bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comment on “Io Hot Spot Distribution Detected by Juno/JIRAM” by Zambon et al.
Authors: Davies Ashley Gerard
Published: January 2025

The distribution of volcanic thermal emission on Io might reflect the location and magnitude of tidal heating, so it is important to accurately identify Io’s volcanoes to enable robust interior modeling. Zambon et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl100597) “Io Hot Spot Distribution Detected by Juno/JIRAM,” Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2022GL100597 (2023) report the positions of hot spots on Io at high latitudes that are apparently spurious. This appears to be due to mis‐registration of JIRAM images to a frame of reference, leading to the same hot spot being located in different positions on Io’s surface. Other hot spots are not identified. The outcome of these additional and missing detections is a skewing of volcanic activity toward high latitudes, suggesting more polar activity than that seen at lower latitudes. This distribution of thermal sources would support a preponderance of deep mantle tidal heating, a conclusion not supported by other analyses of the same data.
Vigorous Forced Submesoscale Instability Within an Anticyclonic Eddy During Tropical Cyclone “Haitang” From Glider Array Observations
Authors: Tang Haibo , Wang Dongxiao , Shu Yeqiang , Yu Xiaolong , Shang Xuekun , Qiu Chunhua , Yu Jiancheng , Chen Ju
Published: January 2025

In this study, we examine intensive observational measurements from a 12‐glider array in the South China Sea, and reveal that tropical cyclone “Haitang” created the conditions for the development of several types of forced submesoscale instabilities within a mesoscale anticyclonic eddy. The anticyclonic eddy shed from the Kuroshio loop current in the Luzon Strait and propagated toward the South China Sea. Fine‐scale temperature and salinity observation from gliders captured the complex mesoscale frontal structure induced by mesoscale strain around anticyclonic eddy (AE). Various favorable conditions for submesoscale instabilities show significantly different spatial distributions as well as temporal evolution characteristics in the AE. Analyses indicate that the occurrence probability of forced symmetric instability (SI) and gravitational instability (GI) during the tropical cyclone (TC) period (∼5 days) is found to be 2 times higher than that during the non‐TC period (∼25 days). Heat loss creates conditions for GI in the upper part of the negative potential vorticity (PV) layer, and GIs tend to be distributed inside the eddy. Strong wind stress induced by the TC promotes the injection of negative PV through cross‐front Ekman buoyancy flux, leading to the occurrence of SI at the edge of the eddy. During the TC, stable wind fields are more favorable for the development of submesoscale instability compared to rotating wind fields. The effect of strong winds breaks the normal diurnal cycle of SI, creating conditions for active submesoscale instabilities at midday. These findings help us to understand submesoscale air‐sea interaction processes.
Pancreatic organogenesis mapped through space and time
Authors: Scavuzzo Marissa A. , Szlachcic Wojciech J. , Hill Matthew C. , Ziojla Natalia M. , Teaw Jessica , Carlson Jeffrey C. , Tiessen Jonathan , Chmielowiec Jolanta , Martin James F. , Borowiak Malgorzata
Published: January 2025

The spatial organization of cells within a tissue is dictated throughout dynamic developmental processes. We sought to understand whether cells geometrically coordinate with one another throughout development to achieve their organization. The pancreas is a complex cellular organ with a particular spatial organization. Signals from the mesenchyme, neurons, and endothelial cells instruct epithelial cell differentiation during pancreatic development. To understand the cellular diversity and spatial organization of the developing pancreatic niche, we mapped the spatial relationships between single cells over time. We found that four transcriptionally unique subtypes of mesenchyme in the developing pancreas spatially coordinate throughout development, with each subtype at fixed locations in space and time in relation to other cells, including beta cells, vasculature, and epithelial cells. Our work provides insight into the mechanisms of pancreatic development by showing that cells are organized in a space and time manner.
Dual-targeting CRISPR-CasRx reduces C9orf72 ALS/FTD sense and antisense repeat RNAs in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kempthorne Liam , Vaizoglu Deniz , Cammack Alexander J. , Carcolé Mireia , Roberts Martha J. , Mikheenko Alla , Fisher Alessia , Suklai Pacharaporn , Muralidharan Bhavana , Kroll François , Moens Thomas G. , Yshii Lidia , Verschoren Stijn , Hölbling Benedikt V. , Moreira Francisco C. , Katona Eszter , Coneys Rachel , de Oliveira Paula , Zhang Yong-Jie , Jansen Karen , Daughrity Lillian M. , McGown Alexander , Ramesh Tennore M. , Van Den Bosch Ludo , Lignani Gabriele , Rahim Ahad A. , Coyne Alyssa N. , Petrucelli Leonard , Rihel Jason , Isaacs Adrian M.
Published: January 2025

The most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an intronic G4C2 repeat expansion in C9orf72. The repeats undergo bidirectional transcription to produce sense and antisense repeat RNA species, which are translated into dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). As toxicity has been associated with both sense and antisense repeat-derived RNA and DPRs, targeting both strands may provide the most effective therapeutic strategy. CRISPR-Cas13 systems mature their own guide arrays, allowing targeting of multiple RNA species from a single construct. We show CRISPR-Cas13d variant CasRx effectively reduces overexpressed C9orf72 sense and antisense repeat transcripts and DPRs in HEK cells. In C9orf72 patient-derived iPSC-neuron lines, CRISPR-CasRx reduces endogenous sense and antisense repeat RNAs and DPRs and protects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. AAV delivery of CRISPR-CasRx to two distinct C9orf72 repeat mouse models significantly reduced both sense and antisense repeat-containing transcripts. This highlights the potential of RNA-targeting CRISPR systems as therapeutics for C9orf72 ALS/FTD.
Bright and stable anti-counterfeiting devices with independent stochastic processes covering multiple length scales
Authors: Zhang Junfang , Creamer Adam , Xie Kai , Tang Jiaqing , Salter Luke , Wojciechowski Jonathan P. , Stevens Molly M.
Published: January 2025

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are considered the most promising approach to address the global issue of counterfeiting. Current PUF devices are often based on a single stochastic process, which can be broken, especially since their practical encoding capacities can be significantly lower than the theoretical value. Here we present stochastic PUF devices with features across multiple length scales, which incorporate semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) as fluorescent taggants. The SPNs exhibit high brightness, photostability and size tunability when compared to the current state-of-the-art taggants. As a result, they are easily detectable and highly resilient to UV radiation. By embedding SPNs in photoresists, we generate PUFs consisting of nanoscale (distribution of SPNs within microspots), microscale (fractal edges on microspots), and macroscale (random microspot array) designs. With the assistance of a deep-learning model, the resulting PUFs show both near-ideal performance and accessibility for general end users, offering a strategy for next-generation security devices.
YAP-driven malignant reprogramming of oral epithelial stem cells at single cell resolution
Authors: Faraji Farhoud , Ramirez Sydney I. , Clubb Lauren M. , Sato Kuniaki , Burghi Valeria , Hoang Thomas S. , Officer Adam , Anguiano Quiroz Paola Y. , Galloway William M. G. , Mikulski Zbigniew , Medetgul-Ernar Kate , Marangoni Pauline , Jones Kyle B. , Cao Yuwei , Molinolo Alfredo A. , Kim Kenneth , Sakaguchi Kanako , Califano Joseph A. , Smith Quinton , Goren Alon , Klein Ophir D. , Tamayo Pablo , Gutkind J. Silvio
Published: January 2025

Tumor initiation represents the first step in tumorigenesis during which normal progenitor cells undergo cell fate transition to cancer. Capturing this process as it occurs in vivo, however, remains elusive. Here we employ spatiotemporally controlled oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inhibition together with multiomics to unveil the processes underlying oral epithelial progenitor cell reprogramming into tumor initiating cells at single cell resolution. Tumor initiating cells displayed a distinct stem-like state, defined by aberrant proliferative, hypoxic, squamous differentiation, and partial epithelial to mesenchymal invasive gene programs. YAP-mediated tumor initiating cell programs included activation of oncogenic transcriptional networks and mTOR signaling, and recruitment of myeloid cells to the invasive front contributing to tumor infiltration. Tumor initiating cell transcriptional programs are conserved in human head and neck cancer and associated with poor patient survival. These findings illuminate processes underlying cancer initiation at single cell resolution, and identify candidate targets for early cancer detection and prevention.
Pegmatite lithium deposits formed within low-temperature country rocks
Authors: Zhou Jinsheng , Wang Qiang , Wang He , Ma Jinlong , Zhu Guanhong , Zhang Le
Published: January 2025

The global climate crisis is likely to lead to a potential supply risk of lithium (Li) over the coming decades. More than half of the world’s production of Li is derived from Li-bearing pegmatites. Although pegmatites are widespread, only a small fraction host economically relevant Li mineralization. Revealing which factors cause some pegmatites to be enriched in Li and others to be barren is critical for understanding Li pegmatite formation and for guiding exploration for new Li resources. In this study, we used an approach involving the analysis of natural samples from the Jiajika pegmatite deposit (China), combined with thermal and diffusion modeling. Here we show that Li contents in pegmatites are controlled not only by the initial Li contents in pegmatite melts but also by the temperature of the surrounding country rocks at the time of pegmatite emplacement. Lithium-mineralized pegmatites form preferentially when Li-rich pegmatite melts intrude low-temperature country rocks.
Heritable polygenic editing: the next frontier in genomic medicine?
Authors: Visscher Peter M. , Gyngell Christopher , Yengo Loic , Savulescu Julian
Published: January 2025

Polygenic genome editing in human embryos and germ cells is predicted to become feasible in the next three decades. Several recent books and academic papers have outlined the ethical concerns raised by germline genome editing and the opportunities that it may present1–3. To date, no attempts have been made to predict the consequences of altering specific variants associated with polygenic diseases. In this Analysis, we show that polygenic genome editing could theoretically yield extreme reductions in disease susceptibility. For example, editing a relatively small number of genomic variants could make a substantial difference to an individual’s risk of developing coronary artery disease, Alzheimer’s disease, major depressive disorder, diabetes and schizophrenia. Similarly, large changes in risk factors, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure, could, in theory, be achieved by polygenic editing. Although heritable polygenic editing (HPE) is still speculative, we completed calculations to discuss the underlying ethical issues. Our modelling demonstrates how the putatively positive consequences of gene editing at an individual level may deepen health inequalities. Further, as single or multiple gene variants can increase the risk of some diseases while decreasing that of others, HPE raises ethical challenges related to pleiotropy and genetic diversity. We conclude by arguing for a collectivist perspective on the ethical issues raised by HPE, which accounts for its effects on individuals, their families, communities and society4.
Bidirectional histone monoaminylation dynamics regulate neural rhythmicity
Authors: Zheng Qingfei , Weekley Benjamin H. , Vinson David A. , Zhao Shuai , Bastle Ryan M. , Thompson Robert E. , Stransky Stephanie , Ramakrishnan Aarthi , Cunningham Ashley M. , Dutta Sohini , Chan Jennifer C. , Di Salvo Giuseppina , Chen Min , Zhang Nan , Wu Jinghua , Fulton Sasha L. , Kong Lingchun , Wang Haifeng , Zhang Baichao , Vostal Lauren , Upad Akhil , Dierdorff Lauren , Shen Li , Molina Henrik , Sidoli Simone , Muir Tom W. , Li Haitao , David Yael , Maze Ian
Published: January 2025

Histone H3 monoaminylations at Gln5 represent an important family of epigenetic marks in brain that have critical roles in permissive gene expression1–3. We previously demonstrated that serotonylation4–10 and dopaminylation9,11–13 of Gln5 of histone H3 (H3Q5ser and H3Q5dop, respectively) are catalysed by transglutaminase 2 (TG2), and alter both local and global chromatin states. Here we found that TG2 additionally functions as an eraser and exchanger of H3 monoaminylations, including H3Q5 histaminylation (H3Q5his), which displays diurnally rhythmic expression in brain and contributes to circadian gene expression and behaviour. We found that H3Q5his, in contrast to H3Q5ser, inhibits the binding of WDR5, a core member of histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes, thereby antagonizing methyltransferase activities on H3K4. Taken together, these data elucidate a mechanism through which a single chromatin regulatory enzyme has the ability to sense chemical microenvironments to affect the epigenetic states of cells, the dynamics of which have critical roles in the regulation of neural rhythmicity.
Remotely delivered weight management for people with long COVID and overweight: the randomized wait-list-controlled ReDIRECT trial
Authors: Combet Emilie , Haag Laura , Richardson Janice , Haig Caroline E. , Cunningham Yvonne , Fraser Heather L. , Brosnahan Naomi , Ibbotson Tracy , Ormerod Jane , White Chris , McIntosh Emma , O’Donnell Catherine A. , Sattar Naveed , McConnachie Alex , Lean Michael E. J. , Blane David N.
Published: January 2025

Long COVID (LC) is a complex multisymptom condition with no known disease-modifying treatments. This wait-list-controlled open-label trial tested whether a remotely delivered structured weight management program could improve respective LC symptoms in people living with overweight. Adults with LC (symptoms >12 weeks) and body mass index >27 kg m−2 (>25 kg m−2 for South Asians) were randomized (n = 234, 1:1) to control (n = 116, usual care) or the remotely delivered structured weight management (n = 118, total diet replacement (850 kcal per day) for 12 weeks, followed by food reintroduction and weight loss maintenance support) via minimization and randomization (80:20) to balance dominant LC symptom, sex, age, ethnicity and postcode-based index of multiple deprivation between groups. The control group received the intervention after 6 months. Participants selected the dominant LC symptom they would most like to improve (fatigue, breathlessness, pain, anxiety/depression or other) as the prespecified respective primary outcome. Individual symptoms were assessed using validated questionnaires and a visual analog scale for those without prespecified scales. At 6 months, the primary outcome improved in the intervention group (change −1.16 (s.d. 1.42), n = 97 analyzed) compared with the control group (change −0.83 (s.d. 1.14), n = 117 analyzed) with a treatment effect of −0.34 (95% confidence interval −0.67 to −0.01), with no excess of serious adverse events. International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Registry registration: ISRCTN12595520.
Migration of primordial germ cells and their relationship of PGCs with sex development in transgenic germline-specific fluorescent freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare)
Authors: Chu Wai-Kwan , Huang Shih-Chin , Chang Ching-Fong , Wu Jen-Leih , Gong Hong-Yi
Published: January 2025

Primordial germ cells (PGCs), the progenitors of gametes, are essential for teleost reproduction. While their formation is conserved across teleosts, the activation, migration routes, and localization periods vary among species. In this study, we developed a novel transgenic line, Tg(ddx4:TcCFP13-nanos3), based on the Nile tilapia genome, to label PGCs with clear fluorescent signals in the freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare). Our findings reveal a complex, multistage PGCs migration process in angelfish, with a significantly extended localization period (168 hpf) compared to zebrafish (24 hpf). Notably, individual differences in PGCs abundance were observed during early somite development. Analysis of PGCs counts and subsequent sexual maturation demonstrate a potential correlation between PGCs abundance and sex determination: 90% of PGCs-reduced individuals developed as males, while 83% of PGCs-rich individuals developed as females. This study provides a foundation for understanding PGCs migration and sex development in freshwater angelfish, offering valuable insights into reproductive biology and ornamental fish species. Furthermore, this in vivo PGCs tracking system for Cichlids provides a versatile tool for advancing research and applications in germ cell biology.
Hepatovirus infections in juvenile seals from the North Sea
Authors: Mirolo Monica , Kühl Bianca , Roji Melvin Daniel , Rubio-García Ana , Lima Valéria Andrade , Puff Christina , Martina Byron , Beineke Andreas , Wohlsein Peter , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Ludlow Martin , Osterhaus Albert
Published: January 2025

The discovery of several novel hepatovirus species in marine and terrestrial mammals has expanded the recognised members of the genus Hepatovirus and has provided better understanding on the evolutionary origins of human hepatovirus A (HAV). Using high throughput sequencing we detected a seal hepatovirus (SealHAV_NL/PV/21), in liver tissue of a deceased harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) originating from the Dutch North Sea coast. RT-PCR screening of liver samples of 88 harbor seals and 12 grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from the same region identified seal hepatovirus in nine juvenile harbor seals in which minor sequence variation was observed in the VP1 gene. Whole-genome sequence analysis showed that SealHAV_NL/PV/21 displayed 95.6% nucleotide indentity to New England seal hepatovirus but had a 5′-UTR which contained additional 51 bp. Phylogenetic analysis showed that seal hepatoviruses clustered in a monophyletic group separate from other hepatovirus species that have been identified in terrestrial mammals. Assessment of seal hepatovirus RNA loads in organs of all infected animals showed that the liver had the highest number of RNA copies with up to 107 RNA copies per mg of tissue. Seal hepatovirus RNA was readily detected by in situ hybridization in hepatocytes in the liver but was not associated with pathological lesions. Serological screening of 90 contemporary seal sera using a HAV-based ELISA showed the presence of hepatovirus antibodies in 14 harbor seals and one juvenile grey seal. These findings collectively show that seal hepatovirus is enzootic among seals of the North Sea, causing quiescent infections in young animals.
Phage-ELISA for ultrasensitive detection of Salmonella enteritidis
Authors: Shen Mangmang , Ni Chang , Yuan Jiasheng , Zhou Xin
Published: January 2025

A schematic diagram illustrating the phage-ELISA for Salmonella detection. A high-affinity phage-scFv clone (C50041-scFv-4) captures Salmonella and HRP-anti-pVIII antibodies bind the clone to develop vivid colour.
Manipulating metal–ligand binding in allosteric coordination complexes through ring strain
Authors: Hu Yiming , Wang Fiona Yihan , Xie Yi , Coleman Benjamin D. , Stern Charlotte L. , Mirkin Chad A.
Published: January 2025

We report a systematic tuning of chelation ring strain on the hemilability of the platinum-based coordination complexes made from the weak link approach.
Room-temperature phosphorescence and static excimer excitation of pyrene-modified (NCN) pincer bismuth complexes
Authors: Geppert Marcel , Müller Michelle , Linseis Michael , Winter Rainer F.
Published: January 2025

Covalent attachment of pyrenyl ligands to (NCN) Bi pincer complexes leads to stable fluorescence and phosphorescence emission at room temperature.
Integrated CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion: coupled effects of transport, kinetics and thermodynamics in the direct reduction of captured-CO2 adducts
Authors: Banerjee Avishek , Morales-Guio Carlos G.
Published: January 2025

A review highlighting the current progress, challenges, and opportunities in integrated electrochemical CO2 capture and conversion for the direct reduction of the captured CO2-adduct.
The alleviation by wheat and oat dietary fiber alone or combined of T2DM symptoms in db/db mice
Authors: Liu Xinguo , Pang Shaojie , Song Ge , Wang Yong , Fang Wei , Qi Wentao
Published: January 2025

WDF, ODF, and WODF improved T2DM symptoms in db/db diabetic mice through the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway and gut microbiota-BAs-TGR5/FXR axis.
Confined synthesis of glucan oligomers from glucose in zeolites
Authors: Liang Haotong , Ye Sheng , Liu Qiyu , Fan Wei , Ma Qiaozhi
Published: January 2025

The conversion pathway of glucose to glucan oligomers and catalyst recycling are presented.
Design of halogen-free hyper-crosslinked porous ionic polymers for efficient CO2 capture and conversion
Authors: Yang Xiaoqing , Zhao Jinshan , Zeng Junfeng , Chen Bihua , Tang Liang , Zhang Jun , Zeb Akif , Li Zhiyong , Zhang Shiguo , Zhang Yan
Published: January 2025

Using an ion exchange process in water, BPh4− cross-linking sites can be readily integrated into the guanidine structure, leading to the development of halogen-free hyper-crosslinked porous ionic polymers that effectively adsorb and convert CO2.
Reductive amidation of polylactic acid with nitro compounds using nickel based nanocatalysts
Authors: Gao Jie , Zhang Lan , Luo Long , Wang Ning
Published: January 2025

Here, we report carbon-supported Ni-nanoparticles as reusable catalysts for reductive amidation of nitro compounds with polylactic acid (PLA).
Co-production of bioelectricity and butanol by engineered Escherichia coli fed organic wastes in anodic fermentation
Authors: Jong Brian , Haritos Victoria S.
Published: January 2025

Escherichica coli, engineered for electroactivity and butanol production, generate electricity and biofuel via electrofermentation when cultured on organic byproducts.
Sustainable high-yield h-BN nanosheet production by liquid exfoliation for thermal interface materials
Authors: Ravichandran Vanmathi , Varrla Eswaraiah
Published: January 2025

High yield and eco-friendly exfoliation of h-BN nanosheets using natural surfactant in water is demonstrated in thermal interface materials for heat management applications.
Exploration of the cytotoxic and microtubule disruption potential of novel imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-based chalcones
Authors: Gopathi Ramu , Kumar Mommuleti Pradeep , Kumar Gangasani Jagadeesh , N. P. Syamprasad , Kodiripaka Bheeshma Geetanjali , Naidu V. G. M. , Babu Bathini Nagendra
Published: January 2025

Design, synthesis, characterization of a series of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-chalcones and evaluated their cytotoxicity. Apoptotic induction, ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage, immuno-fluorescence, microtubule disruption and docking were also studied.
Saponin components exhibit antiviral properties against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro
Authors: Hu Yiyi , Li Yunchuan , Zhu Haodan , Wang Dandan , Zhou Junming , Li Bin
Published: January 2025

Four saponins could efficiently modulate the immune response against PEDV and hold promise for utilization in antiviral treatments.
Highly sensitive temperature sensors based on the fluorescence intensity ratio of dual-emissive lead-free metal halides
Authors: Zhao Jianhui , Di Yunsong , Sheng Yuhang , Sui Jiaxin , Yang Xingru , Zhang Yi , Wang Ying , Wang Haoyu , Zhang Xiaowei , Yu Liyan , Chen Zhihui , Gan Zhixing
Published: January 2025

This work develops a thermometer based on the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of Sb-doped Cs2NaInCl6 (Cs2NaInCl6:Sb).
Mechanical and thermal responsive chiral photonic cellulose hydrogels for dynamic anti-counterfeiting and optical skin
Authors: Li Baoqi , Xu Mingcong , An Bang , Sun Wenye , Teng Rui , Luo Sha , Ma Chunhui , Chen Zhijun , Li Jian , Li Wei , Liu Shouxin
Published: January 2025

Using a photo-crosslinking strategy, chiral nematic hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) hydrogels with accurately controlled and multi-mode (mechanical and thermal) responsive structural colors were fabricated.
Single-particle tracking of polymer aggregates inside disordered porous media
Authors: Abe Yusaku , Tomioka Naoki , Matsuda Yu
Published: January 2025

The diffusion motions of individual polymer aggregates in disordered porous media were visualized and analysed using the single-particle tracking (SPT) method.
Hydrothermal carbonization assisted lignocellulose derived formation of ZnO/hydrochar composites through morphology evolution for an efficient photo and electrocatalytic performance
Authors: Akhter Raheela , Hussain Shokat , Beura Srinibas , Uddin S. M. Nizam , Maktedar Shrikant S.
Published: January 2025

Harnessing agricultural waste for sustainable synthesis of advanced materials with multifunctional applications in glucose sensing and environmental remediation.
Bone cement prepared using the isobornyl acrylate monomer shows decent mechanical strength and antibacterial activity
Authors: Han Lu-Yang , Yang Dong , Wang Hong-Liang , Gao Zhe , Qi Yin-Yu , Zhou Tao , Xu Yang , Chu Jian-Jun
Published: January 2025

A novel antibacterial non-leaching bone cement (NLBC) based on isobornyl acrylate (BA) was synthesized. We refer to it as BA cement, and it exhibits decent antibacterial activity and mechanical strength.
Photocatalytic removal of NOx using cobalt oxide/graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposites under visible light irradiation
Authors: Attia Yasser A. , Taha Mohamed , Abdel-Hafez Shams H.
Published: January 2025

The development of efficient photocatalysts for the selective conversion of nitrogen oxides (NOx) into valuable products is essential for promoting environmental sustainability and addressing air pollution.
Advances in integrated power supplies for self-powered bioelectronic devices
Authors: Xin Yu , Sun Bin , Kong Yifei , Zhao Bojie , Chen Jiayang , Shen Kui , Zhang Yamin
Published: January 2025

The emerging integrated power supplies for self-powered bioelectronic devices over the past few years are summarized. Additionally, the challenges and future perspectives in self-powered device design and manufacturing are also indicated.
Tuning the interlayer stacking of a vinylene-linked covalent organic framework for enhancing sacrificial agent-free hydrogen peroxide photoproduction
Authors: Xie Qiujian , Chen Anqi , Li Xiaofeng , Xu Chen , Bi Shuai , Zhang Weijie , Tang Juntao , Pan Chunyue , Zhang Fan , Yu Guipeng
Published: January 2025

This work reports an efficient strategy to tailor the stacking mode in 2D vinylene-linked covalent triazine frameworks by regulating the base-catalyst with different alkali-metal ions.
Time-resolved and theoretical analysis of Mo-carbene transformations in metathesis of ethylene with 2-butene
Authors: Otroshchenko Tatiana , Fedorov Aleksandr , Zhang Qiyang , Linke David , Handzlik Jarosław , Schröder Mirjam , Corzilius Björn , Kondratenko Evgenii V.
Published: January 2025

Novel insights into formation and transformation of Mo-carbenes in metathesis of ethylene with 2-butene are provided. Mo-carbenes are involved in the metathesis cycle and can be converted into “inactive” complex formed with participation of butene.
A single outer-sphere amino-acid substitution turns on the NO reactivity of a hemerythrin-like protein
Authors: Albert Therese , Pence Natasha , Zhong Fangfang , Pletneva Ekaterina V. , Moënne-Loccoz Pierre
Published: January 2025

The coordination sphere of the two Fe(iii) ions in HLP from Azotobacter vinelandii is the same as in mycobacterial HLPs but an outer-sphere Thr-to-Phe substitution is required for the presence of a μ-oxo bridge and reactivity toward NO.
Functionalized amino acid-based injectable hydrogels for sustained drug delivery
Authors: Roy Arpita , Manna Kalipada , Dey Shaon , Chakraborty Kanta , Dhara Santanu , Pal Sagar
Published: January 2025

Synthesis of an injectable hydrogel using glycine and β-cyclodextrin for sustained drug release.
Repurposed marble dust as a promising adsorbent for modelling the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Panda Subrata , Kumar Sudesh , Sharma Yogesh Chandra
Published: January 2025

This investigation scrutinizes the facile preparation of a non-complex, low-cost, sustainable, and industrially feasible adsorbent along with conducting its mechanistic studies, followed by its implementation in the removal of MB dye.
Tuning a consistent near-infrared photo-initiated multimodal tumor strategy based on the core–shell structure of gold star@PB@CuS nanoparticles
Authors: Zhong Yao , Li Xiaolei , Ye Li , Zhu Pengcheng , Zhuang Lin
Published: January 2025

Gold star@PB@CuS (GPC) nanoparticles with a core–shell structure were designed and fabricated to enable a near-infrared photo-initiated antitumor strategy.
Numerical analysis of evaporation reduction in floating photovoltaic power plants: influence of design parameters
Authors: Berlioux Baptiste , Amiot Baptiste , Ferrand Martin , Le Berre Rémi , Rhazi Oume-Lgheit , Vidal Javier , Pabiou Hervé , Knikker Ronnie
Published: January 2025

Evaporation reduction is one of the advantages provided by floating photovoltaic (FPV) power plants. However, few studies have yet been carried out to understand how to optimise the layout of FPV power plants in order to provide better water management. Indeed, the interaction between atmospheric conditions, water bodies, and the FPV plant creates a dynamic system that is challenging to study and accurately model. This paper investigates the impact on evaporation of various characteristics of FPV plants, such as float technology, plant positioning and orientation, distribution, and coverage ratio. This study was performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of the surrounding atmosphere, with the impact of the FPV plant modelled using specific boundary conditions to reduce computational costs. The numerical results show that the coverage ratio is the most important factor in reducing evaporation. Full coverage could reduce evaporation by 52.8% for a plant with a large footprint on the water and by 43.4% for a plant with a smaller footprint. Other parameters have only a moderate impact, allowing the fine-tuning of evaporation reduction. The optimal configuration would involve covering the entire water body with a single large water footprint island positioned downwind of the prevailing transversal winds. This setup significantly reduces evaporation, thereby enhancing water conservation and making an FPV power plant a valuable tool in sustainable water management.
Intravitreal Enzyme Replacement Therapy Slows Retinopathy in Late Infantile Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 2
Authors: Priglinger Claudia S. , Courage Carolina , Lotz-Havla Amelie S. , Gerhardt Maximilian , Ehrt Oliver , Kurz Matthias , Pudritz Harald , Rudolph Günther , Jackson Christopher B. , Maier Esther M.
Published: January 2025

Ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the TPP1 gene, encoding lysosomal tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1). The classical late-infantile phenotype has an age of onset between 2 and 4 years and is characterized by psychomotor regression, myoclonus, ataxia, blindness, and shortened life expectancy. Vision loss occurs due to retinal degeneration, usually when severe neurological symptoms are already evident.

Intracerebroventricular enzyme replacement therapy (ICV-ERT) using recombinant human TPP1 (rhTPP-1) was shown to slow the neurological decline; however, it does not prevent loss of vision. Intravitreal rhTPP-1 (IVT-ERT) was described to halt retinal degeneration in a canine CLN2 model and a compassionate-use study in humans.

We report on the clinical and ophthalmological outcome in an early-treated patient homozygous for a pathogenic variant in TPP1 known to be associated with severe CLN2 retinopathy.

He was started on ICV-ERT at the age of 40 months and 4 weekly IVT-ERT in one eye at the age of 60 months. The other eye served as untreated control.

Baseline best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.5 with mild bull's eye maculopathy evident in both eyes. After 24 months of IVT-ERT, BCVA in the treated eye was 0.2 with bull's eye maculopathy sparing outer retinal layers, whereas the untreated eye had progressed to endstage retinopathy and BCVA <0.02. No intraocular side effects occurred.

Our results provide further evidence that IVT-ERT appears to be safe and markedly delays retinal degeneration preserving visual function and increasing the patient's quality of life, especially if started early.
Low-temperature reorientation structural transitions in the Jahn-Teller ferroelastic DyVO4 under the action of an external magnetic field
Authors: Kaplan M. D.
Published: January 2025

The microscopic theory of structural phase transition is used for studying the anomalies in the thermodynamic properties of the Jahn–Teller crystal DyVO4. These anomalies are the result of reorientation of the elastic domains under the action of an external magnetic field at T = Tc = 15 K. The dependence of the magnitude and nature of these anomalies on the external magnetic field is also studied. The analogy between the reorientational structural transitions and the metamagnetoelasticity effects investigated earlier is also considered.
Nucleation of phase-slip centers with zero average supercurrent in an electromagnetic field
Authors: Dmitriev V. M. , Zolochevskii I. V. , Khristenko E. V.
Published: January 2025

The effect of an electromagnetic field on the phase-slip centers (PSC) induced by the passage of a direct current is studied under conditions of stimulation and suppression of superconductivity. It is shown that for radiation power exceeding a certain critical value, PSC characterized by a zero mean supercurrent are induced in the superconducting channel.
Energy gap in local-pair superconductors
Authors: Kulik I. O.
Published: January 2025

A theoretical model1 of high-Tc superconductivity is analyzed. A superconducting transition in a system of local electron pairs interacting through the conduction band is shown to result in the emergence of two energy gaps: the tunneling gap (the gap in the one-electron excitation spectrum) ΔS (k) and the far-infrared gap (“pair gap”) Δp. The former of these gaps is large in comparison with the value predicted by the BCS theory and is sharply anisotropic in the k-space, while the latter exhibits an anomalous temperature dependence (in particular, it remains finite at the transition point Tc). The magnitude of the ratio 2Δp/k Tc ∼ 2. The interband absorption of a high-temperature superconductor has singularities at energies ℏω = 2Δp, 2ΔS and 2Δs ± 2Δp whose amplitude depends on temperature. Some peculiarities vanish at T = 0.
Solution of the problem of indirect interaction of localized magnetic moments through conduction electrons using the s–d exchange model
Authors: Izmailov A. F. , Kessel’ A. R.
Published: January 2025

The path integration over the Grassmann algebra corresponding to the Fermi fields of conduction s-electrons has been used to obtain an exact expression for the effective Hamiltonian of localized d-electrons interacting with s-electrons in the s–d exchange model. In the weak magnetic field limit, the single- and double-spin terms of the effective Hamiltonian are isolated. The first of these contains static magnetization, while the second contains the indirect electron interaction potential.
Dipole field of magnetic impurities and shift of NMR line in a superconductor
Authors: Khaliullin G. G. , Khusainov M. G.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the mean dipole field (4π/3−Nz)M of the magnetic impurities in a superconductor is independent of the shape of the sample and is equal to (−8π/3)M.
Orientational and temperature dependence of indium hardening in the intermediate state
Authors: Lebedev V. P.
Published: January 2025

The contribution of normal electrons and phase boundaries to the dislocation drag is determined by measuring the increase in the flow stress of indium upon a transition from the superconducting to the intermediate state as a function of temperature and orientation of the external magnetic field.
Strong electron–phonon interaction effects in the conductivity of superconducting point contacts
Authors: Beloborod’ko S. I. , Omel’yanchuk A. N.
Published: January 2025

A nonlinear I–V characteristic responsible for the peculiarities of the phonon density of states in a superconductor–normal-metal point contact is found. The effects of strong coupling in Josephson’s current in a superconductor-superconductor point contact are considered.
Galvanomagnetic properties of intercalation compounds of acceptor-type graphite
Authors: Brandt N. B. , Davydov V. N. , Kul’bachinskii V. A. , Nikitina O. M.
Published: January 2025

Magnetoresistance studies have been carried out in graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) in the first and second acceptor stages. It is shown that the two-dimensional model of energy spectrum does not accurately describe the experimental dependence of the magnetoresistance on the angle θ between the direction of the magnetic field B and the sample axis C. We have developed a three-dimensional model of the energy spectrum in GIC in the lower stages by taking into account the interaction of carbon layers. This theory provides a reliable description of the magnetoresistance peculiarities.
Magnetic impurity cyclotron waves in metals
Authors: Kaner É. A. , Ermolaev A. M.
Published: January 2025

The effect of magnetic impurity states of electrons on the spectrum and attenuation of cyclotron waves in metals is considered. It is shown that in the frequency region of resonance transitions between magnetic impurity levels and Landau levels, weakly attenuating waves called magnetic impurity cyclotron waves may propagate at right angles to the magnetic field. The spectrum and the attenuation of these waves are calculated, and their contribution to the surface impedance of the metal is studied.
Nonlinear response of superfluid 3He fermions to a longitudinal rf magnetic field
Authors: Zvyagin A. A.
Published: January 2025

The excitation of the A and A1 phases of superfluid 3He by a variable field parallel to a constant field is studied. It is shown that the longitudinal varying magnetic field does not cause a parametric instability in the system since the excitations in 3He are fermions. For small values of time, the magnetization of the system oscillates with the pumping frequency, as well as with a low resonance frequency whose value in the resonance is determined by the amplitude of the varying field. Introduction of the collision relaxation leads to a damping of the low-frequency oscillations. As the amplitude of the pumping field increases, the power absorbed by the system becomes limited.
Point-contact studies of the superconducting phase in antimony
Authors: Shklyarevskii O. I. , Yanson I. K. , Gribov N. N.
Published: January 2025

Temperature and field dependences of the IV characteristics and their derivatives are studied for Sb–Au and Sb–Sb point contacts containing inclusions of the superconducting modification of Sb. It is found that the superconducting clusters exist in a hitherto unknown phase of Sb which is a type II superconductor with Tc ≃ 6.3 − 6.7 K. The behavior of electron–phonon interaction point-contact spectra for such contacts is studied in a magnetic field.
EPR studies of low-temperature phase transition in KDy(MoO4)2 in submillimeter and millimeter wavelength ranges
Authors: Bagulya V. A. , Zvyagin A. I. , Kobets M. I. , Stepanov A. A. , Zaika A. S.
Published: January 2025

A spectrometer intended for studies of EPR spectra in the submillimeter range is developed. The angular dependences of the position of EPR line for KDy(MoO4)2 single crystals in an external magnetic field are determined. The principal values of the g-tensors of Dy3+ ion are obtained in the vicinity of the structural phase-transition temperature, and the symmetry of the low-temperature phase is determined.
Magnetic ordering and superconductivity in La–Sr–Cu–O ceramics with iron doping
Authors: Sukharevskii B. Ya. , Vilkova I. V. , Ksenofontov B. G. , Ruban I. V. , Khokhlova S. I. , Shatalova G. E. , Buzhinskii S. A.
Published: January 2025

The investigations of the Mössbauer effect and measurements of resistivity and magnetic susceptibility of iron-doped lanthanum–strontium ceramics show that the superconducting transitions are suppressed by magnetic ordering.
Exchange modes in two-dimensional monoclinic antiferromagnets
Authors: Stepanov A. A. , Pashchenko V. A. , Kobets M. I.
Published: January 2025

Antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) is studied in the monoclinic quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet (CH2)4(NH3)2MnCd4. Exchange AFMR modes are detected and used for ascertaining the type of magnetic ordering in this compound and for estimating the value of the interlayer interaction: 2He = 66 Oe.
Effect of compressibility on the quantum decay of metastable phase at low temperatures
Authors: Korshunov S. E.
Published: January 2025

The finite compressibility of the metastable phase, which leads to a temperature dependence of the nucleation probability w, is considered in the problem of quantum nucleation of the stable phase in a first-order phase transition. For small values of temperature, ln[w(T)/w(0)] ∼ T4, and the nature of transition to the activation tunneling regime remains the same as for zero compressibility (first-order transition).
Canonical variables and virial theorem for a crystal with two-level impurity systems
Authors: Pogorelov Yu. G. , Ivanov M. A. , Loktev V. M.
Published: January 2025

A canonical formalism for two-level systems (TLS) is constructed and the virial theorem is generalized for a crystal with impurity TLS by using the Grassmann anticommuting variables method. This provides a convenient way for studying the thermodynamics of such systems.
First observation of static bound states of fluxons in long Josephson junctions with inhomogeneities
Authors: Vystavkin A. N. , Drachevskii Yu. F. , Koshelets V. P. , Serpuchenko I. L.
Published: January 2025

Static bound states of fluxons in long Josephson junctions with artificial inhomogeneities, which are the regions of suppression of the Josephson tunneling, are experimentally observed. Critical currents of the bound states are found to be independent of an external magnetic field for large normalized lengths of the junctions.
Theory of collisionless sound absorption in stochastic magnetic breakdown
Authors: Gorelik L. Yu. , Slutskin A. A. , Sharshanov A. Ya.
Published: January 2025

A consistent theory of sound absorption under stochastic magnetic breakdown (SMB) and a strong spatial dispersion is constructed. The analysis is carried out in the limit when the sound wavelength is larger than the characteristic Larmor radius. The SMB absorption of sound is studied for closed electronic, open periodic, and highly elongated MB configurations, obtained from open configurations when the magnetic field H deviates from certain chosen planes by a small angle θ. It is shown that for a typical narrow layer of MB configurations, the collisionless nature of sound absorption may be violated by dissipative processes that are characteristic of the SMB and are not related to the real electron relaxation mechanism. Among other things, this leads to an anomalously sharp dependence of the sound absorption on the angle θ ≪ 1 and the angle φ (for φ ≪ 1) between H and the sound wave vector.
Thermodynamics of structural phase transition in Fe1/3NbS2 under pressure
Authors: Koshkin V. M. , Zabrodskii Yu. R. , Zaporozhskii B. D. , Buzhinskii S. A.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the phase transition observed in Fe1/3NbS2 is a Peierls transition accompanied by an increase in the hexagonal superlattice period in the plane of the layers from a0√ 3 to 3a0, where a0 is the NbS2 lattice period. This transition has the following distinguishing features: the transition does not result in insulation since the gap is not formed on the Fermi surface; and the increase in the period is due to a displacement of the atoms along the c-axis rather than in the layer plane, as is usually the case /L.N. Bulaevskii, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 115, 236 (1975); 120, 259 (1976)/. The P–T diagram for a model Hamiltonian is constructed. The obtained results provide a satisfactory interpretation of the available experimental data on the phase transition in Fe1/3NbS2.
On the bound states of two weakly interacting quasiparticles with a strongly degenerate dispersion relation
Authors: Minlos R. A. , Mogil’ner A. I.
Published: January 2025

The emergence of several bound states of two weakly interacting quasiparticles with a strongly degenerate dispersion relation is considered. The estimates of the number of bound states, their binding energy and effective mass, and the region of their existence in the center-of-mass quasi-momentum space are obtained from an analysis of the Fredholm determinant of the Schrödinger equation.
Low-frequency response of a Josephson junction with direct conductivity
Authors: Nagaev K. É.
Published: January 2025

The low-frequency response to a weak alternating current is calculated for a superconducting bridge whose length L satisfies the conditions ξ (T) ≫ L ≫ ℏD/Δ. The contribution to the impedance is made by a whole set of spatial modes of the energy gap, corresponding to the eigenvalues of the relaxation time operator. At low frequencies w≪τε−1 and for a nearly critical current I passing through a junction, the main contribution to the impedance is made by a single mode whose relaxation time τ0∼L2Δ0/ħDτε1−I2/Ic2−1/2 increases indefinitely as the current approaches its critical value.
Acoustic holograms for beam focusing in immersed anisotropic silicon
Authors: Katch L. , Argüelles Andrea P.
Published: January 2025

Ultrasonic inspection of anisotropic materials presents challenges due to directionally dependent wave propagation and beam distortion. Specifically, conventional spherically focused probes, which aim to converge the beam to a small cross section within the solid and increase inspection resolution, can yield spatially and temporally varying focal profiles in anisotropic media. This variability can make interpreting signals from defects within the samples more difficult. To address this challenge, acoustic holograms were designed to enhance ultrasonic beam focusing in silicon wafers. Lens geometries were inversely calculated using ray tracing in pursuit of conical focusing in the solid. Analytical modeling using the angular spectrum approach predicted higher amplitude and more circular focal cross sections for the custom lenses compared to the spherical lenses. The custom lenses, along with conventional spherical lens designs, were fabricated using stereolithographic 3D printing and tested on [3 1 1] and [1 3 5] silicon wafers with etched flat bottom holes. Experimental validation showed the custom lenses produced higher contrast defect signatures with smaller cross-sectional areas from sub-wavelength defects, suggesting improved defect sensitivity and anisotropy-dependent scattering. The results showcase the potential of customized acoustic holograms to enhance ultrasonic inspection of anisotropic materials. The presented design and modeling methods provide the framework for further optimization of acoustic lenses tailored to anisotropic media.