bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspirin and Growth of Small Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Weng Jian-Cong , Wang Jie , Li Hao , Jiao Yu-Ming , Fu Wei-Lun , Huo Ran , Yan Zi-Han , Xu Hong-Yuan , Zhan Jiong , Wang Shuo , Du Xin , Cao Yong , Zhao Ji-Zong ,   on behalf of the Small Unruptured Aneurysms Study Group
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:

The role of aspirin in unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) growth remains largely unknown. We aim to identify whether aspirin is associated with a lower rate of UIA growth in patients with UIA <7 mm.

Methods:

This prospective cohort study consecutively enrolled patients with UIAs <7 mm with ischemic cerebrovascular disease between January 2016 and December 2019. Baseline and follow-up patient information, including the use of aspirin and blood pressure level, were recorded. Patients were considered aspirin users if they took aspirin, including standard- and low-dose aspirin, ≥3× per week. The primary end point was aneurysm growth in any direction or an indisputable change in aneurysm shape.

Results:

Among the 315 enrolled patients, 272 patients (86.3%) underwent imaging examinations during follow-up (mean follow-up time, 19.6±12.7 months). A total of 113 patients were continuously treated with aspirin. UIA growth occurred in 31 (11.4%) patients. In the multivariate Cox analysis, specific aneurysm locations (anterior communicating artery, posterior communicating artery, or middle cerebral artery; hazard ratio, 2.89 [95% CI, 1.22–6.88];
P
=0.016) and a UIA size of 5 to <7 mm (hazard ratio, 7.61 [95% CI, 3.02–19.22];
P
<0.001) were associated with a high risk of UIA growth, whereas aspirin and well-controlled blood pressure were associated with a low risk of UIA growth (hazard ratio, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.11–0.77];
P
=0.013 and hazard ratio, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.10–0.66];
P
=0.005, respectively). The cumulative annual growth rates were as high as 40.0 and 53.3 per 100 person-years in the high-risk patients (>1 risk factor) with and without aspirin, respectively.

Conclusions:

Aspirin therapy and well-controlled blood pressure are associated with a low risk of UIA growth; the incidence of UIA growth in high-risk patients in the first year is high, warranting intensive surveillance in this patient group.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02846259.
Nurse is Closer to Woman than Surgeon? Mitigating Gender-Biased Proximities in Word Embeddings
Authors: Kumar Vaibhav , Bhotia Tenzin Singhay , Kumar Vaibhav , Chakraborty Tanmoy
Published: September 2020

Word embeddings are the standard model for semantic and syntactic representations of words. Unfortunately, these models have been shown to exhibit undesirable word associations resulting from gender, racial, and religious biases. Existing post-processing methods for debiasing word embeddings are unable to mitigate gender bias hidden in the spatial arrangement of word vectors. In this paper, we propose RAN-Debias, a novel gender debiasing methodology that not only eliminates the bias present in a word vector but also alters the spatial distribution of its neighboring vectors, achieving a bias-free setting while maintaining minimal semantic offset. We also propose a new bias evaluation metric, Gender-based Illicit Proximity Estimate (GIPE), which measures the extent of undue proximity in word vectors resulting from the presence of gender-based predilections. Experiments based on a suite of evaluation metrics show that RAN-Debias significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art in reducing proximity bias (GIPE) by at least 42.02%. It also reduces direct bias, adding minimal semantic disturbance, and achieves the best performance in a downstream application task (coreference resolution).
New Zealand Case Studies to Test the Meaning and Use of Article 5 of the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
Authors: Henaghan Mark
Published: September 2020

Article 5 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child recognises the importance of parents and wider family members in ensuring that children are given appropriate directions on their rights in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. This paper analyses the wording of Article 5 and four New Zealand case studies to test the possible interpretations of Article 5. The paper builds on the work of Landsdown and Kamchedzera (Landsdown, 2005; Kamchedzera, 2012) who have done previous comprehensive analyses of the ambit and significance of the wording in Article 5. Article 5, like all international instruments, is not designed to provide prescriptive answers to challenging problems where there is a clash of which rights should prevail for children in particular situations. The central theme of this paper is that where there is a clash of a child’s rights, the tiebreaker should be which right in the particular situation will best enhance the unique identity of a particular child. The paper draws on the work of Ronen (Ronen, 2004) which argues that the purpose of a child’s rights framework is so the child can construct their individualised identity which is authentic and real for that particular child. The New Zealand case studies have been chosen to exemplify particular aspects of Article 5 and see how they are played out in particular court settings and whether the outcome enhances or inhibits the child’s opportunity to develop their unique identity.
“Evolving Capacities” and “Parental Guidance” in The context of Youth Justice
Authors: Kilkelly Ursula
Published: September 2020

Article 5 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (uncrc) is a pivotal children’s rights provision, which recognises the ‘responsibilities, rights and duties of parents’ to provide ‘appropriate direction and guidance’ to the child in the exercise of his/her rights, in a manner consistent with ‘the evolving capacities of the child’. Underpinning children as holders of rights, Article 5 bridges the gap between children who require parental support to exercise their rights and those who are capable of exercising them on their own behalf. There has been limited consideration of Article 5 to date and even less in specific contexts like juvenile justice. The uncrc has particular relevance to children in conflict with the law where issues of criminal responsibility, capacity and the role of parents are central. This article explores the application of Article 5 by querying the relevance of the principle of “evolving capacities” to children in conflict with the law and to the exercise of children’s rights in the criminal justice system. It considers what role, if any, ‘the responsibilities, rights and duties’ of parents have in such proceedings while addressing, more generally, whether Article 5 adds value to the child’s rights approach to youth justice.
Assessing Children’s Capacity
Authors: Daly Aoife
Published: September 2020

This article seeks to reconceptualise approaches to assessing children’s capacity, particularly in light of Article 5 of the crc, which enshrines the principle of the evolving capacities of the child. Professionals regularly assess children’s capacity, for example when doctors treat children, or when lawyers represent child clients. They usually do this assessment intuitively however, as there is little guidance on how assessment should work in practice. Medical law in England and Wales serves as a case study to examine law and practice as well as challenges in the area. It is concluded that it may not necessarily be possible objectively to measure children’s capacity, and it may need to be done intuitively. Yet it should be done via a process which is rights-based. An approach to children’s capacity is proposed through four concepts based on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: Autonomy, Evidence, Support and Protection.
A review of Megalogomphus sumatranus (Krüger, 1899) and its allies in Sundaland with a description of a new species from Borneo (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae)
Authors: DOW RORY A. , PRICE BENJAMIN W.
Published: September 2020

Megalogomphus sumatranus (Krüger, 1899) and its allies in Sundaland are reviewed. The accessory genitalia of the males of this genus, hardly considered previously, are found to be taxonomically informative. The taxon from Borneo previously treated as M. sumatranus is described from both sexes as M. buddi sp. nov. (holotype ♂ Sungai Datai, Nanga Bloh, Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary, Kapit Division, Sarawak, Malaysia, 22 viii 2013, leg. J. anak Awan & M. anak Adau; deposited at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands). Megalogomphus borneensis (Laidlaw, 1914), described as a subspecies of M. icterops (Martin, 1903) and subsequently relegated to the synonymy of that species, is considered to be a distinct species. Megalogomphus icterops is however considered to be a junior synonym of M. sumatranus. A re-description of the holotype of Megalogomphus borneensis is provided as is the first description of the female. Descriptive notes with illustrations of Megalogomphus sumatranus are given.
Trichoptera and Plecoptera of the Seybouse River, northeast Algeria: Distribution, phenology and new records
Authors: SAMRAOUI BOUDJÉMA , BOUHALA ZINEB , GARCIA ANTONIO RUIZ , MÁRQUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ JOAQUÍN , FERRERAS-ROMERO MANUEL , EL-SEREHY HAMED A. , SAMRAOUI FARRAH
Published: September 2020

The stoneflies and caddisflies of North Africa are still poorly known as vast areas of Algeria have yet to be investigated. A survey of the macroinvertebrates of the Seybouse River, northeast Algeria, was carried out from July 2014 to December 2016. Three species of stoneflies (Capnopsis schilleri, Capnioneura petitpierreae, and Tyrrhenoleuctra tangerina) and five taxa of caddisflies (Mesophylax aspersus, Hydropsyche maroccana, H. resmineda, H. artax/lobata, and H. gr. pellucidula) were identified. All taxa are new records to the Seybouse River and seven of them are new to northeastern Algeria. A multivariate analysis indicated that the Hydropsychidae exhibited a clear longitudinal gradient along the Seybouse River while Mesophylax aspersus seemed adapted to species-poor, intermittent streams. Further investigations of the stoneflies and caddisflies may inform conservation efforts and will prove useful to monitor the Seybouse River and similarly threatened North African rivers and streams.
Discovery of the genus Cycloxenus Arrow, 1925 (Coleoptera, Euxestidae) in mainland China, with the description of a new species
Authors: JIANG RI-XIN , LIU HAO-YI , ŚLIPIŃSKI ADAM , WANG SHUO
Published: September 2020

The termitophilous genus Cycloxenus Arrow (Coleoptera, Euxestidae) is reported from mainland China for the first time. A new species, Cycloxenus guangxiensis sp. nov., is described from Guangxi Province, China. The new species lives in nests of a fungus-growing termite (Odontotermes sp.) where it can be collected in the fungus gardens of the termite colony. The new species is compared with its congeners and new biological information for the genus Cycloxenus is provided. An identification key to all known Cycloxenus species is also provided.
New species and notes on Chinese species of the genus Misolampidius (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Cnodalonini)
Authors: JIANG RI-XIN , HOU JIA-LIN , WANG SHUO
Published: September 2020

A new species of the genus Misolampidius Solsky, 1875, Misolampidius qiaoweipengi sp. nov. from Henan, China, is described. In addition, supplementary descriptions for Misolampidius tentyrioides Solsky, 1876, M. qianshanensis Li, 1992 and M. satoi Masumoto, Akita & Utsunomiya, 2003 are provided.
Neoantigen Detection in Postoperative Colorectal Cancer Patients by Next-Generation Sequencing and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhu Ying , Hu Bo , Zhang Siyu , Su Meng , Ge Zuanmin , Gao Lanlan , Guo Yong , Huang Changxin
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims: The new antigens are considered to be the best targets for anti-tumor T-cell immunity and individualized cancer immunotherapy strategies. The aim of this study is to explore tumor-specific neoantigen peptides produced by exon mutations of differentially expressed
genes in postoperative colorectal cancer and their bioinformatics characteristics. Methods: The whole-genome sequencing of the tumor and paracancerous tissues and human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) alleles of the tumor tissues was first detected by nextgeneration sequencing (NGS),
tumor nascent antigen peptides were then predicted and identified according to exon mutations using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and finally the affinity of nascent peptides with respective HLA I was calculate using NETMHC 4.0 Server. Differentially expressed genes producing
neoantigens in colorectal cancer tissues were detected and the relationship between these genes and immune cells was screened through TIMER website. The mutation frequency and type of these genes were explored through CBioPortal website. The relationship between these genes and disease-free
survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in colorectal cancer patients was explored through GEPIA website. Results: A total of 7 tumor-specific neoantigen peptides were identified from 4 patients, of which 3 showed certain affinity with HLA I. Frame-shift deletion, non frame-shift insertion
and non frame-shift deletion were three main mutation types of exons. Most of the above-mentioned genes were differentially expressed in colorectal cancer, and some genes tended to express Individually in colorectal cancer. In addition to the type and amount of immune cells infiltrated in
the tumor stroma, the expression intensity of these genes was also correlated with DFS and OS of colorectal cancer patients. Conclusion: The above results suggest that the type and number of tumor-specific neoantigens may be related to DFS and OS in postoperative colorectal cancer patients,
and help predict the risk of postoperative recurrence, metastasis and prognosis.
Medical Image Analysis and Correlation Between Ankle Fracture Classification and Ankle Computed Tomography
Authors: Teng Yugang , Zhang Yuanzhen , Wang Zhenyu
Published: September 2020

Objective: In this paper, we summarize computed tomography (CT) manifestations and characteristics of ankle fractures, and analyze the relationship between CT images and common ankle fracture classifications. Methods: A retrospective survey of 369 adult ankle fractures
was performed. CT images of 1 cm horizontal cross-section above the ankle points and their characteristics were analyzed. Ankle fracture X-ray classification was performed, and the relationship between CT images and fracture X-ray classification was analyzed. Results: There is a correlation
between CT images and Danis-Weber classification. The incidence of IOL fractures varies with the severity of Danis-Weber classification. After rank correlation test, the difference is statistically significant (Spearman R = 0.781,P < 0.001). CT images can detect IOL fractures
that cannot be judged by X-ray fracture classification, and the incidence rate is 5.9%. Conclusions: The 1 cm horizontal cross-section CT image on the ankle point can clearly determine the combined tibiofibular IOL injury before surgery, and it has a good correlation with the Danis-Weber
fracture classification, and can detect unexplainable IOL fractures in some radiographs.
Management of Severe Pulmonary Infection Based on Computed Tomography Examination Procedures
Authors: You Deyuan , Chen Qionghua , Lai Qingquan , Liu Yuqi , Sun Xuri , Wan Zili , Xin Fupin
Published: September 2020

Objective: In order to shorten the time of diagnosis and reduce the risk of examination for patients with severe pulmonary infection, the inspection process of patients with severe pulmonary infection is managed in a cluster. Methods: We design and make "assistance bed,"
optimize the inspection process, and compare the total time of inspection and the number of escorts for patients with severe pulmonary infection in the "assistance bed" and traditional inspection groups. We statistically compiled the number of complications, and patient satisfaction, and compare
the CT examination of the two groups of patients. Patients surveyed included those contacted with lobar pneumonia, lobular pneumonia, and viral pneumonia. Results: The "assistance bed" group was significantly shorter than the traditional examination group in the total time to go out
(16.5 ± 1.4 min vs. 28.1 ± 2.6 min, P < 0.05), and the number of complications was significantly less than the traditional group (4 times 0 times). (P <0.05), which significantly improved the satisfaction of patients' families (78.4% vs. 97.3%, P <0.05),
and the CT examination of the patients was also better than the traditional group. The differences were statistically significant, and the number of escorts going out could be reduced by 1 compared with the traditional group. Conclusions: The use of "assistance bed" for transportation
of patients with severe pulmonary infection and the centralized management of the inspection process are beneficial to reducing the time of going out for inspection, reducing complications, reducing the number of transport escorts and improving patient satisfaction.
Decision Model of Design for Elderly Wearable Health Monitoring Products Based on Quality Function Deployment and Analytic Network Process
Authors: Zhu Lin
Published: September 2020

Facing the current situation of aging society, the health of the elderly has once again become an important issue related to people's livelihood. Aiming at the health problems of the elderly, with the improvement of science and technology, a series of wearable health monitoring products
targeted at the elderly have gradually appeared. In order to accurately provide the elderly with a good experience in the interaction of wearable health monitoring products, this article obtains the needs of the elderly according to the research content of ergonomics, and addresses the needs
of the elderly from their physical, psychological and Three angles of interaction were classified; then based on the demand, a Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method was used to build a house of quality model, which transformed the needs of the elderly into design requirements, and combined
with Analytic Network Process (ANP) to build a model evaluation index system. Combining the house of quality model with the network analysis method, so that the advantages of the ANP method can be fully utilized, the shortcomings of the QFD method can be overcome, and the degree of interaction
between factors in the index system can be better reflected, so that the attribute weights given are more reasonable. Finally, a fuzzy QFDANP method model for the selection and modification of such product design schemes is constructed, which not only avoids the subjective and unreasonable
factors of the initial requirements acquisition of the product design, but also can target the applicability requirements of the product functions and structure Modifications provide clear goals for the design and selection of design options for such products. The validity and practicability
of the method are verified by examples.
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Differential Diagnosis of the Renal Oncocytoma
Authors: Kong Weihui , Liu Yanjie , Chen Yueqin , Wang Linsheng , Wang Yuhong , Gao Ti
Published: September 2020

Objective: To discuss the imaging features of renal oncocytoma, and to improve the preoperative diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Radiology data of 16 renal oncocytoma patients were analyzed retrospectively. All the cases were confirmed by pathology. All patients underwent
pre-contrast and multiple phase contrast scanning on multi-slice CT. The patients also underwent MRI examination. Results: All patients had solitary lesion, the location of oncocytoma were in right kidney (n = 9) and left kidney (n = 7). Round or round-like shape, clear
boundary, protruding mass. Isodense or slightly higher density on CT pre-contrast scanning, among them, 2 cases developed into the renal sinus, 2 cases with calcification. 13 lesions showed obvious enhancement on the cortical phase, and on the medullary phase showed continuous enhancement.
4 lesions showed segmental enhancement inversion and central stellate scar was found in 8 lesions. Bleeding, necrosis, cystic change or fatty change was rare. 9 lesions showed tortuous expansion of the support vessel on the cortical phase, 6 lesions with invasion to the perirenal fat tissue.
In our study, 3 samples of lesions underwent MR examination, which showed iso/hypo-intensity on T1WI. On T2WI, 1 lesion showed slightly lower signal, 2 lesion showed mixed signal. Clear pseudocapsule was revealed in MR imaging. Enhanced scan showed mild continuous enhancement. Conclusion:
Most of the oncocytomas showed certain characteristic imaging, multiple phase contrast scanning are helpful in the accurate preoperative diagnosis.
Antitumor activity of the dual BET and CBP/EP300 inhibitor NEO2734
Authors: Spriano Filippo , Gaudio Eugenio , Cascione Luciano , Tarantelli Chiara , Melle Federica , Motta Giovanna , Priebe Valdemar , Rinaldi Andrea , Golino Gaetanina , Mensah Afua Adjeiwaa , Aresu Luca , Zucca Emanuele , Pileri Stefano , Witcher Michael , Brown Bill , Wahlestedt Claes , Giles Francis , Stathis Anastasios , Bertoni Francesco
Published: September 2020

Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CBP), and the E1A-binding protein of p300 (EP300) are important players in histone acetylation. Preclinical evidence supports the notion that small molecules targeting these proteins individually or in combination can elicit antitumor activity. Here, we characterize the antitumor activity of the pan BET/CBP/EP300 inhibitor NEO2734 and provide insights into its mechanism of action through bromodomain-binding assays, in vitro and in vivo treatments of cancer cell lines, immunoblotting, and transcriptome analyses. In a panel of 60 models derived from different tumor types, NEO2734 exhibited antiproliferative activity in multiple cell lines, with the most potent activity observed in hematologic and prostate cancers. Focusing on lymphoma cell lines, NEO2374 exhibited a pattern of response and transcriptional changes similar to lymphoma cells exposed to either BET or CBP/EP300 inhibitors alone. However, NEO2734 was more potent than single-agent BET or CBP/EP300 inhibitors alone. In conclusion, NEO2734 is a novel antitumor compound that shows preferential activity in lymphomas, leukemias, and prostate cancers.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after prior targeted therapy for high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Kim Haesook T. , Shaughnessy Conner J. , Rai Sharmila C. , Reynolds Carol , Ho Vincent T. , Cutler Corey , Koreth John , Gooptu Mahasweta , Romee Rizwan , Nikiforow Sarah , Armand Philippe , Alyea Edwin P. , Antin Joseph H. , Wu Catherine J. , Soiffer Robert J. , Ritz Jerome , Brown Jennifer R.
Published: September 2020

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) can cure previously treated high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients if they are suitable for transplant through the graft-versus-leukemia effect. However, since the emergence of targeted therapies, the role of alloHCT for high-risk CLL is less clear. To address this question, we evaluated 108 high-risk CLL patients who underwent alloHCT from 2010 to 2018. Thirty patients from the period of 2013 to 2018 received targeted therapy prior to alloHCT. The median age for the targeted therapy cohort was 60 years (range, 30-71 years), and 20% and 73% had complete and partial remission, respectively: 76% had del(17p), 46.2% had 5 or more cytogenetic abnormalities, and 78.9% were IGHV unmutated. The median number of prior therapies was 4 (range, 1-9). With a median follow-up time of 36 months (range, 10-72 months), the 3-year overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 87% and 69%, respectively. The 3-year cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality and relapse was 7% and 24%, respectively. For the control cohort of 78 patients who underwent alloHCT from 2010 to 2014 and received only chemoimmunotherapy prior to transplant, the 3-year OS and PFS were 69% and 58%, respectively. Patients treated with targeted therapy prior to alloHCT had a significantly higher number of circulating T and B cells and a lower ratio of CD4 regulatory T cells to CD4 conventional T cells early after transplant. In summary, despite multiple high-risk features, the clinical outcome of CLL patients who receive targeted therapy prior to transplant is excellent and alloHCT should be offered while the disease is under control.
COVID-19 and ocular implications: an update
Authors: Nuzzi Raffaele , Carucci Luigi Ludovico , Tripoli Flavia
Published: September 2020

Background

COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and is now pandemic all over the world. The purpose of this review is to highlight the possible ocular presentation of COVID-19 infection and the consequence of the pandemic in the daily ophthalmology routine. A total of 9 articles was included by searching PubMed database for articles published between December 2019 and April 2020.

Main body

Conjunctivitis (and keratoconjunctivitis) can be the first symptom in infected patients. The virus can be present in tear and conjunctival secretions, requiring maximum attention. It’s important to understand if COVID-19 could spread through the ocular route or present as the primary infected site.

Ocular implications should also be considered for therapy. In fact, one potential treatment is chloroquine and its derivatives, including hydroxychloroquine. Hydroxychloroquine, in fact, can induced retinal toxicity.

The exponential increase in lthe number of Covid-19 cases was like a tsunami for health care companies, which were not ready to face this emergency. Ophthalmology departments were also affected by the reorganization of healthcare services.

Conclusion

The studies analaysed have some limitations. First, the sample size and the covered population consisted mainly of patients with mild disease. Moreover, the studies are often descriptive study, without a correlation analysis.

Finally, no normal population was observed in the studies, so a normal control group should be included for comparison in future studies.

With the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and with its high infectivity, it is necessary to rearrange ophthalmologist routine clinical practice in order to control viral spread and try to maximize patient and health-care provider’s safety.
Interprofessional education and collaboration between general practitioner trainees and practice nurses in providing chronic care; a qualitative study
Authors: van der Gulden R. , Haan N. D. Scherpbier-de , Greijn C. M. , Looman N. , Tromp F. , Dielissen P. W.
Published: September 2020

Background

Effective interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is essential for the delivery of chronic care. Interprofessional education (IPE) can help support IPC skills. This makes IPE interesting for GP practices where chronic care is delivered by GPs together with practice nurses, especially for GP trainees who have to learn to collaborate with practice nurses during their training. The aim of this study is to gain insights in how IPE and IPC occur between GP trainees and practice nurses during the delivery of chronic care in GP training practices.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative research using semi structured focus groups and interviews with GP trainees, practice nurses and GP supervisors. All respondents were primed to the subject of IPE as they had followed an interprofessional training on patient-centred communication. The verbatim transcripts of the focus groups and interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Despite the overall positive attitude displayed by respondents towards IPE and IPC, the occurrence of IPE and IPC in GP training practices was limited. Possible explanations for this are impeding factors such as limited knowledge, prejudice, lack of role models and a hierarchical organisational structure. Contributing to IPE and IPC use was the integration of IPE in daily practice, e.g. via recurring scheduled meetings.

Conclusion

We found a limited occurrence of IPE and IPC in GP training practices. Our results show a discrepancy between respondents enthusiasm for IPE and IPC and their actual behaviour. IPE activities have to be initiated in GP training practices, otherwise, despite good intentions, IPE and IPC will be ineffective.
The effects and safety of omega-3 fatty for acute lung injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Zhongjie , Zheng Jianming , Huang Wencheng , Yan Meihao , Hong Liyue , Hong Yuancheng , Jin Runnv , Huang Xincheng , Fan Hongtao , Chen Huiling , Yang Heping , Su Weiping , Huang Xiaoping
Published: September 2020

Background

Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) with omega-3 fatty, yet the results remained inconsistent. Therefore, we attempted this meta-analysis to analyze the role of omega-3 fatty in the treatment of ALI patients.

Methods

We searched PubMed databases from inception date to October 31, 2019, for RCTs that compared the treatment of ALI with or without omega-3 fatty. Two authors independently screened the studies and extracted data from the published articles. Summary mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each outcome by fixed- or random-effects model.

Results

Six RCTs with a total of 277 patients were identified, of whom 142 patients with omega-3 fatty acid treatment and 135 patients without omega-3 fatty treatment. Omega-3 fatty treatments significantly improve the PaO2 (MD = 13.82, 95% CI 8.55–19.09), PaO2/FiO2 (MD = 33.47, 95% CI 24.22–42.72), total protein (MD = 2.02, 95% CI 0.43–3.62) in ALI patients, and omega-3 fatty acid treatments reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation (MD = − 1.72, 95% CI − 2.84 to − 0.60) and intensive care unit stay (MD = − 1.29, 95% CI − 2.14 to − 0.43) in ALI patients.

Conclusions

Omega-3 fatty can effectively improve the respiratory function and promote the recovery of ALI patients. Future studies focused on the long-term efficacy and safety of omega-3 fatty use for ALI are needed.
Acute compartment syndrome of the lower limb following childbirth: a case report
Authors: Coulton Sharon , Bourne Sally , Catliffe Simon , Brooks Roderick , Jollow David
Published: September 2020

Background

Acute compartment syndrome is a limb-threatening and occasionally life-threatening emergency that is rarely reported as a complication following childbirth. Prompt diagnosis is crucial to avoid permanent functional restriction or even the loss of the affected limb. Clinical signs and symptoms might be nonspecific, especially in the early stages; therefore, knowledge of predisposing risk factors and signs and symptoms of acute compartment syndrome is necessary to prevent long-term complications and amputation.

Case presentation

This paper presents a case of a 26-year-old primiparous Sri Lankan woman who developed acute compartment syndrome of the lower right limb following childbirth by cesarean section.

Conclusion

Acute compartment syndrome is an important differential diagnosis in the setting of sudden onset of lower limb pain following childbirth. Predisposing factors for its manifestation within an obstetric environment are augmented labor, the lithotomy position, postpartum hemorrhage, hypotension following epidural analgesia, and the use of vasoconstrictive agents. If left undiagnosed and untreated, acute compartment syndrome may cause permanent neurovascular deficit, leading to a poor functional result, tissue ischemia, limb amputation, and rhabdomyolysis. If severe, and in large compartments, it can lead to renal failure and death. Alertness and a high index of clinical suspicion for the possibility of acute compartment syndrome are required to avoid a delay in diagnosis, and intracompartmental pressure measurement can be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Ribosomal protein L34 is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Qian Jianxin , Xu Lin , Yu Wenlong , Gu Xiaoqiang , Zuo Yongjun , Chen Ying , Xie Feng , Wei Lixin
Published: September 2020

Background

Ribosomal protein 34 (RPL34) is a highly conserved protein belonging to the 60S large subunit of mammalian ribosomes that has been found to be dysregulated in a variety of human tumors. However, there are limited results that illuminate the role and expression profiles of RPL34 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA).

Methods

RPL34 expression was detected in human HCCA by immunohistochemistry. The relationship of RPL34 expression with clinical outcomes was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. The effect of RPL34 on cell migration and tumor growth was detected after silencing endogenous RPL34 expression.

Results

RPL34 was overexpressed in HCCA compared with normal tissue samples and correlated significantly with regional lymph node metastasis and poorly/undifferentiated tumors. Patients with high RPL34 expression had a shorter time to recur and a poorer outcome than those without RPL34 expression. Silencing RPL34 inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro and upregulated E-cadherin. Silencing RPL34 also attenuated tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that RPL34 might serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCCA.
Thematic areas and complexity of integrated community case management (iCCM) design, implementation, and evaluation: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Karim Aliya , Cobos Muñoz Daniel , Mäusezahl Daniel , de Savigny Don
Published: September 2020

Background

Integrated community case management (iCCM) is a community-based child health strategy designed to reduce deaths due to pneumonia, malaria, and diarrhea in low-income countries. Due to the integrated nature of the intervention and the diversity of its stakeholders and activities, iCCM is complex and comprises many systems elements. However, the extent to which studies examine these different elements is unknown. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize the key areas of emphasis of the iCCM literature and assess the extent to which this takes into account systems complexity.

Methods

This study will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology. We will systematically screen MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the specialized platform Community Case Management (CCM) Central Library for published literature in English related to the design, implementation, and evaluation of iCCM. Two investigators will independently screen the full list of titles and abstracts for eligibility, followed by a full-text review of selected titles divided between investigators. Emergent themes will be categorized according to a thematic tool iteratively developed to guide the charting and analysis process. To compare the extent to which the literature assesses systems factors, we will compare our results with the iCCM Interagency Framework. We will use the Intervention Complexity Tool for Systematic Reviews (iCAT_SR) to assess how literature measures complexity. Results will be presented in narrative fashion, supplemented by interactive graphical interfaces.

Discussion

The results of this scoping review will identify the priorities and deficiencies of the analysis and evaluation of iCCM programs and may illustrate the need for systems approaches. Bottom-up emergent iCCM themes can help researchers, policymakers, and implementers target and better emphasize true priorities of iCCM. Understanding how complexity is considered and examined in iCCM may result in greater attention to this critical dimension of iCCM program assessment, resulting in the design and development of more robust and sustainable iCCM programs.
Asymptotics for $L_{1}$-wavelet method for nonparametric regression
Authors: Zhou Xingcai , Zhu Fangxia
Published: September 2020

Wavelets are particularly useful because of their natural adaptive ability to characterize data with intrinsically local properties. When the data contain outliers or come from a population with a heavy-tailed distribution,$L_{1}$L1-estimation should obtain a better fit. In this paper, we propose a$L_{1}$L1-wavelet method for nonparametric regression, and derive the asymptotic properties of the$L_{1}$L1-wavelet estimator, including the Bahadur representation, the rate of convergence and asymptotic normality. The rate of convergence of it is comparable with the optimal convergence rate of the nonparametric estimation in nonparametric models, and it does not require the continuously differentiable conditions of a nonparametric function.
Preventive effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HFY09 on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric injury in mice
Authors: Li Fang , Sun Hailan , Ran Guangjun , Liu Xinhong , Yi Ruokun , Tan Fang , Zhao Xin , Liu Huazhi
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HFY09 on gastric injury induced by HCl/ethanol in Kunming mice. The results showed that HFY09-H inhibited any increases in gastric juice volume, maintained the normal pH value of gastric acid, and reduced the damage caused to the gastric mucosa and gastric wall, the inhibition rate on the injury area reaches 63.70%. Compared with the negative control group, HFY09 increased the levels of serum somatostatin (SS) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and also decreased the levels of substance P (SP), endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In addition, real time fluorescent quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) also confirmed that high-dose HFY09 (109 CFU/kg/day) upregulated the mRNA expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase (CAT), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). At the same time, the results of the HFY09 treatment group were similar to those of the ranitidine treatment group. These results indicate that HFY09 can prevent gastric injury induced by HCl/ethanol in vivo. Therefore, HFY09 may play a potential role in the treatment of gastric diseases.
Influence of three BALB/c substrain backgrounds on the skin tumor induction efficacy to DMBA and TPA cotreatment
Authors: Kang Mi Ju , Gong Jeong Eun , Kim Ji Eun , Choi Hyeon Jun , Bae Su Ji , Choi Yun Ju , Lee Su Jin , Seo Min-Soo , Kim Kil Soo , Jung Young-Suk , Cho Joon-Yong , Lim Yong , Hwang Dae Youn
Published: September 2020

Differences in responsiveness of BALB/c substrains have been investigated in various fields, including diabetes induction, corpus callosum deficiency, virus-induced demyelinating disease, aggressive behavior and osteonecrosis. However, induction efficacy of skin tumor remains untried. We therefore investigated the influence of BALB/c substrain backgrounds on the skin tumor induction efficacy in response to DMBA (7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene) and TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) cotreatment. Alterations in the levels of tumor growth related factors, histopathological structure, and the expression to tumor related proteins were measured in three BALB/c substrains (BALB/cKorl, BALB/cA and BALB/cB) after exposure to DMBA (25 μg/kg) and three different doses of TPA (2, 4 and 8 μg/kg). The average number and induction efficacy of tumors in response to DMBA+TPA treatment were significantly greater in the BALB/cKorl substrain than in BALB/cA and BALB/cB. However, cotreatment with DMBA+TPA induced similar responses for body and organ weights of all three substrains. Few differences were detected in the serum analyzing factors, while similar responsiveness was observed for blood analyzing factors after DMBA+TPA treatment. Furthermore, the three BALB/c substrains exhibited similar patterns in their histopathological structure in DMBA+TPA-induced tumors. The expression levels of apoptotic proteins and tumor related proteins were constantly maintained in all three BALB/c substrains treated with DMBA+TPA. In addition, the responsiveness to cisplatin treatment was overall very similar in the three BALB/c substrains with DMBA+TPA-induced tumors. Taken together, these results indicate that genetic background of the three BALB/c substrains does not have a major effect on the DMBA+TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis and therapeutic responsiveness of cisplatin, except induction efficacy.
Does COVID-19 pose a challenge to the diagnoses of anxiety and depression? A psychologist's view
Authors: Johnstone Lucy
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to predictions of a widespread mental health crisis. However, this makes little sense when fear and anxiety are so understandable in context. The individualisation and medicalisation of normal human reactions disconnects us from our feelings and from the appropriate solutions, in relation to the pandemic and more generally. We have an opportunity to challenge this pervasive way of thinking, and thus be in a position to create a fairer society that is better for everyone's emotional well-being.
Continuous Intravenous Lidocaine Provides Effective Pain Control in a Palliative Child: A Case Report
Authors: Lo Carl , Le Sang , Bell Marisa , Kim Eugene
Published: September 2020

Lidocaine infusion is often used as part of a perioperative, multimodal pain management plan. We present its use to treat an 8-year-old child with devastating headaches. His symptoms stemmed from an inoperable supratentorial ependymoma that was causing thalamic bleeding and increased intracranial pressure. Many commonly used pain medications are associated with deleterious side effects such as bleeding and excessive sedation. These effects prevent lucidity for interactions, confound neurologic examination. A lidocaine infusion resulted in significant pain relief without these negative side effects. We discuss lidocaine infusion use and considerations for children suffering from intractable headaches.
Engineering the “Statistical Control of Business”
Authors: Stapleford Thomas A.
Published: September 2020

Malcolm Rorty is best known to historians of economics as the primary organizer and founder of the National Bureau of Economic Research. This article situates Rorty’s interest in economics against the backdrop of his early career in telephone engineering at American Telephone & Telegraph. I argue that distinct structural features of telephone engineering in general, and AT&T in particular, created overlaps between the practices of engineering and economics, and also opened space for Rorty to craft a broader vision for the “statistical control of business” through quantitatively informed management.
Gap junctions: historical discoveries and new findings in the C
aenorhabditis
elegans nervous system
Authors: Jin Eugene Jennifer , Park Seungmee , Lyu Xiaohui , Jin Yishi
Published: September 2020

Gap junctions are evolutionarily conserved structures at close membrane contacts between two cells. In the nervous system, they mediate rapid, often bi-directional, transmission of signals through channels called innexins in invertebrates and connexins in vertebrates. Connectomic studies from Caenorhabditis elegans have uncovered a vast number of gap junctions present in the nervous system and non-neuronal tissues. The genome also has 25 innexin genes that are expressed in spatial and temporal dynamic pattern. Recent findings have begun to reveal novel roles of innexins in the regulation of multiple processes during formation and function of neural circuits both in normal conditions and under stress. Here, we highlight the diverse roles of gap junctions and innexins in the C. elegans nervous system. These findings contribute to fundamental understanding of gap junctions in all animals.
Governança ambiental e o legado de Sergio Trindade
Authors: Ituassu Cristiana Trindade , Oliveira Lucia B.
Published: September 2020

Recentemente a ciência tem sofrido múltiplos ataques. A luta contra dogmas e “achismos” no tatame da opinião pública tem sido dura e, muitas vezes, ineficaz. Talvez por isso façam tanta falta pessoas cujo trabalho evidencie a relevância de um debate fundamentado, com perspectivas visionárias e impactos significativos. Uma dessas pessoas foi Sergio Trindade, brasileiro que, em março último, se tornou uma das primeiras vítimas da Covid-19 nos Estados Unidos. Sergio atuou de forma pioneira em defesa da causa ambiental, com destaque para a questão da governança. Trabalhou na preparação da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento (Rio-92) e participou da elaboração da Agenda 21, um plano de ações para o desenvolvimento sustentável elaborado a partir da conferência. Por esses esforços, foi convidado a integrar o Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) e, em 2007, tornou-se um dos agraciados com o Prêmio Nobel da Paz, concedido aos cientistas do painel e a Al Gore pela contribuição para a conscientização global sobre a importância e a gravidade das mudanças climáticas. Mas suas ações para o desenvolvimento e a sustentabilidade do planeta vão além. Os esforços de Sergio nessa área foram marcantes e geraram resultados efetivos. Neste artigo, procuramos resgatar sua trajetória pessoal e profissional e suas contribuições, especialmente a partir de depoimentos de colegas e amigos que conviveram com ele. Acreditamos que seu legado precisa ser não apenas lembrado, mas também praticado e levado adiante, especialmente frente aos recentes ataques à ciência e à sua sentida e prematura ausência.
Concentración urbana en América Latina. relaciones entre macrocefalia y descentralización fiscal.
Authors: Gómez González Manuel Alberto
Published: September 2020

El documento presenta un repaso de los principales modelos teóricos de la descentralización fiscal y su efecto en la composición demográfica de las regiones de cada país, contrastándola con las teorías de la primacía urbana y la macrocefalia, haciendo especial énfasis en su incidencia en América Latina. Mediante el análisis de datos y la revisión bibliográfica se constató que la relación entre gasto público, tributación subnacional y reducción de la primacía urbana, solo fue estadísticamente significativa en países por fuera del contexto latinoamericano, lo cual refuerza el llamado a profundizar en la comprensión de este fenómeno y la construcción de modelos teóricos y analíticos que conlleven a un gasto público descentralizado más eficiente que coadyuve a la reducción de la primacía urbana en América Latina.
Crise econômica e política neoliberal no Sistema Nacional de Saúde Espanhol
Authors: Aguilar Gil Marta , Bleda García José María
Published: September 2020

A globalização econômica e o avanço das políticas neoliberais no mundo, juntamente com a privatização dos serviços de saúde e o conflito entre recursos e gastos disponíveis, levou a novos questionamentos sobre a manutenção do estado de bem-estar. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram: identificar as consequências que resultaram na crise econômica internacional desencadeada em 2007-2008 e as políticas neoliberais no sistema de saúde espanhol de 2013 até o presente; conhecer a situação existente; e fazer uma proposta de melhorias. Supunha-se que o corte no orçamento aplicado como resultado da crise econômica global e nacional pudesse ter sido decisivo na desconstrução do sistema e no aumento dos serviços privados de saúde. Utilizou-se uma análise documental dos estudos e relatórios realizados por experts, bem como de diferentes organizações públicas e privadas relacionadas ao setor. Os resultados destacam o bom estado de saúde do  Sistema Nacional de Salud embora seja necessário abordar uma série de reformas (financiamento, planejamento, profissionais, política de medicamentos ou sistemas de informação, entre outros), e a inexorável necessidade de um pacto estadual para a saúde