bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the introduction of a cobot change the productivity and posture of the operators in a collaborative task?
Authors: Bouillet Kévin , Lemonnier Sophie , Clanche Fabien , Gauchard Gérome
Published: August 2023

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the main occupational diseases and are pathologies of multifactorial origin, with posture being one of them. This creates new human-robot collaboration situations that can modify operator behaviors and performance in their task. These changes raise questions about human-robot team performance and operator health. This study aims to understand the consequences of introducing a cobot on work performance, operator posture, and the quality of interactions. It also aims to evaluate the impact of two levels of difficulty in a dual task on these measures. For this purpose, thirty-four participants performed an assembly task in collaboration with a co-worker, either a human or a cobot with two articulated arms. In addition to this motor task, the participants had to perform an auditory task with two levels of difficulty (dual task). They were equipped with seventeen motion capture sensors. The collaborative work was filmed with a camera, and the actions of the participants and co-worker were coded based on the dichotomy of idle and activity. Interactions were coded based on time out, cooperation, and collaboration. The results showed that performance (number of products manufactured) was lower when the participant collaborated with a cobot rather than a human, with also less collaboration and activity time. However, RULA scores were lower—indicating a reduced risk of musculoskeletal disorders—during collaboration with a cobot compared to a human. Despite a decrease in production and a loss of fluidity, likely due to the characteristics of the cobot, working in collaboration with a cobot makes the task safer in terms of the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.
Interventions targeting children and young people’s physical activity behavior at home: A systematic review
Authors: Seims Amanda L. , Hall Jennifer , Bingham Daniel D. , Creaser Amy , Christoforou Anastasia , Barber Sally , Daly-Smith Andy
Published: August 2023

Background and purpose

Increased time at home during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly decreased children’s physical activity. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of children’s home-based physical activity interventions, and identify ‘active ingredients’ underpinning these.

Methods

Databases searched—AMED, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science, from inception until June 2022. Eligibility criteria–children aged 2–16 years, targeting home-based physical activity, a control group, and physical activity measured pre- and post- intervention. Studies were excluded if it was not possible to identify change in physical activity at home. The review was written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance. Study quality was evaluated using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Study design, intervention characteristics, outcome data, behavior change theory, Behavior Change Techniques (BCTs) and process evaluation data were extracted and discussed using narrative syntheses.

Results

13 studies (including 1,182 participants) from 25,967 were included. Interventions primarily involved active video games, with the addition of coaching or telehealth support (n = 5). Three of the 13 studies significantly increased children’s physical activity (1 = Moderate to vigorous physical activity, 2 = total volume, P<0.05). The largest effect size (d = 3.45) was for moderate to vigorous physical activity. 29% of BCTs were identified across included interventions; the most common being adding objects to the environment. The most effective intervention scored strong for design quality, incorporated telehealth coaching, and included the most commonly coded BCTs. Variation among studies and insufficient reporting of data made a meta-analysis unfeasible.

Conclusion

COVID-19 emphasized the importance of the home for physical activity. Whilst effectiveness of interventions was limited, building social support and self-efficacy are mechanisms that should be explored further. The review provides recommendations to improve the design and evaluation of future interventions.

Trial registration

Prospero registration number: CRD42020193110.
Validation study of case-identifying algorithms for severe hypoglycemia using hospital administrative data in Japan
Authors: Osaga Satoshi , Kimura Takeshi , Okumura Yasuyuki , Chin Rina , Imori Makoto , Minatoya Machiko
Published: August 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of algorithms for identifying cases of severe hypoglycemia in Japanese hospital administrative data.

Methods

This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study conducted at 3 acute-care hospitals in Japan. The study population included patients aged ≥18 years with diabetes who had an outpatient visit or hospital admission for possible hypoglycemia. Possible cases of severe hypoglycemia were identified using health insurance claims data and Diagnosis Procedure Combination data. Sixty-one algorithms using combinations of diagnostic codes and prescription of high concentration (≥20% mass/volume) injectable glucose were used to define severe hypoglycemia. Independent manual chart reviews by 2 physicians at each hospital were used as the reference standard. Algorithm validity was evaluated using standard performance metrics.

Results

In total, 336 possible cases of severe hypoglycemia were identified, and 260 were consecutively sampled for validation. The best performing algorithms included 6 algorithms that had sensitivity ≥0.75, and 6 algorithms that had positive predictive values ≥0.75 with sensitivity ≥0.30. The best-performing algorithm with sensitivity ≥0.75 included any diagnoses for possible hypoglycemia or prescription of high-concentration glucose but excluded suspected diagnoses (sensitivity: 0.986 [95% confidence interval 0.959–1.013]; positive predictive value: 0.345 [0.280–0.410]). Restricting the algorithm definition to those with both a diagnosis of possible hypoglycemia and a prescription of high-concentration glucose improved the performance of the algorithm to correctly classify cases as severe hypoglycemia but lowered sensitivity (sensitivity: 0.375 [0.263–0.487]; positive predictive value: 0.771 [0.632–0.911]).

Conclusion

The case-identifying algorithms in this study showed moderate positive predictive value and sensitivity for identification of severe hypoglycemia in Japanese healthcare data and can be employed by future pharmacoepidemiological studies using Japanese hospital administrative databases.
The Undeclared, Declassified: West New Guinea and the 1969 Act of Free Choice
Authors: Poulgrain Greg
Published: August 2023

This article deals with the ‘Act of Free Choice’ (AFC/Pepera) whereby Indonesia officially took control of West New Guinea under the auspices of the United Nations (UN).  The event itself took place in 1969 as preordained in the terms of the New York Agreement of August 1962 drawn up by US diplomat, Ellsworth Bunker. In both the 1962 Agreement and the 1969 AFC, Adam Malik was the principal Indonesian participant; and in both, according to his 1969 Report, the role of the UN was really no more than a bystander. Yet it was the authority of the UN which ultimately provided approval of Indonesian sovereignty as the outcome of the AFC. How this came about is evident from a close inspection of US declassified telegrams from 1966-1999. Two principal questions arise: the first pertains to the motivation of the various US diplomats involved, such as Bunker, Marshall Green (US Ambassador to Indonesia 1965-69) and Henry Kissinger, who were linked to Rockefeller mining interests focused on gaining access to the world’s largest gold mine in West New Guinea; and the second pertains to the rights of the Papuan people as the inhabitants of the territory in question. In the written words and opinions of the persons who were actually involved in the preparation and execution of the AFC/Pepera, there is often no compunction in disregarding UN principles, and yet there is a willingness, when it suits, to utilize UN authority as the arbiter of international justice.
Colorado Challenge: The Court Battel for the Prescribing of Soft Contact Lenses, The Use of the Tonometer and the Diagnosis of Glaucoma
Authors: Pederson Jerry R. , Fair Ron G. , Solomon Ronald D.
Published: August 2023

There have been many challenges to the profession of optometry at both the state and federal level during its 110 years of legalized existence. These challenges have involved the passage of the original state practice acts, clarification of the original optometry laws, passage of state board rules and regulations and efforts to eliminate commercialism. This was followed by the expansion of state optometry practice acts authorizing the use of diagnostic drugs, therapeutic drugs or other clinical procedures. Additional challenges have been federal in nature and therefore broader in scope but still of great importance for the profession. Colorado is unique in that the Colorado Optometric Association (COA) defended optometry’s right to use the tonometer and fit soft contact lenses in a lawsuit that had national implications.
Book Review: The Spectacle Makers (1629-1929): The First 300 Years in Minutes
Authors: Goss David A.
Published: August 2023

The Spectacle Makers (1629-1929): The first 300 years in Minutes. Colin Eldridge. Alderholt, United Kingdom: the author, 2019. ISBN-13: 978-1-5272-4537-2. 351 pages. Paperback, $44.99.
Building Democracy for All OER Ebook: A Design Case
Authors: Trust Torrey , Maloy Robert , Yurchenkov Viacheslav
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we discuss the design and development of an eBook titled Building Democracy for All: Interactive Explorations of Government and Civic Life, which serves as an open educational resource for the eighth-grade Massachusetts social studies curriculum standards. This design case offers an example of an interactive, student-centered, multimodal, multicultural open-access eBook.
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE “AVTOVAZ” ORGANIZATION DURING THE DOWNTURN OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, LYALKOVA EVGENIYA , PARNYSHKOV GERMAN ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

In this work, the activity of the «AvtoVAZ» enterprise over the past few years has been studied, the factors that influenced the changes in the financial and production activity of the enterprise have been identified. An analysis of the production growth rate was also carried out, which allows us to assess the degree of damage that occurred at the enterprise in connection with the sanctions imposed on our country.
THE PROBLEM OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors:   A. A. Kadyrov Chechen State University, MAGOMADOV EMIN , TAGIROV RASAMBEK ,   A. A. Kadyrov Chechen State University
Published: August 2023

his article is devoted to the study of unemployment in Russia. The article examines the theoretical foundations of unemployment, as well as an analysis, identifies the problems of unemployment, and finally develops a strategy to reduce unemployment in the country. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that unemployment is increasing every year, it also relates to macroeconomic problems, i. e. the consequences of unemployment for any state have a strong impact on the economy. The article deals with the problems of the fact that today the term “unemployed” is widely used to denote disunity and social isolation, as well as high unemployment among young people. In times of economic downturn, young people suffer because of their often precarious position in the labor market, which is explained by their lack of skills and experience. That is why it is impossible to ignore the costs associated with managing the economic and social consequences of youth inactivity for the state budget.
NON-STANDARD APPROACHES TO CLIMATE SYSTEMS ORGANIZATION IN DATA PROCESSING CENTERS
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Berezniki Branch, Berezniki, Russia, Zatonskiy A.V. , Plekhov P.V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Berezniki Branch, Berezniki, Russia, Zakharov V.V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Khristolyubov N.N. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Berezniki Branch, Berezniki, Russia
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to comparison of air conditioning systems in a data processing center, taking into account peculiarities of its location, in Perm Krai, RF. It is established that the use of more expensive, but modern, hybrid air conditioning system is economically feasible in this region. Purpose of work. The aim of the work is to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of different air cooling systems from an economic point of view, under the conditions of the location of the facility in the Perm region. Materials and methods. Two cooling systems are compared. The first cooling system is based on a direct supply of cold air. This system has restrictions on the temperature of application, it can only be used at ambient temperatures lower than the temperature of the cooled room, about 20 °С. Current costs in the form of consumed electricity to cool the room in this case will be less. The second, classic air conditioning system. In which cooling occurs due to boiling of freon in evaporator and the following compression by compressor and transitions to liquid phase in condenser. There are different variations of this system for almost any climate zone. Running costs (electricity) caused by operation of this system are higher. But the initial costs are less, since this system costs less. The task is to determine whether there will be a positive economic effect from the introduction of a system with direct cold air supply. The research is done with the help of theoretical methods. For this purpose, data on the air temperature in the city of Perm for 2021 by day and hour were taken. The results of the study. Determined how many days and hours, can work one or the other system. Classical air conditioning or a hybrid system, with the possibility of direct supply of cooled air. Calculated the cost of electricity when working in the first and second modes. Determined the number of necessary climate control equipment, taking into account its redundancy under the scheme N+1. Approximate costs for the implementation of the systems have been determined. Discussion and conclusion. It was found that the cost of introducing a more expensive hybrid system with the support of direct chilled air, compared with the classical air conditioning system will pay off in a few years. Significant advantages of such systems are also identified. Longer service life due to less use of the compressor in the refrigeration system.
IDENTIFICATION OF LIFE SATISFACTION FACTORS IN THE CONTEXT OF MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Gilev D.V. , Loginovskiy O.V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Published: August 2023

The article examines the factors, both external and internal, that contribute to the well-being of citizens. The studied review shows that life satisfaction is assessed differently by everyone, but is measured depending, for example, on life experience, economic status, place of residence, education, and more. Life satisfaction is not a biological phenomenon and depends on various factors that may change over time. The purpose of the work. The purpose of this work is to study the factors of life satisfaction. As the main hypothesis, the assumption is put forward that the number of households satisfied with their lives directly depends on the place of residence. Two more hypotheses have also, been put forward that satisfied households have the best living conditions than those who are not satisfied and do not necessarily have a high monetary income. Materials and methods. This research is carried out using such methods as descriptive statistics and data visualization, construction and analysis of logit and probit models, cluster data analysis and random forest algorithm. All the methods used show high efficiency. The final sample of data after the elimination of outliers was 30177 observations. The work uses panel data at the household level of RLMS-HSE, which allows taking into account the heterogeneity of households and significantly expands the possibilities for analysis. The results of the study. The results of the study fully confirm the main hypothesis and partially confirm the rest of the hypotheses put forward, and on their basis, possible recommendations for increasing the level of life satisfaction have been developed. Discussion and conclusion. The obtained results of this study can serve as practical tools for authorities to improve the quality of life in a particular region, as well as solving issues in the investment activities of the regions, but most importantly, they will help enterprises with a social orientation to correctly formulate the goals of their activities and adjust the efficiency assessment.
The Risk of Natural Catastrophe in Early America: Perspectives from the Phoenix Assurance Company London and Nascent US Insurers
Authors: Engel Elisabeth
Published: August 2023

This paper surveys insurance policies and proposals by companies that operated in the decades around 1800 in different regions of the North American continent. Our survey serves to compose a landscape of environmental risks that early insurers registered. This line of inquiry merits special attention for records of the Phoenix Assurance Company London, which include a unique documentation of natural hazards shaped by the risk inspection tour of the British insurance expert Jenkin Jones. We attempt to offer a long-term view on those natural catastrophes and disaster-prone regions that hold a prominent place in American memory since the late nineteenth century.
Random dynamics on real and complex projective surfaces
Authors: Cantat Serge , Dujardin Romain
Published: August 2023

We initiate the study of random iteration of automorphisms of real and complex projective surfaces, as well as compact Kähler surfaces, focusing on the classification of stationary measures.
We show that, in a number of cases, such stationary measures are invariant and provide criteria for uniqueness, smoothness and rigidity of invariant probability measures.
This involves a variety of tools from complex and algebraic geometry, random products of matrices, non-uniform hyperbolicity, as well as recent results of Brown and Rodriguez Hertz on random iteration of surface diffeomorphisms.
Evolution of microstructure and properties of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy fabricated by selective laser melting
Authors: Wang Zhenhui , Ji Pengcheng , Wang Gang , Jia Yandong , Wang Hui , An Xuguang
Published: August 2023

CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy was prepared by selective laser melting as a function of processing parameters by adopting the single factor variable method. The influence of process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated in detail. The results show that the alloy maintained a single-phase fcc structure, the microstructure is anisotropic and shows the presence of a high density of dislocations accumulated and entangled inside the grains. The ductility has a significant influence on the level of porosity, which in turn depends on the process parameters. Especially with the variation of hatch spacing, the elongation at break differs by at most 20.9 %.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-(μ
2-1,3-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propane-κ
2
N:N′)-bis(μ
2-5-carboxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylato-O,O′:O″)-aqua-di-zinc dihydrate solvate], C27H28N4O16Zn2
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Jia-Xin , Huang Pei-Pei , Wu Ting-Ting , Gao Jia-Hao , Lu Jiu-Fu
Published: August 2023

C27H28N4O16Zn2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.0720(3) Å, b = 15.7589(5) Å, c = 15.7589(5) Å, β = 95.373(3)°, V = 3062.48(18) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0499, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1059, T = 294 K.
Not another paper on Lefkandi and Eretria! A communo-centric approach to the creation of collective identities in Lefkandi and Eretria
Authors: Giamakis Christos
Published: August 2023

The aim of the present paper is to explore the role monuments and monumentality play in the creation of collective identities in early Greece by focusing on two case studies, Lefkandi and Eretria. Equal emphasis will be given to the study of both the burials and the buildings that were subsequently created in honour of the deceased, transforming both sites from individual monuments to collective ones. People’s perceptions of the monuments changed over time affecting their monumentality hence influencing the emergence of collective identities centred around the Toumba cemetery and the West Gate cemetery at Lefkandi and Eretria respectively.
Improving the performance of artificial neural networks trained on synthetic data in gas spectroscopy – a study on two sensing approaches
Authors: Goldschmidt Jens , Moser Elisabeth , Nitzsche Leonard , Bierl Rudolf , Wöllenstein Jürgen
Published: August 2023

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used in quantitative infrared gas spectroscopy to predict concentrations on multi-component absorption spectra. Training of ANNs requires vast amounts of labelled training data which may be elaborate and time consuming to obtain. Additional data can be gained by the utilization of synthetically generated spectra, but at the cost of systematic deviations to measured data. Here, we present two approaches to train ANNs with a combination of comparatively small, measured data sets and synthetically generated data. For the first approach a neural network is trained hybridly with synthetically generated infrared absorption spectra of mixtures of N2O and CO and measured zero-gas spectra, taken with a mid-infrared dual comb spectrometer. This improves the mean absolute error (MAE) of the network predictions from 0.46 to 0.01 ppmV and 0.24 to 0.01 ppmV for the concentration predictions of N2O and CO respectively for zero-gas measurements which was previously observed for training with purely synthetic data. At the same time a similar performance on spectra from gas mixtures of 0–100 ppmV N2O and 0 to 60 ppmV CO was achieved. For the second approach an ANN pre-trained on synthetic infrared spectra of mixtures of acetone and ethanol is retrained on a small dataset consisting of 26 spectra taken with a mid-infrared photoacoustic spectrometer. In this case the MAE for the concentration predictions of ethanol and acetone are improved by 45 % and 20 % in comparison to purely synthetic training. This shows the capability of using synthetically generated data to train ANNs in combination with small amounts of measured data to further improve neural networks for gas sensing and the transferability between different sensing approaches.
Effect of Sports Participation on Social Development in Children Ages 6-14
Authors: Chowdhury Joy
Published: August 2023

Sports have been proven to help promote physical health and prevent rising conditions such as obesity in children. However, not much is known about the social development that is associated with exposure to sports from an early age. Understanding the relationship between sports and social health can help determine measures to promote prosocial behaviour. The databases that were used in this review include Web of Science, OVID Medline(R), and Pubmed. After the inclusion and exclusion process, we were left with 24 studies to review. The results indicate that children that engage in sports are more likely to be confident and demonstrate higher degrees of assertiveness. Furthermore, studies show that children engaging in both team and individual sports show higher degrees of academic and social competence. Children that engage in sports from an early age tend to show more respect towards authority. According to the social learning theory, through imitation, children can learn social norms such as fair play, healthy competition, and the values of collaboration. Children not engaging in sports are more likely to display depressive symptoms that may inhibit them from engaging socially with their environment. Moreover, social anxiety is more common in those that do not participate in sports since exercise is a known anxiolytic due to its properties of releasing endorphins and reducing the body’s stress hormones. The results suggest that more opportunities should be made for children to engage in sports, not only for physical development, but also for social development.
‘Idols’ in late prehistoric Iberia
Authors: Díaz-Guardamino Marta
Published: August 2023

These two handsome volumes stem from the landmark exhibition ‘Idolos: Miradas Milenarias/Ídolos: Olhares Milenares’ (Idols: Millenary Gazes), which assembled an impressive collection of figurines and decorated artefacts from Neolithic and Copper Age Iberia. A total of 270 archaeological artefacts from 27 museums (plus one private collector) were displayed together for the first time, with the aim of bringing current understanding of these artefacts and the communities that made and used them to the general public (statistics can be found here: https://www.museunacionalarqueologia.gov.pt/?p=8813). The exhibition was an ambitious project and initially sparked by conversations between Jorge Soler, Head of Exhibitions at the Archaeological Museum of Alicante (MARQ) and Enrique Baquedano, Director of the Regional Archaeological Museum of Madrid (MAR)—both award-winning museums—and later joined by Primitiva Bueno, Professor at the University of Alcalá de Henares, a leading expert in late prehistoric art in Iberia and António Carvalho, Director of the National Museum of Archaeology of Portugal (NMA). The international exhibition travelled between Alicante (January to July 2020), Madrid (July 2020 to January 2021) and Lisbon (April to October 2021) and was well attended despite subsequent COVID-19 lockdowns (e.g. the exhibition at the MARQ had 29 000 in-person and 60 000 virtual visitors). If you did not have the chance to visit the exhibition, you can still take the NMA virtual tour here: https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=vd8nAmTpg85&play=1&title=1&ts=3&help=0, or here: https://mpembed.com/show/?m=r1G1HjKBeDT.
Individual Muscle Contributions to the Acceleration of the Center of Mass During the Barbell Back Squat in Trained Female Subjects
Authors: Goodman William W. , Helms Eric , Graham David F.
Published: August 2023

Goodman, WW, Helms, E, and Graham, DF. Individual muscle contributions to the acceleration of the center of mass during the barbell back squat in trained female subjects. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 1947–1954, 2023—The squat is used to enhance performance and rehabilitate the lower body. However, muscle forces and how muscles accelerate the center of mass (CoM) are not well understood. The purpose was to determine how lower extremity muscles contribute to the vertical acceleration of the CoM when squatting to parallel using 85% one-repetition maximum. Thirteen female subjects performed squats in a randomized fashion. Musculoskeletal modeling was used to obtain muscle forces and muscle-induced accelerations. The vasti, soleus, and gluteus maximus generated the largest upward accelerations of the CoM, whereas the muscles that produced the largest downward acceleration about the CoM were the hamstrings, iliopsoas, adductors, and tibialis anterior. Our findings indicate that a muscle's function is task and posture specific. That is, muscle function depends on both joint position and how an individual is interacting with the environment.
Benevolent God Concepts and Past Kind Behaviors Induce Generosity Toward Outgroups
Authors: Lee Young-eun , Payir Ayse , Heiphetz Larisa
Published: August 2023

Humans behave more prosocially toward ingroup (vs. outgroup) members. This preregistered research examined the influence of God concepts and memories of past behavior on prosociality toward outgroups. In Study 1 (n = 573), participants recalled their past kind or mean behavior (between-subjects) directed toward an outgroup. Subsequently, they completed a questionnaire assessing their views of God. Our dependent measure was the number of lottery entries given to another outgroup member. Participants who recalled their kind (vs. mean) behavior perceived God as more benevolent, which in turn predicted more generous allocation to the outgroup (vs. ingroup). Study 2 (n = 281) examined the causal relation by manipulating God concepts (benevolent vs. punitive). We found that not only recalling kind behaviors but perceiving God as benevolent increased outgroup generosity. The current research extends work on morality, religion, and intergroup relations by showing that benevolent God concepts and memories of past kind behaviors jointly increase outgroup generosity.
The Effect of Psychological Distance on the Experience of Joy Versus Pride
Authors: Bornstein Oren , Moran Tal , Simchon Almog , Eyal Tal
Published: August 2023

Despite the importance of positive emotions, little empirical attention has been given to factors that influence their intensity. We explored the influence of psychological distance on the experience of joy and pride. We suggest that pride involves a relatively more distant perspective than joy, and therefore, a psychologically distant perspective will lead to a less intense experience of joy than of pride. In Experiments 1a and 1b, using the Implicit Association Test, we found joy was associated with psychological proximity, whereas pride was associated with psychological distance. We then manipulated psychological distance through black-and-white versus color imagery (Experiment 2), and a third-versus first-person perspective (Experiment 3). We found that psychological distance consistently decreased the intensity of joy, whereas for pride, we found a smaller effect (Experiment 2) or no effect at all (Experiment 3). These findings suggest that psychological distance plays a different role in the regulation of joy and pride.
First experiments with carbon black pigment dispersion acting as a Janus ultrasound contrast agent
Authors: Jordaan Jean de Bruin , Nixon Ken J. , Carlson Craig S. , Postema Michiel
Published: August 2023

Background: Theranostic ultrasound contrast agents comprise a therapeutic component whose controlled release is triggered by an ultrasound pulse. However, once the therapeutic component has been released from an ultrasound contrast agent microbubble, its intended uptake cannot be monitored, as its acoustically active host has been destroyed. Acoustic Janus particles, whose hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties depend on the external acoustic regime, are of potential use as contrast agents and drug-delivery tracers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that submicron particles with Janus properties may act as ultrasound contrast agents whose hydrophobicity changes over time.

Methods: Fifty samples of carbon black were subjected to 5-minute sonication with pulses with a center frequency of 10 MHz and a 1% duty cycle, after which the optical absorption coefficients were measured in n-octanol and water. These coefficients were compared with those of unsonicated samples.

Results: Our preliminary results show that the difference between the linear absorption coefficients of sonicated and unsonicated samples was Δα = 80 ± 13 m−1 immediately after sonication, indicating that the carbon black particles were less hydrophobic after sonication than prior to it. Forty-eight hours after sonication, the difference in linear optical absorption coefficients had lessened to Δα = 16 ± 9 m−1, indicating that the carbon black particles had become more hydrophobic over time, but not equal to the hydrophobicity situation prior to sonication.

Conclusion: The experiments confirmed that submicron carbon black particles have acoustic Janus properties.
EEG Phase Can Be Predicted with Similar Accuracy across Cognitive States after Accounting for Power and Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Authors: Kim Brian , Erickson Brian A. , Fernandez-Nunez Guadalupe , Rich Ryan , Mentzelopoulos Georgios , Vitale Flavia , Medaglia John D.
Published: August 2023

EEG phase is increasingly used in cognitive neuroscience, brain–computer interfaces, and closed-loop stimulation devices. However, it is unknown how accurate EEG phase prediction is across cognitive states. We determined the EEG phase prediction accuracy of parieto-occipital alpha waves across rest and task states in 484 participants over 11 public datasets. We were able to track EEG phase accurately across various cognitive conditions and datasets, especially during periods of high instantaneous alpha power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Although resting states generally have higher accuracies than task states, absolute accuracy differences were small, with most of these differences attributable to EEG power and SNR. These results suggest that experiments and technologies using EEG phase should focus more on minimizing external noise and waiting for periods of high power rather than inducing a particular cognitive state.
Cortical Brain Injury Causes Retrograde Degeneration of Afferent Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons via the p75NTR
Authors: Dasgupta Srestha , Montroull Laura E. , Pandya Mansi A. , Zanin Juan P. , Wang Wei , Wu Zhuhao , Friedman Wilma J.
Published: August 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits neuronal loss at the site of injury and progressive neuronal loss in the penumbra. However, the consequences of TBI on afferent neurons projecting to the injured tissue from distal locations is unknown. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) extend long projections to multiple brain regions including the cortex, regulate many cognitive functions, and are compromised in numerous neurodegenerative disorders. To determine the consequence of cortical injury on these afferent neurons, we used the fluid percussion injury model of traumatic brain injury and assessed the effects on BFCN survival and axon integrity in male and female mice. Survival or death of BF neurons can be regulated by neurotrophins or proneurotrophins, respectively. The injury elicited an induction of proNGF and proBDNF in the cortex and a loss of BFCNs ipsilateral to the injury compared with sham uninjured mice. The p75NTR knock-out mice did not show loss of BFCN neurons, indicating a retrograde degenerative effect of the cortical injury on the afferent BFCNs mediated through p75NTR. In contrast, locus ceruleus neurons, which also project throughout the cortex, were unaffected by the injury, suggesting specificity in retrograde degeneration after cortical TBI. Proneurotrophins (proNTs) provided directly to basal forebrain axons in microfluidic cultures triggered retrograde axonal degeneration and cell death, which did not occur in the absence of p75NTR. This study shows that after traumatic brain injury, proNTs induced in the injured cortex promote BFCN axonal degeneration and retrograde neuron loss through p75NTR.
California Unbound
Authors: Madley Benjamin , Melillo Edward D.
Published: August 2023

An enduring focus on African American chattel slavery, the U.S. Civil War, and sharecropping in the South has failed to collectively address the varieties of unfree labor and their abolitions in the trans-Mississippi western United States. By exploring systems of servitude and their termination in California and the wider Pacific World, this essay reframes the Age of Abolition. It describes the rise and fall of labor regimes that bound California Indians, African Americans, Chileans, and Chinese women. Citing Chinese-, English-, and Spanish-language sources from a variety of archives and libraries, this article expands the chronology, geography, and actors of the Age of Abolition. Finally, it suggests trajectories for rethinking this momentous transition from Pacific World and western U.S. vantage points to suggest the need for a global history of abolition.
Mechanisms and physiological function of daily haemoglobin oxidation rhythms in red blood cells
Authors: Beale Andrew D , Hayter Edward A , Crosby Priya , Valekunja Utham K , Edgar Rachel S , Chesham Johanna E , Maywood Elizabeth S , Labeed Fatima H , Reddy Akhilesh B , Wright Kenneth P , Lilley Kathryn S , Bechtold David A , Hastings Michael H , O'Neill John S
Published: August 2023

Cellular circadian rhythms confer temporal organisation upon physiology that is fundamental to human health. Rhythms are present in red blood cells (RBCs), the most abundant cell type in the body, but their physiological function is poorly understood. Here, we present a novel biochemical assay for haemoglobin (Hb) oxidation status which relies on a redox‐sensitive covalent haem‐Hb linkage that forms during SDS‐mediated cell lysis. Formation of this linkage is lowest when ferrous Hb is oxidised, in the form of ferric metHb. Daily haemoglobin oxidation rhythms are observed in mouse and human RBCs cultured in vitro, or taken from humans in vivo, and are unaffected by mutations that affect circadian rhythms in nucleated cells. These rhythms correlate with daily rhythms in core body temperature, with temperature lowest when metHb levels are highest. Raising metHb levels with dietary sodium nitrite can further decrease daytime core body temperature in mice via nitric oxide (NO) signalling. These results extend our molecular understanding of RBC circadian rhythms and suggest they contribute to the regulation of body temperature.
ARABIC DAIRY CAPTION PROJECT: REACTUALISATION OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING FOR INSTAGRAM-BASED ARABIC WRITING SKILLS
Authors: Alfalah Adib , Sopian Asep , Nursyamsiah Nunung , Susanto Ashabul Kahfi
Published: August 2023

Penerapan model dan media pembelajaran menulis bahasa Arab yang terbilang klasik dan tradisional membuat pembelajaran kurang optimal dan terkesan membosankan. Sementara perkembangan era digital abad 21 saat ini mengharuskan bagi guru bahasa Arab untuk lebih inovatif dan kreatif dalam memilih model pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan tumbuh kembang peserta didik sebagai generasi digital. Penelitian ini membahas tentang konsep “Arabic Dairy Caption Project” sebagai reaktualisasi model Project Based Learning dalam keterampilan menulis dengan memanfaatkan media sosial Instagram. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi literatur melalui buku, jurnal dan hasil penelitian terdahulu yang relevan dengan penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reaktualisasi perpaduan antara Project Based Learning dan media kontemporer instagram sangat dibutuhkan untuk diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran menulis bahasa Arab. Dengan menggunakan Instagram, memberikan kesempatan kepada guru untuk mengelola pembelajaran dikelas maupun diluar kelas dengan sebuah proyek yang interaktif. Pembelajaran berbasis proyek mampu memotivasi peserta didik lebih aktif, kooperatif dan kreatif dalam keterampilan menulis bahasa Arab.
E-KAMUS TEMATIK AJURUMIYAH : MODERNISASI KITAB TRADISIONAL UNTUK SANTRI MILENIAL
Authors: Amalia Dwi Rizki , Ahmad Hasyim Mohamad Yusuf , Amrullah Nafis Azmi
Published: August 2023

This research is motivated by the difficulties of students in understanding the Ajurumiyah book, which is caused by ignorance of the meaning of the vocabulary or terms described in the Jurumiyah book. The limited time in teaching and learning activities at Madrasah Diniyah also affects the level of student's understanding, so the development of an e-dictionary based on an android application is needed to improve the understanding and learning motivation of millennial students. Therefore, the researcher offers a solution by developing a thematic e-dictionary for the vocabulary of the Ajurumiyah book for students of Madrasah Diniyah with the ADDIE model of R&D research design. This research shows that the needs for development of Ajurumiyah book are form of an application with an attractive design. This e-dictionary can be run on smartphones with the Android operating system without using an internet connection. the validation analysis by Expert and teacher about the product shows that this e-dictionary product is good and worth to use, with score 84.2.
MUNAROH: PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA KOSAKATA BAHASA ARAB DENGAN APLIKASI ISPRING SUITE PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Rahmawati Monica , Zukhaira Zukhaira , Busri Hasan
Published: August 2023

This research is motivated by conditions in the field that lack of learning media, especially for the introduction of Arabic vocabulary for kindergarten / RA children. So far, teachers have only used picture cards and singing as media, but the implementation has not been maximized because the media is not dynamic enough to see the development of technology which is very fast now.

The problems studied in this study are (1) how to analyze teacher needs for the MUNAROH (Mufrodat Anak Raudhotul Athfal) Multimedia Arabic Vocabulary Media with the iSpring Suite Application for Kindergarten/RA Children in Semarang, (2) how is the prototype of MUNAROH, and (3) how is expert validation and revision of the MUNAROH (Mufrodat Anak Raudhotul Athfal) media prototype. The type of this research is qualitative and quantitative research (mixed method) with a research and development design(RnD).

The results of this study, first the teachers want MUNAROH media for TK/RA children group B. Second, the prototype of MUNAROH (Mufrodat Anak Roudhatul Athfal) is media in the form of educational games designed with a PC application display to make it easier for Kindergarten/RA teachers teach the introduction of Arabic to children in this all-digital pandemic era. Third, the results of expert validation include (1) aspects of the feasibility of content and material, (2) aspects of display, (3) aspects of software engineering, (4) aspects of communication, (5) aspects of audio and, (6) visual aspects. The result of obtaining the average overall score is 335.875. So, this learning method is declared feasible with a good predicate. Then, it can be concluded that the learning media “MUNAROH” is suitable to use.
The Effect of Assertiveness-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on Women’s Orgasm: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Chizary Mina , Seyyedzadeh Aghdam Nafiseh , Ranjbaran Mehdi
Published: August 2023

Objectives: Sexual dysfunction is a major health problem and orgasmic dysfunction is one of the common sexual complaints reported by women. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sexual assertiveness-focused cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) on women’s orgasm. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 24 women with secondary anorgasmia referring to health centers in Tehran, Iran. After randomly assigning the participants to one of two groups of intervention (n=12) and control (n=12), an eight-session CBGT with the emphasis on sexual assertiveness training was administered to the intervention group. The primary outcomes were sexual assertiveness and the orgasm score of the participant. Sexual desire, sexual arousal, lubrication, sexual satisfaction, and pain were considered as secondary outcomes. Finally, the female sexual function index (FSFI) and the Hurlbert index of sexual assertiveness questionnaires were used for data gathering. Results: After CBGT implementation, there was a significant difference between the intervention (5.33±0.62) and control (2.47±0.76) groups in the mean score of orgasm (P<0.001). In addition, the mean score of sexual assertiveness (P<0.001) and all other domains of FSFI (P<0.001) significantly increased after CBGT. Conclusions: Sexual assertiveness-focused CBGT was effective in the treatment of secondary anorgasmia and increased their sexual function. To prevent marital conflicts, establishing counseling clinics in health centers can be established by authorities in order to correct ineffective sexual beliefs and self-assertiveness in the country.
PEDRO JALOPA ("ca." 1386/1391-1443): NUEVOS HITOS DE UNA TRAYECTORIA EXTRAORDINARIA
Authors: Ibáñez Fernández Javier
Published: August 2023

Las investigaciones desarrolladas de un tiempo a esta parte han permitido adjudicar a Pedro Jalopa un papel de primer orden en el fenómeno de renovación que habrá de experimentar la arquitectura Gótica peninsular a partir de los últimos años del siglo XIV y los primeros compases de la centuria siguiente. Ahora, nuevos documentos de archivo, la cuidadosa revisión de otros ya conocidos, y en última instancia, la información aportada por algunas de las fábricas en las que intervino, permiten arrojar algo más de luz tanto sobre su azarosa trayectoria vital como sobre su propio perfil profesional.
Determination of some physical and mechanical properties of parallel-strand lumber manufactured with bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides)
Authors: Çavuş Vedat , Ersin İbrahim
Published: August 2023

Parallel-strand lumber was manufactured with bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusodies). A polyol compound was added to modify the adhesive (pMDI). Bamboo culms were used to manufacture strands 3 mm thick, 19 mm wide, and 65 cm long. Adhesive was applied to the strands at 200 g/m2 with pressing at 110 °C, 15 kg/cm2, and 30 min. Panels were made with width 600 mm, length 600 mm, and thickness 20 mm. Some physical properties (oven-dry density, air-dry density, moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption percentage) and mechanical properties (bending resistance, modulus of elasticity, impact resistance, screw-holding capacity in tangential, radial, and transverse directions) of parallel-strand lumber for both adhesive types were determined. Both resin types improved some physical and mechanical properties of parallel-strand lumber. Additionally, the modulus of rupture and flexural modulus of elasticity of the test specimens using pMDI+5%MP adhesive were higher than those of the test specimens using pMDI. The average screw-holding capacity values of the test specimens were affected by the fiber aspect of the specimens rather than the adhesive type. Parallel-strand lumber produced from both pMDI and pMDI+5%MP adhesives can be used in structural applications, especially in places exposed to the disturbing effects of weather.
Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and phytochemical activities of Rhus coriaria L. and its phenolic compounds and volatile component analyses
Authors: Öz Mehmet , Baltacı Cemalettin , Fidan Muhammed Said , Karataş Şeyda Merve
Published: August 2023

Volatile oil analysis, phenolic constituents, antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity, vitamin C, and enzyme activities of the fruits of Rhus coriaria L. were studied. The chemical with the highest percentage was sesquiterpene hydrocarbons with 40.4%. The major compound was detected as caryophyllene (36.9%). The main phenolic constituents of fruit samples were gallic acid, syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. The highest phenolic constituents of fruits were gallic acid. Ferric (III) ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) capacity (14.9 mg FeSO4 eq./g), free radical scavenging (ABTS) capacity (68.8 mg AA eq./g), ABTS % inhibition rate (98.0%), free radical scavenging (DPPH) (53.1 mg AA eq./g), and DPPH % inhibition (79.6%) amounts were determined in antioxidant capacities of the samples. The bioactive component contents of the samples were total antioxidant amounts (TAC) (32.8 mg GA/g), total flavonoid substance amounts (TFC) (73.8 mg QE eq./g), and total phenolic substance amounts (TPC) (41.4 mg GA eq./g). The results of the antimicrobial activity analysis of R. coriaria fruit samples showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes microorganisms. The amount of vitamin C and enzyme inhibitor activity in the fruits of R. coriaria were determined as 35.5 mg/100 g and 0.07 mg/mL, respectively.