bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN ASSOCOATION BETWEEN PALLIATIVE MEDICINE AND EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN KHARKIV
Authors: Markova V. , Gavrilenko O.
Published: June 2019

AN ASSOCOATION BETWEEN PALLIATIVE MEDICINE AND EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN KHARKIVV. Markova, O. GavrilenkoThe article presents the experience of the Kharkov Regional Medical College for the training of nurses and social workers in the field of basic concepts of palliative care. Aspects of motivation to acquire knowledge and skills of dealing with incurable patients are presented. The issues of cooperation of the Kharkov regional medical college with the German delegation of the European project on pediatric palliative care considered. It’s shown qualitative palliative care dependency on the level of professional competence. The problems of psychological support of the staff, which provides the palliative care, are revealed.Key words: incurable patient, psychological help, training of social workers. АСОЦІАЦІЯ ПАЛІАТИВНОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ У НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПРОЦЕС В ХАРКОВІВ.Маркова, О.ГавриленкоУ статті представлений досвід Харківського обласного медичного коледжу з підготовки середнього медичного персоналу та соціальних працівників в галузы базових понять паліативної допомоги пацієнтам. Наведено мотиваційні аспекти набуття знань з поведінки з інкурабельним хворим і формування досвіду практичного їх використання. Розглянуто питання співпраці Харківського обласного медичного коледжу з німецькою делегацією Європейського проекту зз паліативної допомоги дітям. Показано залежність якісної паліативної допомоги від рівня професійної компетенції медичних працівників. Розкрито проблеми психологічної підтримки персоналу, який надає паліативну допомогу.Ключові слова: інкурабельний пацієнт, психологічна допомога, навчання соціальних працівників. АССОЦИАЦИЯ ПАЛЛИАТИВНОЙ МЕДИЦИНИ В УЧЕБНЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС В ХАРЬКОВЕВ. Маркова, О. ГавриленкоВ статье представлен опыт Харьковского обласного медицинского коледжа по подготовке среднего медицинского персонала и социальних работников в области базовых понятий палиативной помощи пациентам. Приведены мотивационные аспекты приобретения знаний по поведению с инкурабельными пациентами и формирования навыка практического их использования. Рассмотрены вопросы сотрудничества Харьковского обласного медицинского коледжа с немецкой делегацией Европейского проекта по палиативной помощи детям. Показана зависимость качественной палиативной помощи от уровня профессиональной компетенции медицинских работников. Раскрыты проблемы психологической поддержки персонала, который оказывает палиативную помощь.Ключевые слова: инкурабельный пациент, психологическая помощь, обучение социальних работников.
HEART RHYTHM DISTURBANCES IN NEWBORNS IN THE EARLY NEONATAL PERIOD
Authors: Gonchar M. , Kondratova I. , Ivanova Ye. , Komova V.
Published: June 2019

HEART RHYTHM DISTURBANCES IN NEWBORNS IN THE EARLY NEONATAL PERIODGonchar M., Kondratova I., Ivanova Ye., Komova V.Neonatal arrhythmia is not a rare condition, and may occur both in patients with structural heart disease and in children with functional cardiovascular disorders as well as in a relatively small number of healthy newborns. The article presents the results of the study of basic parameters of electrical activity of the heart in newborns with administration of daily ECG monitoring. The study involved examination of 187 infants in the early neonatal period. Assessment of the data of obstetric and gynecological history and extragenital pathology of the mothers of the examined children, analysis of the data of Holter ECG monitoring of newborns showed the most frequently occurring types of neonatal arrhythmias and significant risk factors for their development.Key words: cardiac rhythm disturbances in newborns, neonatal arrhythmias, risk factors.  ПОРУШЕННЯ СЕРЦЕВОГО РИТМУ У НОВОНАРОДЖЕНИХ В РАННІЙ НЕОНАТАЛЬНИЙ ПЕРІОДГончарь М., Кондратова І., Іванова Є., Koмoвa В.Аритмії у неонатальному періоді не є рідким явищем та можуть виникати як серед тих, хто має структурні аномалії серця, так і серед дітей з функціональними серцево-судинними розладами, а також у відносно невеликої кількості здорових новонароджених. В статті представлено результати дослідження основних параметрів електричної активності серця у новонароджених за допомогою добового моніторування ЕКГ. Було обстежено 187 немовлят в ранній неонатальний період. За результатами аналізу даних акушерсько-гінекологічного анамнезу та екстрагенітальної патології матерів обстежених дітей, аналізу даних Холтерівського моніторування ЕКГ новонароджених визначено найбільш часто виникаючи види неонатальних аритмій та значущі факторів ризику їх розвитку.Ключові слова: порушення серцевого ритму у новонароджених, неонатальні аритмії, фактори ризику.НАРУШЕНИЯ СЕРДЕЧНОГО РИТМА У НОВОРОЖДЕННЫХ В РАННИЙ НЕОНАТАЛЬНЫЙ ПЕРИОДГончарь М., Кондратова И., Иванова Е., Комова В.Аритмии в неонатальном периоде не является редким явлением и могут возникать как среди новорожденных, которые имеют структурные аномалии сердца, так и среди детей с функциональными сердечно-сосудистыми расстройствами, а также - у небольшого числа здоровых новорожденных. В статье представлены результаты исследования основных параметров электрической активности сердца у новорожденных с помощью суточного мониторирования ЭКГ. Было обследовано 187 новорожденных в ранний неонатальный период. По результатам анализа данных акушерско-гинекологического анамнеза и экстрагенитальной патологии матерей обследованных детей, анализа данных суточного мониторирования ЭКГ новорожденных определены наиболее часто возникающие виды неонатальных аритмий и значимые факторов риска их развития.Ключевые слова: нарушение сердечного ритма у новорожденных, неонатальные аритмии, факторы риска.
Radial Velocities, Space Motions, and Nearby Young Moving Group Memberships of Eleven Candidate Young Brown Dwarfs∗
Authors: Riedel Adric R. , DiTomasso Victoria , Rice Emily L. , Alam Munazza K. , Abrahams Ellianna , Crook James , Cruz Kelle L. , Faherty Jacqueline K.
Published: June 2019

We present new radial velocity (RV) measurements for 11 candidate young very-low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, with spectral types from M7 to L7. Candidate young objects were identified by features indicative of low surface gravity in their optical and/or near-infrared spectra. RV measurements are derived from high-resolution (R =λ/Δλ = 20,000) J-band spectra taken with NIRSPEC at the Keck Observatory. We combine RVs with proper motions and trigonometric distances to calculate three-dimensional space positions and motions and to evaluate membership probabilities for nearby young moving groups (NYMGs). We propose 2MASS J00452143+1634446 (L2β, J = 13.06) as an RV standard given the precision and stability of measurements from three different studies. We test the precision and accuracy of our RV measurements as a function of spectral type of the comparison object, finding that RV results are essentially indistinguishable even with differences of ±5 spectral subtypes. We also investigate the strengths of gravity-sensitive K i lines at 1.24–1.25 μm and evaluate their consistency with other age indicators. We confirm or reconfirm four brown dwarf members of NYMGs—2MASS J00452143+1634446, WISE J00470038+6803543, 2MASS J011747483403258, and 2MASS J193555952846343—and their previous age estimates. We identify one new brown dwarf member of the Carina-Near moving group, 2M2154−10. The remaining objects do not appear to be members of any known NYMGs, despite their spectral signatures of youth. These results add to the growing number of very-low-mass objects exhibiting signatures of youth that lack likely membership in a known NYMG, thereby compounding the mystery regarding local, low-density star formation.
Open and Closed Magnetic Configurations of Twisted Flux Tubes
Authors: Sen Samrat , Mangalam A.
Published: June 2019

We construct two classes of magnetohydrostatic (MHS) equilibria for an axisymmetric vertical flux tube spanning from the photosphere to the lower part of the transition region within a realistic stratified solar atmosphere subject to solar gravity. We assume a general quadratic expression of the magnetic flux function for the gas pressure and poloidal current and solve the Grad–Shafranov equation analytically. The solution is a combination of a homogeneous and a particular part where the former is separable by a Coulomb function in r and exponential in z, while the particular part is an open configuration that has no z dependence. We also present another open field solution by using a self-similar formulation with two different profile functions and incorporating stratified solar gravity to maintain the magnetohydrostatic equilibria, which is a modification of earlier self-similar models with a twist. We study the admitted parameter space that is consistent with the conditions in the solar atmosphere and derive the magnetic and thermodynamic structures inside the flux tube that are reasonably consistent with the photospheric magnetic bright points for both open and closed field Coulomb function and self-similar models as estimated from observations and simulations. The obtained open and closed field flux tube solutions can be used as the background conditions for the numerical simulations for the study of the wave propagation through the flux tubes. The solutions can also be used to construct realistic magnetic canopies.
Special Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics with Gravitation
Authors: Noh Hyerim , Hwang Jai-chan , Bucher Martin
Published: June 2019

We present a fully nonlinear and exact perturbation formulation of Einstein’s gravity with a general fluid and ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) without imposing the slicing (temporal gauge) condition. Using this formulation, we derive equations of special relativistic (SR) MHD in the presence of weak gravitation. The equations are consistently derived in the limits of weak gravity and action-at-a-distance in the maximal slicing. We show that in this approximation the relativistic nature of gravity does not affect the SR MHD dynamics, but SR effects manifest themselves in the metric, and thus in gravitational lensing. Our formulation can account for strong SR effects, which might dominate over the Newtonian lensing potentials. Neglecting these SR effects may lead to an overestimation of lensing masses.
Photometric Redshift Calibration Requirements for WFIRST Weak-lensing Cosmology: Predictions from CANDELS
Authors: Hemmati Shoubaneh , Capak Peter , Masters Daniel , Davidzon Iary , Dorè Olivier , Kruk Jeffrey , Mobasher Bahram , Rhodes Jason , Scolnic Daniel , Stern Daniel
Published: June 2019

In order for the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) and other stage IV dark energy experiments (e.g., Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, LSST; and Euclid) to infer cosmological parameters not limited by systematic errors, accurate redshift measurements are needed. This accuracy can be met by using spectroscopic subsamples to calibrate the photometric redshifts for the full sample. In this work, we find the minimal number of spectra required for the WFIRST weak-lensing redshift calibration by employing the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) spectroscopic sampling technique. We use galaxies from the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) to build the LSST+WFIRST lensing analog sample of ∼36,000 objects and to train the LSST+WFIRST SOM. We find that 26% of the WFIRST lensing sample consists of sources fainter than the Euclid depth in the optical, 91% of which live in color cells already occupied by brighter galaxies. We demonstrate the similarity between faint and bright galaxies as well as the feasibility of redshift measurements at different brightness levels. Our results suggest that the spectroscopic sample acquired for calibration to the Euclid depth is sufficient for calibrating the majority of the WFIRST color space. For the spectroscopic sample to fully represent the synthetic color space of WFIRST, we recommend obtaining additional spectroscopy of ∼0.2–1.2k new sources in cells occupied by mostly faint galaxies. We argue that either the small area of the CANDELS fields and the small overall sample size or the large photometric errors might be the reason for no/fewer bright galaxies mapped to these cells. Acquiring the spectra of these sources will confirm the above findings and will enable the comprehensive calibration of the WFIRST color–redshift relation.
The Optical to Mid-infrared Extinction Law Based on the APOGEE, Gaia DR2, Pan-STARRS1, SDSS, APASS, 2MASS, and WISE Surveys
Authors: Wang Shu , Chen Xiaodian
Published: June 2019

A precise interstellar dust extinction law is critically important to interpret observations. There are two indicators of extinction: the color excess ratio (CER) and the relative extinction. Compared to the CER, the wavelength-dependent relative extinction is more challenging to be determined. In this work, we combine spectroscopic, astrometric, and photometric data to derive high-precision CERs and relative extinction from optical to mid-infrared (IR) bands. A group of 61,111 red clump (RC) stars are selected as tracers by stellar parameters from the Apache Point Observatory Galaxy Evolution Experiment survey. The multiband photometric data are collected from Gaia, APASS, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Pan-STARRS1, Two Micron All Sky Survey, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer surveys. For the first time, we calibrate the curvature of CERs in determining CERs E(λ − G
RP)/E(G
BP − G
RP) from color excess–color excess diagrams. Through elaborate uncertainty analysis, we conclude that the precision of our CERs is significantly improved (σ < 0.015). With parallaxes from Gaia DR2, we calculate the relative extinction

/

for 5051 RC stars. By combining the CERs with the

/

, the optical–mid-IR extinction A

λ
/

 has been determined in a total of 21 bands. Given no bias toward any specific environment, our extinction law represents the average extinction law with the total-to-selective extinction ratio R
V = 3.16 ± 0.15. Our observed extinction law supports an adjustment in parameters of the CCM R
V = 3.1 curve, together with the near-IR (NIR) power-law index α = 2.07 ± 0.03. The relative extinction values of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIR bandpasses are predicted in 2.5% precision. As the observed reddening/extinction tracks are curved, the curvature correction needs to be considered when applying extinction correction.
PacBio amplicon sequencing for metabarcoding of mixed DNA samples from lichen herbarium specimens
Authors: Gueidan Cécile , Elix John A. , McCarthy Patrick M. , Roux Claude , Mallen-Cooper Max , Kantvilas Gintaras
Published: June 2019

The detection and identification of species of fungi in the environment using molecular methods heavily depends on reliable reference sequence databases. However, these databases are largely incomplete in terms of taxon coverage, and a significant effort is required from herbaria and living fungal collections for the mass-barcoding of well-identified and well-curated fungal specimens or strains. Here, a PacBio amplicon sequencing approach is applied to recent lichen herbarium specimens for the sequencing of the fungal ITS barcode, allowing a higher throughput sample processing than Sanger sequencing, which often required the use of cloning. Out of 96 multiplexed samples, a full-length ITS sequence of the target lichenised fungal species was recovered for 85 specimens. In addition, sequences obtained for co-amplified fungi gave an interesting insight into the diversity of endolichenic fungi. Challenges encountered at both the laboratory and bioinformatic stages are discussed, and cost and quality are compared with Sanger sequencing. With increasing data output and reducing sequencing cost, PacBio amplicon sequencing is seen as a promising approach for the generation of reference sequences for lichenised fungi as well as the characterisation of lichen-associated fungal communities.
Injury incidence and locomotor behaviours in polocrosse ponies
Authors: Yarnell K. , Starbuck G. , Riley A. , Woodhead A.
Published: June 2019

There is currently limited information available regarding the physical demands of polocrosse and no information on the specific veterinary problems faced by polocrosse ponies in the United Kingdom. Polocrosse requires the ponies that compete to perform rapid acceleration, sharp turns and sudden halts. The study aim was to explore the injury incidence and type of injury, between the three positions played by polocrosse ponies. Injuries that resulted in withdrawal of a pony during outdoor tournaments in the UK over the 2015 and 2016 seasons were recorded. In addition, GPS data and locomotor behaviours were recorded during winter league tournaments in 2017 and compared between the different position ponies. Ponies that played in the defence position were significantly more likely to become injured (P<0.001) with lameness being the most common cause for withdrawal (P<0.001). Ponies playing in the attack position achieved the fastest speeds and covered the furthest distance. Defence ponies performed significantly more abrupt halts (P=0.007), walk to gallop transitions (P=0.017) and sudden changes in direction (P=0.01) than midfield ponies and more of each manoeuvre than attack ponies, although this was not significant. It is important that the physical demands placed upon polocrosse ponies are investigated further; this will allow identification of injury risk factors, inform training programmes and improve the performance and welfare of the horses involved.
Realism and Presence in Simulation: Nursing Student Perceptions and Learning Outcomes
Authors: MacLean Sharon , Geddes Fiona , Kelly Michelle , Della Phillip
Published: June 2019

Background:

Research examining how perceived realism and presence affects participants' learning experiences and outcomes is limited.

Method:

A convergent mixed-methods design was used, with quantitative data assigned as the primary method. After engaging in a communication training simulation, 141 undergraduate nursing students completed the Concept of Presence, Simulation Design, and the Quality of Discharge Teaching scales. A subsample of 12 participants were interviewed to provide qualitative data, as the secondary method, on their learning experience. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed on the quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data.

Results:

Differences in participants' perceived realism and level of presence were not affected by the communication-based learning interventions. A positive, fully mediated relationship between realism, presence, and learning outcomes in discharge communication skills was found. The quality of the simulation experience gave participants the opportunity to reflect on their knowledge and capacity to transfer skills into clinical practice.

Conclusion:

The convergence of findings supports the theory that perceived realism and presence positively affected learning outcomes.[J Nurs Educ.2019;58(6):330–338.]
Promoting Faculty Education on Needs and Resources for Military-Active and Veteran Students
Authors: Gibbs Catherine E. , Lee Carolyn J. , Ghanbari Haraz
Published: June 2019

Background:

The numbers of post-9/11 service members transitioning out of the military are escalating. Our diverse nursing student population will increasingly include Veterans or those engaged in military service.

Method:

This article describes an educational session directed at nurse faculty about the needs of these students. The event focused on the array of experiences and issues experienced by active military students or Veterans as they are deployed, transition back into civilian life, or return to college.

Results:

This educational forum was well attended and praised by nurse faculty who reported increased levels of awareness, knowledge, and resources pertinent to this student population.

Conclusion:

Student-centeredness is valued in nursing education. Compliance with pertinent policies, engagement with community resources, and conveying personal interest in our students is especially valuable for students engaged in military service. Other nursing programs are encouraged to adopt a similarly designed event.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(6):347–353.]
Lights, Camera, Action: Lessons Learned From a Nursing and Theater Collaboration
Authors: Webster Debra
Published: June 2019

Background:

Because nursing students do not always have opportunities to interact with individuals with mental illness due to various factors such as limited clinical sites, an innovative teaching strategy was developed.

Method:

A plan was developed to collaborate with the theater department to offer undergraduate theater students an opportunity to practice acting skills while taking an independent study. These theater students, trained as standardized patients (SPs), engaged with senior nursing students enrolled in a psychiatric mental health nursing clinical course in a baccalaureate program.

Results:

This process has been successfully implemented for the past 2 years. With 10 theater students completing the independent study and 180 nursing students engaging in interactions with SPs, improvements in communication skills for nursing students have been seen.

Conclusion:

Because this is a pilot project, additional research should be conducted to further explore the effectiveness of learning for both nursing and theater students.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(6):369–371.]
O vício inerente: Fronteiras materiais, simbólicas e morais nas apostas do turfe
Authors: Labronici Rômulo Bulgarelli
Published: June 2019

Apesar da popularidade da prática de apostas no turfe, esta atividade aponta para uma fronteira moral inserida em suas estruturas. Durante a realização das corridas de cavalos, um sinal de alerta é constantemente acionado para com os limites que cada indivíduo possui com as apostas. Aqui, busca-se compreender como a categoria “vício” [no jogo] é imputada de valores estigmatizantes, acusatórios, em dois espaços distintos. O primeiro organizado para a realização de apostas em comparação com outros espaços onde se prega a abstinência desta atividade. Refiro-me aqui às “casas de jogo” e dos encontros regulares de grupos de autoajuda, denominados de Jogadores Anônimos (J.A.). A comparação busca compreender as disputas sobre a moral do jogo como um “campo” nos moldes de Bourdieu (2004) a partir da construção de narrativas que vão apresentar o jogo como uma atividade mais ou menos perigosa.
A propósito de nossa inquietude
Authors: Abreu Luiz Eduardo de Lacerda
Published: June 2019

O momento atual parece caracterizar-se por um desconforto difuso e generalizado da nossa capacidade, enquanto sociedade, de encontrar soluções razoáveis para as dificuldades que enfrentamos coletivamente. Esta inquietude de difícil nomeação tem nas questões morais um dos campos de disputa mais relevantes. A coletânea organizada por Alexandre Werneck e Luís Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira examina os dilemas morais contemporâneos a partir das perspectivas empíricas propostas pela antropologia e pela sociologia. O objetivo deste ensaio é examinar como as pesquisas de cunho etnográfico podem dialogar com um público mais amplo, para dizer coisas que, de outra maneira, permaneceriam em silêncio.
Apresentação
Authors: Ramos Alcida Rita
Published: June 2019

Esta apresentação descreve a origem e desenvolvimento das ideias que compõem este dossiê, ressaltando a importância da comparação entre as situações vividas por povos indígenas expostos a políticas estatais distintas, em regiões de fronteira na Amazônia. Enfatiza a tensão entre a força centrípeta da etnia e a força centrífuga do Estado, provocando nos povos indígenas iniciativas próprias de realidades transfronteiriças.
O lenço de pano e o buquê de flores: Estados nacionais e os povos tukano orientais na fronteira colombo-brasileira
Authors: Cayón Luis
Published: June 2019

Este artigo explora os modos como a construção histórica dos estados nacionais na região fronteiriça entre Colômbia e Brasil afetou as relações entre os Tuyuka e os Makuna, povos tukano orientais, localizados no alto rio Tiquié (Brasil) e no rio Pirá Paraná (Colômbia), ao mesmo tempo que analisa as formas e estratégias dos indígenas para lidar com ambos os Estados. Destaca-se a maneira como a lógica indígena entende a fronteira como um espaço não estatal, onde, apesar da coerção dos Estados, é possível tomar elementos das instituições que estes lhes impõem para manter sua lógica contra o Estado e resgatar, num novo contexto, as relações rompidas pelo processo histórico.
Viviendo bien, muriendo mal: Los Ashéninka del Alto Tamaya en la frontera de la Amazonía peruana con Brasil
Authors: Osorio Mario L.
Published: June 2019

Este artigo examina o processo histórico, social e político que perpassa um segmento da sociedade ashéninka e que os levou a disputar e apropriar-se de um espaço territorial na fronteira da Amazônia peruana com o Brasil. Avalia o caso dos ashéninka de Saweto que migraram e se assentaram no Alto Tamaya, depois de viver um período de convulsão social em seus territórios tradicionais na Amazônia Central do Peru, durante o século XX. Os ashéninkas mudaram-se para a fronteira almejando realizar as suas aspirações, integrando-se a novos contextos de articulação econômica e política de maneira individual e coletiva. Na fronteira, convivem com ribeirinhos e colonos que circulam por ambos os lados da divisa para extrair recursos informal e ilegalmente sob uma débil presença do Estado. Apesar de sua marginalidade geográfica e a distância dos centros de poder político e econômico no Peru, os ashéninkaz de Saweto conseguiram criar a comunidade nativa “Alto Tamaya-Saweto” e titular suas terras com cerca de 80 mil hectares, depois de mais de 14 anos reivindicando seus direitos e do assassinato de quatro de seus membros em 2014.
ASPECTOS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS DA ÁGUA DO RIBEIRÃO DAS ABÓBORAS EM RIO VERDE (GO) E IMPACTOS NA QUALIDADE HÍDRICA
Authors: Alves Wellmo Dos Santos , Scopel Iraci , Martins Alécio Perini , Morais Wilker Alves , Roque Rhayane Carvalho
Published: June 2019

O desenvolvimento de uma região depende de disponibilidade hídrica em quantidade e qualidade adequadas para atender sua demanda. Entretanto, as bacias hidrográficas vêm passando por transformações em sua paisagem em decorrência de ações antrópicas. Rio Verde (GO) é o principal município da microrregião Sudoeste de Goiás, com destaque na produção de soja, milho, aves e suínos, além de apresentar diversas empresas instaladas. Esse desenvolvimento econômico, sem planejamento ambiental adequado, tem causado danos às fontes de água. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar aspectos físico-químicos da água do ribeirão das Abóboras, principal fonte fornecedora de água para a população urbana rio-verdense e de outros usos no município. Foram analisadas as variáveis temperatura, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade elétrica, sólidos totais dissolvidos, turbidez, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, nitrato e fósforo total. Resultados da demanda bioquímica de oxigênio e de fósforo total não atenderam aos limites estabelecido pela Resolução CONAMA 357/05 para água doce classe 2. Níveis de condutividade elétrica inferem que a água está impactada. Este trabalho pode subsidiar o planejamento e a gestão das bacias hidrográficas do município e de outras regiões, melhorando a qualidade ambiental.
Effect of Wood Template on Magnetic Properties of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2-xCrxO4 Ceramics
Authors: Li Rui , Qian Liang Cun , Sun Xue Feng
Published: June 2019

Porous Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2-xCrxO4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) ceramics were prepared by a sol-gel method using basswood as the mold. At the same time, Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2-xCrxO4 nanocrystalline powders were obtained by sintering the gel in oxygen at high temperature. The result of the XRD test showed that all samples presented the single-phase of the cubic spinel structure. With the increase of doping amount x, both porous ceramics and nanopowders decreased their grain size; At the same doping amount, the grain size of powder ferrites was about twice as large as that of porous ceramics. The magnetic test results showed that with the increase of doping amount x, the coercivity values increased monotonously and the saturation magnetization values decreased monotonously for all samples. Under the same doping content, the saturation magnetization values were lower but the coercivity values were higher as compared to the powder ferrites.
Influence of Strain on the Microstructure and Transverse Relaxation Characteristics of HTPB Coating Using Low-Field 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Du Yong Qiang , Zheng Jian , Zhi Jian Zhuang , Zhang Xiao
Published: June 2019

During the storage process, the HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) coating is continuously affected by the strain, and the microstructure and mechanical properties will be degraded, which will seriously affect the performance of composite solid propellant and solid rocket motor and cause great harm. In order to analyze the microstructure and transverse relaxation characteristics of HTPB coating under different strains, low-field 1H NMR tests was carried out under 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% strain conditions, and the crosslinking density and transverse relaxation parameters of HTPB coating were analyzed. The results show that, the transverse relaxation decay can be divided into two segmental mobilities corresponding to two distinct transverse relaxation times. With the increase of strain, the crosslinking density shows a decline tendency, the transverse relaxation decay amplitude slows down, and the inversion curve has a tendency to move to the right. The ratio of the fast transverse relaxation time and the peak area are much larger than the slow transverse relaxation time, and the proportion of the fast relaxation time and the peak area enlarge with the increase of the strain, while the proportion of slow transverse relaxation time is reduced. With the increase of strain, there is a transition from slow transverse relaxation to fast transverse relaxation, and there is an inverse linear relationship between crosslinking density and transverse relaxation time.
Metal Surface Texture Research on the Influence of Friction
Authors: Gao Chen , Wu Wei , Wang Xin Jun , Xu Bin
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the influence of texture on wear and temperature rise is studied by comparing experiments at the normal temperature. Firstly, the preparation of experimental samples and the design of experimental methods are introduced. Secondly, based on the observation and analysis of two groups of experiment, the effects of surface texture on friction coefficient, temperature rise and wear are discussed respectively. The main reasons of surface texture on temperature rise are analyzed from the energy point of view, which lays a foundation for quantitative analysis of temperature rise mechanism.
Recent Studies of Surface Self-Nanocrystallization (SSNC) of Metallic Materials
Authors: Yang Fa Lin , Song Dan , Ma Ai Bin , Jiang Jing Hua , Cheng Zhao Jun
Published: June 2019

Surface self-nanocrystallization (SSNC) is a new surface modification technology to develop new materials, which can obtain nanostructured layers with nanograins on the metals surface without changing the chemical composition of the metals. In this study, SSNC was introduced from the aspects of the preparation methods, microstructural mechanism, mechanical properties, surface roughness, corrosion resistance and applications. This paper will provide experience and reference for further comprehensive researches and industrial applications of SSNC.
Study on the Constitutive Equation of High-Temperature of High-Elastic Cu-20.0Ni-5.0Sn-0.25Zn-0.22Mn Alloy
Authors: Cai Geng Sheng , Cai Zhi Hong , Liu Fu Ping , Yu Hua Gang
Published: June 2019

The high-elastic Cu-20.0Ni-5.0Sn-0.25Zn-0.22Mn alloy was designed and prepared using a 830°C/2h+850°C/2h dual-stage homogenization annealing process. The true stress-strain curves of well annealed Cu-20.0Ni-5.0Sn-0.25Zn-0.22Mn alloy were plotted as a function of compressive temperature and strain rate. The results showed that the stage division of thermal compression deformation is temperature dependent, which involves work hardening, dynamic recovery and recrystallization stages. The maximum value of the true stress increases as the strain rate gets larger, but decreases as the deformation temperature rises. The high temperature compression deformation process of the alloy is a thermal activated process, and the corresponding constitutive equation of the true stress-strain is established.
Numerical Comparisons on the Effects of Wall Thickness on Extrudate Swell of Traditional Extrusion and Gas-Assisted Extrusion for Plastic Microtubules
Authors: Ren Zhong , Huang Xing Yuan
Published: June 2019

In this study, the effect of wall thickness on the extrudate swell of plastic microtubules was investigated by using the finite element numerical method. For the traditional extrusion and gas-assisted extrusion, under the same process parameters, the extrudate swell ratios of plastic microtubules with the different wall thicknesses were all obtained. Moreover, to analyze the difference between the traditional extrusion and gas-assisted extrusion, the physical fields distributions, such as flow velocities, pressure and the stresses distributions of plastic microtubules with the different wall thicknesses under two kinds different extrusions were also obtained and compared. Numerical results show that, for the traditional extrusion, the extrudate swell ratio decreases with the increasing of the wall thickness, but for the gas-assisted extrusion, the swell ratios are equal to 0 and not changed. In addition, from the viewpoints of physical fields distributions, for the traditional extrusion, with the increasing of the wall thickness, the velocities, pressure and stresses of melt are all decreased, which result in the reducing of the extrudate swell phenomenon. However, for the gas-assisted extrusion, the X velocity, pressure, and stresses are all equal to 0, which results in the elimination the extrudate swell phenomenon of plastic microtubules.
Preparation of Wasted Rock Dust Catalyst and its Catalytic Ozonation Properties for the Treatment of Oxalic Acid Containing Wastewater
Authors: Zhang Lan He , Wei Lai , Ling Liang Xiong , Chen Zi Cheng , Jia Yan Ping , Zhang Hai Feng , Li Zheng , Guo Jing Bo
Published: June 2019

MnOx/wasted rock dust catalyst (WZ01) and modified wasted rock dust catalyst (WZ02) were prepared by impregnation method and hydrothermal method as the wasted rock dust (WRD) generated in stone processing plants was used as carriers. The structure of the two catalysts were characterized by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Their removal efficiencies and reaction mechanisms of oxalic acid were compared and analyzed, which could provide an innovative perspective for catalytic efficiency improvement and cost reduction. The results showed that the WRD contained O, Si, Al, K, Mg, Fe, Ca and Na elements. Mn was amorphous in WZ01 and loaded on the surface of WRD, and Mn was in the form of orthorhombic Mn2O3 in WZ02. WZ02's surface morphology showed obvious changes and was wrinkled with many microchannels. The specific surface area, total pore volume and average pore size of WZ02 had been improved. After 30 minutes of reaction at room temperature, the removal efficiencies of oxalic acid with an initial concentration of 500 mg·L-1 were 40.6% and 54.6% by using WZ01 and WZ02 as catalysts with catalyst dosages of 2 g·L-1 and O3 concentration of 4.92 mg·L-1, respectively. The removal efficiency of oxalic acid decreased greatly after WZ01 recycling and Mn, which acted as active components, was massively washed out. The removal efficiency of oxalic acid was stable after WZ02 was triply recycled as only a small amount of Mn was washed out. The removal efficiency of oxalic acid reduced after tert butanol was introduced into the two reaction systems, and a large amount of •OH was detected by using coumarin fluorescence technology. The removal of oxalic acid by WZ01 and WZ02 catalyzed ozonation were achieved by the combination of adsorption and hydroxyl radical reaction.
Carbon Nanosheet Frameworks Derived from Pine Cone Shells as Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Hu Fang Yuan , Liu Si Yang , Wang Jin Yan , Li Sheng Ming , Jian Xi Gao
Published: June 2019

As a kind of green, environment-friendly and sustainable carbon material, biomass carbon has simple processing technology and undoubtedly been the best candidate for industrialization. Different activation processes can be used to change the internal microstructure of carbons, and design pores that facilitate ions transport and electrons conduction, thereby achieving the ultimate goal of improving electrochemical performance. Herein, we select the same activator (KOH) and activation time (3 h) but change the activation temperature (300 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C) to obtain biomass-derived carbon with the different micromorphology, pores structure and heteroatoms content. Rather, We choose ether-based electrolyte, due to its highly reversible graphite co-intercalation reaction, the problem of extremely low electrochemical activity of graphite in ester electrolytes is avoided. Results indicate, the sample PCS-600 exhibites sheet structure with specific surface area of 38.3 m2/g and large average pore width of 2.77 nm, which providing sufficient conditions for ions transport. PCS-600 has 1.05 at% N and 5.75 at% O heteroatoms, which providing additional pseudocapacitance. In addition, the electrochemical performance of PCS-600 is optimal, at a current density of 0.1 A/g, its specific capacity is 198.6 mA h/g, maintain at ~95% after 100 cycles, with coulomb efficiency ~100%.
Metallothermic Reduction at Low Temperature Synthesis of Ti4O7 Powder with Lithium Ion Insertion/Extraction Property
Authors: Yan Bei Lei , Meng Wei Wei , Zhao San Chao
Published: June 2019

In this work, a thermal reduction process via ultrafine titanium powder as the reducing agent under argon atmosphere is firstly used to prepare Ti4O7. Compared with the conventional method, this experiment process reduces the sintering temperature to 850°C. The phase transformation and the morphology of the as-prepared powders are examined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, it is found that the Ti4O7 powders obtained by titanium thermal reduction method exhibited the crystal structure, distinctly possessing an average particle size around 750 nm. The as-prepared Ti4O7 nanoparticles are used as anode active material in lithium battery. The results demonstrate that the anode with Ti4O7 calcined at 850°C by titanium thermal reduction method exhibited insertion/extraction lithium ion property.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Temperature and Graphite-Like Structure Effects on Amorphous Carbon Graphitization
Authors: Wang Jia , Liu Cheng Lin
Published: June 2019

The effects of temperature and graphite-like structure additive on the graphitization process of amorphous carbon were investigated through molecular dynamics simulation. The molecular models of amorphous carbon and graphite-like structure-amorphous carbon were constructed with the initial density of 1.62 g/cm3 and carbon atoms number of 4096 by rapid quenching method. After annealing treatment at 3200 K, 3600 K and 4000 K respectively, the evolution rules of sp2 C atoms and the instantaneous conformations of the graphite-like structure-amorphous carbon system were analyzed to investigate the effects of temperature and graphite-like structure on the graphitization process. It could be found that increasing graphitization temperature properly could improve graphitization degree of amorphous carbon. Addition of graphite-like structure could promote recrystallization of the irregular carbon atoms in amorphous carbon materials, thus accelerating graphitization process and promoting graphitization of the system.
Preparation of ZnSe Quantum Dots by Hydrothermal Method Assisted by Ammonia
Authors: Han Hui Kai , Huang Jin Cheng , Qi Hang , Lu Du You
Published: June 2019

ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) with high intrinsic fluorescence quantum efficiency (QY) and low defect luminescence were prepared by hydrothermal method assisted with ammonia, in which the selenium powder and zinc acetate were used as Se and Zn source, and the mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) was used as ligand. Effect of ammonia amount, Zn/Se ratio, Zn/MPA ratio, and reaction time was investigated in detail in this study. The as-prepared ZnSe QDs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible absorption spectrum (UV-Vis), fluorescence spectrum (PL). ZnSe QDs assisted with ammonia were sphalerite, and with emission peak in the range of 380~405nm. The optimal condition was following: Zn/Se ratio was 5, Zn/MPA ration was 0.25, reaction temperature was 110 °C and reaction time was 6 h. Under the optimal condition, ZnSe QDs with intrinsic emission QY of 47% and diameter of 3.8±0.3 nm can be obtained. The ZnSe QDs prepared in this study were expected to replace toxic Cd-related QDs in biomarkers, violet and blue light solid luminescent devices, and provide excellent parent materials for the doped ZnSe QDs system.
Lactic Acid Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mast Cell Function by Limiting Glycolysis and ATP Availability
Authors: Caslin Heather L. , Abebayehu Daniel , Abdul Qayum Amina , Haque Tamara T. , Taruselli Marcela T. , Paez Patrick A. , Pondicherry Neha , Barnstein Brian O. , Hoeferlin L. Alexis , Chalfant Charles E. , Ryan John J.
Published: June 2019

Sepsis has a well-studied inflammatory phase, with a less-understood secondary immunosuppressive phase. Elevated blood lactate and slow lactate clearance are associated with mortality; however, regulatory roles are unknown. We hypothesized that lactic acid (LA) contributes to the late phase and is not solely a consequence of bacterial infection. No studies have examined LA effects in sepsis models in vivo or a mechanism by which it suppresses LPS-induced activation in vitro. Because mast cells can be activated systemically and contribute to sepsis, we examined LA effects on the mast cell response to LPS. LA significantly suppressed LPS-induced cytokine production and NF-κB transcriptional activity in mouse bone marrow–derived mast cells and cytokine production in peritoneal mast cells. Suppression was MCT-1 dependent and reproducible with sodium lactate or formic acid. Further, LA significantly suppressed cytokine induction following LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice. Because glycolysis is linked to inflammation and LA is a byproduct of this process, we examined changes in glucose metabolism. LA treatment reduced glucose uptake and lactate export during LPS stimulation. LA effects were mimicked by glycolytic inhibitors and reversed by increasing ATP availability. These results indicate that glycolytic suppression and ATP production are necessary and sufficient for LA effects. Our work suggests that enhancing glycolysis and ATP production could improve immune function, counteracting LA suppressive effects in the immunosuppressive phase of sepsis.
Edible earthworms in a food safety perspective: Preliminary data
Authors: Conti Cecilia , Castrica Marta , Balzaretti Claudia M. , Tedesco Doriana E.A.
Published: June 2019

The world population and global food demand are increasing, particularly the demand for animal protein sources. At the same time, society produces large quantities of food waste. Sustainable solutions, to ensure enough food and to optimize the use of resources, are necessary. Earthworms grown on fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) can be a future alternative food source, contributing to waste disposal efficiency. They improve food sustainability under nutritional and environmental dimensions. These topics are included in the philosophy of the circular economy. Earthworms, characterized by a high percentage of proteins and minerals, are used as foods in some world countries, including China and the Philippines. In order to consider safety aspects of earthworms grown on FVW as food sources, this study evaluated the microbiological quality of FVW (i) used as growth substrate; fresh earthworms (ii) and earthworms’ meal (iii) resulting from two technological processes (freeze-drying and drying). The efficiency of these technologies in reducing microbial contamination was evaluated. Microbiological analyses revealed the absence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in FVW, in fresh earthworms and in earthworms’ meal. Fresh earthworms’ results fell within the limits of acceptability, if related to the limit for minced meat (Interdepartmental Center for Research and Documentation on Food Safety). Both freeze-drying and drying step led to a further reduction of microbial contamination, confirming the importance of the processing methods. In conclusion, earthworms can represent an innovative biotechnological response to re-use FVW, a valuable food supplement of animal proteins and a strategy to improve food sustainability.
Policy document on antimicrobial stewardship practices in India
Authors: Walia Kamini , Ohri V.C. , Madhumathi Jayaprakasam , Ramasubramanian V.
Published: June 2019

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in India has become a great threat because of high rate of infectious diseases. One of the key contributing factors is high antibiotic use due to poor prescription practices, self-medication, over-the-counter sale of drugs and lack of awareness. Antimicrobial stewardship programme (AMSP) have been proved to be successful in restraining sale and use of antibiotics to a large extent in many countries. An AMSP programme for a hospital is imperative for rational and evidence-based antimicrobial therapy. The ultimate aim is to improve patient outcomes, reduce emergence of bacterial resistance and ensure longevity of the existing antimicrobials. The primary goal of AMSP is to encourage cautious use of available antibiotics by training the healthcare workers and creating awareness. This article describes the strategies and recommendations for formulation of AMSP policy for India.
Heterogeneity of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin phenotype & conjugal transfer of erm(B) in Pediococcus pentosaceus
Authors: Thumu Surya Chandra Rao , Halami Prakash M.
Published: June 2019

Background & objectives:

Pediococcus pentosaceus has been reported to cause clinical infections while it is being promoted as probiotic in food formulations. Antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in this species are a matter of concern for treating clinical infections. The present study was aimed at understanding the phenotypic resistance of P. pentosaceus to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics and the transfer of AR to pathogens.

Methods:

P. pentosacues isolates (n=15) recovered from fermented foods were screened for phenotypic resistance to MLSB antibiotics using disc diffusion and microbroth dilution methods. Localization and transferability of the identified resistance genes, erm(B) and msr(C) were evaluated through Southern hybridization and in vitro conjugation methods.

Results:

Four different phenotypes; sensitive (S) (n=5), macrolide (M) (n=7), lincosamide (L) (n=2) and constitutive (cMLSB) (n=1) were observed among the 15 P. pentosaceus isolates. High-level resistance (>256 μg/ml) to MLSB was observed with one cMLSB phenotypic isolate IB6-2A. Intermediate resistance (8-16 μg/ml) to macrolides and lincosamides was observed among M and L phenotype isolates, respectively. Cultures with S phenotype were susceptible to all other antibiotics but showed unusual minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8-16 μg/ml for azithromycin. Southern hybridization studies revealed that resistance genes localized on the plasmids could be conjugally transferred to Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The study provides insights into the emerging novel resistance patterns in P. pentosaceus and their ability to disseminate AR. Monitoring their resistance phenotypes before use of MLS antibiotics can help in successful treatment of Pediococcal infections in humans.