bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gamma knife radiosurgery for idiopathic and secondary trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Chang Jin Woo , Chang Jong Hee , Park Yong Gou , Chung Sang Sup
Published: February 2019

Object. The aim of this study was to identify pain relief and treatment morbidity following gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for idiopathic and secondary trigeminal neuralgia.

Methods. Between May 1992 and December 1999, 15 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and 38 patients with secondary trigeminal neuralgia were treated with GKS. Pain improvement was achieved in 13 of the patients with idiopathic pain (pain response rate 86.7%). Seven patients were pain free and another six experienced pain reduction. There were no serious complications; however, two patients suffered a mild facial sensory change 8 months and 9 months, respectively, after GKS.

The patients with secondary trigeminal neuralgia were divided into two groups (Group I, 32 patients in whom the trigeminal root entry zone [REZ] near the tumor could not be visualized; and Group II, six patients in whom the trigeminal REZ near the tumor or brainstem lesion could be visualized).

In Group I, the pain subsided completely in eight patients and was reduced in seven (pain response rate 46.9%). In Group II, the pain subsided completely in one patient at 2.8 months and was reduced in three patients at a mean follow up of 0.8 months (range 0.6–1 month) after GKS. The pain response rate was 66.7%.

Conclusions. The authors believe that GKS is an effective treatment modalities for idiopathic and secondary trigeminal neuralgia, particularly in patients with inoperable lesions.
Computerized tomography cisternography of the trigeminal nerve for stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Worthington Curtis , Hutson Kent , Boulware Raleigh , Neglia William , Gibbons John P. , Clark Robert , Rand John
Published: February 2019

✓ A-60-year-old man with medically intractable left-sided maxillary division trigeminal neuralgia had severe cardiac disease, was dependent on an internal defibrillator and could not undergo magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was successfully treated using computerized tomography (CT) cisternography and gamma knife radiosurgery. The patient was pain free 2 months after GKS. Contrast cisternography with CT scanning is an excellent alternative imaging modality for the treatment of patients with intractable trigeminal neuralgia who are unable to undergo MR imaging.
Preliminary experience in the treatment of choroidal melanoma with gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Woodburn Robert , Danis Ronald , Timmerman Robert , Witt Thomas , Ciulla Thomas , Worth Robert , Bank Morris , Coffman Sally
Published: February 2019

Object. The authors report their early results from an ongoing experience treating patients with choroidal melanoma by using gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS).

Methods. Between September 1998 and March 2000, 11 patients were treated for choroidal melanoma. Treatment was facilitated with specialized frame placement. Eye immobilization was accomplished with supra- and infraorbital nerve block and tethering sutures to the periorbital tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to localize the tumor for treatment planning. Plugging patterns were used to steer fall-off radiation away from the fovea, optic nerve, or lens. Tumor volume, tumor location relative to critical structures, and dose to critical structures were determined using GammaPlan. Tumor response was determined using ultrasonography. Toxicity was determined by clinical assessment, visual acuity testing, and ophthalmoscopy.

All 11 patients successfully completed the treatment. In every case, 40 Gy was prescribed to the 50% isodose, which completely encompassed all visible tumor. Tumor height ranged from 2.9 to 7 mm. The tumor diameter ranged from 6 to 13 mm. The range of follow up was 2 to 19 months. No tumor has progressed. One patient had improvement in vision because of improvement in retinal detachment. Two patients experienced visual decline. One patient's visual decline was due to a vitreous hemorrhage, and the other's was due to hard exudates encroaching on the macula. One patient has developed a dry eye that is managed effectively with topical eye lubricants.

Conclusions. This preliminary experience demonstrates that GKS is a feasible treatment option for small- to medium-sized choroidal melanomas. Longer follow up and additional patients will be required to improve the assessment and the ultimate tumor control and toxicity in this ongoing series.
Initial experience with gamma knife radiosurgery for advanced glaucoma
Authors: Vladyka Vilibald , Liščk Roman , Šubrt Oldřich , Vymazal Jozef , Pilbauer Jiri , Hejduková Iveta , Němec Pavel
Published: February 2019

Object. The authors assessed the affect of gamma knife radiosurgery on patients with glaucoma.

Methods. Fifteen eyes in 14 patients were treated with gamma knife radiosurgery during a 14-month period. Ocular pain was alleviated in all patients and intraocular pressure was decreased. There were no early side effects.

Conclusions. Further studies are needed to elucidate the best treatment parameters, long-term results, and some of the pathophysiological effects.
Development of a relocatable frame technique for gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Walton Lee , Hampshire Anna , Roper Anthony , Mitchell Patrick , Vaughan Paul , Forster David M. C. , Kemeny Andras A. , Radatz Matthias W. R.
Published: February 2019

Object. One of the limiting factors in gamma knife radiosurgery is the restriction to one treatment imposed by the fixed stereotactic frame. The ability, in selected cases, to remove the frame and replace it on a subsequent occasion in the same location would facilitate fractionated treatments and provide flexibility in the timing of treatment delivery. It is the purpose of this work to investigate techniques for frame fixation and for essential verification of frame position once it has been reapplied.

Methods. A technique is proposed that requires four surgical self-tapping screws to be inserted into the skull. Aluminum pins are inserted through the frame pillars and are tightened against the head of the screws, providing a firm fixation of the frame. Pin lengths are recorded on gauges to ensure reproducibility of the position. In phantom tests, test objects were localized (using the angiographic localizer) before and after each of five frame removal/reapplications to test the reproducibility of frame position. The mean error in the observed target coordinates was 0.3 mm and the maximum error observed was 0.7 mm, indicating that the frame can be reapplied with some confidence.

Repetition of bubble skull measurements has been investigated as a means of verifying that the frame was repositioned correctly; however, reproducibility of patient measurements was found to be poor even when no frame movement had occurred. In contrast, the use of a radiotherapy simulator to obtain repeated lateral and anteroposterior projections of the head was shown to be capable of detecting frame movements of as little as 1 mm.

Conclusions. Using this technique of frame application facilitates the reapplication of the frame with an accuracy of plus or minus 0.7 mm. Bubble measurements are inadequate for the detection of frame movement. Simple techniques in which a radiotherapy simulator is used can verify correct frame placement and indicate frame movements of less than 1 mm.
Stereotactic radiation treatment planning and follow-up studies involving fused multimodality imaging
Authors: Hamm Klaus D. , Surber Gunnar , Schmücking Michael , Wurm Reinhard E. , Aschenbach Rene , Kleinert Gabriele , Niesen A. , Baum Richard P.
Published: February 2019

Object. Innovative new software solutions may enable image fusion to produce the desired data superposition for precise target definition and follow-up studies in radiosurgery/stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with intracranial lesions. The aim is to integrate the anatomical and functional information completely into the radiation treatment planning and to achieve an exact comparison for follow-up examinations. Special conditions and advantages of BrainLAB's fully automatic image fusion system are evaluated and described for this purpose.

Methods. In 458 patients, the radiation treatment planning and some follow-up studies were performed using an automatic image fusion technique involving the use of different imaging modalities. Each fusion was visually checked and corrected as necessary. The computerized tomography (CT) scans for radiation treatment planning (slice thickness 1.25 mm), as well as stereotactic angiography for arteriovenous malformations, were acquired using head fixation with stereotactic arc or, in the case of stereotactic radiotherapy, with a relocatable stereotactic mask. Different magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences (T1, T2, and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery images) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans were obtained without head fixation. Fusion results and the effects on radiation treatment planning and follow-up studies were analyzed.

The precision level of the results of the automatic fusion depended primarily on the image quality, especially the slice thickness and the field homogeneity when using MR images, as well as on patient movement during data acquisition. Fully automated image fusion of different MR, CT, and PET studies was performed for each patient. Only in a few cases was it necessary to correct the fusion manually after visual evaluation. These corrections were minor and did not materially affect treatment planning. High-quality fusion of thin slices of a region of interest with a complete head data set could be performed easily. The target volume for radiation treatment planning could be accurately delineated using multimodal information provided by CT, MR, angiography, and PET studies. The fusion of follow-up image data sets yielded results that could be successfully compared and quantitatively evaluated.

Conclusions. Depending on the quality of the originally acquired image, automated image fusion can be a very valuable tool, allowing for fast (∼ 1–2 minute) and precise fusion of all relevant data sets. Fused multimodality imaging improves the target volume definition for radiation treatment planning. High-quality follow-up image data sets should be acquired for image fusion to provide exactly comparable slices and volumetric results that will contribute to quality contol.
Functional stereotactic radiosurgery involving a dedicated linear accelerator and gamma unit: a comparison study
Authors: Solberg Timothy D. , Goetsch Steven J. , Selch Michael T. , Melega William , Lacan Goran , DeSalles Antonio A. F.
Published: February 2019

Object. The purpose of this work was to investigate the targeting and dosimetric characteristics of a linear accelerator (LINAC) system dedicated for stereotactic radiosurgery compared with those of a commercial gamma knife (GK) unit.

Methods. A phantom was rigidly affixed within a Leksell stereotactic frame and axial computerized tomography scans were obtained using an appropriate stereotactic localization device. Treatment plans were performed, film was inserted into a recessed area, and the phantom was positioned and treated according to each treatment plan. In the case of the LINAC system, four 140° arcs, spanning ± 60° of couch rotation, were used. In the case of the GK unit, all 201 sources were left unplugged. Radiation was delivered using 3- and 8-mm LINAC collimators and 4- and 8-mm collimators of the GK unit. Targeting ability was investigated independently on the dedicated LINAC by using a primate model.

Measured 50% spot widths for multisource, single-shot radiation exceeded nominal values in all cases by 38 to 70% for the GK unit and 11 to 33% for the LINAC system. Measured offsets were indicative of submillimeter targeting precision on both devices. In primate studies, the appearance of an magnetic resonance imaging—enhancing lesion coincided with the intended target.

Conclusions. Radiosurgery performed using the 3-mm collimator of the dedicated LINAC exhibited characteristics that compared favorably with those of a dedicated GK unit. Overall targeting accuracy in the submillimeter range can be achieved, and dose distributions with sharp falloff can be expected for both devices.
Dose fractionation in stereotactic radiotherapy for parasellar meningiomas: radiobiological considerations of efficacy and optic nerve tolerance
Authors: Shrieve Dennis C. , Hazard Lisa , Boucher Kenneth , Jensen Randy L.
Published: February 2019

Object. Benign meningiomas have been shown to be equally well controlled with single-dose radiosurgery (15 Gy) and fractionated doses of 54 Gy in 30 fractions after adequate follow up. For a subset of patients with meningioma, the optic apparatus is dose limiting when considering single-dose stereotactic radiosurgery, with tolerance estimated to be 8 to 10 Gy. Recently, hypofractionated regimens have been used to treat benign meningiomas with a small number of fractions. An analysis of the expected efficacy of hypofractionation compared with the estimated optic tolerance to fractionated radiotherapy was undertaken.

Methods. Using the assumption that 15 Gy in one fraction and 54 Gy in 30 fractions are isoeffective for control of benign meningioma, an α/β for meningioma is calculated to be 3.28 Gy. Invoking a 10% error for these doses (15 Gy ± 10% is equivalent to 54 Gy ± 10%) results in upper and lower limits of the estimate for α/β of 3.85 Gy and 2.7 Gy. Using these estimates, isoeffect curves for control of meningioma were constructed for fraction numbers of one to 45. Best estimates of optic nerve/chiasm tolerance to single doses of radiation are 8 to 10 Gy, with the reported incidence of optic neuropathy increasing significantly at higher doses. This is consistent with the optic ret model, which also predicts for optic tolerance following fractionated radiotherapy. Comparison of optic tolerance and estimates of efficacious doses at fraction numbers between one and 30 were made. Statistical estimates of patient numbers and duration of follow up required to rule out optic neuropathy following radiotherapy were made. Single doses of radiation required to treat benign meningioma optimally (13.5–16.5 Gy) clearly exceed the estimated and reported clinical tolerance of the optic nerves and chiasm. The application of equivalent biological doses in a small number of fractions continues to exceed optic tolerance until at least 25 fractions are applied.

Conclusions. The use of small numbers of fractions to treat patients with meningioma when portions of optic nerve or chiasm receive full dose may result in undertreatment of the tumor and/or exceeding optic nerve tolerance. In such cases standard fractionation is recommended. Ruling out a low, yet unacceptable, risk of optic neuropathy may require the close study of many patients with long-term follow-up evaluation.
Use of stereotactic intensity-modulated radiotherapy in thyroid-related ophthalmopathy
Authors: Espinoza Salvador , Saboori Mehran , Forman Scott , Moorthy Chitti R. , Benzil Deborah L.
Published: February 2019

✓ Thyroid-related ophthalmopathy (TRO), a debilitating condition involving a range of visual and orbital symptoms, occurs in up to 40% of patients with Graves disease. The goals of treatment include correcting thyroid dysfunction, relieving ocular pain, preserving vision, and improving cosmetic appearance. Options for therapy include symptomatic treatment, glucocorticoid medication, radiation therapy, and surgery. Traditional radiation treatment uses small opposed bilateral fields consisting of retrobulbar volumes and customized blocks to shield periorbital structures. The combination of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and stereotactic technology facilitates the administration of radiation to patients suffering from TRO and provides greater safety and efficacy than traditional treatment. The authors present the case of a patient with severe TRO whose symptoms resolved rapidly after treatment with stereotactic IMRT. The outcome in this case supports stereotactic IMRT as an effective treatment option for patients with TRO who also undergo radiation therapy.
Patterns of failure after single-dose radiosurgery for spinal metastasis
Authors: Ryu Samuel , Rock Jack , Rosenblum Mark , Kim Jae Ho
Published: February 2019

Object. Single-dose radiosurgery for solitary spinal metastases can achieve rapid and durable pain control. This study was conducted to determine the patterns of failure after spinal radiosurgery.

Methods. Forty-nine patients with 61 solitary spinal metastases underwent radiosurgery between May 2001 and May 2003. Single-dose radiosurgery (10–16 Gy) was delivered only to the involved spinal segments. The authors undertook a retrospective review of clinical notes, including patient questionnaires and radiological studies (computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging), to analyze patterns of failure following radiosurgery with regard to the pain and tumor control.

Complete and partial pain relief was achieved in 85% of the lesions treated. Relapse of pain at the treated site was noted in 7%. Radiologically, lesions progressively metastasized to the immediately adjacent spines in 5%. These patients also had progressive primary and/or other systemic metastatic diseases.

Conclusions. Spine-related pain control/reduction was excellent. Tumor recurrence at the treated segment and progression to the immediately adjacent region were rare. The results support the use of spinal radiosurgery as an effective treatment option for solitary spinal metastasis.
ANALISIS PERSENTASE PENAMBAHAN PUPUK KANDANG (Kotoran Sapi) DAN LIMBAH TAHU DALAM PEMBUATAN BIOGAS
Authors: Fitrah Muhammad Fitrah , Wiryono Budy , DP Guyup Mahardian , Asmawati Asmawati
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui presentase penambahan Kotoran Sapi (kotoran sapi) dan limbah tahu yang tepat dalam pembuatan biogas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dengan percobaan laboratorium. data hasil penelitian diolah dengan analisis keragaman (analisys of variance) pada taraf 5 % dan jika ada perlakuan yang berpengaruh secara nyata, dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT pada taraf 5 %. Perlakuan yang terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan K1 dengan persentase campuran (Air 1,5 L + Limbah Tahu 1,5 kg + Kotoran Sapi 1 kg), yaitu, jumlah waktu pembentukan gas pada hari ke 3, jumlah gas yang dihasilkan 52,15 mm3, nilai pH 6,28, nilai suhu 30.97 oC dan nilai tekanan 100,32 Pa.This study aims to to know the percentage the addition of cow dung ( dirt cattle ) and waste know proper in the manufacture of biogas . The data the results of the study that it is processed from the analysis the diversity of ( analisys of variance ) the first 5 % and if there is a of being treated with influence significantly , when top flight sides enter by test bnt the first 5 %. Of being treated with best obtained the fire victims in k1 treatment being handed out with the percentage of a mixture of ( water 1,5 l + any type of waste you know 1,5 kg + you have cow manure 1 kg ) , pt pgn promised to supply , the amount of time the formation of gas on the th day of 3 , the amount of a gas that is produced 52,15 mm3 , ph values 6,28 , the value of the temperature of 30.97 oc network and value of pressure 100,32 pa.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN BORAKS DAN FORMALIN PADA BEBERAPA PEDAGANG BAKSO DI KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Saputrayadi Adi , Asmawati Asmawati , Marianah Marianah , Suwati Suwati
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan ingin mengetahui apakah terdapat  kandungan boraks dan formalin pada bakso yang dijual oleh pedagang yang memiliki warung bakso permanen di Kota Mataram melalui uji di Laboratorium Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram. Hasil penelitian dapat menggambarkan penggunaan bahan tambahan pangan berbahaya oleh pedagang bakso yang ada di kota mataram. Lokasi  pengambilan sampel penelitian adalah beberapa tempat pedagang  bakso  di Kota Mataram dengan kriteria pedagang bakso  yang menetap bukan pedagang kaki lima dan bukan pedagang keliling. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode eksprimental dengan melakukan uji di laboratorium. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari: (1) proses pengumpulan sampel dari 12 pedagang bakso di kota mataram, masing-masing kecamatan diwakili 2 pedagang bakso, (2) Uji kandungan boraks dan formalin, (3) analisis sifat organoleptik bakso. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dari 12 sampel yang dikumpulkan menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada yang mengandung boraks (0%), tetapi 100 % mengandung formalin. Keberadaan formalin pada bakso tidak mempengaruhi sifat kadar air bakso. Pada penilaian terhadap sifat organoleptik bakso  terhadap parameter  aroma dan rasa menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan formalin tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata, sedangkan untuk parameter warna sampel dengan skor nilai warna terendah pada perlakuan B2 yaitu 1.87 dengan penggunaan formalin pada bakso tersebut sangat tinggi, sedangkan skor nilai warna tertinggi pada perlakuan B3 yaitu 3.67 dengan penggunaan formalin agak sedikit, sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa keberadaan formalin pada pedagang bakso diwilayah kota Mataram berpengaruh terhadap warna bakso. Parameter tekstur sampel dengan skor nilai tekstur terendah pada perlakuan B2 yaitu 2.00 dengan penggunaan formalin sangat tinggi, sedangkan skor nilai tekstur tertinggi pada perlakuan B11 yaitu 3.47 dengan penggunaan formalin agak sedikit. Sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa keberadaan formalin pada pedagang bakso diwilayah kota mataram berpengaruh terhadap tekstur bakso.
SIFAT KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK BISKUIT PADA BERBAGAI PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH
Authors: Rista Eka , Marianah Marianah , Sulastri Yeni
Published: February 2019

Buah naga merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak memiliki manfaat. Selain daging buahnya, kulit buah naga dapat bermanfaat dalam produksi pangan sebagai pewarna makanan alami, karena kulit buah naga mengandung antioksidan salah satunya adalah antosianin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui : 1). pemanfaatan kulit buah naga yang berperan sebagai pewarna pada pembuatan biskuit dalam bentuk ekstrak, 2). Mengetahui pengaruh substitusi ekstrak kulit buah naga merah terhadap beberapa komponen mutu biskuit.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Eksperimental dengan percobaan di Laboratorium. Penelitian ini di rancang dengan menggunakkkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan faktor tunggal yaitu penambahan ekstrak kulit buah naga merah yang terdiri dari 5 taraf perlakuan yaitu T0 (ekstrak kulit buah naga merah 0%, T1(10% ekstrak kulit buah naga merah), (T2 20% ekstrak kulit buah naga merah), (T3 30% ekstrak kulit buah naga merah),  dan T4 ( 40% ekstrak kulit buah naga merah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak kulit buah naga merah berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, kadar serat dan sifat organoleptik warna, aroma, dan tekstur biskuit, sedangkan rasa tidak berpengaruh secara nyata. Semakin tinggi penambahan ekstrak kulit buah naga merah maka kadar air, kadar abu, dan kadar serat biskuit semakin meningkat. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan T4 (penambahan ekstrak kulit buah naga merah 40%) dengan kadar air 9,7%, kadar abu 10,7%, kadar serat kasar 28,7%. Sedangkan sifat organolepti rasa 3,65 (suka), aroma 4,15 (suka), warna 4 (merah), dan tekstur 3,85 (renyah).
PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN MAKROALGA NON BUDIDAYA SEBAGAI BAHAN PANGAN DI PULAU LOMBOK
Authors: Ghazali Mursal , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: February 2019

Makanan merupakan salah satu dari tiga kebutuhan pokok manusia yang tidak dapat diganti. Salah satu sumber bahan pangan yang belum mendapatkan perhatian yang serius bersumber dari laut seperti rumput laut. Sebagian kecil jenis rumput laut memang telah dikembangkan secara massal tetapi sebagian besar belum mendapat perhatian yang serius. Beberapa jenis makroalga non budidaya sudah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Pulau Lombok sudah sejak lama. Oleh sebab itu, artikel ini dibuat bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis rumput laut apa saja yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat pesisir Pulau Lombok dan bagaimana peluang serta tantangan pengembangan rumput laut non budidaya sebagai sumber bahan pangan di Pulau Lombok. Berdasarkan wawancara yang telah dilakukan pemanfaatan alga di pulau Lombok lebih banyak pada alga merah yaitu jenis Acanthopora sp, Hypnea sp, Sarcodia sp, dan Halimenia sp.  Sementara itu, alga hijau dua jenis yaitu Codium sp dan Caulerpha sp serta satu jenis alga coklat yaitu Sargassum sp. Peluang pengembangan makroalga non budidaya masih sangat tinggi disebabkan karena kandungan nutrisi lengkap, sumber bahan makanan, peluang dijadikan sebagai komoditi ekonomi. Meskipun demikian terdapat kendala dalam pengembangannya yakni paket pengembangan belum memadai, masyarakat belum memahami manfaat rumput laut, isu pencemaran lingkungan, dan beberapa jenis rumput laut sebagai absorban logam berat.
Politicisation, Law and Rights in the Transnational Counter-Terrorism Space: Indications from the Regulation of Foreign Terrorist Fighters
Authors: Londras Fiona de
Published: February 2019

Since 2001 a transnational counter-terrorism space has emerged that is vast in its scale and ambition and which can be discerned at both ‘universal’ (i.e. United Nations) and regional (e.g. European Union) levels, as well as in other formal and informal international organisations (for example the G7 and the Global Counter-Terrorism Forum). This article explores the question of politicisation within that transnational counter-terrorism space, and the potential for meaningful politicisation in respect of initiatives and measures emanating from transnational processes. Taking the example of ‘foreign terrorist fighters’ it argues that a shift in arena to the transnational counter-terrorism space has fundamentally challenged the capacity for effective and meaningful politicisation; that the transnational counter-terrorism space can be depoliticised by design, that where this happens the domestic counter-terrorism space is depoliticised by implication, and that thelegalbenefits of politicisation may thus be lost to the detriment of rights, legality and accountability.
Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment of TTR Amyloidosis
Authors: Kapoor Mahima , Rossor Alexander M. , Laura Matilde , Reilly Mary M.
Published: February 2019

Systemic amyloidosis can be hereditary or acquired with autosomal dominant mutations in the transthyretin gene (TTR) being the most common cause of hereditary amyloidosis. ATTRm amyloidosis is a multi-system disorder with cardiovascular, peripheral and autonomic nerve involvement that can be difficult to diagnose due to phenotypic heterogeneity. This review will focus on the neuropathic manifestations of ATTRm, the genotype-phenotype variability, the diagnostic approach and the recent therapeutic advances in this disabling condition.
Rescue high frequency ventilation for congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Attar M.A. , Dechert R.E. , Donn S.M.
Published: February 2019

INTRODUCTION:

High frequency jet (HFJV) and oscillatory (HFOV) ventilation were used to rescue newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), who failed conventional mechanical ventilation (CV). Changes in ventilator settings and pulmonary gas exchange were evaluated following transition to high frequency ventilation (HFV).

METHODS:

Records of patients with CDH rescued with HFV prior to surgical intervention between 2006 and 2015 were reviewed. Mean airway pressure (Pāw) and arterial blood gases during CV and those obtained within the first hour of HFV were compared. A composite repeated measure analysis was performed to evaluate longitudinal and intergroup variances.

RESULTS:

Twenty-seven patients were rescued from CV, 16 by HFJV and 11 by HFOV. The two groups had similar gestational ages and birth weights. Prior to HFV, both groups had similar Pāw, PaCO2, FiO2 and PaO2. HFV was associated with a significant improvement in ventilation, and the rate of decrease of PaCO2 was no different between groups. There was a significantly higher increase in Pāw increase with HFOV compared to HFJV.

CONCLUSIONS:

In newborns with CDH rescued with HFV, ventilation improved but Pāw was significantly lower in patients supported with HFJV compared to HFOV.
La solidaridad cristiana
Authors: Velasco Gogenola Juan María de
Published: February 2019

Este artículo presenta a la solidaridad como paradigma en el que situar la ética cristiana a partir de los pronunciamientos del magisterio pontificio de los últimos cincuenta años. Desde este horizonte de comprensión, se estudian y se analizan las distintas formas en que se configura y se despliega la solidaridad en cuanto concepto ético. Así, se concibe como valor, deber, virtud y principio moral. Consecuentemente, desde este entramado de nociones en las que se estructura y desarrolla el canon solidario, fundamentado en las virtudes teologales, los Papas ofrecen su propuesta de transformación social en sintonía con el anuncio de la Buena Nueva Evangélica. Desde esta perspectiva, los Pontífices urgen en su llamada a la conversión para alcanzar una convivencia reconciliada y en paz de todo el género humano, para que cualquier persona pueda vivir dignamente hasta en el último confín de la Tierra.
Product Innovation of Sharia Financial Institution: Theory Review
Authors: Mulyadi Dedi , Athoillah Mohamad Anton
Published: February 2019

Competitions in the financial industry are so tight that sharia banks can no longer simply rely on standard products to attract the public. The development of sharia banking products and services should not merely 'imitate' from conventional banking products. However, the development of this innovation product does not mean eliminating the principles of syariah let alone just be used as legal and administrative hilah to gain profit alone, on the grounds that Islamic banks are positioned as a financial intermediary institution based on business not a social institution. Based on these problems, the authors get some solution that is, development of innovation (product) is permitted when there is a stronger proposition and clarity of meaning contained therein, conformity with the purpose of sharia (maqashid al-syariah), and relevance to the development of the times and needs Human beings will transactions and modern contracts.
Murtad: Antara Eksekusi Mati dan Kebebasan
Authors: Riyadi Ahmad
Published: February 2019

Permasalahan hukuman mati bagi pelaku murtad merupakan permasalahan yang masih hangat untuk dijadikan pembahasan. Para pemikir dan cendikiawan kontemporer melihat hukuman ini sebagai bentuk pengebirian atas hak individu berupa kebebasan memilih atau mengganti agama ataupun kepercayaan yang diyakininya. Ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an pun dikemukakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa Islam memberikan kebebasan mutlak tanpa syarat kepada setiap orang dalam memilih atau mengganti agama dan keyakinannya. Demikian pula halnya dengan hadits-hadits Nabi dalam pandangan mereka yang memberi gambaran bahwa pada prakteknya, Nabi sangat memberi kelonggaran bagi setiap Muslim untuk keluar masuk agama Islam. Oleh karena itu para cendikiawan modern menganggap bahwa hukuman mati bagi pelaku murtad hanyalah produk pemikiran Fuqoha yang tidak lepas dari kepentingan politik. Dalam hal ini, hadits-hadits yang dijadikan sebagai landasan normatif untuk melegitimasi hukuman mati tidak diterima oleh mereka karena bertentangan dengan substansi dari pesan Al-Qur’an. salah seorang dari mereka yang sangat konsen dalam membicarakan kebebasan adalah Jamal Al-Banna. Cendikiwan berkebangsaan mesir, melalui komentar-komentar sinisnya terhadap Fuqoha menolak hukuman mati bagi pelaku murtad. Menurutnya hukuman tersebut sama sekali tak berlandaskan dalil, baik dari Al-Qur’an maupun hadits dan bahkan dari praktek para sahabat. Dengan metode anilitis kritis, tulisan ini mencoba menganalisa dalil-dalil yang ia gunakan dalam menolak hukuman mati atau dalil-dalil yang ia tolak bekenaan dengan permasalahn tersebut. Dari hasil analisa, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa Al-Qur’an dan Hadis yang shahih tidak akan pernah bertentangan. Sekiranya terkesan bertentangan, maka sesungguhnya kitalah yang belum bisa menggabungkan keduanya. Itulah yang terjadi pada metode pendalilan Jamal yang berusaha mempertentangkan antara Al-Qur’an dan Hadits Nabi. Hadits-hadits yang ia gunakan untuk menolak hukuman mati bagin pelaku murtad justru malah bermakna sebaliknya. Demikian hadits-hadits yang ia tolak, tak sedikitpun bergeming dengan metode kritik haditsnya yang sangat lemah
Hermeneutika Hadis Memperbanyak Keturunan Perspektif Gadamer
Authors: Kholily Aaviy Lailaa
Published: February 2019

The reproduce generation Hadist textually contains orders to have many offspring, butcan that Hadist still be applied to the contemporary context in order for exploding population causing many problems such as a quality of education, health, employment, public orderetc. This ultimately prompted the government to make family planning programs to anticipate the rate of population growth. The goverment claimed the the exploding population make the burden of the state will be more and more. In this study, researchers will attempt to study the reproduce generatuon Hadist depend on Gadamer hermeneutical perceptions, namely: First the reader or reviewer must be aware that the reader has its own horizon. Second, the readers have prejudice and hipotesa before reviewing, have assumptions as well. but the assumption must accept to be criticized and even modified according to the text content. Third, called the hermeneutic circle, which combines the horizon of the text with the horizon of the reader because certainly every text naturally has horizon when the text was born. Fourth, the application of the values ​​of the texts studied in the present context. The formulation of the issues raised in this study are: How the application of Gadamer's hermeneutical theory in understanding the Hadist. From this formulation of the problem the researchers found several things in between are: First, the message contained that hadith Rasulullah eager to have a lot of people on the Day of Judgment so that he will be proud of the number of Muslims. Secondly, we must still be applied in the present context because the goal is the number of Muslims in the future.
Peran Pemuda Dalam Pembangunan Bangsa Perspektif Hadis
Authors: Mardiyati Raudatul Himmatil
Published: February 2019

The background of this researchwas by the fact that the role of youth in national development was still low becauseMuslims youth seemslike losing their way, experiencing stagnation of creativity, getting out of their natural rotation, and losing their role models in their lives.At this time many of the Muslims youth are ensnared by the globalization virus that eliminates the extraordinary youth figure throughout the history of Islam. Even that disseminated artists who are product of  temporal world. The impact of losing role modelsis can be imitating bad Western culture.Start from hedonism, wasting money, dating. This research find the results if want to build the people and seek the return of the glory of Islam, Muslim youth will take that role. Youth's active role as a moral force is realized by developing ethical and moral aspects in acting on every dimension of youth life, strengthening faith and piety and mental-spiritual endurance, and increasing legal awareness. One day  glory ofislam was an accumulative work between generations, the triumph of Muslims will never stand only with the blood of one young man, not only with the tears of a young man, not only with the idea of one young man, therefore what is needed by Muslims in the future was not a young man, but a youth union and movement that initiates the unity of Muslims
Panji Hitam Dari Arah Timur
Authors: Herdiansah Dadi
Published: February 2019

One of the information spread about the arrival of the Mahdi priest was that he led the war troops by carrying a black banner from the east. This information comes from several histories in several hadith books. Pro contra has occurred in response to this history. The Muslim groups who believe in the truth of this black banner tradition have flocked from all corners of the world to the Middle East conflict area which is believed and believed there is a group of mujahids carrying black banner as mentioned by the hadith. Even in the conflict area there was mutual claim between the factions that their faction was mentioned by the hadith carrying its black banner, so that even from one another, civil war was not inevitable in some places. But what is the origin of the hadith? This note is the adoptive writer to criticize the hadith by issuing all of his paths with the takhrīj al-hadīth method, Jarh wa ta'dīl and ‘Ilalu al-hadīth.
ISLAMIC LAW VIEWS ON TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN
Authors: Sudrajat Jajat
Published: February 2019

The phenomenon of trafficking of women in Indonesia, which has been going on for quite a long time, but still continues to occur. Currently in the news relating to human trafficking in Indonesia it is increasingly prevalent, from various kinds of known crime activities carried out by individuals and corporations within the borders of a country as well as those carried out across the borders of other countries which are increasing. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the views of Islamic Law concerning the criminal act of trade were not in accordance with maqashid al-syari’ah. Sanctions against traffickers in the form of ta'zir punishment, because there are no clear provisions in the Qur'an and hadith, regarding the form and size of the decision handed over to ijtihad judges or priests who are authorized, the obstacle is that the apparatus is not ready for the elimination of trafficking in women, protection, recovery, repatriation and reintegration, the solution requires a structured, measurable and cross-sectoral and cross-sectoral collaboration between government (Law Enforcement) and the community.
PROPHETIC HADITH IN SUNNI AND SHI’ITE VIEWS: THE ANALYSIS OF HADITH AND TAFSIR SCIENCES
Authors: Nurrohman Muhamad Ridwan
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to conduct a review of the Sunni and Shi'i rationale in looking at hadith. The highlight was about the basic conception of Shi'i which included the words ma'shum of the Imams as part of the 'Prophet's' Hadith which could be believed to be true. Its appearance in the Shi’i reference hadith books also, when viewed from a Sunni perspective, the number is quite problematic. Compared with opinions that are directly based on the Prophet or Ali, these books are actually more dominated by the opinion of the sixth generation Imam (Ja'far as-Sadiq). So, this paper discusses how solid the foundation of the conception is when compared to the famous conception of jumhur in the Sunni tradition.
ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY OF MADRASAH ALIYAH
Authors: Umar Yusuf
Published: February 2019

This article analyzes the concept of strategy management and quality in Madrasah Aliyah. As one of the educational institutions, Madrasah Aliyah really need their own management pattern, especially towards quality education. Philosophically Management in the context of the Madrasah Aliyah underlies a leadership in order to be able to build the life of the Madrasah Aliyah organization by developing a culture called the values ​​of excellence in Islamic teachings. The management organization in the Madrasah Aliyah requires a leader and manager who understand the basic concepts of strategic management and the quality of the Madrasah Aliyah so that the manager has a wise vision and is able to inspire staff / workers and all the community organizations of the Aliyah madrasah. Using the literature survey method, this article reveals that management strategies and quality of the Madrasah Aliyah are specifically useful for determining ways and strategies, so that an organization can be managed effectively and efficiently. With an independent management pattern, it can be found the right way to manage resources, the easiest way to do the work, the cheapest funds to finance work, the shortest time to do the work, the right tools to lighten the burden and shorten the distance to carry out work, and produce quality and quality according to the vision, mission, and goals of Madrasah Aliyah.
Physical and electrochemical properties of mixed electrolyte 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and ethylene carbonate as electrolytes for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Le Linh Thi-My , Vo Thanh Duy , Nguyen Hoang Van , Phung Quan , Tran Man Van , Le Phung My Loan
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Ionic liquids (ILs) have become a prospective candidate to replace the conventional electrolytes based on the volatile organic-solvents in lithium-ion batteries. However, the drawbacks of high viscosity and low ionic conductivity have restricted the high rate capacity and energy density in practical batteries. With the aims to resolve these problems and design a safe electrolytes with high electrochemical stability, mixtures of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (EMITFSI) with different amounts of ethylene carbonate (EC) was prepared and characterized as electrolytes for Li-ion batteries.

Methods: In this work, we investigated four factors to demonstrate the performance of EMITFSI as electrolytes for Li-ion batteries. These factors include: thermal properties of mixed electrolytes (Mettler Toledo DSC1 Star -DSC, Q500-TGA), Conductivity (HP- AC impedance spectroscopy), Viscosity (Ostwald viscometer CANNON) and electrochemical window (cyclic voltammetry-MGP2 Biologic Instrument). All experiments were repeated three times with the exception of TGA-DSC methods.

Results: The study indicated that 20 % wt. ethylene carbonate (EC) when mixed with EMITFSI could significantly decrease the electrolyte viscosity while improving ionic conductivity and maintain similar electrochemical stability as pure ionic liquid. Lithium diffusion coefficient of mixed electrolytes was lower than commercial electrolytes based on conventional solvents, however, the thermal stability was enhanced.

Conclusion: EMITFSI can be used to replace conventional carbonate-based liquids as a high-performance electrolyte for Li-ion batteries.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОНТРОЛЮ І УПРАВЛІННЯ В СИСТЕМАХ ЕЛЕКТРОПОСТАЧАННЯ НАЗЕМНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ
Authors: Рева Вадим Сергеевич , Земляной Константин Николаевич , Фролов Виктор Петрович
Published: February 2019

The article shows the power quality indicators that are most important for electric consumers: high and low voltage, high-voltage pulses, harmonic distortion, unstable voltage, voltage dips. Possible contingencies in power supply systems of the ground complex (PSS GK) connected with a deviation from the norm of the quality of electric power parameters are analyzed. In accordance with this, the power quality indicators that affect the cyclogram of the preparation for the launch of a space rocket (SR), which need to be monitored, are determined. The objects of management of separate components for operational withdrawal from an emergency situation (ES) are considered. In order to improve the PSS structures and improve the quality and reliability of PSS GK, taking into account the operating modes, at the design stages of the power supply system of GK, it is necessary to create and allocate an automated remote control and monitoring system (ARKMS) as a separate structure within PSS NK. The main requirements for the ARKMS providing control of the power parameters at the terminals of the electrical consumers of the process equipment (PE) are determined by monitoring the oscillograms of the AC voltage, the voltage, frequency and the non-sinusoidal voltage of the alternating current voltage. In addition, ARKMS performs registration and display of power supply parameters of electric consumers, monitoring of the operation of PSS as a whole and their components with reference to a single-time system. In case of exceeding the permissible limits of the power quality indicators, ARKMS will allow to take operational measures necessary for parrying contingencies, thanks to the operation of the elements of the power supply system. Information support was provided with the construction of the generally accepted structural block diagram of such systems, on the basis of which the three-level structure of ARKMS is implemented. The algorithm and basic principles of the ARKMS operation in the normal mode and the mode of exceeding the norms of the power quality indicators (PQI) are considered. A brief description of the structure is given, as well as an example of an algorithm for input control of ARKMS.
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ОБСЯГУ НЕРЕЛЯЦІЙНОЇ БАЗИ ДАНИХ ТА ЧАСУ ДОСТУПУ ДО ДАННИХ ПРИ МНОЖИННИХ ЧАСТОТАХ РЕЄСТРАЦІЇ ПАРАМЕТРІВ
Authors: Волков Дмитрий Иванович , Лопунова Нина Николаевна
Published: February 2019

A non-relational database was developed at JSC Element for the recording operating parameters of GTE and systems during the test flight. The database is modernized version of one which is a part of the GTE test bench. The purpose of the database is the recording and analysis of GTE and systems operating parameters. The parameters are measured (collected) with multiple frequencies in range from fractions of Hz to tens of kHz. Number of recorded operating parameters is 1000+. Correspondingly the database file is huge and may reach tens of Gbytes. Number of different parameters recording frequencies is 10…20 (e.g. 20 parameters – 10 Hz, 30 parameters – 50 Hz, 20 parameters – 10000 Hz). Data reading and chart displaying should be possible as right after the test flight as just in parallel with database recording. There should be no significant delays in getting the data displayed independently from the zoom level chosen. The user should see the result in time comparable with time of the displayed chart perception making the user feel the smooth application operating and not interrupting the process of test flight result comprehension – main purpose of our product.However, min-max chart displaying (minimal and maximal value are found to render one-pixel vertical lines) requires processing of all the data for the corresponding time interval. Correspondingly, time to process data depends on that. In order to provide data quickly on user’s actions the sample is read according to the chart horizontal resolution. Then whole the data is processed in background mode to build min-max chart. This dual approach allows to surf the database quickly losing no details when the surfing is stopped.Modern computers and SSD drivers provides high I/O performance. However huge files can be neither quickly read nor stored in RAM. Therefore, to read data in parallel with the recording only the choice is to store the data blocks which are either indexed by the time stamp or fixed size. Our solution is based on fixed size approach with the constant offset of each parameter storing. Size of the block is calculated as least common multiple of all the frequencies the parameters are recorded with. According to our statistic the disk usage rate is 95%. As result the time to display the sample for 2000 timestamps is less than 0.5 sec independently for the database size and the displayed duration of the test flight.