bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability and Convergence of Two Three-Field Finite Element Formulations for Elasticity
Authors: Chama A. , Reddy B. D.
Published: May 2014

In this work analyses are carried out to verify the well-posedness of two three-field formulations for linear elasticity that have been shown to work well in practice, but for which analyses are absent. Both are formulated in three dimensions on tetrahedral elements. The first has as primary unknowns the displacement, pressure, and dilatation, and the second is a formulation with primary unknowns the displacement, pressure and enhanced strain, with the space of enhanced strains spanned by functions that are bubble functions on a surface of the element. It is shown that the first-mentioned formulation is a special case of a general three-field formulation, for which well-posedness conditions have been established. These conditions are used here to show that the pressure-dilatation-displacement formulation is uniformly convergent in the incompressible limit. The pressure-enhanced strain-displacement formulation is not amenable to such an approach; instead, it is reformulated in the form of a standard discrete saddle point problem, and the uniform convergence of the formulation established directly by verifying the ellipticity and inf-sup conditions.
Recurrent fetal seizures diagnosed in the offspring of consanguineous parents
Authors: Benjamin Tara , Hines Karrie A. , Khozaim Kareem , Schubert Frank P.
Published: May 2014

Fetal seizures are relatively rare and most often associated with anomalies or adverse neonatal outcome. We describe a patient who presented in both her G1 and G2 pregnancies with fetal seizures. The second pregnancy was a twin gestation in which only one twin was affected. The fetal seizures were noted by the patient as “extreme rhythmic movement” and were observed on ultrasound. Both neonates were diagnosed with a seizure disorder within 1 day of life. Currently, the seizures are controlled by medication; however, both children have some developmental delay. Additionally, the patient and her partner are consanguineous, suggesting a likely genetic etiology. In utero diagnosis of fetal seizures warrants a multidisciplinary approach to attempt to further define prognosis and provide appropriate treatment and counseling.
Structural changes in spruce wood during different steps of steam explosion pretreatment
Authors: Muzamal Muhammad , Jedvert Kerstin , Theliander Hans , Rasmuson Anders
Published: May 2014

Steam explosion (SE) is a promising hydrothermal pretreatment technology for future biorefineries. In this study, the three steps of the steam explosion process, (1) the steam treatment (2) the explosion, and (3) the impact step were separately considered and their effects on structural changes of wood were studied. The SE experiments were performed on single wood pieces in different experimental set-ups at 7 and 14 bar pressure with 5 and 10 min treatment times. Mercury porosimetry and environmental scanning electron microscopy analyses were conducted to characterise both internal and external changes in the wood. It was found that the explosion step is not responsible for the disintegration of the wood material into small pieces; instead, the disintegration occurs due to impact of softened wood chips. However, the porosity profiles of the tracheids change during the explosion step. Altogether, all three steps of the SE process contribute in a synergistic way to an increase in pore size and total intrusion volume.
Structural insights into calmodulin/Munc13 interaction
Authors: Herbst Sabine , Lipstein Noa , Jahn Olaf , Sinz Andrea
Published: May 2014

Munc13 proteins are essential presynaptic regulators that mediate synaptic vesicle priming and play a role in the regulation of neuronal short-term synaptic plasticity. All four Munc13 isoforms share a common domain structure, including a calmodulin (CaM) binding site in their otherwise divergent N-termini. Here, we summarize recent results on the investigation of the CaM/Munc13 interaction. By combining chemical cross-linking, photoaffinity labeling, and mass spectrometry, we showed that all neuronal Munc13 isoforms exhibit similar CaM binding modes. Moreover, we demonstrated that the 1-5-8-26 CaM binding motif discovered in Munc13-1 cannot be induced in the classical CaM target skMLCK, indicating unique features of the Munc13 CaM binding motif.
Selective modulation of plasmodial Hsp70s by small molecules with antimalarial activity
Authors: Cockburn Ingrid L. , Boshoff Aileen , Pesce Eva-Rachele , Blatch Gregory L.
Published: May 2014

Plasmodial heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) chaperones represent a promising new class of antimalarial drug targets because of the important roles they play in the survival and pathogenesis of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. This study assessed a set of small molecules (lapachol, bromo-β-lapachona and malonganenones A, B and C) as potential modulators of two biologically important plasmodial Hsp70s, the parasite-resident PfHsp70-1 and the exported PfHsp70-x. Compounds of interest were assessed for modulatory effects on the steady-state basal and heat shock protein 40 (Hsp40)-stimulated ATPase activities of PfHsp70-1, PfHsp70-x and human Hsp70, as well as on the protein aggregation suppression activity of PfHsp70-x. The antimalarial marine alkaloid malonganenone A was of particular interest, as it was found to have limited cytotoxicity to mammalian cell lines and exhibited the desired properties of an effective plasmodial Hsp70 modulator. This compound was found to inhibit plasmodial and not human Hsp70 ATPase activity (Hsp40-stimulated), and hindered the aggregation suppression activity of PfHsp70-x. Furthermore, malonganenone A was shown to disrupt the interaction between PfHsp70-x and Hsp40. This is the first report to show that PfHsp70-x has chaperone activity, is stimulated by Hsp40 and can be specifically modulated by small molecule compounds.
Low mRNA expression levels of kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) predict short-term relapse in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Foteinou Emmanouela , Kontos Christos K. , Giotakis Aris I. , Scorilas Andreas
Published: May 2014

Several members of the family of tissue kallikrein and kallikrein-related peptidases have been suggested as promising tumor biomarkers with important prognostic significance. However, only one (KLK11) has already been studied in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) as a potential biomarker for LSCC diagnosis and/or prognosis. Our study investigated the prognostic value of kallikrein-related peptidase-4 (KLK4) mRNA expression as a molecular tissue biomarker in LSCC. For this purpose, KLK4 mRNA expression analysis was performed in 116 cancerous and 74 paired non-cancerous laryngeal tissue specimens obtained from patients that had undergone surgical treatment for primary LSCC. A remarkable downregulation of KLK4 mRNA expression was discovered in laryngeal tumors, compared to non-cancerous laryngeal tissue specimens. KLK4 mRNA expression was also shown to distinguish LSCC from non-cancerous laryngeal tissues. Furthermore, low KLK4 mRNA expression was shown to predict poor disease-free survival, independently of the histological grade and size of the malignant tumor as well as patient TNM stage. According to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, low KLK4 mRNA expression predicts short-term relapse even among patients with well-differentiated tumors or those at an early TNM stage. Thus, KLK4 mRNA positivity could be regarded as a novel independent indicator of favorable prognosis for the disease-free survival of LSCC patients.
Accuracy of Strain Solution of a Laminated Composite Plate via Galerkin's Method
Authors: Mecitoğlu Zahit , Kazancı Zafer , Balkan Demet
Published: May 2014

This paper deals with the detailed analysis and discussion of nonlinear static analysis of a laminated composite plate subjected to uniform pressure load. Governing equations of the plate are derived by the use of the virtual work principle. The geometric nonlinearity effects are taken into account with the von Kármán large deflection theory of thin plates. Approximate solutions for a simply supported plate are assumed for the plate domain. The single term approximation functions are selected by considering the nonlinear static deformations of plate. The solution is obtained using the Newmark method in MATLAB software. The plate is also modeled and analyzed using ANSYS software using SHELL91 elements. The variation of membrane, linear and nonlinear bending terms are obtained along a characteristic line on the plate and the numerical and finite element results are compared. The results are discussed in detail considering the nonlinear static behavior of the laminated composite plate and the main reasons of discrepancies are discussed. Dynamic behavior of the plate is explained considering the nonlinear static behavior.
Robert Bellarmine’s Idea of the Child Who Dies Unbaptized in the Commentary on the Summa Theologiae
Authors: Cai Yilun
Published: May 2014

In this article, we have investigated Robert Bellarmine’s view on the affliction endured by children who die without being baptized. According to Catholic doctrine, these children go to limbo because they are contaminated by original sin which can only be taken away in baptism. But there was no unanimity among theologians in the Middle Ages and the early modern era on the question whether these children endure physical sufferings. Our investigation has focused on Bellarmine’s commentary on Summa theologiae and has illustrated how he introduced man’s natural desire to see God into his affirmation of the internal suffering endured by children in limbo.
Der Verlust des Menschen Luther
Authors: Leppin Volker
Published: May 2014

The article deals with the impressive work of Gerhard Ebeling on Luther. Ebeling was successful showing the theological impact of church history in the time of the theology of the Word of God. With this, he dealt with contextual questions of the work of Luther, mainly the Late medieval roots of the reformers theology. Nevertheless, Ebeling did his interpretation in a frame of somehow atemporal thinking, losing in this the concrete biography of Martin Luther. The more he stressed the overwhelming relevance of Luther’s theology for our times, he lost the conditions of the development and articulation of this doctrine.
The Shengjing zhijie: A Chinese Text of Commented Gospel Readings in the Encounter between Europe and China in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Yanrong Chen
Published: May 2014

In the history of the Catholic mission in China from the arrival of the Jesuits in 1582 until the middle of the twentieth century, there was no Catholic Bible translation available. Nonetheless, the presence of various Chinese translations of biblical passages is significant. Among them is the Shengjing zhijie 聖經直解 (Direct/Literal Explanation of the Holy Scripture; ca. 1636–1642), written by the Portuguese Jesuit Manuel Dias (junior) 陽瑪諾 (1574–1659). It is an early translation of the gospel readings from Mass, accompanied with long commentaries and arranged in the order of the liturgical calendar. So far, this biblical, liturgical, and commentarial text has hardly been studied. This paper aims to contextualize the Shengjing zhijie in the history of both the European biblical tradition and the Chinese classical tradition from a cross-cultural perspective. Focusing on the formal traits, this paper associates the textual features of Shengjing zhijie with multiple European and Chinese sources. The scriptures and commentaries composed in the Shengjing zhijie demonstrate that this text is a creative integration of the European tradition and the Chinese tradition.
The effect of adenotonsilectomy on ghrelin, leptin, IGF-1 levels and growth parameters in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy
Authors: Salman Nergis , Ozturk Gulfer , Akin Istemihan , Kilicaslan Saffet , Demirel Fatma , Delibas Namik
Published: May 2014

Aim: The purpose of this study was to search for the effects of adenotonsillectomy (A&T) on height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), as well as changes in ghrelin, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH)-related sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).

Methods: A study cohort of 39 children clinically diagnosed with ATH-related SDB was included in this study. Twenty-three healthy children were included as controls. Height and weight standard deviation scores (SDS) and ghrelin, leptin, and IGF-1 levels of the controls were determined once; in the study group, they were determined preoperatively and in the third month postoperatively.

Results: Preoperative IGF-1 (ng/mL) and ghrelin (pg/mL) levels were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (322.51±113.10 vs. 256.96±176.73, p<0.05 and 106.08±9.75 vs. 80.11±28.50, p<0.001, respectively). The preoperative height and weight SDS values of the patients were lower than those of the controls (–0.67±1.36 vs. 0.13±1.13, p<0.05 and –0.38±1.35 vs. –0.20±1.29, respectively). The patients’ postoperative height and weight SDS values were significantly higher than their preoperative values (–0.05±1.08 vs. –0.67±1.36, p<0.0001 and 0.00±1.28 vs. –0.38±1.35, p<0.0001, respectively). The mean postoperative IGF-1 levels also were significantly higher than preoperative levels (386.05±130.06 vs. 322.51±113.10, p<0.05, respectively).

Conclusion: Plasma IGF-1 levels are lower in malnourished children, and plasma ghrelin levels are decreased after acute oral food intake and are increased in cachexia and fasting. Therefore, increased serum IGF-1 levels, height and weight SDS values, and decreased ghrelin levels detected postoperatively are useful parameters that help to monitor the development of children with adequate oral intakes.
Big3. Editorial
Authors: Lehmann Christoph , Séroussi Brigitte , Jaulent Marie-Christine
Published: May 2014

Objectives: To provide an editorial introduction into the 2014 IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics with an overview of the content, the new publishing scheme, and upcoming 25th anniversary.

Methods: A brief overview of the 2014 special topic, Big Data -Smart Health Strategies, and an outline of the novel publishing model is provided in conjunction with a call for proposals to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Yearbook.

Results: ‘Big Data’ has become the latest buzzword in informatics and promise new approaches and interventions that can improve health, well-being, and quality of life. This edition of the Yearbook acknowledges the fact that we just started to explore the opportunities that ‘Big Data’ will bring. However, it will become apparent to the reader that its pervasive nature has invaded all aspects of biomedical informatics – some to a higher degree than others. It was our goal to provide a comprehensive view at the state of ‘Big Data’ today, explore its strengths and weaknesses, as well as its risks, discuss emerging trends, tools, and applications, and stimulate the development of the field through the aggregation of excellent survey papers and working group contributions to the topic.

Conclusions: For the first time in history will the IMIA Yearbook be published in an open access online format allowing a broader readership especially in resource poor countries. For the first time, thanks to the online format, will the IMIA Yearbook be published twice in the year, with two different tracks of papers. We anticipate that the important role of the IMIA yearbook will further increase with these changes just in time for its 25th anniversary in 2016.
Three intragenic suppressors of a GTPase-deficient allele of GNAS associated with McCune–Albright syndrome
Authors: Turcic Kyle , Tobar-Rubin Raquel , Janevska Daniela , Carroll Julie , Din Eraj , Alvarez Rebecca , Haick Jennifer , Pals-Rylaarsdam Robin
Published: May 2014

Gain-of-function mutations in heterotrimeric G-protein α subunits are associated with a variety of human diseases. McCune–Albright syndrome (MAS) is caused by mutations in GNAS, the gene encoding Gs. Alterations at Arg201 significantly reduce the GTPase activity of the protein, rendering it constitutively active. In this study, we have constructed a library of random mutations in a constitutively active yeast GPA1 gene carrying a mutation homologous to the McCune–Albright allele (Arg297His). Intragenic suppressors found at sites with homology to the human Gs protein were tested for their ability to suppress the constitutive activity of an Arg201His mutation in Gs. Three intragenic suppressors, at Phe142, Arg231, and Leu266, were able to suppress elevated basal cAMP responses caused by Arg201His when expressed in HEK293 cells. A range of amino acid substitutions was introduced at each of these sites to investigate the chemical requirements for intragenic suppression. The ability of Gs proteins carrying the suppressor mutations alone to mediate receptor-induced cAMP production was measured. These results offer potential sites on Gs that could serve as drug targets for MAS therapies.
Phosphorylated AKT preserves stallion sperm viability and motility by inhibiting caspases 3 and 7
Authors: Gallardo Bolaños Juan M , Balao da Silva Carolina M , Martín Muñoz Patricia , Morillo Rodríguez Antolín , Plaza Dávila María , Rodríguez-Martínez Heriberto , Aparicio Inés M , Tapia José A , Ortega Ferrusola Cristina , Peña Fernando J
Published: May 2014

AKT, also referred to as protein kinase B (PKB or RAC), plays a critical role in controlling cell survival and apoptosis. To gain insights into the mechanisms regulating sperm survival after ejaculation, the role of AKT was investigated in stallion spermatozoa using a specific inhibitor and a phosphoflow approach. Stallion spermatozoa were washed and incubated in Biggers–Whitten–Whittingham medium, supplemented with 1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the presence of 0 (vehicle), 10, 20 or 30 μM SH5, an AKT inhibitor. SH5 treatment reduced the percentage of sperm displaying AKT phosphorylation, with inhibition reaching a maximum after 1 h of incubation. This decrease in phosphorylation was attributable to either dephosphorylation or suppression of the active phosphorylation pathway. Stallion spermatozoa spontaneously dephosphorylated during in vitro incubation, resulting in a lack of a difference in AKT phosphorylation between the SH5-treated sperm and the control after 4 h of incubation. AKT inhibition decreased the proportion of motile spermatozoa (total and progressive) and the sperm velocity. Similarly, AKT inhibition reduced membrane integrity, leading to increased membrane permeability and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential concomitantly with activation of caspases 3 and 7. However, the percentage of spermatozoa exhibiting oxidative stress, the production of mitochondrial superoxide radicals, DNA oxidation and DNA fragmentation were not affected by AKT inhibition. It is concluded that AKT maintains the membrane integrity of ejaculated stallion spermatozoa, presumably by inhibiting caspases 3 and 7, which prevents the progression of spermatozoa to an incomplete form of apoptosis.

Free Spanish abstract

A Spanish translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/148/2/221/suppl/DC1.
Defending the Majesty of Islam: Indonesia's Front Pembela Islam (FPI) 1998-2003
Authors: Jahroni Jajang
Published: May 2014

Indonesia's reformation in 1998 provided an opportunity for the resurgence of Islamic fundamentalist movements. This can be seen from the proliferation of newly formed organisations which aim at either establishing an Islamic state or applying Islamic law. The emergence of these organisations is closely related to the spirit of reformation, where people seem to be free to express their feelings. Almost every day one can see people gathering at the House of Representatives in Senayan, Jakarta, in order to express their aspirations to the members of parliament.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v11i2.601
Nahḍat al-‘Ulamā’ bay al-Bātinīyah al-Jāwīyah wa al-Taṣawwuf al-Islāmī: ‘Arḍun wa Munāqashāt
Authors: Nursamad Muhammad
Published: May 2014

Three kebatinan "holy books", Darmogandul, Gatoloco, and Wirid Hidayat Jati, are the point of focus in the analysis of doctrinal sources. The tendency of these three texts to ridicule santri(students at Islamic boarding schools or pesantren) strengthens the impression that the Dutch colonial government used kebatinan to attack Islam. At the very least, this "cultural war" was closely linked to these texts.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v11i2.604
Mumārasat al-Sulūk bi Minangkabau: Tarbīq al-Ta’ālim al-Islāmīyah ‘alā al-Thaqāfah al-Maḥallīyah
Authors: Denti Sri
Published: May 2014

This article presents discussions about "suluk (mystic) rituals" in Minangkabau, which can be seen as a form of expression of Islamic rituals, in this context tariqah (Sufi order) practices, which have been integrated into local rituals and culture. It explains that the suluk tradition in Minangkabau developed in exclusive areas, in this context the hinterland or the area of Minangkabau where matrilineal traditions are still strong, not coastal areas with quite a high level of socialisation, because social interaction is quite significant.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v11i2.605
Kitāb al-Tuḥfah al-Rāgibīn wa al-Radd ‘alā ‘Aqīdah al-Wujūdīyah bi Fālimbānj fi al-Qarn al-Thāmin ‘Ashar al-Mīlādī
Authors: Kalsum Nyimas Umi
Published: May 2014

This article tries to discuss one of religion waorks written by al-Palimbani, Tuhfah al-Ragibin, presented the discussion of the author's response towards wujudiyyah, a text that widely spread in Palembang at the time. In line with al-Raniri in Aceh, al-Palimbani divided wujudiyyah's doctrine into two categories: wujudiyyah mulhid and wujudiyyah muwahhid.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v11i3.597
Al-Ḥarakah al-Fikrīyah wa al-Turāth ‘Inda al-Shaykh Ihsan Jampes Kediri: Mulāḥaẓah Tamhīdīyah
Authors: Barizi Ahmad
Published: May 2014

This paper tries to present an early discussion on tradition and intellectual movement of Kyai Ihsan Jampes, which has not been intellectually discussed. From various legitimate sources, there are 12 religious work written by Kyai Ihsan Jampes, both in printed forms and manuscript. It worth noted, different from general works of ulama in the Malay-Indonesia world, Kyai Ihsan Jampes had never learned Islam from Middle East ulama. He had only visited Mecca and Medina, which are the center of Islamic knowledge, once. And it was purely for pilgrimage purposes. However, this did not prevent him to be a productive writer.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v11i3.598
The Mainstreaming of Pesantrens and Madrasahs in Indonesia
Authors: Jamhari Jamhari
Published: May 2014

The project of this article has focused on six strategic groups in pesantrens and madrasahs. These are: 1)Kyai (male religious leaders) and Nyai (female religious leaders) of pesantren salaf; 2) Kyai and Nyai of pesantren khalaf; 3) key community leaders; 4) principals ofmadrasah aliyahmadrasah aliyah; and 6) student leaders of madrasah aliyah.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v12i2.593
Al-Tarbīyah al-Muta’addidah al-Thaqāfātīyah: Tanmīyah al-Dimukraṭīyah bi Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Namsa M. Yunus
Published: May 2014

This article presents a comprehensive study of the conflicts in Indonesia, using the conflict in North Maluku as a case study. As is well-known, the long-drawn-out conflict that began in 1999 resulted in many deaths. The Indonesian Government reported (based on 1999-2000 data) that about 1,842 people had died as a direct result of the conflict. Of that total, the majority (1,797) were civilians, while the policemen (32) and the army soldiers (13) accounted for a small amount of the death toll. Other sources reported that the actual death toll was in fact 2,084 people, with a further 1,003 seriously wounded and 756 with minor injuries. In addition to the loss of human life, and great deal of public and private property was also lost. This included 20,241 homes, 200 schools, and 144 places for worship (both mosques and churches).DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v12i3.584
Taqālid Tuallif Kutub al-Tafsīr al-Malayūwīyah wa al-Jāwīyah wa al-Sundāwīyah: Muḥawalah li Rasm Kharīṭah
Authors: Nurtawab Ervan
Published: May 2014

This article examines the tradition of translating and interpreting the Qur'an in Javanese, Malay, and Sundanese, with a focus on manuscripts since the beginning of the 20th century. The author of this article has sought to show the dynamics of the translations and interpretations of the Qur'an in these three languages since the 17th century, while further explaining the characteristics of these works in the respective periods.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v12i3.585
The Revitalization of Islam in Southeast Asia: The Case of Darul Arqam and Jemaat Tabligh
Authors: Horstmann Alexander
Published: May 2014

Darul Arqam was founded relatively late in 7968 in Malaysia, while Jemaat Tabligh was founded 1927 in India, but is active in nearly all countries where Muslims live. Both organizations could be described as grassroots and have from the very beginning sought to revitalize Islam by emphasizing piety, da'wa, Islamic rituals and most of all, the establishment of a utopian commune. Thus this article, amongst other things, seeks to analyze the influence that these two movements have on their followers' lives and the integration of those followers into their respective utopian projects.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v13i1.576
Islam di Indonesia: Mengusung Demokrasi dengan Basis Budaya
Authors: Pranowo M. Bambang
Published: May 2014

The book begins by looking at the development of democracy in Islamic countries in both the Arab and non-Arab world. One global trend that has become evident following the Cold War, as Azra points out, has been the gradual increase in the numbers of countries that have adopted democracy. This phenomenon is not exclusive to Muslim countries. In this study, Azra cites the report, Freedom in the World 2000: The Democracy Cap, which explains the growth of democracy in lslamic countries in the Arab world where the impact has been quite clear.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v13i1.579
The Tarbiyah Movement: Why People Join This Indonesian Contemporary Islamic Movement
Authors: Salman Salman
Published: May 2014

This study seeks to explain the reasons behind people's participation in the Tarbiyah Movement in Indonesia. Although this movement has had phenomenal political and social achievements, it appears to be exclusive in the sense that it is dominated by a certain type of Indonesian Muslim. That is, as observed by the likes of Bahtiar Effendy, the core participants of the Tarbiyah Movement tend to be Muslims who are young and well-educated. This does not mean, however, that all those who fit this description join the Tarbiyah Movement. In fact, there are many of those with the same characteristics who not only do not participate in the movement but even oppose of it.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v13i2.566
Muslim Insurgencies in Southeast Asia: Intractability, the Security Dilemma, and "Islamic Factor"
Authors: Permata Ahmad-Norma
Published: May 2014

Three main points will be elaborated on in the following discussion. Firstly, the author would like to explain the chronology of the conflicts and at the same time reveal their intractable nature. Secondly, the author will analyze the cause of the conflict in terms of the security dilemma: whether the conflicts were triggered by real or assumed causes? Thirdly, the author will address the specific "Islamic" factor of the conflicts, which was denied by Southeast Asian governments as being among the features of the conflicts, and propose a more appropriate approach to it in order to reduce the intractability of the conflicts.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v13i2.567
The Guardian of the Integral Vision of Islamic Practice: The Naqshabandi Sufi Order in Indonesia
Authors: Umam Saiful
Published: May 2014

This article, particularly the discussion on pesantrens, shows that only tariqa which supports fiqh is acceptable to and practiced by kiai and santri. This contradicts Trimingham's argument that Indonesians prefer heterodox mysticism. Comparing Muslims in Africa and Indonesia, Trimingham argues that Muslims in Indonesia place more emphasis on "thinking than upon acting" and therefore "speculative mysticism" is prevalent in this countryDOI: 10.15408/sdi.v13i2.568
Al-Islām fī Indūnīsīyā: Itārujadīd
Authors: Subhan Arief
Published: May 2014

Intellectual Muslims generally began to attain prominence in the early 20th century, in line with the growing modernization of the Islamic world. During this period, the Islamic world faced colonialism and imperialism which had unthought-of of implications for the wider Muslim community. The struggle against colonialism sparked debate about jihad with a more varied and complex meaning. The cultural struggle that took place between Islam and the West gave rise to a "cultural exchange" that not only resulted in the rise of the social class that we now refer to as intellectual Muslims, but also created a new-found sense of enthusiasm and passion for debating lslamic doctrine and issues in the context of modern values.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v13i2.569
Hubungan Islam dan Politik yang Mungkin di Indonesia
Authors: Thaha Idris
Published: May 2014

The theme of the articles written by Effendy in this book is a response to the developments in the relationship between Islam and politics in Indonesia. Effendy argues that a link between lslam and politics has occurred since the earliest days of Islam in Indonesia. Historically, political nuances have been deeply influenced by dakwah islamiah, or Islamic propagation, in this countryDOI: 10.15408/sdi.v13i2.572
The Clash of Muslims and the State: Waqf and Zakat in Post Independence Indonesia
Authors: Jahar Asep Saepudin
Published: May 2014

Law no. 38/1999 on zakat administration was able to be successfully enacted not solely because the roots of democracy had began to grow in the country; but also because this law is based on the rationale purpose of zakat, that is, to help the poor. In this article, furthermore, the state is responsible to protect and provide necessary support for the poor and needy citizens, even though in fact, the state fails to do so, This is of course of great relevance considering the main aim of zakat is to improve the social and economic position of the poor.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v13i3.556
NU Studies: Sebuah Upaya Meneguhkan Posisi Penulisnya
Authors: Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman
Published: May 2014

Book Review: Ahmad Baso, NU Studies: Pergolakan Pemikiran antara Fundamentalisme Islam dan Fundamentalisme Neo-Liberal (Jakarta: Erlangga, 2006), 510 halaman + xxi.Although this book is entitled NU Studies, which gives one the impression that it constitutes an academic study about the ideological developments within NU, it is in fact more so an effort on the part of the author to advocate and strengthen his own position and opinions against those who hold opposing ideas, be they within NU or outside of the organization. As a result of this aim, it's not surprising that many contradictions and inconsistencies have made their way into the book. This is mainly because the author has employed a strategy of rejecting ideas from his opposition, often without basis, whilst promoting his own views which he considers to be appropriate with the ideology of Ahlussunnah Waljamaah as held by NU.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v13i3.564
Sharī’ah and the Politics of Pluralism in Indonesia
Authors: Lukito Ratno
Published: May 2014

Keeping in mind the Indonesian Government's policy regarding legal pluralism, this article will take a closer look at how the Government deals with the existence of both Islamic law and customary law (adat). The adoption of "state law pluralism", especially by the New Order regime since 1970s, has had an evident impact on the way the state handles the institution of adat and Islamic law (shari'ah). The question is what is the motive behind employing this strategy? This is a question that necessitates more a socio-political approach in the study of comparative law, drawing on a number of regulations and acts related to adat and Islamic law as the primary sources.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v14i2.545
PPIM Survey: Religious Courts Access and Equity
Authors: Burhanudin Jajat
Published: May 2014

The importance of religious courts initially rose with the introduction of Marriage Law no. 1, 1974 which mainly aimed to prevent arbitrary divorces, which was viewed to be a common problem among Muslims at the time. The enactment of this law meant that divorces needed to be approved by the religious court, hence acting as a disincentive for men to divorce their wives at the drop of a hat. The impact of this law is evident: the rate of divorce for Indonesian Muslims declined from 16.7% in 1955 to 1.1% in 1990. The survey looked at a range of issues related to the use of the religious courts across the nation and access to these courts. Hence the survey touched on the background of users, equity, satisfaction, accessibility, knowledge of the religious courts and the services provided, and trust in public institutions.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v14i2.554
Moderate Islamic Fundamentalism: Understanding the Political Thinking of the Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS)
Authors: Noor Firman
Published: May 2014

This article proposed the term moderate fundamentalism, as a tool in understanding the defining characteristic of the PKS. In short, the term refers to fundamentalism in a moderate perspective, enabling moderate fundamentalists to be involved in political activities adaptively and without resorting to the use of radical means. Using this term, I argue that the PKS is a part of the fundamentalist faction, differentiating it in principle from other modernist groups or parties in Indonesia. Its moderate nature, however, also differentiates it from the radical camps within the fundamentalist faction. The use of the term moderate fundamentalism allows for the observation of diversity within the fundamentalist faction and contributes to new insights into present-day Indonesian Islamic political parties.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v14i3.546
Al-Muwājahah bayn al-‘Urf wa al-Sharī’ah al-Islāmīyah fī Indūnīsīyā: Nadrah Tārīkhīyah fī al-Qānūn al-Janā’i fī Asia fī al-Fatrah 1516-1688
Authors: Yakin Ayang Utriza
Published: May 2014

Following the demise of the New order Regime in 1998, a period to become known as reformasi (reformation), the demand for the implementation of Islamic shari'ah became louder. Helped by the Regional Autonomy Laws of 1999, a number of regions in Indonesia demanded Islamic law to be implemented. Aceh was most adamant in its demand. At present, the implementation of Islamic shari'ah in Aceh has been provided with a legal basis by Law No. 44, 1999 and Law 18, 2001 on special Autonomy and the implementation of lslamic shari'ah in Aceh. The Regional Government of Nangroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) has also issued a number of practical Regional Bylaras (Qanun) including the prohibition on drinking alcoholic beverages (khamar), regulated in Qanun No. 12/2003, the prohibition on gambling (maisir) in Qanun No. 13/2003, and the disallowance of illicit sex (khalwat) in Qanun No. 14/2003.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v14i3.548
The Sharī’ah Bylaws and Human Rights in Indonesia
Authors: Salim M. Arskal
Published: May 2014

This article states: "In exercising his/her rights and freedoms, every person shall have the duty to accept the restrictions established by law for the sole purposes of guaranteeing the recognition and respect of the rights and freedoms of others and of satisfying just demands based upon considerations of morality, religious values, security and public order in a democratic society." According to some members of the legislature who are involved in the sessions of constitutional amendment. This article is an important key to understanding the issue of the implementation of human rights in Indonesia. Thus, human rights may be restricted insofar there is a national statute that instructs to do so. This provision could result in a situation where individual citizens fail to enjoy rights relating to religious freedom, since to embrace, or carry out, a particular religious interpretation, which is different to the established practice or to the majority of Muslims' understanding, will be considered heresy, and, hence, becomes unlawful and has no right to surviveDOI: 10.15408/sdi.v15i1.536
Ijtihād-Based Politics: The Muhammadiyah Political Participation in Post-Soeharto
Authors: Asyari Suaidi
Published: May 2014

Founded in 1912, Muhammadiyah claims to be the largest puritan-modernist Islamic organisation not only in Indonesia but also in the world, with more than 25 million followers. Originally Muhammadiyah was purely a religious organisation. However, after the declaration of Indonesian independence in1945, particularly after Masy'umi -of which Muhammadiyah was one of its special membership - was transformed into a political party, Muhammadiyah has been involved in Indonesian politics in one way or another. Since it was founded, Muhammadiyah promotes ijtihad as opposed to ijma' as in the case of the Nahdlatul Ulama the largest traditionalist Islamic organization founded in 1926. However, it was after the collapse of New Order regime that Muhammadiyah started to associate its political role by combining its basis of worldview that is ijtihad with political attitudes of its leaders.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v15i1.537
The Religious Market in Contemporary Indonesia: A Case Study of the Eden-Salamullah Group
Authors: Halimatussa'diyah Iim
Published: May 2014

In sociology-or more correctly sociology of religion - there exists a theory which views religion as an economic commodity. That is to say, religion is a commodity which is produced and marketed in a religious market. This theory is known as the supply-side approach. The idea of applying an economic concept to religion has been promoted by many sociologists particularly the likes of Bain-bridge, Finke, Iannaccone, and Stark. This paper examines the application of the supply-side approach, with particular focus on its application in the Indonesian context (with reference to Islam). We will further consider the possibility of the eventuation of a triple market in Indonesia, drawing on a case study of the Eden-Salamullah group.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v15i1.538
Syariat dan Reformasi Hukum di Indonesia Kontemporer
Authors: Amal Taufik Adnan
Published: May 2014

Book Review: Nadirsyah Hosen, Shari'a and Constitutional Reform in lndonesia Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies [ISEAS], Singapore, 2007; x + 271pp., bibliografi, indeksThis book clearly provides a valuable contribution to theory regarding constitutional reformation in Indonesia and the relevance of Islamic law institutions. This book is not only important for understanding political movements seeking to strengthen the role of Islam in the political and social sphere in Indonesia, but it is also significant for studies about the inclusion of aspects of Islamic law in the Constitution. For this reason, this book is certainly a must read for those studying-or simply interested in-the field of constitutional reform and law in IndonesiaDOI: 10.15408/sdi.v15i1.540
Strengthening Civic Values Through Pesantren and Madrasah
Authors: UIN Jakarta Tim PPIM
Published: May 2014

PPIM's programme intends to strengthen civic values in Indonesia through pesantrens and madrasahs, i.e. through in-service training for two target groups within these institutions of Islamic education (pesantren leaders [kyai/nyai] and teachers of religious subjects) in three locations on Java (West Java (including Banten), Central Java (including Yogyakarta), and East Java). This geographic limitation is in part due to the high concentration of pesantrens and madrasahs on the island, further to the fact that the areas are highly Islamized as indicated by their demands for the implementation of the shari'ah (Islamic law).DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v15i2.535
Distinctive Contemporary Voice: Liberal Islam Thought in Indonesia
Authors: Eliraz Giora
Published: May 2014

This paper aims to turn attention to an intriguing stream of thought in the multi-faceted and plural Islamic discourse in Indonesia, a home to the largest Muslim community in the world. This stream of thought in Indonesia attempts to connect Islamic doctrine, belief, thinking and knowledge with basic liberal themes such as separation between religion and politics, pluralism, freedom of thought, democracy, progress, human rights, gender equality and interfaith dialogue. Similarly, it also seeks to reinterpret the formative sacred texts through liberal paradigm and through contemporary context.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v15i3.523
‘I’ādah al-Tarkīb li Afkāri al-‘Ulamā’ al-Sundāwīyīn
Authors: Hasbullah Moeflich
Published: May 2014

This article is an initial endeavor to reconstruct the thoughts of Sundanese ulama. At the start, a number of dispersed writings about Sundanese ulama is introduced. Some of them concern popular works that are easily available in Indonesia such as Dadan Wildan's dissertation (2003)Cerita Sunan Gunung Djati: Keterjalinan Antara Fiksi dan Fakta. Suatu Kajian Pertalian Antarnaskah, Isi, dan Analisa Sejarah dalam Naskah-naskah Tradisi Cirebon (The story of Sunan Gunung Djati: the intertwinement of fiction and fact. A study of intertextuality, content, and a historical analysis of the Cirebon manuscript tradition). Aliefya M. Santri (1987) wrote a short paper on Martabat Alam Tujuh (Martabat Kang Pipitu), the work of Syekh Abdul Muhyi Pamijahan Tasikmalaya, the 16th century ulama who spread Islam in south West Java. Also there is Didin Hafiduddin who, in 1987 studied Syekh Nawawi al-Bantani, the great Sundsneseulama of the 19th century from Banten, and more specifically his Tafsir al-Munir.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v15i3.527
The Jakarta Workshop Dialogue accross the Cultural and Religious Divide in Southeast Asia
Authors: UIN Jakarta Tim PPIM
Published: May 2014

The overall aim of this research project has been a) to examine the implications of recent international tensions for multi-ethnic, multi-faith societies, notably in Australia and southeast Asia; b) to evaluate the adequacy of the responses to these tensions; and c) to consider, in the light of that experience, the contribution that the dialogical approach could make to the easing of societal and international tensions. The project focused on the role of governments, media, civil society, and regional organization. For this purpose, the project selected Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines as case studies, and organized two regional workshops providing a forum within which researchers, experts, and practitioners drawn primarily from these four countries were able to share their insights and analyses of the situation in their respective countriesDOI: 10.15408/sdi.v15i3.529
Disunity, Distance, Disregard: The Political Failure of Islamism in Late Colonial Indonesia
Authors: Elson Robert E.
Published: May 2014

This article examines the failure of Islamism to make a greater political impact in Indonesia through these years. That failure would have decisive ramifications for the future shape of the Indonesian state, in that it left Islamism politically and intellectually impoverished and politically marginalized in the face of the dominant claims of pseudo-secular nationalists. In part, its failure flowed from organizational and administrative weakness, but it was centrally rooted in the strategic, political and intellectual shortcomings of Islamist politicians'. That opportunity was never taken up effectively. For the most part, the list decade or so of the colonial period witnessed Islamism's intellectually unsophisticated, internally divided and counter-productive efforts to progress its agendaDOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i1.488
The Augmentation of Radical Ideas and the Role of Islamic Educational System in Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Mohd. Kamarulnizam
Published: May 2014

This article analyses how the Islamic educational system in Malaysia, particularly the role played by madrasahs and pondoks,shapes its graduates' perception and mindset. The questions that will be raised are therefore: to what extent does Islamic education in Malaysia contribute to the rise of radical Muslims? What aspects of the teachings, pedagogy and/or curriculum provided in the Islamic educational system is capable of generating feelings of hatred against non-Muslims in Malaysia's multi-religious society. Are there other independent variables that may contribute to, and explain why, the Islamic educational school system has been identified as breeding ground for Muslim terror- ism? The scope of this paper then focuses on the traditional Islamic educational system especially the partially state funded and privately run madrasahs and pondoks.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i1.490
Political Background of Islamic Educational Institutions and the Reach of the Stage in Southeast Asia
Authors: Kohno Takeshi
Published: May 2014

The school taught terrorisms this paper asserts that examining madrasahs in the context of "the war on terrors' point of view misses the real undercurrent of social transformation that is currently going on in educational institutions in Southeast Asia: the battle for control of education between the state and society. It also claims that this battle, which is not unusual in the process of nation-state building in post-colonial states, has a renewed meaning because of the age of the war on terror. In other words, the key assertion is that the current transformation of Islamic schools in Southeast Asia should be viewed within the context of the state-building process, or the state's attempts to control Islamic education. What's more is that the "the war on terror" is being treated as an opportunity by both sides to take control of the educational transformation processes.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i2.480
Naẓarīyat al-Fanā’ fī al-Turāth al-Ṣūfī al-Indūnīsī: Dirāsah Taḥlīlīyah
Authors: Bidin Masri Elmahsyar
Published: May 2014

This article attempts to analyze deeply concept of fana' that expanded by Indonesian Sufis such as Hamzah Fansuri and Muhammad Nat'is aI' Banjari, in relation with other Sufis in the Muslim zeroed such as lbnu 'Arabi, Abi Yazid al-Bustami, and al-Ghazali. Connection with Indian philosophy like Nirvana and Yoga will also be explored. In the courses of its development, the concept of fana' has triggered controversies in intellectual community, and even there it yielded some prejudices among them that this concept was religious deviation in the Muslim world. This can be seen for example in the cases of al-Hallaj as he said "And al-Haq (I am the God), and Siti Jenar as he said "there is no Siti Jenar, there is God".DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i2.484
Al-Sulṭānah fī Cirebon: Dirāsah Tārīkhīyah wa Thaqāfīyah
Authors: Tjandrasasmita Uka
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the Sultanate of Cirebon from two perspectives. First, from its historical standpoints, including its rise, development and fall. Second, from its cultural point of views covering such aspects as architecture, literature, and performing arts, which have become local traditions until nowadays. Geographically, Cirebon is located in Northern part of law coast. Its strategic location, with a number of river mouths, plays an important role for the development of Cirebon to become a harbor city for regional and international sailing and trading nativities. The position of Cirebon as a harbor city has begun since Hindu and Buddhist Kingdom of Sundanese Pajajaran, as can be seen from local archives, such as babad and carita, as well as foreign historical records.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i2.485
Ma’ālimu al-Fikr al-Islāmī qabl Ẓuhūr al-Ittijāh al-Salafī bi Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Zarkasyi Amal Fathullah
Published: May 2014

After Sunni had triumphed over Shi'i, a new conflict arose between philosophical Tasawuf and pantheism. The dominant figures in the pantheist camp included ?amzah al-Fan?uri and Shams al-D?n al-Sumatrani. This madhhab was supported by the elites in the Aceh Kingdom. Shaykh Nur al-Din al-Raniri and Shaykh 'Abd al-Ra'uf al-Singkili introduced Sunni Tasawuf into the kingdom in order to eradicate philosophical Tasawuf in influence. In the end, Shaykh Nur al-Din al-Raniri and Shaykh 'Abd al-Ra'uf succeeded in annihilating philosophical Tasawuf. DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i3.476