bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Chiral Transfer in Optically Active Dopant – Nematic Liquid Crystal Systems
Authors: Burmistrov V. A. , Aleksandriiskii V. V. , Novikov I. V. , Koifman O. I.
Published: December 2020

Induction of helical mesophases by incorporating chiral dopants into the nematics matrix is the promising modern trends in the chemistry of liquid crystals. This process is associated with a unique phenomenon - an amplification of chirality in liquid-crystalline phases, which ensures the detection of enantiomers by their chiral induction, much more sensitive than other methods. The relevance of this approach is due to the need to create perspective electro-optical devices operating with ultra-low control voltages based on twist effects, chromatographic stationary phases with high chiral selectivity, flexible magnets, photo-sensitive nanostructures, and other smart LC materials. The successful solution of these problems is impossible without experimental research and theoretical comprehension of the mechanisms of third level chiral transfer optically active dopant – nematic liquid crystal. In the last decade, a large number of works have appeared on the solution of these problems. This review is devoted to a generalization of the experimental results and a theoretical description of the transfer of molecular chirality to orientationally ordered systems with the participation of both chiral molecular substituents with an asymmetric carbon atom and planar or quasi-planar fragments chirally distorted relative to each other. The stereochemical aspects of induction associated with the structural correspondences of the dopant and nematic liquid crystal, as well as the main classes of optically active additives, are discussed. Application of metal complexes, both Werner and macroheterocyclic, are presented. Special attention is paid to the results of the mechanisms study of chiral transfer due to various intermolecular interactions: hydrogen bonding, axial coordination, and the formation of inclusion compounds. The high efficiency of induction of spiral mesophases has been demonstrated with a combination of different self-assembly mechanisms in liquid crystal - chiral additive systems.
Definition of Forming Processes Microparameters for Epitropic Liquid Crystal Boundary Lubrication Layers
Authors: Zheleznov A. G. , Godlevskiy V. A. , Blinov O. V.
Published: December 2020

The kinetics theory of ordered boundary lubricating layer formation is presented. The theory contains the description of the formation of boundary lubricating layer from liquid lubricating media containing tribo-active adsorbing component. The expressions for specific forming time and thickness of the boundary lubrication layer in the conditions of the considered model are defined. The prospects of the mentioned parameters experimental definition they are marked out. The tribological efficiency parameter of tribological additive is introduced. This parameter can be evaluated in model physicochemical researches or by molecular modelling methods.
Elimination kinetics of carbonyl-modified low density lipoproteins from bloodstream
Authors: Tikhaze A.K. , Domogatsky S.P. , Lankin V.Z.
Published: December 2020

The elimination kinetics of carbonyl-modified low density lipoproteins (LDL) from rabbit bloodstream was studied using isolated LDL of rabbits and humans after preliminary biotinylation or labeling with FITZ. LDL from rabbit or human blood plasma were isolated using differential ultracentrifugation in a density gradient, and then LDL were labeled using biotinylation or FITZ, after which they were modified with various low molecular weight natural dicarbonyls: malondialdehyde (MDA), glyoxal or methylglyoxal. Native and dicarbonyl-modified biotinylated or FITZ-labeled LDL were injected into the ear vein of rabbits and blood samples were taken at certain intervals. To determine the content of biotinylated LDL in blood plasma, an enzyme immunoassay was performed; FITZ-labeled LDL were determined by spectra fluorescence. It is shown that glyoxal- and methylglyoxal-modified LDL in rabbits and humans circulated in the bloodstream for almost the same time as native (unmodified) LDL. At the same time, MDA-modified rabbit and human LDL were extremely quickly eliminated from the rabbit bloodstream. Dicarbonyl-modified LDL from the donors blood plasma were not associated with the red blood cells and endothelial cells. It has been shown that using the kits Oxidized LDL ELISA (“Mercodia”, Sweden), it is possible to identify mainly MDA-modified LDL. The level of MDA-modified LDL in the blood plasma of CHD patients sharply decreases during therapy with the hypocholesterolemic drug the PCSK9 inhibitor (evulokumab), which activates LDL reutilization in the liver cells. These results explain the extreme drop in the level of MDA-modified LDL by their increased utilization in hepatocytes. The results obtained indicate a high atherogenicity of glyoxal- and methylglyoxal-modified LDL, long-term circulating in the bloodstream.
Intestinal microbiome as a predictor of the anti-PD-1 therapy success: metagenomic data analysis
Authors: Fedorov D.E. , Olekhnovich E.I. , Pavlenko A.V. , Klimina K.M. , Pokataev I.A. , Manolov A.I. , Konanov D.N. , Veselovsky V.A. , Ilina E.N.
Published: December 2020

Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has a large impact on cancer treatment but the rate of positive treatment outcomes is 40-45% and depends on many factors. One of the factors affecting the outcome of immunotherapy is the gut microbiota composition. This effect has been demonstrated both in model objects and in clinical patients groups. However, in order to identify clear causal relationships between microbiota and anti-PD1 immunotherapy response, it is necessary to expand the number of patients and experimental samples. This work presents an analysis of metagenomic data obtained using whole-genome sequencing of stool samples from melanoma patients (n=45) with different responses to anti-PD1 therapy. The analysis of the differential representation of microbial species has shown a difference in the composition of the microbiota between the experimental groups. Results of this study indicate existence of a strong link between the composition of the gut microbiota and the outcome of anti-PD1 therapy. Expansion of similar research may help develop additional predictive tools for the outcome of anti-PD1 cancer immunotherapy, as well as increase its effectiveness.
Fruit Pomological, Phytochemical Characteristic and Mineral Content of Rosehip Genotypes
Authors:   Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, İzmir, Turkey, Bilgin Nihal Acarsoy , Mısırlı Adalet , Şen Fatih , Türk Bilge , Yağmur Bülent
Published: December 2020

Rosehips, which are commonly grown in nature in shrub form, are always popular due to their importance in terms of nutrition and health. Because fruits are rich in vitamin C, total phenol and mineral contents and antioxidant activities. Nowadays, there is high demand for natural products. Rosehip grows spontaneously in Turkey. In this study, 9 individuals were examined. Consequently, significant differences were stated according to genotypes for pomological and phytochemical characteristics. Vitamin C, phenol and antioxidant activity were found to affect P and Zn nutrients. Additionally, it was detected that P, K, Ca, Mg, Na Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn contents ranged in 0.09-0.17%, 1.35-1.86%, 1.05-1.44%, 0.43-069%, 50.00-100.00 ppm 28.50-48.30 ppm, 3.30-7.00 ppm, 8.06-12.56 ppm and 50.85-85.35 ppm, respectively. In this context, one of the genotypes has been found promising due to its content.
Hazelnut: A Valuable Resource
Authors:   CI&DETS/ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Department of Food Industry, Viseu, Portugal, Guiné Raquel P. F. , Correia Paula M. Reis
Published: December 2020

Hazel (Corylus avellana L.) nutshell is one of the most consumed and most appreciated nut fruit all over the world. It is believed to have constituted a basic food in early prehistory, in temperate zones of the globe, such as for example Europe. Presently the hazelnut production is mainly concentrated on the Black Sea coast of Turkey, but other countries are also important producers, like for example Portugal, situated on the western Europe, in the Iberian Peninsula. The objective of this work is to make a review about the worldwide importance of hazelnut, their usages, including gastronomic and industrial applications, as well as some ways that allow adding value to this fruit, making it an even more valuable resource. The advantages include higher income for produces, lower environmental impacts and valorisation of residues improving sustainability and providing valuable products for consumers and/or ingredients to incorporate into those products.
FORCED CONVECTION COOLIG OF MULTIPLE HEAT SOURCES USING OPEN CELL METAL FOAMS
Authors: BOUSRİ Ali , HAMADOUCHE Abdelmalek , KHALİ Samir , NEBBALİ Rachid , BEJİ M. Hassen
Published: December 2020

A numerical simulation is performed for heat transfer enhancement in a parallel-plate heat exchanger equipped with multiple metal foam blocks of various size. Localized heat sources are placed on the top wall of the exchanger in the location of the metallic foam blocks. The Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy model is used to characterize the flow field inside the foam region. Solution of the coupled governing equations for the composite fluid/ foam system is obtained using the finite volume method. In this study, the influence of the parameters such as the Darcy number, the Reynolds number and the arrangement of the foam samples on the hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of the flow are deeply analyzed. The results are reported for two different configurations containing four metal foam blocks mounted alternately on the top and bottom of the channel walls: (1) blocks are attached straightly to the channel walls and (2) blocks positioned at a precise distance from the channel walls . The obtained results show that the improvement of the cooling of the heat sources by forced convection is better in configuration (2).
A study of high sensitive C-reactive protein in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Meena Priyanka , Goswami Sourabh , Mathur Ajay , Sharma Ramji
Published: December 2020

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not only merely limited to joints but has many extraarticular features. The major cause of mortality in RA is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inflammation in RA predispose them to succumb to CVD. The aim of this study to observe whether therapy with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) decreases inflammation and if it does so than it can be said that decrease the risk to develop CVD. Aim and objectives were to assess hs-CRP level in early and established RA both at diagnosis and again at 3 months of DMARD therapy and compare between them.Methods: Total 58 early RA (group A) and 58 established (group B) DMARD naïve RA patients were included in the study. Age, BMI, haemoglobin, random blood sugar, lipid profile, ESR, hs-CRP, RA factor and anti-CCP were measured. All of them were treated with DMARD and hs-CRP was again assessed after 3 months.Results: The mean hs-CRP level at diagnosis was 6.14±1.90 mg/l in group A while it was 10.39±3.13 mg/l in group B. The mean hs-CRP level after 3 months of DMARD was 2.56±1.35mg/l in group A while it was 7.91±3.13 mg/l in group B. The mean reduction in hs-CRP level in early RA (3.58±0.99 mg/l) was statistically significantly (p<0.001) higher than that in established RA (2.48±0.09 mg/l).  Conclusions: DMARD decreases level of inflammation in RA more efficiently if initiated early in the course of the disease.
The observational, cross sectional study to assess quality of life on patient suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Joshi Kavita S. , Amrale Prasad R. , Ahire Sagar S.
Published: December 2020

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients often present considerable individual medical burden in their symptoms, limitations, and well-being that complicate medical treatment. Quality of life (QOL) is an important aspect for measuring the impact of chronic diseases. HRQOL measurement facilitates the evaluation of efficacy of medical interventions and also the detection of groups at risk of psychological or behavioural problems.Methods: COPD patient attending the OPD/IPD are screened as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. After obtaining a written informed consent of eligible patient, they were enrolled in the study. QOL of patient is assessed based on a set of questionnaire i.e. COPD Assessment Test™ (CAT). The questionnaire was translated to Hindi and Marathi. Socio demographic variable like age, sex, education occupation and income are also collected. All 8 questions related to health-improvement and management of COPD. CAT scores were given to each question according to the level of impact.Results: In the total score of CAT we observed that there were 2.04% patients with very good QOL, 25.51% with good QOL, 61.22% with moderate QOL and 11.22% with poor QOL.Conclusions: We conclude that the quality of life is moderate in larger number of patient’s population. The most affected domain was the patient’s energy level. The patients enrolled had COPD from long period of time which might have affected their answer because they have been habitual with the difficulties arising from COPD.
Impact of COVID-19 on the patient visits in ortho emergency at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Choudhary Nitin , Gupta Akhil , Gupta Sanjeev , Saharan Amar
Published: December 2020

Background: COVID-19 pandemic effects are still being elucidated. Stay-at-home orders issued during peak of COVID-19 and social distancing as lockdown measures compounded with COVID-19 concerns have caused significant disruptions in daily life. One notable effect of these variables may be a change in the number of emergency department (ED) visits. This study aims to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on ED visits, and possible reasons for changes.Methods: Retrospective analysis using data for ED visits and procedures performed in the orthopaedics department of GMC Jammu were collected from the record section of GMC Jammu for four months prior and post implementation of lockdown and results were deduced with regards to the comparison in the number of visits, admissions and surgeries done pre and post-lockdown period.Results: The mean number of ED visits/admissions per day for the last four months of available data post lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic was significantly less than the four months prior to COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusions: A number of factors have likely contributed to the substantial decrease in ED visits observed in this study. In light of these findings, it is important to raise patient awareness regarding conditions that require urgent ortho consultation so as to avoid any type of deformity/disability whatsoever.
Microbiological surveillance of operation theatre’s and intensive care units in a tertiary care hospital in NCR region, New Delhi
Authors: Singh Soumya , Kumar Rohit , Sarma Mrinmoy
Published: December 2020

Background: Harbouring of potential pathogens in operation theatres (OTs) and intensive care units (ICUs) of hospital is a major cause of patient’s morbidity and mortality. Environmental monitoring by the microbiological testing of surfaces and equipments is useful to detect changing trends of types and counts of microbial flora. High level of microbial contamination indicates the needs for periodic surveillance aimed at early detection of bacterial contamination levels and prevention of hospital acquired infections.Methods: During a period of 6 months from January 2019 to June 2019, Air sampling from Operation theaters and Intensive care units were done by settle plate method. Swabs were taken from different sites and equipments and bacterial species were isolated and identified from them.Results: A total of 1410 samples were collected from various sites of Operation theaters and Intensive care units over a period of 6 months in which 960 were surface samples and 450 were air samples. Out of 960 surface samples, 95(9.89%) and out of 450 air samples, 90 (20%) were bacterial positive. Isolated organism was divided into normal flora (CONS, Micrococci), contaminant (bacillus species) and pathogenic organism e.g. Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp etc. Out of those 30 (16.20%) CONS, 50 (27.02%) Micrococci, 75 (40.50%) Bacillus spp, 16 (8.6%) Staphylococcus aureus, 1(0.54%) Acinetobacter spp, 2 (1.08%) Pseudomonas spp, 4 (2.16%) Klebsiella, 7 (3.78%) Escherichia coli were isolated.Conclusions: Strengthening surveillance and laboratory capacity will surely enhance infection prevention and control. Routine sampling is strongly recommended for increasing awareness to identify and control all possible sources and types of infections.
Study of the comparative effects of fluoxetine and ziprasidone in albino rats by using tail suspension test model
Authors: Kumar Hansraj , Chandra Akash , Keshari Uma Shankar Prasad , Kumar Rajiv
Published: December 2020

Background: Depression is a group of disorders results from a combination of multiple etiologic factors- genetic, biochemical, psychodynamic and socio-environmental. A depression consists of following clinical features as sadness, apathy, changes in sleep pattern, impaired concentration, feeling of shame or guilt and thoughts of dying or death. Fluoxetine and Ziprasidone both are used for the treatment of Depression in human being. Fluoxetine is Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and Ziprasidone is atypical antipsychotic.Methods: Healthy male albino rats weighing between 150-200 grams were taken for the present study. Study animals were divided into three groups randomly with each group consisting of ten animals. Drugs were powdered with help of mortar and pestle and mixed in gum acacia solution. Appropriate volume of the freshly prepared solution was administered orally daily between 9 am to 10 am to all animal as per their individual body weight. Group A administered 1ml of 0.9% normal saline orally and serves as control group. Group B administered 0.4 mg of fluoxetine orally. Group C administered 1.6 mg of ziprasidone orally. Animals were evaluated for antidepressant activity using two models – Tail suspension test and Forced swimming test.Results: The results in the tail suspension test were assessed by duration of immobility in 6 minutes duration. Antidepressant activity is indicated by the reduction in the duration of immobility i.e. lesser the duration indicates more effectiveness of the drug.Conclusions: There is significant difference in antidepressant activity of fluoxetine with antidepressant activity of ziprasidone.
Study of serum cortisol levels in complicated and uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria patients
Authors: R. Sandeep B. , Bhutto M. G. , P. Suresh Babu K.
Published: December 2020

Background: Malaria results in pathological changes in various body organs, as the parasite invade and multiply in circulating red blood cells. Despite of advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities, worldwide incidences of malaria are significant. Current study was conducted to investigate serum cortisol level changes as a promising biomarker for risk prediction in malaria and to study adrenal insufficiency in malaria patients.Methods: Current investigation was a prospective observational study, conducted on complicated and uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria patients. Serum cortisol levels in patients were investigated through immunoassay using direct chemiluminescent technology and were statistically correlated with Plasmodium vivax malaria infection.Results: Results of present investigation revealed that on day 1 there was significant difference in mean serum cortisol levels between the Plasmodium vivax malaria patients and control group and cortisol levels were significantly higher in complicated Plasmodium vivax malaria patients compared to uncomplicated cases on day 1 and 7. Cortisol levels were observed to be normal on day 1 and 7 in uncomplicated malaria cases and in patients with bleeding manifestations, renal failure and jaundice. In 10 out of 15 cases of cerebral malaria, significant increase in serum cortisol levels were observed on day 1, while on day 7 levels were normal in all 15 cases.Conclusions: Rise in serum cortisol level had a positive correlation with temperature and thus can be useful to predict the severity of disease in Plasmodium vivax malaria patients. No cortisol insufficiency was observed in during active and convalescent stages of illness.
Treatment of choice for bicondylar tibial plateau fractures between open reduction with internal fixation versus hybrid circular external fixator: a systematic review
Authors: Susila I. Made Arya , Savio Sherly Desnita , Dharmayuda Cokorda Gde Oka
Published: December 2020

The high complication rate is closely related to the incidence of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures (BTPF) due to the involvement of the articular surface. The aim of this study is to compare open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) and hybrid circular external fixation (HCEF) as the choice of surgical procedure for BTPF because these two procedures is still controversial until now. A systematic review using Cochrane library, PubMed, and Google Scholar was conducted based on PRISMA guideline. Inclusion criteria were studies comparing HCEF and ORIF of BTPF. Studies of only one surgical technique modality, schatzker types I-IV tibial plateau fractures, and case reports were excluded, resulting in six included studies. There is no significant difference in radiographs, functional and anatomical outcomes in both group (ORIF vs HCEF). Complications that measured are higher infection rate found in the ORIF group. Blood loss was higher in the ORIF group, while both procedures have similar operation time and functional outcome. The mean of hospital length of stay (LoS) seems to be higher 6.83 days (95%CI 0.96-12.70; P<0.00001) on ORIF group from the random effect of forest plot evaluation. According to this study, HCEF is more beneficial in terms of blood loss and hospital LoS. But overall ORIF and HCEF carry similar operation time, functional outcome, union rate, and complication.
Acute hemichorea associated with ipsilateral chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Ralot Tarun Kumar , Chahar Umesh , Sharma Jainendra Kumar , Hegde Chinmay Vishwanath , G. Raghavendra
Published: December 2020

Here we are describing left-sided hemichorea in a 71-year-old female which developed within 3 days without any history of weakness, unconsciousness, fever, headache, vomiting. She had a history of head trauma 5 year back. No abnormality was detected in routine blood investigations. Computed tomography revealed a left chronic subdural hematoma. Neurosurgical intervention in form of left temporal “burr hole” drainage was performed and the patient’s involuntary movements improved in the postoperative period.
A case of autoimmune hypothyroidism presented as overlap syndrome of mixed connective tissue disorder
Authors: Malik Atiullah I. , Ponvijaya Yadav , Shivnitwar Sachin , Pahuja Anuj
Published: December 2020

Mixed connective tissue disease is a distinct complex overlap disorder characterised by combination of clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, polymyositis and rheumatoid arthritis. Higher levels of anti-U1-ribonucleoprotein (anti-U1RNP) antibody has been found in these patients. 39 year old female, known case of hypothyroidism, came with complaints of multiple joint pains with swelling associated with morning stiffness of fingers since last 2 years. She also had dryness of skin, loss of appetite, constipation, difficulty in swallowing and dyspnea on exertion since last 2 months. Considering the joint pains an antinuclear antibody (ANA) was sent. She turned out to be RNP, Sm, Ro 52, Mi-2 positive. Anti-CCP, rheumatoid factors (RA), Raynaud’s phenomenon all were positive. Rheumatologist opinion was taken and she was diagnosed as mixed connective tissue disorder with hypothyroidism. Patient was successfully treated with immunosuppressants and supportive measures and responded well to tablet methotrexate, prednisone, nifedipine and hydroxychloroquine. Our patient had one major and 3 minor criteria: anti RNP antibody positive, Raynaud’s phenomenon, swollen fingers and synovitis. Thus, diagnosed as mixed connective tissue disease.
The role of epigenetic modifications in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: . Shierly , Wirawan Chandra
Published: December 2020

Aging is the primary risk factor for various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the most frequent form of Dementia. AD is progressive neurodegenerative disease with abnormal protein production, inflammation and memory deterioration. The main clinical manifestations of this illness are cognitive disturbance and memory deficit. Abnormal of beta-amyloid (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and tau deposition are the most common findings pathology in this disease. Recent studies indicate that epigenetic modifications strongly correlate in developing these pathology and disease progression. The hallmarks of epigenetic modifications are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling and ncRNA (non-coding ribonucleic acid) expressions. This review aims to explain the potential mechanisms of epigenetic modifications associate with this disease. The general conclusion of this review is that epigenetic modifications play an ultimate role in AD and there are potential biomarkers of AD and future novel treatment of AD based on epigenetics.
Osmotic controlled drug delivery system (OSMO technology) and its impact on diabetes care
Authors: Rajput Rajesh , Kumar K. M. K. Prasanna , Arya D. S. , Das A. K. , Zargar A. H. , Tiwaskar Mangesh , Motghare Vijay , Shah Ruchi , Ingole Shahu , Jain Rishi
Published: December 2020

Recently, focus on the development of controlled release drug delivery system has increased, as existing drugs exhibit certain pharmacokinetic limitations. The major goal of designing sustained release formulations is to improve the drug performance by prolonged duration of drug action, decreased frequency of dosing and reduced side effects by using smallest quantity of drug administered by the most suitable route. Osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OSMO technology) is the most promising strategy based system for sustained delivery of drug. Drug can be delivered in a controlled manner over a long period of time by the process of osmosis. Osmotic drug delivery system appears to be a promising solution for the limitations of conventional extended release formulations by virtue of their distinguished technological features. The present review describes briefly about various controlled drug delivery systems with special focus on advantages of osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system related to diabetes therapy and improved compliance.
The clinical profile and outcome of conservatively managed traumatic brain injuries and its implications on the timing of repeat CT scans
Authors: Abdulla Adil , Sadanandan Sunil
Published: December 2020

Background: Outcome of traumatic brain injury is multi factorial. It is common to follow up the conservatively managed patients with repeated CT scans at specific intervals. The study was to observe the epidemiology of TBI and ascertain utility of repeating CT scans in conservatively managed TBI.Methods: 318 patients with TBI admitted to a tertiary care center for a period of 1 year was studied. Adult patients, who have undergone multiple CT scans were included and patients underwent surgery or expired after first CT scan excluded. Personal details, clinical details and reason for repeated CT scan was studied. The change in management based on serial CT scans was measured as outcome.Results: Road traffic accidents were the cause of 69.1% of TBI. 72% of the patients were male. Commonest CT finding was occurrence of mixed lesions, seen in 44.3% patients. In patients who underwent repeated CT scans, the mean number of repeat CT scans were 3.7 CT (SD=1.001), while that of elective cases were 2.40 scans (SD=0.629). The use of routine CT scan for follow up did not alter the management of patients with TBI when compared to patients who underwent elective scans as none of them underwent any surgical intervention.Conclusions: RTA are commonest cause for TBI. Use of routine CT scans was not of advantage over elective scans as none of the patients had any change in management with use of repeat CT scans.
Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy a boon to difficult gall bladder
Authors: Singh Santosh Kumar , Shukla Devendra , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Katyayan Ila
Published: December 2020

Background: Subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been in practice to treat difficult gall bladder for 100s of years. It keeps the benefit of being a minimally invasive and single-stage procedure. Thus, it remains a better option over conversion to open cholecystectomy as well as cholecystostomy which was a two-stage surgery practiced in earlier days.Methods: It was a prospective study focusing on indications, type and complications of subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It also compared the per-operative and post-operative outcomes of all cases of subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy (48) with cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy that were converted to open procedure (30) performed over a period of 1 year. Patients were followed for 12 months post-surgery.Results: Acute cholecystitis is one of the most common indication of subtotal cholecystectomy. Also, it was associated with lesser mean operative time, postoperative hospital stays and postoperative complications when compared with conversion (to open) cholecystectomy.Conclusions: Subtotal cholecystectomy is a better option than open cholecystectomy in cases of difficult gall bladder.
Pattern of hand injuries: a two year review of cases in S. Nijalingappa Medical College and HSK Hospital, Bagalkot
Authors: Math Mahantesh , S. Suhas D.
Published: December 2020

Background: Hand injuries are common, leading to loss of function with attendant psychological consequences. The pattern of the injuries varies from place to place, responsible for a significant hospital emergency visit and most of which are seen by non-hand specialists. It is pertinent that those who may come across the patients understand this pattern.Methods: A retrospective review of records of patients presenting with hand injuries to the plastic surgery department over a two year period was carried out highlighting the pattern of the injury.Results: A total of 95 patients predominantly males sustained hand injuries. Most of the patients were in their 20s. Road traffic injury been the commonest cause of injury followed by machines with high incidence of injury of the Right hand which was 53.6%. Soft tissue injuries occurred in 79% of cases, bony injuries occur 14% of cases and tendon injuries in 7% cases.Conclusions: Understanding the pattern of injury can impart positively on the management of hand injuries and for its preventive measures of safe road and education of the people on the use of tools and machines in our environment.
Management and post operative complication of acute intestinal obstruction
Authors: Tenginkai Pradeep , Nagaraj Parthiban , K Santosh Nayak
Published: December 2020

Background: Intestinal obstruction remains one of the most common intra-abdominal problems faced by general surgeons in their practice. Its early recognition and aggressive treatment in patients of all ages, including neonates, can prevent irreversible ischemia and transmural necrosis, thereby decreasing mortality and long-term morbidity. Objective of the study was to study the etiological factors, various modes of clinical presentation and management of intestinal obstruction.Methods: Study was conducted by selection of consecutive 50 cases presenting with symptoms and signs suggestive of acute intestinal obstruction from Chigateri General Hospital and Bapuji Hospital attached to J.J.M.Medical College, Davangere during the period from June 2009 to May 2011.Results: In our series, the maximum incidence is in the age group of 41-50 years. The occurrence of acute intestinal obstruction was common in male compared to female. Small bowel obstruction is more common. The commonest presenting symptom was abdominal pain followed by vomiting, distention of abdomen and absolute constipation. Adhesive obstruction (56%) was the commonest cause of acute intestinal obstruction, followed by Obstructed Hernia (18%), Malignancy (6%), Volvulus (4%), Intussusceptions (6%) and TB stricture (6%). Release of adhesions and bands was done in 22 cases. Resection and end-to-end anastomosis was done in 16 cases, which included cases of intussusception, adhesions, stricture, Ileo-caecal growth, colonic growth.Conclusions: Most common etiological factor for intestinal obstruction is postoperative adhesions. Release of adhesions and bands was the most common surgery done.
Laparoscopic adhesiolysis in treatment of post appendectomy pain in right iliac fossa- an evaluation
Authors: Biswas Bidyut Kumar , Hembram Rasbihari , Biswas Subikash
Published: December 2020

Background: Post-operative complications following appendectomy are relatively not uncommon and pain during this period is sometimes seen. Persistent or reappearance of similar pain causes the loss of patient’s confidence on the procedure itself as well as despair for surgeons.Methods: The study was conducted at our institution to determine the cause of post appendectomy right iliac fossa pain and to evaluate the role of laparosopic adhesiolysis as a therapeutic tool. 35 patients with post appendectomy right iliac fossa pain were included in the study and outcome of post-operative peri-caecal adhesions (if found) treatment with laparoscopic adhesiolysis was assessed.Results: 80% of the 35 patients were in the age group of 18-38 years. 37.14% (13 patients) were symptomatic within 1 year of appendectomy. Pain due to post-operative adhesion was found in 20% (7) of the patients. With laparoscopic adhesiolysis, the diagnostic accuracy rate was 78.57% and therapeutic relief in pain was 85.72% of the patients in our study.Conclusions: Patients presenting recurrent pain in right iliac fossa, after appendectomy should not be overlooked. Patients with recurrent right iliac fossa pain following appendectomy may benefit from laparoscopy, both as a diagnostic tool and with the added advantage of treating the patients simultaneously in the form of laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Adhesiolysis has offered pain free life as long as our follow up is concerned.
Robotic surgeries: an initial experience in a multispeciality hospital
Authors: Bada Vijaykumar C. , Pavankumar V. , Kumar Patwadi Ajay , Reddy Shilpi , Sasanka V.
Published: December 2020

Background: The use of robotic surgical systems is an expanding technology in the world. Robot-assisted surgery overcomes some limitations of laparoscopy. Aim was to evaluate a single surgeon’s experience with safety, feasibility, complications, and short- and long-term outcomes for robotic assisted procedures.Methods: It was a prospective study of 39 patients operated by robotic assistance performed 39 surgeries from November 2018 to June 2020 in three departments with follow up of 2 years. The surgeries performed included gastroenterology, gynecological and urological system.Results: It was a prospective, analytical and descriptive study. In total 39 cases in present study followed up for 3 years. Most of the patients in study are in >65 years age group, and females have been operated mostly. Surgeries in our hospital done with robotic assistance ware 13 cases (33.3%) in gastroenterology department, gynecological department with total 17 cases (42.5%) and in urology department it was 9 cases (23.2%). Gastroenterology surgeries took less time of 100 minutes. Blood loss in gynecological surgeries was more compared to other departments with 103 ml followed by urology 98 ml. Hospital stay in present study was less for gynecological surgeries with one day of admission. All over complications are around 2.5%. Success rate in our study was 97.5%.Conclusions: It was concluded that robotic surgery offers an effective and safe alternative in the surgical treatment.
A metallic ring penile foreign body causing penile strangulation: a rare case report
Authors: Maregowda Shivalingaiah , Muralidhar Suraj
Published: December 2020

Strangulation of penis is a rare clinical entity, which requires urgent urological management to prevent its devastating outcomes. The treatment of penile strangulation is immediate decompression of the constricted penis to facilitate free blood flow. Many different techniques have been described in literature to remove the constricting penile foreign bodies, but there is no universally accepted technique. Each case needs individualized handling in removing the foreign body. The procedure should be done with as little discomfort to the patient as possible and under anesthesia. Here we present to you a case report on a rare case of a metallic ring penile foreign body causing penile strangulation.
Intermammary pilonidal sinus: rare location of a common condition
Authors: Deshpande Gayatri A. , Gajbhiye Raj N. , Tirpude Bhupesh , Bhanarkar Hemant , Akulwar Vikrant , Kodape Girish
Published: December 2020

Pilonidal sinus in the intermammary region is a rare location of an inflammatory condition commonly occurring in the natal cleft. It is typically characterised by a pus and hair containing cavity in the skin lined by granulation tissue connecting the skin surface. A 22 year-old female presented with chronically discharging sinuses in the intermammary region with recurrent abscess formation for one year duration. Although a rare location, clinical diagnosis of pilonidal sinus was made. Complete excision of sinus tract with abscess cavity with primary closure was performed under general anaesthesia. Histopathological examination confirmed pilonidal sinus. On follow up, the scar was healthy with no keloid formation. Pilonidal sinus may rarely occur in intermammary region. Complete excision and primary closure is the mainstay treatment.
Mesothelial cyst in inguinal hernial sac in a male child: a case report
Authors: Mishra Baikuntha Narayan , Padhy Sadasiba , Pahi Prabin Prakash , Joshi Ranjit Kumar
Published: December 2020

Mesothelial cysts of inguinal area are extremely rare and few cases have been reported in females, arising from round ligament of uterus. Inguinal hernias are a common surgical problem in children presenting as an inguinal or inguino scrotal swelling. Usually the contents of hernial sac in a male child are intestine or omentum and in females  it may contain ovary. Mesothelial cyst of round ligament may present as an inguinal mass in females, but it is very rare to find in side inguinal hernial sac of a male child. Here in we report a case of 2 year 9-month-old male child, who was operated for irreducible right congenital inguinal hernia. A pedunculated cystic mass was found to be the content and was removed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of mesothelial cyst. Because of rarity, we report this case.
Charles procedure combined with staged subcutaneous excision in treating a case of chronic massive lymphedema: a case report
Authors: Verma Nimesh , Maisuria Rushabh , Patel Amit , S. Sankhya Bhat
Published: December 2020

Lymphedema in its advanced stage is a physically and psychologically debilitating condition as conservative management alone in this condition, barely makes any difference in patient’s quality of life. Here we present a case report where we were able to successfully treat our patient of massive lymphedema and help him walk on his feet, by an approach where we combined Charles procedure and staged subcutaneous excision of soft tissue.
Repair of giant inguino-scrotal hernia with loss of domain using minimally invasive anterior component separation technique combined with Lichtenstein tension-free mesh hernioplasty
Authors: Sewalia Pooja , Chawla Avneet S. , Sangtam Lirangla T. , Mandalapu Himaja , Kumar Hemant , Kaur Avneet , Bansal Anshul
Published: December 2020

Inguinal hernia repairs are most commonly performed surgical procedures across the world. Lichtenstein's tension free technique of open hernioplasty is the gold standard technique, while laparoscopic techniques gained popularity over recent decade. Giant inguinal hernias are rare. Giant inguinal hernia extends below the midpoint of the inner thigh, in the standing position. These are long standing conditions and at presentation years of herniation or even decades. We report a patient of 65 years of age presented with type-II left sided giant inguinoscrotal hernia from last 10 years with loss of domain. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed, omentum and ileal loops with mesentry as contained in hernia sac, which was repaired by minimally invasive anterior component separation technique to increase the intra-abdominal volume followed by omentectomy and Lichtenstein  mesh hernioplasty without any complications. He recovered uneventfully. Surgical management of giant inguinal hernia is significantly more challenging and unusual because of ‘loss of domain’ and returning herniated viscera into the empty abdominal cavity forcefully can lead to high intra-abdominal pressure, recurrence or abdominal compartment syndrome. There are several repair techniques in literatures such as resection of contents and increased intra-abdominal volume increasing procedures but there is no standard protocol or surgical procedure for the management of giant hernias. We describe a technique which is relatively simple, less expensive and less invasive used for type II unilateral giant inguinoscrotal hernia with loss of domain in patient with co-morbidities.
A tale of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Anandakannan Indrajit , Swaminathan Shanthi Ponnandai , Kawarat Vikas , Mani Rajeshwari , Chinnappan Arul Kumar , R. Kannan
Published: December 2020

A traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is uncommon which accounts for 0.8 to 1.6%. In Blunt or penetrating abdominal injury, the patient presents as early or delayed respiratory distress or intestinal obstruction. We present the 55-year old female with a road traffic accident (pedestrian versus two-wheeler) with left-sided chest pain and breathlessness, left shoulder and leg pain referred to our institute. On examination, left hemithorax decreased breath sound and bowel sound was present, chest compression test positive, normal bowel sound in the abdomen, restricted left shoulder movement and abnormal mobility of shaft of left tibia and fibula. A plain X-ray of the chest and abdomen showed bowel shadow in the left hemithorax up to the apex. Computed tomography (CT) of thorax and abdomen shows herniation of stomach, transverse colon, omentum in the left hemithorax with collapsed left lung. A plain X-ray of the left shoulder shows neck of scapula fracture, left leg both bone fracture. Suggesting traumatic diaphragmatic hernia took emergency surgery, laparotomy was made intact stomach, transverse colon, omentum reduced with no injuries, radially placed diaphragmatic rent of size 10 cm × 5.5 cm through which left lung inferior lobe visualized, medial edge of rent close to the pericardial pad of fat. Other solid organs normal, left thoracic drain was fashioned. Rent was closed with interrupted polypropylene with intraabdominal drain. Left leg both bone fracture was done with tibial nailing and left neck of scapula fracture managed conservatively. Abdominal approach is sufficient rather than a thoracoabdominal approach given associated intraabdominal injuries, nowadays minimal access approaches preferred.
Injection Current into the Power Transformer as an Internal Fault Phenomena for Measuring the Differential Relay Performance
Authors: Goeritno Arief , Nugraha Irwan , Rasiman Syofyan , Johan Ayumi
Published: December 2020

In this paper explains the classical aspects in measure the differential relay performance. The classical aspects use the simulation through inrush current into the power transformer under three conditions. The first condition is giving the normal phenomenon as phenomenon of loading, the second condition is giving the fault phenomenon for outside of the protection zone, and the third condition is giving the fault phenomenon for inside of the protection zone. The result of measurement during loading condition, the differential relay not operate, because relay is set with value of 130% of the largest current between the three phases, so that the adjustable current is 4.45 mA. The results of current measurement to the differential relay when the fault condition is provided outside of the protection area, the current value to the differential relay should of zero mA and the differential relay not operate. The result of measurement of the current flow to the differential relay when giving the fault phenomenon inside the protection zone is obtained flow to relay at the phase-R is 127.7 mA, phase-S is 123.9 mA, and phase-T equal to 123.8 mA, while the result of calculation of the current flow to the differential relay of each phase of 152.61 mA, and the differential relay operate. After giving all of three conditions, the differential relay performance is known.
Building detection by local region features in SAR images
Authors:   College of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Shuren University, Ye S.P. ,   School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Chen C.X. ,   College of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Shuren University, Nedzved A. ,   Department of Computer Applications and Systems, Belarusian State University, Jiang J. ,   College of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Shuren University,   College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University
Published: December 2020

The buildings are very complex for detection on SAR images, where the basic features of those are shadows. There are many different representations for SAR shadow. As result it is no possible to use convolutional neural network for building detection directly. In this article we give property analysis of SAR shadows of different type buildings. After that, each region (ROI) prepared for training of building detection is corrected with its own SAR shadow properties. Reconstructions of ROI will be put in a modified YOLO network for building detection with better quality result.
Optical force acting on a particle in the presence of a backward energy flow near the focus of a gradient lens
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Nalimov A.G. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: December 2020

We show that a 70-nm dielectric nanoparticle placed on the optical axis near the surface (at a distance less than 100 nm) of a high-NA gradient microlens made of silicon, which is illuminated by a laser beam of 1.55 μm wavelength, is attracted to the lens surface with a piconewton force. The profile of the lens refractive index is described by a hyperbolic secant function. If a cut-out is made in the lens output surface, then the nanoparticle will be pulled into this cut-out, producing a kind of 'optical magnet'. If a reverse energy flow is to be generated on the optical axis near the output surface of such a gradient lens, this will lead to an absorbing dielectric nanoparticle being pulled toward the surface with a greater force than a similar non-absorbing particle. In the absence of a reverse flow, both absorbing and non-absorbing particles will be attracted to the surface with an equal force. The electromagnetic fields involved are calculated using a finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and the acting forces are calculated using a Maxwell stress tensor.