bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF THE SETS TO REPRESENT THE LINGUISTIC OBJECTS IN ONTOLOGY
Authors: Kukhar M.
Published: July 2020

World experience shows that intelligent information systems for decision support are an integral part of modern society functioning. The basis of many tasks that lies in the development of decision support systems is the presentation of knowledge of a particular subject field. Each decision-support system, depending on the application field, has its own characteristics that characterize the main objectives of this subject area, among which, for example, the presentation of knowledge of multi-level administration systems for decision support purposes. In modern conditions, mathematical modeling is the most effective for the formal representation of knowledge in decision support systems which can be used to represent declarative knowledge of land relations.
Therefore, urgent scientific practical problem is relevant now that lies in the representing contradictory knowledge in multilevel administration systems.
The scientific and practical task envisages the transformation of declarative knowledge of the subject field in the form of mathematical and informational models using elements of set theory.
The task envisages the transformation of declarative knowledge in the form of mathematical models with using set theory.
The research used methods: analysis, set theory, mathematical modeling, corpus linguistics, ontological engineering.
The results of the study are important for organizing activities in a variety of industries using a large body of documents and laws.
The purpose of this work is to develop models of knowledge representation on the use of set theory in ontology.
The object of research is the process of decision support in multilevel systems.
Subject of research is the mathematical models of knowledge representation in multilevel administration systems using set theory.
Keywords: formalization, theory, predicate logic, corpus linguistics, ontology, set theory, model.
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS IN TERMS OF SOME VARIABLES: A PERSPECTIVE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Irwanto Irwanto , Rohaeti Eli , Prodjosantoso Anti Kolonial
Published: July 2020

This research explored the level of students’ basic and integrated Science Process Skills (SPS) based on their academic majors, gender, and grade levels at the end of a chemistry laboratory course. Convenience sampling was used to select 298 undergraduate students at the Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia. A survey method was used, and the data were collected using the Basic SPS (BSPS) and Integrated SPS (ISPS) Observation Checklist. The results showed that the students’ basic and integrated SPS were considered medium and low respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant gap in the students’ performance based on their majors, gender and grade levels. Surprisingly, it was found that the perception and social convention that males are stronger than females in science appears not to be the case among students. Moreover, there was a moderate positive and significant correlation between students’ basic and integrated SPS. Students with a high basic SPS score had the tendency to obtain a higher integrated SPS score. Therefore, it is concluded that prior to starting lab course activities, lecturers need to determine their students’ process skills in order to plan in such a manner that they can assist to raise their students’ current basic and integrated SPS. Keywords: academic majors, grade levels, science process skills, undergraduate students.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF STUDENT QUESTIONS IN PRIMARY SCIENCE CLASSROOMS
Authors: Kaya Sibel , Temiz Mustafa
Published: July 2020

Even though student questioning is the key aspect of inquiry learning, students ask very few questions in Science classrooms. This research aimed to increase the number of high-level questions posed by primary students during science lessons. An experiment was designed in which the experimental group was taught about the taxonomy of questions that can be asked by students during a science lesson. The quality of selected student questions was discussed as a whole class throughout the implementation. In addition, the experimental group completed the textbook activities at the end of each section in groups, whereas, the control group finished these activities individually. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks (12 lessons), during the ‘Microscopic Organisms and Environment’ unit in two 4th-grade classrooms. After completing each section of the unit, student questions were collected. The questions were classified as either low-level or high-level questions. The findings showed that in the experimental group, there were significantly more high-level questions compared to the control group. The questions were longer and more comprehensive in the experimental group. In both groups, as students’ achievement increased, so did the number of questions they asked. Keywords: student questions, high-level questions, question taxonomy, primary science.
Diálogo social, pacto social, reforma trabalhista e a proibição do retrocesso
Authors: Camargo Massau Guilherme , Bainy André Kabke
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do texto é analisar se a Reforma Trabalhista, em dois pontos, fere o princípio de proibição de retrocesso social e o de redução das desigualdades sociais, que, à época de sua aprovação, foi apresentada como alternativa necessária à superação do cenário de crise. Para tanto, o texto questiona se de fato houve efetivo pacto social, por meio do diálogo e concertação social, que atribuísse efetividade e legitimidade às alterações legislativas, bem como reflete se a mudança definitiva de paradigma, no sentido de ser dada ainda maior conotação à atuação sindical, por intermédio da prevalência das negociações coletivas, foi feita de maneira coerente. Por fim, apresenta delimitações teóricas quanto ao princípio da proibição do retrocesso social, cotejando-as com dois aspectos trazidos pela nova lei.
CLOVER - WHAT TYPES FOR DRY HILL COUNTRY?
Authors: Macfarlane Mj , Sheath G.W.
Published: July 2020

Subterranean clover and white clover plant material was collected from 85 sites located in summerdry northern North Island hill country. Plants of both species originating from this collection were grown and typed at Whatwhata Hill Country Research Station. Using several cultivars and selections as standards, measurements were made of morphological, flowering and reseeding characteristics. The subterranean clover population consisted of 44% Mt Barker type, 28% Tallarook type and the remainder an undetermined intermediate type. Mt Barker types in the collection tended to flower later and for longer than their Mt Barker standard, while Tallarook types tended to flower earlier and for longer than StandardTallarook. White clover plants were smaller and more densely leaved than 'Grasslands Huia', the population mean being similar to 'Grasslands Tahora'. A vast majority (7035%) of plants flowered earlier and yielded more seed than Huia and Tahora. An apparent shift in plant type has occurred within clover populations in summerdry hill country, the most notable being the development of a more flexible reseeding pattern. This type can be a future guide to breeding clovers suitable to these environment . Keywords: white clover, subterranean clover, flowering, seeding, morphology, type hill country
DAIRYING WITH BORDER DYKE IRRIGATION
Authors: Roadley J.D.
Published: July 2020

Dairying on border dykes is proving to be a viable alternative land use in Canterbury and North Otago. This 1984-85 season will see 20 border dyked farms in Mid-Canterbury area now dairying that have been converted from sheep to dairy in the past 6 years. The reason for this is simple. All the theoretical advantages of dairying on free draining irrigated land are real. I quote the Chairman of the New Zealand Dairy Board when questioned at Ruakura Farmer's Conference this year about the industry of growth in this region'. He said, "I wish I had never gone to see the area - it's attractive land offering immense opportunity". We are now in our fifth season of production. I am finding the challenge of increasing production every bit as exciting now as it was in the first year.
OVERSOWN GRASSES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT ON SOUTHLAND HILL COUNTRY
Authors: Meurk Cd , Turner J.D.
Published: July 2020

Infertile hill country grasslands are a vastly under-utilised pastoral resource in New Zealand. Three years of trial results on this class of land in eastern Southland are summarised. Five grasses (Grasslands Nui ryegrass, Wana cocksfoot, Matua prairie grass, Roa tall fescue and Maru phalaris) were oversown together with Huia white clover and subterranean clover. These were compared with a resident pasture, all under two fertility levels and two rotational grazing managements, and with unimproved pasture. The use of fertiliser and rotational grazing doubled the productivity of the unimproved rangeland to ca. 10,500 kg DMlhalyear. The addition of white clover increased yield to 12,000 kg, and improved grasses increased this further to 14,000 kg. Keywords: agronomy, fertiliser, grasses, grazing management, hill country, oversowing, pasture composition, pasture yield.
THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION INTERVAL AND SOIL TYPE ON PASTURE AND LUCERNE PRODUCTION
Authors: Hayman J.M.
Published: July 2020

The responses of pasture and lucerne to irrigation were compared in 2 series of trials (1976-1981 and 1980-1984) on 8 different Canterbury soils. Pasture responses were also measured on a further 4 soils. With unrestricted irrigation, pasture yields were similar (about 11 t DM/ha/yr) on 8 of the 12 soils. These soils ranged from stone free Wakanui clay loams to a very stony Balmoral silt loam. Two soils yielded at a higher level, and two very stony soils significantly less. Non-irrigated lucerne yielded more than pasture in "average" Canterbury seasons, but less in two exceptionally dry years. With irrigation, lucerne yielded more than pasture for the first 2 or 3 years but tended to decline thereafter. The paper discusses irrigation strategies for border strip irrigated pastoral farms in times of water restrictions. It concludes that maximum DM production is likely to be obtained by spreading the available water over all irrigated pasture untii the irrigation interval reaches 23 to 28 days on shallow stony soils and 34 to 38 days on higher water holding capacity soils. Keywords: pasture production, lucerne production, irrigation, irrigation interval, Canterbury.
LOLIUM ENDOPHYTE AND SHEEP PERFORMANCE ON PERENNIAL RYEGRASS CULTIVARS
Authors: Fletcher L.R.
Published: July 2020

Some effects of lolium endophyte (Acremonium lolioe) on sheep production were evaluated using pure swards of high (SO%>) and low (< 5%) endophyte Nui and Ariki ryegrass. The proportion of infected tillers in high endophyte treatments increased by 19% in 15 months. Ryegrass staggers occurred on both high endophyte ryegrasses - being slightly worse on Nui. The peak ryegrass staggers outbreak did not coincide with peak endophyte mycelium concentration in ryegrass plants. Hoggets grazing the low endophyte ryegrasses had a 1.6 kg advantage in liveweight gain in spring, when allowances were equal, but fewer sheep grazing days. In summer and autumn sward damage by Argentine stem weevil, drought and over-grazing eliminated low endophyte Ariki treatments and reduced herbage production from low Nui to 70% of high endophyte Nui. Tiller densities in low endophyte treatments were 28% of those in high endophyte treatments. High endophyte Ariki had the highest overall production: 7.8 t/ha of herbage and 15 kg/head liveweight gain compared with 6.9 t/ha and 12.5 kg/head for high endophyte Nui and 4.7 t/ha and 9 kg/head for low endophyte Nui. Differences in production due to endophyte highlight the need for caution in interpreting results from trials when endophyte status of ryegrass is unknown. Keywords: Lolium endophyte, Acremonium loliae, ryegrass staggers, Lol~m perenne, live weight gain, pasture production, Ariki, Nui
FACIAL ECZEMA - A STRATEGIC APPROACH
Authors: Thomson R.D.
Published: July 2020

Advisory Services Division has promoted and co-ordinated a problem solving approach to facial eczema. Results from the workshop provide a good example of the achievements possible when experience skills and knowledge are pooled. The support enthusiasm and action of the workshop participants has resulted in a strategic plan to arrive at a clearly defined goal. Objectives have now been selected to substantially reduce losses for the Regions most serious animal disease. Keywords: Facial eczema, damage, attitudes. control strategies, problems
ALTERNATIVE P-FERTILISERS FOR NORTHLAND SOILS
Authors: Shannon P.W.
Published: July 2020

Increasing material, processing, and distribution costs have raised superphosphate prices to a point where many farms cannot support the costs of meeting maintenance phosphate requires men& Alternatives to superphosphate, particularly those that have lower processing costs and contain more P, may offer a solution to the problem provided they are agronomically as effective. Phosphate rock may indeed be such an alternative. Preliminary results from a series of five trials in Northland show that on soils of moderate P fertility, with low phosphate retention (PR) and high pH (5.9.6.0), initial pasture growth responses to rock phosphates are smaller than those from single or triple superphosphate. On one soil of higher PR and lower pH, the differences in yield between the rock-phosphates and the super. phosphates were smaller. Of the rock phosphates tested, Sechura and North Carolina (unground and ungranulated) tended to be more effective than ground and granulated Chatham Rise phosphorite. The effect on production of applying fertilisers once every three years, as opposed to annual applications is being investigated using triple superphosphate and Sechura phosphate rock. After two years, production levels appear largely unaffected by differences in application frequency. A comparison of locally-produced superphosphate with a reference standard showed that both performed similarly, indicating that the local product was of satisfactory quality.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MOLYBDENUM DEFICIENCY IN PASTURES
Authors: Sherrell C.G. , Metherell A.K.
Published: July 2020

Despite the use of molybdenum on New Zealand pastures for 30 years the diagnosis of molybdenum deficiency is not easy nor is it clearly understood. In this paper we show how a knowledge of the function of molybdenum and factors that affect the molybdenum concentration in plants can be used to make a confident assessment of pasture molybdenum status. The MAF recommended rate of application of molybdenum has been reduced to 50 g/ha sodium molybdate every four years and the basis for this change is discussed. Keywords: molybdenum, trace elements, nitrogen fixation, pastures, clover, topdressing.
PASTURE RENOVATION BY OVERDRILLING
Authors: Ritchie W.R.
Published: July 2020

The Agricultural Machinery Research Centre, Massey University, undertook pasture renovation with a prototype direct drill at several North Island sites. Banded herbicide application was found to provide an effective medium term (two years) means of introducing ryegrass and clover species into browntop dominant pastures being intensively grazed. Specialist pasture species were introduced into Northland dairy pastures by band spraying and direct drilling. Wana cocksfoot and Pawera red clover were slower to establish than Nui and Ellett ryegrass. All species contributed to greater herbage dry matter production of the sward than the control and appeared to be persisting competitively. Keywords: Direct drilling, overdrilling, band spraying, winged opener, inverted T slot, pasture renewal, pasture renovation, prototype direct drill, Northland, Taranaki, Manawatu, no-tillage.
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON GERMINATION OF NEW ZEALAND HERBAGE GRASSES
Authors: Hampton J.F.L.Charlton J.G. , Scott D.J.
Published: July 2020

Percentage germination and germination rate (days to 75% germination) of 14 'Grasslands' cultivars from 9 grass species were assessed at constant temperatures of 5,10,15,20,25,3O"C and a fluctuating temperature of S/lO"C. Ryegrass germination did not differ significantly within the range of temperatures used. Germination of Kahu timothy and Maru phalaris was reduced at or below 10°C and at 30°C. Raki paspalum failed to germinate below 15°C. The germination of Apanui and Wana cocksfoot and Matua prairie grass was reduced at 30°C. Germination rates for all species slowed as temperature moved away from the optimum, as did the number of days to the start of germination. Germination rate was greatest for the ryegrasses at all temperatures; for all other species the order was timothy, tall fescue> phalaris prairie grass and cocksfoot at lO"C, and timothy > phalaris, prairie grass>cocksfoot >tall fescue at 5°C. The implications of these results for pasture establishment are discussed. Keywords: germination, germination rate, temperature, temperate grasses, pasture establishment.
PERFORMANCE OF SUBTERRANEAN AND WHITE CLOVER VARIETIES IN DRY HILL COUNTRY
Authors: Chapman D.F. , Sheath G.W. , Macfarlane M.J. , Rumball P.J. , Crouchley B.M.Cooper G. , Hoglund J.H. , Widdup K.H.
Published: July 2020

Nine subterranean clover cultivars and 10 white clover varieties, differing in characters such as morphology and flowering date (sub clover), or growth habit and seeding ability (white clover), where evaluated for persistence and production at 8 summer-dry hill country sites. Results for the first 3-4 years suggest the sub clovers on the New Zealand Acceptable Herbage Cultivars List (Mt Barker, Tallarook, Woogenellup, Glare) should be revised. Regeneration of Woogenellup and Glare was consistently poor, while Tallarook performed well at most sites. The current unavailability of Tallarook seed means Mt Barker is the only effechve option for grasslands in most of New Zealand. Cultivars of the sub clover subspecies yanmnicum (Larisa, Trikkala) showed promise for winter~wet, summer dry environments, as did Nangeela in winter-cold environments. A late-flowering, prostrate, low oestrogenic sub clover similar to Tallarook would be well suited to large areas of summer-dry hill country. There is a clear need for a white clover cultivar adapted to summer-dry hill country as none of the varieties tested survived severe moisture stress at 2 sites (Hawke's Bay, North Canterbury), and none performed consistently well at the other sites. New Zealand vaneties (Hula, Pitau, G18 and a hill country selection) showed best persistence and production. The overseas cultivars Haifa, Tamar, Louisiana and Clarence Valley, which are all adapted to dry conditions in their country of origin, were consistently poor. Firm selection criteria for dry hill country were not identified, though stolen density and seeding ability should be incorporated and the strong influence of management and soil fertility on genotype performance must be recognised. Keywords: subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), hill country, dryland, cultivars, persistence, genotype-environmental interaction.
PRODUCTION ON AN OLD IRRIGATED PASTURE
Authors: Moss R.A.
Published: July 2020

Lamb meat production from an irrigated old ryegrass pasture farmlet is reported for the following conditions in successive years:- Year 1 and 2: Stocked at 18 ewes plus 5 ewe replacements/ha - dry summers Year 3: Same stocking rate as year 1 - moist summer Year 4: Stocking rate reduced to 15 ewes plus 4 replacements/ha - dry summer Year 5: Same stocking rate as year 4 - wet summer Mean carcass weight for all lambs in years l-5 was respectively 12.0, 12.4, 13.4, 12.0 and 14.2 kg; lamb meat production was respectively 241, 257, 252, 214 and 262 kg/ha. At high stocking rates, in the years with dry summers, early drafting of light weight lambs was necessary so that other lambs could achieve a target carcase weight of 13-16 kg. However ewe lambs did not reach that target. For two years with reduced stocking rate, dry summer weather in one of these years still precluded ewe lambs from reaching the target. In the other year with wet summer weather, production per lamb and per hectare was satisfactory. Further management means of increasing production of heavy weight lamb are discussed. Keywords: Pasture yields, lamb production, carcase weight, wool production
PENGARUH RETURN ON ASSET, RETURN ON EQUITY, ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED DAN NET PROFIT MARGIN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN REAL ESTATE & PROPERTY) PERIODE 2012-2016
Authors: Dewi Irma Dwi Puspita
Published: July 2020

Penelitian berjudul “Pengaruh Return On Asset, Return On Equity, Economic Value Added Dan Net Profit Margin Terhadap Harga Saham Di Bursa Efek Indonesia” penelitian ini membahas pengaruh yang diberikan oleh Return On Asset, Return On Equity, Economic Value Added Dan Net Profit Margin Terhadap Harga Saham tujuan penelitian ini adalah : (1) untuk menentukan secara parsial apakah ROA, ROE, EVA dan NPM memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham perusahaan real estate and property periode 2012 – 2016. (2) untuk menentukan secara bersamaan apakah ROA, ROE, EVA dan NPM memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham perusahaan real estate and property periode 2012 – 2016 jumlah sempel adalah diambil dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang di peroleh 25 perusahaan yang termasuk kedalam kriteria. Anasis data menggunakan teknik analisi regrisi linier berganda dengan asumsi klasik normalitas auto korelasi, multikolinieritas dan heteroskedasitas. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini berdasarkan pada uji simultan (uji f) dan uji parsial (uji t) dengan signifikasi 5%. Berdasarkan analisis, menyimpulkan bahwa secara parsial berpengaruh tidak signifikan dan secara simultan Return On Asset, Return On Equity, Economic Value Added dan Net Profit Margin memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan 0,002 terhadap harga saham dengan koefisien determinasi 0,566%. Ini menunjukan bahwa 0,566% harga saham dijelaskan oleh lima variabel independen dan selanjutnya dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian ini.Kata kunci : Return On Asset, Return On Equity, Economic Value Added,Net Profit Margin dan Harga Saham
Канцелярские служащие главных судов Правобережной Украины: принципы формирования и кадровый состав (1797-1831 гг.)
Authors: Shevchuk Andriy
Published: July 2020

В статье рассматриваются вопросы принципов формирования и кадрового состава корпуса канцелярских служащих главных судов Правобережной Украины в конце XVIII – первой трети XIX вв. Эффективность работы апеляционно-ревизионных губернских главных судов зависела, в том числе, и от кадрового состава: образованности, имущественного положения, желания работать, возможностей карьерного роста канцеляристов. Исключительно польским шляхтичам (в других регионах империи канцеляристами могли быть представители иных сословий) предоставлялась возможность проходить службу канцеляристами. Приезжих чиновников, которые организовывали работу на начальном этапе российского правления, фактически вытесняли из учреждений. Как правило, канцеляристы происходили из неимущего дворянства, вынужденные жить за сравнительно невысокое жалованье.
Державна служба у Волинській губернії у спогадах та оцінці сучасників (кінець ХVІІІ – перша половина ХІХ століття)
Authors: Markevych Oksana
Published: July 2020

У статті проаналізовано мемуарну літературу (спогади, записки, мемуари), листи, які висвітлюють особливості державної служби у Волинській губернії, взаємодію влади з населенням, засоби приваблювання та стимулювання, дозвілля та культурні запити службовців. З’ясовано як впливала політична ситуація на виконання службових обов’язків. Визначено оцінку державної служби та характеристики начальників краю як самими чиновниками, так і особами не пов’язаними зі службою.
Мусульмани в урядах Франсуа Фійона
Authors: Sypko Bohdana
Published: July 2020

У статті, на основі офіційного державного друкованого органу, матеріалів виступів, інтерв’ю та публіцистичних творів французьких політиків, проаналізовано склад трьох урядів Франсуа Фійона (2007-2012) та простежено, яку роль у них відігравали мусульмани. Встановлено, що Ніколя Саркозі у цьому контексті залучав до уряду, насамперед, жінок, таким чином апелюючи не лише до сприяння «розмаїттю» у владі, а й до подолання недостатнього представлення другої статі у вищих ешелонах влади. Основний акцент зроблено на тому, як міністри та держсекретарі узгоджували свою ісламську ідентичність і вимоги світської держави.
Про що промовляє статистичне джерело?
Authors: Shandra Iryna
Published: July 2020

Рецензія на книгу: Петрова І.В. Військово-топографічні описи України ХІХ ст. (методика створення, джерельна база, інформаційні можливості). Вінниця: Видавництво ФОП Кушнір Ю.В., 2019. 572 с.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA PRA LANSIA (45-59 TAHUN)
Authors: Deasy Afrieani
Published: July 2020

Hipertensi merupakan gangguan sistem peredaran darah yang menyebabkan kenaikan tekanan darah diatas nilai normal, yaitu melebihi 140/90 mmHg. Prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia mencapai 31,7% dari populasi usia 18 tahun keatas, prevalensi angka kejadian kasus hipertensi di provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2013 menduduki peringkat pertama dari 10 besar penyakit tidak menular yaitu 13.612.359 kasus dan jumlah angka kejadian hipertensi terbanyak dari 10 puskesmas yang terdata di Kabupaten Bandung Barat yaitu 9.871 kasus pada tahun 2015.Metode penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 93 responden, dalam penelitian ini peneliti mengambilkan sampel secara accidental. Data diperoleh dengan cara pembagian kuesioner dan analisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan uji chi square.  Uji statistik didapatkan ada hubungan merokok dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan nilai p value (0,005)<(0,05),tidak terdapat hubungan olahraga dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan nilai p value (0,239)>α (0,05), didapatkan ada hubungan konsumsi garam berlebih dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan nilai p value (0,001)<α (0,05), tidak terdapat hubungan alkohol dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan nilai p value (0,906)>α (0,05),didapatkan ada hubungan stres dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan nilai p value (0,003) < α (0,05), tidak terdapat hubungan obesitas dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan nilai p value (0,476) > α (0,05).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini didapatkan ada hubungan merokok dengan kejadian hipertensi pada pra lansia,tidak ada hubungan olahraga dengan kejadian hipertensi pada pra lansia,ada hubungan konsumsi garam berlebih dengan kejadian hipertensi pada pra lansia,tidak ada hubungan alkohol dengan kejadian hipertensi pada pra lansia, ada hubungan stres dengan kejadian hipertensi pada pra lansia,dan tidak ada hubungan obesitas dengan kejadian hipertensi pada pra lansia.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Upaya Pencegahan Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Menggunakan Prinsip Menguras, Menutup, dan Memanfaatkan Kembali (3M)
Authors: Sari Dian Emilia
Published: July 2020

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) atau Demam Berdarah Dengue adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes Aegypti. Keluarga dapat berperan secara aktif dalam melakukan gerakan PSN dengan cara 3M Plus, yaitu menguras, menutup dan memanfaatkan kembali. Penilitian ini bertujuan untuk diketahuinya faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan upaya pencegahan DBD di Puskesmas 4 Ulu Palembang Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah  pengunjung Puskesmas berjumlah 56 orang yang dipilih  menggunakan tekhnik accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan  kuesioner. Analisis hubungan dengan menggunakan uji Chi Square (α = 0.05). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 1-5 Juli 2019. Hasil analisis didapatkan nilai  pengetahuan (p value = 0.006); sikap (p value = 0.000); tingkat pendidikan (p value = 0.000). Disimpulkan adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan,sikap, dan tingkat pendidikan dengan upaya pencegahan DBD. Diharapkan terhadap masyarakat agar lebih aktif lagi bertindak dalam pencegahan DBD, seperti melakukan gerakan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk 3M Plus.
Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Ibu Tentang Breastcare Pada Ibu Nifas
Authors: Oktarina Rani
Published: July 2020

WHO dan Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI) merekomendasikan pemberian ASI ekslusif selama 6 bulan dan pemberian ASI dapat dilanjutkan sampai 2 tahun Hal ini membuktikan bahwa perlu dilakukan breastcare pada ibu nifas untuk mendapatkan ASI ekslusif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang breastcare pada ibu nifas di rumah sakit umum daerah kota prabumulih tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Survey Analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah ibu yang melakukan breastcare di rumah sakit umum daerah kota prabumulih tahun 2019 yang berjumlah 68 orang. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 68 responden. Pada analisa univariat diketahui bahwa dari 68 responden didapatkan bahwa responden yang berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 45 responden (66,2%) dan responden yang berpengetahuan kurang baik sebanyak 23 responden (33,8%). Hasil analisa univariat  diketahui bahwa dari 68 responden didapatkan bahwa responden yang dengan sikap mendukung sebanyak 41 responden (60,3%) dan responden dengan sikap tidak mendukung sebanyak 27 responden (39,7%). Analisa Bivariat menunjukkan Pengetahuan mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna tentang breastcare pada ibu nifas (p value 0,002) dan Sikap Ibu mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna tentang breastcare pada ibu nifas (p value 0,000). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang breastcare pada ibu nifas di rumah sakit umum daerah kota prabumulih tahun 2019
Pengaruh Edukasi Family Therapy Pada Keluarga Terhadap Pencegahan Perilaku Kekerasan Bullying pada Anak : Literature Review
Authors: Herman Herman , Kusbaryantlo Kusbaryanto
Published: July 2020

Keluarga merupakan suatu kelompok sosial yang bersifat langgeng berdasarkan hubungan pernikahan dan hubungan darah. Keluarga yang sehat akan menyumbang terbinanya masyarakat yang sehat. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi pada keluarga terhadap pencegahan perilaku kekerasan bullying pada anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Literature review yang relevan ditinjau mengikuti pencarian dari 3 database yaitu ProQuest, Science Direct, dan Google Scholar. Tahun pencarian dibatasi 5 tahun teakhir dari 2014-2019 untuk memastikan penelitian yang terinklude up-to-date. Review ini mengidentifikasi 7 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Artikel menggunakan desain Quasi eksperimen yaitu 1 artikel, 3 sistematik review dan integrative review, 1 kuantitatif, 1 kualitatif, Uji coba terkontrol secara acak. Dari 7artikel yang terpilih, 4 artikel fokus pada perilaku kekerasan pada anak, remaja dan bullying, dan 3 artikel berfokus pada terapi keluarga terhadap anak. Dengan kesimpulan bahwa Terapi keluarga adalah cara keluarga untuk belajar bagaimana menjaga hubungan keluarga yang sehat, berkomunikasi secara efektif dengan anggota keluarga, dan bekerja sama untuk menyelesaikan masalah keluarga. Komunikasi dalam keluarga menjadi lebih baik ketika setiap anggota keluarga dapat mengungkapkan apa yang tidak mereka sukai dan keinginan mereka kepada anggota keluarga lainnya dan kemudian menemukan solusi bersama.
SITAEL HC1 Low-Current Hollow Cathode
Authors: Pedrini Daniela , Ducci Cosimo , Cesari Ugo , Misuri Tommaso , Andrenucci Mariano
Published: July 2020

SITAEL is active in the field of electric propulsion and is involved in the development of different thruster technologies—mainly Hall thrusters (HTs)—of power levels ranging from 100 W up to 20 kW. Low-power HTs are the most effective choice to perform orbit transfer, drag compensation, and de-orbiting maneuvers for small satellites. This paper is dedicated to the activities regarding HC1, the hollow cathode conceived for the 100-W-class Hall thruster under development at SITAEL. Successful test campaigns were performed and are described, with emphasis on the improvements in the cathode design after an extensive research and development phase. The results are presented and discussed, along with future developments of the ongoing activities.
Quality Profile of Single-Breed Alpine Grey and Pinzgauer Bulk Milk
Authors: Zanon Thomas , Costa Angela , De Marchi Massimo , Penasa Mauro , König Sven , Gauly Matthias
Published: July 2020

The aim of the present study was to investigate sources of variation in bulk milk composition, somatic cell score, coagulation properties, and mineral content of Alpine Grey and Pinzgauer single-breed herds in the Italian alpine area. A total of 56,914 bulk milk samples from 461 farms located in the Bolzano province (Northeast Italy) were available for statistical analysis. Least squares means revealed that Pinzgauer herds produced milk with greater fat content and shorter rennet coagulation time than Alpine Grey herds, but the latter had greater milk protein content and lower somatic cell scores than Pinzgauer herds. The greatest content of Ca, protein, and casein and the most favorable coagulation properties were observed in milk sampled in autumn in both breeds. Results should serve to differentiate the milk of Alpine Grey cattle and Pinzgauer cattle from milk of other cattle breeds and thus provide necessary arguments for developing new production concepts that might expand future opportunities for further valorizing these local, dual-purpose breeds and therefore contribute long-term to their preservation.
Bacteriological Quality of Raw Ovine Milk from Different Sheep Farms
Authors: Tonamo Andualem , Komlósi István , Varga László , Czeglédi Levente , Peles Ferenc
Published: July 2020

The primary purpose of this research was to examine the bacteriological properties of raw ovine milk produced by Merino, Tsigai, Dorper, Lacaune, and British Milk Sheep flocks on four sheep farms located in the eastern part of Hungary. In addition to individual raw milk (IRM) and bulk tank milk (BTM) samples, the udder surface (US) of ewes was also tested for bacteriological quality. A total of 77 US, 77 IRM, and 10 BTM samples were collected in the early morning during regular milking sessions. The samples, kept cooled at temperatures below 4 °C, were delivered to the microbiological laboratory and were examined immediately. The relatively low numbers of bacteria in both US and IRM samples reflected good housing conditions of ewes kept on the four farms studied. However, BTM samples had up to 3.5–4.0 log10 CFU/mL higher mean bacterial counts than their IRM counterparts, and the mean levels of bacteria in BTM on two farms even exceeded the regulatory limit of 6.18 log10 CFU/mL. Further studies need to be performed to clarify this issue.
Spatial Aspects of Gardens Drive Ranging in Urban Foxes (Vulpes vulpes): The Resource Dispersion Hypothesis Revisited
Authors: Tolhurst Bryony A. , Baker Rowenna J. , Cagnacci Francesca , Scott Dawn M.
Published: July 2020

Red foxes are a well-established species of urban ecosystems in the UK and worldwide. Understanding the spatial ecology of foxes in urban landscapes is important for enhancement of urban biodiversity and effective disease management. The Resource Dispersion Hypothesis (RDH) holds that territory (home range) size is linked to distribution and richness of habitat patches such that aggregation of rich resources should be negatively associated with range size. Here, we tested the RDH on a sample of 20 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the city of Brighton and Hove. We focused on residential garden areas, as foxes were associated with these in previous studies. We equipped 12 male and 8 female foxes with GPS collars recording at 15 min intervals during discrete seasons over four years. We regressed fox core area size against garden size, number of garden patches, and edge density within and between patches as extracted from GIS in a series of bivariate linear mixed models. We found that foxes used smaller core areas where gardens were large and well-connected and larger core areas where numerous, smaller gardens were fragmented by internal barriers (e.g., fences, walls) or bisected by other habitats such as managed grassland or built-up areas. Our findings confirm the RDH and help to inform future urban planning for wildlife.
Improving Translation by Identifying Evidence for More Human-Relevant Preclinical Strategies
Authors: Ritskes-Hoitinga Merel , Leenaars Cathalijn , Beumer Wouter , Coenen-de Roo Tineke , Stafleu Frans , Meijboom Franck L. B.
Published: July 2020

Preclinical animal studies are performed to analyse the safety and efficacy of new treatments, with the aim to protect humans. However, there are questions and concerns about the quality and usefulness of preclinical animal research. Translational success rates vary between 0 and 100%, and no clear relationship has been found with possible predictive factors such as animal species or field of research. Therefore, it is not yet possible to indicate what factors predict successful translation. Translational strategies were therefore discussed at an international conference held in the Netherlands in November 2019, aiming to develop practical guidelines for more robust animal-to-human translation. The conference was organised during the course of a research project funded by the Dutch Research Council (313-99-310), addressing possible solutions for the low translational values that had been published for a multitude of animal studies in human health care. This article provides an overview of the project and the conference discussions. Based on the conference results and the findings from the research project, we define four points of attention that are crucial in the search for improved translational success rates: (a) optimising the methods and design of studies; (b) incorporation of the complexity of the human patient in research; (c) start with the patient rather than existing animal models as the gold standard; and (d) more and better collaboration within the chain from funding to pharmacy. We conclude that this requires improved organization and use of procedures, as well as a change of attitude and culture in research, including a consideration of the translational value of animal-free innovations and human-relevant science.
Role of Tobramycin in the Induction and Maintenance of Viable but Non-Culturable Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an In Vitro Biofilm Model
Authors: Mangiaterra Gianmarco , Cedraro Nicholas , Vaiasicca Salvatore , Citterio Barbara , Galeazzi Roberta , Laudadio Emiliano , Mobbili Giovanna , Minnelli Cristina , Bizzaro Davide , Biavasco Francesca
Published: July 2020

The recurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) biofilm infections is a major issue in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. A pivotal role is played by the presence of antibiotic-unresponsive persisters and/or viable but non-culturable (VBNC) forms, whose development might be favored by subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations. The involvement of tobramycin and ciprofloxacin, widely used to treat CF PA lung infections, in the abundance of VBNC cells was investigated in PA biofilms models. In vitro biofilms of the laboratory strain PAO1-N and the clinical strain C24 were developed and starved by subculture for 170 days in a non-nutrient (NN) broth, unsupplemented or supplemented with one-quarter minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tobramycin or ciprofloxacin. VBNC cells abundance, estimated as the difference between total live (detected by qPCR and flow cytometry) and colony forming unit (CFU) counts, showed a strain- and drug-specific pattern. A greater and earlier abundance of VBNC PAO1-N cells was detected in all conditions. Exposure of the C24 strain to NN and NN + ciprofloxacin induced only a transient VBNC subpopulation, which was more abundant and stable until the end of the experiment in tobramycin-exposed biofilms. The same response to tobramycin was observed in the PAO1-N strain. These findings suggest that low tobramycin concentrations might contribute to PA infection recurrence by favoring the development of VBNC forms.
Influence of Renal Function and Age on the Pharmacokinetics of Levofloxacin in Patients with Bone and Joint Infections
Authors: Eloy Gauthier , Lebeaux David , Launay Manon , Fernandez-Gerlinger Marie-Paule , Billaud Eliane , Douez Emmanuel , Mainardi Jean-Luc , Bouyer Benjamin , Jullien Vincent
Published: July 2020

Despite its efficacy and toxicity being exposure-related, levofloxacin pharmacokinetics in patients with bone and joint infections has been poorly described to date, so the possible need for a dose adjustment is unknown in this population. A prospective population pharmacokinetic study was conducted in 59 patients to answer this question. The final model consisted of a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. Mean parameter estimates (% interindividual variability) were 0.895 h−1 for the absorption rate constant (Ka), 6.10 L/h (40%) for the apparent clearance (CL/F), 90.6 L (25%) for the apparent distribution volume (V/F). Age and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), estimated by the modification of diet in renal disease formula, were related to CL/F by power models, and CL/F was found to increase for increasing GFR and decreasing age. For a similar GFR, the simulated area under the curve (AUC) was 55% higher in 70 years-old patients compared to 30 year-old patients. Based on this model, a 750 mg dose should provide an optimal exposure (AUC/ minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥100), with the possible exception of patients older than 60 years and with GFR <70 mL/min/m² who may necessitate a dose reduction, and patients with infections caused by bacteria with MIC close to 1 mg/L who may need an increase in the dose.
Involvement of l-Cysteine Desulfhydrase and Hydrogen Sulfide in Glutathione-Induced Tolerance to Salinity by Accelerating Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle and Glyoxalase System in Capsicum
Authors: Kaya Cengiz , Murillo-Amador Bernardo , Ashraf Muhammad
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to assess the role of l-cysteine desulfhydrase (l-DES) and endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in glutathione (GSH)-induced tolerance to salinity stress (SS) in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Two weeks after germination, before initiating SS, half of the pepper seedlings were retained for 12 h in a liquid solution containing H2S scavenger, hypotaurine (HT), or the l-DES inhibitor dl-propargylglycine (PAG). The seedlings were then exposed for three weeks to control or SS (100 mmol L−1 NaCl) and supplemented with or without GSH or GSH+NaHS (sodium hydrosulfide, H2S donor). Salinity suppressed dry biomass, leaf water potential, chlorophyll contents, maximum quantum efficiency, ascorbate, and the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glyoxalase II in plants. Contrarily, it enhanced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, methylglyoxal, electrolyte leakage, proline, GSH, the activities of glutathione reductase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glyoxalase I, and l-DES, as well as endogenous H2S content. Salinity enhanced leaf Na+ but reduced K+; however, the reverse was true with GSH application. Overall, the treatments, GSH and GSH+NaHS, effectively reversed the oxidative stress and upregulated salt tolerance in pepper plants by controlling the activities of the AsA-GSH and glyoxalase-system-related enzymes as well as the levels of osmolytes.
Antioxidants as Molecular Probes: Structurally Novel Dihydro-m-Terphenyls as Turn-On Fluorescence Chemodosimeters for Biologically Relevant Oxidants
Authors: González-Ruiz Víctor , Rajesh Jegathalaprathaban , Olives Ana I. , Rocchi Damiano , Gómez-Carpintero Jorge , González Juan F. , Sridharan Vellaisamy , Martín M. Antonia , Menéndez J. Carlos
Published: July 2020

One interesting aspect of antioxidant organic molecules is their use as probes for the detection and quantitation of biologically relevant reactive oxidant species (ROS). In this context, a small library of dihydroterphenyl derivatives has been synthesised and studied as fluorescent chemodosimeters for detecting reactive oxygen species and hypochlorite. The fluorescence quantum yields of these molecules are negligible, while the corresponding aromatized compounds formed upon oxidation show moderate to high native fluorescence, depending on their structures. The fluorescence signal is quickly developed in the presence of trace amounts of the probe and the analytes in acetonitrile media at room temperature, with good analytical figures. ROS detection in aqueous media required incubation at 37 °C in the presence of horseradish peroxidase, and was applied to glucose quantitation by coupling glucose oxidation by O2 to fluorescence detection of H2O2. The mild reaction conditions and sensitive fluorescent response lead us to propose dihydroterphenyls with an embedded anthranilate moiety as chemosensors/chemodosimeters for ROS detection.
Studies of Buried Layers and Interfaces of Tungsten Carbide Coatings on the MWCNT Surface by XPS and NEXAFS Spectroscopy
Authors: Sivkov Danil , Nekipelov Sergey , Petrova Olga , Vinogradov Alexander , Mingaleva Alena , Isaenko Sergey , Makarov Pavel , Ob’edkov Anatoly , Kaverin Boris , Gusev Sergey , Vilkov Ilya , Aborkin Artemiy , Sivkov Viktor
Published: July 2020

Currently, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is widely used to characterize the nanostructured material surface. The ability to determine the atom distribution and chemical state with depth without the sample destruction is important for studying the internal structure of the coating layer several nanometers thick, and makes XPS the preferable tool for the non-destructive testing of nanostructured systems. In this work, ultra-soft X-ray spectroscopy methods are used to study hidden layers and interfaces of pyrolytic tungsten carbide nanoscale coatings on the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) surfaces. XPS measurements were performed using laboratory spectrometers with sample charge compensation, and Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) studies using the Russian–German dipole beamline (RGBL) synchrotron radiation at BESSY-II. The studied samples were tested by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Raman scattering and NEXAFS spectroscopy. It was shown that the interface between MWCNT and the pyrolytic coating of tungsten carbide has a three-layer structure: (i) an interface layer consisting of the outer graphene layer carbon atoms, forming bonds with oxygen atoms from the oxides adsorbed on the MWCNT surface, and tungsten atoms from the coating layer; (ii) a non-stoichiometric tungsten carbide WC1-x nanoscale particles layer; (iii) a 3.3 nm thick non-stoichiometric tungsten oxide WO3-x layer on the WC1-x/MWCNT nanocomposite outer surface, formed in air. The tungsten carbide nanosized particle’s adhesion to the nanotube outer surface is ensured by the formation of a chemical bond between the carbon atoms from the MWCNT upper layer and the tungsten atoms from the coating layer.