bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability-based sizing of islanded multi-energy microgrid: a conic chance-constrained optimization approach
Authors: Camargo-Berrueco Juan Camilo , Mejía-Giraldo Diego Adolfo , Lemos-Cano Santiago
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a methodology to optimally design a multi-energy microgrid with thermal and electric loads considering $$N-1$$

N
-
1

and probabilistic regulation reserves. This methodology consists of a chance-constrained optimization that determines the optimal sizing of the microgrid. Microgrid operations are rigorously considered by modelling hourly thermal and electric demand patterns as well as technology production schedules over a year. Such schedules include both electric and thermal power balances, ramp constraints, $$N-1$$

N
-
1

and regulation reserves, among others. To ensure a reliable microgrid design and operation, reserve constraints have been proposed to deal with both $$N-1$$

N
-
1

generation contingencies, and forecast errors. $$N-1$$

N
-
1

reserves guarantee that a sudden outage of any of the electric generators is strategically covered by the remaining generators in order to avoid load shedding. Additionally, nonzero-mean random forecast errors of electric load and solar production are addressed by a set of chance constraints able to schedule asymmetric up and down regulation reserves. Their levels are high enough to cover hourly random forecast errors (or intermittencies) with a high threshold probability. The proposed methodology results in a mixed integer second-order cone program. Results of microgrid designs with and without reliability reserves are carefully analysed and compared. Neglecting reliability constraints leads to a lower-cost design at the expense of exposing the microgrid to unsafe operation. Finally, sensitivity analysis to study the optimal portfolio sizing with respect to electric BESS investment cost, solar production forecast mean error, and random intermittency threshold probability are performed.
Immune-related LncRNAs scores predicts chemotherapeutic responses and prognosis in cervical cancer patients
Authors: Tian Weijie , Tan Songsong , Wang Jun , Shen Ping , Qin Qingfen , Zi Dan
Published: April 2024

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) regulating the immune microenvironment of cancer is a hot spot. But little is known about the influence of the immune-related lncRNA (IRlncRs) on the chemotherapeutic responses and prognosis of cervical cancer (CC) patients. The purpose of the study was to identify an immune-related lncRNAs (IRlncRs)-based model for the prospective prediction of clinical outcomes in CC patients.

Methods

CC patients’ relevant data was acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Correlation analysis and Cox regression analyses were applied. A risk score formula was formulated. Prognostic factors were combined into a nomogram, while sensitivity for chemotherapy drugs was analyzed using the OncoPredict algorithm.

Results

Eight optimal IRlncRs(ATP2A1-AS1, LINC01943, AL158166.1, LINC00963, AC009065.8, LIPE-AS1, AC105277.1, AC098613.1.) were incorporated in the IRlncRs model. The overall survival (OS) of the high-risk group of the model was inferior to those in the low-risk group. Further analysis demonstrated this eight-IRlncRs model as a useful prognostic marker. The Nomogram had a concordance index of survival prediction of 0.763(95% CI 0.746–0.780) and more robust predictive accuracy. Furthermore, patients in the low-risk group were found to be more sensitive to chemotherapy, including Paclitaxel, Rapamycin, Epirubicin, Vincristine, Docetaxel and Vinorelbine.

Conclusions

An eight-IRlncRs-based prediction model was identified that has the potential to be an important tool to predict chemotherapeutic responses and prognosis for CC patients.
Bio-Chemical Sensors Based on Excessively Tilted Fiber Grating
Authors: Chen Fudan , Gu Hong , Luo Binbin , Shi Shenghui
Published: April 2024

Excessively tilted fiber gratings (ExTFGs) are a type of special optical fiber grating device different from traditional fiber Bragg gratings, long period fiber gratings, and tilted fiber Bragg gratings. Due to the excessively tilted fiber fringe structure in the fiber core, ExTFGs could couple the light of the core mode into the high-order forward-propagating cladding modes, which would split into two sets of polarization dependent modes resulting in dual-peak resonances in the transmission spectrum. ExTFGs have the properties of the high refractive index sensitivity and low thermal crosstalk, which makes them very suitable for biochemical sensing applications. This paper will review the development of ExTFGs in terms of the mode coupling behavior, spectra characteristic, especially the refractive index sensitivity enhancement, biochemical modification methods of the sensor, and their applications in the bio-chemical sensing area, including pondus hydrogenii (pH) heavy metal ions, humidity, glucose, and immune sensing for various animal virus and biomarkers. Moreover, several composite sensing structures based on ExTFGs will be summarized.
Data driven machine learning prognostics of buckling failure modes in ballasted railway track
Authors: Wongkaew Watcharapong , Muanyoksakul Wachira , Ngamkhanong Chayut , Sresakoolchai Jessada , Kaewunruen Sakdirat
Published: April 2024

This study explores the development and application of a machine learning (ML) approach to predict buckling failure modes in ballasted railway tracks. With the growing demand for safer and more reliable railway systems, the ability to foresee and mitigate track failures is of paramount importance. Our study focuses on harnessing advanced ML algorithms to analyse and interpret complex data sets, aiming to identify potential buckling failures before they occur. The methodology employed involves collecting extensive data from previous advanced numerical studies. Faced with the inadequacy of field data collection on track buckling and the limited availability of data related to track conditions, our study has relied on simulation data for insight and analysis. This data is then processed and analysed using sophisticated ML models, trained to recognise patterns and anomalies indicative of potential buckling failures. A novel aspect of our approach is the integration of environmental factors, acknowledging their significant influence on the likelihood of both snap-through and progressive buckling in railway tracks. We compare the effectiveness of various ML algorithms in accurately predicting these failure modes, evaluating their performance in simulated and real-world scenarios. The findings demonstrate the models' proficiency in identifying early signs of both snap-through and progressive buckling, leading to timely interventions. This capability not only improves railway safety but also aids in efficient maintenance scheduling and asset management. Additionally, a case study in Thailand's railway system demonstrates the model's effectiveness in predicting buckling failures under tropical environmental conditions. This paper contributes a novel perspective to the field of railway infrastructure maintenance. By providing a reliable method for predicting specific buckling failure modes, it paves the way for enhanced operational safety and efficiency in railway networks, particularly in the face of dynamic environmental conditions.
Rational option of optimum parameters of robust design of hybrid of PMOO with sequential uniform algorithm
Authors: Zheng Maosheng , Yu Jie
Published: April 2024

In this paper, reasonable regulation of optimum parameters in sequential uniform design (algorithm) is developed by means of probabilistic multi–objective optimization (PMOO) in term of total preferable probability, which aims to conduct rational option in the subsequent deep optimization with a series of provisional ″optimum status″ candidates. The provisional ″optimum statuses″ were produced in the sequential uniform algorithm of subsequent deep optimization in each step, which is in turn used to form a ″special point set″ in this study, the total preferable probability is evaluated for the ″special point set″. The final optimum status is with the highest total preferable probability of the ″special point set″ comparatively. Besides, under condition of ″target value being the best″, both discrepancy of average value $$\overline{Y}$$

Y
¯

of a response from its target value Y0 (ε =|$$\overline{Y}$$

Y
¯

−Y0|) and averaged deviation γ of the actual response value Y from the target value Y0 are taken as the dual individual response objectives for robust design simultaneously. Two examples are given to illuminate the proposed procedure.
What is new in acute myeloid leukemia classification?
Authors: Park Hee Sue
Published: April 2024

Recently, the International Consensus Classification (ICC) and the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification (WHO2022) introduced diagnostically similar yet distinct approaches, which has resulted in practical confusion. This review compares these classification systems for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), building up on the revised 4th edition of WHO (WHO2016). Both classifications retain recurrent genetic abnormalities as a primary consideration. However, they differ in terms of blast threshold. The ICC mandates a minimum of 10% blasts in the bone marrow or peripheral blood, whereas the WHO2022 does not specify a blast cut-off. AML with BCR::ABL1 requires > 20% blast count in both classifications. In WHO2022, AML with CEBPA mutation requires > 20% blasts. TP53 mutation, a new entity is exclusive to ICC, diagnosed with > 20% blasts and variant allele frequency > 10%. AML with myelodysplasia-related changes is defined by cytogenetic or gene mutation-based criteria, not morphological dysplasia. Eight genes were common to both groups: ASXL1, BCOR, EZH2, SF3B1, SRSF2, STAG2, U2AF1, and ZRSR2. An additional gene, RUNX1, was included in the ICC classification. AML cases defined by differentiation (WHO2022) and AML not otherwise specified (ICC) are categorized as lacking specific defining genetic abnormalities, WHO2022 labels this as a myeloid neoplasm post cytotoxic therapy (MN-pCT), described as an appendix after specific diagnosis. Similarly, in ICC, it can be described as “therapy-related”, without a separate AML category.
Cohort study of patients with advanced cancer: outcomes associated with duration of antibiotic therapy for non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Lee Seohyuk , Benson Jemma , Cohen Avi , Quagliarello Vincent , Juthani-Mehta Manisha , Datta Rupak
Published: April 2024

In this single-center observational study of 118 older adults with advanced cancer who developed non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia, prolonged antibiotic durations (8–14 and ≥15 vs ≤7 d) were not associated with reduced adjusted odds of 90-day all-cause readmission or death. These data may inform antimicrobial stewardship efforts in palliative care settings.
Antimicrobial stewardship knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among nurses
Authors: Perez Reinaldo , Hayes Jillian E. , Winters Ali R. , Wrenn Rebekah H. , Moehring Rebekah W.
Published: April 2024

We performed a knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) survey of bedside nurses to evaluate perceptions of antimicrobial use and aid in the design of nursing-based antimicrobial stewardship interventions. The survey highlighted discrepancies in knowledge and practice as well as opportunities to improve communication with nursing colleagues.
Thermal Response of Large Seasonally Ice‐Covered Lakes Over Tibetan Plateau to Climate Change
Authors: Wu Yang , Huang Anning , Li Xin , Wen Lijuan ,   Lazhu, Li Jingyi
Published: April 2024

In this study, a process‐based lake model is used to investigate the influence of climate change on the thermodynamics of 30 large lakes over Tibetan Plateau (TP). The lake model was driven by the atmospheric forcing derived from the bias‐corrected projections of three global climate models in the twenty‐first century under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The hindcasts during 2000–2014 can reasonably capture the seasonality and magnitude of satellite retrieved lake surface temperature (LST). Future projections during 2015–2100 suggest a widespread increased LST, declined ice cover, and prolonged stratification, with the severity of changes in line with the climate driver shifts under different SSPs. Under the scenario with the highest level of anthropogenic radiative forcing (SSP5‐8.5), the end‐of‐century (2086–2100) changes of LST, ice thickness, and stratification duration averaged across all studied lakes reach 4.90°C, −0.43 m, and 65.46 days, respectively. Note that the positive ice‐albedo feedback can cause excess lake warming by accelerating ice break‐up (30.07 days earlier) and stratification onset (46.83 days earlier). By the end of this century, more frequent, multi‐seasonal thermal extremes are anticipated to push nearly half of the studied lakes into a permanent heatwave state. Together with the remarkable LST increase and winter ice loss, the lakes will mix less frequently and may shift from a dimictic to warm monomict mixing regime. Hopefully, the irreversible thermal changes can be avoided if the anthropogenic radiative forcing is controlled within the envelope outlined by the stringent climate mitigation scenario SSP1‐2.6.
Deglacial Pulse of Neutralized Carbon From the Pacific Seafloor: A Natural Analog for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement?
Authors: Green R. A. , Hain M. P. , Rafter P. A.
Published: April 2024

The ocean carbon reservoir controls atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on millennial timescales. Radiocarbon (14C) anomalies in eastern North Pacific sediments suggest a significant release of geologic 14C‐free carbon at the end of the last ice age but without evidence of ocean acidification. Using inverse carbon cycle modeling optimized with reconstructed atmospheric CO2 and 14C/C, we develop first‐order constraints on geologic carbon and alkalinity release over the last 17.5 thousand years. We construct scenarios allowing the release of 850–2,400 Pg C, with a maximum release rate of 1.3 Pg C yr−1, all of which require an approximate equimolar alkalinity release. These neutralized carbon addition scenarios have minimal impacts on the simulated marine carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2, thereby demonstrating safe and effective ocean carbon storage. This deglacial phenomenon could serve as a natural analog to the successful implementation of gigaton‐scale ocean alkalinity enhancement, a promising marine carbon dioxide removal method.
IRE1 signaling increases PERK expression during chronic ER stress
Authors: Ong Gideon , Ragetli Rosemund , Mnich Katarzyna , Doble Bradley W. , Kammouni Wafa , Logue Susan E.
Published: April 2024

The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is an essential cellular process activated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins within the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), a condition referred to as ER stress. Three ER anchored receptors, IRE1, PERK and ATF6 act as ER stress sensors monitoring the health of the ER. Upon detection of ER stress, IRE1, PERK and ATF6 initiate downstream signaling pathways collectively referred to as the UPR. The overarching aim of the UPR is to restore ER homeostasis by reducing ER stress, however if that is not possible, the UPR transitions from a pro-survival to a pro-death response. While our understanding of the key signaling pathways central to the UPR is well defined, the same is not true of the subtle signaling events that help fine tune the UPR, supporting its ability to adapt to varying amplitudes or durations of ER stress. In this study, we demonstrate cross talk between the IRE1 and PERK branches of the UPR, wherein IRE1 via XBP1s signaling helps to sustain PERK expression during prolonged ER stress. Our findings suggest cross talk between UPR branches aids adaptiveness thereby helping to support the plasticity of UPR signaling responses.
RNA targeting and cleavage by the type III-Dv CRISPR effector complex
Authors: Schwartz Evan A. , Bravo Jack P. K. , Ahsan Mohd , Macias Luis A. , McCafferty Caitlyn L. , Dangerfield Tyler L. , Walker Jada N. , Brodbelt Jennifer S. , Palermo Giulia , Fineran Peter C. , Fagerlund Robert D. , Taylor David W.
Published: April 2024

CRISPR-Cas are adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea that utilize CRISPR RNA-guided surveillance complexes to target complementary RNA or DNA for destruction1–5. Target RNA cleavage at regular intervals is characteristic of type III effector complexes6–8. Here, we determine the structures of the Synechocystis type III-Dv complex, an apparent evolutionary intermediate from multi-protein to single-protein type III effectors9,10, in pre- and post-cleavage states. The structures show how multi-subunit fusion proteins in the effector are tethered together in an unusual arrangement to assemble into an active and programmable RNA endonuclease and how the effector utilizes a distinct mechanism for target RNA seeding from other type III effectors. Using structural, biochemical, and quantum/classical molecular dynamics simulation, we study the structure and dynamics of the three catalytic sites, where a 2′-OH of the ribose on the target RNA acts as a nucleophile for in line self-cleavage of the upstream scissile phosphate. Strikingly, the arrangement at the catalytic residues of most type III complexes resembles the active site of ribozymes, including the hammerhead, pistol, and Varkud satellite ribozymes. Our work provides detailed molecular insight into the mechanisms of RNA targeting and cleavage by an important intermediate in the evolution of type III effector complexes.
Tracing genetic diversity captures the molecular basis of misfolding disease
Authors: Zhao Pei , Wang Chao , Sun Shuhong , Wang Xi , Balch William E.
Published: April 2024

Genetic variation in human populations can result in the misfolding and aggregation of proteins, giving rise to systemic and neurodegenerative diseases that require management by proteostasis. Here, we define the role of GRP94, the endoplasmic reticulum Hsp90 chaperone paralog, in managing alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency on a residue-by-residue basis using Gaussian process regression-based machine learning to profile the spatial covariance relationships that dictate protein folding arising from sequence variants in the population. Covariance analysis suggests a role for the ATPase activity of GRP94 in controlling the N- to C-terminal cooperative folding of alpha-1-antitrypsin responsible for the correction of liver aggregation and lung-disease phenotypes of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Gaussian process-based spatial covariance profiling provides a standard model built on covariant principles to evaluate the role of proteostasis components in guiding information flow from genome to proteome in response to genetic variation, potentially allowing us to intervene in the onset and progression of complex multi-system human diseases.
High-throughput quantum photonic devices emitting indistinguishable photons in the telecom C-band
Authors: Holewa Paweł , Vajner Daniel A. , Zięba-Ostój Emilia , Wasiluk Maja , Gaál Benedek , Sakanas Aurimas , Burakowski Marek , Mrowiński Paweł , Krajnik Bartosz , Xiong Meng , Yvind Kresten , Gregersen Niels , Musiał Anna , Huck Alexander , Heindel Tobias , Syperek Marcin , Semenova Elizaveta
Published: April 2024

Single indistinguishable photons at telecom C-band wavelengths are essential for quantum networks and the future quantum internet. However, high-throughput technology for single-photon generation at 1550 nm remained a missing building block to overcome present limitations in quantum communication and information technologies. Here, we demonstrate the high-throughput fabrication of quantum-photonic integrated devices operating at C-band wavelengths based on epitaxial semiconductor quantum dots. Our technique enables the deterministic integration of single pre-selected quantum emitters into microcavities based on circular Bragg gratings. Respective devices feature the triggered generation of single photons with ultra-high purity and record-high photon indistinguishability. Further improvements in yield and coherence properties will pave the way for implementing single-photon non-linear devices and advanced quantum networks at telecom wavelengths.
Electric-field-assisted proton coupling enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Pan Xuelei , Yan Mengyu , Liu Qian , Zhou Xunbiao , Liao Xiaobin , Sun Congli , Zhu Jiexin , McAleese Callum , Couture Pierre , Sharpe Matthew K. , Smith Richard , Peng Nianhua , England Jonathan , Tsang Shik Chi Edman , Zhao Yunlong , Mai Liqiang
Published: April 2024

The discovery of Mn-Ca complex in photosystem II stimulates research of manganese-based catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, conventional chemical strategies face challenges in regulating the four electron-proton processes of OER. Herein, we investigate alpha-manganese dioxide (α-MnO2) with typical MnIV-O-MnIII-HxO motifs as a model for adjusting proton coupling. We reveal that pre-equilibrium proton-coupled redox transition provides an adjustable energy profile for OER, paving the way for in-situ enhancing proton coupling through a new “reagent”— external electric field. Based on the α-MnO2 single-nanowire device, gate voltage induces a 4-fold increase in OER current density at 1.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Moreover, the proof-of-principle external electric field-assisted flow cell for water splitting demonstrates a 34% increase in current density and a 44.7 mW/cm² increase in net output power. These findings indicate an in-depth understanding of the role of proton-incorporated redox transition and develop practical approach for high-efficiency electrocatalysis.
Understanding the charge transfer effects of single atoms for boosting the performance of Na-S batteries
Authors: Lei Yao-Jie , Lu Xinxin , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Matsumura Daiju , Fan Yameng , Zhao Lingfei , Li Jiayang , Wang Shijian , Gu Qinfen , Liu Hua-Kun , Dou Shi-Xue , Devaraj Shanmukaraj , Rojo Teofilo , Lai Wei-Hong , Armand Michel , Wang Yun-Xiao , Wang Guoxiu
Published: April 2024

The effective flow of electrons through bulk electrodes is crucial for achieving high-performance batteries, although the poor conductivity of homocyclic sulfur molecules results in high barriers against the passage of electrons through electrode structures. This phenomenon causes incomplete reactions and the formation of metastable products. To enhance the performance of the electrode, it is important to place substitutable electrification units to accelerate the cleavage of sulfur molecules and increase the selectivity of stable products during charging and discharging. Herein, we develop a single-atom-charging strategy to address the electron transport issues in bulk sulfur electrodes. The establishment of the synergistic interaction between the adsorption model and electronic transfer helps us achieve a high level of selectivity towards the desirable short-chain sodium polysulfides during the practical battery test. These finding indicates that the atomic manganese sites have an enhanced ability to capture and donate electrons. Additionally, the charge transfer process facilitates the rearrangement of sodium ions, thereby accelerating the kinetics of the sodium ions through the electrostatic force. These combined effects improve pathway selectivity and conversion to stable products during the redox process, leading to superior electrochemical performance for room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries.
Exciton polariton condensation from bound states in the continuum at room temperature
Authors: Wu Xianxin , Zhang Shuai , Song Jiepeng , Deng Xinyi , Du Wenna , Zeng Xin , Zhang Yuyang , Zhang Zhiyong , Chen Yuzhong , Wang Yubin , Jiang Chuanxiu , Zhong Yangguang , Wu Bo , Zhu Zhuoya , Liang Yin , Zhang Qing , Xiong Qihua , Liu Xinfeng
Published: April 2024

Exciton–polaritons (polaritons) resulting from the strong exciton–photon interaction stimulates the development of novel low-threshold coherent light sources to circumvent the ever-increasing energy demands of optical communications1–3. Polaritons from bound states in the continuum (BICs) are promising for Bose–Einstein condensation owing to their theoretically infinite quality factors, which provide prolonged lifetimes and benefit the polariton accumulations4–7. However, BIC polariton condensation remains limited to cryogenic temperatures ascribed to the small exciton binding energies of conventional material platforms. Herein, we demonstrated room-temperature BIC polariton condensation in perovskite photonic crystal lattices. BIC polariton condensation was demonstrated at the vicinity of the saddle point of polariton dispersion that generates directional vortex beam emission with long-range coherence. We also explore the peculiar switching effect among the miniaturized BIC polariton modes through effective polariton−polariton scattering. Our work paves the way for the practical implementation of BIC polariton condensates for integrated photonic and topological circuits.
Characterizing heterogeneous single-cell dose responses computationally and experimentally using threshold inhibition surfaces and dose-titration assays
Authors: Kinnunen Patrick C. , Humphries Brock A. , Luker Gary D. , Luker Kathryn E. , Linderman Jennifer J.
Published: April 2024

Single cancer cells within a tumor exhibit variable levels of resistance to drugs, ultimately leading to treatment failures. While tumor heterogeneity is recognized as a major obstacle to cancer therapy, standard dose-response measurements for the potency of targeted kinase inhibitors aggregate populations of cells, obscuring intercellular variations in responses. In this work, we develop an analytical and experimental framework to quantify and model dose responses of individual cancer cells to drugs. We first explore the connection between population and single-cell dose responses using a computational model, revealing that multiple heterogeneous populations can yield nearly identical population dose responses. We demonstrate that a single-cell analysis method, which we term a threshold inhibition surface, can differentiate among these populations. To demonstrate the applicability of this method, we develop a dose-titration assay to measure dose responses in single cells. We apply this assay to breast cancer cells responding to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibition (PI3Ki), using clinically relevant PI3Kis on breast cancer cell lines expressing fluorescent biosensors for kinase activity. We demonstrate that MCF-7 breast cancer cells exhibit heterogeneous dose responses with some cells requiring over ten-fold higher concentrations than the population average to achieve inhibition. Our work reimagines dose-response relationships for cancer drugs in an emerging paradigm of single-cell tumor heterogeneity.
Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of Cr(VI) removal by novel tolerant bacteria species along with zero-valent iron nanoparticles
Authors: Garg Shashank , Singh Simranjeet , Khan Nadeem A. , Samuel Jastin , Ramamurthy Praveen C. , Singh Joginder
Published: April 2024

This work describes the study of the removal of a refractory contaminant, i.e., Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous systems by a novel adsorbent comprising Cr(VI) tolerant bacteria and zero valent iron nanoparticle (nZVI). A gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria used in the study were isolated from wastewater (WW) received from the effluent of leather industries. The adsorbents were prepared with bacteria, nZVI alone, and a combination of both. The adsorbent comprising both elements was found to remove Cr(VI) with a higher percentage (93%) and higher capacities (0.58 mg/g) as compared to adsorbent with bacteria (Cr(VI) removal = 63%, qe = 0.163 mg/g) or nanoparticles (Cr(VI) removal = 80%, qe = 0.45 mg/g) alone. The adsorbent worked best at neutral pH, and the removal became saturated after 90 min of incubation. Equilibrium studies with isotherm modeling suggested that the adsorption process follows sips isotherm (R2 = 0.9955), which is expected to bean intra-particle diffusion process before the actual adsorption. Process kinetics was modeled with pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and Vermeulen model. The diffusion coefficient determined by fitting the kinetic data to Vermeulen model was found to be 0.0000314 cm2/s. The adsorbent can be tested further for continuous flow processes to find more insights about the usage on a large scale.
Implementation of a hybrid neural network control technique to a cascaded MLI based SAPF
Authors: Behera Rashmi Rekha , Dash Ashish Ranjan , Mishra Satyasis , Panda Anup Kumar , Gelmecha Demissie Jobir
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a naïve back propagation (NBP) based $$i\cos \emptyset$$

i
cos
∅

technique implemented to a cascaded multilevel inverter (MLI) based shunt active power filter (SAPF). The recommended control algorithm is applied to extract the fundamental component of load current and to decide the compensating current reference for harmonic elimination. The performance of the SAPF using the proposed NBP-based $$i\cos \emptyset$$

i
cos
∅

technique is compared with another two classical control techniques, such as, $$i_{d} - i_{q}$$

i
d

-

i
q

technique and $$i\cos \emptyset$$

i
cos
∅

technique. The accuracy of the proposed control technique depends on the tuned estimation of active and reactive weights. The performance study of the proposed SAPF with the proposed control technique is investigated under non-linear conditions, with balanced and unbalanced loading conditions. The results reveal that the recommended SAPF is efficient enough to reduce the harmonics from the source current with smooth variation in DC link voltage. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by simulation using MATLAB Simulink, and the real-time results are also validated by the experimental setup.
Genetic diversity and antagonistic properties of Trichoderma strains from the crop rhizospheres in southern Rajasthan, India
Authors: Jambhulkar Prashant P. , Singh Bhumica , Raja M. , Ismaiel Adnan , Lakshman Dilip K. , Tomar Maharishi , Sharma Pratibha
Published: April 2024

There are fewer studies on Trichoderma diversity in agricultural fields. The rhizosphere of 16 crops was analyzed for Trichoderma species in 7 districts of Rajasthan state of India. Based on DNA sequence of translation elongation factor 1α (tef-1α), and morphological characteristics, 60 isolates were identified as 11 species: Trichoderma brevicompactum, species in Harzianum clade identified as T. afroharzianum, T. inhamatum, T. lentiforme, T. camerunense, T. asperellum, T. asperelloides, T. erinaceum, T. atroviride, T. ghanense, and T. longibrachiatum. T. brevicompactum is the most commonly occurring strain followed by T. afroharzianum. No new species were described in this study. T. lentiforme, showed its first occurrence outside the South American continent. The morphological and cultural characteristics of the major species were observed, described, and illustrated in detail. The isolates were tested for their antagonistic effect against three soilborne plant pathogens fungi: Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium verticillioides in plate culture assays. One of the most potent strains was T. afroharzianum BThr29 having a maximum in vitro inhibition of S. rolfsii (76.6%), R. solani (84.8%), and F. verticillioides (85.7%). The potential strain T. afroharzianum BThr29 was also found to be efficient antagonists against soil borne pathogens in in vivo experiment. Such information on crop selectivity, antagonistic properties, and geographic distribution of Trichoderma species will be beneficial for developing efficient Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents.
Radiolysis of myoglobin concentrated gels by protons: specific changes in secondary structure and production of carbon monoxide
Authors: Ludwig Nicolas , Galindo Catherine , Witjaksono Clea , Danvin Antoine , Peaupardin Philippe , Muller Dominique , Kusumoto Tamon , Kodaira Satoshi , Barillon Rémi , Raffy Quentin
Published: April 2024

While particle therapy has been used for decades for cancer treatment, there is still a lack of information on the molecular mechanisms of biomolecules radiolysis by accelerated ions. Here, we examine the effects of accelerated protons on highly concentrated native myoglobin, by means of Fourier transform infrared and UV–Visible spectroscopies. Upon irradiation, the secondary structure of the protein is drastically modified, from mostly alpha helices conformation to mostly beta elements at highest fluence. These changes are accompanied by significant production of carbon monoxide, which was shown to come from heme degradation under irradiation. The radiolytic yields of formation of denatured protein, carbon monoxide, and of heme degradation were determined, and found very close to each other: G+denatured Mb ≈ G+CO ≈ G-heme = 1.6 × 10–8 ± 0.1 × 10–8 mol/J = 0.16 ± 0.01 species/100 eV. The denaturation of the protein to a beta structure and the production of carbon monoxide under ion irradiation are phenomena that may play an important role in the biological effects of ionizing radiation.
Effects of Lactobacillus-fermented low-protein diets on the growth performance, nitrogen excretion, fecal microbiota and metabolomic profiles of finishing pigs
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Sixin , Chen Meixia , Ji Haifeng , Zhang Dongyan
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus-fermented low-protein diet on the growth performance, nitrogen balance, fecal microbiota, and metabolomic profiles of finishing pigs. A total of 90 finishing pigs were assigned to one of three dietary treatments including a normal protein diet (CON) as well as two experimental diets in which a low-protein diet supplemented with 0 (LP) or 1% Lactobacillus-fermented low-protein feed (FLP). In comparison with CON, the LP and FLP significantly increased average daily gain (P = 0.044), significantly decreased feed to gain ratio (P = 0.021), fecal nitrogen (P < 0.01), urine nitrogen (P < 0.01), and total nitrogen (P < 0.01), respectively. The LP group exhibited increased abundances of unclassified_f_Selenomonadaceae, Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Butyricicoccus, while the abundances of Verrucomicrobiae, Verrucomicrobiales, Akkermansiaceae, and Akkermansia were enriched in the FLP group. Low-protein diet-induced metabolic changes were enriched in sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis and Lactobacillus-fermented low-protein feed-induced metabolic changes were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and arginine biosynthesis. Overall, low-protein diet and Lactobacillus-fermented low-protein diet improved the growth performance and reduce nitrogen excretion, possibly via altering the fecal microbiota and metabolites in the finishing pigs. The present study provides novel ideas regarding the application of the low-protein diet and Lactobacillus-fermented low-protein diet in swine production.
Longitudinal optical coherence tomography indices in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Shemesh Rachel , Frige Omry , Garmider Sharon , Huna-Baron Ruth
Published: April 2024

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) may result in optic nerve fiber loss and even atrophy. The timing of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) indices reaching the lowest point (nadir) and the factors that predict the patient's anatomical outcome are not known. We aimed to determine the timing and the factors that affect nadir retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. The medical records of 99 IIH patients who were treated from December 2009 to January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean RNFL thickness at presentation was 263.5 ± 106.4 µm. The mean time to nadir was 7.9 ± 6.3 months. The average RNFL and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness at the nadir were 92.6 ± 14.5 µm (47% showed thinning) and 77.9 ± 27.8 µm (70% showed thinning), respectively. The Frisén disc edema stage and average RNFL thickness at baseline correlated with a longer time to nadir, (r = 0.28 P = 0.003 and r = 0.24, P = 0.012, respectively). The nadir average RNFL thickness and the nadir average GCC thickness (r = 0.32, P = 0.001, r = 0.29, P = 0.002, respectively) correlated with the baseline visual field mean deviation. The final anatomical outcome of IIH episodes in this study resulted in RNFL and GCC thinning. The time to RNFL nadir and its values correlated with IIH severity at presentation.
A 2-order additive fuzzy measure identification method based on hesitant fuzzy linguistic interaction degree and its application in credit assessment
Authors: Zhang Mu , Li Wen-jun , Cao Cheng
Published: April 2024

To reflect both fuzziness and hesitation in the evaluation of interactivity between attributes in the identification process of 2-order additive fuzzy measure, this work uses the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (HFLTS) to describe and depict the interactivity between attributes. Firstly, the interactivity between attributes is defined by the supermodular game theory. According to this definition, a linguistic term set is established to characterize the interactivity between attributes. Under the linguistic term set, the experts employ linguistic expressions generated by context-free grammar to qualitatively describe the interactivity between attributes. Secondly, through the conversion function, the linguistic expressions are transformed into the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTSs). The individual evaluation results of all experts were further aggregated with the defined hesitant fuzzy linguistic weighted power average operator (HFLWPA). Thirdly, based on the standard Euclidean distance formula of the hesitant fuzzy linguistic elements (HFLEs), the hesitant fuzzy linguistic interaction degree (HFLID) between attributes is defined and calculated by constructing a piecewise function. As a result, a 2-order additive fuzzy measure identification method based on HFLID is proposed. Based on the proposed method, using the Choquet fuzzy integral as nonlinear integration operator, a multi-attribute decision making (MADM) process is then presented. Taking the credit assessment of the big data listed companies in China as an application example, the analysis results of application example prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. This work successfully reflects both the fuzziness and hesitation in evaluating the interactivity between attributes in the identification process of 2-order additive fuzzy measure, enriches the theoretical framework of 2-order additive fuzzy measure, and expands the applicability and methodology of 2-order additive fuzzy measure in multi-attribute decision making.
A noise audit of human-labeled benchmarks for machine commonsense reasoning
Authors: Kejriwal Mayank , Santos Henrique , Shen Ke , Mulvehill Alice M. , McGuinness Deborah L.
Published: April 2024

With the advent of large language models, evaluating and benchmarking these systems on important AI problems has taken on newfound importance. Such benchmarking typically involves comparing the predictions of a system against human labels (or a single ‘ground-truth’). However, much recent work in psychology has suggested that most tasks involving significant human judgment can have non-trivial degrees of noise. In his book, Kahneman suggests that noise may be a much more significant component of inaccuracy compared to bias, which has been studied more extensively in the AI community. This article proposes a detailed noise audit of human-labeled benchmarks in machine commonsense reasoning, an important current area of AI research. We conduct noise audits under two important experimental conditions: one in a smaller-scale but higher-quality labeling setting, and another in a larger-scale, more realistic online crowdsourced setting. Using Kahneman’s framework of noise, our results consistently show non-trivial amounts of level, pattern, and system noise, even in the higher-quality setting, with comparable results in the crowdsourced setting. We find that noise can significantly influence the performance estimates that we obtain of commonsense reasoning systems, even if the ‘system’ is a human; in some cases, by almost 10 percent. Labeling noise also affects performance estimates of systems like ChatGPT by more than 4 percent. Our results suggest that the default practice in the AI community of assuming and using a ‘single’ ground-truth, even on problems requiring seemingly straightforward human judgment, may warrant empirical and methodological re-visiting.
SCB-YOLOv5: a lightweight intelligent detection model for athletes’ normative movements
Authors: Du Qing , Tang Lian , Li Ya
Published: April 2024

Intelligent detection of athlete behavior is beneficial for guiding sports instruction. Existing mature target detection algorithms provide significant support for this task. However, large-scale target detection algorithms often encounter more challenges in practical application scenarios. We propose SCB-YOLOv5, to detect standardized movements of gymnasts. First, the movements of aerobics athletes were captured, labeled using the labelImg software, and utilized to establish the athlete normative behavior dataset, which was then enhanced by the dataset augmentation using Mosaic9. Then, we improved the YOLOv5 by (1) incorporating the structures of ShuffleNet V2 and convolutional block attention module to reconstruct the Backbone, effectively reducing the parameter size while maintaining network feature extraction capability; (2) adding a weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network into the multiscale feature fusion, to acquire precise channel and positional information through the global receptive field of feature maps. Finally, SCB-YOLOv5 was lighter by 56.9% than YOLOv5. The detection precision is 93.7%, with a recall of 99% and mAP value of 94.23%. This represents a 3.53% improvement compared to the original algorithm. Extensive experiments have verified that our method. SCB-YOLOv5 can meet the requirements for on-site athlete action detection. Our code and models are available at https://github.com/qingDu1/SCB-YOLOv5.
Shear damage mechanisms of jointed rock mass: a macroscopic and mesoscopic study
Authors: Wang Gang , Liu Wenhao , Jiang Feng , He Peng , Huang Na , Xiao Zhiyong , Zheng Chengcheng
Published: April 2024

The joints are existing throughout the underground rock mass. It is of great significance to investigate the shear performance of the rock mass to maintain the stability of the underground structure. In this study, we conducted orthogonal tests to determine the proportion of rock-like materials, and used JRC curves to make specimen molds and then prepare the specimens. We conducted straight shear tests and uniaxial compression tests to determine the various mechanical parameters of the rock-like materials. Next, we carried out the compression and shear tests to investigate the shear characteristics of the specimens, and study the damage pattern and shear strength of the jointed rock mass under different confining pressures and roughness levels. The mesoscopic displacements in the shear process of joints were analyzed by using ABAQUS. The test results show that the effect of the confining pressure on the shear strength of the joint plane is relatively obvious, and a larger confining pressure indicates a larger shear strength. The effects of different joint plane roughness and shear rated on the shear characteristics of the joint plane are also significant. The mesoscopic displacement difference inside the joint plane with higher roughness is relatively large, and the stress concentration phenomenon is obvious and lasts longer, which leads to the faster destruction of the specimen with higher roughness and the higher destruction degree. Therefore, we suggest that the priority should be given to the reinforcement of jointed rock mass with high roughness during the construction to prevent sudden destabilization and failure.
The relationship between cardiac oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine response, cardiac pump function, and prognosis post-myocardial infarction
Authors: Duan Dongpeng , Li Hongjun , Chai Shiyun , Zhang Linlin , Fan Tianfeng , Hu Zhenfeng , Feng Yan
Published: April 2024

This study delves into the potential connections between cardiac oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine response, cardiac pump function, and prognosis in individuals following myocardial infarction. A total of 276 patients were categorized into two groups: the control group (n = 130) and the observation group (n = 146), based on the drug intervention strategies. The control group received standard drug treatment, while the observation group received early drug intervention targeting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatment in addition to standard treatment. Serum levels of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-9 (IL-6), were assessed using enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The Forkhead Box Protein A2 (FOX2) reagent was used to determine the overall oxidation level. Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Diameter (LVEDD), Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF), and End-Systolic Diameter (ESD) were measured using Doppler ultrasound. The observation group exhibited significantly reduced serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the observation group exerted lower total oxidation levels, OSI, EDD, and ESD compared to the control group (P < 0.05), while the LVEF and TAS levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Remarkably, the observation group experienced a significant reduction in the incidences of reinfarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, and abnormal valve function compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Decreased cardiac pump function and a more unfavorable prognosis were associated with elevated levels of cardiac oxidative stress and inflammatory factors (P < 0.05). Timely intervention with appropriate medications have a crucial effect in decreasing inflammatory marker levels, mitigating oxidative pressure, and enhancing cardiac pumping capacity and overall prognosis.
A fused multi-subfrequency bands and CBAM SSVEP-BCI classification method based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Lei Dongyang , Dong Chaoyi , Guo Hongfei , Ma Pengfei , Liu Huanzi , Bao Naqin , Kang Hongzhuo , Chen Xiaoyan , Wu Yi
Published: April 2024

For the brain-computer interface (BCI) system based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), it is difficult to obtain satisfactory classification performance for short-time window SSVEP signals by traditional methods. In this paper, a fused multi-subfrequency bands and convolutional block attention module (CBAM) classification method based on convolutional neural network (CBAM-CNN) is proposed for discerning SSVEP-BCI tasks. This method extracts multi-subfrequency bands SSVEP signals as the initial input of the network model, and then carries out feature fusion on all feature inputs. In addition, CBAM is embedded in both parts of the initial input and feature fusion for adaptive feature refinement. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, this study uses the datasets of Inner Mongolia University of Technology (IMUT) and Tsinghua University (THU) to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the highest accuracy of CBAM-CNN reaches 0.9813 percentage point (pp). Within 0.1–2 s time window, the accuracy of CBAM-CNN is 0.0201–0.5388 (pp) higher than that of CNN, CCA-CWT-SVM, CCA-SVM, CCA-GNB, FBCCA, and CCA. Especially in the short-time window range of 0.1–1 s, the performance advantage of CBAM-CNN is more significant. The maximum information transmission rate (ITR) of CBAM-CNN is 503.87 bit/min, which is 227.53 bit/min-503.41 bit/min higher than the above six EEG decoding methods. The study further results show that CBAM-CNN has potential application value in SSVEP decoding.