bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nothing to Hide and Nothing to See : The Conditions of Narrative and Privacy in Jennifer Egan’s Black Box
Authors: Veel Kristin
Published: February 2019

Denne artikel undersøger ved hjælp af en læsning af Twitter-novellen Black Box af den amerikanske forfatter Jennifer Egan relationen mellem information, narration og overvågning i samtidskulturen. En samtidskultur præget af store datamængder og totalovervågning, som har implikationer for vores opfattelse af privatliv. Artiklen argumenterer for, at de store datamængder, som vi lever i og med, frembringer en form for narrativ forhandling, der er født ikke ud af eksistentialismens fokus på menneskets og dets handlinger, men ud af en bevidsthed om den teknologiske kontekst, i hvilken vi er indlejret. Denne kontekst er medskabende for en forståelse af privatliv som en kontinuerlig forhandling mellem netop konteksten og det personlige, hvor det private i sidste ende kun fremstår som synligt i kraft af sin usynlighed.
Overvågning : Kan persondataretten gøre nytte?
Authors: Blume Peter
Published: February 2019

Artiklen tager sit udgangspunkt i en overvejelse af hvad privathed med hensyn til information dækker over. Dette er ikke fuldstændigt klart, men centrale værdier er relateret til den enkeltes mulighed for at udøve kontrol og adgangen til at have et privat område ("at være alene"). Privathed betragtes som en positiv værdi, men er generelt betinget af de samfundsmæssigt dominerende politiske værdier og er ligeledes i betydelig udstrækning påvirket af den foreliggende informationsteknologi. Privathed er ikke nogen konstant værdi og må ikke tages for givet. Nutidens samfund er overvågeligt, og den digitale teknologi har gjort individet sårbart og transparent. Internettet fremhæves som både en velsignelse og forbandelse. En specifik form for overvågning må forstås og vurderes under hensyntagen til dens formål, de anvendte midler, hvor den finder sted, og de overvågedes og den overvågendes karakteristika. I den digitale verden er datasikkerhed det primære middel til at forebygge og begrænse overvågning.
Et hukommelsesvæv af litteratur
Authors: Olesen-Bagneux Ole
Published: February 2019

Anmeldelse af:Christian Jacob: The Web of Athenaeus. Cambridge, MA: Center for Hellenic Studies – Harvard University, 2013, 139 s. Ill. ISBN: 978-0-674-07328-9
Digital Youth : A Challenge to Cultural Policy and Cultural Dissemination addressing Children and Young People in the Nordic Countries
Authors: Juncker Beth
Published: February 2019

Artiklen sætter fokus på nordisk kulturpolitik og kulturstrategier for børn og unge fra starten af det 21. århundrede. Har udfordringerne fra digital teknologi, sociale medier og de unge digitalt indfødte generationer påvirket den grundlæggende forståelse af relationerne mellem kunst, kultur, børn og unge? Er de nordiske lande på vej fra en instrumentel kulturpolitik, der har knyttet unges møder med kunst, kultur og kunstnere til dannelse og formel undervisning mod en ekspressiv kulturpolitik, der prioriterer kunst og kulturs selvstændige betydning?
The role of fantasy in social media use : A lacanian approach to digital youth
Authors: Hjøllund Niels-Peder Osmundsen
Published: February 2019

Hovedformålet med denne artikel er at spørge til hvordan brugen af digitale og sociale medier påvirker positioneringen af subjektet. Gennem en psykoanalytisk teoretisk ramme vil artiklen pege på transformative aspekter i dannelsen af forskellige diskurser og hvordan dette påvirker unges måde at forstå information på. Artiklen peger således på, hvorledes psykoanalytiske begreber kan finde anvendelse i analysen af det digitale medierum. Artiklen vil undersøge følgende spørgsmål "Hvordan påvirker brugen af digitale og sociale medier dannelsen af subjektet?" og "hvilken betydning har sociale medier og digital interfacing for det menneskelige subjekts forståelse af information?" Artiklen vil ved brug af Jacques Lacans kommunikationsmodel give et eksempel på hvordan en psykoanalytisk tilgang kan anvendes som analytisk blik på digitale medier, information og meningsdannelse.
Kolofon
Authors: Kann-Rasmussen Nanna
Published: February 2019

Kolofon4. årgang, nr. 2, udgivet august 2015 ISSN 2245-2931  ISSN (online) 2245-294X © Forfatterne og Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi. Det er tilladt at kopiere frit til privat brug med tydelig kildeangivelse. Kopiering i større omfang til undervisningsbrug o.l. kan kun ske efter indhentning af forfatternes og IVA’s tilladelse eller i henhold til kopieringsaftale med Copy-Dan.Redaktion:  Jack Andersen (ansvh.) Nanna Kann-Rasmussen Trine Schreiber Redaktører af dette nummer: Beth Juncker Gitte BallingLayout: Bruno Kjær Illustrationer til dette nummer: Bruno Kjær, foto's fra udstillingen Skyggebiblioteket II
Digital Humanities : Digitalisering og dokument
Authors: Nielsen Jens Jørn
Published: February 2019

Artiklen præsenterer først nogle generelle problemstillinger omkring Digital Humanities (DH) med det formål at undersøge dem nærmere i relation til konkrete eksempler på forskellige digitaliseringsmåder og ændringer i dokumentproduktion. I en nærmere afgrænsning vælger artiklen den tendens i DH, der betragter DH som forbundet med "making" og "building" af digitale objekter og former. Dette kan også karakteriseres som DH som praktisk-produktiv vending. Artiklen har valgt tre typer af digitalisering. De er valgt ud fra, at de skal repræsentere forskellige måder at håndtere digitaliseringen på og forskellige versioner af den praktisk-produktive vending. Artiklen undersøger tre typer digitalisering fra 1990erne til i dag ud fra denne optik. De repræsenterer forskellige former for approach til digitalisering og det digitale dokument og afspejler forskellige typer af problemstillinger i overgangen fra trykkekultur til digital kultur. For det første problemstillingen omkring digitalisering af litterær kulturarv med fokus på kodning og tagging af teksten samt organisering i hypertekststrukturer. For det andet reorganiseringen af det digitale dokument i dataelementer og database. For det tredje konstruktionen af multimodal og multimedial dokumentformidling og "remixing" af dokumenter. Alle tre projekttyper udtrykker momenter i humanioras erkendelse af, at trykkekulturens dokumentstrukturer og vidensorganisering suppleres (eller ligefrem erstattes) af andre former for digital vidensorganisering.
Archival Biases and Cross-Sharing
Authors: Ping-Huang Marianne
Published: February 2019

Transnationale institutioner og organisationer åbner i disse år for adgang til og ikke mindst brug af digital kulturarv. Der tales i den forbindelse om økosystemer af interessenter og projekter, mens man tidligere fokuserede mere ensidigt på teknologisk opbygning af infrastrukturelle systemer. Dette skift hen imod netværksbaserede og sociale infrastrukturer med vægt på produktion og post-produktion, åbner for nye samarbejdsformer, men udfordrer også policy-styrede rammer for digital videnproduktion og -deling. En af de helt væsentlige udfordringer er at gøre viden, der stammer fra mindre, eksperimenterende projekter (som fungerer inden for et økosystem af mange interessenter), tydelig og produktiv inden for en større ramme og dermed fremme en diversificeret deling og samskabelse af viden.
Biblioteksmodeller til tiden : Dorte Skot-Hansen og biblioteksudviklingen
Authors: Jochumsen Henrik
Published: February 2019

Hvad er et folkebibliotek egentligt i et senmoderne globaliseret videns- og oplevelsessamfund, hvor begreber som oplysning, dannelse og kvalitet ikke har entydig betydning, og hvor en væsentlig del af det, der foregår på biblioteket, ligger fjernt fra både bibliotekets etymologiske udgangspunkt: Et samlingssted for bøger og fra folkebibliotekets oprindelige raison d'etre: Den rigtige bog til den rigtige låner? Og er der overhovedet brug for biblioteket i en digital tidsalder, hvor vi hver især kan skabe vores eget bibliotek med flydende tilgang af de informationer og oplevelser, vi har behov for?
Museumssociologi : En slags genlæsning af især Dorte Skot-Hansens Museerne i den danske oplevelsesøkonomi (2008)
Authors: Christensen Hans Dam
Published: February 2019

Blandt Dorte Skot-Hansens publikationer findes mange titler, som eksplicit handler om folkebibiblioteker, kulturpolitik, kulturformidling og kulturplanlægning anskuet i en kultursociologs optik. På en lille fin hylde i forfatterskabet findes desuden en håndfuld publikationer, der mere specifikt handler om museer. Især bogen Museerne i den danske oplevelsesøkonomi: Når oplysning bliver til en oplevelse (2008) skal bemærkes, og nævnes i sammenhæng hermed bør også forskningsartiklerne "Digital formidling i danske museer: Udfordringer fra oplevelsessamfund og oplevelsesøkonomi" (2009) og "Danske museer som børs eller katedral: Udfordringer fra oplevelsessamfund og oplevelsesøkonomi" (2009). Som det fælles udgivelsesår og den identiske undertitel antyder, er begge delvist affødt af førstnævnte bog; den vender vi tilbage til.
Kolofon
Authors: Kann-Rasmussen Nanna
Published: February 2019

Kolofon5. årgang, nr. 2, udgivet september 2016 ISSN 2245-2931 ISSN (online) 2245-294X © Forfatterne og Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi. Det er tilladt at kopiere frit til privat brug med tydelig kildeangivelse. Kopiering i større omfang til undervisningsbrug o.l. kan kun ske efter indhentning af forfatternes og IVA’s tilladelse eller i henhold til kopieringsaftale med Copy-Dan.Redaktion: Nanna Kann-Rasmussen (ansvh.) Trine Schreiber Maria Skou Nicolaisen Lisa Engström Martin Persson Redaktører af dette nummer: RedaktionenLayout: Bruno Kjær Illustrationer til dette nummer: Anne Marie Ploug
Konfigurationer af digitalt borgerskab i Danmark gennem fortællinger om Torben og it-labyrinten
Authors: Jensen Sara Marinus
Published: February 2019

Denne artikel tager sit afsæt i den offentlige sektors digitaliseringsstrategi i Danmark; nærmere bestemt digitaliseringen af borgerne. Artiklen studerer og diskuterer, hvordan den offentlige sektors digitalisering af borgerne konfigurerer digitalt borgerskab med dertilhørende handlingsmuligheder. Artiklens analyse baserer sig for det første på empiri hentet i et feltstudie, hvor forskeren tog ophold hos udvalgte borgere i deres hjem; borgere der tilhører de 80 procent af befolkningen, der forventes at kunne bidrage til at indfri digitaliseringsmålet. En af disse borgere var en mand ved navn Torben. Analysen baserer sig for det andet på et offentligt publiceret materiale om en såkaldt "it-labyrint", som er en del af en undervisningsguide udarbejdet i forbindelse med implementeringen af Digitaliseringsstrategien 2011-2015. Ved at "læse" Torben med it-labyrinten og ved at inddrage forskellige forståelser af begrebet om "konfiguration" hentet i feltet "Science and Technology Studies" (STS) undersøger artiklen, hvordan materialet om itlabyrinten kan siges at konfigurere borgerne. It-labyrintens konfiguration af Torben bliver derved et eksempel på, at et analytisk værktøj, som er tiltænkt at skulle hjælpe og skabe orden i en implementeringssituation, giver anledning til en konfiguration, der bliver den selvsamme, som borgeren sætter sig imod. Ved at inddrage en forståelse af konfiguration som relationelt skabt af forskellige entiteter, diskurser og normer, hvori identitetsskabelse også kan have del, peger artiklen på, at det hverken er en moralsk borgerlig bevidsthed med dertilhørende samfundsmæssige forpligtelser eller niveau af it-færdigheder, der er udslagsgivende for Torbens konfiguration i situationen. Dermed nuancerer artiklen billedet af de 80 procent, som nogle, der uproblematisk bidrager til opfyldelsen af digitaliseringsmålet, blot fordi de besidder de rette it-færdigheder
Kolofon
Authors: Kann-Rasmussen Nanna
Published: February 2019

7. årgang, nr. 2, udgivet december 2018ISSN (online) 2245-294X © Forfatterne og Institut for Informationsstudier. Det er tilladt at kopiere frit til privat brug med tydelig kildeangivelse. Kopiering i større omfang til undervisningsbrug o.l. kan kun ske efter indhentning af forfatternes og INF’s tilladelse eller i henhold til kopieringsaftale med Copy-Dan. Redaktion: Nanna Kann-Rasmussen (ansvh.) Jeppe Nicolaisen Karen Louise Grova Søilen Patrick Heiberg KapschRedaktører af dette nummer:Trine SchreiberPernille BjørnMaria Menendez BlancoHaakon Lund
What Makes a Maker?
Authors: Hepp Andreas
Published: February 2019

Academic research typically portrays the Maker Movement as a bottom-up emancipatory movement that emerged out of localised, grassroots initiatives. On the basis of a broad media ethnography that gathered data in Germany, Great Britain, and the USA, this article demonstrates the myopia of this assessment. Rather than being a bottom-up movement, the Maker Movement is in fact a pioneer community with intimate connections to the corporate world and the political class maintained by a globally spread organisational elite. The increasingly global sweep of the Maker Movement is a complex act of co-construction involving an abundance of different actors. With its curatorial centre firmly embedded within the offices of the Maker Media company—guiding the discourse on the movement's identity through its periodical Make: and its experiential experiences through international Maker Faires—the Maker Movement has its organisational basis in a franchise model that leaves it open to the flexible influence of an organisational elite who secures the intellectual and physical space for individual practitioners and local groups.
“Vi søker deg med relevant høyere utdanning”: Kompetansebehov i det bibliotekfaglige profesjonsfeltet
Authors: Gjestrum Liv , Tallerås Kim , Tveit Åse Kristine
Published: February 2019

It is claimed that today's professions are challenged and that they may disappear, either because more tasks are automated, or somewhat less dramatically - because the professions have to redefine their roles, due to technological changes and other reasons. Such changes also challenges institutions that educate professional practitioners. As academic staff, teaching students in library and information science, we need to know what competencies are requested in our professional fields. We have collected and examined job advertisements from the most important national channels, from 2015-18, where workplace is a library institution, or where librarian expertise is specifically mentioned. We have analyzed competencies and educational backgrounds, and we have made comparisons to similar data from 2002.The theoretical perspective of the study is derived from the sociology of professions, and the material has been studied using statistical analysis in combination with qualitative content analysis. The study shows that the fields of practice are looking for significantly different professional skills, depending on the type of institution and position in question. Relevant ICT skills and skills in communication are emphasized in almost all advertisements. The analysis also reveals that today more often than in 2002, candidates with a degree other than in library and information science are targeted for positions in libraries.
"It's all about relations" - an investigation into the youth librarian’s role and proficiency
Authors: Evjen Sunniva , Vold Tonje
Published: February 2019

Developing library services for children and youth is a challenge for the library community. Statistics show that while younger children are avid library users, their usage often wanes as they grow older. Norwegian children between the ages 9 and 15 visited the library half as much in 2017 as they did in 1991 (SSB 2017). One exception is Biblo Tøyen, Norway’s only library dedicated to children between the ages 10-15. Recently named Library of the Year, the library provides a very popular space for its target group. Based on a qualitative study consisting of participant observation and interviews with members of the library staff, who are not trained librarians, this paper highlights the staff’s varied contributions to establishing Biblo as a third place and developing the participatory elements of the library. We look at what guides the staff in facilitating specialized programming for the users and how they perceive their own their role as library staff by exploring in what ways they have interacted with, learnt from, guided and “policed” the target group in developing a participatory, third-space atmosphere.Our findings suggest that the staffs’ relational capacity is vital for creating a successful library space for this age group. From our study, we propose that the multi-aspect role of the youth librarian as teacher, confidante, inspirer, parent, and guardian needs to be taken into serious account in the future education of librarians and for the development of future youth libraries.
Tverrfaglig forskningsstøtte - et FagSosioTeknisk grenseobjekt
Authors: Ebeltoft Nini , Lykkja Pål Magnus , Hegnes Alte Wehn
Published: February 2019

It is widely acknowledged that interdisciplinary research is required for adequately addressing global challenges. This article explores what interdisciplinary research implies for research libraries assisting such work, and for researchers receiving support. The main research question is: In what manner is interdisciplinary research support shaped and constructed as a result of contact and collaboration between researchers and the research library? Along with document studies, 15 semi-structured interviews have been conducted involving academic staff at the University of Oslo (UiO) and librarians at the UiO research library. Theoretical insight from the fields of Library and Information Science and Science and Technology Studies are combined using Boundary Objects (BO) as an analytical concept. In analysing empirical data, two dual-level competencies and library practices are identified: those that are technical and librarian, and those that are academically-professional and socio-emotional. In the junctions between these, interdisciplinary research support appears as a boundary object characterized as SubjectSocioTechnical. Collaboration and support for interdisciplinary research call for a complex of competencies, primarily because various support practices must be tailored to fit researchers’ disciplines and needs.
Finding a Maximum-Weight Convex Set in a Chordal Graph
Authors: Cardinal Jean , Doignon Jean-Paul , Merckx Keno
Published: February 2019

We consider a natural combinatorial optimization problem on chordal graphs, the class of graphs with no induced cycle of length four or more.
A subset of vertices of a chordal graph is (monophonically) convex if it contains the vertices of all
chordless paths between any two vertices of the set. The problem is to find a maximum-weight convex subset
of a given vertex-weighted chordal graph. It generalizes previously studied special cases in trees
and split graphs. It also happens to be closely related to the closure problem in partially ordered sets and directed graphs.
We give the first polynomial-time algorithm for the problem.
Time Windowed Data Structures for Graphs
Authors: Chanchary Farah , Maheshwari Anil
Published: February 2019

We present data structures that can answer time windowed queries for a set of timestamped events in a relational event graph. We study the relational event graph as input to solve (a) time windowed decision problems for monotone graph properties, such as disconnectedness and bipartiteness, and (b) time windowed reporting problems such as reporting the minimum spanning tree, the minimum time interval, and the graph edit distance for obtaining spanning forests. We also present results of window queries for counting subgraphs of a given pattern, such as paths of length 2 (in general graphs) and paths of length 3 (in bipartite graphs), quadrangles and complete subgraphs of a fixed order or of all orders $\ell \geq 3$ (i.e., cliques of size $\ell$). These query results can be used to compute graph parameters that are important for social network analysis, e.g., clustering coefficients, embeddedness and neighborhood overlapping.
Femme et philosophe : texte, image, vie chez Sarah Kofman
Authors: Morar Cristina
Published: February 2019

Malgré son œuvre considérable, la philosophe Sarah Kofman peine aujourd’hui encore à trouver reconnaissance. L’auteure souhaite montrer comment le travail singulier de lecture, d’écriture et de dessin de Kofman était porté par l’exigence d’une parole et d’un regard qui ouvrent à la fois à la différence et à la proximité avec l’autre ainsi qu’à la transformation de soi. Elle s’interroge à savoir si cette « éthique de la lecture » n’est pas la caractéristique distinctive d’une pratique féminine de la philosophie.
L’inclusion du Black feminism dans la philosophie politique : une approche féministe de la décolonisation des savoirs
Authors: Berthelot-Raffard Agnès
Published: February 2019

Fondé sur ce que l’autrice nomme l’« approche féministe de la décolonisation des savoirs », cet article aborde la place du féminisme noir dans la philosophie politique. L’autrice montre que la pensée féministe noire est une philosophie de la justice sociale. À partir de la notion de « modestie épistémique » proposée par Eva Feder Kittay, l’autrice examine comment l’ignorance du système de valeurs et des expériences des femmes noires dans les théories libérales constitue une injustice herméneutique pour les intellectuelles qui édifient le Black feminism comme théorie de la justice raciale et de genre.
Sans distinction d’identité de genre?
Authors: LeBlanc Isabelle
Published: February 2019

Le Nouveau-Brunswick a adopté en 2017 une loi qui entend « viser l’égalité des femmes et des hommes » en prônant un langage neutre ou indifférencié dans les titres d’emplois gouvernementaux. L’auteure examine la manière dont la seule province officiellement bilingue du Canada mène ce processus de langage neutre/indifférencié dans les deux langues (l’anglais et le français) et cherche à savoir en quoi les enjeux qui portent sur l’intersection entre la langue et l’identité de genre diffèrent selon la communauté linguistique visée. L’analyse est faite à partir d’un corpus de presse et applique une perspective féministe en sociolinguistique.
GOBERNANZA DEL AGUA Y TERRITORIOS HIDROSOCIALES: DEL ANÁLISIS INSTITUCIONAL A LA ECOLOGÍA POLÍTICA
Authors: Sanchis Ibor Carles , Boelens Rutgerd
Published: February 2019

En las últimas décadas han surgido diversos enfoques para dar respuesta a los desafíos que plantea la gestión del agua. Este artículo presenta, de manera introductoria, las principales aproximaciones teóricas desde las cuales se está analizando en la actualidad el manejo y la gobernanza del agua: las corrientes neoinstitucionalistas, la teoría de los recursos comunes y la perspectiva del empoderamiento que se relaciona con la ecología política. La descripción de estos enfoques sirve para contextualizar las distintas aportaciones que se presentan en este monográfico sobre el estudio de los territorios hidrosociales, cuyos principales resultados se exponen sucintamente.
GESTIÓN DEL AGUA SUBTERRÁNEA DE USO AGRÍCOLA: LOS RETOS DE LA SUSTENTABILIDAD SOCIO-AMBIENTAL Y LA EQUIDAD
Authors: Hoogesteger Jaime , Wester Philippus
Published: February 2019

El agua subterránea es el sustento de millones de personas que viven en ámbitos rurales y urbanos en el mundo. Basados en la teoría sobre el acceso, en este artículo presentamos cómo el desarrollo del uso de las aguas subterráneas ha aportado al bienestar humano en diversos lugares del mundo; y cómo su uso intensivo está causado problemas de salud y acceso al agua en poblaciones vulnerables debido a la sobreexplotación de los acuíferos. Mostramos las dificultades que enfrentan los esquemas de regulación estatal para controlar el uso del agua subterránea y presentamos los modestos logros de otros enfoques de gobernabilidad dirigidos a resolver los problemas existentes con las aguas subterráneas. De igual manera evidenciamos los actuales procesos de acumulación y despojo del agua que se dan a raíz de la anarquía en la gestión del agua. Para estudiar estos procesos se propone un marco de análisis con base en el estudio de los territorios hidrosociales, la economía política del agua subterránea y las esferas de control que definen el acceso a la misma. Este análisis destaca los desafíos que presenta idear políticas y modos de gobernanza que contribuyan a la sostenibilidad social y ambiental del agua subterránea.
INUNDACIONES POLÍTICAMENTE CONSTRUIDAS. EL MEGAPROYECTO HÍDRICO CHONE EN ECUADOR
Authors: Hidalgo-Bastidas Juan Pablo , Boelens Rutgerd
Published: February 2019

La construcción e implementación del megaproyecto hídrico Chone (Costa ecuatoriana) ha sido legitimada como medio para promover el desarrollo de la ciudad, pero ha inundado y transformado territorios rurales campesinos de manera permanente. El discurso utilitario en torno al ‘beneficio de las mayorías’ urbanas ha justificado el proyecto, en desmedro de la presumida ‘minoría subdesarrollada’ en el área rural. Durante la implementación del megaproyecto, los campesinos han sido presentados como ‘atrasados’ y ‘pre-modernos’; alejados de los imaginarios urbanos modernos acordes con la noción oficial de progreso y desarrollo. Los hacedores de política presentan el riesgo de inundaciones sólo como un problema ‘natural’ y ‘tecnológico’, dejando ocultas las relaciones de poder que construyen las transformaciones territoriales urbano-rurales. Desde la ecología política proponemos que la (sobre) abundancia de agua es también una construcción política y no únicamente un fenómeno tecno-natural.Concluimos argumentando que los megaproyectos no sólo son medios de control de agua, sino queconstituyen herramientas para ordenar y gobernar la sociedad.
EFHC1, implicated in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, functions at the cilium and synapse to modulate dopamine signaling
Authors: Loucks Catrina M , Park Kwangjin , Walker Denise S , McEwan Andrea H , Timbers Tiffany A , Ardiel Evan L , Grundy Laura J , Li Chunmei , Johnson Jacque-Lynne , Kennedy Julie , Blacque Oliver E , Schafer William , Rankin Catharine H , Leroux Michel R
Published: February 2019

Neurons throughout the mammalian brain possess non-motile cilia, organelles with varied functions in sensory physiology and cellular signaling. Yet, the roles of cilia in these neurons are poorly understood. To shed light into their functions, we studied EFHC1, an evolutionarily conserved protein required for motile cilia function and linked to a common form of inherited epilepsy in humans, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). We demonstrate that C. elegans EFHC-1 functions within specialized non-motile mechanosensory cilia, where it regulates neuronal activation and dopamine signaling. EFHC-1 also localizes at the synapse, where it further modulates dopamine signaling in cooperation with the orthologue of an R-type voltage-gated calcium channel. Our findings unveil a previously undescribed dual-regulation of neuronal excitability at sites of neuronal sensory input (cilium) and neuronal output (synapse). Such a distributed regulatory mechanism may be essential for establishing neuronal activation thresholds under physiological conditions, and when impaired, may represent a novel pathomechanism for epilepsy.
Functional instability allows access to DNA in longer transcription Activator-Like effector (TALE) arrays
Authors: Geiger-Schuller Kathryn , Mitra Jaba , Ha Taekjip , Barrick Doug
Published: February 2019

Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) bind DNA through an array of tandem 34-residue repeats. How TALE repeat domains wrap around DNA, often extending more than 1.5 helical turns, without using external energy is not well understood. Here, we examine the kinetics of DNA binding of TALE arrays with varying numbers of identical repeats. Single molecule fluorescence analysis and deterministic modeling reveal conformational heterogeneity in both the free- and DNA-bound TALE arrays. Our findings, combined with previously identified partly folded states, indicate a TALE instability that is functionally important for DNA binding. For TALEs forming less than one superhelical turn around DNA, partly folded states inhibit DNA binding. In contrast, for TALEs forming more than one turn, partly folded states facilitate DNA binding, demonstrating a mode of ‘functional instability’ that facilitates macromolecular assembly. Increasing repeat number slows down interconversion between the various DNA-free and DNA-bound states.
Control of entropy in neural models of environmental state
Authors: Muller Timothy H , Mars Rogier B , Behrens Timothy E , O'Reilly Jill X
Published: February 2019

Humans and animals construct internal models of their environment in order to select appropriate courses of action. The representation of uncertainty about the current state of the environment is a key feature of these models that controls the rate of learning as well as directly affecting choice behaviour. To maintain flexibility, given that uncertainty naturally decreases over time, most theoretical inference models include a dedicated mechanism to drive up model uncertainty. Here we probe the long-standing hypothesis that noradrenaline is involved in determining the uncertainty, or entropy, and thus flexibility, of neural models. Pupil diameter, which indexes neuromodulatory state including noradrenaline release, predicted increases (but not decreases) in entropy in a neural state model encoded in human medial orbitofrontal cortex, as measured using multivariate functional MRI. Activity in anterior cingulate cortex predicted pupil diameter. These results provide evidence for top-down, neuromodulatory control of entropy in neural state models.
”Kampagnen med Blæk i stedet for Blod”: Håndskrifter, trykk og opinionskamp i skandinavisk offentlighet, 1801–1814
Authors: Hemstad Ruth
Published: February 2019

“The campaign with ink instead of blood”: Manuscripts, print and the war of opinion in the Scandinavian public sphere, 1801–1814Handwritten pamphlets circulated to a high extend as part of the war of opinion which went on in the Norwegian-Swedish borderland around 1814. This ‘campaign with ink instead of blood’, as Danish writers soon characterized this detested activity, was a vital part of the Swedish policy of conquering Norway from Denmark through the means of propaganda. This ‘secret war of opinion’, as it was described in 1803, culminated around 1814, when Sweden accomplished its long-term goal of forming a union with Norway. In this article I am concerned with the role and scope of handwritten letters, actively distributed as pamphlets as part of the Swedish monitoring activities in the borderland, especially in the period 1812 to 1813. These manuscripts were integrated parts of the manifold of publications circulating within a common, although conflict oriented Scandinavian public sphere in the making at this time. The duplication and distribution of handwritten pamphlets, and the interaction with printed material, as Danish counter pamphlets quoting and discussing these manuscripts, illustrates that manuscripts remained important at the beginning of the nineteenth century. They coexisted and interacted with printed material of different kinds, and have to be taken into consideration when studying the public sphere and the print culture in this period.
Investigating Literacy Practices in a University EFL Context from Multiliteracies and Multimodal Perspective: A Case Study
Authors: Nabhan Salim , Hidayat Rahmad
Published: February 2019

This study attempts to investigate the literacy practices of EFL teaching and learning in higher education level from multiliteracies and multimodal perspective. Mixed methods were used: questionaires to the students, interviews with both teachers and students, focus group discussion with students, observation, and documents. The study was focused on the English reading and writing classroom activities. The results of the study revealed that most participating students frequently utilized on screen text and digital devices instead of printed paper in their reading and writing activities. In addition, despite the fact that teachers still used print-based literacy, they supported the adoption of digital and multimodal literacy in their teaching. The findings also indicated that there was mostly misconception of English literacy skills limited to the only targeted skills of English language, and yet the nature of reading and writing practices has developed towards incorportion of printed based texts with multimodal texts. Nevertheless, some challenges occured in integrating multimodality into practices including curriculum design and different learners’ qualification. Findings collected from the this study might have implications for the curriculum development within the framework of multiliteracies and multimodality in the contemporary teaching and learning English language particularly in response to the emergence of technology.
Perceptions and Linguistic Actions of Bilingual Speakers of Turkish and English: An Explanatory Study
Authors: Gursoy Esim , Ozcan Eda Nur
Published: February 2019

Due to the globalized world, sixty percent of world’s population is bilingual today. Such a population calls for the need to understand bilinguals from a holistic perspective since it is likely that we are surrounded by bilinguals and we are raising bilingual children. Therefore, this study investigates bilingualism from five different dimensions; their perception of bilingualism and languages as Turkish and English, prosodic features in these two languages, sense of self, biculturalism and their language choice to get an overview about bilingual speakers of Turkish and English by adopting a qualitative design. Moreover, this study is one of the few studies involving bilinguals of Turkish and English. The data was collected from 29 bilinguals through an open-ended questionnaire. In data analysis, participants were divided into two main groups as early and late bilinguals; the origins of the bilinguals were also taken into account. Bilinguals’ responses were examined by using inductive data analysis. The results show that bilingual speakers have a unique profile and they make their decisions depending on the context, culture, self-perception and sense of self. Each bilingual is found to be idiosyncratic with linguistic and non-linguistic behaviour he/she displays.
Intertextuality in Arabic Criticism: Saadi Yousef’s Mobile Model as an Example
Authors: Assadi Jamal , Naamneh Mahmoud
Published: February 2019

This article traces the development of the notion of intertextuality among modern Arab critics back to its roots in the Western critical theory. It also studies the hypothesis, which supports the presence of a special mythological intertextuality in the poetry of Saadi Yousef, the modern Iraqi poet. His mythological intertextuality is manifested in the composition, and content of his poetry. In the process of employing the device of intertextuality, Saadi invests ancient Iraqi myths. This article, in which we will discuss the famous Babylonian myth known as Gilgamesh Epic, will refer to Saadi’s use of this device as “the intertextuality of the mobile model.” Compared with conventional types of intertextuality, this type combines between the past text, that is the myth, and the present text, i. e. the poem through three axes. First, the investment of a past myth to serve present purposes; second, the employment of a past myth to read the present and the third axis entails the use of the present for the sake of influencing the present text. The purpose is to illustrate the benefits of the past myths and the mechanisms employed by Saadi Yousef and to examine the goals that have motivated the poet to choose one of the most ancient texts written at all.
The Levels of English-Arabic Code-Mixing in Islamic Boarding School Students’ Daily Conversation
Authors: Hanafiah Ridwan , Rantika Ayu , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: February 2019

This study was aimed at discovering the levels of English-Arabic code-mixing in Islamic boarding school students’ daily conversation. This study departs from code-mixing theory in sociolinguistics. Qualitative approach was utilized as the research design. The data were in the form of word, phrase, and clause taken from utterances obtained by recording the conversations of students. From the data analysis taken from 20 situations, there were 98 utterances of code mixing, which were used by students in their conversation at Islamic boarding school covering intra- and extra-sentential code – mixing. The dominant occurrence is in word level totalling to 65 occurrences (66.4%), followed by clause level 13 occurrences (13.2%), phrase level 10 occurrences (10.2%), and sentence level 10 occurrences (10.2%). Therefore, the code – mixing did exist in students’ conversation. Even though the appearance of the code – mixing in students’ conversation was not really high but this needs to be re-examined the correct use of the code – mixing in orther to avoid the misunderstanding and miscommunication among the students and with teachers.
Vilka kompetenser beskriver förskollärarstudenter att de erhåller genom examensarbetet?
Authors: Råde Anders Per
Published: February 2019

I denna studie analyseras och diskuteras vilka kompetenser som förskollärarstudenter i Sverige beskriver att examensarbetet har givit dem. Analysen av 114 studentessäer visar sex vetenskapliga och fem professionella kompetenser som studenterna erhållit via examensarbetet. De mest framträdande kompetenserna är färdigheter i vetenskapligt skrivande, ämneskunskaper och professionell insikt. Flertalet kompetenser som beskrivs uppvisar likheter mellan vetenskapliga och professionella kompetenser, som till exempel ett ifrågasättande förhållningssätt. De vetenskapliga kompetenserna möjliggör en analys och förståelse av professionen, en form av ”veta varför”-diskurs. De professionella kompetenserna ger praktiska färdigheter för professionen, en form av ”veta hur”-diskurs. En utvecklingspotential för examensarbetet finns i de likheter som identifierats mellan de vetenskapliga och professionella kompetenserna.
Nyckelord: examensarbete, förskollärarutbildning, professionell kompetens, vetenskaplig kompetens
Chemical composition, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of methanol extracts from leaves ofTerminalia belliricaandTerminalia sericea(Combretaceae)
Authors: Sobeh Mansour , Mahmoud Mona F. , Hasan Rehab A. , Abdelfattah Mohamed A.O. , Osman Samir , Rashid Harun-or , El-Shazly Assem M. , Wink Michael
Published: February 2019

Background

Plants belonging to the genusTerminaliasuch asTerminalia belliricaandTerminalia sericeaare used traditionally to treat several diseases and health disorders. Up to this date, the roots ofTerminalia sericeaand the fruits ofTerminalia belliricaare the mostly studied plant parts. The phytochemical composition and the biological activities of the leaves of both species are not well identified so far.

Methods

The secondary metabolites ofTerminalia belliricaandTerminalia sericealeaves were identified using HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. The antioxidant activities of the leaves extracts were determined by DPPH and FRAP assays. The hepatoprotective potential was evaluated in rats with D-galactosamine induced liver damage. The effect of the extracts on the expression of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 was measured in an immunohistochemical study. The most abundant compounds identified in the studied extracts were docked into Bcl-2: Bim (BH3) interaction surface using molecular operating environment software.

Results

A total of 85 secondary metabolites were identified in the leaf extracts of both species. Ellagitannins such as corilagin, chebulagic acid, galloylpunicalagin, and digalloyl-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-hexoside were found to be the major components inTerminalia belliricawhereas flavonoid glycosides including quercetin rutinoside and quercetin galloyl-glucoside were highly abundant inTerminalia sericea. The studied extracts exhibited pronounced antioxidant activities, moderate anti-apoptotic and hepatoprotective potential. In silico docking experiments revealed that the compounds abundant in the extracts were able to bind to Bcl-2: Bim (BH3) interaction surface with an appreciable binding free energy.

Discussion

The antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities exhibited by the studied extracts might be attributed to the high content of the polyphenols. The anti-apoptotic activity could be due to the interference with the apoptotic pathway mediated by Bcl-2: Bim interaction. These findings support the medicinal relevance ofTerminalia belliricaandTerminalia sericeaand provide a rational base for their utilization in folk medicine.
The nectar report: quantitative review of nectar sugar concentrations offered by bee visited flowers in agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes
Authors: Pamminger Tobias , Becker Roland , Himmelreich Sophie , Schneider Christof W. , Bergtold Matthias
Published: February 2019

There is growing concern that some bee populations are in decline, potentially threatening pollination security in agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes. Among the numerous causes associated with this trend, nutritional stress resulting from a mismatch between bee nutritional needs and plant community provisioning has been suggested as one potential driver. To ease nutritional stress on bee populations in agricultural habitats, agri-environmental protection schemes aim to provide alternative nutritional resources for bee populations during times of need. However, such efforts have focused mainly on quantity (providing flowering plants) and timing (during flower-scarce periods), while largely ignoring the quality of the offered flower resources. In a first step to start addressing this information gap, we have used literature data to compile a comprehensive geographically explicit dataset on nectar quality (i.e., total sugar concentration), offered to bees both within fields (crop and weed species) as well as outside fields (wild species) around the globe. Social bees are particularly sensitive to nectar sugar concentrations, which directly impact calorie influx into the colony and consequently their fitness making it an important resource quality marker. We find that the total nectar sugar concentrations in general do not differ between the three plant communities studied. In contrast we find increased variability in nectar quality in the wild plant community compared to crop and weed community, which is likely explained by the increased phylogenetic diversity in this category of plants. In a second step we explore the influence of local habitat on nectar quality and its variability utilizing a detailed sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) data set and find that geography has a small, but significant influence on these parameters. In a third step we identify crop groups (genera), which provide sub-optimal nectar resources for bees and suggest high quality alternatives as potential nectar supplements. In the long term this data set could serve as a starting point to systematically collect more quality characteristics of plant provided resources to bees, which ultimately can be utilized by scientist, regulators, NGOs and farmers to improve the flower resources offered to bees. We hope that ultimately this data will help to ease nutritional stress for bee populations and foster a data informed discussion about pollinator conservation in modern agricultural landscapes.
Time Series Analysis and Forecasting of Oilseeds Production in India: Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average and Group Method of Data Handling – Neural Network
Authors: Mithiya Debasis , Datta Lakshmikanta , Mandal Kumarjit
Published: February 2019

Oilseeds have been the backbone of India’s agricultural economy since long. Oilseed crops play the second most important role in Indian agricultural economy, next to food grains, in terms of area and production. Oilseeds production in India has increased with time, however, the increasing demand for edible oils necessitated the imports in large quantities, leading to a substantial drain of foreign exchange. The need for addressing this deficit motivated a systematic study of the oilseeds economy to formulate appropriate strategies to bridge the demand-supply gap. In this study, an effort is made to forecast oilseeds production by using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, which is the most widely used model for forecasting time series. One of the main drawbacks of this model is the presumption of linearity. The Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) model has also been applied for forecasting the oilseeds production because it contains nonlinear patterns. Both ARIMA and GMDH are mathematical models well-known for time series forecasting. The results obtained by the GMDH are compared with the results of ARIMA model. The comparison of modeling results shows that the GMDH model perform better than the ARIMA model in terms of mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The experimental results of both models indicate that the GMDH model is a powerful tool to handle the time series data and it provides a promising technique in time series forecasting methods.
Leucocyte Profile of Adult Nigerians as Indicator of Severity Level of Acute Musculoskeletal Trauma
Authors: Asemota K. E. , Ekene E. N. , Ehebha S. E. , Olowe G. T.
Published: February 2019

Leucocytosis, marked increase in the number of white blood cells (WBC) is a known physiological response to trauma. In recent times, several studies have asserted the absence of this response in Africans. In view of this, current study investigated the existence of, and prognostic implications of post-traumatic leucocytosis amongst adult Nigerians with acute musculoskeletal (MSK) trauma. Two hundred and twenty three (223) adult male and females (MSK traumatized) and fifty apparently healthy volunteers (adults) were ethically recruited from the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, regional centre for trauma, orthopaedic, burns and plastic surgery in south-east Nigeria. Using the Leishman’s stained blood smear technique, leucocyte profiles [Neutrophil, Lymphocytes, Basophils, Eosinophils and Monocyte counts] were obtained for each participant. In all case, Age, Gender and duration of hospitalization were also obtained. Following careful analysis, study found, using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), a statistically significant increase (p < .05) in acutely traumatized subjects; with adults of ages 20 to 49 years constituting the majority (70%). A statistically significant lymphopenia was also observed in test population, with Pearson Product Moment Correlation proving positive for higher levels of WBC counts. A negative correlation was also seen for Neutrophils and lymphocyte counts, implicating the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Stress Factor (NLSF). We recommend the exploration of the NLSF for prognosis of Leucocytosis in Africans.
Iron Keys Deposited in the Foundation of Glasgow Bridge
Authors: Buchanan John
Published: February 2019

John Buchanan, a corresponding member of the Society, wrote to inform them of two large iron keys that were found deposited in the foundations of the ancient bridge of the River Clyde.
Discovery of Bronze Vessels, &c., at Cockburnspath, Berwickshire
Authors: Newton William Warring Hay
Published: February 2019

In a haugh adjacent to the Water of Eye, labourers who were cutting peat found two cooking vessels buried about 15 inches below the surface. One appeared to be well-used, with evidence of fire marks on it. The other had been worn thin at one point and reinforced. The two vessels were inverted one on the other, and between them were found a bronze Roman patella, a large iron chain, a bronze ornament, two knives, two gouges, a tankard, and a mouthpiece for a musical instrument.
Ancient Stone Mould
Authors: Brown Thomas
Published: February 2019

Thomas Brown exhibited a stone mould that was used for casting weapons and other tools. It was made of green serpentine, oval in shape, and 16.5"L x 9.5"W x 2.25"H in dimension. The woodcut which accompanies the article illustrates the front of the mould, including a long hollow, which Brown believed was used to get the rough shape of a dagger blade.