bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinámica Molecular de Biomoléculas
Authors: Palma Juliana , Pierdominici Sottile Gustavo
Published: June 2023

Para cumplir con su función biológica, proteínas y ácidos nucleicos realizan precisos cambios conformacionales. Los mismos, son producidos por la coordinación de pequeñas fluctuaciones ejecutadas por sus átomos. Curiosamente, a simple vista, estos átomos parecen moverse de manera caótica. Las simulaciones de dinámica molecular (MD, por Molecular Dynamics) constituyen una herramienta particularmente versátil para investigar la conexión entre los cuasi-aleatorios movimientos atómicos y los cambios conformacionales. De esta manera, permiten construir puentes que van desde la secuencia a la estructura; y desde allí a la dinámica y la función biológica.Los fundamentos de las simulaciones MD son simples e intuitivos. Sin embargo, al momento de implementar un estudio particular, es posible tomar muchas malas decisiones que no impedirán realizar el cálculo, sino que subrepticiamente harán que sus resultados sean carentes de cualquier valor. En este artículo, presentaremos los conceptos fundamentales de las simulaciones MD, resaltando aquellos aspectos que son críticos para asegurar su utilidad. Además, discutiremos sus fortalezas y limitaciones, destacando cómo las mismas fueron evolucionando con el tiempo. Asimismo, brindaremos ejemplos paradigmáticos que ilustran las capacidades actuales de esta valiosa herramienta computacional.
Melanoma Skin Cancer Segmentation using Robust Multi-View Fuzzy C- Means Algorithm
Authors: P. Kavitha  , Dr. V. Jayalakshmi  , Dr. S. Kamalakkannan
Published: June 2023

Skin cancer has become a significant issue and the primary cause of death for people all over the world. Melanoma is one of the most serious types of skin cancer since it can spread to any area of the body. So, the prognosis of melanoma in its early stages is very important for figuring out how likely it is that the patient will get better. Because of this, clinical imaging science is a very important part of finding certain types of skin lesions quickly and correctly. In this study, we showed a new way to use digital image processing to separate skin lesions in dermoscopic images. First, the image is preprocessed with a median filter to eliminate extra hair, noise, and artefacts in order to create a better image for segmentation. To improve the accuracy of dermoscopic images, the preprocessed images are segmented based on an innovative method built on an improved robust Multiview Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm (RMV-FCM). Following segmentation, features are extracted using the ABCD rule to produce optimal features that may be used as input for classification. Lastly, the Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF), and Nave Bayes classifiers use machine learning techniques to characterize skin lesions as malignant and benign (NB). The RMV-FCM algorithm exhibits more adaptability and higher clustering performance when compared to a variety of related clustering techniques. In terms of detection accuracy, as noted in the conclusion of this research, the novelty of the work shows that RMV-FCM is exceptional in comparison to numerous related clustering algorithms, and SVM is exceptional in comparison to other standard classifiers. The simulated outcome indicates that the suggested strategy accurately diagnoses skin tumors with a 97.5% accuracy rate. The results of the suggested segmentation are extremely accurate when compared to other algorithms in the same domain
EFEITOS DE INTERVENÇÃO FISIOTERAPÊUTICA COM USUÁRIOS HIPERTENSOS DE UMA UNIDADE DA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Loiola Anna Flávia de Freitas , Schmeider Fernanda Eloy , Taques Nilciane , Mazur Caryna Eurich , Bortolanza Marciane Conti Zornita , Uchida Nancy Sayuri
Published: June 2023

Introdução: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) se caracteriza por elevação persistente da pressão arterial acima dos valores preditos de 120 mmHg e de 80 mmHg para as pressões sistólica e diastólica respectivamente. De origem multifatorial, seu tratamento envolve a associação de fármacos anti-hipertensivos, e mudanças no estilo de vida, como cessação de vícios, alimentação balanceada e prática de atividades físicas ou de exercícios físicos regularmente. Dessa forma, o tratamento ideal para hipertensos, abrange diversos profissionais da área da saúde, dentre estes, o Fisioterapeuta, que está habilitado através de diversos métodos e técnicas para dar suporte ao tratamento da hipertensão. Objetivo: Identificar através de um estudo longitudinal de intervenção, o nível de autocuidado de usuários com relação à HAS e os efeitos de uma intervenção com o método Pilates solo na qualidade de sono e de vida, e sobre o controle da pressão arterial. Métodos: A análise final foi composta pelos dados de dez participantes, que durante seis semanas praticaram o método Pilates solo. Resultados: Houve aumento na qualidade de vida do grupo em 31,5%. Duas participantes passaram a apresentar boa qualidade de sono e duas deixaram o status de distúrbio de sono. Não houve alterações significativas na pressão arterial, quando comparados os valores de início e fim da intervenção. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o método Pilates solo é uma estratégia viável e eficiente para o acompanhamento e promoção da saúde de pessoas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica na atenção primária à saúde (APS).
PERSPECTIVAS TERAPÊUTICAS NO TRATAMENTO DA COVID-19 NO BRASIL E NO MUNDO
Authors: Amorim Renan Ferreira , Loose Letícia Vona , Maciel Débora Priscilla Araújo , Furlan Cleber , Sousa Luiz Vinicius de Alcantara , Leitão Francisco Naildo Cardoso
Published: June 2023

Introdução: Os coronavírus são um grupo de vírus de RNA que pertencem à família Coronaviridae amplamente distribuídos em humanos e outros mamíferos. Causam doenças que variam do resfriado comum a doenças mais graves, como pneumonia. Atualmente, está atingindo de forma grave mundo todo, sem ainda terem achado uma cura definitiva. Objetivo: avaliar a segurança das drogas que estão sendo desenvolvidas e testadas no tratamento ao COVID-19 no Brasil e no Mundo. Metodologia: Uma revisão da literatura foi realizada do segundo semestre de 2019 e primeiro semestre de 2020 para identificar o tratamento com fármacos e outras variáveis utilizadas que os pesquisadores do Brasil e do mundo estão testando na população com a intenção de combater o vírus do COVID-19. 14 estudos examinaram intervenções medicamentosas testadas em pacientes que foram infectados pelo vírus em vários locais do mundo. Resultados e discussão: De acordo com as evidências atuais, sugerimos a continuação dos experimentos farmacológicos, evidenciando a cloroquina, hidroxicloroquina a Lopinavir/Ritonavir e o Plasma convalescente como possíveis indicadores para o surgimento de um tratamento definitivo e eficaz ao combate do vírus. Também, foi demonstrado sucesso em outros procedimentos, apesar que em alguns indicadores não se recomenda de acordo de como se encontra o estado de saúde do paciente. Conclusão: As respostas positivas dos pacientes estão variando de caso a caso nesses tratamentos, mas todos obterão resposta em comum, que são a diminuição do tempo de contágio, que nos traz uma perspectiva boa para criar um tratamento eficaz a definitivo para a cura desta enfermidade.
Warship 7
Authors: Mulder Jantinus
Published: June 2023

HNLMS Zuiderkruis (1975-2012) was the second Fast Combat Support Ship of the Royal Netherlands Navy. It was primarily intended for Replenishment At Sea, fueling task groups and NATO units. As a modern design Zuiderkruis enabled a “one stop replenishment” and also carried AVCAT, fresh water and spare parts. A helicopter deck facilitated vertical replenishment.
Warship 9
Authors: Mulder Jantinus
Published: June 2023

The primary role of the Type 42 destroyers was providing air defense for the fleet. With their long-range sensors, the ships could also act as radar pickets, sailing ahead of a task group. HMS Southampton was the eighth ship originally destined to be a 16-ship class – two of these ships have been exported to Argentina. The type 42 comprised eight Batch 1 vessels, four Batch 2 and four Batch 3 Stretched Type 42.
Conjugal Lyric*
Authors: McHugh Shannon
Published: June 2023

Conjugal verse—lyric about marital love, rather than unrequited desire—
is emblematic of Petrarchism’s potential utility for sociohistorical
study. This subgenre was popular in Italy in the wake of the Council of
Trent (1545–1563), following the Church’s renewed emphasis on marriage’s
sanctity. These poems have been mostly excluded from historical
examinations, which focus on dowry contracts, court proceedings, and
wills—documents that tend to present marriage as societally necessary
but personally unfulfilling. Yet conjugal lyric celebrates marriage as a
source of emotional and sexual gratification, demonstrating a shared social
value around marital love in Counter-Reformation Italy, and suggesting
the need to revise the standard scholarly timeline that locates the birth
of love-based marriage in Protestant England.
Surrogacy – a biomedical mechanism in the fight against infertility
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia, Barać Ivana
Published: June 2023

This paper reviews the issue of surrogacy. The author analyzes surrogacy and continues by conducting a comparative overview of two legal systems with different approaches to surrogacy. The analysis first looks at the legal system of Russia, as it represents a country that allows all forms of surrogacy, and then that of Germany, as a country with norms prohibiting all forms of surrogacy. In turn, the author reviews Serbian legal provisions, which also forbid all forms of surrogacy. The paper further explores whether there is justification for such legal provisions, i.e., it pinpoints potential problems that could arise if the legal provisions were to be changed. It is concluded that the Serbian legislator has decided to remain silent on this issue, most probably due to the fact that any amendments could raise questions that, at least for the time being, have no clear answers.
Metodología de entrenamiento de fútbol; 14/15 años. Club Asociación Toros Negros
Authors: José-Martinez Víctor , Castro-Marcelo Rolando
Published: June 2023

La relevancia del constructivismo en la metodología del entrenamiento deportivo se ha denominado “entrenamiento integral”, y se configura como una conducta orientada al aprendizaje cognitivo-motor, que parte de la idea de que cognición y acción están íntimamente asociadas. Partiendo de esta concepción, esta investigación de tipo pre-experimental, con efoque mixto, tiene como objetivo desarrollar una metodología para el entrenamiento de fútbol a través de la competición en jugadores de 14 y 15 años en la asociación de clubes Black Bulls; para el cumplimiento de los objetivos se aplicaron los métodos de observación científica, experimento, análisis-síntesis, modelación y estadístico, así como la técnica de entrevista. Para evaluar la viabilidad de la metodología propuesta se utilizó el criterio de usuario y el pre-experimento; también se empleó la prueba no paramétrica de rangos y pares apareados de Wilcoxon. Se concluye que esta metodología aplicada en el  proceso de entrenamiento del fútbol permite el desarrollo de las capacidades de los jugadores de 14 y 15 años para afrontar las diversidades y complejidades que se dan en el contexto de la competición final.
Importancia de la comprensión lectora en las áreas básicas del aprendizaje
Authors: Granda Asencio Leonela Yajaira , Ordoñez-Ocampos Byron Patricio , Aguirre-Labanda Jonathan Edmundo
Published: June 2023

La comprensión lectora es la base del aprendizaje de las demás áreas del saber. El presente ensayo tiene como objetivo analizar la importancia de la comprensión lectora en las áreas básicas del aprendizaje de la Educación Básica. Para lo cual se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo, sustentada en los métodos revisión documental, hermenéutico y analítico-sintético. Los hallazgos realizados permiten afirmar que es importante el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora para la formación de ciudadanos con “razón y coherencia” en sus interpretaciones; es una capacidad que emerge tras leer un texto; proceso en el cual se construyen significados que involucra operaciones mentales como la atención, secuenciación, procesamiento lógico y memoria. En conclusión, si no hay un buen aprendizaje para decodificar e interpretar los textos, no se pueden esperar buenos resultados en el aprendizaje de las demás áreas curriculares.
Factors influencing the consumer decision-making process regarding green fast-moving consumer goods in the greater Durban area
Authors:   , Dorasamy Bianca
Published: June 2023

There is an urgency regarding climate change. Consequently, environmental consciousness among consumers is more prominent now than in the past. However, although the motives for buying green products have generated scholarly interest due to environmental concerns, there is a gap in the literature in understanding consumer green purchase intention and actual purchase behaviour from developing countries. This study, therefore, aims to develop and test the applicability of green consumption of FMCG products grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and thus address the “attitudes–behaviour” gap documented in the literature from the perspective of South African consumers. A quantitative research approach following a descriptive research design was used to examine the factors influencing consumer purchase intention and the actual behaviour of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods in the Greater Durban Area, South Africa. The study uses non-probability convenient sampling collected from 381 South Africans residing in the greater Durban area of KwaZulu-Natal province. Structural equation modelling was applied in analysing the data. The finding of the study shows that pro-environmental attitude and perceived value (quality) of green FMCG products positively influenced green FMCG purchase intention, which in turn, positively impacted the actual purchase behaviour of green FMCG products. The findings further show that perceived value may be a barrier to green FMCG purchase intention, although the relationship was insignificant. This study provides practical implications for FMCG marketers in their bid to shift from conventional products to green products.
Advancing peace building programs to counter violent extremism messaging in Sidi Moumen District, Morocco
Authors:   , Khebbaz Soufiane
Published: June 2023

Digital platforms and communication tools have transformed the way we seek information and interact with others. Extremist groups are effectively using media to spread their ideas, propagate hate, and mobilize youth. This research examines the role of new media in countering violent extremism, preventing youth radicalization and fashioning political and religious discourse throughout the implementation of the “Youth Leaders for Peace” project. Youth from marginalized urban areas of Casablanca in Morocco were engaged in a participatory action research utilizing the power of new media and technology to build peace, deliver impactful messages, and influence positive change in both online and offline spaces. They worked with civil society organizations to identify, engage, and explore issues critical to the effective use of new media to enhance youth participation in political and civic life in their community. Activities were designed and implemented to encourage marginalized urban youth to participate constructively in countering violent extremism using dialogues about the principles and mechanisms of democracy, civic engagement, political participation, peaceful coexistence, and constructive conflict resolution.
Metode Dakwah Dalam Akun Muhammadnuzuldzikri Di Media Sosial Instagram
Authors: Muhammad Hanin Hasan Basri
Published: June 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui metode dakwah dalam akun muhammadnuzuldzikri di media sosial instagram. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif melalui pendekatan analisis isi (content analysis). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara koding data. Teori yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah use and gratification theory. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode dakwah dalam akun muhammadnuzuldzikri di media sosial instagram berupa metode dakwah melalui poster, video gelar wicara (talk show), video spektrum dan video motion grapich. Dimana setiap dari konten yang disajikan melalui metode dakwah tersebut mengandung pesan-pesan ibadah, muamalah dan akhlak. Menyajikan konten-konten yang dibutuhkan oleh setiap Muslim dalam perkara agama Islam sesuai Al-Qur’an dan Hadis Nabi Shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam.
Analisis Pesan-Pesan Dakwah dalam Hadis Mu'az Radiallahu’anhu dalam Kitab Ṣahih Bukhari
Authors: Manurung Andri Azhar
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pesan-pesan dakwah dalam hadis Mu’az Radiallahu’anhu dalam Kitab Ṣahih Bukhari. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan yang digunakan pendekatan deskriftif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah koding data. Dari penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pesan-pesan dakwah yang ada di dalam hadis Mu’az dalam kitab Ṣahih Bukhari meliputi pesan akidah, syariah (ibadah dan muamalah), dan akhlak. Dimana yang mendominasi pesan diantara tiga pokok ini ialah pesan syariah, yang berjumlah 14 hadis dari 25 sampel yang diambil, berupa 7 hadis atau 28% berisi pesan ibadah dan 7 hadis atau 28% berisi pesan dakwah muamalah, kemudian pesan dakwah akidah sebanyak 8 hadis atau 32%, dan yang terakhir pesan akhlak sebanyak 3 hadis atau 12%.
Civic Babylonian Pride in Vondel’s Mars Tamed
Authors: Korsten Frans-Willem , McGourty Lucy H.G.
Published: June 2023

In 1647, one year ahead of the official celebrations of the Peace of Westphalia, the Dutch poet and playwright Joost van den Vondel published a long panegyric called De getemde Mars (‘Mars Tamed’), a poem fully translated into English for the first time in this article. Despite celebrating the Peace, Vondel did not refrain from presenting extremely violent scenes of war in the middle part of the poem. Surprisingly, however, the war scene shifts from the wars that devastated Europe to a war which Mars wages against Jupiter and his circle of gods. Unable to control Mars, and on the verge of seeing his rule collapse, Jupiter looks for support and finds it in an allegorical maiden representing the Dutch Republic and its main hub Amsterdam. This article argues that the allegory employed by Vondel is set up against itself. The familiar allegorisation of classical material for Christian purposes turns into a baroque allegory that works against principles of theologically underpinned political sovereignty. Here, the poem testifies to a distinct civil pride, with Vondel considering the burgomasters of Amsterdam, which he takes as embodying civil government, as a prominent source of international peace. By 1648, however, the Dutch Republic had also become an imperial and global power that confronted other sovereign states in violent actions. In this context, the poem’s baroque contradictions multiply.
Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea
Authors: Williams Charlotte , Hull Tom , Palmer Matthew , Mahaffey Claire , Greenwood Naomi , Kaiser Jan , Toberman Matthew
Published: June 2023

Abstract. There is an immediate need to better understand and monitor shelf sea dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations. Here we use high-resolution glider observations of turbulence and O2 concentrations to directly estimate the vertical O2 flux into the bottom mixed layer (BML) immediately before the autumn breakdown of stratification in a seasonally stratified shelf sea. We present a novel method to resolve the oxycline across sharp gradients due to slow optode response time and optode positioning in a flow "shadow zone" on Slocum gliders. The vertical O2 flux to the low-O2 BML was found to be between 2.3 to 6.4 mmol m-2 d-1. Episodic intense mixing events were responsible for the majority (up to 90 %) of this oxygen supply despite making up 40 % of the observations. Without these intense mixing events, BML O2 concentrations would approach ecologically concerning levels by the end of the stratified period. Understanding the driving forces behind episodic mixing and how these may change under future climate scenarios and renewable energy infrastructure is key for monitoring shelf sea health.
MULTI-SCALE AND MULTI-SENSOR APPROACHES FOR THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL NATURAL HERITAGE: THE ISLAND OF SANTO SPIRITO IN VENICE
Authors: Martino A. , Gerla F. , Balletti C.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The study of Cultural Natural Heritage (CNH) requires the development of multi-disciplinary and multi-scale methodologies for data recording, representation, and correlation from various platforms such as terrestrial, aerial and satellite sensors. The heterogeneity of geo-databases currently available demands on-site validation and time monitoring to control the phenomena related to climate change that inevitably affect the Cultural Heritage (CH). The pressures stressing the territorial dimension due to climatic changes lead to the decrease of essential resources and burden on the CH. To overcome the lack of information needed at various territorial scales, it becomes necessary to construct detailed and dynamic cognitive frameworks. This paper establishes a multitemporal information framework regarding the case study area, the Island of Santo Spirito in Venice, using several geomatic techniques to investigate the island's ecological significance and constructed heritage. The suggested methodology uses the integration of multitemporal data resulting from the processing of satellite images provided by the Copernicus satellites (Sentinel-2) and data from geomatic documentation techniques. Two separate methods were used in the survey operations: a Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and aerial photogrammetry from Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAV) survey. The integration of satellite, aerial, and terrestrial data has allowed a complete knowledge of the necessary parameters for the monitoring of the CH of the area. In order to manage conservative policy from a preventive perspective and to recreate and digitally visualize missing historical phases, programmed monitoring is a crucial instrument.
COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF TLSS AND MOBILE LIDAR SCANNERS FOR MULTI-SCALE 3D DOCUMENTATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Noguchi A. , Nakamura R. , Takata Y. , Matsuo Y. , Oya Y. , Uchida S.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Field documentation of archaeological sites and built heritage by point-cloud is very effective in yielding arbitrary 3- dimensional shapes of various objects. There are several options for methods and devices such as TLSs, Mobile scanners, and SfM-MVS-based CRP. These are based on different technology, mechanism, and algorithm. Therefore, it is difficult to compare their precision, resolution, and measurement error in the same manner under practical conditions rather than catalog specification. The authors plan and carry out a field experiment of 3D point-cloud measurement in an archaeological site to obtain sample data for comparison between methods and devices under controlled conditions. Through comparative analysis, we evaluate character and advantage, as well as comparative measurement errors between methods and devices, then argue the combined use of different methods and devices under the “Multi-scale 3D scan strategy”.
ENHANCING AUTOMATION OF HERITAGE PROCESSES: GENERATION OF ARTIFICIAL TRAINING DATASETS FROM PHOTOGRAMMETRIC 3D MODELS
Authors: Patrucco G. , Setragno F.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Nowadays, many efficient technologies have been developed with the aim of collecting digital images and other metric data, greatly optimising the acquisition procedures and techniques. However, processing this data can be onerous and time-consuming, and increasingly often, there is a need to develop new strategies to enhance the level of automation of these processes. Using artificial intelligence, and particularly Convolutional Neural Networks, it is possible to automate processing tasks such as classification and segmentation. However, a significant challenge is represented by the necessity of obtaining sufficient training data to properly train a deep learning model. These datasets are composed of a significant amount of data and need to be annotated, which sometimes represents an onerous and challenging task. Synthetic data can represent an effective solution to this problem, significantly reducing the time and effort required to manually create annotated datasets and can be particularly useful when studying objects characterised by specific features and high complexity, requiring tailored solutions and ad hoc training. The presented research explores the opportunity of using synthetic datasets – generated from photogrammetric 3D models – for deep-learning-based heritage digitisation applications. The use of synthetic data generated from textured 3D models derived from SfM photogrammetric processes is proposed, with the aim of enhancing automatic procedures in the framework of heritage processes.
DIGITAL HERITAGE&DESIGN THINKING: THE RAILTOLAND WORKSHOP AS AN INNOVATIVE PRACTICE IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SCENARIO
Authors: Quattrini R. , Ferretti M. , Berrocal A. B. , Zamorano C.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The higher education scenario is constantly evolving and COVID-19 restrictions traced a demarcation line with previous behaviours and practices. Even though the European Commission spends many efforts to monitor the progresses, indicate the challenges as well as to give the perspectives, innovating the way in which we teach, especially about heritage & design, is rarely a priority.The article presents an interdisciplinary learning activity carried out within the RAILtoLAND (RtL) project, a co-funded Erasmus+ project under the Key Action 2 “Cooperation for innovation”. RtL is a collective ideation platform to develop innovative tools to communicate the European Cultural Landscapes by train and it has the goal to explore the social and educational value of the railway landscape as a common heritage and as a catalyst for European identity.The workshop was carried out in the Sub-Apennine area dealing with two complementary and fundamental topics “Digital Heritage & Design Thinking”, experiencing virtual events and innovative practices for the knowledge, narrative and design of heritage and landscape. The workshop stemmed from an interdisciplinary approach: experts in digital cultural heritage, survey and representation techniques, geomatics, and urban and landscape designers brought together their expertise and performed a ground-breaking study activity. The learning activities involved areas in the Marche Region (Italy) through on field activities, and the Porto-Vigo railway line (Portugal-Spain) through the experience of a virtual trip.
A PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION WORKFLOW FOR DIGITIZATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE 14 CENTURY CHURCH OF SV. NIKOLA IN KALOTINA, BULGARIA
Authors: Raykovska M. , Jones K. , Vasilev I.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The church of Sv. Nikola, dated to the mid-14th century, is an important medieval cultural heritage monument with vivid fresco iconography located in the village of Kalotina, Bulgaria. The church consists of a small narthex and a larger naos with an apsidal wall. Much of the decorative details are beginning to degrade which makes the need for documentation of the current state important for preservation. Due to its remote location, public access is limited for both visitors and researchers. During the recent campaign, a workflow was designed with the purpose of obtaining complete documentation of the church. The workflow aimed to be low-cost and relatively quick. Complete photographic documentation was conducted including close-range photogrammetry of the interior and exterior of the church, Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) of a selection of the graffiti within the frescoes, and 360-degree HDR panoramas. Additionally, a field survey of the surrounding area was performed by archaeologists and a geodetic survey which was used for the georeferencing of the photogrammetric 3D models. This detailed workflow developed for this project serves as a case study of a methodology for complete documentation of immovable cultural heritage.
ONLINE COLLABORATION FOR SOUTH-NORTH HISTORIC SITE RECORDING TRAINING OF EMERGING PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Reina Ortiz M. , Golle Cordova K. , Solis Bonilla J. F. , Arellano N. , Santana Quintero M. , Bonomo U.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This contribution offers insights into delivering a Historic Site Recording course entirely over the Internet using video conferencing and sharing tools. The opportunities and challenges will be described, and the approaches used to ensure meeting realistic learning outcomes by offering a meaningful student experience will provide digital tools and cloud services. The classroom was staged at the students’ homes. Immediate surroundings of their countries in Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Guatemala, Peru, and Mexico), and the teachers were based in Santiago (Chile), Ibague (Colombia), Barcelona (Spain), and Ottawa (Canada) and video conferencing, collaboration tools and social media made the connections. Two introductory courses for 13 weeks were delivered, followed by an advanced course in heritage recording tools. At the end of the introductory course, students provided a heritage recording proposal for a site in their own countries.
MACHINE LEARNING FOR THE DOCUMENTATION, PREDICTION, AND AUGMENTATION OF HERITAGE STRUCTURE DATA
Authors: Rihal S. , Assal H.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The paper presents an effort to develop learning models based on the massive amounts of data that has been accumulated over the past decades during the process of digital documentation of heritage structures around the globe especially those in disaster zones.The development of an ontology is proposed that describes heritage buildings, their sites, and major hazard events that may cause damage to them. This ontology can serve as a repository for documenting heritage structures and provide highly structured data for developing machine learning systems that can identify patterns of damage from recorded image data. For heritage structures in seismic zones, the first step in ontology development is analyzing available earthquake information about the event and the damage information. The resulting model will create links between information items, for example relating the extent of the damage of an element to the earthquake magnitude and its distance from the epicenter. The ontology may also include collected images from previous earthquake events, with links to the objects in each image. Special tools will focus on selecting sub-models to be included in a machine learning model. For example, if the learning objective is to identify the damage and its extent from an image, then the rules will select the features in the model that relate to structural damage and identify each type of damage. It is hoped that this work will help develop learning systems that speed up processing of large volumes of image damage data collected from heritage sites.
DOCUMENTATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION OF BUILT CULTURAL HERITAGE IN CENTRAL ASIA: THE ERAMCA PROJECT
Authors: Rinaudo F. , Abrahamczyk L. , Penava D. , Usmanov S. , Anvarova G. , Hidirov M. , Niyazov J. , Usmonov S.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The ERASMUS+ initiative funded, in 2019, a Capacity Building project named ERAMCA (Environmental Risk Assessment and Mitigation in Central Asia) to build up a study plan at the Master of Science level (120 ECTS in 2 academic years) open to Architects, Civil, Building, and Environmental Engineers to build-up a new generation of professionals able to work in a team with different specialities to document Cultural Heritage assets by considering environmental risks. These new professionals will be able to set up the helpful basic knowledge to plan future actions of preservation and enhancement by following the most recent development in the restoration field at the international level.The ERAMCA project started with a survey of the basic knowledge of architects and engineers in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan on the documentation of natural and anthropic risks.By considering the common knowledge, the Partners of the ERAMCA project (3 European Universities from Italy, Germany, and Croatia and 4 Universities from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan) realised a study plan by concentrating the teaching activity on the following disciplines: Geomatics, Restoration, Structure and Seismic Engineering, Hydrogeology and Geotechnics.ERAMCA project is in its last year of activity, and the final results can be presented and discussed among the Cultural Heritage Documentation community to offer possible suggestions for future actions to diffuse documentation strategies.
FROM DATA TO TANGIBLE MODELS: CASE STUDY OF A VAULT IN THE ROYAL RESIDENCE OF VENARIA REALE
Authors: Rinaudo F. , Scolamiero V. , Zich U. , Pavignano M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Framed on a wider research project that investigates Geometry as a cultural substrate and shared language for the comprehension of Architecture and its shapes, the presented research focuses on the geometric analysis and dissemination actions of a vault of the Royal Residence of Venaria Reale, designed by Benedetto Alfieri in the XVIII century. The vault is the only one offering to visitors’ sight both its intrados and extrados surfaces. We propose an interdisciplinary approach that uses Geometry both as qualifying intangible heritage of the built shapes and as a language transversal to observation and survey, return of data and their interpretation from a dissemination point of view. To achieve this, we propose an innovative use of physical models, both in their meaning of object to be explored and in that of their design, between prototyping and seriality. Interaction between public and physical models becomes a way to promote critical shape-reading activities and to enhance spatial visualization abilities by their haptic/visual exploration, to recognize 3D built geometry and to explore architecture from different a point of view, getting closer to its shapes.
SURVEY, DIAGNOSTICS, MONITORING METHODOLOGY AND DIGITAL TWIN FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE FACADE OF THE CHURCH OF SANTA MARIA DI NAZARETH IN VENICE
Authors: Rocca I. , Forti I. , D’Acunto G. , Saetta A.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This contribution aims to illustrate the experimental research linked to the restoration concluded in 2018 for the conservation of the façade of the Santa Maria di Nazareth church in Venice and the ongoing monitoring methodology for the evaluation of its conservation state over time. The baroque façade is unique in Venice as it is entirely made of Carrara marble, a limestone with a saccharoid structure which has proved over the centuries unsuitable for the aggressive lagoon climate, given the complex architectural conformation and the unfavourable environmental conditions in which the façade is inserted.The state of conservation of the marble at the beginning of the last worksite showed widespread and worrying degradation in many parts, especially in the more protruding ones: in fact, the stone surface reached detachment and pulverization by simple contact. The ultimate goal was to achieve a compatible and retractable conservative restoration for a possible improvement of the conservative results over time and also to facilitate an effective retrieval of scientific data in case of future interventions. With this aim, once the construction site was completed, a survey campaign with the purpose of reproducing a digital twin through 3D modelling was planned, to monitor the façade to have an exhaustive knowledge of the possible vulnerabilities present, with the involvement of the VIDE laboratory of IUAV University of Venice. A data acquisition protocol has been developed for the preservation of cultural heritage, thus guaranteeing an uninterrupted knowledge of the material degradation and of the structural situation.
3D SURVEY FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: LARGO DA MEMORIA IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL
Authors: Rolim M. S. , Maietti F. , Rossato L.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. With the broadening of the concept of Cultural Heritage - which now, in addition to great monuments, also includes urban cores, landscapes and intangible manifestations - the possibilities for heritage conservation actions have also expanded. Nowadays, in a globalised world immersed in technologies that are evolving with astonishing rapidity, precisely technological innovation can be an important ally for the enhancement of historic public spaces.On the occasion of the bicentenary of the placement of the existing obelisk in the “Largo da Memória” public space (in the centre of São Paulo), a three-dimensional survey pilot project was carried out in cooperation with local municipality. One of the objectives of this project was to develop an example of “good practices” for the conservation of urban space and a possible benchmark for the use of digital data by local technicians avoiding expansive software and hardware solutions. Thus, the three-dimensional survey of the area helped to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimisation of the integrated procedure, taking into consideration the importance of the public space of the Largo, at the intersection of Xavier de Toledo and Quirino de Andrade streets. Technology transfer actions played an important role within the whole process, enabling further evaluations for the conservation of the place by local authorities.
HBIM-BASED INFORMATION SHARING FOR THE EXCHANGE AND SAFEGUARD OF MODELLING EXPERTISE
Authors: Rosignoli O.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This paper demonstrates an approach for sharing and safeguarding modelling expertise based on the use of Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM). The approach involves the exchange of information between subjects involved in the creation of HBIM models, an exchange enhanced by Semantic Web Technologies.HBIM datasets usually contain rich and detailed information about historic buildings and their construction; this experiment, in a slightly unusual way, deals with another type of information regarding something that happens in the background during the definition of an HBIM model: the procedures that create the complex three-dimensional geometries typical of historical architecture. This kind of information does not usually live inside BIM models and is even less likely the subject of semantic enrichment. It is however beneficial to record and make available this kind of information for several reasons, discussed in the text.
INTEGRATED 3D ACQUISITION OF COMPLEX WOODEN ARTEFACTS: THE PIFFETTI'S LIBRARY IN QUIRINALE PALACE (ROME)
Authors: Russo M. , Spallone R. , Senatore L. J. , Flenghi G. , Morozzi L.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Integrated surveying with active and passive systems is a well-established process for understanding artifacts at different scales and levels of complexity. But some acquisition problems still exist, related to the presence of non-optically cooperating materials, reflective surfaces, and non-homogeneous and uncontrolled illumination conditions. Especially in these cases, the integration between different 3D acquisition techniques allows us to test the response of different instruments concerning the boundary conditions, going to compare the results. This activity highlights the pros and cons of each technique, identifying the right balance for future applications with the same conditions. The case study analyzed in the article is the Piffetti Library, a wooden work from the first half of the 1800s present at the Quirinale Palace (Rome). The artifact shows multiple levels of environmental complexity (small space with movement constraints and uncontrollable light), and it is composed of several wood pieces with a very glossy finish. The presence of shelving, free-form surfaces, and sculptural details requires careful planning to survey the artifact with consistent resolution. The use of different active and passive acquisition methods is tested, defining an integrated methodology coherent with the complexity of the artifact and the context in which it is positioned. The dual purpose is to define a possible replicable protocol, arriving at the definition of reliable 3D data for subsequent analysis and virtual reconstructions.
ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE 3D MODELLING USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES MULTI-VIEW IMAGING
Authors: Samadzadegan F. , Dadrass Javan F. , Zeynalpoor Asl M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Today, Architectural Heritage 3D models are created using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) imagery and processing through Computer Vision (CV) methods. They are becoming more acceptable as reliable sources for study, documentation, diagnostics, intervention planning, monitoring, and management decision-making. The Deir-e-Kaj caravanserai, located in Qom, Iran, is a massive and half-destroyed architectural heritage that belongs to the Seljuk era. The obstructed access due to illegal deep excavations and the extensive demolished structure did not allow for a complete mapping using traditional and terrestrial techniques. Considering the condition and vulnerability of the artifact, it looks necessary to use a safe, non-destructive, and remote method for 3D documenting. The literature review shows in most of the research UAVs are used for acquiring nadir images, which are combined with the terrestrially acquired data for complete 3D modelling. In this case, a multi-view UAV imaging strategy is considered for the as-is 3D modelling of Deire-e-Kaj. Three different imaging angles are designed and used to carry out the comprehensive and all-needed data acquisition. The nadir images are acquired to cover the plan and enclosure, and the horizontal and oblique images cover the façades and interior spaces of the artifact. Adopting a suitable photogrammetric process based on the SfM workflow allows for obtaining an accurate, high-quality, and textured 3D model of the caravanserai. Accuracy evaluation of the result using Ground Control Points shows a total accuracy of ±1 cm. This study demonstrates the efficiency of multi-view UAV photogrammetry as a rapid, safe, and precise method to create a complete 3D model of massive, hard-to-access, and vulnerable Architectural Heritage.
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MODEL OPTIMIZATION IN DIGITALIZATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE: YEDIKULE FORTRESS
Authors: Sancak N. , Uzun F. , Turhan K. , Saraoğlu Yumni H. K. , Özer D. G.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The idea of "digitalization of architectural heritage" has recently gained prominence to represent architectural and historical assets. With all these potentials, this study aims to create optimized models that can be used in serious gaming environments by presenting a method of photogrammetry. As a case study, Yedikule Fortress and its surroundings, which have a multi-layered structure that includes many cultural aspects such as Byzantine, Ottoman, and Republican periods in the historical process, have been studied within the scope of digitizing the architectural heritage to create an optimized model for gaming environments. The study was methodologically constructed in three phases: Photogrammetry, polygon modeling, and low poly/high poly baking process. The fortress and its surroundings are modeled using a high-detail point cloud and a high-poly mesh using aerial photogrammetry. The high-poly model was taken as a reference and transferred into a low-poly model as a mesh map, texture, and light characteristics. This allowed the high poly model to operate more efficiently and effectively in game engines. As a result, the study created a detailed and optimized model for the game engines to produce serious games specific to light and texture data, to be used on devices that support mixed reality (MR) technologies.
EVALUATION OF A SLAM-BASED POINT CLOUD FOR DEFLECTION ANALYSIS IN HISTORIC TIMBER FLOORS
Authors: Sánchez-Aparicio L. J. , Villanueva-Llauradó P. , Sanz-Honrado P. , Aira-Zunzunegui J. R. , Pinilla Melo J. , González-Aguilera D. , Oliveira D. V.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This paper aims at evaluating the possibility of using wearable mobile mapping solutions as a tool for detecting deflections in timber floors. These construction systems are prone to present this type of damage due to the mechanical properties of the wood (relatively low flexural stiffness and creep behaviour). During this study we have evaluated the chance of introducing an additional stage to the general workflow. This stage is devoted to reduce the noise of the 3D point cloud by using the Statistical Outlier Removal filter in combination with a noise-reduction filter such as the Anisotropic filter, the PointCleannet or the Scored-based denoised networks (Deep Learning methods). According with our results, the use of this strategies improves the quality of the 3D point cloud form a qualitative and quantitative point of view. However, these improvements seem to be not sufficient for using this product as a universal source of information for deflection analysis. In this sense, and according with the sensor and study case exploited, this type of point clouds could be used in floors with 5-8-meter length and a relative deflection of about L/200 or higher.
BSDD TO DOCUMENT STATE OF PRESERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN OPEN-HBIM SYSTEMS
Authors: Scandurra S. , di Luggo A.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This research explores the possibility of structuring an OpenBIM process useful to work in the BIM ecosystem also for cultural heritage and historical architecture, independent of any specific software and overcoming the difficulties arising from the unique characteristics of these artefacts. The main focus of this work is the use of bSDD as a methodology to add specific information on state of preservation of surfaces and materials directly to BIM models, making it shareable and readable in any IFC viewer.The complexity of historical architecture and the importance of information about its conservation status, puts higher requirements on the level of development of (H)BIM models and its possibility to realize a better interoperability among multiple disciplines and different software solution.To date, there is still no single, recognised, and accepted solution that allows information on the state of preservation of historical artefacts to be documented in BIM according to shared and open workflows. In this respect, the research proposes an ordered organisation - with the use of bSDD - of all decay information present in thesauri, vocabularies, ontologies and official regulations, making it possible to use it according to a predefined process.The testing operation used as a case study Villa Matarazzo, a historic house located in Ercolano (Naples, Italy).