bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the latency for 5G/B5G based smart healthcare connectivity in rural area
Authors: Kumar Arun , Gaur Nishant , Nanthaamornphong Aziz
Published: March 2024

Smart hospitals are poised to greatly enhance life quality by offering persistent health monitoring capabilities. Remote healthcare and surgery, which are highly dependent on low latency, have seen a transformative improvement with the advent of 5G technology. This has facilitated a new breed of healthcare services, including monitoring and remote surgical procedures. The enhanced features of 5G, such as Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), have enabled the development of advanced healthcare systems. These systems reduce the need for direct patient contact in hospitals, which is especially pertinent as 5G becomes more widespread. This research presents novel hybrid detection algorithms, specifically QR decomposition with M-algorithm maximum likelihood-minimum mean square error (QRM-MLD-MMSE) and QRM-MLD-ZF (zero forcing), for use in Massive MIMO (M-MIMO) technology. These methods aim to decrease the latency in MIMO-based Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) waveforms while ensuring optimal bit error rate (BER) performance. We conducted simulations to evaluate parameters like BER and power spectral density (PSD) over Rician and Rayleigh channels using both the proposed hybrid and standard algorithms. The study concludes that our hybrid algorithms significantly enhance BER and PSD with lower complexity, marking a substantial improvement in 5G communication for smart healthcare applications.
The effect of gender on emotional reactions and perceptions when individuals meet themselves in immersive virtual reality
Authors: Kleinlogel Emmanuelle P. , Schmid Mast Marianne , Renier Laetitia A.
Published: March 2024

Immersive virtual reality-based training and research are becoming more and more popular and are in continuous development. For instance, it is now possible to be trained by one’s virtual self (i.e., doppelganger), meaning that a trainee can participate in a training program in which the trainer resembles the trainee. While past research involving doppelgangers showed promising results, findings revealed gender effects such that doppelganger-based training seems to be beneficial only for male trainees. In the present research, we contribute to this literature by investigating the emotional reactions and perceptions that people have when they meet a virtual human in immersive virtual reality. Specifically, we assess the extent to which the appearance of the virtual human (doppelganger vs. unknown avatar) and an individual’s gender influence these reactions and perceptions. We found that males felt more positive emotions toward their doppelganger than toward the unknown avatar and that females perceived their doppelganger as less competent and warm than the unknown avatar. Our findings have important practical implications in terms of virtual reality-based training and research design such that the use of a doppelganger (unknown avatar) might be recommended in a training program or research setting involving men (women).
Synergistic effect of boreal autumn SST over the tropical and South Pacific and winter NAO on winter precipitation in the southern Europe
Authors: Tang Xinxin , Li Jianping
Published: March 2024

We find a positive phase of meridional tripole pattern of boreal autumn sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical and South Pacific (TSPT+ ) has a synergistic effect with winter negative NAO (NAO−) on the amplitude and occurrence of winter precipitation in southern Europe (SEWP). This synergistic effect is attributed to the linear superposition and nonlinear effect of winter NAO− and preceding autumn TSPT+ . The autumn TSPT+ can persist into winter, and the winter TSPT+ with NAO− can stimulate a greater amount of Rossby wave energy propagating to the North Atlantic-Europe (NAE) region than without NAO−, and thereby synergistically regulating circulation with winter NAO−. Thus, winter NAO− and autumn TSPT+ have a synergistic effect on the northwest-southeast trending positive-negative-positive winter circulation over the NAE region. Driven by the intensified mean circulation, water vapor transports and storm activity over southern Europe are evidently strong, which is in favor of SEWP formation.
Single-cell and spatial analyses revealed the co-location of cancer stem cells and SPP1+ macrophage in hypoxic region that determines the poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fan Guangyu , Xie Tongji , Li Lin , Tang Le , Han Xiaohong , Shi Yuankai
Published: March 2024

In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), classical cancer stem cells (CSC) markers were shared by normal stem cells, targeting which may hinder hepatic regeneration and cause liver failure. Additionally, the spatial structure of CSC still remained elusive. To address these limitations, we undertook a comprehensive study combining single-cell data (56,022 cells from 20 samples) and spatial data (38,191 spots from eight samples) to obtain CSC signature and uncover its spatial structure. Utilizing the CytoTRACE algorithm, we discretely identified CSC, which displayed upregulated proliferation pathways regulated by HIF1A. A CSC signature of 107 genes was then developed using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). Notably, HCC patients with high CSC levels exhibited an accumulation of SPP1+ macrophages (Macro_SPP1) expressing metalloproteinases (MMP9, MMP12, and MMP7) regulated by HIF1A, suggesting a hypoxic tumor region connecting Macro_SPP1 and CSC. Both CSC and Macro_SPP1 correlated with worse prognosis and undesirable immunotherapy response. Spatial analysis revealed the co-location of CSC and Macro_SPP1, with CD8 T cells excluded from the tumor region. The co-location area and non-tumor area of boundary exhibited a high level of hypoxia, with the HAVRC2 checkpoint highly expressed. Within the co-location area, the SPP1 signaling pathway was most active in cell-cell communication, with SPP1-CD44 and SPP1-ITGA/ITGB identified as the main ligand-receptor pairs. This study successfully constructed a CSC signature and demonstrated the co-location of CSC and Macro_SPP1 in a hypoxic region that exacerbates the tumor microenvironment in HCC.
Targeting TYK2 alleviates Rab27A-induced malignant progression of non-small cell lung cancer via disrupting IFNα-TYK2-STAT-HSPA5 axis
Authors: Zeng Yuanyuan , Zhao Jian , Wu Zhengyan , Huang Yongkang , Wang Anqi , Zhu Jianjie , Xu Mengmeng , Zhang Weijie , Zhang Xiaohui , Li Jianjun , Huang Jian-an , Liu Zeyi
Published: March 2024

Rab27A is a small GTPase-mediating exosome secretion, which participates in tumorigenesis of multiple cancer types. Understanding the biological role of Rab27A in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is of great importance for oncological research and clinical treatment. In this study, we investigate the function and internal mechanism of Rab27A in NSCLC. Results show that Rab27A is overexpressed in NSCLC, and regulates the tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell motility in vitro and in vivo, and is negatively regulated by miR-124. Further research reveals that upregulated Rab27A can induce the production of IFNα in the medium by mediating exosome secretion. Then IFNα activates TYK2/STAT/HSPA5 signaling to promote NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis. This process can be suppressed by TYK2 inhibitor Cerdulatinib. These results suggest that Rab27A is involved in the pathogenesis of NSCLC by regulating exosome secretion and downstream signaling, and inhibitors targeting this axis may become a promising strategy in future clinical practice.
Force and kinetics of fast and slow muscle myosin determined with a synthetic sarcomere–like nanomachine
Authors: Buonfiglio Valentina , Pertici Irene , Marcello Matteo , Morotti Ilaria , Caremani Marco , Reconditi Massimo , Linari Marco , Fanelli Duccio , Lombardi Vincenzo , Bianco Pasquale
Published: March 2024

Myosin II is the muscle molecular motor that works in two bipolar arrays in each thick filament of the striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle, converting the chemical energy into steady force and shortening by cyclic ATP–driven interactions with the nearby actin filaments. Different isoforms of the myosin motor in the skeletal muscles account for the different functional requirements of the slow muscles (primarily responsible for the posture) and fast muscles (responsible for voluntary movements). To clarify the molecular basis of the differences, here the isoform–dependent mechanokinetic parameters underpinning the force of slow and fast muscles are defined with a unidimensional synthetic nanomachine powered by pure myosin isoforms from either slow or fast rabbit skeletal muscle. Data fitting with a stochastic model provides a self–consistent estimate of all the mechanokinetic properties of the motor ensemble including the motor force, the fraction of actin–attached motors and the rate of transition through the attachment–detachment cycle. The achievements in this paper set the stage for any future study on the emergent mechanokinetic properties of an ensemble of myosin molecules either engineered or purified from mutant animal models or human biopsies.
Laboratory evidence of confinement and acceleration of wide-angle flows by toroidal magnetic fields
Authors: Lei Z. , Li L. X. , Zhao Z. H. , Sun W. , An H. H. , Yuan D. W. , Xie Y. , Yuan W. Q. , He S. K. , Cheng L. , Zhang Z. , Zhong J. Y. , Wang W. , Zhu B. Q. , Zhou W. M. , Zhou C. T. , Zhu S. P. , Zhu J. Q. , He X. T. , Qiao B.
Published: March 2024

Astrophysical jets play crucial roles in star formation and transporting angular momentum away from accretion discs, however, their collimation mechanism is still a subject of much debate due to the limitations of astronomical observational techniques and facilities. Here, a quasi-static toroidal magnetic field is generated through the interaction between lasers and a four-post nickel target, and our all-optical laboratory experiments reveal that a wide-angle plasma plume can be collimated in the presence of toroidal magnetic fields. Besides the confinement effects, the experiments show the jet can also be accelerated by the enhanced thermal pressure due to the toroidal magnetic fields compressing the flow. These findings are verified by radiation magneto-hydrodynamic simulations. The experimental results suggest certain astrophysical narrow plasma flows may be produced by the confinement of wide-angle winds through toroidal fields.
Triclinic La7Zn2P11 with P3−, P24−, and P35− units: a combined study by 31P solid-state NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction
Authors: Kösters Jutta , Benndorf Christopher , Uesbeck Tobias , Wiegand Thomas , Eckert Hellmut , Lincke Hannes , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: March 2024

The lanthanum-rich phosphide La7Zn2P11 is an electron precise Zintl phase (7La3+)21+(2Zn2+)4+(4P3−)12−(2P24−)8−(P35−) with isolated P3− phosphide anions, P24− dumb-bells and P35− units.
Enhancement of hydrogen production via methanol steam reforming using a Ni-based catalyst supported by spongy mesoporous alumina
Authors: Hu Bin , Shu Riyang , Tian Zhipeng , Wang Chao , Chen Ying , Xu Ying
Published: March 2024

This work proposes a novel and stable Ni-based catalyst supported by spongy mesoporous alumina and has achieved an enhancement of hydrogen production.
Photochemical selective difluoroalkylation reactions of bicyclobutanes: direct sustainable pathways to functionalized bioisosteres for drug discovery
Authors: Duan Yunxin , Xu Yerong , Li Yunzhe , Mao Lin , Feng Jianquan , Zhang Ruyue , Tang Weifang , Lu Tao , Chen Yadong , Feng Jie
Published: March 2024

Photochemical solvent-controlled difluoromethylation and bromo-difluoromethylation reactions of bicyclobutanes are described. The method provides efficient pathways to obtain difluoroalkyl functionalized bioisosteres for drug discovery.
Organocatalyzed double dearomatization reaction of non-functionalized phenols and propargylic alcohols: the important regulating effect of steric hindrance
Authors: Liu Xihong , Zhu Boyan , Zhou Panpan , Zhang Jingying , Chu Anqi , Wang Rui
Published: March 2024

Steric hindrance-regulated double dearomatization reaction of non-functionalized phenols and propargylic alcohols for the efficient synthesis of polycyclic diketones is reported.
Engineering lauric acid-based nanodrug delivery systems for restoring chemosensitivity and improving biocompatibility of 5-FU and OxPt against Fn-associated colorectal tumor
Authors: Su Meihui , Wen Xin , Yu Yunjian , Li Na , Li Xiaohui , Qu Xiongwei , Elsabahy Mahmoud , Gao Hui
Published: March 2024

The tailored nanomedicine 5-FU-LA@PPL could selectively combat Fn, inhibit autophagy in CRC cells, restore chemosensitivity of 5-FU as well as OxPt, and consequently enhance the combination chemotherapy effects for Fn-associated drug-resistant CRC.
Tea helps neuromorphic computing: flexible memristors from tea polyphenols
Authors: Zhang Wei-Ning , Li Xiang-Yang , Zhang Zhe , Sun Wen-Jing , Zhang Hao-Li
Published: March 2024

A diffusive memristor from tea polyphenols.
Study on thermal cycling ageing resistance of performances of polypropylene/elastomer/boron nitride nanocomposites for high voltage direct current cable insulation
Authors: Li Jing , Gao Yu , Song Zheng , Liu Baixin , Guo Chenyi , Chen Yu , Gao Junguo , Du Boxue
Published: March 2024

The influences of thermal cycling ageing on structures and insulation performances of polypropylene (PP)/elastomer/boron nitride (BN) nanocomposites are investigated. The Melt blending method was used to prepare the nanocomposites, in which propylene‐based elastomer (PBE) or ethylene‐octene copolymer elastomer (EOC) was contained for comparison. Then, the samples were treated using a thermal cycling process with a temperature range from −30 to 150°C, and the number of thermal cycles was set from 0 to 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction measurements were taken to facilitate the comprehension of structural changes. Additionally, measurements were taken to assess the trap distribution and direct current (DC) breakdown strength of the samples. The obtained results revealed that following thermal cycling ageing, the morphology and crystallinity of PP/PBE/BN remained almost unchanged. In contrast, PP/EOC/BN exhibited substantial microstructural damage accompanied by a significant reduction in crystallinity. As the number of thermal cycles increased, the trap level and DC breakdown strength of PP/PBE/BN were maintained at high levels, while those of PP/EOC/BN initially remained stable but then experienced a sharp decline. It is suggested that the addition of BN nanoparticles enhances the thermal cycling ageing resistance of the PP/PBE blend, whereas it weakens this resistance of the PP/EOC blend.
AFCN: An attention‐directed feature‐fusion ConvNeXt network for low‐voltage apparatus assembly quality inspection
Authors: Guo Haorui , Bao Yicheng , Hu Songyu , Luan Congcong , Fu Jianzhong , Li Li , Zhang Yinglin , Sun Yongle , Nie Zongjun
Published: March 2024

In the production of low‐voltage apparatus, assembly quality inspection is of great relevance for ensuring the final quality of the entire product. With the continuous improvement of production efficiency and people's requirements for production quality, traditional manual inspection methods can no longer meet the quality inspection requirements. In this paper, an Attention‐guided Feature‐fusion ConvNeXt Network (AFCN) for the automated visual inspection is proposed. By embedding the attention mechanism of the Coordinate Attention block into the residual channel of the ConvNeXt block, the position‐aware information and features of the low‐voltage apparatus images can be effectively captured to locate the quality problems. Then, an improved attention feature fusion module is adopted to merge the output features at different stages, which introduces a 3D non‐parameter attention SimAM block and adapts output accordingly. Therefore, this model can capture the key information of the feature map in a coordinated way in terms of channel and position, fully integrating multiscale features and obtaining contour texture information and semantic information of the low‐voltage apparatus. Experiments show the proposed approach can effectively classify defective and normal products.
Non-linear three-mode coupling of gravity modes in rotating slowly pulsating B stars
Authors: Van Beeck J. , Van Hoolst T. , Aerts C. , Fuller J.
Published: March 2024

Context.Slowly pulsating B (SPB) stars display multi-periodic variability in the gravito-inertial mode regime with indications of non-linear resonances between modes. Several have undergone asteroseismic modeling in the past few years to infer their internal properties, but only in a linear setting. These stars rotate fast, so that rotation is typically included in the modeling by means of the traditional approximation of rotation (TAR).

Aims.We aim to extend the set of tools available for asteroseismology, by describing time-independent (stationary) resonant non-linear coupling among three gravito-inertial modes within the TAR. Such coupling offers the opportunity to use mode amplitude ratios in the asteroseismic modeling process, instead of only relying on frequencies of linear eigenmodes, as has been done so far.

Methods.Following observational detections, we derive expressions for the resonant stationary non-linear coupling between three gravito-inertial modes in rotating stars. We assess selection rules and stability domains for stationary solutions. We also predict non-linear frequencies and amplitude ratio observables that can be compared with their observed counterparts.

Results.The non-linear frequency shifts of stationary couplings are negligible compared to typical frequency errors derived from observations. The theoretically predicted amplitude ratios of combination frequencies match with some of their observational counterparts in the SPB targets. Other, unexplained observed ratios could be linked to other saturation mechanisms, to interactions between different modes, or to different opacity gradients in the driving zone.

Conclusions.For the purpose of asteroseismic modeling, our non-linear mode coupling formalism can explain some of the stationary amplitude ratios of observed resonant mode couplings in single SPB stars monitored during 4 years by theKeplerspace telescope.
Great Balls of FIRE
Authors: Bruel T. , Rodriguez C. L. , Lamberts A. , Grudić M. Y. , Hafen Z. , Feldmann R.
Published: March 2024

Context. Despite the nearly hundred gravitational-wave detections reported by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration, the question of the cosmological origin of merging binary black holes (BBHs) remains open. The two main formation channels generally considered are from isolated field binaries or via dynamical assembly in dense star clusters.

Aims. Here we focus on understanding the dynamical formation of merging BBHs within massive clusters in galaxies of different masses.

Methods. To this end, we applied a new framework to consistently model the formation and evolution of massive star clusters in zoom-in cosmological simulations of galaxies. Each simulation, taken from the FIRE project, provides a realistic star formation environment, with a unique star formation history, that hosts realistic giant molecular clouds that constitute the birthplace of star clusters. Combined with the code for star cluster evolution CMC, we are able to produce populations of dynamically formed merging BBHs across cosmic time in different environments.

Results. As the most massive star clusters preferentially form in dense massive clouds of gas, we find that, despite their low metallicities favouring the creation of black holes, low-mass galaxies contain few massive clusters and therefore make a limited contribution to the global production of dynamically formed merging BBHs. Furthermore, we find that massive clusters can host hierarchical BBH mergers with clear, identifiable physical properties. Looking at the evolution of the BBH merger rate in different galaxies, we find strong correlations between BBH mergers and the most extreme episodes of star formation. Finally, we discuss the implications for future LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA gravitational wave observations.
The dispersion of the Ep, i–Liso correlation of long gamma-ray bursts is partially due to assembling different sources
Authors: Maistrello M. , Maccary R. , Guidorzi C. , Amati L.
Published: March 2024

Context. Long gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission shows a correlation between the intrinsic peak energy, Ep, i, of the time-average νFν spectrum and the isotropic-equivalent peak gamma-ray luminosity, Lp, iso, as well as the total released energy, Eiso. The same correlation is found within individual bursts, when time-resolved Ep, i and Liso are considered. These correlations are characterised by an intrinsic dispersion, whose origin is still unknown. Discovering the origin of the correlation and of its dispersion would shed light on the still poorly understood prompt emission and would propel GRBs to powerful standard candles.

Aims. We studied the dispersion of both isotropic-equivalent and collimation-corrected time-resolved correlations. We also investigated whether the intrinsic dispersion computed within individual GRBs is different from that obtained including different bursts into a unique sample. We then searched for correlations between key features, such as the Lorentz factor and jet opening angle, and intrinsic dispersion, when the latter is treated as one of the characterising properties.

Methods. We performed a time-resolved spectral analysis of 20 long type-II or collapsar-candidate GRBs detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor with a known redshift and estimates of the jet opening angle and/or the Lorentz factor. Time intervals were determined using Bayesian blocks. Then we carried out a statistical analysis starting from distributions of simulated values of the intrinsic dispersion of each burst in the sample.

Results. The collimation-corrected correlation appears to be no less dispersed than the isotropic-equivalent one. Also, individual GRBs are significantly less dispersed than the whole sample. We excluded (at a 4.2σ confidence level) the difference in samples’ sizes as the possible reason, thus confirming that individual GRBs are intrinsically less dispersed than the whole sample. No correlation was found between intrinsic dispersion and other key properties for the few GRBs with available information.

Conclusions. The contribution to the dispersion by the jet opening angle is not relevant. Moreover, our results prove that the intrinsic dispersion that affects the Ep, i − Liso correlation is partially, though not entirely, due to assembling different GRBs. We therefore conclude that the presence of different GRBs significantly contributes to the observed dispersion of both time-average Ep, i − Lp, iso and Ep, i − Eiso correlations.
DGHO-Jahrestagung: Verbessert frühe Stomaverlegung die Komplettierung der adjuvanten Chemotherapie?
Authors: Schöllmann Claudia
Published: March 2024

Die randomisierte Studie CoCStom untersuchte, ob bei Erkrankten mit reseziertem Rektumkarzinom ein frühe Rückverlegung des Stomas möglicherweise die Vervollständigung der adjuvanten Therapie verbessern kann. Prof. Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz, Mannheim, stellte die Studie im Rahmen der „Best Abstracts“-Session bei der DGHO-Jahrestagung 2023 vor.
DGHO-Jahrestagung: CAR-NK-Zell-Therapien sollen Behandlungsrepertoire erweitern
Authors: Schöllmann Claudia
Published: March 2024

Nachdem vor etwa 10 Jahren die Erfolgsgeschichte der CAR-T-Zellen begann, werden heute auch Immuntherapien mit gentechnisch veränderten natürlichen Killerzellen (NK) für schwer behandelbare maligne Erkrankungen wie akute myeloische Leukämie (AML)entwickelt. Auf dem Weg dahin sollten suppressive Mechanismen, die den anhaltenden antitumoralen Effekt der CAR-NK-Zellen hemmen, überwunden werden. Dies scheint zu Teilen gelungen zu sein, wie Prof. Evelyn Ullrich im Rahmen der „Best Abstracts“-Session bei der DGHO-Jahrestagung 2023 berichtete.
DGHO-Jahrestagung: Schadet das Absetzen der Checkpoint-Inhibition nach kompletter Remission?
Authors: Schöllmann Claudia
Published: March 2024

Anti-PD-1-Antikörper sind der Behandlungsstandard in der Erst- und Zweitlinientherapie von rezidivierten/metastasierten Plattenepithelkarzinomen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich (r/m HNSCC). In der klinischen Routine stellt sich die Frage, wie bei Erkrankten zu verfahren ist, die auf die Immuntherapie mit einer kompletten Remission (CR) nach RECIST oder einer sehr guten partiellen Remission angesprochen haben. Kann ggf. ein Absetzen der Medikation erwogen werden? Eine retrospektive Fallsammlung von 69 Erkrankten, die Dr. Konrad Klinghammer, Berlin, bei der DGHO-Jahrestagung 2023 vorstellte, weist in eine Richtung.
DGHO-Jahrestagung: Was folgt nach Progress in der Erstlinien-Chemo-Immuntherapie?
Authors: Maugg Doris
Published: March 2024

Tritt ein Progress nach Erstlinientherapie beim nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) auf, lohnt sich ein detaillierter Blick auf das Progressionsmuster, erklärte Dr. Cornelia Kropf-Sanchen, Universitätsklinikum Ulm. Zudem könnte sich die Kombination aus Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (CPI) und Angiogenese-Hemmung bei systemischer Therapie bewähren.
Maschinelles Lernen sagt Mortalitätsrisiko voraus
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: March 2024

Im Jahr 2022 wurden in den USA rund 2 Mio. neue Fälle eines Lungenkarzinoms diagnostiziert; rund ⅓ davon verstarben im gleichen Jahr. In weniger hoch entwickelten Ländern wird die Mortalität auf bis zu 90 % geschätzt. Eine japanische Arbeitsgruppe entwickelte nun ein Prädiktionsmodell zur Mortalität neu diagnostizierter Lungenkarzinom-Patient*innen während des stationären Aufenthalts als Basis für weitere Therapieplanungen.
Wie kann der Drehtüreffekt in der Akutpsychiatrie vermieden werden?
Authors: Jarling Katharina
Published: March 2024

Psychopharmaka können zahlreiche unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen haben, manche Patienten setzen sie deshalb eigenständig ab – und werden meist wenige Wochen später erneut in der Klinik aufgenommen. Damit Patienten die gewünschte Compliance zeigen und es nicht zum sogenannten Drehtüreffekt kommt, sollten sie geschult und auf ihre Entlassung vorbereitet werden. Hier helfen Psychoedukation und gezielte Interventionen.
Aller Anfang ist gar nicht so schwer! Vorbereitung für einen gelungenen Einstieg in pflegetherapeutische Gruppen
Authors: Köckritz Alexandra
Published: March 2024

Dass pflegetherapeutische Gruppen sinnvoll und wirksam sind, ist den meisten Kolleg*innen bewusst – dennoch herrscht häufig noch große Verunsicherung bezüglich der Leitung, Planung und des Einstiegs. Um Sicherheit zu gewinnen, ist die Vorbereitung von Gruppen entscheidend. Hierzu gehört auch die Wahl der Einstiegsmethodik, denn diese kann oftmals schon wegweisend für den Verlauf einer Gruppe sein. Die folgenden Methoden zeigen, wie unerlässlich eine gute Vorbereitung für eine gelungene Gruppe ist. Denn wie Konfuzius schon sagte: „In allen Dingen hängt der Erfolg von den Vorbereitungen ab.“
Rollenwechsel: Übergang von der Ausbildung zur examinierten Pflegekraft
Authors: Momberger Michael
Published: March 2024

Nach dreijähriger Ausbildung und bestandenem Examen beginnt die Zeit des Übergangs, die examinierte Pflegefachkraft wächst in ihr neues Rollenbild hinein. Hierbei kommt es zu unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen und Chancen, unter anderem aber auch zu Ängsten und diversen Emotionen. Denn ab jetzt ist die examinierte Pflegefachkraft für ihr Handeln allein verantwortlich, muss sich in vorhandene, aber für sie neue Strukturen einfinden, spezifische Krankheitsbilder kennenlernen, in das Team integrieren, Stationsabläufe kennenlernen. Wie gelingt dieser Rollenwechsel?
Roboter-assistierte Mikrochirurgie in der Rekonstruktion der unteren
Extremität
Authors: Strübing Felix , Böcker Arne , Bigdeli Amir K. , Gazyakan Emre , Vogelpohl Julian , Weigel Jonathan , Kneser Ulrich , Vollbach Felix H.
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund In den letzten Jahren wurden verschiedene Robotersysteme
entwickelt und zugelassen, welche spezifisch für die Mikrochirurgie konzipiert
wurden. Bisher gibt es zu diesen Systemen nur wenig Evidenz. In unserer Studie
untersuchen wir den Einsatz robotisch assistierter Mikrochirurgie in der
mikrochirurgischen Rekonstruktion der unteren Extremität.

Patienten/Material und Methoden Die Daten wurden prospektiv zwischen
Februar und November 2023 erfasst. Das Symani-Robotersystem wurde bei 42
mikrochirurgische Eingriffe an der unteren Extremität verwendet und die
Ergebnisse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten betrug 57±18 Jahre. Es
wurden insgesamt 39 freie Lappenplastiken (95%), ein lymphchirurgischer Eingriff
(3%) und zwei Nerventransfers (5%) durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 46 Anastomosen
und Nervenkoaptationen durchgeführt. Hierbei wurden sechs arterielle
End-zu-End-Anastomosen (11%), sieben arterielle End-zu-Seit Anastomosen (13%),
36 venöse End-zu-End-Anastomosen (65%), zwei lymphovenöse Anastomosen (4%) und
fünf epineurale Koaptationen im Rahmen von Nerventransfers (9%) durchgeführt.
Arterielle End-zu-End-Anastomosen dauerten durchschnittlich 26±12 Minuten und
arterielle End-zu-Seit-Anastomosen benötigten 42±21 Minuten. Die venösen
Anastomosen dauerten im Durchschnitt 33±12 Minuten. Die Nervenkoaptation
benötigten im Mittel 24±13 Minuten. In keinem Eingriff war eine Konversion auf
die konventionelle Handnaht notwendig. Es kam zu zwei arteriellen Thrombosen
(5%). In einem Fall konnte eine erfolgreiche Revision die Lappenplastik retten.
Es gab einen totalen Lappenverlust, jedoch keine partiellen Lappenverluste.

Schlussfolgerung Wir konnten unter Verwendung des Symani-Robotersystems in
der mikrochirurgischen Rekonstruktion der unteren Extremität Ergebnisse
aufzeigen, welche mit der konventionellen Mikrochirurgie vergleichbar sind.
Photoactive Ni-Complexes in Metallaphotoredox Catalysis: A Successful Match in C–C Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Zhu Chuan , Feng Chao , Dang Luzhen
Published: March 2024

Nickel catalysis is a well-established and powerful tool for C–C cross-coupling reactions, and its versatility has expanded significantly over past decades by its combination with visible-light photocatalysis in metallaphotoredox chemistry. Photocatalysis enables the activation of traditionally inert substrates and turnover of the Ni catalyst through a single-electron transfer processes. In recent years, dual catalysis has been further empowered by photoactive Ni intermediates, which exhibit distinct reactivity profiles from their ground states and complement existing protocols. This short review focuses on the emergent subclass of metallaphotoredox catalysis in which the synergy of a photoactive Ni catalyst and a typical photocatalyst (e.g., a polypyridyl Ir complex) provide solutions to challenging C–C bond formation.

1 Introduction

2 Photoactive Nickel Complexes

3 HAT-Mediated C–C Cross-Coupling

4 Halofunctionalization of π-Systems

5 Photoelimination of an Aryl Radical

6 Conclusion
Late-Stage C–H Deuteration of Organic Compounds via Ligand-Enabled Palladium-Catalyzed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange
Authors: van Gemmeren Manuel , Dey Jyotirmoy
Published: March 2024

Over the past years our lab has established a research program towards the late-stage introduction of deuterium into organic molecules using Pd-catalyzed reversible C–H activation as a means to affect hydrogen isotope exchange. Through catalyst design, including the introduction of novel ligand scaffolds, as well as the use of strategically chosen optimization and screening approaches, e.g., exploiting microscopic reversibility by first optimizing de-deuteration processes or using a multi-substrate screening approach, our studies have resulted in a number of synthetically useful labelling protocols and are described herein from a personal perspective.

1 Introduction

2 β-C(sp3)–H Deuteration of Free Carboxylic Acids

3 Nondirected C–H Deuteration of Arenes

4 Nondirected C–H Deuteration of Heteroarenes

5 Conclusion
A Rare Case of Disseminated Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis: A Case Report
Authors: Chirayath Michael , Titus Twinkle T. , Sebastian Loana Mariyam , Cicilet Soumya
Published: March 2024

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis is a benign condition characterized by multiple extrauterine leiomyomas in various locations such as the peritoneum, mesentery, abdominal wall, and pelvis. This is typically observed following laparoscopic myomectomy and is an extremely rare disease, with only a limited number of cases reported thus far. It primarily affects women in their reproductive age group and is believed to be associated with ovarian secretions. Leiomyomas are monoclonal smooth muscle tumors with characteristics similar to muscle on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. The presence of multiple nodules dispersed throughout the peritoneal cavity may resemble malignancy. There is no conventional treatment guideline, and the approach depends on the patient's age, symptoms, fertility requirements, and previous treatment. The treatment modalities can be surgical, hormonal, or combined. The presented case involves a 40-year-old woman who developed disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy.
Review of Commonly Used Embolics
Authors: Guan Justin J. , Golzarian Jafar
Published: March 2024

As interventional radiology has progressed, endovascular embolization has become a cornerstone of the specialty, used in a wide range of clinical indications including vessel occlusion in acute hemorrhage, cancer and benign tumor treatment, vascular malformations, variceal obliteration, and endoleak management. Fundamental knowledge of the various categories of embolics is vital for interventional radiologists. This review aims to provide a brief summary of the most common embolic agents currently in use, including discussions of their advantages, shortcomings, and common indications of each.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Polygenetic Conditions: A Legal, Ethical, and Scientific Challenge
Authors: Ginod Perrine , Dahan Michael H.
Published: March 2024

The recent commercialization of the Embryo Health Score (EHS), determined through preimplantation genetic testing for polygenic conditions, offers the potential to select embryos with lower disease risk, thus potentially enhancing offspring longevity and health. Lately, Orchid Health company increased testing from less than 20 diseases to more than 900+ conditions for birth defects. However, the “geneticization” of phenotype estimates to a health state erases the environmental part, including the in vitro fertilization potential risks, questioning its scientific usefulness. EHS is utilized in countries with minimal regulatory oversight and will likely expand, while it remains illegal in other countries due to ethical and legal dilemmas it raises about reproductive autonomy, discrimination, impacts on family dynamics, and genetic diversity. The shift toward commercialized polygenic embryo screening (PES) redefines healthcare relationships, turning prospective parents into consumers and altering the physician's role. Moreover, PES could increase social inequalities, stigmatize those not born following PES, and encourage “desirable” phenotypic or behavioral traits selection, leading to ethical drift. Addressing these issues is essential before further implementation and requires a collaborative approach involving political, governmental, and public health, alongside geneticists, ethicists, and fertility specialists, focusing on the societal implications and acceptability of testing for polygenic traits for embryo selection.
Language acquisition across the lifespan in historical
sociolinguistics
Authors: Sanz-Sánchez Israel
Published: March 2024

The study of language variation and change has
long been rooted in the effects of acquisition at different points
of the lifespan, but the potential for language acquisition theory
and data to inform sociohistorical approaches to language diachrony
has not always been recognized. In this introductory chapter, the
application of an acquisitionally informed lens to the research on
language variation and change is justified on theoretical,
methodological, and heuristic grounds. Following an overview of the
existing research on the role of age in the acquisition of variation
and the emergence of sociolinguistic norms, the chapter summarizes
previous applications of acquisition theory in historical
sociolinguistics. This panoramic review is then used to articulate
the potential for a lifelong view of language acquisition to serve as a powerful instrument in the historical sociolinguist’s toolkit.
Ultimately, the goal is to supplement other methodologies to produce
more thorough explanations of language change by centering a
language developmental perspective in the praxis of historical
sociolinguistics.
Monolingual and bilingual child language acquisition and language
change
Authors: Shin Naomi
Published: March 2024

This chapter reviews research on children’s
monolingual and bilingual acquisition of linguistic variation to
consider children’s role in language change. Many patterns of
variation are learned early and veridically, but some are acquired
late and may be more susceptible to change. Further, children
sometimes regularize variable input and may create novel patterns
when exposed to different dialects or languages, which suggests that
contact settings can serve as breeding grounds for language change.
The chapter thus turns to the topic of childhood bilingualism and
reviews research on child heritage speakers, whose divergences from
their input sometimes persist into adulthood. The chapter culminates
by considering the implications of the research reviewed for
socially informed models of language change and historical
sociolinguistics.
The dynamics of lifelong acquisition in dialect contact and
change
Authors: Hendriks Jennifer
Published: March 2024

Acquisition research involving speakers of
mutually intelligible varieties (dialects) or mutually unintelligible varieties (languages) reveals a wide range of possible acquisition
outcomes at different life stages and their potential to shape
language change across the community. Since contexts of dialect
contact often include language contact, attempts to understand
the link between dialect acquisition and dialect change must also
consider language contact as a potential factor. This chapter
surveys the research on dialect contact and lifespan change in
contexts of language maintenance in both non-mobile and mobile
languages users as a window into the human capacity for lifelong
acquisition and change. The chapter adopts a linguistic repertoire
focus, recognizing that bidialectalism/bilingualism is a matter of
degree, and that language dominance plays a key role in
crosslinguistic transfer. This proposal is illustrated with a case
study of dialect and language contact in Early Modern Dutch.
Multilingual acquisition across the lifespan as a sociohistorical
trigger for language change
Authors: Aalberse Suzanne
Published: March 2024

Language contact implies more variation in
language use, both in the individual and in the community. This
increased variation can accelerate language change, but it can also
halt it (Aalberse et al.
2019; Muysken
2013). Which parts of language do change, and which parts
do not depends on cognitive and social factors: the change or
non-change should be cognitively possible and socially acceptable.
What is cognitively possible or cognitively likely partly depends on
the age of the language user. What is socially desirable is also
partly dependent on age. This chapter provides an overview of
bilingual speaker optimization strategies inspired by Muysken (2013), relating
preferences for a type of strategy to life stages. The chapter ends
with a discussion on the challenges and opportunities of combining
the lifespan acquisition perspective with the historical
sociolinguistics of language contact.
Language acquisition across the lifespan and the emergence of new
varieties
Authors: Sharma Devyani
Published: March 2024

This chapter examines the role of acquisitional
processes in the emergence of new language varieties, exploring the
question in two ways. We first consider how different age groups and
generations contribute to the emergence of new multi-ethnolects in
Europe and in comparable contemporary contact situations. Age of
exposure and the social context of acquisition are both shown to
alter the course of a given variety. We then look at cases of
post-colonial dialect emergence, which we exemplify with cases
stemming from British colonialism. These examples are used to show
that theories of second language acquisition can account for the
development of specific grammatical features over generations, and
indeed that those theories can in turn be evaluated by such
examples. Overall, these cases show that new varieties are key
contexts to understand the role of language acquisition in
historical sociolinguistics.
Tracing the emergence of the voseo/tuteo
semantic split in Río de la Plata second person subjunctives
Authors: Moyna María Irene , Requena Pablo E.
Published: March 2024

This study documents the history of second person
singular informal variation in Rioplatense Spanish. It focuses on
the competition between voseo and
tuteo forms in the subjunctive and proposes
that the outcome of this variation can be linked to the acquisition
of these forms by children. In contrast with other verb forms in the
variety, which eradicated tuteo progressively, in
the subjunctive tuteo prevailed in epistemic
contexts, while voseo continued to be possible in
deontic contexts. By combining data from the historical record
(Study 1) with converging data from contemporary children acquiring
the same structures (Study 2), we show that the subjunctive forms
most likely to select tuteo are acquired later,
making them more susceptible to normative influence. Because changes
in the second singular present subjunctive coincided with the spread
of public education in the region, we argue that the semantic split
resulted from the interaction of linguistic, social, and
developmental factors, and sketch a sociohistorical account for the
actuation of this change.
Child and adolescent transmission and incrementation in
acquisition in historical sociophonetic data from English in
Missouri, 1880–2000
Authors: Strelluf Christopher
Published: March 2024

Phonological conditioning of allophones of /æ/ is
typologically important for American Englishes and a site of ongoing
sound change. Combining historical and present-day data, this
chapter traces productions of /æ/ in the US state of Missouri from
the 1880s to 1990s. It reveals a transition to a nasal /æ/ system
that progressed via children’s probabilistic calculations, as
children initially acquired the /æ/ of their speech community
(transmission) and then introduced innovations as they approached
adulthood (incrementation). It also posits roots for the actuation
of modern-day /æ/-backing in turn-of-the-century associations with
high socioeconomic status and/or metropolitan Kansas City, which may
have initiated incrementation. These findings highlight the value of
historical sociophonetic explorations of sound changes as
consequences of cognitive processes of language acquisition.
Adult L2 acquisition of for-complementation in
Chinese Pidgin English and Hong Kong English
Authors: Li Michelle
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the emergence of
for-complementation in Chinese Pidgin English
(CPE) and Hong Kong English (HKE) from a sociohistorical
perspective. Although CPE and HKE arise under different contact
situations and time periods, surprisingly speakers of these
varieties show parallelism in the use of for to
introduce purposive clauses. The origins of for as
a complementizer in CPE will be argued to be contributed by
convergence of meanings and functions in Cantonese and English – the
major input languages in the feature pools of both varieties. It
will be shown that L2 learning provided the mechanism for the
emergence of for in purposive clauses in CPE and
HKE. Variation in sentential complementation in these two varieties
of English supports one of the tenets in variationist historical
sociolinguistics, namely synchronic and diachronic variation can
inform and complement each other.
Parataxis and hypotaxis in the history of English
Authors: Walkden George
Published: March 2024

The claim that parataxis precedes hypotaxis in the history of English is an idea with a long pedigree;
however, the empirical evidence for it is limited. In this chapter, I revisit the question of parataxis and hypotaxis
diachronically, focusing on two different claims. The first is the idea that finite clausal complementation emerged
from clausal juxtaposition. Following Axel-Tober (2012, 2017), I argue that this scenario is implausible. The second is the idea that
the proportion of subordinate clauses increases gradually over time. This quantitative claim can be assessed using
parsed historical corpora. No gradual increase can be observed; rather, we see substantial genre-conditioned
variation. I conclude that the idea of parataxis preceding hypotaxis might be ready for retirement.
Subject-verb agreement and the rise of do-support in the period of anglicisation of
Scots
Authors: Gotthard Lisa
Published: March 2024

Scots subject-verb (S-V) agreement is historically distinct from that of (Standard) English, as Older Scots
employed a version of the Northern Subject Rule (NSR). It has been suggested that the NSR is a
similar last-resort operation to do-support (de Haas 2011),
giving rise to the question of whether do-support entered grammar competition with the NSR when it
emerged in Scots. Using the new Parsed Corpus of Scottish Correspondence (1540–1750), this study
explores the presence of these S-V agreement strategies in 16th–18th century Scots, and investigates the possibility
that NSR constraints influence the trajectory of Scots do-support. The findings indicate that the NSR
declines as do-support emerges in the PCSC data, but apparently without interference
from subject type constraints.
A modern light on diachronic processes affecting coda /l/ in English
Authors: Stenbrenden Gjertrud F.
Published: March 2024

This paper examines historical changes affecting coda laterals in British English, in the light of findings
from articulatory phonology, with some insights from acoustic and perceptual phonetics as well. Historically, coda
laterals induce pre-lateral diphthongisation and are themselves vocalised/lost, usually to a back rounded vowel. Coda
laterals involve a radical gesture (retracted tongue root), and diphthongisation is caused by a gestural conflict
between the laminal-dorsal gesture of the vowel and the radical gesture of the following lateral, producing an
excrescent vowel in the transition. This excrescent vowel sounds like a schwa or /ɔ/ due to a shared post-oral gesture
between these vowels and coda laterals. Vocalisation/loss is caused by gestural reduction, whether in terms of time,
timing or space.
Modality and the English subjunctive in noun clauses
Authors: Moessner Lilo
Published: March 2024

The paper starts with a survey of earlier studies on the subjunctive in English noun clauses, and it
promises the analysis of the parameter modality expressed by third person singular present tense verbal syntagms in a
corpus of almost 550,000 words. Two models of modality are distinguished; in the first model, the relevant descriptive
parameters are fact and non-fact modality, in the second root and epistemic modality. The subjunctive realises
non-fact modality in the first, root modality in the second model. The application of both models to the corpus
analysis yields a frequency descrease of noun clauses expressing non-fact/root modality, but only the second model,
which includes meaning specifications of the competitors of the subjunctive, allows the prediction that they will
probably guarantee the survival of the subjunctive.