6821 Characterization Of A Novel Oral Small Molecule PTH1R Agonist: Proof Of Concept For An Alternative To Injectable Peptide-Based Therapy For Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Zhang Jun , Gomez Ivan , He Chen , Wang Jialu , Du Xiaohui , Nguyen Kenny , Alvarez Kiana , Mirza Amer M 
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: J. Zhang: None. I. Gomez: None. C. He: None. J. Wang: None. X. Du: None. K. Nguyen: None. K. Alvarez: None. A.M. Mirza: None.

Hypoparathyroidism (HP), a rare endocrine disorder characterized by insufficient levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leads to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Most HP cases arise due to damage of the parathyroid glands during thyroid or neck surgery. HP symptoms include severe muscle cramps, tingling, burning and numbness, memory loss, and headaches, all leading to a decreased quality of life. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation do not fully ameliorate the disease and may contribute to renal disease. Chronic HP increases the risk of major complications, such as calcium depositions in the brain, eye, and kidneys. Similarly, it can lead to low bone turnover and increased bone mineral density with associated increased bone mineralization. In comparison to standard of care and traditional injectable peptide-based therapies, oral small molecules may have multiple advantages clinically. However, there are no oral small molecules currently in development. PTH functions through activation of the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), a class B G protein-coupled receptor. The main target tissues for PTH1R activation include bone and kidney. In the kidney, PTH increases tubular reabsorption of calcium and promotes renal excretion of phosphate. In bone, PTH stimulates bone turnover and mobilizes calcium into the circulation to maintain serum calcium. Here we describe the characterization of SP-1462, a novel, potent, and selective oral small molecule, and show that, like the PTH peptides, it acts on PTH1R as an agonist and elicits similar downstream functions in vitro and in vivo. To assess PTH1R engagement in the major targeted organs, kidney and bone, primary human renal proximal epithelial cells (RPTEC) and a human osteoblast cell line (Saos-2) were used, respectively. RPTECs treated with PTH and SP-1462 showed significant changes in transporter genes (SLC22A2 and SLC13A1), immune related genes (CCL2 & DPP4), and matrix reorganization genes (ITGA5 and COL1A1). Saos-2 cells treated with PTH and SP-1462 both significantly affected the expression of Wnt signaling genes (DKK1 and TCF7) and the expression of coupling genes that bridge anabolic/catabolic activities (M-CSF, RANKL, HDAC4, and OPG). Importantly, oral administration of a single dose of SP-1805 in a rat surgical thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTx) model resulted in significant upregulation of serum calcium levels for a period of 24 hours in a dose dependent manner at 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg. The window of calcium upregulation is comparable to injectable PTH peptides currently in development to treat hypoparathyroidism. These data suggest that oral small molecule PTH1R agonists engage PTH pathways similar to native PTH and have the potential to replace injectable PTH peptides to treat PTH-related disorders, including hypoparathyroidism.

Presentation: 6/3/2024