bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The gradeless paradox: Emancipatory promises but ambivalent effects of gradeless learning in business and management education
Authors: Kjærgaard Annemette , Mikkelsen Elisabeth Naima , Buhl-Wiggers Julie
Published: June 2022

The negative impacts of grades on students’ approach to learning and well-being have renewed the interest in gradeless learning in higher education, with the current literature focusing on the positive outcomes for students, including the advancement of student learning, reduced stress, increased motivation, and enhanced performance. While the idea of freeing students from the weight of grades sounds promising, grades are so integral to the educational system that the effects of learning without grades may not provide the relief intended. In this article, we present a qualitative case study of how business and management students experienced having gradeless learning in their first year of an undergraduate program. Our data show that students felt true ambivalence about learning without grades. Although gradeless learning was associated with less pressure, higher motivation, and a more collaborative approach to learning, it also engendered feelings of identity loss and uncertainty among students about their own performance and future opportunities. Our study contributes to previous studies on the impact of grades by revealing the ambivalence experienced by students when learning without the well-known metric of grades in a performance culture. Moreover, it provides new empirical insights into how business and management students experience gradeless learning.
Ocrelizumab reduces thalamic volume loss in patients with RMS and PPMS
Authors: Arnold Douglas L , Sprenger Till , Bar-Or Amit , Wolinsky Jerry S , Kappos Ludwig , Kolind Shannon , Bonati Ulrike , Magon Stefano , van Beek Johan , Koendgen Harold , Bortolami Oscar , Bernasconi Corrado , Gaetano Laura , Traboulsee Anthony
Published: June 2022

Background:

In multiple sclerosis (MS), thalamic integrity is affected directly by demyelination and neuronal loss, and indirectly by gray/white matter lesions outside the thalamus, altering thalamic neuronal projections.

Objective:

To assess the efficacy of ocrelizumab compared with interferon beta-1a (IFNβ1a)/placebo on thalamic volume loss and the effect of switching to ocrelizumab on volume change in the Phase III trials in relapsing MS (RMS, OPERA I/II; NCT01247324/NCT01412333) and in primary progressive MS (PPMS, ORATORIO; NCT01194570).

Methods:

Thalamic volume change was computed using paired Jacobian integration and analyzed using an adjusted mixed-effects repeated measurement model.

Results:

Over the double-blind period, ocrelizumab treatment significantly reduced thalamic volume loss with the largest effect size (Cohen’s d: RMS: 0.561 at week 96; PPMS: 0.427 at week 120) compared with whole brain, cortical gray matter, and white matter volume loss. At the end of up to 7 years of follow-up, patients initially randomized to ocrelizumab still showed less thalamic volume loss than those switching from IFNβ1a ( p < 0.001) or placebo ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Ocrelizumab effectively reduced thalamic volume loss compared with IFNβ1a/placebo. Early treatment effects on thalamic tissue preservation persisted over time. Thalamic volume loss could be a potential sensitive marker of persisting tissue damage.
Work-Related Practices: An Analysis of Their Effect on the Emergence of Stable Practices in Daily Activity Schedules
Authors: Lőrincz Máté János , Ramírez-Mendiola José Luis , Torriti Jacopo
Published: June 2022

Despite its ‘wordless’ and hidden characteristics, it is within the everyday tasks, routines, and rhythms that consumption takes place, from getting up every morning, having breakfast, going to work or school, having lunch, going home, having dinner, reading a book, surfing the Internet, watching TV, and probably doing similar things again and again. This study examines this routinized daily use of time of employed individuals based on the 2014–2015 UK Time-Use Survey data. In doing this, we focus on individual’s day-to-day activities and how they are routinized or how they are formed into stabilized practices. Starting from the definition of stable practices, we apply a relatively new method of social network analysis to visualize stable practices during workdays. We then analyse the cohesion between practices based on work hours and connections and coordination between practices. Our results suggest that work arrangements create stable practices that by themselves are stone pillars of daily routines. This implies that the removal (or ‘unlocking’) of stable practices during these time periods could produce some – albeit marginal – decongestion of routinized activities.
Transnational policing between national political regimes and human rights norms: The case of the Interpol Red Notice system
Authors: San Serdar
Published: June 2022

Current transnational policing mechanisms such as Interpol appear to reproduce authoritarianism-like actions in democratic contexts by helping to undermine the rights and freedoms of individuals targeted by non-democratic regimes. Through an in depth examination of the cases of Turkish and Russian police, this article seeks to explain the possible motives of the law enforcement institutions of democratic states in executing the questionable Interpol Red Notice requests by authoritarian regimes based on the existing theoretical debates in the literature on international policing. It explores three factors that foster policing cooperation between democratic and authoritarian states: 1) an aspired depoliticization of international policing that facilitates cooperation among states with different national and ideological outlooks; 2) an occupational culture that encourages professional support and solidarity among policing agents that transcends national rivalries; and 3) state cooperation against threats posed by the planning and conduct of international crime.
Master-slave synchronous control method for attenuating dual mode electromechanical transmission system torsional vibration
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Hui , Zhang Xun , Wang Zhen , Yan Pengfei
Published: June 2022

The high-power electromechanical transmission (EMT) system is a typical dual-mode hybrid power transmission system. The torque fluctuation of internal combustion engine causes serious shock and vibration problems of EMT. Suppressing torsional vibration based on high dynamic motor torque regulation is an important way to improve the working life and stability of EMT system. First, a lbased on the lumped parameter linear dynamic model,the torsional vibration characteristics are analyzed. Second, a fluctuating speed estimation method is proposed based on the uniformly accelerated motion model and linear regression, and a digital high pass filter is designed. Then, a master-slave coupling active torsional vibration control strategy is proposed, and a PD control algorithm based on speed feedback is designed. The variation rules of control parameters is analyzed. Finally, the control effect is verified by experiments. The results show that the lever coefficient K ab and differential coefficient K d of master-slave control can change the natural frequency of torsional vibration of the system, thus significantly changing the vibration response of the system. Selecting appropriate control parameters can achieve peak clipping of EMT torsional resonance.
Semi-analytical solution of non-homogeneous Duffing oscillator equation by the Padé differential transformation algorithm
Authors: Aljahdaly Noufe H , Alharbi Maram A
Published: June 2022

The Duffing oscillator equation is one of important equations that model several nonlinear phenomena in science and engineering. The differential transform method (DTM) is applied to obtain the solutions of homogeneous and non-homogeneous Duffing oscillator equations under the influence of different initial conditions. In fact, the DTM can only find the solutions of the Duffing oscillator equation in a small domain, therefore the method has been improved using Padé approximation. We obtain the solutions by the Padé-DTM (PDTM) in long domain. This article proves the validity, simplicity and applicability of the PDTM method. In addition, the accuracy of the PDTM and the instability of the solution are discussed.
The synergy of fiber surface treatment and nanoclay on the static mechanical and tribological behaviors of Palmyra fruit fiber/Montmorillonite nanoclay reinforced polyester hybrid composites
Authors: Sankar Irulappasamy , Siva Irulappasamy
Published: June 2022

This research paper aims to present the combined effect of fiber surface chemical treatments and Montmorillonite nanoclay addition on the mechanical and tribological properties of Palmyra fruit fiber reinforced polyester composites. The polyester composite specimens are made of untreated and chemically surface treated Palmyra fruit fiber as primary reinforcement and Montmorillonite nanoclay as secondary reinforcement. The mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact behaviors and tribological properties such as specific wear rate and coefficient of friction are evaluated. The results are compared with specimens made without Montmorillonite nanoclay. The worn surface morphologies of the wear-tested samples are analyzed through scanning electron microscopic images to study the various wear mechanisms that persisted.
Impacts of Prism Adaptation Treatment on Spatial Neglect and Rehabilitation Outcome: Dosage Matters
Authors: Chen Peii , Hreha Kimberly , Gonzalez-Snyder Chris , Rich Timothy J. , Gillen Robert W. , Parrott Devan , Barrett A. M.
Published: June 2022

We examined whether number of prism adaptation treatment (PAT) sessions in regular clinical practice would predict spatial neglect (SN) improvement and rehabilitation outcomes. We reviewed clinical records from 16 U.S. rehabilitation hospitals where neurological patients were assessed for SN using the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS) and if SN was detected, and may have received PAT. Multiple linear regression was used to predict CBS Change (indicating SN improvement) in 520 patients who received PAT while considering age, sex, diagnosis, time post diagnosis, CBS at baseline, neglected side of space, and length of stay. Another set of regression models including the same variables and adding Function Independent Measure (FIM®) at admission was used to predict FIM Gains (indicating rehabilitation outcomes) in 1720 patients receiving PAT or not. We found that greater number of PAT sessions predicted greater CBS Change, especially in patients with moderate-to-severe neglect. Number of PAT sessions also positively correlated with Total FIM, Motor FIM, and Cognitive FIM Gains regardless of SN severity classification at baseline. Furthermore, number of PAT sessions predicted CBS Change and FIM Gains among patients completing ≤8 PAT sessions but not among patients with ≥8 sessions, who however, showed greater CBS Change with increased PAT frequency (i.e., fewer days between two consecutive sessions). Receiving more once-daily PAT sessions predicted greater improvement in SN and rehabilitation outcomes. Receiving PAT at a higher frequency for 8 or more sessions predicted better SN improvement. Thus, dosage matters. The study provides practice-based evidence that PAT is appropriate for inpatient rehabilitation.
Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm of the middle meningeal artery during embolization of bilateral chronic subdural hematomas
Authors: Wilseck Zachary M. , Khan Adam A. , Chaudhary Neeraj , Gemmete Joseph J.
Published: June 2022

Summary/Abstract

Middle meningeal artery embolization has become an important treatment option for chronic subdural hematomas. While the treatment is safe, we present a unique case of development of an iatrogenic middle meningeal artery pseudoaneurysm during endovascular embolization with use of a dual-lumen balloon catheter used for injection of a liquid embolic agent. A 62-year-old man on Coumadin for portal vein thrombosis presented to the hospital with headache and supratherapeutic INR. Imaging revealed bilateral acute on chronic subdural hematomas. Given his medical comorbidities he underwent endovascular middle meningeal artery embolization. During the embolization, angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the middle meningeal artery related to use of a dual-lumen balloon catheter. This pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated with ethylene vinyl alcohol embolization. Intracranial pseudoaneurysm related to balloon catheter use is a rare cause of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm and could lead to life-threatening intracranial bleeding. Therefore, recognition and timely treatment are important.
Detection of Cavernous Transformation of the Portal Vein in a 22-year-old Male with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding by Abdominal Duplex Ultrasonography: A Case Report
Authors: Arkorful Joseph , Adu – Bredu Theophilus Kofi , Otoo Obed
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Cavernous transformation of the portal vein, although a hepatic condition, may manifest with clinical features similar to those in patients with gastrointestinal pathologies. Particularly in young patients with no prior history of alcoholism or hepatic pathology, the diagnosis of cavernous transformation of the portal vein may be missed in an emergency setting where patients’ reported symptoms may be mimicking those associated with bleeding peptic ulcer or other gastrointestinal pathologies.

Case Report:

We present a case of a 22-year-old male with no prior history of hepatic or pancreatic pathology who presented to the emergency room with some episodes of haematemesis, melena and slight dizziness, in whom a cavernous transformation of the portal vein was identified by abdominal duplex ultrasonography.

Discussion:

The clinical diagnosis of cavernous transformation of the portal vein can be challenging and easily missed especially in instances where a patient with no history of chronic alcoholism, liver cirrhosis, hepatoma, pancreatitis or prior abdominal surgery presents to the emergency room with haematemesis and anaemia. Ultrasonography presents as a reliable radiological tool in the diagnosis of rare and unforeseen conditions like cavernous transformation of the portal vein to allow for prompt management and prevention of adverse patients’ outcomes.

Conclusion:

Abdominal duplex ultrasonography can reliably aid in the prompt diagnosis and management of patients with unforeseen rare hepatic pathologies such as cavernous transformation of the portal vein who present with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
The platformization of military communication: The digital strategy of the Israel Defense Forces on Twitter
Authors: Massa Alessandra , Anzera Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

Platforms are conditioning the way public communication is conducted while presenting themselves as neutral connectors. Social media logic encompasses norms, strategies, mechanisms and economies acting at the intersection between online platforms and society. Military communication is adapting itself to communicative and socio-technical innovations dictated by online platforms and social network sites. Armies are currently using digital media and online platforms in at least two different ways: a promotional one, based on the ‘normalization’ of militarism, and a conflictual one, based on the display and management of conflicts. In this article, the authors apply qualitative content analysis to investigate the platformed strategy of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Twitter account. Results show how the IDF embraces platformization and uses social media logic to develop a coherent narrative, projecting an attractive image, establishing an international positioning and defining international interlocutors. The institution of communicative formats, the multiplication of themes and representational artefacts, and a re-defined aesthetics of army and violence are enabled by social media logic. Tweets from the IDF follow a dual path: they contribute to normalizing militarism and act on the conflictual display of current affairs.
Glioblastoma in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Berkman Jillian M. , Nakhate Vihang , Gonzalez Castro L. Nicolas
Published: June 2022

Background

Although rare, the co-occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and glioma poses unique challenges in terms of diagnosis and management for both neurologists and neuro-oncologists.

Methods

Here we report on a single-center cohort of four patients with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis who developed gliomas.

Results

Our cohort reflects the epidemiology of glioma in terms of the relative frequency of IDH-wildtype and IDH-mutant cases. The patients in 3 out of the 4 cases presented did not develop their tumors in areas of pre-existing demyelinating lesions.

Conclusions

We did not find evidence to support the hypothesis that chronic gliosis from demyelinating plaques may serve as a substrate for secondary induction of a glial neoplasm. In our Discussion, we provide recommendations for distinguishing neoplastic from demyelinating lesions, review the evidence for demyelination as a risk factor for gliomagenesis, and highlight important considerations for the concurrent management of glioma and MS.
Chronic pain self-management in middle-aged and older adults: A collective intelligence approach to identifying barriers and user needs in eHealth interventions
Authors: O’Reilly Paul M , Harney Owen M , Hogan Michael J , Mitchell Caroline , McGuire Brian E , Slattery Brian
Published: June 2022

Objectives

eHealth refers to health services and health information delivered or enhanced through the internet and related technologies. The number of eHealth interventions for chronic pain self-management is increasing. However, little evidence has been found for the overall efficacy of these interventions for older adults. The aim of the current study was to use a Collective Intelligence approach to identify the barriers and specific user needs of middle-aged and older adults using eHealth for chronic pain self-management.

Methods

A Collective Intelligence workshop was conducted with middle-aged and older adults to generate, clarify, select, and structure ideas in relation to barriers to eHealth use and specific design requirements for the purposes of chronic pain self-management. Prior to attending the workshop, participants received a trigger question requesting the identification of five barriers to eHealth use for chronic pain self-management. These barriers were categorised and presented to the group along with barrier-related scenarios and user need prompts, resulting in the generation of a set of ranked barriers and a set of user needs.

Results

A total of 78 barriers were identified, from which six categories emerged: Content, Support, Technological, Personal, Computer Literacy and Accessibility. Additional idea-writing and group reflection in response to these barriers revealed 97 user needs.

Conclusion

This is the first study to use Collective Intelligence methods to investigate barriers to eHealth technology use and the specific user needs of middle-aged and older adults in the context of chronic pain self-management. The results of the current study provide a platform for the design and development of enhanced eHealth interventions for this population.
The Physical Activity Level of Ophthalmologists at Work: A Pedometer-Based Study
Authors: Assayag Elishai , Wiener Rony , Gelman Evgeny , Abulafia Adi , Wasser Lauren M. , Hanhart Joel , Zadok David , Weill Yishay
Published: June 2022

Background:

Ophthalmology practice entails many hours of physical inactivity, a potential long-term health hazard. This study aims to perform a pedometer-based evaluation of the physical activity (PA) levels of ophthalmologists at work.

Methods:

This is a prospective observational study. Ophthalmologists from a single tertiary medical center were monitored with electronic pedometers during six morning sessions in the ophthalmology clinics. Working hours and the number of patients seen per clinic session were retrieved. The age and body mass index (BMI) of participants were documented. Step number per working hour (SPH) was calculated for all participants. Comparisons between males and females, practicing ophthalmologists (attendings) and ophthalmology residents (residents), and sub-specialties were performed. Correlations between SPH and age, BMI, and patients seen per clinic session were computed.

Findings:

Pedometer readings for a total of 673 working hours were analyzed for 24 ophthalmologists, 17% female, 17 attendings, mean age 44.2 years (standard deviation ( SD = 9.8). The average number of SPH for all participants was 359.7 ( SD = 166.7). The mean PA level of residents was significantly higher than that of attendings (410.17 SPH vs. 338.95 SPH, respectively, p = .019). Oculoplastic surgeons demonstrated significantly higher step counts per hour than cornea specialists (439.90 SPH vs. 245.55 SPH, respectively, p = .002). A negative correlation was observed between SPH and the number of patients seen per clinic session ( ρ = −0.274, p = .001).

Conclusions/Applications to Practice:

Low number of SPH for ophthalmologists in this study indicates ophthalmology to be a highly sedentary medical occupation. PA levels of ophthalmologists in the workplace may indicate a personal health care challenge.
Employee Gratitude: A Win-Win for the Employer and the Employee
Authors: Hameed Athar , Khwaja Muddasar Ghani
Published: June 2022

Stress causes serious illnesses and damages employee well-being. The mutual gains human resource management (HRM) framework places HRM practices as the custodian of employee well-being in an organisation. This study presents a mutual gains HRM framework which has three components. First, employees can perceive that their organisation enacts HRM practices from two benevolent intentions (a) to help employees perform better and b) to improve their well-being. Second, these benevolent HRM attributions invoke gratitude among employees. Third, gratitude reduces employees’ perceived stress and improves their engagement levels. Fourth, gratitude mediates the relationship between both benevolent HRM attributions, employee stress and engagement levels. Purposive sampling technique was deployed for the collection of data using structured questionnaire from 294 respondents, working in the telecommunications sector of Pakistan. Measurement and structural model validity were tested through structural equation modelling (SEM) using Mplus 7.0. The findings confirmed theoretical connotations among the constructs. The study contributes to the literature by introducing a new HRM framework mediated by gratitude to reduce employee stress levels and improve their engagement.
Return to Sports After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Validity and Reliability of the SPORTS Score at 6 and 12 Months
Authors: Bley Jordan A. , Master Hiral , Huston Laura J. , Block Shannon , Pennings Jacquelyn S. , Coronado Rogelio A. , Cox Charles L. , Sullivan Jaron P. , Dale Kevin M. , Saluan Paul M. , Spindler Kurt P. , Archer Kristin R.
Published: June 2022

Background:

The Subjective Patient Outcome for Return to Sports (SPORTS) score is a single-item scale that measures athletes' ability to return to their preinjury sport based on effort and performance.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the SPORTS score and a modified score within the first year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The modified version replaced “same sport” with “any sport” in the answer choices. It was hypothesized that both versions of the SPORTS score would have acceptable floor and ceiling effects and internal responsiveness, moderate convergent validity, and excellent test-retest reliability.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Patients were recruited preoperatively from 2 academic medical centers. The authors collected responses to the 1-item SPORTS scores at 6 and 12 months after ACLR and the Tegner activity scale, Lysholm knee score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)–sport/recreation subscale, and Marx activity rating scale preoperatively and 6 and 12 months after ACLR. Ceiling and floor effects and responsiveness were assessed using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations, respectively, at both follow-up time points. Spearman correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to examine convergent validity and test-retest reliability, respectively.

Results:

Follow-up rates at 6 and 12 months were 100% and 99%, respectively. Test-retest follow-up was 77%. Floor effects for the SPORTS scores were not observed, while ceiling effects at 12 months ranged from 38% to 40%. Cross-tabulation of the SPORTS scores showed that 64% to 66% of patients reported a change in their score from 6 to 12 months, with significant differences noted between the proportions that improved versus worsened for return to any sport. Convergent validity was observed at 6 and 12 months via moderate correlations with the Tegner, Lysholm, KOOS–sport/recreation, and Marx scores ( r = 0.31 to 0.47). Fair to good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.58 and 0.60) was found at 12 months after ACLR.

Conclusion:

The SPORTS score appears to be a reliable, responsive, and valid 1-item scale that can be used during the first year after ACLR. No differences in psychometric properties were found between the SPORTS score and the modified version.
Analytical approach on the free convection of Buongiorno model nanofluid over a shrinking surface
Authors: Ratha Prakash Kumar , Mishra Satyaranjan , Tripathy Ramshankar , Pattnaik Pradyumna Kumar
Published: June 2022

This article focuses on the two-dimensional unsteady flow of an incompressible Casson nanofluid over a shrinking horizontal sheet under the influence of inclined magnetic field and in an advance dissipative heat due to Joule heating. The proposed Buongiorno model for the inclusion of Brownian and thermophoresis enriches the flow profiles. Casson model constituents a plastic fluid model that exhibits shear thinning characteristics and high shear viscosity. The proposed fluid model also approximates the rheological behavior of other liquids like physiological suspensions, cosmetics, syrups, etc. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) that account for effect of Buongiorno model are converted in to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through suitable similarity variables. Further, approximate analytical technique such as Adomian Decomposition Method is beneficial to carry out the solution of the transformed governing equations and the significant nature of the contributing parameter for both the steady and unsteady case is presented via graphs. Moreover, the major contribution is; the Casson parameter along with suction/injection favors in the smooth enhancement in the velocity profiles and the fluid temperature also encouraged by the augmentation in Brownian and thermophoresis parameter.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescent and Young Adult Retinoblastoma Survivors
Authors: Belson Paula J. , Eastwood Jo-Ann , Brecht Mary-Lynn , Kim Jonathan W. , Hays Ron D. , Pike Nancy A.
Published: June 2022

Background: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant intraocular tumor diagnosed in early childhood that requires extensive medical and surgical treatment at a young age. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is thought to be diminished due to visual impairment, facial deformities, and fear of recurrence or secondary cancer. However, few studies have identified variables associated with HRQOL among those with RB. Purpose: To compare HRQOL of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with RB to matched controls and to identify predictors of HRQOL in RB survivors. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 198 AYAs (101 RBs and 97 controls) completed HRQOL (PROMIS®-29 profile) and psychosocial questionnaires (Rosenberg self-esteem scale, multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and Hollingshead index for socioeconomic status). Clinical variables (age at diagnosis, visual acuity, laterality, heredity, treatment regime, and anesthesia exposure) were extracted from the medical record. Correlates of HRQOL were estimated using linear regression models. Results: RB survivors reported similar HRQOL compared to controls. Physical function ( p < .001), social support ( p = .013), and self-esteem ( p = .028) were lower in the RB group compared to controls. Visual acuity and self-esteem accounted for 52% of the variance in PROMIS physical health summary scores and self-esteem accounted for 38% of the variance in mental health summary scores. Conclusion: Despite deficits in physical function and self-esteem HRQOL in RB survivors was comparable to healthy counterparts. However, the majority of RB survivors in this study had normal visual acuity. Clinicians should explore ways to enhance self-esteem in RB survivors.
Single-cell spatial analysis of tumor immune architecture in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Colombo Anthony R. , Hav Monirath , Singh Mohan , Xu Alexander , Gamboa Alicia , Lemos Tucker , Gerdtsson Erik , Chen Denaly , Houldsworth Jane , Shaknovich Rita , Aoki Tomohiro , Chong Lauren , Takata Katsuyoshi , Chavez Elizabeth A. , Steidl Christian , Hicks James , Kuhn Peter , Siddiqi Imran , Merchant Akil
Published: June 2022

Multiplexed immune cell profiling of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer has improved our understanding of cancer immunology, but complex spatial analyses of tumor-immune interactions in lymphoma are lacking. Here, we used imaging mass cytometry (IMC) on 33 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) to characterize tumor and immune cell architecture and correlate it to clinicopathological features such as cell of origin, gene mutations, and responsiveness to chemotherapy. To understand the poor response of DLBCL to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), we compared our results to IMC data from Hodgkin lymphoma, a cancer highly responsive to ICI, and observed differences in the expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and TIM-3. We created a spatial classification of tumor cells and identified tumor-centric subregions of immune activation, immune suppression, and immune exclusion within the topology of DLBCL. Finally, the spatial analysis allowed us to identify markers such as CXCR3, which are associated with penetration of immune cells into immune desert regions, with important implications for engineered cellular therapies. This is the first study to integrate tumor mutational profiling, cell of origin classification, and multiplexed immuno-phenotyping of the TME into a spatial analysis of DLBCL at the single-cell level. We demonstrate that, far from being histopathologically monotonous, DLBCL has a complex tumor architecture, and that changes in tumor topology can be correlated with clinically relevant features. This analysis identifies candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets such as TIM-3, CCR4, and CXCR3 that are relevant for combination treatment strategies in immuno-oncology and cellular therapies.
Ponatinib, chemotherapy, and transplant in adults with Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ribera Josep-Maria , García-Calduch Olga , Ribera Jordi , Montesinos Pau , Cano-Ferri Isabel , Martínez Pilar , Esteve Jordi , Esteban Daniel , García-Fortes María , Alonso Natalia , González-Campos José , Bermúdez Arancha , Torrent Anna , Genescà Eulàlia , Mercadal Santiago , Martínez-Lopez Joaquín , García-Sanz Ramón
Published: June 2022

Promising results have been shown with the combination of ponatinib and chemotherapy in adults with Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL). The PONALFIL (Ponatinib With Chemotherapy for Young Adults Ph Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia) trial combined ponatinib (30 mg/d) with standard induction and consolidation chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) in newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL patients aged 18 to 60 years. Ponatinib was only given pre-emptively after alloHSCT. Primary end points were hematologic and molecular response before alloHSCT and event-free survival (EFS), including molecular relapse as event. Thirty patients (median age, 49 years; range, 19-59 years) entered the trial. All exhibited hematologic response, and alloHSCT was performed in 26 patients (20 in complete molecular response and 6 in major molecular response). Only 1 patient died (of graft-versus-host disease), and 5 patients exhibited molecular relapse after alloHSCT. No tyrosine kinase inhibitor was given after HSCT in 18 of 26 patients. Twenty-nine patients are alive (median follow-up, 2.1 years; range, 0.2-4.0 years), with 3-year EFS and overall survival (OS) of 70% (95% confidence interval, 51-89) and 96% (95% confidence interval, 89-100), respectively. Comparison of the PONALFIL and the ALLPh08 (Chemotherapy and Imatinib in Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Ph [BCR-ABL] Positive; same schedule, using imatinib as the tyrosine kinase inhibitor) trials by propensity score showed significant improvement in OS for patients in PONALFIL (3-year OS, 96% vs 53%; P = .002). The most frequent grade 3 to 4 adverse events were hematologic (42%), infectious (17%), and hepatic (22%), with only one vascular occlusive event. The combination of chemotherapy with ponatinib followed by alloHSCT is well tolerated, with encouraging EFS in adults with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL. Cross-trial comparison suggests improvement vs imatinib (clinicaltrials.gov identifier #NCT02776605).
Real-World experience of interictal burden and treatment in migraine: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Lo Siu Hing , Gallop Katy , Smith Timothy , Powell Lauren , Johnston Karissa , Hubig Lena T. , Williams Emma , Coric Vladimir , Harris Linda , L’Italien Gilbert , Lloyd Andrew J.
Published: June 2022

Background

The debilitating nature of migraine attacks is widely established; however, less is known about how the interictal burden (i.e., how patients are affected in-between migraine episodes) of migraine impacts on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQL). Acute and preventive treatments may lift the burden of the disease, but they often have unwanted side effects and limited effectiveness. The objective of this study was to understand the interictal burden of migraines, from the patient perspective, and to explore patient experience with migraine treatments.

Methods

Participants (n=35) with a self-reported diagnosis of migraine were recruited in the US, UK and Canada, including a subgroup of patients who had taken calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody (CGRP mAb) treatment for at least three months. Participants completed a background questionnaire, followed by a semi-structured interview via telephone or video call. The interviews explored patients’ migraine symptoms, perception of interictal burden and treatment experience. The interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

The most reported migraine symptom was migraine pain, followed by aura, sensory sensitivity and nausea. Most participants reported interictal impact on HRQL, lifestyle changes they made to avoid triggers or in anticipation of an attack, impacts on work, career, daily activities and relationships. Emotional impacts were reported by all participants, including anger, depression, anxiety and hopelessness. Many participants who took preventive treatments reported improvements in HRQL and functioning but still experienced breakthrough attacks. Among patients who took CGRP mAbs, participants noted varying consistency of treatment effectiveness between treatment administrations.

Conclusion

This study detailed the additional HRQL impact of migraine in-between migraine attacks and described the unmet need for effective treatment options to prevent and mitigate migraine attacks.
Social contact impacts physical activity and sedentary behavior among older adults in Japan due to COVID-19
Authors: Otaki Naoto , Yokoro Miyuki , Yano Megumu , Imamura Tomomi , Akita Michiko , Tanino Norikazu , Fukuo Keisuke
Published: June 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has adversely affected social contact and physical activity. This study investigated the correlation between physical activity, social contact, and sedentary time among adults aged 65 years and above during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This study was conducted in N City, H Prefecture, Japan. The authors randomly selected 4,996 adults, aged 65 years and above (mean age 74.1 ± 6.1 years), living in N City, and survey forms were distributed by mail in mid-August 2020. Altogether, 1,925 participants were included in this study. The survey comprised questions concerning the participants’ sex, height, weight, age, smoking and drinking habits, living arrangements, social contact assessments, physical activity levels, and sedentary time. Moreover, linear regression analysis was utilized to investigate the associations between the variables.

Results

The reported median physical activity was 1272 metabolic equivalent of task-min/week (interquartile range 528–2628), and the reported median sedentary time was 360 min/week (interquartile range 240–600). COVID-19 “somewhat,” “quite a lot,” or “completely” hindered the frequency of in-person contact with friends among 75.5% of the respondents and hampered the frequency of virtual contact with friends among 38.8% of the respondents. Physical activity was associated significantly with in-person contact indicators: “interaction with friends” (B = -0.111; 95%CI: -0.187, -0.035; p = 0.004) and “social participation” (B = -0.163; 95%CI: -0.248, -0.079; p < 0.001). These associations remained significant for both multivariate analysis Models 1 (sex and age) and 2 (addition of body mass index [BMI], alcohol use, smoking, living alone, and the number of illnesses to Model 1). Additionally, sedentary time was significantly associated with the social contact variable of “interaction with friends” (B = 0.04; 95%CI: 0.016, 0.064; p = 0.001). This association remained significant in both multivariate analysis models.

Conclusions

Significant associations were confirmed between reduced social contact, decreased physical activity, and more sedentary behavior among older adults due to COVID-19. Hence, continuous monitoring and support for social activities among susceptible older adults in extraordinary circumstances are essential.
Identification and validation of a seven m6A-related lncRNAs signature predicting prognosis of ovarian cancer
Authors: Song Yang , Qu Hui
Published: June 2022

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in angiogenesis, immune response, inflammatory response and tumor development and metastasis. m6 A (N6—methyladenosine) is one of the most common RNA modifications in eukaryotes. The aim of our research was to investigate the potential prognostic value of m6A-related lncRNAs in ovarian cancer (OC).

Methods

The data we need for our research was downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Pearson correlation analysis between 21 m6A regulators and lncRNAs was performed to identify m6A-related lncRNAs. Univariate Cox regression analysis was implemented to screen for lncRNAs with prognostic value. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses was used to further reduct the lncRNAs with prognostic value and construct a m6A-related lncRNAs signature for predicting the prognosis of OC patients.

Results

Two hundred seventy-five m6A-related lncRNAs were obtained using pearson correlation analysis. 29 m6A-related lncRNAs with prognostic value was selected through univariate Cox regression analysis. Then, a seven m6A-related lncRNAs signature was identified by LASSO Cox regression. Each patient obtained a riskscore through multivariate Cox regression analyses and the patients were classified into high-and low-risk group using the median riskscore as a cutoff. Kaplan–Meier curve revealed that the patients in high-risk group have poor outcome. The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the predictive potential of the m6A-related lncRNAs signature for OC was powerful. The predictive potential of the m6A-related lncRNAs signature was successfully validated in the GSE9891, GSE26193 datasets and our clinical specimens. Multivariate analyses suggested that the m6A-related lncRNAs signature was an independent prognostic factor for OC patients. Moreover, a nomogram based on the expression level of the seven m6A-related lncRNAs was established to predict survival rate of patients with OC. Finally, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network associated with the seven m6A-related lncRNAs was constructed to understand the possible mechanisms of the m6A-related lncRNAs involed in the progression of OC.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our research revealed that the m6A-related lncRNAs may affect the prognosis of OC patients and identified a seven m6A-related lncRNAs signature to predict the prognosis of OC patients.
Research on the expression of elastin in the conjoint fascial sheath for the correction of severe unilateral congenital blepharoptosis
Authors: Liu Zhaochuan , Jia Xin , Pang Runhui , Wang Huixing , Shi Junhu , Bai Ping
Published: June 2022

Background

To investigate the expression of elastin in the conjoint facial sheath (CFS) in patients with severe unilateral congenital blepharoptosis in different age groups.

Methods

Twenty-seven cases of severe unilateral congenital blepharoptosis (27 eyes) were treated with CFS + LM complex suspension from January 2020 to July 2020. Within that sample, 9 patients were over 18 years old, 9 patients were 13 to 17 years old and 9 patients were 5 to 12 years old. CFS and LM specimens were collected during CFS + LM complex suspension surgery. In the CFS specimens, the elastic fibers were observed by Victoria Blue staining. The elastin expression levels of the three groups of specimens were determined and analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting.

Results

Victoria Blue staining showed that elastic fibers were abundant in CFS tissue. Moreover, immunofluorescent staining showed strong positive expression of elastin in the CFS and LM. Furthermore, in the child group, the Western blot results demonstrated that the expression of elastin was higher in the CFS than in the LM (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of elastin was significantly higher in the CFS of children than in that of adults or adolescents (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The CFS and LM are rich in elastic fibers and elastin, although elastin expression in the CFS decreases with age. Thus, it is feasible to apply CFS + LM complex suspension to cure severe unilateral congenital blepharoptosis.
Strengthening supervisor support for employees with common mental health problems: developing a workplace intervention using intervention mapping
Authors: van Hees Suzanne G. M. , Carlier Bouwine E. , Blonk Roland W. B. , Oomens Shirley
Published: June 2022

Background

This study presents the development of a workplace intervention to strengthen supervisor’s support for employees with common mental health problems (CMHP). CMHP have been increasing over the last years, resulting into negative work outcomes, such as absenteeism or reduced work performance. To date, organisational interventions have been promising in preventing these negative work outcomes, however it is yet unknown in what way the role of workplace stakeholders, in particular supervisors, can be strengthened. This study contributes to the literature of interventions on an organizational level which uses a preventative approach by promoting stay at work among employees with CMHP through supervisor support.

Methods

we applied the intervention mapping (IM) approach, by actively involving workplace stakeholders (employees with CMHP, supervisors and occupational health professionals) through the development process and the use of Integrated model of behaviour prediction for employers. All six steps of IM are followed and thematic analysis was used to analyse interviews and focus groups.

Results

Based on a comprehensive needs assessment, the intervention resulted in an online guideline, with five step-wise themes on how to support employees with CMHP to stay at work (SAW). The guideline addressed the most important and changeable actions using the Integrated model of behaviour prediction. The guideline presents how to signal and address problems in the workplace and find solutions by stimulating autonomy of employees, explore job accommodations and ask for occupational support. In addition, basic conditions on how to create mentally healthy workplaces were presented. Coaching sessions by occupational health professionals, that include practical strategies using the best available evidence, were identified by the stakeholders.

Conclusions

This SAW-Supervisor Guideline-intervention responds to the need of supervisors to be supported in their role, responsibility and ways to support employees with mental health issues, through a behaviour-oriented, preventative approach. Intervention mapping provided a systematic process to identify, structure and prioritize factors of supervisor support, resulting in a novel workplace intervention. The active involvement of workplace stakeholders throughout the process resulted into a well-received intervention. The theoretical framework provided practical ways to induce supportive behaviour of supervisors, bridging theory with practice.
Body composition and risk factors associated with sarcopenia in post-COVID patients after moderate or severe COVID-19 infections
Authors: González-Islas Dulce , Sánchez-Moreno Carlos , Orea-Tejeda Arturo , Hernández-López Samantha , Salgado-Fernández Fernanda , Keirns-Davis Candace , Galicia-Amor Susana , Trejo-Mellado Esperanza , Gochicoa-Rangel Laura , Castorena-Maldonado Armando
Published: June 2022

Background

Post-COVID-19 syndrome is characterized by diverse symptoms and abnormalities that persist beyond 12 weeks from the onset of acute COVID-19. Severity disease has been associated with more musculoskeletal alterations such as muscle weakness, dyspnea, and distance walking. The aim was to evaluate the impact of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) on body composition and investigate risk factors associated with sarcopenia in post-COVID-19 patients three months after moderate or severe COVID-19 infections.

Methods

Cross-sectional study. 530 patients with PCR-confirmed diagnoses of moderate to severe COVID-19, > 18 years old, oxygen saturation ≤ 93%, PaO2/FiO2ratio < 300, who required hospitalization and were discharged were included. We excluded those who died before the follow-up visit, declined to participate, or could not be contacted.

Results

The mean age was 53.79 ± 12.90 years. IMV subjects had lower phase angle and handgrip strength and higher impedance index, frequency of low muscle mass, and low muscle strength than those without IMV. The risk factors of sarcopenia were > 60 years of age, diabetes, obesity, IMV, and prolonged hospital stay. The multivariate model showed that age > 60 years (OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 2.26–10.63), obesity (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.21–11.54), and interaction between prolonged length of hospital stay and IMV (OR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.21–7.02) were related to a higher risk of sarcopenia.

Conclusion

Obesity and the interaction between prolonged length of hospital stay and IMV are associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia at 3 months after severe or moderate COVID-19 infection.