bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARCHITECTURE DESIGNING OF SOFTWARE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF A CENTRALIZED RELAY PROTECTION AND AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Moiseev Denis V. , Galanina Nataliya A. , Ivanova Nadezhda N.
Published: March 2021

Due to the current state of the development of modern information technologies and the emergence of new international standards IEC 61970 and IEC 61968, additional possibilities for solving problems of automation control of energy objects and creation of digital substation appeared. The digital substation is an electrical network with a control, protection and control system and is based on the transmission of information in digital format. The aim of the study is to design a software package for diagnosis of a RPA digital central system, which is one of the elements of a digital substation. In the article we developed the structure of the software complex, described and grouped the data of a centralized RPA diagnosis system, presented its configuration and also considered the RPA configuration. Recommendations are given on how to configure RPA functions based on analysis of their performance using damage location algorithms and reference algorithms. The algorithm of the digital diagnosis system operation of the centralized RPA system is described, and the flow diagram of the diagnosis digital system of the central RPA system is shown. A working example of the client part of the program in the form of an emergency mode rapid analysis protocol is given. The software complex is currently undergoing testing and is in pilot operation.
ALGORITHM FOR EXAMINING PATIENTS WITH PATHOLOGY OF THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT USING MULTISPIRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Dmitrieva Anastasiya N.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to develop a technique for conducting multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) when examining the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. A prospective analysis of MSCT images was performed in 85 people who were examined at the AI "Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary" under the Ministry of Public Health of the Chuvash Republic in 2015-2019. All patients underwent computed tomography using Light Speed VEX Plus and Light Speed RT 16 devices ("GE", USA) using our modified esophageal and gastric MSCT technique with an emphasis on the esophageal-gastric junction (EGJ). The characteristic quantitative MSCT-signs of the esophageal wall, the stomach, and the EGJ area in the norm, as well as the ones in an abnormal esophageal wall in esophagitis and gastritis are presented. The esophageal wall thickness in the normal condition and esophagitis was 3.12±0.69 mm and 8.16±1.65 mm (p = 0.000, R=0.909), and the maximum external diameter of the abdominal part of esophagus was 14.2±1.68 mm and 17.96±3.7 mm (p = 0.000, R = 0.579), respectively. The ROC analysis revealed a threshold value equal to 5.5 mm for distinguishing the wall thickness values characteristic for the unchanged esophagus and the esophagus with inflammatory pathology (sensitivity-96%, specificity-100%, p = 0.000). The threshold value for the external diameter of the abdominal esophageal segment was 17.5 mm (sensitivity – 64%, specificity – 100%, p = 0.000). The thickness of the stomach wall in the normal condition and in gastritis made 4.6±0.48 mm and 7.52±2.71 mm (p = 0.000, R = 0.673), respectively. At this, the threshold value of this characteristic was equal to 5.5 mm (sensitivity – 87.1%, specificity – 100%). The wall thickness in the area of the cardia in the normal condition was 5.4±1.01 mm, in presence of inflammation – 10.36±1.85 mm (p = 0.000, R = 0.858), the threshold value – 7.5 mm (sensitivity – 95.83%, specificity – 98.04%, p = 0.000). The thickness of individual layers in the unchanged stomach walls did not exceed 2 mm, the thickness of the mucosa was 1.01±0.11 mm.
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: REVIEW OF MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF THE CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Zhuravleva Nadezhda V. , Karzakova Louise M. , Smirnova Tatyana L. , Kudryashov Sergey I. , Lutkova Tatyana S. , Arhipova Anastasia V.
Published: March 2021

A clinical case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is presented. Since childhood the patient had preclinical lupus: leukopenia, anemia, photoallergy, vasculitis, and serological changes a-SS-A (+++), but at that time the findings did not meet the criteria for SLE. At the initial examination of the woman at the age of 24 years, a clinical blood test revealed hemoglobin 101 g/l, leukopenia 3.2×109/l, ESR 41 mm/h, hyper-γ-globulinemia 29%. The immunological blood analysis revealed a-DNA (+++), a-SS-A (+++), aSm (+++), aRNP (+++). The diagnosis was "Systemic lupus erythematosus of chronic (at the beginning) course, activity of the 1st degree (2 points by the SLEDA scale): with hematological disorders (leukopenia), immunological disorders (ANA+)". Metypred was administered at a dose of 16 mg/day, followed by the dose reduction to 6 mg/day and Plaquenil 400 mg/day. The woman received inpatient and outpatient treatment, repeatedly consulted in the Federal State Budgetary Institution "V.A. Nasonova Research Institute" under the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. At the age of 26, the diagnosis was made: "Systemic lupus erythematosus, grade 2 activity with skin lesions of the type of subacute cutaneous lupus, cheilitis, lymphadenopathy", blood tests revealed leukopenia, lymphopenia, anemia, as well as immunological disorders: a-n DNA 93.4 u/ml, aSm > 200 u/ml, aRo > 200 u/ml, C3 0.63 g/l, rheumatoid factor 69.5 mIU/ml, ANA (Нер-2) 1/640 Sp. A complex therapy was performed with the use of Metypred, Cyclophosphane and Azathioprine. Against the background of the therapy, the patient's condition is stable, but immunological disorders are preserved: persistent high positivity for aRo-SS-A and the presence of the rheumatoid factor. The case demonstrates the need for an in-depth examination of women with anemia of unknown origin in combination with leukopenia to exclude systemic diseases of the connective tissue.
Traces of Prisoners of War of the First World War in Chimion (Uzbekistan)
Authors:   Associate professor, Ferghana State University, Sobirov Ne’mat Sobirovich
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the history and fate of the Austro-Hungarian and German prisoners of war of the First World War in Chimion.
The Comparison of Civics Education Learning Outcomes in Collaborative Learning and Cooperative Learning on Cadets of Aviation Polytechnic of Surabaya
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia, . Sudrajat
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to compare the learning outcomes of cadets who were treated with collaborative learning and cooperative learning in aviation polytechnic. The research subjects were ninety-three cadets of the Aviation Polytechnic of Surabaya, divided into a collaborative learning class and a cooperative learning class. The analysis technique was used to compare the two groups calculated statistically. The analysis results showed cadets treated with cooperative learning obtained better learning outcomes than with collaborative learning. Cadets preferred cooperative learning because they were used to collaborating in the learning process in the classroom.
Impact of Specialization, Ownership Structure, and Size on Cost and Profit Efficiency of US Commercial and Savings Banks
Authors: Nawaz Asif
Published: March 2021

Using an unbalanced panel dataset of 5,265 observations from 454 US banks including 394 commercial and 60 savings banks, and Battese and Coelli (1995) Stochastic Frontier model, this study has determined the recent level of cost and profit efficiency estimates of these banks and analysed the impact of specialization, ownership structure, and size on the cost and profit efficiency. The results reveal that the cost efficiency of US commercial and savings banks is statistically higher than the profit efficiency with a score of 92.1% and 63.59% respectively; the global financial crisis did not affect cost efficiency much, but it had a shattering effect on the profit efficiency; the savings banks are more cost efficient than the commercial banks and commercial banks are more profit efficient than savings banks; there is no significant differences between the cost and profit efficiencies of privately and publicly owned banks; foreign banks are less cost and profit efficient compare to their domestic counterparts; and finally, the small banks enjoy higher cost and profit efficiency than their large, medium, and very large counterparts. The other determinants of cost and profit efficiency were found to be expectedly affecting the cost and profit efficiency of US banks.

JEL classification numbers: C33, C67, D22, D24, G01, G21, G32.
Keywords: Cost Efficiency, Profit Efficiency, US Commercial and Savings Banks, Bank Specialization, Ownership Structure, Bank Size.
Access and use of the internet among undergraduate students in the Faculty of Arts, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Anwarul , Hossain Muhammad Jaber
Published: March 2021

The study surveyed the use of Internet among undergraduate students in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. 240 questionnaires were distributed using a stratified sampling method. A total of 190 questionnaires were returned and all were usable. The access point for using Internet among the undergraduates was mostly the computer center of Dhaka University. Findings revealed that a high percentage of the Internet was used among the undergraduates. Some problems they face in their use of the Internet include slow speed of the connection, limited number of PCs and other related issues of using Internet. The study recommends that the university and arts faculty should provide more access points for the students. Departmental computer labs, Internet facilities and incorporating ICT courses in the academic syllabi should be started to those departments where it is needed to overcome the problems. Moreover, modern net connection technologies need to be used and training program needs to be started for the undergraduates.
MODELO DE AVALIAÇÃO DE MATURIDADE DA INDÚSTRIA 4.0: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UM CENTRO DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE MEDICAMENTOS NA BAIXADA FLUMINENSE/RJ
Authors: Machado Jorge Luiz , Gonçalves de Carvalho Wolff Mariana , Silva Moreira Rodrigues Ariele , Carvalho Takenaka Denise , Azevedo Benac Marcos
Published: March 2021

O avanço e aplicação de tecnologias inovadoras e disruptivas nos espaços industriais, está delineando a quarta revolução industrial, ou Indústria 4.0. Dessa forma, o presente artigo apresenta um modelo de maturidade, elaborado por meio do estudo de caso, utilizando o método Delphi adaptado, para avaliar o nível de maturidade de um Centro de Distribuição de Medicamentos na Baixada Fluminense, Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Brasil. O objetivo principal é descrever as tecnologias habilitadoras e mapear o nível de maturidade da logística desse centro de distribuição, sobre a realidade instalada e o potencial da empresa no atendimento dos requisitos da Indústria 4.0. Para isso, utilizou-se a metodologia de desenvolvimento do modelo de Maturidade - German Academy of Science and Engineering (ACATECH), que se baseia em seis etapas: informatização, conectividade, visibilidade, transparência, previsibilidade e adaptabilidade. Apresenta-se ao final do processo um modelo dividido em oito dimensões, agrupadas em três aspectos: Tecnologia, Organização e Pessoas. A aplicação prática do modelo revelou que o nível de maturidade desta empresa ainda não está dentro das práticas e conceitos da Industria 4.0; entretanto, a empresa está no processo de digitalização uma vez que a informação é substituída por componentes e sistemas conectados. Constata-se, então, que a empresa está no nível 2 e precisa homogeneizar todos os processos em sua cadeia de valor, introduzindo o tema “Industria 4.0” nas pautas de planejamento, investimento em tecnologias habilitadoras em toda linha de produção e capacitação continua dos seus colaboradores.
PREVALÊNCIA DE MICRORGANISMOS INDICADORES FECAIS E POTENCIALMENTE PATO-GÊNICOS EM AREIA E RECREAÇÃO INFANTIL EM PARQUE MUNICIPAL DE GUARULHOS-SP
Authors: Ribeiro Sabrina Pereira , Luiza Mello Priscila
Published: March 2021

Introdução: Parques públicos são locais de diversão integrados à sociedade atendendo a população e geralmente são considerados locais seguros. A maior preocupação é no uso correto dos equipamentos disponíveis, para evitar acidentes, e de fato o perigo é menos aparente. Objetivo: Este estudo se concentra no chão do parque infantil como fonte de contaminação microbiana. Método: As Amostras foram processadas no laboratório de microbiologia da Universidade de Guarulhos, e sua análise realizada através de tubos múltiplos e os resultados obtidos foram comparados com a tabela NMP. Resultados: O crescimento de microorganismos na placa de PCA foi incontável e se fez necessárias diluições 10² e 10³.  Conclusão: Se faz necessários parâmetros e leis de controle da qualidade de higiene da areia recreativa que sejam eficazes para controle.
ENCOLHIMENTO BAYESIANO DE COEFICIENTES DE ONDALETAS SOB PRIORI DE CHAMPERNOWNE COM APLICAÇÕES
Authors: Rodrigo dos Santos Sousa Alex
Published: March 2021

Métodos estatísticos bayesianos para encolhimento de coeficientes de ondaletas (wavelet shrinkage) têm sido amplamente utilizados em diversas áreas para redução de ruídos em dados. Neste trabalho, propomos uma mistura da função delta de Dirac com a distribuição de Champernowne como distribuição probabilística a priori para os coeficientes das ondaletas em um problema de regressão não paramétrica. A regra bayesiana de encolhimento associada possui parâmetros de fácil interpretação e seu desempenho em estudos de simulação foi superior aos métodos disponíveis na literatura utilizados para comparação na maioria dos cenários considerados. Aplicações do método em dados de potenciais de ação neuronais e do índice da bolsa de valores de São Paulo (IBOVESPA) são feitas.
OS FUNDAMENTOS DA FÍSICA DINÂMICA, DE WHITEHEAD (TRADUÇÃO AO PORTUGUÊS)
Authors: Ferreira Martins Rafael
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho consiste na apresentação da pioneira primeira tradução ao português do capítulo 2 “Os Fundamentos da Física Dinâmica” (The Foundations of Dynamical Physics), incluindo seus dois apêndices (‘As Leis de Newton do Movimento’ e ‘As Equações de Maxwell’), oriundo da parte 1 “As Tradições da Ciência” (The Traditions of Science), que integra a obra “Um Inquérito Concernente aos Princípios do Conhecimento Natural” (An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Natural Knowledge) –  livro escrito pelo matemático e filósofo Alfred North Whitehead (1861 a 1947) na segunda década do século XX e publicado pela Editora da Universidade de Cambridge em 1919 (atualmente em domínio público). A justificativa para esta tradução é dada pela relevância da obra original, o livro que inaugurou a fase filosófica ampla da carreira de Whitehead, até então dedicada à fundamentação da lógica matemática. No capítulo aqui traduzido, especificamente, Whitehead expõe: reflexões sobre o embasamento teórico da mecânica clássica, relações da mecânica clássica com a teoria do éter material, implicações da pressuposição metafísica do éter material nas equações de Maxwell (e vice-versa), explanações sobre as equações de Maxwell, críticas ao conceito de éter material e, finalizando, propõe o conceito de éter de eventos, em substituição ao éter tradicional. A fonte do texto original, utilizada para o trabalho de tradução, foi a versão digitalizada e disponibilizada online, para livre uso, pela Biblioteca da Universidade da Califórnia.
К ВОПРОСУ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ МЕТАСТРАТЕГИЙ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ В ВУЗЕ
Authors: Анар Сериковна Попандопуло
Published: March 2021

"В статье обобщены требования к уровню подготовки современного выпускника вуза, а также проанализирована взаимосвязь таких понятий, как «познавательные стратегии», «метастратегии», «метапознание». Актуализируется использование личностно-ориентированного подхода в применении метастратегий в обучении, направленного на повышение учебной успешности студентов вуза. Автор считает, что при систематическом развитии и использовании метапознания и взаимосвязи с психолого-педагогическими дисциплинами помогут студентам выработать потребность в постоянном стимулировании развития метастратегий обучения. Что приводит к формированию активной творческой личности, которая будет нуждаться в постоянном поиске новых знаний, формировании новых умений и навыков, поможет сохранить профессионализм на высоком уровне, а также сделать конкурентоспособным и актуальным специалистом в своей области. Рассматривается апробация опросника по использованию метастратегий и познавательных стратегий в процессе обучения студентами вуза в процессе изучения психолого-педагогических дисциплин. "
Формирование гражданской идентичности будущих педагогов
Authors: Асель Ержановна Темербаева  , Айгерим Кажимуратовна Нургалиева  , Жанна Амангелдиевна Темербаева
Published: March 2021

"В статье авторы обращаются к феномену формирования гражданской идентичности у студенческой молодежи. Формирование гражданской личности считается главной задачей социокультурной модернизации общества, в следствие этого этот навык считается актуальным на нынешний день, и дает практическую значение для повышения качественных свойств учебно-воспитательного процесса. Подчеркивается что, стоит концентрировать внимание на том, собственно что в нынешних критериях речь идет не элементарно о поддержании патриотизма и гражданственности подрастающего поколений на базе устойчивой системы ценностей, а как раз о «восстановлении» позитивной гражданской идентичности на новой, пока же ещё лишь только формирующейся базе. Для студенческой молодежи добиться данной уникальной приобретение гражданских ценностей считается проблематическим с существованием передовых противоречий социокультурной действительности. Указана что, формирование гражданской идентичности, как и иные формы идентичности, обхватывающие 4 основных элемента, этих как когнитивный, ценностно-ориентировочный, эмоционально-оценочный и поведенческий. Определение данных групп поработает почвой для консолидации населения государства и станет обеспечивать стабильность страны. Все, собственно, что связано с общественной жизнью общества, считается центральным признаком гражданской идентичности как картины сконцентрированной и обобщенной государства. Гражданскую идентичность личности можно сравнить со стволом могучего дерева, корни которого образуют культуры многонационального народа Казахстана. "
ГРАФ ЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ ДИСЦИПЛИН
Authors: Екатерина Николаевна Гаврилова  , Сабыркүл Мақашқызы Сеитова
Published: March 2021

"В статье раскрываются важные аспекты содержания математических дисциплин в ВУЗе в современных условиях. Актуализируется проблема построения как графа логической структуры математических дисциплин, так и отдельных тем направленных на совершенствование профессиональной компетентности будущих учителей математики. Приведены требования к структуре рабочей учебной программы математических дисциплин на примере Жетысуского университета имени И. Жансугурова. В статье авторы приводят результаты опроса среди преподавателей по выявлению затруднений, испытываемые при преподавании математических дисциплин и в работе со студентами педагогического профиля. Авторы предлагает способы организации учебного процесса для развития профессиональных качеств, знаний, умений и компетенций посредством построения графа логической структуры содержания математических дисциплин так и отдельных ее тем. В статье авторы привели пример построения графа логической структуры содержания темы «Модель критериального оценивания» по дисциплине «Технологии критериального оценивания» для студентов 2 курса специальности 5В010900-«Математика». Построение графа логической структуры каждой темы при преподавании математических дисциплин по программно-целевому принципу, включает значительно меньшее количество элементов, что позволит уменьшить объем изучаемого материала, не уменьшая при этом объема действительно необходимой информации. "
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ МОДЕЛИ ПОДГОТОВКИ ЦИФРОВОГО УЧИТЕЛЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО КОЛЛЕДЖА
Authors: Татьяна Константиновна Клименко  , Оксана Сергеевна Сидоренко
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена вопросам подготовки педагогов в условиях цифровизации образования. Авторами рассмотрены современные тенденции цифровизации мирового образования, нарастающие вызовы современной системе образования с точки зрения нового понимания происходящих изменений, актуальность задачи проектирования новой модели подготовки учителя в условиях профессиональной образовательной организации. Такого учителя способен подготовить специалист – профессионал, сам владеющий цифровыми компетенциями на высоком уровне, непрерывно анализирующий свою педагогическую деятельность, готовый работать в быстроизменяющихся условиях и принять на себя новые роли в цифровой среде. Представленный авторами опыт подготовки цифрового учителя на основе созданной модели сетевой образовательной коммуникации на базе ГАПОУ «Читинский педагогический колледж» опирается на материалы и результаты, полученные в ходе опытно – экспериментальной деятельности региональной площадки. Новизна исследования состоит в том, созданная модель сетевой образовательной коммуникации представляет собой интегративный вариант нескольких моделей, представленных в настоящее время учеными – методологами. В статье описаны компоненты модели и их содержание, описаны социальные эффекты реализации модели, ее значимость в системе подготовки будущего педагога с точки зрения его кадрового потенциала, технологической готовности, и ценностно – смысловых установок.
ASPECTS OF PEDAGOGICAL CONTROL AND EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION
Authors: Dauren Imanbekovich Kabenov  , Zhadyra Ersynkyzy Bazar  , Yerkanat Serikovich Akhmetov  , Raushan Sailauovna Kuanysheva
Published: March 2021

"The article considers aspects of pedagogical control and quality of education. The problem of quality of education as a problem of control and evaluation of educational activities. The article defines the quality of education from the point of view of its application in various spheres of human activity. We have developed a policy framework for monitoring and evaluating educational activities as part of the global reform of the education systems of our countries. These countries have started to define norms (standards) in the development of training programs, which is an important stage of national policy in the field of education and quality control as an integral part. These norms (standards) are a necessary basis for defining the goals of education, creating a single pedagogical space in the country, which will ensure a uniform level of General education received by young people in different types of educational institutions. "
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПРОГРАММНЫХ СРЕДСТВ ПРИ ПОДГОТОВКЕ СТУДЕНТОВ К ВНЕШНЕЙ ОЦЕНКЕ ЗНАНИЙ
Authors: Ирина Ивановна Фураева  , Анастасия Александровна Сеньковская  , Наталья Сергеевна Глазырина
Published: March 2021

"В статье рассматриваются особенности организации подготовки студентов к внешней оценке знаний. Поскольку в Казахстане подобная оценка осуществляется с использованием тестовых заданий различного уровня сложности, авторами проанализированы различные аспекты применения тестов. Также рассмотрены стандартизированные шаблоны тестовых заданий с одним правильным ответом из пяти вариантов и тремя ответами из восьми. В статье описаны преимущества применения программных средств при использовании базы вопросов в текстовой форме, не содержащих формул и рисунков, а также последующая компоновка вариантов заданий случайным образом в порядке возрастания разделов, что облегчает тестирование для студентов. Кроме того, продемонстрирована функция программного приложения для просмотра результатов тестирования. В заключении представлены перспективы использования приложения. В новых условиях, когда количество дисциплин с текстовыми заданиями увеличилось, появилась возможность проводить подготовку студентов практически по всем дисциплинам. Тот факт, что программа написана в виде макроса позволяет установить ее на любом ПК, как преподавателю, так и студенту, ввести тесты по любым дисциплинам и превратить подготовку в экзаменам в увлекательное соревнование. "
APPLICATION OF ACTIVE AND INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF HIGHER SCHOOL
Authors: Gani Zhumabaevich Yelmuratov  , Ainagul Balgauovna Kaliyeva  , Botagoz Zhumabaevna Yelmuratova  , Maisa Zhumabaevna Kulumbaeva
Published: March 2021

"The article discusses the features of active and interactive teaching methods. The analysis of the application of these methods in the educational process of higher education is carried out, it is said that a teacher of a higher school must not only transfer scientific knowledge, but also be able to choose the optimal teaching strategy, use modern educational technologies, creating the prerequisites for creativity. The authors note that the educational process, based on the use of active and interactive teaching methods, is organized taking into account the inclusion in the learning process of all students in the group, without exception. The article also indicates the possibility in the process of teaching the teacher to choose both one method and use a combination of several. According to the authors, a successful application depends on the consistency and correlation of the selected methods and tasks. "
ҚАЗАҚСТАНДА ТУРИЗМ ИНДУСТРИЯСЫНЫҢ ҚАЛЫПТАСУЫ МЕН ДАМУЫ ТАРИХЫ
Authors: Мирас Қанатұлы
Published: March 2021

"Туризм – әлемдегі экономикалық дағдарыстарға қарамастан, жылдам дамып келе жатқан салалардың бірі болып табылады. Қазақстан үшін туризм, елдегі жалпы ішкі өнімнің негізгі бөлігін құрайтын үлкен экономикалық күшке ие. 1991 жылдары Қазақстан тәуелсіздігінің алғашқы жылдарынан-ақ, туризм саласына да үлкен өзгерістер орын алып, туристік саланы ынталандырылатын жобалар мен заңдар жүзеге аса бастаған болатын. Ғылыми мақалада Қазақстан Республикасының дамуындағы ең негізгі факторының бірі болып табылатын туризмнің қалыптасуы және даму тарихы баяндалады. Сондай-ақ, еліміздегі туризмді дамытудың перспективалары мен негізгі бағыттары да қарастырылған. Автор Қазақстандағы туризм индустриясының қалыптасу кезеңдеріне тоқтала отырып, талдау жүргізілген. Мақаланы жазу барысында Ресейлік және Қазақстандық зерттеушілердің еңбектері ғылыми-салыстырмалы талдау жасай отырып басшылыққа алынған. "
La utopía del desarrollo. Aportes para pensar alternativas viables
Authors: Travela Juan Carlos
Published: March 2021

Las teorías del desarrollo, al menos las más difundidas de occidente, analizan y debaten arduamente los diferentes caminos para alcanzar el desarrollo, pero no con el mismo ímpetu la concepción del mismo. Desde propuestas muchas veces antagónicas, se debate el rol de las instituciones, la libre movilidad de los factores de producción, las capacidades tecnológicas, las relaciones con el mercado mundial, entre otros elementos importantes para un proceso de desarrollo. Sin embargo, el deterioro ambiental del planeta, que se manifiesta en múltiples dimensiones, ha llevado a la sostenibilidad a ser un elemento central para nuevas discusiones.

La comunidad internacional ha intentado abordarla en las últimas décadas sin éxito. Desde la óptica de este trabajo, esto se debe a la persistente pretensión de no abandonar la concepción original del desarrollo y pretender apaciguar sus externalidades mediante la ampliación del concepto.

Por este motivo, este trabajo se propone analizar los principales problemas de la concepción hegemónica del desarrollo, y avanzar en la construcción de posibles alternativas para la sociedad.

Para este objetivo, se presenta un estudio preliminar de la experiencia de las cooperativas de vivienda inscriptas en el Programa de Autogestión de la Vivienda de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, en el que se intenta constatar si el cooperativismo puede ser una forma de organizar el trabajo positivo para promover el cambio de paradigma necesario para pensar en el desarrollo de forma verdaderamente sostenible.
Ático Beistegui: bifurcaciones superpuestas
Authors: Álvarez Benítez Paula V.
Published: March 2021

Este artículo pone sobre la mesa diferentes reflexiones sobre el Ático Beistegui de Le Corbusier, con objeto de construir un enfoque nuevo sobre las decisiones proyectuales. Cinco epígrafes plantean una serie de disyuntivas encadenadas, relacionadas con diversas aportaciones de autores que se han aproximado al significado de la obra de Le Corbusier en su contexto socioeconómico y político-cultural. Estas disyuntivas se refieren a su visión sobre el papel de la arquitectura ante la transformación del medio habitado bajo el avance tecnológico tras la revolución industrial y como parte de las nuevas técnicas de regulación política de la sociedad de masas enfocada al consumo, ahora basadas en la unión de la cultura y los medios. Con este trasfondo implícito, se contrastan las aportaciones de relevantes autores del s. XX con otras más recientes y dos puntos de vista: la experimentación trans-escalar de Le Corbusier con el montaje y su significado para el propio Beistegui. decorador, coleccionista y ciudadano del globo, que no duda en intervenir en el diseño. La idea de que la reinvención de las técnicas de proyecto responde a una voluntad de control se abre a otra posibilidad: la búsqueda de acuerdos parciales y provisionales, en medio de las contradicciones e incertidumbres de un presente en transición.
Le Corbusier: la piedra como amiga. Contexto, arquitectura y pensamiento
Authors: Torres Cueco Jorge
Published: March 2021

En 1937, Le Corbusier escribió “La piedra, amiga del hombre”, al que acompañó con una serie de fotografías y páginas en las que señalaba posibles ilustraciones. En este ensayo desarrollaba sus principales preocupaciones en una época donde la arquitectura moderna no estaba plenamente afianzada y, por ello, denunciaba el habitual revestimiento pétreo de las fachadas que impedían la consecución de las “alegrías esenciales”: el sol, el cielo y los árboles.  Sin embargo, la piedra como otros materiales “amigos,” como la cal o la madera, proporcionaban con sus texturas y su presencia ancestral “otras alegrías esenciales” de orden sensorial y estético. El trabajo con la piedra, desde su talla a la utilización en los muros, lo llevaba a introducir cuestiones como las artes plásticas y su papel en la arquitectura; la memoria de lo primitivo, arcaico y fundacional; el uso de molduras y la cuestión de la modénature, como expresión del carácter del edificio; y la plasticidad del hormigón como germen de una nueva estatuaria y de una obra arquitectónica total. Este artículo trata de reconstruir las claves del texto y su universo imaginario.
Hijos de la Rue de Sèvres : los colaboradores latinoamericanos de Le Corbusier en París [1932-1965]
Authors: Maniaque Caroline
Published: March 2021

Reseña de libro de Ingrid Quintana:  

Hijos de la Rue de Sèvres : los colaboradores latinoamericanos de Le Corbusier en París [1932-1965] / Children of rue de Sèvres : Latin American  Collaborators of Le Corbusier in Paris [1932-1965].
Encouraging Formal Invoicing and Reducing the VAT Impact on Low-Income individuals
Authors: Fenochietto Ricardo , Benitez Juan Carlos
Published: March 2021

This paper analyses and compares two different groups of tools, the first to encourage the use of invoices (or payment systems) and the second to refund the VAT to low-income individuals. The analysis contributes to the existing literature by providing a clear characterization between these two groups of tools that are too often misunderstood and offers clear guidance to policymakers on the benefits and pitfalls of them based on available empirical studies and novel data analysis. Briefly, the first group includes a set of regressive and distortive tools (such as, allowing deducting the VAT paid on personal consumption from the PIT and reducing the VAT rate for using electronic means of payments or registration), while the second group includes tools that are less distortionary and improve income distribution (tax credits and VAT rate reduction targeted only at low-income individuals). This paper also finds that allowing the deduction of personal consumption against the PIT’s taxable base (i) did not impact positively the VAT revenue in Guatemala and (ii) worsens the income distribution in Ecuador.
Indonesia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: March 2021

Selected Issues
Relationship between inferior mesenteric artery diameter and rectal cancer
Authors: Chi Feng , Zhou Shenkang , Bi Tienan , Zhao Wenjun , Wang Xiang
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Dilated inferior mesenteric vein has been reported in rectal cancer patients. However, no study has yet reported inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) enlargement in rectal cancer. We aimed to assess the relationship between the IMA diameter and rectal cancer.

Material and methods

Patients diagnosed with rectal cancer and a control group of 42 patients in our hospital from July 2017 to June 2019 were evaluated. The IMA diameter was independently measured by two observers on axial computed tomography images.

Results

The mean IMA diameter was wider in rectal cancer patients (2.49±0.53 mm) than in the control group (2.20±0.47 mm, p<0.001). The IMA diameter of patients with stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV cancers was 2.24±0.36 mm, 2.45±0.39 mm, 2.80±0.55 mm, and 2.85±0.51 mm, respectively (p<0.001). The IMA diameter correlated positively and moderately with TNM stage (r=0.519, p<0.001). The IMA diameter of patients with T1, T2, T3, and T4 tumors was 2.18±0.31 mm, 2.39±0.50 mm, 2.55±0.48 mm, and 2.73±0.51 mm, respectively (p<0.001). The IMA diameter also correlated positively and moderately with T stage (r=0.457, p<0.001). The IMA diameter of patients with N0, N1, and N2 tumors was 2.37±0.39 mm, 2.83±0.60 mm, and 2.71±0.40 mm, respectively (p<0.001); however, the IMA diameter did not correlate with N stage (r=0.166, p=0.077). Patients with M1 tumors had a wider IMA diameter than patients with M0 tumors (p=0.011).

Conclusions

The IMA in rectal cancer patients enlarges as the TNM stage gets higher. The IMA diameter can be accepted as a possibly important marker for the staging of rectal cancer.
DIAGNOSIS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR OR CARDIAC RESYNCHRONISATION THERAPY.
Authors: Dominik Barbara , Przemyslaw Mitkowski , Zorawski Wojciech , Kowalik Ilona , Ciesielski Adam
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators register various types of arrhythmias. Thus they can be exploited to better identify patients with atrial fibrillation episodes and increase the proportion of patients who may benefit from implementation of pharmacological prophylaxis of thromboembolic events, most of which it turns out are asymptomatic.

Material and methods

Assessment of the frequency, symptoms and predisposing factors for the occurrence of atrial fibrillation episodes in patients with implanted ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) and CRT-D (cardiac resynchronisation therapy with defibrillator) based on the analysis of intracardiac electrocardiograms (IEGM) records. The study included 174 consecutive outpatient cases with heart failure, sinus rhythm and Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillator and Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy with Defibrillator. Control visits with analysis of IEGM records occurred every three months. During mean follow-up of 20 months, 901 visits were carried out. 147 patients had at least one year of follow-up.

Results

Atrial fibrillation episodes in the study group occurred in 54 (31.0%) of patients
and 71.4% were asymptomatic. Predisposing factors were: history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (37.0% vs 13.3%, p ˂ 0.001), atrioventricular conduction abnormalities (42.6% vs. 20.0%,
p = 0.002), intraventricular conduction abnormalities (59.3% vs 40.8%, p = 0.02) and more severe mitral regurgitation (7.4% vs 0.8%, p = 0.04). Chronic renal disease was a risk factor for death in the study group.
No stroke occurred during the study.

Conclusions

Episodes of paroxysmal AF in patients with systolic heart failure and implanted cardioverter-defibrillator systems are quite common. The majority of the episodes recorded in the study were asymptomatic.
The effect of cultured autologous oral mucosal epithelial cells on ocular surface reconstruction
Authors: Gao Minghong , Chen Yingxin , Zhai Fengying , Liu Zhiling , Liu Qiming , Wang Ziyue
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Oral epithelial cells were recently shown to be able to differentiate into corneal epithelium, and the efficacy of cultured autologous oral mucosal epithelial cells (CAOMEC) has been suggested by the presence of epithelium replacement. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome in limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) by adding CAOMEC to regular amniotic membrane (AM) treatment.

Material and methods

Eyes with LSCD were randomized to two groups to undergo either autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet (CAOMECS) combined with AM transplantation (A group) or AM transplantation alone (B group). Clinical outcome measures were corneal epithelium healing, best corrected visual acuity, symblepharon, corneal transparency, corneal neovascularization and ocular surface inflammation.

Results

The normal corneal epithelialization rate in group A (73.33%) was higher than that in group B (35.48%), and the average healing time was shorter (3.45 ±2.12 weeks vs. 4.64 ±1.63 weeks). The symblepharon in the above two groups was improved in the first 3 months after surgery, but after 6 months, part of the B group had recurrence. In improving corneal transparency, group A has obvious advantages. Corneal neovascularization (CNV) was improved to some extent in the first 3 months after surgery, but group A (1.47 ±0.64) was better than group B (1.94 ±0.85) after 6 months. Both groups can improve the inflammatory state to some extent.

Conclusions

The transplantation of CAOMECS offers a viable and safe alternative in the reconstruction of a stable ocular surface. The effect is better than that of traditional AM transplantation, mainly in promoting corneal epithelialization, improving ocular surface structure, and reducing fiber and vascular infiltration.
The Impact of Using Celebrities in Advertising on the Purchasing Behavior of Consumers /Analytical Study about Consumers Opinions. Sample from Baghdad
Authors:   Market Research and Consumer Protection Center / University of Baghdad, Iraq., Al-Heali Alaa Nabeel
Published: March 2021

The study aimed to identify the effect of the use of celebrities in advertisements on the purchasing behavior of consumers, and to achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire consisting of three axes was used. The first includes the personal data of the sample (gender, age, academic achievement, place of residence), while the second axis includes criteria for the use of celebrities in Ads, while the third axis includes the consumer purchasing behavior variable, and the validity of the tool was verified using the validity of the arbitrators, data were analyzed using SAS statistical program. The study concluded that there is a significant correlation between the use of celebrities in advertisements and the purchasing behavior of consumers. There is a significant effect of the independent variable (the use of celebrities in advertisements in terms of (credibility, attractiveness, vector meanings)) on the dependent variable (the purchasing behavior of consumers).The study recommends a set of recommendations, including the need to pay attention to the selection of celebrities who meet the basic criteria in terms of credibility, attractiveness and their ability to convey the necessary information from the product, in addition to pay attention to the content of the advertisement in terms of credibility and compatibility with the culture of consumers in order to push them to trust in the advertising message.
Country Risk Analysis of Pakistan: Evidence from Karachi Stock Exchange
Authors: Et al., Fauzia Mubarik
Published: March 2021

This study analyzes the country risk of Pakistan by employing the international capital asset pricing model (ICAPM) framework for the time period of July 2000 to June 2015. This study has used the country beta approach to examine the country risk based on the local as well as the global economic indicators. The study includes one domestic variable; foreign exchange reserves (cash holdings) and three global variables; real foreign exchange rate, gold prices, and oil prices to examine the impact of these economic factors on country risk by employing Beta market approach. The empirical results of this study conclude that time-varying beta in Pakistan is affected by the global economic factors as well as the domestic economic factors and hence support the international capital asset pricing model in case of Pakistan. The findings of the study suggest that the international investors can frame out the hedging policy against country risk in measuring investment return and that an effective monetary and fiscal policy can be designed by considering the relationship of macroeconomic factors with country risk.
In whom do you trust? Analysing the Role of Social Capital in Reducing Income Inequality-A Panel Data Approach
Authors: Et al., Moina Rauf
Published: March 2021

In this study, we examine if social capital, in the form of trust, networks, and institutions, affects income inequality across countries. We aim to build a narrative, supported by empirics that institutions embedded deeply in the fabric of the society play a critical role in motivating policies towards inclusive growth and distributive initiatives by the state. Policies aimed at distribution are a conscious choice that is driven by the society’s level of trust in each other. Higher levels of trust among citizens leads to cooperative behavior and solves social dilemmas thus reducing free riding problems. Also, high trusting and cooperative citizens are more likely to push governments for reforms and policies that aim at the provision of public goods and increased social spending. Voters’ limited acceptance of morally questionable behavior among politicians restrains rent-seeking problems in politics and encourages good governance. The study uses panel data analysis utilizing data from World Values Surveys. The basic model used for testing the relationship between social capital and income inequality is through the fixed effects models. For developing a meaningful analysis, we distinguish between civil social capital and government social capital. We establish that higher levels of generalized trust (civil social capital) among citizens leads to a reduction in income inequalities. The significance of social capital is reiterated when the variables for government social capital are introduced in the model. Our study establishes that indicators of government social capital, particularly lower corruption levels have a significant impact on reducing income inequality.
To establish the link between aversive leadership and work outcomes: An empirical evidence
Authors: Et al., Imran Saeed
Published: March 2021

This research aims to establish the link between aversive leadership and work outcomes for the first time. This study was conducted in service and manufacturing sector in Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Haripur, and Peshawar, while only those organizations were selected for this study where supervisor and subordinate and peer relations were established. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect data from the different organization of the said sector and the sample size was (n=340). Results of the study revealed that aversive leadership was positively and significantly related to job stress, employee organizational deviance, follower aggressive voice and negatively as well significantly related to lower follower performance. This study also tests all hypotheses through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) through this technique the hypothesis of the study also confirmed.
Employee/Employer Service Relation and Commercial Banking Sector of Pakistan: A Lens of Service Dominant Logic
Authors: Et al., Sara Shafaqat
Published: March 2021

This research paper used grounded theory as a research methodology with the main objective; to explore the applicability of Service Dominant Logic (S-D logic), to the concepts of management i.e. “Employee Engagement” and “Experiential Learning” by analyzing employee/employer behaviours of value co-creation in the commercial banking sector of Pakistan. In align, the theoretical contribution of this study is; the transformation of the conventional concept of management “employee engagement into a tentative theory of employee/employer service relation (EESR). In addition to this track, the study proposed a lens of S-D logic through experiential learning (EL) to draw a platform, which enables managers to adopt reciprocal and interconnected exchange relationships between actors to develop value co-creation for higher organizational performance (OP). Based on empirical evidence collected via interview method, the study substantiated that the narratives of processes and practices of S-D logic given by Vargo and Lusch are the foundation to establish proposed transformation. The outcome of employee/employer service relation suggested that employee/employer relationship (employee engagement) is based on service relationship (reciprocal exchange of service). Value is proposed through promising, an attractive and desired offer. Employer and employee as service actors play the role of resource holders and resource integrators in this relationship. Both service actors integrate their resources (operand and operant resources) to co-create value which is mutually benefited. However, the convergence of conventional logic of employee engagement into employee/employer service relation will first require a modification in the mind-set of commercial banking sector organizations.
Factors Responsible for Weak Democratic Culture among the Political Parties of the Pakistan
Authors: Et al., Syed Ali Shah
Published: March 2021

Democracy, as defined by Lincoln, is “government of the people by the people, and for the people” (1). Political parties around the globe function under the same ideology. On the contrary, the true democratic process is not fully observed within these parties. Though this observation is applicable globally to nearly all political parties in one way or another, in Pakistan, similar to other third world countries, the political parties have growing scarcity of the democratic culture. If party elections and voting are held to some extent, it is taken merely as a ritual or legal binding only. As a practice, one finds an authoritarian approach, hegemony, oligarchy and limited freedom of decision-making provided to members of parties.
An Assessment of Various Competencies Reflected in ECE Curriculum 2007 among Children in Government Primary Schools in Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Et al., Samina Altaf
Published: March 2021

This survey research was focused on assessing various competencies developed among the children of Early Childhood Education (ECE) classes at primary level subject to the National Curriculum 2007 for Early Childhood Education. The researchers developed the objectives: to examine the different competencies of the ECE students given in the curriculum 2007; to make comparison of these competencies of students studying in primary schools for boys, girls and both genders; and to find out the differences in their competencies of ECE students study in urban, semi-urban and rural primary schools. A self-developed test used to measure competencies of children in different learning areas given ECE curriculum 2007. After validation and confirmation of reliability, this test was administered to 1200 children selected from 120 sample schools selected through random sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, mean score, ANOVA and Post hoc test. The mean scores of ECE students for all competencies were found slightly above average. A significant difference was observed in mean scores among the boys only, girls only and mixed gender ECE in all learning areas. The students studying in urban and semi–urban schools were better than rural schools students.