bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Various birth techniques: home birth, water birth, lotus birth, hypno birth, and birth position
Authors: Winata I Gde Sastra , Harrista Daniel Victor , Setiawan William Alexander
Published: July 2024

Background: The birth process varies greatly; health workers should be able to provide education about each technique and help patients plan their labor process. Each delivery technique is assessed from the mother's side and the baby's side, not only for patient satisfaction but also for patient safety. This article will provide a review of various birth technique known which are home birth, water birth, lotus birth, hypno birth, and including various birth position.
Methods: This article is a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies from studies published in PubMed, Cochrane, the British Medical Journal, BioMed Central, and Elsevier, published in 2015 to 2023. The study sample included healthy maternal nulliparous or multiparous women with a low risk of complications. The focus of the research is on childbirth using home birth techniques, water birth, lotus birth, hypno birth, and birth positions. This article includes research conducted in hospitals, maternity homes, and patients' homes.
Results: There are 6 studies included in this review. Each of which provide the perspectives and experiences of patients and healthworkers regarding various birth technique used.
Conclusions: Each birthing technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. Each birthing technique also has its own recommendation criteria so that a birthing technique cannot be used for every birthing patient. The birthing technique and birthing position must be adjusted to the patient's condition and the medical facilities available at that time.
The Characteristics and Knowledge of Family of Patients with CKD about AV- Shunt At Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital
Authors: Rivai Mohammad Arif , Junaidi Fachrul , Khalilullah Saif Alvin , Muzakkir Yumna
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Identifying the CKD progression of the patient should be presented with a range of choices for renal replacement treatment. Therefore, establishing vascular access for hemodialysis is significantly correlated with the survival rate of patients as well as knowledge related to access. Thus, in this study, we aim to report the characteristics and knowledge of the family of patients with CKD about AV-shunt at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital.
Method: This research is descriptive research with a retrospective approach. This study evaluated the "Social Demographic and Medical Character" and "Knowledge towards AV Shunt" family of patients with CKD at RSUD Dr. Zainoel Abidin in Banda Aceh.  The samples in this study were all patients undergoing hemodialysis who had carried out AV-shunt at the hemodialysis installation at RSUD Dr. Zainoel Abidin from July 1 to July 31, 2021.  The data were analyzed descriptively by using SPSS.
Results: From 80 respondents, an average age of 50.39 ± 12.594. Most AV Shunt care trainers are from doctors, and the rest are from doctors and nurses (6,3%). Regarding our study, 88,8% of the patients' families received education related to the AV-shunt, and only 11,3% did not.
Conclusion: Regarding this study, we can conclude that the patient’s family knows about AV Shunt but must still be evaluated to maintain good AV Shunt function.
Bacterial patterns and antibiotics sensitivity in culture tests of diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Raja Fauzan Teuku , Mahfudz Lauhil
Published: July 2024

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the complications of DM which can cause a decrease in productivity in patients. Diabetic ulcers make it easier for bacteria to grow and infect the body. Some pathogenic bacteria that are often found are Staphylococcus aureus, And Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus is wonderful. Antibiotics play an important role in the management of diabetic ulcers infected with bacteria, where the most sensitive antibiotics are Amikacin, Erythromycin, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, and Ampicillin. Therefore, this study aims to determine the bacterial patterns and bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics in diabetic ulcer patients in the surgical inpatient room of RSUDZA Banda Aceh.
Method: This research is descriptive observational with a retrospective approach using medical record data from diabetic ulcer patients from August 2021 – August 2022. Sample collection was carried out randomly. non-probability sampling namely with total sampling. Data will be analyzed using univariate analysis
Results: There were 60 samples of diabetic ulcer sufferers who underwent pus culture examination and antibiotic sensitivity testing in this study. Based on gender, men are the most likely to suffer from dibasic ulcers, namely 41 samples. The average age of diabetic ulcer sufferers was above 65 years in 19 samples. From the pus culture examination, it was found that the 4 most commonly found bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus (13), E. Coli (13), Klebsiella pneumonia (10), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8). Based on the antibiotic sensitivity pattern, Meropenem has the strongest sensitivity to bacterial pneumonia and E. coli. Meanwhile, Levofloxacin has the strongest sensitivity to bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the cause of most diabetic ulcer infections are Staphylococcus aureus and E. Coli, while the antibiotics of choice are Meropenem and Levofloxacin because they have the highest sensitivity.
Correlation of cell apoptosis index and hematology profile in children with acute myeloblastic leukemia with chemotherapy induction
Authors: Rahman Arief , Nugroho Susanto , Wicaksono Sony
Published: July 2024

Background: Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is one of the most prevalent pediatric neoplasms, with a poor prognosis and high risk of relapse. Response to induction of chemotherapy and complication occurrence are crucial in the AML patient's outcome. Chemotherapy can induce apoptosis in a cancer cell and the blood cell as a side effect that can cause severe complications. This study aims to evaluate the cell apoptosis index and its correlation with hematologic profile (hemoglobin, leucocyte, thrombocyte, absolute neutrophile count/ANC) between induction chemotherapy administration.
Methods: Observational study was performed on children with AML who will undergo induction chemotherapy. The cell apoptosis index and the hematologic profile were evaluated before and after induction chemotherapy. The data was then analyzed to compare the cell apoptosis index and its correlation with the hematologic profile.
Result: The mean age of the subjects was 13.6 years old, similar to previous epidemiologic studies, which showed the main incidence at 15 years old. There was a significant increase in cell apoptosis index (p=0.014) and a significant decrease in hemoglobin level (p=0.031) and ANC (p=0.05). The cell apoptosis index had a significantly strong negative correlation with all hematologic profiles.
Conclusion: Cell apoptosis index increased after induction chemotherapy in pediatric AML and correlated with the hematologic profile.
Association of vitamin D and phosphor levels with growth retardation in children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ariani  , Krisni Subandiyah , Yoella Hutabarat Priscilla
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Growth retardation is a complication often found in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Growth retardation is characterized by the failure to reach a child's potential linear growth height. Fifty percent of children with CKD will have a height below the third percentile. The causes of growth retardation in CKD are multifactorial. One of them is the electrolyte balance of phosphorus and lack of vitamin D levels which play a role in the linear growth disorders of children with CKD. This study aims to determine the relationship between vitamin D and phosphorus levels on growth retardation in children with chronic kidney disease.
Methods: This observational retrospective analytic study was conducted at the Polyclinic and Inpatient Room of the Department of Pediatrics in Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang from June 1, 2021 to September 2021. There were 68 subjects, divided into 2 groups: patients with CKD with growth retardation and without growth retardation, age ranging from 2 -18 years. Univariate test is used to describe the frequency distribution of each variable. The Chi-Square test used determines the correlation of each variable, the Spearman correlation test to see the strength of the relationship between the variables of vitamin D and phosphorus on growth retardation. The significance level and confidence interval were P<0.05 and 95%, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.26 for windows.
Result: We found a correlation between vitamin D levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and growth retardation (P=0.005), as well as a correlation between phosphorus levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and growth retardation (p=0.022).Vitamin D and phosphorus had a correlation coefficients of 0.427, and 0.300 to growth retardation (p<0.05). We also found a significant direct correlation between vitamin D and growth retardation (β= 0.358, p=0.002), which shows a greater effect than the indirect relationship between vitamin D and phosphorus-mediated growth retardation.
Conclusion: There is a significant corr between vitamin D level and phosphorus on growth retardation in children with chronic kidney disease.
Intravenous aminophylline treatment for severe asthma exacerbation in a toddler: an evidence-based case report
Authors: Rahmania Merrynta , Ery Olivianto
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Asthma is the most prevalent chronic condition in childhood causing enormous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute severe exacerbations are potentially life-threatening and often need hospitalization. Incomplete or poor response to initial treatment requires additional interventions that commonly are intravenous second-line drugs, of which Aminophylline is one of them. Although Aminophylline is costly and effective, views are polarising that its use is unsafe. Herein we report a case of intravenous aminophylline use in severe asthma exacerbation in a toddler.
Case description: A 3-year-old boy previously diagnosed with asthma came to the emergency room due to severe shortness of breath. He had breathlessness which was more pronounced when he was lying down. He looked restless and irritable. Bilateral wheezing, tachypnea, tachycardia and chest withdrawal were noted. Because of poor response to standard initial treatment, intravenous Aminophylline was given and showed complete relief without the occurrence of the anticipated serious adverse event.
Conclusion: When first-line inhaled/nebulized medication fails to control a child's asthma exacerbation, Aminophylline may be utilized. It must be considered a cost-effective treatment for acute asthma exacerbations, especially for developing countries with limited health budgets, even though it is thought to have a narrow therapeutic range and a large inter-individual variance in clearance.
Relationship between vitamin D levels with nutritional status and children's obesity in Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang
Authors: Puryatni Anik , Tjahjono Harjoedi Adji , Tetty Hanna
Published: July 2024

Background: Obesity is a condition marked by an excessive buildup of body fat tissue and is characterized by a recognizable clinical picture. An imbalance between energy intake and energy output leads to obesity. Both obesity and vitamin D insufficiency are serious health issues of the present. It was claimed that the mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue might be impacted by active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D). This study aimed to find a relationship between vitamin D levels with nutritional status and children's obesity in Saiful Anwar Hospital.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional approach with a consecutive sampling method. Seventy-five subjects met the inclusion criteria in the Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang pediatric ward in February-March 2022. The samples were then examined for vitamin D levels. Subjects were grouped based on good nutritional status, overweight, and obesity. The basic characteristics of the research subjects included gender, age, anthropometric status, nutritional status, and vitamin D levels.
Results: The results showed that vitamin D levels were lower in overweight and obese children (median 17.6 and 14.08 kg/m2) than in normal nutrition children (median 34 kg/m2). Vitamin D and children's nutritional status had a significant relationship (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Vitamin D levels and children's nutritional status were significantly correlated, with vitamin D levels being lower in overweight and obese children than in children with normal nutrition.
Efficacy of ketogenic diet therapy in infants with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tejaputri Nadzila Anindya , Maryam Salsabiila , Clarisa Dina , Amelia Putri
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The ketogenic diet therapy, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, has been known since the 1920s as a therapeutic option in treating drug-resistant epilepsy. However, with the increasing incidence of the infant population, research on this subject is still limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ketogenic diet therapy in infants with epilepsy.
Methods: We searched the articles from Cochrane Library, Embase, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Four investigators independently performed screening, study selection, extracted data, and assessed the quality of relevant articles. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale to assess the risk of bias in included articles. We present the results of the meta-analysis using a forest plot.
Results: We identified 1781 studies from database screening, with eight cohort studies in this study. Our meta-analysis revealed that an estimate of 69% of infants with epilepsy achieved ≥50% seizure reduction in three months follow-up (95% confidence interval [CI] 56- 82%) and an estimate of 36% of infants achieved seizure freedom (95% confidence interval [CI] 20- 51%). Retention rates ranged from 91% at three months to 28% at 24 months. The most common side effects reported were dyslipidemia (131/355, 36.9%), gastrointestinal disturbances (66/355, 18.6%), and hyperkeratosis/acidosis (42/355, 11.8%).
Conclusion: Ketogenic diet therapy is well tolerated and effectively reduces seizure frequency at three months in infants with epilepsy.
Comparison efficacy and safety sodium valproate versus combination sodium valproate and levetiracetam for treatment epilepsy in children: a meta-analysis
Authors: Gasti Detria Rahma , Hapsari Aulia Sita , Ulifah Karima Iffani
Published: July 2024

Background: The most prevalent severe neurological condition, impacting more than 50 million individuals globally, is epilepsy. A new anti-epileptic drug (AED) called levetiracetam (LEV) has shown promise as an adjuvant treatment for children's treatment-resistant partial-onset seizures. Sodium valproate (SV) is a commonly used anti-epileptic medication that has a range of effects and a distinct mode of action. Combining LEV and SV has emerged as a viable clinical treatment plan. This study aimed to use meta-analysis to estimate the safety and effectiveness of LEV with SV in pediatric epilepsy patients.
Methods: From January 1993 to April 2023, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were searched. The included literature consisted of randomized controlled clinical trials that examined the use of SV in conjunction with LEV in pediatric epileptic patients. This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. The statistical program used for the meta-analysis was Revman V.5.4.1.
Results: From 568 original titles screened, data were extracted from 3 studies (n=303). Compared with SV alone, SV combined with LEV significantly improved the overall therapeutic effect of epilepsy (OR=0.80; 95%CI= 0.72-0.89; p<0.0001). The observation group significantly reduced the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of nausea and vomiting (OR=2.77; 95%CI=1.08-7.09; p=0.03).
Conclusion: According to this meta-analysis, SV plus LEV considerably increased the overall therapeutic effect of epilepsy while concurrently lowering the incidence of ADRs when compared to SV alone. Thus, for treating epilepsy in children, we advise SV in conjunction with LEV.
The Effectiveness of Analgesics in Pain Treatment in Critically Ill Children: a Literature Review
Authors: Taufiq Kadafi Kurniawan , Yuliarto Saptadi , Jihan Ruhi Said Astika , Khalasha Takhta
Published: July 2024

Adequate pain management is an important and common requirement in health care in pediatric intensive care units. There are many pain assessment scales in children based on the literature, but the guidelines for using pain scales as a guide in pain management have not been widely discussed. One of the most common pain interventions is to provide opioid or non-opioid analgesics. Analgesic drugs given to critically ill children can provide different anti-pain outcomes when measured by a pain scale. Therefore, this literature review will compare the effectiveness of analgesics in pain management in critically ill children.
COVID-19 vaccine for adolescents with chronic disease or disabilities
Authors: Tjahjono Harjoedi Adji , Almiradani Ayunda , Salim Irfan Agus , Mutaqi Fadilah , Ariani  , Wulandari Hajeng
Published: July 2024

Background: Indonesia has a relatively high number of COVID-19 cases and mortalities, including children and adolescents groups. Vaccination coverage for these groups is currently low, especially in the population of children with disabilities and special needs, due to the difficulty of assisting them. The objective of this study was to share the data on the COVID-19 vaccine for adolescents with chronic diseases or disabilities.
Methods: This descriptive study uses data collected from two hospitals in September 2021. We analyzed the patients' characteristics, age groups, diagnoses, comorbidities, and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of the adolescents injected with the COVID-19 vaccine.
Results: From a total of 94 adolescents, 51 have disabilities, and 43 have chronic disease. Disabilities include children with special needs (54%), attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (4%), autism (11%), cerebral palsy (4%), and Down syndrome (27%). The accompanying chronic diseases vary widely, such as diabetes mellitus (28%), asthma (14%), rheumatic heart disease (14%) and thalassemia (14%). There were 6 patients found to have AEFI. Three of them have diabetes mellitus, the other two patients have thalassemia, and the other one patient has Down syndrome. Varies AEFIs were found, including fever, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, hunger, and itching. All symptoms were improved within hours and did not require hospitalization.
Conclusion: Adolescents with disabilities and chronic diseases require special assistance and extra care during vaccination. The COVID-19 vaccine is relatively safe for adolescents in these groups without significant side effects.
Correlation between nutritional status, leukocyte levels, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio to the incidence of respiratory failure in children under five years of age with pneumonia at Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Hospital, Samarinda
Authors: Ainurfaiz Fiqridiyanto  , Rachmi Eva , Muhyi Annisa
Published: July 2024

Background: The most common infectious infection-related fatality in children under five worldwide is pneumonia, an acute infection of the lung parenchyma. Hypoxemia can induce respiratory failure and pneumonia-related deaths. For children with pneumonia under five years old, several possible predictors, including nutritional status, leukocyte counts, and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (RNL), can be used to forecast respiratory failure. Because these three criteria are common tests that can be employed in basic healthcare institutions, they are promising predictors. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status, leukocyte levels, and RNL on the incidence of respiratory failure in children under five years of age with pneumonia at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital, Samarinda.
Methods: The research design is case-control. All children with pneumonia under five years old receiving treatment at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda from January to December 2022 made up the study population. Purposive sampling was used to carry out the sampling. The patient's medical record provides the information. Independent T-test and Chi-square test were used to assess the data. Forty patients in all; 20 were case samples, and 20 were control samples.
Results: The results showed that the incidence of respiratory failure was related to nutritional status (OR=0.07; p=0.000; 95% CI 0.01 – 0.35), leukocyte levels (OR=35.28; p=0.000; 95% CI 3.86 – 321.98), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (p=0.036).
Conclusion: Malnutrition and poor nutritional status, high leukocyte levels, and high RNL have the potential to be predictors of respiratory failure in toddlers with pneumonia.
Assessing the relationship between anthropometric factors and refractive errors in school-age children: height, weight, or BMI?
Authors: Risnanda Muhammad Rafi , Anandita Nanda Wahyu , Koentartiwi Dyahris , Wulandari Lely Retno
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Refractive errors (RE) are the leading cause of visual impairment and disability among children globally. Limited research exists on the relationship between anthropometric measures and refractive errors. This study aims to determine the correlation between weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and refractive errors in children.
Methods: This cross-sectional study employed purposive sampling in orphanages across Malang City. Participants were selected based on specific inclusion criteria. Data on their weight, height, BMI, and types of refractive errors were collected as ordinal data. Refractive errors were measured objectively using an auto-refractometer, categorizing refractive errors as myopia and hyperopia based on spherical equivalent results. To minimize subjective bias, we utilized a large sample size and established clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. Additionally, we defined operational definitions for each standardized measurement to ensure consistency and accuracy. Statistical analyses were conducted using an unpaired T-test and Spearman’s correlation test with SPSS software.
Results: A total of 362 participants aged 5–18 were included in the study, with 284 participants diagnosed with myopia and 78 with hyperopia. No significant differences were observed in mean body weight, height, or BMI between the myopia and hyperopia groups. Spearman's correlation test indicated no significant relationship between refractive errors and body weight (p > 0.05), height (p > 0.05), or BMI (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The study found no significant correlation between anthropometric status and the presence of refractive errors in children. Future research should consider more diverse settings and explore additional risk factors contributing to the prevalence of refractive abnormalities in children.
Exploration of the Use of Online Learning Applications to Improve Students' Mathematical Problem Solving
Authors: Sugestiana Sugestiana , Stevens Ken
Published: July 2024

This study aims to find out the exploration of the use of online learning applications in learning and learning strategies. Mathematics is one of the important lessons, because in studying mathematics students are expected to not only understand the material being taught but also understand and can be applied in everyday life. Mathematical problem solving ability is one of the most important skills involved in learning mathematics. The teacher's role in learning mathematics is very important because it relates to learning strategies that can be used in the teaching and learning process. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The technique of taking the subject in this study used the Purposive Sampling Technique. Exploration of the use of online learning applications in learning mathematics and learning strategies can be done in various ways, namely by conditioning fun and interactive learning and teachers can develop learning with Project Based Learning models that which can facilitate students to investigate, solve a mathematical problem, is student center and can produce a real work or product from the results of the project.
Efektivitas Pembelajan Daring melalui Pendekatan Activity, Class Discussion, dan Exercice (ACE) Menggunakan Rancangan Tugas Terstruktur Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika
Authors: Nio Tan Hian
Published: July 2024

Isolasi Pendidikan pada masa pandemi covid 19 tahun 2020-2022 menyebabkan terjadinya krisis pembelajaran pada satuan Pendidikan. Pembelajaran tatap muka di ruang kelas digantikan dengan pembelajaran online class di ruang maya yang berakibat kepada proses pembelajaran kurang terpantau, interkasi belajar, kinerja belajar, dan mutu akademik menurun. Terlepas kelemahan tersebut, pembelajaran daring menjadi salah satu alternatif perkuliahan dan mendorong peneliti melakukan penelitian dengan memilih pendekatan ACE menggunakan RTT pada pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian adalah menjelaskan efektifitas dan pengaruh pendekatan ACE menggunakan RTT berpengaruh positif terhadap pembelajaran Struktur Aljabar dalam konteks pembelajaran daring. Dengan analisis statistik deskriptif, n-gain, Cohen’d, paired sample test, menunjukkan pendekatan ACE menggunakan RTT berpengaruh positip dan efektif digunakan dalam perkuliahan daring.
Application, structure, salts and complexes of lidocaine: a review. Part VI. Thiocyanate complexes
Authors: Tsitsishvili Vladimer , Amirkhanashvili Koba
Published: July 2024

The review focuses on lidocaine (2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide), one of the most popular and widely used painkillers. This part of the review is an introduction to our results from studying the structure of two thiocyanate complexes of lidocaine. The properties of the thiocyanate group, the use of infrared spectroscopy to study the structure of lidocaine-containing compounds, and the infrared spectra of thiocyanates are considered. The work on studying the structure of thiocyanate and other lidocaine complexes, carried out in the 1990s by a group of researchers from the University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, India, is considered. It is shown that in all 15 structures studied, the protonation of the lidocaine molecule with the formation of the LidH+ cation, as well as subsequent formation of a charge transfer complex and a network of hydrogen bonds, were not taken into account.
Метод передачі даних у технології остання миля на основі одномодового багаточастотного з синхронізацією подовжніх мод лазерного випромінювання
Authors: Коломійцев Олексій , Комаров Володимир , Пашнєв Андрій , Пустоваров Володимир , Запара Денис , Бєлоус Михайло , Хабоша Сергій , Сальник Олег , Павлій Людмила , Присяжнюк Вікторія , Воробйов Олег , Любченко Олексій
Published: July 2024

У статті запропоновано метод передачі даних у технології остання миля, який заснований на використанні одномодового багаточастотного з синхронізацією подовжніх мод лазерного випромінювання (ЛВ) та селектору подовжніх мод (СПМ), що дозволяє збільшити об’єм передачі даних (інформації) у атмосферно-оптичних лініях зв’язку (АОЛЗ) та скоротити час на їх передачу. Синхронізація подовжніх мод дозволяє отримати не тільки генерування лазером-передавачем імпульсів світла дуже короткої тривалості, а й – забезпечити стабільні несучі частоти для їх подальшого використання. Розроблено СПМ, що виділяє подовжні моди зі спектру одномодового багаточастотного з синхронізацією подовжніх мод ЛВ лазера-передавача та має можливість формування N інформаційних каналів для передачі даних. Обґрунтовано склад та розкрито сутність роботи СПМ. Отримані аналітичні вирази для розрахунку інтенсивності ЛВ оптичних каналів СПМ та оцінці його втрат на елементах каналів. За результатами проведеної оцінки втрат ЛВ на елементах оптичних каналів СПМ встановлено, що втрати настільки мінімальні, що їх можливо не враховувати.
Характеристика енергетичного потенціалу станцій радіолокації, що забезпечують безпеку об’єктів критичної інфраструктури та властивостей відображення малих повітряних цілей в залежності від різних чинників
Authors: Азаренко Олена , Гончаренко Юлія , Дівізінюк Михайло , Землянський Олександр , Фаррахов Олександр
Published: July 2024

Аналізуються складові елементи енергетичного потенціалу станцій радіолокації, що забезпечують безпеку об’єктів критичної інфраструктури. Спочатку розглянуті складові енергетичного потенціалу радіолокаційної станції, що випливають із нестрогої нерівності дальності її дії. Потім дано опис практичного застосування нестрогої нерівності дальності дії станції радіолокації. Після чого проаналізовано енергетичні параметри електромагнітних хвиль, відображених від цілей радіолокації. Наприкінці зроблено висновок про основні складові енергетичного потенціалу та його вплив на забезпечення захисту об’єктів критичної інфраструктури держави від ударного терористичного впливу.
The Importance of Network Security in Protecting Sensitive Data and Information
Authors: Miracle Nwakeze Osita
Published: July 2024

Network security has remained a major concern especially in the modern world where technological advancement is rapidly evolving. This study explores the concept of data and information security especially in today’s environment where cyber risks like malware, phishing, DDoS, and insider threats are rampant. It covers the fundamentals of the network’s security measures such as Firewall, IDS, Encryption, Access control, VPNs, and Security Auditing & Monitoring. A qualitative analysis of secondary data and case studies such as the Equifax data breach and the Yahoo data hack is used to assess the effectiveness of these security measures in the real world. Regulatory compliance is also encouraged through the use of standards like GDPR, PCI DSS, and HIPAA to ensure that companies meet the set requirements; failing to do so attracts fines, lawsuits, or loss of reputation among other consequences. Measures like regular software updates and patching, secure user authentication, network segmentation and security consciousness among the workers should be adopted. These are important in avoiding risk occurrences, minimizing threats and providing a hardy protection for new risks. This will be a detailed step by step guide to help organizations improve their network security, manage compliance and data protection in the interconnected world of today, with a focus on the importance of strong network protection in ensuring data integrity and trust.
Phytochemical and Anti-Diarrhoeal Potential of Ipomea batatas Leaf Solvent Extract on Castor Oil Induced Diarrhoeal Rat Model
Authors: ADAMU Muazu Alkali , Ali Suleiman , Jawa Musa Magaji
Published: July 2024

The folkloric claim of Ipomoea batatas extracts in the management of diarrhoea is yet to be substantiated or refuted with scientific data. Therefore, the present study was aimed to screen the extracts of I. batatas for both its secondary metabolites, acute toxicity, and antidiarrhoeal activity at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight in rats and elemental analysis of the most active extract. The most active extract was screened for elemental analysis. Secondary metabolites were screened using standard methods while the antidiarrhoeal activity was done by adopting the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal and castor oil-induced enteropooling, models. The extracts contained flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, terpenes, and steroids were detected. The LD50 of extracts were found to be greater than 5000mg per kg body weight of the rats. The elemental analysis revealed the presence of potassium, zinc, sodium, and chloride. In the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model, the extracts significantly (𝑃 < 0.05) prolonged the onset time of diarrhoea, decreased in a number of faeces, fresh weight of faeces, and water content of faeces, and increased the inhibition of defecations. Na+/K+-ATPase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in the small intestine increased significantly (𝑃 < 0.05) whereas the extract produced dose-specific changes on intestinal nitric oxide content decreased. The decreases in the masses and volumes of intestinal fluid by the crude extracts was accompanied by increase in inhibition of intestinal fluid content in the enteropooling model.
Enhancing business performance: The role of data-driven analytics in strategic decision-making
Authors: Oluwatosin Abdul-Azeez  , Alexsandra Ogadimma Ihechere  , Courage Idemudia
Published: July 2024

In today’s highly competitive business landscape, organizations are increasingly turning to data-driven analytics to enhance performance and inform strategic decision-making. This approach leverages vast amounts of data, transforming it into actionable insights that drive efficiency, innovation, and growth. The role of data-driven analytics is multifaceted, encompassing predictive, prescriptive, and descriptive analytics, each contributing uniquely to the decision-making process. Predictive analytics forecasts future trends and behaviors, enabling proactive strategies. Prescriptive analytics provides recommendations for optimal actions based on various scenarios, while descriptive analytics offers a clear view of past performance, helping to identify patterns and opportunities for improvement. The integration of advanced data analytics tools and techniques has revolutionized how businesses operate, particularly in areas such as marketing, finance, supply chain management, and customer relationship management. By utilizing data analytics, companies can identify market trends, understand customer preferences, optimize operations, and reduce costs. For example, in marketing, data-driven insights allow for targeted campaigns and personalized customer experiences, leading to higher conversion rates and customer loyalty. In supply chain management, analytics improve demand forecasting and inventory management, enhancing overall efficiency. Furthermore, the adoption of data-driven analytics fosters a culture of evidence-based decision-making within organizations. Leaders can make informed decisions quickly, reducing the risks associated with gut-feel approaches and ensuring that strategies are aligned with market realities and organizational goals. This shift towards analytics-based decision-making is supported by advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, which enhance the accuracy and depth of insights generated from data. However, the journey to becoming a data-driven organization is not without challenges. It requires significant investments in technology, talent, and change management. Organizations must also address data privacy and security concerns to maintain stakeholder trust. Despite these challenges, the benefits of data-driven analytics in strategic decision-making are undeniable. It empowers businesses to navigate complexities, seize opportunities, and achieve sustainable competitive advantages. In conclusion, data-driven analytics is a critical enabler of enhanced business performance. Its strategic application in decision-making processes not only drives operational excellence but also positions organizations for long-term success in a dynamic market environment.
Keywords:  Decision-Making, Data-Driven, Analytics, Business Performance, Strategic.
The role of sub-branch managers in enhancing customer engagement in the telecommunications sector
Authors: Jumai Adama Buinwi  , Chinenye Gbemisola Okatta  , Ebunoluwa Johnson
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the essential role of sub-branch managers in enhancing customer engagement within the telecommunications sector, a field marked by intense competition and rapidly evolving customer expectations. Employing a comprehensive literature review methodology, this research examines the multifaceted responsibilities of sub-branch managers, focusing on their impact on customer satisfaction, loyalty, and overall organizational performance. Key findings reveal that sub-branch managers significantly influence customer engagement through the implementation of customer-centric strategies, effective internal communication, and the use of advanced Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems. Leadership styles such as transformational and servant leadership emerged as particularly effective in fostering a motivated workforce and enhancing customer interactions. The study also highlights the critical role of internal marketing and continuous improvement in maintaining high service standards and aligning organizational processes with customer needs. The study concludes that sub-branch managers are pivotal to the success of customer engagement initiatives in the telecommunications sector. Their ability to adapt to changing market conditions and proactively address customer feedback is crucial for sustaining customer loyalty and achieving business growth. Consequently, the study recommends telecommunications companies invest in leadership training and development programs for sub-branch managers, alongside the adoption of advanced CRM technologies and a culture of continuous improvement. These measures are essential for empowering sub-branch managers to drive customer engagement and secure a competitive advantage in a dynamic market.
Keywords:  Customer Engagement, Sub-Branch Managers, Telecommunications, Leadership, Customer Relationship Management, Internal Marketing.
Advancing strategic procurement: Enhancing efficiency and cost management in high-stakes environments
Authors: Patience Okpeke Paul  , Jane Osareme Ogugua  , Nsisong Louis Eyo-Udo
Published: July 2024

Strategic procurement is essential for organizational success, particularly in high-stakes environments where efficiency and cost management are critical. This paper explores strategies to enhance procurement efficiency and manage costs effectively. Key focus areas include process optimization through standardization and lean principles, integrating advanced technologies such as AI and blockchain, and the importance of skilled personnel and continuous training. Cost management strategies, including robust cost analysis techniques, effective negotiation tactics, and strong supplier relationship management, are also examined. Emerging trends, such as digital procurement platforms and sustainability practices, are discussed, highlighting their implications for procurement professionals. The paper concludes with a summary of key points. It suggests areas for future research to advance strategic procurement practices further.
Keywords:  Strategic Procurement, Efficiency, Cost Management, Supplier Relationship Management.
Strategic management and market analysis in business and agriculture: A comparative study
Authors: Eyitayo Raji  , Tochukwu Ignatius Ijomah  , Osemeike Gloria Eyieyien
Published: July 2024

This comparative study explores the business and agricultural sector's strategic management practices and market analysis models. It highlights the similarities and differences in how these two sectors approach strategic planning, competitive advantage, and market dynamics. Businesses typically focus on leveraging financial and technological resources and understanding consumer behaviour. At the same time, agriculture emphasizes natural resource management and environmental factors. Both sectors benefit from effective strategic planning and market analysis, improving performance and sustainability. However, they also face unique challenges, such as technological changes, market volatility, and opportunities through innovation and sustainable practices. The study underscores the importance of cross-sector learning. It suggests future research directions to deepen the understanding of strategic management across diverse industries.
Keywords:  Strategic Management, Market Analysis, Business Sector, Agricultural Sector, Sustainability Practices.
The role of data analysis and reporting in modern procurement: Enhancing decision-making and supplier management
Authors: Patience Okpeke Paul  , Jane Osareme Ogugua  , Nsisong Louis Eyo-Udo
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the evolving role of data analysis and reporting in modern procurement practices, emphasizing their transformative impact on decision-making and supplier management. Historically rooted in manual processes, procurement has transitioned to data-driven methodologies propelled by technological advancements. Key aspects include data collection from diverse sources, integration into centralized systems, and application of analytical techniques such as predictive analytics and descriptive analytics. These methodologies enable procurement professionals to gain insights into spending patterns, forecast demand accurately, optimize procurement strategies, and enhance supplier relationships. The importance of real-time reporting in procurement decision-making is highlighted, enabling timely adjustments based on up-to-date insights into market conditions, supplier performance, and operational metrics. Decision Support Systems (DSS) further empower procurement managers by synthesizing complex data sets, facilitating scenario analysis, and recommending optimal cost reduction and risk mitigation strategies. Supplier management benefits significantly from data-driven approaches, with criteria like quality performance, delivery metrics, and cost competitiveness being rigorously evaluated through data analysis. Risk management strategies leverage data to anticipate and mitigate supplier-related risks, ensuring continuity and resilience in supply chain operations. The implications for the future of procurement underscore the continued evolution towards predictive supply chain analytics, blockchain technology for transparency, AI-driven automation, sustainability initiatives, and enhanced supplier collaboration platforms. These advancements will further optimize procurement processes, strengthen strategic partnerships, and drive sustainable business practices in an increasingly competitive global market.
Keywords:  Data Analysis, Reporting, Procurement, Decision-Making, Supplier Management.
Algorithm Visualization and its Impact on Self-efficacy, Metacognition and Computational Thinking Concepts Using the Computational Pedagogy Model in STEM Content Epistemology
Authors: Psycharis Sarantos , Mastorodimos Dimitris , Kalovrektis Konstantinos , Papazoglou Panagiotis , Stergioulas Lampros , Abbasi Munir
Published: July 2024

The objective of this article is twofold. One objective is the development of models of visualized algorithms (VAs) for three fundamental algorithms, the bubble sort algorithm, the selection sort algorithm and the insertion sort algorithm, using the Easy Java simulations software (Ejs) and the Computational Pedagogy model. The second objective is to investigate: a) VAs impact on learners’ self-efficacy as a general structure, metacognitive experience, critical thinking and motives and b) VAs impact on learners’ self-efficacy relative to Computational Thinking. An intervention in the form of a didactic model was implemented that utilized VAs and the Computational Pedagogy approach. Finally, we argument how VAs can be embedded in the Computational STEM pedagogy approach in teaching and learning sequences through applications related to authentic problems.
survey to measure perceived agency of teachers
Authors: Hull Michael M. , Uematsu Haruko
Published: July 2024

Dissemination of reformed curriculum requires teachers to feel that they have the freedom to actually implement the curriculum. Whereas greater learning gains are found with active learning, this generally requires more time than rote lecturing. National standards which call for wide content coverage make such approaches prohibitive. This and other pressures may lead teachers to feel that they have little control over what and how they teach. Here, we assess a survey we designed to measure a “teacher's perceived agency“, which we define as “a feeling of being in control over what is taught and of how it is taught.”
Evaluation of the Nigerian Physics Curriculum Contents and Physics Textbooks towards the Attainment of the Goals of the History and Philosophy of Science
Authors: Okoronka Augustine Ugwumba , Adeoye Femi Adetunji
Published: July 2024

This qualitative study examined the Nigerian Physics Curriculum contents and some purposively selected physics textbooks to ascertain the attainment of the goals of the History and Philosophy of Science (HPS). Content analysis of both the National Physics Curriculum and selected Physics textbooks was carried out. Only 17.4% of the topics in the curriculum contained issues concerned with HPS key among which is the models of the atom. Only one textbook out of five reviewed dealt measurably well with the HPS topics as contained in the curriculum. The students and teachers most preferred physics textbook has almost nothing in it to justify its attainment of HPS goals, while the rest of the physics textbooks dealt with HPS matters implicitly. The implication of these results is discussed.
Editorial
Authors: Karamustafaoğlu Orhan
Published: July 2024

In this issue, 5 articles by 14 authors from 5 different countries have been published. These published articles are from Canada, Ghana, Spain, Turkey and Zimbabwe.
Student Performance in A-level Chemistry Examinations in Makoni District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Kazembe Takawira C. , Musarandega Admire
Published: July 2024

The case study was carried out at three high schools in Makoni District, Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe, involving form six chemistry students and their teachers, during January to May 2011. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations and securitization of records and other documents, revealing factors affecting student performance and how performance might be enhanced. The study exposed a number of issues to be addressed by curriculum planners, teachers, examining board and students to improve examination performance. Teachers and students voiced concern about the extensive nature of the chemistry syllabus and the nature of examination questions and they felt that the abstract nature of chemistry was a major source of learning problems. Some students had misgivings about the way the subject was taught, lack of suitable text books and the very limited access to practical work, attitude of some teachers who failed to motivate students toward liking the subject, and the quality of teachers. Participants gave suggestions for improvement of performance.
Determination of Preservice Chemistry Teachers’ Cognitive Structures via Flow Map Method and Their Knowledge Level on “Greenhouse Gases and Their Effects” Topic
Authors: Özyalçın Oskay Özge , Temel Senar , Dinçol Özgür Sinem , Erdem Emine
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the current study was three-fold. The first purpose was to examine preservice chemistry teachers’ cognitive structures in order to define their conceptual understanding and misconceptions of “greenhouse gases and their effects.” The second purpose was to determine their knowledge level regarding this topic by means of different kinds of concept tests. The third purpose was to analyze the correlation between the preservice chemistry teachers’ success on the tests and their conceptual understanding. Thirty preservice chemistry teachers from Hacettepe University participated in the study. To define their cognitive structures relevant to the topic, the flow map method was used. Multiple Choice Concept Test, Correct Concept Test, and Incorrect Concept Test were used to determine their knowledge level of “greenhouse gases and their effects”. The analysis on the flow maps showed that they do not have enriched cognitive structures and lack knowledge. Also we observed that they have some misconceptions. It was determined that there is a significant, positive correlation between their success on the Correct Concept Test scores. However, their scores on the Multiple Choice Concept Test and Incorrect Concept Test were insignificant when assessed in relation to conceptual understandings.