bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ylenes in the MII→SiIV (M=Si, Ge, Sn) Coordination Mode
Authors: Wagler Jörg , Brendler Erica , Langer Thorsten , Pöttgen Rainer , Heine Thomas , Zhechkov Lyuben
Published: November 2010

The reaction of the methimazolyl (mt, i.e., 2‐mercapto‐1‐methylimidazolide) substituted silane Si(mt)4 with SnCl2 and GeCl2 in dioxane affords the paddlewheel‐shaped complexes [ClSi(μ‐mt)4MCl] (M=Sn (1) and Ge (2), respectively). These compounds represent the first crystallographically characterized hexacoordinate silicon complexes comprising a Sn or Ge atom in the Si coordination sphere. An attempt to synthesize the related silicon compound 3 [ClSi(μ‐mt)4SiCl] instead afforded the trisilane [ClSi(μ‐mt)4SiSiCl3] (3 a), which provides the first crystallographic evidence for the feasibility of oligosilanes with adjacent hexacoordinate Si atoms. One of the hexacoordinate Si atoms of 3 a features the unprecedented (Si2S4)Si skeleton. Natural bonding orbital (NBO) analyses of compounds 1, 2, 3 a (and the target compound 3) revealed characteristics of MII→SiIV (for 2 and 3) or MI→SiIV (for 3 a) dative bonding in the systems with M=Si and Ge, whereas compound 1 exhibits a covalent SnIII−SiIII bond.
Water Adsorption on Oxidized Single Atomic Vacancies Present at the Surface of Small Carbonaceous Nanoparticles Modeling Soot
Authors: Oubal Mohamed , Picaud Sylvain , Rayez Marie‐Thérèse , Rayez Jean‐Claude
Published: November 2010

Quantum calculations are used to study the interaction of water molecules with carbonaceous clusters containing one single carbon atom vacancy. This is a simple but realistic way to model the active surfaces found in soot emitted by aircrafts. Prior to water adsorption, the atomic vacancy is oxidised by an approaching oxygen molecule, which is also likely to occur behind planes. The results of the calculations show that this oxidation process results in the formation of one ketone‐like site and one epoxide‐like site around the atomic vacancy. These sites may act as nucleation centers for water molecules, which are, however, physisorbed on the oxidized surface, leading to very weak charge transfer with the surface. Although less attractive for water than, for instance, a carboxyl‐like site, the ketone‐like site can also participate in the hydrophilic behavior of soot primary particles. In contrast, the epoxide‐like site formed around the vacancy shows a very low affinity for water molecules.
Torsion method for measuring piezooptic coefficients
Authors: Skab I. , Smaga I. , Savaryn V. , Vasylkiv Yu. , Vlokh R.
Published: November 2010

We develop and describe analytically a torsion method for measuring piezooptic coefficients associated with shear stresses. It is shown that the method enables to increase significantly the accuracy of determination of piezooptic coefficients. The method and the appropriate apparatus are verified experimentally on the example of LiNbO3 crystals. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dimorphic Modifications of the Thiocyanato‐Bridged Coordination Polymer [Ni(NCS)2(pyridazine)(H2O)0.5]n with Different Magnetic Properties
Authors: Wriedt Mario , Näther Christian
Published: November 2010

Reaction of nickel(II) thiocyanate with pyridazine under hydrothermal conditions leads to the formation of the hemihydrate [Ni(NCS)2(pyridazine)(H2O)0.5]n (1I). The crystal structure was determined by X‐ray single‐crystal structure analysis. In the crystal structure two types of NiII cations are found. Both are coordinated by one μ‐1,1‐NCS‐ and two μ‐1,3‐NCS‐bridging thiocyanato anions as well as two μ‐1,2‐bridging pyridazine ligands. The octahedral coordination sphere of Ni1 is completed by one coordinating water molecule and that of Ni2 by one terminal N‐bonded thiocyanato anion. These building blocks are connected into chains, which are further connected into a 2D polymeric network by strong interchain hydrogen bonding. By thermal decomposition of the precursor compound 1I, a new anhydrate [Ni(NCS)2(pyridazine)]n (2) is obtained. On rehydration, this compound transforms into a new polymorphic hemihydrate modification 1II. Magnetic measurements of both forms show completely different behavior: Whereas modification 1I shows a long‐range antiferromagnetic ordering state at TN = 5.4 K, modification 1II only shows Curie–Weiss paramagnetism with weak ferromagnetic interactions.
A New Sequential Intramolecular Cyclization Based on the Boekelheide Rearrangement
Authors: Massaro Assunta , Mordini Alessandro , Mingardi Anna , Klein Jens , Andreotti Daniele
Published: November 2010

Pyrrolidines and piperidines were synthesized from (aminoalkyl)pyridine N‐oxides with a general and quite efficient method developed by using di‐tert‐butylsilyl bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) as a new promoter for a Boekelheide‐type reaction. The use of a new Boekelheide promoter, which is compatible with amino groups, opens new perspectives in view of its application in intramolecular cyclizations.
Consumptive use of water in Brassica napus L. from flowering to ripening stage under rainless region conditions
Authors: Pivec Jan , Brant Václav , Bečka David , Cihlář Pavel
Published: November 2010

This study provides a contribution towards increased knowledge on the consumptive water use by arable crops within the temperate climatic zone under specified weather conditions in the field as the main aim of this work. Water demands of Brassica napus L. (Navajo variety) crops were evaluated by the T 4.2 (EMS Brno, CZ) sapflow meter under the field conditions of central Bohemia during the years 2005, 2007 and 2008. The evaluation took place during the BBCH 65–87 growth stages. Daily average values of sapflow (Q, kg day−1), measured for individual plants in 2005, fluctuated from the beginning to the end of the fruit development stage (BBCH 79) within the interval ranging from 0.002 to 0.117 kg day−1. In 2007 they fluctuated from 0.002 to 0.075 kg day−1 for the same period and in 2008 from 0.014 to 0.201 kg day−1. The average water consumption (average of 2005, 2007 and 2008) by the crop estimated for BBCH 77–80 stages fluctuated within a 3.2–4.1 mm interval. In the BBCH 81 stage the average water consumption of crop reached 2.3 mm and in the BBCH 85 stage only 0.5 mm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WEIGHTED SMOOTH TRANSITION REGRESSIONS
Authors: Becker Ralf , Osborn Denise R.
Published: November 2010

A new procedure is proposed for modelling nonlinearity of a smooth transition form, by allowing the transition variable to be a weighted function of lagged observations. This function depends on two unknown parameters and requires specification of the maximum lag only. Nonlinearity testing for this specification uses a search over a plausible set of weight function parameters, combined with bootstrap inference. Finite‐sample results show that the recommended wild bootstrap heteroskedasticity‐robust testing procedure performs well, for both homoskedastic and heteroskedastic data‐generating processes. Forecast comparisons relative to linear models and other nonlinear specifications of the smooth transition form confirm that the new WSTR model delivers good performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A RANK‐ORDERED LOGIT MODEL WITH UNOBSERVED HETEROGENEITY IN RANKING CAPABILITIES
Authors: Fok Dennis , Paap Richard , Van Dijk Bram
Published: November 2010

To study preferences, respondents to a survey are usually asked to select their most preferred option from a set. Preferences can be estimated more efficiently if respondents are asked to rank all alternatives. When some respondents are unable to perform the ranking task, using the complete ranking may lead to a substantial bias. We introduce a model which endogenously describes the ranking capabilities of individuals. Estimated preferences based on this model are more efficient when at least some individuals are able to rank more than one item, and they do not suffer from biases due to ranking inabilities of respondents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stock market crash and expectations of American households
Authors: Hudomiet Péter , Kézdi Gábor , Willis Robert J.
Published: November 2010

This paper utilizes data on subjective probabilities to study the impact of the stock market crash of 2008 on households' expectations about the returns on the stock market index. We use data from the Health and Retirement Study that was fielded in February 2008 through February 2009. The effect of the crash is identified from the date of the interview, which is shown to be exogenous to previous stock market expectations. We estimate the effect of the crash on the population average of expected returns, the population average of the uncertainty about returns (subjective standard deviation), and the cross‐sectional heterogeneity in expected returns (disagreement). We show estimates from simple reduced‐form regressions on probability answers as well as from a more structural model that focuses on the parameters of interest and separates survey noise from relevant heterogeneity. We find a temporary increase in the population average of expectations and uncertainty right after the crash. The effect on cross‐sectional heterogeneity is more significant and longer lasting, which implies substantial long‐term increase in disagreement. The increase in disagreement is larger among the stockholders, the more informed, and those with higher cognitive capacity, and disagreement co‐moves with trading volume and volatility in the market. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived Parenting Ability and Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Poole Janet L. , Willer Kelly , Mendelson Cindy , Sanders Margaret , Skipper Betty
Published: November 2010

Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare perceived parenting abilities in mothers with systemic sclerosis (SSc) based on the subtype of SSc and age group of their children, and to examine how the degree of pain, fatigue and functional ability relates to parenting ability.

Methods. In this cross‐sectional survey, 74 mothers with SSc, who had children aged 18 years or younger living at home with them, completed a series of questionnaires online or on paper. The questionnaires included the Parent Disability Index (PDI) and surveys regarding demographic information, pain (visual analogue scale), fatigue (Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue) and functional ability (Health Assessment Questionnaire).

Results. An analysis of variance revealed that the mean age of the mother (F2,71 = 7.9; p < 0.01), mean PDI score (F2,68 = 5.4; p < 0.01) and mean pain score (F2,71 = 4.0; p = 0.02) were each associated with the age group of the children. The univariate analysis of variance results showed that dichotomized pain (F1,69 = 13.3; p < 0.01), fatigue (F1,69 = 18.9; p < 0.01) and disability (F1,69 = 9.8; p < 0.01) were each associated with the PDI score. The multivariate analysis of variance results showed that dichotomized pain (F1,68 = 7.5; p < 0.01) and fatigue (F1,68 = 12.7; p < 0.01) were associated with the PDI.

Conclusion. Mothers with SSc report difficulty with parenting, which can be related to the severity of the symptoms. The findings suggest that interventions to reduce pain and fatigue may improve perceived parenting ability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution network design on the battlefield
Authors: Toyoglu Hunkar , Karasan Oya Ekin , Kara Bahar Yetis
Published: November 2010

Ammunition, whether it be an arrow in the middle ages, a lead bullet in the 1800s, or a laser guided smart bomb today, has been the most prominent factor in determining the outcome of combat. Failing to supply the required amount of ammunition properly may lead to defeat. Our main objective in this study is to provide a decision support tool that can help plan ammunition distribution on the battlefield. We demonstrate through an extensive literature review that the existing models are not capable of handling the specifics of the problem in this study. To this end, we propose a novel three‐layer commodity‐flow location routing formulation that distributes multiple products, respects hard time windows, allows demand points to be supplied by more than one vehicle or depot, and locates facilities at two different layers. We derive several valid inequalities to speed up the solution time of our model, illustrate the performance of the model in several realistically sized scenarios, and report encouraging results. Finally, we introduce a dynamic model that designs the distribution system in consecutive time periods for the entire combat duration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 58: 188–209, 2011
Modeling and solving a multimodal transportation problem with flexible‐time and scheduled services
Authors: Moccia Luigi , Cordeau Jean‐François , Laporte Gilbert , Ropke Stefan , Valentini Maria Pia
Published: November 2010

This article studies a transportation problem in a multimodal network with shipment consolidation options. A freight forwarder can use a mix of flexible‐time and scheduled transportation services. Time windows are a prominent aspect of the problem. For instance, they are used to model pickup and delivery time slots. The various features of the problem can be described as elements of a digraph and their integration leads to a holistic graph representation. This allows an origin‐destination integer multi‐commodity flow formulation with nonconvex piecewise linear costs, time windows, and side constraints. Column generation algorithms are designed to compute lower bounds. These column generation algorithms are also embedded within heuristics aimed at finding feasible integer solutions. Computational results with real‐life data are presented and show the efficacy of the proposed approach. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2011
Iron homeostasis and responses to iron limitation in extreme acidophiles from the Ferroplasma genus
Authors: Potrykus Joanna , Jonna Venkateswara rao , Dopson Mark
Published: November 2010

Extremely acidophilic archaea from the genus Ferroplasma inhabit iron‐rich biomining environments and are important constituents of naturally occurring microbial consortia that catalyze the production of acid mine drainage. A combined bioinformatic, transcript profiling, and proteomic approach was used to elucidate iron homeostasis mechanisms in “F. acidarmanus” Fer1 and F. acidiphilum YT. Bioinformatic analysis of the “F. acidarmanus” Fer1 genome sequence revealed genes encoding proteins hypothesized to be involved in iron‐dependent gene regulation and siderophore biosynthesis; the Fhu and NRAMP cation acquisition systems; iron storage proteins; and the SUF machinery for the biogenesis of Fe‐S clusters. A subset of homologous genes was identified on the F. acidiphilum YT chromosome by direct PCR probing. In both strains, some of the genes appeared to be regulated in a ferrous/ferric iron‐dependent manner, as indicated by RT‐PCR. A detailed gel‐based proteomics analysis of responses to iron depletion showed that a putative isochorismatase, presumably involved in siderophore biosynthesis, and the SufBCD system were upregulated under iron‐limiting conditions. No evidence was obtained for iron sparing response during iron limitation. This study constitutes the first detailed investigation of iron homeostasis in extremely acidophilic archaea.
Peripheral profiling analysis for bipolar disorder reveals markers associated with reduced cell survival
Authors: Herberth Marlis , Koethe Dagmar , Levin Yishai , Schwarz Emanuel , Krzyszton Natalia D. , Schoeffmann Stephanie , Ruh Hermelindis , Rahmoune Hassan , Kranaster Laura , Schoenborn Torsten , Leweke Markus F. , Guest Paul C. , Bahn Sabine
Published: November 2010

Little is known about the molecular factors that are altered in remitting bipolar disorder (BD) patients. We carried out proteome profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum from BD patients who were not experiencing mania or major depression (euthymia) compared to matched healthy controls using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MSE) and Multi‐Analyte Profiling (Human Map®) platforms. This resulted in the identification of approximately 60 differentially expressed molecules involved predominantly in cell death/survival pathways. In PBMCs, this was manifested in cytoskeletal and stress response‐associated proteins, whereas most serum analytes were associated with the inflammatory response. The predicted effect of serum analytes on physiological systems was tested by treating PBMCs with serum obtained from the same patients, resulting in reduced cellular survival. These preliminary results suggest that BD patients carry a peripheral fingerprint that has detrimental effects on cell function and that could be used to distinguish BD patients from healthy controls despite being in a remission phase. It is hoped that additional studies of BD patients in the manic and depressed stages could lead to the identification of a molecular fingerprint that could be used for predicting episodic switching and for guiding treatment strategies.
Identification of host factors involved in coronavirus replication by quantitative proteomics analysis
Authors: Vogels Mijke W. , van Balkom Bas W. M. , Kaloyanova Dora V. , Batenburg Joseph J. , Heck Albert J. , Helms J. Bernd , Rottier Peter J. M. , de Haan Cornelis A. M.
Published: November 2010

In this study, we applied a quantitative proteomic approach, based on SILAC, to investigate the interactions of coronaviruses with the secretory pathway of the host cell, with the aim to identify host factors involved in coronavirus replication. Comparison of the protein profiles of Golgi‐enriched fractions of cells that were either mock infected or infected with mouse hepatitis virus revealed the significant depletion or enrichment of 116 proteins. Although ribosomal/nucleic acid binding proteins were enriched in the Golgi‐fractions of mouse hepatitis virus‐infected cells, proteins annotated to localize to several organelles of the secretory pathway were overrepresented among the proteins that were depleted from these fractions upon infection. We hypothesized that proteins, of which the abundance or distribution is affected by infection, are likely to be involved in the virus life cycle. Indeed, depletion of a small subset of the affected proteins by using small interfering RNAs identified several host factors involved in coronavirus infection. Transfection of small interfering RNAs targeting either C11orf59 or Golgi apparatus glycoprotein 1 resulted in increased virus replication, whereas depletion of vesicle‐trafficking protein vesicle‐trafficking protein sec22b enhanced the release of infectious progeny virus. Overexpression of these proteins, on the other hand, had a negative effect on virus replication. Overall, our study shows that the SILAC approach is a suitable tool to study host–pathogen interactions and to identify host proteins involved in virus replication.
Improvements and simplifications in in‐gel fluorescent detection of proteins using ruthenium II tris‐(bathophenanthroline disulfonate): The poor man's fluorescent detection method
Authors: Aude‐Garcia Catherine , Collin‐Faure Véronique , Luche Sylvie , Rabilloud Thierry
Published: November 2010

Fluorescent detection of proteins is a popular method of detection allying sensitivity, linearity and compatibility with mass spectrometry. Among the numerous methods described in the literature, staining with ruthenium II tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate) is particularly cost‐effective, but slightly cumbersome owing to difficulties in the preparation of the complex and complexity of staining protocols. We describe here the modifications on both aspects that allow to perform a higher contrast staining and offer a more robust method of complex preparation, thereby maximizing the advantages of the method.
Peucedanum japonicum Thunb Inhibits High‐fat Diet Induced Obesity in Mice
Authors: Okabe Takafumi , Toda Takayoshi , Nukitrangsan Natthanan , Inafuku Masashi , Iwasaki Hironori , Oku Hirosuke
Published: November 2010

This study examined the antiobese activity of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb (PJT) in mice. In the first experiment, 4‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice were fed seven different diets containing 15% corn oil and 0–20% PJT powder for 4 weeks. Feeding the 10% and 20% PJT diet suppressed the body weight gain and the accumulation of abdominal and subcutaneous fats. PJT reduced serum and liver levels of triglyceride and serum levels of leptin in a dose‐dependent manner. PJT intake decreased the proportion of saturated fatty acids and increased polyunsaturated and n‐3 fatty acids in the liver. To obtain more insight into the antiobese activity of PJT, its effect on lipid absorption and enzyme activities related to lipid metabolism was studied in the second experiment. There was an increased faecal excretion of triglyceride in mice fed 5% and 10% PJT diets. Fatty acid synthase activity was decreased while carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity was increased by 10% PJT intake. These findings pointed to the usefulness of PJT for the development of a safe natural agent to reduce obesity or body weight for the first time. The rationale for the lipid lowering mechanism of PJT and the candidate compound responsible for the observations have also been discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
General design of the forming collar of the vertical form, fill and seal packaging machine using the finite element method
Authors: Desoki Ahmed , Morimura Hiroaki , Hagiwara Ichiro
Published: November 2010

The basic part of the vertical form, fill and seal packaging machine is the forming collar. The forming collar provides the shape over which packaging film is smoothly formed at high speed into a cylindrical shape. Describing the forming collar geometry and hence its design is, however, remarkably difficult. This paper presents, for the first time, a flexible methodology for calculating the complete geometry of the film rather than the usually non‐complete collar over which the film is formed. That is, a methodology to calculate the film geometry over the collar including the seam along which the film is longitudinally sealed. The film geometry is calculated such that it has minimum deformation energy. Advantages of the proposed methodology include its great flexibility to generate collars with different configurations for different needs. Among the collar generation methods reviewed, the proposed methodology is the first that can systematically consider all collar configuration parameters such as the seam configuration, general package cross‐section, flat or straight part of the collar, collar back angle, etc. A means for obtaining the exact collar geometry is also demonstrated. This enables right‐first‐time and repeatable collar production and reduces the time and cost for producing next generation packaging machines. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐step cloning‐free PCR‐based method for the deletion of genes in the opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida lusitaniae
Authors: El‐Kirat‐Chatel Sofiane , Dementhon Karine , Noël Thierry
Published: November 2010

We describe a new cloning‐free strategy to delete genes in the opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida lusitaniae. We first constructed two ura3Δ strains in C. lusitaniae for their use in transformation experiments. One was deleted for the entire URA3 coding sequence; the other possessed a partial deletion within the coding region, which was used to determine the minimum amount of homology required for efficient homologous recombination by double crossing‐over of a linear DNA fragment restoring URA3 expression. This amount was estimated to 200 bp on each side of the DNA fragment. These data constituted the basis of the development of a strategy to construct DNA cassettes for gene deletion by a cloning‐free overlapping PCR method. Two cassettes were necessary in two successive transformation steps for the complete removal of a gene of interest. As an example, we report here the deletion of the LEU2 gene. The first cassette was constituted by the URA3 gene flanked by two large fragments (500 bp) homologous to the 5′ and 3′ non‐coding regions of LEU2. After transformation of an ura3Δ recipient strain and integration of the cassette at the LEU2 locus, the URA3 gene was removed by a second transformation round with a DNA cassette made by the fusion between the 5′ and 3′ non‐coding regions of the LEU2 gene. The overall procedure takes less than 2 weeks and allows the creation of a clean null mutant that retains no foreign DNA sequence integrated in its genome. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model-based evolution of collaborative agent-based systems
Authors: Bohner Shawn A. , Graĉanin Denis , Hinchey Michael G. , Eltoweissy Mohamed
Published: November 2010

As demands for behaviorally sophisticated software grow, agent-based systems are increasingly being employed. Software agents are frequently applied to large, complex systems that involve interdisciplinary development teams. These complex systems have proved to be challenging to develop and evolve, even for the most competent software engineers. Taking lessons learned in other engineering disciplines such as computer and architectural engineering we investigated a model-based engineering approach called Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) to automate, whenever possible, the development and evolution of agent-based applications. In our investigation, we use the Cognitive Agent Architecture (Cougaar); one of the most mature and sophisticated collaborative agent-based architectures. MDA and Cougaar served as the primary components and implementation platform for our research. In this paper we present our approach and demonstrate how MDA is effective for producing sophisticated agent-based systems. A key challenge was found in designing a flexible meta-model framework that would accommodate both top-down domain information and bottom-up platform specific constructs, as well as the transformations and mappings between them. We employed a General Domain Application Model (GDAM) as the platform-independent model layer and General Cougaar Application Model (GCAM) layer as the platform specific model respectively. Domain-level requirements are formulated using a XML Process Definition Language (XPDL) based graphical editor and are the refined through a series of model transformations (via the underlying metamodel) to systematically generate the agent-based software system. Through an illustrative case-study, we report on the feasibility, strengths and limitations of the model-based approach as it was investigated with the Cougaar.
Formal Specification and Verification of Real-Time Systems using Graph Grammars
Authors: Michelon Leonardo , da Costa Simone André , Ribeiro Leila
Published: November 2010

The importance of real-time systems has enormously increased in the last decade. Application areas that typically need real-time models include railroad systems, intelligent vehicle highway systems, avionics, multimedia and telephony. To assure that such systems are correct, additionally to prove that they provide the required functionality, time constraints must be satisfied. There are already formal specification methods for real-time systems, but most of them are difficult to use by software developers, that are usually not very familiar with mathematical notation but rather specify systems using the objectoriented paradigm. In this paper we propose a formal approach to specify and analyze real-time systems that has an object-oriented flavor. This approach is based on Object-Based Graph Grammars (OBGGs), a formal description technique suitable for the specification of asynchronous distributed systems, and intuitive even for nontheoreticians. We extend OBGGs to enable explicit modeling of time constraints, and define the semantics of the specifications via transition systems. Finally, we translate timed OBGGs to Timed Automata, a formal notation that is wide spread in the area of real-time systems modeling and allows the automatic verification of properties.
Localization and mapping in urban environments using mobile Robots
Authors: Wolf Denis F. , Sukhatme Gaurav S.
Published: November 2010

Mapping is a basic capability for mobile robots. Most applications demand some level of knowledge about the environment to be accomplished. Most mapping approaches in the literature are designed to perform in small structured (indoor) environments. This paper addresses the problems of localization and mapping in large urban (outdoor) environments. Due to their complexity, lack of structure and dimensions, urban environments presents several difficulties for the mapping task. Our approach has been extensively tested and validated in realistic situations. Our experimental results include maps of several city blocks and a performance analysis of the algorithms proposed.
Normal delivery following resection of an androgen‐secreting adrenal carcinoma
Authors: Amano Toshiyasu , Imao Tetsuya , Seki Masaya , Takemae Katsurou , Yamauchi Keishi , Hata Satoru
Published: November 2010

A 31‐year‐old female presented to a gynecological clinic complaining of amenorrhea and virilism over a 2‐month period. Blood tests revealed high serum total testosterone and free testosterone levels. A left adrenal tumor was identified following computed tomography and she was referred to our clinic where a laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was performed. The tumor weighed 98 g and the pathological diagnosis according to Weiss’ criteria was adrenocortical carcinoma. The post‐operative course was uneventful; her serum free testosterone level normalized and regular menstruation was observed 1 month post‐operatively. The patient became pregnant 1 year later, resulting in the normal delivery of a girl.
The developmental course of executive functioning in schizophrenia
Authors: Freedman David , Brown Alan S.
Published: November 2010

Executive dysfunction is a core feature of schizophrenia, but our understanding of the developmental course of this neuropsychological domain in the disease remains largely unexplored. A review of the research evidence points to a number of persistent debates about the course of executive functioning and its relation to illness course. A better understanding of the neurocognitive trajectories of executive functioning in schizophrenia could help identify the risk and modifying factors that influence the onset, severity and course of disease, and the chance to re‐direct or re‐shape that course and improve outcomes. To accomplish this requires assessment of the diverse and integrated nature of those abilities, and the changes over time in those abilities requires multiple instruments and techniques in order to improve the research methods and understanding of an important area of impairment in schizophrenia.
Deconstructing the molecular portraits of breast cancer
Authors: Prat Aleix , Perou Charles M.
Published: November 2010

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease in terms of histology, therapeutic response, dissemination patterns to distant sites, and patient outcomes. Global gene expression analyses using high‐throughput technologies have helped to explain much of this heterogeneity and provided important new classifications of cancer patients. In the last decade, genomic studies have established five breast cancer intrinsic subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2‐enriched, Claudin‐low, Basal‐like) and a Normal Breast‐like group. In this review, we dissect the most recent data on this genomic classification of breast cancer with a special focus on the Claudin‐low subtype, which appears enriched for mesenchymal and stem cell features. In addition, we discuss how the combination of standard clinical‐pathological markers with the information provided by these genomic entities might help further understand the biological complexity of this disease, increase the efficacy of current and novel therapies, and ultimately improve outcomes for breast cancer patients.
Triggering in the horizontal Rijke tube: non-normality, transient growth and bypass transition
Authors: JUNIPER MATTHEW P.
Published: November 2010

With a sufficiently large impulse, a thermoacoustic system can reach self-sustained oscillations even when it is linearly stable, a process known as triggering. In this paper, a procedure is developed to find the lowest initial energy that can trigger self-sustained oscillations, as well as the corresponding initial state. This is known as the ‘most dangerous’ initial state. The procedure is based on adjoint looping of the nonlinear governing equations, combined with an optimization routine. It is developed for a simple model of a thermoacoustic system, the horizontal Rijke tube, and can be extended to more sophisticated thermoacoustic models. It is observed that the most dangerous initial state grows transiently towards an unstable periodic solution before growing to a stable periodic solution. The initial energy required to trigger these self-sustained oscillations is much lower than the energy of the oscillations themselves and slightly lower than the lowest energy on the unstable periodic solution. It is shown that this transient growth arises due to non-normality of the governing equations. This is analogous to the sequence of events observed in bypass transition to turbulence in fluid mechanical systems and has the same underlying cause. The most dangerous initial state is calculated as a function of the heat-release parameter. It is found that self-sustained oscillations can be reached over approximately half the linearly stable domain. Transient growth in real thermoacoustic systems is 105–106 times greater than that in this simple model. One practical conclusion is that, even in the linearly stable regime, it may take very little initial energy for a real thermoacoustic system to trigger to high-amplitude self-sustained oscillations through the mechanism described in this paper.
Noise exposure in convertible automobiles
Authors: Mikulec A A , Lukens S B , Jackson L E , Deyoung M N
Published: November 2010

Objective:

To quantify the noise exposure received while driving a convertible automobile with the top open, compared with the top closed.

Methods:

Five different convertible automobiles were driven, with the top both closed and open, and noise levels measured. The cars were tested at speeds of 88.5, 104.6 and 120.7 km/h.

Results:

When driving with the convertible top open, the mean noise exposure ranged from 85.3 dB at 88.5 km/h to 89.9 dB at 120.7 km/h. At the tested speeds, noise exposure increased by an average of 12.4–14.6 dB after opening the convertible top.

Conclusion:

Driving convertible automobiles at speeds exceeding 88.5 km/h, with the top open, may result in noise exposure levels exceeding recommended limits, especially when driving with the convertible top open for prolonged periods.
Acute epiglottitis: epidemiology and Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution in adults
Authors: Isakson M , Hugosson S
Published: November 2010

Objectives:

We studied the incidence and bacterial epidemiology of acute epiglottitis presenting in the first 16 years following the introduction of general childhood vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b. Our main objectives were to analyse (1) the incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae epiglottitis in adults and (2) the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes involved.

Materials and methods:

The medical records of patients with acute epiglottitis (International Classification of Disease code J05.1) were investigated. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotyping was performed using gel precipitation.

Results:

The overall incidence of acute epiglottitis was 0.98 cases/100 000/year, compared with 4.5 cases/100 000/year before the vaccination programme. The incidence was reduced both in children and adults, compared with pre-vaccination values. However, the incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae epiglottitis in adults increased from 0.1 to 0.28 cases/100 000/year over the same time period. The causative agent was Streptococcus pneumoniae in 10 adults. Nine of 10 pneumococcal strains could be serotyped. All but one serotype is represented in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) used in adults.

Conclusion:

In acute epiglottitis, now a disease of adults, the most important bacterial aetiology is Streptococcus pneumoniae. The serotype distribution found in this study indicates that the infection is preventable by PPV-23 vaccination with the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine.
A variation formula for the topological entropy of convex-cocompact manifolds
Authors: TAPIE SAMUEL
Published: November 2010

Let (M,gλ) be a 𝒞2-family of complete convex-cocompact metrics with pinched negative sectional curvatures on a fixed manifold. We show that the topological entropy htop(gλ) of the geodesic flow is a 𝒞1 function of λ and we give an explicit formula for its derivative. We apply this to show that if ρλ(Γ)⊂PSL2(ℂ) is an analytic family of convex-cocompact faithful representations of a Kleinian group Γ, then the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set Λρλ(Γ) is a 𝒞1 function of λ. Finally, we give a variation formula for Λρλ (Γ).
Therapy and Ideology: Psychoanalysis and Its Vicissitudes in Pre-state Israel (Including Some Hitherto Unpublished Letters by Sigmund Freud and Albert Einstein)
Authors: Rolnik Eran J.
Published: November 2010

Argument

Few chapters in the historiography of psychoanalysis are as densely packed with trans-cultural, ideological, institutional, and moral issues as the coming of psychoanalysis to Jewish Palestine – a geopolitical space which bears some of the deepest scars of twentieth-century European, and in particular German, history. From the historical as well as the critical perspective, this article reconstructs the intricate connections between migration, separation and loss, continuity and new beginning which resonate in the formative years of psychoanalysis in pre-state Israel.
On Emanuel Ringelblum's New Research Program for the History of Jewish Medicine: Introductory Remarks
Authors: Finkelstein Guy , Métraux Alexandre
Published: November 2010

When Emanuel Ringelblum was born on November 21, 1900, in Buczacz, the small, multilingual and multi-ethnic Galician town was to be found on the far northeastern part of the Austrian Empire. As a mail stamp on a Correspondenz-Karte or Karta korrespondencyja of 1890 shows, the place was officially spelled in accordance with its Polish orthography. However, it was called Butschtasch in German, Bichuch in Yiddish, and still differently in Ukranian. After World War I, it was for a short while part of Ukrania, and subsequently became Polish, then Soviet, and Ukranian again in the aftermath of the end of the Soviet Union. Ringelblum's cousin, Shmuel Josef Agnon (1888–1970), was also born in Buczacz. But their lives were to diverge in most respects. Agnon is remembered as one of the leading authors of modern Hebrew belles-lettres who was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1966. And one remembers Ringelblum as the one who, with utmost and relentless courage, organized the underground archive Oyneg Shabes in the Warsaw ghetto. Samuel D. Kassow, the expert on the history of Oyneg Shabes and the author of a brilliant monograph on this subject, asserts that “more than anyone else it was Emanuel Ringelblum who encouraged individuals to write, who organized and conceptualized the archive, and who transformed it into a powerful center of civil resistance” (Kassow [2007] 2009, 7).
Moving beyond panaceas: a multi-tiered diagnostic approach for social-ecological analysis
Authors: OSTROM ELINOR , COX MICHAEL
Published: November 2010

Disturbances to key aspects of ecological systems, including biodiversity loss, climate change, pollution and natural resource degradation, have become a major concern to many policy analysts. Instead of learning from the study of biological complexity however, social scientists tend to recommend simple panaceas, particularly government or private ownership, as ‘the’ way to solve these problems. This paper reviews and assesses potential solutions for such overly simplified institutional prescriptions, referred to here as the ‘panacea problem’. In contrast to these simple prescriptions, recent research efforts are now illustrating the diversity of institutions around the world related to environmental conservation. The complexity of working institutions, however, presents a challenge to scholars who equate scientific knowledge with relatively simple models that predict optimal performance if specific institutional arrangements are in place. Dealing with this complexity has led to the development of frameworks as meta-theoretical tools. The institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework has been used over the last three decades as a foundation for a focused analysis of how institutions affect human incentives, actions and outcomes. Building on this foundation, the social-ecological systems (SES) framework has recently enabled researchers to begin the development of a common language that crosses social and ecological disciplines to analyse how interactions among a variety of factors affect outcomes. Such a framework may be able to facilitate a diagnostic approach that will help future analysts overcome the panacea problem. Using a common framework to diagnose the source, and possible amelioration, of poor outcomes for ecological and human systems enables a much finer understanding of these complex systems than has so far been obtained, and provides a basis for comparisons among many systems and ultimately more responsible policy prescriptions.
Sensitivity analysis of linear and nonlinear lithotripter models
Authors: KALTENBACHER BARBARA , VELJOVIĆ SLOBODAN
Published: November 2010

In this paper, we perform a sensitivity analysis for shape optimization problems arising in models we suggest for a lithotripter. More precisely, we use two models based on high intensity ultrasound focusing by an acoustic lens, where through changing the shape of the lens we try to achieve a favourable focusing. The models are based on acoustic wave equations with piecewise constant coefficients, a linear and a nonlinear one, where for the nonlinear one we use the Westervelt equation. The sensitivity analysis is performed using an adjoint approach.
PROOF OF THE DETERMINANTAL FORM OF THE SPONTANEOUS MAGNETIZATION OF THE SUPERINTEGRABLE CHIRAL POTTS MODEL
Authors: BAXTER R. J.
Published: November 2010

The superintegrable chiral Potts model has many resemblances to the Ising model, so it is natural to look for algebraic properties similar to those found for the Ising model by Onsager, Kaufman and Yang. The spontaneous magnetization ℳr can be written in terms of a sum over the elements of a matrix Sr. The author conjectured the form of the elements, and this conjecture has been verified by Iorgov et al. The author also conjectured in 2008 that this sum could be expressed as a determinant, and has recently evaluated the determinant to obtain the known result for ℳr. Here we prove that the sum and the determinant are indeed identical expressions. Since the order parameters of the superintegrable chiral Potts model are also those of the more general solvable chiral Potts model, this completes the algebraic calculation of ℳr for the general model.
Scattering properties of carbon nanotube arrays
Authors: Chiariello Andrea G. , Forestiere Carlo , Maffucci Antonio , Miano Giovanni
Published: November 2010

In this paper, we investigate the scattering properties of an array of finite-length single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), up to terahertz frequencies. The problem is cast in terms of a Pocklington-like equation. The current density along the CNT is described by a quasi-classical transport model, recently proposed. The numerical solution is obtained by means of the Galerkin method. Case studies are carried out, either referred to isolated SWCNTs and an array of SWCNTs, aimed at investigating the frequency behavior of the scattered field.
Vorsicht mit Prognosen!
Authors: Franzen Daniel , Latshang Tsogyal , Frauenfelder Thomas , Russi Erich W.
Published: November 2010

Ein 37-jähriger, aus Südindien stammender Patient klagte über starke Schulterschmerzen mit Ausstrahlung in den Arm, einem Taubheitsgefühl im Bereich des 4. und 5. Fingers sowie einer Muskelschwäche der Hand. Die Computertomographie (CT) zeigte eine Raumforderung der Pleurakuppe rechts mit Arrosion der 1. Rippe (Pancoast Präsentation) sowie einen osteolytischer Prozess in der vierten Rippe und der Beckenschaufel. Alle drei Läsionen waren stark PET positiv, sodass bei positiver Raucheranamnese von einem metastasierenden Lungenkarzinom ausgegangen wurde. In der CT-gesteuerten Feinnadelpunktion fand sich jedoch eine granulomatöse und epitheloidzellige Entzündung. Im mikroskopisch negativen Aspirat ließen sich schließlich Tuberkelbakterien kultivieren. Unter einer tuberkulostatischen Therapie verschwanden die Symptome, und die Raumforderung war, radiologisch dokumentiert, nach drei Monaten stark größenregredient. Raumforderungen im Bereich des oberen Sulcus werden fast ausnahmslos durch ein nichtkleinzelliges Bronchuskarzinom verursacht. Die Tuberkulose ist auch in der Schweiz nicht ausgestorben und präsentiert sich, besonders bei Personen aus anderen Ethnien, in ungewohnter Weise.
Systemerkrankung mit Leber- und Lungenbeteiligung
Authors: Huber Ursula , Dommann-Scherrer Corina , Ballmer Peter E. , Hess Thomas , Hofer Markus
Published: November 2010

Anhand der langjährigen Krankengeschichte einer 39-jährigen Frau mit computertomographisch nachgewiesenen multiplen peripheren Lungenrundherden in Kombination mit einer verzögerten Diagnose einer primären biliären Zirrhose wollen wir die differentialdiagnostischen Überlegungen und Abklärungsschritte wie auch die therapeutischen Maßnahmen erläutern. Auf Grund der initialen Präsentation mit mitigierten Symptomen einer Pneumonie soll auf die Differentialdiagnose einer kryptogen organisierenden Pneumonie (COP) eingegangen werden. Die verzögerte Diagnosestellung ist bei der COP häufig. Entsprechend dem chronologischen Verlauf soll der theoretische Hintergrund der primär biliären Zirrhose (PBC) und der Zusammenhang dieser Krankheit mit den Lungenveränderungen diskutiert werden.
Krank oder krank gemacht? Rezidivierende Episoden kutaner Ulzera, Aphten, Kolitis, Arthralgien, Haarausfall... eine systemische Erkrankung oder iatrogen?
Authors: Woitzek Katja , Dusemund Frank , Müller Beat
Published: November 2010

Rezidivierende Episoden von kutanen Ulzera und enoralen aphtösen Schleimhautläsionen, stellen für den Patienten einen großen Leidensdruck dar. Bei zusätzlichen Symptomen wie Arthralgien und/oder Kolitiden ist differentialdiagnostisch an eine Autoimmunerkrankung mit Vaskulitis zu denken, vor allem an einen Morbus Behçet. Hierfür gibt es verschiedene Diagnosekriterien. Auch eine weiterführende immunologische Diagnostik sollte veranlasst werden. Die Therapie wäre jeweils eine immunsuppressive. Zudem ist eine chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankung mittels koloskopischer Biopsie auszuschließen. Weiterhin ist differentialdiagnostisch eine infektiologische (viral/bakteriell/parasitär) Genese der Beschwerden mit breiter mikrobiologischer und laborchemischer Diagnostik abzuklären. Auch eine Immunsuppression mit Anfälligkeiten für Soor- bzw. Herpesinfektionen, krankheitsbedingt oder medikamentös induziert, wäre eine weitere in Betracht zu ziehende Möglichkeit, eine genaue Medikamentenanamnese ist essentiell. Insbesondere aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Therapiemaßnahmen der möglichen zugrunde liegenden Krankheiten sollte bis zur Ursachenklärung bei starkem Leiden der Patienten rasch eine symptomatische analgetische Therapie, gegebenenfalls zusätzlich eine antimykotische oder -virale Therapie bei Soor- oder Herpesnachweis eingeleitet werden. Die psychologische Belastung ist aufgrund der Schwere des Leidens, der diagnostischen Unsicherheit und der sozialen Belastung relevant.