bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECOLOGIZATION OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION AS A FACTOR OF ENSURING OPENNESS OF THE CITY IN CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   State Organization “V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of NAS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tarasevych O.V. , Zhylinska L.O. ,   State Organization “V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of NAS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

In modern conditions, an adequate philosophy and culture of environmental policy is needed, which should be based on a holistic and balanced strategy for the use of natural resources and environmental protection. The use of open data on the official websites of Ukrainian cities makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of environmental policy and environmental measures, as well as to strengthen public control over compliance with environmental legislation. The article considers the ecological indicators of the level of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere of Ukraine and its regions. It is estimated that the main regions that pollute the air of Ukraine the most are: Donetsk region in the first place — 623086,8 tons per year; second place — Dnipropetrovsk region — 276982 tons per year; the third place is occupied by Ivano-Frankivsk region — 185314 tons per year; the fourth place — Zaporizhzhia region — 150481,4 tons per year, the fifth place is Vinnytsia region — 72948,4 tons per year. Forecast data on the dynamics of emissions of pollutants into the air for 2021-2023 are given. The main types of economic activity that have the greatest negative impact of economic processes on the environment are identified. The necessity of implementing greening areas of production and consumption in the management of enterprises is proved. The nature and degree of influence of the external environment on the greening of production and consumption are given. The main goals, directions, priorities and principles of the “Ecological City” projects are described. The basic operational and analytical principles on which it is possible to build the program “Ecologically open city” are defined: 1) posting on the official website of the cities information on the amount of emissions of pollutants into the air by industrial facilities of the city; 2) creating a platform for discussion and coordination of actions of the city administration and citizens on measures to eliminate the negative impact on the environmental condition of the city; 3) development of programs to attract investment to overcome the ecologically dangerous state of the city and the introduction of mechanisms for greening production and consumption.
INFLUENCE OF THE RECIPES ON THE STRENGTH OF STRENGTH OF GEOPOLYMER COMPOUNDS WHEN CEMENTING LRW
Authors:   State Institution «The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine», Fedorenko Yu. , Rozko A. , Olkhovyk Yu.
Published: December 2021

The influence of the composition of geopolymer binders (blast furnace slag, removal ash, liquid glass and KOH) on the properties, namely the compressive strength of the compounds formed during LRW cementation, is studied. To perform the work, compounds were made in which the masses of the components varied according to the plan of the factorial experiment in 23 – three factors on two levels. The factors chosen were: liquid glass, a mixture of slag with ash in a ratio of 1: 1 and potassium hydroxide. The mass of LRW imitation did not change in all experiments. The experiments were not duplicated, and the random error was assessed analytically. The calculations gave the equation that relates the compressive strength of the compounds to the mass of liquid glass, slag and ash, and potassium hydroxide. When constructing the equation, it was found that the variance of the batch of measurements by the Cochren’s criterion is homogeneous, the coefficients of the equation by the Student’s criterion are statistically significant, and the model (equation) by the Fisher criterion is adequate. The analysis of the equation showed that the strength limit is influenced by slag and ash, but the greatest influence is exerted by the pair interaction of liquid glass with ash and slag. The consequence of the interaction is the formation of a geopolymer network, which strengthens the compounds. The addition of potassium hydroxide reduces the strength of the samples due to excess potassium and sodium cations, for which there is no functional place (combination with Al atoms to change the electronic configuration to tetrahedral). For this case, an equation with a correlation coefficient R = 0.86 is obtained. The application of the method of steep ascent showed the possibility of increasing the strength limit by 1.5 times or more. In the future, it is planned to reduce the amount of ash in the binder or replace it with temperature-activated kaolin. Mechanical activation of the slag powder had a positive effect on increasing the compressive strength.
BRYOPHYTA AS ТЕST-ОBJECTS OF BRYOGEOCHEMICAL INDICATION OF ATMOSPHERIC FALLOUTS OF HEAVY METALS AND RADIONUCLIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF EUROPE. АNALYTICAL REVIEW
Authors:   State Institution «The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine», Orlov O.
Published: December 2021

The review presents the analysis of publications dedicated to problems of using of Bryobionta representatives for bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring of heavy metals and radionuclides in the environment. Taxonomic structure of Bryobionta is briefly observed, three divisions of Bryobionta are elucidated – Anthocerotophyta, Marchantiophyta and Bryophyta. It is concluded that the most suitable moss species for biomonitoring of heavy metals and radionuclides are representatives from division Bryophyta, such as Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Hypnum cupressiforme, Scleropodium purum. The mosses have been successfully used in biomonitoring of atmospheric fallout of heavy metals in the environment in Europe for 25 years. A special system of monitoring on their basis is applied in 28 countries of the continent. For the most important moss species used as test-objects of biomonitoring, significant width of their geographic distribution is shown as well as distribution on different substrates of growth (epigeious, epiphytic, epilytic). The main biological peculiarities of mosses which allow to use them for purposes of biomonitoring of heavy metals and radionuclides have been analyzed, i.e. absence of roots, that permits them to derive the main part of nutrients (and pollutants) directly from aerial fallouts – dry (dust) and wet (rain, snow), and high cation exchange capacity of their cell membranes. The most important anatomical and morphological features of three moss groups (endohydritic, ectohydritic, mixohydritic) are briefly reported, and a conclusion about the best suitability of ectohydritic moss species for bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring of pollutants is made. Results of numerous biomonitoring studies conducted with using of widely distributed moss species in Europe in nature and anthropogenic biogeocenoses are demonstrated. Criteria to mosses as test-objects of bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring are briefly reported. Physiological adaptations of mosses to stress emerging due to intake of significant concentrations of heavy metals to their phytomass are generalized. Requirements to sampling of moss cover for purposes of bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring of pollutants are reported. Perspective moss species as test-objects of environmental pollution by heavy metals and radionuclides are proposed for different natural zones of Ukraine: for Polissya zone – Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi, for Forest-Steppe zone – Hypnum cupressiforme, for Steppe zone – Tortula muralis and Bryum argenteum.
Genesis of corporations in the liberal model of market economy
Authors:   State Institution ", Slyvka Tetiana ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine"
Published: December 2021

The article is concerned with studying of the history of corporations and the evolution of scientific and theoretical justification of the activities in corporate sector, the effective corporations’ structure and their importance for society and economy. The author emphasizes the importance of corporations in the economy in the context of interaction between state and market. The purpose of the article is to study the evolution of theoretical approaches to determining the place of the corporate sector in the liberal model of market economy. The methods of comparative studies and the problem-personified approach to the study of the history of economic ideas are used. Based on the historical and economic generalization of corporate sector’s activities in the twentieth century, the main stages of evolution of the importance of corporations in the economy are determined. The results of the study give a description of the main stages of formation of corporations during which their role in the economy evolved in response to changes in the economic environment. The dual nature of the influence of corporations on economy and society in a free market is determined, which consists in ensuring economic growth and accelerating technological progress as opposed to the negative effects of monopoly. It is established that the need to minimize the impact of destructive factors and strengthen the driving factors of the corporate sector contributed to changes in the relationship between state and market with the strengthening of state regulation of the economy. The results of research are important for understanding the need to create such conditions for the functioning of the corporate sector, which would ensure the most efficient use of corporate opportunities for society.
Development of socio-economic systems in the context of Ivan Vernadsky's creative work
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Nikolenko Inessa
Published: December 2021

The article examines the scientific views of Ivan Vernadsky on the historical development of socio-economic systems in the context of his consideration of the views of representatives of the main scientific schools of the XIX century. The subject of the study is methodological approaches to assessing the periodization of the development of socio-economic systems on the basis of historical, logical, institutional and stage analysis. The purpose of the article is to study the scientific heritage of Ivan Vernadsky on the states of economic organization of society and their formulation in the views of representatives of various scientific schools. The objectives of the article include determining stages of the historical development of socio-economic systems on the basis of system-structural and institutional-gradualist approaches. The author investigates Ivan Vernadsky's scientific approaches to the analysis of societal development in social and economic aspects in accordance with the established scientific views of that time. The scientist's emphasis is based on the conclusions on the need for a certain combination of methodological approaches of the classical school of economic science and the German historical school. In the modern sense this can be assessed as the establishment of a proto-institutional approach in the Ukrainian economic science in the study of dynamics, mechanisms of functioning and features of the development of national socio-economic systems. The author substantiates the idea of the necessity for synthetic combination in economic and theoretical analysis of classical and institutional approaches for a comprehensive study of the peculiarities of socio-economic development of national economic systems. Revealed the creative potential of Ivan Vernadsky's ideas, which had a significant impact on the development of Ukrainian economic science and received further development in the research of domestic scientists of both the 19th and 20th centuries, and has its continuation in modern scientific achievements. The article shows possible guidelines of scientific approaches to the systemic assessment of the state of development of socio-economic systems in the XXI century, as well as ways and options for stimulating national economic dynamics in the conditions of current global turbulence.
Investigation of social transformations on the verge of eras (to the 90th anniversary of Tymofiy Ivanovych Dereviankin)
Authors:   State Institution ", Didkivska Lesia ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine", Bieliaieva Valentyna ,   State Institution "Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine"
Published: December 2021

The article highlights the contribution of the famous Ukrainian scientist T.I. Dereviankin in the development of historical and economic science. The main directions of his research activities and scientific achievements are characterized. The facts of the scientist’s work and scientific biography are presented. The authors provide a list of T.I. Dereviankin’s personal scientific and methodological works of 1954–2010; scientific publications that he edited; reproduction of works of prominent Ukrainian economists in 1982–2009, prepared by him; and summaries of dissertations for obtaining the scientific degree of the Candidate of Economic Sciences under his scientific advisorship in 1970–2004.
Representation of the Self and Other in Joe Biden's Democratic National Convention Speech
Authors: Vianica Ingrit , Tanto Trisnowati
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the analysis of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation in Joe Biden’s speech in Democratic National Convention on 20 August 2020. This research utilizes van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), in which the main analysis is related to social power abuse and inequality in the social and political context. The main purpose of this research is to find out how language contributes to build both positive and negative representation in the speech. However, the research will only focus on the micro-level approach which consists of macrostructure, microstructure, and superstructure analyses. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method since it involves data interpretation in describing the representation. The result of the analysis shows that Biden as the Self has a positive representation; on the other hand, Trump as the Other has a negative representation. Both negative and positive representation are formed through various tools. Through this analysis, it is hoped that people can be more critical in absorbing the information given by political figures.
Islamic Book and Islam in Indonesia: a Historical Perspective
Authors: Burhanudin Jajat
Published: December 2021

Alongside the advance of Islamic reformism in the early twentieth century, one central element to pay attention is the rise of printed media, Islamic book, which enhanced the shaping of the reformist Muslims. Written in Malay with Rumi script, the books with Islamic substance first appeared as part of Islamic reform movement. Nearly all the authors were the leading activists of reformist organizations. This trend continued to develop, leading the books to emerge as an important pillar in the formation of Islamic intellectual discourses. This study focuses on the historical study of the Islamic books development and progression, with strong emphasis given to the ideas behind their rising in the courses of Indonesian history. Based on the classical theory of discourse of Michel Foucault, as well as the one of post-linguistic turn historiography, this article demonstrates, in reference to the three time periods which each presented a specific mode of intellectual thinking,  the growing importance of Islamic books in the making of print-based religious life, which paved the way for the strengthening of socio-religious plurality in modern Indonesia. Firstly, Islamic Book as the voice of Islamic reform, secondly, Islamic Books in 1950s-1960s, and lastly, Islamic Books in contemporary Indonesia.
Condición del arrecife coralino de Playa Blanca, Punta Gorda, uno de los arrecifes más extensos de la costa Pacífica de Costa Rica
Authors: Méndez-Venegas Mauricio , Jiménez Carlos , Bassey-Fallas Giovanni , Cortés Jorge
Published: December 2021

Introducción: Los arrecifes coralinos son afectados negativamente por diferentes causas antropogénicas y ambientales en el Golfo de Papagayo.

Objetivo: En esta investigación, la condición del arrecife coralino de Playa Blanca fue evaluado.

Métodos: Entre agosto de 2010 y setiembre de 2011 el porcentaje de coral vivo por especie y del alga Caulerpa sertularoides fue determinado; el crecimiento anual de P. damicornis y P. elegans fue medido y relacionado con variables ambientales.

Resultados: Se encontraron 14 especies de corales, dos de ellas, F. curvata y L. papyracea, únicamente como esqueletos. La zona con la mayor cobertura fue en la zona media de la playa. La especie con mayor CCV en todos los ámbitos de profundidad fue P. damicornis, seguido de P. elegans. La CCV descendió de 29 % en septiembre 2010 a 1 % en octubre 2010. La mortalidad masiva fue causada por una Floración Algal Nociva (FAN). La tasa de crecimiento de P. damicornis (26.0 ± 8.9 mm año-1) y de P. elegans (27.9 ± 4.5 mm año-1), no mostraron diferencias significativas entre profundidades ni por ubicación en el arrecife.

Conclusiones: El exuberante arrecife de coral de Playa Blanca experimentó una regresión repentina de la CCV similar a las descritas por Glynn et al. (1983). Esto sugiere que ocurren ciclos de mortalidad y recuperación natural de los arrecifes de coral, aunque las presiones antropogénicas reducen la capacidad de resiliencia de estos. El ordenamiento espacial, tanto en tierra como en el mar, es vital para un adecuado desarrollo humano, en el que se incorpore en el análisis el aumento de la capacidad de recuperación de los ecosistemas coralinos.
The devil is coming: Feeding behavior of juvenile Munk’s devil rays (Mobula munkiana) in very shallow waters of Punta Descartes, Costa Rica
Authors: Porsiel Nathalie , Hernández Sebastián , Cordier Damien , Heidemeyer Maike
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Identifying critical habitats for vulnerable elasmobranch species is crucial for effective conservation measures. The Munk’s devil ray (Mobula munkiana) is endemic to the Eastern Pacific, but yet little is known about its biology, ecology, and habitat use. As filter feeders, it is assumed that this species concentrates at high-productive upwelling regions, such as the Costa Rican Dome. Like many elasmobranchs, its populations are highly depleted and require urgent information to inform better conservation measures.

Objective: The study was conducted to gain information on a unique behavior observed in juvenile M. munkiana, so further information can be provided on early life stages of this vulnerable species.

Methods: From June to September 2017 and in August 2018, the feeding behavior of juvenile Mobula munkiana was observed in two shallow bays located at Punta Descartes, North Pacific Costa Rica. Individuals were captured using a non-lethal method to obtain data on size, weight, and sex distribution. Plankton samples (n = 100) were taken at both bays throughout the months to infer diet composition.

Results: Munk’s devil rays showed a repetitive swimming movement parallel to the beach, feeding exclusively in the shallow breaking zone of the low tide waves at depth <50cm. A total of 12 M. munkiana (11 live and one found dead) indicated a juvenile feeding aggregation ranging from 490 – 610mm in disk width and 1400 – 2300gr in weight. The sex ratio (males to females) was 3:1. Zooplankton of the order Mysidacae was found in the highest abundance in the breaking zone.

Conclusions: The specific behavior and seasonal occurrence of juvenile Munk’s devil rays in this area seem to be driven by prey abundance. More research is needed to conclude the presence of reproductive adults at deeper depths and the year-round habitat use of Punta Descartes. The area is threatened by unsustainable development and requires realistic management strategies to guarantee the survival of vulnerable species and their critical habitats.
Znaczenie przedsiębiorczości strategicznej w rozwijaniu przewagi konkurencyjnej przedsiębiorstw – perspektywa zwinności
Authors: Sajdak Maja
Published: December 2021

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to identify the relationship between strategic entrepreneurship (according to the measures of this construct adopted) and competitive advantage (taking into account the market results of enterprises).Research Design & Methods: Quantitative research carried out on a sample of 424 medium-sized and large companies in Poland is the basis for the empirical conclusions. CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) was used to collect the data.Findings: Analysis of the results shows that all of the relationships analysed are positive and statistically significant. The main hypothesis, that there is a positive relationship between strategic entrepreneurship (co-created by: ability to cooperate, innovation ability, entrepreneurial culture) and the competitive advantage of enterprises, could not be rejected.Implications / Recommendations: The results could be extremely useful in developing strategic entrepreneurship in enterprises, providing an answer to the question of what makes some enterprises more effective than others in building a competitive advantage in terms of agility. The results of the research can be used by managers to make decisions concerning the shaping of attitudes and the behaviour of employees and the applicable standards in the context of differentiating the effectiveness of their correlation with the market results of enterprises.Contribution: The contribution of research results to the development of the scientific discipline can be indicated in the area of new knowledge on the different role of the dimensions of strategic entrepreneurship that differentiate the effectiveness of the company’s activities in the context of competitive advantage.
Automatyzacja i robotyzacja jako wyzwanie dla rynku pracy
Authors: Zinczuk Bartłomiej
Published: December 2021

Objective: To examine the challenges facing today’s labour market in the context of progressing automation and robotisation.Research Design & Methods: To achieve the purpose of this article, the subject literature and research reports were analysed.Findings: Selected benefits and costs related to the process of automation and robotisation in numerous spheres of the economy were identified and the consequences for the labour market were determined.Implications / Recommendations: Automation and robotisation processes have a significant impact on how the modern labour market functions for both employers and employees. Knowledge of the technological changes and possible problems on the labour market related to automation and robotisation is the starting point for developing effective measures to overcome these difficulties.Contribution: The article contributes to the discourse on changes in the labour market caused by progressive automation and robotisation.
Experimental study on gasketed bell-and-spigot joint behaviour of lined-corrugated HDPE pipe subjected to normal fault
Authors: Zhou Min , Moore Ian D. , Lan Haitao
Published: December 2021

Although the structural response of pipelines has been studied in relation to different geohazards, few studies have focused on the behaviour of flexible pipeline joints. In this paper, the response of a bell-and-spigot joint in a 600 mm dia. lined-corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe was investigated under differential ground movements imposed using a facility that simulates a normal fault. Two experiments were undertaken in this facility. In the first experiment, the kinematic responses of the pipe joint (i.e. axial, shear displacements and rotational angles) were measured using particle image velocimetry and string potentiometers. Strains were also monitored using optical fibres. In the second experiment, the pipe was sealed and leakage of the joint was captured through monitoring the internal vacuum pressure of the pipe. The results show that axial shortening, rotational angle and shear displacement of the pipe joint increased with increasing fault offsets. The joint began to leak when axial shortening, rotational angle and shear displacement of the pipe joint were 0·65 mm, 0·44° and 3·40 mm, respectively, and the joint clearly lost its functionality when those values reached 0·85 mm, 0·58° and 4·32 mm.
The impacts of climate change on UK energy demand
Authors: Wood Frances Ruth , Calverley Daniel , Glynn Steven , Mander Sarah , Conor Walsh , Kuriakose Jaise , Hill Frances , Roeder Mirjam
Published: December 2021

The impacts of climate change on the energy system are diverse; this article focuses on the potential effects on UK energy demand and the ramifications for national infrastructure building on the findings of the UK’s 2012 Climate Change Risk Assessment. It reviews the available literature, where it exists, on the relationships among current energy demand, weather and climate change, and the implications for these relationships due to mitigation plans and potential adaptation responses. The review highlights the mechanisms by which future climate change, in particular changes in mean and extreme temperature, could affect the annual amount of UK energy demand and the seasonal, daily and spatial variation of the impacts. Published literature quantifying the effects of climate change on UK energy demand is limited; thus, where evidence is not available, information on the current relationship between weather and demand is combined with expert judgement to highlight potential demand responses to a changing climate without quantification. The impacts identified could have significant implications for the long-term planning of energy infrastructure and system operation and building design, depending on their magnitude, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
The Dynamics of the Housing Construction in the Republics of the USSR in the 1920s-1980s
Authors: Pilipenko Igor
Published: December 2021

Despite 30 years of market reforms, the main difference between the housing sector in Russia and other post-socialist countries and that of the advanced Western nations lies in housing tenure distribution. In the former states, outright homeowners with property mainly built in the planned economy dominate the market. At the same time, in the latter countries, the majority of households pay rent or take out a mortgage (these types of households account for three-quarters of households in the USA and on average almost two-thirds of households in Western and Northern European nations). This article examines the evolution of main indicators of housing construction in the USSR as well as in the 15 Union republics from 1918 to 1990. The research rests upon a database composed by the author from more than 120 official statistical sources at the national and Republics' level. This work covers not only state housing construction but also individual housing construction as well as housing construction cooperatives in the USSR republics, which the post-Soviet and foreign scholarly literature have often neglected. We identify the main stages of housing construction in the USSR and analyze the data on housing completions in urban and rural areas, the evolution of the housing stock, flats and houses built, and the statistics on the people in the Union Republics who improved their living conditions. The time series collected and per capita indicators across the 15 republics of the USSR calculated by the author, reveal quite synchronized development of their housing sectors. Nevertheless, the three Baltic republics were leaders in many per capita indicators, whereas the RSFSR, the Kazakh, Byelorussian and Armenian SSR stood out in terms of housing completions and share of people who improved their living conditions. At the same time, the Georgian, Ukrainian and Moldavian SSR excelled in floor area per person.
PROTECTING THE VULNERABLE IN SOUTH AFRICA: PROHIBITION OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT IN THE PRIVATE SPHERE
Authors: Lizelle Ramaccio Calvino
Published: December 2021

On 18 September 2019, the Constitutional Court confirmed that the common-law defence of “reasonable and moderate chastisement” is unconstitutional as it unjustifiably violates sections 10 and 12(1)(c) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. As a result, parents are no longer permitted to punish their child at home by way of inflicting physical punishment behind a facade of discipline. Despite the aforesaid, it should be noted that corporal punishment in the private sphere is not explicitly prohibited by South African legislation. In addition, South Africa’s legislative system lacks an appropriate regulatory framework to administer the anticipated proliferation of assault cases against parents. It is against this backdrop that this article first analyses the current legislative framework regulating the protection of children from physical punishment, and then follows with a succinct overview of the Constitutional Court ruling. The article assesses whether the mere repeal of the common-law defence of “reasonable and moderate” chastisement will be sufficient to eradicate corporal punishment in the private sphere, and if not, whether legislative prohibition and/or other interceding strategies will be required to give effect to the objective of the Constitutional Court ruling. In this regard, by way of comparative research, the legislative framework adopted by Sweden, being the first country in the world to prohibit all forms of corporate punishment of children is evaluated. Lastly, recommendations are made for the incorporation of practical steps, including possible legislative measures, to establish a regulatory framework from a children’s rights perspective to prohibit corporal punishment in the private sphere. Accordingly, for purposes of analysis and consideration, a qualitative approach is applied for purposes of the research. Primary sources such as the Constitution, case law, legislation, governmental documents, statistical data and research reports are consulted in conjunction with journal articles and textbooks.
BALANCING INVESTOR PROTECTION WITH A STATE’S REGULATORY AUTONOMY IN THE AMENDED SADC FIP
Authors: Mmiselo Freedom Qumba
Published: December 2021

This article focuses on the 2016 Amended Annex 1 to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Finance and Investment Protocol (FIP) (the Amended Annex), which entered into force on 22 August 2017. It aims at a comprehensive assessment of the adequacy of the Amended Annex in balancing investor protection with SADC member states’ quest for domestic policy space in the content of the treaty provisions. Prior to the amendment, the 2006 SADC FIP contained clauses that were considered challenging in the old international investment agreements (IIAs) – such as broad definitions of “investor” and “investment”, provision for international arbitration as a recourse, and according foreign investors fair and equitable treatment (FET) and most favoured nation (MFN) treatment. The challenges associated with bilateral investment treaties (BITs) (especially investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanisms, restrictions on sovereign policy space and regulatory autonomy) necessitated a review by the SADC member states of the 2006 SADC FIP. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the implications of the 2016 Amended Annex 1 to the SADC FIP with a view to finding a balance between protection enjoyed by investors and the host states’ right to regulate. The article adopts a comparative international law approach, which is useful in order better to understand a SADC member country’s approach to foreign investment protection.
SELECTED CHALLENGES AFFECTING THE RETROACTIVE TRANSFER PRICING ADJUSTMENTS OF IMPORTED GOODS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Howard Chitimira  , Oratile Maselwa
Published: December 2021

The article analyses selected challenges associated with retroactive transfer pricing adjustments of imported goods under the Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964 (Customs and Excise Act). This is done in order to examine the regulatory challenges affecting retroactive transfer pricing adjustments and customs valuation processes of imported goods under the Customs and Excise Act. Thus, the enforcement of retroactive transfer pricing adjustments of imported goods for Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) is scrutinised in terms of the Customs and Excise Act. To this end, the article provides an overview analysis of selected regulatory and related challenges affecting retroactive transfer pricing adjustments and actual valuation processes of imported goods within different MNEs in South Africa. Accordingly, the article explores selected challenges in order to recommend possible remedies and measures that could be employed by policy makers to enhance the regulatory and enforcement framework under the Customs and Excise Act.
MISTAKEN IDENTITY OF THE VICTIM IN CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: Shannon Hoctor
Published: December 2021

Along with the drama and pathos that the trial of Oscar Pistorius brought to a multitude of South Africans, who devotedly followed the events (and dissections of events) with great dedication a few years ago, the case also highlighted and publicized a number of legal rules and doctrines. Who would have thought, for example, that the term of art dolus eventualis would emerge as the subject of such quizzical interest for so many?Other issues which emerged are no less interesting from a legal perspective, but are admittedly of much more narrow and parochial interest, being limited to those who are required to apply substantive criminal law, whether in the courts or in the classroom. One of these is the error in obiecto notion (the spelling “obiecto”, rather than “objecto” which more typically appears in the textbooks and the case law, is more correct, although, both spelling forms will be used below, as needs be). The word “notion” is carefully selected, since describing error in obiecto as a rule, has been firmly and correctly dismissed as incorrect by Snyman (Hoctor Snyman’s Criminal Law 7ed (2020) 171): “[It] is not the description of a legal rule; it merely describes a certain type of factual situation.” Burchell’s point of departure is even more stark: “[T]he so-called error in objecto rule has uncertain, dubious origins and reference to it, even as a description of a factual predicament, should be excluded from the lawyers’ lexicon”. Phelps uses the phrase “little-known principle” to describe this “factual predicament”. The author in Kemp, Walker, Palmer, Baqwa, Gevers, Leslie and Steynberg Criminal Law in South Africa 3ed (2018) 263 does not use any nomenclature when discussing the legal position arising out of this factual situation.
L’hétérogénéité des fondements épistémologiques dans l’éducation au développement durable
Authors: REDONDO Cécile , LADAGE Caroline
Published: December 2021

Ce chapitre s’intéresse aux pratiques pédagogiques des acteurs de l’éducation au développement durable (EDD) en France en les interrogeant du point de vue de leur déploiement déclaré et de leurs fondements épistémologiques (plus ou moins appropriés par les acteurs). Dans l’idée de l’entrée en Anthropocène, qui nécessite un changement de paradigme dans notre rapport au monde, se pose alors la question du renouveau – à penser et à construire – dans notre rapport à l’éducation. Qu’est-ce qu’éduquer et comment éduquer à l’époque de l’Anthropocène ? Comment les enseignants, éducateurs, formateurs s’approprient-ils ce qui peut être considéré comme un cadre éducatif et pédagogique inédit et certainement déjà émergent ? En réponse à ces questions, l’exploitation des données d’une enquête par questionnaire qui a reçu plus de 1 000 réponses a permis d’identifier une évolution des choix pédagogiques des acteurs (depuis les débuts de l’EDD en 2004) ainsi qu’un besoin de formation centré sur les fondements épistémologiques des pédagogies permettant d’améliorer leur mobilisation dans des contextes éducatifs de plus en plus hétérogènes et complexes.
La formation des étudiants aux enjeux énergie-climat
Authors: MALEVAL Véronique
Published: December 2021

A l’heure où les défis environnementaux font la une de l’actualité et du discours politique français, la question est de savoir ce qui se passe véritablement sur le front de la lutte contre le changement climatique, tant les enjeux sont grands. Cet article, après avoir confronté les textes instituant la formation des jeunes adultes sur cette question avec sa quasi absence dans les enseignements, propose la maquette pédagogique de la géographie environnementale de l’Université de Limoges, allant des enjeux climatiques à l’effondrement des sociétés (en l’absence d’actions systémiques rapides et concrètes), via, notamment, les défis démographique et écosystémique de la planète. Si la démonstration s’appuie sur des verbatims d’étudiants montrant qu’ils passent, inévitablement, par la « courbe du deuil », elle révèle surtout leur volonté d’agir pour un avenir durable, aidée par des enseignants et des services universitaires œuvrant pour leur formation aux enjeux énergie-climat, par le biais, notamment, de conférences et débats. Il s’agit tout simplement du rôle de l’Université pour, in fine, guider la société vers des comportements et actions durables.
Une formation de master pour penser l’élevage autrement
Authors: VÉDRINE Adeline
Published: December 2021

L’agriculture doit évoluer pour s’adapter aux crises actuelles et aux conséquences de ces crises. Il est donc nécessaire de former les futurs acteurs de l’agriculture dans ce sens. Plusieurs écoles d’ingénieur en agronomie, des universités ainsi que des instituts de recherche ou encore des entreprises du monde agricole, proposent aujourd’hui une formation de master en sciences animales qui prend en compte les enjeux de l’élevage en Anthropocène. Cette formation intitulée « Global Quality in European Livestock Production » repose sur le concept de qualité globale, une approche systémique, interdisciplinaire et territorialisée permettant d’analyser et améliorer la qualité globale des systèmes de production de production animale.
Quel avenir pour les écoles de gestion dans un monde en ruine ?
Authors: BONNET Emmanuel , LANDIVAR Diego , MONNIN Alexandre
Published: December 2021

Ce chapitre questionne la mutation pédagogique induite par l’Anthropocène sur les contenus et les modalités de l’enseignement dans une école de gestion. Nous montrons que l’irruption de l’Anthropocène dans ce type d’établissement ne se résume par simplement à la transmission de nouveaux contenus, ni même à la facilitation de leur acquisition par le truchement d’innovations pédagogiques. L’Anthropocène provoque une transformation profonde de l’apprentissage, en rupture avec les implicites épistémiques et cosmologiques du monde organisé et des écoles de gestion. L’enjeu n’est plus de maintenir en existence des organisations selon les critères de performance établis mais de confronter les programmes des écoles de gestion à l’enjeu de l’in-habitabilité et de l’inconsistance du monde organisé : un monde en ruine. Nous soulignons le rôle critique que joue le design dans cette transformation, en revenant sur des programmes d’enseignement conduits au sein d’une école de gestion, en collaboration avec des designers et une école de design.
Индивидуальные особенности тканевого энергообмена и их роль в развитии митохондриальной дисфункции при заболеваниях респираторного тракта у детей: методические рекомендации по внедрению результатов научно-поисковой работы
Authors: Косякова Н.И. , Акуленко М.В. , Сероштанова И.Э. , Ильеня Э.Л. , Балясникова В.С. , Панкратова Е.В. , Андреева Л.А.
Published: December 2021

В методических рекомендациях изучены особенности дисфункции митохондриальных ферментов у детей с патологией респираторного тракта. Полученные данные об активностях сукцинатдегидрогеназы (СДГ) и лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ) в лимфоцитах периферической крови, отражающие активность митохондриального дыхания и гликолиза, а также параметры распределения клеточной популяции по активностям ферментов отражали тяжесть течения заболевания: при легком течении бронхиальной астмы и у детей группы ЧДБ наблюдалось увеличение активности окислительного фосфорилирования, сопровождающееся также поддержкой в виде активации гликолиза. При бронхиальной астме средней степени тяжести наблюдались гиперактивация митохондриального дыхания при отсутствии или угнетении процессов гликолиза; в группе детей с тяжелым течением бронхиальной астмы с сопутствующими заболеваниями наблюдалась депрессия всех изучаемых дегидрогеназ, что, вероятно, является неблагоприятным прогностическим признаком. Полученные результаты исследования позволили своевременно вносить коррекцию в терапию детей с респираторной патологией. Полученные данные исследования могут быть использованы в работе врачейпедиатров, ЛОР-врачей, иммунологов-аллергологов как в амбулаторных условиях, так и в условиях стационаров.
Simulation of Air Motion in Human Lungs during Breathing. Dynamics of Liquid Droplet Precipitation in the Case of Medicine Drug Aerosols
Authors: Medvedev A.E. , Golysheva P.S.
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with numerical simulation of the air flow in the full human bronchial tree. In their previous studies, the authors developed an analytical model of the full human bronchial tree and a method of stage-by-stage computation of the respiratory tract. A possibility of using the proposed method for a wide range of problems of numerical simulations of the air flow in human lungs is analyzed. The following situations are considered: 1) steady inspiration (with different flow rates of air) for circular and “starry” cross sections of bronchi (“starry” cross sections models some lung pathology); 2) steady expiration; 3) unsteady inspiration; 4) precipitation of medical drug aerosol droplets in human bronchi. The results predicted by the proposed method are compared with results of other researchers and found to be in good agreement. In contrast to previous investigations, the air flow in the full (down to alveoli) bronchial tree is studied for the first time. It is shown that expiration requires a greater pressure difference (approximately by 30%) than inspiration. Numerical simulations of precipitation of medical drug aerosol droplets in the human respiratory tract show that aerosol droplets generated by a standard nebulizer do not reach the alveoli (the droplets settle down in the lower regions of the bronchi).
YIELD PERFORMANCES OF PELLETED TRUE POTATO (TPS) SEEDS IN OUTDOOR SEEDBED GROWING
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Gülsüm , DUMANOĞLU Zeynep
Published: December 2021

Yield performances of pelleted true potato seeds were tested in the outdoor seedbed growing at BornovaIzmir, Turkey in 2017 and 2018. Micro yield trial was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD)

with following treatments: seedling from pelleted seed (SPS), seedling from non-pelleted seed (SNPS), pelleted

single seed (PSS), pelleted two (double) seed (PDS), pelleted three (triple) seed (PTS), non-pelleted seed (NS)

and minituber (MT). The following results were obtained the PTS had the highest tuber number (9.1); the

PDS had the highest single tuber weight similar to the control MT; the PTS had the highest plant yield (182.3

g); the PTS had the highest plot yield (1.0 kg) with the MT (Control); the PDS had the highest tuber width (3.4

cm) similar to the MT (control) and the PDS had the highest tuber length (4.2 cm) similar to the MT (4.1 cm)

and PSS (4.0 cm)

The high mean for the agronomical traits indicated that pelleted potato seeds could be successfully used in the

outdoor seedbed growing.
De la turismofobia al turismo sostenible en Toledo
Authors: Ralero Rojas Isabel
Published: December 2021

En este trabajo podremos observar la forma en la que los intereses económicos globales de la industria turística actual se articulan en lo local conjugándose con ciertos valores identitarios y estereotipos que se han ido recreando históricamente para naturalizar el turismo como elemento clave para el bien común. Ello se encuentra inmerso dentro una supuesta lógica racional que ha considerado al turismo como una fuente incalculable e inagotable de riqueza para la urbe, idea que se ha ido alimentando desde los inicios del turismo en Toledo. Pero el contexto actual nos muestra cómo la crisis sanitaria pone de relevancia la necesidad de un cambio de modelo turístico ya agotado hacia otros más sostenibles y comunitarios que ponen en duda esa supuesta lógica racional del beneficio general. Concluye el artículo con una propuesta práctica para la identificación de indicadores, criterios de medición, fuentes de verificación y resultados deseables.
Ciencia médica y el concepto de enfermedad
Authors: Valín Méndez José Alfredo
Published: December 2021

En diciembre del año 2010, el Complexo Hospitalario Xeral-Calde de Lugo, compuesto por tres hospitales y un centro de especialidades, se traslada al Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), un hospital muy tecnológico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la evolución del sistema sanitario desde una medicina humanista a una más tecnológica, que busca en la ciencia médica su legitimidad; así como el impacto de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TICs) en los procesos asistenciales y el acto médico. Se analiza la situación presente y futura de la relación médico-paciente, tras la aparición en los últimos años de una agenda transhumanista en los sistemas de salud, orientando sobre la necesidad de un debate abierto en el ámbito de la asistencia clínica y la propia medicina.
Oralidad y narrativa visual en la leyenda de la Llorona
Authors: Aguilar Tamayo Federico , Iñigo Dehud Laura Silvia
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo reflexiona en la experiencia de investigación- creación en torno a las leyendas populares y su representación tanto oral como visual, particularmente abordamos la leyenda de la Llorona, proponemos una postura transdisciplinar entre las ciencias sociales, el arte y el diseño, con esto se pretende generar procedimientos novedosos que posibiliten la comprensión de fenómenos sociales desde diversos ángulos que han sido poco explorados. Presentamos una propuesta metodológica para crear narrativas visuales (cómic o historietas) a partir de la recuperación del relato oral sobre las leyendas a través del método etnográfico. Para ello recurrimos a la reflexión acerca de los campos disciplinares y la necesidad de fomentar la interrelación entre ellos, posteriormente presentamos el trabajo de narrativa visual de la leyenda de la Llorona, con testimonios recogidos en el estado de Chiapas, México.
¿Las implicaciones «negativas» de la identificación social feminista en la identidad laboral?
Authors: Salguero González Pedro , Echeverría-Esparza Pablo
Published: December 2021

A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a personas relacionadas con el Máster de Estudios Feministas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid; este texto pretende realizar una aproximación a la forma en que se construye la relación entre una formación feminista y el acceso al mercado laboral. Si bien la igualdad de género se ha instituido como aspiración social relativamente aceptada y compartida, tal asunción choca con el desconocimiento y las ambiguas valoraciones sociales asociadas aún existentes en torno al concepto de feminismo. Esto genera una relación conflictiva entre la identificación feminista y la consecución de empleo. Mediante el análisis de este contexto y de las percepciones y vivencias manifestadas al respecto por las informantes, profundizaremos en la forma y funcionamiento de esta particular intersección social.