bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flowering Plants of the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Venu P.
Published: April 2015

Reviewed: Flowering Plants of the Western Ghats, India by T. S. Nayar, A. Rasiya Beegam and M. Sibi. 2014. Thiruvananthapuram, India:  Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute. 1683 + i–x + i–vi pp., in 2 volumes. ISBN 978-81-920098-2-7 and ISBN 978-81-920098-3-4.
Biodiversidade do Município de Sorocaba
Authors: Smith Welber Senteio
Published: April 2015

Reviewed: Biodiversidade do Município de Sorocaba by W.S. Smith, V. D. Mota Jr. and J. L. Carvalho. 2014. Sorocaba: Prefeitura Municipal de Sorocaba. 272 pp. ISBN: 978-85-89017-02-0.
Ultimate CO2 Storage Capacity of an Over-Pressurized 2D Aquifer Model
Authors: Shen Tong , Moghanloo Rouzbeh Ghanbarnezhad , Tian Wei
Published: April 2015

This paper examines a systematic approach to determine ultimate CO2 storage capacity of two-dimensional (2D) aquifer model owing to capillary snap-off, gas dissolution, and gas compression. In our previous paper, an application of fractional flow theory was presented to evaluate CO2 storage capacity of an aquifer because of capillary snap-off and gas dissolution; we re-visit that solution and incorporate gas compression as the third mechanism by which CO2 is sequestered in geological formation. The gas compression is triggered when the pressure wave created at the injection well reaches to the physical boundaries of aquifer; beyond that point, the aquifer would realize pressure build-up (over-pressurized). Generally, numerical simulations are used to assess the CO2 storage capacity of a geological formation and evaluate various trapping mechanisms. However, the simulations are complex and time-consuming and they require detailed inputs; whereas, the presented method requires limited inputs and provides fast results in agreement with the simulation that makes the method suitable tool to compare and screen the CO2 storage potential of various formations.

We study partially sealed aquifers where the build-up period starts at some point between the arrival of injection pressure wave and the injected fluid to the distant boundary; whereas, in completely sealed aquifer, the pressure build up starts immediately after the injection wave reaches to the boundary. We develop a mathematical expression to estimate the maximum CO2 storage capacity for the partially sealed aquifer.

To verify the analytic solution, we incorporate the contribution of compressibility into the model we previously developed via an adjusted injection rate. The adjusted injection rate is presented as a function of the dimensionless aquifer properties through a set of plots. Gas compression yields larger immobile CO2 plume during the aquifer build-up period. However, we limit the pressure adjutant to the aquifer boundaries to the fracturing pressure/rock failure beyond which elastic deformation is not sustained.

In practice, the proposed method provides an efficient screening method to assess the CO2 storage capacity of over-pressurized aquifers and significantly reduces the simulation costs while providing an interesting insight.
Phenotypic variation of Lotus corniculatus L. natural populations in relation to habitat type and management regimes
Authors: Giagourta Panagiota , Abraham Eleni , Parissi Zoi , Kyriazopoulos Apostolos
Published: April 2015

Lotus corniculatus is a highly diverse legume with good adaptability to
different soil and climatic conditions. The objective of this research was to
estimate the phenotypic diversity of individual L. corniculatus plants
growing under two different habitat types with different grazing management.
The collection of plant material was conducted in four forested and four open
grassland sites in northern Greece. Plants from open grassland had
significantly lower leaf area, leaf perimeter, leaf length, leaf width and
internode length compared to those from the forest. This morphological
differentiation could be contributed to by differences in grazing intensity.
Plants from open grasslands had significantly higher total phenols and
condensed tannins, but lower crude protein content compared to those from the
forest. Environmental factors in association with grazing management are the
main contributors to the highly divergent concentrations of phenols, tannins
and condensed tannins.
Clinical and Socio demographic profile of attendees at ART centre in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore, India
Authors: Nayak U.B. , Lenka S. , Achappa B.
Published: April 2015

Introduction: India has the third largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS. There is a need to study the profile of patients who come to ART centers and link their clinical and socio-demographic variables in the management. Moreover, it is important to understand the presentation of HIV disease in the local context and culture. The present study is aimed at identifying the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentations of HIV/AIDS patients, opportunistic infections and the possible risk factors for acquiring HIV infection at an ART centre of Government Wenlock hospital, situated in Karnataka state of India. Materials and Methods: In this study 102 HIV patients attending the HIV clinic were enrolled and they were followed for a period of one year with relevant investigations.Results: Of 102 patients 69 were males and 33 were females.The mean age of the study subjects at the time of diagnosis was 38.06. Heterosexual contact was the commonest mode of transmission in96 (94.12%) patients. History suggestive of a risk factor for HIV transmission could not be elicited in 4 (3.92%) patients. Fever (71.5%), weight loss (62.74%), cough (51.96%) and chronic diarrhea (43.9%) were the common presenting symptoms. The most common opportunistic infection was oral candidiasis (66.67%) followed bytuberculosis (22.54%) and pneumocystis pneumonia (13.72%). Significant number of patients (30.37%) developed Zidovudine induced anemia and females were more prone for Zidovudine induced anemia as compared to males. CD4 counts of the patients were significantly inversely correlated with the number of symptoms and the number of opportunistic infections. Conclusion: Majority of patients were of low socioeconomic status and in productive age group with heterosexual contact being commonest mode of transmission.Significant number of patients developed Zidovudine induced anemia and females were more prone. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.11622Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 61-65
Guillain–Barre´ syndrome with bilateral facial palsy with incidental arachnoid cyst
Authors: Mondal Monojit , Biswas Biswajit , Roy Atanu , Das Rajib , Ghosh Taraknath , Barik Kanai Lal , Nayek Kaustav , Datta Asok Kumar
Published: April 2015

This case report describes the findings of a 10-year-old female child admitted with fever and headache for 3 days along with several episodes of vomiting and generalized seizures for 1 day. She regained consciousness 50 minutes after admission with initial treatment, but developed muscle weakness, followed by tetraplegia with areflexia, bilateral facial palsy and respiratory insufficiency. The nerve conduction study (NCV) had evidence of demyelinating neuropathy and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed albumin-cytological dissociation. These neurologic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The patient was treated with immunoglobulin and other supportive cares. Mechanical ventilation was started on day 3 of hospital admission in face of respiratory insuficiency. Recovery, however, was relatively quick and extubation was possible on 6th day. Work up for CNS infection was non-contributory. MRI of brain done during the course, revealed an archnoid cyst in right temporal region which might have contributed to the episode of unconsciousneess, vomiting and convulsion. After two weeks of hospitalization the patient was discharged from the hospital on wheel chair with satisfectory improvement of powers of facial and limb muscles. When the patient was seen at the outpatient department four weeks after hospital discharge, she was able to walk with help with normal facial nerve function on both sides. G B syndrome presenting like meningitis; bilateral facial palsy; and co-presence of an archnoid cyst makes this case worth sharing.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.11627Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 71-74
Pulmonary dysfunction in children with beta thalassemia major in relation with iron overload - a cross sectional hospital based study
Authors: Boddu A , Kumble A , Mahalingam S , Baliga BS , Achappa B
Published: April 2015

Background: Previously many patients with thalassemia major died from severe anemia during first decade, but with modern transfusion therapy many now survive beyond childhood. Because of such therapy, however excessive iron deposition occurs in lungs and causing respiratory dysfunction. Respiratory impairment occurs because of defective chelation and repeated transfusions. Objectives: To a) study pattern of respiratory impairment using spirometry, b) estimate iron overload by measuring serum ferritin levels, c) correlate a&b. Methodology:Thalassemia children >7year, on regular blood transfusion were included in the study after getting institutional ethical clearance .Standardised pulmonary function test was done using spirometry. Iron overload was assessed using serum ferritin levels. Severity of pulmonary dysfunction was correlated with serum ferritin levels. Results:Total of 42 children were included 62% were males and 38% were females (with median age 12yrs). By spirometry 95% had restrictive pattern of respiratory dysfunction. Mean ferritin value was 4152. Out of them10 (23.8%) mild, 25(59%) moderate and 5(12%) severe dysfunction based on FEV1 and FVC. The mean ferritin values in severe respiratory dysfunction is 6275 which is significantly higher when compared to moderate (4249) and mild (3066) pattern of respiratory dysfunction. None of the children had evidence of CCF. Significant correlation (p value=0.003) was found between severity of pulmonary dysfunction with ferritin values and also with weight of the child (p value=0.007). No other significant correlation found between severity pattern and transfusion index, age or height. Conclusion:Restrictive pattern is most common pulmonary dysfunction seen in chronic iron overloaded thalassemia major children. Regular blood transfusions with adequate chelation decrease incidence of pulmonary dysfunction. Screening of all thalassemia children using spirometry is need of the hour. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.11782Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 47-50
Newer initiatives in revised national tuberculosis control programme and its current implementation status
Authors: Soyam Vishal , Boro Pallavi
Published: April 2015

The Revised National Tuberculosis Control programme has continuously innovative and progressive in addressing issues related to Tuberculosis control in India. With the implementation of RNTCP, India has taken huge stride in reduction of mortality and morbidity due to TB. The programme has actively incorporated various new ideas, innovations and information communication technology to curb this menace. These newer initiatives provide unprecedented opportunities to control Tuberculosis more efficiently if it implemented effectively. India has made enormous progress towards TB control through their honest effort. Innovations will effectively leverage India’s endeavour. Programme must continue and sustain these efforts to make India TB free.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.11945 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 1-8
Severe vivax malaria in Eastern India
Authors: Mukherjee Joydeep , Chakrabarty Pradeep
Published: April 2015

Background: Conventionally, vivax malaria was called as benign malaria. But recent reports of severe vivax malaria were coming from different parts of the World. We studied to find out different attributes of patients, suffering from Plasmodium vivax to reveal some key pattern of severe vivax malaria. Methods: Retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted comprising first hundred malaria indoor cases in a tertiary hospital in Kolkata, India, having unstable transmission. Their various parameters were noted in MS-Excel software. Malaria species was identified and severe malaria cases were noted according to WHO criteria. Data was analysed with GraphPad Instat Software. Results: Among 57 vivax malaria cases, 16 (28.1%) were having severe malaria and among 32 falciparum malaria cases, 11 (34.4%) were having severe malaria; without significant difference between two species in incidence of severe malaria manifestations. Two (18.2%) patients suffering from mixed malaria had severe malaria. Jaundice was the commonest severe malaria manifestation. Conclusion: Incidence of severe vivax malaria was high. Severe malaria manifestations were present in vivax and falciparum cases, without significant difference.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12094 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 17-20
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma: A Rare and unusual histological variant of prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Gupta Amit , Chaddha Bhavesh , Prakash Puneet , Pathak Priya , Wadhwa Neelam
Published: April 2015

Carcinosarcoma of Prostate also known as Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare biphasic malignancy with a malignant epithelial component (carcinomatous) and a malignant  mesenchymal component. We  report a case of this rare and unusual histological variant of  prostatic carcinoma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12336 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 69-70
Simple fabrication of highly ordered anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films
Authors: Dadras Sedigheh , Aawani Elaheh , Dariani Reza Sabet
Published: April 2015

Anodic aluminum oxide is a well-known template for nanofabrication. Structural features of anodic aluminum oxide, such as pore diameter, can be controlled by adjusting anodization operating conditions. In this paper we will describe how nanoporous alumina of different porosities was prepared using electrochemical anodization. The influence of anodization time, potential, and temperature on the formation of well-ordered porous anodic aluminum oxide was studied. Results from high-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscopy have shown that pore diameter increases with increasing potential, temperature, and anodization time. Optimal anodic aluminum oxide pore diameter and arrangement were obtained for samples anodized at 40 V, 30°C for 60 min.
Assemblages of sovereignty and anti-sovereign effects on the Irish border
Authors: Cañás Bottos Lorenzo
Published: April 2015

Based on fieldwork undertaken in 2004–2005, I analyze how the Irish border has been constructed, represented, challenged, and imagined by both the state and borderlanders as a means to discuss processes of constructing sovereignty. I focus on the concept of “assemblage” to integrate and highlight the tensions and contradictions between different levels of analysis: the juridical, the academic representation of the border, and the memories and practices of borderlanders. I argue that sovereignty, rather than a claim to be taken at face value by states, is the emergent property of the combination of a variety of forces, forms, and practices involved in the making of borders, and that its very enactment also produces anti-sovereign effects.
Giant ethmoidal sinus osteoma with intraorbital extension: a case report
Authors: Ansari Sajid , Hasin Nadia , Ozair Erum , Amanullah Farid Md
Published: April 2015

Osteoma is the most frequent benign tumor of paranasal sinuses. Usually osteomas are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during radiological imaging for other reasons. A giant osteoma with intraorbital extension is rare. Plain radiograph may be useful; however CT scan is the best modality of investigation for diagnosing and treatment planning. In asymptomatic osteomas, serial follow-up can be done. Surgery is performed in the presence of symptoms and signs. We report a case of 60 years old woman with a large osteoma of right ethmoid sinus extending into the ipsilateral orbital cavity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i1.20925 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(1) 2015 p.95-97
Health and healing in Islam: links and gaps with (post)modern practices
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Tariqur
Published: April 2015

Therapeutic interventions deal with healthy living i.e., maintenance of good health, dealing with conditions that requires special care such as child birth and healing i.e., treatment and cure of the sickness. Islam guides mankind to have ultimate faith on Allah Almightys approval for healthy living and healing as well as provides guidelines for cleanliness, healthy eating/drinking habits and controlled physical and mental stress. Thus, holistic view of healthy living and healing in Islam is founded both on the faith on the oneness and the almighty authority of Allah as well as physical, social, psychological factors. Revealed scriptures before Qur`an, gave equal emphasis on the same faith and factors. At the same time, different schools of thought of therapeutic interventions deal either with the physical or the metaphysical means of health and healing. This paper will discuss the links and gaps between Islamic principles and practices for health and healing and similar practices in other faith and therapeutic interventions observed in (post)modern community.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.119-129
Field Observation of Cooling Energy Savings Due to High-Reflectance Paints
Authors: Takebayashi Hideki , Yamada Chihiro
Published: April 2015

Cooling energy savings in a building with the roof coated with high-reflectance paint are examined. It is difficult to recognize such savings using the data observed hourly. Among the factors assumed to affect cooling energy load are: (1) internal heat generation, (2) set temperature, and (3) weather conditions. By analyzing the relationship between indoor-outdoor air temperature difference (averaged) and electric power consumption (integrated) of the air conditioner in the building over a day, the reduction in electric power consumption due to the use of a high-reflectance paint coating is estimated at approximately 72 Wh·m−2·day−1.
Empirical Research on China’s Carbon Productivity Decomposition Model Based on Multi-Dimensional Factors
Authors: Lu Jianchang , Fan Weiguo , Meng Ming
Published: April 2015

Based on the international community’s analysis of the present CO2 emissions situation, a Log Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition model is proposed in this paper, aiming to reflect the decomposition of carbon productivity. The model is designed by analyzing the factors that affect carbon productivity. China’s contribution to carbon productivity is analyzed from the dimensions of influencing factors, regional structure and industrial structure. It comes to the conclusions that: (a) economic output, the provincial carbon productivity and energy structure are the most influential factors, which are consistent with China’s current actual policy; (b) the distribution patterns of economic output, carbon productivity and energy structure in different regions have nothing to do with the Chinese traditional sense of the regional economic development patterns; (c) considering the regional protectionism, regional actual situation need to be considered at the same time; (d) in the study of the industrial structure, the contribution value of industry is the most prominent factor for China’s carbon productivity, while the industrial restructuring has not been done well enough.
Hydrazine Borane and Hydrazinidoboranes as Chemical Hydrogen Storage Materials
Authors: Moury Romain , Demirci Umit
Published: April 2015

Hydrazine borane N2H4BH3 and alkali derivatives (i.e., lithium, sodium and potassium hydrazinidoboranes MN2H3BH3 with M = Li, Na and K) have been considered as potential chemical hydrogen storage materials. They belong to the family of boron- and nitrogen-based materials and the present article aims at providing a timely review while focusing on fundamentals so that their effective potential in the field could be appreciated. It stands out that, on the one hand, hydrazine borane, in aqueous solution, would be suitable for full dehydrogenation in hydrolytic conditions; the most attractive feature is the possibility to dehydrogenate, in addition to the BH3 group, the N2H4 moiety in the presence of an active and selective metal-based catalyst but for which further improvements are still necessary. However, the thermolytic dehydrogenation of hydrazine borane should be avoided because of the evolution of significant amounts of hydrazine and the formation of a shock-sensitive solid residue upon heating at >300 °C. On the other hand, the alkali hydrazinidoboranes, obtained by reaction of hydrazine borane with alkali hydrides, would be more suitable to thermolytic dehydrogenation, with improved properties in comparison to the parent borane. All of these aspects are surveyed herein and put into perspective.
Recent Advances in the Characterization of Gaseous and Liquid Fuels by Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Kiefer Johannes
Published: April 2015

Most commercial gaseous and liquid fuels are mixtures of multiple chemical compounds. In recent years, these mixtures became even more complicated when the suppliers started to admix biofuels into the petrochemical basic fuels. As the properties of such mixtures can vary with composition, there is a need for reliable analytical technologies in order to ensure stable operation of devices such as internal combustion engines and gas turbines. Vibrational spectroscopic methods have proved their suitability for fuel characterization. Moreover, they have the potential to overcome existing limitations of established technologies, because they are fast and accurate, and they do not require sampling; hence they can be deployed as inline sensors. This article reviews the recent advances of vibrational spectroscopy in terms of infrared absorption (IR) and Raman spectroscopy in the context of fuel characterization. The focus of the paper lies on gaseous and liquid fuels, which are dominant in the transportation sector and in the distributed generation of power. On top of an introduction to the physical principles and review of the literature, the techniques are critically discussed and compared with each other.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and 2D-QSAR Study of Halophenyl Bis-Hydrazones as Antimicrobial and Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Hatem , Eldehna Wagdy , Fares Mohamed , Al-Rashood Sara , Al-Rashood Khalid , Abdel-Aziz Marwa , Soliman Dalia
Published: April 2015

In continuation of our endeavor towards the development of potent and effective antimicrobial agents, three series of halophenyl bis-hydrazones (14a–n, 16a–d, 17a and 17b) were synthesized and evaluated for their potential antibacterial, antifungal and antimycobacterial activities. These efforts led to the identification of five molecules 14c, 14g, 16b, 17a and 17b (MIC range from 0.12 to 7.81 μg/mL) with broad antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Aspergillus fumigates; Gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Bacillis subtilis; and Gram negative bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. Three of the most active compounds, 16b, 17a and 17b, were also devoid of apparent cytotoxicity to lung cancer cell line A549. Amphotericin B and ciprofloxacin were used as references for antifungal and antibacterial screening, while isoniazid and pyrazinamide were used as references for antimycobacterial activity. Furthermore, three Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) models were built to explore the structural requirements controlling the different activities of the prepared bis-hydrazones.
Chemicals from Agave sisalana Biomass: Isolation and Identification
Authors: Santos Jener , Vieira Ivo , Braz-Filho Raimundo , Branco Alexsandro
Published: April 2015

Agave sisalana (sisal) is known worldwide as a source of hard fibers, and Brazil is the largest producer of sisal. Nonetheless, the process of removing the fibers of the sisal leaf generates 95% waste. In this study, we applied chemical sequential steps (hydrothermal extraction, precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization, SiO2 and Sephadex LH 20 column chromatography) to obtain pectin, mannitol, succinic acid, kaempferol and a mixture of saponins as raw chemicals from sisal biomass. The structural identification of these compounds was performed though spectrometric methods, such as Infrared (IR), Ultraviolet (UV), Mass spectrometry (MS) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). All the sisal chemicals found in this work are used by both the chemical and pharmaceutical industries as excipients or active principles in products.
Associations between Dietary Iron and Zinc Intakes, and between Biochemical Iron and Zinc Status in Women
Authors: Lim Karen , Booth Alison , Szymlek-Gay Ewa , Gibson Rosalind , Bailey Karl , Irving David , Nowson Caryl , Riddell Lynn
Published: April 2015

Iron and zinc are found in similar foods and absorption of both may be affected by food compounds, thus biochemical iron and zinc status may be related. This cross-sectional study aimed to: (1) describe dietary intakes and biochemical status of iron and zinc; (2) investigate associations between dietary iron and zinc intakes; and (3) investigate associations between biochemical iron and zinc status in a sample of premenopausal women aged 18–50 years who were recruited in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a 154-item food frequency questionnaire (n = 379). Iron status was assessed using serum ferritin and hemoglobin, zinc status using serum zinc (standardized to 08:00 collection), and presence of infection/inflammation using C-reactive protein (n = 326). Associations were explored using multiple regression and logistic regression. Mean (SD) iron and zinc intakes were 10.5 (3.5) mg/day and 9.3 (3.8) mg/day, respectively. Median (interquartile range) serum ferritin was 22 (12–38) μg/L and mean serum zinc concentrations (SD) were 12.6 (1.7) μmol/L in fasting samples and 11.8 (2.0) μmol/L in nonfasting samples. For each 1 mg/day increase in dietary iron intake, zinc intake increased by 0.4 mg/day. Each 1 μmol/L increase in serum zinc corresponded to a 6% increase in serum ferritin, however women with low serum zinc concentration (AM fasting < 10.7 μmol/L; AM nonfasting < 10.1 μmol/L) were not at increased risk of depleted iron stores (serum ferritin <15 μg/L; p = 0.340). Positive associations were observed between dietary iron and zinc intakes, and between iron and zinc status, however interpreting serum ferritin concentrations was not a useful proxy for estimating the likelihood of low serum zinc concentrations and women with depleted iron stores were not at increased risk of impaired zinc status in this cohort.
Height, Zinc and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in Schoolchildren: A Study in Cuba and Cambodia
Authors: De Gier Brechje , Mpabanzi Liliane , Vereecken Kim , Van der Werff Suzanne , D'Haese Patrick , Fiorentino Marion , Khov Kuong , Perignon Marlene , Chamnan Chhoun , Berger Jacques , Parker Megan , Díaz Raquel , Núñez Fidel , Rivero Lázara , Gorbea Mariano , Doak Colleen , Ponce Maiza , Wieringa Frank , Polman Katja
Published: April 2015

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections and zinc deficiency are often found in low- and middle-income countries and are both known to affect child growth. However, studies combining data on zinc and STH are lacking. In two studies in schoolchildren in Cuba and Cambodia, we collected data on height, STH infection and zinc concentration in either plasma (Cambodia) or hair (Cuba). We analyzed whether STH and/or zinc were associated with height for age z-scores and whether STH and zinc were associated. In Cuba, STH prevalence was 8.4%; these were mainly Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections. In Cambodia, STH prevalence was 16.8%, mostly caused by hookworm. In Cuban children, STH infection had a strong association with height for age (aB-0.438, p = 0.001), while hair zinc was significantly associated with height for age only in STH uninfected children. In Cambodian children, plasma zinc was associated with height for age (aB-0.033, p = 0.029), but STH infection was not. Only in Cambodia, STH infection showed an association with zinc concentration (aB-0.233, p = 0.051). Factors influencing child growth differ between populations and may depend on prevalences of STH species and zinc deficiency. Further research is needed to elucidate these relationships and their underlying mechanisms.
Analysis of the Urban Heat Island Effect in Shijiazhuang, China Using Satellite and Airborne Data
Authors: Liu Kai , Su Hongbo , Zhang Lifu , Yang Hang , Zhang Renhua , Li Xueke
Published: April 2015

The urban heat island (UHI) effect resulting from rapid urbanization generally has a negative impact on urban residents. Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei Province in China, was selected to assess surface thermal patterns and its correlation with Land Cover Types (LCTs). This study was conducted using Landsat TM images on the mesoscale level and airborne hyperspectral thermal images on the microscale level. Land surface temperature (LST) was retrieved from four scenes of Landsat TM data in the summer days to analyze the thermal spatial patterns and intensity of surface UHI (SUHI). Surface thermal characteristics were further examined by relating LST to percentage of imperious surface area (ISA%) and four remote sensing indices (RSIs), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Universal Pattern Decomposition method (VIUPD), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Biophysical Composition Index (BCI). On the other hand, fives scenes of airborne TASI (Thermal Airborne Spectrographic Imager sensor) images were utilized to describe more detailed urban thermal characteristics of the downtown of Shijiazhuang city. Our results show that an obvious surface heat island effect existed in the study area during summer days, with a SUHI intensity of 2–4 °C. The analyses reveal that ISA% can provide an additional metric for the study of SUHI, yet its association with LST is not straightforward and this should a focus in future work. It was also found that two physically based indices, VIUPD and BCI, have the potential to account for the variation in urban LST. The results concerning on TASI indicate that diversity of impervious surfaces (rooftops, concrete, and mixed asphalt) contribute most to the SUHI, among all of the land cover features. Moreover, the effect of impervious surfaces on LST is complicated, and the composition and arrangement of land cover features may play an important role in determining the magnitude and intensity of SUHI. Overall, the analysis of urban thermal signatures at two spatial scales complement each other and the use of airborne imagery data with higher spatial resolution is helpful in revealing more details for understanding urban thermal environments.
Adapter les marchés financiers aux changements climatiques
Authors: García Paret Carlos , Lorenzo Santiago
Published: April 2015

Les technologies liées aux énergies renouvelables deviennent plus compétitives que celles des combustibles fossiles et l'impératif climatique pousse les responsables politiques vers les politiques régulatrices qui intègrent les externalités environnementales négatives. Le coût de l'inaction étant plus grand que le coût nécessaire pour s'opposer au changement climatique, le secteur financier doit tenir compte dans ses décisions de la nécessité d'adapter l'économie à une réalité plus stressante et de traiter avec des créneaux importants et prometteurs. D'autre part, l'engagement de la finance dans la lutte contre le changement climatique va l'aider à retrouver une légitimité publique très contestée depuis la Grande Récession. Cet article explore les premières étapes d'un changement systémique des marchés financiers pour qu'ils soient prêts à répondre aux défis du changement climatique. Comment les finances publiques doivent-elles changer à court terme et comment le financement privé peut-il innover et élargir les moyens pour mieux faire face à ces défis ? Classification JEL : G18, Q38, Q54.
Prévention des catastrophes naturelles : viser le long terme sans attendre
Authors: Grislain-Letrémy Céline , Villeneuve Bertrand
Published: April 2015

L'urbanisation des zones exposées aux risques naturels est importante et ira croissant. L'analyse économique propose plusieurs outils pour maîtriser ce phénomène : une tarification de l'assurance ajustée au risque, et un zonage et des normes de construction dans les zones exposées. Ces deux outils sont théoriquement équivalents, mais leurs applications respectives soulèvent différentes difficultés, et les incitations financières ont été excessivement réduites en France. Dans les deux cas, une plus grande rigueur rencontrera des oppositions, car elle touchera plus spécifiquement certains lieux. Nous discutons cette difficile gestion de l'existant et expliquons que les droits du grand-père ou les expropriations ne peuvent être considérés comme des réponses durables. Classification JEL : H23, G22, R52, Q54.
Mettre la finance au service de la société ?
Authors: Boissinot Jean
Published: April 2015

S'appuyant sur un certain nombre d'ouvrages et d'articles récents, cet article vise à mettre en évidence ce que la société est en droit d'attendre de la finance et les fondements qui lui assureraient le bénéfice des retombées positives de ses activités. S'il est nécessaire de disposer d'un solide cadre institutionnel encadrant les activités financières, ce à quoi se sont attelés les pouvoirs publics depuis la dernière crise, il apparaît que l'éthique, son enseignement et sa mise en œuvre effective, est indispensable pour que la société bénéficie pleinement des bienfaits de la finance. Classification JEL : A23, G00, G01, M14.
Les racines cachées du Nouvel Âge
Authors: Verlinde Joseph-Marie
Published: April 2015

S’affirmant au grand jour dans les années 60 et se diffusant très rapidement grâce à un important support médiatique, le Nouvel Âge — qui n’est pas aussi « nouveau » que son nom l’indique — s’enracine dans les courants de pensée qui prennent le relais du rationalisme au tournant du XIX e s. Philologie comparée, science des religions et philosophie romantique posent les jalons et définissent les grands thèmes de ce monisme, proposé dans un « habillage » emprunté aux traditions orientales. Ce néo-gnosticisme, qui s’est imposé progressivement comme nouveau paradigme culturel, constitue un des principaux défis posés au christianisme en ce début de millénaire.
Usage chrétien de la tradition orale juive : quelle déontologie ?
Authors: Durand Marie-Laure
Published: April 2015

De plus en plus souvent, les théologiens chrétiens ont recours à des réflexions ou des propos empruntés aux écrits de la tradition orale juive, Midrash et Talmud. Souvent réalisé en toute sympathie et en toute innocence, un tel geste suppose une éthique appropriée qui tienne compte des enjeux théologiques et historiques inhérents à ce qui semble n’être qu’une simple citation. Estimer ces écrits, c’est avant tout prendre au sérieux l’altérité de la Tradition à laquelle ils appartiennent et dont ils témoignent : dans le respect de la pensée de l’autre, quelque chose se dit du respect de son identité.
Une lecture du document de la Commission théologique internationale :
Authors: Gonneaud Didier
Published: April 2015

Après plus de dix ans de travail, la Commission théologique internationale vient de publier un dossier consacré au diaconat, dans le but de dresser un premier bilan de son évolution depuis sa restauration, et d’ouvrir quelques perspectives. L’axe majeur mis en avant par ce texte est l’affirmation de la sacramentalité du diaconat, comme présupposé implicite de la décision concrète de Vatican II rendant possible au plan local la restauration du diaconat permanent. En analysant les principaux points de cette affirmation, l’article cherche aussi à repérer les questions qui continuent à se poser. En particulier, comment approfondir le lien entre diaconat et Église locale ? Comment articuler le diaconat au sein du rapport entre Église et monde, de façon à mieux ressaisir la manière dont la pratique concrète des diacres dessine progressivement les contours originaux de leur ministère ?
Le corps de la présence réelle
Authors: Vidalin Antoine
Published: April 2015

L’œuvre de Michel Henry, par son élucidation radicale de la phénoménalité dans l’auto-affection de la chair, qui ne se situe plus dans l’extériorité du monde mais dans la Vie invisible qui joint chaque vivant à soi, renouvelle de fond en comble certaines questions philosophiques telles que la vérité du christianisme et le corps. L’article cherche à honorer ces apports dans une réflexion théologique sur l’Eucharistie vue sous l’angle de la question de la présence réelle. Qu’est-ce qu’un corps ? Qu’est-ce que le corps du Christ historique ? Qu’est-ce que le corps eucharistique ? Qu’est-ce que la transsubstantiation ? Autant d’amorces d’une réflexion qui demandera à être poursuivie.
Entre théologie et droit canonique : l’ermite catholique face à l’obéissance
Authors: Bamberg Anne
Published: April 2015

L’étude examine la question de l’obéissance de l’ermite, en insistant sur le cas de l’ermite qui a choisi de vivre, selon le canon 603 § 2 du code de droit canonique, « sous la conduite » de l’évêque diocésain. Ni l’obéissance que tout fidèle catholique doit au magistère, ni celle résultant des conseils évangéliques même formulés à l’intérieur d’un institut de vie consacrée, ne devraient empêcher l’ermite catholique d’avancer sur un chemin de très grande liberté dans la recherche de Dieu. Le cadre institutionnel prévu par le législateur universel s’avère suffisamment souple pour que des vocations tout à fait exceptionnelles puissent se vivre dans la pleine communion de l’Église.
Un renouvellement essentiel dans l’édition des écrits de Thérèse de Lisieux
Authors: Clapier Jean
Published: April 2015

Les récents travaux de Conrad De Meester offrent une remarquable synthèse thérésienne, à la fois exégétique, biographique, spirituelle et doctrinale. Son apport majeur est la justification de la restitution de l’ordre exact des trois principaux manuscrits de Thérèse, désignés selon leur destinataire. Le sigle “A” reste inchangé (Agnès de Jésus). “C” devient “G” (Marie de Gonzague) et “B” devient “M” (Marie du Sacré-Cœur). “A” est immédiatement suivi de “G” et “M” est placé à la troisième place. Place qui fut toujours la sienne de 1898 à 1956. ABC (Père François) devient ainsi AGM. Dépassant le “piège d’une chronologie mal comprise”, la pertinence existentielle et spirituelle de l’ Histoire d’une âme est retrouvée, dans le respect de l’intention originelle de son auteur.
Le rapport intrinsèque du sacerdoce ministériel et du sacerdoce commun des fidèles
Authors: Hennaux Jean-Marie
Published: April 2015

À partir d’une méditation de l’évangile selon saint Jean et d’Ex, 19-24, le présent article cherche à préciser le rapport intrinsèque du sacerdoce hiérarchique et du sacerdoce commun des fidèles. Il est par là même conduit à laisser apparaître une véritable symbolique du sacerdoce. Quelques conclusions pratiques sont tirées de cette symbolique.
La crise financière et économique
Authors: Herr Édouard
Published: April 2015

Après avoir épinglé les préalables à la crise financière et économique actuelle : dérégulation des marchés, argent facile, inventivité effrénée dans la création de produits financiers, pression des actionnaires et son déclenchement causé par la question des subprimes en 2007, l’auteur évoque le problème moral que posent certaines pratiques dans le domaine de la spéculation, constate l’échec du néo-libéralisme dans sa forme actuelle et propose des règles en vue d’assurer le bien commun au niveau mondial.
De l’individu à la personne, détours historiques
Authors: Roger Abbé Baudouin
Published: April 2015

Louis Dumont lie l’individualisme contemporain à l’imbrication des pouvoirs religieux et politique et analyse le développement des formes sociales qui en résultent au plan religieux, politique et économique. Suite à la désimbrication du politique et du religieux, l’Église développe dans sa doctrine sociale une critique de ces formes sociales et oppose à l’individu une conception de l’homme comme « personne » qui conditionne une conception juste de la société.
La culture de la vie et la promotion du pardon en Afrique
Authors: Lentiampa Shenge Adrien
Published: April 2015

Prenant prétexte du dernier Synode Africain qui a eu pour thème « l’Église en Afrique au service de la réconciliation, de la justice et de la paix », cette réflexion aborde la question du rapport entre la culture africaine et le pardon. La thèse centrale qui y est défendue est que, puisque la culture africaine se caractérise par la primauté de la vie sur toute autre valeur, le pardon devrait y trouver une place importante, et sa promotion devenir une préoccupation qui mobilise les énergies des Africains.
L’Esprit Saint, maître de silence
Authors: Andreu Fr Benoît
Published: April 2015

L’Esprit-Saint, témoin silencieux de Jésus-Christ au plus intime du cœur de l’homme, est, pour tout chrétien, maître de silence. Son silence n’est ni mutisme, ni simple vacuité impersonnelle : il est espace où peut se donner, en une parfaite transparence, le commun amour du Père et du Fils ; espace encore où Dieu suscite une authentique liberté humaine. Cette liberté que crée l’Esprit en l’homme est charité où se composent le silence (comme accueil et transparence) et la parole (comme don gratuit et personnel).
Dieu : « sans lequel rien n’existerait »
Authors: Knauer Peter
Published: April 2015

Comment peut-on parler de Dieu si nous reconnaissons vraiment qu’il ne tombe pas sous nos concepts et est plus grand que tout ce que nous pouvons penser ? La réponse se trouve dans une ontologie relationnelle qui comprend le monde comme ce qui est “entièrement relatif à ... / en totale distinction de ...”. Ainsi Dieu se définit comme celui “sans lequel rien ne pourrait être”. Notre être créé “à partir du rien” signifie que notre être et notre être créé sont formellement identiques, et cela peut être prouvé. Si nous pouvions abolir notre être créé — nous ne le pouvons pas — rien de nous ne subsisterait. Mais alors — paradoxalement — le monde ne s’explique pas par Dieu, mais exclusivement par son être créé en ce sens relationnel.
Raconter l’Histoire avec des documents. Mise en intrigue de l’écrit dans le livre d’Esdras
Authors: Joseph Dominique
Published: April 2015

Au cœur de la poétique narrative des livres d’Esdras et de Néhémie, la production de documents disparates (listes, lettres, mémorandum, rapports, décrets, etc.) fait de la question des sources comme un argument. Cet article étudie les usages de l’écrit pour chacune de ses fonctions narratives (caractérisation, mise en scène, mise en abyme, jeu d’inférence, construction de la mémoire du lecteur) et tente de dévoiler une «intrigue de l’écrit» soutenant l’ensemble Esd-Ne . Il met ainsi en lumière la constitution de l’identité narrative du lecteur et les fondements du modèle prophétique d’écriture de la Bible.
Suivre le Christ avec Edith Stein
Authors: Binggeli Sophie
Published: April 2015

Edith Stein a parcouru «un long chemin, obscur, pierreux et dur» jusqu’à sa rencontre avec le Christ. Comme fille d’Israël, elle expérimente une parenté de sang intime avec le Christ et avec Marie. Sa vocation la place au pied de la Croix, mystère dont elle scrute et vit en sa chair les différentes harmoniques: le jour du Grand Pardon «figure du Vendredi Saint», le sacrifice du Christ centre de l’histoire du monde, la Croix signe de la kénose et de l’exaltation. L’eucharistie, la vie eucharistique, présentent une grande originalité — à la lumière de son anthropologie, de sa pensée sur la femme et sur Marie: telle une mère, le Christ nourrit de son corps et de son sang «comme une mère nourrit son enfant avec sa chair et son sang».
Archives dans les guerres, guerres des archives aux xx e et xxi e siècles
Authors: Cœuré Sophie
Published: April 2015

Si les incendies et les pillages d’archives s’inscrivent dans la longue durée des révolutions et des conflits, c’est au xix e et au xx e  siècle que les spoliations, les saisies de documents, mais aussi l’archivage immédiat documentant l’événement, se sont imposés comme enjeux forts des guerres internationales, coloniales ou intérieures. Cette réflexion suit deux fils rouges – l’appréhension des archives comme outils de pouvoir des États modernes, puis le rôle des archives dans les constructions identitaires – qui s’entrelacent dans un essai de typologie des formes de vulnérabilité des archives. Peut-on alors parler d’un paradigme qui serait mis à l’épreuve par l’entrée dans l’ère du « tout archivage » numérique ?
L’état et les archives
Authors: Duclert Vincent
Published: April 2015

La crise des archives dans les années 1990 a débouché dix ans plus tard sur des réponses a minima , réduites au seul volet des délais de communications des documents publics redéfinis par la loi de 2008 et à une réforme institutionnelle très limitée. Or les responsables politiques ne doivent pas hésiter à doter la France d’une législation sur les archives, ambitieuse, à la mesure des enjeux de démocratie des droits et des savoirs entourant cette sphère de l’activité publique, juridique et scientifique. Cet article se propose de rappeler la situation présente en matière de législation sur les archives et de fixer les éléments de réflexion justifiant d’un engagement national en faveur des archives.
Faut-il réviser le droit des archives ?
Authors: Cornu Marie
Published: April 2015

Les fondations du droit contemporain des archives sont posées par la loi du 3 janvier 1979, texte d’ensemble qui encadre le régime des archives tant publiques que privées tout au long de la chaîne patrimoniale, de la collecte à la mise à disposition des documents. Intégré au code du patrimoine en 2004, puis refondu en 2008, le dispositif pourrait encore évoluer. Pour en comprendre les nécessités, il faut revenir sur cette histoire législative.
Les archives : un marché ?
Authors: Even Pascal
Published: April 2015

Depuis quelques années, les archives connaissent une valorisation sensible ; tandis que les prix des manuscrits s’envolent et que les autographes deviennent objets de placement et valeurs spéculatives, les données électroniques des archives, dans le domaine généalogique notamment, font l’objet de la convoitise des sociétés commerciales de généalogie qui souhaitent les réutiliser. Les archives sont devenues ainsi enjeux de pouvoir et de mémoire, et trouvent dans l’économie de marché une place inattendue.