bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Microbial Consortium and C/N Ratio to Biogas Production from Rice Husk Waste by Using Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SS-AD)
Authors: Matin HashfiHawali Abdul , Hadiyanto
Published: December 2018

Rice husk is one of agricultural waste which have a potential to be processed into biogas. The aim of this research was to study the effect of enzymatic pretreatment and C/N ratio to biogas production from rice husk by solid state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD). This research were operated in batch system and at room temperature. TS was set 21%. Enzymatic pretreatment was conducted using lignase enzyme. C/N ratio was varied from 35, 40, 45, and 50. The variation of C/N ratio is made by adding technical urea to the substrate. Biogas formed was measured by using water displacement method every two days. The result showed that enzymatic pretreatment could increase biogas production varied from 30 to 55 %. The highest biogas production was obtained at C/N ratio 35. Specific biogas production on C/N ratio of 35, 40, 45, and 50 were 11.6, 10.2, 9.8 and 9.4 ml/grTS, respectively. SS-AD has volumetric loading of biogas production higher than generally in liquid anaerobic digestion (L-AD). Combined with our previous research with variations of C/N ratio 20, 25, 30, and 35, we obtained an optimum C/N ratio at 35.
Study of Utilization Under Sea-water Hydrostatic Pressure as Hydro Power Generation
Authors: Mugisidi Dan , Heriyani Oktarina
Published: December 2018

Harvesting energy from hydrostatic pressures in the ocean depth involves many variables that create complex situations. Variables such as pressure, temperature, water flow, and even fish are examples of variables that must be taken into account. In this study, the variables used to estimate power generation are pressure and depth. The purpose of this research is to get the picture of power potential that can be obtained by utilizing hydrostatic pressure under the sea. The study is base on literature from previous research and calculation. The generator is assume coupled with reverse osmosis equiptment so that the output is fresh water and electricity. The calculation base on information of population in Pramuka island that required 288 m3/day. The results show that the power generated is 16% of the available power potential and save electricity cost of water distribution 913 Rp/m3 or reduced 46%.
Undip Initiative for Sustainability (UNITY): A University Sustainability Program
Authors: Ambariyanto Ambariyanto , Utama Yos Johan , Budihardjo Mochamad Arief , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: December 2018

Managing a modern university that applies various international standards (world class university) must pay attention to many important factors, including sustainability. Universitas Diponegoro (Undip) Semarang, Indonesia as a public university legal entity that also has a vision of becoming a research university is well aware of the importance of establishing sustainable campus. This paper describes sustainability program of Undip called UNITY, which stands for Undip Initiative for Sustainability. This program refers to five main factors, namely infrastructure, energy and climate, waste, water, and transportation. This paper briefly discuss planned activities of each factor. The program which is fully supported by all components of Universitas Diponegoro, aims to create a campus that is clean, healthy, comfortable, safe and sustainable.
Framework Development of Campus Sustainability Assessment. Case Study: Diponegoro University
Authors: Wiganingrum Rahmaningtyas , Handayani Naniek U. , Suliantoro Hery
Published: December 2018

Campus sustainability has been the focus of global issues by university planners and policy makers as a result of realizing the impact of university activities on the environment. Application of campus sustainability in Indonesia, especially Diponegoro University (UNDIP) is still not widely done. There are several phenomena in UNDIP towards campus sustainability. This study discusses the assessment of campus sustainability in UNDIP. The framework to be used is a framework developed by Alghamdi in 2017. The AHP method will be used in determining the priorities of the main criterias, sub criterias, and indicators of the framework. The output of the priority will be used to calculate the sustainability score in UNDIP by multiplying the weight and scale of each indicator. The research has shown that there are 5 main criterias, 14 sub criterias, and 35 indicators. The important priorities are management with weight of 0.462, academia with weight of 0.172; environment with weight of 0.169; engagement with weight of 0.127; and innovation with weight of 0.070. The result of campus sustainability score in UNDIP is 75,1050 indicating that UNDIP is very sustainable.
Carbon Emissions And Mitigation Actions In Merauke
Authors: Untari  , Melmambessy Edy H.P , Simatupang David Oscar
Published: December 2018

Merauke district is one of the areas developing still need clearing land required for the expansion of farming land, Plantations and land clearing to a new settlement.Using forward looking method, Clearing land for the benefit of development produce carbon emissions. Carbon emissions 2014 to 2025 of 40.4 million tons CO2-eq with a total emission clean 20.7 tons CO2-eq. While carbon emissions Merauke in 2030 decreased to 37.3 million tons CO2-eq with a total emission clean of 15.4 million tons CO2-eq. To reduce carbon emissions, Merauke do 6 action plan mitigation in unit agricultural planning wetlands and agriculture dry land, production forest, natural heritage land, an absorbing area, mangrove forests and plantation.The carbon emissions reduction in 2030 namely 15.41 % equivalent to 51.5 million tons CO2-eq decline emissions from 6 mitigation action.
Sustainability Index of Watershed Using Environmental Restoration Approach
Authors: Annazili Haqqi , Karuniasa Mahawan , Saparis Soedarjanto Muchamad
Published: December 2018

The condition of the Upper Ciliwung Watershed’s Minimum Erosion Hazard value is still far from expected, since the value is still greater than one. The sustainability of watershed functions is influenced by the value of Minimum Erosion Hazard Rate, Farmer's Revenue, and Food Crop Production Results. The purpose of this research is to build calculation method of Sustainability Index of Watershed Function (IKFD) of Upper Ciliwung and to know the condition of Upper Ciliwung Watershed sustainability. The method of this research is mix method that combine quantitative and qualitative data. Data analysis was done by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the method used in this study, the authors build the calculation formula IKFD as follows: IKFD = (ITBEM × 72.8%) + (IPPet × 15.3%) + (IPTPa × 11.9%). The final calculation of IKFD Upper Ciliwung is done through the sum of the multiplication of the AHP value of each indicator with the real condition value of each indicator. After the Upper Ciliwung Watershed Index is obtained, then it is categorized into category classes based on the distribution of figures in the index calculation. The Sustainability Index Value of Upper Ciliwung Watershed Function at present is 30.7% and goes into very less level.
Environmental Law Politics and Malind Anim Indigenous People Rights Protection based on Free and Prior Informed Consent Principles
Authors: Rahail Emiliana B. , Kalalo Julianto J. J. , Betaubun Herbin F. , Kalalo Chyntia N.
Published: December 2018

Indigenous peoples and the environment are two things that are difficult to separate, because they are interdependent. The regulation of environmental law in Indonesia and in the world generally regulates the protection of indigenous peoples’ rights of the environment. Over time, conflicts over the environment often occur due to the needs of development that exploit the indigenous peoples’ environment. The problem in this paper is to protect the rights of indigenous peoples and their customary environment based on the Principles of Free and Prior Informed Consent (FPIC). Based on FPIC principles, indigenous peoples' rights of their environment can be protected and it will not cause harm to the indigenous peoples. When governments and investors use the customary environment of the indigenous people for both public and economic development interests, they must pay respect and appreciation to the indigenous peoples in the using the environment based on FPIC principles. This research was conducted by analyzing the rules of law and the principles of law, and examining the relationship of environmental law issues and the regulations that exist. The conclusion of this paper is that the principles of FPIC is the concept of environmental protection on the rights of indigenous peoples which must be applied in the existing laws of environmental law in Indonesia to maintain legal certainty in protecting indigenous peoples' customary environment.
Sustainable Ecotourism Development based on Participatory Rural Appraisal: A Case Study of Thekelan Village, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Andarani Pertiwi , Lestari Dwi Fitri , Rezagama Arya , Sariffuddin Sariffuddin
Published: December 2018

Thekelan Village, Kopeng District has a special potency of ecotourism. Thekelan Village is located at an altitude of + 2000 masl with magnificent scenery and surrounded by protected forest areas. The social characteristics of the community are homogeneous, distinctive, and strong highland culture. Thekelan Village has annually received visits from universities and schools for both comparative study and live-in programs. However, the sustainability of the tourism needed to be evaluated since the community has not participated much in the tourism activity (just lodging and communication). Indicators were established to evaluate the sustainability of existing tourism in Thekelan Village. Moreover, a survey, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion have been conducted to the community to assess the readiness to develop sustainable ecotourism. The results showed that the existing tourism has failed to be sustainable. Nevertheless, the community are ready to implement a new program to improve the management of community participation in the rural tourism setting. Therefore, a sustainable ecotourism can be developed and bring more economic benefits to the local people.
RealizingKampungPelangi as a Sustainable Village City Using Asian New Urbanism: Ideological Approach
Authors: Agitha Leoni Dwi , Kurniati Rina
Published: December 2018

Sustainable development is defined as fulfillment of the current needs without sacrificing the needs of future generations. This concept has long become the concern of experts until a goal of world development called Sustainable Development Goals/SDGs is born. Sustainable development have three pillars, namely economic, social and environment that integrated to achieve the method related to the condition of Kampung Pelangi. The analysis was using Doxiadis theory is reviewed by the Asian New Urbanism: Ideological Approach which is consisting of five planning instruments: Self Suffiency, Land as Resource, Shifting and Floating Values, Transport and Mobility, Conservation of Environmental. In the end there are several new program was initiated such as the implementation vertical garden using orchid, made the roadmap application to facilitate the tourist and increase community cooperation to improve the social economic life. The results of this research with the concept of Kampung Pelangi will be able to develop new programs based on sustainable development.
Analysis of land use changes to the criticality level of the catchment area in eight watersheds that flow into Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Rachmat Fitriyanto Bobby , Muhammad Helmi
Published: December 2018

Environmental problems in Jakarta, especially flooding problem, is strongly influenced by the condition of eight watersheds that flow into Jakarta Bay, namely Bekasi, Cisadane, Angke Pesanggrahan, Ciliwung, Krukut, Cakung, Buaran and Sunter. The center-periphery relationship between Jakarta and surrounding areas triggered significant land use changes in the watershed, especially in the upstream area. This study aims to analyze land use changes in eight watersheds that flow into Jakarta Bay in 2000, 2009 and 2017 as well as their effect on the distribution of the criticality level of the catchment area, using Geographic Information System (GIS) refers to Planning Procedures for Forest and Land Rehabilitation Engineering Watershed. The criticality map of the catchment area was created by overlay and scoring slope infiltration map, soil infiltration map and rainfall infiltration map. The results showed that there was a significant increase in built-up area of 14,33% in 2000-2009 and 10,42% in 2009-2017. In contrast, the area of dry land farming decreased significantly by 12,99% in 2000-2009 and 5.96% in 2009-2017. Based on the criticality analysis of the catchment area, land use changes in study area, mainly due to urban growth, has a significant effect on the criticality level of the catchment area.
Physical and Facilities Factors Influencing Tourist Distribution in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Shidiq Darajat Akhmad , Susilowati M. H. Dewi
Published: December 2018

Bantul Regency is one of favorite of tourism in Special Region of Yogyakarta. Bantul’s landscape are very different, more than half area is below 50 m and around 70 percent area consist agricultural lanscapes. Bantul Regency have many primary, secondary and conditional facilities, along accessibility. Variety of facilities cause differences number tourist. The objective of reseach was to analyze physical and facilities factors influencing tourist distribution. The method used are spatial and statistical analysis (chi-square). Based on spatial analysis shows: (1) physical factors are different, indicating flat on souther and plain on western; (2) the most facilities are placed at southern, especially Parangtritis Beach; (a) primary facilities covering most natural attractions in southern coastal areas and cultures in westhern with plain terrain; (b) the highest of secondary and conditional facilities are located at Parangtritis Beach;(d) highest accessibility is at Parangtritis Beach; (3) most tourist are placed at southern, especially Parangtritis Beach. Based on statistical analysis shows: (1) the influence of physical factors on distribution of number tourists is not significant at the significance level (α) = 0.05; (2) Correlation between number tourist and facilities is significant and indicate the value of correlation is 0.959.
Sustainable Livestock Development In The Border Of Merauke Region Based On Environment
Authors: Muchlis Dirwan , Nurcholis
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this research is to provide information on sustainable livestock strategies with regard to the environment and social of Papua local communities in the process of cattle breeding process. In addition to increasing the productivity of local livestock, it is required the efficiency of the use of feed materials derived from agricultural waste. This policy should be supported with innovation and technology. Data collection method of this research using two types of data that is primary data and secondary data, primary data obtained from interviews of 30 breeders and the determination of respondents is conducted by way of purposive sampling. Secondary data were obtained from the Livestock Service Office of Merauke Regency, Department of Food Crops and Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The field survey results show that in addition to the field grass as the main feed, all breeders use agricultural waste as forage for livestock feed and use little palm oil waste. Types of agricultural waste used are rice straw, sweet potato straw, corn stalks and leaves, and groundnut straw. The highest agricultural waste production is corn stalk and leaves and banana waste both based on fresh produce and dry ingredients. In addition to the most common maintenance pattern is extensively and the best livestock development sites are in elikobel. Site selection based on various things such as location of topography, suboptimal land use, integration pattern optimization, developing local livestock such as poultry and pigs. The conclusion of this research is the strategy of development of sustainable livestock in border area can be conducted in elikobel district with various records such as the need of government policy related to environmentally careful livestock integration system, improving feed innovation and technology, livestock breeding, reproduction technology, and animal disease control to increase productivity and production of local livestock.
Analysis Of Raw Water Supply In Pucang Gading Housing Complex, District Of Demak To Preparation Of Water Resources And Water Resources Management
Authors: Abdi Solikhul , Sudarno
Published: December 2018

Pucang Gading Housing Complex is an area within the Village Batursari, District of Demak with a population of 2018 as many as 44,257 inhabitants.

Raw water service system Mranggen Unit is divided into 5 areas of service (service area Mranggen, Batursari I, Batursari II, Batursari III and Kebon) which utilize raw water source of water treatment plant (IPA Waru) and 8 Wells In a total discharge of 120 liter/second.

The number of home connections in Pucang Gading area is currently 3,374 house connections, with a total water usage 14.25 liter/second Water discharges from clean water sources in Pucang Gading region are currently not maximally available to supply water to Pucang Gading service area. In this research will know the problems and readiness that exist by looking from the achievement of Medium Term Development Plan of Demak Regency Year 2016-2021. This research uses SWOT analysis method that is internal and external factors.

The selection of raw water sources for drinking water should pay attention to aspects of quality, quantity and continuity. Demak Regency has the potential of surface water either river/ reservoir/dam.

The problems and challenges of drinking water supply include issues of safe access to water supply, and regulation of groundwater utilization for the community.
Influence of Rainfall Spatial Distribution on Total Suspended Solid (TSS in Ci lutung Watershed
Authors: Taufik Ibrahim Anis , Kusratmoko Eko
Published: December 2018

The study aims to analyze the influence of rainfall spatial distribution on total suspended solid and the connection between total suspended solid with river stream discharge on the condition of physical characteristics in Cilutung stream area, Majalengka regency. The extraction process of Himawari 8 Imagery used to find out the rainfall spatial distribution pattern while taking samples in April, 2018. Curve Number Data have the form of hydrologic soil groups and land use required to give score to each five sub-watershed that has been delineated for region physical characteristic. The Rainfall spatial distribution pattern has strong correlation with total suspended solid concentration generated through runoff discharge with coefficient of determination number r2 = 0,8416. The varied rainfall spatial distribution pattern take part to the occurrence of fluctuation of total suspended solid concentration with average 190 mg/l, and amount of total suspended sediment yield 820 kg/m3.
Carrying Capacity of Kedungombo Reservoir for Net Cage Culture
Authors: Chandra Binsar Hamonangan Simanjuntak Iwan , Muhammad Fuad
Published: December 2018

Kedungombo reservoir with an area 4.800 Ha, being a drinking and municipal water supply, power generation, flood control, and fisheries activities namely net cage culture and capture fisheries. Carrying capacity assessment of Kedungombo Reservoir was conducted in relation to change in water volume and the present of net cage culture activity. This study to estimate carrying capacity of the reservoir for the culture of net cage. Carrying capacity was analyzed using the Beveridge formula (1996). Carrying capacity of Kedungombo Reservoir with net cage culture in this research is 5.114 tons/year with 1.461 total number of net cages allowed in reservoir. The number of net cages culture currently is 3.781 plots with total fish production on net cages culture is 13.233 tons/year. Thus, the culture activity of net cage fish has exceeded the carrying capacity of the Kedungombo Reservoir.
Potential Formation of Acid Mine Drainage In Putra Perkasa Abadi Coal Mining Company - Girimulya Site (BIB), Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan
Authors: Maharani Sri , Purwanto Purwanto , Wassiq Hidayat Jafron , Triraharjo Joko
Published: December 2018

Coal is a combustible fossil fuel, formed from plants that have been consolidated between rock strata and can be used by geothermal. World Energy Council said Indonesia is the fifth world coal producer after China, United States, India and Australia. Acid Mine Drainage is become one of environmental damage from coal massive exploitation in Indonesia. Precautions are required to reduce risks and minimize the formation of acid mine drainage at overburden disposal in order to meet the quality standards set by the Government. The action is carried out by isolating Potential Acid Forming (PAF) materials with non-acidic (NAF / Non Acid Forming) materials to avoid exposure to air and water with sulphide minerals. Good PAF and NAF material management in the disposal area will minimize the potential of acid mine drainage.
Assessment and Composition of Fish in the River District Maro Merauke
Authors: Melmambessy Edy H.P , Latuperissa Irianis L. , Welliken Marius Agustinus , Monika Nova Suryawati , Pangaribuan Rosa Delima
Published: December 2018

Maro River is one of the major rivers in Merauke Regency that has a width of about 43-900 m and length of 300 km. The purpose of this study is to find out the type and composition of fish caught using gill net in Maro River, Merauke Regency. This study was conducted in Maro River, Merauke Regency from May to June 2014. It was conducted using survey method. The data analysis included: species composition, relative abundance, availability frequency, diversity index and dominance index. The results of showed 1,084 fish in 17 species with the following composition; 490 of Kurtus gulliveri species (37,01%), 212 of Eleutheronema tetradactylum species (20,33%), 170 of Polydactylus plebeius species (16,30%), 75 of crassilabris Cinetodus species (7,19%), 64 of Cinetodus froggatti species (6,14%), 37 of Argyrosomus amoyensis species (3,55%), 20 of Mugil cephalus species (1,92%), 15 of Megalops cyprinoides species (1,53%), 15 of Thryssa scratchleyi species (1,4%), 12 of Lebtobrama sp species (1,15%), 9 of Lates calcarifer species (0,86%), 7 of Marilyna meraukensis species (0,67%), 7 of Scomberomorus commerson species (0,67%), 5 of Nibea squamosal species (0,48%), 4 of Rhinoptera javanica species (0,38%), 3 of Harpadon microchir species (0,29%) and 1 of Datnioides campbelli species (0,10%). Based on the availability frequency, there are 37 species with a percentage of 100%, 37 species with 67% and 7 species with 33%. The diversity of fish has a moderate value of 1<H’<3. The obtained dominance index value is close to 0, then it is stated that there is no species found to be dominant.
Coastal Typology of Landform in Pelabuhan Ratu Bay, Sukabumi Regency, Jawa Barat Province
Authors: Giovani Clara , Damayanti Astrid , Susiloningtyas Dewi
Published: December 2018

Sukabumi Regency has potential tourism sector which encourage the use of beach attractions in Pelabuhan Ratu Bay. The main tourist attraction is the hilly and plain panorama beach. This study is aimed to analyze landform and coastal typology to support coastal tourism development. This research provides overlay method of height and slope map, field observation, and verification. Identification of coastal typology was based on coastal materials (rock types and structures), relief (slopes and altitudes), and genesis. Comparative and descriptive spatial analysis were used as method of analysis. The result showed that the coastal typology of landform of Pelabuhan Ratu Bay consisted of volcanic, marine deposition, and organic coast. The beaches such as Cibareno, Cibangban, Karang Naya, Kadaka, and Loji have volcanic coast landform with flat, wavy, sandy, rocky beach typologies. The beaches in Pelabuhan Ratu sub-district, such as Citepus, Gado Bangkong, and Karang Pamulang, have landform of marine deposition with flat and sandy beach typology. Karang Haji and Karang Hawu beaches are coral reef organic beaches. Meanwhile, estuaries were found in Cikakak estuary and Cimaja beaches. The existence of beach tourism in Pelabuhan Ratu Bay is dominated by rocky sandy beaches and flat reliefs strongly support the development of coastal ecotourism.
The Fluctuation of Water Quality of Ci Lutung flow areas in Majalengka and Sumedang.
Authors: Caesar Agusto Deddy , Kusratmoko Eko
Published: December 2018

The river is the main source of water in Indonesia, which at the moment, this quality tends to get worse and is no longer worth consuming for various needs. The cause of the pollution is the entry of pollutants both point source (industrial waste) and non-point source (residential and agricultural land). Rainfall can be a non-point source pollutant agent from a watershed to a water body. The impact of rainfall on increasing concentrations of pollutants is very significant, especially the high intensity rainfall that falls after the long dry season. In this study, water quality data is obtained from river outlets located in Damkamun taken every 30 minutes during the rainfall event so that fluctuation in water quality can be seen. Water quality indicators studied in this research are TDS, DHLNitrate, Phosphate and Ph. The author, in analyzing, using rainfall Himawari 8 which is obtained every 10 minutes. The result shows that rainfall is directly related to the water flow and the fluctuation of the discharge affects the water quality. From the calculations, the chemical quality of water is also influenced by the use of land in the watershed. Nitrate value increases when the occurrence of rain occurs in land use while phosphate experiences a high value during the event.
The Problem And Its Impacts Of Mangrove Rehabilitation In Karangsong
Authors: Feti Fatimatuzzahroh , Sudharto P Hadi
Published: December 2018

Efforts to conserve coastal abrasion areas due to the overlapping of coastal development that causing in the overcapacity of environmental carrying capacity can be done among others by rehabilitating mangroves. Community development is an approach to help society by analyzing their problems and finding their solutions. Some studies show that mangrove rehabilitation be successful with a community development approach. However there is a new problem when the success of mangrove rehabilitation in Karangsong began to be claimed by one of the parties from several stakeholders who involved in mangrove rehabilitation activities. Beside that, problems arise from local governments claiming ownership of mangrove rehabilitation areas. The transfer of ownership is feared to threaten the sustainability of the mangrove forest area because the mangrove forest area is also an ecotourism, should be damaged conservation areas because it only focuses only on ecotourism. This paper reviews how the impact of one-sided claiming of one of the stakeholders and also the transfer of ownership of mangrove conservation area. To achieve the sustainability of the mangrove conservation area is needed regulation that not only benefits the government but also must involve the community in making the policy. In addition to the importance of sustainability of mangrove conservation is the main thing in conservation efforts.
Groundwater Quality Analysis in Nusakambangan Groundwater Basin/Indonesia
Authors: Triadi Putranto Thomas , Hanenda Qadarisman Adrian , Santi Narulita , Najib Najib
Published: December 2018

Nusakambangan groundwater basin is located in Nusakambangan Island, Cilacap Regency. Sea and swamp-bound the research area and there is no deep well, and the only one dug well available. This condition encourages the community to collect water from a pool of karst cave which unproven water quality. The study purpose is to determine the water feasibility at interest point as drinking water. The methods were hydrogeological field campaign by collecting 33 water sampling from pools and one sample from dug well to analyse physical and chemical properties as well as calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI). The results show the physical properties of water samples are having a relatively colourless but brownish in some samples, odourless, and a salty taste. The chemical properties indicated that the pH of water samples are ranging from 6,95 to 8,06 with the electrical conductivity (EC) start from 350 to 38,800 µS/cm. Moreover, the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) have a value from 216 to 21,800 mg/L with the total hardness is around 134-5,395 mg/L. The water types are Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Na-Cl. Based on WQI analysis, there are 13 unfeasible samples for drinking water in the south-east of Klaces village, in the western of Ujunggalang village, and in the Eastern of Tambakreja village.
The Extent of Damage Identification Method Using Extrusion Machine Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) in PT. XYZ
Authors: Farida Ariani , Khalida Syahputri , Khawarita Siregar
Published: December 2018

PT. XYZ was a company that has been producing many different type of a pipe, the PVC (Poly Vinyl Chlorida) pipe, the HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) pipe and the gutters pipe that used for clean water irrigation, the pipe installation of housing complex, the industrial waste disposal, for reservoirs and telecommunication. The process of making a pipe is often hampered on an extrusive engine because it used during 24 hours a day and the maintenance schedule of the machine has not been applied regularly. We need to do identification about the damages of exstrusive machine with a Total Productive Maintenance using the Overall Equipments Effectiveness (OEE) method. From the research, it can be seen that the set up time to an extrusive machine still took a long time and the production volume of the machine was still low. The effectiveness of the performance from extrusive machine also have not been able to achieve the OEE's standard that was 88 % .
Relationship modelling between moisture content of flour and variables of two-cycle drying process of cassava flourusing pneumatic dryer
Authors: Yus Witdarko , Philipus Betaubun , Jayadi
Published: December 2018

Moisturecontent (MC) is the most important variable in evaluating material drying performance, so the ability to predict MC in drying process is really important. This research aims to formulate the mathematic relationship between drying process variable pneumatically and moisture content of cassava flour in drying process 1 and 2 by applying dimensional analysis. In this research, there has been a design of pneumatic drying equipment and test using various treatments such as input capacity, drying air temperature, and drying air velocity. Based on the data analysis, the relationship between MC and drying process variables are as follow:

Drying cycle 1:

MC = (5,794287E − 22). (ρpr·Dpr3/Qi·θ)1,4085 (Tu/Tbo)-2,2504 (Vu·θ/Dpr)5,863

Drying cycle 2:

MC = (2,36831E − 10). (ρprDpr3/Qi·θ)1,059 (Tu/Tbo)-4.808 (Vu·θ/Dpr)3,709

The equations have determination coefficient value 0.85, so it has big possibility to use it as alternative to predict moisture content of dried flour.
The effect of dryer air temperature on fineness modulus and moisture content of cassava flour in pneumatic dryer process
Authors: Yus Witdarko , Yosehi Mekiuw , Ni Luh Sri Suryaningsih , Wahida
Published: December 2018

One of drying method applied in flour milling industry is pneumatic drying. Various kinds of variable both dried materials and drying process condition strongly influence the quality of drying result. Fineness Modulus (FM) and Water Rate are significant variables in defining the flour quality. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of dryer air temperature on FM and Moisture Content in pneumatic dryer process condition. Both variables have sufficiently big coefficient of determination value; therefore, it can be employed to predict well the fineness modulus and water rate of the flour.
Bio-drying Technology of Solid Waste to Reduce Greenhouse Gas
Authors: Zaman Badrus , Oktiawan Wiharyanto , Hadiwidodo Mochtar , Sutrisno Endro , Purwono
Published: December 2018

Bio-drying technology is a solid waste treatment with a decentralized system, in which solid waste will undergo biological-mechanical bioconversion. The heat generated from the aerobic decomposition process of organic compounds combined with excess air serves to drain solid waste. The bio-drying process will emit VOCs and other gases that potentially cause global warmings such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases. The research method used variation of airflow from 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 l/m. N2O gases were analyzed using Chromatography gas. The results showed that the bio-drying process was able to reduce the water content from 69% to 40% by the thirtieth day. N2O concentration difference between control (no aeration) and waste with bio-drying processing is 534.69 ppb and 175.48 ppb respectively at 1st day. N2O concentration are known when the bio drying process uses a 4 l / m discharge.
A Distribution of pH and Temperatures in Palopo Coastal Water, South Sulawesi
Authors: Hasrianti Hasrianti , Azis Nur Bambang , Maryono Maryono
Published: December 2018

The construction work in coastal and marine zones has an impact of environmental quality degradation. It causes an environmental pollution which has brought changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water environment. Temperature and pH as physical parameters can directly affect marine ecosystem conditions. This research aims to study the pH and temperature conditions and to simulate distributions of these components in Palopo seawater. Direct pH and temperature measurements are provided in eleven stations and implemented on December, 2017. Also, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Surfer 13 software are applied to analyze all obtained data. The results of pH and surface temperature measurements in the Palopo's coastal waters, it showed that surface pH values range from 6 to 6.5. This value is below the quality standards for sea water pH to marine biota around at pH7-8,5, while the surface temperature value is at around 31,5 - 33,3oC. This value has passed the sea water quality standard for marine biota at 28-30oC. A simulation mapping result indicates that the distribution of pH and surface temperature is affected by increased community activity in coastal waters.
Dispersion Model of Total Suspended Particulate from Tanjung Jati B Jepara Coal-Fired Power Plant’s Chimneys
Authors: Poerna S. Oetari , Sudharto P. Hadi , Haryono S. Huboyo
Published: December 2018

The study of dispersion model of total suspended particulate at Tanjung Jati B Jepara coal-fired power plants chimney. The chimney is using coal as the fuel with 4 (four) unit with 4 X 660 MW capacity. In 2016, the wind direction was dominant from east- southeast with 5, - 8.8 m/s speed,, and in 2017,, the wind direction was dominant to the southeast with 5,7-8.8m/s speed. The analysis of dispersion is using AEROMOD model. The result of the dispersion model of total suspended particulate in two years from all chimney is expanding with the maximum ground level consentration increasing from 11.4 μg/m3 to 19,5 μg/m3. The result of the dispersion is spreading till the residential area near the power plant.
Characterization Of Coal Acid Water In Void Pools Of Coal Mining In South Kalimantan
Authors: Kiswanto  , Susanto Heru , Sudarno
Published: December 2018

This study aims to determine the characteristics of acidic water derived from void coal mine by taking samples from voids located in South Kalimantan. Method used in this research was field work and laboratory work. The result of measurement of acid characterization of coal mine acid was analyzed to have the highest pH value of 4.01, the highest temperature was 33.9 oC, the highest Color was 3.01 NTU, the highest COD was 56.50 ppm, the highest BOD was 20,34 ppm , The highest DHL of 1 us, the highest TSS of 652.67 ppm, the highest Fe of 9.46 ppm, the highest Mn of 1.72 ppm and the Cd content is still below the defined standard of less than 0.01 ppm. Decree of the State Minister of Environment No. 113 of 2003 on Liquid Waste Quality Standards for Coal Mining.
Why it is often underestimated: Historical Study of Ammonia Gas Exposure Impacts towards Human Health
Authors: Diana Mutia Pratiwi , Roekmijati Widaningroem Soemantodjo , Suyud Warno Utomo
Published: December 2018

Ammonia is one of the major pollutants in the air that easily recognized with its pungent odor, and harmful when it exposed to the human. Exposure to the released ammonia gas potentially froze all the contacted tissue, and irritations to the skin, eyes, respiratory tract, and lungs. However, due to the lack of scientific belief of carcinogenic issues for human health, exposure to the ammonia often underestimated. This study will focus on analyzing the possibility of long-term impacts towards human based on the related case of accidental or non-accidental exposure of ammonia, from the causative factors, the concentration level of gas exposure, and its impact. This study uses a narrative review based on the record of cases, and questionnaire to the workers at urea fertilizer company X. From the study of the previous similar cases, it can be inferred that short-term exposure to ammonia is proven to irritate and burns to the moisture tissue and respiratory system that able to recover with immediate treatment. Long-term exposure of ammonia did not cause a specific carcinogenic disease, but in some cases can cause a permanent burn injury, unusual habit in breathe, and in special case can cause a brain related disease.
Efficacy of Insecticide Formulation of Organo Phosphate 5 Ec Mixture of Maltahion on Mosquito Aedes Aegypti
Authors: Edy Supriyo , Wisnu Broto , Isti Pujiastuti , Fahmi Arifan
Published: December 2018

Efficacy insecticide of organophosphate 5 EC formulation mixture of 20 % malathion and 10 % permentrin on mosquito Aedes aegypti was studied. The experiment use quatro of 25 individus of mosquitos during 24 hours observation to determinine their mortality after being sprayed with 1 gram of active ingredient in peet grady chamber. The result of the study revealed that 98 % mortality of mosquito Aedes aegypti during 3 minutes treatment and 100% mortality ini 4 minutesA concise and factual abstract is required.
Kinetics Of The Enzymatic Transesterification Of Tuna Oil Catalyzed By Immobilized Candida Rugose Lipase To Produce Structured Lipid High In Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Authors: Rizka Amalia , Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih , RTD Wisnu Broto , Mohamad Endy Yulianto , Hafizh Rama Devara , Dwi Yunita Indah Sari
Published: December 2018

Structured lipid containing Medium Chain of Fatty Acid (MCFA) at outer position and Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) at sn-2 position has nutritional value and excellent absorption. In this research, structured lipids was synthesized directly through enzymatic acidolysis between fish oil and lauric acid and catalyzed by specific lipase from immobilized 1.3 Candida rugose. The kinetics of enzymatic transesterification reactions catalyzed by immobilized Candida rugose was studied. To obtain the optimal condition, the factor substrate ratio of fish oil : lauric acid and reaction time were investigated. Simple mathematical model for DAG synthesis through transesterification mechanisms have been developed. The results showed that the parameters obtained had a good sensitivity. It was found that the kinetic model well describes the behavior of the reaction as the influence of the initial ratio of reactants.
The potential leaves extract of Piper methysticum (piperaceae) as botanical insecticide against Crocidolomia pavonana (f.) larvae mortality (lepidoptera:crambidae)
Authors: Johana A. Mendes , Nurhening Y. Ekowati , Diana S. Susanti , Jefri Sembiring , Andri Prasetia , Rosmala Widijastuti
Published: December 2018

The application of various agricultural technologies such as the using by fertilizers, pesticides, and clearing land will have resulted changes in the ecosystem. Using by insecticides can gived negative impact such as causing resistance, resurgensy and environmental pollution due to residues that can last a long time and are difficult to decompose, because it have compound among other carbon, chlorin, and hidrogen. Piper methysticum (Piperaceae) is one of plant which are used for medicine and social-cultural activitiy by Merauke community, Papua. Meanwhile, Crocidolomia pavonana (Lepidoptera:Crambidae) is one of major pest on the family Brassicaceae plants. The objective of this research was to effectiveness test for simple extract P. methysticum leaves as a botanical insecticide against C. pavonana larvae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The insecticide activities were assessed including mortality. Mortality tests using leaf wet method were seven concentrations (5 gr/100 ml, 10 gr/100 ml, 15 gr/100 ml, 20 gr/100 ml, 25 gr/100 ml, 30 gr /100 ml, 35 gr/ 100 ml) plus control. Each treatment was introduced ten C. pavonana instar 2nd larvaes and replicated five times. The results showed that extract P. methystichum leaves gave 22% mortality at 35 gr/100 ml water.
Study Amendment of Post-Field Classification of Illegal Gold in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Authors: Alfan eka suardana , Fuad Muhammad
Published: December 2018

Illegal mining activities in the kolaka regency of Southeast Sulawesi province is one of the mines whose location is in the conservation area of nature tourism park. Mining by means of dredging with an average depth of up to 15 meters and indiscriminate stockpiling after mining, using mercury chemicals (hg) so make the land damaged and unproductive, changes in the landscape and damage the physical properties of the soil that makes the soil pH becomes sour, so as to make soil quality low, dust texture increased and soil compaction that makes soil chemistry decreased, so can not support the growth of plants around the mine, the occurrence of heavy erosion and loss of top soil. the mining area reaches 50 hectares which damages the soil quality and removes vegetation around the area.
Evaluation of Waste Transportation Routes at Gayamsari and East Semarang Subdistrict
Authors: Irawan Wisnu Wardhana , Wiharyanto Oktiawan , Ganjar Samudro , Budi Prasetyo Samadikun , Dickie Perdana Mukti , Ferba Ramadhan Khanza
Published: December 2018

Gayamsari and East Semarang Subdistrict are two subdistricts in Semarang City which are located side by side. According to the policy of Semarang City development in 2011-2031, Gayamsari Subdistrict has a function as an environmental center development, while East Semarang Subdistrict has the main function as office, trade and service. Preliminary studies show that in these two subdistricts the resulting of waste generation in several locations of Temporary Disposal Sites can not all be transported to Jatibarang Final Disposal Site. The purpose of this research is to examine and evaluate the existing condition of waste transportation routes in Gayamsari and East Semarang Subdistrict. This research uses survey research method, using interview, observation, documentation, and routing. Analytical techniques used are quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis.The result of this research shows that in Gayamsari and East Semarang Subdistricts, the level of service of waste transportation has not been optimum since in some locations of the Temporary Disposal Site is still found waste container which is not enough to accommodate the waste and the route far enough to the final disposal place.
An Overview of The Fecal Waste Management City of Surabaya: Challenges and Opportunities to Improve Services
Authors: Zulfi Hadianto , Syafrudin Syafrudin , Sunarsih Sunarsih
Published: December 2018

The increasing number of residents in Surabaya City which has been continuously happening for the last 3 years has put pressure on environmental quality and sanitation. Each year in the coastal and riverbanks areas increased the domestic waste of the community resulting in decreased environmental quality. This study aims to review the management of stool waste in Surabaya City from 3 (three) aspects, namely: management aspect, social aspect of society and regulation aspect. The results of the demonstration to improve the management of stool waste in the city of Surabaya required a breakthrough in the service of stool waste management by implementing scheduled sludge service
Effect of Bio-activator Addition and Stirring on Biogas Production from Rice Husks and Cow Dung
Authors: Asiyanthi Tabran Lando , Abdul Nasser Arifin , Nurhayati
Published: December 2018

Indonesia as the world’s third-largest paddy producer generates abundant agricultural wastes. Approximately, 20% of those wastes obtained in the rice milling process are rice husks that have not been fully utilized. Rice husks contain cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative source of energy. In addition, an increase in the cattle population has increased the waste produced. Disposal of livestock manure, that has not been handled properly, has caused environmental pollution. The abundance of cow dung is an energy potential which is very beneficial for the community. Therefore, rice husk, cow dung, and bio-activator EM-4 were used as the main material in this study. The objectives of this study were to analyze the volume of biogas produced from (1) each composition of rice husk and cow dung, (2) addition of bio-activator EM-4, and (3) the amount of stirring in the digester. The ratio of rice husk and cow dung waste is 70%: 30% with a solid and water ratio of 10%: 90% and 20%:80%. The addition of EM-4 and stirring frequency is made with various composition aimed to accelerate the rate of increase in biogas, which can be used as alternative energy in society.
Generation and Proportion Assessment of Hospitals Infectious Waste in Bandung Region Indonesia
Authors: Novi Fitria , Enri Damanhuri , Indah Rachmatiah Siti Salami , Venny Ulya Bunga , Yati Supriatin
Published: December 2018

The accurate information about generation quantities of waste generated is a fundamental prerequisite for the successful implementation of any infectious waste management plan. The objectives of this study were to determine the quantity of generation rate and proportion of hospital infectious waste at Bandung region, Indonesia. The generation and proportion of infectious waste data were collected by using direct sampling method from 7 hospitals, which was completed for three days continuously in hospitals inpatient installation. Afterwards, average generation and proportion were determined in comparison to certain important organizational and functional factors, such as the number of beds, bed coverage, the value of infectious waste management and handling, accreditation status, waste handler status, ownership status, the different of type and the class of hospital. The way that source of infectious wastes, generated from hospitals, vary by functional factors, was also illustrated and the most important influenced factors were identified. Generated infectious hospital wastes vary from 0.22 to 1.26 kg/patient/day. Proportion infectious hospital wastes also vary from 8, 88% to 47, 37%..