bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Head circumference and anterior fontanel measurements in newborns
Authors: Tiansyah Rizal Agus , Mangunatmadja Irawan , Pulungan Aman
Published: August 2016

Background Head growth and anterior fontanel (AP) closureare passive processes in response to brain growth. The growthof the brain and skull starts in the third week of intrauterinegestation. roth processes run simultaneously as a part of integralgrowth, along 'With increasing gestational age, until post􀀿birth.Measurement of head circumference (He) and AF in newbornsis done to determine if the brain and skull grew normally duringthe intrauterine period.Objectives To investigate the differences in He and AF sizebetween preterm and full􀀿term infants, and the relationshipbetween gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) to Heand AF size.Methods This was a descriptive analytic study on preterm andfull􀀿term newborns. Measurement of HC and AF was conductedin three phases: just after birth, 1x24 and 2x24 hours of age.Analysis of HC and AF size differences between preterm and fullterm subjects was performed, as well as analysis of the correlationbetween GA and BW to HC and AF size.Results Two hundred fifty newborns completed the study. Therewere 180 full􀀿term and 70 preterm subjects. Median HC in full􀀿term and preterm male subjects were 34 cm (range 31􀀿37 cm)and 31 cm (27􀀿34 cm), respectively. Median HC in full􀀿termand preterm female subjects were 33 cm (31􀀿36 cm) and 32 cm(27􀀿3S.S cm), respectively. Median AF in full􀀿term and pretermmale subjects were 2.17 cm (1.0SA.6 cm) and 2.22 cm (1.3SA.Scm), respectively, and in full􀀿term and preterm female subjectswere 2.02 cm (lA.1S cm) and 2.22 cm (0.7SA cm), respectively.The HC of preterms were significantly lower than the fullterms(P<O.OOl), however the AF size was not different between these2 groups of newborns (P =0 .28). Correlation test between GA andBW to HC size revealed a positive correlation (r=0.620, P<O.OO 1and r=0.801, P<O.OOl, respectively), but not to AF size (r=􀀿 0.06,p􀁀 0.279 and F- 0.049, P􀁀0.44, respectively).Concl usions We found that the HC size of pre terms wassignificantly lower than thefullterms, but no significant differences in AF size between the two groups. GA and BW were associatedwith HC size, but not associated to AF size. [paediatr lndones.2012;52:145-51].
UCP3 gene polymorphism and insulin resistance in obese female adolescents
Authors: Eurike Dian , Muhammad Harry Freitag Luglio , Susilowati Rina , Julia Madarina
Published: August 2016

Background A previous study on obese female adolescents inYogyakarta done in the year 2007 suggests that genetic factorsmight influence insulin resistance. One genetic factor that hasbeen associated \\lith insulin resistance in other populations isthe 􀁐55C;T polymorphism in the uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3)gene.Objective To investigate an association between the 􀁐55C;Tpolymorphism in the UCP3 gene and insulin resistance in obesefemale adolescents in Yogyakarta.Methods A total of79 obese female adolescents were enrolled inthis cross􀁐sectional study. Genotyping of the 􀁐 5 SC/T polymorphismin the UCP3 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction􀁐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR􀁐RFLP).Results The TiT homozygous individuals had a higher risk ofinsulin resistance (OR 2.3; 95% CI 0.4 to 14.1), as well as higherfasting insulin concentration and homeostatic model assessmentfor insulin resistance (HOMA􀁐IR) compared to individuals v.ithother genotypes. The T allele carriers also had a higher risk ofinsulin resistance (OR 1.3; 95% CI 0.7 to 2.5), as well as higherfasting insulin concentration and HOMA􀁐 IR compared to Callele carriers. However, none of these results were statisticallysignificant (P > 0.05).Conclusion The TiT genotype and T allele of the UCP3 gene􀁐55CiT polymorphism was not significantly associated increasedrisk of insulin resistance in obese female adolescents in Yogyakarta.[Paediatr lndanes. 2012;52:152-6].
Aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index and body mass index in children with fatty liver
Authors: Kusumawati Ninung , Mexitalia Maria , Romadhona Suci
Published: August 2016

Background Obesity in children is becoming a global epidemic.Non􀀷alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalentand potentially serious complication of childhood obesity. Theearly identification of fibrosis is important in children v.ith NAFLDin order to prevent the development of liver disease in adulthood.One non􀀷invasive procedure to predict liver fibrosis is the aspartateaminotransferase (AST)􀀷platelet ratio index (APRI).Objective The purpose of our study was to assess a correlationbetween APRI and body mass index (BMI) in obese childrenwith fatty liver.Methods A cross􀀷sectional study was conducted from August toSeptember 2007. Subjects were obese children from one juniorhigh school in Semarang. Complete blood count, transaminaseenzyme measurement, and abdominal ultrasound (USG) wereperformed on each subject. Only subjects with bright liver onUSG underwent APRI analysis. Spearman's correlation was usedfor statistical analysis.Results Of 3 7 obese children, 19 children had bright liver on USG.Their mean APRI was 0.16 (SD 0.119). Only one obese subject(1137) with bright liver had an APRI > 0.5. APRI was significantlycorrelated to alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels (r = 0.62),but not significantly correlated to weight and BMI.Conclusion There was no correlation between APRI and BMI.Only lout of 37 obese children with fatty liver had APRI levelsindicating the presence of liver fibrosis. [Paediatr Indones.2012;52:181-4].
Impact of wealth inequality on child nutrition in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmmed Mortuza
Published: August 2016

Background The prevalence of malnutrition in Bangladesh isamong the highest in the world. Millions of women and childrensuffer from one or more forms of main utrition, including low birthweight, wasting, stunting, underweight, vitamin A deficiency,iodine deficiency disorders, and anemia. Today malnutritionnot only affects individuals, but its effects are passed from onegeneration to the next as malnourished mothers give birth toinfants wh o struggle to develop and thrive.Objective To assess the economic impact on child nutrition inBangladesh.Methods The 2011 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey datawas used for this study. In this study, quintiles were calculatedbased on asset and wealth scores by use of principal componentanalysis. To understand the nutritional status and healthinequality, concentration index was also calculated.Results The negative concentration index showed a higher rateof malnutrition in the children less than five years of age from thepoorest class. Furthermore, the ratio of poorest to richest indicatedthat stunting and underweight conditions in rural children underfive years of age were almost two times higher than that of therichest children. This inequality in the health situation of childrenmay be explained in terms of income inequality. In Bangladesh,about 40% of the wealth is concentrated in 10% of the families.The results are discussed as possible input for public policy.Conclusion Bangladeshi children under the age of five yearsand in the poorest economic class are nearly twice as likely to beunderweight or stunted compared to children of similar age in therichest economic class
Urine dipstick test for diagnosing urinary tract infection
Authors: Julinawati Syarifah , Rina Oke , Rosmayanti Rosmayanti , Ramayati Rafita , Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Published: August 2016

Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common diseasein children. Approximately 3-5% of girls and 1 % of boys developa UTI. In children, prompt treatment is essential because UTImay be a risk factor for developing renal insufficiency or end stagerenal disease. Howevet; prompt treatment depends on having arapid diagnosis. Urine dipstick testis a useful and commonly usedbecause it is low cost and gives rapid results, compared to urinecultures for diagnosing UTis. However, the diagnostic accuracyof the urine dipstick test is debatable.Objective To compare urine dipstick test (leukocyte esterase,nitrite, and combined leukocyte es terase and nitrite) to urineculture for diagnosing UTis.Methods A diagnostic study was held in H. Adam Malik Hospitalfrom May to June 2010. There were 70 children aged 2 to 14years and recruited by consecutive sampling. Two midstreamurine specimens were collected from subjects after cleaning theexternal urethral orifice. The first specimen was used for urinedipstick testing for leukocyte esterase and nitrite. The secondurine specimen was cultured in the laboratory. Urinalysis forleukocyte esterase and nitrite studies were performed with freshand uncentrifuged urine. Leukocyte esteras e and nitrite causeda change in dipstick color apparent within 2 minutes. Urinalyseswere considered to be positive for UTI if either leukocyte esteraseor nitrite were positive. The results of urine culture were used asthe golden standard.Results The sensitivities of leukocyte esterase and nitratetests were 90 .5% and 73.8%, respectively. However, thesensitivity for combined leukocyte esterase and nitrite testwas 96.4%. Nitrite test was more specific (60.7%) than theleukocyte esterase test (39.3%). The specificity of both teststaken together was 64.3% . For leukocyte esterase alone, nitratealone, and the two combined the positive predictive values(PPV) were 69.1 %, 73.8%, and 64.3.%, respectively, and thenegative predictive values (NPV) were 73.3%, 60.7%, and96.4%, respectively.Conclusion Urine dipstick test for leukocyte esterase and nitritecombined may be a good alternative diagnostic test for UTis inchildren than leukocyte esterase or nitrite by themselves in areaswith limited resources.
Comparison of gelatin and HES 130/0.4 solution for fluid resuscitation in children with dengue shock syndrome
Authors: Mawardi Merry , Rampengan Tony , Manoppo Jeanette , Rampengan Novie Homenta
Published: August 2016

Background Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is characterizedby severe vascular leakage and hemostasis disorder, which causesdeath in 1-5% of cases. World Health Organization managementguidelines for fluid resuscitation in DSS remain empirical, ratherthan evidence-based.Objective To as sess the efficacy of ge latin compared tohydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 solution for fluid resuscitationin children with DSS.Methods We performed a multi-centered, randomized study tocompare gelatin and HES 130/0.4 solution for resuscitation ofchildren with DSS. We randomly assigned 25 children with DSSto receive gelatin fluid and 25 children to receive HES 130/0.4.Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square and MannWhitneytests.Results More rapid increase in pulse pressure was noted insubjects treated with HES 130/0.4 compared to those treatedwith gelatin at 8 hours and 28 hours of therapy (P=0.037 andP=0.048). The decrease in hematocrit in subjects treated withHES 130/0.4 was faster than that of gelatin at 4 hours of therapy(P=0.001). One patient died due to an unusual manifestation ofDSS. Respiratory rate decreased faster in subjects treated withHES 130/0.4 than those treated with gelatin at 4 hours and 8hours of therapy (P< 0.05). Body temperature remained higherin subjects treated with gelatin than HES 130/0.4 at 36 hours and48 hours of therapy (P< 0.05). However, the decrease in plateletcounts in subjects treated with HES 130/0.4 was more than thatof gelatin (P=0.018).Conclusion HES 130/0.4 solution may be better for volume replacementcompared to gelatin and is safe for fluid resuscitationin children with DSS.
Magnitude and influencing factors of parasomnia in schoolchildren
Authors: Rasul Choudhury Habibur , Mostafa Khan Golam , Baruri Nitya Nanda , Sultana Jakia
Published: August 2016

Background Parasomnias are undesirable events occurring inthe sleep-wake transition period. Several predisposing factors arereported to induce parasomnia in preschool children.Objective To es timate the magnitude of parasomnia in schoolchildren and to evaluate its relationship with possible predisposingfactors .Methods Five hundred children aged 5- 16 years from a boys'school and a girls' school in Khulna City, Ban gladesh, wererandomly selected for the study conducted fromJuly to December2011. The survey was don e in two steps: self-administeredquestionnaire and clinical interviews of affected students andtheir parents. Apart from demographic features, questionnairesincluded details of perinatal and personal fac tors as well asfamilial and socioeconomic factors . The diagnoses of variantsof parasomnias was based on the criteria for category-basedclassification by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.Results Seven hundred thir teen filled questionnaires revealedparasomnia in 187 (26.2%) children. Most parasomnias wereaccompanied by other sleep disorders, in which 23 (12.3%) havingprimary dyssomnias including 18 (9.3%) obstructive sleep apnea,and 10 (5.3%) parasomnias with hypersomnias . Nightmares(7. 4%) were highest among the parasomnias fo llowed by nocturnalenuresis (4.1 %) and sleep terrors (3 .4%). More girls experiencedparasomnias than boys (107 /360 vs . 80/353, respectively;P= 0.039) . Perinatal factors such as problems during pregnancy(17 .1 %) or eventful delivery (25. 7%), and socioeconomic factorssuch as familial disharmony (11.8%) and low socioeconomiclevel(3 1.6%) had positive associations with parasomnia.Conclusion One-quarter of school children experience parasomnia.We found perinatal factors particularly problem duringpregnancy, and socioeconomic factors particularly familialdisharmony have significant influences on this condition.
Leptin, blood pressure, and left ventricular mass in obese adolescents
Authors: Kaunang David , Widodo Handri , Pateda Vivekenanda
Published: August 2016

Background Obesity is characterized by an excessive accumulationof body fat and has become a major health problem in industrializedsocieties especially with regards to heart disease. Adipose tissuederived hormone (leptin) can cause obesity. Leptin acts to reducefood consumption and enhance energy expenditure.Objective To assess for a relationship between leptin, bloodpressure, and left ventricular mass in obese adolescents.Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted fromNovember 2011 to April 2012 in Prof. Dr. RD. Kandou Hospital.This study included obese and healthy adolescents aged 13-18years who attended school in Tuminting District ofManado. Eachsubject underwent measurements of body mass index (BMI), booldpressure, and plasma leptin level. Correlation regression test wasused for data analysis. Results were considered to be statisticallysignificant if P values < 0.05.Results There was a significant relationship between leptin andleft ventricular mass (r=-0.467; P=0.006), as well as leptin andsystolic blood pressure (r=-0.366; P=0.028), but not betweenleptin and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.261; P=0.09). We alsofound significant relationships between systolic blood pressure andleft ventricular mass (r=0.724; P<0.001), and between diastolicblood pressure and left ventricular mass ( r=0.615; P< 0.001) inobese adolescents.Conclusion Higher leptin levels are associated with lower leftventricular mass and lower systolic blood pressure, but are notassociated with diastolic blood pressure.
Ketorolac vs. tramadol for pain management after abdominal surgery in children
Authors: Hendarman Iman , Triratna Silvia , Kamaludin Muhammad , Theodorus Theodorus
Published: August 2016

Background Tramadol is a pure analgesic widely used forpostoperative treatment and well tolerated by children. Howevet;it has only a 50% efficacy. Ketorolac, a non􀁙steroid anri􀁙inflammation drug (NSAID), is widely used in adults and has upto 85% clinical efficacy. Data supporting the use of ketorolac inchildren has been limited.Objective To compare the clinical efficacies of intravenousketorolac and tramadol for moderate􀁙to􀁙severe pain managementafter abdominal surgery in children.Methods A double􀁙blind controlled trial was conducted in Moh.Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, from January to June 2012. Subjectswere postoperative children aged 1 􀁙 7 years who met the inclusioncriteria. T hey were randomized into two groups who receivedeither intravenous ketorolac or tramadol. Subjects assessedtheir pain level using the Face, Legs, Anns, Cry and Consolability(FLACC) pain scale. T he FLACC scores ::::;3 were considered toindicate clinical success of the intervention. Data were analyzedby T􀁙test, Chi􀁙square test, and Fischer's exact test.Results Of the 60 subjects who underwent abdominal surgery withgeneral anesthesia, 31 (52%) were boys and 29 (48%) were girls.Subjects' mean age and body weight were 3.7 (SD 1.82) years and12.6 (SD 2.85) kg, respectively. Mean duration of surgery was 71.7(SD 21.11) minutes and mean post􀁙operative FLACC score was6.6 (SD 0.5). Eight subjects dropped out of the study. Efficacies ofketorolac and tramadol were not significantly different at 21/26 and17/26, respectively (P=OJ5). In addition, there was no significantdifference in the number of patients experiencing a >3 FLACCscore decline between ketorolac and tramadol groups (P=0.61).Conclusion T here is no significant difference in the efficaciesof intravenous ketorolac and tramadol for moderate􀁙to􀁙severepain management after abdominal surgery in children. [PaediatrIndones.2014;54:118.21.].
Solubility and hydrolysis of Np(V) in dilute to concentrated alkaline NaCl solutions: formation of Na–Np(V)–OH solid phases at 22 °C
Authors: Petrov Vladimir G. , Fellhauer David , Gaona Xavier , Dardenne Kathy , Rothe Jörg , Kalmykov Stepan N. , Altmaier Marcus
Published: August 2016

The solubility of Np(V) was investigated at T=22±2°C in alkaline NaCl solutions of different ionic strength (0.1–5.0 M). The solid phases controlling the solubility at different –log10 mH+(pHm) and NaCl concentration were characterized by XRD, quantitative chemical analysis, SEM–EDS and XAFS (both XANES and EXAFS). Aqueous phases in equilibrium with Np(V) solids were investigated for selected samples within 8.9≤pHm≤10.3 by UV-vis/NIR absorption spectroscopy. In 0.1 M NaCl, the experimental solubility of the initial greenish NpO2OH(am) solid phase is in good agreement with previous results obtained in NaClO4 solutions, and is consistent with model calculations for fresh NpO2OH(am) using the thermodynamic data selection in NEA–TDB. Below pHm~11.5 and for all NaCl concentrations studied, Np concentration in equilibrium with the solid phase remained constant during the timeframe of this study (~2 years). This observation is in contrast to the aging of the initial NpO2OH(am) into a more crystalline modification with the same stoichiometry, NpO2OH(am, aged), as reported in previous studies for concentrated NaClO4 and NaCl. Instead, the greenish NpO2OH(am) transforms into a white solid phase in those systems with [NaCl]≥1.0 M and pHm≥11.5, and into two different pinkish phases above pHm~13.2. The solid phase transformation is accompanied by a drop in Np solubility of 0.5–2 log10-units (depending upon NaCl concentration). XANES analyses of green, white and pink phases confirm the predominance of Np(V) in all cases. Quantitative chemical analysis shows the incorporation of Na+ in the original NpO2OH(am) material, with Na:Np≤0.3 for the greenish solids and 0.8≤Na:Np≤1.6 for the white and pinkish phases. XRD data confirms the amorphous character of the greenish phase, whereas white and pink solids show well-defined but discrepant XRD patterns. Furthermore, the XRD pattern collected for one of the pink solid phases match the data recently reported for NaNpO2(OH)2(cr). UV-vis/NIR spectra collected in 0.1–5.0 M NaCl solutions show the predominance of NpO2
+ (≥80%) at pHm≤10.3. This observation is consistent with the Np(V) hydrolysis scheme currently selected in the NEA–TDB. This work provides sound evidences on the formation of ternary Na–Np(V)–OH solid phases in Na-rich hyperalkaline solutions and ambient temperature conditions. Given the unexpectedly high complexity of the system, further experimental efforts dedicated to assess the thermodynamic properties of these solid phases are needed, especially in view of their likely relevance as solubility controlling Np(V) solid phases in Na-rich systems such as saline and cement-based environments in the context of the safety assessment for nuclear waste disposal.
Confessions of a ‘Mixed Marriage Child’. Diary in the Study of Yugoslavia’s Breakup
Authors: Buric Fedja
Published: August 2016

This article relies on the author’s own diary, kept between 1993 and 1994, in an effort to study how the violent breakup of Yugoslavia impacted identities of ordinary people. As it was written by a child from a mixed (Muslim-Croat) marriage, the diary, when properly analysed and contextualized, offers a way to study ethnicity as a process. In employing an unorthodox methodology in demonstrating how, as a 14-year-old, he was both marked as mixed and embraced Bosniak nationalism to the point of (risking) radicalization, the author moves the discussion of Yugoslav mixed marriages beyond the polarized and static portrayal hitherto characteristic of the debates around this topic.
Negotiating Socialist Lives after the Fall. Narrative Resources and Strategies of the First Socialist Generation in Bulgaria
Authors: Koleva Daniela
Published: August 2016

This article is based on the life stories of about 100 women and men born in the 1920s and 1930s in Bulgaria. The stories were elicited in oral history interviews enquiring into their lives under the communist regime. The starting hypothesis was that, in the absence of a shared public narrative about the socialist past, as is the case in present-day Bulgaria, people would struggle to make sense of their lives during the time of socialism and have difficulty producing meaningful autobiographical accounts. The article explores the narrative strategies the interviewees adopted to let them present their lives as meaningfully seamless and coherent, despite the change in frame of reference. Four such strategies are discussed: sameness (unbroken loyalty to the former regime); biographical revisionism (distancing the self from the regime but retaining loyalty to the ideology); reversed temporality (privileging the past); and steering away (focusing on private life while ignoring its context).
Europe on the Move. A Commentary
Authors: Busek Erhard
Published: August 2016

Erhard Busek, former special coordinator of the Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe, assesses the present European crises—the refugee crisis, the financial crisis, the Greek crisis, the Ukrainian crisis, the Brexit crisis—from a Southeast European perspective, and from the perspective of one who has worked substantively toward the stabilization of the postwar societies of the successor states of Yugoslavia in the 2000s. This stabilization process has been a long and arduous task, albeit one that has borne fruit in spite of all the remaining fragilities. It would be a great mistake to forfeit what has been achieved, and not to take the achievement as a lesson for meeting the present challenges: developing a real conflict and crisis management process is a worthwhile endeavor.
Brexit and Europe. A Commentary
Authors: Breuilly John
Published: August 2016

The Brexit vote was not simply a rejection of the European Union but also of a politics based on calculated self-interest or reasoned idealism. The author outlines how the referendum came about, provides crucial background information, and analyses its results. The reasons for the success of the Leave campaign are concisely presented, including the role of parties other than the Labour and Tory parties and that of the media in promoting, instead of critically assessing, a campaign characterized by exaggerated, even false claims. In his outlook towards the future, the author focuses on the UK/EU relationship and the internal constitutional crisis the Brexit vote has created and the dangers these pose for (further) destabilisation both of Britain and Europe.
Asymptotically stable dynamic risk assessments
Authors: Eisele Karl-Theodor , Kupper Michael
Published: August 2016

In this paper we study asymptotically stable risk assessments (or equivalently risk measures)
which have the property that an unacceptable position cannot become acceptable by adding a huge cash-flow far in the future. Under an additional continuity assumption, these risk assessments are exactly those which have a robust representation in terms of test probabilities that are supported on a finite time interval.
For time-consistent risk assessments we give conditions on their generators which guarantee asymptotic stability.
Thermal annealing of natural, radiation-damaged pyrochlore
Authors: Zietlow Peter , Beirau Tobias , Mihailova Boriana , Groat Lee A. , Chudy Thomas , Shelyug Anna , Navrotsky Alexandra , Ewing Rodney C. , Schlüter Jochen , Škoda Radek , Bismayer Ulrich
Published: August 2016

Radiation damage in minerals is caused by the α-decay of incorporated radionuclides, such as U and Th and their decay products. The effect of thermal annealing (400–1000 K) on radiation-damaged pyrochlores has been investigated by Raman scattering, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and combined differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetry (DSC/TG). The analysis of three natural radiation-damaged pyrochlore samples from Miass/Russia [6.4 wt% Th, 23.1·1018 α-decay events per gram (dpg)], Panda Hill/Tanzania (1.6 wt% Th, 1.6·1018 dpg), and Blue River/Canada (10.5 wt% U, 115.4·1018 dpg), are compared with a crystalline reference pyrochlore from Schelingen (Germany). The type of structural recovery depends on the initial degree of radiation damage (Panda Hill 28%, Blue River 85% and Miass 100% according to XRD), as the recrystallization temperature increases with increasing degree of amorphization. Raman spectra indicate reordering on the local scale during annealing-induced recrystallization. As Raman modes around 800 cm−1 are sensitive to radiation damage (M. T. Vandenborre, E. Husson, Comparison of the force field in various pyrochlore families. I. The A2B2O7 oxides. J. Solid State Chem.
1983, 50, 362, S. Moll, G. Sattonnay, L. Thomé, J. Jagielski, C. Decorse, P. Simon, I. Monnet, W. J. Weber, Irradiation damage in Gd2Ti2O7 single crystals: Ballistic versus ionization processes. Phys. Rev.
2011, 84, 64115.), the degree of local order was deduced from the ratio of the integrated intensities of the sum of the Raman bands between 605 and 680 cm−1 divided by the sum of the integrated intensities of the bands between 810 and 860 cm−1. The most radiation damaged pyrochlore (Miass) shows an abrupt recovery of both, its short- (Raman) and long-range order (X-ray) between 800 and 850 K, while the weakly damaged pyrochlore (Panda Hill) begins to recover at considerably lower temperatures (near 500 K), extending over a temperature range of ca. 300 K, up to 800 K (Raman). The pyrochlore from Blue River shows in its initial state an amorphous X-ray diffraction pattern superimposed by weak Bragg-maxima that indicates the existence of ordered regions in a damaged matrix. In contrast to the other studied pyrochlores, Raman spectra of the Blue River sample show the appearance of local modes above 560 K between 700 and 800 cm−1 resulting from its high content of U and Ta impurities. DSC measurements confirmed the observed structural recovery upon annealing. While the annealing-induced ordering of Panda Hill begins at a lower temperature (ca. 500 K) the recovery of the highly-damaged pyrochlore from Miass occurs at 800 K. The Blue-River pyrochlore shows a multi-step recovery which is similarly seen by XRD. Thermogravimetry showed a continuous mass loss on heating for all radiation-damaged pyrochlores (Panda Hill ca. 1%, Blue River ca. 1.5%, Miass ca. 2.9%).
Conocarpol, a new cycloartane triterpenoid from Diospyros conocarpa
Authors: Feusso Hermann Marius Feumo , Akak Carine Mvot , Tala Michel Feussi , Azebaze Anatole Guy Blaise , Tsabang Nole , Vardamides Juliette Catherine , Laatsch Hartmut
Published: August 2016

A new cycloartane triterpenoid named conocarpol (1) was isolated from the stem bark of Diospyros conocarpa, together with the known compounds aridanin (2), lupeol (3), betulin (4), betulinic acid (5), stigmasterol (6), and stigmasterol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7). Their structures were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. Aridanin (2) is reported for the first time in the family Ebenaceae, and conocarpol (1) represents the first cycloartane triterpene within this family.
Effect of Electrical Myostimulation on the Function of Lower Leg Muscles
Authors: Silinskas Viktoras , GrŪnovas Albinas , Stanislovaitiene Jurate , Buliuolis Alfonsas , Trinkunas Eugenijus , Poderys Jonas
Published: August 2016

Silinskas, V, Grūnovas, A, Stanislovaitiene, J, Buliuolis, A, Trinkunas, E, and Poderys, J. Effect of electrical myostimulation on the function of lower leg muscles. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1577–1584, 2017—Electrical myostimulation (EMS) method is applied to improve skeletal muscle function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of EMS applied to the sole and calf muscles on their strength and on maximal sprint performance. Each of 10 training sessions involved 10 seconds of stimulation and 50 seconds of rest for a total of 10 minutes. After the 10 training sessions, the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of right calf muscles increased by 6.0% from 830.0 ± 47.0 N to 878.0 ± 45.3 N (p ≤ 0.05). When EMS was applied to trained athletes, their 10-m sprint performance improved by 2.1% (p ≤ 0.05). In the second part of the study, a 3-week training program with EMS was applied to athletes, which significantly improved their 10-m sprint performance from a standing start by 5.3% and from a running start by 4.7% (p ≤ 0.05). Thus, 10 EMS cycles up to the maximal tolerated intensity applied every other day improved the MVC of foot flexion muscles and 10-m sprint performance from both standing and running starts. Three weeks of EMS training did not affect the intensity of calf muscle blood flow and oxygen saturation at rest. The training program supplemented with 10 EMS sessions produced significantly greater effects on the 10-m sprint performance from both a standing and a running start.
Single-Leg Squat Performance in Active Adolescents Aged 8–17 Years
Authors: Agresta Cristine , Church Chris , Henley John , Duer Tim , O'Brien Kathleen
Published: August 2016

Agresta, CE, Church, C, Henley, J, Duer, T, and O'Brien, K. Single-leg squat performance in active adolescents aged 8–17 years. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1187–1191, 2017—More than 30 million U.S. adolescents participate in sport and exercise. Lower extremity injury from sport participation accounts for up to 89% of injuries each year. The single-leg squat (SLS) is a simple clinical tool that assesses lower extremity mechanics often associated with injury risk. To date, there is limited information regarding SLS performance in healthy children. Such information could be useful when assessing youth athletes to determine if mechanics demonstrated are different than is to be expected and puts them at the risk for injury. Furthermore, maturity status is thought to influence motor performance. Currently, there is no information regarding the influence of maturity status on SLS performance in adolescents. The purpose of our study was to determine SLS performance in relation to age and maturity level in adolescents. Forty-five children aged 8–17 years were videotaped performing a series of 10 squats using a standardized protocol. Standing height, seated height, and leg length measures were collected. Investigators scored the SLS test using specific scoring criteria. Adolescents were categorized into 3 maturity levels using a peak height velocity calculation. Multiple linear regression analyses and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Chronological age was a significant predictor of SLS performance with younger children having poorer SLS scores. Coaches and trainers should consider the chronological age of the youth athlete when assessing SLS performance. Furthermore, tailored training programs by age may help to address faulty areas, like single-leg stability, and improve overall functional performance.
Differences Between Transcutaneous and Serum Bilirubin Measurements in Black African Neonates
Authors: Olusanya Bolajoko O. , Imosemi Donald O. , Emokpae Abieyuwa A.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) correlates positively with total serum bilirubin (TSB) across different racial populations. However, little is known about the pattern of divergence between TcB and TSB at individual patient-level and the relationship with TcB measuring techniques among African neonates. This study, therefore, investigates TcB–TSB discrepancies and the contribution of 2 models of transcutaneous bilirubinometers to the observed divergence in a black African population.

METHODS:

Medical records were retrieved for late preterm and term infants with 1 to 3 pairs of TcB and TSB measurements between December 2011 to June 2015 in Nigeria. Divergence between TcB and TSB values for each infant was determined and the associated factors explored with generalized estimating equations for logistic regression. Contributions of BiliChek and JM-103 transcutaneous bilirubinometers to the divergence were further explored through linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis.

RESULTS:

Overall, 2107 TcB/TSB measurements from 1553 infants were analyzed. TSB was overestimated by ≥2 mg/dL in 64.5%, ≥3 mg/dL in 42.7%, and ≥4 mg/dL in 25.7% of all measurements. In contrast, TSB was underestimated by ≥2 mg/dL in 1.1%, ≥3 mg/dL in 0.5%, and ≥4 mg/dL in 0.3% of all recordings. Postnatal age, feeding mode, and type of TcB instrument were predictive of TSB overestimation. The JM-103 was associated with greater imprecision than BiliChek at all TSB levels.

CONCLUSIONS:

BiliChek and JM-103 bilirubinometers significantly overestimate TSB in black African neonates and may result in unnecessary or excessive treatments. Additional development of appropriate bilirubin determination devices for this racial group, especially in resource-limited settings, is warranted.
Book Review
Authors: Zsila Ágnes
Published: August 2016

Elias Aboujaoude and Vladan Starcevic (Eds.) Mental Health in the Digital Age: Grave Dangers, Great Promise, Oxford University Press: New York, NY, 2015, 277 pp. ISBN: 978-0-19-938018-3
"Na mais ilustre de todas as cidades, tão miserável tipografia": antiquariato, imprensa e epigrafia a partir de André de Resende (c. 1500-1573)
Authors: Da Silveira Pedro Telles
Published: August 2016

Este estudo procura compreender a relação entre a prática antiquária na Idade Moderna e a introdução da imprensa através do trabalho do humanista português André de Resende. Partindo tanto da história do livro quanto da história da historiografia, busca-se entender como a permanência dos manuscritos, as dificuldades técnicas relacionadas à impressão e as limitações dos próprios antiquários faziam um conjunto de circunstâncias técnicas se tornarem problemas teóricos. Procura-se, então, problematizar a distinção proposta pelo historiador italiano Arnaldo Momigliano entre fontes “literárias” e “não-literárias” através de uma atenção mais detalhada aos procedimentos de estudo e comunicação dos antiquários modernos.
CONFORMAÇÃO CORPORAL DE EQUINOS DE DIFERENTES GRUPOS GENÉTICOS
Authors: Rezende Marcos Paulo Gonçalves , Souza Julio Cesar de , Mota Marcelo Falci , Oliveira Nicacia Monteiro , Jardim Rodrigo José Delgado
Published: August 2016

Resumo Qualquer atividade equestre exig e equino com aptidão adequada, podendo ser identificada através da conformação corporal (IC), calculada pela combinação de medidas biométricas. Objetivou-se avaliar IC de 86 equinos, pertencentes aos grupos genéticos (GG): Crioulo (CR), Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH), Árabe (ARB), Quarto de Milha (QM), Puro Sangue Inglês (PSI) e mestiços com pequena estatura corporal, rotulado Petiço (PE). Avaliaram-se relação cernelha garupa, peso corporal estimado, torácico, corporal, corporal relativo, conformação, compacidade e carga 1 e 2, carga na canela e dáctilo-torácico. Analisaram-se efeito de sexo (S), GG e interação S*GG; correlações entre IC; componentes principais, elaborando-se diagrama de dispersão com biplot, para se verificar a distribuição dos GG em relação aos IC; e cluster para verificar distância entre GG. Os efeitos foram responsáveis por variações (P<0,05) nos IC. Considerou-se o PE elipométrico e os demais, eumétricos. Considerou-se o PSI mediolíneo e os demais, brevilíneos. Equinos PSI, QM e PE apresentaram-se aptos para executar atividades com sela até tração leve e o restante, até tração pesada. Equinos BH e ARB apresentaram maior capacidade de suportar peso sem esforço exagerado sobre o dorso, trabalhando a passo e ao galope. Observaram-se maior similaridade entre QM e CR e menor entre PE com os GG.
COMPOSIÇÃO DO LEITE DE CABRAS SAANEN INFECTADAS EXPERIMENTALMENTE COM Staphylococcus aureus E SUBMETIDAS A DOIS PROTOCOLOS DE TRATAMENTO
Authors: Peixoto Rodolfo de Moraes , Araújo Renata de Moraes Peixoto , Peixoto Luciana Jatobá e Silva , Rocha Werônica Souza , Sá Maria da Conceição Aquino de , Costa Mateus Matiuzzi da
Published: August 2016

Resumo: Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a composição química do leite após a infecção e tratamento da mastite induzida por S. Aureus. Foram utilizadas 10 fêmeas caprinas da raça Saanen. Fez-se a infecção experimental em 20 glândulas mamárias, formando-se quatro grupos experimentais, sendo cada um composto por cinco glândulas mamárias. Um grupo foi tratado com antimicrobiano comercial e outro com pomada à base de extrato natural de planta. Os demais grupos foram constituídos controles. Os valores obtidos para gordura, lactose, proteína, sólidos totais e produção leiteira foram analisados ao longo dos momentos experimentais, comparando-os entre si e entre os grupos experimentais. A mastite foi diagnosticada 24 horas pós inoculação, utilizando-se a lactocultura. Os animais não apresentaram alterações nos parâmetros clínicos avaliados. Para os percentuais de gordura, proteína e sólidos totais, observou-se uma elevação ao longo dos momentos experimentais, sem variação entre os grupos experimentais. Tendo em vista a importância da terapia antimicrobiana convencional e a crescente utilização de antimicrobianos naturais, os resultados obtidos mostram igualdade entre as duas opções terapêuticas, principalmente no aspecto de manutenção dos principais componentes do leite.
VOLUME CORPUSCULAR MÉDIO (VCM) E AMPLITUDE DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DO TAMANHO DOS ERITRÓCITOS (RDW) EM EQUINOS DA RAÇA QUARTO DE MILHA USADOS EM PROVAS DE TRÊS TAMBORES
Authors: Carvalho Renan Silva de , Macedo Lais Policarpo , Teixeira Fernanda Almeida , Binda Marcela Bucher , Coelho Clarisse Simões
Published: August 2016

Resumo Vinte e dois equinos da raça Quarto de Milha, 8 fêmeas e 14 machos, 4,88±2,42 anos e 429,1±31,9 kg, foram avaliados antes (T0) e imediatamente após (T1) e com 30 (T2) e 120 minutos (T3) após uma prova de três tambores para determinar a influência do exercício físico sobre o volume corpuscular médio (VCM) e a amplitude da distribuição do tamanho dos eritrócitos (RDW). Variáveis foram submetidas à análise de variância e a comparações entre médias pelo teste de Tukey e a comparações entre machos e fêmeas pelo teste-t, considerando-se p<0,05. Os valores de VCM foram 46,5±2,0 fl, 47,6±2,2 fl, 46,6±1,8 fl e 46,7±1,9 fl em machos e 46,3±0,6 fl, 47,7±0,9 fl, 46,7±0,8 fl e 46,4±0,8 fl em fêmeas, respectivamente, em T0, T1, T2 e T3. Para RDW, foram registrados valores de 28,8±8,1%, 30,8±9,5%, 28,2±8,1% e 26,6±8,0% em machos e 28,0±7,3%, 27,1±8,1%, 28,1±8,1% e 28,6±7,2%, em fêmeas, respectivamente, em T0, T1, T2 e T3. Houve aumento significativo somente de VCM nos equinos de ambos os sexos. Não foram observadas diferenças entre machos e fêmeas para VCM e RDW. Foi possível concluir que o exercício físico imposto levou a uma macrocitose homogênea.
A paixão da causalidade: uma fala em causa?,
Authors: Gori Roland
Published: August 2016

Este artigo coloca a questão de saber de onde provém a neces- sidade de se buscarem causas psicológicas para o sofrimento e para a doença, transformando o pathos dessas experiências cruciais na busca de uma explicação aceitável pela razão. Partindo de fragmen- tos clínicos e da análise do texto de Tausk sobre "a gênese do apare- lho de influenciar" na esquizofrenia, o trabalho visa explicitar a especificidade da posição psicanalítica em relação às proposições psicológicas (por vezes influenciadas pela própria psicanálise), de caráter explicativo e "compreensivo", face a esta questão. Propõe-se que "a tendência causalista em psicanálise consti- tui uma resistência ao próprio método psicanalítico " e que é exigido do psicanalista um trabalho particular de luto consistindo na re- núncia a pretensão aos sentidos estabelecidos de uma vez por todas em benefício de se admitir, a partir do contexto da situação psicana- lítica, que podemos "sofrer sem razão" e que nosso pensamento se forma "do encontro de nosso desejo com alguns fragmentos, retos de palavras e de fonemas". Conclui-se que a necessidade de se encontrar causas psicoló- gicas para o sofrimento decorre da própria experiência originária de aquisição da linguagem, tempo mítico durante o qual um único aparelho de linguagem funcionou para dois corpos, fundador da relação desnaturada do ser humano com seu próprio corpo, para a qual o eu busca - desesperadamente - uma explicação definitiva.
A AIDS numa cultura de falsos-selves
Authors: Sanches Renate Meyer
Published: August 2016

Partindo da discussão das diferenças na visão de cultura em Freud e Winnicott, o texto procura situar o significado dos mitos e dos tabus. Neste contexto insere-se a questão da AIDS Social: um conjunto de representações, pré*conceitos e posturas ligados à AIDS. que tem a função de criar barreiras defensivas em relação aos conteúdos associados à mesma: sexualidade "ilícita'', destrutividade, impotência e morte. Situa se a questão da AIDS Social como produto de uma cultura que vem sendo caracterizada como narcísica: discutem-se as características da mesma, relacionando-a especificamente a traços da cultura brasileira e reposicionando numa leitura winnicottiana. como uma cultura de falsos-selves- A AIDS é colocada como, simultaneamente, um produto e uma denúncia (portanto, um sintoma)dessa cultura.
Tensão pré-menstrual - loucura feminina?
Authors: Zoldan Vera Aparecida de Carvalho
Published: August 2016

A Síndrome da Tensão Pré-Menstrual surge em nossos dias como a "síndrome da mulher moderna". Marcando uma diferença sexual, cada vez mais difícil de ser simbolizada pelas mulheres de nossa época, os sintomas da STPM mostram-se incompreensíveis para suas vítimas, incuráveis para os médicos, "loucura feminina " para a sociedade. Porém, à luz dos conflitos pré-edípicos descritos por Freud, assim como da problemática da pré-puberdade, em Helene Deutsch, até a leitura lacaniana do gozo feminino, a tensão pré-menstrual revela-se pela emergência do real como "tensão pré-simbolizante" - esforço imposto a toda mulher pela impossibilidade de dizer seu sexo, de definir-se a partir da função da maternidade como criadora de seus próprios significantes -
Temporalidade da esquizofrenia. Contraste entre a temporalidade da esquizofrenia e das psicoses delirantes não-esquizofrênicas
Authors: Bin Kimura
Published: August 2016

O esforço para definir estritamente o conceito de " esquizofrenia" é um dos temas mais atuais da psiquiatria contemporânea e ocupa também um lugar central nas pesquisas psicopatológicas do autor. Nos estudos sobre o lugar do outro no delírio, o autor tenta considerar, particularmente do ponto de vista "quase espacial" ou topológico, o modo de aparição do outro no campo da experiência delirante do esquizofrénico e dos delirantes não-esquizofrênicos.
Da necessidade de se refletir sobre os rumos tomados por uma psicanálise que se diz winnicottiana
Authors: Graça Fátima Flórido Cesar de Alencastro
Published: August 2016

O pensamento de Winnicott, e de seus seguidores, muito nos auxilia a lidar com importantes questões da clínica contemporânea, especialmente aquelas relacionadas aos chamados "casos difíceis" (casos- limite ou patologias borderline). Entretanto, na atualidade, assistimos a uma "ideologização" da teoria winnicottiana: uma eliminação de seu potencial de metáfora e transformação a partir de uma sentimentalização excessiva aliada à substituição do pensamento por dogmas e clichés. Neste artigo, pretende-se refletir sobre os rumos tomados por tal psicanálise (que se diz winnicottiana). Além de alguns textos, inclusive do próprio Winnicott, um trabalho de Fédida intitulado Crise e contratransferência nos auxiliará neste propósito.
Considerações sobre o lugar do corpo na organização perversa
Authors: Queiroz Edilene Freire de
Published: August 2016

Este artigo inicia fazendo algumas reflexões sobre o sentido de corpo para a psicanálise, partindo do princípio de que ele é distinto do da Biologia. Traz para o foco da discussão, o homem como ser de linguagem e analisa a forma de inscrição das experiências no aparelho psíquico. Situa a problemática do perverso na imagem que ele guarda da castração do corpo do Outro. Por fim, apresenta as contribuições trazidas por Rey-Flaud quanto aos níveis de perversão, de acordo com a maneira do perverso lidar com o objeto.
Transtorno borderline: história e atualidade
Authors: Dalgalarrondo Paulo , Vilela Wolgrand Alves
Published: August 2016

No presente trabalho é feita uma revisão histórica e psicopatológica do distúrbio borderline. O autor sugere que a categoria clínica introduzida por Kahlbaum, em 1890, “heiboidophenie”, pode ser considerada como um protoconceito na origem do conceito de transtorno borderline. No final dos anos 70 e 80, sob a influência do DMS-III, a esquizofrenia latente ou borderline se transformava em dois subtipos de transtorno de personalidade: borderline e esquizotípico. Alguns aspectos psicopatológicos do Transtorno de Personalidade Borderline são revistos, com especial ênfase sobre os sintomas afetivos e as alterações no plano das relações interpessoais.
Observando o invisível: uma epistemologia psicanalítica
Authors: Linhares Andréa
Published: August 2016

Partindo da imagem da dissecação de cadáveres, considerada como “cena primitiva” da ciência moderna, o presente artigo propõe indicar uma especificidade da observação em psicanálise por meio do paradigma do sonho, espaço, não mais do visível, mas do visual e do alucinatório. Nesta configuração, a observação se encontra intrinsecamente ligada à experiência transferencial. A autora atenta, então, para os laços transferênciais que ligam pesquisador e objeto de estudo, numa analogía entre a investigação científica e a situação analítica.
O papel da recusa nas relações entre o narcisismo e a perversão
Authors: Naves Emilse Terezinha
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo pretende discutir as relações existentes entre narcisismo e organização sexual perversa e, nessa articulação, entender também qual é o papel do mecanismo da recusa no desenvolvimento da referida relação. A recusa da percepção da castração leva o indivíduo a uma recusa de se reconhecer marcado pela falta, que é vista como uma ferida narcisista insuportável. Isto demandaria, de um lado, reforçar as defesas narcísicas e, de outro, buscar relações infiltradas de núcleos perversos. Esse funcionamento levará, conseqüentemente, a uma cisão do ego, o que nos indica uma vulnerabilidade à psicose. O paciente situa-se entre os limites de uma perversão e de uma psicose, e sob determinadas condições uma ou outra organização é privilegiada. A apresentação de fragmentos de um caso clínico pretende contribuir para a compreensão mais ampliada da questão proposta.
Erasmo: o Estranho da loucura criminal
Authors: Peres Maria Fernanda Tourinho
Published: August 2016

Neste artigo, pretendemos trazer à discussão os mecanismos de controle social que se desenvolveram em torno dos doentes mentais criminosos, sob a forma de saberes e práticas institucionalizadas. Tais saberes e práticas organizam-se segundo as estratégias médico-psiquiátrica e jurídico-penal. Através da reconstrução do caso de um paciente internado em um Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento, tentaremos demonstrar como se articula em torno da noção de periculosidade uma rede que envolve saberes, práticas, instituições e leis. Com isso podemos examinar a formação de uma nova subjetividade: o estranho sujeito da periculosidade.