bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering Properties of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Ternary Blend Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Sathish Kumar V. , Ganesan N. , Indira P. V.
Published: August 2021

The primary aim of this research is to find an alternative for Portland cement using inorganic geopolymers. This study investigated the effect of steel and polypropylene fibres hybridisation on ternary blend geopolymer concrete (TGPC) engineering properties using fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and metakaolin as the source materials. The properties like compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of ternary blend geopolymer concrete. The standard tests were conducted on TGPC with steel fibres, polypropylene fibres and a combination of steel and polypropylene fibres in hybrid form. A total number of 45 specimens were tested and compared to determine each property. The grade of concrete considered was M55. The variables studied were the volume fraction of fibres, viz. steel fibres (0%, 0.5% and 1%) and polypropylene fibres (0%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% and 0.25%). The experimental results reveal that the addition of fibres in a hybrid form enhances the mechanical properties of TGPC. The increase in the compressive strength was nominal, and a significant improvement was observed in splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity. Also, an attempt to obtain the relation between the different engineering properties was made with different volume fractions of fibre.
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Laminated Composites with Multi-Scale Reinforcements
Authors: Yesmin Nilufar , Chalivendra Vijaya
Published: August 2021

In this study, an experimental investigation has been performed to understand the electromagnetic interference-shielding effectiveness (EMI-SE) of glass fiber/epoxy laminated composites embedded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, reinforced with micro carbon fibers along the thickness direction. Micro carbon fibers were reinforced along the thickness direction between the laminates using an electro-flocking process and a vacuum infusion process used to fabricate the composites. The EMI-SE of the composites was measured in the X-band frequency range (8–12 GHz). The effect of carbon fibers of three different lengths (80 µm, 150 µm, and 350 µm) with two different fiber densities (1000 and 2000 fibers/mm2) and two different amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (0.5 and 1 wt.%) on total SE, absorption, and reflection was investigated. Due to the synergetic effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, CNTs, and carbon fibers, the final EMI shielding of the composites was mainly dominated by the absorption process. The absorption was more pronounced in the composites of longer carbon fibers with improved electrical conductivity. The presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles also enhanced total SE values with improved magnetic permeability. The composite with micro carbon fibers of 350 µm length and 2000 fibers/mm2 density with 1 wt.% of Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed the maximum value of total SE.
Oxide Bioceramic Composites in Orthopedics and Dentistry
Authors: Piconi Corrado , Sprio Simone
Published: August 2021

Ceramic composites based on alumina and zirconia have found a wide field of application in the present century in orthopedic joint replacements, and their use in dentistry is spreading. The development of this class of bioceramic composites was started in the 1980s, but the first clinical applications of the total hip replacement joint were introduced in the market only in the early 2000s. Since then, several composite systems were introduced in joint replacements. These materials are classified as Zirconia-Toughened Alumina if alumina is the main component or as Alumina-Toughened Zirconia when zirconia is the main component. In addition, some of them may contain a third phase based on strontium exa-aluminate. The flexibility in device design due to the excellent mechanical behavior of this class of bioceramics results in a number of innovative devices for joint replacements in the hip, the knee, and the shoulder, as well in dental implants. This paper gives an overview of the different materials available and on orthopedic and dental devices made out of oxide bioceramic composites today on the market or under development.
Fungi Sensitization in Spain: Importance of the Alternaria alternata Species and Its Major Allergen Alt a 1 in the Allergenicity
Authors: López Couso Verónica P. , Tortajada-Girbés Miguel , Rodriguez Gil David , Martínez Quesada Jorge , Palacios Pelaez Ricardo
Published: August 2021

Prevalence of allergy to fungi is around 3–10%. The most prevalent species involved in sensitizations are Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium herbarum, and Penicillium notatum. Our main objective was to estimate the prevalence of fungal sensitization and its variation across Spain. Following the ICH-GCP, we recruited 1156 patients from 15 allergy departments in Spain. Hospitals were selected by bioclimatic areas. Patients underwent a skin prick test (SPT) with fungi, pollens, house dust mites, and animal dander. Specific IgE to Alternaria alternata and Alt a 1 was assessed in patients with positive SPT to fungi. Of the 233 patients (20.2%) sensitized to at least one of the five fungi tested, 162 (69.5%) were sensitized to Alternaria alternata and Alt a 1, of whom 113 (69.8%) were children; 181 (77.7%) were also polysensitized to other allergens. Alternaria alternata and Alt a 1 sensitization was present in 25.4% of patients in the Continental area, 12.0% in the Mediterranean area, 7.0% in the Semidesertic area, and 2.3% in the Oceanic area. Prevalence of sensitization to the other tested sources was 63.8% to pollens, 60.5% to house dust mite, and 38.1% to animal dander. We concluded that the prevalence of fungal allergy is increasing. Fungi are still the fourth source of allergen sensitization. Alternaria alternata sensitization is the most prevalent in allergic patients to fungi. Alt a 1 is present in almost 90% of the patients sensitized to Alternaria alternata.
P4-medicine in the resort spa treatment of patients after acute circulatory disorders
Authors: Minenko Inessa Anatolievna , Shakhmatova S. A.
Published: August 2021

The formation of the basis for personalized medicine of the future should be based on the prognostic and preventive principles of medicine. The article presents an overview of the information on the method and application of the CME (complex medical expert) analysis. The features of the method, the object domain of its application, its task and methodology are described. The scheme of the options used to increase the efficiency of the method is of interest. The strengths and the shortcomings of the CME analysis noted by experts in the field of its application are given. Results. The authors propose an innovative technology for using the CME model to develop personalized forecasting, preservation, development, and management of health. The advantages of the technology and the urgency of its application are revealed. The new technology is based on the provisions of the development of the theory of the essential adaptation. To ensure the health state, the level of functioning of body systems must be consistent with the optimality, namely with the response norms, which determine the individual phenotype. In the process of the organism adaptation to the conditions of the external environment, the central nervous system and the significant body system (the system with the maximum response norm), which determine the specific and nonspecific responses of the organism, respectively, will be especially active (it is a known fact). Discussion. Dominant systems can actively involve other body systems in the adaptation process by the principle of interaction with them, increasing or decreasing their activity. Taking into account the direction of interaction (inhibition, toning), this fact becomes important for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases, their targeted prevention, and treatment. A comprehensive record of the mechanisms of the formation of a specific and nonspecific reaction is used with the aim of identifying and effectively preventing functional disorders in the body. The CME technology of personalized forecasting, preservation, development and health management eliminates the main drawbacks of CME analysis. On the other hand, the CME analysis technology helps to expand the range of its application, depending on the opportunities and threats of the environment. Conclusion. The presented approach will make it possible to optimally use the human potential to maintain a high quality of life and active longevity.
Clinical and immunological and microbiological effectiveness of the use of recombinant interleukin 2 in the complex therapy of bacterial meningitis
Authors: Gizinger O.A.
Published: August 2021

The article shows the scheme of complex therapy of bacterial meningitis using the recombinant cytokine interleukin 2. The clinical, immunological and microbiological efficacy of the use of recombinant interleukin 2 in the complex therapy of bacterial meningitis is shown. The biological effects of recombinant IL-2 justify its use in the complex therapy of meningitis due to its influence on the activity of metabolic processes at the cellular and subcellular levels, the ability to stabilize the system of lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, to influence the processes of clonal proliferation and differentiation of T- and B-lymphocytes improving the quality of the therapy.
Features of the immunological profile in various phenotypes of occupational bronchial asthma
Authors: Babanov S.A. , Baykova A. G.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Occupational asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease. Development of personalized treatment and prevention tactics becomes feasible due to phenotyping, which means identifying of markers to combine cases of occupational asthma with similar manifestations (clinical, instrumental, laboratory) and prognosis to phenotypes. The study aims to determination and comparative analysis of spirographic and immunological parameters for different phenotypes of occupational asthma. Materials and methods. In this study, we included 170 patients with different phenotypes of occupational asthma and 50 participants in control group. The spirographic examination was performed using computer spirograph with determination of the following parameters: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume during the first second (FEV1), Tiffeneau-Pinelli index (FEV1/FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal expiratory flow at 75 %, 50 %, 25 % of the forced vital capacity (MEF75 %VC, MEF50 %VC, MEF25 %VC). Quantification of the immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, and IgG in human serum was conducted by Mancini method; levels of IgE, C-reactive protein and fibronectin were determined using a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Fibrinogen concentration in plasma was measured by an automatic coagulometer. Haptoglobin concentration in serum was determined by spectrophotometry. Results. According to spirometry and laboratory results obtained, there is a strong evidence, that the phenotype «occupational asthma — occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease» has the lowest values in pulmonary function tests and the most significant changes in immunoglobulins, fibronectin and acute phase proteins levels among other studied phenotypes of occupational asthma.
Measurement of payments to personnel in the Russian and International accounting of state institutions
Authors: Druzhilovskaya Emilia Sergeevna
Published: August 2021

Relatively recently, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation approved the Federal Public Finance Accounting Standard “Payments to personnel” (hereinafter — FPFAS PP). This standard contains rules for measurement of payments to personnel of public institutions, including health care institutions. Due to the fact that the FPFAS PP has been applied since this year, it is currently especially important to explore the above rules in detail. At the same time, in view of the fact that when improving the Russian accounting of state institutions, the regulation of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as IPSASB) continues to be taken into account, it is also relevant to analyze the relevant international regulations on the measurement of payments to personnel and determine their relationship with the requirements of the domestic FPFAS PP. This article is devoted to the research of the above issues. During the research, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping method, analogy method, logical approach, and systematic approach. As a result of the research carried out, the article focuses on the fundamental issues of measurement of payments to personnel in the Russian and International accounting of state institutions (including health care institutions), carried out their comparative analysis and identified the possibilities of improving the domestic rules for measurement of payments to personnel.
Recommendations for the recognition, diagnosis, and management of long COVID: a Delphi study
Authors: Nurek Martine , Rayner Clare , Freyer Anette , Taylor Sharon , Järte Linn , MacDermott Nathalie , Delaney Brendan C
Published: August 2021

Background

In the absence of research into therapies and care pathways for long COVID, guidance based on ‘emerging experience’ is needed.

Aim

To provide a rapid expert guide for GPs and long COVID clinical services.

Design and setting

A Delphi study was conducted with a panel of primary and secondary care doctors.

Method

Recommendations were generated relating to the investigation and management of long COVID. These were distributed online to a panel of UK doctors (any specialty) with an interest in, lived experience of, and/or experience treating long COVID. Over two rounds of Delphi testing, panellists indicated their agreement with each recommendation (using a five-point Likert scale) and provided comments. Recommendations eliciting a response of ‘strongly agree’, ‘agree’, or ‘neither agree nor disagree’ from 90% or more of responders were taken as showing consensus.

Results

Thirty-three clinicians representing 14 specialties reached consensus on 35 recommendations. Chiefly, GPs should consider long COVID in the presence of a wide range of presenting features (not limited to fatigue and breathlessness) and exclude differential diagnoses where appropriate. Detailed history and examination with baseline investigations should be conducted in primary care. Indications for further investigation and specific therapies (for myocarditis, postural tachycardia syndrome, mast cell disorder) include hypoxia/desaturation, chest pain, palpitations, and histamine-related symptoms. Rehabilitation should be individualised, with careful activity pacing (to avoid relapse) and multidisciplinary support.

Conclusion

Long COVID clinics should operate as part of an integrated care system, with GPs playing a key role in the multidisciplinary team. Holistic care pathways, investigation of specific complications, management of potential symptom clusters, and tailored rehabilitation are needed.
Induction of Triploidy in Indian Edible Oyster Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston) Using 6-Dimethylaminopurine
Authors: THOMAS P.C. , MALLIA J.V. , MUTHIAH P.
Published: August 2021

Triploidy was induced in the Indian edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis, by treating the newly fertilized eggs with 6-Dimethylaminopurine.The effect of different concentrations and durations of treatment on triploidy induction and survival of embryos were examined. The optimum condition was found to be 100 µM concentration of 6-DMAP for 8 minutes when 50% of the freshly fertilized eggs have extruded the first polar bodies. This yielded 67±1.7 % of triploid on the first day and 62±1.5% on the D-stage larvae as determined by examination of the metaphase chromosomes. Survivability among the different treatment groups at D stage were not significantly different. This is the first demonstration of induction of triploidy in Crassostrea madrasensis using 6-DMAP and since edible oyster farming is becoming increasingly popular in India, application of this technique in the production of culture stock assumes importance
A Comparison of Catches and Bycatches from Three Non-trawl Penaeid-Fishing Gears Used in an Australian Estuary
Authors: GRAY CHARLES A. , YOUNG DAMIAN J. , BROADHURST MATT K.
Published: August 2021

The catches and bycatches from stow and trap nets and seines used by commercial fishers in Lake Illawarra, southeastern Australia, were assessed via an observer-based sampling program during the 1999/2000 fishing season. Observed retained catches included Penaeus plebejus, Metapenaeus macleayi and M. bennettae, while bycatches comprised a total of 48 species of teleosts and 9 species of invertebrate. Average daily catches and bycatches were greatest in stow nets and least in trap nets. Bycatch composition varied greatly among gear types and for trap nets, between the 1st and 2nd half of the fishing season. Gerres subfasciatus, Acanthopagrus australis, Portunus pelagicus and Sillago maculata were numerically most abundant in seines, Centropogon australis, Pomatomus saltatrix and Loligo sp. in stow nets and G. subfasciatus, Loligo sp., Hyporhamphus regularis and C. australis in trap nets. Trap and stow nets accounted for greatest (80%) and least (2%) reported fishing effort, respectively. Trap nets accounted for 82% of the estimated total penaeid catch and 69% of estimated total bycatch during the fishing season. The results are discussed in terms of differences in the selection mechanisms and spatial and temporal operations of the 3 gears and consequences for sustainable and environmentally-responsible fishing.
Effect of Squillameal on the Growth and Nutritive Value of Labeo rohita (Ham)
Authors: RAO L.M. , KUMAR K. SATISH
Published: August 2021

It has been well established that animal protein performs better than plant protein in the growth and nutritive value of cultivable fish. By far the most suitable animal protein for incorporation into fish diets is fish meal. Fish meal is almost always made from marine fish, and can be based on the by-catches or a product of a specific fishery (De Silva and Anderson, 1995). Squilla species, a marine stomatopod generally called as mantis shrimp, is found in abundance along the Indian coast. The fine powder obtained from grinding the whole body of sun dried squilla species is known as squillameal, which has an excellent nutritive value. Taking this into consideration, it has been proposed to evaluate the suitability of incorporation of squilla meal as animal protein, in the traditional feed (rice bran and groundnut oil cake mixture) of Labeo rohita. For this purpose experiments have been conducted on the fingerlings (of an average weight of 5.33±0.13g) of L. rohita, for 90 days in the laboratory with 35% protein level traditional feed as control diet and 35%and 40% protein level feeds, formulated with squilla meal, as test diets. All the ingredients of these diets have been sieved, steam cooked after through mixing with water, pelletized with the help of a pellet mill and then dried in a hot air oven with blower at about 50o C. The dry pellets of these diets have been used to feed the experimental fingerlings of L. rohita to study the Absolute growth, Specific growth rate (S.G.R), Food conversion ratio (F.C.R), Protein efficiency ratio (P.E.R), and Apparent protein digestibility (A.P.D). The observations revealed that the performance of both the test diets formulated with squilla meal, is far superior to that of the control diet. However, from among the two formulated diets, the one with 35% of animal protein performed better in every respect. Proximate analyses of all the three diets and fish flesh have been carried out to evaluate the relative performance of the two animal protein incorporated artificial diets. The details are dealt in the present paper.
Development of Chutney Powder from Spider Conch, Lambis lambis (Linne, 1758)
Authors: RENITTA R. E. , GNANAMBAL K. M. E. , PATTERSON J.
Published: August 2021

The spider conch, Lambis lambis is one of the important fishery resources in the Vellapatti Village, Tuticorin, Southeast Coast of India. These conches land as by catches from crab nets (a modified bottom set gill net). The meat of gastropods is considered as a delicacy, rich in protein and the fat content is very low. Only a small section of the fisher folk consume its flesh, as it is less popular among the coastal fisher folk. For the utilization of this meat, chutney powder (a side dish for Idli or Dhosai in South India) was prepared from the meat. Biochemical, microbiological and sensory analyses were made to assess the shelf life for a period of four months. The meat had a protein content of 5.2%, 0.5% of carbohydrate and lipid content of 1%. The shelf life assessment of the chutney powder for a period of four months was carried out and it was found out that the product was good until the end of the assessment period. Even the TMA and TVB levels were found to be within the limits (10.8 mg per 100g and 18.36 mg per 100g, respectively). The present work reveals that the chutney powder is microbiologically and organoleptically good until the end of the storage period and safe for human consumption.
Perceptions of Marketing & Digital Transformationin Greek Public Higher Education Organizations in the Context of Digital Darwinism
Authors: Makrydakis Nektarios
Published: August 2021

Objective: Marketing and digital transformation in the public institutions of higher education in Greece, have key role in the context of the digital revolution. The study aimed at investigating the perceptions and views explicitly or implicitly of the management of Greek public universities regarding the need to adopt new practices such as marketing and its digital transformation and to find out the factors that shape perceptions. Research Design & Methods: The study adopted a quantitative method conducting in-depth interviews with rectors and vice-rectors of 10 representative Greek Universities. Findings: Results indicated that administrators believe that marketing and its digital transformation have great impact in attracting students and that the duration of the operating time of a university is directly related to the formation of perceptions about marketing and digital transformation in the context of Digital Darwinism. Implications & Recommendations: Universities will be able to understand the extent of their reaction to the adoption of new applications such as marketing. Contribution & Value Added: The present study is primarily a useful tool for public university administrations in their efforts to adopt marketing practices to understand which areas to focus on in order to effectively implement marketing and its digital transformation. The study also provides them with the tools to easily recognize their degree of maturity in terms of their culture and perceptions towards the application of marketing practices. In addition the study enriches the literature on the management field of higher education institutions. It highlights factors such as the duration of operation, the geographical location and the size of a university compared to administrative practices.
Kepemimpinan Kyai dan Perubahan Konsep Pondok Pesantren Pada Pesantren Taâ€™mirul Islam Surakarta
Authors: Mustaâ€™an Mustaâ€™an , Sari Muhammad Dian Rifai
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan, menganalisa serta menelaah secara mendalam kepemimpinan kyai untuk melakukan perubahanÂ  pondok pesantrenÂ  dengan melihat konsep perubahan pondok pesantren Taâ€™mirul Islam Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif phenomenology. Pendekatan ini dipilih karena dalam penelitian ini peneliti akan mendiskripsian secara rinci serta mendalam mengenai gambaran kondisi yang sebenarnya terjadi di lapangan. Data kualitatif diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, observasi kelas dan dokumen.Â  Sumber dan teknik triangulations digunakan untuk mendapatkan kepercayaan dari data ini. Selanjutnya, Flowchart Model yang diusulkan oleh Miles dan Huberman diterapkan dalam hasil study. Hasil penelitian, maka ditemukan bahwa: (1). Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menemukan konsep kepemimpinan kyai dalam melakukan perubahan di situs pondok pesantren Al-Muayyad dan Taâ€™mirul Islam Surakarta meliputi beberapa hal yaitu; Pembaharuan visi dan misi, perubahan kurikulum, Perubahan Isi/subtansi, perubahan metode pendidikan, perubahan kelembagaan dan perubahan tenaga pengajar/ustadz dan ustadzah. Temuan formal pada penelitian ini adalah Kyai dalam melakukan perubahan pada model pondok pesantren yang meliputi; changing structure (kelembagaan, kurikulum, subtansi), changing technology (perubahan metode pendidikan, sarana dan prasarana), changing people (visi-misi dan tenaga pendidikan).
On-Surface Bottom-Up Construction of COF Nanoshells towards Photocatalytic H
2
Production
Authors: Chen Yao , Yang Dong , Gao Yuchen , Li Runlai , An Ke , Wang Wenjing , Zhao Zhanfeng , Xin Xin , Ren Hanjie , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: August 2021

The rational design of an outer shell is of great significance to promote the photocatalytic efficiency of core-shell structured photocatalysts. Herein, a covalent organic framework (COF) nanoshell was designed and deposited on the cadmium sulfide (CdS) core surface. A typical COF material, TPPA, featuring exceptional stability, was synthesized through interfacial polymerization using 1, 3, 5-triformylphloroglucinol (TP) and p-phenylenediamine (PA) as monomers. The nanoshell endows the CdS@TPPA nanosphere with ordered channels for unimpeded light-harvesting and fast diffusion of reactants/products and well-defined modular building blocks for spatially charge separation. Moreover, the heterojunction formed between CdS and TPPA can further facilitate the effective charge separation at the interface
via
lower exciton binding energy compared with that of pristine TPPA. By modulating the thickness of TPPA nanoshell, the CdS@TPPA nanosphere photocatalyst with the nanoshell thickness of about

8
±
1
 
nm

exhibits the highest photocatalytic H
2
evolution of 194.1 
μ
mol h
-1
(24.3 mmol g
-1
 h
-1
, 8 mg), which is superior to most of the reported COF-based photocatalysts. The framework nanoshell in this work may stimulate the thinking about how to design advanced shell architecture in the core-shell structured photocatalysts to achieve coordinated charge and molecule transport.
Competencias digitales docentes en época de emergencia sanitaria: necesidades y oportunidades para estudiantes de educación secundaria en Lambayeque
Authors: Centurion Larrea Angel Johel
Published: August 2021

El estudio analiza el desarrollo de las competencias digitales docentes DDC en el periodo de emergencia sanitaria por covid-19 durante el año 2020, distinguiendo entre el efecto inicial, las estrategias de respuesta luego del primer momento y las tareas a tomar en cuenta para el año escolar 2021. El trabajo incluyó a docentes de 12 instituciones educativas de Lambayeque. Se aplicaron instrumentos como la encuesta, entrevistas a profundidad y grupos focales. Entre los resultados más relevantes se encuentran la presencia de experiencias muy innovadoras que han seguido a la frustración y preocupación inicial en el nuevo escenario condicionado por la tecnología, además, que el desarrollo de la CCD varía según se trate del tipo de institución, la zona geográfica, el involucramiento de los familiares, el acceso a la tecnología y el nivel de comunicación institucional que favorezca el trabajo colegiado. No obstante, se reconoce la labor docente para hacer frente a los factores condicionantes, sobre todo los económicos, emocionales y sociales. En cuanto a la tecnología se expresa heterogeneidades en nivel de brecha de acceso, dominio y dominio efectivo de la misma, se reconoce la necesidad de trabajar mucho más en la retroalimentación efectiva a partir de un mejor control del accionar del estudiante y sus familias. En líneas generales se demanda de un plan integral de formación docente en competencias digitales que contemple las distintas esferas que condicionan el proceso, demandando del Estado un mayor compromiso para favorecer el cumplimiento de las metas estipuladas para la educación secundaria.
Sistema de partidos en Costa Rica en el periodo 1986-2018: del bipartidismo al multipartidismo
Authors: Carlos Cuitiño Burone
Published: August 2021

Analiza y describe la evolución del sistema de partidos en Costa Rica, y explora sus principales características durante el periodo 1986-2018. En una primera sección se presenta brevemente el escenario previo hasta 1986 y en una segunda se esquematiza el sistema electoral que ordena el proceso democrático en el país. Por último, se presenta el análisis del estudio del periodo seleccionado.
Nuestros monstruos y fantasmas constitucionales: reseña de La derrota del derecho en América Latina, siete tesis de R. Gargarella
Authors: Alejandro Guevara Arroyo
Published: August 2021

Reseña la reciente obra del filósofo y constitucionalista Roberto Gargarella intitulado La derrota del derecho en América Latina, siete tesis. Este libro trata de la estructura constitucional y el trasfondo filosófico que determinan ciertas condiciones habituales en nuestros sistemas políticos: la crónica molestia ciudadana con la política y la problemática automatización de las élites políticas.
El Internet como nuevo actor en los procesos electorales
Authors: Wagner Ugarte Reyes
Published: August 2021

En el contexto de la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento, el uso de internet y las nuevas tecnologías generan cambios individuales y estructurales que repercuten en la configuración de la sociedad y las instituciones del Estado. El objetivo de la investigación es puntualizar en la incidencia de internet en los procesos electorales costarricenses. Para cumplir ese propósito, se analizan estudios internacionales y nacionales, legislación y jurisprudencia reciente de la Sala Constitucional y del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. Las conclusiones muestran que, en un lapso muy corto, la red modificó la forma de hacer política en las democracias modernas.
Health in the Perception of Russians and Real Medical Practices
Authors: Pokida AN , Zybunovskaya NV
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Maintaining and strengthening health of the population is a priority national task. Currently, this problem, in the context of changing social reality associated with the pandemic of COVID-19, is gaining special relevance. Previous studies have demonstrated that lifestyle and concern with own health have a major impact on human health status.
The objective of our study was to analyze self-rated health status of Russian people and their attitude to health issues, including practical attitude to medical care and self-medication.
Methods. The article is based on the results of a sociological research of behavioral practices of the population within self-preservation behavior. The main source of empirical information was the all-Russian sociological survey of the population representing various socio-demographic groups.
Results. The study reveals an increase in the positive perception of own health by the population over the past two decades. At the same time, citizens suffer from a wide range of diseases naturally affecting their self-rated health status. The situation is further aggravated by unfavorable social and psychological well-being caused, inter alia, by the pandemic and related challenges. Despite an increasing demand for qualified medical care for diseases, self-medication remains widespread and may have a negative health effect attributed to the uncontrolled drug use practiced by the respondents. Health maintenance practices of the population are largely related to the income and the lack of subspecialists, especially in rural or remote areas.
Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate the need to improve access to medical care and medical literacy of citizens and to expand incentives for self-preservation and health promotion.
The Problem of DNA/RNA Contamination in the Laboratory during
PCR Testing for COVID-19
Authors: Volynkina AS , Ryazanova AG , Rusanova DV , Kulichenko AN
Published: August 2021

Introduction. When conducting PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing of biospecimens for SARS-CoV-2 RNA at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the laboratory service in Russia and foreign countries encountered problems related to the accuracy of diagnostics and obtaining false negative, false positive, and dubious results.
The objective of this work was to analyze current literature on the problem of false positive and dubious results of RT-PCR testing for COVID-19.
Material and methods. We selected Russian and foreign English-language publications devoted to organization of laboratory diagnostics of the novel coronavirus disease, challenges of PCR testing for SARS and MERS, and general issues of DNA contamination in a PCR laboratory for 2012–2020. We also reviewed current regulations and guidelines for COVID-19 diagnostic
testing.
Results. The analysis of factors leading to contamination of specimens with nucleic acids in the laboratories performing massive COVID-19 PCR testing during the pandemic showed that the main reasons for contamination included a large number of tests, accumulation of samples in the laboratory, and the increased amount of wastes containing amplification products. Cross-contamination occurs due to technical errors in the course of laboratory manipulations at the stages of sample preparation and inactivation, RNA isolation, and addition of cDNA/RNA or positive control samples to the reaction mixture. Pollution of laboratory working areas with amplicons arising from the opening of tubes and plates containing PCR products is the main cause of total contamination in the laboratory. Signs of cross-contamination include the increase in the proportion of positive samples with low threshold cycle values and detection of a positive signal from negative control samples at RNA isolation and amplification stages. A positive result for all samples in a round, including negative control samples, is a marker of “total contamination” in the laboratory. In addition to contamination, formation of nonspecific PCR products at late reaction cycles and nonspecific fluorescence of the reaction mixture, which occurs when reagent storage temperatures are not observed, may also lead to false positive results.
Conclusion. To prevent contamination in a PCR laboratory, strict control over the flow of test samples and medical wastes, regular analysis of the frequency of positive test results, and mandatory laboratory quality control of testing and DNA/RNA contamination are compulsory.
Socio-Religious Preferences of the Indonesian Youths in Digital and Everyday Life
Authors: Burhanuddin Agussalaim , Yani Andi Ahmad , Hans Amril , Hidayat Andi Rahmat , Pudai Muhammad
Published: August 2021

The life of youths cannot be separated from the constant use of social media. While this online platform helps young people to connect globally and instantly, it can also manifest as a medium of intolerant and radical expressions. This study is a quantitative research that aims to map aspects and assess the degree of socio-religious intolerance of the Indonesian Centennials in their everyday lives and on social media by using a survey as the data collection method. This study found out that Indonesian Centennials are relatively tolerant toward other social groups in terms of race, ethnicities, and religious beliefs, except toward the people of LGBT. The racial prejudice among young Indonesians against the Chinese minority still exists, but it is not as prevalent as in Suharto's era. The results also show that there is a strong correlation between the Centennials' attitudes in their real world and cyberspace, as their social preference and attitudes on social media are identical to those in the real life.
Performance Small Spark Ignition Engine Using Producer Gas From Coal Gasification: Dual Fuel Operation
Authors: Vidian Fajri , Kholis Abdul
Published: August 2021

This study proposed a dual fuel operation of a mix of gasoline and producer gas from coal gasification on the spark ignition engine. The experiment was carried out on a constant load with variations in speed for single fuel operation of gasoline and dual fuel operation of a mix of gasoline and producer gas to see the influence on speed, torque, power, and braking (effective pressure). The power produced was compared to power produced by the single fuel of producer gas that has been reported in the literature. The result shows an increase of speed would increase torque, power, and braking (effective pressure) for single fuel operation of gasoline and dual fuel operation of a mix of gasoline and producer gas. The power operation of dual fuel of a mix of and gasoline and producer gas will decrease by about 10.9% compared to operation of single fuel of gasoline, and the power operation of the single fuel of producer gas will decrease by about 20% compared to the operation of the single fuel of gasoline. The maximum shaft power produced by dual fuel operation is 1.49 kW at a load of 5 kg and a speed of about 3,500 rpm.
Determination of Stage Discharge Rating Curve at Sungai Batang Melaka
Authors: Zakariah Ridzwan Bin , Othman Norzila Binti , Yusoff Mohd Azlan bin Mohd , Altowayti Wahid Ali Hamood
Published: August 2021

The river is a natural source of water with distinctive hydraulic features. The hydraulic characteristic is a factor in morphology changes. The article describes a determination of a stage discharge rating curve at Sungai Batang Melaka that has been developed for the first time. The stage discharge rating curve is used to determine whether the rivers of this area are the cause of floods that have occurred in Malacca. Based on data collection for width and depth at four locations, enabling to evaluate and analysis the data of each cross-section for Sungai Batang Melaka. By observing the river velocity, the condition of the river flow in the area will be obtained. The two-point method and mid-section method is used to measure the flow rates in the rivers. Following the calculation using Chezy-Manning’s equation, the authors research shows that this river produces a good stage discharge rating curve. Overall, a stage discharge rating curve for each location shows it is associated with gradation and degradation rates. From the findings, the outflow, storage capacity, and discharge rating curve in Sungai Batang Melaka were successfully obtained. It will benefit future studies, especially in facilitating measures to be taken to avoid flash floods that keep occurring in Malacca.
Application of Computer-Aided Reverse Engineering System in the Design of Orthotic Boots for Clubfoot Patients
Authors: Fergiawan P.K. , Anggoro P.W. , Ismail Rifky , Jamari J. , Bayuseno A.P.
Published: August 2021

Clubfoot is an abnormal foot as a congenital disability in which one or both feet appear rotated inward and downward. In some cases, the foot and leg sizes may be smaller compared to each other. Accordingly, there is a need for customized shoes designed for clubfoot patients who has difficulty in wearing regular shoes to carry out their daily activities. This study examines using computer-aided reverse engineering system technology to design and manufacture customized boots with specific sizes and shapes. Reverse engineering with a handy scan 3D scanning tool with a tolerance of 0.001 mm was implemented to obtain 3D mesh data of the patient’s clubfoot (male with 65 years). The Curve Base Surface Modeling method provided 3D-CAD drawings of the insole and shoe, the last models, precisely and following the size and shape of the patient’s foot. This CAD data could be appropriately transferred to CNC machines and PowerMill CAM software to obtain patterns of insole and shoe-last from EVA foam rubber and wood. Both ways were well fitted with leather by a shoemaker into a pair of customized clubfoot boots. The field boot-wearing test used feedback from the clubfoot patient wear-testers to assess the functionality and acceptability of the boot products. In this way, the club foot patient can able to perceive wearing comfortably and perfectly. In the field boot-wearing test, the patient could walk at a speed of 83.1% -91.7% faster (2 - 5 minutes/foot) than that when the patient wears the old boot design model. Significantly, the present approach may add knowledge theoretically and practically to use CARE system-based technology in treating clubfoot patients with the need for custom shoes.
A Robust Hand Silhouette Orientation Detection Method for Hand Gesture Recognition
Authors: Sunyoto Andi
Published: August 2021

The computer vision approach is most widely used for research related to hand gesture recognition. The detection of the image orientation has been discovered to be one of the keys to determine its success. The degree of freedom for a hand determines the shape and orientation of a gesture, which further causes a problem in the recognition methods. This article proposed evaluating orientation detection for silhouette static hand gestures with different poses and orientations without considering the forearm. The longest chord and ellipse were the two popular methods compared. The angles formed from two wrist points were selected as ground truth data and calculated from the horizontal axis. The performance was analyzed using the error values obtained from the difference in ground truth data angles compared to the method's results. The method has errors closer to zero that were rated better. Moreover, the method was evaluated using 1187 images, divided into four groups based on the forearm presence, and the results showed its effect on orientation detection. It was also discovered that the ellipse method was better than the longest chord. This study's results are used to select hand gesture orientation detection to increase accuracy in the hand gesture recognition process.
Analysis Of Types Of Carotenoid Pigments In Crab Sesarmops sp From Manado By Coast
Authors: Adrian Melinda Margareta , Paransa Darus S. J , Paulus James J. H , Kawung Nickson J. , Bara Robert A. , Kepel Rene Ch.
Published: August 2021

Carotenoid pigments are a group of pigments that are yellow, orange, and red-orange in color. Pigments are natural dyes found in plants and animals, extracts of carotenoid pigments can be separated by chromatographic methods where the common chromatographic methods in determining the type of pigment are Column Chromatography (CC) and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The purpose of this study was to determine the types of pigments contained in the carapace extract of the male crab Sesarmops sp. The Sesarmops sp crab has a brown dorsal carapace with blackish-brown leg spots known as mangrove crabs. Crabs in the Sesarmidae family have a carapace formation and wide legs, do not have swimming legs, and have a pair of claws that are faded purple, the presence of these colors can be identified as containing carotenoid pigments. The results of this study obtained the content of carotenoid pigment 25.2 g/gr and the value of the concentration of carotenoid pigment in the male crab extract Sesarmops sp 10.99 g. The results of the separation of the total pigment extract using column chromatography obtained the types of pigments -carotene, Ekinenon, Zeaxanthin, and Astaxanthin. Keywords: Column Chromatography (CC); Carotenoids; Sesarmops sp                                                                       AbstrakPigmen karotenoid adalah sekelompok pigmen yang berwarna kuning, oranye dan merah oranye. Pigmen adalah zat warna alami yang terdapat pada tumbuhan  dan hewan, ekstrak pigmen karotenoid dapat dipisahkan dengan metode kromatografi yang dimana metode kromatografi umum dalam menentukan jenis pigmen adalah Kromatografi Kolom (KK) dan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis pigmen apa saja yang terdapar pada ekstrak karapas kepiting jantan Sesarmops sp. Kepiting Sesarmops sp memiliki karapas dorsal bewarna coklat dengan bintik kaki coklat kehitaman yang dikenal sebagai kepiting mangrove. Kepiting dalam keluarga sesarmidae memiliki bentukan karapas dan kaki yang lebar tidak memiliki kaki renang serta memiliki sepasang capit berwarna ungu pudar, adanya warna tersebut kepiting dapat diidentikasikan mengandung jenis pigmen karotenoid.  Dari hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan kandungan pigmen karotenoid 25,2 dan nilai konsentrasi pigmen karotenoid pada ekstrak kepiting jantan Sesarmops sp 10,99 . Hasil pemisahan dari ekstrak pigmen total menggunakan kromatografi kolom didapatkan jenis pigmen β-karoten, Ekinenon, Zeaxantin dan Astaxantin
Derivati dei nomi dei mesi (Agosto)
Authors: Francalanci Lucia
Published: August 2021

Dopo le schede dedicate ai derivati di gennaio, febbraio, marzo, aprile, maggio, giugno e luglio, continuiamo la pubblicazione della nostra rubrica con la scheda relativa ad agosto. Per le informazioni generali e la bibliografia si rimanda all'Introduzione.
Konsep Pendidikan Islam Menurut Ibnu Sina dan Ibnu Qayyim Al Jauziyyah
Authors: Ansari Ansari , Qomarudin Ahmad
Published: August 2021

This study aims to describe the concept of Islamic education thought by Ibn Sina and Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah. The development of Islamic education thinking is important to improve and develop the quality of Islamic education in schools so that they can compete at the international level. The research method is descriptive qualitative and the data collection technique is a library study. The results of this study illustrate that there are fundamental differences from the concept of Islamic education thought both initiated by Ibn Sina and Ibn Qayyim, Ibn Sina's own thoughts are more inclined to the application of knowledge that is adapted to the age level of the child, while Ibn Qayyim's thinking is more inclined to inculcating values ​​of faith and the use of reason to develop children's thinking horizons. However, the thoughts of the two Muslim figures can still be used as a relevant reference in developing Islamic education in Muslim countries around the world, one of which is in Indonesia.
COMPARISON OF SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF INTRACERVICAL
DINOPROSTONE GEL AND EXTRA-AMNIOTIC FOLEY'S CATHETER FOR
INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: Garg Radha , Saxena Bharti , Dhingra Neha , Meena Madhu
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: The uterus remains quiescent throughout 9 months and begins to act on its own when full term is
approached. Almost 50% women deliver in the duration of one week before and after the calculated EDD; and induction
of labour is needed in about 20% of women: to increase the success of labour induction, to reduce the duration and complications of labour and to
diminish the rate of caesarean sections. Cervical ripening is needed before induction of labour. There are many methods for induction of labour;
however till date, none of them can claimed to be the best. To compare the AIM OF PRESENT STUDY: safety and efcacy of Dinoprostone gel
versus intracervical foley's catheter for ripening of cervix and induction of labour. Compara MATERIAL AND METHODS: tive prospective
study was conducted on 400 full term uncomplicated primigravida women needing induction of labour between January 2019 to June 2020 in
department of obstetrics & gynecology at GMC Kota in Rajasthan.Group A: 200 women induced with Dinoprostone gel and Group B: 200
women induced with extra-amniotic Foley's catheter. Baseline characteristics like maternal age, gestational age, indication for induction were
comparable in both the groups. The mean induction to delivery interval was shorter in RESULT: group A (12.69 ± 3.64 hours) as compared to
Group B (18.17 ± 3.17 hours) and this difference was statistically highly signicant (P = 0.0001). There was no signicant difference observed in
mode of delivery, labour progress at 18 hours, indication for caesarean section, maternal side effects, mean birth weight, Apgar score at 5 mins,
number of NICU admissions between the two groups. The number of vaginal deliveries we CONCLUSION: re similar in both the groups but
mean induction to delivery interval was signicantly shorter with Dinoprostone gel. However, the maternal and fetal outcomes were better in
Foley's catheter group although the difference was not statistically signicant