bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing Novice Teachers’ Actions and Reactions to Nonharmonic Chilean School Communities of Practice
Authors: Romero Gloria
Published: January 2021

This paper reports a small section of a larger study that uses a mixed-methods approach to examine participation experiences of novice teachers of English in Chile beginning their careers in nonharmonic public, semiprivate, and private school communities. Drawing on Wenger’s framework of communities of practice, this paper reveals that novice teachers come across nonharmonic communities of teachers regardless of the types of schools where they work-that is, schools normally classified by socioeconomic background. As such, new teachers experience varying degrees of challenges that hinder their participation in such school communities. Rather than being a detriment, these nonharmonic communities of practice positively impact novice teachers to strive, including by joining diverse forms of communities, during the first years of teaching.
Einleitung
Authors: Wörsdörfer Anna Isabell
Published: January 2021

Außenseiter – von einflussreichen so­zialen Eliten oder Großgruppen der Regelverletzung bezichtig­te und darum von diesen ausgegrenzte Indi­viduen oder Kleingruppen – scheinen in den modernen westli­chen Gesellschaften allgegenwärtig zu sein, die heutzutage zunehmend von politi­schen, religiösen und sozialen Krisen gepräg­t sind. Der vieler Orten wiederauflebende protektionistische Nationalismus, einhergehend mit Gewalt zwischen Religionen und Ethnien, aber auch der derzeit zu beobachtende Backlash gegen emanzipatorische Bewegungen und egalitäre Veränderungen innerhalb einer Gesellschaft sind nur einige der aktuellen Symptome dieser Konjunktur des Außenseitertums. Dabei hat es Außenseiter fraglos auch in der älteren und jüngeren Geschichte immer gegeben: Die frühneuzeitliche Hexenverbrennung mit klar misogyner Ausrichtung, die ethnisch motivierte Vertreibung der amerikanischen Ureinwohner wie auch der Holocaust in der NS-Zeit – all diese Verfolgungswellen lassen sich als ideologisch geführte Feldzüge etablierter Gruppierungen gegen stigmatisierte und rigoros ausgegrenzte Minderheiten lesen: In allen Manifestationen sind Machtstrukturen wirksam, die in den selbst- und fremdgestifteten, diversen und konkurrierenden Diskursen von Außenseitern und über Außenseiter ihre Spuren hinterlassen haben, denen sich das vorliegende Dossier widmet.
Scruter le réel
Authors: Melay Alexandre
Published: January 2021

Artiste-chercheur, mes recherches-créations interrogent les formes de modernité et les phénomènes de mutations spécifiques  à l’ère de la globalisation et de l’Anthropocène. Des réalisations artistiques qui abordent les thématiques et les problématiques symptomatiques de notre époque contemporaine où se mêlent le réel et l’artificiel. Une œuvre hybride qui se manifeste dans une matérialité affirmée, mélangeant les techniques, les influences, les supports et les temps ; et où les frontières entre les disciplines s’amenuisent, relevant de dispositifs scientifiques, de référence à l’Histoire, alors que d’autres sont plus politiques.
Diventare estranea e marginale
Authors: Nohe Hanna
Published: January 2021

In un momento in cui il discorso politico, sociale e mediatico rappresenta il tema della migrazione e della fuga come socialmente esplosivo, questo articolo analizza come nei racconti di Fra-intendimenti (2010) di Kaha Mohamed Aden la percezione di sé del soggetto migrante venga formata dagli stereotipi che la società di arrivo proietta su loro e come, allo stesso tempo, si rappresenti la vera complessità della realtà vissuta dal soggetto migrante attraverso una doppia referenzialità. Da una parte si ricorrerà alle riflessioni di Edward Said sulla costruzione europea ed egemonica dell’alterità e all’approccio di bell hooks, che si focalizza sulle intersezioni tra race e gender, per evidenziare le percezioni stereotipe della società di arrivo; dall’altra, il concetto di «Terzo Spazio» sviluppato da Homi K. Bhabha per segnalare le dinamiche di comunicazione in contesti migratori contribuirà a mostrare la complessità della realtà sperimentata dal soggetto migrante. Così, il lettore o la lettrice ha la possibilità di cambiare la propria percezione della realtà.
PHOTODEGRADATION OF PHENOL USING N/TiO2 SYSTEM
Authors: GADİROVA Elmina
Published: January 2021

In the article the photochemical dissociation of phenol in the participation of TiO2 nano-particles and methyl-3-aminocrotonate was done for the first time, the period was taken as 60 minutes, the processing of photochemical dissociation was verified by the curves drawn for reaction solution in the UV radiation device and the 60% decomposition of phenol was defined. Light absorption of a system with TiO2 is observed only in the UV area, whereas absorption of a system with N/TiO2 falls on the visible area of the spectrum .
ROBOTIC GASTRECTOMY: TECHNIQUE STANDARDIZATION
Authors: DIAS Andre Roncon , RAMOS Marcus Fernando Kodama Pertille , SZOR Daniel Jose , ABDALLA Ricardo , BARCHI Leandro , YAGI Osmar Kenji , RIBEIRO-JUNIOR Ulysses , ZILBERSTEIN Bruno , CECCONELLO Ivan
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Robotic gastrectomy is gaining popularity worldwide. It allows reduced blood loss and lesser pain. However, it widespread use is limited by the extensive learning curve and costs. Aim: To describe our standard technique with reduced use of robotic instruments. Methods: We detail the steps involved in the procedure, including trocar placement, necessary robotic instruments, and meticulous surgical description. Results: After standardizing the procedure, 28 patients were operated with this budget technique. For each procedure material used was: 1 (Xi model) or 2 disposable trocars (Si) and 4 robotic instruments. Stapling and clipping were performed by the assistant through an auxiliary port, limiting the use of robotic instruments and reducing the cost. Conclusion: This standardization helps implementing a robotic program for gastrectomy in the daily practice or in one`s institution.
The biochemical content and antioxidant capacities of endemic Tanacetum densum (Lab.) Schultz Bip. subsp. laxum, and Tanacetum densum (Lab.) Schultz Bip. subsp. amani Heywood growing in Turkey
Authors: Emre İ.
Published: January 2021

Abstract Medicinal plants have a significant role in preventing and curing several diseases, and Tanacetum L. is one of these plants. The aim of the present study is to determine the fatty acid, lipid-soluble vitamin, sterol, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of Tanacetum densum subsp. laxum and Tanacetum densum subsp. amani, to compare the effect of altitude on the biochemical content and to compare systematically by using fatty acids and phenolics. This study showed that palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) are major sources of saturated fatty acid and oleic acid (C18:1 n9), and linoleic acid (18:2 n6c) and a-linolenic acid (C18:3 n3) are the principal unsaturated fatty acids in the two endemic Tanacetum densum taxa. Also, this study found that the unsaturated fatty acid content (60.11±1.61%) of Tanacetum densum subsp. laxum was higher than the unsaturated fatty acid content (44.13±1.28%) of Tanacetum densum subsp. amani. And also, the ω6/ω3 ratio of Tanacetum densum subsp. laxum (1.74) and Tanacetum densum subsp. amani (1.60) was found to be similar. However, this study determined that the lipid soluble vitamin and sterol content of two endemic Tanacetum taxa are low except for stigmasterol. Present study showed that catechin is principal phenolic in the Tanacetum densum taxa. This study also found that Tanacetum densum subsp. laxum and Tanacetum densum subsp. amani had the highest levels of catechin, vanillic acid, and caffeic acid content though the phenolic amounts, particularly catechin and quercetin, were dissimilar in the T. densum taxa. This study suggested that ecological conditions such as altitude may affect the biochemical content of two endemic Tanacetum densum taxa. Furthermore, the current study determined that two endemic Tanacetum L. taxa had potent radical scavenging capacities and found a correlation between total phenolics and antioxidant activity.
Bovine digital dermatitis in the Brazilian Amazon biome and topical treatment with Copaifera reticulata oil
Authors: Bomjardim Henrique A. , Oliveira Mariana C. , Brito Marilene F. , Oliveira Carlos M.C. , Monteiro Bruno M. , Silveira Natalia S.S. , Barbosa José D.
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT: Bovine Digital Dermatitis (BDD) was studied in crossbred dairy cows grazing in Rondon do Pará, in the state of Pará, as well as in Açailândia and Cidelândia, in the state of Maranhão, Brazilian Amazon biome. The digits inspection from the dairy cows during milking was performed in ten farms comprising four visits (August and November 2016; April and July 2017). The cows were kept all year in pastures, and were mechanically milked on concrete floors and the animals were protected against the rains in eight farms, maintaining a daily cleaning, however, it could not be found a concrete floor in pre- or post-milking to ensure milking parlor on three farms. Manual milking on no concrete floors was performed in two farms. No preventive measures against hoof lesions were adopted. The BDD prevalence was 1.3% (22/1664), and no statistical difference among rainy or no rainy season was obtained (p = 0.72). The BDD lesions were classified according to “M system” (M0 = no lesion, M1 = active ulceration <2cm, M2 = active ulceration >2cm, M3 = healing stage, M4 = chronic stage, M4.1 = M4 with active ulceration). Regarding the 22 BDD lesions observed, 22.7% (5/22) were M1 stage, 36.4% (8/22) M2, 22.7% (5/22) M3, 13.6% (3/22) M4 and 4.5 (1/22) M4.1. Hypertrophic hairs at the edges of the lesions caused by fly larvae of genus Cochliomyia spp. as well as alterations on the hoof were also observed. Topical treatment was performed in six BDD lesions with a raw extract from trees of the genus Copaifera reticulata (Copaiba oil) and compared with the treatment of salicylic acid paste in five BDD lesions. The lesions were protected with a bandage for seven days and followed weekly until recovery. The complete therapeutic responses were 83.4% (5/6) and 75% (3/4), respectively, with an average time of seven weeks. The BDD in the Amazon biome occurs in low prevalence, not seasonal, and presents macro and microscopic features similar to BDD lesions from dairy cattle kept in free-stall housing. The treatment with copaiba oil showed similar results to the treatment of salicylic acid paste and can be used in control measures to BDD in the Amazon biome.
Mapping of medical schools: the distribution of undergraduate courses and annual vacancies in Brazilian cities in 2020
Authors: Pereira Douglas Vinícius Reis , Fernandes Daniel de Lima Ruas , Mari Julia Ferreira , Lage Ana Luiza de Faria , Fernandes Ana Paula Pinheiro Chagas
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Introduction: The number of medical schools in Brazil, as well as the number of vacancies offered at these schools, has grown considerably in the last few years. Since 2013, this increasehas aimedat reaching especially the rural and underserved areas of the country. Objective: Considering that there are many different interests concerning this debate and that this reality directly influences the education and health policies of the country, the aim of this study was to evaluate the number and the distribution of the medical courses,as well as vacancies in these schools in 2020, presenting an updated overview of the Brazilian medical schools. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, based on data gathered from the Brazilian Ministry ofEducation and Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) website. The utilized variables were the number of courses, number of vacancies offered in each course, characteristics of the cities where the medical schools are located, such as population size, Human Development Index (HDI) and distance to the capital city of each state. Results: Among the institutions that have already initiated their activities, there are 328 active courses, offering 35.480 vacancies for Medical School applicants. There is a difference when analyzing public or private institutions and paid or tuition-free institutions. There is a greater offer of paid courses (74,1%) and of courses located in the countryside (69,8%). Among the courses in the countryside, 27,8% of the vacancies are offered within 100 km of the capital city. Only 7,9% of the annual vacancies are offered in cities with a medium HDI, and the remainder are offered in cities with high or very high HDI. The increase in HDI is related to the higher proportion of private courses offering medical vacancies. It was observed that there is no correspondence between the absolute number of vacancies and the population of the North region, differentfrom what occurs in the other regions of the country. Conclusions: Medical training is under many influences, such as economic and political trends. This discussion needs to consider the regionalization and democratization of access. It was observed that public institutions tend to be located in municipalities that are farther away from the capitals. Even though there is now greater homogeneity between the regions, the Southeast still concentrates almost half of the vacancies in medical courses. Also, the increase in the number of vacancies in private courses brings up the reflection about the socioeconomic profile of medical students who have the opportunity to gain access to this level of education.
Nursing Now campaign and its impact on nursing education in a federal university
Authors: Santos Rúbia Knobeloch dos , Macedo Eluiza , Araujo Bárbara Rodrigues , Lima Ana Amélia Antunes , Linch Graciele Fernanda da Costa , Caregnato Rita Catalina Aquino
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the actions developed by a group in the Nursing Now campaign and its impact on nursing education. Method: It is an experience report about the execution of the work group formed by nurse professors, nursing academics and master's students at a federal university in Brazil focusing on the Nursing Now campaign, developing actions in the second half of 2019. Results: The actions developed involve the creation of a work group and the active participation of the group in four major events resulted in the visibility and appreciation of the work developed by the profession. Conclusion: The organized group promoted actions that had a positive impact inside and outside the University, expanding visibility to the profession and the actions developed. The academic environment, associated to the worldwide mobilization of the campaign, promoted a favorable context for the debate about the valorization of the category and leadership in nursing.
Management of liquid swine manure: impact on mineral nitrogen dynamics and corn yield
Authors: Basso Claudir José , Pinto Marlo Adriano Bison , Gonzatto Rogério , Pujol Stefen Barbosa , Souza Fernanda Marcolan de
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT The agronomic efficiency of liquid swine manure (LSM) depends on the use of strategies to mitigate nitrogen (N) losses after its application to the soil, and thus preserve its fertilizing potential. In order to evaluate the injection of LSM into the soil and the addition of a nitrification inhibitor, as ways to increase its efficiency as a N source to the corn crop in the no-tillage system, an experiment was carried out under an Aluminofferic Red Latosol. The used treatments were: one control, surface application (total area) of LSM, injection of LSM in furrows, surface application (total area) of LSM + dicyandiamide (DCD), injection of LSM + DCD in furrows, and mineral fertilization. The mineral N in the soil and number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, 1,000-grain mass and grain yield for corn were evaluated. One day after the application of the treatments, the recovery of the mineral N in the soil with the injection of LSM exceeded by 10 kg ha-1 that observed with the superficial application. With DCD, the recovery of anionic forms (NO2- and NO3-) in the soil was lower in the first 20 days after the application, with the change in the N dynamics caused by DCD resulting in a higher content of mineral N at 30 days after sowing. The transformation rate for the anionic forms of mineral N in the soil is reduced with the addition of DCD. The injection of LSM with DCD does not differ from mineral fertilization, in terms of corn grain yield.
Contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of invasive Tridax procumbens
Authors: Andriana Yusuf , Xuan Tran Dang
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Tridax procumbens is an invasive weed with a strong allelopathic activity. In this study, the contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens was evaluated against Raphanus sativus. Phenolic acids (benzoic, ellagic and ferulic), vanillin and dimethyl sulfone were identified and quantified from the strongest fraction of T. procumbens, in an allelopathic assay by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens, expressed as a total activity, was evaluated by comparing the IC50 value to the concentration of each allelochemical, in a completely randomized design. The benzoic acid presented the strongest inhibitory effect (115 mg kg-1) and the highest contribution (0.483) to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens, followed by vanillin, dimethyl sulfone and ferulic acid.
Genome size and repetitive sequences are driven by artificial selection on the length of the vegetative cycle in maize landraces from Northeastern Argentina
Authors: Realini María Florencia , Poggio Lidia , Cámara-Hernández Julián , González Graciela Esther
Published: January 2021

Abstract Variation in genome size and knob heterochromatin content was explored in relationship to altitudinal cline and length of the vegetative cycle in northern Argentina, USA and Mexico landraces. It was considering that the decrease in DNA and heterochromatin content could be an adaptation to a shorter growing season and the result of artificial selection by man. Guaraní landraces from Northeastern Argentina (NEA) show similar variation in genome size (3.81pg to 7.56pg) and knob heterochromatin content than maize growing across an altitudinal cline. The present analysis offers an overview of the genetic variability of NEA maize to explain why Guaraní landraces and those along an altitudinal cline share this similar variation. Karyotype and flow cytometry data were employed. The DNA content of Guaraní landraces which lacking B chromosomes, showed no significant relationship with knob heterochromatin, suggesting differences in the amount of interspersed DNA. A significant positive relationship was found between the length of the vegetative cycle and both number and percentage of knob heterochromatin. No significant correlation was found between genome size and vegetative cycle. All these results allow us to conclude that the variation in heterochromatin content among Guaraní maize is driven by the selection of farmers for flowering time.
Assessing the genetic diversity of Myrsine umbellata (Primulaceae) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest remnants - an important step towards reforestation efforts
Authors: Spadeto Micheli Sossai , Maciel Thais Lazarino , Carrijo Tatiana Tavares , Ferreira Marcia Flores da Silva , Fontes Milene Miranda Praça
Published: January 2021

Abstract The investigation of genetic diversity in natural populations of species that show potential for use in reforestation programs is a key step in making management decisions. However, reforestation programs with native species in Brazil are still rarely based on a genetic understanding of the seed matrices used for seedling production. This is also the case for Myrsine umbellata, a dioecious shrub within the family Primulaceae that has been used in reforestation programs in Brazil, mainly due to its high production capacity of fruits attractive to the avifauna. The goal of this study was to measure intra- and interpopulational genetic diversity in natural populations of M. umbellata in six forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest using ISSR markers. The results revealed that the intrapopulational genetic diversity was greater than the genetic diversity among the studied populations. For this reason, the cultivation of seedlings from seeds obtained in more than one population seems the most appropriate strategy for reforestation purposes. Even though the most isolated populations are also the ones with highest genetic structure, all populations of M. umbellata included in this study revealed to be an important germplasm bank conserved in situ.
Flora of Ceará, Brazil: Cabombaceae
Authors: Matias Lígia Queiroz , Nascimento Hugo Pereira do
Published: January 2021

Abstract The present study analyzed taxa of the family Cabombaceae occurring in the state of Ceará. Only Cabomba species was represented, with C. aquatica and C. haynesii recorded in the state. Populations occur in permanent and temporary lentic environments, such as lagoons and shores of lotic systems. This work presents taxon identification keys, morphological descriptions, illustrations, comments and geographic distribution data.
POR UMA ÉTICA NAS PRODUÇÕES AUDIOVISUAIS NA CIBERCULTURA: A INFÂNCIA EM VÍDEOS VIRAIS
Authors: Silva Perseu , Pereira Rita Marisa Ribes
Published: January 2021

RESUMO Este texto busca problematizar as imagens de crianças que circulam em vídeos on-line, propagando-se numa escala vertiginosa conceituada como viral. Que imagens de infância circulam? O que faz da criança uma imagem que viraliza? Que alteridade pauta a relação entre a criança que é filmada e aqueles que a filmam? Que ética baliza a produção e a circulação desses vídeos? Para enfrentar tais questões, trazemos uma discussão sobre vídeos virais que circulam nas redes e, mais amiúde, a análise crítica de dois vídeos para, a partir deles, buscar elementos para a construção de um agir responsável.
OLHAR CUIDADOSO: UMA PESQUISA VISUAL COM CRIANÇAS
Authors: Luttrell Wendy
Published: January 2021

RESUMO Este artigo se baseia em um projeto etnográfico visual longitudinal com crianças de comunidades pobres e da classe trabalhadora em Worcester, Massachusetts, aos quais foram dadas câmeras descartáveis para que fotografassem as vidas de suas famílias, escolas e comunidades. A pesquisa interessava-se por considerar quais eram os possíveis papéis exercidos por gênero, raça, etnia e classe, bem como pelo status de imigrantes, na forma como jovens (de 10, 12, 16 e 18 anos) representavam suas vidas. Foca-se no poder de suas contranarrativas de cuidado, que questionam as representações dominantes a eles impostas e apresentam o cuidado como bem social necessário à sociedade civil de um modo que não pode ser subestimado.
REFORMAS EDUCATIVAS EN CHILE: UNA MIRADA DESDE EL ENFOQUE DE GÉNERO
Authors: Bernal Raquel del Carmen Flores , Nogueira Emivaldo Silva , Álvarez Viviana Rebufel
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las reformas del sistema educativo en Chile entre los años 1965 bajo el gobierno de Eduardo Frei Montalva; 1973, con Salvador Allende Gossens; y 1981, con la privatización y la municipalización de la educación durante el régimen militar de Augusto Pinochet Ugarte. Estos tres momentos políticos hicieron cambios importantes en la educación en Chile, expandiendo y estableciendo parámetros educativos que cruzaron esos momentos históricos y han llegado a nuestros días. Sin embargo, dentro de este tema, la cuestión de género fue poco discutido. Por lo tanto, en este estudio, analizaremos cómo la educación, en estos tres períodos históricos, enfrentó el tema del género y las desigualdades educativas existentes entre hombres y mujeres.
American Regionalism and Brazilian Diplomatic Discourse (1946-2019)
Authors: Rocha Felipe Ferreira de Oliveira , Medeiros Marcelo de Almeida
Published: January 2021

Abstract In this article, we analyse the content of the speeches delivered by Brazilian Presidents, Foreign Ministers and Ambassadors at annual Ordinary Sessions of the United Nations General Assembly in the period between 1946 and 2019. Our primary objective is to find out how often and under what circumstances Brazilian diplomats mentioned the subject of American regionalism and whether the mention was made in reference to specific projects or to abstract concepts of regional integration and cooperation. Based on this analysis, we highlight the great deal of importance that was given to MERCOSUR – and, to a lesser extent, UNASUR – to the detriment of other regional integration projects, as well as the preference, by Brazilian diplomats, for a flexible, low-profile, abstract and low-cost discursive approach. In short, we found that cooperation and integration have frequently been discussed, although little attention has been devoted to the limits and possibilities of each project under construction.
Two Decades of Aníbal Quijano’s Coloniality of Power, Eurocentrism and Latin America
Authors: Gandarilla Salgado José Guadalupe , García-Bravo María Haydeé , Benzi Daniele
Published: January 2021

Abstract Aníbal Quijano has been one of the most astute and purposeful Latin American social theorists of the second half of the 20th century. His pioneering essays on the ‘Coloniality of Power’ not only inspired the project of Modernity/Coloniality/Decoloniality, but have also influenced countless intellectuals and activists who were not necessarily involved in the so-called ‘Decolonial Turn.’ While Quijano has not left behind a text in which all of the characteristics of his theory on ‘Coloniality’ are systematised, it can be argued that the lengthy essay ‘Coloniality of Power, Eurocentrism and Latin America,’ published for the first time twenty years ago, was intended to provide such an overview of his thought. The purpose of this forum is to critically debate the legacy of the Peruvian sociologist during a period which Quijano himself later described as the ‘Root Crisis of the Coloniality of Global Power.’ In the first section, José Gandarilla presents the Latin American antecedents and precursors of the use of the term ‘Coloniality.’ Next, Haydeé García reflects on the interdisciplinary perspective in Aníbal Quijano, the weight of totality, and its historical articulations. Finally, Daniele Benzi opens up and addresses some queries regarding ‘colonial/modern and Eurocentered capitalism,’ from the perspective of macro-historical sociology.
Man and Beast: Lamartine's Contribution to French Animal Literature
Authors: Hastings Hester
Published: January 2021

The development of French literature about animals has been studied up to the year 1800. In the nineteenth century its character changed. Until then the story was chiefly one of philosophical debates about the souls of beasts, about animal behavior—whether it be mechanical, instinctive, intelligent, sentimental,— the virtue and vice of animals, their inferiority to or superiority over man. The second half of the 18th century saw the final defeat of animal mechanism and the general acceptance of the idea that animals suffer. Then a sentimental humanitarianism developed which denounced hunting, meat-eating, vivisection, and any form of cruelty to animals. The idea that animals are the friends and servants of man became popular and with it the opinion that man owed them kindness and gratitude. Finally, cruelty to animals came to be looked upon as a menace to human society, and pleas were heard for legislation for the protection of animals. The approach to the subject was philosophical, didactic, sentimental. The great and original contribution of the 18th century was the formulation and wide support of an ethical principle.
L'inquiétude Chez Antoine de Saint Exupéry
Authors: Fermaud Jacques
Published: January 2021

On se souvient de la visite que, dans Vol de Nuit, la femme de Fabien, pilote disparu, fait à Rivière, directeur de la Compagnie de Navigation aérienne:

En face de Rivière se dressait, non la femme de Fabien, mais un autre sens de la vie. Rivière ne pouvait qu'écouter, que plaindre cette petite voix, ce chant tellement triste, mais ennemi. Car ni Faction, ni le bonheur individuel n'admettent le partage: ils sont en conflit. Cette femme . . . exigeait son bien et elle avait raison. Et lui aussi, Rivière, avait raison, mais il ne pouvait rien opposer a la vérité de cette femme. Il découvrait sa propre vérité, a la lumière d'une humble lampe domestique, inexprimable et inhumaine.
The Background and Sources of Remy Belleau's Pierres Précieuses
Authors: Holmes Urban T.
Published: January 2021

Remy Belleau, whom Ronsard himself once characterized as the seventh poet of the Pléiade, is a very familiar name to us, and indeed we continue to read certain of his poems with pleasure year after year. Yet, as Chamard has recently remarked in his Histoire de la Pléiade, “l'éclat radieux dont brille le chef de la Pléiade [Ronsard] a fait un peu perdre de vue ses compagnons: depuis quelques dix ou douze ans il semble qu'ils soient éclipsés.” Certainly little has been written on Belleau since the book by Alexandre Eckhardt and an article by Georges Prévot. These studies date from the time of the last war. In the pages which follow I shall try to reexamine some of the influences which could have affected Belleau's composition of his Amours et Nouveaux eschanges des Pierres Précieuses. From this we will turn to a brief survey of the sources of his lapidary material. This last was discussed in 1886 by R. Besser, but I feel that Besser did not always conduct his study systematically without parti pris. My own investigation of sources was made entirely independent of that of Besser, at the outset.
Hamlet and Fortinbras
Authors: Lawrence William Witherle
Published: January 2021

The tragic history of the royal house of Denmark opens with an episode which seems today, on any rational basis, absurd. Horatio tells Marcellus and Bernardo on the castle terrace at midnight that the elder Fortinbras, King of Norway, challenged Hamlet's father to single combat, agreeing to forfeit all his lands if vanquished, and that the Danish king put up an equal stake. In the ensuing encounter Fortinbras was slain. The elder Hamlet thus appears as a reckless champion, risking life and lands on personal valor, rather than as a careful guardian of his domain. Nowadays, if we give this a thought, we are likely to dismiss it as an odd custom, familiar from Viking days and the time when knighthood was in flower. It is indeed one of the archaic features of the old tale of Amleth which survived into Shakespeare's pages, but it still had, in the Elizabethan age, a validity which is not always realized. Although it is only a small piece in the great tapestry of Hamlet, it will repay, I think, some special examination.
Jean-Pierre Camus, Evêque de Belley
Authors: Storer Mary Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

If one studies rather attentively either the religious trends or the minor literary movements of seventeenth-century France, one constantly runs across the name of Jean-Pierre Camus, bishop of Belley, and yet one finds that adequate investigation of his work has not yet been undertaken. He does have, however, several claims to our attention. More exactly than any of his contemporaries, he interpreted the spirit of saint François de Sales. Fifty years before Quietism was introduced into France, he wrote at length and with discernment about pure love. He was famous in his day for his fearless attacks on the monastic orders; at the same time, Richelieu considered him one of his most valuable allies in his efforts to reconcile the Protestants and the Catholics. For all intents and purposes, he invented the religious novel, a genre which in our century has again become important in France. Finally he has the rather doubtful honor of being one of the three or four most prolific writers of France.
Paul Valéry on Pascal
Authors: Douglas Kenneth N.
Published: January 2021

As his contribution to the Pascal tercentenary number of the Revue Hebdomadaire, dated July 14, 1923, Paul Valéry chose to make public an attack on Pascal that was impious in its brevity. He entitled it “Variation sur une ‘Pensée’,” and took for his theme “Le silence éternel de ces espaces infinis m'effraie.” Valéry's own recent and perhaps fleeting fame as a lyric poet did not in everyone's eyes qualify him for the task. Some even among his admirers felt that so antithetical a spirit must inevitably fail to understand Pascal. For the skeptic confronts the believer, the idolator of the intellect its depreciator.
Milton's Influence on Wordsworth's Early Sonnets
Authors: McNulty John Bard
Published: January 2021

In the Advertisement to the volume of his collected sonnets, published in 1838, Wordsworth wrote:

My admiration of some of the Sonnets of Milton, first tempted me to write in that form. The fact is … mentioned … as a public acknowledgment of one of the innumerable obligations, which, as a Poet and a Man, I am under to our great fellow-countryman.
Caliban the Bestial Man
Authors: Hankins John E.
Published: January 2021

The character of Caliban continues to be a source of speculation to readers of The Tempest, but gradually we are learning those elements of sixteenth-century thought which suggested him to Shakespeare. Some years ago Mr. Morton Luce pointed out that Caliban can be viewed in three separate ways: 1) as a hag-born monstrosity, 2) as a slave, and 3) as a savage, or dispossessed Indian. The second of these ways may be explained by the third, since the English could read many accounts of the manner in which the Spaniards had reduced the Indians to slavery. But, while Caliban worships a Patagonian god, he is the child of an African witch from Argier (Algiers). This would seem to indicate that Shakespeare is not trying to represent primarily a red Indian from the New World but has broadened the conception to represent primitive man as a type. The name Caliban, a metathesis of canibal, supports this view, for contemporary voyagers, as well as early travelers from Homer and Herodotus to Mandeville, had found cannibals in many different quarters of the world.
Barrès and Pascal
Authors: Virtanen Reino
Published: January 2021

Reading Mes Cahiers, one is struck by the large share accorded to Pascal in the meditations of Maurice Barrès, a share which does not always appear reflected in Barrès's finished work. Barres tells us that, at twenty, his favorite writers included Rousseau, Chateaubriand, Lamartine, Goethe, Cervantes, and Pascal. But is was not until some time later that Pascal came to be the lode-star of the middle decades of his life. There were readers who linked his Culte du Moi with Pascal's analysis of the self, but such readers did not come until after this Culte du Moi could be retrospectively interpreted in relation to his nationalism and to his increasing impulsion toward Catholicism. It was inevitable that the skeptic and individualist should have been impressed by Pascal as a hero of independent thought. Added to this was the interest naturally felt by the artist and patriot for one of the unchallenged glories of French literature. And when the Lorrainer began to delve among the roots of the Auvergne side of his family, he would not have been the exponent of “la Terre et les Morts,” if his imagination had not been stirred by the fact that Pascal too, was from Auvergne.
The Allegory of the ‘Beare’ and the ‘Foxe’ in Nashe's Pierce Penilesse
Authors: McGinn Donald J.
Published: January 2021

The gossipy, semi-journalistic style of Nashe's Pierce Penilesse made it an immediate best-seller. Between 1592 and 1595, according to Nashe himself, it passed through “at the least … sixe Impressions.” But the author's joy at his sudden success seems to have been somewhat dimmed as the result of a literary indiscretion that plagued him all the rest of his life. In this remarkable pamphlet, for the purpose of illustrating the deadly sin of hypocrisy, he introduces an extended fable or allegory satirizing men in high places. Since he himself considered his “tale of a Battle-dore,” as he facetiously calls it, to be a digression from the main theme of Pierce Penilesse, and hence a unit in itself, it may be treated without reference to its context.
Once a Week Under Samuel Lucas, 1859-65
Authors: Buckler William E.
Published: January 2021

This essay presents an over-all study of Once a Week under its first editor: the origins of the magazine, the scope intended for it by its projectors, the editor and his staff, the contents and contributors, the payments, and the general financial picture, including the expenses, sales, and losses. Occasionally it compares the magazine with two similar and better-known journals: its immediate predecessor, Household Words, and its competitor, All the Year Round.
George Ticknor and Goethe—Boston and Göttingen
Authors: Ryder Frank G.
Published: January 2021

Extensive manuscript materials in the Ticknor Collection at Dartmouth College now make it possible to complete one of the remarkable cultural, scholarly, and personal records of early American letters—the story of George Ticknor's long and devoted pursuit of Goethe. Ticknor's stature as a literary pioneer is, with this further evidence, markedly increased, and there is new light cast on the beginnings of significant American acquaintance with Germany's great poet.
Double or Quits
Authors: Pargellis Stanley
Published: January 2021

Brash indeed is the outsider who ventures to talk to the members of a profession about their professional work. I would never have had the presumption, even after your persuasive Secretary's urgings, had I not thought that perhaps my own problems bore some relation to yours. I order books for a library, and try to order them selectively, buying only what seem to me to be the good books, valuable today and valuable tomorrow. Books written by members of this Association are among those to which, almost daily, I must give some scrutiny, and over the years I have reached this paradoxical conclusion: That while literary scholars in the United States are the most literate of the followers of humanistic disciplines, they produce more bad books than do their colleagues in other fields. They are more literate because they are more widely read, are more civilized, and in general, if not many of them write really well, they write better than, say, most of the people in my own profession of history.
Champions of the Great Tradition
Authors: Keniston Hayward
Published: January 2021

It is a humbling experience to realize, as I speak to you this evening, that I have said many times before the things that are on my mind to say. It is even more humbling to know that all that I can say has been better said by other men before me. But I make no apology for reaffirming my faith that the study of man is the heart of a liberal education, that the understanding of man's spiritual power is our last, best hope in a world distraught. And so tonight I shall try to define what I believe to be the proper scope of that study.
Report of the Trustees and of the Treasurer
Authors: Mildenberger Kenneth W.
Published: January 2021

THE Managing Trustee, Mr. Gordon N. Ray, has asked me to present to you the Report of the Trustees on the status of the MLA endowment funds at the end of the 1968–69 fiscal year. At the close of that period (31 August 1969) the market value of our securities stood at $248,274, compared with $264,763 the year before. The Trustees have approved the actions of the United States Trust Company in the management of the funds.1
Professional Notes and Comment
Authors: Bowers Fredson , Utley Francis Lee , Korshin Paul J. , Cranz F. Edward
Published: January 2021

(On 1 June 1970, Fredson Bowers received a D.Litt. from Brown Univ. The following excerpts from his commencement address to the graduate school explore some of the central issues now facing the MLA. The parts of the speech omitted deal with the history and present state of the movement for a Doctor of Arts degree.)
Hierarchical carbon-coated FeP derived from FeOOH with enhanced sodium-storage performance
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Zhang Wenbo , Zhong Shaoyong , Zhang Mengke , Tao Shuo , Ma Jianru , Li Lizhi , Zhang Wendi , Xie Xiangyun , Zhang Jianmin , Li Dan
Published: January 2021

As an energy-storage material, iron phosphide (FeP) has always been a research hotspot on account of its high theoretical capacity and low ion intercalation potential. However, its practical application is seriously limited by the structural damage and poor conductivity caused by the large volume expansion in the discharge process. In this work, the authors report a method combining hydrothermal synthesis with calcination to prepare a hollow sea-urchin-like FeP@C nanocomposite. The hollow sea-urchin-like structure can effectively alleviate volume expansion resulting from sodium (Na+)-ion intercalation. Carbon (C) coating not only limits the volume expansion and protects the integrity of the electrode structure but also improves electrical conductivity, promotes electron transmission, improves electrode reaction kinetics and thus improves the cycling performance of the FeP@C electrode. As an anode material of sodium-ion batteries, FeP@C showed good electrochemical performance with a capacity of 284.7 mAh/g after 200 cycles at a current density of 200 mA/g.
Perspectivas territoriais de desenvolvimento a partir do Turismo Rural: o caso do território Quarta Colônia/RS, Brasil
Authors: Ceretta Caroline Ciliane , Dotto Dalva Maria Righi , Pons Mônica Elisa Dias , Maysonnave Greicy Sofia
Published: January 2021

Na perspectiva territorial de desenvolvimento, o território da Quarta Colônia de imigração italiana, situado no centro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Brasil, vem investindo na atividade turística para alavancar seu desenvolvimento em consonância com outras atividades produtivas. Como estratégia, o turismo tem sido acionado para compor as narrativas de comercialização e divulgação dos recursos naturais e culturais específicos encontrados no próprio território. Apesar do incentivo público no desenvolvimento da atividade, a criação de rotas e roteiros turísticos não atendeu as expectativas dos empreendedores locais. Neste aspecto, o objetivo principal foi analisar os aspectos que inibiram o processo de desenvolvimento do turismo no território. Metodologicamente, o estudo tem o corte qualitativo e a coleta de informações se deu por meio de fontes primarias e secundárias. Como resultado, o estudo apontou que apesar do apoio governamental, os atores locais não foram inseridos no processo de desenvolvimento do turismo e a fragilidade do capital social impediu que muitas atividades turísticas obtivessem êxito ao longo dos anos. Contudo, o turismo tem retomado seu processo de crescimento impulsionado pelos atores locais que de forma conjunta, preparam e ao mesmo tempo, vivenciam atividades recreativas, trilhas e caminhos rurais, festejos e eventos gastronômicos.
A atividade leiteira em Minas Gerais: a sucessão está em risco?
Authors: Fiúza Ana Louise De Carvalho , Lourenço Lucas Repolês
Published: January 2021

O Estado de Minas Gerais permanece como o maior produtor de leite do Brasil, apesar da clara estagnação em termos da sua capacidade produtiva. O presente artigo teve por objetivo analisar as características socioeconômicas e as práticas de gestão e manejo dos produtores de leite com e sem familiar trabalhando junto consigo na atividade leiteira. Utilizou dados secundários referentes aos Censos agropecuários de 1975, 1995, 2006 e 2017 do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), como também, dados primários gerados a partir de um survey aplicado a 1.611 produtores de leite. A perspectiva teórico-analítica do estudo pautou-se na concepção de prática, compreendida como habitus herdado e adquirido. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram diferenças entre os dois grupos de produtores analisado em termos: 1) do perfil socioeconômico; 2) do tipo de mão- de-obra empregada na propriedade; 3) da faixa de produção diária de leite e, 4) da diversificação das atividades econômicas. Entretanto, o perfil tecnológico de ambos os grupos de produtores não evidenciou contrastes expressivos. Concluiu-se que, embora tenha havido redução no número de estabelecimentos que praticavam a atividade leiteira, em Minas Gerais, entre 1975 e 2017, foi predominante entre os que permaneceram, a presença de familiar de outra geração trabalhando junto com o produtor na atividade. Embora as práticas de gestão e manejo do rebanho não tenham sido características de uma racionalidade econômica, os produtores com familiar o sucedendo na atividade leiteira apresentaram maior tendência à práticas pautadas pela racionalidade econômica.
Aspectos da importância do complexo soja no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Sul: 1997 – 2017
Authors: Costa Nilson Luiz , De Santana Antônio Cordeiro , Coronel Daniel Arruda , Brum Argemiro Luís , Corrêa de Mattos Carlos André
Published: January 2021

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi o de analisar a importância do agronegócio para a economia brasileira e gaúcha, especificamente nas questões relacionadas às exportações e na capacidade de a lavoura de soja estimular negócios nos segmentos de sementes, fertilizantes e defensivos nas distintas mesorregiões do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa pode ser classificada como exploratório-descritiva quanto aos fins e como estudo de caso quanto aos meios. Entre os principais resultados, destaca-se que o agronegócio se constitui em um dos principais segmentos da economia brasileira e a sua importância é comprovada pela capacidade de agregar renda e elevar o saldo comercial até mesmo em momentos de crise econômica. Também foi possível observar que a cadeia produtiva da soja, além de gerar renda e saldo comercial no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Sul, agrega um conjunto de atividades com potencial para estimular as relações econômicas em nível local, se constituindo enquanto atividade catalisadora de negócios e capaz de estimular segmentos da indústria associados a produção de insumos para as lavouras.
Política Urbana como Instituição: complexidades e limitações na implementação do Plano Diretor Participativo de Palmas (2007) para viabilizar uma mudança institucional
Authors: Rodovalho Sarah Afonso , Rocha Silva Mônica Aparecida da
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as complexidades e limitações enfrentadas na implementação do Plano Diretor Participativo de Palmas (2007) para viabilizar uma mudança institucional. Para tanto, utilizou-se o arcabouço teórico do novo institucionalismo, que se mostrou útil para compreensão da Política Urbana no Brasil após a Constituição Federal de 1988, como instituição. Assim foi possível utilizar a teoria geral da mudança institucional (TANG, 2011) como metodologia para analisar o Plano Diretor Participativo de Palmas (2007-2018) sob uma nova lente. Concluiu-se que, considerando as cinco fases da mudança institucional e o objetivo de garantir o cumprimento da função social da cidade e da propriedade urbana, o Plano Diretor Participativo de Palmas (2007) não foi instrumento suficiente para viabilizar uma mudança institucional na política urbana de Palmas. Nas duas últimas fases, a 4 de definição ou configuração das regras, compreendida pela aprovação da lei do Plano Diretor na Câmara Municipal e a 5 de legitimação, estabilização e reprodução da política, que é caracterizada pela implantação do Plano Diretor e Gestão Democrática, não foram completadas. Os obstáculos a mudança institucional se mostraram mais fortes em influenciar a condução destas etapas, mesmo com o avanço das regras formais instituídas por meio dos instrumentos urbanísticos e do sistema de planejamento e gestão urbanos do Estatuto da Cidade e do Plano Diretor Participativo de Palmas (2007).