bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cranioplasty with three-dimensional customised mould for polymethylmethacrylate implant: a series of 16 consecutive patients with cost-effectiveness consideration
Authors: da Silva Júnior Erasmo Barros , de Aragão Afonso Henrique , de Paula Loureiro Marcelo , Lobo Caetano Silva , Oliveti Ana Flávia , de Oliveira Rafael Martinelli , Ramina Ricardo
Published: February 2021

Background

Different methods of cranioplasty for the reconstruction of bony skull defects exist. In the absence of the autologous bone flap, a customised manufactured implant may be the optimal choice, but this implant has several limitations regarding its technical standardisation and better cost-effectiveness.

Methods

This study presents a series of 16 consecutive patients who had undergone cranioplasty with customised three-dimensional (3D) template moulds for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implants manufactured after 3D modelling on a specific workstation. The virtual images were transformed into a two-piece physical model using a 3D printer for the biomaterials. PMMA implant was produced intraoperatively with the custom mould. Cosmetic results were analysed by comparing pre- and postoperative 3D computed tomography (CT) images and asking if the patient was satisfied with the result.

Results

The average total time for planning and production of customised mould was 10 days. The 16 patients were satisfied with the result, and CT images presented harmonious symmetry when comparing pre- and postoperative scans. Cases of postoperative infection, bleeding, or reoperation in this series were not observed.

Conclusion

Cranioplasty with high-technology customised 3D moulds for PMMA implants can allow for an aesthetic reconstruction with a fast and cost-effective manufacturing process and possibly with low complication rates.
Elucidation of disease etiology by trans-layer omics analysis
Authors: Shirai Yuya , Okada Yukinori
Published: February 2021

To date, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have successfully identified thousands of associations between genetic polymorphisms and human traits. However, the pathways between the associated genotype and phenotype are often poorly understood. The transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, the omics, are positioned along the pathway and can provide useful information to translate from genotype to phenotype. This review shows useful data resources for connecting each omics and describes how they are combined into a cohesive analysis. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) are useful information for connecting the genome and other omics. QTL represent how much genetic variants have effects on other omics and give us clues to how GWAS risk SNPs affect biological mechanisms. Integration of each omics provides a robust analytical framework for estimating disease causality, discovering drug targets, and identifying disease-associated tissues. Technological advances and the rise of consortia and biobanks have facilitated the analyses of unprecedented data, improving both the quality and quantity of research. Proficient management of these valuable datasets allows discovering novel insights into the genetic background and etiology of complex human diseases and contributing to personalized medicine.
Medical pluralism in a Dong Village, Southwestern China
Authors: Yu Chengpu
Published: February 2021

Since Charles Leslie introduced the concept of “medical pluralism” in the early 1970s, there has been a steady stream of research in this domain. Based on a case study of a Dong (ethnic group) village in China, this paper attempts to present the complex operation of pluralistic healthcare and looks into the fundamental issues of pluralistic medical research. Results find that first, the future of pluralistic medical care system is in a flux. Second, plural medical care systems are in a state of symbiosis, which is dynamically compatible with local disease classifications. Third, the different elements of a pluralistic medical care system are in competition with each other, which depends on the maintenance of the daily doctor-patient relationship in the local society. This in-depth exploration of medical pluralism not only deepens the understanding of the topic itself, but also integrates the topic into local society and ordinary ethics.
Factorial design study of total petroleum contaminated soil treatment using land farming technique
Authors: Okonofua Ehizonomhen S. , Lasisi Kayode H. , Atikpo Eguakhide
Published: February 2021

Land farming technique was used to treat hydrocarbon contaminated soil collected from a crude oil spill sites in Edo State, Nigeria. Calibrated standard auger was used to collect soil samples from the site at depth below 30 cm. The samples were characterized and classified. Cow dung and NPK fertilizer were added as additives to complement the nutriments of the soil samples before total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) quantification and remediation procedures. Factorial design was applied to vary the input parameters such as pH, mass of substrate, moisture content and turning times of land farming so to ascertain the optimal conditions for the procedure. The result revealed that the in-situ TPH value was 5000 mg kg− 1on the average and after 90 d of treatment, TPH reduced to 646 mg kg− 1. The turning rate, pH, moisture content and mass of substrate hade 83, 4.36, 0.48 and 0.046% contribution, respectively, for the degradation process using land farming treatment. Numerical optimization techniques applied in the optimum point for land farming input parameters to achieve predicted maximum removal of 99% were evaluated as pH, mass of substrate, moisture content and turning rate to be 6.01, 1 kg, 10% and 5 times in a week, respectively. TPH removed at this optimum point was 98% reducing from 5000 to 636 mg kg− 1. The high coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.9865) as observed in the closeness of predicted and experimental values reflects the reliability of the model and hence, land farming practice with close attention on turning rate as revealed by this study, is recommended for TPH contaminated soil remediation.
Tumor necrosis factor induced protein 3 gene polymorphism and the susceptibility to chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia in Egyptian children: a case-control study
Authors: El-hady Marwa Abd , Mosallam Dalia S. , Anis Shahira K. , Mansour Basma S. , Yassa Marianne E.
Published: February 2021

Background

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (PIT) is an acquired auto-immune disease characterized by decreased platelet count with increased bleeding tendency. The tumor necrosis factor associated induced protein-3 (TNFAIP3) codes for the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme that is indispensable for limiting inflammation. TNFAIP3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) has been implicated in the susceptibility to multiple auto-immune diseases. We aimed to study the distribution of TNFAIP3 (rs5029939 C>G) SNP and the possible association of the studied polymorphism with the susceptibility to chronic PIT and the response to treatment in a sample of the Egyptian pediatric chronic PIT patients. This is a case-control study performed on 40 chronic PIT patients and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. DNA samples from both groups were tested for TNFAIP3 (rs5029939 C>G) SNP using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.

Results

TNFAIP3 (rs5029939 C>G) genotype distribution showed no statistically significant difference between PIT cases and controls [CC 77.5% vs. 82.5%, and CG 22% vs. 18%, respectively; OR (95% CI), 1.323 (0.470–0.723); p, 0.596]. The minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs5029939-G was comparable between the 2 groups (0.11 vs. 0.09) [OR (95% CI), 1.282 (0.484–3.397); p, 0.617]. No statistically significant difference was observed between chronic PIT patients carrying the mutant heterozygous genotype (CG) achieving complete response and those with no response [OR (95% CI), 1.667 (0.165-16.810); p > 0.05]. The MAF of rs5029939-G was comparable between both groups [OR (95% CI), 1.571 (0.175–14.111); p > 0.05].

Conclusion

This study showed no liability of patients carrying TNFAIP3 (rs5029939 C>G) polymorphism to develop chronic course of the disease or to achieve complete response to treatment. TNFAIP3 (rs5029939 C < G) SNP plays no role in either susceptibility to chronic PIT in the studied sample of Egyptian pediatric population or their response to treatment.
Correction to: A review of the genome, epidemiology, clinical features, prevention, and treatment scenario of COVID-19: Bangladesh aspects
Authors: Al Noman Abdullah , Islam Md. Shofiqul , Sana Samiron , Mondal Prapti , Meem Rima Islam , Rana Sohel , Mondol Debashish , Sana Manoshi , Hossain Sheikh I. , Joarder Taufique , Mazumder Kishor
Published: February 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Using Virtual Learning to Build Pediatric Palliative Care Capacity in South Asia: Experiences of Implementing a Teleteaching and Mentorship Program (Project ECHO)
Authors: Doherty Megan , Rayala Spandana , Evans Emily , Rowe Jennifer , Rapelli Vineela , Palat Gayatri
Published: February 2021

Palliative care is an important component of pediatric cancer treatment that provides holistic support for children and their families. In low- and middle-income countries, where 98% of the children needing palliative care reside, access to palliative care services is often very limited. Training opportunities for healthcare professionals are essential to improve access to palliative care in these settings. Virtual learning, which brings training and mentorship directly to learners, can improve access to educational opportunities for staff in resource-limited settings. In this report, we describe a novel and evolving model of building pediatric palliative care (PPC) capacity in South Asia. We describe the design, implementation, challenges, and subsequent modifications of our program, as well as the impact of the program for participants and for PPC service delivery in South Asia. Our teleteaching and mentoring program (Project ECHO) [Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes] consisted of biweekly videoconference sessions with didactic teaching and case-based discussions. The program focused on engaging participants in meaningful learning by focusing on opportunities for participant interaction through teachings and case discussions. Participants identified the program as particularly beneficial for improving their knowledge and confidence in managing seriously ill children. Project ECHO is a novel model of building PPC capacity that is suitable for resource-limited settings. Key modifications to the Project ECHO model include a course-specific leadership team, developing learning plans to address the specific learning needs of participants, focusing on ensuring learner participation during sessions, and using social media and electronic resources to create opportunities for further learning outside of ECHO sessions. These adaptations may improve the efficacy of Project ECHO and others using virtual learning programs in resource-limited settings.
Oncology-Based Palliative Care Development: The Approach, Challenges, and Solutions From North-East Region of India, a Model for Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Vallath Nandini , Rahul Rewati Raman , Mahanta Tanma , Dakua Dipankar , Gogoi Pranjal Protim , Venkataramanan Ramchandran , Sethuraman Lakshman , Bahar H. M. Iqbal , Bhagabati Kabindra , Goswami Dinesh , Purushotham Arnie
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Access to palliative care within healthcare systems of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has never been more pronounced than in current times. The Lancet Commission Report (2018) estimates that 80% of global serious health-related suffering (SHS), which demands access to palliative care for its relief, are in LMICs. Cancer is a major contributor to SHS and a rapidly growing burden in LMICs. Similar to many LMICs, cancer is a leading cause of death in India. The North-East Region (NER) of India has a high prevalence of cancer and paucity of services for cancer and palliative care.

OBJECTIVES

To describe the strategies used to initiate and strengthen palliative care services integrated with the comprehensive cancer care initiatives in the state of Assam in NER.

METHODS

After an initial assessment of the status of palliative care in the NER, a multipronged strategy was adopted that aligned with the WHO framework recommended for initiating palliative care services. A core team working with a government and private collaborative strategized and activated supportive policies, education, and training and improved access and availability to essential drugs, while implementing the components synchronously within the state.

SIGNIFICANCE

This project demonstrates an informed regional adaptation of the WHO model. It highlights the strengths of integrating palliative care within cancer care program right from its inception. It emphasizes the sustainability of services activated across public healthcare systems, as compared with the donor- or champion-driven initiatives. The outcome of this project underlines the relevance of this model for LMIC regions with similar health systems and sociocultural and economic contexts.
Needs and Perspectives of Cancer Center Stakeholders for Access to Patient Values in the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Desai Anjali V. , Agarwal Rajiv , Epstein Andrew S. , Kuperman Gilad J. , Michael Chelsea L. , Mittelstaedt Haley , Connor MaryAnn , Bernal Camila , Lynch Kathleen A. , Ostroff Jamie S. , Katz Brittany , Corrigan Kelsey L. , Kramer Dana , Davis Mary Elizabeth , Nelson Judith E.
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE:

High-quality cancer care must incorporate patients' personal values in decision making throughout illness. Unfortunately, patient values are neither consistently elicited nor easily accessible in the electronic health record (EHR). Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center is deploying a major EHR innovation, called the Patient Values Tab, which provides ready access to patients' values and personhood. To inform the Tab's design, we interviewed a large, diverse group of institutional stakeholders to understand their user needs for this Tab.

METHODS:

Qualitative data were collected through semistructured, audio-recorded, in-person, individual interviews. An interdisciplinary team of four coders conducted a process of thematic content analysis. Thematic saturation was achieved, and member checking was performed.

RESULTS:

A total of 110 stakeholders were approached and interviewed. Participants comprised a wide range of disciplines or professions and others involved in hospital and/or clinic administration. Analysis revealed the following themes related to important Tab content: personhood, support system or resources, social history, communication preferences, future planning, end of life, and illness and treatment understanding. Participants also discussed implementation considerations, the Tab's potential to improve communication, and privacy implications.

CONCLUSION:

This study focused on a major EHR innovation to centralize information about values and personhood of patients with cancer. We elicited views of over 100 institutional stakeholders through in-depth interviews that were rigorously analyzed, yielding themes related to content and format that helped guide the Tab's design. The interviews generated a sense of ownership and enthusiasm for the Tab among future users. The Tab's introduction advances the use of the EHR as a driver of the delivery of patient-centered care.
Longitudinal Trends of Financial Toxicity in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Friedes Cole , Hazell Sarah Z. , Fu Wei , Hu Chen , Voong Ranh K. , Lee Beverly , Feliciano Josephine L. , Nicholas Lauren H. , McNutt Todd R. , Han Peijin , Narang Amol K. , Hales Russell K.
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

Cancer therapy is associated with severe financial burden. However, the magnitude and longitudinal patient relationship with financial toxicity (FT) in the initial course of therapy is unclear.

METHODS:

Patients with stage II-IV lung cancer were recruited in a prospective longitudinal study between July 2018 and March 2020. FT was measured via the validated COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST) at the time of cancer diagnosis and at 6-month follow-up (6MFU). 6MFU data were compared with corresponding baseline data. A lower COST score indicates increased financial hardship.

RESULTS:

At the time of analysis, 215 agreed to participate. Subsequently, 112 patients completed 6MFU. On average, slightly more FT was observed at diagnosis compared with 6MFU (median COSTbase 25 v COST6M 27; P < .001); however, individual patients experienced large changes in FT. At 6MFU, 27.7% of patients had made financial sacrifices to pay for treatment but only 4.5% refused medical care based on cost. Median reported out-of-pocket (OOP) costs for the initial 6 months of cancer treatment was $2,496 (range, $0-25,900). Risk factors for FT at diagnosis were unique from risk factors at 6MFU. Actual OOP expenses were not correlated with FT; however, inability to predict upcoming treatment expenses resulted in higher FT at 6MFU.

DISCUSSION:

FT is a pervasive challenge during the initiation of lung cancer treatment. Few patients are willing to sacrifice medical care regardless of the cost. Risk factors for FT evolve, resulting in unique interventional targets throughout therapy.
Human Milk Hormone Intake in the First Month of Life and Physical Growth Outcomes in Preterm Infants
Authors: Joung Kyoung Eun , Martin Camilia R , Cherkerzian Sara , Kellogg Mark , Belfort Mandy Brown
Published: February 2021

Context

Human milk contains hormones that regulate metabolism. Extrauterine growth restriction remains common among preterm infants, but the effect of ingesting milk hormones on preterm infant growth is poorly understood.

Objective

To quantify associations of longitudinal exposure to leptin, adiponectin, and insulin in milk with physical growth of preterm infants.

Design/Methods

In 50 preterm neonates (median gestational age 29.4 weeks), we sampled maternal milk on day-of-life 7, 14, 21, and 28 and measured hormone levels in whole milk by ELISA. Milk leptin levels were available for a subset of 18 infants. We calculated milk hormone doses by multiplying the hormone level by the milk volume ingested on each day and estimated the area under the curve (AUC) to reflect longitudinal exposure. We analyzed associations of milk hormone exposure with growth outcomes in generalized estimated equations.

Main Outcome Measures

Weight gain velocity and z-scores in weight, length, head circumference, and body mass index at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA).

Results

Higher leptin intake was associated with greater weight gain (2.17g/kg/day [95% CI, 1.31, 3.02]) and weight z-score at 36 weeks’ PMA (0.30 [0.08, 0.53] higher z-score per tertile). Higher adiponectin intake was associated with greater length z-score (0.41 [0.13, 0.69]), however, this association was nullified after adjustment of protein and calorie intake. Higher adiponectin was associated with smaller head circumference z-score (−0.36 [−0.64, −0.07]). Insulin was not associated with growth outcomes.

Conclusions

Milk leptin and adiponectin exposures may affect growth of preterm infants. The long-term effects of milk hormones warrant further investigation.
Monogenic Causes in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium Cohort: Low Genetic Risk for Autoimmunity in Case Selection
Authors: Marchand Luc , Li Meihang , Leblicq Coralie , Rafique Ibrar , Alarcon-Martinez Tugba , Lange Claire , Rendon Laura , Tam Emily , Courville-Le Bouyonnec Ariane , Polychronakos Constantin
Published: February 2021

Hypothesis

About 1% of patients clinically diagnosed as type 1 diabetes have non-autoimmune monogenic diabetes. The distinction has important therapeutic implications but, given the low prevalence and high cost of testing, selecting patients to test is important. We tested the hypothesis that low genetic risk for type 1 diabetes can substantially contribute to this selection.

Methods

As proof of principle, we examined by exome sequencing families with 2 or more children, recruited by the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) and selected for negativity for 2 autoantibodies and absence of risk human leukocyte antigen haplotypes.

Results

We examined 46 families that met the criteria. Of the 17 with an affected parent, 7 (41.2%) had actionable monogenic variants. Of 29 families with no affected parent, 14 (48.3%) had such variants, including 5 with recessive pathogenic variants of WFS1 but no report of other features of Wolfram syndrome. Our approach diagnosed 55.8% of the estimated number of monogenic families in the entire T1DGC cohort, by sequencing only 11.1% of the autoantibody-negative ones.

Conclusions

Our findings justify proceeding to large-scale prospective screening studies using markers of autoimmunity, even in the absence of an affected parent. We also confirm that nonsyndromic WFS1 variants are common among cases of monogenic diabetes misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes.
Identification and Clinical Associations of 3 Forms of Circulating T-cadherin in Human Serum
Authors: Fukuda Shiro , Kita Shunbun , Miyashita Kazuya , Iioka Masahito , Murai Jun , Nakamura Tadashi , Nishizawa Hitoshi , Fujishima Yuya , Morinaga Jun , Oike Yuichi , Maeda Norikazu , Shimomura Iichiro
Published: February 2021

Context

T-cadherin (T-cad) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cadherin that mediates adiponectin to induce exosome biogenesis and secretion, protect cardiovascular tissues, promote muscle regeneration, and stimulate therapeutic heart protection by transplanted mesenchymal stem cells. CDH13, the gene locus of T-cad, affects plasma adiponectin levels most strongly, in addition to affecting cardiovascular disease risk and glucose homeostasis. Recently, it has been suggested that T-cad exists in human serum, although the details are still unclear.

Objective

To validate the existence of T-cad forms in human serum and investigate the association with clinical parameters of type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods

Using newly developed monoclonal antibodies against T-cad, pooled human serum was analyzed, and novel T-cad enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed. The serum T-cad concentrations of 183 Japanese type 2 diabetes patients were measured in a cross-sectional observational study. The main outcome measure was the existence of soluble T-cad in human serum.

Results

There were 3 forms of soluble T-cad: a 130-kDa form with a prodomain, a 100-kDa mature form, and a 30-kDa prodomain in human serum. Using newly developed ELISAs to measure them simultaneously, we found that the 130-kDa form of T-cad positively correlated with plasma adiponectin (r = 0.28, P < .001), although a physiological interaction with adiponectin was not observed in serum. The unique 30-kDa prodomain was associated with several clinical parameters in diabetes patients.

Conclusion

We identified 3 novel forms of soluble T-cad. Their importance as disease markers and/or biomarkers of adiponectin function and the possible bioactivity of the respective molecules require further investigation.
The Impact of Center-Based Childcare Attendance on Early Child Development: Evidence From the French Elfe Cohort
Authors: Berger Lawrence M. , Panico Lidia , Solaz Anne
Published: February 2021

Proponents of early childhood education and care programs cite evidence that high-quality center-based childcare has positive impacts on child development, particularly for disadvantaged children. However, much of this evidence stems from randomized evaluations of small-scale intensive programs based in the United States and other Anglo/English-speaking countries. Evidence is more mixed with respect to widespread or universal center-based childcare provision. In addition, most evidence is based on childcare experiences of 3- to 5-year-old children; less is known about the impact of center-based care in earlier childhood. The French context is particularly suited to such interrogation because the majority of French children who attend center-based care do so in high-quality, state-funded, state-regulated centers, known as crèches, and before age 3. We use data from a large, nationally representative French birth cohort, the Étude Longitudinale Français depuis l'Enfance (Elfe), and an instrumental variables strategy that leverages exogenous variation in both birth quarter and local crèche supply to estimate whether crèche attendance at age 1 has an impact on language, motor skills, and child behavior at age 2. Results indicate that crèche attendance has a positive impact on language skills, no impact on motor skills, and a negative impact on behavior. Moreover, the positive impact on language skills is particularly concentrated among disadvantaged children. This implies that facilitating increased crèche access among disadvantaged families may hold potential for decreasing early socioeconomic disparities in language development and, given the importance of early development for later-life outcomes, thereby have an impact on long-term population inequalities.
Gut innervation and enteric nervous system development: a spatial, temporal and molecular tour de force
Authors: Kang Yi-Ning , Fung Candice , Vanden Berghe Pieter
Published: February 2021

During embryonic development, the gut is innervated by intrinsic (enteric) and extrinsic nerves. Focusing on mammalian ENS development, in this Review we highlight how important the different compartments of this innervation are to assure proper gut function. We specifically address the three-dimensional architecture of the innervation, paying special attention to the differences in development along the longitudinal and circumferential axes of the gut. We review recent information about the formation of both intrinsic innervation, which is fairly well-known, as well as the establishment of the extrinsic innervation, which, despite its importance in gut-brain signaling, has received much less attention. We further discuss how external microbial and nutritional cues or neuroimmune interactions may influence development of gut innervation. Finally, we provide summary tables, describing the location and function of several well-known molecules, along with some newer factors that have more recently been implicated in the development of gut innervation.
The intrinsically disordered protein SPE-18 promotes localized assembly of MSP inCaenorhabditis elegansspermatocytes
Authors: Price Kari L. , Presler Marc , Uyehara Christopher M. , Shakes Diane C.
Published: February 2021

Many specialized cells use unconventional strategies of cytoskeletal control. Nematode spermatocytes discard their actin and tubulin following meiosis, and instead employ the regulated assembly/disassembly of the Major Sperm Protein (MSP) to drive sperm motility. However, prior to the meiotic divisions, MSP is sequestered through its assembly into paracrystalline structures called fibrous bodies (FBs). The accessory proteins that direct this sequestration process have remained mysterious. This study reveals SPE-18 as an intrinsically disordered protein that is essential for MSP assembly within FBs. In spe-18 mutant spermatocytes, MSP forms disorganized cortical fibers, and the cells arrest in meiosis without forming haploid sperm. In wild-type spermatocytes, SPE-18 localizes to pre-FB complexes and functions with the kinase SPE-6 to localize MSP assembly. Changing patterns of SPE-18 localization uncover previously unappreciated complexities in FB maturation. Later, within newly individualized spermatids, SPE-18 is rapidly lost, yet SPE-18 loss alone is insufficient for MSP disassembly. Our findings reveal an alternative strategy for sequestering cytoskeletal elements, not as monomers but in localized, bundled polymers. Additionally, these studies provide an important example of disordered proteins promoting ordered cellular structures.
DROSHA is recruited to DNA damage sites by the MRN complex to promote non-homologous end joining
Authors: Cabrini Matteo , Roncador Marco , Galbiati Alessandro , Cipolla Lina , Maffia Antonio , Iannelli Fabio , Sabbioneda Simone , d’Adda di Fagagna Fabrizio , Francia Sofia
Published: February 2021

The DNA damage response (DDR) is the signaling cascade that recognizes DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and promotes their resolution via the DNA repair pathways of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). We and others have shown that DDR activation requires DROSHA; however, whether DROSHA exerts its functions by associating with damage sites, what controls its recruitment, and how DROSHA influences DNA repair remains poorly understood. Here, we show that DROSHA associates with DSBs independently of transcription. Neither H2AX, nor ATM or DNA-PK kinase activities are required for recruitment of DROSHA to break sites. Rather, DROSHA interacts with RAD50, and inhibition of the MRN complex by mirin treatment abolishes this interaction. MRN complex inactivation by RAD50 knockdown or mirin treatment prevents DROSHA recruitment to DSBs and, as a consequence, also prevents 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1) recruitment. During DNA repair, DROSHA inactivation reduces NHEJ and boosts HR frequency. Indeed, DROSHA knockdown also increases the association of downstream HR factors such as RAD51 to DNA ends. Overall, our results demonstrate that DROSHA is recruited at DSBs by the MRN complex and directs DNA repair towards NHEJ.
Exploring engagement with authors of randomised controlled trials to develop recommendations to improve allocation concealment implementation and reporting
Authors: Clark Laura , Mitchell Natasha , Hewitt Catherine , Torgerson David
Published: February 2021

Background: Reviews have consistently shown that allocation concealment is frequently implemented and reported suboptimally in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). This research aims to pilot engaging with authors of RCTs to explore their knowledge and understanding of allocation concealment implementation and reporting to ascertain areas and mechanisms for their improvement.

Methods: Authors that published RCTs in core clinical journals in one month in 2019 were identified. Authors were invited to complete questionnaires to elicit their views and experiences on the implementation and reporting quality focussing on allocation concealment. Methodological quality of allocation concealment was evaluated in this sample by assessing adherence to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT).

Results: Reporting was suboptimal, with only 57% of allocation concealment methods reported to be implemented which were judged as adequate, with 18% using sealed envelopes and more than 40% not adequately reporting allocation methods. When exploring allocation concealment, implementation and reporting questionnaires were found to elicit a low response rate amongst authors of RCTs.

Discussion: Following analysis of the themes that emerged from the questionnaires, the main recommendations to improve reporting quality are: journals need to endorse, adhere and promote reporting guidelines, a methodologist could review methodological details of publications simultaneously to peer review, envelopes as a form of allocation concealment are poorly implemented and reported, so careful review of these is required, funders need to insist on more robust allocation concealment methods are employed if the RCT setting allows, and authors need to acknowledge their responsibility for transparent reporting of RCTs.
A pilot study of red complex and three genera subgingival microbiome in periodontitis subjects with and without diabetes, evaluated by MinION platform
Authors: Bachtiar Boy M. , Theodorea Citra F. , Tahapary Dicky L. , Astrella Cindy , - Natalina , Bachtiar Endang W.
Published: February 2021

Background: Subgingival niche is one biofilm habitat containing rich microbiota, which plays an active role in maintaining the health of periodontal tissue and determining host response. As such, a study of changing subgingival biofilms is important for understanding the effect of a systemic condition. In this study, we compared the occurrence of six bacteria cohabiting in the subgingival area of periodontitis subjects, with (DP, n = 8) and without (NDP, n = 4) diabetes.

Methods: The six genus and species of targeted bacteria were confirmed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on MinION nanopore platform. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the obtained data.

Results: We found that the six genus and species of targeted bacteria were detected but in different quantities in either group's periodontal pocket. Our data showed that Tannerella forsythia was the most abundant species in subgingival biofilms of the DP group of the red complex bacteria. In contrast, Aggregatibacter sp., which belongs to the phylum of proteobacteria, was present at a relatively lower level. In contrast, Fusobacterium sp., which belongs to orange complex bacteria, showed relative similarities in subgingival biofilms of both groups tested, while Veillonella sp., were abundant in the DP groups. 

Conclusions: Our data show that the diversity of classic periodontopathogens increased in the subgingival niche of periodontitis subjects with diabetes. It is the first study in Indonesia to apply MinION-based, full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes.
A roadmap for the generation of benchmarking resources for antimicrobial resistance detection using next generation sequencing
Authors: Petrillo Mauro , Fabbri Marco , Kagkli Dafni Maria , Querci Maddalena , Van den Eede Guy , Alm Erik , Aytan-Aktug Derya , Capella-Gutierrez Salvador , Carrillo Catherine , Cestaro Alessandro , Chan Kok-Gan , Coque Teresa , Endrullat Christoph , Gut Ivo , Hammer Paul , Kay Gemma L. , Madec Jean-Yves , Mather Alison E. , McHardy Alice Carolyn , Naas Thierry , Paracchini Valentina , Peter Silke , Pightling Arthur , Raffael Barbara , Rossen John , Ruppé Etienne , Schlaberg Robert , Vanneste Kevin , Weber Lukas M. , Westh Henrik , Angers-Loustau Alexandre
Published: February 2021

Next Generation Sequencing technologies significantly impact the field of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) detection and monitoring, with immediate uses in diagnosis and risk assessment. For this application and in general, considerable challenges remain in demonstrating sufficient trust to act upon the meaningful information produced from raw data, partly because of the reliance on bioinformatics pipelines, which can produce different results and therefore lead to different interpretations. With the constant evolution of the field, it is difficult to identify, harmonise and recommend specific methods for large-scale implementations over time. In this article, we propose to address this challenge through establishing a transparent, performance-based, evaluation approach to provide flexibility in the bioinformatics tools of choice, while demonstrating proficiency in meeting common performance standards. The approach is two-fold: first, a community-driven effort to establish and maintain “live” (dynamic) benchmarking platforms to provide relevant performance metrics, based on different use-cases, that would evolve together with the AMR field; second, agreed and defined datasets to allow the pipelines’ implementation, validation, and quality-control over time. Following previous discussions on the main challenges linked to this approach, we provide concrete recommendations and future steps, related to different aspects of the design of benchmarks, such as the selection and the characteristics of the datasets (quality, choice of pathogens and resistances, etc.), the evaluation criteria of the pipelines, and the way these resources should be deployed in the community.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ QR-КОДОВ ДЛЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ КОНТРОЛЬНО-ПРОПУСКНОГО ПУНКТА
Authors: Khamidullin Marat Raisovich , Emelyanov Dmitry Vladimirovich , Mustafin Azat Filkatovich , Isavnin Alexei Gennadyevich
Published: February 2021

Сегодня большинство компаний имеют автоматизированную систему пропусков, в которой работник подносит карточку, по которой регистрируется время его входа и выхода. Но зачастую в компаниях, использующих такой метод работы, отсутствуют устройства, изготавливающие данные карты и поэтому их необходимо заказывать у других организаций, что требует дополнительных затрат. Это может стать поводом отложить прием сотрудника на работу, что может быть критично в некоторых ситуациях. На сегодняшний день задача автоматизации контрольно-пропускного пункта является одной из самых важных задач, так необходимо вести учет времени прихода сотрудников на работу, разгрузить очередь, обеспечить безопасность работы предприятия.Цель – разработка компонентов автоматизированного программного обеспечения по учёту рабочего времени персонала.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье рассмотрен проект по учёту рабочего времени персонала и учёта кадров с использованием среды программирования С#, Xamarin, SQL.Результаты: разработано приложение для компьютеров и мобильных устройств, регистрирующая пользователей для регистрации прохода, и генерирующая уникальные для каждого пользователя коды доступа, которые тут же конвертируются в QR-коды и сравнивающие их с кодами, поданными на считыватель.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять предприятиям для организации контрольно-пропускного пункта с целью учета времени рабочих.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ДВИЖЕНИЯ ПАССАЖИРСКОГО ТРАНСПОРТА
Authors: Kuzminykh Tatyana Sergeevna , Berman Nina Demidovna
Published: February 2021

Городской пассажирский транспорт играет важную роль в жизни населения города и в обеспечении эффективной, бесперебойной работы всей городской системы в целом. Однако в настоящее время в сфере городского пассажирского транспорта во многих городах России накопился ряд серьезных проблем. В частности, это проблемы развития городской маршрутной сети, показатели эффективности которой определяют уровень качества транспортных услуг для населения и экономический эффект от эксплуатации городского пассажирского транспорта. В связи с этим актуальным становится изучение перспектив развития методов оптимизации городской маршрутной сети.
О ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМ ПЕРЕВОЗОК В РЕГИОНЕ
Authors: Lvovich Yakov Yevseevich , Preobrazhenskiy Andrey Petrovich , Choporov Oleg Nikolaevich
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматривается задача, связанная с прогнозированием систем перевозок в регионе. Проведен анализ прогностических моделей, позволяющих оценить развитие транспортных процессов. Даны результаты прогнозирования.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ АВТОМАТИЗАЦИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ НА ТРАНСПОРТНОМ ПРЕДПРИЯТИИ
Authors: Lvovich Yakov Yevseevich , Preobrazhenskiy Andrey Petrovich , Choporov Oleg Nikolaevich
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности формирования информационно-советующей системы транспортного предприятия. Показано, каким образом можно использовать систему поддержки принятия решений.
РАЗРАБОТКА И ВНЕДРЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ УМНОГО ТРЕКИНГА В РЕЖИМЕ РЕАЛЬНОГО ВРЕМЕНИ
Authors: Bikov Danir Insafovich , Khamidullin Marat Raisovich
Published: February 2021

Автомобильная отрасль – стремительно развивающаяся область не только в России но и за рубежом. Развитие автомобильной промышленности в нашей стране не должно ограничиваться увеличением автомобилей, оно также должно быть направлено на дальнейшее развитие с использованием информационных систем и технологий.Для обеспечения комфортного передвижения людей по городу или в любом другом населенном пункте требуется ряд важных программных средств, упрощающих навигацию в городских и внегородских условиях, проверяющих состояние трафика дорожного движения и сокращающих передвижение жителя из пункта А в пункт Б.Цель – создание системы трекинга маршрутных такси для улучшения взаимодействия между водителями и пешеходами, автоматизация дорожного трафика путём внедрения умных систем отслеживания, облегчение навигации по населенному пункту.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье рассмотрен проект по отслеживанию маршрутных средств и взаимодействие с ним.Результаты: разработано приложение для мобильных устройств на базе IOS и Android, в котором отображается трафик передвижения пассажиров и водителя в реальном времени.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять пешеходам, которые имеют возможность отслеживать маршрутные средства передвижения и удобно взаимодействовать с ними.
О ПЕРСПЕКТИВАХ ВКЛЮЧЕНИЯ ПРОЕКТА «ЕДИНАЯ ЕВРАЗИЯ: ТРАНС-ЕВРАЗИЙСКИЙ ПОЯС RAZVITIE (ТЕПР) – ИНТЕГРАЛЬНАЯ ЕВРАЗИЙСКАЯ ТРАНСПОРТНАЯ СИСТЕМА (ИЕТС) КАК МЕГАПРОЕКТА В ТРАНСПОРТНУЮ СТРАТЕГИЮ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ НА ПЕРИОД ДО 2030 ГОДА
Authors: Osipov Gennady Vasilievich , Kubrin Alexey Alesandrovich , Kuzina Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: February 2021

Имеющий более чем 130-летнюю предыисторию и активно разрабатывавшийся в последнее десятилетие коллективом выдающихся отечественных ученых мегапроект «Единая Евразия: Транс-Евразийский пояс RAZVITIE (ТЕПР) – Интегральная Евразийская транспортная система (ИЕТС)» рассматривается в контексте имеющегося зарубежного и российского опыта проектирования транснациональных и трансконтинентальных транспортных коридоров, прежде всего высокоскоростных железных дорог, а также в связи с планированием дальнейшего развития транспортной системы Российской Федерации.Цель – обоснование необходимости включения мегапроекта ТЕПР-ИЕТС в Транспортную стратегию Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года как первостепенного для развития транспортной системы и повышения эффективности внутренней и внешней политики Российской Федерации, в том числе – для устранения последствий кризиса социально-экономической сферы и нормализации международных отношений.Методология исследования: проводилась оценка актуальности и конкурентоспособности проекта ТЕПР-ИЕТС в контексте зарубежных проектов и научных исследований в сфере транснационального и трансконтинентального железнодорожного сообщения; анализ критериев эффективности реализации Транспортной стратегии Российской Федерации по консервативному и инновационному варианту применительно к показателям развития железнодорожного сообщения, а также в соотнесении с востребованностью железнодорожного грузового сообщения на конец 2020 г. по данным Минтранса России.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно учесть при внесении изменений в текст Транспортной стратегии Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года, а также более десяти лет не обновлявшейся Стратегии развития железнодорожного транспорта в Российской Федерации до 2030 года.
Analysis of peroxidase activity in diabetic retinopathy and in applying various corrective means
Authors: Sirman Ya. V. , Savytskyi I. V.
Published: February 2021

Hyperglycemia stimulates the development of oxidative stress, which in turn is a powerful pathophysiological mechanism for the development of microvascular complications in diabetes. Increased production of reactive oxygen species is observed both during development and during the progression of diabetic retinopathy.The study was performed on white Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. According to the tasks, the animals were divided into 7 groups: 1st group - 60 intact animals; Group 2 - 60 animals in which diabetic retinopathy was simulated without further correction. Group 3 - 60 animals, which simulated diabetic retinopathy with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia; Group 4 - 60 animals in which diabetic retinopathy was simulated with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept and L-arginine solution; Group 5 - 60 animals in which diabetic retinopathy was simulated with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept and bromfenac; Group 6 - 60 animals in which diabetic retinopathy was simulated with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac; Group 7 - 60 animals, which simulated diabetic retinopathy with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, the introduction of aflibercept, a solution of L-arginine and citicoline.The results indicate the development of oxidative stress from the 30th and with subsequent progression on the 60th and 180th days of experimental diabetic retinopathy, which is confirmed by a decrease in peroxidase activity in the 2nd group, the maximum of which is observed in the 3rd stage. Correction with hypoglycemic agents in group 3 had a positive effect, but was not able to restore the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, so there was a need for additional drugs. The use of aflibercept and nitric oxide donor in group 4 to correct the development of diabetic retinopathy had a positive effect on increasing the activity of peroxidase, which peaked on the 180th day of the experiment, but did not reach the control values. The combined administration of bromfenac and aflibercept in group 5 was shown to significantly increase antioxidant activity, but not as significantly as in group 4. Administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine, and bromfenac to group 6 animals was shown to restore antioxidant protection as early as day 30 and was continued on days 60 and 180 of the study, but the results did not reach control values. The combination of metformin, aflibercept, L-arginine and citicoline in rats of the 7th group proved to be the most effective correction, as evidenced by the normalization of peroxidase activity on the 30th and 60th day of the experiment, and on the 180th recovery of marker activity to control values was recorded.
Dynamics of changes in the cellular composition of the focus of inflammation in secondary chronic inflammation with the introduction of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Shevchenko O. , Petrуk N.
Published: February 2021

The study of the dynamics of the cellular composition of the inflammatory focus showed that an increase in the level of neutrophils, basophilic and eosinophilic leukocytes occurs during the observation period with a dominance in the central parts of the inflammation focus, aeosinophilia - similarly with a prevalence in the peripheral zones. This fact indicates the transition and the beginning of the proliferation phase. The results of our studies of the cellular composition of the inflammation focus in the dynamics of secondary chronic inflammation show that the use of MSCs leads to a decrease in the chronicity of the process. This proves the possibility of using MSCs to prevent chronic inflammation.
Rehabilitation measures can restore postural balance in osteosarcopenia
Authors: Turchin N. I.
Published: February 2021

Imbalance (or postural balance, postural instability), is one of the most common complaints of osteosarcopenia patients. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of using modern computerized HUBER systems with biological feedback function in the restoration of postural balance in osteosarcopenia. Material and methods. 40 osteosarcopenia women aged 56.7 ± 2.3 years have been examined. The methods used: X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), HUBER platform; balancing platform hemisphere “OsportBosu” without biofeedback function; complex "Insight TM", Algometry; ROM, inclinometry; EMG; thermography; heart rate variability. The results of the treatment performed showed an increase in the parameters under study in all observation groups. Conclusions. Rehabilitation measures with the use of apparatus biofeedback treatment are a highly effective method in the medical maintenance and prevention of postural disorders in patients with osteosarcopenia and other disorders.
Active games of preschoolers in the measurement of personal values in Ukraine
Authors: Puyo Olga Ihorivna
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of value orientations formation of personality. Scientific researches on orientations formation value at children of preschool age and process of values formation on the basis of formation and development of personal qualities are analyzed. The model of value orientations formation at children of preschool age by means of acquisition of the corresponding personal qualities is presented. The main attention is paid to the values formation of interaction, friendship and empathy by means of active games. The authors revealed the methods of formation of value orientations of preschool children and determined the features with the help of experimental data.