bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lesions at the Foramen of Monro Causing Obstructive Hydrocephalus
Authors: Chugh Ashish , Gotecha Sarang , Punia Prashant , Kanaskar Neelesh
Published: September 2021

The foramen of Monro has also been referred to by the name of interventricular foramen. The structures comprising this foramen are the anterior part of the thalamus, the fornix and the choroid plexus. Vital structures surround the foramen, the damage to which can be catastrophic leading to disability either temporary or permanent. In the literature it has been shown that tumors occurring in the area of interventricular foramen are rare and usually cause hydrocephalus. The operative approach depends upon the location of the tumor which can be either in the lateral or the third ventricle. Various pathologies which can lead to foramen of Monro obstruction and obstructive hydrocephalus include colloid cyst, craniopharyngioma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma [SEGA], Neurocysticercosis, tuberculous meningitis, pituitary macroadenoma, neurocytoma, ventriculitis, multiseptate hydrocephalus, intraventricular hemorrhage, functionally isolated ventricles, choroid plexus tumors, subependymomas and idiopathic foramen of monro stenosis. In this chapter, we will discuss the various lesions at the level of foramen of Monro causing obstructive hydrocephalus and the management and associated complications of these lesions based on their type, clinical picture and their appearance on imaging.
Circadian Rhythm Disorders
Authors: Sampat Ajay , Ryden Armand
Published: September 2021

Circadian rhythm disorders are a group of sleep conditions that involve a misalignment of an individual’s internal timekeeping system with that of one’s desired sleep-wake time. This desynchrony can compromise sleep health as well as the functioning of other organ system, and significantly diminish one’s quality of life. There are six well-defined circadian rhythm disorders that can be classified as either intrinsic or extrinsic, based on the underlying factors that contribute to the condition. Intrinsic circadian disorders include the following: 1) advanced sleep-wake phase disorder, 2) delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, 3) irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder, and 4) non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder. The two circadian disorders caused by external factors include 1) shift work disorder, and 2) jet lag disorder, both of which are due to behaviorally mediated misalignments of circadian system. This chapter serves to summarize these disorders, guide clinicians towards screening and evaluation of these conditions, and introduce basic treatment strategies that can be applied by non-sleep medicine clinicians.
Ontology in Quantum Mechanics
Authors: ’t Hooft Gerard
Published: September 2021

It is suspected that the quantum evolution equations describing the micro-world as we know it are of a special kind that allows transformations to a special set of basis states in Hilbert space, such that, in this basis, the evolution is given by elements of the permutation group. This would restore an ontological interpretation. It is shown how, at low energies per particle degree of freedom, almost any quantum system allows for such a transformation. This contradicts Bell’s theorem, and we emphasise why some of the assumptions made by Bell to prove his theorem cannot hold for the models studied here. We speculate how an approach of this kind may become helpful in isolating the most likely version of the Standard Model, combined with General Relativity. A link is suggested with black hole physics.
Special Section: Anarres Project for Alternative Futures Collection
Authors: Orosco José-Antonio , Sontag Lark , Stevens Zara , Duncan Taine ,   The Society for Philosophy in the Contemporary World
Published: September 2021

This article contains four essays from the Anarres Project, a forum for conversations, ideas, and initiatives that promote a future free of domination, exploitation, oppression, war, and empire. In the spirit of philosophy in the contemporary world, the selection includes recent work on the pandemic and related struggles for justice in the past year. An introduction to the project is included.
Guests in the Out-Side
Authors: Vartabedian Becky ,   The Society for Philosophy in the Contemporary World
Published: September 2021

Jane Bennett’s vital materialism develops positive ontological commitments to lively matter and resistant vitality, articulated using notions of actant and assemblage, thing-power and the out-side. I show that these ontological commitments reveal a limit for traditional modes of human knowing, favoring an emergent epistemology that attends to the ways actants and assemblages express themselves. I then argue for an account of acting that positions humans as guests of vibrant matter. Compacts of guest-friendship in Plato’s Crito and Kant’s To Perpetual Peace indicate that to be a guest is to be embedded in an asymmetrical system. The compact that binds the guest in a world of vibrant matter is the prospect of friendship with nonhuman others, a prospect I discuss following the work of Nick Bingham. I conclude by addressing Axelle Karera’s recent critique of Anthropocenean discourses, explaining the role guest-friendship can play in addressing certain of the weaknesses Karera identifies.
Filosofia e História da Filosofia
Authors: Ribeiro Ferreira Maria Luísa ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Dans cet article - ”Philosophie et Histoire de la Philosophie” - on relève la dimension historique dans l'enseignement/apprentissage philosophique en classes terminales. Le discours philosophique se croise avec le discours idéologique. Pour les élèves du secondaire la démarcation n’est pas très nette et la philosophie est considérée en tant que "opinion”. Il faut contrarier cette conception, et présenter la philosophie comme une pratique intellectuelle où domine la rigueur. Le recours à l’histoire de la philosophie peut être une solution, répondant aussi à quelques doutes sur le statut de la discipline et du professeur de philosophie.
O Tema da Existência na Nova Dilucidatio de Kant
Authors: Viegas Pedro ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

The analysis of the existence theme in Nova Dilucidatio from Kant constitutes the aim of the article. After a brief introduction to the possible way of making the theme clear in the kantian corpus, the analysis concentrates itself in the pre-critical text above mentioned, and tries to prove its argumentative structure already indicts a surpass, in particular in its methodological premisses, of the rationalistic ontology.
Notas sobre Ambiente Urbano
Authors: Soromenho Marques Viriato ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

En tant que construct ion dûe à l’art humain, la ville es t devenue la deuxième nature de l’homme, mais, en même temps, le lieu où le malaise et la décadence de la civilisation se font les plus visibles. La tâche de l’écologie urbaine est de comprendre l'i dent ité de la ville, sans oublier les liens avec la première nature qui est à sa racine.
Hermenêutica na Historiografia. Feuerbach e o Problema Da Interpretação
Authors: Veríssimo Serrão Adriana ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Il s'agit de mettre en relief le rôle central du concept d 'Entwicklung dans l'herméneutique de l'histoire de la philosophie soutenue par Feuerbach dans les écrits des années 1833-1839. L'Entwicklung s'identifiant avec le déchiffrement (Entzifferung), le dévoilement (Enthüllung) ou la résolution de l'énigme (Enträtselung) du "vrai sens" d'une philosophie, c'est la question même de l'interprétation qui se trouve par là posée. On suit d'abord les fases de la méthode qui permet de défaire cet énigme, toujours par le moyen d'une interprétation immanente: l'analyse et la synthèse, l'identification de l'interprète avec l'auteur, la critique interne et la présentation communicative. On montre ensuite comment la stricte correspondance entre ces exigences herméneutiques et les principes de l'histoire feuerbachienne de la philosophie - le primat de la singularité, le caractère pluriel et simultané de la vérité, la discontinuité historique - finira par rendre irréalisable le projet d'une histoire intégrale de la philosophie moderne.
A Prova Anselmiana Segundo Karl Barth
Authors: Xavier Maria Leonor ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Karl Barth est un auteur saillant dans la tradition de la preuve anselmienne du Proslogion au XXème siècle. Il interprète cette preuve à l’intérieur d’un programme théologique qui prétend à la totale séparation par rapport à la philosophie, en déployant une raison propre à foi. La preuve anselmienne, devenue une pièce de théologie séparée, doit se trouver à l'abri de toutes le réfutations philosophiques. Toutefois, l'interprétation strictement théologique de la preuve selon Barth ne se trouve pas, elle même, à l'abri de conditions philosophiques. Rendre à l'évidence ces conditions au profit d'une lecture ontologiquement intégrée de la preuve anselmienne a été le but de cette étude.
O USO DO PLANO DE PARTO POR GESTANTES NO PRÉ-NATAL: UMA REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
Authors: Trigueiro Tatiane Herreira , Pardo Helene Nicolle , Berteloni Glauciane Marques de Assis , Franco Caroline Sampaio , Wall Marilene Loewen , Souza Silvana Regina Rossi Kissula
Published: September 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a literatura existente sobre a elaboração e utilização do plano de parto. Método: trata-se de revisão de escopo construída com base na estratégia PCC, sendo "P" a população (gestantes), "C" o conceito (plano de parto) e "C" o contexto (pré-natal). A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e BVS. Foram incluídos estudos na íntegra em inglês, espanhol ou português, que envolvessem a temática do plano de parto e tenham sido publicados até dezembro de 2019. Os dados foram coletados de outubro a dezembro de 2019. Os textos selecionados foram lidos na íntegra e extraídos dados de caracterização da produção, principais resultados e foi destacado o uso do plano de parto. Resultados: a amostra final foi de 27 artigos elegíveis, os quais foram organizados conforme o fluxograma de Itens de Relatórios Preferenciais para Revisões Sistemáticas e Metanálises. Em sua maioria os artigos foram publicados em 2019 (n=6) e com origem nos Estados Unidos (n=9), seguido pela Inglaterra (n=3). O principal tema encontrado foi sobre o uso do plano de parto e sua relação com a satisfação, empoderamento e melhoria da experiência das gestantes. Conclusão: o uso do plano de parto é um incentivo a toda a equipe profissional para o cumprimento dos acordos realizados com a gestante e sua família, modificando as práticas de cuidado no parto nas instituições de saúde e tornando-as mais respeitosas.
FATORES PREDITORES DA INFECÇÃO RESPIRATÓRIA AGUDA EM PRÉ-ESCOLARES ASSISTIDOS POR CRECHE PÚBLICA
Authors: Barreto Amanda Katarine Correia Paes , Holanda Eliane Rolim de , Souza Hákilla Pricyla de Jesus , Souza Bruno Felipe Novaes
Published: September 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os fatores preditores entre a ocorrência de infecção respiratória aguda e as condições clínicas e sociodemográficas de pré-escolares em uma creche pública. Método: estudo transversal desenvolvido com 121 acompanhantes responsáveis por crianças de dois a seis anos, em uma creche do município de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Formulário semiestruturado foi utilizado para coleta de dados, realizada no período de maio a agosto de 2018, cujas informações diziam respeito às características clínicas e sociodemográficas dos pré-escolares e da família. Os dados foram submetidos a testes de associação na análise estatística bivariada e aplicada regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: encontrou-se prevalência de 40,5% de infecção respiratória aguda entre as crianças. A análise multivariada revelou que o tempo de permanência na creche superior a cinco horas (OR=2,448; IC95% 1,126-5,323; p=0,024) e a baixa escolaridade do responsável (OR=2,552; IC95% 1,179-5,528; p=0,017) dobraram a chance de a criança adquirir infecção respiratória aguda. Conclusão: a identificação dos fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de infecções respiratórias no ambiente pré-escolar fornece subsídios para a promoção da saúde das crianças com vistas à redução das internações por distúrbios respiratórios nesse grupo etário.
VIVÊNCIA DE MÃES DE RECÉM-NASCIDOS COM ICTERÍCIA NEONATAL NA FOTOTERAPIA
Authors: Ferreira Dayana Kelly Soares , Oliveira Annelissa Andrade Virgínio de , Andrade Ana Carla Alves de , Nunes Jacqueline Targino , Oliveira Jonas Sami Albuquerque de , Medeiros Soraya Maria de
Published: September 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a vivência de mães de recém-nascidos com icterícia neonatal submetidos ao tratamento com fototerapia. Método: trata-se de pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa realizada em um hospital universitário do Nordeste brasileiro. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de março a agosto de 2017, por meio de entrevista individual semiestruturada, com 20 mães de recém-nascidos diagnosticados com icterícia e em fototerapia no alojamento conjunto. Os dados foram analisados mediante a técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: da análise emergiram três categorias temáticas - compreensão sobre a icterícia e a fototerapia, percepção do cuidar materno na fototerapia e apoio durante o tratamento de fototerapia. O apoio social, a fé, as atividades lúdicas e o otimismo pela recuperação foram elementos identificados como potencializadores para o enfrentamento do tratamento pelas mães. Por outro lado, o desconhecimento sobre a terapêutica, a preocupação com o estado de saúde do recém-nascido, o ambiente desconhecido com adiamento da ida para casa, o isolamento da família e a falha na comunicação com a equipe foram destacados elementos que dificultam o processo como fragilizadores. Conclusão: concluiu-se que as mães possuem déficit de informações a respeito da terapêutica do filho, o que influencia diretamente no período de internação, tornando-o conturbado e tendo efeito de insegurança no cuidar do filho, sendo a equipe de saúde o elemento essencial na transmissão de informações para inserir a mãe no cuidado ao neonato e estreitar laços entre eles.
A Practical Way to Evaluate the In-Service Performance of Antifouling Coatings
Authors: Krapp Andreas , Vranakis George
Published: September 2021

It is well known that the change of the character of the underwater hull surface influences the overall performance of a vessel in service over the period between dry-dockings. These changes in surface character and structure are mainly due to mechanical damages of the coating film and to biofouling accumulating on the surface, see figure 1 for illustration. The average impact of the surface degradation on the propulsion efficiency of a vessel over a five year docking interval has been reported to be on the order of 15% to 20% as indicated in [1, 2]. For different types of fouling the additional shaft power demanded to maintain a certain vessel speed has been estimated to amount to between 9% for light slime and up to 84% for heavy calcareous fouling [3], see table 1. Given that the fouling protection abilities of different antifouling coatings on the market vary and that the impact of this variation is so significant to those paying the fuel bill, one needs practical ways to evaluate the in-service performance of antifouling coatings for individual vessels.
Fusion of Biocide and Hydrogel-based Technologies Impact on Biofouling Prevention
Authors: Radenovic Jakov , Sørensen Kim Flugt , Blom Anders , Hillerup Dorthe
Published: September 2021

Environmental protection concerns continue to drive the coatings industry to seek innovative and efficient solutions to problems that arise from biofouling on ship-hulls. Fouling Release coatings have historically been biocide-free due to a very limited effect of the biocides. This paper describes the introduction of biocides with hydrogel into Fouling Release technology. By fusing hydrogel-based Fouling Release technology with less than 5%w of the biocides used in conventional antifouling coatings, an antifouling performance exceeding that of conventional antifouling coatings, as well as state of the art Fouling Release coatings has been achieved. It is shown that the biocide release rate from the new technology does not depend on speed for velocities ranging between 0.2 and 20 knots (0.37 –37 km/h). However, at increasing temperatures, the biocide release rate increases, thereby matching the increase in fouling pressure. Taking together, the very long-term antifouling performance of the biocide-activated hydrogel, the fuel-efficiency of the binder system, the efficient utilization of biocides even at high speeds and low temperature, it is concluded the technology described here is both the most efficient and environmentally friendly Fouling Control coating available.
A Marine Forensic Analysis of Fishing Vessel LADY MARY
Authors: Phillips T. O. , McAvoy K. P.
Published: September 2021

Fishing Vessel LADY MARY sank on the morning of March 24, 2009, and this paper outlines the marine forensic analysis performed by the U.S. Coast Guard Marine Board of Investigation to determine the causal factors. The condition of the sunken vessel included significant damage to the vessel’s rudder, propeller and stern ramp, which was extensively documented by commercial divers and a Remotely Operated Vehicle. U.S. Navy divers recovered the vessel’s rudder, GPS units and computer. The evidence obtained from the sunken vessel was systematically evaluated in conjunction with other information obtained from the sole survivor of the casualty, the vessel’s Shore Manager, pre-casualty photographs, a shipyard drawing of the vessel, vessel tracking systems, and a computer modeled stability analysis. Based on the forensic analysis, a number of sinking scenarios were eliminated and a probable sequence of events surrounding the sinking of LADY MARY was developed.
Taking Care of Ballast Tank Coatings = Green Ballast Tanks Coatings
Authors: De Baere Kris , Verstraelen Helen , Willemen Remke , Meskens Raf , Potters Geert
Published: September 2021

Shipping plays an important role in the logistic chain. These a worthiness of ships transporting goods world wide is therefore crucial. One element defining these a worthiness of a ship is the condition of her ballast tanks. These tanks are an area of concern for ship owners and crew. They are subject to corrosion; and due to the enclosed environment and complex structure, maintenance is very difficult and costly. This paper gives the results of an “insitu” study of ballast tanks on board of more than 150 merchant ships. No selection criteria were applied from the start and the ships were surveyed as opportunity arose. Most of the ships are worldwide trading and the age varies between brand new and 36years. Figure 1 gives a good idea of the age distribution. Many types of ships are represented in the database amongst others 10oil tankers, 14 liquefied gas carrier, 25 chemical tankers, 28 bulk carriers, 23 full containers carriers, 5 general cargoes, 9 RoRo’s, 8 refrigerated ships. Surface corrosion was assessed, compared and the importance of condition and environmental parameters during coating application recognized. The paper also reveals the significant difference between the average corrosion regression line of the data base and the coating condition in the ballast tanks on board ships to where the operator invested in a superior coating system at new building, with extra attention to surface preparation and coating application. The need to reduce the environmental impact of shipping becomes more and more obvious. Blasting with shot and grit, vast amounts of water used for water jetting and rinsing, surface cleaning and high solvent coatings jeopardize our future generations. Luckily, there duction of the environmental impact has beneficial economic consequences a sit brings down significantly maintenance costs.
Reforma agrária do Brasil e Peru da década de 60, sobre a ótica comparativa dos regimes militares
Authors: Costa Greyg Lake Oliveira
Published: September 2021

A américa latina fortemente marcada pelo coronelismo, resultou em latifúndios de terras distribuídos a uma parcela muito pequena da população, que trouxe como resultado grandes faixas de terras não produtivas, que não geram nenhum tipo de lucro, nem de desenvolvimento econômico ou social. Por se tratar de um fenômeno unânime nos países latinos, em praticamente todos países desta região houve algum tipo de introdução de conceitos de reforma agrária. Entretanto, pode se verificar que esse processo ocorreu de diferente forma em cada país. Assim este trabalho busca compreender as principais diferenças entre a reforma agrária dos anos 60 no território brasileiro e peruano. Ambas iniciados durante o regime militar. Esta análise permitirá compreender as especificidades de cada governo e situação política, e como isso impactou na situação agrária de cada país. No Brasil, a reforma agrária foi motivada por se tratar de uma questão que vinha se mostrando potencialmente perigosa. Já haviam sido registrados alguns enfretamentos como o caso do confronto em Francisco Beltrão no Paraná (1957), outros confrontos vinham acontecendo na região norte de Goiás (Trompas e Formoso). Por existir forte influência do Partido Comunista no setor agrário, os militares optaram por resolver de vez a questão de reforma agrária do país. Já no país peruano a reforma agrária era bem vista pelo alto escalão da burocracia estatal, que viam a necessidade iminente de modernização do setor, proporcionando o crescimento econômico capitalista na zona rural. O país planejava aplicar a tão desejada substituição de importação e via a reforma agrária como ponto chave para ter sucesso.
Una concepción pragmatista sobre las reglas
Authors: García Jorge Pedro Antonio
Published: September 2021

La defensa de la normatividad del significado ha derivado en el debate sobre la prioridad metafísica de las reglas o del significado (cfr. Glüer & Wikforss, 2018). Sin embargo, la defensa de la prioridad de las reglas no es más que una variante del intelectualismo y, por ende, está sujeta a las mismas críticas que éste, mientras que la defensa de la prioridad del significado deja sin respuesta a la pregunta metasemántica ¿cómo es qué el lenguaje es significativo? Una concepción pragmatista sobre las reglas permite superar el debate evitando el intelectualismo y proporcionando una respuesta a la pregunta metasemántica.

Defending the normativity of meaning has led to the debate about the metaphysical priority either or rules or meaning (cfr. Glüer & Wikforss, 2018). On the one hand, defending priority of rules is just a variant of intellectualism and, therefore, it is subject to the same criticisms. On the other hand, defending priority of meaning leaves unanswered the meta-semantic question: how is it that language is significant? A pragmatic conception of rules makes it possible to overcome the debate by avoiding intellectualism and providing an answer to the meta-semantic question.
The resistanf effect of slurs: A nonpropositional, presuppositional account
Authors: Moreno Zurita Alba , Pérez-Navarro Eduardo
Published: September 2021

El propósito de este artículo es dar cuenta de la resistencia a la cancelación, el rechazo y la retractación exhibida por los slurs. La explicación que ofrecemos es presuposicional. Como las teorías presuposicionales más recientes, además, la nuestra es una propuesta presuposi-cional no proposicional. Nuestra posición es que, para ser exitosas, las proferencias de oraciones que contienen slurs requieren que el common ground incluya ciertos componentes, pero estos componentes no son proposiciones, sino ordena-mientos de mundos.

The aim of this paper is to account for the resistance to cancelation, rejection, and retraction exhibited by slurs. The kind of explanation we offer is a presuppositional one. Like the most recent presuppositional accounts, moreover, ours is a nonpropositional presuppositional proposal. Our view is that, to be felicitous, utterances of sentences featuring slurs require certain components to be part of the common ground, but these components are not propositions, but world-orderings.
La raison d’être : décryptage d’une innovation en droit des sociétés — Regard français
Authors: Ben Messaoud Yassine
Published: September 2021

Nouvellement introduite en droit français, la notion juridique de raison d’être est définie à l’article 1835 du Code civil comme « constituée des principes dont la société se dote et pour le respect desquels elle entend affecter des moyens dans la réalisation de son activité ». Elle aurait pour but de revisiter la finalité de l’entreprise, de lutter contre sa financiarisation, de dépasser les doutes à l’égard de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE) et d’attirer les talents. Près d’un an après la promulgation de la Loi no 2019-486 du 22 mai 2019 relative à la croissance et la transformation des entreprises, plus d’une centaine de grandes entreprises ont fait le choix de se donner une raison d’être. Pour autant, maints acteurs du monde économique l’assimilent à son équivalent en sciences de gestion. Cette confusion explique, en pratique, l’abondance de stipulations creuses et descriptives. C’est pourquoi, par souci de clarification, l’auteur veut proposer une définition juridique de cette nouvelle notion et un aperçu de son régime.
Vers une plus grande responsabilisation des sociétés canadiennes : le rôle des parties prenantes et de la divulgation des facteurs environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance
Authors: Biron Julie , Lavergne Viviane
Published: September 2021

Alors que les grandes sociétés par actions jouent un rôle indéniable dans l’économie actuelle, la liberté accordée à ces dernières pour atteindre leurs objectifs semble de plus en plus contestée. Un nombre croissant de personnes se demandent actuellement si cet important rôle économique des sociétés permet de justifier les externalités négatives qui peuvent découler de leurs activités. Afin de mieux comprendre la manière dont les acteurs privés exercent parfois des pressions sur les sociétés pour qu’elles intègrent des facteurs environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance (ESG) à leurs pratiques et repensent leur rôle, les auteures s’intéressent aux différents modes de pression auxquels les parties prenantes ont recours pour infléchir les choix faits par les administrateurs et les dirigeants des grandes sociétés canadiennes. De même, elles examinent les obligations en matière de divulgation d’informations ESG dans le but de déterminer si le Canada en fait assez pour favoriser une divulgation complète et représentative à cet égard en vue de faciliter une réelle surveillance des activités des sociétés par les parties prenantes.
Networks and network strategies: New theorization based upon a systematic literature review
Authors:   Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Quantitative Studies, Parthenope University of Naples, Via Generale Parisi 13, 80132 Naples, Italy, email: rossella.canestrino@uniparthenope.it, Canestrino Rossella , Forouharfar Amir ,   Ph.D., University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran, email: amir.forouharfar@gmail.com
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE: This paper aims to introduce a general all-embracing taxonomy of networks and its relevant strategies to facilitate the teaching and learning of the strategic concepts of networks in strategic management. METHODOLOGY: To fulfill its intention, the paper has adopted a systematic literature review (SLR), since the introduced taxonomy and its corresponding strategies should be a compendious reflection and summary of the current literature of the studies on strategic networks. RESULTS: The paper unfolded seven potential configurations of the networks and then proceeded with the proposition of their relevant strategies with regard to the networks’ relationships and forms. These networks were named as Reciprocally Interdependent Networks, Sequentially Interdependent Networks, Partnering Networks, Complementary (Overlapping) Networks, Supporting (Logistic) Networks, Distributing Networks, and Co-Innovation Knowledge-Sharing Networks. Their corresponding network strategies were identified as Multi-Level Promotion Strategy, Just-In-Time Strategy, Network Partnership Strategy, Compensatory Strategy, Network Logistic Strategy, Distributing Network Strategy, and Network R&D Strategy, respectively. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: Systematics or a system of classification is a fundamental necessity in any field of knowledge, benefiting both academia and learners. Accordingly, this paper provides a comprehensive but concise means of classifying networks and their strategies to overcome the paucity still existing in the literature. These efforts invite future research and conversation about networks and network strategies, proposing a guiding framework for the debate. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: Lack of consensus about theories and conceptualizations in strategic network studies became an inspiration for this research, which allowed for the clarification of the mentioned existing paucity.
How infectious diseases arrived in the colonial Americas
Authors: Pimenoff Ville N , Houldcroft Charlotte J
Published: September 2021

Analysis of viral DNA from human remains suggests that the transatlantic slave trade may have introduced new pathogens that contributed to the devastating disease outbreaks in colonial Mexico.
Waste
Authors: Siniawer Eiko Maruko
Published: September 2021

Affluence of the Heart explores the many and various ways in which waste—be it of time, stuff, money, possessions, and resources—was thought about in Japan from the immediate aftermath of devastating war to the early twenty-first century.It shows how questions about waste were deeply embedded in the decisions of the everyday and shaped by the central forces of postwar Japanese life from economic growth and mass consumption to material abundance and environmentalism.What endured from the late 1950s onward was a defining element of Japan’s postwar experience: the tension between the desire to achieve and defend the privileges of middle-class lifestyles made possible by affluence, and the discomfort and dissatisfaction with the logics, costs, and consequences of that very prosperity. This tension complicated the persistent search in these decades for what might be called well-being, happiness, or a good life. Affluence of the Heart is a history of how people lived—how they made sense of, gave meaning to, and found value in the acts of the everyday.
Dark Pasts
Authors: Dixon Jennifer M.
Published: September 2021

Over the past two decades, many states have been called on to recognize and apologize for historic wrongs. In response, some states have apologized for past crimes, while others continue to silence, deny, and relativize dark pasts. What explains this tremendous variation? When and why do states change the stories they tell about dark pasts? Based on a comparative analysis of the trajectories of Turkey’s narrative of the 1915-17 Armenian Genocide and Japan’s narrative of the 1937-8 Nanjing Massacre, Dark Pasts argues that international pressures increase the likelihood of change in official narratives of dark pasts, but domestic considerations determine the content of such change. Rather than simply changing with the passage of time, persistence, or rightness, official narratives of dark pasts are shaped by interactions between domestic and international politics. Combining historical richness and analytical rigor, Dark Pasts unravels the complex processes through which such narratives are constructed and contested, and offers an innovative way to analyze the content of and changes in historical memories. The book sheds light on the persistent presence of the past and reveals how domestic politics functions as a filter that shapes the ways in which states’ narratives change – or don’t – over time.
Platonism and Naturalism
Authors: Gerson Lloyd P.
Published: September 2021

In his third and concluding volume, the author presents an innovative account of Platonism, the central tradition in the history of philosophy, in conjunction with Naturalism, the “anti-Platonism” in antiquity and contemporary philosophy. The book contends that Platonism identifies philosophy with a distinct subject matter, namely, the intelligible world and seeks to show that the Naturalist rejection of Platonism entails the elimination of a distinct subject matter for philosophy. Thus, the possibility of philosophy depends on the truth of Platonism. From Aristotle to Plotinus to Proclus, the book clearly links the construction of the Platonic system well beyond simply Plato's dialogues, providing strong evidence of the vast impact of Platonism on philosophy throughout history. The book concludes that attempts to seek a rapprochement between Platonism and Naturalism are unstable and likely indefensible.
Cybersecurity maturity assessment framework for higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almomani Iman , Ahmed Mohanned , Maglaras Leandros
Published: September 2021

The Saudi Arabia government has proposed different frameworks such as the CITC’s Cybersecurity Regulatory Framework (CRF) and the NCA’s Essential Cybersecurity Controls (ECC) to ensure data and infrastructure security in all IT-based systems. However, these frameworks lack a practical, published mechanism that continuously assesses the organizations’ security level, especially in HEI (Higher Education Institutions) systems. This paper proposes a Cybersecurity Maturity Assessment Framework (SCMAF) for HEIs in Saudi Arabia. SCMAF is a comprehensive, customized security maturity assessment framework for Saudi organizations aligned with local and international security standards. The framework can be used as a self-assessment method to establish the security level and highlight the weaknesses and mitigation plans that need to be implemented. SCMAF is a mapping and codification model for all regulations that the Saudi organizations must comply with. The framework uses different levels of maturity against which the security performance of each organization can be measured. SCMAF is implemented as a lightweight assessment tool that could be provided online through a web-based service or offline by downloading the tool to ensure the organizations’ data privacy. Organizations that apply this framework can assess the security level of their systems, conduct a gap analysis and create a mitigation plan. The assessment results are communicated to the organization using visual score charts per security requirement per level attached with an evaluation report.
An efficient Equilibrium Optimizer for parameters identification of photovoltaic modules
Authors: Houssein Essam H. , Nageh Gamela , Abd Elaziz Mohamed , Younis Eman
Published: September 2021

The use of solar photovoltaic systems (PVs) is increasing as a clean and affordable source of electric energy. The Pv cell is the main component of the PV system. To improve the performance, control, and evaluation of the PV system, it is necessary to provide accurate design and to define the intrinsic parameters of the solar cells. There are many methods for optimizing the parameters of the solar cells. The first class of methods is called the analytical methods that provide the model parameters using datasheet information or I–V curve data. The second class of methods is the optimization-based methods that define the problem as an optimization problem. The optimization problem objective is to minimize the error metrics and it is solved using metaheuristic optimization algorithms. The third class of methods is composed of a hybrid of both the analytical and the metaheuristic approaches, some parameters are computed by the analytical approach and the rest are found using metaheuristic optimization algorithms. Research in this area faces two challenges; (1) finding an optimal model for the parameters of the solar cells and (2) the lack of data about the photovoltaic cells. This paper proposes an optimization-based algorithm for accurately estimating the parameters of solar cells. It is using the Improved Equilibrium Optimizer algorithm (IEO). This algorithm is improved using the Opposition Based Learning (OBL) at the initialization phase of EO to improve its population diversity in the search space. Opposition-based Learning (OBL) is a new concept in machine learning inspired by the opposite relationship among entities. There are two common models for solar cells; the single diode model (SDM) and double diode model (DDM) have been used to demonstrate the capabilities of IEO in estimating the parameters of solar cells. The proposed methodology can find accurate solutions while reducing the computational cost. Compared to other existing techniques, the proposed algorithm yields less mean absolute error. The results were compared with seven optimization algorithms using data of different solar cells and PV panels. The experimental results revealed that IEO is superior to the most competitive algorithms in terms of the accuracy of the final solutions.
Development of Wireless Heat Variation Detection System between MCCBs and MCs within an MCC
Authors: Yeon Yeong-Mo , Kim Seung-Hee
Published: September 2021

In this study, we developed a wireless heat variation detection system that can measure the temperature difference between the molded case circuit breaker (MCCB) and magnetic contactor (MC) of the motor control center (MCC), collect data, and monitor the heat variation of the MCC connection. Thus far, we have developed a temperature controller and applied a multi-communication technique based on Bluetooth Low Energy between the repeater and temperature controller between the MCCB and MC. Furthermore, we designed the measured temperature data to be transmitted to the cloud server via a gateway. To verify the functionality and performance of the developed wireless heat variation detection system, we initially installed 1 gateway for communication with the MCC server, 4 sets of 4 types of temperature controllers in Repeater 1, 12 sets of 4 types of temperature controllers in Repeater 2, and 6 sets of 4 types of temperature controllers in Repeater 3. Then, we conducted an experiment to periodically monitor the temperature at 12 locations of the MCCB and MC terminal connections in real-time. This developed device can be applied not only to the MCC but also to the power distribution system using the MCCB and MC. This will contribute to the prevention and management of electrical fire accidents caused by heat variation that can occur because of poor contact, overcurrent, and abnormal current.
Experimental Study on Droplet Impact Phenomena on Burning Liquid Pool Surfaces
Authors: Yang Ji Hyun , Park Min Yeong , Lee Chi Young
Published: September 2021

In this study, the phenomena of water droplet impact on burning methanol and n-heptane pool surfaces were experimentally investigated under various size and velocity conditions of impact droplet. In the n-heptane pool, the temperature increased to the deeper location of the pool and the droplet impact velocity was slower, as compared with those in the methanol pool. These results were caused by the higher heat release rate of the n-heptane pool. However, the impact droplet sizes on the burning methanol and n-heptane pool surfaces appeared to be similar. By visualizing the droplet impact phenomena, the impact pattern maps of burning methanol and n-heptane pool surfaces were constructed and compared with the previous impact pattern maps of their unburned pool surfaces. In the burning and unburned methanol and unburned n-heptane pools, patterns of single jet and splash with secondary jet were observed. On the contrary, in the burning n-heptane pool, patterns of single jet and canopy were observed.
A Phenomenological Study on the Exposing Experience and Overcoming of Repeated Fatal Accidents of Fire-fighting Officers on Outdoor Service
Authors: Kim Myeong-Hun , Han Su-Mi , Kim Hwan
Published: September 2021

The core purpose of this study is to provide useful information for educational and psychological programs for outdoor fire-fighters by comprehensive analysis of their repeated experience in exposure to fatal accidents and overcoming them. To this end, eight outdoor fire officials in charge of rescue and emergency affairs were selected as subjects of the study at a fire Station in Cheonan and conducted in-depth interviews. Subsequently, interview data were analyzed through Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method and 10 essential themes were derived as followings; the sorriness and regret of his inexperience at the scene of the fatal accident, the painfulness and sorriness for the inevitable fatal accident, a frightening and trembling emotional experience, the blocked emotional response, an emotionless experience, the spread of anxiety, the realization of the importance of confrontation, the realization of the importance of time to escape stress, an experience in the power of empathy and comfort from family and colleagues, and an experience in the importance of professional calling consciousness.
Modeling of the Heat Release Rate Curve of Rigid Plastic Combustibles Based on their Geometrical Properties and Constituent Materials
Authors: Lee Jaeyoung
Published: September 2021

In this study, we conducted the modeling and generalization of the heat release rate of rigid plastic combustibles with respect to their geometrical properties. The modeling and generalization was carried out using the model proposed by Natori, which is based on the combustion behavior of wooden furniture. Previous studies that have reported the combustion of printers were used for the modeling of the heat release rate of rigid plastic combustibles. The reported heat release rate measurements of the printers were examined to determine their applicability to Natori's model. After their applicability was confirmed, to generalize the heat release rate curve, heat release rate parameters of the combustibles were analyzed with respect to their geometrical properties and constituent materials. The combustibles were classified into two groups based on their geometrical properties, and the fire growth rate, maximum heat release rate, and decay rate represented the heat release rate parameters. Furthermore, the parameters were analyzed as a function of the apparent density of the combustibles. The fire growth rate and maximum heat release rate exhibited a relatively evident correlation with the apparent density, which indicated that an accurate estimation of the heat release rate curve can be obtained from the external dimensions and weight of the combustibles.
Formation of Cavitation and Supercavitation in a Rectangular Shape Nozzle
Authors: Ferdowsian Espanta
Published: September 2021

Flow inside a rectangular shape nozzle is simulated in this study. Finite volume scheme is utilized as the main solver for the current study. Second order scheme is utilized to discretize pressure. Second order upwind scheme is utilized for solving momentum equation. Then the momentum equation is coupled with the continuity equation to obtain the pressure and velocity at each cell. Cavitation inception and super cavitation is also found and discussed in this study and the results were also verified with previous Winklhofer et al. experiments.
Influence of Organizational Culture and Innovation on Banks’ Performance: A Quantitative Approach
Authors: Abodunde S. M. , Unachukwu J. C. , Jooda T. D. , Togun O. R.
Published: September 2021

The study examines the influence of organizational culture and innovation on banks’ performance with particular reference to the selected banks in Nigeria. Data were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to the 175 employees of Zenith bank, Guaranty bank, First bank United Bank for Africa, and Eco bank located in Ibadan metropolis. Pearson Moment correlation and regression model were used to analyse the data. The study established that organizational culture and innovation jointly and independently influence banks’ performance. It was also established that organizational culture has a direct and positive association with innovation. It was concluded that organizational culture and innovation are major strategies for the banking sector to wax stronger minds global competitive environment and COVID-19 syndrome.  Therefore, Nigerian banks encourage their staff members to create innovative ideas and provide them the right reward to establish an innovative culture in the organization. This study practically provides a useful recommendation to the Nigerian banks on the significance of organizational culture and innovation and their contribution to performance.
Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Solutions by an Efficient Nanosized NiO Fabricated by a Facile Sol-Gel Autocombustion
Authors: El-Feky Hesham H. , Nassar Reham N. , Amin Alaa S. , Nassar Mostafa Y.
Published: September 2021

Nickel oxide nanostructures were synthesized via a sol-gel combustion method using glucose, glycine and tartaric acid fuels. The effect of the fuel type on the formed nanostructures was studied. The as-prepared products were characterized by means of FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XRD, and FT-IR analyses. The results exhibited that the used fuels gave NiO products with different morphologies, and the glucose fuel produced pure NiO nanoparticles with the smallest crystallite size (ca. 8.2 nm). The adsorption properties of the NiO products for the removal of malachite green dye (MG) was examined. Using a batch method, various parameters affecting the adsorption properties were studied. The results revealed that NiO nanostructure generated from the glucose fuel had the highest adsorption capacity
Effect of Sowing Dates, Phosphorous and Potassium Fertilizer Rates on Phenological, Growth and Yield Aspects of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) in Hamelmalo Subzone, Eritrea
Authors: Kinfe Bahran , Rao G. Sethumadhava
Published: September 2021

The field experiment was conducted, in the fields of Hamelmalo Agricultural College, to evaluate the response of sowing-dates and PK (Phosphorous and Potassium) fertilizer levels on phenological aspects, yield and yield components of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L). The experiment was done through a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) where each treatment was replicated three times. The two factors were: sowing-dates which was composed of three sowing dates; namely, middle kiremti (end of July i.e., mid-summer), late kiremti (middle of August- late-summer) and early qewee (early September-early autumn) and P: K fertilizers which was composed of five rates (0kg/ha, 125 kg/ha (75:50), 150 kg/ha (90:60), 175 kg/ha (105:70) and 200 kg/ha (120:80). Results showed that, the highest significant mean values of leaf area (389.4cm2), leaf numbers (28.2) were recorded from middle kiremti sowing date coupled with 320kg/ha and 175kg/ha PK rates respectively. Besides this the highest significant values of both number of fruits (43.8) and total yield (15.26t/ha) were obtained from highest PK rate coupled with late kiremti and middle kiremti respectively.  The sole effects of the PK rates as well as the sowing dates were found to be significant on all the parameters mentioned above including individual fruit weight.  It is therefore the sowing during late kiremti coupled with application of 200kg/ha kg/ha was the best for getting the best economic returns.