bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Potential of Kishk-like Novel Product in Solving the Acidic Whey Conundrum in the Dairy Industry
Authors: Dimassi O.
Published: October 2024

Acidic whey, unlike sweet whey, poses significant environmental challenges in the dairy industry. The Lebanese population consumes large quantities of labneh (strained yogurt) and white cheese, resulting in substantial acidic whey production, which presents disposal issues and pollution risks. Kishk, a fermented-milk cereal mixture, has a characteristic acidic taste. This study developed a Kishk-Like product using concentrated acidic whey as a substitute for fermented milk, addressing the disposal problem while enhancing dairy industry profitability. This study was conducted from April to June 2023. As consumer acceptance is the first step in food product development, a triangle sensory test was performed three times with 30 panelists each time, who attempted to differentiate between an established fermented cow’s milk kishk (CMK) and the new Kishk-Like product (KLP) made with three-fold concentrated acidic whey. In the three runs, 11, 9 and 13 out of 30 panelists were able to differentiate between the CMK and KLP samples, yielding p-values of 0.415, 0.713 and 0.166, respectively. These findings, coupled with the fact that approximately 12 kg of acidic whey is required to produce 1 kg of KLP, highlight its potential as a straightforward, economically viable solution for the acidic whey disposal dilemma, warranting further research into its development, characterization and standardization.
Use of high-strength steel to create high capacity gondola cars
Authors: Orlova Anna , Demin Konstantin , Popesku Roman
Published: October 2024

Purpose: substantiation of the possibility to increase the load capacity of gondola cars using high-strength steel in the car body structure. Methods: gondola cars load capacity changing analysis. Numerical research of the effect of the steel yield strength value on the mass of the beam structure according to the criteria of strength and stiffness for a beam on two hinged supports operating in bending, and also according to the buckling criteria of a compressed beam. Gondola car body structure finite element analysis in order to confirm the strength and buckling parameters with the normative requirements. Results: the analysis of load capacity of universal fouraxle gondola cars built in the period from the beginning of production of the first Russian cars up to the present time was performed. Results of the analysis of the effect of steel yield strength on the mass of the structure according to the strength criteria and stiffness for a beam on two hinged supports operating in bending, and also according to the buckling criteria of a compressed beam was presented. High-strength steel technical requirements for welded structures of freight wagons is considered. Parameters for evaluating the suitability of rolled high-strength steel for freight wagon construction are given. The results of strength and stability analysis of the gondola car model 12-6744 with high-strength steel, which confirm the design compliance of the car in terms of normative parameters of strength and stability with the requirements of the existing standards are given. The gondola car model 12-6744 advantages are described, as well as the economic effect of its operation for the consignor. Practical importance: the possibility of using high-strength steel to increase the load capacity of gondola cars is substantiated. The gondola car model 12-6744 with high-strength steel was designed. Its advantages are given, and the economic effect of operating such a wagon for the consignor is shown.
TEKİRDAĞ'IN BULGAR İŞGALİNDEN KURTULUŞU VE OSMANLI İDARESİNİN YENİDEN TESİSİ (EKİM 1912-AĞUSTOS 1913)
Authors: Koltuk Nuran
Published: October 2024

Balkan Savaşları, Osmanlı Devleti'nin dağılma sürecinde önemli dönüm noktalarından biriydi. Daha önce bağımsızlığını kazanmış olan Bulgaristan, Yunanistan, Sırbistan ve Karadağ, Osmanlı Devleti'nin zayıflığından faydalanarak, ırkdaşlarının yaşadığı Balkan yarımadasını paylaşmak için kendi aralarında ittifak kurmuşlardı. Böylece Osmanlı Devleti, dört Balkan devleti ile aynı anda savaşmak zorunda kaldı. Kısa bir süre içinde Balkanlardaki topraklarının büyük bir kısmını kaybettiği gibi Edirne, Kırklareli ve Tekirdağ da işgal edilmiş ve Bulgar Ordusu Çatalca'ya kadar ilerlemişti. Yaklaşık yedi ay Bulgar işgalinde kalan Tekirdağ, Birinci Balkan Savaşı sonrasında, Londra Antlaşması ile yeniden Osmanlı yönetimine bırakıldı. Buna rağmen ancak askerî bir harekât yapılarak Bulgar işgalinden kurtarılabildi. Kurtuluştan sonraki en önemli aşama ise yakılıp, yıkılmış, yerli halkının önemli bir kısmı göçmüş olan Tekirdağ'da, Osmanlı idaresinin yeniden tesis edilmesi ve asayişin sağlanmasıydı. Çünkü işgal süresince Bulgarlar ve yerli gayrimüslimler tarafından Müslüman halk katliama uğramış, malları yağmalanmış ve evleri yakılıp-yıkılmıştı. Bunun için askerî harekât ile birlikte Tekirdağ'da Müslüman halkın benzer şekilde mukabelede bulunmak istemesi asayiş sorununu doğurmuştu. Bu makalede Osmanlı Arşiv belgeleri kullanılarak, Tekirdağ'ın Bulgar işgalinden kurtuluşu, Osmanlı yönetiminin yeniden tesisi ve asayişin sağlanması konularına değinilecek.
Essays on Technology Paternalism : Paternalistic Effects of Smart Technologies on User Behavior
Authors:   , Rochi Martin
Published: October 2024

Smart products are progressively shaping our daily experiences, with algorithms empowering devices to operate autonomously, make decisions independently of users, and potentially compromise user well-being. This burgeoning autonomy in smart technologies has given rise to the concept of Technology Paternalism (TP), where devices act in a protective manner akin to a parental figure, potentially infring-ing on user autonomy and control. Despite its growing relevance, especially with the advent of increas-ingly smart systems, TP remains underexplored in technology acceptance and resistance research. This thesis synthesizes insights from three recent papers to elucidate the multifaceted relationship between TP, technology adoption and resistance, highlighting how perceived paternalism by smart products can impact user behavior. Drawing from a theoretical framework informed by psychological reactance theory and empirical evi-dence from correlational studies, this synthesis presents a nuanced understanding of TP's implications for user autonomy, control, and resistance to smart technologies. It introduces a validated three-factor scale for measuring TP providing a novel tool for future research and offering a basis for critical discus-sions on smart product design and policy making. The collective findings underscore the delicate balance smart technologies must navigate between aiding users and preserving their sense of control and freedom. As smart products become more embedded in daily life, understanding, and addressing the challenges posed by TP is crucial for fostering technology acceptance and minimizing resistance, thereby guiding marketers and product developers in strategizing product features and functionalities that keep TP in mind while delivering enhanced benefits.
Yeni Nesil Fonksiyonel Bileşenler Olarak Postbiyotikler ve Biyoaktif Özellikleri
Authors: Özbay Merve , Yılmaz Ersan Lütfiye
Published: October 2024

Postbiyotikler, konakçı sağlığı üzerine olumlu etkiler gösteren cansız mikroorganizmalar ve/veya bunların bileşenleridir. Postbiyotiklerin kesin mekanizmaları tam olarak anlaşılamamış olsa da spesifik fizyolojik etkiler sağlayarak konak sağlığının iyileştirilmesinde sayısız olumlu etkilerinin olduğu belirtilmektedir. Kolay depolanabilme, uzun raf ömrü, seri üretim kapasitesi, gıdaların mikrobiyal bozulmasını önlemesi gibi çeşitli avantajlara sahip olması gıda, hayvancılık ve farmakoloji alanında kullanılabilirliklerini de sağlamaktadır. Tüm bu özellikleri dikkate alındığında postbiyotikler birçok endüstri alanında kullanılabilecek yeni nesil fonksiyonel bileşenler olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu makalede, postbiyotik terminolojisi, üretimi, karakterizasyonu, biyoaktivitesi, sağlığı geliştirici etkisi ve endüstriyel uygulamaları gibi kavramlar hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Kinematic Calibration of an Industrial Manipulator without External Measurement Devices
Authors:   Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sumenkov O. Yu. ,   Sirius University of Science and Technology, Kulminskiy D. D. ,   Sirius University of Science and Technology, Gusev S. V.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a practical approach to fully automated kinematic calibration of an industrial manipulator. The approach is based on the principle of plane constraint. The electrical signal is used to fix the moment of contact between the conductive tool and the flat surface. The measurement data are manipulator configurations (joint angles) at the moment of contact. A modification of the algorithm to deal with the scaling problem is also proposed. This approach provides both high calibration accuracy and lower cost of the experimental setup compared to coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), laser trackers, and vision systems. The article examines the impact of various methods of kinematic parameterization of manipulators: the Denavit – Hartenberg agreement (DH), product of exponentials (POE), as well as the complete and parametrically continuous model (CPC) on the calibration accuracy. A comparison is made of the open-loop and the proposed closed-loop calibration methods on the Puma 560 model known in the literature. POE parameters were converted to DH and CPC to compare accuracy after calibration based on these parameterizations. The method of computing POE-CPC transformation as a solution to a certain optimization problem is proposed. The problem of identifying geometric parameters in the presence of restrictions is solved by gradient optimization methods. Experiments have been carried out on an ABB IRB 1600 industrial manipulator with an installed conductive probe and an ABB IRBP A-500 robotic positioner with a conductive metal flat surface. A technique for indirectly checking the accuracy of calibration of kinematic parameters is proposed based on a study of the accuracy of manipulation when using these parameters.
Classe inversée en cours magistral de physique en Licence
Authors: Blanc Guillaume
Published: October 2024

Cet article décrit la mise en place progressive d’une pédagogie de type classe inversée lors d’un cours magistral de physique classique pour des étudiant·es de deuxième année de Licence. Les modalités pratiques de mise en œuvre, les résultats obtenus, quantitatifs, mais surtout qualitatifs sont présentés. L’expérimentation par les étudiant·es d’un outil spécifique (Perusall) pour ce type de pédagogie est analysée. Les résultats des étudiant·es en termes de notes ne montrent pas de différence suite à la mise en place de la classe inversée, malgré les limites de l’étude. Différentes pistes pour mesurer l’impact de cette pédagogie sur la réussite étudiante et pour améliorer cette dernière dans le cadre de la classe inversée sont proposées sans qu’elles n’aient pu être explorées, l’expérimentation ayant dû être arrêtée avant son terme. Néanmoins des bénéfices de la pédagogie testée ont pu être mis en valeur, comme la qualité des interactions entre enseignants et étudiant·es et la souplesse face aux aléas classiques de l’enseignement.
Reliving the moments: Exploring tourists’ staycation experience through S-O-R framework
Authors: Pratminingsih Sri Astuti , Zulganef Zulganef , Purwaningdyah Sri Wiludjeng Sunu
Published: October 2024

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to understand what influences tourists’ travel experience sharing and intention to re-staycation. S-O-R framework is used to examine how social influence affects perceived enjoyment, while subsequently sharing their staycation experience and intention to re-staycation. Design/methodology/approach – 325 generation Z millennials who have experienced staycation and share it to their social media are chosen using purposive sampling. The data obtained is processed using Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS.Findings – The findings of this study indicate that social influence affects tourists’ perceived enjoyment on staycation trip, which then leads to staycation experience sharing and tourists’ intention to re-staycation. Experience sharing mediates the influence of perceived enjoyment on staycation trip towards intention to re-staycation. Review credibility and gender differences moderate the relationships between variables.Research limitations/implications – This study has not yet look at the post-travel or staycation phase of tourists, thus further study is needed regarding post-travel evaluation. It also only uses variables that focus on tourists' perspectives regarding their travel experiences and sharing activities on social media.Practical implications – Service providers must pay attention to improving the atmosphere not only in terms of physical attributes but also related to the service products available in the hotel so that it can attract the intention to visit again. Offering accommodation experiences can enable potential tourists to return to the destination.Originality/value – Through the SOR framework, this study show how social influence can be a stimulus for individuals in perceiving enjoyment during their trip, leading them to show a behavioral response of sharing their staycation experience and have intention to go back to relive the moments.
Unbreakable SU(3) Atoms of Vacuum Energy: A Solution for Cosmological Constant Problem
Authors: Farag Ali Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and General Relativity (GR) are pillars of modern physics, each supported by extensive experimental evidence. QFT operates within Lorentzian spacetime, while GR ensures local Lorentzian geometry. Despite their successes, these frameworks diverge significantly in their estimations of vacuum energy density, leading to the cosmological constant problem—a discrepancy where QFT estimates exceed observed values by 123 orders of magnitude. This paper addresses this inconsistency by tracing the cooling evolution of the universe's gauge symmetries—from \(SU(3) \times SU(2) \times U(1)\) at high temperatures to \(SU(3)\) alone near absolute zero—motivated by the experimental Meissner effect. This symmetry reduction posits that \(SU(3)\) forms the fundamental "atoms" of vacuum energy. Our analysis demonstrates that the calculated number of \(SU(3)\) vacuum atoms reconciles QFT's predictions with empirical observations, effectively resolving the cosmological constant problem. The third law of thermodynamics, by preventing the attainment of absolute zero, ensures the stability of \(SU(3)\) vacuum atoms, providing a thermodynamic foundation for quark confinement. This stability guarantees a strictly positive mass gap, defined by the vacuum energy density, and implies a Lorentzian quantum structure of spacetime. Moreover, it offers insights into the origins of both gravity/gauge duality and gravity/superconductor duality.
Nigella sativa Oil Improves Follicular Reserve in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Ovarian Toxicity: A Histomorphological and Hormonal Assessment in Female Rats
Authors: Jibril Murtala , O. Ekwere Ekwere , Samuel O. EDE , Bello M. Mohammed , Ali Ishaq Shugaba
Published: October 2024

Histomorphological studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of NS-Oil (NS) on ovarian toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in female rats. The research aimed to assess the histological changes in ovarian tissue and correlate these findings with alterations in serum gonadotropin levels. The experimental design involved three (3) experimental groups treated with cyclophosphamide, NS-Oil oil, or a combination, with control group for comparison. Histological assessments of ovarian sections were performed to analyze structural integrity, follicular development, and toxicity signs, while serum samples were analyzed for estradiol, progestin levels.Cyclophosphamide administration significantly disrupted ovarian architecture, reducing follicle count and causing follicular degeneration. Conversely, NS-Oil oil treatment exhibited protective effects, restoring normal histological features and improving gonadotropin levels. Image J software, calibrated with a table micrometer, was used to measure diameters of follicles, follicular cells, and oocytes. Primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles were classified according to Oktay et al. (2017). Body weight showed no significant difference across groups, but ovarian weight decreased in cyclophosphamide-treated groups compared to controls (p < 0.05). However, ovarian weight increased dose-dependently in NS-Oil-treated groups (p < 0.05).Cyclophosphamide reduced ovarian cortex and medulla volumes (p < 0.05), while NS-Oil treatment increased these volumes (p < 0.05). Pre-antral and antral follicle counts decreased with cyclophosphamide but increased following NS-Oil treatment (p < 0.05). Atretic follicle counts decreased in both cyclophosphamide and NS-Oil-treated groups (p < 0.05). The diameters of pre-antral and antral follicles, as well as follicular cells, decreased with cyclophosphamide but increased post NS-Oil treatment (p < 0.05).These results suggest that NS-Oil may offer a therapeutic strategy to mitigate ovarian damage associated with cyclophosphamide treatment, highlighting its potential role in preserving reproductive health in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and the efficacy of NS-Oil in clinical settings.
Finding a Research Paper Which Meaningfully Averages Unbounded Sets
Authors: Krishnan Bharath
Published: October 2024

Suppose n ∈ N. We wish to meaningfully average ‘sophisticated’ unbounded sets (i.e., sets with positive n-d Hausdorff measure, in any n-d box of the n-d plane, where the measures don’t equal the area of the boxes). We do this by taking the most generalized, satisfying extension of the expected value, w.r.t the Hausdorff measure in its dimension, on bounded sets which takes finite values only. As of now, I’m unable to solve this due to limited knowledge of advanced math and most people are too busy to help. Therefore, I’m wondering if anyone knows a research paper which solves my doubts. (Unlike previous versions with similar names, we add examples, motivations, and explanations to this version.)
Research on Longitudinal Control of Electric Vehicle Platoons Based on Robust UKF-MPC
Authors: Bao Jiading , Lin Zishan , Jing Hui , Feng Huanqin , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Luo Ziqiang
Published: October 2024

In a V2V communication environment, the control of electric vehicle platoons faces issues such as random communication delays, packet loss, and external disturbances, which affect sustainable transportation systems. In order to solve these problems and promote the development of sustainable transportation, a longitudinal control algorithm for the platoon based on robust Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) is designed. First, a longitudinal kinematic model of the vehicle platoon is constructed, and discrete state-space equations are established. The robust UKF algorithm is derived by enhancing the UKF algorithm with Huber-M estimation. This enhanced algorithm is then used to estimate the state information of the leading vehicle. Based on the vehicle state information obtained from the robust UKF estimation, feedback correction and compensation are added to the MPC algorithm to design the robust UKF-MPC longitudinal controller. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified through CarSim/Simulink joint simulation. The simulation results show that in the presence of communication delay and data loss, the robust UKF-MPC controller outperforms the MPC and UKF-MPC controllers in terms of MSE and IAE metrics for vehicle spacing error and acceleration tracking error, and exhibits stronger robustness and stability.
Possible Mechanisms and Strategies for Immune Therapy Resistance in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yuyu Xu , Huiling Shen
Published: October 2024

Gastric cancer has become the cancer with the highest incidence rate in the world.Immunotherapy, especially immune point inhibitors targeting programmed cell death 1（PD-1） or its ligand programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), has become an indispensable part of the clinical treatment of GC. But, only a few of sufferers experience persistent clinical responses during immunotherapy. In this article, we discuss the current mainstream immunotherapy methods for gastric cancer, introduce the mechanisms that lead to immunotherapy resistance, potential biomarkers that can forecast the occurrence of immunotherapy resistance, and measures to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Structural Decomposition of the Passivity-Based Control System of Wind-Solar Power Generating and Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor Energy Storage Complex
Authors: Shchur Ihor , Lis Marek , Kuzyk Rostyslav-Ivan
Published: October 2024

Wind-solar power generating and hybrid battery-supercapacitor energy storage complex is used for autonomous power supply of consumers in remote areas. This work uses passivity-based control (PBC) for this complex in accordance with the accepted energy management strategy (EMS). Structural and parametric synthesis of the overall PBC system was carried out that was accompanied by a significant amount of research. In order to simplify this synthesis, a structural decomposition of the overall dynamic system of the object, which was described by a system of differential equations of the seventh order, into three subsystems was applied. These subsystems are a wind turbine, a PV plant and a hybrid battery-supercapacitor system. For each of the subsystems, it is quite simple to synthesize the control influence formers, which locally perform the tasks set by the EMS. The results obtained by computer simulation of the overall and decomposed systems demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in simplifying synthesis and debugging procedures of complex multiphysical systems.
Copper Based Graphite Composites and Their Usage as Current Collectors for High Voltage Electric Motors
Authors: Mirea Radu , Ene Razvan , Ene Dragos
Published: October 2024

Current paper is aiming to show the obtained results in manufacturing and characterization of graphite-based and metal composite materials suitable to be used in high voltage application of automotive field. Thus, 4 types of materials have been processed and tested in order to assess their suitability to be used as current collector material for trolleybus. The novelty of this work is the new innovative technological process for obtaining the carbon/metal composite material used in the manufacture of sliding contacts for electrical current collector heads, as well as the character-istics obtained for this material. All 4 obtained materials have been characterized from structural (by optical microscopy), mechanical (density, electrical resistivity, hardness) and functional point of view (wear after 1000 working hours, electric discharge and electric load) and it was determined that the material which uses chemically copper covered graphite is the most suitable of them and has been chosen to be further developed by the end beneficiary.
Research on the Construction of Evaluation System for New Building Industrialization Projects
Authors: Zhang Zhensen , Kang Zhemin
Published: October 2024

Although new industrialized construction technologies have the potential to improve industry performance by optimizing work processes and improving the working environment, the application of these technologies in the construction industry is still in its infancy, and its technical direction is not yet set. This study aims to put forward a theoretical framework for evaluating the level of new-type building industrialization of construction engineering projects, conduct integrated research on the existing domestic and foreign literatures on new-type building industrialization and intelligent construction, preliminarily construct the index system, and determine the evaluation index system of new-type building industrialization projects through the Delphi method. The index weight is determined by the combination of order relation analysis and entropy weight method. The evaluation model is constructed by matter-element theory and cloud model, and the evaluation grade standard is proposed. The research results will help guide the evaluation of new building industrialization projects, and provide a judgment reference for determining the development trend and direction of new building industrialization technologies in the future, and help formulate data-driven industrial policies to promote the adoption of new industrialization technologies and promote the digital transformation of the construction industry.
Association of Inflammasome Gene Expression Levels with Pathogenesis of Familial Mediterranean Fever in Armenians
Authors: Hayrapetyan Varduhi , Karapetyan Lana , Ghukasyan Lilit , Atshemyan Sofi , Ghazaryan Hovsep , Vardanyan Valentina S. , Mukuchyan Vahan , Arakelyan Arsen , Zakharyan Roksana
Published: October 2024

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a genetically determined autoinflammatory disease transmitted by an autosomal recessive mechanism. The cause of the nosology is point mutations of the MEFV (Mediterranean FeVer) gene coding for pyrin protein. Inflammasomes are molecular platforms altered in autoinflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of inflammasome genes (p65, Casp-1, MEFV-d2, MEFV-I, NLRP3) in patients with FMF compared to controls to understand the changes that may play a key role in disease development. We found altered expression levels of the full-length MEFV isoform as well as Casp1 and p65 in FMF patients versus controls. This, once again highlighted the significance of inflammasome genes in terms of FMF.
Survival of Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Cirrhosis - Usefulness of the New LIV-IN Prognostic Score
Authors: Matovic Zaric Vera , Pantic Ivana , Lugonja Sofija , Glisic Tijana , Konjikusic Snezana , Lolic Iva , Baljosevic Nevena , Zgradic Sanja , El Mezeni Jasna , Vojnovic Marko , Brankovic Marija , Milovanovic Tamara M.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Alcohol can directly damage the liver, causing steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer. The aim of this study was to examine 28-day survival in hospitalized patients with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) cirrhosis, as well as to develop and validate a new survival prediction model. Methods: A total of 145 patients with ALD cirrhosis were included, 107 were diagnosed with acute decompensation (AD) and 38 with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). The new LIV-IN (LIVer mortality INpatients) score was calculated using the following variables: hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), ascites, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), community-acquired infection (CAI), and fibrinogen. The diagnostic accuracy of the LIV-IN score, as well as Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), Model for end-stage liver disease-Sodium (MELD-Na), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI), Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Chronic Liver Failure Consortium-C acute decompensation (CLIF-C AD), Chronic Liver Failure Consortium- acute-on-chronic liver failure (CLIF-C ACLF) was tested. Results: Lethal outcome occurred in 46 (31.7%) patients. The mortality rate was higher in the ACLF group (n=22, 57.9%) compared to the AD group (n=24, 22.4%) (p<0.01). The highest predictive power for short-term mortality was observed for the LIV-IN score (AUC 73.4%, p<0.01). In patients with AD, the diagnostic accuracy of the CLIF-C AD score was better than for the LIV-IN score (AUC 0.699; p=0.004, AUC 0.686; p=0.007, respectively). In patients with ACLF, only the LIV-IN score had statistically significant discriminative power in predicting 28-day survival. Conclusion: LIVer mortality Inpatients prognostic score is a new, reliable prognostic model in predicting 28-day mortality.
The Impact of Early Rehabilitation Training Based on Developmental Sequencing on the Growth and Development of Late Preterm Infants
Authors: Yue Yuangeng , Yang Bo , Zhao Lijun , Yang Na , Zhao Keyi , Yang Yuyan
Published: October 2024

Objective: To analyze and investigate the impact of early rehabilitation training based on developmental sequencing on the growth and development of late preterm infants. Methods: This study focused on preterm infants admitted to our hospital from June 2021 to November 2021. Strict screening was applied to select 54 cases for inclusion. Clinical data were collected for all study subjects, and based on different intervention plans, they were divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 27 cases in each group. The experimental group received intervention based on a developmental sequencing early rehabilitation model in addition to routine care, while the control group only received routine care intervention. The growth and development of the two groups of preterm infants were compared during the study, including physical indicators, intellectual-motor skills, neurobehavioral assessments, and developmental monitoring. Results: The clinical data of the two groups of preterm infants were comparable, with no significant differences (P>0.05). The experimental group exhibited significantly higher values in physical indicators such as weight, head circumference, and height compared to the control group (P<0.05). Intellectual-motor scores (MDI and PDI) of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The NBNA scale scores for various dimensions were higher in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.05). The DQ values of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Early rehabilitation training based on developmental sequencing has a positive impact on the growth and development of late preterm infants. Through systematic and sequenced rehabilitation interventions, various aspects of development in late preterm infants can be promoted effectively. This approach not only improves physical development but also enhances intellectual-motor skills, neurobehavioral development, and overall developmental levels. The results are significant, indicating the worthiness of widespread application and promotion.
Detection of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Infestation in Soybean via Hyperspectral Imaging and Data Analysis
Authors: Thomas Stefan , Varga Leon Amadeus , Harter Nico , Zell Andreas , Voegele Ralf Thomas
Published: October 2024

Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causative agent of the Asian Soybean Rust, is one of the most prominent causes of yield loss in soybean production worldwide. In this study, a combination of hyperspectral imaging with advanced data analysis methodology is shown to accurately detect soybean rust symptoms in early stages and differentiate them from other factors at leaf scale. Data analysis was performed with neural networks based on training data from a small subset of the respective experiments and compared with classical machine learning methods for its accuracy and early disease detection capabilities. Results show that even with a comparably small subset of training data the analysis through neural networks can outperform classical machine learning methods in a complex dataset with high variability in the designated classes. In two separate experiments it was possible to accurately detect disease in inoculated leaves before symptoms were visible to the human eye. These results do not only show the potential of this methodology for precision farming applications, but also allow accurate and objective assessment of symptom severity and development for scientific studies and resistance breeding.
Synthesis and Study of Sorption Properties of Zinc-Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Zhakina Alma Khassenovna , Vassilets Yevgeniy Petrovich , Arnt Oxana Vasilievna , Zhakin Almat Maulenuly
Published: October 2024

Imprinted polymers with imprints of Zn2+ ions (ZnIP) and reference polymers without imprints (NIP) were synthesized based on humic and methacrylic acids. Comparative studies of the physical parameters of ZnIP and NIP were carried out using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Kinetic parameters of Zn2+ ion sorption on ZnIP and NIP were determined. It was found that the sorption kinetics on both ZnIP and NIP are approximated by a pseudo-first-order equation. The sorption rate constant for ZnIP is higher than that of NIP, indicating a higher adsorption rate of Zn2+ ions onto the surface of ZnIP. This may be due to more accessible sites on ZnIP. Adsorption of Zn2+ ions is best described by the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. The Langmuir model also shows that ZnIP is effective at low adsorbate concentrations. The Freundlich model describes the adsorption with less accuracy, which may indicate monolayer adsorption and less surface homogeneity. ZnIP shows better adsorption capacity and higher efficiency compared to NIP and can be proposed as a selective sorption material for Zn2+ ions.
Thermal and Sono – Aqueous Reforming of Alcohols for Sustainable Hydrogen Production
Authors: Kee Choon Wee , Zheng Jia'E , Yap Wei Jie , Ou Yong Roy , Liu Yan
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen is a clean-burning fuel with water as its only by-product, yet its widespread adoption is hampered by logistical challenges. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers, such as alcohols from sustainable sources, can be converted to hydrogen through aqueous phase reforming (APR), a promising technology that bypasses the energy-intensive vaporization of feedstocks. However, the hydrothermal conditions of APR pose significant challenges to catalyst stability, which is crucial for its industrial deployment. This review focuses on the stability of catalysts in APR, particularly in sustaining hydrogen production over extended durations or multiple reaction cycles. Additionally, we explore the potential of ultrasound-assisted APR, where sonolysis enables hydrogen production without external heating. Although the technological readiness of ultrasound-assisted APR currently trails behind thermal APR, the development of catalysts optimized for ultrasound use may unlock new possibilities in the efficient hydrogen production from alcohols.
BODIPY Compounds Substituted on Boron
Authors: Bogomolec Marko , Glavaš Mladena , Škorić Irena
Published: October 2024

BODIPY compounds are important organic dyes with exceptional spectral and photophysical properties and numerous applications in different scientific fields. Their widespread applications have flourished due to their easy structural modifications, which enable preparation of different molecular structures with tunable spectral and photophysical properties. To date researchers mostly devoted efforts to modify BODIPY meso-position or pyrrole rings, whereas substitution of fluorine atoms remained not widely explored. However, chemistry on the boron atom is possible, and it enables tuning of photophysical properties of the dyes, without tackling their spectral properties. Furthermore, modifications on boron affect solubility and aggregation propensity of the molecules. This review article highlights methods for the preparation of B-substituted compounds and the most important reactions on the boron of the BODIPY dyes. They were divided into reactions promoted by Lewis acid (AlCl3, or BCl3), or bases such as alkoxides and organometallic reagents. By use of these two methodologies it is possible to clave B-F bonds and substitute them with B-C, B-N, or B-O bonds from different nucleophiles. A special emphasis in this review is given to still underdeveloped photochemical reactions on the boron atom of BODIPY dyes. These reactions have potential to be used in the development of a new line of BODIPY photo-cleavable protective groups (also known as photocages) with bio-medicinal and photo-pharmacological applications, such as drug delivery.
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Up-Regulated Factor (PAUF) Transforms Human Monocytes into Alternative M2 Macrophages with Immunosuppressive Action
Authors: Kim Yeon Jeong , Nanda Sitansu Sekhar , Pyo Seung Yeon , Han Jin-Yeong , Kang Tae Heung , Jiang Fen , Koh Sang Seok
Published: October 2024

Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) promote immune evasion, cancer cell proliferation, and metastasis. Ongoing research is focused on finding ways to prevent tumor growth by inhibiting TAM polarization, which has shown a correlation with unfavorable prognosis in clinical studies. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF) is a protein secreted from pancreatic cancer (PC) and acts as a TME modulator that affects the TME by acting on not only cancer cells but also stromal cells and immune cells. Tumor cells can evade the immune system by PAUF binding to Toll-like receptor (TLR) in monocytes, as this research shows. In this study, the examination centered around the recruitment of human monocytes by PAUF and the subsequent differentiation into macrophages. In an in vitro chemotaxis assay, PAUF induced chemotactic migration of TLR2-mediated monocytes. In addition, PAUF induced differentiation of monocytes into M2 macrophages, which was verified based on expressing surface markers and cytokines and morphological analysis. The inhibition of T cell proliferation and function was observed in differentiated M2 macrophages. To conclude, these findings indicate that PAUF functions as a promoter of cancer progression by regulating the recruitment and differentiation of macrophages within TMEs, ultimately causing immunosuppression.
Hydrogen Combustion in ICE, Simulation of Optical Engines, Blow-By and Thermal Losses
Authors: Flesch Evelyn , Glocker Erik , Prager Maximilian , Jaensch Malte
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen combustion in internal combustion engines is a strongly awaited technology on the way to carbon neutrality, but still with major challenges to takle. There are plenty of combustion anomalies like preignition, backfire, knock and lube oil ignition that come along with the technology, hence not yet controllable. To gain more knowledge about their origin, optical engines and CFD simulations are well established methods to investigate and develop knew combustion processes. Hydrogen’s wide flammability range and its short quenching distance bring new challenges. However, optical engines give the best insight into the real combustion behavior. Therefore, their understanding and proper modeling in the simulation is of great importance to calibrate the simulation models accurately. For optical engines there are diverging opinions on how to deal with their blow-by losses. Due to their lack of oil different sealing mechanisms exist and those seem to be crucial for the question on how or wether the blow-by has to be modelled. proposed a numerical multi-zone blow-by model whereas the opinion at is to neglect those losses.
Factors Affecting Awassi Sheep Weight and Breeding Strategies in Arid Environments
Authors: Al-Najjar Khaled , Al yasin Abdulmounem O. , Alshdaifat Mustafa M. , Dayoub Moammar , Raheem Dele
Published: October 2024

This research provides an in-depth analysis of the effectiveness of sheep farming, with a particular focus on the Awassi breed in the harsh environments of the Middle East. Investigations were conducted at the Fjaj sheep station in Jordan, with emphasis on how various factors, including lambing type, lamb sex, parity, age at lambing, and the ram affect the weight characteristics of 2,263 records. Advanced statistical models, both fixed and mixed were employed to estimate genetic and breeding values, particularly in relation to the number of lambs per ram. The findings underscore the crucial role that both genetic and environmental factors play towards improving weigh traits and overall flock performance. Similar strategies may be effective in other breeds and in other regions with diverse environmental conditions. The study concludes that when farmers prioritize selective breeding and environmental management they can significantly enhance weight traits, boost profitability, and achieve sustainable economic success in sheep farming.
Leadership Development in Iraqi Universities for the Fourth Industrial Revolution and AI Integration
Authors: Jubouri Hassan Abed Ali Alwan
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancements in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and artificial intelligence (AI) necessitate a transformative approach to leadership in higher education. This paper investigates the current state of leadership in Iraqi universities and proposes strategies to enhance leadership capabilities aligned with technological advancements. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, qualitative analysis, and quantitative data collection, the study identifies key challenges and opportunities for developing effective university leadership. The findings underscore the importance of strategic human resource management, high-performance work systems, and technological integration in fostering leadership excellence. Practical recommendations for policymakers and educational leaders in Iraq are provided, highlighting the need for strategic investments in leadership development to meet the demands of the evolving educational landscape.
The Road to Recovery: A Two-Year Longitudinal Analysis of Mental Health Among University Students During and After the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Allen Rosie , Hochard Kevin , Kannangara Chathurika , Carson Jerome
Published: October 2024

Longitudinal research into the impact of Covid-19 on university student mental health beyond the pandemic is lacking. This study aims to address the gap in the literature by tracking the mental health of university students over a two-year period, spanning the Covid-19 pandemic and its aftermath. A two-year longitudinal study surveyed a sample of university students (n=302) three times between May 2020 and May 2022. Students’ psychological distress, generalised anxiety, flourishing, and personal wellbeing were assessed at each time point. It was found that students’ psychological distress levels spiked during the first year of the pandemic, but reverted back to baseline levels at two-year follow-up. While generalised anxiety gradually improved, both their psychological distress and generalised anxiety remained considerably worse than pre-pandemic norms. Students’ flourishing scores remained very low, while their life satisfaction and state happiness improved slightly between May 2021 and May 2022. These findings clearly demonstrate that students’ mental health is still in crisis, even after the Covid-19 pandemic. More needs to be done to support students beyond the pandemic generally, including this particularly unique cohort of students who endured unprecedented challenges for prolonged periods, and are now transitioning into the working world. Practical implications and recommendations are discussed.
Polymers for Ceramics and Their Use in Ecological Construction Materials
Authors: Ioana Adrian , Labes (Craciun) Diana Cristina , Constantin Nicolae , Semenescu Augustin , Florea Bogdan , Luta (Manolescu) Daniela Alice , Istrate Alexandra , Canuta (Bucuroiu) Ionela Luminita
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the efficiency of biodegradable polyurethane foams as thermal insulation materials compared to conventional materials like expanded polystyrene (EPS). Key parameters analyzed include thermal conductivity, energy savings, CO2 emission reductions, and investment payback periods. Biodegradable polyurethane foams demonstrated a thermal conductivity of 0.022 W/(m·K), significantly lower than EPS's 0.035 W/(m·K), leading to higher energy savings. Calcu-lations reveal an annual energy saving of 443,820 kWh for polyurethane foams, compared to 441,330 kWh for EPS. Financially, polyurethane foams save approximately €53,258.4 annually, while EPS saves €52,959.6. In terms of environmental impact, polyurethane foams reduce CO2 emissions by 88,764 kg annually, versus 88,266 kg for EPS. Despite the higher initial cost of pol-yurethane foams (€50/m² compared to €30/m² for EPS), the payback period is remarkably short at 0.094 years (1.13 months) compared to EPS's 0.057 years (0.68 months). These findings highlight biodegradable polyurethane foams as a superior option for thermal insulation, offering significant energy, financial, and environmental benefits.
Inclusive Maritime Spatial Planning: Stakes at the Regional Level
Authors: Papageorgiou Marilena , Pozoukidou Georgia , Istoriou Theodora , Kostopoulou Theoni
Published: October 2024

The paper focuses on the Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) and the importance of incorporating participatory democracy and inclusivity, from a region-wise perspective. Traditionally MSP is a top-down central government process. Most responsibilities, competencies and jurisdiction lie at the national level, with limited input from local or regional stakeholders. However, the growing complexity of marine activities and the need for sustainable management of marine environment re-quires more inclusive and collaborative approaches. Drawing on the REGINA-MSP project, the paper explores how regional stakeholders can be more effectively engaged in MSP processes. The project, co-funded by the EU/EMFF, aims to consolidate MSP in the member states, through the strengthening of the role of regions and regional stakeholders. It does so, by applying a 3-step methodology, using tools like stakeholder database and ranking, interest-influence matrices and questionnaires. The paper emphasizes that achieving inclusivity in MSP at the regional level is highly associated with involving all relevant stakeholders. The paper identifies seven categories of regional stakeholders. Among them fishers are the ones having the lowest level of engagement and degree of representativeness in the MSP process, despite being among the most traditional marine users, and by association the more experienced holders of citizen science. Regarding regions and regional authorities (NUTS 2), they may also be considered as “outsiders” in the -nationally driven- MSP process, although this can be reversed, using regional and cross-regional Communities of Practice. In conclusion, the paper highlights the value of participatory democracy in MSP, and the importance to go regional and explore a more bottom-up approach that works in favor of advanced participatory democracy and inclusiveness in terms of stakeholders. The REGINA-MSP project provides valuable insights into how this can be achieved through a structured stakeholder engagement and the development of Communities of Practice.