bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Trajectories of the Daily Routine of Josvainiai Town in Online Periodicals
Authors: Dambrauskaitė Ernesta
Published: April 2020

Based on the articles in online periodicals, the author aims to investigate and to find out if daily life can be examined in general through the method of analysis of online periodicals and if so, how these periodicals can be useful in carrying out field research.
Research into the daily routine is relevant in Lithuania because it can help in revealing the modern life style of the country’s population that consists of the common fields of a person as a social unit and also indicates the trends in these fields. Understanding the daily routine of modern Lithuanian population is valuable in that it promotes a better understanding of current ethnic culture and traditions, evaluation of their change at the turn of the centuries, and defining the changing social and communal relations. Modern Lithuanian cities seem to be obliged to seek progress and increase the level of globalization, while towns are turning into certain ethno-cultural centres where the traditional lifestyle or its relicts are maintained longer. Modern daily life of Lithuanian towns is revealed as more unique and less affected by external influences. Not only can attempts at gaining information on the daily routine of a town by analysis of online periodicals assist in checking its usefulness and reliability; it also enables finding out how the media interacts with individual and communal memory of a town, and the understanding of how publicistic discourse creates and at the same time reflects the daily routine of a certain residential area that is usually invisible and unknown.
Analysed in this paper are articles about Josvainiai, a small town in Kėdainiai district, and its daily routine from the period of 2016–2019 selected by specific keywords from www.rinkosaikste.lt, the news website of Kėdainiai district. The aim is to investigate if the daily routine as a research object can in general be knowable in such a platform.
The gathered and analysed information shows that certain fields of daily life, such as specific geographic features, community gathering places, relationships of certain persons or groups, and individual aspects of daily life can be relatively accessible in online periodicals, but they cannot substitute the reliable and in-depth data gathered during field research. Since the primary aim of journalistic articles is to inform and to enlighten, they are not intended for a thorough understanding of a particular phenomenon. However, they can be useful as secondary sources supplementing the data about the town and the daily life of its community gathered during field research.
Influence of planting distances on biological-commercial characteristics of mature cultivar ‘Auksis’ fruit trees on rootstock P60
Authors: Grygalis Vykintas , Uselis Nobertas
Published: April 2020

Investigations of the planting distance effect on the growth, productivity and fruit quality of dwarf apples in 14–15-yearold orchard were carried out at the Experimental Orchard of the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, in 2014–2015. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of planting distances on the growth, productivity and fruit quality of ‘Auksis’ apple trees on rootstock P60 in the mature 14–15 year old orchard. Fruit trees were spaced at the following distances: 3 × 1.5 m, 3 × 1.2 m, 3 × 1 m and 3 × 0.75 m. Based on the obtained results apple trees spaced at 3 × 1.25 m (2667 trees/ha) could be recommended for achieving high yields and good-quality fruits. If cultivated apple cultivars are not winter hardy or not resistant to bark diseases, apple trees on P60 rootstock could be planted at the distance 3 × 1 m or even more densely in order to achieve as high as possible yield in the young orchard.
Quality analysis of natural sweets
Authors: Kumpienė Agnė , Paulauskienė Aurelija , Tarasevičienė Živilė
Published: April 2020

The research was done at Aleksandras Stulginskis University (Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy since 2019) in 2017–2018. Plums (Prunus domestica ʻViktorijaʼ), date paste (Phoenix dactylifera), strawberries squeeze powder and lyophilized strawberries powder (Fragaria × ananassa ʻHoneoyeʼ), raspberries (Rubus idaeus) and blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum) squeeze powder, ground almonds (Prunus dulcis) and cashews (Anacardium occidentale), as well as sea buckthorn (Hippophae) juice were used to produce 14 kinds of natural sweets. The amount of dry matter, dietary fibre, protein and minerals in sweets was determined, and the sensory analysis of sweets was performed. The results were analysed using the factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the sensory analysis were processed by the FIZZ (French) software. The results showed that the amount of dry mater, protein and crude ash was higher in sweets made with date paste. Nuts supplement increased the protein content of all kinds of sweets. In sweets with plums the average dietary fibre content was 2-fold higher. The dietary fibre content of all kinds of sweets was increased by berry cake powder. The sensory analysis showed that sweets made with date paste were tastier.
Effect of sowing and fertilization rates on the weeds suppression in crop of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Maumevičius Ernestas , Burbulis Natalija , Jankauskienė Zofija , Blinstrubienė Aušra , Laiko Irina
Published: April 2020

The research was carried out at the Upytė Experimental Station of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2015–2016. The effect of sowing rate (50, 75, 100 kg ha–1) and fertilization rate (N0P0K0; N45P45K45; N45P45K45 + N34.4; N45P45K45 + N68.8) on the weeds suppression in the crop of hemp cultivars ‘Uso 31’ and ‘Felina 32’ was evaluated. It was found that in the crop of both investigated cultivars the least amount of declined weeds was when growing hemps without fertilizers. A positive, strong, moderately strong and statistically significant correlation (P < 0.05) was identified between the fertilization rate and the amount of declined weeds. Increasing the sowing rate of the investigated hemp cultivars resulted in an increase of the amount of weeds declined during vegetation. A positive, strong, moderately strong and statistically significant correlation (P < 0.05) was obtained between the sowing rate and the amount of declined weeds during vegetation, except cultivar ‘Uso 31’ under meteorological conditions favourable for hemp growing.
Evaluation of fermented tea (kombucha) quality
Authors: Šliažaitė Vanesa , Paulauskienė Aurelija , Krasauskas Aurimas
Published: April 2020

The research was done at Aleksandras Stulginskis University (Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy since 2019) in 2017–2018. The research object was kombucha beverage brewed from Camellia sinensis L. black, green, oolong, pu-erh tea and fermented for 9 and 22 days by microorganisms at different room lighting conditions. The soluble solids content, active acidity and titratable acidity were determined in teas fermented for 22 days. The total amount of phenolics compounds, antioxidant activity, yeast colonies and sensory evaluation of tea were determined in teas fermented for 9 days. The research results showed that the quality of fermented tea was dependent on the tea species, but fermentation conditions were not essential. During the fermentation the soluble solids content of tea decreased by an average of 0.60% and the content of acetic acid increased by 0.34%. The highest content of acetic acid was found on the 22nd day of fermentation in all species of teas. The active acidity (pH) of all investigated species of teas decreased significantly during the fermentation process. The total content of phenolic compunds in all species of teas during the fermentation increased from 20 to 57% regardless of fermentation conditions. The highest content of total phenolic compounds was established in teas fermented for 9 days. The antioxidant activity of teas fermented for 9 days varied depending on the fermentation conditions. For black and green teas fermented in the light the antioxidant activity decreased, for oolong and pu-erh teas fermented in the dark the antioxidant activity increased. The number of yeast colonies increased in all tea samples during the fermentation. The best taste was fixed for pu-erh tea, which scored the highest (11.4) in sensory evaluation.
Evaluation of damage, made by wild animals to agricultural fields, using different methods
Authors: Špinkytė-Bačkaitienė Renata , Bukevičius Povilas , Šimkevičius Kastytis , Kibiša Artūras , Brazaitis Gediminas , Stankevičiūtė Jolanta
Published: April 2020

The paper presents experimental studies of different techniques (measurements directly in the sample plots and remote measurements, such as high-resolution satellite images or images made by a quadcopter drone) for estimation of damage, made by wild ungulates in agricultural fields. The practical experience gained during the research was analysed. It has been found that for the assessment of the damage caused by wild ungulates, the most suitable layout of sample plots is systematic, covering the whole area evenly. When the sample plots covered 0.2% of the total surveyed area, the error of the estimated wildlife damage was in a range of ±3.8%; when the sample plots covered 0.3% of the total surveyed area, the error of the estimated wildlife damage was in a range of ±2.1%. The measurements of 10 sample plots in loco took 33–40 min, with a team of three assessors. Evaluation works done with a quadcopter drone are faster (10 ha field shot in 20 min and analysis of data in 40 min) and require only one specialist to operate the drone. It was proved that high-resolution satellite images, done in Sentinel missions, are not suitable for estimation of damage, made by wild ungulates in agricultural fields.
Conceição Evaristo: da mulher negra à escritora
Authors: Silva Elen Karla Sousa da , Cardoso Sebastião Marques
Published: April 2020

Imersa na vivência dos negros, a literatura afro-brasileira descreve peregrinações, desencantos, sonhos, deslocamentos, trânsitos, encruzilhadas, errâncias e exílios; denuncia a exclusão do afrodescendente; evidencia a relação subalterna do negro em relação ao branco; e expõe tradições africanas emudecidas em nossa cultura. Nesse contexto, acreditamos que a literatura afro-brasileira não é uma concepção desenvolvida isolada do contexto da literatura denominada canônica, contudo requer outra problematização e necessita ser compreendida como um sistema heterogêneo, de movimentos de rupturas, ressignificações e afirmações. Desse modo, os escritores afrodescendentes intencionam, em suas produções, retomar temáticas relacionadas às suas ascendências e vivências, marcadas pela amargura de um ambiente que aparenta não lhes pertencer. Conceição Evaristo, através de Ponciá, consegue dar fala aos derrotados, que descobrem na literatura uma das escassas aberturas para a construção de uma nova realidade. Por fim, a autora é representante de uma escrita que não se limitada a lamentos, mas traz aflições, perturbações sobre questões referentes à identidade negra, escravidão, racismo, pertencimento étnico-racial autoral e ficcional, afetos, ancestralidade, errância, diáspora, corpo negro, religiosidade, branquitude, negritude e memória, uma literatura empenhada com as origens e os valores culturais afro-brasileiros e/ou africanos.

 

 

 
Ser ou não ser japonês? Um processo identitário em construção
Authors: Capuano de Oliveira Adriana , Yura Danielle
Published: April 2020

Este artigo analisa os processos identitários vivenciados pelos imigrantes japoneses no Brasil no século XX, ressaltando o período de privações e discriminações enfrentadas por eles durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. A marginalização dos japoneses acarretou a união desses imigrantes em torno de associações de caráter ultranacionalistas, como a Shindo Renmei. Essa conjuntura fortaleceu ainda mais o sentimento de ser um japonês que vive no Brasil, mas é um súdito fiel e leal às autoridades japonesas. Décadas mais tarde, quem perderia a guerra – dessa vez econômica – seria o Brasil, e os descendentes de japoneses viviam o fluxo inverso de seus pais e avós. Contudo, enquanto no Brasil são tratados como “japoneses”, no Japão vivem a estranha experiência de serem brasileiros com “cara de japonês”. O artigo está alicerçado em pesquisas teórico-empíricas das autoras que trazem à tona questões relevantes, como o impacto das restrições, censura na formação de identidades e o dinamismo do sentimento de pertencimento, que molda-se de acordo com o contexto histórico que o representa.

 

 
Negra ou pobre? Migrante ou despejada? Carolina de Jesus e o enigma das classificações (1937-1977)
Authors: Barone Ana Cláudia Castilho
Published: April 2020

A desigualdade urbana em São Paulo tem sido majoritariamente debatida como decorrência de diferenças econômicas na disputa pelo espaço. A obra de Carolina Maria de Jesus, no entanto, oferece indícios de que, além da pobreza, deve-se acrescentar o componente racial como fator operador dessa desigualdade. A trajetória descrita pela escritora é recuperada neste artigo como instrumento de legibilidade para o problema racial implicado nas ações de remoção de favelas nessa cidade. Os escritos de Carolina de Jesus oferecem um registro singular do período, do ponto de vista de alguém que vivenciou por dentro as políticas de desfavelamento em São Paulo. Confrontam-se os múltiplos significados do léxico empregado em sua obra com as práticas do poder público para as políticas habitacionais do período, permitindo entrever a distância entre as justificativas dadas para essas operações e as efetivas circunstâncias que as condicionaram.

 

 
Os negócios globais de uma companhia colonial: a Companhia Geral de Pernambuco e Paraíba e os negócios da China (1759-1783)
Authors: Dias Thiago Alves
Published: April 2020

A Companhia Geral de Pernambuco e Paraíba, sociedade mercantil formada com capital acionista e com intervenção diretiva e financeira da Coroa portuguesa, foi fundada em 1759 por negociantes portugueses com apoio do Marquês de Pombal e operou entre 1760 e 1780, em regime de monopólio comercial no Norte do Estado do Brasil, ou seja, nos territórios de Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande e Ceará. Com negócios em escala global de produtos americanos como o açúcar, pau-brasil e couros, essa companhia operou importantes mudanças no cenário mercantil colonial, notadamente na região em que deteve o monopólio comercial durante seus vinte anos de funcionamento, como preceituava seus estatutos. Depois de 1780, mesmo com a perda do monopólio, a Companhia não deixou de existir, tendo atuado na cobrança de dívidas dos negociantes na colônia, assim como na realização de negócios, com capitais próprios, como foi o caso de sua primeira viagem mercantil para a China. Este artigo visa analisar, a partir de uma perspectiva institucionalista, aspectos formais da formação e do funcionamento dessa companhia até o momento de realização de sua empreitada mercantil privativa na China, contribuindo para o debate sobre o papel do endividamento, do adiantamento da mão de obra escrava enquanto crédito e da rentabilidade dos negócios coloniais no aperfeiçoamento e giro do capital dos negócios mercantis europeus.

 
Estratégias e influências das comunidades de muçulmanos e baneanes em Moçambique: um estudo através da legislação sobre a posse de escravos (1727-1752)
Authors: Farrer Guilherme
Published: April 2020

Este artigo analisa as estratégias e a dinâmica de influência entre as comunidades de muçulmanos e baneanes em Moçambique através do estudo da legislação sobre a posse de escravos entre 1727 e 1752. Mostram-se indícios dos motivadores Índicos para a elaboração desta legislação e para sua revisão e questionamento – sobretudo um temor pela influência omanita em Moçambique –, concluindo-se pela compatibilidade da importância dos comerciantes muçulmanos e baneanes em suas reivindicações, a dependência econômica do papel destes pela esfera portuguesa, e a pouca eficácia na aplicação destas leis mesmo em locais onde a presença administrativa lusitana seria marcante, como era o caso da Ilha de Moçambique.

 
A formação, resistência e identidade da comunidade quilombola dos Candendês
Authors: Melo Renato Silva
Published: April 2020

Este artigo falará sobre os quilombolas dos Candendês, comunidade situada na localidade do Ponto Chique do Martelo, distrito de Barbacena, Minas Gerais. Busca-se reconstituir aspectos da história silenciada dos Candendês, pois os silêncios dos vencidos são reveladores dos mecanismos de manipulação da memória. Na formação de quilombos estava a luta contra a intransigência de senhores que desrespeitavam os ganhos que os escravos começaram a considerar como direitos. Por conseguinte, a região de Barbacena se caracterizou pela presença de pequenos plantéis de escravos adquiridos no tráfico interprovincial. Mostra-se que o território dos Candendês teve o reconhecimento pelo Estado ao delimitar as áreas de fronteiras em 1911. E, amparando-se na documentação e nas leis, pode-se afirmar que os Candendês são os legítimos herdeiros daquelas terras da região mineira.

 

 
A cara da escravidão e a cara da liberdade: honra e infâmia (Corte do Brasil, 1809-1833)
Authors: Ferreira Roberto Guedes , Boscaro Ana Paula
Published: April 2020

Referente ao Sul-Sudeste escravista do Brasil nas três primeiras décadas do século XIX, o artigo aborda assunto pouco conhecido pela historiografia: literalmente, a cara da escravidão e a cara da liberdade. A construção da face nesta sociedade escravista estava relacionada à infâmia da escravidão e à honra da liberdade, o que levou a diferentes percepções/classificações dos rostos por agentes da Polícia da Corte do Brasil. Protagonistas de suas aparências, homens livres, forros e escravos, de diferentes naturalidades, tiveram seus “retratos falados” descritos conforme suas condições jurídicas, origens e faixas etárias. Eram homens em trânsito que saíam do Rio de Janeiro para vários destinos. A barba era um atributo crucial para atestar honra-liberdade, e sua ausência ou pouco volume caracterizavam faces escravas. Para aferir a hipótese, utilizamos despachos de escravos e passaportes de viajantes emitidos pela Polícia da Corte entre os anos de 1809 a 1833, cruzados a gravuras de viajantes e dicionários de época.

 
Raça e cidadania no pós-abolição maranhense (1888-1889)
Authors: Gato Matheus
Published: April 2020

A emancipação dos últimos escravos afro-brasileiros foi sancionada numa só penada, mas chegou de diversas maneiras ao norte e ao sul país, conforme o desenvolvimento da economia e sua função no sistema agroexportador, a preponderância ou não da população negra e mestiça nas províncias, cidades, comarcas e povoados, a importância do trabalhador livre nas diferentes agriculturas escravistas, a presença do incentivo estatal ou privado em favor da imigração estrangeira europeia ou asiática, o atraso ou modernização do sistema produtivo da grande lavoura, a força política do latifúndio no pós-abolição, e a relevância dos estados e regiões na condução da política brasileira. O presente artigo visa caracterizar o imediato pós-abolição maranhense tendo em vista a luta social em torno da liberdade, a legitimação de estratégias de domínio senhorial e a categorização racial enquanto critério de subordinação de grupos. Utilizo para esse fim dados primários coligidos nos jornais maranhenses e outros documentos de época correlacionando-os às descobertas da antropologia social do campesinato e da historiografia da escravidão para caracterizar a construção da cidadania negra na periferia do norte agrário brasileiro.
Ira Berlin (New York, 1941 – Washington DC, 2018)
Authors: Grinberg Keila
Published: April 2020

.
Duas abordagens sobre o escravismo e o comércio de escravos em Angola
Authors: Acioli Gustavo
Published: April 2020

.
Uma visão enviesada da organização do tráfico na Costa dos Escravos da África Ocidental
Authors: Silva Jr. Carlos Da
Published: April 2020

.
As origens dos Mardi Gras Indians de Nova Orleans em contexto atlântico
Authors: Brasil Eric
Published: April 2020

.
Escravos vão à justiça na Bahia setecentista
Authors: Hora Raiza Cristina Canuta da
Published: April 2020

.
A escrita como mortalha numa Ruanda de “Mães-Coragem”
Authors: Silva Fabiana Carneiro da
Published: April 2020

.
Racismo, racismos: ainda há muito que dizer
Authors: Neto José Maia Bezerra
Published: April 2020

.
Management of central nervous system relapse in a young patient affected by primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma: A case report
Authors: Marangon Miriam , Casadei Beatrice , Broccoli Alessandro , Argnani Lisa , Cavo Michele , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: April 2020

In primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma, central nervous system (CNS) relapse is an uncommon event with a dismal prognosis. We report about the successful management of CNS relapse with chemoimmunotherapy according to MATRix (methotrexate, cytarabine, thiotepa, and rituximab) protocol followed by autologous stem cell transplant.
Solid Solubilities of Sulfonamides and Use of Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions for Microparticle Production
Authors: Yang Tsung-Mao , Li Jin-Shuh , Yeh Tsao-Fa , Su Chie-Shaan
Published: April 2020

The solubility of solid active pharmaceutical ingredients in supercritical fluids is a major thermodynamic criterion for selection and screening of microparticle generation processes. To develop an efficient method for solubility prediction, a solution model was adopted to establish the correlations of the solid solubilities of six sulfonamides in supercritical CO2. The model was capable of determining solubility correlations. Accordingly, it was attempted to simplify and generalize the model, yielding a predictive solution model, which provided order‐consistent solubility predictions. A case study for model extrapolation was conducted. After understanding the mechanisms underlying the solubility of sulfonamides, the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) process was applied to produce microparticles of p‐toluenesulfonamide, an anticancer drug. The effects of RESS process parameters were investigated.
Geometric inverse problem for the nonstationary Stokes equations using topological sensitivity analysis
Authors: Malek Rakia , Abdelwahed Mohamed , Chorfi Nejmeddine , Hassine Maatoug
Published: April 2020

We study in this paper a geometric inverse problem in fluid mechanics. The goal is to determine the location of an object in the fluid domain from boundary information. We consider the case of a nonstationary two‐dimensional Stokes flow. Our approach is based on the Kohn–Vogelius concept and the topological gradient method. We develop a new topological asymptotic expansion, which can be used as a basic step for developing accurate detection algorithms.
Dose escalation in the definite target volume
Authors: Watkins W. Tyler , Nourzadeh Hamidreza , Siebers Jeffrey V.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To introduce the definite target volume (DTV) and evaluate dosimetric consequences of boosting dose to this region of high clinical target volume (CTV)‐ and low organs at risk (OAR)‐probability.

Methods

This work defines the DTV via occupancy probability and via contraction of the CTV by margin M less any planning risk volume (PRV) volumes. The equivalence to within varying occupancy probability of the two methods is established for spherical target volumes. We estimate a margin for four radiation treatment sites based on modern images guided radiation therapy‐literature utilizing repeat volumetric imaging. Based on margins and patient‐specific DTV targets, the ability to dose escalate the DTV including the effects of spatial uncertainty was evaluated. We simulate delivery assuming violation of the underlying spatial uncertainty of 130%.

Results

Contracting the planning target volume (PTV) by M and excluding PRV volumes, the DTV ranged from 7.3 to 93.6 cc. In a brain treatment, DTV‐Dmax increased to 66.8 Gy (145% of prescription isodose); in advanced lung DTV‐Dmax increased to 122.2 Gy (204% of prescription isodose), in a pancreatic case DTV‐Dmax was boosted up to 87.3 Gy (173% or prescription isodose), and in retroperitoneal sarcoma to 74.6 Gy (249% of prescription isodose). The high point doses were not associated with increased dose to OARs, even when considering the effects of spatial uncertainty. Simulated delivery at 130% of assumed spatial uncertainties revealed DTV‐based planning can result in minor increases in OAR Dmean/Dmax of 2.7 ± 2.1 Gy/1.8 ± 2.2 Gy with duodenum Dmax > 110% of prescription isodose in the pancreatic case. These dose increases were consistent with simulation of clinical, homogenous PTV‐dose distributions.

Conclusion

We have proposed and tested a method to deliver extremely high doses to subvolumes of target volumes in multiple treatment sites by defining a new target volume, the DTV. Based on simulated delivery, the method does not result in significant increases in dose to OARs if spatial uncertainty can be estimated.
Electroencephalography in Predicting Short-Term Clinical Outcomes after Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Choi Yun Ho , Song In-Uk , Chung Sung-Woo , Kim Taewon
Published: April 2020

Background:

Early consciousness recovery after cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the most explicit and self-evident prognostic factors for clinical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of electroencephalography (EEG) phenotypes according to the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society’s Critical Care EEG classification for predicting early recovery after CA.

Methods:

Consecutive patients admitted to the ICU after CA were enrolled. We analyzed Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score within 10 days after CA and evaluated mortality within 28 days according to EEG pattern subtype.

Results:

Among the total of 71 patients, 9 had periodic discharges (PDs) EEG pattern, 4 had rhythmic delta activity (RDA), 8 had spike-and-wave (SW), 22 had low voltage, 5 had burst suppression, and 23 had other EEG patterns. Initial GCS scores, GCS scores 3 days after CA (or 3 days after targeted temperature management [TTM]), and 10 days after CA (or 10 days after TTM) were significantly different among EEG subtypes (p < 0.001, respectively) (Table 2). GCS scores were significantly higher in RDA and the other EEG group compared to the PDs, SW, low voltage, and burst suppression groups (p < 0.001). Significant group × time interactions were observed for the follow-up period between EEG phenotypes (p < 0.001) demonstrating the most increase in the other EEG pattern group.

Conclusions:

Consciousness states were significantly worse in the PDs, SW, burst suppression, and low-voltage groups compared to the RDA and the other EEG pattern within 10 days after CA. The degree of consciousness recovery differed significantly by EEG pattern subtype within 10 days.
The transcultural comics of Takoua Ben Mohamed: memory and translation a fumetti
Authors: Spadaro Barbara
Published: April 2020

Comics are an increasingly popular medium in the twenty-first century. Combining words and images, comics enable the expression of individual and collective histories that straddle languages and cultures, reflecting the multimodality of the cognitive and narrative processes in a multilingual, globalising world. This article proposes an original framework to understand the power of comics as a transcultural medium by exploring the production of Takoua Ben Mohamed, a graphic journalist and comics author born in Tunisia and raised in Rome. These comics visualise histories of migration and translation in Italy and the Mediterranean, questioning notions of homogeneity, authenticity and canonicity of Italian memory and culture. The article engages with the theoretical and methodological framework of the Transnationalizing Modern Languages (TML) research project, exploring the interconnected linguistic and cultural dimensions of memory and translation. The analysis identifies a series of processes termed mediation-translation in Ben Mohamed's comics, which illuminate the constitutive nature of memory and translation in contemporary processes of identification.
Modernising Violence and Social Change in the Spanish Sahara (1957–1975)
Authors: Bengochea Tirado Enrique , Correale Francesco
Published: April 2020

In Spain's last colony, Western Sahara, both efforts by the colonial power to stimulate development and the negative impacts of colonisation intensified between the end of the Ifni-Sahara War (1957–58) and the Spanish withdrawal in 1975. Spanish economical and geopolitical interests triggered an important industrial and urban development of the territory. Cities such as Laayoune, Villa Cisneros, Smara, and the Bou Craa phosphate deposits were to showcase Spanish modernising colonial policies.

However, the effects of war, the control of colonial frontiers, and severe droughts during the 1960s strongly affected Sahrawi society. In this context, the Spanish colonial state developed new forms of control over the Sahrawi population, which included the progressive (forced) settling of nomadic people around military posts and Spanish cities, bringing about the adoption of new economic paradigms. Not only did the Francoist government distribute subsidies, both money and goods; it furthermore implemented policies aimed at controlling the Sahrawi way of life, particularly in the areas of hygiene, education, and gender relations. The essay analyses these “carrot-and-stick” strategies at the intersection of colonial control and forced sedentarisation with regard to the implementation of a market-oriented economy in Western Sahara.
Akzeptanz von psychiatrischen und somatischen Patientenverfügungen: ein Vergleich unter psychiatrischen Patienten und Fachpersonen
Authors: Hotzy Florian , Cattapan Katja , Orosz Ariane , Dietrich Bianca , Steinegger Brigitt , Jaeger Matthias , Theodoridou Anastasia , Bridler René
Published: April 2020

Ziel der Studie Untersuchung der Haltung gegenüber somatischen und psychiatrischen Patientenverfügungen (PPV) in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz.

Methodik Fragebogenerhebung bei Psychiatriepatienten, Psychiatern, Psychologen, Pflegefachpersonen und Peers anhand von drei Fallbeispielen.

Ergebnisse Die Haltung gegenüber Patientenverfügungen war insgesamt positiv. Verglichen mit Professionellen (79–100 %) fand die somatische Patientenverfügung (Tumorerkrankung) bei signifikant weniger Patienten (46 %) volle Zustimmung. Bei den beiden PPV (Anorexie und Manie) fanden sich keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede, jedoch waren Patienten (58 % und 84 %) leicht zustimmender verglichen mit Professionellen (31–50 % und 62–70 %).

Schlussfolgerung Bei breiter Akzeptanz der PPV scheint die Entwicklung von Interventionen angebracht, um dieses Instrument im klinischen Alltag stärker zu integrieren und zu nutzen.
Credit and Punishment: Are Corporate Bankers Disciplined for Risk-Taking?
Authors: Gao Janet , Kleiner Kristoph , Pacelli Joseph
Published: April 2020

We examine whether bankers face disciplining consequences for structuring poorly performing corporate loans. We construct a novel data set containing the employment histories and loan portfolios of a large sample of corporate bankers and find that corporate credit events (i.e., downgrades, defaults, bankruptcies) increase banker turnover. The effect is pronounced when bankers issue loans with loose terms or experience severe losses. Credit events prompt bankers to adopt stricter future risk management practices, such as offering restrictive covenant packages. Overall, our findings are consistent with banks disciplining employees as a means to manage their own risk exposure.
Coevolution does not slow the rate of loss of heterozygosity in a stochastic host-parasite model with constant population size
Authors: MacPherson Ailene , Keeling Matthew J. , Otto Sarah P.
Published: April 2020

Coevolutionary negative frequency dependent selection has been hypothesized to maintain genetic variation in host and parasites. Despite the extensive literature pertaining to host-parasite coevolution, the effect of matching-alleles (MAM) coevolution on the maintenance of genetic variation has not been explicitly modelled in a finite population. The dynamics of the MAM in an infinite population, in fact, suggests that genetic variation in these coevolving populations behaves neutrally. We find that while this is largely true in finite populations two additional phenomena arise. The first of these effects is that of coevolutionary natural selection on stochastic perturbations in host and pathogen allele frequencies. While this may increase or decrease genetic variation, depending on the parameter conditions, the net effect is small relative to that of the second phenomena. Following fixation in the pathogen, the MAM becomes one of directional selection, which in turn rapidly erodes genetic variation in the host. Hence, rather than maintain it, we find that, on average, matching-alleles coevolution depletes genetic variation.
Prioritizing the forgotten generation: why organizations should make boomers a key part of their talent acquisition strategy in 2020
Authors: Squyres Debra
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Every day, nearly 10,000 employees in the Baby Boomer generation retire from the US job market. However, many in this generation are not ready for a quiet, traditional retirement and are choosing to remain in the workforce – simply on their own terms. With more employment opportunities open to candidates in the US job market than almost ever before, employers should prioritize engaging these seasoned hires in their recruitment strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

Beamery’s Vice President of Customer Success Debra Squyres reviewed the most important reasons employers should not disregard the “forgotten generation” of candidates in their hiring strategies, especially when considering the diverse skills and roles Baby Boomers can bring to an enterprising workforce.

Findings

Among other job-specific skills and experience, the greatest benefits of recruiting new hires from the Baby Boomer generation are the candidates’ years of experience and likely leadership roles, propensity for in-person relationship-building and unique perspective in an ever-diverse workforce.

Originality/value

Highlighting the greatest benefits of Baby Boomer hires to employers is especially beneficial for those organizational leaders managing talent acquisition and retention.
Dog overpopulation on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos 2018
Authors: Hernandez Jorge A. , Yoak Andrew J. , Walden Heather S. , Thompson Nina , Zuniga Daniela , Criollo Rita , Duque Viviana , Cruz Marilyn
Published: April 2020

In addition to El Niño events, which can alter the pelagic food chain that supports growth and survival of sea lions, dog overpopulation, and diseases can cause further population declines in sea lions on the Galapagos. Knowledge of baseline data and evaluation of existing strategies to control dog reproduction are required for effective management of dog overpopulation on the archipelago. The main objective of the study reported here was to estimate the human: dog ratio on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos in September 2018. In addition, dog demographic data were used to model the expected annual dog population growth in the next 3 years. The observed human: dog ratio was 756:187 (or 4.04:1) which extrapolates to 3,886 dogs; an increase of 55% in the dog population on Santa Cruz Island from 2014 to 2018. Study results show that current spay‐neuter efforts (about 180 dogs per year in the last 5 years; 57% females, 43% males) are not enough to keep the dog population stable (i.e., current baseline of 3,886 dogs in 2018). Our results justify a revision of current management action plan to control dog reproduction on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos.
Investigations on adaptive connectivity and shape prior based fuzzy graph‐cut colour image segmentation
Authors: Celestine Adonu , Peter J Dinesh
Published: April 2020

Image segmentation is a challenging problem in computer vision with wide application. It is a process which considers the similarity criterion required to separate an image into different homogenous connected regions. First, an Optimized Adaptive Connectivity and Shape Prior in Modified Graph Cut Segmentation method has been applied to handle the structural irregularities in images. Second, an Optimized Adaptive Connectivity and Shape Prior in Modified Fuzzy Graph Cut Segmentation (Opac‐MFGseg) is proposed to partition the images based on feature values. In this method, a fuzzy rule based system is used with optimization algorithm to provide the information on how much a specific feature is involved in image boundaries. The graph obtained from this fuzzy approach is further used in adaptive shape prior in modified graph cuts framework. Moreover, this method supports moving images (videos). In such a situation, a fully dynamic method called Optimized Adaptive Connectivity and Shape Prior in Dynamic Fuzzy Graph Cut Segmentation (Opac‐DFGseg) method is proposed for the image segmentation. The effectiveness of the Opac‐MFGseg and Opac‐DFGseg methods is tested in terms of average sensitivity, precision, area overlap measure, relative error, and accuracy and computation time.
Improved Parameter Resolution with Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation of Different Aquifer Tests
Authors: Perina Tomas
Published: April 2020

Hydraulic testing for aquifer characterization at contaminated sites often includes tests of short duration and of different types, such as slug tests and pumping tests, conducted at different phases of investigation. Tests conducted on a well cluster installed in a single aquifer can be combined in aggregate inverse analysis using an analytical model for groundwater flow near a test well. A genetic algorithm performs parallel search of the parameter space and provides starting parameter values for a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the parameter distribution. This sequence of inverse methods avoids guessing of the initial parameter vector and the often encountered difficult convergence of gradient‐based methods and estimates the parameter covariance matrix from a distribution rather than from a single point in the parameter space. Combination of different tests improves the resolution of the estimated aquifer properties and allows an assessment of the uniformity of the aquifer. Estimated parameter correlations and standard deviations are used as relative metrics to distinguish well resolved and poorly resolved parameters. The methodology is demonstrated on example field tests in unconfined and leaky aquifers.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of
Lentibacillus
sp. Strain JNUCC-1, Isolated from Fermented Anchovy Sauce (Myeolchi Aekjeot)
Authors: Byun Hoo-Dhon , Hyun Chang-Gu
Published: April 2020

Lentibacillus
sp. strain JNUCC-1 was isolated from Korean traditionally fermented anchovy sauce. The 16S rRNA sequence of JNUCC-1 showed 95.2% and 95.1% similarity to
Lentibacillus populi
WD4L-1
T
and
Virgibacillus siamensis
MS3-4
T
, respectively, indicating that it is a novel species. The whole-genome sequence, which contains 3,687,469 bp and 3,833 genes in 3 contigs, is reported.
THE USE OF GAME ELEMENTS IN THE STUDY OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY IN HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS
Authors: Savaryn T. V. , Prokop I. A.
Published: April 2020

The paper considers the possibility of using game elements in the study of medical terminology in Latin and English. Different types of games-exercises are illustrated in the examples. Such requirements for the exercises as novelty, culturological and professional orientation, and providing students in the process of doing exercises-games with necessary non-verbal basis are taken into account.

It is stressed that practical classes with the use of game technologies and elements of problem-based learning develop and improve students’ skills of independent work, ability of critical thinking and acting in creative and constructive way, of fulfilling tasks given by the teacher, as well as of making adequate individual and collective decisions, and of comprehending the outcomes. A game is supposed to contribute to consolidation of a particular subject, to give examples for illustrating theoretical material visually, and to model some training situations.

It is noted that interactive methods in teaching professional terminology are the most effective for perfecting students’ skills and abilities, since they perform the following tasks: 1) development of an interest for medicine on the whole and for the future professional activity particularly; 2) increase in the level of understanding and mastering English and Latin; 3) formation of professional competences a future doctor should possess; 4) development of self-dependence – ability to find methods and ways of solving tasks without assistance; 5) ability to hear an opinion of a crewmate, to be loyal and tolerant of someone else’s viewpoint.

It is emphasized that practical classes with the use of game elements contribute to future doctors’ training activation and effectiveness, alongside with realizing natural aspirations for communication, mutual assistance, and cooperation.
THE ROLE OF ADULT VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN LATVIA
Authors: Zenčaka Andra
Published: April 2020

The decisive factor for the country's economic development is competitive workforce resources, for the preparation of which vocational education, its quality, compliance with the trends of economic sectors and the demand of the labour market are essential. One of the global socio-economic problems of the 21st century in developed countries is an aging population, due to the influence of which the importance of adult vocational education becomes significant, as changes in the demographic structure mean that labour market needs are increasingly being met by “silver” human resources. Currently, the demand in the labour market for employees with higher education dominates, pointing to the qualitative development of the labour market and the importance of professional higher education in the aspect of population aging. The authors conclude that the existing vocational education system needs to be improved, fully integrating adult education into it, which would serve as one of the basic elements of the support system for the creation of a high-quality state business environment and stimulate the achievement of the national economic goals. The aim of the article is to analyse the vocational education system and types of its acquisition in Latvia as one of the factors supporting the creation of a high-quality business environment that ensures the quality of the available workforce. As a result of the research, the authors have demonstrated the relevance between the implementation of vocational higher education and the quality of business environment. Recommendations for the implementation of high-quality vocational higher education are provided in order to ensure the compliance of the existing workforce with the requirements of the national economy and labour market and to create a high-quality business environment.
PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES IN THE PROCESS OF TRAINING MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Kichula M. Ya.
Published: April 2020

Training of specialists in medical universities today is not perfect enough from modern cultural and value positions and does not give proper scientific justification to the practice of University education. The productive solution of problems of formation of culture of the future specialist of a medical profile, all-round development of its social qualities is possible on the basis of the analysis of educational and organizational work, generalization of conclusions of theoretical and concrete sociological researches at a joint of pedagogics of the higher medical school, the theory of the person and culture, pedagogical heritage. Culture as an educational value in the development and education of medical students should be manifested in the culture of being, thinking, leisure, in relationships, communication, in worldview culture, in aesthetic activity. Therefore, the article considers the main paradigms of modern medical and pedagogical education in the system of training medical students; the importance of the system-value approach in the process of training in the educational process of a higher medical school is determined. In addition, the article formulates the conceptual apparatus of the problem of training and education of medical students. The essence of such concepts as “education”, “culture”, “paradigms of education” is considered, their interrelation and interdependence are analysed. The authors substantiate the idea that the state and society need not only workers who are “knowledgeable”, but also socially active, who are able to make moral choices, who are able to adapt to various social roles.
Relação entre percepção subjetiva do esforço e marcadores salivares em atletas de atletismo
Authors: Melo Bruno Pereira , Cruz Ramon , Manoel Francisco De Assis , Oliveira Fernando Roberto de , Moraes Solange Marta Franzói de
Published: April 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a distribuição das Cargas de Treinamento (CT) pelo método da percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) da sessão e verificar a sua associação com as alterações de marcadores salivares (MS) em atletas de atletismo durante um camping de treinamento. Participaram do estudo, 44 atletas (17,5 ± 2,7 anos; 175,1 ± 9,0 cm; 63,9 ± 10,7 Kg) sendo, 11 velocistas, 11 fundistas, 11 saltadores e 11 arremessadores, avaliados durante oito sessões de treinamento (duração entre 120 e 150 minutos). Amostras de saliva foram colhidas antes e após o camping, avaliando as concentrações de cortisol, proteínas totais e osmolaridade. A PSE foi obtida trinta minutos após cada sessão, utilizando a escala CR10. A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. A comparação entre grupos foi realizada por ANOVA e a correlação entre PSE e MS foi obtida pela correlação de Pearson, adotando p < 0,05. A distribuição das CT apresentaram características ondulatórias e alta variabilidade. Houve aumento na osmolaridade salivar nos velocistas (55,0 ± 14,0 vs. 68,7 ± 22,6 mOsm/L; p=0,003) e saltadores (60,9 ± 17,9 vs. 77,8 ± 18,7 mOsm/L; p=0,001). Os fundistas apresentaram maiores níveis de cortisol (p = 0,007) comparado aos demais grupos. Não foram encontradas correlações entre a PSE da sessão e MS. Sendo assim, a combinação de avaliações perceptuais e fisiológicas deve ser priorizada para um melhor controle e monitoramento de atletas na modalidade de atletismo.
Meaningful learning and the teaching of concepts in Physical Education in school a case study with the Olympic Games
Authors: Quintilio Natália Kohatsu , Ferraz Osvaldo Luiz
Published: April 2020

The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of an instructional planning based on assumptions of the meaningful learning, from principles of Joseph D. Novak’s Educational Theory, using concept maps and other teaching resources in the learning of concepts in physical education classes. Students made a pre-and post-intervention concept map. The analysis of the results showed that there were improvements in the concept maps’ quality and in the understanding of concepts related to the Olympic Games, organized under the Educational Theory principles of Novak and that new teaching and learning tools should be part of physical education classes.
Interactive Evolution of a Bicontinuous Structure
Authors: Stenger Florian , Voigt Axel
Published: April 2020

The authors describe an installation that was shown at the exhibition The Best of All Possible Worlds at Technische Sammlungen Dresden in 2016. The installation provided an interactive experience of the evolution of a complex bicontinuous structure of two immiscible fluids. The evolution is driven by the surface tension of the interface of the two fluids, which results in a continuous reduction of the interface area. The process is mathematically described by a partial differential equation, which is numerically solved. In each time step, the structure, visualized by the fluid-fluid interface, is rendered and shown on an elastic display. According to the deformation of the display, the corresponding time frame is projected. By pushing against the elastic display, one therefore can interact with the structure and evolve it in time in a playful and intuitive manner.