bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can we predict the burden of acute malnutrition in crisis-affected countries? Findings from Somalia and South Sudan
Authors: Checchi Francesco , Frison Séverine , Warsame Abdihamid , Abebe Kiross Tefera , Achen Jasinta , Ategbo Eric Alain , Ayoya Mohamed Ag , Kassim Ismail , Ndiaye Biram , Nyawo Mara
Published: August 2022

Background

Sample surveys are the mainstay of surveillance for acute malnutrition in settings affected by crises but are burdensome and have limited geographical coverage due to insecurity and other access issues. As a possible complement to surveys, we explored a statistical approach to predict the prevalent burden of acute malnutrition for small population strata in two crisis-affected countries, Somalia (2014–2018) and South Sudan (2015–2018).

Methods

For each country, we sourced datasets generated by humanitarian actors or other entities on insecurity, displacement, food insecurity, access to services, epidemic occurrence and other factors on the causal pathway to malnutrition. We merged these with datasets of sample household anthropometric surveys done at administrative level 3 (district, county) as part of nutritional surveillance, and, for each of several outcomes including binary and continuous indices based on either weight-for-height or middle-upper-arm circumference, fitted and evaluated the predictive performance of generalised linear models and, as an alternative, machine learning random forests.

Results

We developed models based on 85 ground surveys in Somalia and 175 in South Sudan. Livelihood type, armed conflict intensity, measles incidence, vegetation index and water price were important predictors in Somalia, and livelihood, measles incidence, rainfall and terms of trade (purchasing power) in South Sudan. However, both generalised linear models and random forests had low performance for both binary and continuous anthropometric outcomes.

Conclusions

Predictive models had disappointing performance and are not usable for action. The range of data used and their quality probably limited our analysis. The predictive approach remains theoretically attractive and deserves further evaluation with larger datasets across multiple settings.
Activities and impacts of patient engagement in CIHR SPOR funded research: a cross-sectional survey of academic researcher and patient partner experiences
Authors: Chudyk Anna Maria , Stoddard Roger , McCleary Nicola , Duhamel Todd A. , Shimmin Carolyn , Hickes Serena , Schultz Annette S. H.
Published: August 2022

Background

Knowledge about the specific engagement activities pursued and associated impacts of patient engagement in research in Canada remains nascent. This study aimed to describe engagement activities and perceived impacts of projects funded by the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR).

Methods

This was a cross-sectional online survey of academic researchers and patient partners engaging in projects funded through 13 SPOR funding calls (2014–2019). Patient engagement activities and impacts were measured using a self-developed survey. Thematic analysis was used to describe engagement activities and impacts.

Results

66 of 511 academic researchers and 20 of 28 patient partners contacted completed the survey and were included in analyses. Respondents reported that patient partners were engaged in seven types of activities across the research cycle: (a) sharing experiences/giving advice, (b) identifying the research focus/methods, (c) developing/revising aspects of the project, (d) conducting research activities, (e) study participation, (f) presenting on behalf of the project, and (g) other grant development or knowledge translation activities. Engagement was associated with six different types of impacts related to knowledge, outputs, or directions being (a) created, (b) moulded, (c) confirmed, or (d) chosen/prioritized, (e) perceived success of the research, and (f) minimal/negative impacts on the research.

Conclusions

This study presents information on different ways that patient partners were engaged in SPOR-funded research and the potential impacts of these activities. This knowledge base is imperative to the future of patient engagement in research, including the planning and evaluation of future studies that engage patients as active shapers of research.
VR-based health and safety training in various high-risk engineering industries: a literature review
Authors: Toyoda Ryo , Russo-Abegão Fernando , Glassey Jarka
Published: August 2022

This article provides a critical review of the current studies in VR-based health and safety training, assessment techniques, training evaluation, and its potential to improve the training evaluation outcomes in various high-risk engineering industries. The results of this analysis indicate the breadth of VR-based applications in training users on a combination of topics including risk assessment, machinery, and/or process operation in various industries. Data showed that the use of fully immersive VR increased significantly due to the improvements in hardware, display resolution, and affordability. Most of the articles used external assessment to measure the changes in the satisfaction and the declarative knowledge of trainees as these are easier to implement, while some articles started to implement internal assessment that provides an automated assessment capable of measuring complex skills. The results of the study also suggest that it has the potential to improve the training evaluation outcomes compared to traditional training methods. The findings from this study help practitioners and safety managers by providing a training design framework that may be adopted to optimise the condition of a VR-based training.
The bZIP transcription factor UvbZIP6 mediates fungal growth, stress response, and false smut formation in Ustilaginoidea virens
Authors: Qu Jinsong , Wang Yufu , Cai Minzheng , Liu Yueran , Gu Lifan , Zhou Peng , Du Yulin , Xu Chenghui , Wang Rui , Yin Weixiao , Luo Chaoxi
Published: August 2022

Rice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is one of the most destructive diseases in major world rice-producing regions. Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins, which belong to an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor family and play critical roles in various biological processes in eukaryotes, have been previously identified in U. virens; however, their functions still need to be further elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the biological roles of UvbZIP6, a member of the bZIP family in U. virens. In this study, we found that UvbZIP6 was highly up-regulated at 7 days post-inoculation. Deletion of UvbZIP6 in U. virens resulted in an increase in fungal growth and sensitivity to Congo red and calcofluor white, whereas a decrease in sensitivity to hyperosmotic, oxidative, and sodium dodecyl sulfate stresses. Conidiation capacity was reduced in UvbZIP6-knockout mutants, but conidial morphology and germination were not affected. Although UvbZIP6-knockout mutants caused infection in rice plants, they could not form false smut balls. Our study indicates that UvbZIP6 is required for fungal growth, conidiation, stress response, and false smut ball formation of U. virens.
Primary thyroid chondrosarcoma: a case report of an extremely rare malignancy
Authors: Awny Shadi , Zuhdy Mohammad , Hamdy Omar , Saleh Gehad Ahmad , Hassan Ahmed , Abdelkhalek Mohamed , Mosaad Amir , Hafez Mohamed T. , Roshdy Sameh , Setit Ahmed , Megahed Nirmeen
Published: August 2022

Introduction

There are different types of malignant tumors that can affect the thyroid gland where differentiated thyroid carcinomas (papillary and follicular) are the most common representing nearly 90% of cases. Non-epithelial malignancies were also reported to affect the thyroid gland particularly lymphomas and sarcomas that were reported in literature to range from 0.01 to 1.5% of thyroid carcinoma. Herein, we present a case with primary thyroid chondrosarcoma, an extremely rare malignancy of the thyroid gland.

Case presentation

We present a 79-year-old female patient complaining of hard thyroid swelling that was proved to be primary thyroid chondrosarcoma after histopathological assessment.

Conclusion

Chondrosarcoma of the thyroid gland is extremely rare either in the primary or metastatic setting. Although the prognosis is bad, surgery is the main line of treatment after early prompt diagnosis.
Radiological anatomy of foramen rotundum and its surgical implications
Authors: Edouard Amani , Ibrahim Ahmad Aly , Shama Sherif Abdelmoneim , Abdelnabi Mostapha Mohamed , Birindwa Patrick Balungwe , Elwany Samy
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The use of endoscopic sinus surgery in the field of otorhinolaryngology is due to many reasons such as better visualization, the complex anatomy of the skull base and the relations between vital vascular and nervous elements, the crucial preoperative knowledge about the detailed anatomy of the area, and the computed tomography that is a useful tool for them to plan the safest route of surgery. The foramen rotundum (FR) is the inherent bony structure in the skull base located in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone on the floor of the middle cranial fossa, located adjacent to the nasopharynx, and often invaded by nasopharyngeal cancer and other malignant brain tumors. The This study aims to give a detailed description of anatomical variations of FR, as well as its relationships with the surrounding vital structures, to instruct a preoperative planning for endoscopic surgery.

Methods

The distances between the foramen rotundum and fixed anatomical landmarks like the nasal floor and pterygoid process were measured in 200 foramen rotunda of 100 patients older than 18 years old and without known skull base pathology. The patients included in this study were demonstrated and evaluated separately using a multislice computed tomography (CT) technique with DICOM viewing software (Osirix or Horos).

Results

The average horizontal distance between the FR and vidian canal (VC) on each side, vertical distance between FR and VC on each side, direct distance between the FR and VC on each side, FR diameter, rotundum angles, FRs and nasal floor angles, and FR and optic nerve distances calculated has no significant difference. The P values were 0.471, 0.521, 0.072, 0.283, 0.952, 0.661, and 0.663, respectively. The gender comparison in the present study showed no significant distances on both the right and left sides. The P values 0.765, 0.879, 0.621, 0.297, 0.992, and 0.227 were direct, horizontal, and direct distances, respectively.

Conclusions

This study provides more light on the anatomy of the foramen rotundum with the other anatomical/surgical key structures used in endonasal surgeries such as the lateral pterygoid plate and vidian canal.
Describing and Modeling the Burden of Hospitalization of Patients With Neoplasms in Ghana Using Routine Health Data for 2012-2017
Authors: Narh Clement T. , Der Joyce B. , Ofosu Anthony , Blettner Maria , Wollschlaeger Daniel
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE

The increasing cancer burden calls for reliable data on current and future associated hospitalizations to enable health care resource planning, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We provide nationwide estimates of the current and future burden of hospitalization because of neoplasms in Ghana.

METHODS

We conducted secondary data (2012-2017) analysis using nationwide routine administrative inpatient health data from the Ghana Health Service. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to model spatial and temporal hospitalization trends stratified by sex and 5-year age group. In conjunction with official population projections, the model was used to predict future hospitalization up to 2032.

RESULTS

Out of 2,915,936 hospitalization records extracted for 6 years, 26,627 (1.0%) were for neoplasms, most of them benign (D10-D36, 15,362; 57.7%) and in female patients (20,159; 76%). In total, 9,463 (35.5%) patients with malignancies were mostly female (5,307; 56.1%), had a median age 50 years (interquartile range, 34-66 years) and a median duration of stay of 4 days (interquartile range, 2-8 days). Poisson regression for the malignant cancers revealed an annual increase in hospitalizations with a relative rate of 1.23 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.27). The estimated hospitalization rate for malignancies of female patients was 1.5 times higher than that of male patients (relative rate, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.34), adjusted for age. We predicted an increase of 67.5% malignant cancer hospitalizations from the empirical years (2012-2017) into the prediction years (2022-2032) in Ghana.

CONCLUSION

In the absence of a national population-based cancer registry, this nationwide study used secondary health services data on hospitalizations as a proxy for neoplasm morbidity burden. Our results can support planning public health resources and building evidence-based advocacy campaigns for neoplasm-prevention efforts.
Integrated Multidisciplinary Brain Metastasis Care Reduces Patient Visits and Shortens Time to Adjuvant Irradiation
Authors: Moss Nelson S. , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Brown Samantha , Chen Justin , Imber Brandon S. , Pike Luke , Reiner Anne S. , Panageas Katherine S. , Brennan Cameron , Tabar Viviane , Beal Kathryn
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE:

Timely surgical cavity stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an important adjuvant to brain metastasis resection, with earlier treatment associated with less frequent recurrence. The logistical complexity of treatment organization, however, has resulted in suboptimal start times postsurgically. We implemented a process improvement approach to reduce the time from surgery to adjuvant irradiation of resected brain metastases.

METHODS:

A multidisciplinary working group used process mapping to identify opportunities to reduce visits and shorten treatment times. The care delivery process was modified to streamline perioperative SRS preparation with (1) early patient identification, (2) preoperative intrateam communication, and (3) consolidation of required steps. Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were used for process improvement. The surgery-to-SRS initiation time interval was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the number of associated patient encounters.

RESULTS:

After implementation, the median (interquartile range) interval from surgery to SRS was reduced 48% from 27 (21-34) to 14 days (13-17; P < .001). The rate of surgical cavity SRS within 30 days increased from 64% (n = 63 of 98) to 97% (n = 60 of 62; P < .001). The median (interquartile range) number of CNS-associated encounters between resection and SRS decreased from 5 (4-6) to 4 (3-5; P < .001). The proportion of patients who had > 1 magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography between surgery and SRS decreased from 45% (44 of 98) to 13% (8 of 62; P < .001). The time from surgery to systemic therapy resumption/initiation among patients treated within 90 days postoperatively decreased from 35 (24-48) to 32 days (23-40; P = .074). There were no wound complications in either group.

CONCLUSION:

Adjuvant SRS latency and treatment-associated encounters were significantly reduced after care-coordination implementation. This approach reduces patient and health care system burden and can be applied to other scenarios where early postoperative SRS administration is critical.
Genetically diverse mouse platform to xenograft cancer cells
Authors: Sargent Jennifer K. , Warner Mark A. , Low Benjamin E. , Schott William H. , Hoffert Todd , Coleman David , Woo Xing Yi , Sheridan Todd , Erattupuzha Sonia , Henrich Philipp P. , Philip Vivek M. , Chuang Jeffrey H. , Wiles Michael V. , Hasham Muneer G.
Published: August 2022

The lack of genetically diverse preclinical animal models in basic biology and efficacy testing has been cited as a potential cause of failure in clinical trials. We developed and characterized five diverse RAG1 null mouse strains as models that allow xenografts to grow. In these strains, we characterized the growth of breast cancer, leukemia and glioma cell lines. We found a wide range of growth characteristics that were far more dependent on strain than tumor type. For the breast cancer cell line, we characterized the spectrum of xenograft/tumor growth at structural, histological, cellular and molecular levels across each strain, and found that each strain captures unique structural components of the stroma. Furthermore, we showed that the increase in tumor-infiltrating myeloid CD45+ cells and the amount of circulating cytokine IL-6 and chemokine KC (also known as CXCL1) is associated with a higher tumor size in different strains. This resource is available to study established human xenografts, as well as difficult-to-xenograft tumors and growth of hematopoietic stems cells, and to decipher the role of myeloid cells in the development of spontaneous cancers.
Novel UV-curable Bio-based Polymers Derived from Non-edible Phenolic Biomass
Authors: Kato Kan , Sudprasert Pirada , Saito Hiromu , Shimomura Takeshi , Ogino Kenji , Kanehashi Shinji
Published: August 2022

Novel UV-curable bio-based polymers were prepared from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a natural phenol compound, at room temperature via thiol-ene reaction. The physical, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties of UV-cured polymers and the structure-property relationship of these materials were investigated. The resultant UV-cured polymers showed flexibility, transparency with high gloss, thermal resistance, and long-term stability as compared with other CNSL-based polymers. This is because the one step UV-click thiol-ene reaction from transparent CNSL-derived monomer proceeded effectively between S-H and C=C of allyl and alkyl sidechains, leading to a much more highly flexible crosslinked structure. This UV-curable bio-based polymer can be very advantageous in application of flexible coating and film.
Structural health monitoring through computational and experimental methods as a generic approach to the damage detection problem
Authors: Σεβεντεκίδης Παναγιώτης
Published: August 2022

Η ανίχνευση βλαβών ή ανωμαλιών σε κατασκευές μέσω παρακολούθησης της απόκρισής τους είναι ένας αναπτυσσόμενος κλάδος της μηχανικής γνωστός ως Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) ή αλλιώς Παρακολούθηση της Δομικής Ακεραιότητας. Η πλειονότητα των εφαρμογών SHM αφορά τη μέτρηση της απόκρισης μέσω ταλαντωτικών σημάτων και την επεξεργασία των δεδομένων για την ανίχνευση δομικών σφαλμάτων. Τα σημεία ενδιαφέροντος εντοπίζονται, πρώτον στη μέθοδο επεξεργασίας σημάτων και στο σύστημα αποφάσεων και δεύτερον στη διαθεσιμότητα των απαραίτητων δεδομένων. Στην προτεινόμενη διατριβή τα προβλήματα αυτά αντιμετωπίζονται με μια καινοτόμα μεθοδολογία που συνδυάζει ανίχνευση βλαβών μέσω μηχανικής μάθησης (Machine Learning-ML) και μοντέλα πεπερασμένων στοιχείων (Finite Element-FE) για την παραγωγή δεδομένων. Στο κομμάτι του ML χρησιμοποιούνται τεχνητά νευρωνικά δίκτυα (Artificial Neural Networks-ANN) σε μορφή βαθιάς μάθησης (Deep Learning-DL). Τα μοντέλα DL μπορούν να επεξεργαστούν και να κατηγοριοποιήσουν σήματα με μικρή ή και καθόλου προ επεξεργασία, κάτι το οποίο τα καθιστά ιδανικά για εφαρμογές SHM. Τα μοντέλα FE επίσης, μπορούν να παράγουν πλήθος ταλαντωτικών δεδομένων χωρίς περιορισμούς και να δημιουργήσουν επαρκή δεδομένα για την εκπαίδευση των DL. Αυτό μπορεί να αποδειχθεί ιδιαίτερα χρήσιμο για περιπτώσεις όπου η πειραματική μέτρηση αποκρίσεων με βλάβες είναι αδύνατη, αλλά μπορεί να προσομοιωθεί με αριθμητικά μοντέλα που έχουν βελτιστοποιηθεί στην υγιή κατάσταση. Η προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία της παραγωγής αριθμητικών δεδομένων με FE, εκπαίδευση μοντέλων DL στις προσομοιωμένες αποκρίσεις και τελική επιβεβαίωση με αναγνώριση αντίστοιχων πειραματικών βλαβών, εξετάζεται σε τρεις κατασκευές διαφορετικής πολυπλοκότητας. Στόχος είναι η μελέτη του φαινομένου γενίκευσης πληροφορίας και μοτίβων από την προσομοιωμένη ταλαντωτική απόκριση στην πραγματική κατασκευή. Για τις εξεταζόμενες κατασκευές και την προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία SHM, μελετάται, η επίδραση της αρχιτεκτονικής των μοντέλων DL, τα ζητούμενα του προβλήματος ανίχνευσης βλαβών και το σφάλμα των μοντέλων FE στην τελική γενίκευση στην πραγματική κατασκευή.
Ο ρόλος των ενδιαφερομένων τρίτων κατά την εφαρμογή των κανόνων του ενωσιακού ανταγωνισμού
Authors: Καλαϊτζής Δημήτριος
Published: August 2022

Η νομική θέση των τρίτων στις διαδικασίες ανταγωνισμού κατά το δίκαιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και ειδικότερα κατά τις διαδικασίες δημόσιας και ιδιωτικής επιβολής των κανόνων του ανταγωνισμού. Δικαιώματα που αναγνωρίζονται στους τρίτους. Τυπολογικός προσδιορισμός της έννοιας του όρου ενδιαφερόμενος τρίτος βάσει της νομολογίας του Δικαστηρίου.
Paul Genoni and Tanya Dalziell, Half the Perfect World: Writers, Dreamers and Drifters on Hydra, 1955–1964
Authors: Braat Eleni
Published: August 2022

Review of Paul Genoni and Tanya Dalziell, Half the Perfect World: Writers, Dreamers and Drifters on Hydra, 1955–1964. Clayton: Monash University Publishing, 2019. 432 pp.
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Vasileios Petrogiannis, European Mobility and Spatial Belongings: Greek and Latvian Migrants in Sweden
Authors: Petri Rolf
Published: August 2022

Review of Vasileios Petrogiannis, European Mobility and Spatial Belongings: Greek and Latvian Migrants in Sweden. Stockholm: Elanders, 2020. 334 pp. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41915
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Nikos Christofis, ed., Erdoğan’s “New” Turkey: Attempted Coup D’état and the Acceleration of Political Crisis
Authors: Derisiotis Anthony
Published: August 2022

Review of Nikos Christofis, ed., Erdoğan’s “New” Turkey: Attempted Coup D’état and the Acceleration of Political Crisis. London: Routledge, 2020. xvi + 219 pp.
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Nadège Ragaru, “Et les Juifs bulgares furent sauvés…” Une histoire des savoirs sur la Shoah en Bulgarie
Authors: Benveniste Henriette-Rika
Published: August 2022

Review of Nadège Ragaru, “Et les Juifs bulgares furent sauvés…” Une histoire des savoirs sur la Shoah en Bulgarie. Paris: Sciences Po Les Presses, 2020. 382 pp.
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How to Work According to the Updated Standard in the First Grade: the Subject "The World Around Us"
Authors: Vinogradova Natalya
Published: August 2022

The article reveals the main directions of the teacher's activity in the implementation of the updated version of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education (FSES PGE) by means of the subject "The World Around Us". The priority of this subject in achieving personal learning outcomes for first-graders is discussed: awareness of one's belonging to the country, state, culture of Russian society, mastering the rules of behavior, etc. Methods for the formation of concepts in children that reveal the most important aspects of social life are described: "family", "small homeland" "Russians", "citizen". Attention is paid to the teaching methods of the course topics that are aimed at mastering the rules of a healthy lifestyle, which is especially important for first-graders at the stage of transition from preschool childhood to schooling. The article describes the methodology for studying new topics that supplement the content of the course "The World Around Us".
Appeal to the Lessons of the Past is Necessary and Topical
Authors: Fedorova N.
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the problem of historical education of the younger generation, including those studying in elementary school. The view of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin on the importance of studying history, starting from the first days of school education, as a prerequisite for patriotic and civic education is analyzed. The place of historical knowledge in the updated Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education and the contribution of school subjects to the formation of historical memory, historical thinking and education of moral feelings of younger schoolchildren are assessed.
Organization of Pedagogical Assistance and Support for Younger Schoolchildren with Different Rates of Mental Development
Authors: Novikova Galina
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the problems of organizing individually differentiated work with younger students who experience difficulties in learning within the framework of inclusive education. The main indicators of children with the risks of mental retardation, which prevent their successful co-education with ordinary peers in the general class of a mass primary school, are characterized. The necessary conditions for the organization of pedagogical assistance and the features of an individually differentiated approach to children with different rates of mental development are considered in detail.
Methodology for Teaching Semantic Reading in Elementary School
Authors: Mamysheva I.
Published: August 2022

The article describes the experience of applying the method of forming semantic reading in the lessons of literacy and mathematics in elementary school. On the example of a fragment of a literacy lesson in the first grade, the phased use of the “commented reading” technique as an essential part of developing semantic reading skills is considered. The necessity of preliminary preparation of the teacher for the use of such technology is emphasized. It is shown how it is possible to use various means of visualization, in particular, the possibilities of an interactive whiteboard, color marking of texts, for the successful development of the ability of younger students to highlight the main idea of the text for the most complete understanding of it, as well as to find, analyze, interpret the factual information presented in text mathematical tasks.
Formation of the Prerequisites for Financial Literacy Among Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Perevoznikova N.
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the formation of the prerequisites for financial literacy among children of primary school age as an urgent problem of modern primary education. On the example of the general developmental program for improving financial literacy "Orel i Reshka", used in the course of extracurricular activities, as well as within the profile shift of a summer health camp, the features of the formation of initial skills and abilities of competent financial behavior in children are revealed.
U genezy Estado Novo. Przemiany polityczne i ustrojowe Portugalii w pierwszej połowie XX wieku
Authors: Skórzyński Jan
Published: August 2022

W ciągu 23 lat XX w. w Portugalii trzy razy zmieniał się system polityczny. Monarchia obalona przez rewolucję 1910 r. ustąpiła miejsca republice, a ta z kolei uległa w 1926 r. wojskowemu zamachowi stanu, który wprowadził dyktaturę. Kształt ustrojowy nowego reżimu określiła konstytucja z 1933 r., ustanawiając Estado Novo według projektu Antónia Salazara. U genezy autorytarnego Nowego Państwa leżała pamięć o politycznym chaosie i niepokojach społecznych I Republiki. Rządzący nią przez większość czasu radykalny odłam republikanów nie zbudował stabilnego systemu demokratycznego, nie zapewnił krajowi bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego ani rozwoju ekonomicznego.
Działalność Jana Karszo-Siedlewskiego na rzecz Kościoła katolickiego w latach 1935–1937 – na podstawie materiałów z inwigilacji jego osoby przez sowiecki kontrwywiad
Authors: Kuśnierz Robert
Published: August 2022

Na podstawie po raz pierwszy ujawnionych materiałów z inwigilacji przez sowiecki kontrwywiad wojskowy Jana Karszo-Siedlewskiego przedstawiona została działalność polskiego dyplomaty na rzecz Kościoła katolickiego w Kijowie w latach 1935–1937.
Przed gwarancjami. Próby oddziaływania politycznego Wielkiej Brytanii na Polskę. Od kryzysu sudeckiego do marca 1939 r.
Authors: Rodzik Marek
Published: August 2022

Celem tekstu jest analiza stosunków polsko-brytyjskich od kryzysu sudeckiego po 31 III 1939 r., z naciskiem na zainteresowanie gospodarcze Londynu Polską o charakterze politycznym w kontekście starań tego rodzaju względem Europy Środkowej i Południowo-Wschodniej ze świadomością, że było ono wtórne względem realizowanego wówczas appeasementu. Tekst koncentruje się wokół pytania, na ile pośrednich źródeł gwarancji brytyjskich dla Polski można próbować upatrywać w tym okresie.
Zagłada Żydów w Polsce w dokumentach Departamentu Stanu USA w latach 1940–1943
Authors: Różański Przemysław
Published: August 2022

Autor analizując archiwalne dokumenty Departamentu Stanu USA, rekonstruuje los ludności żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich okupowanych przez nazistowskie Niemcy. Przytoczone źródła, skonfrontowane z literaturą przedmiotu, umożliwiły odtworzenie niemieckiej polityki wobec Żydów, w tym przebieg Zagłady w najważniejszych, przełomowych momentach tego wydarzenia. Analiza dokumentów ukazuje zakres wiedzy amerykańskiego rządu w zakresie prześladowań ludności żydowskiej w Polsce pod okupacją niemiecką.
Działalność aparatu cenzury z perspektywy lokalnej jako przyczynek do badań nad stalinizmem w Polsce
Authors: Kamińska-Chełminiak Kamila
Published: August 2022

Artykuł przybliża zakres i mechanizm działania aparatu cenzury szczebla lokalnego (na poziomie województwa, powiatu i gminy), w szczególności zaś referentów społeczno-politycznych pełniących funkcje cenzorskie na prowincji. Analizując ich działalność, można dostrzec wiele interesujących postaw niecharakterystycznych dla totalitarnej władzy, takich jak sabotowanie dyrektyw i instrukcji przysyłanych z centrum, długotrwałe ignorowanie poleceń zwierzchników, niestawianie się w pracy, nieprzestrzeganie tajemnicy państwowej, niewywiązywanie się z poleceń Urzędu Głównego.
Douglas MacArthur w historiografii USA
Authors: Polit Jakub
Published: August 2022

Generał Douglas MacArthur, jedna z najbardziej kontrowersyjnych postaci w historii USA w XX w., do końca służby wojskowej (1951) był przeważnie wysławiany jako dowódca i orędownik demokracji. Następnie pojawiły się wątpliwości, a w dobie dominacji tzw. Nowej Lewicy odmówiono mu wszelkich osiągnięć na polu tak wojskowym, jak i militarnym. Ujawnienie nowych dokumentów u schyłku XX w. przyniosło stopniową i przynajmniej częściową rehabilitację.
„Jeden z najtwardszych orzechów do zgryzienia”
Authors: Kosiński Krzysztof
Published: August 2022

W artykule omówiono dziennik ambasadora sowieckiego w Wielkiej Brytanii Iwana Majskiego z lat 1934–1943. Pokazano kontrowersje związane z jego edycją rosyjską i angielską. Poddano analizie zapiski dotyczące Polski, jak np. kulisy układu Sikorski-Majski z 30 VII 1941 r., sprawa zbrodni katyńskiej, zerwanie stosunków dyplomatycznych w 1943 r. Dziennik Majskiego ma znaczną wartość poznawczą, stanowi ważne źródło dla historyka dziejów najnowszych.
Investigation of heavy metal contamination and ecological and health risks in farmland soils from southeastern phosphate plateaus of Khouribga (Morocco)
Authors: Barakat Ahmed , Khellouk Rida , Ennaji Widad , Mosaid Hassan
Published: August 2022

The present study was conducted in the SE area of phosphate plateaus (Khouribga) located in central Morocco. It attempted to assess the heavy metal (HM) (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) contamination in the farmland soils and their potential ecological hazard and non-non-carcinogenic risks using various pollution indices, magnetic susceptibility (MS), and Geographical Information System (GIS) methods. A total of 41 soil samples were collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), grain-size, organic matter (OM), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and MS and HM elements. The results showed a mean dominance order of Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Cd where mean concentrations of HMs, except Pb, exceeded their local background and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) permissible guidelines. The values of geo-accumulation index (Igeo), nemerow pollution index (PI), and pollution load index (PLI) revealed significant high level of HM contamination in soils. The MS values showed a spatial distribution pattern similar to those of HMs, attesting the ability of the MS method for mapping the contaminated soils. Agricultural and mining activities and geologic materials were the main sources of HM accumulation. According to the potential ecological risk index (RI) (195.93<RI<1092.53), the soil samples had moderate (65.85%) to high ecological (34.15%) risk. The hazard index (HI) showed that adults and children are not exposed to non-carcinogenic risk from the studied HMs, apart from two soil samples where Cd posed health risks to children compared to the other studied HMs. The statistical results revealed that soils are polluted by anthropogenic activities. Accordingly, effective agricultural practices that respect the environment, including the reduction of inputs as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides should be required to guarantee the safety of cropland and the residents in the studied area. Hence, the findings from this study provided some useful information for soil pollution control and management in the study area.
Greek medicine and the Hippocratic revolution. Critical-historical approach
Authors: Ostrowski Janusz
Published: August 2022

Greek civilization contributed a lot to the development of all areas of social life, culture, philosophy and science, including medicine. In the field of medicine, she also drew on the preceding civilizations, mainly Egyptian and Babylonian. Greek medicine, starting from the mythical Asclepius, through the already historical asclepiades, the classical, Hippocratic period with Hippocrates at the forefront, ending with the post-hippocratic period, was a transitional period to subsequent important periods in the development of medicine. The classical period contributed to the reduction of the importance of the supranaturalist factor, which was in force in asplepions in favor of recognizing natural causes considered to be the cause of diseases. Some of the principles presented by the main representative of this period, Hippocrates, especially aphorisms or the medical oath have survived to this day. Other theories underwent natural changes in later periods.
The impact of magnesium supplementation on the occurrence of selected disease states and physical performance - a review of the literature
Authors: Cyboran Katarzyna , Kuc Monika , Siedlak Agnieszka , Machaj Dominik , Płaczek Alicja
Published: August 2022

Magnez jest jednym z ważnych pierwiastków w ludzkim ciele. Odgrywa niezwykle ważną rolę w ponad 300 reakcjach enzymatycznych. Magnez jest jednym z siedmiu makroelementów. Makroelementy to pierwiastki, które stanowią nie mniej niż 0,01% suchej masy każdego organizmu. Z definicji ich dzienne zapotrzebowanie przekracza 100 miligramów. Według Harvard TH Chan, szkoły zdrowia łonowego, zalecana ilość spożycia magnezu to 400-420 mg dziennie dla mężczyzn i 310-320 mg dla kobiet. Co ciekawe, trudno jest przedawkować magnez, ponieważ nadmiar magnezu jest wydalany z moczem. Jednak wysokie dawki magnezu mogą powodować biegunkę lub nudności.Biegunkowe działanie soli magnezu wynika z działania osmotycznego niewchłoniętych soli w jelicie i okrężnicy oraz stymulacji motoryki żołądka.
Clinical analysis of the communicating artery between the dorsal and plantar aspects of the foot
Authors: Kwak Si Hyun , Ahn Seung Ki , Kim Jun Hyuk , Park Sang Ho , Choi Hwan Jun
Published: August 2022

Purpose: One of the treatment methods for critical limb ischemia is percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). In severe cases, however, multiple vessels are blocked, including the main vessels of the lower extremities. This study aimed to determine whether wound healing and symptom relief occurred depending on whether the communicating artery was patent after PTA.Methods: In total, 120 patients (120 lower extremities) who underwent PTA from January 2016 to February 2018 were followed up for 6 months.Results: Out of 87 patients who had wounds, 34 had a patent communicating artery and 53 had a non-patent communicating artery. Out of 34 patients who had wounds but a patent communicating artery, 29 completely healed within 6 months. Among the 53 patients who had wounds and a non-patent communicating artery, 16 totally healed within 6 months, and 37 did not heal within 6 months. In the indirect revascularization group, 18 of 21 patients with complete wound healing within 6 months in the indirect revascularization group had a patent communicating artery.Conclusion: If only indirect revascularization is possible, it is important to ensure the patency of the communicating vessels that link the pedal and plantar arterial systems.
Effect of renal dysfunction in free flap transfer for chronic wounds of the lower extremities
Authors: Hahn Hyung Min , Jeong Yon Soo , Lee Il Jae , Kim Min Ji , Lim Hyoseob
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Free flaps play an important role in the reconstruction of chronic wounds in the lower extremities. Nonetheless, the use of free flaps for chronic wound reconstruction tends to be challenging. A considerable number of patients with chronic wounds have noteworthy medical histories, such as chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aimed to determine the relationship between the success rate and complications of free flap surgery according to the degree of kidney disease from normal renal function to ESRD.Methods: A retrospective study of all patients who underwent free tissue transfer procedures due to chronic wounds in the lower-extremity area over a 9-year period, between October 2011 and February 2020, was conducted. The primary outcome was flap failure, and major complications were set as the secondary outcome.Results: Sixty-seven consecutive free flaps were used for chronic wounds of the lower extremities at our institution. Flap failure occurred in six patients (9.0%), resulting in a total flap survival rate of 91.0%. Sixteen patients (23.9%) experienced major complications. Flap failure was correlated with the presence of ESRD and renal transplantation. Conclusion: There are several limiting factors for the reconstruction of chronic wounds in the lower extremity. In particular, ESRD and renal transplantation were significantly correlated with flap failure.
Alternancia, élite y reclutamiento político en Veracruz: el gabinete de Miguel Ángel Yunes Linares (2016-2018)
Authors: Tahar Chaouch Malik
Published: August 2022

Este artículo analiza la reconfiguración de la élite gobernante veracruzana entre 2016 y 2018, en la etapa posterior a la elección de Miguel Ángel Yunes Linares como gobernador del Estado. Yunes Linares fue el primer mandatario ajeno al Partido Revolucionario Institucional (pri). Este estudio cualitativo identifica lo criterios y describe los patrones de reclutamiento de dicha élite. En el ámbito nacional, los gobiernos panistas habían radicalizado un proceso de tecnocratización iniciado desde el periodo priista, al mismo tiempo que reproducían las prácticas clientelares características del sistema político mexicano, con lo que suscitaron preguntas sobre la calidad y la efectividad del cambio político restringido a la instauración de un sistema competitivo de elecciones y partidos. La conformación del primer gobierno pospriista de Veracruz ejemplifica las continuidades de dicha política estatal, tanto desde el punto de vista de las trayectorias como desde las prácticas. El artículo muestra que no hubo un cambio en la tecnocratización de la élite gubernamental.
GMO and Non-GMO Labeling Effects: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment
Authors: Adalja Aaron , Liaukonytė Jūra , Wang Emily , Zhu Xinrong
Published: August 2022

This paper leverages a quasi-natural experiment in Vermont to analyze the effects of mandatory GMO labeling on consumer demand.
Random Perfect Information Games
Authors: Flesch János , Predtetchinski Arkadi , Suomala Ville
Published: August 2022

The paper proposes a natural measure space of zero-sum perfect information games with upper semicontinuous payoffs. Each game is specified by the game tree and by the assignment of the active player and the capacity to each node of the tree. The payoff in a game is defined as the infimum of the capacity over the nodes that have been visited during the play. The active player, the number of children, and the capacity are drawn from a given joint distribution independently across the nodes. We characterize the cumulative distribution function of the value v using the fixed points of the so-called value-generating function. The characterization leads to a necessary and sufficient condition for the event [Formula: see text] to occur with positive probability. We also study probabilistic properties of the set of player I’s k-optimal strategies and the corresponding plays.
Online Matching with Stochastic Rewards: Optimal Competitive Ratio via Path-Based Formulation
Authors: Goyal Vineet , Udwani Rajan
Published: August 2022

In the paper “Online Matching with Stochastic Rewards: Optimal Competitive Ratio via Path-Based Formulation,” the authors develop a novel algorithm analysis approach to address stochastic elements in online matching. The approach leads to several new results that were previously out of reach for a fundamental generalization of online matching. More generally, the approach is useful for analyzing the performance of online algorithms for matching in settings with stochastic uncertainty that manifests after matching decisions are made.
Interleukin-1/6 Blockade for the Treatment of Severe Steroid-Refractory BNT162b2 Vaccine-Induced Adult-Onset Still’s Disease
Authors: Hugues Benjamin , Ben Amer Hakim , Bril Floriane , Groh Matthieu , Huang Florent
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Several immune-mediated side effects have been reported with COVID-19 vaccines, including myocarditis. Case description: A 27-year-old woman with a past medical history of mild COVID-19, developed adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) with salmon-pink flagellate erythema, polyarthritis, a sore throat, myocarditis and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer®, BioNTech®). Despite the initial efficacy of high-dose pulses of methylprednisolone, inflammatory markers rose as soon as de-escalation of corticosteroids was attempted, warranting initiation of biologics targeting the interleukin (IL)-1/6 axis, which allowed sustained remission of the disease despite withdrawal of corticosteroids. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first case of AOSD with both haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-proven myocarditis triggered by COVID-19 vaccination, successfully treated with steroids and biologics targeting the IL-1/IL-6 axis. The pathophysiological process by which COVID-19 vaccination can lead to AOSD is still unknown, although it has been reported that the spike protein may act as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern and thus induce an overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines of the innate immune system (e.g., IL-1, IL-6 or IL-18). Conclusion: Targeting the IL-1/6 axis is effective for the treatment of severe steroid-refractory BNT162b2 vaccine-induced adult-onset Still’s disease. At a population level, the favourable benefit/risk ratio of COVID-19 vaccination remains indisputable.
Mamíferos carismáticos emblemas de la conservación de Colombia
Authors: Racero-Casarrubia Javier , Reyes-Cogollo Katia Inés
Published: August 2022

Como un grupo de súper héroes, existen grandes mamíferos terrestres que tienen el poder de salvar las áreas protegidas y ecosistemas estratégicos al articular a los diferentes estratos tanto civiles como gubernamentales interesados en la conservación de la biodiversidad.
Comparison of abdominal muscle activity with various verbal instructions and onset activity analysis during draw-in maneuver
Authors: Morito Tsuyoshi , Akuzawa Hiroshi , Okubo Yu , Adachi Gen , Oshikawa Tomoki , Kaneoka Koji
Published: August 2022

Draw-in is a promising intervention for regaining isolated control of the transverse abdominis (TrA). Exercises to stimulate isolated contractions are needed; however, the appropriate methods are unclear. The objectives of this study were to examine how the muscle activity and muscle activity ratio of abdominal muscles change with various verbal instructions and to determine the onset of the abdominal muscles during drawin. The participants were 21 healthy men. TrA electromyography was performed using fine-wire electrodes, and the internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and rectus abdominis (RA) were determined using surface electrodes. The participants performed seven abdominal exercises according to verbal instructions and isolated voluntary contraction of the TrA for more than 5 sec. The TrA showed higher activity in bracing. IO and EO activities were highest in bracing, whereas RA showed the highest activity in maximum bracing. TrA/IO and TrA/EO were not significantly different between conditions. The results of the onset activity analysis of the abdominal muscles during the draw-in maneuver showed that the TrA was significantly earlier than the other muscles. The activity ratios of TrA to IO and EO were highly individualized and did not differ according to the verbal instruction. Maximum draw-in showed more significant IO activity, and bracing showed co-contraction of the superficial and deep abdominal muscles. During draw-in, the TrA initiated the earliest activity among the abdominal muscles and then isolated activity for 1.1 sec.
Rekreasyon Peyzajları Kapsamında Tabiat Parkları: Değirmenboğazı Tabiat Parkı Örneği (Balıkesir)
Authors: DERİNÖZ Bekir
Published: August 2022

Since the beginning of the 19th century, there has been an increase in leisure time in parallel with the increase in the number of people. The increase in people's spare time has directed them to recreational activities. The economic, social, cultural and societal changes that have arisen due to the increasing urbanization have also changed the relations of people with nature. People have started to escape from the stressful, boring and noisy world of working life and the city to natural and semi-natural areas in their spare time. At this point, nature parks, which are often very close to the cities and easily accessible, have been one of the most preferred areas in terms of outdoor recreation activities. The aim of this study is to examine the recreational use of nature parks, which is also a protected area in Türkiye, in daily life, in particular Değirmenboğazı Nature Park, and to determine what changes or transformations these usage patterns cause in nature parks. For this purpose, the field research method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. Field studies were carried out in the area at different times of the week, on different days of the week, in 2021 and 2022. In order to determine the usage patterns and effects of the nature park on site, the local people using the area were found by participant observation method, and they were included in recreational activities. The results of the research show that Degirmenbogazi Nature Park is the scene of intense use in and around Balıkesir, and the area comes first in terms of outdoor recreational activities. Although the nature park is used all year, the most intense use is witnessed in the spring-autumn period and especially on weekends (saturdays and sundays). The usage pressure on the nature park, which is very close to the province of Balıkesir, whose population is approaching 350 thousand, is quite high. This pressure brings pollution, environmental degradation and irreversible environmental losses in the field. Arrangements made in the area, which is planned to host more visitors, damage the natural structure of the area, and the second residences built near the nature park increase the already intense pressure on the area. At this point, the issue of how nature parks, which are recreational landscapes, should be managed gains importance.