bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transesophageal Echocardiography for Mitral Valve Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair
Authors: Burkule Nitin J. , Bansal Manish
Published: November 2022

Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) has emerged as a viable treatment option for patients with degenerative or functional severe mitral regurgitation (MR) who are at high risk for mitral valve surgery but have mitral valve anatomy suitable for TEER. The MitraClip and Pascal repair system are the two TEER devices currently approved for clinical use for transcatheter treatment of MR in selected patients. Of these two, the MitraClip has become a more established modality for TEER and is currently available in India. This review describes the role of echocardiography in patient selection and procedural guidance during TEER with MitraClip.
Corrected and Republished
Authors: Burkule Nitin J. , Bansal Manish , Govind Satish C. , Alagesan R. , Ponde Chandrashekhar K. , Parashar Satish K.
Published: November 2022

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has unique advantages over conventional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Compared with TTE, TEE generally provides excellent quality images, especially of the posteriorly situated cardiac structures, such as atria, pulmonary veins, mitral valve, and left atrial appendage. TEE also offers a useful alternative to TTE in patients in whom transthoracic acoustic windows are suboptimal. Furthermore, TEE is the most suited imaging modality for use in the operating rooms and cardiac catheterization labs for guiding cardiac surgical or interventional procedures. However, specific training and competence are required for performing TEE successfully, smoothly, safely and with minimum patient discomfort. This document describes the basic principles of TEE examination, including patient selection and preparation, periprocedural monitoring, and probe handling and maneuvers. Commonly recommended views and the techniques to obtain these views are described in detail, followed by evaluation of specific cardiac structures. Finally, the role of TEE in certain specific clinical settings, such as during advanced circulatory support, is also discussed.
An outbreak of neurologic symptoms among patients exposed to an unknown stench in a high school near an industrial complex: an epidemiological investigation
Authors: Baek Kiook , Jo Seongmin , Park Chulyong , Sakong Joon
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES: Seven students at a high school in Korea visited the emergency room with non-specific neurological symptoms after a stench was noticed during a school entrance ceremony. In relation to this incident, 105 patients visited medical institutions over 5 days. A team of environmental and epidemiological experts was assembled to investigate the incident.METHODS: Our team of experts participated in the investigation 1 month post-incident. Previously, only air samples had been analyzed. We received results of air samples analyzed by other investigators, medical records of some students, and data from police interviews of patients. Additional investigation and interviews were conducted, and the events were reconstructed in spatial and temporal order.RESULTS: A cluster of patients was observed on the south side and parts of the north side of the upper floor. A stench like that reported during the incident had been noticed for about 2 years near the school. Students consistently described a similar stench occurring frequently in the vicinity of the school. According to student statements, the odor mainly resembled something burning. The carboxyhemoglobin levels of some students were observed to be >1.5%.CONCLUSIONS: In the investigation, 2 suspected sources were identified: a science room storing chemicals downstairs from the auditorium and various industrial facilities near the school. Combining the scattered evidence, we considered a toxic puff of gas, perhaps from brief incineration or leakage in a specific area, to be the likely cause of the incident. We describe our approach and the limitations encountered during the investigation.
Non-cancer health risks in firefighters: a systematic review
Authors: Kim Jeong Ah , Song Soo Yeon , Jeong Wonjeong , Jun Jae Kwan
Published: November 2022

osFirefighters are occupationally exposed to hazardous factors that may increase their risk of disease. However, non-cancer disease risk in firefighters has not been systematically examined. This systematic review aimed to identify non-cancer disease risk in firefighters and determine whether the risk differs according to job characteristics. We searched the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and KoreaMed databases using relevant keywords from their inception to April 30, 2021. The Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies version 2.0 was used to assess the quality of evidence. Due to study heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was presented. The systematic literature search yielded 2,491 studies, of which 66 met the selection and quality criteria. We confirmed that the healthy worker effect is strong in firefighters as compared to the general population. We also identified a significant increase in the incidence of lumbar disc herniation, lower back pain, angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in firefighters compared to other occupational groups. Contradictory results for the risk of PTSD and anxiety disorders related to rank were reported. Sufficient evidence for increased risk of lumbar disc herniation, lower back pain, angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, and PTSD was available. The risk of non-cancer diseases varied depending on job type, years of service, and rank. However, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results because the classification criteria for firefighters’ jobs and ranks differ by country.
Geograficzne uwarunkowania utworzenia powiatu miasteckiego
Authors: Parol Adam R.
Published: November 2022

The geographical factors of the establishment the Miastko district This article raises the issue of potential possibilities for an establishment of the district with the capital in Miastko, which is the town of ten thousand residents, located in Bytów district. Miastko was already a capital of the unit in the past, but this function was not restored in 1999 or later. Based on assumptions from the period of shaping the current administrative division and the functions of the centres in the rank of the capital of the district, distinguished in the literature, in confrontation with the contemporary role of Miastko in the settlement network and its range and strength of functional and spatial relations with surroundings, the level of provision of services for the local community (including administration) was determined as well as the strength of connections between this centre and the surrounding communes. For the purposes of the article, the indicator of communication linkages was constructed, which was used as one of the measures of the size of functional connections between neighbouring communes and Miastko. All the considerations are set in the context of the demographic potential of the possible unit and the regional distinctiveness of the Middle Pomerania, including administratively as the Middle Pomerania Province. The undertaking of this topic is related to the constant need to discuss the shape of the administrative division in Poland and the willingness of the scientific community to formulate recommendations for decision makers in this regard. Zarys treści: Artykuł podejmuje tematykę potencjalnej możliwości utworzenia powiatu ze stolicą w Miastku – 10-tysięcznym mieście położonym w powiecie bytowskim. Ośrodek ten pełnił taką funkcję w przeszłości, jednak rola ta nie została mu przywrócona w 1999 r. ani później. Na podstawie założeń pochodzących z okresu kształtowania obecnie obowiązującego podziału administracyjnego oraz wyróżnianych w literaturze przedmiotu funkcji ośrodków w randze stolicy powiatu, w konfrontacji ze współczesną rolą Miastka w sieci osadniczej oraz zasięgu i sile relacji funkcjonalno-przestrzennych miasta z jego otoczeniem, określono stopień wyposażenia potencjalnej stolicy powiatu miasteckiego w usługi służące obsłudze lokalnej społeczności (w tym w zakresie administracji) oraz siłę powiązań między tymże ośrodkiem a okolicznymi gminami. Na potrzeby badania stworzono wskaźnik ciążeń komunikacyjnych, który wykorzystano jako jedną z miar wielkości związków funkcjonalnych między sąsiednimi gminami a Miastkiem. Całość rozważań osadzona jest w kontekście potencjału demograficznego ewentualnej jednostki oraz odrębności regionalnej Pomorza Środkowego, w tym administracyjnie – jako województwa środkowopomorskiego. Podjęcie tej tematyki związane jest z nieustającą potrzebą dyskusji nad kształtem podziału administracyjnego w Polsce oraz chęcią sformułowania rekomendacji ze strony środowiska naukowego dla decydentów w tym zakresie. Słowa kluczowe: Miastko, Pomorze Środkowe, powiat, podział administracyjny, usługi
Polish Etymology: Past, Present, Future
Authors: Waniakowa Jadwiga
Published: November 2022

Celem artykułu jest opis i analiza zadań oraz perspektyw współczesnych badań etymologicznych w Polsce. Artykuł rozpoczyna się krótkim zarysem historii pierwszych słowiańskich słowników etymologicznych. Następnie omówiono pokrótce współczesne słowniki etymologiczne w Polsce oraz współczesną metodologię badań etymologicznych. Potem autor odwołuje się do przełomu cyfrowego w badaniach etymologicznych i opisuje współczesny model edukacji językowej w Polsce. Uważa się, że gwałtowny spadek liczby specjalistów w zakresie etymologii jest wynikiem wycofania przedmiotów historyczno-językowych i historyczno-porównawczych z programów uniwersyteckich. Autor proponuje różne sposoby zachęcania studentów do studiowania etymologii. Artykuł kończy się omówieniem wyzwań stojących przed etymologami, w tym badań nad pochodzeniem słownictwa dawnego, gwarowego, potocznego i środowiskowego oraz etymologią słownictwa języków zagrożonych, a także sugestiami, jak można tym wyzwaniom sprostać w przyszłości. ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to describe and analyse the tasks and perspectives within contemporary etymological research in Poland. The article begins with a brief outline of the first Slavic etymological dictionaries. Next, contemporary etymological dictionaries in Poland and the contemporary methodology of etymological research are briefly discussed. Then the author refers to the digital breakthrough in etymological research and describes the present-day model of linguistic education in Poland. A sharp decline in the number of specialists in etymology is argued to be a result of the withdrawal of historical-linguistic and historical-comparative subjects in university curricula and the author suggests various ways of encouraging students to study etymology. The article finishes with a discussion of the challenges facing etymologists, including research into the roots of ancient, dialectal, colloquial, and sociolectal vocabulary, as well as the origins of the vocabulary of endangered languages, followed by suggestions for how these can be overcome in the future.
Zapomnienie jako utrata tożsamości we współczesnej prozie czeskiej i chorwackiej (Katerina Tučková „Wypędzenie Gerty Schnirch”, Ivana Šojat-Kuči „Unterstadt”
Authors: Dyras Magdalena
Published: November 2022

Losy mniejszości niemieckiej zamieszkującej przed II wojną światową kraje słowiańskie stały się w ostatnich latach tematem licznych powieści, nie tylko takich, których autorzy byli świadkami dramatycznych wydarzeń, jakie miały miejsce po zakończeniu wojny, ale również młodych pisarzy, którzy o losie grup marginalizowanych dowiedzieli się dopiero po 1989 roku. Za sprawą literatury dokonała się cyrkulacja obrazów powojennej historii, które do tej pory stanowiły „białą plamę”. Niemieccy mieszkańcy Brna (Tučková) czy Osijeku (Šojat-Kuči) zostali na wiele lat wykluczeni z oficjalnej pamięci, usunięci z opracowań historycznych, skazani na wykluczenie społeczne, utratę własnego języka i tożsamości. Co ciekawe, zapomnienie, wymazanie z pamięci objęło także przestrzeń miasta, w której bohaterowie analizowanych powieści niegdyś zamieszkiwali. Wybrane teksty literackie pozwalają prześledzić jak konstruowany jest obraz pamięci i jakim podlega manipulacjom.

Oblivion as a Loss of Identity in Contemporary Czech and Croatian Prose (Kateřina Tučková “The Expulsion of Gerta Schnirch”, Ivana Šojat-Kuči “Unterstadt”)

The fate of the German minority living in the Slavic countries before World War II has become the subject of numerous novels in recent years, not only those whose authors witnessed dramatic events that took place after the end of the war, but also young writers who only learned about the fate of marginalized groups after 1989. Thanks to literature, images of post-war history which until then had been a „blank spot”, started to circulate. The German inhabitants of Brno (Tučková) or Osijek (Šojat-Kuči) were for many years wiped from official memory, erased from historical studies, doomed to social exclusion, loss of their own language and identity. Interestingly, oblivion and erasure also encompass the city space where the characters of the analyzed novels once lived. Selected literary texts make it possible to trace how the image of memory is constructed and how it is manipulated.
Zapomnienie a pamięć zmanipulowana („Granica zapomnienia” Siergieja Lebiediewa)
Authors: Duda Katarzyna
Published: November 2022

Prezentowany artykuł to bezpośrednie odniesienie do książki Siergieja Lebiediewa Granica zapomnienia, w której autor występuje równocześnie jako narrator i główny bohater. Powieści nie można analizować inaczej jak tylko poprzez rozszyfrowanie nagromadzonych w niej symboli. Jedna z warstw utworu dotyczy duchowego dojrzewania bohatera, dla którego impulsem jest pojawienie się w jego dzieciństwie demonicznego Drugiego Dziadka. Pragnąc rozwiązać tajemnicę tego ostatniego, narrator dociera do świata stalinowskich łagrów. Zabudowania po nich zostały zniszczone, sprawców nie osądzono, ludziom wygodniej jest o nich zapomnieć. Bohater, chcąc odtworzyć dziedzictwo przodków, staje się swego rodzaju kolekcjonerem: zbiera przedmioty z przeszłości, kolekcjonuje wspomnienia uczestników tragicznych wydarzeń, ich pamiętniki… W ten sposób to, co było nakłada się na teraźniejszość i rzutuje w przyszłość. Aby przekroczyć granicę zapomnienia, należy przełamać strach i konformizm, nauczyć się odpowiedzialności i, wykorzystując pamięć kulturową, dotrzeć do Prawdy.

The Oblivion and Manipulated Memory (“The Limit of Forgetting” by Sergey Lebedev)

The article presented here is a direct reference to Sergei Lebedev’s book The Limit of Forgetting, in which the author acts simultaneously as narrator and main character. The novel cannot be analysed except by deciphering the symbols accumulated in it. One of the layers of the work concerns the spiritual development of the protagonist, the impetus for which is the appearance of a demonic Second Grandfather in his childhood. Desiring to solve the mystery of the latter, the narrator reaches the world of Stalinist camps. The buildings left behind were destroyed, the perpetrators have not been brought to justice, people are more comfortable to forget about them. The protagonist, wanting to recreate the legacy of his ancestors, becomes a kind of collector: he collects objects from the past, collects memories of participants in tragic events, their diaries... In this way, the past overlaps with the present and is projected into the future. In order to cross the boundary of oblivion, it is necessary to overcome fear and conformity, learn responsibility and, using cultural memory, reach the Truth.
Zapomniany motyw dalmatyńskiej mamki a modelowanie wyobrażeń o Dalmacji w prozie Milana Begovicia, Vladana Desnicy i Enza Bettizy
Authors: Czerwiński Maciej
Published: November 2022

Celem artykułu jest omówienie zapomnianego motywu mamki dalmatyńskiej w prozie artystycznej trzech pisarzy Milana Begovicia, Vladana Desnicy i Enza Bettizy oraz próba usytuowania go w kontekście sporów o Dalmację. Literackie aktualizacje mamki wpisują się w strategie modelowania regionu Dalmacji kontynentalnej zgodne z paradygmatami odwołującymi się do wizji „szlachetnych dzikusów” (Morlaków/Vlajów). One zaś mogą służyć zarówno w kreśleniu polityki kolonizacyjnej (tak w XVIII wieku czyniła to Republika Wenecja), jak i w definiowaniu kompleksowych relacji na tym chorwacko-serbsko-włoskim pograniczu.

The Forgotten Motif of a Dalmatian Wet Nurse and Modeling the Image of Dalmatia in the Prose of Milan Begović, Vladan Desnica and Enzo Bettiza

The aim of the article is to discuss the forgotten motif of a Dalmatian wet nurse in the artistic prose of three writers: Milan Begović, Vladan Desnica and Enzo Bettiza, and attempt to situate it in the context of disputes over Dalmatia. The literary update on the motif is in line with the modeling strategies of Dalmatian hinterland referring to the vision of “noble savages” (the Morlacchis/Vlajs). They can serve in bringing about the colonisation policy (as was done in the 18th century by the Republic of Venice) as well as in defining complex relationships in this Croatian-Serbian-Italian borderlands.
Przyszłość niemożliwa. Zapominanie i formy zapomnienia w „Schronie przeciwczasowym” Georgiego Gospodinowa
Authors: Pytlak Magdalena
Published: November 2022

Utrata pamięci stanowi swoistą oś najnowszej powieści bułgarskiego pisarza Georgiego Gospodinowa. W artykule podjęta zostaje próba prześledzenia form zapomnienia oraz procesu zapominania pojawiających się w Schronie przeciwczasowym. Punktem odniesienia dla rozważań jest stosunek bohaterów do czasu oraz historii. Jednocześnie studium stanowi próbę odczytania implikowanych form niepamięci, które na pozór łączą się z procesem przeciwnym – pamiętaniem.

Impossible Future. Forms of Forgetting and Oblivion in “Time Shelter” by Goergi Gospodinov

Losing memory is a kind of axis of the latest novel by a Bulgarian writer Georgi Gospodinov. The article attempts to trace the forms of oblivion and forgetting process that appear in Time Shelter. The point of reference for the considerations is the characters’ attitude to time and history. At the same time, the study is an attempt to read the implied forms of oblivion which seem to be connected with the opposite process – remembering.
Świadectwo wbrew zapomnieniu – reminiscencje Evy Grlić i Jeli Godlar między literaturą i egzystencją
Authors: Kurtok Antonina
Published: November 2022

W artykule ujęto problematykę literackiej walki z zapomnieniem. Analizie poddano utwory dwóch chorwackich autorek – pochodzącej z kosmopolitycznej rodziny węgierskich Żydów, aktywnej w titowskiej partyzantce i więzionej na Nagiej Wyspie Evy Grlić (Sjećanja 1998) oraz związanej z nadmorskim Šibenikiem, lecz o skomplikowanych środkowoeuropejskich korzeniach Jeli Godlar (Limenke i ciklame 1992). Teksty te wyróżniają się na tle chorwackiego pisarstwa lat 90. XX wieku, z uwagi na koncentrację na wydarzeniach drugiej wojny światowej i okresie tuż po jej zakończeniu. Intencją autorek było „ocalenie od zapomnienia” pokoleniowego przeżycia nim prymat w świadomości zbiorowej zyskają narracje traktujące o kolejnej wojnie – postjugosłowiańskiej. Utwory stanowią psychologiczno- estetyczny wyraz obawy przed tak rozumianym zapomnieniem, oznaczającym ostateczne zatarcie śladów (narracyjnych świadectw) istnienia w ważnym okresie historii najnowszej.

A Testimony Against Oblivion – Reminiscences of Eva Grlić and Jela Godlar’s Between Literature and Existe

The article deals with the literary struggle with oblivion. The author analyses works of two Croatian authors – Eva Grlić’s (Sjećanja 1998) who came from the cosmopolitan family of Hungarian Jews, active in the Tito’s underground army and imprisoned on the Naked Island, and Jela Godlar’s (Limenke and ciklame 1992) who had connections with the seaside town Šibenik, but having complex Central European roots. These texts stand out from the Croatian writing of the 1990s due to their focus on the events of the Second World War and the period directly proceeding its end. The authors’ intention was to “save from oblivion” a generational experience before the primacy of the collective consciousness will be given to narratives about the next – post-Yugoslav – war. The works are a psychological and aesthetic expression of fear of oblivion understood as the final blurring of traces (narrative testimonies) of existence in a such important period of modern history.
Powieść generacyjna jako konfrontacja z „pierwszą pamięcią” („Granica zapomnienia” Siergiej Lebiediew)
Authors: Kowalska Martyna
Published: November 2022

Fenomen powieści rodzinnej, jako literatury pamięci, zajmuje ważne miejsce we współczesnej literaturze rosyjskiej. Teksty tego typu są najczęściej pisane z perspektywy dzieci i wnuków, zainteresowanych własną genealogią. Problematyka utworów wpisuje się w szerszy kontekst interdyscyplinarnych badań nad postpamięcią, obejmujących swym zasięgiem przestrzenie dotknięte traumą pokoleniową. W artykule podjęto analizę debiutanckiego utworu Siergieja Lebiediewa Granica zapomnienia (2010), w której bohater podąża śladami przodka. Powieść jest rozpatrywana jako medium pamięci zbiorowej oraz alternatywa dla oficjalnej polityki historycznej (tzw. „pierwszej pamięci”).

Generational Novel as a Confrontation with the “First Memory” (“Oblivion” by Sergei Lebedev)

The phenomenon of generational novel is an important element of contemporary Russian literature. Such texts are usually written from the perspective of children or grandchildren who are interested in their genealogy. The issues tackled by these novels fit into the broader context of post-memory studies, a field which includes also the sphere of generational trauma. The article analyses Sergei Lebedev’s debut Oblivion (2010), an autofiction novel in which the protagonist follows the traces of his ancestor. In the individual dimension, a travel to Siberia allows him to free himself from the unwanted heritage of communist past. Oblivion can be a representative of literature that offers a chance to deal with the experiences of past generations as an alternative to the official politics of history, unofficially called pervaya pamyat’ (“first memory”).
IntravesicalLactobacillus rhamnosusGG versus Saline Bladder Wash: Protocol for a Randomized, Controlled, Comparative Effectiveness Clinical Trial
Authors: Groah Suzanne L. , Tractenberg Rochelle E.
Published: November 2022

Background

Complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) is pervasive and costly among people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD).

Objectives

To describe the protocol for a comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial of intravesical Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) versus saline bladder wash (BW) for self-management of urinary symptoms.

Methods

Comparative effectiveness trial of self-administered LGG versus saline bladder wash among 120 participants with SCI+NLUTD at least 6 months post SCI. The study has both treatment and prophylaxis phases. After predictive enrichment at screening, randomized participants will enter the treatment phase (6 months) in which they instill either LGG or normal saline after trigger symptoms occur (more cloudy or more foul-smelling urine). In the prophylaxis phase (6 months), participants will instill their respective intervention every 3 days after the first occurrence of trigger symptoms.

Results

Study results will provide a comparison of effects on Urinary Symptom Questionnaire for Neurogenic Bladder (USQNB) bladder and urine symptoms and episodes of “presumed UTIs”; number of days antibiotics were used (both self-reported); days of work, school, rehabilitation, or other activity lost due to urinary symptoms; engagement with the health care system; number of instillations; satisfaction; and safety.

Conclusion

cUTI is a variable clinical entity. Unlike clinical trials that assume a single, simple entity (UTI) in inclusion or outcome criteria, this protocol targets the mechanisms underlying cUTI causes and phenotypes. Featuring reliable and valid outcome measures with analytic methods specifically appropriate for quantifying self-report, patient self-management, inclusion of both intervention and prophylactic phases, and predictive enrichment, these design elements may be adopted for future research.
A Study on Knowledge and Attitude on Vector-Borne Diseases among Secondary School Students in Rural Setup
Authors:   Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B G Nagara, Mandya, Srusti Chidri , Vinay J , Thejaswini P , Raghavendra S K
Published: November 2022

Background: In India, Vector-Borne Diseases (VBD) account for the majority of communicable illnesses. They account for 17% of the projected worldwide burden of all infectious illnesses, posing serious public health issues and impeding the country's socio-economic growth. To make a significant change in society, it is vital to increase the knowledge and attitudes of school students who serve as effective whistle-blowers between community and health educators. Hence the present study was undertaken. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study including 194 secondary school students of rural Mandya. Students who were present and willing to participate were included. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to obtain their knowledge and attitude towards VBD. The data obtained before and after the health education was analysed using the McNemar X2 test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: In the pre-test, 6.2% and 93.8% of the participants have obtained average and poor knowledge scores respectively. A statistically significant improvement in the knowledge score was seen after the health education (Z=-11.91, p<0.001). About attitude, 89.2% had a very good attitude, 9.8% had good and 1.0% had a poor attitude towards vector-borne diseases. However, after health education, it was observed that betterment in the attitude of the students. (Z= -2.63, p=0.009). Conclusion: A significant improvement in the knowledge and attitude towards VBD among the study population was observed after the health education. Keywords: Vector-Borne diseases, School students, Health education, Knowledge, Attitude
Metastatic Trends in Breast Cancer According to Molecular Subtypes, Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2neu Status
Authors:   Department of Radiation Oncology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, 462001, Madhya Pradesh, Uikey Garima , Ahirwar Hemant , Kori Rajesh , YogI Veenita , Yadav Suresh , Singh Om Prakash , Saxena Rishika , Saxena Sachet
Published: November 2022

Background : Breast cancer molecular subtypes have been established a close relationship with site specific metastasis, disease prognosis, selection of therapy and response to therapy. This study is the evaluation of primary tumor molecular determinants and its clinical outcome in association with metastatic behavior of breast cancer. Material and Methods: This prospective study was included 221 patients of breast cancer registered in the department between January 2016 to December 2018. Based upon hormonal status, patients with breast cancer were categorized into four groups i.e. luminal (ER+, PR+, HER 2neu-), HER 2neu enriched (ER-, PR-, HER 2neu+), triple positive (ER+, PR+, HER 2neu+) and triple negative (ER-, PR-, HER 2neu-). Metastatic sites were divided into skeleton and visceral (lung, liver, and brain). The study data was compiled using Microsoft Excel sheet and Chi-Square test was used to assess the association between categorical variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results : The mean age of the patients was 48.21±11.4 years (ranging from 22 to 80 years). About 36.7% and 24.9% patients were diagnosed as stage III A and stage II B respectively. Majority of patients were categorized as luminal (43%), followed by 24%, 17.2% and 15.8% as triple negative, triple positive and HER 2neu enriched respectively. Metastasis to bone following breast cancer was observed in majority i.e. 11.8% cases. Lung and liver metastasis observed in 6.3% cases each whereas brain metastasis was observed in 0.9% cases only. The higher proportions of TNBC cases metastasized to bone (22.6%), liver (7.5%), lung (7.5%) and brain (1.9%). The association between metastasis and hormonal status was statistically highly significant for bone metastasis (p<0.05). Conclusion : Breast cancer molecular subtypes have been related to considerable distinction in pattern of distant spread. Bone is the most predominant site of metastases followed by liver lung and brain. Luminal and HER 2 neu enriched subtypes having greater propensity for visceral metastasis where as TNBC predominantly show bone metastasis in this study. Keywords: Breast cancer, molecular subtypes, site-specific metastasis
Scrub Typhus - A Case Series
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Bhaarath Medical College & Hospital, Selaiyur, 600073, Chennai, Sneka P , Sangamithra V , Hamsadwani K P
Published: November 2022

Scrub typhus accounts for a considerable number of cases presenting with acute febrile illness with rash. The clinical presentation of the illness varies from non-specific illness to fatal disease. It is very important to have a high index of suspicion and to diagnose the disease at an early stage to prevent morbidity and mortality due to disease complications. KEYWORDS: Scrub, Rickettsia, Doxycycline.
Imaging Findings in A Rare Case of Congenital Intrapericardial Herniation of Liver
Authors:   Department of Radiodiagnosis, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, India,, Borpatra Gohain Dhruba , Sukanya Goswami , Punyada Padhy
Published: November 2022

Congenital intrapericardial liver herniation via a diaphragmatic defect associated with a peritoneo-pericardial communication is extremely rare and poses a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians. Radiological investigations play an unparalleled role in arriving at an accurate diagnosis. We, therefore, describe the imaging findings on chest roentgenogram, computed tomography, and ultrasonography in a four-day-old infant who presented with difficulty in breathing since birth and was eventually diagnosed as having herniation of the left lobe of the liver into the pericardium. Both ultrasonography and computed tomography can detect the disease by demonstrating anatomical and vascular continuity of the presumed intrapericardial mass with the liver. The correct diagnosis of this unusual condition is essential because surgical management is simple and distinct from other intrapericardial masses. Keywords: Intrapericardial liver herniation, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Peritoneo-pericardial defect
Evaluation of Anxiolytic Activity of Ondansetron in mice models — An Animal Experimental Research
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara (M.P), India,, Jain Vipin Kumar , Shilpa Kaore Navinchandra , Rajnish Sankadia , Megha Jain , Ritesh Upadhyay , Dileep Dandotiya
Published: November 2022

Background: Anxiety and depression are the common mental disorders, which affect the general population upto 15%, once at their life span and an important reason of disability in world with high impact on social-economic status of affected persons. The Benzodiazepines preferred for the treatment of generalized anxiety as they provide immediate relief, however the high potential for abuse and dependence, limits the utilization of Benzodiazepines. Literature suggests that increased serotonergic neurotransmission in synapse leads to allosteric modulation of serotonergic system by 5-HT1A partial agonists and with the blockade of 5-HT3 receptor by its antagonists develop anti anxiety effect which may serve as alternatives to Benzodiazepines as anxiolytic because of lesser side effects and better tolerability with favourable pharmacological records in patients. Objective: To evaluate anxiolytic activity of ondansetron in mice model. Material and methods: Male Swiss albino mice (20-30 g BW) were divided in five groups. Study was undertaken after approval from IAEC, People’s College of Medical Science and Research Centre, Bhopal. Animals received intraperitoneally either Ondansetron (0.1, 0 .5 and 1mg/kg), diazepam (1mg/kg) in intervention group or vehicle (1ml dw) in control. Elevated plus maze and hole board test were used to compare the effects of ondansetron with diazepam for evaluation of anxiolytic activity. In addition, assessment of drugs on motor activity was done by photo actometer. Result: Ondansetron exhibited significant anxiolytic activity at 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg BW dose. Comparison between groups shows significant variation (p<0.05) in dose dependent manner. Locomotor activity was not significantly changed by ondansetron at these test doses. Conclusion: Ondansetron was found to exhibit significant anxiolytic activity in mice models. Further researches are required for elucidating the mechanism and to explore its role in psychopharmacology and its therapeutic application in various psychiatric disorders including anxiety. Keywords: Ondansetron, Anxiolytic, Benzodiazepines
EDUCAÇÃO E HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO: POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS INSTITUIDORAS DE NOVOS COMPORTAMENTOS NOS TEMPOS PANDÊMICOS DA COVID-19 IMPLEMENTADAS NAS ESCOLAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE MONTES CLAROS, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Cordeiro Reis Filomena Luciene , Gonçalves Neto Wenceslau
Published: November 2022

Em 2020, um novo cenário se apresentou à humanidade motivado pela pandemia do Coronavírus. Uma realidade impactante em várias dimensões, contudo, revelando desafios para o campo educacional, objeto de nosso estudo. Como lidar com essa situação nas escolas, em especial, na rede pública em Montes Claros, Minas Gerais? Frente a essa situação, como essa crise pandêmica do Covid-19 estabeleceu as relações educacionais? Quais as políticas públicas implementadas para o Município de Montes Claros? As normas, atos administrativos do poder executivo, instituíram novos comportamentos na área de educação em Montes Claros? Com essas e outras indagações, a pesquisa objetivou estudar as legislações que conceberam experiências educacionais durante a pandemia do Covid-19 em escolas públicas na citada cidade. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada constituiu de revisão de literaturas e análise dos atos administrativos e outros documentos sobre o assunto, caracterizando como uma pesquisa qualitativa.
Littératures de l’Après : l’extrême contemporain comme représentification d’omissions du passé
Authors: BERND Zilá
Published: November 2022

L’article se veut une contribution à la réflexion sur les relations entre la Littérature Comparée et la dite “post-théorie”, mobilisant pour cela la pensée du théoricien John Faerber et sa récente publication Après la littérature : écrire le contemporain (2018). Pour contourner le préfixe « post » (postcolonialisme, postmodernisme, etc.), déjà essoufflé selon lui, Faerber préfère se référer à la littérature de l’extrême contemporain comme les « littératures d’Après », ce qui lui permet de réfléchir sur les caractéristiques d’une telle production littéraire. En se basant sur des études de Dominique Viart, il conclut que les littératures d’Après, indépendamment de la période à laquelle elles ont été écrites sont celles qui ressurgissent lorsqu’on annonce la mort de la littérature (Todorov, Compagnon, entre autres). Cette réapparition de la littérature arrive avec les romans « déconcertants », ceux qui refusent la doxa et « échappent aux significations préconçues du prêt-à-penser culturel » (Viart, 2006, p. 13). L’article se focalise sur le contexte de la littérature brésilienne, et plus précisément sur une série de romans écrits par des femmes telles que Conceição Evaristo, Ana Maria Gonçalves, Eliane Brum, Aline Bei, Carola Saavedra et Martha Batalha. Les œuvres en question sont à la fois « déconcertantes » et « transculturelles » et elles s’insurgent contre l’invisibilité et l’inaudibilité des générations qui les ont précédées. Ainsi, elles font l'inventaire des absences, « représentifient » ce qui avait été omis et questionnent les limites de la représentabilité dans la littérature.
Quelle place pour la polygamie dans une Afrique postcoloniale ? Reconfigurations ethniques dans Niketche, de l’écrivaine mozambicaine Paulina Chiziane
Authors: LANI Soraya
Published: November 2022

La survie des pratiques coloniales mal acclimatées, comme celle du mariage monogame chez des groupes pluriethniques africains est au cœur de l’intrigue de Niketche : une histoire de polygamie (2002), de l’écrivaine mozambicaine Paulina Chiziane. Cette œuvre relie les cultures de la décolonisation par la présence d’une diction féminine qui sous-tend un projet de libération de la voix féminine et de réflexion sur la condition féminine à l’ère postcoloniale. Par une analyse de l’« entre-lieu » de la survie de cette institution millénaire dans cet espace post-colonial, nous nous proposons d’analyser les stratégies discursives employées par Paulina Chiziane afin de rendre compte de l’état actuel d’« ambivalence culturelle » né d’une incessante dialectique entre le local et le global.
Português : A transnacionalidade krausziana e a erupção das “memórias subterrâneas” da diáspora judaica
Authors: MARQUES Karina
Published: November 2022

Português
Nosso artigo versa sobre o papel dos “espaços transnacionais” (Pries, 2001) na ressignificação da “comunidade imaginada” (Anderson, 1996) em Desterro. Memórias em ruínas (2011) de Luis S. Krausz. Entre os seus casarões coloniais moribundos e os seus arranha-céus opressores, São Paulo encarna o conflito identitário do protagonista: por um lado, o peso da tradição enquanto descendente de imigrantes judeus-austríacos; por outro, o apelo progressista da sociedade paulistana. Conectando o país de exílio à terra natal, esses espaços fazem emergir as “memórias subterrâneas” (Pollak, 1993) de uma identidade judaica cindida e do trauma do Holocausto.
QUADRUPOLE LENSES WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS
Authors: Bovda V.A. , Bovda A.M. , Guk I.S. , Lyashchenko V.N. , Mytsykov A.O. , Onischenko L.V.
Published: November 2022

The paper presents an overview of up-to-date design and conception of permanent magnet quadrupole lense. The overview covers two classes of magnetic systems that used in the beam transport facilities of accelerators as quadrupoles with fixed gradient and lenses with the field tuning in the wide range.
Interaction Analysis of Smoking with Liver Function Tests
Authors:   Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia, Alqaseer Ahlam Mohammed
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Smoking has been linked to harmful health impacts on several body organs including the cardiovascular system. Study objectives: The primary goal of the current study is to assess how smoking models affect the level of liver enzymes. Methods: Thirty male albino rats served as the subjects for this experimental study. We used male albino rats (Rattusratas) that were 6–8 weeks old and weighed 50–180 g. Rats were randomly allocated to one of three groups (n = 10): group 1 served as a negative control and was solely exposed to fresh air; group 2 was exposed to the most popular cigarette brands available in Jordan (red LM cigarettes) at a rate of 1 cigarette per rat per day for 30 days. Rats in group 3 were given flavored water pipes for 30 days, once a day for the entire body, after completely burning 20 g of one moassal. The smoking device was digital. LDH, AST, ALT, and liver enzymes were assessed in study groups. The collected data were examined using SPSS version 20. Results: Both exposures to cigarette smoking and water pipe smoking resulted in a considerable rise in liver enzymes. Interesting results showed that quitting smoking restored liver enzymes to levels close to those of the control group. Conclusion: Increased levels of liver enzymes are a sign that smoking causes liver damage, which can be reversed by quitting.
Triple Parasitic Infestation in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Rare Entity
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, AIIMS –Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India, Kumar Sinha Kuntal
Published: November 2022

Parasitic infections are common in immunocompromised individual, especially in HIV patients affecting the gastrointestinal tract causing severe & chronic diarrhoea. A HIV positive male patient presented to gastroenterology OPD with on and off complaints of loose stools and altered bowel habits since last one month. His CD4 cell counts were normal since last one-year record. On examination of his stool sample, larva of Strongyloides spp., oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cystoisospora belli were found. Treatment was initiated for triple parasitic infection and discharged when repeat sample
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Di Sekolah
Authors: Sri Sri Akidah
Published: November 2022

Character education in schools began to be applied in 2010 at the level of early education/kindergarten, elementary, junior high, high school, and college by incorporating the values of character in the learning of each subject. The values of these characters include religious, honest, responsible, healthy lifestyle, discipline, hard work, confident, entrepreneurial, creative, independent, curious, love science, aware of the rights and duties of others, obey the rules social, respectful work and achievements of others, polite, democratic, social and environmental, nationalist, and respect diversity. Impelementation of character education in schools is done through the preparation, implementation and assessment phase
CULTURE SHOCK: THE RUSSIAN MEDIA’S SOVIET RESPONSE TO THE KAZAKH ALPHABET SHIFT
Authors:   Harvard University, Isenberg Leora
Published: November 2022

This paper addresses the historical background of three Soviet-era tropes – loss of culture, loss of literacy, and loss of intergenerational and interethnic harmony – commonly used in the Russian media’s discussions of the Kazakh alphabet shift from Cyrillic to Latin. I seek to prove, here, that mainstream Russian publications still maintain a deeply Soviet worldview when discussing issues of language in the former Soviet republics, relying heavily on the notion that the USSR “gave” them a number of “gifts,” namely the culture, literacy, and harmony that they now perceive Kazakhstan to be losing. I will analyze each trope from both a historical and a literary perspective, beginning each sub-section by placing each trope in its Soviet linguistic context and proceeding to analyze its usage in contemporary mainstream Russian publications.
Impact of Technologies in Learning &Teaching Processes during Covid -19 in Teaching Applied Chemistry in Polytechnic System
Authors: Dr. Mudrika I Ahmed
Published: November 2022

This article is a proposal for an empirical study planned to study the impact of social media in learning and teaching processes during COVID-19 and its expected impact on post COVID-19. This study will be exclusively focus on teaching applied chemistry in Polytechnic system using the help of Technology blended learning at secondary level.
Algae and cyanobacteria in the aphotic habitats of Veternica Cave (Medvednica Mt., Croatia) and selected caves of the Dinaric karst (South-Eastern Europe)
Authors: Baković Najla , Pipan Tanja , Baković Robert , Ozimec Roman , Rubinić Josip , Matoničkin Kepčija Renata
Published: November 2022

Microphototrophs (algae and cyanobacteria) in karst environments have been intensively studied in aquatic epigean habitats. In recent decades knowledge about the communities inhabiting cave entrances and lampenflora has grown substantially, but the data about the communities in aphotic cave zone are scarce. This study aimed to investigate spatio-temporal presence of microphototrophs in the aphotic zone of Veternica Cave (Mt. Medvednica karst) and to present additional preliminary data from 22 caves of the Dinaric karst. The data were collected over ten years, in parallel with research on cave phagotrophic protists. In addition to the remains of microphototrophs, living algae and cyanobacteria were found in the cave aphotic zone. Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) were the most frequent group found, followed by green algae (Chlorophyta), golden-brown algae (Chrysophyta) and the filamentous cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria). The presence of microphototrophs was detected throughout the year but showed spatio-temporal variations. Microphototrophs were absent in the parts of Veternica Cave with seeping and dripping water, while they were occasionally present in the hydrologically active parts of the cave. The presence of diatoms in the aphotic zone of Veternica Cave was related to hydrological conditions, and was not affected by the distance from the cave entrance. The presence of microphototrophs in caves of the Dinaric karst has been associated with caves subject to various types of flooding by endogenous and exogenous water. Despite the fact that microphototrophs are passively transported to the caves from the surface habitats, the presence of live individuals in the cave aphotic zone implies that they should not be neglected in discussions about cave food webs. Future research of microphototrophs should be focused on the species identification, their abundance, survival time, and detail description of conditions that determine their presence in caves.
Disillusioned Diplomacy
Authors: Chambers Travis
Published: November 2022

This chapter interprets and lays bare a new perspective on US-China relations
by analyzing official American policy towards Wang Jingwei’s Reorganized
National Government from 1938–1945. It examines the intricate diplomatic
network present in World War II China and narrates the evolution of US
policy towards Wang Jingwei, from the initiation of his relations with Japan,
to the establishment of the Reorganized Government, and to the official
policy formulation of the US State Department. Analysis and interpretation
of US policy towards Wang Jingwei completes a piece of missing history
in US-China relations and provides a more nuanced historical narrative.
Lost Opportunity or Mission
Impossible
Authors: Yang Zhiguo
Published: November 2022

As Truman’s representative, George Marshall mediated the CCP-GMD
conflicts in China between 1945 and 1947. A cornerstone of Truman’s China
policy, the Marshall Mission has been studied by American scholars in the
context of the emerging Cold War. Investigating it from a different angle
and perspective, however, Chinese historians in both mainland China and
Taiwan are more focused on its impact on the CCP-GMD power balance
and the outcome of the Chinese civil war. A historiographical overview
of their interpretations and analysis, this chapter discusses the most
recent Chinese scholarship on the Marshall Mission and argues that the
theoretical framework and research agendas of the Chinese scholars remain
fundamentally China-centred or Taiwan-centred even after the Cold War.
Media and US-China Reconciliation
Authors: Yi Guolin
Published: November 2022

The elite US media made substantial contributions to the key events
of Sino-American rapprochement from 1969, when Richard Nixon took
office, to his historic China trip in 1972. Besides transmitting signals
between the two governments, the media proposed policies ahead of
the American government, as well as public opinion, and functioned as
‘cultural diplomats’ in the official and unofficial interactions between
the two countries. Meanwhile, the US media knowingly and unknowingly
helped China project a positive image to the world and cooperated with
the US government by cultivating the American public for better relations
between the two countries. During the ‘TV spectacle’ of Nixon’s trip in
China, media also became part of the story they covered.