bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gains from Offshoring? Evidence from U.S. Microdata
Authors: Monarch Ryan , Park Jooyoun , Sivadasan Jagadeesh
Published: August 2019

We construct a new linked data set with over one thousand offshoring events by matching Trade Adjustment Assistance program petition data to confidential data on U.S. firm operations. We exploit these data to assess how offshoring affects domestic firm-level aggregate employment, output, wages and productivity. Consistent with heterogenous firm models where offshoring involves a fixed cost, we find that the average offshoring firm is larger and more productive than the average non-offshorer. After initiating offshoring, firms experience large declines in employment (46.2 per cent), output (38.5 per cent) and capital (28.8 per cent) relative to their industry peers. We find no significant change in average wages or in total factor productivity measures for offshoring firms. These results are consistent across two separate difference-in-differences (DID) approaches, an instrumental variables approach, and a number of robustness checks. Thus, we find offshoring to be a strong substitute for domestic activity in this large sample of offshoring events.
How do Laffer Curves Differ Across Countries?
Authors: Trabandt Mathias , Uhlig Harald
Published: August 2019

We seek to understand how Laffer curves differ across countries in the US and the EU-14, thereby providing insights into fiscal limits for government spending and the service of sovereign debt. As an application, we analyze the consequences for the permanent sustainability of current debt levels, when interest rates are permanently increased e.g. due to default fears. We build on the analysis in Trabandt and Uhlig (2011) and extend it in several ways. To obtain a better fit to the data, we allow for monopolistic competition as well as partial taxation of pure profit income. We update the sample to 2010, thereby including recent increases in government spending and their fiscal consequences. We provide new tax rate data. We conduct an analysis for the pessimistic case that the recent fiscal shifts are permanent. We include a cross-country analysis on consumption taxes as well as a more detailed investigation of the inclusion of human capital considerations for labor taxation.
Türkiye'nin Coğrafi İşaret Niteliğindeki Jeolojik Değerleri
Authors: ŞAHİN Güven , BALCI AKOVA Süheyla
Published: August 2019

Son yılların
en fazla gündeme taşınan konularından biri olan “Coğrafi İşaret” uygulaması
zanaat ürünlerinden yemeklere, tarım ürünlerinden jeolojik değerlere değin pek
çok ürün grubunu kapsamaktadır. Söz konusu uygulama esasında belli ve de temel
özelliğini sınırlı bir coğrafi sahadan alan ürünlerin kalitesini koruyarak
ilerleyen yıllarda da aynı kalitede varlığını korumasını sağlamak amacıyla
geliştirilmiş, Fransa çıkışlı bir uygulamadır. Söz konusu uygulamayla ülkelerin
birer alamet-i farikası olan ürünler için hem sürdürebilirlik temelli bir
üretim politikası benimsenmekte hem de ürünlerde zamanla meydana gelebilecek
dejenerasyonun önüne geçilmek hedeflenmektedir. Bir kısım jeolojik değerler de
bu kapsamda koruma altına alınarak ilerleyen süreçte taklit ürünlerle ulusal ve
uluslararası pazarlarda yaşanabilecek haksız rekabetin önüne geçilmeye
çalışılmaktadır. Burada jeolojik değerlerle dikkat çeken husus coğrafi işaret
kapsamında orta ve uzun vadede sürdürülebilirliği mümkün olamayacak tek ürün
grubu olmasıdır. Nitekim bahis konusu bu doğal kaynaklar, aynı zamanda
tükenebilir kaynaklardır. Türkiye’de de coğrafi işaret konusuna yoğun bir
şekilde eğilinmesiyle jeolojik değerler de hızla bu kapsamda koruma altına
alınmaya başlamıştır. 2019 itibariyle Türkiye’nin toplam 9 jeolojik değeri
coğrafi işaret kapsamına alınmıştır. Öte yandan Türkiye’nin bu anlamda
potansiyelinin çok yüksek bir ülke olduğunun da belirtilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu
çalışmada Türkiye’de coğrafi işaret kapsamına alınabilecek doğal taşlar, mineraller
ve taş işlemeciliği ürünlerinden toplam 23 değer ele alınmıştır.
KADINLARIN REKREASYONEL FAALİYETLERE KATILIMINDA MOTİVASYON VE ENGELLERİ İLE İLGİLİ DURUM TESPİTİ; MANİSA İLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GÜRSEL Nimet , GÜZEL Pınar , YILDIZ Kadir
Published: August 2019

Bireyler,
kendi kendini gerçekleştirme, kişisel ilişkileri, sosyal bütünleşmeyi ve yaşam
kalitesini artırma gibi serbest zaman fırsatlarını kullanabilirler. Kadınların
meslek durumu,  kadınların aylık gelir
seviyeleri, ailenin spora katılımı, spor tesislerinin durumu, yaşanılan sosyal
çevrenin uygun olması, yakın çevrenin ve arkadaş gruplarının etkisi, televizyon
etkisi, zaman olgusu ve bu konudaki ilgi ve istekleri fiziksel aktiviteye
katılımlarını etkileyen nedenlerden en önemlileri arasındadır.
Kadınların
rekreasyonel faaliyetlere katılımında motivasyon ve engelleri belirlemeyi
amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, olgu ve olayları nesnelleştirerek
gözlemlenebilir, ölçülebilir ve sayısal olarak ifade edilebilir bir şekilde
ortaya koyan bir araştırma türü olan Nicel Araştırma Yöntemlerinden, Genel
Tarama Modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu Manisa Merkez ilçesinde yaşayan
20-55 yaş ortalaması 36,26 olan 350 kadından oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı
olarak Serbest Zaman Motivasyon Ölçeği (SZMÖ) ve Serbest Zaman Engelleri Ölçeği
(SZEÖ) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Yüzde, Frekans, ANOVA, Tukey Testi ve Korelasyon
analizi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; kadınların meslek gruplarına bakıldığında 178 (%50,8)’sinin
çalışan, 142 (%40,6)’sının ev hanımı ve 30 (%8,6)’sının emekli olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Birey psikolojisi ve motivasyonsuzluk alt boyutu arasında orta
düzeyde ve pozitif yönde ilişki tespit edilmiştir(r=,402; p<,01).
Katılımcıların dışsal düzenleyen alt boyutunda spor yapmak ve sinema-tiyatroya
gitmek alt boyutu arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir, F(4,
345)=9,67 SZEÖ Tesis alt boyutunda istatistiksel yönden anlamlı bir fark
bulunmamıştır. Bu bağlamda kadınların ilgi ve bilgilerinin arttırılması yönünde
çalışmalar yapılarak rekreasyonel faaliyetlerin yaygınlaştırılması
önerilebilir.
Citizen Journalism and Public Participation in the Era of New Media in Indonesia: From Street to Tweet
Authors: Syahputra Iswandi , Ritonga Rajab
Published: August 2019

Citizen journalism was initially practiced via mass media. This is because citizens trusted mass media as an independent information channel, and social media like Twitter was unavailable. Following mass media’s affiliation to political parties and the rise of social media, citizens began using Twitter for delivering news or information. We dub this as citizen journalism from street to tweet. This study found that such process indicates the waning of mass media and the intensification of social media. Yet, the process neither strengthened citizen journalism nor increased public participation as it resulted in netizens experiencing severe polarization between groups critical and in support of the government instead. We consider this as a new emerging phenomenon caused by the advent of new media in the post-truth era. In this context, post-truth refers to social and political conditions wherein citizens no longer respect the truth due to political polarization, fake-news-producing journalist, hate-mongering citizen journalism, and unregulated social media activities. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with four informants. While conversation data of netizens on Twitter were acquired from a Twitter conversation reader operated by DEA (Drone Emprit Academic), a big data system capable of capturing and analyzing netizen’s conversations, particularly on Twitter in real time. This study may have implications on the shift of citizen journalism due to its presence in the era of new media. The most salient feature in this new period is the obscurity of news, information, and opinions conveyed by citizens via social media, like Twitter.
TÜRKİYE’DE UYARLANABİLİR ÖĞRENME YAKLAŞIMI KAPSAMINDA YAPILAN TEZLER ÜZERİNE BİR İÇERİK ANALİZİ
Authors: GÜLTEKİN Mehmet , BURAK Durmuş
Published: August 2019

Uyarlanabilir öğrenme temelde öğrenen özelliklerine uygun öğrenme ortamı sağlayan bir yaklaşımdır. Son yıllarda özellikle teknolojinin de sağlamış olduğu kolaylıklar ile uyarlanabilir öğrenme yaklaşımı konusunda dünyada ve Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalar oldukça önemli bir alanyazın oluşturmuştur. Bu kapsamda uyarlanabilir öğrenme konusunda alanyazının incelendiği çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ancak ilgili alanyazında yeni çalışmalar yapılmakta ve bu çalışmalar gelecek çalışmalara alt yapı oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle ilgili alanyazını inceleyen çalışmaların güncellenmesi alana ve gelecek çalışmalara önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2012-2018 yılları arasında Türkiye’de uyarlanabilir öğrenme yaklaşımı kapsamında yapılan tezlerin metodolojik olarak incelenmesi ve uyarlanabilir öğrenme ortamı tasarımı sürecinde kullanılan model ve tekniklerin belirlenmesidir. Bu sebeple çalışmada betimsel içerik analizi yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Yükseköğretim Kurumu ulusal veritabanında taranan 17 tez, çalışmanın veri kaynaklarını oluşturmuştur. Tezlerden elde edilen veriler içerik analizi tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre 2012-2018 yılları arasında Türkiye’de uyarlanabilir öğrenme yaklaşımı kapsamında yapılan tezlerin çoğunun, uyarlanabilir öğrenme ortamı kullanılarak yapılan öğretimin bazı değişkenler üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla hazırlandığı belirlenmiştir. Tezlerin yöntem bulgularına göre çalışmaların çoğunlukla nicel desenlerde ve deneysel modelde gerçekleştirildiği, örneklemlerinin yükseköğretim düzeyinde ve öğrencilerden oluşturulduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca uyarlanabilir öğrenme ortamı tasarımı sürecinde öğrenen modellemesinin kurallı modelleme tekniğine göre yapıldığı, modellemede öğrenenlerin ön bilgi düzeylerinin bireysel farklılık olarak ölçüt alındığı ve öğrenme ortamının uzaktan öğrenme süreçlerine göre tasarlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu bulgulara göre ilkokul, ortaokul ve ortaöğretim düzeyinde yeterli çalışmanın bulunmadığı, süreç odaklı karma ve nitel çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu, öğrenen modellemelerinde kullanılabilecek güncel ölçme araçlarının sınırlı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda uyarlanabilir öğrenme yaklaşımı kapsamında karma ve nitel araştırmaların tasarlanması ve ilkokul, ortaokul ve ortaöğretim düzeyinde çalışmaların yapılması, öğrenen modellemede birden fazla özelliği tanımlayan değişkenlerin kullanılması, içerik ve gezinme uyarlamalarının yanı sıra oyun uyarlamalarının da kullanılması önerilmektedir.
E-ÖĞRENME OYUNLARINDA ALGILANAN HAZ VE BİLGİ GELİŞİMİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: EGAMEFLOW ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇE’YE UYARLANMASI
Authors: YANIK Akan , BATU Mikail
Published: August 2019

E-öğrenme oyunlarındaki temel anlayış, doğru bir akış tasarımıyla
öğrencinin hem katılımını hem de öğrenme hedeflerine ulaşmasını sağlamaktır. Bu
noktada e-öğrenme oyunlarının yarattığı akışı ve bilgi gelişimini etkin şekilde
ölçen bir ölçeğin varlığı oldukça önemlidir. Böylece oyun tasarımcıları öğrenci
bakış açısı ile bilgi gelişimi faktörlerini daha fazla bütünleştirebilirken
eğitimciler ise oyunun eğitimsel başarısını test edebilir. Fakat e-öğrenme
oyunları için kullanılan ölçekler genellikle ticari oyunlar temelinde
geliştirildiği için eğitim odaklı hazırlanan oyunlardaki haz ve bilgi gelişimini
tam olarak açıklayamamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, e-öğrenme oyunlarında
öğrencilerin algıladıkları haz ve bilgi gelişimi kalitesine cevap veren
EGameFlow Ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlamasını yapmak, geçerlik ve güvenirliliğini
test etmektir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği için Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi ve
Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi, uyum geçerliğinde ise Başarı Yönelimleri Ölçeği ile
korelasyonu hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliği ise iç tutarlılık, test
yarılama ve test tekrar test ile belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği öncesi
veri setinin faktör analizine uygun olup olmadığı denetlenmiştir. Yapılan
Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi sonucunda toplam 21 madde ölçekten çıkarılmış olup
tüm maddeler iki faktör altında toplanmıştır. Ortaya çıkan yeni iki faktörlü
yapı toplam varyansın %48.72’sini açıklamıştır. Ayrıca Doğrulayıcı Faktör
Analizi sonucu elde edilen iki faktörlü modele ilişkin faktör yükleri, standart
hata, kritik oran, hata varyansı ve R2 değerleri tüm maddeler için anlamlı
görülmektedir. Ölçeğin uyum geçerliğinin test edilmesi için Başarı Yönelimleri
Ölçeği ile arasında korelasyon kurulmuştur. Araştırma bulgularına göre,
e-öğrenme oyunlarında algılanan akış hazzının ve bilgi gelişiminin
ölçümlenmesinde ölçek yeterli bir araçtır.
Los nombres de flores y plantas en el diccionario de Cuveiro
Authors: González Orejón Carmen
Published: August 2019

Los nombres de flores y plantas en el diccionario de Cuveiro.
Günther Haensch, dir.: Diccionario Alemán, Alemán-Español / Español-Alemán, Barcelona, Editorial Herder, 1999, 744 pp., ISBN 84-254-2101-2
Authors: González Orejón María del Carmen
Published: August 2019

Reseña: Günther Haensch, dir.: Diccionario Alemán, Alemán-Español / Español-Alemán, Barcelona, Editorial Herder, 1999, 744 pp., ISBN 84-254-2101-2.
“El papá de mi hijo es la calle”: conciliando el trabajo productivo y reproductivo en las calles de Bogotá
Authors: Porras-Santanilla Laura , Rodríguez-Morales Andrés
Published: August 2019

This paper aims at studying how female street vendors who live in Bogotá with children between the ages of 0 and 5 years reconcile work and family responsibilities, and argues that law does not take into account their needs when creating legal mechanisms aimed at reconciling the tension between family and work, or when designing the rules that apply to public child care services in Bogotá. More specifically, we argue that the universe of possibilities that female street vendors have to reconcile paid and unpaid care work is particularly limited; that within those possibilities women prefer to leave their children in the care of their closest family members, or pay for “private” child care services; and that none of the women interviewed chose as their first option public child care services nor used the mechanisms that labor law provides to reconcile family and work, either because they are not applicable or they do not take into account their real needs.
Trayectorias de mujeres en el hip-hop: reproducción de la vida en itinerarios de trabajo artístico
Authors: Ramírez-Suárez Yenny Carolina , Pinzón-Díaz Fabian Esteban
Published: August 2019

The reality of the right to work of popular artists challenges the traditional frameworks of labor law. Based on life stories as a source of knowledge, we review the work itineraries of two hip-hop popular artists. We present the complexity of their trajectories and the different relationships they build in different social circles. In these spaces, we find different forms of accumulation of capital and knowledge and the development of collective strategies for the reproduction of life that respond to social protection necessities. In the light of these women experiences, the article discusses the precarious working conditions offered to artists through entrepreneurial initiatives promoted by the State and international cooperation. Finally, we propose to expand labor law frameworks departing from an understanding of work that prioritizes the processes of life reproduction through material support, subjective realization, and participation possibilities in collective initiatives for social transformation.
Transporte, capital temporal y género
Authors: Amaya-Castro Juan M. , Palacio-Rodríguez Daniela
Published: August 2019

This text analyzes the ways in which a group of female workers in the city of Bogotá configure a set of specific spatio-temporal dynamics, giving their experience of public transportation. The basis for these dynamics lies on the conception of time as a value, as an essential investment that shapes the rest of the aspects related to the lives of these women. Time, then, revolves around two centers of gravity: work – in its various forms –and transportation. These centers of gravity are nodes in the organization of their daily lives. However, commuting undertakes this role because of its own indeterminacy. It is neither a spatio-temporal context that is part of work, even if it is necessary for this purpose, nor it is ‘leisure-time’. This indeterminacy leads us to the question of what role does labor law play in these dynamics; if it is not working time, nor leisure-time, then… whose time is it?
"A mí me gustaría, pero en mis condiciones no puedo": maternidad, discriminación y exclusión en el mercado laboral colombiano
Authors: Ramírez-Bustamante Natalia
Published: August 2019

The article proposes a critical reading of the design of maternity protection focused on the protection of working mothers and shows evidence of its adverse effect due to the ineffectiveness of the anti-discrimination norms in employment hiring procedures. Secondly, and resorting to field work with workers and employers in the garment manufacturing sector in Colombia, it provides evidence of the anti-maternal and anti-caring practices that characterize some sectors of formal work in the country and that end up excluding women workers who are mothers or who have care responsibilities.
Enfermedad coronaria asintomática en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Urrego Díaz José Augusto , Obando León Claudia Yadira , Vivero Mogollón María Claudia
Published: August 2019

Introducción: la enfermedad coronaria es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial; se sabe que la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es un factor de riesgo importante para esta patología y que puede producir una forma asintomática o con manifestaciones atípicas.

Objetivos: exponer los principales datos epidemiológicos, pronósticos y determinantes de la enfermedad coronaria asintomática en DM2 y discutir las formas de tamización y su utilidad en diabéticos asintomáticos.

Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, LILACS y SciELO usando las palabras clave “Diabetes Mellitus, type 2”, “Coronary disease”, “Coronary Artery Disease”, “Coronary Vessels”, “Atherosclerosis”, “Arteriosclerosis”, “Asymptomatic Diseases”, “Asymptomatic”, “Silent” y “Myocardcial infarction”, ajustando la búsqueda según las necesidades de cada base de datos. Se incluyeron artículos que cumplieran los criterios de inclusión y no los de exclusión, a consideración de los autores, así como algunas referencias adicionales.

Resultados: se revisó el título y resumen de 504 artículos encontrados en las bases de datos, tras lo cual se escogieron 81 para su lectura total. De ellos, 56 fueron incluidos, así como 48 publicaciones adicionales conocidas por los autores o referenciados en las artículos leídos, lo que dio un total de 104 artículos incluidos en la revisión final.

Conclusiones: los pacientes con DM2 presentan altas prevalencias de enfermedad coronaria asintomática que aumentan en presencia de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular o de mayor duración o progresión de la DM2. Si bien existen varios métodos anatómicos o funcionales para su detección, la tamización de esta población no ha mostrado beneficio alguno, por lo que no puede recomendarse de rutina en asintomáticos.
22-23 Eylül 2015 Bodrum Sel Felaketi
Authors: BENLİ Kader , ÖZÇELİK Ceyhun
Published: August 2019

Taşkınlar kentsel ve kırsal alanlarda önemli zararlara yol açmaktadır. Ülkemiz turizmi açısından büyük bir öneme sahip Bodrum ilçesi de taşkınların bu olumsuz etkilerinden nasibini almaktadır. Yoğun kentsel yapılaşma nedeniyle geçirimsizleşen kentsel doku çarpık kentleşmenin de etkisiyle özellikle kısa süreli sağanaklarda kent hayatını yaşanılmaz hale getiren, ülkemiz turizmine de zarar veren taşkınlara sebep olmaktadır. Yetersiz kentsel alt yapının taşkın yüklerini taşıyabilmesi için gereken mühendislik çalışmaları; kentleşmenin yoğun ve çarpık olması, kamulaştırma maliyetlerinin yüksek olması, görev tanımlarındaki belirsizlikler vb. sebeplerden dolayı gecikmektedir. Özellikle 22-23 Eylül 2015 taşkını, Bodrum şehir merkezini büyük ölçüde etkilemiştir. Bu afet sonucunda; Muğla Valiliğince 266 işyeri, 184 konut,197 araç, 24 motosikletin zarar gördüğü açıklanmıştır. Bununla birlikte şehir içi yollar kapanmış, drenaj hatları zarar görmüş ve turizm sekteye uğramıştır. 22-23 Eylül 2015 taşkını, meydana geldiği alt havzalar ölçeğinde incelenmiştir. Yerinde gözlemler yapılarak taşkın sebep, oluşum ve sonuçları araştırılmıştır. Her bir alt havza için; üst, orta ve alt havza drenaj sistemleri ve bu sistemler üzerindeki yapısal ve yapısal olmayan unsurlar özellikle taşkın oluşturacak sebepler bakımından değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Yağış kayıtları kullanılarak, SCS (Soil Conservation Service) modeli aracılığıyla yüzeysel akış tahminleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Boyutsuz hidrograflar yardımıyla taşkın hidrografları elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar kullanılarak 22-23 Eylül 2015 taşkını hakkında değerlendirmelere yer verilmiş ve çözüm önerilerinde bulunmuştur.
Investigation of Iron uptake and virulence gene factors (fur, tonB, exbD, exbB, hgbA, hgbB1, hgbB2 and tbpA) among isolates of Pasteurella multocida from Iran
Authors: Feizabadi Farahani Motahare , Esmaelizad Majid , Jabbari Ahmad Reza
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Iron is an essential compound in metabolic pathway of wide range of organisms. Because of limited free iron supply in mammalian and avian hosts, bacteria have applied various ways to acquire iron.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the frequency of 8 iron acquisition factors was examined among 63 avian and ovine
Pasteurella multocida field isolates and their vaccine strains using PCR method.
Results: Five candidate genes (fur, tonB, exbD, exbB and hgbA) were identified among all isolates. For the first time, 2 loci (hgbB1 and hgbB2) of the hgbB gene were identified, which were previously reported as 1 gene. Also, it was found that 5 ovine and 1 avian isolates possessed all the virulence factors, which could also be considered for evaluating the frequency of other virulence factors.
Conclusion: More studies need to be conducted on the frequency of all other virulence factors among these isolates, which can provide basic information for improvement or substitution of current vaccinal strains. Overall, as the new designed sets of primers showed more potential in detecting the corresponded genes, researchers can consider them in further studies.
Comparison of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM as diagnostic markers of H. pylori infection in children
Authors: Darma Andy , Tri Nugroho Bagus Samsu , Yoanna Vinny , Sulistyani Indah , Fardah Athiyyah Alpha , Gunadi Ranuh Reza , Marto Sudarmo Subijanto
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Various non-invasive diagnostic tests are available for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of HpSA, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM to those of endoscopic-biopsy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed among pediatric patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospi- tal (Surabaya, Indonesia). Fecal, blood, and saliva samples were collected from all subjects. The results of the HpSA, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM tests were compared to the results of endoscopic-biopsy as the gold standard.
Results: Of the 37 study participants, H. pylori infection was confirmed in 5 (13.33%) with serum IgG, 23 (63.33%) with serum IgM, 15 (40%) with HpSA, and 26 (70.97%) with salivary IgG. The salivary IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was the only diagnostic test with significantly different results, as compared to biopsy (p = 0.017).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that HpSA, salivary IgG, and serum IgG and IgM were not sufficient to replace
endoscopic-biopsy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic-resistant in Escherichia coli isolates from patients with diarrhea
Authors: Bonyadian Mojtaba , Barati Sara , Mahzounieh Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Escherichia coli is a common enteric pathogen of human and livevestock. Antibiotic resis- tance is the main concern of public health. The aim of this study was to detect this bacterium in stool samples of diarrheal patients and identify the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of antibiotic-resistant isolates such as dfrA1, sul1, citm, tetA, qnr, aac(3)-IV in Shahrekord.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred fifty diarrheal stool samples from patients were collected. Microbiological and biochemical examinations were done to detect E. coli. Phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance of the isolates were determined using dick diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively.
Results: Among 114 E. coli isolates, the least resistance was for gentamicin (0%) and the most resistance was for trimetho- prim (79.8%). The resistance to sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and tetracycline were 71.05%, 10.5%, 52.63%, and 3.5% respectively. The results of PCR assay revealed that 10 isolates contain sul1, 49 isolates harbor citm, 8 isolates tetA,
36 isolates dfrA1, 11 isolates qnr genes but there was no isolate with aac(3)-IV gene. In comparison between phenotypic and genotypic of the isolates revealed that citm, tetA, dfrA1, qnr, sul1, aac(3)-IV genes covered 42.98%, 7.01%, 31.57%, 9.64%,
8.7%, 0% of the antibiotic resistance, respectively.
Conclusion: Our results revealed that all isolates harbor one or more antibiotic resistance genes and that the PCR is a fast practical and appropriate method to determine the presence of antibiotic resistance genes.
Detection of VIM-1, VIM-2 and IMP-1 metallo- β-lactamase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, west of Iran
Authors: Bahmani Nasrin
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of serious nosocomial infections among Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this study was evaluating the prevalence of VIM-1, VIM-2, and IMP-1 metallo-β-lact- amase genes in clinical specimens at two teaching hospitals in Sanandaj, Kurdistan west of Iran.
Materials and Methods: Four hundred different clinical specimens were collected from hospitalized patients or referred to hospitals from May 2013 to March 2014 in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. MBLs – producing K. pneumoniae detected by Double Disk Synergy Test. The MBL positive isolates were examined for the presence of VIM-1, VIM-2 and IMP-1 genes using PCR technique.
Results: Of four hundred clinical specimens, 114 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified. Twenty-eight (24.6%) isolates were resistant to imipenem and 15 strains (53.6%) were positive for MBL enzymes production. PCR results showed VIM-1 and IMP-1 genes frequencies are 4 (26.7%) and 1 (6.7%). Only one strain of K. pneumoniae was found to be MBL producer among the outpatients.
Conclusion: The study results exhibited a high level of resistance to most of the antibiotics tested and high prevalence of
MBLs producing in K. pneumoniae at two hospitals. Thus, the infection control methods and the implementation of antibiotic agents should be taken into account.
Development of an immunoblotting assay for serodiagnosis of Burkholderia mallei infection: the whole-cell proteome-based paradigm
Authors: Yazdansetad Sajjad , Mosavari Nader , Mosavari Nader , Tadayon Keyvan , Mehregan Iraj
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Burkholderia mallei is the leading cause of glanders, a highly transmittable and an OIE-no- tifiable disease of equidae. Despite the importance of B. mallei, little is known about serodiagnosis of glanders. The present study aimed to develop an immunoblotting assay based on whole-cell proteome of B. mallei to enable accurate serodiagnosis of glanders.
Materials and Methods: Three farm horses were subcutaneously immunized with a crude suspension (106   cfu/ml) of heat-inactivated B. mallei formulated with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) to achieve a hyperimmune sera panel. The immunization was done for 1, 14 and 28 days with 1 dose of 1 ml antigen containing 106 cfu/ml. The hyperimmunity of sera was confirmed by CFT. B. mallei whole-cell proteome was prepared through sonication and the protein content was visu- alized by SDS-PAGE and quantified by Western blot using HRP-conjugated rabbit anti-horse IgG. A comprehensive set of positive and negative horse sera validated the test.
Results: A ladder pattern of the B. mallei immunoreactive antigens was seen within the region of 20-90 kDa clearly and the immunoblot was scored positive, while no reaction was seen for the negative sera. The Western blot assay indicated a noticeably higher diagnostic specificity for positive or negative sera of glanders.
Conclusion: The whole-cell proteome-based immunoblot proved reliable and straightforward in our study. The prepared an- tigen was adaptable for application in immunoblotting. We assumed this improved immunoblotting system provides appro- priate sensitivity and also specificity expected in serodiagnosis of glanders in endemic areas and typically in less-developed countries.
The antimicrobial effects of zinc oxide-calcium hydroxide mixture fillers: determining the ideal mixture ratio
Authors: Nozari Ali , Karimkhani Ali , Motamedifar Mohammad , Arasteh Payam
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Although zinc oxide (ZO)-calcium hydroxide (CaOH) mixtures have been successful regard- ing their absorption rate compatibility with dissolving primary teeth, no study has been conducted on the appropriate mixture ratio to obtain effective antibacterial properties. In this study, we compared antibacterial activity of CaOH-ZO pastes using different mixture ratios sagainst Enterococcus faecalis as an important bacterium in root canal treatment failure.
Materials and Methods: Seven types of pastes were prepared in our laboratory. The first group included one gram of ZO+eu- genol, second group included one gram of CaOH+distilled water, third group included 0.5gram ZO+0.5gram CaOH+distilled water (1:1), forth group included 0.75gramCaOH+0.25gramZO+distilled water (3:1), the fifth group included 0.33gram of CaOH+0.66gram of ZO+distilled water (1:2), the sixth group included 0.75gram of ZO+0.25 CaOH+distilled water (3:1), the seventh group included 0.66 gram CaOH+0.33 gram ZO+distilled water (2:1), and the final group included one gram of gelatin+distilled water (as the control group). These pastes were compared regarding their antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis using agar diffusion and microdilution methods.
Results: Except for the control group, all prepared pastes showed antibacterial properties. Order of minimum inhibitory concentration for pastes were as followed: CaOH-ZO (1:3)=CaOH-ZO (1:2)>CaOH-ZO (1:1)>CaOH-ZO (3:1)=CaOH-ZO (2:1)>CaOH=ZO-eugenol. Order of minimum bactericidal concentration, which shows a weaker bactericidal effect, accord- ing to type of paste, were as followed: CaOH-ZO (1:3)>CaOH-ZO mixture (1:2)>CaOH-ZO mixture (1:1)>CaOH-ZO mix- ture (3:1)=CaOH-ZO (2:1)>CaOH=ZO-eugenol. Only CaOH-ZO (1:3) and CaOH-ZO (1:2), showed significantly weaker MICs and MBCs (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the limitations of an in-vitro study, in terms of anti-bacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis, CaOH-ZO mixture (2:1) is equivalent to ZO-eugenol as the most commonly used material in polypectomy of primary teeth.
The effects of supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans spores on the intestinal microflora and growth performance in rat
Authors: Mazkour Somaye , Shekarforoush Seyed Shahram , Basiri Sara
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: The intestinal microflora has an important role in the health status. Since probiotics can bal- ance the intestinal microflora, they have a lot of health beneficial effects. So the appropriate selection of probiotics can cause health-promoting effects. In this study, the combined effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans on the intestinal microflora and growth performance in rats were investigated.
Materials and Methods: 80 male rats were divided into the treatment (receiving 5×107  spores/ml of B. subtilis and 5×107 spores/ml of B. coagulans for three weeks in daily water) and control (tap water without probiotics) groups. The total aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), coliforms and spores were weekly counted in the fecal samples. Additionally, the water and feed consumption, the weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were calculated for each week.
Results: The probiotics significantly increased the total aerobic, LAB and spore counts and caused significant reduction in the anaerobe and coliform counts. Following three weeks of probiotic administration, the number of anaerobic bacteria, and coliforms were reduced by up to 0.7 and 1.18 log and the number of aerobic bacteria, LAB and spores were increased by
1.29, 1.15 and 7.2 log respectively. Also, the results showed the feed consumption reduction, weight gain and FCR enhance-
ment in the probiotic group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Supplementation the spores of B. subtilis and B. coagulans improved the growth performance and was benefi- cial to the intestinal microbiota in rats.
Perspectives of Hinduism and Zoroastrianism on abortion: a comparative study between two pro-life ancient sisters
Authors: Aramesh Kiarash
Published: August 2019

Hinduism and Zoroastrianism have strong historical bonds and share similar value-systems. As an instance, both of these religions are pro-life. Abortion has been explicitly mentioned in Zoroastrian Holy Scriptures including Avesta, Shayast-Nashayast and Arda Viraf Nameh. According to Zoroastrian moral teachings, abortion is evil for two reasons: killing an innocent and intrinsically good person, and the contamination caused by the dead body (Nashu). In Hinduism, the key concepts involving moral deliberations on abortion are Ahimsa, Karma and reincarnation. Accordingly, abortion deliberately disrupts the process of reincarnation, and killing an innocent human being is not only in contrast with the concept of Ahimsa, but also places a serious karmic burden on its agent. The most noteworthy similarity between Zoroastrianism and Hinduism is their pro-life approach. The concept of Asha in Zoroastrianism is like the concept of Dharma in Hinduism, referring to a superior law of the universe and the bright path of life for the believers. In terms of differences, Zoroastrianism is a religion boasting a God, a prophet, and a Holy book, while Hinduism lacks all these features. Instead of reincarnation and rebirth, Zoroastrianism, like Abrahamic religions, believes in the afterlife. Also, in contrast with the concept of Karma, in Zoroastrianism,  Ahura Mazda can either punish or forgive sins.
Peran Tarekat Sammaniyah Dalam Perang Menteng Melawan Kolonial Belanda Di Palembang
Authors: Jannah Raudatun
Published: August 2019

The background was the involvement of the Sammaniyah order in the Menteng war in 1816, indicating the political role played by the Sammaniyah order. Theologically the tarekat is a group that tries to distance itself from world affairs, while the Sammaniyah order participates in the political arena of the Palembang Sultanate. In writing this study using the method of historical research with the stages. This study is a library research (library research) using descriptive analysis. From the results of the analysis it is known that the Sammaniyah congregation at the level of society in the Sultanate of Palembang is a group of religious elites, who are capable of fostering, guiding their followers towards the path of Allah. . The Sammaniyah Order brought by Shaykh Abdul Shamad al-Palembani had a major influence and an important role in the efforts of politics against the Dutch colonialism with the teachings of jihad fi sabilillah. The role of a central figure in this case is Haji Zain who has charisma so easily invites his followers to fight colonialism. Not only as a religious leader in the Sammaniyah order, Haji Zain in the Menteng war had a role as warlord.
Al-Qur’an dan Psikologi
Authors: Afandi Muslim
Published: August 2019

Viewed from various aspects, al-Qur'an has long talked about psychology before the West exposed this concept. Even when by definition the concept of psychology is still "shifting in search" of the true form of meaning, Al-Qur'an explicitly explains the psychological concepts related to everything that concerns of human both from physical and psychic reviews. Al-Quran reviews about the human physical includes insan, ins, nas or unas, basyar, and bani adam or zurriyat adam. While the review of the soul/psychic is broader that start from an-nafs, ar-ruh and al-jism with all sorts of diversity of meaning and intent.

Ditinjau dari berbagai aspek, al-Quran telah lama membicarakan  psikologi sebelum dunia  Barat  memaparkan konsep ini. Bahkan ketika secara definisi konsep psikologi masih “bergeser mencari” bentuk arti yang sesungghuhnya, al-Quran telah secara gamblang menjelaskan konsep-konsep psikologis berkaitan dengan segala sesuatu yang menyangkut manusia  baik dari tinjauan fisik maupun psikis. Tinjau al-Quran tentang fisik  manusia mencakup insan, ins, nas atau unas, basyar, dan  bani adam atau zurriyat adam. Sementara tinjauan tentang jiwa/psikis lebih luas yang dimulai dari an-nafs, ar-ruh dan al-jism dengan segala macam keberagaman arti dan maksudnya.
Implikasi Psikologis Bagi Penghafal Al-Qur’an
Authors: Masduki Yusron
Published: August 2019

The wisdom of memorizing the Koran will be won, whoever recites the Qur'an, learns, and practices, is applied to his parents' crown of light on the Day of Resurrection. The light is like sunlight and both parents are dressed in two glorious robes that were never found in the world. The virtue of memorizing the Qur'an: first, the Qur'an as a giver of intercession for the reader, understanding and practicing; secondly, the memorizers of the Qur'an have been promised by Allah SWT, thirdly, the Qur'an becomes Hujjah / defender for the reader and as a guardian of the torrent of hell fire. The special Qur'an reader memorizing the Qur'an quality and quantity of higher reading, will be with the angel always protect and invite to the good. As for psychological implications for the first Qur'an memorizers, as a drug distracted, anxious and anxious; secondly, memorizing the Qur'an to gain peace of mind, intelligence and boost learning achievement; third, the memorization of the Qur'an can reduce juvenile delinquency and tawuran; the memorization of the Qur'an will be highly rewarded by Allah and His Messenger; memorizing the Qur'an as a cure for anyone who reads and memorizes.

 

Hikmahnya hafal al-Quran akan diperoleh kemenangan, barang siapa membaca al-Qur’an, mempelajari, dan mengamalkan, dipakaikan kepada orang tuanya mahkota dari cahaya pada hari kiamat. Cahayanya seperti cahaya matahari dan kedua orang tuanya dipakaikan dua jubah kemuliaan yang tidak pernah didapatkan di dunia. Keutamaan menghafal al-Qur’an: pertama, al-Qur’an sebagai pemberi syafa’at pada bagi pembaca, memahami dan mengamalkan; kedua, penghafal al-Qur’an telah dijanjikan derajatnya oleh Allah SWT, ketiga, al-Qur’an menjadi Hujjah/pembela bagi pembaca dan sebagai pelindung dari adzab api neraka.  Pembaca al-Qur’an khusus penghafal al-Qur’an kualitas dan kuantitas bacaan lebih tinggi, akan bersama malaikat selalu melindungi dan mengajak kepada kebaikan. Adapun implikasi secara psikologi bagi penghafal al-Qur’an pertama, sebagai obat galau, cemas dan cemas; kedua, menghafal al-Qur’an untuk memperoleh ketenangan jiwa, kecerdasan dan mendongkrak prestasi belajar; ketiga, penghafal al-Qur’an dapat meredam kenakalan remaja dan tawuran; penghafal al-Qur’an akan mendapat penghargaan yang tinggi di sisi Allah dan Rasul-Nya; menghafal al-Qur’an sebagai obat bagi siapa saja yang membaca dan menghafalkan.
Manajemen Pengembangan Program Studi (Prodi) Studi Islam Program Pascasarjana (Pps) Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Rafen Fatah Palembang
Authors: Zainuri Ahmad
Published: August 2019

This study examines the management of the development of the Postgraduate Program in Islamic Studies at UIN Raden Fatah Palembang Program which includes planning, implementation, and evaluation of accreditation as material in formulating a strategic plan (strategic plan), this study aims to describe the development management of the Master of Islamic Studies Program in PPs ) Raden Fatah State Islamic University (UIN) Palembang, both related to the planning of accreditation, implementation, and evaluation. Theoretically it is expected to be useful in adding intellectual property, especially the management study of the development of the Master of Islamic Studies Program at UIN Raden Fatah and other Islamic colleges. While practically, this research is expected to be useful and / or input for the development of a strategic plan for developing the Master of Islamic Studies Program at UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. This study is a field research with a descriptive approach, namely research that is limited to efforts to reveal a problem and the situation as it is, so that it is only a disclosure of facts by analyzing data.
Hikmah Tut Tasyri’ Ahli Waris Mualaf Setelah Pewaris Meninggal Dunia Mendapatkan Harta Warisan
Authors: Fitriyati Yusida
Published: August 2019

The causes of Islamic inheritance relationship are relationship nasab, marital relations, wala 'and the same religion relationship. Furthermore, the relationship causes a barrier of inheritance is for murder, different religions and slavery. From the above explanation if there are reasons the above relationship, it will cause a person entitled to be heirs and vice versa if there are causes obstructions inheritance, it will be blocked to inherit each other. If the heirs  is not Moeslem and during heirs lifetime, and then heir embrace Islam, Mualaf. after He or She died while the inheritance is not devided yet. In this case there is a opinion of Imam mashab, which is the opinion of Imam Ahmad who argue are not blocked and the right to become heir. Based on the purpose of this research was conducted to know hikmahtut tasyri, Mualaf after the heir dies become heir. The Type of This research is a library (library research) by reviewing the current literature sources as data sources, which are analyzed descriptively qualitative. From results of this research, we concluded that hikmah tut tasyri Expected increase the confidence and faith of Islam heirs Mualaf, so strengthening his or her Islam. This is in keeping with religion. Adding and strengthen kinship between the heir to the heir who had died because there are two relationships that the same religion relationship and incest. These conditions will maintain the benefit of ancestry, making tranquility of life and love among the heirs.
Composición florística y carbono en la vegetación arbórea de un área periurbana en Tabasco, México
Authors: Tobías-Baeza Aydee , Salvador Morales Pedro , Sánchez-Hernández Rufo , Ruiz-Acosta Silvia Del Carmen , Arrieta-Rivera Agrícola , Andrade-Prado Héctor
Published: August 2019

El objetivo fue determinar la composición florística, y la captura de carbono (C) en los parches de vegetación arbórea del área periurbana de Ocuiltzapotlan-Macultepec. Se evaluaron los subsistemas: frutales (FR), selva media sub- perennifolia (SM), árboles en potreros (AP) y una plantación forestal de Cedrella odorata (PF). En cada subsistema se establecieron parcelas de muestreo de 1000 m2 en las que se realizaron inventarios forestales para determinar las especies y se midieron los diámetros y alturas de los árboles. En el área de estudio se registraron 21 familias, 35 géneros y 38 especies, valores más bajo a los reportados para áreas naturales no perturbadas. Sin embargo, algunas especies poseen características de equidad y dasométricas, que les confieren una capacidad para almacenar de 38.99 a 84.82 Mg C ha−1, por esta razón, la captura de carbono es una de las principales funciones ambientales que ofrece esta área periurbana.
Oribátidos, colémbolos y hormigas como indicadores de perturbación del suelo en sistemas de producción agrícola
Authors: Cabrera Mireles Hector , Murillo Cuevas Félix David , Villanueva Jiménez Juan Antonio , Adame Grcía Jacel
Published: August 2019

Se comparó la abundancia, riqueza y diversidad de oribátidos, colémbolos y hormigas como indicadores de perturbación del suelo encontrados bajo sistemas de manejo mínimo (tradicional), manejo en transición y manejo tecnifi- cado del cultivo de mango, así como el sistema de manejo tecnificado de la caña de azúcar en la región Centro de Veracruz, México. En cada sistema de manejo se tomaron muestras de suelo y hojarasca, para colectar artrópodos mediante el método de embudos de Berlese-Tullgren. Los muestreos se realizaron en primavera, verano e invierno durante el 2017 y 2018. Las especies con mayor abundancia fueron los ácaros Ceratozetes sp., Archegozetes longisetosus, Scheloribates laticlava, Paropanolophus sp. y Pseudoparasitussp., los colémbolos Pseudosinella sp. y Seira sp., y las hormigas Solenop- sis conjurata, Solenopsis terricola, Pyramica brevicornis y Pachycondyla harpax. Los colémbolos y hormigas fueron más abundantes bajo el sistema de manejo mínimo seguido por manejo en transición, y por último en los sistemas de manejo tecnificado de mango y caña de azúcar. En cambio, los oribátidos fueron más abundantes en el sistema de manejo tecnificado del cultivo de mango. El sistema de manejo tecnificado con caña de azúcar con promedio de 12.3 individuos, 1.3 especies y 0.26 de diversidad fue significativamente inferior a los otros sistemas (abundancia, F3,112 = 7.2, p = 0.0001; riqueza, F3,112 = 13.3, p = 0.0001; diversidad, F3,112 = 13.2, p = 0.0001), los cuales no presentaron diferencias significativas entre sí (p > 0.05).
CONVIVENCIA FELINOS SILVESTRES-HUMANOS
Authors: Bravata de la Cruz Yaribeth
Published: August 2019

La disminución en las poblaciones de los felinos en especial del jaguar (Panthera onca) y el puma (Puma concolor) actualmente se debe a la presión de caza a la que se enfrentan por la depredación de ganado ovino, porcino y bovino, esta acción es llevada a cabo principalmente por los ganaderos quienes sufren estas pérdidas. Este conflicto aumenta en ocasiones debido a la disminución de presas naturales porque los ganaderos no tienen un buen control de sus animales (practicas pecuarias deficientes) siendo el ganado menor a un año de edad, la presa doméstica más vulnerable cuando pastorea sobre zonas boscosas. El implemento para desarrollar estrategias de manejo ganadero y llevarlas a cabo evita la depredación permitiendo la convivencia de felinos-humanos.
EVALUACIÓN DE LAS CONCENTRACIONES DE FORMALDEHÍDO POR LA APLICACIÓN DE AEROSOLES EN ESPACIOS INTERIORES
Authors: Vázquez Alamilla Erick Francisco , Ulloa Contreras Jesús Daniel , Ramos Hernández Jesús Javier , Limón Salas Lisa , Flores Córdova Selene Virginia , Rodríguez Metelin Ana Úrsula , García Baños Pablo , Bolaina García Anahí Guadalupe
Published: August 2019

En el presente trabajo se evaluaron las concentraciones de formaldehído por la aplicación de aerosoles en interiores utilizando como referencia de estudio la aplicación de dos aerosoles sanitizantes y uno aromatizante, con la finalidad de evaluar los efectos en la calidad del aire interior. Debido al comportamiento de las concentraciones de formaldehído se optó por un diseño experimental factorial sin réplica, considerando tres niveles: ventilación (ventilado y no ventilado), tiempo de aplicación (3, 5 y 10 seg) y tipo de aerosol. El diseño constó de 18 experimentos que fueron realizados en condiciones similares de volumen y ubicación. Se comprobó que los aerosoles aromatizantes no representan peligro con respecto al formaldehído ya que carecen de él. Sin embargo, las concentraciones de formaldehído en la mayoría de los experimentos con sanitizantes si alcanzaron valores que sobrepasan los límites de exposición recomendados por la organización de salud laboral (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health).