bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poverty Profiles of Sylhet City Corporation: An MPI Approach
Authors: Faruque Uddin Mohammed , Nazmul Huda Syed
Published: December 2016

Does income measure of poverty explain it meticulously? To seek this answer we claim poverty is not a unidimensional phenomenon rather it adheres multidimensionality. Sen (2000) views poverty as the deprivation of certain basic capabilities, which varies from elementary physical nourishment to the community life. However, targeting slum dwellers, this article sought to advance multidimensional poverty measures in SCC (Sylhet City Corporation). The study adopts a mixed method approach to examine so. Finding shows that, there are some variations in the percentage of poor households. In terms of income and expenditure 60% households are identified as poor but in MPI number increases to 75%. Data from in-depth interview exhibits that respondents feel themselves as income poor. Some of them consider deprivation of education is the consequence of that income poverty. In addition, few respondents dimple that health problems and physical disabilities mingle their poverty experiences.
The Ethical Dimension in the New Public Management: Revisiting the Theory of Accountability, the Case of Public Finances in Morocco
Authors: Mohamed Akhlaffou , Youssef El Wazani , Malika Souaf , Hafsa Lechheb
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we focus on the positioning of the ethical theory of accountability and the relevance of the new public management in the integration of the ethical dimension in the management of public organizations and non-profit organizations. The objective is to show how the NPM and the theory of accountability incorporate the ethical dimension, and to what extent these two theories consider ethics in the construction process of public action, the sense and nonsense in public management and its relationship with the position of ethics in the management of public organizations. This will be done through a case study on the ethical dimension in the management of public finances in Morocco, proposing recommendations to make accountability in public finances more transparent and ethical.
Los Estados De Afecto Positivo Y Afecto Negativo Como Variables Explicativas De La Ansiedad Escénica En Estudiantes De Magisterio
Authors: Zarza-Alzugaray Francisco Javier , Bustamante Juan Carlos , Casanova Oscar , Orejudo Santos
Published: December 2016

In the students of Primary Education Teaching we see how music performance anxiety proves to be one of the key problems for the overcoming of subjects related to musical study and practice. Thus we see how this problem is related to personal characteristics such as general anxiety, either trait or state, self-perceived musical competence or affects, either positive or negative, both trait and state. In this study we sought to analyse the predictive value that these variables have on the levels of the performance anxiety experienced. The results show how half of the students participating in the study show higher levels of performance anxiety than the theoretical mean of the measuring instrument used and how this construct is significantly related to general anxiety, self-perceived musical ability and affect. It has also been shown how, in order to explain the greater or lesser presence of music performance anxiety, both positive and negative affect in their state measure are those with greater explanatory capacity. More research is needed in order to create specific training programs that help students to generate regulatory adaptive mechanisms that help to better focus the music performance during the evaluative processes of this type of subjects.
Assessment of Yoruba Language Teachers’ Utilization of Evaluation Instruments in Grading Students
Authors: J.A Abijo
Published: December 2016

The study assessed Yoruba language teachers’ utilization of evaluation instruments in grading students.Using multistage sampling procedure, one hundred Yoruba language teachers who teach senior secondary classes two and three were randomly selected from 75 schools in three states of Nigeria (Oyo, Osun and Ekiti). Data were analysed using descriptive (frequency count and percentages) and t-test statistics. Result indicates that Yoruba language teachers adopt the multiple choice test and a combination of essay and objective tests in that order to grade students. Other evaluation instruments used and listed in order of utilization are oral test, practical work, submitted homework and student’s notes. Evaluation instrument that encourage higher thinking such as practical work and submitted home work are never or less often used respectively. In terms of group differences in the utilization of these instruments, findings show that the utilization of the multiple choice test is sensitive to teacher experience and professional status. This implies that teachers with more experiences (6 years and above) and those with professional training use multiple choice tests more frequently. Also, there is no statistical significant difference between male and female utilization of evaluation instruments. It was thus recommended that Yoruba language teachers should be exposed to training and re-training programme on the importance of using practical class activities and using of submitted home work for students as an evaluation instrument in grading Yoruba language students in schools.
A Contrastive Analysis of the Category of Number in English and Albanian Nominal System
Authors: Canta Agnesa
Published: December 2016

English and Albanian as members of the Indo-European trunk of languages undoubtedly share certain characteristics, common for all members of this family of languages, but as two structurally different languages, they also show significant differences. The main aim of this paper is to highlight not only some of the differences, but also similarities in regard to the grammatical category of number in English and Albanian nominal system. The paper is based on various English and Albanian grammar books, written by prominent authors, which provide an abundance of data examined through the contrastive method. The results indicate that nouns in these two languages show differences which concern several aspects of the grammatical category of number. Some of these differences concern the way these two languages treat nouns in the singular and plural number, the ways of forming the plural number, and their usage with articles and numerals. One essential difference, however, concerns the collective and compound nouns which show an almost complete discrepancy in these two languages due to the ways they write these nouns, and the ways these nouns function in these languages. Nevertheless, in spite of the differences, there are also some similarities that concern mainly the ways of forming the plural number, but also the group of nouns used only in the singular called “singularia tantum”, and those used only in the plural “pluralia tantum”.
Literature Female Travel: The Vision of Spain Throughout Six Foreign Writers
Authors: Cebrian Lorena Barco
Published: December 2016

Travel literature is a genre very known by the historiography; the researchers have been analyzed from the journeys of the Antiquity up to the Contemporaneousness. Nevertheless, those studies have showed a special interest for the travel literature produced by masculine subjects, whereas the literature produced by female writers has not been treated up to very recent dates. For it, in this work we propose to announce a series of women writers, some of them very known already, but others practically unknown in our country. These women, intrepid and bold travelers, travelled to Spain throughout the centuries of the Modernity, extending the period chronological until the Nineteenth century. It is of six women writers whose literary production, in most cases, has not been translated into Spanish.
A Foods and Nutrient Comparison Study of Meals Eaten at Home vs Meals Eaten at Head Start Centers in Washington DC, USA
Authors: Copeland Beverly M. , Johnson Allan A.
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this research was to investigate the food energy and nutrient intake, and adequacy of meals served at Head Start centers versus meals consumed at home among Head Start Children. A cross-sectional descriptive survey research design was utilized. A convenience sample of 195 Head Start child and caregiver pairs was recruited from two Head Start sites within the District of Columbia (DC). Weight and height were measured and used to calculate BMI. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) BMI for age and gender growth charts were used to evaluate BMI levels. Dietary intakes were collected using the 24-hour food recall method, and Head Start center menus were analyzed using Nutritionist Pro Software (Axxya Systems, Redmond, WA). Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19 (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results of the study showed no significant difference in total calorie intakes between the overweight/obese children and normal weight children who consumed meals both at home and at Head Start centers. However, in both overweight/obese and normal weight children who consumed meals totally at home, lower nutrient intakes were noted when compared to recommended levels. It was concluded that Head Start children who consumed meals both at school and home on the day of the recall, had higher intakes of food energy and were more likely to meet recommended nutrient intakes than Head Start children who did not consume any portion of their meals at school.
Ichtyofauna as a Determinant ofWater Eco-Stress Factors
Authors: Jikia Gogi , Lomtatidze Zurab , Nikolaishvili Marine , Koptonashvili Lali
Published: December 2016

Bacterial spread in fish gills and muscles with mesophilic aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microorganisms. These microorganisms are caught in 4 points of the river Alazani which depends on seasonal eutrophication of the water ecosystem. It also depends on the existence of microorganisms. In summer months when water gets warm and, at the same time, chemical and fecal masses flow into the water, the amount of microorganisms increase. As the temperature of the water decreases towards autumn-winter, rains increases which leads to reservoirs dilution and decrease in organic substances. They mostly occur in suspended condition and their amount in water decreases and thus in fish gills and muscles.
Análisis Del Comportamiento De Las Precipitaciones En Quevedo - Ecuador, Para La Planificación De Cultivos
Authors: Caicedo-Camposano Oscar , Cadena-Piedrahita Dalton , Alcívar-Torres Luis , Veloz-Paredes Adela , Montecé-Mosquera Franklin
Published: December 2016

The work was performed with the aim of knowing the rainfall of the city of Quevedo in Ecuador, to improve the calendars of short-cycle crops, since this information is commonly required by farmers in the area and agricultural professionals who work as technical advisers. Processing a series of recordings of rainfall of 35 years belonging to the Pichilingue Weather Station of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology located on the premises of the National Agricultural Research Institute, the methodology applied was focuses on the determination of statisticians as the average, Standard Deviation, Variance, coefficient of variation, skewness and kurtosis coefficient; then based on the average are determined wet and dry periods the frequency and the intensity with which they occur. That also was detected in this town from 1980 to 2014 there were 10 dry periods and nine wet periods, which are presented with a frequency of 3,8 and 3,6 years respectively. Based on the results, the wet season is defined between the months of December to May and the dry season from June to November. The foil available average rain accumulated determined for the wet and dry periods has the following values: 953,3 mm, 2924,2 mm and an average of 2216,3 mm. Short-cycle crops of the area should be planted since the month of December to be exploited all the rain of the wet season.
Polyphenol‑rich extract of Aronia melanocarpa inhibits TNF‑α induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells
Authors: Borecki Krzysztof , Żuchowski Marta , Siennicka Aldona , Adler Grażyna , Jastrzębska Maria
Published: December 2016

Introduction. In certain pathological states within cardiovascular system, cardiomyocytes may exhibit overexpression of TNF‑α that results in induction of myocardial oxidative stress and cardiac cells apoptosis. Thus, they may participate in development and progression of post‑infarct congestive heart failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polyphenol‑rich Aronia melanocarpa extract (AME) on TNF‑α induced apoptosis in cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells. Material and Methods. Apoptosis was measured in H9c2 cells preincubated with increasing concentrations of commercial extract of aronia – Aronox (10–50 μg/mL) for 24h and then treated with TNF‑α: 100 ng/mL for 24h as well. The MTT assay was used to determine cardiomyoblasts viability. Alteration of the mitochondrial membrane potential, specific for apoptotic cells, was evaluated with caspase-3 activity assay kit. Results. Our results showed that AME significantly inhibited TNF‑α induced apoptosis (IC50 = 55.84 µg/mL) and cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells. Significant inhibition of apoptosis was observed in all tested concentrations of AME. The highest anti‑apoptotic and cytoprotective effect was observed at the highest concentration (50 μg/mL), while in lower the concentrations cytoprotective effect was statistically insignificant. Conclusions. Polyphenol‑rich AME exhibits anti‑apoptotic and cytoprotective effect in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts treated with TNF‑α. Further studies are required in context of its possible application in prevention and/or therapy of cardiovascular diseases.
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland for Treatment of Nitrogen Under Mesocosm Level Phragmites and Calamus Ecosystem of Gomutra
Authors: Dalal Parag
Published: December 2016

This Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW) system was evaluated for removal efficiency of Ammonium Nitrogen and Nitrate Nitrogen from Gomutra collected from cowsheds of Ujjain. The VFCW of mesocosm scale had a rectangular size and covered an effective area of 1.88 m2 with a water retention capacity of 0.206 m3. Two such units were combined together in series for better treatment performance. The VFCW was fabricated in a Reinforced Concrete Cement (RCC) tank below the ground level. The filter media was composed of coarse river sand supported below by coarse Gravel. Three sets were fabricated out of which – 

The first set was initially planted with locally available grass Phragmites;

Second set was planted with Calamus at the rate of 10-12 plants per sq. m.

Third set no plantation was there and considered as control. 

In all the three sets, inlet and outlet arrangements were placed at top and bottom of the RCC tank respectively. The diluted Gomutra (1:4) was kept in dosing tank and allowed to pass through the VFCW; treated effluent was collected from each outlet. Phragmites bed NH4 –N and NO3 -N gets reduced by 71.6% and 51.96% respectively from inlet to outlet. Calamus bed causes a maximum reduction of 75.58% of NH4 –N from inlet to outlet and for NO3 –N it shows a reduction of 80.35% from inlet to outlet. The control reduces NH4 –N by 13.94% and NO3 –N by 14.28% from inlet to outlet. 

The VFCW results established that

This system is highly efficient for Gomutra treatment.

Calamus bed system is most efficient in treatment of Gomutra in comparison to all three systems. 
MENGEMBANGKAN SDM PERPUSTAKAAN DALAM RANGKA MENUJU WORLD CLASS UNIVERSITY
Authors: Suwarno Wiji
Published: December 2016

The library as a meeting area between the writer and the readers by materials as it’s media, where it is becomes an important meaning for civilization if it was interpreted as a life-long education by users. This article touches some aspects of the library in the context of human resources development which is intended as a step towards realizing the ideals of the library are included in the category of world class university. Human Resources Development is in the form of curiousity, intuition, humor and services, need to be there and be maximized so that librarians were able to escort the library to refer to the activities of the world class university, such as: Research and development college, Publications, Citation / webometrics, Networks, Quality of the information and knowledge resource.

World Class University (WCU) menjadi istilah yang membumi pada beberapa kurun waktu terakhir ini.   Perguruan Tinggi (PT) menjadi pionir terdepan yang mengambil istilah ini untuk diimplementasikan.  Tentu saja dengan berbagai resiko kritik masyarakat terhadap institusi.  Bisa jadi perguruan tinggi ini dinilai masyarakat sebagai aksi untuk meningkatkan kualitas, bisa juga berefek pada promosi yang mempropaganda pikiran masyarakat untuk memihak dan mengantarkan putra-putrinya masuk kuliah di perguruan tinggi tersebut.   Namun lebih dari itu ada satu kesan positif dari WCU ini adalah untuk membulatkan kualitas PT sehingga secara akademis mampu memberikan nilai optimal yang bisa disandingkan dengan  PT lainnya di dunia internasional.  World Class Univeristy (WCU) sebenarnya dimulai sejak Departemen pendidikan Nasional (Diknas) membentuk Tim Gugus Tugas Penetapan 10 Perguruan Tinggi (PT) yang dipersiapkan untuk menjadi universitas kelas dunia.  Tidak lama kemudian Diknas kembali memberikan peluang bagi 50 PT untuk tujuan yang sama.  PT itu terdiri dari 27 PT negeri dan 23 PT swasta.
Deltoid Compartment Syndrome following Serratus Anterior free flap reconstruction
Authors: Farrell Eric , Tevlin Ruth , O'Broin Eoin
Published: December 2016

Compartment syndrome is a well‐described process resulting from increased pressure in an osseo‐fascial space, most commonly involving the lower extremity. Here we describe the rare occurrence of deltoid compartment syndrome occurring in a 42‐year‐old male with a heavy muscular build, that occurred following a serratus anterior free flap reconstruction. Few cases of deltoid compartment syndrome have been described. A lateral decubitus positioning for the operation, despite liberal use of padding and support, may have contributed to its development. Acknowledgement of risk factors (which include elevated BMI, large muscle mass, history of anabolic steroid usage) should alert the clinician to be vigilant and check regularly for symptoms and signs in order to ensure early recognition and management.
Insight into supply chain management in a municipal context
Authors: Marcus Ambe Intaher
Published: December 2016

Supply chain management is strategic to the quest for service delivery excellence in South African municipalities. The supply chain journey in South African municipalities started in 2005 with reforms to introduce internationally accepted procurement best practices. The previous system failed the country due to deficiencies and malpractices resulting from the interpretation, implementation and governance of the preference procurement policy. Today (2016), supply chain management has become a talking point on which citizens are raising major concerns and it is perceived as being handled in a way that ﬁnancially beneﬁts few individuals. Laws and regulations governing municipal supply chain management are intentionally ignored or ﬂouted by municipal officials resulting in corruption, fruitless, wasteful and unauthorized expenditure. In an effort to address these challenges, the National Treasury continuously provides guidance in terms of policy revision, clarity in the provisions of the supply chain management policy, as well as training to supply chain management officials. This article provides an insight into supply chain management practices in a municipal context in South Africa. It highlights the status, challenges and way forward for the implementation of supply chain management in a municipal environment.
Keywords: insight, supply chain management, municipality, public procurement, South Africa. JEL Classification: M38
Discerning shifting irrigation practices from passive microwave radiometry over Punjab and Haryana
Authors: Singh Dharmendra , Gupta P. K. , Pradhan R. , Dubey A. K. , Singh R. P.
Published: December 2016

Overexploitation of groundwater (GW) in the recent past is a well-known fact for the Punjab and Haryana region of India, as reported by several studies using satellite-based gravity anomaly from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission and also by using observed data. This decline in GW has enforced the Punjab Preservation of Sub-Soil Water Act 2009, and resulted in change in rice irrigation practices over the study region. In this study, a shifting pattern of irrigation practices has been detected during pre- and post-Water Act using high temporal passive microwave radiometer (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer – Earth Observing System, AMSR-E) and optical data. Multi-year soil moisture data for the period May to September were analysed for the years 2002 to 2011. A shift in the early soil wetness pattern has been observed during 2002 to 2011 in most of the study region. The overall delay in irrigation practices was observed to be 10 ± 4 days over Punjab and Haryana in the pre- and post-Water Act implementation. Multi-temporal passive microwave radiometry was found to be expedient for observing the dynamic pattern of irrigation/agricultural practices over Punjab and Haryana states.
Combining economic policy instruments with desalinisation to reduce overdraft in the Spanish Alto Guadalentín aquifer
Authors: Martínez-Granados David , Calatrava Javier
Published: December 2016

This paper analyses the cost-effectiveness of combining several economic policy instruments to address the problem of non-renewable pumping in the Alto Guadalentín aquifer in southeastern Spain, one of the most extreme cases of aquifer depletion in Europe. Our results show that all instruments have significant economic impacts. However, the future availability of desalinisation would notably mitigate these impacts, as farmers can substitute groundwater with desalinised water. Although a complete ban on non-renewable pumping and an environmental tax on withdrawals imply the lowest level of public expenditure, they are very unpopular and have a large political cost. The buyback of groundwater rights and the subsidisation of desalinisation in exchange for reducing withdrawals are likely to be much better received by farmers, as their cost would be charged to the public budget. A combination of instruments would split the cost of aquifer recovery between farmers and the administration and would therefore possibly not meet with as much opposition from stakeholders.
Method to determine the power efficiency of UV disinfection plants and its application to low pressure plants for drinking water
Authors: Schmalwieser Alois W. , Hirschmann Georg , Cabaj Alexander , Sommer Regina
Published: December 2016

In this paper we present a method to determine the power efficiency of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection plants and apply this to low pressure plants for drinking water. In UV disinfection plants the water flow is regulated to ensure that microorganisms receive the necessary fluence for inactivation while passing through. The flow depends on the UV transmission (UVT) of the water. The lower the UVT of the water is, the less water may flow through the plant. UV irradiance is produced by lamps that consume, together with other components, electrical power and entail running costs. The power efficiency – electrical power versus disinfected volume – of a plant has therefore an important impact. Applying this method to different UV plants that are on the market shows that electric power of at least 5.3 Wh is necessary to disinfect 1 m3 of water possessing a UVT of 80% (100 mm), 8 Wh at 50% and 22 Wh at 10%. Further we found that ineffective design or a wrong selection of a plant may enhance these values by a factor of up to 7. This method enables not only the calculation of the power efficiency but also the decision for a certain plant type.
Denitrification performance and microbial community dynamics in a denitrification reactor as revealed by high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Demirel Sevgi
Published: December 2016

The dynamics of the bacterial community associated with the denitrification process in a fixed bed column reactor (FBCR) were investigated using 454-pyrosequencing methodology. A FBCR filled with elemental sulfur and limestone was operated for about 94 days under autotrophic and mixotrophic (autotrophic + heterotrophic) conditions at 30 °C. Efficient simultaneous bromate and nitrate removal was achieved at feed concentrations of 500 µg/L bromate and 45 mg/L nitrate under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. Operational taxonomic units-based analysis (97% similarity cut-off) of bioreactor samples (three periods) revealed that the microbial diversity changed regardless of operational conditions. Sulfurimonas spp. was dominant in the reactor at the adaptation stage. Thiobacillus denitrificans is a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium that is capable of the oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds. After the adaptation period, the microbial profile changed such that Spirochaetacea spp. and Denitratisoma spp. were major species in the column reactor. After 60 d of operation, Hyphomicrobium vulgare became dominant due to the mixotrophic denitrification conditions.
Degradation and toxicity depletion of RB19 anthraquinone dye in water by ozone-based technologies
Authors: Lovato María E. , Fiasconaro María L. , Martín Carlos A.
Published: December 2016

This research investigated the discoloration and mineralization of Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) anthraquinone dye by single ozonation, single UV radiation and ozonation jointed with UV radiation (O3/UV). The problem was approached from two points of view: with the objective of color removal or the mineralization of solution. In each case, the optimum operating conditions were different. Ozonation was the most effective treatment for color removal, while the combined O3/UV treatment was for mineralization. Major intermediates of the dye degradation were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and a degradation pathway was proposed. In addition, a clear decrease of the toxicity of the dye was achieved at the end of the experiments. The effect of initial dye concentration, pH, ozone dose, and UV radiation on the degradation of the dye and decrease of total organic carbon was investigated, in order to establish the optimal operating conditions to achieve discoloration, mineralization or a combination of both.
The sequencing batch reactor as an excellent configuration to treat wastewater from the petrochemical industry
Authors: Caluwé Michel , Daens Dominique , Blust Ronny , Geuens Luc , Dries Jan
Published: December 2016

In the present study, the influence of a changing feeding pattern from continuous to pulse feeding on the characteristics of activated sludge was investigated with a wastewater from the petrochemical industry from the harbour of Antwerp. Continuous seed sludge, adapted to the industrial wastewater, was used to start up three laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors. After an adaptation period from the shift to pulse feeding, the effect of an increasing organic loading rate (OLR) and volume exchange ratio (VER) were investigated one after another. Remarkable changes of the specific oxygen uptake rate (sOUR), microscopic structure, sludge volume index (SVI), SVI30/SVI5 ratio, and settling rate were observed during adaptation. sOUR increased two to five times and treatment time decreased 43.9% in 15 days. Stabilization of the SVI occurred after a period of 20 days and improved significantly from 300 mL·g−1 to 80 mL·g−1. Triplication of the OLR and VER had no negative influence on sludge settling and effluent quality. Adaptation time of the microorganisms to a new feeding pattern, OLR and VER was relatively short and sludge characteristics related to aerobic granular sludge were obtained. This study indicates significant potential of the batch activated sludge system for the treatment of this industrial petrochemical wastewater.
РОЗПОДIЛ ЖИРОВОЇ ТКАНИНИ I СТАН ВУГЛЕВОДНОГО ОБМIНУ В ЗАЛЕЖНОСТI ВIД ДОБОВОГО РИТМУ АРТЕРIАЛЬНОГО ТИСКУ У ХВОРИХ НА ЦУКРОВИЙ ДIАБЕТ 2 ТИПУ З ОЖИРIННЯМ I АРТЕРIАЛЬНОЮ ГIПЕРТЕНЗIЄЮ
Authors: Зуєв К. О. , Когут Д. Г. , Юзвенко Т. Ю. , Сiнгх К.
Published: December 2016

В статтi проаналiзованi особливостi розподiлу жирової тканини, важкiсть ожирiння, ступiнь порушення вуглеводного обмiну у хворих на цукровий дiабет 2 типу з ожирiнням та артерiальною гiпертензiєю з рiзними типами добового ритму артерiального тиску. Обстежено 100 пацiєнтiв (45 чоловiкiв) у вiцi (55,9 ± 2,15 рокiв) з цукровим дiабетом 2 типу, ожирiнням i артерiальною гiпертензiєю. Встановлено, що пацiєнти з типом добового ритму артерiального тиску dipper, мали абдомiнальний тип ожирiння з загальною масою жирової тканини 6 45 % загальної маси тiла i помiрний ступiнь гiперглiкемiї натще, рiвень iмунореактивного iнсулiну в межах норми. Пацiєнти з типом добового ритму артерiального тиску over-dipper, характеризувалися важким ступенем ожирiння (iндекс маси тiла > 38 кг/м2 ) з загальною масою жирової тканини > 45 % загальної маси тiла, мали помiрну гiперглiкемiю натще й низький рiвень iмунореактивного iнсулiну натще. Пацiєнти з типом добового ритму артерiального тиску non-dipper характеризувалися абдомiнальним типом ожирiння з загальною масою жирової тканини 6 45 % загальної маси тiла, поганим глiкемiчним контролем дiабету, станом гiперглiкемiї на фонi гiперiнсулiнемiї. Пацiєнти з типом добового ритму артерiального тиску night-peaker характеризувалися важким ступiнем ожирiння з загальною масою жирової тканини > 45 % загальної маси тiла, поганим глiкемiчним контролем на фонi гiперiнсулiнемiї. Таким чином, асоцiйованi з рiзними типами добового ритму артерiального тиску порушення вуглеводного обмiну, змiни маси жирової тканини та її розподiлу можуть розглядатися як несприятливi прогностичнi фактори стану серцево-судинної системи у пацiєнтiв з цукровим дiабетом 2 типу з ожирiнням та артерiальною гiпертензiєю.
The Conflict Within the Cop21 Treaty: Catch-up Countries against Mature Economies
Authors: Lane Jan-erik
Published: December 2016

The COP21 Agreement harbours a conflict between Third world and First world countries that has cropped up in tensions in all meetings by the UNFCCC. On the one hand, there is the catch-up set of countries—emerging economies—that have recently “taken off” economically and that will not accept a trade-off between economic development and environmental need of cutting emissions. On the other hand, there is the set of mature economies that grow sluggishly and have started to cut back on fossil fuels, especially coal. The first set of nations want the second set to pay for their gigantic energy transformation in a few decades—decarbonisation. The first set claimed that they had not created the big problem originally, and that fairness requires that the rich help the poor. At the COP21 summit, a deal was struck, worth 100 billion dollars per year to fund a Stern (2007) like Super Fund. But will it really be put in place and made operational?
Santa Teresa de Jesús, una mujer de todos los tiempos.
Authors: De Piero Cristina
Published: December 2016

With St. Teresa of Jesus we fnd not only the mystical experience of a Carmelite of the 16th century, but also the spiritual and theological background of a woman who has accompanied many generations. In her, we discover the paradox of a woman who, having no public voice, became a master of a path focused on Jesus’ humanity. She accepted the advice of her confessors, with humility built on her inner freedom. With no academic studies, she was able to tell her experience of encounters with God which, far from locking her up in a convent, urged her to respond to the challenges of her time.
LA POLÍTICA FISCAL Y MONETARIA EN COLOMBIA: UN ANÁLISIS EXPERIMENTAL DESDE LA TOMA COORDINADA DE DECISIONES
Authors: Rodríguez Luna Raúl Enrique , Mendoza Mendoza Jairo , Romo Salas Erik
Published: December 2016

En este documento se discuten los resultados de un ejercicio de simulación a partir de métodos de la economía experimental y modelado con elementos de la teoría de juegos, en el cual se formuló un juego secuencial que permitió encontrar equilibrios de Nash perfectos en subjuegos entre las decisiones de política monetaria y las decisiones de política #scal en Colombia. Se constató para cada uno de los escenarios planteados en el ejercicio la existencia de equilibrios perfectos en subjuegos en el sentido de Nash, que permitieron develar que la condición de racionalidad maximizadora de los jugadores es el elemento principal a la hora de la toma de decisiones al interior de grupos sociales. Por último, la observación puso en evidencia que las interacciones entre dos agentes están condicionadas por las estrategias que adopte el agente que opere de líder, y que las decisiones del agente seguidor regularmente se basan en criterios cooperativos y de coordinación; en este sentido, se pudo establecer que el Banco de la República determina la manera en la que el Gobierno, respetando los conductos constitucionales, toma sus decisiones de política con el #n de mantener la estabilidad económica del país.
Entre el realismo y la abstracción: Una evaluación metodológica de la macroeconomía
Authors: Cómbita Mora Gonzalo
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo muestra cómo la macroeconomía moderna está constituida por una gama de modos de pensar que enriquecen el debate y permiten el avance de la ciencia. No obstante, esta pluralidad metodológica ha sido  anulada por el dominio del enfoque mainstream que ha jalonado el progreso científico en una dirección equivocada buscando una mayor consistencia lógica y matemática, llevando la capacidad de explicación de los modelos a su más mínima expresión. El artículo muestra que esta incapacidad de explicación se ha manifestado en una creciente insatisfacción sobre la utilidad de la teoría macroeconómica. Además, presenta la diversidad de pensamiento en macroeconomía y su avance como ciencia comparando el enfoque maintream y post keynesiano, encontrando serias diferencias metodológicas que se manifiestan en el grado de retroalimentación de la teoría con la realidad, lo que afecta su relevancia práctica. Se concluye que el dominio del mainstream ha anulado el avance de la macroeconomía pues ha invalidado los debates presentando como científico un solo camino, lo que ha derivado en la omisión de diferentes enfoques que pueden cuestionar y ampliar las preguntas de investigación, la variables relevantes y su relación de causalidad, así como el uso de las matemáticas.
Educación empleo e ingresos en el municipio de Pasto: Un estudio de datos panel 2008 - 2010
Authors: Ortiz Benavides Edinson , Erazo Iván Freddy , Burgos Marco Antonio
Published: December 2016

La educación es la base que da soporte al crecimiento y desarrollo económico de un país y guarda una relación muy estrecha con el empleo y los ingresos de los individuos. Para muchos teóricos la educación es un bien de inversión que aumenta la probabilidad de que un individuo sea retribuido con ingresos más elevados y conseguir empleo de mayor calidad. Tanto a nivel internacional como nacional se han publicado numerosos escritos sobre el tema sin embargo, a nivel regional la literatura es escasa, razón por la cual, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo, por una parte, contrastar el cumplimiento de esta hipótesis para el Municipio de Pasto (Nariño) y, por otra, establecer si la educación brinda mayores oportunidades de empleo para los habitantes de esta localidad. Para ello, con datos de 4.797 individuos y de 1.123 hogares, tomados en los años 2008 - 2010, aplicando el modelo de Mincer, se pudo establecer que un año adicional de educación aumenta aproximadamente en 5,11% el ingreso de los pastusos. Igualmente, que un año adicional de educación incrementa en 3,5% la probabilidad de encontrar empleo en el municipio de Pasto.
El efecto de la maternidad sobre los salarios femeninos en ecuador
Authors: Botello Héctor Alberto
Published: December 2016

En el presente trabajo se analiza el efecto de la maternidad sobre los salarios femeninos del año 2012 en el Ecuador estudiando sobre la tenencia, el número y la estructura de edad de los hijos. La metodología implementa ecuaciones mincerianas sobre los datos del ingreso laboral provenientes de las encuestas de hogares; para posteriormente descomponer el diferencial con el método de Oaxaca Blinder con corrección sobre el sesgo de selección. Los resultados muestran que las madres ganan en promedio 7,56% menos que las no madres, presentándose una alta heterogeneidad entre las provincias analizadas y los niveles educativos. Luego de controlar la edad de los hijos se aprecia que las madres de niños de menos de 5 años ganan un 10% menos, mientras que las madres que tienen niños de más de 5 años, la disminución es de solo el 2%. Por número, si la mujer tiene a su cuidado dos hijos la brecha por maternidad promedio es del 3,7% y si tiene más de dos hijos la rebaja es del 2,26%. No obstante, la mayor parte de la brecha por maternidad en el Ecuador no está causada por el hecho de ser madres sino por sus características socioeconómicas intrínsecas.
Competencias investigativas en los docentes beneficiados por la estrategia de formación y acceso para la apropiación pedagógica de las TIC
Authors: Paz Saavedra Luis Eduardo
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo recoge los resultados de la investigación realizada en los departamentos de Cauca, Nariño y Putumayo, luego de la formación ofrecida por el programa Computadores para Educar y la Universidad de Nariño en el diplomado “Apropiación Pedagógica de las TIC”. El estudio aborda el fortalecimiento de competencias investigativas luego de dicha formación y del desarrollo de proyectos pedagógicos de aula en los que se pretende la solución de problemáticas propias del contexto de profesores y estudiantes. Entre los aspectos analizados se destaca la actitud que tienen los docentes frente al papel de las TIC en los procesos investigativos, la forma en que estas tecnologías contribuyen a actividades investigativas y a competencias específicas que se ven fortalecidas en este campo. Adicionalmente se analizan los factores que tienen incidencia en todo el proceso, las oportunidades y dificultades a tenerse en cuenta en busca del fortalecimiento de dichas competencias, así como los elementos relevantes cuando se trata de realizar la integración de TIC en los currículos escolares, a fin de mejorar las posibilidades de desarrollo de la investigación escolar.
Manifestaciones de cultura empresarial: Una mirada desde la asociatividad en las MIPYMES
Authors: López Posada Laura Marcela
Published: December 2016

Este artículo analiza las manifestaciones de identificación cultural de nueve grupos asociativos denominados “Programas de Desarrollo Empresarial Sectorial” (PRODES) Colombianos estudiados en Antioquia, Bogotá, Tolima y Caldas; compuesto por 5, 2, 1 y 1 Prodes respectivamente. Los Prodes se estudiaron a través la Asociación Colombiana de Pequeñas Industrias (ACOPI), institución líder en el desarrollo, promoción y consolidación de la estrategia de asociatividad Prodes en Colombia. Esta investigación cualitativa desarrollo 60 entrevistas en profundidad, tres historias de vida, dos focus group y la observación como técnica de investigación transversal al desarrollo del trabajo de campo. Los resultados del estudio demuestran que los estereotipos regionales, las prácticas (símbolos, héroes y rituales) y los valores compartidos son manifestaciones de identificación cultural y de pertenencia a un Prodes, independientemente si se han creado o no relaciones sociales internas fuertes entre integrantes del mismo.
Fuga de demanda en el sector comercial de Popayán, Colombia: una aproximación con modelos Logit
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Andrés Mauricio
Published: December 2016

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar los motivos por los cuales las familias de Popayán no compran bienes y servicios en el sector comercial local y lo hacen en otros municipios o ciudades. Para lograrlo se realiza un muestreo incidental y se implementa un análisis con modelos estocásticos de variable discreta logística. Entre otros resultados, el estudio muestra que para la población encuestada son las mujeres quienes compran con más frecuencia que los hombres por fuera de la ciudad artículos como ropa, zapatosy accesorios. Adicionalmente, se encuentra que un factor determinante es la variedad, seguida por los precios, aunque esto depende del estrato al que   pertenezcan. Finalmente, se concluye que el comercio payanes debe mejorar en aspectos como la atención al público, horarios de atención, entre otros.
Prácticas de responsabilidad social y gobierno corporativo. Un análisis para el sector bancario de Sugamuxi
Authors: González Millán José Javier , Rodríguez Díaz Miryam Teresa , Herrera Rodríguez Jenny Mairena
Published: December 2016

Es claro hoy que la implementación de las prácticas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) y Gobierno Corporativo (G.C.) se está extendiendo progresivamente en las empresas como consecuencia de las diferentes presiones que reciben del entorno social así como del desarrollo de su propia conciencia empresarial. El presente artículo refiere los resultados de la investigación de campo hecha al  sector bancario del valle de Sugamuxi, donde se aplicaron 170 encuestas a los Stakeholders asociados a las 10 entidades existentes en el Valle de Sugamuxi, la cual versará en primer lugar sobre las generalidades de la RSE y G.C., adicionalmente se caracterizaron los procesos de RSE, se identificaron las prácticas de G.C. En la parte metodológica, el tipo y método de estudio fue el descriptivo – explicativo; la técnica estadística utilizada propuesta es el análisis descriptivo (frecuencias), por último, la investigación da cuenta de las entidades bancarias poseen un nivel aceptable en mayor grado en terminos de la RSE, mas no en igual sentido en lo referente al G.C.
Las pymes y la política pública ambiental en Colombia: Redireccionamiento con base en la cultura organizacional
Authors: Bohórquez Pulido Pedro A. , Cendales Rodríguez Juan Pablo
Published: December 2016

En el artículo se propone evaluar los cimientos de la política pública ambiental, para determinar los factores que podrían promover un re-direccionamiento de la misma al interior de las pequeñas y medianas empresas PYMEs, en congruencia con el tipo de cultura que se observa en ellas. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una  revisión bibliográfica de las propuestas sobre cultura organizacional, las características que la definen y su rol en el direccionamiento estratégico corporativo; de esa forma se procedió a evaluar la política pública ambiental de Colombia en contraste con recomendaciones de organismos multinacionales (como la OCDE), de tal forma que se pudieran identificar los problemas relacionados con su origen y aplicabilidad. Como conclusión, la política pública ambiental carece de un sistema de incentivos adecuado para propiciar el desarrollo de comportamientos amigables con el ambiente y, en ese sentido, desconoce el engranaje cultural de las PYMEs que se orienta al logro de objetivos financieros como el de supervivencia y crecimiento.
O CONTEXTO DA ADOÇÃO DE CRIANÇAS QUE SÃO PÚBLICO-ALVO DA EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL E A RELAÇÃO FAMÍLIA-ESCOLA
Authors: Terribile Teixeira Carolina , Rampelotto Elisane Maria
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo aborda o tema da adoção de crianças público-alvo da Educação Especial, sinalizando o trabalho do(a) professor(a) de Educação Especial junto as famílias que optaram por adotar essas crianças. Para isso, uma pesquisa bibliográfica embasa este estudo que apresenta como referências: Venâncio (2005); Marconi, Presotto (2011); Weber (2011) dentre outros. O texto organiza-se, primeiramente, contextualizando, de maneira abrangente, a família; e em seguida sobre a adoção e, em específico, a adoção de crianças público-alvo da Educação Especial. Após, discorre sobre a relação escola, Educação Especial e família. Com a realização deste estudo, compreende-se a necessidade de incentivo a pesquisas que abordem o tema, devido à oportunidade de ampliação das discussões acadêmicas. Além disso, o assunto traz consigo a possibilidade de um olhar atento aos agentes influenciadores do abandono, da institucionalização e da adoção dessas crianças.
A ATUAÇÃO DOCENTE NA MATERIALIZAÇÃO DO PROJETO POLÍTICO-PEDAGÓGICO EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO PÚBLICA DE ATENDIMENTO À EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL NO MUNICÍPIO DE ITAPORÃ-MS
Authors: Viegas Elis Regina dos Santos , Alves Andréia Vicência Vitor
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a atuação dos docentes na construção e materialização do Projeto Político-Pedagógico, sendo este compreendido como instrumento de participação na gestão democrática das instituições de educação infantil. Para tanto foram realizados estudos bibliográficos e documentais; como também a pesquisa de campo junto aos professores que atuam na rede municipal pública de Itaporã-MS. Inicialmente conceituamos a partir do referencial teórico e do arcabouço normativo-legal brasileiro a concepção de gestão democrática e de Projeto Político-Pedagógico no âmbito educacional; depois caracterizamos o contexto institucional no qual o Projeto foi construído, bem como o tratamento dado a este instrumento e; por fim buscamos compreender de que forma os professores vivenciam a construção do Projeto e como este adquire ou não centralidade na prática docente.
The wrong perspective on executive pay
Authors: Chau Alexander
Published: December 2016

Controversial commentaries as brought on by the financial crisis of 2008 regarding corporate remuneration policies give misplaced priority to political considerations over the governance considerations of capitalist orthodoxy. Executive pay rules during the crisis reflected the market’s sense of low risk that was prevalent at the time. The existing pay-for-performance model as applied demonstrates that the agency problem is not widespread and more a matter of transparency than one of systemic corporate graft. The wrong perspective involves pushing for social equality, rather than business efficacy, as the ultimate driver of reforms in executive remuneration.
The impact of gender diversity in the boardroom on firm performance: A South African perspective
Authors: Jonty Tshipa , Mokoaleli Mokoteli Thabang
Published: December 2016

The study employs panel methodology and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression to examine the impact of board gender diversity on firm performance for a sample of 137 Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed firms during the period 2002 and 2011. The results show that board gender diversity among South African firms have been improving substantially since 2002 when King II came into force. In 2002, the average South African board had only 4 per cent of women and by 2011, this had increased to 13 per cent. Notably, the findings also show that large South African firms have a greater representivity of women on their boards than small firms. By inference this could mean that gender diversity has a positive influence on firm value as findings further show that firm value in large firms is higher than that in small firms. This study contribute to the debate of whether board gender diversity influences firm value and whether the South African government should consider adopting quota legislation such as in Spain, Norway, The Netherlands and France. The findings suggest that there is evidence of a business case to advocate the implementation of quota legislation in South Africa. Empirical findings proceed to confirm that theories of corporate governance such as agency, resource-dependence, signalling and stakeholding surely provide some support to understanding the relationship between board gender diversity and firm performance.