bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
White spot lesions in orthodontics: consensus statements for prevention and management
Authors: Sardana Divesh , Schwendicke Falk , Kosan Esra , Tüfekçi Eser
Published: August 2023

Objective

To establish consensus recommendations for clinicians to manage white spot lesions (WSLs) during orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods

Three task force members reviewed the literature to identify best practices for minimizing WSLs during orthodontic treatment. Each draft statement was read to the task force members by a facilitator, followed by voting, accepting, or editing if necessary. The statements were then sent electronically by an independent third party (Magellan Medical Technology Consultants Inc, Minneapolis, Minn) to a previously formed content validation panel consisting of 20 independent private practitioners and clinical academicians for validation.

Results

Twenty-one statements were developed and sent for content validation. While 19 statements achieved a content validation index (CVI) of 0.78, two items did not. These items were edited by the task force members based on qualitative feedback from content validation participants. Each of these revised statements did achieve a CVI of 0.78 on second evaluation from the content validation panelists and therefore were included in this document.

Conclusion

To reduce the risk of WSLs, it is essential to implement individualized caries management measures based on a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s oral and systemic health. Effective at-home and professional mechanical and chemical plaque control should be implemented for high-risk orthodontic patients. Fluoride to support prevention and materials such as orthodontic sealants should also be used to provide a physical barrier around the brackets in high-risk patients. By following these guidelines, orthodontic professionals can help promote oral health and minimize the need for restorative treatment.
Leisure-time physical activity and risk of microvascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A UK Biobank study
Authors: Pagh Bredahl Kristensen Frederik , Adriano Sanchez-Lastra Miguel , Dalene Knut Eirik , Cruz Borja del Pozo , Ried-Larsen Mathias , Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Ding Ding , Ekelund Ulf , Tarp Jakob
Published: August 2023

  

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to determine dose-response associations, including the minimal effective level, between leisure-time physical activity and risk of incident neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This cohort study included 18,092 individuals with type 2 diabetes from the UK Biobank. Self-reported leisure-time physical activity was converted into metabolic equivalent of task-hours/week (MET-hrs). Participants were categorised into no physical activity (0 MET-hrs/week), below recommendations (>0-7.49 MET-hrs/week), at recommendations (7.5-14.9 MET-hrs/week), and above recommendations (≥15 MET-hrs/week). Microvascular complications were identified from hospital inpatient records using diagnosis codes. We used Cox regression analysis to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and restricted cubic splines to identify the minimal effective level of physical activity.

RESULTS

During a median follow-up of 12.1 years, 672 individuals (3.7%) were diagnosed with neuropathy, 1,839 (10.2%) with nephropathy, and 2,099 (11.7%) with retinopathy. Any level of physical activity was associated with a lower risk of neuropathy and nephropathy, but not retinopathy. Compared with those reporting no physical activity, the aHR of neuropathy was 0.71 (0.53-0.90) below recommendations, 0.73 (0.56- 0.96) at recommendations, and 0.67 (0.52-0.87) above recommendations. Corresponding aHRs for nephropathy were 0.79 (0.68-0.92), 0.80 (0.67-0.95), and 0.80 (0.68-0.95). The association with retinopathy was weaker: 0.91 (0.78-1.06), 0.91 (0.77-1.08), and 0.98 (0.84-1.15). 

CONCLUSIONS

Any level of leisure-time physical activity was associated with a lower risk of neuropathy and nephropathy but not retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes. For both neuropathy and nephropathy, the minimal effective physical activity level may correspond to less than 1.5 hours of walking/week.
Nutrient Management for Optimizing Fodder Production of Sorghum – A Review
Authors: Prajapati Brajkishor , Shrivastava Atul Kumar , Sarvade S. , Agrawal S. B. , Solanki R. S.
Published: August 2023

An area under cultivation of fodder crops has almost remained static (8.3 million ha) for the last 3 decades and area under permanent pastures has been declining over the years. Whereas, uncontrolled overgrazing reduced productivity of permanent pastures. Overgrazing also affect the soil bio-physic-chemical properties. The situation is further aggravated due to increasing human population and preferential need for food and growing commercial crops. In India, supply of forage has always been a limiting factor for enhancing livestock production. Demand of green and dry fodder continuously increasing as enhancing country’s livestock population. The gap in feed and forage supply, however, can effectively be reduced through integrated crop management practices with greater emphasis on nutrient management in forage crops. Application of nitrogen increases crude protein, digestible dry matter content and metabolic energy. Growth attributes with respect to plant height, stem diameter, Leaf Area Index (LAI) and number of basal node tillers increased with increase of phosphorus application levels. Application of micronutrients improves enzymatic activities and it leads to increase growth and yield of the fodder sorghum. Review regarding the use of adequate and optimum dose of nutrients especially nitrogen, phosphorus and micronutrients are of prime concern for the fodder sorghum crop in India. Keeping these points in view, the literature reviewed pertaining to the nitrogen, phosphorus and micronutrients in this crop to obtain higher biomass and good quality fodder production.
Status of Freshwater Aquaculture in Gujarat: A Trend Analysis and Potential
Authors: Chaudhari A. K. , Ail Sunil Kumar S. , Misra C. K. , De H. K. , Rathod Ramesh , Bhatt J. H. , Swain S. K.
Published: August 2023

This study was undertaken during 2022 in the Regional Research Center of ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Anand, Gujarat, India to study the present status and potential in the development of freshwater aquaculture in the state of Gujarat. The present seed production (2608.37 million fry) and Inland fish production (0.158  MT) in Gujarat is forecasted to reach 3100 million fry and 0.22 MT in 2030; 4600 million fry  and 3.14 MT in 2050, respectively. The Regional Research station of ICAR-CIFA had contributed significantly in promoting aquaculture by imparting skill training and providing technical backup to fish farmers. Authors argue that in order to further develop freshwater aquaculture value chain, concerted efforts are required to disseminate technology packages for fish breeding and seed rearing, semi-intensive culture practices, diversified fish farming, scientific management (fish feed and nutrition, water quality and fish health), ornamental fish farming, pearl production and cluster-based fish farming. However, successful implementation of suggested points will be depending on the sustainable adaptive capacity of the freshwater aquaculture producers, entrepreneurs, strategies and planning of policy makers and line departments of various state departments, input dealers and buyers in the state of Gujarat. Hence, they need to be supported in terms of skill, policy and market towards establishing a vibrant fish value chain. Therefore, adoption of BMPs, nurturing entrepreneurs, aggregating farmers and strengthening extension services are recommended.
Genotypic Difference in Growth and Physiological Indices of Grain Amaranth Species under Salinity Stress
Authors: Ramani Divyesh H. , Singh Anuj Kumar , Prajapati Nitesh N. , Tiwari Kapil Kumar , Bhadauria Hitendra S.
Published: August 2023

The present experiment was conducted during October to February of year 2019−20, to investigate the effect of salinity on  morpho-physiological traits and identify the genotype have higher salt tolerance among  ten genotypes belongs to three  grain Amaranth species. Plant growth traits viz., plant height, shoot and root dry weight decreases with increase in the salinity stress level (EC of 5 and 10 dS m-1) in all the genotypes, however significant (p<0.01) genotypic difference were present among genotypes and GA-5 maintained the maximum growth under salinity. Percent decrease in SDW and RDW was lowest (10.61−23.86 and 10.37 and 26.59) in A. hypochondriachus while in A. cruentus (15.10-29.55 and 12.78-33.09) and A. caudatus (15.15−28.84 and 16.62-34.90). Salinity significantly (p<0.01) decreases the membrane stability, relative water content and leaf potassium content while, leave sodium content increases. As compared to other genotype GA-5 have maximum membrane stability (53.30), relative water content (85.40%),  K+ accumulation and minimum Na+ accumulation in leaves.Morpho-physiological traits of grain Amaranthus species are significantly positively correlated with dry shoot biomass (0.649), MSI (0.770), RWC (0.768), chlorophyll (0.908), carotenoid (0.883) and leaf potassium (0.883).  It might be concluded that among studied genotypes GA-5 maintained the growth and have higher physiological efficiency results into maximum salt tolerance index also morpho-physiological traits like dry weight, RWC, MSI, Chlorophyll, Carotenoid and leaf potassium content might be utilised for selection of salt tolerant Amaranth genotypes.
Soil Solarization: an Eco-friendly Management Technique of Damping-off of Tomato
Authors: Bhardwaj Swadha , Gupta Meenu , Gupta S. K. , Mehta Devinder Kumar
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted at experimental farm and laboratory of Dept. of Plant Pathology of Dr. YSPUHF, Nauni, Solan Himachal Pradesh in May 2017–November 2018. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of thermal water bathas well as soil solarization on soil temperature and viability of soil borne pathogens of tomato. The disease occurs in two phases i.e. pre-emergence and post emergence that leads to severe infection and crop loss. These pathogens are more likely to influence the development of damping-off disease and their eradication remains a difficult task. Among various eco-friendly methods of disease management, soil solarization is a recourse technique and has been attempted in the present study in mulched and un-mulched beds at three depths i.e., 5, 10 and 20 cm to check the effect of soil solarization on soil temperature. Nursery beds covered with polythene mulch noticed rise in soil temperature and data was recorded for two consecutive crop seasons i.e., 2018 and 2019, where average/ mean weekly temperature was recorded in range of 35.99º to 43.87ºC and 29.25º to 41.68ºC, respectively. The highest temperature was recorded for the nursery beds with 5 cm depth and vice-versa. Overall, conclusive evidence of the survival and killing of pathogens F. oxysporum and R. solani was observed for the corresponding 10 to 20 days and 30 to 40 days schedule of the soil solarization that represents the existence of pathogens.
Studies on Correlation and Path Analysis for Yield and Morpho-Physiological Traits in Elite Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes under Dry DSR System
Authors: Md. Farheen  , Murthy K. Gopala Krishna , Mohan Y. Chandra , Kumar J. Hemantha
Published: August 2023

An experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College, Aswaraopet, Bhadradri Kothagudem district, Telangana, India during July to December 2021 by using thirty elite rice genotypes comprising of different durations i.e. short, medium and long to study the nature of relationship between grain yield and morpho-physiological traits by partitioning the correlation co-efficients between grain yield and morpho-physiological traits into direct and indirect effects.  Observations were recorded on seven yield, six physiological and three root characters. The correlation studies revealed that, grain yield plant-1 had shown a significant positive association with yield contributing traits like 1000 grain weight, spikelet fertility, specific leaf area and root biomass, indicating the importance of these traits in yield improvement. Among all other yield attributing characters, spikelet fertility showed the highest significant positive correlation with yield whereas days to 50% flowering and number of productive tillers plant-1 exhibited non-significant positive association with grain yield plant-1. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the highest positive direct effect on grain yield was exhibited by spikelet fertility and 1000 grain weight. A high magnitude of negative direct effects on yield was shown by field emergence at 14 DAS. Thus, from the studies on correlation and path analysis, it could be concluded that the traits viz., spikelet fertility, 1000 grain weight, specific leaf area and root biomass could be used as selection parameters for improving grain yield under dry DSR system.
SOSIALISASI MENGENAI PERLINDUNGAN DATA PRIBADI DALAM PENGGUNAAN INTERNET DI DESA SUKABUMI, KECAMATAN BATU BRAK, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT
Authors: Wardani Yulia Kusuma , Wisnu Prabowo  , Karyanti  , Nurhayati  , Muhammad Khairil Akbar. Q.  , Parasti Wulan Palupi  , Tifanny Nadila Putri  , Rivaldo Asad Akbar
Published: August 2023

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi salah satunya adalah internet (interconnection networking). Informasi berupa data pribadi menjadi acuan penggunaan aplikasi berbasis internet. Privasi data pribadi menjadi penting karena menyangkut harga diri dan kebebasan berekspresi seseorang. Perlindungan kerahasiaan data pribadi, apabila tidak diatur oleh peraturan perundang-undangan, dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi seseorang akibat penyebarluasan informasi pribadi tersebut. Tujuan dari sosialisasi ini adalah untuk menginformasikan kepada publik tentang perlunya melindungi semua jenis informasi pribadi saat menggunakan Internet dan menganggapnya sebagai aset yang sangat berharga. Penyuluhan dilakukan di Desa Sukabumi, Kecamatan Batu Brak, Kabupaten Lampung Barat dengan melibatkan masyarakat lokal yang menggunakan media sosial untuk kegiatan sehari-hari mereka. Kegiatan sosialisasi dilaksanakan dengan rangkaian kegiatan berupa pemberian ceramah presentasi, dan evaluasi berupa pembagian post-test. Hasil menunjukkan sosialisasi meningkatkan pemahaman peserta mengenai pentingnya perlindungan data pribadi.
Isolation and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida spp. from Pediatric Patients in Kurdistan of Iraq
Authors: Bahi Mohammed Salah , Mustafa Shekhany Khattab Ahmed
Published: August 2023

Candida species are considered the most common opportunistic human fungal pathogen due to the presence of various virulence factors, including its ability to form a biofilm that aids in oral candidiasis. Pediatric patients are more susceptible to oral candidiasis than healthy pediatric because of the factors that encourage Candida oral carriage. This current study aims to isolate, evaluated the antifungal effect on Candida spp. and participated in oral candidiasis of pediatric patients in Sulaymaniyah and Kirkuk city.  The study was performed from September 2021 to February 2022 on two groups of pediatrics which including pediatric patients (n=160) and healthy pediatric (n=50) as a control group. Oral swabs were obtained from 210 participants in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq at the Pediatric teaching hospital of the Sulaymaneyah and Kirkuk governorates. To culture the swabs, Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium was used. HiCrome™ Candida Differential agar used to identify Candida isolated, then depending on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using confirmed polymerase chain reaction. Antifungal sensitivity was done for all C. albicans and non-albicans isolates using five common antifungal disks. Among of the 160 sample of pediatric patient 62 (38.8%) positive for Candida spp. which it is including 17 (27.4 %) and 26 (41.9%), 19 (30.6%) breast feeding, bottle feeding and mixing respectively. While within 50 samples of control group 13 (26%) were positive for Candida spp. which including 2 (15.4%), 9(69.2%), 2(15.4%) of same respectively feeding types. Regarding to the antifungal susceptibility the results showed that C. albicans had higher resistance rates against itraconazole, ketoconazole, and clotrimazole than the non-albicans Candida species However, highly resistant rate were detected in Itraconazole and Ketoconazole with 23.7% and 54.4% respectively, for all Candida species. The Current study concluded that oral candidiasis was more predominant in pediatric patients in compare to healthy pediatric also, and C. albicans is the most prevalent etiologic agent. However, higher rate of sensitivity were detected between Candida species for nystatin, which may suggest as the main treatment for oral Candida infections.
Fluctuation of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction During the Course of Cardiorenal Anemia Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Ito Shigenori , Koike Tomoharu , Matsushige Yoshio , Takasugi Koji , Kato Shinji
Published: August 2023

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection function (HFpEF) has a high prevalence in older adults. HF in the elderly tends to be complicated by renal failure and anemia, known as cardio-renal anemia syndrome (CRAS), with each pathology adversely affecting the other, leading to a negative spiral. The temporal evolution from the onset of HFpEF in CRAS is not well understood. We experienced an elderly case in which the initial onset of CRAS was followed by repeated exacerbations with HFpEF. Multiple medications, including a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, were effective in conjunction with extensive cardiac rehabilitation. Our case highlights the difficulty of treating HFpEF with CRAS.
Post-traumatic stress of Primary Health Care workers during Covid-19. Comparative study between reference and non-reference centers
Authors: Nannou Eirini , Koulouri Agoritsa , Zisopoulou Stavroula , Polymenidou Agapi , Karachaliou Anna
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The SARS-Covid-19 Coronavirus pandemic has been one of the deadliest pandemics in recent years worldwide. Primary Health Care helped significantly in the pandemic with the main purpose of
decongesting Secondary Hospitals.
Purpose: To estimate the rate of post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder in reference and non-reported Health Center staff during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methodology: The sample consisted of 210 employees in Primary Health Reference and Non-Reference Centers Covid-19 of the prefecture of Attica. Data collection was done by completing online questionnaires.
The research tools used were the DSM-5 Post-Traumatic Stress Self-Report Questionnaire (PC-PTSD-5), and the CAD 7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Self-Report Scale.
Results: In the present study, post-traumatic stress was found on the PC-PTSD-5 scale with scores> 3 in 22.4% and> 4 in 15.2% of the study population. Anxiety disorder of mild, moderate and severe level was
recorded in 22.9%, 17.1% and 20% of participants respectively. Significant positive correlation (p <0.001) of the PC-PTSD-5 score with the GAD-7 scale was found. personal protection measures (p <0.001).
Conclusions: Post-traumatic stress and anxiety significantly affect Primary Health Care workers. Our findings identify factors associated with higher levels of psychological impact that can be used to shape psychological
interventions to improve the mental health of Center Health workers following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Incidence and associated factors of congenital syphilis at a tertiary care center in Thailand
Authors: Kulsirichawaroj Pimchanok , Lumbiganon Dissajee
Published: August 2023

Background:

The incidence of congenital syphilis is increasing worldwide, in parallel with the increase of syphilis in the general population.

Objectives:

This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for congenital syphilis at a referral tertiary care center in Bangkok, Thailand.

Methods:

This is a case–control study using the hospital medical records of neonates born at our hospital, whose mothers had confirmed syphilis during pregnancy or at delivery between 2011 and 2018. Maternal and neonatal data were reviewed. Neonates were categorized into congenital syphilis according to CDC surveillance case definition for congenital syphilis 2015 and the American Academy of Pediatrics Congenital Syphilis 2018: confirmed and probable were assigned to the case group, while possible and less likely congenital syphilis were used as the control group. Factors associated with congenital syphilis were analyzed using univariable and multivariable analysis.

Results:

Among 19,558 live births, there were 126 neonates born to mothers with syphilis. Almost 40% of mothers were teenage mothers and 48.4% had inadequate or no syphilis treatment. Forty neonates met the criteria of congenital syphilis giving the incidence of 204 per 100,000 live births (95% confidence interval [CI]: 146–278). Factors associated with congenital syphilis were inadequate treatment of maternal syphilis and preterm birth (adjusted odd ratio [aOR]: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.02–7.11, P = 0.046 and aOR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.01–8.39, P = 0.049, respectively).

Conclusions:

The incidence of congenital syphilis in our institution was high. Factors associated with congenital syphilis were inadequate treatment of maternal syphilis and preterm birth. Improvement of prenatal care should be emphasized.
Genetic variability and stability analysis of chili in three environments
Authors: Inayah Yasmin Kamila  , Maharijaya Awang , Sobir
Published: August 2023

Chili is an important vegetable crop consumed by most Indonesian people. Chili production is affected by the limited varieties and low adaptability to growing in different environments. This study aimed to identify the variability of 22 chili pepper on morphology, the genotype x environment interaction, and the stability of 10 chili pepper genotypes in 3 different environments. The study was conducted from July 2020 to February 2022 in Sleman DIY, Bogor, and Blitar. The experimental design used a single-factor randomized complete block design, each consisting of three replicates. The genotypes evaluated were HCR 17-003, HCR 17-004, HCR 17-007, HCR 17-008, HCR17-012, HCR 17-013, HCR 17-014, HCR 17-017, F7-1, F7-2, F7-3, Ca011, Ca013, Ca020, Ca021, Cf002, Cf005, Cf007, Cf010, Cf015, Bonita, and Loblita. Ten genotypes were evaluated in stability analysis, i.e., PKHT A, PKHT B, Bara, Genie, Centil, PKHT C, PKHT D, Bonita, Sona, and Tunduk. The biplot analysis for genetic diversity study showed a total diversity was 40.5% for the two main components. The genotype x environment interaction had a significant effect on productivity. PKHT C and Sona were identified as stable based on the Francis-Kannenberg method. PKHT C, Sona, PKHT B, and Bonita were stable based on the Wricke method. PKHT A and Bonita were stable based on Finlay-Wilkilson methods. PKHT B, PKHT C, Sona, and Bonita were identified as stable based on the AMMI method. The genotype which is stable based on all stability methods was PKHT C.

Keywords: AMMI; GxE interaction; parametric stability; variety.
Comparison of Effectiveness of Acupuncture at Different Patterns of Fixed Points by Only Tapping Technique
Authors:   International Oriental Medical Center, Isobe Tetsuya
Published: August 2023

It can be that the addition of some important acupoints improves effectiveness for many conditions in the acupuncture at fixed points by only tapping.
Uncovering the Mechanisms of Ranunculus Ternatus against Breast Cancer Based On Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors:   Shandong University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sun Chunguang
Published: August 2023

This study elucidated the potential molecular mechanism of RT in the treatment of BC, and it provides a basis for future experimental research and serves as a reference for new drug design.
Akademisierung der Psychotherapieausbildung in Deutschland: Aktuelle Entwicklungen, kritische Anmerkungen und offene Fragen
Authors: Kirsch Holger , Behringer Noelle
Published: August 2023

Im Beitrag wird ein Überblick über aktuelle Entwicklungen zur Reform der Psychotherapieausbildung in Deutschland gegeben, die künftig über weite Strecken an Universitäten erfolgen wird. Es wird auf die Entstehung des Gesetzes, daraus erwachsende Folgen sowie auf Kritikpunkte und notwendige Umstrukturierungen eingegangen. Offene Fragen betreffen insbesondere die kompetente Vermittlung psychodynamischer Methoden an Universitäten, die Vermittlung von gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen für das Entstehen psychischer Störungen und die Einengung des Zugangs zur Psychotherapieausbildung infolge der Benachteiligung der Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften.
Psychotherapie in Österreich: Der Ausbildungsweg und die berufliche Situation von Psychotherapeut’innen
Authors: Korunka Christian , Hochgerner Markus
Published: August 2023

Die vorliegende Studie steht in der Tradition der umfassenden empirischen Studien, die in Österreich zum Berufsbild und zum Ausbildungsweg zur Psychotherapie durchgeführt wurden. Es wird ein Überblick über diese Studien und zu den Eckdaten der psychotherapeutischen Ausbildung gegeben. Für die empirische Studie liegen Einschätzungen von 413 Psychotherapeut’innen (die Stichprobe ist repräsentativ in wesentlichen Merkmalen) zu ihrem Ausbildungsweg und zu ihrer Arbeitssituation vor. Der Ausbildungsweg wird insgesamt sehr positiv beurteilt. Im Propädeutikum sind selbstselektive Mechanismen zu beobachten, die zu einer hohen Qualität der therapeutischen Ausbildung beitragen. Die Einschätzungen der Arbeitssituation ist in den meisten Fällen sehr positiv; die Berufserfahrung spielt dabei für die Praxisauslastung eine wichtige Rolle. In Bezug zu den früheren Studien kann von einer Zunahme der Versorgungsqualität ausgegangen werden.
UPAYA HUKUM TERHADAP ILLEGAL FISHING KAPAL PENANGKAP IKAN VIETNAM DI ZEEI
Authors: Amandha Budhy Adhywidya  , Anto Ismu Budianto
Published: August 2023

Indonesia adalah negara pantai yang memiliki ZEE seluas 3000.000 km2 dengan kekayaan hayati dan nonhayati yang beragam dan melimpah. Oleh karena itu di wilayah ZEE, tepatnya di Laut Natuna Utara, sering terjadi illegal fishing, yang salah satu dari pelaku illegal fishing tersebut adalah nelayan Vietnam. Terkait hal itu, permasalahan yang akan diteliti adalah bagaimana pemerintah mengatur zona penangkapan ikan di ZEE Indonesia; dan apa upaya hukum yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Indonesia untuk menangani illegal fishing di Laut Natuna Utara oleh kapal penangkap ikan Vietnam? Metode penelitian yang digunakan artikel ini adalah library research, bersifat deskriptif, dengan menggunakan sumber data sekunder, analisis data secara kualitatif dan cara penarikan kesimpulan artikel ini menggunakan metode deduktif. Hasil penelitian tercatat sejak bulan Mei 2021 sampai dengan Februari 2022 sebanyak 75 kapal penangkap ikan Vietnam melakukan illegal fishing di Laut Natuna Utara. Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini menguraikan mengenai upaya penyelesaian batas ZEE antara Indonesia dengan Vietnam diwilayah Laut Natuna Utara berdasarkan hukum nasional Indonesia dan UNCLOS. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pemerintah Indonesia wajib menyegerakan penyelesaian batas ZEE antara Indonesia dengan Vietnam berdasarkan ketentuan yang berlaku dan melengkapi armada laut Indonesia dengan teknologi yang maju dan/atau senjata yang lebih memadai.
THE USE OF GOOGLE SITES IN EXTENSIVE LISTENING CLASSROOM: STUDENTS’ VOICES
Authors: Gunawan Muhammad Handi , Hanifa Eisha Sabila Dieni , Gunawan Aninda Putri , Suherdi Didi
Published: August 2023

Extensive Listening (EL) is a recent study whose development is sparked by Extensive Reading (ER). However, not many studies have been conducted on the implementation of Extensive Listening in the classroom using digital tools provided on the internet such as Google Sites. This study aims to examine students’ perceptions of the use of Google Sites in extensive listening classes. It was conducted using a qualitative design by involving 18 second-year students at a higher education level. The students’ classroom reflections and the semi-structured style of the interview were included as the research instruments. The results showed that most of the students believed that Google Sites is useful to enhance their creativity and motivate them to be actively involved in extensive listening activities.
THEORETICAL MODEL FOR VIRTUAL REALITY JOURNALISM RESEARCH (MVRJR)
Authors: Hernández-Rodríguez Juan Camilo
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT – Virtual reality (VR) journalism promises to impact the cognitive, affective and behavioral faculties of audiences. However, research on VR journalism does not have its own theoretical frameworks. Therefore, this article proposes a model, the MIPRV, which integrates the Uses and Gratifications Theory (U&G), Affordances, and the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECT) to analyze the three stages of the ‘journey’ (separation, immersion and return) that a user experiences when exposed to a VR news story. The model achieves, in addition to rereading in light of the ethical and normative principles of journalism several of the concepts associated with VR (e.g., presence, embodiment, empathy, etc.), formulating affordances (e.g., storyliving) and gratifications/effects unique to non-fiction stories (e.g., news values and framing, authenticity of the news events and content credibility, knowledge and understanding of the event).
RESUMO – O jornalismo de realidade virtual (RV) promete impactar, mais ou menos, as faculdades cognitivas, afetivas e comportamentais das audiências. No entanto, a pesquisa sobre jornalismo de realidade virtual não possui quadros teóricos próprios. Portanto, este artigo propõe um modelo, o MIPRV, que integra Usos e Gratificações (U&G), Potencialidades Tecnológicas da mídia (affordances, em inglês) e o Modelo de Confirmação de Expectativas (ECT, em inglês) para analisar as três etapas da ‘jornada’ (separação, imersão e retorno) que experimenta um usuário quando exposto a uma notícia de RV. O modelo consegue, além de reler à luz dos princípios éticos e normativos do jornalismo, vários dos conceitos associados à RV (por exemplo, presença, corporificação, empatia, etc.), formular potencialidades tecnológicas (por exemplo, storyliving) e gratificações/efeitos exclusivo para histórias de não ficção (por exemplo, valores e enquadramento da notícia, autenticidade do fato e credibilidade do conteúdo, conhecimento e compreensão do evento).
RESUMEN – El periodismo de realidad virtual (RV) promete impactar, más o menos, las facultades cognitivas, afectivas y conductuales de las audiencias. Su investigación, empero, carece de modelos teóricos propios. En este artículo se propone un modelo, el MIPRV, que integra las teorías de Usos y Gratificaciones (U&G), de Potencialidades tecnológicas de los medios (affordances, en inglés) y el Modelo de Confirmación de Expectativas (MCE) para analizar las tres etapas del ‘viaje’ (separación, inmersión y retorno) que experimenta un usuario al exponerse a una historia periodística de RV. El modelo consigue, además de releer a la luz de los principios éticos y normativos del periodismo varios de los conceptos asociados a la RV (ej.: presencia, encarnación, empatía, etc.), formular potencialidades tecnológicas (ej.: narrativa viva) y gratificaciones/efectos exclusivos de los relatos de no ficción (ej.: valores y encuadres informativos, autenticidad del acontecimiento noticioso y credibilidad en el contenido, conocimiento y comprensión del acontecimiento).
MRI assessment of cervical spinal cord cross-sectional area in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Al-Tameemi Haider N. , Hassoun Hayder K. , Mohammed Israa Q. , Allebban Zuhair
Published: August 2023

Objectives:

Spinal cord abnormalities including cervical cord atrophy are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to assess the cervical spinal cord cross-sectional area (CSA) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in MS patients.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty participants were enrolled in this study (16 male and 44 female), 30 patients with MS, diagnosed according to the revised McDonald criteria, and 30 apparently healthy individuals as the control group. CSA of the spinal cord was measured on axial T2-weighted images of the cervical MRI studies from C2 to C7 vertebral levels.

Results:

There was a significant difference between MS patients and the control group in mean CSA at a different level. The mean CSA at C2, in MS cases, was significantly lower than controls (67.7 ± 9.4 mm2 vs. 81.3 ± 4.6 mm2). Similarly, the mean CSA at C7 (64.4 ± 9.9 mm2) and average C2–7 (68 ± 9.1 mm2) of MS cases were significantly lower than the control. There was a strong inverse correlation between mean cervical cord CSA and duration of the disease and disability score. The reduction in cervical cord CSA was more prominent in patients with secondary progressive MS. There was no significant difference regarding age, gender, type of treatment, or the number of cervical cord lesions.

Conclusion:

The mean CSA was significantly lower in patients with MS than in the control group and was lesser in progressive types. Patients with a longer duration of MS and a high disability score tend to have smaller CSA.
Diarylethene Photoswitches Undergoing 6π Azaelectrocyclic Reaction: Disrotatory Thermal Cycloreversion of the Closed-Ring Isomer
Authors: Hamatani Shota , Kitagawa Daichi , Kobatake Seiya
Published: August 2023

Gaining insight into the dynamics of electrocyclic reactions is very important from both fundamental and application perspectives. In this study, we developed novel diarylethene photoswitches that undergo 6π azaelectrocyclic reaction. We found that they exhibit fast thermally reversible type (T-type) photochromism in contrast to the fact that common diarylethenes exhibit photochemically reversible type (P-type) photochromism. The quantum chemical calculations revealed that the fast T-type photochromism originates from the unprecedented disrotatory thermal cycloreversion of the closed-ring isomer. Our results provide useful information not only for the dynamics of the 6π azaelectrocyclic reaction but also for the further development of diarylethene photoswitches utilizing 6π azaelectrocyclic reaction.
PLAS-20k: Extended Dataset of Protein-Ligand Affinities from MD Simulations for Machine Learning Applications
Authors: Priyakumar U. Deva , Korlepara Divya B , C.S. Vasavi , Srivastava Rakesh , Pal Pradeep Kumar , Raza Saalim H. , Kumar Vishal , Pandit Shivam , Nair Aathira G. , Pandey Sanjana , Sharma Shubham , Jeurkar Shruti , Thakran Kavita , Jaglan Reena , Verma Shivangi , Ramachandran Indhu , Chatterjee Prathit , Nayar Divya
Published: August 2023

Computing binding affinities is of great importance in drug discovery pipeline and its prediction using advanced machine learning methods still remains a major challenge as the existing datasets and models do not consider the dynamic features of protein-ligand interactions. To this end, we have developed PLAS-20k dataset, an extension of previously developed PLAS-5k, with 97,500 independent simulations on a total of 19,500 different protein-ligand complexes. Our results show good correlation with the available experimental values, performing better than docking scores. This holds true even for a subset of ligands that follows Lipinski’s rule, and for diverse clusters of complex structures, thereby highlighting the importance of PLAS-20k dataset in developing new ML models. Along with this, our dataset is also beneficial in classifying strong and weak binders compared to docking. Further, OnionNet model has been retrained on PLAS-20k dataset and is provided as a baseline for the prediction of binding affinities. We believe that large-scale MD-based datasets along with trajectories will form new synergy, paving the way for accelerating drug discovery.
Anomeric Triflates vs Dioxanium ions: Different Product-Forming Intermediates from 1-Thiophenyl-2-O-Benzyl-3-O-Benzoyl-4,6-O-Benzylidene-Mannose and Glucose
Authors: Remmerswaal Wouter , Elferink Hidde , Houthuijs Kas , Hansen Thomas , ter Braak Floor , Berden Giel , van der Vorm Stefan , Martens Jonathan , Oomens Jos , van der Marel Gijsbert , Boltje Thomas , Codée Jeroen
Published: August 2023

Minimal structural differences in the structure of glycosyl donors can have a tremendous impact on their reactivity and the stereochemical outcome of their glycosylation reactions. It can be exceedingly hard to adequately account for the observed differences and our current understanding of the nature of different reactive intermediates and the reaction pathways in which these are involved often only allows for speculative explanations. Here we used the detection and characterization of fleeting reactive intermediates in combination with systematic glycosylation reactions to understand the disparate behavior of “benchmark” glycosylation systems involving benzylidene glucosyl and mannosyl donors. While these systems have been studied extensively, no satisfactory explanations are available for the differences observed between the 3-O-benzyl/benzoyl mannose and glucose donor systems. We report the use of in-depth computational studies to map the potential energy surfaces of the different reaction pathways available for these donors and through these we have discovered the underlying reasons for the disparate behavior of the seemingly very similar systems. Evidence has been provided for the intermediacy of benzylidene mannosyl 1,3-dioxanium ions while the formation of the analogous 1,3-glucosyl dioxanium ions is thwarted by a prohibitively strong flagpole interaction of the C-2-O-benzyl group with the C-5-proton in moving towards the transition state in which the glucose ring adopts a B2,5-conformation. This study provides a long-awaited explanation for the intermediacy of 1,3-dioxanium ions in the mannosyl system and an answer as to why these do not form from analogous glucosyl donors.
ChemOS 2.0: an orchestration architecture for chemical self-driving laboratories
Authors: Sim Malcolm , Ghazi Vakili Mohammad , Strieth-Kalthoff Felix , Hao Han , Hickman Riley , Miret Santiago , Pablo-García Sergio , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: August 2023

Self-driving laboratories (SDLs), which combine automated experimental hardware with computational experiment planning, have emerged as powerful tools for accelerating materials discovery. The intrinsic complexity created by their multitude of components requires an effective orchestration platform to ensure the correct operation of diverse experimental setups. Existing orchestration frameworks, however, are either tailored to specific setups or have not been implemented for real-world synthesis. To address these issues, we introduce ChemOS 2.0, an orchestration architecture that efficiently coordinates communication, data exchange, and instruction management among modular laboratory components. By treating the laboratory as an "operating system" ChemOS 2.0 combines ab-initio calculations, experimental orchestration and statistical algorithms to guide closed-loop operations. To demonstrate its capabilities, we showcase ChemOS 2.0 in a case study focused on discovering organic laser molecules. The results confirm the ChemOS 2.0's prowess in accelerating materials research and demonstrate its potential as a valuable design for future SDL platforms.
Generating fast-twitch myotubes in vitro with an optogenetic-based, quantitative contractility assay
Authors: Hennig Katharina , Hardman David , Barata David MB , Martins Inês IBB , Bernabeu Miguel O , Gomes Edgar R , Roman William
Published: August 2023

The composition of fiber types within skeletal muscle impacts the tissue’s physiological characteristics and susceptibility to disease and ageing. In vitro systems should therefore account for fiber-type composition when modelling muscle conditions. To induce fiber specification in vitro, we designed a quantitative contractility assay based on optogenetics and particle image velocimetry. We submitted cultured myotubes to long-term intermittent light-stimulation patterns and characterized their structural and functional adaptations. After several days of in vitro exercise, myotubes contract faster and are more resistant to fatigue. The enhanced contractile functionality was accompanied by advanced maturation such as increased width and up-regulation of neuron receptor genes. We observed an up-regulation in the expression of fast myosin heavy-chain isoforms, which induced a shift towards a fast-twitch phenotype. This long-term in vitro exercise strategy can be used to study fiber specification and refine muscle disease modelling.
Empowering Children through Sex Education: A Study on Kindergarten Policies in Indonesia
Authors: Yusuf Munir , Firman Firman , Hasriadi Hasriadi , Mirnawati Mirnawati
Published: August 2023

This article explores the urgency of sexual education for early childhood, focusing on the role of teachers in delivering this material. This study aims to understand how sex education can be delivered according to the psychological developmental stages of early childhood. Employing ten participants, this qualitative study included observation and in-depth interviews with teachers and parents at two major kindergartens in Palopo City, namely Paramata Bunda Palopo Kindergarten and Datok Sulaiman Palopo Kindergarten. Research instruments included interview guidelines and observation sheets. Data were analysed through thematic analysis, considering the perspectives of educational psychology, educational sociology and religious education. The results showed that sex education needs to be delivered with simple language and content adapted to early childhood development, involving the active role of teachers, parents, and the community. Sexual education can also help children understand the values of gender equality and avoid sexual discrimination. In addition, religious education plays an important role in understanding moral values in the context of sex. This study concludes that sexual education for early childhood is important and needs to be done with an approach appropriate to the stages of child development and involving various parties. The contributions of this study include recommendations for developing sexual education curricula in kindergartens and the education of teachers and parents in providing sexual education. The results also show potential for future research in developing more effective strategies in sexual education for early childhood.
The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge ̶ Design of articulation systems
Authors: Lausten Søren , Andersen Henrik Schächter
Published: August 2023

The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge in Türkiye carries the new Malkara-Çanakkale Motorway across the Çanakkale strait. This paper describes the design of the articulation system for the suspension bridge. The bridge articulation is defined as the mechanism which accommodates the movements and flexures in all directions of the bridge deck, a state of mobility which is ever-present under varied influences as temperature, wind, traflic, and seismic actions. The focus point for this paper is the longitudinal restraint system for the bridge girder, defined by end stops and hydraulic buffers. End stops are introduced to protect the deck expansion joints against large longitudinal movements. The end stops are located between the bridge deck and the tower legs. This position limits the movements in the joints to a range which can be accommodated by known joints product range. During seismic events it is important that the end stops are not engaged to avoid excessive forces due to the massive energy input from the moving deck structure. Hydraulic buffers are installed between the suspended deck and the tower legs. The purpose of the hydraulic buffers is to restrain movements from frequent and fast acting loads such as passing trucks and dynamic parts of wind loads and thus limit the wear on bearings and expansion joints and thereby increasing the expected lifetime of these components.
Opportunities in Civil Projects with Artiﬁcial Intelligence
Authors: Kjellgren Alexander , Kettil Per , Karlsson Mats , Rempling Rasmus
Published: August 2023

The digitalization of civil projects is accelerating. The amount of data is increasing, requirements from clients are more precise; and time is always of the essence. To analyse and compare different production methods, innovative designs and sustainability are essential keys. A promising approach is to combine automated design methods and tools supported by artificial intelligence (AI). The purpose of this study was to identify and describe knowledge gaps in this field, i.e., what method development is necessary and what can be done with the support of AI. A series of interviews were performed with experienced personnel from the construction business. The focus was to establish where best practice lies today, regarding evaluation of alternatives and finding opportunities in today’s tender process and early phases of a project. Furthermore, a literature review was performed to determine the possibilities with analysis with AI from a wide set of requirements, together with changing input variables. The focus was to establish what possible opportunities that comes with comparison analysis with AI and point out new demands that might arise from this process. Furthermore, the state-of-the-art of today’s design methods and contractors working procedure was described, with a focus on how contractors are working in order to find opportunities in civil projects today. It can be concluded that requirements documents and information management need to improve. Furthermore, several methods for multi-objective constrained optimization exists today. If this is combined with a set-based parametric design approach, contractors could increase their ability in finding opportunities.
Inspection of the Source of the Nile Bridge
Authors: de Melo Mark , Ciurte Diana , Rayat Kulvinder
Published: August 2023

This paper describes the methodology used to inspect the Source of the Nile Bridge in Uganda. It is a 525m cable-stayed bridge opened to traffic in October 2018. It replaces the existing Nalubaale Dam/Bridge as the major crossing point across the River Nile at Jinja in the Eastern Region of Uganda. Arup, working for the Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA), carried out a visual inspection of the Source of the Nile Bridge as part of the handover. The inspection methodology involved using a bespoke web application accessed from a smartphone to record the visual inspection. The app enabled successful completion of the inspection in a limited time frame and following strict client standards for data collection and reporting of condition. Observations and records were stored in a database hosted in the cloud. This enabled results to be summarised and presented using a cloud-based web interface employing tables and dashboards. The outcome was an intuitive interface which offers an opportunity for continual monitoring of the structures condition over its lifetime.