bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EVOLUTION OF SMART CONTRACT PLATFORMS: A LOOK AT CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: TİMUÇİN Tunahan , BİROĞUL Serdar
Published: September 2023

Blockchain-based smart contracts are self-running computer programs that can automate a variety of commercial activities. Currently, the majority of these decentralized applications are developed using smart contract platforms like Polkadot, Cardano, and Ethereum. In addition to analyzing current technology developments and prospective future applications, this article provides a historical review of smart contract platforms. The study emphasizes the significance of smart contract platforms for supporting blockchain-based applications and enabling decentralized finance (DeFi). It also looks at the emergence of layer-2 scaling solutions, the introduction of non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and the growing need of interoperability among different smart contract platforms. The article also looks at the potential for multi-chain smart contracts, the effects of quantum computing, the integration of AI and ML technologies with smart contract platforms, and the potential for smart contract platforms to support decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). The difficulties of expanding smart contract platforms, the requirement for uniformity in the creation of smart contracts, and the potential for smart contract platforms to revolutionize sectors like healthcare, real estate, and supply chain management are also covered. The paper emphasizes the significance of ongoing innovation and development in smart contract platforms for the expansion of the blockchain ecosystem as it draws to a close.
Disrupting direct inputs from the dorsal subiculum to the granular retrosplenial cortex impairs spatial memory in the rat
Authors: Yanakieva Steliana , Frost Bethany , Amin Eman , Nelson Andrew , Aggleton John
Published: September 2023

The dorsal subiculum is the primary source of hippocampal projections to
the rat retrosplenial cortex. Although, both regions are implicated in
spatial memory and navigation, the significance of their direct
interconnections remains poorly understood. The present study
selectively disrupted dorsal subiculum projections to retrosplenial
cortex with inhibitory designer-receptors exclusively activated by
designer drugs (iDREADDs), activated locally by clozapine. iDREADDs were
injected in the dorsal subiculum in adult male rats (N=14), where they
were transported anterogradely to granular retrosplenial cortex. In a
separate control group, GFP expressing adeno-associated virus was
injected into the dorsal subiculum (N=8). Both groups received
behavioural sessions preceded either by intracerebral infusions of
clozapine or saline within retrosplenial cortex. Behavioural testing
involved reinforced T-maze alternation, with five test variations that
differentially taxed intra-maze, extra-maze, and egocentric strategies.
Disruption of the subiculum to retrosplenial projections impaired
spatial working memory whenever the test variant created a conflict
between cue-types, associated with a switch between different
strategies. These findings suggest that the direct projections from the
dorsal subiculum to the granular retrosplenial cortex help to maintain
the flexible integration of different spatial cue-types.
Molecular characterization, phylogenetic and variation analyses of SARS-CoV-2 strains in India
Authors: Chakraborty Arindom , Banerjee Meghna , Chakraborty Dipjyoti
Published: September 2023

In the wake of the havoc caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, it is
imperative to use the available genomic sequence data to gain insight
into the mutational and genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2. Here we have
performed comparative phylogenetic, mutational and genetic diversity
analysis on 1962 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from seven worst hit Indian
states during the third Covid-19 wave, to determine the Covid-19 strains
and mutations in circulation during the third wave and the transmission
pattern and disease epidemiology across the states and gain valuable
insight into the viral evolution. 6083 Single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) were discovered in the analysis with 93 SNPs common to all
states. The genetic relatedness among the statewise multilocus genotypes
was visualized by plotting a minimum spanning tree based on Bruvo’s
distance framework. The phylogenetic tree based on Nei’s genetic
distance showed distinct clades. The AMOVA results indicated that large
proportion of the total genetic variation is distributed within the
samples, rather than between the samples within each population and
between the populations. Our findings provide insight into the
SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations which dominated the third Covid-19
wave in India and thus provide a basis to monitor and further assess
these variants and their sub lineages and mutations for their clinical
impact and reaction to existing and newly designed drugs and vaccines.
The genetic diversity analysis helps in comprehending the viral
transmission scenarios across the Indian states so as to enable the
State government and researchers in developing state specific prevention
measures for future.
Angle-dependent light scattering in tissue phantoms for the case of thin bone layers with predominant forward scattering
Authors: Witke Tom , Kuhn Eduard , Teichert Fabian , Goßler Christian , Schwarz Ulrich Theodor , Thränhardt Angela
Published: September 2023

The cochlea forms a key element of the human auditory system in the
temporal bone. Damage to the cochlea continues to produce significant
impairment for sensory reception of environmental stimuli. To improve
this impairment, the optical cochlear implant forms a new research
approach. A prerequisite for this method is to understand how light
propagation, as well as scattering, reflection and absorption, takes
place within the cochlea. We offer a method to study the light
distribution in the human cochlea through phantom materials and
Monte-Carlo simulations. The calculation of an angular distribution
after scattering requires a phase function. Often approximate functions
like Henyey-Greenstein, two-term Henyey-Greenstein or Legendre
polynomial decompositions are used as phase function. An alternative is
to exactly calculate a Mie distribution for each scattering event. This
method provides a better fit to the data measured in this work.
COBRAPed cohort: Sensitization patterns do not differentiate children with severe asthma from those with a milder disease
Authors: Lejeune Stephanie , Bouazza Naïm , Nicaise Pascale , Jolaine Valérie , Roditis Lea , Marguet Christophe , Amat Flore , Berger Patrick , Fayon Michael , Dubus Jean-Christophe , Valois Sophie , Reix Philippe , Pellan Mathieu , Jacques Brouard , Chiron Raphaël , Giovannini-Chami Lisa , Blic Jacques de , Deschildre A. , LEZMI Guillaume
Published: September 2023

Background: It is unclear whether sensitization patterns differentiate
children with severe recurrent wheeze (SRW) / severe asthma (SA) from
those with non-severe recurrent wheeze (NSRW) / non-severe asthma (NSA).
Our objective was to compare the sensitization patterns between children
with SRW/SA and NSRW/NSA from the French COBRAPed cohort. Methods: IgE
to 112 components (c-sIgE) (ImmunoCAP® ISAC) were analyzed in 125
preschool (3-6 years) and 170 school-age children (7-12 years).
Supervised analyses and clustering methods were applied to identify
patterns of sensitization among children with positive c-sIgE. Results:
We observed c-sIgE sensitization in 51% of preschool and 75% of
school-age children. Sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) components
was more frequent among NSRW than SRW (53% vs 24%, p<0.01).
Sensitization to non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) components
was more frequent among SA than NSA (16% vs 4%, p<0.01) and
associated with a FEV1/FVC <-1.64 z-score. Among sensitized
children, seven clusters with varying patterns were identified. The two
broader clusters identified in each age group were characterized by
“few sensitizations, mainly to HDM”. One cluster (n=4) with “multiple
sensitizations, mainly to grass pollen, HDM, PR-10, and nsLTP” was
associated with SA in school-age children. Conclusions: Although
children with wheeze/asthma display frequent occurrences and high levels
of sensitization, the sensitization patterns did not clearly
discriminate children with severe disease from those with milder
disease. These results suggest that the severity of wheeze/asthma may
depend on both IgE- and non-IgE-mediated mechanisms.
Resveratrol Demonstrates Innate Immunity Against Adenovirus-7 by Suppressing the NF-κB/JAK-STAT Pathway in a SIRT1-Dependent Manner
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Wang Changbing , Zhao Mingqi , Yan Yuqing , Guo Min , xu tiantian , Kuang Lu , Ye Yudan , Tian Xingui , Zhu Bing
Published: September 2023

The increasing incidence of severe adenovirus cases underscores the
imperative for efficacious anti-adenovirus medications, given the
current absence of targeted therapeutic options. This study explores the
potential antiviral effects of the natural product Resveratrol (RSV) on
various cell lines, marking the first-time discovery of such properties.
The results suggest that RSV suppresses the upregulated pathways (NF-κB,
JAK-STAT) triggered by viral infections, with its mechanism contingent
upon the presence of the SIRT1 protein. Consequently, RSV mitigates the
expression of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8) as detected by ELISA.
Subsequently, we elucidate the specific amino acid sites on both RSV and
SIRT1 using macromolecular docking and protein docking methodologies.
This revelation represents the pioneering elucidation of the mechanism
and mode of action of resveratrol as an antiviral agent. These promising
results establish the substantial potential of RSV as a therapeutic
agent against adenovirus-7. The capacity to proficiently hinder
adenovirus-7 replication and demonstrate potent antiviral properties in
vitro experiments introduces novel avenues for crafting targeted
therapies to combat adenovirus infections.
The gut microbiomes of Channel Island foxes and island spotted skunks exhibit fine-scale differentiation across host species and island populations
Authors: Boychuck Samantha Pasciullo , Brenner Lara , Gagorik Calypso , Schamel Juliann , Baker Stacy , Tran Elton , vonHoldt Bridgett , Koepfli Klaus-Peter , Maldonado Jesús , DeCandia Alexandra
Published: September 2023

California’s Channel Islands are home to two endemic mammalian
carnivores: island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) and island spotted skunks
(Spilogale gracilis amphiala). Although it is rare for two insular
terrestrial carnivores to coexist, these known competitors persist on
both Santa Cruz Island and Santa Rosa Island. We hypothesized that
examination of their gut microbial communities would provide insight
into the factors that enable this coexistence, as microbial symbionts
often reflect host evolutionary history and contemporary ecology. Using
rectal swabs collected from island foxes and island spotted skunks
sampled across both islands, we generated 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing
data to characterize their gut microbiomes. While island foxes and
island spotted skunks both harbored the core mammalian microbiome, host
species explained the largest proportion of variation in the dataset. We
further identified intraspecific variation between island populations,
with greater differentiation observed between more specialist island
spotted skunk populations compared to more generalist island fox
populations. This pattern may reflect differences in resource
utilization following fine-scale niche differentiation. It may further
reflect evolutionary differences regarding the timing of intraspecific
separation. Considered together, this study contributes to the growing
catalog of wildlife microbiome studies, with important implications for
understanding how eco-evolutionary processes enable the coexistence of
terrestrial carnivores – and their microbiomes – in island
environments.
DELTA: A Modular, Transparent and Efficient Synchronization of DLTs and Databases
Authors: Peñuela F. Javier Fernández-Bravo , Aroca Jordi Arjona , Muñoz-Escoí Francesc D. , Gavrylyak Yuriy Yatsyk , García Ismael Illán , Bernabéu-Aubán José M.
Published: September 2023

Besides cryptocurrencies, DLTs may be also exploited in enterprise
systems operated by a consortium of organizations. Their interaction
takes usually place on a permissioned blockchain network that holds a
set of data to be queried frequently. In this scope, the main problem of
DLTs is their unsuitability for a fast service of complex queries on
those data. In order to solve this issue, many proposals dump the ledger
contents onto databases that, because of their own goals and design, are
already optimized for the execution of those queries. Unfortunately,
many of those proposals assume that the data to be queried consist in
only a block or (cryptocurrency-related) transaction history. However,
those organization consortiums commonly store other structured
business-related information in the DLT, and there is an evident lack of
support for querying that other kind of structured data. To remedy those
problems, DELTA synchronizes, with minimal overhead, the DLT state into
a database, providing: (1) a modular architecture with event-based
handling of DLT updates that supports different DLTs and databases, (2)
a transparent management, since DLT end users do not need to learn or
use any new API in order to handle that synchronization (i.e., those
users still rely on the original interface provided by their chosen
DLT), (3) the efficient execution of complex queries on those structured
data. Thus, DELTA reduces query times up to five orders of magnitude,
depending on the DLT and the database, compared to queries directed to
the ledger nodes.
Regenerated Oxidized Cellulose as a Sealant and Adhesive in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull base Reconstruction
Authors: Vedhapoodi Ashwin Gajendran , Sabesan Aravind , F Benazir , V Saravana Selvan , Rajarajan Venkatesan , R Baskar A , K Prabhuraman , Natarajan Bhuvaneswari
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of Regenerated Oxidised
Cellulose (ROC) gauze (Surgicel) as a tissue sealant and adhesive, in
addition to its hemostatic role, in the reconstruction of skull base
defects following endoscopic endonasal Skull base surgery.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of
patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery with
skull base defect and intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, for
which reconstruction was performed using fibrin glue or ROC or both as a
sealant and adhesive. Demographic data, approach used, type of
intraoperative CSF leak, type of repair performed, type of sealant and
adhesive used, and postoperative CSF leak rates with different agents
used were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients were
investigated. Fibrin glue alone was used initially in six (9.4%)
patients as a sealant/adhesive, of which four (66.6%) experienced
postoperative CSF leak. Both fibrin glue and surgicel (ROC) were used in
26 (46.43%) patients, among which two (7.6%) exhibited postoperative
CSF leak. Surgicel (ROC) alone was used as sealant/adhesive in 24
(42.86%) patients, wherein two (8.3%) presented with postoperative CSF
leak. Fibrin glue alone was once again used later in the learning curve
in eight (12.5%) patients, of which two (25%) experienced
postoperative CSF leak (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: ROC is a useful
adjunct in endoscopic endonasal reconstruction of skull base defects
with both hemostatic and sealant/adhesive effects and can be used for
holding the reconstruction in position until complete healing occurs.
KEYWORDS: Surgicel, Regenerated oxidised cellulose, CSF leak,
tissue sealant, tissue adhesive.
Recommendations for the selection of nucleoside analogues as antihuman herpesvirus drugs: A real-world analysis of reported cases from the FDA adverse event reporting system
Authors: Gao Caixia , Dong Xiaomei , zhang Jun , Mao Lejiao , Guo Changxin , Qin Xia , Zou Zhen
Published: September 2023

Objective: Based on the discovery and summary of adverse drug reactions
of nucleotide analogues against herpes virus drugs, this study aims to
analyze the situations of ADRs in the real world, put forward reasonable
drug use recommendations, refine the rules of use, and formulate
necessary alternative strategies to provide protection against herpes
virus infection, and provide guidance and reference for the rational and
individualized use of clinical drugs. Methods: All ADRs data of the
drugs from the Q1 of 2004 to the Q4 of 2022 were obtained from the FDA
Adverse Event Reporting System database. Duplicate reports, reports with
uncertain information, and other reports containing abnormal information
were excluded from the obtained data, and the data with more than 3
reports were selected. Apply the ROR, PRR and BCPNN in the
disproportionality analysis for data mining . Results: All data from the
Q1 of 2004 to the Q4 of 2022 were screened from the FAERS database. For
ADEs with high frequency SOC level, we found that several important
signals, including ADEs of ACV, GCV and VACV, simultaneously involved
the following SOC systems: kidney and urinary system diseases, nervous
system disease, skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases and mental
diseases. Conclusion: Analysis of the FAERS database suggests that in
addition to paying attention to efficacy, drug administration should be
individualized according to the specific condition and potential risk of
disease.
COMPREENSÕES DE LICENCIANDOS DO CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS A RESPEITO DA SÍNDROME DE DOWN E SUAS INTERFACES HISTÓRICAS
Authors: Borowski Pietricoski Luciana , Della Justina Lourdes Aparecida
Published: September 2023

A Síndrome de Down é uma condição genética que apresenta um longo percurso histórico de construção do seu conhecimento e é importante perceber as compreensões da sociedade a respeito desta condição. Nesse sentido, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram reconhecer as compreensões de licenciandos em Biologia quanto às aproximações e distanciamentos da construção histórica do conhecimento científico acerca da Síndrome de Down e identificar os saberes docentes mobilizados pelos licenciandos durante oficinas didáticas sobre a síndrome. No percurso metodológico, utilizamos como processo analítico a Análise Textual Discursiva em transcrições de uma apresentação oral, realizada a partir de um fluxograma elaborado por dezoito licenciandos de um curso de Ciências Biológicas a respeito da Síndrome de Down, além das transcrições de duas oficinas didáticas desenvolvidas por seis dos dezoito licenciandos durante o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado em Biologia I. Ainda, utilizamos os pressupostos teóricos de Tardif (2014) para identificar os saberes docentes mobilizados nas oficinas. Desse corpus de análise, foram identificadas as unidades de significado, e a partir delas emergiram categorias de análise. Destas, no presente artigo, abordaremos duas: 1) Historicidade da construção do conhecimento a respeito da Síndrome de Down, e 2) Compreensões da Síndrome de Down no que tange o conhecimento biológico. Percebemos a heterogeneidade nas compreensões dos licenciandos sobre a síndrome, demonstrando que alguns apresentam entendimentos baseados em historicidades e articulados com o senso comum, principalmente nas compreensões de “doença” e normatividade. Também identificamos a presença de compreensões limitadas em relação ao conhecimento biológico a respeito da síndrome, por exemplo, sendo uma alteração gênica. Nas oficinas didáticas, reconhecemos mobilizações dos saberes docentes disciplinar, curricular e profissional articulando teoria e prática, e os saberes experienciais em construção, partindo das vivências possibilitadas pelo estágio e que podem contribuir na sua identidade profissional. Com esse estudo, esperamos contribuir na difusão de conhecimentos para superar paradigmas e preconceitos quanto à Síndrome de Down, bem como refletir sobre o processo formativo em Biologia, oportunizando atividades e ações que também possam contribuir na construção dos saberes docentes pelos licenciandos.
'Achieving Normoglycemia with Tirzepatide: Analysis of SURPASS 1-4 trials'
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Vázquez Luis , Prato Stefano Del , Franco Denise Reis , Weerakkody Govinda J. , Dai Biyue , Fernández Landó Laura , Bergman Brandon K , Rodríguez Angel
Published: September 2023

Objective

Tirzepatide is a novel single-molecule GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, that demonstrated unprecedented improvements in glycemic control and body weight loss, in the SURPASS phase 3 program. In this exploratory analysis, we aimed to characterize tirzepatide-treated participants who achieved HbA1c <5.7% and evaluate changes in clinical markers associated with long-term cardiometabolic health.

Research design and methods

Baseline characteristics and change from baseline to Week 40 for several efficacy and safety parameters were analyzed according to HbA1c attainment category (<5.7%, 5.7-6.5% and >6.5%) using descriptive statistics in participants taking ≥75% of treatment doses, without rescue medication, in the SURPASS 1-4 trials (N=3229). Logistic regression models with tirzepatide doses adjusted as a covariate, were used to obtain odds ratios and assess the impact of patient characteristics achieving an HbA1c <5.7%.

Results

Tirzepatide-treated participants who achieved HbA1c <5.7% were slightly younger, with shorter duration of diabetes and lower HbA1c value at baseline compared to those who did not achieve HbA1c <5.7%. In addition, they showed greater improvements in HbA1c, body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, liver enzymes, and lipid parameters without increasing hypoglycemia risk.

Conclusions

Normoglycemia was unprecedently achieved in a significant proportion of participants in the SURPASS clinical program, without increasing hypoglycemia risk, and was associated with an overall improvement in metabolic health.
Numerical study of ultrashort laser-induced microjet formation on the metal film based on the Navier–Stokes equation
Authors: Esmaeili Melika , Arabanian Atoosa Sadat , Najafi Somayeh , Massudi Reza
Published: September 2023

A two-temperature model (TTM) for the electron-phonon thermal equilibrium is used to determine the heat distribution and laser fluence threshold for melting a thin metal film coated on a glass substrate and irradiated by an ultrashort laser pulse. This study proposes a novel model based on the Navier–Stokes equation to explain the formation of jet-shaped structures in the film's molten region. By solving this equation and obtaining the temporal evolution of the velocity distribution and displacement in the molten region, the Marangoni convection effect can be numerically demonstrated, and the circular motion of the fluid can describe the formation of a jet-shaped structure in the central region of the radiation. The results are compared to those obtained by numerically solving the thermo-elastoplastic equations, and also, to the previously reported experimental results to ensure the accuracy of the microjet height calculated by the Navier–Stokes equation. Good agreement is observed, particularly when the temperature of the irradiated area is significantly over the film's melting temperature. In addition, several calculations are performed for various pulse fluences. In both models, increasing the pulse fluences leads to an increase in the height of microjets.
Budaya Stratifikasi Sosial terhadap Kesenjangan Ekonomi Keluarga dan Kualitas Pendidikan pada Anak
Authors: Khoironi Muhammad Fajar , Sudrajat Arief
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui budaya yang ada pada masyarakat menegenai kesenjangan ekonomi keluarga dan kualitas pendidikan pada anak yang terjadi di Kota Surabaya yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kesenjangan didapat karena adanya pembeda atau kelas antar sekolah yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan hasil observsasi serta wawancara menjadi gambaran umum dalam hasil penelitian. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengacu pada teori konflik oleh Karl Marx yaitu penentuan sosial dari perilaku individu bahwa manusia atau masyarakat menurut kodratnya selalu mengejar kepentingan sendiri. Marx juga percaya bahwa manusia memiliki sifat egois pada sifat hubungan dimana ia dilahirkan atau dibesarkan. Menutrut Marx, kehidupan individu dan masyarakat didasarkan pada ekonomi sebagai pengaruh utama. Hasil dari penelitian ini budaya yang diciptakan oleh masyarakat yang berkepanjangan dan menciptakan stratifikasi sosial mengenai kesenjangan kualitas pendidikan pada anak berdasarkan pengalaman yang dimana masih banyak sekolah yang mengkategorikan pendidikan dengan kualitas yang sangat bagus hanya untuk kalangan yang mampu saja namun bagi anak yang kurang mampu dapat merasskan pendidikan tersebut hanya dengan bantuan dari pemerintah saja seperti program yang ada di Surabaya khususnya yaitu mitra warga untuk golongan anak pada keluarga yang kurang mampu.
Perempuan dalam Pariwisata: Implementasi Kebijakan Pengarusutamaan Gender pada pengelolaan Objek Wisata Tukad Bindu di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Putra I Putu Adi Permana
Published: September 2023

Kebijakan Pengarusutamaan Gender merupakan sebuah strategi yang dibangun untuk mengintegrasikan gender menjadi satu dimensi integral dalam kegiatan pembangunan di Daerah. Kesetaraan gender perlu diwujudkan pada berbagai sektor dan salah satunya adalah pariwisata. Sebuah fenomena ditemukan bahwa keberhasilan penataan Tukad Bindu belum tampak representasi kaum perempuan secara administratif. Padahal dalam praktik lapangan, kaum perempuan berperan dan terlibat aktif dalam pengelolaannya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan pengarusutamaan gender dalam menjawab fenomena yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik penentuan informan yang dipilih yaitu purposive sampling. Adapun metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui observasi non partisipatif, wawancara terstuktur dan bebas, serta dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan melalui analisis data kualitatif manual, diantaranya pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Kemudian melakukan uji keabsahan data melalui triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan pengarusutamaan gender pada pengelolaan objek wisata Tukad Bindu telah dilaksanakan namun belum optimal. Ketidakoptimalnya implementasi kebijakan terlihat dari ketidaktahuan masyarakat mengenai standar dan sasaran kebijakan pengarusutamaan gender, keterbatasan sumber anggaran, dan kondisi pandemi Covid-19.
Culture-Led Regeneration and Creative Tourism Development in Indonesia's City Slums: Some Findings from Tangerang City
Authors: Lestari Forina , Karenina Anna , Nasution Anthony P
Published: September 2023

Tourism has been in the spotlight recently, especially in urban slum areas. Many studies have reviewed slum areas. However, transforming slums into creative tourism villages or kampungs is a new phenomenon that emerged in urban slums in Indonesia. Creative kampung, in particular, is a form of tourism that changes the slum area into a tourist destination. This study aims to explore the extent of the creative tourism kampung's sustainability and the role of stakeholders in ensuring the sustainability of this creative tourism village. This study employs descriptive analysis by combining in-depth interviews and literature analysis to unravel creative kampung in practice. This study found that the kampungs' transformation can be seen in physical, social, and environmental dimensions. Moreover, this study also outlines an appropriate strategy to ensure the sustainability of creative kampung. Stakeholders' collaboration to maintain social capital and economic value is proposed to sustain the creative kampung initiatives. It is because creative kampung provides a way to preserve culture and, at the same time, boost the local economy. Therefore, transforming slum villages in many cities into creative tourist villages is one of the solutions for dealing with urban slums.
The Role of Women's Agricultural Workers and Household Economic Resilience
Authors: Sabar Wardihan , Rahim Abd. , Bato Aulia Rahman
Published: September 2023

The involvement of women in the agricultural sector can be viewed in various aspects of social, economic, political, cultural, and religious life. This article describes the role of women's agricultural workers concerning household economic resilience, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research also seeks to systematically reveal the factors that encourage women to choose to become agricultural workers compared to other sectors and the obstacles they face in efforts to increase household economic resilience. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study. This study involved six informants who were selected using a purposive technique. Documentation techniques and in-depth interviews were carried out for data collection. The results showed that women had an essential contribution to the economic resilience of farmer households before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pattern of short-term farming ranging from 3-4 months is seen as needing to be more prospective to support the family's economy. Economic background, education background, low skills, and the perception of independent women are seen as factors causing women to work as agricultural workers to help with family finances. The role of women is significant in maintaining household economic resilience both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Urgent basic needs can be met even though most are at the minimum level of fulfillment. The expertise of women farm workers in managing and allocating income positively impacts aspects of family economic resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Model Pendekatan Adaptif sebagai Upaya Membangkitkan Resiliensi UMKM
Authors: Suryawati Suryawati , Budi Helpiastuti Selfi , Firdaus Alfareza , Suji Suji
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bermula dari berbagai kebijakan yang telah diterapkan oleh pemerintah pusat guna membangkitkan kembali perekonomian nasional di masa pandemi termasuk UMKM yang masih belum menunjukkan hasil yang optimal. Hambatan utama para pelaku UMKM berupa akses permodalan yang terbatas, promosi dan distribusi yang terhambat, sarana produksi yang tidak memadai serta geliat perekonomian yang lesu di masa pandemi.  Upaya untuk pemulihan  tidak hanya dibebankan pada pemerintah pusat semata, pemerintah daerah juga bertanggungjawab atas hal ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain strategi dan diskresi kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah (local discretion) untuk meningkatkan daya resiliensi ekonomi UMKM. Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). SSM merupakan sebuah perspektif penelitian yang mampu menganalisis situasi masalah yang berantakan (tidak terstruktur) menjadi situasi masalah terstruktur berikut pula dengan bangun desain model konseptual yang sesuai dengan situasi masalah yang ada. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masalah utama yang terjadi dalam upaya membangkitkan resiliensi ekonomi UMKM yaitu kurangnya peran pemerintah daerah dalam mendorong upaya fasilitasi dan pembantuan UMKM. Model konseptual yang dikonstruksi untuk menjabarkan masalah yang ada yakni melalui Pendekatan Adaptif (adaptive approach)  dengan tiga unsur pembentuk yaitu aktivitas kelembagaan, sistem teknologi yang adaptif, dan partisipasi publik.
Jejak Citra Kuno Orang Tenganan dalam Foto Masa Kolonial 1920-1940
Authors: Suyadnya I Wayan , Kanto Sanggar , Putra I Nyoman Darma , Prianti Desi Dwi
Published: September 2023

Artikel ini mengungkapkan pesan khas dari gambar fotografi pada masa kolonial tentang primitivisme melalui Tenganan Pegringsingan masa kolonial sebagai studi kasus. Beberapa foto terbatas tentang Tenganan yang diperkirakan diambil pada tahun 1920-1940 menggambarkan orang dan kehidupan masyarakat masa itu. Tiga kategori utama dari gambar dianalisis, yaitu lanskap dan arsitektur pemukiman, manusia Tenganan, dan aktivitas dan budaya material. Ketiga kategori menampilkan diri dengan gambaran kesan publik mengenai konsep kuno atau primitif. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan data visual (fotografi) melalui analisis citra fotografi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa gambar fotografi kolonial memberikan ide pembekuan citra dan kesan primitif pada orang Tenganan. Gagasan yang hadir melalui gambar fotografi itu adalah  cara-cara mereka dibedakan dengan orang luar, misalnya melalui pakaian dan cara kontak mata dengan orang luar (Belanda). Ide tentang lingkungan ideal dan figuratif bagi orang Tenganan dan publik umum, berupa autentik, kuno, dan seragam, dihadirkan sebagai lanskap yang harus dipertahankan secara kokoh. Pada akhirnya proyeksi kolonial tentang Tenganan melalui fotografi berintegrasi dengan dunia imajinasi lokal orang Tenganan.
Strategi Adaptasi Petani Minyak Putih dalam Memanfaatkan Jejaring Sosial dan Pola Makan Menghadapi Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Umanailo Muhamad Chairul Basrun
Published: September 2023

Minyak kayu putih merupakan komoditas unggulan daerah Kabupaten Buru, minyak yang berasal dari tanaman epidemik kayu putih yang memiliki sifat antiseptik, antibakteri dan antijamur. Disaat pandemi COVID-19, banyak industri yang membutuhkan untuk dijadikan bahan dasar obat-obatan. Namun pada kenyataanya, kondisi yang berbeda akan kita temui saat melihat kehidupan keseharian petani minyak kayu putih dimana dengan kondisi ekonomi yang cukup memprihatinkan serta keberadaan lingkungan sosial ekonomi yang tertinggal dibandingkan pekerja pada sektor lain. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk memberikan deskripsi tentang kondisi petani minyak kayu putih selama pandemi COVID-19 serta mengaitkan strategi adaptasi petani minyak kayu putih, jaringan sosial serta kebiasaan makan untuk mempertahankan keberlangsungan hidup sehari-hari. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dengan tujuan mempelajari kesadaran masyarakat dalam setting tertentu. Penentuan informan dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive. Data yang direkam, catatan, wawancara, tinjauan pustaka, dan partisipasi digunakan untuk menyediakan data. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa pandemic telah membatasi kesempatan untuk bekerja sehingga menyebabkan petani minyak kayu putih menjadi “inovator” dengan menjual minyak secara langsung tanpa melalui mekanisme yang telah disepakati Bersama. Pada bagian lain, adanya kemapanan melahirkan pola konformitas bagi petani dimana aksesbilitas yang terbuka dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup melalui pekerjaan menyuling daun kayu putih. Struktur sosial yang dibentuk oleh hubungan-hubungan emosi ini cenderung lebih mantap dan permanen dan memiliki pengaruh yang kuat terhadap pola adaptasi petani minyak kayu putih sehingga kebiasaan makan menjadi sebuah perilaku yang dipengaruhi sikap serta norma subjektif pola adaptasi yang dilakukan petani kayu putih dalam menghadapi situasi sulit dimasa pandemi.
Pertentangan Integritas Anak Petani dalam Pekerjaan di Era Modern
Authors: Subki Muhammad , Azhari Sukron
Published: September 2023

Dengan adanya era modern yang menghadirkan berbagai peralatan dan sistem pertanian yang canggih mampu memunculkan pertanian yang keratif dan inovatif. Namun jika dilihat dari kondisi pertanian yang dilakukan petani sasak, kondisi tersebut tidak berdampak positif malah menghadirkan dampak negatif baik petani dan anak petani di Desa Wakan, Kecamatan Jerowaru, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Dengan demikian tujuan dari tulisan ini untuk melihat pertentangan integritas yang dimiliki oleh anak petani dan orang tuanya dalam dunia pekerjaan. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, dengan pengumpulan data secara obsevasi partisipan yang dimana peneliti ikut lansung ditengah petani sasak di Desa Wakan dan ikut bergaul dengan anak petani sasak yang berusia 20-30 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini terbagi menjadi tigal hal. Pertama, pertentangan integritas anak petani dengan orang tua dalam hal pekerjaan dilatarbelakangi atas kondisi pertanian yang dilakukan petani sasak yang mengalami kesulitan, seperti harga jual rendah, sulitnya pembelian pupuk, kurangnya kereativitas, dan mahalnya kebutuhan pertanian. Kedua, perubahan minat anak petani dalam pekerjaan disektor pertanian berdasarkan pengalaman sejak kecil diranah pertanian, dan adanya dorongan dari orang tua dalam menggeluti pekerjaan yang diluar ranah pertanian. Ketiga, adanya era modern yang semakin maju terutama dampak yang dihadirkan mampu merubah pola pikir anak petani dan orang tua petani dalam memandang pekerjaan yang harus digeluti kedepannya, menyebabkan rata-rata anak petani di Desa Wakan mengecam pendidikan sampai tingkat perguruan tinggi sebagai modal dalam pekerjaan yang digeluti kedepannya.
Glass Ceiling pada Pekerja Perempuan: Studi Literatur
Authors: Septiana Ade Nuri , Haryanti Rina Herlina
Published: September 2023

Partisipasi perempuan dalam posisi manajemen puncak yang masih rendah menyebabkan munculnya fenomena glass ceiling di lingkungan kerja. Perempuan masih mengalami hambatan transparan yang menyebabkan mereka kesulitan untuk menapaki jenjang karier strategis di perusahaan atau organisasi. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab dari glass ceiling, strategi yang perlu dilakukan dan kondisi pasca glass ceiling. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur tentang fenomena glass ceiling yang dialami oleh perempuan. Dengan menggunakan teknik traditional review (tidak sistematis) pada 10 jurnal internasional yang membahas topik terkait glass ceiling dari tahun 2019 sampai 2022. Hasil dari penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat berbagai macam faktor-faktor penyebab munculnya glass ceiling yang terjadi baik di sektor swasta dan publik. Faktor-faktor tersebut meliputi faktor dari dalam diri perempuan, faktor dari perusahaan atau organisasi di mana perempuan bekerja, dan faktor preferensi. Oleh karena itu, dalam menghadapi glass ceiling perlu adanya strategi yang harus dilakukan untuk menghilangkan fenomena ini. Akan tetapi, meskipun perempuan sudah mampu menghilangkan glass ceiling. Mereka masih tetap mendapatkan tantangan lainnya seperti prasangka dan stereotip negatif, perlakuan diskriminasi, perasaan kesepian, dan peran ganda.
Within-Community Conflict on Mining Policy: Assessing Implication in Rural Indonesia
Authors: Alfirdaus Laila Kholid , Yuwono Teguh , Ardianto Hendra , Manar Dzunuwwanus Ghulam
Published: September 2023

The case of Kendeng, Rembang regency, Central Java, due to the expansion of cement factory buildings in Tuban and Gresik East Java, has led to conflict not only between the community and policymakers but also between community members. This paper discusses the fragmentation in the community by mapping argumentation behind pro and contra the policy. Based on research during 2018-2019, applying desk study, interviews, and direct observation, this paper identifies that the conflict has led to the social grouping into pro-, anti-cement, and neutral people, which impacted the daily social life of the community. The grouping has created tension in daily social relationships, creating fragmentation among the village community members. The case allows us to reflect more on the need for the policy to be aware of the social impact of a development policy within the community; moreover, for rural communities, the neighborhood is a crucial institution for them.
Strategi Penghidupan, Manajemen Keuangan, Kerentanan Ekonomi, dan Ketahanan Keluarga Nelayan
Authors: Mustika Ira , Herawati Tin , Muflikhati Istiqlaliyah
Published: September 2023

Perubahan iklim memberikan dampak terhadap ketidakstabilan ekonomi keluarga nelayan sehingga menjadikan keluarga nelayan rentan secara ekonomi. Kondisi tersebut menjadikan keluarga perlu melakukan strategi penghidupan dan manajemen keuangan agar keluarga mampu mencapai ketahanan keluarga. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik keluarga, strategi penghidupan, manajemen keuangan, dan kerentanan ekonomi terhadap ketahanan keluarga nelayan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Jumlah responden yang terlibat adalah 100 orang istri. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dan analisis SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi penghidupan, manajemen keuangan, dan ketahanan keluarga nelayan berada pada kategori rendah, sementara kerentanan ekonomi keluarga nelayan berada pada kategori tinggi. Manajemen keuangan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap ketahanan keluarga. Kerentanan ekonomi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ketahanan keluarga.
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work in the Indonesian Public Sector
Authors: Silitonga Ferry , Isbah M Falikul
Published: September 2023

This study explores the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the public sector, particularly how AI adoption affects employment and the future of work. The questions are what the correlation between AI and the future of work is and how the Indonesian government has developed strategies to adopt AI in the public sector. We sought data from various sources and found Indonesia’s National Strategy on AI, published by the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), to be the most relevant. We reviewed and discussed the paper by cross-referencing with the emerging studies on AI in the global context. We found a strong link between AI adoption and changing employment structure, which requires skills upgrades and human resource deployment restructure. Looking into the sectors more closely, we argue that AI adoption will dramatically change the nature of work and employment structure in healthcare and bureaucracy but will only moderately affect education, food security, mobility, and smart cities.
Should Government be the Only Provider of Social Protection in Developing Countries? A Case of Indonesia
Authors: Istiqamah Nini Salwa
Published: September 2023

The rapid expansion of social protection schemes is developing, not only in industrialized states but also in developing countries. This shift implies a growing recognition of social safety nets' essential role in achieving equitable and sustainable development. This trend is also crucial to support the global effort to alleviate poverty. This essay analyzes which actor should provide social protection in developing countries. It is essential to analyze the social protection discourse among scholars and international organizations and then examine which actor should be responsible for the protection. This study employs qualitative research, collecting the data through library research. This study argued that based on a moral, philosophical approach, ideally, the government should be the only provider of social protection. However, in developing countries, resources are limited, meaning external parties should also be encouraged to contribute to social protection schemes. This statement is proven in the case of the Indonesian government's experience in providing social protection for its people.
Determinants of Economic Growth, Poverty, and Unemployment: A Path Analysis Study
Authors: Harsono Iwan , Purnamawati I Gusti Ayu , Demung Ida Wayan
Published: September 2023

The main objective of this study is to reveal the role of regional own-source revenues, development spending, and regional minimum wages for economic growth, poverty, and unemployment in this research. A quantitative approach with path analysis was used in this study, which was in Cities and Regencies in Bali Province for the 2015-2021 period. A sample of 62 was analyzed using multiple linear regression methods. The results of the study state that Original Local Government Revenue (PAD), development expenditures, and regional minimum wages have a significant and positive effect on economic growth. PAD and regional minimum wages have a significant and positive effect on poverty, and development spending has a significant and negative effect. PAD does not affect unemployment. Development spending and regional minimum wages significantly and positively affect unemployment.
Pengembangan E-Modul Interaktif Berbasis Aplikasi Canva Pada Materi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Indonesia Siswa SMA
Authors: Taufan Agum , Astutik Sri , Muhammad Asyroful Mujib  , Elan Artono Nurdin  , Bejo Apriyanto
Published: September 2023

Pengembangan e-modul dilakukan untuk menjadi salah satu bahan ajar yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber belajar peserta didik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui validitas dan respon siswa terhadap pengembangan e-modul interaktif berbasis aplikasi canva pada materi pengelolaan sumber daya alam Indonesia siswa SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan atau Research and Development dengan model pengembangan Planning, Production, and Evaluation (PPE). Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik deskripsi kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian yaitu produk e-modul sudah dibuat menggunakan aplikasi canva dan divalidasi oleh ahli bahan ajar, ahli materi, serta praktisi pembelajaran dengan nilai ratarata 94,4% kategori sangat baik dan layak diujicobakan. Uji respon siswa dilakukan dalam dua kelas yaitu uji coba kelas kecil dengan hasil 91,7 dan uji coba kelas besar memiliki hasil 90,3 dengan kategori keduanya termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik.
Pemetaan Demam Berdarah Dengue dan hubungannya dengan Ketinggian Wilayah, Kemiskinan, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis di Provinsi Papua
Authors: Valgunadi Ade Novit , Ikfina Chairani
Published: September 2023

Ancaman bencana disetiap wilayah selalu ada termasuk kasus non alam seperti endemik penyakit salah satunya adalah Demam Berdarah Dengue. (DBD). DBD adalah adalah penyakit yang diakibatkan oleh virus dengue yang biasanya ada di nyamuk berjenis Aedes Aegypti dan Aedes Albocpictus dengan gelaja yang muncul seperti ditandai dengan demam, sakit kepala, belakang bola mata nyeri, mual, dan adanya manifestasi perdarahan misalnya mimisan, dan lainnya. Provinsi Papua merupakan daerah yang endemik terhadap kasus DBD. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan kasus DBD serta dikorelasikan dengan variabel ketinggian, kemiskinan, dan indeks pembangunan manusia sehingga hasilnya diharapkan menjadi bahan baca untuk kasus DBD.  Penelitian termasuk pengembangan dengan studi literatur dan waktu penelitian dari awal sampai akhir yaitu 20 Maret 2023 sampai 12 April 2023. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sistem informasi geografis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan untuk variabel kemiskinan dan ketinggian tempat terhadap kasus DBD memiliki pengaruh negatif dengan artian H0 = ditolak sedangkan untuk IPM memiliki pengaruh positif dengan artian H0 = diterima/tidak ditolak. Dari semua itu ternyata kasus DBD harus ditangani secara serius dengan salah satunya memerhatikan peningkatan indeks pembangunan manusia (IPM) dari tiap daerah yang ada di Provinsi Papua.
Proyeksi Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan Beras di Provinsi DIY Tahun 2045
Authors: Rusadi Akhmad Gilang
Published: September 2023

Salah satu upaya menjaga ketersediaan beras adalah dengan melakukan proyeksi kebutuhan, produksi, serta ketersediaan beras di masa mendatang.  Penelitian “Proyeksi Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan Beras di Provinsi DIY Tahun 2045” ini menggunakan beberapa data sekunder yang diperoleh dari BPS Provinsi DIY tahun 2019-2022. Data tersebut diolah menggunakan software Microsoft Excel untuk mengetahui daerah yang mengalami surplus atau defisit beras pada 2045. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa 3 kabupaten yaitu Kabupaten Gunungkidul (78.408 ton), Kulon Progo (61.798 ton), dan Bantul (37.721 ton) diprediksi mengalami surplus ketersediaan beras. Sementara itu, 2 daerah yaitu Kota Yogyakarta (-60.924 ton) dan Kabupaten Sleman (-28.267 ton) mengalami defisit beras. Penelitian ini memiliki 2 manfaat. Pertama, untuk pemantauan ketersediaan beras sehingga dapat diketahui pada tahun berapa sebuah daerah mulai mengalami penurunan atau defisit beras. Kedua, sebagai informasi “posisi” beras di masa mendatang sehingga dapat ditentukan alur distribusi beras dari daerah surplus ke daerah defisit beras.