bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Growth and Yield of Shallots and Melons Based on the Interseasonal Windbreaks Cropping System in Anticipation of Climate Change
Authors: Saparso  , Sudarmaji Arief , Bachtiar Musthafa Muhammad , Tamad
Published: January 2025

Melon is one of the fruits favored by Indonesian people, as well as shallots which are often used as a spice for Indonesian cuisine. The demand for these two commodities are increased continuously, but the land for agriculture purpose is limited. Utilization marginal land of coastal sand is a solution to deal with increasingly limited agricultural land. Marginal land of coastal sand has limiting factors such as high wind speed that carrying salt which can cause salinity stress for plants. In addition, it is necessary to add soil amendments such as manure and clay to improve soil structure. The purpose of this study was to distinguish the effect of season types, windbreak types, and types of plants used on the growth and yield of melon and shallot plants on coastal land, and to determine the interaction between season types, windbreak types, and plant types on growth and yields of melon and shallot. This study used a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) of Split-Split Plots with three factors and three replications. The first factor is the type of season (dry and rain). The second factor is the type of windbreaker (without windbreaker, 1.5 m plastic windbreaker, 3 rows corn windbreaker, alley corn windbreaker). The third factor is the type of plant [salinity sensitive plants (melon) and salinity resistant plants (shallots)]. The result of the observation data were observed by means of variance and the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 5% test was performed. The variables observed in the plant growth component were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of root, fresh weight of plants, and dry weight of plants. The variables observed in the plant yield components were fresh weight of tubers, fresh weight of fruits, and crop yield. There is an interaction between the seasonal factor and the type of plant on the variables of fresh weight of tubers. There is an interaction between the types of windbreakers and the types of plants on the variables of fresh weight of root, fresh weight of tubers, dry weight of plants. There is an interaction between the type of season and the type of wind break in melon and shallot plants in almost all the observed variables. The 1.5 m plastic windbreaker is more effective in the rainy season on melon and shallot plants. This is because during the dry season the level of salinity is higher (0,74 mS/cm) than the rainy season (0,61 mS/cm). Plastic windbreakers are the highest windbreakers and can reduce wind speed which carries salt particles on salinity-sensitive melon plants and salinity-resistant shallot plants.
Accelerating Public-Private Partnerships for Overcoming Community Vulnerabilities in Coastal Peatlands Riau
Authors: Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini , Ikhsan Masrul , Rinto Rinto
Published: January 2025

Riau’s coastal peatlands face major challenges due to environmental degradation, climate change, and socio-economic vulnerabilities affecting local communities. This study aims to explore the potential of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a strategic solution to enhance community resilience and promote sustainable development in the region. Through a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and case studies, this study identifies key factors that support the success of PPPs, such as active stakeholder engagement, resource mobilization, and data-driven policy innovation. The study findings show that PPPs can accelerate peatland rehabilitation, improve socio-economic welfare, and reduce the impact of natural disasters. However, challenges related to the imbalance of actor roles, inter-agency coordination, and limited local technological capacity remain major obstacles. This study concludes that effective PPPs require an inclusive policy framework, strengthening community capacity, and technology integration to ensure the sustainability and success of the program. Key recommendations include the development of more coordinated policies between the central and regional governments, and increasing community participation in every stage of the program.
Sustainable Transportation in Indonesia: Opportunities for Environmentally Friendly Shuttle Services on the Bandung-Jakarta Route
Authors: Pamungkas Mochammad Rifky , Maulina Erna , Arifianti Ria , Muftiadi Anang
Published: January 2025

This study examines the potential of implementing sustainable electric shuttle services on the Bandung-Jakarta route, a high-traffic corridor in Indonesia. The research explores infrastructure readiness, regulatory frameworks, and the challenges of transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs). It highlights that while the initial capital costs for EVs are high, the long-term environmental benefits-such as emission reductions and improved air quality—are significant. The study also identifies challenges, including limited charging infrastructure, regulatory barriers, and risks such as flooding and extreme weather conditions. To overcome these obstacles, a holistic approach involving collaboration between government, industry, and shuttle operators is necessary. Technological innovations, such as route optimization, smart grids, and EV infrastructure, are essential for the successful implementation of electric shuttles. By adopting these innovations, Indonesia can achieve its sustainability goals, reduce carbon emissions, and improve public transportation.
Community-Based Mangrove Forest Development as an Ecotourism Area to Improve Community Welfare
Authors: Elfina Yetti , Sukendi Sukendi , Efriyeldi Efriyeldi , Sutikno Agus , Syahza Almasdi
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine and improve the potential of mangrove forests in Teluk Pambang and Selat Baru, Bengkalis Indonesia to improve community welfare. This research was conducted by using the method of field observation (observation), interviews with stakeholders including the surrounding community, fishermen, tourism area managers and related agencies from the Bengkalis Regional Government and literature study. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and described in descriptive form. This study shows that Teluk Pambang and Selat Baru Villages have great potential for sustainable ecotourism due to their biodiversity, beautiful landscapes and local cultural activities. Teluk Pambang Village has and offers a wealth of flora and fauna, while Selat Baru has beautiful and stunning beaches and delicious local cuisine that make it attractive to tourists. The development of ecotourism in Teluk Pambang and Selat Baru Villages requires cooperation from various parties. The local government must prioritize support in both areas. Cooperation with related parties can build an industry in the field of ecotourism that can improve community welfare and preserve our natural resources. The implications for developing sustainable ecotourism in the Teluk Pambang and Selat Baru Village areas can be a model for other coastal communities, encouraging economic growth while protecting our natural heritage.
The Role of Siak District Library and Archives Office in Disaster Mitigation
Authors: Yazid Tantri Puspita , Salam Noor Efni , Iskandar Dahrial , Hardianti Fitri , Elsarena Mai Sela Rosa , Wahidar Tutut Ismi
Published: January 2025

Siak is one of the districts in Riau Province. Siak is one of the areas indicated to be hit by a number of serious natural disasters in the last four years, this is confirmed based on data released by the 2024-2028 Disaster Risk Assessment (KRB). Some disasters that are indicated to have a more frequent frequency level in Siak include floods, extreme weather, extreme heat waves, abrasion, forest and land fires, drought, disease outbreaks, earthquakes to landslides. Serious efforts are needed in reducing disaster risk (disaster mitigation) so that Siak Regency becomes a district that is conducive and emergency-responsive in the face of future disasters. One of the agencies that plays an important role in this disaster mitigation process is the Library and Archives Office of Siak Regency. The purpose of this research is to find out the disaster mitigation process carried out by the Library and Archives Office of Siak Regency. The method used is qualitative, with data collection techniques using in-depth interviews and observation. The data analysis technique used is Miles and Huberman, and the data validity technique uses triangulation. It is hoped that this research can produce a disaster mitigation model by the Library and Archives Office in Siak Regency.
Siak Tourism Based on Environmental Policy: Analysis of Tourism Development Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Pakhapan Saiman , Heriyanto Meyzi , Ismandianto Ismandianto , Marta Auradian , Wirman Welly , Mashur Dadang , Fadli Mashur
Published: January 2025

This research seeks to examine various environmentally based international tourism developments with investment policies in Siak Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. This research aims to identify, map international tourism opportunities and solutions specifically for tourism in Siaknegara district. Research data was collected based on observations, interviews and documentation in the field. Once collected, the data is analyzed by SWOT analysis. The research results show the need to make strategic formulations in order to develop internationally so that it is sustainable. The government’s policy of developing international border tourism for various stakeholders to collaborate has not been well integrated between the central government and the local government. The focus point for Siak tourism development is basic infrastructure and public facilities so that it is hoped that it will continue to increase the value and competitiveness of international border tourism. Siak tourism has the tagline “The Homeland of Malay”. All tourism activities must consider the existence of existing ecosystems in order to preserve existing life and maintain environmental quality. The need for policies and strategies in environmentally based management of natural tourism aims to preserve the environment and maintain the continuity of natural tourism activities so as to increase the country’s foreign exchange.
Critical Study of the Implementation of the Right of Self-Determination in Protecting Indonesia’s Environmental and Economic Sovereignty
Authors: Sudarmo Sudarmo , Febrianty Yenny , Putri Viorizza Suciani , Muhtar Mohamad Hidayat , Salahuddin Salahuddin
Published: January 2025

Indonesia’s claim to self-determination is challenged by the nation’s dependence on foreign economic interests, particularly in the management of its natural resources. As foreign nations and corporations enter through investment and employment contracts, they often gain equal footing with domestic entities, which undermines Indonesia’s control over its environmental resources. The lack of autonomous management of these resources, coupled with policies favoring foreign interests, raises concerns about Indonesia’s environmental sovereignty. This research aims to examine how the Right to Economic Self-Determination Principle can be leveraged to protect Indonesia’s environmental and economic sovereignty. Given its philosophical and analytical orientation, along with its descriptive and normative legal analysis, this study falls under the category of normative legal research. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s reliance on foreign investment and inadequate regulations, such as inequitable contracts related to environmental resource exploitation, challenge the nation’s commitment to self-determination. Additionally, the burden of foreign debt further hinders the effective exercise of this right. There is a pressing need to reharmonize the spirit of environmental and economic freedom, as enshrined in the 1945 Constitution, with current laws. This includes restructuring contracts and agreements with foreign entities involved in Indonesia’s environmental sectors to ensure alignment with national sovereignty.
Energy Storage Systems - Energizing the Future: A Review
Authors: Ravi Adarsh , Rajkumar Jayakumar Kiran , Perumal Azhahia Padmanabha Pillai Thanumalaya
Published: January 2025

We are facing an energy deficit as a result of our growing energy demand [1]. In addition, with traditional energy sources depleting rapidly, solar and wind power have emerged as the primary alternatives for renewable energy. The biggest drawback of solar and wind energy sources is their irregular and intermittent nature. Energy storage systems are essential due to the growing integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid and the worsening problem of intermittency. Improving energy efficiency is viewed as a critical step toward addressing global warming and reaching the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2020, the world’s 10 largest energy-consuming countries accounted for 66.8% of worldwide consumption, with India among them [1]. This study provides a thorough examination of several ESS topologies, encompassing their development, historical background, and present state. It also conveys system requirements and comparison based on various applications under ESS. Finally, a case study is provided in order to determine best possible ESS for EVs primarily focused in India. We have understood main parameters and criteria used to measure the importance of ESS and thus helping to choose the best option. A “performance indexing” have been performed for the specific application and a comparison is presented.
Umgang mit herausforderndem Verhalten bei jungen Menschen auf geschützt-geschlossenen psychiatrischen Stationen
Authors: Reichert Andreas
Published: January 2025

Die Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen, die sich in psychischen Ausnahmezuständen befinden, ist anspruchsvoll – häufig kommt es zu Aggressionen und Widerstandshandlungen. Doch hinter diesem Verhalten steckt meist keine Bosheit, sondern das verborgene Bedürfnis, mit Fachkräften zu kommunizieren und Gefühle wie Angst oder Verzweiflung auszudrücken. Das Konzept des lösungsorientierten Arbeitens kann dabei unterstützen, das herausfordernde Verhalten einzuordnen und Eskalationen vorzubeugen.
Study of the growth kinetics of facets in a free-growing 4He crystal
Authors: Tsymbalenko V. L.
Published: January 2025

The free growth of a 4He crystal is studied in the temperature interval between 0.5 and 1.5 K for departures up to 1000 dyne/cm2 from the phase equilibrium pressure value. A method has been worked out for growing helium crystals with the minimum number of defects. The anisotropy of the kinetic coefficient of crystal growth is measured directly from the shape of the crystal. The crystal retained its shape during growth below both faceting transitions, thus indicating the proportionality of growth rates for free facets of all orientations. This speaks in favor of a common mechanism of growth of basal and lateral facets. Nevertheless, the rate of growth of equivalent facets under identical conditions differs by a factor of about two, their magnitude depending on the deformation. This leads to the conclusion that surface defects influence the crystal growth rate considerably. A threshold is observed in the dependence of growth rate on supersaturation. The results are explained qualitatively by the model of layered growth of crystals, in which the formation of a new layer is controlled by Frank–Read sources and surface defects.
Magnetoresistance of two-dimensional beryllium films
Authors: Semenenko E. E. , Tutov V. I.
Published: January 2025

The magnetoresistance (MR) of clean, weakly localized beryllium films of thickness below 100 Å is studied in fields 0–30 kOe at temperatures 4.2 and 2.2 K. The films were obtained at 300 K in a vacuum of 10−10 Pa. The behavior of MR is considerably irregular. In fields up to 9 and 23 kOe (at 4.2 and 2.2 K, respectively), the MR effect is positive. Negative MR is observed in higher fields. The positive MR effect attains its peak value ΔR□/R□ = 5 · 10−4 and 45 · 10−4 in fields of 3 and 5.5 kOe at 4.2 and 2.2 K, respectively. Singularities in the MR behavior correspond to the behavior of MR of metal films with a weak spin-orbit interaction and point towards the presence of superconducting metastable modification in investigated condensates with the superconducting transition temperature suppressed to 0.5 K.
Wave propagation in a superfluid 3He–A film
Authors: Karchava T. A. , Kekutiya Sh. E. , Chkhaidze N. D.
Published: January 2025

The propagation of waves in a superfluid 3He–A film in a strong magnetic field with partial clamping of the normal component is investigated. The velocities and absorption coefficients are calculated for the propagating waves. It is determined that, in contrast with 4He, a highly damped temperature wave (fifth sound) exists in the adiabatic regime.
Stepwise dependence of the critical temperature on oxygen content and isotope effect anomalies in YBa2Cu3O6+x as manifestations of plasmon mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity
Authors: Pashitskiĭ È. A.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the nonmonotonic (stepwise) dependence of the superconducting transition temperature Tc on x in YBa2Cu3O6+x and the anomalously weak negative isotope effect for oxygen in YBa2 Cu3O7 upon a selective replacement of the isotope 16O by 18O in CuO2 planes are due to a competition between the phonon and plasmon mechanisms of high-temperature superconductivity. The possibility of observing a finite isotope effect for copper in YBa2 Cu3O6+x in the interval 0.50 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.75 and in other metaloxide cuprates with Tc < 60 K is predicted.
Evolution of electron beams in a two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Gurzhi R. N. , Kalinenko A. N. , Kopeliovich A. I.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that experiments with electron beams can provide detailed information on qualitatively new kinetic effects in a two-dimensional degenerate gas of interacting electrons.
Sensitivity of the magnetic axis to variations in the magnetic field
Authors: Hudson S. R. , Guinchard S. , Sengupta W.
Published: January 2025

Lagrangian variational principles are used to locate the magnetic axis and to determine its sensitivity to variations in the magnetic field. Only the change in the magnetic field on axis is required to determine, to lowest order, the location of the new magnetic axis. Using a simple example, namely, the magnetic field produced by a set of current-carrying filaments (a.k.a. coils), the variation in the coil geometry that induces the largest change in the magnetic axis is determined using singular value decomposition.
Enhancing microgrid stability with a PD-PIDA controlled STATCOM using a MGOA for fast-frequency response
Authors: Yameen Muhammad Zubair , Lu Zhigang
Published: January 2025

The increasing integration of inverter-interfaced renewable energy resources, particularly doubly fed induction generators based wind turbines, has considerably reduced system inertia within microgrids. This reduction poses challenges for frequency reserve management and grid code compliance, especially in weak alternating current grids. Furthermore, generation losses and post-fault oscillations due to grid disturbances have raised significant concerns about microgrid stability. To address these challenges, a fast frequency response (FFR) is essential. This study introduces a novel Modified Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (MGOA) to optimize the proportional-derivative with proportional-integral derivative-acceleration (PD-PIDA) controller, which dynamically adjusts the reference voltages of the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), providing precise reactive power support and frequency stabilization. The MGOA combines the strengths of the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) and the Differential Evolution algorithm to achieve two critical objectives: mitigating frequency deviations and minimizing direct current-link voltage fluctuations, ensuring enhanced stability and FFR. Simulation results validate the efficacy of the proposed approach, showing significant improvements in frequency stabilization under various scenarios: during a sudden wind speed increase (60.08 Hz compared to 60.23 Hz), a 25% microgrid load increase (59.94 Hz compared to 59.78 Hz), the disconnection of microgrid units (59.904 Hz compared to 59.78 Hz), and a three-phase fault (59.77 Hz compared to 57.77 Hz) compared to the absence of STATCOM. These findings highlight the resilience and exceptional FFR capabilities of the MGOA-tuned PD-PIDA controller while ensuring compliance with North American Electric Reliability Corporation's PRC-024 standard. The proposed method outperforms recent optimization techniques, offering a highly effective solution for enhancing microgrid stability.
Assessing wildland fire suppression effectiveness with infrared imaging on experimental fires
Authors: Wheatley Melanie , Johnston Joshua M. , Wotton B. Mike , Woolford Douglas G. , Martell David L.
Published: January 2025

Background Suppression effectiveness is often evaluated by measuring the extent to which it slows fire spread and reduces fireline intensity. Although studies have used infrared (IR) imaging methods to explore suppression effectiveness, most do not measure or assess the influence of water application on energy release. Aims This preliminary analysis uses IR imagery to quantify the impact of suppression on fire behaviour and the reduction in energy released from a flaming fire. Methods We conducted a series of small-scale experimental burns representative of pine and grass surface litter in the Canadian boreal forest and suppressed these fires while actively monitoring fire behaviour with overhead IR imagery. We used detailed measurements of fire radiative power to estimate fire radiative energy density, forward rate of spread and fireline intensity. Key results We observed changes in fire behaviour due to suppression, quantified the duration of those reductions and detected a suppression signal through an analysis of radiative energy during the flaming combustion phase. Conclusions IR methodology is able to capture the changes in energy released from a fire due to known aspects of water application. Implications Our findings can inform methodologies for field studies on suppression effectiveness, where ground sampling techniques are impractical but airborne IR methods can be employed.
Epstein–Barr virus BALF0/1 subverts the Caveolin and ERAD pathways to target B cell receptor complexes for degradation
Authors: Yiu Stephanie Pei Tung , Liao Yifei , Yan Jinjie , Weekes Michael P. , Gewurz Benjamin E.
Published: January 2025

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) establishes persistent infection, causes infectious mononucleosis, is a major trigger for multiple sclerosis and contributes to multiple cancers. Yet, knowledge remains incomplete about how the virus remodels host B cells to support lytic replication. We previously identified that EBV lytic replication results in selective depletion of plasma membrane (PM) B cell receptor (BCR) complexes, composed of immunoglobulin and the CD79A and CD79B signaling chains. Here, we used proteomic and biochemical approaches to identify that the EBV early lytic protein BALF0/1 is responsible for EBV lytic cycle BCR degradation. Mechanistically, an immunoglobulin heavy chain (HC) cytoplasmic tail KVK motif was required for ubiquitin-mediated BCR degradation, while CD79A and CD79B were dispensable. BALF0/1 subverted caveolin-mediated endocytosis to internalize PM BCR complexes and to deliver them to the endoplasmic reticulum. BALF0/1 stimulated immunoglobulin HC cytoplasmic tail ubiquitination, which together with the ATPase valosin-containing protein/p97 drove ER-associated degradation of BCR complexes by cytoplasmic proteasomes. BALF0/1 knockout reduced the viral load of secreted EBV particles from B cells that expressed a monoclonal antibody against EBV glycoprotein 350 but not a control anti-influenza hemagglutinin antibody and increased viral particle immunoglobulin incorporation. Consistent with downmodulation of PM BCR, BALF0/1 overexpression reduced viability of a diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell line whose survival is dependent upon BCR signaling. Collectively, our results suggest that EBV BALF0/1 downmodulates immunoglobulin upon lytic reactivation to block BCR signaling and support virion release, but await the development of suitable models to test its roles in EBV reactivation in vivo.
A carnitine transporter at the blood–brain barrier modulates sleep via glial lipid metabolism in
Drosophila
Authors: Avila Ashley , Lewandowski Ava S. , Li Yongjun , Gui Jesse , Lee Kaeun A. , Yang Zhenglang , Kim Mari , Lyles James T. , Man Kai , Sehgal Amita , Chandler Joshua D. , Zhang Shirley L.
Published: January 2025

To regulate brain function, peripheral compounds must traverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB), an interface between the brain and the circulatory system. To determine whether specific transport mechanisms are relevant for sleep, we conducted a BBB-specific inducible RNAi knockdown (iKD) screen for genes affecting sleep in
Drosophila
. We observed reduced sleep with knockdown of solute carrier
CG6126
, a carnitine transporter, as determined by isotope flux. Our findings suggest that
CG6126
regulation of sleep is through the role of the carnitine shuttle in regulating fatty acid metabolism as lipid droplets accumulate in the brains of
CG6126
BBB iKD flies. Knocking down mitochondrial carnitine transferases in non-BBB glial cells mimicked the reduced sleep of the
CG6126
BBB iKD flies, while bypassing the necessity of carnitine transport with dietary medium-chain fatty acids or palmitoylcarnitine rescued sleep. We propose that carnitine transport via
CG6126
promotes brain fatty acid metabolism necessary for maintaining sleep.
JE et ON dans le discours de soignants
Authors: Chatar-Moumni Nizha , Lachet Caroline , Roig Audrey
Published: January 2025

Les structures agentives en JE et ON relevées dans le corpus AS2-HP (corpus de
paroles de soignants) font référence à des groupes de personnes de tailles variées, allant de l’unité (principalement représentée
par JE) à la pluralité interne (spécifique à ON), voire à la totalité dans le cas des emplois
génériques. Par le questionnement des notions d’indéfinitude, d’agentivité collective et de
perception massive, cet article met au jour un continuum organisant le rapport « agent — action », variable selon
le pronom utilisé dans la structure agentive : celles en ON seul rendent le prédicat d’événement plus saillant
que l’énonciateur. Ce dernier, qui renvoie toujours à un collectif de soignants dans ce corpus, entend mettre en évidence l’action
et non tant les personnes qui l’ont réalisée. À l’inverse, l’agentivité en NOUS ON met en valeur l’énonciateur :
le sujet se présente alors sous la forme d’une classe, qui prime sur le prédicat d’événement. À mi-chemin entre
ces deux extrémités du gradient, se trouvent les structures agentives en JE, où agent et
action sont parfaitement égaux : l’agent assume totalement son action et cela, à titre individuel.
Bilingual effects in foreign language learning
Authors: Tribushinina Elena , Radić Angela , Hržica Gordana
Published: January 2025

This study tests the hypothesis that bilingualism is associated with advantages in learning foreign languages. We compare oral (narrative) English skills of 15 Dutch monolinguals (aged 10–12) and 15 age-matched bilinguals acquiring Dutch and Serbian/Croatian. We also test the hypothesis that bilinguals speaking an aspectual home language have an advantage over Dutch monolinguals in learning the English progressive aspect. Narratives produced by adult L1 English speakers were used to establish a baseline of aspectual choices. The results demonstrate that bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on narrative length, lexical diversity and grammatical accuracy, but not on syntactic complexity. Regarding grammatical aspect, monolinguals overused simple forms and underused progressive verb forms, whereas bilinguals used progressives at native-like rates. However, bilinguals slightly overused simple (non-progressive) forms. Bilingual children with higher proficiency in English and Serbian/Croatian and those producing more imperfectives in Serbian/Croatian narratives were less likely to use non-progressive verb forms in English.
How and why is ONE different?
Authors: Morozova Irina , Barbiers Sjef
Published: January 2025

This paper argues that the word for ONE in Russian and Dutch is
not a cardinal numeral but a classifier with an unvalued [Unit:_] feature. The
value of this feature, e.g., [person], [gender], [place] is provided by the
syntactic environment of ONE. Cardinal numerals ≥ TWO are phrasal quantifiers
with a specific value for the feature [Partitioning:_]. We propose a novel
structure for numeral containing nominal phrases, representing two types of
classifiers, generally corresponding to count (lower classifier) and amount
(higher classifier). In non-oblique environments the relation between the
numeral (except for ONE) and the noun is established by a (silent) P. We show
that this structure neatly captures the distinct distribution of ONE, Cardinals,
and Indefinite Numerals (like veel ‘many’) with respect to the
case assignment patterns and the availability of functional classifier-like
nouns (Russian), as well as their cooccurrence with prepositions or diminutive
morphology (Dutch).
ChatGPT as an informant
Authors: Mulders Iris , Ruys E.G.
Published: January 2025

While previous machine learning protocols have failed to achieve even observational adequacy in acquiring natural
language, generative large language models (LLMs) now produce large amounts of free text with few grammatical errors. This is
surprising in view of what is known as “the logical problem of language acquisition”. Given the likely absence of negative
evidence in the training process, how would the LLM acquire the information that certain strings are to be avoided as ill-formed?
We attempt to employ Dutch-speaking ChatGPT as a linguistic informant by capitalizing on the documented “few shot learning”
ability of LLMs. We then investigate whether ChatGPT has acquired familiar island constraints, in particular the CNPC, and compare
its performance to that of native speakers. Although descriptive and explanatory adequacy may remain out of reach, initial results
indicate that ChatGPT performs well over chance in detecting island violations.
Dutch willen’s steps towards a future marker
Authors: van Dooren Annemarie
Published: January 2025

Desire verbs commonly change into markers of future events. Bybee et al. (1994) report of the common pattern in language change in which verbs like want become future markers. Van Dooren et al. (2019) observe that Dutch willen ‘want’ shows indications that it is currently on the path from desire to future: A sentence like Het wil nog wel regenen vandaag ‘It will probably rain today’ (lit. It wants particle particle rain today) indicates that rain might happen later today. The desire element has disappeared. In this short paper, we will further specify and explain van Dooren et al.’s semantic analysis of the future use of Dutch willen. We will argue that it is a root modal, which is pragmatically always future-oriented (extending Condoravdi 2002).
Soil-test dynamics throughout a five-year ‘Thompson Farm’ rotation in Iowa
Authors: Karlen Douglas L. , Kohler Keith A. , Laird David A. , Thompson Richard L. , Buhler Douglas D.
Published: January 2025

Soil-testing is an effective guide for achieving and maintaining an optimum supply of available plant nutrients, but there is little information on the multi-year soil-test changes for farms using long-term crop rotations, ridge-tillage and nutrients supplied by a mixture of organic amendments. Our objectives were to characterize yearly changes in surface soil-test parameters, including the stratification of P and K; compare soil-test methods (Mehlich III versus Bray P1 and 1 M NH4OAc exchangeable K); and evaluate soil-test interpretation strategies [sufficiency level versus basic cation saturation ratio (BCSR)] within a fanner-managed field. The study was conducted on the Clarion–Nicollet–Webster Soil Association near Boone, 1A, in a field that had not been moldboard plowed for 29 years. Soil samples were collected from the 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, and 15–20 cm depth increments before plowing and every autumn thereafter throughout the 5-year rotation. Samples were analyzed for pH, Bray extractable P, exchangeable K, total C and N, NH4− and NO3−N concentrations, and Mehlich III extractable P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn and Zn. Stratification of P and K was evident within 2 years after moldboard plowing. This was not considered a production problem, because, based on sufficiency-level soil-test interpretations, the animal manure/municipal sludge applications had increased soil P and K concentrations to levels where no crop response to additional fertilizer would be expected. Using Mehlich III extradant with simultaneous inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometer (ICP–AES) analysis resulted in soil-test interpretations that were the same as with Bray P1 and 1 M ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) extracting solutions. The Mehlich III solution did extract more Ca than 1 M NH4OAc, causing K saturation percentages to be very low when the data were interpreted using a BCSR approach. We conclude that stratification is not a production issue at this site; that either soil-test methodology would be acceptable for P and K extraction; and that additional studies evaluating the BCSR soil-test interpretation philosophy are warranted.
The economics of organic milk production in California: A comparison with conventional costs
Authors: Butler Leslie J.
Published: January 2025

Interest in organic dairying is increasing at a rapid pace in California, and the demand for organic milk and dairy products is growing even faster. The intent of this study was to determine the cost of organic milk production, and in particular, to determine the differences in cost of production of organic and conventional milk. Primarily we are interested in whether the differences are due to government-mandated requirements or whether they are the result of optional procedures or personal preferences. Previous studies have indicated that under organic production, the higher net returns observed on organic farming enterprises are due mainly to the lower cost of production. This conclusion is not sustained here. Our results show that the total cost of production on a per cow and a per hundredweight basis is 10–20% higher for organic producers than for conventional producers. While not strongly statistically significant, the differences appear to be due to higher feed costs, higher average labor costs, significantly higher herd replacement costs, and significant transition costs
Macroeconomic impacts of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from Canadian agriculture
Authors: Thomassin Paul J.
Published: January 2025

Canada's commitment under the Kyoto Protocol is to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 6% of its 1990 levels. Each industrial sector is investigating alternative technologies, production and management practices that can decrease their GHG emissions. The macroeconomic impacts of four mitigation strategies to reduce GHG emissions from Canada's agriculture sectors were measured using an input-output model. The size of the GHG reduction from each mitigation strategy depended on whether agricultural soils were included as a carbon (C) sink. Including agricultural soils as a C sink impacts on the absolute amount of GHG emissions that must be reduced and the relative importance of the various mitigation strategies. This will be a key factor in policy development. Only one strategy, improving forage quality by 15%, had positive macroeconomic impacts in all situations. It was projected that this strategy would increase industrial output by $106.97 M (M = million; all $ Canadian), gross domestic product at factor cost (GDP) by $45.51 M and employment by 689 jobs. This strategy decreased GHG emissions by 0.07% below the ‘business as usual’ (BAU) situation when sinks were included. Increasing the adoption of zero-till farming had a positive macroeconomic impact only when the industrial sector effects were included. However, when household and industrial-sector impacts were combined, the results were decreases in industrial output of $286.90 M, GDP of $55.98 M and employment by 769 jobs. The mitigation strategy decreased GHG emissions by 3.06% below the BAU situation when sinks were included in the estimate. Improved soil nutrient management through more efficient use of N fertilizer had a negative net impact on the economy. This mitigation strategy had a direct impact on the agriculture and the fertilizer sectors, resulting in net decreases in industrial output of $70.76 M, GDP of $43.38 M and employment of 518 jobs. It was estimated that this mitigation strategy would decrease GHG emissions by 1.37% below the BAU situation. The last mitigation strategy was a permanent plant cover program. This generated the largest negative impact on the economy. It was projected to decrease industrial output by $1192.63 M, GDP by $392.17 M and employment by 6155 jobs. The strategy decreased GHG emissions by 1.73% below the BAU situation.
RNase T2 deficiency promotes TLR13-dependent replenishment of tissue-protective Kupffer cells
Authors: Sato Ryota , Liu Kaiwen , Shibata Takuma , Hoshino Katsuaki , Yamaguchi Kiyoshi , Miyazaki Toru , Hiranuma Ryosuke , Fukui Ryutaro , Motoi Yuji , Fukuda-Ohta Yuri , Zhang Yun , Reuter Tatjana , Ishida Yuko , Kondo Toshikazu , Chiba Tomoki , Asahara Hiroshi , Taoka Masato , Yamauchi Yoshio , Isobe Toshiaki , Kaisho Tsuneyasu , Furukawa Yoichi , Latz Eicke , Nakatani Kohta , Izumi Yoshihiro , Nie Yunzhong , Taniguchi Hideki , Miyake Kensuke
Published: January 2025

Lysosomal stress due to the accumulation of nucleic acids (NAs) activates endosomal TLRs in macrophages. Here, we show that lysosomal RNA stress, caused by the lack of RNase T2, induces macrophage accumulation in multiple organs such as the spleen and liver through TLR13 activation by microbiota-derived ribosomal RNAs. TLR13 triggered emergency myelopoiesis, increasing the number of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow and spleen. Splenic macrophages continued to proliferate and mature into macrophages expressing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In the liver, TLR13 activated monocytes/macrophages to proliferate and mature into monocyte-derived KCs (moKCs), in which, the liver X receptor (LXR) was activated. In accumulated moKCs, tissue clearance genes such as MerTK, AXL, and apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) were highly expressed, while TLR-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines was impaired. Consequently, Rnaset2−/− mice were resistant to acute liver injuries elicited by acetaminophen (APAP) and LPS with D-galactosamine. These findings suggest that TLR13 activated by lysosomal RNA stress promotes the replenishment of tissue-protective Kupffer cells.
Floquet-engineered dynamics of Rydberg atom coupling to superconducting circuit: avoided crossings and their facilitation
Authors: Yao Yijie , Zeng Jiarui , Yao Yao
Published: January 2025

Avoided crossings are always assumed to be a natural result of degeneracy lift. In order to perform quantum simulations of this, one can utilize a Rydberg atom periodically driven by a microwave field, and by further coupling to a superconducting (SC) quantum circuit, the avoided crossing can be largely enhanced depending on the coupling strength. The entire diagram of transition probability is investigated and the parameter regimes for the facilitation of avoided crossings are determined, which will be extremely useful for realistic experimental designs. We then employ the Floquet theory to calculate the quasi-energy distribution of the Rydberg atom, especially in the blue-detuning regime. The opening and closing of the quasi-energy gap is surprisingly found to be insensitive to the frequency of the SC circuit. The anharmonicity of the circuit is also analyzed.
Coupling of a shared hollow cathode with a dual Hall thruster cluster
Authors: Zhang Guangchuan , Ding Jiping , Wang Weizong , Wang Yibai , Qi Jiayun , Ren Junxue , Tang Haibin
Published: January 2025

Hall thruster clusters or arrays are a flexible option for controlling thrust vector, extending lifetime, or enhancing power of the propulsion system. However, the coupling relationship between thrusters and hollow cathodes becomes more complicated due to the intersected plasma plumes of multiple Hall thrusters. In this study, plasma probes were utilized to experimentally investigate the discharge characteristics and plasma plume structure of the thruster cluster plume under different cathode coupling position conditions. Experiments have shown that the synergistic promotion effect of the thruster cluster plumes has a vital influence on the coupling relationship between the thruster cluster and the shared hollow cathode. The plume of one thruster could become a source of electrons for the adjacent thruster, significantly contributing to the ability of the thruster to capture electrons. It can reduce the spatial potential of the plume and enhance the potential drop within the discharge channel, facilitating ionization with an increase of the discharge current by up to 12.8%. Thus, the effect of the hollow cathode position on the thruster discharge characteristics is significantly weaker for the thruster cluster than for the single thruster. In general, this study reveals the coupling law of a dual thruster cluster with a hollow cathode, contributing to the design of a shared cathode for a thruster cluster.
Solution-processed organic/inorganic heterojunction synaptic transistor for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Lan Shuqiong , Si Jinkui , Zheng Zhihan , Lin Jierui , Yu Rengjian , Xu Wangying , Zhou Changjie , Cai Xiaomei , Liao Wenliang
Published: January 2025

Artificial synaptic devices are the hardware foundation of modern computing systems which have shown great potential in overcoming the bottleneck of traditional von-Neumann computing architectures. Organic synaptic transistors have garnered considerable attention due to their merits, such as low cost, low weight, and mechanical flexibility. Various materials are utilized for the charge-capture layer in organic synaptic transistors. Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) is a typical metal oxide semiconductor with a wide bandgap, high carrier mobility, and stable characteristics. Moreover, IGZO is an n-type semiconductor with a lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level compared to p-type semiconductor, which has great potential as a capture material to fabricate high-performance synaptic devices. However, the application of IGZO as the trapping layer in organic synaptic transistors has received limited attention. Consequently, an organic synaptic transistor based on organic/inorganic heterojunction was developed. The impact of program/erase time on memory performance was investigated, revealing that the memory window and memory ratio increased as the write/erase time was extended. Additionally, typical synaptic behavior were successfully emulated, including excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, paired-pulse depression, high-pass filtering characteristics, and the transformation of short-term plasticity to long-term plasticity. Notably, the synaptic transistor based on an inorganic–organic bilayer heterojunction achieved a high recognition accuracy of 89.2% using the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset for handwritten digit training. This study provides a facile route for fabricating high-performance synaptic transistors, paving the way for the development of advanced brain-like computers.
Robust vision-based measurement of structural vibration under highly perturbed ego motion by Lucas–Kanade-based camera motion compensation
Authors: Chen Zhengguang , Liu Jike , Lu Zhong-Rong , Wang Li
Published: January 2025

Non-contact measurement of structural vibrations from video camera has been an emerging method for vibration test and structural health monitoring. However, its accuracy is very sensitive to camera’s ego motion, which may be induced by environmental winds, ground motion or unmanned-aerial-vehicle perturbation. In case of highly perturbed ego motion, the observed structural vibration from video is contaminated and even dominated by camera’s rigid body motion. Thus, to mitigate the effects of camera’s ego motion on vision-based measurement, a camera motion compensation method is proposed within the Lucas–Kanade framework. The realization of the proposed approach is mainly two-fold. At first, the camera’s rigid body motion, possibly being large, is estimated with the help of the projection transformation of a reference template. Next, the structural vibration is recovered in conjunction with the estimated camera’s ego motion. Numerical simulations and real-world experiment are conducted to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method for vibration measurement under highly perturbed camera ego motion.
Effect of anisotropic Peierls barrier on the evolution of discrete dislocation networks in Ni
Authors: Shimanek John D , Bamney Darshan , Capolungo Laurent , Liu Zi-Kui , Beese Allison M
Published: January 2025

Over low and intermediate strain rates, plasticity in face centered cubic (FCC) metals is governed by the glide of dislocations, which manifest as complex networks that evolve with strain. Considering the elastic anisotropy of FCC metals, the characteristics of dislocation motion are also anisotropic (i.e. dislocation character angle-dependent), which is expected to notably influence the overall evolution of the dislocation network, and consequently, the plastic response of these materials. The aggregate influence of the anisotropy in the Peierls stress on the mechanical response of single crystal Ni was investigated in the present work using discrete dislocation dynamics simulations. Twenty initial dislocation networks, differing in their configuration and dislocation density, were deformed under uniaxial tension up to at least 0.9% strain, and the analysis of character-dependent dynamics showed a suppression of plasticity only for segments of nearly screw character. While the increased screw component of the Peierls stress raised the initial strain hardening rate, it also resulted in longer dislocation segments overall, contrary to the reasoning that longer pinned segments exhibit a lower resistance to motion and might give a weaker response. A non-linear superposition principle is demonstrated to predict the hardening reasonably well, considering the cumulative effects of forest and Peierls stress-related strengthening. Further analysis of the network topology revealed a tendency to maintain connectivity over the course of deformation for those networks simulated using an unequal Peierls stress. The general increases in hardening rate and network connectivity contrast with the localized reduction of dislocation motion, which occurred mainly for segments of nearly screw-type character.
Multi-phase uniformly distributed γ/γ′ phase interfacial friction mechanism of nickel-based single crystal alloys
Authors: Zhu Zongxiao , Ren Xiaojun , Zheng Min , Chen Weihua , Wei Xingchun , Song Bo , Tan Hui
Published: January 2025

The molecular dynamics method was employed to simulate the friction process at the multiphase uniformly distributed γ/γ′ phase interface of a nickel-based single crystal alloy. The results show that the presence of a coherent interface significantly affects friction force fluctuations, abrasion mark morphology, atomic displacement, and material resilience. The coefficient of friction varies with the number of interfaces and is closely related to the depth of wear. Atomic displacements and strains are affected by the lattice interfaces, which affect the propagation of strains. As the number of interfaces increases, the elasticity of the γ′ phase increases, while the elasticity of the γ phase decreases. The number of interfaces also affects the dislocation density and the dislocations due to mismatch. Adequate control of the coherent interfaces is therefore essential to optimize the friction and wear characteristics.