bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Land-Use Change and Its Impact on Urban Flooding: A Case Study on Colombo District Flood on May 2016
Authors: Dammalage T. L. , Jayasinghe N. T.
Published: November 2020

Colombo district has become an increasingly congested urban society. It has been reported that the frequent flooding in the Colombo district occurs due to the shrinking of open spaces, illegal constructions, and lack of suitable waste disposal facilities. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the impact of land-use change on the flood of Colombo district in May 2016 in comparison to the land-use during the flood in 1989. Accordingly, Landsat images were utilized to identify the land-use by using NDVI, NDBI, and NDWI indices. Out of the several techniques examined, SVM classification was chosen, and change detection techniques in conjunction with remote sensing and GIS environment were adopted. SVM classification showed the highest accuracy for land-use classification, which was 99.0% in 1989 and 99.9% in 2016. The comparison of land-use changes of 1989 and 2016 with similar flood extent of the Colombo district proved that the area of the Kelani river watershed changed into urban area, having a significant impact on flood inundation. The Kelani river watershed includes 23% of the total urban area of the Colombo district. Similarly, the entire area of land-use transformation covered 37.7% of the area within the watershed region of the Colombo district. Eventually, this research identified the significant impact of Colombo district floods in May 2016 on land-use changes.
Study of Flow Characteristics Over a Rounded Edge Drop Structure in Open Channel
Authors: Kori S. M. , Mahessar A. A. , Channa M. , Memon A. A. , Kori A. R.
Published: November 2020

Flow over a drop structure is a form of free overfall called hydraulic drop. Hydraulic drop changes the nature of flow abruptly from sub-critical to super-critical condition. Rapidly varied flow analysis is a complex phenomenon and involves remarkable characteristics. Some of the drop structures constructed in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan had gone through diverse failures, consequential in interruption of water supply to irrigation fields encountering substantial economic loss. In the present study experiments were carried out in the hydraulic laboratory of Mehran University of Engineering and Technology on round edged drop structure fitted in a horizontal rectangular flume (channel model). Data regarding hydraulic drop and hydraulic jump characteristics were collected during the experiment. The observed data included: flow discharge (Q), radius of rounded edge drop structure (r), height of the structure (h), hydraulic drop length (Ld), hydraulic jump length (Lj), depth of flow at toe of the jump (Y1) and tailwater depth (Y2). Applying dimensional analysis, the non-dimensional parameters of the observed data were calculated. Using statistical analysis, empirical relationships among the non-dimensional parameters were established for the appropriate design of the drop structure. The research results showed that the length and depth indices are functions of D=q2gh3 and r/h values. It was also found that for rounded-edge drop structure, the length of the stilling basin (LSB) reduces as r/h ratio increases
Power Flow Control by Unified Power Flow Controller
Authors: Khan M. Y. A. , Khalil U. , Khan H. , Uddin A. , Ahmed S.
Published: November 2020

The demand for electricity is increasing day by day and we have to produce more electrical energy to meet the load demands. Most of the experts prefer to extend the existing electrical networks over building the new network with greater costs. In this paper, the implementation of the flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices in a simple electrical network is described. FACTS devices enhance power transfer capacity of the line without laying out new transmission line. These devices also protect the system from overloading in case of any contingency in the electrical network. Moreover, this paper describes the impacts of FACTS devices on improving the voltage stability and power handling capability of a transmission line. The proposed methods for the controllable flow of active and reactive power in a transmission line are also elaborated. A simple electrical system is examined to explain the improvement in the constraints of power system using FACTS devices.
Knowledge-Based Method for Word Sense Disambiguation by Using Hindi WordNet
Authors: Sharma P. , Joshi N.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of word sense disambiguation (WSD) is to find the meaning of the word in any context with the help of a computer, to find the proper meaning of a lexeme in the available context in the problem area and the relationship between lexicons. This is done using natural language processing (NLP) techniques which involve queries from machine translation (MT), NLP specific documents or output text. MT automatically translates text from one natural language into another. Several application areas for WSD involve information retrieval (IR), lexicography, MT, text processing, speech processing etc. Using this knowledge-based technique, we are investigating Hindi WSD in this article. It involves incorporating word knowledge from external knowledge resources to remove the equivocalness of words. In this experiment, we tried to develop a WSD tool by considering a knowledge-based approach with WordNet of Hindi. The tool uses the knowledge-based LESK algorithm for WSD for Hindi. Our proposed system gives an accuracy of about 71.4%.
Simulation and RTDS Hardware Implementation of SHAF for Mitigation of Current Harmonics with p-q and Id-Iq Control Strategies Using PI Controller
Authors: Mikkili S. , Panda A. K.
Published: November 2020

Control strategies for extracting the three-phase reference currents for shunt active power filters are compared, evaluating their performance under different source conditions in MATLAB/Simulink environment and also with Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) Hardware. When the supply voltages are balanced and sinusoidal, the two control strategies are converging to the same compensation characteristics but when the supply voltages are distorted and/or un-balanced sinusoidal, these control strategies result in different degrees of compensation in harmonics. The p-q control strategy is unable to yield an adequate solution when source voltages are not ideal.  Extensive Simulations are carried out with PI controller for both p-q and Id-Iq control strategies for different voltage conditions and adequate results were presented. The 3-ph 4-wire SHAF system is also implemented on RTDS Hardware to further verify its effectiveness. The detailed simulation and RTDS Hardware results are included.
Investigation of an Induction Wound Rotor Motor to Work as a Synchronous Generator
Authors: Al-Rawashdeh A. Y.
Published: November 2020

This paper aims at investigating the use of an induction wound rotor motor to generate voltage instead of the old diesel engines that are still used in many factories, like old cement factories, in Jordan. In this investigation, a simulation model of induction wound rotor motor was implemented using Matlab/Simulink. The excitation dc current was connected to a two-phase rotor circuit, and the voltage-current performance characteristics were investigated and evaluated under different load types. The simulation results confirmed the possibility of using the induction wound rotor motor as a synchronous generator.
Defect Reduction with the Use of Seven Quality Control Tools for Productivity Improvement at an Automobile Company
Authors: Memon I. A. , Jamali Q. B. , Jamali A. S. , Abbasi M. K. , Jamali N. A. , Jamali Z. H.
Published: November 2020

The goal of zero defects is pursued by many manufacturing and service companies. In this regard, statistical tools are being used for defect reduction leading to productivity improvement. In this work, seven traditional QC tools (flow chart, check sheet, histogram, Pareto chart, cause, and effect diagram, scatter diagram and control chart) have been developed and implemented in an automobile company to assess and improve the defect reduction level in the assembly line. Chassis and trim lined were selected for data collection to assess and improve the defect level for productivity improvement. It was found from the results that after the successful implementation of the QC tools, the defect level reduced by 90% (from 132 to 13 defects) at the chassis line. Similarly, the defect level was reduced by 80% (from 157 to 28 defects) at the trim line. The automobile company implemented only a few of the seven QC tools in their assembly line. It is suggested that the company may need to manage a mechanism for the implementation of all seven QC tools in every section of the company.
Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring For Small Aquatic Area Using Unmanned Surface Vehicle
Authors: Demetillo A. T. , Taboada E. B.
Published: November 2020

Most developing countries depend on conventional water quality monitoring methods which are usually expensive, complicated, and time-consuming. In recent years, stationary and portable water quality monitoring and a mobile surface vehicle have increased the utilization of on-site water measurements and monitoring. The first has the disadvantage of small coverage area while the second has its cost and operational complexity. This paper addresses these issues by placing materials and equipment used in fixed online water quality monitoring and using a customized and low-cost unmanned surface vehicle. The measurements are taken automatically on the equipment onboard the unmanned surface vehicle (USV), transmitted wirelessly to a PC-based remote station or nearby stations and saved there in a dedicated database. The overall system comprises a commercial water quality sensor, a GSM and Zigbee module for a wireless communication system, a low-cost mobility platform, and the location/positioning system. During testing, all captured data like water quality parameters, location, and other essential parameters were collated, processed and stored in a database system. Relevant information from the USV can be viewed on a smartphone or a computer. The USV was also tested to conduct unmanned water quality measurements using the pre-inputted navigation route which shows a good result in navigation and data transmission. Water bodies with calm water such as lakes and rivers can use the USV, in a stand-alone mode or as a part of a networked sensor system.
Mixing Design for ATIG Morphology and Microstructure Study of 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Touileb K. , Hedhibi A. , Djoudjou R. , Ouis A. , Bouazizi M. L.
Published: November 2020

This work is a study of the effects of oxides combination on the morphology of 316L stainless steel welds. A series of thirteen weld lines were carried out using thirteen different oxides. Based on the depth and ratio D/W results, three candidate oxides were selected: Ti2O, Mn2O3, and SiO2. Mixing method available in Minitab 17 software is the most appropriate method to find the optimal combinations to get the best depth and D/W ratio. According to simplex lattice degree four, nineteen combinations of these oxides were prepared. The results show that the optimal composition of flux was: 66%SiO2-34% Mn2O3. The depth and D/W ratio increased to 8.85mm and 0.98 respectively for optimal ATIG, whereas for the conventional TIG welding, the depth and the ratio D/W didn't exceed 1.65mm and 0.17 respectively. For TIG weld joint the hardness is about 47 HRA and it increases to 77 HRA for the optimal ATIG weld joint. The absorbed energies in Charpy impact test are 146 and 138kJ in the weld zone and in the heat affected zone respectively for the TIG welding and they dropped to 111 and 74kJ for the optimal ATIG welding. The fracture surface examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows a ductile fracture for TIG weld with small dimples but ductile-brittle fracture for ATIG weld. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS/SEM) analysis shows the formation of FeS2 and SiO2 in the weld zone causing low absorbed energy for ATIG weld.
Recent Eco-Friendly Developments in Personal Protective Clothing Materials for Reducing Plastic Pollution: A Review
Authors: Memon A. H. , Peerzada M. H. , Muhammad K. , Memon S. A. , Mangi S. A. , Mujtaba G.
Published: November 2020

Due to the industrialization increase in the 20th century, the level of hazards for public health and the demand for personnel protective clothing (PPC) have increased. The area of PPC has been steered to high tech equipment made from plastic-based materials, which are derived from non-renewable sources and have a long life cycle expanding from hundreds to thousands of years, after their end of useful life. This paper reviews the information related to conventional plastic-based fibers, their properties, advantages, disadvantages, and applications in the battlefield, industry, automobiles, etc. This paper provides a basis for the selection of natural fibers and the replacement of conventional plastic-based fibers to reduce the plastic content in protective clothing or other composites. A comparative analysis of technological, environmental, economic and legal aspects of plastic-based and environment-friendly natural fibers is presented. Natural fiber-based composite protective clothing is found to be environment-friendly and considered to have prospects for the future due to its comparative technological, environmental, economic and legal advantages.
A Systematic Controller Design for a Photovoltaic Generator with Boost Converter Using Integral State Feedback Control
Authors: Labidi Z. R. , Schulte H. , Mami A.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a systematic controller design for a photovoltaic generator with boost converter using integral state feedback control is proposed. It is demonstrated that the state–space feedback enables the extraction of maximum available power under variable loads. For this purpose, a control-oriented state-space model of a photovoltaic array connected to a DC load by a boost converter is derived. This model is then linearized by one working point, but no further simplifications are made. The design-oriented model contains the dynamics of PV generator, boost converter, and the load. The controller design is based on the augmented model with an integral component. The controller is validated by a detailed plant model implemented in Simscape. The robustness of the controller with variable solar irradiation and DC load changes is demonstrated.
Implementation of a New Geometrical Qualification (DQ) Method for an Open Access Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printer
Authors: Belarbi B. , Ghernaout M. E. A. , Benabdallah T.
Published: November 2020

This work presents geometric qualification on rapid prototyping process in the case of open access 3D printers where a working model is proposed and a prototype measurement is presented. The problem, which is to develop a methodological approach for the realization of five test pieces of equal dimensions based on complete process knowledge of the downstream material deposit movement according to XML standards, is addressed after a state of the art review. The result allows confirming the quality of the machine recommended by the manufacturer. Basically, the adopted methodology was used to fill the vacuum in the 3D FDM (open source) 3D geometric qualification (DQ) as well as to pave the way for the 3D printing processes standardization [1].
Long Term Impact in Reinforced Recycled Concrete Beams Under 9-Month Loading
Authors: Oad M. , Buller A. H. , Memon B. A. , Memon N. A. , Sohu S.
Published: November 2020

Green concrete is an active area of research. Structural demolishing waste is a global serious problem, particularly in urban areas. This research paper presents the experimental evaluation of the effect of long term loading on reinforced green concrete beams. Three beams were cast with partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates with demolished old concrete. Three beams were cast with all-natural coarse aggregates to compare the results. The beams were mounted on purpose made frames for 9 months. Deflection, strain and cracking in beams were monitored on a daily basis. After 9 months, the beams were tested until failure in a universal load testing machine under central point load. It was observed that the proposed beams exhibited 3.55% reduction in maximum load caring capacity compared to control specimens. The obtained results show good performance of the proposed green concrete beams under 9-month long term loading.
Treatment of Diesel Oil Contaminated Soil by Ex-situ Bioremediation
Authors: Rajamohan N. , Manivasagan R. , Al Fazari F.
Published: November 2020

Treatment of oil-polluted soil is a challenging problem faced by all refineries and petrochemical industries. In this research study, bioremediation of diesel oil contaminated soil was conducted for diesel concentration ranging from 5% to 20%. The physicochemical characteristics of diesel oil contaminated soil were studied. The effects of soil amendments, namely coconut ash powder, biofilter activated sludge, and NPK fertilizer, on total petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency were studied. The maximum total petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency achieved was 94.5% when 4g NPK, 40g of activated sludge and 40g of coconut ash powder per 1000g of contaminated soil were used. The studies on the effect of temperature confirmed the optimal temperature as 35°C. The parametric studies confirmed that the degradation efficiency decreased with increase in diesel oil concentration.
Tag Clouds for Object-Oriented Source Code Visualization
Authors: Al-Msie'deen R. A.
Published: November 2020

Software visualization helps software engineers to understand and manage the size and complexity of the object-oriented source code. The tag cloud is a simple and popular visualization technique. The main idea of the tag cloud is to represent tags according to their frequency in an alphabetical order where the most important tags are highlighted via a suitable font size. This paper proposes an original approach to visualize software code using a tag cloud. The approach exploits all software identifier names to visualize software code as a tag cloud. Experiments were conducted on several case studies. To validate the approach, it is applied on NanoXML and ArgoUML. The results of this evaluation validate the relevance and the performance of the proposed approach as all tag names and their frequencies were correctly identiﬁed. The proposed tag cloud visualization technique is a helpful addition to the software visualization toolkit. The extracted tag cloud supports software engineers as they filter and browse data.
Kalman State Estimation and LQR Assisted Adaptive Control Of a Variable Loaded Servo System
Authors: Aydogdu O. , Levent M. L.
Published: November 2020

This study actualized a new hybrid adaptive controller design to increase the control performance of a variable loaded time-varying system. A structure in which LQR and adaptive control work together is proposed. At first, a Kalman filter was designed to estimate the states of the system and used with the LQR control method which is one of the optimal control servo system techniques in constant initial load. Then, for the variable loaded servo (VLS) system, the Lyapunov based adaptive control was added to the LQR control method which was inadequate due to the constant gain parameters. Thus, it was aimed to eliminate the variable load effects and increase the stability of the system. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, a Quanser servo module was used in Matlab-Simulink environment. It is seen from the experimental results and performance measurements that the proposed method increases the system performance and stability by minimizing noise, variable load effect and steady-state error.
Comparison Analysis Between Traditional and Long Segment Contracts on National Road Preservation Activities in Indonesia
Authors: Winanri R. P. , Susanti B. , Juliantina I.
Published: November 2020

National road preservation activities in Indonesia are usually carried out using a traditional approach system, namely in-house system and contract system with a design-bid-build (DBB) approach. An alternative contract method to improve the quality of roads is the long segment contract. Its definition is carrying out road preservation activities in one continuous segment with the aim to obtain good road conditions for all segments. This study aims to compare the performance under traditional approaches and long segment contracts. Road performance is expressed in functional performance terminology and uses the International roughness index (IRI) indicator. The research was conducted on the outer urban road of Palembang - Indralaya intersection - Meranjat which is part of the national road section in the Province of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Results showed that the road performance contracted with traditional approaches was better than that of long segment ones. This was not expected and was probably due to the lack of understanding of the parties involved in the long segment contract to the principles of fulfilling road service performance. The contractors are not interested in carrying out routine road maintenance projects because the value of the work is small and there is a lack of experience regarding routine maintenance.
Effects of Cold Rolling and Aging Treatment on the Properties of Cu-Be Alloy
Authors: Mohamed M. I.
Published: November 2020

The effects of precipitated phases during aging treatment on the properties of the Cu-Be alloy have been extensively studied. In this study, the effect of cold rolling on the precipitated phases of the Cu-Be alloy compared with non-deformed alloy during isothermal and low heating rate aging of 20C/min have been investigated. Hardness changes, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dilatation analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used in this study. Hardening and contraction were strongly increased at an early aging time for the cold rolled Cu-Be alloy. In addition, the DSC curves revealed an exothermic peak from the γ΄΄ phase. This peak increased and shifted to lower aging time by increasing the cold rolling reduction. In addition, the hardness remarkably increased at lower aging temperatures for the cold rolled specimens. The contraction from the dilatation curves and the exothermic peaks shifted to lower aging temperatures in cold rolled specimens. The hardening of Cu-Be alloy is believed to be from the γ΄ phase, and the contraction and the first exothermic peak in DSC curves from γ΄΄ phase. TEM observations are in a good agreement with the above explanation and strongly revealed that γ΄΄ and γ΄ phases were highly accelerated by the effect of cold rolling
Modeling of Chlorine and Coagulant Dose in a Water Treatment Plant by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kote A. S. , Wadkar D. V.
Published: November 2020

Coagulation and chlorination are complex processes of a water treatment plant (WTP). Determination of coagulant and chlorine dose is time-consuming. Many times WTP operators in India determine the coagulant and chlorine dose approximately using their experience, which may lead to the use of excess or insufficient dose. Hence, there is a need to develop prediction models to determine optimum chlorine and coagulant doses. In this paper, artificial neural networks (ANN) are used for prediction due to their ability to learn and model non-linear and complex relationships. Separate ANN models for chlorine and coagulant doses are explored with radial basis neural network (RBFNN), feed-forward neural network (FFNN), cascade feed forward neural network (CFNN) and generalized regression neural network (GRNN). For modeling, daily water quality data of the last four years are collected from the plant laboratory of WTP in Maharashtra (India). In order to improve performance, these models are established by varying input variables, hidden nodes, training functions, spread factor, and epochs. The best models are selected based on the comparison of performance measures. It is observed that the best performing chlorine dose model using defined statistics is found to be RBFNN with R=0.999. Similarly, the CFNN coagulant dose model with Bayesian regularization (BR) training function provided excellent estimates with network architecture (2-40-1) and R=0.947. Based on the above models, two graphical user interfaces (GUIs) were developed for real-time prediction of chlorine and coagulant dose, which will be useful for plant operators and decision makers.
Towards Achieving Machine Comprehension Using Deep Learning on Non-GPU Machines
Authors: Khan U. , Khan K. , Hassan F. , Siddiqui A. , Afaq M.
Published: November 2020

Long efforts have been made to enable machines to understand human language. Nowadays such activities fall under the broad umbrella of machine comprehension. The results are optimistic due to the recent advancements in the field of machine learning. Deep learning promises to bring even better results but requires expensive and resource hungry hardware. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of deep learning in the context of machine comprehension by using non-GPU machines. Our results suggest that the good algorithm insight and detailed understanding of the dataset can help in getting meaningful results through deep learning even on non-GPU machines.
A Novel Two-Stage Selection of Feature Subsets in Machine Learning
Authors: Kamala R. F. , Thangaiah P. R. J.
Published: November 2020

In feature subset selection the variable selection procedure selects a subset of the most relevant features. Filter and wrapper methods are categories of variable selection methods. Feature subsets are similar to data pre-processing and are applied to reduce feature dimensions in a very large dataset. In this paper, in order to deal with this kind of problems, the selection of feature subset methods depending on the fitness evaluation of the classifier is introduced to alleviate the classification task and to progress the classification performance. To curtail the dimensions of the feature space, a novel approach for selecting optimal features on two-stage selection of feature subsets (TSFS) method is done, both theoretically and experimentally. The results of this method include improvements in the performance measures like efficiency, accuracy, and scalability of machine learning algorithms. Comparison of the proposed method is made with known relevant methods using benchmark databases. The proposed method performs better than the earlier hybrid feature selection methodologies discussed in relevant works, regarding classifiers’ accuracy and error.
Towards Multi-objective Optimization of Automatic Design Space Exploration for Computer Architecture through Hyper-heuristic
Authors: Latif M. , Ismail M. A.
Published: November 2020

Multi-objective optimization is an NP-hard problem. ADSE (automatic design space exploration) using heuristics has been proved to be an appropriate method in resolving this problem. This paper presents a hyper-heuristic technique to solve the DSE issue in computer architecture. Two algorithms are proposed. A hyper-heuristic layer has been added to the FADSE (framework for automatic design space exploration) and relevant algorithms have been implemented. The benefits of already existing multi-objective algorithms have been joined in order to strengthen the proposed algorithms. The proposed algorithms, namely RRSNS (round-robin scheduling NSGA-II and SPEA2) and RSNS (random scheduling NSGA-II and SPEA2) have been evaluated for the ADSE problem. The results have been compared with NSGA-II and SPEA2 algorithms. Results show that the proposed methodologies give competitive outcomes in comparison with NSGA-II and SPEA2.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture: A Review
Authors: Eli-Chukwu N. C.
Published: November 2020

The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been evident in the agricultural sector recently. The sector faces numerous challenges in order to maximize its yield including improper soil treatment, disease and pest infestation, big data requirements, low output, and knowledge gap between farmers and technology. The main concept of AI in agriculture is its flexibility, high performance, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. This paper presents a review of the applications of AI in soil management, crop management, weed management and disease management. A special focus is laid on the strength and limitations of the application and the way in utilizing expert systems for higher productivity.
Kinetic Modeling of Dye Effluent Biodegradation by Pseudomonas Stutzeri
Authors: Rajamohan N. , Rajasimman M.
Published: November 2020

Dye industry waste water is difficult to treat because of the presence of dyes with complex aromatic structure. In this research study, the biodegradation studies of dye effluent were performed utilizing Pseudomonas stutzeri in a controlled laboratory environment under anoxic conditions.  The effects of operational parameters like initial pH of the effluent and initial Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the effluent on percentage COD removal were studied.  A biokinetic model is established giving the dependence of percentage COD removal on biomass concentration and initial COD of the effluent. The biokinetics of the COD removal was found to be first order with respect to both the microbial concentration and initial COD of the effluent.  The optimal pH for better bacterial degradation was found to be 8.The specific degradation rate was found to be 0.1417 l/g Dry Cell Mass (DCM) h, at 320 C.
ECG Noise Reduction with the Use of the Ant Lion Optimizer Algorithm
Authors: Hii K. H. , Narayanamurthy V. , Samsuri F.
Published: November 2020

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is susceptible to noise and artifacts and it is essential to remove that noise in order to support any decision making for automatic heart disorder diagnosis systems. In this paper, the use of Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) for optimizing and identifying the cutoff frequency of the ECG signal for low-pass filtering is investigated. Generally, the spectrums of the ECG signal are extracted from two classes: arrhythmia and supraventricular. Baseline wander is removed by a moving median filter. A dataset of the extracted features of the ECG spectrums is used to train the ALO. The performance of the ALO is investigated. The ALO-identified cutoff frequency is applied to a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter and the resulting signal is evaluated against the original clean and conventional filtered ECG signals. The results show that the intelligent ALO-based system successfully denoised the ECG signals more effectively than the conventional method. The accuracy percentage increased by 2%.
Non-uniform Heat Source and Radiation Effect on a Transient MHD Flow Past a Vertical Moving Plate with Inclined Magnetic Field and Periodic Heat Flux
Authors: Abdullah M. R. , Alghazawi O. K. , Al-Ayyad M.
Published: November 2020

An analysis is carried out in order to examine the effects of non-uniform heat source and thermal radiation on the transient free convective MHD flow past a vertical plate. In this model, an inclined magnetic field with periodic heat flux along the wall is included. The governing equations (in non-dimensional shape) are solved numerically by a fully implicit finite difference scheme. A parametric study is performed in order to illustrate the influences of the model dimensionless parameters, namely, the magnetic parameter, the heat source term, the Grashof number, the Prandtl number, and the radiation parameter. The velocity field and the temperature field are evaluated for several amounts of these parameters. The obtained numerical results are compared with the analytical solution in case of constant heat flux with no heat source, and a full agreement was found.
A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Cellular Networks
Authors: Eli-Chukwu N. C. , Aloh J. M. , Ezeagwu C. O.
Published: November 2020

Mobile technology has made communication easier and faster. People communicate in a matter of picoseconds, with little or no inhibition, regardless of their distance or location. Mobile networks are rapidly expanding all over the world. The demand led to the evolution of different technologies to meet with traffic challenges. Challenges are still evident as the cellular network system faces dynamic and chaotic behavior that needs to be resolved intelligently without human intervention. The current paper presents the state of the art of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing the performance of cellular networks. This paper summarizes the AI concept and reviews its applications in cellular network design, operations, and optimization. A special focus is laid on the advantages and disadvantages of AI application and a holistic study of the challenges is undertaken in order to give new research directions.
Recognition of Generalized Patterns by a Differential Polynomial Neural Network
Authors: Zjavka L.
Published: November 2020

A lot of problems involve unknown data relations, identification of which can serve as a generalization of their qualities. Relative values of variables are applied in this case, and not the absolute values, which can better make use of data properties in a wide range of the validity. This resembles more to the functionality of the brain, which seems to generalize relations of variables too, than a common pattern classification. Differential polynomial neural network is a new type of neural network designed by the author, which constructs and approximates an unknown differential equation of dependent variables using special type of root multi-parametric polynomials. It creates fractional partial differential terms, describing mutual derivative changes of some variables, likewise the differential equation does. Particular polynomials catch relations of given combinations of input variables. This type of identification is not based on a whole-pattern similarity, but only to the learned hidden generalized relations of variables.
Farm-based Evaluation of Sustainable Alternative Irrigation Practices
Authors: Oad S. J. , Maqsood H. , Qureshi A. L. , Ahmed S. , Channa I. A. , Ali M. I.
Published: November 2020

Water management is one crucial component of agribusiness and municipal policy. One of the water-oriented dimensions is irrigation. In Pakistan, there is a lack of water system planning and water conservation management. This study is an effort to focus on water conservation and optimum crop yield using cost effective irrigation practices. This study is based on the comparative analysis among four irrigation techniques: flood irrigation (conventional), furrow, alternate furrow, and raised bed on wheat crop in order to decide the most efficient irrigation technique on clay loam soil. The wheat crop was cultivated in Rabi season from November 2015 to March 2018 on a one-acre area of a local farmer of Sajawal district, Sindh. Randomize complete block design (RCBD) method was used to design and allocate 3 irrigation sub-plots. The results show significance p
A Novel Deep Learning Approach for Semantic Interoperability Between Heteregeneous Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: El Abid Amrani N. , El Kheir Abra O. , Youssfi M. , Bouattane O.
Published: November 2020

This article focuses on the issue of semantic interoperability in heterogeneous distributed multi-agent systems. Existing middleware technologies offer programming models that strongly combine agents’ learning models and communication models, which can lead to performance weaknesses when the number of agents is very important. Moreover, existing methods in the field of semantic interoperability solve the problem of understanding messages exchanged between distributed agents with heterogeneous ontologies, using several techniques to combine these ontologies. The first category of these methods relies on the fusion principle, others use alignment, and finally, there are those founded on Semantic Web technique. All these methods are limited to abstract concepts and do not deal with concrete concepts such as those represented by images. We propose in this paper a new approach that addresses the problem of semantic interoperability between heterogeneous distributed agents based on two principles: At first, the communication aspect of the agent from the learning aspect is separated. Then, we propose extending semantic interoperability to concrete concepts by combining two techniques: Semantic Web technology, which allows terms representing abstract concepts to be interpreted and deep learning technology, which is introduced as a new method to ensure semantic interoperability in the case of concrete concepts such as images. A detailed description of the proposed approach is provided, showing that it is very useful in solving the disadvantages of existing multi-agent platforms.
Intelligent Maximum Power Tracking Control For a Wind Energy System Based on Magnetic Gear Generator
Authors: Belkhir K. S.
Published: November 2020

This paper studies maximum wind power extraction from magnetic gear generator using an artificial neural network for the wind energy system. High speed can be reached with this representation either with magnetic gear generator, under low wind conditions often found inland, or without mechanical gear. In order to track maximum power, the artificial neural network controller adjusts the outer rotor speed, and thus, inner rotor speed. The proposed system is supported by simulation results.
Determination of Fractured Rock’s Representative Elementary Volume by a Numerical Simulation Method
Authors: Gasmi H. , Touahmia M. , Torchani A. , Hamdi E. , Boudjemline A.
Published: November 2020

The present study aims at developing a numerical program called DISSIM which can analyze the homogenization of rock massifs using a new subroutine which calculates Representative Elementary Volume (REV). The DISSIM methodology consists of two steps. The first step involves the modeling of the fractured network in order to provide a surface simulation that represents the real fracture of the examined front. The second step is to numerically model the wave propagation through the simulated fracture network while characterizing the attenuation of vibrations due to the effect of discontinuities. This part allows us to determine in particular the wave propagation velocity through the fractured mass, from which we can determine the homogenized Young's modulus. However, after extensive bibliographic research, it was realized that a third step appeared to be necessary. In fact, it is necessary to look for a representative elementary volume on which we apply the proposed homogenization method. Two types of the representative elementary volume are proposed in this article, the geometric REV and the mechanical REV. The presentation of these two types of REV and the DISSIM methodology are detailed in this paper. Then, this methodology was applied to the study of a real case. The present research provides a method allowing the calculation of both types of REV for fissured rocks. The case study yielded comparable results between the mechanical REV and the geometric REV, which is compatible with previous research studies.
Magnetic Field Influence on The Properties of Water Treated by Reverse Osmosis
Authors: Karkush M. O. , Ahmed M. D. , Al-Ani S. M. A.
Published: November 2020

The current study is focused on reviewing the rapid growing of magnetic water use in different science fields and in measuring the influence of several intensities of magnetization on the chemical and electrical properties of tap water treated by reverse osmosis. This work includes water circulation for 24h in magnetic fields of intensities 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000G. The magnetization of water increases some ions in the water such as Mg, K, Na, Cl, and SiO2and decreases Ca and SO3. The main application of magnetic water is the improvement of the geotechnical properties of soft and swelling soil through precipitation of calcite in pores which increases the bond between soil particles and the strength of the soil.
Numerical Analysis of Soil Slope Stabilization by Soil Nailing Technique
Authors: Mangnejo D. A. , Oad S. J. , Kalhoro S. A. , Ahmed S. , Laghari F. H. , Siyal Z. A
Published: November 2020

Slope instability may be a result of change in stress conditions, rise in groundwater table and rainfall. Similarly, many slopes that have been stable for several years can abruptly fail due to changes in geometry, weak soil shear strength or as the effect of an external force. Debris flows (i.e. slope failures) take place without any warning and can have devastating results. So, it is vital to understand the slope failure mechanism and adopt safety prevention measures. Soil nailing is one of the widely used stabilization techniques for soil slopes. In this study, soil nail technique is proposed to upgrade the existing slope in clay. A parametric study was conducted to understand the effects of different nail diameter (i.e. 25mm and 40mm) and nail inclination (i.e. 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400) on slope stability. Morgenstern-Price (i.e. limit equilibrium) method was used to determine the factor of safety of the slope. It was found that the factor of safety of the existing slope improved significantly with three rows of 40mm diameter nail at an inclination of 400.
Active Contours Using Harmonic Global Division Function
Authors: Bhatti M. T. , Soomro S. , Bughio A. M. , Soomro T. A. , Anwar A. , Soomro M. A.
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the region-based active contours method based on the harmonic global signed pressure force (HGSPF) function. The proposed formulation improves the performance of the level set method by utilizing intensity information based on the global division function, which has the ability to segment out regions with higher intensity differences. The new energy utilizes harmonic intensity, which can better preserve the low contrast details and can segment complicated areas easily. A Gaussian kernel is adjusted to regularize level set and to escape an expensive reinitialization. Finally, a set of real and synthetic images are used for validation of the proposed method. Results demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, the accuracy values are compared to previous state-of-the-art methods.
Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices and Opportunities in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Radwan N. , Mangi S. A.
Published: November 2020

Municipal solid waste management has been given serious attention by the authorities of Saudi Arabia (SA). This study focuses on municipal solid waste (MSW) that predominantly contains food, paper, and plastic waste. However, improper handling of MSW causes several environmental and human health issues. Therefore, it is necessary to review the current practices and future opportunities that have been adopted for solid waste collection, handling, and disposal. Considering the current scenario, this study proposed a reversal approach for MSW management. This study considered that MSW generated in SA has great potential to be converted into wealth. Hence, considering the hostile environment anaerobic treatment and incineration for MSW has been proposed in this study for future research.
An Improved Clarke and Wright Algorithm to Solve the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Caccetta L. , Alameen M. , Abdul-Niby M.
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes an effective hybrid approach that combines domain reduction with the Clarke and Wright algorithm to solve the capacitated vehicle routing problem. The hybrid approach is applied to solve 10 benchmark capacitated vehicle routing problem instances. The dimension of the instances was between 21 to 200 customers. The results show that domain reduction can improve the classical Clarke and Wright algorithm by about 18%. The hybrid approach improves the large instances significantly in comparison with the smaller size instances. This paper will not show the time taken to solve each instance, as the Clarke and Wright algorithm and the hybrid approach took almost the same CPU time.
A Novel High-Gain Quad-Band Antenna with AMC Metasurface for Satellite Positioning Systems
Authors: Bousselmi A. , Gharsallah A. , Vuong T. P.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a new design single feed multi-band antenna is presented. The proposed antenna is designed to operate at the 1.278GHz, 2.8GHz, 5.7GHz, and 10GHz frequency bands which cover the Galileo satellite positioning system (1.278GHz), WLAN (2.8GHz), WIMAX (5.7GHz) and the radar applications (10GHz), respectively. The antenna has a compact size, it is printed on an FR4 substrate of dimensions (60mm×27.5mm×1.67mm) placed on a ground plane of 60mm×17.5mm×0.035mm dimensions. To improve the radiation performance of the proposed antenna, an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) was used as a reflector plane with dimensions of 13.5mm × 13.5mm × 1mm. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement and show the significant improvement of the gain value of the multiband antenna with AMC which is a required propriety for novel wireless communications systems.
In-depth Sampling Study of Charactersitics of Vehcile Crashes in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Shammari N. K. , Darwish S. M. H.
Published: November 2020

It is imperative for any traffic safety enhancing effort to collate and analyze detailed data about crashes. This article describes a study that investigated all aspects related to motor vehicle crashes resulting in human injuries or deaths in Riyadh. The database consisted of 295 collisions involving 331 vehicles, 596 fatalities (car passengers and pedestrians) and 2,454 injuries with Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ≥ 1. Results show that only 15.1% of all vehicle occupants were wearing seatbelts at the time of collision which is reflected in having most injuries occurring to upper parts of the body and the spine. It is also reflected in a high incidence rate of 0.22 fatalities per crash. The average age of victims was 33 years with three quarters of them being males. Results also show that human actions, like reckless driving, over speeding, and sudden lane deviations were the causes of most collisions. It is concluded that in order to improve traffic safety conditions in Riyadh and in the whole country, a change in driving culture of all road users is needed. This can only come with improved awareness of the risks involved among road users, better law enforcement and other engineering and hi-tech countermeasures like smart red lights.
Quality Improvement of a Small Water Supply. A Practical Application of a Full System of Nanofiltration
Authors: Marin Galvin R. , Rodriguez Mellado J. M.
Published: November 2020

The THM level in the Spanish drinking water is limited to less than 0.100 mg/L, due to its potential toxicological effect on humans. This paper investigates the comparison of the results obtained in a small supply of water that historically presented THM contents out of the Spanish normative, versus the results there obtained when the treatment was modified with the inclusion of a nanofiltration system. So, the conventional treatment first applied was that of pre-oxidation with chlorine and/or KMnO4, followed by coagulation with aluminum salts directly on closed sand filter, and disinfection final by chlorination: with this system, THM levels lower than 0.100 mg/L were not always secured. Thus, to improve the water quality, a full system of nanofiltration was implemented, after the above treatment, consisting in: pre-filtration through cartridges, filtration over activated carbon, post-filtration for retaining impurities, and finally, nanofiltration and chlorination of water after nanofiltration. In this order, the new treatment scheme has usually produced water with maximum THM levels of 0.058 mg/L, and average values of 0.013 mg/L, 0.30 mg/L for organic matter concentrations, and water always microbiologically pure. Also, the contents of Fe, Mn and Al in the treated water were significantly reduced with respect to the previous situation without nanofiltration.