bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-scale and Multi-feature fusion speech emotion recognition based on cross-attention
Authors: Li Ning , Zhang Wenjiao
Published: January 2025

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) which aims to help the machine to understand human emotions from speech, has emerged as an integral component within Human-computer Interaction (HCI). There are two critical challenges in the SER field. One is that rich emotional features at different scales cannot be well captured due to the restrictions of existing CNNs. The other is that due to the limitations of existing methods, it is difficult to fuse multiple feature information effectively. A multi-scale and multi-feature fusion speech emotion recognition model based on cross-attention is proposed in this paper. First, according to the characteristics of MFCC and log Mel spectrogram, 1D convolution and 2D convolution were used to extract their advanced features, respectively. Second, adding residual multi-scale module to convolutional neural networks aims at high-level emotional features at different scales and obtain richer fine-grained emotional features. Third, the features obtained after the convolutional neural network are fused using the cross-attention module, which aims to explicitly simulate the fine-grained interaction between multiple features and improve the effectiveness of multi-feature fusion. Finally, the fused features are fed to BiLSTM to extract temporal features, and it is fed into a fully connected classifier for emotion recognition. The experimental results on the benchmark dataset IEMOCAP show that this method improves WA and UA by 1.67% and 2.20% compared with other methods, respectively.
The effects of anti-anxiety and anti-depressant medications on malignant tumor patients with anxiety and depression comorbidity
Authors: Pang Wei , Guan Chao , Zhang Xiaoye , Yu Li
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective:This study aimed to examine gender differences in the prevalence of comorbid anxiety and depression among patients with malignant tumors and to evaluate the impact of pharmacological intervention on anxiety and depressive symptoms within this population.
Methods: A randomized trial was conducted involving 88 patients with cancer diagnosed with both anxiety and depression, assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Participants received mirtazapine (at a dose of 7.5 mg per day) and fluoxetine (at a dose of 20 mg per day) for a period of 6 weeks.The primary outcomes measured were the changes in anxiety and depression scores from baseline to endpoint.
Results: Findings revealed a significantly higher prevalence of comorbid anxiety and depression in female patients with malignant tumors compared to males (P < 0.05). Post-treatment, both genders showed substantial improvements in anxiety and depressive symptoms (P < 0.05), with a more pronounced effect observed among female patients. No significant difference was found in treatment responsiveness between female patients with lung cancer and breast cancer (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of mirtazapine and fluoxetine effectively reduced anxiety and depression in patients with cancer, particularly in females, who exhibited higher baseline prevalence but greater symptom improvement than male patients. Notably, these results suggest that targeted interventions may enhance treatment outcomes for anxiety and depression in female patients with cancer, with no differential effect based on cancer type (breast vs. lung).
IntelliStream: Leveraging Machine Learning for Enhanced Throughput, Performance Of Brokers By Log Analysis
Authors: Vijayakumar G. , Bharathi R. K.
Published: January 2025

Optimizing the performance of real-time data streaming platforms is crucial in managing diverse and demanding workloads. This paper presents an innovative approach to auto-tune such platforms for enhanced throughput and overall performance using machine learning techniques. By analyzing garbage collection (GC) logs and broker logs, by employing regression models to identify performance bottlenecks and predict optimal configuration settings. The methodology involves extracting key metrics from the logs, training regression models to understand the relationship between these metrics and system performance, and then applying the models to fine-tune system parameters automatically. The proposed solution demonstrates potential to develop significant improvements in throughput and stability, offering a robust framework for dynamic performance optimization in complex data environ-ments. This approach not only enhances efficiency but also reduces the need for manual tuning, paving the way for more intelligent and autonomous data streaming infrastructures.
Assessing The Performance of Multimodal Large Language Models in Diagnosing and Staging Diabetic Retinopathy: An External Validation Study of Large Language Models
Authors: Liew Chuin-Hen , Tan Ee Xion , Salim Nur Izzati Mohd , Razali Nur Ainaa Najwa , Sharifudin Abdul Hadi , Teo Sin Yee , Subramaniam Sangeetha , Ngoo Qi Zhe , Muthaiyah Saravanan , Muthu Kalaiarasi Sonai
Published: January 2025

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment, requiring effective and scalable screening tools for early detection. Existing methods are complex, expensive, and reliant on specialized personnel, limiting their use in primary care. This study evaluates the potential of a multimodal large language model (LLM), for detecting DR, staging DR, and identifying diabetic maculopathy. This external validation study assessed the performance of LLMs using 228 fundus images captured at Tuanku Ampuan Najihah Hospital. Models evaluated include GPT-4, Google’s Gemini 1.5, Anthropic Claude 3 Haiku, and Mistral Large. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value were assessed, and results were validated with human ophthalmologist evaluations. As a results, GPT-4 achieved good sensitivity for detecting DR (82%) and referable DR (80%), meeting UK NICE criteria. However, all LLMs, including GPT-4, performed poorly in staging DR and detecting diabetic maculopathy. While GPT-4 shows promise in identifying DR, its limitations in detailed DR staging and maculopathy detection highlight cautious implementation.
Traffic-Light Nutrition Label in Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Consumer Behaviour, Dietary Patterns, and Sociodemographic Associations
Authors: April-Lalonde Gabriel , Deaconu Ana , Paredes Myriam , Hardan Louna Maria , Batal Malek
Published: January 2025

Background
Ecuador introduced the traffic-light nutrition label (TNL) to address the rising burden of diet-related non-communicable diseases linked to increasing ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption. The TNL aims to provide simplified nutritional information to consumers, yet its effectiveness across diverse population groups remains unclear. Previous research suggests that TNL awareness and use may vary based on factors such as education, income, and geographic location, highlighting the need to explore how these factors are associated with dietary choices and health outcomes in different regions of Ecuador.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three Ecuadorian cantons—Quito, Ibarra, and Riobamba—targeting adults to assess TNL use, dietary habits, and health conditions. Data collection involved structured interviews, food frequency questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements. Associations between TNL use and dietary and health variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests with survey and post-stratification weights to enhance representativeness.
Results
In Quito, TNL use was correlated with lower UPF intake and higher fruit and vegetable consumption. Regional differences were evident, with Riobamba showing lower UPF intake primarily among those unaware of the TNL, and Ibarra exhibiting no significant association between TNL use and UPF consumption. TNL awareness was lower among elderly and less-educated groups across all cantons, and among rural and low-income groups in Ibarra and Riobamba, who nevertheless reported concerning UPF consumption and limited fruit and vegetable intake.
Conclusions
TNL use in Ecuador varies by sociodemographic factors and is associated with healthier dietary patterns in some populations. However, disparities in awareness and usage highlight the need for improved label visibility and targeted public health strategies to enhance engagement among vulnerable groups. Addressing structural barriers to nutritious food access is crucial to maximizing the label's public health impact. These findings provide valuable insights for policy adjustments and nutrition education efforts in Ecuador and similar contexts.
Phage-host interaction dynamics in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant: significant impact of bleaching treatment
Authors: Yan Peihan , Zhu Junge , Ji Qianwei , Hou Gaolin , Liang Guoqiang , Liu Xinchun , Liu Ruyin
Published: January 2025

The temporal dynamics of phage-host interactions within full-scale biological wastewater treatment (BWT) plants remain inadequately characterized. Here, we provide an in-depth investigation of viral and bacterial dynamics over a nine-year period in an activated sludge BWT plant, where bleach addition was applied to control sludge foaming. By conducting bioinformatic analyses on 98 metagenomic time-series samples, we reconstructed 3,486 bacterial genomes and 2,435 complete or near-complete viral genomes, which were classified into 361 bacterial and 889 viral clusters, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the primary bleaching event induced significant shifts in both bacterial and viral communities, as well as in virus-host interactions, as evidenced by alterations in bacteria-virus interaction networks and virus-to-host ratio dynamics. Following bleaching, the bacteria-virus network became less interconnected but more compartmentalized. Viral communities mirrored bacterial dynamics, indicating a strong coupling in phage-host interactions. Among the identified virus-host pairs, many exhibited a decelerating rise in viral abundance relative to host abundance, with virus-to-host ratios generally displaying a negative correlation with host abundance. This trend was particularly pronounced in virus-host pairs where viruses harbored integrase genes, indicative of temperate dynamics resembling a “Piggyback-the-Winner” model. Notably, the bleaching intervention appeared to induce a transition from lysogeny to lysis in viruses associated with some foaming-related bacterial species, suggesting a potential virus-invovled indirect mechanism by which bleaching mitigates sludge foaming.
Безопасность и эффективность проведения процедурной седации у пациентов с диагностической колоноскопией: проспективное когортное исследование
Authors: Лещенко Р. Е. , Давыдова Надежда Степановна , Собетова Г. В.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Experts in different countries of the world question the safety and effectiveness of the use of sedatives during colonoscopy. According to the literature, procedural sedation (PS) improves the quality of colonoscopy, provides comfort and high patient satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety PS of propofol during diagnostic colonoscopy and its influence on the quality criteria of the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label cohort study at a single center, involving 200 patients from the endoscopic department between June 2020 and January 2024. Patients were divided into two groups: those undergoing colonoscopy with sedation (n = 100) and those without sedation (n = 100). To compare percentages, we utilized the Fisher’s exact test for expected counts under 10 and Pearson’s chi-squared test for counts above 10. When comparing relative indicators, an indicator of the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used. For quantitative measures not normally distributed, the Mann—Whitney U-test was used to compare the two groups. RESULTS: The chances of developing hypoxemia in patients in the sedated group were 9.373 times higher than in the non–sedated group, the odds differences were not statistically significant (95% CI 0.498–176.426). Transient hypoxemia developed in 4 obese patients in PS conditions. The likelihood of cecal intubation was 5.3 (95% CI 1.463–18.937) times higher in the sedated group. The rate of detected colon polyps is higher in patients of the non-sedated group (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Procedural sedation of propofol is safe during diagnostic colonoscopy in patients with grade I and II on the physical status scale of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Procedural sedation increases the rate of intubation of the caecum and does not affect the rate of detected colon polyps.
The potential of metformin in weight loss
Authors: Grigor’eva I. N. , Nepomnyashchikh D. L.
Published: January 2025

Metformin, as a unique first-line antidiabetic drug, it may also be effective in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. In meta-analyses and numerous RCTs in obese persons with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus with metformin, a decrease in weight and fat mass (≈ 3 kg), as well as blood lipids and adiponectin was noted. Mechanisms of metformin action for weight loss, dependent and independent of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK): enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis, reduction of fatty acid uptake, due to suppression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad3 signaling, modulation of the gut microbiota and regulation of a number of other signals – fructose-1.6-biphosphatase 1 (FBP1), protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FG F21), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), target of rapamycin (mTOR), etc., reduction of lipogenic gene expression, which leads to decrease in energy intake. However, there is conflicting evidence that metformin has little effect on weight loss, energy intake, and body composition – its effect varies depending on gender, age, duration of treatment, does not necessarily persist after treatment is stopped, does not significantly affect body composition. Metformin worldwide and in the Russian Federation has not yet been included in list of medications for the treatment of obesity. Comprehensive, adequately powered studies with longer treatment durations are needed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of metformin for weight loss and weight gain control.
Delayed and long-term effects of epidural anesthesia in childbirth: A literature review
Authors: Kodzoev R. R. , Lyashenko E. N.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. There is a growing trend towards increasing the use of epidural analgesia during childbirth. Therefore, it is important to explore the delayed and long-term consequences of its application.

Aim. To investigate the association between conditions such as back pain, headache, incontinence (urinary and fecal), postpartum depression, and the use of epidural anaesthesia, as well as any delays in the development of these conditions and their long-term impact.

Materials and methods. Symptomatic analysis of clinical data, including randomized and non-randomized studies, cohort studies, prospective and retrospective analyses, as well as meta-analyses based on the study of the relationship between anesthesia methods used during childbirth and the development of these symptoms. The search was conducted on platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY.ru for articles that contained information about long-term conditions developing after epidural anesthesia during childbirth. The study did not include descriptions of individual clinical cases, nor did it include studies that reported effects after epidural anesthesia that were not during childbirth.

Results. A number of studies have been analyzed. Despite some contradictory data, an objective review of the information received suggests that manifestations such as back pain, headaches, urinary and fecal incontinence, pelvic floor dysfunction and postpartum depression do not always correlate with the use of epidural anesthesia. These symptoms do not seem to be related to its long-term or delayed effects. While some effects may occur, these can be better classified as short-term. For example, back pain and urinary retention may be experienced. Additionally, there was no statistically significant evidence to suggest that epidural anesthesia reduces the risk of postpartum depression.

Conclusion. Further clinical studies that adhere to rigorous standards of reliability are needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of this issue.
On the issue of pleiotropic effects of febuxostat
Authors: Bashkova I. B. , Madyanov I. V.
Published: January 2025

Gout is characterised by high comorbidity. Cardiovascular pathology and associated disorders of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as kidney damage are among the most frequent companions of gout, often significantly worsening the “quality” and limiting the life expectancy of the patient. Experimental and epidemiological data indicate that hyperuricemia, characteristic of gout, can have a pathogenetic influence on the formation of components of the metabolic syndrome. The report presents a clinical case of gout that debuted in a man aged 36 years. The patient had arterial hypertension, widespread atherosclerosis, prediabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Due to renal damage, the patient with a uric acid level of 713 μmol/l was prescribed febuxostat at a dose of 80 mg/day, which was increased to 120 mg/day after 4 weeks in the absence of achieving the target level of uricemia. One year later, complex therapy including original febuxostat provided improvement of renal functional status and a stable tendency to normalisation of liver function (regression of cytolysis, cholestasis syndromes and improvement of elastogram parameters). Against the background of febuxostat therapy there was a decrease in the severity of insulin resistance (reduction of NOMA index from 4.2 to 2.8) and improvement of carbohydrate metabolism (reduction of fasting glycaemia from 6.7 to 5.9 mmol/l, glycosylated haemoglobin from 6.4 to 5.7%). Probably, febuxostat in the presented clinical case contributed to potentiation of hypolipidemic effects of statins (rosuvastatin), which is consistent with the literature data. The triglyceride level underwent especially expressive dynamics during the follow-up (decrease from 3.07 to 0.93 mmol/l). Recent literature data and the presented clinical observation indicate that febuxostat, along with having a strong urates-lowering potential with a favourable safety profile, is able to exert a pleiotropic positive effect on the metabolic disorders inherent in gout.
Clinical evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of chloramphenicol in combination with beclomethasone in patients with otitis externa and otitis media
Authors: Isachenko V. S. , Chernoivan A. V. , Vysockaya S. S. , Aleksanian Yu. S.
Published: January 2025

Epidemiological studies indicate that chronic inflammation of the middle ear is one of the most common diseases in the field of otorhinolaryngology and accounts for up to 30% of all patients with diseases of the hearing organ. Among the many factors contributing to the occurrence of inflammatory ear diseases, upper respiratory tract infections, allergic reactions and/ or anatomical features play a special role. An analysis of the literature data showed that properly selected therapy, rational administration of antibacterial drugs, as well as prevention will significantly reduce the frequency of relapses of the disease and prevent the development of hearing loss. This material presents a clinical case, which shows that an important aspect of treatment is an individual approach to each patient, taking into account his age, general health and predisposition to infectious diseases. An integrated approach to the treatment and prevention of recurrent acute otitis media can significantly improve the patient’s quality of life, as well as reduce the burden of the disease on the health care system. The use of topical complex remedies for otitis media helps to reduce the chances of prescribing systemic antibiotics. The use is justified, among other things, in the moderate course of otitis media as part of complex treatment, since in the initial days of the disease such patients have a pronounced pain syndrome, which can be effectively stopped due to the synergistic action of an anesthetic (lidocaine 2%) and a glucocorticosteroid (beclomethasone). Patients note a significant improvement in their condition already in the first days of treatment, good tolerability, absence of unpleasant sensations or allergic reactions during use, while reducing the risks of potentiating the development of antibiotic resistance.
Hypoglycemia syndrome: features of differential diagnostics
Authors: Volkova A. R. , Khalimov I. Sh. , Ostroukhova E. N. , Chernaya M. E. , Lisker A. V. , Mamedova N. A. , Evloeva V. O.
Published: January 2025

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hypoglycemia syndrome may present some difficulties for general practitioners. Clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia are weakness, tachycardia, tremor, sweating, impaired consciousness up to coma. Symptoms of hypoglycemic conditions at the beginning of their development are often nonspecific, the severity of their manifestations is lost with frequent recurrence. It is important to note that hypoglycemia is a life-threatening condition requiring treatment. Hypoglycemia can be caused by taking hypoglycemic drugs, exacerbation of chronic adrenal insufficiency, or increased secretion of insulin by a tumor – insulinoma. Iatrogenic hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus is recognized by patients quite quickly, since patients regularly monitor glycemic levels. Hypoglycemia in adrenal insufficiency usually occurs in the early morning hours. In insulinoma, hypoglycemia may develop at any time of the day, since it is associated with spontaneous or provoked secretion of large amounts of insulin by the tumor. The size of the insulinoma may be small, which complicates confirmation of the diagnosis by visualization. Also, insulinoma may occur as one of the manifestations of the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia – in this case, it is necessary to assess the function of the parathyroid glands and pituitary gland. The article presents a clinical case of multiple recurrent insulinoma in a young patient. This clinical observation is of particular interest, since it presents the process of primary diagnostics of insulinoma, as well as postoperative dynamic observation of the patient, during which a relapse of the neoplasm was detected. As part of the preoperative preparation, therapy with short-acting somatostatin analogues was prescribed, after which repeated surgical treatment was performed.
Report on the 18th International Scientific Conference in the Series “Humanistic Ecology” “Contemporary Environmental Dilemmas: Interdisciplinary Approaches” (Bratislava, 26-27 September 2024)
Authors: Klimska Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

The Editorial Team does not provide abstracts for reports.
Estudio del potencial turístico del distrito de Colcamar, departamento de Amazonas, Perú
Authors: Santiago Quijano Marily , Giacomotti José , Rivera Rosalynn Yohanna , Manríquez Zapata Héctor Miguel , Norabuena Figueroa Roger Pedro , Pariente Mondragón Elí
Published: January 2025

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el potencial turístico del distrito de Colcamar, ubicado en el departamento de Amazonas, Perú. La investigación fue descriptiva mediante aplicación de encuestas, organización de talleres y de inspecciones oculares mediante salidas de campo. Se encuestaron a 484 personas en el distrito de Colcamar y cinco de sus anexos. Se realizaron seis talleres participativos con pobladores locales y actores involucrados con el turismo local como autoridades y la Asociación de Turismo ASOTUR. Los principales resultados indicaron que la mayoría de encuestados creen que Colcamar sí puede ser un destino turístico de interés, cuyos principales atractivos son sus sitios arqueológicos, sus paisajes, sus bosques y sus fiestas tradicionales. Además, los pobladores indicaron que podrían ofrecer a los visitantes los servicios de guías turísticos, dar paseos a caballo, vender artesanías y comidas típicas. Se concluye que el distrito de Colcamar presenta un potencial turístico debido los sitios arqueológicos de Sholón, Puemal, Chamalca y Pucasiugo y a sus paisajes naturales que presenta. Además, los pobladores expresaron mucho interés de participar en las actividades turísticas que se desarrollen en el distrito de Colcamar.
O potencial hidrogeniônico (ph) como parâmetro indicador do uso abusivo do aditivo alimentar fosfato em pescado
Authors:   , Lemos Lyzandra Lais de Almeida
Published: January 2025

Considerando o uso abusivo de agentes umectantes no processamento de pescado congelado, e uma possível relação entre o parâmetro pH e o aditivo fosfato, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se existe correlação entre o pH da carne do atum e diferentes concentrações e tempo de contato com o aditivo alimentar fosfato. Os filés de atum (média de 225 g) foram imersos em soluções refrigeradas (5°C) de tripolifosfato de sódio (TPF) e mistura de fosfato (blend) nas concentrações 3, 5 e 10% (proporção filé:solução de 1:1; p:v), por 30, 60 e 120 minutos. Como grupo controle utilizou-se água. Após a imersão, as amostras foram drenadas, pesadas (cálculo de rendimento), congeladas em ultrafreezer (-35ºC por 24 h) e armazenadas (-35ºC) por 15 dias. Após esse período, as amostras foram descongeladas (5°C, 24 horas), drenadas por 5 minutos, pesadas (cálculo de rendimento). Após o descongelamento, as amostras foram grelhadas (200ºC por 3 minutos em cada lado) e pesadas (cálculo do rendimento). Amostras foram retiradas após cada etapa (imersão, descongelamento e cocção) e submetidas às análises de pH, fosfato (P2O5), umidade e proteína. O rendimento (ganho/perda de peso) foi determinado pelo peso das amostras antes e após os tratamentos (imersão, descongelamento e cocção). Todos os aditivos alimentares utilizados no presente estudo (TPF e Blend) demonstraram sua eficácia na retenção de água após imersão, descongelamento e cocção. Observou-se um aumento gradual dos teores de umidade (após imersão em soluções de TPF e Blend), e consequente aumento na relação umidade/proteína que sugere um novo parâmetro a ser considerado como indicativo uso de agentes umectantes no pescado. Observou-se um aumento gradual do pH e do fosfato residual (P2O5) em todos os tratamentos, e ainda permaneceram abaixo dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação nacional (pH) e internacional (P2O5). Observou-se correlação linear entre os valores de pH e fosfato (P2O5) o qual pode se tornar um parâmetro a ser considerado como indicativo uso de agentes umectantes (fosfato) no pescado. A partir dos resultados dos experimentos, sugerimos uma revisão crítica sobre o tema, e que possíveis mudanças possam ser avaliadas nos parâmetros oficiais como indicadores de uso abusivo do aditivo fosfato em pescado e combater uma fraude econômica nos produtos congelados. Ressalta-se que essas sugestões devem ser o foco do estudo colaborativo para sua validação.
Smart Stimuli-responsive Nanogels: A Potential Tool for Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Dhanawat Meenakshi , . Garima , Wilson Kashish , Bhushan Bharat , Chalotra Rishabh , Gupta Sumeet , Chaubey Pramila
Published: January 2025

Nanogels (NGs) are presently the focus of extensive research because of their special qualities, including
minimal particle size, excellent encapsulating efficacy, and minimizing the breakdown of active compounds.
As a result, NGs are great candidates for drug delivery systems. Cross-linked nanoparticles (NPs)
called stimulus-responsive NGs are comprised of synthetic, natural, or a combination of natural and synthetic
polymers. These NPs can swell in response to large amounts of solvent, but their structural makeup prevents
them from dissolving. Furthermore, in response to (i) physical stimuli like temperatures, ion strength, and magnetized
or electrical fields; (ii) chemical stimuli like the pH level, molecules, or ions; (iii) biological stimuli
like the enzymatic substrate or affinity ligand, they transform into a hard particle (collapsed form) from a polymer
solution (swell form). Over the past decade, there has been a major advancement in the creation of
“smart” NGs in applications related to therapeutics and diagnosis, involving nucleic acid and intracellular drug
delivery, photodynamic/photothermal treatment, biological imaging, and its detection. The nanogels reviewed
in this article rely only on temperatures, pH, light, magnetic fields, and combinations of those variables. Developing
a targeted delivery vehicle will greatly benefit from the presented information, especially when used for
Core-shell multi-sensitive photo-sensitive nanogels.
Assessing Anti-Acne Potentials Via in-vitro, Ex-vivo, and in-vivo Models: A
Comprehensive Approach
Authors: Goyal Ravi , Kaur Gurpreet , Malik Deepinder Singh , Singh Sachin , Dua Kamal , Singh Deependra , Singh Thakur Gurjeet
Published: January 2025

Acne vulgaris is the 8th most commonly prevailing skin disorder worldwide. Its pervasiveness
has been predominant in juveniles, especially males, during adolescence and in females
during adulthood. The lifestyle and nutrition adopted have been significantly reported to impact
the occurrence and frequency of acne. It typically occurs over the regions of the forehead, upper
chest, and back of the body, which are regions with high proportions of active sebaceous follicles.
The market today is flooded with the pool of anti-acne medications (oral, topical/systemic) that
contain either a single therapeutic agent or a blend targeting multiple pathological pathways. However,
the clinical applicability of these preparations is limited due to formulation stability, drug
penetrability, and targeting, the incidence of secondary effects, antibiotic resistance, etc. Moreover,
the effectiveness of the former therapies varies as per the type and severity of acne. Therefore,
it is necessary to extensively research skin physiology under normal and diseased conditions
so that newer, safer, and more effective medications can be devised. Moreover, their safety and efficacy
should be validated by employing various acne models, and their comparative profiling
should be done with standard marketed anti-acne preparations. Acne models assist to uncover the
complex disease pathogenesis and identify the potential targets for therapeutic interventions. This
review is an attempt to highlight varied in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo testing procedures done to assess
drug efficacy, track disease progression, and compare test substances with existing treatments.
By presenting a unified approach to acne modeling, this review will assist researchers in selecting
the most appropriate model for their specific research goals, helping them to generate valuable
and reproducible data to support the development of effective acne therapies.
Melatonin Overexpression in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Exploration
Authors: Gupta Babita , Malviya Rishabha , Sundram Sonali , Sridhar Sathvik Belagodu , Singh Deependra Pratap
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by
the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and β-amyloid plaques, leading to a decline in cognitive
function. AD is characterized by tau protein hyperphosphorylation and extracellular β-amyloid
accumulation. Even after much research, there are still no proven cures for AD. The neuroprotective,
anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities of melatonin, a hormone mostly produced by the
pineal gland, have drawn interest as a possible treatment option for AD. This study looks at new
evidence that suggests melatonin overexpression to be a promising therapy option for AD. Melatonin
levels naturally decline with age and decrease more significantly in individuals with AD, worsening
neurodegenerative processes. Melatonin has therapeutic potential as it inhibits Aβ formation,
prevents amyloid fibril extension through structure-dependent interactions, and protects neurons
from Aβ-induced toxicity. Melatonin promotes neurogenesis, which is decreased in AD, suggesting
it may treat the disease's many pathologies. The review emphasizes the importance of melatonin's
mechanisms of action, including its capacity to reduce neuroinflammation, regulate mitochondrial
function, scavenge free radicals, and influence apoptotic pathways. As research into AD continues,
this article provides a forward-looking perspective on how future studies could leverage melatonin’s
multifaceted neuroprotective properties to develop more effective treatments for AD.
Safety and Efficacy of Transendocardial Stem Cells Therapy in Chronic
Ischemic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of
Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Sawalha Ibrahim Al- , Salih Abdel Qader Abu- , Bdour Mohammad Al- , Shimi Rula Al , Slehat Mohammad Al- , Almansi Amjad , Batarseh Suhel F , Taj Moneeb Al- , Jaloudi Nebras
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Chronic ischemic heart failure is a major global health issue despite
advancements in therapy. Stem cell (SC) therapy has emerged as a potential treatment, but its
effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the
current evidence on SC therapy's efficacy.

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane
databases up to April 2024. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with blinded designs,
focusing on patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) treated with
mesenchymal stem cells compared to placebo or sham interventions via percutaneous endomyocardial
catheter systems. Data extraction, performed independently by two authors, focused on
safety and efficacy variables. The meta-analysis used a random-effects model, with sensitivity
analyses to address study heterogeneity.

Results:

Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant improvements were observed
in the stem cell group for left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) (pooled effect
size -7.59, 95% CI [-12.28 to -2.89], P=0.002) and stress SPECT outcomes (pooled effect size -
5.33, 95% CI [-6.73 to -3.93], P<0.00001). Sensitivity analysis reduced heterogeneity in left
ventricular end-diastolic function (LVEDF) (P=0.01, I²=54%) and revealed a significant benefit
for stem cell therapy (pooled effect size -3.87, 95% CI [-6.77 to -0.97], P=0.009). No significant
effects were observed for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or myocardial oxygen consumption
(MVO2). Functional improvements in New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification
were noted (OR=4.22, 95% CI [1.14–15.68], P=0.03), though no significant differences
were found in safety outcomes, including major cardiovascular events, mortality, or rehospitalization
rates.

Conclusion:

Transendocardial SC therapy shows promise in improving certain cardiac parameters,
though its impact on LVEF and MVO2 remains inconclusive, indicating the need for further
research.
Organosulfur Compounds in Garlic for Gastric Cancer Treatment: Anticancer Effects, Overcoming Drug Resistance, and Mechanisms
Authors: Yi Xudong , Zhang Jinrui , Yao Yiman , Liu Junyu , Li Mingyue , Zhang Min , Elmann Anat , Chen Haixia
Published: January 2025

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been consumed globally as a functional food and traditional
medicine for various ailments. Its active organosulfur compounds (OSCs) have demonstrated
significant anticancer properties, particularly against gastric cancer. However, a comprehensive
review of these effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms, including their role
in overcoming drug resistance, is currently lacking. This review systematically examines both
preclinical and clinical studies on the anticancer effects of garlic and its organosulfur compounds
against gastric cancer, with a focus on patents. Emphasis is placed on explaining the
mechanisms of action, exploring how these compounds can overcome drug resistance, and highlighting
relevant patents that have been granted in this field. The literature search included databases,
like PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and patent databases, including
articles and patents published up to October 2024. Preclinical studies demonstrate that
garlic-derived organosulfur compounds possess anticancer activities against gastric cancer.
They work through multiple mechanisms, including inducing apoptosis, causing cell cycle arrest,
inhibiting cancer stem cell properties, suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and
modulating key signaling pathways, like PI3K/Akt and NF-κB. These compounds also show
potential in overcoming drug resistance by downregulating multidrug resistance proteins and
enhancing the effectiveness of standard chemotherapy drugs. Clinical studies suggest that regular
garlic consumption may reduce the risk of gastric cancer and improve outcomes in patients
undergoing chemotherapy. This review highlights the significant potential of garlic’s organosulfur
compounds as complementary agents in gastric cancer prevention and treatment and emphasizes
the relevance of existing patents and the need for further clinical trials to confirm these
effects and develop effective therapeutic strategies.
Facial Gesture Interfaces: Breaking Barriers for Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Misra Siddharth , Gupta Priyank , Vasudeva Amol , Jain Shruti
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Face identification and tracking have grown in importance in a variety of
applications, including security, surveillance, and human-computer interaction. The goal of this paper
is to create a real-time face detection and tracking system that uses a 2D convolutional neural
network (CNN) model.

Method:

The model is trained on a dataset of facial images with accompanying bounding boxes, allowing
it to recognize and localize faces in real-time video streams with high accuracy for
3D.VGG16 is a well-known CNN architecture that has shown excellent performance in image classification
applications. Additional layers are added to the network to modify VGG16 for face detection:
a fully connected layer for classification and two fully connected levels for bounding box regression.

Result:

Facial expressions are a great way to guide cursor movement, with average accuracies of
about 95% and 95.5% for 2D and 3D models respectively. Head movements are an additional intriguing
technique with an accuracy rate of about 93% for 2D on average. Eye movements can be
used to precisely control the cursor, with average accuracy rates of about 94% and 93.5% for 2D
and 3D models respectively.

Conclusion:

The different CNN models were compared based on the accuracies out of which
VGG16 results better. 0.05% and 1.58% accuracy improvement was observed for the 3D model
over the 2D model for Facial expressions and head movements respectively.
Advances in Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Techniques and Multidisciplinary Applications
Authors: Zafar Sarvat
Published: January 2025

Researchers and scientists have shown significant interest in graphene-based nanomaterials
(GBNs) due to their remarkable physical and chemical properties. GBNs possess a two-dimensional
monolayer structure consisting of a hexagonal lattice arrangement of carbon atoms, resulting
in an exceptionally high surface-to-volume ratio. This unique characteristic renders GBNs
highly attractive for diverse applications, such as energy storage devices, water filtration technology,
and biomedicine. This comprehensive review article examines various synthetic approaches
for graphene production, elucidating their respective advantages and limitations. Additionally, it
explores the recent advancements in the utilization of graphene, encompassing lithium-ion batteries,
fuel cells, solar cells, supercapacitors, biosensors, imaging, and photothermal therapy, as
well as drug delivery systems. Finally, the article explores the potential implications of these developments
for future graphene-based materials.
Scientific and Technological Prospecting on Polymeric Particles Containing Extracellular Matrix Peptides for the Treatment of Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy
Authors: Filgueiras Livia Alves , Bandeira Silva Francisco Thiago , Alves Lima Francisco das Chagas , Mendes Anderson Nogueira
Published: January 2025

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease with an overall incidence of
between 1 in 5,000 newborn males. Carriers may manifest progressive muscle weakness, resulting
from the progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles, generating cardiac and respiratory disorders.
Considering the lack of effective treatments, different therapeutic approaches have been developed,
such as protein synthesis and extracellular matrix derivatives that can be used to improve muscle
regeneration, maintenance, or repair. At the same time, the use of other anti-inflammatory drugs or
biological agents to replace corticosteroids conjugated to these extracellular matrix derivatives may
act more effectively in controlling the progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Extracellular
matrix-derived peptides (eg laminin-111 derivatives) and the use of essential oils with antiinflammatory
activity in polymeric particles for application in the treatment of Duchenne muscular
dystrophy are discussed. For this purpose, the literature of patents and scientific articles from 2012–
2024 on LM-111 peptides and Duchenne muscular dystrophy was reviewed. Many patents focus on
palliative technologies that seek to prolong the progressive effects of the disease, considering the
control of the inflammatory process. The technological and scientific prospecting suggests the need
for continuous research on systems that can serve as a treatment for Dystrophy.
Preventing Personal Data Misuse: Legal Protection in Online Loans
Authors: Hartini Rahayu , Pramesti Yashinta Chindy , Moh.Ali Hasani
Published: January 2025

The rapid growth of online lending platforms in Indonesia has raised concerns regarding personal data misuse. This research examines the legal protections available to protect personal data in online lending by emphasising the importance of strict regulations and legal enforcement mechanisms. This research also explores how existing laws, including the Indonesian Personal Data Protection Law, exist. This normative legal research employs a statutory approach. This research highlights gaps in current legislation by analysing cases of personal data breaches and unethical practices. It offers recommendations for strengthening the legal framework to prevent misuse of personal information. The research concludes that a stronger legal approach is needed to protect consumers from potential harm from online lending and promote trust in digital financial services.
Disparity in Jurisprudence on Breaking a Marriage Promise
Authors: Wewo Jeremia Alexander
Published: January 2025

The study aims to analyse the differences in judicial decisions that classify breaking a marriage promise judgements as either breach of promise or wrongful acts against the Law and the legal implications of these differing judgments in breaking a marriage promise cases. The research adopts a normative legal approach. The findings reveal that the basis for judicial consideration in categorising cases as either breach of promise or wrongful acts varies significantly, as illustrated in two cases. In Case Number 8/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Mme, the judge ruled that the agreement between the petitioner and the respondent created a binding legal consequence, whereby the wedding vows established a binding commitment between the parties that could not be nullified, requiring good faith in fulfilment. Conversely, in Case Number 295/Pt.G/2020/PNKpg, the judge classified the respondent’s unfulfilled promise to marry the petitioner as wrongful, thus breaching the law. These differences in legal reasoning lead to legal uncertainty and the absence of legal order. The study suggests that a unified approach is essential for handling cases involving broken marriage promises, so that there is a need for the uniformity of the judge’s ruling in dealing with the marriage promises and this will be realized through the formulation of the provisions in the Circular Letter of the Supreme Court.
The Responsibility of Transboundary Haze Pollution: The Case of Wildfire in Canada
Authors: Gunawan Yordan , Hafsari Dhayu Ajeng , Khasanah Pentanita Uswatun , Arumbinang Mohammad Hazyar
Published: January 2025

Responsibility for losses other countries suffer due to haze pollution is a serious issue. Transboundary haze pollution responsibility is related to the impact of smog pollution in one country and negatively impacts other countries in the vicinity. A country should take responsibility for forest fires out of respect for the country and its citizens. One example is the forest fires in Canada that spread smoke to neighbouring countries. This involves cooperation between countries to reduce the risk of transboundary haze pollution. This article used qualitative descriptive research methods. Qualitative descriptive research methods seek to answer the "what," "how," or "why" questions related to the phenomenon under study. The aim is to understand the research subject deeply and not generalise the results to the wider population. This research article concludes the principle of state responsibility, which essentially contains the obligation of states that have an impact on other countries to make reparation to the aggrieved country and restore the condition of the concerned country. In Canada, there were frequent forest fires in previous years, causing haze that spread to various countries. By understanding the consequences of forest fires and haze spread, Indonesia should enhance its prevention and management strategies by adopting approaches from Canada's forest fire management. The Trail Smelter case serves as a benchmark for addressing haze pollution, and Canada's experience offers valuable lessons for Indonesia, which also faces similar wildfire risks.
Hospital Liability for Negligence of Medical Personnel Found in Hospitals Following the Issuance of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 82/PUU-XIII/2015
Authors: Khoironi Moh. Lu'ay , Nazidah Febrianti Putri Ainun
Published: January 2025

As an important element in welfare efforts, everyone has the right to health services, like those provided by hospitals seeking to treat visiting patients. This measure certainly entails several elements, including health workers and medical personnel as in line with the Constitutional Court Decision Number 82 / PUU-XII / 2015, declaring Article 11, Paragraph (1) letter a of Law Number 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals no longer valid, thus removing the existence of doctors and dentists as health workers. Under this decision, Doctors and dentists are identified as medical personnel. Article 46 of Law Number 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals regulates that in the event of a malpractice that causes harm by health workers, a hospital is responsible for this misconduct unless the practice is performed outside of the hospital. However, doctors and dentists are no longer identified as health workers under the decision. In other words, any negligence committed by doctors and dentists should no longer hold the hospital liable This research employs a normative method supported by statutory and case approaches, while the legal materials were analysed based on descriptive-analytical methods.