bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguistic and Stylistic of the Qur'an in “Ayat al-Ahkam” Book by Shoiman Luqman Hakim l Al-Usalib al-Lughawiyah wal-Uslubiyah fi al-Qur'an fi Kitab Ayat al-Aḥkam li-l-Awsat Ṣa'iman Luqman Ḥakim
Authors: Munawaroh Siti Madinatul , Milah Aang Saeful , Asmara Hilda Dimyati
Published: December 2024

The Quran has its own characteristics compared to other books. There are many rhetorical and stylistic methods in the Al-Quran, but this research only discussed the book entitled “Ayatil Ahkam” as a guide to the Al-Quran because this book contains verses from the Quran that discuss certain topics, with selected legal verses which are divided into various subchapters in these themes. This research was a stylistic study of the Al-Quran, based on the theory of Abdul Azim al-Zarkani. The focus of this research was to analyze words that contain the form of command and prohibition, the researcher limited its scope. This article discussed the topic which was divided into three parts of “Ayat al-Ahkam”: the pillars of faith, the pillars of Islam, and worship. These three topics contain the stylistic language of the Quran in the form of commands and prohibitions. On the topic of the pillars of faith, there are 2 forms of imperative; In the pillars of Islam there are 5 forms of imperative; and in worship there are 22 forms of commands, 7 forms of prohibitions, in total there are 29 forms of imperatives and 7 forms of prohibitions both in verb and collective form. The stylistic analysis of the Qur'an at this stage focuses on the grammatical area. The contribution of this research is the discovery of new insights into verses containing imperative and prohibition that had not been identified previously, only analyzing shighah amr and nahy using research objects in one surah of the Quran.
Zakat Management Model by Imuem Meunasah Based on Baitul Mal Gampong in Aceh
Authors: Taufiq Taufiq , Ananda Faisar , Suparmin Sudirman
Published: December 2024

Zakat management institutions in Aceh are different from other provinces. It was stated in Law no. 11 of 2006 that it concern Baitul Mal and Law No. 10 of 2007 that zakat management institutions reach the village level, Baitul Mal Gampong led by Imuem Meunasah as a customary institution that oversees the implementation of Islamic law. The establishment of zakat institutions at the village level in Aceh is to explore and manage zakat potential followed by good management because the potential of zakat circulates at the village level. Likewise, Imuem Meunasah was established as one of the traditional institutions to lead the zakat institution, Baitul Mal Gampong, to build public trust in the zakat institution. In reality, zakat management by zakat institutions at the village level in Aceh led by Imuem Meunasah has not had an impact according to the objectives, both in terms of collection and distribution. This study aims to find out the problems that occur and get strategic solutions, both internally and externally, to the problem of zakat management by Imuem Meunasah at zakat institutions at the village level. The research methodology is descriptive qualitative using the ANP analysis tool with seven respondents. There are two problems in the management of zakat by Imuem Meunasah as the head of Baitul Mal Gampong. The main problem is the internal aspect as well as related to strategic solutions. The internal problems are human resources with a rater agreement value of 34, 93%, Synergy with a rater agreement r value of 28,39%, and Socialization with a rater agreement value of r 36,66%. The solutions in this study are related to Duty and area, Selective, and Out of the Box. The existence of Imuem Meunasah as the Chairman of Baitul Mal Gampong must still be maintained. Meanwhile, the socialization aspect must be transparent, creative and innovative.
Islamic Work Ethic in Mediation Influence Spirituality at Workplace, Organizational Changes, Work Ability on Organizational Commitment in Sharia Bank Employees in Medan City
Authors: Prayogi Muhammad Andi , Asmuni Asmuni , Nasution Yenni Samri Juliati
Published: December 2024

Human resources are important things that must be maintained in a company's organization. The research approach uses an associative approach: looking at the relationship between one variable and another. The sample in this study amounted to 158 respondents, those who were employees of Islamic banking in the city of Medan. Data analysis techniques use SEM Lisrel 8.80 and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of the research show that there is a direct effect of spirituality in the workplace, organizational change, and work ability on organizational commitment. There is a direct influence of spirituality in the workplace, organizational change, and work ability on the Islamic work ethic, as well as an indirect effect of spirituality in the workplace, organizational change, and work ability on organizational commitment mediated by the Islamic work ethic of employees in Islamic banking in the city of Medan, as well as the existence of a spirituality-based human resource hierarchy model that can be applied to Islamic banking in the city of Medan to be able to realize what is the goal of Islamic banking and to avoid irregularities in the process of achieving the intended goals.
Effectiveness and Efficiency of the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget Policy in South Sumatra: Islamic Perspective Study
Authors: Setyadi Bakti , Helmi Sulaiman , Mohamad Syed Ismail Syed
Published: December 2024

Effective and efficient management of state finances has an essential role in Islam. This exploratory, descriptive study aims to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of state revenue and expenditure budget policies in South Sumatra from an Islamic perspective. This research was conducted at the South Sumatra Provincial Government, especially at the South Sumatra Provincial Archives Service. Data were obtained from interviews, observations, and secondary sources, such as regional financial reports and South Sumatra audit reports, published publicly. Analysis of data on the ratio of effectiveness and efficiency is calculated by comparing the realization of APBD revenues with revenue targets. The results of the study show that the implementation of state revenue and expenditure budget policies in South Sumatra has been effective and efficient. In addition, the realization of the budget is also the same between the expected targets and the results obtained in the implementation of the state revenue and expenditure budget policy in South Sumatra. The principles of Islamic economics in the context of state financial management are based on fairness, justice and social welfare, and emphasize the importance of ethical behavior and transparency in economic transactions. It is very important to ensure that the government's revenue and expenditure policies are in line with the general objective of increasing social welfare and ensuring economic equity. The findings of this study indicate that the Provincial Government of South Sumatra has effectively implemented revenue and expenditure policies that are in line with sharia economic principles.
Fiqih Economic in Virtual Currency Implementation
Authors: Effendi Kharisya Ayu , Latif Sahraman D Hadji
Published: December 2024

Digital transactions are becoming very popular in the Islamic economic and financial industry. Therefore, it is very important to understand the provisions of economic fiqh so that Sharia principles are always actual and relevant to business changes and the demands of the times. This study aims to investigate fiqh in economic transactions using blockchain and metaverse technology. More in-depth research uses a case study design using qualitative methods that focus on implementing smart contracts and virtual currency in terms of economic fiqh studies. The findings reveal that the use of smart contracts and virtual currency is found to be able to replace the role of intermediaries in economic transactions. Thus eliminating the risk of fraud and cheating. Smart contracts can help ensure compliance with sharia and the use of virtual currency has an impact on economic fiqh, especially related to the legitimacy and halal use of the virtual currency itself. The expected implication is that to minimize risks and maximize benefits for the benefit of the people, the use of blockchain and metaverse technology in economic transactions requires further research and development efforts, as well as increasing public understanding of this technology from the perspective of economic fiqh.
The Sharia Fintech Product on Bank Performance during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Laksana Rio Dhani , Shaferi Intan , Aydogmus Ilkay
Published: December 2024

Throughout the COVID-19 epidemic, the Fintech sector has continued to increase access to financial services, especially in developing nations. This study aims to look at how Indonesian Sharia banks' performance is affected by Sharia fintech products (FTPs). Sharia fintech products are a combination of financial and technological innovations that can facilitate customers' transactions and investment processes based on rules and Islamic law so that customers intend to use the Sharia fintech products and then perform well in the bank. This study used 250 Sharia bank customers given self-designed questionnaires as part of our data collection. This study looked at the fictitious relationship, and the results reveal that FTPs have a considerable impact on bank performance, as indicated by the path coefficient and t-value using correlation regression analysis. The study's findings perspectives on how convenient Sharia fintech products (FTPs) are for users. Clients are more receptive to FTPs when they see their use and simplicity in everyday tasks and work. The study's conclusions show that bank performance is positively and significantly impacted by Sharia fintech products of financial transaction platforms (FTPs). Also, the COVID-19 epidemic hastened changes in how people engage with financial services, leading to a hitherto unheard-of demand from poor countries to accelerate their transition to open and safe digital money.
The Analysis of Capacity Utilization Production as a Basis for Review Corporate Strategy According Islamic Economics
Authors: Asyik Noor , Subroto Athor , Izni Shafie Dalili
Published: December 2024

Capacity utilization is important in manufacturing strategies, especially in make-to-order manufacturing strategies. It is used to measure the best production achievements. The parameters for achieving the best production can be measured by reaching the break-even point, namely the point at which the costs are equal to income. In 2022 the capacity utilization production of PT XYZ which is a precast concrete industrial corporation in Indonesia is 73.40% and under the break-even point. Achieving utilization above the break-even point is a competitive advantage for the corporation. This research was conducted to examine the company's current strategy to provide suggestions for formulating corporate management strategies according to Islamic economics with the analysis of capacity utilization production. Meanwhile, the research sample was conducted and analyzed from 2015 to 2026. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive research, analysis using different statistical tests to analyze capacity utilization, and qualitative descriptive analysis methods to observe corporate strategy. The analysis found that the capacity utilization level in 2016 and 2017 and the prognosis for 2023 exceeded the break-even point. However, from 2024 to 2026, the results of the capacity utilization level will be below the break-even point. So, it is necessary to consider strategy formulation to avoid losses. Some of the suggestions for formulating corporate strategies result are diversification of business unit strategies into the construction sector, corporate synergy, partnerships with strategic partners, and market penetration according to Islamic economics.
Red Wine Classification Using SVM and RBF Kernel
Authors: Hutabarat Kevin Silvanus , Kumalasanti, M.T. Rosalia Arum
Published: December 2024

Today’s cultural diversity has influenced lifestyle, especially at the time of certain events. Food and drink are important in the event. Quality food is a key ingredient in a person’s eating. Red wine is one of the most popular beverages in the West because of its cold climate but today Red wine has become a popular drink not only among Western countries. The love of red wine should also be balanced with his knowledge of the quality of the beverage because it has various variations. The duration of fermentation and the materials used will give different quality products. Nowadays technology is present to provide solutions to these problems by using the SVM algorithm on Machine Learning. The approach is carried out by performing several experiments to obtain optimal evaluation results. The study has achieved accuracy of 90.93%, precision of 72.5% and recall of 61.70%.Keywords: SVM, machine learning, accuracy, precision, recall
Characterization The Flavonoids Extract of Tridax Procumbens l. Leaves and Betel Lime as Materials for Open Wound Analgesic Ointment
Authors: Zainullah Muhammad , Setiana Mina Devika , Fatimah Vera Nur , Fitriana Ilma , Kurniawan Robi
Published: December 2024

Tridax procumbens L. has quite high flavonoid content (6.51%). Flavonoids have antimicrobial effects that can fight bacteria. Besides that, the flavonoid content of T. procumbens leaves as an analgesic inhibits has the potential to be used as an analgesic ointment material for open wounds. Betel lime (CaCO3) also helps speed up the healing of open wounds. This research aims to optimize a mixture of T. procumbens leaves and betel lime to make a material-based herbal ointment that effective in healing open wounds. This research uses quantitative and qualitative approaches. The dependent variables used are the results of FTIR characterization, SEM-EDX, and antibacterial tests. Research results show that the 1:1 ointment sample has the highest homogeneity with an average particle size distribution of 11.95 nm. The weight and total atomic weight of carbon and calcium elements fluctuated with increasing leaf extract concentration, but the 2:1 ointment sample showed a higher calcium element content than the other samples because the amount of whiting was greater than the leaf extract. Flavonoid functional groups were successfully detected, O-H, C-H, and C-O-C. In S. aureus, it was shown that the 1:1 ointment sample was able to inhibit bacterial growth with an inhibition zone diameter of 0.062 to 1.510 cm. In addition, the contents of stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and n-hexadecanoid acid are the main components that play a role in the inhibitory activity of bacteria.

Keywords: Analgesic ointment, flavonoids, open wounds
Density Functional Theory Investigation on The Electronic Structure, Properties and IR Spectra of 9,10-Iphenylanthracene
Authors: Adeyemi Owolabi J , Gambo Hassan , Yusuf Onimisi M , Abdulkadir Gidado S , Haruna Ali , Akinade Bankole J , Onma Akusu C , Madugu Muhammed L , Usman Sakinat L
Published: December 2024

9,10-Diphenylanthracene belong to a class of polymer-based materials featuring a π-bonded molecules (organic semiconductors). We conducted a theoretical investigation into 9,10-DPA in both neutral and ionic states using Density Functional Theory (DFT) implemented in the Gaussian 09 package. The calculations employed B3LYP/6-31+G(d) and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. The study focused on evaluating structural properties, electronic properties, global chemical reactivity descriptors and IR spectra of 9,10-DPA. These assessments aimed to elucidate the reactivity, stability, and conductivity of this molecule. The results reveal that charging influences the structural, electronic, and global index of the molecule. The analysis of bond lengths and angles emphasized that the following bond length R(C7-H18), R(C8-H19), R(C12-H26) and R(C13-H27) exhibits greater bond energy and strength in both neutral and ionic stats because of having shorter bond length than the remaining regardless of the chosen basis set. In the case of energy gap, the anionic alpha molecular orbital exhibits lower stability of having the lowest energy gap of 1.3679eV, indicating higher reactivity and conductivity among the entire MO and is supported by a higher softness value (1.15eV) and higher chemical potential (1.39eV). The cationic beta molecule exhibited stronger electron-attracting power because of having higher electronegativity (9.00eV), lower chemical potential (-9.00eV) and higher electrophilicity index (36.81eV). The vibrational analysis shows that the anionic molecular state possessed the highest IR absorption which occurred at the frequency of 1346.96cm-1. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of charge state in enhancing the electronic properties and the reactivity of these molecules for various applications in the field of organic electronics.Keywords: 9,10-Diphenylanthracene, ionization potential, electron affinity, global chemical index, infrared spectra, density of state
An Analysis of Principals’ Digital Literacy Capabilities as Instructional Leaders in Indonesia
Authors: Dwiniasih Dwiniasih , Jaja Jaja , Raharjo Jajo Firman
Published: December 2024

The role of principals as instructional leaders requires them to continuously improve their skills in designing and implementing 21st-century learning. This involves developing their digital literacy capabilities as part of technology integration. This research is a case study that aims to analyze the digital literacy capabilities of principals in Kuningan and Cirebon, Indonesia, as instructional leaders in designing and implementing 21st-century learning. The participants of this study were 20 elementary school headmasters. To collect the data, the authors used a teacher observation checklist, with the observer being the teacher in charge of the training. The results of this study showed that the headmasters, as supervisors and instructional leaders, had strong digital literacy capabilities. They were able to easily use technology, and the applications were clear and understandable to them. Furthermore, the participants found it easy to become skilled with the system, learn to operate it, and interact with it. They also showed high mental effort, required much care and attention, and found it easy to navigate and remember how to perform tasks with the system. Overall, this study highlights the importance of developing digital literacy capabilities among instructional leaders, particularly in the context of 21st-century learning. The study provides insights for educators and policymakers on how to support principals in improving their digital literacy capabilities to serve as effective instructional leaders in the digital age.

Keywords: Digital Literacy, instructional leaders, principals’ capabilities
Laws of Gravitation and Motion in the Ancient Indian Texts
Authors: Sarmah Pathak Jumisree
Published: December 2024

In this study, various verses from the Vedic Texts, which directly explains the fundamental laws of Gravitation and Motion in physical science are summarized. The correlation of each verse (mantra/ shloka) to the existing fundamental theory of Physical science shows the compatibility of Physical science with the Vedic Texts and we hope that the thorough analysis of all these ancient texts may open door to many probable insights to the undiscovered fundamental laws of basic science and its applications.

Keywords: Gravitation, Laws of Motion, Physical Science, Vaisheshika Sutra, Veda
Essay Answer Detection System Uses Cosine Similarity and Similarity Scoring in Sentences
Authors: Yuliyanti Siti , Ula Diah Hidayatul
Published: December 2024

Essay exams are often an option to evaluate a person's understanding and interpretation of the material they have studied, rather than simply testing knowledge or understanding through essay exams that still rely on manual methods. The disadvantage of manual assessment is that it is prone to errors due to variations between examiners in providing assessments, coupled with the number of questions that must be assessed which is sometimes quite large, so it takes significant time. So this research carried out the development of an application with an automatic answer correction model with cosine similarity to measure how similar or how far two vectors are in multidimensional space. The result, system's potential in educational contexts was demonstrated by testing it on essay responses. To improve accuracy and usability, future developments could use sophisticated text scoring algorithms and provide more features. This study highlights the importance of automated grading systems for optimizing essay scoring in educational settings while maintaining scalability and reliability.

Keywords: essay exams, automated grading, essay checker, cosine similarity
Prediction of Life Expectancy in Indonesia by Implementing Website-Based Lagrange Polynomial Interpolation
Authors: Maarip Syamsul , Hermansyah Aam , Hadraeni Sopi Nuryani , Miqdad Salman , Nuryadin Ardhan Dimas , Yuliyanti Siti
Published: December 2024

Life Expectancy (AHH) is a measurement of the average human lifespan accepted and used to assess the quality of health and welfare of a country's population. Accepted to develop a prediction system that can be easily accessed by the general public via a web platform. The method used to predict is the Lagrange polynomial interpolation method. The Lagrange polynomial interpolation method was chosen because it can model irregular numerical data with a fairly high level of accuracy. The data used to predict AHH comes from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Known data on life expectancy in Indonesia for men from 2020 to 2023 shows 69.59, 69.67, 69.93 and 70.17. Predictions for 2024, 2025 and 2026 respectively show 70.19, 69.79, 68.77 with a Root Mean Squared Error result of 0.085875 or around 8.58% of the total data tested. The results of implementing the Lagrange polynomial interpolation method into an application in the form of this website show that this method is able to provide accurate predictions for life expectancy in Indonesia and can make it easier to use.Keywords: Interpolasi, Polinom Langrange, Life Expectancy, prediction, lifespan
Quantitative Analysis of Magnetohdrodynamic Sustained Convective Flow via Vertical Plate
Authors: Kirubaharan D R , Subhashini A D , Babu Narendra V.N , Murali Gundagani
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the effects of heat and mass transfer on MHD flow in an incompressible, heated fluid that has been accelerated to a steady free stream are investigated. It examines mass movement in a magnetic field as well as heat absorption qualities. In the model, non-linear governing equations and the Laplace transform method are applied. The relationship between temperature, concentration, and velocity and flow parameters is illustrated by studies utilizing parametric data.Keywords: Magnetohdrodynamics, Laplace Transform method, Free Convection, vertical Plate
The Effect of Gamma Irradiation as A Food Preservation Technology on The Shelf Life and Quality of Fresh-cut Watermelon
Authors: Adeska Rieka Arkaninto , Octaviany Nur , Saragih Renaldy Bernardo , Andrianti Retno , Ridho Ridho , Darojati Harum Azizah , Ariyanti Dhita
Published: December 2024

Several methods for preserving food, particularly fresh fruit, aim to extend shelf life without compromising nutritional value. Food preservation technology utilizing irradiation techniques ensures food safety and stability by eliminating microbes and microorganisms while preserving nutrients. This study investigates the food preservation process using gamma irradiation, analyzes the physical changes in irradiated food over time, and examines the effects of varying gamma irradiation doses on the weight loss and shelf life of fresh-cut watermelon. The research method involves gamma irradiation at doses of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 kGy. Findings indicate that gamma irradiation at these doses affects the weight loss of fresh-cut watermelon. The highest weight loss, approximately 87.36%, was observed at a dose of 3 kGy, indicating significant cellular and membrane damage. Furthermore, high-dose irradiation leads to nutrient degradation and accelerates water loss, resulting in physical changes in fresh-cut watermelon, such as increased softness, wateriness, and odor.Keywords: Food irradiation, Food preservation, Watermelon.
Evaluation of Tartrazine Solution as a Potential Gamma Dosimeter Material
Authors: Arumbifa Farhansyah Yunandani , Kurniawan Deni , Diani Desalsa Anggoro , Praja Dika Bhakti , Ajri Fauziah Ulfah , Dewi Ariyani Kusuma , Ariyanti Dhita
Published: December 2024

Radiation dosimetry plays a crucial role in various fields, including medical, industrial, and environmental applications. Accurate and reliable dosimeters are essential for measuring and controlling radiation exposure. This study aims to evaluate the stability of the food dye tartrazine as a potential gamma radiation dosimeter. The need for accessible and cost-effective dosimetric materials motivates the exploration of tartrazine's capabilities in this regard. This research investigates the response of tartrazine solutions under varying gamma radiation doses (0 to 3.118 kGy) using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to measure absorbance at a wavelength of 424 nm. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in absorbance with increasing radiation doses, indicating decolorization due to oxidative reactions triggered by hydroxyl radicals (OH·) generated during irradiation. Tartrazine, which imparts a yellow color through its diazenedyl (-N=N-) bonds, undergoes bond cleavage upon gamma radiation exposure, resulting in a permanent color change. Further analysis reveals that tartrazine-based dosimeters exhibit optimal stability for less than four weeks. Therefore, tartrazine solution can serve as an effective gamma radiation dosimeter for short-term applications. This study provides a foundation for developing new dosimetric materials, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research to enhance radiation safety and measurement accuracy.Keywords: Dosimeter, Gamma Irradiation, Radiation, Stability, Tartrazine.
Evaluating The Performance of DWT-DCT Feature Extraction in Guitar Chord Recognition
Authors: Sumarno Linggo
Published: December 2024

This study presents advancements in audio signal processing techniques, specifically in enhancing the efficiency of guitar chord recognition. It is a continuation of the previous studies, which also aim at minimizing the feature extraction length with the intended performance. This study adopted two signal processing techniques that are common: Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for use in the feature extraction method. By conducting a systematic evaluation of two key parameters: frame blocking length and wavelet filter selection, a significant achievement could be achieved. The recognition system managed to obtain chord recognition with an accuracy of up to 91.43%, by using a feature extraction length of only three, which brought about smaller representation than the previous studies. The outcome of this study will help improve the data processing, which can be applied in real time, in this case in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based chord recognition systems.

Keywords: chord recognition, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform, feature extraction
The Effect of Nurses' Psychological Climate Perceptions on Their Professionality in The Context of Work Engagement
Authors: Çelik Ülke Hilal , Naktiyok Atılhan
Published: December 2024

Background: The psychological climate of the organization, the individual's perspective on work and whether they are engaged are meaningful in terms of the professionalism level of nurses. Because work engagement, as a concept completely opposite to burnout, refers to the emotional and motivational state of the employee towards his work.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of nurses’ positive psychological climate perception on their professionalism and to investigate the mediation role of work engagement in this relationship.
Method: Related data were gathered from 190 nurses who are working in a public hospital belonging to Health Ministry Erzurum Public Hospitals Union. In the research, the questionnaire form was used as data collection method. The questionnaire consists of statements determining the participants' perceptions of psychological climate, work engagement and professionalism. Validity and reliability of the scales were measured by item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency coefficient method. The model, which was developed to analyze the relations between the variables, was tested by structural equation modeling.
Findings: In the research model and correlations between the variables were determined, and it was concluded that the relationships between all three variables were significant at the level of p <0.001. In the second stage of the analysis, a structural equation test was applied to the research model and the relationships between the variables were determined. Then, Baron and Kenny approach and bootstrap analysis were used to determine the mediating effect related to the structural model. By testing the structural model, it was determined that the results of the goodness of fit index values were within the specified reference ranges.
Result: According to the analyze results, it is seen that work engagement has a partial role on the effect of positive psychological climate perception on professionalism.
Samfélagsskýrslur fyrirtækja
Authors: Jónsson Bragi Rúnar , Steinþórsson Runólfur Smári , Sigurjónsson Þröstur Olaf
Published: December 2024

Samfélagsleg ábyrgð fyrirtækja er mikið til umræðu um þessar mundir og hagaðilar vilja vera upplýstir um stöðu fyrirtækja í þeim efnum. Í þessari grein er fjallað um hvernig íslensk fyrirtæki upplýsa um stöðu sína í þessum málum og hvert þau stefna. Markmið rannsóknarinnar er að skoða samfélagsskýrslur íslenskra fyrirtækja til að öðlast skilning á því hvaða upplýsingar koma fram í þeim, um framsetningu gagna og frammistöðu fyrirtækjanna í þáttum sem snúa að umhverfi, samfélagi og stjórnarháttum (UFS þáttum). Í rannsókninni voru valdar 33 samfélagsskýrslur íslenskra fyrirtækja sem gefnar voru út árið 2021. Greint var hvaða gögn koma fram í samfélagsskýrslunum, hvað fyrirtækin gera vel og hvar megi bæta upplýsingagjöf. Rannsóknin leitaði svara við tveimur rannsóknarspurningum, annars vegar hvort samfélagsskýrslur væru staðlaðar, samanburðarhæfar og staðfestar af utanaðkomandi aðilum og hvernig fyrirtækin standa að þessum atriðum. Hins vegar var skoðað hvort nægilegar upplýsingar væru í samfélagsskýrslunum til að upplýsa fjárfesta og aðra notendur um hvernig fyrirtækin stæðu sig í að upplýsa um stöðu UFS þátta, þróun þeirra þátta, árangur og hvert stefnir. Rannsóknin sýnir að fyrirtæki eru almennt að nýta staðla við gerð samfélagsskýrslna sem auðveldar samanburð á milli fyrirtækja og tímabila, þó staðla megi betur notkun mælieininga í skýrslunum. Hvað staðfestingu á samfélagsskýrslum varðar, þá er hún ekki almenn sem minnkar áreiðanleika og trúverðugleika skýrslnanna. Almennt eru fyrirtæki að skýra vel frá stöðu og þróun UFS þátta í samfélagsskýrslum en mættu upplýsa betur um UFS markmið sín. Upplýsingar í samfélagsskýrslum nýtast fjárfestum og öðrum notendum til að átta sig á stöðu fyrirtækja í UFS málum og hver markmið þeirra eru. Ekki eru mörg ár síðan íslensk fyrirtæki byrjuðu að birta samfélagsskýrslur en fyrirséð er að mikilvægi þessarar upplýsingagjafar aukist á komandi árum bæði vegna aukinna krafna frá notendum skýrslnanna og eins löggjafanum. Rannsókn þessi getur nýst í umræðu um samfélagslega ábyrgð og hvernig upplýsingagjöf er háttað hjá íslenskum fyrirtækjum í þeim efnum. Rannsóknin er innlegg á sviði sem hefur ekki verið rannsakað mikið hér á landi.
Stjórnendaleit: Hlutverk og ábyrgð ráðgjafa í ráðningarferli forstjóra
Authors: Christiansen Þóra H. , Óladóttir Ásta Dís , Guðmundsdóttir Hrefna
Published: December 2024

Kynjahalli í æðstu stjórnunarstöðum hefur verið viðvarandi á íslenskum vinnumarkaði. Ráðningarferli forstjóra hafa verið gagnrýnd og bent á að gefa þurfi gaum að hlut ráðgjafa í ferlinu. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar er að kanna ráðningarferli forstjóra á Íslandi, með sérstakri áherslu á hlutverk ráðgjafa í ferlinu. Rannsóknarspurningarnar sem lagðar eru til grundvallar eru tvær. Sú fyrri: Hvert er viðhorf ráðgjafa til hlutverks síns og ábyrgðar í stjórnendaleit og ráðningarferli forstjóra og sú síðari, hvernig upplifa ráðgjafar sinn þátt í þeim kynjahalla sem er á forstjórastöðum? Rannsóknin sýnir að ráðgjafar gegna mikilvægu hlutverki í að móta ráðningarferlið með því að útbúa lista af kandídötum, byggða á tengslaneti og faglegu innsæi, en valferlið er oft óformlegt og æðstu stöður sjaldan auglýstar. Svo virðist sem kynbundin viðmið geti haft áhrif á það hverjir komast á „listann“ yfir kandídata sem kynntir eru fyrir stjórn og byggist það á karllægum leiðtogaviðmiðum sem hafa neikvæð áhrif á framgang kvenna í æðstu stjórnendastöður. Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar benda til þess að þó að ráðgjafar leitist við að auka kynjajafnvægi, komi konur oft síður til greina vegna hefðbundinna matsferla þar sem karllægir eiginleikar eru oft í forgangi. Á sama tíma gegna ráðgjafar lykilhlutverki í að mæta óskum viðskiptavina sinna um hentuga kandídata. Nýnæmi rannsóknarinnar felst í því að varpa ljósi á það hvernig ferli sem virðist hlutlaust getur stuðlað að kynjaójafnvægi og hvernig ráðgjafar í stjórnendaleit geta, með breyttum starfsháttum, haft áhrif á aukna fjölbreytni í ráðningum forstjóra. Rannsóknin leggur áherslu á mikilvægi kynjasjónarmiða í ráðningum til að stuðla að jafnrétti kynjanna á æðstu stigum atvinnulífsins.
The Dairy Support System: Who loses and who gains when quotas are tradeable?
Authors: Runólfsson Birgir Þór , Árnason Ragnar
Published: December 2024

Iceland has a tradition of intervening in the domestic agricultural market, including dairy farming. Much of the intervention has consisted of a combination of a minimum support price and subsidies, in addition to import tariffs. An important feature in dairy farming has been the direct payment quotas held by the individual farmers, which are transferable.
Does the quota trade hurt farmers rather than help them? Do those farmers who buy quota lose and those who sell gain? Does flow of capital from continuing farmers to ex-farmers result in the gains from the subsidy only benefitting those farmers that were operating and received direct payment quota when instituted, and then sold out of the system?
We attempt to answer these and related questions here. In doing so, we show that popular arguments about who gains and who loses in quota trades are confused. Contrary to popular claims, economic analysis shows that no one incurs a loss, not those operating in the system, not those who cash out, nor those who buy quota. Not only doesn’t anyone lose but in fact most or all gain through trade.
This in general confirms the basic principles of economics and free trade. Gain is the motive for trade; people do not engage in trade if they do not see some gain in doing so. This also confirms that trade increases farmers’ wealth. Not only the farmers who receive the initial allocation of quotas gain through trading the quota; farmers buying into dairy farming also gain.
Sjálfbærnireikningsskil fyrirtækja og áhrif á störf stjórna
Authors: Óskarsdóttir Heiða , Sigurjónsson Þröstur Olaf , Steinþórsson Runólfur Smári
Published: December 2024

Stöðluð og samræmd sjálfbærniupplýsingagjöf fyrirtækja gegnir lykilhlutverki í stefnumörkun Evrópusambandsins í málefnum sjálfbærni. Stefna Evrópusambandsins er skýr. Af því leiðir að mikill áhugi er til staðar á því að vita hvort og þá hvaða skyldur verða lagðar á herðar fyrirtækjum og stjórnum þeirra. Hér fer rannsókn um það hvaða áhrif tilskipun um sjálfbærniupplýsingagjöf fyrirtækja (CSRD) muni hafa á störf stjórna þeirra íslensku fyrirtækja sem falla undir gildissvið hennar. Jafnframt er skoðað hvort áhrifa tilskipunarinnar sé farið að gæta í leiðbeiningum Norðurlandanna um stjórnarhætti. Niðurstöður sýna að CSRD-tilskipunin hefur ekki að geyma bein fyrirmæli um störf stjórna, önnur en þau að stjórn ber ábyrgð á gerð, skilum og birtingu ársreiknings sem hefur að geyma sjálfbærniupplýsingar í skýrslu stjórnar. Tilskipunin skyldar hvorki fyrirtæki né stjórnir þeirra til athafna í málefnum sjálfbærni. Eingöngu þarf að greina frá því sem gert er. Aukin upplýsingagjöf um málefni sjálfbærni hefur þrátt fyrir það þau óbeinu áhrif að meiri þungi leggst á stefnumótunar- og eftirlitshlutverk stjórna og þar af leiðandi ábyrgð þeirra. Tryggja þarf heilindi sjálfbærniupplýsinga og taka upplýsta ákvörðun um það hvort og þá með hvaða hætti samþætta á sjálfbærni við stefnu og viðskiptalíkan fyrirtækis. Áhrifa tilskipunarinnar og sjálfbærnilöggjafar Evrópusambandsins í heild er farið að gæta í leiðbeiningum um stjórnarhætti á Norðurlöndunum. Í sænsku og dönsku leiðbeiningunum eru lagðar beinar skyldur á stjórnir í málefnum sjálfbærni, ekki einungis hvað varðar upplýsingagjöf, heldur einnig greiningu áhættu og tækifæra, stefnumótun og að tryggja skilvirka áhættustýringu og innra eftirlit. Í norsku leiðbeiningunum gætir að hluta til aukinnar áherslu á sjálfbærni. Íslensku og finnsku leiðbeiningarnar standa hinum langt að baki þegar kemur að því að veita stjórnum fyrirtækja leiðbeiningar hvernig þær eigi að rækja hlutverk sitt í málefnum sjálfbærni.
Ankara’da Yaşayan Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Kitap Okuma Alışkanlıklarının Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: Güneş Lügen Ceren , Durualp Enver , Durualp Ender
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırmada Ankara’da yaşayan ortaokula devam eden öğrencilerin kitap okuma alışkanlıklarının okunan kitap sayısı, okuma süresi, kitaplık durumu, kütüphane üyeliği, e-kitap okuma, okunan kitap türü ve okuma amacı bakımından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Araştırma, betimsel türde ve tarama modelindedir. Araştırmaya uygun örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen ve Ankara’da yaşayan, ortaokula devam eden 215 kız ve 172 erkek olmak üzere toplam 387 öğrenci alınmıştır. Araştırmaya alınan öğrencilerin %27,6’sı altıncı sınıfa, %27,1’i yedinci sınıfa, %26,6’sı sekizinci sınıfa ve %18,6’sı beşinci sınıfa devam etmektedir. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Genel Bilgi Formu” ve “Ortaokul Kitap Okuma Alışkanlığı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada etik onay alındıktan sonra, veriler Google Form aracılığıyla çevrimiçi olarak toplanmıştır. Normal dağılım gösteren verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve LSD testinden yararlanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Bulgular, öğrencilerin kitap okuma alışkanlıklarının okunan kitap sayısı, günlük okuma süresi, kitaplık durumu, kütüphane üyeliği, e-kitap okuma, okunan kitap türü ve okuma amacına göre anlamlı bir biçimde farklılaştığını göstermektedir.

Sonuç: Araştırmada ayda iki kitap okuyan, her gün kitap okumaya zaman ayıran, kitaplığı olan, kütüphaneye üyeliği bulunan, e-kitap okuyan, roman, fen bilimleri/teknik vb. türde kitapları tercih eden, bilgi edinmek, kendini geliştirmek ve eğlenmek amacıyla okuyan öğrencilerin kitap okuma alışkanlığı düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu öğrencilerin, okuma, yazma ve konuşma, kitapla sıkı ve olumlu ilişkiler kurma ve anlatımlarını zenginleştirmeye yönelik davranış ve beceri düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır.

Özgünlük: İlköğretimde edinilen kitap okuma alışkanlığını pekiştirmek ve sürdürülebilir kılmak için alınabilecek önlem ve yapılabilecek çalışmalara zemin oluşturmak, ortaokul öğrencilerinin kitap okuma alışkanlığını etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek ve mevcut durumun fotoğrafını çekerek ebeveynlere, uzmanlara ve araştırmacılara birtakım önerilerde bulunmak bu araştırmanın özgün yanını ortaya koymaktadır.
Beyond the finish line: unraveling the causes, prevention, and postmortem diagnostics of sudden death in sports
Authors: Kycler Maciej , Rzepczyk Szymon , Szymańska Cyntia , Żaba Czesław , Świderski Paweł
Published: December 2024

Sudden death in sports was investigated from a medico-legal perspective, focusing on pathophysiology, prevention strategies, and postmortem diagnostics procedures. A literature review was conducted, searching databases including PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords related to sports and sudden death. All peer-reviewed articles from the last 10 years were considered, focusing on the pathophysiology, prevention, and postmortem procedures of sudden death in sports. The cardiological causes of sudden death differ significantly by age. In older athletes, ischemic heart disease is prevalent, while younger athletes more commonly suffer from genetic conditions such as cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. Non-cardiological causes include sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and intracranial hemorrhage. Additionally, doping in sports poses a significant risk. Postmortem diagnostics are challenging due to the lack of characteristic symptoms, requiring thorough analysis of the circumstances of death and the patient’s medical history. Essential postmortem studies include heart examinations, as well as histopathological, genetic, and toxicological analyses, tailored to the specifics of various sports disciplines. Sudden death in sports underscores the necessity for both primary and secondary prevention measures to ensure athlete safety. Implementing regular screenings and educational programs on the risks associated with physical activity and rigorous postmortem diagnostic procedures are crucial steps in mitigating these risks.
Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Strategies: A Comparative Analysis of Grid Impact and Cost Optimization Under Variable Tariffs in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the United Kingdom
Authors: Šehić Faruk
Published: December 2024

A comprehensive analysis of optimal electric vehicle (EV) charging strategies was conducted in this paper, focusing on minimizing costs and reducing grid impact under different electricity tariffs in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the United Kingdom. Advanced mathematical optimization techniques were employed, including the development of a centralized charging algorithm that integrates real-time electricity prices and grid constraints. A comparison was made between weakly variable tariffs, such as those in Bosnia and Herzegovina and frequently variable tariffs, like the Octopus Agile tariff in London. The analysis revealed significant cost-saving potential and enhanced grid stability associated with the latter. The findings offer valuable insights for optimizing EV charging infrastructure, which could benefit both electric car owners and power system operators. Practical strategies for managing EV charging in a way that supports the stability and efficiency of the power grid are proposed.
Analysis of Impact of Different Distributed Generation Technologies on Harmonics and Short-Circuits in Real Low Voltage Distribution Feeder
Authors: Rahmanović Mirsad , Bosović Adnan , Musić Mustafa
Published: December 2024

In modern power systems, reliable electricity supply is crucial. This study analyzes the impact of small hydro power plants (SHPP) and photovoltaic (PV) systems on a low-voltage network using DigSILENT PowerFactory software tool. Results show that PV systems increase total harmonic distortion (THD), while sHPP reduces THD and significantly increases short-circuit currents during faults. These findings highlight the importance of strategic integration of distributed generation (DG) sources to maintain network quality and stability.
The Extradition of the Balts from Sweden to the USSR –Baltutlämningen – retold
Authors: Alberts Pēteris
Published: December 2024

The tragic event when Sweden extradited the Balts to the Soviet Union (USSR) in 1946 has been discussed in numerous publications in scientific literature, belles-lettres, and fiction (P. O. Enquist: Legionärerna. En roman om baltutlämningen, 1968), and on the screen (J. Bergen-stråhle: Baltutlämningen, 1970). Sometimes, when historic events are described, deviations from facts, omissions and errors are introduced. The present aim is to summarise some of these and show their possible effects on the overall description of a historical event. Examples were obtained from a review by Kristensen and Burman (2018). The results show that while care should be taken to avoid deviations, omissions and errors, if sufficiently numerous, they may lead to a skewed interpretation of the historical event. Furthermore, the authors “argue that Enquist established a Swedish war trauma that was not self-evident in the social imagination before his novel”, and that the film “changes the focus of the trauma by downplaying the bad conscience of the Swedes”. However, these lines of thought were not followed up, and the authors did not take the opportunity to discuss what could have been a logical continuation. Namely, the possible post-factum application by Enquist of a rhetorical strategy known as playing the victim. This is when an aggressor pretends to be a victim to justify his or her own aggression. In conclusion, the present results suggest that deviations from facts, omissions, and errors may seriously distort the description of the actual event and lead to conclusions not supported by evidence.
Forecasts of Performance Indicators in the Health System Using the Arima Method
Authors: Mirescu Lucian , Popescu Liviu
Published: December 2024

This paper presents quarterly forecasts on several performance indicators from the Romanian health system, from a county emergency hospital. Using data from the period 2010-2022, forecasts are made for the period 2023-2025 of the average duration of hospitalization, the rate of bed utilization, the index of complexity of cases, the number of cases and the average cost of hospitalization. The method used is that of the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) applied to time series. The Dickey-Fuller test is used to check the stationarity of the time series, as well as other tests for the validation of prediction models.
Artificial intelligence prediction model for educational knowledge representation through learning performance
Authors: Ane Tanjea , Nepa Tabatshum
Published: December 2024

Precision education derives teaching and learning opportunities by customizing predictive rules in educational methods. Innovative educational research faces new challenges and affords state-of-the-art methods to trace knowledge between the teaching and learning ecosystem. Individual intelligence can only be captured through knowledge level representation, i.e., learning performance that sheds light on learners’ knowledge and ability to apply skills after course learning in the education process. Emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) predicts future learning performance in the higher education system. This research aims to implement an AI application using a supervised learning model to predict students' learning abilities, which are developed by the end of course study. The authors examine learners' performance skills using Bloom's classifiers. This study aims to develop more innovative ways to represent learners’ knowledge level by implementing AI models in learning performance. This prediction model assists both teacher and learner in understanding learners' knowledge abilities, and this study can find out the current status of learners' knowledge.