bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing broadband pulsed dynamic nuclear polarization sequences in static solids
Authors: Wili Nino , Nielsen Anders Bodholt , Völker Laura Alicia , Schreder Lukas , Nielsen Niels Chr. , Jeschke Gunnar , Tan Kong Ooi
Published: July 2022

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) hyperpolarization technique that mediates polarization transfer from unpaired electrons with large thermal polarization to NMR-active nuclei via microwave (mw) irradiation. The ability to generate arbitrarily shaped mw pulses using arbitrary waveform generators allows for remarkable improvement of the robustness and versatility of DNP. We present here novel design principles based on single-spin vector effective Hamiltonian theory to develop new broadband DNP pulse sequences, namely, an adiabatic version of XiX (X–inverse X)–DNP and a broadband excitation by amplitude modulation (BEAM)–DNP experiment. We demonstrate that the adiabatic BEAM-DNP pulse sequence may achieve a
1
H enhancement factor of ∼360, which is better than ramped-amplitude NOVEL (nuclear spin orientation via electron spin locking) at ∼0.35 T and 80 K in static solids doped with trityl radicals. In addition, the bandwidth of the BEAM-DNP experiments (~50 MHz) is about three times the
1
H Larmor frequency. The generality of our theoretical approach will be helpful in the development of new pulsed DNP sequences.
Ly6C
hi
monocytes balance regulatory and cytotoxic CD4 T cell responses to control virus-induced immunopathology
Authors: Maquet Céline , Baiwir Jérôme , Loos Pauline , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Lucia , Javaux Justine , Sandor Rémy , Perin Fabienne , Fallon Padraic G. , Mack Matthias , Cataldo Didier , Gillet Laurent , Machiels Bénédicte
Published: July 2022

Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs) have coevolved with their host, leading to a remarkably high infection prevalence and establishment of latency. The lifelong persistence of γHVs in hosts appears to broadly shape host immunity, and we show here that pulmonary infection with Murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4), a mouse γHV, drives the recruitment of Ly6C
hi
monocytes (MOs) into the airway, thereby modulating the host immune response. The absence of Ly6C
hi
MOs is associated with severe virus-induced immunopathology and the systemic release of inflammatory mediators. Mechanistically, MuHV-4–imprinted MOs recruit CD4 T cells to the airways and trigger immunosuppressive signaling pathways through the PD-L1/PD-1 axis, thereby dampening the deleterious activation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells. These results uncover a role for Ly6C
hi
MOs in modulating CD4 T cell functions and reveal pathways that could be targeted therapeutically to reduce detrimental immunopathological responses associated with respiratory viral infections.
Local delivery of low-dose anti–CTLA-4 to the melanoma lymphatic basin leads to systemic T
reg
reduction and effector T cell activation
Authors: van Pul Kim M. , Notohardjo Jessica C. L. , Fransen Marieke F. , Koster Bas D. , Stam Anita G. M. , Chondronasiou Dafni , Lougheed Sinéad M. , Bakker Joyce , Kandiah Vinitha , van den Tol M. Petrousjka , Jooss Karin , Vuylsteke Ronald J. C. L. M. , van den Eertwegh Alfons J. M. , de Gruijl Tanja D.
Published: July 2022

Preclinical studies show that locoregional CTLA-4 blockade is equally effective in inducing tumor eradication as systemic delivery, without the added risk of immune-related side effects. This efficacy is related to access of the CTLA-4 blocking antibodies to tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). Local delivery of anti–CTLA-4 after surgical removal of primary melanoma, before sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), provides a unique setting to clinically assess the role of TDLN in the biological efficacy of locoregional CTLA-4 blockade. Here, we have evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunomodulatory effects in the SLN and peripheral blood of a single dose of tremelimumab [a fully human immunoglobulin gamma-2 (IgG2) mAb directed against CTLA-4] in a dose range of 2 to 20 mg, injected intradermally at the tumor excision site 1 week before SLNB in 13 patients with early-stage melanoma (phase 1 trial; NCT04274816). Intradermal delivery was safe and well tolerated and induced activation of migratory dendritic cell (DC) subsets in the SLN. It also induced profound and durable decreases in regulatory T cell (T
reg
) frequencies and activation of effector T cells in both SLN and peripheral blood. Moreover, systemic T cell responses against NY-ESO-1 or MART-1 were primed or boosted (
N
= 7), in association with T cell activation and central memory T cell differentiation. These findings indicate that local administration of anti–CTLA-4 may offer a safe and promising adjuvant treatment strategy for patients with early-stage melanoma. Moreover, our data demonstrate a central role for TDLN in the biological efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade and support TDLN-targeted delivery methods.
Ethnic differences between South Asians and white Caucasians in cardiovascular disease-related mortality in developed countries: a systematic literature review protocol
Authors: Patel Mubarak , Abatcha Salim , Uthman Olalekan Abdulrahman
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, with significantly worse CVD outcomes in ethnic minorities in developed countries, especially South Asians, compared with the prevailing white ethnic group. This protocol outlines the process for conducting a systematic literature review to investigate the CVD outcome inequalities between South Asian and white Caucasian ethnic groups.

Methods

Studies that compared the South Asian ethnic minority with the predominant white ethnicity in developed countries with CVD will be included from inception to 22 April 2021. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and grey literature to find all relevant peer-reviewed articles, reports and online theses. Articles will be screened using inclusion/exclusion criteria applied first at the title and abstract level, and then full texts, both by two independent reviewers. Articles kept in the review will undergo a risk of bias assessment using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool and data will be extracted. Random-effects meta-analysis and heterogeneity tests will be undertaken, and tests for publication bias, outlying highly-influential observations. If insufficient data is founded or studies are highly heterogeneous, a narrative synthesis will be conducted.

Ethics

Formal ethical approval is not required for this review.

Dissemination

The results and findings of this systematic literature review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and reports.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021240865.
Duration of External Neck Stabilisation (DENS) following odontoid fracture in older or frail adults: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of collar versus no collar
Authors: Woodfield Julie , Edlmann Ellie , Black Polly L , Boyd Julia , Copley Phillip Correia , Cranswick Gina , Eborall Helen , Keerie Catriona , Khan Sadaquate , Lawton Julia , Lowe David J , Norrie John , Niven Angela , Reed Matthew J , Shenkin Susan Deborah , Statham Patrick , Stoddart Andrew , Tomlinson James , Brennan Paul M
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Fractures of the odontoid process frequently result from low impact falls in frail or older adults. These are increasing in incidence and importance as the population ages. In the UK, odontoid fractures in older adults are usually managed in hard collars to immobilise the fracture and promote bony healing. However, bony healing does not always occur in older adults, and bony healing is not associated with quality of life, functional, or pain outcomes. Further, hard collars can cause complications such as skin pressure ulcers, swallowing difficulties and difficulties with personal care. We hypothesise that management with no immobilisation may be superior to management in a hard collar for older or frail adults with odontoid fractures.

Methods and analyses

This is the protocol for the Duration of External Neck Stabilisation (DENS) trial—a non-blinded randomised controlled trial comparing management in a hard collar with management without a collar for older (≥65 years) or frail (Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale ≥5) adults with a new odontoid fracture. 887 neurologically intact participants with any odontoid process fracture type will be randomised to continuing with a hard collar (standard care) or removal of the collar (intervention). The primary outcome is quality of life measured using the EQ-5D-5L at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include pain scores, neck disability index, health and social care use and costs, and mortality.

Ethics and dissemination

Informed consent for participation will be sought from those able to provide it. We will also include those who lack capacity to ensure representativeness of frail and acutely unwell older adults. Results will be disseminated via scientific publication, lay summary, and visual abstract. The DENS trial received a favourable ethical opinion from the Scotland A Research Ethics Committee (21/SS/0036) and the Leeds West Research Ethics Committee (21/YH/0141).

Trial registration number

NCT04895644.
Effects of a hybrid digital cognitive–behavioural therapy for insomnia and emotion regulation in the workplace (SLEEP): study protocol for a randomised waitlist control trial
Authors: Moukhtarian Talar Rita , Patel Krishane , Toro Carla , Russel Sean , Daly Guy , Walasek Lukasz , Tang Nicole K Y , Meyer Caroline
Published: July 2022

Introduction

This trial tests the efficacy of implementing a hybrid digital cognitive–behavioural therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I) and emotion regulation (ER) in the workplace. The study protocol follows the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Intervention Trials) 2013 recommendations.

Methods and analysis

This is a mixed methods evaluation with a two-arm randomised waitlist control design of a 6-week dCBT-I+ER intervention through self-guided online platform and four videoconferencing therapy sessions. A process evaluation will examine the fidelity of delivery and experiences of the intervention. The primary outcomes are the Insomnia Severity Index, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7. The secondary outcomes are job productivity, job satisfaction, well-being, quality of life, self-reported (sleep diary data) and objective (actigraphy) sleep parameters, and usage of online intervention platform. Assessments take place at baseline (T0), week 8 post-treatment (T1) and week 12 postrandomisation (T2). We will recruit 156 workers with sleep and ER problems ranging from subclinical to clinical levels not engaged in treatment at the time of the trial.

Ethics and dissemination

Full approval was given by the University of Warwick Biomedical and Research Ethics Committee (BSREC 45/20-21). The current protocol version is 2.9_Dec21. Publication of results will inform the scientific, clinical and business communities through peer-reviewed articles, webinars, conferences and newsletters.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN13596153.
Emotional impact on healthcare providers involved in medical assistance in dying (MAiD): a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Dholakia Saumil Yogendra , Bagheri Alireza , Simpson Alexander
Published: July 2022

Background

Medical assistance in dying (MAiD) traverses challenging and emotionally overwhelming territories: healthcare providers (HCPs) across jurisdictions experience myriad of affective responses secondary to possible tensions between normative and interwoven values, such as sanctity of life, dignity in death and dying and duty to care.

Objective

To determine the emotional impact on HCPs involved in MAiD.

Methods

Inclusion restricted to English language qualitative research studies from four databases (OVID Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus), from beginning until 30 April 2021, and grey literature up to August 2021 were searched. Key author, citation and reference searches were undertaken. We excluded studies without rigorous qualitative research methodology. Included studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tool. Analysis was conducted using thematic meta-synthesis. The cumulative evidence was assessed for confidence using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research approach.

Results

The search identified 4522 papers. Data from 35 studies (393 physicians, 169 nurses, 53 social workers, 22 allied healthcare professionals) employing diverse qualitative research methodologies from five countries were coded and analysed. The thematic meta-synthesis showed three descriptive emotional themes: (1) polarised emotions including moral distress (n=153), (2) reflective emotions with MAiD as a ‘sense-making process’ (n=251), and (3) professional value-driven emotions (n=352).

Discussion

This research attempts to answer the question, ‘what it means at an emotional level’, for a MAiD practitioner. Legislation allowing MAiD for terminal illness only influences the emotional impact: MAiD practitioners under this essential criterion experience more polarised emotions, whereas those practising in jurisdictions with greater emphasis on allaying intolerable suffering experience more reflective emotions. MAiD practitioner’s professional values and their degree of engagement influence the emotional impact, which may help structure future support networks. English language literature restriction and absence of subgroup analyses limit the generalisability of results.
Effects of community family doctors-led intervention for self-management and medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ren Biqi , Wang Ningsheng , Lei Shuang , Lin Shuzhi , Chen Yue , Liu Lianye , Xiang Yufang , Feng Bianling
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The management of diabetes has become a critical public health issue in China. The development of community-based type 2 diabetes management in China has not yet reached an ideal state, and the most suitable management methods for diabetic patients are still being explored. Few studies have used community-based family doctors to perform interventions of appropriate intensity. This protocol describes a planned randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a family doctor-led intervention model for diabetes self-management and medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods and analysis

This is a Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials-compliant cluster randomised controlled trial. The study will be conducted at four CHCs (community health centers). The control group will receive conventional medical services and health education. The intervention group will receive an intervention led by community family doctors based on the conventional medical services and health education. It will include five parts: usual care, a medication reminder, a 4-week plan, a weekly phone interview and a monthly interview. The primary outcomes are changes in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, self-management knowledge and behaviour, and medication adherence from baseline to the 3rd and 6th months. The secondary outcome is the proportion of people whose blood sugar and glycosylated haemoglobin are under control in the 3rd and 6th months.

Ethics and dissemination

The study proposal was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Medical Department of Xi’an Jiaotong University (no. 2021-1371). The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.

Trial registration number

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100051685.
Ethnic inequalities in mental and physical multimorbidity in women of reproductive age: a data linkage cohort study
Authors: Catalao Raquel , Dorrington Sarah , Pritchard Megan , Jewell Amelia , Broadbent Matthew , Ashworth Mark , Hatch Stephani , Howard Louise
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Explore inequalities in risk factors, mental and physical health morbidity in non-pregnant women of reproductive age in contact with mental health services and how these vary per ethnicity.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Data from Lambeth DataNet, anonymised primary care records of this ethnically diverse London borough, linked to anonymised electronic mental health records (‘CRIS secondary care database’).

Participants

Women aged 15–40 years with an episode of secondary mental health care between January 2008 and December 2018 and no antenatal or postnatal Read codes (n=3817) and a 4:1 age-matched comparison cohort (n=14 532).

Main outcome measures

Preconception risk factors including low/high body mass index, smoking, alcohol, substance misuse, micronutrient deficiencies and physical diagnoses.

Results

Women in contact with mental health services (whether with or without severe mental illness (SMI)) had a higher prevalence of all risk factors and physical health diagnoses studied. Women from minority ethnic groups were less likely to be diagnosed with depression in primary care compared with white British women (adjusted OR 0.66 (0.55–0.79) p<0.001), and black women were more likely to have a SMI (adjusted OR 2.79 (2.13–3.64) p<0.001). Black and Asian women were less likely to smoke or misuse substances and more likely to be vitamin D deficient. Black women were significantly more likely to be overweight (adjusted OR 3.47 (3.00–4.01) p<0.001), be diagnosed with hypertension (adjusted OR 3.95 (2.67–5.85) p<0.00) and have two or more physical health conditions (adj OR 1.94 (1.41–2.68) p<0.001) than white British women.

Conclusions

Our results challenge the perspective that regular monitoring of physical health in primary care should be exclusively encouraged in people with a l diagnosis. The striking differences in multimorbidity for women in contact with mental health services and those of ethnic minority groups emphasise a need of integrative models of care.
Effectiveness–implementation hybrid-2 randomised trial of a collaborative Shared Care Model for Detecting Neurodevelopmental Impairments after Critical Illness in Young Children (DAISY): pilot study protocol
Authors: Long Debbie , Gibbons Kristen , Dow Belinda , Best James , Webb Kerri-Lyn , Liley Helen G , Stocker Christian , Thoms Debra , Schlapbach Luregn J , Wharton Carolyn , Lister Paula , Matuschka Lori , Castillo Maria Isabel , Tyack Zephanie , Bora Samudragupta
Published: July 2022

Introduction

In Australia, while paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) mortality has dropped to 2.2%, one in three survivors experience long-term neurodevelopmental impairment, limiting their life-course opportunities. Unlike other high-risk paediatric populations, standardised routine neurodevelopmental follow-up of PICU survivors is rare, and there is limited knowledge regarding the best methods. The present study intends to pilot a combined multidisciplinary, online screening platform and general practitioner (GP) shared care neurodevelopmental follow-up model to determine feasibility of a larger, future study. We will also assess the difference between neurodevelopmental vulnerability and parental stress in two intervention groups and the impact of child, parent, sociodemographic and illness/treatment risk factors on child and parent outcomes.

Methods and analysis

Single-centre randomised effectiveness–implementation (hybrid-2 design) pilot trial for parents of children aged ≥2 months and <4 years discharged from PICU after critical illness or injury. One intervention group will receive 6 months of collaborative shared care follow-up with GPs (supported by online outcome monitoring), and the other will be offered self-directed screening and education about post-intensive care syndrome and child development. Participants will be followed up at 1, 3 and 6 months post-PICU discharge. The primary outcome is feasibility. Secondary outcomes include neurodevelopmental vulnerability and parental stress. An implementation evaluation will analyse barriers to and facilitators of the intervention.

Ethics and dissemination

The study is expected to lead to a full trial, which will provide much-needed guidance about the clinical effectiveness and implementation of follow-up models of care for children after critical illness or injury. The Children’s Health Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee approved this study. Dissemination of the outcomes of the study is expected via publication in a peer-reviewed journal, presentation at relevant conferences, and via social media, podcast presentations and open-access medical education resources.

Registration details

The trial was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ‘Pilot testing of a collaborative Shared Care Model for Detecting Neurodevelopmental Impairments after Critical Illness in Young Children’ (the DAISY Pilot Study).

Trial registration number

ACTRN12621000799853.
Understanding clinical decision-making in mesothelioma care: a mixed methods study
Authors: Henshall Catherine , Dawson Paul , Rahman Najib , Ball Hannah , Sundralingam Anand , Shahidi Mitra , McKeown Edward , Park John , Walthall Helen , Davey Zoe
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare, incurable cancer arising from previous asbestos exposure; patients have a poor prognosis, with a median survival rate of 8–14 months. Variation in mesothelioma clinical decision-making remains common with a lack of multidisciplinary knowledge sharing, leading to inconsistencies in treatment decisions. The study aimed to explore which factors impacted on clinicians’ decision-making in mesothelioma care, with a view to optimising the mesothelioma care pathway.

Methods

This mixed methods study consisted of documentary analysis of local and national guidelines, policies or documents pertaining to mesothelioma care pathways, secondary analysis of mesothelioma patient data, and interviews with clinicians attending lung cancer and/or mesothelioma-specific multidisciplinary team meetings. The study took place at three National Health Service trusts in England. Documentations relating to patients’ treatment pathways were collated and reviewed qualitatively. Records of patients with mesothelioma were extracted from hospital patient records and data collected on diagnosis date, treatment, mortality rates, survival postdiagnosis, age and clinical care team. Data were statistically analysed. Interviews with clinicians explored influences on clinical decision-making, including challenges or barriers involved. Data were thematically analysed. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting checklist was used.

Results

There were differences in the structure and delivery of mesothelioma treatment and care between trusts. Four main themes were identified: ‘collaboration and communication’, ‘evidence base and knowledge’, ‘role of the clinician’ and ‘role of the patient’. Two cross-cutting themes relating to the role of the mesothelioma nurse specialist and the impact of COVID-19 were identified.

Discussion

There is a need to review the structure of mesothelioma multidisciplinary team meetings to ensure patients are reviewed by clinicians with appropriate knowledge, expertise and understanding of how, why and when decisions should be made. There is a need for expert clinicians in mesothelioma care to promote an up-to-date evidence and knowledge base within the wider multidisciplinary team.
Mapping the current state of the medical specialties in laboratory medicine in Italy
Authors: Schiavinato Alvise
Published: July 2022

Laboratory medicine is the single highest volume medical activity and it plays an increasingly essential role in the modern healthcare systems. In vitro diagnostic tests are now used in virtually every aspect of the patient care, including disease prevention, diagnosis, disease monitoring as well as personalised medicine. Nevertheless, the profession of laboratory medicine differs between countries in many respects, such as specialist training (medical or scientific), fields of interest, responsibilities and professional organisation. Many attempts have been made to quantify the role of laboratory medicine in patient outcomes, but the precise figures are still not clear. Moreover, the relative contribution of medical specialists in laboratory medicine is not well known and somehow controversial. To start exploring these aspects, we studied the current state of the two medical specialties that make up the majority of laboratory medicine in Italy: clinical pathology and medical microbiology. Our analysis revealed that both specialties suffer from a low attractivity among postgraduate physicians, and suggest that a restructuring of the training programme and professional reorganisation should be considered.
Two-dimensional harmonic oscillator and centered trochoïd curves: trajectories under constant magnetic field
Authors: Guiot Eric
Published: July 2022

We studied the two-dimensional trajectories of a charged particle that was subjected to the simultaneous effect of a restoring force and a force perpendicular to its speed, which could thus be a magnetic force. Several results have been provided and compared with other modern works relative to this topic. In particular, using a classical method based on the introduction of complex variables, we showed that these trajectories are, when the force is attractive, a part of the centered trochoïd curves. When force was repulsive, we obtained a second family of trajectories, this time entirely original. In the two cases, several possible trajectories are detailed and limiting cases are studied. Possible applications are discussed, especially about the normal Zeeman effect and Paschen–Back effect.
Lorentz invariance and the spinor-helicity formalism yield the U(1) and SU(3) fermion symmetry
Authors: Marsch Eckart , Narita Yasuhito
Published: July 2022

In this paper we use the so-called spinor-helicity formalism to represent three-vectors in terms of the Pauli matrices and derive a generalized relativistic wave equation for a massive fermion of spin one-half. We thus extend the Dirac equation by making use of the Pauli-Lubański operator that includes isospin explicitly. As a consequence, we get new degrees of freedom related to isospin helicity, in addition to the two standard ones of the Dirac equation that are associated with the kinetic spin-helicity doublet and the particle-antiparticle pair. Formally, isospin helicity has $$2(2s+1)$$

2
(
2
s
+
1
)

degrees of freedom for an arbitrary general isospin s and has the eigenvalues s and $$-(s+1)$$

-
(
s
+
1
)

, and thus it reveals a kind of hidden symmetry in any isospin field. The resulting four degrees of freedom for isospin 1/2 are interpreted as being associated with two independent subspaces of dimension 1 related to the U(1) and 3 related to SU(3) symmetry, i.e. to the leptons and quarks.
Superposed hyperbolic kink and pulse solutions of coupled ϕ4, NLS and mKdV equations
Authors: Khare Avinash , Saxena Avadh
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we obtain novel solutions of a coupled [Formula: see text], a coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation and a coupled modified Korteweg de Vries equation which can be re-expressed as a linear superposition of either the sum or the difference of two hyperbolic pulse solutions or the sum of either a two-kink or a kink and an antikink solution. These results demonstrate that the notion of superposed solutions extends to coupled nonlinear equations as well.
Formation of morphogen gradient based on information geometry
Authors: Yin Hongwei , Li Qiang , Wen Xiaoqing
Published: July 2022

Morphogen gradient possesses stem cells’ spatial information to control these cells’ differentiation toward distinct directions. In embryos, the formation of this gradient is a dynamic process with time. However, how the information during the process of forming morphogen gradient is measured remains unsolved. Here, according to the theory of information geometry, the information length based on Fisher information is introduced to measure the change in the information from morphogen gradient’s initial state to its steady state. We find that morphogen’s diffusion rate, degradation rate and production rate have important effects on the information length. Specially, morphogen gradation’s degradation rate and diffusion rate have opposite effects on the information length. Our results enrich the current ones about morphogen gradients.
Hydrogen storage properties of Li-, Sc-, Ti-decorated Ψ-graphene: A DFT study
Authors: Nie Mingjie , Ge Yan , Liu Ziyi , Miao Zhicheng , Zou Jiayi , Ding Jiangyi , Yang Zhihong , Su Huazhong , Yan Gang , Wang Yunhui , Bi Lan
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the hydrogen storage performance of Sc (Ti, Li)-modified [Formula: see text]-graphene ([Formula: see text]-g) is investigated by density functional theory (DFT). Sc and Ti can be stably adsorbed on [Formula: see text]-g with the binding energies of 4.78 eV and 4.83 eV, respectively. Li atoms can also be stably absorbed on B-doped [Formula: see text]-g with the binding energy of 2.51 eV. In addition, Sc and Ti atoms attached on [Formula: see text]-g can adsorb up to ten and eight hydrogen molecules, and the hydrogen gravimetric storage capacity reaches 7.93 wt.% and 6.20 wt.%, respectively. Li atoms attached on B-doped [Formula: see text]-g can adsorb up to eight hydrogen molecules with the hydrogen gravimetric storage capacity 9.32 wt.%, all meeting DOE standards. On the whole, Bader charge analysis shows that the charge is transferred from C atoms to H atoms, which is more conducive to hydrogen adsorption. All the researches prove that the Sc, Ti-decorated [Formula: see text]-g and Li-decorated B-doped [Formula: see text]-g are potential hydrogen storage materials.
Bäcklund transformation, Lax pair, infinite conservation laws and exact solutions to a generalized (2 + 1)-dimensional equation
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Zhu Mengkun , Liu Shuli , Li Chunhui , Wang Xiaoli
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the integrability of a generalized ([Formula: see text])-dimensional equation is investigated by using the Bell polynomials and Hirota bilinear method. By appropriate transformation, the bilinear equation is constructed. Some soliton solutions are yielded via the Hirota bilinear method. Then the evolution and collision of the soliton solutions are discussed. Starting from the two-field condition, the bilinear Bäcklund transformation is derived. Linearization of the [Formula: see text]-polynomials-typed Bäcklund transformation leads to the Lax pair. Besides, infinite conservation laws are derived by constructing the Riccati-type equation and devergence-type equation.
Spoken Language Identification Using Prosody, Phonotactics, and Acoustics: A Review
Authors: Thukroo Irshad Ahmad , Bashir Rumaan , Giri Kaiser J.
Published: July 2022

Spoken language identification (LID) is the identification of language present in a speech segment despite its size (duration and speed), ambiance (topic and emotion), and moderator (gender, age, demographic region). Information Technology has touched new vistas for a couple of decades mostly to simplify the day-to-day life of humans. One of the key contributions of Information Technology is the application of Artificial Intelligence to achieve better results. The advent of artificial intelligence has given rise to a new branch of Natural Language Processing (NLP) called Computational Linguistics, which generates frameworks for intelligently manipulating spoken language knowledge and has brought human–machine into a new stage. In this context, speech has arisen to be one of the imperative forms of interfaces, which is the basic mode of communication for us, and generally the most preferred one. Recognition of the spoken language is a frontend for several technologies, like multiple languages conversation systems, expressed translation software, multilingual speech recognition, spoken word extraction, speech production systems. This paper reviews and summarises the different levels of information that can be used for language identification. A broad study of acoustic, phonetic, and prosody features has been provided and various classifiers have been used for spoken language identification specifically for Indian languages. This paper has investigated various existing spoken language identification models implemented using prosodic, phonotactic, acoustic, and deep learning approaches, the datasets used, and performance measures utilized for their analysis. It also highlights the main features and challenges faced by these models. Moreover, this review analyses the efficiency of the spoken language models that can help the researchers to propose new language identification models for speech signals.
Palynofloras, palaeoenvironmental change and the inception of the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum; the record of the Forties Fan, Sele Formation, North Sea Basin
Authors: Jolley David , Vieira Manuel , Jin Simin , Kemp David B.
Published: July 2022

The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) has previously been recorded in marine density flow sedimentary rocks of the Forties Member, Sele Formation, North Sea Basin. Two cored well sections with existing

δ

13
C records were analysed for their total palynofloras. Using statistically defined microplankton groups and diversity data, the Sele Formation Unit S1 depositional sequence and its maximum flooding surface was identified in both wells. This highlighted that deposition of the Forties Fan complex began significantly earlier than the inception of the PETM in the proximal fan area. Palynofloras from the Central and West Axial fairways of the Forties Fan have previously been used to indicate increased rainfall, erosion and onset of Forties Fan deposition at the PETM inception. However, winterwet floodplain communities typify the coeval East Axial Fairway, whereas the dominance of swamp-derived communities in the West and Central Axial Fairway sediments reflects source palaeogeography overriding the regional winterwet climate signal. Palynofloras reflecting regional increased seasonality and lower moisture availability increase immediately before the PETM CIE onset, but reflect climate warming over the hyperthermal. However, there is no correlation between Forties Fan initiation and the PETM. NE Atlantic margin basin flank uplift in response to synrift volcanism is indicated as the driving mechanism behind Forties Fan inception.

Supplementary material
: Raw data, DCA graphs for microplankton, pollen and spore data and

δ

13
C data for well 22/6-1 are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6080873
Arctic sediment routing during the Triassic: sinking the Arctic Atlantis
Authors: Gilmullina Albina , Klausen Tore Grane , Doré Anthony George , Sirevaag Hallgeir , Suslova Anna , Eide Christian Haug
Published: July 2022

Opening of the Arctic Ocean has been the subject of much debate, and the placement of terranes in the Early Mesozoic remains a crucial part of this important discussion. Several continental terranes complicate the palaeogeographical reconstruction. One such terrane is Crockerland, which has been inferred to explain sediment distribution in the Arctic throughout the Mesozoic. However, Triassic successions throughout the Arctic basins bear many similarities, and a common sedimentary source could offer a simpler explanation with fewer complications for the past configuration of the Arctic. The study's goal is to test the hypothesis of long-distance sediment transport from a common source in present-day Russia to all Arctic basins in the Triassic, and to demonstrate how estimates of sediment routing distances can improve pre-break-up plate-tectonic reconstructions. Results confirm that (1) the Arctic basins were closely connected prior to break-up in the Mesozoic, (2) based on regional facies distribution, sediment budgets, sediment modelling and detrital zircon age spectra, the Crockerland terrane is unlikely to have existed as a major sediment supplying area, (3) the reconstructed Arctic sediment routing system can help to constrain plate-tectonic models, and (4) statistical estimation of sediment transport is a novel and potentially important tool for improving plate-tectonic and palaeogeographical reconstructions.

Supplementary material
: A database for provenance study, detrital zircon age spectra and the sedimentary length calculations method are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6086468
Multiple volcanic episodes of the Kermanshah forearc basin, SW Iran: a record of the deactivation and re-initiation of Neotethyan subduction involving a mid-ocean ridge
Authors: Yang Tiannan , Chen Jianlin , Hou Zengqian , Xin Di , Aghazadeh M.
Published: July 2022

Numerical simulations and theoretical analyses predict that forearc ophiolites probably record the end of subduction followed by re-initiation. We report here the results of a field study and new geochronological data that enable identification of the Kermanshah forearc basin, SW Iran. This basin is filled with two terrestrial volcaniclastic successions separated by an Upper Cretaceous reef facies limestone. Early Late Cretaceous ocean island basalts, early Eocene incompatible element-enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts/normal-type mid-ocean ridge basalts and late Eocene arc basalts of the basin indicate that Neotethyan subduction ended during the early Late Cretaceous and then re-initiated during the late Eocene. We suggest that the Neotethyan Ocean between the Iranian and Arabian continents consisted of leading and trailing oceanic plates separated by a mid-ocean ridge (MOR). Subduction of the leading plate generated the Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Sanandaj–Sirjan arc, which was ended by MOR–trench collision. The Zagros late Early Cretaceous forearc ophiolites represent the youngest/hottest segments of the leading plate emplaced during the MOR–trench collision. Subsequently, subduction of the MOR generated the forearc basin and basalts with diverse geochemistry. After
c.
60 myr, the cooled trailing plate started to subduct, generating the late Eocene arc basalts. This model has significant implications for investigating and understanding other fossil subduction zones elsewhere in the world.

Supplementary material:
Supplementary material is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6086586
Lofoten Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Norwegian Rifted Margin, Norwegian Sea
Authors: Tsikalas Filippos , Meza-Cala Juan Camilo , Abdelmalak Mohamed Mansour , Faleide Jan Inge , Brekke Harald
Published: July 2022

The Lofoten Rifted Margin is a composite tectono-sedimentary element (CTSE), located offshore northern Norway, and comprises the northernmost part of the Norwegian Sea margin at its transition to the West Barents Sea margin. We refine the late Paleozoic–early Cenozoic evolution of the margin with emphasis on the late Mesozoic–early Cenozoic rift phases, and we provide new and better-refined structural elements for the area. Distinct along-margin segmentation is evident and is imposed by transfer zones/systems that reflect the structural inheritance. These divide the study area into three main margin segments, namely the Lofoten, Vesterålen and Andøya segments, that are accounted for by observed along-margin tectonostratigraphic changes and are briefly viewed in a conjugate margin setting. Confirmed and potential plays within five main reservoir groups are also described and evaluated.
SymListener: Detecting Respiratory Symptoms via Acoustic Sensing in Driving Environments
Authors: Wu Yue , Li Fan , Xie Yadong , Wang Yu , Yang Zheng
Published: July 2022

Sound-related respiratory symptoms are commonly observed in our daily lives. They are closely related to illnesses, infections, or allergies but ignored by the majority. Existing detection methods either depend on specific devices, which are inconvenient to wear, or are sensitive to noises and only work for indoor environment. Considering the lack of monitoring method for in-car environment, where there is high risk of spreading infectious diseases, we propose a smartphone-based system, named SymListener, to detect respiratory symptoms in driving environment. By continuously recording acoustic data through a built-in microphone, SymListener can detect the sounds of cough, sneeze, and sniffle. We design a modified ABSE-based method to remove the strong and changeable driving noises while saving energy of the smartphone. An LSTM network is adopted to classify the three types of symptoms according to the carefully designed acoustic features. We implement SymListener on different Android devices and evaluate its performance in real driving environment. The evaluation results show that SymListener can reliably detect target respiratory symptoms with an average accuracy of 92.19% and an average precision of 90.91%.
Nested Session Types
Authors: Das Ankush , Deyoung Henry , Mordido Andreia , Pfenning Frank
Published: July 2022

Session types statically describe communication protocols between concurrent message-passing processes. Unfortunately, parametric polymorphism even in its restricted prenex form is not fully understood in the context of session types. In this article, we present the metatheory of session types extended with prenex polymorphism and, as a result, nested recursive datatypes. Remarkably, we prove that type equality is decidable by exhibiting a reduction to trace equivalence of deterministic first-order grammars. Recognizing the high theoretical complexity of the latter, we also propose a novel type equality algorithm and prove its soundness. We observe that the algorithm is surprisingly efficient and, despite its incompleteness, sufficient for all our examples. We have implemented our ideas by extending the Rast programming language with nested session types. We conclude with several examples illustrating the expressivity of our enhanced type system.
Robust level-3 BLAS Inverse Iteration from the Hessenberg Matrix
Authors: Schwarz Angelika
Published: July 2022

Inverse iteration is known to be an effective method for computing eigenvectors corresponding to simple and well-separated eigenvalues. In the non-symmetric case, the solution of shifted Hessenberg systems is a central step. Existing inverse iteration solvers approach the solution of the shifted Hessenberg systems with either RQ or LU factorizations and, once factored, solve the corresponding systems. This approach has limited level-3 BLAS potential since distinct shifts have distinct factorizations. This paper rearranges the RQ approach such that data shared between distinct shifts can be exploited. Thereby the backward substitution with the triangular R factor can be expressed mostly with matrix–matrix multiplications (level-3 BLAS). The resulting algorithm computes eigenvectors in a tiled, overflow-free, and task-parallel fashion. The numerical experiments show that the new algorithm outperforms existing inverse iteration solvers for the computation of both real and complex eigenvectors.
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2
BEC
2

: Local Lightweight Bidirectional Encoding and Channel Attention Cascade for Video Frame Interpolation
Authors: Zhang Dengyong , Huang Pu , Ding Xiangling , Li Feng , Zhu Wenjie , Song Yun , Yang Gaobo
Published: July 2022

Video frame interpolation (VFI) is of great importance for many video applications, yet it is still challenging even in the era of deep learning. Some existing VFI models directly exploit existing lightweight network frameworks, thus making synthesized in-between frames blurry and creating artifacts due to imprecise motion representation. The other existing VFI models typically depend on heavy model architectures with a large number of parameters, preventing them from being deployed on small terminals. To address these issues, we propose a local lightweight VFI network (

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2
BEC
2

) that leverages bidirectional encoding structure with channel attention cascade. Specifically, we improve visual quality by introducing a forward and backward encoding structure with channel attention cascade to better characterize motion information. Furthermore, we introduce a local lightweight strategy into the state-of-the-art Adaptive Collaboration of Flows (AdaCoF) model to simplify its model parameters. Compared with the original AdaCoF model, the proposed

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2
BEC
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obtains performance gain at the cost of only one-third of the number of parameters and performs favorably against the state-of-the-art works on public datasets. Our source code is available at
https://github.com/Pumpkin123709/LBEC.git
.
Review—Advances in Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy and Its Applications to Single Cells, Viruses, and Molecules
Authors: Ding Xiaoxi , Cao Yitao , Wang Xue , Lu Xinchao , Huang Chengjun
Published: July 2022

Due to high sensitivity and temporal resolution, surface plasmon resonance microscope (SPRM) has been widely used in biological analysis. In this review, we briefly introduced the principle and setup of SPRM. Applications in label-free biological analysis are also indicated, including fast detection to single cells, exosomes, viruses, and molecules, as well as their dynamic behaviors. The limitations of SPRM are also depicted. The methods to improve the focus drift and low spatial resolution are illustrated. Two newly-developed microscopy techniques based on SPRM, i.e. plasmonic scattering microscope and electrochemical impedance microscope, are also described. Finally, a summary of SPRM technique and a bright future outlook is presented.
A PGM-free Amperometric Sarcosine Biosensor Based on Iron-nitrogen-doped Carbon (Fe–N–C) Materials
Authors: Xiao Wenhuang , Zhao Xiaolin , Lin Luyin , Luo Jian , Yang Haipeng
Published: July 2022

Sarcosine has been discovered as a better potential biomarker for Prostate cancer (PCa). Though many high-performance amperometric sarcosine biosensors have been reported, it is still difficult to accurately detect sarcosine because of the extremely low concentration and the presence of many electroactive interferents in human serum or urine. Since most of the reported sarcosine biosensors use platinum group metals (PGM) as catalysts, it is meaningful to explore other catalysts with higher catalytic activity. Metal-nitrogen-doped carbon (M–N–C) materials are considered as alternatives to precious metals. In this study, iron doped zeolitic-imidazolate-framework-8 (ZIF-8) composites were synthesized and calcined to obtain an Iron-nitrogen-doped Carbon (Fe–N–C) material, which has excellent catalytic activity. The sensitivity of the Fe–N–C modified sarcosine biosensor is 16.5 μA mM−1, (234.2 μA mM−1 cm−2), which is the highest one in recent reported works. It has a low limit of detection (LOD, 0.7 μM, S/N = 3), and an appropriate linear detection range of 2–37 μM. This work provides a new approach to prepare high performance sarcosine biosensors by improving the catalytic activity of the modifier of the sensor. It has great potential to be used as portable devices for the rapid detection of PCa.