bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine Manifestations of Phospholipid Antibody Disease Identified by Long‐Term Follow‐Up Study of Patients with Phospholipid Antibodies
Authors: TRAVERSE WILLIAM , TENDLER BEATRIZ , GALEA CHARLES , LAKSHMINARAYAN SANTHANAN , PARKE ANN
Published: July 2006

Abstract:  Recurrent clinical thrombotic episodes and/or recurrent fetal wastage are the clinical features of phospholipid antibody (aPL) syndrome, which is characterized by a bland thrombosis, but is not inflammatory, as is found in other connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous reports have suggested that some patients with primary aPL syndrome may progress to develop other autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory diseases such as SLE. The aim of this study was to determine the long‐term outcome of women with aPL antibodies, with regard to progression of their underlying autoimmune disease. To that end, a retrospective study was made of women with aPL and primary aPL syndromes who had been followed at our institution for a minimum of 3 years. Charts were reviewed, patients interviewed, and laboratory tests were performed to determine whether the clinical nature of the disease and/or its autoantibody profile had changed. Thirty patients were enrolled into the study (29 with aPL syndrome, 1 with consistent aPL and no syndrome). Follow‐up ranged from 3 to 22 years. Results were as follows: The autoimmune clinical features were unchanged in 27 patients, but 3 patients developed inflammatory disease, presenting with nasal chondritis (2), cutaneous vasculitis (3), and mucosal ulcer (1). In each case, these changes occurred during pregnancy or the immediate postpartum period. One patient fulfilled criteria for SLE as seen by a change in her autoantibody profile. Another incidental finding was that three other patients were diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer, two being diagnosed during the follow‐up period. In conclusion: (1) Inflammatory disease may develop in some patients with aPL and appears to be set off by pregnancy, a known trigger for clinical thrombotic events in aPL patients. (2) Thyroid cancer may be associated with aPL, and this association warrants further study with larger number of patients.
Antitumor Effects of the Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in Medullary and Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cells in Vitro
Authors: Mitsiades Constantine S. , McMillin Douglas , Kotoula Vassiliki , Poulaki Vassiliki , McMullan Ciaran , Negri Joseph , Fanourakis Galinos , Tseleni-Balafouta Sophia , Ain Kenneth B. , Mitsiades Nicholas
Published: July 2006

Context: The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a major pathway for degradation of intracellular proteins. Proteasome inhibitors constitute a novel class of antitumor agents with preclinical and clinical evidence of activity against hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341, Velcade) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple myeloma and is being studied intensely in several other malignancies. Its mechanism of action is complex but appears to include the inhibition of inhibitory-κB degradation, which leads to inactivation of the transcriptional factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). NF-κB has been implicated in the pathophysiology of the most aggressive forms of thyroid carcinoma, i.e. medullary and anaplastic.

Objective and Methods: We evaluated the effect of bortezomib on a panel of thyroid carcinoma cell lines, originating from papillary, follicular, anaplastic, and medullary carcinomas.

Results: Bortezomib induced apoptosis in medullary and anaplastic cell lines with IC50 values well within the range of clinically achievable concentrations and much lower than respective IC50 values for other solid malignancies. Bortezomib inhibited NF-κB activity; increased p53, p21, and jun expression; and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. Sensitivity of thyroid carcinoma cells to bortezomib was partially decreased by overexpression of Bcl-2 or treatment with IGF-I, whereas the combination of bortezomib with chemotherapy (doxorubicin) was synergistic.

Conclusions: These data provide both insights into the molecular mechanisms of antitumor activity of proteasome inhibitors and the rationale for future clinical trials of bortezomib, alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, to improve patient outcome in medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas.
A SIMPLE MANOMETER FOR MEASURING LOW PRESSURES
Authors: Shirai Toshiaki
Published: July 2006

A simple all glass manometer, which can be used for measuring the pressures from 0.1 mm. to 0.001 mm. has been described. The manometer consists of a thermometer enclosed in a tube. The pressure measurement is done by measuring the time required to cool the thermometer from a given temperature to the other under a given condition. Using a thermometer of long mercury bulb and limiting the operating temperature range so narrow that the Newton’s law of cooling holds, we get the following relation:

(Remark: Graphics omitted.)

This relation was well confirmed by experiments using the air and the hydrogen.
DETERMINATION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE BY THE EFFUSION AND THE TRANSPIRATION OF GAS
Authors: Yamaguchi Yohei
Published: July 2006

Three methods have been studied for the purpose of determining high temperature by the observation of the rate of flow of gas. In the first method the temperature is determined by the effusion of gas, time necessary for the escape of a definite quantity of gas being observed. The following equation can be applied for the range from the common temperature up to about 1000°, t=a+b\sqrtT, where T is the temperature, t is the time of effusion of air which passes through a quartz opening, and a and b are constants. This method might be useful, as the apparatus employed for this purpose is very simple and the relation between time and temperature can be represented by a simple equation.

In the second method, the temperature is measured by the transpiration of gases through a quartz capillary, the time of flow being measured also in this case. In the range from common temperature up to about 1000°, the logarithms of the absolute temperature can be expressed as an equation of second order of the logarithms of the time.

In the third method, the increase of the pressure necessary to maintain a constant rate of flow was observed. In the range from the common temperature up to about 1200°, there was found a linear relation between the logarithm of pressure and that of absolute temperature.
THE MOLECULAR ASSOCIATION OF PHENOL IN BENZENE AND WATER
Authors: Endo Kwantaro
Published: July 2006

1. From the measurement of the partition coefficient of phenol between benzene and water, it has been proved that phenol is in the state of chemical equilibrium,

3C6H5OH \leftrightarrows (C6H6O)3,

while in the benzene layer at 25°C.

2. From the measurement of the freezing point of the aqueous phenol solution, it has also been proved that phenol is in the chemical equilibrium similar to the above in the aqueous solution at 0°C.

It is to be emphasized that phenol associates itself in tripple molecules and not in double molecules.
ON THE INDUCED REACTION
Authors: Horiuchi Riki
Published: July 2006

(1) The induced reaction, which was formerly limited to oxidation reaction, has been extended to reactions in general, and many examples have been given.

(2) All these induced reactions have been proved to be catalytic actions.

(3) Evidences have been given to show that among catalytic actions, positive or negative, and promotor actions, there are many instances which can be described as induced reactions.

(4) It has been shown that these induced reactions must always have two similar substances as inducer and acceptor.
PRECIPITATION OF ALUMINIUM WITH HYDROGEN AMMONIUM CARBONATE
Authors: Kozu Toshio
Published: July 2006

(1) Hydrogen ammonium carbonate prepared by saturating the solution of commercial ammonium carbonate with carbon dioxide may conveniently be used for quantitative precipitation of aluminium.

(2) The precipitate formed with hydrogen ammonium carbonate at ordinary temperature is fairly stable in a solution having the pH value of 7.6, and its composition is represented by 4Al(OH)CO3·6Al(OH)3·9H2O.

(3) The solubility of the basic carbonate in water is found to be 0.00242 g. per 1000 c.c. at 20–21°.

(4) The analytical procedure for gravimetric determination of aluminium with hydrogen ammonium carbonate is given.

(5) Several precautions which are to be taken in the analytical treatment of basic aluminium carbonate are fully described.

In conclusion the author wishes to express his warm thanks to Prof. Motooki Matsui for his kind guidance and valuable suggestions.
ON THE ARRANGEMENTS OF THE MICRO-CRYSTALS IN LEAD DEPOSITED BY ELECTROLYSIS
Authors: Hirata Hideki , Tanaka Yoshio , Komatsubara Hisaji
Published: July 2006

The arrangements of the micro-crystals in electrolytic specimens deposited from acetic acid solutions, were examined with X-rays, by the so-called “transmission method”. From the diffraction patterns obtained, it was confirmed on the one hand, that the micro-crystals of lead have a tendency to be electrolytically deposited in a fibrous way, with one of the normals to their (211) faces arranged parallel to a definite common direction, as was the case in the experiments of Frölich, Clark, and Aborn. On the other hand, the direction of the growth of deposited lead, was found to coincide roughly with any one of the [211] axes, which make an angle 0°, 33° 34′, 48° 12′, and 80° 24′ respectively with the common axis of the micro-crystals.
THE HIGHLY UNSATURATED ACIDS IN SARDINE OIL. VII. THE SEPARATION OF HIGHLY UNSATURATED C22-ACIDS
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Tsuchiya Tomotaro
Published: July 2006

A concentrated fraction of highly unsaturated acids has been separated from sardine oil by means of sodium-soap-acetone method. It was converted into methyl esters and the latter subjected to a fractional distillation which yielded a fraction consisting of the methyl esters of C22-acids. This fraction and the free fatty acids liberated from it showed iodine values which were close to those of methyl clupanodonate and clupanodonic acid respectively, but on separating the fatty acids of this fraction by a fractional precipitation of sodium soap in acetone solution, they were found to contain, in addition to clupanodonic acid, some acids of different degrees of unsaturation. After a repeated separation, clupanodonic acid has been separated in much purer state than prepared hitherto, and also a more highly unsaturated portion consisting chiefly of docosahexenoic acid C22H32O2 has been separated. There was obtained also a less unsaturated portion than clupanodonic acid; this was, however, found to be a mixture contaminated with cetoleic acid C22H42O2, though in a minor amount. Docosatetraenoic acid C22H36O2 was not separated, although this acid could not be altogether deemed to be absent.
SURFACE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES OF UNIMOLECULAR FILMS OF FATTY ACIDS
Authors: Yamaguchi Yohei , Mizuno Saburo
Published: July 2006

(1) Gas—liquid interfacial potential difference of fatty acid film was measured by using the method of ionizing air gap between the electrode and the surface of the liquid with X-ray.

(2) Various factors which affect the measurements were studied at first.

(3) Under the most favourable conditions the measurements of the surface potentials were carried out with four fatty acids, i.e. myristic, palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids.

(4) The surface potential difference attains a maximum or a saturation value at a certain definite surface concentration. This value is nearly equal for three saturated fatty acids and is about 350 mv. The value for oleic acid, however, is about 240 mv.

(5) The (surface potential)—(surface concentration)-curves were plotted and the mean vertical component of dipole moment was calculated for these fatty acids by applying Helmholtz’s formula.

(6) The break point of the curve or the saturation point of fatty acid is nearly similar for four acids, and the area occupied by a molecule at this point is about 27 sq. Å.
ON THE ABSORPTION OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE INTO VARIOUS ORGANIC LIQUIDS AND CALCULATION OF THE HEAT OF ABSORPTION. I
Authors: Hamai Senzo
Published: July 2006

(1) Absorption of hydrogen chloride into CCl4, C2H4Cl2, C2H2Cl4 (1,1, 2,2), and C2H4Br2 at 15°, 20°, and 25°C. has been studied.

(2) The heats of absorption of hydrogen chloride into these solvents were calculated.

(3) The relations between the solubility and polarity of organic liquids involved, and also the internal pressure have been discussed.

(4) The solubilities of hydrogen chloride in these liquids have been found in the order of increasing bond energies of the liquids calculated similarly as Pauling has done, and a possible explanation of it has been suggested.
SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF LUMINESCENCE AT THE CATHODE DURING ELECTROLYSIS
Authors: Uhara Iturô
Published: July 2006

If the current density at the cathode is high enough for the formation of a thin film of hydrogen in the electrolysis of the electrolyte solutions with platinum wire electrodes, considerably intense cathode luminescence takes place; and the spectra are in most cases the same as the arc spetra (sometimes spark spectra) of the elements forming cations, and further Balmer lines of H and the molecular spectra of H2 are often observed.
TETRADECENOIC AND DODECENOIC ACIDS IN SPERM OIL. II. DODECENOIC ACID IN SPERM HEAD OIL
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Tsuchiya Tomotaro
Published: July 2006

Dodecenoic acid C12H22O2 has been isolated from sperm head oil, and methyl dihydroxylaurate C13H26O4 prepared from it has been subjected to permanganate oxidation in acetone. On examining the oxidation products the constitution of dodecenoic acid has been proved to be CH3·(CH2)5·CH=CH·(CH2)3·COOH. It is thus seen that dodecenoic acid in sperm head oil is identical with denticetic acid (Δ5:6-dodecenoic acid) in sperm blubber oil described in the preceding paper.
ORGANIC SALTS CONTAINING IRON AND CALCIUM
Authors: Harada Taichi
Published: July 2006

One molecular proportion of calcium lactate appears to react with one molecular proportion of ferric citrate in aqueous solution, producing a salt-like substance having the formula, FeCaC9H11O11, according to the following reaction:

Fe(C6H5O7)+Ca(C3H5O3)2+H2O=Fe(C6H5O7)Ca(OH)C3H5O3+C3H6O3.
THE ELECTROLYTIC FORMATION OF PERSULPHATE. PART I
Authors: Matsuda Ryoichi
Published: July 2006

1. Sulphuric acid and ammonium sulphate solutions were electrolysed in order to see the influences of the current density and OH′-concentration.

2. Influence of various cations, H., K., NH4., Na., Li.., Mg.., Zn..., FE..., Al..., Cu.., and Cd.., was studied and some were explained to have connexion with persulphate formation.

3. A new suggestion was made that OH′ plays an important rôle in persulphate formation, and this suggestion will clearly explain the results of the present investigation which may otherwise be obscure.
ON THE COMPOSITION OF RAPE SEED OIL
Authors: Yamasaki Riichiro , Ichihara Kentaro
Published: July 2006

The composition of rape seed oil was determined and the contents of the fatty acids were calculated from the chemical numbers of the original oil and each fraction: behenic acid 0.8%, erucic acid 55%, oleic acid 14%, linolic acid 24%, linolenic acid 2%, and palmitic acid 3.5%. Myristic, palmitoleic, and stearic acids, however, could not be found
A NEW BACTERIOXANTHOPHYLL, THE YELLOW PIGMENT OF SARCINA LUTEA
Authors: Nakamura Teruko
Published: July 2006

The yellow pigment of Sarcina lutea was examined. It is a lipochromic substance with absorption maxima at 490,460,and 433 mμ in carbon bisulphide apparently distinct from well known xanthophylls, the constitution of which had not been identified. Saponification showed the substance to be chiefly a xanthophyll-like ester. The work is being continued.
ON THE FORMATION OF SYMMETRICAL DIBENZO-CYCLO-DOCOSANE-DIONE
Authors: Uenaka Mioji , Kubota Bennosuke
Published: July 2006

The synthesis of an eleven-membered carbon ring attached to the ortho-position of benzene was attempted. The dry distillation of the thorium salt of o-phenylene-divaleric acid resulted in the formation of a twenty-two-membered diketone ring. Several new compounds incidental to the synthesis are reported.
THE HIGHLY UNSATURATED ALCOHOLS IN SPERM BLUBBER OIL
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Akiyama Goroku
Published: July 2006

The high boiling fraction of the unsaponifiable matter of sperm blubber oil was brominated in ethereal solution, and the ether insoluble bromide was separated and then debrominated to regenerate the highly unsaturated alcohols. These were converted into acetates, and the latter were fractionated. An examination of the resulting fractions showed that the highly unsaturated alcohols of sperm blubber oil contained two individual alcohols C20H34O and C22H36O as chief components.
STUDIES ON THE RAMAN EFFECT OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES. VII. RAMAN EFFECT OF FURANE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Han Kwan
Published: July 2006

(1) The Raman spectra of the following substances have been measured: α-furfuryl methyl ether, α-furfuryl ethyl ether, α-furfuryl-acetone, α-furyl-ethylene, α-furyl cyanide, 2,5-dimethyl-furane, 2-methyl-furyl cyanide-(5) and ethyl 2-methyl-furoate-(3).

(2) The characteristic frequencies of the α-furfuryl-radical are confirmed. The difference of the Raman spectra of the mono-and di-derivatives of furane is established.

(3) The constitutive influences exerted on the Raman frequencies in the region between Δν 1400 and 1600 cm.−1 are observed.

(4) The Raman lines at 1642 and 1292 cm.−1 in α-furyl-ethylene are associated with the structure of R–CH:CH2, and those at 183, 570, and 2233 cm.−1 in α-furyl cyanide with the structure of R–C≡N, when R is taken as furyl radical.
DIHYDROXYSTEARIC ACID IN CASTOR OIL
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Ishikawa Tokuzo
Published: July 2006

A dihydroxystearic acid, which is contained as a minor component in the fatty acids of castor oil, has been separated and proved to be identical with d-9,10-dihydroxystearie acid.
THE HIGHLY UNSATURATED ACIDS IN SARDINE OIL. XII. A FURTHER EXPERIMENT ON THE SEPARATION OF OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID C18H30O2
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Tsuchiya Tomotaro
Published: July 2006

After having found in a previous study that sardine oil contains an octadecatrienoic acid as a minor constituent of highly unsaturated C18-acids, we have attempted in the present experiment to separate the octadecatrienoic acid starting with a large amount of sardine oil. The results of the present experiment seem to indicate that the octadecatrienoic acid giving an etherinsoluble bromide is contained only in far lesser proportion than presumed before.
STUDIES ON THE OILINESS OF LIQUIDS. II. FRICTION COEFFICIENTS OF THE FILMS OF MONO-AND POLY-MOLECULAR LAYERS
Authors: Akamatu Hideo , Sameshima Jitsusaburo
Published: July 2006

(1) The static friction coefficients have been measured when the monomolecular films of some fatty acids, etc. are deposited on glass surface.

(2) The static friction coefficients have been measured on palmitic acid and oleic acid, when the film thickness increase from one to several molecular layers.

(3) The friction coefficient of the monomolecular film is about one tenth of that of the clean glass surface. The value shows no further reduction by the increase of the thickness of film.

(4) Regular arrangement of oil molecules in the film gives lower friction coefficient than the irregular one.
The Formation of l-Threose
Authors: Iwadare Koichi , Fukunaga Shozo , Kubota Bennosuke
Published: July 2006

(1) l-Threose diacetamide has been obtained by the Wohl’s method of degrading sugars from l-xylose which was prepared from d-sorbitol by Vargha’s method.

(2) It has been found that this l-threose diacetamide melts at 164–165° (corr.) and has a specific dextrorotation of +10.8° in water. These properties are in good harmony with R. Hockett’s value and sign, and do not agree with those of Deulofeu.

(3) This l-threose diacetamide has been submitted to hydrolysis with 1/3 N and 1/10 N sulphuric acid respectively. From these experiments the equilibrium specific rotation of l-threose in dilute sulphuric acid was determined to be +13.1°. It has a little higher value (about 0.6°) compared with Hockett’s d-isomer, but it is now clear that the pure l-threose expected by Hockett has been obtained.
Studies on the Raman Effect of Organic Substances. VIII. Raman Effect of Furane Derivatives
Authors: Matsuno Kichimatsu , Han Kwan
Published: July 2006

(1) The Raman spectra of methyl and ethyl esters of α-furfuracrylic acid, cinnamic acid, α-furylpropionic acid, and hydrocinnamic acid have been measured.

(2) On comparing the Raman spectra of α-furfuracrylates with those of trans-cinnamates and other cinnamic compounds, the so-called stable furfuracrylates are considered as the trans-esters.
Measurement of Circular Dichroism in the Ultra-Violet Regions. I
Authors: Tsuchida Ryutaro
Published: July 2006

1. An accurate method of measuring circular dichroism has been proposed.

2. The general equation for the measurement has been worked out.

(Remark: Graphics omitted.)

3. The range of applicability was discussed for the approximate equation,

(Remark: Graphics omitted.)

In order to make use of this equation with permissible errors less than 0.01, 0.1, and 1%, the following conditions should be complied with:

|(εr−εl)cd|<0.04 for 0.01% ,

|(εr−εl)cd|<0.15 for 0.1% ,

and |(εr−εl)cd|<0.50 for 1% .

4. The light absorption, the rotatory dispersion, and the circular dichroism in the visible and the ultra-violet regions were measured for ammonium α-bromocamphor-π-sulphonate.
The Paramagnetic Isomerisation of Maleic Acid into Fumaric Acid in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Tamamushi Bunichi , Akiyama Hajime
Published: July 2006

It has been demonstrated that the isomerisation of maleic acid into fumaric acid in aqueous solution is accerelated by the presence of molecular oxygen, platinum black, palladium black, and various paramagnetic ions, where the isomerisation being probably effectuated by the non-homogeneous magnetic fields of the catalysts in the collision.

The isomerisation of maleic acid to fumaric acid in aqueous solution has been kinetically studied both in the presence of paramagnetic oxygen molecules and in the presence of diamagnetic nitrogen molecules, and the energy of activation of the reaction has been calculated. The lower energy of activation in the reaction with oxygen accounts for the catalytic action of the oxygen molecules.
The Electrolytic Formation of Persulphate. Part IV. Influence of Temperature
Authors: Matsuda Ryoichi , Konya Hideo , Nishimori Teruichi
Published: July 2006

(1) 7 n ammonium sulphate solution and 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 36 n sulphuric acid are electrolysed without diaphragm. 10 n sulphuric acid is also electrolysed with diaphragm. Current efficiency is observed for various current densities and temperatures, the latter being 5°, 15°, and 25°C.

(2) The mechanism of the anodic formation of persulphuric acid is discussed from the relation between the temperature and current efficiency, and the fresh results of electrolyses described in this paper can be accounted for by the view that persulphuric acid is formed by the oxidation of sulphuric acid with the anodic oxygen which was proposed in Part I, and confirmed in Part II of this investigation.

(3) An interesting similarity is noticed which exists between the electrolysis of 15 n sulphuric acid made at various temperatures and that of the same made with various OH′-ion concentrations.
Studies on the Unsaturated Lower Fatty Acids. On the Crystalline Derivatives of the Unsaturated Lower Fatty Acids
Authors: Komori Saburo , Ueno Sei-ichi
Published: July 2006

(1) It is recognized that the tetradecenoic acid of “Tohaku” oil is tsuzuic acid.

(2) The authors have prepared pure obtusilic, linderic, and tetra-decenoic acids from the “Tohaku” oil, and have determined their physical properties and the melting points of their crystalline derivatives.
Condensation of Diethyl Tartrate with Cyclic Ketones and the Molecular Rotation of the Resulting Compounds
Authors: Tsuzuki Yojiro
Published: July 2006

(1) It has been shown that the condensation of diethyl tartrate with cyclic ketones can be effected with great ease by the use of phosphorus pentoxide as condensation reagent.

(2) New products obtained by condensing diethyl tartrate with cyclic ketones, namely cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and three isomeric methylcyclohexanones, have been described, and their physical constants have been compared in a table.

(3) The molecular rotation of these homologous compounds decreases as the parachor of the ketone-residue in the condensation product increases, but the influence by the position of the substituent is noticed: the substitution of a methyl group at ortho-position is the most effective, and that of meta-position is nearly ineffective.
On the Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide by Colloidal Platinum-carbonyl
Authors: Sano Isamu
Published: July 2006

(1) The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by colloidal platinum-carbonyl as well as colloidal platinum obtainabe from it was examined.

(2) In the former case, the reaction proceeds as unimolecular after it passed through an induction period, while in the latter case, it deviates apprecialy from unimolecular throughout the course of the reaction concerned.

(3) Some considerations were made on these facts.
Studes on the Oiliness of Liquids. VI. Measurements of the Kinetic Friction Coefficients by the Method of Sliding Velocity
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka
Published: July 2006

(1) Measurements of the kinetic friction coefficient have been made to study the oiliness of liquids. The method consists of the observation of the sliding velocity of a slider on an inclined surface lubricated with the liquid to be tested. Special apparatus has been constructed to measure the sliding velocity.

(2) It is confirmed that the kinetic friction coefficient is generally independent of the velocity over the range of the experiment (up to about 100 cm./sec.), and the following equation holds.

(Remark: Graphics omitted.)

where v is the mean velocity of the slider on the surface of the inclination θ. The above equation lacks the viscosity term, so the conditons of the boundary lubrication are considered to be satisfied.

(3) The kinetic friction coefficients of glycerin, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, acetic acid, and water have been measured.
The Heat of Formation and the Specific Heat of Silicon Nitride
Authors: Satoh Shun-ichi
Published: July 2006

As the specific heat of silicon nitride has not yet been determined, the mean specific heat of silicon nitride was measured by the ice calorimeter over three temperature intervals: 0–99.5, 0–316.4, and 0–585°C., and the equation of the true specific heat was obtained which holds good over the above temperature ranges:

C=0.1656+1.847×10^-4t-4.5×10^-8t^2.

By using this value, the heat of formation of silicon nitride was computed from the dissociation pressure of silicon nitride at high temperatures. The result obtained is as follows:

3Si+2N_2=Si_3N_4+163,000.

The relationship between the heats of formation of nitrides of the elements belonging to the second series of the periodic table and their atomic numbers is discussed.
On the Relation between the Configuration of Metallic Complex Salts and their Absorption Spectra. II. cis-Trinitro-triammtine-cobalt
Authors: Sueda Hideo
Published: July 2006

cis-[Co(NH3)3(NO2)3] was prepared and its absorption band proved as being identical with that expected from author’s assumption given in the first paper.
On the Nature of Foam. I. Stability of the Foam Produced by the Aqueous Solutions of Alcohols and Acids
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka
Published: July 2006

(1) An apparatus for the measurement of the stability of foam has been described and the stability is measured by the height of the foam produced by the air current of a constant velocity.

(2) The relation between the velocity of the air current v and the height H of the foam produced was examined and the equation S·v=H−a has been obtained, in which S is the stability of foam and a a constant. The value a is negligible compared with H under the conditions of the present experiments.

(3) The measurements of the stabilities were carried out for the aqueous solutions of alcohols and fatty acids, from which several conclu？ions have been obtained.
The Thixotropic and Plastic Behaviour of Suspensions of Barium Sulphate with Clay
Authors: Tamamushi Bunichi , Sekiguchi Yaichi
Published: July 2006

(1) Non-thixotropic suspensions of BaSO4 become thixotropic on adding certain amounts of a sodium-clay formed from a natural hydrogenclay.

(2) The plasticity of the suspensions of BaSO4 increases when the sodium-clay is added.

(3) The correlation among thixotropy, loose packing of particles (large volume of sedimentation), and isothermal plasticity, which is now generally accepted, is evident also in systems under investigation.

(4) A characteristic influence of the particle size of BaSO4 on thixotropy and plasticity of the systems is mentioned.
On the Nature of Foam. II. The Foam Formation of Ternary System, Acetic Acid–Ethyl Ether–Water
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka
Published: July 2006

(1) The foam formation of the liquid ternary system of acetic acid–ethyl ether–Water was measured by means of a shaking apparatus which was properly constructed for this purpose.

(2) The life time of foam produced and the height of foam zone have been measured.

(3) The diagrams were made between the degree of foam formation and the composition, and several conclusions were obtained on the foam formation of the mixture belonging to homogeneous and heterogeneous regions of the above ternary system.
On the Catalytic Decomposition of Oxalic Acid by Colloidal Platinum-carbonyl
Authors: Sano Isamu
Published: July 2006

(1) The decomposition of aqueous solutions of oxalic acid (0.10, 0.05, 0.025 N) due to oxidation accelerated by colloidal platinum-carbonyl of red colour as well as colloidal platinum of black colour obtainable from it was, in the presence of oxygen and diffused day-light, studied during a period extending several hundred hours at 25.0 °C. and thirty hours at 50.0 °C.

(2) In the case where the red sol is added as catalyst, the reaction proceeds as unimolecular after it passed through an induction period and subsequently a transition period, while in the case where the black sol is added, it proceeds as the above after a transition period, no induction period presenting itself.

(3) The more dilute the acid solution, the more stable is the sol throughout the course of the experiment and consequently, the larger is the velocity constant.

(4) The mechanism of the reaction was discussed on these facts.
The Effect of the Silent Electrical Discharge on the Synthesis of Monochloroacetic Acid
Authors: Isomura Yutaka
Published: July 2006

(1) Silent electrical discharge is very effective to produce monochloroacetic acid from acetic acid and chlorine by using red phosphorus as catalyser, and it increases 15-100% of the yield of monochloroacetic acid compared with the formerly obtained results. The yield of 62.8% in four hours running is one of the best record that is attained in the experiment using red phosphorus (10%) as catalyser. A new equation (E) is proposed to clear up several questions involved in the formerly believed equation (A).

(2) The reaction between acetic acid and chlorine was carried out under the influence of the silent electrical discharge, using iodine, red phosphorus, and phosphorus pentachloride as catalyser. The reaction is expressed by the equation (A). The yields of 79.2% in the reaction for three hours discharge and 80.0%, for four hours discharge, are far better than the yield of 66% reported by Bruckner. This is chiefly due to the effect of the new modified catalyser and of the silent electrical discharge.
Chemical Studies of the Western Pacific Ocean. I. The Chemical Composition of the Oceanic Salt. Part 1
Authors: Miyake Yasuo
Published: July 2006

(1) The major constituents of sea water from the Western Pacific Ocean near Japan have been quantitatively determined. The analytical results are as follows: the difference in the compositions between the world’s average and the Western Pacific is very small, except that the values of sodium and potassium are a little lower, while those of chloride and magnesium are but slightly higher, in the latter than in the former.

(2) It is quite noteworthy that there is an astonishing agreement between the analytical results of the west and the northeast side of the Pacific Ocean.

(3) A new indicator has been used for the determination of chlorinity; that is a mixed solution of fluorescein and starch. The superiority of this indicator has been briefly discussed.

In conclusion, the author wishes to express his hearty thanks to Prof. T. Okada, Director of the Central Meteorological Observatory of Japan, for his kind guidance and the permission of publishing this report. He is also indebted to Mr. H. Matui for his earnest assistance throughout this work.
The Occurrence of Germanium in the Hot Springs of Senami
Authors: Kuroda Kazuo
Published: July 2006

A method for the arc spectrographic detection and estimation of germanium was described.

The germanium content of the hot springs of Senami was estimated.
The Occurrence of Beryllium in the Hot Springs of Matunoyama
Authors: Kuroda Kazuo
Published: July 2006

A method for the arc spectrographic detection and estimation of beryllium was described.

The beryllium content of the hot springs of Matunoyama was estimated.
Chemical Studies of the Western Pacific Ocean. V. The Vertical Variation of Minor Constituents in the “Kurosio” Region. Part 1
Authors: Miyake Yasuo
Published: July 2006

(1) The vertical variations of chlorinity, temperature, the oxygen content and the hydrogen ion concentration in the region of the “Kurosio” (the Japan-Current) were investigated.

(2) From the result above, the vertical structure of the “Kurosio” was discussed.

In conclusion, the author wishes to express his hearty thanks to Professor T. Okada, Director of the Central Meteorological Observatory of Japan, for his kind guidance and the permission of publishing this report. He is also indebted to Mr. H. Matui for the assistance of the work.
Chemical Studies of the Western Pacific Ocean. VI. The Vertical Variation of Minor Constituents of the “Kurosio” Region. Part 2
Authors: Miyake Yasuo
Published: July 2006

The vertical variation of silicate, phosphate, borate, copper and fluoride in the region of the “Kurosio” were studied.
The Photochemical Dehydrogenation of 7-Dehydrocholestene
Authors: Tominaga Akira
Published: July 2006

7-Dehydrocholestene was exposed to sunlight with eosin in alcohol–benzene solution in the absence of oxygen. A product analogous to ergopinacone from ergosterol was obtained. Thus it was demonstrated that the carbon atom 3 or any group attached there does not take part in the photochemical dehydrogenation of ergosterol and its analogues.
Studies on the Organic Molecular Compounds. Part II. The Influence of Nitro Radicals and Second Substitution Radicals on the Formation of the Aromatic–Nitroaromatic Molecular Compounds. II
Authors: Shinomiya Chiro
Published: July 2006

The molecular compounds of various nitrobenenes with naphthylamines, naphthols, and naphthalene were systematically compared and the compound formations discussed by means of solid—liquid phase diagrams.
Lead Content of the Hot Springs of Japan
Authors: Kuroda Kazuo
Published: July 2006

(1) The lead content of a number of hot springs in Japan was estimated by the dithizone method and the dithizone-polarographic method.

(2) The lead content of sea water was estimated.
On the Catalytic Decomposition of Oxalic Acid by Colloidal Platinum
Authors: Sano Isamu
Published: July 2006

(1) The decomposition of aqueous solutions of oxalic acid (0.10, 0.05 and 0.025 n) due to oxidation accelerated by colloidal platinum obtained through the process of dialysis of colloidal platinum-carbonyl was investigated, in the presence of oxygen and diffused day-light, during a period extending over thirty hours at 50.0°C.

(2) It appears that the greater part of the course of reaction proceeds in accordance with the formula for the type of zero order after it passed incipiently through a short period of transition and the rate of reaction is scarcely influenced by the concentration of reacting solution.

(3) It was definitely shown that the reaction should be retarded if the supply of oxygen is cut off.

(4) The above results were explained in conformity with the mechanism of reaction previously proposed.
The Occurrence of Gallium in the Hot Springs of Japan
Authors: Kuroda Kazuo
Published: July 2006

(1) An arc spectrographic detection and estimation of gallium was studied.

(2) The gallium content of a number of hot springs of Japan was estimated.
Studies on the Organic Molecular Compounds. Part V. On the Formation of Some Crystalline Organic Molecular Compounds
Authors: Shinomiya Chiro
Published: July 2006

Compound-formation in the crystalline state was found to be most closely related to the configuration, especially, to the molecular shape of the two components. Molecular compounds of different types were distinguished by the mode of compound-formation, such as the type of phase diagrams, “melting point elevation”, and halochromism.
Molecular Structures of Fluorobenzene and o-Difluorobenzene by Electron Diffraction
Authors: Oosaka Hazime
Published: July 2006

The molecular structures of fluorobenzene and o-difluorobenezene have been investigated by the electron diffraction method. The C-F distances in these molecules have been determined as 1.34±0.04 Å and 1.35±0.03 Å, respectively. These distances are shorter than expected from the covalent radii of Pauling and Huggins. This shortening has been discussed in terms of resonance among several valence-bond structures. The dipole moment of halogen-substituted benzenes has been considered in relation to the carbon-halogen distances and the double bond character of the linkage.
Polymerisation of Tung Oil. II. Gelation of Tung Oil by Catalytic Action of Iodine
Authors: Tatimori Monzi
Published: July 2006

(1) The gelation times of tung oil catalysed by iodine in various organic solvents were measured.

(2) The relation between gelation time t, concentration of tung oil x and amount of iodine z is expressed by the formula

logt=ax+b/zx.

(3) In the solution having violet tint, iodine has a strong gelation accelerating action, but in the yellowish brown solution the accelerating action of iodine is very weak.

(4) Organic acids and nitrobenzene are exceptions of the above fact (3) and in spite of yellowish brown tint, have strong gelation accelerating action.

(5) In the iodine solutions of mixed solvents the gelation time increases with the increase of yellowish tint.

(6) Difference in catalytic action of iodine solutions is considered to be due to the difference of molecular state of iodine in the solution. Generally solvated solution of iodine has poor catalytic action.

(7) Generally iodine in the solvent having high dielectric constant shows strong gelation accelerating action.
The Addition of Hydrogen Bromide to Cholesteryl Bromide and the Oxygen Effect
Authors: Urushibara Yoshiyuki , Nambu Keiiti , Ando Toshio
Published: July 2006

Hydrogen bromide was added to cholesteryl bromide in carbon tetrachloride. In the presence of catechol or ferric chloride a hydrobromide melting at 101.5° was obtained. Addition in ethereal solution gave the same product. Simultaneous action of oxygen yielded another hydrobromide melting at 154° and a substance with the composition of a dibromide of cholesteryl bromide. The direction of addition of hydrogen bromide is assumed to follow the examples of additions to simpler ethenoid compounds. The properties and the transformations of the hydrobromides are described. The both hydrobromides lose hydrogen bromide more or less easily.
On the Metallo-organic Compounds IX. Tris-trimethyltin oxonium halide, ((CH3)3Sn)3OX
Authors: Harada Taichi
Published: July 2006

Tris-trimethyltin-oxonium halide ((CH3)3Sn)3OX has been prepared by the direct treatment (or in a dry solvent, for example, dry petroleum ether) of ((CH3)3Sn)2O with (CH3)3SnX according to the equation: ((CH3)3Sn)2O+Sn(CH3)3X=((CH3)3Sn)3OX.
Optical Activity and Chemical Structure in Tartaric Acid. X. Influence of Substituent and Solvent Effect
Authors: Tsuzuki Yojiro
Published: July 2006

By comparing the molecular rotation of some bridged derivatives of tartaric acid, (Remark: Graphics omitted.) obtained by condensing aliphatic aldehydes with ethyl d-tartrate, it has been found that the laevo-rotation of the compounds diminishes with increasing bulk (parachor) of R, that is, R affects the positive partial rotation.

It has been shown that the molecular rotation of these compounds is greater than the isomer, (Remark: Graphics omitted.) obtained by the condensation of ketone with ethyl d-tartrate. This phenomenon is to be explained by the idea of vicinal effect of the radicals R1 and R2.

It has been shown that the sequence of solvents arranged in order of the effect on the rotation of these compounds is

Benzene>alcohol>cyclohexane.

and that it is related with the refractive index together with the association of the liquid.
Properties of Mercury Oxide as an Active Material of Positive Electrode in Alkaline Storage Cell
Authors: Kinoshita Kyôji
Published: July 2006

(1) Mercury oxide (both red and yellow) can be used into the electrode plate of the alkaline accumulator in the pasted form by mixing silver oxide.

(2) Its discharge characteristic curve varies in two stages, the first stage being caused by the discharge of silver oxide and the terminal voltage of about 0.95 volt, and the second stage being caused by mercury oxide.

(3) Mercury oxide seems to be a considerably poor substance in the electrical conductivity and the mixing of silver oxide raises its electrical conductivity.
The Separation of Iso- and Normal Butyl Alcohols from Hydrocarbons by Azeotropic Distillation
Authors: Negishi Ryoji , Isobe Chiharu
Published: July 2006

A new method has been devised, employing the principle of azootropic distillation, to separate iso- and normal butyl alcohols from hydrocarbons.

This method has been applied to the binary systems of iso- and normal alcohols with toluene. It has also been tried with the mixtures of the alcohols and gasoline. The individual components have been separated, and it has been shown that this method is accurate within 5% when the amount of the component to be separated is about 5 c.c.; 3% when it is 10 c.c; and about 1% or less for the amount larger than 15 c.c.
Polymerisation of Tung Oil. VII. Effects of Various Inorganic Substances upon the Gelation of Tung Oil
Authors: Tatimori Monzi
Published: July 2006

(1) As inorganic reagent besides sulphur and selenium, 16 kinds of elements, 28 of halides, 18 of nitrates, 23 of sulphates, 17 of oxides and 29 of other miscellaneous substances were used. Many of the halides have strong gelation accelerating actions and magnesium compounds have strong gelation retarding actions.

Metallic sodium acts gelation accelerating and manganese, compounds which are used as oxidation catalysers in paint industry, act as gelation retarding catalysers. Generally speaking acidic substances have gelation accelerating and basic substances have gelation retarding action.

(2) Gelation retarding power of S and Se are very strong and the gelation time of tung oil becomes infinitely long when added with 0.05% of regents. At the same concentration the gelation retarding action of Se is stronger than that of S.

(3) The relation between the logarithm of gelation time and the amount of S added is linear. These results can be applied also to the systems of mixture of tung oil and soya bean oil.

(4) S, Se and I2 have isomerisation action upon tung oil at room temperature when irradiated by ultraviolet light.

(5) The gelation time of tung oil increases with the lapse of time from addition of S, so there is an intimate connection between the isomerisation and the gelation retarding action.
Physico-chemical Investigations on Catalytic Mechanism. IV. On the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Hydrocarbons (Experimental Series I)
Authors: Hamai Senzo , Hayashi Shiro , Shimamura Kiyoshi , Igarashi Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

(1) The experimental apparatus and the experimental procedures were described for the investigations on the Fischer—Tropsch reaction with special references to its catalytic mechanism.

(2) The durability of the catalyst used was discussed in connection with the investigation of catalytic activity as to its liquid hydrocarbons synthesis.

(3) Some properties of the reaction products were tabulated.

(4) Some consideration of CH4 formation in connection with our proposed mechanism werw presented and correlated with the experimental results.
Hydrogenation and Polymerisation Reactions of Acetylene. I. The Reaction in Liquid Phase and the Effect of High Tension Discharge
Authors: Kimura Osamu
Published: July 2006

(1) Some theoretical considerations with regard to the hydrogenation and polymerisation of acetylene have been made.

(2) The reaction has been studied in liquid phase with such catalysts as nickel, cobalt, palladium, and copper.

(3) The effect of high tension discharge has been studied with and without catalyst.

(4) It has been found that high tension discharge not only accelerates the reaction, but also changes the nature of the reaction.
Studies on Nickel and Cobalt in Mineral Springs. I. Nickel Content of Acid Vitriol Springs in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki
Published: July 2006

The determination method for nickel in mineral springs and some applications of it have been described. The method of extracting nickel was taken from Sandell’s report, which is based on the extraction of nickel dimethylglyoxime from ammoniacal citrate solution using chloroform. For the purpose of obtaining an accurate determination, some improvements were made on Rollet’s method; as the concentration of ammonium hydroxide in the final solution was made higher, the reproducibility was increased, and therefore, Pulfrich photometer could be employed instead of Duboscq colorimeter. The mean error of the determinations did not exceed ±2 per cent.

Some fifteen samples of acid vitriol springs were analysed in connection with nickel and a few other elements. The richest in nickel was Wakesui, Okayama Prefecture, with the richest total residue and iron content. The percentage of nickel in the total residue ranged from 0.00026 to 0.0087%, and the average is 0.0024%, showing a far higher value against either Clarke number for nickel or the percentage of the mean nickel content of igneous rocks, while the ratio Ni/Fe of the present analyses covers the range from 0.67×10−4 to 8.59×10−4, the average of which is 2.68×10−4, far less than either 2.02×10−3 of Clarke number or 5.81×10−3 of igneous rocks.

Finally, details on some springs, —Wakesui, Okayama Prefecture, Aoki, Yamanasi Prefecture, and Kinkei, Totigi Prefecture—have been related. The distribution of nickel between the ocherous ferric hydroxide precipitated from the water of Kinkei and its filtrate has been represented and the answer to the question whether the deposit of ferric hydroxide from waters of. the kind accompanies nickel or not, suggested.
On the Hydrogenation and Polymerisation Reaction of Acetylene. IV. Kinetics of Polymerisation by Use of Thermal Separation Column. II
Authors: Kimura Osamu , Hirota Kozo
Published: July 2006

(1) A method for calculating both reaction velocity and activation energy in the case when the reaction has been carried out in the thermal separation column of Clusius and Dickel has been described.

(2) The method has been applied to the polymerisation reaction of acetylene previously investigated by the present authors.

(3) It has been found that the calculated heat of activation is slightly smaller than our preliminary value, but larger than the directly observed value by Taylor and van Hook, and that the calculated velocity constants are several times larger than those hitherto have been observed.