bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carrot Weevil Control in Carrots, 1980
Authors: Grafius E. , Collins R. , Morrow E. , Love A.
Published: March 2022

Carrots were planted May 9. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Plots were 6 rows wide (ca 9 ft) by 30 ft long and were arranged linearly along the border of the field. Treatments (except for Temik) were applied with a tractor mounted boom sprayer at 30 gpa. Temik was applied at planting with a Gandy granular applicator. On all other plots, treatments were applied on Jun 13, 23, 30; Jul 7, 14, 21; Aug 4, 11, 18, 25.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Collards Interplanted with Other Vegetables, 1981
Authors: Latheef M. A. , Ortiz John H.
Published: March 2022

Morris Heading col lard was transplanted on May 4 at Virginia State University Randolph Farm, Chesterfield County, VA. Soil type was a Goldsboro fine sandy loam. The field plots were assembled as a randomized complete block design with 4 rows, each 10 ft long. Col lards were planted in one of these rows while squash, pepper and eggplant were planted in the remaining 3 rows. These plots were replicated 4 times with 5 ft alleys between plots, col lards were treated 2 weeks after planting with a piston pump sprayer mounted with a single hollow cone nozzle. Spray solutions were prepared at the rate of 100 gallons/acre. Spraying was initiated on May 20 and was continued at biweekly intervals thereafter until a total of 5 sprayings were completed. The first larval counts were taken 2 weeks after spraying and subsequently at biweekly intervals. A foliar damage rating was conducted on Jul 13. Three plants were sampled from each treatment during each sampling which peceded 1 or 2 days before spraying.
Sweet Corn, First Brood European Corn Borer Control, 1981
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

The sweet corn utilized in this study was planted on Apr 26 on the Hugh Tuttle Farm, Dover, NH. Each plot consisted of a 30-ft row of corn and each treatment was replicted 4 times In a randomized complee block design. Treatments were applied to the whorls when leaf feeding injury began to be detected. Spray applications were made using a B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer at 40 psi and a volume of 26 gal/acre. Granular applications were directed into the whorls using a Gandy pTot applicator. Evaluations were made on Jul 28 by examining all stalks and ears in each treatment and determining the percentage Injury by the larvae.
Reduction of Stewart’s Wilt Disease by Controlling Flea Beetles in Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Sugar & Gold’ sweet corn were planted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on May 6. Plots consisted of 4 rows of corn on 30-inch centers and 25 ft long. A 15 ft alleyway separated each plot within each replicate. Twenty plants in the outside 2 rows of each plot were artificially inoculated with Stewart’s wilt bacteria on May 27 using an injection needle (one of the 2 untreated plots received no inoculation). Furadan 10g granules were placed in the furrow at planting time. Furadan 4F and Sevin 80S were applied as foliar spray on May 28 and Jun 3 using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with one nozzle over the whorl calibrated to deliver 55 gal/acre at 250 psi. All 4 rows per plot were treated. Percent infected plants, percent dead plants, plant heght and yield data were recorded from the middle (non-inoculated) two rows only.
Foliar Sprays to Control Lepid0Pteran Larvae on Late-Planted Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Silver Treat’ sweet corn was planted Aug 1 to 8 Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 4 rows wide on 30-inch centers and 25 ft long. Whorl sprays were applied with a trctor-mounted boom sprayer with one nozzle centered over the row calibrated to deliver 55 gal/A at 40 psi; foliar sprays at silking were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 4 nozzles/row, directed at the ear zone, which delivered 170 gal/A at 250 psi. Whorl treatments were applied aug 29 and Sep 4. Foliar sprays at silking were applied Sep 21, 25 and 29 and Oct 2. Twenty plants from the middle 2 rows were evaluated on Sep 11 for armyworm damage. The categories for armyworm foliar feeding damage are as follows: (0) no damage; (1) slight damage; (2) 10% damage; (3) moderate damage, 25% of whorl destroyed; (4) heavy damage, 50% of whorl destroyed; and (5) severe damage, skeletonized, whorls destroyed. At harvest (Oct 15) 20 ears from the middle 2 rows of each plot were evaluated for ‘worm’ damage as “none” (clean), “tip” (less than 1.5 inches tip damage) and “side”. O Oct 24, 20 stalks from the middle 2 rows of each plot were split from tassel to soil surface; each inch of European corn borer damage was recorded as one cavity.
Cabbage Looper and Green Peach Aphid Control on Lettuce, 1981
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J.
Published: March 2022

Each treatment consisted of two 25 ft rows bordered on each side by 2 untreated rows replicated 4 times and planted Jul 31 in a randomized complete block design. Plants were thinned to ca 12 inches. Row spacing was 36 inches, prior to the test, the entire plot was sprayed 3 times with carbaryl at 1.0 lb ai/acre to increase aphid populations. Treatment applications were made Sep 25 using a 2 row tractor-mounted sprayer delivering 38 GPA through 3 flat fan SS-110015 TeeJet nozzles/row. Counts were made Sep 28 by removing 3 heads from each plot and dissecting them. Cabbage looper populations in this plot were at the highest level on lettuce that we have ever observed.
European Corn Borer Control, 1981
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Hybelle’ bell peppers were transplanted Jun 1 in Sassafras sandy loam in single rows, 25 ft long plots in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times; a guard row buffered each treated row. Sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with 1 drop nozzle on either side of the row and 1 nozzle over the center calibrated to deliver 85 gal/acre at 250 psi. Granular materials were banded 2 inches deep and 4 inches out from the plant on both sides of the row and lightly incorporated on Jun 15 and Jun 29 with Furadan 10G, 15G and Jun 29 with RH-9358 5G, BAS-263 10G and Vydate 10G. Foliar treatments were initiated Jul 13 on a 7-day schedule until Sep 17. Mixed red and green commercial peppers were harvested and split open to determine corn borer infestations on Aug 13, sep 10 and Oct 10. Statistical analyses were based on the arcsin transformation.
Apple, Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to 16 yr old apple trees at Monmouth, ME, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 200 psi and at a rate of 300-350 gal/acre. Spray dates were May 5 (tight cluster), 9 (pre-pink), 29 (petal all), Jun 8 (first cover), 26-30 (second), Jul 8-9 (third), 22 (fourth), Aug 6 (fifth), and 18 (sixth); materials applied as indicated in table. The standard pesticide program (rates are per 100 gal) during the course of this test consisted of captan 80W (1 lb) on 7 dates, manzate 200 80W (.75 lb) plus Benlate 50W (3 oz) plus Imidan 50W (1 lb) on May 26 and Jun 4, Imidan 50W (1 lb) on May 29, Epsom salts (15 lb) on Jun 19, and Sevin 50W (2 lb) on Jul 6. There were no tank-mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications/treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 4 ‘Red Delicious’ cultivars/treatment in Test 1, and 2 ‘Cortland’ and 2 ‘Golden Delicious’ in Test 2. From each tree 25 leaves were collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, the mites brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day.
Mexican Bean Beetle Control, 1982
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M.
Published: March 2022

‘Bush Blue Lake 274’ snap beans were planted on 13 May near Benson,. N. C. Treatment plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 42-in centers. Foliar treatments were applied using CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 10 gal/acre at 40 lb/in3. A single application was made on 9 Jun., when approximately 40% of the Mexican bean beetle egg masses had hatched.
Insect Control on Spring Broccoli, 1983
Authors: Criswell Jim T. , Bostian Bruce
Published: March 2022

‘Green Comet’ broccoli was transplanted 1 Apr. at the Vegetable Research Station, Bixby, Okla. Plots consisted of three 2-m rows with 0.3 m between plants in a row. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were made 20 and 27 May with a CO2 compresssed air sprayer, delivering 30 gal/acre at 30 lb/in. Evaluations were made 19 and 25 May and 2 June by counting larvae on two plants in the center of the middle row of the plot. Rainfall occurred 21 May (1.13 in), 28 May (0.85 in) and 30 May (0.74 in).
Residues of Pounce (Permethrin and Its Two Metabolites: Dichlorovinyl Acid and Metaphenoxybenzyl Alcohol) When Applied to Chinese Cabbage for Control of Root Maggot, 1981
Authors: George D. A.
Published: March 2022

Pounce EC formulation was diluted with water and applied as a broadcast spray to Chinese cabbage plots at the recommended rate of 0.1 lb (AD/40 gal of water/acre or twice the recommended rate. Treatment began on 4 Aug. 1981, and continued every 6 days, ending on 22 Sept. 1981, for a total of eight applications. There were four replications of each treatment. The laboratory procedure used for sampling, extraction, and cleanup of extract is available on request. Residues were determined on samples taken 0, 1, and 3 days after the last treatment. The residues were determined with a Hewlett-Packard 5840A gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. Column: 5% QF-1 on Supelcoport (100/120 mesh), glass (4 ft by 3/16 in.). Known amounts of pure permethrin and its two metabolites (acid and alcohol) were added in the range of 0.01 to 1.00 ppm to untreated control samples and the percent recovery was determined.
Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm Control on Cauliflower, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. , Morrow E. , May A. , Otto M. E.
Published: March 2022

Seedling cauliflower were transplanted on 1 Aug., 1983, at the M.S.U. Entomol. Res. facility on campus. Plots were three rows wide by 20 ft long. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications per treatment. A Lorsban drench was applied to all plots 3 Aug. at 50 gal/acre for cabbage maggot control. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre. Treatments were applied on 12, 20, 24, and 31 Aug., and 7, 15, and 26 Sept. Weekly insect counts were taken on two entire plants from the middle row of each plot.
Leafminer Control on Celery, Spring 1981
Authors: Leibee Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Celery was transplanted 15 Apr. into Lauderhill muck soil on the Univ. of Florida, Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent, farm in Zellwood, Fla. Treatments were applied to single row plots 15 ft long (36 in row spacing and 7 in plant spacing) and replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by weed-free 10 ft alleys. The sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized, 2.5-gal., B & G sprayer. SD 52618, Vydate, GS Mixture, and the 0.5 and 1.0 rates of Monitor were applied as foliar sprays with a boom with one overhead and two drop nozzles with D3 orifice plates and #45 cores. The delivery rate was 50 gal/acre with a boom pressure of about 45 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. The 2-lb rates of Monitor and Orthene were applied as a 4-in band to the soil at the base of each side of the celery plant. The delivery rate was 119 gal/acre, using a single nozzle with a D6 orifice plate and #56 core, a boom pressure of about 45 lb/in2 and a speed of 3mph. RH 9358 and CC11242 granules were applied as a 10-in. band over the top of the celery plants using a calibrated hand-held granular applicator. CC 8158 bait was applied over the top of the celery plants in premeasured amounts using a shaker can. Percentage of leaf area mined per trifoliate was used to evaluate effectiveness of treatments. This was calculated from 10 trifoliates sampled from foliage of intermediate age from 10 plants per plot. Effect of the foliar sprays on parasites was measured by removing 20 trifoliates from each plot and holding these in paper cartons until all parasites and flies had emerged. The overall amount of mine damage was lower than usual due to a large amount of parasite activity.
Insect Control on Sweet Corn, Spring, 1982
Authors: Leibee Gary L.
Published: March 2022

‘Goldcup’ sweet corn was planted 16 Apr. in Myakka fine sand on the Univ. of Florida Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent, in Sanford. Counter 15G 2 lb (AI)/acre and Lasso 15G 3 lb (AI)/acre were incorporated in 15 in bands at planting time. Pydrin 2.4EC 0.1 lb (AI)/acre was applied to the entire experiment on 5 May to control a severe infestation of fall armyworm which threatened the entire experiment. A plot consisted of four 30 ft rows with 30 in row spacing and 12 in plant spacing, plots were separated by one unsprayed row. Treatments were replicated in five randomized complete blocks separated by 20 ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2-pressurized sprayer mounted on a Hustler high-clearance tractor. Three nozzles (D2-25) were used per row; one overhead and one drop on each side. The delivery rate was 32 gal/acre with a boom pressure of about 40 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. Applications were made on 13 and 19 May, and 3, 7, 10, and 14 June. Twenty ears were sampled from each plot; 10 from each of the two middle rows. The frequency of the tassels that showed evidence of The frequency of tip, side, and base damage to the ear, and silk bud damage was recorded on 1 June, clipping was recorded on 16 June.
Budworm Control on Sweet Corn, Spring, 1982
Authors: Leibee Gary L.
Published: March 2022

‘Goldcup’ sweet corn was planted 26 May in Myakka fine sand on the Univ. of Florida Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent, in Sanford. Nemacur 15G 2 lb (AI)/acre was incorporated at planting time in a 15 in band for nematode control. A plot consisted of two 20-ft rows with 30 in-row spacing and 12 in-plant spacing. Plots were separated by 60 in (two row spacings). Treatments were replicated in four randomized complete blocks separated by 10 ft. weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers model G tractor. Three nozzles (D3-45) were used per row; one overhead and one drop on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gal/acre with a boom pressure of about 50 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. Baits were broadcasted over-the-top in premeasured amounts wiith a shaker-can. Lannate 1.8L at .45 lb (AI)/acre was applied to the entire experiment (including untreated check) on 11 June, due to a severe infestation of fall armyworm, Spodoptera fruqiperda (J. E. Smith), that threatened the existence of the experiment. Baits were applied 15 and 22 June. Sprays were applied 16 (except Pounce) and 22 June. The effectiveness of the treatments applied on 15 and 16 June is questionable, due to 0.85, 0.24, and 4.0 in of rain on 15, 16, and 17 June, respectively. Applications made on 22 June were not as severely affected by rain; 0.1 and 0.2 in on 23 and 24 June. Damage ratings were taken when the plants were 12 to 18 in tall; the stage considered most susceptible to bud destruction by fall armyworm. Twenty plants (10 in each row) per plot were rated for damage on 25 June as follows: 1, no damage; 2, etching only (evidence of foliar feeding by newly hatched larvae); 3, damage to bud; and 4, bud completely destroyed. Twenty plants (10 in each row) per plot were rated for damage on 28 June as follows: 0, no damage; 1, etching only; 2, light bud damage; 3, severe bud damage; and 4, bud completely destroyed.
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms, Fall Armyworms and European Corn Borers in No-Till Sweet Corn, 1983
Authors: Linduska James J. , Dively Galen P. , Harrison Floyd P. , Hellman John L.
Published: March 2022

‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in four-row plots 60 ft in length on 3 June. Overwintered rye 6 to 8 in tall was killed by treating with 1.0 pt Paraquat + 1.25 qt Lasso on 5 May. On 3 June Paraquat (1.5 pt) + Atrazine (1.4 qt) + Lasso (1.25 qt) was applied to the rye cover crop. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 in Treatment plots were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by four nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat four rows. All treatments were mixed in 20 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 lb/in2. Spray treatments were applied at 50% silk (25 July) and 3 days later (28 July) except for Zectran plots which were treated only on 25 July. Plots were harvested 11 Aug. and evaluated as to insect species causing injury. One-hundred ears per treatment/replication were harvested and graded. Only the center two rows of each plot were harvested. The soil type was a Galestown sandy loam.
Onion Thrips Control, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. F. , Warner F. , Mitchel M. , Morrow E.
Published: March 2022

Onions were seeded in 18 in rows at the M.S.U. Muck Crops Exp. Farm, Bath, Mich. (Clinton Co.). Onions, cv. Downing Yellow Globe, for Experiment 1, were planted in 18-in rows on 13 May with tractor-mounted. Planet Junior seeders and soil insecticide treatments were applied with a Gandy granular applicator. Plots were 15 rows by 15 ft long and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with two replications of foliar treatments within each soil treatment. The soil treatments were not replicated, although samples were taken from randomly selected plants within each treatment. Foliar treatments were applied approximately weekly with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer (30 gal/acre) beginning when thrips populations began building up. Onions, cv. Spartan Banner, for Experiment 2 were planted on 15 May in 18-in rows with a vee-belt seeder. Plots were 1 row by 19 ft long and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications per treatment. Plots were part of a larger (13 treatment) experiment evaluating onion maggot control, reported separately. All of the onion maggot control plots, including the Dyfonate-treated and untreated plots reported here, were sprayed with Pydrin (0.1 lb(AI)/A) for thrips control beginning 2 Aug., and were not intensively sampled for thrips. Onion plants were sampled visually for thrips approximately weekly. Sixty plants per treatment (15 per plot) were sampled in Experiment 1 and 50 per treatment (10 per plot) in Experiment 2. Data was analyzed using standard ANOVA analysis with each plant (= subsample) being treated as a replication, since the variability between plants far exceeded the variability between plots.
Wireworm Control on Potatoes, 1982
Authors: Bishop Guy , Blackmer Jackie
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted on 25 Apr. at the Malheur, Oreg. experiment station in silt loam soil. Chemicals were hand mixed into the soil covering the tubers at the time of planting. Plots were a single row 20 ft long; treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Row spacing was 3 ft in a furrow-irrigated field. All tubers from each plot were harvested, weighed and examined for injuries.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Tomatoes, 1983
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

‘UC-134-1-2’ tomatoes were direct seeded in single row plots 45 ft in length, on 27 May. Plots consisted of a treatment row buffered on one side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 72 inches. When plants were 2 to 3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of three tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 lb/in2 . Treatments were applied 3 Jun. and 29 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae per 10 ft of row and the percentage of defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken 12 Sep.
Impact of Insecticides on Secondary Outbreak of Tomato Russet Mites, 1983
Authors: Perring Thomas M. , Trumble John T.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted at the Univ. of California South Coast Field St. in Orange County, Calif. Tomato seedlings were transplanted 13 Jul. on 5-ft centers and grown as bush tomatoes. Topically applied irrigation was utilized for 2 weeks following transplant, after which time plants were drip irrigated. Experimental plots consisted of four rows which were 40 ft long, each plot separated by a 5-ft buffer. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Insecticide applications were initiated at flowering (22 Aug.) and continued on a weekly basis for 7 weeks (3 Oct.), except for the SD compounds which were not applied the 5th week (19 Sep.). Materials were applied with a tractor mounted boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gal/acre at 100 lb/in2. All treatments included 0.04% spreader sticker (Leaf Act 40). Three days following the last treatment, plots were evaluated for russet mite damage. Four plants per plot were randomly selected and rated on a 1 to 10 scale based on the percentage of total tissue damaged.
Control of Insects on Fresh Market Tomato in West-Central Florida, Fall 1982
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set 8 Sept., 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft-wide by 8-inch-high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and were replicated four times in a randomized complete blocks design. Treatments were applied 7, 14, 21, 28 Oct., 9, 18, 23 Nov. , 3, 9, 17, and 22 Dec. with a 2.5 gal, handheld CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 lb/in2 and delivered 50 to 140 gal/acre (averaged 110 gal/acre; gallonage increased as the plants grew). On 8 Dec, the number of large leafmines (ca. 0.5 inches or longer) were counted on the terminal three leaflets of the fourth fully expanded leaf from the tops of 10 branches per plot and the foliage excised and placed in 1 qt Fonda ice cream cartons. The cartons were incubated at ca. 80°F for 1 week and the numbers of leafminers puparia were counted. The number of undamaged fruit and the numbers of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae (principally the southern armyworm and a climbing armyworm), southern green stink bugs or both armyworm larvae and stink bugs were totaled over harvests taken on 15 and 29 Dec. Percentage data were transformed arcsine %/100 before analysis but data are presented in the original scale.
Mole Cricket Control in Tomato, 1983
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: March 2022

Plastic buckets (0.7 ft) were filled with Myakka fine sand so that the surface area was 1.1 ft and volume was 0.4 ft. One tall tomato seedling (4 to 5 in. tall) was transplanted at each corner of 6-inch squares in the middles of each of 56 buckets. Ten adult, field-collected S. vicinus females were introduced into each bucket. Each of the six insecticide treatments was applied to the soil surfaces of eight buckets, whereas no insecticide was applied to the soil surfaces of eight buckets. The granule and bait formulations were applied by hand-sprinkling over the soil surface. Sprays were applied with a handheld CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 lb/in2 and delivered 55 gal/acre. One bucket for each treatment, including an untreated check, was randomly assigned a position in each of eight rows (replicates). Buckets were placed in a covered structure with no sides and were covered with polypropylene shade cloth to inhibit cricket escape. After 3 and 7 days, the number of severed plants and dead and surviving crickets in four replicates were determined. The percent mortality was calculated and transformed arcsine (%)/(0.01) before analysis of variance. Data are presented in the original scale.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, Missouri, 1983
Authors: Brandenburg R.L. , Kirfman G.W.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted on 16 May at Spickard, Mo., on an 11-year-old stand. The alfalfa was 12 in. tall at treatment. Plots were 40 by 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments were applied with a 20-ft spray boom 8002 flat fan nozzles, and 50 mesh screens. Sprays were applied at 16.5 gal/acre and 40 lb/in2. Temperature at treatment was 70°F. Measurable precipitation fell on 11 of the 22 days following treatment. Evaluations were conducted at 24 h, 9 day and 15 day posttreatment by taking 10 (180 degree) sweeps with a 15-inch sweep net. The data were transformed by X + O.5. The means in the table are of actual counts.
Alfalfa, Potato Leafhopper Control, Missouri, 1983
Authors: Brandenburg R.L. , Seevers K.P.
Published: March 2022

The test area was part of a spring seeded stand of “Buffalo” alfalfa. Compounds for evaluation were applied on 6 July 1983 to 40 by 40 ft plots in 16.5 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 using a tractor-mounted boom-type sprayer with 8002 flat fan nozzles and 50-mesh screens. Conditions at treatment were 85°F and no wind. Alfalfa was 12 in. tall. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in four replications. Samples consisting of 10 (180-degree) sweeps with a 15-inch sweep net, were taken pretreatment, 24 h, 7 and 14 days posttreatment to evaluate potato leafhopper control.
Control of Insects on Alfalfa, 1983
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Stoltz Robert
Published: March 2022

Eight compounds applied as foliar treaments were evaluated for efficacy against alfalfa weevil and pea aphids on 15 June. Plots were 24 by 24 ft with four replications per treatment in randomized blocks. Treatments were applied 13 June with a hand-operated CO2 sprayer operating at 40 lb/in2. Sprays were applied to alfalfa in early bud stage at the rate of 50 gal/acre. Counts were made with a standard 15-in. sweep net using 5, 180 sweeps per plot.
Alfalfa, Potato Leafhopper Control, 1983
Authors: Weaver Joseph E.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied 5 Aug., using a tractor-mounted hydraulic sprayer with a boom length of 20 ft at 32.5 gal of water per acre and 40 lb/in2 ; plant height averaged 7 in. Treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design on plots measuring 38 by 42 ft. Sampling consisted of one 10-sweep sample per plot using a standard 15-in. diam. sweep-net swung in a 180° arc. Samples were collected at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days posttreatment. Total accumulative precipitation was 0, 0.27, 0.67, and 1.70 in. for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days posttreatment, respectively.
Miticide Efficacy Test, 1983
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Sloderbeck P. E.
Published: March 2022

This experiment was conducted on a furrow irrigated corn field at the Garden City Exp. St. in Finney County, Kans. Eighteen treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Each plot was 3 m wide (four rows) and 15 m long surrounded by a 3 m-wide border of untreated corn. Chemical treatments were applied on 6 Aug. with a high clearance sprayer using a 3 m boom with three nozzles directed at each row (one nozzle directly over the row and two suspended on 46 cm drop hoses). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gal of water/acre with 30 lb/in2 of CO2 pressure. About a week before treating the plots, four plants were selected from the center two rows of each plot and flagged. Two of these plants were innoculated with Banks grass mites and two of the plants were innoculated with twospotted spider mites in an effort to augment the natural population of Banks grass mites and establish twospotted mites in the plots. Counts were made by visually searching the leaves on one side of each of these marked plants for adult female mites. Percent twospotted spider mites was established by randomly collecting approximately five mites, using an aspirator from every other leaf of the two plants innoculated with twospotted mites and then mounting 20 adult mites per plot for microscopic examination.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1983
Authors: Pless C.D. , Shamiyeh N.B.
Published: March 2022

Twelve foliar insecticide treatments were evaluated for first brood European corn borer control. Field corn ‘Pioneer 3147’ was planted on 2 May. Plots were 30 ft by 4 rows (38-in. spacing) with four replicates in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5-ft alleys. Plant population was 50 plants per 30 row ft. Insecticides were applied on 28 June when 34% of the plants were infested with an average of 1.7 larvae per plant. Granular insecticides were applied with shaker jars. Liquid formulations were sprayed using 2.5 gal compressed CO2 sprayers at 30 gal/acre. Only infested plants were used to evaluate larval survival on 29 Jun. and 1 Jul. Damaged whorls were counted on 7 and 19 Jul. Stalk feeding counts (average number of tunnels/stalk) were made on 20 Jul. Yields were determined on 18 Oct. Soil type was Nolichucky loam with a pH of 6.3.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1983
Authors: Witkowski J.F.
Published: March 2022

Foliar treatments of registered and nonregistered insecticides for first brood corn borer control were applied to irrigated corn plots in Madison County, Neb. on 5 July. Granular insecticides were applied with a specially modified Hahn Hi-boy. Liquid insecticides were applied in 16 gal of water/acre at 2 mph at 20 lb/in2 with a specially modified back pack sprayer. Each single row plot was 100 ft. Experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications. In mid-Aug., 10 plants in each plot were dissected from tassel to ground, examined and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1983
Authors: Witkowski J. F. , Barber D. T.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were applied through two electric center-pivot irrigation systems for control of first generation European corn borer larvae in field corn. Insecticides were injected into the irrigation water by a PULSA feeder MICROFLO 680 diaphram metering pump. Water volume was ca 0.30 in. The oil tank mixed with three of the treatments was SUNOCO UN. Experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications and plot size was ca 10 acres. In early Aug., 10 plants at 5 different locations within each replicate were split in half from the tassel to the ground, examined, and the number of corn borer cavities recorded. Yields were determined by hand harvesting 0.001/acre strips at six different locations within each replicate.
Control of Carmine Spider Mite on Cotton, 1983
Authors: Tuttle D.M. , Mullis C.H.
Published: March 2022

Varous newer chemical compounds were evaluatd for the control of the carmine spider mite on cotton at the Yuma Experiment Station in 1983. Plots consisted of 25 ft of row replicated four times. Treatments made on 23 Aug. were applied with a 2-liter CO2 pressurized sprayer unit using 20 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 . Evaluations were made from 80 leaf samples per treatment (20 per plot) taken at random and examined in the laboratory with a SteroZoom microscope 3, 6, and 14 days following treatment. In all cases treatments appeared to be more efficient after 3 and 6 days with an increase at 14 days. this reflects limited residual action, partial ovicidal effectiveness, and the resurgence fo mites not killed. The most effective treatment was MK-936 at the higher rate (0.02 lb (AI)/acre). FMC54800 and UC81341 treatments provided satisfactory control. The standard. Comite, and FMC Spray Oil were not as effective as other treatments after 14 days but both of these were at a low rate. At this time of year Comite should be used at 2 pt/acre and the Spray Oil at 1% or higher. Coverage is another problem in controlling mites in that they inhabit the undersides of leaves. No phytotoxicity was observed.
Rice Water Weevil Control, 1983
Authors: Morgan D. R. , Tugwell N. P.
Published: March 2022

Rice was planted in Cowley silt loam at the Rice Res. and Ext. Cent., Stuttgart, AR. Plots for the CN 11-3877 10G preflood test were 5 by 15 ft. All other plots were 5 ft dia cm and enclosed by aluminum flashing to prevent water movement. Each test was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications and flooded 16 June. All the nongranular treatments were applied with an air powered single nozzle sprayer at rate of 58 gal/acre. Those applied with oil were mixed in Agridex with 0.2% Ortho X-77. Granular insecticides were applied by hand shaker. All plots were sampled for root-feeding larvae 7 and 8 July by taking five soil cores (9 cm dia by 7 cm deep) from the drill rows of each plot; they were processed by washing through a#40 US Standard testing sieve and floating the larvae out in brine.
Sugarcane Borer Control in Sweet Sorghum, Small Plot Insecticide Screening Test, 1983
Authors: Flynn J. L. , Ali A. D. , Reagan T. E.
Published: March 2022

A portion of a field of sweet sorghum (VAR. WRAY) located on Ladd and Melancon Farms in Henderson, La., was divided into plots each containing three rows spaced 6 ft apart by 24.2 ft (0.01 acre). Insecticide treatments for control of SCB was assigned to plots according to a completely randomized design with four replicates. Each spray concentrate was applied to the sorghum plant canopy in water at 30 lb/in2 with a knapsack sprayer that delivered 30 gal finished formulation per acre. A single application of insecticide was made on 29 Aug. at which time plant seed heads were mature. Immediately before application, infestation data were collected within the test plots by careful dissection of randomly selected plants. These counts revealed an average of 2.42 SCB larvae per plant, of which only ca. 20% had bored into stalks. One week postapplication, 12 plants selected at random from the center row of each plot were examined for the presence of live and dead SCB larvae.
Control of Small, Medium, and Large Soybean Loopers on Soybeans in Alabama, 1983
Authors: Deighan J. , Backman C. B. , Mack T. P.
Published: March 2022

This field test was conducted on soybeans planted in Cahaba sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn Univ., Tallassee, Ala. Five treatments and an untreated check were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Each 0.012 acre plot was four rows wide (40-in. row spacing) and 40 ft long. Treatments were applied on 8 Sep. with a high clearance boom sprayer equipped with three TX6 hollow-cone nozzles per row operating at 50 lb/in2 and delivering 9 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides. Larvae were identified and assigned a classification of small (instars 1 to 2), medium (instars 3 to 4), or large (instars 5 +); they were then counted and recorded. Three samples from each plot were taken 1, 4, and 7 days postspray 9, 12, and 15 Sep. At 1 day postspray, both Lorsban (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) and a tank mixture of Lorsban (0.5 lb) and Ambush (0.05 lb) effectively reduced numbers of small and medium soybean loopers. On the second sampling date (4 days postspray), the Lorsban-Ambush mixture plots and the plots treated with Orthene (0.75 lb) had fewer large soybean loopers than the untreated check. By 7 days postspray, the only treatment effective in reducing numbers of small soybean loopers was the Lorsban-Ambush mixture. The Lorsban-Ambush mixture. Scout (0.015 lb), and Lorsban (1.0 lb) all effectively reduced numbers of medium loopers, but no significant differences were detected among treatments on large loopers. Overall, the Lorsban (0.5 lb) and Ambush (0.05 lb) mixture was the most effective treatment against soybean loopers.
Foliar-Applied Insecticide Treatments on Soybean, 1983
Authors: Yanes Jaime , Boethel David J.
Published: March 2022

The experiment was conducted on ‘Davis’ soybean near St. Gabriel, Iberville Parish, La. plots, each measuring 50 ft by 8 rows (36-in. row spacing) were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Two rows were used as a buffer zone between blocks. The plots were treated on 27 Sep. when the plants were at the R6 growth stage. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer equipped with Teejet 8002 nozzles. At 30 lb/in , the sprayer delivered 15.5 gal of finished formulation/acre. Treatments were evaluated at 2, 5, 7, and 15 days posttreatment by comparing the number of threecornered alfalfa hoppers (TCAH), velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), southern green stinkbug (SGS), and banded cucumber beetles (BCB) caught in a 38 cm diameter sweep net utilizing 50 sweeps per plot. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1983
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Koziol F. S.
Published: March 2022

Flue-cured tobacco was transplanted in 16-ft (four-row) by 20-ft (12 plant) plots on 31 May. Plots were separated by one row of untreated tobacco and blocks were divided by 5-ft vacant alleys. Before treatments were applied, each plant in one row of each plot was infested with two budworms. Each plant in the second row was infested with three tobacco hornworms. Aphid numbers were estimated for four leaves (20-40 cm long) just below the bud. Insecticide treatments were applied on 16 July with a CO2-powered back-pack sprayer that was operated at 60 lb/in2 and delivered 20 gal/acre through a TX-18 tip. Two passes were made over each row. Insect counts were made on 10 plants per plot at 3, 7, and 13 days posttreatment. Leaf loss attributed to hornworm feeding was determined for 20 plants per plot 13 days posttransplant.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1983
Authors: Johnson Donn T. , Mayes Ralph L.
Published: March 2022

Efficacy of four compounds was evaluated in two tests. Each treatment was replicated three times (1 tree per replicate) in a completely randomized design. Treatments were applied on 7 Jun. (test 1) and 15 Jun. (test 2) with a five horsepower hydraulic sprayer set at 350 lb/in.2 A handgun with a No. 4 disc was used to apply 1.6 gal of spray per tree (400 gpa). The mite level in check trees remained below 70 active mites per leaf throughout the tests, a moderate mite population. In the first test, Plictran gave the longest residual activity. At 1 week posttreatment, all rates of Mavrik, Omite, and Plictran had significantly reduced densities of adult mites compared with those of the check. By 2 weeks posttreatment, only Plictran continued to show significant reduction in density of adult mites. At 1 week posttreatment, Plictran and both rates of FMC54800 significantly reduced densities of eggs and adult mites. By 2 weeks posttreatment, mite density in check trees had dropped to that of treated trees. Mite predator populations were insignificant in all trees sampled.
Sprinkler Irrigation System Applied Insecticide for Control of Cereal Aphids on Spring Wheat, 1983
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Longley F. S. , Stoltz Robert , Bishop Guy W.
Published: March 2022

Owens spring wheat was planted 10 May, in Declo silt loam soil. Plots were 80-ft diameter circles centered on sprinkler heads applying 3.37 gal/min. Aphids were allowed to invade and multiply naturally. Injection time was 10 min with a clearing time of 25 min from Rep I to Rep IV. Aphids were recorded by observing aphids per 10 tillers.
Insecticide Efficacy for Pale Western Cutworm in Winter Wheat, 1983
Authors: Weiss M. J. , Morrill Wendell L.
Published: March 2022

Experimental and registered insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against pale western cutworm in Yellowstone Co., Mont. Winter wheat was seeded in 12-in. rows in the fall of 1982. plots were 8 by 20 ft with four replications of each treatment, using a completely randomized design. Insecticides were applied on 9 May, with a backpaclc sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre at 30 Ib/in2. Treatments were evaluated on 24 May by sampling soil surrounding the middle 2 rows for 6 feet of linear row.
Apple, Comparison of Acaricides, 1983
Authors: Pfeiffer Douglas G. , Ponton Leo F. , Eldridge M. Darrell
Published: March 2022

Kelthane 4F and Plictran SOW were evaluated against mites in an apple block at Steeles Tavern. Twenty-four tree blocks were sprayed with an air-blast sprayer at a 3-fold concentration (176 gal/acre equivalent). Each block contained cultivars ‘Delicious,’ ‘Golden Delicious,’ ‘Stayman,’ and ‘York.’ Data were collected from one tree per variety from the middle row of each block, and were analyzed as a randomized complete block design. Spray dates were 25 May, 13 Jun., and 20 Jul. Mites were sampled on several dates using a leaf-brushing machine and 20 leaves per sample
Control of Pine Needle Scale on Austrian Pine, Windsor, CT. 1983
Authors: Moore R. E. B.
Published: March 2022

Four insecticides were evaluated for the control of pine needle scale at a commercial planation located on a Windsor loamy coarse sand. A vigorous herbicide program had reduced weed competition to a virtual weed-free site. Trees with an average ht of 4.5 ft were spaced at 4 ft between plants and 5 ft between rows. Granular aldicarb 10G was applied on 19 May at a rate of 10 grams of granules per tree in a single bar hole 4 to 6 in. deep at the dripline. Holes were closed with a kick of the heel. Rainfall in the test area from 19 May to 20 June was 4.08 in. Three foliar insecticides were applied on 20 Jun. when first instar scale crawlers were found active and moving about on the needles. Trees were sprayed to a thorough wetting with a Solo knapsack sprayer with a pressure of 30 lb/in2. Applications were made when the temperature was 80°F, windspeed was less than 3 mph, and skies were cloudless. Rainfall through the remainder of the test period totaled 4.25 in. The experimental design consisted of three trees per plot with a border row between plots. Each treatment was replicated five times and the test was randomized. On 10 ftug. infested needles were taken from the center tree of each test plot. From a random selection of needles from each treatment, percent mortality was obtained by counting 200 nymphs from a minimum of four needles per plot.
Control of Black Cutworm on Golf Course Greens, 1982
Authors: Bowen W. R. , Johnson J. A.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted at the Pauma Valley Golf course in San Diego County, Calif. A 22-yr-old green of seaside bentgrass established on native sand amended with redwood was used for the test plots. Plots were 6 by 6 ft squares replicated 5 times in a RCB design. Cutworm population levels were assessed by flooding each plot with water and counting the larvae as they emerged from aeration holes in the turf. All larvae were 3rd or 4th instar. Pretreatment counts were made prior to treatments on 20 Aug. Posttreatment counts were made at 1 week intervals on 27 Aug and 3 Sep. Granular formulations were applied by a hand-held shaker jar. Liquid formulations were applied in 1 gal. of water with a hand-held galvanized watering can. Applications were made in the late afternoon at an air temperature of 85°F. The water used had a pH of 6.5. All plots were thoroughly wetted after application, after which water was withheld for 28 h. The normal watering schedule of 0.3 in. per night was then reinstated.
Bermudagrass,

Hybosorus

White Grub Control, Florida, 1981
Authors: Reinert James A.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were evaluated for control of Hybosorus illiqeri, which has recently reached pest status on bermudagrass. Since ca. 1978, several golf courses in Florida have experienced severe damage on greens and fairways from this pest. Grub populations as high as 13.6/0.01 m2 on greens and 24/0.1 m on fairways have been sampled. Portions of an infested golf course fairway in Gulfstream, Palm Beach County, were divided into 3 by 3-m plots for test 1, and 2 by 5-m plots for test 2.
Control of Annual White Grubs in Kentucky Bluegrass, 1983
Authors: Kindler S. D. , Spomer S. M.
Published: March 2022

This experiment was conducted in a lawn in Lincoln, Nebr. (Lancaster Co.). Thatch accumulation was 1.5 cm and temperature at treatment time (9 Sep.) was 33.0°C. The lawn had been mechanically aerated 5 days before application of treatments. The grubs were third instar and damaged to the turf was very evident. The experimental design was a RCB with five replicates. Individual plots were 0.61 by 0.61 m. Insecticides were mixed with clay granules and hand shaken onto the plots. After all treatments were applied, the entire test was irrigated with an automatic watering system with sufficient water to wet the first 1.27 cm of soil. Rainfall during the posttreatment sampling period (9 Sep. to 22 Sep.) was measurable on 11 Sep. (0.33 cm), 14 Sep. (0.84 cm), and 19 Sep. (1.04 cm). Grub populations were sampled on 23 Sep., 13 days after treatment (DAT) by cutting a 0.305 m by 0.61 m by 5.08 cm deep strip from each plot with a mechanical sod cutter, and recording the number of live and dead grubs in the sod strip and in a 2.5 cm zone below the soil line. Percent control of each plot was transformed to arc sine before ANOVA; untransformed means are presented in the table
Chokecherry, Chemical Control of Fall Webworm, Wayne Co., Oh, 1983
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J.
Published: March 2022

Infested chokecherry 1.5 to 4.6 m tall growing along a roadside were used for evaluating efficacy of selected insecticides. A KWH backpack mistblower operating at maximum rpm was used to apply ca. 800 ml of finished spray to each of four single-tree replicates per treatment on 17 Aug. when larvae were 14 to 20 mm long. The sky was cloudy with a breeze of 8 to 16 kph and ambient temperature of 26 to 29°C. Spray was initially directed to the webs and then to surrounding foliage. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 6 and 9 days after treatment (DAT) by dismantling one web per tree and counting the number of living and dead larvae.
Chokecherry, Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Killbuck, Oh, 1982
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were evaluated for controlling eastern tent caterpillar larvae on 3 to 5-m chokecherry trees growing on a hillside. Finished sprays were applied with a CO2 compression sprayer operating at 40 lb/in with a TeeJet SS8004 flat fan nozzle. Applications were made on two dates: 10 May when conditions were 21°C (70°F) with sunny skies and winds calm; 20 May when it was 27°C (80°F) with cloudy skies and a slight breeze. Size of larvae on the two spray dates were 20 to 25 mm and 40 to 50 mm, respectively. Each treatment was applied to four, single-tree replicates that each received ca. 946 ml of finished spray. Sprays were directed first at nests and then to surrounding limbs and foliage. Five days posttreatment, nests were examined and mortality was assessed.
Control of Leafminer Larvae in Chrysanthemums, Calif., 1983
Authors: Robb K. L. , Parrella M. P.
Published: March 2022

Three insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against third-stage leafminer larvae in chrysanthemums. Standardized three-leaved potted mum plants were exposed to adult leafminer 6 days before insecticide application. The test was replicated 10 times, with one plant per replicate. Larval mine counts were made prior to pesticide treatment. The materials were applied to the plant to runoff with a 1-gal pressurized B&G sprayer, with a Spraying Systems 5003 nozzle, at 60 lb/in on 21 Sep (25°C). The mum plants were cut at the base after the materials had dried and just prior to the emergence of the larvae from the leaves. The plants were placed on a layer of sand in individual petri dishes, where the larvae were allowed to exit the leaves, drop to the sand and pupate. After pupation, the sand was sifted to collect the pupae, which were counted and held for adult emergence.