bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatigue-Based Structural Layer Coefficient of High Polymer-Modified Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Habbouche Jhony , Hajj Elie Y. , Sebaaly Peter E. , Hand Adam J.
Published: February 2020

Florida Department of Transportation uses the 1993 AASHTO guide to conduct new and rehabilitation designs for all the state’s flexible pavements. Based on previous experience, a structural layer coefficient of 0.44 was found to be well representative of the department’s conventional polymer-modified (PMA) asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures. If the positive impact of the polymer on the layer is assumed to be maintained at higher contents, then the use of high polymer-modified (HP) asphalt binder may lead to a higher AC structural layer coefficient and a reduced AC layer thickness for the same design traffic and serviceability design loss. The objective of this paper was to determine a fatigue-based structural layer coefficient for asphalt mixtures that contain HP binder using comprehensive mechanistic analyses. This approach relied on combining measured engineering properties and performance characteristics of AC mixtures with advanced flexible pavement modeling (3D-Move). A total of eight PMA and eight HP AC mixtures were designed and evaluated in the laboratory. Overall, the HP AC mixtures showed similar or lower dynamic modulus and better fatigue performance models when compared with those of their respective PMA AC mixtures. However, the fatigue-based structural layer coefficients, determined via mechanistic analysis using the service life approach, ranged between 0.33 (lower than 0.44) and 1.32 (greater than 0.44). Using advanced statistical analyses, a fatigue-based structural layer coefficient of 0.54 was determined for HP AC mixtures. This coefficient should still be verified for other modes of distress.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Place Attachment for Community-Dwelling Older Adults Scale
Authors: Cheng Shun-Ping , Tsai Tzu-I , Chen I-Ju
Published: February 2020

This study developed the Place Attachment for Community-Dwelling Older Adults (PACOA) scale and evaluated its psychometric properties. The PACOA was developed through a qualitative study and expert panels. A pilot study confirmed the 19-item PACOA which included five factors (meaning of life, dependency, feeling “in place,” continuity, and social inclusion) were extracted. This model explained 60.803% of the variance. Cronbach’s α of the PACOA and its subscales were .853 and .670 to .863, respectively, whereas the correlations between the PACOA and its subscales were .580 to .725 ( p < .01). The criterion validity and test–retest reliability were .678 ( p < .01) and r = .654 ( p < .01). Our findings suggest that the PACOA is an indicator of the emotional connection between older adults and their places of residence. Future studies should address the older adult–place fit, the future connection characteristics, and the influence of place attachment on older adults’ healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Components reuse in the building sector – A systematic review
Authors: Rakhshan Kambiz , Morel Jean-Claude , Alaka Hafiz , Charef Rabia
Published: February 2020

Widespread reuse of building components can promote the circularity of materials in the building sector. However, the reuse of building components is not yet a mainstream practise. Although there have been several studies on the factors affecting the reuse of building components, there is no single study that has tried to harmonize the circumstances affecting this intervention. Through a systematic literature review targeting peer-reviewed journal articles, this study intends to identify and stratify factors affecting the reuse of components of the superstructure of a building and eventually delineate correlations between these factors. Factors identified throughout this study are classified into six major categories and 23 sub-categories. Then the inter-dependencies between the barriers are studied by developing the correlation indices between the sub-categories. Results indicate that addressing the economic, social and regulatory barriers should be prioritized. Although the impact of barriers under perception, risk, compliance and market sub-categories are very pronounced, the highest inter-dependency among the sub-categories is found between perception and risk. It suggests that the perception of the stakeholders about building components reuse is affected by the potential risks associated with this intervention.
Retailer Behavior Near Fixed Transit Lines in Los Angeles: A Spatial Autoregressive Probit Model to Evaluate Retail Clustering
Authors: Olwert Craig T. , Wang Chih-Hao , Arellano Vicente , Oulrey David
Published: February 2020

Aggregate studies of retail uses around fixed transit lines and in transit-oriented development are scarce. In total, 8,402 retail locations were identified within half mile of twenty-seven stations in Los Angeles County, USA. Sixteen spatial autoregressive (SAR) probit models help us identify five retail categories (everyday uses, opportunists, rivals, hotels, and large footprints) based on how the retail uses self-cluster, cluster with other uses, choose transit station type preferences, prefer building types and are influenced by gentrification. The results help planners understand that aesthetic improvements and zoning changes are likely to lead to increased restaurant presence and specialized retail clusters, while strip malls further from stations beneficially provide locations for everyday uses.
Teaching Public Engagement in Research Using the Engagement Tool
Authors: Padt Frans J. G. , Bose Mallika , Luloff A. E.
Published: February 2020

The objective of this commentary is to provide educators with suggestions for courses that focus on publicly engaged research. We present an engagement tool that can be used to contrast traditional versus engaged approaches to research and help students understand the role of the researcher in public engagement and develop their position with respect to publicly engaged research.
Becoming Multicultural: Kinship Development of Korean Adolescents With Asian Cross-Border Marriage Migrant Stepmothers
Authors: Kim Jeehun , Okazaki Sumie
Published: February 2020

In Korea, more than one-third of cross-border marriages are remarriages for at least one spouse, yet little is known about the experiences of Korean adolescents who enter into a blended multicultural family through their father’s remarriages. The current study examined the experiences of 10 Korean (seven female) adolescents ( Mage = 15.9 years) primarily from low-income families with Korean fathers and non-Korean stepmothers using content analysis of in-depth interviews with adolescents, supplemented with field observations at after-school mentoring program. The analysis suggested that many of the Korean adolescents gained a new sense of identity as a member of a multicultural family primarily through new kinship bonds they experienced through the intimate labor of caretaking for their new half-siblings. Many of the adolescents had grown up without close kinship ties to their biological parents, thus the introduction of foreign stepmothers to the family provided opportunities for the adolescents to claim them as kins despite language and cultural barriers. At the same time, the adolescents also experienced challenges and tensions that often accompany new blended family formation. These results have implications for understanding formations of kinship and new cultural identity in blended families across borders.
The Effect of Social Network Size and Composition on the Link Between Discrimination and Health Among Sexual Minorities
Authors: Leahy Katelin E. , Chopik William J.
Published: February 2020

Objectives: Previous research has examined the link between discrimination and health in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender (LGBT) individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine if health-promoting variables, like social networks, might disrupt this association. Method: Participants were 2,560 LGBT older adults who reported on the composition of their social network, level of discrimination, stress, and health/well-being. Results: Moderated mediation results indicated that social network size disrupted the associations between discrimination, stress, and health outcomes when social networks were (a) larger and (b) comprised of LGBT individuals (but not straight individuals), regardless of age. Discussion: Larger social networks that include fellow LGBT individuals helped buffer experiences of stress and discrimination on health outcomes among LGBT older adults. Implications for how protective factors can reduce the negative effects of discrimination and stress are discussed.
Transnational Nonprofits’ Social Media Use: A Survey of Communications Professionals and an Analysis of Organizational Characteristics
Authors: Seo Hyunjin , Vu Hong Tien
Published: February 2020

In response to rapid changes in the communication environment, nonprofits are increasingly relying on digital technologies to achieve their communication goals. We examine factors influencing nonprofits’ digital-based external communication based on a survey of communications directors at transnational nonprofits, with an analysis of each organization’s characteristics as described on its Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form 990 and website. Our results show that, at the organizational level, nonprofits with stronger leadership support concerning social media activities were more likely to use different digital platforms and value more various functions of social media for external communication as compared with those lacking such support. At the individual level, communications directors’ perceived ease of social media use and time in their current position significantly influenced their emphasis on different functions of social media. This research fills a gap in the literature by analyzing both organizational characteristics and individual communications director’s attributes in assessing nonprofits’ social media use.
Examining the Extent and Coherence of Nonprofit Hybridization Toward the Market in a Post-corporatist Welfare State
Authors: Suykens Ben , De Rynck Filip , Verschuere Bram
Published: February 2020

Despite widespread concerns about nonprofit organizations becoming “business-like” by hybridizing toward the market sphere, systematic knowledge about the extent and coherency to which this phenomenon finds traction beyond the liberal welfare context remains largely absent to date. Based on survey data ( N = 496), this study addresses this lacuna for the region of Flanders (Belgium), an emblematic case of a post-corporatist welfare state. We find that (a) business practices are on the rise yet not prominently present, and (b) the theorized conceptual coherence of this phenomenon corresponds with a more fragmented empirical reality. This raises the question to what extent the conception of nonprofit hybridization toward the market sphere as a “monolithic threat” to the distinctiveness of the nonprofit sphere is an empirical reality in a post-corporatist welfare context.
‘Remembrance isn’t working’: First World War battlefield tours and the militarisation of British youth during the centenary
Authors: Pennell Catriona
Published: February 2020

Between 2014 and 2019, secondary school pupils from every state school in England were given the opportunity to visit the battlefields of the Western Front as part of the UK government’s flagship educational initiative to mark the centenary of the First World War. Based on empirical research conducted with pupil participants on the First World War Centenary Battlefield Tours Programme, this article explores the processes of militarisation present within these tours as well as the way young people participated in and made sense of these practices.
Judging the Secret Thoughts of All: Functional Neuroimaging, ‘Brain Reading’, and the Theological Ethics of Privacy
Authors: Messer Neil
Published: February 2020

Of the many futuristic prospects offered by neuroscience, one of the more controversial is ‘brain reading’: the use of functional neuroimaging to gain information about subjects’ mental states or thoughts. This technology has various possible applications, including ‘neuromarketing’ and lie detection. Would such applications violate subjects’ privacy rights? Conversely, if God knows and judges all our secret thoughts, do Christians have any stake in defending a right to mental privacy? This article argues that God’s knowledge of us is different not only in degree but in kind from the knowledge sought through brain reading. This view of divine knowledge supports a theological account of privacy, richer and broader in scope than standard accounts of privacy rights, which can aid the ethical analysis of the use of brain reading technology for purposes such as marketing and lie detection.
Decentralization Experience in Pakistan: The 18th Constitutional Amendment
Authors: Rana Muhammad Ahsan
Published: February 2020

Of all the amendments made to the Constitution of Pakistan, the 18th Amendment passed in April 2010 is arguably the most important amendment with the most far-reaching consequences. It restored the parliamentary character of the Constitution, redefined the Parliament–judiciary relationship by proposing parliamentary oversight on high judicial appointments and devolved several important functions to Provincial Governments. This decentralization of responsibility and authority provided the context in which various institutional actors renegotiated their roles in a contested space during the years since the Amendment. However, implementation has been quite a challenge in the face of covert and overt opposition from the federal bureaucracy, which is characteristically averse to any transfer of resources and authority. This article is a critical examination of the Amendment and its implementation to understand the nature and extent of devolution of authority resulting therefrom.
Effects of Ballot Type and District Magnitude on Local Public Goods Bill-Initiation Behavior: Evidence from Honduras
Authors: Muñoz-Portillo Juan
Published: February 2020

An influential literature predicts that incentives to provide local public goods are conditioned by how electoral systems expose a legislator to the need to seek a personal vote. Carey and Shugart theorize that district magnitude and ballot type interact affecting the legislators’ personal vote-seeking behavior. Another literature challenges the idea that electoral systems affect the behavior of legislators, particularly in highly clientelist settings, usually associated with high poverty. I empirically evaluate these arguments on an original data set of local goods bills presented by legislators of the National Congress of Honduras between 1990 and 2009. Honduras changed its electoral system from closed-list to open-list in 2004 while keeping its district magnitude constant. The results suggest that the Ballot Type × District Magnitude interaction does not affect the behavior of legislators in small magnitude constituencies, where poverty is more significant. However, support for the hypotheses is found in the largest, more developed constituency where M is equal to twenty-three seats.
The Ties that Bind Us: The Influence of Perceived State Similarity on Policy Diffusion
Authors: Bricker Christine , LaCombe Scott
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we propose a new measure to understand policy connections between the states. For decades, diffusion scholars have relied on the largely untested assumption that contiguous states are more similar than noncontiguous states, despite evidence that similarity is more complex than geographic proximity. We use a unique survey of citizens’ perceptions of other states to construct a national network of similarity ties between the states. We apply this new measure with a data set of state policy adoptions in a dyadic and monadic event history analysis and find that similar state adoptions are a reliable predictor of policy innovation. We argue that perceived state similarity is a more complete measure of how states look to each other than contiguity.
Maria Montessori and Neuroscience: The Trailblazing Insights of an Exceptional Mind
Authors: Fabri Mara , Fortuna Stefania
Published: February 2020

This comment presents Maria Montessori (1870–1952) and highlights that her child-centered method of education is based on brilliant intuitions, which were confirmed by neuroscience research many decades later, such as the distinction of three critical periods in children’s psychobiological development; the importance of the environment in supporting cerebral development and in promoting learning, as well as of affective stimulation in psychological growth and maturation; the specific neural structure of humans that specifically enables the acquisition of a language; the vital role of fine object manipulation in neuropsychological development, and of the physical exercise in brain and nervous system development.
The Precarious Project and the Wasted Opportunity: The Social and Cultural Dynamics of Conflict over Urban Development
Authors: Ocejo Richard E.
Published: February 2020

Much of the research on residents’ responses to urban development projects focuses on their self-interests, specifically economic position or quality of life. We know comparatively little about how social and cultural factors help influence and explain these behaviors, especially under conditions of gentrification. Based on an analysis of people’s reactions toward a development project in Newburgh, New York, an impoverished small city experiencing gentrification, this article reveals the importance of framing for understanding how and why groups support and oppose controversial projects. Although residents largely vary in their stance along lines of social class and race/ethnicity, their perspectives are intertwined with their perceptions of the city either as a place of mistreatment and a collective memory of local injustices (supporters), or as a place of opportunity and a local identity as place entrepreneurs (opponents). This article reveals new explanations for the complex dynamics behind residents’ reactions to urban growth initiatives.
Folk Theories of Artifact Creation: How Intuitions About Human Labor Influence the Value of Artifacts
Authors: Judge Madeline , Fernando Julian W. , Paladino Angela , Kashima Yoshihisa
Published: February 2020

What are the consequences of lay beliefs about how things are made? In this article, we describe a Western folk theory of artifact creation, highlighting how intuitive dualism regarding mental and physical labor (i.e., folk psychology) can lead to the perceived transmission of properties from makers to material artifacts (i.e., folk physics), and affect people’s interactions with material artifacts. We show how this folk theory structures the conceptual domain of material artifacts by differentiating the contemporary lay concepts of art/craft and industrial production, and how it influences people’s evaluations of different types of artifacts and their makers. We propose that the folk theory and lay concepts of art/craft and industrial production are best understood within a specific sociohistorical context, and review potential sources of cross-cultural and cross-temporal variation. We conclude by making recommendations for future research and examining the implications for promoting environmental sustainability and social justice in production systems.
“You Get a PhD and We Get a Few Hundred Bucks”: Mutual Benefits in Participatory Action Research?
Authors: Felner Jennifer K.
Published: February 2020

Participatory action research (PAR), community-based participatory research, and other participatory approaches continue to gain popularity within the field of public health and allied disciplines in an effort to democratize the production of knowledge and contribute to sustainable community health improvements. Consequently, more students and early-career scholars will elect to incorporate participatory approaches in their dissertations and other early-career research studies in an effort to meaningfully influence community health equity in a variety of contexts. While there is a growing body of literature on the processes and challenges involved in PAR, community-based participatory research, and other participatory research, early-career scholars infrequently critically reflect on and detail learnings from their participatory research studies in the academic literature. I respond to this gap by sharing and reflecting on three critical learning points from my own youth-led PAR dissertation study examining how youth of color experience aging out of LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning)–supportive youth services. In particular, I interrogate how the processes in our academic–youth partner collaboration shaped the possibility of a mutually beneficial praxis and offer recommendations to other early-career scholars embarking on their own participatory research studies.
Deciding To Stay: A Study in Hospitality Managerial Grit
Authors: McGinley Sean , Mattila Anna S. , Self Timothy T.
Published: February 2020

Contributing to a relatively new stream of literature connecting grit to organizational retention, this research note examined how internal employability perceptions interacted with a manager’s grittiness to predict professional mobility intentions (turnover and change career intentions). Retention is a salient concern within the U.S. hospitality industry given the high turnover rate and its subsequent impact on career trajectories of professionals. Based on an exploratory survey-based approach the results of this study suggests an association between grit and professional mobility, and that effect is moderated by the perceptions a hospitality manager holds regarding internal employability. Pointedly, when hospitality managers reported increasingly lower feelings of internal employability, grit played a significant role predicting professional mobility intentions; less gritty managers were more likely to intend to harbor turnover intentions and career change intentions, while their grittier counterparts were less likely to intend to leave.
Barriers to Implementing Behavior Intervention Plans: Results of a Statewide Survey
Authors: Robertson Rachel E. , Kokina Anastasia A. , Moore Debra W.
Published: February 2020

Behavior intervention plans (BIPs) based on a functional behavior assessment are supported by a large body of research showing their potential for positively impacting student behavior; however, research also indicates that many classroom teams struggle to implement BIPs with fidelity. We conducted a statewide survey of over 600 teachers to examine teacher-reported experiences with BIP implementation, including 13 implementation barriers previously identified in the literature. Selecting from the list provided, teachers reported the most prominent barrier to be “the cause of student problem behavior cannot be addressed through a BIP.” In written comments, teachers stated that many behavior problems were at least partially caused by factors beyond teacher control, such as a difficult home life, and perceived BIPs as less effective in these cases. Teachers from urban schools and schools with higher percentages of minority students reported encountering this barrier significantly more frequently. In general, teachers from schools (a) in urban settings, (b) with higher percentages of students receiving free or reduced lunch, and (c) with higher percentages of minority students reported significantly greater challenges to BIP implementation as well as lower fidelity and effectiveness of BIPs. Other prominent barriers identified by teachers included inconsistent implementation of BIPs across staff, inadequate resources to implement BIPs, and ineffective BIPs. Implications for improving implementation of BIPs in schools are discussed.
(F)utility of “routine” postprocedural chest radiograph after hemodialysis catheter (central venous catheter) insertion
Authors: Parmar Malvinder S
Published: February 2020

A routine postprocedural chest radiograph had been a safe, checklist-based final step of the procedure, since the start of central venous catheter insertion for hemodialysis to check the position of the catheter tip and to rule out complications. However, the chest radiograph is a suboptimal method to rule out complications like pneumothorax and is not a reliable test to confirm its position. Although it is relatively inexpensive, it is labor-intensive and exposes patient to unnecessary radiation exposure, cost, and often results in delayed use of the catheter. Various studies question the value of a routine chest radiograph as a screening test to rule out the mechanical complications of catheter insertion. We, in this brief viewpoint, present evidence to support the futility of a routine postprocedural chest radiograph in majority of asymptomatic patients and support Choosing Wisely Initiative to avoid low-value studies. However, it should be considered under specific indications, as discussed.
Current and Future Treatments in Alzheimer Disease: An Update
Authors: Yiannopoulou Konstantina G , Papageorgiou Sokratis G
Published: February 2020

Disease-modifying treatment strategies for Alzheimer disease (AD) are still under extensive research. Nowadays, only symptomatic treatments exist for this disease, all trying to counterbalance the neurotransmitter disturbance: 3 cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. To block the progression of the disease, therapeutic agents are supposed to interfere with the pathogenic steps responsible for the clinical symptoms, classically including the deposition of extracellular amyloid β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation. Other underlying mechanisms are targeted by neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, growth factor promotive, metabolic efficacious agents and stem cell therapies. Recent therapies have integrated multiple new features such as novel biomarkers, new neuropsychological outcomes, enrollment of earlier populations in the course of the disease, and innovative trial designs. In the near future different specific agents for every patient might be used in a “precision medicine” context, where aberrant biomarkers accompanied with a particular pattern of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings could determine a specific treatment regimen within a customized therapeutic framework. In this review, we discuss potential disease-modifying therapies that are currently being studied and potential individualized therapeutic frameworks that can be proved beneficial for patients with AD.
K-pop flows and Indonesian student pop scenes: situating live Asian pop music in an ‘Asian’ Australia
Authors: Scott-Maxwell Aline
Published: February 2020

Transnational responses to globalisation in the Asia-Pacific region have included the flow of Asian pop genres throughout Asia and beyond, which pose a modest challenge to the normative dominance of Anglophone pop globally. Over the last decade, Australia has entered this flow and become part of the market for Asian pop. Iwabuchi argues that ‘burgeoning popular culture flows have given new substance to the ambiguous imaginary space of “Asia”’. Recent growth in the Australian consumption and production of Asian popular music and media coupled with rapidly expanding, diverse and fluid Asian-Australian diaspora populations and communities of transient migrants from Asia, specifically international students, who together form Asian pop’s primary consumers in Australia, highlight the ambiguity of both ‘the imaginary space of “Asia”’ and the imaginary space of ‘Australia’. The article considers Australian engagement with Asian pop from two perspectives: K-pop dominated media production and commercial scale concerts of East Asian pop and the social and experiential dimension of how international students engage with live Asian pop. Ethnographic case studies of two Asian pop events draw attention to the self-contained, socially and culturally demarcated communities of international students in Australia. They illustrate how such concert events express shared identities; a collective sense of community, belonging and agency; and, further, a connectedness to ‘Asia’ and a disconnectedness to the Australian societies that enable their communities and pop music activities.
Loyalty in world politics
Authors: Poulsen Lauge N Skovgaard
Published: February 2020

Loyalty is part of the glue that holds relationships together in times of difficulty. Surprisingly, however, hardly any literature exists on the role of loyalty in International Relations. The concept is routinely invoked – not least the notion of the ‘loyal ally’ – but typically only in passing and often based on questionable assumptions about the nature and effect of loyalty. Building on literature in moral philosophy on the ethics of loyalty, this paper presents loyalty as persistently partial behaviour driven by affective attachments. Such attachments are, in turn, driven mainly by a sense of shared social identity but also the interaction between subjects and objects of loyalty. I show how this understanding of loyalty differs from how most political scientists use the concept and illustrate why it matters for the study of world politics.
Does exergaming drive future physical activity and sport intentions?
Authors: Soltani Pooya , Figueiredo Pedro , Vilas-Boas João Paulo
Published: February 2020

We studied how usability and playability of sport exergames affect future intentions of participation in physical activity or actual sport. We employed questionnaires to measure participants’ enjoyment, usability, game-experience, and future intentions of physical activity and real sport. We compared the outcomes based on players’ gender, previous real-swimming, and exergame experience. Psychological parameters were not different between groups but players without exergame experience enjoyed the game more. Physical activity intentions increased for all participants but not swimming intentions. The limitations of current gaming systems and their effects on players’ gaming experience and intentions are discussed.
Exploring teacher scaffolding in a CLIL-framed EFL intensive reading class: A classroom discourse analysis approach
Authors: Li Dongying , Zhang Lian
Published: February 2020

Teacher scaffolding plays a crucial role in shaping the quality of classroom learning, yet little is known about the effective features of scaffolding in classes using content language integrated learning (CLIL), especially in terms of its effects on learners’ language and cognitive development. To address this issue, the study adopts a classroom discourse analysis approach to capture features of effective teacher scaffolding in a CLIL-framed intensive reading class. Results showed a perceived increase in learners’ language and cognitive abilities while also revealing a series of effective teacher scaffolding strategies in CLIL. These include frequent use of dialogic inquiry and incidental feedback in discourse extensions, and the variation of teacher scaffolding strategies in response to students’ learning needs. The findings will inform the development of the CLIL pedagogy in EFL (English as a foreign language) education in China and other parts of the world.
Advanced joint slip model for single-angle bolted connections considering various effects
Authors: Abdelrahman Ahmed Hussain Ali , Liu Yao-Peng , Chan Siu-Lai
Published: February 2020

Latticed structures are commonly used in transmission towers due to lightweight, fast fabrication, and easy installation, but they generally experience more complicated structural behaviors. The full-scale tests on transmission towers have revealed large discrepancies between the numerical simulation and experimental results because the significant joint slip effects have not well considered in the former. The existing joint slip models were so simple that many key parameters had not been taken into account. Thus, a comprehensive joint slip model is proposed in this article for better prediction and design of tower structures. First, a full-detailed finite element model based on ABAQUS incorporating more realistic parameters for a typical joint is developed and calibrated by the experimental data from the literature. Furthermore, the proposed FE model is used for parametric study of joint behaviors with considerations of bolt pretension, friction at contact face, angle sizes and plate thickness, steel and bolt grades, number of bolts, and hole tolerance. Finally, an advanced joint slip model is provided for further incorporation in the second-order direct analysis of transmission towers. This work is limited in the literature and will significantly improve safety and enhance the cost-efficiency of tower design. The proposed model shows high accuracy and can be simply determined by joint details in line with the component method specified in Eurocode 3-1-8.
Study on identification of damping system based on motion state
Authors: Zhang Zhiying , Li Ying , Wei Hongyang , Ze Qiji
Published: February 2020

A correct identification for damping system is the foundation to select the dynamic analysis method. In this study, the differences between motion states in different damping systems are investigated initially. A theoretical identification method based on motion state is proposed with the spatial continuity of the motion, and the coordination of the motion state is used as the objective function. In addition, dynamic simulation results of a set of plates are compared to clarify the physical interpretation of the identification method. The method is applied to three practical examples with recognized damping system, including the motion of seismic isolation bearings, whiplash effect, semi-active controlling systems, and soil–structure interaction system. The analysis results verify that the proposed identification method is feasible in practical engineering.
What is the effect of electronic clinical handovers on patient outcomes? A systematic review
Authors: Delardes Belinda , McLeod Lisa , Chakraborty Samantha , Bowles Kelly-Ann
Published: February 2020

Handover between physicians is a high-risk event for communication errors. Using electronic handover platforms has potential to improve the quality of informational transfer and therefore minimise this risk. This systematic review sought to compare the effectiveness of electronic handover methods on patient outcomes. Articles were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMbase, Scopus and CINAHL databases. Studies involving electronic handover between two healthcare personnel or teams, and which described patientspecific outcomes, were included. This search yielded 390 articles, with a total of nine publications included in the analysis. Outcomes reported in studies included length of stay, adverse event rates, time to procedure and handover completeness. This review suggests that e-handover may improve the handover completeness; however, it is unclear at this time if that translates to an improvement in patient care. The lack of reliable evidence highlights the need for further research exploring the effect of e-handovers on patient care.
Patient-reported experience and outcomes from orthodontic treatment
Authors: Bradley Elizabeth , Shelton Andrew , Hodge Trevor , Morris David , Bekker Hilary , Fletcher Steven , Barber Sophy
Published: February 2020

Objective:

To measure patient-reported impact of orthodontic treatment in terms of pre-treatment concerns, treatment experience and treatment outcome.

Setting:

Four sites in Yorkshire, including two secondary care settings (Leeds Dental Institute and St Luke’s Hospital, Bradford) and two specialist orthodontic practices.

Design:

Cross-sectional survey.

Participants:

NHS orthodontic patients (aged 12+ years) who have completed comprehensive orthodontic treatment, excluding orthognathic surgery and craniofacial anomalies.

Methods:

Participants were opportunistically identified by the direct clinical care team during scheduled appointments and those eligible were invited to participate. Data were collected using the Orthodontic Patient Treatment Impact Questionnaire (OPTIQ), a validated 12-item measure with questions relating to pre-treatment experience, impact of treatment and outcome from treatment.

Results:

Completed questionnaires for analysis included 120 from primary care and 83 from secondary care. The most common pre-treatment concerns were alignment (89%) and being embarrassed to smile (63%). The most common expectations from orthodontic treatment were improved confidence to eat (87%) and smile (72%) in front of others, improved appearance of teeth (85%) and reduced teasing/bullying (63%). Only 67% respondents recalled receiving written information and the lowest recall related to retainer type and length of retention. The most commonly reported complications were sore mouth (68%), fixed appliance breakage (61%) and gingivitis (39%). Treatment caused greatest impact in relation to pain, limitations in eating and effect on speech. Overall satisfaction with orthodontic treatment was reported by 96% of respondents, 87% would have orthodontic treatment again (if needed) and 91% would recommend treatment to a friend.

Conclusions:

The OPTIQ is a useful patient-reported tool to identify pre-treatment concerns and expectations, treatment experience and outcome. Orthodontic treatment leads to high levels of satisfaction.
Who stands to benefit? Wellbeing, belonging and challenges to equity in engagement in extra-curricular activities at university
Authors: Winstone Naomi , Balloo Kieran , Gravett Karen , Jacobs Daniel , Keen Harry
Published: February 2020

Students’ engagement in extra-curricular activities can play a significant role in their development of a student identity, as well as leading to a greater sense of belonging and wellbeing. However, individual characteristics such as sociability may influence the likelihood of students engaging in extra-curricular activities. We collected mixed mode data from two online surveys to explore students’ perceptions of the impact of engagement in extra-curricular activities on their experience at university, as well as the mediating role of engagement in extra-curricular activities in the relationships between extraversion and wellbeing and sense of belonging to the University. Our data demonstrate that extraversion is positively associated with both belonging and wellbeing, and that engagement in extra-curricular activities also mediates these relationships. Our qualitative data uncover further nuances in engagement with extra-curricular activities; while many perceived outcomes are positive, some students express regret at opportunities missed, and find it challenging to balance extra-curricular activities and their studies. Taken together, these findings indicate that not all students stand to benefit equally from engagement in extra-curricular activities. Providing a range of opportunities that are accessible to a wide range of students may promote equity in participation in extra-curricular activities.
Using photo elicitation to understand first-year student experiences: Student metaphors of life, university and learning
Authors: Kahu Ella R , Picton Catherine
Published: February 2020

The transition from school to university is challenging and a greater knowledge of the first-year student experience will enable staff to better support their students. University- and government-run student surveys fail to capture the depth and breadth of the first-year experience and so qualitative research is needed to get a more nuanced and holistic understanding of students’ lives. The study described in this article used a photo elicitation method. We asked students to choose four images that represented their first year at university. The data – the chosen photographs and the students’ explanations of their choices – were thematically analysed, focusing in particular on the diverse metaphors students used to depict three dimensions of their experiences: life, university and learning. The findings highlight the dual nature of the transition to university – learning to be a university student and learning to be an adult – as well as the challenges and stresses of that process. The lack of agency that students felt is evident. The students likened their journey to a rollercoaster and talked of not being able to keep up with the fast-moving curriculum. They depicted themselves as passive acquirers of knowledge. The findings offer new ways for staff to understand the challenges that potentially disrupt student engagement in the first year. Both students and staff could benefit from recognising the metaphors in their thinking and, potentially, seeking new metaphors that might reveal different and more positive ways of experiencing the first year in higher education.
Vietnamese Women Entrepreneurs’ Motivations, Challenges, and Success Factors
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Anh , Phuong Tam To , Le Thuy Thi Bich , Vo Linh Phuong
Published: February 2020

The Problem

According to the Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurs, 31.3% of businesses in Vietnam are owned by women, placing Vietnam at the sixth out of the 53 surveyed economies. Despite the prevalence of female entrepreneurship in Vietnam, little is known about the motivations, challenges, and success factors of those occupying this vibrant sector of the Vietnamese economy. Greater knowledge of how women entrepreneurs perceive themselves and the Vietnamese business environment could stimulate greater support for their personal and career development.

The Solution

This study aims to explore Vietnamese women entrepreneurs’ motivations, challenges, and success factors. This qualitative research study provides (a) a brief introduction to the business context and the role of women entrepreneurs in Vietnam; (b) findings on Vietnamese women motivation for to starting and running business, as well as the challenges they face, and factors contributing to their success; and (c) recommendations for government policies, business communities, and the development of female entrepreneurs in Vietnam. As few research studies on women business owners in Vietnam are available, this empirical study can contribute to more effective practice and further research on this cohort in Vietnam.

The Stakeholders

Recommendations provided in this study will help governmental policymakers, business communities, and female entrepreneurs in Vietnam.
The Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Health-Themed Residential Learning Community for Undergraduate Students
Authors: Lederer Alyssa M. , Tims M. Scott , Czachowski Alicia K. , Williams-Aghimien Sonia E. , Pinto Celeste A.
Published: February 2020

College students face significant health concerns. In recent years, there has been an emergence of health-related residential learning communities (RLCs) at institutions of higher education, which endeavor to improve students’ academic and health outcomes by offering a communal living environment and programming. However, there is negligible literature describing health-related RLCs as a health promotion intervention, the kind of experience residents have, or the impact that health-related RLCs have on student outcomes. To begin to fill this gap, this article describes a health-themed RLC named HealthWave that was created at a private Southern university and the diverse stakeholders involved. It also summarizes results from a multimethod evaluation that included focus groups, an experience survey, and a quasi-experimental study with non-HealthWave students in the same residence hall as the comparison group. HealthWave was a feasible intervention to implement and residents provided very positive feedback about their experience, although the impact of HealthWave on students’ health behavior is unclear. Lessons learned from implementing and evaluating HealthWave are shared in order to inform health promotion professionals’ future programmatic and evaluation efforts.
“It’s Not Too Aggressive”: Key Features of Social Branding Anti-Tobacco Interventions for High-Risk Young Adults
Authors: Toledo Gabriela , McQuoid Julia , Ling Pamela M.
Published: February 2020

Purpose. Peer crowd–targeted campaigns are a novel approach to engage high-risk young adults in tobacco use prevention and cessation. We elicited the perspectives of young adult key informants to understand how and why two social branding interventions were effective: (1) “COMMUNE,” designed for “Hipsters” as a movement of artists and musicians against Big Tobacco, and (2) “HAVOC,” designed for “Partiers” as an exclusive, smoke-free clubbing experience. Design. Qualitative study (27 semistructured qualitative phone interviews). Setting. Intervention events held in bars in multiple U.S. cities. Participants: Twenty-seven key informants involved in COMMUNE or HAVOC as organizers (e.g., musicians, event coordinators) or event attendees. Measures. We conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews. Participants described intervention events and features that worked or did not work well. Analysis. We used an inductive-deductive approach to thematically code interview transcripts, integrating concepts from intervention design literature and emergent themes. Results: Participants emphasized the importance of fun, interactive, social environments that encouraged a sense of belonging. Anti-tobacco messaging was subtle and nonjudgmental and resonated with their interests, values, and aesthetics. Young adults who represented the intervention were admired and influential among peers, and intervention promotional materials encouraged brand recognition and social status. Conclusion. Anti-tobacco interventions for high-risk young adults should encourage fun experiences; resonate with their interests, values, and aesthetics; and use subtle, nonjudgmental messaging.
Community-Driven Approach for Youth Health Survey Administration and Data Utilization
Authors: Kattari Leonardo , Cikara Lauren , Ma Ming , Brooks-Russell Ashley
Published: February 2020

Large-scale population surveillance systems may fall short in capturing localized data specifically from rural communities. A three-tiered engagement approach is implemented by survey administrators that focuses on supporting communities and schools to better understand the health of youth locally and identify the most effective interventions. This community-driven approach to survey administration addresses the locality gap and evolves a statewide youth survey to better meet the needs of the state and local communities, as well as alleviates survey burden in schools through a unified, strategic approach.
Attitudes Underlying Reliance on Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors: Zörgő Szilvia , Peters Gjalt-Jorn Ygram , Mkhitaryan Samvel
Published: February 2020

Objective: We aimed to map attitudes underlying complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use, especially those involved in “dysfunctional CAM reliance,” that is, forgoing biomedical treatment in a life-threatening situation in favor of alternative treatment. Analyses of modifiable determinants of CAM use were conducted at a sufficiently specific level to inform intervention development. Methods: We collected usable data on CAM-related attitudinal beliefs from 151 participants in Budapest with varying degrees of CAM use, which we analyzed using confidence interval–based estimation of relevance plots. Results: Although there were beliefs that the entire sample shared, there was a marked difference between the biomedical and CAM groups. These differences were beliefs concerning trust in various medical systems, the level of importance assigned to emotions in falling ill, and vitalism or Eastern concepts. Regarding CAM users in general, the most successful intervention targets are beliefs in vitalism on the one hand, and distrust in biomedicine on the other. In addressing dysfunctional CAM use specifically, the most significant beliefs pertain to “natural” cures and reliance on biomedical testing. Conclusions: Albeit much research has been carried out on the motivations behind CAM use, rarely do studies treat CAM users separately in order to scrutinize patterns of nonconventional medicine use and underlying cognition. This is the first study to begin pinpointing specific attitudes involved in dysfunctional CAM use to inform future intervention development. Such interventions would be essential for the prevention of incidents and mortality.