longitudinal flow of elements in lotic systems. Methods In this review, we summarize the history behind the SOC concept, cover the major advances at the time of its creation, describe the operational variables and the equation for SOC calculation, and discuss future directions and current applications of this approach. Results/Conclusions We emphasize the need for integrating the C spiraling approach in other regions of the globe, given that measurements are almost exclusive of North America. Such comparative studies can elucidate important drivers of C export, storage and oxidation. Advance in dissolved organic carbon characterization, and improvements in heterotrophic respiration measurements are required to improve SOC accuracy, as well as realistic estimates of benthic stock. With the current interest in examining how lotic systems contribute to regional and global C budgets, we argue that SOC is an effective way to achieve this goal and answer classical questions in stream ecology.
Vibration Analysis and Optimal Design of Pneumatic Circuits Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Yildirim Şahin , Durmuşoğlu Asli
Published: September 2016

Pneumatic systems are commonly used in industry processes and applications of automotion. These systems are make attractive power transmission with the compressed air, because of they are economic, clear, safe and simple structured.So in this systems, as noise and vibration effects, it’ s undesirable situations both human health and system performances yield and working life. In this study, vibration and noise datas are obtained from two type of pneumatic systems prototype which are classify metal and non-metal materials and performed an analysis with help of this datas and used neural network which has adaptive and quick contruction.
LabView-based Modeling and Evaluation of Solar Photovoltaic Cells Energetic Efficiency
Authors: Szász Csaba , Páli Kis Dávid
Published: September 2016

As it is well known, an accurate knowledge of solar photovoltaic (PV) cell parameters from experimental data is of major importance for estimate their performances and to implement high energetic efficiency PV plants. In the last decade several solar cell models, respectively a high amount of software toolkits have been developed to evaluate their electrical behavior and performances. This paper is focused to introduce a LabView graphical programming language based solution to conveniently modeling, simulate, and evaluate solar PV cells energetic efficiency. By using their well known electrical equivalent circuits a fast and accurate PV simulator has been designed and implemented for research and energetic efficiency studies. The simulation models used has been validated through comparison of the obtained characteristics with the ones given by the manufacturers of PV panels. The computer-aided simulation results carried out are in a good agreement with the manufacturer’s catalogue data and the LabView-based program can serve as a very useful toolkit for engineers or researchers who require an accurate PV simulator and evaluate the performances of any photovoltaic module.
Atuação Fisioterapêutica no Transplante Hepático: Revisão Bibliográfica Narrativa e Integrativa
Authors: Prudente Geisyani Francisca Gomes , Pessoa Guilherme Da Silva , Ferreira Samya Rebeca Rocha , Nunesa Natália Paz , Bravo Lorena Guedes , Macena Raimunda Hermelinda Maia , Campos Maria Flávia Amâncio , Nogueira Andréa Da Nóbrega Cirino , De Vasconcelos Thiago Brasileiro
Published: September 2016

O transplante é uma intervenção terapêutica utilizada no tratamento de indivíduos com doenças terminais do fígado. Os pacientes candidatos ao
transplante geralmente já apresentam alteração da função hepática que, associada ao procedimento cirúrgico, pode provocar sérias modificações da funcionalidade, em especial as cardiorrespiratórias. A Fisioterapia tem papel importante no pré e pós-operatório de transplante de fígado, tendo em vista à preservação da funcionalidade e o retorno precoce as atividades laborais e pessoais. Este estudo realizou uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa e integrativa sobre a atuação fisioterapêutica no transplante hepático. Foi realizado um levantamento nas bases virtuais de dados eletrônicas, Bireme (MedLine e Lilacs), nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, utilizando como palavra-chave “transplante hepático”, utilizada de forma isolada ou em associação com o descritor “fisioterapia”. Foram encontrados 598 artigos. Somente 3 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Embora a Fisioterapia seja de extrema importância nos casos de transplante hepático, poucos são os estudos publicados relacionados ao tema, sugerindo a necessidade premente de mais pesquisas na área.
ESCRAVIDÃO E(M) QUADRINHOS: UM DIÁLOGO ENTRE A HISTORIOGRAFIA E A CULTURA HISTÓRICA DAS HQ’s * SLAVERY AND COMIC BOOKS: A DIALOGUE BETWEEN HISTORIOGRAPHY AND HISTORICAL CULTURE OF COMICS
Authors: Lima Hezrom Vieira Costa
Published: September 2016

Resumo: As Histórias em Quadrinhos (HQs) são meios de comunicação amplamente difundidos em nível nacional. Como todo e qualquer produto cultural, seus autores estão inseridos em sociedades que apresentam contradições e embates, os quais são reproduzidos em suas obras. Diante desse contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a cultura histórica na HQ “O quilombo Orum Aiê” de André Diniz, a partir dos pressupostos teóricos de Rüsen (2001) e Flores (2007), percebendo como as HQs, produções culturais que estão à parte do cânone historiográfico e da historiografia, repercutem as opções teóricas e metodológicas da “Nova História Social da Escravidão”, iniciada no Brasil após a década de 1980. Ademais, a análise foi realizada demonstrando de que forma a historiografia é refletida nas Histórias em Quadrinhos nacionais que abordam a temática da escravidão. Palavras-chave: Cultura Histórica. História em Quadrinhos. Historiografia. Escravidão. Abstract: The Comics Books (Comics) are media widey disseminated nationally. As any cultural product, its authors are embedded in societies with contradictions and conflicts, wich are reproduce in this Works. In this sense, this papper aims to analyze the historical culture in comics, from the theoretical assumptions of Rüsen (2001) and Flores (2007), echo theoretical and methodological options of the New Social History of Slavery, started in Brazil after the 1980s the analysis was perfomed demonstrating how historiography is reflected in the sotires in national comics thad adress the issue of slavery.Keywords: Historical Culture. Comics Books. Historiography. Slavery.
PENGEMBANGAN PERKULIAHAN BERBASIS TIK GeneTIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEBERMAKNAAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA BIOLOGI
Authors: Riandi Mr , Rustaman Nuryani , Santoso Oerip S , Liliasari Ms
Published: September 2016

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengembangan sistem perkuliahan berbasis TIK untuk meningkatkan kebermaknaan belajar mahasaiswa biologi. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental terhadap 80 orang mahasiswa calon guru biologi peserta kuliah genetika yang dicuplik secara acak dari total mahasiswa 156 orang. Untuk keperluan tersebut sampel penelitian dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol dengan jumlah mahasiswa untuk masing-masing kelompok 40 orang. Kelompok eksperimen mengikuti perkuliahan genetika melalui sistem perkuliahan berbais TIK (GeneTIK) sedangkan kelompok kontrol mengikuti perkuliahan tatap muka reguler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para mahasiswa yang mengikuti perkuliahan melalui GeneTIK belajarnya lebih baik dibandingkan dengan yang mengikuti perkuliahan secara regular. GeneTIK juga dapat meningkatkan kebermaknaan belajar mahasiswa berdasarkan perhitungan rata-rata N-gain 0,3218 (±0,21) untuk kelompok eksperimen dan 0,2385 (±0,16) untuk kelompok kontrol.Kata kunci: Genetika, GeneTIK, Kebermaknaan belajar
PENGARUH TEMPERATUR ANNEALING TERHADAP STRUKTUR MIKRO, SIFAT LISTRIK DAN SIFAT OPTIK DARI FILM TIPIS OKSIDA KONDUKTIF TRANSPARAN ZnO:Al YANG DIBUAT DENGAN TEKNIK SCREEN PRINTING
Authors: Sinaga P
Published: September 2016

Film tipis ZnO:Al transparan telah dibuat dengan menumbuhkannya di atas substrat dari kaca mikroskop dengan menggunakan metode sol gel teknik screen printing. Partikel ZnO:Al dibuat dengan cara mencampurkan ZnAc dengan Aluminium nitrat nanohidrat ( Al/Zn = 1.0x10-2) dalam larutan etanol dan dietilen glikol (etanol/DEG = 1/3). Pasta ZnO:Al yang terbentuk dicetakkan pada substrat kaca dan masing masing di anealing pada temperatur 300 hingga 600oC. Hasil karakterisasi XRD mengindikasikan struktur kristal wurtzite ZnO dengan parameter kisi a = 3,249953 Å dan c = 5,241091 Å. Hasil pemotretan SEM memperlihatkan film oksida konduktif transparan ZnO:Al yang terbentuk memiliki struktur morfologi permukaan butiran dan berpori, dimana semakin tinggi temperatur anealing semakin besar ukuran butir. Hasil pengukuran four-point probe menunjukan bahwa resistivitas film ZnO:Al minimum ialah 0,87 Ω·cm untuk film yang dibakar pada temperatur anealing 500 ºC. Hasil pengukuran spektroskopi UV-Vis memperlihatkan semua sampel ZnO:Al memiliki transmitansi cahaya yang tinggi yaitu antara 70-90 %.Kata kunci: AZO, Oksida Konduktif Transparan, ZnO:Al, Screen Printing, Sifat Listrik, Sifat Optik.
PENGARUH BUTIR SOAL DALAM FORMAT ANIMASI TERHADAP HASIL TES PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PEMBIASAN CAHAYA
Authors: Suhandi Andi , Nur Muhamad
Published: September 2016

This study investigates the effect of computer animation on assessment of conceptual understanding in refraction phenomena. An instrument was developed by replacing static pictures and descriptions of ray motion on refraction phenomena with computer animations, a commonly used pencil and paper test. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The animated and static versions of the test were given to students and the results were statistically analyzed. The questionnaire was also conducted to provide the student responses about using of animated version test on assessment of conceptual understanding in refraction phenomena. The results suggest that the use of the animation version of the test can be improving score of the conceptual understanding test in refraction phenomena. In general, students had a better understanding of the intent of the question when viewing an animation and gave an answer that was more indicative of their actual understanding, as reflected in the response of the questionnaire.Keywords: animation version test, conceptual understanding test, refraction phenomena
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN BERBASIS KELAS PADA PEMBELAJARAN HIDROKARBON
Authors: Mahadaniar Atih Geana , Siswaningsinh Wiwi , Nahadi Dr.
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen penilaian kelas pada pembelajaran hidrokarbon. Instrumen yang dikembangkan terdiri dari pengamatan kinerja 13 indikator kinerja, laporan diri sebanyak 32 poin pernyataan dan tes tertulis 15 tes pilihan ganda butir dasar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan untuk memperoleh produk dalam bentuk instrumen penilaian kelas yang memiliki kualitas baik dilihat dari validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen serta analisis subjek tes untuk instrumen tes tertulis. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, hasil akhir dari instrumen yang telah dikembangkan sebagai instrumen yang memenuhi kriteria baik mengenai validitas teoritis dan empiris dan keandalan yang tinggi pula. Untuk menguji instrumen selain validitas dan reliabilitas juga dilihat dari analisis subjek tes yang menunjukkan instrumen tes tertulis memenuhi syarat sebagai instrumen yang baik. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berguna bagi para guru, dengan harapan instrumen yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen dalam pelaksanaan penilaian kelas pada pembelajaran hidrokarbon dan digunakan sebagai model untuk mengembangkan instrumen sejenis untuk kegiatan belajar yang berbeda.Kata Kunci: asesmen kelas, instrumen
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF UNTUK MEMFASILITASI BELAJAR MANDIRI MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH KAPITA SELEKTA MATEMATIKA
Authors: Wardani Sri , Mudzalipah Ipah , Hidayat Edi
Published: September 2016

Kemampuan pemahaman dan pemecahan masalah matematik merupakan kemampuan mahasiswa yang perlu dikembangkan di program studi pendidikan matematika. Kemampuan ini termasuk kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi yang perlu digali agar mahasiswa mampu berpikir secara rasional, logis, sistematis, kritis dan kreatif. Aplikasi multimedia pembelajaran matematika dapat menyajikan konsep dan keterampilan tingkat tinggi dalam matematika, yang memiliki keterkaitan antara satu unsur dan unsur lainnya yang sulit diajarkan dan dipelajari melalui buku semata. Kelebihan aplikasi multimedia interaktif matematika adalah dalam menjelaskan suatu konsep dapat menuntut mahasiswa bereksplorasi dan menganalisis, mencoba dan menggali konsep serta prinsip yang termuat dalam suatu materi yang dihadapinya,  sehingga dapat membangun struktur pemahamannya. Hal ini dapat terjadi dari terintegrasinya komponen-komponen seperti suara, teks, animasi, gambar/grafik, dan video yang berfungsi untuk mengoptimalkan peran indera dalam menerima informasi ke dalam sistem memori. Saat mahasiswa mengaplikasikan program ini ia diajak untuk terlibat secara auditif, visual dan kinetik sehingga dengan pelibatan ini, informasi atau pesannya mudah dimengerti. Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif dapat memfasilitasi mahasiswa untuk belajar mandiri dalam mengembangkan kemampuan pemahaman dan pemecahan masalah matematiknya.Kata Kunci:  kemampuan pemahaman matematik, kemandirian belajar, pembelajaran multimedia interaktif, pemecahan masalah matematik
Pengaiaran MIPA di sekolah Dasar dan Menengah Menyong$onE Kemaiuan IPTEK di Masa Depan: $ebuah Sumbangan Pemikiran
Authors: Djojonegoro Mr Wardiman
Published: September 2016

Pendidikan MIPA perlu mendapat penekanan dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan dasar danmenengah di masa depan. Orientasipendidikan MlPAdalam era industrialisasidan globalisasiseyogyanya pada diarahkan pembekalan anak didik dengan pengetahuan dan ketrampilandasar yang diperlukan untuk menguasai teknnologi serta pengembangan kemampuan berfikirlogis, kritis, inovatif, dan berinisiatif, sebagaitolok ukur kualitas sumber daya manusia dalamera itu. Pendidikan MIPA perlu turut serta pula dalam sosialisasi kebiasaan kompetitif danmengutamakan kualitas melalui penciptaan suasana pendidikan yang menghargai keunggulandan kontrol kualitas hasil pendidikan
DASAR-DASAR FILOSOFIS PENDIDIKAN SAINS
Authors: Dahar Ratna Wilis
Published: September 2016

Tulisan ini membahqs masalah observasi dan konsep siswa aktif. Observasi dipengaruhi oleh pengakaman, pengetahuan, dan harapan si pengamata; karena itu kemampuan observasi ini tidak mudah dilatihkan. Belajar aktif perlu dikembangkan pada siswa pendidikan dasar dan menengah dengan bantuan guru. Belajar aktif perlu dikembangkan memberikan siswa kesempatan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir melalui kegiatan-kegiatan yang melibatkan keterampilan proses. Dipertahanyakan peranan lKlP dalam membantu guru agar memahami dan menjadi terbiasa dengan belajar aktif secara mental.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SIKLUS BELAJAR DESKRIPTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP DAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMK PADA MATERI IKATAN KIMIA
Authors: Mulyasih Suhaeti Sri
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to get information about the effectiveness of using descriptive learning cycle instructional model to improve students’ understanding and critical thinking skills related to chemical bonding concept in one of vocational high schools (SMK) in Sumedang. Indicators for conceptual understanding consisted of six categories, while indicators of critical thinking skills were four indicators. The method used was quasi-experimental research design nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. Instrument used was essay test. T test results showed that based on the average value of n-gain, difference in overall students' conceptual understanding in experimental class and control class was significant (p = 0.00 p <0.05), and critical thinking skills significantly  developed by descriptive learning model cycle was to identify conclusions (p = 0.004 p <0.05).Keywords: critical thinking skills, concepts of chemical bonding, descriptive learning model, understanding conceptsABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai penggunaan model pembelajaran siklus belajar deskriptif dalam upaya meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dan berpikir kritis siswa di salah satu SMK di Kabupaten Sumedang pada konsep ikatan kimia. Indikator pemahaman konsep yang diselidiki terdiri dari enam kategori, sedangkan indikator keterampilan berpikir kritis yang diselidiki berjumlah empat indikator. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa soal tes berbentuk esai. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai rata-rata n-gain, perbedaan pemahaman konsep siswa antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol secara keseluruhan berbeda signifikan (p= 0,00  p< 0,05), dan keterampilan berpikir kritis yang paling dapat dikembangkan secara signifikan melalui model pembelajaran siklus belajar deskriptif adalah mengidentifikasi kesimpulan (p= 0,004 p< 0,05).Kata kunci: model pembelajaran deskriptif, pemahaman konsep, keterampilan berpikir kritis, konsep ikatan kimia
MENINGKATKAN DAYA TANGGAP DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA SMP DI KELAS KHUSUS OLAH RAGA MELALUI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ANIMASI
Authors: Kurniasih Tjitjih , Haryani Mrs. , Ciptowati Endang
Published: September 2016

This research aimed to increase students’ response towards science learning and science learning outcome in sport class using animation learning media. Through this research, it was expected that students’ response during teaching and learning activities would increased and students’ will be interested in doing these activities so that it will increase their science learning outcome. This research was three cycles-class action research in which every cycles consists of four stages. Research subjects was 36, 8th grader students (sports class) in one of junior high school in Bogor. Research instruments were students’ responsiveness evaluation sheet, learning activities observation sheet, and learning results instrument (postest question). The collected data were analyzed its average. In first cycle, learning outcome was 42% whereas students’ responsiveness was 56% (low). In cycle 2, learning outcome and students’ responsiveness were increased to 72% and 68%, respectively. In cycle 3, clasical completedness of 88% for learning outcome and 93% for students’ responsiveness (beyond clasical completedness standard) were achieved. Results suggested that animation learning media may increased students’ responsiveness and learning outcome of science subjects in sports class.Keywords: students’ responsiveness, science learning outcome, sport class, animation learning media.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan daya tanggap siswa dan hasil belajar IPA di kelas khusus olah raga dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran animasi. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan bahwa tanggapan siswa selama Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar akan meningkat dan kegiatan belajar IPA menjadi menyenangkan sehingga akhirnya dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas tiga siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap. Subjek penelitian adalah 36 siswa kelas VIII (kelas khusus olahraga) di salah satu SMP Negeri di Bogor. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi daya tanggap siswa selama KBM, lembar observasi kegiatan pembelajaran, dan instrumen hasil belajar (soal postes). Data yang dihasilkan kemudian dianalisis nilai rata-ratanya. Pada siklus pertama hasil belajar mencapai 42% dan daya tanggap siswa terhadap aktivitas guru dalam KBM hanya 56% (kurang). Pada siklus 2 hasil belajar mencapai 72% dan daya tanggap siswa terhadap aktivitas guru dalam KBM naik menjadi 68%. Pada siklus 3 hasil belajar IPA kelas khusus olahraga akhirnya mencapai ketuntasan klasikal 88% dan daya tanggap terhadap aktivitas guru dalam KBM mencapai 93% (melampaui standar ketuntasan klasikal). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa  media pembelajaran animasi dapat meningkatkan daya tanggap dan hasil belajar IPA kelas khusus olahraga.Kata kunci: daya tanggap siswa, Hasil belajar IPA, Kelas Khusus Olah Raga, Media Pembelajaran Animasi.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN METAKOGNITIF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA KONSEP SISTEM PENCERNAAN PADA MANUSIA
Authors: Khoiriah Tuti
Published: September 2016

This study aims to determine the effect of metacognitive learning strategies on student learning outcomes in the concept of the human digestive system. This study was conducted in one of the SMA in Tangerang. The method used was a quasi-experimental design using pretest-posttest control group design. Samples were students of class XI IPA-4 totaling 35 people as classroom control and class XI IPA-1 experiment class. Instruments used were multiple choice tests, students worksheets and student learning activity observation sheet. Results showed that there were significant differences in learning outcomes between classes to learn metacognitive strategies to control class (tvalue= 2.19 and t table 2.03, tvalue> ttabel.)Keywords: Human Digestive System, Learning Result , Metacognitive Learning StrategyABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi belajar metakognitif terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada konsep sistem pencernaan pada manusia. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2015 di salah satu Sekolah Menengah Atas di  Tangerang. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen yang menggunakan desain pretest-posttest control group design. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik random sampling. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 4 berjumlah 35 orang sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas XI IPA 1 berjumlah 35 orang sebagai kelas eksperimen. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes yang berbentuk pilihan ganda dan nontes berupa lembar kerja siswa dan lembar observasi aktivitas belajar siswa. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara kelas dengan strategi belajar metakognitif dengan kelas kontrol (thitung 2,19 dan ttabel 2,03, thitung > ttabel.)Kata kunci: Hasil belajar, Sistem Pencernaan pada Manusia, Strategi belajar metakognitif
HEAT DIFFUSION IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL MEDIA CONTAINING SMALL-SCALL CRACK
Authors: Kusnandi Mr
Published: September 2016

Dalam artikel ini, kita mempelajari difusi panas dalam media berdimensi dua yang memuat crack. Ada dua jenis crack yang kita pandang, crack lentur dan crack keras. Kedua jenis crack itu dibedakan oleh syarat batas dari persamaan difusi. Dengan menggunakan metode dari Muijres, kita dapat menentukan temperatur di luar crack yang dinyatakan dalam fungsi Green dari persamaan difusi dan temperatur incident pada crack. Key words:  crack, diffusion, incident field, scattered field
KONSEPSI CALON GURU BIOLOGI TENTANG IPA, BELAJAR, DAN MENGAJAR (CONCEPTION OF BIOLOGY STUDENT TEACHERS’ ABOUT SCIENCE, LEARNING, AND TEACHING)
Authors: Rustaman Nuryani Y , Widodo Ari
Published: September 2016

A study for one semester in Teaching learning strategy course was carried out to get the profile of biology student teachers conception about science, learning, and science teaching, as we know that constructivist paradigm in education is not just studied as a theory, but needs to be implemented in real teaching learning processes. A number of Biology education students (n =29) were involved as subjects. Their free essay were used as source and were organized through coding and then recoding using specific program (NUD.IST). It was found that there are five categories for their conception about science (i.e. study about nature, collection of knowledge or concepts, research method, the single truth, to worship their Creator); five categories their conception about learning (i.e. changing process, knowledge improvement, conceptual change, thinking process, interaction with environment); and three catagories for their conception about  science teaching (i.e. as fasilitating, knowledge transfer, interaction between teacher and students). Most of biology students have more than one conception (two or three), but none of them has a complete conception about science, learning and science teaching.  Biology student teachers conception about teaching (mostly as knowledge transfer) is paralel with their conception about science (mostly as study about nature) and about learning (mostly as knowledge improvement).  These findings give implication to their supervisor to pay attention more seriously on the students conception abot science, learning, and teaching. Because the way they teach will be influenced by their conception about those things. One suggestion to handle is by giving the student teachers to express their opinion about those things so that they are aware to other conceptions and in turn they will be aware to accept (and apply) conception based on constructivist reference or paradigm.Keywords:  conception, student teacher, science, learning, teaching.
SINTESIS 7-FORMILINDOL SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR PEMBENTUK KATALIS EPOKSIDASI BARU (SYNTHESIS OF 7-FORMYLINDOLE AS PRECURSOR OF NEW EPOXIDATION CATALYSTS)
Authors: Sholihin H Hayat
Published: September 2016

Manganese (III) salen complexes have been reported as epoxidation catalysts. It is caused a major breakthrough in the enantioselective epoxidation of alkenes into epoxide compounds. This catalyst was synthesized from salicylaldehyde derivatives. Based on the structure, salicylaldehyde is an isosteric nature of 7-folmylindole, consequently opened the door to an array of fascinating and versatile ligand systems, and offer tremendous scope for molecular designe, because of the greatly enhanced capacity for substitution of indoles compared with phenols. Initial target of the project to synthesize of 7-formylindole. There are numerous strategies and methodes to achieve the target molecules. Further study of reaction mechanism of a useful target compound could be explanated and developed as a new class of catalyst. Key word: Epoxidation catalyst, indole, organometal catalyst.
METODE KONSTRUKSI UNTUK MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH TATA LETAK FASILITAS
Authors: Kusumah Yaya S.
Published: September 2016

The facility layout design problem is concerned with determining the location of a number of facilities which optimises a prescribed objective such as profit, cost, or distance. This problem arises in many applications; for example, in design of buildings and in plant layout design. Most approaches for solving this problem are heuristic in nature and based on graph theoretic concepts. Graph theoretically, when the objective is to maximize profit, the facility layout design problem is to determine, in a given edge weighted graph G, a maximum weight planar sub graph. In this paper, a new heuristic based on graph theoretic concepts is presented. A comparative analysis based on 3600 random test problems demonstrates the value of this algorithm. Key words:  Heuristic, maximum planar graph, computer, facility layout design.