bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Design of an Ultracompact Liquid Methane–Liquid Oxygen Turbopump for a Mid-Scale Thruster for Upper Stage Application
Authors: Cancescu Alexandru-Claudiu , Crunteanu Daniel-Eugeniu , Andreescu Anna-Maria Theodora , Danescu Simona-Nicoleta , Dragan Valeriu
Published: September 2024

As space missions proliferate and the payload requirements increase, the environmental impact of thrusters can no longer be considered negligible. Therefore, less impactful fuels such as methane are starting to be considered for launchers. In this paper we present a design case study for such a turbopump. Using both analytical models and Computational Fluid Dynamics techniques, we were able to reduce the size and weight of the turbopump assembly. Also, due to the elimination of some auxiliary systems, the overall efficiency was enhanced. This paper’s findings and methods can be transferred not only to launchers in its own class, but also to larger scale engines with a similar construction.
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Correlates with Fibrotic Atrial Myopathy in Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Lee Jonghui , Sponder Michael , Stojkovic Stefan , Riesenhuber Martin , Hammer Andreas , Hofbauer Thomas M. , Sulzgruber Patrick , Burger Stefanie , Kastl Stefan , Duca Franz , Schönbauer Robert
Published: September 2024

Background: The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is high. Impaired left atrial (LA) function is a major determinant in HFpEF. However, the extent of electrical LA tissue degeneration in HFpEF is unknown. Therefore, we sought to investigate the amount of arrhythmogenic and fibrotic LA tissue degeneration in HFpEF patients presenting for AF ablation. Methods: We prospectively screened consecutive patients presenting for first time AF ablation. The HFA-PEFF score was used to identify HFpEF patients. Bipolar high-density voltage mapping was created in sinus rhythm prior to ablation to evaluate the general LA bipolar voltage and quantify areas of low voltage. LVAs were defined as areas with bipolar voltage < 0.5 mV. Results: In total, 187 patients were prospectively enrolled (age 65 ± 11 years, 45% female, 46% persistent AF, 25% HFpEF) in this study. HFpEF patients were older and had a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (70 ± 9 vs. 63 ± 11 years and 3.2 ± 1.5 vs. 2.3 ± 1.5, each p < 0.001, respectively). Overall, low-voltage areas (LVAs) were present in 97 patients (52%), whereas 76% of the HFpEF population had LVA, as compared to 44% of patients without HFpEF (p < 0.001). HFpEF was associated with generally decreased LA bipolar voltage (1.09 ± 0.64 vs. 1.83 ± 0.91 mV; p < 0.001) and predictive of the presence of low-voltage areas (76% vs. 44% p < 0.001). The HFA-PEFF score inversely correlated with LA bipolar voltage (=−0.454; p < 0.001). Conclusions: HFpEF closely relates to generally decreased LA bipolar voltage and to the existence of fibrotic and arrhythmogenic LA tissue degeneration.
The Liver Transection Area Is a Novel Predictor for Surgical Difficulty in Laparoscopic Liver Resection
Authors: Yamada Motohiko , Takagi Kosei , Fuji Tomokazu , Yasui Kazuya , Kimura Jiro , Nishiyama Takeyoshi , Nagai Yasuo , Kanehira Noriyuki , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi
Published: September 2024

Background: A difficulty scoring system was developed to estimate the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic liver surgery (LLS); however, the effect of the liver transection area (LTA) on LLS outcomes have not been previously examined. Therefore, this study investigated the predictive significance of the LTA for LLS. Methods: This retrospective study included 106 patients who underwent LLS in our hospital between January 2012 and December 2023. The association of the LTA with the surgical difficulty level and operative time was investigated. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors predicting surgical difficulty in LLS. Results: The median LTA and operative time were 62.5 (IQR, 36.0–91.8) cm2 and 250 (IQR, 195–310) minutes, respectively. The LTA was significantly associated with surgical difficulty as evaluated using the IWATE Criteria. Moreover, the LTA significantly correlated with operative time (r2 = 0.19, p < 0.001). The multivariable analyses found that the LTA (≥59 cm2) (odds ratio [OR], 6.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.38–16.6; p < 0.001) and the type of LLS (≥segmentectomy) (OR, 3.79; 95% CI, 1.35–11.4; p = 0.01) were significant factors associated with surgical difficulty. Conclusions: The LTA is a useful parameter that reflects the difficulty of LLS.
Critically Ill Patients with Newly Diagnosed Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Rukavina Kresimir , Zlopasa Ozrenka , Vukovic Brinar Ivana , Dzubur Feda , Anic Branimir , Vujaklija Brajkovic Ana
Published: September 2024

ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAVs) are rare diseases with a prevalence of less than 200 cases per million persons and an incidence of less than 25 cases per million person-years. Their presenting features can vary from prodromal and nonspecific symptoms to dramatic organ-specific symptoms such as respiratory failure due to diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) and acute kidney injury (AKI). The latter two are hallmark features of pulmonary-renal syndrome, a potentially fatal condition that necessitates early recognition and treatment in intensive care units (ICUs) and rapid induction of immunosuppressive therapy. Background and case summaries: We described three patients with newly diagnosed AAV during the treatment of critical illness. All patients had DAH and two had AKI. The initial disease severity was extremely high in patients with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-AAV, reaching Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores of 15 and 14 with predicted mortality ≥ 95.2%. Both patients needed mechanical ventilation, one additional venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO), and renal replacement therapy. The patient with proteinase 3 (PR3)-AAV had a less severe disease, SOFA 3, requiring only modest oxygen supplementation and exhibiting only hematuria with normal renal function parameters. Immunosuppressive therapy was initiated during the ICU stay. The patient with the most severe clinical presentation died during the ICU stay because of sepsis, and the other two patients were discharged home. Conclusions: Patients with AAV presenting with pulmonary-renal syndrome necessitate various degrees of organ support. Nevertheless, these patients can be successfully treated in the early, critical stages of the disease and achieve remission.
Volumetry as a Criterion for Suboccipital Craniectomy after Cerebellar Infarction
Authors: Kapapa Thomas , Pala Andrej , Alber Burkhard , Mauer Uwe Max , Harth Andreas , Neugebauer Hermann , Sailer Lisa , Kreiser Kornelia , Schmitz Bernd , Althaus Katharina
Published: September 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of image-guided volumetry in cerebellar infarction during the decision-making process for surgery. Particular emphasis was placed on the ratio of the infarction volume to the cerebellar volume or cranial posterior fossa volume. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter, multidisciplinary study design was selected. Statistical methods such as regression analysis and ROC analysis included the volumetric data of the infarction, the posterior fossa and the cerebellum itself as new factors. Results: Thirty-eight patients (mean age 75 (SD: 13.93) years, 16 (42%) female patients) were included. The mean infarction volume was 37.79 (SD: 25.24) cm3. Patients treated surgically had a 2.05-fold larger infarction than those managed without surgery (p ≤ 0.001). Medical and surgical treatment revealed a significant difference in the ratio of the cranial posterior fossa volume to the infarction volume (medical 12.05, SD:9.09; surgical 5.14, SD: 5,65; p ≤ 0.001) and the ratio of the cerebellar volume to the infarction volume (medical 8.55, SD: 5.97; surgical 3.82, SD: 3.39; p ≤ 0.001). Subsequent multivariate regression analysis for surgical therapy showed significant results only for the posterior fossa volume to infarction volume ratio ≤/> 4:1 (OR: 1.162, CI: 1.007–1.341, p = 0.04). Younger (≤60 years) patients also had a significantly better outcome at discharge (p ≤ 0.017). A cut-off value for the infarction volume of 31.35 cm3 (sensitivity = 0.875, specificity = 0.2) was determined for the necessity of surgery. Conclusions: Volumetric data on the infarction, the posterior fossa and the cerebellum itself could be meaningful in decision-making towards surgery.
Bacterial Infection Features in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: Review of a 2016–2021 Cohort
Authors: Jiménez Cesar , Martí-Carretero Aina , Villagrasa Ares , Aguilar Anna , Pérez-Pérez María , Ventura-Cots Meritxell , Vargas Victor
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Bacterial infections (BI) are a major cause of mortality in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH); however, only a few studies have investigated BI in AH in the last decade. Therefore, we aimed to assess the features and outcomes of BI in patients with AH. Methods: This observational descriptive study included patients with AH admitted to a tertiary academic hospital between 2016 and 2021. Clinical and complete microbiological data were recorded and complications, including acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), and mortality over 90-days were compared between infected and noninfected patients. Results: Overall, 115 patients with AH were recruited and 75 had severe AH; among them, 66 started corticosteroid treatment. We identified 69 cases of BI in 44 patients; the incidence of BI upon hospital discharge was 32.2%, which reached 38.2% at 90 days. The predominant infection site was the chest (35%). Among the identified bacteria (52.1%), half were gram positive and half gram negative. A low rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria (14%) was also noted. Infected patients during hospitalization (n = 37) exhibited higher rates of hepatic decompensation and ACLF (p = 0.001) and lower survival (81.8% vs. 95.8%, p = 0.015) than did noninfected patients (n = 78). In-hospital infected patients (n = 22) exhibited worse survival (72.7%) than did those infected upon admission (93.3%) or noninfected patients (94.9%) (p = 0.009). Corticosteroid-treated patients displayed a nonsignificant increase in the total number of BI; however, without greater mortality. Conclusions: BI were common in our cohort of patients with AH. Patients with in-hospital infections commonly experienced serious complications, including high ACLF and death rates. Infections diagnosed upon admission were treated without affecting survival.
Type 4 Tibial Tuberosity Avulsion Fractures: Surgical Treatment Early Outcomes and a Presentation of the Distal Cortical Fixation
Authors: Segal David , Dillenkofer Michael , Wall Eric J. , Tamai Junichi
Published: September 2024

Background: The most published surgical technique for fixating Type 4 (Salter–Harris II) tibial tubercle avulsion fractures is uni-cortical in nature, and stability is suboptimal. This study presents a technique modification that is consistent with AO principles, by which the screws are aimed distally to purchase the posterior cortex of the distal fragment. This technique is defined as a “Distal Cortical Fixation”. This modification has not been studied to date and harbors potential advantages. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of surgical fixation techniques for the above-mentioned fractures and to describe the new modification. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted at a level 1 children’s hospital for surgically treated Salter–Harris II tibial tubercle fractures. Inclusion criteria were patients who sustained Salter–Harris II tibial tubercle avulsion fractures and were documented to reach one of two radiographic endpoints: union (regardless of alignment) or non-union that necessitated additional interventions. Medical records and radiographic studies were analyzed for fracture union and alignment. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate outcomes based on different fixation techniques that included Distal Cortical Fixation, a Proximal Screw Technique, and a crossed or multiple screws/pins construct. Results: A total of 37 patients were included with a mean age of 14.8 ± 1.2 years, with 34/37 (91.9%) being male. The most common procedure was a 1 to 3 screw fixation with a Distal Cortical Fixation (n = 21 (56.75%)), followed by a Proximal Screw Technique (n = 8, 21.62%), and a crossed or multiple screws/pins construct (n = 8, 21.62%). There was no difference between the groups in medical history and demographic features. The mean follow-up duration was 35.17 ± 36.79 weeks. There were no non-unions, and only a minimal change in the sagittal and coronal alignment (0.4 ± 1.94 (p = 0.872) and 0.53 ± 3.51 (p = 0.296) degrees, respectively) was noted and was not associated with the surgical technique. Conclusions: The surgical treatment of Salter–Harris II tibial tubercle avulsion fractures, including Distal Cortical Fixation, was presented and was found to provide satisfactory union rates on a short term follow up.
A Narrative Review of Adhesive Capsulitis with Diabetes
Authors: Chen Mu-Her , Chen Wen-Shiang
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: To update the perspectives of the association between diabetes (DM) and adhesive capsulitis (AC). Methods: Our findings were summarized in a narrative review. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Consensus databases, using keywords such as “diabetes”, “adhesive capsulitis”, and “frozen shoulder”, for articles published from January 2015 to June 2024, covering both type 1 and type 2 DM. Results: After compiling relevant articles on DM-related AC published since 2015, we found that most studies show an increased prevalence of AC in DM patients, ranging from 3 to 10 times. A longer duration of DM is a risk factor for AC. Whether T1DM or prolonged insulin use will increase the risk of AC is still controversial. Poor blood sugar control seems to increase the risk of AC. Recent studies also show a correlation between blood sugar levels and the prevalence of AC. Cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, VEGF, and AGEs, related to inflammation and fibrosis may contribute to the pathophysiological processes of AC. Conclusions: Recent research findings have revealed new perspectives divergent from past notions, while also presenting some topics worthy of exploration. Due the close relationship between DM and AC, clinicians need to be alert to the presence of AC, especially early stage, in DM cases, and control the blood glucose level to reduce the risk of AC. Further research is still needed to provide better prevention and management for DM patients with AC.
Long-Term Outcomes of Tension-Free Vaginal Tape Obturator: Efficacy and Safety at Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Braga Andrea , Papadia Andrea , Gamarra Elena , Caccia Giorgio , Campitiello Maria Rosaria , Torella Marco , Mesiano Giada , Fiorani Martina , Scancarello Chiara , Cimmino Chiara , Serati Maurizio
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: The use of tension-free vaginal tape obturator (TVT-O) for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has been widely debated over the last decade due to the lack of evidence on its long-term outcomes. The aim of this prospective study is to assess, for the first time in the available literature, the efficacy and safety of TVT-O implantation in women with pure SUI over a 17-year follow-up period. Methods: We included all women who complained of pure SUI symptoms (confirmed urodynamically) and underwent the TVT-O procedure. An objective cure was defined as the absence of urine leakage during the stress test, while subjective outcomes were assessed by means of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Short Form (ICIQ-SF), the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale, and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: A total of 70 patients who met the inclusion criteria underwent the TVT-O procedure. During the study period, no patients were lost to follow-up, and all women completed the last evaluation at the 17-year mark. At the 17-year mark of follow-up, 62 out of 70 patients (81.4%) were subjectively cured, and 56 out of 70 (80%) patients were objectively cured. These data do not reveal any significant variation in the surgical outcomes over the follow-up period. We recorded seven (10%) tape exposure (three occurred after 10 years and four after 17 years). Among these, one woman was symptomatic for dyspareunia and “hispareunia”. All patients with mesh exposure were treated with partial removal and re-suture of the vagina, but only one developed the recurrence of SUI that required a second treatment with a urethral bulking agent (UBA). In all other cases, women reported a complete resolution of symptoms without any worsening of the urinary continence. No significant bladder or urethral erosion was recorded. Conclusions: The 17-year evaluation of the TVT-O procedure has shown that it is a highly effective and safe option for the treatment of female SUI. Although there was an increased risk of tape exposure 17 years after implantation, no serious complications were reported, and no patient required the total removal of the sling.
Factors beyond Body Mass Index Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk among Children with Severe Obesity
Authors: Kostrzeba Ewa , Bik-Multanowski Mirosław , Brandt Stephanie , Małecka-Tendera Ewa , Mazur Artur , Ranke Michael B. , Wabitsch Martin , Wójcik Małgorzata , Zachurzok Agnieszka , Przestalska-Sowa Anna , Petriczko Elżbieta
Published: September 2024

Background: The increasing prevalence of severe obesity among children and adolescents poses a significant challenge for pediatricians and general practitioners. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between biochemical results, anthropometry, blood pressure measurements, and bioimpedance analysis (BIA)-derived parameters to identify potential cardiometabolic complications associated with severe obesity. Methods: This study included 347 children (162 boys, 185 girls) aged 0–19 years, meeting the criteria for severe obesity based on BMI thresholds for different age groups. The patients were recruited in four pediatric endocrinology centers in Poland (Zabrze, Cracow, Rzeszow, Szczecin). Each participant underwent anthropometric measurements, pubertal stage assessment, blood pressure measurement, biochemical and hormonal tests, and BIA. Results: BMI showed significant associations with fat mass percentage (FM%) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) but not waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The relationship between BMI and FM% was stronger in girls and prepubertal children. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) Z-score showed a strong positive correlation with BMI in the pubertal children. A negative correlation between HDL and triglycerides was observed only in the boys. The prepubertal children exhibited more significant correlations, despite a smaller sample size and shorter duration of obesity. Conclusions: Considering multiple parameters beyond BMI alone provides a better understanding of cardiometabolic risks associated with severe obesity in children. MetS Z-score was not a reliable indicator of increased cardiometabolic risk in younger children. Early-onset severe obesity was associated with a higher risk of metabolic complications. Early intervention is crucial to mitigate metabolic complications in this population.
An Analysis of the Use of Anesthetic Blocks versus Local Anesthesia Infiltration in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Surgery
Authors: Gomez Gomez Silvia , Segura Mata Julián C. , Alcalá Nalváiz José T. , García-Álvarez García Felicito , Marín Zaldívar Clara , Fernández de Gamarra Goiricelaya Amagoia
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyse the efficacy of using a combined infiltration between a popliteal artery and knee cap (IPACK) anaesthetic block and a selective saphenous nerve block compared to local infiltration with anaesthetic in knee replacement surgery. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. A total of 312 patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty in our hospital between January 2019 and December 2022 were reviewed. Local intra-articular anaesthesia was used in 207 patients and combined nerve block in 105 patients (IPACK group). The mean age in the LIA group was 72.9 years and 70.4 years in the IPACK group. There were 44% men in the LIA group and 53.3% in the IPACK group. The primary outcome was the presence of poorly controlled pain requiring rescue opioid analgesia in the postoperative period. Secondary outcomes included pain scores, range of motion and length of hospital stay. Results: There were no significant differences in the age or gender distribution of patients between the two groups. One patient treated with anaesthetic blocks required rescue analgesia with opioids, while in the LIA group this occurred in 28.5% of cases. There were statistically significant higher VAS scores in the LIA group (p < 0.001). Range of motion was slightly greater in the block group (4.6°, p < 0.05). There were significant differences in hospital stay (2.4 days in the blocks group and 2.8 days in the LIA group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In our series, patients treated with anaesthetic blocks showed better results with similar postoperative pain control. However, further studies are needed.
Efficacy of Photobiomodulation in the Management of Pain and Inflammation after Dental Implants: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Collado-Murcia Yolanda , Parra-Perez Francisco , López-Jornet Pia
Published: September 2024

Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive procedure used to manage pain and inflammation. The aim of this study is to quantitatively measure pain and inflammation and to compare the proposed PBM treatment with a simulated treatment (PBM-SHAM) in patients with dental implants. Materials and Methods: A total of 62 patients were included and randomized into two groups. Group 1 (PBM) consisted of 31 patients subjected to the insertion of dental implants and a single intraoral PBM session with an EPIC X Biolase (0.5 W and 15 J/cm²) diode laser. Group II (PBM-SHAM) included 31 patients subjected to dental implants and a simulated PBM. Each patient was given a document with visual analog scales (VASs) to record pain and inflammation during the 7 days post-surgery. The patients were assessed at the end of the week to remove the sutures, to collect the VASs, and to re-evaluate the surveys. Results: Through the use of mixed effects models, it was found that the length of time after the surgery and the number of implants placed during the intervention were important variables that had an influence on pain and inflammation. Conclusions: PBM is a non-invasive and safe treatment. Postoperative pain and inflammation associated with implant surgery decreased in a similar manner over time, independently of the application of PBM. Therefore, more randomized studies are needed with a standardized methodology to adequately assess the efficacy of this therapy.
Radioprotection Performance Evaluation of 3D-Printed and Conventional Heat-Cured Dental Resins for Radiotherapy Prostheses
Authors: Wang Jiangyu , Murase Mai , Sumita Yuka I. , Notake Ryoichi , Akiyama Masako , Yoshimura Ryoichi , Wakabayashi Noriyuki
Published: September 2024

3D printing is increasingly used in dentistry, with biocompatible resins playing a key role. This study compared the radioprotective properties of a commonly used 3D-printed resin (Formlabs surgical guide resin) with traditional heat-cured resin and examined the relationship between material thickness and radiation attenuation. The specimens consisted of 3D-printed and heat-cured resin specimens, each measuring 45 × 45 mm2, with five different thicknesses (6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 mm), totaling 100 samples. Both types of resin specimens underwent testing with 150 MU external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and 400 cGy brachytherapy. Radiation experiments indicated that under EBRT conditions, there were no significant differences in radiation attenuation between the 3D-printed and heat-cured resins across all thickness groups. In brachytherapy, the attenuation of the 3D-printed resin was significantly lower than the heat-cured resin in the 6 mm and 8 mm groups. Specifically, attenuation rates were 48.0 ± 0.7 (3D-printed) vs. 45.2 ± 1.9 (heat-cured) in the 6 mm group, and 39.6 ± 1.3 vs. 37.5 ± 1.1 in the 8 mm group. Both resins showed significant positive linear correlations between thickness and attenuation (p < 0.001) within 6–14 mm. Thus, 3D-printed resin shows promising radioprotective properties and is a viable alternative to traditional heat-cured resin.
Dynamic Optimal Obstacle Avoidance Control of AUV Formation Based on MLoTFWA Algorithm
Authors: Li Juan , Sun Donghao , Wu Di , Zhang Huadong
Published: September 2024

In addressing the optimal formation obstacle avoidance control problem for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) in environments with unknown and moving obstacles, this paper employs the Modified Fireworks Algorithm based on a Loser Elimination Mechanism (MLoTFWA) and constructs a Distributed Model Predictive Control (DMPC) framework to achieve obstacle avoidance for AUV formations. Initially, a prediction model is established, followed by feedback compensation to mitigate the effects of unknown perturbations. An appropriate fitness function is then formulated, and enhancements such as the loser elimination rule are introduced to optimize the fireworks algorithm. Additionally, the concept of an adaptive DMPC prediction window is proposed to conserve resources. The local and global stability of the DMPC formation control framework is theoretically proven. Simulations verify that the control system based on the DMPC framework ensures safe obstacle avoidance for the formation, maintains formation consistency, and achieves the shortest and smoothest path. The improved fireworks algorithm demonstrates superior performance compared with the original fireworks algorithm and other optimization algorithms. In testing, the improved fireworks algorithm exhibits better adaptability, higher average fitness, and best fitness, along with a significantly faster convergence speed. Compared with the ordinary fireworks algorithm, the convergence speed is reduced by 30%.
Ship Chain Navigation Co-Scheduling of Three Gorges-Gezhouba Dam under Serial-Lock Scenario
Authors: Tian Hongwei , Zheng Qianqian , Zhang Yu , He Lijun , Liu Shun , Li Ran
Published: September 2024

Motivated by the operational scenarios of lock scheduling, we propose a serial-lock chain navigation problem (SLCNP) modeled on the Three Gorges-Gezhouba Dam (TGGD) for the first time. Ship grouping, synchronized moving, and grouped waiting operations are integrated into the ship navigation process. A mixed integer programming (MIP) model that incorporates real-world constraints such as ship priority, service fairness, traffic flow equilibrium, and phased ship placement is presented to optimize ship throughput and ship stay time. To solve the SLCNP, a sort-pick strategy-based swarm intelligence algorithm (SPSSIA) framework is developed that integrates the characteristics of SLCNP through a hybrid multi-section encoding method and a two-stage heuristic decoding approach. A swarm intelligence evolution mechanism is used to improve the search ability and robustness of the framework. Several instances are generated based on real data to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the model and algorithm. Computational results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed SPSSIA. Further analysis of the experimental results indicates that the key impact factors significantly influence the navigational performance of the TGGD system. The results of this study will provide practical guidance for the operational processes of inland river hubs with comparable characteristics.
Evaluating Generative AI’s Ability to Identify Cancer Subtypes in Publicly Available Structured Genetic Datasets
Authors: Hillis Ethan , Bhattarai Kriti , Abrams Zachary
Published: September 2024

Background: Genetic data play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating various diseases, reflecting a growing imperative to integrate these data into clinical care. However, significant barriers such as the structure of electronic health records (EHRs), insurance costs for genetic testing, and the interpretability of genetic results impede this integration. Methods: This paper explores solutions to these challenges by combining recent technological advances with informatics and data science, focusing on the diagnostic potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in cancer research. AI has historically been applied in medical research with limited success, but recent developments have led to the emergence of large language models (LLMs). These transformer-based generative AI models, trained on vast datasets, offer significant potential for genetic and genomic analyses. However, their effectiveness is constrained by their training on predominantly human-written text rather than comprehensive, structured genetic datasets. Results: This study reevaluates the capabilities of LLMs, specifically GPT models, in performing supervised prediction tasks using structured gene expression data. By comparing GPT models with traditional machine learning approaches, we assess their effectiveness in predicting cancer subtypes, demonstrating the potential of AI models to analyze real-world genetic data for generating real-world evidence.
Does Board Gender Diversity Influence SDGs Disclosure? Insight from Top 15 JSE-Listed Mining Companies
Authors: Denhere Varaidzo
Published: September 2024

An assessment was made halfway into the sustainable development goals (SDGs) agenda period, and the findings indicated a slower than anticipated pace towards the implementation of the SDGs agenda. One of the possible causes of the slower pace is a lack of strong governance mechanisms such as gender diversity, sustainability committees, and board sustainability experience in institutions. The study sought to investigate the influence of board gender diversity on SDGs disclosure amongst the top 15 JSE-listed mining companies in light of their contribution towards the attainment of this global agenda. Mining in South Africa affects about nine percent of the country’s population. The study was anchored on the agency and the stakeholder theories. This is quantitative research which employed a keyword search to measure SDGs disclosure in the annual integrated reports for the sampled companies from 2019 to 2023. The study hypothesised that there is a significant positive relationship between a female-dominated board and SDGs disclosure in the sampled companies. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, as well as regression analysis were employed. The results established a lack of significant evidence of a positive or negative relationship between gender diversity and SDGs disclosure, a significant positive relationship between board size and SDGs disclosure, and no relationship between board independence and SDGs disclosure in the sampled mining companies. It was concluded that board gender diversity in corporate boards in the top 15 JSE-listed mining companies has no impact on the SDGs disclosure. The study recommends including more moderating factors and conducting more empirical studies towards the attainment of conclusive results in this space.
Advanced Data Augmentation Techniques for Enhanced Fault Diagnosis in Industrial Centrifugal Pumps
Authors: Kim Dong-Yun , Kareem Akeem Bayo , Domingo Daryl , Shin Baek-Cheon , Hur Jang-Wook
Published: September 2024

This study presents an advanced data augmentation framework to enhance fault diagnostics in industrial centrifugal pumps using vibration data. The proposed framework addresses the challenge of insufficient defect data in industrial settings by integrating traditional augmentation techniques, such as Gaussian noise (GN) and signal stretching (SS), with advanced models, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Autoencoders (AE), and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Our approach significantly improves the robustness and accuracy of machine learning (ML) models for fault detection and classification. Key findings demonstrate a marked reduction in false positives and a substantial increase in fault detection rates, particularly in complex operational scenarios where traditional statistical methods may fall short. The experimental results underscore the effectiveness of combining these augmentation techniques, achieving up to a 30% improvement in fault detection accuracy and a 25% reduction in false positives compared to baseline models. These improvements highlight the practical value of the proposed framework in ensuring reliable operation and the predictive maintenance of centrifugal pumps in diverse industrial environments.
Identifying Regulatory Barriers in the Management of Ecological Corridors in an Increasingly Congested Space
Authors: Rotem-Mindali Orit , Katzir Noam , Perez Oren
Published: September 2024

Ecological corridors are essential in facilitating the movement and dispersal of flora and fauna between separate and often isolated habitat patches. In recent years, Israel has confronted significant challenges due to the rapid pace of construction, driven in part by exceptional population growth that sets it apart on the global demographic stage. This accelerated development creates an unprecedented long-term impact on ecosystems. A key obstacle to maintaining ecological corridors is the Israeli government’s decision to construct thousands of housing units using expedited plans that circumvent standard planning processes. Such projects significantly impact these corridors, given that approximately 16% of their designated areas overlap with ecological corridors. This raises two pressing questions: Can the existing ecological corridors endure these changes and remain functional, or does the role of ecological corridors need to be redefined due to increasing urban development? What are the necessary institutional frameworks required to effectively manage these corridors in an environment that is becoming progressively denser? The research focuses on two case studies in the densely populated Central District in Israel, encompassing both local and regional ecological corridors. The regulatory assessment will point out key stakeholders, identify potential threats to the corridors, and explore existing regulatory mechanisms for planning and managing these corridors.
The Impact of Fly Ash on the Properties of Cementitious Materials Based on Slag-Steel Slag-Gypsum Solid Waste
Authors: Wang Fei , Du Huihui , Zheng Zhong , Xu Dong , Wang Ying , Li Ning , Ni Wen , Ren Chao
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a novel low-carbon binder formulated from fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag, and desulfurization gypsum as a quaternary solid waste-based material. It specifically examines the influence of FA content on the mechanical properties and hydration reactions of the quaternary solid waste-based binder. The mortar test results indicate that the optimal FA content is 10%, which yields a 28-day compressive strength 11.28% higher than that of the control group without FA. The spherical particles of fly ash reduce the overall water demand and provide a “lubricating” effect to the paste due to their continuous gradation, improving the fluidity of the slag-steel slag-gypsum cementitious materials. The micro test results indicate that fly ash has minimal effect on the early hydration products and process of the solid waste-based cementitious materials, but after 7 days, it continuously dissolves silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons or aluminum-oxygen tetrahedrons, consuming Ca2+ and OH− in the system. After 28 days, the amount of ettringite and C-(A)-S-H gel generated increases significantly. The pozzolanic activity of fly ash is mainly stimulated by the Ca(OH)2 from steel slag in the later hydration stage. Additionally, spherical fly ash particles can fill the voids in the hardened paste, reducing the formation of cracks and weak zones, and thereby contributing to a denser overall structure of the hydrated binder. The findings of this paper provide data support for the development of low-carbon cement-free binders using fly ash in conjunction with metallurgical slags, thereby contributing to the low-carbon advancement of the construction materials industry.
Recent Progress in Laser Powder Bed Fusions Processes of Advanced High-Strength Steels
Authors: Królicka Aleksandra , Malawska Julia
Published: September 2024

This review is focused on the perspectives of the application of Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSSs) in the field of additive technologies directed at the laser powder bed fusion/selective laser melting processes. In principle, AHSSs require significant attention due to their promising mechanical properties for usage in the automotive industry towards reducing the weight of vehicles. Although additive manufacturing represents a promising perspective towards expanding the industrialization of AHSSs in a wider area of their applications, they have not been sufficiently investigated concerning their usage in LPBF/SLM processes. AM techniques enable the fabrication of complex machine parts, including those with a cellular structure, which can contribute to further reducing the weight of vehicles or structures. Maraging steels have recently attracted the attention of researchers, and today are a common grade of steel produced by LPBF techniques. The other group of AHSSs are high-Mn steels with an austenitic matrix characterized by the TRIP and TWIP effects. Less published research has been conducted on medium-Mn steels, which require additional intercritical annealing and preheating during printing. Moreover, the advanced bainitic steels and low-density, high-strength steels represent a new window for further research into the use of the LPBF processes for their fabrication.
The Effect of Powder Reuse on Electron Beam Melting for Biomedical Implants
Authors: Mundayadan Chandroth Akshay , Giraldo-Osorno Paula Milena , Nyborg Lars , Palmquist Anders , Cao Yu
Published: September 2024

The ability of additive manufacturing to generate intricate structures has led to its popularity and widespread use in a variety of applications, ranging from the production of biomedical implants to aircraft components. Additive manufacturing techniques can overcome the limitations of the traditional manufacturing methods to create complex near-net-form structures. A vast array of clinical applications effectively employ Ti-6Al-4V as a biomaterial. The evolution of additive manufacturing has accelerated the development of patient-specific implants. The surface characteristics play a critical role in tissue healing and adaptation to implants. The present research set out to examine the effects of powder recycling with respect to the powder itself and the surface properties resulting from the electron beam melting (EBM) of the implant material. The printed implants, as well as the powder samples, underwent morphological, surface chemistry, and microstructure analyses. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated with THP-1 macrophages. The overall microstructure of the implant samples showed little variation in terms of powder recycling based on the results. Higher oxygen levels were found in the solid and lattice sections of those implants manufactured with batches of recycled powder, along with marginally better cell viability. This emphasizes how crucial powder quality is to the process of additive manufacturing.
Boosting Zn2+ Storage Kinetics by K-Doping of Sodium Vanadate for Zinc-Ion Batteries
Authors: Jia Mengting , Jin Chen , Yu Jiamin , Li Shaohui
Published: September 2024

Na5V12O32 is an attractive cathode candidate for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) by virtue of its low-cost and high specific capacity (>300 mAh g−1). However, its intrinsically inferior electronic conductivity and structural instability result in an unfavorable rate performance and cyclability. Herein, K-doped Na5V12O32 (KNVO) was developed to promote its ionic/electronic migration, and thus enhance the Zn2+ storage capability. The as-produced KNVO displays a superior capacity of 353.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and an excellent retentive capacity of 231.8 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1. Even under a high mass of 5.3 mg cm−2, the KNVO cathode can still maintain a capacity of 220.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and outstanding cyclability without apparent capacity decay after 2000 cycles. In addition, the Zn2+ storage kinetics of the KNVO cathode is investigated through multiple analyses.
Design and Characterization of an Antimicrobial Biocomposite for Wound Dressings
Authors: Becerril-Serna Leslie , Aguilar-Uscanga Blanca Rosa , Flores-Soto Mario , Solís-Pacheco Josué Raymundo , Cisneros-López Erick Omar
Published: September 2024

Skin wounds, due to their high vulnerability to infections, represent a significant public health issue. These wounds are not only disabling but also entail costly treatments and slow recovery. Consequently, it is crucial to implement new treatments based on bioactive and natural antimicrobial compounds utilizing fibers, polymers, hydrocolloids, and hydrogels to control potential infections and promote wound healing. This study aimed to develop a biocomposite with antimicrobial activity for the treatment of skin wounds, using sodium alginate, bamboo fiber, and a natural antimicrobial as ingredients. The physico-mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, moisture absorption, and water vapor permeability) and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus hominis were determined. The results demonstrated that the designed biocomposite possesses adequate physico-mechanical properties, such as flexibility, strength, and water absorption capacity, in addition to exhibiting antibacterial activity, making it suitable to be used as a dressing in wound treatment.
SwinDenoising: A Local and Global Feature Fusion Algorithm for Infrared Image Denoising
Authors: Wu Wenhao , Dong Xiaoqing , Li Ruihao , Chen Hongcai , Cheng Lianglun
Published: September 2024

Infrared image denoising is a critical task in various applications, yet existing methods often struggle with preserving fine details and managing complex noise patterns, particularly under high noise levels. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel denoising method based on the Swin Transformer architecture, named SwinDenoising. This method leverages the powerful feature extraction capabilities of Swin Transformers to capture both local and global image features, thereby enhancing the denoising process. The proposed SwinDenoising method was tested on the FLIR and KAIST infrared image datasets, where it demonstrated superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. Specifically, SwinDenoising achieved a PSNR improvement of up to 2.5 dB and an SSIM increase of 0.04 under high levels of Gaussian noise (50 dB), and a PSNR increase of 2.0 dB with an SSIM improvement of 0.03 under Poisson noise (λ = 100). These results highlight the method’s effectiveness in maintaining image quality while significantly reducing noise, making it a robust solution for infrared image denoising.
A Study on Enhancing Axial Flux Motor Efficiency Using Cladding Core Technology
Authors: Park Seung-Woo , Moon Ju-Hyeong , Kang Dong-Woo , Su Khac-Huan
Published: September 2024

With the rise of eco-friendly policies, advanced motor technologies are being developed to replace fossil fuel-based engines in the mobility industry. Axial flux motors, known for their ability to reduce size and increase output torque compared to radial flux motors, require different materials and manufacturing techniques. Specifically, the production of complex stator cores and segmented magnets presents significant challenges, often leading to higher costs. To address this issue, soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials, which offer greater design flexibility, are being explored for use in stator cores. However, soft magnetic composite materials exhibit lower permeability and saturation flux density compared to laminated silicon steel, resulting in reduced output torque and efficiency. This paper investigates the effects of stator geometry on axial flux motor performance and explores cladding core technology, which combines soft magnetic composite materials with silicon steel. By conducting finite element method (FEM) analysis to evaluate the output torque and efficiency based on the shape of the silicon steel within the cladding core, this study proposes an optimized cladding core design to enhance the efficiency and output torque of axial flux motors.
Solution-Processed CsPbBr3 Perovskite Photodetectors for Cost-Efficient Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System
Authors: Wei Jiakang , Deng Yutong , Fei Jianjian , Yang Tian , Chen Pinhao , Zhu Lu , Huang Zhanfeng
Published: September 2024

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has attracted increasing attention due to its advantages in bandwidth, latency, interference resistance, and security. Photodetectors, as a crucial part of receivers, have been continuously developed with the great progress that has been made in advanced materials. Metal halide perovskites emerging as promising optoelectronic materials in the past decade have been used to fabricate various high-performance photodetectors. In this work, high-performance CsPbBr3 perovskite PDs were realized via solution process, with low noise, a high responsivity, and a fast response. Based on these perovskite PDs, a cost-efficient UWOC system was successfully demonstrated on an FPGA platform, achieving a data rate of 6.25 Mbps with a low bit error rate of 0.36%. Due to lower background noise under environment illumination, perovskite PDs exhibit better communication stability before reaching a data rate threshold; however, the BER increases rapidly due to the long fall time, resulting in difficulty in distinguishing switching signals. Reducing the fall time of perovskite PDs and using advanced coding techniques can help to further improve the performance of the UWOC system based on perovskite PDs. This work not only demonstrates the potential of perovskite PDs in the application of UWOC, but also improves the development of a cost-effective UWOC system based on FPGAs.
Endophytic Bacterial Biofilm-Formers Associated with Antarctic Vascular Plants
Authors: Iungin Olga , Prekrasna-Kviatkovska Yevheniia , Kalinichenko Oleksandr , Moshynets Olena , Potters Geert , Sidorenko Marina , Savchuk Yaroslav , Mickevičius Saulius
Published: September 2024

Deschampsia antarctica and Colobantus quitensis are the only two vascular plants colonized on the Antarctic continent, which is usually exposed to extreme environments. Endophytic bacteria residing within plant tissues can exhibit diverse adaptations that contribute to their ecological success and potential benefits for their plant hosts. This study aimed to characterize 12 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from these plants, focusing on their ecological adaptations and functional roles like plant growth promotion, antifungal activities, tolerance to salt and low-carbon environments, wide temperature range, and biofilm formation. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we identified several strains, including novel species like Hafnia and Agreia. Many strains exhibited nitrogen-fixing ability, phosphate solubilization, ammonia, and IAA production, potentially benefiting their hosts. Additionally, halotolerance and carbon oligotrophy were also shown by studied bacteria. While some Antarctic bacteria remain strictly psychrophilic, others demonstrate a remarkable ability to tolerate a wider range of temperatures, suggesting that they have acquired mechanisms to cope with fluctuations in environmental temperature and developed adaptations to survive in intermediate hosts like mammals and/or birds. Such adaptations and high plasticity of metabolism of Antarctic endophytic bacteria provide a foundation for research and development of new promising products or mechanisms for use in agriculture and technology.