bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transforming the guest–host relationship: a convivial tourism approach
Authors: Lehto Xinran , Davari Dori , Park Soona
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study aims to provide a fresh perspective toward understanding the forces that exist in the guest-host dynamic and thereby contribute to the guest–host relationship literature.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines guest–host relationship via the philosophical lens of convivialism.

Findings

This study conceptualizes conviviality in the guest–host relationship. A convivial guest–host relationship is characterized by well-being mutuality and hospitality mutuality. Such a relation can be built when the guest and the host form a tri-party of coalitions, namely, economic, experience and hospitality. While an economic coalition represents the pragmatic value in a guest–host relationship, an experience coalition represents an experiential value in a guest–host relationship. A hospitality coalition then represents the spiritual alliance in such a relationship.

Practical implications

This paper suggests that tourism development should be guided by a conviviality vision. Health and well-being of both the visitors and the destination community should be a goal priority. This paper suggests that the starting point of experience planning is the residents, not the visitors. The critical role of hospitality in formulating market communication strategies is emphasized.

Social implications

This study contributes to the larger conversation of diversity and sustainability.

Originality/value

This study proposes a convivial tourism model – a form of tourism that is oriented toward mutuality of hospitality and well-being of both visitors and destination communities.
The impact of self-esteem, conscientiousness and pseudo-personality on technostress
Authors: Korzynski Pawel , Rook Caroline , Florent Treacy Elizabeth , Kets de Vries Manfred
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The authors investigated how personality traits are associated with workplace technostress (perception of stressors related to the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected 95 self-rated and 336 observer-rated questionnaires using the personality audit and a shortened version of the technostress scale. To analyze relationships between personality dimensions and technostress, the authors applied partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

This study shows that in line with previous studies, self-esteem is negatively related to levels of technostress. Contrary to our expectations, conscientiousness is positively related to technostress. Finally, the gap between a person's self-ratings and observer ratings in all personality dimensions is positively associated with technostress.

Practical implications

The authors showed that the experience of technostress varies significantly amongst individuals. By taking personality differences into account when allocating responsibilities and creating guidelines for ICT use at work, technostress could be addressed. Instead of setting organization-wide norms for availability and use, the authors suggest it would be more effective to acknowledge individual needs and preferences.

Originality/value

This study contributes to current technostress research by further examining antecedents and by focusing on the role of personality. In addition, the authors examined how differences in “self” and “observer” ratings of personality characteristics may point to variations in the way individuals experience technostress. The authors outlined concrete best practice guidelines for ICTs in organizations that take interindividual differences into account.
A decision paradox: benefit vs risk and trust vs distrust for online dating adoption vs non-adoption
Authors: Chen Qi , Yuan Yufei , Feng Yuqiang , Archer Norm
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Online dating services have been growing rapidly in recent years. However, adopting these services may involve high risk and trust issues among potential users toward both online dating services and the daters they introduce to users. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how perceived benefits vs risks, and trust vs distrust affect user adoption vs non-adoption intentions toward using this rather controversial information and communications technology in the context of online dating.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the research model using data from a survey of 451 single individuals.

Findings

The results indicated that perceived benefits play more essential roles in adoption, while perceived risks affect non-adoption more. Individuals' trust in online dating service predicts a major portion of the variation in user benefit perceptions, while distrust in online dating service and in daters that users might select significantly influence perceived risks. Moreover, benefit and risk perceptions can mediate the impacts of trust and distrust on both adoption and non-adoption decisions.

Originality/value

This study extends theories of decision-making in the use of controversial information technologies such as in the case of online dating. It investigates the coexistence of various trust and distrust beliefs as well as benefit and risk perceptions, and their different impacts on adoption and non-adoption in online dating services.
Psychological factors: self- and circumstances-caused fraud triggers
Authors: Nuswantara Dian Anita , Maulidi Ach
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to provide new understanding of fraudulent behaviour by offering different theoretical discussion on the fraud causation.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors interviewed 15 executive managers in one of Indonesia local governments, by using semi-structured questions.

Findings

The authors explored the dynamics of both self- and other-directed factors in the spread of fraudulent behaviours, by focusing on the public-sector fraud landscape in local government. As a basis of analysis, the authors applied the theory of planned behaviours. In this study, “a concept of fraud triangle” substantially provides little help in elucidating the causation of fraudulent behaviours in local government. The theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

Originality/value

This study offers new direction on broadening and deepening fraud literature and theories about the root causes of fraudulent behaviours.
Knowledge sabotage as an extreme form of counterproductive knowledge behavior: the role of narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and competitiveness
Authors: Serenko Alexander , Choo Chun Wei
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study empirically tests the impact of the Dark Triad personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy) and co-worker competitiveness on knowledge sabotage.

Design/methodology/approach

A model was constructed and tested by means of Partial Least Squares with data from 150 participants recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk.

Findings

The individual personality traits of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy are significant predictors of individual knowledge sabotage behavior, whereas co-worker Machiavellianism and psychopathy trigger co-worker knowledge sabotage. Out of the three Dark Triad traits, individual and co-worker psychopathy emerged as the strongest knowledge sabotage predictor. Co-worker competitiveness has a positive effect on co-workers’ knowledge sabotage behavior. There is a relatively strong relationship between co-worker and individual knowledge sabotage which suggests that knowledge sabotage is a form of contagious workplace behavior. Individuals underestimate their negative behavior and traits and/or overestimate those of their fellow co-workers.

Practical implications

Managers should realize that the Dark Triad personality traits could predispose certain individuals to engage in extremely harmful counterproductive knowledge behavior. They need to ensure that individuals with these traits are not hired or are identified during their probation periods. It is recommended that organizations include knowledge sabotage measures in their periodic employee surveys. Organizations should help their employees objectively re-evaluate their own traits and knowledge behavior as well as those of their colleagues to ensure that their reciprocating knowledge behavior is more aligned with the reality in their organization.

Originality/value

This study offers a reliable and valid quantitative survey instrument to measure the presence of knowledge sabotage.
Facilitation of “strong” branded application outcomes – the self-concept perspective
Authors: Tseng Timmy H.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

People spend more than 90% of their smartphone usage time on mobile applications (apps). Companies have capitalized on this opportunity to develop various types of branded apps. However, due to fierce competition in the app market, most branded apps have a low retention rate. Drawing on the theory of psychological ownership, this study aims to investigate drivers of what we call “strong” indicators of branded app outcomes or, namely, indicators of app engagement that reveal a higher level of consumer brand commitment.

Design/methodology/approach

Two studies were conducted using online and offline surveys. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used for data analysis.

Findings

The results of the two studies confirm the research hypothesis. When utility-related antecedents (perceived usefulness and ease of use) are controlled for, self-brand congruity and investment size facilitate psychological ownership towards a branded app, which, in turn, generates feedback intention and brand evangelism.

Originality/value

Unlike the utilitarian perspective on user engagement with branded apps, the current research contributes to the literature by proposing a self-concept perspective that can drive strong indicators of branded app marketing outcomes. Two strategies through which practitioners can facilitate these indicators and create a competitive advantage for their companies are proposed.
Religious freedom, civic responsibility and local history: an embedded action inquiry
Authors: Bickford John H. , Nolen Zarek O. , Cougill Andrew A.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This theory-into-practice article centers on American history through the optics of one religious organization's contestations – the Elim Springs Church of Jesus Christ, or Harshmanites as they are commonly known – with state and society. Secondary students explore the history and myriad responses from citizens and the federal government, which provides insight into what it means to be an American.

Design/methodology/approach

Embedded action inquiry (EAI) couples investigation with informed action. This whole-class exploration of 19th and 20th century American history transforms into individual, independent inquiries about related historical and current civil liberty contestations. Students communicate newly generated, fully substantiated understandings first to an academic audience and then to the community.

Findings

Teachers direct students' historical reading, thinking and writing toward informed civic participation. Engaging primary and secondary sources spark students' curiosity and scrutiny; writing prompts and scaffolding guide students' text-based articulations.

Originality/value

Harshmanite history, initiated by an iconic leader and maintained by the congregation into its 3rd century, illuminates the best and worst aspects of America. Secondary social studies students can examine emergent, local tensions when citizens' religious freedoms confront civic duty and societal responses. Through EAI, a novel adaptation of inquiry, students make meaning out of the local history and contribute to civic dialogue.
Conclusion: a direction for sustainability and research notions after 2030
Authors: Diamantis Dimitrios
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to summarize the main contributions and practical implications arising from the theme issue with reference to 22 case examples relating to sustainable hospitality and tourism industry development and one interview-based article drawing on practitioners with expertise is the practice of adaptive re-use.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews the contribution made by this theme issue to the question: How can sustainability and the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) be applied to hospitality?

Findings

Through this study, it has been observed that progress has been made by hospitality firms in relation to sustainability, but additional work is needed to address the more complex issues raised by the UN’s SDGs.

Originality/value

A key outcome of this theme issue is that the 22 case examples and the interview-based practitioner opinion presented in this paper demonstrate that sustainability is firmly on the development agenda, and that a sense of urgency and commitment to sustainability principles has gained ground and significance.
European Agriculture after Brexit: Does Anyone Benefit from the Divorce?
Authors: Choi Hyung Sik , Jansson Torbjörn , Matthews Alan , Mittenzwei Klaus
Published: August 2020

The UK exited the EU on 31 January 2020, with a transition period agreed as part of the Withdrawal Agreement. During this transition period the UK and the EU will decide on their future trading relationship. No matter what form this relationship takes, there will be disturbances to agri‐food markets. This study analyses four different scenarios with increasing barriers to trade, ranging from a very close relationship similar to the European Economic Area to a distant relationship in which the UK and EU trade on Most Favoured Nation terms, using the EU focused global agricultural sector model CAPRI. In the UK, food prices will increase in all scenarios, making consumers in the UK the biggest losers. Only in a free trade agreement scenario does the UK show an unambiguous positive net welfare gain in just the agri‐food sector. In the case of the European Economic Area scenario, which assumes continued access to the single market, the net welfare impact would depend on the size of the UK’s continued contribution to the EU. In the EU, declining food prices would benefit consumers but the sum of the loss in farmers’ incomes and the UK’s EU CAP contribution would be much greater than the consumer’s gain. These impacts in agricultural markets under different future trade arrangements will also be influenced by the UK’s agricultural policy changes in direct payments as well as by possible further UK trade liberalisation after the end of the transition period.
A State Census of Unsubmitted Sexual Assault Kits: Comparing Forensic DNA Testing Outcomes by Geographic and Population Density Characteristics*
Authors: Campbell Rebecca , Javorka McKenzie , Sharma Dhruv B. , Gregory Katie , Opsommer Matt , Schelling Kristin , Lu Lauren
Published: August 2020

A growing number of U.S. cities and states have large numbers of unsubmitted sexual assault kits (SAKs) in police property facilities. Prior research conducted in large urban cities has found that testing these kits yields a sizable number of DNA profiles that meet FBI eligibility for upload to the national criminal DNA database CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) and uploaded profiles return a substantial number of matches to existing criminal profiles in CODIS. It is unknown whether these findings are unique to large urban cities with high crime rates. The purpose of current study was to document forensic testing outcomes from a state census of previously unsubmitted SAKs, which included large urban–suburban centers, as well as smaller cities and rural counties. We inventoried all previously unsubmitted SAKs in Michigan (N = 3422 SAKs) and submitted all kits for forensic DNA testing. A total of n = 1239 SAKs had a DNA profile that met eligibility for upload into CODIS (36.2% unconditional, 56.5% conditional CODIS eligible rate) and n = 585 SAKs yielded a CODIS Hit (17.1% unconditional, 47.2% conditional CODIS hit rate). These rates are consistent with studies from urban areas suggesting approximately half of SAKs tested yield a CODIS profile and approximately half of those uploaded profiles yield a hit. We compared SAK forensic testing outcomes by geographic and population density characteristics, and although rates were often higher in larger metropolitan areas, the obtained rates in micropolitan and rural areas suggest testing is warranted in smaller jurisdictions as well.
Role of termites in the restoration of soils and plant richness on bowé in West Africa
Authors: Padonou Elie A. , Djagoun Chabi A. M. S. , Akakpo Alexis B. , Ahlinvi Simon , Lykke Anne M. , Schmidt Marco , Assogbadjo Achille , Sinsin Brice
Published: August 2020

Bowé (hardened ferricrete soils formed by erosion, drought or deforestation) are often associated with termite mounds, but little is known about these mounds and their role in the restoration of soils and plant biodiversity on bowé. This study examined termite mounds on bowé and their effects on soil depth and plant richness. Sixty‐four sampling plots were laid out randomly on bowé sites with mounds and on adjacent bowé sites without mounds. The height and circumference of each mound were measured. Species inventories were made and soil depth measured in each plot. Linear mixed effects and generalised mixed effects models with Poisson error distribution were used to assess the variation in soil depth and plant species richness in mound and nonmound microsites. Two types of mounds (small vs. large) associated with different termite species were observed on bowé, with the small mounds being most common. Plots with either large or small mounds had deeper soils and higher plant richness than the adjacent plots without mounds. Conservation of termite mounds is important for restoring soils and plant richness on bowé, and termite mounds should be taken into consideration in biodiversity and soil management strategies for bowé.
Breastfeeding following in vitro fertilisation in Switzerland—Does mode of conception affect breastfeeding behaviour?
Authors: Purtschert Livia Amanda , Mitter Vera Ruth , Zdanowicz Jarmila Anna , Minger Mirja Amadea , Spaeth Anna , von Wolff Michael , Kohl Schwartz Alexandra Sabrina
Published: August 2020

Aim

Breastfeeding has numerous advantages. Our aim was to investigate whether breastfeeding initiation and duration in women with pregnancies conceived through in vitro fertilisation differ from spontaneously conceived pregnancies.

Methods

This is a comparative cross‐sectional study about breastfeeding behaviour performed at the Bern University Hospital including mothers of singletons conceived by in vitro fertilisation (n = 198) with or without gonadotropin stimulation between 2010 and 2016 (in vitro fertilisation group). They were compared to a population‐based control group (n = 1421) of a randomly selected sample of mothers in Switzerland who delivered in 2014.

Results

A total of 1619 women were included in this analysis. Breastfeeding initiation rates were high, similar between the in vitro fertilisation group (93.4%) and the control group (94.8%). No increased risk of stopping breastfeeding earlier after in vitro fertilisation treatment compared to the control group could be found over the observational period of 12 months (HR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.83‐1.20, P = .984). There was no difference in breastfeeding initiation or duration after gonadotropin‐stimulated vs unstimulated in vitro fertilisation.

Conclusion

In Switzerland, in vitro fertilisation treatments were not associated with earlier breastfeeding cessation. This result is reassuring for mothers undergoing in vitro fertilisation.
Belief in COVID‐19 Conspiracy Theories Reduces Social Distancing over Time
Authors: Bierwiaczonek Kinga , Kunst Jonas R. , Pich Olivia
Published: August 2020

Background

Conspiracy theories about the origins of COVID‐19 are widespread and have even been propagated by highly ranked state officials and politicians in the US. Health authorities have cautioned that such theories, although not questioning the existence of the pandemic, may increase the spread of the virus by reducing people's efforts to socially distance.

Methods

We test this proposition empirically using longitudinal survey data collected at five timepoints during the early outbreak of the virus in the US (N = 403).

Results

Multivariate growth curve analyses showed that, although conspiracy beliefs decreased and social distancing increased over time, people holding more conspiracy beliefs at the beginning of the pandemic showed the lowest increase in social distancing. Moreover, cross‐lagged analyses demonstrated that people who reported more conspiracy beliefs at any wave tended to report less social distancing at the following wave.

Conclusions

Our findings show that COVID‐19 conspiracy theories pose a significant threat to public health as they may reduce adherence to social distancing measures.
The effect of calcitriol and all‐trans retinoic acid on T‐bet, IFN‐γ, GATA3 and IL‐4 genes expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Parastouei Karim , Solaymani‐Mohammadi Farid , Shiri‐Shahsavar Mohammad Reza , Chahardoli Reza , Nasl‐Khameneh Ateke Mousavi , Zarandi Mehdi Borhani , Ghotloo Somayeh , Saboor‐Yaraghi Ali Akbar
Published: August 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune‐mediated inflammatory disease which affects the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study, the in vivo effects of ATRA, calcitriol, and their combinations on the expression of murine CD4+ T cell cytokines and their specific transcription factors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)‐induced mice were explored. Thirty‐two EAE induced inbred C57BL/6 female mice with an age ranged from 8 to 10 weeks were divided into four categories in a random manner. The first, second, and third groups received ATRA, calcitriol, ATRA+ calcitriol, respectively, and the fourth group received vehicle. The treatment started on the day prior to immunization and through the IP injections every other days for 21 days. The dosages of administration for calcitriol, ATRA, and calcitriol+ ATRA were 100 ng, 250 μg, and 50ng + 125 μg, respectively per mouse. An equal volume of excipient was administered for the vehicle group. T‐bet, IFN‐γ, GATA‐3, and IL‐4 genes expression were assessed in the splenocytes of EAE ‐induced mice. The expression of T‐bet and IFN‐γ genes in the splenocytes of ATRA, calcitriol and combination‐ treated mice were significantly reduced compared to vehicle group (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in T‐bet expression was observed in the combination‐treated group compared to the ATRA‐treated group (p < 0.05). The expression of GATA3 and IL‐4 genes was significantly increased in the ATRA‐, calcitriol‐, and combination‐treated mice when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the effect of calcitriol alone and in combination with ATRA was more considerable than that of ATRA alone. The nutraceutical approaches may be promising in the prevention and/or treatment of MS.
Protein phase separation: A novel therapy for cancer?
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Yingqian , Xu Aixiao , Cai Minyi , Cao Ji , Zhu Hong , Yang Bo , Shao Xuejing , Ying Meidan , He Qiaojun
Published: August 2020

In recent years, phase separation has been increasingly reported to play a pivotal role in a wide range of biological processes. Due to the close relationships between cancer and disorders in intracellular physiological function, the identification of new mechanisms involved in intracellular regulation has been regarded as a new direction for cancer therapy. Introducing the concept of phase separation into complex descriptions of disease mechanisms may provide many different insights. Here, we review the recent findings on the phase separation of cancer‐related proteins, describing the possible relationships between phase separation and key proteins associated with cancer and indicate possible regulatory modalities, especially drug candidates for phase separation, which may provide more effective strategies for cancer therapy.
Complement activation in polycystic ovary syndrome occurs in the postprandial and fasted state and is influenced by obesity and insulin sensitivity
Authors: Lewis Ruth D. , Narayanaswamy Anil K. , Farewell Daniel , Rees Dafydd Aled
Published: August 2020

Objective

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with metabolic risk. Complement proteins regulate inflammation and lipid clearance but their role in PCOS‐associated metabolic risk is unclear. We sought to establish whether the complement system is activated in PCOS in the fasting and postprandial state.

Design

Case‐control study.

Patients

Fasting complement levels were measured in 84 women with PCOS and 95 healthy controls. Complement activation post‐oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) was compared in 40 additional subjects (20 PCOS, 20 controls).

Measurements

Activation pathway (C3, C4, C3a(desArg), factor B, factor H, properdin, Factor D) and terminal pathway (C5, C5a, terminal complement complex [TCC]) proteins were measured by commercial or in‐house assays.

Results

Fasting C3, C3a(desArg) and TCC concentrations were increased in insulin‐resistant (adjusted differences: C3 0.13 g/L [95%CI 0‐0.25]; C3a(desArg) 319.2 ng/mL [19.5‐619]; TCC 0.66 μg/mL [0.04‐1.28]) but not in insulin‐sensitive women with PCOS. C3 and factor H levels increased with obesity. Post‐OFTT, C3 and C4 levels increased to a similar extent in PCOS subjects and controls, whist factor H levels increased more in women with PCOS compared to controls (adjusted differences (area under the curve): 12 167 μg min/mL [4942‐19 392]), particularly in the presence of concomitant obesity.

Conclusions

Activation and terminal complement pathway components are elevated in patients with PCOS, especially in the presence of insulin resistance and obesity.
Neural stem cells derived from the developing forebrain of YAC128 mice exhibit pathological features of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Li Endan , Park Hee Ra , Hong Chang Pyo , Kim Younghoon , Choi Jiwoo , Lee Suji , Park Hyun Jung , Lee Bomi , Kim Tae Aug , Kim Seong Jin , Kim Hyun Sook , Song Jihwan
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease caused by polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Mutant huntingtin (mHTT) is the main cause of HD and is associated with impaired mitochondrial dynamics, ubiquitin‐proteasome system and autophagy, as well as tauopathy. In this study, we aimed to establish a new neural stem cell line for HD studies.

Materials and methods

YAC128 mice are a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)‐based transgenic mouse model of HD. These mice express a full‐length human mutant HTT gene with 128 CAG repeats and exhibit various pathophysiological features of HD. In this study, we isolated a new neural stem cell line from the forebrains of YAC128 mouse embryos (E12.5) and analysed its characteristics using cellular and biochemical methods.

Results

Compared to wild‐type (WT) NSCs, the YAC128 NSC line exhibited greater proliferation and migration capacity. In addition to mHTT expression, increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and dysfunctional mitochondrial membrane potential were observed in the YAC128 NSCs. YAC128 NSCs had defects in mitochondrial dynamics, including a deficit in mitochondrial axonal transport and unbalanced fusion and fission processes. YAC128 NSCs also displayed decreased voltage response variability and Na+ current amplitude. Additionally, the ubiquitin‐proteasome and autophagy systems were impaired in the YAC128 NSCs.

Conclusions

We have established a new neural stem line from YAC128 transgenic mice, which may serve as a useful resource for studying HD pathogenesis and drug screening.
Angiosarcomatous transdifferentiation of metastatic melanoma
Authors: Kilsdonk Melvin J. , Romeijn Tonnis R. , Kelder Wendy , van Kempen Léon C. , Diercks Gilles F.
Published: August 2020

Melanoma is known to show considerable variation in its histopathological presentation. In exceptional cases, heterologous or divergent differentiation (metaplastic melanoma) can be observed. We report a case of a 69‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with nodular melanoma on the right upper leg. One year later, the patient presented with an inguinal lymph node metastasis and a lymph node dissection was carried out. In two out of five positive lymph nodes, an angiosarcomatous component was found next to a conventional melanoma component. Shortly after, the patient developed two in‐transit metastases in which again an angiosarcomatous component was seen. The vascular component stained positive for ERG and CD31 and negative for melanocytic markers (Mart‐1, S100, SOX‐10), while the conventional melanoma had an opposite staining pattern. Molecular analysis on both components showed an identical mutation in the NRAS gene, which in our opinion proves the divergent differentiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing angiosarcomatous transdifferentiation of melanoma.
Cerebrospinal fluid cytology in a young adult with seizures
Authors: Jain Aleena , Gupta Parikshaa , Prakash Gaurav , Kumari Savita , Srinivasan Radhika
Published: August 2020

Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is rare, most being primary CNS ALCL with only occasional reports of CNS involvement in systemic ALCL. Establishing a diagnosis of CNS infiltration by systemic ALCL is difficult but carries immense prognostic significance. This report presents a such a case, diagnosed on CSF cytology complemented by CSF flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry on the cyto‐spots.
WEGE: A new metric for ranking locations for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Farooq Harith , Azevedo Josué , Belluardo Francesco , Nanvonamuquitxo Cristóvão , Bennett Dominic , Moat Justin , Soares Amadeu , Faurby Søren , Antonelli Alexandre
Published: August 2020

Aim

Effective policymaking for biological conservation requires the identification and ranking of the most important areas for protection or management. One of the most frequently used systems for selecting priority areas is the Key Biodiversity Areas (hereafter KBAs), developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, KBAs cannot be used to rank areas, potentially limiting their use when limited funding is available. To tackle this shortcoming and facilitate spatial prioritization, here we develop and validate the “WEGE index” (Weighted Endemism including Global Endangerment index), consisting of an adaptation of the EDGE score (Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered). WEGE allows the ranking of any set of locations according to the KBA guidelines and on a continuous scale.

Location

Global.

Methods

We calculated the EDGE score, Weighted Endemism, Evolutionary distinctiveness, Extinction risk and our newly developed WEGE index for all terrestrial species of amphibians, mammals and birds accessed by IUCN. We then compared the performance of each of those five indices at prioritizing areas according to the KBA guidelines.

Results

We found that for all taxa surveyed, WEGE was consistently better at identifying areas that trigger KBA status.

Main conclusions

In our analyses, WEGE outperformed all other methods and metrics designed for similar purposes. It can serve as a robust evidence‐based methodology to prioritize among otherwise equally qualified sites according to the KBA categories. WEGE can therefore support transparent, evidence‐based and biologically meaningful decision‐making for conservation priorities.
Shifts in aquatic insect composition in a tropical forest stream after three decades of climatic warming
Authors: Dudgeon David , Ng Lily C. Y. , Tsang Toby P. N.
Published: August 2020

The effects of climatic warming on tropical streams have received little attention, and field studies of such changes are generally lacking. Drifting insects from a Hong Kong forest stream were sampled for 36 months between 2013 and 2016, and compared with samples collected using identical methods in 1983–84. Mean air temperatures rose by ~0.5°C (0.17°C per decade) over this period. The stream drained an uninhabited protected area, so no climate‐change effects were confounded by anthropogenic disturbance. In total, 105 taxa and >77,000 individuals were collected. Richness of samples in the historic and contemporary datasets did not differ, but true diversity of drifting insects was highest in 1983–84, and declined between 2013–14 and 2015–16. There was considerable disparity in assemblage composition between 1983–84 and 2013–16, and smaller between‐year changes in the contemporary dataset. Nine indicator species of the historic dataset were identified. Most were mayflies, particularly Baetidae, which were greatly reduced in relative abundance in 2013–16. Diptera became more numerous, and tanypodine chironomids were the sole contemporary indicator taxon. Relative abundance of eight of 19 drifting species (comprising 60% of total insects) was lower in 2013–16, when the dominant baetid mayfly during 1983–84 had declined by almost 90%; only one of the 19 species occurred at higher abundance. Eight species were affected by seasonal temperature variability, but these responses were not correlated with any tendency to exhibit long‐term changes in abundance. Substantial shifts in composition, including declines in mayfly relative abundance and assemblage diversity, occurred after three decades of warming, despite the broad annual range of stream temperatures (~16°C) in Hong Kong. This contradicts the well‐known prediction that organisms from variable climates have evolved wider thermal tolerances that reflect prevailing environmental conditions. The observed compositional reorganization indicates that variability, rather than stability, may be typical of undisturbed tropical stream communities.
Cdk1 negatively regulates the spindle localization of Prc1 in mouse oocytes
Authors: Nishiyama Sui , Yoshida Shuhei , Kitajima Tomoya S.
Published: August 2020

Chromosome segregation requires the formation of a bipolar spindle. The timely bipolarization of the acentrosomal spindle during meiosis I in mouse oocytes depends on the antiparallel microtubule crosslinker Prc1. How Prc1 is regulated in oocytes remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that the kinase Cdk1 negatively regulates the spindle localization of Prc1 in mouse oocytes. The acute inhibition of Cdk1 activity led to excessive localization of Prc1 at the spindle and kinetochores, whereas the overactivation of Cdk1 had opposite effects. The overexpression of Prc1 carrying mutations at Cdk1‐mediated phosphorylation sites increased its localization to the spindle, accelerated spindle bipolarization and caused spindle‐checkpoint‐dependent arrest at metaphase I. Overactivation of Cdk1 delayed spindle bipolarization, which was reversed by the overexpression of a phospho‐mutant form but not the wild‐type form of Prc1. These results suggest that Cdk1‐mediated phosphorylation negatively regulates Prc1 localization to ensure the timely bipolarization of the acentrosomal spindle during meiosis I in mammalian oocytes.
A comparative study of topical 5% cysteamine versus 4% hydroquinone in the treatment of facial melasma in women
Authors: Lima Paula Basso , Dias Joana Alexandria Ferreira , Cassiano Daniel , Esposito Ana Cláudia Cavalcante , Bagatin Ediléia , Miot Luciane Donida Bartoli , Miot Hélio Amante
Published: August 2020

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of topical 5% cysteamine versus 4% hydroquinone in the treatment of facial melasma in women. Topical 5% cysteamine is an antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of melasma. However, to date, no study has compared the performance of topical cysteamine to hydroquinone for facial melasma.

Methods

A quasi‐randomized, multicenter, evaluator‐blinded clinical trial was conducted on 40 women with facial melasma who were submitted to the nightly application of 5% cysteamine (CYS) or 4% hydroquinone (HQ) on hyperpigmented areas for 120 days. Both groups were required to use tinted sunscreen (SPF 50; PPD 19). Subjects were assessed at the inclusion and after 60 and 120 days of treatment for mMASI, MELASQoL, and the difference in colorimetric luminosity between melasma and the adjacent unaffected skin. The Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale was used to assess the difference in the appearance of the skin through standardized photographs.

Results

The mean reduction of the mMASI scores was 24% for CYS and 41% for HQ (P = 0.015) at 60 days, and 38% for CYS and 53% for HQ (P = 0.017) at 120 days. The photographic evaluation revealed up to 74% improvement for both groups, without statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.087). The MELASQoL score showed a progressive decrease for both groups over time, despite the greater reduction for HQ after 120 days (P = 0.018). Colorimetric assessment disclosed progressive depigmenting in both groups, without statistically significant difference between them (P > 0.160). No severe adverse effects were identified in either group. Erythema and burning were the most important local adverse effects with cysteamine, although their frequency did not differ between groups (P > 0.170).

Conclusion

Cysteamine proved to be safe, well‐tolerated, and effective, despite its inferior performance to hydroquinone in decreasing mMASI and MELASQoL in the treatment of melasma.
Structure–property relationship amphoteric oxide systems via phase stability and ionic structural analysis
Authors: Choi Joon Sung , Park Tae Jun , Min Dong Joon
Published: August 2020

The effects of basicity and amphoteric oxides (Al2O3 and FetO) on the structure–property relationships of CaO–SiO2–(Al2O3 and FetO) and CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–FetO slags were investigated to determine the constitutional effects on the structure of high‐temperature ionic melts. The proportion of Qn species, which is determined by Raman spectroscopy, and the viscosity measured by the rotating cylinder method are both correlated and shown together with the slag structure index (NBO/T) concept. The NBO/T of CaO‐SiO2 binary slags showed a linear relationship with basicity (CaO/SiO2), including an inflection point at CaO/SiO2 = 1.0 resulting from the stability and Qn‐dominant unit of the melt, which changes close to the wollastonite (CaSiO3) congruent point. This inflection point changes with the increasing amphoteric oxide content (Al2O3 and FetO) because of the change in the dominant polymeric unit (Si4+–O–Si4+→M4+–O–Si4+; M: Al and Fe), in accordance with the equilibrated primary phases. As the Al2O3 content increased, the viscosity and activation energy of slags both drastically increased owing to the change in the flow unit (Si–O–Si, Al–O–Si, and Al–O–Al). In contrast, as FetO increased, the viscosity and activation energy (Eη) of slags decreased because of the change in the flow unit (Si–O–Si, Fe–O–Si, and Fe–O–Fe). Ultimately, the flow unit (T–O–T; T = Si, Al, and Fe) and activation energy of the slags were found to be closely related to the solid primary phase on the phase diagram, and the physical‐property–structure relationship was determined from the phase stability.
Grain size engineered high‐performance nanograined BaTiO3‐based ceramics: Experimental and numerical prediction
Authors: Zhu Chaoqiong , Cai Ziming , Guo Limin , Li Longtu , Wang Xiaohui
Published: August 2020

The ultra‐thin multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) with layer thickness less than 1 μm or even 0.5 μm are in urgent demand due to the rapid development of modern electronic industries. Notably, the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of nanograined BaTiO3‐based ceramics, which are widely used as dielectric materials in MLCCs, are highly related to grain size. In this work, nanograined BaTiO3‐based ceramics with various grain sizes (50‐100 nm) were prepared via the chemical coating method. The grain size effect on the dielectric and energy storage properties were systematically investigated. TEM and EDS images demonstrate that the typical core‐shell structure is obtained inside ceramic grains even if the grain size is reduced to 50 nm. The fine‐grain ceramic displays a lower maximal polarization but a higher breakdown strength, which ascribes to its weaker ferroelectric contribution and higher grain boundary ratio, respectively. As a result, it is confirmed that there exists an optimal grain size around 70 nm where maximum discharge energy density is achieved under the synergy effect of breakdown strength and polarization, which is also verified by a finite element analysis based on a modified hyperbolic tangent model. All these features provide important guidance towards the design of ultra‐thin layer MLCCs by optimizing the dielectric properties and energy storage performance while pursuing miniaturization.
Hydrophobic coagulation of alumina slurries
Authors: Chen Han , Shimai Shunzo , Zhao Jin , Mao Xiaojian , Zhang Jian , Wang Zhengjuan , Yang Jian , Zhou Guohong , Wang Shiwei
Published: August 2020

This study reports a new wet forming method by hydrophobic modification of short‐chain anionic dispersants. The influence of the content and type of hydrophobic chains on the rheology of alumina slurries, the drying shrinkage rates of wet bodies, the density and strength of the green bodies, and the density and microstructure of the resultant ceramics were intensively investigated. It is revealed that hydrophobic modification can endow short‐chain dispersants with coagulation ability, when 0.3 wt% short‐chain PIBM (a copolymer of isobutylene and maleic anhydride) was combined with 0.1 wt% TMAC (tetramethylammonium chloride), solid loading of the slurry was increased to 58 vol% and the slurry can coagulate to a wet green body in a short time. The resultant green body showed a uniform microstructure and was successfully sintered into translucent ceramics.
A systematic review exploring palliative care for families who are forced migrants
Authors: Clancy Marie , Taylor Julie , Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Phillimore Jenny
Published: August 2020

Aims

To explore the palliative care experiences of forced migrant children, families, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) highlighting successes, challenges, and associated practice implications.

Design

Systematic literature review.

Data Sources

The following search engines were searched from 2008 ‐ 2018: Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, MEDLINE, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, Psycinfo, and Web of Science. Extensive reference and citation checking were also conducted.

Review Methods

Systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines with prepared PROSPERO registered protocol #CRD42019129200. English language qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods studies were eligible for inclusion. Study quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).

Results

Eighteen studies (reported in 20 articles) met the final inclusion criteria. Most focused on challenges to care provision. Thematic analysis following methods proposed by Braun and Clarke was undertaken. Five themes were identified: (a) divergence of beliefs and expectations; (b) communication; (c) navigating healthcare systems; (d) burdens and coping strategies; and (e) training and knowledge. A compassionate, collaborative approach with mutual respect crossed themes and was linked to high‐quality care.

Conclusion

Forced migrant families have multiple needs including physical and emotional support and help in navigating complex systems. Professional interpreters can ease communication barriers when resourced appropriately. Individualized care is crucial to addressing the intricate mosaic of culture such families present. A cultural sensitivity/insensitivity framework is presented that may help guide future interactions and priorities for those working in children's palliative care.

Impact

This systematic review explored the international experiences of palliative care for forced migrant families. The findings highlight the plight of families who experience multiple traumas and increased levels of grief and loss through their migration experiences and when caring for a child with a life‐limiting condition. This research has potential to have an impact on professionals working with culturally diverse families in all palliative care settings.
Somatic mutations in colorectal cancer are associated with the epigenetic modifications
Authors: Lei Hongwei , Tao Kaixiong
Published: August 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) mostly arises from progressive accumulation of somatic mutations within cells. Most commonly mutated genes like TP53, APC and KRAS can promote survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Although the molecular alterations and landscape of some specific mutations in CRC are well known, the presence of a somatic mutation signature related to genomic regions and epigenetic markers remain unclear. To find the signatures from a random distribution of somatic mutations in CRCs, we carried out enrichment analysis in different genomic regions and identified peaks of epigenetic markers. We validated that the mutation frequency in miRNA is dramatically higher than in flanking genomic regions. Moreover, we observed that somatic mutations in CRC and colon cancer cell lines are significantly enriched in CTCF binding sites. We also found these mutations are enriched for H3K27me3 in both normal sigmoid colon and colon cancer cell lines. Taken together, our findings suggest that there are some common somatic mutations signatures which provide new directions to study CRC.
Neighborhood‐Level Social Disadvantage and Risk of Delirium Following Major Surgery
Authors: Arias Franchesca , Chen Fan , Fong Tamara G. , Shiff Haley , Alegria Margarita , Marcantonio Edward R. , Gou Yun , Jones Richard N. , Travison Thomas G. , Schmitt Eva M. , Kind Amy J.H. , Inouye Sharon K.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Delirium is a common postoperative complication associated with prolonged length of stay, hospital readmission, and premature mortality. We explored the association between neighborhood‐level characteristics and delirium incidence and severity, and compared neighborhood‐ with individual‐level indicators of socioeconomic status in predicting delirium incidence.

DESIGN

A prospective observational cohort of patients enrolled between June 18, 2010, and August 8, 2013. Baseline interviews were conducted before surgery, and delirium/delirium severity was evaluated daily during hospitalization. Research staff evaluating delirium were blinded to baseline cognitive status.

SETTING

Two academic medical centers in Boston, MA.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 560 older adults, aged 70 years or older, undergoing major noncardiac surgery.

INTERVENTION

The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was used to characterize each neighborhood's socioeconomic disadvantage.

MEASUREMENTS

Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) long form. Delirium severity was calculated using the highest value of CAM Severity score (CAM‐S) occurring during daily hospital assessments (CAM‐S Peak).

RESULTS

Residing in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods (ADI > 44) was associated with a higher risk of incident delirium (12/26; 46%), compared with the least disadvantaged neighborhoods (122/534; 23%) (risk ratio (RR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 2.0 (1.3–3.1). The CAM‐S Peak score was significantly associated with ADI (Spearman rank correlation, ρ = 0.11; P = .009). Mean CAM‐S Peak scores generally rose from 3.7 to 5.3 across levels of increasing neighborhood disadvantage. The RR (95% CI) values associated with individual‐level markers of socioeconomic status and cultural background were: 1.2 (0.9–1.7) for education of 12 years or less; 1.3 (0.8–2.1) for non‐White race; and 1.7 (1.1–2.6) for annual household income of less than $20,000. None of these individual‐level markers exceeded the ADI in terms of effect size or significance for prediction of delirium risk.

CONCLUSIONS

Neighborhood‐level makers of social disadvantage are associated with delirium incidence and severity, and demonstrated an exposure‐response relationship. Future studies should consider contextual‐level metrics, such as the ADI, as risk markers of social disadvantage that can help to guide delirium treatment and prevention.