bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Knee Injury Cases Attending Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka
Authors: Rahman Md Mashiur , Rahman Md Fashiur , Amin Zulfiquer Ahmed , Faiza Zakia Hossain , Islam Zahidul , Islam Md Zahirul
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Knee injury one of the most common injuries among soldiers accounts for losses in efficient combat power as well as increase burden of disability placed to the different units of Armed Forces.

Objectives: To find out the pattern of knee injury of patients attending at a tertiary military hospital.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study carried out during January 2017 to December 2017 at Orthopedic Center of CMH, Dhaka. A total of 153 knee injuries patients were selected purposively as per selection criteria and data were collected by face to face interview and record review.

Results: Total 153 respondents’ mean age was 31.03±10.19 years, most of them (41.8%) were from age group 25-34 years and were male (90.8%). Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury was predominant (37.9%) and main precipitating physical event was football (20.3%) followed by jumping 9 feet ditch (16.3%). Right knee was more involved (49.7%) than left knee (46.4%). Most of injuries occurred in the exercise ground (40.5%) then sports ground (35.3%). ACL injuries (19%) were common in the age group 25-34 years and 9.8% were in 15-24 years. Morbidity duration of knee injuries was <1 year for 49% and 1-5 years for 36.6% of the respondents.

Conclusion: Training-related injuries negatively impact the capabilities of any Armed Forces. Low fitness levels among soldiers are associated with increased risk for injury and attrition. Knee injury may be considered as one of the major occupational health problems of Armed Forces.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.15 (1) 2019: 98-101
On the heat waves in Bangladesh, their trends and associated large scale tropospheric conditions
Authors: Karmakar Samarendra , Das Mohan Kumar
Published: October 2020

Attempts have been made to study the heat waves along with the trends in Bangladesh and the large-scale tropospheric conditions over Bangladesh and neighbourhood responsible for generating heat waves in the country. Maximum temperature (Tmax) for the period 1981-2016 has been used in the study. Based on the definition of heat waves of Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), the frequencies of days with Tmax≥360C and ≥ 380C have been computed and their trends are investigated to delineate the areas of heat waves in Bangladesh. During the period 1981-2016, Tmax≥360C is found to prevail annually for 79 days at Rajshahi, 51 days at Mongla, 50 days at Khulna in 2014 whereas it is found to prevail annually for 85 days at Chuadanga in 1992, 78 days at Jessore in 2010, 72 days at Satkhira in 1986 and 68 days at Ishurdi in 1995. In 2014, Tmax≥360C is found to exist annually for many days in western pat of Bangladesh in comparison to the eastern and costal region of the country. That is why year 2014 has been selected to study waves extensively. The study reveals that the monthly, seasonal and annual frequency of Tmax≥360C have increasing trends in Bangladesh except a very few places, having the highest increasing trends over southwestern part of the country with increasing rates of 0.816 day/year and 1.02 day/year, respectively at Mongla. The highest increasing trends over southwestern part may be due to the advection and penetration of higher Tmax due to northwesterly winds and less rainfall over the area. The seasonal and annual frequencies of Tmax≥380C have increasing trends at less than 50% stations in Bangladesh; some of the increasing trends of the seasonal and annual frequency of maximum temperature ≥380C are statistically significant up to 95-99% level of significance. The large-scale synoptic conditions show that heat waves are found to enter Bangladesh from the west/northwest due to the advection of higher Tmax from the west. Heat waves extend from west to east up to about central Bangladesh and a separate area of heat waves develop over the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the reason of which may be due to the diverging pattern of wind flows near the Chittagong Hill Tracts in the year of heat waves. Heat waves are absent along Sandwip-M.Court-Feni-Comilla region. In 2014, heat waves are found to be due to the influence of sub-tropical high over India and its extension over Bangladesh at the surface and at 850 hPa level with strong westerly/northwesterly winds at 850 hPa, influence of anticyclones persisting for many days over the Bay of Bengal at 300 hPa level, absence of upper level westerly troughs over India and Bangladesh

Journal of Engineering Science 11(1), 2020, 19-36
Dyeing of Polyester Fabric with Natural Colorants Extracted from Mahogany (Swieteniamahagoni) Seed Pods
Authors: Mamun Md Abdullah Al , Hossain Mohammad Mamun , Khan Mubarak Ahmad
Published: October 2020

Polyester fabric is usually dyed with disperse dyes which has severe limitations specially toxicity and environmental issues. The aim of the present research is to introduce an ecofriendly dyeing process for polyester fabric with natural dyes. The natural colorants were extracted from mahogany seed pods using the simple acid boiling method. The spectroscopic analysis of the crude extract was carried out by UV and IR spectra of the extracted dyes and illuminated the presence of natural tannins as coloring materials in the crude extract. 10g fabric was dyed in 200cc extracted solution at 130⁰C for 60 minutes in exhaust dyeing method followed by neutralization and soaping. Finally, a light brown dyed fabric was obtained. The dyed fabric exhibited color strength in terms of k/s value of 0.63 (λmax 360nm), lightness of 80.565 and chromaticity value of 12.002 CIE units. Different samples were dyed by fluctuating the dyeing period. The dyeing traits of the dyed materials were judged in terms of their color strength and fatness properties. All testes were carried out following the ISO standards. From the results, it is lucid that the dyed fabric showed acceptable color fastness properties in case of all fastness except color fastness to light. It is observed that dyeing time had profound influence on the color strength (k/s value) of the dyed material. The k/s value increases with the increase of dyeing period up to 120 minutes. The maximum color strength (0.76) was noted for the fabric. The shorter dyeing time produces lighter samples and the longer dyeing time produced colorful samples.

Journal of Engineering Science 11(1), 2020, 37-42
Forecasting the Average Temperature Rise in Bangladesh: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Paul Sneha , Roy Shuvendu
Published: October 2020

Global warming has caused a significant increment in surface temperature around the world, including Bangladesh. In this study, the temperature data of Bangladesh over the past 100 years has been analyzed to see the temperature increment pattern. It has been seen that the average temperature has risen by 10C over the last century. Using daily average temperature data of Bangladesh, machine learning-based time series forecasting model has been developed to predict the future temperature of Bangladesh. The model can predict the minimum, maximum, and average temperatures of any year in the future. This has been treated as a regression problem and Linear, Polynomial, and Support Vector Regression have been proposed to build the prediction model. The proposed model has a mean square error of 0.00470C which is a good margin for such a model. Using the model, the average temperature of Bangladesh is predicted over the next hundred years.

Journal of Engineering Science 11(1), 2020, 83-91
Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Crystallization Kinetics of Fe82Si8B10 Amorphous Ribbon
Authors: Sikder A Said , Nath SD , Sikder SS
Published: October 2020

Amorphous soft magnetic materials have significant potential applications in specialist power transformers and in inductive devices. With the composition of Fe82Si8B10, 82% of the transition metals Fe and about 18% of metalloid or glass-former elements like B and Si are strongly magnetic at room temperature and offer dynamic opportunities for engineering applications. The crystallization kinetics has been studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The sample was annealed in a controlled way in the temperature range of 350-450°C at constant annealing time one hour. The kinetics of primary crystallization α-Fe(Si) phase and secondary crystallization Fe2B phase was studied as affected due to temperature. The sample annealed at 350oC temperature is almost unchanged which is still lower than that of primary crystallization temperature but the same condition when sample annealed at 450°C completely shows that the primary crystallization α-Fe(Si) phase has vanished and crystallization event took place to a good extent.

Journal of Engineering Science 11(1), 2020, 107-112
An Experimental Investigation of Relationship between surface Hardness and Strength of Locally produced TMT 500W bar in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmad Sazzad , Sajal Wahidur Rahman
Published: October 2020

The high-strength mild steel bars (usually low carbon steel) are widely used for structural purposes throughout the world including Bangladesh. The strength of these deformed barsis measured through a sample decimation process via Universal Testing Machine (UTM), after which the broken pieces are discarded as scrap for recycling. Therefore, measuring the hardness of steel could be a good indication of strength and will involve less sample and short time for testing. The strength–hardness relationship for steel and cast iron is well defined. However, the TMT 500W deformed bar using in Bangladesh has different structural phenomena due to its unique fabrication technique. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how the strength varies with hardness for this grade of steel. The current research aims to explore the hardness–strength relationship for TMT (Thermomechanical Treatment) 500W bar as an alternate of the tensile test to minimize the wastage, cost and time of testing. Several TMT 500W bars were collected from the local market and measured the Rockwell Hardness B (HRB), strength and other relevant macroscopic/microscopic parameters. Finally, two empirical relationships of yield and tensile strength have been established using rim hardness, core hardness, and rim thickness data. The actual strength data shows a good agreement with present findings and the result variation is found less than 2% and 3% in the case of yield strength and tensile strength respectively.

Journal of Engineering Science 11(1), 2020, 113-122
Vanhempainkasvatus – haaste aikuiskasvatukselle
Authors: Hämäläinen Juha
Published: October 2020

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan vanhempainkasvatuksen lähtökohtia, tavoitteita ja kehittämistarpeita. Vanhempainkasvatuksen kehittäminen nähdään erityisesti aikuiskasvatuksen alaan kuuluvaksi tehtäväksi. Varsinkin vanhempainkasvatuksen erityisongelmiin paneutuvan aikuisdidaktisen tutkimuksen ajatellaan palvelevan vanhempainkasvatuksen kehittämistä kulttuurin ja yhteiskunnallisen rakentamistyön osatekijänä. Lisäksi tarvitaan vanhempainkasvatuksen integroimista yhteiskunnan tiede-, koulutus- ja hallintojärjestelmään.
Aikuiskasvatustutkimuksen kansainväliset kehitysnäkymät
Authors: Pantzar Eero
Published: October 2020

Artikkelin lähtökohtana on kirjoittajan tutkimus pohjoismaisesta ja saksalaisesta aikuiskasvatustutkimuksesta. Aikuiskasvatustutkimusten moninaisuus on osoitus tieteenalan nuoruudesta sekä teoriaperustan heikkoudesta. Aikuiskasvatustutkimuksen asema riippuu pääasiassa aikuiskasvatuksen yhteiskunnallisesta merkityksestä sekä koulutustutkimuksen sisäisistä prioriteeteista.
Aikuisten opintoaktiviteetin tutkimisesta
Authors: Jaakkola Raimo
Published: October 2020

Opintoaktiivisuutta tarkastellaan siihen virittymisen ja sen pysyvyyden tai sen muuttumisen suhteen. Opettajien nähdään monasti yliarvioivan opiskelijoiden oppimisvalmiudet, unohtavan opiskelijoiden puutteelliset perustiedot sekä etenevän opetuksessaan liian nopeasti.
Un modelo de actuación compartido en la administración local para la conservación del patrimonio histórico
Authors: Baro Fátima Salaverri
Published: October 2020

La participación ciudadana en la protección y conservación del patrimonio histórico pasa por ser un recurso que debe consolidarse en las políticas desarrolladas por las administraciones locales. Los ayuntamientos como espacios más cercanos a la ciudadanía deben potenciar el desarrollo de programas que impliquen su colaboración en la conservación y protección del patrimonio cultural. Junto con las consecuencias que el cambio climático empieza a tener sobre el patrimonio cultural, el impulso de la colaboración de la vecindad en su salvaguarda y fomentar su educación sobre el mismo son uno de los principales retos que tienen por delante las administraciones locales.
La socialización patrimonial a través de la recreación histórica y la arqueología experimental
Authors: Ruiz García David
Published: October 2020

El modelo tradicional de museo local se encuentra obsoleto y abocado al fracaso, y necesariamente obligado a adaptarse a las nuevas necesidades de una ciudadanía cada vez más exigente y heterogénea, que solicita nuevos servicios y actividades cada vez más dinámicas. Su tradicional función como mero espacio de exposición de objetos no funciona, convirtiéndose en un tipo de institución cultural cuya mera existencia está siendo continuamente cuestionada.

Necesita reforzarse, hacer entender al conjunto de la sociedad que es necesaria y que es espacio de memoria colectiva fundamental para un progreso equilibrado. Para conseguir dichos objetivos se necesita trabajar con la población más cercana, implicándola no como una simple observadora; haciéndola partícipe de forma activa y lineal en cada uno de sus programas. Es necesario trabajar con la socialización patrimonial y en Colección Museográfica de Gilena tenemos la respuesta y una trayectoria de éxito que respalda nuestro enfoque.
El papel de las comunidades en el patrimonio: una reflexión en torno al patrimonio arqueológico
Authors: Jiménez-Esquinas Guadalupe
Published: October 2020

El concepto y la gestión patrimonial ha ido variando en las últimas décadas hacia un concepto antropológico de cultura y un mayor protagonismo de las comunidades. Basándome en el trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado entre arqueólogas/os, o de “etnografía de la arqueología”, en este artículo recorro con fines analíticos y explicativos los distintos modelos de relación arqueología-sociedad y las críticas hacia cada uno de ellos. En segundo lugar me centro en la arqueología comunitaria argumentando las distintas cautelas que habría que tener en cuenta en relación a lo comunitario y la comunidad para cuestionarme, de forma retórica, cual es el papel al que han sido relegadas a pesar del reconocimiento de su lugar central en el ámbito del patrimonio.
Rural Experimenta celebra la segunda edición de su taller de innovación ciudadana en el medio rural
Authors: Montesino de la Iglesia María
Published: October 2020

El artículo resume en qué consiste el laboratorio rural de innovación ciudadana Rural Experimenta, iniciativa del Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte y Medialab Prado. El texto se centra en explicar la metodología del taller, basada en el prototipado colaborativo junto a otras personas, en compartir proyectos con licencias libres, con dinámicas de “hazlo tú mismo junto a los otros”. Se explica brevemente la primera edición del laboratorio, las temáticas que se plantearon relacionadas con la cultura, el vínculo rural-urbano, los bienes comunes, patrimonio material/inmaterial y comunidades de aprendizaje. Se explica la intención de dotar de continuidad al proyecto a través de una guía metodológica que pueda servir de referencia a la hora de implementar el taller en otro lugar, así como el seguimiento y evaluación de sucesivas ediciones. El artículo enmarca las temáticas de la segunda edición y el territorio donde se va a llevar a cabo este taller de innovación ciudadana este año. A modo de reflexión, se plantean algunos de los objetivos del taller y se destacan las características de este modelo de laboratorios como forma de innovar en cultura y de tejer redes colaborativas de aprendizaje e intercambio.
La asociación PAX consigue la nominación de la WMF para los patios de la Axerquía
Authors: Redaelli Gaia
Published: October 2020

La principal organización internacional privada dedicada a la salvaguarda del patrimonio cultural y el empoderamiento de sus comunidades, la World Monuments Fund (WMF), incluyó en octubre de 2019 las casas-patio de la Axerquía en Córdoba en su lista bianual de los 25 sitios del mundo especialmente significados por combinar relevancia histórica y contar con un potencial impacto social a través de su preservación. Con esta nominación de los patios de la Axerquía, a instancia de la Asociación PAX, la organización WMF pone de relieve y apoya los esfuerzos de la comunidad local para repoblar el distrito histórico desde un cambio de paradigma, poniendo en valor al mismo nivel el patrimonio material e inmaterial de la ciudad de Córdoba.
App Arquitecturas de la Memoria. Diálogo intergeneracional y memoria colectiva a través de las nuevas tecnologías
Authors: Miralles Benito Alfredo
Published: October 2020

Arquitecturas de la Memoria es una app de geolocalización para crear una cartografía interactiva de recuerdos de la comunidad, vinculados al espacio público como vertebrador de la vida en común, con el objetivo de favorecer el diálogo intergeneracional.

Este proyecto propone un proceso de encuentro con los mayores de una comunidad y pone en valor la memoria colectiva como fuente de patrimonio inmaterial del territorio. Trata de generar un proceso de mediación y de acercamiento de estos contenidos a los más jóvenes a través de la tecnología.

La esencia del proyecto es el encuentro con la comunidad para generar un proceso de carácter participativo con la ciudadanía. A través de entrevistas y dinámicas artísticas se crea un relato colectivo en primera persona, y se explora la identidad de un territorio en base a los recuerdos de sus vecinos. La tecnología aparece al final del proceso para captar el interés de los más jóvenes y facilitar el diálogo intergeneracional en un momento en el que ya no nos sentamos a escuchar las historias de nuestros mayores; en el que se han roto los lazos de oralidad frente al dominio de la imagen y las pantallas. Este proyecto crea un espacio para contarnos las historias de nuestras vidas, y regenerar ese lazo intergeneracional, tejiendo afectos que la vida contemporánea a veces nos hace creer olvidados. Arquitecturas de la memoria permite a los usuarios de la app recorrer las calles  acompañados de las voces de sus habitantes.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) FISIKA BERBASIS ETNOSAINS MENGGUNAKAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMA
Authors: Septiaahmad Liza , Sakti Indra , Setiawan Iwan
Published: October 2020

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) fisika yang valid berbasis etnosains dengan model Discovery Learning  untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan tipe rancangan level 1 yang terdiri dari 5 tahapan, yaitu: 1) potensi dan masalah 2) studi literatur dan pengumpulan informasi 3) desain produk 4) validasi desain 5) desain teruji. Validasi desain dilakukan oleh 2 judgement ahli dan 2 praktisi untuk menilai produk yang dikembangkan dari aspek penyajian, kelayakan isi, penggunaan bahasa, dan kegrafisan. Berdasarkan hasil uji validitas aspek penyajian didapatkan hasil persentase sebesar 82,8% berada pada kategori sangat baik, aspek kelayakan isi sebesar 80,9% berada pada kategori sangat baik, aspek penggunaan bahasa sebesar 92% berada pada kategori sangat baik, dan aspek kegrafisan sebesar 97,9% berada pada kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKPD fisika berbasis etnosains dengan model Discovery Learning  yang dikembangkan sudah valid dan merupakan desain teruji dengan persentase total uji validitas yaitu 88,4% berada pada kategori sangat baik. Kata Kunci: LKPD, Etnosains, Discovery Learning , keterampilan Berpikir Kritis ABSTRACT This research aimed to develop a valid physical student activity sheets, LKPD based of ethnoscience with a Discovery Learning model on material and unit. This research was a type of development research (Research and Development) with type 1 design consisting of 5 stages, namely: 1) potential and problems 2) literature study and information gathering 3) product design 4) design validation 5) tested design. Design validation was carried out by 2 expert judgments and 2 Practitioners to assess products developed from aspects of presentation, appropriateness of content, use of language, and graphics. Based on the results of the validity of the presentation aspects, the results were 82,8% was in excellent categories, appropriateness of content aspects at 80,9% was in  excellent categories, , use of language aspects at 92% was in excellent categories, and graphics aspects at 97.9% was in excellent categories. Based on these results, it was concluded that LKPD based of ethnoscience  with a Discovery Learning  model has been valid and is a proven design with a percentage of the total validity test which is 88,4% was in the excellent category.Keywords: LKPD, Ethnoscience, Discovery Learning, Critical Thinking Skills
PENGGUNAAN SIMULASI VIRTUAL PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL (HOTS) SISWA : META ANALISIS
Authors: Anisa Miftahul Khirana , Permana P Niki Dian , Nova Theresia Lidya
Published: October 2020

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan simulasi virtual untuk meningkatkan Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) siswa pada pembelajaran Fisika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Desain yang digunakan yaitu  meta-analisis.  Meta-analisis adalah penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara merangkum, mereviu dan menganalisis data peneliti dari beberapa hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara mencari artikel yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan simulasi virtual dan Higher Order Thinking Skill pada jurnal nasional yang terakreditasi pada sinta 1 hingga sinta 4 dan beberapa jurnal internasional bereputasi. Sampel yang digunakan berupa 20 artikel jurnal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penggunaan simulasi virtual dapat meningkatkan Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) siswa pada pembelajaran Fisika.Kata  kunci : Meta-analisis, Simulasi Virtual, HOTS, Pembelajaran Fisika ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the use of virtual simulations to improve students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in learning Physics. The research method used was a quantitative method. The design used is meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was research conducted by summarizing, reviewing and analyzing researchers' data from several previous research results. Data collection was done by searching for articles relating to the use of virtual simulations and Higher Order Thinking Skills in national journals that are accredited in SINTA 1 to SINTA 4 and several reputable international journals. The sample used was in the form of 20 journal articles. The results of this study indicated that the use of virtual simulations can improve students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in learning physics. Keywords : Meta-analysis, Virtual Simulation, HOTS, Physics Learning
Internationalisation in Higher Education and English as a teaching and learning tool: what are the implications in all Brazilian Education?
Authors: Martins Adriana Claudia
Published: October 2020

It is evident that there is no language better than other, however English seems to be necessary if people want to dialogue and take part in the global knowledge and civilization. This article has the aim to discuss about having English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in Higher Education, when there are implications about learning and teaching English in all Brazilian Education. For this, the methodology of this study is qualitative, considering publications in this thematic and focusing on debate considering two subtitles: Higher Education teaching in English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) - learnings and challenges; and, when the university internationalisation is affected by implications in all Brazilian Education. In this way, the debate has to be set up in all levels of Brazilian education because the English language knowledge taught at Brazilian Basic Education does not fit to the students’ needs when they are going to Brazilian universities to have disciplines mediated through English. It is necessary to study, in future investigations, if people from Brazilian institutions are really assuming the internationalisation and if this situation brings more quality and learning possibilities to all Brazilian education.
Metodologias de avaliação empregadas no curso superior de tecnologia em telemática no Instituto Federal do Ceará (IFCE) – Campus Tauá: análise comparativa
Authors: Maciel Kilbert Amorim , Maciel Kildery Amorim , Amorim Luciene de Sena
Published: October 2020

O trabalho de pesquisa “Metodologias de Avaliação no Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Telemática no IFCE – Campus Tauá: Análise Comparativa” faz um levantamento, por meio de pesquisa entre professores e alunos do curso de Telemática no IFCE – Campus Tauá-Ceará, dos métodos de avaliação de desempenho mais utilizados pelo corpo docente versus àqueles que o corpo discente compreende como mais adequados para aferir sua performance nas diversas disciplinas ofertadas pelo curso. O trabalho também objetiva propor uma reflexão sobre os métodos avaliativos empregados no âmbito do ensino superior, mais precisamente no ensino tecnológico, a luz do aporte bibliográfico de autores célebres da educação, tais como: Freire (2007), Gil (2008), Santo (2008), Perrenoud (2000), entre outros. A título de conclusão, compreende-se que a partir da constante praxe pedagógica, a interação professor-aluno no ensino superior possa sempre convergir para uma perspectiva cada vez mais colaborativa e cuja metodologia de avaliação esteja cada vez mais aderente com as relações construídas em sala de aula e laboratórios, onde a variedade de métodos avaliativos utilizados possa depreender de forma cada vez mais justa o nível de envolvimento e absorção do discente em seu processo formativo.
ANALYSIS OF LIBRARY SATISFACTION SURVEY
Authors: Rahmadanita Annisa , Hasmiati Hasmiati , Umanah Umanah
Published: October 2020

Problem Statement: The author focuses on the problem of decreasing the number of Library Department of IPDN visitors in 2018. Purpose: This study is focused on answering how the satisfaction of IPDN library users. Method: The author collected data through a questionnaire distributed to 51 respondents in the Praja category. Results: The results showed that the dimensions of collection types, completeness of collections, book search on the shelves, time of visit and borrowing time for library collections needed improvement, while in the dimensions of collection search tools, easiness of library users to obtain information, attitude and behavior of librarians needed improvement. Conclusion: Library users were satisfied with the implementation of the library, especially in the dimensions of the attitude and behavior of librarians, search tools collection and ease of information search. The author suggests that IPDN Libraries need to survey the needs of the type of library collections that are needed by users, update written regulations relating to library service hours, increase lending time for library collections that can be borrowed and brought home, and set shelving schedules on a regular and regular basis.
Gene–Environment Interaction in the Era of Precision Medicine – Filling the Potholes Rather Than Starting to Build a New Road
Authors: Álvarez-Castro José M.
Published: October 2020

Gene–environment interaction is a key part of evolutionary biology, animal, and plant breeding, and a number of health sciences, like epidemiology and precision medicine. However, bottlenecks in models of gene–environment interaction have recently been made manifest, particularly in the field of medicine and, consequently, specific improvements have been explicitly requested—namely, an implementation of gene–environment interaction satisfactorily disentangled from gene–environment correlation. The present paper meets those demands by providing mathematical developments that implement classical models of genetic effects and bring them up to date with the prospects current available data bestow. These developments are shown to overcome the limitations of previous proposals through the analysis of illustrative examples on disease susceptibility, with special attention paid to precision medicine. Indeed, a number of misconceptions about the application of models of genetic/environmental effects to precision medicine are here identified and clarified. The theory here provided is argued to strengthen, in particular, the methodology required for high-precision characterization of strain virulence in the study of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Distribution and Diversity of Comammox Nitrospira in Coastal Wetlands of China
Authors: Sun Dongyao , Tang Xiufeng , Zhao Mengyue , Zhang Zongxiao , Hou Lijun , Liu Min , Wang Baozhan , Klümper Uli , Han Ping
Published: October 2020

Complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox), able to individually oxidize ammonia to nitrate, are considered to play a significant role in the global nitrogen cycle. However, the distribution of comammox Nitrospira in estuarine tidal flat wetland and the environmental drivers affecting their abundance and diversity remain unknown. Here, we present a large-scale investigation on the geographical distribution of comammox Nitrospira along the estuarine tidal flat wetlands of China, where comammox Nitrospira were successfully detected in 9 of the 16 sampling sites. The abundance of comammox Nitrospira ranged from 4.15 × 105 to 6.67 × 106 copies/g, 2.21- to 5.44-folds lower than canonical ammonia oxidizers: ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). Phylogenetic analysis based on the alpha subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase encoding gene (amoA) revealed that comammox Nitrospira Clade A, mainly originating from upstream river inputs, accounts for more than 80% of the detected comammox Nitrospira, whereas comammox Nitrospira clade B were rarely detected. Comammox Nitrospira abundance and dominant comammox Nitrospira OTUs varied within the estuarine samples, showing a geographical pattern. Salinity and pH were the most important environmental drivers affecting the distribution of comammox Nitrospira in estuarine tidal flat wetlands. The abundance of comammox Nitrospira was further negatively correlated with high ammonia and nitrite concentrations. Altogether, this study revealed the existence, abundance and distribution of comammox Nitrospira and the driving environmental factors in estuarine ecosystems, thus providing insights into the ecological niches of this recently discovered nitrifying consortium and their contributions to nitrification in global estuarine environments.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health and Wellbeing in a Representative Sample of Australian Adults
Authors: Dawel Amy , Shou Yiyun , Smithson Michael , Cherbuin Nicolas , Banfield Michelle , Calear Alison L. , Farrer Louise M. , Gray Darren , Gulliver Amelia , Housen Tambri , McCallum Sonia M. , Morse Alyssa R. , Murray Kristen , Newman Eryn , Rodney Harris Rachael M. , Batterham Philip J.
Published: October 2020

There is minimal knowledge about the impact of large-scale epidemics on community mental health, particularly during the acute phase. This gap in knowledge means we are critically ill-equipped to support communities as they face the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to provide data urgently needed to inform government policy and resource allocation now and in other future crises. The study was the first to survey a representative sample from the Australian population at the early acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression, anxiety, and psychological wellbeing were measured with well-validated scales (PHQ-9, GAD-7, WHO-5). Using linear regression, we tested for associations between mental health and exposure to COVID-19, impacts of COVID-19 on work and social functioning, and socio-demographic factors. Depression and anxiety symptoms were substantively elevated relative to usual population data, including for individuals with no existing mental health diagnosis. Exposure to COVID-19 had minimal association with mental health outcomes. Recent exposure to the Australian bushfires was also unrelated to depression and anxiety, although bushfire smoke exposure correlated with reduced psychological wellbeing. In contrast, pandemic-induced impairments in work and social functioning were strongly associated with elevated depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as decreased psychological wellbeing. Financial distress due to the pandemic, rather than job loss per se, was also a key correlate of poorer mental health. These findings suggest that minimizing disruption to work and social functioning, and increasing access to mental health services in the community, are important policy goals to minimize pandemic-related impacts on mental health and wellbeing. Innovative and creative strategies are needed to meet these community needs while continuing to enact vital public health strategies to control the spread of COVID-19.
Plant Sex Prediction Using Genetic Markers in Cultivated Yams (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) in Benin
Authors: Denadi Narcisse , Gandonou Christophe , Missihoun Antoine Abel , Zoundjihékpon Jeanne , Quinet Muriel
Published: October 2020

Dioscorea rotundata Poir. is mainly dioecious but it also produces monoecious individuals. Recently two genetic markers were proposed to determine the sex in this species. We tested them in 119 individuals from 101 different cultivars of the national collection of Benin to verify whether they can predict the sex observed in the field. Among the analyzed individuals, 72 were male, 37 were female, 7 were monoecious and 3 were non-flowering. Our results showed that the marker sp16, associated with the W allele (female allele), was present in all female individuals but also in more than 42% of male individuals. Thus, while the absence of sp16 confirmed the male sex of the individuals, its presence did not allow sex discrimination. The marker sp1 allowed the identification of four genotypes (AA, AB, BB and AC) in the analyzed individuals with AA and AB being the most represented. Although AA was observed in 62.16% of female individuals and AB in 83.33% of male individuals, we did not observe a clear correlation between sp1 genotypes and sex identity. We concluded that the tested markers did not allow a clear sex discrimination in Beninese Dioscorea rotundata cultivars. Our results also suggest that Beninese D. rotundata cultivars have adopted a male XX/XY heterogametic system that is undergoing reorganization.
Understanding the Community Perceptions and Knowledge of Bats and Transmission of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Mohammad Mahmudul , Kalam Md. Abul , Alam Mahabub , Shano Shahanaj , Faruq Abdullah Al , Hossain Md. Saddam , Islam Md. Nurul , Khan Shahneaz Ali , Islam Ariful
Published: October 2020

Bats are known reservoirs of Nipah virus (NiV) and some filoviruses and also appear likely to harbor the evolutionary progenitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). While bats are considered a reservoir of deadly viruses, little is known about people’s knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of bat conservation and ecology. The current study aimed to assess community people’s knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of bat ecology, myths, and the role of bats in transmitting NiV in Bangladesh. Since 2001, NiV has been a continuous threat to public health with a mortality rate of approximately 70% in Bangladesh. Over the years, many public health interventions have been implemented to raise awareness about bats and the spreading of NiV among the community peoples of Nipah outbreak areas (NOAs) and Nipah non-outbreak areas (NNOAs). We hypothesized that people from both areas might have similar knowledge of bat ecology and myths about bats but different knowledge regarding their role in the spreading of NiV. Using a four-point Likert scale-based questionnaire, our analysis showed that most people lack adequate knowledge regarding the role of bats in maintaining the ecological balance and instead trust their beliefs in different myths about bats. Factor score analysis showed that respondents’ gender (p = 0.01), the outbreak status of the area (p = 0.03), and their occupation (p = 0.04) were significant factors influencing their knowledge of bat ecology and myths. A regression analysis showed that farmers had 0.34 times the odds of having correct or positive knowledge of bat ecology and myths than businesspersons (odds ratio (OR) = 0.34, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.15–0.78, p = 0.01). Regarding the spreading of NiV via bats, people had a lower level of knowledge. In NOAs, age (p = 0.00), occupation (p = 0.00), and level of education (p = 0.00) were found to be factors contributing to the amount of knowledge regarding the transmission of NiV, whereas in NNOAs, the contributing factors were occupation (p = 0.00) and level of education (p = 0.01). Regression analysis revealed that respondents who were engaged in services (OR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.07–8.54, p = 0.04) and who had completed primary education (OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.02–9.17, p < 0.05) were likely to have correct knowledge regarding the spreading of NiV. Based on the study results, we recommend educational interventions for targeted groups in the community, highlighting the ecosystem services and conservation of bats so as to improve people’s current knowledge and subsequent behavior regarding the role of bats in ecology and the spreading of NiV in Bangladesh.
Astrocytes: News about Brain Health and Diseases
Authors: Meldolesi Jacopo
Published: October 2020

Astrocytes, the most numerous glial cells in the brains of humans and other mammalian animals, have been studied since their discovery over 100 years ago. For many decades, however, astrocytes were believed to operate as a glue, providing only mechanical and metabolic support to adjacent neurons. Starting from a “revolution” initiated about 25 years ago, numerous astrocyte functions have been reconsidered, some previously unknown, others attributed to neurons or other cell types. The knowledge of astrocytes has been continuously growing during the last few years. Based on these considerations, in the present review, different from single or general overviews, focused on six astrocyte functions, chosen due in their relevance in both brain physiology and pathology. Astrocytes, previously believed to be homogeneous, are now recognized to be heterogeneous, composed by types distinct in structure, distribution, and function; their cooperation with microglia is known to govern local neuroinflammation and brain restoration upon traumatic injuries; and astrocyte senescence is relevant for the development of both health and diseases. Knowledge regarding the role of astrocytes in tauopathies and Alzheimer’s disease has grow considerably. The multiple properties emphasized here, relevant for the present state of astrocytes, will be further developed by ongoing and future studies.
Age-Dependent Auditory Processing Deficits after Cochlear Synaptopathy Depend on Auditory Nerve Latency and the Ability of the Brain to Recruit LTP/BDNF
Authors: Marchetta Philine , Savitska Daria , Kübler Angelika , Asola Giulia , Manthey Marie , Möhrle Dorit , Schimmang Thomas , Rüttiger Lukas , Knipper Marlies , Singer Wibke
Published: October 2020

Age-related decoupling of auditory nerve fibers from hair cells (cochlear synaptopathy) has been linked to temporal processing deficits and impaired speech recognition performance. The link between both is elusive. We have previously demonstrated that cochlear synaptopathy, if centrally compensated through enhanced input/output function (neural gain), can prevent age-dependent temporal discrimination loss. It was also found that central neural gain after acoustic trauma was linked to hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Using middle-aged and old BDNF-live-exon-visualization (BLEV) reporter mice we analyzed the specific recruitment of LTP and the activity-dependent usage of Bdnf exon-IV and -VI promoters relative to cochlear synaptopathy and central (temporal) processing. For both groups, specimens with higher or lower ability to centrally compensate diminished auditory nerve activity were found. Strikingly, low compensating mouse groups differed from high compensators by prolonged auditory nerve latency. Moreover, low compensators exhibited attenuated responses to amplitude-modulated tones, and a reduction of hippocampal LTP and Bdnf transcript levels in comparison to high compensators. These results suggest that latency of auditory nerve processing, recruitment of hippocampal LTP, and Bdnf transcription, are key factors for age-dependent auditory processing deficits, rather than cochlear synaptopathy or aging per se.
G-CSF and G-CSFR Induce a Pro-Tumorigenic Macrophage Phenotype to Promote Colon and Pancreas Tumor Growth
Authors: Karagiannidis Ioannis , de Santana Van Vilet Eliane , Said Abu Egal Erika , Phinney Brandon , Jacenik Damian , Prossnitz Eric R. , Beswick Ellen J.
Published: October 2020

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment (TME) are known to polarize into populations exhibiting pro- or anti-tumoral activity in response to stimuli such as growth factors and cytokines. Our previous work has recognized granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a cytokine capable of influencing immune cells of the TME exhibiting pro-tumoral activity. Here, we aimed to focus on how G-CSF regulates TAM phenotype and function and the effects on gastrointestinal (GI) tumor progression. Thus, wildtype (WT) and G-CSFR−/− macrophages were examined for cytokine production, gene expression, and transcription factor activity. Adoptive transfer of WT or G-CSFR−/− macrophages into tumor-bearing mice was performed to study their influence in the progression of colon (MC38) and pancreatic (PK5L1940) tumor mouse models. Finally, the difference in cytotoxic potential between WT and G-CSFR−/− macrophages was examined both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that G-CSF promotes increased IL-10 production and decreased IL-12 production, which was reversed in G-CSFR−/− macrophages for a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Furthermore, G-CSFR−/− macrophages were characterized by higher levels of NOS2 expression and NO production, which led to greater tumor related cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that in the absence of G-CSFR, macrophage-related tumor cytotoxicity was amplified. These findings, along with our previous reports, pinpoint G-CSF /G-CSFR as a prominent target for possible clinical applications that aim to control the TME and the GI tumor progression.
Pterostilbene Sensitizes Cisplatin-Resistant Human Bladder Cancer Cells with Oncogenic HRAS
Authors: Chen Yi-Ting , Huang Zi-Yi , Tang Han-Hsuan , Kuo Wan-Ting , Wu Shan-Ying , Lan Sheng-Hui , Chang Kai-Hsun , Lin Pin-Lun , Lee Ming-Fen , Cheng Hung-Chi , Liu Hsiao-Sheng , Huang Chi-Ying F. , Huang Guan-Cheng , Su Chun-Li
Published: October 2020

Analysis of various public databases revealed that HRAS gene mutation frequency and mRNA expression are higher in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Further analysis revealed the roles of oncogenic HRAS, autophagy, and cell senescence signaling in bladder cancer cells sensitized to the anticancer drug cisplatin using the phytochemical pterostilbene. A T24 cell line with the oncogenic HRAS was chosen for further experiments. Indeed, coadministration of pterostilbene increased stronger cytotoxicity on T24 cells compared to HRAS wild-type E7 cells, which was paralleled by neither elevated apoptosis nor induced cell cycle arrest, but rather a marked elevation of autophagy and cell senescence in T24 cells. Pterostilbene-induced autophagy in T24 cells was paralleled by inhibition of class I PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K as well as activation of MEK/ERK (a RAS target) and class III PI3K pathways. Pterostilbene-induced cell senescence on T24 cells was paralleled by increased pan-RAS and decreased phospho-RB expression. Coadministration of PI3K class III inhibitor 3-methyladenine or MEK inhibitor U0126 suppressed pterostilbene-induced autophagy and reversed pterostilbene-enhanced cytotoxicity, but did not affect pterostilbene-elevated cell senescence in T24 cells. Animal study data confirmed that pterostilbene enhanced cytotoxicity of cisplatin plus gemcitabine. These results suggest a therapeutic application of pterostilbene in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer with oncogenic HRAS.
High G2M Pathway Score Pancreatic Cancer is Associated with Worse Survival, Particularly after Margin-Positive (R1 or R2) Resection
Authors: Oshi Masanori , Newman Stephanie , Tokumaru Yoshihisa , Yan Li , Matsuyama Ryusei , Endo Itaru , Katz Matthew H. G. , Takabe Kazuaki
Published: October 2020

Pancreatic cancer is highly mortal due to uncontrolled cell proliferation. The G2M checkpoint pathway is an essential part of the cell cycle. We hypothesized that a high G2M pathway score is associated with cell proliferation and worse survival in pancreatic cancer patients. Gene set variation analysis using the Hallmark G2M checkpoint gene set was used as a score to analyze a total of 390 human pancreatic cancer patients from 3 cohorts (TCGA, GSE62452, GSE57495). High G2M score tumors enriched other cell proliferation genes sets as well as MKI67 expression, pathological grade, and proliferation score. Independent of other prognostic factors, G2M score was predictive of disease-specific survival in pancreatic cancer. High G2M tumor was associated with high mutation rate of KRAS and TP53 and significantly enriched these pathway gene sets, as well as high infiltration of Th2 cells. High G2M score consistently associated with worse overall survival in 3 cohorts, particularly in R1/2 resection, but not in R0. High G2M tumor in R1/2 highly enriched metabolic and cellular components’ gene sets compared to R0. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use gene set variation analysis as a score to examine the clinical relevancy of the G2M pathway in pancreatic cancer.
Numerical Simulation of Melting Kinetics of Metal Particles during Tapping with Argon-Bottom Stirring
Authors: Chattopadhyay Kinnor , Morales-Davila Rodolfo , Nájera-Bastida Alfonso , Rodríguez-Ávila Jafeth , Muñiz-Valdés Carlos Rodrigo
Published: October 2020

Molten steel is alloyed during tapping from the melting furnace to the argon-bottom stirred ladle. The metallic additions thrown to the ladle during the ladle filling time are at room temperature. The melting rates or kinetics of sinking-metals, like nickel, are simulated through a multiphase Euler–Lagrangian mathematical model during this operation. The melting rate of a metallic particle depends on its trajectory within regions of the melt with high or low turbulence levels, delaying or speeding up their melting process. At low steel levels in the ladle, the melting rates are higher on the opposite side of the plume zone induced by the bottom gas stirring. This effect is due to its deviation after the impact of the impinging jet on the ladle bottom. The higher melting kinetics are located on both sides at high steel levels due to the more extensive recirculation flows formed in taller baths. Making the additions above the eye of the argon plume spout increases the melting rate of nickel particles. The increase of the superheat makes the heat flux more significant from the melt to the particle, increasing its melting rate. At higher superheats, the melting kinetics become less dependent on the fluid dynamics of the melt.