bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximum power control of a wind generator with an energy storage system to fix the delivered power
Authors: Boumassata A. , Kerdoun D. , Oualah O.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The power extracted from the wind turbine and delivered to the electrical network must be maximum and constant and the whole system should be have a good compromise between efficiency and cost. In order to attenuate this objective, a doubly fed induction machine, a cycloconverter, a maximum power point tracking algorithm and a flywheel energy storage system constitute a very interesting solution among many others that have been proposed. Novelty. The novelty of the proposed work is to use a doubly fed induction machine and a three pulses cycloconverter to reduce the cost and to integrate a flywheel energy storage system between the wind generator and the electrical network to maintain the constancy of the power sent to the network, following the instability of the wind. The proposed work uses a maximum power point tracking algorithm to capture the optimal power available in the wind in order to increase the efficiency of the system. Results. A detailed study of the proposed system is presented with the detailed dynamic modeling equations and simulation results are conducted to show the performance and the efficiency of the suggested work.
UN PANORAMA GENERAL DEL COMPLIANCE NOCIONES, ORÍGENES, EVOLUCIÓN E IMPLANTACIÓN
Authors: Pampillo Baliño Juan Pablo
Published: April 2022

I. Una aproximación conceptual, II. Precedentes y orígenes, III. Evolución de la responsabilidad, IV. Desarrollo de la regulación, V. Itinerario de la autorregulación, VI. La implantación del compliance, VI. Conclusiones y perspectivas.
LA PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS PERSONALES RELATIVOS A LA SALUD EN EL MARCO DE UNA INVESTIGACIÓN:
Authors: Garcia-Blanch Sanz de Andino Leticia M.
Published: April 2022

La necesidad del consentimiento como causa legitimadora del tratamiento de datos personales es de sobra conocida por todos, en especial a raíz del reciente cambio de criterio de la AEPD en relación con las políticas de Cookies. Sin embargo, ha de tenerse en cuenta que no es la única causa que permite que los datos de una persona puedan ser tratados, ni siquiera cuando estemos hablando de categorías de datos especialmente protegidas, como es el caso de los datos de salud, lo cual resulta de gran relevancia de cara a la actividad comercial derivada del uso de este tipo de datos. El objeto de este artículo consiste en determinar quién y en qué circunstancias está legitimado para tratar datos de salud para
Data Mining of In-Situ Stress Database Towards Development of Regional and Global Stress Trends and Pore Pressure Relationships
Authors: Thompson Nicholas , Andrews Jamie Stuart , Reitan Håvard , Teixeira Rodrigues Nuno Eládio
Published: April 2022

The in-situ stress, and in particular the minimum principal stress, is a major controlling parameter for many subsurface engineering issues, such as safe injection and injection pressure limitation, wellbore stability, fractured injection and stimulation, and completions optimization. In addition to these more ‘traditional’ field development decisions, in-situ stress has direct influence on the rapidly growing CCS industry, where storage volumes of CO2 are highly dependent on the initial minimum effective stress margins available in the sealing caprock(among other factors). In this work we investigate a unique in-house stress database, obtained through decades of dedicated stress testing, to better understand and quantify the relationship of in-situ stress versus depth and its relation to pore pressure. Focus is primarily on the Norwegian Continental Shelf but global results from additional passive continental margin areas are also incorporated and compared. We find that, almost regardless of the geographic area, when hydrostatic pore pressure conditionsapply, relatively simple linear relationships exist of stress versus depth and that the assumption of normally-stressed/relaxed stress regimes can be applied with a good degree of certainty. Further, where overpressure conditions are present, relationships dependent on the degree of overpressure are defined, both regionally and globally. The resulting overpressure relationship is found todiffer fromthose commonlyaccepted andused throughout industry, e.g. Breckels and van Eekelen 1982. Finally, the resulting stress trends versus depth are investigated to better identify the potential presence of high stress environments such as deeper strike-slip to reverse faulting regimes that can complicate field development decisions. While of interest to the hydrocarbon industry in general, the results of this work are highly valuable to under-explored areas where in-situ stress data is not yet available, e.g. saline aquifer prospects targeted for eventual CCS development.
Design, Optimization, and Visualization of Wellbore Trajectory in 3D
Authors: Sahebi Hamed , Wiktorski Ekaterina , Sui Dan
Published: April 2022

Well planning and well trajectory design in particular is a complex iterative process, which typically takes several months and significant effort from drilling engineers and other field professionals. When several wells are drilled from the same platform or subsea template, tubular program, cement program, and mud program are rather consistent from one well to another. The biggest challenge lies in wellbore design, which should allow fast, cost-efficient, and problem-free drilling and subsequent casing- and lower completion running.

This paper presents 3D wellbore trajectory design and visualization modules within an in-house well planning web software developed at the University of Stavanger. The design and optimization module allows users to construct 3D wellbore trajectories using Bezier curves and optimize them with respect to the geomechanical and hydraulic characteristics using a principle of hydraulic mechanical specific energy (HMSE) and minimum drilling time. Other optimization criteria have been already developed separately from the simulator and will be included in the later release.

The visualization module provides a 3D picture of the well under construction with respect to the offset wells, statistics visualization and data filtering of the drilled wellbore sections to determine, for instance, high ROP and low tortuosity areas. Volve data set, released by Equinor in 2018, was used for the development and testing of the modules.

It is evident that the current well design methodology has a real potential for improvement. The application of the newly developed well planning and visualization tool will reduce time the iterative process takes, from hours and days to just several minutes. The advanced visualization tool will aid wellbore construction by providing well planners and drilling engineers with information about possible problem areas and opportunities during drilling. The new approach to wellbore trajectory design will make the well planning more interactive, robust and time-effective.
Energy Efficient Operation of Petroleum Production Plants
Authors: Holt Torleif , Schümann Heiner
Published: April 2022

The use of energy and the possibilities for energy recovery from pressurised fluid streams has been analysed for a petroleum production plant connected to an undersaturated oil field that was produced by water injection. The plateau production of oil was 15900 Sm3/d and water was injected at a rate of 20670 m3/d. The produced fluids arrived at the production plant at a relatively high pressure and temperature (70 bar and 82 °C). Produced oil and gas were continuously exported from the plant at 200 bara.

The power consumption in the plant could be reduced by using equipment with high efficiency. The average power over the 27-year lifetime of the field was reduced from 19.95 MW to 14.78 MW for two scenarios using different equipment. This corresponds to a reduced energy consumption and reduced CO2 emissions of 986 million kWh and 692502 tonnes, respectively. Energy can be recovered from pressurized process streams. For the hydrocarbon streams in the plant turbogenerators were considered. Pressure from produced water could be recovered by use of pressure exchangers. On average 2 MW power was recovered over the lifetime of the field, saving 486 million kWh electric energy corresponding to 341166 tonnes CO2 emissions. All energy savings above apply both to plants powered by gas turbines and electrified fields.

CO2 emissions per unit of potential combustion energy from produced petroleum was very low in the plateau phase of the production. Only late in the lifetime of the field the emissions approached and exceeded (depending on scenario) the average emissions of 5 g CO2/MJ for fields on the Norwegian Continental Shelf.

The high potential for reduced energy consumption in the petroleum production plant and for energy recovery was due to the relatively high inlet pressures to the plant and high pressures of injected water. For lower inlet pressures and better water injectivity the potential will be lower, and fields should be studied case by case. Factors such as weight and space requirements of new alternative process equipment, cost and maintenance have not been considered in this work.

In an electrified field the abundant supply of thermal energy from gas turbine exhaust will not be available. Thermal energy was available from the produced fluids and from the petroleum processing and could be sufficient e.g. for heating of housing areas and heating of process streams. If higher temperatures were needed heat pumps can be taken into use. Dedicated and field specific studies regarding use and recovery of thermal energy and possible applications of heat pumps must be done to find optimal solutions for the thermal energy demand of an electrified field, however.
Integration of Johan Sverdrup PRM 4D Data Into the Dynamic Model
Authors: Calvert Monica Anne , Tsaplin Yuri , Hansen Hans Peder
Published: April 2022

The Johan Sverdrup field PRM (permanent reservoir monitoring) system has now recorded 2 monitor surveys documenting the progression of the water flood since production and injection began in October 2019 revealing a clear 4D signal linked to the increase in water saturation.

The PRM system was installed in two stages in 2019 and 2020 and is a key component of the reservoir monitoring and data acquisition plan with yearly monitor surveys planned to monitor the water flood development. The first seismic acquisition in 2019, referred to as PRM0, covered the initial first stage of installation on the northern part of the field. Stage two of the installation was completed in 2020 and two monitor surveys have since been acquired covering the entire field, in 2020 (PRM1) and 2021 (PRM2). Clear 4D signals can be seen due to the increase in water saturation and show the waterfront moving updip as it pushes the oil towards the producers.

The Johan Sverdrup field consists primarily of the intra-Draupne sandstone and the secondary Statfjord sandstone reservoirs. The intra-Draupne sandstone has excellent reservoir quality with an average porosity of 28% and permeabilities ranging from 30-70D. The Statfjord sandstone has an average porosity and permeability of 24% and 4D, respectively. The reservoir is undersaturated and has good lateral and vertical communication. These properties lead to a measurable 4D response when water replaces oil as the water flood progresses through the reservoir.

The 4D data is an integral part of the reservoir management program, and together with the geological and production history data, is being used to update the reservoir model to further our understanding of the field development. Examples of the 4D acoustic impedance change generated via a proprietary geostatistical inversion and how it is integrated into the dynamic model will be shown.
Streamlining Oil and Gas Operations Using Data-Driven Solids Management Services
Authors: Nilsson Olof , Skåland Aksel , Arefjord Anders , Greenland Steve
Published: April 2022

With approximately 70% of the world's petroleum located in poorly consolidated reservoirs, sand production is a global challenge. This paper explains a new well testing concept to optimise and maximise the production potential. This is achieved by finding the limit of topside sand production when the sand comes from the reservoir or is accumulated in the wellbore. If the sand comes from accumulation in the wellbore, it is removed by a cleanout operation (bottom-up) and measured by weight until the well stabilises on lower sand production to be confirmed coming from the reservoir. The next step will be to adjust the well flow to the acceptable sand rate (ASR) while still flowing at a rate not to accumulate sand in wellbore. This is difficult to achieve without proper sand measurement tools. A patent-pending well- testing method has been developed using Dual vessel desander solids management systems with regular well testing information. This method provides a complete picture of the sand production at the same time as the production potential of the well is discovered and realised. This is done while simultaneously reducing the effects of erosion from solids and without sand being transported to downstream process facilities.

A dual vessel desander unit is installed during well testing to ensure sand protection for the downstream process facility. The system combines several data elements to measure solids production in real-time. The real-time data enables operators to tune wells individually for increased oil and gas production (Typically above the ASR production flow level). At the same time, ensuring produced solids are removed, measured and handled upstream of the process facility.

The method shows several benefits; including improved guidelines for a well start-up (also often referred to as a well bean-up) to avoid sand to the surface, identifying unrealised production potential while maintaining solids below the ASR, and lowering overall sand production that enters the production separator by regularly cleaning wells with dual vessel desander systems.

A case study from the North Sea is shared. An Operator utilised the method to reduce their coiled tubing cleanout operations due to continuous surveillance of sand producing wells that were brought into clean-up mode via the desander before they lost too much pressure and ceased production. ESG improvement over eight years, as the operator eliminated 20 coiled tubing clean-out operations, reducing operations cost, risks of heavy lifts, personnel mobilisations, and emissions per barrel produced.
Water Shutoff Technologies for Reduced Energy Consumption
Authors: Bergmo Per Eirik Strand , Grimstad Alv-Arne
Published: April 2022

Oil and gas operators on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) are working to reach goals of reduced CO2 emissions associated with production of hydrocarbons. Emissions from offshore operations mainly comes from generation of power required for processing and drainage of the oil and gas fields. Therefore, one option for reducing emissions is to reduce the energy consumption associated with water injection and production. Inflow control devices and smart wells have traditionally been used to increase oil production. They can also have benefits like reducing need for lifting produced water to platform and reducing volume of injected water necessary to maintain production.

The LowEmission Centre (LowEmission) is an eight-year research program managed by SINTEF that aims to develop technologies and solutions for reduced offshore greenhouse gas emissions on the NCS in line with the emission goals of the government and the petroleum industry. This paper presents work performed in the centre on modelling and simulating the effect of autonomous inflow control devices on oil and water production profiles and on energy use for water injection. The largest potential for this technology seems to be for long horizontal wells with autonomous devices that can discriminate between and constrain selected phases flowing into the well. The specific inflow technology investigated can discriminate between phases based on their (reservoir) densities.

Reducing water production will reduce the need for lift in wells with high water production. It is demonstrated that a reduction in water production will also reduce the need for water injection, giving opportunities for reduced energy use in the drainage process. Restricting water production can also give a reduced oil production rate, however this reduction is modest compared to the reduction in water production.
Reducing Subsurface Uncertainties by Ensemble Based Methods
Authors: Ahmed Ary N. , Grunhagen Henrike , Moyano Bernardo , Andersen Charlotte Faust , Bøyum Eivind , Mohamad Radzieman , Bolandtaba Saeed Fallah , Ben Mansour Wesam , Ajala Olawale Ibrahim , Sadigov Subhi
Published: April 2022

The Brage field was discovered in 1980 and started production from its Fensfjord reservoir in 1993.

The Fensfjord Fm. is a highly heterogeneous reservoir with low STOIIP density. Lack of zonal control and several drainage strategies throughout the years make production allocation and drainage history very complex. Thus, achieving a full field history match in the Fensfjord reservoir through deterministic modeling has always been a challenge.

Current STOIIP estimates indicate that there is room for several more producers. However, identification of target areas for future wells are associated with high uncertainties. Using advanced stochastic modeling and ensemble-based methods has reduced the uncertainties and thereby improved the history match quality and understanding of the reservoir.

Bayesian statistical methods have been applied to combine the structural and well path TVD uncertainties, and generate multiple realizations of the top reservoir surface, isochores and well trajectories, serving as additional history matching parameters. Based on this input, an ensemble of static models was iteratively conditioned to the dynamic data resulting in a significant improvement of the history match quality.

Sensitivity analysis have been performed to identify and breakdown the impact of the uncertain parameters on the in-place volumes.

This paper shows how the new integrated approach has increased the predictive power of the model, resulting in identification of several infill targets for future drilling campaigns.
Persistent Reservoir Management to Handle Unintended Crossflow Between Multiple Gas-Oil Zones in the Alvheim Field
Authors: Langaas Kåre , Stenvold KolbjØrn , Skjærpe Ivar , Hjellbakk Andor
Published: April 2022

When drilling the East Kameleon structure in the Alvheim field in 2010, two pilot wells proved multiple and stacked hydrocarbon accumulations. The lower oil zone was developed in 2012 with a horizontal MLT well. When drilling the upper zone in 2014, the completion job failed, causing an undesirable zonal crossflow. A reservoir management strategy had to be established to secure long-term area development.

To mitigate undesirable crossflow across the stuck sand screens, the well was filled with cement. A new horizontal producer was subsequently drilled and successfully completed to recover the oil from the upper zone. With potential lower-upper zonal crossflow, the reservoir model was updated to analyse the reservoir management options. Three scenarios were considered regarding zonal crossflow: a) No crossflow due to a successful cement plug, b) restricted crossflow representing mud/cement impairment, and c) fully open-hole crossflow without flow restrictions.

A reservoir management strategy was established in 2015 to monitor zonal pressures and restrict upper zone production to minimize unwanted gas crossflow. Reservoir simulations showed that this was key to secure the oil recovery of the lower zone. The upper producer came on-stream with a high GOR, indicating gas crossflow according to scenario (b). From 2015 to 2020, the upper producer was choked back to low offtake rates. After five years with the lower zone oil recovery optimized, the reservoir management strategy allowed high offtake of the upper zone. Today, the upper horizontal well is one of the best oil producers in the Alvheim area, producing at a high oil rate with a declining GOR trend. The reality and the updated history matched reservoir model support scenario (b) as postulated in 2015. Analysis of recent pressure data has also strengthened the geological understanding of stratigraphical compartmentalization in this turbiditic sand deposit.

This case study can act as an example of how to establish a reservoir management strategy in a complex multiple gas-oil zonal reservoir setting. It can also provide insight into the level of formation impairment when cementing a long horizontal well with stuck sand screens.
Air quality in Germany as a contributing factor to morbidity from COVID-19
Authors: Koch Susanne , Hoffmann² Christina , Caseiro³ Alexandre , Ledebur Marie , Menk Mario , von Schneidemesser³ Erika
Published: April 2022

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been spreading in Germany since January 2020, with regional differences in incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Long-term exposure to air pollutants as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen monoxide (NO), ozone (O3), and particulate matter (<10µm PM10, < 2.5µm PM2.5,) has a negative impact on respiratory functions. We analyze the association between long-term air pollution and the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Germany on county-level, investigating the association between long-term (2010-2019) air pollutant exposure and COVID-19 incidence, morbidity, and mortality rate during the first outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. We used negative binominal models, including adjustment for risk factors (age, sex, days since first COVID-19 case, population density, socio-economic and health parameters). Results: After adjustment for risk factors in the tri-pollutant model (NO2, O3, PM2.5) an increase of 1µg/m³ NO2 was associated with an increase of the need for intensive care due to COVID-19 by 4.2% (95% CI 1.011–1.074), and mechanical ventilation by 4.6% (95% CI 1.010–1.084). A tendency towards an association of NO2 with COVID-19 incidence was indicated, as the results were just outside of the defined statistical significance (+1.6% (95% CI 1.000 -1.032)). Long-term annual mean NO2 level ranged from 4.6µg/m³ to 32µg/m³.Conclusions: Our results indicate that long-term NO2 exposure may have increased susceptibility for COVID-19 morbidity in Germany. The results demonstrate the need to reduce ambient air pollution to improve public health. Trial registration number and date of registration: not applicable
Computational Metadata Generation Methods for Biological Specimen Image Collections
Authors: Karnani Kevin , Pepper Joel , Bakis Yasin , Wang Xiaojun , Bart Henry , Breen David , Greenberg Jane
Published: April 2022

Metadata is a key data source for researchers seeking to apply machine learning (ML) to the vast collections of digitized biological specimens that can be found online. Unfortunately, the available metadata is often sparse and, at times, erroneous. This paper extends previous research with the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) collection (7,244 specimen images) using computational approaches to analyze image quality, and then automatically generate 22 metadata properties representing the image quality and morphological features of the specimens. In the research reported here, we demonstrate the extension of our initial work to University of Wisconsin Zoological Museum (UWZM) collection (4,155 specimen images). Further, we enhance our computational methods in four ways: 1) augmenting the training set, 2) applying contrast enhancement, 3) upscaling small objects, and 4) refining of our processing logic. Together these new methods improved our overall error rates from 4.6% to 1.1%. These enhancements also allowed us to compute an additional set of 17 image-based metadata properties. The new metadata properties provide supplemental features and information that may also be used to analyze and classify the fish specimens. Examples of these new features include convex area, eccentricity, perimeter, skew, etc. The newly refined process further outperforms humans in terms of time and labor cost, as well as accuracy, providing a novel solution for leveraging digitized specimens with ML. This research demonstrates the ability of computational methods to enhance the digital library services associated with the tens of thousands of digitized specimens stored in open-access repositories world-wide by generating accurate and valuable metadata for those repositories.
The effect of peppermint essential oil (Supermint Drop) on gastric residual volume among Intensive care unit patients with mechanical ventilation receiving tube (gavage) Feedings: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Fatemeh , bilondi Sina Sabeti , Sahebanmaleki Mohsen , Mend Javad Asari –Sani- , Tavakolizadeh Mitra , Aalami Hosein , Noghabi Ali Delshad
Published: April 2022

Background
Delayed gastric emptying is a prevalent problem in intensive care unit (ICU) patients on mechanical ventilation receiving enteral nutrition. This study was aimed to assess the effect of peppermint essential oil (Supermint drops) on gastric emptying in these patients.
Methods
In this clinical trial study, 60 mechanically ventilated ICU patients were randomly assigned to Supermint and control groups. From the first day of their feeding, patients in the intervention and control groups received 20 drops of the Supermint and placebo solutions, mixed with 40 ml of water, three times daily for four days. The gastric residual volume (GRV) was measured at the baseline and during four days of intervention. Data were analyzed using a generalized estimation equation (GEE) regression model.
Results
The mean age of patients was 71.5 (SD = 14.2), and 65.5% were hospitalized for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The GEE regression model results showed that SuperMint significantly reduces the mean of GRV when compared to placebo (p < 0.001); for each unit increase in time, the average of GRV in the Supermint group was 1.16 (95% confidence interval: 0.75, 1.57) lower than the placebo group. GRV showed a non-significant increase of 0.07 for each unit increase in time in the control group, whereas it decreased significantly by 1.09 in the Supermint group.
Conclusion
The current study's findings were encouraging and indicated that peppermint essential oil could be used in GVR reduction in ICU patients on mechanical ventilation. Further study are needed to confirm this finding, especially among COVID-19 patients.
The effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation in children after propofol anaesthesia
Authors: Jin D , Feng Z.X , Guan X , LIU H.Y , Xu X.B , Yuen V. M , M.G Irwin
Published: April 2022

Background: Both dexmedetomidine and propofol based anaesthesia are effective in reducing the incidence of emergence agitation in children. We investigated the efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication in reducing emergence agitation in children undergoing circumcision.Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. The primary outcome was the incidence of emergence agitation with and without intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication. Healthy children aged 5–12 years, scheduled for circumcision were randomly assigned to receive dexmedetomidine or placebo as premedication. Post-anaesthesia emergence agitation was assessed using the Post-Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) Scale.Results: Eighty-two children received intranasal dexmedetomidine and 83 children received intranasal saline. No patients in the dexmedetomidine group and one from the control group exhibited post-anaesthesia delirium with PAED > 10 (0 % vs. 1.2%, p > 0.99). Thirty-one out of 82 children (37.8%) receiving dexmedetomidine were satisfactorily sedated before induction, and 4 out of 83 (4.8%) after placebo (p < 0.001). Use of dexmedetomidine was associated with significantly reduced propofol use (24.0 mg.kg-1.hr-1 vs. 28.1 mg.kg-1.hr-1, p < 0.001) and a longer wake up time (58 vs. 46 minutes, p < 0.001). There was no difference in the use of analgesia in the recovery period nor in the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting.Discussion: Dexmedetomidine premedication has a pre-anaesthesia sedative effect and reduces propofol requirements intraoperatively but does not reduce emergence agitation in children who had propofol based anaesthesia for circumcision. Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registry of China(http://www.chictr.org.cn,ChiCTR2000032897).Retrospectively registered on 15/05/ 2020.
Adapting a Pregnancy App to Address Disparities in Healthcare Access Among an Emerging Latino Community: Qualitative Study using Implementation Science Frameworks
Authors: Castillo Anabel F. , Davis Alexander L. , Krishnamurti Tamar
Published: April 2022

Background: Digital mobile health (mHealth) applications are a popular form of prenatal education and care delivery in the U.S.; yet there are few Spanish language options for native speakers. Furthermore, existing applications do not consider cultural differences and disparities in healthcare access, including those specific to Emerging Latino Communities. Objective: This research uses iterative qualitative methods based on the Transcreation and Health Equity Implementation Framework to assess the needs of Latino pregnant individuals for the design of a mHealth pregnancy application. We then adapt an existing application, initially developed for native English speakers, to meet those needs.Methods: We use a three-step culturally-sensitive process to translate a mHealth app to meet the needs of pregnant Latino immigrants living in the United States. Interviews with stakeholders (n = 12) who advocate for the needs of pregnant individuals in an emerging Latino community were used as inputs to identify domains of possible disparities in access to prenatal care. We then conducted semi-structured interviews with peripartum Latino users (n = 14) to understand their perspectives within those domains. We identified a list of topics to create educational material for the modified App and implemented a systematic translation approach to ensure that the new version was acceptable for immigrants from different countries in Latin America. Results: The interviews with stakeholders revealed seven critical domains that need to be addressed in an adapted prenatal app: language barriers, financial barriers, social support, immigration status, cultural differences, healthcare accessibility, and connection to population-specific language-appropriate local resources. The interviews with peripartum women informed how the existing content in the App could be adjusted or built upon to address these issues, including providing information on accessing language-appropriate care and community support. Finally, we used a systematic approach to translate the existing application and create new content. This work illustrates an approach for culturally-sensitive language translation of digital tools focusing on addressing existing health disparities.
Acceleration of Esophageal Wound Healing by Anisotropically Aligned Smooth Muscle Cell-Laden Nanofibrous Patch
Authors: Yeo Miji , Yoon Jung Won , Park Gyu Tae , Shin Sung-Chan , Song Young-Cheol , Cheon Yong-Il , Lee Byung-Joo , Kim Geun Hyung , Kim Jae Ho
Published: April 2022

Esophageal tissue engineering is proposed to repair damaged esophagus, which requires peristalsis via directional alignment and movement of smooth muscle. Cell electrospinning is an effective technique to produce aligned muscle tissues by directly encapsulating living cells into micro/nanofibers. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in response to treatment with transforming growth factor-β1. In this study, cell electrospinning or three dimensional bioprinting were used to generate anisotropic or random alignment of MSCs and MSC-derived SMCs. Cell electrospinning resulted in more aligned and elongated forms of MSCs and SMCs than bioprinting. SMCs aligned via cell electrospinning exhibited upregulated expression of SMC-specific markers (alpha-smooth muscle actin, calponin, SM22α, and desmin), SMC-associated extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, collagen types I and IV), and connexin 43, the principal gap junction protein in SMCs. The electrospun SMC was fabricated in a patch form and transplanted into a rat esophageal defect model. Transplantation of the smooth muscle patch promoted muscle regeneration and vascularization in esophageal wounds. Taken together, these results suggest that transforming growth factor-β1-induced differentiation of MSCs to SMCs and anisotropic alignment of SMCs can be applied to engineer smooth muscle tissues and treat gastrointestinal perforation.
Effect of multimodal prehabilitation on major outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after emergency percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage in the elderly patients - A real-world based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ge Yunpeng , Li Chen , Liu Yuan , Wu Mingxiao , Wang Lijuan , Liu Qingmei , Li Lei , Chen Jian , Song Jinghai , Xu Jingyong
Published: April 2022

Background & aims:
Multimodal prehabilitation is a new concept of preoperative management. We aimed to study the effectiveness of multimodal prehabilitation in the elderly patients who would receive laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) after emergency percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) .
Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study. Consecutive patients undergoing LC after emergency PTGBD between January 2020 to April 2021 were recruited. Patients over 70years old were treated by multimodal prehabilitation before LC including nutrition support, exercise and psychological interventions as prehabilitation group. Other patients were included as the control group. Perioperative parameters and outcomes were compared between groups.
Results
43 cases were included in this research.24 cases were in the prehabilitation group. Comparing the prehabilitation and control groups, no statistical difference was detected in the laboratory examination before LC except hemoglobin and albumin. There were also no statistical difference in the rates of postoperative complications (8.33%vs.5.26%, P = 0.144) and conversion to open surgery (8.33%vs.5.26%, P = 0.144).
Conclusion
Multimodal prehabilitation could make the rate of major outcomes of LC after emergency PTGBD close to the young patients in the elderly patients.
Measurement Feedback System Implementation in “Real World” Children’s Mental Health Treatment: A Mixed Methods Analysis
Authors: Sichel Corianna , Connors Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Background
Prior studies indicate the effectiveness of measurement-based care (MBC), an evidence-based practice, in improving and accelerating positive outcomes for youth receiving behavioral health services. MBC is the routine collection and use of client-reported progress measures to inform shared decision making and collaborative treatment adjustments, and is a relatively feasible and scalable clinical practice, particularly well-suited for under-resourced community mental health settings. However, uptake of MBC remains low, so information on individual clinician-level determinants related to MBC practice patterns is needed.
Methods
Quantitative and qualitative data from N = 80 clinicians who implemented MBC using a measurement feedback system (MFS) were merged to understand and describe clinician determinants of practice. Quantitative, latent class analysis was used to identify clinician groups based on their ratings of MFS acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. Qualitative analyses of clinicians’ responses to open-ended questions about their MFS use and feedback about the MFS and implementation supports were conducted separately to understand barriers and facilitators to MFS implementation. Mixing occurred during interpretation, by examining clinician experiences and opinions across groups.
Results
We identified two classes of clinicians: “Implementers” and “Non-Implementers,” and found similarities and differences in MFS use across groups. Compared to Non-Implementers, clinicians in the Implementor group reported facilitators at a higher rate. Four determinants of practice were associated with the uptake of MBC and MFS in youth-serving community mental health settings for all clinicians: clarity, appropriateness and feasibility of the MFS and its measures, clinician knowledge and skills; client preferences and behaviors; and incentives and resources (e.g., time; continuing educational support). Findings also highlighted the need for individual-level implementation strategies to target clinician needs, skills, and perceptions for future MBC and MFS implementation efforts.
Conclusion
This study has implications for the adoption of evidence-based practices, such as MBC, in the context of community-based mental health services for youth.
Is integrating spirituality into postpartum care can improve the quality of life in women with preeclampsia
Authors: Rasouli Robab , Maleki Azam , Zenoozian Saeedeh
Published: April 2022

Background: Women with a history of preeclampsia frequently have a lower level of physical well-being and emotional problems.Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of integrating spirituality into postpartum care can improve the quality of life in women with preeclampsia.Methods: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on 40 women with preeclampsia. All eligible participants were allocated to two control and intervention groups using a random blocking method. Data were collected using Mother-Generated Index (MGI) in pre-intervention and six weeks later and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and independent t-tests. The significance level was p <0.05.Results: The mean, Standard deviation (SD) of the total score of MGI before intervention in the counselling group was 5.35(1.09) which increased to 8.00(0.50) six weeks after intervention. In the control group, it was 5.81(0.97) before intervention and 6.69(1.37) six weeks after intervention. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant after the intervention based on an independent t-test (p=0.001).The mean (SD) of five subscales included Feelings towards herself, Feelings toward the child, Feelings toward her husband and others, Feelings toward sex, and Physical health status after intervention in the counselling group statistically significant increased compared to the control group(p>0.011).Conclusion: It can be concluded that spiritual counselling had a positive impact on improving the postpartum QoL of women with preeclampsia. Therefore, the integration of spiritual counselling with the educational content of postpartum care is recommended. Also, it can be used for planning suitable interventions among parturient women.Trial registration: The study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website and available via URL: https://en.irct.ir/user/trial/50832/viewThe Registration Number (IRCT Id) IRCT20150731023423N16 Registration date: 01/10/2020 Trial Id :50832
Derived faunivores are the forerunners of major synapsid radiations
Authors: Hellert Spencer , Grossnickle David , Lloyd Graeme , Kammerer Christian , Angielczyk Kenneth
Published: April 2022

Evolutionary radiations generate most of Earth’s biodiversity, but are there common ecomorphological traits among the progenitors of radiations? In Synapsida (mammalian total group), ‘small-bodied faunivore’ has been hypothesized as the ancestral state of most major radiating clades, but this has not been quantitatively assessed across multiple radiations. To examine macroevolutionary patterns in a phylogenetic context, we generated a time-calibrated meta-phylogeny (‘metatree’) comprising 2,128 synapsid species from the Carboniferous through the Eocene (305–34 Ma), based on 270 published character matrices. We used comparative methods to investigate body size and dietary evolution during successive synapsid radiations. Faunivory is the ancestral diet of each major synapsid radiation, but small body size is only established as the common ancestral state of radiations near the origin of Mammaliaformes in the Late Triassic. The faunivorous ancestors of synapsid radiations typically have numerous novel characters compared to their contemporaries, and these derived traits may have helped them to survive faunal turnover events and subsequently radiate.
Air pollution and tear lactoferrin among dry eye disease modification by stress and allergy: a case–control study of taxi drivers
Authors: Yu Fei , Hao Wei , Kong Fanxue , Song Wei , Zhang Lei , Xu Xueying , Ren Zhongjuan , Li Jing
Published: April 2022

Few studies have explored the possible associations between air pollution and tear lactoferrin (Lf) levels, a non-invasive biological marker of ocular surface diseases, among taxi drivers, while none have explored the modifications by of stress and allergic tendencies in the relationship. We recruited 1,905 taxi drivers with dry eye disease (DED) and 3,803 non-DED controls in Liaoning, China, 2012–2014. After physical examination and questionnaires were recorded, ocular surface were measured and tear Lf was determined by electrophoresis. Air pollutants and humidity were estimated by measured concentrations from monitoring stations. Conditional logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations of air pollutants and humidity with tear Lf levels. Among taxi drivers with stress or allergic tendencies, with an IQR (26 µg/m3, 10 µg/m3) increase in PM10 and NO2 levels, adjusted odds ratio was elevated by 1.89 (95% CI, 1.19 to 3.08) or 1.77 (95% CI, 1.06 to 2.90), and 2.87 (95% CI, 1.60 to 3.58) or 2.93 (95% CI, 1.64 to 3.83), respectively. In contrast, humidity was inversely associated for taxi drivers with stress [0.51 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.64)] or allergic tendencies [0.49 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.84)] and taxi drivers without stress [0.33 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.39)] or without allergic tendencies [0.39 (95% CI, 0.19 to 0.59)]. Tear Lf was negatively associated with each quartile of PM10 or NO2 exposure, and low humidity. PM10, NO2, and low humidity were inversely associated with Lf levels, especially for DED taxi drivers with stress and allergic tendencies.
Nomogram for predicting overall and cancer-specific survival in elderly patients (≥65 years) with epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Tan Mingzi , Zhu Liancheng , Gao Jian
Published: April 2022

Background: Current evidence suggests that the morbidity and mortality of ovarian cancer in elderly patients have increased over the past few years. To date, there are no standard treatment guidelines for elderly (65 years and older) patients with ovarian cancer. This study aimed to use the SEER database to extract relevant clinicopathological data and construct a nomogram to predict the prognosis of elderly patients with ovarian cancer that could assist clinicians during clinical decision-making and improve the prognosis of this patient population.Methods: We screened a total of 22,181 eligible patients. The collected patient information was randomly assigned to a training cohort (n = 15529) and validation cohort (n = 6652) at a ratio of 7:3. COX and LASSO analyses were used to screen the overall survival rate and tumor-specific survival rate of elderly ovarian cancer patients. The independent risk factors were used to establish a nomogram using the rms package. The predictive and clinical utility of nomograms was assessed using concordance index, area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve and Decision curve analysis. Kaplan Meier analysis further stratified and analyzed the overall survival rates of patients in the high and low-risk groups to evaluate the stratification ability of the nomogram.Results: Our nomogram yielded significantly better performance than the AJCC staging system in predicting overall survival and tumor-specific survival prognosis in elderly (65 years and older) ovarian cancer patients. Survival curve analysis showed that the nomogram has excellent risk stratification ability.Conclusions: Our nomogram could effectively predict the overall survival rate and tumor-specific survival rate of elderly patients with ovarian cancer (65 years old and above) to help clinicians make individual survival predictions and provide improved treatment recommendations.
Three-dimensional evaluation of micromotion in two different short stem designs in cementless total hip arthroplasty: a finite element analysis
Authors: Kanaizumi Arata , Daisuke Suzuki , Nagoya Satoshi , Tateda Kenji , Kosukegawa Ima , Shimizu Junya , Nakahashi Naoya , Kizawa Fumiya , Teramoto Atsushi , Yamashita Toshihiko
Published: April 2022

Background: Evaluation of micromotion in various activities in daily life is essential to　the assessment of initial fixation of cementless short stems in total hip arthroplasty. This study sought to evaluate three-dimensionally the micromotion of two types of cementless short stem.Methods: Two types of stems were used: the Fitmore stem with a rectangular cross-section (rectangular stem) and the octagonal-oval GTS stem with fins (finned stem). Finite element analysis was used to calculate the micromotion of two activities that place a heavy load on the stem (single-leg stance and stair climbing). Three values were measured: the magnitude of micromotion (mean and 95th percentile), the location of micromotion above the 95th percentile value, and the directions of the micromotion vector.Results: There was no significant difference in the magnitude or 95th percentile of the micromotion between the rectangular stem and finned stem groups for single-leg stance or stair climbing. In both groups, the micromotion was greatest at the proximal and distal ends. The direction of the micromotion was similar in both groups; internal rotation occurred from the distal to the middle of the stem during stair climbing.Conclusions: The rectangular stem had comparable initial fixation to that of the finned stem. In both models, the micromotion was greater at the proximal and distal ends. The direction of the micromotion was not dependent on the stem shape but on the direction of the load on the artificial femoral head. These results will be important for stem selection and future stem development.
Fingerprinting the North-Atlantic and Arctic oscillation signals in rainfall and fresh snowpack in the western Carpathian Mountains
Authors: Onderka Milan , Pecho Jozef
Published: April 2022

Time-varying relationships between two atmospheric oscillation modes and precipitation (rainfall and snow) in the western portion of the Carpathian Mountains and the northern part of the Pannonian Plain are investigated in this paper. The Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) modes were used to explain the intra-annual variability of monthly rainfall totals and fresh snow over a 37year period (1981 – 2017) observed at a dense network of 177 rain gauges and 33 snow rods located throughout the investigated, respectively. The Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) was deployed as a band-pass filter to quantify the spectral coherence and attribution (based on signal-to-noise ratio) of the NAO and AO modes to the precipitation variability. The temporal and spatial patterns of NAO and AO-related signal variance in monthly rainfall totals and fresh snowpack were evaluated on seasonal and monthly bases. The NAO mode explained the major historically observed snow calamities as was the snowy cold spell of January 1985 that hit central and southern Europe bringing heavy snowfall to the investigated region and many other parts of Europe. This event was the beginning of a prolonged cold wave in Europe, with extremely low air temperatures across the continent. Our analyses showed that the AO mode appears to have only a limited effect on the overall variability of fresh snowpack in late winter. The attribution of NAO and AO modes to the variability of monthly rainfall totals is less pronounced compared to fresh snowpack.