bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequence architecture and depositional evolution of the late Palaeogene in southwestern slope of Lufeng Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin: Responses to tectonic processes and base‐level changes
Authors: Xia Shiqiang , Li Xin , Deng Jimei , Luo Donghong , Shu Liangfeng , Wang Shuzhi , Wu Peng , Peng Kai , Zhang Xiangyang , Ji Xinyuan , Liu Huaming
Published: April 2019

The southwestern slope of Lufeng Depression, which is located in the central part of Zhu I Depression is a significant geomorphic unit due to its petroliferous discoveries and tectonic evolutions since early Palaeogene. Based on the comprehensive analysis of cores, wireline logs, seismic volumes, and other related geological and geophysical information, the sequence architecture and depositional evolution was analysed, and their responses to regional tectonic processes and base‐level changes were revealed. The results indicated that two second‐order sequences and six third‐order sequences defined by different types of sequence boundaries are recognized. The second‐order and third‐order sequences were bounded by regional erosional unconformities on the depression margin or slope and unconformities in the central depression with the assist of stacking patterns of wireline logs and depositional characteristics of cores. The second‐order sequence generally consists of two regional transgressive–regressive cycles which can be further subdivided into several local sub‐cycles equivalent to corresponding third‐order sequences which can be identified from wireline logs and cores. The palaeogeomorphology resulted from compound and complex tectonic events in the early Palaeogene plays an important and main role in controlling sequence architecture. In contrast, the base‐level changes largely controls the sequence architecture in the late Palaeogene. The depositional systems within the sequence stratigraphic framework are mainly composed of braided delta deposits and shore deposits, which respectively includes braided channel, subaqueous distributary channel, lacustrine shale, beach bar, maximum flooding surface, shoreface, and foreshore. The base‐level changes, which apparently originated from tectonic uplift and subsidence and sediment supply, controlled the regional transgressions and regressions in sedimentary facies distributions. The development of subsequence (what we call it sand units or sections) from 2,980 to 2,880 in Enping Formation in the Early Palaeogene is obviously influenced by a decrease in tectonic subsidence (rifting stage) and an increase in accommodation space (base‐level rising), while the case is opposite in subsequence 2,850 of Enping Formation. However, the subsequence in Zhuhai Formation in the late Palaeogene from 2,760 to 2,600 was formed in stable tectonic settings (transition stage), and thereby, it was mainly dominated by base‐level changes which were caused by sediment supply and accommodation space changes.
How does birth weight affect health and human capital? A short‐ and long‐term evaluation
Authors: Baguet Marie , Dumas Christelle
Published: April 2019

In utero shocks have been shown to have long‐lasting consequences. However, we hardly know whether these effects tend to fade out over time and whether they can be compensated by post‐natal investments. This paper examines the effect of birth endowment over time by employing a long panel of individuals born in 1983 in Cebu (Philippines) that includes relevant information on the pregnancy. We build a refined health endowment measure netted out from prenatal investments. We find that initial endowments affect trajectories both through the human capital production function and subsequent parental investment. The effect of birth endowment remains until adulthood and the fading out is very limited for health outcomes but more pronounced for educational outcomes. We also find that parents tend to reinforce initial health endowments, but the effect of this behaviour has almost no effect on final outcomes.
Identification of novel diagnostic markers for sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma
Authors: Takahashi Yoko , Gleber‐Netto Frederico O. , Bell Diana , Roberts Dianna , Xie Tong‐Xin , Abdelmeguid Ahmed S. , Pickering Curtis , Myers Jeffrey N. , Hanna Ehab Y.
Published: April 2019

Background

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a rare, highly aggressive cancer. It is often difficult to determine whether SNUC is a distinct pathologic entity with poorly differentiated neuroendocrine features or it represents an undifferentiated tumor of squamous lineage. Also, reliable histopathologic markers that distinguish SNUC from poorly differentiated sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) are lacking. Therefore, identification of new diagnostic molecular markers for SNUC is needed.

Methods

Treatment‐naïve tumor specimens obtained from 15 SNUC and 6 SNSCC patients were used. Gene expression analysis was performed using an oncology panel.

Results

An unsupervised cluster analysis divided the patients into the one with only SNUCs and the one with mainly SNSCCs. Of 132 differentially expressed genes, 7 genes completely distinguished SNUCs from SNSCCs. SNUCs were enriched in sets of genes related to DNA repair, synthesis/replication, and cell division.

Conclusions

Our study identified new diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for SNUC.
Exploring Crystal Structure in Ethyne‐Substituted Pentacenes, and Their Elaboration into Crystalline Dehydro[18]annulenes
Authors: Bruzek Matthew J. , Holland Emma K. , Hailey Anna K. , Parkin Sean R. , Loo Yueh‐Lin , Anthony John E.
Published: April 2019

Approaches to control the self‐assembly of aromatic structures to enhance intermolecular electronic coupling are the key to the development of new electronic and photonic materials. Acenes in particular have proven simple to functionalize to induce strong π‐stacking interactions, although finer control of intermolecular π‐overlap has proven more difficult to accomplish. In this report, we describe how very weak hydrogen bonding interactions can exert profound impact on solid‐state order in solubilized pentacenes, inducing self‐assembly in either head‐to‐tail motifs with strong 2‐D π‐stacking, or head‐to‐head orientations with much weaker, 1‐D π‐stacking arrangements. In order to achieve 3‐D π‐stacking useful for photovoltaic applications, we elaborated a series of diethynyl pentacenes to their trimeric dehydro[18]annulene forms. These large, strongly interacting structures did indeed behave as acceptors in polymer photovoltaic devices.
Relationship between vulvar symptoms and incidence of vulvar cancer in women referred to a rapid access clinic
Authors: Wiggans Alison , Coleridge Sarah , Bryant Andrew , Morrison Jo
Published: April 2019

Objective

We performed a study to estimate incidence of vulvar cancer in women with vulvar symptoms (irritation, pain, bleeding +/− presence of lesion) referred to a secondary care, rapid‐access clinic.

Methods

Prospective data collection of all direct referrals from a primary to a secondary care gynecological oncology clinic from 2011 to 2016, for women with suspicious vulvar symptoms.

Results

32/393 (8.1%) women had vulvar cancer, and 24/393 (6.1%) had a premalignant lesion. Multivariate logistic regression showed that women referred without a specific lesion had considerably lower odds of a diagnosis of vulvar cancer than those with a lesion (OR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.03–0.49). In total, 30/234 (12.8%) women with a vulvar lesion (mass or ulcer), had vulvar cancer, compared with 2/159 (1.3%) of those referred without a lesion (these patients had vulvar irritation and bleeding but had a visible lesion on examination). None of the 140 women with irritation alone, in the absence of a visible lesion or bleeding, had pre‐invasive disease or cancer.

Conclusion

Presence of a vulvar lesion, especially if painful/bleeding, has a high positive predictive value for vulvar cancer and 12.8% of women presenting with any vulvar lesion to secondary care had cancer.
Granisetron reduces the need for uterotonics but not sympathomimetics during cesarean delivery
Authors: Raimann Florian J. , Baldauf Henrica P. , Louwen Frank , Jennewein Lukas , Fischer Dania , Zacharowski Kai , Weber Christian F.
Published: April 2019

Objective

To assess the effect of a 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐3 receptor antagonist (granisetron) on the use of sympathomimetic (cafedrine/theodrenaline) and uterotonic (oxytocin) agents after spinal anesthesia during cesarean delivery.

Methods

A retrospective observational analysis was conducted using intraoperative records (n=240) created at a single hospital in Germany between November 1, 2016, and July 31, 2017. The granisetron group (n=120) had received 3 mg of granisetron immediately before induction of spinal anesthesia. The control group (n=120) had not received granisetron. The primary endpoints were the intraoperative requirements for sympathomimetic and uterotonic agents. The secondary endpoints were parameters of intraprocedural maternal hemodynamic and clinical states.

Results

More patients in the granisetron group than in the control group received intraoperative cafedrine/theodrenaline (P=0.045), with the cumulative intraoperative dosage also increased in the granisetron group (P=0.016). By contrast, the cumulative intraoperative dose of oxytocin was lower in the granisetron group than in the control group (P<0.001). Decreases in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were lower in the granisetron group versus the control group (P=0.015 and P=0.002, respectively).

Conclusion

Treatment with granisetron immediately before cesarean delivery did not reduce the perioperative requirement for sympathomimetics but did reduce the need for uterotonics.

Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03318536)
Multiple angiomyolipomas mimicking metastases of concurrent clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Narimatsu Takahiro , Shin Toshitaka , Shibuya Tadamasa , Inoue Toru , Hirai Kenichi , Ando Tadasuke , Sato Fuminori , Daa Tsutomu , Mimata Hiromitsu
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Concurrence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and angiomyolipoma is quite rare. We report a case of large localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma with concurrent multiple angiomyolipomas mimicking lymph node metastases.

Case presentation

A 60‐year‐old woman presented with general malaise, weight loss, and intermittent fever. Computed tomography scan demonstrated an 8‐cm mass in the left kidney, enlarged para‐aortic lymph nodes, and small renal nodules adjacent to the main tumor. She was diagnosed preoperatively as having clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cT3a) with multiple para‐aortic lymph node metastases, and underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and dissection of the para‐aortic lymph nodes. Pathologically, the main tumor was diagnosed as clear cell renal cell carcinoma. By contrast, both the para‐aortic lymph nodes and nodules were diagnosed as lipid‐poor angiomyolipomas.

Conclusion

With the expanding first‐line use of molecular targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, nephrectomy may be avoided by overdiagnosis. Upfront nephrectomy can avoid overdiagnosis and undertreatment of nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma.
The Home Visit Rating Scales: Revised, restructured, and revalidated
Authors: Roggman Lori A. , Cook Gina A. , Innocenti Mark S. , Jump Norman Vonda K. , Boyce Lisa K. , Olson Tasha L. , Christiansen Katie , Peterson Carla A.
Published: April 2019

The Home Visit Rating Scales (HOVRS) were initially developed from field‐based descriptions of successful home visits and are supported by home‐visiting research in multiple disciplines. Four home‐visiting practices scales include indicators of relationship building with families, responsiveness to family strengths, facilitation of parent–child interaction, and collaboration with parents. Three family engagement scales include indicators of parent–child interaction, parent engagement, and child engagement in the visit. The original version, the HOVRS‐1, was validated using video and data from two Early Head Start home‐visiting programs. Conceptual and structural changes for the HOVRS‐3 were designed to improve readability, usability, and clarity. Newly trained observers used the HOVRS‐3 to observe archived videos from the original measurement sample. The HOVRS‐3 showed good interrater reliability, scale internal consistency, convergent validity, predictive validity, practical significance, and version stability. When the HOVRS‐3 home‐visit quality scores were higher, it was twice as likely for parenting scores to be average or better and for child language to be at age level or better at age 3 years, over and above parenting and child language at age 1 year. The HOVRS can guide observations of home‐visit quality in infant–toddler and early childhood programs to improve home‐visiting practices and family engagement.
To be or not to be modified: Miscellaneous aspects influencing nucleotide modifications in tRNAs
Authors: Barraud Pierre , Tisné Carine
Published: April 2019

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are essential components of the cellular protein synthesis machineries, but are also implicated in many roles outside translation. To become functional, tRNAs, initially transcribed as longer precursor tRNAs, undergo a tightly controlled biogenesis process comprising the maturation of their extremities, removal of intronic sequences if present, addition of the 3′‐CCA amino‐acid accepting sequence, and aminoacylation. In addition, the most impressive feature of tRNA biogenesis consists in the incorporation of a large number of posttranscriptional chemical modifications along its sequence. The chemical nature of these modifications is highly diverse, with more than hundred different modifications identified in tRNAs to date. All functions of tRNAs in cells are controlled and modulated by modifications, making the understanding of the mechanisms that determine and influence nucleotide modifications in tRNAs an essential point in tRNA biology. This review describes the different aspects that determine whether a certain position in a tRNA molecule is modified or not. We describe how sequence and structural determinants, as well as the presence of prior modifications control modification processes. We also describe how environmental factors and cellular stresses influence the level and/or the nature of certain modifications introduced in tRNAs, and report situations where these dynamic modulations of tRNA modification levels are regulated by active demodification processes. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(8):1126–1140, 2019
Nanosized carbon black exposure induces neural injury: effects on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Jiang Lei , Wang Tingwei , Xue Jing , Yu Pengfei , Zhang Jinsong , Wang Jun
Published: April 2019

Carbon black in ambient air is believed to be the cause of many diseases; however, its potential neural toxicity and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study is to evaluate the toxic effects of carbon black nanoparticles, Printex 90, on the neural cell line PC‐12. The study revealed that Printex 90 treatment significantly decreased cell viability, accompanied by an enormous increase in reactive oxygen species generation and a decrease in ATP. Additionally, NOX2 and NOX4, 4‐hydroxynonenal, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker proteins (IRE‐1α, ATF‐6, GRP78, PERK and the downstream target protein CHOP) and antioxidative enzymes (glutathione and superoxide dismutase) were evaluated. It showed that Printex 90 significantly upregulated 4‐hydroxynonenal, NOX2 and NOX4 expression, and the levels, or activity, of glutathione and superoxide dismutase, were markedly reduced. For the ER stress‐associated proteins, Printex 90 induced a significant increase of IRE‐1α, ATF‐6, GRP78, p‐PERK and CHOP expression. Collectively, these results demonstrate that NOX and ER stress are involved in Printex 90‐mediated neural damage. Therefore, decreased ER stress and NOX‐derived reactive oxygen species generation may provide compensatory protective effects and attenuate Printex 90‐induced neural injury.
High‐resolution imaging of fluorescent whole mouse brains using stabilised organic media (sDISCO)
Authors: Hahn Christian , Becker Klaus , Saghafi Saiedeh , Pende Marko , Avdibašić Alma , Foroughipour Massih , Heinz Daniel E. , Wotjak Carsten T. , Dodt Hans‐Ulrich
Published: April 2019

Optical tissue clearing using dibenzyl ether (DBE) or BABB (1 part benzyl alcohol and 2 parts benzyl benzoate) is easy in application and allows deep‐tissue imaging of a wide range of specimens. However, in both substances, optical clearing and storage times of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)‐expressing specimens are limited due to the continuous formation of peroxides and aldehydes, which severely quench fluorescence. Stabilisation of purified DBE or BABB by addition of the antioxidant propyl gallate efficiently preserves fluorescence signals in EGFP‐expressing samples for more than a year. This enables longer clearing times and improved tissue transparency with higher fluorescence signal intensity. The here introduced clearing protocol termed stabilised DISCO allows to image spines in a whole mouse brain and to detect faint changes in the activity‐dependent expression pattern of tdTomato.
Toward a comprehensive understanding of textiles functionalized with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Syafiuddin Achmad
Published: April 2019

This article provides a comprehensive understanding of development of textiles functionalized with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). There are three established methods to fabricate textiles functionalized with AgNPs, namely, solution‐immersion, layer‐by‐layer deposition, and sonochemical. In addition, several textile types such as cotton, wool, polyester, silk, cotton/polyester blend, polyamide, and regenerated cellulose have been used for the fabrication. The AgNP deposition mechanism on textiles is mainly due to electrostatic interaction between AgNPs and textile constituents. It was exhibited that the deposition of AgNPs on textiles can transform their textiles colors. In addition, it was demonstrated that the deposition of AgNPs on textiles is not permanent, particularly against washing treatment. Textiles modified with AgNPs have several promising applications such as antibacterial, antifungal, catalyst, electronic devices, water treatment, sun protection, air treatment, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, which are comprehensively discussed in this article. Future challenges in fabricating textiles functionalized with AgNPs remain on how this can be carried out to improve long‐term stabilization of AgNPs on textiles to achieve their permanent deposition by employing greener approaches.
RETRACTED: Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of electromagnetic fields and coenzyme Q10 on hippocampal injury in mouse
Authors: Soleimani Mansoureh , Golab Fereshteh , Alizadeh Akram , Rigi Sara , Samani Zeinab Nazarian , Vahabzadeh Gelareh , Peirovi Tahmineh , Sarbishegi Maryam , Katebi Majid , Azedi Fereshteh
Published: April 2019

Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are reported to interfere with chemical reactions involving free radical production. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a strong antioxidant with some neuroprotective activities. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the neuroprotective effects of EMF and CoQ10 in a mouse model of hippocampal injury. Hippocampal injury was induced in mature female mice (25–30 g), using an intraperitoneal injection of trimethyltin hydroxide (TMT; 2.5 mg/kg). The experimental groups were exposed to EMF at a frequency of 50 Hz and intensity of 5.9 mT for 7 hr daily over 1 week or treated with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks following TMT injection. A Morris water maze apparatus was used to assess learning and spatial memory. Nissl staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) tests were also performed for the histopathological analysis of the hippocampus. Antiapoptotic genes were studied, using the Western blot technique. The water maze test showed memory improvement following treatment with CoQ10 and coadministration of CoQ10 + EMF. The Nissl staining and TUNEL tests indicated a decline in necrotic and apoptotic cell count following treatment with CoQ10 and coadministration of CoQ10 + EMF. The Western blot study indicated the upregulation of antiapoptotic genes in treatment with CoQ10, as well as coadministration. Also, treatment with EMF had no significant effects on reducing damage induced by TMT in the hippocampus. According to the results, EMF had no significant neuroprotective effects in comparison with CoQ10 on hippocampal injury in mice. Nevertheless, coadministration of EMF and CoQ10 could improve the neuroprotective effects of CoQ10.
miR‐548c‐5p inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation by targeting PGK1
Authors: Ge Jianxin , Li Jun , Na Su , Wang Pingping , Zhao Guifeng , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: April 2019

Accumulating studies have implicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of miR‐548c‐5p, a novel identified miRNA in malignancies, in colorectal carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of miR‐548c‐5p in CRC by a sequence of cellular experiments. miR‐548c‐5p was significantly downregulated, whereas phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), a key enzyme for glycolysis, was obviously upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cancer tissues from patients with CRC. Besides, miR‐548c‐5p and PGK1 were negatively associated with each other. The luciferase reporter assay revealed that PGK1 was a targeted gene of miR‐548c‐5p. Moreover, the proliferation and generation of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐6) were significantly inhibited in miR‐548c‐5p‐overexpressed SW480 CRC cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Accordingly, miR‐548c‐5p may serve as a cancer suppressor in CRC by targeting PGK1.
Autophagy in pulmonary hypertension: Emerging roles and therapeutic implications
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Fang , Zhao Fang‐Yun , Xu Shuang‐Lan , Liu Jie , Xing Xi‐Qian , Yang Jiao
Published: April 2019

Autophagy is an important mechanism for cellular self‐digestion and basal homeostasis. This gene‐ and modulator‐regulated pathway is conserved in cells. Recently, several studies have shown that autophagic dysfunction is associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the relationship between autophagy and PH remains controversial. In this review, we mainly introduce the effects of autophagy‐related genes and some regulatory molecules on PH and the relationship between autophagy and PH under the conditions of hypoxia, monocrotaline injection, thromboembolic stress, oxidative stress, and other drugs and toxins. The effects of other autophagy‐related drugs, such as chloroquine, 3‐methyladenine, rapamycin, and other potential therapeutic drugs and targets, in PH are also described.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Novel Benzoxazinones and Benzoxathiinones
Authors: Gholami Hamid Reza , Asghari Sakineh , Mohseni Mojtaba
Published: April 2019

In this work, the new benzoxazinones and benzoxathiinones were synthesized from reaction of alkyl X‐phenylpropiolates and aminophenol (or 2‐mercaptophenol) in the presence of triphenylphosphine. Their antibacterial activities were studied against Gram‐positive bacteria and Gram‐negative bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The obtained results showed that these compounds are more effective against Gram‐positive bacteria than against Gram‐negative bacteria. Also, evaluation of antioxidant activity of the obtained products showed that they have high to excellent antioxidant activity (79.2–93.6%).
Calcineurin inhibitors reduce NFAT-dependent expression of antifungal pentraxin-3 by human monocytes
Authors: Bendíčková Kamila , Tidu Federico , De Zuani Marco , Kohoutková Marcela Hortová , Andrejčinová Ivana , Pompeiano Antonio , Bělášková Silvie , Forte Giancarlo , Zelante Teresa , Frič Jan
Published: April 2019

Calcineurin (CN) inhibitors are effective clinical immunosuppressants but leave patients vulnerable to potentially fatal fungal infections. This study tested the hypothesis that CN inhibition interferes with antifungal immune defenses mediated by monocytes. We showed that NFAT is expressed by human monocytes, and is activated by exposure to fungal ligands. We confirmed that NFAT translocation potently activated target gene transcription using a human monocytic reporter cell line. Inhibition of CN-NFAT by cyclosporine A significantly reduced monocyte production of TNF-α, IL-10, and MCP-1 proteins in response to pattern recognition receptor ligands as well as to Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. Moreover, we revealed that human monocytes express the antifungal protein pentraxin-3 under control of NFAT. In conclusion, clinical CN inhibitors have the potential to interfere with the novel NFAT-dependent pentraxin-3 pathway as well as antifungal cytokine production in human monocytes, thereby impeding monocyte-mediated defenses against fungal infection in immune-suppressed patients.
Whole‐body MRI for preventive health screening: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Kwee Robert M. , Kwee Thomas C.
Published: April 2019

Background

The yield of whole‐body MRI for preventive health screening is currently not completely clear.

Purpose

To systematically review the prevalence of whole‐body MRI findings in asymptomatic subjects.

Study Type

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Subjects

MEDLINE and Embase were searched for original studies reporting whole‐body MRI findings in asymptomatic adults without known disease, syndrome, or genetic mutation. Twelve studies, comprising 5373 asymptomatic subjects, were included.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5T or 3.0T, whole‐body MRI.

Assessment

The whole‐body MRI literature findings were extracted and reviewed by two radiologists in consensus for designation as either critical or indeterminate incidental finding.

Statistical Tests

Data were pooled using a random effects model on the assumption that most subjects had ≤1 critical or indeterminate incidental finding. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 statistic.

Results

Pooled prevalences of critical and indeterminate incidental findings together and separately were 32.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.3%, 50.1%), 13.4% (95% CI: 9.0%, 19.5%), and 13.9% (95% CI: 5.4%, 31.3%), respectively. There was substantial between‐study heterogeneity (I2 = 95.6–99.1). Pooled prevalence of critical and indeterminate incidental findings together was significantly higher in studies that included (cardio)vascular and/or colon MRI compared with studies that did not (49.7% [95% CI, 26.7%, 72.9%] vs. 23.0% [95% CI, 5.5%, 60.3%], P < 0.001). Pooled proportion of reported verified critical and indeterminate incidental findings was 12.6% (95% CI: 3.2%, 38.8%). Six studies reported false‐positive findings, yielding a pooled proportion of 16.0% (95% CI: 1.9%, 65.8%). None of the included studies reported long‐term (>5‐year) verification of negative findings. Only one study reported false‐negative findings, with a proportion of 2.0%.

Data Conclusion

Prevalence of critical and indeterminate incidental whole‐body MRI findings in asymptomatic subjects is overall substantial and with variability dependent to some degree on the protocol. Verification data are lacking. The proportion of false‐positive findings appears to be substantial.

Level of Evidence: 4

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1489–1503.
Reduced nitrogen supply enhances the cellular antioxidant potential of phenolic extracts through alteration of the phenolic composition in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Zhou Weiwei , Liang Xin , Zhang Yimo , Li Kejie , Jin Bingjie , Lu Lingli , Jin Chongwei , Lin Xianyong
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

Nitrogen availability is an important environmental factor that determines the production of phenolic compounds in vegetables, but the relationship between low nitrogen‐induced alterations of phenolic compounds in vegetable crops and the cellular antioxidant activities of these compounds remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of reduced nitrogen supply (0.05 mmol L−1 nitrate) on phenolic metabolism in lettuce and the protective role of phenolic extracts against H2O2‐induced oxidative stress in Caco‐2 cells by determining cell damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and antioxidant enzyme activities.

RESULTS

Reduced nitrogen supply significantly improved the accumulation of phenolic compounds in lettuce, which was partially correlated with the upregulation of genes related to the phenolic synthesis pathway. Phenolic extracts from lettuce cultivated in low‐nitrogen medium exhibited a better protective effect against H2O2‐induced oxidative damage in Caco‐2 cells than those from lettuce cultivated with adequate nitrogen. These extracts act by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and, subsequently, by inhibiting ROS overproduction, which leads to a decrease in mitochondrial membrane and DNA damage. The results of HPLC and correlation analyses implied that the improvement in the protective capacity of lettuce extracts after low‐nitrogen treatment may be related, not only to the increased content of phenolic compounds, but also to the increased percentage contribution of chlorogenic acid and quercetin derivatives to the total phenolic content.

CONCLUSION

Reduction in nitrogen supply can be a powerful strategy to modify phenolic metabolism and composition in lettuce and, consequently, to improve their antioxidant capacity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of curcumin on healing in an animal nasal septal perforation model
Authors: Çakan Doğan , Aydın Sedat , Demir Gökhan , Başak Kayhan
Published: April 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

We investigated the effect of intranasal topical curcumin on nasal septum mucosa wound healing in a nasal septal perforation model produced in rabbits.

Study Design

Experimental study.

Methods

Fourteen male New Zealand rabbits were included in the study. For each rabbit, 5‐mm‐diameter circular perforations were created at 5 mm away from the columella to the nasal septum. Curcumin (study group) and saline (control group) were administered intranasally once daily for 10 days. At the end of the 10th day, the animals were sacrificed and the nasal septum specimens were sent for histological examination. Epithelial regeneration and degeneration, cartilage degeneration and regeneration, presences of fibroblast, eosinophil, acute/chronic inflammatory and giant cells, capillary density, amounts of granulation tissue and collagen, and macroscopic closure rate of perforation parameters were compared in each group.

Results

Epithelial and cartilage regeneration, and the amounts of collagen and granulation tissue were significantly higher in the curcumin group compared to the control group (P < .05). No statistically significant difference was found in comparison of other parameters (P > .05).

Conclusions

Topical application of curcumin improves the wound‐healing process of nasal septum perforation in the animal model. Therefore, curcumin can be used as a safe and effective medical agent to prevent the development of septal perforation.

Level of Evidence

NA

Laryngoscope, 129:E349–E354, 2019
Suitability evaluation of large‐scale farmland transfer on the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi, China
Authors: Zhou Xue , Chen Wei , Wang Yanan , Zhang Daojun , Wang Qian , Zhao Minjuan , Xia Xianli
Published: April 2019

Evaluating the regional agricultural resource endowment is an important basis for the use and management of farmland. Large‐scale farmland transfer is regarded as the prerequisite for the development of modern agriculture or scaled‐up agriculture production. However, few studies have considered the suitability evaluation of large‐scale farmland transfer in severely degraded and ecologically fragile areas. In this study, the suitability of the comprehensive quality and landscape connectivity for large‐scale farmland transfer (LFT) in Zichang County was explored. The results showed that the quality of farmland in the east and midwest was generally higher than that in other areas. High‐connectivity and moderate‐connectivity farmland were scattered along the valley pain of the Xiuyan River. Based on the evaluation results, three suitable land use types for LFT were classified. Approximately 53% (14,210 ha) of farmland distributed in eastern and midwestern Zichang County were classified as suitable for large‐scale arable land transfer; 39% (10,261 ha) concentrated in the northwestern gully zones were suitable for large‐scale garden land transfer; and 8% (1993 ha) mainly located in the north‐central and southwestern parts were unsuitable for LFT. The results are helpful for identifying suitable land use types for LFT, thus promoting rational and efficient land use.
Seasonal and vertical dynamics in the trophic structure of a temperate zooplankton assemblage
Authors: Romero‐Romero Sonia , González‐Gil Ricardo , Cáceres Carlos , Acuña José Luis
Published: April 2019

We determined the stable nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N values) and body size of taxonomic groups in a zooplankton community in the Cantabrian Sea (southern Bay of Biscay) to explore seasonal and depth (0–2000 m) variations in the size‐based trophic structure and their coupling to the production cycle. The positive linear relationship between δ15N values and log‐transformed body size reflects the dominance of new vs. regenerated production. The slope of the relationship (b) is high during productive periods and low when herbivory declines and the food web is more dependent on recycled production. This variation can be attributed to high δ15N values of the smallest plankton after repetitive cycles of microbial degradation. Downward transport of organic matter after the spring phytoplankton bloom was captured by a steady variation from low values of b at the surface to high values at the bathypelagic zone, where the imprint of the spring production pulse could be detected. Variation in b reveals that the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zooplankton communities are as dynamic as their epipelagic counterparts. This shows the efficiency of δ15N vs. body size relationships to capture fast, transient ecosystem processes without need for lengthy incubations or complex rate measurements.
Copepod respiration increases by 7% per °C increase in temperature: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Heine Kyle B. , Abebe Ash , Wilson Alan E. , Hood Wendy R.
Published: April 2019

Exponential increase in respiration rate with increasing temperature in poikilotherms is well documented, however, the rate of change varies greatly across copepod taxa. Studies often report magnitude of change, but the rate of change in respiration across multiple temperatures is equivocal. We used 32 studies spanning 78 yrs of research and 50 copepod species (three orders) to quantify percent change in respiration rates per one‐unit change in temperature. We found that copepod respiration rates increased by approximately 7% per °C increase in water temperature across the orders Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Harpacticoida. Neither food availability nor scaling respiration to copepod dry weight affected the rate of change of respiration rates. Studies using Winkler titration to measure oxygen consumption produced significantly larger percent changes in respiration, whereas newer methods such as fiber optics produced smaller effects. These results have far reaching implications for understanding how copepod respiration responds to increasing water temperatures.
Designing a program evaluation for a medical‐dental service for adults with autism and intellectual disabilities using the RE‐AIM framework
Authors: Lai Jonathan , Klag Malvina , Shikako‐Thomas Keiko
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Robust evaluation of service models can improve the quality and efficiency of care while articulating the models for potential replication. Even though it is an essential part of learning health systems, evaluations that benchmark and sustain models serving adults with developmental disabilities are lacking, impeding pilot programs from becoming official care pathways. Here, we describe the development of a program evaluation for a specialized medical‐dental community clinic serving adults with autism and intellectual disabilities in Montreal, Canada.

Method

Using a Participatory Action‐oriented approach, researchers and staff co‐designed an evaluation for a primary care service for this population. We performed an evaluability assessment to identify the processes and outcomes that were feasible to capture and elicited perspectives at both clinical and health system levels. The RE‐AIM framework was used to categorize and select tools to capture data elements that would inform practice at the clinic.

Results

We detail the process of conceptualizing the evaluation framework and operationalizing the domains using a mixed‐methods approach. Our experience demonstrated (1) the utility of a comprehensive framework that captures contextual factors in addition to clinical outcomes, (2) the need for validated measures that are not cumbersome for everyday practice, (3) the importance of understanding the functional needs of the organization and building a sustainable data infrastructure that addresses those needs, and (4) the need to commit to an evolving, “living” evaluation in a dynamic health system.

Conclusions

Evaluation employing rigorous patient‐centered and systems‐relevant metrics can help organizations effectively implement and continuously improve service models. Using an established framework and a collaborative approach provides an important blueprint for a program evaluation in a learning health system. This work provides insight into the process of integrating care for vulnerable populations with chronic conditions in health care systems and integrated knowledge generation processes between research and health systems.
Novel, Printable Energetic Polymers
Authors: Sevilia Sagi , Yong Matthew , Grinstein Dan , Gottlieb Levi , Eichen Yoav
Published: April 2019

Novel, simple‐to‐make energetic mono‐ and bisvinylimidazolium perchlorate monomers are prepared and characterized. These energetic monomers offer the possibility to 3D print energetic polymers that may allow decreasing the content of the energetic filler in energetic devices without compromising their energetic properties. The new printable materials are suited for photocuring‐based additive manufacturing (AM), techniques, offering not only a large degree of control over the mechanical and energetic properties of the resulting solids, but also the production of complex geometries at high resolution.
Rheological Characterization of Biomaterials Directs Additive Manufacturing of Strontium‐Substituted Bioactive Glass/Polycaprolactone Microfibers
Authors: Paxton Naomi C. , Ren Jiongyu , Ainsworth Madison J. , Solanki Anu K. , Jones Julian R. , Allenby Mark C. , Stevens Molly M. , Woodruff Maria A.
Published: April 2019

Additive manufacturing via melt electrowriting (MEW) can create ordered microfiber scaffolds relevant for bone tissue engineering; however, there remain limitations in the adoption of new printing materials, especially in MEW of biomaterials. For example, while promising composite formulations of polycaprolactone with strontium‐substituted bioactive glass have been processed into large or disordered fibres, from what is known, biologically‐relevant concentrations (>10 wt%) have never been printed into ordered microfibers using MEW. In this study, rheological characterization is used in combination with a predictive mathematical model to optimize biomaterial formulations and MEW conditions required to extrude various PCL and PCL/SrBG biomaterials to create ordered scaffolds. Previously, MEW printing of PCL/SrBG composites with 33 wt% glass required unachievable extrusion pressures. The composite formulation is modified using an evaporable solvent to reduce viscosity 100‐fold to fall within the predicted MEW pressure, temperature, and voltage tolerances, which enabled printing. This study reports the first fabrication of reproducible, ordered high‐content bioactive glass microfiber scaffolds by applying predictive modeling.
Trochanteric area reconstruction with free flap using perforators as recipients: An alternative and effective option
Authors: Kim Jun Hyeok , Kwon Hyo Jeong , Moon Suk‐Ho , Oh Deuk Young , Jun Young‐Joon , Rhie Jong Won
Published: April 2019

Background

Reconstructing soft tissue defect on the trochanteric area is challenging. Due to the significant complications associated with regional flap, free tissue transfer is an appropriate option. However, this area has poor recipient vessels. Therefore, we present perforators as suitable recipient vessels to facilitate the use of free flap coverage for the successful reconstruction of defects in the trochanteric area.

Patients and methods

From 2013 to 2017, 10 patients underwent free flap reconstruction for soft tissue defects of the trochanteric area. After preoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging images confirmed the enhanced perforating artery, the skin site was identified by Doppler. If the vessel was confirmed as reliable, the operation was performed in the same manner as for other free flaps.

Results

All of the flaps survived, and the perforators selected for surgery included four superficial circumflex iliac artery perforators, four tensor fasciae latae artery perforators, and two inferior gluteal artery perforators. The average diameter of the recipient artery was 0.97 mm and that of the vein was 0.94 mm. One case exhibited arterial insufficiency caused by compression of hematoma; however, complete flap survival was achieved in this case with revised surgery.

Conclusion

Reconstructing soft tissue defects in the trochanteric area is limited in recipient vessels. However, using a perforator vessel as a recipient facilitates the reconstruction by free flap coverage. This method leads to acceptable flap survival and sufficient padding, with reduced morbidity and collateral injury.
Periodic boundary value problems for higher‐order fractional differential systems
Authors: Fečkan Michal , Marynets Kateryna , Wang JinRong
Published: April 2019

Approximation of solutions of fractional differential systems (FDS) of higher orders is studied for periodic boundary value problem (PBVP). We propose a numerical‐analytic technique to construct a sequence of functions convergent to the limit function, which is a solution of the given PBVP, if the corresponding determined equation has a root. We also study scalar fractional differential equations (FDE) with asymptotically constant nonlinearities leading to Landesman‐Lazer–type conditions.
So bleibt die Gesichtscreme schimmelfrei
Authors: Osterath Brigitte
Published: April 2019

Konservierungsmittel haben einen schlechten Ruf – oft zu unrecht. Aber tatsächlich hat die EU vor kurzem einige Substanzen aufgrund von Gesundheitsgefahren verboten.
Reaktionen und Synthesen – aber lieber keine Theorie
Authors: Weininger Stephen
Published: April 2019

Warum tat sich die physikalische organische Chemie so lange schwer in Deutschland? Ein Grund dürfte die weite Verbreitung des „Lehrbuchs der organischen Chemie“ von Hans Beyer gewesen sein.
Wettbewerb: Autonomes Fahren mit Chemie
Authors: Blicker Luca
Published: April 2019

Beim Chemcar‐Wettbewerb 2018 in Aachen traten selbstgebaute Fahrzeuge gegeneinander an. Teams von Hochschulen aus dem In‐ und Ausland nutzten chemische Reaktionen, um ihre Wagen anzutreiben und nach einer bestimmten Strecke anzuhalten.
Der Solarpionier
Authors: Leusmann Eliza
Published: April 2019

Die Geschichte der Farbstoffsolarzellen wäre anders verlaufen, hätte Michael Grätzel sich an das gehalten, was ihm geraten wurde.
Handelsblatt Jahrestagung Chemie 2019
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: April 2019

Industrieexperten diskutieren Markttrends und neue Geschäftsmodelle.
Neue lichtaktivierte Wirkstoffe
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: April 2019

Schon jetzt therapieren Ärzte photodynamisch. Dabei aktiviert Licht im Körper einen Wirkstoff, der Singulett‐Sauerstoff erzeugen kann. Eine neue Variante der Lichttherapie, die photoaktivierte Chemotherapie, soll in Zukunft lichtempfindliche metallorganische Komplexe nutzen und Wirkmechanismen erschließen, die ohne Sauerstoff funktionieren.
Autonomic dysregulation at multiple sites is implicated in age‐associated underactive bladder in female mice
Authors: de Oliveira Mariana Gonçalves , Alexandre Eduardo Costa , Bonilla‐Becerra Sandra Milena , Bertollotto Gabriela Maria , Justo Alberto Fernando Oliveira , Mónica Fabiola Zakia , Antunes Edson
Published: April 2019

Aims

To evaluate the functional and molecular alterations of contractile and relaxant machinery in the bladder and urethra that lead to the underactive bladder (UAB) in old female mice.

Methods

Female young (3‐months) and old (18‐months) C57BL/6 mice were used. Urodynamic was assessed in awake and anaesthetized mice. Electrical‐field stimulation (EFS) and concentration‐response curves to contractile and relaxing agents in isolated bladders and urethras were performed. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of muscarinic, adrenergic, and transient receptor potential vanilloid‐4 (TRPV4), and of the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were determined. Bladder cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were measured.

Results

Cystometry in old mice showed incapacity to produce bladder emptying. On filter paper, old mice showed reduced urinary spots. Compared to the young group, bladder contractions induced by EFS and carbachol were lower in old mice. The β3‐adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron promoted higher bladder relaxation and elevation of cAMP levels in old mice. In old mice urethras, the α1a‐adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine produced higher contractions, but no differences were found for the NO donor sodium nitroprusside‐induced relaxations. In old mice, increased mRNA expressions of β3‐ and α1a‐adrenoceptors in bladder and urethra were found, respectively, whereas the muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors and β2‐adrenoceptors did not change between groups. Reduced mRNA expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase and nNOS were found in old mouse urethras. Additionally, TRPV4 expression was reduced in bladder urothelium from old mice.

Conclusion

Age‐associated mouse UAB is the result of autonomic dysfunction at multiple levels leading to the less sensitive and overrelaxed bladder, along with urethral hypercontractility.
A flow handover protocol to support state migration in softwarized networks
Authors: Peuster Manuel , Küttner Hannes , Karl Holger
Published: April 2019

Softwarized networks are the key enabler for elastic, on‐demand service deployments of virtualized network functions. They allow to dynamically steer traffic through the network when new network functions are instantiated, or old ones are terminated. These scenarios become in particular challenging when stateful functions are involved, necessitating state management solutions to migrate state between the functions. The problem with existing solutions is that they typically embrace state migration and flow rerouting jointly, imposing a huge set of requirements on the on‐boarded virtualized network functions (VNFs), eg, solution‐specific state management interfaces.

To change this, we introduce the seamless handover protocol (SHarP). An easy‐to‐use, loss‐less, and order‐preserving flow rerouting mechanism that is not fixed to a single state management approach. Using SHarP, VNF vendors are empowered to implement or use the state management solution of their choice. SHarP supports these solutions with additional information when flows are migrated. In this paper, we present SHarP's design, its open source prototype implementation, and show how SHarP significantly reduces the buffer usage at a central (SDN) controller, which is a typical bottleneck in state‐of‐the‐art solutions. Our experiments show that SHarP uses a constant amount of controller buffer, irrespective of the time taken to migrate the VNF state.