bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Mortality Due to Stroke in South America between 1990 and 2019
Authors: Araujo Alexandre Castelo Branco , de Souza Orivaldo Florencio , de Alencar Filomena Euridice Carvalho , Kersanach Betina Bolina , Feitosa Victor Lopes , Mozzer Julia Silva Cesar , Brandão Vinicius Andreata , Roni Gabriel Marim , de Mello Monteiro Carlos Bandeira , de Abreu Luiz Carlos
Published: September 2024

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability in Latin America; however, few epidemiological studies have been conducted in South America. An observational study was conducted to analyze trends in stroke mortality in South American (SA) countries. Age-standardized mortality rates and proportional mortality due to stroke in the populations of SA countries between 1990 and 2019 were assessed by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Joinpoint regression models were employed to identify trends in the annual percentage change in mortality rates for each segment. Considering the data collected over the 30 years that were studied, the age-standardized stroke mortality trend decreased in Argentina (−1.6%), Uruguay (−0.6%), Brazil (−0.5%), Guyana (−0.5%), and Bolivia (−0.4%), while Venezuela (+1.6%) and Suriname (+1.0%) showed an increasing trend. The proportional stroke mortality trend decreased in Argentina (−1.7%), Paraguay (−0.9%), Uruguay (−0.7%), Guyana (−0.7%), Brazil (−0.5%), and Chile (−0.5%), whereas Bolivia (+1.0%), Suriname (+0.6%), and Peru (+0.4%) exhibited an increasing trend. The trends in stroke mortality between 1990 and 2019 demonstrated considerable variability. While most SA countries experienced significant decreases in stroke mortality trends, Venezuela and Suriname showed increases in age-standardized mortality rates, and Bolivia, Suriname, and Peru exhibited increases in proportional mortality rates. No decreasing stroke mortality trend was observed in the segment after the last joinpoint, highlighting the need for improvement in prevention and treatment.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling and Experiments of Two-Phase Flows
Authors: Nguyen Van-Tu , Sagar Hemant J.
Published: September 2024

Two-phase flows are prevalent in natural phenomena, as well as a wide range of marine engineering and industrial applications [...]
Utilization and Effect of Apple Pomace Powder on Quality Characteristics of Turkey Sausages
Authors: Koishybayeva Aigerim , Korzeniowska Malgorzata
Published: September 2024

The present study was conducted to develop turkey sausages by incorporating freeze-dried apple pomace (FDAP) at 3, 5, and 8% by replacing turkey breast meat. Three sausage formulations and the control of turkey sausages were subjected to physicochemical properties: proximate content, water-holding capacity (WHC), cooking yield, pH, color, textural parameters, antioxidant activity, and microbiological and sensory properties. The parameters were analyzed during storage from days 0 to 7. The addition of FDAP to turkey sausages resulted in a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in moisture and protein contents, whereas no significant difference was found in fat and ash contents. The increased incorporation of FDAP resulted in decreased pH, cooking loss, lightness, redness, and yellowness in turkey sausages, whereas an increase in total phenolic content, fiber content, ABTS, and DPPH values was observed. FDAP, as a low-cost source of valuable phenolic content, strongly inhibited microorganism growth during the storage of turkey sausages. The sensory scores of turkey sausages containing 3% FDAP for other sensory traits, such as flavor, texture, juiciness, tenderness, and overall acceptability, were comparable to those of the control. Scores for sensory attributes declined significantly with a further increase in FDAP in turkey sausages. It is concluded that turkey sausages with very good acceptability can be prepared by incorporating freeze-dried apple pomace each at a 3% level.
Exosomal Delivery Enhances the Antiproliferative Effects of Acid-Hydrolyzed Apiaceae Spice Extracts in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Scott Jared L. , Gupta Ramesh C. , Aqil Farrukh , Jeyabalan Jeyaprakash , Schultz David J.
Published: September 2024

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. The Apiaceae plant family includes many culinary spices that have been shown to have medicinal properties. Many phytochemicals exhibit potent bioactivities but often suffer from poor uptake and oral bioavailability. Bovine milk and colostrum exosomes are a compelling drug delivery platform that could address this issue; these natural nanoparticles can be loaded with hydrophilic and lipophilic small molecules and biologics, resulting in lower doses needed to inhibit cancer growth. Ethanolic extracts of eight Apiaceae spices were examined for phytochemical content and antiproliferative potential. Acid hydrolysis (AH) was employed to remove glycosides, asses its impacts on extract efficacy, and evaluate its effects on exosome loading and subsequent formulation efficacy. Antiproliferative activity was assessed through MTT assays on T-47D, MDA-MB-231, and BT-474 breast cancer cells; all extracts exhibited broad antiproliferative activity. AH enhanced the bioactivity of cumin, caraway, and fennel in T-47D cells. Celery, cumin, anise, and ajwain showed the highest activity and were assayed in exosomal formulations, which resulted in reduced doses required to inhibit cellular proliferation for all extracts except AH-cumin. Apiaceae spice extracts demonstrated antiproliferative activities that can be improved with AH and further enhanced with exosomal delivery.
The Aqueous Extract of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni Improves the Lactation-Promoting Effect in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells through the PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Jiaxu , Pan Zhaoping , Li Qili , Wu Yanyang , Li Xiaopeng , Wang Xue , Hao Dandan , Peng Xiaoyu , Pan Lina , Li Wei , Wang Jiaqi , Li Tao , Fu Fuhua
Published: September 2024

Insufficient milk supply is a widespread issue faced by women globally and associated with a higher risk of health problems in infants and mothers. Hemerocallis citrina Baron, commonly known as daylily, is a perennial edible plant often used in traditional Asian cuisine to promote lactation. However, the active compound(s) and mechanism of its lactation-promoting effect remain unclear. This study aimed to confirm the traditional use of daylily in promoting lactation and investigate its potential active components and underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that the aqueous extracts of H. citrina Baroni (HAE) significantly enhanced milk production, and the serum levels of lactation-related hormones, and promoted mammary gland development in lactating rats, as well as increased the levels of milk components in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) (p < 0.05). UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS analysis revealed that hexamethylquercetin (HQ) is the representative flavonoid component in HAE, accounting for 42.66% of the total flavonoids. An integrated network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis suggested that HQ may be the potential active flavonoid in HAE that promotes lactation, possibly supporting lactation by binding to key target proteins such as STAT5A, PIK3CA, IGF1R, TP53, CCND1, BCL2, INS, AR, and DLD. Cell experiments further demonstrated that HQ could promote cell proliferation and the synthesis of milk proteins, lactose, and milk fat in BMECs. Transcriptomic analysis combined with a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed that both HAE and HQ exert a lactation-promoting function mainly through regulating the expression of key genes in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Intra-Abdominal Hemorrhage Due to Spontaneous Urinary Bladder Diverticulum Rupture in a Female: An Autopsy Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Ketsekioulafis Ioannis , Katsos Konstantinos , Kouzos Dimitrios , Vlachodimitropoulos Dimitrios , Goutas Nikolaos , Spiliopoulou Chara , Sakelliadis Emmanouil I.
Published: September 2024

Urinary bladder diverticula are formed by the herniation of the mucosa into the muscle layer of the bladder wall, often ending with a narrow neck that communicates with the bladder lumen. They may be congenital or acquired, and they most often affect males. Urinary bladder diverticula discovery during autopsy incidence described in the literature is approximately 5–10%. Various causative factors have been described, including urinary tract obstruction (e.g., benign prostate hyperplasia) and neurogenic and iatrogenic causes. The most described site of occurrence is adjacent to the ureteral orifice. Their clinical presentation does not often facilitate diagnosis, as most are small and asymptomatic. Complications of urinary bladder diverticulosis include infections, lithiasis, neoplasia, pressure on adjacent tissues, obstruction, and rupture. Indeed, urinary bladder diverticula may lead to spontaneous bladder rupture in extremely rare cases. This paper presents the case of an 87-year-old female suffering from atrial fibrillation and under anticoagulant therapy who was pronounced dead in a hospital and was subsequently referred to our department for medico-legal examination. Upon macroscopic examination of the body, intra-abdominal hemorrhage was observed in the vicinity of the urinary bladder, extraperitoneally. A meticulous examination excluded the possibility of injury as the cause of this finding, and tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination. A ruptured urinary diverticulum was discovered and confirmed histopathologically. Death was attributed to intra-abdominal hemorrhage after rupture of urinary bladder diverticulum. A forensic pathologist should be aware of this diagnosis, as although extremely rare, such pathology may lead to death, especially when the patient is under anticoagulant therapy.
The Generalized Mehler–Fock Transform over Lebesgue Spaces
Authors: Maan Jeetendrasingh , González Benito J. , Negrín Emilio R.
Published: September 2024

This paper focuses on establishing boundedness properties and Parseval–Goldstein-type relations for the generalized Mehler–Fock transform initially introduced by B. L. J. Braaksma and B. M. Meulenbeld (Compositio Math., 18(3):235–287, 1967). Also, we derive an inversion formula for this transform over Lebesgue spaces.
On the Numerical Investigations of a Fractional-Order Mathematical Model for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak
Authors: Abd Alaal Faisal E. , Hadhoud Adel R. , Abdelaziz Ayman A. , Radwan Taha
Published: September 2024

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a human coronavirus subtype that poses a significant public health concern due to its ability to spread between individuals. This research aims to develop a fractional-order mathematical model to investigate the MERS pandemic and to subsequently develop two numerical methods to solve this model numerically to evaluate and comprehend the analysis results. The fixed-point theorem has been used to demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the suggested model. We approximate the solutions of the proposed model using two numerical methods: the mean value theorem and the implicit trapezoidal method. The stability of these numerical methods is studied using various results and primary lemmas. Finally, we compare the results of our methods to demonstrate their efficiency and conduct a numerical simulation of the obtained results. A comparative study based on real data from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia is provided. The study’s conclusions demonstrate the computational efficiency of our approaches in studying nonlinear fractional differential equations that arise in daily life problems.
A Real Case: How to Combine Polarization Curve and EIS Techniques to Identify Problematic Cells in a Commercial PEM Stack
Authors: Gómez Guillermo , Argumosa Pilar , Maellas Jesús
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, the mobility sector is assessing different technologies to substitute the internal combustion engines in order to reduce its CO2 emissions; one of these possible alternatives is the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell. So, the development of non-destructive diagnostic tools that could identify defective cells and/or any malfunctioning behavior and can be easily embarked on in any vehicle will expand the durability of PEM fuel cells, improve their performance, and enable them to carry out predictive maintenance. In this research, we use an in-house developed methodology that combines the polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques to characterize different cells of a commercial PEM stack, identifying malfunctioning ones.
The Characteristics of Teacher Training with Social Impact to Overcome School Violence: A Literature Review
Authors: Olabarria Ane , Zubiri-Esnaola Harkaitz , Carbonell Sara , Canal-Barbany Josep María
Published: September 2024

Research demonstrates that overcoming school violence is crucial for ensuring a safe environment and quality education for all students. The scientific literature shows that educators can significantly impact school violence, but their effectiveness hinges on the quality of their training. Therefore, identifying the most effective training types is essential. This literature review aims to identify and synthesize the characteristics of teacher-training programs that have effectively reduced school violence. Inclusion criteria were studies focusing on interventions to reduce school violence, with either quantitative or qualitative outcomes. Exclusion criteria were studies not specifically addressing school violence or lacking evaluative measures. Data sources included Web of Science, EBSCO Host, Medline, Scielo, and Scopus, with searches conducted in December 2023. From an initial pool of 2128 articles, 13 studies were included. The results, synthesized through narrative analysis, reveal the key features of teacher-training programs that effectively address school violence, including the nature of the training, the content covered, and the social impact achieved.
Data Mining Approach to Explore the Contributing Factors to Fatal Wrong-Way Crashes by Local and Non-Local Drivers
Authors: Abbaszadeh Lima Mohammad Reza , Hossain Md Mahmud , Zhou Huaguo , Song Yukun
Published: September 2024

Despite significant research efforts into wrong-way driving crashes, the fatality rate in the United States remains persistently high year after year. However, few studies have concentrated on how the driver’s familiarity with the road affects wrong-way driving. This study aims to examine if there is a difference in contributing factors to fatal wrong-way driving crashes by local and non-local drivers by utilizing Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data from 2016 to 2020. Descriptive statistics were first used to give insight into the data, and then the association rule mining method was applied to help uncover the hidden connections between contributing factors to wrong-way driving crashes for both local and non-local drivers. The findings indicated that several factors, including intoxicated drivers, an urban environment, and late-night hours from 12 A.M. to 6 A.M., play a significant role in causing local wrong-way driving crashes. On the other hand, non-lighted conditions in a rural setting significantly contributed to fatal wrong-way driving crashes by non-local drivers.
Key Factors Influencing Gelation in Plant vs. Animal Proteins: A Comparative Mini-Review
Authors: Khalesi Mohammadreza , Glenn-Davi Kyeesha , Mohammadi Nima , FitzGerald Richard J.
Published: September 2024

This review presents a comparative analysis of gelation properties in plant-based versus animal-based proteins, emphasizing key factors such as pH, ionic environment, temperature, and anti-nutritional factors. Gelation, a crucial process in food texture formation, is influenced by these factors in varying ways for plant and animal proteins. Animal proteins, like casein, whey, meat, and egg, generally show stable gelation properties, responding predictably to pH, temperature, and ionic changes. In contrast, plant proteins such as soy, pea, wheat, and oilseed show more variable gelation, often requiring specific conditions, like the presence of NaCl or optimal pH, to form effective gels. Animal proteins tend to gel more reliably, while plant proteins require precise environmental adjustments for similar results. Understanding these factors is crucial for selecting and processing proteins to achieve desired textures and functionalities in food products. This review highlights how changing these key factors can optimize gel properties in both plant- and animal-based proteins.
Dynamics of Mulatto Grass Regrowth Depending on Rotational Cattle Grazing Management
Authors: Rodrigues Carlindo Santos , da Silveira Márcia Cristina Teixeira , Barbero Leandro Martins , Sousa Júnior Salim Jacaúna , Limão Veridiana Aparecida , Silva Guilherme Pontes , da Silva Sila Carneiro , do Nascimento Júnior Domicio
Published: September 2024

This study was carried out to characterize the dynamics of forage accumulation during the regrowth of Mulatto grass submitted to rotational grazing strategies. The treatments corresponded to combinations between two pre-grazing conditions (95% and a maximum light interception during regrowth—LI95% and LIMax) and two post-grazing conditions (post-grazing heights of 15 and 20 cm), according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and randomized complete block design, with four replications. Rates of leaf growth (LGR), stems growth (SGR), total growth (TGR), leaf senescence (LSR), grass accumulation (GAR) (kg·ha−1·day−1), and the senescence/canopy growth ratio during different stages of regrowth. There was no difference between the management strategies for TGR. However, a higher GAR was reported for pastures managed with LI95% relative to LIMax, of 161.7 and 120.2 kg DM ha−1·day−1, respectively. Pastures managed with LI95% have a lower SGR in the intermediate and final regrowth period, reflecting the efficient control in the stalks production. On the other hand, in pastures managed, the LIMax showed higher SGR and LSR in the final regrowth phase. Thus, the LAI was higher in pastures managed at LI95% compared to those managed at LIMax, of 163.9 and 112.7 kg DM ha−1·day−1, respectively. Mulatto grass pastures, which were managed at LI95% pre-grazing, corresponded to approximately 30 cm in height, showed higher LAI, and ensured a low SGR throughout the regrowth period, constituting a more efficient management strategy.
Exogenous Melatonin Alleviates Osmotic Stress by Enhancing Antioxidant Metabolism, Photosynthetic Maintenance, and Hormone Homeostasis in Forage Oat (Avena sativa) Seedlings
Authors: Yu Jingbo , Luo Xingyu , Zhou Qingping , Li Zhou , Chen Shiyong
Published: September 2024

Melatonin (MT) is a multifunctional hormone that enhances crop resilience against various abiotic stresses. However, its regulatory mechanism of osmotic tolerance in forage oats (Avena sativa) plants under water-limited scenarios is still unclear. This study aimed to delineate the impact of MT pretreatment on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical functions of oat seedlings under osmotic stress. Our findings demonstrated that exogenous treatment of MT noticeably elevated leaf area while decreasing the root/shoot ratio of oat seedlings subjected to osmotic stress. Osmotic-induced 38.22% or 48.37% decrease in relative water content could be significantly alleviated by MT pretreatment on day 7 or day 14, respectively. MT treatment also significantly mitigated osmotic-induced decreases in photosynthetic parameters including net photosynthetic rate, stomatic conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration as well as various chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, which could contribute to enhanced accumulations of free proline and soluble sugars in seedlings after being subjected to a prolonged duration of osmotic stress. Furthermore, MT markedly improved antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase along with the accumulation of ascorbic acid contributing to a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species under osmotic stress. In addition, the MT application induced a 978.12%, 33.54%, or 30.59% increase in endogenous MT, indole acetic acid, or gibberellic acid content under osmotic stress but did not affect the accumulation of abscisic acid. These findings suggest that an optimal concentration of MT (100 μmol·L−1) could relieve osmotic stress via improvement in osmotic adjustment, the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, and endogenous hormonal balance, thereby contributing to enhanced photosynthetic functions and growth of oat seedlings under water-limited conditions.
PCSK9 Inhibitors and Anthracyclines: The Future of Cardioprotection in Cardio-Oncology
Authors: Repp Matthew L. , Edwards Mark D. , Burch Christopher S. , Rao Amith , Chinyere Ikeotunye Royal
Published: September 2024

The field of cardio-oncology is an expanding frontier within cardiovascular medicine, and the need for evidence-based guidelines is apparent. One of the emerging focuses within cardio-oncology is the concomitant use of medications for cardioprotection in the setting of chemotherapy regimens that have known cardiovascular toxicity. While clinical trials focusing on cardioprotection during chemotherapy are sparse, an inaugural trial exploring the prophylactic potential of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) for anthracycline (ANT)-induced cardiotoxicity has recently commenced. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, though less studied in this oncology demographic, have exhibited promise in preclinical studies for conferring cardiac protection during non-ischemic toxic insults. While primarily used to reduce low-density lipoprotein, PCSK9 inhibitors exhibit pleiotropic effects, including the attenuation of inflammation, reactive oxygen species, and endothelial dysfunction. In ANT-induced cardiotoxicity, these same processes are accelerated, resulting in premature termination of treatment, chronic cardiovascular sequelae, heart failure, and/or death. This review serves a dual purpose: firstly, to provide a concise overview of the mechanisms implicated in ANT-induced cardiotoxicity, and, finally, to summarize the existing preclinical data supporting the theoretical possibility of the cardioprotective effects of PCSK9 inhibition in ANT-induced cardiotoxicity.
Overheating in Historic Buildings in the UK: An Exploratory Study of Overheating Risks, Building Performance, and Thermal Comfort
Authors: Kumar Pakhee , Wright Benjamin , Petsou Athina
Published: September 2024

A study reviewing overheating in historic buildings in the context of extant climate change. Due to global warming, more research is required when considering summertime thermal comfort in the UK, which is a more significant topic of conversation due to the heatwave in 2022. With a large demographic of the UK population residing in dwellings with historic value, this paper aimed to contribute findings that review their specific traits with respect to overheating. This was achieved by monitoring and analysing internal (and external environmental data) in three case studies in the south-east. Upon examination of the literature, many buildings in the UK are consistently subject to temperatures that exceed overheating. It was found that many properties of historic buildings lend themselves to summertime cooling such as higher thermal mass, better ventilation (without the use of mechanical or active systems), and less insulation. This, however, could come at the cost of winter thermal comfort. In all three case studies, the surveyed buildings passed the CIBRE criteria, but users still commented on being ‘too hot’. The high recorded RH levels in all properties, coupled with the inadequate overheating criteria, were deemed the cause. There are new regulations in place to minimise overheating in new buildings but no support for those that are already existing.
Automated Tenderness Assessment of Okra Using Robotic Non-Destructive Sensing
Authors: Arolkar Neha M. , Ortiz Coral , Dapurkar Nikita , Blanes Carlos , Gonzalez-Planells Pablo
Published: September 2024

The quality of okra is crucial in satisfying consumer expectations, and the tenderness of okra is an essential parameter in estimating its condition. However, the current methods for assessing okra tenderness are slow and prone to errors, necessitating the development of a better, non-destructive method. The objective of the present study is to develop and test a non-destructive robotic sensor for assessing okra freshness and tenderness. A total of 120 pods were divided into two sets and stored under different conditions: 60 pods were kept in a cold chamber for 24 h (considered tender), while the other 60 pods were stored at room temperature for two days. First, the samples were assessed non-destructively using the force sensor of a collaborative robot, where a jamming pad (with internal granular fill) was capable of adapting and copying the okra shapes while controlling its force deformation. Second, the okra pods were evaluated with the referenced destructive tests, as well as weight loss, compression, and puncture tests. In order to validate the differences in the tenderness of the two sets, a discriminant analysis was carried out to segregate the okra pods into the two categories according to the destructive variables, confirming the procedure which was followed to produce tender and non-tender okra pods. After the differences in the tenderness of the two sets were confirmed, the variables extracted from the robotic sensor (maximum force (Fmax), first slope (S1), second slope (S2), the first overshoot (Os), and the steady state (Ss)) were significant predictors for the separation in the two quality categories. Discriminant analysis and logistic regression methods were applied to classify the pods into the two tenderness categories. Promising results were obtained using neural network classification with 80% accuracy in predicting tenderness from the sensor data, and a 95.5% accuracy rate was achieved in distinguishing between tender and non-tender okra pods in the validation data set. The use of the robotic sensor could be an efficient tool in evaluating the quality of okra. This process may lead to substantial savings and waste reduction, particularly considering the elevated cost and challenges associated with transporting perishable vegetables.
Novel Perspectives on Chloroplast tRNA Genomic and Structural Variations Imply the Evolution of Papilionoideae (Fabaceae)
Authors: Han Shiyun , Zhang Sijia , Peng Hui , Ge Wen , Yang Jianke , Wu Huaqin , Dai Chenwei , Zhu Bo , Kan Xianzhao
Published: September 2024

Papilionoideae is the most species-rich subfamily of the third largest angiosperm family Fabaceae. One constituent large group, the inverted-repeat-lacking clade (IRLC), is well-known for the broad loss of one IR copy. Accumulating observations of massive plastomic disparities have made IRLC a well-suited model for exploring plastome evolution. However, there is still a large amount left to explore. The present study focused on the plastid tRNA (pttRNA) evolution within Papilionoideae, employing the currently densest sampling strategies for both the IRLC (156) and non-IRLC (109) lineages. Strikingly, our results revealed abundant inter-lineage variabilities in both tRNA sequences and structures, including a 3 nt difference in the average size of trnS-UGA, the consensus sequence disparities across 29 tRNAs, the distinct 3 nt indels in trnA-UGC, and an impressive 248 nt intron loss of IRLC trnI-GAU (potential markers). Additionally, there was unequal stability of the atypical secondary structures in trnS-GGA and trnS-UGA, as well as significantly diverse compositions of substitution events in all compared tRNAs (p < 0.05). Ultimately, these findings not only demonstrate the significant differences and unique markers of IRLC pttRNAs compared to other non-IRLC Papilionoideae, but also draw an important conclusion that the large losses of one IR potentially promote highly diverse evolutionary patterns of IRLC, which could partly compensate for the potential IR-lacking impacts.
Effects of ‘Candidatus’ Liberibacter Asiaticus on the Root System of Poncirus trifoliata Hybrids as a Rootstock for ‘Valencia’ Scion
Authors: Cavichioli Thaís Magni , Curtolo Maiara , Cristofani-Yaly Mariangela , Rodrigues Josiane , Coletta-Filho Helvécio Della
Published: September 2024

The symptoms of huanglongbing (HLB), a disease caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), are visible on the canopy of citrus plants. They include mottling of leaves followed by dropping and lopsided fruits with premature dropping. Loss in phloem functionality and degradation of the root system are also HLB symptoms with a severe impact on plant growth and production. Some Citrus relatives, such as Poncirus trifoliata and its hybrids, have shown more tolerance to HLB disease and low titers of CLas compared to Citrus species, but little is known about the effects of CLas on their root system. In this study, we investigated the effects of CLas-infected ‘Valencia’ scion on the citrandarin IAC3222 (a hybrid between P. trifoliata and Sunki mandarin) used as rootstock as well as interstock between ‘Valencia’ and Swingle citrumelo rootstock. At 13 months post-inoculation, the cycle threshold values (CT) for CLas in the infected scion samples indicated a high CLas titer (from 15.9 to 22.7) regardless of the rootstock variety or interstock used. However, no CLas-positive samples were detected in the roots of IAC3222 (CT ranging from 37.9 to 40.0), in contrast to all Swingle roots (CT ranging from 27.9 to 31.3). Both root volume and mass were reduced in IAC3222 compared to uninfected ‘Valencia’ scion, suggesting that scion infection damages roots, regardless of whether they are contaminated or not by CLas. The damage to the root system of IAC3222 was significantly less severe than that of the Swingle rootstock. Multivariate hierarchical analysis considering all evaluated parameters clustered the CLas-infected plants grafted on IAC3222 together with the non-inoculated plants. We concluded that the IAC3222 rootstock was less affected by the CLas-infected scion compared to the Swingle rootstock and is a promising rootstock to minimize the HLB effect on plant development.
Micropropagation of Rare Endemic Species Allium microdictyon Prokh. Threatened in Kazakhstani Altai
Authors: Tagimanova Damelya , Raiser Olesya , Danilova Alevtina , Turzhanova Ainur , Khapilina Oxana
Published: September 2024

Allium microdictyon Prokh. is a rare, endemic species possessing good taste qualities and listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan; therefore, it is subject to anthropogenic impact (food gathering, grazing, logging, fires, etc.), which leads to a substantial reduction of its area. The aim of the study was to develop a protocol for microclonal propagation of A. microdictyon. Mature seeds of A. microdictyon collected from natural habitats in the Kazakhstani Altai were used as explants. Optimization of seed sterilization methods, selection of growth regulators for inducing adventitious shoot formation and microclonal propagation, and optimization of conditions for adaptation of regenerants to ex vitro conditions were carried out. Surface sterilization of seeds with 70% EtOH and 0.01% HgCl2 is optimal for obtaining sterile and viable A. microdictyon seedlings. Sterile seedlings obtained in vitro on ½ Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 10 mg L−1 gibberellic acid and 0.1 mg L−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were used as a source for obtaining micropropagation cultures. Induction of adventitious organogenesis of A. microdictyon was effective on media containing 0.5 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.5–2 mg L−1 zeatin. On these variants, leaf conglomerates consisting of abundantly overgrown thin leaves were formed. The effect of 0.2 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on further development of organogenesis and formation of microbulbs in A. microdictyon was shown in comparison with IAA, NAA, and PAC. Regenerated A. microdictyon plants were adapted to ex vitro conditions and resumed growth after 16–20 weeks of relative dormancy. The developed micropropagation protocol can be used to preserve germplasm and propagate for subsequent restoration of A. microdictyon populations in natural habitats.
The Role of Cyano-HAB (Cyanobacteria Harmful Algal Blooms) in the One Health Approach to Global Health
Authors: Messineo Valentina , Bruno Milena , De Pace Rita
Published: September 2024

Harmful algal bloom events occur in salt, brackish, and fresh water. In bodies of water such as oceans and estuaries, diatoms or dinoflagellates form “tides” that produce toxins associated with seafood poisoning, including paralytic shellfish poisoning, or respiratory distress from inhalation of aerosolized toxins. Cyanobacteria predominantly bloom in fresh water; they can produce microcystins; cylindrospermopsin; and other toxins that humans or animals might be exposed to through water contact, inhalation, or ingestion. Animals that become ill or die can be sentinels for harmful algal bloom events. In a One Health approach, information about harmful algal bloom exposures and health effects support efforts to detect these events and mitigate and prevent associated illnesses. Human, animal, and environmental health partners can work together to document the occurrence and impacts of harmful algal bloom events and characterize associated illnesses.
Establishing In Vitro Screening Protocols Based on Phenotypic Plasticity of Amaranthus dubius and Galinsoga parviflora Seeds for Drought, Salinity, and Heat Tolerance
Authors: Areington Candyce Ann , O’Kennedy Martha M. , Sershen
Published: September 2024

The vulnerability of commercial crops under a changing climate has led scientists to consider wild crop species as alternative food sources. The aim of this study was to identify plastic physiological and morphological traits that could be used to in vitro screen Amaranthus dubius and Galinsoga parviflora seeds for drought, salinity, and heat tolerance. To establish the lethal dose/temperature, 50% (LD/T50), for each stress, seeds for both were subjected to various mannitol and NaCl stresses and a range of temperatures. Percentage seedling emergence was selected as the initial indicator of tolerance and used to establish the LD/T50 for in vitro screening for both species. Seeds of both were then screened at the LD/T50 concentrations/temperatures established, and seedlings that emerged after 21 days were measured for leaf area, root (RL), shoot length (SL), chlorophyll content (Chl), fresh, dry mass, and leaf number. Data for these were used to quantify plasticity in terms of Valladares’s phenotypic plasticity index. For A. dubius, three (viz. RL, SL, and Chl) showed some plasticity (≥0.53) and tolerance across all three stressors. For G. parviflora all traits except SL showed some plasticity (≥0.58) and tolerance across all three stressors. Both species had high phenotypic plasticity across all three stressors, which suggests that wild leafy vegetables may possess the ability to tolerate climate change-associated stressors and should be considered for future breeding programs.
Correction: Beckmann et al. Semantic Integration of BPMN Models and FHIR Data to Enable Personalized Decision Support for Malignant Melanoma. Information 2023, 14, 649
Authors: Beckmann Catharina Lena , Keuchel Daniel , Soleman Wa Ode Iin Arliani , Nürnberg Sylvia , Böckmann Britta
Published: September 2024

In the original publication [...]
Intelligent Energy Management across Smart Grids Deploying 6G IoT, AI, and Blockchain in Sustainable Smart Cities
Authors: A T Mithul Raaj , B Balaji , R R Sai Arun Pravin , Naidu Rani Chinnappa , M Rajesh Kumar , Ramachandran Prakash , Rajkumar Sujatha , Kumar Vaegae Naveen , Aggarwal Geetika , Siddiqui Arooj Mubashara
Published: September 2024

In response to the growing need for enhanced energy management in smart grids in sustainable smart cities, this study addresses the critical need for grid stability and efficient integration of renewable energy sources, utilizing advanced technologies like 6G IoT, AI, and blockchain. By deploying a suite of machine learning models like decision trees, XGBoost, support vector machines, and optimally tuned artificial neural networks, grid load fluctuations are predicted, especially during peak demand periods, to prevent overloads and ensure consistent power delivery. Additionally, long short-term memory recurrent neural networks analyze weather data to forecast solar energy production accurately, enabling better energy consumption planning. For microgrid management within individual buildings or clusters, deep Q reinforcement learning dynamically manages and optimizes photovoltaic energy usage, enhancing overall efficiency. The integration of a sophisticated visualization dashboard provides real-time updates and facilitates strategic planning by making complex data accessible. Lastly, the use of blockchain technology in verifying energy consumption readings and transactions promotes transparency and trust, which is crucial for the broader adoption of renewable resources. The combined approach not only stabilizes grid operations but also fosters the reliability and sustainability of energy systems, supporting a more robust adoption of renewable energies.
A Two-Step Approach Using the National Health Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Assessed by Paramedics to Enhance Prehospital Stroke Detection: A Case Report and Concept Proposal
Authors: Stuby Loric , Suppan Mélanie , Desmettre Thibaut , Carrera Emmanuel , Genoud Matthieu , Suppan Laurent
Published: September 2024

Background: Prehospital detection and triage of stroke patients mostly rely on the use of large vessel occlusion prediction scales to decrease onsite time. These quick but simplified scores, though useful, prevent prehospital providers from detecting posterior strokes and isolated symptoms such as limb ataxia or hemianopia. Case report: In the present case, an ambulance was dispatched to a 46-year-old man known for ophthalmic migraines and high blood pressure, who presented isolated visual symptoms different from those associated with his usual migraine attacks. Although the assessment advocated by the prehospital guideline was negative for stroke, the paramedic who assessed the patient was one of the few trained in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale assessment. Based on this assessment, the paramedic activated the fast-track stroke alarm and an ischemic stroke in the right temporal lobe was finally confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Discussion and conclusions: Current prehospital practice enables paramedics to detect anterior strokes but often limits the detection of posterior events or more subtle symptoms. Failure to identify such strokes delay or even forestall the initiation of thrombolytic therapy, thereby worsening patient outcomes. We therefore advocate a two-step prehospital approach: first, to avoid unnecessary delays, the prehospital stroke assessment should be carried out using a fast large vessel occlusion prediction scale; then, if this assessment is negative but potential stroke symptoms are present, a full National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale assessment could be performed to detect neurological deficits overlooked by the fast stroke scale.
Anaphylactic Shock Caused by Eating Buckwheat
Authors: Orga-Dumitriu Dan , Harris Dana M. , Porr Corina
Published: September 2024

Background: Urticaria is a common disease with a marked influence on quality of life. The key cell involved is the mast cell, which can be activated by a vast variety of stimuli, and the major mediator is histamine. Allergic urticaria is a disorder with a large variety of causes: food, drugs, insect venom, skin contact with allergens, and physical exercise. Buckwheat consumption has increased in European countries and the USA because it is gluten-free. It can trigger anaphylactic shock if ingested, inhaled, or handled with the hands. Five common buckwheat allergens named Fag e1 to 5 (Fag e1, 2, and 3 are considered the major allergens) and two tartary buckwheat allergens named Fag t1 and Fag t2 have been described. Method: We present the case of a patient who experienced two anaphylactic shocks and in whom the etiological factor was buckwheat. The patient presented to the Allergology department for the evaluation of two episodes of severe allergic reactions that required emergency therapy, episodes that involved the loss of consciousness and were of major severity. At each anaphylactic shock, an ambulance was requested, and emergency therapy was administered, leading to the patient’s recovery within a few hours. Diagnosis: Since each episode occurred a few minutes after eating, the diagnosis was established based on a detailed anamnesis and prick skin tests, followed by specific IgE dosages. Other foods consumed by the patient, assessed by prick skin testing and specific IgE dosages of suspected foods, were excluded as the etiological cause. Increased levels of buckwheat-specific immunoglobulin E were highlighted, thus identifying the etiological agent. The treatment of anaphylactic shock was performed urgently by the ambulance crew with adrenaline, infusion solutions, cortisone preparations, and antihistamines. Result: Following the treatment that was initiated, there was a partial remission of the lesions after a few hours. Conclusions: Buckwheat allergy is rare, but it produces symptoms that affect the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract, as well as anaphylaxis. In a professional environment, it can trigger allergic rhinitis, asthma, and hives. Although buckwheat allergens have been described, their clinical relevance has only been studied in a small number cases. In current practice, the only commercially available allergen is Beech e2 per the ImmunoCAP ISAC microarray. Diagnosis can be difficult in clinical practice. This reported case suggests the need for a thorough anamnesis, since buckwheat is consumed as a hidden allergen, and in Europe, it is not necessary to label foods containing this allergen.
Shear Behavior and Modeling of Short Glass Fiber- and Talc-Filled Recycled Polypropylene Composites at Different Operating Temperatures
Authors: Iadarola Andrea , Di Matteo Pietro , Ciardiello Raffaele , Gazza Francesco , Lambertini Vito Guido , Brunella Valentina , Paolino Davide Salvatore
Published: September 2024

The present paper aims to broaden the field of application of the phenomenological model proposed by the authors in a previous study (ICP model) and to assess the shear properties of a recycled 30 wt.% talc-filled polypropylene (TFPP) and a recycled 30 wt.% short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (SGFPP), used in the automotive industry. The materials were produced by injection molding employing post-industrial mechanical shredding of recycled materials. In particular, Iosipescu shear tests adopting the American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM D5379) at three different operating temperatures (−40, 23 and 85 °C) were performed. The strain was acquired using a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system to determine the map of the strain in the area of interest before failure. Lower operating temperatures led to higher shear chord moduli and higher strengths. Recycled SGFPP material showed higher mechanical properties and smaller strains at failure with respect to recycled TFPP. Finally, the ICP model also proved to be suitable and accurate for the prediction of the shear behavior of 30 wt.% SGFPP and 30 wt.% TFPP across different operating temperatures.
Review and Current Perspectives on DNA Topoisomerase I and II Enzymes of Fungi as Study Models for the Development of New Antifungal Drugs
Authors: Andrade-Pavón Dulce , Gómez-García Omar , Villa-Tanaca Lourdes
Published: September 2024

Fungal infections represent a growing public health problem, mainly stemming from two phenomena. Firstly, certain diseases (e.g., AIDS and COVID-19) have emerged that weaken the immune system, leaving patients susceptible to opportunistic pathogens. Secondly, an increasing number of pathogenic fungi are developing multi-drug resistance. Consequently, there is a need for new antifungal drugs with novel therapeutic targets, such as type I and II DNA topoisomerase enzymes of fungal organisms. This contribution summarizes the available information in the literature on the biology, topology, structural characteristics, and genes of topoisomerase (Topo) I and II enzymes in humans, two other mammals, and 29 fungi (including Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes). The evidence of these enzymes as alternative targets for antifungal therapy is presented, as is a broad spectrum of Topo I and II inhibitors. Research has revealed the genes responsible for encoding the Topo I and II enzymes of fungal organisms and the amino acid residues and nucleotide residues at the active sites of the enzymes that are involved in the binding mode of topoisomerase inhibitors. Such residues are highly conserved. According to molecular docking studies, antifungal Topo I and II inhibitors have good affinity for the active site of the respective enzymes. The evidence presented in the current review supports the proposal of the suitability of Topo I and II enzymes as molecular targets for new antifungal drugs, which may be used in the future in combined therapies for the treatment of infections caused by fungal organisms.
Extramedullary Pulmonary Manifestations of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Case Series and Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Kumar Sagar , Mazloom Anita , Carter Marialaina , Manisha FNU , Polski Jacek , Alkharabsheh Omar
Published: September 2024

Extramedullary myeloma with pulmonary and pleural involvement is rare and can present in different ways. Here we present two cases of extramedullary pulmonary disease in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Background: Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease with unmet need for new treatments for high-risk disease such as extramedullary plasmacytoma. Relapses can occur at different stages due to the heterogeneity of the disease. While relapsed/refractory disease can be challenging to treat, progression can also lead to extramedullary disease which indicates an aggressive form with poor outcomes. Pulmonary extramedullary disease can present in various ways, such as a lung mass, parenchymal infiltrates, pleural mass, or pleural effusion. Objective: Our case series highlights two different presentations of pulmonary extramedullary disease and a review of the treatment of relapsed/refractory myeloma. Our patients highlight the progression of their multiple myeloma due to the aggressive nature of their extramedullary disease. Their cases emphasize the importance of new targeted treatments to treat extramedullary disease and penta-refractory disease as there is no currently accepted standard regimen for this difficult to treat condition.