bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Heroics of the Portrait Images in V. E. Gorevoy’s Monumental Sculpture of the late 1970s–1980s
Authors: Sazonov Vadim V.
Published: January 2024

The article discusses monumental sculptural portraits of the 1970s–1980s by the Leningrad / Saint Petersburg master V. E. Gorevoy. The author identifi es artistic trends in the group of monuments under consideration and the evolution of the heroics of these images, designates the main methods that the sculptor used in his works.
The Infl uence of the Polyphonic Technique of the Organ Sonatas, Opus 65, on the Oratorio “Elijah” by F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy
Authors: Porizko Ekaterina I.
Published: January 2024

The author of the article reviews the development of the organ sonata and oratory genres in the works of composers of the 19th–21st centuries, which was driven by the Organ Sonatas, opus 65, and oratorio creativity of F. Mendelssohn. The author also considers the polyphony technique of the composer’s Organ Sonatas, opus 65, and their infl uence on the “Elijah” oratorio. These features belong to the composer’s creative style and represent innovation in form and content. It is revealed that elements of the composer’s technique of the organ sonatas penetrate into the oratorio compositions, and an interaction of homophonic and polyphonic forms occurs. The composer turns to the polyphonic techniques (imitation, canon, fugue) and interconnects the sonata form and fugue, which is refl ected in the oratorio “Elijah”.
His Serene Highness Prince Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov
(1787–1869). Aristocrat, Diplomat, Adjutant General
Authors: Ostrovskiy Oleg B.
Published: January 2024

His Serene Highness Prince Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov – the greatgrandson of Peter’s favourite, adjutant general of two emperors, bright diplomat, admiral and naval minister, governor-general of Finland, incompetent commander-in-chief at the main theatre of the Crimean War – had the right to wear 11 uniforms. The author of this article tried to analyse the activities of A. S. Menshikov in all these hypostases on the basis of historiography and memoir literature. The fi rst part of the article examines the qualities of A. S. Menshikov as an aristocrat, diplomat and adjutant general. The article by A. V. Butenin [1] is devoted to this problem. This publication complements it and offers a different view on some issues.
Vladimir Provincial Provisional Executive Committee and Preparations for the Elections to the Constituent Assembly
Authors: Lobov Mikhail N.
Published: January 2024

The main purpose of this article is to review the activities of the Vladimir Provincial Provisional Executive Committee dedicated to the preparation of the province population for the elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly. The Provisional Government, formed after the February Revolution of 1917, claimed only temporary powers, intending to transfer all the authority to the new government elected at the Constituent Assembly. To do this, in turn, it was necessary to elect delegates from all provinces and military districts, as well as to explain the importance of the Constituent Assembly election to the population. As a local self-government body in the province, the Vladimir Provincial Provisional Executive Committee assumed obligations to assist the Provisional Government in the performance of its tasks.
Commercial Activity of Professional Art Associations in Russia at the Turn of the 19th−20th Centuries
Authors: Piatykh Fedor O.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the article is to highlight the economic aspects of the functioning of exhibition associations of artists in Russia at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. Understanding the role of commercial associations of artists in the structure of the domestic art market opens up opportunities for a more in-depth and detailed studying of the features of the artistic life of Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Some Aspects of Food Supplies for the Northwestern Commanderies of the Han Empire (based on Hanjian bamboo slips)
Authors: Girchenko Yekaterina A.
Published: January 2024

The investigation examines the local daily administrative documentation — bamboo slips (Hanjian), found in large quantities at the excavations along the Great Silk Road, namely belonging to the Western Han period (206 BC — 9 AD). The considered Hanjian bamboo slips, which represent some aspects of food supplies in the north-west of the Han Empire, come mainly from the excavations in the Dunhuang area. For comparative analysis, the investigation used the legislative acts of the national and commandery levels on the maintenance of storage facilities and rules for guest meals at postal stations, which allowed us to trace how different laws in this area were being put into practice. It was determined that the amount of rations could not correspond to the indicators established by law. Most likely, the laws allowed to have some variability, and the parameters stated in the laws determined only the maximum possible ration, but not the minimum. It means that offi cials could show some fl exibility in applying legal guidelines to food distribution.
Сubism and Theatre Set Design: Picasso Costumes for the Ballet “Parade”
Authors: Kon’kov Illarion E. , Nesterova Maria A.
Published: January 2024

The article focuses on managers’ outfi ts created by P. Picasso for the ballet “Parade” in 1917. They illustrate the cubist aesthetic approach to theatre scenography. Garments demonstrate Picasso’s vision of acting techniques, plastique, images, and actors’ role in ballet. It is noted that Picasso’s costume experiments corresponded to the ideas of futurism and constructivism, but were less radical. It is shown that satire and parody are the main tools of the Picasso’s method. The infl uence of the theatre experience on the Picasso art is indicated
Performing Characteristics of the Theme and Nature of Depicting Human Experiences in Cossack Folk Songs of the Life Cycle
Authors: Zorilova Larisa S. , Mironova Anastasia V.
Published: January 2024

The paper examines the original vocal performing characteristics of Cossack folk songs of the life cycle devoted to various topics. The author of the paper illustrates a number of the most important correspondences of vocal interpretation in the plot analysis of folklore sources. When assessing the embodiment of a song by a performer, the basic factor is the worldview of the hero entering into historical, political, and everyday processes. The identifi cation characteristics of performing can be traced in various thematic lines of successive stages in the life of the song hero.
The Impact of the Barbizon School on Nathaniel Hone the Younger’s Landscape Painting: a Comparative Analysis of the French and Irish Periods
Authors: Znaenok Anna E.
Published: January 2024

The paper analyses the artistic career of the Irish painter Nathaniel Hone the Younger with a focus on his period of study and residence in France, particularly in Barbizon. It analyses the infl uence of Thomas Couture and Camille Corot on Hone’s artistic evolution, and how the traditions of the Barbizon school are embodied in his landscape painting. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of Corot’s infl uence on the colour palette, compositional decisions, and technical aspects of Hone’s landscape painting. Further consideration is given to the specifi cs of Hone’s art following his return to his home country of Ireland, in particular, the subtle shifts in his creative approach, the retention and progression of skills acquired at Barbizon, and their adaptation within the unique context of the Irish landscape
The Reception of J. S. Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier in the Manuscript of A. K. Glazunov (National Library of Russia, F. 187, No. 642)
Authors: Yankus Alla I.
Published: January 2024

The manuscript of A. K. Glazunov’s educational fugues (National Library of Russia, F. 187, N 642) is an important document refl ecting the creative ideas of the young composer at the fi nal stage of his musical education (summer 1881). Two elements of the manuscript stand out: rewriting a fragment of one of the fugues from J. S. Bach’s “WellTempered Clavier” and beginning to record the themes in all major and minor keys. Various forms of work – from composing themes to entire compositions — reveal Glazunov’s understanding of J. S. Bach’s “Well-Tempered Clavier” as a voluminous – both instructive and creative – source.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW DURING THE INTERACTION OF WIND WITH A FLAT ROUGH SURFACE
Authors: Хазинс В.М.
Published: January 2024

Проведены исследования роли различных методологических факторов, таких как модель вихревой вязкости и различные виды граничных условий, в численном моделировании течения при взаимодействии ветра с шероховатой поверхностью применительно к задачам переноса пылевого облака взрывов в глубоких горнорудных карьерах. Показано, что принудительное уменьшение вихревой вязкости с приближением к поверхности существенно улучшает результаты численного моделирования вблизи поверхности. Выбран эффективный вид граничных условий на поверхности. Непрерывное поступление постоянного стратифицированного по вертикали потока воздуха через границу расчетной области формирует возмущения атмосферы в процессе модификации втекающего потока численной моделью. Показано, что эти возмущения инициируют распространение в атмосфере стабильных во времени гармонических колебаний воздуха вниз по потоку с длиной волны ~ 2000 м.

Studies have been carried out on the role of various methodological factors in the numerical simulation of flow during the interaction of wind with a rough surface. These factors include the eddy viscosity model and various types of boundary conditions. The formulation of the problem took into account the possibility of using the results in problems of transporting a dust cloud of explosions in deep mining quarries It is shown that a forced decrease in eddy viscosity with decreasing distance to the surface significantly improves the results of numerical simulations near the surface. The continuous supply of a constant vertically stratified air flow across the boundary of the computational domain creates atmospheric disturbances in the process of modifying the inflowing flow by a numerical model. It is shown that these disturbances initiate the propagation in the atmosphere of time-stable harmonic air oscillations downstream with a wavelength of ~ 2000 m.
HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF FAULT ZONES OF THE NEAR-SURFACE PART OF THE EARTH’S CRUST - METHODS AND RESEARCH RESULTS. A REVIEW
Authors: Шатунов И.В.
Published: January 2024

В статье приводится обзор современных сведений о гидрогеологических характеристиках разломных зон. Рассмотрены различные аспекты этой проблемы - от численных методов оценки гидравлических свойств и их определения различными методами до эволюции данных свойств в результате различных процессов. Приведены характерные значения проницаемости для участков разломных зон, расположенных на различной глубине. Подчеркивается сложность строения разломных зон и влияние структурного фактора на флюидодинамику верхней части земной коры. Характерные значения проницаемости для разломных зон составляют от 10-11 до 10-15 м2, средние значения проницаемости для зоны влияния и зоны дробления - 10-13 и 10-15 м2 соответственно. Подчеркнута тенденция снижения проницаемости с глубиной и локализации в породах, подвергшихся метаморфизму, выделены наиболее и наименее проницаемые породы по генезису для различных разломных зон в приповерхностной части земной коры, рассмотрена взаимосвязь проницаемости разлома с его типом.

The article provides an overview of current information on the hydrogeological characteristics of fault zones. Various aspects of this problem are considered, from numerical methods for evaluating hydraulic properties and determining them by various methods to the evolution of these properties as a result of various processes. The characteristic permeability values for sections of fault zones located at different depths are given. The complexity of the structure of fault zones and the influence of the structural factor on the fluid dynamics of the upper part of the Earth’s crust are emphasized. The characteristic permeability values for fault zones range from 10-11 to 10-15 m2, the average permeability values for the zone of influence and the crushing zone are 10-13 and 10-15 m2, respectively. The tendency of decreasing permeability with depth and localization in rocks subjected to metamorphism is emphasized, the most and least permeable rocks by genesis are identified for various fault zones in the near-surface part of the Earth’s crust, the relationship between the permeability of the fault and its type is considered.
ReactionMechanismSimulator.jl: A Modern Approach to Chemical Kinetic Mechanism Simulation and Analysis
Authors: Johnson Matthew S. , Pang Hao-Wei , Payne A. Mark , Green William H.
Published: January 2024

We present ReactionMechanismSimulator.jl (RMS), a modern differentiable software for the simulation and analysis of chemical kinetic mechanisms, including multiphase systems. RMS has already been applied to problems in combustion, pyrolysis, polymers, pharmaceuticals, catalysis, and electrocatalysis. RMS is written in Julia, making it easy to develop and allowing it to take advantage of Julia’s extensive numerical computing ecosystem. In addition to its extensive library of optimized analytic Jacobians, RMS can generate and use Jacobians computed using automatic differentiation and symbolically generated analytic Jacobians. RMS is demonstrated to be faster than Cantera and Chemkin in several benchmarks. RMS also implements an extensive set of features for analyzing chemical mechanisms, including a library of easy-to-call plotting functions, molecular structure resolved flux diagram generation, crash analysis, traditional sensitivity analysis, transitory sensitivity analysis and an automatic mechanism analysis toolkit. RMS implements efficient adjoint and parallel forward sensitivity analyses. We also demonstrate the ease of adding new features to RMS.
Is Mn(I) more promising than Fe(II) – A comparison of Mn vs. Fe complexes for olefin metathesis
Authors: Pecak Jan , Talmazan Radu A. , Svatunek Dennis , Kirchner Karl , Podewitz Maren
Published: January 2024

Olefin metathesis is one of the most significant transformations in organic chemistry and an excellent example for efficient homogeneous catalysis. Although most currently used catalysts are primarily based on 4d and 5d metals, cycloaddition and cycloreversion reactions can also be attributed to first-row transition metals, such as Fe. Surprisingly, the potential of Mn(I) based catalysts for olefin metathesis has been unexplored, despite its prominence in homogeneous catalysis and its diagonal relationship to Ru(II). In the present study, we have investigated the prospective capabilities of Mn complexes for cycloaddition and reversion reactions, using density functional theory. Therefore, we have initially compared literature known iron model systems and their isoelectronic Mn counterparts regarding reactivity and electronic structure. Next, we constructed potential Mn complexes derived from synthetically accessible species including carbonyl ligands and obeying octahedral geometry. Based on thermodynamic parameters and the calculation of electronic descriptors, we were able to validate the isodiagonal relationship. Our study serves as guidance for the experimental chemist.
Impact of the experimental bandwidth on circularly polarized luminescence measurements of lanthanide complexes: the case of erbium(III).
Authors: Sickinger Annika , Baguenard Bruno , Bensalah-Ledoux Amina , Guyot Yannick , Guy Laure , Pointillart Fabrice , Cador Olivier , Grasser Maxime , Le Guennic Boris , Riobé François , Maury Olivier , Guy Stephan
Published: January 2024

This article outlines the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a pair of Er(III) enantiomers with controlled helicity. These complexes exhibit a near-infrared circularly polarized luminescence (NIR-CPL) signature with high glum values of ± 0.66 at 1519 nm at room temperature. However, due to a large number of potential transitions at this temperature owed to the crystal field splitting, the CPL pattern likely results from overlapping of many positive and negative contributions. This study explores how reducing the effective bandwidth affects the CPL spectral analysis. Practical insights are provided for measuring CPL spectra, highlighting the importance of resolving peak positions with opposite signs to accurately determine glum values.
Homogenous Palladium-Catalyzed Dehalogenative Deuteration and Tritiation of Aryl Halides with D2/T2 Gas
Authors: Li Jingwei , Lin Qiao , Dungan Otto , Ren Sumei , Ruccolo Serge , Moor Sarah , Phillips Eric
Published: January 2024

Catalytic dehalogenative deuteration and tritiation with D2/T2 gas is a widely employed method for precisely introducing hydrogen isotopes into specific positions within organic molecules. While palladium(0) based heterogeneous catalysts, such as Pd/C, are commonly used for this purpose, challenges related to functional group tolerance and incomplete iso-tope incorporation are often encountered, particularly with respect to aryl bromides and chlorides. These long-standing issues pose a hurdle to achieving optimal results in tracer synthesis. The limited incorporation of isotopes for aryl bro-mides and chlorides presents a significant obstacle to the application of this method in the preparation of high specific activity tritium tracers. Herein, we present a novel palladium catalytic system using Zn(OAc)2 as an additive, which ena-bles homogeneous dehalogenative deuteration and tritiation using D2/T2 gas. Under mild reaction conditions, a wide range of drug-like aryl halides and pseudohalides undergo selective deuteration with complete isotope incorporation. The reaction displays excellent compatibility with diverse functional groups, including multiple bonds, O/N-benzyl, and cy-ano groups, which are frequently problematic in Pd/C reactions. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied to the tritiation of four halogenated pharmaceutically relevant molecules, resulting in predictable high specific activity per halogen atom (26.5-27.7 Ci/mmol). Notably, the developed system allows gram-scale preparation of a deuterium-containing intermediate, a crucial step in synthesizing a deuterium-labeled drug molecule. A reaction pathway involving a key intermediate, Pd(Ar)OAc, was proposed to activate hydrogen gas during dehalogenative deuteration and tritiation. This innovative method has potential to change the practice of dehalogenative deuteration and tritiation in the realm of hydrogen isotope labeling.
PythiaCHEM : a user-friendly machine learning toolkit for chemistry
Authors: Zavitsanou Stamatia , Bo Zonghua , Casali Emanuele , Langton Matthew , Duarte Fernanda
Published: January 2024

Machine learning (ML) is currently transforming the field of chemistry by offering unparalleled efficiency in addressing complex challenges. Despite the progress made, a notable gap persists in the availability of user-friendly tools tailored to chemical problems involving small and sparse datasets. Here, we introduce PythiaCHEM, an ML toolkit designed to develop data-driven predictive ML models. It enables the use of various descriptors and ML frameworks for regression and classification tasks in an automated, flexible, and accessible manner through Jupyter Notebooks, making it easy to customize for specific tasks. We showcase the capabilities and versatility of PythiaCHEM in two distinct chemistry tasks: first, the evaluation of the transmembrane chloride anion transport activity of synthetic anion transporters, and second, the prediction of enantioselectivity in the Strecker synthesis of a-amino acids. Our results highlight the utility of PythiaCHEM as a powerful and user-friendly framework for developing predictive ML models applicable in different domains of chemistry.
Effective removal of enteric viruses by Moringa oleifera seed extract functionalized cotton filter
Authors: Oh Chamteut , Zheng Gang , Samineni Laxmicharan , Kumar Manish , Nguyen Thanh H.
Published: January 2024

Accessible and low-cost point-of-use technologies have significant potential to mitigate risk to public health, particularly in areas with limited resources and in disaster scenarios. Natural cotton fibers functionalized with water-soluble proteins from Moringa oleifera seeds (MO-cotton filter) are a promising technology at lab-scale with demonstrated feasibility for pathogen removal from water. Here, we showed the performance of MO-cotton filters under practically relevant conditions to remove mammalian virus spiked in groundwater. Specifically, MO-cotton filters achieved > 3.2-log10 reduction at a superficial velocity of 0.7 m/h of two mammalian viruses Tulane virus (TV, Caliciviridae, non-enveloped virus) and Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV, Coronaviridae, enveloped virus), which are representative of a significant portion of waterborne illnesses. We further evaluated the risk of virus particles detached due to shear forces by testing their infectivity and found that the viruses accumulated on the MO-cotton filters pose a minimal risk of contaminating the drinking water source.
The Role of Salt Concentration in Stabilizing Charged Ni-Rich Cathode Interfaces in Li-ion Batteries
Authors: Phelan Conor , Björklund Erik , Singh Jasper , Fraser Michael , Didwal Pravin , Rees Gregory , Ruff Zachary , Ferrer Pilar , Grinter David , Grey Clare , Weatherup Robert
Published: January 2024

The cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) in Li-ion batteries plays a key role in suppressing undesired side-reactions whilst facilitating Li-ion transport. Ni-rich layered cathode materials offer improved energy densities, but their high interfacial reactivities can negatively impact cycle life and rate performance. Here we investigate the role of electrolyte salt concentration, specifically LiPF6 (0.5-5 m), in altering the interfacial reactivity of charged LiN0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes in standard carbonate based electrolytes (EC:EMC vol%:vol% 3:7). Extended potential holds of NMC811/Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) cells reveal that the parasitic electrolyte oxidation currents observed are strongly dependent on the electrolyte salt concentration. X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopy (XPS/XAS) reveal that a thicker LixPOyFz-/LiF-rich CEI is formed in the more highly concentrated electrolytes. This suppresses reactions with solvent molecules resulting in a thinner, or less-dense, reduced surface layer (RSL) with lower charge transfer resistance, and lower oxidation currents at high potentials. The thicker CEI also limits access of acidic species to the RSL suppressing transition metal dissolution into the electrolyte, as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). This provides insight into the main degradation processes occurring at Ni-rich cathode interfaces in contact with carbonate based electrolytes, and how electrolyte formulation can help to mitigate these.
Diborane Reductions of CO2 and CS2 Mediated by Dicopper μ-Boryl Complexes of a Robust Bis(Phosphino)-1,8-Napthyridine Ligand
Authors: See Matthew , Ríos Pablo , Tilley T. Don
Published: January 2024

A symmetrical dinucleating 1,8-naphthyridine ligand featuring phosphino side arms linked through fluorene-9,9-diyl moieties (PNNPFlu) was synthesized and used to obtain the cationic organodicopper complexes 2, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(µ‐Ph)][NTf2]; [NTf2] = bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide, and 6, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(µ‐CCPh)][NTf2], as well as the µ‐tert-butoxide 3, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(µ‐OtBu)][NTf2]. Complex 3 reacted with diboranes to afford dicopper µ‐boryl species (4, with µ‐Bcat; cat = catecholate and 5, with µ‐Bpin; pin = pinacolate). Complexes 4 and 5 are more reactive in C–H bond activations of terminal alkynes and toward activations of CO2 and CS2, in comparison to dicopper µ‐boryl complexes supported by a 1,8-naphthyridine-based ligand with two di(pyridyl) side arms. The molecular structures (determined by X-ray crystallography) and DFT analysis indicate that the higher reactivity of 4 and 5 relate to changes in the coordination sphere of copper, rather than to perturbations on the Cu–B bonding interactions. Addition of xylyl isocyanide (CNXyl) to 4 gave 7, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(µ‐Bcat)(CNXyl)][NTf2], demonstrating that the lower coordination number at copper is chemically significant. Reactions of 4 and 5 with CO2 yielded the corresponding dicopper borate complexes (8, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(µ‐OBcat)][NTf2]; 9, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(µ‐OBpin)][NTf2]), with 4 demonstrating catalytic CO2 reduction in the presence of excess diborane. Related reactions of 4 and 5 with CS2 provided the insertion products 10, {[(PNNPFlu)Cu2]2[µ‐S2C(Bcat)2]}[NTf2]2 and 11, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(µ,κ2‐S2CBpin)][NTf2], respectively. These insertion products feature Cu–S–C–B linkages analogous to those of proposed, analogous CO2 insertion intermediates.
An Observational Pilot Survey Study to Assess the Level of Online Gaming Addiction in Adults
Authors: Avulasetty Mounika , Rotti Premalata
Published: January 2024

Background Gaming is becoming one of the major component in the society and is considered to be an indispensable factor. Use of internet computers smartphones and other electronic devices has excessively increased over recent decades. These days instead of internet most of the young adults are addicted to online games. While the increased use in certain fields such as real-time information exchange is associated with benefits to users excessive use in other fields such as gaming may result in health issues. Prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder among the adolescent group is found to be between 1.3 to 19.9.Objective To assess the level of gaming addiction among adults using gaming addiction scale To list various online games played by students. Methods The data was collected through an online survey using a questionnaire based on gaming addiction scale. The duration of the study was nine months i.e. from March 1st to 30th November. A standardized questionnaire for gaming addiction was considered for the study.Results A total of 134 responses were obtained. In this survey we observed that males 52.2 were more addicted to gaming than females 47.8. The most played game was PUBG 28 Ludo 33 Candy Crush 28 etc. and the most common gadget used for gaming was mobile phone 93.3.Conclusion The outcome of this survey suggest that adults are mostly addicted to online gaming and it affects the individuals day-to-day activities including physical social and psychological health. The online games have both pros and cons. They can help in the development of cognitive skills but can also make individuals more socially isolated aggressive and depressed.
URBAN GARDENING IN BHARATPUR METROPOLITAN, NEPAL
Authors: Poudel Ankita
Published: January 2024

Urban gardening consists of various organic productions, environmental protection, and medicinal supply as well, in a limited space. This study was done to know the status of production from such gardening in Bharatpur Metropolitan-10, Nepal. First-hand data from 101 respondents using random sampling was piloted to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of various aspects related to urban gardening. It is observed that a large number of urban householders have created small gardens for ornamental, medicinal, fruits, and vegetables in their households. Maximum householders have 155 to 190 m2 areas for their home gardens, where the presence of seasonal flowers as outdoor flowers, aloe vera as an indoor plant, lime as a fruit, and holy basil as a medicinal plant are found at their maximum. Farmyard manure as fertilizer and inorganic pesticides are used most often where people invest NRs. 2000 to 3000 for fertilizer and less than NRs. 1000 for pesticides per year. The majorities of people buy or use old home seeds and use clay pots for cultivation. It was identified that most people grow 40 to 60% of the required vegetables in their own home gardens, where most of them spend about 1 hour per day on garden work.
EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING SYSTEM OF MAIZE/BLACK GRAM IN SURKHET VALLEY, NEPAL
Authors: Bohara Krishna , Sharma Roop Kishore , Verma Gourav , Subedi Hari Prasad , Thapa Dhirendra Man
Published: January 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.), the queen of cereals, is planted with wide spacing and so it offers the scope of intercropping. Considering the benefits of cereal-legume association, an experiment on Maize/ Black Gram intercropping system was conducted during the summer season of 2022 at Shree Nepal Rashtriya Chandraganga Secondary School, Karnali province, Surkhet District. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design split into three blocks, each with seven plots and treatments were comprised of seven cropping systems, namely, T1: Maize/ black gram in additive series, T2: Maize/ black gram in replacement series, T3: Maize + Black Gram (1:2), T4: Maize + Black gram (1:1), T5: Maize + Black Gram (2:2), T6: Sole maize (Zea mays) and T7: Sole black gram (Vigna mungo L.). Line sowing of Arun-2 maize was done with a spacing of 60 cm × 25 cm in sole maize. A Khajura Mash-1 variety of black gram was sown with 25 cm × 10 cm spacing. As per the treatments, single and double rows of intercrops were taken in between maize. The result indicated that intercropped legumes improved the yield components of maize and offered some bonus yield. The maximum maize grain yield (2258 kgha-1) was noted with sole maize and sole black gram (793kgha-1). It was followed by Maize/Black gram with 1:2 ratios (2031 kgha-1) and (703 kgha-1) respectively. The intercropping combination of maize + black gram (1:2) recorded the highest net return having benefit-cost ratio of 1.76. Similarly, the lowest maize grain yield (1718 kg ha-1) and (476kgha-1) was noted with Maize + Black gram in the replacement series. But the lowest benefit cost was recorded at 1.37 in Maize/ Black gram (2:2). Intercropping had a significant effect on all treatments and was best performed in maize and black gram (1:2) treatment at Surkhet condition.
INDEX OF SOYBEAN TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND MULTIVARIATE CORRELATIONS IN SMALLHOLDER SYSTEMS
Authors: Onuwa Godfrey , Adedire Oludare
Published: January 2024

This study aims to critically highlight appropriate soybean production techniques that enhance levels of agricultural productivity. Therefore, it analyzed soybean production technologies and multivariate correlations in smallholder systems at Jos East, Plateau State, Nigeria. The respondents (120) were selected via multistage techniques. Descriptive statistics, adoption index and multivariate correlation techniques were used to analyze data collected via questionnaires. Soybean production technologies mainly applied by farmers in the area include planting on ridge (81%), improved varieties (80%) and appropriate harvest date (51%); most (67.5%) have a low adoption index of ≤0.36. The correlation coefficients of the multivariate factors (farm output, adoption cost, and adoption index) were significant at rxz (-0.64,), ryz (0.79) and rxy (-0.75), respectively. The identified constraints are barriers to technology adoption. Therefore, the study recommends improved input supply and subsidies, improved advisory services, credit access and market linkages.
ASSESSING THE OPTIMAL LEVEL OF NPK FERTILIZERS FOR ENHANCING PRODUCTION OF SPRING RICE IN KANCHANPUR, NEPAL
Authors: Manni T.B. , Sharma R.
Published: January 2024

Spring rice plays important role in ensuring food self-sufficiency by complementing the production of main season rice in Nepal. To assess the optimal level of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in spring rice, a field experiment was conducted in Kanchanpur district, during Feb- June 2023. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications and seven treatments viz., (T1), 120:40:40 NPK kg/ha, (T2), 180:40:40 NPK kg/ha, (T3), 60:40:40 NPK kg/ha, (T4), 120:60:40 NPK kg/ha, (T5), 120:20:40 NPK kg/ha, (T6), 120:40:60 NPK kg/ha and (T7), 120:40:20 NPK kg/ha. Hardinath-1 variety of rice was transplanted at spacing of 20 cm × 15 cm in all the plots. Data for growth parameters, yield attributes, and yield were collected and analyzed. Analysis of variance for all the parameters was done and treatments were compared at 5% level of significance. The statistical analysis revealed that the treatment T2, 180:40:40 NPK kg/ha was statistically superior in terms of yielding plant height, effective tillers, panicle length, grain yield and straw yield (P< 0.05). An increase of 20.52%, 30.19% and 50.68% was observed in number of effective tillers, grain yield and straw yield respectively in T2 over the recommended dose of government i.e. T1 (120:40:40 NPK kg/ha). Similarly, T2; 180:40:40 NPK kg/ha, where nitrogen level was increased by 50 % on government recommendation, provided highest gross return, net return and the benefit cost ratio of 2.35. Therefore, the fertilizer dose 180:40:40 NPK kg/ha is suggested for better productivity of spring rice in Kanchanpur, Nepal.
THE POTENTIAL FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE FOR SMALL FARMS: SUPERVISED MACHINE-LEARNING SMART IRRIGATION CONCEPT FOR VEGETABLES
Authors: Gamede Noluthando , Telukdarie Arnesh , Munien Inderasan , Vermeulen Andre , Onkonkwo Uche
Published: January 2024

Sustainability is a crucial concept in agriculture and agricultural production. Since there is an intense competitiveness and risk in the sector, technical advancements are essential for improved development and sustainability. Small farms require cost effective solutions to match the standards of bigger producers, which essentially means best yields on crops, both in terms of quantity and quality. It is crucial to consider water crisis, climate change, and quality farm care when designing new solutions for agriculture. This study proposes the automation of farm irrigation systems based on a supervised machine learning model (SVM, Logistic Regression) that is cost-effective and precise response to farming demands. In order to show the practicality of this proposed new technology, an application was developed to represent the model results. The application created was for the user to be able to use the model to predict and control the valves in an irrigation system. This work is a potential solution for small farms in a country like South Africa, where sustainable farming is taking rise.
UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF AGROFORESTRY: UNDERSTANDING ADOPTION FACTORS IN ALETA WENDO DISTRICT, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Berhanu Deginet , Atnafu Aklilu
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to address the knowledge gap among farmers of the Aleta Wendo district of southern Ethiopia about agroforestry practices. The study used a multi-stage sampling technique and collected primary data from 257 respondents. Quantitative analysis was conducted on the collected data using multiple statistical techniques, which included percentage, mean, frequency, and Chi-square tests. The Tobit model was also employed to identify the factors that affect the adoption of agroforestry practices. The results of the study showed that home garden was the most widely adopted agroforestry practice in the study area, followed by windbreak, woodlot, multipurpose tree, alley cropping, and parkland agroforestry. Among the 15 independent variables expected to affect the adoption of agroforestry practices, only six variables were found to have significant and positive influence, including farming experience, access to credit, labor availability, livestock holding, annual income, and contact with development agents. The study’s findings suggest that encouraging farmers to save money, obtain credit, and diversify income sources could help to promote the adoption of agroforestry practices in the study area. The study also highlights the importance of daily communication between farmers and development agents, and the need to take into consideration the major determinants affecting the adoption of agroforestry practices. Overall, the study highlights the potential of agroforestry practices to provide multiple benefits and the need for targeted interventions to promote their adoption in the Aleta Wendo district.
A REVIEW ON USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Subedi Abhishek
Published: January 2024

The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques in the field of agriculture has gained significant attention in recent years. This report explores the various applications of AI and ML in agriculture, focusing on their benefits, challenges, and future prospects. By analyzing existing research and case studies, this report aims to provide insights into the potential of AI and ML technologies to revolutionize farming practices and improve crop yield, resource management, and sustainability in the agricultural sector.
INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC AND BORON ON FLOWERING AND FRUITING OF MANDARIN (CITRUS RETICULATA BLANCO) AT MYAGDI, NEPAL
Authors: Lamichhane Govinda , Adhikari Safal , Karki Dholi Pankaj
Published: January 2024

A study was conducted during the spring season of 2022 to find out the effect of foliar application of micronutrients (Zinc and Boron) in flowering and fruit setting of mandarin (Citrus reticulata blanco) in Myagdi, Nepal. The experiment was laid out in a factor-randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consist of foliar application of sole and combined application of Zinc and Boron namely: control (water spray), 0.2% Zn, 0.1% B, 0.15% Zn + 0.05% B, and 0.1% Zn + 0.1% B. Twenty mandarin trees of the same age and height from an orchard were chosen from the north-facing slope. The spray solution was formulated using standard procedures. The foliar application of the micronutrients was done twice, the first application was done days before flowering, and the second application was done after 2 days of full flowering. The data analysis was done using MS Excel and R-stat. Treatments had significant variations in total flowers and hermaphrodite flowers per branch, fruit diameter, fruit set, and fruit drop. Thus, our study showed that foliar spray of Zinc 0.1% + Boron 0.1% was the best for the production of more hermaphrodite flowers, for a higher fruit set percentage, and for a higher fruit retention percentage in Mandarin.
SUSTAINABILITY OF MOBILE BANKING AS PERCEIVED BY RURAL BANK CLIENTS IN STA. CRUZ LAGUNA, PHILIPPINES
Authors: P. Balmes Harlen
Published: January 2024

The introduction of mobile banking has transformed the financial services business, providing clients with exceptional convenience and accessibility to manage their funds on the go. As the globe transitions to a digital age, financial institutions must ensure the long-term sustainability of mobile banking. The purpose of this study is to provide insight into client perspectives of the sustainability of mobile banking services. Focus is given to a selected bank in Sta. Cruz, Laguna, Philippines. The study has adopted a quantitative research design. Data were collected from 82 users of mobile banking using survey questionnaire. The result showed that client perception is an important factor affecting sustainable intentions to use mobile banking. Clients’ perception of mobile banking is influenced by the trust and confidence, and quality of customer support and services provided. Moreover, to ensure a sustainable and equitable future for banking services, it is essential to prioritize inclusivity, security, and consumer trust as technology continues to advance and mobile banking evolves.
IMPACT OF ONLINE BANKING IN CUSTOMER’S BEHAVIOR IN SAN PABLO CITY, LAGUNA
Authors: B. Quiber Niña Dianne
Published: January 2024

Online banking as one of the accepted services offered by banks to give faster and further dependable services to users. Despite the availability of this convenient and reliable service, many customers are hesitant to adopt online banking technology. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that influence customers’ satisfaction levels in order to address any concerns and improve the overall customer experience. For that reason, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors that impact guests or customers and determine their position of satisfaction with online banking. The four factors that could impact guests’ satisfaction with internet banking are service quality, security, convenience, and speed. This study used descriptive exploration with the use of a questionnaire check. Two-hundred (200) respondents who shared in this study have handed precious feedback about the factors that could impact guests’ opinions. Results show that convenience, and speeds are nearly linked to client satisfaction with internet banking or online banking. Client satisfactions are important factors that helped banks sustain competitive advantages. With the rapid-fire development of computer technology, online banking could be used to attract further guests. Online banking setup leads to increased productivity, reduction in the cost of banking operations, presto agreement, and high volumes of banking deals.
FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER’S SATISFACTION ON FACEBOOK MARKETPLACE AS PURCHASING PLATFORM: EVIDENCE FROM LAGUNA, PHILIPPINES
Authors: A. Ramos Adoree , A. Arcilla Ivory Jane , G. Coralde Reimyella , C. Macatangay Cristel Joy
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates the factors affecting the customer’s satisfaction on the Facebook Marketplace as a platform for online shopping. The purpose of this study is to determine what characteristics influence customers’ satisfaction when they purchase any product from Facebook Marketplace. The study dealt with the factors affecting customer satisfaction on the Facebook marketplace, namely: expectation, perceived performance, and disconfirmation; the level of customer satisfaction with using Facebook as a purchasing platform; and the significant difference in factors affecting customer satisfaction when they are grouped according to their demographic profile. The respondents of this study were 342 Facebook Marketplace customers from Laguna, Philippines, selected through quota sampling. The research utilized a quantitative research method to answer the problems of the study. The research revealed that expectations have the highest influence on the satisfaction of the respondents. Customer’s expectations of the function, quality, and delivery of the products and reliance on feedback on the Facebook marketplace. The study also revealed that demographic factors do not significantly affect customer satisfaction. This study recommends that to achieve positive feedback from customers, online marketers should maintain good customer service and provide well-packed and on-time delivery of products. When a customer’s perception of the quality of a specific product or service exceeds the customer’s expectation or desire, a positive disconfirmation occurs.
ENHANCING ENTERPRISES & ENTREPRENEUR SKILLS ACQUISITION IN NIGERIA INSTITUTE OF LEATHER AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY (NILEST) SAMARU ZARIA
Authors: J.A. Alogala , C.G. Gimba , O. Okeoma , D.A. Ejila , O.C. Aimee , A.O. Salawu
Published: January 2024

To enhance enterprise and entrepreneurial skills acquisition in Nigeria represents a pivotal pursuit in the nation’s quest for economic growth, innovation, and job creation. In Nigeria, as in many emerging economies, fostering a culture of entrepreneurship and equipping individuals with the necessary skills to thrive in the business world is a top priority. Academic institutions should integrate practical courses to entrepreneurship, business management, and innovation designates to encourage traditional academic of practices. the needs for entrepreneurship is a measure at reducing the high increase in graduates unemployment in the country which is imperative skills acquisition seeks to promote and encourage graduate through the development of private sector within the manufacturing and service industries which are gear towards improving small and medium scale enterprise and supporting the growth of new enterprise. The objectives of the study is to evaluate whether skills acquisition have effect on students entrepreneur creation. The study concluded that there is positive relationship between enterprise creation ability of (NILEST) students in zaria Nigeria, the study recommended that leather institute should encourage entrepreneurial skills acquisition to all students as it contributes to enterprise creation and job opportunities
THE EVOLUTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION IN THE OIL INDUSTRY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Odochi Agho Mercy , Okogwu Casandra , Daraojimba Chibuike , Abimbola Adeyinka Mojisola , Samuel Okem Eche , Ayo Ogunjobi Oluwaseun
Published: January 2024

The oil and gas industry, pivotal to global energy demands, confronts transformative challenges in its supply chain integration (SCI). This paper delineates SCI’s intricate dynamics and evolving paradigms within the sector, accentuating both inherent obstacles and emergent opportunities. A salient challenge stems from the industry’s inherent complexity, characterized by fluctuating global demands, geopolitical uncertainties, infrastructural issues, and stringent regulatory environments. Simultaneously, increasing environmental concerns and stakeholder pressures emphasize the industry’s need for transparency, accountability, and sustainable operations. Forward-looking perspectives reveal the promise of digital twin technology, offering real-time monitoring and enhanced operational efficiencies in supply chains. The importance of stakeholder engagement for a comprehensive SCI strategy is highlighted, underlining the significance of multi-faceted dialogues with regulatory entities, local communities, and investors. The paper also underscores the necessity to prioritize environmental stewardship, with a pointed focus on embracing circular economy principles, reducing the environmental footprint, and endorsing sustainable business models. Moreover, decentralized supply chains facilitated by blockchain technology indicate a path toward heightened transparency and traceability. As renewable energy gains prominence, oil and gas enterprises must reimagine their supply chains, incorporating innovative technologies and strategies that complement the shift towards sustainability. This comprehensive analysis culminates in the assertion that for enduring success, the industry must actively foster a culture of innovation, adaptability, and visionary leadership. In conclusion, the oil and gas sector stands at a pivotal juncture; its choices today will chart the trajectory for its future relevance and prosperity.
IMPACTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE SELECTED BUSINESSES: EVIDENCE FROM PAGSANJAN LAGUNA, PHILIPPINES
Authors: M. Rivera Mayvel
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 impacted businesses across the world including small and medium enterprises in the Philippines. Businesses in Pagsanjan, Laguna in the Philippines were not spared. Businesses were severely affected and in need of support to recover from this pandemic. This paper presented the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the businesses in Pagsanjan, Laguna. Specifically, it identified immediate actions taken by owners to adapt to the new market realities. It also determined the resources that businesses have accessed to minimize the impact and to help them evaluate the support and additional resources they may need during COVID and for the recovery period. Ninety (90) small and business owners participated in the survey. The data were entered using MS Excel 2019 and descriptive analysis was performed. Findings of the survey reveal that before COVID-19, the performance of most enterprises was stable with the ability to save a portion of the profits. During the period of COVID-19, business revenues decreased by more than 50% and businesses must reduce the number of staff. The remaining staff were required to work remotely. Additionally, planned upgrades or expansions were canceled and hours of operation were reduced due to government restrictions and protocols. To recover, the owners asked the government for additional technical support to research possible business plans and financial subsidies for utility payments. These results are useful for designing programs to speed recovery and to support small and medium enterprises given their vital role in job creation and economic development.