bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technologies of cultivation and processing of Lycium chinense Mill. and Lycium barbarum L. fruits in the conditions of Uzbekistan
Authors: Alikarieva Durdona , Merganov Avazkhan , Kamalova Manzura , Tursunov Nurillo
Published: June 2023

The scientific article presents the study results of the effectiveness production of Goji berries in the conditions of Uzbekistan. The agrobiological features and cultivation technology of L. Chinense Mill and L. barbarum L. were studied. Planting of 2-3 year old seedlings is effective compared to annual plants. After planting of seedlings, irrigation was carried out 400-450 m3. Improving the efficiency of plant development depends on the introduction of humus, phosphorus and potash fertilizers. The fruit of L. chinense is 2 nested, syncarpous. The walls of the outer epidermis are thickened and cutinized. This explains that the plant can be grown in arid conditions. The yield is determined by the increase in soil quality, you can get 540 kg/ha. The amino acid composition of the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. is represented by 16 amino acids, including 9 essential ones. The technology of drying Goji fruits in the shade is considered the most acceptable, as it does not lose taste and juiciness. Introduced environmentally friendly methods of production and storage of products. The preparation of compote, conserve, jam and dried products is recommended. The plants were fed. Economic efficiency and production volume on plantations are shown.
Innovative meat product technology: a new look at traditional nutrition
Authors: Anisimova Elena Yu. , Knyazhechenko Olga A. , Slozhenkina Marina I. , Natyrov Arkagy K. , Danilov Yury D. , Miroshnik Alexey S.
Published: June 2023

A promising direction in the development of new food products is the reduction of calories and partial replacement of ingredients of animal origin with vegetable ones to maximize the saturation of foods with nutrients that contribute to the maintenance of normal life. The aim of this work was to develop an optimized recipe for a meat product – pate, based on a traditional recipe, but including herbal ingredients of local origin. The proposed recipe for pate in traditional cuisine allows to reduce the calorie and fat content of the daily diet of a modern person while increasing the protein content, expands the range of finished meat products on the consumer market, and maximizes the provision of the organism with the necessary nutrients. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the qualitative characteristics of the pate, made according to the traditional recipe, and experimental samples with different contents of the herbal ingredient, followed by the selection of a sample with an experimentally determined optimal composition. The plant components included in the new recipe – pumpkin-flaxseed complex and carrot dietary fiber – provide the maximum balance of nutrients.
Efficiency of industrial crossing of meat, dairy and combined cattle
Authors: Gorlov Ivan F. , Kaidulina Aizhan A. , Grishin Vladimir S. , Tkachenkova Natalia A. , Grebennikova Julia D. , Chernikov Egor V. , Lazareva Elena Yu.
Published: June 2023

The scientific article presents the results of a scientific experiment conducted to study the quality indicators of beef obtained from interbreeding of cattle of meat, dairy and combined breeds in the conditions of the Volgograd agricultural enterprise JSC "Berdievsky Elevator". The resulting crossbred bulls at the age of 9 months were divided into 4 groups of 10 heads each according to the principle of pairs of analogues: I experimental group of ½ crossbreed (Kazakh white-headed x Russian brown), II experimental group of ½ crossbreed (Kazakh white-headed x Aberdeen-Angus), III experimental group of ½ crossbreed (Aberdeen-Angus x red steppe), IV experimental group of ½ crossbreed (Simmental x red-mottled). The formed groups of animals were put on fattening up to 16 months of age. The growth dynamics of bulls and the qualitative characteristics of beef were evaluated.
Justification of the criterion for the washing process of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Umarov Gayrat , Abdurokhmonov Shavkat , Telovov Asilbek , Nuritov Ikrom , Kamalov Azatbay
Published: June 2023

The article describes a calculation algorithm for modeling the process of washing the fruit, which allows you to change the parameters of the device in order to assess the quantitative change in the intensity of the mechanical interaction of the working body on the fruit surface. Parameters of the fruit washing machine, determined by the criterion the intensity of the mechanical interaction of the working bodies with the fruits When designing a machine, it is desirable to provide such process conditions under which the fetus makes 5 - 7 complete revolutions around its axis. This parameter is adjusted by changing the distance between brush cylinders, as well as the selection of parameters that provide the average value of the angular velocity of rotation of the fetus around its axis in within ωpl = 0.5 - 0.7 rad/s.
Mathematical criteria for testing the logical control programs for technological equipment
Authors: Nezhmetdinov Ramil , Putintseva Elena , Abdullaeva Dilnavoz , Bafoev Dusmurod
Published: June 2023

The article covers examination of mathematical criteria that allow considering the process of testing the logical control systems at the stage of developing a control program as completed. Two mathematical approaches for detecting errors in software, i.e. the criterion for the intensity of error detection and the criterion for a given value of mean time to failure have been considered. An example of the calculation of mathematical criteria for a real task, i.e. testing the logical control program of the turret block of the electrical automation system of a machining center of oblique layout with CNC has been given. A variant of calculating the required test time to achieve the required value of time to failure has been given. It has been concluded that in order to increase the efficiency of testing, its acceleration and reduce the cost of testing, both for manual and automated testing methods, it is necessary to use methods and tools that allow eliminating the influence of the shortcomings of traditional approaches to testing.
Parameters of optimization of transfer operations of the harvesting process
Authors: Pankratovich Aleksandr , Protas Pavel , Misuno Yuliya , Chernetskaya Natalia , Yumagulova Venera , Safin Airat
Published: June 2023

The development of the forestry complex, its technical equipment, the increase in the volume of harvested wood in the Republic of Belarus, as well as increased competition in the timber market have become prerequisites for the need to study issues in the field of optimizing transport processes and ensuring the rhythm of logging production. Moving operations in the cutting area, including the collection and loading of timber, their sorting and skidding, the formation of stacks in an intermediate warehouse, are the most labor-intensive in logging production. In turn, the effectiveness of these operations largely depends on the optimal placement of technological elements in the cutting area and their geometric parameters. Among the ways to improve the efficiency of the development of the forest fund, one can single out the solution of the problem of optimizing the relocation operations of logging production, for which it is necessary to determine the appropriate parameters and restrictions.
Geoinformation systems and technologies in agriculture logistics and transport
Authors: Norov Begmat Kh. , Babajanov Laziz K. , Inamov Aziz I. , Kholmatova Khusnora Kh.
Published: June 2023

The article contains theoretical considerations on the application of information technology in the field of logistics and transport. In the process of performing mechanized work during construction or in land reclamation measures, technical and technical means are used to provide fuel and lubricants. Based on the analysis of modern information technologies are recommended that ensure a reduction in material and technical resources and an increase in the utilization rate of machines over time.
Transformation of plant substrates by fungi Fomitopsis pinicola
Authors: Mamaeva Olga O. , Isaeva Elena V. , Loskutov Sergey R. , Petrunina Elena A. , Fedorov Vladimir S. , Marchenko Roman A.
Published: June 2023

The results of chemical and thermal analysis of substrates based on the post-extraction residue of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) buds before and after bioconversion by Fp5-15 Fomitopsis pinicola fungi were compared. The thermal characteristics obtained using thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) methods are presented. The stages of thermal decomposition, their temperature intervals and the temperatures of the maxima on the DTG curves, as well as the weight loss of the samples, have been established. Studies have shown that under the action of the enzyme complex of fungi, easily and difficultly hydrolysable polysaccharides are utilized, and lignin substances also undergo changes.
Green strategies for the sustainable growth of food security
Authors: Fedotova Gilyan , Kapustina Yuliy , Romadikova Victoria , Dzhancharova Gulnara , Churaev Abdurakhman , Novikov Mikhail
Published: June 2023

Modern society today is reconsidering its development strategy in the light of changing environmental conditions. The global climatic changes observed over the last 30-40 years require not just a careful attitude toward nature and resources, but a comprehensive review of the technologies of production and processing of raw materials and resources. The consumer strategy that has dominated society for the past 2-3 centuries must be completely transformed into a new philosophy of sustainable development of economic systems and growth of food supply for the growing world population. Deteriorating production conditions and resource depletion will not allow a growing humanity to develop at the same speed without a sustainable food base. Therefore, the task of increasing food security becomes a priority in the strategy for the development of the national economy.
Study of the Ecological State of Lake Alakol in Zhetysu region
Authors: Seitova Guldana , Soltanova Dinara , Kasseinova Gaziza , Muratbek Nursara , Butenova Assel
Published: June 2023

The article studies the ecological state of Lake Alakol and other objects of the Zhetysu region. The purpose of the research work is to study the level of heavy metal pollution of the components of the biosphere of Lake Alakol. During the research work, the concentrations of heavy metals in the main components of the biosphere (air, water, soil) of Lake Alakol and other objects of the Zhetysu region were determined.The level of heavy metal pollution of surface waters, soils of Lake Alakol and other objects was studied.Analysis of the content of heavy metals in surface water samples from the coastal areas of Lake Alakol shows that the concentration of cadmium in its maximum permissible concentration is 7-12 times higher. Analysis of the content of heavy metals shows in the soil samples of the Yrgaity River that the concentration of cobalt exceeds the maximum permissible concentration by 2.9 times. The values obtained during the study necessitated the study of the state of the main components of the biosphere.
Heavy metals content in the soil cover and woody plants of Krasnoyarsk
Authors: Korotchenko Irina , Pervyshina Galina , Medvedeva Victoria , Romanova Olga , Muchkina Elena
Published: June 2023

The paper describes that in the soil and leaves of Populus balsamifera, Ulmus pumila on the studied zones of the city of Krasnoyarsk revealed: lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, cobalt, nickel, chromium. Soil pollution due to the accumulation of heavy metals directly affects the biogeochemical composition, urban vegetation. There was a high level of accumulation of lead and cadmium Ulmus pumila and Populus balsamifera. Soil pollution in the recreational zones of Krasnoyarsk is increased due to the intensive transport load in the city. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out special measures near recreational areas to reduce the man-made load on the soil.
Ripping paw tools for preparing the soil for planting
Authors: Mamatov Farmon , Ergashov Gayrat
Published: June 2023

The paper discusses parameters of the loosening paw tool to prepare the soil the strip sowing of melons. Scheme of mutual arrangement of the paired housing and the ripper is given. Formulas were obtained for determining the depth of tillage, the width of the ripper and the degree of loosening of the soil, as well as the longitudinal distance between the body and the ripper. The experiments were carried out using the methods of strain measurement and multifactorial experiment. Experiments have established that with an increase in the width of the ripper, the degree of soil crumbling first increases and then decreases according to the law of the convex parabola, and the traction resistance decreases according to the law of the concave parabola. It was determined that to prepare the soil for strip sowing with a minimum traction resistance, the width of the ripper should be in the range of 18.70-20.37 cm, and the longitudinal distance from the ripper to the leaf housing is 42.87-43.57 cm.
A theoretical method of the reception of blue stem feed by the feeders and transfer to the grinding drum
Authors: Borotov Atkham , Choriev Ruzimurat , Boykulov Urol , Khatamov Azizbek
Published: June 2023

Uzbekistan pays a lot of attention to fisheries, poultry and animal husbandry. In fish farming, poultry and livestock rearing, it has been recommended to give green feed as a supplementary feed, which reduces the accumulation of excess fat in fish. In this regard, a grinder was produced for cutting plants with blue content. The number of rotations of the feeders was studied theoretically and experimentally in order to meet the demand of the prepared feeds. According to the theoretical research, the cutting length of blue stalk feed is achieved by changing the number of revolutions of the shredder drum depending on the feed speed Vuz and the number of blades in the drum N p , and the number of revolutions of the feeder blades when the feed is transferred at an angle of 27O is 101-207 r/ in the range of min, when the number of blades is in the range of 4-6 pieces, it is recommended that the number of rotations of the shredder drum be greater than 1358 r/min and 1478 r/min to ensure a cutting length of up to 10 mm.
The methodological foundations of the thermal efficiency in a convective drying unit of the chamber type
Authors: Rakhmatov Orifjon , Rakhmatov Firdavs , Kurbanov Ermamat , Rakhmatullaev Ravshan , Kasimov Ablyakul , Musayeva Nozima
Published: June 2023

The article deals with the issue of increasing the efficiency of the drying plant, gives theoretical prerequisites and analytical calculations and a generalized formula for determining thermal efficiency is derived. The author and the staff conducted a number of experiments on a pilot plant. According to the results of the experiments, curves of the dependence of the efficiency of the drying unit on the heating temperature of the chamber surface and at the outlet of the spent drying agent from the drying chamber were obtained. It has been proven that with an increase in the temperature of the spent drying agent, the thermal efficiency decreases. The optimum temperature of the discharge heat of the agent is considered. The expediency of using a heat-accumulating rubble nozzle was also justified, which allows saving up to 14% of the thermal energy required for the drying process.
Modeling the content of chloroform in drinking water infiltration intake by periods of the annual cycle: low-water and permanent watercourse
Authors: Malkova Maria A. , Minchenkov Nikita D. , Kantor Olga G. , Kantor Evgeniy A.
Published: June 2023

The results of a study to find a relationship between the chloroform content in drinking water and the parameters characterizing water quality over an eighteen-year period of the infiltration water intake operation are presented. To increase the reliability of the model, the annual cycle is divided into two periods: an extended flood, including four months (April - June) and a period of low water and permanent watercourse, including eight months (August - March). Three time series were formed from the initial data: from the monthly average values of the parameters for the entire observation period; as a result of averaging the parameter values corresponding to each year; average values characterizing the low-water period and permanent watercourse for the entire observation period. It was found that the period of low water and permanent watercourse can be described by regression equations characterized by a smaller value of the average approximation error and a large value of the correlation coefficient. It was revealed that April introduces a significant stochasticity in the annual period. It is shown that the results obtained can be used to assess the value of the chloroform content in drinking water.
Influence of environmental factors on the contents of free amino acids in Fucus vesiculosus in the Barents Sea during the day
Authors: Klindukh Maria P. , Ryzhik Inna V. , Makarov Mikhail V.
Published: June 2023

Influence of main environmental factors (temperature, intensity of photosynthetically active radiation and tidal cycle) on the contents of free amino acids (FAAs) in Fucus vesiculosus in the Barents Sea during the day was investigated. An undular change in the content of FAAs occurs during the day, associated with the phases of the tidal cycle. Temperature and photosynthetically active radiation influenced the content of FAAs, but their relation probably is a nonlinear. The content of most of FAAs and their total amount reached the highest values at a minimum water level. The lowest values were determined when algae were in seawater. The difference in the content of individual FAAs and their common amounts averaged 1.5-3 times during the day. The reason for the changes in the content of FAAs is probably related to the metabolic processes and their switching during the transition of algae from an aquatic environment to an air and vice versa.
Improving the efficiency of the water treatment system at the thermal station
Authors: Bronskaya Veronika V. , Balzamov Denis S. , Ignashina Tatiana V. , Shaikhetdinova Ramilya S. , Kharitonova Olga S. , Kondrateva Maria I.
Published: June 2023

The solution of the problems of increasing energy efficiency at the enterprises of the energy industry is largely due to the competent organization of modern methods of water treatment, which are one of the main units in the technological chain in the production of thermal and electrical energy. Improvement of water treatment technology can be considered as one of the directions of implementation of energy-saving measures at energy facilities. An important task is the introduction of energy-efficient methods of water treatment at thermal stations, including the method of desalination of water. There are the methods of water treatment using instant boiling evaporators, which make it possible to obtain desalinated water for steam boilers in this paper. The efficiency of the proposed water treatment system at a thermal station is shown.
The use of a mobile unit for separating coniferous trees for rational nature management
Authors: Zyryanov Mikhail , Medvedev Sergei , Nepomniachtchi Victor
Published: June 2023

The paper gives the analysis of the problem of rational nature management in the process of logging operations. An assessment of the formation of logging waste in the form of coniferous tree greenery, the expediency of separating needles directly in the places of their accumulation for further transportation and processing is substantiated. To solve the problem of separating needles from branches in logging conditions, the design of a mobile plant for needle separation was proposed. Analytical and mathematical methods were used, as well as modeling of the structures of units and assemblies. The results obtained can be widely used both at logging and wood processing enterprises. The use of the proposed design of a mobile device for separating needles in the process of logging operations will reduce the amount of logging waste by removing needles from the cutting area. This, in turn, will not only reduce the fire hazard of the logging process, but also expand the raw material base for the production of essential oils, bioactive preparations, vitamin flour and other products from coniferous trees.
Features of operation of pastures of the Don basin
Authors: Vlasenko Marina
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the research was to identify the productivity of forage lands on the sandy lands of the Don basin and the optimal load on them of farm animals. The objects of research were pasture ecosystems of Ust-Khopersky, Chirsky, Kazansko-Veshensky, Tsimlyansky, Golubinsky, Archedinsko-Ilovlinsky-Don sand massifs. The work is based on the methods of landscape- bioecological research and the study of the development of phytocenoses. The optimal load of farm animals during their grazing is determined, taking into account the feed capacity of pastures and recommendations for the use of forage lands are given. Overgrown sands are the most productive (1.4-3.8 t/ha). Accordingly, they withstand the greatest load of livestock. When grazing cattle, the load on them should not exceed 0.2-0.4 head / ha, when grazing horses – 0.2-0.5 head / ha, when grazing sheep and goats – 1.0-2.9 head / ha. The most vulnerable areas are open and medium-grown sands. When grazing cattle, the load on them should not exceed 0.1-0.2 head / ha, when grazing horses – 0.1-0.4 head / ha, sheep and goats – 0.4-2.1 head / ha.
Experiments on using "prismatic" nozzle in liquid-vapor system
Authors: Qadirov Abduhoshim , Khamdamov Anvar , Xudayberdiev Absalom
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the research of the effect of the prismatic nozzle design on the large phase contact surface while steam nozzle is used to spray the mistella in the inner cavity of the final distiller. The appearance of the dispersed phase in spraying liquid in a prismatic four-nozzle sprayer was analyzed in the experimental equipment assembled for the study of heat and matter exchange processes using prismatic nozzles. For production conditions, the effectiveness of the use of vertical prismatic nozzles has been proven to accelerate the processes of heat and substance evaporation in the working volume of the device.
Study of the process of obtaining hydrocarbons on the basis of synthesis gas and the fischer-tropsch synthesis reaction
Authors: Davlatova Muhabbat
Published: June 2023

The Fischer–Tropsch process is a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, known as syngas, into liquid hydrocarbons. These reactions occur in the presence of metal catalysts, typically at temperatures of 150–300°C (302–572°F) and pressures of one to several tens of atmospheres. The Fischer–Tropsch process is an important reaction in both coal liquefaction and gas to liquids technology for producing liquid hydrocarbons. In the usual implementation, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the feedstocks for FT, are produced from coal, natural gas, or biomass in a process known as gasification. The process then converts these gases into synthetic lubrication oil and synthetic fuel. This process has received intermittent attention as a source of low-sulfur diesel fuel and to address the supply or cost of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons. Fischer-Tropsch process is discussed as a step of producing carbon-neutral liquid hydrocarbon fuels from CO2 and hydrogen. The article is devoted to the use of synthesis gas as an alternative petroleum raw material for obtaining artificial liquid fuels, hydrocarbons (Fisher-Tropsch synthesis) and aldehydes (hydroformylation or oxo-synthesis). The mechanisms of the considered reactions are discussed.
The effect of mechanical activation methods on the properties of local clays and waste bentonites
Authors: Usmanov Safar , Anorov Rustamjon , Eshmetov Izzat , Salikhanova Dilnozakhan , Adizov Babur
Published: June 2023

One of the most important indicators of mechanical activation of clay minerals is the effect of activation time on the strength of the mixture. One of the most important parameters in the preparation of drilling fluid based on clays is their ability to swell, and the effect on the swelling of clays during mechanical activation was studied. One of the most important parameters of clays used in the preparation of drilling fluids resistant to thermomechanical effects is their colloidal index. Therefore, the effect of mechanical activation time on the colloidal index of these clays was studied. The method of activation of bentonites and analysis of their rheological parameters was studied. In the process of mechanical activation of clays, their activation of chemical reagents created conditions for modifying the increased specific surface area of clay materials.
The effect of lithium on the mechanical properties of alloys in the Al-Li system
Authors: Tursunbayev Sarvar , Turakhodjayev Nodir , Mardanokulov Sharofuddin , Zokirov Ruslan , Odilov Furkat
Published: June 2023

The article considers the dependence of wear resistance and hardness on each other on the mechanical properties of alloys in the aluminum-lithium system. In experiments, lithium fluorine compound from A K7 and D16 aluminum alloys was added as alloying elements to obtain an aluminum-lithium sample. Based on the mechanical properties of the samples, the hardness was changed in accordance with the Rockwell method and the abrasiveness was investigated.The samples were poured into a heat-resistant furnace at a temperature of 750 °C.The lithium fluoride compound was introduced into the charge in three different masses. Lithium compound with fluorine was added in an amount of 5%, 10% and up to 15% of the total weight of the charge. Based on the conducted experiments, a graph of the dependence of the hardness of the samples and the wear resistance was compiled.
Upgraded rotary harrow for vineyards
Authors: Tarasenko Boris , Kusa Khajder , Dzjasheev Abdul-Mudalif , Karnaukhov Andrey , Tikhonov Evgeny , Sokolova Viktoriia , Babaev Sh. M.
Published: June 2023

To improve the quality of surface loosening, it is necessary to search for new approaches to soil maintenance and solving problems related to the reproduction of soil fertility, maintaining production volumes. In this connection, in order to increase operational reliability, simplify the design and clean the teeth from weed stalks in the basic technical tool, which includes a frame in the form of a beam equipped with a suspension system with mounted teeth. The teeth are made of a rectangular strip section, with a bend, with an oval surface on the side opposite to the direction of the bend and a formed arrow-shaped tip. They are placed on batteries of rigidly fixed disks. The teeth have reinforcing annular plates, which are located on the free length of the teeth, and their width is made at least equal to the width of the teeth. The cam element is made in the form of a cylindrical ring equipped with a rounded recess. The use of a modernized rotary harrow in the inter-row spacing of vine-yards will increase the operational reliability and quality of surface loosening, as well as simplify the design and clean the teeth from weed stalks.
Experimental study of the bending of the linter machine saw blade
Authors: Mukhammadiev Davlat , Ibragimov Farhod , Abzoirov Ortiq
Published: June 2023

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the bending of the saw blade of the 5LP linter machine. Therefore, a bench installation was made to conduct an experimental study of the process of the saw blade bending under contact with the ribs. At that, serial gaskets made of AK5M2 aluminum alloy and recommended gaskets of a new design made of St3 steel for the linter machine were used. When modeling the process of saw blades touching the ribs, a load with a bending force of 9.8, 19.6, 34.3 and 49 N is suspended on the maximum diameter of the saw blade. The research results showed that with an increase in bending forces from 9.8 to 49 N, the bending values of the saw blade with an aluminum gasket increase up to 4.5 mm, and with a steel gasket up to 3.5 mm. These results indicate the expediency of using a new design of steel gasket when assembling the saw cylinders of a linter machine, as it increases the bending stability of the saw blades by 28.6% compared to aluminum one AK5M2.
Investigation of seeds mechanical extraction through the seed-removing device from saw gin
Authors: Mukhammadiev Davlat , Ergashev Ilhom
Published: June 2023

The article provides research materials on the extraction of seeds through the seed-removing device from the working chamber of a saw gin with a husking chamber. The maximum values of the angular velocity of the raw cotton roller to the saw blades were determined ωmax =16.09 rad/s (153.71 rpm) for a pipe diameter of 125 mm, then the angular velocity of the seed-removing pipe should be within ω=34.35 rad/s (328.05 rpm), since k=2.45. It was determined that the ratio of seed flow through pipe perforations for pipes of various radii is 21÷38.2% of the total amount of seeds. An account for the productivity of cotton is 7000 kg/h (for seeds, it is 4667 kg/h) and a perforated pipe with a useful area of 20% and a radius of R1=0.0625 m allows the seed extraction at a productivity of 1382.19 kg/h (0.3839 kg/s).
Substantiation of the disk soil-cultivating tool parameters for all forms of farming
Authors: Storozhuk Tatiana , Klasner Georgy , Kremyansky Vladislav , Zhigailov Fedor
Published: June 2023

Increasing soil fertility is provided by the introduction of perfect disk tillage implements. This study is aimed at optimizing the parameters of disk tillage implements, taking into account the peculiarities of interaction between the working elements and the soil-soil on the condition of tillage on the stubble. In this case, it is taken into account that the disc working tool must be well adapted to heavy soils. Despite the diversity of solved problems in determining the geometric shape of disk implements designed to work on heavy soils, still not enough justified parameters of the disk working body. Therefore, this paper establishes the dependence of disc parameters on the depth of working the soil, taking into account the friction forces to ensure the condition of clamping of the material. Theoretical studies allow us to establish the relationship of disc parameters with soil treatment modes to ensure sustainable operation. Particularly, the influence of the shape of disk working organ on providing conditions of sliding cutting is revealed. Formulas for determining the parameters of the disk tillage tool and the method of its calculation can find practical use in the development of the working body in the factory conditions.
Study of the 125 mm diameter seed-removing tube performance
Authors: Ergashev Ilhom , Primov Baxrom , Abdusalomov Mirzo
Published: June 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the performance of a seed-removing (perforated) tube with a diameter of 125 mm. To study the practical performance of the seed-removing tube with a diameter of 125 mm, a 30-saw cotton gin with a cleaning section was developed. As a result of the study, a regression equation was derived to determine the productivity of the seed-removing tube, depending on the density of the raw cotton roller and the rotational velocity of the perforated tube. As a result of the research, a decrease in the productivity of the seed-removing tube (from 149.75 to 54.91 kg/h) was established with a decrease in the density of the raw cotton roller (from 227 to 219 kg/m3) and an increase in the rotational speed of the seed-removing tube (from 280 to 360 rpm).
Design and modelling of operational amplifier for energy systems
Authors: Rybalka Sergey , Demidov Andrey , Kulchenkov Evgeny
Published: June 2023

In the present study the single channel operational amplifier IS-OU1 with 15 V supply voltage (open loop gain ~100-110 dB) design is based on n-p-n type bipolar transistors has been developed. It is shown that the proposed macromodel sufficiently describes behaviour of operational amplifier. It is established that obtained electrical parameters characteristics of operational amplifier macromodel have good agreement with design requirements. Consequently the proposed design operational amplifier can be applied in industry production for further use in electrical integrated analogue circuits and energy systems.
New approach to the optimal planning of maintenance and repairs of equipment for hydropower facilities
Authors: Kovalev Igor , Lifar Alexandra , Losev Vasiliy , Shaporova Zinaida , Podoplelova Valeria , Borovinsky Dmitry , Yodgorov Mansur
Published: June 2023

The effectiveness of maintenance and repairs of hydropower equipment largely determines the environmental safety and reliability of the operation of modern hydroelectric power plants. The article proposes a new approach to planning the maintenance and repairs of hydraulic equipment. The task is to determine the sequence of control actions of the system of maintenance and repairs of hydropower equipment, which, at a minimum cost, will ensure the maintenance of a given level of technical condition of the fleet of this equipment at a hydroelectric power plant for a specified period. It is taken into account that the equipment is at different stages of operation. The article considers the formulations of scheduling optimization problems for various industries. A mathematical formulation of the optimization problem for planning a multi-stage maintenance and repair process for hydropower facilities is formulated.
Improving the quality of electricity using the application of reactive power sources
Authors: Tovbaev Akram , Boynazarov Gayrat , Togaev Islom
Published: June 2023

This article includes measures to improve the quality of electricity, reactive power sources, as well as various factors and circumstances affecting electricity. The technological processes of any production largely depend on the quality of electricity. In general, low electricity quality can be characterized as any changes in power supply. The result is a violation of the normal directions of the production process, damage to equipment, transformers, electric motors. Modern methods of improving its quality in the transmission and distribution of electricity are very numerous and significant. In parallel, the article studied the components of the power supply system in order to achieve high-quality electricity in order to improve the living conditions of the population and increase production efficiency.
Moisture loss from freshly laid concrete, depending on the temperature and humidity of the environment
Authors: Khamidov Adhamjon , Akhmedov Islombek , Umarov Isroil
Published: June 2023

The paper is devoted to the research of moisture loss from freshly laid concrete, depending on the temperature and humidity of the environment. Freshly laid concrete, hardening in a dry and hot climate, in the absence of care, under the influence of climatic conditions (high temperature, low humidity, solar radiation, dry winds). Significant moisture losses are observed, cement hydration is reduced, concrete hardening is slowed down (and may even stop), as a result, a decrease in strength is observed (sometimes up to 50%). Therefore, the study of the problems of caring for freshly laid concrete is very relevant.
Influence of the process of reserving filled containers of the cotton picker on the completeness of the cotton harvest
Authors: Alikulov Sattor , Eshkobilov Olim
Published: June 2023

The technology and technical means for collecting cotton in elastic cylindrical containers, loading them and transporting them to cotton processing enterprises have been developed, allowing to increase the productivity of the complex of machines and preserve the quality of the grown crop. The design of a cotton harvesting machine is proposed, analytical studies are carried out to ensure the stable operation of the machine mechanisms in accordance with agrotechnical requirements. It is assumed that the reserve device with the support wheel will have a damping effect on the harvesters not only in the process of reservation, but also in the process of picking cotton with a reserved container. To do this, it is necessary to conduct comparative experimental studies to determine the effect of the reserve device on the course stability and agro technical indicators of the cotton picker for wheeled and wheel less schemes of reserve devices.
On the quality of the harvested cotton and the energy efficiency of the air transport system of the cotton-picking machines
Authors: Rizaev Anvar A. , Normatov Mansurbek K. , Ganjaev Shokhrukh A. , Nishanaliyev Shukhrat , Khakimov Marks A. , Turdibekov Akrom R.
Published: June 2023

The article covers the analysis of research on the power consumption of air transport systems of spindle cotton picking machines of different designs and the quality of picked cotton. The main attention is paid to the mechanical damage of seeds, which is one of the quality criteria. Using the principles of air suction-compression, compression and ejection used in machines, power consumption and mechanical damage to cotton seeds were analyzed based on the results of the conducted experiments. Conclusions on scientific and technical solutions aimed at ensuring the quality of picked cotton at the required level are presented.
Morphology of wintering shoots of a rare species Exochorda serratifolia S. Moore in Primorsky Krai
Authors: Kolyada Aleksandr S. , Kolyada Nina A. , Malysheva Svetlana K.
Published: June 2023

The paper studies the morphology of winter shoots of the rare species Exochorda serratifolia S. Moore (Rosaceae Juss.) included in the Red Book of Primorsky Krai (Russian Federation) in the natural population (Khankaisky district of Primorsky Krai) and in culture (the arboretum of the Mountain Taiga Station of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) during 2020-2021. The studied morphological features (linear dimensions of the stem, buds and leaf scars, the number of metamers, bud scales, etc.) vary slightly. A number of morphological characteristics of the buds of Exochorda serratifolia – polyscaly, type of budding, the presence of a waxy coating are adaptive features to temperate continental climatic conditions. The obtained data on the morphology of overwintering shoots of Exochorda serratifolia can be used as additional diagnostic features for identification of the plant in a leafless state.
Winter refuge for freshwater fish
Authors: Chemagin Andrey A.
Published: June 2023

The ecological aspect of the behavioral and physiological adaptation of fish in the autumn-winter period in water bodies of the temperate and subarctic climatic zones of the Northern Hemisphere is considered. It has been established that fish in the studied areas with a decrease in water temperature form aggregations in deep, low-speed sites for the successful wintering. In the considered period of the life cycle, the metabolism in fish slows down to reduce the depletion of lipid reserves; therefore, this group of aquatic organisms forms accumulations in areas with fundamental properties - depth and low flow rate. This phenomenon can be considered a behavioral-physiological adaptation developed as a result of evolutionary processes. The results of work on the discovery of such wintering grounds have been noted for the continents - Eurasia and North America. Fish families that use such winter refuge include Cyprinidae, Percidae, Coregonidae, Thymallidae, Salmonidae, Lotidae, Esocidae, Siluridae, and Acipenseridae.
Characteristics of the ecological danger of illegal poaching fish catches in the lower reaches of the Irtysh river
Authors: Volosnikov Gleb I.
Published: June 2023

Poaching of aquatic biological resources is one of the most common environmental crimes, causing direct and indirect harm to the entire amount of fish stocks. It is necessary to have a clear understanding of the composition and quality of poacher’s catches in order to properly manage fish stocks. This paper examines the poaching catches of the lower reaches of the Irtysh River, based on the data of forensic ichthyologic examinations over the past 9 years. The study showed that the basis of poaching catches is Siberian sturgeon, sterlet, ide, carpbream, nelma, burbot, less in demand, gibel carp, crucian carp, common roach, zander, perch, pike. Poachers harvest Siberian sturgeon, burbot, sterlet, gibel carp, nelma and pike of all sizes, not giving preference only to large or small ones. From 2013 to 2019, sturgeons dominated the catches, but since 2020, the share of cyprinids has increased significantly. An analysis of the fatness of fish in poacher catches shows that poachers try to seize healthy and well-fed representatives of all fish species, except for the Siberian sturgeon, which is harvested regardless of condition.
Information and measuring systems for the protection of natural ecosystems in the Arctic regions of Yakutia
Authors: Borisov Alexey I.
Published: June 2023

Ways to stabilize the ecological situation for the protection of natural ecosystems in the context of global warming is becoming an urgent issue today. Within the framework of this article, an urgent problem related to environmental problems in the Arctic is considered. The introduction formulates in more detail the purpose of the article, which is to create information-measuring systems for environmental monitoring in the Arctic regions of Yakutia. To date, this category includes 13 different municipalities of the republic. The main part is paid attention to areas that have serious environmental problems. At the same time, specific examples of information-measuring systems of other regions are considered in more detail, key requirements for these systems are highlighted. The conclusion concludes that today much more effort is required to monitor the environment. However, this process requires close cooperation between the government, scientific institutions and industrial companies.
Environmentally friendly technology for the production of powder for the food industry by drying the technically ripe fruits of the caper plant
Authors: Abdullayev Zokirjon I. , Karimov Islom R. , Mamadjonova Nilufar A.
Published: June 2023

The paper describes the innovative technology for the production of powder for the food industry by means of drying ripe fruits. It is shown that drying methods have a significant effect on the composition of the fruit when dried. Experiments have shown that the composition of the fruit changes when dried in the shade, and that these parameters do not change only when dried by lyophilization. The authors show that the composition of the fruit changes due to the high temperature in the cabinet dryer.
Agrotechnological protection of cotton from sucking pests in various ways of planting
Authors: Yusupova Makhpuza , Irisova Shakhnoza
Published: June 2023

Today, cotton is grown in 97 countries, a total of 34.675 million. China produces 21.7 percent of the world's cotton, 21.1 percent belong to India, 17.6 percent belong to the United States, 9.8 percent belong to Brazil, and 7.2 percent belong to Pakistan. One of the main factors of obtaining a high and quality harvest in the cultivation of agricultural products is the protection of plants from pests, diseases and weeds. For this purpose, it is necessary to organize and manage properly agricultural plant protection measures. In the conditions of the regions of the Fergana Valley, mainly sucking pests cause severe damage.
Technology of growing orchid flowers from seeds
Authors: Misirova Surayyo
Published: June 2023

For the first time, the introduction and adaptability of the Felionopsis variety, an orchid (Orchidaceae J.) imported from Malaysia, was analyzed. When using 0.4 l/mg of BAP (quinitine) as part of a nutrient medium for growing orchids in vitro from seeds and vegetative parts, the number of flowers at the 18th month was 10 or 2 times compared with the preparation Trichoderma vrayde and it was found that it is possible increase activated carbon by 2.5 times. It has been proven that up to 60% of explants can be obtained in 2 weeks using the MS+1NAA+1BAP hormone when cultivating an orchid flower stem in vitro.
Features of the immune response of rainbow trout to vaccination of antigens Yersinia ruckeri, Aeromonas salmonicida, Listonella anguillarum and Renibacterium salmoninarum
Authors: Droshnev Alexey , Zavyalova Elena , Karpova Marianna , Alontseva Darya
Published: June 2023

The antigens of Yersinia ruckeri, Aeromonas salmonicida sp.salmonicida, Listonella anguillarum and Renibacterium salmoninarum were immunized to rainbow trout of different ages immersion and intraperitaneal, then waited 300 degree days, after which they were infected with homologous and heterologous strains of the studied microorganisms. Prepared antigens and their various combinations were used in the experiments. After the control infection, the level of protective immunity was compared. The level of antibacterial protection obtained by the introduction of polyvalent variants was comparable to that acquired from the introduction of monovalent antigens. A number of cross–reactions were detected - so vaccination with pure A. salmonicida antigen provided some protection against infection with L. anguillarum and Y. ruckeri. In addition, the addition of R. salmoninarum antigen in combination enhanced the protective effect against other diseases to a greater extent than from homologous infection.
Ecological aspects of study of carbon adsorbents and their characteristics depending on rice husk processing conditions
Authors: Mehmonkhonov Mansurkhon , Yuldashev Jurabek , Ergashev Oybek , Ochilov Golibjon , Eshmetov Izzat
Published: June 2023

The industrial production and use of adsorption materials, especially carbon adsorbents, is steadily increasing every year worldwide. Natural coals and plant waste are used to produce activated carbon. One of the promising raw materials in the Republic of Uzbekistan for the production of activated carbon is rice husk, because of its renewability and cheapness. The paper highlights the results of the study of processing of rice husks to separate the main substances - activated carbon. Pre-carbonization of PW at 600°C with subsequent impregnation with KOH solution and further thermal activation at 1000°C is found to increase the specific surface of coal to 1286 m2/g, whereas for coal sample obtained by thermal activation of carbonizate. The specific surface is 1108 m2/g after impregnation with a KOH solution. In all temperature ranges of activation of the surface, the characteristic is greater in the first sample. Therefore, rice husks should be processed in a sequence: carbonization at 600°C, 20% carbonization of KOH solutions at 120°C within 2 hours, thermal and activation with water vapor at temperatures above 850°C, which ensures higher surface characteristics of the coal produced.
The choice of the transmission structure of a wheeled machine for the mechanization of thinning
Authors: Chajkin Alexander , Dobretsov Roman , Zagidullin Ramil , Korol Sergey , Timokhova Oksana , Ariko Sergey
Published: June 2023

The article reflects the relevance of the mechanization of work and individual operations in the course of planned thinning in forests of various types. The specific operating conditions of machines used for this type of forestry work are determined. The principles of construction of transmissions of machines for various purposes are considered, a method for determining external parameters and constructing a kinematic diagram of an inter-axle controlled power distribution mechanism in its composition is proposed. The results of kinematic and force analysis for the considered example of the mechanism are presented. Prospects for using the mechanisms of this family are formulated.