bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences of inclined tunnel ceiling on plug‐holing phenomenon and mechanical smoke exhaust efficiency in tunnel fires
Authors: Zhao Wangda , Wang Tianxiong , He Lu , Tao Haowen , Xu Zhisheng
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the effect of inclined tunnel ceiling on the characteristic of smoke extraction and the efficiency of mechanical smoke exhaust is studied. The parameters of different ceiling inclination angles, exhaust velocities, and heat release rates in the tunnel fire are taken into account. The results demonstrate that for the given smoke exhaust velocity and heat release rate, as the ceiling inclination angle increases, the smoke flow tends to accumulate toward the centerline of the tunnel ceiling, which increases the temperature of the smoke layer and relieves the phenomenon of plug‐holing beneath the shaft. The applicability of previous Fr criterion for predicting whether the plug‐holing phenomenon occurs is also verified. It is shown that the Fr criterion of Fr = 1.5 can also be applicable to the tunnel with different inclination angles. In addition, a predicted correlation for the mechanical smoke exhaust efficiency is established by taking the effect of inclined tunnel ceiling into account, and the predicted value is in good agreement with the results in this paper. This work provides an improved understanding of mechanical smoke extraction in tunnel with inclined ceiling. It may also serve as a reference for the design of a mechanical smoke exhaust system.
Isolating the white matter circuitry of the dorsal language stream: Connectome‐Symptom Mapping in stroke induced aphasia
Authors: Baboyan Vatche , Basilakos Alexandra , Yourganov Grigori , Rorden Chris , Bonilha Leonardo , Fridriksson Julius , Hickok Gregory
Published: September 2021

The application of ℓ1‐regularized machine learning models to high‐dimensional connectomes offers a promising methodology to assess clinical‐anatomical correlations in humans. Here, we integrate the connectome‐based lesion‐symptom mapping framework with sparse partial least squares regression (sPLS‐R) to isolate elements of the connectome associated with speech repetition deficits. By mapping over 2,500 connections of the structural connectome in a cohort of 71 stroke‐induced cases of aphasia presenting with varying left‐hemisphere lesions and repetition impairment, sPLS‐R was trained on 50 subjects to algorithmically identify connectomic features on the basis of their predictive value. The highest ranking features were subsequently used to generate a parsimonious predictive model for speech repetition whose predictions were evaluated on a held‐out set of 21 subjects. A set of 10 short‐ and long‐range parieto‐temporal connections were identified, collectively delineating the broader circuitry of the dorsal white matter network of the language system. The strongest contributing feature was a short‐range connection in the supramarginal gyrus, approximating the cortical localization of area Spt, with parallel long‐range pathways interconnecting posterior nodes in supramarginal and superior temporal cortex with anterior nodes in both ventral and—notably—in dorsal premotor cortex, respectively. The collective disruption of these pathways indexed repetition performance in the held‐out set of participants, suggesting that these impairments might be characterized as a parietotemporal disconnection syndrome impacting cortical area Spt and its associated white matter circuits of the frontal lobe as opposed to being purely a disconnection of the arcuate fasciculus.
Pro‐tumoral behavior of omental adipocyte‐derived fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment at the metastatic site of ovarian cancer
Authors: Iyoshi Shohei , Yoshihara Masato , Nakamura Kae , Sugiyama Mai , Koya Yoshihiro , Kitami Kazuhisa , Uno Kaname , Mogi Kazumasa , Tano Sho , Tomita Hiroyuki , Kajiwara Keiji , Taki Masayasu , Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Nawa Akihiro , Kajiyama Hiroaki
Published: September 2021

Adipocyte‐rich omentum offers “good soil” for disseminating ovarian cancer (OvCa), contributing to therapeutic difficulty. However, little is understood about the association between adipocytes and tumor growth at peritoneal dissemination site. Herein, we report the induction of adipocyte dedifferentiation by OvCa cells and pro‐tumorigenic effects of resulted adipocyte‐derived fibroblasts. We confirmed that malignant ascites promoted the dedifferentiation of the primary human adipocytes obtained from surgical omental specimen into omental adipocyte‐derived fibroblast (O‐ADF) that possess both mesenchymal stem cell and myofibroblast‐like features. This promotion of dedifferentiation by malignant ascites was blocked by addition of Wnt signaling inhibitor. The effects of dedifferentiated adipocytes in proliferation and migration of OvCa cells were analyzed with in vitro coculturing experimental models and in vivo mice model, and we demonstrated that OvCa cell lines showed enhanced proliferative characteristics, as well as increased migratory abilities upon coculturing with O‐ADF. Additionally, exogenous transforming growth factor‐β1 augmented desmoplastic morphological change of O‐ADF, leading to higher proliferative ability. Our results suggest that OvCa cells promote dedifferentiation of peritoneal adipocytes by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, and generated O‐ADFs exhibit pro‐tumoral hallmarks.
A silver lining in cell line authentication: Short tandem repeat analysis of 1373 cases in China from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Gu Meijia , Yang Meimei , He Jing , Xia Sixuan , Zhang Zhe , Wang Yudong , Zheng Congyi , Shen Chao
Published: September 2021

Continuous cell lines are practical models that are widely used in the study of disease mechanisms and particularly cancers. However, the issue of cell line cross‐contamination has existed since the 1960s, despite repeated advocation for cell line authentication by many experts. Furthermore, cell line abuse has been underestimated and underreported. The China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) received 1373 cell samples for authentication from 2010 to 2019, and has found that the quality of cell lines has improved during this time, offering a positive outlook for the future.
Quetiapine‐Induced Thyroid Dysfunction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khoodoruth Mohamed Adil Shah , Abdo Ameen Khamis Abedalaziz , Ouanes Sami
Published: September 2021

Thyroid abnormalities are documented consequences of quetiapine treatment. This may have clinical implications as changes in thyroid hormones may deteriorate a person's affective state. Yet less is known about the clinical factors and underlying mechanisms associated with thyroid hormones on quetiapine therapy. We therefore systematically reviewed the published literature of evidence of quetiapine‐induced thyroid abnormalities. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and EMBASE for articles in which individuals developed biochemically confirmed thyroid abnormalities (with or without clinical symptoms) while on quetiapine treatment. We included case reports, case series, observational, and experimental studies. We included 32 studies, 20 of which were observational and experimental studies. There were 10 case reports and 1 case series. All the research designs suggested an association between quetiapine and hypothyroidism. However, these findings were limited by the quality of the included studies and the general lack of either a clear temporal relationship or dose response. Quetiapine has been associated with thyroid abnormalities, mainly with hypothyroidism. Drug imputability in these abnormalities is not always clear, and the underlying pathophysiology may include immunological and nonimmunological mechanisms. Large prospective studies are required to clarify this association and to further inform the management of patients treated with quetiapine where hypothyroidism occurs.
Removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution using acid‐modified poultry litter‐derived hydrochar: adsorption, regeneration and reuse
Authors: Ghanim Bashir , Leahy James J , OʼDwyer Thomas F , Kwapinski Witold , Pembroke J Tony , Murnane John G
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Chromium (Cr) is widely used in industrial processes and is considered a major source of pollution when released to the environment. Of particular concern, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is amongst the most toxic heavy metals affecting human health and living organisms when fugitive emissions contaminate aqueous environments. Consequently, its removal and recovery are priorities for environmental remediation in the context of the circular economy. In this study, modified hydrochar (MHC) was generated by hydrothermal carbonisation of acid‐treated (H2SO4) poultry litter (PL) and investigated for its ability to adsorb Cr(VI) from aqueous solution in batch studies. Recovery of Cr(VI) and the regeneration potential of MHC were also evaluated.

RESULTS

Results indicated that Cr(VI) adsorption was strongly pH dependent, demonstrating an inverse relationship between solution pH and Cr(VI) uptake. A maximum adsorption capacity of 26.2 mg g−1 was achieved in 90 min at pH 2. Under optimal conditions, adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherm fitted most closely with the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process of Cr(VI) onto the MHC was exothermic and spontaneous. Regeneration studies demonstrated that the MHC can be re‐used up to four times without significant loss of capacity to adsorb Cr(VI).

CONCLUSIONS

Modified PL hydrochar offers potential as a low‐cost, environmentally friendly solution for Cr(VI) adsorption in wastewater treatment applications. The ability of Cr(VI) to desorb from MHC demonstrates strong potential for Cr(VI) recovery and regeneration of the adsorbent. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Feature fusion combined with tissue Raman spectroscopy to screen cervical cancer
Authors: Yang Bo , Chen Cheng , Chen Fangfang , Ma Cailing , Chen Chen , Zhang Huiting , Gao Rui , Zhang Shuailei , Lv Xiaoyi
Published: September 2021

In this experiment, we collected 45 samples of cervicitis, 29 samples of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 44 samples of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 39 samples of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and 38 cases of cervical adenocarcinoma. After preprocessing of the Raman spectral data, partial least squares (PLS) was used to reduce the dimensionality, and then extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was used for feature selection to obtain the first 30‐dimensional features. The preprocessed Raman spectral data also used a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to obtain amplitude information, and then PLS and XGBoost were used to obtain the first 30‐dimensional features. Finally, K nearest neighbor (KNN), extreme learning machine (ELM), artificial bee colony support vector machine (ABC‐SVM), support vector machine optimized by the cuckoo search algorithm (CS‐SVM), particle swarm optimization coupled with support vector machine (PSO‐SVM), and the convolutional neural network combined with long‐ and short‐term memory (CNN‐LSTM) classification models were established. In the raw Raman spectral features experiments, the classification accuracies of KNN, ELM, ABC‐SVM, CS‐SVM, PSO‐SVM, and CNN‐LTSM were 60.76%, 65.81%, 76.21%, 77.66%, 73.50%, and 69.19%, respectively. In the feature fusion experiments, the classification accuracies were 60.91%, 67.84%, 77.64%, 78.49%, 75.54%, and 70.72%, respectively. The experimental results show that feature fusion can further improve model performance regardless of whether using linear classification models or nonlinear classification models. Therefore, it provides a new strategy for extracting features and screening multiple cervical pathological tissues in the future.
Development and validation of a n‐butanol reduced chemical kinetic mechanism under engine relevant conditions
Authors: Choo Edwin Jia Chiet , Cheng Xinwei , Scribano Gianfranco , Ng Hoon Kiat , Gan Suyin
Published: September 2021

A n‐butanol reduced mechanism (60 species and 306 reactions) was developed using the direct relation graph with error propagation and isomer lumping methods. Sensitivity analysis (SA) was then performed to identify reactions that were sensitive to the ignition delay (ID) for the adjustments of the pre‐exponential factor to replicate the experimental ID times. As compared with the experimental measurements at initial temperatures of 343–1350 K, initial pressures of 0.02–80 bar, and equivalence ratios of 0.5–2.0, the maximum deviation for the predictions by the n‐butanol reduced mechanism was at 37.75% for the ID times, 8 cm/s for the laminar flame speed, and a factor of three for both the species concentration profiles under jet‐stirred reactor and premixed laminar flame. Furthermore, a maximum deviation of 2.5 crank angle degrees in combustion phasing was obtained when the reduced mechanism was benchmarked against the detailed mechanism under homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) conditions at initial temperature of 413 K, initial pressure of 1 bar, and equivalence ratios of 0.5–2.0. Despite these deviations, the low temperature IDs and the laminar flame speed predicted by the present reduced mechanism were in better agreement to the experimental measurements than the existing n‐butanol reduced mechanisms of comparable sizes. Hence, this collectively indicates that improvements were made to the present reduced mechanism, particularly for the low‐temperature reactions. The n‐butanol reduced mechanism was also compared with gasoline and diesel surrogates under 0D HCCI simulations. The results indicate that the combustion characteristics of n‐butanol is closer to gasoline than to diesel. This suggests that n‐butanol could safely replace gasoline fuel in neat form while it is more suitable to be blended with diesel fuel to maintain engine performance and prevent any adverse effects on the engine.
Association of NQO1 levels and its genetic polymorphism with susceptibility to methamphetamine dependence
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhang Wei , Deng Xiao‐Dong , Ma Ying , Liu Yun
Published: September 2021

Background

The quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) gene was involved in the pathophysiological process of illicit drugs abuse, and its polymorphisms might be associated with methamphetamine (METH) dependence susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to examine the NQO1 mRNA and protein levels and to analyze the 609C/T polymorphism (rs1800566) between METH‐dependent patients and controls.

Methods

A total of 392 METH‐dependent patients (cases) and 669 healthy controls (controls) were enrolled in the study. The quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the relative expressions of NQO1 mRNA in PBMCs and protein levels in plasma, respectively. PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP‐PCR) and direct‐sequencing genotyping were used to detect the alleles and genotypes of NQO1 609C/T polymorphism.

Results

The levels of NQO1 mRNA in cases (3.2650 ± 2.2943) was significantly higher than in controls (1.0125 ± 0.7959) (p < 0.001), the plasma protein in cases (0.2368 ± 0.1486) was significantly lower than in controls (0.5844 ± 0.1742) (p < 0.001). The T allele of the 609C/T polymorphism significantly increased the risk of METH dependence (p = 0.032, OR = 1.214, 95%CI = 1.017–1.450). The TC and TC/TT genotypes of 609C/T were observed significantly more frequently in cases than in controls, respectively (TC vs CC: p = 0.012, OR = 1.457, 95% CI = 1.087–1.952; TC/TT vs CC: p = 0.008, OR = 1.460, 95% CI = 1.102–1.935). Similar results were obtained after adjusting for age and sex. We failed to find that any genotype of 609C/T polymorphism affected the mRNA or plasma protein levels in controls, respectively (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The findings suggested that NQO1 might play an important role in the pathophysiological process of METH dependence, and the 609C/T polymorphism might contribute to the susceptibility to METH dependence in a Chinese Han population.
Labor‐ und Produktionsdaten: Integer bleiben
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian
Published: September 2021

Es gibt Programme, die bei Datentransfer und ‐verarbeitung Manipulationen und Erpressung verhindern. Wie sich Datenintegrität durchgängig vom Labor bis zur Auswertung für Forschung, Analytik und Produktion sichern lässt.
Made in Japan: Moonshot program for human well‐being
Authors: Schmid Rolf
Published: September 2021

Japan has a long tradition in cooperative programs. Usually these are down‐to‐earth, sintered through many rounds of expert discussions that have resulted in a consensus, which is formalised in an affidavit carrying the personal stamp signatures of the participants. Such group‐centered endeavours for kaizen, continuous improvements made step by step, have often resulted in flawlessly perfect products.
Gewässerschutz: Chemische Reinigungsverfahren
Authors: Miller Markus , Osterland Thomas
Published: September 2021

Mikroplastik lässt sich zentral in einer Kläranlage entfernen, bevor es in weitere Gewässer und etwa aus marinen Ökosystemen in den menschlichen Körper gelangt. Welche Verfahren wie funktionieren und woran noch zu forschen ist.
The chemical sciences and the quest for sustainability
Authors: Hopf Henning , Krief Alain , Mehta Goverdhan , Matlin Stephen A.
Published: September 2021

Two years into the "decade of action“ to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals set by the UN in 2015, how much has been accomplished, and how well is chemistry performing in its intertwined goals of enhancing sustainability and reforming itself?
Oral corticosteroid dosage and clinical presentation of psychiatric conditions after steroid use: A consultation‐liaison psychiatry service’s experience
Authors: Yagi Yuko , Takahashi Yusuke , Ogata Yu , Yamana Hayato , Kumakura Yousuke , Ichihashi Kayo , Kasai Kiyoto , Kondo Shinsuke
Published: September 2021

Aim

Psychiatric disturbances are the major adverse effects of corticosteroids. There are no consistent conclusions regarding changes in steroid dosage and the incidence of psychiatric conditions, due in part to the lack of consistent evaluation criteria. The purpose of this research was to determine the incidence and dose‐dependency of psychiatric conditions as assessed by trained psychiatrists.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted at a university hospital in Japan. We identified inpatients receiving oral prednisolone treatment, who were referred to the consultation‐liaison psychiatry team from April 2015 to March 2018. Patients were divided into high‐dose (≥0.5 mg/kg/day) and low‐dose (<0.5 mg/kg/day) groups. We investigated the associations between steroid dosage and incidence of psychiatric conditions.

Results

A total of 93 patients (35 in the high‐dose group, 58 in the low‐dose group) were included. Various psychiatric conditions, such as insomnia, delirium, depression, and psychosis, occurred during steroid therapy. The most common condition was insomnia (72%). We observed no significant differences in the patient background characteristics and the incidence of most psychiatric conditions between the high‐dose and low‐dose groups. However, there were more patients with delirium in the low‐dose group than in the high‐dose group.

Conclusions

Based on the accurate assessment of psychiatric conditions by psychiatrists, our analysis suggests that, among inpatients referred to a consultation‐liaison psychiatry team, the incidence of psychiatric conditions, with the exception of delirium, is independent of the dose of oral prednisolone.
Schwarze Löcher und andere Mysterien
Authors: Ohme Frank
Published: September 2021

Seit 2015 wurden in bisher drei Beobachtungsläufen periodische Raumzeitkrümmungen von großen Laserinterferometern gemessen. Das Ergebnis: Fünfzig Gravitationswellensignale konnten in den Daten gefunden werden, die jeweils vom Umkreisen und Verschmelzen von kompakten Doppelsystemen ausgelöst wurden. Zwei dieser beobachteten Systeme bestanden dabei aus Neutronensternen, die anderen Signale entstammen der Verschmelzung von Schwarzen Löchern. Durch diese Messungen wird ein bisher kaum zugänglicher Bereich des Universums nach und nach sichtbar. Es zeichnet sich ab, dass auch in Zukunft die Signale vieler verschmelzender Schwarzer Löcher, die jeweils 10 bis 40 Sonnenmassen schwer sind, den Großteil der Beobachtungen ausmachen werden. Allerdings hat der erst kürzlich analysierte Beobachtungslauf auch einige überraschende Messungen beinhaltet. Doppelsysteme, in denen die Masse nicht symmetrisch auf beide Partner verteilt ist, wurden erstmals beobachtet und ihr „Klang“ inklusive Obertöne analysiert. In zumindest einem Fall (GW190814) kann das kleine Objekt im System nicht zweifelsfrei identifiziert werden. Bei GW190521 sind die Schwarzen Löcher dagegen so massereich, dass deren Entstehung Rätsel aufgibt. Weitere Beobachtungsläufe, ebenso wie neuartige Gravitationswelleninstrumente, sind für die Zukunft geplant und werden weitere Einsichten zur Zusammensetzung, Entwicklung und Entstehung des Universums liefern.
Ubiquitiform Hotspot Ignition Model of PBX for Shock Initiation
Authors: Liu Chun , Ou Zhuo Cheng , Duan Zhuo Ping , Huang Feng Lei
Published: September 2021

In this study, a ubiquitiform hotspot ignition model with cross‐scale characteristics is proposed to describe the ignition stage of PBX, which can account for heterogeneous effects. Firstly, a ubiquitiform model of hotspot intensity is obtained. The model can describe the hotspot information after PBX is impacted. In which, a hotspot distribution model based on the nested ubiquitiform model of explosives is used to characterize geometric properties of hotspot, including the size and location of hotspot; and the Weibull statistical distribution function is used to describe the distribution of hotspot intensity. Then, combining the ubiquitiform model of hotspot intensity with Arrhenius model, the ubiquitiform hotspot ignition model is developed to characterize the ignition stage of PBX. Finally, it is found that the equivalent reaction rate constants calculated by our ignition model are in good agreement with the previous experimental data.
Cover Image, Volume 77, Issue 10
Authors: Liu Tiansheng , Zhan Xue , Yu Yuan , Wang Shaozhen , Lu Cong , Lin Guifang , Zhu Xiangyu , He Weiyi , You Minsheng , You Shijun
Published: September 2021

The cover image is based on the Research Article Molecular and pharmacological characterization of biogenic amine receptors from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella by Tiansheng Liu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6481.

image
Residential segregation by educational status in Turkey, 2013: Examining the association with political preferences
Authors: Friedman Samantha , Kurtulus Aysenur , Koç Ismet
Published: September 2021

No research has examined the association between political preferences and residential segregation by educational status. In Turkey, affective polarisation is very high and warrants an examination of whether political preferences are associated with educational residential segregation. This study uses data on Turkey from the 2013 Address‐Population Based Registry, the 2011 Census of Population and Housing and voting archives maintained by the Supreme Election Council to examine residential segregation by educational status across the nation's 81 provinces. We find that the segregation between groups at the ends of the educational distribution is the highest. Those with college education are segregated at a moderate level from those with no schooling and a primary‐school education. High‐school graduates are moderately segregated from those with no schooling. Multivariate analyses reveal that political preferences are significantly associated with educational segregation. The implications of this spatial distancing are discussed for Turkey and other politically polarised societies.
Comparison of isotope ratio mass spectrometry and cavity ring‐down spectroscopy procedures and precision of the doubly labeled water method in different physiological specimens
Authors: Sagayama Hiroyuki , Racine Natalie M. , Shriver Timothy C. , Schoeller Dale A.
Published: September 2021

Rationale

This study determines if saliva collection procedures for the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, used for measuring total energy expenditure (TEE), are comparable to urine and plasma collection. Both the cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) analyses techniques are compared.

Methods

Saliva specimens were collected from participants for the DLW method. The specimens were collected under different conditions: after consumption of tap water, after chewing gum, and during exposure to conditions of high and low relative humidity. The isotopes in saliva were compared with simultaneous plasma and urine collection. TEE calculated from saliva and analyzed using CRDS was compared to that of plasma analyzed using IRMS.

Results

The within‐individual variances were not significantly different between the saliva specimens (0.4‰) and plasma (0.3‰). After the oral dose of DLW, the saliva specimens displayed a shorter equilibration time to urine. When participants consumed 500 mL of tap water, the enrichment of saliva specimens reached a new plateau value faster than urine. Saliva collection exposed to high ambient humidity conditions was slightly less enriched as compared to low‐humidity conditions while urine enrichment was unaffected. In contrast, whereas the within‐individual effects of gum chewing during saliva collection on 18O were unaffected, the abundance of 2H in saliva was slightly lower after chewing the gum. The within‐individual difference between TEE calculated from saliva and that calculated from plasma analyzed using IRMS did not differ from zero, and the standard deviation was not different from that predicted by a propagation of error analysis based on analytical error alone.

Conclusions

Our findings support using saliva specimens for the DLW method. The analysis of plasma and urine, however, requires reducing the memory effect resulting from contaminants. Also, it should be performed in a manner that minimizes exposure to air where specimens may be exposed to evaporation or contamination from water vapor during sampling.
Evaluation of a geomorphic instream flow tool for conducting hydraulic‐habitat modelling
Authors: Gronsdahl Stefan , McParland Dan , Eaton Brett , Moore R. Dan , Rosenfeld Jordan
Published: September 2021

Conventional hydraulic‐habitat modelling methods are time‐consuming to implement. In response to repeated calls for more efficient and practical approaches, researchers have developed a geomorphic instream‐flow tool (GIFT) that combines a method to simulate reach‐averaged hydraulics at flows less than bankfull and depth and velocity frequency distributions to develop streamflow‐fish habitat relationships. This approach requires fewer resources to implement than conventional methods, but it has not been widely adopted because it has been subject to minimal testing and validation. This study evaluates the performance of GIFT by comparing its outputs to empirical measurements and conventional model outputs from eight rivers in western North America. The results of this comparison indicate that the root mean square errors for average depth and velocity were 0.078 m and 0.047 m/s, respectively, and the fit of modelled depth and velocity frequency distributions was satisfactory (index of agreement >0.9) for 11 of 15 surveys for depth and 12 of 15 surveys for velocity. GIFT‐derived fish habitat‐streamflow relationships peaked at lower flows than benchmark relationships in smaller streams (mean annual discharge [MAD] < 0.15 m3/s) and are markedly differed from the benchmark in the largest river (MAD of 87 m3/s). GIFT was also paired with a geomorphic regime model to predict the direction of changes in channel morphology and fish habitat following forest harvesting in one watershed. GIFT provides an alternative to conventional modelling approaches for single‐thread, gravel‐bed rivers with a MAD of around 15 m3/s or less. Application of this technique outside of these bounds, or in other regions should proceed with caution, as these scenarios have not been tested.
Avoiding bias in self‐controlled case series studies of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Fonseca‐Rodríguez Osvaldo , Fors Connolly Anne‐Marie , Katsoularis Ioannis , Lindmark Krister , Farrington Paddy
Published: September 2021

Many studies, including self‐controlled case series (SCCS) studies, are being undertaken to quantify the risks of complications following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). One such SCCS study, based on all COVID‐19 cases arising in Sweden over an 8‐month period, has shown that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases the risks of AMI and ischemic stroke. Some features of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19, present in this study and likely in others, complicate the analysis and may introduce bias. In the present paper we describe these features, and explore the biases they may generate. Motivated by data‐based simulations, we propose methods to reduce or remove these biases.
Domino Synthesis of Bis Phenyl Pyrazolone Piperidinium Salt Derivatives
Authors: Prabhakaran Srinivasan , Velmathi Sivan
Published: September 2021

The synthesis of bis phenyl pyrazolone piperidinium salt derivatives from the reaction between an aromatic aldehyde, 3‐methyl‐5‐phenyl pyrazolone and piperidine in ethanol is described here. The reaction seemed to proceed via Knoevenagel condensation followed by hydrogen bond formation to give the organic salt as the sole product. Piperidine acted as both, the reactant and the catalyst. The products were formed in good yields for different aldehydes containing electron withdrawing and electron donating groups. The reaction proceeded in mild conditions, in short reaction time and the products were isolated without the use of column chromatography. The products were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques such as FT‐IR, 1H, 13C & DEPT 135‐NMR and HR‐MS.
Fabrication of Pd@ZnNi‐MOF/GO Nanocomposite and Its Application for H2O2 Detection and Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dyes
Authors: Su Ce , Wang Bangxian , Li Siliang , Wie Yunbiao , Wang Qingli , Li Dongjian
Published: September 2021

ZnNi‐MOF/GO hybrid with layered structures were synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. We use ZnNi‐MOF/GO as the support material for Pd nanoparticles, and synthesize a highly active Pd@ZnNi‐MOF/GO nanocomposite. The structure, morphology and composition of the nanocomposite were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, Pd@ZnNi‐MOF/GO nanocomposite can be called a nanozyme with peroxidase‐like activity, the nanocomposite was applied for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dyes. The nanocomposite showed the high peroxidase‐like activity towards 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with a visual color change in the presence of H2O2. The nanocomposite also showed the good catalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue dyes. The nanocomposite has the advantages of convenient preparation, good stability, and excellent reproducibility. Hence, Pd@ZnNi‐MOF/GO is a promising catalyst with wide application.
Structure and Property of Pesticide Intercalation into Laponite Assisted by Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Liu Jiexiang , Hao Xiang , Zhang Xiaoguang
Published: September 2021

The APTES‐LAP was first prepared by silane coupling agent of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) intercalation into laponite (LAP). The effect of m(APTES)/m(LAP) mass ratio and reaction time on the structure of APTES‐LAP were investigated. The results showed that the interlayer distance of APTES‐LAP was about 1.75∼1.89 nm as the mass ratio of m(APTES)/m(LAP) was between 0.5 and 2.0, reaction time was 24 h. Then, pesticides of beta‐cypermethrin (BCT) and imidacloprid (IMP) were separately introduced into APTES‐LAP to prepare BCT/APTES‐LAP and IMP/APTES‐LAP composites. Their structures and thermal stabilities were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetry/differen‐tial thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), hydrogen magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Compared with APTES‐LAP, the first diffraction peaks of BCT/APTES‐LAP and IMP/APTES‐LAP moved forward, and interlayer distance increased to about 2.2 nm. The existence of APTES and pesticide were further confirmed in the gallery. Furthermore, the release behaviors of pesticide from BCT/APTES‐LAP and IMP/APTES‐LAP in pH 5.0 and 6.8 buffer solutions were investigated and discussed. The pseudo‐second‐order and the parabolic diffusion models were used to fit the release data. This work was helpful to develop the application of composites in pesticide controlled release formulation.
Spectrophotometric Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigation of Chlorpromazine Radical Cation with Hexachloroiridate (IV) in Catalyzed Aqueous Acid Medium
Authors: Sailani Riya
Published: September 2021

The kinetic mechanism of oxidation of Chlorpromazine (CPZ) (2‐chloro‐10‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) phenothiazine) by hexachloroiridate (IV) in acidic aqueous medium has been studied spectrophotometrically using UV‐visible spectrophotometer at λmax 525 nm (ϵ, 10200 dm3 mol−1 cm−1). The title reaction is overall second order being first order with respect to each reactant, but to be complicated at higher substrate concentrations. Oxidant has been found as strong electron transfer species to the formation of chlorpromazine radical cation and further respected sulfoxide. The rate also increases with increasing concentration of hydrogen ion and reaction is catalyzed by perchlorate medium. The oxidation is unaffected to variation in ionic strength. Various proposals have been suggested on the basis of reactivity of Ir[IV] and radical cation species. The activation parameters have been evaluated by employing Eyring equation. The oxidation product of CPZ has been confirmed spectrally and a suitable mechanism has been proposed.
Nitrogen‐rich melamine cyanurate derived hollow porous carbon microspheres prepared through CuCl2 activation for VOCs adsorption
Authors: Ren Yadong , Liu Baogen , Guo Yang , Yu Lingyun , Xu Xiang , Ma Xiancheng , Shi Rui , Sheng Peng , Zeng Zheng , Li Liqing
Published: September 2021

Nitrogen‐enriched porous carbon material with large specific surface area is of great demand in various applications. Herein, CuCl2 is adapted as a mild activator to transform the mixture of soybean meal and melamine cyanurate into a novel type of nitrogen‐enriched hollow porous carbon microspheres with well‐defined hierarchically structure. Excitingly, this mild activation agent not only helps generating porous structure, but also helps increasing the nitrogen content (mainly pyrrolic‐N) of products. The product NPC‐800‐4 exhibits the highest specific surface area (1672.45 m2 g−1) while a pretty high nitrogen content (13.09 at%). The NPC‐800‐4 sample performs the largest toluene and acetone adsorption capacity (818.46 mg g−1 and 758.87 mg g−1 respectively). Furthermore, Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove that the introduction of nitrogen functional groups can heighten the polarity of carbon framework and the electrostatic interaction, thus enhance the acetone adsorption capacity.
Grain Boundary Design of Solid Electrolyte Actualizing Stable All‐Solid‐State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Wang Chengzhi , Sun Zheng , Zhao Yongjie , Wang Boyu , Shao Changxiang , Sun Chen , Zhao Yang , Li Jingbo , Jin Haibo , Qu Liangti
Published: September 2021

Advanced inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs) are critical for all‐solid‐state alkaline metal batteries with high safety and high energy densities. A new interphase design to address the urgent interfacial stability issues against all‐solid‐state sodium metal batteries (ASSMBs) is proposed. The grain boundary phase of a Mg2+‐doped Na3Zr2Si2PO12 conductor (denoted as NZSP‐xMg) is manipulated to introduce a favorable Na3−2δMgδPO4‐dominant interphase which facilitates its intimate contact with Na metal and works as an electron barrier to suppress Na metal dendrite penetration into the electrolyte bulk. The optimal NZSP‐0.2Mg electrolyte endows a low interfacial resistance of 93 Ω cm2 at room temperature, over 16 times smaller than that of Na3Zr2Si2PO12. The Na plating/stripping with small polarization is retained under 0.3 mA cm‐2 for more than 290 days (7000 h), representing a record high cycling stability of SEs for ASSMBs. An all‐solid‐state NaCrO2//Na battery is accordingly assembled manifesting a high capacity of 110 mA h g‐1 at 1 C for 1755 cycles with almost no capacity decay. Excellent rate capability at 5 C is realized with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.8%, signifying promising application in solid‐state electrochemical energy storage systems.
The Importance of Internationalization Today and the Leadership Role of IAU
Authors: Gacel-Ávila Jocelyne
Published: September 2021

Since its creation back in the fifties, the International Association of Universities (IAU) has been consistently fostering a set of academic values and principles to frame higher education institutions’ mission and institutional practices, such as academic freedom, institutional autonomy, social responsibility, cooperation, solidarity, tolerance, equity in access, open access to knowledge, scientific integrity, ethical behaviour, and quality in learning, research and outreach. These principles are most valuable in a world where globalization and the global economy paradigm have triggered fierce competition among universities for prestige, talent and financial resources at the global level. This is encouraged by global rankings, provoking tensions with universities’ national missions and putting at risk the values of inclusion, solidarity and local social commitments. Besides causing increased inequality and tensions in social cohesion, as well as the rise of new trends of nationalism and populism within countries, globalization has provoked geopolitical tensions and boosted a wider division between the Global North and the Global South.
To Cohere and Act as One: IAU—The Global Voice of Higher Education
Authors: Fredman Pam
Published: September 2021

Knowledge and knowledge development have always been essential for the survival and continuing development of humankind. As part of the human condition, people have always adapted to the particularities of local environments which in turn are influenced by global conditions and changes, such as climate change, disease, and armed conflict, among others. Knowledge has, throughout human history, been shared and transferred, and with time ever more extensively across regions and national borders. The basic idea that knowledge has no borders has always been and needs to continue to be a guiding light for higher education (HE). International mobility is part of this knowledge transfer and exchange as it augments our understanding of cultural, structural, and financial differences in the world, which must be considered collectively as our shared global responsibility for sustainable social development. These, as well as other perspectives, will be addressed in the following lines.
Universities in an Era of Post-Corona “New Order”
Authors: Katsu Etsuko
Published: September 2021

Since the beginning of 2020, the global spread of the coronavirus has caused a sudden disappearance in both supply and demand of goods. This had a major impact on the macroeconomy and corporate management. Our lifestyle is about to change drastically, and companies and universities have changed their work styles by moving to remote work and online meetings. In this memorable year, which also marks the 70th anniversary of IAU, I focus on how universities should be in an era of post-Corona “new order” from a Japanese perspective.
Science and Social Responsibility – Heritage and Mission
Authors: Ruppert Godehard
Published: September 2021

Theophrastus, the great logician and botanist, was Aristotle’s student and successor, and thereby heir to a kind of intellectual tradition that more than any other cultivated the art of conversation as a means of seeking the truth. It also marks the beginnings of a development towards the European academic tradition.
Envisioning Higher Education for the Future
Authors: Jensen-Pennington Henning
Published: September 2021

In a constantly changing global society, higher education faces threats, challenges and opportunities that are not static, but are constantly evolving and transforming. Higher education institutions are prone to appreciate universal values, traditions and stability, which is specific and extremely relevant assets that help explain the profound roots they have put down across many cultures and highlight their enduring contribution to societal development in almost all dimensions, from material production and scientific innovation to artistic creativity and critical thinking about the surrounding world.
From University to Multiversity to Omniversity: HEIs as Hubs for Dynamic Development
Authors: Bassett Roberta Malee
Published: September 2021

Omni: in all ways or places; Omniverse: a universe that is spacio-temporally four-dimensional (Merriam-Webster)
Universities Beyond 2020
Authors: Salama Amr
Published: September 2021

Universities play an important role as leaders in teaching and learning, in education, research and technology. Through their teaching activities, universities provide professional training for high-level jobs, as well as the education necessary for the development of the individual.
The amplitude for classical gravitational scattering at third Post-Minkowskian order
Authors: Bjerrum-Bohr N. Emil J. , Damgaard Poul H. , Planté Ludovic , Vanhove Pierre
Published: September 2021

Abstract

We compute the scattering amplitude for classical black-hole scattering to third order in the Post-Minkowskian expansion, keeping all terms needed to derive the scattering angle to that order from the eikonal formalism. Our results confirm a conjectured relation between the real and imaginary parts of the amplitude by Di Vecchia, Heissenberg, Russo, and Veneziano, and are in agreement with a recent computation by Damour based on radiation reaction in general relativity.
Universitäre Notaufnahmen in der Coronapandemie – Ergebnisse des ReCovER-Registers
Authors: Suárez Victor , Koehler Felix C. , Hackl Matthias J. , Möckel Martin , Slagman Anna , Pudasaini Samipa , Risse Joachim , Schunk Domagoj , Blaschke Sabine , Kümpers Philipp , Burst Volker
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund

Die aktuelle COVID-19-Pandemie stellt, trotz der Verfügbarkeit von Schnelltests und des Starts der Impfkampagne, die Notaufnahme weiterhin vor große Herausforderungen. Die strukturierte Erfassung von demographischen, klinischen sowie therapiebezogenen Daten stellt die Grundlage für die Erstellung evidenzbasierter Prozesse und Behandlungskonzepte dar.

Ziel der Arbeit

Darstellung der systematischen Erfassung klinischer Parameter bei Patienten mit COVID-19-Verdacht im Notaufnahmeregister ReCovER (Registry for COVID-19 in the Emergency Room) sowie deskriptive Darstellung der ersten 1000 Patienten.

Material und Methoden

In zentralen Notaufnahmen (ZNA) von 6 Universitätskliniken werden kontinuierlich Daten von Patienten mit COVID-19-Verdacht, unabhängig vom Nachweis einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion, in ein webbasiertes, anonymisiertes Register eingegeben.

Ergebnisse

Zwischen dem 19.05.2020 und dem 13.01.2021 wurden 1000 Patienten in das Register eingegeben, hiervon waren 594 Patienten (59,4 %) in der SARS-CoV-2-positiven (PG) und 406 Patienten (40,6 %) in der negativen Gruppe (NG). Patienten der PG hatten signifikant weniger Vorerkrankungen und eine deutlich längere Latenz zwischen Symptombeginn und Vorstellung in der ZNA (Median 5 vs. 3 Tage), litten häufiger unter Husten, Myalgien, Fatigue sowie Geruchs/Geschmacksverlust und hatten einen signifikant höheren Sauerstoffbedarf als die NG-Patienten. Die Rate von schweren Krankheitsverläufen war in der PG signifikant erhöht und es bestanden nach Entlassung häufiger persistierende Symptome (11,1 vs. 4,6 %).

Schlussfolgerungen

Durch die multizentrische Erfassung von umfangreichen klinischen Daten zu COVID-19-Verdachtsfällen in der Notaufnahme können insbesondere auch für die Situation in Deutschland spezifische Aspekte analysiert werden. Dies ist essenziell für eine gezielte Überprüfung und Adaption international publizierter Strategien.
Social interactions, residential segregation and the dynamics of tipping
Authors: Kollmann Trevor , Marsiglio Simone , Suardi Sandy , Tolotti Marco
Published: September 2021

We develop an analytically tractable population dynamics model of heterogeneous agents to characterize how social interactions within a neighborhood determine the dynamic evolution of its ethnic composition. We characterize the conditions under which integration or segregation will occur, which depends on the majority’s social externality parameter and net benefit from leaving, and the minority’s leaving probability. Minority segregation may result from the process of tipping, which may arise from three possible channels: two are related to exogenous shocks (migration flows and changes in tipping points) and one is related to the endogenous probabilistic features of our framework (endogenous polarization). This characterization of integration and segregation conditions yields interesting policy implications for social and urban planning policies to mitigate segregation.
The Walker Abel–Jacobi map descends
Authors: Achter Jeffrey D. , Casalaina-Martin Sebastian , Vial Charles
Published: September 2021

For a complex projective manifold, Walker has defined a regular homomorphism lifting Griffiths’ Abel–Jacobi map on algebraically trivial cycle classes to a complex abelian variety, which admits a finite homomorphism to the Griffiths intermediate Jacobian. Recently Suzuki gave an alternate, Hodge-theoretic, construction of this Walker Abel–Jacobi map. We provide a third construction based on a general lifting property for surjective regular homomorphisms, and prove that the Walker Abel–Jacobi map descends canonically to any field of definition of the complex projective manifold. In addition, we determine the image of the l-adic Bloch map restricted to algebraically trivial cycle classes in terms of the coniveau filtration.
On fibrations approaching the Arakelov equality
Authors: Bieri Maximilian
Published: September 2021

The sum of Lyapunov exponents $$L_f$$

L
f

of a semi-stable fibration is the ratio of the degree of the Hodge bundle by the Euler characteristic of the base. This ratio is bounded from above by the Arakelov inequality. Sheng-Li Tan showed that for fiber genus $$g\ge 2$$

g
≥
2

the Arakelov equality is never attained. We investigate whether there are sequences of fibrations approaching asymptotically the Arakelov bound. The answer turns out to be no, if the fibration is smooth, or non-hyperelliptic, or has a small base genus. Moreover, we construct examples of semi-stable fibrations showing that Teichmüller curves are not attaining the maximal possible value of $$L_f$$

L
f

.