bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Variational Loop Shrinking Analogy for Handle and Tunnel Detection and Reeb Graph Construction on Surfaces
Authors: Weinrauch A. , Mlakar D. , Seidel H.P. , Steinberger M. , Zayer R.
Published: May 2023

The humble loop shrinking property played a central role in the inception of modern topology but it has been eclipsed by more abstract algebraic formalisms. This is particularly true in the context of detecting relevant non‐contractible loops on surfaces where elaborate homological and/or graph theoretical constructs are favored in algorithmic solutions. In this work, we devise a variational analogy to the loop shrinking property and show that it yields a simple, intuitive, yet powerful solution allowing a streamlined treatment of the problem of handle and tunnel loop detection. Our formalization tracks the evolution of a diffusion front randomly initiated on a single location on the surface. Capitalizing on a diffuse interface representation combined with a set of rules for concurrent front interactions, we develop a dynamic data structure for tracking the evolution on the surface encoded as a sparse matrix which serves for performing both diffusion numerics and loop detection and acts as the workhorse of our fully parallel implementation. The substantiated results suggest our approach outperforms state of the art and robustly copes with highly detailed geometric models. As a byproduct, our approach can be used to construct Reeb graphs by diffusion thus avoiding commonly encountered issues when using Morse functions.
In‐the‐wild Material Appearance Editing using Perceptual Attributes
Authors: Subias J. Daniel , Lagunas M.
Published: May 2023

Intuitively editing the appearance of materials from a single image is a challenging task given the complexity of the interactions between light and matter, and the ambivalence of human perception. This problem has been traditionally addressed by estimating additional factors of the scene like geometry or illumination, thus solving an inverse rendering problem and subduing the final quality of the results to the quality of these estimations. We present a single‐image appearance editing framework that allows us to intuitively modify the material appearance of an object by increasing or decreasing high‐level perceptual attributes describing such appearance (e.g., glossy or metallic). Our framework takes as input an in‐the‐wild image of a single object, where geometry, material, and illumination are not controlled, and inverse rendering is not required. We rely on generative models and devise a novel architecture with Selective Transfer Unit (STU) cells that allow to preserve the high‐frequency details from the input image in the edited one. To train our framework we leverage a dataset with pairs of synthetic images rendered with physically‐based algorithms, and the corresponding crowd‐sourced ratings of high‐level perceptual attributes. We show that our material editing framework outperforms the state of the art, and showcase its applicability on synthetic images, in‐the‐wild real‐world photographs, and video sequences.
Allergic reactivity for different dilutions of eugenol in repeated open application test and patch testing
Authors: Ofenloch Robert F. , Andersen Klaus Ejner , Foti Caterina , Giménez‐Arnau Ana Maria , Mowitz Martin , Salvador Juan Francisco Silvestre , Svedman Cecilia , Bruze Magnus
Published: May 2023

Background

Eugenol is a known contact sensitiser included in fragrance mix I.

Objective

To assess the allergic reactivity to eugenol in different concentrations using patch test as well as repeated open application test (ROAT).

Methods

Overall 67 subjects from 6 European dermatology clinics participated in the study. The ROAT was performed for 21 days twice a day, applying 3 dilutions of eugenol (2.7%–0.5%) and a control. Before and after the ROAT, patch testing with 17 dilutions of eugenol (2.0%–0.00006%) and controls was performed.

Results

Out of the 34 subjects with contact allergy to eugenol, 21 (61.8%) showed a positive patch test before ROAT was performed, the lowest positive concentration was 0.031%. The ROAT was positive in 19 (55.9%) of the 34 subjects, the time until a positive reaction occurred was negatively associated with the concentration of the ROAT solution, as well as with the allergic reactivity of the subjects as defined by patch testing. In the patch test after ROAT, 20 of the 34 test subjects (58.8%) showed a positive reaction. In 13 (38.2%) of the 34 test subjects, the patch test result was not reproduceable, still 4 (31.0%) of these 13 subjects developed a positive ROAT.

Conclusion

Eugenol can provoke a positive patch test reaction in a very low dose; besides, this hypersensitivity may persist even if a former positive patch test is not reproduceable.
Predictive factors for anti‐MDA5 antibody in patients with dermatomyositis: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Castellanos‐Gonzalez María , Bris Beatriz Butrón , Marsol Isabel Bielsa , Campos Mónica Munera , Ruiz‐Villaverde Ricardo , Llorente Concha Postigo , Nuno‐Gonzalez Almudena , Sánchez Jesús Tercedor , Mur Eva Chavarría , García Rosa Giménez , Alonso Ana Bauza , Español Gloria Aparicio , García Yolanda Hidalgo , Schmidt Júlia María Sánchez , Sánchez Manuel Almagro , Crespo Esther Roé , Alonso Elena de Las Heras , Gallo‐Pineda Gonzalo , Izquierdo Jose Antonio Avilés , Varillas‐Delgado David
Published: May 2023

Background and objectives: Melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 antibody (anti‐MDA5) in dermatomyositis (DM) is associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is key to improving the prognosis of these patients. The aim was to confirm cutaneous characteristics in patients with anti‐MDA5 dermatomyositis and to explore new diagnostic markers for the presence of anti‐MDA5 (anti‐MDA5+).

Patients and Methods: A multicenter cross‐sectional retrospective cohort study of 124 patients diagnosed with DM, of which 37 were anti‐MDA5+. Demographic data, laboratory data, and clinical manifestations were collected.

Results: Anti‐MDA5+ DM is characterized by a distinct mucocutaneous phenotype that includes oral lesions, alopecia, mechanic's hands, palmar and dorsal papules, palmar erythema, vasculopathy, and skin ulceration. We found vasculopathy and digit tip involvement very frequently in anti‐MDA5+ patients (p <0.001), being a diagnostic marker of anti‐MDA5+ (OR, 12.355; 95% CI 2.850–79.263; p  =  0.012 and OR, 7.447; 95% CI 2.103–46.718; p  =  0.004, respectively). The presence of ulcers deserves special mention, especially in anti‐MDA5+ patients, because in our cohort, up to 97% of the anti‐MDA5+ patients had ulcers.

Conclusions: In patients with suspected DM with digit tip involvement or vasculopathy, the presence of anti‐MDA5 antibodies must be ruled out, as it may be a clinical predictor.
Autoimmune skin disorders and SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination – a meta‐analysis
Authors: Hinterseher Julia , Hertl Michael , Didona Dario
Published: May 2023

Background and objectives

The coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, which is the cause of COVID‐19 disease in infected patients, has led to an ongoing worldwide pandemic. Although SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination had a dramatic positive effect on the course of COVID‐19, there has been increasing evidence of adverse effects after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. This meta‐analysis highlights the association between SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and de novo induction or aggravation of inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases.

Material and methods

A systematic meta‐analysis of the literature on new onset or worsening of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy included following terms: “COVID‐19/SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine bullous pemphigoid/pemphigus vulgaris/systemic lupus erythematosus/dermatomyositis/lichen planus/leukocytoclastic vasculitis.” Moreover, we describe representative cases from our dermatology department.

Results

The database‐search in MEDLINE identified 31 publications on bullous pemphigoid, 24 on pemphigus vulgaris, 65 on systemic lupus erythematosus, nine on dermatomyositis, 30 on lichen planus, and 37 on leukocytoclastic vasculitis until June 30th, 2022. Severity and response to treatment varied among the described cases.

Conclusions

Our meta‐analysis highlights a link between SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and new onset or worsening of inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases. Moreover, the extent of disease exacerbation has been exemplified by cases from our dermatological department.
Discovery of Serangium montazerii Fürsch (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) as a predator of Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) in Italy
Authors: Massimino Cocuzza Giuseppe E. , Jovičić Ivana , Frisenna Francesco , Tumminelli Riccardo , Siscaro Gaetano
Published: May 2023

During surveys in citrus groves infested by Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) in Sicily (Italy), an exotic ladybug was detected. The species was identified through morphological and molecular techniques as Serangium montazerii Fürsch (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), which is known to be a natural enemy of whiteflies. Taxonomic and historical notes on the spread of the species are given. The predator is reported feeding on A. spiniferus for the first time and may play an important role in the biological control of the whitefly.
KATP channels are regulators of programmed cell death and targets for the creation of novel drugs against ischemia/reperfusion cardiac injury
Authors: Maslov Leonid N. , Popov Sergey V. , Naryzhnaya Natalia V. , Mukhomedzyanov Alexandr V. , Kurbatov Boris K. , Derkachev Ivan A. , Boshchenko Alla A. , Prasad N. Rajendra , Ma Huijie , Zhang Yi , Sufianova Galina Z. , Fu Feng , Pei Jian‐Ming
Published: May 2023

Background

The use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with a mortality rate of 5%–7%. It is clear that there is an urgent need to develop new drugs that can effectively prevent cardiac reperfusion injury. ATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channel openers (KCOs) can be classified as such drugs.

Results

KCOs prevent irreversible ischemia and reperfusion injury of the heart. KATP channel opening promotes inhibition of apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and stimulation of autophagy. KCOs prevent the development of cardiac adverse remodeling and improve cardiac contractility in reperfusion. KCOs exhibit antiarrhythmic properties and prevent the appearance of the no‐reflow phenomenon in animals with coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Diabetes mellitus and a cholesterol‐enriched diet abolish the cardioprotective effect of KCOs. Nicorandil, a KCO, attenuates major adverse cardiovascular event and the no‐reflow phenomenon, reduces infarct size, and decreases the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Conclusion

The cardioprotective effect of KCOs is mediated by the opening of mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP) and sarcolemmal KATP (sarcKATP) channels, triggered free radicals' production, and kinase activation.
Effects of loading frequency on fatigue behavior of metallic materials—A literature review
Authors: Hong Youshi , Hu Yuanpei , Zhao Aiguo
Published: May 2023

The topic of loading frequency effect on fatigue behavior is in close relation to high‐cycle fatigue (HCF) and very‐HCF (VHCF) research. The conventional loading frequency in fatigue tests is normally between 10 and 100 Hz. In order to accelerate testing process, researchers have developed ultrasonic vibration device with a very high frequency, for example, 20 kHz, to perform VHCF tests. Thus, a question has always been asked: Does loading frequency affect the fatigue behavior of tested material? It is obvious that the answer is yes because the remarkable difference in strain rate with respect to different loading frequencies may cause the change of fatigue mechanism and the related fatigue performance. The subsequent question is how is the effect of loading frequency on fatigue behavior? This paper attempts to address such questions by two cases of experimental investigations. Moreover, typical results in literature are quoted for the further discussion of this issue.
Fabrication of protein crocin nanocomplex and its addition in proso millet flour for development of functional snacks with anti‐diabetic, anti‐hypertensive and antioxidant properties
Authors: Jhan Faiza , Noor Nairah , Gani Adil , Ashraf Zanoor ul , Shah Asima
Published: May 2023

The current study was undertaken to develop novel gluten‐free functional snacks using proso millet flour with the addition of nano‐encapsulated crocin in sorghum (SPCS), pearl millet (PPCS) and foxtail millet (FPCS) protein nanoparticles. The crocin content was well retained (58.08%–77.67%) in the developed snacks. Characteristic properties like nutraceutical potential, rheological, sensory and physical attributes were evaluated. The extruded snacks showed good antioxidant (DNA damage inhibition assay), anti‐diabetic (alpha amylase inhibition assay) and anti‐hypertensive (angiotensin converting enzyme assay) properties. The developed snacks (P > 0.05) showed higher elastic behaviour (G′) compared to viscous behaviour (G″). Hardness value for functional snacks were found to be in the range of 407–115 N. The control snacks showed significantly higher expansion ratio (348.76%) compared to functional snacks. The developed novel functional snacks appeared darker than control snacks as evaluated by colorimetric assay. The overall acceptability of the snacks was found to be equal on a 9‐point hedonic scale.
Current status of global rice water use efficiency and water‐saving irrigation technology recommendations
Authors: Haonan Qiu , Jie Wang , Shihong Yang , Zewei Jiang , Yi Xu
Published: May 2023

Rice has a high water requirement, but water use efficiency (WUE) in rice has always been low, and the status of rice WUE and the factors influencing it in various countries around the world is currently unclear. Therefore, this paper collected 56 articles from 2000 to 2022, through which WUE data from different countries and different provinces in China were collated, and the effects of various water‐saving irrigation technologies on WUE of rice and irrigation water use were analysed using the method of Meta‐analysis. The results of this paper show that rice WUE is low in most countries, with the lowest WUE of 0.28 kg/m3 in Thailand and the highest WUE of 1.25 kg/m3 in Bangladesh among the countries included in this study, and flood irrigation is used in most countries. Compared to flood irrigation, all water‐saving irrigation involved can increase rice WUE and reduce irrigation water input, alternate wet and dry irrigation (W1), and controlled irrigation (W2) were able to increase the WUE of rice by 49.86%, 84.74%, and reduce the irrigation water input by 36.55%, 39.55% respectively. Among the six types of water‐saving irrigation input, dry cultivation (W3) had the most significant effect on increasing WUE and reducing irrigation water, reaching 2.02 times and 67.53%, respectively. Based on the annual rainfall (R) and the application of water‐saving irrigation in Asia, sub‐regionally applicable water‐saving irrigation technologies are recommended. W3 is recommended when R <200 mm, W2 is recommended when 200 mm < R < 800 mm, and W1/W2/shallow alternate wet and dry irrigation (W5) is recommended when R >800 mm. According to the data collected in this paper, W1, W2, W3, and W5 can save 3.40 × 1011 m3, 3.78 × 1011 m3, 2.52 × 108 m3, 2.22 × 1011 m3 of irrigation water, respectively. Based on the calculations in this paper, different water‐saving irrigation techniques can save 3.50 × 1011 m3 of water in Asia according to the recommendations. To promote water‐saving irrigation technology, countries need to formulate policies to ensure the development of water‐saving irrigation technology, raise farmers' awareness of water conservation, and provide training and financial support. Promoting the use of different water‐saving irrigation technologies for different regions can significantly reduce irrigation water and increase the WUE of rice, which is important in addressing the challenges of global water scarcity.
Etch‐and‐rinse versus self‐etch strategy of a universal adhesive in different application methods at the bonding interface of fiber post cementation
Authors: Barros Antonia Patricia Oliveira , de Melo Alencar Cristiane , Zambon Matheus , de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Fernández Eduardo , Kuga Milton Carlos
Published: May 2023

Objective

To evaluate the effect of etch‐and‐rinse (ER) versus self‐etch (SE) strategies of a universal adhesive applied with a manual brush (MB) or rotary brush (RB) on the bonding interface of fiber post cementation.

Methods

Forty bovine incisor roots were prepared and divided into four groups according to the methods of application and strategy of universal adhesive use (MB‐ER, RB‐ER, MB‐SE and RB‐SE). After 6 months, specimens from different thirds of the post space were evaluated of push‐out strength, analysis of adhesive failure patterns, and extent of tags.

Results

The RB‐ER and RB‐SE groups showed the highest bond strength values in the cervical and middle thirds of the post space. Cohesive adhesive failure had the highest incidence in the different thirds of the post space in the ER strategy, regardless of the adhesive application method. The RB‐ER group showed the highest tag extensions.

Conclusions

The protocols of universal adhesive application with RB provided the greater bond strength, but only the ER strategy favored the formation of a greater extension of tags at the adhesive interface.

Clinical Significance

The application of universal adhesive with RB into the post space increases the strength of the post‐cemented fiber bond.
Nursing home infection control strategies during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Festa Natalia , Katz‐Christy Nina , Weiss Max , Lisk Rebecca , Normand Sharon‐Lise , Grabowski David C. , Newhouse Joseph P. , Hsu John
Published: May 2023

Background

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 awarded $500 million toward scaling “strike teams” to mitigate the impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) within nursing homes. The Massachusetts Nursing Facility Accountability and Support Package (NFASP) piloted one such model during the first weeks of the pandemic, providing nursing homes financial, administrative, and educational support. For a subset of nursing homes deemed high‐risk, the state offered supplemental, in‐person technical infection control support.

Methods

Using state death certificate data and federal nursing home occupancy data, we examined longitudinal all‐cause mortality per 100,000 residents and changes in occupancy across NFASP participants and subgroups that varied in their receipt of the supplemental intervention.

Results

Nursing home mortality peaked in the weeks preceding the NFASP, with a steeper increase among those receiving the supplemental intervention. There were contemporaneous declines in weekly occupancy. The potential for temporal confounding and differential selection across NFASP subgroups precluded estimation of causal effects of the intervention on mortality.

Conclusions

We offer policy and design suggestions for future strike team iterations that could inform the allocation of state and federal funding. We recommend expanded data collection infrastructure and, ideally, randomized assignment to intervention subgroups to support causal inference as strike team models are scaled under the direction of state and federal agencies.
Contemporary agrarian, rural and rural–urban movements and alliances
Authors: Borras Saturnino M.
Published: May 2023

Henry Bernstein has criticized the research agenda of the Emancipatory Rural Politics Initiative (ERPI), and the publications linked to it, for, among other things, not having specified which classes are supposed to comprise the proposed emancipatory rural politics. The Journal of Agrarian Change organized a special issue (published in January 2023) that takes Bernstein's critique as its point of departure. It emphasized the importance of movements of the working class that straddle the rural–urban corridor. I agree, but this should not be done by de‐valuing the agrarian and the rural. The key challenge is in building agrarian, rural and rural–urban anti‐capitalist movements and alliances within and between these spheres. This calls for more—not less—attention to agrarian movements seen from the inseparable domains of the agrarian, rural and rural–urban continuum in terms of academic research and political action. A starting point, and implication, of this broader unit of analysis and political intervention is an argument against a ‘too agrarian‐centric’, or ‘merely agrarian’, mass movement‐building and political mobilization to counter regressive populism and struggle against capitalism.
Creating a public service topology: Mapping public service motivation, public service ethos, and public service values
Authors: Witesman Eva M. , Walters Lawrence , Christensen Robert K.
Published: May 2023

Public service motivation (PSM), public service values (PSV), and public service ethos (PSE), we argue, constitute theoretically complementary dimensions of public service psychology. Using multi‐dimensional scaling (MDS), we also empirically map the three constructs to identify their interrelationships as constituent parts of a public service topology. Using a survey of public and private employees, we determined which of the PSM, PSV, and PSE instruments most strongly correlate with (1) sector of employment, (2) preferences in public service decision vignettes, and (3) prosocial citizenship behavior. We find PSM, PSV, and PSE to be distinctly complementary, rather than competing psychological phenomena. Incorporating—theoretically and empirically—the three approaches into one topology suggests dimensions of an integrated public service psychology comprising two axes that vary on an advocacy–neutrality scale and a self‐focused–other‐focused scale. With this topographical orientation, public administration scholars can better select the appropriate instrument(s), whether PSM, PSV, or PSE, for the public service situation/question.
Leaf cell wall properties and stomatal density influence oxygen isotope enrichment of leaf water
Authors: Ellsworth Patrick Z. , Ellsworth Patrícia V. , Mertz Rachel A. , Koteyeva Nuria K. , Cousins Asaph B.
Published: May 2023

Measurements of oxygen isotope enrichment of leaf water above source water (Δ18OLW) can improve our understanding of the interaction between leaf anatomy and physiology on leaf water transport. Models have been developed to predict Δ18OLW such as the string‐of‐lakes model, which describes the mixing of leaf water pools, and the Péclet effect model, which incorporates transpiration rate and the mixing length between unenriched xylem and enriched mesophyll water in the mesophyll (Lm) or veins (Lv). Here we compare measurements and models of Δ18OLW on two cell wall composition mutants grown under two light intensities and relative humidities to evaluate cell wall properties on leaf water transport. In maize (Zea mays), the compromised ultrastructure of the suberin lamellae in the bundle sheath of the ALIPHATIC SUBERIN FERULOYL TRANSFERASE mutant (Zmasft) reduced barriers to apoplastic water movement, resulting in higher E and, potentially, Lv and, consequently, lower Δ18OLW. The difference in Δ18OLW in cellulose synthase‐like F6 (CslF6) mutants and wild‐type of rice (Oryza sativa) grown under two light intensities co‐varied with stomatal density. These results show that cell wall composition and stomatal density influence Δ18OLW and that stable isotopes can facilitate the development of a physiologically and anatomically explicit water transport model.
Differences between tree stem CO2 efflux and O2 influx rates cannot be explained by internal CO2 transport or storage in large beech trees
Authors: Helm Juliane , Salomón Roberto L. , Hilman Boaz , Muhr Jan , Knohl Alexander , Steppe Kathy , Gibon Yves , Cassan Cédric , Hartmann Henrik
Published: May 2023

Tree stem respiration (RS) is a substantial component of the forest carbon balance. The mass balance approach uses stem CO2 efflux and internal xylem fluxes to sum up RS, while the oxygen‐based method assumes O2 influx as a proxy of RS. So far, both approaches have yielded inconsistent results regarding the fate of respired CO2 in tree stems, a major challenge for quantifying forest carbon dynamics. We collected a data set of CO2 efflux, O2 influx, xylem CO2 concentration, sap flow, sap pH, stem temperature, nonstructural carbohydrates concentration and potential phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) capacity on mature beech trees to identify the sources of differences between approaches. The ratio of CO2 efflux to O2 influx was consistently below unity (0.7) along a 3‐m vertical gradient, but internal fluxes did not bridge the gap between influx and efflux, nor did we find evidence for changes in respiratory substrate use. PEPC capacity was comparable with that previously reported in green current‐year twigs. Although we could not reconcile differences between approaches, results shed light on the uncertain fate of CO2 respired by parenchyma cells across the sapwood. Unexpected high values of PEPC capacity highlight its potential relevance as a mechanism of local CO2 removal, which merits further research.
Fertility‐based employment discrimination and family policy: Evidence from a field experiment
Authors: Wang Peijie , Chen Jing
Published: May 2023

Previous studies show that the labour market discriminates against working mothers in the workplace. However, the childfree women have received scant attention and little is known about the discrimination based on potential and actual fertility status. Given the state interventions to help women balance work and family in the form of family policy in many countries, it is important to address how it affects fertility discrimination behaviour in the workplace. This study conducts a correspondence test at an online recruitment platform in China. When it comes to employment, women are more likely than men to be affected by their fertility status. The findings of our experiment reveal that the disclosure of fertility status for childfree women in resumes significantly reduces their likelihood of receiving callbacks from real employers, as compared to resumes of women with children, by ~26.7%. Generous maternity leave policies may encourage discrimination towards childfree women who are of fertile age in non‐mother‐friendly occupation. The employment discrimination affects women who have the potential to become mothers.
Rules, practices, and assessment of linguistic behaviour
Authors: Kaluziński Bartosz
Published: May 2023

In this paper, I focus on the idea that language is a rule‐constituted and rule‐governed practice. This notion has been criticised recently. It has been claimed that, even if linguistic meaning is determined by rules, these rules are not genuinely normative because they do not govern actions within the practice by themselves. It has been emphasised that one needs to consent (e.g., has relevant intention or desire) to be a part of that practice. First, I distinguish between two issues: (1) How do rules come to life? (and the answer to that question is by enactment or communal acceptance), and (2) does being assessed by the standards set by the rules require some form of consent for one's actions to be evaluated by these standards? Then, I demonstrate how, by introducing the notion of “default normativity”, one can defend the idea that there are normative practices that are constituted and governed by rules and that language is one of them.
Thermal Hydraulic Performance of a Turbulent Wall Jet Flowing Over a Wavy Wall
Authors: Kumari Archana , Kumar Amitesh
Published: May 2023

The thermal and fluid flow characteristics of a two-dimensional turbulent wall jet have been studied numerically for the partial wavy wall. The partial wall is created by giving a segment of wall a wavy pattern from the leading edge followed by the plane wall; the wavy wall segment varies from 10% to 100% of the wall. The amplitude of wavy surface has also been varied from 0.2a to 0.8a with the interval of 0.2a, where “a” is the nozzle height. The results of the present problem have been compared with the results of a fully plane wall jet. The Reynolds number at the nozzle exit is constant, i.e., 15000 for all the cases to achieve fully turbulent jet. To solve this problem, low Reynolds number RNG model has been used. The results obtained from the present study show that the heat transfer rate remains almost the same for 10% to 100% wavy wall for 0.2a amplitude. In the case of amplitude 0.8a, the heat transfer rate is maximum for 30% wavy wall case; the heat transfer rate reduces further for higher wavy wall %. There is a 26.27% increment in heat transfer for the 30% wavy wall with 0.8a amplitude relative to the fully plane wall jet. The maximum increment in the thermal hydraulic performance (THP) of 5.3% is achieved for 70% wavy wall portion for 0.8a amplitude and it remains the same for further increase in the % of wavy wall. It must be noted here that earlier a 19.08% increase in average heat transfer is achieved for the wavy wall with an amplitude of 0.7 in the previous study. However, in this paper, an increase of 26.27% is noticed with the new design of wavy wall. This study will help in designing a highly efficient cooling or heating system in the engineering application by modifying just only the leading surface of the wall.
Development of the electron cyclotron resonance heating system for Divertor Tokamak Test
Authors: Garavaglia Saul , Balbinot Luca , Bruschi Alessandro , Busi Daniele , Bussolan Andrea , Fanale Francesco , Granucci Gustavo , Moro Alessandro , Platania Paola , Rispoli Natale , Romano Afra , Sartori Emanuele , Schmuck Stefan , Simonetto Alessandro , Vassallo Espedito
Published: May 2023

The Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility, whose construction has started in Frascati (Italy), will be equipped with an ECRH (electron cyclotron resonance heating) system including 32 gyrotrons as microwave power sources. The procurement of the first batch of sources with 16 MW total power, based on 170 GHz/≥ 1 MW/100 s vacuum tubes, is in progress and will be available for the first DTT plasma. The system is organized into four clusters of 8 gyrotrons each. The power is transmitted from the Gyrotron Hall to the Torus Hall Building (THB) by a quasioptical transmission line (TL), mainly composed of large mirrors shared by eight beams coming from eight different gyrotrons and designed for up to 1.5 MW power per single beam, similar to the TL installed at the stellarator W7-X. One of novelties introduced in the DTT system is that the mirrors of the TLs are embodied in a vacuum enclosure, using large metal seals, mainly to avoid air absorption and risk of arcs. The main reason is to reduce the risk of air breakdown, maintaining a pressure of 10−5 mbar far away from the Paschen minimum. The TL estimated volume is between ∼70 and ∼85 m3. The direct connection of the TL to the tokamak vacuum vessel has been evaluated, and different solutions have been proposed in order to prevent a possible impact on DTT operations. The microwave power is injected into the tokamak using independent single-beam front-steering launchers, real-time controlled and located in the equatorial and upper ports of four DTT sectors. In-vessel piezoelectric walking drives are the most promising candidates for the launcher mirror movement considering their compactness and capability to operate in an environment with strong magnetic field under ultra-high vacuum. The DTT ECRH system design, presented here, is based mainly on existing and assessed solutions, although the challenging adaptations to the DTT case are considered.
Morphologic and electronic changes induced by thermally supported hydrogen cleaning of GaAs(110) facets
Authors: Rosenzweig D. S. , Schnedler M. , Dunin-Borkowski R. E. , Ebert Ph. , Eisele H.
Published: May 2023

Hydrogen exposure and annealing at 400 °C leads to a layer-by-layer etching of the n-doped GaAs(110) cleavage surface removing islands and forming preferentially step edge sections with [001] normal vector. In addition, a large density of negatively charged point defects is formed, leading to a Fermi level pinning in the lower part of the bandgap. Their charge transfer level is in line with that of Ga vacancies only, suggesting that adatoms desorb preferentially due to hydrogen bonding and subsequent Ga–H desorption. The results obtained on cleavage surfaces imply that the morphology of nanowire sidewall facets obtained by hydrogen cleaning is that of an etched surface, but not of the initial growth surface. Likewise, the hydrogen-cleaned etched surface does not reveal the intrinsic electronic properties of the initially grown nanowires.
Two congruent cues are better than one: Impact of ITD–ILD combinations on reaction time for sound lateralization
Authors: Sharma Neeraj Kumar , Gaznepoglu Ünal Ege , Robotham Thomas , Habets Emanuël A. P.
Published: May 2023

This letter presents a reaction time analysis of a sound lateralization test. Sounds from various directions were synthesized using interaural time–level difference (ITD–ILD) combinations, and human subjects performed left/right detection. Stimuli from the sides yielded quicker reactions and better class accuracy than from the front. Congruent ITD–ILD cues significantly improved both metrics. For opposing ITD–ILD cues, subjects' choices were mostly driven by the ITD, and the responses were significantly slower. The findings, obtained with an easily accessible methodology, corroborate the integrated processing of the binaural cues and promote the use of multiple congruent binaural cues in headphone reproduction.
Study of dynamic characteristics of air cavity resonances from tyre-pavement interaction noise using single frequency filtering
Authors: Radhika B. , Pannala Vishala
Published: May 2023

Air cavities in the tyre tread and the gap formed between tyre and pavement are excited during vehicle movement on a pavement. The former results in pipe resonance, and the latter results in horn resonance. These effects will be varying with speed of the vehicle and also because of conditions of tyre, pavement and, tyre-pavement interaction (TPI). The objective of this paper is to study the dynamic characteristics of air cavity resonances from the signals of the tyre-pavement interaction noise, which was collected by a pair of microphones, when a two wheeler is driven on a pavement at different speeds. The dynamic characteristics of the resonances are analysed using single frequency filtering (SFF) analysis of signals. The method gives spectral information at every sampling instant. The effects of impacts of the tyre treads, pavement characteristics, and TPI on the resulting cavity resonances are examined at four different vehicle speeds and for two different types of pavements. The analysis shows that the SFF spectra bring out the distinct characteristics of the pavements on the formation of air cavities and excitation of the resonances of these cavities. This analysis may help in determining the condition of the tyre and pavement.
Clear speech promotes speaking rate normalization
Authors: Kahloon Lilah , Shorey Anya E. , King Caleb J. , Stilp Christian E.
Published: May 2023

When speaking in noisy conditions or to a hearing-impaired listener, talkers often use clear speech, which is typically slower than conversational speech. In other research, changes in speaking rate affect speech perception through speaking rate normalization: Slower context sounds encourage perception of subsequent sounds as faster, and vice versa. Here, on each trial, listeners heard a context sentence before the target word (which varied from “deer” to “tier”). Clear and slowed conversational context sentences elicited more “deer” responses than conversational sentences, consistent with rate normalization. Changing speaking styles aids speech intelligibility but might also produce other outcomes that alter sound/word recognition.
Consonant bias in adult lexical processing under acoustically
degraded listening conditions
Authors: de la Cruz-Pavía Irene , Eloy Coraline , Perrineau-Hecklé Paula , Nazzi Thierry , Cabrera Laurianne
Published: May 2023

Consonants facilitate lexical processing across many languages, including French. This study investigates whether acoustic degradation affects this phonological bias in an auditory lexical decision task. French words were processed using an eight-band vocoder, degrading their frequency modulations (FM) while preserving original amplitude modulations (AM). Adult French natives were presented with these French words, preceded by similarly processed pseudoword primes sharing their vowels, consonants, or neither. Results reveal a consonant bias in the listeners' accuracy and response times, despite the reduced spectral and FM information. These degraded conditions resemble current cochlear-implant processors, and attest to the robustness of this phonological bias.
Phase I Single Ascending Dose and Food Effect Study in Healthy Adults and Phase I/IIa Multiple Ascending Dose Study in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis to Assess Pharmacokinetics, Bactericidal Activity, Tolerability, and Safety of OPC-167832
Authors: Dawson Rodney , Diacon Andreas H. , Narunsky Kim , De Jager Veronique R. , Stinson Kelly W. , Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Yongge , Hafkin Jeffrey
Published: May 2023

OPC-167832, an inhibitor of decaprenylphosphoryl-β-
d
-ribose 2’-oxidase, demonstrated potent antituberculosis activity and a favorable safety profile in preclinical studies. This report describes the first two clinical studies of OPC-167832: (i) a phase I single ascending dose (SAD) and food effects study in healthy participants; and (ii) a 14-day phase I/IIa multiple ascending dose (MAD; 3/10/30/90 mg QD) and early bactericidal activity (EBA) trial in participants with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).
Complete Genome Sequences of 37 Bacteria from the Human Vaginal Tract
Authors: Whidbey Christopher , Konopaski Alyssa N. , Teshome Robel , Dhaliwal Sejal , Peters M. Quinn , Mejia Marlyd E. , Ballard Mallory B. , Patras Kathryn A.
Published: May 2023

Microorganisms colonizing the human vaginal mucosa are associated with healthy states, as well as conditions such as bacterial vaginosis and infection-associated preterm birth. Here, we report complete genome sequences of 37 bacterial isolates from the human vaginal tract.
Supplemental Material: Two episodes of late Mesoproterozoic magmatism in the southwestern Yangtze Block, China, and their association with Grenville-aged orogenic cycles
Authors: Wang Yan-Jun , zhu wei-guang , al. et
Published: May 2023

 Figure S1: Representative field photos and microscopic photographs of mafic rocks in this study. Figure S2: Plot of whole-rock εNd(t) versus age (Ga) for the Boka dolerites, Lanniping gabbros, and Tong’an dikes. Figure S3: Covariations of the high field strength elements (e.g., TiO2, Th, Nb, Nd, Eu, Yb), compatible element (e.g., Ni), and large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Ba and Sr) relative to Zr contents for the Boka dolerites, Lanniping gabbros, and Tong’an dikes. Figure S4: Covariations of SiO2, TiO2, Fe2O3T, CaO, Al2O3, CaO/Al2O3, P2O5, Ni, and Cr relative to MgO contents for the Boka dolerites, Lanniping gabbros, and Tong’an dikes. Figure S5: Th/Nb versus TiO2/Yb plot for the late Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks in the southwestern Yangtze Block. Table S1: Cameca secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon and baddeleyite U-Pb isotopic analyses for the late Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks from the Huili-Dongchuan area, southwestern Yangtze Block. Table S2: Major-element (wt%) and trace-element (ppm) data of the late Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks from the southwestern Yangtze Block. Table S3: Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of the late Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks from the southwestern Yangtze Block. 
Supplemental Material: Mesozoic–Cenozoic uplift of Qiman Tagh Range in northern Tibet Plateau, western China
Authors: Jiang Liwei , Liu Yongjiang , al. et
Published: May 2023

Table S1: Thermal history model input for simulations of Qiman Tagh Range apatite fission-track (AFT) data. Table S2: Apatite fission-track data for the Qiman Tagh Range, which was measured by external detector method. Table S3: Apatite fission-track data for the Qiman Tagh Range, which was measured by LA-ICP-MS. Table S4: Thermochronological ages of the northern Tibetan Plateau.
Giant cell arteritis presenting with unilateral sixth nerve palsy
Authors: Colquhoun Matthew , Alegre Abarrategui Javier , Shahzad Muhammad Ibrahim , Ellis Benjamin
Published: May 2023

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) usually presents with headache, scalp tenderness and raised inflammatory markers. GCA presenting with a clinically evident cranial nerve palsy is rare and may result in a delayed or missed diagnosis if not suspected. We present the rare case of a woman in her 70s with histologically confirmed GCA presenting with a unilateral sixth nerve palsy, which responded to treatment with high-dose oral prednisolone.
Food insecurity, SNAP participation and glycemic control in low-income adults with predominantly type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis using NHANES 2007–2018 data
Authors: Alawode Oluwatobi , Humble Sarah , Herrick Cynthia J
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Diabetes, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, affects 13% of US adults, 95% of whom have type 2 diabetes (T2D). Social determinants of health (SDoH), such as food insecurity, are integral to glycemic control. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) aims to reduce food insecurity, but it is not clear how this affects glycemic control in T2D. This study investigated the associations between food insecurity and other SDoH and glycemic control and the role of SNAP participation in a national socioeconomically disadvantaged sample.

Research design and methods

Adults with likely T2D and income<185% of the federal poverty level (FPL) were identified using cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (2007–2018). Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between food insecurity, SNAP participation and glycemic control (defined by HbA1c7.0%–8.5% depending on age and comorbidities). Covariates included demographic factors, clinical comorbidities, diabetes management strategies, and healthcare access and utilization.

Results

The study population included 2084 individuals (90%>40 years of age, 55% female, 18% non-Hispanic black, 25% Hispanic, 41% SNAP participants, 36% low or very low food security). Food insecurity was not associated with glycemic control in the adjusted model (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.181 (0.877–1.589)), and SNAP participation did not modify the effect of food insecurity on glycemic control. Insulin use, lack of health insurance, and Hispanic or another race and ethnicity were among the strongest associations with poor glycemic control in the adjusted model.

Conclusions

For low-income individuals with T2D in the USA, health insurance may be among the most critical predictors of glycemic control. Additionally, SDoH associated with race and ethnicity plays an important role. SNAP participation may not affect glycemic control because of inadequate benefit amounts or lack of incentives for healthy purchases. These findings have implications for community engaged interventions and healthcare and food policy.
Food insecurity, mental health and in-hospital mortality following the COVID-19 pandemic in a socially deprived UK coastal town
Authors: Cain Russell , French Maddy , Sedda Luigi
Published: May 2023

Background

Public health interventions are essential to prevent a long tail of costly, avoidable and worsening ill health in coastal communities following the COVID-19 pandemic, yet no research exists to guide policy and practice as to which groups within coastal communities are vulnerable and most in need of such interventions. Within this aim, we explore engrained and emerging vulnerabilities of food insecurity, health and well-being for different demographic groups within the deprived coastal community of Fleetwood, Lancashire, UK, before and after the pandemic.

Methods

Routinely collected data of free school meal eligibility, community mental health referrals and hospital admissions between 28 March 2016 and 31 December 2021 were aggregated by locality and deprivation within Fleetwood. Temporal autoregressive models, generalised linear mixed models and survival analyses were employed to compare trends and associations in food insecurity, health and well-being indicators against deprivation indices, demographics, comorbidities (including COVID-19), the COVID-19 pandemic period and locality.

Results

Areas with better housing and income, but higher health and disability deprivation, showed increased levels of free school meal eligibility following the pandemic. Mental health was insensitive to the first 14 months of pandemic yet is worsened by unemployment deprivation and cardiovascular and respiratory comorbidities, with a greater predisposition to poor mental health in adolescents and young adults. After accounting for the effect of COVID-19, hospital mortality risk increased with demographic influences in fitting with the typology of coastal communities having an older population, struggling healthcare and a greater prevalence of comorbidities.

Conclusions

Public health managers and policy makers seeking to prevent worsening health and well-being within coastal communities following the pandemic should focus on broader-scale patterns reflecting entrenched poor health typical of coastal communities, and emerging food insecurity within specific demographic and deprivation groups at finer scales.
Drivers of malnutrition among late adolescent and young women in rural Pakistan: a cross-sectional assessment of the MaPPS trial
Authors: Baxter Jo-Anna B , Wasan Yaqub , Hussain Amjad , Soofi Sajid B , Ahmed Imran , Bhutta Zulfiqar A
Published: May 2023

Objective

This study aimed to characterise the burden of malnutrition and assess how underlying determinants at the structural and intermediary levels contributed to malnutrition among late adolescent and young women in rural Pakistan.

Design

Cross-sectional enrolment data assessment.

Setting and participants

This study was conducted using data from adolescent and young women (n=25 447) enrolled in the Matiari emPowerment and Preconception Supplementation Trial, collected from June 2017 to July 2018 in Matiari District, Pakistan. The WHO-based cut-offs were applied to anthropometric measures to estimate body mass index (BMI) categories (underweight, overweight, obese) and stunting. Hierarchical models were generated to evaluate the association between the determinants with BMI categories and stunting among late adolescent girls and young women, respectively.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The main outcomes of interest were BMI categories and stunting. Explanatory variables included measures of socioeconomic status, education, occupation, health, well-being, food security, empowerment and food practices.

Results

Regardless of age group, the prevalence of underweight was high (36.9%; 95% CI 36.3% to 37.5%). More late adolescent girls were underweight, while more young women were overweight/obese (p<0.001). Stunting affected 9.2% (95% CI 8.9% to 9.6%) of participants, of which 35.7% were additionally underweight and 7.3% overweight/obese. Compared with those in the normal weight category, those underweight were more likely to be impoverished and less empowered. Those overweight/obese were more likely to be from a higher wealth quintile and food secure. Increased education level and food security were associated with reductions stunting risk.

Conclusions

This study informs the data gap and need for comprehensive research on adolescent nutritional status. Findings suggest factors related to poverty played an important, underlying role in undernutrition among participants. Commitment to improving the nutritional status of all adolescent and young women in Pakistan will be critical given the observed burden of malnutrition.

Trial registration number

NCT03287882.