bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of situative vocabulary and linguistic quasi-corpus for language acquisition
Authors: Lvova Olga V.
Published: July 2022

Problem and goal. Application and integration of ICT-technologies into different human activities and fields of knowledge appeared to be rather fruitful and very promising for further improvement of existing and development of new tools. In particular, it equipped linguistics with very powerful and perspective innovative original tool - linguistic corpus, and opens new horizons for teachers in dealing with actual learning and educational tasks and responds to the challenges of modern life. Two ICT-linguistic tools - situative vocabulary and linguistic quasi-corpus were developed using the ideas of traditional topic vocabulary united with modern telecommunicative tools as blogs and chats and linguistic corpus with specific database and “human” concordance. Methodology. Potential of the tools for improvement of communicative skills in foreign language as well as in mother tongue is analyzed thoroughly and ways of their application are described. Results. Proper application of situative vocabulary and linguistic corpus for educational purposes also helps to develop multiculturalism, foster tolerance - both topics being very actual and even crucial under current circumstances and as areas for different project activities. Conclusion. Combination of ICT and linguistics allows developing modern and perspective tools shown to be effective for different learning situations.
Professional development e-course on how to integrate interdisciplinary approach into the learning process in schools that practise multimodality and use interactive educational online services
Authors: Nikonorova Ekaterina I.
Published: July 2022

Problem and goal. The problem of implementation and realization of interdisciplinary approach in the learning process at schools is demonstrated. The goal of this research is to create professional development e-course for teachers, which can include practical approaches to integrate interdisciplinarity and to develop multimodality through the application of online services. Methodology. The practical research is carried out based on organizing an experimental (93 people) and control (71 people) groups of students in different ages (4-8th grades) and disciplines. The students from an experimental group are taught by the teachers who took part in the designed e-course. These teachers use practice-based methods and strategies to integrate interdisciplinary approach in the lessons of Geography, Mathematics, Russian, English, Social Studies and Literature in a primary school. They apply online services such as Padlet, Zoom and Google Tools as well. Analysis of interdisciplinary skills level is carried out with the help of control diagnostics before and after the experiment. Results. The tools for the integration of interdisciplinary approach and the application of online services in educational process have appeared to be effective. The evidence of this conclusion is the toolbox with methodological interdisciplinary materials and resources which has been created for the learning process with the help of online services which can help students develop transfer skills, creative and critical thinking. The tools and services demonstrated in this research allow students and teachers to develop agency, i.e. the ability to be responsible for their life, in particular for their learning, to make a choice and to have a voice. They also help increase motivation to the process of learning. Such tools and online services can play a significant role for informatization of the learning process because they have an impact on the development of students’ multimodality. Conclusion. The results allow to identify the effectiveness of the implementation and integration of interdisciplinary approach in educational process, especially in the framework of narrow disciplines, with the help of online services. Teachers, who had taken part in a designed professional development e-course, used strategies and tools, online services in practice. The students demonstrated an enhanced level of creative and critical thinking and transfer skills during control diagnostics after the research.
Expert group formation for making the regional development decisions: disagreement or cohesion (on the example of national projects implementation)
Authors: Bogdanov V. S. , Pochestnev A. A.
Published: July 2022

When implementing national projects, there is an issue of the expert group formation due to the need in new management mechanisms that meet the meritocratic demand of the Russian society for an effective state under the transition from the “control and supervision” paradigm to the “smart management” paradigm. National projects should not be left out of the wider public discussion and real participation of different target groups, which is determined by the tasks of the power-administrative vertical - to answer external and internal challenges in the implementation of 12 national projects. The result of the established expert group formation is the structure of decision-making groups. To identify the effect of group formation, the authors introduce the parameter ‘cohesion’-‘disagreement’ in expert groups during the development and implementation of project solutions. The study aims at assessing the state of expert groups (decision-making), which reflect the level of the regional development, including social-cultural modernization. On the basis of the presented theoretical-methodological foundations, the authors developed a methodology for identifying socio-mental groups that are formed in the decision-making groups and work on the implementation of national projects. This methodology consists of the scales of experts’ access to the regional management (index “activity vs passivity”) and the scales of solidarity of experts with the position of power, political and managerial activities of all levels of the power-administrative vertical (index “support vs disagreement”). The structures of the expert groups were correlated with the integral indices of the regional development as presented in the social-economic and political-administrative rankings. Thus, on the basis of statistical procedures and identified expert groups, the authors assessed the ‘disagreement’ and ‘cohesion’ of expert decision-making in achieving national goals.
Non-verbal signs of personality: Communicative meanings of facial expressions
Authors: Sharkov F. I. , Silkin V. V. , Kireeva O. F.
Published: July 2022

Abstact. There is a lot of evidence that most people are capable of recognizing emotions by facial expressions. What information does a facial expression usually provide? Can emotions be shown without facial expressions? Can there be facial expressions without a corresponding emotional state? Are there individual facial expressions? The studies of various aspects of non-verbal communication show both similarities and differences in non-verbal behavior. It is argued that similarities are most evident at the individual level, when the focus is on the objective, formal features of behavior, while differences are more likely to be found when the analysis focuses on the relationship between individuals and interpersonal meanings of behavior. Despite the rapid expansion of research on non-verbal communication, most of it describes simple differences in the display of non-verbal signals. Although they differ in almost every other respect, most facial measurement methods focus on what is seen, on what the researcher can identify when seeing some facial movements. Most of the research methods applied are not sufficient for the study of this complex, multidimensional issue. Like all basic studies of communicative processes, proxemics is more about how than why, and more about structure than content. The article focuses on the question whether non-verbal behavior reflects cultural similarities or differences, and whether different levels of analysis allow to observe both cultural homogeneity and diversity inherent in most acts of non-verbal behavior. The authors consider the data of laboratory experiments on the relationship between emotions and adults’ facial expressions: some studies confirm the high consistency between fun and smiling, and from the low to moderate consistency between other positive emotions and smiling. The available evidence on surprise and disgust suggests that these emotions are accompanied by their ‘traditional’ facial expressions or even some components of such expressions only in a minority of cases. The American anthropologist, one of the founders of kinesics, Birdwhistell introduced this term for the complex study of facial expressions, poses, gait, and visible movements of arms and body. Birdwhistell argues that body language is determined by cultural environment rather than universal genetic programs. Birdwhistell defines kinesics as “the study of body-motion as related to the nonverbal aspects of interpersonal communication”. He argues that communication with body motion is systemic, socially learned and communicative unless proven otherwise. The article considers in detail the works and theories of Birdwhistell who often had to admit that some of his ideas were controversial. The authors conclude that Birdwhistell’s works have serious mistakes, and other researchers failed to develop his theory of kinesics. Thus, the authors consider the research in this field focusing on the so-called recognition of the communicative meanings of facial expressions.
Peripherization of the old-developed Russian regions
Authors: Nikulin A. M.
Published: July 2022

The article is a review of the book Old-Developed Regions in the Sociogeographic Space of Russia: History and Contemporaneity prepared by a team of authors under the scientific editorship of T.G. Nefedova and A.V. Starikov (Moscow: Association of Scientific Publications KMK, 2021. 379 p.). The book is the result of the long-term research project “Development of the old-developed areas under the social-economic polarization and shrinkage of the developed space in European Russia” supported by the Russian Science Foundation in 2019-2021. The authors of the book note that it is time to abandon unrealistic declarations about the further development of all regions of the country, and to start rethinking the significance of the old-developed Russian regions and the possibilities of their re-development on the basis of their accumulated cultural heritage and human capital. The research focuses on two macro-regions of the Russian Federation - Central Russia and the Urals. The study is multiscale and interdisciplinary, it combines a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods of social sciences. Despite the statement that there is a further polarization and shrinkage of the developed Russian spaces, the authors find many confirmations of the possibilities of self-organization and sustainable development in the old-developed regions for the benefit of the whole country.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extracts of Allophylus Cobbe (L.) Raeusch leaves against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Chavan Sandeep , Dias Remeth , Magdum Chandrakant
Published: July 2022

Liver disorders are one of the major concerns globally. Various conventional therapeutics used in the treatment of liver diseases are sometimes not enough and associated with serious side effects. Therefore, herbal medicines could be promising to defeat the above problems, and to treat diseases effectively. Aim of the current investigation is to screen the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Allophylus cobbe (EEAC) leaves against Paracetamol (PCM) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. EEAC (200 and 400 mg/kg) were administered to the rats for 7 days and hepatotoxicity was induced by administration of PCM (3 g/kg) on the 8th day. After 24 h of toxicity induction, the blood samples were collected and serum and tissue biochemical parameters like- serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), Creatinine, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total proteins were analyzed. Livers of the animals were isolated and were studied for histopathological changes. The extract treated animals were compared with the animals treated with standard hepatoprotective Silymarin (100 mg/kg). Administration of PCM causes hepatotoxicity to the animals, EEAC and silymarin prevented the PCM induced hepatotoxicity. The level of the increased blood biochemical parameters were significantly decreased by oral administration of EEAC and silymarin. PCM hepatotoxicity raised the LPO activity of the liver tissue which was significantly decreased by EEAC and silymarin. Decrease in protective tissue enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH) and the proteins by the PCM hepatotoxicity were significantly increased by the EEAC and silymarin. Histopathological observation of the PCM treated group showed the marked degeneration of the liver cells and liver damage which was significantly restored when the animals were treated with the EEAC and silymarin. Allophylus cobbe showed the presence of bioactive components in the plant having the antioxidant potential; which might be responsible for hepatoprotective activity of the plant. The present study showed that EEAC restored the levels of altered biochemical parameters and prevented the liver from the toxic effects of PCM revealing the hepatoprotective potential of Allophyluscobbe.
Mail concessions for a global empire: correos mayores in the Spanish Empire in America (1514-1620)
Authors: González Martínez Nelson
Published: July 2022

The nature of mail concessions awarded to private parties in order to enable the distribution of information within the Spanish Empire in the sixteenth century is examined. I propose the hypothesis that several versions of mail concessions coexisted within the Spanish Empire. Likewise, I question the notion that these mail concessions were intended to gain monopoly control. The analysis concentrates on correos mayores, through which contracts were negotiated and entered into with the crown for the rights to distribute correspondence in several communication epicenters. By means of a comparison between the situations in Sevilla, the Royal Court, Mexico, and Guatemala, the article shows that “gifts” by various means, as well as auctions, were the main models for allocating mail concessions.
The role of salient beliefs influence on Malaysian academics’ intention to publish in indexed journals
Authors: Hosen Mosharrof , Chong Yee-Lee , Lau Lin-Sea
Published: July 2022

To qualify in world top universities rankings, various incentives have been provided by private universities in Malaysia to improve one of the quantifiable performance indicators: imparting, sharing and transferring knowledge through research publication which, however, is still embryonic stage. To develop effective tactical strategies, the full version of Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) including salient beliefs that can cause the academics to form specific reactions towards attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control constructs need to be elicited and analysed through preliminary study that nevertheless is limited in the literature. To fill up this important research gap, this paper intends (1) to increase the understanding of what the full-version of TPB constructs measure; (2) to discuss the procedure for eliciting the salient beliefs; and (3) to understand how data on salient beliefs are to be analysed. The results revealed a number of new insightful behavioural, normative and control beliefs that go beyond the current understanding of the theory of planned behaviour. The findings of the study contribute to developing appropriate behavioural intervention programs to enhance academics’ intention to publish articles in highly reputable indexed journals. Overall, this article intends to provide useful indications to researchers to understand the importance of applying the full version of the TPB, and how a more structured method can be used to elicit and measure the descriptors of salient beliefs.
Scientific zero to one: Some common properties of highly-influential papers
Authors: Jahani Yekta Mohammad Mahdi
Published: July 2022

Based on an intensive study of the most popular papers of the approximately 6,000 top-1% highly-cited (HC) researchers 2018 announced by Clarivate Analytics, the most HC papers in different fields of science in the interval 2001-11 reported by Web-of-Science (Thomson- Reuters), the top 100 most-HC ones ever; reported in 2014 by the same institute, and also the scientific backgrounds and career trends of the involved authors, we first analyze several major properties common in most such highly-influential papers that add something fundamentally new to their corresponding fields, taking them from a “zero” state in some domain to “one”. These properties include importance of the paper topic in essence, firsthand approach to the problem it focuses on, notable improvement of the solution it offers for the problem compared to its existing counterparts, monopoly in some aspect, durability, proper timing, knowledgeable research team and availability of the required resources, effective presentation to the right audience, and; finally, perseverance. We next propose soft citation; an upgrade to the current citation standards, and then a problem-oriented interactive research model as a transformative complement for the state-of-the-art academic publishing system, that would expedite this zero to one transition.
Review and prospect of research on ancient book information processing in China
Authors: Liu Zhongbao , Qin Zhenzhen , Zhao Wenjuan
Published: July 2022

The advent of the era of big data appears to be an unprecedented opportunity to the development of ancient book information processing in China. A comprehensive review of the research on ancient book information processing can help researchers understand the research progress and grasp the future research trend. Based on the life cycle of ancient book information processing, this paper reviews and summarizes the progress of digital resource construction, data mining, system construction and information service, and prospects the future research trend. Although progress has been made to some extent, the ancient book information processing is still in its infancy. It is expected that more researchers will pay attention to and engage in this field.
Medical School Characteristics, Policies, and Practices That Support Primary Care Specialty Choice: A Scoping Review of 5 Decades of Research
Authors: Phillips Julie P. , Wendling Andrea L. , Prunuske Jacob , Polverento Molly E. , Ledford Christy J.W. , Erlich Deborah R. , Guard Esther L. , Kost Amanda , Kovar-Gough Iris , Lee Amy L. , Liaw Winston , Nguyen Bich-May , Pratte Morgan A. , Raleigh Meghan F. , Sairenji Tomoko , Seehusen Dean A. , Walker Shelby , Young Virginia , Morley Christopher P.
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives: The United States, like many other nations, faces a chronic shortage of primary care physicians. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize literature describing evidence-based institutional practices and interventions that support medical students’ choices of primary care specialties, published in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
Methods: We surveyed peer-reviewed, published research. An experienced medical librarian conducted searches of multiple databases. Articles were selected for inclusion based on explicit criteria. We charted articles by topic, methodology, year of publication, journal, country of origin, and presence or absence of funding. We then scored included articles for quality. Finally, we defined and described six common stages of development of institutional interventions.
Results: We reviewed 8,083 articles and identified 199 articles meeting inclusion criteria and 41 related articles. As a group, studies were of low quality, but improved over time. Most were quantitative studies conducted in the United States. Many studies utilized one of four common methodologic approaches: retrospective surveys, studies of programs or curricula, large-scale multi-institution comparisons, and single-institution exemplars. Most studies developed groundwork or examined effectiveness or impact, with few studies of planning or piloting. Few studies examined state or regional workforce outcomes.
Conclusions: Research examining medical school interventions and institutional practices to support primary care specialty choice would benefit from stronger theoretical grounding, greater investment in planning and piloting, consistent use of language, more qualitative methods, and innovative approaches. Robust funding mechanisms are needed to advance these goals.
Impact of Curricula and Electives on Primary Care Specialty Choice: A Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Nguyen Bich-May , Liaw Winston , Polverento Molly E. , Phillips Julie P. , Wendling Andrea L. , Morley Christopher P. , Young Virginia , Kovar-Gough Iris , Prunuske Jacob
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives: Educational components and electives that may influence medical student choice of primary care careers have been studied individually, but not reviewed or synthesized. Examining educational components and electives in a comprehensive manner may inform evidence-based approaches to raise the number of primary care physicians in the United States and help optimize use of finite resources. We sought to determine evidence-based educational components and electives associated with increased medical student choice of primary care careers.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL for undergraduate medical education articles in English describing an educational component or elective and outcome relevant to primary care specialty choice. We assessed titles, then abstracts, and finally full texts for inclusion in a narrative synthesis.
Results: The searches returned 11,211 articles and we found 42 that met the inclusion criteria. The most described components were outpatient clinical rotations, preclinical courses, and preceptorships. The most common electives were international health, summer preceptorships, and rural medicine. While most articles described curricula that appeared to have a positive correlation with primary care specialty choice, six articles found limited benefit. In sum, results were mixed.
Conclusions: The current literature is limited, and many contemporary electives have not been studied with respect to primary care choice. Increased attention and funding to studying the impact of electives and other educational components on primary care specialty choice is warranted.
CONSERVAÇÃO, CONFLITOS HOMEM-NATUREZA E POVOS INDÍGENAS: MESA-REDONDA ONLINE NA PROMOÇÃO DA DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Prado-Silva Jéssica , Pereira dos Santos Margarida , Tiago Dutra Rayana , Aguilar-Aleixo Luciana
Published: July 2022

A Amazônia é a maior floresta tropical do mundo, abrigando grande biodiversidade. Apesar de sua importância, vem sofrendo intenso impacto antrópico devido a interesses econômicos. Os diversos conflitos homem-natureza estão associados a questões éticas e ecológicas, já que se tem vivenciado grande devastação ambiental, devido principalmente ao desmatamento e queimadas. Nesse contexto se destaca a importância da divulgação científica para a conservação ambiental, tema abordado na mesa-redonda: "Conservação, conflitos homem-natureza e povos indígenas", realizada pelo projeto de extensão “Evolução Para Todos”. O evento foi utilizado como fonte para esta pesquisa aplicada, do tipo qualitativa descritiva, na forma de pesquisa-ação. Contou com 181 participantes certificados e ultrapassou 800 visualizações, tendo sido efetivo no propósito de suscitar o debate e a conscientização ambiental do público. A forma errônea como o homem se relaciona com o meio ambiente tem sido responsável pelo surgimento de inúmeras zoonoses, incluindo a COVID-19. É evidente a necessidade de uma inter-relação mais equilibrada entre meio ambiente, humanos e demais animais, demanda abrangida pelo conceito de Saúde Única. Os interesses econômicos acabam se sobrepondo às relações com os recursos naturais e com os povos indígenas, que historicamente se integram ao meio ambiente de modo harmonioso, apresentando papel crucial na preservação da biodiversidade.
ELEMENTOS PARA SE PENSAR NA ORGANIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO PEDAGÓGICO DOCENTE NO ENSINO REMOTO
Authors: Ferraz Roselane Duarte , Ferreira Lúcia Gracia , Silva Michelle Cristina da
Published: July 2022

A organização do trabalho pedagógico dos professores sofre os efeitos do agravamento da crise educacional provocada pela pandemia da COVID-19. Orientados a estruturarem seus trabalhos, excepcionalmente, por meio de atividades remotas, os professores vivenciam o desafio de planejarem novas reconfigurações que possam atender as necessidades de aprendizagem dos seus alunos. Observando essa problemática, o estudo objetiva identificar as mudanças e os desafios na organização do trabalho pedagógico do professor, considerando o planejamento, a reconfiguração do espaço-tempo de ensino-aprendizagem, as interações entre professor e alunos, no contexto do ensino remoto emergencial. Para isso optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, fazendo uso do questionário como instrumento para coleta de dados, juntos aos professores da Educação Básica, da região do Médio Sudoeste da Bahia. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise temática (BARDIN, 2010). Participaram 24 professores dos anos iniciais/finais do Ensino Fundamental e do Ensino Médio, das redes públicas e particulares. Os resultados apontaram que os professores precisaram reconfigurar a Organização do Trabalho Pedagógico (OTP) que passaram a incluir as interfaces digitais e impactou no aumento da jornada de trabalho e na necessidade de formação continuada. Estas e outras demandas do Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE), acabaram por desencadear desgastes físicos e mentais. O acompanhamento da gestão/coordenação junto ao trabalho dos professores foi intensificado, porém, houve uma significativa diminuição nos aspectos da interação e motivação, junto aos alunos, dado que revela condições de vulnerabilidade social e econômica dos nossos alunos e professores. Portanto, o ERE trouxe significativas mudanças na Organização do Trabalho Pedagógico dos professores.
La filosofía del arte en Arauca interpretación del símbolo a la realidad y de la realidad al símbolo
Authors: Rodríguez Durango Pavel Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Es importante empezar por reflexionar sobre la intitulación de este artículo, puesto que una duda que surgía al comenzar a urdir sobre el tema, estribaba sobre si en efecto era un problema esencialmente filosófico, en este caso, desde la filosofía del arte, o si los bordes de otras expresiones de las ciencias humanas tocaban más de lo pertinente un documento con fines filosóficos, por lo que se propone exponer un proyecto de abstracción racional que, pensado desde la filosofía, pretenda conciliar en la pugna que desde la década de los 80 tuvo lugar entre la deno-minada filosofía aplicada/práctica y la teórica/académica. Así, en aras de una fusión de horizontes se espera, a la usanza de Gerard Achenbach en su libro Philosophische Praxis, encontrar un punto de inflexión entre la consultoría filosófica y la intervención de la filosofía en la transformación práctica del mundo. Con el título La filosofía del arte en Arauca: interpretación del símbolo a la realidad y de la realidad al símbolo, este artículo se acerca a un urdir teórico de los elementos que componen los símbolos con los cuales codificamos la realidad. Más allá de un campo expreso de acción, basados en antecedentes y características de ciudadanos que en el marco de sus costumbres (tradición), narrativas (historia como subjetividad), circunstancias y comportamientos, puedan encontrar en la educación pensada con enfoque filosófico y artístico, una nueva comprensión esté-tica de su realidad como un lenitivo a la marginalidad y como una concepción emancipadora.
Genetic landscape clustering of a large DNA barcoding dataset reveals shared patterns of genetic divergence among freshwater fishes of the Maroni Basin
Authors: Papa Yvan , Bail Pierre-Yves Le , Covain Raphael
Published: July 2022

Version of record in Molecular Ecology Resources: 
https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13402

The Maroni is one of the most speciose basins of the Guianas and hosts a
megadiverse freshwater fish community. Although taxonomical references
exist for both the Surinamese and Guyanese parts of the basin, these
lists were mainly based on morphological identification and there are
still taxonomical uncertainties concerning the status of several fish
species. Here we present a barcode dataset of 1,284 COI sequences from
199 freshwater fish species (68.86% of the total number of strictly
freshwater fishes from the basin) from 124 genera, 36 families, and 8
orders. DNA barcoding allowed for fast and efficient identification of
all specimens studied as well as unveiling a consequent cryptic
diversity, with the detection of 20 putative cryptic species and 5
species flagged for re-identification. In order to explore global
genetic patterns across the basin, genetic divergence landscapes were
computed for 128 species, showing a global trend of high genetic
divergence between the Surinamese south-west (Tapanahony and Paloemeu),
the Guianese south-east (Marouini, Litany, Tampok, Lawa…), and
the river mouth in the north. This could be explained either by lower
levels of connectivity between these three main parts or by the exchange
of individuals with the surrounding basins. A new method of ordination
of genetic landscapes successfully assigned species into cluster groups
based on their respective pattern of genetic divergence across the
Maroni Basin: genetically homogenous species across the basin were
effectively discriminated from species showing high spatial genetic
fragmentation and possible lower capacity for dispersal.
Mitral Valve Repair with Artificial Chords: Tips & Tricks
Authors: Mauro Michele Di , Bonalumi Giorgia , Giambuzzi Ilaria , Messi Pietro , Cargoni Marco , Paparella Domenico , Lorusso Roberto , Calafiore Antonio
Published: July 2022

Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) is a common valvular disorder occurring
in up to 10% of the general population. Mitral valve reconstructive
strategies may address any of the components, annulus, leaflets and
chords, involved in the valvular competence. The classical repair
technique involves the resection of the prolapsing tissue. Chordal
replacement was introduced already in the ’60, but in the mid ’80, some
surgeons started to use expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)
Gore-Tex sutures. In the last years, artificial chords have been
exploited because of transcatheter techniques such as NeoChord DS 1000
(Neochord, USA) and Harpoon TSD-5. The first step is to achieve a good
exposure of the papillary muscles that before approaching the implant of
the artificial chords. Then, the chords are attached to the papillary
muscle, with or without the use of supportive pledgets. The techniques
to correctly implant artificial chords are many and might vary
considerably from one center to another, but they can be summarized into
three big families of suturing techniques: single, running or loop.
Regardless of how to anchor to the mitral leaflet, the real challenge
that many surgeons have taken on, giving rise to some very creative
solutions, has been to establish an adequate length of the chords. It
can be established basing on anatomically healthy chords, but it is
important to bear in mind that surgeons work on the mitral valve when
the heart is arrested in diastole, so this length could fail to
replicate the required length in the full, beating heart. Hence, some
surgeons suggested techniques to overcome this problem. Herein, we aimed
to describe the current use of artificial chords in real world surgery,
summarizing all the tips and tricks.
Solutions of the nonlinear integral equation Using the fixed point technique in modified intuitionistic fuzzy soft metric space
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Gondhi Aanchal , Tripathi A.
Published: July 2022

This paper introduces coupled fixed points of maps in MIFSMS. The notion
of compatible maps and weakly compatible maps is also defined. Common
coupled fixed point theorem for weakly compatible maps have been proved
in the setting of MIFSMS. Moreover, some corollaries and an example is
given to validate our new result. Also, to show the usability of our
findings, we have applied our new result to get the solution of
nonlinear Fredholm integral equation.
A new association of PAX6 variation with Juvenile onset open angle glaucoma
Authors: Gupta Viney , I Bindu Somarajan , Gupta Shikha , Mahalingam Karthikeyan , Singh Abhishek , Sharma Arundhati
Published: July 2022

Mutations in the PAX6 gene are generally associated with
aniridia. We describe a family with Juvenile onset open angle glaucoma
(JOAG), where two siblings were detected to have a pathogenic variant in
the PAX6 gene in the absence of aniridia. Whole exome sequencing
was performed for the family where the proband and her sibling were
detected to have JOAG and Juvenile ocular hypertension respectively.
None of the other family members had any ocular disease. All previously
described gene mutations for glaucoma were looked for in the family. The
potential pathogenicity of the identified variants was assessed by
determining their frequency in large public exome databases; as well as
using the current ACMG guidelines. Except, for PAX6 gene no
pathogenic variants were found in any of the known genes for glaucoma. A
de novo heterozygous variant at NM_001368894.2: c.1166C>A;
p. Pro375Gln in the PAX6 gene was detected in the proband and her
affected brother. The variant has been described in aniridia patients
before and is known to be likely pathogenic by ACMG guidelines. This
report expands the phenotypic spectrum of the PAX6 gene to
include Juvenile onset open angle glaucoma.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Hassan Jabbar S.
Published: July 2022

Conflict of interest (COI) in peer review journals is a serious issue that earn more attention than it currently receives. COI can influence reviewers' or editors' decisions in favor of or against a project. There is no universal description of COI in the medical and scientific world; it is generally defined as a set of situations, in which a major professional interest is overly influenced by a secondary one(s) authors, editors, and reviewers may all be subject to COI. The majority of COI discussion in scientific papers has centered on the impact that authors' financial and nonfinancial (i.e., personal or professional) circumstances have the impact that personal (or professional) interests can have on research integrity. Keywords: Conflict of interest, authors, editors, reviewers, budget Citation: Hassan JS. Conflict of interest. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 1-2. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.1
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS TO FIRST LINE DRUG IN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS: A REVIEW
Authors:   Dept. of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Hassan Jabbar S. , Al-Tamimi Bushra J. ,   Dept. of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Iraq, Abdulrahman Thanaa R. ,   Dept. of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Jamal Qudas W. ,   Dept. of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2022

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, identified as resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, these two drugs form the backbone of the first line drug which is used for tuberculosis (TB) treatment, unresponsive has hampered TB control. As a result of the nearly universal calculation of with half a million new cases of MDR/first line drug TB per year, it is important to keep the database up to date awareness of the processes that contribute to the emergence of MDR Mtb. This resistance is produced for a variety of reasons, including genetic, microbiological factors, non-adherence to treatment by patients and/or failures in therapy administration by some referrer medical centre for TB. This review offers a detailed summary of genetic mechanisms that lead to resistant to first line drug therapy used in management of TB as well as up-to-date information on some new aspects lead to such problem. Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, first line drug, anti-TB treatment, World Health Organization, isoniazid and rifampin Citation: Hassan JS, Al-Tamimi BJ, Abdulrahman TR, Jamal QW. Resistance mechanisms to first line drug in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A review. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 35-43. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.5
NEONATAL OUTCOMES IN GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors:   Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, Rashed Ghader M. , Al-Omrani Areej A. ,   Dept. of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Mohmmed Zahoor A. ,   Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Bahadle AbdulKarem J. ,   Dept. of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2022

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common and serious maternal complication, in which hyperglycemia develops at any time during pregnancy due to progressive insulin resistance. It affects about 14% of pregnancies worldwide. There are many adverse effects of GDM that compromise the fetus and neonate. Objective: To compare neonatal outcomes according to type of treatment for GDM. Methods: A prospective study conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; NICU) and Obstetric in Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City in Baghdad during a period from 1st of march 2019 to 1st of January 2020. The study included 100 neonates delivered by mothers with GDM, divided in to four groups according to their mothers' therapy; (diet group: 18 neonates, metformin group: 36, insulin group: 26, mixed group: 20). Results: Neonates in metformin group had a higher chance of having normal birth weight comparing with others, but neonates in insulin group have higher percent of prematurity, macrosomia, large for gestational age or small for gestational age, hypoglycemia and jaundice among others. No significant statistical difference between metformin and insulin, in mode of delivery, Apgar score, respiratory distress syndrome, hypocalcaemia, anomalies, and NICU admission but can occur more in insulin group. Conclusion: Metformin was able to reduce the risk of neonatal complications, therefore, it can be a good alternative for insulin in the treatment of GDM. Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, macrosomia, metformin, insulin Citation: Rashed GM, Al-Omrani AA, Mohmmed ZA, Al-Bahadle AJ. Neonatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 59-67. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.8
Real-world Data Reveal Long Drug Survival for Guselkumab in Patients with Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Van Muijen Marloes E. , Thomas Sarah E. , Vellinga Douwe , Bouwman Silke , Van Doorn Martijn B.A. , Politiek Klaziena , Otero Marisol E. , Van den Reek Juul M.P.A. , De Jong Elke M.G.J.
Published: July 2022

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
Identifikasi Perbedaan Ekspresi hsa-miR-331-3p di Plasma Darah Kelompok Usia Tua dan Muda: Peran dalam Mekanisme Penuaan
Authors: Ekowati Ana Lucia , Soeselo Daniel Ardian , William William , Nathania Ignes
Published: July 2022

Jumlah populasi lanjut usia (lansia) di Indonesia terus meningkat dan menyebabkan kerentanan terhadap kondisi terkait penuaan. MicroRNA (miRNA) telah diketahui mengatur berbagai proses biologi di manusiatermasuk penuaan dan mungkin patogenesis penyakit terkait usia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasidan menganalisis secara in silico hsa-miR-331-3p di plasma darah yang diduga berperan dalam penuaan danmungkin penyakit terkait usia tertentu. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan metode potong-lintang dan analitikmenggunakan pendekatan bioinformatika. Penelitian dilakukan pada Januari 2016 sampai Desember 2018 diLaboratorium Biomedis FK Unika Atma Jaya dan Laboratorium mirXES di Singapura. Plasma darah berasaldari dua pasang kakek-cucu laki-laki dengan usia kakek = 65 tahun dan usia cucu 17-25 tahun. Setelah RNAplasma darah diekstraksi dan dilakukan profiling menggunakan metode RT-qPCR, diperoleh daftar 50 miRNAyang diekspresikan secara berbeda bermakna dalam dua kelompok umur (tua dan muda) dengan nilai FoldChange (FC) antara 1,4 – 10,7. Berdasarkan daftar tersebut, dipilih hsa-miR-331-3p, kemudian dilakukan analisisin silico untuk memprediksi gen target dan jalur persinyalan biologisnya. Hasil studi ini adalah hsa-miR-331-3pyang upregulated pada orang tua diduga mentarget kuat gen ERBB2 dan NRP2 yang mungkin berperan dalammekanisme penuaan kronologis. Masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui apakah hsa-miR-3313pturut berperan dalam mekanisme penuaan maupun patogenesis penyakit kanker.
APPLICATION OF SYSTEM-STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS METHOD FOR ASSESSMENT OF STYLE LAYERS OF OBJECTS IN HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Ivashko Yulia
Published: July 2022

One of the main problems of monument protection and restoration is to determine the value of the object of protection, including its stylistic purity. The method of system-structural analysis helps to investigate and substantiate the manifestations of the main features of style at different levels - urban level, object level and level of a single element, and thus argue whether a building is an example of a particular style. The application of the method of system-structural analysis is shown on the example of objects of Ukraine in the Art Nouveau style. It was determined in the thesis the group of factors and conditions, which predominated the beginning and spreading of a cultural phenomena of Art-Nouveau style architecture in Ukraine. The investigation of street-line architecture in the Ukrainian cities with historical Art-Nouveau style buildings concentration allowed to ground the influence of Art-Nouveau style on the formation of squares and habitats architectural ensembles, individual buildings and their facades details. At the base of methodology of the systematic-structural analyze there were investigated for the first time the semantic properties of the architectural forms of Art-Nouveau style buildings in Ukraine. Also there were investigated the regional peculiarities of the typical composition methods of dwelling, public and industrial buildings creation in concentrating the attention on their facades that in this case mostly express the main characteristic of Art-Nouveau style. In the base of comparatively study of the Ukrainian Art-Nouveau style architecture with West-European and Russian examples there were determined the borders of two main architectural Art-Nouveau streams in Ukraine. Within these two main streams it can be found several basic and local centers of Art-Nouveau style in Ukraine that poses their individual features and specific of formation.
“Rare Upsurge of Patriotic Feeling Was Felt Everywhere”: Romanov Celebrations in Baku and Elisabethpol Governorates in 1913
Authors: Anastasia Ryzhova
Published: July 2022

On the basis of new archival materials and periodicals the article examines the organization and process of celebrating the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty in 1913 in Baku and Elisabethpol governorates. As the celebrations were nationwide, the local administration prepared for it with special care, not ignoring the distinctive character of the population in the area. According to the governors, county chiefs and town mayors, the residents participated in the celebrations with sincere interest. They believed that the said participation signified their gratitude to the Romanovs for their work in the Caucasia. The celebrations were held without problems, despite the concern of the provincial police and international and interdenominational strife of various layers and groups of the population. At the same time, the celebrative traditions established in the imperial center were partially adjusted in accordance with local cultural specifics.
Dividing to Rule: Structural Complication as the Principle of Sustainability of Continental Empires
Authors: Alexey Panchenko
Published: July 2022

The phenomenon of continental empires currently attracts the attention of a lot of researchers. Their resilience to external challenges, which allowed them to survive for several centuries, is of special interest now. However, in the 19th century, along with the spread of the idea of nationalism, they faced the problem that eventually led to their collapse. Analyzing the domestic policy of the three empires, – the Ottoman, the Austrian Habsburgs and the Russian – Empire, we can identify the reasons for this stability. It lies in the creation and maintenance of diversity within the imperial boundaries, and the tendency to constantly complicate the administrative, social, and political structure. This made it possible to keep peoples who differed in language, religion, culture, political traditions, etc. in subordination, while including their elites in the all-imperial one. The transition from the policy of complication to homogenization, trying to respond to the challenges of nationalism, had the opposite effect as the result – the empires came closer to their collapse.
Modern Evaluation of the Imperial Experience of Russian Civilization: the Confrontation of Approaches and the Possibility of Their Integration
Authors: Igor Tyapin
Published: July 2022

The article provides a comparative conceptual analysis of the three approaches to the examination of the imperial experience of monarchical and Soviet Russia, conventionally referred to as liberal-globalist, statist and centrist-academic ones. It is recognized that the first two approaches remain firmly opposed in assessing the overall significance and prospects of Russia’s imperial experience, and that it is impossible for the third one to directly become the basis for forming a common stand. At the same time, there exist certain common views on a number of individual issues related to the determination and nature of the imperial model in Russia. Accordingly, the possibilities of organic integration of all the three approaches are seen in understanding the common aspects relying on the unity of objective truth, the ideal of justice and the interests of Russian society. The author comes to the conclusion that preserving the modernized imperial features in ideology has good potential for the formation of a full-fledged national consciousness in modern Russia.
KETERAMPILAN STUDI TENTANG PENERAPAN RAGAM HIAS FLORA MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK KOLASE DENGAN MEDIA KERTAS ORIGAMI
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Medan, Vithaloka Vriti Alya , Tarigan Nelson ,   Universitas Negeri Medan
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the process of applying ornamental flora using collage technique using origami paper media for students of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan and also to find out the results of applying decorative collage techniques using origami paper media for students at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan. This study applies a collage technique using origami paper materials, especially in decorative materials. The population of this study were all seventh grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan, totaling 170 students, and a sample of 30 students with collage decorative works determined by the cluster sampling technique (Area Sampling). The indicators for the assessment of the work are the ability to produce attractive colors, neatness and also the composition of the collage decorative works. Data collection techniques used literature study, observation, documentation and interviews. The data analysis technique used descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the quality of the results achieved by students in the good category with an average value of 74.99.