bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Printing Endobronchial Models for Surgical Training and Simulation
Authors: Zhao Zhuo , Xu Sheng , Wood Bradford J. , Tse Zion Tsz Ho
Published: November 2018

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Many methods and devices help acquire more accurate clinical and localization information during lung interventions and may impact the death rate for lung cancer. However, there is a learning curve for operating these tools due to the complex structure of the airway. In this study, we first discuss the creation of a lung phantom model from medical images, which is followed by a comparison of 3D printing in terms of quality and consistency. Two tests were conducted to test the performance of the developed phantom, which was designed for training simulations of the target and ablation processes in endochonchial interventions. The target test was conducted through an electromagnetic tracking catheter with navigation software. An ablation catheter with a recently developed thermochromic ablation gel conducted the ablation test. The results of two tests show that the phantom was very useful for target and ablation simulation. In addition, the thermochromic gel allowed doctors to visualize the ablation zone. Many lung interventions may benefit from custom training or accuracy with the proposed low-cost and patient-specific phantom.
N-[4-(1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,4′-bipyridin-2′-yl]benzene-1,4-diamine
Authors: Zinad Dhafer , AL-Duhaidahaw Dunya , Al-Amiery Ahmed , Kadhum Abdul
Published: November 2018

N-[4-(1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,4′-bipyridin-2′-yl]benzene-1,4-diamine was synthesized with a good yield by the reaction of 2′-chloro-4-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,4′-bipyridine with 4-phenylenediamine. The functionalization of the pyridine was accomplished by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction that afforded the target compound. The synthesized compound was characterized by chemical analysis, which includes nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), Thin Layer Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TLC-MS), high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and elemental analysis.
Controlled Synthesis and Microstructure of Metastable Flower-Like Vaterite
Authors: Guan Yebin , Wang Xiaohong , Cao Weicheng , Zhou Gentao
Published: November 2018

Developing a simple morphology-controlled synthesis of metastable vaterite is a goal in the field of materials research. In this paper, we successfully synthesized flower-like dendritic vaterite crystals using a microwave method with 2-naphthaleneacetic acid (2-NAA) and ethylene glycol (EG) as the regulating additives. The results show that the morphology of vaterite could be regulated by inducing a monolayer or multilayer flower-like structure with the appropriate choice of regulators. Interestingly, the microstructure analysis showed that such flower-like vaterite dendrites host two different kinds of crystal cells. The negative carbonate 2-NAA effectively neutralized the charge of the vaterite (001) plane, resulting in the crystalline growth along the direction parallel to it and inducing a flower-like morphology. This experiment reveals an alternative approach to controlling hierarchical structures during the synthesis of similar classes of minerals.
Omega-3 Monoacylglyceride Effects on Longevity, Mitochondrial Metabolism and Oxidative Stress: Insights from Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Champigny Camille M. , Cormier Robert P. J. , Simard Chloé J. , St-Coeur Patrick-Denis , Fortin Samuel , Pichaud Nicolas
Published: November 2018

During the last decade, essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derived from marine sources have been investigated as nonpharmacological dietary supplements to improve different pathological conditions, as well as aging. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary n-3 PUFA monoacylglycerides (MAG, both EPA and DHA) on the mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress of a short-lifespan model, Drosophila melanogaster, sampled at five different ages. Our results showed that diets supplemented with MAG-EPA and MAG-DHA increased median lifespan by 14.6% and decreased mitochondrial proton leak resulting in an increase of mitochondrial coupling. The flies fed on MAG-EPA also had higher electron transport system capacity and mitochondrial oxidative capacities. Moreover, both n-3 PUFAs delayed the occurrence of lipid peroxidation but only flies fed the MAG-EPA diet showed maintenance of superoxide dismutase activity during aging. Our study therefore highlights the potential of n-3 PUFA monoacylglycerides as nutraceutical compounds to delay the onset of senescence by acting directly or indirectly on the mitochondrial metabolism and suggests that Drosophila could be a relevant model for the study of the fundamental mechanisms linking the effects of n-3 PUFAs to aging.
Modulation of the CCR6-CCL20 Axis: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Inflammation and Cancer
Authors: Ranasinghe Ranmali , Eri Rajaraman
Published: November 2018

Prototypical functions of the chemokine receptor CCR6 include immune regulation by maneuvering cell chemotaxis and selective delimiting of the pro-inflammatory TH17 and regulatory Treg subsets during chronic or acute systemic inflammation. Inhibition of CCR6 is proposed to attenuate disease symptoms and promote recuperation of multiple inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Prescription medicines with pharmacodynamics involving the inhibition of the chemokine axis CCR6–CCL20 are very limited. The development of such therapeutics is still at an early experimental stage and has mostly involved the utilization of pre-clinical models and neutralizing mono or polyclonal antibodies against either partner (CCR6 or CCL20). Other methods include the constitutive use of small molecules as peptide inhibitors or small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) to interfere with transcription at the nuclear level. In our review, we aim to introduce the wide array of potential CCR6–CCL20 inhibitors with an emphasis on attendant immune-modulator capacity that have been tested in the research field to date and are immensely promising compounds as forerunners of future curatives. Sixteen different tractable inhibitors of the CCR6–CCL20 duo have been identified as possessing high medicinal potential by drug developers worldwide to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as shown in Figure 1. A multitude of antibody preparations are already available in the current pharmaceutical market as patented treatments for diseases in which the CCR6–CCL20 axis is operative, yet they must be used only as supplements with existing routinely prescribed medication as they collectively produce adverse side effects. Novel inhibitors are needed to evaluate this invaluable therapeutic target which holds much promise in the research and development of complaisant remedies for inflammatory diseases.
Adaptive Micromixer Based on the Solutocapillary Marangoni Effect in a Continuous-Flow Microreactor
Authors: Bratsun Dmitry , Kostarev Konstantin , Mizev Alexey , Aland Sebastian , Mokbel Marcel , Schwarzenberger Karin , Eckert Kerstin
Published: November 2018

Continuous-flow microreactors are an important development in chemical engineering technology, since pharmaceutical production needs flexibility in reconfiguring the synthesis system rather than large volumes of product yield. Microreactors of this type have a special vessel, in which the convective vortices are organized to mix the reagents to increase the product output. We propose a new type of micromixer based on the intensive relaxation oscillations induced by a fundamental effect discovered recently. The mechanism of these oscillations was found to be a coupling of the solutal Marangoni effect, buoyancy and diffusion. The phenomenon can be observed in the vicinity of an air–liquid (or liquid–liquid) interface with inhomogeneous concentration of a surface-active solute. Important features of the oscillations are demonstrated experimentally and numerically. The periodicity of the oscillations is a result of the repeated regeneration of the Marangoni driving force. This feature is used in our design of a micromixer with a single air bubble inside the reaction zone. We show that the micromixer does not consume external energy and adapts to the medium state due to feedback. It switches on automatically each time when a concentration inhomogeneity in the reaction zone occurs, and stops mixing when the solution becomes sufficiently uniform.
Descriptive Study of the Different Tools Used to Evaluate the Adherence to a Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease Patients
Authors: Rodrigo Luis , Pérez-Martinez Isabel , Lauret-Braña Eugenia , Suárez-González Adolfo
Published: November 2018

Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically conditioned autoimmune process that appears in susceptible people. It can affect people of any age, and slightly predominates in females. It has a fairly homogenous global distribution, with an average prevalence of 1–2%, the frequency having increased in recent decades. The only effective treatment is a strict and permanent gluten-free diet (GFD), although the level of compliance is poor, at about 50% of cases. To monitor the effectiveness of the GFD, several procedures involving various approaches are employed: (a) Periodic visits by expert Nutritionists; (b) Clinical follow-up; (c) Serological time controls of specific antibodies; (d) Serial endoscopies with collection of duodenal biopsies; (e) Use of structured questionnaires; and (f) Determination of gluten peptides derived from gluten in faeces and/or urine. All of these procedures are useful when applied, alone or in combination, depending on the cases. Some patients will only need to consult to their doctors, while others will require a multidisciplinary approach to assess their compliance with the GFD. In children, normalization of duodenal mucosa was achieved in 95% of cases within two years, while it is more delayed in adults, whose mucosa take longer time (3–5 years) to heal completely.
Testosterone-Associated Dietary Pattern Predicts Low Testosterone Levels and Hypogonadism
Authors: Hu Tzu-Yu , Chen Yi Chun , Lin Pei , Shih Chun-Kuang , Bai Chyi-Huey , Yuan Kuo-Ching , Lee Shin-Yng , Chang Jung-Su
Published: November 2018

Obesity and low serum testosterone (T) levels are interrelated and strongly influenced by dietary factors, and their alteration entails a great risk of hypogonadism. Substantial evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between nutrient metabolism (e.g., glucose, lipids, and iron) and T levels in men; however, T-related dietary patterns remain unclear. This study investigated the dietary patterns associated with serum total T levels and its predictive effect on hypogonadism and the body composition. Anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and food frequency questionnaires were collected for 125 adult men. Dietary patterns were derived using a reduced rank regression from 32 food groups. Overall prevalence rates of central obesity and hypogonadism were 48.0% and 15.7%, respectively. An adjusted linear regression showed that age, insulin, red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, and transferrin saturation independently predicted serum total T levels (all p < 0.01). The total T-related dietary pattern (a high consumption of bread and pastries, dairy products, and desserts, eating out, and a low intake of homemade foods, noodles, and dark green vegetables) independently predicted hypogonadism (odds ratio: 5.72; 95% confidence interval: 1.11‒29.51, p < 0.05) for those with the highest dietary pattern scores (Q4) compared to those with the lowest (Q1). Scores were also negatively correlated with the skeletal muscle mass (p for trend = 0.002) but positively correlated with the total body fat mass (p for trend = 0.002), visceral fat mass (p for trend = 0.001), and to a lesser extent, subcutaneous fat mass (p for trend = 0.035) after adjusting for age. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm that improvement in dietary pattern can improve T levels and reduce hypogonadism.
New Insight into the Influence of Rhamnolipid Bio-Surfactant on the Carbonate Rock/Water/Oil Interaction at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Rezaei Gomari Sina , Elyasi Gomari Kamal , Islam Meez , Hughes David
Published: November 2018

Tertiary recovery is directly dependent on the alteration in wettability and interfacial tension (IFT), hence releasing the trapped oil from rock pore spaces. Bio-surfactant water flooding to mobilise residual oil in reservoirs is a new and developing prospect that can be used more often in future due to its environmentally friendly nature and economic advantages. In this work, the impact of rhamnolipids as water soluble bio-surfactant solutions on the interfacial activities of saline water and the wettability of carbonate rock are studied at elevated temperature. The effectiveness of the bio-surfactant as a rock wettability modifier is analysed in the presence of different salinities, in particular SO42− ions. The reason for the focus on SO42− is its high affinity towards calcite surfaces, and hence its ability to intervene strongly on bio-surfactant performance. To achieve the objectives of this study, the oil-wet calcite samples at elevated temperature were put through a washing process that included bio-surfactant solutions in seawater at various concentrations of sodium sulphate ions, where the measurement of the contact angles of each sample after treatment and the IFT between the oil model and the washing solutions were taken. The obtained results illustrated that bio-surfactants (rhamnolipids) with incremental concentrations of SO42− ions in sea water (up to three times higher than the original ion concentration) can lower the IFT, and assessed changing the rocks towards greater water-wettability. This study reveals that the alteration of SO42− ions had a greater impact on the wettability alteration, whereas rhamnolipids were better at reducing the IFT between the oil phase and the aqueous phase. This study also looked at temperatures of 50 °C and 70 °C, which demonstrated undesired influences on the wettability and IFT. Bio-surfactants at high temperature showed less interfacial activity, thus indicating that rhamnolipids are not active at high temperatures, while the addition of SO42− shows a continuous decrease in the contact angle and IFT measurements at high temperature.
What Rainfall Does Not Tell Us—Enhancing Financial Instruments with Satellite-Derived Soil Moisture and Evaporative Stress
Authors: Enenkel Markus , Farah Carlos , Hain Christopher , White Andrew , Anderson Martha , You Liangzhi , Wagner Wolfgang , Osgood Daniel
Published: November 2018

Advanced parametric financial instruments, like weather index insurance (WII) and risk contingency credit (RCC), support disaster-risk management and reduction in the world’s most disaster-prone regions. Simultaneously, satellite data that are capable of cross-checking rainfall estimates, the “standard dataset” to develop such financial safety nets, are gaining importance as complementary sources of information. This study concentrates on the analysis of satellite-derived multi-sensor soil moisture (ESA CCI, Version v04.2), the evapotranspiration-based Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), and CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data) rainfall estimates in nine East African countries. Based on spatial correlation analysis, we found matching spatial/temporal patterns between all three datasets, with the highest correlation coefficient occurring between October and March. In large parts of Kenya, Ethiopia, and Somalia, we observed a lower (partly negative) correlation coefficient between June and August, which was likely caused by issues related to cloud cover and the volume scattering of microwaves in sandy, hot soils. Based on simple linear and logit regression analysis with annual, national maize yield estimates as the dependent variable, we found that, depending on the chosen period (averages per year, growing or harvesting months), there was added value (higher R-squared) if two or all three variables were combined. The ESI and soil moisture have the potential to close sensitive knowledge gaps between atmospheric moisture supply and the response of the land surface in operational parametric insurance projects. For the development and calibration of WII and RCC, this means that better proxies for historical and potential future drought impact can strengthen “drought narratives”, resulting in a better match between calculated payouts/credit repayment levels and the actual needs of smallholder farmers.
Correction: Bishop, H. et al. Driving among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Safety 2018, 4, 40
Authors: Bishop Haley , Boe Logan , Stavrinos Despina , Mirman Jessica
Published: November 2018

The published version of the paper [...]
The Moderating Effect of Social Innovation in Perspectives of Shared Value Creation in the Educational Sector of Ghana
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Sadick Mohammed Abubakari , Musah Abdul-Aziz Ibn , Mustapha Salisu
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a survey study of how social innovation moderates social and economic value from the perspective of shared value creation. Specifically, the study addresses the following questions: Does economic value lead to social value creation in shared value creation? Does social innovation moderate social and economic value in the creation of shared value? The questions are addressed through an empirical investigation of 250 social enterprise organizations that apply social objectives and a market-based approach to attain social and economic goals in Ghana. The study used SmartPLS software version 3.0 to evaluate the data collected. The results indicated that economic value influences the creation of social value in shared value creation. Study results also revealed that social innovation is a driver of shared value creation via social value in the educational sector of Ghana. However, social innovation could not play a moderating role in economic value to shared value creation.
Geometrical Information Flow Regulated by Time Lengths: An Initial Approach
Authors: Roberto Telles Charles
Published: November 2018

The article analyzes Bernoulli’s binary sequences in the representation of empirical events about water usage and continuous expenditure systems. The main purpose is to identify among variables that constitute water resources consumption at public schools, the link between consumption and expenditures oscillations. It was obtained a theoretical model of how oscillations patterns are originated and how time lengths have an important role over expenditures oscillations ergodicity and non-ergodicity.
Application of Multiple Approaches to Investigate the Hydrochemistry Evolution of Groundwater in an Arid Region: Nomhon, Northwestern China
Authors: Yang Nuan , Wang Guangcai , Shi Zheming , Zhao Dan , Jiang Wanjun , Guo Liang , Liao Fu , Zhou Pengpeng
Published: November 2018

Groundwater is a critical water resource for human survival and economic development in arid and semi-arid areas. It is crucial to understand the groundwater circulation and hydrochemical evolution for sustainable management and utilization of groundwater resources in those areas. To this end, an investigation of the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater was conducted in Nomhon, an arid area located in the Qaidam Basin, northwest China, by using hydrochemical (major and trace elements) and stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) approaches. Stable isotopes and ion ratios were analyzed to determine the recharge sources, hydrochemistry characteristics, and major hydrogeochemical processes. Meanwhile, inverse geochemistry modeling was applied to quantitatively determine the mass transfer of hydrogeochemical processes. The results showed that groundwater in the study area is mainly recharged by atmospheric precipitation in mountainous areas, and the groundwater in the center of basin might originate from ancient water in cold and humid environments. Along the groundwater flow path, the TDS of groundwater increased gradually from fresh to salty (ranging from 462.50 to 19,604.40 mg/L), and the hydrochemical type changed from Cl·HCO3–Na·Mg·Ca to Cl–Na. Groundwater chemical composition and mass balance modeling results indicated that from alluvial fan to lacustrine plain, the main hydrogeochemical processes changed from the dissolution of halite and albite and the precipitation of dolomite and kaolinite to the dissolution of halite and gypsum, precipitation of calcite, redox (SO42− reduction), and cation exchange. This study would be helpful for water resources management in this area and other similar areas.
Drought Vulnerability Indices in Mexico
Authors: Ortega-Gaucin David , De la Cruz Bartolón Jesús , Castellano Bahena Heidy V.
Published: November 2018

Drought is one of the most harmful hydro climatic threats to society. Mexico has been historically affected by recurring and long-lasting droughts that have severely impacted society and the economy. Consequently, public programs and policies have been developed in order to reduce the country’s vulnerability to drought, hence the importance of identifying the spatial distribution and the dimension—even in relative terms only—of vulnerability in different regions from social, economic, and environmental perspectives. This article presents a method for obtaining indices and maps of vulnerability to drought in Mexico; indices and maps are based on a set of socioeconomic and environmental indicators that the method combines using an objective analytic procedure that identifies the most vulnerable states and municipalities from social, economic, and environmental perspectives, all of which converge in overall vulnerability to drought. The results obtained indicate that 38.9% of total Mexican population inhabits municipalities with high and very high degrees of overall vulnerability to drought. For this reason, it is necessary to continue implementing actions and preventive and mitigation strategies via public policies and social programs aimed at decreasing the country’s vulnerability to the occurrence of drought events. This is the only way to facilitate the necessary conditions to reduce the impact of drought and to decrease people’s vulnerability to this phenomenon.
Contribution à la Minéralogie des sulfates de fer hydratés
Authors: Cesbron Fabien
Published: November 2018

Un certain nombre de sulfates de fer ont été étudiés ici, ce sont : la kornélite Fe₄(SO₄)₆ 15H₂O, la coquimbite Fe₂(SO₄)₃ 9H₂O et la quenstedtite Fe₂(SO₄)₃ 10H₂O pour la série Fe₂(SO₄)₃ x H₂O. Puis la butlérite et la parabutlérite Fe(SO₄) (OH) 2H₂O, l'amarantite Fe(SO₄)(OH) 3H₂O, la hohmannite Fe₂(SO₄)₂(OH)₂ 7H₂O et la fibroferrite Fe(SO₄)(OH) 5H₂O pour la série Fe(SO₄)(OH) x H₂O. Enfin la ferrinatrite Na₃Fe(SO₄)₃ 3H₂O, la sidéronatrite Na₂Fe(SO₄)₂(OH) 3H₂O et le botryogène MgFe(SO₄)₂(OH) 7H₂O.

La maille de la plupart de ces espèces est précisée, les diagrammes de poudre sont donnés et certains indicés, de nouvelles analyses chimiques ont été effectuées. Enfin le comportement thermique de ces minéraux a été étudié à l'aide des méthodes d'analyse thermique différentielle et thermopondérale.
L'activation neutronique en géochimie : méthode de dosage de Ta, Th, Co et Sc
Authors: Schiltz J.-C. , Coquema C.
Published: November 2018

Parmi les méthodes de dosage des oligo-éléments, utilisées par le Service de Minéralogie du Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique nous présentons un mode opératoire utilisant l'activation neutronique et la chromatographie sur papier concernant les quatre éléments Ta, Th, Co et Sc. Ces méthodes commencent à être utilisés pour des analyses de routine.
Ariégites et éclogites
Authors: Ravier Jean
Published: November 2018

Les échantillons choisis comme types d'éclogites par H. S. Yoder et C. E. Tilley (1962) n'ont pas, tous, des conditions de gisement et des caractères minéralogiques et chimiques semblables. En fait, ils appartiennent à deux familles pétrographiques distinctes : trois d'entre eux sont bien des éclogites mais le quatrième est une ariégite. Il convient, en effet, de séparer nettement ces deux sortes de roches qui diffèrent à bien des égards : les éclogites sont des roches métamorphiques qui ont subi une évolution crustale ; elles sont roches mères possibles de magmas basaltiques, d'après H. S. Yoder et C. E. Tilley, mais elles dérivent, elles-mêmes, par métamorphisme, de formations antérieures sans doute basaltiques. Les ariégites, au contraire, sont des roches éruptives qui apparaissent soit en enclaves dans des formations volcaniques, soit en lits dans des péridotites, telles les lherzolites des Pyrénées ; on peut les considérer, avec les péridotites qui leur sont associées, comme des témoins inchangés du manteau supérieur ; peut-être représentent˗elles ainsi une source primitive de certains basaltes, particulièrement des basaltes alcalins.
Ordre et spectroscopie vibrationnelle de silicates
Authors: Piriou Bernard , McMillan Paul Francis
Published: November 2018

Dans une structuré vitreuse l'absence de la symétrie de translation exclut les phénomènes d'interférence et la cohérence de vibrations délocalisées (phonons). Nous rappelons le rôle primordial des symétries à moyenne et courte distance sur le dénombrement et la nature des modes de vibrations des phases cristallines. Bien que dans un verre silicaté le degré de localisation des vibrations ne soit pas clairement dégagé, les spectres infrarouges et Raman permettent de caractériser le degré de polymérisation des espèces présentes. Dans les verres aluminosilicatés formant un réseau complètement polymérisé, les modes hautes fréquences semblent localisés au sein des groupements tétraédriques silicatés, qui se distinguent entre eux par leur environnement aluminé.
Water-like transport property anomalies in liquid silicates investigated at high T and P by computer simulation techniques
Authors: Angell C. Austen , Cheeseman Philip , Tamaddon Sina
Published: November 2018

En utilisant un programme de simulation à l'ordinateur de dynamique des ions à plusieurs composants, nous avons étudié l'effet de la pression sur la structure du liquide et sur la dynamique de diffusion des solutions binaires Na2-SiO2, et de jadéite NaAlSi2O6. Cette étude a été réalisée principalement à 6 000 K, température à laquelle le processus de transport est suffisamment rapide pour que des résultats utiles puissent être obtenus par des calculs non prohibitifs. Dans la jadéite liquide, l'augmentation de pression entraîne une nette augmentation de la diffusivité D des ions aluminium, silicium et oxygène, ce qui est en accord avec la viscosité de ce liquide mesurée à haute pression et rappelle l'anomalie familière de l'eau. Poursuivant ce parallélisme, on trouve un maximum pour D, impliquant un minimum pour la viscosité, mais seulement au voisinage de 300 kilobars. Pour les ions Na+ au contraire, le coefficient de pression est nettement négatif, ce qui confirme que, à basse pression, les équations de Stokes-Einstein et assimilées qui lient diffusivité et fluidité sont qualitativement non valables pour les ions hors du réseau. Dans les solutions silicatées binaires, on observe la disparition progressive de l'augmentation anormale de la diffusivité due à la pression, lorsque la teneur en oxyde de sodium augmente. Ici encore, les observations sont en accord avec les récentes études expérimentales. A basse pression, la coordination du silicium et de l'aluminium est de quatre, mais celle-ci augmente systématiquement quand la pression augmente, et atteint une valeur moyenne de cinq pour le silicium au voisinage du maximum de diffusivité de l'oxygène.
Application of a percolation model to supercooled liquids with a tetrahedral structure
Authors: Teixeira José , Stanley Harry Eugene , Bottinga Yan , Richet Pascal
Published: November 2018

Les propriétés inusuelles de l'eau sont expliquées par un modèle de percolation qui souligne le rôle des aspects géométriques de la structure de ce liquide. Un traitement statistique de la distribution moléculaire permet de prédire les propriétés thermodynamiques de l'eau, et leur dépendance vis-à-vis de la température, de la pression et des teneurs en impuretés. Ce modèle peut être généralisé à d'autres liquides de structure analogue, tels que la silice et les silicates fondus.
Verres, liquides et transition vitreuse
Authors: Richet Pascal , Bottinga Yan
Published: November 2018

Les verres silicatés sont habituellement formés par refroidissement d'un liquide. Loin d'être graduel ou continu, le passage du liquide au verre est marqué par des discontinuités des propriétés thermodynamiques du deuxième ordre (Cp , a, k...). C'est la transition vitreuse. Nous en donnons une description qualitative, avant de présenter ses aspects thermodynamiques et son lien avec les phénomènes de transport. Cette note se termine par un bref examen de la variation de la transition vitreuse avec la composition, et par quelques exemples illustrant les différences entre les propriétés des verres et des liquides silicatés.
Etude de la dissolution de la vapeur d'eau dans le diopside liquide
Authors: Munoz Ruffino , Renard René , Urbain Georges , Coutures Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2018

With a thermogravimetric apparatus exposed to water vapour (P(H2O) < 1 atm) the solubility of water in liquid silicates can be measured directly. At P(H2O) = 1 atm a diopside melt has a solubility of 0.78 mg/g (9.38 10~3 mole H2O/mole diopside) at temperatures between 1 ,400 and 1,600 °C. A square root dependency of the solubility is observed. Probably the dissolution reaction processes via the O- species.
Au-delà d’une condamnation compréhensible de la GPA…
Authors: Ngamaleu Djuiko Sylvie
Published: November 2018

Le légitime désir de descendance et l’exacerbation des droits et libertés individuels ont engendré le recours à des techniques ou pratiques de procréation dont certaines soulèvent des problèmes de divers ordres (notamment juridique et moral) amenant à s’interroger sur leur admissibilité. C’est le cas de la gestation pour autrui (GPA) qui consiste pour des parents d’intention à recourir à une femme pour porter et mener la grossesse jusqu’à son terme. Alors que jusqu’à une période encore récente, il pouvait être affirmé que «l’accouchement vaut reconnaissance » ou que «la maternité est toujours certaine » , le dépeçage de la maternité qu’induit la GPA remet ces affirmations en cause. La maternité est devenue tout aussi incertaine que la paternité : laquelle des femmes participant au processus qui aboutit à la naissance de l’enfant doit être considérée juridiquement comme sa mère ? Si l’on ajoute les autres inconvénients ou risques de cette méthode, s’opposer à elle apparaît légitime. Mais s’en tenir uniquement à cela ne serait ni satisfaisant, ni suffisant car se poseraient toujours la question du sort des personnes incapables de «procréer naturellement » et celle des enfants qui sont issus de cette pratique. La solution ne doit donc pas être seulement juridique, elle doit aussi être sociale.
État d'urgence et procédure pénale
Authors: Wester-Ouisse Véronique
Published: November 2018

L’état d’urgence instauré par le gouvernement, puis par deux lois successives, inquiète. Les autorités administratives ont certes la possibilité de s 'affranchir de certaines règles de procédure pénale, mais le cadre légal demeure précis. Les perquisitions et les assignations à résidence qui ont suscité le plus de débat sont ici plus particulièrement étudiées ; la procédure pénale, qui reprend ses droits dès que ces actes administratifs livrent des indices d’infraction. La succession d’actes de terrorismes que nous vivons a conduit le législateur à certains ajustements du droit commun, destinés à sortir de l’état d’urgence sans désarmer les services d’enquête et les juridictions : la police administrative disposera de quelques pouvoirs élargis d’investigation, notamment concernant les personnes de retour de zones d’entrainement à l ’étranger. Mais c 'est bien la procédure pénale et le pouvoir judiciaire, gardien des libertés individuelles, qui sont principalement concernés par la réforme : les méthodes d’investigations et les possibilités de répressions sont adaptées.
L'acceptation des risques sportifs comme cause d'exonération de responsabilité
Authors: Martin Ève
Published: November 2018

La prise en compte de l’acceptation des risques par la victime est à l’origine d’inégalités dans la réglementation des activités sportives. Dans un contexte de réforme globale du droit des obligations, une modification des règles de droit résidant dans la prise en charge de la totalité du contentieux par le droit contractuel peut être envisagée. Il apparaît possible de considérer que les sportifs professionnels ont, au préalable, conclu une convention implicite fondée sur leur acceptation des règles du jeu. Lors de la rencontre, ils seraient alors tenus d’une obligation de sécurité-moyens à l’égard de leurs concurrents. A l’inverse, les organisateurs professionnels d’activités sportives auraient à leur charge une obligation de sécurité de résultat à l ’égard des sportifs profanes. Même si elle s ’oppose a priori au caractère aléatoire de la prestation, une telle obligation trouverait sa justification dans le rapport d'inégalité entre les parties, à l’instar de l’obligation de sécurité de l’employeur à l’égard de ses salariés.
Le prénom de l'enfant ou la fantaisie des parents
Authors: Perón Maxime
Published: November 2018

Conséquence d’une fantaisie des parents, de nombreux prénoms originaux sont retrouvés sur les registres de l’état civil, justifiant l’observation du cadre légal, d’une part concernant le choix du prénom, d’autre part, concernant l’hypothèse du changement de prénom.
Réflexions autour de la loi du 12 octobre 2016 portant sur le changement de la mention du sexe à l'état civil
Authors: Coffin Armelle
Published: November 2018

La loi du 12 octobre 2016 a considérablement modifié le droit des personnes en matière de changement de sexe à l’état civil. Il a fallu attendre la décision du Conseil constitutionnel, le 17 novembre 2016 pour comprendre l’étendue de cette réforme.
La revalorisation de l’imputabilité et de l’imputation en droit de la responsabilité administrative
Authors: Bouillon Henri
Published: November 2018

Si la cause d’un dommage est identifiée dans un acte ou un fait administratif, on en déduit habituellement la responsabilité de l’administration qui, auteur du fait dommageable (imputabilité), doit assumer la réparation du préjudice en découlant (imputation). La causalité conditionne ainsi l’imputabilité et l’imputation. Mais la consécration de la responsabilité du fait de la garde de mineurs en 2005 et la multiplication des fonds d’indemnisation imposent de dissocier ces trois notions, qui ne concordent plus toujours. La responsabilité du fait de la garde distingue la causalité du couple imputabilité-imputation, puisque la causalité désigne le fait du mineur, mais impute le dommage et sa réparation à l’Etat, gardien du mineur. Quant au fonds de garantie, qui élude la question de l ’imputabilité du dommage, il déconnecte la causalité, qui lie le préjudice au fait générateur prévu par la loi, et l ’imputation, qui fait peser la réparation sur l’organisme chargé de l’indemnisation. Les liens d’imputabilité et d’imputation gagnent ainsi en autonomie et en sont revalorisés d’autant.
Le renforcement des conditions d’accès au juge dans le nouveau Code français de justice administrative : le cas de la décision préalable
Authors: Fandjip Olivier
Published: November 2018

Le nouveau régime juridique relatif à la règle de la décision préalable en contentieux administratif français, comparativement à celui en vigueur avant le décret du 2 novembre 2016 portant réforme du Code de justice administrative, est marqué par deux restrictions à savoir, l’exclusion de la dispense de cette règle en matière de travaux publics, d’une part, et, d’autre part, l’obligation, contrairement à la pratique jurisprudentielle jusque là en vigueur, de justifier d’une décision préalable lorsque l ’action tend au paiement d’une somme d’argent. En dehors de ces deux constrictions, cette formalité reste assortie des limites tant du point de vue de son domaine d’application que de la sanction relative à son inobservation. De ce point de vue, la réforme du 2 novembre 2016 n 'a pas fondamentalement remis en cause la souplesse qui caractérise les conditions d’accès au juge selon la tradition de la justice administrative française.
La portée de la procédure de jugement au fond dans la loi «Justice du XXIe siècle» : l’ambition revendiquée pour la Cour de cassation de ne plus seulement être juge de droit
Authors: Castanier Kévin
Published: November 2018

La Cour de cassation, nul ne l ’ignore, intervient pour assurer une interprétation unifiée de la règle de droit sur le territoire français. A ce titre, elle n ’est qu ’un juge du droit et non un juge du fait, et ne peut donc pas être qualifiée de troisième degré de juridiction. La loi n° 2016-1547 du 18 novembre 2016 dite «Justice du XXIe siècle » renverse cette vision en octroyant aux magistrats du Quai de l ’horloge, dans le domaine civil, le pouvoir de juger le fond de l ’affaire si la bonne administration de la justice le justifie. Le rôle traditionnel de la Cour de cassation, basé sur la distinction du fait et du droit, en est donc bouleversé, dans un objectif, selon les instigateurs de la loi, d’assurer la souveraineté de la Cour de cassation tant sur la Cour européenne des droits de l ’homme que sur les juridictions françaises. Néanmoins, si la loi accorde cette nouvelle faculté, elle souffre de l ’absence de précision quant à la procédure à suivre pour sa mise en œuvre et pourrait à terme transformer la Cour de cassation en une Cour suprême à l ’anglo-saxonne.
La composition de la CJUE
Authors: Lemond Sophie
Published: November 2018

La Cour de justice de l 'Union européenne (CJUE) est l ’ instance juridique suprême de l 'Union européenne. Elle joue un rôle décisif pour le développement et le respect du droit européen à travers la mission qui lui a été confiée , mission qui consiste à «assurer le respect du droit dans l 'interprétation et l’application des Traités ». Comme toutes les juridictions , la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne ne peut échapper à l’exigence inéluctable d’un tribunal indépendant et impartial, dictée par le droit à un procès équitable. Notre investigation a donc pour objet d’esquisser une «bonne » composition pour une «bonne » justice. La composition de la Cour de justice de l ’Union européenne garantit-elle le droit à un procès équitable ? Pour y répondre, nous aborderons en premier lieu le droit à un juge compétent. Puis nous évoquerons en second lieu le droit à un juge indépendant et impartial.
L'office du juge dans le contentieux du droit au logement opposable
Authors: Bouvet Alice
Published: November 2018

Le 05 mars 2007 est adoptée la loi instituant le droit au logement opposable dite loi «DALO ». En consacrant le droit au logement opposable, le législateur a voulu désigner une véritable autorité responsable débitrice à l 'égard du demandeur du droit au logement à savoir l 'État. L 'État devient ainsi le garant de la mise en œuvre effective du droit au logement. Pour faire valoir son droit, la loi a doté le citoyen d’une voie de recours contentieuse particulière avec un juge spécifique. Cependant, l’esprit de la loi est de considérer ce recours contentieux spécifique comme ultima ratio, le but étant de pouvoir rendre concret le droit au logement sans que le citoyen ne soit dans l ’obligation de saisir le juge. Au vu du nombre de recours juridictionnels qui ne cesse d 'augmenter, on peut s ’interroger sur l ’office du juge administratif dans ce contentieux. En effet, la reconnaissance très solennelle d’un droit justiciable au logement interroge quant au rôle dévolu au juge par la loi pour sa mise en œuvre.
Cryptosonorants and the misapplication of voicing assimilation in Biaspectual Phonology
Authors: Blaho Sylvia , Bye Patrik
Published: November 2018

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Towards an Operational Notion of Subjectification
Authors: Schwenter Scott , Toress Cacoullos Rena
Published: November 2018

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Where Stochastic OT fails: A discrete model of metrical variation
Authors: Kiparsky Paul
Published: November 2018

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View with a view: Towards a typology of multiple perspective constructions
Authors: Evans Nick
Published: November 2018

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The Albedos, Sizes, Colors, and Satellites of Dwarf Planets Compared with Newly Measured Dwarf Planet 2013 FY27
Authors: Sheppard Scott S. , Fernandez Yanga R. , Moullet Arielle
Published: November 2018

2013 FY27 is the ninth intrinsically brightest Trans-Neptunian Object (TNO). We used ALMA at thermal wavelengths and Magellan in the optical to determine 2013 FY27's size and albedo for the first time and compare it to other dwarf planets. We found 2013 FY27 has a geometric albedo of

and effective diameter of

km. This puts 2013 FY27 in the transition region between the largest TNOs that have higher albedos and densities than smaller TNOs. No short-term light curve was found, with variations <0.06 ± 0.02 mag over hours and days. The Sloan colors of 2013 FY27 are g−r = 0.76 ± 0.02 and r−i = 0.31 ± 0.03 mag, giving a moderately red color. This is different than the neutral or ultra-red colors found for the 10 largest TNOs, making 2013 FY27 one of the largest moderately red TNOs, which are only seen, and in abundance, at diameters less than 800 km. This suggests something different might be associated with TNOs larger than 800 km. Moderately red colors might indicate old or ice-poor surfaces with TNOs larger than 800 km having fresher or more volatile-rich surfaces. TNOs larger than 800 km could be more differentiated, giving them different surface compositions. A satellite at 0.″17 and 3.0 ± 0.2 mag fainter than 2013 FY27 was found through Hubble Space Telescope observations. Almost all the largest TNOs have satellites, which now includes 2013 FY27. Assuming a similar albedo, the satellite is ∼186 km in diameter, making the primary

km.
Oscillator Strengths for Ultraviolet Transitions in P ii: The Multiplet at 1308 Å
Authors: Brown M. S. , Alkhayat R. B. , Irving R. E. , Heidarian N. , Bancroft Brown J. , Federman S. R. , Cheng S. , Curtis L. J.
Published: November 2018

We report lifetimes, branching fractions, and the resulting oscillator strengths for transitions within the P ii multiplet (3s
23p
2
3
P–3s3p
3
3
P
o) at 1308 Å. These comprehensive beam-foil measurements, which are the most precise set currently available experimentally, resolve discrepancies involving earlier experimental and theoretical results. Interstellar phosphorus abundances derived from λ1308 can now be interpreted with greater confidence. In the course of our measurements, we also obtained an experimental lifetime for the 3p4s

level of P iv. This lifetime agrees well with the available theoretical calculation.
Astrochemical Kinetic Grid Models of Groups of Observed Molecular Abundances: Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC-1)
Authors: Maffucci Dominique M. , Wenger Trey V. , Gal Romane Le , Herbst Eric
Published: November 2018

The emission-line spectra of cyanoacetylene and methanol reveal chemical and physical heterogeneity on very small (<0.1 pc) scales toward the peak in cyanopolyyne emission in the Taurus Molecular Cloud, TMC-1 CP. We generate grids of homogeneous chemical models using a three-phase rate equation approach to obtain all time-dependent abundances spanning the physical conditions determined from molecular tracers of compact and extended regions of emission along this line of sight. Each time-dependent abundance is characterized by one of four features: a maximum/minimum, a monotonic increase/decrease, oscillatory behavior, or inertness. We similarly classify the time-dependent agreement between modeled and observed abundances by calculating both the rms logarithm difference and rms deviation between the modeled and observed abundances at every point in our grid models for three groups of molecules: (i) a composite group of all species present in both the observations and our chemical network G, (ii) the cyanopolyynes C = {HC3N, HC5N, HC7N, HC9N}, and (iii) the oxygen-containing organic species methanol and acetaldehyde S = {CH3OH, CH3CHO}. We discuss how the Bayesian uncertainties in the observed abundances constrain solutions within the grids of chemical models. The calculated best-fit times at each grid point for each group are tabulated to reveal the minimum solution space of the grid models and the effects the Bayesian uncertainties have on the grid model solutions. The results of this approach separate the effects different physical conditions and model-free parameters have on reproducing accurately the abundances of different groups of observed molecular species.
Resonance-broadened Transit Time Damping of Particles in MHD Turbulence
Authors: Xu Siyao , Lazarian A.
Published: November 2018

As a fundamental astrophysical process, the scattering of particles by turbulent magnetic fields has its physical foundation laid by the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence theory. In the framework of the modern theory of MHD turbulence, we derive a generalized broadened resonance function by taking into account both the magnetic fluctuations and nonlinear decorrelation of turbulent magnetic fields arising in MHD turbulence, and we specify the energy range of particles for the dominance of different broadening mechanisms. The broadened resonance allows for scattering of particles beyond the energy threshold of the linear resonance. By analytically determining the pitch-angle diffusion coefficients for transit time damping (TTD) with slow and fast modes, we demonstrate that the turbulence anisotropy of slow modes suppresses their scattering efficiency. Furthermore, we quantify the dependence of the relative importance between slow and fast modes in TTD scattering on (i) particle energy, (ii) plasma β (the ratio of gas pressure to magnetic pressure), and (iii) damping of MHD turbulence, and we also provide the parameter space for the dominance of slow modes. To exemplify its applications, we find that among typical partially ionized interstellar phases, in the warm neutral medium slow and fast modes have comparable efficiencies in TTD scattering of cosmic rays. For low-energy particles, e.g., sub-Alfvénic charged grains, we show that slow modes always dominate TTD scattering.
Far-ultraviolet Activity Levels of F, G, K, and M Dwarf Exoplanet Host Stars*
Authors: France Kevin , Arulanantham Nicole , Fossati Luca , Lanza Antonino F. , Loyd R. O. Parke , Redfield Seth , Schneider P. Christian
Published: November 2018

We present a survey of far-ultraviolet (FUV; 1150–1450 Å) emission line spectra from 71 planet-hosting and 33 non-planet-hosting F, G, K, and M dwarfs with the goals of characterizing their range of FUV activity levels, calibrating the FUV activity level to the 90–360 Å extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) stellar flux, and investigating the potential for FUV emission lines to probe star–planet interactions (SPIs). We build this emission line sample from a combination of new and archival observations with the Hubble Space Telescope-COS and -STIS instruments, targeting the chromospheric and transition region emission lines of Si iii, N v, C ii, and Si iv. We find that the exoplanet host stars, on average, display factors of 5–10 lower UV activity levels compared with the non-planet-hosting sample; this is explained by a combination of observational and astrophysical biases in the selection of stars for radial-velocity planet searches. We demonstrate that UV activity-rotation relation in the full F – M star sample is characterized by a power-law decline (with index α ≈ −1.1), starting at rotation periods ≳3.5 days. Using N v or Si iv spectra and knowledge of the star’s bolometric flux, we present a new analytic relationship to estimate the intrinsic stellar EUV irradiance in the 90–360 Å band with an accuracy of roughly a factor of ≈2. Finally, we study the correlation between SPI strength and UV activity in the context of a principal component analysis that controls for the sample biases. We find that SPIs are not a statistically significant contributor to the observed UV activity levels.