bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA SE ESQUECEU DO ALUNO E DA APRENDIZAGEM, ALERTA PROFESSORA MARIA CÂNDIDA MORAES
Authors: Golembiewski Carlos
Published: June 2020

A professora Maria Cândida Moraes estuda há mais de 20 anos a educação brasileira e mundial. Trabalhou nos programas de Pós-graduação em Educação nas universidades Católica de Brasília e PUC de São Paulo. Foi professora visitante na OEA em Washington, nos Estados Unidos e Universidade de Barcelona, na Espanha. Em 2019, recebeu o prêmio Ricardo Marin, da Associação de Criatividade da Espanha, por suas contribuições nesta área. Nesse mesmo ano, a professora Maria Cândida participou do II Congresso Internacional de Políticas Públicas, promovido pelo Mestrado em Gestão de PolíticasPúblicas da Univali. Após a sua conferência, concedeu uma entrevista ao jornalista e professor da Univali, Carlos Golembiewski. Ela está preocupada com a qualidade da educação brasileira e com o que está por vir.
Transporte de íons de vinhaça em solos estruturados
Authors: Soto Miguel A. Alfaro , Silva Natália C. , Silva Hernan R. , Modesto Rosângela P. , Chang Hung Kiang
Published: June 2020

Transporte de íons de vinhaça utilizada na fertirrigação tem sido simulado por modelos que levam em consideração a distribuição unimodal do tamanho dos poros. No entanto, solos lateríticos ou estruturados podem apresentar distribuições de tamanho de poros com propriedades geométricas, físicas e hidráulicas diferenciadas. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho apresenta a modelagem numérica do transporte de íons de vinhaça genéricos, a partir da superfície ou fonte de contaminação até ser incorporado à água subterrânea, levando em consideração distribuições uni e bimodal de tamanho de poros. Os resultados da simulação mostram que os íons de vinhaça podem atingir as águas subterrâneas três vezes mais rápido quando considerados os modelos bimodais e que o uso de modelos unimodais em solos lateríticos pode tanto subestimar quanto superestimar as concentrações finais, especialmente em solos em que a descontinuidade da distribuição do tamanho dos poros ocorre para baixos valores de sucção.
Trabalhadores de saúde como protagonistas de um processo de construção do perfil de competências
Authors: Zachi Mara Lúcia Renostro , Ribeiro Elaine Rossi , Da Silva Maria Lucia , Vaz Rogério Saad
Published: June 2020

As crescentes mudanças gerenciais e tecnológicas, ocorridas na área da saúde, bem como as mudanças demográficas e o perfil epidemiológico, exigem dos profissionais que coordenam as Unidades de Saúde um perfil de competências mais flexível e adaptativo. O estudo teve como objetivo construir o perfil de competências dos coordenadores de Unidades de Saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, da qual participaram os profissionais da Secretaria de Saúde de um município do Paraná, sendo um total de vinte participantes. A coleta de dados ocorreu com a técnica de grupos focais, com a participação de cinco pessoas em cada um dos quatro grupos. Os dados foram analisados segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática. Foram identificados os núcleos temáticos que surgiram nas discussões dos grupos, elencadas as unidades de sentido e as suas respectivas categorias.  Diante dos resultados advindos dos grupos focais, apresenta-se uma matriz de competência para a função de coordenador de Unidade de Saúde. A matriz está organizada da seguinte forma: as competências de cada núcleo temático delimitam a intenção do trabalho, determinando a atuação do coordenador e, para cada competência, é apresentado um conjunto de desempenhos. Esta descreve um leque de capacidades e habilidades, que resultam uma boa prática gerencial do coordenador de Unidades de Saúde, referenciada em critérios de excelência. As combinações de capacidades e os critérios de excelência ética, estética e científica determinam a qualidade da sua atuação. Podem ser utilizados em várias combinações e estilos singulares de gestão, produzindo resultados de sucesso, porém, sempre ancorados no perfil de competência esperado.
Retorno dos investimentos de Inovação em Saúde e Tecnologia
Authors: Dos santos Itamires benicio , Castro gondinho Brunna verna , Bulgareli Jaqueline vilela , Guerra Luciane miranda
Published: June 2020

O aumento progressivo do investimento em saúde visa a melhoria na qualidade de vida da população e possui uma dinâmica que envolve grande valor socioeconômico. O número de novas tecnologias lançadas no mercado é crescente, porém tem seu ciclo de vida curto.  A elevação dos custos em saúde representa, portanto, um desafio para as fontes pagadoras governamentais e privadas. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo verificar o que há na literatura sobre o retorno dos investimentos e as perspectivas de desenvolvimento de pesquisa, inovação em saúde e tecnologia, bem como entender como este retorno é avaliado. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura presente na base de dados Literatura Latino- Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line (MEDLINE), a partir da seguinte estratégia de busca: ((tw:(investimentos)) AND (tw:(tecnologia)) AND (tw:(inovacao em saude)). Forma inicialmente encontrados 116 artigos e ao final do processo de busca e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão ficaram 17 artigos. Dos quais, a maioria utiliza os documentos governamentais como população e quanto aos aspectos metodológicos incluem desde pesquisa qualitativa até revisão da literatura. A partir da leitura do material disponível foram estabelecidas 2 linhas de discussões: (A) Destinação de recursos para inovação em saúde e (B) Formas de avaliação do retorno dos investimentos. As leis governamentais voltadas ao incentivo em desenvolvimento de tecnologias portadoras de futuro estão sob uma lógica mercantil. Pois beneficiam indústrias do setor médico hospitalar, enquanto a saúde pública vem sendo subfinanciada. O gestor possui caráter de grande importância mediante a tomada de decisão para alocação efetiva de recursos disponíveis. Mecanismos avaliativos foram desenvolvidos a fim de subsidiar a tomada de decisão e orientar os investimentos da iniciativa privada, baseados na perspectiva do capitalismo financeirizado.
Desafios do mercado brasileiro de dispositivos médicos e sua relação com o aumento de gastos de saúde no país
Authors: Seiler Thais , Lopes Tarsila Teixeira Vilhena , Machado Felipe Galvão , Gondinho Brunna Verna Castro , Bulgareli Jaqueline Vilela
Published: June 2020

A expansão de dispositivos médicos vem afetando o modo de financiamento da área da saúde. Este artigo fez uma revisão na literatura sobre estudos que abordaram sobre essa relação entre o mercado de dispositivos médicos e o aumento de gasto de saúde. Tentou compreender as imperfeições desse mercado, como também a variação de preços e a necessidade de regulação desses dispositivos no Brasil e em algumas experiências no mundo. Tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, em que foram selecionados os artigos relacionados com o tema. A análise transcorreu com o total de 21 artigos. Dentre eles, foi possível mensurar artigos que retrataram sobre a imperfeição do mercado de dispositivos médicos; referiram sobre as regulações; mencionaram sobre a legislação e transparência no custo-efetividade e abordaram sobre a transparência de preços. Além disso, foi possível observar que majoritariamente os autores apontaram argumentos favoráveis à regulação de precificação e sobre a transparência desses processos regulatórios. O mercado de dispositivos médicos apresenta uma diversidade de dispositivos que torna complexa a prática regulatória. A transparência e responsabilidade são práticas recomendadas para minimizar os efeitos provocados pela disfuncionalidade do mercado de produtos de saúde
Estado y políticas públicas desde una perspectiva crítica
Authors: Bonnet Alberto , Huwiler Laura Alvarez
Published: June 2020

Este artículo parte de la teoría crítica del estado capitalista y, más específicamente, del denominado “debate sobre derivación del estado”, para esbozar a continuación algunas características que revestiría un análisis crítico del proceso de las políticas públicas. A diferencia de la teoría del estado, el análisis de las políticas públicas es una sub-disciplina que carece de perspectivas críticas. La intención de este artículo es revisar la relación existente entre las políticas públicas y los requerimientos de la reproducción capitalista y, a partir de esta revisión, proponer algunos elementos para una concepción del proceso de políticas públicas en términos de un proceso de ensayo y error.
“I Don’t Love Language; I Love Children”: Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Linguistics and their Choice to Major in Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Veyvonda Michelle , Howerton-Fox Amanda
Published: June 2020

Purpose: This pilot study explored the linguistic attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs of undergraduate majors in speech-language pathology (SLP) and the role an interest in linguistics played in their choice of the SLP major. Method: Fifteen undergraduate students declared as SLP majors participated in this mixed-methods study. Participants responded to a survey and open-ended questions measuring their knowledge about and interest in linguistics; they also wrote a narrative essay describing their decision to major in SLP. Data was collected via Qualtrics. Descriptive statistics were done on the quantitative data, and thematic coding using NVivo 12.1.0 was done on qualitative data. Results: Most participants were interested in linguistics and expressed a belief that knowledge of linguistics would be important in their work as SLPs. In generally, however, they demonstrated limited linguistic knowledge and did not include an interest in linguistics as a major influence in their choice to major in SLP. Furthermore, attitudes toward non-standard English were implicit in responses. Participants’ responses indicated that personal interests, quality of life concerns, and the constraints of other career choices - possibly along with societal norms and expectations related to gender/race and career path - intersected as factors that led to the career choice of SLP. Conclusions: Results are of importance to those involved in the design and implementation of undergraduate programs in speech-language pathology, as well as those wishing to recruit students, including minority and male students, to the field of SLP. Additional research should be done with participants from other academic institutions, as well with male students and students of color, to produce more generalizable results.
Community Asset Inquiry: A Model for ESOL Teacher Praxis in Family and Community Engagement
Authors: Atesoglu Russell Felice , Richey Amanda
Published: June 2020

In this article, we present findings from our qualitative, self-study research on the development and implementation of two course assignments (community asset maps and oral histories) designed to support practicing teachers’ praxis in working with English learner (EL) students within the context of family and community engagement. Providing an example of how English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) teacher praxis might be developed, findings are framed by our Community Asset Inquiry model. This model, grounded in equity literacy and transformative family and community engagement supports teachers’ development of praxis in support of an asset-based approach, deep knowledge of school communities, critical understanding of the local/global issues that impact those communities, and ways to advocate for EL students and families that leverage strengths, assets, and knowledges. This research addresses the following questions: How does the Community Asset Inquiry model support our work as teacher educators committed to equity and social justice for EL students? How does the Community Asset Inquiry model support M.Ed. TESOL teacher candidates’ praxis in working with EL students within the context of family and community engagement? Implications for ESOL teacher education, in particular in online settings, and application of the Community Asset Inquiry model are discussed.
Ahmed Feyzî Çorumî’nin el-Müntehab min Tertibi'l-‘ulûm Adlı Eserinin Tahkik, Tercüme ve Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İLHAN Abdullah Sıtkı
Published: June 2020

Geleneğimizde
ilimlerin tasnif edilmesiyle ilgili pek çok eser kaleme alınmıştır. Bunların arasında
Saçaklızâde’nin Tertîbü’l-‘ulûm adlı eserinin önemli bir yeri vardır. Bu
eserde ilimlerin tanımları, tahsil sırası, ilimleri tahsil etmenin hükümleri ve
dönemin eğitim kurumları olan medreselerde takip edilecek eserlerin isimleri
gibi hususların yanında, hoca ve talebelere birtakım tavsiyelere de yer
verilmiştir. Ahmed Feyzi Çorumî ise el-Müntehab min Tertîbi’l-‘ulûm adlı
risalesini, Saçaklızâde’nin eseri olan Tertîbü’l-‘ulûm’dan bazı seçkiler
yaparak oluşturmuştur. Seçki işlemini genellikle ilimlerin tanımı ve bu
ilimleri öğrenmek isteyenlerin okuması gereken kitaplar konusunda yapmıştır. Bu
seçme işlemini yaparken kimi zaman Saçaklızâde’nin cümlelerini olduğu gibi
aktarırken, kimi zaman da farklı yerlerde zikrettiği cümleleri bir araya
getirerek aktarmıştır. Ahmed Feyzi, Saçaklızâde’nin vermiş olduğu malumattan
faydalanmasının yanında bazen Saçaklızâde’nin cümlelerini açıklamış,
Saçaklızâde’nin yer vermediği eserleri örnek olarak zikretmiştir. Bazen de
Saçaklızâde’nin belirtmiş olduğu kimi eserleri değiştirerek kendisine göre daha
uygun olanını tercih etmiştir. Bu çalışmada el-Müntehâb’ın tahkik, tercüme ve
değerlendirmesi yapılarak iki eser arasındaki farklılıklar ortaya konmuştur.
Elde edebildiğimiz tek nüsha üzerinden yaptığımız tahkik kısmında, metnin daha
anlaşılır olması için tarafımızca eklenen yerler ve başlıklar köşeli parantezle
belirtilmiş ve bazı dipnotlar eklenmiştir. Anlamın kapalı olduğu bazı noktalarda
ise Saçaklızâde’nin ifadelerinden yararlanılmış bu işlem dipnotlarda
açıklanmıştır. Değerlendirme noktasında ise Ahmed Feyzi’nin ele aldığı konular,
Saçaklızâde’nin eserinde ilgili bölümde yerleri bulunarak karşılaştırma
yapılmış, aralarındaki farklar ve benzerliklere dikkat çekilmiştir.
The Investigation of Factors Affecting the purchasing decisions of consumers of green products
Authors: Jouzdani Maryam , Nasr Esfahani Ali
Published: June 2020

Goal: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the purchasing decisions of consumers of green products.

 Design / Methodology / Approach: The sample of this study was composed of consumers of disposable products in Isfahan. In this study, Descriptive statistics is used for data analysis and Structural Equation Modeling is used test the research hypotheses and determine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable.

Results: Considering the critical values obtained from the research hypothesis test, it can be concluded that environmental protection, environmental responsibility, green product experience, environmentally friendly brands and social acceptance have a positive and significant effect on green product purchase decisions.

Limitations of the investigation: Since the present study is an exploratory study, the findings of the study are limited to the sample and results may be changed if the sample is changed. Also, the sample of green product buyers' decisions was obtained from only one province, so the results may not be generalizable to all provinces of Iran.

Practical Implications: According to the results, it is recommended that environment-friendly companies differentiate their products from other products and price them appropriately. This should have an impact on consumers and encourage them to buy and use green products.

Originality / Value: The design of the products in a recyclable form and making their components and materials reusable will in future cause their raw materials are recycled and reused; thus, buyers are more eager to buy green products with regard to environmental protection.
Retail Chains in Russia: Some Aspects of State Regulation
Authors: KARASHCHUK Oksana , NUSRATULLIN Ilmir , TRETYAKOV Vladimir , SHMATOV Mikhail , REZVAN Alexander
Published: June 2020

The objective of this paper is to substantiate some proposals for improving state regulation of the retail network in Russia. In some regions of Russia, there is a lack of retail supply for the population, which requires government support for retail network development. State regulation of the trading network in Russia is carried out via establishing by the authorities of Russia’s administrative regions and local authorities of the minimum standards for public provision of trading floor space. However, only 3% of municipalities in Russia develop these standards; it reflects a low practical significance of the established indicators. The authors made a hypothesis that the indicators of retail floor space per thousand inhabitants, used as standards for the minimum public retail supply in Russia, need to be replaced due to the market development of trade. To test the hypothesis, the papers by authoritative authors on similar issues were studied, which revealed the use of population indicators based on the number of enterprises as a standard in countries with developed markets. A study of the current methodology for standardizing indicators in Russia was also conducted, which showed its insufficient academic rationalizing. According to the results of the study, it was proposed to change the indicator of the minimum public retail supply standard and use the norm of the number of trade organizations per capita, differentiated by the forms of trade. The recommendations of this paper provide the basis for improving the current legal acts on the regulation of norming retail chains in Russia. This study may be interesting for countries with similar conditions for the development of the retail network (a sparsely populated large part of the country, inaccessibility of some settlements, low state stimulation of retail within unprofitable territories).
Der Kontext bestimmt alles
Authors: Eberhard Igor
Published: June 2020

Qualitative, sozialwissenschaftliche und vor allem ethnographische Daten benötigen eine besondere Herangehensweise. Das betrifft den gesamten Forschungsprozess sowie das Forschungsdatenmanagement. Dafür gibt es bisher kaum ausgereifte Lösungen. Das Pilotprojekt „Ethnographische Datenarchivierung“ der Universitätsbibliothek Wien am Institut für Kultur- und Sozialanthropologie (2017–2019) hat Lösungswege gesucht und Möglichkeiten exemplarisch ausgearbeitet. Das wird am besonderen Beispiel der Kontextdaten und des Containerobjekts als komplexe Objektkategorie veranschaulicht.
Influence of Intentionally Induced Porosity and Postprocessing Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Laser Powder Bed–Fused Inconel 625
Authors: Poulin Jean-Rene , Letenneur Morgan , Terriault Patrick , Brailovski Vladimir
Published: June 2020

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), have gained significant attention because of their capacity to manufacture near-net shape complex metallic components. Although LPBF components can manifest static mechanical properties that are comparable to those of their wrought counterparts, processing-induced defects, such as porosity and lack of fusion, are regularly observed within the build and are of particular concern for the structural integrity of printed components. In this work, the impact of LPBF-induced defects on the static mechanical properties of Inconel 625 specimens is studied. To establish the relationship between the level of such defects and the specific combinations of LPBF parameters, coupons with porosities of up to 20% were manufactured by varying the laser power from 70 to 360 W, the scanning speed from 720 to 3840 mm/s, and the hatching space from 0.08 to 0.33 mm (a constant layer thickness of 40 microns was used). To measure the level of processing-induced porosity, the computed microtomography (micro-CT) and Archimedes' techniques were concurrently applied. The micro-CT also was used to evaluate the nature and morphology of defects and their distributions, resulting from different combinations of processing parameters. Next, tensile specimens with porosities of up to 3% with two build orientations (0° and 90°) were manufactured and subjected to stress relief annealing and hot isostatic pressing. The specimens then were tested to measure the impact of the prosessing-induced porosity, build orientation, and postprocessing conditions on the static mechanical properties of Inconel 625 specimens. Our results indicated that the presence of pores strongly reduces the ductility of the material, especially when stresses are applied along the build direction. Although hot isostatic pressing allowed a significant reduction in porosity, this postprocessing was ineffective in improving the ductility of specimens with as-printed porosities exceeding 0.3%.
Probabilistic Computational Fatigue and Fracture Modeling of Additive Manufactured Components
Authors: Tryon Robert G. , McDaniels Robert , Chern Andrew , Oja Michael , Dey Animesh , Awad Ibrahim , Duty Chad
Published: June 2020

The modeling of additive manufacturing (AM) processes is multidisciplinary, involving multiple physics as well as multiple time and space scales, thus requiring interdisciplinary modeling efforts. The unique manufacturing process of AM affords the tight integration of in situ measurements and computational modeling. Although AM is relatively new to the mainstream industrial landscape, it is being applied to traditional alloy chemistries. Recent research in AM titanium alloys will be presented. Particular emphasis is placed on integrated computational materials engineering software that simulates the statistical behavior of fatigue and fracture of AM materials by addressing the critical variations of novel microstructure, defects, surface roughness, and residual stress. The software accepts data from multiple sources, including data from the open literature and prior material certification programs. Thus, data available from previous certification of traditional processes (forgings, castings, and weldments) can be used to develop a baseline model. The baseline model is used to simulate the AM material by explicitly modeling the difference in the novel material microstructure, defects, surface roughness, and residual stress compared with the traditionally processed part. Electron beam melting processed Ti-6Al-4V specimens were selected for modeling and compared with test data from the open literature. The probabilistic nature of the models allows for the quantification of the tails of distributions that govern minimum properties for burst and fatigue certification. The primary benefit of this software is the decrease in the time and resources needed to certify AM structural components exposed to both monotonic and cyclic loading.
Fatigue Properties of Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V and CoCr-Alloy Total Ankle Components
Authors: Scholvin Dirk , Linton Doug , Tuttle David , Walters Ben , Bible Scott , Fleming Jesse , Moseley Jon
Published: June 2020

Total ankle replacement is an increasingly popular alternative to ankle fusion, because it allows patients to retain mobility of the joint. Additive manufacturing has made the incorporation of porous surfaces a viable option for a variety of orthopedic implants, especially in cases in which the application of a porous metal layer would otherwise be impossible or cost prohibitive. A novel additive manufactured total ankle system using direct metal laser sintering was developed. The tibial component is made from Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy, and the talar component is made from cobalt-chrome alloy. Both components include a reticulated open porous layer, with a porosity ranging from 60% to 70%. Bending fatigue testing was conducted on finished tibial and talar components and force/number of cycles curves were constructed with a total of five components achieving run-out at 107 cycles with no failures. The results showed that the additive manufactured components met previously established strength requirements for total ankle applications. In addition, it was shown that thermal postprocessing could be effective in eliminating residual or loosely adhered residual powder into the porous structure.
Evaluation of Nondestructive Volumetric Testing Methods for Additively Manufactured Parts
Authors: Obaton Anne-Françoise , Butsch Bryan , McDonough Stephen , Carcreff Ewen , Laroche Nans , Gaillard Yves , Tarr Jared B. , Bouvet Patrick , Cruz Rodolfo , Donmez Alkan
Published: June 2020

Additive manufacturing enables the production of customized and complex parts. These two aspects are attractive for the aerospace and medical sectors. In these critical sectors, however, governed by strict safety requirements, the quality of the parts is of paramount importance, and the technology has advanced at a much faster pace than regulations and quality controls. The reliability of the parts must be guaranteed, and hence quality control is needed. Considering the complexity of additively manufactured part shapes, the inspection methods need to be nondestructive, three-dimensional, and volumetric. X-ray computed tomography is presently the most appropriate method, but the relatively high cost and testing duration make routine inspection difficult. Thus, alternative nondestructive volumetric methods are required. In this paper, four alternative methods utilizing acoustic waves (resonant acoustic method, process compensated resonance testing) and ultrasonic waves (conventional ultrasonic testing, phased array ultrasonic testing combined with total focusing method) are investigated and compared with X-ray computed tomography using synchrotron radiation.
Metal Additive Manufacturing Defect Formation and Nondestructive Evaluation Detectability
Authors: Dutton Ben , Vesga Wilson , Waller Jess , James Steve , Seifi Mohsen
Published: June 2020

Depending on input material, process method, process parameters, and post-processing, the resulting defect state in as-built and finished additive manufactured (AM) parts can be highly variable and complex. To complicate matters further, the terminology used to describe specific defect types can be archaic or user specific and is in need of global harmonization. A common understanding of the root causes of defects and the effect of defects on relevant properties continues to evolve. In powder bed processing, for example, potential defects can be very small, down to the powder particle size. Defects also can occur because of single or multiple causes. Even when there are multiple causes, single defect types can be produced that fail by a single failure mode. Alternatively, a single defect type can have several different failure modes. The objective of this paper is to classify and identify types of technologically important defects that occur in AM parts produced by powder bed fusion (PBF) and directed energy deposition (DED). A breakdown of technologically important defects is presented in three sections: the cause, the defect, and detection by nondestructive evaluation (NDE). The effect-of-defect on relevant end-use properties is addressed whenever possible. For example, the effect of lack-of-fusion flaws on ultimate tensile properties and high cycle fatigue life is discussed, thus demonstrating the need to be able to detect such flaws. Thus, although the causes of the defects occurring in PBF and DED parts can be quite different, the actual defects can have some similarities. In general, reliable detection of defects by NDE does not depend on the process cause, but depends more on the size, geometry, and location (and, potentially, the morphology) of the defect as well as the complexity, density, and surface finish of the part.
Changes in and Continuity of Regionalism in South Korea
Authors: Lee Hyun-Chool , Repkine Alexandre
Published: June 2020

We use spatial econometrics on a unique data set covering 229 Korean regions to analyze the outcome of Korea’s 2017 presidential election. We see strong statistical evidence of spatial correlation, suggesting that neighboring regions vote similarly, which is in accord with findings in the international context. Our findings are distinct in that we see little evidence that Korea’s 2017 outcome was driven by the economic disparities between the southeast and the southwest, a highly sensitive political issue in the country. Voters’ region of origin and age are the two most important factors in vote choice, irrespective of the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of their regions.
The Impact of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on Pakistan’s Federal System
Authors: Boni Filippo , Adeney Katharine
Published: June 2020

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is often portrayed as the flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative. While much attention has been devoted to its geopolitical repercussions, its impacts on Pakistan’s federal system and interprovincial relations have not yet been explored. Organized around interviews conducted in 2015, 2018, and 2019, this article demonstrates that the construction of the economic corridor is acting as a centripetal force in Pakistan’s federal structure, despite the potential for such a large external investment to redress the disparities between provinces.
East Asian Disorder
Authors: Zhao Suisheng
Published: June 2020

In the South China Sea territorial disputes, China has shifted from a delaying strategy characterized by strategic ambiguity to strategic clarity and an increasingly assertive stance. Yet, this power play, asserting sovereignty over a large portion of the South China Sea, has not prompted a decisive push-back from regional states or major powers, raising the question of what kind of norms China will bring to the regional order and indicating the difficulty of building rules-based order in a region characterized by unbounded power politics in a twenty-first-century Hobbesian struggle.
Japan’s Personal Information Protection Policy Under Pressure
Authors: Suda Yuko
Published: June 2020

This article explores the politics surrounding the recent data transfer agreement between Japan and the European Union, with a focus on the linkage between Japanese domestic politics and foreign pressure on Japan’s personal information protection policy. The agreement may be seen as one of mutual recognition, in that Japan and the EU mutually recognized the other as providing an “adequate level of protection” for personal data. However, a close examination of the case suggests that Japan made substantial efforts to meet the EU’s standards for adequacy in order to enhance the interests of transnationalized Japanese firms that rely on the flow of personal information across borders. In sum, the latest changes in Japanese personal information protection regulation paved the way for the Japan-EU data transfer agreement; these changes were precipitated by the extraterritorial effect of the EU’s data protection laws, which had resonated within Japan’s domestic politics.
The effect of dapagliflozin on alanine aminotransferase as a marker of liver inflammation: updated results from the ABCD dapagliflozin audit
Authors: Crabtree Thomas SJ , Yadagiri Mahender , Gallen Ian , Phillips Suzanne , Evans Alison , Rohilla Anurita , Bickerton Alex , Rowles Susannah , Idris Iskandar , Ryder Robert E J , Dapagliflozin audit contributors On behalf of the ABCD
Published: June 2020

Introduction: People with type 2 diabetes are known to be at increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is increasing evidence of diabetes treatments with benefits of also improving NAFLD. Although mostly focused on glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitors may also have some promise in improving markers of NAFLD.Method: Data were extracted from the ABCD nationwide dapagliflozin audit tool. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was available in these data and was used as a marker of liver inflammation. Patients were stratified based on baseline ALT levels to see if this predicted response to treatment.Results: 1,873 patients were included for analysis (mean±SD age 58.7±10 years, 60.8% male, median duration of diabetes 3.5 years (IQR 1.5–9)) and were followed up in this study for an average of 11.4 months. Where known (n=280), 60.8% of these were Caucasian. Baseline HbA1c was 78±17.2 mmol/mol, weight 102.1±22.5 kg and body mass index (BMI) 34.2±7.6 kg/m2. Median ALT reduction overall was 4 U/L (95% CI 3 to 4; p<0.001). Reductions in weight (3.2 kg; 95% CI 2.9 to 3.5), BMI (0.9 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.2) and HbA1c (10.8 mmol/mol, 95% CI 10.1 to 11.5) (0.9%, 95% CI 0.8% to 1.0%) were all significant (p<0.001). Where ALT was elevated at baseline (>19 U/L female; >30 U/L male), the median reduction in ALT was 5 U/L in women (95% CI 4 to 6; p<0.0001) and 10 U/L in men (95% CI 8 to 11; p<0.0001). Stratified into three groups by ALT using the male reference range and twice this, there were reductions in ALT in all groups, which was greatest (24 U/L 95% CI 20 to 27) in the subgroup with baseline ALT >59 U/L.Conclusion: Our observational data suggest significant reductions in ALT as a possible marker of liver inflammation in those taking dapagliflozin. This appears to be greatest in those with the most elevated levels at baseline.
Series: Cardiovascular outcome trials for diabetes drugs Lixisenatide and ELIXA
Authors: Fisher Miles
Published: June 2020

ELIXA (Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome) was an FDA mandated cardiovascular outcome trial with lixisenatide. In contrast to later cardiovascular outcome trials with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, it was performed in subjects with a recent myocardial infarction or hospitalisation for unstable angina within the previous 180 days. ELIXA compared lixisenatide and placebo in 6,068 subjects with type 2 diabetes and demonstrated non-inferiority for major cardiovascular events plus unstable angina (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina) but not superiority. Similarly, there was no difference in hospitalisation for heart failure which was a secondary outcome. A subsequent exploratory analysis showed that lixisenatide reduced progression of the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio in patients with macroalbuminuria, and was associated with a lower risk of new-onset macroalbuminuria. No clear clinical benefit has been established for lixisenatide, and there are alternative GLP-1 receptor agonists such as liraglutide, semaglutide and dulaglutide that are associated with a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events.
Potential prevention of diabetes and obesity by achieving macronutrient balance: a guide for diet and fast food
Authors: Mackintosh James EL , Mistry Jeminie Patel , Ali Sarah N , Patel Vinod
Published: June 2020

Protein is the most satiating macronutrient. Animal studies have indicated that there may be a discrete amount of protein that an individual seeks to consume each day. Given this to be true, a person will continue to eat until this amount of protein has been consumed. Once the target is met, hunger signals are switched off. By altering the proportion of protein in a diet, you can affect how many calories are required to meet this target. A diet with a protein content >15% drives weight loss through the reduction of calories consumed to meet protein needs. We hypothesise that changing the proportion of calories from protein in a person’s diet from 12% to 20% could alter their total intake by 1000 kcal each day. This equates to a weight change of 0.9 kg each week. Maintaining a healthy weight is not as simple as changing a single variable. Eating habits in the UK are governed by a range of complex interdependent factors including hunger, emotions, cost, accessibility, education and culture. However, we suggest that by addressing satiety, and thereby hunger, we may remove a significant barrier for those trying to alter their diet for weight loss.
Dopamine agonists and antipsychotics
Authors: Molitch Mark E
Published: June 2020

There can potentially be a number of clinical interactions that could adversely affect patient outcomes in a patient with a prolactinoma and psychiatric disease that might require antipsychotic and dopamine agonist treatment. Dopamine agonists stimulate the dopamine D2 receptor, resulting in a decrease in prolactin (PRL) levels and in prolactinoma size but action on dopamine receptors in the meso-limbic system may rarely cause psychosis and more commonly cause impulse control disorders. The psychiatric benefits of antipsychotic agents involve blocking the D2 and other dopamine receptors but this blockade often also causes hyperprolactinemia.

In patients with macroprolactinomas and psychosis, observation, estrogen/progestin replacement, and surgery can be considered in addition to dopamine agonists. In those who require dopamine agonists for PRL and tumor size control, the introduction of antipsychotics may blunt this effect, so that higher doses of the dopamine agonists may be needed. Alternatively, antipsychotics that have less of a blocking effect at the D2 receptor, such as aripiprazole, can be tried, if appropriate. For patients already on antipsychotic drugs who are found to have a macroprolactinoma for which dopamine agonists are required, dopamine agonists can be initiated at low dose and the dose escalated slowly. However, such patients require careful monitoring of psychiatric status to avoid the rare complication of exacerbation of the underlying psychosis. Again, if appropriate, use of antipsychotics that have less of a blocking effect at the D2 receptor may allow lower doses of dopamine agonists to be used in this situation.
90 YEARS OF PROGESTERONE: Progesterone receptor signaling in the normal breast and its implications for cancer
Authors: Brisken Cathrin , Scabia Valentina
Published: June 2020

Progesterone is considered as the pregnancy hormone and acts on many different target tissues. Progesterone receptor (PR) signaling is important for normal development and the physiologic function of the breast and impinges on breast carcinogenesis. Both systemically and locally, in the breast epithelium, there are multiple layers of complexity to progesterone action, many of which have been revealed through experiments in mice. The hormone acts via its receptor expressed in a subset of cells, the sensor cells, in the breast epithelium with different signaling outcomes in individual cells eliciting distinct cell-intrinsic and paracrine signaling involving different mediators for different intercellular interactions. PR expression itself is developmentally regulated and the biological outcome of PR signaling depends on the developmental stage of the mammary gland and the endocrine context. During both puberty and adulthood PR activates stem and progenitor cells through Wnt4-driven activation of the myoepithelium with downstream Adamts18-induced changes in extracellualr matrix (ECM) / basal membrane (BM). During estrous cycling and pregnancy, the hormone drives a major cell expansion through Rankl. At all stages, PR signaling is closely tied to estrogen receptor α (ER) signaling. As the PR itself is a target gene of ER, the complex interactions are experimentally difficult to dissect and still poorly understood. Ex vivo models of the human breast and studies on biopsy samples show that major signaling axes are conserved across species. New intraductal xenograft models hold promise to provide a better understanding of PR signaling in the normal breast epithelium and in breast cancer development in the near future.
Características nutritivas de un ensilado líquido de banano orito (Musa acuminata AA) con tubérculos de taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) y su efecto en cerdos de posdestete
Authors: Caicedo Willan , Flores Alex
Published: June 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el uso del ensilaje líquido de banano orito con tubérculos de taro en la dieta de cerdos en posdestete. En el experimento 1 se preparó un total de 30 microsilos de 1 kg de capacidad y se determinó indicadores físicos, microbiológicos, organolépticos y químicos a los 1, 4, 8, 15, 30 y 60 días de fermentación (cinco en cada día). En el experimento 2 se emplearon 60 lechones castrados Landrace x Duroc x Pietrain de 8.53 ± 0.28 kg, distribuidos en tres grupos con 20 animales cada uno y alimentados con 0, 2 y 4% de inclusión de ensilaje en la dieta. El ensilado en el día 1 presentó la mayor temperatura (22.56 ºC) y pH (4.82). No hubo presencia de Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp o Salmonella spp. El olor (dulce fermentado), color (verdoso claro) y consistencia (pastosa) del ensilado fue adecuado. Además, presentó un buen tenor de materia seca, materia orgánica, proteína, extractos libres de nitrógeno, energía bruta, energía digestible, energía metabolizable y bajos niveles de cenizas, grasa y fibra. La inclusión de ensilaje líquido de banano orito con tubérculos de taro en la dieta de cerdos en posdestete al 2 y 4% mejoró el consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, conversión alimentaria, peso final y redujo la incidencia de diarreas en los animales.
Mejoramiento del gel de surimi de anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) mediante adición de surimi de brazo de calamar gigante (Dosidicus gigas)
Authors: Maza-Ramírez Santos , Pariona Velarde Daniel
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo fue mejorar las propiedades funcionales del surimi de anchoveta mediante la adición de surimi de brazo de calamar gigante. Se evaluaron las características de textura y color de seis proporciones de surimi de brazo de calamar gigante / surimi de anchoveta (0/100, 20/80, 40/60, 50/50, 70/30, 100/0). Los resultados mostraron que las características de textura del gel y de color mejoraron considerablemente para la mezcla de surimi con 70/30, obteniéndose 522.2 g de dureza, 8.2 mm de elasticidad, 429.5 g*cm de fuerza de gel, y los valores de L* y a* fueron de 74.30 y -0.85, respectivamente. Este resultado indica que la mezcla de surimi con 70/30 es la proporción indicada para mejorar las propiedades de la textura y el color del gel del surimi de anchoveta. La proporción óptima fue corroborada mediante programación lineal, donde se obtuvo una mejora del precio del surimi de anchoveta por la adición del surimi de calamar gigante.
Is a woman more likely to experience violence, if she earns more than her partner?
Authors: Simister John
Published: June 2020

This paper is a replication of Simister1 which claims that if a woman earns more than her husband, she is more at risk of experiencing Gender-Based Violence (GBV). This paper uses a much larger set of household surveys, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS); the new evidence supports the claims of the 2013 paper, and offers new perspectives. Female deference may be a way for a woman to protect herself from male violence. The author is grateful that DHS survey data is made available to researchers. Any mistakes in this paper are the author’s responsibility.
Coronary Physiology Derived from Invasive Angiography: Will it be a Game Changer?
Authors: Gabara Lavinia , Hinton Jonathan , Gunn Julian , Morris Paul D , Curzen Nick
Published: June 2020

There is a large body of evidence suggesting that having knowledge of the presence and extent of coronary atheroma and whether it is causing downstream myocardial ischaemia facilitates optimal diagnosis and management for patients presenting with chest pain. Despite this, the use of coronary pressure wire in routine practice is surprisingly low and routine assessment of all diseased vessels before making a bespoke management plan is rare. The advent of angiogram-derived models of physiology could change diagnostic practice completely. By offering routine assessment of the physiology of all the major epicardial coronary vessels, angiogram-derived physiology has the potential to radically modify current practice by facilitating more accurate patient-level, vessel-level, and even lesion-level decision-making. In this article, the authors review the current state of angiogram-derived physiology and speculate on its potential impact on clinical practice.
Gene Expression of ECA2 Receptors in the Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands and Its Role in SARS CoV2 Infection. Literature Review
Authors: Villanueva-Sánchez Francisco Germán , Avelar-Juárez Karla Mayela , Pérez-Cornejo Nancy , Cruz-Monroy Eduardo Alonso , Ramos-Baena José David
Published: June 2020

ECA2 receptors have an important gene expression in the squamous cells of the tongue and salivary glands, a mechanism that is convenient for the inoculation of SARS CoV2 since it seeks to make the assembly complex through its glycoprotein or spike protein towards the ECA2 receptor of the oral mucosa. Once inoculated and favored by proteases, it is the key that allows the entry of the virion into the host cell for its subsequent replication, increase of viral load and potential deamination and infection; dental professionals must be alert to the mechanisms of infection in the oral cavity for their own protection and that of the patients who are treated by this health personnel.
Politik Identitas Dan Representasi Politik (Studi Kasus pada Pilkada DKI Periode 2018-2022)
Authors: Nasrudin Juhana , Nurdin Ahmad Ali
Published: June 2020

Identity and representation are two significant things in human life. While religion and ethnicity are two things that become identity and representation of humans. The democratic process in Indonesia is inseparable from the orientation of identity politics and representation. This research is qualitative in nature which focuses on research in the case of the second round of DKI regional elections in the period 2018-2022. The case will be analyzed using the theory of identity politics and political representation. The results of the study indicate that the orientation of identity politics and political representation influences the democratic process in the case of the 2018-2022 DKI elections.
Review Essay: The Buddha’s Wizards
Authors: Henry Justin W.
Published: June 2020

The Buddha’s Wizards: Magic, Protection, and Healing in Burmese Buddhism by Thomas Nathan Patton. New York: Columbia University Press, 2018. US $60 (hardcover). xxxiv + 187 pp. ISBN: 9780231187602.
Even More Christian Apocrypha
Authors: Burke Tony
Published: June 2020

New Testament Apocrypha: More Noncanonical Scriptures, edited by Tony Burke and Brent Landau, was published in 2017. It is the first in a series of volumes of apocryphal Christian texts in English translation. This article offers some reflections on the reception of the volume—with a summary of and response to reviews in journals and two panel discussions—and on the process of assembling a second volume to be published in 2020. The article describes the contents of the second volume with particular emphasis on several Johannine apocrypha related to er?tapokriseis (or “question-and-answer” literature) and two texts that may reflect Chistian-Muslim interaction in late antique Egypt. The article concludes with a preliminary list of the texts to be included in a third volume to follow in 2022.
Classificação de Angle: uma sugestão de modificação pela relação sagital de caninos
Authors: Foggiato Augusto Alberto , Pereira Antônio Carlos , Castro de Almeida Renato , Fuziy Cesar Henrique Fukuji , Fernandes da Silva Douglas , Fuziy Acácio
Published: June 2020

A existência de variações na má oclusão entre a relação molar e a relação dos caninos, demonstra a necessidade de agrupar os problemas de maneira clara e precisa. A grande importância dos caninos na oclusão justifica o estabelecimento de uma nomenclatura própria para descrever os desvios da normalidade, contribuindo para uma comunicação entre os ortodontistas, auxiliando no prognóstico, diagnóstico, plano de tratamento e terapêutica. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é sugerir uma complementação a classificação de Angle com a introdução da relação sagital de caninos na análise da má oclusão. A nomenclatura, utilizada para a classificação sagital dos caninos, pode contribuir para preencher uma lacuna existente nas classificações das más oclusões quando se avalia a relação mesiodistal dos elementos dentários, proporcionando a avaliação sagital mais precisa dos pacientes.