bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Metode Hybrid e-Learning untuk Praktikum Imunologi Farmasi di Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Gadjah Mada
Authors: Ikawati Muthi' , Hermawan Adam , Sahid Muhammad Novrizal Abdi , Kristina Susi Ari , Sasmito Ediati
Published: February 2021

Laboratory work of Pharmaceutical Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy UGM aims to provide skills of applying antigens, antibodies, and immunological techniques in pharmaceutical; and ideally each student should be able to perform it completely. However, the limitation of time and facilities making the learning process ineffective. An innovative learning method such as hybrid e-learning is expected to increase the learning effectiveness. Learning materials and online quizzes/discussions were uploaded and carried out using elisa.ugm.ac.id (eLisa), respectively, combined with on-site works in the laboratory. The method was evaluated by examination scores and final grades. Student participations in online quizzes increased from first to fourth quiz (average participation rate 98.86±0.87%). Compared to the conventional method applied in 2016 (n=207), the examination average score did not increase; however, the percentage of students whose score is 90-100 were higher in the hybrid e-learning. The average final grade of the hybrid e-learning was 81.43±0.70; whereas the conventional method of 2016 was 80.22±5.22. More than 80% students (n=48) expressed easiness in following courses and were satisfied with the online learning materials’ quality. Hence, the hybrid e-learning results positive effects in increasing the effectiveness of the learning process. Development of more interactive online platforms is needed to optimize the learning process.
A Student Telephone Intervention for Primary Care Patient Safety During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wilkinson Joanne E. , Bowen Garrett , Gonzalez-Wright Jeanette
Published: February 2021

Background and Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students were unable to participate in clinical learning for several weeks. Many primary care patients no-showed to appointments and did not receive care. We implemented a telephone outreach program using medical students to call primary care patients who no-showed to appointments and did not receive care.
Methods: A brief plan-do-study-act cycle was used to establish protocols and supervision for the phone calls.
Results: In the first 5 weeks, of 3,274 scheduled patients there were 426 no-shows; 309 received outreach from students. We developed protocols for supervision, routing, and triage.
Conclusion: It is feasible and educationally valuable to collaborate with students to reach patients who are at home due to the pandemic. Other practices could adapt this tool in similar situations.
Corporate governance and firm performance in the emerging market: A review of the empirical literature
Authors: Antwi Isaac Francis , Carvalho Carla , Carmo Cecília
Published: February 2021

After decades of many corporate scandals and financial meltdowns, the quest for effective corporate governance and firm performance has raised the concern of a lot of academicians, practitioners, and researchers regarding articles written on this issue. This study seeks to review corporate governance and firm performance articles written in Ghana under the author’s keywords in order to fulfill the objective. The goal is to identify the research trend and then to suggest the idea of future research directions. The study has conducted a review of corporate governance research by searching at Scopus and Web of Science research databases from 2006 to 2020 to prepare the list of articles. A comprehensive review of recent corporate governance and firm performance literature is essential because it provides a basis for comparing Ghana’s corporate governance research experience with other emerging economies in other continents. The findings reveal that two keywords on corporate governance analysed in this study – board composition and ownership – have many written articles, while compensation has the least number of articles. However, in the future, gender diversity and audit committee may be investigated since it has received global attention.
Functional diversity and coexistence of carnivorous and noncarnivorous plants in wet, species-rich savannas
Authors: Brewer Stephen , Zee Peter
Published: February 2021

1. Trait differences among plant species can favor species coexistence.
The role that such differences play in the assembly of diverse plant
communities maintained by frequent fires remains unresolved. This lack
of resolution results in part from the possibility that species with
similar traits may coexist because none has a significant fitness
advantage and in part from the difficulty of experimental manipulation
of highly diverse assemblages dominated by perennial species. 2. We
examined a 65-year chronosequence of losses of herbaceous species
following fire suppression (and subsequent encroachment by Pinus
elliottii) in three wet longleaf pine savannas. We used cluster
analysis, similarity profile permutation tests and k-R cluster analysis
to identify statistically significant functional groups. We then used
randomization tests to determine if the absence of functional groups
near pines was greater (or less) than expected by chance. We also tested
whether tolerant and sensitive species were less (or more) likely to
co-occur by chance in areas in savannas away from pines in accordance
with predictions of modern coexistence theory. 3. Functional group
richness near pines was lower than expected from random species
extirpations. Wetland perennials with thick rhizomes and high leaf water
content, spring-flowering wetland forbs (including Drosera tracyi),
orchids, Polygala spp., and club mosses were more likely to be absent
near pines than expected by chance. C3 grasses and sedges with seed
banks and tall, fall-flowering C4 grasses were less likely to be absent
near pines than expected by chance. Species sensitive to pine
encroachment were more likely to co-occur with other such species away
from pines at two of the three sites. 4. Results suggest that herb
species diversity in frequently-burned wet savannas is maintained in
part by a weak fitness (e.g., competitive) hierarchy among herbs, and
not as a result of trait differences among co-occurring species.
Reverse Impaired Fasting Glucose in Overweight and Obese Patients Participating in a Self-Paid University Weight Management Program
Authors: Surampudi Vijaya , Zhou XinKai , Tseng Chi-Hong , Heber David , Li Zhaoping
Published: February 2021

Aims: The progression of prediabetes to T2DM can be delayed through diet
modification and weight management. This retrospective review examines
the impact on blood sugar, blood pressure, and fasting lipids of a
self-pay weight management program utilizing protein-enriched meal
replacements and partial meal replacement diets providing 2.2
grams/kg/day of protein in overweight and obese patients with impaired
fasting glucose and excess body fat (average %body fat ca. 40%).
Methods: The medical records of 4634 obese patient who participated in
the self-pay UCLA Weight Management Program were reviewed to identify
2572 eligible patients for this retrospective study of the impact of
weight loss over 3 months on patients with normal fasting glucose (NFG)
(n=1396) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (n=1176). Results: Patients
with IFG lost comparable amounts of weight (ca. 10 kg) at three months
as did the subjects with NFG. Fasting blood glucose in the IFG group
decreased from 108.49 ± 6.4 mg/dl to 101.8 ±9.41 mg/dl
(p<0.0001) after three months. There were also significant
reductions in triglycerides, and both systolic and diastolic blood
pressure in both groups in association with weight loss. Conclusion: Our
medically supervised self-pay multidisciplinary weight management
program utilizing protein-enriched diets and meal replacements reduced
fasting blood glucose levels in patients with IFG while reducing
triglycerides and blood pressure in all patients over three months.
Asparaginase activity monitoring and management of asparaginase hypersensitivity reactions in Canada
Authors: Pike Meghan , MacDonald Tamara , Kulkarni Ketan
Published: February 2021

Background Pegaspargase (PEG), can cause anti-asparaginase (ASP)
antibody formation, which can decrease its effectiveness without causing
any clinically-apparent reaction (CAR) (silent inactivation [SI]).
When a patient has SI, a switch to Erwinia ASP is warranted, but there
is currently a global shortage of Erwinia. Up to 30% of patients
receiving PEG will experience a CAR, while only 8% of patients will
experience SI; the only way to distinguish between these is by measuring
an ASP level. However, routine ASP monitoring is not currently standard
of care at all Canadian centres. This study aims to identify variations
in practice regarding ASP monitoring and Erwinia use. Procedure A
21-item survey was developed using OPINIO software and distributed to
all Pediatric Hematology-Oncologists in Canada from Feb-Oct 2020.
Results Respondents represented 15 hospitals across each region of
Canada (response rate=52%). Only 39.2% of respondents reported
routinely measuring ASP levels, yet 53% of respondents have modified
therapy from PEG to Erwinia in up to half of their patients. The most
common reason for not measuring ASP levels was not knowing how to use
levels clinically (25.5%). There was variation in the timing of levels
and their target. Conclusions We identified substantial variation in ASP
activity monitoring practices across Canada. Therefore, future research
should aim to develop a national practice guideline on ASP activity
monitoring.
Treatment Outcome of Pediatric B-ALL with Bone Marrow and Extramedullary Relapse by Anti-CD19 CAR-T
Authors: Wan Xinyu , Yang Fan , Yang Xiaomin , Wang tianyi , Ding Lixia , Miao Yan , Wang Xiang , Ma Yani , Luo Chengjuan , Tang Jingyan , Gu Longjun , Chen Jing , Tang Yanjing , Lu Jun , Li Benshang
Published: February 2021

Background: Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Immunotherapy
(19CAR-T) has achieved impressive clinical achievements in both adult
and pediatric relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-lineage acute lymphoblastic
leukemia (B-ALL). However, the application and effect of CAR-T therapy
in B-ALL patients with extramedullary relapse are rarely issued even
disqualified in some clinical trials. Here, we examined the efficacy of
19CAR-T in patients with both bone marrow and extramedullary
involvement. Methods: CAR-T cells were generated by a lentiviral vector
transfection into primary human T lymphocytes to express anti-CD19 and
anti-CD22 single chain antibody fragments (scFvs) with the cytoplasmic
domains of 4-1BB and CD3ζ. Patients diagnosed as r/r B-ALL with
extramedullary origination were infused with anti-CD19 CAR-T cells. The
clinical responses were evaluated by bone marrow aspiration, imaging,
and flow cytometry examination. Results: A total of 8 patients received
19CAR-T infusion and all of them acquired complete remission (CR), in
which only 1 patient was bridged to hematopoietic stem cell
transplantation (HSCT). Even though there were 3 patients relapsed after
infusion, they received 19/22CAR-T infusion sequentially and acquired
the second remission. To date, 5 patients are continuous CR, and all
patients are still alive. The mean follow-up time was 21.9 months while
the 24-month estimated event-free survival (EFS) is 51.4%. Conclusions:
Anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy can lead to clinical remission for
extramedullary relapsed pediatric B-ALL patients. However, the problem
of CD19+ relapses after CAR-T remained to be solved. For patients
relapsing after CAR-T, the second CAR-T therapy suggests creating
another opportunity of remission for subsequent HSCT.
A New Theory for Human Social Development
Authors: Loveless Herbert
Published: February 2021

A new theory for the social development of man is proposed based on the
skeletal similarity between Ardi (Ardipithecus ramidus). It has been the
standard theory to model the earliest social development of human
ancestors on the chimpanzee because this species, along with the bonobo,
is closest to man genetically. However, the chimpanzee, bonobo an
gorilla are all knuckle walkers with “hunched over, constricted”
skeletons.  Both Ardi and the orangutan have extended skeletons. This
suggests that the two species had similar forms of locomotion and that
Ardi spent virtually its entire life in the forest canopy as the
orangutan does,  and there for that Ardi was pre-evolved for bipedal
locomotion. It also suggests that Ardi might have exhibited social
behavior similar to what the orangutan exhibits both in nature and when
raised in rescue centers.
Neopanspermia – Evidence That Life Continuously Arrives at the Earth from Space
Authors:   Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka, Wainwright Milton ,   Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan., Wickramasinghe N. Chandra ,   Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK; Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka; Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan; National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka, Tokoro Gensuke ,   Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan
Published: February 2021

The theory of panspermia in a variety of forms remains an important theory to account for the origin of life on Earth and possibly also on other planetary bodies orbiting the “habitable zones” of stars. A form of panspermia we review here, that can be called neopanspermia, encapsulates the concept that a continuing infall of microbiota from space contributes both to the inception of life on Earth and its subsequent evolution. We discuss the development of the theory of panspermia and show how, over the past decade, we have used balloon-borne samplers (lofted to heights approaching 30km) to isolate unusual Biological Entities (BEs) which, we maintain, are continuously arriving at the Earth from space. These BEs are carbon-based, show bilateral symmetry, contain DNA and are in the range 10-40 micrometres in dimension. Their sizes are an order of magnitude higher than par-ticles (including bacteria and viruses) of terrestrial origin that are normally recovered in the strato-sphere. The fact that Earth-organisms (e.g. pollen grains, grass-shards and fungal spores) have not been found in our samples provides additional evidence that the isolated BEs originate from space and are of extraterrestrial provenance. We propose that such incoming microorganisms led to the emergence of life on the primitive Earth between 3.83 and 4 billion years ago and thereafter have continuously contributed to its evolution.
Beneficial Metabolic Effects of TREM2 in Obesity Are Uncoupled From Its Expression on Macrophages
Authors: Sharif Omar , Brunner Julia Stefanie , Korosec Ana , Martins Rui , Jais Alexander , Snijder Berend , Vogel Andrea , Caldera Michael , Hladik Anastasiya , Lakovits Karin , Saluzzo Simona , Boehm Benedikta , Gorki Anna-Dorothea , Mesteri Ildiko , Lindroos-Christensen Josefine , Tillmann Katharina , Stoiber Dagmar , Menche Jörg , Schabbauer Gernot , Bilban Martin , Superti-Furga Giulio , Esterbauer Harald , Knapp Sylvia
Published: February 2021

Obesity-induced white adipose tissue (WAT) hypertrophy is associated with elevated adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) content. Overexpression of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) reportedly increases adiposity, worsening health. Paradoxically, using insulin resistance, elevated fat mass, and hypercholesterolemia as hallmarks of unhealthy obesity, a recent report demonstrated that ATM-expressed TREM2 promoted health. Here, we identified that in mice, TREM2 deficiency aggravated diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis independently of fat and cholesterol levels. Metabolomics linked TREM2 deficiency with elevated obesity-instigated serum ceramides that correlated with impaired insulin sensitivity. Remarkably, while inhibiting ceramide synthesis exerted no influences on TREM2-dependent ATM remodeling, inflammation, or lipid load, it restored insulin tolerance, reversing adipose hypertrophy and secondary hepatic steatosis of TREM2-deficient animals. Bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed unremarkable influences of immune cell–expressed TREM2 on health, instead demonstrating that WAT-intrinsic mechanisms impinging on sphingolipid metabolism dominate in the systemic protective effects of TREM2 on metabolic health.
Characteristics of Moslem Families Economy Based on Maqashid Sharia Perspective
Authors: Zakiy Faris Shalahuddin , Ridwan Ahmad Muhtadi , Supriyanto Achmad Sani
Published: February 2021

Modern lifestyle has interfered principles of moslem families. This era tries to define attitude, wealth value, and social position of individuals in society. It might become a doctrine, patent product, challenge or threat. The objective of this research is to elaborate the Islamic characteristics within the economy of moslem families and also implementation of Maqashid Sharia in the economy of moslem families. This research exerts case-study, by determining selected informants from the community of moslem small entrepreneurs in Malang. The findings show that the moslem families consider faith (iman) as basic foundation of economy. They also hold on to character perfection that is based on akhlaqul karimah, lawfulness and wholesomeness, priority scale as expenditure reference, moderation as absolute standardization and responsibility of woman’s wealth proprietary. Internalization of Islamic economy principles in the moslem families economy includes the statement that working as a form of ikhtiar and worship, expenditure as material and spiritual distribution of wealth, savings as urgent post in the future, and wealth as instrument to serve to Allah. Finally, it is important to regard Maqashid Sharia as a standard of Muslim action in economy
Optimizing The Role of Zakat and Wakaf in Promoting National Economic Growth: Analytic Network Process (ANP) Method Approach
Authors: Islamy Robithoh Alam , Hannase Mulawarman
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the criteria and aspects of optimizing the role of zakat and infaq. This research's further objective is to build a model that can be used to determine criteria and priority aspects to become input for related parties to improve the role of zakat and waqf. This study combines descriptive qualitative and quantitative research using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. In building models and calculations, experts are involved in producing results following conditions in the field. This study indicates that zakat and waqf have played a role in encouraging national economic growth. Aspects that become alternatives in optimization are aspects of policy/legality / institutional, technical aspects of operations/databases, human resources/management aspects, aspects of auditing/control, socialization/community literacy, and cooperation aspects. The criteria used in selecting alternatives are effective criteria (collection and distribution) and efficient criteria (cheap, fast, and applicable). The ANP model connects alternatives and criteria and calculates that the order of priority from the highest to the lowest is 1. Policy, Legality, and Institutions (47.28%); 2. Human Resources / Management Aspects (13.94%), 3. Socialization Aspects (12.66%); 4. Cooperation Aspects (12.54%); 5. Operational / Database Technical Aspects (8.27%) and; 6. Audit / Control Aspects (5.29%).
A Saúde do Empreendedor no Brasil: Uma Análise dos Dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN)
Authors: Barbosa Rodrigo , Borges Cândido
Published: February 2021

Objetivo:  Analisar os principais danos relacionados ao trabalho sofridos por empreendedores no Brasil, além do perfil sociodemográfico das vítimas.Método: Foram utilizados os dados disponíveis no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), do Ministério da Saúde. Através desta base, comparou-se os dados dos empreendedores que sofreram algum dano relacionado ao trabalho com os dos outros trabalhadores, e os dados da primeira base do Sinan (2006) com os da última base disponível (2018).Originalidade/Relevância: A saúde do empreendedor pode ter sérios impactos no negócio, por isso, o interesse sobre esta temática tem crescido na literatura internacional. Entretanto, ainda pouco se sabe sobre a saúde do empreendedor no Brasil.Resultados: Constatou-se que os casos de danos relacionados ao trabalho, sofridos por empreendedores no Brasil, aumentaram mais do que os sofridos por outros trabalhadores de 2006 a 2018. Os tipos de dano mais comuns entre empreendedores é o acidente de trabalho grave, seguido por intoxicação exógena. A maior parte dos casos são com homens, com idade média de 40 anos, com um ano ou menos no trabalho e ensino médio completo.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Os dados sobre danos analisados indicam que existem algumas diferenças sociodemográficas entre empreendedores e outros trabalhadores vítimas de danos relacionados ao trabalho e também entre os principais danos sofridos entre essas duas classes.Contribuições sociais / para a gestão: Este trabalho é útil para empreendedores, ao apontar os principais danos que podem afetá-los, interferindo em sua saúde e bem-estar, bem como no desempenho de seu negócio.
STRUKTUR DAN DIKSI TEKS LAPORAN HASIL OBSERVASI KARYA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 24 PADANG
Authors: Novita Yossy Sri , Nursaid Nursaid
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT                 This study aims to (1) describe the structure of the report text of the observations of the work of class VII students of SMP Negeri 24 PAdang. (2) describe the diction of the report text of the observations by the VII grade students of SMP Negeri 24 Padang. The results of this study are (1) in writing the text of the report on the observation of the seventh grade students of Padang Public Middle School 24 using the three text structures of the observation report. The third structure of the report's text structure is the general definition, part description and description of benefits. This is evident from the 30 text reports on the results of the observations that have been analyzed, there are 28 complete observation report texts using general definitions, part descriptions, and description of benefits. (2) when viewed from diction usage with 94% accuracy of diction usage and 6% inaccurate use of diction in observation report text by class VII students of Padang Middle School 24. Kata Kunci: stuktur teks, diksi, dan teks laporan hasil observasi
KORELASI KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA TEKS LAPORAN HASIL OBSERVASI DAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS LAPORAN HASIL OBSERVASI SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 21 PADANG
Authors: Martin Savira Efyana , Emidar Emidar
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study consists of three things. First, to describe the skills to read the report text of the observation results of class VII students at SMP Negeri 21 Padang. Second, to describe the writing skills of report observation texts of class VII students of SMP Negeri 21 Padang. Third, to describe the correlation between the skills to read the text of the observation report and the text writing skills of the observation results of the seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 21 Padang.This type of research is quantitative with descriptive method. The design of this study is correlational. The population of this study was seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 21 Padang who were enrolled in the 2018/2019 school year as many as 219 people and spread in seven classes. The sample of this study amounted to 42 people who were determined using proportional random sampling technique. The research data was obtained through two types of tests, namely objective tests and performance tests. Objective tests are used to collect data on the skills to read the text of the observation report while the performance test is used to collect data on the skills to write the text of the observation report. Kata kunci: Korelasi, Keterampilan Membaca, Teks Laporan Hasil Observasi
TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF DAN STRATEGI BERTUTUR GURU MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 31 PADANG
Authors: Monica Lidya , Afnita Afnita
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT This article was written to describe the directive speech actions and speech strategies of Indonesian language teachers in class VII SMP Negeri 31 Padang. This research is qualitative with descriptive method. The sample of this study was grade VII students of SMP Negeri 31 Padang. The data of this research is the form of directive speech acts, speaking strategies and the context of the speaking of Indonesian language teachers in SMP Negeri 31 Padang in the 2018/2019 school year. The source of the research data is the speech of one Indonesian language teacher who teaches in class VII SMP Negeri 31 Padang. This research was conducted at the first meeting of the odd semester, for two meetings in the ongoing learning process.Based on the results of research and conclusions, it is suggested that the following things are suggested. (1) Directive speech acts and speech strategies of Indonesian subject teachers need to be developed, (2) Teachers are expected to use varied and good speech strategies to get the desired learning outcomes, (3) Teachers are expected to be able to use various examples of directive speech acts and appropriate speech strategies so that the process of speaking strategies that vary and discussion activities in the classroom become fun, and (4) the teacher is expected to be able to attract the attention of students in order to obtain a good learning process. Kata kunci: Tindak Tutur, Tindak Tutur Direktif, Strategi Bertutur
KONTRIBUSI KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS EKSPOSISI SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 13 PADANG
Authors: Ardiansyah Aland , Zulfikarni Zulfikarni
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT This article reveals the contribution of skills reading comprehension to writing skills text exposition grade students VIII SMP Negeri Padang 13. The purpose of this research there are three. First, it describes the skills of reading comprehension  grade VIII SMP Negeri 13Padang. Second, it describes the writing skills text eksposition grade VIII SMP Negeri 13Padang. Third, describing the contribution of the intermediate reading comprehension against writing skills text exposition grade VIII SMP Negeri 13 Padang. This research type is quantitative descriptive method. The  desain used in this research is the design contribution. This research population is grade VIII SMP Negeri Padang are registered on the 13th school year 2019/2020, i.e. as many as 288 students. The sample in this  research are determined by propotional random sampling of 20% of the populations, i.e. 54 students. Research data is a score test results intermediate reading comprehension and score the writing skills test result text exposition. The data obtained through two types of tests i.e. objective tests to measure the skills of reading comprehension text eksposition and performance tests to measure the skills of writing a text eksposition. The results of the research there are three. First, the skills of reading comprehension grade VIII SMP Negeri Padang 13 are on more than enough qualifications (LdC) by the value of the average 75.41. Second, the skills of writing text exposition grade VIII SMP Negeri Padang 13 are on good qualifications (B) with an average of 77.37. Third, there is a contribution of reading skills in the exposition of text to the skills of writing exposition texts of class grade VIII SMP Negeri Padang 13 at 62.77%. Kata kunci: Kontribusi, Keterampilan, Membaca Pemahaman, Menulis,                         Teks Eksposisi.
Characteristics of BRCA-associated breast cancer in the population of the Russian Federation
Authors: Novikova EI , Kudinova EA , Bozhenko VK , Solodkiy VA
Published: February 2021

"Standard" diagnostic panels allow identification of only a few of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations most common in a population. Therefore, tests relying on such panels may return false negative results, since the coding regions of these genes may have other defects. For breast cancer (BC) patients, false negative test results may translate into selection of inadequate therapy by their doctors. This study aimed to identify the features of BRCA-associated breast cancer in the population of the Russian Federation. The study included breast cancer patients (n = 4440). At the first stage, all patients were screened for the eight most common BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes mutations with the help of real-time PCR. Next, patients that exhibited clinical signs of a hereditary disease (CSHD) in the absence of common mutations (n = 290) had the entire coding regions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes studied with next generation sequencing (NGS). "Standard" mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were identified in 169 (3.8%) cases. In the CSHD group, such mutations were revealed in 15.4% of cases. NGS uncovered 33 rare pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations in 40 out of 290 breast cancer patients (13.8%). It was concluded that among the residents of the Russian Federation, the range of pathogenic variants of BRCA-associated breast cancer is wide, and it stretches beyond the mutations considered by the "standard" diagnostic panels. Analysis of the entire coding regions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes allows increasing efficiency of detection of germline mutations in breast cancer patients at least twofold.
Associations between glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene polymorphisms and clinical characteristics of ischemic stroke
Authors: Bocharova YA
Published: February 2021

An imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and their neutralization lies at the core of oxidative stress implicated in ischemic stroke (IS) and the subsequent brain tissue damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of common polymorphic variants of the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene on the extent of brain damage and clinical manifestations in patients with ischemic stroke. A total of 589 ischemic stroke survivors were genotyped for 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the GCLC gene, including rs12524494, rs17883901, rs606548, rs636933, rs648595 and rs761142, using a MassARRAY-4 analyzer. The study found that genotypes rs636933-G/A-A/A (р = 0.009) and rs761142-A/C-C/C (р = 0.015) were associated with an enlargement of the cerebral lesion size. Genotypes rs12524494-G/G (р = 0.05) and rs606548-T/T (р = 0.003) were associated with a risk of 2 or more IS episodes. Genotype rs17883901-G/A was associated with early onset of IS (р = 0.004). The study revealed multiple associations of GCLC SNPs with the clinical manifestations of ischemic stroke. Thus, GCLC polymorphisms are important DNA markers affecting the size of the cerebral lesion in patients with ischemic stroke and are associated with age at onset, the number of past strokes and the clinical manifestations of the disease.
Sistem Klasifikasi Pada Penyakit Breast Cancer Dengan Menggunakan Metode Naïve Bayes
Authors: Mubarog Ilham , Setyanto Arief , Sismoro Heri
Published: February 2021

Kanker payudara adalah suatu penyakit pada wanita yang dengan nilai angka kematian yang tinggi, sekitar tahun 2016 penyakit tersebut menyebabkan angkat kematian yang tinggi yaitu 9,3 juta angka kematian didunia. Jumlah wanita yang terkena penyakit payudara sangat banyak, di Indonesia sendiri sekitar 12.900 orang meninggal setiap tahunnya karena kasus kanker payudara. Angka kematian ini meningkat karena kurangnya informasi tentang gejala awal dan bahaya dari kanker payudara itu sendiri, karena kurangnya informasi tersebut maka dibutuhkan sebuah sistem yang dapat memberikan informasi tentang penyakit kanker payudara dan cara penanggulangan seperti diagnose secara dini dan penanganannya. Sistem berbasis komputer yang dapat menyelesaikan masalah tersebut ada sistem klasifikasi, dimana sistem tersebut dapat memberikan informasi dan melakukan diagnosa seperti yang dilakukan oleh klasifikasi. Salah satu metode yang dapat diterapkan dalam sistem klasifikasi adalah naïve bayes, metode ini sangat baik dalam melakukan klasifikasi berdasarkan kejadian sebelumnya. Hasil pengujian Confusion Matrix diperoleh hasil akurasi terbaik sebesar 80% pada jumlah 116 dataset.Kata Kunci— klasifikasi, kanker payudara, naïve bayes.Breast cancer is a disease in women with a high lifting value of death, around 2016 the disease caused a high lifting of death which is 9.3 million lifted deaths in the world. The number of women affected by breast disease is very large, in Indonesia alone the number of 12,900 people dies each year due to cases of breast cancer. This mortality rate increases due to lack of information about the initial symptoms and dangers of breast cancer itself, because of the lack of information, a system is needed that can provide information about breast cancer and how to deal with it such as early diagnosis and control. A computer-based system that can solve this problem has a classification system, where the system can provide information and conduct diagrams as is done by classification, one method that can be applied in a classification system is naïve bayes, this method is very good at conducting classifications based on previous events. Confusion Matrix test results obtained the best accuracy of 80% in the number of 116 datasets.Keywords— classification, breast cancer, naïve bayes.
VALUASI EKONOMI ALTERNATIF TEKNOLOGI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PERKOTAAN
Authors: Rahman Haikal
Published: February 2021

This study is specifically aims to elaborate  on the  economic valuation  that  consists of: (1) Investment costs and (2) Operating  Costs of the alternative  waste  management technology which can be applied to the final processing of Municipalities Solid Waste. The results of the simulation shows that the Biodrying with the combination of Incenerator or Gasification is the technology that has the least operational costs with an average of 10.907 million Euro per year of its operational costs. On the other hand the Aerobic MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment) without the production of RDF (refuse Derivative Fuel) technology is a technology that requires the highest operational costs with an average of 15,808 million Euro per year. In terms of the initial investment costs both Biological Treatment technology has the lower value compare to the two Thermal Treatment technologies.
ANALISIS INFLASI DI SUMATERA UTARA: SUATU MODEL ERROR CORRECTION (ECM)
Authors: Aprillia Hafsyah
Published: February 2021

The research was conducted to determine the effect of economic variables that can explain the change or variation in the rate of inflation in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) as the dependent variable. The explanatory variables (independent) were used as controls are SBI, the nominal interest rate spread (SBI) and the value of the rupiah against the U.S. dollar. Based on these results, according to the specific purpose of the model equations II, suggested economic actors can use SBI interest rate spread as an indicator of variations in the CPI inflation rate at intervals of 8 and 12 months, with a note that the obtained level of explanation has not shown that the optimal value.
ANALISIS PERMINTAAN BERAS DI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Harahap Hasyrul Aziz
Published: February 2021

Indonesia is often categorized as low food resilient nation, in the sense vulnerable to social unrest and rising global food prices. Where every year the number of requests or local domestic rice continue to increase along with the increasing number of people. This study aims to look at and determine how much influence the price of rice, corn prices and the number of population and GDP of the demand for rice in North Sumatra. Used in measuring and analyzing time series data (time series) and the cross-point (cross section) of the 25 districts / municipalities in the period from 2005 to 2010. Data analysis using fixed effects (fixed effect). The results showed a significant effect between the price of rice, the population and GDP of the demand for rice in North Sumatra. While corn prices do not influence of the demand for rice in North Sumatra. The magnitude of the effect is shown by the coefficient of independent variables, namely: -5.215489 for the variable price of rice, 13.08473 for the population, 4.736669 for the variable GDP.
ANALISIS PERGESERAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Ginting Rahmanta
Published: February 2021

Principally the sectoral shift and development in a region is a sustainable activityto realize a good condition collectively and continuously. The objective of thisresearch is to analyze the change and shift of agricultural sector to the localeconomic condition in Regency of Langkat. The data applied in this research issecondary data collected from any institution/organization related to the studiedproblem since 2007 up to 2012. The applied data analysis method is Shift Share Analysis. This method is applied to observe the economic structure and its shift by focus to sectoral development in region than the same one in the higher regional level or in national level. The results of research indicates that (a) agricultural sector is a sector with the bigger role in the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Langkat regency, (b) the national share value for agricultural sector and industry with a rapid growth than the other sectors, (c) the value of differential shift, agricultural sector, industry, electricity and gas, building, transportation and financial is a sector with higher competitive or sector with the rapid shift growth than other sector, and (d) the results of shift share analysis indicates that there is development of GRDP for 93.50 percent.
APAKAH FLYPAPER EFFECT TERJADI DI ACEH? STUDI MENGUKUR KEMANDIRIAN KEUANGAN DAERAH
Authors: Basri Muhammad Hasan
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study is to analyse the phenomenon of flypaper effect in Aceh after the implementation of fiscal decentralization. Data used in the study were panel data covering all 23 district/municipalities in Aceh from 2011 to 2013. Pooled Least Square was utilized. The results of this study revealed that ownsource revenue, sharing revenue, special allocation funds, general allocation funds, and special autonomy funds are statistically significant variables and have a positive relation to regional spending. It was proven that flypaper effect has occured in Aceh as the coefficient of the own-source revenue variabel was smaller than that of sharing revenue variabel. This implied that Aceh has been dependent on the national government in term of regional financing. Based on descriptive analysis, provinces having dominant share of tertiary sector to their regional gross domestic products show fiscally independent. In order to achieve fiscal independence, the phenomenon of flypaper effect could be overcomed by shifting the economic structure from the primary and secondary to the tertiary sectors of the economy. In doing so, the contribution of own-source revenue to regional spending outweigh intergovernment transfer funds from national government.
ANALISIS DAYA SAING PERIKANAN CAKALANG (KATSUWONUS PELAMIS) PADA ALAT TANGKAP PURSE SEINE
Authors: Fajriah Mrs
Published: February 2021

Skipjack fishery business is one of businesses in catch fisheries sector whichis potential to be developed since it has the ability to increase fishermen’sincome and macro economy. This research was aimed to analyze: a) Competitiveness of skipjack fisheries bussines the Purse Seine Fishermen Capture Device Kendari at WPP 714 on comparative and competitive advantages, b) the impact of policy on the competitiveness of skipjack fishery business in Kendari. The research was carried out for seven months from December 2013 to July 2014 in Kendari, the center of catch fisheries in Southeast Sulawesi. The sampling is done by simple random sampling. The data was analyzed by using Policy Matrix Analysis (PAM) model. The result showed that; Skipjack fishery business using in Kendari has a good competitiveness in both domestic and international market. This result implied that the skipjack fishery business in Kendari is economically and financially feasible, and will become more competitive if supported by government’s policy on input and output prices of the skipjack fishery business.
ANALISIS PRODUKSI DAN EFISIENSI BERAS
Authors: Ruslan Dede
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study to find out if the factors of production could give contribution tu the production or income and the cost of rice production, theeconomy efficiensy of rice production. It is hoped thet the result of this study could give information to farmers and local government in Deli Serdang about the contributions of the factors of production to the production or income and the cost of rice farm opration production. From the study, it is shown that the characteristic of model of production, the using of the factors of production and teh cost of production opportunity is increasing returns to scale or decreasing cost industries. The economy scale of rice production describes that the estimate cost of corn farm production. The analysis of economy efficiensy from the rice production was taken form condition that the produtions marginal cost is lowerthan the corn scale. From the contributions of field, seed, fertilizer and labortoward the rice production, it can be explained that rice production can be raisedby increasing the field, seed, fertilizer, and labor usings.
ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN DAN ELASTISITAS TRANSMISI HARGA ABALON (HALIOTIS ASININA) DI KABUPATEN BUTON
Authors: Endryawan Mr
Published: February 2021

This study aims to analyze the prize development and the price transmission elasticity of abalone in Buton Regency. This study was conducted in June – July 2015 with a survey method. Analysis of price developments and elasticity of price transmission is done by a simple linear regression model. The results showed that each added one period, abalone prices decreased by Rp. 9501 each kilogram. Pricetransmission elasticity show in the level consumers prices has been not fully transmitted to the level of fisherman with vale ofelasticityis 0,11 indicated that when the selling pricein the level consumers increased by 1% then the selling pricein the levelfisherman will increase of 0,11%, or moere easly can be defined that if the selling pricein the level consumers increase, the selling pricein the levelfisherman will also be increase.
ANALISIS KOMPARASI PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KAKAO DAN USAHATANI LADA DI DESA LAMONG JAYA KECAMATAN LAEYA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Aisah Siti
Published: February 2021

This research aims  to determine the income and differences of income of cocoa and pepper farming. This research was conducted from June until October 2015. The samples were selected through a non-probability sampling. The samples are taken purposively with the criteria of the respondents who had planted cocoa and pepper plant since 5 until 10  years ago, and both of these commodities are in the productive age, so this research used 35 respondents of cocoa farmer and 29 respondents of pepper farmer. The Data were collected through interviews by questionnaire. This research used income analysis and t-test analysis or Independent sample t-test. The result of this research shows that average income cocoa farmers is Rp 7,637,358 per year, and the average income of pepper farmers is Rp 11,724,301 per year. Where as the average per hectare income of cocoa farming is Rp 6,048,775/ha/year and the average per hectare income of pepper farmin is Rp 17,108,435/ha/year. The average income of respondents who are farming cocoa is different with average income of respondents who are farming pepper as significantly. Beside of that, the average per hectare income of cocoa farming is different with average income of pepper farming significantly
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI RETURN SAHAM KONSTRUKSI BUMN DENGAN REGRESI PANEL DINAMIS
Authors: Ardianti Lisa Dwi
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the factors that affect stock returns in the Indonesian state-owned construction period January 2013 to December 2015. The variables used were trading volume, market capitalization, inflation, exchange rate and government policy. The data in this research is secondary data obtained from the publication of the Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Commerce and the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses a dynamic panel regression by the method of Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results showed that lagged stock returns, trading volume at this time and the exchange rate at the moment significant negative effect on stock returns. While the market capitalization in the current and prior periods and inflation at the moment and the two previous period significant positive effect on stock returns. Besides the government's policy affect to state-owned construction stock returns where policies are made in the era of President Joko Widodo more influence smaller than the policy made during the leadership of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
An Analysis on Investment, Government Expenditures, and Gross Domestic Revenue on Employment in North Sumatera
Authors: Munthe Syafaruddin
Published: February 2021

Employment is basically a problem which is faced by all regions, but its intensity may vary, based the factors which influence it. Employment exists because of investment and attempts to extend employment because of other factors such as inflation, interest rate, exchange rate, government expenditures, and PDRB (Gross Domestic Revenue). The objective of the research was to analyze the influence of exogenous variables on endogenous variables such as employment, inflation, interest rate, exchange rate, investment, government expenditures, and PDRB. The research used quantitative analysis by using coherent secondary data from 1985 until 2015 obtained from BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics) ofNorth Sumatera and Bank Indonesia. The data were analyzed by using path analysis model. The result of the research showed that exogenous variables simultaneously had significant influence on endogenous variables in each equation model. The variables of investment, government expenditures, gross domestic revenue, inflation, and interest rate did not have any significant influence on the variable of employment. Meanwhile, the variable of exchange rate had positive and significant influence on the variable of employment. Therefore, it is recommended that the variable of exchange rate became theattention of the North Sumatera Provincial Administration.
THE COST OF NOT BREASTFEEDING IN NORTH SUMATERA
Authors: Sihaloho Estro Dariatno
Published: February 2021

Breastfeeding provide many good impacts on health and economics side. This study tries to estimate the economic impact of not breastfeeding due to diarrhea and PRD cases in North Sumatera. The economic impact elaborated by finds health system medical cost and the patient/non- medical cost. This paper calculates health system medical cost from public hospital, private hospital, and primary health center while the patient cost calculated from 135 patients in 3 kinds of health facilities. This paper combines primary data with Census Data 2010 and IDHS 2012 to get total cost of not breastfeeding in North Sumatera. The  costing process shows there are economic loss about US$1,290,582 with average cost about US$ 13.48 in North Sumatera. The total cost consist of health system perspective cost about US$ 799,050 and patient costs about 491,532. This show that most of the cost comes from the health system cost/medical cost about 61.91% and the 38.09% borne from the patient costs and non-medical cost