bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un capitalisme du don
Authors: Ferret Nathan
Published: December 2024

En proposant une sociographie de l’argent sur Twitch, cet article cherche à mettre en évidence les logiques et les déterminants sociaux de l’économie du don par streaming. Pour cela, il mobilise et met en regard deux bases de données sur les streamers et les viewers qui, éclairées par des entretiens et une ethnographie virtuelle, exposent et expliquent la répartition des revenus des vidéastes et la propension de leur public à donner. Le don apparaît alors comme une forme socialement acceptable de monétisation des émotions, des interactions et de l’intégration sociale dans la sphère numérique, favorisant économiquement la performance de la féminité en ligne et ciblant les jeunes les plus fragiles socialement. Exploité par la plateforme, ce système de monétisation par don déploie une mise valeur capitaliste non marchande et profondément encastrée dans les logiques du lien social sur Internet.
Bilateral Ectasia After SMILE Combined With Accelerated Corneal Cross-linking (SMILE-Xtra)
Authors: Pagano Luca , Vinciguerra Paolo , Fantozzi Marco , Catanese Anna Maria , Vinciguerra Riccardo
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To present the first reported case of bilateral ectasia following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) associated with corneal cross-linking (CXL).

Methods

A 20-year-old woman was referred for bilateral corneal ectasia 2 years after uneventful bilateral SMILE combined with accelerated CXL (SMILE-Xtra) for myopic correction. The preoperative refraction was −3.00 −0.75 × 10° in the right eye and −2.50 −0.50 × 165° in the left eye. The preoperative corneal topography showed a minimum corneal thickness of 488 µm in the right eye and 498 µm in the left eye.

Results

Initial follow-up results showed stable visual acuity, but she presented 24 months later with reduced vision in the left eye, revealing bilateral ectasia. Scheimpflug examination confirmed central ectasia in the left eye and subtle initial ectasia in the right eye. Biomechanical analysis demonstrated altered parameters and epithelial mapping revealed epithelial thinning.

Conclusions

This study challenges previous assertions about the efficacy of SMILE-Xtra in preventing ectasia, because it presents the first documented case of this complication. The findings emphasize the importance of exercising caution in treating corneas at risk, regardless of the association of CXL, especially when the cornea is considered suspicious. This highlights a broader concern that all refractive surgeries may carry a risk of inducing ectasia, underscoring the necessity for careful patient selection and continuous refinement of surgical protocols for optimal safety outcomes.

[
Journal of Refractive Surgery Case Reports.
2024;4(4):e40–e45.]
L’ḥarga e le sue bruciature. Riflessioni sulla migrazione “irregolare” tunisina a partire da alcune note etnografiche
Authors: Russo Carmelo
Published: December 2024

Scopo di questo contributo è analizzare ‘le bruciature’ dell’ḥarga, la traversata del Mediterraneo compiuta da migranti privi di passaporto e di visto, con cui – appunto – si bruciano documenti e identità, frontiere e confini, come suggerisce l’etimo del verbo ḥaraqa, a partire da materiale etnografico raccolto “di prima mano”. ‘Sostare’ sulle storie di coloro che l’ḥarga l’hanno esperita e/o immaginata restituisce approcci innovativi e originali, sottraendo i protagonisti a stereotipi e semplificazioni, in cui emergono ambizioni personali e desiderio di cambiamento enfatizzati dalle disillusioni post-Primavera e da una condizione di stagnazione dei “giovani”, sfiduciati verso il futuro tunisino. Al contempo, rivela come i vissuti siano ampiamente permeati dalle disuguaglianze a livello geopolitico tra Nord e Sud globali. In una pluralità di atteggiamenti, significati non univoci nelle percezioni e nelle valenze morali, verso le quali gli stessi soggetti si consegnano a una ambivalenza in cui stigma e discolpa si pongono in rapporto dialettico, l’ḥarga permette di sfuggire alla procrastinazione dell’incertezza e dell’avvilimento e di sfidare lo stato normativo dell’immobilità dovuto alla costruzione di illegalità e illegittimità. L’ḥarga emergerà in forma di rappresentazioni collettive in grado di permeare le singolarità delle esistenze in cui giocano un ruolo di rilievo la consapevolezza delle difficoltà dovute alle restrizioni per l’ottenimento di un visto, il paternalismo dello sguardo “occidentale”, la sudditanza postcoloniale nei confronti dell’Europa, le limitazioni di qualificarsi quali “migranti regolari”, la violenza e l’aggressività dei controlli, la volontà europea di esclusione degli indesiderabili.
Nessuna disciplina si salva da sola. Diario di un’etnografia in Antartide #1
Authors: Bougleux Elena
Published: December 2024

Le basi antartiche si possono raggiungere e abitare solo grazie ai progetti di ricerca. Il Trattato Antartico stabilisce per tutto il continente uno stato giuridico speciale, sovranazionale, ispirato alla ricerca scientifica, alla protezione ambientale e alla collaborazione. I progetti di ricerca che sto osservando da circa un mese, trovandomi in una delle basi italiane gestite dal PNRA, sono tutti costruiti intorno a una multidisciplinarietà di base, che chiama in causa le conoscenze fondamentali delle scienze naturali. Il progetto che porta me in Antartide è a sua volta multidisciplinare, ma in un senso più ampio, profondo e critico, che mi mette nella condizione di osservare macro-processi e micro-dinamiche che contribuiscono in modo non lineare alla costruzione della conoscenza.
Unravelling Challenges and Embracing African Perspectives in Writing
Authors: Nyewe Peter Khwezi
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores how problem statements are framed, focusing on their relevance on Africanization in education. By addressing the specific challenges encountered in educational research and practice and embracing indigenous African viewpoints, the researcher aims to develop solutions that are more attuned to the diverse requirements of scholars in African universities. Through a thorough review of existing literature, this chapter aims to highlight the importance of well-written problem statements in guiding research efforts, and the potential of Africanization to enhance educational practices.
Crafting an Effective Research Proposal
Authors: Krishna Kumari R.
Published: December 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive guide to writing an effective research proposal. It covers the fundamental components of a research proposal, including the title, abstract, introduction, literature review, research questions, methodology, timeline, budget, and references. The chapter emphasizes the importance of clear, concise, and well-organized writing and provides practical advice for developing a robust research design and preparing a realistic budget and timeline. Through detailed explanations, practical examples, and step-by-step instructions, readers will learn how to effectively communicate their research objectives, significance, methodology, and potential impact.
Strategizing Research Areas for Crafting Publishable Articles
Authors: Musendekwa Menard
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the strategic process of identifying research areas that are likely to yield publishable articles in academic journals. It examines methodologies for pinpointing promising topics, assessing gaps in existing literature, and aligning with current trends and interests in the field. By providing practical insights and illustrative examples, this study offers a roadmap for selecting research areas that contribute to the advancement of knowledge and enhance the author's academic profile and reputation. This exploration aims to foster a culture of scholarly excellence and effective dissemination within the academic community.
Principles of Equality
Authors: Küçüksüleymanoğlu Rüyam
Published: December 2024

Education has long been recognised as a basic human right and a critically-important requisite for the productivity and well-being of individuals and for the economic and social development of entire societies. Social justice and equal opportunity in education are fundamental principles that underpin efforts to create a more just and equitable society. Funding mechanisms, resource allocation policies, curriculum standards, and assessment practices often reflect and reinforce existing power dynamics, privileging certain groups while marginalizing others. By dismantling barriers, challenging biases, and advocating for systemic change, a future where every individual has the opportunity to reach their full potential and contribute to a more just and prosperous society can be created. Social justice in education involves creating a learning environment that is equitable and inclusive, where all students, regardless of their background, have access to the resources, opportunities, and support they need to thrive.
Education Policies Re-Evaluation From the Perspective of Equality and Diversity
Authors: Nartgün Şenay Sezgin , Nartgun Zekeriya
Published: December 2024

This section discusses the importance of re-evaluating education policies from an equality and justice perspective and the scope of this process. Today, it is seen that many countries have taken an important step to ensure that societies progress towards a more inclusive and fair future by basing their education policies on the principles of equality and justice. However, it may not always be possible to achieve these determined goals. For this reason, if policy makers need to take equal and fair measures to ensure the functionality of policies, they should revise the policies in an inclusive manner. It will be possible to realize the structural and cultural changes needed in education systems by maintaining constant communication and interaction between policy makers, educators and education stakeholders. In addition, with the increasing use of technology in education, digital inequalities are also becoming a problem.
Technology and Education
Authors: Topal Arzu Deveci , Geçer Aynur Kolburan
Published: December 2024

Digital technologies have an important role in increasing diversity and access in educational processes. However, although digital environments are becoming widespread, it is also seen that there are inequalities such as socio-economic level, rural-urban formation, lack of infrastructure, etc. in access to these environments. Digital equity in education is the promotion of fairness and equality in access to digital technologies (including hardware, software, high quality broadband, etc.), digital skills, uses and attitudes for all students (OECD, 2023). In this book chapter, under the title of Diversity and Equality in the Digital World, the topics of Digital Equality and Inclusion in Education, Digital Inequalities in Educational Environments, Digital Diversity and Access to Resources, Developing the competencies of teachers and administrators to use digital resources inclusively, and Policies and Practices on Diversity and Equality are included.
Mapping Collaborative Pathways
Authors: Rainwater Tabatha
Published: December 2024

This chapter is a literature review of change in school systems with Distrubuted eadership. This book chapter will investigate a thematic analysis of included literature, a methodological review, and a synthesis of the thematic analysis and methodological review. This literature review will answer two main research questions: (1) How is distributed leadership being analyzed by social network analysis within the educational field? (2) What are the major themes across this body of work? In the discussion section, this book chapter considers the theory, policy, and practice implications for future directions of research.
Toward Reconciliation
Authors: Clark Jeneva , Nunnally Shayla C. , Anderson Christina M.
Published: December 2024

Apologies are powerful tools for reconciling past injustices and promoting equity when those apologies acknowledge systemic barriers that marginalized groups have historically faced. However, the actual impact of such acknowledgments in educational settings remains underexplored. This chapter examines a significant case where, in 1960, an African American graduate student was denied access to a mathematical organization's annual meeting due to racial segregation in the southern United States. Sixty-four years later, in 2024, the organization publicly issued a resolution of apology for this injustice. We explore the impact of this apology on the broader community of students, faculty, and staff who witnessed the public apology. This book chapter describes the observable impact based on survey data and observations. This case study examines how this apology resonated within the academic community, shedding light on perceptions of inclusivity, equity, and justice.
Machine Learning-Driven Internet of Medical Things (ML-IoMT)-Based Healthcare Monitoring System
Authors: Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat
Published: December 2024

In order to forecast nine deadly diseases, including blood pressure, diabetes, hepatitis, and kidney disorders, seven machine learning classification algorithms were utilised in this work: adaptive boosting, Random Forest, Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, Naïve Bayes, Artificial Neural Networks, and K-Nearest Neighbour. Performance criteria such as Accuracy, Precision, and Recall are employed to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed model. Four measures are used to assess the classifiers' performance: accuracy, precision, recall, and precision. The present healthcare model reaches a minimum accuracy of 82.3% and a maximum accuracy of 95.7% for each condition. Every disease has a minimum precision of 81.4% and a maximum precision of 95.7%, as well as a minimum recall of 64.3% and a maximum recall of 90.3%
Personalized Medicine and Genomic Analysis Section
Authors: Selvakumar P. , Gagana  , Goyal Reema , Chaudhry Navneet
Published: December 2024

Systems biology is emerging as a comprehensive science to accomplish more accurate modelling of complex diseases as a result of recent developments in high-throughput technologies. Many believe that personalised medicine will become more prevalent soon. Nonetheless, two-tiered personalised medicine is replacing two-tiered health systems. Omics facilities are only found in wealthy areas, and personalised medicine will probably make the already widening divide between high- and low-income countries' health systems even wider. An increasing lag between our capacity to produce and evaluate large amounts of data reflects this. The move from conventional to personalised medicine is slowed down by a number of bottlenecks, including the production of high-throughput data at a reasonable cost, on a personal and global scale. This paper offers a current overview of significant advancements in big data analysis as well as future directions for quickening the global shift to personalised medicine. Genetic illness affects almost all medical fields.
Cruising Deep Convolution Neural Networks (DCNN) and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Fostering Smart Healthcare
Authors: Singh Bhupinder
Published: December 2024

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) enable smart healthcare by way of internet connected medical devices referred to as the Internet Of Medical Things (IoMT) in modern day medicine Through the integration of intelligent sensors, smart wearables and medical equipment as well as its application in long-term real-time patient health monitoring IoMT is enabling continuous care coupled with predictive analytics. It enables physicians and other care team members to make better informed, more timely treatment decisions tailored for the specific patient in order to keep them out of the hospital. The use of both these technologies together is creating a new era in remote patient management, topic illness surveillance as well as prevention care which help in improving the overall proactive health approach to patients would will prove better results over accessibility, efficiency and control by making every individual healthier.
Cybersecurity in the Age of Social Engineering
Authors: Pratap Ajay , Giri Gauri
Published: December 2024

In the digital era, the proliferation of social engineering attacks poses a significant threat to cybersecurity. Unlike traditional cyber threats that exploit technical vulnerabilities, social engineering attacks manipulate human psychology to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information and systems. This paper explores the evolving landscape of social engineering, examining its various forms such as phishing, pretexting, baiting, and tailgating. The core of this study focuses on developing comprehensive defense strategies to mitigate the risks associated with social engineering. We advocate for a multi-layered approach that integrates technological solutions, such as advanced email filters and anomaly detection systems, with human-centric measures, including rigorous training programs and awareness campaigns. We highlight the importance of fostering a security-conscious culture within organizations and analysed the critical role of both technology and human behavior in safeguarding information assets in the age of social engineering.
Exploration of Social Engineering in the Digital Era of Stealth
Authors: Manoharan Geetha , Dudhagara Chetan
Published: December 2024

Social engineering entails obtaining important information. Attackers may request varied victim details. After targeting someone, attackers aim to steal their bank account information or passwords or breach into their machine to install malicious software to take control. Social engineering is simpler than software infiltration because attackers exploit victim confidence. Tricking someone into giving their password is simpler than hacking it. Trusting people and things is crucial to security. Finding out if someone is who they say they are is crucial. Trusting a website and giving your personal information: when? Thus, every respected security expert agrees that the weakest link in the security system is the believer. Even with locks and deadbolts on our doors and windows, guard dogs, alarm systems, floodlights, barbed wire fences, and armed guards, the pizza delivery man at the gate can get in. This chapter expands on social engineering and safety.
Empowering Cyber Resilience
Authors: Pratap Ajay , Rastogi Gauri
Published: December 2024

Social engineering remains an enduring and emerging threat in cybersecurity. This chapter delves into the fluid landscape of social engineering threats, examining the strategies employed by cyber criminals and providing valuable perspectives on the current defence mechanisms that organizations and individuals can utilize for the efficient reduction of these vulnerabilities. The development of social engineering threats is propelled by a profound grasp of human psychology, coupled with the growing dependence on digital communication and information-sharing channels. This paper underscores the importance of collaboration among individuals, organizations, and security experts in the continuous effort to combat social engineering. It highlights the significance of staying informed about emerging threats and continuously improving defensive strategies to confront the constantly evolving landscape of social engineering attacks. This article introduces a comprehensive framework designed to address these challenges and shape the future of cybersecurity.
Social Engineering in Social Media and Online Interactions
Authors: Vashishth Tarun Kumar , Sharma Vikas , Sharma Kewal Krishan , Chaudhary Sachin , Kaushik Sachin , Bagar Vinod Kumar
Published: December 2024

Social engineering in social media and online interactions has emerged as a critical concern in the digital age, driven by the increasing interconnectivity and sharing of personal information online. This study is motivated by the growing prevalence of cyberattacks that exploit human psychology rather than technical vulnerabilities, targeting individuals through platforms where they share personal details. By examining various social engineering techniques such as phishing, pretexting, and baiting. This research highlights the methods attackers use to manipulate individuals and the specific vulnerabilities they exploit in social media environments. The study leverages data from recent cases and surveys to analyze the effectiveness of these techniques and the impact on both individuals and organizations. The findings underscore the significant risks posed by social engineering attacks, revealing the psychological underpinnings that make such tactics so effective.
The Rising Threat of Deepfake Technology and Frightening Advancements of Social Engineering
Authors: Yasmeen Gausiya , Afaq Syed Adnan , Ahmed Tasneem
Published: December 2024

Advancements in digital technologies have made it difficult to distinguish between real and fake media, leading to privacy and security threats. Deepfake, a combination of deep learning and fake, is a technique used to replace or mask someone else's face in images or videos. Social engineering (SE) attacks exploit human attributes and psychology to bypass technical security measures for malicious acts. Deepfake videos, created using artificial intelligence (AI), pose a significant threat to society, politics, and businesses. Deepfakes pose a significant threat, they can be combated through legislation, regulation, corporate policies, voluntary action, education, training, and the development of technology for deepfake detection, content authentication, and prevention. Common deepfakes include pornographic videos, political deepfakes, financial crimes, and synthetic audio. The paper explores deepfake technology, its benefits, challenges, and detection techniques.
Phishing Detection System Using Machine Learning
Authors: Datta Aparna , Gomes Michael
Published: December 2024

Phishing attacks pose significant threats by tricking individuals and organizations into divulging sensitive information through deceptive websites and emails. This research paper presents a Phishing Detection System (PDS) designed to mitigate such threats using advanced machine learning techniques. The system's architecture includes data collection, feature extraction, a detection engine, and a response module. It employs machine learning algorithms such as Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, and Random Forest to optimize detection accuracy. The PDS provides real-time alerts, blocks malicious sites, and quarantines suspicious emails, achieving high detection accuracy with minimal false positives and negatives. Future enhancements focus on scalability, advanced machine learning integration, and user education. This system represents a significant advancement in cybersecurity by offering robust protection and actionable insights against phishing threats.
Assortment of Social Engineering Attacks in the New Digital Era
Authors: Manoharan Geetha , Dudhagara Chetan
Published: December 2024

Social engineering involves stealing secrets. Assaults seek different information each person. Deception is used to gain passwords, financial data, and viruses. This spyware may steal passwords, financial data, and computer control. Attackers utilize social engineering because victim confidence is easier to influence than program weaknesses. Phishing for a password is easier than cracking it. Fast technical change has increased social engineering assaults, which target psychology rather than technology. Hackers utilize many methods to deceive people into disclosing sensitive information or taking digital security risks. We discuss numerous digital social engineering attacks in this chapter. Discussing phishing, pretexting, baiting, quid pro quo, and whaling. We also explore attackers' psychological manipulation and their massive damage to people and organizations. We emphasize awareness, education, and training to prevent social engineering assaults and protect crucial data in the digital era.
Countering Hate and Toxic Speech Online and Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian
Published: December 2024

The proliferation of online hate speech has emerged as one of the most pressing global concerns today, corroding digital communication and undermining security within various communities. This paper broadens the context to understand computers from legal perspective, and more specifically Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), can be amalgamated using a new host of detecting tools against online hate speech. This chapter is significant because of its potential to inform policies and regulations aimed at reducing the toxicity while preserving freedom using a well-rounded multidisciplinary approach. The goal is to pinpoint specific problems and suggest ways in which these issues might be addressed (if at all), while also exploring questions about the best most just or perhaps least unjust ethical frameworks for new methods of addiction detection and regulation on online platforms.
Creative Paradigms, Generative AI, and Copyright Law
Authors: Ghose Anuttama , Ali S. M. Aamir , Deshmukh Sachin Balwantrao
Published: December 2024

In recent years, owing to significant advancements in deep learning technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has started to replace human content creators and produce quality creative works on a wide scale. By the end of the decade, it is probable that a substantial quantity of art, literature, music, software, and online material will be generated by AI instead of conventional human creators. However, the law is not keeping pace with this technical advancement since it now prohibits granting copyright protection to works created by artificial intelligence. The aim of this chapter is to examine the intricacies of this expanding artistic field, specifically examining the modern techniques used by those who utilize AI to augment and amplify their creative pursuits.
The Future of Universities
Authors: Abdullahu Dafina , Ahmetaj Eriona
Published: December 2024

Context/Background -Today, the global world is moving in a challenging and leading direction with AI technology. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to address some of the biggest challenges in education in order to define innovative teaching and learning practices. Rapid technological developments undoubtedly inevitably bring great challenges and opportunities. How are studies being conceived and prepared with this new trend in society, how much will we have such an increase in technology versus the possibility of classic studies with modern ones, how will we see these approaches for use in study permit formats. Which will be the limits on which the next generation will build their academic levels, how many risks are presented in the implementation or non-implementation of a future without sufficient and proper assessment of AI, how should we face such a demanding and challenging trend for society and the academic world in the country. These will be some of the questions that will be addressed in this paper.
Violenza e giustizia
Authors: Audegean Philippe
Published: December 2024

Non disponibile.
Assessment of the knowledge of pregnant women with gestational diabetes regarding diet and physical activity in Morocco
Authors: Azargui Hanane , AL Ibrahmi Btihaj , Bour Abdellatif
Published: December 2024

Gestational diabetes is an increase in blood sugar levels that appears during pregnancy and disappears after delivery. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of pregnant women with gestational diabetes regarding diet and physical activity. We conducted a descriptive observational study using a well-structured questionnaire to evaluate data from 100 pregnant women with gestational diabetes. The average age of pregnant women was 30.92 years, with a notable concentration of participants in the 25-29 age group. The distribution of educational levels shows that secondary school constitutes the largest proportion at 32.0%. A very large percentage of participants agreed on the importance of incorporating vegetables and fiber into their diet while abstaining from processed meats. However, only 30% of participants understood the importance of choosing monounsaturated fats over saturated fats. 80% of our participants recognized the importance of physical activity in managing gestational diabetes. The results underline the need for better information and improved dietary education and physical activity for these patients in order to improve the outcome of these pregnancies at risk of complications.
Commento
Authors: Viarengo Anna Rita
Published: December 2024

Nel mio commento esprimo pieno accordo con gli autori relativamente a tutti i temi da loro affrontati. In particolare, sottolineo la centralità del primo colloquio e dell’accoglienza nei confronti di chi richiede la cura, al fine di costruire uno “spazio di agibilità psicologica”. La mia opinione è che il lavoro che svolgiamo con i nostri pazienti fin dal primo incontro e all'interno del processo analitico non sia un lavoro di rivelazione bensì di costruzione di significati. Soffermandomi sulla consultazione in età evolutiva, sottolineo l’importanza di favorire la disponibilità dei genitori. Infine, anche a mio parere assume grande rilevanza l’inserimento della domanda di cura in un contesto di rete, che apre alla possibilità di un confronto fra i clinici.
A novel study of the impact of supply chain complexity on the bullwhip effect
Authors: El-Beheiry Mohammed , Taha Raghda , Ismail Tamer , Adel Yasmin
Published: December 2024

Background: The coronavirus pandemic exposed global supply chain vulnerabilities, causing fluctuating demand for products. This resulted in the bullwhip effect, which posed a substantial challenge for supply chain management. This study focusses on the analysis of the effect of supply chain configurations and structure on the bullwhip effect.Objectives: The research quantitatively studies the effect of the strategic supply chain structure at the design phase on amplifying the bullwhip effect. Furthermore, it studies the expected interaction during operation, which may further amplify or dampen it.Method: The study introduces a simulation model and examines the influence of several design decisions and operations parameters and their interactions on the efficiency of supply chain operations. A simulation model is created for several supply chain configurations, each with distinct structure complexity. The bullwhip effect measures are collected and a factorial analysis is conducted to examine the interactions among the parameters and their impact on the performance.Results: The findings indicate that an increase in demand unpredictability results in a greater bullwhip effect, irrespective of the inventory strategy or structural intricacy. But the level of increase does not necessarily match the increase in complexity and can be amplified or damped by interactions between operating parameters.Conclusion: Supply network architects should consider the level of structural complexity to mitigate amplifications of demand variations and to optimise the supply chain’s overall operation.Contribution: The research represents a novel work to quantitatively link the bullwhip effect of a supply chain to the complexity of its supply chain structure.
Honey badgers in and around Table Mountain National Park, Cape Town
Authors: Nattrass Nicoli , Wittenberg Benjamin S. , Woodgate Zoë , O’Riain M. Justin
Published: December 2024

No abstract is available.
Incidence and Nature of Neurological Complications among Coronavirus Disease 2019 Intensive Care Unit Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Alhazzaa Alwaleed Abdullah , Alahmadi Yasser Saud , Aldehaim Fahad Mohammed , Almesned Bishri Fawzan , Allowaihiq Lujain Habeeb , Alsharif Lana Zaid , Alalwan Walaa Ibrahim Mohammed , Kharaba Ayman , Almalki Sami
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global health challenge. Neurological complications arising due to SARS-CoV-2 infection or its systemic manifestations complicate clinical course and prognosis. This study characterised the incidence and impact of neurological complications on outcomes among critically ill COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

This retrospective study examined data from 1086 adult COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) of tertiary hospitals between 22 June 2020 and 22 October 2020. Patient demographics, comorbidities, neurological complications, lengths of stay, need for mechanical ventilation (MV) and outcomes were retrieved. Neurological outcomes studied included stroke, seizures and intracerebral haemorrhage. The study utilised IBM SPSS Statistics version 27 for statistical analysis, focusing on clinical features, neurological complications, demographics and patient outcomes. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages, whereas continuous variables were shown as means and standard deviations. Neurological complication incidence rates were computed, and associations were determined using Chi-square tests. Comparisons between groups were performed using one-way analysis of variance with post hoc tests. Multiple logistic regression assessed the impact of neurological complications on outcomes, whereas Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were used for survival analysis.

Results:

The mean age was 55 years with male preponderance. Overall neurological complication incidence was 2.6% for stroke, 1.8% for seizures and 2.8% for intracerebral haemorrhage. Lengths of stay and ventilation duration were significantly prolonged among patients with the above complications compared to those without. Stroke influenced microbiological cure rates, with more patients achieving cure without stroke. Patients with stroke, seizures or intracerebral haemorrhage had lower rates of ICU discharge within 28 days and higher mortality.

Conclusion:

Neurological involvement independently impacted the clinical course and survival in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Stroke, seizures and intracerebral haemorrhage acted as risk factors for adverse outcomes by prolonging recovery, MV requirement and increasing mortality. Longer stays incurred by neurological issues reinforce the need for vigilant monitoring, multidisciplinary care and resource allocation. Strategies accounting for neurological involvement can help optimise care pathways and improve prognosis.
Unlocking the benefits of Drug Master File filing in the Indian pharmaceutical industries
Authors: Pathak Rahul , Singal Rajat , Mitra Sandip , Koul Sanjay , Sharma Supriya
Published: December 2024

Ensuring the safety and quality of drugs is a crucial component for the development of any pharmaceutical industry. This requires stringent regulation in the process of drug manufacturing and marketing. A Drug Master File (DMF) serves as a comprehensive document containing information about the quality, safety, and manufacturing procedure/facility of a drug or drug substance. Many countries with highly regulated markets use the DMF system extensively to protect their intellectual property rights while providing accurate and detailed information about their products to regulatory bodies. In India, the regulatory body, the Central Drug Standard Control Organization, does not currently mandate the submission of a DMF. However, adopting a DMF system may have immense benefits to regulatory bodies, pharmaceutical industries, as well as to patients. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of DMF and highlight the significance of its adoption in India.
The role of very low-dose prophylaxis in severe hemophilia patients
Authors: Aggarwal Sunita , Tomar Anshul , Kumar Kapil , Kumar Ankitesh , Kumar Suresh , Garg Sandeep , Kumar Naresh , Nandi Sudipta
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Very low-dose prophylaxis of antihemophilic factor (AHF) in hemophilia involves administration of minimal amounts of clotting factor concentrates, typically below standard doses, to maintain baseline levels and reduce bleeding episodes. This method uses smaller, more frequent doses to balance bleeding prevention and cost-effectiveness. Close monitoring ensures adequate protection while avoiding overtreatment, offering a tailored, cost-effective approach to improve the quality of life (QoL) of the hemophiliacs.

AIM:

The study aims to study the bleeding risks in patients with severe hemophilia who are on very low-dose AHF prophylaxis. It also seeks to assess the annual consumption of AHF in the hemophiliacs. In addition, the research will determine the QoL in both groups using the social functioning (SF)-36 questionnaire,evaluate patient compliance with the prophylactic regimen, and check functional disability using the Functional Independence Score in Hemophilia (FISH).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The patients selected for the study were diagnosed with cases of hemophilia and were planned for any surgical procedure. The study was a cross-sectional study lasting 12 months. Patients over 13 years were included and patients with any other bleeding tendencies were excluded from the study.

RESULTS:

The differences found in the study, were significant in terms of annual bleed rate (ABR), amount of AHF consumed, SF-36, and FISH scores.

CONCLUSION:

Our study found that very low-dose prophylaxis significantly reduced the ABR in hemophilia patients. Functional independence worsened in the control group but remained stable in the test group, which showed significant improvements in SF-36 domains. The test group had no inhibitor development and showed a decline in severe bleeds, proving the efficacy and superiority of low-dose prophylaxis over on-demand therapy.
Novel insights into non-coding RNAs and their role in hydrocephalus
Authors: Cui Zhiyue , He Jian , Li An , Wang Junqiang , Yang Yijian , Wang Kaiyue , Liu Zhikun , Ouyang Qian , Su Zhangjie , Hu Pingsheng , Xiao Gelei
Published: December 2024

A large body of evidence has highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation. This evidence has led to increasing speculation that non-coding RNAs may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hydrocephalus, one of the most common neurological conditions worldwide. In this review, we first outline the basic concepts and incidence of hydrocephalus along with the limitations of existing treatments for this condition. Then, we outline the definition, classification, and biological role of non-coding RNAs. Subsequently, we analyze the roles of non-coding RNAs in the formation of hydrocephalus in detail. Specifically, we have focused on the potential significance of non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus, including glymphatic pathways, neuroinflammatory processes, and neurological dysplasia, on the basis of the existing evidence. Lastly, we review the potential of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of hydrocephalus and for the creation of innovative treatments.
Assessment of Efficacy of Six Different Moisturizing Creams in Maintaining the Hydration of Skin in Healthy Human Volunteers
Authors: Dashore Shuken , Pande Sushil , Lambghare Nancy
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Moisturizers are routinely prescribed so for adequate hydration of the skin. There are various preparations of these moisturizers in the market making it difficult for a dermatologist to choose the most effective moisturizer.

Objectives:

To compare the efficacy of six different commonly used commercial and prescription based skin moisturizers.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 30 human healthy volunteers of the same age group were enrolled in a study. We selected six sites on the dorsum of hand (A, B, C, D, E, and F) for the application of moisturizers. In this study, we used six different commercially available moisturizers namely Emoderm® cream, Secalia® cream, Amylac® 12% cream, Ponds® cream, Nivea® cream, Dove® cream. Baseline moisture level reading of the areas selected was taken (A, B, C, D, E, and F) with the help of digital skin moisture analyzer. Digital skin moisture analyzer is a portable device that uses bioelectric impedance analysis technology. Readings were taken at the end of 15 min, 30 min, and 1 h after application of the cream.

Results:

At the end of 15 min, only Dove moisturizer could retain the baseline moisture level in the skin without positive or negative change. Moisture levels were reduced in other groups. At the end of 30 min, Secalia® moisturizer produced an increase in moisture level over the baseline - 4.76%. Moisture levels were below baseline in other groups. Secalia® moisturizer produced the maximum increase in moisture level over the baseline at the end of 1 h - 21.99%. The only other moisturizers to produce moisture level above baseline after 60 min were Dove® 5.02% and Amylac®- 5.66%.

Conclusion:

We conclude that epidermal hydration produced by moisturizers influences the electrical properties of skin. Humectants cause a significant increase in moisture levels as assessed by digital skin moisture analyzer.
Birational Kleinian groups
Authors: Zhao Shengyuan
Published: December 2024

We study birational Kleinian groups, i.e. groups of birational transformations of complex projective varieties acting in a free, properly discontinuous and cocompact way on an open subset of the variety with respect to the usual topology. We obtain a classification in dimension 2.
Asymptotic expansions for harmonic functions at conical boundary points
Authors: Kriventsov Dennis , Li Zongyuan
Published: December 2024

We prove three theorems about the asymptotic behavior of solutions

u

to the homogeneous Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation at boundary points with tangent cones. First, under very mild hypotheses, we show that the doubling index of

u

either has a unique finite limit, or goes to infinity; in other words, there is a well-defined order of vanishing. Second, under more quantitative hypotheses, we prove that if the order of vanishing of

u

is finite at a boundary point

0

, then locally

u(x) = |x|^{m} \psi(x/|x|) + o(|x|^{m})

, where

|x|^{m} \psi(x/|x|)

is a homogeneous harmonic function on the tangent cone. Finally, we construct a convex domain in three dimensions where such an expansion fails at a boundary point, showing that some quantitative hypotheses are necessary in general. The assumptions in all of the results only involve regularity at a single point, and in particular are much weaker than what is necessary for unique continuation, monotonicity of Almgren’s frequency, Carleman estimates, or other related techniques.
Endpoint estimates for higher order Marcinkiewicz multipliers
Authors: Bakas Odysseas , Ciccone Valentina , Parissis Ioannis , Vitturi Marco
Published: December 2024

We consider Marcinkiewicz multipliers of any lacunary order defined by means of uniformly bounded variation on each lacunary Littlewood–Paley interval of some fixed order

\tau\geq 1

. We prove the optimal endpoint bounds for such multipliers as a corollary of a more general endpoint estimate for a class of multipliers introduced by Coifman, Rubio de Francia and Semmes, and further studied by Tao and Wright. Our methods also yield the best possible endpoint mapping property for higher order Hörmander–Mihlin multipliers, namely, multipliers which are singular on every point of a lacunary set of order

\tau

. These results can be considered as endpoint versions of corresponding results of Sjögren and Sjölin. Finally, our methods generalize a weak square function characterization of the space

L\log^{1/2}L

in terms of a square function introduced by Tao and Wright: we realize such a weak characterization as the dual of the Chang–Wilson–Wolff inequality, thus giving corresponding weak square function characterizations for the spaces

L\log^{\tau/2}L

for general integer orders

\tau\geq 1

.
Genetic Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Deletions and Their Impact on Malaria Interventions in Odisha, India
Authors: Mohanty Stuti , Jones Abbey M. , Dash Swagatika , Chhatria Satya Ranjan , Padhan Timir Kanta , Mohanty Sanjib , Carlton Jane M. , Ompad Danielle C. , Kessler Anne , Sahu Praveen Kishore
Published: December 2024

Diagnostic escape via Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletions is a major potential hurdle for global malaria elimination efforts. We investigated the prevalence of pfhrp2 gene deletions in 15 malaria-endemic villages in the state of Odisha, India, and modeled their impact on an ongoing in-country malaria intervention program. We found that 61.6% of subpatent P. falciparum infections (i.e., rapid diagnostic test [RDT]-negative and positive by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) had pfhrp2 gene deletions, which were predominantly located in the exon 2 region (96.2%) and largely identified in samples from febrile individuals (82.6%). DNA sequencing and protein diversity features were characterized in a subset of samples from individuals with subpatent infections carrying intact pfhrp2 exon 2 loci. Our analyses revealed novel amino acid repeat motifs (231–293 amino acids), and these variant repeat sequences differed from those of RDT+/PCR+ samples. We also evaluated the state-sponsored mass screening and treatment intervention in the context of pfhrp2 gene deletions. We found that mass screening and treatment conducted alongside additional interventions (e.g., long-lasting insecticidal net distribution, indoor residual spraying) reduced the relative risk of infection for both P. falciparum parasites harboring a pfhrp2 deletion (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1–1.0) and P. falciparum parasites with intact pfhrp2 genes (aRRR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2–1.1) when compared with the use of mass screening and treatment by RDT alone. Combined, our findings highlight the need for alternative diagnostic targets and tools as India moves toward its goal of malaria elimination by 2030.
Uporaba drevesnice SST v raziskavah govorjene slovenščine: prednosti in omejitve
Authors: Dobrovoljc Kaja
Published: December 2024

Kljub porastu jezikoslovnih raziskav govorjene slovenščine, ki si prizadevajo za popis številnih doslej prezrtih posebnosti govorjenega jezika v primerjavi s pisnim, metodologija tovrstnih razprav večinoma temelji na kvalitativni analizi razmeroma majhnih ter zvrstno ali demografsko omejenih vzorcev jezikovne rabe, kar omejuje ponovljivost raziskav in možnost posploševanja spoznanj na govorjeno slovenščino kot celoto. Kot eno izmed možnosti za premostitev tega problema v prispevku predstavljamo drevesnico govorjene slovenščine SST (angl. Spoken Slovenian Treebank), prostodostopni oblikoslovno in skladenjsko označeni reprezentativni vzorec referenčnega korpusa govorjene slovenščine Gos, in ponazarjamo njen metodološki potencial za nadaljnje korpusne raziskave govorjene slovenščine. Na primeru treh tipično govorjenih pojavov (samopopravljanja, diskurzni členki in dodani ujemalni pridevniški prilastki) prikažemo uporabo drevesnice SST za enostaven priklic številnih avtentičnih primerov rabe, na primeru analize pogostosti samopopravljanj glede na različne sporazumevalne okoliščine pa ponazorimo tudi njeno uporabnost za raznolike statistične analize jezikovne rabe. Poleg najpomembnejših prednosti drevesnice SST, kot so uravnoteženost, odprta dostopnost, ročna slovnična označenost in neposredna primerljivost z drugimi tovrstnimi korpusi po svetu, v sklepnem delu izpostavimo tudi nekaj omejitev, kot sta razmeroma majhna velikost ter robustna, v pisni jezik usmerjena označevalna shema.
Mnenja vzgojiteljev o usvajanju slovenščine otrok priseljencev
Authors: Skubic Darija , Ocvirk Ana
Published: December 2024

Due to globalization, Slovenian society is becoming increasingly bilingual and even multilingual. This article presents the opinions of preschool teachers on the acquisition of the Slovenian language by immigrant children. In a survey in which 163 preschool teachers participated, the respondents agreed most with the statement that a child needs a safe environment to learn the language of their surroundings in an optimal manner, and least with the statement that we have guidelines at kindergarten level for working with children whose mother tongue is not Slovene. The respondents identified kindergarten as an important factor for the acquisition of Slovene as a second/foreign language.