bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Modified Barium Swallow Study for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: Recommendations From an Interdisciplinary Expert Panel
Authors: Martin-Harris Bonnie , Bonilha Heather Shaw , Brodsky Martin B. , Francis David O. , Fynes Margaret M. , Martino Rosemary , O'Rourke Ashli Karin , Rogus-Pulia Nicole M. , Spinazzi Noemi Alice , Zarzour Jessica
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Dysphagia occurs as a component of a wide variety of diseases and conditions. When unrecognized or poorly managed, dysphagia can result in malnutrition, volume depletion, and reduced quality of life, as well as aspiration, pneumonia, and death. This document focuses specifically on oropharyngeal dysphagia. The modified barium swallow study (MBSS) is a fluoroscopic motion study used to evaluate oropharyngeal anatomy and swallowing physiology in real time. It is typically performed by a speech-language pathologist together with a radiologist and often assisted by a radiologic technologist. Because oropharyngeal dysphagia has such a varied presentation, the guidance to diagnose and treat oropharyngeal dysphagia in the United States falls under the purview of several professional societies and organizations. However, a thorough review of available practice guidelines and appropriateness criteria issued to date reveals a deficit of up-to-date, comprehensive, evidence-based information on the diagnosis and evaluation of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Specifically, a lack of quality guidance on the ordering, performance, and reporting of the MBSS has hindered efforts to improve standardization and ensure quality continuity of care.

Method

In 2019, a group with expertise in oropharyngeal dysphagia (speech-language pathologists, radiologists, and referring physicians) convened with the goal of specifying a core set of expert recommendations/best practices to achieve a high-quality MBSS.

Results

Here, we present the results of the participants' discussions and provide consensus recommendations regarding ordering, performing, and reporting an MBSS.

Conclusion

The overarching goal of this summary is to emphasize the need for and encourage the development of MBSS practice guidelines to support clinicians and patients.
A multi‐class COVID‐19 segmentation network with pyramid attention and edge loss in CT images
Authors: Yu Fuli , Zhu Yu , Qin Xiangxiang , Xin Ying , Yang Dawei , Xu Tao
Published: May 2021

At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus COVID‐19 broke out. Due to its high contagiousness, more than 74 million people have been infected worldwide. Automatic segmentation of the COVID‐19 lesion area in CT images is an effective auxiliary medical technology which can quantitatively diagnose and judge the severity of the disease. In this paper, a multi‐class COVID‐19 CT image segmentation network is proposed, which includes a pyramid attention module to extract multi‐scale contextual attention information, and a residual convolution module to improve the discriminative ability of the network. A wavelet edge loss function is also proposed to extract edge features of the lesion area to improve the segmentation accuracy. For the experiment, a dataset of 4369 CT slices is constructed, including three symptoms: ground glass opacities, interstitial infiltrates, and lung consolidation. The dice similarity coefficients of three symptoms of the model achieve 0.7704, 0.7900, 0.8241 respectively. The performance of the proposed network on public dataset COVID‐SemiSeg is also evaluated. The results demonstrate that this model outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art methods and can be a powerful tool to assist in the diagnosis of positive infection cases, and promote the development of intelligent technology in the medical field.
Research and restocking of wheat varieties to pathogens of especially dangerous fungal diseases
Authors: Zeleneva Yu.V. , Sudnikova V.P.
Published: May 2021

Based on the results of immunological assessments and rejection of the material by phenotype, 327 sources and 79 donors of immunity were selected from spring wheat, 27 and 23 from winter wheat, respectively. Applying PCR diagnostic method, Lr genes were found in the selected samples of spring wheat. Screening revealed the presence of the following genes in the studied samples. They are Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr 34, Lr1, Lr10, Lr20 and Lr26. Within selection samples of the Central Russian branch, the prevalence of lines with the Lr19 gene in combination with inefficient genes Lr10, Lr20 and Lr26 was revealed. Spring soft wheat cultivation lines adapted to zonal conditions have been developed, combining in their phenotype resistance to the main phytopathogens of the region with valuable economic properties. In 2019, a variety of spring soft wheat in memory of Plahotnik was transferred to the State Export Commission for testing.
Use of grossularia robusta gooseberry species in breeding
Authors: Kurashev Oleg , Titova Yulia
Published: May 2021

Gooseberry is a valuable small-fruit crop. The All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (Russia) has been carrying out the breeding work on gooseberries since 1993. The article presents usage data of distant hybridization (interspecies crossbreeding) of gooseberry selection with the Grossularia robusta species. This species is characterized as a valuable traits' donor for obtaining hybrids resistant to American mildew and leaf spotting, as well as weak acicularity and compact bush habitus. Since 2001, we have actively involved this species in breeding. As a result, selected seedlings have been selected from the offspring of distant hybrids with the participation of Grossularia robusta species; these seedlings have the optimal complex of economic traits - resistance to American mildew and leaf spotting damage, sufficient fruit weight and satisfactory parameters of physical and mechanical properties of berries, weak acicularity, compact bush habitus. The obtained selected forms have a set of qualities that are necessary according to the conditions and requirements of mechanized harvesting.
The quality of berries of promising blackberry varieties in the conditions of the Tambov region
Authors: Bryksin D.M. , Kolesnikov S.A.
Published: May 2021

Blackberry is a new berry crop of industrial horticulture in the central part of Russia. More than 20 blackberry varieties were collected at the experimental sites of the SPC “Agropishcheprom". The paper presents the results of the study of 11 modern blackberry varieties. During preparation for winter, the plants were covered with covering material, and therefore, no winter damage was found during the years of research. A fluctuation in the accumulation of positive temperatures during the period of fruit formation and maturation, affecting the biochemical parameters and taste of fruits, was revealed. There is also a difference in the amount of precipitation over the years, which affects the average fruit weight. Thus, in 2020, during the formation and maturation of the fruits, 40% less precipitation fell in comparison with 2019, which led to a decrease in the average fruit weight. As a result of the research, the varieties were grouped according to maturation period, fruit average weight and taste. Selected varieties for use in breeding for large-fruited are the following: Natchez, Karaka Black, Black Butte and Triple Crown. Loch Maree, Natchez, Polar, Triple Crown, Black Butte and Karaka Black varieties were characterized by high taste qualities.
Initial material for breeding drought-resistant varieties of spring barley in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region
Authors: Zaytseva I. Yu. , Mamaeva L.V. , Shchennikova I. N. , Kokina L. P. , Dyagileva E. V.
Published: May 2021

Water scarcity has a significant impact on plants, quality and quantity of crops. On the soils of the northeast of European Russia, instability of precipitation is one of the main factors negatively affecting barley productivity. To assess the drought tolerance level, we used the RSR (root-to-shoot ratio) indicator, which shows the relative redistribution of fluxes of plastic substances between root and aerial organs. Evaluation of 57 collection accessions of spring barley of various ecological and geographical origins was carried out. As a result of the research, sources of breeding of valuable traits were identified for further breeding work on the creation of barley varieties adaptive to the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region. The accessions Bonita, Bionic, Cooper, Danuta, 752A, NCL 95098, local sample from India (k-3506), Odessky 115, Rodos, Kazminsky, Polarny 14, Adam, Bear, Medicum 11, Irbe (PR-3528), Mie, 121–13, and C-105 are characterized by resistance to osmotic stress at the early stages of organogenesis. For further breeding work drought-resistant varieties NCL 95098, Cooper, Bonita, Danuta, Mie, Rodos, Kazminsky, Adam, Bear, Medicum 11, Irbe (PR-3528), 752A, Polarny 14, and C-105, distinguished by the elements of plant productivity, are advisable to use taking into account their positive qualities. The rest of the drought-resistant accessions are recommended to be included in crosses with varieties having higher productivity.
Assessment of the productive potential and quality of pear fruits of different ripening periods, grown in the south of Russia
Authors: Prichko T.G. , Mozhar N.V. , Droficheva N.V.
Published: May 2021

The results of a long-term research on the variety study of 70 pear varieties from the genetic collection of the State Scientific Institution NCFSCHVW of summer, autumn and winter ripening periods, grown in the south of Russia, are presented. Winter-hardy, late-flowering varieties have been identified, which make it possible to reduce the crop losses from frosts and late spring frosts. Highlighted varieties of pears with high yield, valuable for the commercial qualities of the fruit, as well as those distinguished by a high content of sugars, acids, vitamins, which determine the nutritional value and medicinal properties of the fruit.
Cultivation of prospective plant seeds for Almaty city greening
Authors: Seilkhan A. , Dossymbetova S. , Issabekova A. , Kuspanova A. , Kuandykova E.
Published: May 2021

This Abstract. One of the most pressing problems of human society is the impersonality of urban spaces, of which green spaces are an integral part. Plants in an urbanized environment are not only a source of oxygen, noise and gas absorbers, etc., but also an element that unites and connects diverse residential buildings. This raises the question of the self-identification of urban spaces. Problems include a meager assortment, the absence or presence in a single specimen of promising species that are not sufficiently stable in an urban environment. This article discusses the determination of seed productivity in laboratory conditions of plantsOriganum vulgarecollected from Ile Alatau of Kazakhstan and Berberis iliensis Popov collected from the Ile river of Almaty region. Laboratory experiments have shown high germination ofOriganum vulgareand Berberis iliensis seeds, but the germination of seeds collected from different populations is different: for example,Origanum vulgareand Berberis iliensis plants had the highest laboratory germination of № 2 seeds.Origanum vulgareon the seventh day of growth reached 40% in population №1, 44% in population №2 and 41% in population №3. Laboratory productivity for 25 days of growth was 91% in population №1, 95% in population №2, and 87% in population №3. The maximum validity of Berberis iliensis seeds in the second population is 92.5%, and the lowest is 63% suitable for the first population.
Postharvest treatments with calcium-based bioactivators to preserve table grape quality (Vitis vinifera L) cv. Red Globe during storage
Authors: Levchenko Svetlana , Boyko Vladimir , Belash Dmitriy , Cherviak Sofia , Romanov Alexander
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of studies on the use of calcium-based bioactivators in aerosol spraying ofV. viniferaL cv. Red Globe in the postharvest period and the assessment of its impact on the quality of grapes during storage (30 and 90 days). In the international practice calcium-containing preparations are widely used to solve problems of quality preservation of the resulting crops. Level of calcium in fruits and berries affects the duration of storage by increasing the resistance to pathogens. Calcium-containing preparations are safe for human health and can become good alternative to synthetic fungicides and SO2 when storing and improving the quality of table grapes. In the work we used calcium-based bioactivators Brentax Ca in concentrations of 50 and 75g per 20l of water; Brentax KCa - in concentration of working mixture - 50g / 20l and Master Green Ca in concentration of 35g / 20l. The following parameters were evaluated: mass concentration of dry matter and titratable acids, weight loss of bunch and organoleptic parameters.High efficiency was performed by preparations Master Green Ca and Brentax Ca 50. Their use made it possible to reduce significantly the weight loss of bunch towards the end of storage by 45 and 34% compared to the control, to preserve organoleptic parameters (7.8 and 7.6 points), respectively, at the level of fresh grapes during storage owing to safekeeping of stem in a flexible condition, preservation of natural color, turgor of berries and balanced flavor. The data obtained will allow improve the system of long-term storage of grapes due to the use of calcium-based bioactivators Master Green Ca and Brentax Ca in concentration 50g / 20l of water.
Optimization of the adaptive mechanism of subtropical crops under the influence of innovative forms of fertilizers
Authors: Belous Oksana , Vasileyko Marina , Lagoshina Angelina , Platonova Nataliia
Published: May 2021

The research is aimed at developing effective ways to regulate the functional state of plants under stress. It is shown that the functional state of tea and mandarin plants is more favorable under the influence of growth regulators (humic and amino acids, metabolites of mold fungi are used as biologically active substances). In the variants with foliar treatments, there is an increase in bound water (up to 54.8-54.9%); activation of assimilant synthesis, more active formation of proline and ascorbic acid in tea leaves. There was an increase in the number of carotenoids (up to 1.78 mg / g) and active synthesis of ascorbic acid in mandarin leaves during stressful periods; the value of the viability index increased (up to 5.19 – 5.33 units) in accordance with the control (4.37 umits). The developed specific surface density of the leaf provides greater productivity of mandarin plants. The optimal functional state of the plants led to an increase in the crop productivity of tea leaves (22.88-32.22 c/ha compared to the control-22.04-26.88 c/ha) and mandarin fruits (6.83 kg/tree compared to the control – 3.80 kg / tree). The use of innovative forms of fertilizers and plant growth regulators should become the main element of the technology of cultivation of subtropical crops, optimizing the adaptive potential, regulating the effective productivity of plants and their quality indicators.
Blochemical monitoring of genetic collections of strawberry in NCFSCHVW and CEBS
Authors: Prichko T.G. , Germanova M.G. , Podorozhniy V.N.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the generalized results of long-term research (2012-2020) of the assessment of the chemical composition of strawberries of 90 varieties of various ecological and geographical origin, growing in the genetic collections of NCFSCHVW and CEBS (branch of VIR). The advantage of varieties of Italian selection, as well as Russian (NCFSCHVW, CEBS) is the increased content of soluble solids and sugars. The varieties obtained in France and Russia are characterized by a high level of accumulation of vitamin C. The largest amount of vitamin P is contained in strawberries of American varieties. According to the results of a study of five groups of strawberry varieties of different ripening periods, it was found that varieties of an early ripening period accumulate less soluble solids and sugars, and late-ripening ones stand out with a high content of soluble solids, sugars, vitamins C and P. Highlighted varieties that are the sources of high soluble solids content (9-9.9%), sugars (6.8-7.5%), acids (1.0-1.28%), pectin substances (0.7-0.79%), vitamin C ( 65.1-74.5 mg / 100 g), vitamin P (90.0-120.1 mg / 100 g) and anthocyanins (92.0-127.0 mg / 100 g).
Influence of Septoria glycines Hemmi on the enzymes’ activity of hydrolytic Glycines max (L.) Merr seed complex
Authors: Martynenko Natalia , Lavrentieva Svetlana , Tarasova Olga
Published: May 2021

The Septoria leaf spot (Septoria glycines Hemmi), is a harmful pathogen of soybean. To create a resistant variety to this pathogen, a detailed study of physiological processes at the biochemical level is necessary. Enzymes play a leading role in adapting to stressors. It was shown that the specific activity of esterases and RNases of soybean seeds infected with septoria decreased, relative to the control. Multiple forms of enzymes with different electrophoretic mobility were identified, which indicates a decrease in metabolism under the influence of fungal disease. At the same time, the specific activity of amylases and acid phosphatases of soybean seeds was not strongly affected by S. glycine, as evidenced by the relatively stable multiple forms of enzymes.
Features of mercury migration in natural objects of technogenically polluted areas
Authors: Kubareva Marina , Denisova Elena , Soloviev Anatoly , Smirnov Vadim
Published: May 2021

The article discusses own studies’ materials of anthropogenic mercury migration in the “soil− plant − surface water- water body bottom sediments” system on the example of technogenically mercury-polluted territory of the northern industrial zone of Pavlodar city in Kazakhstan. The mercury distribution processes in soil at a depth of up to two meters, in water and bottom sediments of the Irtysh River, as well as in “Pamyat’ Azieva” soft spring wheat variety grown on soils with maximum pollution level were studied. It was discovered that the mercury migration degree to groundwater and plant objects depends on the soil type: so, it is minimal in chernozem soil. It was revealed that the mercury amount in the soil is in a positive correlation with its mineralization degree, filtration level, as well as the presence of chloride ions. The article also discusses the research results on the complex and diverse influence of predominant ions in soil, as well as their combinations on the content and distribution of mercury.
Impact of the south Russia weather conditions on the fruitfulness coefficients of domestic breeding grape varieties
Authors: Marmorshtein Anna , Petrov Valeriy , Lukyanov Aleksey , Lukyanova Anna , Kovalenko Aleksandr
Published: May 2021

The issue of grape plants adaptation to current and future climate changes is acute. Agrobiological records conducted in vineyards at the beginning of the growing season show the possible productivity by the values of the fruitfulness coefficients (k1 and k2). The adaptation of plants is higher in varieties with high values of the fruitfulness coefficients, so it is important to determine their relationship with the weather conditions of the territory. The aim of this work was to study the influence of weather conditions in the south Russia on the grapes fruitfulness coefficients of thirteen Vitis Vinifera varieties of domestic breeding AZESVW and NCZSRIHV for the period 2007-2020 by the method of correlation analysis. A large relationship between the parameters of fruitfulness k1 and k2 with the temperature of the previous year (especially with the minimum air temperature and temperature range), and a smaller one with the characteristics of moisture availability, was revealed. The influence of winter meteorological conditions was noted in the correlation analysis of all the data, for individual varieties, due to frost resistance, the dependence was not significant. In general, there is a variety-specific correlation.
Biologization of grape growing technologies to obtain safe and high-quality products
Authors: Ostroukhova Elena , Aleinikova Natalia , Peskova Irina , Galkina Evgenia , Bolotianskaia Elena , Zaitseva Olga
Published: May 2021

Viticulture is impossible without the use of chemical plant protection agents. Their use follows to ecological destabilization of ampelocenoses and constitutes real danger to human health. Last years there is a tendency to biologize the protection technologies that the relevance of studies of the influence of biopreparations on the quality of graps and wines. The article presents the results studies of fungicide action of the preparations Biocomposite-correct and Biocomposite-protect. Their high anti-mycotic activity (97-100%) against Trichothecium roseum and Botrytis cinerea has been established. The high efficiency in the control of grey rot on grapes cultivar Merlot showed a two-fold application of the Biocomposite-protect– the damage to grapes decreased by 2 times in comparison with the control and amounted to 0.3%. Using of biofungicides did not affect the of mush/must fermentation. The test wines were distinguished by a higher (by 13-28%) concentration of phenolic substances. The use of Biocomposite-protect followed to an increase of anthocyanins concentration (by 1.5 times) and the total dry extract (by 12%) in wines; decrease – of titratable acids; Biocomposite-correct – decrease the total dry extract (by 10%). Using of biological preparations for grape protection did not influence the organoleptic quality of wines.
Antimycotic activity of bacterial strains against the pathogen of grape necrotic leaf spotting Alternaria sp.
Authors: Burovinskaya Margarita , Maslienko Lyubov , Yurchenko Eugeniya
Published: May 2021

Species of the genera Bacillus Cohn and Pseudomonas Migula are successfully used as biocontrol agents for many mycopathogens, including Alternaria sp. To assess the bacteria antagonistic potential against Alternaria sp, we used the method of counter cultures on various nutrient media – universal and specialized. Of the 24 bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus, 18 strains were developed antagonistic activity to Alternaria sp. after 10 days of co-cultivation on the Tylona-3 medium. The maximum sterile zone (8.0 mm) was formed by bacterial strains (R-9, 5B-1, 01 cor f Bacillus sp.). 3 strains of 9 bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, developed antagonistic activity to Alternaria sp. on Kinga B medium - 14-3 Pseudomonas sp., Oif 2-1 Pseudomonas sp., 14-4 Pseudomonas sp. The maximum antibiotic activity on potato-sucrose agar was established in strains 3-3 Bacillus sp., and K 1-1 Bacillus sp. (sterile zone 7.5 mm). All the tested bacteria most often caused one sign of antagonism – antibiosis.
The effect of co-application of manure on the effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizers for potato culture on old-dusted of dark serozems soil
Authors: Bobokhonova Z.K. , Boymurodov R.B.
Published: May 2021

In this article is shown, that the results of research are about one of the main problems of agricultural production of the country, the present and future production of early potatoe crop in irrigation place of Hissor district and the way of raising phosphorus fertilizer, that coefficient of use utilizing phosphorus. It is recommended the best recommendation to specialists the scientific analysis.
Quality indicators and nitrate accumulation in winter wheat grain when applying fertilizers in conditions of plain irrigated zone of Dagestan
Authors: Ismailov A.B. , Gimbatov A.Sh. , Omarova E.K. , Alimirzayeva G.A. , Radzhabov R.A.
Published: May 2021

The introduction of new highly productive high-impact varieties into production requires a revision of the rules and methods of fertilizer application in relation to these varieties' possibilities under specific cultivation conditions. Thus, the studies carried out on meadow-chestnut soil in the conditions of the flat irrigated zone of Dagestan in the study of new zoned winter wheat varieties Bezostaya 100 and Sila showed high productivity in the application of N90P45 fertilizers. The aim of the research was to study grain quality indicators and nitrate accumulation of the main food crop in the systemic application of fertilizers. In this article we present the scientific research results on the dependence of yield, protein, and gluten of new winter wheat varieties on the mineral fertilizers' application. The dependence of nitrate accumulation in winter wheat grain on mineral fertilizers' introduction was revealed.
Development of biologized system of protection of garden strawberry against dominant berry rot in the conditions of Western Ciscaucasia
Authors: Kashchits Yulia , Yakuba Galina
Published: May 2021

In connection with an increase in the harmfulness of pathogens causing berry rot on strawberries, a high risk of developing resistance to chemical synthesis drugs and a long waiting period for these fungicides, research on the selection of microbiological means of protecting crops from the dominant pathogens of berry rot is relevant. The purpose of the research: assessment of the biological effectiveness against sulfur and berry’s anthracnose rot of microbiological preparations and the development of regulations for their use in the conditions of the Western Ciscaucasia. The studies were carried out in 2019-2020 in the Krasnodar Territory on the Onda variety. The greatest biological effectiveness against the pathogen of gray rot was noted for the drug Fitosporin-M, Zh (with a consumption rate of 2.0 l / ha) - 81.2%. Slightly lower efficiency was obtained for Alirin-B, Zh (40 l / ha) and Alirin-B, SP (40 g / ha): 75.4 and 70.0%, respectively. Fitosporin-M, Zh (2.0 l / ha) and Alirin-B, SP (40 g / ha), respectively, showed high biological effectiveness against the causative agent of anthracnose rot - 86.1 and 81.9%. The elements of a biologized technology for protecting garden strawberries from these pathogens are recommended, which allow maximizing the yield, improving the quality of products by increasing its environmental safety, and preventing a decrease in the sensitivity of B. cinerea and C. acutatu to chemical fungicides. Highly effective reduction of the infectious stock in the period after flowering and before harvesting, inclusive, allows in the second half of the growing season to reduce the number of treatments by 1-2, thereby reducing energy consumption.
Scientific and practical aspects of innovative technology of pelleted seeds and their use in the national economy
Authors: Kopytkov V.V.
Published: May 2021

The research results on the pelleted seeds production technology using domestic granulator KVV-14 on the basis of plant polysaccharides were presented. Prospects of using pelleted seeds in the national economy were shown. The best quality indicators of the obtained forest species pelleted seeds were obtained in options using plant polysaccharides of sizes from 350 to 400 µm, polymer binder and “Nanoplant” microfertilizer. Their mutual use had a positive effect on the quality of pelleted seeds. Sowing of pelleted seeds with a decrease in the seeding rate by 32 -33% kg ensures the normative yield of standard forest species seedlings. Developed innovative technology of pelleted forest species seeds production based on domestic pelletizer KVV-14 using plant polysaccharides allows to conduct research with various agricultural seeds, as well as its industrial buildup with subsequent introduction.
Investigation of thermal conductivity of orange and tangerine juices in non-stationary state
Authors: Maharramov M. A.
Published: May 2021

Thermal conductivity is one of the main thermophysical properties of liquid food products, including fruit and vegetable juices. Known experimental installations measure the thermal conductivity of stationary liquids. This results in significant deviations from the actual numbers. A method of determining the thermal conductivity of a fluid in motion and an experimental installation implementing the proposed method are suggested. The developed experimental installation consists of two coaxial cylinders: internal and external. A gap between cylinders is filled with analysed liquid. The object of the study was the juices of subtropical fruits, such as oranges, tangerines grown in the subtropical regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In this work, the thermal conductivity of juices was also investigated during forced movement on an installation also consisting of two coaxial cylinders. Experimental measurements of thermal conductivity for orange and mandarin juices were carried out. Experiments were carried out at frequencies from 50, 100, 150 and 200 s-. A general description of the dependence of thermal conductivity on temperature, dry matter concentration and rotational speed made it possible to develop a model, in particular for orange juice. The described method and experimental installation for measuring the thermal conductivity of a liquid in a non-stationary state made it possible to develop a mathematical model describing the dependence of thermal conductivity on temperature, dry matter content and cylinder speed.
Influence of feed additives on sows’ reproductive functions
Authors: Gritsenko S.A. , Ermolova E.M. , Ruchai A.N. , Ermolov S.M. , Bochkarev A.K.
Published: May 2021

One of the radical ways to prevent and reduce mycotoxicosis on the animal body is the use of adsorbing feed additives in the diet. Inclusion of complex mineral and vegetable complex additive Nabikat at 0,20% dose and mineral - dry content of Glaukonit substance of 0.25% in enceinte and nursing sows’ full-fledged combined fodder composition showed that they increase the digestibility of crude fiber in the uterus during deep pregnancy by 4.97 and 4.07%, as well as the digestibility of crude fat by 5.24 and 1.71% and deposit nitrogen in it. They amount to 2.54 g and 1.24 g respectively. Compared to Glaukonit, Nabikat has a more positive effect on the anabolic properties of metabolic body processes. As a result, sows’ diversity in this group was 17.3% higher than in the control group, reaching 0.4% in the lazurite group. The difference in piglets’ preservation amounted to 10.9% and 2.2%, as well as in the weight of the litter when weaning. The age amounted to 26.5 and 0.9, respectively.%. Nabikat addition to sows’ diet reduced feed costs per piglet by 19.1 -30.4%, using Glaukonit - by 4.7 -5.8%.
Scientific support for the innovative development of sheep breeding in the Russian Federation
Authors: Marinchenko Tatiana
Published: May 2021

Increasing the output of agricultural products and improving their quality is one of the most important tasks of ensuring the food security of the Russian Federation. The main solution to this problem is the introduction of innovative technologies, which are the result of research and development. In this country, sheep breeding is developing in accordance with the tasks set by the government to increase output, improve quality and develop export potential. Currently, the main livestock of sheep is concentrated among farmers and households, which cannot provide breeding work and the introduction of innovations at the required level. The main consumers of innovations are agricultural organizations, which occupy a small share in terms of livestock and products. The aim of the study is to analyze the scientific potential of the industry from the standpoint of its sufficiency to solve the tasks set by the government.
Variability of basic blood parameters in dependence of physiological status in highly productive cows
Authors: Gukezhev V.M. , Kurashev Jh. H. , Zhekamukhov M.H. , Genchev A.G. , Taov I. Kh.
Published: May 2021

The analysis of hematological parameters of blood was carried out in highly productive cattle of black-and-white Holstein cows of the Netherlands selection on a robotic farm in the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria. To establish the influence of physiological status controlled livestock (n = 64) was divided into three groups: dry (n = 13), fresh and inseminated (n = 20) and pregnant (n = 31). The analysis was conducted for 9 basic blood elements (WBC, Lim, Gran, Mid, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCH) with setting the limit of extreme variants and the difference between them, X ± mx, σ, Cv for each group in comparison with the average values for the entire sample. It was found that the grouping of cows makes it possible to differentiate the variability and average indicators of the blood composition taking into account the physiological status. The highest rates were noted in the group of pregnant cows, lower were in the group of just calving and inseminated cows, but had not tested for pregnancy yet. Heifer cow performance was more stable.
Justification of a synbiotic preparation (“probiotic+prebiotic”) composition for use in veterinary practice
Authors: Gneusheva I.A. , Pavlovskaya N.E. , Solokhina I.Yu. , Ageeva N.Yu.
Published: May 2021

Studies have been carried out to substantiate the preparation’s composition, which includes a complex of probiotic with prebiotic. It was found that the synbiotic basis is hydrolyzed lignin as a prebiotic with a concentration of 0.5 -2.0%, strain L. paracasei with bacterial cells concentration of 48 B CFU/g with high probiotic activity and optimal biological properties, such as high adhesive activity, antagonistic activity against enteropathogenic microorganisms E. coli and S. aureus and acid-forming activity. This preparation is recommended for use in veterinary practice to prevent and treat dysbiosis, increase the natural resistance of pigs' organism.
Hepatoprotective efficiency of selenolin studied on the model of acute liver failure in rats
Authors: Semenenko Marina P. , Grin Vladimir A. , Semenenko Ksenia A. , Kuzminova Elena V. , Rogaleva Eugenia V.
Published: May 2021

The influence of selenolin on the metabolic functions of the liver of laboratory rats was studied on the model of the reproduction of acute liver failure caused by acetaminophen. It was determined that the use of selenolin inhibits and weakens the hepatotoxic effects, contributing to the correction of impaired homeostasis in rats. Under the action of the preparation, there was a decrease in enzymatic activity – AST – in 2.35 times, ALT – in 2.4 times, γ-GGT – by 21.7%, as well as an improvement in protein synthesizing function, manifested by an increase in the concentration of total protein by 26.9%. Selenolin significantly (p <0.05) reduces the level of lipid peroxidation products – DC – in 1.5 times, CD – by 56.3%, MDA – by 19.9%. Due to the organic selenium included in the preparation, selenolin helps to maintain a high activity of the enzyme antioxidant system, which leads to a decrease in the stationary level of free radical and lipid peroxidation products, allowing the body to quickly cope with pathological changes in the liver cells and in the blood homeostasis system.
Ecological and economic aspect of sustainable agriculture development on the basis of effective land use planning and land cadastral works
Authors: Denisova Elena , Silova Viktoriya
Published: May 2021

Agriculture is a complex and unstable system, the successful development of which firstly depends on the purposeful and integrated interaction of natural, social and historical conditions. Land cadastral provision acts as a guarantor of agricultural production growth, builds a socially favorable environment for the development of economic processes planned by the state. The aim of the study was to substantiate the need to improve the organizational and economic mechanism of agricultural land registration, land management and land cadastral works. Degradation processes, which have become widespread in the territory of Staropoltavsky district of Volgograd region — deflation (20.8% of agricultural land area) and salinization (30.8%) have impact on living standards and population numbers. The presence of unused arable land in 67% of rural settlements indicates the inefficiency of the monitoring and accounting system, and the presence of 39% of low-productive land indicates the untimely implementation of rehabilitation and reclamation work. The established value of the cadastral land value specific indicator (CLVSI) determines the system of economic impact in the form of land tax, rent, and other payments. The CLVSI value does not correspond to the arable quality in 50% of territory. With the help of geoinformation technologies, the boundaries and area of 16 neighborhoods and 8 settlements within the Gmelinsky rural settlement were confirmed, the total area of which is 1359.0 ha. The decrease in area amounts to 1.0%. The discrepancy in land areas according to statistical data and estimate materials amounted to 38329 hectares or 68.5%.
Taxation features in the context of economic sectors of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation
Authors: Vasilyeva T. Yu. , Romanova O.A. , Pavlova S. Yu. , Savinova L.A.
Published: May 2021

The features of modern taxation in the context of economic sectors are considered on the example of a specific region of Russia. The structure of tax revenues, gross regional product, as well as our own calculations of the actual tax burden in the context of economic activities of the Chuvash Republic are studied. It is revealed that in the studied region, such types of economic sectors as manufacturing, construction, and extraction of minerals bear a high tax burden, and in the republic as a whole, the tax burden is unevenly distributed across economic sectors due to the current structure of the region's economy. At the same time, the peculiarities of taxation of agriculture contributed to the fact that this industry provided only 0.4% of all received tax payments in Chuvashia. The agricultural sector bears a minimal tax burden. It is concluded that in current taxation conditions, organizations and entrepreneurs of the agricultural sector find it economically feasible to calculate and plan their tax burden.
Mechanisms and sources of investment development of agriculture in resource-deficient regions: russian and foreign experience
Authors: Sorokina Ekaterina
Published: May 2021

In the article, the author presents an analytical review of the mechanisms and sources of investment development of agriculture in resource-deficient regions (Russian and foreign experience). Mechanisms for the development of agriculture in the region are proposed (provision of tax incentives/ holidays for agricultural producers; construction of housing for employees working in the field of agriculture; drawing up a map of priority projects for which state support is needed; provision of fuel and lubricants to entrepreneurs on a free basis during the sowing period; formation of standard models of strategic documents for the development of agriculture in resource-deficient regions; etc.). The author proposes to introduce a” failure-target” approach to the formation, financing and implementation of projects in the field of agriculture in resource-deficient regions. The proposals presented by the author will improve the quality of strategic planning of the territory; expand the process of digitalization in the field of agriculture, allow more efficient spending of budget funds, improve the quality of project management approach.
The Human Factor in the Development of Agriculture in Russia in Modern Conditions
Authors: Ilyashenko V.V.
Published: May 2021

The article reviews the role of the human factor in the development of agriculture in modern Russia. The system of education of agricultural personnel and the specifics of workers employed in the agricultural sector are characterized. The article emphasizes the need to improve the quality of education as an integral condition for the innovative development of agriculture. There is a relatively low, in comparison with workers in other sectors of the Russian Federation, the level of wages both in the agricultural sector and in the field of training agricultural personnel. The author analyzes the influence of the monopsony nature of the labor market in the agricultural sector on the low level of wages. The data showing the insufficient financing of the sphere of training of agricultural workers are given. The measures are given, which are necessary both for the development of research work of students and for increasing the level of their professional training. The system of training scientific personnel in the agricultural sphere of activity is analyzed. The article characterizes the financial condition of agricultural organizations and its influence on solving the problems of stimulating labor in agricultural production. The author gives conclusions and proposals for the development of a system for training qualified personnel employed in the agricultural sector.
Comprehensive insurance protection of human capital in agriculture
Authors: Odinokova Tatiana , Dvoryadkina Elena , Istomina Natalia
Published: May 2021

Ensuring the development of agriculture as an important branch of the national economy and a resource that ensures national food security is traditionally in the interests of researchers. The study of the development of human capital in agriculture on the basis of a system of comprehensive insurance protection can be a relatively new vector of research. The article provides a brief description of the current state (development trends) of human capital in agriculture of the Russian Federation, the Russian practice of organizing insurance protection of human resources involved in agriculture, and identifies the need for comprehensive insurance protection. Conclusions on the need to embed a policy to ensure the development of insurance in rural areas into a unified state policy for the development of agriculture in combination with a policy for the development of state pension provision are presented.
Improving communication between citizens and authorities in the process of providing municipal services in urban and rural areas
Authors: Chevtaeva Natalya , Kachanova Elena , Ruchkin Aleksey , Kukhar Viktor
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the level of satisfaction with the provision of state and municipal services in Sverdlovsk region. Based on the results of a sociological study, the preferences of the population in the way of providing services and receiving information, as well as the level of satisfaction with the quality of services provided, are considered. The problem of high-quality provision of state and municipal services by employees of multi-functional centers is considered. Special attention is paid to the areas of improving the process of providing services to the population and improving the level of service.
COVID-19 impact on air quality and associated elements:knowledge data of the Emirate of Ajman − UAE
Authors: Kaied Yaser Omar , Darwish Abdul Salam K. , Farrell Peter
Published: May 2021

Air pollution is one of the core issues at the local and global levels and maybe “one of the most important contributors” to deaths. According to the United Nations, air pollution is one of the extreme environmental threats to health globally. Air pollution problems increased worldwide due to the massive emission volumes generated every day from the increased lifestyle associated technology. The air pollutants are not only dangerous to the health and wellbeing of plants, animals, and people, but they are also harmful to the environment as a significant contributor to recent climate change. The reduction in the volume of pollutants produced is a crucial and challenging step in managing our adverse effects on the environment and climate. The primary outdoor pollution sources include vehicles, Industry, power generation, building heating/cooling systems, and agriculture/waste incineration. The regulation, policies, clean production, investments supporting cleaner transport, energy-efficient housing, power generation, Industry, and better municipal waste management can effectively reduce critical sources of ambient air pollution. When many countries of the world are fighting the Coronavirus, as a challenge to limit its spread, because of its negative repercussions on the economy, health, and political stability as well, several reports have emerged confirming that the spread of the virus has positive effects on the climate change crisis through its impact on the demand for energy and greenhouse gas emissions in endemic countries. Ajman is an emirate that has experienced considerable change in the level of air-associated pollution. Therefore, this article aims to assess air quality impacts in the Ajman Emirates during the lockdown when social distancing was implemented, and human activities were significantly eliminated. Moreover, it seeks to identify the percentages of the improved outdoor pollutants concentrations and the general air quality index. This paper shows evidence from live measurements that the Emirate has recorded over four months since the lockdown was imposed at this Emirate and compared with similar months of the previous year. Moreover, it indicates that having climate improvement exists for specific periods could well support the fight against the COVID-19. The article clearly shows results with a significant reduction of more than 40% of each air-associated pollution element during the pandemic compared with similar periods in 2018 and 2019.
Evaluation eines Screening-Programms: Herausforderungen der
Datenerhebung am Beispiel des Neugeborenen-Hörscreenings
Authors: Söhl Kristina , Brockow Inken , Matulat Peter , am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen Antoinette , Mansmann Ulrich , Nennstiel Uta
Published: May 2021

Hintergrund Das Neugeborenen-Hörscreening (NHS) dient der
frühzeitigen Erkennung und Behandlung von angeborenen
Hörstörungen. Es ist in der
„Kinder-Richtlinie“ geregelt, die eine Evaluation nach 5
Jahren vorsieht. Diese erfolgte erstmals bundesweit für die Jahre
2011 und 2012 in Hinblick auf Struktur-, Prozess- und
Ergebnisqualität des NHS.

Fragestellung Herausforderungen bei der Ermittlung geeigneter Daten
als Grundlage der Evaluation sollen beschrieben und
Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt werden.

Methoden Als relevante Leistungserbringer des NHS wurden alle
geburtshilflichen und neonatologischen Abteilungen identifiziert und deren
Dokumentationen des NHS ausgewertet. Darüber hinaus wurden alle
pädaudiologischen Institutionen bundesweit identifiziert, um
anonymisierten Daten der Kinder mit beidseitigen, konnatalen, permanenten
Hörstörungen aus den relevanten Geburtsjahrgängen
abzufragen.

Ergebnisse Die vollständige Erfassung der relevanten
Leistungserbringer war sehr aufwendig. Über der Hälfte der
Leistungserbringer war nicht bekannt, dass für Daten des NHS eine
Sammelstatistik zu erstellen ist. Für 15% der zu screenenden
Kinder lagen keine Daten zum NHS vor. Bei der Erhebung der Kinder mit
beidseitigen konnatalen Hörstörungen wurden nur 60%
der erwarteten Fälle erfasst.

Schlussfolgerungen Für die Evaluation der Struktur-, Prozess-
und Ergebnisqualität des NHS standen teilweise nur
lückenhafte Daten zur Verfügung. Die Datengrundlage bei
geplanten Evaluationen sollte im Vorhinein in der Richtlinie präzise
definiert und Strukturen für die Erhebung der Daten prospektiv
geschaffen werden, um noch aussagekräftigere Ergebnisse zu erzielen.
Trotz der hier vorgestellten Probleme konnte die bundesweite Evaluation des
NHS wichtige Ergebnisse zum Screeningprozess aufzeigen.