bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assess Teachers' Attitude Towards Mobile Augmented Reality Systems for Teaching Digital Electronics Course
Authors: Dutta Rubina , Mantri Archana , Singh Gurjinder
Published: April 2022

There have been a number of studies conducted to determine the effect of incorporating Augmented Reality (AR) technology into real time scenario. As per research studies, when students engaged themselves in activity based learning then AR helps to improve their perceptions as well as their overall cognitive abilities. On the other hand, due to lack of professional coding skills, sometimes it is difficult for the teachers to incorporate AR-based activities in their course. In this study, teaching intervention through mobile augmented reality (MAR) is proposed that is simple to use and can assist teachers in the creation and design of augmented reality materials, such as combinational circuits. A unique feature of this mobile system is that it allows teachers to merge the subject matter and animated videos in a way that promotes active participation of the students. Our proposed system was put through a quasi-experimental evaluation to see if it could support a variety of teaching activities. Teacher response through a survey questionnaire was positive, and they were eager to adopt and use MAR system in their classrooms. Educators also agreed that our strategy was an effective way to boost the quality of outdoor educational activities.
Design and Implementation of Wearable Patient Health Monitoring System Using WBAN and IoT
Authors: Kiran Kolluri Santhosh Surya , Mukherjee Ankur , Sundararajan Ananiah Durai Durai
Published: April 2022

A remote patient health monitoring system using Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has been proposed to detect sudden possible falls in elderly people, acquire body temperature and ECG (Electrocardiogram) via wireless sensor nodes viz an accelerometer, a temperature sensor, and 3 bipolar limb leads. These nodes carry information to a coordination node with the freedom of unconstrained movement, by allowing the nodes to interact with the host node seamlessly. Leads 2 and 3 gives an inferior view of the heart to detect a probable heart attack or MI that might occur in the inferior region. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) has been employed in this work for the detection of ST elevation, T inversion, and deep Q on lead 2 data. Atrial fibrillation, the most common kind of arrhythmia, is anticipated from the acquired lead 2 data using the standard deviation parameter. The 3 lead ECG report is then forwarded to the doctor via email for remote monitoring and diagnostic purposes.
Reframing of Ethics and Aesthetic Values of Rasasidhanta in the Contemporary Indian Art
Authors: Gule Ganesh Gorakhnath , Sarkar Saroj Kumar
Published: April 2022

Natyashastra has discussed about drama as an art and it has a relation with other six classical art of India. Since ancient times to the present, Rasasiddhanta helps to develop aesthetical views with nine emotions in Indian art. (Ghosh Manomohan, 2002). It is observed that Indian art is less realistic but having more emotions. Under the influence of Western art, it moves from surrealism to abstract expressionism art. It is interesting to see how the implementation or reframing of these ethics and aesthetical judgments can work on the contemporary art of India(1). Conclusions and implications of the study in the third century, Bharata Muni in his text Natyashastra explained Bhava as a state of mind. It is the aesthetic flavor that results from maturation and stabilization of Rasa. Related to contemporary Indian art, eminent philosophers such as A.K. Kumarswam, Avanindranath Tagore, and E. B. Havel accept the aesthetical values of Rasasidhanta. Some Indian artists know the value of Navassa, and they have to apply it in their artwork. An extensively clear sight of Rasa and its impact is highly observed in Indian Contemporary paintings.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) in Healthcare: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Thakare Vaibhav , Khire Gauri , Kumbhar Manisha
Published: April 2022

The potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled Internet of Things(IoT) healthcare is expanded upon to theorize how IoT and AI can improve the accessibility of preventative public health services and transition our current secondary and tertiary healthcare to be a more proactive, continuous, and coordinated system. Also IoT and AI helps in getting obligation and fulfillment by engaging patients to contribute greater imperativeness collaborating with their specialists. Apart from this, IoT has many advantages of streamlining and enhancing healthcare delivery to efficiently predict health issues and diagnose, treat, and monitor patients both in and out of the hospital. This study proposes a comprehensive yet brief review of the challenges and opportunities in healthcare sector by using AI and IoT. It also provides an overview of AI and IoT, its applicability, some insights about current trends, outlook on future developments, and challenges of healthcare systems.
Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as Multifunctional Nanotracking Agent
Authors: Rais Anam , Kulanthaivel Senthilguru , Mishra Prashant , Khan Luqman Ahmad , Prasad Tulika
Published: April 2022

Carbon quantum dots (CDs) have emerged as the most versatile nanostructures for biomedicine due to their high photostability, excellent biocompatibility, good aqueous solubility, and negligible toxicity. Herein, nitrogen-doped CDs (N-CDs) were prepared using facile, cheap, and eco-friendly microwave pyrolysis using citric acid and ammonia as precursor and nitrogen dopant, respectively. UV-vis spectrum exhibited two absorption peaks, one at 240 nm and the other at 340 nm, with a strong emission peak at 450 nm revealing excitation wavelength-dependent PL behavior. N-CDs were mono-dispersed and stable with an average diameter 2±1 nm and mean zeta potential of 15 ± 2 mV. EDS spectra confirmed the presence of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Bioimaging using Candida albicans as the representative for microbial pathogens showed highly efficient internalization without causing any microbial toxicity. Our study demonstrated that synthesized N-CDs were biocompatible with strong PL and a suitable nanotracker for multifunctional biomedical applications.
Dental Caries: A Review on Etiology, Therapeutic Approaches, Novel Formulations, and Marketed Preparations
Authors: Kaur Palwinder , Vyas Manish , Verma Surajpal
Published: April 2022

Demineralization of dental enamel (dental caries) are widely prevalent throughout the world. According to the Global Oral Health Data Bank, this prevalence varies from 49% to 83% across different countries. Dental caries are a polyfactorial disease that still needs major pharmaceutical interventions to alleviate its prevalence. This paper delineates the latest understanding of pathological and protective factors associated with caries development. Based on the current knowledge of etiological factors, many therapeutic classes have been traversed since the past to decrease the severity of the disease. This includes drugs of herbal origin and synthetic molecules. On active ingredients, the latest pharmaceutical technologies have been applied to formulate novel drug delivery systems to accentuate the impact of drug delivery to combat the prevalence of the disease. A few of these novel formulations have been also been marketed. The present article explicates current etiological understanding on dental caries, therapeutic classes explored until now along with herbal classes and compounds, novel therapeutic systems, and marketed preparations used in dental formulations and future strategies to develop the efficient formulation.
Multifunctional Chitosan-Copper Oxide Nanocomposite: Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities
Authors: R Resmi , B Beena
Published: April 2022

In our current analysis, antimicrobial and antineoplastic activity of biosynthesized chitosan-copper oxide nanocomposite is evaluated. Substantial microbial activity was demonstrated towards both Gram +ve (S. aures and S. mutans) and Gram -ve (E. coli and P. aeuriginosa) microbes. The synthesized nanocomposite shows better cytotoxic action towards human breast cancer cell line (MCF -7).
Gondan (Tattoo) Art Practices in Maharashtra (India): A Case Study
Authors: Bhalerao Nilesh sopan , Mallik Ranjan kumar , Singh Arjun Kumar
Published: April 2022

The art of tattooing is seen as an art of community belief and ritualistic practices. This art form has been used in human life as a form of art for body decoration but in Indian culture, ‘Gondan’ (tattoo) has in the past drawn some meaningful figures in one form. In today's life, the practices of tattoing have changed to Gondan old forms. This study investigates detailed observations at the changes in the ‘Gondan’ the old method, and it explores an improvement /change in the painting, and this is an in-depth study to gather more information about the ‘Gondan’ (tattoo).
A Machine Learning Based Framework for Heart Disease Detection
Authors: Pallathadka Harikumar , Naved Mohd , Phasinam Khongdet , M. Arcinas Myla
Published: April 2022

Even in rural parts of many nations, coronary heart disease has emerged as the main cause of mortality. More than 23 million people will die from cardiovascular disease by 2030, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). With the use of cardiovascular disease prediction, healthcare practitioners may check the characteristics necessary for diagnosis, such as blood pressure and diabetes, which are vital. Many data mining methods are currently used in the medical industry, but additional research is needed to evaluate how well these categorization approaches function in real-world settings. The project's purpose is to quickly identify the best candidates for constructing heart disease prediction models, and to do it in a timely manner. The goal of this study is to increase the accuracy of cardiac disease prediction by addressing and overcoming the issues in the area (CVDs). CAD systems, which help physicians make choices, are often developed as a result of breakthroughs in machine learning technology. The categorization and prediction of cardiac disease are discussed in this article. The algorithms explored include ANN, KNN, and CNN. To conduct the evaluation, we utilised the UCI Cleveland database. For these algorithms, a thorough evaluation of the utility and consistency of data mining approaches found that CNNs performed best. Usefulness and consistency of data mining techniques for these algorithms revealed that the CNN was the most reliable process.
Animal Models of Depression: An Update
Authors: Rana Tarapati , Behl Tapan , Sharma Neelam , Singh Sukhbir
Published: April 2022

It is very difficult to develop the animal models in neuropharmacology due to the complexity of the human brain and the intrinsic complexity of developing a similar situation in experimental animals. Still, animal models in neuropharmacology have made a greater contribution in the drug development. Depression is the common and potentially devastating form of neuropsychiatric diseases affecting the individuals of every age across the world. Since the conventional antidepressants exhibit some adverse effects, it becomes important to develop novel antidepressants with fewer adverse effects. Several animal models were developed for the screening of the novel antidepressants preclinically. The different animal models used were initially developed on the basis of the phenotypical effects of stress, medication, injury, or genetic manipulation. In the current review, we have tried to compile diverse animal models used for the screening of the novel antidepressants.
Investigating the Power Conversion Efficiency at 16.5% of CIGS Solar Cell Through Device Simulations
Authors: Shrivastav Nikhil , Kashyap Savita , Pandey Rahul , Shrivastav Nikhil
Published: April 2022

Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) is the most promising material owing to its low cost, superior optical properties, high performance, low-temperature coefficient, direct bandgap, long-term stability, and high absorption coefficient. Thus, here in this work, a single-junction solar cell by employing CIGS (Eg=1.1 eV) material has been investigated. Further, the CdS buffer layer is also used, which contributes to the p-n junction formation. The cell is optimized for maximum conversion efficiency (16.5%) by collectively varying the thickness of CIGS and bulk defect density using the SCAPS-1D tool.
Chronotherapeutic Drug Delivery Systems – An Approach in the Management of Diseases Based on Circadian Rhythm
Authors: Arora Shilpi , Bala Rajni
Published: April 2022

In recent days, chrono modulated drug delivery systems have gained the attention of researchers as the release of drug is dependent on the circadian rhythm of the disease. These systems release the drug over the right sight in the optimum amount as per the need of the body, thereby refining the sufferer amenability by decreasing frequency of dose administration. These systems are fabricated to accomplish the whole and speedy drug release, which is followed by predetermined lag time and are also known as pulsatile released systems, time-controlled systems, or sigmoid release systems. These systems are well suited for the drugs showing variation in effect with biological timing, such as drugs used in management of rheumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, and different disorders involving inflammation. The presented review focuses on the role of chronotherapy in the management of diseases following circadian rhythm with their benefit over conventional approach and types of technologies used in their formulation.
IoT Enabled Real-Time Pulse Rate Monitoring System
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Sharma Neha , Kaur Amandeep , Kaushal Rajesh Kumar
Published: April 2022

Remote health monitoring using Internet of Things (IoT) is a popular research area nowadays. It leads to a good improvement in the quality of life if a healthcare system is able to do accurate diagnosis remotely in minimal time. This paper represents the development and working of a pulse rate monitoring system using IoT which consists of an analog pulse rate sensor to be placed around the fingertip of the patient. Pulse rate sensor is connected to the NodeMCU ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to transfer readings to the remote server. The main purpose of this system is remote monitoring of a patient by a health professional, to check for any health abnormality based on the measured pulse rate, and make a decision for the treatment to be done. This system has good possibilities of extension for remote diagnosis of various diseases with the addition of more sensors to monitor critical health related parameters.
Challenges for Designing of Children Speech Corpora: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Sobti Rajni , Kadyan Virender , Guleria Kalpna
Published: April 2022

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is the use of computer hardware and software-based techniques to identify and process human voices. These systems used data from both male and female speakers. The majority of commercial ASR systems available on adult speech are working efficiently. Speech data collected from both male and female speakers were used in these systems. In recent decades, ASR systems for children have emerged, such as reading tutors, aids for foreign language learning, and computer games. Child ASR systems are essential but poorly understood in the field of computer speech recognition. The child data collection is a very complex task. Child corpus is not available publicly, and variability of children speakers and ASR developed for a particular age group is not suitable for other age groups. These are some of the reasons for less and ineffective child ASR systems. However, the non-availability of child corpus publicly is a primary reason for ineffective child ASR. Designing and developing child corpus is a very tedious task. Therefore, the primary focus of this state-of-the-art review is to discuss various challenges encountered while designing and developing child corpus.
COVID-19 Impact: Blended Learning in Sustainable Management Education - The New Normal
Authors: Shukla Nidhi , Prasad SK
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 has changed the way of management education. Blended Learning (BL) has become an integral part of management education and the way ahead in our new normal. Sustainable management education is coalescing around 2030 agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as introduced in new mission statement UN PRME's (2016). As the pandemic developed, academia needs to be trained in new forms of operation to meet SDGs (Goal 4) of quality education, which can be done through sustainable management education in the context of MBA programs. The study employs Community of Inquiry (CoI) paradigm to ascertain the effectiveness of BL. The study also brings about the co-dependency of the elements of CoI framework. Numerous research propositions are addressed during the study. The study also reflects on the perception of MBA educators and their behavioral intention towards BL. This research provides a comprehensive review of the best practices for designing academic programs in management education using of BL.
A Comparative Analysis of Violence in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot and Harold Pinter’s The Birthday Party: An Awareness Towards Peace
Authors: Paul David , Alan G
Published: April 2022

Literature is a powerful medium to comprehend the factors affecting the Sustainable Developmental Goals framed by the United Nations. This Paper examines violence in modern literature especially in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot and Harold Pinter’s The Birthday Party. The violence in the plays demonstrates the effect of the World Wars during which there has been a drastic change in people’s psyche. The two consecutive World Wars had contributed to the extreme form of violence. Through the modernist approach to the plays, the forms of violence are traced out. Verbal, physical, and psychological violence are explored in the plays. Violence is undetachable from these plays to an extent that the playwrights have incorporated humor as a powerful tool to hide its impact. The atmosphere, language, tone, tools, and attitude are loaded with violence. The violence addressed in the plays illustrates how peace is destroyed. The paper elaborates on the reason behind a comparative analysis of these literary works, the violence portrayed in the plays reflecting the psyche of a modern human being in a Post-World War II scenario, and it helps in creating awareness on violence prevailing in the society and the necessity for peace.
The Performance of Polyaniline Electropolymerization at Various Acidic Electrolytes on Gold Electrodes for Electrochemical Biosensor Application
Authors: Thongkhao Piromya , Phonklam Kewarin , Phairatana Tonghathai
Published: April 2022

Polyaniline (PANI), a conductive polymer, has been played a significant role as an electrode material for electrochemical biosensor development. In this study, the electrochemical properties of PANI synthesized in two different acid dopants, i.e. 1.0 M HCl and 0.50 M H2SO4using chronopotentiometry, were investigated. The surface morphologies of the PANI modified gold electrodes were observed using SEM and EDS. The PANI electrodeposition times were also considered. The electrochemical characteristics in terms of the peak-to-peak potential separations (ΔEp), the current of the oxidation (Ipa), and reversible redox properties were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the modified electrode with PANI electropolymerization in H2SO4 as a dopant performed significantly better electrochemically than PANI in HCl at all electrodeposition times. In particular, the PANI prepared in H2SO4 with the electrodeposition time of 120 s demonstrated the best performance in terms of electron transfer and reversible redox reaction.
The Genetic Model of the Disease Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva and Its Potential Treatments – a Review.
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ritwija
Published: April 2022

“Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva” is genetically very uncommon disease, autosomally inherited, of a connective tissue which is responsible for unusual bone development, where bone should not develop, this condition is called “heterotopic ossification”. This mostly affects in ligament, soft tissues, tendons, muscles and it get converted into hard like bone structure through metamorphosis. The disorder is caused by a single mutation in ACVR1 gene, due to a particular substitution of an amino acid, arginine with a histidine at 206 positions. It’s a congenital disease so its first sign is seen in early childhood. Children with FOP have smaller great toe and abnormal distal first metatarsal. Still there are no evidence of any particular effective treatment for FOP but there are many clinical trials going on. Few drugs mainly corticosteroids for reducing pain and inflammations and patients are given occupational therapies and genetic counselling. Current research includes BMP pathway inhibition, immunosuppressants.
Leading Inclusive Schools for Diverse Learners: Principals' Perspectives
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Mythili N , Bansal Sneh , Pant Sangeeta
Published: April 2022

School principals play a vital role in providing equal opportunities to all learners. The paper examines the role of school principals in implementing inclusive education and the impact on their leadership practices. Sample: Data was collected from 164 school principals from residential and day schools. Design: Descriptive survey design was used in this qualitative study. Findings: Results indicated that despite having excellent infrastructure and availability of material and human resources both the private and NVS schools in the study had poor enrollment of children with disabilities. NVS being residential schools were found to be more discriminating towards children with disabilities. The cultural environment and practices required at the deep structural level for effectively implementing inclusion were not firmly established. Collaboration and consultation with various stakeholders was also not much in evidence. Lack of training and a clear vision emerged as the major impediment to inclusion of children with disabilities.
A Multi-Zone Based Hierarchical Protocol for Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Saini Vandana , Khurana Meenu
Published: April 2022

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used in many applications due to their small size and low cost. However, due to the limited battery constraint in WSNs, it faces several challenges of node failure, data drop, etc. There are many routing algorithms in the literature that ensures the energy efficiency routing by enhancing the network lifetime. But still the challenges of data aggregation, dynamic path selection needs much attention to further maximize the nodes lifetime. In this paper, a multi-hop routing is proposed with an additionally deployed master node to minimize the load on cluster head (CH) and base station (BS) node. The master node is deployed in the middle of the network, and it has been assumed that a master node is static node with power connection. The proposed network is divided into multiple zones according to nodes energy. The proposed network has shown better throughput and network lifetime. Also, the proposed scheme has shown lesser data drop and failure rate.
Digitalization in Agricultural Marketing: The Future of India
Authors: Garg Mohit , Singhal Shelly
Published: April 2022

Digitalization is a new word for all sectors. With all the sectors, the agricultural sector is also shifting towards digitalization all around the globe. There are many issues and challenges associated in the commercialization of agricultural produce. Limited approach to the information of market, intermediaries in the agricultural supply chain, financial problems, lack of infrastructure, lack of storage facilities are some of them [1]. The central government along with the state government and private sector is on verge of a revolutionary change in agricultural marketing through various initiatives like E-NAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market) [7], contract farming [2-4], agricultural apps, etc. For this study, the real progress of different initiatives in India, especially E-NAM, contract agreements has been studied from April 2016 to 2020. These initiatives creates a belief that historical agriculture would be converted into a business venture and the young and literate generation would get engaged to the sector shortly soon.
Impact of Human Resource Management on Employee Performance Through Employee Satisfaction
Authors: Ghosh Sharada , Mishra Sitikantha , Gupta Anubhuti , Sharma Neha
Published: April 2022

This research started with the intention of finding out how HRM can improve employee performance while employee satisfaction plays a mediating role. In order to identify the same a total of 5 hypotheses were developed that are mentioned below. H0: Training and development given by HRM ensures employee satisfaction and employee performance. H1: Performance appraisal by HRM ensures employee satisfaction and employee performance. H2: Compensation and benefits by HRM ensures employee satisfaction and employee performance. H3: Work-life balance by HRM ensures employee satisfaction and employee performance. H4: Career planning by HRM ensures employee satisfaction and employee performance. H5: Positive and friendly workplace culture ensures employee satisfaction and employee performance. Every independent variable within these hypotheses is activities that are performed by the HRM department of an organization. By linking these variables with Maslow's hierarchy of needs it is identified how these variables are triggering employee satisfaction. Then from existing literature it is concluded that these factors by triggering employee satisfaction are ensuring better employee performance in an organization.
Techno-Economic Analysis of FDCA Production through Electrocatalytic Processes
Authors: Massaro Maria Chiara , Monteverde Alessandro Hugo Antonio
Published: April 2022

The conversion of biomass into high-value chemicals and its coupling with electrochemical industry represent a viable sustainable alternative to the use of traditional petrochemical processes. The aim of this paper is to investigate the electrochemical production process of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) starting from lignocellulosic biomass, which provides 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as reaction intermediate. The process investigated is based on the scale-up of a model proposed in literature, characterized by the continuous oxidation of HMF into FDCA, catalysed by Ni/NiOOH foam, and its recovery by two-step pH-shift crystallization and subsequent filtration. The imposed productivity is 10000 tons y−1 with an overall process yield of about 70% and a separation efficiency of 95%. From the techno-economic analysis, the estimated minimum selling price (MSP) of FDCA is about 3.67 € kg−1 which is compared with the market price of terephthalic acid, showing no current feasibility of the process on industrial scale. Several factors contribute to the increase in the FDCA price: the high cost of production of HMF, the use of large quantities of acidic and basic substances, the low process yield. Sensitivity analysis shows the impact of HMF, hydrogen and electricity costs on FDCA price.
Exploring Electrochemical Flow-Cell Designs and Parameters for CO2 Reduction to Formate under Industrially Relevant Conditions
Authors: Kirner Joel , Chen Yifu , Liu Hengzhou , Song Junhua , Liao Jinyun , Li Wenzhen , Zhao Feng
Published: April 2022

Potassium formate can be considered an environmentally friendly and low-corrosion deicing material. Herein we explore and develop electrochemical solutions for on-site formate production from CO₂ under ambient conditions. We screen a variety of cathode catalysts in both H-type and gas-diffusion flow-type cells, and explore several possible flow-cell device configurations with various electrolytes and membrane candidates. We demonstrate a cell capable of industrially relevant current densities (≥200 mA cm−2) while maintaining faradaic efficiency of 95% for formate and electrochemical energy efficiency >20%, and compare our results to the state-of-the-art system in the literature.
Electrolytic Conversion of Natural Graphite into Carbon Nanostructures with Enhanced Electrical Conductivity and Na-ion Storage Performance
Authors: Zhao Haoyu , Rezaei Asma , Kamali Ali Reza
Published: April 2022

This article reports on the electrochemical exfoliation of natural graphite into electrolytic carbon nanostructure (ECN) containing three dimensional clusters of onion-like carbon nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. The exfoliation process is conducted in molten LiCl-NaCl at 740 °C. The morphological and structural characteristics of ECN are correlated to its electrical and electrochemical performances. Due to the presence of highly graphitized nanotubes, the bulk electrical conductivity of ECN is found to be remarkable at 9.7 S cm−1. Also, an enlarged d002 interlayer spacing is recorded on onion-like carbon nanoparticles present in ECN, enhancing the Na-ion storage performance of the material, with the reversible capacity of 175 mAh g−1 recorded after 385 Na-ion insertion and extraction cycles at the current density of 200 mA g−1. This article discusses the molten salt conversion of natural graphite minerals into nanostructured carbon with enhanced electrical conductivity and Na-ion storage performance.
Reduced-order modeling of PEM fuel cells using asymptotic analysis
Authors: Sulzer Valentin , Mohtat Peyman , Siegel Jason B.
Published: April 2022

Fast and accurate simulations are necessary for control and management of fuel cell devices in the realworld. Various approaches have been applied to speed-up the computation time of physics-based fuel cellmodels. These methods often involve ad hoc simplifying assumptions. In this work, we utilize a systematicapproach of asymptotic analysis to reduce the computational time of a 1D through-plane fuel cell model.The new reduced-order model reduced the computation time by an order of magnitude, while maintainingthe accuracy of most important variables to a great degree. The implementation of both the full andreduced-order models are freely available through the open source software package PyBaMM.
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Low Back Pain Depends on Duration and Magnitude of Axial Compression
Authors: Li Jitian , Ma Yan , Jiao Yucheng , Xu Libo , Luo Yage , Zheng Jiancheng , Zhang Xingkai , Chen Zhe
Published: April 2022

Purpose. The pathological role of axial stress in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is controversial, and there was no quantified study until now. Here, we tried to clarify the correlation between IDD or low back pain (LBP) and axial stress at different duration and magnitude in vitro and in vivo. Method. In vitro, the gene expression of aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP) was measured when nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were compressed under gradual severity. In vivo, a measurable Ilizarov-type compression apparatus was established for single coccygeal (Co) intervertebral disc (IVD) compression of Co7-8 in mouse. Gradient stress was placed at 0.4 Mpa (mild), 0.8 Mpa (moderate), and 1.2 Mpa (severe) for three days to investigate the effect of the magnitude of axial stress. Additionally, mild compression with 3, 7, and 14 days was used to determine the effect of the duration of axial stress. Subsequently, we evaluated the severity of IDD and LBP by radiological X-ray film; histological examination with H&E staining; immunohistochemical analysis with collagen II, aggrecan, and CGRP staining; and western blot analysis with collagen II, aggrecan, MMP-3, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Results. When NPCs suffered gradual increased mechanical stress, the cells exhibited gradual downregulated expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene of aggrecan, upregulated expression of IDD-related gene of MMP3, and LBP-related gene of CGRP and SP. In the meantime, with different magnitudes of axial stress, the IVD showed progressively severe IDD and LBP, with gradual narrowing intervertebral height, destruction of IVD anatomy, decreased ECM, and increased catabolic factors and proalgesic peptides. Conclusion. Axial compression is one of the critical pathological factors to cause IDD and LBP, and there was a strong positive correlation depended on the duration and magnitude of compression.
Propagation of Theobroma cacao by Rooted Cuttings in Mini-Tunnels
Authors: Zamora Lucía Melissa Vásquez , Aguila Sofía Rengifo-Del , Abad Juan Carlos Guerrero , Torres Geomar Vallejos , Correa Sixto Alfredo Imán , Flores Elías Torres , Sequeira Francisco Mesén , Guivin Mike Anderson Corazon
Published: April 2022

Cacao is an economically important crop that is currently planted in Asia, Africa, and America. Cuttings is a technique of vegetative propagation suitable for the conservation of selected desirable characteristics in cacao trees. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rooting of cacao cuttings in mini-tunnels with different doses of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to obtain a simple and viable vegetative propagation protocol. The experiment was carried out under a completely randomized design (CRD). Cuttings 5 to 7 cm long were collected from the middle area of cacao tree crowns and treated with doses of 0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm of IBA; then they were placed in Jiffy© pellets and set to root in plastic-covered mini-tunnels with fog irrigation. The results indicate that treatments with 0 and 1000 ppm of IBA produced the highest values in survival (100%, both treatments) and rooting percentage (87.7 and 90.0%, respectively) as well as number and length of roots (4.3 roots-4.21 cm in length and 4.5 roots-5.32 cm in length, respectively); likewise, cuttings treated with 0 ppm rooted after 24–40 days, followed by doses of 1000 ppm (24–46 days). All rooted cuttings without IBA (0 ppm) achieved 100% acclimatization in nursery. In general, the best results were obtained without IBA application (Control 0 ppm) in all the parameters evaluated, similar to those obtained with the application of 1000 ppm IBA; these results indicate the success and efficiency of the vegetative propagation protocol proposed in this study.
Potential Key Markers for Predicting the Prognosis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Based on the Expression of Ferroptosis-Related lncRNA
Authors: Cai Yanqun , Wu Susu , Jia Yifan , Pan Xiao , Li Caiqin
Published: April 2022

Background. Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and it ranks third in global cancer-related mortality. This research was aimed at identifying new targeted treatments for gastric adenocarcinoma by constructing a ferroptosis-related lncRNA prognostic feature model. Methods. The gene expression profile and clinical data of gastric adenocarcinoma patients were downloaded from TCGA database. FerrDb database was used to determine the expression of iron death-related genes. We used R software to clean the TCAG gastric adenocarcinoma gene expression cohort and screen iron death-related differential genes and lncRNAs. The potential prognostic markers and immune infiltration characteristics were determined by constructing prognostic model and multivariate validation of lncRNA related to ferroptosis prognosis. Finally, the characteristics of immune infiltration were determined by immune correlation analysis. Results. We identified 26 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs with independent prognostic value. The Kaplan-Meier analysis identified high-risk lncRNAs associated with poor prognosis of STAD. The risk scoring model constructed by AC115619.1, AC005165.1, LINC01614, and AC002451.1 was better than traditional clinicopathological features. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of STAD patients were predicted by the nomogram. GSEA reveals the oxidative respiration and tumor-related pathways in different risk groups. Immune analysis found significant differences in the expression of immune checkpoint-related genes TNFSF9, TNFSF4, and PDCD1LG2 between the two groups of patients. Meanwhile, there were significant differences in APC co stimulation, CCR, and checkpoint between the two groups. Conclusion. Based on the prognostic characteristics of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs, we identified the potential ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and immune infiltration characteristics in gastric adenocarcinoma, which will help provide new targeted treatments for gastric adenocarcinoma.
Evaluation of the Effect of Comprehensive and Targeted Surveillance on Nosocomial Infections in Nephrology Patients
Authors: Zheng Jiali , Fei Jiuying , Li Hongbo , Xu Yan
Published: April 2022

The article summarizes the control strategy by discussing the risk factors of nosocomial infections in the nephrology department. A survey of hospitalized patients from January 2020 to December 2020 showed that there are six types of bacteria that can cause infections. The age of the patient, the risk of invasive surgery, the low use of antibiotics, and age are all independent factors that affect the risk of nosocomial infections in the patient. The more antibiotics used, the better the infection prevention effect. Among the many risk factors for patient infection, bacterial infection is the main risk factor. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection rate was the highest, 33.98%; Staphylococcus aureus infection rate was the lowest, 6.80%. Therefore, the nephrology department should focus on strengthening the prevention of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, and implement early prevention and management interventions for various risk factors.
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Impact on Life Quality in a Cohort of Russian Patients with Parkinson’s Disease I-III H&Y Stage
Authors: Pilipovich A. A. , Vorob’eva O. V. , Makarov S. A. , Shindryaeva N. N. , Vorob’eva Yu D.
Published: April 2022

Background. There are still no clearly proven methods to slow down or stop the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thus, improving the quality of life (QoL) of patients with PD becomes of primary importance. Autonomic dysfunction and its symptoms are known to worsen the quality of life in PD, but the degree of this influence is underinvestigated. Particularly, impacts of the separate significant gastrointestinal symptoms, such as dyspepsia, constipation, and abdominal pain, in PD should be more precisely evaluated with the help of specific scales. Objective. To assess the impacts of gastrointestinal dysfunction and its symptoms on PD patient’s QoL using PDQ-39. Methods. 111 PD patients in the I-III Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage were enrolled in the study. The following scales were applied: UPDRS III, PDQ-39, GSRS, GDSS, MMSE, BDI, STAI-S, and STAI-T. Results. The linear regression model showed that the PDQ-39 SI depended on summary assessments GSRS-SI (β = 0.333,

p
<
0.001

), BDI (β = 0.463,

p
<
0.001

), and UPDRS III (β = 0.163,

p
<
0.05

). The use of the stepwise method, adding GSRS-SI and UPDRS III scores to the BDI predictor, improved the model (R2 increased from 0.454 to 0.574). The investigation of GSRS domain’s influence revealed that PDQ-39 SI had a significant correlation with almost all of them, but the regression analysis showed significant QoL impacts of only two factors: constipation and abdominal pain (β = 0.288,

p
<
0.01

and β = 0.243,

p
<
0.05

accordingly). Conclusions. Our results suggest a considerable negative influence of depression and gastrointestinal dysfunction (especially constipation and abdominal pain) on QoL of patients with PD. Their impact on QoL in patients with I-III H&Y stages of PD is more significant than that of motor symptoms. Therefore, the correction of depression and gastrointestinal dysfunction should be prioritized in PD therapy.
Beta-Agonist, Ractopamine Hydrochloride, Improves Growth, Alters Body Composition, and Suppresses Gonadal Maturation in All-Female Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Rahman Md. Moshiur , Salin Krishna R. , Tsusaka Takuji W. , Yakupitiyage Amararatne
Published: April 2022

All-female giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii has a significant growth limitation due to its early sexual maturity. A 60-day trial was carried out to determine the effect of beta-agonist, ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC), on the growth performance, body composition, and gonadal maturation of all-female prawns. Prawn juveniles (

4.39
±
0.40

 g initial weight) were stocked at 10 prawns/m2 in 15 plastic tanks (1000 liters each) in a completely randomized design with four treatments and a control (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg) in triplicate. The significantly (

p
<
0.05

) highest values of final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed in the female prawns fed with the diet containing 10 mg/kg RAC, while the lowest values were found in the control tank. Similarly, survival rate, feed conversion rate (FCR), and condition factors were observed among all treatments, which were significantly better than the control (0 mg/kg). Significantly greater yield and lower gonadosomatic index (GSI) values were obtained in prawns fed with a 10 mg/kg RAC-containing diet than in all other treatments, except for the diet containing 15 mg/kg RAC, while the lowest yield was produced by the control tank. A diet containing 10 mg/kg RAC had significantly improved the whole-body protein content in prawns, while diets containing 10 and 15 mg/kg RAC exhibited lower lipid content in prawns than in the other treatments. A significant increase in the number of Stage 1 (virgin) females (up to 54% at 10 mg/kg RAC diet) was found in all RAC treatments, while the control had a significantly higher number of females at various maturity stages, indicating that RAC administration effectively suppresses gonadal maturity. Residue analysis of whole prawn samples at the end of the trial indicated no trace of ractopamine. The quadratic regression analysis of weight gain, SGR, FCR, and yield revealed that the optimum dietary ractopamine level for all-female prawn culture should be between 10 and 15 mg/kg.
Visual Space System Design in Digital Media Art Design
Authors: Wang Mengyao , Wang Jingyu , Zhang Chuan
Published: April 2022

With the development of the economy, graphic design has become one of the main forms of commercial advertising. Designers design different graphic design schemes for different layouts and design requirements, which puts forward new requirements for graphic design process work. With the advancement of technology, graphic design (or visual communication design) supported by digital media technology is not limited to print media, and network media is also included. This research mainly discusses the visual space system in digital media art design. It can be said that the reconstructed space under virtual reality is based on interaction, has an immersive and imaginative space, and is combined with narrative to a certain extent to create a new form of expression for the information expression of space design. This paper first interprets the concept of “space” from psychology, painting art, and film art produced. Then explain the particularity of digital media art design, and it uses the design works to explain the content of the exposition. Connecting digital technology can bring people the uniqueness of aesthetics. This paper makes related theoretical research on the design practice of visual space. In this paper, visual perception in psychology is introduced into design thinking. The concept of visual space is not only expressed in art and culture but also involves the concept of space and time in physics and the scientific research theory of visual perception in psychology. It breaks through the level of perceptual cognition of space in art design. 31.85% of the respondents think that visual space design is attractive. Now is the era of new media interaction. The development of interactive technology and devices has brought infinite possibilities to visual communication design. We cannot accurately say its future development and changes. Because of the emergence of new technologies and media, visual communication design is also expanding its own types of works, and it is constantly developing and improving through the study of people’s emotions and the combination of design and technology. This research has positive significance for the development of the visuospatial system. The advancement of digital media technology has enriched the means of expression in space design creation and expanded people’s living spaces. Through the combination of modern digital media technology at multiple levels and multiple channels, various new spaces can be created to further meet the new needs of contemporary people.
Study of Hospitalization Costs in Patients with Cerebral Ischemia Based on E-CHAID Algorithm
Authors: Gong Jing , Wang Ying , Huang Siou-Tang , Chiu Herng-Chia
Published: May 2022

Background. The aging of the population has led to a rapid increase in the prevalence of most neurological diseases between 1990 and 2016, with a growth rate of up to 117%, which has put enormous pressure on medical insurance funds. As one of the core diseases of disease diagnosis grouping, the hospitalization cost composition and grouping research of patients with cerebral ischemic disease can help to determine scientific payment standards and reduce the economic burden of patients. Aim. We aimed to understand the cost composition and influencing factors of hospitalized patients with cerebral ischemic diseases and to identify a reasonable cost grouping scheme. Methods. The data come from the homepage of medical records of inpatients with cerebral ischemia in a tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province from 2018 to 2020. After cleaning the data, a total of 5,204 pieces of data were obtained. Nonparametric tests and gamma regression models were used to explore the influencing factors of hospitalization costs. Taking the influencing factors as the predictor variables and the hospitalization cost as the target variable, the exhaustive Chi-squared automatic interaction detector (E-CHAID) algorithm was used to form the costs grouping, and the payment standard of the hospitalization cost for each group was determined. The rationality of cost grouping was evaluated by coefficient of variation (CV) and Kruskal–Wallis H test. Results. From 2018 to 2020, the average hospital stay of 5,204 inpatients with cerebral ischemic disease was 10.70 days, and the average hospitalization cost was 17,206.09 RMB yuan. Among the hospitalization costs, diagnosis costs and drug costs accounted for the highest proportion, accounting for 41.18% and 22.38%, respectively, in 2020. Gender, age, admission route, comorbidities and complications, super length of stay (>30 days), and discharge mode had significant effects on hospitalization costs (P < 0.05). Patients were divided into 10 cost groups, and the grouping nodes included comorbidities and complications, discharge mode, age, gender, and admission route. The CV of 9 of the 10 cost groups is less than or equal to 1. The Kruskal–Wallis H test showed that the difference between groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The cost grouping of patients with cerebral ischemic diseases based on the E-CHAID algorithm is reasonable. This study examined the effects of super length of stay (>30 days), comorbidities and complications, and age on hospitalization cost in patients with cerebral ischemic disease. This study can provide a theoretical basis for advancing the China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups (CHS-DRG) grouping program and medical expense payment, thereby reducing the disease burden of patients.