bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clay Mineralogy, Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry, and Water/Rock Ratio Estimates, Te Mihi Area, Wairakei Geothermal Field, New Zealand
Authors: Libbey Ryan B. , Longstaffe Fred J. , Flemming Roberta L.
Published: July 2013

Dioctahedral clays from an active continental geothermal system have been studied to assess their usefulness as proxies of paleo-hydrological and thermal conditions in the subsurface. Drill cuttings from Well WK244 in the Te Mihi area of the Wairakei Geothermal Field, New Zealand, were analyzed to determine the mineralogical, morphological, and isotopic characteristics of hydrothermal clays in these samples. Mixed-layer illite-dioctahedral smectite (I-S) and R0 chlorite-trioctahedral smectite are the main clay minerals, with I-S clays varying downward from R1 to R3 ordering and 50 to >90% illite over 160 m. The proportion of illite in I-S correlates positively with downhole temperature (r = 0.98) and I-S morphology changes from high aspect ratio ribbons, laths, and hairy fibers to pseudo-hexagonal plates with depth. Swelling clay percentages determined using the methylene blue method show a strong positive correlation with %S in I-S (r = 0.91), validating use of methylene blue as a rapid field tool for characterizing the smectite to illite transition in this active geothermal environment. The oxygen isotopic composition of I-S (dd18OI-S) decreases systematically with depth, and mostly reflects a progressive increase in subsurface temperature during clay formation. Estimates of water/rock ratios calculated using δ18OI-S values display stratigraphic variability that corresponds to variations in permeability. Oxygen isotopic measurements of I-S are a useful tool for understanding reservoir and permeability evolution in such geothermal systems and their related fossil analogs.
The Rate and Mechanism of Deep-Sea Glauconite Formation at the Ivory Coast-Ghana Marginal Ridge
Authors: Baldermann Andre , Warr Laurence N. , Grathoff Georg H. , Dietzel Martin
Published: July 2013

The environmental conditions and reaction paths of shallow-water glauconitization (<500 m water depth, ~15°C) close to the sediment-seawater interface are generally considered to be well understood. In contrast, the key factors controlling deep-sea glauconite formation are still poorly constrained. In the present study, green grains formed in the recent deep-sea environment of the ODP Site 959, Ivory Coast-Ghana Marginal Ridge, (~2100 m water depth, 3-6°C) were investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic methods in order to determine the rate and mechanism of glauconitization.

Green clay authigenesis at Hole 959C occurred mainly in the tests of calcareous foraminifera which provided post-depositional conditions ideal for glauconitization. Within this organic-rich microenvironment, Fe-smectite developed <10 ky after deposition of the sediments by precipitation from precursor gels containing Fe, Mg, Al, and silica. This gel formation was supported by microbial activity and cation supply from the interstitial solution by diffusion. At a later stage of early marine diagenesis (900 ky), the Fe-smectites reacted to form mixed-layer glauconite-smectite. Further down (~2500 ky), almost pure glauconite with no compositional gaps between the Fe-smectite and glauconite end members formed. This burial-related Fe-smectite-to-glauconite reaction indicates that the glauconitization process was controlled mainly by the chemistry of the interstitial solutions. The composition of the interstitial solution depends heavily on micro-environmental changes related to early diagenetic oxidation of biodegradable (marine) organic matter, microbial sulfate reduction, silicate mineral alteration, carbonate dissolution, and Fe redox reactions. The availability of Fe is suggested as the probable limiting factor for glauconitization, explaining the various states of green-grain maturity within the samples, and this cation may be the most important rate-determining element.

The rate of glauconite formation at ODP Site 959 is given by %GlSed = 22.6·log(ageSed) + 1.6 (R2 = 0.97) where %GlSed is the state of glauconitization in the sediment and ageSed is the sediment age (in ky). This glauconitization rate depends mainly on continuous cation supply (in particular Fe) and is about five times less than that in shallow-shelf regions, suggesting significantly slower reaction at the lower temperature of deep-sea environments.
Building institutional capacity: from pervasive individualism to sustained coordination in small firm sectors
Authors: Evans Ana Maria
Published: July 2013

The small-business sector faces a persistent dilemma: small firms often lack the human skills and financial resources to modernize and compete. How, then, can small firms overcome collective action problems to forge sector-wide modernization? This paper examines the political dynamics and the process of institutional change that underpin successful industrial upgrading through a comparative, longitudinal analysis of two policy experiments aiming at the modernization of small firm sectors in Portugal. Relying on comparative-historical analysis and process tracing, this study shows that successful industrial upgrading relies on intense and sustained political action, led by strong and stable interest leadership, in the pursuit of well-defined developmental benchmarks, and relying on the implementation of political, organizational and financial strategy according to a specific logic and sequence.
Understanding the Self: How spatial parameters influence the distribution of anaphora within prepositional phrases
Authors: Lederer Jenny
Published: July 2013

This paper investigates the distribution of reflexive and nonreflexive pronouns in the prepositional phrase, concluding that multiple semantic factors play a role in the appearance of one pronoun over the other. The distributional trends in English are explained by referencing the crucial role space plays in grammar, and the resulting implications for Binding Theory (Chomsky 1995) are discussed. The motivating forces for the corpus distribution are based on perceived directionality and location of the denoted event with respect to the body of the event's protagonist. The patterns found in the corpus data are attributed to a range of factors that play a role in the semantic specifications and associations of the pronouns themselves. First, it is argued that the high rate of reflexive pronouns in events that are metaphorically located in the body is due to the reflexive pronoun's close semantic association with the concept of self, a metaphorical body-internal entity. Second, it is argued that the reflexive pronoun is used to signal either an event which is performed on the body (in the referent's peri-personal space) or directed toward the body. Cases of these types are explained by a schematic, semantic parallelism between syntactically complex reflexive events and syntactically simple reflexive events. In both cases, the reflexive pronoun signals a contrastive element. In syntactically complex cases, the PP examples (e.g. John pushed the box toward himself), and syntactically simple cases, those with basic clause structure (e.g. John kicked himself), the reflexive is used to signal that the direction of the event is counter to the direction of expectation, thus explaining why certain reflexive events (e.g. bathe, or pull something toward you) do not have to, and most often, do not occur with the reflexive pronoun.
The attention-grammar interface: Eye-gaze cues structural choice in children and adults
Authors: Ibbotson Paul , Lieven Elena V. M. , Tomasello Michael
Published: July 2013

We investigated whether children (3- and 4-year-olds) and adults can use the active passive alternation – essentially a choice of subject – in a way that is consistent with the eye-gaze of the speaker. Previous work suggests the function of the subject position can be grounded in attentional mechanisms (Tomlin 1995, 1997). Eye-gaze is one powerful source of directing attention that we know adults and young children are sensitive to; furthermore, we know adults are more likely to look at the subject of their sentence than any other character (Gleitman et al. 2007; Griffin and Bock 2000). We demonstrate that older children and adults are able to use speaker-gaze to choose a felicitous subject when describing a scene with both agent-focused and patient focused cues. Integrating attentional and grammatical information in this way allows children to limit the degrees of freedom on what the function of certain linguistic constructions might be.
Macroeconomic Shock Synchronization in the East African Community
Authors: Mafusire Albert , Brixiova Zuzana
Published: July 2013

The East African Community’s (EAC) economic integration has gained momentum recently, with the EAC countries aiming to adopt a single currency in 2015. This article evaluates empirically the readiness of the EAC countries for monetary union. First, structural similarity in terms of similarity of production and exports of the EAC countries is measured. Second, the symmetry of shocks is examined with structural vector auto-regression analysis (SVAR). The lack of macroeconomic convergence gives evidence against a hurried transition to a monetary union. Given the divergent macroeconomic outcomes, structural reforms, including closing infrastructure gaps and harmonizing macroeconomic policies that would raise synchronization of business cycles, need to be in place before moving to monetary union.
Synthesis and properties of polysiloxane graft waterborne polyurethane modified with α-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminopropyl-ω-butylpolydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Yu Yitao , Wang Jing , Wang Xu
Published: July 2013

In this study, α-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminopropyl-ω-butylpolydimethylsiloxane was used to prepare waterborne polyurethane-polysiloxane graft copolymer dispersions. α-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminopropyl-ω-butylpolydimethylsiloxane was synthesized via hydroxyl protection, alkylation, anionic ring-opening polymerization, hydrosilylation, and deprotection. Waterborne polyurethane-polysiloxane graft copolymers were prepared by the reaction of poly propylene glycol (PPG), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), 1,4-butanediol (BDO), and α-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminopropyl-ω-butylpolydimethylsiloxane. The water absorption of copolymer films decreased from 163.9 to 17.3% when polysiloxane content increased from 0 to 5%. The tensile strength of the copolymer films increased from 14.0 MPa to 26.3 MPa and decreased when polysiloxane content was more than 3%. The results revealed that the properties of waterborne polyurethane-polysiloxane graft copolymer dispersions and films were improved by grafting polysiloxane chains to polyurethanes.
Forward Genetics by Genome Sequencing Reveals That Rapid Cyanide Release Deters Insect Herbivory of Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Krothapalli Kartikeya , Buescher Elizabeth M , Li Xu , Brown Elliot , Chapple Clint , Dilkes Brian P , Tuinstra Mitchell R
Published: July 2013

Whole genome sequencing has allowed rapid progress in the application of forward genetics in model species. In this study, we demonstrated an application of next-generation sequencing for forward genetics in a complex crop genome. We sequenced an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutant of Sorghum bicolor defective in hydrogen cyanide release and identified the causal mutation. A workflow identified the causal polymorphism relative to the reference BTx623 genome by integrating data from single nucleotide polymorphism identification, prior information about candidate gene(s) implicated in cyanogenesis, mutation spectra, and polymorphisms likely to affect phenotypic changes. A point mutation resulting in a premature stop codon in the coding sequence of dhurrinase2, which encodes a protein involved in the dhurrin catabolic pathway, was responsible for the acyanogenic phenotype. Cyanogenic glucosides are not cyanogenic compounds but their cyanohydrins derivatives do release cyanide. The mutant accumulated the glucoside, dhurrin, but failed to efficiently release cyanide upon tissue disruption. Thus, we tested the effects of cyanide release on insect herbivory in a genetic background in which accumulation of cyanogenic glucoside is unchanged. Insect preference choice experiments and herbivory measurements demonstrate a deterrent effect of cyanide release capacity, even in the presence of wild-type levels of cyanogenic glucoside accumulation. Our gene cloning method substantiates the value of (1) a sequenced genome, (2) a strongly penetrant and easily measurable phenotype, and (3) a workflow to pinpoint a causal mutation in crop genomes and accelerate in the discovery of gene function in the postgenomic era.
Bartók’s wrists and 19th-century performance practice: An essay on the historicity of piano technique
Authors: Ota Mineo
Published: July 2013

Mária Comensoli, who studied under Bartók in the mid-1920s, reports that her teacher used “peculiar fingerings and peculiar wrist and arm technique.” Examining such comments and the recordings of the composer-pianist, it becomes clear that Bartók played the piano partly according to the 19th-century performance practice. He frequently played chords in arpeggio, even when there were no markings of arpeggio in the score, and he respected the tone color of each finger by relying on the technique of leaping. Contemporary documents suggest that one of Bartók’s technical advantages was the flexibility of his wrists. In Bartók’s case it may have been a fruit of a conscious training by István Thomán. The writings of the Liszt-pupil Thomán suggest that, like his master, he valued the “active” use of wrists, even though he basically supported the modern, “synthetic” piano technique propagated by Breithaupt, who consistently recommended the “passive” use of the wrists. It is likely that, through Thomán, Bartók learned many things from the 19th-century performance practice.
Structural communication and predictability in the performance style of Bartók and Dohnányi
Authors: Stachó László
Published: July 2013

I attempt to demonstrate that a substantial aspect of the performing style of the two most important pianists of the Hungarian Liszt school, Bartók and Dohnányi, together with other performers of the era to a certain extent, is the mainly unintentional slowing down at structurally relatively important or surprising moments in terms of musical meaning and, respectively, the speeding up of relatively unimportant or highly predictable moments. Relatively important or surprising moments include the appearance of a new theme, structural boundaries, atypical modulations, and the like; relatively unimportant or highly predictable moments include sequences, transitional passages, and, to a certain extent, cadential formulae. Computer-assisted analysis of microtiming patterns of representative recording samples as well as their comparison with preliminary results of a listening experiment suggests a tight connection of Bartók’s and Dohnányi’s rubato patterns with structural importance and predictability.
Bartók’s heiress
Authors: Büky Virág
Published: July 2013

In her book about Bartók’s American years Agatha Fasset recalls the composer attesting to his second wife Ditta Pásztory that her piano playing “comes to the nearest of all” to his own style admonishing her “to preserve this style, keep it alive, keep it going.” Pásztory’s discography (containing recordings from the 1960s) testifies that she took Bartók’s assignment seriously. The first part of this paper gives a short description of Pásztory’s formative years as a pianist and her long apprenticeship under Bartók’s guidance. The second part, analysing a few of her recordings will attempt to find out how she succeeded in preserving Bartók’s manner of performance.
Bartóks originale Vokalmusik Gemeinsamkeiten in Textwahl, Textbehandlung und Stil
Authors: Braun Michael
Published: July 2013

The inventory of Béla Bartók’s original vocal compositions produces a heterogeneous impression: as regards to scoring, form, the derivation of the text, and the attitude of expression, the opera Bluebeard’s Castle, the two collections of songs opp. 15 and 16, Cantata profana for Soli, Choir and Orchestra, and the a cappella series Elmúlt időkből (From Bygone Times) and Twenty-Seven Two- and Three-Part Choruses apparently do not form a homogeneous group. However, they do share the common characteristic of being born as original music out of pre-existing texts. Stylistic features and peculiarities in the choice and the treatment of the texts do reveal some links and parallels between the original vocal works which reflect Bartók’s principles in the setting of texts and in the treatment of voices.
Who is the girl in Bartók’s The Miraculous Mandarin? a case study of Mimi’s deleted scene and its dramatic meaning
Authors: Frigyesi Judit
Published: July 2013

The story of Bartók’s pantomime is usually understood as the clash between the cold-blooded brutality of the city — represented by the tramps — and the force of primeval passion — represented by the mandarin. Within these opposing forces stands the girl — whose character, however, is not obvious. In the first complete manuscript version (piano four-hand), immediately before the ending of the piece, there existed a scene depicting a confrontation between the girl and the tramps. This scene, whose main actor is the girl, is crucial for the drama and reveals Bartók’s view with regard to the girl’s character. Yet when Bartók began orchestrating the work in 1924, he deleted this scene. The present article provides, for the first time, an in-depth analysis as well as dramatic interpretation of this scene. Considering also the original text by Menyhért (Melchior) Lengyel (which contains this scene) and the totality of the final version of Bartók’s pantomime, the article proposes a characterization for the girl and offers a hypothesis for the reason for the omission of this scene from the final version.
The interrelation of rhythm and pitch in Bartók’s first Piano Concerto
Authors: Byrne Cathy
Published: July 2013

The central hypothesis of this paper is that rhythmic patterns in Bartók’s melodies correlate with intervallic structure. Recognition of a motif or phrase as a distinct musical idea depends on its rhythmic character as well as its ordering of pitches. Rhythmic asymmetry is also significant to the rhythm-pitch interrelation theory. In Bartók’s music, rhythm often varies while the melodic identity is retained. Equally, his use of chromaticism and inversion as forms of melodic variation often occur with the rhythmic identity intact. Many rhythmic patterns form phrases that undergo such extreme changes of pitch that the phrase is defined by rhythm. The analysis of the first movement’s exposition of the Concerto no. 1 for Piano and Orchestra (1926) examines the extent to which rhythm is organised according to melody.
Four observations, to read in ten minutes, about modern Thematic Catalogues in music
Authors: Seiffert Wolf-Dieter
Published: July 2013

The paper is meant to be an introduction to László Somfai’s lecture on the Béla Bartók Thematic Catalogue in progress to be published by G. Henle Verlag. The author calls attention to a wealth of new thematic catalogues in print. The mutual interdependence of thematic catalogues and complete edition projects is emphasized. While discussing online databases on composers and thematic catalogues, the advantages and limitations of online resources are also pointed out.
Bartók’s Bulgarian Dances and the order of things
Authors: Vikárius László
Published: July 2013

Bartók’s “Six Dances in Bulgarian Rhythm,” the only formally self-contained set within the Mikrokosmos, is the crowning series of pieces in this huge compendium of the composer’s later piano music. Since Bartók recorded all six of them in 1940, they are ideal for an investigation of performance issues. The recordings from the Mikrokosmos, although relatively late, are fortunately close to the composition of most of the pieces, which makes these recordings all the more “authentic.” The essay, however, focuses on the concept of the series as a series revisiting the compositional manuscripts, discussing the evolution of the individual pieces and the emergence of the idea of the set (first intended to comprise only five pieces) and Bulgarian rhythm as a pedagogical issue within the series. The “Six Dances” also bear a somewhat enigmatic dedication to the British pianist of Jewish descent, Harriet Cohen, obviously not an accidental choice. The dedication might be considered with what Bartók said in an interview in 1940 about the “hibridity” of national musical types in his “Bulgarian” pieces as well as with his article “Race Purity in Music” (1942) in mind. The significance of order and ordering in Bartók’s creative work, a hitherto little discussed common central element in the various fields of his activity, collecting, performing and composing, are also discussed.
Bartók’s Viola Concerto manuscript: Some questions and speculations
Authors: Antokoletz Elliott
Published: July 2013

The question of authenticity in the creation of Bartók’s Viola Concerto has been one of the most enigmatic in the viola repertoire. Inconsistencies among revisions of the work by different scholars since the first attempt by Tibor Serly in 1946 reveal that the task of uncovering an authentic final version by scrutinizing the manuscript itself is not always a clearcut or “purely mechanical” endeavor. Following a brief overview of the manuscript’s layout, this article addresses some ambiguous details based on a number of puzzling indications. Some of these questions can only be resolved by acquiring an in-depth knowledge of Bartók’s musical language. The manuscript draft is thereby approached not only by studying the primary-source materials alone, but also by means of a theoretic-analytical approach. The latter takes into account principles of modality, polymodal combination, and more abstract types of pitch sets, such as hybrid modes, the octatonic scale, and other more chromatic configurations. General types of scalar or modal construction are discussed as basic determinants in performing certain figural details. Such principles as diatonic expansion, chromatic compression, and polymodal chromaticism are shown, for instance, to be essential for understanding the content and function of the trill figures and the larger linear constructions to which they belong. Thus, we may assume that the combined levels of research and analysis suggested above are essential in arriving at Bartók’s authentic conception.
Bartók performance practice through correspondence
Authors: Gillies Malcolm
Published: July 2013

Questions of source, style and interpretation have been central to the work of the Budapest Bartók Archives over its first half-century. The author looks at various issues of work genesis, structure, and interpretation, in works by Mahler and Riley, before considering the “definitive” state of Bartók’s Viola Concerto and the Sonata for Solo Violin, and the current availability of different editions of Bartók’s late works. He then outlines ways in which correspondence, both to and from Bartók, illuminates the rich and varied path from sketch to score to work première, and on to the earliest stages of performing interpretation. The paper concludes with seven examples where performance practice is enlightened by observations in Bartók’s correspondence: innovative work combination, comparative work quality or difficulty, compositional archetypes and models, processes of work revision, song-text translations, section or movement timings, and issues of correction versus revision.
Aloe vera-based formula as emollient on horses' hooves
Authors: Simonato Samuel Pereira , Souza Maria Verônica de , Diaz Marisa Alves Nogueira , Frassy Luiza Neme , Pinto José de Oliveira
Published: July 2013

The present study aimed at developing an Aloe vera-based formula for topical use on horse hoof and evaluating whether the treatment affects hooves growth and balance. Six healthy male horses between the ages of 3 and 17 years (12±5.25) were used, all semi-confined animals for breeding purposes. Before beginning A. vera treatment, animals underwent two trimming procedures with a 45 days-interval. After the second trimming, one of the forelimbs and one of the hindlimbs of 4 horses was weekly treated by topical application of the glycolic extract of A. vera at 20%. The contralateral limb, randomly chosen, received the extract at 50%. The hooves of the other animals were treated with propylene glycol. Treatment was done for 225 days and, during this time, animals underwent periodic trimming. Variables related to growth and balance of the hooves were measured before and after trimming. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and regression analysis at 5% significance. Growth rate of the hooves was not related to treatment. On the other hand, the 50% extract was related to the majority of the hooves in balance (p<0.05). Results suggest that a weekly topical treatment with A. vera glycolic extract does not improve the growth rate of the hooves; however, when applied at a high concentration, it improves their balance.
Fluxo de biomassa em capim-massai durante o estabelecimento e rebrotação com e sem adubação nitrogenada
Authors: Lopes Marcos Neves , Cândido Magno José Duarte , Pompeu Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco , Silva Rodrigo Gregório da , Lopes José Wellington Batista , Fernandes Francisco Ronaldo Belém , Lacerda Claudivan Feitosa de , Bezerra Francisco Marcus Lima
Published: July 2013

A produção de biomassa em uma pastagem pode ser incrementada com o uso de fertilizantes, principalmente os nitrogenados. Diante disso, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o fluxo de biomassa do capim-massai, durante o estabelecimento e a rebrotação, em casa de vegetação, sob cinco doses de nitrogênio (0; 150; 300; 450 e 600 mg de N dm-3 de solo), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo, e cinco repetições. A taxa de alongamento foliar foi incrementada pelas doses de nitrogênio (N) e o crescimento de estabelecimento apresentou maior valor, em relação ao das rebrotações. A taxa de alongamento das hastes não foi influenciada pelas doses de N. O crescimento de estabelecimento apresentou maior valor para esta variável, em relação ao das rebrotações. A taxa de senescência foliar anterior não sofreu influência das doses de N, porém, foi alterada entre os ciclos de crescimento. O número de folhas vivas por perfilho foi superior, para as maiores doses e no estabelecimento, o inverso ocorrendo para o filocrono. A dose aplicada de 600 mg dm-3 de N proporcionou um incremento de 448%, na taxa de produção de forragem, e de 455%, na taxa de acúmulo de forragem, em relação àquelas do manejo sem N. A adubação nitrogenada proporciona respostas positivas nas variáveis do fluxo de biomassa do capim-massai.
Teor e composição química do óleo essencial e crescimento vegetativo de Aloysia triphylla em diferentes espaçamentos e épocas de colheita
Authors: Paulus Dalva , Valmorbida Raquel , Toffoli Ezequiel , Nava Gilmar Antônio , Paulus Eloi
Published: July 2013

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a produção de biomassa, o teor e os componentes do óleo essencial de Aloysia triphylla, em função de diferentes espaçamentos de plantas e épocas de colheita. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos, no período de março de 2010 a janeiro de 2012. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial (3 x 11), parcelas subdivididas, sendo alocados na parcela três espaçamentos de plantio (1,0 x 1,0 m, 1,0 x 0,80 m, 1,0 x 0,60 m, entre linhas e entre plantas, respectivamente) e, nas subparcelas, 11 épocas de colheita (outubro/2010, novembro/2010, dezembro/2010, janeiro/2011, fevereiro/2011, março/2011, abril/2011, maio/2011, junho/2011, agosto/2011, setembro/2011). As características analisadas foram: altura de plantas, área foliar, biomassas fresca e seca, teor e composição química do óleo essencial. O óleo essencial foi extraído pela técnica de hidrodestilação, utilizando-se o aparelho de Clevenger, e analisado em cromatografia gasosa e espectrofotometria de massa (CG/EM). O espaçamento 1,0 x 1,0 m resultou em maior altura de plantas (1,57 m), área foliar (4.460,3 cm²), biomassas fresca (1.266 g por planta) e seca (594 g por planta) e teor de óleo essencial (0,30%). A colheita realizada no mês de fevereiro resultou em maior teor de óleo essencial (0,45%). Os componentes químicos do óleo essencial variam com espaçamentos e épocas de colheita, sendo o maior teor de citral no espaçamento 1,0 x 1,0 m e nos meses de setembro a abril.
Adubação nitrogenada e potássica na severidade da antracnose em dois cultivares de milho
Authors: Carvalho Diego de Oliveira , Pozza Edson Ampélio , Casela Carlos Roberto , Costa Rodrigo Véras da , Pozza Adélia Aziz Alexandre , Carvalho César Oliveira
Published: July 2013

O equilíbrio nutricional pode contribuir para a resistência das plantas às doenças. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da interação entre as adubações nitrogenada e potássica na severidade das lesões da antracnose foliar e na nutrição mineral da cultura do milho, foram instalados dois experimentos, em casa de vegetação com dois cultivares, o DAS 2B710 (moderadamente resistente à doença) e o BRS 1010 (susceptível), cinco doses de N (75, 150, 300, 600 e 1200 mg dm-3) e cinco doses de K 63, 125, 250, 500 e 1000 mg dm-3). O delineamento experimental para cada cultivar foi em blocos inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 5, com 25 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Cada vaso com quatro plantas constituiu uma parcela experimental. As doses de N e K foram divididas em quatro parcelas, com intervalos de dez dias a partir da semeadura, para os dois cultivares. Aos 21 dias após a semeadura, as plantas foram inoculadas e levadas para câmara úmida, com fotoperíodo de 16 horas, no escuro durante três dias consecutivos. Avaliou-se a severidade das lesões diariamente, até 11 dias após a inoculação. Aos 43 dias após a semeadura, a parte aérea das plantas foi colhida, secada e moída para determinar os teores de N e de K. A quantidade de área foliar lesionada dependeu da interação entre os nutrientes. Em ambos os cultivares, os menores valores de severidade foram observados na menor dose de N, combinada com a maior dose de K. A severidade das lesões observada no cultivar moderadamente resistente foi 41% menor que a observada no cultivar susceptível. A adubação nitrogenada influenciou de forma negativa o teor de K da parte aérea.
Crescimento inicial de arbóreas nativas em solo salino-sódico do nordeste brasileiro tratado com corretivos
Authors: Sá Francisco Vanies da Silva , Araujo Josinaldo Lopes , Novaes Maurício Cavalcante de , Silva Alexandre Paiva da , Pereira Francisco Hevilásio Freire , Lopes Kilson Pinheiro
Published: July 2013

O excesso de sais e de sódio no solo é um dos fatores que mais contribuem para a degradação química dos solos de perímetros irrigados, em regiões áridas e semiáridas. Por essa razão, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito de corretivos, na recuperação de um solo degradado por excesso de sais e sódio, e o crescimento inicial de cinco arbóreas nativas do bioma Caatinga, em solo salino-sódico. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos, em casa de vegetação, no CCTA/UFCG, utilizando-se amostras de um solo salino-sódico. O primeiro experimento constou de cinco tratamentos de correção do solo: sem corretivo, gesso agrícola na dose de 100% da necessidade de gesso (NG), gesso agrícola na dose de 50% NG mais matéria orgânica (MO), enxofre elementar (S) na dose de 100% NG e S na dose de 50% NG + MO, com 15 repetições. No segundo experimento, os tratamentos foram constituídos por um esquema fatorial 5 x 5, sendo cinco espécies arbóreas: tamboril (Enterolobium contortisiliquum), sabiá (Mimosa caelsalpiniifolia), jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora), craibeira (Tabebuia aurea) e pereiro (Aspidosperma pyrifolium) e cinco tratamentos referentes à correção do solo do primeiro experimento, com três repetições. A aplicação de gesso agrícola ou S com ou sem MO melhorou quimicamente o solo salino-sódico estudado, especialmente diminuindo a PST. Estes tratamentos proporcionaram incrementos no crescimento e acúmulo de massa de matéria seca das espécies arbóreas, principalmente jurema-preta, sabiá e tamboril, e diminuíram o estresse provocado pelo solo salino-sódico sobre as plantas, aumentando a taxa fotossintética.
Effect of cattle manure on sunflower production and water use in two types of soil
Authors: Maia Filho Francisco das Chagas Fernandes , Mesquita Evandro Franklin de , Guerra Hugo Orlando Carvallo , Moura Mácio Farias , Chaves Lúcia Helena Garófalo
Published: July 2013

The aim of the present study was to evaluate water consumption, use efficiency and yield components of sunflower variety Embrapa 122 V/2000 cultivated in two types of soil (Fluvissol and Haplic Luvisol) subjected to increasing doses of cattle manure. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme. The irrigation was performed every other day, replacing the water absorbed by the plants. The water consumption and the use efficiency were evaluated, being the use efficiency determined by the ratio of the total dry mass of sunflower and the amount of water used to produce it in each treatment. Plants were harvested at 95 days after sowing when the following parameters were evaluated: number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant, weight of 1000 seeds and the outer diameter of the capitulum (head). The results showed that the sunflower was positively affected by cattle manure application, increasing the production components and the water use efficiency, regardless of the type of soil. Excepting for the 1000 seeds weight and the water use efficiency, the type of soil affected significantly the water use, the number and weight of seeds per plant. The plants cultivated in Haplic Luvisol had a better performance.
Respostas de culturas à adubação sulfatada e deposição de enxofre atmosférico
Authors: Tiecher Tales , Santos Danilo Rheinheimer dos , Alvarez Jimmy Walter Rasche , Mallmann Fábio Joel Kochem , Piccin Rogério , Brunetto Gustavo
Published: July 2013

Solos com baixo teor de argila e matéria orgânica apresentam baixa disponibilidade de enxofre (S) e, por isso, as culturas podem responder à adubação sulfatada. No entanto, a mobilidade de S no perfil do solo e sua deposição atmosférica pela água da chuva dificultam o estabelecimento do nível de suficiência do nutriente no solo. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta de culturas à adubação sulfatada e quantificar o S atmosférico depositado no solo pela água da chuva. Os cultivos avaliados (mamoneira, trigo, feijão-de-porco e milheto) foram realizados entre 2006 e 2009, em um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico. As doses de S aplicadas em cada cultivo foram de 0, 5, 10 e 20 kg ha-1, utilizando-se gesso agrícola como fonte de S. Avaliaram-se a produção de matéria seca e o acúmulo de S na parte aérea do milheto e do feijão-de-porco, e a produção e o teor de S nos grãos de mamona e de trigo. Determinou-se o teor de S disponível no solo até 60 cm de profundidade e a deposição de S pelas precipitações. A maior produção de grãos da mamona e de matéria seca do segundo cultivo de feijão-de-porco foi obtida com aplicação de 14,5±0,35 kg ha-1 de S. Mesmo com teores de S abaixo dos níveis de suficiência, não houve respostas do trigo, do milheto e do primeiro cultivo de feijão-de-porco à adubação sulfatada. O aporte de S atmosférico ao solo foi de 4,5 kg ha-1 ano-1 e pode ter contribuído para a ausência de resposta desses cultivos.
Rootstocks resistant to Meloidogyne incognita and compatibility of grafting in net melon
Authors: Galatti Francine de Souza , Franco Alexandre Junqueira , Ito Letícia Akemi , Charlo Hamilton de Oliveira , Gaion Lucas Aparecido , Braz Leila Trevisan
Published: July 2013

Due to the few studies about grafting in net melon, in order to obtain better control of soil pathogens, the aim of the present study was to evaluate 16 genotypes of Cucurbitaceae: Benincasa hispida, Luffa cylindrica, pumpkin 'Jacarezinho', pumpkin 'Menina Brasileira', squash 'Exposição', squash 'Coroa', pumpkin 'Canhão Seca', pumpkin 'Squash', pumpkin 'Enrrugado Verde', pumpkin 'Mini Paulista', pumpkin 'Goianinha', watermelon 'Charleston Gray', melon 'Rendondo Gaucho', melon 'Redondo Amarelo', cucumber 'Caipira HS' and cucumber 'Caipira Rubi', regarding to compatibility of grafting in net melon and resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, based on the reproduction factor (RF), according to Oostenbrink (1966). To assess resistance, the seedlings were transplanted to ceramic pots and inoculated with 300/mL eggs and/or second stage juveniles of M. incognita. At 50 days after transplanting, the plants were removed from the pots and the resistance was evaluated. The compatibility between resistant rootstock and grafts of net melon was determined by performing simple cleft grafting, in a commercial net melon hybrid of great market acceptance and susceptible to M. incognita (Bonus no. 2). The genotypes Luffa cylindrica, pumpkin 'Goianinha', pumpkin 'Mini-Paulista', melon 'Redondo Amarelo', watermelon 'Charleston Gray' are resistant to the nematode M. incognita. The better compatibilities occurred with the rootstocks melon 'Amarelo', which presented 100% of success, followed by pumpkin 'Mini-Paulista' with 94%. On the other hand, Sponge gourd, watermelon 'Charleston Gray' and pumpkin 'Goianinha' showed low graft take percentages of 66%, 62% and 50%, respectively.
Insatisfação com a imagem corporal em modalidades esportivas do sexo masculino
Authors: Fortes Leonardo de Sousa , Almeida Sebastião de Sousa , Ferreira Maria Elisa Caputo
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: Comparar a insatisfação com a imagem corporal entre jovens atletas do sexo masculino com e sem riscos para transtornos alimentares (TA) e entre modalidades esportivas de magreza/classe de peso e coletivo/potência. MÉTODOS: Participaram da pesquisa 464 jovens atletas do sexo masculino com idade entre 10 e 19 anos, praticantes de 12 modalidades esportivas. Utilizaram-se o Body Shape Questionnaire e o Eating Attitudes Test para avaliar insatisfação com a imagem corporal e comportamento alimentar, respectivamente. Aferiram-se dobras cutâneas, massa corporal e estatura para estimar percentual de gordura e calcular o índice de massa corporal, respectivamente. Conduziu-se análise univariada de covariância para comparar insatisfação com a imagem corporal entre grupos de modalidades esportivas e com/sem riscos para TA. RESULTADOS: Os resultados não evidenciaram diferenças de insatisfação com a imagem corporal entre os grupos de modalidades esportivas. Por outro lado, os achados indicaram diferenças nos escores do BSQ em função dos grupos com e sem riscos para TA (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que o tipo de esporte praticado não acentuou a insatisfação com a imagem corporal, no entanto os atletas com comportamentos alimentares inadequados demonstraram maior depreciação com o peso e a aparência física.
Completude do sistema de informação sobre mortalidade por suicídio em idosos no estado da Bahia
Authors: Rios Marcela Andrade , Anjos Karla Ferraz dos , Meira Saulo Sacramento , Nery Adriana Alves , Casotti Cezar Augusto
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: Analisar a completude dos dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade sobre os óbitos por suicídio em idosos no estado da Bahia, no período de 1996 a 2010. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico, de desenho ecológico, com base em dados dos óbitos de idosos por suicídios, no estado da Bahia, disponibilizados no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade, referentes ao período de 1996 a 2010, sendo calculada a incompletude das variáveis relacionadas aos óbitos e analisada por meio de um escore. Realizou-se análise de tendência temporal dos dados de incompletude por meio da estimação de modelos de regressão polinomial, utilizando o programa SPSS 15.0, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Registrou-se no período um total de 625 casos de suicídio em idosos. As taxas de não completude oscilaram de acordo com a variável e o ano, destacando-se raça/cor, escolaridade, fonte de informação e assistência médica como aquelas com os maiores índices de não preenchimento. Houve tendência decrescente para a não completude dos dados quanto a grau de instrução, raça/cor, fonte da informação e realização de necropsia para confirmação da causa básica do óbito. Para as demais variáveis não foram encontrados valores estatisticamente significantes nos modelos testados. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se melhoria na completude dos dados de suicídios em idosos na Bahia, sendo observadas tendências decrescentes ou não significativas estatisticamente.
Obtenção de plantas de feijão-caupi resistentes ao Cowpea severe mosaic virus e ao Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus
Authors: Barros Gislanne Brito , Nogueira Maria do Socorro da Rocha , Oliveira Cláudia Roberta Ribeiro de , Freire Filho Francisco Rodrigues , Ribeiro Valdenir Queiroz , Veiga Carlos Frederico de Menezes , Brioso Paulo Sérgio Torres , Eiras Marcelo
Published: July 2013

Dentre os vírus que infectam o feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) destacam-se, respectivamente, pela severidade e ampla ocorrência o Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) e o Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). Portanto, objetivaram-se, no presente trabalho, obter e avaliar plantas de feijão-caupi com resistência ao CPSMV e ao CABMV, visando ao desenvolvimento de cultivares essencialmente derivadas e novas cultivares. Realizaram-se oito cruzamentos seguidos de retrocruzamentos, utilizando a linhagem TE 97-309G-9 e a cultivar Patativa como genitores resistentes, e as cultivares BR3-Tracuateua, BRS-Urubuquara, BRS-Novaera, BRS-Guariba e Pretinho como genitores suscetíveis. As gerações F2 e F2RC1 foram desafiadas quanto à resistência por meio de inoculação mecânica com isolados do CPSMV e do CABMV. Nas gerações F2RC1, além da resistência foram avaliados os caracteres: número de dias para o início da floração, comprimento das vagens, número de grãos. vagem-1, peso de cem grãos e produção de grãos.planta-1. Todos os indivíduos F2 e F2RC1 foram analisados pelo teste χ² e se ajustaram à frequência esperada de 15 plantas suscetíveis 1 planta resistente a ambos os vírus. As médias das plantas F2RC1 resistentes, de cada retrocruzamento, foram comparadas com a média do seu respectivo genitor recorrente pelo teste 't' e as médias dos retrocruzamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Foi detectada variabilidade genética entre os retrocruzamentos para todos os caracteres. Todos os retrocruzamentos foram considerados promissores para produção de cultivares essencialmente derivadas resistentes ao CPSMV e ao CABMV e as plantas selecionadas possuem características que possibilitam a seleção de linhagens com grãos de bom padrão comercial e altamente produtivas.
Acute fasciolosis in cattle in southern Brazil
Authors: Adrien Maria de Lourdes , Schild Ana Lucia , Marcolongo-Pereira Clairton , Fiss Letícia , Ruas Jerônimo L. , Grecco Fabiane B. , Raffi Margarida B.
Published: July 2013

This study describes the epidemiological and pathological aspects of an outbreak of acute fasciolosis in cattle in southern Brazil. Fifteen out of 70 three-year-old pregnant cows lost weight in the 30-40 days prior to calving. Clinical signs included diarrhea, weakness, mild anemia and jaundice. Dark yellow fluid in the abdominal cavity was observed at necropsy. Fibrin and clotted blood were adhered to the pericardium and lung, primarily in the diaphragmatic lobes. The liver was enlarged, and the capsular surface was irregular with clear areas and petechiae. At the cut surface, the liver was irregular, firm and edematous, and several hemorrhagic channels could be observed. Areas of fibrosis through the parenchyma and whitish thrombi occluding the great vessels were also observed. The livers of 10 cows that not died were condemned at slaughter for lesions of fasciolosis similar to those observed at necropsy. Microscopically, the liver showed areas of coagulation necrosis, extensive hemorrhages in the streaks or foci and disruption of the parenchyma with neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration. Fibrosis and bile duct proliferation were also observed. Immature Fasciola hepatica flukes were observed in the parenchyma surrounded by degenerated hepatocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and hemorrhages. The outbreak occurred on a farm located in an area endemic for fasciolosis, although the acute form of the disease is not common in cattle in this region. It is likely that the cows were infected by F. hepatica metacercariae released in the late fall or early spring in the rice stubble where the herd was grazing prior to calving. Although mortality due to fasciolosis in cattle is infrequent, outbreaks can occur and treatments that are effective in both the immature and adult forms of the parasite should be administered to prevent economic losses.
Economic losses due to bovine brucellosis in Brazil
Authors: Santos Renato L. , Martins Telma M. , Borges Álan M. , Paixão Tatiane A.
Published: July 2013

Brucellosis is an important zoonosis of worldwide distribution. Reliable epidemiologic brucellosis data covering approximately 90% of the cattle population in Brazil have been recently published. Therefore, considering the scarcity of information regarding the economic impact of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, the goal of this study was to estimate economic impact of brucellosis on the Brazilian cattle industry. Several parameters including abortion and perinatal mortality rates, temporary infertility, replacement costs, mortality, veterinary costs, milk and meat losses were considered in the model. Bovine brucellosis in Brazil results in an estimated loss of R$ 420,12 or R$ 226,47 for each individual dairy or beef infected female above 24 months of age, respectively. The total estimated losses in Brazil attributed to bovine brucellosis were estimated to be approximately R$ 892 million (equivalent to about 448 million American dollars). Every 1% increase or decrease in prevalence is expected to increase or decrease the economic burden of brucellosis in approximately 155 million Reais.
O direito à vida no contexto do aborto e da pesquisa com células-tronco embrionárias: disputas de agentes e valores religiosos em um estado laico
Authors: Luna Naara
Published: July 2013

O artigo aborda o debate público sobre o direito à vida no contexto da autorização da pesquisa com células-tronco embrionárias e no debate sobre o aborto, enfocando a participação de atores religiosos e seus valores. Serão examinados o debate legislativo e judiciário da Lei de Biossegurança e a audiência pública da ADPF 54, referente à antecipação de parto de anencéfalo. Esta pesquisa documental analisa a transcrição da audiência pública da ADPF 54, e os registros do processo legislativo no Congresso Nacional e da ADI 3510 no Supremo Tribunal Federal. Os resultados revelam, além da centralidade do argumento do valor da vida, a diversidade na atuação dos agentes religiosos, com hegemonia da Igreja Católica e a emergência de evangélicos e espíritas.
Religião, mídia e produção fonográfica: o Diante do Trono e as disputas com a Igreja Universal
Authors: Rosas Nina
Published: July 2013

Este artigo apresenta notas sobre a relação entre religião, mídia e produção fonográfica através da exposição de dados sobre o Diante do Trono (DT), a Igreja Universal (IURD) e uma controvérsia que envolve ambos. A narrativa mostra o sucesso do DT e recupera parte da trajetória da IURD a fim de compreender as acusações feitas por Edir Macedo contra a cantora da banda. Destaca-se a disputa de dois conglomerados empresariais: de um lado o da IURD, com a TV Record buscando audiência e a Line Records tentando se manter no mercado gospel; de outro, o das Organizações Globo, que vem se aproximando dos evangélicos através da música e conta com a Som Livre como distribuidora dos trabalhos do DT desde 2009.