bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security for Medical Image Using RSA
Authors: Parthipan S. , Gokul S. , Eswaran C. , Surya S. Jaya , Nithyakalyani Dr.S. , Suganaya S.
Published: June 2022

The ID of the clinical pictures is normal to encode and unscramble the parallel message. we carry out the RSA model for secure encryption process and the Stegno picture model is utilized. The most famous and most broadly utilized cryptosystem is the RSA whose security relies upon the trouble of finding the private key in a sensible time however not on the subtleties of the calculation to guarantee a greatest security, RSA requires the most elevated type of portrayal in the picture encryption field. The utilization of PC organizations to communicate clinical data is looked to information security issues. Henceforth it is important to make these Information disjointed and garbled during their exchange. The encryption and decoding of clinical pictures are performed either by programming or equipment. A product execution enjoys the benefit of being versatile and minimal expense yet its disadvantage is the gradualness decoding of an enormous volume of information, contrasted with the equipment execution and its failure to safeguard private keys. This is the explanation that instigated us to programming carry out the RSA convention to encode and unscramble clinical pictures.
A Sensor based Data Analytics for Patient Monitoring Using Data Mining
Authors: Menaka Dr.S.R. , Raj M. Gokul , Selvan P. Elakiya , Kumar G. Tharani , Yashika M.
Published: June 2022

Remote sensor networks have been broadly utilized in medical care applications, like emergency clinic and home patient observing. A great deal of work has been done to get remote clinical sensor organizations. The current arrangements can safeguard the patient information during transmission, yet cant stop within assault where the manager of the patient data set uncovers the touchy patient information. In this paper, we propose a useful way to deal with forestall within assault by utilizing different information servers to store patient information. The fundamental commitment of this paper is safely disseminating the patient information in various information servers and utilizing the AES to perform measurement investigation on the patient information without compromising the patients security. Remote clinical sensor networks surely work on understandings nature of-care without upsetting their solace. Nonetheless, there exist numerous potential security dangers to the patient delicate physiological information communicated over the public diverts and put away in the back-end frameworks. Average security dangers to medical care applications with WSNs can be summed up as follows. Snoopping is a security danger to the patient information protection A busybody, having a strong beneficiary recieving wire, might have the option to catch the patient information from the clinical sensors and accordingly realizes the patients medical issue. He might even post the patients medical issue on interpersonal organization, which can represent a genuine danger to patient security. Pantomime is a security danger to the patient information credibility.
Legal Regulation of the Use and Protection of Wild Relatives of Cultivated Plants in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Uzakbaeva G.B. , Ajiev A.B.
Published: June 2022

The article presents the legal aspects of the protection of wild relatives in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Specific articles from documents, laws and resolutions of the Government of the Republic are given. In addition, it is considered advisable to create a department (department) for the use and protection of wild relatives of cultivated plants (DSKR) at the Main Forestry Department of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which will allow the development of market relations between government agencies and the private sector in the field of use and protection of DSKR.
Characteristics of Geotechnical Behavior of the Deep Cement Mixing Method According to the Placement Type
Authors: Baek Wonjin , Lee Sungyeol , Chang Yongchai , Yoon Hyeonjun , Lim Joungjae , Shin Youngsoo
Published: June 2022

The improvement method for using the soft ground efficiently was applied in various manners depending on the site condition and development purpose. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the deep cement mixing (DCM) method, in which the lower part of the ground is mixed with a solidifying agent to form an improved body of uniform strength. Although various studies are being conducted on this topic, studies on the behavioral characteristics of the improved ground according to the arrangement of the DCM improved body are insufficient. Therefore, in this study, an improved body was manufactured using a model soil with a similar ratio, and laboratory tests were conducted to understand the behavioral characteristics of the composite ground in pile-type and wall-type arrangements. The replacement rate of the composite ground was set at 46.2%. The improved body was manufactured at W/C = 40%. A shear test was performed after installing displacement gauges at 8 cm and 16 cm from the center of the load plate to clarify the ground behavior. The test results suggested that the wall type arrangement was advantageous in the force for the load acting vertically and the displacement for the lateral flow. Additionally, numerical analysis using the finite element method suggested that significant ground displacement occurred in the pile-type arrangement.
Analysis of Changes in River Water Quality Due to Weir Installation
Authors: Kim Eungseok , Lee Seunghyun
Published: June 2022

There has been an increase in the amount of pollutants such as biochemical water and factory wastewater discharged from urban areas as a result of urbanization and industrialization. Therefore, research on securing water resources and improving water quality in rivers around cities is being actively conducted. This study analyzed the pattern of change of water quality due to the installation of overflow type weirs among the hand structures in the existing river. The target watershed was performed at Gilancheon, located in Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The flow coefficient was calculated by analyzing the flow velocity and water level according to weir installation using the HEC-RAS. Afterwards, the QUALKO model was built, and the water quality analysis according to weir installation was performed by applying the flow coefficient calculated using HEC-RAS. As a result of the analysis, the flow rate was found to have decreased, and a stagnation section occurred due to the influence of weir installation, resulting in an increase in Chl-a. Due to the increase of Chl-a, BOD increased by 29%-32%, and T-N and T-P, which are nutrients for Chl-a, decreased. Therefore, an increase in Chl-a concentration due to weir installation can cause eutrophication due to the growth of green algae in the river, and it is believed that it can greatly affect the deterioration of water quality. Furthermore, it is considered that it will be able to help predict changes in water quality for the installation and operation of weirs in the future.
Application of EPA-SWMM with Modulated Controls for Agricultural Water Balance Analysis
Authors: Shin Ji-Hyeon , Nam Won-Ho , Kim Ha-Young , Yang Mi-Hye , Jung In-Kyun
Published: June 2022

Due to the recent spring drought, it has been difficult to supply agricultural water owing to an insufficient water supply before irrigation, thereby illuminating the importance of efficient water management for allocating optimal agricultural water amounts. Thus, improved management plans for irrigation facilities are required as well as an optimal water management plan for agricultural water supplies and equitable distribution. In this study, we applied modulated controls to the EPA-SWMM and analyzed the agricultural water supply and demand. The EPA-SWMM simulates the hydrological water supply and can be applied to a water supply network. Modulated controls can simulate continuous, intermittent, and rotational irrigation methods by setting the supply time series, and adjusting the water supply and drainage based on ponding depth conditions in the paddy field. We applied the EPA-SWMM with modulated controls to Gosam reservoir in Anseong to analyze the agricultural water supply and irrigation efficiency. The water supply via canals and irrigated areas was analyzed to identify areas of water shortages or oversupply. According to the results of a quantitative water supply analysis, we determined that it is necessary to control the water supply using gate opening rate controls. The results obtained herein can contribute to efficient water management by evaluating the efficiency of irrigation organizations during a drought when insufficient agricultural water is available via preliminary analysis of agricultural water supply methods.
Palliative oncology and palliative care
Authors: Strang Peter
Published: June 2022

New therapeutic approaches can produce promising results even in severely ill cancer patients. But they also pose new challenges with respect to prognostication, as patients who were once not eligible for treatment, due to age or comorbidities, now are. Palliative oncology constitutes a major part of oncological care, with life prolongation and quality of life as its main goals. Palliative care specialists are experts in symptom control and psychosocial and existential support, and the integration of their expertise early on in patient care can prolong survival. In this article, I discuss the need to integrate specialist palliative care into early cancer treatment plans to achieve quality of life for patients. I also discuss the ways in which palliative care specialists balance the benefits of novel treatments against their adverse effects for patients, particularly for the elderly, the frail and those in advance stages of disease. I highlight the need to ensure equal access to palliative care to improve cancer patients' quality of life but also why futile, burdensome treatments should be avoided especially in the frail, elderly patients. Further, I discuss benefits and problems related to nutritional support in patients with cachexia and exemplify why translational research is needed to link basic research with clinical oncology and effective symptom control.
Strontium Substituted Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Cement: Short and Long‐Term Time‐Resolved Studies and In Vitro Properties
Authors: Rau Julietta V. , Fadeeva Inna V. , Forysenkova Anna A. , Davydova Galina A. , Fosca Marco , Filippov Yaroslav Yu. , Antoniac Iulian V. , Antoniac Aurora , D'Arco Annalisa , Di Fabrizio Marta , Petrarca Massimo , Lupi Stefano , Di Menno Di Bucchianico Massimo , Yankova Viktoriya G. , Putlayev Valery I. , Cristea Mihai Bogdan
Published: June 2022

Due to a significant influence of strontium (Sr) on bone regeneration, Sr substituted β‐tricalcium phosphate (Sr‐TCP) cement is prepared and investigated by short‐ and long‐term time‐resolved techniques. For short‐term investigations, energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and, for the first time, terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy techniques are applied. For long‐term time‐resolved studies, angular dispersive X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical tests, and behavior in Ringer solution are carried out. After 45 min of the cement setting, the Sr‐TCP phase is no longer detectable. During this time period, an appearance and constant increase of the final brushite phase are registered. The compressive strength of the Sr‐TCP cement increases from 4.5 MPa after 2 h of setting and reaches maximum at 13.3 MPa after 21 d. After cement soaking for 21 d in Ringer solution, apatite final product, with an admixture of brushite and TCP phases is detected. The cytotoxicity aspects of the prepared cement are investigated using NCTC 3T3 fibroblast cell line, and the cytocompatibility—by human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. The obtained results allow to conclude that the developed Sr‐TCP cement is promising for biomedical applications for bone tissue.
Self‐Powered Intelligent Voice Navigation Tactile Pavement Based on High‐Output Hybrid Nanogenerator
Authors: Jiang Dongjie , Du Minxing , Qu Xuecheng , Gai Yansong , Sun Wei , Xue Jiangtao , Li Yusheng , Li Zhou , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: June 2022

Improving the safety and usability of the blind movement is of great significance. The blind navigation system has always been the focus of attention. However, achieving an unconscious interaction and long‐term operation with high navigation accuracy is an urgent challenge. In this study, a distributed self‐powered intelligent voice navigation tactile pavement (SVP) based on a hybrid nanogenerator for blind navigation is reported. More than 4‐s effective output time is achieved under a single instantaneous pressure to the hybrid nanogenerator. The system is integrated with an inertial storage hybrid nanogenerator (ISNG), RF transmitter module, and voice broadcast module. It has the advantages of outstanding navigation accuracy, fatigue resistance (16 000 cycles), temperature stability (−50 to 50 °C), no required operation, and easy fabrication. The SVP may solve the difficulties of GPS navigation delay and lack of map information and realize the accurate identification and feedback of key locations, providing an effective and unconscious interaction navigation strategy for the blind. Integrating the hybrid nanogenerator under the road can provide an energy supply for the construction of the Internet of Things and smart city in the future.
Diastereoselective and Synergistic Gold‐Catalyzed Bispropargylation of Xanthones and Thioxanthones: An Access to Xanthene Derivatives
Authors: Fernández Sergio , Allegue Darío , Santamaría Javier , Ballesteros Alfredo
Published: June 2022

A gold‐catalyzed bispropargylation of xanthone derivatives is described. The use of propargylsilanes permits to achieve a deoxygenative bispropargylation through a double catalytic addition of the corresponding allenylgold intermediate to the synergistically activated carbonyl moiety. This methodology works in a diastereoselective manner either with xanthone or thioxanthone derivatives. Monopropargylated xanthydrol silyl ethers were isolated as reaction intermediates and these species could be transformed into symmetrical and non‐symmetrical bispropargylated xanthenes. The formation of non‐symmetrical bispropargylated xanthenes could also be achieved through an one‐pot procedure. Finally, other interesting structures, such as propargylxanthylidenes, propargylxanthenes and bispropargylated xanthenes replacing the silicon moiety, were accessible following different one‐pot synthetic methodologies. In addition, bispropargylated xanthenes could perform a carbonylative [2+2+1] formal cycloaddition.

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Composted tobacco waste increases the yield and organoleptic quality of leaf mustard
Authors: Nguyen Binh The , Dinh Duyen Hong , Hoang Nam Ba , Do Thang Trong , Milham Paul , Thi Hoang Dung , Cao Son Truong
Published: June 2022

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) waste is produced in many countries and is phytotoxic due to the alkaloid content; in Vietnam the waste is usually burned causing air pollution. We composted tobacco waste with chicken manure in different proportions—1 t of waste ± accelerant (C1 and C2); 0.8 t of waste + 0.2 t of chicken manure ± accelerant (C3 and C4); and 0.7 t of waste + 0.3 t of chicken manure ± accelerant (C5 and C6)—for 30 d in covered heaps. Three mixtures containing the accelerant (C2, C4, and C6) reached temperatures of ∼55 °C, that 5s, hot enough to suppress disease and weeds. Composting decreased the alkaloid content from ∼6,000 to ∼200 mg kg−1, and C4 with a C/N ratio of 19:1, was used in a field trial. The compost treatments (0, 10, 15, and 20 t ha−1) were combined fertilizer with phosphorus (40 kg ha−1), nitrogen (60 kg ha−1) and potassium (90 kg ha−1) for leaf mustard (Brassica integrifolia). The yield increased from ∼17 to ∼29 t ha−1 with the amount of compost applied, and the nitrate concentration decreased concomitantly from ∼67 to ∼42 mg NO3–N kg−1 fresh weight, presumably due to ongoing composting (nitrogen drawdown). Organoleptic evaluation showed a preference for the crops grown with the compost amendments. Whether remains to be seen whether one‐off compost applications >20 t ha−1 and repeated, large applications provide additional, long‐term production benefits, or if the benefits may be outweighed by the accumulation of persistent, phytotoxic alkaloids.
Dynamic change of fecal microbiota and metabolomics in a polymicrobial murine sepsis model
Authors: Muratsu Arisa , Ikeda Mitsunori , Shimizu Kentaro , Kameoka Shoichiro , Motooka Daisuke , Nakamura Shota , Matsumoto Hisatake , Ogura Hiroshi , Shimazu Takeshi
Published: June 2022

Aim

Sepsis causes a systemic inflammatory reaction by destroying intestinal flora, which leads to a poor prognosis. In this study, we sought to clarify the characteristics of fecal flora and metabolites in a mouse model of sepsis by comprehensive metagenomic and metabolomic analysis.

Methods

We performed a cecal ligation and puncture model procedure to create a mild sepsis model. We collected fecal samples on day 0 (healthy condition) and days 1 and 7 after the cecal ligation and puncture to determine the microbiome and metabolites. We analyzed fecal flora using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolites using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry with time‐of‐flight analysis.

Results

The abundance of bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae significantly increased, but that of order Clostridiales such as the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae decreased on day 1 after the cecal ligation and puncture compared with those before the cecal ligation and puncture. The family Enterobacteriaceae significantly decreased, but that of order Clostridiales such as the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae increased on day 7 compared with those on day 1 after the cecal ligation and puncture. In the fecal metabolome, 313 metabolites were identified. Particularly, essential amino acids such as valine and non‐essential amino acids such as glycine increased remarkably following injury. Betaine and trimethylamine also increased. In contrast, short‐chain fatty acids such as isovaleric acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid decreased.

Conclusion

The fecal microbiota following injury showed that Enterobacteriaceae increased in acute phase, and Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae increased in subacute phase. The metabolites revealed an increase in essential amino acids and choline metabolites and a decrease in short‐chain fatty acids.
Data‐Driven Interpretable Descriptors for the Structure–Activity Relationship of Surface Lattice Oxygen on Doped Vanadium Oxides
Authors: Jiang Chenggong , Song Hongbo , Sun Guodong , Chang Xin , Zhen Shiyu , Wu Shican , Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Gong Jinlong
Published: June 2022

Understanding the structure–activity relationship of surface lattice oxygen is critical but challenging to design efficient redox catalysts. This paper describes data‐driven redox activity descriptors on doped vanadium oxides combining density functional theory and interpretable machine learning. We corroborate that the p‐band center is the most crucial feature for the activity. Besides, some features from the coordination environment, including unoccupied d‐band center, s‐ and d‐band fillings, also play important roles in tuning the oxygen activity. Further analysis reveals that data‐driven descriptors could decode more information about electron transfer during the redox process. Based on the descriptors, we report that atomic Re‐ and W‐doping could inhibit over‐oxidation in the chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation of propane, which is verified by subsequent experiments and calculations. This work sheds light on the structure–activity relationship of lattice oxygen for the rational design of redox catalysts.
Effect of Surface‐Adsorbed and Intercalated (Oxy)anions on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hausmann J. Niklas , Menezes Prashanth W.
Published: June 2022

As the kinetically demanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for the decarbonization of our society, a wide range of (pre)catalysts with various non‐active‐site elements (e.g., Mo, S, Se, N, P, C, Si…) have been investigated. Thermodynamics dictate that these elements oxidize during industrial operation. The formed oxyanions are water soluble and thus predominantly leach in a reconstruction process. Nevertheless, recently, it was unveiled that these thermodynamically stable (oxy)anions can adsorb on the surface or intercalate in the interlayer space of the active catalyst. There, they tune the electronic properties of the active sites and can interact with the reaction intermediates, changing the OER kinetics and potentially breaking the persisting OER *OH/*OOH scaling relations. Thus, the addition of (oxy)anions to the electrolyte opens a new design dimension for OER catalysis and the herein discussed observations deepen the understanding of the role of anions in the OER.
Entropy‐Mediated Polymer–Cluster Interactions Enable Dramatic Thermal Stiffening Hydrogels for Mechanoadaptive Smart Fabrics
Authors: Wu Jia , Wu Baohu , Xiong Jiaqing , Sun Shengtong , Wu Peiyi
Published: June 2022

Thermal stiffening materials that are naturally soft but adaptively self‐strengthen upon heat are intriguing for load‐bearing and self‐protection applications at elevated temperatures. However, to simultaneously achieve high modulus change amplitude and high mechanical strength at the stiffened state remains challenging. Herein, entropy‐mediated polymer–mineral cluster interactions are exploited to afford thermal stiffening hydrogels with a record‐high storage modulus enhancement of 13 000 times covering a super wide regime from 1.3 kPa to 17 MPa. Such a dramatic thermal stiffening effect is ascribed to the transition from liquid‐liquid to solid–liquid phase separations, and at the molecular level, driven by enhanced polymer–cluster interactions. The hydrogel is further processed into sheath–core fibers and smart fabrics, which demonstrate self‐strengthening and self‐powered sensing properties by co‐weaving another liquid metal fiber as both the joule heater and triboelectric layer.
Cucurbituril‐Based Supramolecular Polymers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Sun Chen , Yang Kuikun , Chen Xiaoyuan , Wang Ruibing
Published: June 2022

Supramolecular polymers (SPs) have attracted broad interest because of their intriguing features and functions. Host–guest interactions often impart tunable physicochemical properties, reversible hierarchical organization, and stimuli‐responsiveness to SPs for diverse biomedical applications. Characterized by strong but dynamic interactions with guest molecules, cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) has shown great potential as an important building block of various functional polymers for biomedical applications. In this Minireview, we summarize the most recent examples regarding the design, fabrication, and biomedical applications of CB[n]‐based supramolecular polymers (CSPs), which are categorized as noncovalent and covalent CSPs according to the interactions between the CB[n] and polymer backbones. The design principles of CSPs and their unique advantages for biomedical applications, as well as the developmental trends and future perspectives of this cross‐disciplinary area are also discussed.
Suppressing Non‐Radiative Relaxation through Single‐Atom Metal Modification for Enhanced Fluorescence Efficiency in Molybdenum Disulfide Quantum Dots
Authors: Li Chao‐Rui , Lei Yu‐Li , Li Hua , Ni Miao , Yang Dong‐Rui , Xie Xiao‐Yu , Wang Yuan‐Fan , Ma Hai‐Bo , Xu Wei‐Gao , Xia Xing‐Hua
Published: June 2022

To enhance the fluorescence efficiency of semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs), strategies via enhancing photo‐absorption and eliminating non‐radiative relaxation have been proposed. In this study, we demonstrate that fluorescence efficiency of molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) can be enhanced by single‐atom metal (Au, Ag, Pt, Cu) modification. Four‐fold enhancement of the fluorescence emission of MoS2 QDs is observed with single‐atom Au modification. The underlying mechanism is ascribed to the passivation of non‐radiative surface states owing to the new defect energy level of Au in the forbidden band that can trap excess electrons in n‐type MoS2, increasing the recombination probability of conduction band electrons with valence band holes of MoS2. Our results open an avenue for enhancing the fluorescence efficiency of QDs via the modification of atomically dispersed metals, and extend their scopes and potentials in a fundamental way for economic efficiency and stability of single‐atom metals.
N‐Substituted Arylidene‐3‐(Methylsulfonyl)‐2‐Oxoimidazolidine‐1‐Carbohydrazide as Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Tok Fatih , Sağlık Begüm Nurpelin , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım , Koçyiğit‐Kaymakçıoğlu Bedia
Published: June 2022

The development of new enzyme inhibitors in degenerative brain diseases has gained more attention. Enzyme inhibitors play an effective role in controlling central nervous system diseases. For this purpose, a novel series of hydrazone derivatives containing imidazolidine ring aimed against Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been designed and synthesized. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme inhibitory activity of these compounds was investigated. The structures of the compounds were determined by IR, 1H and 13C‐NMR and mass spectroscopic methods. Inhibition studies on the cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes and β‐amyloid plaque inhibition test of the compounds were performed. Based on the experimental results, compound 3j bearing dimethoxy substituent on the aromatic ring like donepezil exhibited the most AChE inhibitory activity with the IC50 values of 0.023±0.001 μM. Owing to obtained biological activity and molecular docking study results, it is thought that the most active compound 3j may play a role in both symptomatic and palliative treatment of AD.
Advances in the Key Metal‐Based Catalysts for Efficient Electrochemical Conversion of CO2
Authors: Darayen Jidsucha , Chailapakul Orawon , Praserthdam Piyasan , Panpranot Joongjai , Tungasmita Duangamol N. , Boonyongmaneerat Yuttanant
Published: June 2022

The electrochemical reduction process is one of the most promising approaches to both efficiently remove the important greenhouse gas CO2 and convert it to chemical products of high value. However, in addition to the configuration of electrochemical cells, electrocatalysts are main factors affecting key performances in electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions. Recently, studies have been conducted to investigate the roles of metal‐based electrocatalysts and improve their performances through alloying, oxidization, and microstructural modulations. This review comprehensively discusses and analyzes the developments made in such metal‐based electrocatalyst studies and presents the advancements of important metals for use in electrochemical CO2 reduction processes. The relationships between the electrodes' microstructure, chemistry, and efficiency in CO2 conversion are also compared and discussed.
Scutellarin‐mediated autophagy activates exosome release of rat nucleus pulposus cells by positively regulating Rab8a via the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway
Authors: Hu Shun‐Qi , Zou Yan‐Pei , Jiang Yun‐Qi , Zhang Qi‐Chen , Cheng Hong‐Xia , Wang Hui‐Ren , Li Xi‐Lei
Published: June 2022

To provide a basis for promising exosome‐based therapies against intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), our present research aimed to identify a mechanism underlying the vesicle release from nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Scutellarin (SC) is a natural chemotherapeutic agent isolated from Erigeron breviscapus with a variety of biological activities. Here, we observed the significantly elevated autophagy levels in rat NPCs under the stimulation of SC, leading to a concomitant enhancement of intracellular vesicle release, which could be attributed to the inactivation of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. To ensure that exosome release was driven by SC via the autophagic pathway, we implemented gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function studies by additionally using insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and small‐interfering RNA of autophagy‐related gene 5 (ATG5), and the exosome secretion decreased in the case of attenuated autophagy. Evidently, the treatment with SC exerted the remarkable upregulation of Rab8a through the overexpression of ATG5. After the respective knockdown of ATG5 and Rab8a, the increased release of exosomes induced by SC was reversed, whereas the number of intracellular vesicles was restored. Overall, it can be concluded that SC contributes to the autophagy activation in NPCs by acting on the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway, which upregulates the expression of Rab8a and promotes the release of exosomes, inspiring novel therapeutic strategies in preventing IDD that might be fruitfully investigated.
Waste‐Derived Copper‐Lead Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yang Shuang , An Hongyu , Anastasiadou Dimitra , Xu Wenjie , Wu Longfei , Wang Hui , de Ruiter Jim , Arnouts Sven , Figueiredo Marta C. , Bals Sara , Altantzis Thomas , van der Stam Ward , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: June 2022

It remains a real challenge to control the selectivity of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (eCO2R) reaction to valuable chemicals and fuels. Most of the electrocatalysts are made of non‐renewable metal resources, which hampers their large‐scale implementation. Here, we report the preparation of bimetallic copper‐lead (CuPb) electrocatalysts from industrial metallurgical waste. The metal ions were extracted from the metallurgical waste through simple chemical treatment with ammonium chloride, and CuxPby electrocatalysts with tunable compositions were fabricated through electrodeposition at varying cathodic potentials. X‐ray spectroscopy techniques showed that the pristine electrocatalysts consist of Cu0, Cu1+ and Pb2+ domains, and no evidence for alloy formation was found. We found a volcano‐shape relationship between eCO2R selectivity toward two electron products, such as CO, and the elemental ratio of Cu and Pb. A maximum Faradaic efficiency towards CO was found for Cu9.00Pb1.00, which was four times higher than that of pure Cu, under the same electrocatalytic conditions. In situ Raman spectroscopy revealed that the optimal amount of Pb effectively improved the reducibility of the pristine Cu1+ and Pb2+ domains to metallic Cu and Pb, which boosted the selectivity towards CO by synergistic effects. This work provides a framework of thinking to design and tune the selectivity of bimetallic electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction through valorization of metallurgical waste.
Proton Conduction at High Temperature in High‐Symmetry Hydrogen‐Bonded Molecular Crystals of RuIII Complexes with Six Imidazole‐Imidazolate Ligands
Authors: Tadokoro Makoto , Itoh Masaki , Nishimura Ryota , Sekiguchi Kensuke , Hoshino Norihisa , Kamebuchi Hajime , Miyazaki Jun , Kobayashi Fumiya , Mizuno Motohiro , Akutagawa Tomoyuki
Published: June 2022

A new H‐bonded crystal [RuIII(Him)3(Im)3] with three imidazole (Him) and three imidazolate (Im−) groups was prepared to obtain a higher‐temperature proton conductor than a Nafion membrane with water driving. The crystal is constructed by complementary N−H⋅⋅⋅N H‐bonds between the RuIII complexes and has a rare Icy‐c* cubic network topology with a twofold interpenetration without crystal anisotropy. The crystals show a proton conductivity of 3.08×10−5 S cm−1 at 450 K and a faster conductivity than those formed by only HIms. The high proton conductivity is attributed to not only molecular rotations and hopping motions of HIm frameworks that are activated at ∼113 K, but also isotropic whole‐molecule rotation of [RuIII(Him)3(Im)3] at temperatures greater than 420 K. The latter rotation was confirmed by solid‐state 2H NMR spectroscopy; probable proton conduction routes were predicted and theoretically considered.
CO2 Separation by Imide/Imine Organic Cages
Authors: La Cognata Sonia , Mobili Riccardo , Milanese Chiara , Boiocchi Massimo , Gaboardi Mattia , Armentano Donatella , Jansen Johannes C. , Monteleone Marcello , Antonangelo Ariana R. , Carta Mariolino , Amendola Valeria
Published: June 2022

Two novel imide/imine‐based organic cages have been prepared and studied as materials for the selective separation of CO2 from N2 and CH4 under vacuum swing adsorption conditions. Gas adsorption on the new compounds showed selectivity for CO2 over N2 and CH4. The cages were also tested as fillers in mixed‐matrix membranes for gas separation. Dense and robust membranes were obtained by loading the cages in either Matrimid® or PEEK‐WC polymers. Improved gas‐transport properties and selectivity for CO2 were achieved compared to the neat polymer membranes.
Historical perspectives on gas hydrates and citation impact analysis
Authors: Linga Praveen
Published: June 2022

Gas hydrates, or clathrate hydrates, is a multidisciplinary field of research involving potential applications to the oil and gas industry, energy security, and innovative technological applications with literature referenced back to 1810. The field of gas hydrates or clathrate hydrates has progressed over the past several decades from academic curiosity‐driven research to industrially relevant research related to flow assurance and methane hydrates in nature as an energy resource. In the recent few decades, several innovative and sustainable applications have emerged with gas hydrate or clathrate hydrate as a technology enabler. In this work, I present a bibliometric analysis of the field of gas hydrates or clathrate hydrates for the period from 1901 to 2020 from the Web of Science core collection database of Clarivate Analytics. In total, 12 152 journal publications (review and original research articles) were analyzed from Web of Science core collection database spanning 121 years (1901–2020). Top countries, top cited review articles, and original research articles along with top source titles (journals) are identified and highlighted. In addition, the field classifications and citation rate trends have been analyzed and presented. Network visualization maps are presented for countries, sources, and organizations by analysing citations in VOSviewer. Co‐occurrence analysis is performed to identify the top keywords and their links through network visualization based on VOSviewer.
Precision medicine: Sustained response to erdafitinib in FGFR2‐mutant, multiply recurrent ameloblastoma
Authors: Lawson‐Michod Katherine A. , Le Christopher H. , Tranesh Ghassan , Thomas Penelope C. , Bauman Julie E.
Published: June 2022

Background

Ameloblastoma imposes significant morbidity and high‐recurrence rates following surgery and radiation therapy. Although 89% of cases harbor oncogenic mutations, the role of targeted therapy is undefined.

Case

We describe a case of a 40‐year‐old male with multiply recurrent, locally invasive ameloblastoma of the posterior maxillary ridge. The tumor was unresectable for negative margins due to extensive intracranial disease, and the patient suffered severe symptoms including pain. Immune and genomic profiling were obtained to guide systemic treatment, showing a PD‐L1 score of 2% and FGFR2V395D and SMOW535L mutations. The patient progressed rapidly on anti‐PD1 immunotherapy. He was treated with the FGFR inhibitor, erdafitinib, with excellent partial response including resolution of intracranial disease and cancer‐related pain, ongoing 2 years after drug initiation.

Conclusion

Targeting the FGFR2 mutation resulted in sustained response and improved quality of life. Genomic profiling with targeted therapy for ameloblastoma appears promising, especially when surgery is technically infeasible.
Effects of Mexiletine and Lacosamide on Nerve Excitability in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Crossover Study
Authors: Ruijs Titia Q. , Koopmans Ingrid W. , de Kam Marieke L. , van Esdonk Michiel J. , Koltzenburg Martin , Groeneveld Geert Jan , Heuberger Jules A.A.C.
Published: June 2022

Selective voltage‐gated sodium channel blockers are of growing interest as treatment for pain. For drug development of such compounds, it would be critical to have a biomarker that can be used for proof‐of‐mechanism. We aimed to evaluate whether drug‐induced changes in sodium conductance can be detected in the peripheral nerve excitability profile in 18 healthy subjects. In a randomized, double‐blind, 3‐way crossover study, effects of single oral doses of 333 mg mexiletine and 300 mg lacosamide were compared with placebo. On each study visit, motor and sensory nerve excitability measurements of the median nerve were performed (predose; and 3 and 6 hours postdose) using Qtrac. Treatment effects were calculated using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with baseline as covariate. Mexiletine and lacosamide had significant effects on multiple motor and sensory nerve excitability variables. Depolarizing threshold electrotonus (TEd40 (40–60 ms)) decreased by mexiletine (estimated difference (ED) −1.37% (95% confidence interval (CI): −2.20, −0.547; P = 0.002) and lacosamide (ED −1.27%, 95% CI: −2.10, −0.443; P = 0.004) in motor nerves. Moreover, mexiletine and lacosamide decreased superexcitability (less negative) in motor nerves (ED 1.74%, 95% CI: 0.615, 2.87; P = 0.004, and ED 1.47%, 95% CI: 0.341, 2.60; P = 0.013, respectively). Strength‐duration time constant decreased after lacosamide in motor‐ (ED −0.0342 ms, 95% CI: −0.0571, −0.0112; P = 0.005) and sensory nerves (ED −0.0778 ms, 95% CI: −0.116, −0.0399; P < 0.001). Mexiletine and lacosamide significantly decrease excitability of motor and sensory nerves, in line with their suggested mechanism of action. Results of this study indicate that nerve excitability threshold tracking can be an effective pharmacodynamic biomarker. The method could be a valuable tool in clinical drug development.
Tuning the Selectivity of the Hydrogenation/Hydrogenolysis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural under Batch Multiphase and Continuous‐Flow Conditions
Authors: Rodríguez‐Padrón Daily , Perosa Alvise , Longo Lilia , Luque Rafael , Selva Maurizio
Published: June 2022

The hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been carried out either under single (aqueous) phase or batch multiphase (MP) conditions using mutually immiscible aqueous/hydrocarbon phases, 5 % Ru/C as a catalyst, and both with and without the use of trioctylmethyl phosphonium bis‐(trifluoro methane) sulfonimide ([P8881][NTf2]) as an ionic liquid (IL). Alternatively, the hydrogenation of HMF was explored in the continuous‐flow (CF) mode with the same catalyst. By changing reaction parameters, experiments were optimized towards the formation of three products: 2,5‐bis(hydroxy methyl)furan (BHMF), 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (BHMTHF), and 1‐hydroxyhexane‐2,5‐dione (HHD), which were obtained in up to 92, 90, and 99 % selectivity, respectively, at quantitative conversion. In particular, the single (aqueous) phase reaction of HMF (0.2 m) carried out for 18 h at 60 °C under 30 bar of H2, allowed the exclusive synthesis of BHMF from the partial (carbonyl) hydrogenation of HMF, while the MP reaction run at a higher T and p (100 °C and 50 bar) proved excellent to achieve only HHD derived from a sequence of hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis. It is worth noting that under MP conditions, the catalyst was perfectly segregated in the IL, where it could be recycled without any leaching in the aqueous/hydrocarbon phases. Finally, the hydrogenation of HMF was explored in a H‐Cube® flow reactor in the presence of different solvents, such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, and ethanol. At 100 °C, 50 bar H2, and a flow rate of 0.1 mL min−1, the process was optimized towards the formation of the full hydrogenation product BHMTHF. Ethyl acetate proved the best solvent.
The difference between cystatin C‐ and creatinine‐based assessment of kidney function in acute heart failure
Authors: Pinsino Alberto , Fabbri Matteo , Braghieri Lorenzo , Bohn Bruno , Gaudig Antonia J. , Kim Andrea , Takeda Koji , Naka Yoshifumi , Sayer Gabriel T. , Uriel Nir , Demmer Ryan T. , Faillace Robert T. , Husain Syed A. , Mohan Sumit , Colombo Paolo C. , Yuzefpolskaya Melana
Published: June 2022

Aims

Acute heart failure (HF) is associated with muscle mass loss, potentially leading to overestimation of kidney function using serum creatinine‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRsCr). Cystatin C‐based eGFR (eGFRCysC) is less muscle mass dependent. Changes in the difference between eGFRCysC and eGFRsCr may reflect muscle mass loss. We investigated the difference between eGFRCysC and eGFRsCr and its association with clinical outcomes in acute HF patients.

Methods and results

A post hoc analysis was performed in 841 patients enrolled in three trials: Diuretic Optimization Strategy Evaluation (DOSE), Renal Optimization Strategies Evaluation (ROSE), and Cardiorenal Rescue Study in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (CARRESS‐HF). Intra‐individual differences between eGFRs (eGFRdiff) were calculated as eGFRCysC–eGFRsCr at serial time points during HF admission. We investigated associations of (i) change in eGFRdiff between baseline and day 3 or 4 with readmission‐free survival up to day 60; (ii) index hospitalization length of stay (LOS) and readmission with eGFRdiff at day 60. eGFRCysC reclassified 40% of samples to more advanced kidney dysfunction. Median eGFRdiff was −4 [−11 to 1.5] mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline, became more negative during admission and remained significantly different at day 60. The change in eGFRdiff between baseline and day 3 or 4 was associated with readmission‐free survival (adjusted hazard ratio per standard deviation decrease in eGFRdiff: 1.14, P = 0.035). Longer index hospitalization LOS and readmission were associated with more negative eGFRdiff at day 60 (both P ≤ 0.026 in adjusted models).

Conclusions

In acute HF, a marked difference between eGFRCysC and eGFRsCr is present at baseline, becomes more pronounced during hospitalization, and is sustained at 60 day follow‐up. The change in eGFRdiff during HF admission and eGFRdiff at day 60 are associated with clinical outcomes.
Acid‐Stable Nucleobase Protection for a Strongly Pairing Pyridone C‐Nucleoside Suitable for Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Oligonucleotides
Authors: Eyberg Juri , Göhringer Daniela , Salihovic Amila , Richert Clemens
Published: June 2022

Oligonucleotides are indispensable tools in diagnostics, therapeutic applications and molecular biology. The low base pairing strength of thymine with adenine complicates their use. EthynylpyridoneC‐nucleosides are analogs of thymidine that pair more strongly and with improved base selectivity, and sequences containing these analogs show improved target affinity and selectivity, but their routine use is hampered by diminished yields of solid‐phase syntheses with the known building blocks. A partial loss of base protecting groups during the acidic deblocking step of chain extension cycles was identified as the cause of lower yields. Here we report the synthesis of an improved phosphoramidite building block featuring a pivaloyloxymethyl (POM) base protecting group. This building block gives oligonucleotides containing the strongly pairing ethynylmethylpyridoneC‐nucleoside in high yield and purity via solid‐phase synthesis.
RREB1::MRTFB fusion‐positive extra‐glossal mesenchymal neoplasms: A series of five cases expanding their anatomic distribution and highlighting significant morphological and phenotypic diversity
Authors: Agaimy Abbas , Din Nasir Ud , Dermawan Josephine K. , Haller Florian , Melzer Katja , Denz Axel , Baumhoer Daniel , Stoehr Robert , Grützmann Robert , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: June 2022

The RREB1::MRTFB (former RREB1::MKL2) fusion characterizes ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumors (EMCMT) of the tongue. Only five molecularly confirmed extra‐glossal EMCMT cases have been reported recently; all occurring at head and neck or mediastinal sites. We herein describe five new cases including the first two extracranial/extrathoracic cases. The tumors occurred in three male and two female patients with an age ranging from 18 to 61 years (median, 28). Three tumors were located in the head and neck (jaw, parapharyngeal space, and nasopharyngeal wall) and two in the soft tissue (inguinal and presacral). The tumor size ranged from 3.3 to 20 cm (median, 7). Treatment was surgical without adjuvant treatment in all cases. Two cases were disease‐free at 5 and 17 months; other cases were lost to follow‐up. Histologically, the soft tissue cases shared a predominant fibromyxoid appearance, but with variable cytoarchitectural pattern (cellular perineurioma‐like whorls and storiform pattern in one case and large polygonal granular cells embedded within a chondromyxoid stroma in the other). Two tumors (inguinal and parapharyngeal) showed spindled to ovoid and round cells with a moderately to highly cellular nondescript pattern. One sinonasal tumor closely mimicked nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma (NCMH). Mitotic activity was low (0–5 mitoses/10 hpfs). Immunohistochemical findings were heterogeneous with variable expression of S100 (2/5), EMA (2/3), CD34 (1/4), desmin (1/4), and GFAP (1/3). Targeted RNA sequencing revealed the same RREB1::MRTFB fusion in all cases, with exon 8 of RREB1 being fused to exon 11 of MRTFB. This study expands the topographic spectrum of RREB1::MRTFB fusion‐positive mesenchymal neoplasms, highlighting a significant morphological and phenotypic diversity. Overall, RREB1::MRTFB‐rearranged neoplasms seem to fall into two subcategories: tumors with lobulated, chondroid, or myxochondroid epithelioid morphology (Cases 2 and 3) and those with more undifferentiated hypercellular spindle cell phenotype (Cases 1, 4, and 5). Involvement of extracranial/extrathoracic sites and the NCMH‐like pattern are novel. The biology of these likely indolent or benign tumors remains to be verified in the future.
Green and efficient synthesis of pine sterol oleate catalyzed by SO3H‐functionalized ionic liquid
Authors: Shi Honggang , Li Shan , Liu Jialin , Wang Shushu , Xu Huajin , Hu Yi
Published: June 2022

Background

Phytosterol esters can be used in the food industry because of their various physiological activities and better physical properties compared to free phytosterols. However, existing synthetic methods for phytosterol esters tend to have the problems of environment unfriendliness, excessive by‐products, and difficulty in product separation and purification. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a green and efficient synthetic process for phytosterol esters.

Results

The catalytic properties of various SO3H‐functionalized ionic liquids for the synthesis of pine sterol oleate were investigated, and [BSO3HMIm]Ts showed the best catalytic effect and reaction selectivity. Under the optimized reaction conditions: using 7% of [BSO3HMIm]Ts (based on the mass of pine sterols) as the catalyst, the molar ratio of oleic acid to pine sterols 2:1, reaction at 140 °C for 2.5 h, the yield of pine sterol oleate could reach 93.9%, while only 4.2% of dehydrated sterols by‐products could be produced. Furthermore, the esterification yield could still reach 85.0% after the catalyst [BSO3HMIm]Ts was reused six times under the optimal conditions.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that SO3H‐functionalized ionic liquid [BSO3HMIm]Ts has higher catalytic activity and selectivity than many reported chemical catalysts in the synthesis of phytosterol esters. A green, efficient, and scalable procedure for the esterification of phytosterols with fatty acids in a solvent‐free system has been developed. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).