bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internal audit of of fixed assets of organization
Authors: Бородина  , Borodina Valyentina
Published: August 2015

This article describes how the internal audit on the basis of laws and regulations in their areas of accounting of fixed assets: valuation (original, subsequent revaluation, revaluation

surplus reduction); depreciation; restoration of fixed assets; lease; disposal; selecting and determining the overall scheme of fixed assets; workflow, as well as recommendations

on the formation of the program of internal audit.
Accountant professional judgment as an instrument of accounting decision selection
Authors: Устинова  , Ustinova Yana
Published: August 2015

This article bases necessity and expediency of use the accountant professional judgment as an instrument of reduction entropy of accounting system and decision of accounting problems in the framework of “true and fair view” concept. By this marks the base types of uncertainties, which demand making professional judgment, determines the information sources and stages of its forming, means the difficulties of its practice use.
Optimal Allocation Without Money: An Engineering Approach
Authors: Ashlagi Itai , Shi Peng
Published: August 2015

We study the allocation of heterogeneous services to agents with incomplete information and without monetary transfers. Agents have private, multidimensional utilities over services, drawn from commonly known priors. The social planner’s goal is to maximize a potentially complex public objective. For tractability, we take an “engineering” approach, in which we solve a large-market approximation, and convert the solution into a feasible finite-market mechanism that still yields good results. We apply this framework to real data from Boston to design a mechanism that assigns students to public schools, in order to maximize a linear combination of utilitarian and max-min welfare, subject to capacity and transportation constraints. We show how to optimally solve a large-market formulation with more than 868 types of students and 77 schools, and we translate the solution into a finite-market mechanism that significantly outperforms the baseline plan chosen by the city in terms of efficiency, equity, and predictability.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2162 .

This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Hit or Miss: What Leads Experts to Take Advice for Long-Term Judgments?
Authors: Ecken Philipp , Pibernik Richard
Published: August 2015

Managers and policy makers frequently face crucial strategic decisions that inevitably rely on judgments about relevant future events. These judgments are often characterized by very high uncertainty and the absence of experience from previous good or bad judgments. Judgments of other experts are oftentimes an important—sometimes the only—source of additional information to reduce uncertainty and improve judgment accuracy. However, in many practical situations, decision makers have very limited means to evaluate the quality of such “advice” from other experts and could tend to ignore this valid source of information. In this paper, we study what leads decision makers to take advice from an expert panel when judging the probability of far-future events with high economic impact. Our analysis is based on a unique data set that comprises more than 15,000 advice-taking decisions made by almost 1,000 experts from different industries. We find that decision makers have a strong tendency to ignore advice, which pronounces even further when conflicts in terms of beliefs, past experiences, or desires arise.

This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Oppositional Product Names, Organizational Identities, and Product Appeal
Authors: Verhaal J. Cameron , Khessina Olga M. , Dobrev Stanislav D.
Published: August 2015

At their core, markets are exchange structures between producers and consumers, and products are a key element that connects them together. Many new markets emerge in direct ideological opposition to incumbent industries. Yet, the ways in which ideology affects products in oppositional markets are not well understood. We propose that when audiences cannot easily differentiate between products based on physical attributes, they rely on ideological discourse about the production process. We argue that product names, by embodying linguistically the narrative of this discourse, shape the appeal of oppositional products to customers. When products have names that are congruent with the collective identity of an oppositional market, they have higher appeal. This beneficial effect is attenuated (1) when audience expectations about what type of product should have an oppositional name are violated and (2) when a firm develops a strong organizational identity and audiences rely on this identity to make inference about the firm’s production process. We find support for this theorizing in the longitudinal analyses of product appeal in the U.S. craft beer industry, 1996–2012.
Prison as a Liberated Zone: The Murals of Long Kesh, Northern Ireland
Authors: Rolston Bill
Published: August 2015

In Northern Ireland's Long Kesh prison in the late 1980s and 1990s, prisoners from each of the loyalist and republican groups painted highly politicized murals on the walls in their respective wings. This article seeks to examine these murals as both a symbol and a means whereby the politically motivated prisoners sought to appropriate the space of the prison for their own purposes. Their resistance, expressed in this and other ways, was not merely to the pains of imprisonment, the stripping of individuality and identity which was at the heart of the prison system. Rather imprisonment was seized as an opportunity to advance political understanding and build revolutionary structures whereby the prison was seen as one more front in their respective wars — that of republicans against the British state, and that of loyalists against republican insurgence. Each in their own way, republican and loyalist prisoners created virtual “liberated zones” within the prison and in doing so prepared for political power and conflict transformation on the other side of imprisonment.
E. Wright and A. King-Jones,
Operation 8: Deep in the Forest
Authors: Bürgenmeier Stéphanie
Published: August 2015

None
Using Longitudinal Data to Understand Changes In Consistent Contraceptive Use
Authors: Jones Rachel K. , Tapales Athena , Lindberg Laura D. , Frost Jennifer
Published: August 2015

CONTEXT

Most studies of contraceptive behavior rely on cross‐sectional data and are unable to adequately measure fluctuations in contraceptive use or changes in circumstances and attitudes that are likely to be associated with this outcome.

METHODS

Between November 2012 and May 2014, four waves of data were gathered from a national sample of 1,842 women aged 18–39 at baseline. Cross‐tabulations were used to examine change and stability in time‐varying characteristics theorized to be associated with consistent contraceptive use. Random‐effects and fixed‐effects logistic regression models were used to examine variables associated with consistent contraceptive use.

RESULTS

While a majority of women were at risk of unintended pregnancy during each survey period, only 42% were at risk during all four. Random‐effects logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of being a consistent contraceptive user were 10 times as high for a woman who expressed a strong pregnancy avoidance attitude as for a woman who had a weak attitude. This strong association was confirmed in the fixed‐effects model. However, having a strong desire to avoid pregnancy was not static; among women at risk of unintended pregnancy during at least one survey period, 53% reported a change in attitude.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings build on prior research suggesting that pregnancy avoidance attitudes are an important motivator for contraceptive use. It is critical to recognize that the context in which many women make decisions about pregnancy and contraceptive use changes over relatively short periods of time.
Decomposition of the gender wage gap in Portugal, 1998–2007: The evidence of gender discrimination
Authors: Figueiredo Maria da Conceição , Botelho Maria do Carmo
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this article is to analyse the gender wage gap in Portugal by applying the counterfactual decomposition method employed by Machado and Mata (2005). In order to obtain a measure for wage discrimination at different quantiles, wage function estimation is based on quantile regression analysis (Koenker and Basset 1978), using datasets from the Inquérito ao Emprego (IELFS – Portuguese Labour Force Survey) of 1998 and 2007. The decomposition of gender wage inequality shows potential wage discrimination by gender due to the differences in the returns of working men’s and women’s characteristics. This discrimination increases across the whole distribution, for both 1998 and 2007. Although differences in the working men’s and women’s characteristics declined, the results show empirical evidence of the persistence of the discrimination effect in 2007 – at the same level. In addition, Oaxaca-Blinder’s standard decomposition approach, developed in 1973, was applied. The results confirm the average gender wage gap does not reflect the reality observed throughout the wage distribution, inasmuch as it overestimates what happens in lower-level quantiles and underestimates those of the higher levels.
AS MUDANÇAS NA IMAGEM DAS CIDADES DE CURITIBA E FLORIANÓPOLIS: UM ESTUDO SOBRE OS REFLEXOS DA DIVULGAÇÃO DAS CIDADES SEDES PARA A COPA DO MUNDO DA FIFA DE 2014
Authors: Trotta Stefanie Fontanete , Strehlau Vivian Iara , Turolla Frederico De Araujo
Published: August 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a importância da escolha de uma cidade para hospedar um grande evento internacional para imagem desta cidade sede e a manifestação em uma esfera positiva ou negativa, levando em conta a qualificação do teor das notícias analisadas. São analisadas as cidades de Curitiba – sede da copa do mundo da FIFA de 2014 e de Florianópolis – cidade para comparativo de pesquisa após o anúncio da escolha da primeira como cidade-sede. Este estudo contém um referencial teórico sobre marca de lugar/destino e megaeventos. Utilizaram-se dois tipos de pesquisa: bibliográfica e documental. Levantou-se a publicação sobre as duas cidades em dois jornais internacionais: o El País e o The New York Times e empregou-se a análise de conteúdo como técnica de análise das informações; em que se classificaram e se analisaram os resultados qualitativos encontrados nessas mídias nos últimos dois anos que antecederam e sucederam ao anúncio. Os resultados indicam que, apesar de haver uma diferença menor no número de artigos encontrados, houve um aumento na avaliação positiva dos artigos, permitindo acreditar que o anúncio trouxe reflexos positivos para as cidades. Palavras-chave: Megaeventos. Marca de lugar. Imagem de destino. Curitiba. Florianópolis.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE GUIAS TURÍSTICOS EM FORMATO DE APLICATIVO: LONELY PLANET E MTRIP
Authors: Brilhante Marianna Do Nascimento , Corrêa Cynthia
Published: August 2015

A tecnologia móvel ganha projeção como plataforma de distribuição de produtos e serviços turísticos. Entre as fontes de informação mais utilizadas pelos viajantes estão os guias turísticos, que se popularizam no formato de aplicativos para dispositivos móveis, visando manter o viajante informado e orientado de modo dinâmico. A pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a estrutura dos aplicativos de viagens para dispositivos móveis, a partir de um estudo comparativo de caráter qualitativo e exploratório dos guias turísticos Lonely Planet e mTrip, respectivamente das empresas BBC Worldwide e Apple Inc. Trata-se de uma pesquisa baseada em revisão bibliográfica e na análise dos guias turísticos sobre a cidade de New York, considerando as seguintes categorias de análises: conteúdo informativo, m-Commerce, interatividade e versões multilíngues. Como resultados, verifica-se que, em geral, há similaridades entre os conteúdos apresentados pelos dois aplicativos. Todavia, nas outras categorias de análise, o guia mTrip destaca-se ao oferecer transações comerciais via dispositivo móvel, explorar o potencial de interatividade por meio de serviço de realidade aumentada e compartilhamento em mídias sociais, bem como ao disponibilizar versões em outros idiomas, de modo a ampliar o acesso a turistas de diferentes nacionalidades. Palavras-chave: Turismo móvel. Aplicativos. Guias turísticos.
Clarifying translanguaging and deconstructing named languages: A perspective from linguistics
Authors: Otheguy Ricardo , García Ofelia , Reid Wallis
Published: August 2015

The concept of translanguaging is clarified, establishing it as a particular conception of the mental grammars and linguistic practices of bilinguals. Translanguaging is different from code switching. Under translanguaging, the mental grammars of bilinguals are structured but unitary collections of features, and the practices of bilinguals are acts of feature selection, not of grammar switch. A proper understanding of translanguaging requires a return to the well known but often forgotten idea that named languages are social, not linguistic, objects. Whereas the idiolect of a particular individual is a linguistic object defined in terms of lexical and structural features, the named language of a nation or social group is not; its boundaries and membership cannot be established on the basis of lexical and structural features. The two named languages of the bilingual exist only in the outsider’s view. From the insider’s perspective of the speaker, there is only his or her full idiolect or repertoire, which belongs only to the speaker, not to any named language. Translanguaging is the deployment of a speaker’s full linguistic repertoire without regard for watchful adherence to the socially and politically defined boundaries of named (and usually national and state) languages. In schools, the translanguaging of bilinguals tends to be severely restricted. In addition, schools confuse the assessment of general linguistic proficiency, which is best manifested in bilinguals while translanguaging, with the testing of proficiency in a named language, which insists on inhibiting translanguaging. The concept of translanguaging is of special relevance to schools interested in the linguistic and intellectual growth of bilingual students as well as to minoritized communities involved in language maintenance and revitalization efforts.
Resisting linguistic marginalization in professional spaces: Constructing multi-layered oppositional stances
Authors: Sandhu Priti
Published: August 2015

This paper analyzes the resistant stances enacted by six recently-graduated, Hindi medium educated (HME) Indian women against the primacy accorded to English medium educated (EME) individuals in urban professional hiring practices. The data were collected in face-to-face, audio-recorded interviews by the researcher in the summer of 2013 from New Delhi. Aligning with Jaffe’s (2009) argument that a salient role of stance-based research is to theorize the relationship between stancetaking and sociocultural conditions and adopting a critical constructivist perspective (while withholding claims about participants’ inner psychological states), this paper shows that within the postcolonial context of urban India, the liminal, hybrid, third spaces of participants’ locations are discursively connected to the exigencies and inequalities characteristic of their local social structures. Analysis of participants’ resistant stances demonstrates their complex, multi-layered, and context-specific characteristics elucidating the ways in which these stance performances are achieved by variously intertwining discourses about linguistic prejudices, nationalism, colonialism, gender and socioeconomic conditions. Specifically, these sociopolitical issues are related to (i) gender-based personal safety anxieties, (ii) neoliberal discourses about India’s demographic dividend (i.e. the public celebration of the increase in the country’s ‘young’ population), (iii) arguments about justice, citizenship and national language, (iv) discourses of colonialism and government apathy, (v) group rights, ethics and responsibilities, and (vi) an unvarnished shaming of the ubiquity of EME preference in local hiring practices. The paper argues that HME-associated linguistic exclusionary practices, whether driven by economic necessities or by biased linguistic ideologies, perpetuate and deepen existing class-based divides, fail the aspirational needs of a growing urban, youthful, and vernacular medium educated population while further complicating the challenges faced by women in a historically patriarchal society.
Long-term stability of glucose: 96-h study using Terumo Glycaemia tubes
Authors: Winter Theresa , Greiser Anne , Nauck Matthias , Petersmann Astrid
Published: August 2015

Long transportation times of samples can occur due to centralization of laboratories, and also in, for instance epidemiological multicenter studies with one core laboratory. Unsatisfactory glycolysis inhibition is known to threaten the correct measurements of glucose concentration in patient samples. In former studies Terumo Glycaemia tubes proved to be superior to other anticoagulant systems for time periods of up to 24 h. We investigated long-term stability of glucose concentration in Terumo Glycaemia tubes for up to 96 h at room temperature and imitated transport conditions by continuous sample shaking.

Human venous blood samples were collected from 40 healthy blood donors using Terumo Glycaemia tubes. Immediately after sampling, tubes were mixed according to the manufactures recommendations. To simulate transportation conditions samples were placed on a shaker for the entire study period and maintained at room temperature. Samples were (re)centrifuged at 0, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h prior to measuring glucose concentration. The glucose concentration at 0 h was used as baseline for evaluation of long-term stability.

The recovery of glucose was 100% throughout the study, including the 96-h measurements. Deviations of single glucose measurements were within the imprecision of the measurement procedure.

Terumo Glycaemia tubes can effectively stabilize glucose in whole blood samples kept at room temperature on a shaker during a 96-h time period. Therefore, we consider Terumo Glycaemia tubes as a suitable glucose stabilizing tube for long intervals between sample collection and glucose quantification.
Rust exfoliation on carbon steels in chloride-rich atmospheres
Authors: Chico Belen , Alcántara Jenifer , Pino Elizabeth , Díaz Iván , Simancas Joaquín , Torres-Pardo Almudena , de la Fuente Daniel , Jiménez José Antonio , Marco José F. , González-Calbet José María , Morcillo Manuel
Published: August 2015

The exposure of carbon steel in marine atmospheres can lead in certain circumstances to the formation of thick rust layers (containing a number of compact laminas) that are easily detached (exfoliated) from the steel substrate, leaving it unprotected and considerably accelerating the corrosion process. This deterioration phenomenon is of particular concern in steel infrastructures located close to the sea (civil constructions, bridges, etc.), whose service lifetime can be extraordinarily limited. High times of wetness of the metallic surface and high chloride ion deposition rates play a decisive role in the formation of this type of rust. Research has been carried out for 1 year in eight pure marine atmospheres with annual average chloride deposition rates of 70–1906 mg Cl-/m2day. The studied carbon steels consisted of one mild steel, one conventional weathering steel (Corten A), and one high nickel (~3 wt.%) advanced weathering steel (AWS). The paper describes the environmental conditions that lead to the formation of these thick multilaminar rust layers and presents a characterisation study of this singular type of rust using a variety of analysis techniques: scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy/electron diffraction. The Ni-AWS shows greater resistance to the occurrence of rust exfoliation.
Role of Mo/V carbides in hydrogen embrittlement of tempered martensitic steel
Authors: Lee Junmo , Lee Taekyung , Kwon Young Jin , Mun Dong-Jun , Yoo Jang-Yong , Lee Chong Soo
Published: August 2015

The vulnerability of tempered martensitic steel to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) has attracted attention from a number of researchers. Although utilizing carbide precipitation is one of effective methods to improve HE resistance, few studies have focused on the effects of carbide characteristics, such as the chemical composition and morphology of carbide. This work clarifies the role of Mo carbide and V carbide in the HE behavior of tempered martensitic steels with four steels whose chemical composition was carefully controlled. The beneficial effect of carbides is discussed in terms of hydrogen trapping and fracture mode. The low amount of trapped hydrogen and undissolved carbide led to excellent HE resistance of Mo carbides compared to V carbides. In addition, the superior mechanical performance of Cr-Mo steel was also interpreted by the effect of Cr addition as well as Mo carbides.
Barriers to health education in adolescents: health care providers’ perspectives compared to high school adolescents
Authors: Abedian Kobra , Shahhosseini Zohreh
Published: August 2015

Aim: Although adolescence is marked by profound and dynamic changes, it is virtually neglected by health care providers, by society, and even by most parents, teachers, and health professionals. The aim of this study was to investigate barriers to health education in adolescents from health care providers’ views compared to teens.

Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 72 health care providers and 402 high school female students in Northern Iran in 2012. They completed a self-administered questionnaire about their views on barriers to adolescents’ health education.

Results: It is revealed that the major barrier to adolescents’ health education from a health care providers’ perspective is “Lack of private room for adolescents’ health education”, while “Lack of adolescents’ interest to content of educational programs” is a significantly greater barrier to health education among adolescents.

Conclusion: The results suggest that for adolescent health education, specific strategies should be used in adolescent health promotion programs.
A Quantum Corrected Poisson-Nernst-Planck
Model for Biological Ion Channels
Authors: Liu Jinn-Liang
Published: August 2015

A quantum corrected Poisson-Nernst-Planck (QCPNP) model is proposed for simulating ionic currents
through biological ion channels by taking into account both classical and quantum mechanical effects.
A generalized Gummel algorithm is also presented for solving the model system. Compared with the experimental
results of X-ray crystallography, it is shown that the quantum PNP model is more accurate than the
classical model in predicting the average number of ions in the channel pore. Moreover, the electrostatic potential
has been found to reach as high as 19% difference between two models around the charged vestibule
which has been shown to play a significant role in the permeation of ions through ion-selective ligand-gated
or voltage-activated channels. These results indicate that the QCPNP model may be considered as a more
refined continuum model that can be incorporated into a multi-scale electrophysiology modeling.
The Moral Economy of Global Crowds: Egypt 1977, Brazil 2013
Authors: Drainville A. C.
Published: August 2015

Presuming the hegemony of transnational capital – and thus the perils of action at the global level – critical scholarship has looked with benevolent complacency upon what people actually resisting neoliberal world ordering in our time have been inventing in the course of their struggles. Here, I want to stay a little longer with praxis itself as it takes shape in moments of encounters between global power and its opposite, when world order can still be problematized as if it was at stake. Looking into the gatherings of global crowds, I find a common legitimizing notion. In contrast to the “steady-state” morality of peasants, the moral economy of global crowds is more properly thought of as a morality of situation. It is not about subjectivity but presence. In the second section of the text, I argue for the relative coherence of a “moral and ethical order” of resistance. That we may still be in a time when it appears unnatural for power to be defined outside concrete, historical, situations when presence is possible suggests that domination, not hegemony, should serve as our reference point for thinking about world order and resistance.
The physiological and mononuclear cell activation response to cryotherapy following a mixed martial arts contest: a pilot study
Authors: Lindsay Angus , Carr Sam , Othman Mohd Izani , Marks Edward , Davies Sian , Petersen Carl , Draper Nick , Gieseg Steven P.
Published: August 2015

Cold water immersion is thought to reduce the inflammatory response to injury. Using cultured mononuclear cells and human subjects in a mixed martial arts (MMA) contest, we examined the effect of cryotherapy on 7,8-dihydroneopterin and neopterin generation. Urine was collected from 10 elite male mixed martial artists before, immediately post and 1, 2, 24 and 48 h following a contest. Myoglobin was analysed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and urinary neopterin and total neopterin (neopterin+7,8-dihydroneopterin) were measured by strong cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. Cold water immersion and passive recovery were compared using changes in these markers, while cryotherapy tested total neopterin production in γ-interferon and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated blood-derived mononuclear cells (monocytes/T cells). Myoglobin significantly increased (p<0.05) at 1 h post-contest, neopterin significantly increased at 1 and 24 h (p<0.05), total neopterin significantly increased (p<0.05) at 1 h post for the passive group only, and significant individual variation was observed for all markers (p<0.01). Cold water immersion attenuated total neopterin production (p<0.05), while cryotherapy significantly reduced total neopterin production in PMA-stimulated mononuclear cells (p<0.01). Cryotherapy attenuates the post-exercise inflammatory response following an MMA contest. The evidence also suggests that the mechanisms responsible for this may be related to direct immune cell suppression.
Some Remarks on the Riccati Equation Expansion Method for Variable Separation of Nonlinear Models
Authors: Zhang Yu-Peng , Dai Chao-Qing
Published: August 2015

Based on the Riccati equation expansion method, 11 kinds of variable separation solutions with different forms of (2+1)-dimensional modified Korteweg–de Vries equation are obtained. The following two remarks on the Riccati equation expansion method for variable separation are made: (i) a remark on the equivalence of different solutions constructed by the Riccati equation expansion method. From analysis, we find that these seemly independent solutions with different forms actually depend on each other, and they can transform from one to another via some relations. We should avoid arbitrarily asserting so-called “new” solutions; (ii) a remark on the construction of localised excitation based on variable separation solutions. For two or multi-component systems, we must be careful with excitation structures constructed by all components for the same model lest the appearance of some un-physical structures. We hope that these results are helpful to deeply study exact solutions of nonlinear models in physical, engineering and biophysical contexts.
Comparison and Agreement among Various Case Definitions of Periodontitis: A Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Pei Shian Tan , Pulikkotil Shaju Jacob
Published: August 2015

Background and aims. A plethora of definitions has been used for periodontitis for epidemiological studies. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of different case definitions on the prevalence of periodontitis and to find the level of agreement among them. Materials and methods. Periodontal records of 300 subjects were randomly selected from the database of Oral Health Center, International Medical University. The prevalence of periodontitis was determined using six different case definitions of I, II, III, IV, Va and Vb previously used in various studies. The definition Va proposed by CDC Periodontal Disease Surveillance Workgroup was adopted as the gold standard to calculate sensitivity and specificity. Results. There were large variations in the prevalence of periodontitis based on different definitions, ranging from 28% to 76.7%. There was good agreement between definitions III and Vb (0.901) and definitions II and III (0.713). Definition II had the highest agreement with the gold standard (Va) among all the definitions. Excluding definition I, all had a high specificity to the gold standard. Conclusion. The prevalence of periodontitis is greatly influenced by the choice of the case definition. Prevalence rates with definition II could be more accurate if the true prevalence is determined by definition Va.
Comparison of Opening Torque of Grooved and Non-grooved Memory Alloy Screws for Mandibular Fracture Fixation
Authors: Movahhedian Bijan , Ghods Shadab , Azadi Anahita , Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi
Published: August 2015

Background and aims. The aim of this study was to assess the opening torque of grooved and non-grooved screws made of shape memory alloys (SMA) for fixation of mandibular fractures. Materials and methods. In this in vitro study the opening torques of ten SMA screws with grooves and ten SMA screws without grooves were compared in 20 holes (10 holes for grooved screws and 10 holes for non-grooved screws) placed in the bovine mandible. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results. The mean opening torque was 2.27 ± 0.43 nm for screws in the control group and 2.05 ± 0.45 nm for screws in the grooved group (P < 0.05, P = 0.08). Conclusion. This study revealed that the torque needed for opening the grooved screws was higher in comparison with current fixation screws; however, the difference was not statistically significant.
Mechanical Tooth Depuration and Pocket Depth: A Correlative Clinical Study
Authors: Daing Anika , Singh Aparna , Dixit Jaya
Published: August 2015

Background and aims. Previous researches, conducted mostly on extracted teeth, have shown that efficacy of calculus removal decreases with increasing pocket depth, but there is still a lack of clinical studies concerning the correlation between residual calculus and varying pocket depths. The objective of the present clinical study was to assess the efficiency of mechanical tooth depuration by closed approach in terms of pocket depth, tooth type and tooth surface. Materials and methods. Fifty subjects with chronic periodontitis underwent scaling and root planing by closed approach. After instrumentation, 225 teeth (92 single-rooted and 133 multi-rooted) with pocket depths of 4 mm and 5‒8 mm were evaluated for calculus-positive surfaces by surgical flap elevation. Residual calculus was assigned a score from 1 to 3 based on the distance in mm from CEJ or furcation. Results. 11.4% of surfaces were calculus-positive. On inter-pocket depth comparison, calculus-positive surfaces were present in both single- and multi-rooted teeth, with no significant differences. Residual calculus score 1 was significantly associated with a pocket depth of 4 mm and scores 2 and 3 with pocket depths 5‒8 mm in overall distribution and for multi-rooted teeth. Conclusion. During mechanical tooth depuration by closed approach, no significant correlation was found between percentages of calculus-positive surfaces and increasing pocket depth.
Fall-Related Injuries in a Cohort of Community-Dwelling Older Adults Attending Peer-Led Fall Prevention Exercise Classes
Authors: Wurzer Birgit , Waters Debra Lynn , Hale Leigh Anne
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose:

To investigate reported injuries and circumstances and to estimate the costs related to falls experienced by older adults participating in Steady As You Go (SAYGO) peer-led fall prevention exercise classes.

Methods:

A 12-month prospective cohort study of 207 participants attending community-based SAYGO classes in Dunedin, New Zealand. Types and costs of medical treatment for injuries and circumstances of falls were obtained via standardized fall event questionnaires and phone-administered questionnaires.

Results:

Eighty-four percent completed the study (160 females, 14 males, mean age = 77.5 [standard deviation = 6.5] years). More than a third of the total falls (55/148 total falls, 37%) did not result in any injuries. Most injuries (45%, n = 67) were sprains, grazes, and bruises. Medical attention was sought 26 times (18%), out of which 6 participants (4%) reported fractures (none femoral). The majority of falls occurred while walking. More falls and injuries occurred outdoors (n = 55). The number of times medical treatment was sought correlated with the number of falls in the previous year (r = 0.50, P = .02). The total number of years attending SAYGO was a significant predictor of lower total number of injuries (stepwise regression β = −0.157, t = −1.99, P = .048). The total cost of medical treatment across all reported injurious falls was estimated at NZ$6946 (US$5415).

Discussion:

Older adults participating in SAYGO appear to sustain less severe injuries following a fall than previously reported. More falls and injuries occurred outdoors, suggesting better overall health of these participants. The role of long-term participation in fall prevention exercise classes on injurious falls warrants further investigation.
From Molecules to Patients: The Clinical Applications of Translational Bioinformatics
Authors: Regan K. , Payne P.R.O.
Published: August 2015

Objective: In order to realize the promise of personalized medicine, Translational Bioinformatics (TBI) research will need to continue to address implementation issues across the clinical spectrum. In this review, we aim to evaluate the expanding field of TBI towards clinical applications, and define common themes and current gaps in order to motivate future research.

Methods: Here we present the state-of-the-art of clinical implementation of TBI-based tools and resources. Our thematic analyses of a targeted literature search of recent TBI-related articles ranged across topics in genomics, data management, hypothesis generation, molecular epidemiology, diagnostics, therapeutics and personalized medicine.

Results: Open areas of clinically-relevant TBI research identified in this review include developing data standards and best practices, publicly available resources, integrative systems-level approaches, user-friendly tools for clinical support, cloud computing solutions, emerging technologies and means to address pressing legal, ethical and social issues.

Conclusions: There is a need for further research bridging the gap from foundational TBI-based theories and methodologies to clinical implementation. We have organized the topic themes presented in this review into four conceptual foci – domain analyses, knowledge engineering, computational architectures and computation methods alongside three stages of knowledge development in order to orient future TBI efforts to accelerate the goals of personalized medicine.
Personalization and Patient Involvement in Decision Support Systems: Current Trends
Authors: Sacchi L. , Lanzola G. , Viani N. , Quaglini S.
Published: August 2015

Objectives: This survey aims at highlighting the latest trends (2012-2014) on the development, use, and evaluation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) based decision support systems (DSSs) in medicine, with a particular focus on patient-centered and personalized care.

Methods: We considered papers published on scientific journals, by querying PubMed and Web of ScienceTM. Included studies focused on the implementation or evaluation of ICT-based tools used in clinical practice. A separate search was performed on computerized physician order entry systems (CPOEs), since they are increasingly embedding patient-tailored decision support. Results: We found 73 papers on DSSs (53 on specific ICT tools) and 72 papers on CPOEs. Although decision support through the delivery of recommendations is frequent (28/53 papers), our review highlighted also DSSs only based on efficient information presentation (25/53). Patient participation in making decisions is still limited (9/53), and mostly focused on risk communication. The most represented medical area is cancer (12%). Policy makers are beginning to be included among stakeholders (6/73), but integration with hospital information systems is still low. Concerning knowledge representation/management issues, we identified a trend towards building inference engines on top of standard data models. Most of the tools (57%) underwent a formal assessment study, even if half of them aimed at evaluating usability and not effectiveness.

Conclusions: Overall, we have noticed interesting evolutions of medical DSSs to improve communication with the patient, consider the economic and organizational impact, and use standard models for knowledge representation. However, systems focusing on patient-centered care still do not seem to be available at large.
How Sensor, Signal, and Imaging Informatics May Impact Patient Centered Care and Care Coordination
Authors: Moreau-Gaudry A. , Voros S. ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Sensor, Signal and Imaging Informatics
Published: August 2015

Objective: This synopsis presents a selection for the IMIA (International Medical Informatics Association) Yearbook 2015 of excellent research in the broad field of Sensor, Signal, and Imaging Informatics published in the year 2014, with a focus on patient centered care coordination.

Methods: The two section editors performed a systematic initial selection and a double blind peer review process to select a list of candidate best papers in the domain published in 2014, from the PubMed and Web of Science databases. A set of MeSH keywords provided by experts was used. This selection was peer-reviewed by external reviewers.

Results: The review process highlighted articles illustrating two current trends related to care coordination and patient centered care: the enhanced capacity to predict the evolution of a disease based on patient-specific information can impact care coordination; similarly, better perception of the patient and his treatment could lead to enhanced personalized care with a potential impact on care coordination.

Conclusions: This review shows the multiplicity of angles from which the question of patient-centered care can be addressed, with consequences on care coordination that will need to be confirmed and demonstrated in the future.
Stereotactic radiosurgery XX: ocular neuromyotonia in association with gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Sze W C Candy , McQuillan Joe , Plowman P Nicholas , MacDougall Niall , Blackburn Philip , Sabin H Ian , Ali Nadeem , Drake William M
Published: August 2015

We report three patients who developed symptoms and signs of ocular neuromyotonia (ONM) 3–6 months after receiving gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for functioning pituitary tumours. All three patients were complex, requiring multi-modality therapy and all had received prior external irradiation to the sellar region. Although direct causality cannot be attributed, the timing of the development of the symptoms would suggest that the GKS played a contributory role in the development of this rare problem, which we suggest clinicians should be aware of as a potential complication.

Learning points

GKS can cause ONM, presenting as intermittent diplopia.

ONM can occur quite rapidly after treatment with GKS.

Treatment with carbamazepine is effective and improve patient's quality of life.
Androgen receptor and prostate cancer stem cells: biological mechanisms and clinical implications
Authors: Deng Qu , Tang Dean G
Published: August 2015

Prostate cancer (PCa) contains phenotypically and functionally distinct cells, and this cellular heterogeneity poses clinical challenges as the distinct cell types likely respond differently to various therapies. Clonal evolution, driven by genetic instability, and intraclonal cancer cell diversification, driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs), together create tumor cell heterogeneity. In this review, we first discuss PCa stem cells (PCSCs) and heterogeneity of androgen receptor (AR) expression in primary, metastatic, and treatment-failed PCa. Based on literature reports and our own studies, we hypothesize that, whereas PCSCs in primary and untreated tumors and models are mainly AR−, PCSCs in CRPCs could be either AR+or AR−/lo. We illustrate the potential mechanisms AR+and AR−PCSCs may employ to propagate PCa at the population level, mediate therapy resistance, and metastasize. As a result, targeting AR alone may not achieve long-lasting therapeutic efficacy. Elucidating the roles of AR and PCSCs should provide important clues to designing novel personalized combinatorial therapeutic protocols targeting both AR+and AR−PCa cells.
Die Level-3-Verlautbarungen der ESMA – ein sicherer Hafen für den Rechtsanwender?
Authors: Frank Alexander
Published: August 2015

CESR als Rechtsvorgänger der ESMA verstand seine Verlautbarungen trotz ausdrücklicher Unverbindlichkeit als „safe harbour“ für den Rechtsanwender. Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, ob und inwieweit den – ebenfalls unverbindlichen – Leitlinien und Empfehlungen der ESMA im Einzelfall eine auch normative Wirkung beigemessen werden darf, die über eine bloße Faktizität hinausgeht, insbesondere ob derjenige, der sein Verhalten an den Leitlinien und Empfehlungen der ESMA ausrichtet, sich darauf berufen kann, „nichts falsch gemacht“ zu haben.
AIF-Verwahrstellen nach dem Kapitalanlagegesetzbuch (KAGB)
Authors: Janzen Alex
Published: August 2015

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Beauftragung, Funktion, Aufgaben, Aufsicht und Haftung von AIF-Verwahrstellen nach dem EU-Recht und dem Kapitalanlagegesetzbuch (KAGB). Die hochkomplexe Materie wird systematisch aufbereitet, das Zusammenwirken der Regelungen des europäischen und des deutschen Rechts wird aufgezeigt. Der Beitrag diskutiert aktuelle Problemfelder, die sich bei der Umsetzung der europarechtlichen Vorgaben und KAGB-Regelungen ergeben.
Features of 14-15 years’ age boys’ training to physical exercises
Authors: Kapkan O.O.
Published: August 2015

Purpose: to optimize modes of 14-15 years’ age boys’ training to physical exercises in educational process. Material: in experiment 14 years’ age boys (n=24) and 15 years’ old boys (n=24) participated. Plan of factorial experiment was used. Results: we detected influence of quantity of exercises’ repetitions (Х1) and rest intervals (Х2) on effectiveness of physical exercises’ training. Simultaneous varying of factors as per special program ensured studying of every of them in different conditions. It permitted to receive more reliable conclusions, suitable for changeable conditions. Results of dispersion analysis witness that for 14-15 years’ age boys optimal modes of training are within 6-12 repetitions in one lesson with rest intervals 60-120 sec. In case of 14 years’ age boys it is necessary to pay attention to quantity of exercises’ repetitions in one lesson. Concerning 15 years age boys - attention should be paid to increase of rest intervals and consideration of interaction of these two factors. Conclusions: We have determined that increase of effectiveness of training process is possible on the base of analysis of regression models, calculation of optimal modes of physical exercises’ fulfillment in process of their training.
Towards Paradigm of Education Appropriate to the Transition of Contemporary Way of Thinking
Authors: Matonis Vaidas
Published: August 2015

The purpose of the article is to show the problem of today to educate multi-dimensional man with positively oriented way of thinking in the context of tendencies of European cultural development and globalization. Research objectives are: 1) to disclose the weaknesses of some aspects both of Frankfurt school social theory, and globalization in changing traditional cultural elements and ways of thinking. 2) To found the perspectives of the education of understanding multi-dimensional man. 3) To give an educational interpretation of factors of mind changing in pursuance to promote cultural awareness of growing generation.The aim of protected purposeful education is to form integrated multi-dimensional man, disposing such features as cognoscibility and sensibility, creativity and enterprisebility,interpersonal / intercultural communicability and respectability, critical thinking and responsibility, cultural continuity and cultural awareness. Author is convinced that education of understanding multi-dimensional man which could enter both good traditions of cultural continuity and cultural dialog with the past is able to up-to-date the expression of human spiritual world as well as is possible to increase the sense of responsibility.
Doctoral Theses from Nursing Postgraduate Programs in Brazil and their Association with the Millennium Development Goals
Authors: Rodrigues Rosalina Aparecida Partezani , Robazzi Maria Lúcia do Carmo Cruz , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini , Fernandes Josicélia Dumet , Barros Alba Lucia Bottura Leite de , Ramos Flávia Regina Souza
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVES: The Millennium Development Goals are centered around combatting poverty and other social evils all over the world. Thus, this study seeks to identify the Millennium Development Goals as an object of study in theses from Postgraduate Nursing Programs in Brazil scoring 5 (national excellence) and 6 or 7 (international excellence), and evaluate the association between the score for the program and achieving the Millennium Development Goals.METHOD: Exploratory descriptive document research. Data were collected from the Notes on Indicators/Coordination for Higher Education Personnel Improvement for the 15 Postgraduate Nursing Courses scoring between 5 and 7 in the three-year-period of 2010/2012.RESULTS: of the 8 Millennium Development Objectives, 6 were dealt with in the theses. There was an association (Fisher's exact test p-value=0.0059) between the distribution of the theses and the program scores in relation to the Millennium Development Objectives (p-valor=0.0347)CONCLUSION: the doctoral theses were slightly related to the Millennium Development Objectives, covering the population's economic development, health conditions and quality of life. It is recommended that Postgraduate Programs in Nursing pay closer attention to the Millennium Development Objectives..
Redes neurais artificiais na predição da produtividade de milho e definição de sítios de manejo diferenciado por meio de atributos do solo
Authors: Leal Aguinaldo José Freitas , Miguel Eder Pereira , Baio Fabio Henrique Rojo , Neves Danilo de Carvalho , Leal Ulcilea Alves Severino
Published: August 2015

O entendimento dos fatores que influenciam a produtividade é essencial para o sucesso produtivo e para adoção de manejo diferenciado em sítios específicos. Na busca de alternativas para predizer a produtividade de grãos de milho a partir de atributos do solo, uma alternativa consiste no uso de redes neurais artificiais (RNAs). Diante disso, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia de adoção de atributos do solo por interface da análise de regressão, e das RNAs no estabelecimento de sítios de manejo diferenciado e predição da produtividade de grãos de milho, “segunda safra”, em solos de cerrado. Os dados foram obtidos em uma área de 41,76 ha, cultivada em 2010 e 2011. Apesar de demandar maior tempo de construção e processamento em relação à regressão linear, a adoção de RNAs permite melhor predição da produtividade de grãos. Em consonância ao estabelecimento de sítios específicos de manejo diferenciado do solo, a partir dos atributos teor de argila, capacidade de troca de cátions, matéria orgânica do solo e saturação de bases.