bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency significantly exacerbates tert‐butyl alcohol‐induced toxicity in mice
Authors: Lin Liping , Suda Megumi , Xu Chenlan , Zhang Yuehan , Yanagiba Yukie , Nie Jisheng , Nakajima Tamie , Weng Zuquan , Wang Rui‐Sheng
Published: February 2020

Owing to the use of ethyl tert‐butyl ether (ETBE) as a fuel additive, the possible adverse effects of ETBE exposure have become a public concern. Our previous study showed that ETBE‐induced toxicity in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Aldh2) gene knockout (KO) mice was caused by its primary metabolite acetaldehyde, which was toxic. However, it is unclear whether tert‐butyl alcohol (TBA), another main metabolite of ETBE, plays a role in ETBE‐induced toxicity. To investigate this relationship, we analyzed the changes of TBA concentrations in tissues after ETBE exposure, and then evaluated the toxicity after direct TBA treatment in both KO and wild‐type (WT) mice. An exposure to 500 ppm ETBE via inhalation resulted in the formation of its three metabolites, TBA, 2‐methyl‐1,2‐propanediol and ethanol, whose concentrations in the liver, brain, fat and testis of male KO mice were significantly higher than the corresponding concentrations observed in male WT mice. Direct treatment to TBA (20 mg/mL of drinking water) caused significant changes in relative organ weights and histopathology, and increased levels of genetic damages in both types of mice. These toxic effects were also seen in KO mice exposed to a lower concentration of TBA (5 mg/mL), which was associated with increased oxidative stress in serum (reduced glutathione and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio decreased). Our findings indicate that ALDH2 is involved in the metabolism of ETBE and TBA, and ALDH2 deficiency could greatly increase the sensitivity to TBA‐induced toxicity.
Handheld volumetric manual compression‐based quantitative microelastography
Authors: Fang Qi , Frewer Luke , Zilkens Renate , Krajancich Brooke , Curatolo Andrea , Chin Lixin , Foo Ken Y. , Lakhiani Devina D. , Sanderson Rowan W. , Wijesinghe Philip , Anstie James D. , Dessauvagie Benjamin F. , Latham Bruce , Saunders Christobel M. , Kennedy Brendan F.
Published: February 2020

Compression optical coherence elastography (OCE) typically requires a mechanical actuator to impart a controlled uniform strain to the sample. However, for handheld scanning, this adds complexity to the design of the probe and the actuator stroke limits the amount of strain that can be applied. In this work, we present a new volumetric imaging approach that utilizes bidirectional manual compression via the natural motion of the user's hand to induce strain to the sample, realizing compact, actuator‐free, handheld compression OCE. In this way, we are able to demonstrate rapid acquisition of three‐dimensional quantitative microelastography (QME) datasets of a tissue volume (6 × 6 × 1 mm3) in 3.4 seconds. We characterize the elasticity sensitivity of this freehand manual compression approach using a homogeneous silicone phantom and demonstrate comparable performance to a benchtop mounted, actuator‐based approach. In addition, we demonstrate handheld volumetric manual compression‐based QME on a tissue‐mimicking phantom with an embedded stiff inclusion and on freshly excised human breast specimens from both mastectomy and wide local excision (WLE) surgeries. Tissue results are coregistered with postoperative histology, verifying the capability of our approach to measure the elasticity of tissue and to distinguish stiff tumor from surrounding soft benign tissue.
Ex Vivo Organ Cultures as Models to Study Bone Biology
Authors: Bellido Teresita , Delgado‐Calle Jesus
Published: February 2020

The integrity of the skeleton is maintained by the coordinated and balanced activities of the bone cells. Osteoclasts resorb bone, osteoblasts form bone, and osteocytes orchestrate the activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. A variety of in vitro approaches has been used in an attempt to reproduce the complex in vivo interactions among bone cells under physiological as well as pathological conditions and to test new therapies. Most cell culture systems lack the proper extracellular matrix, cellular diversity, and native spatial distribution of the components of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, ex vivo cultures of fragments of intact bone preserve key cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and allow the study of bone cells in their natural 3D environment. Further, bone organ cultures predict the in vivo responses to genetic and pharmacologic interventions saving precious time and resources. Moreover, organ cultures using human bone reproduce human conditions and are a useful tool to test patient responses to therapeutic agents. Thus, these ex vivo approaches provide a platform to perform research in bone physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we describe protocols optimized in our laboratories to establish ex vivo bone organ cultures and provide technical hints and suggestions. In addition, we present examples on how this technical approach can be employed to study osteocyte biology, drug responses in bone, cancer‐induced bone disease, and cross‐talk between bone and other organs © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Applying visual analytics to fraud detection using Benford's law
Authors: Goh Clarence
Published: February 2020

Benford's law has been examined as a useful tool for detecting potential accounting fraud. In this article, I provide an introduction to Benford's law and examine how the first digit, second digit, and first‐two digits tests in Benford's law can be employed to detect potential accounting fraud. In addition, I also highlight, through a worked example, how Tableau, a visual analytics tool, can be used to perform Benford's law's first‐digit test to detect potential fraud.
A novel hybrid method named electron conformational genetic algorithm as a 4D QSAR investigation to calculate the biological activity of the tetrahydrodibenzazosines
Authors: Sahin Kader , Saripinar Emin
Published: February 2020

To understand the structure–activity correlation of a group of tetrahydrodibenzazocines as inhibitors of 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3, we have performed a combined genetic algorithm (GA) and four‐dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (4D‐QSAR) modeling study. The computed electronic and geometry structure descriptors were regulated as a matrix and named as electron‐conformational matrix of contiguity (ECMC). A chemical property‐based pharmacophore model was developed for series of tetrahydrodibenzazocines by EMRE software package. GA was employed to choose an optimal combination of parameters. A model has been developed for estimating anticancer activity quantitatively. All QSAR models were established with 40 compounds (training set), then they were considered for selective capability with additional nine compounds (test set). A statistically valid 4D‐QSAR (, and q2 = 0.650) with good external set prediction was obtained.
Distributed and multicore QuBiLS‐MIDAS software v2.0: Computing chiral, fuzzy, weighted and truncated geometrical molecular descriptors based on tensor algebra
Authors: García‐Jacas César R. , Marrero‐Ponce Yovani , Vivas‐Reyes Ricardo , Suárez‐Lezcano José , Martinez‐Rios Felix , Terán Julio E. , Aguilera‐Mendoza Longendri
Published: February 2020

Advances to the distributed, multi‐core and fully cross‐platform QuBiLS‐MIDAS software v2.0 (http://tomocomd.com/qubils-midas) are reported in this article since the v1.0 release. The QuBiLS‐MIDAS software is the only one that computes atom‐pair and alignment‐free geometrical MDs (3D‐MDs) from several distance metrics other than the Euclidean distance, as well as alignment‐free 3D‐MDs that codify structural information regarding the relations among three and four atoms of a molecule. The most recent features added to the QuBiLS‐MIDAS software v2.0 are related (a) to the calculation of atomic weightings from indices based on the vertex‐degree invariant (e.g., Alikhanidi index); (b) to consider central chirality during the molecular encoding; (c) to use measures based on clustering methods and statistical functions to codify structural information among more than two atoms; (d) to the use of a novel method based on fuzzy membership functions to spherically truncate inter‐atomic relations; and (e) to the use of weighted and fuzzy aggregation operators to compute global 3D‐MDs according to the importance and/or interrelation of the atoms of a molecule during the molecular encoding. Moreover, a novel module to compute QuBiLS‐MIDAS 3D‐MDs from their headings was also developed. This module can be used either by the graphical user interface or by means of the software library. By using the library, both the predictive models built with the QuBiLS‐MIDAS 3D‐MDs and the QuBiLS‐MIDAS 3D‐MDs calculation can be embedded in other tools. A set of predefined QuBiLS‐MIDAS 3D‐MDs with high information content and low redundancy on a set comprised of 20,469 compounds is also provided to be employed in further cheminformatics tasks. This set of predefined 3D‐MDs evidenced better performance than all the universe of Dragon (v5.5) and PaDEL 0D‐to‐3D MDs in variability studies, whereas a linear independence study proved that these QuBiLS‐MIDAS 3D‐MDs codify chemical information orthogonal to the Dragon 0D‐to‐3D MDs. This set of predefined 3D‐MDs would be periodically updated as long as new results be achieved. In general, this report highlights our continued efforts to provide a better tool for a most suitable characterization of compounds, and in this way, to contribute to obtaining better outcomes in future applications.
The stage-specific impairment of granulopoiesis in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) with neutropenia
Authors: Fan Lina , Han Junyan , Xiao Jiang , Dai Guorui , Hao Yu , Yang Di , Liang Hongyuan , Wu Liang , Song Chuan , Li Guoli , Li Bei , Wang Di , Zeng Yongqin , Pang Xiaoli , Zhang Fujie , Zeng Hui , Zhao Hongxin
Published: February 2020

Neutropenia and impaired functions were common manifestation in antiretroviral therapy (ART) in both naïve and experienced PLWHA. Granulopoiesis can be divided into two phases: lineage determination and committed granulopoiesis. However, stage-specific impairment of granulopoiesis in PLWHA with neutropenia remains unclear. A total of 48 ART-naïve and 49 ART-experienced PLWHA from 2016 to 2018 were recruited and divided into non-, mild-, and moderate-to-severe-neutropenia groups according to their neutrophil counts. The bone marrow aspirates and peripheral blood were collected and analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry for granulocyte subsets, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC), apoptosis, and emigration and retention of different subsets. Compared with healthy donors, the percentages of circulating segmented neutrophils were significantly decreased along with an increase of immature neutrophils in both groups. ART-naïve patients with moderate to severe neutropenia exhibited decreased proportion and accelerated apoptosis of relative mature segmented neutrophils. In contrast, ART-experienced patients with neutropenia displayed decreased proportion of granulocyte macrophage progenitors, indicating a defect at a stage of lineage determination. Meanwhile, ART-experienced patients with neutropenia also the expression of CXCR4 segmented neutrophils, suggesting an increased retention of segmented neutrophils inn the bone marrow. ART-naïve patients with neutropenia is caused by increased apoptosis of relatively differentiated neutrophils at committed granulopoiesis, whereas impaired lineage determination and enhanced retention of segmented neutrophils contribute to in ART-experienced patients.
An investigation into the effect of changing the computed tomography slice reconstruction interval on the spatial replication accuracy of three‐dimensional printed anatomical models constructed by fused deposition modelling
Authors: Searle Ben , Starkey Deborah
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Three‐dimensional (3D) printed models can be constructed utilising computed tomography (CT) data. This project aimed to determine the effect of changing the slice reconstruction interval (SRI) on the spatial replication accuracy of 3D‐printed anatomical models constructed by fused deposition modelling (FDM).

Methods

Three bovine vertebrae and an imaging phantom were imaged using a CT scanner. The Queensland State Government’s Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 did not apply as no animals were harmed to carry out scientific activity. The data were reconstructed into SRIs of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1 mm and processed by software before 3D printing. Specimens and printed models were measured with calipers to calculate mean absolute error prior to statistical analysis.

Results

Mean absolute error from the original models for the 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1 mm 3D‐printed models was 0.592 ± 0.396 mm, 0.598 ± 0.479 mm, 0.712 ± 0.498 mm and 0.933 ± 0.457 mm, respectively. Paired t‐tests (P < 0.05) indicated a statistically significant difference between all original specimens and corresponding 3D‐printed models except the 0.1 mm vertebrae 2 (P = 0.061), 0.3 mm phantom 1 (P = 0.209) and 0.3 mm vertebrae 2 (P = 0.097).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that changing the SRI influences the spatial replication accuracy of 3D‐printed models constructed by FDM. Matching the SRI to the primary spatial resolution limiting factor of acquisition slice width or printer capabilities optimises replication accuracy.
A new intelligent scheme for power system faults detection and classification: A hybrid technique
Authors: Balakrishnan Pappan , Gopinath Singaram
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes a hybrid technique to detect and classify the transmission line faults in the power system. The proposed approach is the joint execution of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and cuttlefish optimizer (CFO) learning process‐based random forest algorithm (RFA), ie, named as LDA‐CFRFA technique. Here, two modules are utilized for fault analysis in power system: fault detection and fault classification. The first procedure of the proposed method is the power system transmission line parameters in normal and abnormal condition dataset preparation by using LDA. LDA‐based dataset preparation process consists of feature extraction of power flow parameters and defines the nature of signals occurred by the system. The extracted dataset is assessed by CFO‐based RFA technique for classifying the fault type occurred in the transmission system. By then, the proposed model is executed in MATLAB/Simulink working stage, and the execution is assessed with the existing techniques such as CFO, RFA, Feed forward neural network (FNN), and artificial neural network (ANN). In our research, the faults implemented on test system are phase A, phase B, phase C, phase A to ground (AG), phase B to ground (BG), phase C to ground (CG), phase AB, phase AC and phase BC, phase AB to ground (ABG), phase AC to ground (ACG), and phase BC to ground (BCG). From the results, the proposed technique guarantees the system with less complexity and less consumption time for the detection and classification of the fault, and hence, the accuracy of the system is increased.
Accelerated degradation of collagen membranes in type 1 diabetic rats is associated with increased expression and production of several inflammatory molecules
Authors: Zoabi Hasan , Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Bender Omer , Moses Ofer , Weinreb Miron
Published: February 2020

Background

Membrane durability is critical for regenerative procedures. We reported previously that type 1‐like diabetes in rats accelerates the degradation of collagen membranes and we tested here whether this is associated with increased local production of inflammatory molecules as part of a diabetes‐induced chronic inflammation around and within the membranes.

Methods

Collagen membrane discs were implanted under the scalp in diabetic (streptozotocin‐induced) and control rats, which were sacrificed after 2 or 3 weeks. Total RNA and proteins were isolated from the membrane and its surrounding tissues and the expression and production of six inflammatory molecules (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]‐9, macrophage migration inhibitory factor [MIF], MIP‐1α, and MIP‐2α) was measured using real‐time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Minimal histological analysis of the membranes was conducted to conform to previous studies.

Results

Hyperglycemia resulted in reduced membrane thickness (by 10% to 25%) and increased mononuclear infiltrate inside the membrane. mRNA and protein levels of IL‐6, TNFα, and MMP‐9 were elevated in diabetic rats both 2 and 3 weeks post‐surgery. The levels (both mRNA and protein) of MIF were increased at 2 weeks post‐surgery and those of MIP‐1α and MIP‐2α at 3 weeks. There was a very good match in the temporal changes of all examined genes between the mRNA and protein levels.

Conclusions

Elevated local production of inflammatory cytokines and MMPs, together with apparent mononuclear infiltrate and increased collagenolysis confirm that hyperglycemia leads to a chronic inflammation in and around the implanted collagen membranes, which reduces membrane longevity.
Implementation and evaluation of an antimicrobial stewardship program across nine hospitals in the United Arab Emirates: a qualitative study
Authors: Hamdan Samah , El‐Dahiyat Faris
Published: February 2020

Background

Antimicrobial resistance is at the top of the World Health Organization's agenda. Subsequently, antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are being implemented worldwide. However, there is a lack of literature on AMS programs in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Aim

This study investigated AMS program activities and barriers and limitations to effective implementation of AMS programs within hospitals in Abu Dhabi.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted comprising semistructured interviews using a developed guide. Nine pharmacists from nine government and private hospitals were interviewed. All interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically.

Results

Analysis of the interviews revealed five main themes: (1) institutional experiences of functional AMS programs in Abu Dhabi, with the greatest capacity for AMS programs found within government hospitals; (2) considerable agreement on the types of AMS program strategies used in hospitals; (3) an instrumental role of clinical pharmacists in the success of sustainable AMS programs; (4) effects of AMS programs on improving antimicrobial prescribing patterns and clinical outcomes; and (5) lack of clinical pharmacists and highly skilled staff as the main barrier to AMS program implementation.

Conclusion

This study reveals the variable levels of AMS program implementation within Abu Dhabi hospitals. Participants reported excellent adoption of AMS programs by government hospitals compared with private sector hospitals. Participants also identified a lack of clinical pharmacists and highly skilled staff as the main limitations in AMS program implementation.
Consumer rejection threshold, acceptability rates, physicochemical properties, and shelf‐life of strawberry‐flavored yogurts with reductions of sugar
Authors: Torrico Damir D , Tam Jennifer , Fuentes Sigfredo , Gonzalez Viejo Claudia , Dunshea Frank R
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

There is an increasing demand for reduced‐sugar products due to the worldwide prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sugar (sucrose) reductions on the acceptability, preference, and quality of strawberry‐flavored yogurts. A consumer rejection threshold test and an acceptability test (N = 53) were conducted using six yogurt samples with decreasing concentrations of sugar (12–5/100 g). Additional physicochemical tests (pH, °Brix, water‐holding‐capacity, viscosity, and color) were conducted to examine the quality and shelf‐life of strawberry‐flavored yogurts with reductions of sucrose during 28 days of storage at 4 °C.

RESULTS

Reduction of sucrose affected the acceptability and physicochemical characteristics of yogurts. The consumer rejection threshold showed that sucrose in strawberry‐flavored yogurts could be reduced to 5.25/100 g from an initial concentration of 12/100 g without affecting the preferences of consumers. The 71%‐sucrose (8.50/100 g of yogurt) was perceived as the most liked (6.27 using a nine‐point hedonic scale) and the most preferred (rank sum = 127.50) yogurt sample. For the physicochemical properties of yogurts, the viscosity (3263–5473 cP) decreased, and the color lightness (80.98–85.44) increased during 28 days of storage at 4 °C.

CONCLUSION

Physicochemical properties and preferences were affected by the reduction of sugar. The consumer rejection threshold analysis showed that sucrose can be reduced to less than half of the initial concentration. These findings are useful to understand consumers' acceptability and shelf‐life of yogurts with reduced‐sugar formulations in the developing of new products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Outcome of Salvage Therapy in Isolated Regional Recurrence in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Giger Roland , Fink Raffael , Demattè Marco , Visini Miranda , Elicin Olgun , Anschuetz Lukas
Published: February 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a high tendency for regional lymphatic spreading. Nevertheless, isolated regional lymph node recurrences are rare, and only limited data regarding its management are available. The aim of this study was to describe treatment modalities and outcomes, and to identify prognostic factors.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

The records of all patients (n = 498) with tumor persistence or recurrence after curatively intended treatment for HNSCC were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with synchronous secondary tumors at initial presentation, tumor persistence, local or locoregional recurrence, and systemic metastases were excluded.

Results

A total of 76 patients were included. The rate of occult additional metastasis in radiologically uninvolved neck compartments during salvage neck dissection was 25%. The salvaged patients showed a 37.5% 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Multivariate analysis revealed initial stage IVA‐B (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.16, P < .01), extracapsular spread (HR: 3.71, P = .04), higher involved/total lymph node ratio (HR: 6.79, P < .01), and soft‐tissue infiltration (HR: 3.27, P < .01) as independent adverse prognostic factors for RFS. Moreover, univariate data analysis identified recurrent stage rcN2‐3; clinical involvement of the neck levels IV, V and/or VI; and smoking as adverse risk factors for RFS.

Conclusions

This study identifies initial stage IVA‐B, extracapsular spread, higher involved/total lymph node ratio, and soft‐tissue infiltration as independent adverse prognostic factors for RFS following isolated regional recurrences. The incidence of occult additional metastasis of radiologically uninvolved levels during salvage neck dissections was high (25%). Therefore, superselective or selective neck dissection would not have been the adequate type of salvage surgery.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:67–72, 2021
Tanshinol A Ameliorates Triton‐1339W‐Induced Hyperlipidemia and Liver Injury in C57BL/6J Mice by Regulating mRNA Expression of Lipemic‐Oxidative Injury Genes
Authors: Li Yuting , Chen Yuxing , Huang Xuejun , Huang Dane , Gan Haining , Yao Nan , Hu Zixuan , Li Ruyue , Zhan Xinyi , Xie Kaifeng , Jiang Jieyi , Cai Dake
Published: February 2020

Tanshinol A, which is derived from a traditional Chinese herbal Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is indicative of a hypolipidemic candidate. Therefore, we aim to validate its hypolipidemic activity of tanshinol A and explore its mechanism in triton‐1339W‐induced hyperlipidemic mice model, which possess multiply pathogenesis for endogenous lipid metabolism disorder. Experimental hyperlipidemia mice are treated with or without tanshinol A (i.g. 40, 20, 10 mg/kg), and blood and liver tissue were collected for validating its hypolipidemic and hepatic protective effect, and hepatic mRNA expression profile, which was associated with lipid metabolism dysfunction and liver injury, was detected by RT‐qPCR. As results show, triton‐1339W‐induced abnormal of serum TC, TAG, HDL‐C, LDL‐C, SOD, MDA, GOT, and GPT is remarkably attenuated by tanshinol A. In pathological experiment, triton‐1339W‐induced hepatocellular ballooning degeneration, irregular central vein congestion, and inflammation infiltration are alleviated by tanshinol A. Correspondingly, hepatic mRNA expression of Atf4, Fgf21, Vldlr, Nqo1, Pdk4, and Angptl4, which are genes regulating lipemic‐oxidative injury, are significantly increased by tanshinol A by 2~6 fold. Abcg5, Cd36, and Apob, which are responsible for cholesterol metabolism, are mildly upregulated. Noticeably, triton‐1339W‐suppressed expressions of Ptgs2/Il10, which are genes responsible for acute inflammation resolution in liver injury, are remarkably increased by tanshinol A. Conclusively, tanshinol A exerted hypolipidemic effect and hepatoprotective effect through restoring triton‐1339W‐suppressed mRNA expression, which may be involved in Atf4/Fgf21/Vldlr and Ptgs2/Il‐10 signaling pathways.
Adipogenic and Myogenic Potentials of Chicken Embryonic Fibroblasts in vitro: Combination of Fatty Acids and Insulin Induces Adipogenesis
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hwan , Lee Joonbum , Suh Yeunsoo , Cressman Michael , Lee Sang Suk , Lee Kichoon
Published: February 2020

The regulation of adipocyte differentiation is an important factor for production efficiency and meat quality in the poultry industry. The purpose of this study was to develop a new in vitro model of adipogenic differentiation of chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF). In this study, CEF were isolated at embryonic day (E) 5, and adipogenic differentiation was induced with supplementation of fatty acids (FA) and/or insulin (Ins) for 48 h. Oil‐Red‐O staining showed that lipid accumulation in E5 CEF was greater when supplemented with a combination of FA and Ins (FI) than other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Genes involved in differentiation of preadipocytes, fatty acid transport, and triacylglycerol synthesis were upregulated in the FI group compared to all other treatment groups (p < 0.01). Under myogenic media, the E5 CEF formed myotubes and expressed myogenic markers, myosin heavy chain (MHC), and myogenin (MyoG), suggesting myogenic potential of E5 CEF. To determine the permissive age window for adipogenic differentiation of CEF, E5, E6, and E7 CEF were induced for adipogenesis with FI treatment in 1%, 5%, or 10% chicken serum (CS). Among all embryonic ages, E5 with 10% CS showed the most lipid accumulation and the least myotube formation with the lowest expression of MHC and MyoG. These data indicate both adipogenic and myogenic potentials of E5 CEF, providing a new in vitro model for a better understanding of the processes of adipogenic and myogenic differentiation in chickens.
Influences of impulse excitation and vibration on thermoelastohydrodynamic characteristics of spur gear drive
Authors: Huang Xingbao , Yang Bintang , Wang Youqiang , Zhou Changjiang
Published: February 2020

In this paper, an elastohydrodynamic impact model is proposed, and the prediction of lubricating film performance considering squeeze effect and thermal effect is presented. Effects of sinusoidal impulse load, sinusoidal impulse entrainment velocity, multi‐frequency vibration, and acoustic noise on thermo‐mechanical characteristics of gear lube are numerically investigated. Results show that both sinusoidal impulse load and sinusoidal impulse entrainment velocity can cause remarkable increases in central film thickness and minimum film thickness and induce small reduction in friction coefficient. The sinusoidal impulse load causes considerable increase in central film pressure; however, the sinusoidal impulse entrainment velocity induces significant decrease in central film pressure. The multiple high constant frequency vibration causes considerable increment in film pressure, but maintains small fluctuation in film thickness. Additionally, the consequence of multiple high constant frequency vibration induces evident reduction in friction coefficient.
Emergency department telepsychiatry programs play key role in service access
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: February 2020

Taking note of the difficulties in accessing psychiatric services, a shortage of mental health professionals, and a decrease in dedicated beds — particularly in recent decades — researchers have found that telepsychiatry in emergency departments (EDs) is filling a critical role by enabling psychiatric service access.
Maryland health systems partner to offer quality BH services
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2020

Observing a critical need to address the growing need for high‐quality mental health and addiction services in Maryland's Anne Arundel County, two leading health care systems have partnered to bring the best resources to the community, officials stated.
MHA launches first national workplace certification program
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2020

Although widely known statistics indicate that one in five employees will experience a mental health condition each year, five in five employees can benefit from a supportive and psychologically safe workplace. This is the impetus behind a new national workplace mental health certification, according to Mental Health America (MHA).
Approximation by p(·)‐Faber polynomials in the variable Smirnov classes
Authors: Israfilov Daniyal M. , Gursel Elife
Published: February 2020

Let
be a bounded domain with regular Jordan boundary
. In this work,
‐Faber polynomial series of functions in the variable exponent Smirnov class
are defined and their approximation properties are investigated.
Wideband circular cavity‐backed slot antenna with conical radiation patterns
Authors: Kumar Arvind
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a wideband low‐profile cavity backed slot antenna for wireless transmission. A low‐profile cavity antenna comprises a circular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based backed cavity and octa‐star shaped slot on top as a radiating element fed by a coax probe feed at the center of the cavity. The antenna executes a wide impedance bandwidth response due to dual resonance of octa‐star slot when excited by probe feed. To validate the design concept, a prototype has been manufactured and measured, which displays a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 16.35%, extending from 9.26 to 11.02 GHz with the flat gain and conical radiation characteristics. Owing to the single layered integrated cavity, this antenna can be easily mounted with other radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
Coplanar waveguide‐based ultra‐wide band antenna with switchable filtering of WiMAX 3.5 GHz and WLAN 5 GHz signals
Authors: Medkour Hicham , Cheniti Mohamed , Narbudowicz Adam , Das Sudipta , Vandelle Erika , Vuong Tan P.
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a compact single‐layer UWB antenna based on a coplanar waveguide structure. The antenna operates within bandwidth from 3 to 10.6 GHz (111.76%). The antenna incorporates two notch‐filters, designed to mitigate possible interference with WiMAX and WLAN. This filtering function can be switched on or off, independently for each band, by using pin diodes. This feature allows fast adaptation, supporting spectrum sharing solutions with a compact and planar antenna. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna are in good agreement, with the maximum antenna gains dropping after activation of the filtering from 2.5 to −10 dBi in WiMAX 3.5 GHz band and from 3 to −8 dBi in WLAN 5 GHz band.
Imaging luminescent tattoo inks for direct visualization of linac and cobalt irradiation
Authors: LaRochelle Ethan P. M. , Soter Jennifer , Barrios Leonardo , Guzmán Marysia , Streeter Samuel S. , Gunn Jason R. , Bejarano Suyapa , Pogue Brian W.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Tattoo fiducials are commonly used in radiotherapy patient alignment, and recent studies have examined the use of UV‐excited luminescent tattoo ink as a cosmetic substitute to make these visible under UV illumination. The goal of this study was to show how luminescent tattoo inks could be excited with MV radiation and imaged during beam delivery for direct visualization of field position.

Methods

A survey of nine UV‐sensitive tattoo inks with various emission spectra were investigated using both UV and MV excitation. Images of liquid solutions were collected under MV excitation using an intensified‐CMOS imager. Solid skin‐simulating phantoms were imaged with both surface‐painted ink and in situ tattooing during dose delivery by both a clinical linear accelerator and cobalt‐60 source.

Results

The UV inks have peak fluorescence emission ranging from approximately 440 to 600 nm with lifetimes near 11–16 μs. The luminescence intensity is approximately 6x higher during the x‐ray pulse than after the pulse, however, the signal‐to‐noise is only approximately twice as large. Spatial resolution for imaging was achieved at 1.6 mm accuracy in a skin test phantom. Optical filtering allows for continuous imaging using a cobalt source and provides a mechanism to discriminate ink colors using a monochromatic image sensor.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates how low‐cost inks can be used as fiducial markers and imaged both using time‐gated and continuous modes during MV dose delivery. Phantom studies demonstrate the potential application of real‐time field verification. Further studies are required to understand if this technique could be used as a tool for radiation dosimetry.
The ‘Social Construction’ of David Schneider as ‘A Giant of Anthropology’
Authors: Shapiro Warren
Published: February 2020

David Schneider is widely regarded as one of the great anthropologists of our times. This article questions this opinion. First it shows that his fieldwork on the Micronesian island of Yap evidences ethnographic insensitivity, particularly on the matter of an alleged ignorance of physiological paternity, thus calling into question his supposed concern with getting at native understandings. The alleged ignorance forms the ethnographic basis for his later critique of established kinship studies. This, plus his ignorance of lexical marking, invalidates the critique. Even worse is his study of American kinship and its related theory of culture, both consisting mostly of top‐of‐the‐head impressions unrelated to specific operations.
Policy entrepreneurship and institutional change: Who, how, and why?
Authors: Jarvis Darryl S.L. , He Alex Jingwei
Published: February 2020

In the past three decades, “policy entrepreneurship” has emerged as a key analytical concept helping to explain institutional and policy change. Despite this, however, the literature on policy entrepreneurship remains theoretically vexed, producing limited theoretical knowledge or explanatory models able to draw firm conclusions. Theory building on policy and institutional change, for example, how policy entrepreneurs institute and navigate change agendas, using what tools, strategies, resources, and capacities remains opaque. This is especially the case in developing country contexts, where most analytical investigation of policy entrepreneurship has addressed “first world” case examples. This special issue seeks to address this analytical gap in the literature, focusing on cases specific to developing country contexts, deepening our empirical knowledge of policy entrepreneurship in developing countries, but also exploring theoretical and conceptual debates as they relate to developing countries.
Result of vascular tube design on the curative and mechanical performance of modified carbon fibers/hybrid resin self‐healing composites
Authors: Naga Kumar C. , Prabhakar M. N. , Song Jung‐il
Published: February 2020

The current study focuses on the design of healing carriers (vascular tube) for enhancing the healing behavior and mechanical properties of healing composites by reinforcing hybrid resin (vinyl ester:epoxy [80:20]) with phenol‐treated carbon fibers and inserting macrovascular tubes by using the vacuum‐assisted resin transfer mold (VARTM) process. Epoxy, vinyl ester (VE), and hybrid resin (HR) were incorporated in the vascular tubes as healing agents and introduced in three designs. The effect of phenol treatment on carbon fiber was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and SEM analyses, which refers to the occurring of structural and morphological changes and tensile strength of composite increased 7% higher than untreated composite. The self‐healing composites were impacted using a drop‐weight machine at constant impact energy, and the noticeable crack is recorded for understanding mechanical strength and healing performance. The results were supportively confirmed by observing internal damage with ultrasonic C‐scan technology. The impact results showed a better bearing capacity for design 2 during the initial impact test for different curing agents (VE, epoxy, and HR). The healing efficiency and mechanical properties were high for the composites infused with VE and hybrid resin. The present study will contribute toward self‐healing research for potential applications in the engineering sector.
Social role dysfunction and coping in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Carlson Emma M. , Cox Daniel W. , Kealy David , Chapman Alexander L. , Ogrodniczuk John S.
Published: February 2020

Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often experience deficits in social role functioning, which encompasses the ability to adhere to socially defined rules and norms of behaviour. Additionally, research suggests that coping styles influence the way individuals with BPD manage stress and that symptom presentation and functioning in individuals with BPD vary across genders. This study sought to explore these variables via moderated mediation, investigating the mediating influence of coping styles on the association between BPD symptoms and social role dysfunction and if these associations were further moderated by gender. Participants (N = 233) were outpatients attending a programme for personality dysfunction. Participants completed measures of BPD symptoms, coping styles and social role dysfunction. Moderated mediation indicated that for women, emotion‐oriented coping and social diversion‐oriented coping mediated the association between BPD symptoms and social dysfunction. While BPD symptoms were positively associated with emotion coping, which was positively associated with social role dysfunction, BPD symptoms were negatively associated with social diversion coping, which was negatively associated with social role dysfunction. For men, coping did not mediate the association between BPD symptoms and social role dysfunction. Our findings may indicate that social support and a healthy social network may play an important part in the ongoing social role functioning of women with BPD. From this, potential early therapeutic interventions targeting safe social engagement in times of stress may decrease the pervasive and persistent nature of social dysfunction in BPD. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of increased arterial stiffness in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis by augmentation index and pulse wave velocity analysis
Authors: Kartal Öztürk Gökçen , Conkar Seçil , Eşki Aykut , Gülen Figen , Keskinoğlu Ahmet , Demir Esen
Published: February 2020

With the increase in life expectancy, cardiovascular complications of cystic fibrosis (CF) have come to the forefront. Increased arterial stiffness is a marker of increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to compare both pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Aix) measurements in children with CF and to compare them with healthy controls. We hypothesized that children with CF had increased arterial stiffness, although traditional risk factors for CVD were not observed. Forty‐four patients and age and sex‐matched 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Hemodynamic measurements were compared in both groups, together with traditional risk factors. Peripheral blood pressure parameters of CF and control groups were similar (P > .05). Bodyweight and BMI were significantly lower in the CF group (P < .001). Serum cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels were significantly lower in the CF group, whereas fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels were significantly higher than the control group (P < .05). Mean ± SD Aix was significantly higher in the CF group (33.22 ± 13.87%) compared with the control group (24.93 ± 10.58%), respectively (P < .05), while PWV was similar. No significant correlation between PWV and Aix and fasting blood glucose and lipid profile in both groups (P > .05). Children with CF have been shown to have increased arterial stiffness compared to healthy children. Although there are not many traditional risk factors, increased arterial stiffness have been demonstrated in children with CF. The effects of this process starting from childhood on the development of CVD in adulthood are not known. Therefore, further studies are needed.
Metastable Behavior on Cesium Fluoride‐Treated Cu(In1–x,Gax)Se2 Solar Cells
Authors: Khatri Ishwor , Yashiro Takahiko , Lin Tzu-Ying , Sugiyama Mutsumi , Nakada Tokio
Published: February 2020

Metastable behavior of cesium fluoride (CsF)‐treated Cu(In1–x,Gax)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells is investigated under heat‐light soaking (HLS) and heat‐soaking (HS) treatments. HLS increases open‐circuit voltage, fill factor, efficiency, and net carrier concentration and decreases short‐circuit current density, whereas heat‐soaking treatment acts oppositely. The performance of a CsF postdeposition treatment to CIGS thin film in selenium vapor, and closer to stoichiometry copper content, did not mitigate the open‐circuit voltage improvement after HLS. These results argue the traditional concept of the VSe–VCu divacancy complex for the total beneficial effect of HLS in alkali‐treated CIGS solar cells. The metastable behavior observed in the CsF‐treated devices due to the HLS and HS treatments is explained by the specific behavior of alkali‐containing new compounds at the surface and/or the migration of alkali metals at the surface and bulk regions.
The downward transport of momentum to the surface in idealized sting‐jet cyclones
Authors: Rivière Gwendal , Ricard Didier , Arbogast Philippe
Published: February 2020

Processes leading to the formation of strong surface wind gusts within an idealized sting‐jet extratropical cyclone are investigated using a high‐resolution mesoscale model. It is motivated by real case studies that have shown that damaging surface winds ahead of the bent‐back warm front of an extratropical cyclone are often due to the presence of a sting jet, which is a low‐level mesoscale jet, the air masses of which descend from the cloud head to the top of the boundary layer. Different numerical simulations show that surface winds below the leading edge of the sting jet increase with increased horizontal resolution and surface roughness. For typical land‐surface roughness, the intensity of near‐surface wind gusts increases rapidly with horizontal resolution, while the sting‐jet intensity above the boundary layer does not vary with resolution. A focus on the 1‐km grid‐spacing simulation with land‐surface roughness is then made. It shows stronger surface winds ahead of the bent‐back warm front than near the cold conveyor‐belt jet. It also exhibits multiple bands of strong surface wind speed, similar to real sting‐jet cyclones. These multiple bands are closely linked with multiple resolved convective rolls in the boundary layer, the descending branches of which are responsible for the downward transfer of momentum. Sensitivity experiments and a stability analysis show that cooling due to sublimation and melting of precipitating ice hydrometeors below the leading edge of the sting jet triggers and invigorates boundary‐layer convective rolls by reducing the buoyancy of air masses near the precipitation base and below. Closer to the surface, the transfer of momentum is predominantly taken over by subgrid‐scale turbulent fluxes.
Control charts for monitoring the median parameter of Birnbaum‐Saunders distribution
Authors: Bourguignon Marcelo , Lee Ho Linda , Fernandes Fidel Henrique
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we propose control charts for monitoring the Birnbaum‐Saunders (BS) median parameter (scale parameter) on the basis of three estimators. Comparison of the control charts in terms of average run length using probability control limits and those based on asymptotic distribution of three estimators for the median parameter is developed. We also present guidelines for practitioners about the minimum sample size needed to match out‐of‐control average run length with the asymptotic control limits in function of the median parameter after an extensive simulation study. Numerical example illustrates the applied monitoring of BS median parameter.
Unusual aetiology of lymphocyte‐predominant exudative pleural effusion: primary mediastinal actinomycosis
Authors: Seong Gil Myeong , Hyun Chang Lim , Chang Jee Won , Kim Changhwan
Published: February 2020

Actinomycosis is a rare infectious bacterial disease typically involving cervicofacial, abdominopelvic, or thoracic regions, caused by Actinomyces species. However, involvement of the mediastinum as the primary site of origin is extremely rare. An elderly patient complained of left‐sided chest pain. The chest radiograph revealed pleural effusion, which revealed lymphocyte‐predominant exudates. Chest computed tomography showed a soft tissue mass in the left anterior mediastinum. Positron emission tomography revealed an increased uptake of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose in this lesion. To exclude malignancy and make a confirmative diagnosis, a mediastinal biopsy was performed through video‐assisted thoracic surgery. Finally, mediastinal actinomycosis was diagnosed. We report herein a case of mediastinal actinomycosis mimicking lung malignancy presented with recurrent lymphocyte‐predominant pleural fluid exudate. In patients with a recurrent or unexplained exudative pleural effusion, it may be worthwhile to consider a hidden foci of actinomycosis.
Wake meandering effects on floating wind turbines
Authors: Wise Adam S. , Bachynski Erin E.
Published: February 2020

As more floating farms are being developed, the wake interaction between multiple floating wind turbines (FWTs) is becoming increasingly relevant. FWTs have long natural periods in certain degrees of freedom, and the large‐scale movement of the wake, known as wake meandering, occurs at very low frequencies. In this study, we use FAST.Farm to simulate a two‐turbine case with three different FWT concepts: a semisubmersible (semi), a spar, and a tension leg platform (TLP), separated by eight rotor diameters in the wind direction. Since wake meandering varies depending on the environmental conditions, three different wind speeds (for all three concepts) as well as two different turbulence levels (for the semi) are considered. For the below‐rated wind speed, when wake meandering was most extreme, yaw motion standard deviations for the downstream semi were approximately 40% greater in high turbulence and over 100% greater in low turbulence when compared with the upstream semi. The low yaw natural frequency (0.01 Hz) of the semi was excited by meandering, while quasi‐static responses resulted in approximately 20% increases in yaw motion standard deviations for the spar and TLP. Differences in fatigue loading between the upstream and downstream turbines for the mooring line tension and tower base fore‐aft bending moment mostly depended on the velocity deficit and were not directly affected by meandering. However, wake meandering did affect fatigue loading related to the tower top yaw moment and the blade root out‐of‐plane moment.