bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propofol prevents the aggressive progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma via regulating circ_0005623/miR‐195‐5p/HOXB7 axis
Authors: Cao Chen , Zhang Xiaotong , Xu Yi
Published: April 2021

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a general oral disease with high mortality. This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of propofol in OSCC. Propofol treatment inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), but promoted apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest in OSCC cells. miR‐195‐5p was a target of circ_0005623 and directly targeted to HOXB7. Circ_0005623 and HOXB7 were upregulated, while miR‐195‐5p was downregulated in OSCC tissues and cells. Overexpression of circ_0005623 partly reversed the effects of propofol on cell proliferation, migration invasion, EMT, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in SCC‐9 and CAL‐27 cells. Meanwhile, further investigation uncovered that circ_0005623 could act as a sponge for miR‐195‐5p to regulate HOXB7 expression, thereby mediating the suppression effects of propofol on OSCC cells. In vivo assay suggested that overexpression of circ_0005623 promoted tumor growth, which was inhibited by propofol treatment. Taken together, propofol regulated aggressive progression of OSCC via the circ_0005623/miR‐195‐5p/HOXB7 axis, providing the new train of thoughts for diagnosis and therapy of human OSCC.
A teratology information system in vernacular: Closing an information gap
Authors: Patskun Erika , Yevtushok Lyubov , Zymak‐Zakutnia Nataliia , Lapchenko Serhiy , Akhmedzhanova Diana , Wertelecki Wladimir
Published: April 2021

Background

Leading Teratology Information Systems (TIS) arose in major industrial nations and are mostly in English. The prevalence of anglophone speakers in Ukraine is among the lowest in Europe. A TIS in Ukrainian (UTIS) seeks to diminish an information gap concerning teratogens. The process and results related to UTIS are applicable to formulations of other TIS in vernacular languages.

Methods

Implementation of a free‐access UTIS and analysis of utilization patterns. UTIS provides access to articles in Ukrainian (AU) which are summaries extracted from leading international TIS and other sources. AU are revised at least tri‐annually.

Results

UTIS provides access to over 1,100 AU accrued since 2016 to the present. The number AU views increased from nearly 30,000 (2016) to over 80,000 (2020); the number of visitors increased from 3,500 to 58,000 during the same periods. The highest percent of users per urban population (2.09, 1.77, and 1.72) was in Ternopil, Ivano‐Frankivsk, and Kyiv (capital), respectively; the lowest was in Odesa (0.17).

Conclusions

UTIS reduced an information gap in Ukraine concerning teratogenic risk factors. The process can be implemented elsewhere relying on generally available local resources.
Antinociceptive and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Saline Extract and Lectin‐Rich Fraction from Microgramma vacciniifolia Rhizome in Mice
Authors: Cavalcante da Silva Gabriela , Macário de Oliveira Alisson , Soares de Freitas Anderson Felipe , Paiva Patrícia Maria Guedes , Napoleão Thiago Henrique
Published: April 2021

Previous studies have characterized a saline extract from Microgramma vacciniifolia rhizome and its lectin (MvRL)‐rich fraction with low acute toxicity. In the present study, we evaluated these preparations for acute toxicity (1,000 mg/kg) and antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory activities (100–400 mg/kg for the extract and 25–50 mg/kg for the fraction). No signs of toxicity were observed. Both the extract and fraction increased the latency period for nociception in the hot plate assay, decreased writhing induced by acetic acid, and promoted analgesic effects in phases 1 and 2 of the formalin test. The antinociceptive mechanism was attributed to interactions with opioid receptors and K+ ATPase channels. The extract and fraction decreased carrageenan‐induced paw edema in 46.15 % and 77.22 %, respectively, at the highest doses evaluated. Furthermore, the fraction was shown to act on the bradykinin pathway. The ability to decrease leukocyte migration after treatment was also verified in the peritonitis and air pouch models. In exudates collected from air pouches, decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and increased interleukin (IL)‐10 levels were noted. Both the extract and fraction also effectively inhibited the development of granulomatous tissue. In conclusion, the substances investigated in this study can be used for the development of novel therapeutic options for pain and inflammatory processes.
ABCC8 variants in MODY12: Review of the literature and report of a case with severe complications
Authors: Timmers Marijke , Dirinck Eveline , Lauwers Patrick , Wuyts Wim , De Block Christophe
Published: April 2021

More than 1000 variants of the ATP‐binding cassette transporter subfamily C member 8 (ABCC8) gene have been reported in neonatal diabetes mellitus. Up to now only 55 ABCC8 variants were associated with Maturity‐Onset Diabetes of the Young 12 (MODY12). We present a c.3544C>T p.(Arg1182Trp) ABCC8 variant in a 35‐year‐old women who had pronounced microvascular diabetic complications and a charcot arthropathy necessitating a lower limb amputation. The unusual severity of the disease course prompted us to perform a systematic review of all genetic variants in MODY12. The present mutation has mostly been associated with neonatal diabetes and in only three papers reporting a MODY12. The 55 MODY12 variants show a large clinical heterogeneity, even in relatives with the same mutation, ranging from mild impaired glucose tolerance to severe insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. HbA1c at diagnosis ranged from 5% to 14% and age at diagnosis ranged from 2 to 53 years. However, several case reports lack documentation of diabetic complications. Hence, more detailed reports remain necessary to improve insight in MODY12 pathophysiology and outcome. In this article current data regarding therapeutic management are provided, and key points to consider for the individual patient affected by MODY12 are presented.
German desire for historical closure indirectly affects Israelis' intergroup attitudes
Authors: Hirschberger Gilad , Lifshin Uri , Dellus Veronika , Shuster Baillie , Kretzschmar Moritz
Published: April 2021

Research indicates that the memory of collective historical trauma may fuel current intergroup conflicts. In the present research, we examined in two experiments whether perpetrator desire for historical closure influences victim group attitudes in a current, seemingly unrelated, intergroup conflict. In Study 1 (N = 122), participants texted with a German confederate who either expressed responsibility, a desire for historical closure (Schlussstrich), or discussed a non‐Holocaust related topic. In Study 2 (N = 115), participants conversed with a German confederate who either acknowledged collective responsibility or expressed a desire for closure. In both studies, attitudes towards the confederate, Germany, and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict were measured. Results indicated that historical closure directly increased negative evaluations of the German confederate, and indirectly influenced attitudes towards Germany, and support for peacemaking with the Palestinians via confederate evaluations. The discussion focuses on perpetrator group influences on the relationship between historical collective trauma and current intergroup relations.
A Sensitive Signal‐off Electrochemical Aptasensor for Thrombin Detection using PB−Au@MoS2 Nanomaterial as Both Platform and Signal Reporter
Authors: Wu Chao , Zhang Qiaran , Li Duo , Tang Xuehui , Xie Fei , Zhang Yue , Lu Yizhong
Published: April 2021

Human serum is one of the effective samples for point‐of‐care testing (POCT). Sensitive and quick determination of thrombin content in human serum samples is important. An electrochemical aptasensor based on Prussian blue and Au nanoparticles loaded MoS2 nanoflowers (PB−Au@MoS2) hybrid was constructed. By using PB−Au@MoS2 as both a substrate and a signal reporter, this aptasensor could demonstrate excellent performance for thrombin detection with a detection linear range from 0.01 pM to 30 nM and detection limit down to 1 fM. This work may provide a strategy to establish effective and sensitive sensing devices for thrombin in clinical diagnosis.
Ruthenium modified defatted spent coffee catalysts for supercapacitor and methanolysis application
Authors: Akdemir Murat , Avci Hansu Tulin , Caglar Aykut , Kaya Mustafa , Demir Kivrak Hilal
Published: April 2021

Currently, a novel green material, defatted spent coffee ground (DSCG), is employed as a support to prepare DSCG supported Ru (DSCG‐Ru) material. DSCG and DSCG‐Ru materials are characterized by advanced surface analytical techniques such as N2 adsorption‐desorption, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction. Characterization results revealed that DSCG‐Ru was prepared successfully. First, DSCG‐Ru is prepared at varying Ru contents on deoiled coffee waste and hydrogen production experiments are performed by the methanolysis of sodium borohydride on the DSCG‐Ru catalysts. It is observed that optimum conditions for the catalyst preparation are examined on the 10% Ru containing DSCG‐Ru catalysts and found as 10% Ru, 300°C, and 60 minutes. DSCG catalyst containing 10% Ru completed the methanolysis reaction in 1.5 minutes. Capacitive measurements to investigate the supercapacitor property of DSCG‐Ru catalysts prepared at optimum conditions 10% Ru, 300°C, and 60 minutes is investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge‐discharge measurements. Results revealed that gravimetric capacitance of the electrode at a current density is found as of 0.5 A/g and 43 F/g, greater than the literature values. DSCG‐Ru, green novel supported Ru catalyst, has a dual promising performance in hydrogen production and supercapacitor measurements.
Novel morphologic findings in PLAG1‐rearranged soft tissue tumors
Authors: Logan Suzanna J. , Schieffer Kathleen M. , Conces Miriam R. , Stonerock Eileen , Miller Anthony R. , Fitch James , LaHaye Stephanie , Voytovich Kyle , McGrath Sean , Magrini Vincent , White Peter , Wilson Richard K. , Mardis Elaine R. , Cottrell Catherine E. , Koo Selene C.
Published: April 2021

Oncogenesis in PLAG1‐rearranged tumors often results from PLAG1 transcription factor overexpression driven by promoter‐swapping between constitutively expressed fusion partners. PLAG1‐rearranged tumors demonstrate diverse morphologies. This study adds to this morphologic heterogeneity by introducing two tumors with PLAG1 rearrangements that display distinct histologic features. The first arose in the inguinal region of a 3‐year‐old, appeared well‐circumscribed with a multinodular pattern, and harbored two fusions: ZFHX4‐PLAG1 and CHCHD7‐PLAG1. The second arose in the pelvic cavity of a 15‐year‐old girl, was extensively infiltrative and vascularized with an adipocytic component, and demonstrated a COL3A1‐PLAG1 fusion. Both showed low‐grade cytomorphology, scarce mitoses, no necrosis, and expression of CD34 and desmin. The ZFHX4‐/CHCHD7‐PLAG1‐rearranged tumor showed no evidence of recurrence after 5 months. By contrast, the COL3A1‐PLAG1‐rearranged tumor quickly recurred following primary excision with positive margins; subsequent re‐excision with adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in no evidence of recurrence after 2 years. While both tumors show overlap with benign and malignant fibroblastic and fibrovascular neoplasms, they also display divergent features. These cases highlight the importance of appropriate characterization in soft tissue tumors with unusual clinical and histologic characteristics.
CD15+ tumor infiltrating granulocytic cells can predict recurrence and their depletion is accompanied by good responses to S‐1 with oral cancer
Authors: Seki‐Soda Mai , Sano Takaaki , Ogawa Masaru , Yokoo Satoshi , Oyama Tetsunari
Published: April 2021

Background

It has been reported in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that myeloid‐derived suppressor cells infiltrate tumor tissues. This study examined whether S‐1 chemotherapy changes immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment.

Methods

We examined 71 patients with of OSCC, including 51 patients who received preoperative S‐1 chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry for PD‐L1, CD8, forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), and CD15 was performed using biopsy and resected specimens.

Results

The numbers of CD8+, FOXP3+, and CD15+ cells in resected specimens were significantly decreased by S‐1 chemotherapy. The reduction of the proportion of CD15+ cells significantly differed between responders and nonresponders. Most responders were distributed into the group with low PD‐L1 expression and a low density of CD8+ cells before chemotherapy. Furthermore, many patients with recurrence exhibited a high density of CD15+ cells in biopsy specimens.

Conclusion

Preoperative S‐1 chemotherapy can potentially improve prognosis by reducing CD15+ cells in the tumor microenvironment.
High‐risk early‐stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma, when free margins are not enough: Critical review
Authors: Galli Andrea , Bondi Stefano , Canevari Carla , Tulli Michele , Giordano Leone , Di Santo Davide , Gianolli Luigi , Bussi Mario
Published: April 2021

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is a quite peculiar disease from an anatomical and biological standpoint. An increasing amount of literature highlights the existence of a small subset of T1‐T2N0 OTSCC, properly resected on a margin‐dependent basis, which conversely proved higher than expected rates of loco‐regional/distant failure and disease‐specific mortality. These specific high‐risk tumors might not have a margin‐dependent disease and could possibly benefit from a more aggressive upfront loco‐regional treatment, especially addressing the so‐called T‐N tract. Widespread adoption of a histopathological risk model would allow early recognition of these high‐risk diseases and, consequently, intensification of the traditional treatment strategies in that specific niche. We reviewed the available knowledge trying to shed light on the potential determinants of the dismal prognosis of these high‐risk OTSCC, with special reference to the role of overlooked T‐N tract involvement and possible alternatives in terms of elective neck management and risk stratification.
Impact of institutional constraints on participatory irrigation management: The regulating role of moral obligation*
Authors: Yang Liu , Ren Yang , Tang Zhiwei , Zhu Yuchun
Published: April 2021

Participatory irrigation management is key to realizing the virtuous circle in which irrigation facilities are used and managed in rural China. Therefore, it is essential to explore the key factors influencing participatory irrigation management. This paper innovatively analyses the impact of external institutional constraints and internal moral obligation of farmers on participatory irrigation management by using a structural equation model (SEM) and drawing on survey data from 1543 householders in the Yellow River basin. The results indicate that: (i) generally, both institutional constraints and moral obligation have significant positive impacts on collective action in participatory irrigation management; (ii) moral obligation plays an active regulating role in the process of institutional constraints affecting collective action; (iii) collective action contributes positively to the performance of participatory irrigation management. This paper shows that institutional constraints and moral obligation need to be taken into account in participatory irrigation management, and these considerations can offer some insights into governments in managing irrigation systems.
Detection of truncated isoforms of human neuroserpin lacking the reactive center loop: Implications in noninhibitory role
Authors: Fatima Sana , Ansari Shoyab , Bano Shadabi , Ahamad Shahzaib , Ishqi Hassan Mubarak , Tabish Mohammad , Gupta Dinesh , Rehman Sayeed Ur , Jairajpuri Mohamad Aman
Published: April 2021

Neuroserpin is a serine protease inhibitor expressed mainly in the brain and at low levels in other tissues like the kidney, testis, heart, and spinal cord. It is involved in the inhibition of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasmin, and to a lesser extent, urokinase‐type plasminogen (uPA). Neuroserpin has also been shown to plays noninhibitory roles in the regulation of N‐cadherin‐mediated cell adhesion. It is involved in neuroprotection from seizure and stroke through tPA‐mediated inhibition and also through its other protease targets. Mutations in critical domains of neuroserpin lead to its polymerization and neuronal death. In this study, a novel truncated isoform of human neuroserpin was identified in the brain and liver, which was confirmed by reverse transcriptase‐PCR and DNA sequencing using exon‐specific primers. Structural characterization of novel isoform using MD simulations studies indicated that it lacks the reactive center loop (RCL) but largely maintains its secondary structure fold. The novel truncated variant was cloned, expressed, and purified. A comparative intrinsic fluorescence and 4,4′‐bis‐1‐anilino naphthalene 8‐sulfonate studies revealed a decrease in fluorescence emission intensity and a more exposed hydrophobic surface as compared to the reported isoform. However, the novel isoform has lost its ability for tPA inhibition and complex formation. The absence of RCL indicates a noninhibitory role for the truncated isoform, prompting a detailed search and identification of two smaller isoforms in the human brain. With indications of the noninhibitory role of neuroserpin, identifying novel isoforms that appear to be without the tPA recognition domain is significant.
Biological compatibility, thermal and in vitro simulated degradation for poly(p‐dioxanone)/poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)/poly(ethylene succinate‐co‐glycolide)
Authors: Zhong Gang , Liu Yihao , Liu Canpei , Li Xu , Lin Jingwei , Lanzon Alain Luigi , Zhang Huagui , Chen Mingfeng
Published: April 2021

Bio‐absorbable polymers are widely desired to be applied and used as biomaterials for surgery hemostatic and medical tissue engineering devices. Ring‐opening copolymerization reaction was applied to synthesize poly(ethylene succinate‐co‐glycolide) (PES‐b‐PGA). Stannous octoate was used as a catalyst whereas poly(ethylene succinate) was used as a macro‐initiator to react with glycolide. PES‐b‐PGA was then used as a compatibilizer to prepare the blend biomaterial of PPDO/PLGA/PES‐b‐PGA by melt blending poly(p‐dioxanone) (PPDO) with poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA). This would enhance the interactions of the inter‐molecular chains and intra‐molecular segments thus improving the compatibility. To obtain the biomaterial of PPDO/PLGA/PES‐b‐PGA with a regulated and controlled degradation and/or hydrolysis period, various ratios of PPDO, PLGA, and PES‐b‐PGA was blended. Behaviors of the thermal and in vitro simulated degradation, biological compatibility, cytotoxicity and subcutaneous implantation of PPDO/PLGA/PES‐b‐PGA were investigated. The results show that the in vitro hydrolytic degradation cycle is consistent with the wound healing time and that the biomaterial has slight cytotoxicity and it will do good to the cell proliferation, with 1 grade of cytotoxicity and the relative growth rate being the range from 92.5% to 96.2%. The implantation of the biomaterial into the rabbits' ears will not adversely affect the wound healing and the tissues surrounding the implanted sites. Therefore, the biomaterial has good biocompatibility and potential applications in medical tissue engineering devices.
A Population Pharmacokinetic Meta‐Analysis of Veliparib, a PARP Inhibitor, Across Phase 1/2/3 Trials in Cancer Patients
Authors: Stodtmann Sven , Nuthalapati Silpa , Eckert Doerthe , Kasichayanula Sreeneeranj , Joshi Rujuta , Bach Bruce A. , Mensing Sven , Menon Rajeev , Xiong Hao
Published: April 2021

Veliparib (ABT‐888) is a poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor in development for the treatment of high‐grade ovarian cancer or BRCA‐mutated breast cancer in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel. The population pharmacokinetics of veliparib were characterized using combined data from 1470 adult subjects with ovarian cancer, breast cancer, or other solid tumors enrolled in 6 phase 1 studies, 1 phase 2 study, and 2 phase 3 studies of veliparib oral doses of 10 to 400 mg twice daily as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. A 1‐compartment model with linear clearance and first‐order absorption best characterized veliparib pharmacokinetics. The predicted apparent oral clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution (Vc/F) were 479 L/day and 152 L, respectively. The significant covariates in the final model included albumin, creatinine clearance, strong inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, and sex on CL/F and albumin, body weight, and sex on Vc/F. Mild and moderate renal impairment increased veliparib median (95%CI) steady‐state AUC (AUCss) by 27.3% (23.7%‐30.9%) and 65.4% (56.0%‐75.5%), respectively, compared with normal renal function. Male subjects had 16.5% (7.53%‐23.9%) lower AUCss compared with female subjects and coadministration with strong CYP2D6 inhibitors increased AUCss by 13.0% (6.11%‐20.8%). Race, age, region, cancer type, or enzyme (CYP3A4, CYP2C19) or transporter (P‐glycoprotein, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1/2, organic cation transporter 2) inhibiting/inducing comedications were not found to significantly impact veliparib pharmacokinetics. Other than baseline creatinine clearance and hence renal impairment effect on veliparib clearance, no other covariates had a clinically meaningful effect on veliparib exposure warranting dose adjustment.
Between responsibility and desire: Accounts of reproductive decisions from those at risk for or affected by late‐onset neurological diseases
Authors: Mendes Álvaro , Sequeiros Jorge , Clarke Angus J.
Published: April 2021

This paper explores ways in which genetic risk foregrounds forms of responsibility while dealing with reproduction. We analyzed individual and family semi‐structured interviews (n = 35) with people at‐risk for or affected by transthyretin‐related familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR‐FAP) and Machado‐Joseph disease (MJD), which are late‐onset neurological diseases. Although generally considered as rare diseases, some areas in Portugal present the world's highest frequency for MJD and TTR‐FAP. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that participants drew on various – sometimes ambivalent and competing – understandings of their genetic risk and their wish to have children. Some participants perceived the avoidance of genetic risk to be responsible behavior, while, for others, responsibility entailed accepting risks because they prioritized values such as parenthood, family relationships and the value of life, above any question of genetic disease. Some participants shared accounts that were fraught with ambivalence, repentance and guilt, especially when children were born before participants knew of their own or their partner's risk. Participants’ accounts also showed they make continued efforts to see themselves as responsible persons and to appear responsible in the eyes of others. We discuss findings in the context of participants’ negotiation between genetic risk and their sense of responsibility toward themselves and others; we conclude that “genetic responsibility” is present not only in accounts of those who chose not to have children but also in those who make an informed decision to have at‐risk children.
Interaction analysis of gene variants related to one‐carbon metabolism with chronic hepatitis B infection in Chinese patients
Authors: Sun Yao‐Hui , Gao Jie , Liu Xu‐Dong , Tang Hong‐Wei , Cao Sheng‐Li , Zhang Jia‐Kai , Wen Pei‐Hao , Wang Zhi‐Hui , Li Jie , Guo Wen‐Zhi , Zhang Shui‐Jun
Published: April 2021

Background

The risk of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is influenced by aberrant DNA methylation and altered nucleotide synthesis and repair, possibly caused by polymorphic variants in one‐carbon metabolism genes. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between polymorphisms belonging to the one‐carbon metabolic pathway and CHB infection.

Methods

A case–control study using 230 CHB patients and 234 unrelated healthy controls was carried out to assess the genetic association of 24 single nucleotide polymorphisins (SNPs) determined by mass spectrometry.

Results

Three SNPs, comprising rs10717122 and rs2229717 in serine hydroxymethyltransferase1/2 (SHMT2) and rs585800 in betaine‐homocysteine S‐methyltransferase (BHMT), were associated with the risk of CHB. Patients with DEL allele, DEL.DEL and DEL.T genotypes of rs10717122 had a 1.40‐, 2.00‐ and 1.83‐fold increased risk for CHB, respectively. Cases inheriting TA genotype of rs585800 had a 2.19‐fold risk for CHB infection. The T allele of rs2229717 was less represented in the CHB cases (odds ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval = 0.48–0.92). The T allele of rs2229717 was less in patients with a low hepatitis B virus‐DNA level compared to the control group (odds ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence interval = 0.25–0.97) and TT genotype of rs2229717 had a significant correlation with hepatitis B surface antigen level (p = 0.0195). Further gene–gene interaction analysis showed that subjects carrying the rs10717122 DEL.DEL/DEL.T and rs585800 TT/TA genotypes had a 2.74‐fold increased risk of CHB.

Conclusions

The results of the present study suggest that rs10717122, rs585800 and rs2229717 and gene–gene interactions of rs10717122 and rs585800 affect the outcome of CHB infection, at the same time as indicating their usefulness as a predictive and diagnostic biomarker of CHB infection.
Quantitative 3D Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer Imaging for Evaluation of Knee Cartilage Degeneration In Vivo
Authors: Xue Yan‐Ping , Ma Ya‐Jun , Wu Mei , Jerban Saeed , Wei Zhao , Chang Eric Y. , Du Jiang
Published: April 2021

Background

Recent studies suggest that macromolecular fraction (MMF) derived from three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE‐MT) imaging is insensitive to the magic angle effect. However, its clinical use in osteoarthritis (OA) remains to be investigated.

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of 3D UTE‐MT‐derived MMF in differentiating normal from degenerated cartilage.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Sixty‐two participants (54.8 ± 16.7 years, 30 females) with and without OA, plus two healthy volunteers (mean age 35.0 years) for reproducibility test.

Field Strength/Sequence

3 T/UTE‐MT sequence.

Assessment

A 3D UTE‐MT sequence was employed to calculate MMF based on a two‐pool model. Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade and Whole‐Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) were evaluated by three experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. KL grade was condensed into three groups: KL0, KL1–2, and KL3–4. WORMS was regrouped based on extent of lesion (extent group) and depth of lesion (depth group), respectively. The performance of MMF at evaluating the degeneration of cartilage was assessed via Spearman's correlation coefficient and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated according to the receiver‐operating characteristic curve.

Statistical Tests

After normality check, one‐way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the performance. Tukey–Kramer test was performed for post hoc testing.

Results

MMF showed significant negative correlations with KL grade (r = −0.53, P < 0.05) and WORMS (r = −0.49, P < 0.05). Significantly lower MMFs were found in subjects with greater KL grade (11.8 ± 0.8% for KL0; 10.9 ± 0.9% for KL1–2; 10.6 ± 1.1% for KL3–4; P < 0.05) and in cartilage with greater extent (12.1 ± 1.6% for normal cartilage; 10.9 ± 1.6% for regional lesions; 9.6 ± 1.7% for diffuse lesions; P < 0.05) and depth (12.1 ± 1.6% for normal cartilage; 10.6 ± 1.6% for partial‐thickness lesions; 8.8 ± 1.7% for full‐thickness lesions; P < 0.05) of lesions. AUC values of MMF for doubtful‐minimal OA (KL1–2) and mild cartilage degradation (WORMS1–2) were 0.8 and 0.7, respectively.

Data Conclusion

This study highlights the clinical potential of MMF in the detection of early OA.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy Stage

2
Structural optimization method of foldable active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode panel based on mechanical theory
Authors: Wu Di , Liao Dunming , Shi Junke , Jia Yongzhen
Published: April 2021

The multineutral plane phenomenon of foldable panel can obviously reduce the strain of the active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) panel after being bent, but it also complicates the optimization of the panel structure. Considering the force balance at the axis of symmetry after the panel was folded, this paper established the basic theory of AMOLED panel structure optimization, which indicated the direction of structure optimization of the panel. Then, the theory was validated by numerical simulation. It can be used to guide the structural design of the foldable panel.
Predictors of early recurrence following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection for localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Narayanan Sowmya , AlMasri Samer , Zenati Mazen , Nassour Ibrahim , Chopra Asmita , Rieser Caroline , Smith Katelyn , Oyefusi Vivianne , Daum Tracy , Bahary Nathan , Bartlett David , Lee Kenneth , Zureikat Amer , Paniccia Alessandro
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAT) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is increasingly being utilized. However, a significant number of patients will experience early recurrence, possibly negating the benefit of surgery. We aimed to identify factors implicated in early disease recurrence.

Methods

A retrospective review of pancreaticoduodenectomies performed between 2005 and 2017 at our institution for PDAC following NAT was performed. A 6‐month cut‐off was used to stratify patients into early/late recurrence groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of recurrence.

Results

Of 273 patients, 64 (23%) developed early recurrence or died within 90 days of surgery. The median time to recurrence was 4 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2–4.3) in the early group versus 16 months (95% CI: 13.7–19.9) in the late group. The former had higher baseline and post‐NAT Ca19‐9 levels than the latter (472 vs. 153 IU/ml, p = 0.001 and 71 vs. 39 IU/ml, p = 0.005, respectively). A higher positive lymph node ratio significantly increased the risk of early recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]: 15.9, p < 0.001) while adjuvant chemotherapy was protective (HR: 0.4, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our findings acknowledge the limitations of clinically measured factors used to ascertain response to NAT and underline the need for individualized molecular markers that take into consideration the specific tumor biology.
Modified Head and Neck Swallow Scale: Using EORTC‐QLQ‐H&N35 to Predict Overall Survival
Authors: von Allmen Douglas , Tang Alice , Takiar Vinita , Zender Chad , Romeo Stephen , Masch Jessica , Casper Keith , Patil Yash , Wilson Keith , Khosla Siddarth , Niu Liang , Altaye Mekibib , Tabangin Meredith , Howell Rebecca J.
Published: April 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

Dysphagia is a treatment‐related complication of head and neck cancer (HNCA). We demonstrate the predictive value of a modified head and neck swallow scale (m‐HNSW) adapted from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Head and Neck 35 (EORTC‐QLQ‐H&N35).

Study Design

Retrospective Cohort Study.

Methods

Retrospective, single‐center cohort study utilizing a prospectively collected database of HNCA patients in a high‐volume tertiary referral center. 736 HNCA patients more than 2 years from completion of treatment were identified. EORTC‐QLQ‐H&N35 data collected from at least one of three defined episodes of care were used. The m‐HNSW uses three questions to form a 9‐point dysphagia scale. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the effect of the m‐HNSW while controlling for demographics, tumor staging, site, and treatment.

Results

Using data from 3, 6, 12 months from treatment, we analyzed a subset that included 328 patients. Three months after the completion of therapy, the m‐HNSW score had a significant association with 1 (HR = 1.24, P = .0005) and 5 year survival (HR = 1.19, P = .0002) after accounting for body mass index. Six (HR = 1.14, P = .014) and 12 month (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.33, P < .0001) scores post completion of therapy predict 5‐year survival. An increase of the m‐HNSW score by 1 point was associated with an increase in death by 24%, and 19% at 1 and 5 years following therapy.

Conclusions

The m‐HNSW is a simple assessment of dysphagia using previously validated EORTC‐QLC‐H&N35 data that when taken at 3, 6, and 12 months after completion of therapy is predictive of overall survival.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:2478–2482, 2021
Manganese biogeochemistry in the Southern Ocean, from Tasmania to Antarctica
Authors: Latour Pauline , Wuttig Kathrin , van der Merwe Pier , Strzepek Robert F. , Gault‐Ringold Melanie , Townsend Ashley T. , Holmes Thomas M. , Corkill Matthew , Bowie Andrew R.
Published: April 2021

Manganese (Mn) is an abundant element in the Earth's crust. However, its concentrations in open ocean seawater are low, where external inputs are scarce. In this study, we report the dissolved Mn and particulate Mn distributions in the Southern Ocean, measured along the GEOTRACES—SR3 transect, from Tasmania (Australia) to Antarctica in the Southern Ocean, during the austral summer 2018. Both dissolved Mn and particulate Mn concentrations were generally low away from localized sources (< 0.3 nmol L−1 and < 0.1 nmol L−1, respectively) along the transect. Our observations of a lower labile particulate fraction than previously measured suggest the Southern Ocean has a unique particulate Mn composition. Low surface dissolved Mn concentrations were attributed to biological uptake and few external sources. Our results suggest biological control of the Mn cycle was higher above the Antarctic continental slope, compared to the rest of the section, and our particulate Mn : P ratios indicated the presence of iron‐stressed diatoms south of the Sub‐Antarctic Front. We suggest low dissolved Mn surface concentrations may (co‐)limit phytoplankton growth in this region. Localized higher dissolved Mn concentrations were observed due to external sources, such as sedimentary and hydrothermal inputs. The presence of an eddy at the same latitude as a hydrothermal plume induced an upwelling of hydrothermally enriched waters up to 1000 m; however, no dissolved Mn inputs to the surface waters were observed. We suggest previous dissolved Mn inputs to the surface layer may be obscured by biological uptake.
In Vivo Degradation Mechanisms of Aliphatic Polycarbonates and Functionalized Aliphatic Polycarbonates
Authors: Amsden Brian
Published: April 2021

Aliphatic polycarbonates (APCs) have been studied for decades but have not been as utilized as aliphatic polyesters in biomaterial applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. With the recognition that functionalized aliphatic polymers can be readily synthesized, increased attention is being paid to these materials. A frequently provided reason for utilizing these polymers is that they degrade to form diols and carbon dioxide. However, depending on the structure and molecular weight of the APC, degradation may not occur. In this review, the mechanisms by which APCs and functionalized APCs have been found to degrade in vivo are examined with the objective of providing guidance in the continued development of these polymers as biomaterials.
Analytical and experimental study for mechanical vibrations of a two‐coupled spring masses system via Caputo‐based derivatives
Authors: Martínez Jiménez Leonardo , Cruz‐Duarte Jorge Mario , Escalante‐Martínez Jesús Enrique , Rosales‐García J. Juan
Published: April 2021

This work studies a mechanical system composed of two‐spring coupled masses arrangement without damping using fractional derivatives under the Caputo sense. We determine and implement an explicit model based on the Caputo‐Fabrizio operator. To achieve this model, we detail a systematic methodology that avoids dimensional inconsistencies. Then, we use the proposed model to explain the system dynamic acquired from an experimental (quite rudimentary) setup. We also compare our results to those achieved from the ordinary model and the numerical implementation using the Caputo derivative definition. Results prove that the proposed model describes the dynamic of this mechanical system better than the ordinary and numerical models. We also show that the fractional order allows the model (obtained from an idealized undamped system) to describe dynamics from fully dissipative to wholly oscillatory. Moreover, we discuss other exciting characteristics of the obtained responses.
Male pelvic multi‐organ segmentation on transrectal ultrasound using anchor‐free mask CNN
Authors: Lei Yang , Wang Tonghe , Roper Justin , Jani Ashesh B. , Patel Sagar A. , Curran Walter J. , Patel Pretesh , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Current prostate brachytherapy uses transrectal ultrasound images for implant guidance, where contours of the prostate and organs‐at‐risk are necessary for treatment planning and dose evaluation. This work aims to develop a deep learning‐based method for male pelvic multi‐organ segmentation on transrectal ultrasound images.

Methods

We developed an anchor‐free mask convolutional neural network (CNN) that consists of three subnetworks, that is, a backbone, a fully convolutional one‐state object detector (FCOS), and a mask head. The backbone extracts multi‐level and multi‐scale features from an ultrasound (US) image. The FOCS utilizes these features to detect and label (classify) the volume‐of‐interests (VOIs) of organs. In contrast to the design of a previously investigated mask regional CNN (Mask R‐CNN), the FCOS is anchor‐free, which can capture the spatial correlation of multiple organs. The mask head performs segmentation on each detected VOI, where a spatial attention strategy is integrated into the mask head to focus on informative feature elements and suppress noise. For evaluation, we retrospectively investigated 83 prostate cancer patients by fivefold cross‐validation and a hold‐out test. The prostate, bladder, rectum, and urethra were segmented and compared with manual contours using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 95% Hausdorff distance (HD95), mean surface distance (MSD), center of mass distance (CMD), and volume difference (VD).

Results

The proposed method visually outperforms two competing methods, showing better agreement with manual contours and fewer misidentified speckles. In the cross‐validation study, the respective DSC and HD95 results were as follows for each organ: bladder 0.75 ± 0.12, 2.58 ± 0.7 mm; prostate 0.93 ± 0.03, 2.28 ± 0.64 mm; rectum 0.90 ± 0.07, 1.65 ± 0.52 mm; and urethra 0.86 ± 0.07, 1.85 ± 1.71 mm. For the hold‐out tests, the DSC and HD95 results were as follows: bladder 0.76 ± 0.13, 2.93 ± 1.29 mm; prostate 0.94 ± 0.03, 2.27 ± 0.79 mm; rectum 0.92 ± 0.03, 1.90 ± 0.28 mm; and urethra 0.85 ± 0.06, 1.81 ± 0.72 mm. Segmentation was performed in under 5 seconds.

Conclusion

The proposed method demonstrated fast and accurate multi‐organ segmentation performance. It can expedite the contouring step of prostate brachytherapy and potentially enable auto‐planning and auto‐evaluation.
Treatment response prediction using MRI‐based pre‐, post‐, and delta‐radiomic features and machine learning algorithms in colorectal cancer
Authors: Shayesteh Sajad , Nazari Mostafa , Salahshour Ali , Sandoughdaran Saleh , Hajianfar Ghasem , Khateri Maziar , Yaghobi Joybari Ali , Jozian Fariba , Fatehi Feyzabad Seyed Hasan , Arabi Hossein , Shiri Isaac , Zaidi Habib
Published: April 2021

Objectives

We evaluate the feasibility of treatment response prediction using MRI‐based pre‐, post‐, and delta‐radiomic features for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (nCRT).

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study included 53 LARC patients divided into a training set (Center#1, n = 36) and external validation set (Center#2, n = 17). T2‐weighted (T2W) MRI was acquired for all patients, 2 weeks before and 4 weeks after nCRT. Ninety‐six radiomic features, including intensity, morphological and second‐ and high‐order texture features were extracted from segmented 3D volumes from T2W MRI. All features were harmonized using ComBat algorithm. Max‐Relevance‐Min‐Redundancy (MRMR) algorithm was used as feature selector and k‐nearest neighbors (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Random forests (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) algorithms were used as classifiers. The evaluation was performed using the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

Results

In univariate analysis, the highest AUC in pre‐, post‐, and delta‐radiomic features were 0.78, 0.70, and 0.71, for GLCM_IMC1, shape (surface area and volume) and GLSZM_GLNU features, respectively. In multivariate analysis, RF and KNN achieved the highest AUC (0.85 ± 0.04 and 0.81 ± 0.14, respectively) among pre‐ and post‐treatment features. The highest AUC was achieved for the delta‐radiomic‐based RF model (0.96 ± 0.01) followed by NB (0.96 ± 0.04). Overall. Delta‐radiomics model, outperformed both pre‐ and post‐treatment features (P‐value <0.05).

Conclusion

Multivariate analysis of delta‐radiomic T2W MRI features using machine learning algorithms could potentially be used for response prediction in LARC patients undergoing nCRT. We also observed that multivariate analysis of delta‐radiomic features using RF classifiers can be used as powerful biomarkers for response prediction in LARC.
Persistence and Dispersal of Stocked Rainbow Trout in an Alabama Tailwater
Authors: Baker Sarah M. , Sammons Steven M.
Published: April 2021

Tailwater trout fisheries provide popular and unique opportunities for anglers across the southeastern USA but often suffer from high mortality and low returns to creel. The Sipsey Fork tailwater in Alabama provides such an opportunity and is stocked monthly with Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. However, a recent creel survey found that less than 25% of fish stocked each month were harvested, with the fate of remaining fish unknown. Thus, movement patterns and fates of four cohorts of stocked Rainbow Trout were examined in the Sipsey Fork using radiotelemetry. Ninety-two tagged Rainbow Trout travelled an average of 5.8 km (SE = 0.7 km) away from their stocking location. Dam operation rarely appeared to influence trout movement. However, tagged Rainbow Trout rapidly dispersed below where most angler access was located; more than 40% of fish locations were found in this area by 3 weeks poststocking in three of four cohorts. Overall, only 30% of tagged Rainbow Trout remained alive 5 weeks after stocking. Rainbow Trout survival during this 5-week period ranged from 11% to 74% across cohorts, and those stocked in January exhibited greater survival than those stocked in June or October. Factors affecting trout movement and mediating Rainbow Trout survival may include Striped Bass Morone saxatilis predation, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentrations during certain times of the year. Efforts to mitigate such factors by altering stocking schedules could increase longevity of stocked Rainbow Trout and therefore maximize availability of fish to anglers. However, the propensity of stocked fish to migrate below the area of public access will continue to limit catch and harvest from this fishery.
Applicability of a proposed groundwater level determination approach for the K‐NET in Japan
Authors: Thabet Mostafa
Published: April 2021

The evaluation of groundwater presence by means of seismic wave velocities is of great concern for many hydrological related engineering applications. This work introduces a simple basic procedure to accurately and systematically identify groundwater levels using P‐wave and S‐wave velocities. This procedure is defined as a seismic reflectivity parameter and based on the seismic reflection coefficients of P‐wave and S‐wave at the unsaturated/saturated interfaces (i.e., groundwater level). The present procedure is applied to 1045 K‐NET sites in Japan. Observed velocity structures, accompanied by their bulk densities and detailed lithology, for the upper 20 m depth are obtained from the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Japan. Calculations are carried out considering three distinct lithological conditions – gravel, sand and clay–silt sediments – in order to evaluate the ability of this approach (seismic reflectivity parameter) to detect the groundwater level and assess its practical limitations. The increase of the seismic reflectivity parameter value varies substantially with Poisson's ratio, resembling the relationship between and Poisson's ratio in gravel, sand and clay–silt sediments. However, positive seismic reflectivity parameter values indicate groundwater presence, whereas negative seismic reflectivity parameter values indicate lithological variation. The seismic reflectivity parameter can also be used as a relative indicator for groundwater saturation levels. Fair comparisons are established between the seismic reflectivity parameter and the water seismic index technique. However, the seismic reflectivity parameter approach shows consistency with previous theoretical and experimental studies related to variations of and in saturated conditions, whereas the water seismic index shows inconsistency with these previous theoretical and experimental studies and an inability in determining saturation levels and detecting groundwater levels.
Adipocyte Proteins and Storage of Endogenous Fatty Acids in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Severe Obesity
Authors: Lytle Kelli A. , Bush Nikki C. , Triay Jessica M. , Kellogg Todd A. , Kendrick Michael L. , Swain James M. , Gathaiya Nicola W. , Hames Kazanna C. , Jensen Michael D.
Published: April 2021

Objective

This study tested whether substrate concentrations or fatty acid storage proteins predict storage of endogenous lipids in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and upper body subcutaneous adipose tissue (UBSQ) fat.

Methods

The day prior to surgery, 25 patients undergoing bariatric procedures received an infusion of autologous [1‐14C]triolein‐labeled very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, and during surgery, they received a continuous [U‐13C]palmitate infusion/bolus [9,10‐3H]palmitate tracer. VAT and UBSQ fat were collected to measure VLDL‐triglyceride (TG) storage, direct free fatty acid (FFA) storage rates, CD36 content, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), acyl‐CoA synthetase, diacylglycerol acetyl‐transferase, and glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase activities.

Results

Storage of VLDL‐TG and FFA‐palmitate in UBSQ and VAT was not different. Plasma palmitate concentrations correlated with palmitate storage rates in UBSQ and VAT (r = 0.46, P = 0.02 and r = 0.46, P = 0.02, respectively). In VAT, VLDL‐TG storage was correlated with VLDL concentrations (r = 0.53, P < 0.009) and LPL (r = 0.42, P < 0.05). In UBSQ, VLDL‐TG storage was correlated with LPL (r = 0.42, P < 0.05). CD36, acyl‐CoA synthetase, glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase, and diacylglycerol acetyl‐transferase were not correlated with VLDL‐TG or palmitate storage.

Conclusions

Adipose storage of VLDL‐TG is predicted by VLDL‐TG concentrations and LPL; FFA concentrations predict direct adipose tissue FFA storage rates.