bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The contribution rate of stem‐leaf and root of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to sediment and runoff reduction
Authors: Yao Chong , Chen Kebing , Zhang Qingwei , Wang Chenfeng , Lu Chen , Wang Hao , Wu Faqi
Published: May 2023

Seasonal changes in ground canopy and root density induced by the growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) may strongly influence the variation in runoff and sediment across alfalfa growth stages. In this study, eight alfalfa plots with and without ground canopy and two bare soil plots (CK) were used to investigate the effect of alfalfa growth on the regulation of runoff and sediment during one growing season (seedling stage, S1; budding stage, S2; flowering stage, S3; podding stage, S4). The experiments involved four slope gradients of 8.6%, 17.6%, 26.8%, and 36.4% and one rainfall intensity of 90 mm h−1. The time to runoff initiation (TR), runoff volume (RV), and sediment yield (SY) were recorded, and runoff reduction benefits (RRBs) and sediment reduction benefits (SRBs) were calculated. The results have shown that TR was delayed with the growth of alfalfa and advanced with an increasing slope gradient. From S1 to S4, compared with CK, alfalfa grassland reduced the runoff by 10.36% to 85.80% and the sediment by 15.34% to 94.48%. The root systems of alfalfa reduced the runoff by 1.29% to 34.86% and the sediment by 0.87% to 49.97%. RV and SY decreased exponentially with aboveground biomass and root density during the growing season. The SRBs were greater than the RRBs, and the contribution of stem leaves for SRBs and RRBs was higher than that for roots under the same growing seasons and slope gradient. This study deepens our understanding of herbaceous plants in regulating runoff and sediment at different growth stages and clarifies the contribution of vegetation components to soil and water loss control.
Coalescence of Sessile Polymer Droplets: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Arbabi Soheil , Theodorakis Panagiotis E.
Published: May 2023

Droplet coalescence is ubiquitous in nature and, at the same time key to various technologies, such as inkjet printing. Herein, this study reports on the coalescence of polymer droplets with different chain lengths coalescing on substrates of different wettability. By means of molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse‐grained model, it is found that the rate of bridge growth is higher in the case of droplets with smaller contact angles (more wettable substrates) and decreases with the increase of the chain length of the polymers. Different behavior is also identified in the dynamics of the approach of the two droplets during coalescence with the substrate wettability playing a more important role compared to the chain length of the polymers. While the dynamics of the droplet are greatly affected by the latter parameters, the density profile and flow patterns remain the same for the different cases. Thus, this study anticipates that it provides further insights into the coalescence of liquid polymer droplets on solid substrates with implications for relevant technologies.
Many children with parent‐reported ADHD not receiving outpatient MH care
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2023

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from families with the highest income level were less likely than those from families with the lowest income level to receive outpatient mental health care, according to new research seeking to gain a better understanding of ADHD treatment for children with ADHD based on parent‐reported Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria.
Faith‐based groups become essential in engaging communities of color
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: May 2023

(Editor's note: In each issue of MHW during Mental Health Awareness Month, we will feature an innovative initiative in mental health advocacy/promotion.)
APA panel calls for safe, social media use by adolescents
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2023

Social media use is a rapidly evolving and growing area of research with implications for many stakeholders (e.g., youth, parents, caregivers, educators, policymakers, practitioners, and members of the technology industry) who share responsibility to ensure adolescents’ well‐being, according to the American Psychological Association (APA) in a statement announcing 10 recommendations for adolescent social media use.
Analysis of the variable‐order fractional viscoelastic modeling with application to polymer materials
Authors: Han Baozhi , Yin Deshun , Gao Yunfei
Published: May 2023

The variable‐order fractional (VOF) operator has been extensively employed to depict complex physical phenomena of viscoelastic materials, during which the reasonable form of the proper variable‐order (VO) function will significantly affect the applicability and accuracy of proposed fractional model. To this regard, this work aims to provide a technical guidance for VO function selection in VOF viscoelastic modeling. In this paper, we develop a VOF model based on the classical Zener model, the suitable VO function form and the applicability of VOF model are investigated by means of characterizing the stress relaxation and creep recovery behaviors, in which the monotonicity of VO functions (decreasing or increasing) are discussed in detail. The results demonstrate that the stress relaxation and creep recovery responses have a realistic physical meaning only when the VOF rheological model with a monotonically decreasing VO function. Furthermore, three definitions of VOFD are also considered to determine the optimal VO function form and the reasonability of the proposed model is validated by fitting the experimental data of polymer matric materials. The analysis found that the decreasing exponential VO function exhibits good prospects in describing the time‐dependent behaviors, and it was found that the V2 and V3 definition types performed better. The results also show that the proposed model has unique advantage compared to the other existing viscoelastic models. Finally, the proposed VOF model is employed to predict the viscoelastic behavior to test the model's predictive ability.
Neural networks for fast fluvial flood predictions: Too good to be true?
Authors: Bomers Anouk , Hulscher Suzanne J. M. H.
Published: May 2023

Accurate models with low computational times are required to predict the consequences of fluvial floods in real‐time. Even though detailed hydraulic models can predict flood water levels and corresponding inundation extents with high accuracy, their computational times limit their applicability to being used as a flood early‐warning system. Therefore, conceptual models were developed in the literature for many years. These types of models do not attempt to represent the complex dynamic flood generation processes but are based on simplified hydraulic concepts, generally only using a digital elevation model as input. However, a shift in this research field is currently present from conceptual models to data‐driven models, and more specifically to neural networks. This paper discusses the benefits and drawbacks of both modelling approaches and speculates which method is most promising to be used as a flood warning system to predict the consequences of fluvial floods in real‐time.
Novel Starchy Materials Isolated from Andean Native Potatoes: Physical–Chemical and Functional Characterization and Application in Edible Film Production
Authors: Choquetico Iquiapaza Ivone Yanira , Medrano Jhenifer Peralta , Aguilar Guilherme José , Tapia‐Blácido Delia Rita
Published: May 2023

Starchy materials are extracted from five Andean native potato varieties—Yana Puma Maqui (YP), Yana Winku (YW), Mulu Mata (MM), Qeqorani (Q), and Kuchi Aqcha (KA)—and characterized. Edible films from potato starchy materials are then produced and characterized. The YP and YW starchy materials show better antioxidant activity. The YP starchy material presents the largest particle size, the lowest starch content, and the highest amylose content, which decreases its swelling power and prevents granules from being disrupted at high temperatures. The YP starchy material films have high mechanical strength, but they are the most hydrophilic. The KA starchy material yields a gel with greater clarity and less tendency to retrograde. Because of its high amylopectin content, its films are more elongatable and less hydrophilic and have the lowest mechanical strength. The MM starchy material presents the smallest particle size, which increases its thermal stability and decreases its swelling power and amylose leaching. This starchy material yields a less soluble gel with less clarity at 25, 4, and −18 °C, and its films are the most elongatable. Meanwhile, the YW starchy material has the greatest swelling power, which results in thicker films with better mechanical properties and water resistance.
A mechanistic study of the fire performance of the silica and zinc borate nanoparticles‐incorporated intumescent coatings based on epoxy resin
Authors: Dovom‐Niasar Saman Jafari , Seifi Azadeh , Bahramian Ahmad Reza , Abzal Ali
Published: May 2023

An epoxy‐based intumescent coating containing the silica and zinc borate nanoparticles was fabricated. The fire performance of the coating with the optimum formulation was investigated in terms of the changes in the physical and chemical structure of the formed char layer during the exposure to a temperature of 1000°C. The state of the chemical structure was analyzed by performing the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis from the char layer at the three‐time intervals of 10, 30, and 60 min of the heating process. The innovative Condorcet method was also employed to examine the changes in the physical structure of the formed char layer. Some instabilities were detected in the physical structure of the char layer in the middle period of heating. Moreover, a gradual formation of silicon carbide crystalline structure was observed on top of the surface, followed by its oxidation to silica over time. In contrast, in the bulk structure, silicon crystalline structures (Coesite) intensified with time. Boron nitride was also increasingly created on the top surface and in the bulk of the coating over the heating time. These findings proved the effective role of the silica and zinc‐borate nanoparticles in the fire performance of epoxy‐based intumescent coatings.
Military Trauma and the Conflicted Human Condition: Moral Injury as a Window into Violence, Human Nature and Military Ethics
Authors: Molendijk Tine
Published: May 2023

Experiences of trauma not only shed light on a person’s mental injuries themselves, but also bring to the surface several broader tensions and vulnerabilities underlying these injuries, which normally remain hidden This is especially true for moral injury, which refers to the lasting psychological impact of tragic dilemmas and moral transgressions. This chapter considers moral injury in this sense. First, it explains moral conflict as inherently part of human nature. Next, it shows how veterans’ stories of moral injury offer important insights into violence, human nature and military ethics, at the level of the individual soldier’s psyche, the relationship between soldier and society, and society. Finally, it reflects on the implications of these insights for military ethics.
Mechanical characterization of thermoplastic elastomers based on olefin processed through material extrusion
Authors: Adrover-Monserrat Bàrbara , Llumà Jordi , Jerez-Mesa Ramón , Travieso-Rodriguez J. Antonio
Published: May 2023

Thermoplastic elastomeric materials are processable through 3D printing. These materials demonstrate excellent mechanical properties, along with good flexibility. A better understanding of the creation of bonds between the filaments of these copolymers is still needed. When extruded, these materials have shown to have a different behavior compared to commonly known thermoplastic materials. The methodology, hereby presented, relies on the tensile tests of 3D-printed samples of two thermoplastic elastomers based on olefin: TPO 90A and TPO 96A. In order to study the effect of printing parameters on the mechanical behavior of the samples, these have been manufactured following a full factorial design of experiments. Statistical influences were evaluated with an analysis of variance. Layer height and fill density were the variable parameters. Eventually, these two parameters were shown to have a significant effect on the mechanical properties studied (Young’s modulus and yield strength). Once all the results were analyzed, the presented methodology was applied to another set of specimens. These had been manufactured with a different printer and with the same material but colored. The analysis of variance showed that, although the mechanical properties were affected by the color pigments, the trends of this analysis and the recommended manufacturing values did not vary. The results showed that when working with thermoplastic elastomers and in order to maximize Young’s modulus and yield strength, a 0.3-mm layer height and a 75% fill density should be selected.
Two Medicago truncatula growth-promoting rhizobacteria capable of limiting in vitro growth of the Fusarium soil-borne pathogens modulate defense genes expression
Authors: Karczyński Piotr , Orłowska Anna , Kępczyńska Ewa
Published: May 2023

Main conclusion

PGPRs: P. fluorescens Ms9N and S. maltophilia Ll4 inhibit in vitro growth of three legume fungal pathogens from the genus Fusarium. One or both trigger up-regulation of some genes (CHIT, GLU, PAL, MYB, WRKY) in M. truncatula roots and leaves in response to soil inoculation.

Pseudomonas fluorescens (referred to as Ms9N; GenBank accession No. MF618323, not showing chitinase activity) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Ll4; GenBank accession No. MF624721, showing chitinase activity), previously identified as promoting growth rhizobacteria of Medicago truncatula, were found, during an in vitro experiment, to exert an inhibitory effect on three soil-borne fungi: Fusarium culmorum Cul-3, F. oxysporum 857 and F. oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis strain CBS 179.29, responsible for serious diseases of most legumes including M. truncatula. S. maltophilia was more active than P. fluorescens in suppressing the mycelium growth of two out of three Fusarium strains. Both bacteria showed β-1,3-glucanase activity which was about 5 times higher in P. fluorescens than in S. maltophilia. Upon soil treatment with a bacterial suspension, both bacteria, but particularly S. maltophilia, brought about up-regulation of plant genes encoding chitinases (MtCHITII, MtCHITIV, MtCHITV), glucanases (MtGLU) and phenylalanine ammonia lyases (MtPAL2, MtPAL4, MtPAL5). Moreover, the bacteria up-regulate some genes from the MYB (MtMYB74, MtMYB102) and WRKY (MtWRKY6, MtWRKY29, MtWRKY53, MtWRKY70) families which encode TFs in M. truncatula roots and leaves playing multiple roles in plants, including a defense response. The effect depended on the bacterium species and the plant organ. This study provides novel information about effects of two M. truncatula growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains and suggests that both have a potential to be candidates for PGPR inoculant products on account of their ability to inhibit in vitro growth of Fusarium directly and indirectly by up-regulation of some defense priming markers such as CHIT, GLU and PAL genes in plants. This is also the first study of the expression of some MYB and WRKY genes in roots and leaves of M. truncatula upon soil treatment with two PGPR suspensions.
Nucleus incertus projections to rat medial septum and entorhinal cortex: rare collateralization and septal-gating of temporal lobe theta rhythm activity
Authors: Gil-Miravet Isis , Núñez-Molina Ángel , Navarro-Sánchez Mónica , Castillo-Gómez Esther , Ros-Bernal Francisco , Gundlach Andrew L. , Olucha-Bordonau Francisco E.
Published: May 2023

Nucleus incertus (NI) neurons in the pontine tegmentum give rise to ascending forebrain projections and express the neuropeptide relaxin-3 (RLN3) which acts via the relaxin-family peptide 3 receptor (RXFP3). Activity in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex can be driven from the medial septum (MS), and the NI projects to all these centers, where a prominent pattern of activity is theta rhythm, which is related to spatial memory processing. Therefore, we examined the degree of collateralization of NI projections to the MS and the medial temporal lobe (MTL), comprising medial and lateral entorhinal cortex (MEnt, LEnt) and dentate gyrus (DG), and the ability of the MS to drive entorhinal theta in the adult rat. We injected fluorogold and cholera toxin-B into the MS septum and either MEnt, LEnt or DG, to determine the percentage of retrogradely labeled neurons in the NI projecting to both or single targets, and the relative proportion of these neurons that were RLN3-positive ( +). The projection to the MS was threefold stronger than that to the MTL. Moreover, a majority of NI neurons projected independently to either MS or the MTL. However, RLN3 + neurons collateralize significantly more than RLN3-negative (–) neurons. In in vivo studies, electrical stimulation of the NI induced theta activity in the MS and the entorhinal cortex, which was impaired by intraseptal infusion of an RXFP3 antagonist, R3(BΔ23-27)R/I5, particularly at ~ 20 min post-injection. These findings suggest that the MS plays an important relay function in the NI-induced generation of theta within the entorhinal cortex.
Minimum Degree Stability of H-Free Graphs
Authors: Illingworth Freddie
Published: May 2023

Given an $$(r + 1)$$

(
r
+
1
)

-chromatic graph H, the fundamental edge stability result of Erdős and Simonovits says that all n-vertex H-free graphs have at most $$(1 - 1/r + o(1)) \binom{n}{2}$$

(
1
-
1
/
r
+
o

(
1
)

)

n
2

edges, and any H-free graph with that many edges can be made r-partite by deleting $$o(n^{2})$$

o
(

n
2

)

edges. Here we consider a natural variant of this—the minimum degree stability of H-free graphs. In particular, what is the least c such that any n-vertex H-free graph with minimum degree greater than cn can be made r-partite by deleting $$o(n^{2})$$

o
(

n
2

)

edges? We determine this least value for all 3-chromatic H and for very many non-3-colourable H (all those in which one is commonly interested) as well as bounding it for the remainder. This extends the Andrásfai-Erdős-Sós theorem and work of Alon and Sudakov.
End-to-end optical music recognition for pianoform sheet music
Authors: Ríos-Vila Antonio , Rizo David , Iñesta José M. , Calvo-Zaragoza Jorge
Published: May 2023

End-to-end solutions have brought about significant advances in the field of Optical Music Recognition. These approaches directly provide the symbolic representation of a given image of a musical score. Despite this, several documents, such as pianoform musical scores, cannot yet benefit from these solutions since their structural complexity does not allow their effective transcription. This paper presents a neural method whose objective is to transcribe these musical scores in an end-to-end fashion. We also introduce theGrandStaffdataset, which contains 53,882 single-system piano scores in common western modern notation. The sources are encoded in both a standard digital music representation and its adaptation for current transcription technologies. The method proposed in this paper is trained and evaluated using this dataset. The results show that the approach presented is, for the first time, able to effectively transcribe pianoform notation in an end-to-end manner.
Beyond starving cancer: anti-angiogenic therapy
Authors: Hida Kyoko , Maishi Nako , Matsuda Aya , Yu Li
Published: May 2023

Tumor blood vessels contribute to cancer progression by supplying nutrients and oxygen to the tumor, removing waste products, and providing a pathway to distant organs. Current angiogenesis inhibitors primarily target molecules in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, inhibiting cancer growth and metastasis by preventing the formation of blood vessels that feed cancer. They also normalize vascular structural abnormalities caused by excess VEGF and improve reflux, resulting in increased drug delivery to cancer tissue and immune cell mobilization. As a result, by normalizing blood vessels, angiogenesis inhibitors have been shown to enhance the effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. We present findings on the characteristics of tumor vascular endothelial cells that angiogenesis inhibitors target.
Measuring Symptom-Specific Panic-Relevant Associations Using Single-Target Implicit Association Tests
Authors: Blackwell Simon E. , Wilhelm Frank H. , Reinecke Andrea , Margraf Jürgen , Woud Marcella L.
Published: May 2023

Background

According to major cognitive accounts of panic disorder, bodily sensations can lead to automatic activation of an associative fear network, potentially triggering a cascade of cognitive, emotional, and physiological responses culminating in a panic attack. However, the evidence for the automatic associations assumed by these models is mixed. This may reflect the heterogeneous nature of panic disorder, in that the relative importance of different bodily sensations and symptoms varies between individuals. The current study aimed to test this possibility via measuring the associations between three different sets of panic symptoms (cognitive, respiratory, cardiac) and scores on three symptom-specific single target implicit association tests (STIATs).

Methods

A total of 226 unselected female participants aged 18–35 completed the STIATs as well as questionnaires assessing panic symptoms and related measures in a web-based study.

Results

Only limited evidence was found to support the idea of specific associations between STIAT stimuli sets and their related panic symptoms. Exploratory analyses indicated that there were only associations between STIAT scores and panic-relevant questionnaires amongst those participants who had experienced a panic attack in the previous 6 months.

Conclusions

The results have implications for measuring panic-relevant associations and understanding their role in panic disorder.
How to conduct systematic literature reviews in management research: a guide in 6 steps and 14 decisions
Authors: Sauer Philipp C. , Seuring Stefan
Published: May 2023

Systematic literature reviews (SLRs) have become a standard tool in many fields of management research but are often considerably less stringently presented than other pieces of research. The resulting lack of replicability of the research and conclusions has spurred a vital debate on the SLR process, but related guidance is scattered across a number of core references and is overly centered on the design and conduct of the SLR, while failing to guide researchers in crafting and presenting their findings in an impactful way. This paper offers an integrative review of the widely applied and most recent SLR guidelines in the management domain. The paper adopts a well-established six-step SLR process and refines it by sub-dividing the steps into 14 distinct decisions: (1) from the research question, via (2) characteristics of the primary studies, (3) to retrieving a sample of relevant literature, which is then (4) selected and (5) synthesized so that, finally (6), the results can be reported. Guided by these steps and decisions, prior SLR guidelines are critically reviewed, gaps are identified, and a synthesis is offered. This synthesis elaborates mainly on the gaps while pointing the reader toward the available guidelines. The paper thereby avoids reproducing existing guidance but critically enriches it. The 6 steps and 14 decisions provide methodological, theoretical, and practical guidelines along the SLR process, exemplifying them via best-practice examples and revealing their temporal sequence and main interrelations. The paper guides researchers in the process of designing, executing, and publishing a theory-based and impact-oriented SLR.
Myc derived circRNA promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression via reprogramming fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Wang Shengting , Wang Yufang , Wang Yue , Li Qian , Zeng Kaixuan , Li Xiaoming , Feng Xinghua
Published: May 2023

Myc is a well-known proto-oncogene that is frequently amplified and activated in breast cancer, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the role of circular RNA (circRNA) generated by Myc remains unclear. Herein, we found that circMyc (hsa_circ_0085533) was remarkably upregulated in TNBC tissues and cell lines, which was attributed to gene amplification. Genetic knockdown of circMyc mediated by lentiviral vector significantly inhibited TNBC cell proliferation and invasion. Importantly, circMyc increased cellular triglycerides, cholesterols and lipid droplet contents. CircMyc was detected in both cytoplasm and nucleus, cytoplasmic circMyc could directly bind to HuR protein, facilitating the binding of HuR to SREBP1 mRNA, resulting in increasing SREBP1 mRNA stability. Nuclear circMyc bound to Myc protein, facilitating the occupation of Myc on SREBP1 promoter, leading to increasing SREBP1 transcription. As a result, the elevated SREBP1 increased the expression of its downstream lipogenic enzymes, enhancing lipogenesis and TNBC progression. Moreover, the orthotopic xenograft model showed that depletion of circMyc markedly inhibited lipogenesis and reduced tumor size. Clinically, high circMyc was closely related to larger tumor volume, later clinical stage and lymph node metastasis, functioning as an adverse prognostic factor. Collectively, our findings characterize a novel Myc-derived circRNA controlling TNBC tumorigenesis via regulation of metabolic reprogramming, implying a promising therapeutic target.
Low-Cost Rotor Balance Training Design
Authors: Figueroa Díaz R. A. , Balvantín García A.deJ. , Cruz Alcantar P. , Rangel Lucas L. , Esquer Barahona L. , Ramírez Elías V. A.
Published: May 2023

This work proposes the low-cost design and manufacture of an experimental rotor for specialized undergraduate training in the field of mechanical vibrations. Likewise, the plane balancing methodology is presented using the influence coefficient method. To keep costs low, a commercial rotating element will be used in which balancing planes will be assembled at the ends, ensuring that the rotating system’s nominal speed passes through two of its natural frequencies. This training prototype will improve learning by theoretically and experimentally analyzing the concepts of influence coefficient balancing using an international standard.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sustainable and optimal design of Chinese herbal medicine supply chain network based on risk dynamic regulation mechanism
Authors: Wu Yao , Liu Weiwei
Published: May 2023

We propose a robust fuzzy design model for a sustainable closed-loop supply chain network. The model is based on a risk dynamic regulation mechanism. In this way, we can solve the problem of sudden disruptions and uncertain demand in the supply chain of Chinese herbal medicines. We also develop a hybrid algorithm solution to solve the model and design a resilient supply chain network. The specific steps are as follows: (1) The risk dynamic regulation mechanism is created with strong risk resistance by considering the information sharing platform, facility defense, drying station scheduling, safety stock, and shared inventory. (2) Based on the dynamic risk regulation mechanism, we establish a sustainable Chinese herbal medicine supply chain network design model. Then, we use the robust fuzzy method and the epsilon constraint to deal with the uncertainty and integrate the model. (3) We introduce opposition-based learning, cosine convergence factor, and levy flight to the original Whale and Grey wolf algorithms to obtain the Hybrid algorithm, which is used to solve the processed model. The results show the model and algorithm proposed in this paper have strong applicability and advantages in designing closed-loop supply chain networks for Chinese herbal medicine and provide references for relevant decision-makers.
Wellbeing
Authors: Layard Richard , De Neve Jan-Emmanuel
Published: May 2023

What produces a happy society and a happy life? Thanks to the new science of wellbeing, we can now answer this question using state-of-the-art empirical evidence. This transforms our ability to base our decisions on the outcomes that matter most, namely the wellbeing of us all including future generations. Written by two of the world's leading experts on the economics of wellbeing, this book shows how wellbeing can be measured, what causes it and how it can be improved. Its findings are profoundly relevant to all social sciences, including psychology, economics, politics, behavioural science and sociology. A field-defining text on a new science that aims to span the whole of human life, this will be an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate students, policy-makers and employers, who can apply its insights in their professional and private lives. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
A behavioural investigation of the substitution phenomenon between tax-sheltered savings plans
Authors: Berger Leslie , Farrar Jonathan , Zhang Lu , Andrejkow Joanna
Published: May 2023

We provide behavioral insights into the economic substitution phenomenon among front-loaded and back-loaded tax-sheltered savings plans. We conduct three behavioral studies with adult Canadian participants to show experimentally that substitution can occur and to explain why substitution can occur. The first study shows that participants transfer savings from a front-loaded plan to a back-loaded plan when the latter becomes available, consistent with a substitution effect. The second study examines how participants trade-off two unique features of back-loaded and front-loaded savings plans. Our results indicate that participants favor the back-loaded tax feature and a variable contribution limit (offered in a front-loaded plan). As participants prefer one feature from each type of plan, this finding can help explain why substitution occurs. The third study provides participants a categorization task with various household budgeting items, including savings items. Results show that 68.1% of participants categorize multiple tax-sheltered savings plans in the same mental account, again consistent with a substitution effect under a budget constraint. As both tax-sheltered savings plans in Canada are used for different purposes, this finding shows that participants tend not to distinguish between the purpose of saving in each account, consistent with a substitution phenomenon.
Axisymmetric column collapses of bi-frictional granular mixtures
Authors: Man Teng , Zhang Zaohui , Huppert Herbert E. , Galindo-Torres Sergio A.
Published: May 2023

The behaviour of granular column collapses is associated with the dynamics of geohazards, such as debris flows, landslides and pyroclastic flows, yet their underlying physics is still not well understood. In this paper, we explore granular column collapses using the sphero-polyhedral discrete element method, where the system contains two types of particles with different frictional properties. We impose three different mixing ratios and multiple different particle frictional coefficients, which lead to different run-out distances and deposition heights. Based on our previous work and a simple mixture theory, we propose a new effective initial aspect ratio for the bi-frictional granular mixture, which helps unify the description of the relative run-out distances. We analyse the kinematics of bi-frictional granular column collapses and find that deviations from classical power-law scaling in both the dimensionless terminal time and the dimensionless time when the system reaches the maximum kinetic energy may result from differences in the initial solid fraction and initial structures. To clarify the influence of initial states, we further decrease the initial solid fraction of granular column collapses, and propose a trial function to quantitatively describe its influence. Due to the utilization of a simple mixture theory of contact occurrence probability, this study can be associated with the friction-dependent rheology of granular systems and friction-induced granular segregations, and further generalized to applications with multiple species of particles in various natural and engineering mixtures.
Reduced kinetic model of polyatomic gases
Authors: Kolluru Praveen Kumar , Atif Mohammad , Ansumali Santosh
Published: May 2023

Kinetic models of polyatomic gas typically account for the internal degrees of freedom at the level of the two-particle distribution function. However, close to the hydrodynamic limit, the internal (rotational) degrees of freedom tend to be well represented just by rotational kinetic energy density. We account for the rotational energy by augmenting the ellipsoidal statistical Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (ES–BGK) model, an extension of the BGK model, at the level of the single-particle distribution function with an advection–diffusion–relaxation equation for the rotational energy. This reduced model respects the$H$theorem and recovers the compressible hydrodynamics for polyatomic gases as its macroscopic limit. As required for a polyatomic gas model, this extension of the ES–BGK model not only has the correct specific heat ratio but also allows for three independent tunable transport coefficients: thermal conductivity, shear viscosity and bulk viscosity. We illustrate the effectiveness of the model via a lattice Boltzmann method implementation.
Habitat destruction threatens jaguars in a mixed land-use region of eastern Bolivia
Authors: Meißner René , Blumer Moritz , Weiß Merlin , Beukes Maya , Aramayo Ledezma Gabriel , Condori Callisaya Yannet , Aramayo Bejarano José Luis , Jansen Martin
Published: May 2023

Large carnivores such as the jaguarPanthera oncaare particularly susceptible to population decline and local extinction as a result of habitat loss. Here we report on the long-term monitoring of a local jaguar population in a mixed land-use area in the eastern lowlands of Bolivia from March 2017 to December 2019. We recorded 15 jaguar individuals and four reproduction events (five offspring from three females), suggesting that our study area harbours a resident breeding population. Seven iterations of spatially explicit capture–recapture models provided density estimates of 1.32–3.57 jaguars per 100 km2. Jaguar capture rates were highest in forested areas, with few to no jaguar captures in pastures used for livestock. Massive deforestation after the survey period reduced the proportion of dense forest cover by 33%, shrinking the availability of suitable jaguar habitat and placing the resident jaguar population at risk. We use the jaguar as an indicator species to highlight the threat of habitat destruction in the Chiquitano region and we emphasize the importance of intact forest patches for jaguar conservation.
Life after life: Mullā Ṣadrā on death and immortality
Authors: Faruque Muhammad U.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this article is twofold: first, I will reconstruct Mullā Ṣadrā's complex arguments for the soul's immortality based on its immaterial nature. Second and finally, I will briefly probe and assess various epistemological and metaphysical objections against Ṣadrā's immaterialist conception of the soul. Ṣadrā contends that our bodily death marks an awakening to the reality of our consciousness on the plane of the imaginal realm (the imaginal world is an isthmus between the sensible world and the world of intelligible forms). For Ṣadrā, ‘death’ does not mark an end or discontinuity in human consciousness, rather it signifies an awakening to a new mode of existence in which the soul, having once been the active principle controlling the actions of the physical body, now manifests itself as the passive recipient of the form given to it by its imaginal reality – a reality shaped by the actions it had performed in its earthly, embodied state. Thus, death is seen as the passage of the soul from the sensible to the imaginal world, until the soul unites with the intelligible world (ʿālam al-ʿaql).
(Re)shaping Literary Canon in the Soviet Indigenous North
Authors: Smola Klavdia
Published: May 2023

In this article I demonstrate how in the post-Thaw period—the period of “soft” socialist realism—the northern indigenous minorities began to (re)invent literary writing and manifest their own version of the canon. Due to the lack of a pre-Soviet written literary tradition, “young” literatures were born as a symbiosis of folklore, beliefs, indigenous-Christian customs and the surrogate literary tradition of the Russian-European center: the Soviet “master plot.” Having graduated from universities in Moscow or Leningrad, the first generations of writers “(re)invented” a view of themselves as simultaneously native and Other. A consequence of the fact that the authors internalized the role of the youngest “brother” was, among others, the amalgamation of children's and adults' narrative and pedagogical zeal, which combined folklore ethics with socialist realist moralism. The study is of a transitional time: before the local authors had experienced a cardinal reevaluation of their values during perestroika and afterwards.
National Form: The Evolution of Georgian Socialist Realism
Authors: Andronikashvili Zaal
Published: May 2023

In this article, I tell the history of the “national form” of Georgian socialist realism, in light of a theoretical question: Was a national (peripheral) socialist realism possible, or did it only vary the forms created at the center? If it was possible, then what were its specifics, its differences from “central” socialist realism? Furthermore, did it have a reverse impact on multinational Soviet literature? I will demonstrate that “peripheral” socialist realism not only varied the forms created at the center but generated its own forms in a complex interaction of national tradition, modernism (national, European, and Russian), and central socialist realism. I examined a form that is specific to Georgian socialist realism, the “Great Georgian Novel,” an amalgam of history and myth that interprets the history of Georgia; its “metanarrative.” I analyze the development of the national form from the beginning of the socialist realism exemplified by the poetic collection The New Colchis (1937) (the historicization of mythology), the historical novels of Konstantine Gamsakhurdia (1939–56), the mythologization of history to the literary de-Stalinization exemplified by the Novels by Otar Chiladze (A Man Went Down the Road, 1973), and Chabua Amirejibi (Data Tutashkhia, 1972–75).
Global Maps of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Depletions Based on FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 Ion Velocity Meter Plasma Density Observations
Authors: Zakharenkova Irina , Cherniak Iurii , Braun John J. , Wu Qian
Published: May 2023

FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 is the largest equatorial multi‐satellite constellation of six full‐size satellites to study the equatorial ionosphere. Each satellite is equipped by an ion velocity meter (IVM) instrument to provide high rate in situ plasma density observations along the low‐inclined satellite orbits at ∼530–550 km altitude. Six satellites provide an unprecedented dense coverage of the entire equatorial region around the globe and allow reliable detection of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) and plasma density irregularities at different local times/longitudinal sectors simultaneously. We present a method for detection of EPBs in FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 in situ plasma density data and construction of the global maps of EPB geolocations. The results in the form of time series and IVM‐based global Bubble Maps have a great potential for both near real‐time monitoring of space weather conditions and long‐term statistical analysis of EPB occurrence in regional or global scales. We present first FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 derived climatological characteristics of the post‐sunset and post‐midnight EPBs occurrence probability and their apex altitudes during a period of low solar activity. Also, we demonstrate the good performance of the FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 IVM‐based Bubble Maps when compared to optical images and ground‐based ionosonde observations.
Can One Predict Coronal Mass Ejection Arrival Times With Thirty‐Minute Accuracy?
Authors: Tóth Gábor , van der Holst Bart , Manchester Ward
Published: May 2023

J. Schmidt and Cairns (2019, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1905.08961) have recently claimed that they can predict Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) arrival times with an accuracy of 0.9 ± 1.9 hr for four separate events. They also stated that the accuracy gets better with increased grid resolution. Here, we show that combining their results with the Richardson extrapolation (Richardson & Gaunt, 1927, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1927.0008), which is a standard technique in computational fluid dynamics, could predict the CME arrival time with 0.2 ± 0.26 hr accuracy. The CME arrival time errors of this model would lie in a 95% confidence interval [−0.21, 0.61] hr. We also show that the probability of getting these accurate arrival time predictions with a model with a standard deviation exceeding 2 hr is less than 0.1%, indicating that these results cannot be due to random chance. This unprecedented accuracy is about 20 times better than the current state‐of‐the‐art prediction of CME arrival times with an average error of about ±10 hr. Based on our analysis there are only two possibilities: the results shown by J. Schmidt and Cairns (2019, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1905.08961) were not obtained from reproducible numerical simulations, or their method combined by the Richardson extrapolation is in fact providing CME arrival times with half an hour accuracy. We believe that this latter interpretation is very unlikely to hold true. We also discuss how the peer‐review process apparently failed to even question the validity of the results presented by J. Schmidt and Cairns (2019, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1905.08961).
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor measurements in mouse serum and plasma using a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Want Andrew , Morgan James E. , Barde Yves-Alain
Published: May 2023

This study is about the quantification and validation of BDNF levels in mouse serum and plasma using a sensitive immunoassay. While BDNF levels are readily detectable in human serum, the functional implications of these measurements are unclear as BDNF released from human blood platelets is the main contributor to the serum levels of BDNF. As mouse platelets do not contain BDNF, this confounding factor is absent in the mouse. Accordingly, BDNF levels in mouse serum and plasma were found to be indistinguishable at 9.92 ± 1.97 pg/mL for serum and 10.58 ± 2.43 pg/mL for plasma (p = 0.473). These levels are approximately a thousand times lower than those measured in human serum and pre-adsorption with anti-BDNF, but not with anti-NGF or anti-NT3 monoclonal antibodies, markedly reduced the BDNF signal. These results open the possibility to explore the relevance of BDNF levels as a biomarker in accessible body fluids using existing mouse models mimicking human pathological conditions.
Physical layer security analysis using radio frequency‐fingerprinting in cellular‐V2X for 6G communication
Authors: Ayaz Hina , Abbas Ghulam , Waqas Muhammad , Abbas Ziaul Haq , Bilal Muhammad , Nauman Ali , Jamshed Muhammad Ali
Published: May 2023

It is anticipated that sixth‐generation (6G) systems would present new security challenges while offering improved features and new directions for security in vehicular communication, which may result in the emergence of a new breed of adaptive and context‐aware security protocol. Physical layer security solutions can compete for low‐complexity, low‐delay, low‐footprint, adaptable, extensible, and context‐aware security schemes by leveraging the physical layer and introducing security controls. A novel physical layer security scheme that employs the concept of radio frequency fingerprinting (RF‐FP) for location estimation is proposed, wherein the RF‐FP values are collected at different points with in the cell. Then, based on the estimated location, the nearest possible road‐side unit for sending the information signal is located. After this, the effects on secrecy capacity (SC) and secrecy outage probability (SOP) in the presence of multiple eavesdropper per unit time are analysed. It has been shown via simulations that the proposed RF‐FP scheme increases SC by up to 25% for the same signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) values as those of the benchmarks, while the SOP tends to decrease by up to 30% as compared to the benchmark scheme for the same SNR value. Thus, the proposed RF‐FP‐based location estimation provides much better results as compared to the existing physical layer security schemes.
Classification of seasonal dynamics of soil moisture according to satellite data Sentinel-2, Jizzakh region, Uzbekistan
Authors: Rakhmonov S. , Khaidarov A. , Samarkhanov K. , Seidakmatova M. , Komilov U. , Maderbek kyzy A.
Published: May 2023

Regular analysis of soil moisture is important for assessing the condition of soil fertility for adaptation to climate change, for the subsequent determination of the reasons for the deterioration of soil conditions, and for the preservation of sustainable agricultural development. Traditional field methods for studying land are laborious and costly. The aim of this scientific work is to develop an effective methodology for using Sentinel-2 satellite data to analyse changes in the condition of land moisture in the Republic of Uzbekistan, using the example of the pilot region under study in the Jizzakh region. The proposed methodology can be adapted in other regions for the effective monitoring of land resources. To conclude, the process of planning and organizing work on the conservation of crops is greatly simplified. It can be possible to save tens of thousands of hectares of highly productive land in agricultural circulation.
Model and algorithm of creative approaches in determining the average value of soil quality points
Authors: Abdurakhimova Mokhigul , Rakhmonov Kosimdjon , Uspankulov Bekjan
Published: May 2023

The article describes the model and algorithm of creative approaches in determining the value of soil quality points concerning irrigated arable lands used in agriculture. Determining the natural productivity of agricultural lands on a scientific basis in the rational use of the land fund of Uzbekistan also requires qualitative assessment. According to the methods of land valuation, depending on the characteristics that determine soil fertility, is bonitation, namely the establishment of a comparative assessment. It plays an important role in the methodological justification of state land cadastre measures. The criterion of soil bonitation is its natural diagnostic and cultivating process, which affects the results of production. To do this, it will be necessary to conduct a scientifically based natural agricultural zoning, to develop a method of conducting their own land bonitation for large regions in order to apply it strictly within administrative boundaries. Productivity assessments are carried out taking into account the requirements for agricultural crops in a particular area. The identified productivity indicators can also be used to assess irrigated lands where all other crops (except rice and perennial fruit trees) are included in the cotton complex.