bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exfoliative cytology and biliary biopsy using a percutaneous transhepatic biliary tube
Authors: Okamura Jun , Monden Morito , Horikawa Shinichi , Gotoh Mitsukazu , Kosaki Goro , Kuroda Chikazumi , Sakurai Masami
Published: February 2007

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary cytology and biopsy was carried out in 19 patients with a malignancy‐related jaundice, using a percutaneous transhepatic biliary tube. The preoperative diagnosis was positive in 17 patients (89%). This simple and safe method will facilitate operative procedures, diagnosis, and palliative chemotherapy regimens.
Measurement of progesterone receptor in human renal cell carcinoma and normal renal tissue
Authors: McDonald Michael W. , Diokno Ananias C. , Seski Jan C. , Menon K. M. J.
Published: February 2007

Progesterone receptor was measured in eight samples of renal cell carcinoma, nine samples of normal renal tissue, and one sample of melanoma tissue. Progesterone receptor was identified in all samples, with the exception of one renal cell carcinoma. Three patients, all with receptor‐positive tumors, were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate for metastatic disease. In one of these patients there was a partial objective response to treatment. Further research regarding progesterone receptor in renal cell carcinoma is indicated.
A rationale for surgical detection of cancer without hospitalization
Authors: Azzarelli Alberto , Quagliuolo Vittorio , Menotti Velio , Pietro Sergio Di
Published: February 2007

During 1980, in strict accordance with indication schedules outlined for breast, skin, oral cavity, lymph node, and soft tissue lesions, 2,499 patients were selected and operated on in the outpatient department of our institution. The main purpose was early detection of unexpected cancer without hospitalization. Of 1,266 breast operations, 99 (7.8%) unexpected carcinomas and 67 (5.3%) borderline or precancerous lesions were detected, with a higher rate of T1 and N—cases than were found in hospitalized breast carcinoma patients: Tl, 61% vs 38%; N—, 68% vs 54%. The specimens of 1,048 skin and oral cavity lesions revealed 261 (24.9%) squamous or basal cell carcinomas, and most of them were cured by the outpatient surgery itself. Removal of 149 suspicious nevi revealed 20 (13.4%) unexpected malignant melanomas; 185 operations on lymph node and soft tissues detected 44 lymphomas (31 unexpected), 36 metastatic lymph nodes (five unexpected), and six sarcomas (five unexpected). These data confirm the validity of and necessity for surgical outpatient operations in selected cases.
Leucocyte adherence inhibition and carcinoembryonic antigen in combination for diagnosis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Payne J. E. , Dent O. , Chapuis P. H. , Meyer H. J. , Sutherland M. A. , Ruwoldt A.
Published: February 2007

A combination of leucocyte adherence (LAI) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) diagnosed colorectal carcinoma with 91% sensitivity and 68% specificity. Relative operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to calculate the cutoff points for optimum detectability in a group of 159 patients with bowel symptoms who were investigated by endoscopy and radiology. Combining LAI and CEA would be likely to reduce the chance of missed diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma when x‐ray and colonoscopic findings are equivocal.
Skip metastases in osteosarcoma: Recent experience
Authors: Malawer Martin M. , Dunham William K.
Published: February 2007

Osteosarcoma associated with a skip metastasis (SM) is a rare occurrence. The impact of modern chemotherapy on this entity has not been previously reported. This paper presents three cases treated by primary amputation and postoperative chemotherapy. All patients developed typical pulmonary and subsequent bony metastases. The average disease‐free interval was 6.7 months. None appeared to benefit either from intensive chemotherapy or thoracotomy. The disease disseminated extensively in all three patients without radiologic or clinical response to the varied chemotherapeutic or additional surgical procedures. We conclude that a SM is a grave prognostic sign despite modern adjuvant modalities and suggest that a different therapeutic strategy is required.
Preoperative chemotherapy followed by mastectomy for locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: Schick Peter , Goodstein Jordan , Moor John , Butler John , Senter Kenneth L.
Published: February 2007

Six patients with advanced local‐regional breast cancer were reviewed. Five out of the six patients previously had had radiation therapy as part of the initial therapy. All patients had preoperative cycles of combination chemotherapy, either CMF or CAF. The two stage III patients had greater than 75% reduction in measurable tumor mass, which allowed a conventional modified radical or radical mastectomy to be performed. Both of these patients are now disease free at 26 and 27 months. The four stage IV patients had lesser operations following the chemotherapy (two simple mastectomies, one simple mastectomy plus axillary resection, and one axillary debulking). Reconstruction utilized advancement flaps in three patients and split‐thickness skin grafts in the other. None of the patients had postoperative wound problems, and none of the patients had further problems with local cancer control. All patients had combination chemotherapy starting two to six weeks following surgery. Preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery plays an important role in management of locally advanced stage III and stage IV breast cancer.
Fibrosarcoma associated with intensive chemotherapy for advanced germ cell testicular tumor
Authors: Klein Frederick A. , Herr Harry W. , Vugrin Davor
Published: February 2007

A case is presented in which an abdominal low grade fibrosarcoma developed 4 years after completion of a 3‐year therapeutic regimen of intensive combination therapy for a metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis.
Immune RNA therapy as an effective adjuvant immunotherapy after surgery: An animal model
Authors: Aarons Scott , Krishnan Engikolai C. , Mebust Winston K. , Jewell William R.
Published: February 2007

Transfer of tumor immunity as adjuvant cancer therapy has been a topic of intense interest. We have examined the efficacy of various combinations of surgery, xenogeneic immune RNA, xenogeneic normal RNA, tumor vaccine, and nonspecific splenocytes as adjuvant therapy for B16 melanoma in the C57BL/6J mouse system. B16 melanoma was transplanted by trocar into the right hind limb of 6‐week‐old mice. The tumors were readily palpable on the ninth day posttransplantation. The tumors were amputated at that time under mild anesthesia. Immune RNA was prepared by hot phenol extraction from immune sheep spleens. Various combinations of immune RNA, normal RNA, and tumor antigen, with or without normal mouse spleen cells, were administered every other day for a total of 10 injections. The survival and mode of death was followed up to 120 days. All mice without any treatment died within 30 days. Immunotherapy had no effect on the survival of mice that did not have surgical therapy. Individual group comparisons between mice that underwent surgery only and mice that had surgery plus immune RNA immunotherapy revealed a striking statistical improvement (P < 0.01). Comparing all groups that received amputation plus various combinations of adjuvant immunotherapy showed no statistical difference in survival. However, immune RNA appears somewhat superior to normal RNA or antigen only. It appears that adjuvant immune RNA immunotherapy following surgical excision in the B16 melanoma model significantly improves survival and retards the spread of metastases.
Leukonychia striata associated with breast carcinoma
Authors: Hortobagyi G. N.
Published: February 2007

A 67‐year‐old lady with breast cancer developed leukonychia striata without preceding or simultaneous changes in clinical status, diet, or treatment. Causal relation to breast cancer is proposed.
Extraskeletal Ewings sarcoma
Authors: Chen Karl T. K. , Padmanabhan A.
Published: February 2007

A case of Ewings sarcoma arising in the soft tissue of the thumb is described. This appears to be the first case of digital extraskeletal Ewings sarcoma. The soft tissue location, the primary rather than metastatic nature, and the tumor type in this case were well documented.
Anaplastic transformation of thyroid cancer: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Mooradian Arshag D. , Allam Charles K. , Khalil Maryse F. , Salti Ibrahim , Salem Philip A.
Published: February 2007

Transformation of well‐differentiated thyroid adenocarcinoma to anaplastic cancer has been occasionally reported. Two new cases of such transformation are now described. The time interval from diagnosis to the development of anaplastic cancer was 15 years in the first patient and 10 years in the second. Both patients ultimately developed extensive bilateral pulmonary metastases and died within 6 months from the diagnosis of the transformation. Hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of the transformation and the literature were reviewed. We believe that histopathological confirmation of recurrent and rapidly progressive thyroid tumors is necessary prior to initiation of therapy.
Blood flow in human tumors during hyperthermia therapy: Demonstration of vasoregulation and an applicable physiological model
Authors: Olch Arthur J. , Kaiser Larry R. , Silberman Allan W. , Storm F. Kristian , Graham L. Stephan , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

A quantitative assessment of the effect of localized magnetic‐loop hyperthermia on blood flow was performed in 12 human tumors using the133Xe clearance method. Because blood flow in these tumors changed in response to needle injection, a physiologically based, one‐compartment model was developed that included both a hyperemic and a steady‐state component. In six tumors, changes in blood flow induced by heat were also observed. The ability of tumor vessels to respond dynamically to stress and the degree of response may be predictive of tumor heating capacity and subsequent therapeutic response.
The addition of chemotherapy to hormonal therapy for treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Gibbons R. P. , Beckley S. , Brady M. F. , Chu T. M. , Dekernion J. B. , Dhabuwala C. , Gaeta J. F. , Loening S. A. , McKiel C. F. , McLeod D. G. , Pontes J. E. , Prout G. R. , Scardino P. T. , Schlegel J. U. , Schmidt J. D. , Scott W. W. , Slack N. H. , Soloway M. S. , Murphy G. P.
Published: February 2007

Patients with advanced prostate carcinoma that had been stabilized by orchiectomy (ORCH) or hormone therapy for at least 3 months, were randomized to either diethylstilbestrol (DES) alone or DES plus Cytoxan or DES plus Emcyt. A total of 188 patients were randomized between July, 1976 and February, 1982 of which 161 were evaluable for objective response to treatment. Objective response rates, response duration, or survival experiences were not demonstrably different between treatment arms, either for all patients or within good or poor prognosis groups determined by initial pain or acid phosphatase level. Subjective improvements in performance status were small for each treatment. Pain relief was somewhat greater in the chemotherapy‐hormone combinations than in the DES/ORCH, but the advantage was not statistically significant. Side effects were primarily nausea and vomiting and leukopenia, mostly in the DES + Cytoxan arm. The duration of stabilization prior to entry did not influence response overall, although there were opposing trends within each of the two chemotherapy arms. The premise for combining antitumor agents with hormones before hormone failure is still felt to be a more logical approach than waiting for the ultimate hormone failure, and a combination of hormones plus two antitumor agents is being evaluated in a subsequent ongoing trial where a more rigid design limits the duration of the preentry period of hormone stabilization.
The role of pentoxifylline in the prevention of tumor cell implantation
Authors: Ikossi‐O'Connor M. C. , Ambrus J. L.
Published: February 2007

Short‐term administration of pentoxifylline concurrent with intraportal or intravenous instillation of W163 adenocarcinoma was ineffective in preventing tumor cell implantation in adult male rats.
Latent childhood thyroid carcinoma in diffuse lymphocytic thyroiditis
Authors: Siegal A. , Mimouni M. , Kovalivker M. , Griffel B.
Published: February 2007

Diffuse thyroid enlargement in a child is a rare presenting symptom of thyroid carcinoma. A papillary carcinoma may be hidden in a diffuse lymphocytic thyroiditis and should be carefully searched for during surgery. Furthermore, the finding, in frozen sections, of psammoma bodies in a lymphocytic thyroiditis should raise the suspicion of an occult malignant neoplasm. A case illustrating these diagnostic difficulties in a 5‐year‐old child is presented.
Extracardiac malignancy presenting with cardiac tamponade
Authors: Chen Karl T. K.
Published: February 2007

The clinicopathologic features of a case of cardiac tamponade as the initial presentation of extracardiac malignancy is reported and compared with those of previously reported cases. The lung was the site of the primary tumor in 58% of the cases. Irrespective of the sites of the primary tumor, mediastinal involvement or intrapulmonary metastases or both were documented in 88% of the cases. Examinations of the pericardial fluid and pericardiectomy specimen were negative in a considerable number of cases. Therefore, careful examination of the mediastinum and the accessible lung tissue at the time of pericardiectomy may reveal the malignant nature of the disease which may otherwise remain undiagnosed.
Malignant melanoma in a blind eye
Authors: Sarma Deba P. , Deshotels Seldon J. , Lunseth John H.
Published: February 2007

A 62‐year‐old man developed a malignant melanoma in his left eye that had been blind due to trauma for 35 years. This case illustrates the difficulties in detection and early diagnosis of occult malignant melanoma of the uveal tract in phthistic globes. The necessity for long‐term follow‐up of posttraumatic eyes is stressed.
Small bowel intussusception by metastatic chondrosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Kehoe John , Shafir Michail , Rosenblum Marc
Published: February 2007

An unusual pattern of chondrosarcoma metastases to small bowel, producing intestinal obstruction with intussusception, is presented.
Gastric cancer‐survival at the pennsylvania hospital with and without adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Lerner H. , Marcovitz E. , Zaren H.
Published: February 2007

From 1964 to 1974, 122 patients were treated for gastric cancer; none of these patients received chemotherapy; 13 of this group were lost to follow‐up. In 34 patients, the disease was too far advanced for surgical resection. Their survival ranged from 0.1 month to 7.5 months with a median survival of 1.1 months. Seventy‐four patients were resected for cure; 60 patients underwent a subtotal gastrectomy. Survival ranged from 0 to 72 months with a median of eight months. Fourteen patients had total gastrectomies; survival ranged from 0.1 to 72 months with a median of 5.5 months. Only six of the resected patients had negative lymph nodes; their survival ranged from four to 36 months. In this series there were 11 operative deaths and only seven patients survived five years. Thirty‐one patients who had resections were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 0.5 g 5‐fluorouracil.(5‐FU) IV on days 1, 8, 15, etc, and hydroxyurea (HU), 80 mg/kg per os (p.o.), on days 4, 11, 18, etc. This group has a range of survival from three to 164 months and a median survival of 25 months. Fifteen consecutive patients with nonresectable gastric cancer were treated with HU‐FU with a survival of one to 30 months and a median survival of eight months. In patients with measurable disease, objective regression was clearly demonstrated.
Bacterial adherence to bladder tumors in the mouse
Authors: Bagley Demetrius H. , Velanovich Vic , Jones Kenneth W. , Heggers John P.
Published: February 2007

Mice with intravesical urothelial tumors (MBT‐2) were challenged with E coli inoculated intravesically. Adherence of bacteria measured at 15 min or persistent infection at 24 h was significantly greater in the tumorbearing bladders than in normal non‐tumor‐bearing mice. The tumorbearing portion of the bladder contained significantly more bacteria than the non‐tumor‐bearing portion.
Carcinoma of the anal gland: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zaren Howard A. , Delone Francis X. , Lerner Harvey J.
Published: February 2007

Anal gland cancer is often insidious in its presentation with no evidence of an intraluminal mass. It is frequently slow‐growing and often thought to be a perirectal or ischiorectal abscess. Repeated incision and drainage is performed until a biopsy reveals the diagnosis. A very wide resection is then necessary to totally remove the tumor.
Adriamycin extravasation: Surgical treatment and possible prevention of skin and soft‐tissue injuries
Authors: Pitkänen Jaakko , Asko‐Seljavaara Sirpa , Gröhn Pentti , Sundell Börje , Heinonen Erkki , Appelqvist Pertti
Published: February 2007

In a material consisting of approximately 6,000 injections of Adriamycin during a 2‐year period, eleven moderate and five severe extravasation injuries have been observed. Even a small leakage of the drug may cause a permanent lesion. The most serious injuries were caused by large doses and on the dorsum of the hand. Plastic surgical operations were successfully performed in the severe cases. An active surgical intervention after primary neutralization of the extravasated Adriamycin is recommended.
Nb rat prostate adenocarcinoma model androgen‐sensitive tumor: Metastasis control
Authors: Drago Joseph R. , Weed Patti , Fralisch Anne
Published: February 2007

In this preliminary report, evaluation of nontraditional agents has been used to evaluate control of metastasis. This androgen‐sensitive rat prostic adenocarcinoma has been subject to the treatments of heparin, indocin, and castration, as well as combinations of castration, heparin, indocin, and cyclophosphamide. Tumor volume, metastasis and determination of regression of primary tumor have been evaluated. Heparin and indocin both reduced metastasis without affecting tumor volume in this study. The combination of castration and cyclophosphamide was most effective in reducing tumor volume when compared to the other groups.
Gut‐associated lymphoid tissue and dimethylhydrazine‐induced colorectal carcinoma in the wistar/furth rat
Authors: Deasy J. M. , Steele G. , Ross D. S. , Lahey S. J. , Wilson R. E. , Madara J.
Published: February 2007

Although gut‐associated lymphoid tissue in the form of discrete lymphoid patches (LP‐GALT) in mammalian intestine is most prominent in the distal ileum, appendix, and, in some species, the cecal appendage, LP‐GALT can be found throughout the intestinal tract. LP‐GALT appears as single or multiple subepithelial lymphoid follicles covered by a specialized, structurally unique epithelium. In the colon of the Wistar/Furth(W/Fu) rat, LP‐GALT appears as aggregates of follicles, or lymphoid patches, that can be detected macroscopically. We studied the relationship between 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐ (DMH) induced colon carcinomas and the lymphoid patch associated epithelium in these animals. In addition, we defined the normal distribution of colonic lymphoid patches in both DMH‐treated and control rats. Patches were found macroscopically and confirmed by histologic examination at five constant sites: lower pole of cecum, proximal ascending colon, the major colonic flexure, mid descending colon, and the rectosigmoid. These are also the predominant sites of DMH induced carcinomas in W/Fu rats. In 120 DMH‐treated animals, 109 colon carcinomas were found. Eight percent were in the lower pole of the cecum, 56% in the proximal ascending colon, 16% at the major flexure, 15% in the mid descending colon, and 5% in the rectosigmoid. Lymphoid patches could often be detected histologically in association with DMH‐induced tumors. The depth of tumor invasion was found to correlate inversely with our ability to identify tumor‐associated lymphoid patches suggesting that tumors arising at the anatomical sites where lymphoid patches occur progressively destroyed them. Of colon tumors confirmed histologically to be associated with lymphoid patches, 88% were superficial lesions confined to the submucosa and 12% were more extensive but confined to the bowel wall. No lymphoid patches could be found associated with tumors that extended through the bowel wall. Thus, DMH‐induced colon carcinomas in W/Fu rats arise at sites containing preexisting LP‐GALT with associated specialized epithelium.
Solitary plasmacytoma
Authors: Kayrouz Thomas , Jose Baby , Chu Ann M. , Scott Ralph M.
Published: February 2007

A Retrospective Review Is Presented Of Nine Patients Presenting With Solitary Plasmacytoma. Between 1963 And 1980, These Patients Were Treated With Radiation At The Department Of Radiation Oncology, University Of Louisville. Criteria For Admission To This Particular Study Include (1) A Solitary Focus Of Plasmacytoma Proven By Biopsy, (2) Normal Bone Marrow Findings (Less Than 10% Plasma Cells), And (3) No Evidence Of Disseminated Disease. In Six Patients The Primary Site Was Osseous, And In Three Extramedullary, Two Of Which Were Located In The Nasopharynx And Nasal Cavity And The Third In The Stomach. All Of The Extramedullary Plasmacytomas Are Disease Free For Periods Ranging From 4 To 10 Years. Of The Six Patients With Osseous Lesions, Two Developed Multiple Myeloma In 2 And 3 Years, Two Are Ned (No Evidence Of Disorder) After 9 Years, One Died Of Intercurrent Disease, And The Remaining Patient Was Ned For 2 Years, After Which He Was Lost To Follow‐Up. These Results Suggest The More Favorable Prognosis Of Extramedullary Plasmacytoma And Support The Theory That The Solitary Plasmacytoma Of Bone And Extramedullary Plasmacytoma Are Distinct Disease Entities.
Myosarcomas of the small and large intestine: A clinicopathologic study
Authors: Shiu Man H. , Farr Gist H. , Egeli Ruedi A. , Quan Stuart H. G. , Hajdu Steven I.
Published: February 2007

A retrospective study was made of 38 myosarcomas of the small and large intestines (34 leiomyosarcomas and 4 malignant leiomyoblastomas). Endoenteric, small, and noninvasive tumors were successfully treated by simple wedge excision, cautery snare removal, or segmental bowel resection with a high 5‐yr cure rate of 86% (12/14). Exo‐enteric tumors often invaded adjacent structures or perforated into the peritoneal cavity. Extensive resection procedures, including pancreaticoduodenectomy, abdominoperineal resection, and pelvic exenteration salvaged only 13% (2/16) of these patients. Three clinicopathologic factors adversely affected prognosis: i(tumor size greater than 5 cm in diameter, ii) extra‐intestinal invasion or free perforation, and iii high histopathologic grade of malignancy. The presence of none, one, two, or three of these adverse factors gave decreasing 5‐yr survival rates of 100, 44, 31, and 0%, respectively. These observations suggest use of a multimodal treatment program that may minimize treatment failure from local as well as distant disease.
Ciliated cutaneous cyst of the foot
Authors: Ross Alan J. , Schwartz Robert Allen
Published: February 2007

We report a 36‐year‐old woman with a cutaneous cyst of the dorsal aspect of the left foot. Because of the symptoms of pain and paresthesias attributed to the lesion, it was clinically felt to be a ganglion. After excision, these symptoms abated. Yet histologic examination showed this lesion to be a rare tumor, the ciliated cutaneous cyst. This is the third patient with this distinctive lesion on the foot or ankle.
Metastatic malignancy to the bones of the hand
Authors: Chung Tae Soo
Published: February 2007

Metastatic involvement of the bones of the hand is extremely rate with an incidence of 0.007%. As of this report there are 55 cases reported in the English‐language literature. This paper reports two additional cases and the literature is reviewed.
Dermatomyositis and multiple malignancies in a patient treated with methotrexate
Authors: Callen Jeffrey P.
Published: February 2007

Dermatomyositis (DM) has been linked to internal malignancy but this relationship is quite variable in respect to tumor type and time sequence. The occurrence of multiple cancers in an individual with DM is rare. Immunosuppressive agents, particularly methotrexate have been used increasingly in corticosteroid resistant cases or for their corticosteroid sparing effects. These agents have not been implicated in the development of malignancy in patients with DM. A patient with a uterine adenocarcinoma developed DM that despite tumor removal was not responsive to corticosteroids. She was successfully treated with methotrexate for 18 months. She has subsequently developed an adenocarcinoma of the breast. The relationship of malignancy and DM as well as the role of methotrexate in the development of the second primary will be discussed.
Unknown primary melanoma
Authors: Klausner Joseph M. , Gutman Moti , Inbar Moshe , Rozin Roland R.
Published: February 2007

Of 230 Melanoma Patients Treated During The Past 8 Years, 12 (5.2%) Were Found To Have Unknown Primary Lesions. Nine Of These “Unknown Primary Melanoma” Patients Presented With Metastases In Regional Lymph Nodes, One Inside The Parotid Gland, And Two Presented With Disseminated Melanoma And No Detectable Primary Tumor. The Patients With Melanoma Confined To A Regional Lymph Node Underwent Block Dissection Followed By Adjuvant Chemotherapy And Immunotherapy. Four Patients With Metastasis In Only One Lymph Node Are Disease Free 4–6 Years After Diagnosis. One Patient With Multiple Metastases In The Groin Is Alive 8 Years After Lymphadenectomy. The Other Five Patients With Metastases In Multiple Regional Lymph Node Died 16 Months To 3 Years After Surgery. Both Patients With Disseminated Melanoma Succumbed To Their Disease Within A Month Of Diagnosis. The Prognosis Of Unknown Primary Melanoma Seems To Be No Worse Than The Typical Melanoma At The Same Stage. This Justifies The Aggressive Surgical Approach To This Unusual Entity Of Melanoma.
Evaluation of serum prostate‐specific antigen in urologic cancers
Authors: Takeuchi Toshimi , Kuriyama Manabu , Fujihiro Shigeru , Fujimoto Yoshinori , Okano Manabu , Nishiura Tsuneo
Published: February 2007

Serum prostate‐specific antigen (PA), a new tumor marker of prostate cancer, was evaluated with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in various urologic cancer patients and benign prostatic diseases in Japanese. Sera of prostate cancer patients before treatment (n = 27) revealed a range of PA concentrations from 0.12‐23 ng/ml with a mean (± SD) of 5.78 ± 6.85 ng/ml, while that of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) (n = 27) showed from less than 0.10 to 2.6 ng/ml with 0.84 ± 0.81 ng/ml (mean ± SD). The mean serum PA levels in nonprostatic cancers were calculated as follows: bladder cancer (n = 21), 0.77 ± 0.55 ng/ml; renal pelvis or ureteral cancer (n = 6), 0.46 ± 0.47 ng/ml; renal adenocarcinoma (n = 6), 1.07 ± 0.77 ng/ml; other urologic cancers (n = 6), 0.55 ± 0.52 ng/ml. Serum PA ranged from less than 0.10 to 1.1 ng/ml in patients with prostatitis (n = 5). A significant statistical difference in serum PA levels between prostate cancer and other groups was recognized. These results suggested that an elevation of serum PA value was highly specific to prostate cancer in urological malignancies. The evaluation of serum PA may be of great value in the detection of prostate cancer.
Pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection for recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Takagi Hiroshi , Morimoto Takeshi , Kato Tomoyuki , Yasue Mitsunori , Endo Tokiko , Suzuki Ryoji
Published: February 2007

Local recurrence of rectal cancer following abdominoperineal resection is rarely amenable to limited resection. Computed tomographic (CT) study of the pelvis revealed recurrent tumor images in relation to the adjacent pelvic structures. Five patients with deeply invading recurrent lesions were submitted to pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection. No postoperative deaths were encountered. The postoperative sharp drops of serum CEA levels are useful for judging the adequacy of this procedure. The follow‐up status of the 5 patients, respectively: 14 months alive with pulmonary metastasis, 9 months alive without symptoms but with slightly elevated CEA levels, and 8 months, 3 months, and 3 weeks alive with no evidence of disease. All patients who were relieved of perineal or sciatic nerve pain are now able to walk without any assistance or trouble. Total en bloc residual pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection is a reasonable treatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer.
Estrogen receptor profile of patients with breast cancer metastatic to bone marrow
Authors: Budd G. Thomas
Published: February 2007

The estrogen receptor (ER) profile of patients with breast cancer metastatic to bone marrow (BM) has not been widely reported. The charts of all patients having a diagnosis of breast cancer and undergoing bone marrow aspiration or biopsy at the Cleveland Clinic during the period of January 1980 through September 1982 were reviewed. Thirty‐nine patients were so identified; of these 39 patients, 28 had estrogen receptor determination performed on a primary or a metastatic tumor specimen. Of the 28 patients with known ER, ten (36%) had ER less than 5 fmoles/mg cytosol protein, three (11%) had ER or 5 to 10 fmoles/mg, and 15 (54%) had ER greater than 10 fmoles/mg. Of the 39 patients with BM involvement, 36 (92%) had cortical bone involvement documented on x‐ray or isotopic bone scan. Liver involvement was documented in 6/34 (18%) patients, pulmonary involvement in 14/37 (38%) patients, CNS relapses in 3/39 (8%), and locoregional recurrences in 19/39 (49%). The most significant hematologic finding was a hemoglobin of less than 12 gm% in 21/37 (57%). The most frequent biochemical abnormality was an elevation of the alkaline phosphatase in 30/39 (77%). The majority of breast cancer patients have a positive ER and ER‐positive breast cancer has a tendency to metastasize to cortical bone. Bone marrow involvement by breast cancer is closely associated with cortical bone involvement; accordingly, bone marrow metastases are often associated with a positive ER.
Paraneoplastic syndromes with soft‐tissue sarcoma: A report of two unusual cases
Authors: Bertelsen Carl A. , Eilber Frederick R.
Published: February 2007

Paraneoplastic syndromes secondary to mesodermal tumors are relatively uncommon. In this report, we describe two unusual cases associated with soft‐tissue sarcoma: a 69‐year‐old male who had a normochromic anemia, without apparent etiology, that resolved promptly after surgical resection of the primary tumor; and a 22‐year‐old female with hypercalcemia without evidence of bony destruction.
Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum: Report of three cases
Authors: Stair J. Michael , Stevenson D. Richard , Schaefer Robert F. , Lang Nicholas P.
Published: February 2007

Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor which rarely occurs in the rectum. Three patients with leiomyosarcoma of the rectum are presented. Treatment should include wide surgical excision followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Emphasis is placed upon computerized tomography as the method of choice for the diagnosis of recurrent disease. Recurrent tumor should be resected whenever possible.
Pedunculated malignant melanoma of the hard palate
Authors: Zirkin Howard J. , Avinoach Ilana , Puterman Marco
Published: February 2007

We report the case of a primary malignant melanoma arising from the mucosa of the hard palate on a fibrovascular stalk. This is to our knowledge the first report of a pedunculated melanoma in this location. The possibility of a more favorable prognosis, because of the stalk, which shows no signs of invasion by the neoplasm, is considered.
Mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix: A case report of the diagnoses and management
Authors: Hoag Gordon N. , Thompson Dorothy , Chochinov Harvey
Published: February 2007

A mucinous cystadenoma (mucocele) of the appendix in a 66‐year‐old woman is reported. The preoperative investigations to support the diagnosis and the surgical management are discussed.
Induction of colon mucosal β‐glucuronidase production as a mechanism for 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine colon carcinogenesis
Authors: Celik Cihangir , Lewis David A. , Mittleman Arnold
Published: February 2007

Although early studies in germ‐free rats showed almost complete dependence on dimethylhydrazine (DMH) colon carcinogenesis upon the presence of colon bacteria, no adequate explanation was given for the 20% tumor incidence observed in germ‐free animals. Bacterial activation of liver microsomal products releasing active proximate carcinogens has been the accepted reason for the exquisite specificity DMH has for the colon. Recent work, including the present study, show the colon mucosa is capable of metabolizing carcinogens and activating conjugating forms metabolized in the liver independent of the intestinal microflora. Mucosal β‐glucuronidase production was assayed in coded, scraped mucosa samples from the duodenum/jejunum, ileum, right colon, and left colon of normal and DMH‐treated rats. Normal mucosal β‐glucuronidase production was highest in the left colon followed by the right colon, duodenum, and ileum, respectively. Enzyme production in the left colon was significantly increased 24 hours after injection of 25 mg/kg body weight DMH. No elevation was seen in other mucosal samples. Metabolism of DMH to oxidated forms conjugated to glucuronic acid is well established. Thus, this study offers a possible role for carcinogen, induction of a metabolic enzyme in its target tissue.
Teaching surgical oncology to medical studients
Authors: Jewell William R. , Deslauriers Marc P.
Published: February 2007

A Recent Review Of The Curriculum At University Of Kansas Medical Center‐Kansas City Revealed Several Deficiencies In Oncology Teaching In The Medical School Curriculum. Analysis Of The Surgery Core Course Final Examination Showed A Weaker Response By Students To Surgical Oncology Items Than Nononcologic Questions. A Multidisciplinary Cancer Course And Tumor Conference Were Then Added To The Surgery Core Curriculum. Analysis Of Student Performance Since This Addition Reveals That The Multimodal Course Improved The Successful Response Rate To Surgical Oncology Questions On The Final Examination. This Effect Has Been Sustained Through Nine Consecutive Student Group Rotations. These Results Suggest That Surgical Oncology Teaching Can Be Effectively Improved By A Multidisciplinary Effort.
The role of the tissue adhesive fibrin seal (FS) in esophageal anastomoses
Authors: Thorson G. K. , Perez‐Brett R. , Lillie D. B. , Ambrus J. L. , Karakousis C. , Takita H. , Williams P. D. , Reddington M. M. , Cohen H.
Published: February 2007

Following Surgical Removal Of Esophageal Tumors, Leakage And Medistinitis Is A Frequent And Often Fatal Complication. A New Method Has Been Developed To Seal Suture Lines In The Esophagus With Preparations Containing Fibrinogen, Cold Insoluble Globulin, Factor Xiii, Antiplasmin, Platelet Growth Factor, Thrombin, And Calcium Chloride. In Experimental Animals Operated On By Standard Methods, Esophageal Leakage Developed In 50% Of The Animals And Death In 40%. By Contrast, In Treated Animals, Esophageal Leak And Death Developed In Only 20%. More Adhesions Were Found In Treated Animals Than In Control Animals.
Antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in colorectal carcinoma. I. Favorable prognosis in female patients
Authors: Pihl E. , Nairn R. C. , Nind A. P. P. , Jones S. L. , Chalmers P. J. , Pullen G. R. , Hughes E. S. R. , Cuthbertson A. M.
Published: February 2007

In an immunological study of 288 colorectal carcinoma patients, we investigated the relationship between survival and preoperative in vitro antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against the colonic carcinoma cell line HT‐29. A highly significantly favorable (p = 0.001) association was found in the 20 female patients with ADCC. Nearly all (97%) of the 66 patients with ADCC were blood group O, but blood group per se did not relate to survival, nor could staging explain the survival association with ADCC. The mechanism whereby ADCC or its in vivo expression confers a survival advantage is unknown but we suggest that it derives from immunoreactivity against blood group A antigens produced inappropriately in the carcinomatous epithelium of the group O and B patients.
Antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in colorectal carcinoma. II. Blood group association
Authors: Jones S. L. , Pihl E. , Nind A. P. P. , Chalmers P. J. , Nairn R. C.
Published: February 2007

Colorectal carcinoma patients' sera with ADCC antibody reacting with the HT‐29 cell line (blood group A) generally (88%) cross‐reacted with another group A cell line (COLO‐394) but much less frequently (6–33%), with six tumor cell lines that did not express ABO blood group antigens. The findings suggested the possibility that the ADCC reactivity against the HT‐29 cell line particularly by patients of blood group O is generally via “A” or “A‐like” antigenicity of the target cells. This was supported by absorption studies that showed that the ADCC reactivity could be removed by blood group A but never by group B erythrocytes. Our results suggest that the prognostically favorable ADCC antibody in colorectal carcinoma patients' sera is of anti–blood group A specificity or cross reactivity.
Carcinoembryogenic antigen and lysosomal enzymes in gastric juice as an aid in the diagnosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Graffner H. , Hultberg B.
Published: February 2007

Malignant transformation in cells is accompanied by enzymatic changes that may be useful markers of malignancy. Studies of oncofetal antigens in gastric juice show an increased concentration in patients with gastric carcinoma. The object of the present study was to test if the concentration of lysosomal enzymes and carcinombryonic antigen (CEA) were altered in patients with gastric carcinoma compared to patients earlier operated with gastric resection—a supposedly premalignant condition. The results show that no differences could be found in CEA and β‐hexosaminidase levels between the patients with gastric carcinoma and those with gastric resection. However, lysozyme content was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma and might prove useful for screening of patients after gastric resection. Both CEA, β‐hexosaminidase, and lysozyme levels were significantly higher in patients with gastric carcinoma than in a control population, and can therefore have a role in screening of asymptomatic patients.
Hodgkin disease clinical stages I, II, and III (A, B): Results of radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy
Authors: Patricio M. Brites , Ricardo J. A. , Vilhena M. , Branco F. , de Ponte M. A. , Cabral R. , Neves M. , de Sousa J. V.
Published: February 2007

Between 1961 and 1976, 387 patients with Hodgkin disease were examined, evaluated, and treated at the Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Francisco Gentil. After reviewing histological and clinical staging presentation, the authors retrospectively analyzed the results obtained with 303 patients classified in clinical stages I, II, and III (A, B) who were treated with or without chemotherapy in two time periods (before and after 1970) according to individual therapeutic modalities. The improvement of the 5‐year survival rates in the last period was associated with the introduction of extended‐field irradiation and multidrug chemotherapy (MOPP). However, the incidence of serious complications was higher in the group of patients subjected to combined field irradiation and MOPP. The authors suggest a stricter protocol based on the current recommendations for the treatment of Hodgkin disease in order to achieve better results with minimum possible hazards.
The contribution of the physical sciences to the development of radiation therapy
Authors: Hall Eric J.
Published: February 2007

Radiation therapy is used in the treatment of about half of all cancer patients in the United States. The development of this specialty has been intimately involved with major advances in the physical sciences, from the discovery of x‐rays by Roentgen and radium by the Curies, to the technological breakthroughs of World War II that led to the 60cobalt teletherapy unit and the modern linear accelerator‐the principal treatment machines in use today. These historical events are described and the principal characters introduced.
Streptozotocin prevents development of nitrosamine‐induced pancreatic cancer in the syrian hamster
Authors: Bell Richard H. , Strayer David S.
Published: February 2007

Administration of the nitrosamine carcinogen N‐nitroso‐bis (2‐oxopropy 1) amine (BOP) by subcutaneous injection (5 mg/kg/week) led to the development of invasive pancreatic ductular adenocarcinoma in 100% of normal Syrian hamsters by 24 weeks. Pretreatment of a second group of hamsters with the beta‐cell toxin streptozotocin in a diabetogenic dose (50 mg/kg i.p × 3) completely prevented the development of pancreatic cancer when BOP was subsequently administered. The mechanism of blockade by streptozotocin is unknown. This study suggests the potential importance of the endocrine pancreas in exocrine pancreatic carcinogenesis.
Coexisting carcinoid tumor and Crohn's disease
Authors: van Landingham Samuel B. , Kluppel Shannon , Symmonds Richard , Snyder Samuel K.
Published: February 2007

Several malignancies have been described occurring simultaneously with regional enteritis. Only four examples of coexistent carcinoid and Crohn's disease have been described worldwide. In this report, two new cases of simultaneous Crohn's disease and carcinoid tumor, diagnosed and treated within a single month, are presented. In one instance, a segment of terminal ileum contained regional enteritis, carcinoid tumor, and a small focus of adenocarcinoma.
Primary retroperitoneal soft‐tissue sarcomas
Authors: Adam Yehuda G. , Oland Jan , Halevy Ariel , Reif Renate
Published: February 2007

Of the 98 soft‐tissue sarcomas treated between 1973–1978, 12 were retroperitoneal in origin. Fifty percent underwent one to three previous surgical procedures. All patients were operated on. In 75% (nine out of 12), the tumor was completely resected. The operative mortality for total tumor excision was 11%. There were five liposarcomas, three leiomyosarcomas, two neurofibrosarcomas, and one synovial sarcoma and one unclassified sarcoma. Six of the 12 patients survived five years and three (25%) were alive without evidence of disease at 5 years. Three of the completely resected group received no further treatment; 2/3 survived 5 years; three had postoperative chemotherapy; 3/3 survived; and three others had radiation and chemotherapy subsequent to surgery; all three have died. The two most important prognostic factors were tumor grade and surgical excision. Only one patient with high grade tumor survived. Total surgical excision of the tumor offers the only hope for cure. Aggressive surgery in treating retroperitoneal soft part sarcomas is strongly recommended.
Electrocautery: Effects on steroid receptors in human breast cancer
Authors: Bloom Norman D. , Johnson Frank , Pertshuck Lewis , Fishman Jerry
Published: February 2007

The determination of steroid receptors in human breast cancers has assumed increasing importance over the past several decades. Improper handling of the specimens could affect results obtained. This study details the effects excessive levels of heat that occur with the use of electrocautery can have on steroid receptor quantities and localization. Twelve resected primary and metastatic human breast cancers were analyzed for cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors by biochemical analysis. In addition, steroid binding was determined by direct fluorescent histochemical techniques. To a portion of each resected specimen a Boviec was applied to simulate electrocautery resection. Analysis of the different portions of the same tumor revealed that there was a decrease in measurable cytoplasmic receptor in all cauterized specimens and a concomitant increase in the nuclear receptor. A similar shift in steroid binding was noted in all the specimens analyzed by fluorescent histochemical techniques. The results of this study show that the application of excessive heat to human breast cancers will lead to false negative biochemical steroid receptor determination by shifting the receptors intranuclear.
Steroid hormone receptors in breast tumours presenting during pregnancy or lactation
Authors: Holdaway I. M. , Mason B. H. , Kay R. C.
Published: February 2007

Cytosol oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) levels were measured in tumours from three patients with breast cancer during pregnancy and from three patients developing breast cancer while lactating. All lactating patients were ER‐positive and two were PR‐positive, whereas pregnant patients were uniformly ER‐negative and PR‐negative. Pregnant patients had a significantly shorter disease‐free survival compared with matched nonpregnant women with breast cancer. Of five patients developing metastatic disease, one from the lactating group had a complete remission with chemotherapy and one had static disease with endocrine treatment, whereas all others had progressive disease despite a variety of treatments. Although numbers are too small to permit generalisation, these provisional data suggest that patients presenting with breast cancer during pregnancy may have mainly receptor‐negative tumours, a short disease‐free interval, and may be relatively resistant to treatment of metastatic disease. By comparison, patients with breast tumours during lactation have receptor‐positive disease and metastases may respond to systemic therapy.
Squamous carcinoma of the thymus
Authors: Chen Karl T. K.
Published: February 2007

A rare case of squamous carcinoma of the thymus is described and the literature is reviewed. This type of thymic carcinoma is surgically curable even in the presence of local invasion. It also appears radiosensitive with apparent cure by radiotherapy alone observed. Its prognosis is better than squamous carcinoma of the lung with mediastinal involvement, and lymphoepithelioma‐like thymic carcinoma.
Localized fibrous mesothelioma of the pleura
Authors: Weilbaecher Thomas C. , Sarma Deba P.
Published: February 2007

A case of a large localized fibrous mesothelioma of pleura is described and the literature is reviewed. The histogenesis of this rare tumor is discussed.
Survival following orchiectomy for stage D adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Forrest John B. , Howards Stuart S.
Published: February 2007

The survival of nonprivate and private patients following orchiectomy for stage D adenocarcinoma of the prostate was studied. While the private patients enjoyed a longer survival, their improved survival was found to be a function of an earlier presentation. Examination of the survival statistics with linear regression analysis suggested that survival following orchiectomy is a function of the age at the time of orchiectomy.
Mesenchymoma of the retrorectal space: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Schittek Anton , Clausen Kathryn P. , Minton John P.
Published: February 2007

Although sarcoma occurring in the true retroperitoneum is not uncommon, sarcoma in the retrorectal space is unique. We report a patient with a malignant mesenchymoma, a rare soft tissue tumor, in the retrorectal space. Complete resection was accomplished through a combined Kraske's posterior and midline anterior approach. The rectum had not been invaded by the mass. Survival of patients with malignant mesenchymoma does not exceed 50% in most reports, and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation has yet to be defined. Its attendant morbidity must be weighed against an uncertain prognosis.