bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The yield of elite potato varieties for primary seed production using precision agriculture technologies in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Kakabayev Anuarbek , Suraganov Miras , Abdurahmanov Ilhom , Belgibayeva Anargul , Kakabayev Nurbol , Auzhanova Mariya , Sharipova Botagoz
Published: May 2023

The article presents the results of conducting primary seed production of virus-free original and zoned potato varieties in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The creation and introduction into the production of new virus-free highly productive potato varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits is a priority for the national economy of any state. Providing potato-growing farms with high-quality seeds of local varieties has been and remains an acute problem for the industry. The data on the yield and quality of tubers depending on the reproduction of potatoes are presented. So, when assessing the yield of virus-free potato varieties, a good indicator was observed in Dunyasha (12.7 t/ha), Zeren (9.2 t/ha), and Sante (6.4 t/ha). When harvesting from an area of 0.6 ha, 3.4 tons of super-elite potatoes were harvested with an average yield of 5.7 t/ha.
Microprocessor moisture measuring device of bulk materials based on the capacitance transformer with cylindrical electrodes
Authors: Nasirov T. , Jabborov Kh.
Published: May 2023

The construction of a moisture transformer device consisting of four electrodes that allow increasing accuracy of moisture measurements of grain and grain products up to 0.5% has been proposed. The proposed device in the laboratory conditions has been tested in comparison to other known transformer types. The carried-out analysis of the experimental results showed that in all used transformers we observe the disperse growing of grain degrees when rain moisture is increasing. The results obtained for moisture less than 11 % are similar practically to each other. When the moisture is growing this similarity is breaking.
Processing of GNSS data in Gamit/Globk: On the example of the reference stations of the Uzbekistan network
Authors: Rakhimberdieva Maftuna , Makhmudov Mirshod , Fazilova Dilbarkhon , Magdiev Khasan
Published: May 2023

The article presents the results of processing, a preliminary assessment of the quality of measurements, and the accuracy of the coordinates of the points of the reference network of Uzbekistan (MAGK, FARG, JARQ, and URGA). Observation data of GNSS points were processed using the GAMIT/GLOBK v.10.71 software package by applying standard procedures for position and velocities estimation relating to the ITRF2014 global reference frame. The horizontal velocities of points were compared with the latest versions of global tectonic models such as ITRF 2014, GEODVEL 2010, and NNR - MORVEL 56. Analysis of the point time series confirmed the good quality of the measurements and the accuracy of the processed coordinates in the GAMIT/GLOBK program. The calculated solutions had horizontal coordinates, uncertainties uncertainty, and repeatability, at the level of 1-3.2 mm for horizontal coordinates and 3.2-6.5 mm for height. However, the analysis of the horizontal velocities of points and comparison of the results with global tectonic models confirmed the need for further compaction of the regional satellite network, especially in the western part of the territory, taking into account the new model of modern movements of the region.
Cardinal changes in the land fund management system during the period of updated Uzbekistan
Authors: Nigmadjanov U.
Published: May 2023

The main content of the decree and resolutions of the President and Cabinet of Ministers of the country is disclosed in an accessible form, for understanding by specialists and employees of all levels, the process of improving the management system of land use, especially the middle and lower levels, as well as students, masters, teachers of the relevant profile of colleges, technical schools and universities. The materials of the article as a specific modern management experience will also be interesting for researchers in this field in many countries of the world. The acting authorized authority – the State Committee for Land Resources, Geodesy, Cartography, and State Cadaster” was disbanded. Its functions, tasks, and powers were distributed among 4 executive bodies with some additions and clarifications. In the course of a critical analysis of its activities, specific reasons for the changes in the management system were identified and evaluated.
The relationship between climate variability and wheat yield in Tashkent province
Authors: Nasirova Makhliyo , Pulatov Bakhtiyor , Pulatov Alim
Published: May 2023

This study focuses on the relationships between climate variability and wheat yield in Tashkent province. It contains a time series study of precipitation, temperature, and wheat yield, as well as the assessment of the link between yield and climatic factors and an examination of the influence of climate change on crop production using a regression model. Time series results of temperature present a positive trend in mean temperature in Bustanlik and Urtachirchik. Annual minimum temperature, the minimum temperature in spring, minimum temperature between September and May have changed significantly in Bustanlik over the years (p<0.05). Total precipitation shows a favourable trend in Bustanlik but a negative trend in Urtachirchik. There is no significant change detected in the time series. The magnitude of the change in climate variables shows no clear tendency. Wheat yield has changed significantly and increased up to 1.34 c/ha every year between 1998-2014. The highest association is determined between wheat yield and minimum temperature in the growing season (0.77) while the highest correlation was identified with the summer maximum temperature (-0.41) in Urtachirchik. The linear multiple regression model forecasted the wheat yield with a mean error of 0.08 c/ha in Urtachirchik and 0.06 c/ha in Bustanlik district.
Spatial assessment of natural conditions for recreational tourism in the mountains of Tashkent region
Authors: Gulyamova L. , Rasulov A. , Nizomova R. , Kazakov A. , Rakhmonov D.
Published: May 2023

This paper is about the use of tools of spatial analysis for assessing the natural conditions for recreational tourism in the mountains of Tashkent region. For this study maps of topography, landscape, and risks of avalanches are recompiled for the development of the database. Assessment is based on accepted criteria for evaluating the capacity of the region for recreational tourism. According to these criteria, the spatial analysis procedures were carried out. The general scheme of the GIS-based evaluation process is developed and tested. As the result of spatial assessment 5 major zones were identified. The result of the spatial analysis is the map that defines the spatial extent of suitable areas for short-term recreational tourism.
Method combining exergy and pinch analysis for the optimisation of a methanol production process based on natural gas and recovered CO2
Authors: Senoussaoui Noha-Lys , Thery Hetreux Raphaële , Hetreux Gilles
Published: May 2023

Following the third part of the IPCC report (GIEC, 2022), carbon capture and utilisation of CO2 emitted by fossil fuel represents one of many ways to curb an increasingly alarming global warming. Reaching this goal implies the transition from a fossil fuel dependant and energy-intensive society to a sober and carbon-free one. According to the (ADEME et al., 2020), steam methane reforming, main production path for syngas, still generates 11 kg CO2/kg H2. Countless scientists have already studied different solutions aiming to lower these emissions, including through the design of innovative CO2 recovering processes. Among these solutions, the integration of CO2 within natural gas based methanol (MeOH) production processes appears to be promising (Nami et al., 2019 ; Wang et al., 2021). Contributing to the development of these more sober and sustainable production sectors involves the implementation of innovative conceptual approaches, along with the design of processes with excellent energetic performances. To this end, there has been a growing interest in exergy analysis in the last few years. This technique is able to identify and characterise a process’ thermodynamic inefficiencies, thus assisting the engineer in the development of innovative processes (Dincer and Rosen, 2015; Gourmelon et al., 2017). The COOPERE method (COmbiner Optimisation des ProcédEs, Récupération et analyse Exergétique), developed in the Laboratoire de Génie Chimique de Toulouse (Gourmelon, 2015), lies on the combined use of exergy analysis, a case based reasoning approach (Roldan Reyes, 2012) and pinch analysis. This method enables to design processes as energetically sober as economically viable. In this paper, the latter is applied to a MeOH production process based on natural gas and recovered CO2, described by (Yang et al., 2018).
Energy and exergy analysis of a pilot plant for the co-production of cold and electricity
Authors: Braccio Simone , Phan Hai Trieu , Tauveron Nicolas , Le Pierres Nolwenn
Published: May 2023

Given the ever-increasing global demand for energy and the attention to be paid to environmental issues and climate change, research is developing more and more about new cold production technologies using renewable sources or recovery. This cooling demand is mainly covered by technologies conventional machines, in particular vapor compression machines, which leads to a high increased demand for electricity. In this context, absorption systems (Herold et al. 2016), lend themselves well to the recovery of heat at low temperature for the production of cold. The advantage of these machines is that the mechanical compression is replaced by a compression thermochemical that uses heat. Although characterized by a low level of maturity technology (TRL 3-4), an even more ambitious study concerns combined systems based on exploitation of thermal energy at low temperatures, in which electrical power and cooling are produced in the same cycle. The present work focuses on the analysis of a pilot installation (Figure 1) of combined production cooling and electricity (CFE) in parallel, from a low temperature source [80 -150°C] and from maximum thermal power of the generator 15 kW.
Methane production from Sargassum muticum (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae): Modeling by experimental design methodology of the influence of size and inoculum/substrate ratio
Authors: Zhao Yiru , Giblaine Marina , Bourgougnon Nathalie , Lanoisellé Jean-Louis , Lendormi Thomas
Published: May 2023

Marine macroalgae are present in the ocean and more particularly in the coastal zone. Their distribution is related to biotic and abiotic factors. Considered as sustainable raw materials for a wide range of value-added products and energy production, they are valued in the fields of human and plant health, agriculture, food or construction (Baghel et al., 2020). Since 2011, large rafts of brown algae of the genus Sargassum have been observed, causing strandings in West Africa, throughout the Caribbean basin and the Gulf of Mexico. These include the species S. fluitans and S. natans. Faced with this recurring phenomenon of massive seaweed strandings, the French State has made a strong commitment to the fight against these phenomena: after a first crisis management plan in 2018, a second plan (2022-2025) was deployed with a view in particular to better prevention, health monitoring and the recovery of collected algae. In Guadeloupe, there are still around 116,000 m3 of sargassum stranded each year (ADEME in Guadeloupe, 2018). At present, valorization, which is very partial (90% of the algae collected is stored without use), is mainly done by composting or manufacturing biomaterials. This untapped biomass could be valorized in the energy sector by Anaerobic Digestion (AD) for the production of a gas rich in methane (anr.fr/Projet-ANR-19-SARG-0009 “Valorisation agro-énergétique des Sargasses – SAVE”). The objective of this study is to perform AD experiments with S. muticum as a substrate, a brown alga with characteristics similar to the previously mentioned stranded species, in order to assess their Bio-Methanogenic Potential (BMP), define the experimental conditions of AD, and to propose, in the long term, an energy recovery of the co-products resulting from the biorefining of seaweed stranded or harvested at sea.
Purification of juices extracted from Stevia rebaudiana leaves by salt precipitation
Authors: Cabanne Marie , De Lima Maria Thereza Alves , Khezzane Montaine , Baillon Fabien , Hastoy Cécile , Boutie Philippe , Espitalier Fabienne
Published: May 2023

Stevia rebaudiana is a perennial herbaceous plant, part of the Asteraceae family and native of Paraguay [1]. It has been cultivated in China and Southeast Asia for several decades [2] and more recently in France, in the Occitanie region. More commonly known as “Stevia”, it is a new source of natural sweetener, since it contains steviol glycosides with a sweet taste. The objective of the work carried out is to develop a method of purification of juice extracted from Stevia rebaudiana leaves, pre-purified by various membrane filtration operations, supplied by the company OVIATIS. The objective is to increase the purity of steviol glycosides in these juices, by precipitating impurities such as quinic acid. These juices initially have a purity of 23 ± 2.5 g of glycosides/100 g of dry matter (ie 23%). The tests presented in this study make it possible to assess the impact of the addition of ethanol, whether or not combined with the addition of potassium or calcium hydroxide. The addition of ethanol to the juices leads to an increase in purity and makes it possible to reach a value of 32 ± 3%. By combining the addition of ethanol with the addition of calcium hydroxide, a purity greater than 50% is obtained. Indeed, for a calcium hydroxide ratio of 0.06, the purity reached a level of 56 ± 5% during the test.
Copyright protection on NFT digital works in the Metaverse
Authors: Dong Yupeng , Wang Chunhui
Published: May 2023

Non-fungible token (NFT) emerges with the marvelous explosion of the metaverse. NFT digital works are profoundly impacting the existing copyright system, which needs to be amended and responded to in time. There is a possibility that it will completely change the distribution pattern of rights and interests in the field of copyright law. Currently, the legal nature of the casting and trading of NFT digital works remains controversial. The liability of NFT digital works creators, as well as service platforms, is required to be further identified. This article starts with an analysis of the right attributes of NFT digital works based on intellectual property law. Subsequently, the related legal issues and countermeasures are discussed, including the exhaustion of the right-holders, the duty of platform management, and the assumption of tort liability arising from the transaction. It is suggested that the NFT digital works should be treated with considerable caution and the legal system of NFT digital works should be constructed in the near future.
Lymphomdiagnostik
Authors: Vetter Christine
Published: May 2023

In der Lymphomdiagnostik gewinnt vor allem die Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PET) an Bedeutung. Die gewonnenen PET-Befunde können zusätzlich zum Monitoring des Therapieansprechens und als Basis für eine risikoadaptierte Therapie genutzt werden.
Metastasiertes Nierenzellkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: May 2023

Die Therapie des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms (mRCC) wird durch die immunonkologische (IO) Therapie mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren in Kombination mit Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren (TKI) geprägt. Für die Kombination von Nivolumab plus Cabozantinib in der Erstlinientherapie wurden beim diesjährigen Genitourinary Cancers Symposium der American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO GU) bestätigende Daten zum Gesamtüberleben (OS) präsentiert. Auch für Patient*innen mit Hirnmetastasen zeigte sich die IO-basierte Therapie als vorteilhaft.
Detektion zusätzlicher verborgener Tumorareale
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: May 2023

Mit der konventionellen Mammografie ist die Ausdehnung des Tumors oft nicht genau zu beurteilen. Eine australische Studie verglich nun die Sensitivität der Kontrastmittel angereicherten Mammografie (CEM: „contrast-enhanced mammography“) und der Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) bei der Detektion zusätzlicher Tumorherde, die in der konventionellen Mammografie nicht sichtbar waren.
Impact of 3-second rule for high confidence assignment on the performance of endoscopists for the real-time optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps
Authors: Kim Jung , Lim Seon Hee , Kang Hae Yeon , Song Ji Hyun , Yang Sun Young , Chung Goh Eun , Jin Eun Hyo , Choi Ji Min , Bae Jung Ho
Published: May 2023

Background Confusion between high and low confidence decisions in optical diagnosis hinders the implementation of real-time optical diagnosis in clinical practice. We evaluated the effect of a 3-second rule (decision time limited to 3 seconds for a high confidence assignment) in expert and nonexpert endoscopists.

Methods This single-center prospective study included eight board-certified gastroenterologists. A 2-month baseline phase used standard real-time optical diagnosis for colorectal polyps < 10 mm and was followed by a 6-month intervention phase using optical diagnosis with the 3-second rule. Performance, including high confidence accuracy, and Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable Endoscopic Innovations (PIVI) and Simple Optical Diagnosis Accuracy (SODA) thresholds, was measured.

Results Real-time optical diagnosis was performed on 1793 patients with 3694 polyps. There was significant improvement in high confidence accuracy between baseline and intervention phases in the nonexpert group (79.2 % vs. 86.3 %; P = 0.01) but not in the expert group (85.3 % vs. 87.5 %; P = 0.53). Using the 3-second rule improved the overall performance of PIVI and SODA in both groups.

Conclusions The 3-second rule was effective in improving real-time optical diagnosis performance, especially in nonexperts.
Imaging Recommendations for Molecular Imaging
Authors: Shaikh Sikandar
Published: May 2023

In vivo molecular imaging is having a great potential that will have an impact on the medicine by detecting diseases in early stages like screening, identifying extent of disease, selecting disease- and patient-specific therapeutic treatment which will be the hallmark of the personalized medicine, for directed targeted therapy, and also for measuring molecular-specific effects of treatment. Currently, most commonly used molecular modalities are positron emission tomography- or single-photon emission computed tomography-based techniques.
Prognostic Significance of Various Clinicopathologic Parameters and BRAF V600E Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma—An Observational Study
Authors: Ayesha Sobiya Mahnaz , Hui Monalisa , Uppin Shantveer G , Uppin Megha Shantveer , Jena Shubhranshu , Patil Rajsekhar Shanthappa , Ratnagiri Ranganath , Paul Tara Roshni
Published: May 2023

Introduction A specific subset of papillary microcarcinoma of thyroid (PMC) can metastasize regionally and to distant organs, and thus, have a significant effect on the overall survival of the patient cohort.

Objectives We aim to analyze the prognostic significance of various clinicopathologic parameters including BRAFV600E mutation by immunohistochemistry in PMC, in order to identify the subset of cases with aggressive behavior.

Materials and Methods Data regarding the PMC cases was retrieved retrospectively from medical records. The clinicopathologic factors like age, tumor size, focality, capsular invasion, histologic subtype, lymphovascular invasion, perithyroidal fat invasion (PTFI), lymph node (LN) metastasis, and distant metastasis were studied in depth. Tissue microarray was constructed to perform immunohistochemistry with CK19 and BRAFV600E. Information regarding overall survival (OS) and development of metastasis, if any, was noted. Chi-squared test was performed to know the association between various factors. To determine odds ratio, logistic regression was done. Survival analysis was done using Kaplan–Meier and Cox-regression analysis.

Results PMC was diagnosed in 48 patients (M:F = 1:2.4), between 22 and 70 years of age (median = 46.5 years). Chi-squared test showed significant association of fibrosis with tumor size more than or equal to 0.5 cm, infiltrative borders, PTFI, and LN metastasis. Tumor size was also associated with infiltrative borders; and LN metastasis with PTFI. BRAFV600E positivity showed significant association with histologic pattern, PTFI and distant metastasis. On logistic regression, tumor size showed significantly increased odds ratio with presence of fibrosis and infiltrative borders. Presence of fibrosis also showed significant association with infiltrative borders and LN metastasis. BRAF V600E had significantly increased odds ratio with histologic pattern, both on univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly reduced OS with presence of LN metastases (p-value = 0.050, log-rank test). Cox-regression did not yield a significant hazard ratio for the various factors studied.

Conclusion This study shows association of LN metastasis with intratumoral fibrosis, PTFI and reduced OS. Intratumoral fibrosis was also associated with tumor size more than 5mm, infiltrative borders and PTFI. Increasing tumor size and infiltrative borders also showed an association. In addition, BRAFV600E positivity was found to be associated with histologic pattern, PTFI and distant metastasis.
Case Report of a Glioma Patient with Homozygous Missense Amino Acid Substitution in KDR Gene
Authors: Uppaluri Kalyan Ram , Kambalachenu Himavanth Reddy , Challa Hima Jyothi , Y. Saadvik Raghuram , Sharma Deepak , Gadicherla Ramya , Ketavath Srinivas , Palasamudram Kalyani , K. Sri Manjari
Published: May 2023

Gliomas are the most commonly seen cancers of the central nervous system with a variable genetic predisposition. Here, we report a homozygous missense variant in the KDR gene in a patient with recurrent glioma. The 35-year-old male patient was diagnosed with stage IV glioma with a recurrence after 10 years from a low-grade stage two glioma. The patient underwent a repeat right craniotomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Biopsy of the lesion showed areas of necrosis with microvascular proliferation and multinucleated tumor cells. An in-depth analysis of NGS data comprising a multigene panel of 351 genes (Agilent Cancer Core Panel) found a homozygous missense variant in exon 25 of the KDR gene that resulted in a substitution of an amino acid glutamine for arginine at codon 1118. The KDR gene or VEGF2 receptor is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase of the VEGF gene involved in angiogenesis. We hypothesize that the variation in the KDR gene may have a role in the patient's transition from grade II to grade IV glioma. While the clinical relevance of this mutation is not clear, screening mutations in the protein tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase domain of the KDR will provide critical insights into the development and progression of glioma in the pediatric and adult populations.
New structures self-assemble from DNA-encased nanocubes
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: May 2023

Cubic nanoparticles functionalized with DNA diversify the self-assembly of superlattice structures.
Introducing a modular framework for the future of scientific software
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: May 2023

PluginPlay provides the infrastructure for building adaptable, scalable software packages.
New result on event-triggered dynamic output feedback H
∞ control for discrete-time switched systems
Authors: Cheng Jiapeng , Xu Xiaozeng , Zhang Hongbin
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the event-triggered dynamic output feedback H∞ controller for a discrete-time switched linear system is addressed. The switching of subsystems during the inter-event interval has always been the focus of researchers’ discussions. Particularly, multiple switching is allowed to happen during an inter-event interval in this paper. To reflect the characteristics of multiple switching during an inter-event interval, the average dwell time approach is adopted in stability analysis and l2-gain performance analysis. Since the full information of system states cannot always be acquired directly, the dynamic output feedback control is taken into consideration. Furthermore, by utilizing a controller-mode-dependent Lyapunov function, we obtain criteria of global exponential l2 stability for switched systems, which are the basis of controller design. Finally, we provide a numerical example to prove the validity of the theorem proposed in this paper.
Impact of wettability on immiscible displacement in water saturated thin porous media
Authors: Arbabi Faraz , Bazylak Aimy
Published: May 2023

The characterization of immiscible displacement processes at the pore scale is crucial in order to understand macroscopic behaviors of fluids for efficient use of multiphase transport in various applications. In this study, the impact of porous material wetting properties on gas invasion behavior at various gas injection rates was investigated for thin hydrophilic porous media. An experimentally validated two-phase computational fluid dynamics model was employed to simulate the dynamic fluid–fluid displacement process of oxygen gas injection into liquid water saturated thin porous media. A phase diagram was developed through a parametric characterization of the thin porous media in terms of the material hydrophobicity and gas flow rates. In addition to calculating the saturation of the invading gas, gas pressure variations were calculated and used to identify the locations of phase diagram boundaries. Non-wetting phase streamlines resolved at the microscale were visualized and presented as a novel indicator for identifying displacement regimes and phase diagram boundaries. It was observed that the crossover from the capillary fingering regime to the stable displacement regime occurred between contact angles of 60° and 80°. By increasing the gas injection rate, due to viscous instabilities, flow patterns transitioned from the capillary fingering and stable displacement regimes to viscous fingering regime.
Study on adaptive parameter internal mode control method for argon-oxygen refining ferrochrome alloy
Authors: Qu Na , Han Shunjie , You Wen , Wang Yifan , Jiang Baoliang
Published: May 2023

To enhance the rate of argon–oxygen refining of ferroalloys, this article is based on the physical and chemical reactions of the smelting process as well as the actual smelting data. A mechanistic model of the rate of change of oxygen supply and carbon content in the smelting process and the temperature of the reaction fluid in the furnace is established. An expert internal model control framework with furnace temperature and carbon content as output and oxygen supply rate as input is constructed. An adaptive parameter adjustment mechanism is added to the control framework by combining data on the maximum gas supply rate and temperature threshold of the stage in the actual production process. The method improves smelting speed and smelting accuracy compared to the general method. It is also able to adjust the furnace temperature according to the actual smelting situation. The actual smelting was carried out according to this method, the improved method reduced the smelting time by 12.79% compared to the general method, and the furnace temperature was controlled below 1950 K.
Finite-temperature effects on the x-ray absorption spectra of crystalline alumina from first principles
Authors: Harper A. F. , Monserrat B. , Morris A. J.
Published: May 2023

By including phonon-assisted transitions within plane-wave density functional theory methods for calculating the x-ray absorption spectrum (XAS), we obtain the Al K-edge XAS at 300 K for two crystalline Al2O3 phases. The 300 K XAS reproduces the pre-edge peak for α-Al2O3, which is not visible at the static lattice level of approximation. Configurations from Monte Carlo sampling of the γ-Al2O3 phase space at the 300 K XAS correctly describe two out of the three experimental peaks. We show that the second peak arises from 1s to mixed s-p transitions and is absent in the 0 K XAS. This letter serves as an insight into the electronic origins of the characteristic peaks in the Al K-edge XAS for alumina crystals.
Triple Langmuir probe calibration in TOMAS ECRH plasma
Authors: Buermans J. , Crombé K. , Dittrich L. , Goriaev A. , Kovtun Y. , López-Rodríguez D. , Möller S. , Petersson P. , Verstraeten M.
Published: May 2023

In the TOMAS device, a triple Langmuir probe is used to measure the electron temperature and density. The accuracy of this measurement depends on correct determination of the effective collecting area of the probe, which depends on complex plasma transport processes. The probe can be calibrated by electron cyclotron resonance heating experiments using the cut-off density of the ordinary wave (O-wave). This threshold only depends on the frequency of the injected wave, and the occurrence of this phenomenon is clearly visible in the temperature evolution. The value of density is consequently known at this point and can be used to calibrate the density measurements of the triple Langmuir probe.
A droplet-based multi-position and multi-layered triboelectric nanogenerator for large-scale raindrop energy harvesting
Authors: Yang Yaowen , Cao Bao , Yang Chao , Wang Zixun , Zhang Haonan , Fang Lin , He Wen , Wang Peihong
Published: May 2023

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an emerging technology proven to have great potential in rainwater energy harvesting. However, most studies have focused only on single-position droplets, and there needs to be more research on multi-position, large-scale rainwater energy. In this work, we develop a multi-position and multi-layered triboelectric nanogenerator (MM-TENG) for large-scale raindrop energy harvesting. The multi-position structure can harvest multiple droplets in the horizontal direction. The water reservoir with multiple holes can convert a large amount of water into droplets, ensuring the output performance of the TENG. The multi-layered structure improves the efficiency of space utilization, as demonstrated by the current integration calculation, where a double-layered structure increases the output by 15.27% and a three-layered structure increases the output by 38.2% at the same height. Finally, we successfully lit up 50 LEDs and drove a commercial calculator with the power generated by the MM-TENG. This work provides a practical guide for collecting large-scale raindrop energy and self-driven sensing of the rainwater environment.
Numerical investigation of surface catalytic effect on the plasma sheath of a hypersonic re-entry capsule
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke
Published: May 2023

Radio frequency blackout indicates the communication interruption between signal monitoring sites and re-entry vehicles; it is a serious threat to the safety of astronauts and the space exploration missions. In this study, a surface catalytic model coupled with a thermochemical non-equilibrium computational fluid dynamic model is developed to study the catalytic wall effect on the plasma sheath of a hypersonic re-entry vehicle. The mechanism of the surface catalytic effect on the plasma sheath of a re-entry capsule is revealed by a comparative study. The flow-field characteristics simulated under conditions of the full-catalytic and non-catalytic walls are compared and discussed for the hypersonic atmospheric re-entry capsule at different altitudes. The chemical and physical mechanisms behind the surface catalytic effect of the re-entry capsule are analyzed. The experimental data of Radio Attenuation Measurement-C-II are used to validate the numerical model established in the present study. It is found that the numerical results simulated with the fully catalytic wall are more consistent with the experimental data. Near the capsule wall, the mole fractions of the species N, O, N+, and O+ decrease as the catalytic recombination coefficient increases. Because of the surface catalytic effect, the communication black is mitigated due to the reduction of the electron number density in the wake zone of the capsule.
Improvement of channel-carrier mobility in 4H-SiC MOSFETs correlated with passivation of very fast interface traps using sodium enhanced oxidation
Authors: Vidarsson Arnar M. , Haasmann Daniel , Dimitrijev Sima , Sveinbjörnsson Einar Ö.
Published: May 2023

Very fast interface traps have recently been suggested to be the main cause behind the rather poor inversion channel mobility in nitrided SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs). Using capacitance voltage analysis and conductance spectroscopy on metal oxide semiconductor capacitors, at cryogenic temperatures, we find that these fast traps are absent in oxides made by sodium enhanced oxidation, and high inversion channel-carrier mobility in MOSFETs made by sodium enhanced oxidation is observed.
Large-eddy simulation of bluff-body stabilized premixed flames with low-dissipative, structure-preserving convection schemes
Authors: Deng Xi , Massey James C. , Swaminathan Nedunchezhian
Published: May 2023

Large eddy simulation (LES) has the potential to predict turbulent combustion phenomena in modern practical combustors. As errors from sub-grid models may be comparable to the numerical errors in the LES approach, mitigating the impact of the numerical errors is as important as constructing accurate sub-grid models. Therefore, a low-dissipative, structure-preserving ROUND (Reconstruction Operators on Unified Normalized-variable Diagram) scheme is tested for the LES of reacting flows in this study. The high efficiency of this scheme is demonstrated by evaluating its accuracy, central processing unit cost, and structure-preserving property by simulating the convection–diffusion process of a passive scalar. Simulations of two bluff body stabilized flames are studied using this scheme. For low turbulence intensity, the current scheme improves the numerical resolution of the instantaneous and averaged flow fields. The prediction of flow statistics is also improved by the ROUND schemes compared to the conventional schemes. Moreover, the ROUND schemes preserve the axisymmetry of the averaged flow better than the conventional schemes for the cases investigated here. For the high turbulence intensity case, the ROUND scheme avoids nonphysical numerical oscillations. The flow and flame statistics obtained using this scheme compare well with measurements. Therefore, this work demonstrates the advantages of using ROUND schemes for LES of reacting flows.
Biofilms and intracellular infection in otitis media
Authors: Thornton Ruth , Seppanen Elke , Clark Sharon
Published: May 2023

Otitis media (OM), middle ear infection, represents a significant burden on children, their families, and the healthcare system. OM is the major cause of hearing loss in children and if left untreated in children who suffer chronic and recurrent forms of OM, this disease can have serious life-long sequelae. Chronic and recurrent OM are recalcitrant to current therapies due to the formation of biofilms and intracellular biofilm pods by otopathogens on the middle ear mucosa and within the middle ear fluid. These pathogens actively hijack the children’s own immune response and persist in the neutrophil extracellular trap-derived DNA in the middle ear. Children who suffer from chronic and recurrent forms of OM have also been shown to have reduced antibody levels to important anti-biofilm protein antigens. These both represent potential targets for treatment or prevention and are under investigation.
Harvesting strong photoluminescence of physical vapor deposited GeSn with record high deposition temperature
Authors: Lin Guangyang , Qian Jinhui , Ding Haokun , Wu Songsong , Li Cheng , Wang Jianyuan , Xu Jianfang , Huang Wei , Chen Songyan
Published: May 2023

In this work, strong photoluminescence (PL) from physical vapor deposited GeSn on Ge-buffered Si is harvested by pursuing high deposition temperature. High-quality Ge0.938Sn0.062 films are obtained through sputtering epitaxy at a record high temperature of 405 °C. The PL peak intensity of the sputtering-grown GeSn is enhanced by 21 times compared to that of GeSn with similar Sn content grown by molecular beam epitaxy at 150 °C. The PL intensity ratio between the sputtering-grown GeSn and Ge virtual substrate reaches a value of 18. Power-dependent and temperature-dependent PL characterizations demonstrate that band-to-band recombination dominates in the sputtering-grown GeSn film. The results indicate that high-temperature sputtering epitaxy, which has the merit of low cost and high-productivity potential, is promising for preparing high-quality GeSn films for optoelectronic applications.
Investigations of defects in TiO2/HgTe/MoO3 heterostructures and their influence on transport properties
Authors: D Sreeshma , Amardeep Jagtap , Rao K S R Koteswara
Published: May 2023

The need for simple-to-manufacture, solution-processable, tunable infrared active optoelectronic materials led to the development of infrared colloidal quantum dots, whose band gaps may be easily regulated by dimensional constraints resulting from the quantum confinement. Due to electronic deep-level trap states that limit effective mobility and function as effective recombination centers, nanocrystal (NC)-based optoelectronic devices still perform less well than what is predicted theoretically. The performance of NC-based optoelectronic devices can be considerably improved by identifying and passivating these defect levels. In this study, we use low-temperature I–V, C–V, C–F and the microcontroller-based deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) system to investigate the defect levels in the FTO/TiO2/HgTe/MoO3/Au device. The I–V measurements at low temperatures demonstrated the existence of exponential trap states, with an activation energy of 0.24 eV and a trap density of

3.18
×

10

17

 

cm

−
3

. Low-temperature C–V and C–F measurements established the existence of deep trap states. With DLTS, we have located two deep trap levels (traps 1 and 2), with energies of 0.25 and 0.46 eV, capture cross-sections

9.7
×

10

−
23

and

4.35
×

10

−
14

 

cm

2

and a concentration of

2.4
×

10

17

 

cm

−
3

, respectively. The surface states at the HgTe NCs and the oxygen vacancies at the TiO2 are the leading causes of the trap levels, which are primarily present at the interface of the TiO2/HgTe heterojunction. The transport mechanism in these heterojunction devices was happening mainly through these interface trap states. Passivating these defect levels is vital to increase the device effectiveness.
Ultra-wide range tri-mode flexible pressure sensor
Authors: Li Na , Sun Junlu , Chang Shulong , Liao Juan , Peng Danni , Dong Lin
Published: May 2023

Flexible pressure sensors, as an essential component of E-skin, have been applied in health monitoring and human-machine interface. However, the limited measurement range hinders their applications and developments. Herein, we present a tri-mode flexible porous pressure sensor with an ultra-wide measurement range (0.91 Pa–30 MPa) based on the triboelectric effect, piezoresistive effect, and mechanoluminescent (ML) effect. The low-pressure area (0.91–450 Pa) response was realized by a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator, which consists of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silver nanowire (Ag NWs). The medium-pressure area (0.45–1.8 kPa) was probed by the piezoresistive sensor using Ag NWs conductive network on the porous surface. ML phosphors (SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+, SAOED) blended in the PDMS matrix of porous pressure sensor were utilized to respond to the high pressure (1 Mpa–30 MPa). This flexible pressure sensor possesses excellent stability with over 20 000, 5000, and 2000 cycles in different pressure measurement ranges, respectively. Finally, a tactile glove with the tri-mode flexible porous pressure sensor was carried out and demonstrated various responses to different pressure conditions. This ultra-wide range tri-mode flexible sensor would provide a widely adaptable platform for human-machine interactions in the internet of things.
Deep learning and hybrid approach for particle detection in defocusing particle tracking velocimetry
Authors: Sax Christian , Dreisbach Maximilian , Leister Robin , Kriegseis Jochen
Published: May 2023

The present work aims at the improvement of particle detection in defocusing particle tracking velocimetry (DPTV) by means of a novel hybrid approach. Two deep learning approaches, namely faster R-CNN and RetinaNet are compared to the performance of two benchmark conventional image processing algorithms for DPTV. For the development of a hybrid approach with improved performance, the different detection approaches are evaluated on synthetic and images from an actual DPTV experiment. First, the performance under the influence of noise, overlaps, seeding density and optical aberrations is discussed and consequently advantages of neural networks over conventional image processing algorithms for image processing in DPTV are derived. Furthermore, current limitations of the application of neural networks for DPTV are pointed out and their origin is elaborated. It shows that neural networks have a better detection capability but suffer from low positional accuracy when locating particles. Finally, a novelHybrid Approachis proposed, which uses a neural network for particle detection and passes the prediction onto a conventional refinement algorithm for better position accuracy. A third step is implemented to additionally eliminate false predictions by the network based on a subsequent rejection criterion. The novel approach improves the powerful detection performance of neural networks while maintaining the high position accuracy of conventional algorithms, combining the advantages of both approaches.
A motion model-guided 4D dose reconstruction for pencil beam scanned proton therapy
Authors: Duetschler A , Huang L , Fattori G , Meier G , Bula C , Hrbacek J , Safai S , Weber D C , Lomax A J , Zhang Ye
Published: May 2023

Objective. 4D dose reconstruction in proton therapy with pencil beam scanning (PBS) typically relies on a single pre-treatment 4DCT (p4DCT). However, breathing motion during the fractionated treatment can vary considerably in both amplitude and frequency. We present a novel 4D dose reconstruction method combining delivery log files with patient-specific motion models, to account for the dosimetric effect of intra- and inter-fractional breathing variability. Approach. Correlation between an external breathing surrogate and anatomical deformations of the p4DCT is established using principal component analysis. Using motion trajectories of a surface marker acquired during the dose delivery by an optical tracking system, deformable motion fields are retrospectively reconstructed and used to generate time-resolved synthetic 4DCTs (‘5DCTs’) by warping a reference CT. For three abdominal/thoracic patients, treated with respiratory gating and rescanning, example fraction doses were reconstructed using the resulting 5DCTs and delivery log files. The motion model was validated beforehand using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) with subsequent 4D dose evaluations. Moreover, besides fractional motion, fractional anatomical changes were incorporated as proof of concept. Main results. For motion model validation, the comparison of 4D dose distributions for the original 4DCT and predicted LOOCV resulted in 3%/3 mm gamma pass rates above 96.2%. Prospective gating simulations on the p4DCT can overestimate the target dose coverage V95% by up to 2.1% compared to 4D dose reconstruction based on observed surrogate trajectories. Nevertheless, for the studied clinical cases treated with respiratory-gating and rescanning, an acceptable target coverage was maintained with V95% remaining above 98.8% for all studied fractions. For these gated treatments, larger dosimetric differences occurred due to CT changes than due to breathing variations. Significance. To gain a better estimate of the delivered dose, a retrospective 4D dose reconstruction workflow based on motion data acquired during PBS proton treatments was implemented and validated, thus considering both intra- and inter-fractional motion and anatomy changes.
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in nanofibers of cesium titanium bromide CsTiBr3 synthesized by two-stage deposition technique
Authors: Beegum K A Benazeera , Sasi Saranya , Thomas Christeena , Mathew Alex , R Reshmi
Published: May 2023

The optical phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) finds applications in bio-imaging, photocatalysis, biosensors, LED, and solar cells. In the present study, the SPR property of lead-free nanofibers of cesium titanium bromide (CsTiBr3) synthesized by a two-stage deposition technique is reported for the first time. The optical properties and SPR in CsTiBr3 are mainly promoted by the spherical-shaped metal cluster and concave-shaped metal neck formation of cesium bromide crystal. The spherical-shaped metal cluster formation is confirmed by SEM and HRTEM analysis. The intensity of optical absorption and emission of CsTiBr3 are amplified by SPR. The intensified absorption and emission of photons make CsTiBr3 a promising candidate for solar cells, bioimaging, biosensors, and photocatalysis.
Computer simulation of phosphate-silicate and calcium phosphate-silicate systems
Authors: Van Hong Nguyen , Anh Nguyen Hoang , Iitaka Toshiaki , Thi Lan Mai
Published: May 2023

The structure of P2O5-SiO2 and CaO-P2O5-SiO2 systems have been systematically investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The structural characteristics were clarified with intuitive figures and images at atomic scale. Specially, we have applied the recognition and visualization methods to clarify short range order, intermediate range order, and network structure. The structural and compositional heterogeneities and mechanism of alkaline Earth metals incorporation into -O-P-O-Si-O- network have been discussed in detail. This is useful information for designing bioactive systems with many potential applications.
Dark matter spike around Bumblebee black holes
Authors: Capozziello S. , Zare S. , Mota D.F. , Hassanabadi H.
Published: May 2023

The effects of dark matter spike in the vicinity of the supermassive black hole, located at the center of M87 (the Virgo A galaxy), are investigated within the framework of the so-called Bumblebee Gravity. Our primary aim is to determine whether the background of spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking has a significant effect on the horizon, ergo-region, and shadow of the Kerr Bumblebee black hole in the spike region.
For this purpose, we first incorporate the dark matter distribution in a Lorentz-violating spherically symmetric space-time as a component of the energy-momentum tensors in the Einstein field equations. This leads to a space-time metric for a Schwarzschild Bumblebee black hole with a dark matter distribution in the spike region and beyond. Subsequently, this solution is generalized to a Kerr Bumblebee black hole through the use of the Newman-Janis-Azreg-Aïnou algorithm.
Then, according to the available observational data for the dark matter spike density and radius, and the Schwarzschild radius of the supermassive black hole in Virgo A galaxy, we examine the shapes of shadow and demonstrate the influence of the spin parameter a, the Lorentz-violating parameter ℓ and the corresponding dark matter halo parameters ρ
0 and r
0 on the deformation and size of the shadow.