bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Snow vole (Chionomys nivalisMartins) affects the redistribution of soil organic matter and hormone‐like activity in the alpine ecosystem: ecological implications
Authors: Pizzeghello Diego , Cocco Stefania , Francioso Ornella , Ferrari Erika , Cardinali Alessandra , Nardi Serenella , Agnelli Alberto , Corti Giuseppe
Published: September 2015

In alpine environments, colonies of snow vole (Chionomys nivalisMartins) cause strong pedoturbation, which may affect humification process and soil organic matter (SOM) cycling, with repercussions on the hormone‐like activity of organics. We investigated the effect of snow vole pedoturbation on the chemical and spectroscopic features of soil organic fractions, and the potential hormone‐like activity of humic and fulvic acids (HA,FA). The study site was located on the high‐mountain environment of the Majella massif (central Italy). Pedoturbated and regular soils were morphologically described and characterized forpHand content of total organic carbon, total extractable carbon,HA, andFA. BothHAandFAwere extracted and investigated using attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance with high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS‐NMR), and1H‐13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC).HAandFAwere also tested for their auxin‐like and gibberellin‐like activities. Results provide evidences that bioturbated and regular soils contain a poorly decomposedSOM, butHAandFAwith a well‐defined molecular structure. TheHAandFAfrom both bioturbated and regular soils show a hormone‐like activity with a different allocation along the soil profile. In the regular soil, the highest auxin‐like activity was shown byHAandFAfrom Oe1 horizon, while gibberellin‐like activity was expressed byFAfrom Oe2 horizon. Burrowing activity determines a redistribution of organics throughout the profile with a relatively high auxin‐like activity in theFAfrom straw tunnel wall (STW) and gibberellin‐like activity in theHAfrom vole feces (VF). The relative high presence of carboxylic acids, amides, proteins, and amino acids in theFAfromSTWand the aromatic moieties in theHAfromVFput evidences for their different behavior. The fact that snow vole activity has modified the chemical and biological properties ofSOMin these soils otherwise considered governed only by low temperature has important ecological implications such as the preservation of soil fertility and vegetal biodiversity.
A Fluorescent 1,5‐Naphthalenedisulfonate Anion‐Linked Cucurbit[6]uril Framework
Authors: Liu Li , Yao Yuhang , Zhang Xuefang , Hao Ce
Published: September 2015

A highly ordered 3D framework from 1,5‐naphthalenedisulfonate (1,5‐NDS) and cucurbit[6]uril was synthesized and structurally determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structure demonstrates that the 1,5‐NDS anions act as linkers to connect the cucurbit[6]uril units together through C–H···O hydrogen bonds between the 1,5‐NDS anions and cucurbit[6]uril. Furthermore, with 1,5‐NDS as the fluorophore, the fluorescence properties of the corresponding assembly structure were investigated in the solid state. Relative to that observed for 1,5‐NDS, the assembly exhibited a blueshift in the fluorescence wavelength from λ = 406 to 340 nm along with decreased fluorescence intensity. Theoretical calculations were in good agreement with the experimental results and disclosed that the fluorescence mechanism of the assembly structure could be ascribed to the hydrogen bonds formed between the 1,5‐NDS anion and cucurbit[6]uril.
Unsteady shock‐fitting for unstructured grids
Authors: Bonfiglioli A. , Paciorri R. , Campoli L.
Published: September 2015

An unstructured, shock‐fitting algorithm, originally developed to simulate steady flows, has being further developed to make it capable of dealing with unsteady flows. The present paper discusses and analyses the additional features required to extend to unsteady flows, the steady algorithm. The properties of the unsteady version of this novel, unstructured shock‐fitting technique, are tested by reference to the inviscid interaction between a vortex and a planar shock: a comparative assessment of shock‐capturing and shock‐fitting is made for the same test problem. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical Performance of PrBaCo2O5+δ and Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ Infiltrated Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 Cathodes
Authors: Hsiao T.‐W. , Hsu P.‐H. , Chang C.‐L. , Hsu C.‐S. , Hwang B.‐H.
Published: September 2015

Cathodes with PrBaCo2O5+δ (PBC) and Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ (SSC) infiltrated on Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO) backbones are prepared using metal nitrates as precursors and ethanol as wetting agent. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) are measured from cathode/CGO/cathode symmetrical cells in 400–650 °C under humidified air. The results indicate that interfacial area specific resistance (ASR) value decreases and then increases with infiltrate loading and minimum values occur at 50 wt.% loading (relative to sum of infiltrate and backbone) for both PBC and SSC infiltrates. ASR values of PBC infiltrated cathodes are lower than that of corresponding SSC infiltrated cathodes in general, and in particular ASR values as low as 1.36 × 10−2 and 2.27 × 10−2 Ω cm2 are obtained at 650 °C in air for 50 wt.% PBC and 50 wt.% SSC infiltrated cathodes, respectively. Conductivity values of CGO electrolyte increase with infiltrate loading and agree with the reported values when the loading reaches 50 wt.%.
Lung cancer treatment is influenced by income, education, age and place of residence in a country with universal health coverage
Authors: Nilssen Yngvar , Strand Trond‐Eirik , Fjellbirkeland Lars , Bartnes Kristian , Brustugun Odd Terje , O'Connell Dianne L , Yu Xue Qin , Møller Bjørn
Published: September 2015

Selection of lung cancer treatment should be based on tumour characteristics, physiological reserves and preferences of the patient. Our aims were to identify and quantify other factors associated with treatment received. Lung cancer patient data from 2002 to 2011 were obtained from the national population‐based Cancer Registry of Norway, Statistics Norway and the Norwegian Patient Register. Multivariable logistic regression examined whether year of diagnosis, age, sex, education, income, health trust, smoking status, extent of disease, histology and comorbidities were associated with choice of treatment; surgery or radical or palliative radiotherapy, within 1 year of diagnosis. Among the 24,324 lung cancer patients identified, the resection rate remained constant while the proportion of radical radiotherapy administered increased from 8.6 to 14.1%. Older patients, those with lower household incomes and certain health trusts were less likely to receive any treatment. Lower education and the male gender were identified as negative predictors for receiving surgery. Smoking history was positively associated with both radical and palliative radiotherapy, while comorbidity and symptoms were independently associated with receiving surgery and palliative radiotherapy. Although Norway is a highly egalitarian country with a free, universal healthcare system, this study indicates that surgery and radical and palliative radiotherapy were under‐used among the elderly, those with a lower socioeconomic status and those living in certain health trusts.
The APC I1307K allele conveys a significant increased risk for cancer
Authors: Leshno Ari , Shapira Shiran , Liberman Eliezer , Kraus Sarah , Sror Miri , Harlap‐Gat Amira , Avivi Doran , Galazan Lior , David Maayan , Maharshak Nitsan , Moanis Serhan , Arber Nadir , Moshkowitz Menachem
Published: September 2015

This study is the first attempt to evaluate the association between the APC I1307K variant and overall cancer risk. It is unique in both its large sample size and in the reliability of data in the control group. The findings described in this article have major implications in terms of identifying asymptomatic individuals who are at increased risk to harbor cancer and therefore targeted to be enrolled in specific early detection and prevention programs. The prevalence of the APC I1307K missense mutation among Ashkenazi Jews is ∼6%. Carriers are at an increased risk for colorectal neoplasia. In this study, we examined the association of this variant with non‐colorectal cancers. Consecutive 13,013 healthy subjects who underwent screening at the Integrated Cancer Prevention Center between 2006 and 2014 were enrolled. This population was supplemented with 1,611 cancer patients from the same institution. Demographics, medical history, and pathological data were recorded. Mortality data were obtained from the Ministry of Health's registry. The prevalence of APC I1307K in cancer patients and healthy subjects was compared. The APC I1307K variant was detected in 189 (11.8%) cancer patients compared to 614 (4.7%) healthy subjects, reflecting an adjusted age and sex odds ratio (OR) of 2.53 (p < 0.0001). History of two or more cancer types was associated with a positive carrier prevalence (OR = 4.38 p < 0.0001). Males had significantly increased carrier prevalence in lung, urologic, pancreatic, and skin cancers. The carrier prevalence among females was significantly higher only in breast and skin cancers. Female carriers developed cancer at a significantly older age compared to non‐carriers (average 62.7 years vs. 57.8, respectively, p = 0.027), had better survival rates (HR = 0.58, p = 0.022) and overall increased longevity (average age of death 78.8 vs. 70.4 years, respectively, p = 0.003). In conclusion, the APC I1307K variant is a reliable marker for overall cancer risk (OR 2.53). Further studies are needed to evaluate its use for specific cancer types—particularly in males. Female carriers have better prognosis and increased lifespan.
Early bone response to machined, sandblasting acid etching (SLA) and novel surface‐functionalization (SLAffinity) titanium implants: characterization, biomechanical analysis and histological evaluation in pigs
Authors: Chiang Hsi‐Jen , Hsu Heng‐Jui , Peng Pei‐Wen , Wu Ching‐Zong , Ou Keng‐Liang , Cheng Han‐Yi , Walinski Christopher J. , Sugiatno Erwan
Published: September 2015

The purpose of the present study was to examine early tissue response and osseointegration in the animal model. The surface morphologies of SLAffinity were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The microstructures were examined by X‐ray diffraction, and hardness was measured by nanoindentation. Moreover, the safety and toxicity properties were evaluated using computer‐aided programs and cell cytotoxicity assays. In the animal model, implants were installed in the mandibular canine–premolar area of 12 miniature pigs. Each pig received three implants: machine, sandblasted, large grit, acid‐etched, and SLAffinity‐treated implants. The results showed that surface treatment did affect bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) significantly. At 3 weeks, the SLAffinity‐treated implants were found to present significantly higher BIC values than the untreated implants. The SLAffinity treatments enhanced osseointegration significantly, especially at early stages of bone tissue healing. As described above, the results of the present study demonstrate that the SLAffinity treatment is a reliable surface modification method. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 397–405, 2016.
Decreased Serotonin Levels and Serotonin-Mediated Osteoblastic Inhibitory Signaling in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Klavdianou Kalliopi , Liossis Stamatis-Nick , Papachristou Dionysios J , Theocharis Georgios , Sirinian Chaido , Kottorou Anastasia , Filippopoulou Alexandra , Andonopoulos Andrew P , Daoussis Dimitrios
Published: September 2015

Evidence suggests that serotonin is an inhibitor of bone formation. We aimed to assess: 1) serum serotonin levels in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a prototype bone-forming disease, compared with patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy subjects; 2) the effect(s) of TNFα blockers on serum serotonin levels in patients with AS and RA; and 3) the effect(s) of serum of AS patients on serotonin signaling. Serum serotonin levels were measured in 47 patients with AS, 28 patients with RA, and 40 healthy subjects by radioimmunoassay; t test was used to assess differences between groups. The effect of serum on serotonin signaling was assessed using the human osteoblastic cell line Saos2, evaluating levels of phospho-CREB by Western immunoblots. Serotonin serum levels were significantly lower in patients with AS compared with healthy subjects (mean ± SEM ng/mL 122.9 ± 11.6 versus 177.4 ± 24.58, p = 0.038) and patients with RA (mean ± SEM ng/mL 244.8 ± 37.5, p = 0.0004). Patients with AS receiving TNFα blockers had significantly lower serotonin levels compared with patients with AS not on such treatment (mean ± SEM ng/mL 95.8 ± 14.9 versus 149.2 ± 16.0, p = 0.019). Serotonin serum levels were inversely correlated with pCREB induction in osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells. Serotonin levels are low in patients with AS and decrease even further during anti-TNFα treatment. Differences in serotonin levels are shown to have a functional impact on osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells. Therefore, serotonin may be involved in new bone formation in AS. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Low‐energy structures of benzene clusters with a novel accurate potential surface
Authors: Bartolomei M. , Pirani F. , Marques J. M. C.
Published: September 2015

The benzene‐benzene (Bz‐Bz) interaction is present in several chemical systems and it is known to be crucial in understanding the specificity of important biological phenomena. In this work, we propose a novel Bz‐Bz analytical potential energy surface which is fine‐tuned on accurate ab initio calculations in order to improve its reliability. Once the Bz‐Bz interaction is modeled, an analytical function for the energy of the
clusters may be obtained by summing up over all pair potentials. We apply an evolutionary algorithm (EA) to discover the lowest‐energy structures of
clusters (for
), and the results are compared with previous global optimization studies where different potential functions were employed. Besides the global minimum, the EA also gives the structures of other low‐lying isomers ranked by the corresponding energy. Additional ab initio calculations are carried out for the low‐lying isomers of
and
clusters, and the global minimum is confirmed as the most stable structure for both sizes. Finally, a detailed analysis of the low‐energy isomers of the n = 13 and 19 magic‐number clusters is performed. The two lowest‐energy
isomers show S6 and C3 symmetry, respectively, which is compatible with the experimental results available in the literature. The
structures reported here are all non‐symmetric, showing two central Bz molecules surrounded by 12 nearest‐neighbor monomers in the case of the five lowest‐energy structures. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relation between the upper ocean heat content in the equatorial Atlantic during boreal spring and the Indian monsoon rainfall during June–September
Authors: Pottapinjara Vijay , Girishkumar M. S. , Sivareddy S. , Ravichandran M. , Murtugudde R.
Published: September 2015

Earlier studies have identified a teleconnection between the Atlantic zonal mode (AZM) and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR), both of which are active during the boreal summer (AZM: June–August; ISMR: June–September). It is known that El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐like coupled dynamics are operational in the tropical Atlantic during the AZM events. Our goal here is to extend this process understanding to seek a predictive relation between the tropical Atlantic and the ISMR based on these known teleconnections. Monthly composite analysis of the zonal surface winds, heat content, and sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial Atlantic tells us that signatures of a warm or cold AZM event begin to emerge as early as January of that year. We found significant correlations between the ISMR and the low level zonal winds in the western equatorial Atlantic and heat content in the eastern equatorial Atlantic in the boreal spring season. Tracking coherent changes in these winds and the evolution of the heat content in the deep tropical Atlantic in the boreal spring may offer the potential for skillful predictions of the ensuing summer monsoon anomalies, especially during non‐ENSO years when the predictability of ISMR tends to be low.
Spatio‐temporal variability of the properties of mesoscale convective systems over a complex terrain as observed byTRMMsensors
Authors: Choudhury Hupesh , Roy Partha , Kalita Sarbeswar , Sharma Sanjay
Published: September 2015

A study of spatio‐temporal variability of the properties of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) is carried out during 1998–2012 over a complex terrain (20°–30°N; 80°–100°E). The regions of the maximum population and the most intenseMCSsare not associated with the maximum rainfall. The deepestMCSsare not necessarily the most intense and they are predominantly found during monsoon seasons. The most intenseMCSsare found during pre‐monsoon over the region A (the plains of Gangetic West Bengal, Bangladesh and Chota Nagpur Plateau) with significant reduction in intensity in monsoon. Region B (the eastern Himalaya foothills and Pegu Yoma highland) consists of relatively weakMCSswith marginal changes in their intensity from pre‐monsoon to monsoon. There is a longitudinal shift in the position of the most intenseMCSsduring pre‐monsoon to monsoon. Region A is associated with larger ice effective radius and ice water content in the mixed phase region compared to Region B, with significantly higher values during pre‐monsoon. During pre‐monsoon,MCSsover the regions A and B have continental and marine characteristics, respectively, whereas during monsoon both the regions have marine characteristics. There is an increasing trend in precipitation height over both the regions. For population as well as intensity, there is a contrast trend between regionsA(decreasing) andB(increasing), which is supported by the trend of convective available potential energy (CAPE). During pre‐monsoon (monsoon) season, region A is associated with moderate (moderate) value ofCAPEand high (low) values of wind shear; Whereas region B is associated with low (moderate)CAPEand high (low) values of wind shear. Overall significant spatio‐temporal variability in the properties ofMCSsis observed, which is associated with distinctly different thermodynamical, dynamical and microphysical processes.
Platelets and plasma stimulate sheep rotator cuff tendon tenocytes when cultured in an extracellular matrix scaffold
Authors: Kelly Brian A. , Proffen Benedikt L. , Haslauer Carla M. , Murray Martha M.
Published: September 2015

The addition of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) to rotator cuff repair has not translated into improved outcomes after surgery. However, recent work stimulating ligament healing has demonstrated improved outcomes when PRP or whole blood is combined with an extracellular matrix carrier. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three components of blood (plasma, platelets, and macrophages) on the in vitro activity of ovine rotator cuff cells cultured in an extracellular matrix environment. Tenocytes were obtained from six ovine infraspinatus tendons and cultured over 14 days in an extracellular matrix scaffold with the following additives: (1) plasma (PPP), (2) plasma and platelets (PAP), (3) plasma and macrophages (PPPM), (4) plasma, platelets and macrophages (PAPM), (5) phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and (6) PBS with macrophages (PBSM). Assays measuring cellular metabolism (AlamarBlue), proliferation (Quantitative DNA assay), synthesis of collagen and cytokines (SIRCOL, TNF‐α and IL‐10 ELISA, and MMP assay), and collagen gene expression (qPCR) were performed over the duration of the experiment, as well as histology at the conclusion. Plasma was found to stimulate cell attachment and spreading on the scaffold, as well as cellular proliferation. Platelets also stimulated cell proliferation, cellular metabolism, transition of cells to a myofibroblast phenotype, and contraction of the scaffolds. The addition of macrophages did not have any significant effect on the sheep rotator cuff cells in vitro. In vivo studies are needed to determine whether these changes in cellular function will translate into improved tendon healing. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:623–629, 2016.
Synergistic effect of exogeneous and endogeneous electrostimulation on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells seeded on silk scaffolds
Authors: Çakmak Anıl S. , Çakmak Soner , White James D. , Raja Waseem K. , Kim Kyungsook , Yiğit Sezin , Kaplan David L. , Gümüşderelioğlu Menemşe
Published: September 2015

Bioelectrical regulation of bone fracture healing is important for many cellular events such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultivated on silk scaffolds in response to different modes of electrostimulation (e.g., exogeneous and/or endogeneous). Endogeneous electrophysiology was altered through the use of monensin (10 nM) and glibenclamide (10 μM), along with external electrostimulation (60 kHz; 100–500 mV). Monensin enhanced the expression of early osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX‐2). When exogeneous electrostimulation was combined with glibenclamide, more mature osteogenic marker upregulation based on bone sialoprotein expression (BSP) and mineralization was found. These results suggest the potential to exploit both exogeneous and endogeneous biophysical control of cell functions towards tissue‐specific goals. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:581–590, 2016.
Postoperative hepatitis B virus reactivation and surgery‐induced immunosuppression in patients with hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xie Zhi‐Bo , Zhu Shao‐Liang , Peng Yu‐Chong , Chen Jie , Wang Xiao‐Bo , Ma Liang , Bai Tao , Xiang Bang‐De , Li Le‐Qun , Zhong Jian‐Hong
Published: September 2015

Background

Hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients lead to postoperative hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation (PHR) as well as immunosuppression.

Methods

This prospective study involved 135 HBV‐related HCC patients and 42 control hepatic hemangioma patients.

Results

Among HCC patients, 26 (19.3%) suffered PHR. Risk factors for PHR were HBV‐cAg S1 positivity [hazard ratio (HR) = 404.82, P = 0.004], high preoperative total bilirubin level (HR = 186.38, P = 0.036), small preoperative proportions of CD3−CD16 + CD56 + cells (HR = 0.01, P = 0.014) and CD19 + B cells (HR = 0.02, P = 0.016), blood transfusion (HR = 157.03, P = 0.006) and high liver cirrhosis S score (HR = 270.45, P = 0.004). On postoperative day (POD) 3, PHR patients showed much greater immunosuppression than non‐PHR patients based on proportions of T cells (CD3+, CD3 + CD4+, CD3 + CD8+), B cells (CD19+) and on levels of IgG, IgA antibodies, complement proteins C3, and C4. By POD 7, PHR patients had partially recovered but not as quickly as non‐PHR patients: PHR patients still showed deficits in T cells (CD3+, CD3 + CD4+), CD3−CD16 + CD56+ cells and in levels of IgM, C3, C4, and C‐reactive protein.

Conclusion

PHR may be associated with resection‐induced immunosuppression in patients with HBV‐related HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:634–642. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation of minimal extrathyroidal extension with pathologic features of lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Lee Hyoung Shin , Park Chanwoo , Kim Sung Won , Park Taejung , Chun Bong Kwon , Hong Jong Chul , Lee Kang Dae
Published: September 2015

Background

The impact of minimal extrathyroidal extension (mETE) to the prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is controversial. In this study, we investigated whether mETE is related to the aggressive biology of metastatic lymph node (LN) in patients with PTC.

Methods

A retrospective review of 369 patients who had biopsy‐confirmed cervical LN metastasis after initial surgery for PTC was conducted. The correlations of mETE with the specific features of metastatic LNs such as the LN size, number, LN ratio, and presence of extranodal extension (ENE) were statistically analyzed.

Results

Size of the primary tumor (≥1 cm) had independent correlations to mETE (HR = 5.750). While mETE was related to number of metastatic LNs (≥5), LN ratio (≥0.31) and ENE in univariate analysis, only ENE (HR = 2.322) was independently correlated to mETE in our series. Along with mETE, size of primary tumor (≥1 cm) had significant impact on ENE (HR = 2.107).

Conclusion

Minimal ETE particularly those with larger primary tumor (≥1 cm) may be still considered as a significant factor regarding the management of cervical LNs in patients with PTC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:592–596. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence‐guided laparoscopic adrenalectomy
Authors: DeLong Jonathan C. , Chakedis Jeffrey M. , Hosseini Ava , Kelly Kaitlyn J. , Horgan Santiago , Bouvet Michael
Published: September 2015

Objective

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the standard of care for many adrenal tumors. However, the success of the operation hinges on identifying the adrenal vein and complete tumor resection. We demonstrate the use of a commercially available near infrared fluorescent imaging system to clearly delineate the vascular anatomy of adrenal neoplasms and enhance the border between tumor and normal tissue. We hypothesize that this will increase the safety of laparoscopic adrenalectomy.

Materials and Methods

We performed laparoscopic adrenalectomy utilizing indocyanine green (ICG) and a specialized laparoscopic fluorescence imaging system on four consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy over a 4‐month period.

Results

The adrenal arteries and vein were vividly enhanced with ICG fluorescence guidance, and the border between tumor and adjacent tissue was clearly demarcated. The operations were performed safely with minimal blood loss and short operative times. There were no complications.

Conclusions

Adrenal neoplasms can be resected laparoscopically under ICG fluorescence guidance and can be used to clearly identify vascular structures and enhance the borders of the tumor. This technique allows for clear identification of the adrenal vein and has the potential to improve the safety of laparoscopic adrenalectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:650–653. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wound healing in the flight membranes of wild big brown bats
Authors: Pollock Tyler , Moreno Christian R. , Sánchez Lida , Ceballos‐Vasquez Alejandra , Faure Paul A. , Mora Emanuel C.
Published: September 2015

The flight membranes of bats are susceptible to damage (e.g., holes and tears) from a number of sources, including impacts with natural and man‐made objects, fighting between conspecifics, and attacks by predators or pathogens. Biologists routinely biopsy bat wings as a method of tissue collection for molecular research, and sometimes for the temporary identification of animals in the field. A previous study reported that captive big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) rapidly and completely healed flight membrane wounds. Given that limited care is provided to animals following tissue biopsy in the field, we sought to determine whether healing times for wounds from bats in captivity were applicable to bats in the wild. We measured and compared healing times of wounds in the wing and tail membranes of 50 non‐reproductive female big brown bats from a wild population in Cuba following recapture. Tail wounds healed significantly faster than wing wounds of the same size, likely because of the increased thickness and vasculature of the tail membrane. Our data are concordant with a previous laboratory study in captive big brown bats, and confirm that tail membrane biopsies are better for obtaining tissue samples for molecular work because tail wounds heal faster than wing wounds. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
A cost and time analysis of laryngology procedures in the endoscopy suite versus the operating room
Authors: Hillel Alexander T. , Ochsner Matthew C. , Johns Michael M. , Klein Adam M.
Published: September 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

To assess the costs, charges, reimbursement, and efficiency of performing awake laryngology procedures in an endoscopy suite (ES) compared with like procedures performed in the operating room (OR).

Study Design

Retrospective review of billing records.

Methods

Cost, charges, and reimbursements for the hospital, surgeon, and anesthesiologist were compared between ES injection laryngoplasty and laser excision procedures and matched case controls in the OR. Time spent in 1) the preoperative unit, 2) the operating or endoscopy suite, and 3) recovery unit were compared between OR and ES procedures.

Results

Hospital expenses were significantly less for ES procedures when compared to OR procedures. Reimbursement was similar for ES and OR injection laryngoplasty, though greater for OR laser excisions. Net balance (reimbursement–expenses) was greater for ES procedures. A predictive model of payer costs over a 3‐year period showed similar costs for ES and OR laser procedures and reduced costs for ES compared to OR injection laryngoplasty. Times spent preoperatively and the procedure were significantly less for ES procedures.

Conclusions

For individual laryngology procedures, the ES reduces time and costs compared to the OR, increasing otolaryngologist and hospital efficiency. This reveals cost and time savings of ES injection laryngoplasty, which occurs at a similar frequency as OR injection laryngoplasty. Given the increased frequency for ES laser procedures, total costs are similar for ES and OR laser excision of papilloma, which usually require repeated procedures. When regulated office space is unavailable, endoscopy rooms represent an alternative setting for unsedated laryngology procedures.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 126:1385–1389, 2016
Progressive cranial nerve involvement and grading of facial paralysis in gelsolin amyloidosis
Authors: Pihlamaa Tiia , Salmi Tapani , Suominen Sinikka , Kiuru‐Enari Sari
Published: September 2015

Introduction

Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (GA) is a rare condition caused by the gelsolin gene mutation. The diagnostic triad includes corneal lattice dystrophy (type 2), progressive bilateral facial paralysis, and cutis laxa. Detailed information on facial paralysis in GA and the extent of cranial nerve injury is lacking.

Methods

29 GA patients undergoing facial corrective surgery were interviewed, examined, and studied electroneurophysiologically.

Results

All showed dysfunction of facial (VII) and trigeminal (V) nerves, two‐thirds of oculomotor (III) and hypoglossal (XII) nerves, and half of vestibulocochlear (acoustic) (VIII) nerve. Clinical involvement of frontal, zygomatic, and buccal facial nerve branches was seen in 97%, 83%, and 52% of patients, respectively. Electromyography showed marked motor unit potential loss in facial musculature.

Conclusions

Cranial nerve involvement in GA is more widespread than previously described, and correlates with age, severity of facial paralysis, and electromyographic findings. We describe a grading method for bilateral facial paralysis in GA, which is essential for evaluation of disease progression and the need for treatment. Muscle Nerve 53: 762–769, 2016
Physical mechanisms responsible for the water‐induced degradation of PC61BM P3HT photovoltaic thin films
Authors: Parnell Andrew J. , Cadby Ashley J. , Dunbar Alan D. F. , Roberts George L. , Plumridge Alex , Dalgliesh Robert M. , Skoda Maximilian W. A. , Jones Richard A. L.
Published: September 2015

We show that [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) at the surface of thin film blends of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):PC61BM can be patterned by water. Using a series of heating and cooling steps, water droplets condense onto the blend film surface. This is possible due to the liquid‐like, water swollen layer of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate. Breath pattern water deformation and subsequent drying on the film surface results in isolated PC61BM structures, showing that migration of PC61BM takes place. This was confirmed by selective wavelength illumination to spatially map the photoluminescence from the P3HT and PC61BM. Within a device, redistribution of the surface PC61BM into aggregates would be catastrophic, as it would markedly alter device performance. We also postulate that repeated volume change of the poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate layer by water swelling may be, in part, responsible for the delamination failure mechanism in thin film solar cells devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 141–146
Validation of the Brazilian version of the childhood asthma control test (c‐ACT)
Authors: Oliveira Suelen G. , Sarria Edgar E. , Roncada Cristian , Stein Renato T. , Pitrez Paulo M. , Mattiello Rita
Published: September 2015

Background

Children's perception of their symptoms has proved reliable and relevant to disease management and should be considered when assessing their asthma control. The aim of the study is to validate the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Childhood Asthma Control Test (c‐ACT) in children aged 4–11 years.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study in children diagnosed with asthma undergoing treatment in a pediatric pulmonology outpatient clinic in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The translation and linguistic adaptation of the instrument were performed in accordance with international recommendations for questionnaire validation.

Results

A total of 105 participants were included, aged 4–11 years. Validity: all correlations between the total score and items on the questionnaire were significant and obtained values of r ≥ 0.3, and c‐ACT means showed statistically significant differences between the GINA categories (P < 0.01). The controlled asthma group showed significantly higher c‐ACT scores than those of uncontrolled asthma group (controlled 22.0 ± 2.9 vs. uncontrolled 16.3 ± 5.3 P < 0.01); and partially controlled asthma group showed significantly higher c‐ACT scores than those of uncontrolled asthma group (partially controlled 20.0 ± 4.0 vs. uncontrolled 16.3 ± 5.3 P = 0.03). Correlations between the c‐ACT total score and spirometry and nitric oxide were poor (r = 0.020; P = 0.866 and r = 0.035; P = 0.753, respectively). Reliability: the α–C coefficient for the c‐ACT total score was 0.677 (95%CI 0.573–0763). Sensitivity to change had an effect size of 0.8 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.598. No floor or ceiling effects were observed.

Conclusion

The Brazilian version of the Childhood Asthma Control Test proved to be valid and reliable in children aged 4–11 years. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:358–363. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling conformational redox‐switch modulation of human succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
Authors: Tamazian Gaik , Ho Chang Jeong , Knyazev Sergey , Stepanov Eugene , Kim Kyung‐Jin , Porozov Yuri
Published: September 2015

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) converts succinic semialdehyde (SSA) to succinic acid in the mitochondrial matrix and is involved in the metabolism of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). The molecular structure of human SSADH revealed the intrinsic regulatory mechanism—redox‐switch modulation—by which large conformational changes are brought about in the catalytic loop through disulfide bonding. The crystal structures revealed two SSADH conformations, and computational modeling of transformation between them can provide substantial insights into detailed dynamic redox modulation. On the basis of these two clear crystal structures, we modeled the conformational motion between these structures in silico. For that purpose, we proposed and used a geometry‐based coarse‐grained mathematical model of long‐range protein motion and the related modeling algorithm. The algorithm is based on solving the special optimization problem, which is similar to the classical Monge–Kantorovich mass transportation problem. The modeled transformation was supported by another morphing method based on a completely different framework. The result of the modeling facilitates better interpretation and understanding of the SSADH biological role. Proteins 2015; 83:2217–2229. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal structures of halohydrin hydrogen‐halide‐lyases from Corynebacterium sp. N‐1074
Authors: Watanabe Fumiaki , Yu Fujio , Ohtaki Akashi , Yamanaka Yasuaki , Noguchi Keiichi , Yohda Masafumi , Odaka Masafumi
Published: September 2015

Halohydrin hydrogen‐halide‐lyase (H‐Lyase) is a bacterial enzyme that is involved in the degradation of halohydrins. This enzyme catalyzes the intramolecular nucleophilic displacement of a halogen by a vicinal hydroxyl group in halohydrins to produce the corresponding epoxides. The epoxide products are subsequently hydrolyzed by an epoxide hydrolase, yielding the corresponding 1, 2‐diol. Until now, six different H‐Lyases have been studied. These H‐Lyases are grouped into three subtypes (A, B, and C) based on amino acid sequence similarities and exhibit different enantioselectivity. Corynebacterium sp. strain N‐1074 has two different isozymes of H‐Lyase, HheA (A‐type) and HheB (B‐type). We have determined their crystal structures to elucidate the differences in enantioselectivity among them. All three groups share a similar structure, including catalytic sites. The lack of enantioselectivity of HheA seems to be due to the relatively wide size of the substrate tunnel compared to that of other H‐Lyases. Among the B‐type H‐Lyases, HheB shows relatively high enantioselectivity compared to that of HheBGP1. This difference seems to be due to amino acid replacements at the active site tunnel. The binding mode of 1, 3‐dicyano‐2‐propanol at the catalytic site in the crystal structure of the HheB‐DiCN complex suggests that the product should be (R)‐epichlorohydrin, which agrees with the enantioselectivity of HheB. Comparison with the structure of HheC provides a clue for the difference in their enantioselectivity. Proteins 2015; 83:2230–2239. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoluminescence enhancement by localized surface plasmons in AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double heterostructures
Authors: Polyakov Alexander Y. , Yun Jin‐Hyeon , Ahn Haeng‐Keun , Usikov Alexander S. , Yakimov Eugene B. , Tarelkin Sergey A. , Smirnov Nikolai B. , Shcherbachev Kirill D. , Helava Heikki , Makarov Yuri N. , Kurin Sergey Yu , Didenko Sergey I. , Papchenko Boris P. , Lee In‐Hwan
Published: September 2015

Double heterostructures AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy and designed for use as light emitting diodes for 360 nm wavelength were patterned by shallow nanoholes and injected with Ag/SiO2 or Al nanoparticles. A 1.8 times increase in the photoluminescence and microcathodoluminescence signal from the GaN active region was observed for 100 nm diameter Al nanoparticles, the efficiency decreased compared to the reference planar samples for small Al nanoparticles of 30–40 nm diameter, and a moderate increase of 1.2 times was detected for Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles. The observed phenomena are explained by the GaN emitter coupling with localized surface plasmons produced by metallic nanoparticles. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studies on the ultrastructure in Anacardium occidentale L. leaves from Amazon in northern Brazil by scanning microscopy
Authors: Ramos Glenda Quaresma , Cotta Eduardo Adriano , da Fonseca Filho Henrique Duarte
Published: September 2015

Leaves surfaces have various structures with specific functions and contribute to the relationship with the environment. On morphological studies are analyzed various parameters, ranging from macro scale through the micro scale to the nanometer scale, which contribute to the study of taxonomy, pharmacognosy, and ecology, among others. Functional structures found in leaves are responsible for the wide variety of surfaces and some behaviors are given in terms of cellular adaptation and the presence or absence of wax. This study reports the characterization of Anacardium occidentale L. leaf surface and the techniques used therein. A set of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images performed on fresh leaf allowed observation of textured and heterogeneous profiles on both sides. SCANNING 38:329–335, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A S‐Layer Protein of Bacillus anthracis as a Building Block for Functional Protein Arrays by In Vitro Self‐Assembly
Authors: Wang Xu‐Ying , Wang Dian‐Bing , Zhang Zhi‐Ping , Bi Li‐Jun , Zhang Ji‐Bin , Ding Wei , Zhang Xian‐En
Published: September 2015

S‐layer proteins create a cell‐surface layer architecture in both bacteria and archaea. Because S‐layer proteins self‐assemble into a native‐like S‐layer crystalline structure in vitro, they are attractive building blocks in nanotechnology. Here, the potential use of the S‐layer protein EA1 from Bacillus anthracis in constructing a functional nanostructure is investigated, and apply this nanostructure in a proof‐of‐principle study for serological diagnosis of anthrax. EA1 is genetically fused with methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH), to degrade methyl parathion and provide a label for signal amplification. EA1 not only serves as a nanocarrier, but also as a specific antigen to capture anthrax‐specific antibodies. As results, purified EA1–MPH forms a single layer of crystalline nanostructure through self‐assembly. Our chimeric nanocatalyst greatly improves enzymatic stability of MPH. When applied to the detection of anthrax‐specific antibodies in serum samples, the detection of our EA1–MPH nanostructure is nearly 300 times more sensitive than that of the unassembled complex. Together, it is shown that it is possible to build a functional and highly sensitive nanosensor based on S‐layer protein. In conclusion, our present study should serve as a model for the development of other multifunctional nanomaterials using S‐layer proteins.
Computational and Experimental Study on the Critical Unstable Shape of Cold‐Rolled Strip
Authors: Song Lei , Shen Minggang , Jiang Zhengyi , Zhao Jingwei , Wang Junsheng , Chen Xuebo
Published: September 2015

In this paper, the effect of transverse thickness difference and width‐to‐thickness ratio on the critical unstable shape of cold‐rolled strip is studied computationally and experimentally. Firstly, the influence model under actual working conditions is developed by referring to the basic relationship between transverse thickness difference and shape under ideal conditions. After that, the combined influence of transverse thickness difference and width‐to‐thickness ratio on the critical unstable shape is analyzed based on the elastic sheet stability model. Experimental validations demonstrate that during the production of ultrathin strip steel with different width‐to‐thickness ratios, the loading roller shapes should be fine adjusted according to the transverse thickness difference of input strips. Therefore, the variation of transverse thickness difference of output strips can meet the requirement of shape stability, so as to obtain fine shape.
What to expect if you are sued
Authors: Badenoch QC James
Published: September 2015

Like all professionals, healthcare professionals may be sued. In medicine it seems increasingly likely as we move away from the era of ‘doctor knows best’. In this article James Badenoch QC describes what happens from the first letter telling you there is a problem to the final judgement in court.
The gold standard prostate cancer journey: from the patient's perspective
Authors: Perera Roshani , Wotton Roger
Published: September 2015

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the UK. Over 40,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer every year and over 250 000 are currently living with the condition.1 In 2014 a working group comprised of charities, patients and healthcare professionals came together to identify what quality of care in prostate cancer really means to patients and their carers. The authors discuss the key findings from the quality standard developed by the working group and what still needs to be done to achieve a gold standard of care from the patient's perspective.
‘Should I get a PSA test?’ – the question is not that simple
Authors: Wibowo Erik , Schellhammer Paul F. , Montie James E. , Lange Paul H. , Goldenberg S. Larry , Wassersug Richard J.
Published: September 2015

PSA screening for prostate cancer is a controversial issue around the world. In this article the authors describe the situation in North America where screening is not being advised. They argue that patients should be tested and that men will adapt and learn to live with the results as active surveillance becomes more acceptable.
Health Improvement Project Zanzibar: a new model of healthcare delivery
Authors: Spencer Mike , Greville‐Heygate Fiona , Singer Ramsay , Rees Jonathan , MacDonagh Ruaraidh
Published: September 2015

The effectiveness of aid programmes in delivering improvements on the ground in resource‐poor countries is often questioned. In this article the authors describe a project involving the direct, semi‐autonomous running of two hospitals in Zanzibar and highlight the successes they have achieved.
Design and model confirmation of the intermediate scale VolturnUS floating wind turbine subjected to its extreme design conditions offshore Maine
Authors: Viselli Anthony M. , Goupee Andrew J. , Dagher Habib J. , Allen Christopher K.
Published: September 2015

Floating offshore wind turbines are gaining considerable interest in the renewable energy sector. Design standards for floating offshore wind turbines such as the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) Guide for Building and Classing Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Installations are relatively new and few if any floating wind turbines have yet experienced the prescribed design extreme environmental conditions. Only a few pilot floating turbines have been deployed in Europe and Japan. These turbines have been designed for long return period storm events and are not likely to see their extreme design conditions during early deployment periods because of the low probability of occurrence. This paper presents data collected for an intermediate scale floating semi‐submersible turbine intentionally placed offshore Maine in a carefully selected site that subjects the prototype to scale extreme conditions on a frequent basis. This prototype, called VolturnUS 1:8, was the first grid‐connected offshore wind turbine in the Americas, and is a 1:8 scale model of a 6 MW prototype. The test site produces with a high probability 1:8 scale wave environments, and a commercial turbine has been selected so that the wind environment/rotor combination produces 1:8‐scale aerodynamic loads appropriate for the site wave environment. In the winter of 2013–2014, this prototype has seen the equivalent of 50 year to 500 year return period storms exercising it to the limits prescribed by design standards, offering a unique look at the behavior of a floating turbine subjected to extreme design conditions. Performance data are provided and compared to full‐scale predicted values from numerical models. There are two objectives in presenting this data and associated analysis: (i) validate numerical aeroelastic hydrodynamic coupled models and (ii) investigate the performance of a near full‐scale floating wind turbine in a real offshore environment that closely matches the prescribed design conditions from the ABS Guide. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.