bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A balanced load mapping method based on radial basis functions and fuzzy sets
Authors: Biancolini M.E. , Chiappa A. , Giorgetti F. , Groth C. , Cella U. , Salvini P.
Published: June 2018

A common issue in multiphysics analysis regards a reliable way for loose couplings, because the same object is modeled using different mesh refinements, each one suited for a proper field of physics. Output data originating from a simulation environment are transferred as input data to a different model to run a new analysis. It is strongly desirable that such information transfers in a conservative way in terms of general balance. This paper faces the problem of pressure mapping between widely dissimilar meshes. The proposed procedure yields two steps: pressure interpolation by means of radial basis functions and fuzzy subset correction. The first step is pointwise interpolation that exploits a series of basis functions. The second step applies to the outcome of the first one to reestablish load balance between the two models through the introduction of a smooth correction field. Practical tests from the aeronautical field allow validating the method.
Sulfonated Compounds Bind with Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP248–286) to Inhibit the Formation of Amyloid Fibrils
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Yang Haikui , Yang Zichao , Tan Suiyi , Jin Jiabin , Liu Shuwen , Zhang Jiajie
Published: June 2018

The peptide segment of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP248–286) aggregates to form SEVI (semen‐derived enhancer of virus infection) amyloid fibrils. These are characteristic seminal amyloids that have the ability to promote the effect of HIV infection. In this paper, we explore the binding of sulfonated compounds with PAP248–286 through an in silico study. Three derivatives of suramin, NF110, NF279, and NF340, are selected. All of these sulfonated molecules bind to PAP248–286 and alter the conformation of the peptide, even though they have various structures, sizes, and configurations. The compounds bind with PAP248–286 through multiple interactions, such as hydrogen‐bonding interactions, hydrophobic interactions, π–π stacking interactions, and electrostatic interactions. However, NF110, which has an X‐shaped configuration, has the highest binding affinity of the three derivatives investigated. We also perform surface plasmon resonance and a Congo red assay to validate the results. The interactions between PAP248–286 and the sulfonated compounds are proposed to depend on the orientations of the sulfonate groups and the specific configurations of the compounds instead of the number of sulfonate groups. NF110 molecules occupy the exposed binding sites of PAP248–286, blocking interactions between the peptides. Therefore, these compounds are important in inhibiting the aggregation of PAP248–286. Herein, we provide useful information to develop new efficient microbicides to antagonize seminal amyloid fibrils and to block HIV transmission.
Are Reemployment Services Effective? Experimental Evidence from the Great Recession
Authors: Michaelides Marios , Mueser Peter
Published: June 2018

We examine an experimental‐design reemployment program implemented in Nevada during the Great Recession that required Unemployment Insurance (UI) recipients to: (1) undergo an eligibility review to confirm they were qualified for benefits and actively searching for work and, if deemed eligible, (2) receive job‐counseling services. Our results show that the program expedited participant exit from UI, produced UI savings that exceeded program costs, and improved participant employment outcomes. Analyses of program effects on the UI exit likelihood show that the program's effects are partly associated with increased participant exit up through the time when program activities were scheduled, reflecting voluntary exit of participants from UI to avoid program activities and disqualifications of participants who failed to meet eligibility requirements. In addition, the program induced substantial participant exit from UI in the period after participants fulfilled requirements and their interactions with the program had ended, suggesting that the job‐counseling services offered by the program may have helped participants to conduct more effective job searches. Our findings provide evidence that reemployment programs that combine an eligibility review with mandatory participation in job‐search services can be effective during recessions.
Using the MEDiPORT humanoid robot to reduce procedural pain and distress in children with cancer: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jibb Lindsay A. , Birnie Kathryn A. , Nathan Paul C. , Beran Tanya N. , Hum Vanessa , Victor J. Charles , Stinson Jennifer N.
Published: June 2018

Background

Subcutaneous port needle insertions are painful and distressing for children with cancer. The interactive MEDiPORT robot has been programmed to implement psychological strategies to decrease pain and distress during this procedure. This study assessed the feasibility of a future MEDiPORT trial. The secondary aim was to determine the preliminary effectiveness of MEDiPORT in reducing child pain and distress during subcutaneous port accesses.

Methods

This 5‐month pilot randomized controlled trial used a web‐based service to randomize 4‐ to 9‐year‐olds with cancer to the MEDiPORT cognitive‐behavioral arm (robot using evidence‐based cognitive‐behavioral interventions) or active distraction arm (robot dancing and singing) while a nurse conducted a needle insertion. We assessed accrual and retention; technical difficulties; outcome measure completion by children, parents, and nurses; time taken to complete the study and clinical procedure; and child‐, parent‐, and nurse‐rated acceptability. Descriptive analyses, with exploratory inferential testing of child pain and distress data, were used to address study aims.

Results

Forty children were randomized across study arms. Most (85%) eligible children participated and no children withdrew. Technical difficulties were more common in the cognitive‐behavioral arm. Completion times for the study and needle insertion were acceptable and >96% of outcome measure items were completed. Overall, MEDiPORT and the study were acceptable to participants. There was no difference in pain between arms, but distress during the procedure was less pronounced in the active distraction arm.

Conclusion

The MEDiPORT study appears feasible to implement as an adequately‐powered effectiveness‐assessing trial following modifications to the intervention and study protocol.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02611739.
A case of inherited type 1 and type 2A von Willebrand disease confirmed by diagnostic exome sequencing
Authors: Shim Ye Jee , Park So Yun , Jung Nani , Kim Heung Sik , Ha Jung‐Sook , Jang Ja‐Hyun
Published: June 2018

A 10‐year‐old male and his family members visited a pediatric hematology clinic due to coagulopathy. Laboratory tests indicated von Willebrand disease (vWD) in all the family members. We conducted diagnostic exome sequencing for confirmation. The patient was confirmed to be a compound heterozygote for vWD: c.2574C > G (p.Cys858Trp) from his father (known variant of vWD type 1) and c.3390C > T (p.Pro1127_Gly1180delinsArg) from his mother (variant known to result in exon 26 skipping in vWD type 2A). He was managed with factor VIII and von Willebrand factor complex concentrate during palatoplasty due to bleeding despite pre‐operative desmopressin injection. The operation was completed successfully.
Unfavorable presentation but comparable outcome: Presentation and outcome of children with nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma from India
Authors: Prasad Maya , Narula Gaurav , Chinnaswamy Girish , Arora Brijesh , Shet Tanuja , Panjwani Poonam , Sengar Manju , Laskar Siddharth , Khanna Nehal , Banavali Shripad
Published: June 2018

Background

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is an uncommon subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) with few published studies in children, entirely from North America and Europe. We analyzed clinical features and treatment outcome of pediatric NLPHL.

Procedure

Children less than 18 years of age diagnosed after histopathology review to have NLPHL between June 1998 and August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Descriptive details of clinical presentation and treatment were collected, and outcomes analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.

Results

Of the 42 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of NLPHL during this period, there was complete information on 35. Median age was 11 years (range 6–16 years), male:female ratio was 4.8:1, there were 15, 11, 6, and 3 patients with Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV disease, respectively. Six patients had B symptoms, 10 had bulky disease, and 3 had bone marrow as well as extranodal involvement. Histology was typical NLPHL in 23 and variant in 12. Twenty‐nine received chemotherapy, 10 with additional radiation, 3 patients with early stage disease received only radiotherapy and three others underwent complete node resection alone. Median follow‐up was 55 months (range 7–165 months), 5 year event‐free survival (EFS) was 83.3%, and overall survival 97.1%. Variant NLPHL histology was associated with higher incidence of unfavorable presentation and lower EFS.

Conclusions

NLPHL in India has an excellent outcome, despite a higher incidence of unfavorable presentations such as advanced stage disease, B symptoms, and bulky disease. Variant histology is an adverse prognostic factor.
Novel Self‐Reinforced Films Based on Poly (3‐Hydroxybutyrate‐Co‐3‐Hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and PHBV Microparticles
Authors: Malmir Sara , Montero Belén , Rico Maite , Barral Luis , Bouza Rebeca , Farrag Yousof
Published: June 2018

Biodegradable self‐reinforced films of poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and PHBV microparticles were prepared through the solvent casting method (srPHBV). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) and polarized optical microscopy results confirmed the nucleating effect of PHBV microparticles. WAXS proved that diffractograms of PHBV and srPHBV‐6 films at room temperature contain the main characteristic diffraction peaks of an orthorhombic α‐type crystalline structure. Small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) showed a similar decrement rate of long spacing in PHBV and srPHBV films. SAXS/WAXS data revealed that when the amount of filler was increased, lamellae thickness grew. Transmission electron microscopy images illustrated well filler dispersion in the srPHBV films. Scanning electron microscopy results exhibited a significant reduction in porosity for srPHBV films once the PHBV microparticles were added. Atomic force microscopy analysis showed higher surface roughness after filler incorporation. Samples of srPHBV films showed higher barrier properties against water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Combined properties of srPHBV films revealed the possibility of being suitable candidates for food packaging applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E120–E128, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
From Motive Dispositions to States to Outcomes: An Intensive Experience Sampling Study on Communal Motivational Dynamics in Couples
Authors: Zygar Caroline , Hagemeyer Birk , Pusch Sebastian , Schönbrodt Felix D.
Published: June 2018

Embedded in a theoretically founded process model (termed Dynamics of Motive Satisfaction, ‘DynaMoS’), the present study examined the links between the implicit dispositional communion motive, everyday motivational dynamics, and relationship outcomes in couples. Within–subject processes are proposed to explain between–subject associations of dispositional motives and relationship satisfaction. For an empirical test of the model, data on the dispositional partner–related need for communion and global relationship satisfaction were obtained from 152 individuals in heterosexual relationships. In an extensive experience sampling spanning 2 weeks, a subsample of 130 individuals answered questions about their current motivational states, mood, state relationship satisfaction, and experiences with their partner five times a day. The results were largely consistent with the DynaMoS model: (1) individuals with a strong dispositional implicit communion motive reported more often to be in a communal motivational state; (2) communally motivated individuals were more likely to engage in subsequent instrumental behaviour; and (3) relationship experiences that potentially satisfy communion motivation led to more positive relationship outcomes when individuals were motivated before compared with when they were not. It is discussed how these results and the experience sampling method can foster our understanding of how dispositional characteristics translate into everyday processes and shape relationship outcomes. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology
Mechanism of neurotransmitter release coming into focus
Authors: Rizo Josep
Published: June 2018

Research for three decades and major recent advances have provided crucial insights into how neurotransmitters are released by Ca2+‐triggered synaptic vesicle exocytosis, leading to reconstitution of basic steps that underlie Ca2+‐dependent membrane fusion and yielding a model that assigns defined functions for central components of the release machinery. The soluble N‐ethyl maleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) syntaxin‐1, SNAP‐25, and synaptobrevin‐2 form a tight SNARE complex that brings the vesicle and plasma membranes together and is key for membrane fusion. N‐ethyl maleimide sensitive factor (NSF) and soluble NSF attachment proteins (SNAPs) disassemble the SNARE complex to recycle the SNAREs for another round of fusion. Munc18‐1 and Munc13‐1 orchestrate SNARE complex formation in an NSF‐SNAP‐resistant manner by a mechanism whereby Munc18‐1 binds to synaptobrevin and to a self‐inhibited “closed” conformation of syntaxin‐1, thus forming a template to assemble the SNARE complex, and Munc13‐1 facilitates assembly by bridging the vesicle and plasma membranes and catalyzing opening of syntaxin‐1. Synaptotagmin‐1 functions as the major Ca2+ sensor that triggers release by binding to membrane phospholipids and to the SNAREs, in a tight interplay with complexins that accelerates membrane fusion. Many of these proteins act as both inhibitors and activators of exocytosis, which is critical for the exquisite regulation of neurotransmitter release. It is still unclear how the actions of these various proteins and multiple other components that control release are integrated and, in particular, how they induce membrane fusion, but it can be expected that these fundamental questions can be answered in the near future, building on the extensive knowledge already available.
Enhanced Electrical and Mechanical Properties of a Printed Bimodal Silver Nanoparticle Ink for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Liu Zhongyang , Ji Hongjun , Wang Shuai , Zhao Weiwei , Huang Yan , Feng Huanhuan , Wei Jun , Li Mingyu
Published: June 2018

Electrical patterns that can be formed with high electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness under mild conditions are critical for developing flexible electronics with heat‐sensitive substrates. Here, the authors synthesize bimodal Ag nanoparticle (AgNP) inks by mixing two sizes of AgNPs (10 and 50 nm) and sintering them at room temperature in air on photopaper without any heat or chemical treatment. The optimized particle size ratio, sintered microstructures, and properties of the bimodal inks are systematically investigated and compared with those of the unimodal inks. These inks are printed and sintered at room temperature in air using accurate and controllable washing processes. An optimized resistivity as low as 3.66×10−6 Ω cm is obtained when the ratio of the 10 nm AgNPs to the 50 nm AgNPs is 2:1. The bimodal ink could be printed in a short time and exhibited good bending performance with reduced coffee‐ring defects. The enhanced performance indicates that even just by matching the particle sizes and using the appropriate cleaning process, the bimodal AgNPs ink could be sintered with uniform morphologies throughout the repeated printing process to achieve a remarkably low resistivity. The proposed water‐based bimodal AgNP ink will enable one‐step inkjet printing and sintering for the first time with improved properties and convenience for developing highly sensitive flexible substrates and devices.
Comprehensive Studies on the Hydrothermal Strategy for the Synthesis of Na3(VO1−xPO4)2F1+2x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) and their Na‐Storage Performance
Authors: Qi Yuruo , Zhao Junmei , Yang Chao , Liu Huizhou , Hu Yong‐Sheng
Published: June 2018

Sodium vanadium fluorophosphate, Na3(VO1−xPO4)2F1+2x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), is proved to be a series of very promising cathode materials for Na‐ion batteries, owing to the high operating voltage and structural stability. However, the selective preparation of phase‐pure Na3(VO1−xPO4)2F1+2x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) with outstanding electrochemical performance still remains a big challenge. Moreover, there are lots of discrepancies concerning the Na‐storage properties, including a diversity of voltage profiles and capacities reported, based on the variety of synthetic methods. Herein, a comprehensive investigation is conducted about the fabrication of phase‐pure Na3(VO1−xPO4)2F1+2x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) by employing different starting materials and corresponding synthetic conditions, based on a facile low‐temperature hydrothermal strategy. Results show that the pH in the reaction system may be of vital importance for the successful preparation of Na3(VO1−xPO4)2F1+2x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) with special microarchitecture. Furthermore, it is found that NaH2PO4·2H2O is the most appropriate phosphorus source, while VCl3, VOSO4·xH2O, and NH4VO3 are the best choices of vanadium sources to prepare Na3(VO1−xPO4)2F1+2x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) with superior Na‐storage performance. This is the first time that the underlying correlations between the starting materials and the Na‐storage performance, are investigated and further that guidance for the selective synthesis of phase‐pure Na3(VO1−xPO4)2F1+2x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) with superior performance is provided.
Highly efficient Ternary Solar Cells of 10.2% with Core/Shell Quantum Dots via FRET Effect
Authors: Han Yong Woon , Jeon Sung Jae , Choi Jun Young , Kim Joo Hyun , Moon Doo Kyung
Published: June 2018

Ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) with the efficiency over 10% are fabricated as an inverted structure with core/shell type quantum dots (QDs) as third component. Förster resonance energy transfer occurs due to overlap between the emission range (λem = 500–800 nm) of InP/ZnS QDs and the absorption range (λabs = 550–800 nm) of PTB7‐Th donor polymer. InP/ZnS QDs increase the photocurrent of the hybrid active layer via the strong emission properties of ZnS shells surrounding the InP core QDs, which transfer photon energy to PTB7‐Th (UV‐vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling reveals that InP/ZnS QDs are distributed on the surface of the hybrid active layer, while grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) analysis reveals that these QDs enhance the crystalline structure of the hybrid active layer. The incorporation of an ethanedithiol (EDT)‐modified ZnO layer as an electron transport layer enhances the carrier transport and decreases carrier recombination, providing a uniform morphology and surface potential favorable for electron extraction and transport, as indicated by atomic force microscopy and electrostatic force microscopy analyses. Due to the synergistic effects of InP/ZnS QDs and the EDT‐modified ZnO layer, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 10.2% via the enhancement in short‐circuit current density (JSC) from 17.4 to 18.4 mA cm−2 and fill factor (FF) from 67.2 to 69.3%.
Microstructure and Obdurability Improvement Mechanisms of the La‐Microalloyed H13 Steel
Authors: Zhu Jian , Xie Jianxin , Zhang Zhihao , Huang Haiyou
Published: June 2018

Rare earth microalloying is one of the most important methods to improve the mechanical properties of die steels. This paper investigates the relationships among addition of La, microstructure, and mechanical properties of H13 steel. The influences of following factors on obdurability improvement of La‐microalloyed H13 steel, such as grain refinement, deoxidization and desulphurization, grain boundary. and precipitations, have been studied. The results indicate that with the increase of La content in the range of 0–0.45 wt%, the primary dendritic spacing and average grain size of as‐cast samples decrease at the beginning and then increase. The tensile strength, yield strengthand impact toughnessof hot‐forged samples after quenching and tempering treatments increase at the beginning and then decrease with the increase of La content. The mechanical test results indicate that with 0.03 wt% La content, the obdurability of hot–forged H13 steel after quenching and tempering treatments increases obviously. As compared with La‐free H13 steel, the and of hot‐forged H13 steel containing 0.03 wt% La increase by 5.0% and 4.6%, increases by 67.8% from 29.0 to 48.7 J·cm−2. La‐microalloyed effect is attributed to grain refinement, La2O2S precipitations and dislocation density of H13 steel.
Effect of Vanadium on the Phase Transformation Behavior of Ti–Mo Microalloyed Ultra‐High Strength Steel
Authors: Gan Xiaolong , Yang Gengwei , Zhao Gang , Mao Xinping , Huang Huihui , Xu Guang
Published: June 2018

Vanadium is a vital microalloying element in the precipitation hardening of hot‐rolled high strength steel. Its effects on the continuous cooling phase transformation behavior, microstructure, and properties of Ti–Mo and Ti–Mo–V microalloyed ultra‐high strength steels are studied by the thermal simulator, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and electron backscatter diffractometer (EBSD). The dynamic continuous cooling transformation curves are obtained which show that vanadium can restrain the ferrite‐pearlite and bainite transformation, refine the microstructure, and harden the steel matrix. It is also found that the strain‐induced precipitation of nano‐sized (Ti, Mo) C and (Ti, V, Mo) C particles, with NaCl type structure, exists in Ti–Mo and Ti–Mo–V steel, respectively, as identified by the HRTEM and EDS. And the lattice constants of (Ti, Mo) C and (Ti, V, Mo) C are 0.432 and 0.430 nm, respectively. The higher hardness of Ti–Mo–V steel is attributed to the grain refinement and precipitation hardening by the nano‐sized (Ti, Mo, V) C particles.
Leucine-Rich Repeat Neuronal Protein 1 Regulates Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells by Post-Translational Modifications of Pluripotency Factors
Authors: Liao Chien-Huang , Wang Ya-Hui , Chang Wei-Wei , Yang Bei-Chia , Wu Tsai-Jung , Liu Wei-Li , Yu Alice L. , Yu John
Published: June 2018

Stem cell surface markers may facilitate a better understanding of stem cell biology through molecular function studies or serve as tools to monitor the differentiation status and behavior of stem cells in culture or tissue. Thus, it is important to identify additional novel stem cell markers. We used glycoproteomics to discover surface glycoproteins on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) that may be useful stem cell markers. We found that a surface glycoprotein, leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein 1 (LRRN1), is expressed abundantly on the surface of hESCs before differentiation into embryoid bodies (EBs). Silencing of LRRN1 with short hairpin RNA (shLRRN1) in hESCs resulted in decreased capacity of self-renewal, and skewed differentiation toward endoderm/mesoderm lineages in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, the protein expression levels of the pluripotency factors OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 were reduced. Interestingly, the mRNA levels of these pluripotency factors were not affected in LRRN1 silenced cells, but protein half-lives were substantially shortened. Furthermore, we found LRRN1 silencing led to nuclear export and proteasomal degradation of all three pluripotency factors. In addition, the effects on nuclear export were mediated by AKT phosphorylation. These results suggest that LRRN1 plays an important role in maintaining the protein stability of pluripotency factors through AKT phosphorylation, thus maintaining hESC self-renewal capacity and pluripotency. Overall, we found that LRRN1 contributes to pluripotency of hESC by preventing translocation of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 from nucleus to cytoplasm, thereby lessening their post-translational modification and degradation.
Product development resilience through set‐based design
Authors: Rapp Stephen , Chinnam Ratna , Doerry Norbert , Murat Alper , Witus Gary
Published: June 2018

Often during a system Product Development program, external factors or requirements change, forcing system design change. This uncertainty adversely affects program outcome, often adding to development time and cost, production cost, and can compromise system performance. We present a development approach that minimizes the impacts, by proactively considering the possibility of changes in the external factors and the implications of mid‐course design changes. The approach considers the set of alternative designs and the burdens of a mid‐course change from one design to another in determining the relative value of a specific design through the set‐based design methodology. The approach considers and plans parallel (redundant) development of alternative designs with progressive selection of options, including time‐versus‐cost tradeoffs and the impact change‐costs. The approach includes a framework of the development process addressing design and integration lead‐times, their relationship to the time‐order of design decisions, and the time‐dependent burden of design changes. We also compare set‐based and single point design schemes.
In this issue of Weather
Authors: Galvin Jim
Published: June 2018

We begin this month with an examination of lightning over the area surrounding the British Isles by Derek Elsom, Sven‐Erik Enno, Andrew Horseman and Jonathan Webb: ‘Compiling lightning counts for the UK land area and an assessment of the lightning risk facing UK inhabitants’ on p. 171. Derek and his co‐authors present the difference between data for the ‘UK service area’ and ‘UK land area’ to give a more realistic estimate of the risk of lightning strike for the British population than is often presented in the press. The results are informative in this well‐presented paper.

On p. 179, we move onto ‘Daily weather in Dublin 1716–1734: the diary of Isaac Butler’ by MG Sanderson. Weather diaries kept in the early days of weather observation are a valuable addition to our knowledge of long‐term climate, and Isaac Butler's records were meticulous, albeit non‐instrumental.

There is a long‐standing need for instruments – located at specific sites – that may provide early warning of lightning – especially for aviation, construction and sport. On p. 187, Alec Bennett describes a new system to assist in the production of lightning warnings in ‘Warning of imminent lightning using single‐site meteorological observations’.

Although the effects of the monsoon are very variable in Pakistan, its effects are important, particularly given the shrinking glaciers of the western Himalaya. In ‘Evaluation of statistical downscaling models using pattern and dependence structure in the monsoon‐dominated region of Pakistan’ on p. 193, Firdos Khan, Shaukat Ali and Jürgen Pilz look at this variability using observations and down‐scaled data from large‐scale climate models.
D-type conformal matter and SU/USp quivers
Authors: Kim Hee-Cheol , Razamat Shlomo S. , Vafa Cumrun , Zafrir Gabi
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We discuss the four dimensional models obtained by compactifying a single M5 brane probing D

N
singularity (minimal D-type (1, 0) conformal matter in six dimensions) on a torus with flux for abelian subgroups of the SO(4N) flavor symmetry. We derive the resulting quiver field theories in four dimensions by first compactifying on a circle and relating the flux to duality domain walls in five dimensions. This leads to novel

$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$

N
=
1

dualities in 4 dimensions which arise from distinct five dimensional realizations of the circle compactifications of the D-type conformal matter.
Ghost free mimetic massive gravity
Authors: Chamseddine Ali H. , Mukhanov Viatcheslav
Published: June 2018

Abstract

The mass of the graviton can be generated using a Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism with four scalar fields. We show that when one of these fields is costrained as in mimetic gravity, the massive gravity obtained is ghost free and consistent. The mass term is not of the Fierz-Pauli type. There are only five degrees of freedom and the sixth degree of freedom associated with the Boulware-Deser ghost is constrained and replaced by mimetic matter to all orders. The van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov discontinuity is also absent.
Cost Incurred by the Family for Surgery in Their Children: A Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Banu Tahmina , Chowdhury Tanvir K. , Aziz Tasmiah T. , Das Arni , Tamanna Nowrin , Pulock Orindom S. , Imam Md. Sharif , Karim Anwarul , Akter Mastura , Walid Adnan
Published: June 2018

Background

Cost of getting health services is a major concern in Bangladesh as well as in many other countries. A family has to bear more than half of the health care cost despite many facilities provided by the public hospitals. This out‐of‐pocket (OOP) expenditure drives many families under the poverty line. The aim of this study was to find out the exact cost incurred by the family for a surgical operation of their child in the public and private sectors in Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted to find out the cost of child surgery in different settings of public and private hospitals in Chittagong division, Bangladesh. Cost of herniotomy was then compared across different settings.

Results

In this study, cost of operation in urban private hospitals was highest mostly due to surgeon and anesthetist fee. The cost was lowest in outreach programs as surgeon fee, anesthetist fee and accommodation cost was nil; food and transport cost was minimum. However, cost of accommodation, food, transport and medicine contributed significantly to OOP expenditure especially in tertiary‐level public hospitals, in both indoor and day care settings, and also in private urban hospitals.

Conclusions

Our study provides some insight into the OOP expenditure in different health care settings in Bangladesh. This study might be useful in developing a strategy to minimize the OOP expenditure in this country.
Implementation of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist Correlates with Reduced Surgical Mortality and Length of Hospital Admission in a High‐Income Country
Authors: de Jager Elzerie , Gunnarsson Ronny , Ho Yik‐Hong
Published: June 2018

Background

The World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC) has been widely implemented in an effort to decrease surgical adverse events. The effects of the checklist on postoperative outcomes have not previously been examined in Australia, and there is limited evidence on the effects of the checklist in the long term.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted using administrative databases to examine the effects of the implementation of the checklist on postoperative outcomes. Data from 21,306 surgical procedures, performed over a 5‐year time period at a tertiary care centre in Australia where the WHO SSC was introduced in the middle of this period, were analysed using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Postoperative mortality rates decreased from 1.2 to 0.92% [p = 0.038, OR 0.74 (0.56–0.98)], and length of admission decreased from 5.2 to 4.7 days (p = 0.014). The reduction in mortality rates reached significance at the 2–3 years post‐implementation period [p = 0.017, OR 0.61 (0.41–0.92)]. The observed decrease in mortality rates was independent of the surgical procedure duration.

Conclusion

Implementation of the WHO SSC was associated with a statistically significant reduction in mortality and length of admission over a 5‐year time period. This is the first study demonstrating a reduction in postoperative mortality after the implementation of the checklist in an Australian setting. In this study, a relatively longer period examined, comparative to previous international studies, may have allowed factors like surgical culture change to take effect.
Orthopaedic Surgeon Density in South Africa
Authors: Dell A. J. , Gray S. , Fraser R. , Held M. , Dunn R.
Published: June 2018

Background

In the era of global surgery, there are limited data regarding the available surgical workforce in South Africa.

Methods

This aim of this study was to determine the orthopaedic surgeon density in South Africa. This involved a quantitative descriptive analysis of all registered specialist orthopaedic surgeons in South Africa, using data collected from various professional societal national databases.

Results

The results showed 1.63 orthopaedic surgeons per 100,000 population. The vast majority were male (95%) with under two‐thirds (65%) being under the age of 55 years. The majority of the orthopaedic surgeons were found in Gauteng, followed by the Western Cape and Kwa‐Zulu Natal. The majority of specialists reportedly worked either full time or part time in the private sector (95%), and the orthopaedic surgeon density per uninsured population (0.36) was far below that of the private sector (8.3).

Conclusion

Interprovincial differences as well as intersectoral differences were marked indicating geographic and socio‐economic maldistribution of orthopaedic surgeons. This parallels previous studies which looked at other surgical sub‐disciplines in South Africa. Addressing this maldistribution requires concerted efforts to expand public sector specialist posts as well as quantifying the burden of orthopaedic disease in both private and public sectors before recommendations can be made regarding workforce allocation in the future.

Level of evidence

IV
Pine stumps act as hotspots for seedling regeneration after pine dieback in a mixed natural forest dominated by Chamaecyparis obtusa
Authors: Fukasawa Yu
Published: June 2018

Over the past few decades, rural forest ecosystems in Japan have experienced dynamic vegetation changes due to forest dieback and changes in land use, leading to the loss of local species populations and biodiversity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of pine (Pinus densiflora) stumps and logs for tree seedling regeneration in a mixed natural forest in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, that had previously experienced severe pine dieback, and to determine which factors most greatly affect seedling establishment. Seedlings of 17 tree species were recorded on pine stumps and logs in later stages of decay, among which Chamaecyparis obtusa and Rhododendron reticulatum were most dominant. Both of these species had a greater density on pine stumps than on logs or soil, despite stumps covering less than 0.5% of the study area. In addition, the seedling densities of both species were positively associated with moss cover on coarse woody debris, but negatively associated with wood pH. Brown rot in the sapwood and heartwood, which occurred more frequently in stumps than in logs, also positively associated with the seedling densities of both species. Predictive modelling showed that C. obtusa seedlings exhibited a stronger response to pH in stumps than in logs. Therefore, since brown‐rotted wood is acidic due to fungal decay activities, brown‐rotted pine stumps may present hotspots of C. obtusa seedling regeneration at the study site.
Rejection sensitivity and psychopathology symptoms in early adolescence: The moderating role of personality organization
Authors: Fontana Andrea , De Panfilis Chiara , Casini Erica , Preti Emanuele , Richetin Juliette , Ammaniti Massimo
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Emerging personality organization may play an important role in the psychological adjustment of early adolescents, but research in this area is still limited. The current study evaluated if personality organization moderates the association between rejection sensitivity and adverse psychological outcomes in early adolescence.

Methods

Three‐hundred eighty‐six early adolescents (age range 13–15 years; 51% Female) attending junior high schools in Italy completed the semi‐structured Interview of Personality Organization Processes in Adolescence (IPOP‐A), the Children's Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (CRSQ), and the Youth Self Report/11–18 (YSR).

Results

Disruption in the emerging personality organization was associated with increasing symptom problems in early adolescence. Conversely, the successful development of personality organization buffered the relation between rejection sensitivity and negative psychological outcomes (i.e., conduct and affective problems).

Conclusion

These findings encourage to accurately evaluate personality organization in adolescence, in order to take into account difficulties but also strengths in personality organization when treating early adolescents.
Expression and Transformation of Loyalty in a Contractual Service Setting: A Processual View
Authors: Quach Sara , Hewege Chandana , Le Viet
Published: June 2018

The main objectives of this study are twofold: (1) to gauge the expressions of loyalty toward a service provider, (2) to identify possible transformations of loyalty in the contractual service settings. Using an integrative theoretical perspective, the study presents a more holistic understanding of the dynamics of loyalty transformation taking a processual view. Following an interpretive research approach, we conducted twenty-eight semi-structured interviews with customers and managers of major mobile telephony service providers. The findings confirm that customer loyalty can transform into various states: (1) fanaticism, (2) stage of transition, (3) point of disinterest, and (4) state of betrayal. Moreover, it is determined that customers could express their loyalty to the service provider in several ways signifying their concern, advocacy, rituals, identification, beliefs, and nostalgic feelings.
Understanding the impact of sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease: A call to action
Authors: Nebel Rebecca A. , Aggarwal Neelum T. , Barnes Lisa L. , Gallagher Aimee , Goldstein Jill M. , Kantarci Kejal , Mallampalli Monica P. , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Scott Laura , Yu Wai Haung , Maki Pauline M. , Mielke Michelle M.
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Precision medicine methodologies and approaches have advanced our understanding of the clinical presentation, development, progression, and management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. However, sex and gender have not yet been adequately integrated into many of these approaches.

Methods

The Society for Women's Health Research Interdisciplinary Network on AD, comprised of an expert panel of scientists and clinicians, reviewed ongoing and published research related to sex and gender differences in AD.

Results

The current review is a result of this Network's efforts and aims to: (1) highlight the current state‐of‐the‐science in the AD field on sex and gender differences; (2) address knowledge gaps in assessing sex and gender differences; and (3) discuss 12 priority areas that merit further research.

Discussion

The exclusion of sex and gender has impeded faster advancement in the detection, treatment, and care of AD across the clinical spectrum. Greater attention to these differences will improve outcomes for both sexes.
‘Make the terror behind greater than the terror in front’? Internal discipline, forced participation, and the I.R.A., 1919–21
Authors: Hughes Brian
Published: June 2018

This article will explore two relatively neglected features of the Irish Republican Army’s (I.R.A.) guerrilla war between 1919 and 1921: internal discipline and forced participation. The gravest disciplinary measure was the death penalty and I.R.A. orders directed that it should apply to members guilty of certain offences against the army. While British army and police officials often insisted that the I.R.A. executed its own without scruple, the death penalty was rarely carried out in practice. General Headquarters (G.H.Q.) was largely unsuccessful in applying a standard disciplinary code and there was also a general inconsistency and lack of rigour in applying other punitive measures for less serious offences. On a related theme, it was not uncommon for soldiers to be ‘conscripted’ or forced to take part in operations under duress during irregular warfare. In the Irish case, this idea has rarely been discussed. It will be argued here that, along with the death penalty and strict punitive measures, forced participation was an uncomfortable idea and often counter-productive in practice. The nature and extent of discipline and coercion was also firmly dictated by local conditions and personalities.
Henry II and the ideological foundations of Angevin rule in Ireland
Authors: Veach Colin
Published: June 2018

The English invasion of Ireland is of central importance to the interconnected histories of Britain and Ireland. Yet there is still disagreement over the agency of its ultimate sponsor, King Henry II. This article argues that from the very beginning of his reign as king of England, Henry utilised a rising tide of intolerance among Europe’s clerical elite for those holding non-standard beliefs and customs to secure reluctant papal approval for an invasion of Ireland. Once that invasion finally got underway a decade and a half later, members of his court portrayed Henry’s firm rule as the necessary precursor to the reform of Irish religion and culture. This propaganda sought its justification in the intellectual and cultural flourishing of the twelfth-century renaissance, which provided European commentators with newly-revived models of logic and classification. In was also carried out amidst Crusade-inspired justifications for the violent subjugation or killing of religious non-conformists. The essential point, however, is that these clerical descriptions did not necessarily reflect contemporary secular opinion. When works written for secular audiences in the vernacular are analysed, they present a much more nuanced image of Ireland and the Irish. Gone are the references to civilising or reforming missions, and the clear sense of cultural superiority. What remains, however, is the fundamental belief that strong, centralised order is required for the successful running of society. This is what the English invaders told themselves, and this is what informed the first generation of settlement in Angevin Ireland.
Transportation, Deportation and Exile: Perspectives from the Colonies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Authors: De Vito Christian G. , Anderson Clare , Bosma Ulbe
Published: June 2018

The essays in this volume provide a new perspective on the history of convicts and penal colonies. They demonstrate that the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were a critical period in the reconfiguration of empires, imperial governmentality, and punishment, including through extensive punitive relocation and associated extractive labour. Ranging across the global contexts of Africa, Asia, Australasia, Japan, the Americas, the Pacific, Russia, and Europe, and exploring issues of criminalization, political repression, and convict management alongside those of race, gender, space, and circulation, this collection offers a perspective from the colonies that radically transforms accepted narratives of the history of empire and the history of punishment. In this introduction, we argue that a colony-centred perspective reveals that, during a critical period in world history, convicts and penal colonies created new spatial hierarchies, enabled the incorporation of territories into spheres of imperial influence, and forged new connections and distinctions between “metropoles” and “colonies”. Convicts and penal colonies enabled the formation of expansive and networked global configurations and processes, a factor hitherto unappreciated in the literature.
Case report classics in otolaryngology – head and neck surgery: citation analysis
Authors: Edelmayer L W , Fenton J E , Yellin S A , Shearer D J , Coelho D H
Published: June 2018

Objectives

To analyse publication and citations trends of case reports within otolaryngology – head and neck surgery literature, with specific attention to the most-cited reports.

Study design

Database query.

Methods

Web of Science was searched for article type ‘case reports’ published in the leading otolaryngology – head and neck surgery journals since 1945. Variables including publication dates, citation dates and numbers, author, author number, and others were recorded and analysed for trends. The reports with the most citations (classics) were further studied.

Results

Of nearly 67 000 published articles in leading otolaryngology – head and neck surgery journals, the overall number of case reports as a percentage of the total has substantially decreased over time. A total of 110 case report classics were identified for which citations have increased.

Conclusion

Although the case report may not be worthy of its tarnished record, declining trends in publication suggest a limited future for this valuable research and educational resource.
White affects and sociolinguistic activism
Authors: Bucholtz Mary
Published: June 2018

This year, undergraduates in my class ‘Language, race, and ethnicity’ carried out collaborative sociolinguistic activism projects addressing a range of issues in our community, such as racist street signs and California's ban on diacritics in personal names on official documents. Despite my and my teaching assistants’ explicit instructions that the projects should aim to effect some tangible change—the replacement of the street signs, the legalization of diacritics—many students focused instead on the more amorphous goal of ‘raising awareness’ of these issues on our campus and in the local community. As we explained, while raising the public profile of a social injustice is a necessary step toward changing it, this act alone cannot bring about change.
The sluttified sex: Verbal misogyny reflects and reinforces gender order in wireless China
Authors: Jing-Schmidt Zhuo , Peng Xinjia
Published: June 2018

This article describes emerging misogynistic labels involving the morphemebiăo‘slut’ as a gendered personal suffix in the Chinese cyber lexicon. We analyze the morphological, semantic, and cognitive processes behind their coinage, and the way they are used across gender lines in Chinese social media as a community of discourse practice. Our findings show that women participate in female pejoration as much as men do, and that men are more inclined than women to use pejorative labels that specifically attack female empowerment. Additionally, men construct masculinity and power by using certain misogynistic labels as generics. We argue that verbal misogyny is part and parcel of a larger gender ideology by illuminating the mutual constitution of the linguistic pejoration of women and the gender order in postreform China. This study has implications for research on women's conditions in contemporary China, raises awareness of gender inequality, and lays the groundwork for social actions toward gender equality. (Gender, sexism, neologism, social media, Chinese)*