bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CMOS-compatible reconstructive spectrometers with self-referencing integrated Fabry–Perot resonators
Authors: You Chunyu , Li Xing , Hu Yuhang , Huang Ningge , Wang Yang , Wu Binmin , Jiang Guobang , Huang Jiayuan , Zhang Ziyu , Chen Bingxin , Wu Yue , Liu Junhan , Chen Xiangzhong , Song Enming , Cui Jizhai , Zhou Peng , Di Zengfeng , An Zhenghua , Huang Gaoshan , Mei Yongfeng
Published: August 2024

Miniaturized reconstructive spectrometers play a pivotal role in on-chip and portable devices, offering high-resolution spectral measurement through precalibrated spectral responses and AI–driven reconstruction. However, two key challenges persist for practical applications: artificial intervention in algorithm parameters and compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing. We present a cutting-edge miniaturized reconstructive spectrometer that incorporates a self-adaptive algorithm referenced with Fabry–Perot resonators, delivering precise spectral tests across the visible range. The spectrometers are fabricated with CMOS technology at the wafer scale, achieving a resolution of ~2.5 nm, an average wavelength deviation of ~0.27 nm, and a resolution-to-bandwidth ratio of ~0.46%. Our approach provides a path toward versatile and robust reconstructive miniaturized spectrometers and facilitates their commercialization.
AFRIMETS supplementary comparison on calibration of feeler gauges
Authors: ElMelegy Ahmed , Mechkour Lhossain , Obayi Bede , James Joseph , Charles Angela , Mutale Daniel , Gandah Burnhard , Kame Modiriemang , Ntima Pamidzani , Nzimande Zanele , Masina Patrick
Published: August 2024

Main text

National Metrology Institutes from 8 African countries, namely Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and South Africa have participated in an international supplementary comparison on the calibration of feeler gauges.

This comparison was a part of larger supplementary comparison between 13 African countries for the calibration of hand measuring instruments. This larger comparison which was carried out during the period between December 2019 - December 2022 has been piloted by NIS, Egypt and has been registered in BIPM-KCDB database on December 2019. The artifacts have been prepared by NIS, Egypt and measured before sent to circulate between all participant countries in round-robin scheme and returned back again for NIS, Egypt where a final measurement was made for stability check.

The main purpose of these comparisons is to support submission of CMCs for calibration of hand length measuring instruments in BIPM-KCDB.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Report on key comparison AFRIMETS.AUV.V-K5 and linking to CCAUV.V-K5
Authors: Veldman C S , Garg Dr Naveen , Rattanangkul Mr Pairoj , Serrano Lic Federico A
Published: August 2024

Main text

Following the completion of the fifth CIPM key comparison (KC) in the area of vibration concerning sinusoidal acceleration, participating Regional Metrology Organizations (RMOs) have the responsibility to disseminate the Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRV) to non-participating National Metrology Institutes (NMIs), thereby establishing a traceable link between NMIs participating in regional comparisons and the KCRVs. The comparison results reported here have that objective. The comparison was piloted by AFRIMETS with participants from three NMIs, situated in two RMOs, namely SIM and APMP.

The respective Degrees of Equivalence, linked to the KCRVs, are reported. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCAUV, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCAUV, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Measurement of medical haemodilatation based on statistical analysis of big data
Authors: Wang Xin , Jiang Qiang , Chu Huixiao , Pu Xudong , Cheng Tong
Published: August 2024

This study aims to explore the association between hematoma expansion, edema development, and patient prognosis in hemorrhagic stroke patients. Utilizing clinical information, imaging characteristics, and prognostic data from 160 hemorrhagic stroke patients, several predictive models were constructed to examine the pathological progression and outcomes of these patients. Specifically, data preprocessing was employed to calculate the time intervals between each examination and select data within 48 hours for analyzing changes in hematoma volume and its percentage. This facilitated the determination of hematoma expansion within the first 48 hours post-onset, with results documented in a dedicated table. Employing the XGBoost model, both the test and training datasets were trained to develop a predictive model for hematoma expansion. Upon evaluation, the model demonstrated a 75% accuracy rate in predicting hematoma expansion across all patients (sub001-sub160). This study underscores the potential of using advanced predictive modeling, such as XGBoost, to enhance the prognosis assessment and clinical decision-making in hemorrhagic stroke care.
Natural language processing applications in social network analysis: a data mining approach
Authors: Yu Yunxia , Guan Yibo , Hu Yurong
Published: August 2024

Social media texts, such as tweets and user profiles, reflect the opinions, emotions, preferences, and behaviors of social media users, as well as the structure and dynamics of their social networks. Analyzing social media texts can provide valuable insights and applications for various domains and stakeholders, such as marketing, politics, healthcare, and education. However, analyzing social media texts poses significant challenges, as they are often noisy, informal, unstructured, and heterogeneous. Moreover, social media texts are not only influenced by the individual characteristics and contexts of the users but also by the complex and evolving interactions and relationships among them. Therefore, traditional methods and techniques for natural language processing (NLP), social network analysis (SNA), and data mining (DM) may not be sufficient or effective for social media text analysis. In this paper, we propose a data mining approach that integrates and leverages NLP, SNA, and DM methods and techniques for social media text analysis. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach on a large and comprehensive data set of tweets and user profiles related to the domain of consumer spending. We show that our approach can provide comprehensive and effective solutions and applications for various domains and stakeholders, such as marketing, and education. We also compare and contrast our results and outcomes with the existing works, and show the advantages and improvements of our approach over the existing works.
Identification of low voltage ride-through parameters of DFIG based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Xu Zhonglin , Chen Zhong , Yao Wang , Wu Yongkang
Published: August 2024

To improve the accuracy of LVRT control parameter identification for DFIG, a method is proposed based on an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Firstly, a single DFIG connected to an infinite bus system model is established using the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform. Subsequently, logistic chaos mapping is employed to initialize the population based on the standard PSO algorithm. An adaptive parameter adjustment mechanism is introduced, along with the Lévy flight strategy integrated into the algorithm’s flow. Finally, based on the residual measured operating conditions, an analysis and verification of the identified parameter accuracy are conducted. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed parameter identification method. The results indicate that the proposed approach can rapidly and accurately identify the LVRT control parameters of DFIG. This method utilizes advanced signal processing techniques and machine learning algorithms to analyze and model real-time data from the DFIG system, enabling the rapid and accurate identification of the DFIG low-voltage ride-through saturation control parameters. This provides researchers and engineers with an effective tool to better understand and optimize the performance of DFIG systems, thereby driving greater progress in research and practice in this field.
Blockchain-based anonymous (IOT) data integrity auditing scheme in cloud environments
Authors: Zhang Jianhong , Zhang Jianan
Published: August 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates the interaction, data collection, and exchange between devices and the network. With an increasing proliferation of IoT devices, the volume of data produced escalates at an exponential rate. Considering loT’s constrained computational and storage capabilities, the necessity for cloud data storage becomes imperative to enhance service quality. Scholars have introduced various auditing mechanisms, within which the role of a third-party auditor (TPA) emerges as a distinctive attribute in certain methodologies. Nonetheless, assuring the security of a centralized TPA poses significant challenges, a gap that blockchain technology seeks to bridge. Addressing this issue, our proposition is the Blockchain-based Anonymous Data Integrity Auditing (BADIA) for IoT within cloud environments, employing a federated blockchain approach. Our scheme has the following characteristics: conditional anonymity, fairness, accountability, and security. In conclusion, a comprehensive assessment, considering both security and performance metrics, demonstrates that the proposed scheme is robust and effectively alleviates the computational load for data proprietors who possess limited processing capabilities. This analysis ensures that our methodology not only adheres to stringent security standards but also optimizes the efficiency of data management for those with constrained computational resources.
Analysis of the functional regression problem of temperature on Ozone concentration
Authors: Gou Yanqing , Zi Xuemin
Published: August 2024

With the continuous improvement of computer storage capabilities and online observation technology, functional data emerged as the times required. Among the various research methods, regression analysis of functional data stands out as one of the most commonly employed techniques. This study employed Fourier spline basis functions to smooth the gathered data and preprocess it to establish a functional linear regression model with scalar response. Specifically, we investigated temperature regression on Ozone concentration across 17 cities in Henan Province in 2022. In our functional regression prediction, we compared the results obtained with and without the addition of a roughness penalty. Through this comparison, we observed that the absence of a roughness penalty led to overfitting, while including the penalty yielded more detailed results. Moreover, the coefficient of determination R
2 approached one more closely when using the roughness penalty, indicating a better-fitting regression effect. Lastly, for those interested in monitoring the regression residuals of the estimated Ozone concentration, we provide a detailed flowchart outlining the process for monitoring these residuals.
Evading model ownership resolution through reconstructive neuron pruning
Authors: Wu Jun
Published: August 2024

Due to training a deep learning model requires a lot of resources, we regard the trained model as the intellectual property (IP) of its trainer. However, researchers have shown that deep learning models are susceptible to model-stealing attacks. Recently, a method to detect theft by embedding external features has been proposed. We argue that this method is similar to backdooring the model and still has deficiencies in protecting model IP. In this paper, we present a method that removes external features to evade such detection. Initially, we get clean data by employing model inversion and adaptive selection. Subsequently, we utilize this data to exclude neurons associated with external features, while simultaneously guaranteeing that the model’s accuracy remains relatively unchanged. The empirical data demonstrates that our method can help different types of adversaries evade ownership verification of external features. In addition, our method can further enhance the attack effect under watermark-based defense.
Research on PM2.5 concentration prediction based on transformer
Authors: Dai Zhiqiang , Ren Ge , Jin Yongming , Zhang Jintao
Published: August 2024

The pollution caused by PM2.5 can have serious consequences for human health and the environment, making timely prediction of its concentration important. This study proposes a Spatial-Temporal Air quality Transformer (STAFormer) for forecasting PM2.5 concentration. In the dimension of time, this study designs a novel multi-head attention mechanism that can discover multi-periodicity in time series, thereby extracting more complex temporal features. In terms of spatial analysis, this study designs a graph convolutional neural network that incorporates distance and wind direction information to account for the impact of surrounding cities on PM2.5 concentration prediction. Additionally, it dynamically captures spatial correlations using an attention mechanism. The prediction results for Zhengzhou show that the model suggested in this study performs better. The RMSE for forecasting PM2.5 levels for the next hour is 3.51 μg/m3, and MAE is 2.38 μg/m3.
A time series data regression based on a B-spline and stacking framework
Authors: Li Ruizhe , Cui Jingyu , Fu Daobo
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a new time series regression method based on the combination of B-spline basis expansion and distance covariance weighted model. This paper considers the case that the predictor variable is a time series and the response variable is a continuous scalar. In order to solve these problems of high dimension and high noise of time series, this proposed method uses a B-spline basis to reduce the dimension and extract the function information of the original sequence. Considering that there is still some noise in the reduced dimension random variables, this proposed method considers using the stacking framework to enhance the data. Since the importance of each basis model is unknown, this paper uses the distance covariance to measure the importance of the basis model and develop a weighted stacking framework, which can adaptively weigh the bias and variance of the predictor model. In addition, each basis estimator in ensemble learning is model-free. The real data analysis shows that the proposed method is competitive with some existing methods. Finally, the proposed method can be directly applied to other fields such as environmental science, medical science and speech recognition et al.
Impact of tropical waves on extreme rainfall events during coastal El Niño
Authors: Mayta Víctor C , Lin Qiao-Jun , Adames Corraliza Ángel F , Chavez Mayta Erika
Published: August 2024

We examine the relationship between convectively coupled waves, the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), and extreme precipitation over the western coast of South America during Coastal El Niño (COEN) events for the period spanning 1980–2023. Two types of COEN can be distinguished: (i) that occur in association with large-scale El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (e.g. 1982/83, 1997/98), and (ii) more ‘local’ COEN–when anomalous sea surface temperature take place over the far-eastern equatorial Pacific only (e.g. 2017, 2023). During both types of COEN events, increased rainfall along the western coast of South America is associated with intense Kelvin wave activity. In addition, westward inertio-gravity (WIG) waves, Rossby waves, and the MJO exhibit increased activity during local COEN events. During the recent extreme COEN 2017 and 2023, heavy rainfall occurred alongside significant WIGs, Kelvin, Rossby, and MJO events with unprecedented amplitudes propagating along western South America. Our results suggest that the probability of extreme precipitation under Coastal ENSO in western South America is strongly modulated by wave activity.
Investigation of a cross-flow wind turbine with frontal deflector
Authors: Iliev Rossen
Published: August 2024

The publication presents the results of the study on vertical cross-flow wind turbine with frontal arc-shaped and flat deflectors that increase the turbine’s power coefficient by up to 0.08. The optimal development angle of the arc-shaped deflector has been determined. The obtained results are compared with those of numerical and physical studies published in various reputable journals. Relevant fields of application are discussed. The research is carried out at test bench No. 7C (wind turbines) in the Laboratory of Hydropower and Hydraulic Turbomachinery at the Technical University of Sofia.
Modelling indoor pollutant exposure from steady-state and pulse sources
Authors: Pitchurov George , Fantke Peter , Markov Detelin , Jolliet Olivier , Ivanov Martin
Published: August 2024

The distribution of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) around a thermal manikin was simulated using the model of a passive scalar under constant inhalation mode. The effect of the generation mechanism and the distance to receptor of the pollutant was addressed by simulating diffusive and momentum sources in steady-state and pulse sources in transient mode. The inhaled fraction of pollutant was nearly identical for all cases with the exception when the pollutant was emitted from the body surface and therefore entrained by the thermal convective plume. The reason for this uniformity was attributed to the fairly good degree of mixing and relatively large nominal time constant, which helped to distribute the pollutant uniformly.
Influence of internal and external air leakages on the real performance of an air handling unit with two-stage heat recovery
Authors: Dimchev Ivan
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of internal and external air leakages, which appears to be small but actually leads to a serious discrepancy between the theoretical and real performance of air handling units with two-stage heat recovery of the exhaust air. The results show that the overall efficiency of the air handling unit is up to 12.4% lower than theoretical for Class 3 equipment. With increasing airtightness, the efficiency of the AHU, expressed with COP, can be increased by about 3.2% as the class increases by one level.
Forecasting thermophysiological comfort of clothing ensembles designed for work in low temperatures
Authors: Borisova Elena , Angelova Radostina A.
Published: August 2024

The study investigates the relationship between clothing insulation, metabolic rate, and exposure to low temperatures, with a focus on predicting thermophysiological comfort according to ISO 11079. Results from predicting thermophysiological comfort, including IREQmin, IREQneutral, DLEmin, and DLEneutral, are presented, indicating the thermophysiological comfort of a person wearing two ensembles of clothing designed for work in low temperatures. Predictive models are proposed as valuable tools for determining clothing needs in various conditions. Analysis of data reveals that both required clothing insulation and minimum required insulation increase with higher metabolic rates and lower temperatures. Linear relationships are identified between clothing insulation and metabolic rate, particularly at 5°C and -15°C. Understanding these relationships aids in selecting appropriate clothing to maintain thermal comfort and mitigate cold-related risks in occupational settings.
A pioneering approach to measure increased resilience to face climate change: insights from the Race to Resilience campaign
Authors: Billi Marco , Bórquez Roxana , Varela Juan Carlos , Aldunce Paulina , Aspee Nicolle , Beauchamp Emilie , Berríos Priscilla , Cuevas Marcela , Loboguerrero Ana María , Mason Bustos Francis , Patwardhan Anand , Rojas Maisa
Published: August 2024

This paper illustrates a methodology to measure the impact of resilience-building actions on the increased resilience of people and natural systems to face climate change, developed and field-tested around the Race to Resilience Campaign. Despite increasing acknowledgment of the need for robust methodologies and indicators to monitor and evaluate efforts across adaptation planning and implementation, and provide credibility, accountability and transparency to such actions, there is still a lack of sufficiently standardized and agreed upon metrics able to capture the effect of resilience-building actions. The proposal illustrated in this manuscript offers a pioneering approach for high-level tracking, monitoring and evaluation of resilience-building efforts of non-state actors, based on two complementing sets of metrics: depth metrics measure the degree to which an action is generating a change to fundamental conditions which can demonstrably be related to increasing resilience; while magnitude metrics offer a quantification of the beneficiaries that are affected by these changes. Underlying both stand the Resilience Attributes: properties which can be soundly associated with triggering resilience across different systems, and which can then be used to assess increased resilience ‘by proxy’: that is, by seeing how an action sets forth changes in properties commonly associated with resilience. These Attributes were identified based on updated scientific literature and co-construction exercises with global experts. The integration of Depth and Magnitude indices, adjusted by a Confidence Index evaluating data reliability, allows to estimate the overall contribution of a set of actions on increasing resilience against climate challenges. Based on the above, a possible Monitoring & Evaluation cycle is proposed, and an illustration is offered on two case studies from the Race to Resilience campaign. Key strengths, lessons learned and insights are summarized to stimulate the global discussion, in the context of the Global Stocktake and Global Goal on Adaptation.
Design of an active wing-folding biomimetic flapping-wing air vehicle
Authors: Zhu Yongqiang , Zou Longhua , Zhuang Huyue , Liu Hao , Zhang Pingxia , Zhou Guangyao
Published: August 2024

In nature, birds and bats dynamically alter their wing shapes to suit various flight environments and tasks. This paper focuses on the design and validation of a biomimetic flapping-wing aerial vehicle, named FlexiWing, which features a unique mechanism for active wing deformation. This mechanism allows the wings to adjust their shapes flexibly in response to flight demands, significantly enhancing attitude control and maneuverability.’ ‘This study began with an in-depth exploration of biomimetic principles, focusing particularly on how birds and bats achieve precise control during flight through active wing deformation. Subsequently, we present a detailed account of the design and fabrication process of the active folding biomimetic flapping-wing aerial vehicle, including the design of mechanical mechanisms and material selection. Utilizing lightweight nylon materials and hollow carbon fiber rods, we successfully constructed a mechanically foldable wing structure. To achieve precise control over the aircraft’s movement, an embedded control system was designed, comprising an onboard embedded flight controller and ground-based equipment. The onboard controller uses a high-performance ESP32-C3 processor and a JY901 inertial measurement unit to acquire real-time attitude information of the aircraft. The control system incorporates Wi-Fi communication technology, enabling operators to send commands via a remote control or personal computer to manage flight modes and attitudes. Ultimately, a series of flight experiments were conducted to validate the performance of FlexiWing. The results demonstrate that FlexiWing exhibits remarkable maneuverability and stability, capable of achieving high-precision attitude control through active wing folding, making it adaptable to complex environments and tasks.’
Infrastructure and well-being
Authors: Myntti Cynthia
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the main contours of debates about well-being and the connections between infrastructure, well-being, and sustainability. Broadly distributed well-being is the goal of national governments, and individual well-being represents a desirable positive state beyond physical health. Contemporary definitions of well-being originated in the field of psychology in the 1980s. Psychologists have highlighted three aspects of well-being: cognitive, affective and eudaimonic well-being. The cognitive evaluation of well-being, through the assessment of life satisfaction, is commonly used in large national and international surveys. There is a growing interest in comprehensive approaches to measuring well-being, and its eudaimonic aspect. The second half of the paper examines the relationship between well-being and three key infrastructure topics—mobility, public space and nature contact—by referring to classic and new examples from urban design, the social sciences, and urban restoration ecology. These examples suggest that dimensions of well-being—among them trust, optimism, belonging, delight and empathy—have consequences beyond the individual and are necessary for community commitments to sustainability and environmental justice.
Parental Beliefs and Education
Authors: Yamamoto Yoko
Published: August 2024

Parental influence on children’s learning and education has received continued interest in educational research. This chapter synthesizes research findings and presents parents’ beliefs that guide parents’ support for children’s schooling and education in sociocultural contexts, especially demonstrating research on Japan and the United States as examples of cultural models. First, the chapter focuses on parents’ valuation of learning, including parents’ motivation and goals for supporting their children’s education. It then delineates parental aspirations and expectations of their children’s education, beliefs about children’s abilities and how children learn (e.g., attribution), as well as parents’ beliefs about their roles. The chapter also demonstrates variations within culture, especially concerning socioeconomic status, to highlight parents’ agentic processes to adapt to and negotiate cultural beliefs.
Classroom as a Context for Academic and Cultural Learning
Authors: Chesworth Liz , Tatham Christina , Wilders Charlotte , Wood Elizabeth
Published: August 2024

This chapter focuses on the classroom as a context for academic and cultural learning in early childhood education. Drawing on findings from three research studies, it explores perspectives on academic and cultural learning from contemporary sociocultural theories, and national policy frameworks. The three orienting concepts are children’s peer cultures and play repertoires, children’s identities and linguistic repertoires, and children’s agency and participation in the material culture of the classroom. The classroom is understood as a dialectical place and space of inter- and intra-acting flows, where culture is deeply embedded and enacted as a way of living and being in relationship with humans and nonhumans. The chapter argues that early childhood education policies provide a basic framework of entitlements and aspirations, but may reinforce the tensions between academic and cultural learning, especially as children make the transition to compulsory education. Policies are in themselves not sufficient to encompass the diversities within children’s lives and experiences, including their linguistic, communicative, and cultural repertoires. There are diverse flows and influences that create a cultural assemblage in the classroom, including children’s peer cultures and play cultures, as well as their funds of knowledge.
Conclusion
Authors: Pham Kevin D
Published: August 2024

This conclusion chapter discusses the fates of these six thinkers and how they are memorialized in contemporary Vietnam. Moods of shame and pride ebbed and flowed in Vietnam in the twentieth century up to the present, and contemporary Vietnamese are turning to this pantheon of thinkers for guidance on how to harness these moods in productive ways. This chapter also compares and contrasts the ideas of these thinkers to Black anticolonial and revolutionary thinkers, such as Frantz Fanon, Malcolm X, Marcus Garvey, and Amilcar Cabral. It gives special attention to Fanon who admired Vietnamese anticolonialism. The Vietnamese case is ultimately not so unique. Many oppressed peoples have sought to channel their indignation and shame in creative ways to nourish feelings of self-respect, worthiness, and self-confidence.
AEGIS—AcutE Geriatric Intervention Study: pilot study of frontline acute geriatric assessment to improve quality of care in emergency department
Authors: Karjalainen Kaisa J , Tuori Hannele , Salminen Marika , Peltonen Juha , Rantanen Sirpa , Viikari Paula , Viitanen Matti , Nuotio Maria S , Viikari Laura
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Due to the increasing number of older patients in emergency departments (EDs) with frailty, cognitive impairment and multimorbidity, there is a need for geriatric expertise in EDs.

Methods

This retrospective study is of older patients visiting Turku University Hospital ED between 2 January and 31 December 2022. Patients aged 75 years of older were screened for frailty using Triage Risk Screening Tool (TRST) and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Nonacute, frail patients (CFS ≥4) suitable for Targeted Geriatric Assessment (TGA) (n = 1096) were scanned for the risk of delirium, cognitive impairment, change in functional status, falls, malnutrition and depression. A comprehensive patient record was made with recommendations for future care.

Results

TRST was completed in 70% of the ED visits, and two-thirds of those were considered high-risk. Among the patients assessed by the geriatric team (TGA), nonspecific complaint (38%) and falls (35%) were the main reasons for ED admission. Cognitive impairment was present in over 60% and orthostatic hypotension in 40% of the patients. The 72-hour revisit rate for TGA-patients was 2.3%. For the real-life control group, the 72-hour revisit rate was 4.6% (P = .001). Thirty-day revisit rates were 10% and 16%, respectively (P < .001). The need for rehabilitation, cognitive evaluation and intensifying home care were the main recommendations for future care.

Conclusions

TGA approach provides structured and accurate information on older patients’ background. This may lead to more precise diagnostics, a thorough consideration of hospital intake and a secure discharge from the ED. Ensuring continuity of care may help to reduce readmissions to EDs.
Leveraging real-world Data from administrative claims and medical records to inform safety and effectiveness of piperacillin-tazobactam in the Management of Pediatric Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Blumenstock Jesse A , Faerber Jennifer A , Menon Muida , Lawler Rasheeda , Downes Kevin J , Kratz Ellen , Erickson Kelley , Haltzman-Cassenti Brittany , Yildirim Inci , Hussaini Laila , Elmontser Mohnd , Sederdahl Bethany K , Hahn Andrea , Thomson Joanna , Newland Jason , Terrill Cindy , Bradley John , Zachariah Phillip , Younus Muhammad , Mo Jingping , Wible Michele , Tawadrous Margaret , Fisher Brian T
Published: August 2024

Pediatric-specific safety data are required during development of pharmaceutical agents. Retrospective studies can leverage real-world data to assess safety and effectiveness in children where prospective, controlled studies are not feasible.

A retrospective cohort study combined data from Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) and medical records to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of piperacillin/tazobactam (P/T) in pediatric patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). After identifying 407 patients diagnosed with HAP receiving P/T (n=140) or Comparator (n=267) HAP-appropriate antibiotics between 2003-2016 across seven pediatric institutions, we evaluated comparative risk of a serious adverse event (SAE). Clinical improvement 14 days after therapy initiation was studied as a secondary outcome. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated to compare between exposure groups using inverse probability-weighted Poisson regression models.

The unadjusted and adjusted IRRs with 95% CIs for SAEs were 1.26(0.66-2.39) and 1.24(0.65-2.35). The unadjusted and adjusted ORs with 95% CIs for clinical improvement were 1.14(0.56-2.34) and 1.50(0.67-3.38).

Point estimates from this retrospective analysis suggest similar safety and clinical effectiveness of P/T and comparator antibiotics for treating HAP. However, due to wide CIs, actual between-group differences cannot be excluded. Existing real-world data can be utilized to inform pediatric-specific safety and effectiveness of medications used in off-label settings.
Skip sampling: subsampling in the frequency domain
Authors: McElroy Tucker , Politis Dimitris N
Published: August 2024

Over the last 35 years, several bootstrap methods for time series have been proposed. Popular time domain methods include the block bootstrap, the stationary bootstrap, the linear process bootstrap, among others; subsampling for time series is also available, and is closely related to the block bootstrap. The frequency domain bootstrap has been performed either by resampling the periodogram ordinates or by resampling the ordinates of the discrete Fourier transform. The paper at hand proposes a novel construction of subsampling the discrete Fourier transform ordinates, and investigates its theoretical properties and realm of applicability. Numerical studies show that the new method performs comparably to the frequency domain bootstrap for linear spectral means and ratio statistics, while at the same time yielding significant computational savings as well as numerical stability. Some key words: Discrete Fourier transform; Spectral density, Time series.
Understanding and achieving species elements in the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
Authors: McGowan Philip J K , Hutchinson Alison , Brooks Thomas M , Elliott Wendy , Hoffmann Michael , Mair Louise , McDougall Amy , Raimondo Domitilla C , Butchart Stuart H M
Published: August 2024

The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework was adopted in December 2022 by the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. The framework states outcomes for species to be achieved by 2050 in goal A and establishes a range of targets to reduce pressures on biodiversity and halt biodiversity loss by 2030. Target 4 calls for urgent recovery actions for species where the implementation of other targets is insufficient to eliminate extinction risk. We analyze key species elements of goal A and target 4, examine their meaning and clarify implementation needs. We emphasize that target 4 should not be seen simply as the species target, because effective implementation of all targets is essential to achieve the species ambitions in goal A, but, rather, as a target for species that require urgent focused actions and emphasize that an indicator is needed to measure the implementation of urgent management actions. We conclude by considering next steps to identify priorities, undertake further research, make use of resources, ensure cooperation and capacity development.
619 - Lebrikizumab improves signs and symptoms of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in patients not adequately controlled or non-eligible for cyclosporine: a placebo-controlled, randomized phase 3 clinical study (ADvantage)
Authors: Warren Richard B , de Bruin-Weller Marjolein , Tsianakas Athanasios , Khemis Abdallah , Szepietowski Jacek C , Chih-Ho Hong H , Armengol Clara , Falqués Meritxell , Agell Helena , Massana Eric , Gil Esther Garcia , Weidinger Stephan
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Lebrikizumab (LEB), a novel monoclonal antibody with high affinity and slow off-rate to interleukin-13, is efficacious and safe in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Efficacy of cyclosporine A (CsA), used for severe AD, may not be optimal in some AD patients and its safety limits long-term use.

Objectives

We report 16-week efficacy and safety of LEB + low-/mid-potency topical corticosteroids (TCS) in patients with moderate-to-severe AD, not adequately controlled/non-eligible for CsA, in the phase 3 ADvantage study.

Methods

ADvantage had a 16-week, randomized, double-blind, PBO-controlled, parallel-group period followed by a 36-week open-label maintenance period. Eligibility: adults and adolescents (age ≥12 - <18 years), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) ≥16, Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) ≥3, ≥10% body surface area of AD involvement, and patients not adequately controlled or non-eligible for CsA. Randomization: 2:1 to LEB 250 mg with a loading dose of LEB 500 mg at baseline and week-2, or PBO every two weeks (Q2W). All patients received concomitant mid-potency TCS through week-16; dosage tapered once lesions were controlled and stopped after 7 days. Primary endpoint: percentage of patients achieving 75% reduction in EASI (EASI 75) at week-16. Secondary endpoints: percentage of patients achieving EASI 90, IGA 0/1, and ≥4-point improvement in pruritus Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at week-16. Safety endpoints: treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious adverse events (SAEs) and TEAEs causing discontinuation.

Results

312/331 patients (212 LEB+TCS and 100 PBO+TCS) completed the 16-week period. At week 16, significantly higher proportion of LEB+TCS vs PBO+TCS patients achieved EASI 75 (68.4% vs 40.8%, p<0.001) and EASI 90 (42.9% vs 20.8%, nominal p<0.001); higher percentage of patients achieved IGA 0/1 (42.0% vs 24.5%, nominal p<0.01) and ≥4-point improvement in pruritus NRS (49.9% vs 29.7%, nominal p<0.05). TEAEs: 61.8% LEB+TCS vs 53.2% PBO+TCS, with nasopharyngitis and conjunctivitis being the most common TEAEs. SAEs and TEAEs causing discontinuation were low and similar in both groups.

Conclusions

At week 16, LEB 250 mg Q2W + TCS significantly improved AD signs and symptoms in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD and history of inadequate response to CsA, or for whom CsA was not advisable.
627 - A checklist to aid in identifying patients with atopic dermatitis who are candidates for systemic therapy
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan , Augustin Matthias , Eichenfield Lawrence , Lio Peter , Guttman-Yassky Emma , Atwater Amber Reck , Pierce Evangeline , Rueda Maria Jose , Li Alvin , Maldonado Yolanda Munoz , Simpson Eric
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The decision to initiate systemic therapy (ST) in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is complex, with no criteria that are globally agreed upon. To aid dermatology providers in this decision-making, the “When to Start Systemic Therapy Checklist” was developed. The checklist comprises three components: (A) clinical severity, (B) subjective burden, and (C) lack of treatment response, each with several criteria. Systemic therapy is indicated when at least one criterion in each component is fulfilled.

Objectives

To corroborate the validity of this checklist, we evaluated the agreement between the decision to initiate ST using the checklist, against the reference, CorEvitas AD Registry patients prescribed a ST.

Methods

Adults with moderate-to-severe AD from the prospective, longitudinal CorEvitas AD registry were included in this descriptive analysis (July 2020 – August 2023). Patients were included if they were initiating ST at enrollment (ST group) or not initiating ST at enrollment (non-ST group) but had vIGA-AD® ≥3 and Eczema Area Severity Index ≥12. The checklist criteria were compared against registry outcome measures; when a criterion did not match a measure, either a proxy measure was selected or that part of the questionnaire was excluded. Overall percentage agreement (accord between checklist criteria and ST initiation status [reference standard]) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated.

Results

In the ST group (n=1488), 97.0% of patients met at least one criterion from section A, 94.1% from section B, and 92.1% for either section A or B. In the non-ST group (n=208), 100% of patients met at least one criterion from section A, 92.3% from section B, and 92.3% from either section A or B. Among patients in the ST group who met at least one criterion each from section A and B, overall percentage agreement was 81.7% (95% CI: 79.8%, 83.5%). Section C, which addresses “lack of treatment response” could not be evaluated due to the absence of relevant data in the registry.

Conclusions

Nearly all patients initiating ST met at least one criterion from both section A and B of the “When to Start Systemic Therapy Checklist”, demonstrating a strong alignment between the checklist sections A and B and disease burden of AD patients in the registry. Subsequent research is needed to assess section C due to registry limitations. Future analyses should examine why some patients with high disease burden and severity remain untreated with systemics.
629 - A novel efficacy index for long-term therapy outcomes expressed by maintenance of EASI 75 and IGA 0,1 response in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan I , Irvine Alan , Foley Peter , Del Rosso James , Schacht Alexander , Dossenbach Martin , Casillas Marta , Johansson Erin , Gallo Gaia , Gold Linda Stein
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic inflammatory disease requiring long-term, continuous therapy, yet in real life, patients may need to temporarily interrupt therapy.

Objectives

To indirectly compare long-term outcomes with lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, and dupilumab, we present an exploratory efficacy index, which accounts for on-drug and off-drug combined outcomes at Week 52.

Methods

The data set consisted of patients who, after 16 weeks, responded to treatment, defined as achieving either an IGA 0,1 or EASI 75 score, and who were randomized to receive maintenance dosages of lebrikizumab 250 mg Q4W (ADvocate1; ADvocate2), tralokinumab 300 mg Q2W (ECZTRA1; ECZTRA 2), and dupilumab 300 mg QW, Q2W (SOLO-CONTINUE) or were randomized to withdraw these treatments up to Week 52. The efficacy index is based on a weighted combination of response rates at Week 52, using non-responder imputation results, for IGA 0,1 or EASI 75, for patients who were either in the treatment continuation or the withdrawal arm. Here, we report the efficacy index, in which the weight places equal emphasis on continuing or stopping treatment, and we compare the efficacy index of tralokinumab and dupilumab with lebrikizumab.

Results

The efficacy index (95% CI) for lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, and dupilumab, respectively, was 53% (45%-61%), 45% (37%-53%), and 34% (28%-40%) with IGA 0,1; 63% (55%-71%), 42% (35%-49%), and 51% (45%-57%) with EASI 75. With IGA 0,1, lebrikizumab was statistically different from dupilumab; with EASI 75, lebrikizumab was statistically different from dupilumab and tralokinumab.

Conclusions

This novel efficacy index, which accounts for the importance of continuing or stopping therapy after Week 16, may be a useful tool to indirectly compare long-term treatment outcomes. Lebrikizumab’s higher efficacy index may translate to improved long-term management of AD.
638 - Long-term safety and efficacy of roflumilast cream 0.15% in adults and children aged ≥6 years with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis: a 52-week, phase 3, open-label extension trial
Authors: Simpson Eric L , Eichenfield Lawrence F , Papp Kim A , Forman Seth , Hebert Adelaide A , Gonzalez Mercedes E , Gooderham Melinda , Chih-ho Hong H , Prajapati Vimal H , Guttman Emma , Silverberg Jonathan , Seal Melissa , Krupa David , Burnett Patrick , Synder Scott , Chu David H , Higham Robert C , Berk David R
Published: August 2024

Background

Roflumilast, a highly potent phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, is being investigated as a non-steroidal, once-daily cream for atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods

INTEGUMENT-OLE (NCT04804605) was an open-label 52-week safety trial. Patients (N=658) with mild to moderate AD who completed a 4-week randomized vehicle-controlled phase 3 trial of roflumilast cream continued or switched to once-daily roflumilast cream 0.15% in this open-label extension trial. Starting at Week 4, patients achieving Validated Investigator Global Assessment for AD (vIGA-AD) score of 0 (Clear) switched to twice-weekly (BIW) maintenance dosing. The primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints included vIGA-AD, Worst Itch-Numeric Rating Scale (WI-NRS), and Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). “Disease control” was defined as duration of vIGA-AD=0/1 on BIW dosing following achievement of vIGA-AD=0.

Results

With cumulative treatment up to 56 weeks, 36.7% of patients reported treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs); most were mild to moderate in severity. Overall, 4.7% of patients had AEs deemed treatment-related and 3.0% discontinued due to AEs. The most common AEs (>2%) were COVID-19, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, and headache. At Week 52, 55.7%, 61.1%, and 53.6% of patients achieved vIGA-AD=0/1 (Clear/Almost Clear), ≥75% reduction in EASI, and ≥4-point reduction in WI-NRS (among patients aged ≥12 years with baseline WI-NRS ≥4), respectively. Of the 130 (19.8%) patients who achieved disease control, 50% maintained “disease control” for at least 281 days.

Conclusion

Treatment with roflumilast cream 0.15% demonstrated long-term safety in patients with AD consistent with parent trials and durable efficacy through 52 weeks, including patients who switched to BIW dosing.