bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic effect of comorbidities in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Ono Takaaki , Takahashi Naoto , Kizaki Masahiro , Kawaguchi Tatsuya , Suzuki Ritsuro , Yamamoto Kazuhito , Ohnishi Kazunori , Naoe Tomoki , Matsumura Itaru
Published: July 2020

Comorbidities at diagnosis among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML‐CP) may affect their overall survival (OS) rate even in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) era. However, the prognostic impact of comorbidities in patients with CML‐CP treated with a second‐generation TKI (2GTKI) has not been elucidated. We evaluated the effect of comorbidities on survival using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) in patients with CML‐CP treated with imatinib or a 2GTKI (nilotinib and dasatinib). From April 2010 to March 2013, 506 patients with CML‐CP were registered for the population‐based cohort study, and 452 with a median age of 56 y were assessable. Treatment groups included 139 patients receiving imatinib, 169 receiving nilotinib, and 144 receiving dasatinib. Comorbidities were diagnosed in 99 patients. CCI scores were stratified as follows: 2, 353 patients; 3, 72 patients; and ≥4, 27 patients. Treatment response did not vary relative to CCI scores. However, across the entire cohort, the OS rate was significantly lower among patients with higher CCI scores than in those with a CCI score of 2 (94.4% in score 2, 89.0% in score 3, and 72.8% in score ≥4; P < .001). Multivariate analysis identified a CCI score of ≥4 as a strong adverse prognostic factor for OS rather than the disease‐specific risk factor, older age, performance status, or selection of TKI (Wald test, P < .01). Our results demonstrated that comorbidities at diagnosis were the most important predictive factor for successful treatment, regardless of the TKI type used in CML‐CP. This trial was registered at UMIN‐CTR as 00003581.
Portfolios of Social Protection, Labour Mobility and the Rise of Life Insurance in Rural Central Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Minh T.N.
Published: July 2020

Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2018–19, this article analyses the changing composition of social protection on the ground in rural central Vietnam, including the recent spread of private life insurance among peasant families. The author uses the concept of portfolios of social protection to denote the emergence of an eclectic mix of measures to manage risks and to prepare for the future in the context of intensified perceptions of risks and the increasing privatization of care. Almost unheard of in this region just a few decades ago, private life insurance has come to be taken for granted by local people, many of whom are involved in precarious trajectories of transnational labour mobility. Underlying the rise of private life insurance in these rural communities is an uncertain process in which new prudentialist rationalities are domesticated into locally meaningful ideas of risk and care. In the context of hypermobility, such mutual entanglement makes it possible for global finance to turn the countryside into a new frontier. The article extends the Polanyian notion of double movement by showing the tendency of social protection to be reincorporated into the realm of the market.
Non‐vitamin K vs vitamin K oral anticoagulants in patients aged > 80 year with atrial fibrillation and low body weight
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Attena Emilio , Di Maio Marco , Carbone Andreina , Parisi Valentina , Rago Anna , Grieco Fabrizio Vincenzo , Buonauro Agostino , Golino Paolo , Nigro Gerardo
Published: July 2020

Background

Octogenarian patients are at high risk of both ischaemic and bleeding events, and the low body weight is considered a risk factor for major bleeding in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients on anticoagulation therapy. The aim of our study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of NOACs versus well‐controlled VKA therapy among patients aged > 80 year with AF and low body weight in real‐life setting.

Methods

Data for this study were sourced from the multicenter prospectively maintained Atrial Fibrillation Research Database (NCT03760874). From this, we selected AF patients aged ≥ 80 years and weighted ≤ 60 kg who received NOACs or VKAs treatment (only those with a time in therapeutic range > 70%). 279 patients (136 in NOAC group and 143 in VKA group) were selected.

Results

A total of 71 patients (17 in NOAC vs 54 in VKA group) died during the follow‐up. The incidence rate of all‐cause mortality was 27.70 per 100 person‐years (14.91 in NOAC vs 37.94 in VKA group, adjusted hazard ratio 0.43; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.975; P = .003). 22 patients (9 in NOAC vs 13 in VKA group, P = .6) had major bleeding events. Diabetes mellitus, COPD and age resulted positively associated with death, whereas NOACs, parossistic AF and weight negatively associated with mortality.

Conclusions

Our real‐world data might suggest the safe and efficacy use of NOACs in this setting of population, justified by a reduction in overall mortality over VKAs. Further studies are needed to confirm these data.
Interspecific competition constrains local abundance in highly suitable areas
Authors: Braz Alan Gerhardt , de Viveiros Grelle Carlos Eduardo , de Souza Lima Figueiredo Marcos , Weber Marcelo de Moraes
Published: July 2020

Sites with high environmental suitability for species’ occurrence, in terms of abiotic conditions, may hold populations with higher local abundances by increasing reproductive and survival rates and decreasing extinction rate. Interspecific competition, however, may affect this relationship. Here we tested the hypothesis that local abundance of the gray slender opossumMarmosops incanusis affected by the local richness of potential competitors and environmental suitability derived from ecological niche models (ENMs). We also discuss the ability of distinct modelling methods to predict species’ abundance. We compiled occurrence records and information aboutM. incanus’ relative abundance from museums and published articles. Environmental suitability was derived from five algorithms using seven environmental predictors. To assess our hypothesis, we chose the best statistical models among generalised linear models and quantile regressions, and then tested whether the effects of richness of competitors on local abundance are stronger under highly suitable conditions. We found that environmental suitability given by presence‐only methods are positively related to the maximum abundance ofM. incanus. That is, species’ local abundance is low when suitability is low but can be either low or high when suitability is high. The richness of competitors, in turn, explains the abundance variation within sites with high environmental suitability. We strongly recommend that the relationship between abundance and suitability must be carefully interpreted when using ENMs to predict species’ distribution because biotic interactions can be the main driver of local abundance within highly suitable environments.
Shadow education in the service of tiger parenting: Strategies used by middle‐class families in China
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: July 2020

Parents in many cultures invest significant proportions of household incomes in the so‐called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. Parts of the literature attribute intensive tutoring to East Asian cultural traditions and to so‐called tiger parenting. Based on a mixed‐methods study in Shanghai, this article examines tiger parenting through a socio‐economic lens to show the roles of shadow education in achieving parental goals. The study shows that tiger parenting is most evident in middle‐class families. In order to transmit or increase social advantages inter‐generationally, such parents use private tutoring to prepare their children for successful academic trajectories in mainstream education. The strategy is driven by anxieties related to social status in the rapidly changing risk economy. Shadow education has provided parents with new means to increase family cultural capital which not only facilitates school performance but also reinforces class dispositions. The study highlights the importance of understanding tiger parenting in the culture of class, in addition to other cultural factors. It challenges the simplistic attribution of tiger parenting to Confucianism by revealing dimensions that run counter to the Confucian conception and tradition of parenting. It also extends the conceptualization of family cultural capital by unpacking the processes of tutoring as externalized parenting in the era of global expansion of shadow education.
Deep phenotyping of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 2 by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Giacomucci G. , Monforte M. , Diaz‐Manera J. , Mul K. , Fernandez Torrón R. , Maggi L. , Marini Bettolo C. , Dahlqvist J. R. , Haberlova J. , Camaño P. , Gros M. , Tartaglione T. , Cristiano L. , Gerevini S. , Calandra P. , Deidda G. , Giardina E. , Sacconi S. , Straub V. , Vissing J. , Van Engelen B. , Ricci E. , Tasca G.
Published: July 2020

Background and purpose

The aim was to define the radiological picture of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 2 (FSHD2) in comparison with FSHD1 and to explore correlations between imaging and clinical/molecular data.

Methods

Upper girdle and/or lower limb muscle magnetic resonance imaging scans of 34 molecularly confirmed FSHD2 patients from nine European neuromuscular centres were analysed. T1‐weighted and short‐tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences were used to evaluate the global pattern and to assess the extent of fatty replacement and muscle oedema.

Results

The most frequently affected muscles were obliquus and transversus abdominis, semimembranosus, soleus and gluteus minimus in the lower limbs; trapezius, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major in the upper girdle. Iliopsoas, popliteus, obturator internus and tibialis posterior in the lower limbs and subscapularis, spinati, sternocleidomastoid and levator scapulae in the upper girdle were the most spared. Asymmetry and STIR hyperintensities were consistent features. The pattern of muscle involvement was similar to that of FSHD1, and the combined involvement of trapezius, abdominal and hamstring muscles, together with complete sparing of iliopsoas and subscapularis, was detected in 91% of patients. Peculiar differences were identified in a rostro‐caudal gradient, a predominant involvement of lower limb muscles compared to the upper girdle, and in the higher percentage of STIR hyperintensities in FSHD2.

Conclusion

This multicentre study defines the pattern of muscle involvement in FSHD2, providing useful information for diagnostics and clinical trial design. Both similarities and differences between FSHD1 and FSHD2 were detected, which is also relevant to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the FSHD‐related disease spectrum.
THE EVENTISATION OF ANNIVERSARY ACTIVITY: INVESTING IN 1989
Authors: Saunders Anna
Published: July 2020

This article traces the development of anniversary activity marking the fall of the Berlin Wall and the ‘peaceful revolution’ of 1989 in Berlin, through a focus on the official procedures and routines of significant anniversary years. It argues that the date is undergoing a process of ‘eventisation’, driven in part by an ‘attention economy’, in which embodied performances and rituals are developed, and participants are increasingly assimilated as ‘prosumers’. In particular, three central elements are analysed: first, the role of different mise‐en‐scènes, second, the significance of shifting narratives, and third, the growth of emotional engagement. The article argues that a celebratory anniversary tradition is now developing alongside Germany's predominantly cathartic dialogue with the past, and that the emerging routine around 9 November represents a new type of cultural performance, which brings together narratives of victimhood with those of jubilation. It also demonstrates that the built environment proves central to the messages that are conveyed, as the cityscape, its broader history, and its newly emerging sites of memory not only act as the backdrop to events, but significantly also shape the resulting rituals and narratives.
Toll‐like receptor 2 activation induces C–C chemokine receptor 2‐dependent natural killer cell recruitment to the peritoneum
Authors: Haidl Ian D , Meghnem Dihia , Issekutz Thomas B , Marshall Jean S
Published: July 2020

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate effector cells with critical roles not only in tumor immunosurveillance and viral immunity, but also in bacterial and fungal infections. Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) can be important in the early and sustained immune responses to pathogens and tumors through the induction of cytokines and chemokines that recruit and activate immune effector cells. We investigated the role of TLR2 activation in NK cell recruitment with a view to informing approaches to induce or regulate peritoneal NK cell responses therapeutically. Peritoneal injection of TLR2 activators, including peptidoglycan and the lipopeptides FSL‐1 and Pam3CSK4, resulted in NK cell recruitment after 16 h with increased NK cell numbers maintained for 48 h. TLR2 activators induced large amounts of CCR2 ligands, but much smaller amounts of CCR5 and CXCR3 ligands. Consistent with this observation, NK cell migration was abrogated in CCR2‐deficient mice after peritoneal FSL‐1 injection. Adoptive transfer of CCR2‐deficient NK cells prior to peritoneal FSL‐1 activation confirmed a cell‐intrinsic component of CCR2‐mediated NK cell migration. TLR2 activation did not induce an activated NK cell phenotype, but significant changes included an increase in the KLRG1+ subset and decreased NKG2D expression. Although not activated in vivo, peritoneal NK cells could be activated by interleukin (IL)‐12 and IL‐18 ex vivo to express CD69 and interferonγ. These data demonstrate that TLR2‐mediated immune activation is a potent inducer of NK cell recruitment via a CCR2‐dependent mechanism and that NK cells recruited by this mechanism can respond to additional signals to exert effector cell functions.
Nodakenin alleviated obstructive nephropathy through blunting Snail1 induced fibrosis
Authors: Li Jianchun , Wang Lu , Tan Ruizhi , zhao Sha , Zhong Xia , Wang Li
Published: July 2020

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis plays an important role in end‐stage renal failure, and there are only limited therapeutic options available to preserve organ function. In the present study, we identified that nodakenin, a coumarin isolated from the roots of Angelicae gigas, functions effectively against unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)‐induced fibrosis via down‐regulating Snail1 expression. We established UUO‐induced renal fibrosis in mice and then administered with nodakenin orally ata a dose of 1 and 10 mg/kg. The in‐vivo results indicated that nodakenin protected obstructive nephropathy through its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic properties. Nodakenin prevented the infiltration of inflammatory cells, alleviated the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, reduced the polarization of macrophages and down‐regulating the aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix at the site of injury. Of note, nodakenin dramatically impeded Smad3, NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation and Snail1 expression. In line with in vivo studies, nodakenin suppressed the expression of Snail1, Smad3 phosphorylation and fibrogenesis in TGF‐β1‐treated renal epithelial cells in‐vitro. Furthermore, we found that the effect of nodaknin against fibrosis was reversed in Snail1 overexpressing cells, whereas nodakenin could not further reduce expression of fibrogenesis in Snail1 silenced cells, suggesting that nodaknein may function through a Snail1‐dependent manner. Collectively, this study reveal a critical role of nodakenin in the cure of renal fibrosis.
Nursing student–patient relationship and related factors—A self‐assessment by nursing students
Authors: Suikkala Arja , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Katajisto Jouko , Koskinen Sanna
Published: July 2020

Aims and objectives

To describe the nursing student–patient relationship in terms of three types of relationships—mechanistic, authoritative and facilitative—and analyse the factors related to the type of relationship.

Background

As future professionals, nursing students have a central role in facilitating patient autonomy while working in partnership with patients. Supporting student–patient relationship throughout the nursing education may result in positive outcomes for both students and patients.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

The data were collected from a convenience sample of Finnish nursing students using a structured web survey. Statistical data analysis was performed using chi‐square test, two‐sample t test, one‐way analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regression. The STROBE Statement — Checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used (Appendix S1).

Results

Students most often assessed their relationship with the patients as facilitative, followed by authoritative and mechanistic relationships. The results revealed three predictors for facilitative relationship: students’ older age, long enough contact time with the patient and higher competence in ensuring quality. In authoritative and facilitative relationships, students had significantly more positive perceptions of the contextual factors and consequences of the relationship and higher ratings of self‐assessed competence levels than students in a mechanistic relationship.

Conclusions

It seems that the facilitative student–patient relationship is connected to the professional competence of nursing students, especially in the area of ensuring the quality of patient care. Therefore, sustaining clinical learning environments and pedagogical approaches that value and support facilitative relationships in students’ clinical learning should be enhanced.

Relevance to clinical practice

Efforts aimed at contributing to facilitative student–patient relationships have a crucial role in shaping students’ competency and in promoting high‐quality patient care. Thus, supervision of students organised around establishing mutual student–patient relationships with the preceptors acting as facilitators will benefit both students and patients.
The Influence of Close Ties on Depression: Does Network Religiosity Matter?
Authors: Upenieks Laura
Published: July 2020

Despite a growing body of the literature on how features of social networks influence well‐being, we know little of how the religiosity of social networks matter. This study addresses three types of religious social network ties and their association with mental health: same (non)‐religious ties, religious discussion ties, and ties offering prayers on an individual's behalf. Using ego‐centric network data from the 2006 Portraits of American Life Study (N= 2,223), multivariate regression results suggest that a greater number of ties that discuss religion and pray for the respondent are detrimental to the mental health of those of a low religious salience. Taken together, this study demonstrates that religious dimensions of social networks exact an important influence on mental health and highlights the importance of identifying specific features of religion among core network ties.
Peripheral inflammation exacerbates α‐synuclein toxicity and neuropathology in Parkinson's models
Authors: La Vitola P. , Balducci C. , Baroni M. , Artioli L. , Santamaria G. , Castiglioni M. , Cerovic M. , Colombo L. , Caldinelli L. , Pollegioni L. , Forloni G.
Published: July 2020

Aims

Parkinson’s disease and related disorders are devastating neurodegenerative pathologies. Since α‐synuclein was identified as a main component of Lewy bodies and neurites, efforts have been made to clarify the pathogenic mechanisms of α‐synuclein's detrimental effects. α‐synuclein oligomers are the most harmful species and may recruit and activate glial cells. Inflammation is emerging as a bridge between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors co‐fostering Parkinson’s disease. However, direct evidence linking inflammation to the harmful activities of α‐synuclein oligomers or to the Parkinson’s disease behavioural phenotype is lacking.

Methods

To clarify whether neuroinflammation influences Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis, we developed: (i) a ‘double‐hit’ approach in C57BL/6 naive mice where peripherally administered lipopolysaccharides were followed by intracerebroventricular injection of an inactive oligomer dose; (ii) a transgenic ‘double‐hit’ model where lipopolysaccharides were given to A53T α‐synuclein transgenic Parkinson’s disease mice.

Results

Lipopolysaccharides induced a long‐lasting neuroinflammatory response which facilitated the detrimental cognitive activities of oligomers. LPS‐activated microglia and astrocytes responded differently to the oligomers with microglia activating further and acquiring a pro‐inflammatory M1 phenotype, while astrocytes atrophied. In the transgenic ‘double‐hit’ A53T mouse model, lipopolysaccharides aggravated cognitive deficits and increased microgliosis. Again, astrocytes responded differently to the double challenge. These findings indicate that peripherally induced neuroinflammation potentiates the α‐synuclein oligomer’s actions and aggravates cognitive deficits in A53T mice.

Conclusions

The fine management of both peripheral and central inflammation may offer a promising therapeutic approach to prevent or slow down some behavioural aspects in α‐synucleinopathies.
Losing touch
Authors: Nist Marliese Dion , Harrison Tondi M. , Tate Judith , Robinson Audrey , Balas Michele , Pickler Rita H.
Published: July 2020

The need for human touch is universal among critical care patients and is an important component of the nurse–patient relationship. However, multiple barriers to human touch exist in the critical care environment. With little research to guide practice, we argue for the importance of human touch in the provision of holistic nursing care.
Towards the flower economics spectrum
Authors: Roddy Adam B. , Martínez‐Perez Cecilia , Teixido Alberto L. , Cornelissen Tatiana G. , Olson Mark E. , Oliveira Rafael S. , Silveira Fernando A. O.
Published: July 2020

Understanding how floral traits affect reproduction is key for understanding genetic diversity, speciation, and trait evolution in the face of global changes and pollinator decline. However, there has not yet been a unified framework to characterize the major trade‐offs and axes of floral trait variation. Here, we propose the development of a floral economics spectrum (FES) that incorporates the multiple pathways by which floral traits can be shaped by multiple agents of selection acting on multiple flower functions. For example, while pollinator‐mediated selection has been considered the primary factor affecting flower evolution, selection by nonpollinator agents can reinforce or oppose pollinator selection, and, therefore, affect floral trait variation. In addition to pollinators, the FES should consider nonpollinator biotic agents and floral physiological costs, broadening the drivers of floral traits beyond pollinators. We discuss how coordinated evolution and trade‐offs among floral traits and between floral and vegetative traits may influence the distribution of floral traits across biomes and lineages, thereby influencing organismal evolution and community assembly.
Socio‐economic inequalities in the effectiveness of workplace health promotion programmes on body mass index: An individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Robroek Suzan J.W. , Oude Hengel Karen M. , van der Beek Allard J. , Boot Cécile R.L. , van Lenthe Frank J. , Burdorf Alex , Coenen Pieter
Published: July 2020

This individual participant data meta‐analysis assessed the effectiveness of workplace health promotion programmes on body mass index (BMI) across socio‐economic groups and whether study and intervention characteristics explained inequalities in effectiveness. Studies were eligible if they assessed the effect of a workplace health promotion programme on BMI in the Netherlands, included workers of at least two different socio‐economic positions (SEPs) and had a study design with premeasurement and postmeasurement and control condition. Data of 13 studies presenting 16 interventions (5183 participants) were harmonized. In a two‐stage meta‐analysis, the interaction between intervention and SEP on BMI was tested with linear mixed models for each study. Subsequently, the interaction terms were pooled. The influence of study and intervention characteristics on the effectiveness of workplace health promotion programmes was evaluated using meta‐regression analyses. Compared with control conditions, workplace health promotion programmes overall showed a statistically non‐significant 0.12 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.01, 0.25) decrease in BMI, which did not differ across SEP. Interventions evaluated within randomized controlled trials, agentic interventions, those that focused on high‐risk groups, included a counselling component, consisted of more than five sessions, or were offered at the individual level did statistically significantly reduce BMI. No evidence was found for intervention‐generated SEP inequalities.
LAND MANAGEMENT AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF TERRACES FOR DRY FARMING: THE CASE OF THE SOREQ CATCHMENT, ISRAEL
Authors: Elgart‐Sharon Yelena , Porat Naomi , Gadot Yuval
Published: July 2020

The construction of terrace walls for dry farming in the highlands of the Levant was traditionally associated with demographic growth that caused pressure on available land for cultivation. In this paper we suggest an alternative model and claim that terraces were adopted as a subsistence strategy at periods when land ownership was centralized in the hands of either powerful landowners or managed through complex family‐based cooperation like the Musha system of the Late Antiquity period. This claim is based both on the study of land use and settlement patterns within the Upper Nahal Soreq, north‐west of Jerusalem, where close to 350 excavated or surveyed sites of all kinds were catalogued and mapped, and on the results of an OSL dating project that directly dated the construction of terrace walls for dry farming in the highlands of Jerusalem in general and at the Upper Nahal Soreq catchment in particular.
Severe modifications in source‐sink ratio influence the susceptibility of bananas to crown rot and its phenolics content
Authors: Ewané Cecile A. , Nott Katherine , Lassois Ludivine , Lepoivre Philippe , de Lapeyre de Bellaire Luc
Published: July 2020

Banana susceptibility to crown rot is influenced by many biotic and abiotic preharvest factors, which include source‐sink (So‐Si) ratio modifications through trimming of leaves and fruit. Banana plant's resistance to biotic stress has been previously correlated to its phenolic content; it is hypothesized that the crown's phenolic content may influence the fruit's susceptibility. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of severe So‐Si ratio modifications, via the removal of leaves and fruit, and the involvement of phenolics in the fruit's susceptibility to crown rot. Fruit susceptibility was evaluated 13 days postinoculation (13 dpi) with Colletotrichum musae. Banana crowns obtained on the day of harvest before inoculation (dhbi) and 13 dpi were analysed for changes in phenolics using GC‐MS, HPLC, and LC‐MS devices. Severe So‐Si ratio modifications had a significant effect (p <.001) on susceptibility, fruits of low So‐Si ratio being most susceptible. It also significantly influenced (p < .001) some tree and fruit characteristics. The less susceptible (S−) crowns had higher amounts of phenolics compared to the more susceptible (S+) ones. Catecholamines were identified as the major phenolics in banana crown, notably dopamine compared to norepinephrine and normetanephrine. Hydroxycinnamic acids (ferulic acid and its derivatives) were significantly accumulated (p <.001) the dhbi in S− crowns compared to S+ crowns, but decreased 13 dpi. Phenolics have a possible role in the biochemical defence of banana crown and could be used by producers as a chemical criterion for estimation of the level of banana's susceptibility to crown rot.
Cigarette smoke attenuates p300‐mediated Nrf2 acetylation in macrophages: Is stabilizing Nrf2 enough to halt COPD progression?
Authors: Nakamura Nobuhiro
Published: July 2020

See related article
Integrability, existence of global solutions, and wave breaking criteria for a generalization of the Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: da Silva Priscila Leal , Freire Igor Leite
Published: July 2020

Recent generalizations of the Camassa–Holm equation are studied from the point of view of existence of global solutions, criteria for wave breaking phenomena and integrability. We provide conditions, based on lower bounds for the first spatial derivative of local solutions, for global well‐posedness in Sobolev spaces for the family under consideration. Moreover, we prove that wave breaking phenomena occurs under certain mild hypothesis. Based on the machinery developed by Dubrovin [Commun. Math. Phys. 267, 117–139 (2006)] regarding bi‐Hamiltonian deformations, we introduce the notion of quasi‐integrability and prove that there exists a unique bi‐Hamiltonian structure for the equation only when it is reduced to the Dullin–Gotwald–Holm equation. Our results suggest that a recent shallow water model incorporating Coriollis effects is integrable only in specific situations. Finally, to finish the scheme of geometric integrability of the family of equations initiated in a previous work, we prove that the Dullin–Gotwald–Holm equation describes pseudo‐spherical surfaces.
The intergenerational transmission of income mobility between mothers and their young adult daughters: The mediating role of their daughters' educational attainment
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Allen Jennifer
Published: July 2020

This study examines whether the daughters' educational attainment mediates the intergenerational transmission of economic mobility between mothers and their young adult daughters. To create mother–daughter dyads, two data sets were combined: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 for Children and Young Adults (NLSY79 CY). A total of 2,456 dyads were included for analysis. We used a mediation model to explore the relationship between mothers' income and their young adult daughters' income. Mothers' income was associated with their young adult daughters' educational attainment and income. The mediation model indicated partial mediation of the relationship between mothers' income and their young adult daughters' income via their young adult daughters' educational attainment. Addressing issues of income inequality among mothers may serve as a buffer against the low upward mobility across generations for their young adult daughters raised by low‐income mothers. It is imperative to provide programs and financial assistance for mothers to bolster their income and thereby their daughters' educational attainment and income in young adulthood and therefore improve economic mobility from mothers to daughters.
Mechano‐vibrational spectroscopy of skin: Are changes in collagen and vascular tissue components early signs of basal cell carcinoma formation?
Authors: Silver Frederick H. , Deshmukh Tanmay , Benedetto Dominick , Kelkar Nikita
Published: July 2020

Background

The modulus and resonant frequency of cancer cells and extracellular matrix are increased in both basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, and in addition, the collagen stiffness is increased. The organization of the extracellular matrix surrounding cancer cells is clearly different than the extracellular matrix that is seen in normal skin.

Materials and Methods

We have used vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT) to measure the resonant frequency and stiffness of collagen, vascular, and reorganized fibrous extracellular matrix components. Measurements of vessels and fibrotic collagen content made on basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are compared to similar measurements made on normal skin from different anatomical locations.

Results

Lesions with basal cell carcinomas exhibit characteristic resonant frequencies and moduli of reorganized extracellular matrix characteristic of fibrotic tissue. Cancerous lesions are characterized by dermal collagen (100 Hz), vascular (150 Hz), and fibrotic peaks (200‐230 Hz). The fibrotic peak is not found in areas of normal skin.

Conclusions

Based on this pilot study, it is hypothesized inflammation may promote precancerous lesion formation in the surrounding extracellular matrix. Measurement of the increases in vaculature and fibrotic content may be useful in early detection of BCCs.
How to Save the World Management of the Banking System?
Authors: Sylla Mamadou
Published: July 2020

The unprecedented subprime crisis, the deregulation of the market, bank credit and payment mechanisms have facilitated the spread of the risk to the whole of economy. This study examines the issue of the processes set up to save the management of the global banking system. To achieve our goal, we conducted a survey of the various techniques used by banks to prevent global financial crises. At the end of our study, we found that the banks while opting for different policies play the same role and are increasingly hard to avoid risk.
Cultural Rights Education between Use of Heritage and Alphabetical Skills
Authors: Nuzzaci Antonella
Published: July 2020

The contribution addresses the problem of the relationship between education for cultural rights, use of cultural heritage and the need for alphabetical skills, focusing on reflection on two elements, the processes of cultural democratization and literacy. The lack of cultural fruition by certain categories of individuals is interpreted in the contribution as a complex aspect of the multi-alphabetic processes, which does not end with the lack of “visit” to the sites and places of culture, but contains within itself the germs of the social and cultural exclusion. The article ends with the importance of activating concrete and incisive forms of education for cultural good based on awareness of use in order to stem the forms of “exclusion” at different levels, to strengthen the cultural profiles of the school population and not, to re-establish individual and social identity and to exercise active citizenship.
Finite Element Modeling of Hybrid Friction Diffusion Welding of Tube–Tubesheet Joints
Authors: Al-Badour Fadi
Published: July 2020

A three-dimensional thermo-mechanical finite element model (FEM) was developed and solved to study the feasibility of hybrid friction diffusion bonding (HFDB) technique for welding tube–tubesheet joints using Abaqus/explicit enviroment. Considering the process thermo-mechanical nature, temperature-dependent material properties and Johnson–Cook model were adopted. Two tube configurations were considered in the numerical study; zero projection (flush) and 3 mm projection (extended). For validation purposes, HFDB of tube–tubesheet was experimentally performed on a 19 mm (¾ in.) ASTM 179 cold-drawn carbon steel tube into ASTM A516-70 tubesheet, considering a flush tube configuration. The tool–workpiece temperature was measured using infrared camera, and produced joints were sectioned and examined under optical microscope. A good agreement was found between numericaly estimated temperatures and material deformation with experimentaly measured ones. According to the estimated results, spring back of tube was found to negatively affect the joint integrity. Also, contact stresses during processing phase were found less in the projected tube (extended) as compared to the flush one.
About the Influence of the Corrosion Defect Geometry on Repaired Pipes Stress Distribution
Authors: Lambrescu Ionut , Dinita Alin , Minescu Mihail
Published: July 2020

This paper proposes a new approach in dealing with volumetric surface defects (VSD) in pipelines. Using three-dimensional (3D) scanning and reverse engineering techniques, along with finite element analysis, we studied and evaluated comparatively the stress distributions in the defect area for different shapes and positions of the machined VSD, in order to find the best solution for the repairing process using composite materials. Our main conclusion is that instead of machining the VSD such as to generate a rectangular shaped machined defect, with edges parallel/perpendicular to the pipe axis, it is better to mold the VSD. Another possible solution would be to machine the real VSD such as to generate an inclined rectangle that circumscribes the defect. This paper also studies the influence of the machined defect filet radius to the bottom of the VSD.
Exploring a Women-Only Training Program for Coach Developers
Authors: Kraft Erin , Culver Diane M. , Din Cari
Published: July 2020

The following practice paper introduces an innovative women-only training program for coach developers in a Canadian provincial sport organization. The dearth of women in coaching and sport leadership positions informs the program as a whole and the participant perspectives on what is working, in practice, for them specifically in a way that could support future sport leaders interested in increasing gender equity in their sport organizations and leadership skills in their female leaders. The aims of the coach developer program are two-fold: to promote women in leadership and to create a social learning space for women to connect and support each other in their leadership development. The purpose of this practice paper is to discuss the supports that have enabled the facilitation of this program and to explore the value of a women-only training program. Two women (out of a total of 10) participating in the program and two leads facilitating the program were interviewed for their perspectives. The lessons learned touch on the types of value that were created (immediate, potential, and applied) and the specific supports (micro, meso, and macro) that enabled the facilitation of the program. Finally, the authors discuss additional considerations (e.g., consistent buy-in from the organization is needed) with practical insights in the hopes of inspiring other sport organizations to implement similar initiatives for promoting women in leadership and coaching in sport.
Filamentous active matter: Band formation, bending, buckling, and defects
Authors: Vliegenthart Gerard A. , Ravichandran Arvind , Ripoll Marisol , Auth Thorsten , Gompper Gerhard
Published: July 2020

Molecular motors connecting cytoskeletal filaments induce persistent motion of polar domains and formation of topological defects.
Cell type–differential modulation of prefrontal cortical GABAergic interneurons on low gamma rhythm and social interaction
Authors: Liu Ling , Xu Haifeng , Wang Jun , Li Jie , Tian Yuanyuan , Zheng Junqiang , He Miao , Xu Tian-Le , Wu Zhi-Ying , Li Xiao-Ming , Duan Shu-Min , Xu Han
Published: July 2020

Prefrontal cortical PV INs and SST INs differentially regulate low gamma rhythms and social interaction behavior.
The clonal repopulation of HSPC gene modified with anti–HIV-1 RNAi is not affected by preexisting HIV-1 infection
Authors: Suryawanshi Gajendra W. , Khamaikawin Wannisa , Wen Jing , Shimizu Saki , Arokium Hubert , Xie Yiming , Wang Eugene , Kim Shihyoung , Choi Hyewon , Zhang Chong , Yu Hannah , Presson Angela P. , Kim Namshin , An Dong-Sung , Chen Irvin S. Y. , Kim Sanggu
Published: July 2020

A novel approach enables a direct comparison of anti-HIV– and non–gene-modified stem-cell engraftment in an HIV-1–infected host.
Proteasomal degradation of the intrinsically disordered protein tau at single-residue resolution
Authors: Ukmar-Godec T. , Fang P. , Ibáñez de Opakua A. , Henneberg F. , Godec A. , Pan K.-T. , Cima-Omori M.-S. , Chari A. , Mandelkow E. , Urlaub H. , Zweckstetter M.
Published: July 2020

Dissecting the degradation of the Alzheimer’s disease–related protein Tau by the 20Sproteasome at single-residue resolution.
Realization of an intrinsic ferromagnetic topological state in MnBi
8
Te
13
Authors: Hu Chaowei , Ding Lei , Gordon Kyle N. , Ghosh Barun , Tien Hung-Ju , Li Haoxiang , Linn A. Garrison , Lien Shang-Wei , Huang Cheng-Yi , Mackey Scott , Liu Jinyu , Reddy P. V. Sreenivasa , Singh Bahadur , Agarwal Amit , Bansil Arun , Song Miao , Li Dongsheng , Xu Su-Yang , Lin Hsin , Cao Huibo , Chang Tay-Rong , Dessau Dan , Ni Ni
Published: July 2020

The discovery of an intrinsic ferromagnetic axion insulator MnB
i8
Te
13
paves the way for quantized magnetoelectric effect.
Switching the intracellular pathway and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of small interfering RNA by auroliposome
Authors: Hossen Md. Nazir , Wang Lin , Chinthalapally Harisha R. , Robertson Joe D. , Fung Kar-Ming , Wilhelm Stefan , Bieniasz Magdalena , Bhattacharya Resham , Mukherjee Priyabrata
Published: July 2020

Auroliposome represents a highly effective siRNA delivery platform for in vitro and in vivo application.
Shattering barriers toward clinically meaningful MSC therapies
Authors: Levy Oren , Kuai Rui , Siren Erika M. J. , Bhere Deepak , Milton Yuka , Nissar Nabeel , De Biasio Michael , Heinelt Martina , Reeve Brock , Abdi Reza , Alturki Meshael , Fallatah Mohanad , Almalik Abdulaziz , Alhasan Ali H. , Shah Khalid , Karp Jeffrey M.
Published: July 2020

To realize the potential of MSCs, bioengineering is needed to boost potency and control heterogeneity.
Architecture of the AP2/clathrin coat on the membranes of clathrin-coated vesicles
Authors: Kovtun Oleksiy , Dickson Veronica Kane , Kelly Bernard T. , Owen David J. , Briggs John A. G.
Published: July 2020

Cryo-electron tomography reveals the conformational changes and clathrin interactions of AP2 during coated vesicle assembly.
The structures of natively assembled clathrin-coated vesicles
Authors: Paraan Mohammadreza , Mendez Joshua , Sharum Savanna , Kurtin Danielle , He Huan , Stagg Scott M.
Published: July 2020

Distribution of adaptor proteins in clathrin-coated vesicles is not random.
Mapping functional humoral correlates of protection against malaria challenge following RTS,S/AS01 vaccination
Authors: Suscovich Todd J. , Fallon Jonathan K. , Das Jishnu , Demas Allison R. , Crain Jonathan , Linde Caitlyn H. , Michell Ashlin , Natarajan Harini , Arevalo Claudia , Broge Thomas , Linnekin Thomas , Kulkarni Viraj , Lu Richard , Slein Matthew D. , Luedemann Corinne , Marquette Meghan , March Sandra , Weiner Joshua , Gregory Scott , Coccia Margherita , Flores-Garcia Yevel , Zavala Fidel , Ackerman Margaret E. , Bergmann-Leitner Elke , Hendriks Jenny , Sadoff Jerald , Dutta Sheetij , Bhatia Sangeeta N. , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Jongert Erik , Wille-Reece Ulrike , Alter Galit
Published: July 2020

A combination of two Fc antibody features that leverage innate immune function predicts protection from malaria challenge after RTS,S/AS01 vaccination.
My Experience with SARS-CoV-2, with a Focus on Testing
Authors: Cotter Peggy A.
Published: July 2020

Testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) got off to a slow start in the United States. In this commentary, I describe my experience with CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a focus on being tested at the University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill Respiratory Diagnostic Center on its inaugural day.
Complete Genome Sequence of Vibrio coralliilyticus OCN008
Authors: Lydick Victoria N. , Rusch Douglas B. , Ushijima Blake , van Kessel Julia C.
Published: July 2020

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Vibrio coralliilyticus
OCN008, a marine bacterium that infects reef-building coral. Previous sequencing efforts yielded an incomplete sequence (210 contigs). We used Nanopore and Illumina sequencing data to obtain complete sequences of the two circular chromosomes (3.48 and 1.91 Mb) and one megaplasmid (244.69 kb).
Draft Genome Sequence of Leptospira interrogans Serovar Bataviae Strain D64, Isolated from the Urine of an Asymptomatic Dog in Pathum Thani, Thailand
Authors: Boonciew Pannawich , Kurilung Alongkorn , Altheimer Kerstin , Hartmann Katrin , Prapasarakul Nuvee
Published: July 2020

Leptospira interrogans
serovar Bataviae is one of the serovars that can infect dogs. We report the draft genome sequence of
Leptospira interrogans
serovar Bataviae strain D64, which was isolated from the urine of an asymptomatic dog in Pathum Thani, Thailand, in 2017.
Sixteen Draft Genome Sequences Representing the Genetic Diversity of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Colonizing Peanut Seeds in Ethiopia
Authors: Arias Renee S. , Mohammed Abdi , Orner Valerie A. , Faustinelli Paola C. , Lamb Marshall C. , Sobolev Victor S.
Published: July 2020

Draft genomes of 16 isolates of
Aspergillus flavus
Link and
Aspergillus parasiticus
Speare, identified as the predominant genotypes colonizing peanuts in four farming regions in Ethiopia, are reported. These data will allow mining for sequences that could be targeted by RNA interference to prevent aflatoxin accumulation in peanut seeds.
High probability of false-positive gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis during early pregnancy
Authors: Nakanishi Sayuri , Aoki Shigeru , Kasai Junko , Shindo Ryosuke , Obata Soichiro , Hasegawa Yoshimi , Mochimaru Aya , Miyagi Etsuko
Published: July 2020

Introduction

This study aimed to assess the validity of applying the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at any time during pregnancy.

Research design and methods

This multicenter cohort study was conducted at five Japanese facilities from January 2018 to April 2019. The study cohort included women at a high risk of GDM who met one or more of the following IADPSG criteria during early pregnancy: fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥92 mg/dL and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) value of ≥180 mg/dL at 1 hour, or ≥153 mg/dL at 2 hour (hereafter early-onset GDM). Women diagnosed with early-onset GDM were followed up without therapeutic intervention and underwent the 75 g OGTT again during 24–28 weeks of gestation. Those exhibiting the GDM patterns on the second 75 g OGTT were diagnosed with true GDM and treated, whereas those exhibiting the normal patterns were diagnosed with false positive early GDM and received no therapeutic intervention.

Results

Of the 146 women diagnosed with early-onset GDM, 69 (47%) had normal 75 g OGTT values at 24–28 weeks of gestation, indicating a false-positive result. FPG levels were significantly higher in the first 75 g-OGTT test than in the second 75 g-OGTT test (93 mg/dL and 87.5 mg/dL, respectively; p<0.001). FPG levels were high in 86 (59%) women with early-onset GDM during early pregnancy but in only 39 (27%) women during mid-pregnancy. Compared with false positive early GDM, true GDM was more frequently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions

Although women with early-onset GDM were followed up without treatment, the results of repeated 75 g OGTT during mid-pregnancy were normal in about 50%. Our data did not support the adoption of IADPSG thresholds for the diagnosis of GDM prior to 20 weeks of gestation.