bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВЛИЯНИЕ АГРОТЕХНИКИ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ И УСЛОВИЙ УВЛАЖНЕНИЯ НА РАЗВИТИЕ КОРНЕЕДА САХАРНОЙ СВЕКЛЫ В ЦЧ
Authors: Косякин П.А. , Манаенкова Е.Н. , Гаврилова М.Ю. , Герр Е.С.
Published: October 2024

Проанализирована пораженность сахарной свеклы корнеедом в многолетнем стационарном опыте. Установлено, что безотвальная система основ- ной обработки почвы в паровом звене увеличивала распространенность корнееда на 23 %, а в клеверном – на 36 %. Более эффективной обработкой почвы в борьбе с корнеедом является отвальная разноглубинная с применением ярусного плуга под сахарную свеклу, которая на 20 % снижала пораженность в сравнении с разноглубинной отвальной обработкой. При внесении удобрений поражаемость растений снижается. Определено, что чем меньше осадков выпало после посева, тем выше распространенность и развитие заболевания. Лучшим звеном севооборота для снижения пораженности сахарной свеклы, является звено с черным паром

The infestation of sugar beet by root eater in a long-term stationary experience is analyzed. It was found that non-moldboard system of main soil cultivation in a steam link increased the prevalence of root eater by 23 %, and in a clover link – by 36 %. More eff ective tillage in the fight against root eater is a dump at a diff erent depth with the use of a longline plow for sugar beet, which reduced the infestation by 20 % in comparison with a mid-depth dump. When fertilizing is applied, the susceptibility of plants is reduced. It was determined that the less precipitation fell after sowing, the higher the prevalence and development of the disease. The best link in the crop rotation to reduce the infestation of sugar beet is the link with black fallow.
ВЛИЯНИЕ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ СЕМЯН ЯРОВОГО РАПСА
Authors: Нурлыгаянов Р.Б. , Исламгулов Д.Р. , Исмагилов К.Р.
Published: October 2024

Изучены особенности минерального питания ярового рапса в южной лесостепной зоне Республики Башкортостан. Установлено, что минеральные удобрения повышают урожайность и качество семян ярового рапса. Вероятность достижения планируемой урожайности с увеличением минерального питания составляет 92 %. Получение запланированной урожайности семян ярового рапса зависит также от других факторов: температуры воздуха, влажности почвы и др.

The features of spring rapeseed mineral nutrition in the southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan have been studied. It has been established that mineral fertilizers increase the yield and quality of spring rape seeds. The probability of achieving the planned yield with an increase in mineral nutrition is 92%. Obtaining the planned yield of spring rape seeds also depends on other factors: air temperature, soil moisture, etc.
ПРЯМОЙ ПОСЕВ ПОСЛЕ САХАРНОЙ СВЕКЛЫ*
Authors: Волков А.И. , Прохорова Л.Н. , Богданов К.В.
Published: October 2024

Представлены результаты полевых опытов по выбору наиболее оптимальной культуры для возделывания после сахарной свеклы путем прямого посева в агроклиматических условиях Чувашской Республики. С агроэкономической и энергетической точек зрения, наиболее целесообразным является прямой посев кукурузы для получения кормового зерна стандартной влажности.

The results of field experiments on the choice of the most optimal crop for cultivation after sugar beet by direct sowing in the agro-climatic conditions of the Chuvash Republic are presented. From an agro-economic and energy point of view, the most appropriate is the direct sowing of corn to obtain fodder grain of standard moisture.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ УРОЖАЙНОСТИ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЕМОВ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ
Authors: Воронцов В.А. , Дудова Е.В.
Published: October 2024

Изучено влияние способов основной обработки почвы, удобрений и средств защиты растений на влажность почвы, засоренность посевов и урожайность озимой пшеницы, выращиваемой в зернопаровом севообороте. Замена способа основной обработки – вспашки черного пара на обработки без оборота пласта (поверхностной и безотвальной) – не ухудшает водный режим почвы, но в то же время существенно повышает засоренность посевов. Засоренность посевов снижается за счет применения гербицидов и полного минерального удобрения перед посевом озимой пшеницы в сравнении с весенней подкормкой азотными удобрениями. Наиболее высокие прибавки урожайности обеспечивает применение средств защиты. Различные по интенсивности способы основной обработки почвы и применение удобрений перед посевом и в виде весенней подкормки существенно не влияют на урожайность озимой пшеницы.

The influence of the methods of basic tillage, fertilizers and plant protection products on soil moisture, contamination of crops and the yield of winter wheat grown in a grain-fallow crop rotation have been studied. The replacement of the main tillage method – black fallow plowing with tillage without reversal of the seam (surface and moldboard less) – does not worsen the water regime of the soil, but at the same time signifi cantly increases the contamination of crops. The contamination of crops reduced due to the use of herbicides and complete mineral fertilizer before sowing winter wheat in comparison with spring top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers. The highest yield increases ensured by the use of protective means. Different intensity methods of basic tillage and the use of fertilizers before sowing and in the form of spring top dressing do not signifi cantly affect the yield of winter wheat.
СИСТЕМЫ УДОБРЕНИЯ ДЛЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ГИБРИДОВ САХАРНОЙ СВЕКЛЫ В ЦЧР
Authors: Минакова О.А. , Александрова Л.В. , Подвигина Т.Н.
Published: October 2024

Установлено, что в паровом звене гибриды сахарной свеклы отечественной селекции реагируют на улучшение условий питания значительным повышением урожайности и сахаристости корнеплодов по сравнению с иностранным гибридом, а в клеверном – их отзывчивость примерно одинаковая. Математически доказано, что уровень удобренности в большей степени определял продуктивность изученных гибридов по сравнению с их генотипом. Для получения урожая отечественных гибридов в пределах 43,2–45,1 т/га в звене с паром и 38,4–40,2 т/га в звене с клевером под культуру вносили: в паровом звене под РМС 120 – N135P135K135 +25 т/га на- воза, N120P120K120 + 50 т/га навоза, а также N190P190K190 (без навоза), под гибрид РМС 127 – N135P135K135 + 25 т/га навоза и N90P90K90 +25 т/га навоза; в клеверном звене – N90-135P90-135K90-135 под оба гибрида.

It was found that in the fallow link, sugar beet hybrids of domestic breeding respond to improved nutrition conditions by signifi cantly increasing the yield and sugar content of root crops compared to a foreign hybrid, and in clover - their responsiveness is approximately the same. It is mathematically proved that the level of fertilizer application to a greater extent determined the productivity of the studied hybrids in comparison with their genotype. To get yield of domestic hybrids in the range of 43.2–45.1 t/ha in the link with fallow and 38.4–40.2 t/ha in the link with clover, the following fertilizers were applied to the culture: in the fallow under RMS 120 – N135P135K135 + 25 t/ha of manure, N120P120K120 + 50 t/ha of manure, as well as N190P190K190 (without manure), under the hybrid RMS 127 – N135P135K135 + 25 t/ha of manure and N90P90K90 +25 t/ha of manure; in the clover link – N90-135P90-135K90-135 for both hybrids.
Оценка гибридов сахарной свеклы в условиях Брянской области
Authors: Сычева И.В. , Сычев С.М.
Published: October 2024

Представлены результаты изучения хозяйственно-ценных признаков (урожайность, сахаристость) сахарной свеклы при выращивании в условиях юго-западной части Центрального региона РФ (Брянская область). Проведена оценка развития и распространенности церкоспороза на различных гибридах сахарной свеклы. Исследования проводили в 2020–2021 гг. в полевых опытах Брянского ГАУ. Определена незначительная пораженность церкоспорозом (Cercospora beticola Sacc.) гибридов Вулкан, Каскад, Буря, Волна, Ардан. Установлена сахаристость корнеплодов гибридов Прилив, Конкурс, Каскад, Буря, Волна выше 17,5 % в среднем за два года исследований. При этом гибриды Прилив, Конкурс, Каскад имели сахаристость в 2021 г. в пределах 18,0–18,1 %, гибриды Вулкан, Урази, Каскад и Светлана – от 16,5 до 17,0 %. Выделены отечественные гибриды сахарной свеклы с хозяйственно-ценными признаками, обладающие относительной устойчивостью к церкоспорозу в условиях Брянской области.

The results of the study of economically valuable characteristics (yield, sugar content) of sugar beet when grown in the conditions of the South-Western part of the Central region of the Russian Federation (Bryansk region) are presented. The assessment of the development and prevalence of cercosporosis on various sugar beet hybrids was carried out. The research was carried out in 2020–2021 in the field experiments of the Bryansk State Agrarian University. A minor infestation with cercosporosis (Cercospora beticola Sacc.) of Vulcan, Cascade, Burya, Volna, Ardan hybrids was determined. Sugar content of root crops of hybrids Priliv, Konkurs, Cascade, Burya, Volna is higher than 17.5 % on average over two years of research. At the same time, hybrids Priliv, Konkurs, Cascade had a sugar content in 2021 in the range of 18.0–18.1 %, Vulcan, Urasi, Cascade and Svetlana hybrids – from 16.5 to 17.0 %. Domestic sugar beet hybrids with economically valuable traits with relative resistance to cercosporosis in the conditions of the Bryansk region have been identified.
Структура популяции возбудителей гнилей корнеплодов сахарной свеклы на черноземе выщелоченном в ЦЧР
Authors: Шамин А.А. , Стогниенко О.И.
Published: October 2024

Приведены результаты многолетних исследований патогенного комплекса возбудителей гнилей корнеплодов сахарной свеклы. Установлена тенденция изменения частоты встречаемости и относительного обилия вида грибов рода Fusarium и других возбудителей гнилей корнеплодов. Выявлен патогенный комплекс типичных и случайных видов грибов – возбудителей гнилей корнеплодов.

The results of long-term studies of the pathogenic complex of pathogens of rot of sugar beet root crops are presented. The tendency of changes in the frequency of occurrence and relative abundance of the species of fungi of the genus Fusarium and other pathogens of root rot has been established. A pathogenic complex of typical and random species of fungi – pathogens of the root rot has been identified.
Влияние удобрений и основной обработки почвы на показатели плодородия в посевах культур севооборота
Authors: Минакова О.А. , Косякин П.А. , Мерзликина Д.С.
Published: October 2024

Исследования проведены в стационарном опыте ВНИИСС, заложенном в 1985 г. с целью выявить влияние удобрений и систем основной обработки почвы на структурно-агрегатный состав, водопрочность почвенных агрегатов и содержание питательных веществ в почве плодосменного севооборота. Установлено, что они были наиболее благоприятными при комбинированной и отвальной обработках почвы в севообороте, как в посевах сахарной свеклы, так и озимой пшеницы. Вносимые удобрения несколько ухудшали структуру пахотного слоя почвы, так как наблюдалась более резкая дифференциация по ее слоям.

The studies were carried out in the stationary experiment of VNIISS, founded in 1985 in order to establish the effect of fertilizers and basic tillage systems on the structural-aggregate composition, water resistance of soil aggregates, nutrient content in the soil of crop rotation. It has been established that they were the most favorable for combined and moldboard tillage in crop rotation, both in sugar beet and winter wheat crops. The applied fertilizers somewhat worsened the structure of the arable soil layer, as a sharper differentiation was observed in soil layers.
Влияние регулятора роста Зеребра Агро на урожайность и качество зерна яровой пшеницы в условиях юга Западной Сибири
Authors: Кормин В.П. , Гоман Н.В.
Published: October 2024

Изучено влияние регулятора роста Зеребра Агро на продуктивность яровой пшеницы в условиях южных областей Западной Сибири. В полевых опытах 2014–2016 гг. испытывали сорт яровой пшеницы Дуэт, возделываемый на лугово-черноземной почве. Лабораторные опыты проводили в учебно-научной лаборатории диагностики минерального питания и качества сельскохозяйственных культур учебно-опытного хозяйства ФГБОУ ВО «Омский ГАУ». Исследования выполняли по двум предшественникам – пар и первая пшеница после пара. Опыты показали, что регулятор роста существенно повысил урожайность и качество зерна яровой пшеницы. При внекорневой подкормке наиболее оптимальной была доза 150 мл/га, обеспечившая среднюю урожайность по пару 3,09 т/га, по непаровому предшественнику – 2,00 т/га, что соответственно на 0,27 и 0,31 т/га выше по сравнению с вариантом без удобрений.

The aim of research was to study the effect of Zerebra Agro growth regulator on the productivity of spring wheat in the conditions of the South of Western Siberia. Field experiments were carried out in 2014-2016 on the Duet spring wheat variety on meadow-black soil in the fields of an educational and experimental farm, laboratory experiments were carried out in the educational and scientific laboratory for the diagnosis of mineral nutrition and the quality of agricultural crops of the educational and experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University. Studies were carried out on two precursors – fallow and the first wheat after fallow. Experiments have shown that the growth regulator has significantly increased the yield and quality of spring wheat grain. The best when processing crops in the form of foliar top dressing is a dose of 150 ml/ha, at which the average yield was 3.09 t/ha for a fallow, 2.00 t/ha for non-fallow predecessor, which is 0.27 and 0.31 t/ha higher, respectively, compared with the option without fertilizers.
Молекулярная база данных селекционно- генетических объектов Beta vulgaris L.
Authors: Федулова Т.П. , Моисеенко А.В. , Слепокурова Е.А.
Published: October 2024

На основе результатов молекулярных анализов в программе 1С, адаптированной для работы с генетическими последовательностями, создана электронная база данных. Молекулярная база данных включает генетические паспорта 120 актуальных селекционно-ценных генотипов сахарной свеклы (МС форм, сростноплодных опылителей ОП, DH-линий, гибридов F1, коммерческих гибридов); рекомендации по эффективному подбору родительских пар для гибридизации (66 комбинаций) с учетом их генетической дивергенции. Созданная база данных содержит информацию о специфических праймерах (32 пары) и выделенных с их использованием селекционных образцах, устойчивых к цветушности (3 генотипа), засухе/засолению (5 генотипов), фузариозу (1 генотип), гетеродерозу (1 генотип), 49 МС форм и 4 О-типа.

An electronic database created based on the results of molecular analyzes in the 1C program, adapted for working with genetic sequences in this article presents. The developed molecular database includes genetic passports of 120 relevant selection-valuable genotypes of sugar beet (MS forms, fertile pollinators of OP, DH-lines, F1 hybrids, commercial hybrids); recommendations for effective selection of parent pairs for hybridization (66 combinations) taking into account their genetic divergence. The created database contains information on specific primers (32 pairs) and selected samples with their use, resistant to color (3 genotypes), drought/salinity (5 genotypes), fusariosis (1 genotype), heteroderosis (1 genotype), 49 MS forms and 4 O-types.
Влияние применения средств химизации на фитосанитарное состояние и урожайность зерна яровой пшеницы
Authors: Ториков В.Е. , Мельникова О.В. , Вершило Е.Н.
Published: October 2024

В годы исследований положительное действие азотных удобрений проявилось в виде линейной зависимости. Прямое влияние гербицида в 2017 и 2019 гг. выражено в виде линейной, в 2018 г. – в виде квадратичной зависимости. Прямое действие фунгицида проявилось в 2017 г. в виде квадратичной зависимости. Взаимодействие фунгицида и микроэлемента в 2018 г. было отрицательным, в 2019 г. – положительным. Отмечено снижение эффективности азотных удобрений в 2018 г. и фунгицида – в 2019 г. В варианте с оптимальным уровнем показателей урожайность зерна была несколько выше, чем с максимальным. Использование средств химизации на посевах яровой пшеницы в оптимальных дозах улучшало фитосанитарное состояние и позволяло получить достаточно высокую урожайность зерна яровой пшеницы – от 4,78 до 5,13 т/га. Ключевые слова: яровая пшеница, агрохимикаты, сорняки, болезни, зерно, урожайность.

The results of field experiments showed that the positive effect of nitrogen fertilizers was manifested in all the years of research in the form of a linear relationship. The direct effect of the herbicide in 2017 and 2019 is expressed as a linear dependence, and in 2018 - a quadratic one. The direct effect of the fungicide was manifested in 2017 in the form of a quadratic dependence. The interaction of the fungicide and the trace element was manifested in 2018 and 2019, and in 2018 this interaction was negative, and in 2019 it was positive. The calculated mathematical models of the total contamination of spring wheat crops indicate a positive effect of the herbicide on reducing the number of weeds in all the years of experiments. There was a decrease in the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers in 2018 and fungicide in 2019. In 2018, with the values of the optimal variant, grain yield was slightly higher than at the maximum level. Optimal doses of nitrogen fertilizers and herbicide are required to ensure the highest yield. The use of chemicals on spring wheat crops in optimal doses provides a favorable level of phytosanitary condition and allows you to get a sufficiently high yield of spring wheat grain - up to 4.78 ...5.13 t / ha.
Влияние внекорневых подкормок хелатными микроудобрениями на экономическую эффективность и продуктивность ярового овса
Authors: Никифоров В.М. , Никифоров М.И. , Пасечник Н.М.
Published: October 2024

Представлены результаты оценки эффективности внекорневого применения разных хелатных микроудобрений при возделывании ярового овса (Avena sativa L.) в условиях полевого опыта 2021–2023 гг. на серых лесных почвах Брянской области. Установлено, что использование двух внекорневых подкормок посевов овса ярового хелатными микроудобрениями увеличивает количество продуктивных стеблей на 0,8–2,5 %, массу 1000 семян – на 1,3–2,1 %, массу зерна с метелки – на 1,8 %, урожайность культуры – на 0,17–0,28 т/га, рентабельность производства зерна – на 32,2–40,5 %.

The results of evaluating the effectiveness of non-root use of various chelate micro-fertilities in the cultivation of spring oats (Avena sativa L.) in the field experience of 2021–2023 on gray forest soils of the Bryansk region are presented. It was established that the use of two non-root foliars of spring oat crops with chelated micro-forests increases the number of productive stems by 0,8–2.5 %, the weight of 1000 seeds – by 1,3–2,1 %, the weight of grain from panicle – by 1,8 %, crop yield – by 0.17–0.28 t/hectare, and the profitability of grain production – by 32,2–40,5 %.
Динамика производства и размещения посевов сахарной свеклы в регионах России в 2014–2022 гг.
Authors: Святова О.В. , Малахова С.В. , Александрова Е.Г. , Дорошевский Д.Н.
Published: October 2024

Проведена оценка географического размещения посевов сахарной свеклы в регионах РФ в период 2018–2022 гг. на основе их группировки по размеру. Выявлен рост динамики производства культуры в 2014–2019 гг. Отмечено, что сокращение площадей в 2020 г. привело к нестабильности цен на сахар. Сделан вывод о сохранении устойчивой динамики к расширению посевов и повышению валового сбора в 2021–2022 гг. 

An assessment of geographical location of sugar beet cultivation in the regions of the Russian Federation in the period 2018–2022 was carried out on the basis of their grouping by crop size. The growth of the dynamics of crop production in 2014–2019 was revealed. It is noted that the reduction of crops in 2020 led to instability in sugar prices. The conclusion about maintaining stable dynamics towards the expansion of crops and an increase in gross harvest in 2021–2022 is made.
Rhetoric Questions for Surgeons in the Transcatheter Edge- to- Edge Repair and Artificial Intelligence Era
Authors:   Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Harefield, UB9 6JH, London, UK, Antonia Gkouma
Published: October 2024

The advancement in minimally invasive approach via a transcatheter route for dealing with valvular regurgitation has been exponential the last decade. State of the art devices and complex algorithms produced utilising artificial intelligence technologies dominating our life and will be the near future direction of modern healthcare systems. The evolving technique of edge- to- edge repair for the management of secondary Mitral Regurgitation (MR) has revealed contradictory results in the past as it has been depicted in two major clinical trials which sparked major debates [1,2]. The 5- year data of the COAPT trial [3] published last year shows survival benefit for the patients but despite this profound benefit, the mortality and the hospitalisation rate remains high in this cohort of patients. The advancement in artificial intelligence technology and the progress of regenerative medicine may constitute the mean on the effort of developing new therapeutical techniques for the complex secondary mitral regurgitation.
Nanoflow Size Exclusion Chromatography – Native Mass Spectrometry of Intact Proteoforms and Protein Complexes
Authors: Zhai Ziran , Gargano Andrea F.G.
Published: October 2024

Native size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with native mass spectrometry (nMS) enables the characterization of proteins and protein complexes by combining liquid-phase separation (SEC) and mass measurement of the complexes (nMS). This approach allows for an increase in the throughput of native MS experiments, reduces the bias that may be present due to the co-ionization of oligomers, and facilitates online sample buffer exchange. SEC-nMS uses volatile buffers and relatively wide-diameter columns (e.g., ≥ 1 mm), with flow rates in the tens of µL/minute. To ionize sample components under this flow regime, relatively harsh electrospray ionization (ESI) desolvation conditions are needed, which may result in protein dissociation/denaturation. Also, relatively large amounts of samples are required (several µgs). Herein, we describe the development of a nanoflow SEC-nMS method using 200 µm I.D. columns, operated at 500 nL•min-1. This approach allows buffer exchange, oligomer separation, and mild ionization conditions (e.g., without the assistance of heated gas flow or temperature). Compared to microflow (1 mm I.D. column), the nanoflow method achieved a 4-fold increase in MS peak intensity, despite using a sample 20 times less concentrated (0.05 mg mL-1 for nanoflow vs. 1 mg mL-1 for microflow). Furthermore, we evaluated the impact in terms of sensitivity and separation efficiency of three injection approaches: large-volume injection (1μL), nano-volume injection (50nL), and an online mix-bed ion-exchange capillary trap column. The final method, using nano-volume injection, was applied to several model protein and protein complexes to showcase performance and applicability to the study of sample-limited analysis.
Synthesis of 4,5-Disubstituted o-Phenylenediamines: An Enabling Platform for Electrochemical Evaluation of Intramolecular Concerted Proton–Electron Transfer Reactions
Authors: Tang Dennis , Rose Jasmin , Gonzalez John , Giles Marco , Ardo Shane , Minus Matthew , Surendranath Yogesh
Published: October 2024

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions occur in many reactions of global importance, including H2 evolution, among other applications. Surprisingly, knowledge gaps remain in our fundamental understanding of PCET and CPET reactions. In recent studies graphitic electrode systems that are modified by o-phenylenediamines have been singled out as an ideal platform for studying single-site CPET. Although this CPET experimental platform has been established, synthetic access to 4,5-o- phenylenediamines remains limited. Herein we discuss three distinct synthetic strategies aimed toward developing a modular synthetic route to symmetrical and asymmetrical 4,5-o-phenylenediamines. We demonstrate the utility of 4,5-o-dinitrobenzenes as relatively stable precursors to 4,5-o- phenylenediamines and a modular route to make 4,5-o-phenylenediamines in just 2-4 steps from commercial material.
Electrochemically mediated alkaline hydrolysis and methanolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)
Authors: Bunke Samantha P. , Williams Kindle S. , Tarpeh William A.
Published: October 2024

Low-impact, closed-loop recycling of plastics is crucial to sustainably managing these pervasive and resource-intense materials. Our approach aimed to reinvent chemical recycling by integrating it with electrochemical processes to generate reactants electrochemically and depolymerize plastic in situ, with the objective of reducing both costs and environmental impacts. We investigated electrochemically mediated alkaline hydrolysis and methanolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to achieve the following advantages over conventional methods: access to more extreme reactivity from applying an electrochemical driving force, process intensification, and application of more moderate operating conditions. Total PET conversion and product yields were measured to systematically investigate the performance effects of catholyte methanol content, anolyte buffering, and temperature. Leveraging these insights to improve experimental conditions, we achieved 45 mol% PET conversion in 5 hours at ambient pressure and relatively moderate temperature (50 °C) in 0.1 M NaClO4 (100 mol% methanol) catholyte and 0.1 M Na3PO4 anolyte.
Template-assisted electrospinning and 3D printing of multilayered hierarchical vascular grafts
Authors: Zarei Moein , Żwir Marek J. , Michalkiewicz Beata , Gorący Jarosław , El Fray Miroslawa
Published: October 2024

Fabricating complex hierarchical structures mimicking natural vessels and arteries is pivotal for addressing problems of cardiovascular diseases. Various fabrication strategies have been explored to achieve this goal, each contributing unique advantages and challenges to the development of functional vascular grafts. In this study, a three-layered tubular structure resembling vascular grafts was fabricated using biocompatible and biodegradable copolymers of poly(butylene succinate)(PBS) using advanced manufacturing techniques. The outer layer was fabricated by template-assisted electrospinning utilizing 3D printed scaffold with a precise hexagonal pore design as the template, and the inner layer was coated with gelatin through perfusion. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were incorporated into electrospun fibers to enhance mechanical properties. Gelatin coating was applied to the lumen using perfusion coating, resembling inner layer. Integration of 3D printed structures with electrospun fibers via template-assisted electrospinning, and gelatin coating resulted in a seamless multilayered scaffold. Mechanical testing demonstrated robustness, surpassing natural arteries in some aspects, while gelatin coating significantly reduced liquid leakage, ensuring leak-free functionality. Cytotoxicity assessment confirmed biocompatibility of processed materials with fibroblast cells, supporting potential for medical applications.
On the Redox Mechanism of Methanol Carbonylation on the Dispersed ReOx/SiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Tran Neil D. , Mironenko Alexander V.
Published: October 2024

Acetic acid is industrially produced by methanol carbonylation using Ir- or Rh-based homogeneous catalysts and a corrosive HI promoter. Recently, a heterogeneous catalyst with atomically dispersed ReO4 sites on an inert mesoporous SBA-15 support demonstrated high acetic acid yields and stability without the need for a promoter (Qi et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 14178). In this study, we investigate the reaction mechanisms of methanol carbonylation on monopodal -ORe(=O)3 sites using density functional theory calculations, natural bond orbital analysis, and the energetic span model. We find that the reduction of dispersed Re(VII) oxide by CO through an indirect mechanism is essential for catalyst activation. The C–C coupling of methyl and carbonyl ligands is favorable in both Re(V) and Re(III) complexes, with Re(III) being superior due to transition state stabilization by a metal-localized lone electron pair. The preceding C–O bond activation is favorable only on Re(V) and leads to a thermodynamic sink, posing challenges in interpreting the high carbonylation activity in terms of monopodal ReOx site catalysis. We hypothesize that multi-nuclear sites or more exotic ligand environments drive the cooperative reaction mechanism of selective carbonylation.
Machine learning prediction of electronic molecular excited state properties
Authors: Souza Rubens , Duarte Julio , Goldschmidt Ronaldo , Borges Jr Itamar
Published: October 2024

Accurate knowledge of electronic molecular properties of excited states is fundamental for understanding the behavior of functional materials for organic electronics and sensors. In this work, we focus on determining the properties of the most intense peak in the electronic absorption spectra of organic molecules. For this purpose, we employed the quantum chemistry QM-symex dataset, which has approximately 173,000 organic molecules and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) data of the first ten electronic absorption transitions. Each one is identified by its Cartesian coordinates. From the original QM-symex, we built a new dataset named QM-symex-modif by converting the molecular Cartesian coordinates into the Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) format, selecting the main transition orbitals of the singlet most intense absorption peak, their corresponding oscillator strengths and transition energies. We employed twenty machine learning (ML) algorithms to investigate these target properties plus the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs). As inputs for the ML algorithms, we employed several chemical descriptors generated in the RDKit tool for each molecule using the corresponding SMILES format. The QM-symex-modif dataset significantly improved the accuracy of ML predictions of these key photophysical properties. Very good mean absolute errors were obtained for the test set composed of 45,056 molecules. Additionally, a Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis was carried out to evaluate the importance of the input parameters for the investigated ML models. We found several interesting relationships involving the input parameters. In particular, the molecular weight has enormous importance among several different descriptors in determining HOMO values and the transition orbitals.
Efficient Training of Neural Network Potentials for Chemical and Enzymatic Reactions by Continual Learning
Authors: Lei Yao-Kun , Yagi Kiyoshi , Sugita Yuji
Published: October 2024

The machine learning (ML) method has emerged as an efficient surrogate for high-level electronic structure theory, offering precision and computational efficiency. However, the construction of a general force field remains challenging due to the vast conformational and chemical space. Training data sets typically cover only a limited region of this space, resulting in poor extrapolation performance. Traditional strategies inadequately address this problem by training models from scratch using both old and new datasets. In addition, model transferability is crucial for general force field construction. Existing ML force fields, designed for closed systems with no external environmental potential, exhibit limited transferability to complex condensed phase systems such as enzymatic reactions, resulting in inferior performance and high memory costs. Our ML/MM model based on the Taylor expansion of the electrostatic operator showed high transferability between reactions in several simple solvents. In this work, we extend the strategy to enzymatic reactions to explore transferability between more complex heterogeneous environments. In addition, we also apply continual learning strategies based on memory datasets to enable autonomous and on-the-fly training on a continuous stream of new data. By combining these two methods, we can construct a more general force field more efficiently.
Detection of Hidden Low-Frequency Earthquakes in Southern Vancouver Island with Deep Learning
Authors: Lin Jiun-Ting , Thomas Amanda , Bachelot Loïc , Toomey Douglas , Searcy Jake , Melgar Diego
Published: October 2024

Low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) are small-magnitude earthquakes that are depleted in high-frequency content relative to traditional earthquakes of the same magnitude. These events occur in conjunction with slow slip events (SSEs) and can be used to infer the space and time evolution of SSEs. However, because LFEs have weak signals, and the methods used to identify them are computationally expensive, LFEs are not routinely cataloged in most places. Here, we develop a deep-learning model that learns from an existing LFE catalog to detect LFEs in 14 years of continuous waveform data in southern Vancouver Island. The result shows significant increases in detection rates at individual stations. We associate the detections and locate them using a grid search approach in a 3D regional velocity model, resulting in over 1 million LFEs during the performing period. Our resulting catalog is consistent with a widely used tremor catalog during periods of large-magnitude SSEs. However, there are time periods where it registers far more LFEs than the tremor catalog. We highlight a 16-day period in May 2010, when our model detects nearly 3,000 LFEs, whereas the tremor catalog contains only one tremor detection in the same region. This suggests the possibility of hidden small-magnitude SSEs that are undetected by current approaches. Our approach improves the temporal and spatial resolution of the LFE activities and provides new opportunities to understand deep subduction zone processes in this region.
“They can’t cope”: Youth Self-injury and Risk Discourse in Canadian News Media
Authors: Redikopp Sarah
Published: October 2024

Epidemics of self-injury are increasingly framed as public health crises and risk facing youth in Canada. This article examines the discursive construction of youth self-injury as risk in mainstream Canadian news articles through a neoliberal governmentality framework. It argues that self-injury risk discourses are consistent with neoliberal mental health paradigms, which individualize and depoliticize distress while responsibilizing individuals for recovery and wellbeing. The construction of youth self-injury in terms of risk simultaneously undergirds the surveillance, regulation, and coercive control of self-injuring subjects. Based on a critical discourse analysis of Canadian news articles addressing the problem of youth self-injury, this article identifies and discusses three interrelated themes from study findings: social (media) contagion, failed resilience, and system overwhelm. Ultimately, it suggests that the construction of self-injury in terms of risk frames self-injuring youth as failed neoliberal subjects. Risk discourses are therefore incompatible with social justice paradigms in mental health.
Evaluation of the efficiency of web-application safety scanners.
Authors: Ivanenko Dmytro , Pryshchepa Oleksii
Published: October 2024

The level of security of web applications is constantly growing every year, but new ratings of the most common security threats indicate that the problem of ensuring their security is very relevant and constantly changing. Therefore, it is essential to understand the importance of using automatic security scans of web applications and objectively assess their real effectiveness. The paper considers the process of testing web applications for vulnerabilities (and examples of their detection), using free web crawlers (with open-source) by the "black box" method. In this case, scanners interact with applications in the same way as a typical user through a web interface, through the HTTP protocol. The main purpose of the testing is to compare several open-source scanners and determine their effectiveness. It is underlined that it is impossible to evaluate all the indicators of scanners due to the existence of many factors. - Therefore, in the framework of this work, all judgments and conclusions were made only based on an analysis of the received reports of each test scanner. This article provides information about the individual parameters and the number of vulnerabilities found. The testing results indicate that the practice of using only one scanner is not effective, so you need to use several different solutions at once when testing. This will allow you to get more objective results in terms of detecting both already known security threats and finding new vulnerabilities (with their addition to the final report). The work will be useful to those interested in assessing the security state of modern web applications.
Analysis of the Demands of Incumbent Kindergarten and Childcare Center Directors for the Director Qualification Program of the Integration of Early Childhood Education and Care Institutions: Focusing on Focus Group Interviews (FGI)
Authors:   Korean Society for Young Children Becoming Curriculum, Oh ChaiSun , Yi SoonBae , Han YoungMi , Choi YiSoo
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the direction of the director qualification program for the integration of early childhood education and care institutions and to examine the perceptions of the current director qualification program of the incumbent directors of kindergarten and childcare center and the demands for the director qualification program of the integration of early childhood education and care institutions. To this end, 16 incumbent kindergarten directors and childcare center directors, who were participants in the study, were formed into five groups and conducted focus group interviews (FGI). The results of the study were as follows. First, regarding the direction of the director qualification program, they demanded to strengthen the director's professionalism, consider the purpose of the integration of early childhood education and care, and consider a paradigm shift. Second, regarding the method of acquisition of the qualification of the director, they demanded diversification of the composition of the director qualification program in consideration of the institution type, target and career, degree programs and teaching courses, and so on. Third, they demanded the strengthening of the competence and professionalism of directors, supporting the jobs, and considering the diversity of institutions and directors as educational content. As an educational method, they demanded participatory education, customized education, provision of sufficient educational time, optional participation in programs, and provision of specialized curriculum. Fourth, the director’s competencies emphasized competence of refinement and philosophy, leadership, professionalism in education and childcare, organizational and operational management, and relationships and communication. This study is a preliminary study on the director qualification program of the integration of early childhood education and care institutions, and it is meaningful to collect practical opinions such as the demand for the director qualification program of incumbent kindergarten and childcare center directors.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON CONSUMER AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION OF HOSPITALS' DIGITAL MARKETING EFFORTS
Authors: Narake Swapnil , Dharmadhikari Sanjay
Published: October 2024

This study explores consumer awareness and perceptions of digital marketing strategies employed by hospitals, focusing on social media presence, email newsletters, online advertisements, and their impact on understanding hospital services. As hospitals increasingly turn to digital platforms to reach patients, understanding consumer responses to these strategies is critical for effective engagement. The research utilizes a quantitative approach, with a sample of 65 respondents. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, measuring awareness and perceptions of hospital digital marketing initiatives. The study tests three hypotheses related to consumer awareness of hospitals on social media, email communications, and online advertisements using one-sample t-tests. The results reveal a high level of consumer awareness regarding hospitals' social media presence and online advertisements, with mean scores significantly above the neutral value of 3. However, awareness through email newsletters and digital communication channels showed no significant difference from the neutral point, indicating a lower engagement level. These findings align with previous research indicating the increasing role of digital marketing in healthcare but suggest that certain channels, like email marketing, may require more attention. The study contributes to the literature on healthcare marketing by highlighting the importance of targeted digital strategies to improve patient engagement and awareness. Managerial implications suggest hospitals should strengthen their digital presence, particularly in underutilized channels, and develop personalized marketing approaches. Limitations of the study include the small sample size and geographical focus, with recommendations for future research to examine broader populations and the impact of digital marketing on patient decision-making and hospital choice.
Separation and Recovery of Palladium (II) and Platinum (IV) from Automotive Catalysts by Solvent Extraction Using Tri-n-butyl Phosphate and Aliquat 336
Authors: Akçil Mustafa , Eyüboğlu Çağrı
Published: October 2024

Pt, Pd, Fe, Ni, and Cr are among the metals found in spent automotive catalysts, which are both environmentally critical and economically beneficial. In this study, solvent extraction methods were utilized to separate and recover palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) from wasted car catalyst. The synthetic leach liquor employed in this investigation contains (mg/L): Pd-140, Pt-500, Ni-800, Fe-2000 and Cr-150. The variation of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in Shellsol D70 from 0.1 to 2 M revealed selective and quantitative Pd extraction even at the lowest extractant concentration. Stripping Pd from loaded organic (LO) phase using 1 M thiourea and 1 M HCl yielded stripping efficiency of 99%. The use of Aliquat 336 at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.5M in the extraction of Pt from Pd free raffinate demonstrated selective extraction of Pt, reaching 99.7% at 0.2M. The use of a McCabe-Thiele plot in 0.2M Aliquat 336 is expected to result in the extraction of more than 99% of Pt in two stages when an A/O phase ratio of 3 is used. The stripping efficiency of Pt from loaded organic (LO) at O/A ratio 6 with 0.5 M thiourea (tu) and HCl was 99.9 percent.
A Study on the Environment and Characteristics of Overtime Work in the Socialist Market Economy System of China: An Analysis from the Perspective of Marx's Labor Theory
Authors:   Institute of East and West Studies Yonsei University, Qu Guoxiong , Park Hyung Ju
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the dynamic development of new economies, industries, and models has brought significant changes to employment forms and hiring practices. Concurrently, new issues and phenomena have continually emerged in the labor and employment sector, particularly exacerbating conflicts between workers and employers due to excessive overtime work. The ‘996’ and ‘007’ work systems, which have appeared in certain industries in China, have sparked widespread societal debate and concern. The scenario depicted by Marx in the 19th century, where workers suffer due to overtime in capitalist societies, now appears to manifest in some Chinese industries and production management organizations. This paper discusses the establishment of harmonious employment relationships in a socialist market economy and the protection of workers' rights based on Marx's labor theories. Using the issue of overtime as a starting point, it analyzes the current situation in China through the theoretical foundations of Marx's concepts of the working day, absolute surplus value theory, and alienated labor theory. The study examines the basic concepts and characteristics of overtime under a socialist market economy. The analysis reveals that the causes of overtime stem from the ambiguity of working hour standards, employers' 'authorization' of flexible work methods, payment below the basic wage level for extra work, 'oppression' of workers due to high work intensity and career development pressure, and the impact of employers' 'overtime culture' and institutional environment on labor.
This paper primarily proposes measures and suggestions to regulate overtime from the perspectives of improving laws and enforcement, creating a healthy working environment, and enhancing workers' capabilities. It seeks to explore basic paths for workers to 'exit' the overtime dilemma, aiming to resolve the overtime issue and effectively protect workers' labor-economic rights and interests.
An Analysis of the Causes of Low Fertility Rate in Korea: From the Economic Perspective
Authors:   Institute of East and West Studies Yonsei University, Yee Seung-Yeol , Choi Kang-Shik
Published: October 2024

While South Korea's total fertility rate has fallen sharply from 4.12 in 1972 to 0.72 in 2023, rapid economic growth and the advancement of women's education have occurred simultaneously. This change led to a significant increase in women's wages, which caused a (+) income effect that increased the demand for children and a (-) substitution effect that reduced the demand.
This study used the data of the 4th~25th (2001~2022) of the Korean Labor Panel to estimate the Tobit model and obtained the following results. First, rising household incomes have increased the demand for children. Second, when women's hourly earnings increase, the size of the (-) “substitution effect” is greater than the size of the (+) “income effect”. Third, the substitution effect size was greater with higher educational level. Thus, it can be seen that the rapid rise in women's wages is a major factor in the low birth rate. In order to increase the birth rate in the future, the focus should be on reducing the cost of time for women, rather than simply providing cash support.
EDIÇÃO COMPLETA 2024 - v. 10, n. 19
Authors: Fagundes de Oliveira Cristiane Catarina
Published: October 2024

Edição Completa 2024 - v. 10, n.19.
Strengthening Leadership and Islamic Work Ethics Through Employee Characteristics in Improving The Function of Risk Management in Bank SUMUT Syariah
Authors: Fahmi Muhammad , Tarigan Azhari Akmal , Sugianto Sugianto
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT   Purpose: The aim of this research is to examine and analyze the influence of leadership and Islamic Work Ethics through employee characteristics in improving the risk management function.Design/methodology: The population in the study used a purposive sampling method, consisting of 190 employees and all of them were used as the research sample. Of this number, 130 were research respondents. The analysis method used is SEM-PLS. Findings: Research findings show that Leadership influences Risk Management, Leadership mediated by Length of Work influences Risk Management, Islamic Work Ethic influences Risk Management, Islamic Work Ethic mediated by Length of Work influences Risk Management. This research recommends that leaders must be able to transform and invite employees to combine work for the good of this world and the hereafter.Practical implications: The Management of Bank Sumut Syariah (BSS) needs to implement Islamic Work Ethics (IWE) for its employees and implement more deeply factors such as justice, work is worship and achieving halal income.. Furthermore, the company organization has carried out Risk Management Certification (SMR) for its serving leaders. However, apart from SMR, BSS needs to consider implementing the ISO 31000 program regarding Risk Management, so that the risk management Originality/Value: The contribution of this research is that the emphasis on the element of religiosity in work is very necessary, because the foundation of Islamic Work Ethics is stronger than leadership.