bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why U.S. Immigration Matters for the Global Advancement of Science
Authors: Agarwal Ruchir , Ganguli Ina , Gaulé Patrick , Smith Geoff
Published: April 2021

This paper studies the impact of U.S. immigration barriers on global knowledge production. We present four key findings. First, among Nobel Prize winners and Fields Medalists, migrants to the U.S. play a central role in the global knowledge network—representing 20-33% of the frontier knowledge producers. Second, using novel survey data and hand-curated life-histories of International Math Olympiad (IMO) medalists, we show that migrants to the U.S. are up to six times more productive than migrants to other countries—even after accounting for talent during one’s teenage years. Third, financing costs are a key factor preventing foreign talent from migrating abroad to pursue their dream careers, particularly for talent from developing countries. Fourth, certain ‘push’ incentives that reduce immigration barriers—by addressing financing constraints for top foreign talent—could increase the global scientific output of future cohorts by 42 percent. We concludeby discussing policy options for the U.S. and the global scientific community.
India’s Approach to Open Banking
Authors: Carriere-Swallow Yan , Haksar Vikram , Patnam Manasa
Published: April 2021

We examine how the development of the digital infrastructure known as the “India Stack”—including an interoperable payments system, a universal digital ID, and other features—is delivering on the government’s objective to expand the provision of financial services. While each individual component of the India Stack is important, we argue that its key overarching feature is a foundational approach of providing extensive public infrastructures and standards that generates important synergies across the layers of the Stack. Until recently, a large share of India’s population lacked access to formal banking services and was largely reliant on cash for financial transactions. The expansion of mobile-based financial services that enable simple and convenient ways to save and conduct financial transactions has provided a novel alternative for expanding the financial net. The Stack’s improved digital infrastructures have already allowed for a rapid increase in the use of digital payments and the entry of a range of competitors including fintech and bigtech firms.
Malaysia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: April 2021

Malaysia entered the pandemic from a robust economic position but has nonetheless been significantly affected. A synchronous fiscal, monetary and financial policy response has helped cushion the economic impact. As a result, after a deep recession in 2020, and assuming the pandemic is brought under control in Malaysia and globally, growth would rebound to 6.5 percent in 2021 as supply side constraints are lifted and domestic and external demand recover. Large downside risks will remain.
Republic of Korea
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: April 2021

Selected Issues
Does climate change affect the chronobiological trends
in the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome?
Authors: Kuźma Łukasz , Kurasz Anna , Niwińska Marta , Zalewska-Adamiec Małgorzata , Bachórzewska-Gajewska Hanna , Dobrzycki Slawomir
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are the leading cause of death
all over the world. In the last years, the chronobiology of their occurrence
has been changing.

Material and methods

Medical records of 10,529 patients hospitalized for
ACS in the Medical University of Bialystok, in 2008–2017, were examined.
Weather conditions data for Bialystok County were obtained from the Institute of Meteorology.

Results

: The highest seasonal mean for ACS was recorded in spring (OR = 1.08,
95% CI: 1.00–1.18, p = 0.049) and it was the season with the largest temperature changes from day to day (∆ temp. = 11.01). On the other hand, every
10ºC change in temperature was associated with increased admission due to
ACS by 13% (RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.040–1.300, p = 0.008) and 12% in patients
over 70 (RR = 1.118, 95% CI: 1.001–1.249, p = 0.048, lag 1). Analysis of weekly
changes showed that the highest frequency of ACS occurred on Thursday
(OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05–1.28, p = 0.003), while in the STEMI subgroup it
was Monday (n = 592, mean = 0.94, SD = 1.04, OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07–1.36,
p = 0.003). Sunday was associated with decreased admissions due to all
types of ACS (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.63–0.77, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Weather conditions have an impact on ACS frequency and
the elderly are more susceptible. We observed a shift in the seasonal peak
of ACS occurrence from winter to spring which may be related to temperature fluctuations associated with climate change in this season. The lowest
frequency of ACS took place on weekends.
Trans and Genderqueer Subjects in Medieval Hagiography
Authors: Spencer-Hall Alicia , Gutt Blake , Newman Martha G. , McLoughlin Caitlyn , Elphick Kevin C. A. , Szabo Felix , Sexon Sophie , Wright Vanessa , Colwill Lee , Ogden Amy V. , Bychowski Gabrielle M. W. , van Dijk Mathilde
Published: April 2021

Trans and Genderqueer Subjects in Medieval Hagiography presents an interdisciplinary examination of trans and genderqueer subjects in medieval hagiography. Scholarship has productively combined analysis of medieval literary texts with modern queer theory – yet, too often, questions of gender are explored almost exclusively through a prism of sexuality, rather than gender identity. This volume moves beyond such limitations, foregrounding the richness of hagiography as a genre integrally resistant to limiting binaristic categories, including rigid gender binaries. The collection showcases scholarship by emerging trans and genderqueer authors, as well as the work of established researchers. Working at the vanguard of historical trans studies, these scholars demonstrate the vital and vitally political nature of their work as medievalists. Trans and Genderqueer Subjects in Medieval Hagiography enables the re-creation of a lineage linking modern trans and genderqueer individuals to their medieval ancestors, providing models of queer identity where much scholarship has insisted there were none, and re-establishing the place of non-normative gender in history.
Assigned Female at Death
Authors: Newman Martha G.
Published: April 2021

Sometime after 1188, Engelhard of Langheim composed a story about a
Cistercian monk named Joseph. Engelhard insisted Joseph was a woman,
but he also undercut normative assumptions to display gender fluidities
for which he lacked a conceptual vocabulary. He preserved a binary gender
system that controlled the dangers of a woman in a male monastery. Yet
his willingness to ventriloquize Joseph’s male voice presents a Joseph
who, with God’s help, successfully performed his male trans identity,
while his depiction of Joseph’s death suggests Joseph’s soul miraculously
became female after he died. Engelhard did not explicitly acknowledge
either possibility, but in a world in which the miraculous could break
naturalized categories, both transitions remain beneath the surface of
his tale.
Juana de la Cruz
Authors: Elphick Kevin C.A.
Published: April 2021

Interest in Mother Juana de la Cruz (1481-1534) has increased since the
publication of her sermons in 1999 by Inocente García de Andrés and
the re-opening of her cause for canonization by the Vatican in 2015. As
a woman preaching sermons during the Inquisition, Mother Juana is
a highly unusual figure, all the more so given that gender liminality
pervades her thought. Gender fluidity is also a theme in her personal
biography. This chapter examines gender liminality in her Vida and in
her sermon on the Annunciation. Where gender liminality might seem
novel and untraditional, Juana’s use of this theme is contextualized and
shown to be contiguous both with earlier hagiographic sources and with
her professed Franciscan heritage.
Illuminating Queer Gender Identity in the Manuscripts of the Vie de sainte Eufrosine
Authors: Wright Vanessa
Published: April 2021

This chapter analyses the visual representations of the Vie de sainte
Eufrosine in three fourteenth-century Parisian manuscripts. It questions
how two medieval artists, the Maubeuge Master and the Fauvel Master,
approached illustrating the text’s protagonist St Eufrosine/Esmarade, a
figure assigned female at birth who lives most of their life as a eunuch
in a monastic community. This chapter examines the artists’ depiction
of St Eufrosine/Esmarade in three manuscript miniatures, comparing
how the artists used signifiers of gender and identity in their portrayals
of the saint and other figures to reveal the extent to which the artists
represented the saint’s queer gender visually.
The Queerly Departed
Authors: Colwill Lee
Published: April 2021

This chapter explores four remarkable burials in Late Iron Age
Scandinavia, looking beyond the static scene uncovered at the point
of excavation to the funerary processes that created the sites. The
majority of the graves discussed here have been associated with the
magico-religious practice of seiðr; the chapter therefore also explores
the evidence for connecting this practice with transgressive gender
performances, taking into account the problematic literary evidence as
well as the difficulty in interpreting the archaeological material. Based
on an analysis of these burials, the chapter argues that an approach to
gender archaeology which moves beyond assumptions of a fixed binary
inherent to the physical body can only enrich our understanding of
the past.
The Authentic Lives of Transgender Saints
Authors: Bychowski M.W.
Published: April 2021

In this chapter, the author unpacks an entry in Magnus Hirschfeld’s Transvestites
(1910) on the Life of St Marinos the Monk to argue that his theories
of the soul may be useful to flip the understanding of medieval trans
saints from a frame of cisgender artifice, fears and desires to the frame
of authenticity. In the process, the tradition of describing the subjects
of these hagiographies as ‘transvestite’ saints is thoroughly critiqued
by critically historicizing and reclaiming the term. Imago transvesti
and imitatio transvesti are proposed as theoretical lenses that combine
the medieval discourses of imago Dei and imitatio Christi with insights
from trans studies in order to improve our understanding of medieval
transgender saints.
Negotiating the Pleasure of Glass : Production, Consumption, and Affective Regimes in Renaissance Venice
Authors: Burkart Lucas
Published: April 2021

Since the Renaissance, glass has been associated with Venice like no other material.
It represents a local industry and its international prestige. While research has
mostly focused on high-end products, this chapter takes a broader approach. It
illuminates the entire spectrum of glass production and its significance for the
economy and trade of Renaissance Venice. It investigates how glass as a material
affected the society of Renaissance Venice. In general, the low price of glass made
it in general affordable to growing social groups and its distinct malleability
allowed them to participate in the formal and aesthetic ideals of the Renaissance.
Given the industry’s economic and trading importance, glass was ubiquitous in
Venice; diverse professional and social groups were engaged in it, generated a
shared sense for the material and developed a nuanced lexicon that was used in
social, cultural, and religious debates. In material, pictorial as well as literary form
glass and its material features served to establish affective regimes that served
to navigate through an increasing material world and contemporarily shape a
community’s identity.
Making Featherwork in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Hanß Stefan
Published: April 2021

This chapter charts the unknown history of early modern European featherworking
and its relationship with the world of matter and making. Focusing on featherworkers’
activities in Antwerp, Brussels, Dresden, Leipzig, London, Madrid, Milan,
Nuremberg, Paris, Prague, Stuttgart, Turin, and Venice between 1500 and 1800, I
study the people, production, networks, materials, techniques, and products of this
largely forgotten craft. Over the course of these centuries, artisans developed their
initial engagements with feathers from a culture of making to an entrepreneurial
culture of decorum. These European artisans’ forms of material engagement, I
argue, engendered feathers’ affective atmospheres. The craft of featherworking
affected the material translation of aesthetics since the application of complex
techniques helped to perform the material properties of feathers.
Contamination | Purification
Authors: Jones Caroline A. , Koerner Joseph Leo
Published: April 2021

Semantically, contamination is a process of defilement, while purity is a condition.
This chapter takes up anthropology’s interest in process to inquire about
purification itself as an historical production. It comments on the recent ‘material
turn’ in art history and the humanities more generally. Linked to drives toward
purity, grounded ‘material’ was asserted by the Fascists in contradistinction to
ethereal abstraction, craft claimed over concept, and rooted contact with soil
privileged over nomadic cosmopolitans. Likewise, linked to contamination,
‘base material’ was asserted against the modernist art world to contest fetishes
of purity. While contemporary invocations of material have been a good way of
disputing teleology, this chapter demonstrates they often are agnostic regarding
narratives they might be made to serve.
The Movement for Global Mental Health
Authors: Sax William , Lang Claudia , Breckenridge Jhilmil , Das Anindya , Ecks Stefan , Halliburton Murphy , Hornbacher Annette , Mukharji Projit , Naraindas Harish , Quack Johannes , Mohan Rao
Published: April 2021

In The Movement for Global Mental Health: Critical Views from South and Southeast Asia, prominent anthropologists, public health physicians, and psychiatrists respond sympathetically but critically to the Movement for Global Mental Health (MGMH). They question some of its fundamental assumptions: the idea that "mental disorders" can clearly be identified; that they are primarily of biological origin; that the world is currently facing an "epidemic" of them; that the most appropriate treatments for them normally involve psycho-pharmaceutical drugs; and that local or indigenous therapies are of little interest or importance for treating them. The contributors argue that, on the contrary, defining "mental disorders" is difficult and culturally variable; that social and biographical factors are often important causes of them; that the "epidemic" of mental disorders may be an effect of new ways of measuring them; and that the countries of South and Southeast Asia have abundant, though non-psychiatric, resources for dealing with them. In short, they advocate a thoroughgoing mental health pluralism.
Schizoid Balinese?
Authors: Hornbacher Annette
Published: April 2021

This contribution explores “schizophrenia” as a contested Western discourse
fluctuating between biomedical naturalism and anti-psychiatric
cultural relativism. Although the latter was seen as an epistemic counterweight
to, and critique of, a modern Western paradigm of normality,
I argue that this alternative is couched in a Eurocentric ideology about
radical alterity that ignores local interpretations along with practices of
social reintegration. I will elucidate this in view of Mead’s and Bateson’s
interpretation of the allegedly “schizoid” Balinese and its entanglement
with the anti-psychiatric movement, which I will contrast with my
fieldwork in Bali that illustrates how deviant behaviour and dissociation
are integrated in social life via local interpretations and ritual practices.
Jinns and the Proletarian Mumin Subject
Authors: Mukharji Projit Bihari
Published: April 2021

This article describes an epidemic of jinn attacks on schoolchildren in
contemporary Bangladesh. It explores the ways in which the psychiatric
and state health establishment of the country has repeatedly labelled
these outbreaks ‘mass psychogenic illness’ and dismissed the widespread
local use of kobirajes in these cases. By exploring strategies through which
the biomedical establishment has, notwithstanding its own failure to
understand or treat these outbreaks, sought to assert the authority of its
own frameworks and discredit jinn-based frameworks, I argue that we can
glimpse deeper differences between how the two competing frameworks
conceptualise the subject of suffering.
The House of Love and the Mental Hospital
Authors: Halliburton Murphy
Published: April 2021

The Movement for Global Mental Health has defined the person suffering
psychopathology in low-income countries as an abused and suffering
subject in need of saving by biomedical psychiatry. Based on fieldwork in
Kerala, South India, carried out at psychiatric clinics and a psychosocial
rehabilitation centre, this paper examines patients’ experiences of illness,
the degree and quality of family support, and attributions made to the
role of ‘sneham’, or love, in recovery. The role of love and family involvement
may help explain the provocative finding by WHO epidemiological
studies that ‘developing’ countries – and India in particular – showed
better rates of recovery from severe mental illness when compared to
developed countries.
The People’s Patrimony: Defining Historical Value
Authors: Rennie Kriston R.
Published: April 2021

In the contemporary world of nineteenth- and twentieth-century politics,
Monte Cassino’s patrimony passed from the monks of the abbey to the
sovereign nation state; as ideological claims over the abbey’s (universal)
heritage became more pronounced with the threat of imminent disaster,
however, its heirs became the wider world. Recognition of its value became
formalised as external interest in its preservation increased; as an object
deemed worthy of protection, the abbey came to signify not only a united
Europe, but an emblem of Western civilisation. This chapter traces the
development of this idea, paying particular attention to its emergence
and uniqueness in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It argues for
Monte Cassino’s role in this era as an etic symbol of continuity capable of
transcending national and international borders – an order of ideas whose
interrogation reveals a process of consecration and institutionalisation.
Prologue: The Oak Tree
Authors: Rennie Kriston R.
Published: April 2021

This prologue introduces the book’s main themes and arguments. It poses
and contextualises the central questions underpinning this historical
investigation into Monte Cassino’s ‘destruction tradition’ over 1,400 years.
To this end, it proposes a conceptual model through which to examine
the abbey’s long historical tradition and representation of death and
resurrection, destruction and recovery.
Dampak Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh terhadap Tingkat Stres dan Kecemasan Mahasiswa selama Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Fauziyyah Rifa , Awinda Rinka Citra , Besral Besral
Published: April 2021

WHO telah menyatakan bahwa COVID-19 sebagai pandemi global, untuk mencegah penyebarannya maka kegiatan akademis di Indonesia dialihkan menjadi metode pembelajaran jarak jauh. Perubahan ini mengakibatkan mahasiswa harus beradaptasi dengan metode baru dan salah satu dampak dari hal tersebut adalah munculnya masalah kesehatan mental seperti stres dan kecemasan pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan adanya peningkatan stres dan kecemasan pada mahasiswa sebagai dampak pembelajaran jarak jauh selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka dari jurnal nasional dan internasional yang meneliti tentang pengaruh pandemi COVID-19 terhadap stres dan kecemasan yang dialami mahasiswa. Penelusuran jurnal ini menggunakan database Google Scholar, ResearchGate, dan Pubmed. Hasil  penelitian dari 10 jurnal menunjukkan peningkatan stres dan kecemasan yang dialami mahasiswa selama pandemi COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor. Angka stres pada mahasiswa di Indonesia selama perkuliahan jarak jauh rata-rata sebesar 55,1%, sedangkan pada mahasiswa di luar Indonesia sebesar 66,3%. Angka kecemasan mahasiswa di Indonesia selama perkuliahan jarak jauh rata-rata sebesar 40%, sedangkan pada mahasiswa di luar Indonesia sebesar 57,2%. Sebagai saran, beberapa upaya dapat dilakukan seperti olahraga atau aktivitas fisik, istirahat yang cukup, melakukan hobi, sosialisasi secara virtual serta menerapkan lingkungan yang sehat baik secara fisik maupun psikologis untuk mengurangi stres dan kecemasan.
DERECHOS LINGÜÍSTICOS Y POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Valer Bellota Pavel H.
Published: April 2021

La Organización de las Naciones Unidas ha declarado el 2019, y los años 2022-2032, como año y decenio internacional de las lenguas indígenas. Un acto trascendental de la comunidad internacional que busca llamar la atención acerca de la grave y lamentable pérdida de la diversidad cultural y lingüística. El llamado de la comunidad internacional asume especial importancia en las condiciones actuales de la diversidad lingüística de los Estados postcoloniales. La colonización de América inauguró el proceso de la desaparición de las lenguas del mundo, un proceso largo que ha desembocado en un escenario desastroso.
EL DERECHO HUMANO A LA RESISTENCIA LINGÜÍSTICA
Authors: Moncada Acosta Alicia
Published: April 2021

Las lenguas han sido históricamente targets (objetivos) de cualquier sistema que quiera imponerse y generar hegemonía cultural. Es por ello que -en el continente americano- desde los inicios del régimen colonial, las lenguas indígenas fueron objeto de persecución y supresión, situación que no se mitigó con la constitución de los estados nacionales. Precisamente porque las lenguas son rocas fundacionales de la etnicidad, ha sido primordial para los pueblos indígenas protegerlas de las arremetidas de proyectos asimilacionistas y etnocidas, siendo la reivindicación de los derechos lingüísticos una herramienta provechosa para tal fin. La intención de este trabajo es presentar una revisión de los estándares internacionales construidos en materia de protección cultural y lingüística, en aras de exponer la utilidad del discurso y estándares de derechos humanos para la resistencia y supervivencia lingüística de los pueblos indígenas.
LOS DISCURSOS DEL ODIO: LENGUAJE Y RACISMO EN EL CUSCO
Authors: Solís Mora José
Published: April 2021

Este artículo analiza como el racismo se construye con matices propios a partir de los hechos históricos nacionales en la ciudad de Cusco. En cada proceso, en el Perú y especialmente el Cusco, las personas hemos sido “entrenadas” para clasificar social y racialmente a las demás y también hemos aprendido a discriminar a esos otros que muestran algún rasgo cultural diferente al nuestro. Este entrenamiento se realiza a través de la socialización, donde el uso del lenguaje racista es un medio fundamental para la legitimación de estos discursos racistas. Esta semántica fue utilizada contra las poblaciones indígenas, migrantes y sectores populares para expresar odio, desprecio y sentimientos negativos por razones de prejuicios, estereotipos y mala socialización. En ese sentido las preguntas que guían el presente ensayo son: ¿Por qué siendo andinos somos racistas y discriminadores?¿por qué seguimos reproduciendo en pleno siglo XXI discursos y practicas racistas condenables? ¿qué lenguaje usamos para racializar?
DERECHOS LINGÜÍSTICOS Y POLÍTICAS DE LENGUAS EN BRASIL: ESTUDIOS DE CASO EN LA UNIVERSIDAD Y LA ESCUELA PÚBLICA
Authors: Martins de Andrade Ligia Karina
Published: April 2021

Este artículo analiza los derechos lingüísticos, las políticas y la planificación lingüística en dos estudios de caso, uno en la Universidad Federal de Integración Latinoamericana (UNILA) y otro en una escuela pública en la ciudad de Foz de Iguaçu. Su objetivo es observar la relación entre la legislación en Brasil y los derechos lingüísticos en contextos educativos. Utiliza una metodología de observación participante, investigación-acción, y el análisis del discurso en documentos oficiales y los producidos por indígenas e inmigrantes. La investigación propone observar y adecuar las prácticas institucionales para favorecer la diversidad, las relaciones simétricas, y mejorar el control de las políticas públicas, a favor de la equidad entre los sujetos y sus derechos lingüísticos.
EL DECAIMIENTO DEL CONTROL CONSTITUCIONAL DIFUSO EN SEDE ADMINISTRATIVA EN UN ESTADO CONSTITUCIONAL DE DERECHO
Authors: Fernández Ttito Alfredo
Published: April 2021

Este ensayo analiza la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional del Perú acerca de la negación del control constitucional difuso por la administración pública (Sentencia del expediente 04293-2012-PA/TC /Caso Consorcio Requena). Dicha decisión cambia el precedente vinculante del Tribunal Constitucional (expediente 3741-2004-PA/TC) por el que todo juzgado u órgano colegiado de la administración pública tenía el deber de preferir la Constitución frente a una disposición infra constitucional. Conforme a una interpretación de la Constitución no solo el Poder Judicial ejerce función jurisdiccional, sino otros entes públicos que ejercen función administrativa, pues ostentan potestades para decidir conflictos intersubjetivos planteados por los administrados y tienen atribuciones para imponer sanciones y limitar derechos, con autoridad de cosa decidida.
Forced labor as a form of punishment
Authors:   Perm Institute of the FPS of Russia, USTINOV ANDREI A.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to identify, on the basis of analysis of law enforcement practice and opinions of personnel of the penal system, practical problems arising in the execution of punishment in the form of forced labor, and ways to solve them for the purpose of improvement of the criminal and penal legislation in this area. The expediency of introducing some amendments to the legislation aimed at improving the procedure for the execution of forced labor is substantiated. Key words: penal law, punishment, forced labor, execution of punishment, correctional center.
Methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of labor adaptation of convicts
Authors:   Pskov Branch of the Academy of the FPS of Russia, DYATLOV YURIY N.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The article discusses the possibilities of using some methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of convicts’ labor adaptation to imprisonment. On the basis of the comparison made, the conclusion of the expediency of applying the methods based on the use of objective and subjective indicators is made. The author summarizes the indicators of the social and economic effect of the convicts’ adaptation to work, provides a list of recommended objective and subjective indicators of the effectiveness of convicts’ labor adaptation differentiated by its main types. Key words: labor adaptation, convicts sentenced to imprisonment, efficiency, methodological approaches, subjective and objective indicators.
DOXOLOGI, TRADISI REFORMED DAN MIMBAR: KONSEP ALLAH TRITUNGGAL DALAM PEMIKIRAN JONATHAN EDWARDS SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI TRADISI PELAYANAN MIMBAR REFORMED
Authors: Pardede Jimmy
Published: April 2021

Jonathan Edwards' brilliant conception that combines disposition and being, and God's absolute being with dynamicity, has challenged the most commonly accepted classical greek dualism between being and becoming, and absolute and dynamicity. This conception was found in his Trinitarian view of creation. God's disposition to repeat His eternal glory was seen as one of the unique characteristic in Edwards' treatment on both his doctrine of the Trinity, and also his doctrine of creation. But this unique combination on disposition and being is also perfectly applicable in seeing the nature of preaching, repentance, and the spirituality of a true Christian.?
QUANTUM INDETERMINACY AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF GOD
Authors: Tong David
Published: April 2021

Pada akhir abad ke-18, paradigma fisika Newtonian dinilai mendukung wawasan materialisme dan determinisme. Konsep akan Allah yang deistik dinilai sebagai suatu alternative pemikiran rasional dari konsep akan Allah yang tradisional. Akan tetapi, keyakinan akan paradigma fisika Newtonian, beserta implikasi filosofis dan teologisnya, telah tersisihkan dengan munculnya paradigma baru fisika kuantum pada permulaan abad ke-20. Ketidakpastian Kuantum dilihat oleh sebagian pihak sebagai sekutu mereka untuk membawa kembali hal-hal yang bersifat supra-natural dan immaterial ke dunia ini. Akan tetapi, paradigma fisika yang baru ini sekaligus datang dengan tantangan-tantangannya sendiri; sebagian pihak telah menemukan sokongan ilmiah di dalam paradigma fisika yang baru ini terhadap wawasan Molinisme dan Teisme yang terbuka. Kedua wawasan akan Allah ini memberikan batasan akan kedaulatan Allah sehingga menyepelekan gambaran Allah yang alkitabiah. Komitmen kita kepada kemutlakan kedaulatan Allah akan setiap detil dari dunia yang Ia ciptakan dan kepada perbedaan antara Pencipta-ciptaan, telah memberikan suatu jalan keluar bagi kita untuk mengerti ketidakpastian kuantum.?
CALVINISME DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Un Antonius
Published: April 2021

Calvinism, as initiated by John Calvin, developed by subsequent theologians and expressed in many Confessions and Catechisms, turns out to contain a notion which correlates with the conception of human rights. The intended human rights is the notion that is written in some legal-juridist documents including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Viewed historically, though the Bible does not discuss the human rights explicitly and positively, however since the Reformation period to the declaration of the US Independent with its Calvinistic nuance, there has been a growth in human rights articulation becoming more explicit and positive. Viewed theologically, Calvinist doctrines such as the sovereignty of God, the image of God and Common Grace, turn out to have logical implications to the notion of human rights.?
Editorial
Authors: Un Antonius
Published: April 2021

NIL
ERRATA ARTIKEL QUANTUM INDETERMINACY
Authors: Un Antonius
Published: April 2021

ERRATA ARTIKEL QUANTUM INDETERMINACY (Vol 1, No. 1, April 2014)?
High-frequency monitoring of anomalous methane point sources with multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite observations
Authors: Varon Daniel J. , Jervis Dylan , McKeever Jason , Spence Ian , Gains David , Jacob Daniel J.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We demonstrate the capability of the Sentinel-2
MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) to detect and quantify anomalously
large methane point sources with fine pixel resolution (20 m) and rapid
revisit rates (2–5 d). We present three methane column retrieval methods
that use shortwave infrared (SWIR) measurements from MSI spectral bands 11
(∼ 1560–1660 nm) and 12 (∼ 2090–2290 nm) to
detect atmospheric methane plumes. The most successful is the
multi-band–multi-pass (MBMP) method, which uses a combination of the two
bands and a non-plume reference observation to retrieve methane columns. The
MBMP method can quantify point sources down to about 3 t h−1 with a
precision of ∼ 30 %–90 % (1σ) over favorable
(quasi-homogeneous) surfaces. We applied our methods to perform
high-frequency monitoring of strong methane point source plumes from a
well-pad device in the Hassi Messaoud oil field of Algeria (October 2019 to
August 2020, observed every 2.5 d) and from a compressor station in the
Korpezhe oil and gas field of Turkmenistan (August 2015 to November 2020,
observed every 5 d). The Algerian source was detected in 93 % of
cloud-free scenes, with source rates ranging from 2.6 to 51.9 t h−1 (averaging 9.3 t h−1) until it was shut down by a flare lit in August
2020. The Turkmen source was detected in 40 % of cloud-free scenes, with
variable intermittency and a 9-month shutdown period in March–December 2019
before it resumed; source rates ranged from 3.5 to 92.9 t h−1
(averaging 20.5 t h−1). Our source-rate retrievals for the Korpezhe
point source are in close agreement with GHGSat-D satellite observations for
February 2018 to January 2019, but provide much higher observation density.
Our methods can be readily applied to other satellite instruments with
coarse SWIR spectral bands, such as Landsat-7 and Landsat-8. High-frequency
satellite-based detection of anomalous methane point sources as demonstrated
here could enable prompt corrective action to help reduce global methane
emissions.
Reducing cloud contamination in aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements
Authors: Schenzinger Verena , Kreuter Axel
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We propose a new cloud screening method for sun photometry that is designed to
effectively filter thin clouds. Our method is based on a k-nearest-neighbour
algorithm instead of scanning time series of aerosol optical depth. Using 10
years of data from a precision filter radiometer in Innsbruck, we compare our
new method and the currently employed screening technique. We exemplify the
performance of the two routines in different cloud conditions. While both
algorithms agree on the classification of a data point as clear or cloudy in a
majority of the cases, the new routine is found to be more effective in
flagging thin clouds. We conclude that this simple method can serve as a valid
alternative for cloud detection, and we discuss the generalizability to other
observation sites.
Validation of wind measurements of two mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere radars in northern Sweden and in Antarctica
Authors: Belova Evgenia , Voelger Peter , Kirkwood Sheila , Hagelin Susanna , Lindskog Magnus , Körnich Heiner , Chatterjee Sourav , Satheesan Karathazhiyath
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Two atmospheric VHF radars: ESRAD (Esrange MST radar) located near Kiruna in
the Swedish Arctic and MARA (Moveable Atmospheric Radar for Antarctica) at the Indian research station Maitri in
Antarctica perform wind measurements in the troposphere and lower
stratosphere on a regular basis. We compared horizontal winds at altitudes
between about 0.5 and 14 km derived from the radar data using the full
correlation analysis (FCA) technique with radiosonde observations and
models. The comparison with 28 radiosondes launched from January 2017 to
August 2019 showed that ESRAD underestimates the zonal and meridional winds
by about 8 % and 25 %, respectively. This is likely caused by the
receiver group arrangement used for the FCA together with a high level of
non-white noise. A similar result was found when comparing with the regional
numerical weather prediction model HARMONIE-AROME (Bengtsson et al., 2017) for the period September 2018–May 2019. The MARA
winds were compared with winds from radiosondes for the period February–October 2014 (291 occasions). In contrast to ESRAD, there is no indication
that MARA underestimates the winds compared to the sondes. The mean
difference between the radar and radiosonde winds is close to zero for both
zonal and meridional components. The comparison of MARA with the ECMWF ERA5
reanalysis for January–December 2019 reveals good agreement with the mean
difference between 0.1 and −0.5 m/s depending on the component and
season. The random errors in the wind components (standard deviations over
all estimates in 1 h averages) are typically 2–3 m/s for both radars.
Standard deviation of the differences between radars and sondes are 3–5 m/s.
Typification of the name 'Potentilla asturica' (Rosaceae)
Authors: Sáez Gonyalons Llorenç , Aymerich Pere
Published: April 2021

Potentilla asturica, an Iberian endemic species included within sect. Recta, is typified.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN BELAJAR TEKS PROSEDUR MELALUI METODE DEMONSTRASI
Authors: Yusridawati Yusridawati
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini berangkat dari latar belakang perlunya dilakukan pembahasan dan variasi dalam peningkatan kreativitas mengajar guru dalam pengelolaan proses pembelajaran bahasa inggris di Sekolah Menengah Pertama sebagai respons semakin melemahnya kualitas belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk mendapatkan data dan analisis melalui kajian-kajian reflektif dan partisipatif. Pengembangan program didasarkan pada data-data dan informasi dari siswa dan guru melalui dua tahapan siklus penelitian tindakan kelas. Pada siklus pertama  siswa sudah terlihat cukup aktif dalam pembelajaran.  Dari hasil observasi didapatkan bahwa aktivitas siswa mencapai 77%. Selanjutnya pada siklus ke II aktivitas siswa terus meningkat hingga mencapai 86% sehingga mengalami peningkatan sebesar 9%. Meningkatnya aktivitas siswa diikuti oleh meningkatnya hasil belajar yaitu  pada siklus I nilai rata-rata hanya 69 meningkat menjadi rata-rata 75  pada siklus II. Dari pelaksanaan PTK siklus I dan II dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui penerapan metode demonstrasi  dapat meningkatkan prestasi siswa dalam belajar bahasa Inggris di kelas IX-1 SMP Negeri 12  Lhokseumawe.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KONSELING TENTANG ETIKA PERGAULAN MELALUI TEKNIK SOSIODRAMA PADA SISWA KELAS XII SMK LEMBANG
Authors: Khamdiyah Khamdiyah
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sosiodrama pada layanan bimbingan konseling tentang etika pergaulan.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah dengan teknik sosiodrama pada layanan bimbingan konseling peneliti ingin meningkatkan layanan bimbingan konseling etika pergaulan siswa kelas XII SMK Lembang.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aktivitas siswa pada siklus 1 mendapat predikat C dengan nilai 17  dan siklus II  mendapat predikat B dengan nilai 24, ketuntasan nilai pada siklus I mencapai 50 % dengan jumlah siswa yang tuntas 12 orang dari 24 siswa.  Pada siklus II semua siswa kelas XII yang berjumlah 24 orang dinyatakan tuntas dan mencapai 100%. Peningkatan ini naik mencapai 50%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan maka disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan teknik sosiodrama pada layanan bimbingan konseling etika pergaulan di kelas XII SMK Lembang dinyatakan tuntas dan tidak dilanjutkan pada penelitian ke siklus berikutnya.
PENGARUH SARANA DAN PRASARANA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN DI SDI LUKI KECAMATAN WULANDONI
Authors: Pukan Theodora Gunung
Published: April 2021

Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah Mengetahui sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran yang diperlukan sekolah untuk mendukung proses belajar mengajar demi menciptakan peningkatan kualitas pendidikan sekolah.

Pelaksanaan siklus II ini berjalan dengan baik, dimana guru dan siswa berinisiatif sendiri untuk mengurangi kekurangan yang bisa diatasi dan yang belum bisa diatasi akan menjadi tugas dan tanggungjawab kepala sekolah karena membutuhkan biaya yang besar. Penelitian siklus II ini dihentikan dan tidak dilakukan penelitian kesiklus berikutnya karena semua masalah yang ada telah dibahas dan siap menunggu realisasinya lewat bantuan dari Dinas PKO.

Berdasarkan penjelasan latar belakang sampai dengan pembahasan maka dirumuskan bahwa dalam penelitian ini telah diatasi bersama yaitukekurangan yang bisa diatasi kepala sekolah memberikan motivasi kepada siswa dan guru untuk kreatif dalam pembelajaran sedangkan kekurangan yang tidak bisa diatasi dan membutuhkan biaya yang besar tinggal menunggu realisasi lewat bantuan dari pemerintah Dinas PKO Kabupaten Lembata.
PENERAPAN SUPERVISI AKADEMIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENGAJAR DI SDK BELANG
Authors: Tewa Polikarpus Orong
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Mendeskripsikan Penerapan Supervisi Akadmik Untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Guru Dalam mengajar Di SDK Belang.

Pelaksanaan siklus II berjalan dengan baik. Keuntungan yang dicapai adalah guru telah mengerti tentang metode pembelajaran yang diterapkan dalam mata pelajaran yang diajar dan pada siklus I dan siklus II guru sudah menerapkan metode pembelajaran dan media kartu angkadan lidi. Aktifitas siswa dan guru pada siklus II juga ada peningkatan yang baik. Kemampuan dalam efektifitas kompetensi guru baik dengan mendapat predikat B. Kelemahan yang terjadi pada siklus I telah diatasi dengan baik.

Berdasarkan penelitian siklus I dan siklus II, maka hasil penelitian yang diperoleh ternyata baik dan meningkat dalam penerapan supervisi akademik untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam mengajar mata pelajaran Matematika.
PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MENULIS TEKS BERITA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI DENGAN MEDIA FOTO PADA SISWA KELAS VIII-F SMP NEGERI 1 BENJENG GRESIK TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Sugiartanti Sugiartanti
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa dan mengetahui aktivitas belajar siswa dalam menulis teks berita setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran inkuiri pada siswa kelas VIII-F SMP Negeri 1 Benjeng, Gresik tahun pelajaran 2017/2018.

Setting atau lokasi PTK ini adalah SMP Negeri 1 Benjeng, Kecamatan Benjeng, Kabupaten Gresik, kelas VIII- F dengan jumlah siswa 32 anak. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2017.

Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik dari penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah aktivitas siswa untuk menemukan unsur-unsur berita cenderung meningkat (mengerjakan LKS, berdiskusi, dan merespon pertanyaan teman dalam satu kelompok maupun oleh kelompok lain). Prestasi belajar siswa dalam menulis teks berita yang dilaksanakan dengan model pembelajaran inkuiri mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan persentase nilai siswa yang telah mencapai KKM pada siklus I (68,8 %), siklus II (81,3%), siklus  III mencapai  (100%).
POTRET ETIKA PROFESI DALAM KASUS MUNDURNYA CHAIRIL ANWAR DAN KISRUH UJIAN NASIONAL
Authors: Sukoco Johan Bhimo
Published: April 2021

Mundurnya Kepala Bagian Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Kabag Litbang) Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Kemendikbud), Chairil Anwar Notodiputro menjadi salah satu kasus etika pejabat publik yang menarik perhatian. Surat pengunduran diri Kabag Litbang Kemndikbud tersebut disampaikan kepada Mendikbud, Mohammad Nuh pada 3 Mei 2013. Pengunduran diri Kabag Litbang Kemendikbud ini merupakan bentuk tanggung jawab moral pejabat publik. Pengunduran diri Kabag Litbang ini menimbulkan perdebatan. Dikaji dari segi etika, maka pejabat publik tersebut justru mundur dari jabatannya ketika amanah yang diembannya belum selesai. Namun, di sisi lain, mundurnya pejabat publik ini merupakan salah satu bentuk tanggung jawab moral pejabat publik yang gagal mengemban tugasnya. Artikel ini bermaksud mengkaji perihal sejauh mana bentuk etika dalam mundurnya pejabat publik.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PPKn MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE BERBASIS QUIZIZZ
Authors: Jati Dionisius Heckie Puspoko
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VIII A SMP Kristen 2 Salatiga melalui penerapan model pembelajaran online berbasis aplikasi schoology. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran online berbasis aplikasi schoology dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar aspek kognitif atau pengetahuan peserta didik. Sebelum diterapkan model pembelajaran online berbasis aplikasi quizizz nilai rata-rata kelas pada ranah kognitif 59,3 persentase ketuntasan 22,7%,. Pada siklus I hasil belajar peserta didik yaitu rata-rata kelas pada ranah kognitif 76,3 dengan persentase ketuntasan 68,1. Pada siklus II hasil belajar peserta didik yaitu rata-rata kelas pada ranah kognitif 88,5 dengan persentase ketuntasan 100%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, serta analisis data yang telah diuraikan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran online dengan aplikasi schoology dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar aspek kognitif atau pengetahuan PPKn kelas VII A SMP Kristen 2 Salatiga pada Semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020.
PENERAPAN SUPERVISI AKADEMIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU DI TK STELLA MARIS NANGAHURE KECAMATAN ALOK BARAT
Authors: Kolomera Dolorosa
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan sekolah dengan menerapkan supervisi sekolah untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru di TK Stella Maris Nangahure Kecamatan Alok Barat Kabupaten Sikka.

Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan penerapan supervisi akademik untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru di TK Stella Maris Nangahure Kecamatan Alok Barat Kabupaten Sikka.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ketuntasan nilai yang di peroleh pada siklus I adalah 100% pada kategori B atau baik dari jumlah 2 orang guru termasuk kepala sekolah dan ketuntasan nilai yang diperoleh pada siklus II mencapai 100% dari jumlah guru 2 orang termasuk kepala sekolah dan mendapat kategori A atau sangat baik.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan maka di simpulkan bahwa dengan menerapkan supervisi akademik untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru maka hasil yang dicapai meningkat mencapai 100%.
MENINGKATKAN KINERJA KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENGELOLA KEUANGAN SEKOLAH DI SDI BAOPUKANG KECAMATAN NAGAWUTUNG
Authors: Kia Paulus
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja kepala sekolah dalam pengelolaan keuangan sekolah melalui bendahara di SDK Baopukang Kecamatan Nagawutung.

Hasil pembahasan adalah pada pelaksanaan siklus I, hasil yang dicapai adalah telah cukup baik yaitu kepala sekolah mengamati secara langsung cara kerja bendahara dalam mengelola keuangan sekolah dan tidak ditemukan kejanggalan hanya beberapa kelemahan seperti kurang lengkapnya bukti kuitansi dan nota lainnya yang disebabkan karena tercecer  dan kelebihan yang dicapai pada pelaksanaan siklus II adalah dalam memeriksa laporan keuangan bendahara melaksanakan dengan baik. Dengan demikian tidak dilanjutkan pada penelitian ke siklus III.

Pelaksanaan penelitian tentang meningkatnya kinerja kepala sekolah dalam mengelola keuangan sekolah dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam mengelola keuangan sekolah dibutuhkan bendahara yang jujur dan bertanggungjawab dan dapat mengetahui penggunaan dana sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang diperlukan.
MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI SDN NAMAWEKA KECAMATAN NUBATUKAN MELALUI PENJUALAN BIJI JAMBU MENTE
Authors: Saya Hiasintus Beleleng
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi peserta didiknya yaitu keterlambatan pembayaran uang sekolah sehingga dengan menjual biji jambu mente yang ada di lingkungan SDN Namaweka, maka dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didiknya.

               Pelaksanaan siklus I dan siklus II pada penelitian tentang Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Peserta Didik Di SDN Namaweka Kecamatan Nubatukan melalui Penjualan Biji Jambu Mente dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik melalui 2 siklus dan hasil yang dicapai telah baik,walaupun pada siklus I aktifitas yang dilaksanakan guru dan peserta didik mendapat predikat B tetapi pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan dan mendapat perdikat B. Jadwal yang dibuat untuk melaksanakan aktifitas memilih biji jambu di sekolah telah dijalankan dengan baik. Hasil yang diperoleh sangat baikdengan mengumpulkan biji jambu selama pelaksanaan siklus I dan II sebanyak 94 kg biji jambu ditambahan dngan biji jambu yang sudah dikumpulkan sebelumya. Total biji jambu yang dikumpulkan pada tahun 2019 sebanyak 380 kg. Dan hasil yang diperoleh setelah dijual sebesar Rp. 7.000.0000,-. Biaya tersebuut akan digunakan untuk membeli keperluan sekolah.

            Dengan melihat hasil yang dicapai pada pelaksanaan siklus penelitian ini, maka baik kepala sekolah, orangtua, guru dan peserta didik sangat puas karena masalah yang dihadapi bisa teratasi, walaupun ada dana BOS namun dana yang ada belum mencukupi pemenuhan kebutuhan pendidikan di SDN Namaweka.
KEMAMPUAN MENULIS ( WRITING ) DESCRIPTION TEXT DENGAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING PADA SISWA KELASX MIA3 SMAN I ROTE BARAT LAUT
Authors: Adu Victory Rintje Maryam
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini  menerapkan model pembelajaran Mind Mapping  pada materi  Description Text . Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas X MIA3.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aktivitas siswa pada siklus 1 adalah 27,27 % dan siklus II  81,81 %, aktivitas guru pada siklus 1 adalah 53,5 % dan siklus  II adalah 60,5 % sedangkan ketuntasan belajar siswa  pada siklus I 40,90  % dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 100 %.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan maka di simpulkan bahwa dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran mind mapping   pada materi  description text , hasil yang di capai  meningkat dengan mencapai 100 % di atas KKM 72.