bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FINANCIAMENTO DE ECOSSISTEMAS DE INOVAÇÃO
Authors: Simões Santos Vagner , Cunha Nascimento José Vanderson , Amorim Purcena Luiza Luanna , Paulino de Carvalho Sérgio Medeiros , Carolino Jaqueline
Published: December 2024

No que se refere ao desenvolvimento de ecossistemas de inovação para o progresso socioeconômico do país, o Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI) desempenha uma função essencial na promoção e no financiamento de projetos de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I), especialmente em regiões com necessidades específicas, como o Nordeste. Este artigo analisa criticamente o papel do MCTI no desenvolvimento de ecossistemas de inovação no Nordeste do Brasil, com foco na efetividade dos investimentos realizados entre 1995 e 2023. Por meio da análise de dados quantitativos e qualitativos, a pesquisa identifica que, apesar da redução do valor total liberado pelo MCTI nos últimos anos, o Ministério continua investindo em projetos de longo prazo, principalmente por meio de agentes intermediários. No entanto, a região Sudeste concentra a maior parte dos recursos, enquanto o Nordeste, apesar de ter recebido o segundo maior valor total liberado, ainda apresenta valores menores, evidenciando a necessidade de uma política de financiamento mais direcionada às demandas específicas da região. A pesquisa aponta para a necessidade de uma reformulação na estratégia de financiamento do MCTI, buscando uma atuação mais eficaz e eficiente no Nordeste, com foco na otimização da gestão dos recursos, no fortalecimento da sinergia com outros atores do ecossistema de inovação e no investimento em projetos estratégicos para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico da região.
In silico ADMET and Molecular Docking Studies of Natural Analogues as AKT Inhibitors
Authors: Kaur Jasmeen , Raza Amir , Gupta Rajeev , Singh Shivam Kumar , Brar Iqubal , Wadhwa Pankaj
Published: December 2024

Background:

AKT inhibition presents a promising avenue for cancer treatment strategies.
By exploring natural analogues using in-silico docking and ADMET profiles, this work
aims to design effective anti-cancer therapies shown by binding affinities and pharmacokinetic
assessments.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of this research paper is to utilize in-silico ADMET profiling and
molecular docking studies to investigate the potential of natural analogues as inhibitors of the
AKT enzyme. By leveraging computational techniques, including Molegro Virtual Docker
(MVD) 6.0 and computational techniques like pkCSM, we aim to identify promising compounds
with strong binding affinities to the target protein (PDB ID: 3OCB) and favorable pharmacokinetic
properties. Our objectives include identifying key molecular interactions, evaluating
optimal molecular weight ranges, and prioritizing compounds based on their MolDock
scores for cancer treatment. Through this approach, our goal is to contribute to the design and
development of effective anti-cancer therapies targeting the AKT signaling pathway.

Method:

The Protein Data Bank provided the target protein (PDB ID: 3OCB) for the molecular
docking study, which was conducted using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) 6.0. The selection
of ligands from PubChem was focused on natural analogues. ADMET profiling benefited from
the use of computational techniques such as pkCSM.

method:

The Protein Data Bank provided the target protein (PDB ID: 3OCB) for the molecular docking study, which was conducted using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) 6.0. The selection of ligands from PubChem was focused on natural analogues. ADMET profiling benefited from the use of computational techniques such as pkCSM.

Result:

A molecular docking study of selected natural compounds was performed, and the top
three compounds with higher MolDock scores were considered to be the best among all sixteen
natural analogues. The compounds [00]UNX_16, [01]UNX_13, and [00]UNX_11 showed the
highest MolDock score of -111.09, -98.31, and -96.37, respectively, and can show great potential
in treating cancer.

Conclusion:

The analysis primarily focuses on a docking study investigating the potential inhibition
of the AKT enzyme by natural analogs. The study explores molecular interactions and
ADMET properties, offering insights into their role in drug discovery. Key findings include
strong binding affinities of selected analogs against the target 3OCB, with specific amino acid
residues and steric/hydrogen bond interactions influencing binding success. Compounds within
the 400-500 Da molecular weight range show favorable interactions, suggesting implications for
future drug design. Additionally, ADMET analysis identifies compounds like [00]UNX_16,
[01]UNX_13, and [00]UNX_11 with high MolDock scores, indicating potential as AKT inhibitors
for cancer treatment.
Microneedle: Shaping the Future of Research with Novel Solutions
Authors: Sharma Akshita , Kaur Bhupinder , Thakur Nishant , Sharma Chandan , Prasad Rudra
Published: December 2024

Background:

The application of microfabrication to produce arrays of microscale needles,
known as microneedle technology, has greatly improved transdermal drug delivery. This
analysis focuses on different types and advances of microneedles to emphasize their tremendous
potential in healthcare. Transdermal medication delivery is a common method used in modern
medicine to treat a variety of illnesses. By avoiding the hepatic first-pass metabolism, the use of
microneedles improves medication penetration via the skin and increases bioavailability.

Method:

Using databases like PubMed and Google Scholar, a thorough literature study was carried
out to look at the most recent peer-reviewed papers and patents on microneedle technology.
Based on factors like size, shape, material, and drug delivery techniques, comparative analysis assessed
the safety and effectiveness of several microneedles. Skin physiology was examined to
comprehend how permeability enhancers and microneedles affect medication penetration.

Results:

Microneedle technology has made significant strides that show it can completely transform
medication delivery systems. A large number of patents suggests that research and development
are expanding quickly. The market for microneedles is reflecting the increased need for less
intrusive medical treatments, highlighting the significance of this method in medical research.

Conclusion:

Medical science could be revolutionized by microneedles, especially in the area of
drug administration. Researchers and physicians can benefit greatly from this review, which
guides the investigation of sophisticated microneedle applications for transdermal treatment of
acute or chronic illnesses.

Future Recommendation:

Subsequent investigations ought to focus on refining microneedle designs
for particular uses, enhancing the biocompatibility of materials, and investigating integration
with alternative drug delivery methods. To confirm the safety and effectiveness of microneedle
technology in practical medical settings, clinical trials are required.
Influenza (Flu) and Vaccination related Knowledge & Attitudes among the General Population of UAE
Authors: Al Sheikh Ebtehal , Gillani Syed Wasif
Published: December 2024

Background:

Influenza is one of the most common airborne infections globally. According
to the World Health Organization (WHO), influenza leads to 3 to 5 million cases of severe
illness each year, with 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory deaths annually, positioning it as a significant
public health threat.

Objective:

This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes toward influenza and vaccination
among the general population in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire
distributed through social media platforms, such as Facebook and WhatsApp, across various emirates
in the UAE. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences
(SPSS) version 21. The study invited participation from individuals aged 18 years and older, both
male and female.

Results:

A total of 265 participants responded to the survey, including 142 males (53.6%) and 123
females (46.4%). Most respondents had insurance coverage (n = 208; 78.5%), and 83.4% were
nonsmokers. A significantly higher proportion of males believed that the influenza vaccine is administered
during the winter season (63% vs. 37%, P = 0.01) and that it is recommended for elderly
individuals over 65 years old (58.2% vs. 41.8%, P = 0.023). Married individuals were significantly
more likely to have heard of the influenza vaccine (53.7%) compared to divorced and unmarried
respondents (4% and 42.4%, P = 0.019). Additionally, the majority of respondents with insurance
coverage perceived the vaccine as safe, albeit with some side effects (70.4%, P = 0.012).

Conclusion:

This study concluded good knowledge and positive attitude towards influenza vaccination.
The study also found no significant gender differences in flu-related knowledge or attitudes
among the participants. Moreover, the population surveyed generally considered vaccination
to be safe for administration.
Profiling Secondary Metabolites of Governor’s Plum (Flacourtia indica Burm.f. Merr.) Fruit and their Potential Antioxidant and Chemopreventive Values
Authors: Attallah Omnia M. A. K. , Delgoda Rupika , Murray Je-Ann , Benkeblia Noureddine
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The goal of this study was to profile the secondary metabolites of two ripe -light and dark- stages of Flacourtia indica fruit and the assessment of their antioxidant and ant-proliferative activities.

Methods:

Secondary metabolites were profiled by GC-MS. Radical scavenging activity and scavenging of H2O2 assays were used to assess the antioxidant activities, while cell viability and CYP1B1 enzyme activity assays were used to assess the antiproliferative activities of the fruit extracts.

Results:

One hundred and twenty-three (123) metabolites were identified. DPPH activity showed a dose-dependent response to fruit extracts, and H2O2 scavenging activity increased with concentrations. Anti-proliferative properties using the MTS assay on prostate, breast and colon cancer cells and normal prostate cell lines revealed a relatively weak impact on the examined cells. DCM extracts exhibited inhibition of the activity of human cytochrome P450 1B1 enzyme.

Conclusion:

Results showed that fruit extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, while they did not show cytotoxic effects on normal or cancer cells. DCM and hexane extracts showed noticeable inhibition of CYP1B1 enzyme, suggestive of a chemoprotective potential.
Queer Tango
Authors: Stone Dylan Jonas
Published: December 2024

In ‘Queer Tango’, Dylan Jonas Stone reflects on learning the art of tango and its dancing movements, alternating between steps into the past and into the present, in ways reflecting the  memory work of diary writing, reading and re-reading. For Dylan, the intimacy of tango expresses - and sometimes confounds - expectations around sexualities.
Effect of fractionated gamma irradiation on cognitive function in mice of the first month of life
Authors:   Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine of FMBA, Atamanyuk N.I. , Obvintseva N.A. ,   Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine of FMBA, Tukhay M.V. ,   Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine of FMBA, Andreev A.I. ,   Perm State National Research University, Pryakhin E.A. ,   Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine of FMBA
Published: December 2024

High doses of ionizing radiation are the risk factors for the development of cognitive dysfunction in humans and experimental animals, whereas data on the effects of low radiation doses, especially in the mode of chronic or fractionated exposure, are limited and contradictory. The aim of the work is to investigate the effects of fractionated gamma radiation at cumulative doses of 0.1 Gy, 1.0 Gy and 5.0 Gy on the first month of life C57Bl/6 mice on cognitive functions and morphofunctional parameters of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of irradiated animals. Cognitive functions in irradiated animals at the age of 2 months of their life were assessed by visual-spatial learning with the Barnes maze test. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was analyzed by the Prom1+ stem cells; synaptic plasticity by the number of GAP43+ cells expressing neuromodulin; neuroinflammation was evaluated by the number of CD74+ cells of activated microglia. The stimulating effect of low doses of fractionated gamma radiation in the early postnatal period on cognitive functions in mice was noted, which decreases with an increase in the level of radiation exposure. This effect may be caused by stimulation of neurogenesis and increased synaptic plasticity, as well as the possible anti-inflammatory effect of radiation with a cumulative dose of 0.1 Gy. The negative effect of radiation with a cumulative dose of 5 Gy on cognitive abilities in mice in the Barnes maze was not observed. Irradiation with this dose also stimulated activation of neurogenesis and increased synaptic plasticity, however, irradiation of animals with a dose of 5 Gy was less effective than irradiation at a dose of 0.1 Gy.
Plutonium content in plants in the site adjusted to the radioactive waste storage facility in Obninsk
Authors:   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Edomskaya M.A. , Lukashenko S.N. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Shavrina K.E. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Kazakova E.A. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Makarenko E.S. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Shapovalov S.G. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”
Published: December 2024

Plutonium is long-lived radioactive element of high radiotoxicity. The presence of anthropogenic plutonium in the environment is mainly caused by nuclear tests, nuclear power plants accidents, leaks from nuclear fuel cycle facilities and radioactive waste storages. The radioactive waste storage facility located in Obninsk is one of the first radioactive waste storage facilities built in Russia. Radionuclides leak in the storage from 1998 over 1999 was registered. A set of specific protective engineering measures was carried out in 1999. In subsequent studies, the presence of local radioactive spots, mainly contaminated with 90Sr, was found in the territory of the radioactive waste storage facility and adjacent area. The article presents the results of the 239+240Pu content accumulated by the vegetation growing in the area near the Obninsk radioactive waste storage facility. The analysis of 239+240Pu content in samples was carried out by alpha spectrometry following radiochemical separation. It was found that the plutonium content in the roots of herbaceous plants ranges from (7.92.0)∙10-2 Bq/kg to (1.70.1)∙100 Bq/kg, in the above-ground part from (3.41.0)∙10-2 Bq/kg to (1.20.4)∙10-1 Bq/kg. The distribution of 239+240Pu content in different parts of herbaceous plants are consistent with published data, it means that plutonium is accumulated by the plants root system mainly. The range of 239+240Pu content in parts of shrubs is estimated from (4.0+/-1.4)∙10-2 Bq/kg in branches to (9.0+/-2.7)∙10-1 Bq/kg in white currant berries, and from (4.0+/-1.4)∙10-2 Bq/kg in branches to (3.0+/-0.9)∙10-1 Bq/kg in hazel leaves. The content of 239+240Pu in organs and tissues of woody vegetation varied from (3.4+/-1.0)∙10-3 Bq/kg to (4.2+/-1.3)∙100 Bq/kg. The highest content of plutonium was found in tree bark.
Distribution of natural radionuclides in the forest soils
Authors:   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute“, Perevolotsky А.N. , Perevolotskaya Т.B. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute", Geras’kin S.A. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute"
Published: December 2024

The paper presents results of investigation of regulatory of the specific activity of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th distribution in the sod-podzolic soil in forest plantations growing in various types of forest growing conditions. The absorbed dose rate of external gamma radiation at a height of 1 m, was estimated as well. Methods for constructing normal probability graphs and histograms, as well as the statistical calculation of criteria for verification of the distribution normality (asymmetry of the set of √(b_1 ), curvature of the set of b_2, Shapiro-Wilk, Epps-Palli, Frozini, Kolmogorov-Smirnov) were applied. It was found that the content of natural radionuclides in the sod-podzolic soil in forest plantations may be described by a lognormal law, while the range of specific activity of 40K is from 200 to 500 Bq/kg, 232Th is 10-20 Bq/kg, 226Ra is 10-30 Bq/kg, the estimated absorbed dose rate is 20-50 nGy/h. It was found that the use of the smaller soil classification units, the granulometric composition of the soil and the underlying rock as well as the distribution of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th content in the soil of the edaphotopes A2 and B2 and estimated absorbed dose rate, could be described by the normal distribution law. The results obtained expand and complement the knowledge on natural radionuclides distribution in the environment, and can also become the basis for assessment of the natural level of biota irradiation in various soil and environmental conditions.
Don’t Forget the Humble Text Message: 25 Years of Text Messaging in Health (Preprint)
Authors: Dobson Rosie , Whittaker Robyn , Abroms Lorien C , Bramley Dale , Free Caroline , McRobbie Hayden , Stowell Melanie , Rodgers Anthony
Published: December 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Since the early studies exploring the use of SMS text messaging for health intervention, text messaging has played a pivotal role in the advancement of mobile health. As an intervention modality, text messaging has provided vital learnings for the design and delivery of interventions, particularly in low-resource settings. Despite the advances in technology over the last 25 years, text messaging is still being used in largely the same way to deliver health information, behavior change interventions, and support. The strong, consistent evidence for the benefits of this type of intervention has made text messaging a routine part of health interventions around the world. Key to its success is its simplicity, alongside the benefit of being arguably the most accessible form of consumer digital health intervention. Text message interventions are well suited for public health interventions due to their low cost, vast reach, frequent use, high read rates, and ability to be tailored and personalized. Furthermore, the nature of text messaging interventions makes them ideal for the delivery of multilingual, culturally tailored interventions, which is important in the context of increasing cultural diversity in many countries internationally. Indeed, studies assessing text message–based health interventions have shown them to be effective across sociodemographic and ethnic groups and have led to their adoption into national-level health promotion programs. With a growing focus on artificial intelligence, robotics, sensors, and other advances in digital health, there is an opportunity to integrate these technologies into text messaging programs. Simultaneously, it is essential that equity remains at the forefront for digital health researchers, developers, and implementers. Ensuring digital health solutions address inequities in health experienced across the world while taking action to maximize digital inclusion will ensure the true potential of digital health is realized. Text messaging has the potential to continue to play a pivotal role in the delivery of equitable digital health tools to communities around the world for many years to come. Further new technologies can build on the humble text message, leveraging its success to advance the field of digital health. This Viewpoint presents a retrospective of text messaging in health, drawing on the example of text message–based interventions for smoking cessation, and presents evidence for the continued relevance of this mobile health modality in 2025 and beyond.
Sample Size Requirements for Popular Classification Algorithms in Tabular Clinical Data: Empirical Study (Preprint)
Authors: Silvey Scott , Liu Jinze
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The performance of a classification algorithm eventually reaches a point of diminishing returns, where the additional sample added does not improve the results. Thus, there is a need to determine an optimal sample size that maximizes performance while accounting for computational burden or budgetary concerns.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine optimal sample sizes and the relationships between sample size and dataset-level characteristics over a variety of binary classification algorithms.

METHODS

A total of 16 large open-source datasets were collected, each containing a binary clinical outcome. Furthermore, 4 machine learning algorithms were assessed: XGBoost (XGB), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and neural networks (NNs). For each dataset, the cross-validated area under the curve (AUC) was calculated at increasing sample sizes, and learning curves were fit. Sample sizes needed to reach the observed full–dataset AUC minus 2 points (0.02) were calculated from the fitted learning curves and compared across the datasets and algorithms. Dataset–level characteristics, minority class proportion, full–dataset AUC, number of features, type of features, and degree of nonlinearity were examined. Negative binomial regression models were used to quantify relationships between these characteristics and expected sample sizes within each algorithm. A total of 4 multivariable models were constructed, which selected the best-fitting combination of dataset–level characteristics.

RESULTS

Among the 16 datasets (full-dataset sample sizes ranging from 70,000-1,000,000), median sample sizes were 9960 (XGB), 3404 (RF), 696 (LR), and 12,298 (NN) to reach AUC stability. For all 4 algorithms, more balanced classes (multiplier: 0.93-0.96 for a 1% increase in minority class proportion) were associated with decreased sample size. Other characteristics varied in importance across algorithms—in general, more features, weaker features, and more complex relationships between the predictors and the response increased expected sample sizes. In multivariable analysis, the top selected predictors were minority class proportion among all 4 algorithms assessed, full–dataset AUC (XGB, RF, and NN), and dataset nonlinearity (XGB, RF, and NN). For LR, the top predictors were minority class proportion, percentage of strong linear features, and number of features. Final multivariable sample size models had high goodness-of-fit, with dataset–level predictors explaining a majority (66.5%-84.5%) of the total deviance in the data among all 4 models.

CONCLUSIONS

The sample sizes needed to reach AUC stability among 4 popular classification algorithms vary by dataset and method and are associated with dataset–level characteristics that can be influenced or estimated before the start of a research study.
Efektivitas pintasan pemberian warna klasifikasi utama pada nomor panggil koleksi dalam mengoptimalkan kegiatan shelving
Authors: Firdaus Yusrizal Adytia
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Book shelving is considered challenging in libraries with a large physical collection without a clear auxiliary shortcut. This research aims to understand the effectiveness of the main classification color shortcut on the collection call number.
Data Collection Methods. The research was conducted by adopting Descriptive Quantitative method through Unsequenced and Comparative approaches based on a case study at the Ministry of Education and Culture Library, Republic of Indonesia.
Data Analysis. The data analysis used in this research was Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Results and Discussion. The results show that testing shelving details, the reference shelf collection scored 33%, while the fiction shelf collection scored less, showing 26.1%. In the shelving search test, twenty reference shelf collections were found in 1,333 seconds, while the fiction shelf collection took 1,669 seconds.
Conclusion. Having the color of the classification number identifier is proven to support convenience in doing shelving detail activities, as well as searching for collections on the shelf even with a large number. Future research is expected to group the color numbers 0-9 based on the type and characteristics of color contrast as the identity of classification numbers for collection call numbers.
Layanan prima pada layanan pojok braille sebagai layanan berbasis inklusi sosial di Perpustakaan Umum Kota Malang
Authors: Pawestri Rista Tanaya , Inawati Inawati
Published: December 2024

Introduction. This study aims to determine the form of excellent service implementation in the Braille Corner service as  social inclusion-based service at the Malang City Public Library with the DeVrye theory approach. The community that needs to have more support through social inclusion-based services is the visually impaired. The Malang City Public Library, located in East Java, provides services for the visually impaired, namely the Braille corner service.
Data Collection Methods. With the descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies.
Data Analysis. We analysed the data by Miles and Huberman viz , reducing, presenting data, and drawing conclusions.
Results and Discussion. Malang City Public Library's Braille Corner Service has implemented seven dimensions of excellent services in implementing social inclusion-based services including self-esteem, exceeding expectations, recovery, vision, improvement, care, and empowerment. The four dimensions that are maximally applied to Braille Corner services include exceeding expectations, recovery, vision, and care. While the application of the dimensions of self-esteem, improvement, and empowerment werefund to be not optimal.
Conclusion. Three dimensions that have not been implemented optimally in the implementation of excellent service in the Braille Corner service need special attention to provide excellent services.
Fragmented Identity and the Search for Self: An Exploration of Adrienne Kennedy's "Funnyhouse of a Negro"
Authors: Prathimashri P. , Balaji Dr. B.
Published: December 2024

Adrienne Kennedy's seminal one-act play "Funnyhouse of a Negro" (1964) delves into the complexities of identity, race, and mental fragmentation. Through the protagonist's, Sarah's, surreal and nightmarish world, Kennedy exposes the destructive nature of internalized racism and the fragmented self. This play navigates the tensions between blackness and whiteness, ancestral heritage and cultural disconnection, and the blurring of reality and fantasy. Through Sarah's fractured psyche, Kennedy masterfully critiques the societal pressures that perpetuate self-hatred and disconnection from one's cultural heritage. By employing innovative dramatic structures and language, Kennedy creates a dreamlike atmosphere that mirrors Sarah's inner turmoil, forcing the audience to confront the devastating consequences of internalized racism. "Funny house of a Negro" remains a powerful and thought-provoking work, continuing to resonate with contemporary discussions around identity, race, and mental health. Furthermore, Kennedy's exploration of Sarah's multiracial identity and ancestral lineage illuminates the intersections of racism, sexism, and colonialism. By invoking historical figures like Queen Victoria, Jesus, and Patrice Lumumba, Kennedy underscores the ongoing legacy of colonialism and its impact on individual psyches. This play's avant-garde style and non-linear narrative structure reflect Kennedy's innovative approach to storytelling, challenging traditional notions of identity, culture, and representation.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) classification for low-resource settings: Taking into account patients’ social vulnerability
Authors: Musso Carlos G. , Ricardo Ana C. , Aroca-Martinez Gustavo , Chaparro Martin
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increasingly become a significant public health problem and economic burden for health systems worldwide. In addition, social vulnerability (SV) can also contribute to the high burden of chronic kidney disease.
Contents: Social vulnerability can be explored by evaluating five dimensions: household composition, income, unstable housing, segregation, and immigration status, proposed by Jimenez-Garcia et al.
Conclusions: Based on these variables a social vulnerability index score (SOVI) was described. This article proposes integrating the social vulnerability index score into the CKD-KDIGO classification in order to provide a more comprehensive approach to the problem of chronic kidney disease burden, with the goal of promoting kidney health an improving current kidney prevention programs.
Moisture Accumulation During Summer Tillage of Fallow Fields
Authors: Kambulov S. I. , Bozhko I. V. , Parkhomenko G. G. , Rykov V. B. , Podlesny D. S.
Published: December 2024

The paper emphasizes that the primary objective of fallow field tillage in summer and pre-sowing soil preparation is to create the most favorable conditions for moisture retention and accumulation within soil layers. (Research purpose) The study aimed to investigate the process of moisture accumulation within soil layers as influenced by the type of working bodies used for continuous tillage of fallow fields. (Materials and methods) The research was conducted in field conditions using an experimental model of a steam cultivator equipped with a roller having a working width of 3 meters, as well as a standard KSOP-4 cultivator for continuous tillage. (Results and discussion) Observations from June to August confirmed that the experimental steam cultivator with a roller effectively prevented the displacement of wet soil layers to the surface, maintaining a volumetric moisture content of 16.42-17.37 percent in the 5-centimeter layer. Moisture accumulation was recorded at various soil depths, with volumetric moisture levels recorded at 28.40-30.48 in the 10-centimeter layer, 30.18-32.82 percent in the 15-centimeter layer, and 26.90-29.38 percent in the 20-centimeter layer. For comparison, continuous tillage using a standard cultivator resulted in the displacement of wet soil layers to the surface, with volumetric moisture levels of 22.62-25.14 percent in the 5-centimeter layer. Moisture accumulation in deeper soil layers decreased, showing 18.57-21.57 percent in the 10-centimeter layer, 14.09-15.58 percent in the 15-centimeter layer, and 22.75-22.21 in the 20-centimeter layer. (Conclusions) The study demonstrated that using specific working bodies for continuous soil cultivation in summer ensures moisture retention within the soil layers. This approach facilitates shallow cultivation to a depth of 4-6 centimeters without exposing wet layers to the surface.
Substantiation of Drying Modes for a New Universal Method of Short Flax Fiber Drying
Authors: Novikov E. V. , Altukhova I. N. , Koroleva E. N. , Bezbabchenko A. V.
Published: December 2024

Deep processing enterprises often receive short flax fibers with high moisture content, which must be dried to meet processing requirements. (Research purpose) To investigate the effect of process parameters (speed, drying agent consumption, air injection and vacuum, air temperature in the drying chamber) on the drying time of short and uniform flax fibers. (Materials and methods) The studies were conducted using a new drying unit with air recirculation. Flax fibers were pre-moistened to a moisture content of 35-40 percent and loaded into the working chamber. Before drying, and then at one-minute intervals during the process, the fibers were weighed to monitor moisture loss. Additionally, the air temperature at the inlet and the outlet of the drying chamber, as well as in the mixing chamber, was measured before the start of the process and then at one-minute intervals. Experiments were conducted using various combinations of speed and flow rates for both incoming and outgoing air in the drying chamber. The initial temperature of the drying agent was 70-80 degrees Celsius, with a relative humidity of 5 percent. The average ambient temperature in the facility was 17 degrees Celsius, and the recirculation degree was 1.4. (Results and discussion) The drying duration of short flax fibers from a moisture of 30 to 14 percent is 1.3-1.9 minutes. Switching the airflow mode from injection to vacuum does not significantly affect the drying time; for effective drying, an air speed of 8-9 meters per second should be maintained. The temperature of the drying agent continuously increases, while the exhaust air temperature initially drops by 25-28 degrees Celsius before rising again. The temperature of the mixed air remains almost unchanged. (Conclusions) For the first time, optimal process parameters have been determined for drying short flax fibers in a new installation with air recirculation: a drying duration of 1.3-1.4 minutes, a drying agent temperature of 75-80 degrees Celsius, as well as ideal combinations of airflow rate and speed for both the incoming and outgoing air.
Photoluminescent Device for Monitoring Fusarium Infection in Seeds
Authors: Moskovsky M. N. , Belyakov M. V. , Efremenkov I. Yu.
Published: December 2024

Plant diseases reduce crop yields and can significantly undermine the sustainability of the agricultural sector. Early detection is crucial for effective disease control and management. An analysis of optical methods and devices for diagnosing plant infestations was carried out. (Research purpose) To develop a device for optical photoluminescence diagnostics of Fusarium infestation in cereal seeds. (Materials and methods) Fusarium-infected seeds of Irishka 172 winter wheat and Moskovsky 86 barley were studied. (Results and discussion) A universal device for measuring wheat and barley infestation must be equipped with three radiation sources, operating at wavelengths of 362, 424, and 485 nanometers. The VLMU3510-365-130 LED is most suitable for exciting luminescence at 362 nanometers, the CREELED424 LED is optimal for 424 nanometers, and the XPEBBL-L1 LED is ideal for 485 nanometers. The VEMD5510 photodiode was chosen to detect seed luminescence in the ranges of 390-550 and 510-670 nanometers, while the BPW21R photodiode was selected for the range of 450-600 nanometers. Additionally, a microcontroller, operational amplifier, display, keyboard and other components were also selected. A block diagram was developed that includes incorporating light-optical and electronic units, along with a power supply. During laboratory tests of the LUM VIM-1 device prototype, photosignal responses were observed at 362, 424 and 485 nanometers for wheat and barley seeds with varying infestation levels. The method for determining Fusarium infection includes sample preparation, excitation and detection of photoluminescence, amplification of the photoluminescence signal ratio, and calculation of infection levels using calibration equations. (Conclusions) Based on the energy efficiency criterion, radiation sources and receivers were selected for the device used in the express monitoring of Fusarium infection levels in wheat and barley seeds. During laboratory tests, previously obtained dependencies of seed photoluminescence fluxes on infection levels were confirmed, and the calibration characteristics of the developed device were refined.
Weber e a literatura brasileira: contextualização de Macunaíma
Authors: Gigante Lucas Cid
Published: December 2024

Meu tema é uma conjugação irregular e heteróclita, que aproxima dois mundos afastados: o da análise de categorias weberianas e análise de parte da produção de Goethe e o da literatura brasileira a partir de Macunaíma, de Mário de Andrade. Numa escrita mais informal, darei bastante espaço para minhas referências falarem e empregarei algumas variações sobre um mesmo tema, que aqui cumpre adiantar: o da busca e sustentação da personalidade no mundo moderno – para fazer a contextualização percorrer um caminho de ajustes entre estes mundos.
A Max Weber e o estudo das sociedades escravistas e pós-escravistas
Authors: Mata Sérgio da
Published: December 2024

Se existe um problema presente – se bem que de forma difusa – por toda a obra de Max Weber, é o tema da liberdade. Como bom neokantiano, Weber entendia que a eticização moderna do trabalho só pôde se estabelecer onde já não existia o que Marx chamara de formas de coerção extra-econômica do trabalho. Isso significa dizer, em última análise, que a liberdade não se dá a pensar sem o seu oposto. De fato, não faltam evidências de que o avesso da liberdade é uma questão importante para Weber, e isso para muito além de sua visão sombria sobre a inexorável racionalização/burocratização do mundo moderno. Grosso modo, a questão subjacente – embora nunca tenha sido formulada explicitamente por ele – é a mesma feita por Orlando Patterson em seu Freedom in the Making of Western Culture: “A escravidão teve de existir”, escreve Patterson (2008, p. 117), “antes que as pessoas pudessem sequer conceber a ideia da liberdade enquanto valor”.
A recepção de Max Weber no Brasil e suas contribuições para o paradigma weberiano
Authors: Sell Carlos Eduardo
Published: December 2024

O que a recepção de Weber no Brasil pode contribuir com o desenvolvimento do Paradigma Weber? Esta pergunta já indica que este texto não se limita apenas a descrever historicamente o processo de recepção da sociologia de Max Weber no campo intelectual brasileiro. Seguindo a pista aberta por Wolfgang Schluchter (2007), o que se pretende desenvolver aqui é uma análise histórica com intenção sistemática. Isso não significa que o primeiro objetivo deste escrito não consista em (i) retratar a peculiaridade da recepção de Weber no Brasil. Todavia, busca-se ir além do aspecto histórico-interpretativo e, adotando uma perspectiva sociológica, um segundo objetivo buscado consiste (ii) em demonstrar também seu potencial analítico global. Tal desiderato implica superar uma visão difusionista e unidirecional para adotar uma hermenêutica global e multidirecional.
Macro, Micro e Meso - reflexões sobre a quantificação na reconstrução de argumentos weberianos
Authors: Fanta Daniel
Published: December 2024

O texto a seguir procura examinar o modelo macro-micro-macro de um ponto de vista metateórico, em conformidade com o esquema de reconstruções metodológicas dos processos de investigação social proposto por Oliveira Filho (1976). O objeto da metateoria é a teoria, assim como a teoria tem como objeto a realidade empírica ou alguma outra teoria. Alfred Tarski (1944, p. 349-350) nos lembra que a definição de "metalinguagem" e sua respectiva "linguagem-objeto" é sempre relativa, de modo que, se uma teoria "a" ou um grupo de teorias "b, c, ..." é objeto de pesquisa, uma metalinguagem "ma" ou "mb, mc, ..." é usada para falar de "a" ou "b, c, ...". Assumindo que a sociologia é uma ciência empírica, há pelo menos um nível de investigação em que a realidade empírica – ou mais precisamente: uma determinada descrição dessa realidade empírica – constitui o objeto, e a teoria social, ou a teoria sociológica, é a sua metalinguagem. No caso de que estamos tratando neste texto, o objeto de análise não é a realidade empírica, mas um tipo de explicação sociológica, o modelo macro-micro-macro, o que significa que o objeto está situado no plano teórico e a sua metalinguagem é, portanto, metateórica.
A formação das regras de experiência e a experimentação mental nas ciências empíricas da ação de matriz weberiana
Authors: Custódio Henrique Florentino Faria
Published: December 2024

A metodologia weberiana procura construir as condições fundamentais que assegurem a objetividade nas ciências empíricas da ação. Propor como análise a formação das regras de experiência nas ciências empíricas da ação de matriz weberiana é compreender um importante instrumento da ciência, que é basicamente, dada a condição lógica e substantiva específica subjacente às ciências empíricas da ação, a operação de causa e efeito.
Nós não consideramos o exame ora anunciado como uma oferta sem demanda. Entendemos ser tarefa de uma Filosofia da Ciência, mesmo que sem uma procuração outorgada por quem concebe e opera uma determinada ciência empírica, empregar esforços para auxiliar os cientistas na busca por clareza, enquanto sistematização, do método empregado. Tal empreendimento pode agregar, aos esforços realizados entre os pesquisadores, alguns elementos cognitivos para a correção dos resultados das investigações e para a comunicabilidade do fazer científico
Max Weber: a história na ação e a ação na história
Authors: Valle Ulisses do
Published: December 2024

Entre as tantas contribuições de Max Weber para as ciências da cultura, destacam-se seus vastos estudos e trabalhos de natureza empírica e um conjunto menor mas nada desprezível de ensaios teóricos e epistemológicos. É já bem estabelecido que para Weber o trabalho teórico e a reflexão epistemológica não gozavam nunca de uma irrestrita autonomia: ao contrário, tratava-se quase de um dever de ofício do investigador da realidade empírica com pretensões científicas o refletir sistemática e criticamente sobre os próprios procedimentos metodológicos e sobre os pressupostos teóricos e conceituais envolvidos em seu afazer. Nesse exercício de reflexão crítica sobre as ciências da cultura, Weber legou-nos uma porção de textos cujo âmbito de problemas e temas remete ora a princípios gerais de uma teoria histórica ora a princípios gerais de uma teoria sociológica. Não se deve esquecer, entretanto, que o próprio Weber defendia uma espécie de integração complementar entre história e sociologia no estudo das realidades humanas.
Causal Theories of Intentional Action
Authors: White Andrea
Published: December 2024

Chapter 2 outlines causal theories of intentional action and explains how these theories are used to justify the relational understanding of mental causation. This chapter also argues that causal theories of intentional action owe much of their plausibility to relational approaches to causation.
A Non-relational Approach to Causation
Authors: White Andrea
Published: December 2024

Chapter 6 presents a novel non-relational approach to causation. This approach denies that causation is always a relation and holds instead that causation can be a process. It is suggested that causation is on display not only when events make the difference to the occurrence of other events but also when substances engage in processes. It is argued that engaging in a process is analogous to instantiating a property, and that events are instances of processes.
Alternative Measurement for Inserting Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Neonates
Authors: Dorea Eny , da Silva Garcia Karina Rangel , de Moura Rayhelle Cristiny Arantes , Santos Clisangela Lago , da Conceição Rodrigues Elisa , Machado Maria Estela Diniz , Reis Adriana Teixeira , da Silva, Luciana Rodrigues
Published: December 2024

Highlights

Purpose:

To compare the conventional measurement with an alternative measurement for inserting peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in neonates.

Basic Procedures:

Observational study, comparative cohort, with 24 neonates. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical calculations. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee.

Main Findings:

It was found that, in 91.7% of cases, the conventional measurement was greater than the alternative. Dislodgement occurred in 75.0% of the inserted catheters, with the length of dislodgement being between 1 cm (33.3%) and 2 cm (25.0%). Dislodgement was not associated with the weight and age of the neonate. Most catheters were silicone (54.2%), inserted in the right upper limb (62.5%), and with the catheter tip in the third intercostal space (58.3%).

Conclusions:

The alternative measurement suggests a decrease in the number of catheter dislodgements for repositioning its tip, mitigating complications arising from the use of the device. Therefore, it is recommended that the proposed alternative measure for PICC insertion in newborns be further investigated in new studies to establish robust scientific evidence aimed at modifying current practice and improving the quality of care for neonatal patients.
The Survivability of Bacterial Contaminants on a Retracted Stainless-Steel Needle Within a Novel Vascular Access Device
Authors: Anstett Michael , Shumway Spencer B.
Published: December 2024

Highlights

Background:

Over-the-needle (OTN) peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are crucial in modern medicine. However, the OTN design allows for direct catheter-to-skin contact during insertion, leaving the sterile catheter at risk for bacterial contamination from the skin. A novel through-the-needle (TTN) PIVC design aims to minimize this risk by shielding the sterile catheter during insertion with the introducer needle. This needle then permanently retracts into the device housing and remains with the patient. In this study, we evaluate the survivability of bacterial contaminants on the retracted needle to address concerns about potential infection risks associated with this design.

Methods:

Fifteen TTN PIVC devices were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus (101 to 102 CFU) on the outer surface of the needle. After needle retraction, devices were stored for 0, 24, 72, and 120 hours. At each time point, devices were processed, and bacterial survival was quantified using standard microbiological techniques.

Results:

The initial bacterial load (105.1 ± 51.4 CFU per device) decreased significantly over time. By 72 hours, bacterial count had reduced to 1.4 ± 2.4 CFU per device, representing a 98.7% reduction (P < 0.05). No significant change was observed between 72 and 120 hours. The most substantial decline occurred within the first 72 hours, with the difference between 0 hours and both 72 and 120 hours being statistically significant (P = 0.016 for both).

Conclusions:

The significant reduction in bacterial population on the retracted needle over time suggests a low risk of bacterial propagation within the TTN PIVC device. These findings indicate that the TTN design effectively addresses catheter contamination concerns during insertion without introducing additional infection risks due to needle retention.
Building Activity in Olbia in the Late Roman Time
Authors: Buiskykh Alla
Published: December 2024

This paper is devoted to the publication of two newly excavated building structures consisting of underground and ground constructions that are attributed to the latest period of Olbia’s existence. Archaeological artefacts found inside them are presented, including trading amphoras and ceramic pottery that are diagnostic for the final stage of the Cherniakhiv culture dating the last third of the 4th – the first quarter of 5th century AD. Separate attention is paid to a speculative idea about the fortified city, settled by Goths on the territory of the former Roman fortress of Olbia. The results of the recent archaeological excavations give the possibility of refuting this idea. The urban structure of the latest period, its status, and its spatial development are not yet clear and must be studied in depth.