bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Key Point of the System of Professional Development Is to Provide the Teacher with an Opportunity for Self-Identification at Work
Authors: Rachevsky E.L.
Published: November 2017

В рамках подготовки специального выпуска журнала «Психологическая наука и образование», посвященного профессиональному стандарту педагога, мы побеседовали о национальной системе учительского роста с директором Центра образования «Царицыно» № 548 г.Москвы, народным учителем России Ефимом Лазаревичем Рачевским.Национальная система учительского роста (НСУР) предусматривает введение нескольких педагогических должностей – «учитель», «старший учитель» и «ведущий учитель», – каждая из которых характеризуется все более разнообразным набором профессиональных компетенций.Представляем адаптированный журнальный вариант этого интервью.
Social Status of the Teaching Profession: Self-Determination in Russian Teachers
Authors: Husnutdinova M.R.
Published: November 2017

There is a sharp contradiction between the high importance of work performed for society and a low professional status of general education teachers in the Russian society.The article presents outcomes of a sociological survey “Professional Identity of Modern Teacher” carried out by the Monitoring Research Department of the Moscow State University of Psychology & Education in the spring of 2016.This survey reflects the teachers’ self-assessment of the status of their profession.A total of 1,024 teachers of general education organizations were surveyed in 9 federal districts of the Russian Federation, except the Crimea.The survey was conducted on a three-stage stratified probabilistic sample.The research model of the teacher's social status includes the analysis of the three leading components: prestige, respect and satisfaction with work process.According to the results of the survey, despite the teachers' low assessment of the social prestige of their professional group, they perceive their activities as respected by students and their parents, and also feel satisfied with the results of their work.
The Structure of School Textbook as an Object of Academic Research (With a New Type of Russian Language Textbook as an Example)
Authors: Granik G.G.
Published: November 2017

The paper reviews the problem of the structure and functions of the Russian language textbook in a retrospective aspect.A critical analysis of psychological and didactic research in this field revealed that, despite a significant number of published works, the question of the scientifically grounded structure and functions of the textbook has not been resolved.The structure of textbooks of a new type described in the paper was developed basing on the systematization and generalization of psychodidactic knowledge as well as on the fundamental and individual studies carried out by the authors of these textbooks.The paper outlines the key principles of this Russian language course developed for students of 1st-9th grades.This course is built on a syntactic basis and is designed not as concentric circles, like the existing textbooks, but as an expanding spiral.The paper reviews the structural components of the textbook (theoretical linguistic texts, theoretical psychodidactic texts, fiction texts and educational texts of the tasks) which are aimed at forming the psychological mechanisms of literate oral and written speech in schoolchildren, at developing their text comprehension skills, awakening their emotions through reading.The paper concludes with examples of some structural components of the textbook.
Subject-Environment Interactions with Television and the Internet in the Context of Traditional and Modern Gender Representations
Authors: Lidskaya E.V. , Mdivani M.O.
Published: November 2017

The article focuses on the identification of the relationship between gender representations and subject-environment interactions using the example of TV and the Internet. Among the considered interactions are object, subject and quasi-subject types. The survey involved 400 respondents, 40% male and 60% female, aged 18 to 65 years. The respondents filled out two online questionnaires. One questionnaire (GRBS) was aimed at assessing the respondents’ propensity to traditional or modern gender-role representations. The other questionnaire was a technique developed on the basis of eco-psychological types of interaction with the information environment. The study revealed a correlation between gender representations and the types of interaction with TV and the Internet. Interactions with TV most often refer to the object type, and least often to the quasi-subject one. The indicators for all three types of interactions were higher in the respondents with traditional gender beliefs as compared to the respondents with modern gender beliefs. The correlation between gender stereotypes and the Internet was found only in women and only in the case of quasi-subject type of interactions.
Flash Continuous Glucose Monitoring and its IMPACT to REPLACE Blood Glucose Monitoring in the Management of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Twigg Stephen M ,   Central Clinical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia, Kazemi Mahmood R ,   Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, California, US, Craig Maria E ,   The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, and Charles Perkins Centre Westmead, The University of Sydney, Australia; School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Published: November 2017

Objective: Established methods of self-monitoring of glucose levels include capillary self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and interstitial continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Flash CGM is a novel form of self-monitoring that provides on-demand continuous interstitial glucose profiles. The purpose of this article is to critically review the recent outcome data from randomized controlled trials that assessed the efficacy and safety of flash CGM to replace routine SMBG in diabetes management. Methods: Two recent six-month, prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trials in type 1 (IMPACT; NCT02232698) and type 2 (REPLACE; NCT02082184) diabetes compared flash CGM with SMBG under otherwise usual care conditions. The trials did not use a prescribed treatment algorithm based on self-monitoring of glucose. Results: Both trials demonstrated that the time spent in hypoglycemia over a 24-hour period, as well as overnight, was markedly reduced by flash CGM without deterioration in glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels. In IMPACT there was a 38% reduction in time in hypoglycemia with flash CGM versus SMBG, and in REPLACE there was a 43% reduction in time in hypoglycemia with flash CGM compared with SMBG. Moreover, patient satisfaction improved with flash CGM, usage adherence rates were high, and flash CGM was well tolerated. Conclusions: The findings from these trials suggest that improved care outcomes can be achieved when flash CGM is integrated into current established clinical care paradigms. Flash CGM provides important advantages over SMBG that are likely to be applicable to real-world care of individuals with differing forms of diabetes requiring intensive insulin treatment.
Una “Toledo Extremeña”. Contribución del Servicio de Ordenación de Ciudades Históricas a la monumentalización de Trujillo (Cáceres) durante el desarrollismo franquista
Authors: Pardo Fernández María Antonia
Published: November 2017

Al incremento notable del número de declaraciones de conjuntos históricos que se produjo en la década de los sesenta sucedió una importante labor de restauración monumental durante ese decenio y el siguiente, y fruto de ello fue la transformación de numerosas poblaciones españolas reconocidas como Conjuntos Histórico Artísticos. Una actividad restauradora de la que se encargaron la Dirección General de Bellas Artes del Ministerio de Educación Nacional y también la Dirección General de Arquitectura del Ministerio de Vivienda, desarrollando esta última una importante labor de recuperación arquitectónica desde su sección de Ordenación de Ciudades Históricas. Ambos organismos fueron los responsables del establecimiento de la imagen actual de buena parte de los conjuntos histórico artísticos españoles, valiéndose para ello de criterios muy similares heredados del período anterior.
Clinical study of coexistence of fungal infections in diabetic foot ulcers and its management
Authors: Raza Mohammed , Anurshetru Basavarajendra S.
Published: November 2017

Background: Presently 62 million Indians are diabetics and these numbers are on the rise. Amongst chronic complications of uncontrolled diabetes, foot ulcer is one. Diabetes is the leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputation in developing countries with risk being 15 to 46 times higher. Infections are predominantly polymicrobial, predominantly Aerobic Gram-Positive cocci with higher incidence of anaerobic species and fungal infections. Treatment of fungal infections in diabetic foot ulcers might reduce the disability, morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients.Methods: A total of 100 diabetic foot ulcer patients admitted or who visited to JSS Hospital over a period of 2 years, meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the study, formed the study population. Detailed history, clinical evaluation & necessary investigations were done. Fungal isolation from the ulcer done by 10% KOH study, Gram stain, SDA culture and slide culture methods. Positive patients were treated with antifungal agents. Outcome of the disease studied based on ulcer progression, wound healing and tissue amputations.Results: Polymicrobial flora in diabetic foot ulcers was seen (137 organisms in 100 subjects), predominantly Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas. Prevalence of fungal infections in present study was 19%, of which Candida species was the commonest.Conclusions: Present study signifies the need of mycological evaluation of nonhealing diabetic ulcer, with poor progression despite antibacterial therapy & foot care, introduction of antifungal treatment for proved fungal infections in diabetic foot ulcers, considering fungal infection as significant risk factor.
Clinicopathological study and management of diabetic foot
Authors: L. Chethan , K. M. Amith
Published: November 2017

Background: The main objectives were to study the bacteriology, pathophysiology of diabetic foot, various limb salvage procedures and outcome, different treatment modalities and newer techniques wherever applicable to prevent complications and to minimise the progression of occurred complication.Methods: 50 patients admitted with diabetic foot presenting with lesions of foot were selected for the study and were managed conservatively and surgical interventions if needed.Results: Majority of the patients in the study revealed history of trauma preceding the foot complications and the chances of injury increased in these patients because of increased incidence of ischemia, neuropathy and infection. 15 patients in this study had neuropathy, 8 patients had ischemia and all cases were culture positive. 16 cases were managed by daily dressing and wound debridement, and slough excision. 9 patients were treated with Split skin graft, 6 patients with incision and drainage (IandD) for abscess and fasciotomy, 10 cases with disarticulation, below knee amputation (BKA) was done in 4 cases and above knee amputation (AKA) in 5 cases.Conclusions: Males are almost four times more affected than females, duration of diabetes varied from 1 year to 22 years and many patients were diagnosed post admission, trivial trauma of some kind was the initiating factor in nearly half of the cases, commonest presenting lesion was Ulcer 52%, conservative treatment consisting of control of diabetes was effective. Wound debridement, slough excision followed by dressing resulted in healing in some cases. Split skin grafts, Disarticulation, below knee amputation and above knee amputations were the other modes treatment.
Impact of the 2010 US Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act on School Breakfast and Lunch Participation Rates Between 2008 and 2015
Authors: Vaudrin Nicole , Lloyd Kristen , Yedidia Michael J. , Todd Michael , Ohri-Vachaspati Punam
Published: November 2017

Objectives. To evaluate National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and School Breakfast Program (SBP) participation over a 7-year period before and after the implementation of the 2010 Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA), which required healthier school lunch options beginning in school year (SY) 2012–2013 and healthier school breakfast options beginning in SY2013–2014.

Methods. Data were gathered from low-income, high-minority public schools in 4 New Jersey cities. We conducted longitudinal analyses of annual average daily participation (ADP) in school meals among enrolled students overall and among those eligible for free or reduced-price meals. We used linear mixed models to compare NSLP and SBP participation rates from SY2008–2009 to SY2014–2015.

Results. NSLP participation rates among students overall differed little across years (from 70% to 72%). SBP rates among enrolled students were stable from the beginning of the study period to SY2013–2014 and then increased from 52% to 59%. Among students eligible for free or reduced-price meals, the ADP was lowest in SY2012–2013 (when the HHFKA was implemented) before rebounding.

Conclusions. The HHFKA did not have a negative impact on school meal participation over time.

Public Health Implications. The HHFKA-strengthened nutrition standards have not affected school meal participation rates. With time, students are likely to accept healthier options.
Characteristics of HIV-Positive Transgender Men Receiving Medical Care: United States, 2009–2014
Authors: Lemons Ansley , Beer Linda , Finlayson Teresa , McCree Donna Hubbard , Lentine Daniel , Shouse R. Luke ,   for the Medical Monitoring Project
Published: November 2017

Objectives. To present the first national estimate of the sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of HIV-positive transgender men receiving medical care in the United States.

Methods. This analysis included pooled interview and medical record data from the 2009 to 2014 cycles of the Medical Monitoring Project, which used a 3-stage, probability-proportional-to-size sampling methodology.

Results. Transgender men accounted for 0.16% of all adults and 11% of all transgender adults receiving HIV medical care in the United States from 2009 to 2014. Of these HIV-positive transgender men receiving medical care, approximately 47% lived in poverty, 69% had at least 1 unmet ancillary service need, 23% met criteria for depression, 69% were virally suppressed at their last test, and 60% had sustained viral suppression over the previous 12 months.

Conclusions. Although they constitute a small proportion of all HIV-positive patients, more than 1 in 10 transgender HIV-positive patients were transgender men. Many experienced socioeconomic challenges, unmet needs for ancillary services, and suboptimal health outcomes. Attention to the challenges facing HIV-positive transgender men may be necessary to achieve the National HIV/AIDS Strategy goals of decreasing disparities and improving health outcomes among transgender persons.
Use of historical data in flood frequency analysis: a case study for four catchments in Norway
Authors: Engeland Kolbjørn , Wilson Donna , Borsányi Péter , Roald Lars , Holmqvist Erik
Published: November 2017

There is a need to estimate design floods for areal planning and the design of important infrastructure. A major challenge is the mismatch between the length of the flood records and needed return periods. A majority of flood time series are shorter than 50 years, and the required return periods might be 200, 500, or 1,000 years. Consequently, the estimation uncertainty is large. In this paper, we investigated how the use of historical information might improve design flood estimation. We used annual maximum data from four selected Norwegian catchments, and historical flood information to provide an indication of water levels for the largest floods in the last two to three hundred years. We assessed the added value of using historical information and demonstrated that both reliability and stability improves, especially for short record lengths and long return periods. In this study, we used information on water levels, which showed the stability of river profiles to be a major challenge.
The ion-exchanger–loop-stripping process: ammonium recovery from sludge liquor using NaCl-treated clinoptilolite and simultaneous air stripping
Authors: Ellersdorfer Markus
Published: November 2017

The technical feasibility of an ammonium recovery process (‘ion-exchanger–loop-stripping’) for sludge liquor from municipal wastewater treatment plants is examined. The proposed process combines ion-exchange on natural zeolites with simultaneous air stripping of ammonia to produce an industrial NOx-removal agent. Column experiments with continuously recycled NH4Cl-solutions and a real sludge liquor sample were conducted to determine basic ion-exchange kinetics of the applied clinoptilolite. Mass balances of consecutive loading/regeneration cycles show the positive influence of NaCl-pretreatment as well as simultaneous air stripping on the NH4+-exchange capacities. Removal rates for NH4+ between 61.5 and 84.6% were achieved at NH4+-concentrations typical for sludge liquor (900 to 2,300 mg L−1). Zeolite loadings ranged from 5 to 8 mg NH4+ g−1 after 90 min of loading. Regeneration rates were between 42.9 and 49.7%, but increased to 64.8% with simultaneous air stripping. A minimal decrease in the ammonium removal rate was observed as a result of matrix effects in sludge liquor (e.g. flocculants, competing ions). Liquid analyses showed a considerable phosphate-reduction in the sludge liquor sample after ion-exchange due to potential struvite or apatite precipitation. The obtained results enable a detailed design, scale-up and further optimization of the ion-exchanger–loop-stripping process in future.
THE MODELING OF STRUCTURAL ENFORCEMENT BY COMPOSITE MATERIALS ON “LIRA-SAPR”
Authors: Barabash Maria S. , Pikul Anatol V. , Bashynska Olga
Published: November 2017

This paper provides detailed suggestions for process of modeling the structural reinforcement by composite materials on the software package "LIRA-SAPR". It provides the implementation of bearing capacity checks for reinforced elements on the program called "ESPRI". The article offers an algorithm for calculation the construction objects in case of the changing of design situation, taking into account the modeling of the composite structure reinforcement. It considers the modeling process of reinforcement of structures using classical methods, such as using of metal casing. In the article you can also find a numerical modeling example of the frame structure reinforcement, with the selection and verification of the composite material. It considered the process of modeling the bearing capacity increasing with using the classical methods, namely the increase of the metal hooping. The article investigates the example of a numerical simulation of the frame bearing capacity increasing with the selection and verification of the composite material. Using the finite element method a mathematical model of the frame structure was constructed. In the frame work it was taken into account the occurrence of the bearing capacity increasing by composite materials in some elements. It compared the kinematic characteristics and effort that have arisen within the frame design model with static analysis, also taking into account physical nonlinearity in the calculation and enhancing certain elements reinforced with composite material. Also in this paper we describe a method of modeling the bearing capacity increasing with using the metal hooping.The calculation of reinforced element is made on the program called ESPRI, followed by an analysis of the overall calculation model work on the software package "LIRA-SAPR". The result of the article is a comparison and analysis of the stress-strain state of the considered computational model for various problem formulations. The results could be used for wider application in the study of methods for increasing the bearing capacity of buildings and structures.
ANALYSIS OF STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE PLATE AROUND SUPPORT ZONES
Authors: Kabantsev Oleg V. , Pesin Kirill O. , Karlin Alexey V.
Published: November 2017

Structural analysis of the formation and evolution processes of structural microdestruction with the tran-sition to macrorestriction occurring during plastic deformation of masonry under biaxial stresses. The dependencies that determine the amount of the plastic phase of the deformation of masonry. Identified processes and their corre-sponding strength criteria, which play a key role in the implementation phase of plastic deformation. It is shown that plastic deformation of masonry under biaxial stresses occurs when the physical line operation of the basic ma-terials of masonry (brick and mortar). Found that the plastic properties of masonry under biaxial stresses are deter-mined by the processes occurring at the nodes of contact interaction of brick and mortar in horizontal and vertical joints. According to the results of numerical studies the values of the coefficients of ductility of masonry at different variants of mechanical characteristics of brick, mortar and adhesive strength of their interaction.
MOBILIZATION AS A CHARACTERISTIC OF RELIABILITY OF STRUCTURES
Authors: Perelmuter Anatolii V.
Published: November 2017

The problem of the differences in the possible reaction of a structure to an unexpected perturbation is considered, taking into account the fact that the limiting state of a structure is a rare phenomenon and most of the time the design is very far from this state. A special measure of the specified quality of the structure is proposed, called mobilization.
METHODOLOGY RESEARCH OF STABILITY OF SHALLOW ORTHOTROPIC SHELLS OF DOUBLE CURVATURE UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING
Authors: Semenov Alexey A.
Published: November 2017

The paper deals with shallow orthotropic shells of double curvature, square in plan, under dynamic loading. Outlines the ratios of the mathematical model of deformation considering the geometric nonlinearity, transverse shear and orthotropy material. For the formation of the ODE system is used method of Kantorovich. The resulting system is solved by the method of Rosenbrock. It is shown the verification of the proposed method for isotropic shells. For several options orthotropic shells made of fiberglass and carbon fiber studied their stability and obtained values of critical loads.
FORMULATION OF MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM DESCRIBING PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES AT CONCRETE CORROSION
Authors: Fedosov Sergey V. , Roumyantseva Varvara E. , Krasilnikov Igor V. , Narmania Boris E.
Published: November 2017

The article deals with the relevance of new scientific research focused on modeling of physical and chemical processes occurring in the cement concrete at their exploitation. The basic types of concrete corrosion are described. The problem of mass transfer processes in a flat reinforced concrete wall at concrete corrosion of the first and the second types has been mathematically formulated.
METHOD OF COMPENSATING LOADS FOR SOLVING OF A PROBLEM OF UNSYMMETRIC BENDING OF INFINITE ICE SLAB WITH CIRCULAR OPENING
Authors: Koreneva Elena B.
Published: November 2017

Unsymmetric flexure of an infinite ice slab with circular opening is under examination. The men-tioned construction is considered as an infinite plate of constant thickness resting on an elastic subgrade which properties are described by Winkler’s model. The plate’s thickness is variable in the area ajoining to the opening. Method of compensating loads is used. Basic and compensating solutions are received. The obtained solutions are produced in closed form in terms of Bessel functions.
PRESSURE- AND LODE-DEPENDENT YIELD CRITERION WITHIN THE PROBLEM OF 2024-T3(51) ALUMINUM ALLOY PLATE PERFORATION BY A RIGID PROJECTILE
Authors: Vershinin Vladislav V. , Mondrus Vladimir I.
Published: November 2017

The problem of perforation of free circular plates made of 2024-T3(51) aluminum alloy or its Russian analogue D16(A)T with various thicknesses normally impacted at their centers by a rigid spherical projectile is considered. The considered problem is numerically simulated through the finite element method utilizing phenomenological pressure- and Lode-dependent yield and fracture criteria along with an associated flow rule and a linear damage accumulation law to describe the target material deformation and fracture. Comparison of the obtained results with the experimental data as well as with the numerical results calculated using less sophisticated phenomenological material models is made. Necessity of a yield criterion pressure and Lode dependence to provide accuracy of numerical simulation is assessed.
CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS OF NUMERICAL MODELLING OF UNIQUE STRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS
Authors: Belostotsky Alexander M. , Akimov Pavel A. , Afanasyeva Irina N. , Kaytukov Taymuraz B.
Published: November 2017

The distinctive paper is devoted to contemporary problems of numerical modelling of unique structures, buildings and facilities and corresponding directions of activity of Scientific Research Center “StaDyO” including development, verification and use of corresponding software, development and refinement of methods of structural analysis, solution of scientific and technical problems, scientific and educational activity. Experience in theoretical and practical computational analysis is under consideration as well (26-year history).
A Technical Guide to Using Amazon's Mechanical Turk in Behavioral Accounting Research
Authors: Buchheit Steve , Doxey Marcus M. , Pollard Troy , Stinson Shane R.
Published: November 2017

Multiple social science researchers claim that online data collection, mainly via Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk), has revolutionized the behavioral sciences (Gureckis et al. 2016; Litman, Robinson, and Abberbock 2017). While MTurk-based research has grown exponentially in recent years (Chandler and Shapiro 2016), reasonable concerns have been raised about online research participants' ability to proxy for traditional research participants (Chandler, Mueller, and Paolacci 2014). This paper reviews recent MTurk research and provides further guidance for recruiting samples of MTurk participants from populations of interest to behavioral accounting researchers. First, we provide guidance on the logistics of using MTurk and discuss the potential benefits offered by TurkPrime, a third-party service provider. Second, we discuss ways to overcome challenges related to targeted participant recruiting in an online environment. Finally, we offer suggestions for disclosures that authors may provide about their efforts to attract participants and analyze responses.
Information Sharing during Auditors' Fraud Brainstorming: Effects of Psychological Safety and Auditor Knowledge
Authors: Gissel Jodi L. , Johnstone Karla M.
Published: November 2017

Conducting a fraud brainstorming session during planning assists with risk-based tailoring of the audit. An effective session should include a team environment in which all members are willing to share information to appropriately calibrate the collective assessment of fraud risk. We report the results of a study (Gissel and Johnstone 2017) in which we manipulate partner leadership in terms of engendering a safe (unsafe) psychological environment whereby subordinates are (are not) encouraged to speak up about fraud-relevant information. Participants are audit staff and seniors, and through the experimental case (based on the Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation fraud) they come to realize that they alone possess fraud-relevant information critical to the team's calibration of fraud risk. These auditors participate in a simulated brainstorming session containing the partner leadership manipulation and indicate changes in their willingness to share the fraud-relevant information with the team. We find that less-knowledgeable auditors become more willing to share their privately known, fraud-relevant information when the partner engenders a safe psychological environment as compared to an unsafe environment. In contrast, more-knowledgeable auditors are impervious to the relative psychological safety engendered by the partner; these individuals are equally willing to speak up regardless of the partner's leadership behavior.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.
International Consensus on Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Danne Thomas , Nimri Revital , Battelino Tadej , Bergenstal Richard M. , Close Kelly L. , DeVries J. Hans , Garg Satish , Heinemann Lutz , Hirsch Irl , Amiel Stephanie A. , Beck Roy , Bosi Emanuele , Buckingham Bruce , Cobelli Claudio , Dassau Eyal , Doyle Francis J. , Heller Simon , Hovorka Roman , Jia Weiping , Jones Tim , Kordonouri Olga , Kovatchev Boris , Kowalski Aaron , Laffel Lori , Maahs David , Murphy Helen R. , Nørgaard Kirsten , Parkin Christopher G. , Renard Eric , Saboo Banshi , Scharf Mauro , Tamborlane William V. , Weinzimer Stuart A. , Phillip Moshe
Published: November 2017

Measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been the traditional method for assessing glycemic control. However, it does not reflect intra- and interday glycemic excursions that may lead to acute events (such as hypoglycemia) or postprandial hyperglycemia, which have been linked to both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), either from real-time use (rtCGM) or intermittently viewed (iCGM), addresses many of the limitations inherent in HbA1c testing and self-monitoring of blood glucose. Although both provide the means to move beyond the HbA1c measurement as the sole marker of glycemic control, standardized metrics for analyzing CGM data are lacking. Moreover, clear criteria for matching people with diabetes to the most appropriate glucose monitoring methodologies, as well as standardized advice about how best to use the new information they provide, have yet to be established. In February 2017, the Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD) Congress convened an international panel of physicians, researchers, and individuals with diabetes who are expert in CGM technologies to address these issues. This article summarizes the ATTD consensus recommendations and represents the current understanding of how CGM results can affect outcomes.
Standardizing Clinically Meaningful Outcome Measures Beyond HbA1c for Type 1 Diabetes: A Consensus Report of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, the American Diabetes Association, the Endocrine Society, JDRF International, The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, the Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the T1D Exchange
Authors: Agiostratidou Gina , Anhalt Henry , Ball Dana , Blonde Lawrence , Gourgari Evgenia , Harriman Karen N. , Kowalski Aaron J. , Madden Paul , McAuliffe-Fogarty Alicia H. , McElwee-Malloy Molly , Peters Anne , Raman Sripriya , Reifschneider Kent , Rubin Karen , Weinzimer Stuart A.
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE

To identify and define clinically meaningful type 1 diabetes outcomes beyond hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) based upon a review of the evidence, consensus from clinical experts, and input from researchers, people with type 1 diabetes, and industry. Priority outcomes include hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, time in range, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). While priority outcomes for type 1 and type 2 diabetes may overlap, type 1 diabetes was the focus of this work.

RESEARCH AND METHODS

A Steering Committee—comprising representatives from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, the American Diabetes Association, the Endocrine Society, JDRF International, The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, the Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the T1D Exchange—was the decision-making body for the Type 1 Diabetes Outcomes Program. Their work was informed by input from researchers, industry, and people with diabetes through Advisory Committees representing each stakeholder group. Stakeholder surveys were used to identify priority outcomes. The outcomes prioritized in the surveys were hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, time in range, DKA, and PROs. To develop consensus on the definitions of these outcomes, the Steering Committee relied on published evidence, their clinical expertise, and feedback from the Advisory Committees.

RESULTS

The Steering Committee developed definitions for hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, time in range, and DKA in type 1 diabetes. The definitions reflect their assessment of the outcome’s short- and long-term clinical impact on people with type 1 diabetes. Knowledge gaps to be addressed by future research were identified. The Steering Committee discussed PROs and concluded that further type 1 diabetes–specific development is needed.

CONCLUSIONS

The Steering Committee recommends use of the defined clinically meaningful outcomes beyond HbA1c in the research, development, and evaluation of type 1 diabetes therapies.
LESSON PLAN DEVELOPMENT BASED ON CHARACTER FOR THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Authors: Putra B.M.
Published: November 2017

This study was a Research and Development study (R&D) used Sugiyono’s model which aimed at (1) analyzing the design of the existing English lesson plans in SMK Triatma Jaya Singaraja, (2) identifying the problems faced by the English teacher in designing good English lesson plans (3) determining the good design of Character Based English Lesson Plans in SMK Triatma Jaya Singaraja (4) determining the quality of the Character Based Lesson Plans developed. The data of the present study were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. This result showed that the existing lesson plans did not clearly state the values of nation character and the assessment and it was not explicitly stated on the learning activity. The learning activity seemed monotone. There seemed to be materials repetition. The materials must be suitable with the students’ department. The lesson plans developed were designed based on technical guideline of lesson plan development proposed by Board Directors of Senior High School Development (2010) with character assessment as an addition. The lesson plans were developed in form of integrated lesson plan. The lesson plans developed were effective and the quality is excellent.
Contextualização histórica do experimento de Franck-Hertz
Authors: De Castro Letícia Oliveira , Tamiasso-Martinhon Priscila , Rocha Angela Sanches , Sousa Célia
Published: November 2017

ResumoA busca por uma melhor compreensão da natureza e de seus fenômenos permeia o pensamento filosófico desde seu princípio e, até hoje, possui um lugar de destaque nas ciências. Porém, só a partir do século XIX avançou-se na compreensão do comportamento e natureza da matéria, o que passa pelo entendimento da estrutura atômica. Nessa perspectiva, o experimento de Franck-Hertz (1914) teve grande relevância, e sua principal importância reside na comprovação empírica da existência dos níveis quantizados de energia dos elétrons, fato que constitui o centro da teoria atômica de Bohr. Deste modo, este experimento é importante para o ensino de Química e Física, pois a Mecânica Quântica exige um elevado grau de abstração e conhecimento de matemática avançada, sendo necessário um grande esforço para a sua compreensão, o que sem dúvida é facilitado pela atividade prática. O experimento de Franck-Hertz tem sido realizado, com êxito, em laboratórios acadêmicos até os dias atuais, permitindo aos alunos uma comprovação experimental de uma parte importante deste conjunto de teorias sobre o sistema atômico. Palavras-chave: Experimento de Franck-Hertz; Quantização; Modelos atômicos.AbstractThe search for a better understanding of the phenomena of nature permeates the philosophical thought from your principle and, until today, has a prominent place in the sciences. However, only since the 19th century has progressed in understanding the behavior and nature of the matter, which passes through the understanding of atomic structure. In this perspective, the Franck-Hertz experiment (1914) had great relevance, and your main importance lies on empirical evidence of the existence of quantized energy levels of electrons, which is the center of the Bohr atomic theory. Thus, this experiment has great relevance in the teaching of chemistry and physics, because quantum mechanics requires a high degree of abstraction and knowledge of advanced mathematics, requiring a great effort for your understanding, which undoubtedly is facilitated by practical activity. The Franck-Hertz experiment has been conducted successfully in academic laboratories to the present day, allowing students an experimental proof of an important part of this set of theories about the Atomic system.Keywords: Experiment of Franck-Hertz; Quantization; Atomic models.
Efficient Computations
Authors: Hansen Lars Peter , Sargent Thomas J.
Published: November 2017

This chapter describes fast algorithms for computing the value function and optimal decision rule for the type of social planning problem to be described in Chapter 5. The chapter is organized as follows. First, it displays a transformation that removes both discounting and cross-products between states and controls. It then describes invariant subspace methods for solving an optimal linear regulator problem. Next, it describes a closely related method called the doubling algorithm that effectively skips steps in iterating on the Bellman equation. The calculations can be further accelerated by partitioning the state vector to take advantage of patterns of zeros in various matrices that define the problem. This is followed by discussions of fast methods for computing equilibria for periodic economies; the rapid solution of a periodic optimal linear regulator problem; and how the calculations can be adapted to handle Hansen and Sargent's (1995) recursive formulation of Jacobson's and Whittle's risk-sensitive preferences.
Canonical Household Technologies
Authors: Hansen Lars Peter , Sargent Thomas J.
Published: November 2017

This chapter derives dynamic demand schedules from a household service technology. It applies the concept of canonical representation of household technologies to a version of Becker and Murphy's model of rational addiction. Canonical household technologies are useful for describing economies with heterogeneity among households' preferences because of how they align linear spaces consisting of histories of consumption services, on the one hand, and histories of consumption rates, on the other. The chapter sets the stage for the Chapter 10 use of demand curves to construct partial equilibrium interpretations of our models. It also sets the stage for the studies of aggregation of preferences in chapters 12 and 13.
Examples
Authors: Hansen Lars Peter , Sargent Thomas J.
Published: November 2017

Some of the general equilibrium models in this book can be reinterpreted as partial equilibrium models that employ the notion of a representative firm, and that generalize the preference and technology specifications of Lucas and Prescott (1971). The idea is that there is a large number of identical firms that produce the same goods and sell them in competitive markets. Because they are identical, we carry along only one of these firms, and let it produce the entire output in the industry. But we have to be careful in our analysis because this representative firm's decisions play two very different roles: as a stand-in for the “average” competitive producer, and as producer of the entire industry's output. In posing its optimum problem, we want the firm to act as a price-taking competitor. This chapter first describes the links between our earlier general equilibrium formulation and a partial equilibrium. It then provides examples of models that conform to our framework models, including models of markets for housing, cattle, and occupational choice.
Permanent IncomeModels
Authors: Hansen Lars Peter , Sargent Thomas J.
Published: November 2017

This chapter uses the model of preferences to represent multiple goods versions of permanent income models. It retains Robert Hall's (1978) specification of a “storage” technology for accumulating physical capital and also a restriction on the discount factor, depreciation rate, and gross return on capital that in Hall's simple setting made the marginal utility of consumption a martingale. In more general settings, adopting Hall's specification of the storage technology imparts a martingale to outcomes, but it is concealed in an “index” whose increments drive demands for multiple consumption goods that themselves are not martingales. This permanent income model forms a convenient laboratory for thinking about sources in economic theory of “unit roots” and “co-integrating vectors”.
The Law Is a White Dog
Authors: Dayan Colin
Published: November 2017

Abused dogs, prisoners tortured in Guantánamo and supermax facilities, or slaves killed by the state—all are deprived of personhood through legal acts. Such deprivations have recurred throughout history, and the law sustains these terrors and banishments even as it upholds the civil order. Examining such troubling cases, this book tackles key societal questions: How does the law construct our identities? How do its rules and sanctions make or unmake persons? And how do the supposedly rational claims of the law define marginal entities, both natural and supernatural, including ghosts, dogs, slaves, terrorist suspects, and felons? The book looks at how the law disfigures individuals and animals, and how slavery, punishment, and torture create unforeseen effects in our daily lives. Moving seamlessly across genres and disciplines, the book considers legal practices and spiritual beliefs from medieval England, the North American colonies, and the Caribbean that have survived in our legal discourse, and it explores the civil deaths of felons and slaves through lawful repression. Tracing the legacy of slavery in the United States in the structures of the contemporary American prison system and in the administrative detention of ghostly supermax facilities, the book also demonstrates how contemporary jurisprudence regarding cruel and unusual punishment prepared the way for abuses in Abu Ghraib and Guantánamo. Using conventional historical and legal sources to answer unconventional questions, the book illuminates stark truths about civil society's ability to marginalize, exclude, and dehumanize.
Taxonomies
Authors: Dayan Colin
Published: November 2017

This chapter describes how Herman Melville recognized the existence of what he had once called not “ordinarily human”: the chattels that gave new meaning to persons, the human anomaly constituted by law as property. Melville is obsessed with the making and unmaking of human materials as well as humans and animals. The chapter then assesses what it means in times of torture and dissembling to be like an animal. It all began with chattels. Their treatment helps one to understand the limits of cruelty. They are used as examples when humans need most to categorize, to dominate, and to justify slavery, genocide, and incarceration. The proximity between humans and animals is sometimes tenuous. Boundaries are permeable, and taxonomies are necessary to ensure the order of things. However, when the pressure is on to construct—legally and socially—degradation and inferiority, categories and terminologies get muddled. The hierarchies no longer hold.
“For All Those Bending Years”
Authors: Hahamovitch Cindy
Published: November 2017

This chapter considers the developments of the 1980s for the Jamaican guestworkers. The decade brought guestworkers immigration reform legislation known as the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), which promised permanent legal status for all “alien farmworkers.” It also brought a huge $51 million courtroom victory and unprecedented attention in newsprint, books, and on film. Yet the 1980s ended up being a decade of devastating disappointment. Cane cutters—and only cane cutters—were excluded from the congressional “amnesty” for immigrants; court appeals denied them the back wages awards they had won; and machines replaced them in the cane fields. For Jamaican guestworkers, the 1980s left the sort of bitter aftertaste that lasts a lifetime.
All the World’s a Workplace
Authors: Hahamovitch Cindy
Published: November 2017

This chapter discusses further developments for guestworkers around the world. As efforts to protect labor standards, make immigration temporary, or manage migration, guestworker programs have failed and still fail, whether they are in the United States, the Middle East, South Africa, or the Pacific Rim. Yet as labor supply systems designed to quarantine immigrant workers from natives and keep them a caste apart, they have been very effective. They have drawn nations together in a new, government-crafted dependency, in which the world's wealthy nations import foreigners to do their hardest, dirtiest, and often their most intimate work. The chapter argues that this, indeed, was their true purpose and their most pernicious legacy.
Reader’s Block
Authors: Price Leah
Published: November 2017

This chapter examines reading. For scholars as for the secular novelists discussed in the next two chapters, reading is harder to document than handling—let alone than writing. Even as literary critics shifted their focus from the authorial exception to the readerly rule, reader-response theorists and reception historians alike continued to study the text as a linguistic structure, at the expense of the book as a material thing. Indeed, mental actions prove harder to track than manual gestures—human traces that are not intentional, let alone textual, let alone literary. From evidence of reading to nonevidence of reading to evidence of nonreading: those bodily acts that both accompany and replace reading, whether licking a page or turning down a corner, should provide historians of the book with more than a consolation prize.
Fighting for the Speakership
Authors: Jenkins Jeffery A. , Stewart Charles
Published: November 2017

The Speaker of the House of Representatives is the most powerful partisan figure in the contemporary U.S. Congress. How this came to be, and how the majority party in the House has made control of the speakership a routine matter, is far from straightforward. This book provides a comprehensive history of how speakers have been elected in the U.S. House since 1789, arguing that the organizational politics of these elections were critical to the construction of mass political parties in America and laid the groundwork for the role they play in setting the agenda of Congress today. The book shows how the speakership began as a relatively weak office, and how votes for Speaker prior to the Civil War often favored regional interests over party loyalty. While struggle, contention, and deadlock over House organization were common in the antebellum era, such instability vanished with the outbreak of war, as the majority party became an “organizational cartel” capable of controlling with certainty the selection of the Speaker and other key House officers. This organizational cartel has survived Gilded Age partisan strife, Progressive Era challenge, and conservative coalition politics to guide speakership elections through the present day. This book reveals how struggles over House organization prior to the Civil War were among the most consequential turning points in American political history.