bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apartheid's Bomb and Regional Liberation: Cold War Perspectives
Authors: van Wyk Anna-Mart
Published: April 2019

South Africa had a small, highly classified nuclear weapons program that produced a small but potent nuclear arsenal. At the end of the 1980s, as South Africa was nearing a transition to black majority rule, the South African government destroyed its nuclear arsenal and its research facilities connected with nuclear armaments and ballistic missiles. This article, based on archival research in the United States and South Africa, shows that the South African nuclear weapons program has to be understood in the context of the Cold War battlefield that southern Africa became in the mid-1970s. The article illuminates the complex U.S.–South African relationship and explains why the apartheid government in Pretoria sought nuclear weapons as a deterrent in the face of extensive Soviet-bloc aid to black liberation movements in southern Africa, the escalating conflict with Cuban forces and Soviet-backed guerrillas on Namibia's northern frontier, and the attacks waged by the African National Congress from exile. A clear link can be drawn between the apartheid government's quest for a nuclear deterrent, liberation in southern Africa, and the Cold War.
Rotational Unit of Memory: A Novel Representation Unit for RNNs with Scalable Applications
Authors: Dangovski Rumen , Jing Li , Nakov Preslav , Tatalović Mićo , Soljačić Marin
Published: April 2019

Stacking long short-term memory (LSTM) cells or gated recurrent units (GRUs) as part of a recurrent neural network (RNN) has become a standard approach to solving a number of tasks ranging from language modeling to text summarization. Although LSTMs and GRUs were designed to model long-range dependencies more accurately than conventional RNNs, they nevertheless have problems copying or recalling information from the long distant past. Here, we derive a phase-coded representation of the memory state, Rotational Unit of Memory (RUM), that unifies the concepts of unitary learning and associative memory. We show experimentally that RNNs based on RUMs can solve basic sequential tasks such as memory copying and memory recall much better than LSTMs/GRUs. We further demonstrate that by replacing LSTM/GRU with RUM units we can apply neural networks to real-world problems such as language modeling and text summarization, yielding results comparable to the state of the art.
Neidiopsis borealis sp. nov., a new diatom species from the mountain Shar Planina, Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: VIDAKOVIĆ DANIJELA , LEVKOV ZLATKO , HAMILTON PAUL B.
Published: April 2019

The genus Neidiopsis is small comprising eight known taxa distributed in oligotrophic to dystrophic freshwater habitats. During observations of diatoms from alpine intermittent ponds on the Shara Mountain, Republic of North Macedonia, a species of Neidiopsis with high abundance was observed. It is characterized by linear to linear–lanceolate valves with a slightly undulated margin, 25.0–43.5 μm long and 6.0–7.0 μm wide. The raphe is filiform with straight proximal and deflected distal raphe endings to the same side of the valve. Striae are partly biseriate near the axial area and continue as uniseriate circular areolae (ca 40 in 10 μm) towards the valve mantle. Striae on each side of the valve are crossed by a prominent longitudinal line located slightly closer to the valve margin. Ultrastructural features of the type population clearly place this taxon into the genus Neidiopsis and aligned to N. levanderi sensu stricto. A similar documented ecotype population (N. levanderi “calcicola”) sensu Lange-Bertalot (2001) is combined with our population and considered a new species N. borealis sp. nov.
Panic or erect veldt grass Ehrharta erecta var. erecta (Ehrharteae, Oryzoideae, Poaceae): new records of an introduced genus in México in the states of Michoacán and Baja California
Authors: SÁNCHEZ-KEN J. GABRIEL
Published: April 2019

Two new records of Ehrharta erecta are formally reported from the states of Michoacán and Baja California. This taxon is apparently a recent introduction to the Mexican flora since the dates of the specimens are from the last decade. With these records, the number of species of Flora del Bajío (Michoacán) and Baja California is increased. Based on the characteristics of the plants, the taxon growing in the Americas belongs to E. erecta var. erecta.
The discovery of a new species of Neofilchneria (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) from China and a review of the genus
Authors: CHEN ZHI-TENG
Published: April 2019

A new species of the perlodid genus Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973, Neofilchneria wanglanga sp. nov. from Sichuan Province of southwestern China is described. The new species is distinctive in both the male and female adult distinguishing it from the two known congeners. The discovery of this species extends the distribution of Neofilchneria from the eastern Himalayas to southwestern China. A provisional key to the adults of Neofilchneria is provided.
A Protocol Paper on the Preservation of Identity: Understanding the Technology Adoption Patterns of Older Adults With Age-Related Vision Loss (ARVL)
Authors: McGrath Colleen , Molinaro Monica L. , Sheldrake Elena J. , Laliberte Rudman Debbie , Astell Arlene
Published: April 2019

There are a growing number of older adults with age-related vision loss (ARVL) for whom technology holds promise in supporting their engagement in daily activities. Despite the growing presence of technologies intended to support older adults with ARVL, there remains high rates of abandonment. This phenomenon of technology abandonment may be partly explained by the concept of self-image, meaning that older adults with ARVL avoid the use of particular technologies due to an underlying fear that use of such technologies may mark them as objects of pity, ridicule, and/or stigmatization. In response to this, the proposed study aims to understand how the decision-making processes of older adults with ARVL, as it relates to technology adoption, are influenced by the negotiation of identity. The study protocol will justify the need for this critical ethnographic study; unpack the theoretical underpinnings of this work; detail the sampling/recruitment strategy; and describe the methods which included a home tour, go-along, and semistructured in-depth interview, as well as the collective approach taken to analyze the data. The protocol concludes by examining the ethical tensions associated with this study, including a focus on the methods adopted as well as the ethical challenges inherent when working with an older adult population experiencing vision loss.
The incremental shuttle walk test predicts mortality in non‐group 1 pulmonary hypertension: results from the ASPIRE Registry
Authors: Billings Catherine G. , Lewis Robert , Hurdman Judith A. , Condliffe Robin , Elliot Charlie A. , Thompson A.A. Roger , Smith Ian A. , Austin Matthew , Armstrong Iain J. , Hamilton Neil , Charalampopoulos Athanasios , Sabroe Ian , Swift Andrew J. , Rothman Alexander M. , Wild Jim M. , Lawrie Allan , Waterhouse Judith C. , Kiely David G.
Published: April 2019

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is classified into five groups based on disease etiology but there is only limited information on the prognostic value of exercise testing in non‐group 1 PH. In group 1 PH, the incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) distance has been shown to correlate with pulmonary hemodynamics and predict survival without a ceiling effect. This study assessed the ISWT in non‐group 1 PH. Data were retrieved from the ASPIRE Registry (Assessing the Spectrum of Pulmonary hypertension Identified at a REferral centre) for consecutive patients diagnosed with PH. Patients were required to have been systematically assessed as group 2–5 PH and to have a baseline ISWT within three months of cardiac catheterization. Patients were stratified according to incremental shuttle walk test distance (ISWD) and ISWT distance percent predicted (ISWD%pred). A total of 479 patients with non‐group 1 PH were identified. ISWD and ISWD%pred correlated significantly with symptoms and hemodynamic severity. ISWD and ISWD%pred predicted survival with no ceiling effect. The test was prognostic in groups 2, 3, and 4. ISWD and ISWD%pred and change in ISWD and ISWD%pred at one year were all significant predictors of outcome. In patients with non‐group 1 PH the ISWT is a simple non‐invasive test that is easy to perform, is predictive of survival at baseline and follow‐up, reflects change, and can be used in the assessment of PH of any etiology.
PGxO and PGxLOD: a reconciliation of pharmacogenomic knowledge of various provenances, enabling further comparison
Authors: Monnin Pierre , Legrand Joël , Husson Graziella , Ringot Patrice , Tchechmedjiev Andon , Jonquet Clément , Napoli Amedeo , Coulet Adrien
Published: April 2019

Background

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) studies how genomic variations impact variations in drug response phenotypes. Knowledge in pharmacogenomics is typically composed of units that have the form of ternary relationships gene variant – drug – adverse event. Such a relationship states that an adverse event may occur for patients having the specified gene variant and being exposed to the specified drug. State-of-the-art knowledge in PGx is mainly available in reference databases such as PharmGKB and reported in scientific biomedical literature. But, PGx knowledge can also be discovered from clinical data, such as Electronic Health Records (EHRs), and in this case, may either correspond to new knowledge or confirm state-of-the-art knowledge that lacks “clinical counterpart” or validation. For this reason, there is a need for automatic comparison of knowledge units from distinct sources.

Results

In this article, we propose an approach, based on Semantic Web technologies, to represent and compare PGx knowledge units. To this end, we developed PGxO, a simple ontology that represents PGx knowledge units and their components. Combined with PROV-O, an ontology developed by the W3C to represent provenance information, PGxO enables encoding and associating provenance information to PGx relationships. Additionally, we introduce a set of rules to reconcile PGx knowledge, i.e. to identify when two relationships, potentially expressed using different vocabularies and levels of granularity, refer to the same, or to different knowledge units. We evaluated our ontology and rules by populating PGxO with knowledge units extracted from PharmGKB (2701), the literature (65,720) and from discoveries reported in EHR analysis studies (only 10, manually extracted); and by testing their similarity. We called PGxLOD (PGx Linked Open Data) the resulting knowledge base that represents and reconciles knowledge units of those various origins.

Conclusions

The proposed ontology and reconciliation rules constitute a first step toward a more complete framework for knowledge comparison in PGx. In this direction, the experimental instantiation of PGxO, named PGxLOD, illustrates the ability and difficulties of reconciling various existing knowledge sources.
Which Earthquakes are Expected to Exceed the Design Spectra?
Authors: Iervolino Iunio , Giorgio Massimiliano , Cito Pasquale
Published: April 2019

Extended recording coverage of contemporary seismic events allows a comparison of observed seismic actions with their counterparts used for design. Said comparison shows actions systematically exceeding design spectra. This paper discusses: (1) that considered exceedances can be anticipated by the probabilistic seismic hazard on the basis of which design actions are determined, (2) exceedances of elastic design actions are expected for earthquakes occurring close to the site even if their magnitude is far from the maximum magnitude considered in the hazard assessment, and (3) design spectra are likely to be exceeded in epicentral areas of earthquakes that occur frequently in the region where the code is enforced, but rarely occur close to the site under consideration. In fact, code-mandated protection against these earthquakes is factually warranted by the rarity with which they are expected to occur near the structure and other safety margins implicit to earthquake-resistant design. All these issues, addressed with reference to Italy, are discussed with the intent not to criticize the way spectra are determined, but rather to raise awareness and give a probabilistic measure about what to factually expect from state-of-the-art design at a national level.
A Decision-Support Algorithm for Post-Earthquake Water Services Recovery and Its Application to the 22 February 2011 Mw 6.2 Christchurch Earthquake
Authors: Bellagamba Xavier , Bradley Brendon A. , Wotherspoon Liam M. , Lagrava Walter D.
Published: April 2019

As the cost of lifeline disruption rises with the size and complexity of urban communities, increasing efforts are put into enhancing infrastructure resilience to natural disasters. Aiming to improve the understanding of water supply network seismic resilience, this paper examines in detail the initial performance and restoration of the water supply network following the 22 February 2011 Mw 6.2 Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake. In addition, a method to optimize the recovery of such systems is developed in two phases: the prioritization of pipe inspection and prioritization of pipe repairs. The results inferred from the observed pipe repairs suggest that the recovery was carried out efficiently; however, applying the proposed methodology would have substantially improved the recovery of the system with a 30% reduction in the number of buildings deprived of water in the first two days. Assumptions and limitations of the modeling are also discussed and practical solutions given to apply this framework in real-time for post-earthquake restoration.
Obtaining and Modeling Variability in Travel Times From Off-Site Satellite Clinics to Hospitals and Surgery Centers for Surgeons and Proceduralists Seeing Office Patients in the Morning and Performing a To-Follow List of Cases in the Afternoon
Authors: Epstein Richard H. , Dexter Franklin , Smaka Todd J.
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:

Hospitals achieve growth in surgical caseload primarily from the additive contribution of many surgeons with low caseloads. Such surgeons often see clinic patients in the morning then travel to a facility to do 1 or 2 scheduled afternoon cases. Uncertainty in travel time is a factor that might need to be considered when scheduling the cases of to-follow surgeons. However, this has not been studied. We evaluated variability in travel times within a city with high traffic density.

METHODS:

We used the Google Distance Matrix application programming interface to prospectively determine driving times incorporating current traffic conditions at 5-minute intervals between 9:00 am and 4:55 pm during the first 4 months of 2018 between 4 pairs of clinics and hospitals in the University of Miami health system. Travel time distributions were modeled using lognormal and Burr distributions and compared using the absolute and signed differences for the median and the 0.9 quantile. Differences were evaluated using 2-sided, 1-group t tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. We considered 5-minute signed differences between the distributions as managerially relevant.

RESULTS:

For the 80 studied combinations of origin-to-destination pairs (N = 4), day of week (N = 5), and the hour of departure between 10:00 am and 1:55 pm (N = 4), the maximum difference between the median and 0.9 quantile travel time was 8.1 minutes. This contrasts with the previously published corresponding difference between the median and the 0.9 quantile of 74 minutes for case duration. Travel times were well fit by Burr and lognormal distributions (all 160 differences of medians and of 0.9 quantiles <5 minutes; P < .001). For each of the 4 origin-destination pairs, travel times at 12:00 pm were a reasonable approximation to travel times between the hours of 10:00 am and 1:55 pm during all weekdays.

CONCLUSIONS:

During mid-day, when surgeons likely would travel between a clinic and an operating room facility, travel time variability is small compared to case duration prediction variability. Thus, afternoon operating room scheduling should not be restricted because of concern related to unpredictable travel times by surgeons. Providing operating room managers and surgeons with estimated travel times sufficient to allow for a timely arrival on 90% of days may facilitate the scheduling of additional afternoon cases especially at ambulatory facilities with substantial underutilized time.
If Castles and Statues Could Speak to Us.The Changing Freedom of Historical Interpretation in the Case of Slovakia
Authors: Kollai István
Published: April 2019

Beside official “policy of remembrance”, run primarily by state representatives or public institutions, and embodied in national holidays, monuments or in history textbooks, democratic societies offer the possibility to create a “culture of remembrance” by local actors within the public sphere. These local actors consist of NGOs, civic initiatives, local governments or even of the business sphere, the latter including so-called heritage industry actors (like historical hotels or private museums). As a result, the interpretation of historical narratives tends to become multi-faceted, interactive and inclusive, but the risk has also emerged that historical narratives can be fluid and banal as well. The present essay attempts to highlight how these bottom-up historical interpretations launched by local actors coloured the culture of remembrance in Slovakia, in a country where national history had been a servant of nation-building struggles practically throughout the whole 20th century. As many initiatives for renovating fortresses, erecting statues, organising historical events or launching historical hotels elucidate it, non-state actors have become active and immanent change-makers of the policy of remembrance in Slovakia, having a sometimes intentional, sometimes unintentional effect on broadening the freedom of historical interpretation in the country.
Evidence from a systematic review on first-time fathers' mental health and wellbeing needs
Authors: Baldwin Sharin , Bick Debra
Published: April 2019

While the importance of addressing maternal mental health needs are more widely recognised, with routine mental health screening and assessment offered to women during and after pregnancy, men who have been asked about their experiences of parenthood report feeling marginalised and unacknowledged by health professionals during the perinatal period, and a lack of appropriate information on pregnancy, birth, child care, and balancing work and family responsibilities. This article considers the findings of a recent systematic review on first time fathers' mental health and wellbeing needs, and discusses practice implications for health visiting services.
Thinking differently about learning
Authors: Brook Judy
Published: April 2019

With a specialist community public health nursing apprenticeship standard imminent, now is the time for us to be considering our preparation, says Judy Brook
Fly away ladybird
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: April 2019

In her final article on transient art, Karen Hart finds inspiration from the short life cycles of mini-beasts and the changes of clouds in the sky. Use her ideas to spur children on to set their own creative goals.
All dressed up
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: April 2019

Mastering the skill of dressing involves fine motor skills, body awareness and co-ordination. These games deliver the fun factor and the impetus for children to become independent.
Molecular identification of Mycoplasma synoviae from breeder chicken flock showing arthritis in Egypt
Authors: Amer Mohamed M. , Mekky Hoda M. , Fedawy Hanaa S.
Published: April 2019

Aim: Arthritis is one of the most economic problems facing poultry industry worldwide. The study was done to detect possible causes of arthritis in breeder chicken flock with emphasis on molecular identification of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). Materials and Methods: This study was carried on chicken from broiler breeder flock of 57 weeks' age in Dakahlia, Egypt, suffered from arthritis with frequently 5-7% decrease in egg production, reduced fertility, and hatchability. Forty blood samples were randomly collected from individual birds in sterile tubes and used for serum separation. Serum samples were tested using serum plate agglutination (SPA) test against colored antigens for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), MS, and Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum (SGP). On the other hand, 24 joint samples were collected. Of those 24 samples, 12 joint samples were subjected to bacteriological examination, while the other 12 were utilized for molecular diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for MS and avian reovirus (ARV). Results: SPA test results revealed the presence of antibodies against MG, MS, and SGP in tested sera in rates of 14/40 (35%), 35/40 (87.5%), and 9/40 (22.5%), respectively. Furthermore, 19 bacterial isolates were recognized from joint samples and identified as five Staphylococcus spp., nine Escherichia coli, three SGP, one Citrobacter, and one Proteus. The identified Staphylococcal isolates were three coagulase-positive staphylococci (two Staphylococcus aureus and one Staphylococcus hyicus) and two coagulase-negative staphylococci (one Staphylococcus epidermidis and one Staphylococcus lentus), while E. coli isolate serotypes were 1 O11, 2 O55, 3 O78, 1 O124, 1 O125, and 1 untyped. PCR proved that 12/12 (100%) samples were positive for MS variable lipoprotein hemagglutinin A (vlhA) gene, while ARV was not diagnosed in any of the examined samples. Four amplified vlhA gene of MS isolates (named MS-2018D1, MS-2018D2, MS-2018D3, and MS-2018D4) was successfully sequenced. Analysis of phylogenetic tree revealed the presence of 100% identity between each two sequenced isolates (isolates MS-2018D1 and MS-2018D4 and also isolates 2018D2 and MS-2018D3). However, the nucleotide similarity between four isolates was 88.6%. On the other hand, our field isolates MS-2018D1, MS-2018D4, MS-2018D2, and MS-2018D3 showed nucleotide identity with vaccine strain MS-H 98.4%, 98.4%, 88.1%, and 88.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the nucleotide similarities with field strains from Argentina ranged between 87.8% and 98.6%. Conclusion: Four field isolates of MS were identified in examined broiler breeder flock. A phylogenetic study of these isolates revealed the variation between isolated MS strains and vaccine strain. Therefore, further studies are required for evaluating the vaccine efficacy against the present field isolates of MS. In addition, application of MS immunization of breeder flocks is necessary for proper control of the disease.
Prevalence of Caprine brucellosis in Anhui province, China
Authors: Rahman Sajid Ur , Zhu Lei , Cao Li , Zhang Yafei , Chu Xiaoyan , Feng Shibin , Li Yu , Wu Jinjie , Wang Xichun
Published: April 2019

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases globally. Studies indicated the existence of Brucella infection in goats in some province of China. Thus this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in goats of Anhui Province, China.

Materials and Methods: Serum and milk samples obtained from goats in different regions of Anhui province were studied through rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), milk ring test (MRT), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: The investigation frequency of brucellosis using RBPT, SAT, MRT, and PCR methods was 3.9% (n=7), 4.45% (n=8), 11.67% (n=7), and 86.67% (n=156), respectively. The prevalence recorded for brucellosis in sex-wise animals as in females 5.55%, 6.67%, 11.67%, and 78.8% through above methods, while in males, it was 2.23% and 2.23% by RBPT and SAT. However, in age-wise animals, the results 6.36%, 7.27%, 11.67%, and 74.5% were perceived positive by RBPT, SAT, MRT, and PCR in adult females, respectively, but young males and females (up to 9 months) were considered free from brucellosis.

Conclusion: These results show that prevalence of brucellosis was relatively higher in females than male's goats and SAT was relatively specific and accurate as compared to RBPT and MRT, but for diagnosis of brucellosis, molecular method (PCR) is recommended.
Evaluation of ventilator on lung profile of piglets (Sus scrofa) in hypovolemic shock treated with hypervolemic crystalloid resuscitation
Authors: Soedjono Gunanti , Harlina Eva , Pudjiadi Antonius H. , Purba Melpa Susanti , Widodo Setyo Jatimahardhiko
Published: April 2019

Aim: This study was conducted to assess the effect of ventilators on the lung profile of piglets in the hypovolemic shock before and after the excessive resuscitation of the crystalloid fluid. Materials and Methods: Five male piglets were used in this study as the models of shock, and there are four phases of treatment: Stabilization, shock of bleeding, normovolemic resuscitation, and hypervolemic resuscitation. The application of mechanical ventilation to patients who suspected of having lung injury may worsen the patient's conditions. The purpose of this study was to set the ventilator with the set of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cm H2O, the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.5, and the inspiration: expiration (I: E) ratio of 1:2, which was applied from the stabilization phase. The shock induction was performed by removing the blood until the mean arterial pressure decreasing by 20% from the stabilization. The solution of NaCl 0.9% was used for the normovolemic and hypervolemic resuscitation. The parameter of observation consisted of extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) on pulse contour cardiac output 2 and exhaled tidal volume (VTE), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and respiratory rate (RR) on ventilators. Results: EVLWI does not indicate pulmonary edema. A significant decrease in VTE without any significant alterations in EVLWI, PIP, and RR has indicated the shallow breathing in the shock condition. Therefore, the PVPI parameter cannot be used as a parameter for capillary permeability since its formulation does not reinforce the results of data in the shock condition. The set of the ventilator may prevent the increase of EVLWI, and the uses of ventilators do not worsen the patient's conditions during the crystalloid resuscitation. Conclusion: The use of mechanical ventilator as the support does not worsen the hypovolemic condition and is safe to use as long as the lung profile is not indicated to have lung injury.
Los charrúas en la memoria nacional de Uruguay
Authors: Szilágyi Chebi Mariá Elena
Published: April 2019

The Charrúas were an indigenous group who lived in the territories of the former Banda Oriental (present Uruguay, the provinces of Entre Ríos, Santa Fe and Corrientes in Argentina, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Throughout the 18th century occurred campaigns of “civilization” of the governors of Buenos Aires against indigenous, resulting hundreds of deaths. In the first half of the 19th century the indigenous people, after they fought in the armies for independence of Uruguay, were persecuted and sought to exterminate systematically the Charrúas. This fact is known as “the massacre of Salsipuedes” (1831). Nowadays several organizations have been created to rebuild, investigate and clarify the facts, and assist all kinds of Charruan cultural survival. This paper attempts to present the various ways in which the Charrúas survive in the national memory of Uruguayan society at present. At the same time, the role of the Charrúas in the formation of the national identity of Uruguay is also examined.
Lo insólito en la novela Don Juan de Gonzalo Torrente Ballester : un nuevo concepto del mítico personaje y su lucha por la libertad
Authors: Mańkowska Joanna
Published: April 2019

Torrente Ballester in his 1963 book offers a novel reading of the myth by presenting Tenorio, who is denied both the chance to repent himself and the punishment of the Inferno. For more than three centuries, accompanied by Leporello, who reveals himself as a devil incarnate, travels the World making friends with artists who devote him their works, without understanding his tragedy, however. In Paris of the mid-twentieth century he emerges as working on the plays on Don Juan by independent theatres and visits places attended by young and passionate followers of Sartre. At times his soul leaves his winsome body, to which he is destined for eternity, and possesses a Spanish intellectual, with an aim of writing down the true history of Tenorio clarifying his conflict with God, a conflict in which the freedom to decide on one’s fate is one of the fundamental issues. He challenges Him by defending his right to be condemned for a life in sin. God proves indifferent to his desperate blasphemies and Don Juan is faced with the recognition of human condition as unable to satisfy desires and being one’s genuine inferno.
Joaquín Murat y el levantamiento del 2 de mayo
Authors: Paolo Marilicia di , Varchetta Jacopo
Published: April 2019

The article aims to present two perspectives, the Spanish and the French one, on the uprising of May 2nd and the previous French occupation of the city of Madrid. In order to delineate the French perspective, letters written by Murat himself to Napoleon will be analyzed; on the other hand, in order to analyze the opinion of the Spanish population, emphasis will be placed on distant expressive forms, such as painting, some examples will be given by Los fusilamientos by Goya, literature with Benito Pérez Galdós’ National Episods, Letters from Spain by Blanco White, Alejo Carpentier’ s Explosion in a Cathedral, the most recent film Blood of May 2008 under the direction of José Luis García Muñoz and more examples of the artistic expression.
¿Qué América es ésta? Sobrevivencias de la colonización europea de Indoamérica, ejemplificando con los casos de Brasil y Argentina
Authors: Vizer Eduardo A. , Carvalho Helenice
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo pretende en primer lugar abordar ciertas diferencias significativas entre tres procesos de colonización que fueron impuestos a los territorios y los pueblos originarios de las Américas. Aparte de la colonización francesa en el Québéc canadiense en los dos primeros siglos (XVII y parte del XVIII), las tres colonizaciones dominantes fueron la inglesa en Norteamérica, la portuguesa en el actual Brasil y las conquistas españolas en el resto de América del Sur y Central. En segundo lugar, el trabajo pretende abordar ciertas “sobrevivencias” sociales y culturales que aún perduran en las Américas luego de dos siglos de independencia de las metrópolis. En tercer lugar pretendemos desmentir ciertos presupuestos sobre la latinidad de los países de habla castellana y portuguesa. Consideramos que uno de los ejes históricos fundamentales a tomar en cuenta al analizar las formas de origen de las políticas y el estado en estos países estriba en la forma en que consiguieron su independencia y sus intentos de construcción del estado en relación con las tres coronas: la inglesa, la española y la portuguesa.
Zurita y una poesía totalitarista
Authors: Mészáros Enikő
Published: April 2019

La persona de Raúl Zurita, poeta chileno del siglo XX, significa, prácticamente, una manifestación artística que sobrevivió la dictadura de Pinochet. Su obra parece ser una memoria viva y presente de aquella época. A pesar de ser conocido principalmente como poeta, sus actos se realizan en el campo de diferentes ramas artísticas. Su poesía toca las piedras del desierto de Atacama y crea letras de nube en el cielo, mientras se conecta con las ramas de la fotografía y de la música también. El presente trabajo formula la cuestión de qué papel desempeñó toda la actividad artístico-poética de Raúl Zurita en el contexto cultural y políticos-social chileno. Para llegar a sacar conclusiones hace falta meditar en la importancia de la fusión de las diferentes ramas del arte, pero también en la naturalidad con la que el arte se incorpora en la vida cotidiana. El arte de Zurita, en cierto sentido, no es menos totalitarista (o totalitaria) que el régimen militar, el contexto que lo generó, aunque representan dos polos completamente opuestos.
Desde Jasenovac hasta Buenos Aires: un destino de dos hermanos
Authors: Bács Zoltán
Published: April 2019

Dos de los hermanos Kálnai que emigraron a Argentina en 1920 jugaban un papel determinante en la arquitectura argentina hasta los años cuarenta. Esta obra se dedica a presentar la vida de los hermanos hasta su emigración.
Buscando hogar: jóvenes totonacos buscando lugar para establecerse
Authors: Schiller Katalin
Published: April 2019

Debido a los procesos de la modernización, la región de los totonacos –en el territorio de los estados de Veracruz y Puebla, México– ha experiementado muchos cambios económicos y sociales. A partir de mediados del siglo pasado el problema más grave que surgió fue que las tierras ya no daban sustento a la totalidad de la población agricultora. Por eso muchos se vieron obligados a buscar otras soluciones para mantener a la familia. Una de éstas fue la migración para encontrar trabajo en una gran ciudad. Sin embargo, al iniciarse el siglo XXI han cambiado radicalmente tanto los motivos de la migración como el grupo de personas que la ejercen. El estudio analiza las causas de estos cambios: la educación, los medios de comunicación, redes sociales, etc.
La danza como construcción de nuevos hogares y nuevas fronteras
Authors: Paredes Padilla Ana Galina Giselle
Published: April 2019

La inestable sociedad contemporánea, que incluye la complejización de tecnologías corporales, vulnera conceptos de hogar y frontera y es compatible con la subjetividad de migrantes, quienes lejos de los propios, apuestan por integrarse a otros horizontes culturales; para el efecto, comienzan con sus cuerpos y apariencias teniendo a la sofisticación de sus expresividades corporales como referentes estéticos de transformación. En esta ponencia ponemos en evidencia, a partir de dos historias de vida, cómo las tecnologías corporales propias de la danza, se convierten en mediadoras en la construcción de liderazgos locales y de ciudadanías alternas.
Anatomical landmarks of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Authors: Malyuga Viktor Y. , Kuprin Aleksandr A.
Published: April 2019

Background. The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates a cricothyroid muscle, which provides tension in vocal cords and formation of high-frequency sounds. When the nerve is damaged during surgery, patients may notice hoarseness, inability to utter high pitched sounds, “rapid fatigue” of the voice, and dysphagia. According to literature, paresis of an external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve reaches up to 58% after thyroid surgery.
Aim: to identify permanent landmarks and topographic variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.
Materials and methods. The study is based on the autopsy material (21 complexes organs of the neck) and on identification of variations of 40 external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve. We identified two permanent landmarks that are located at the minimum distance from nerve and we made metrical calculations relative to them: oblique line of thyroid cartilage and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
Results. The piercing point of the nerve is always located at the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle without protruding beyond the oblique line of thyroid cartilage superiorly and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle anteriorly. The nerve had the parallel direction in 92.8% of cases (angel less than 30 degrees) relative to the oblique line and in 85.7% cases it was in close proximity to this line (at distance up to 4 mm).
The proposed topographic classification of the location of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is based on localization of the piercing point of the nerve relative to the length of the oblique line of thyroid cartilage and the risk of nerve damage. In 14.2% of cases, the piercing point was in the front third of the line (type I), and in 50% it was in the middle third of this line (type II). These variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was in close proximity to the upper pole of the thyroid gland, which could have lead to its damage during surgery. In type III and IV (35.8%) – the piercing point in the muscle was located as far as possible from the upper pole of the thyroid gland and the greater part of the nerve was covered with the fibers of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
Conclusion. We identified the main orienteers for the search and proposed anatomical classification of the location of the external branch on the superior laryngeal nerve.
Improving graduation rates: Legitimate practices and gaming strategies
Authors: Edwards Noralee R. , Mindrila Diana L.
Published: April 2019

Accountability pressures faced by teachers and leaders may lead well-intentioned educators to engage in strategic reporting and operational practices to increase test scores, graduation rates, and other indicators of student success. Such practices are referred to as gaming behaviors. School district personnel attending a Georgia educational conference (N=146) reported a significant prevalence of two such practices – purging data for students enrolled for a short period of time and fabricating withdrawal forms in case of audit. Exploratory factor analysis yielded three categories of strategies employed by school districts to improve reported graduation rates: a) practices that directly contradict the rules governing ethical reporting of data (Factor1); b) legitimate educational practices aiming to enhance student learning (Factor2); and c) possible gaming strategies aiming to exclude low performing students from the computation of graduation rates (Factor3). Latent profile analysis distinguished a) a group with average scores on all factors (N=120); and b) a group with significantly higher scores on Factor1 and Factor3 (N=26). The second group included a significantly larger proportion of individuals from districts with 5,000 – 10,000 students; districts of this size may have the expertise in-house to understand calculations and take strategic action with their data reporting practices.
Conical geodesic bicombings on subsets of normed vector spaces
Authors: Basso Giuliano , Miesch Benjamin
Published: April 2019

We establish existence and uniqueness results for conical geodesic bicombings on subsets of normed vector spaces. Concerning existence, we give a first example of a convex geodesic bicombing that is not consistent. Furthermore, we show that under a mild geometric assumption on the norm a conical geodesic bicombing on an open subset of a normed vector space locally consists of linear geodesics. As an application, we obtain by the use of a Cartan–Hadamard type result that if a closed convex subset of a Banach space has non-empty interior, then it admits a unique consistent conical geodesic bicombing, namely the one given by the linear segments.
Geometries arising from trilinear forms on low-dimensional vector spaces
Authors: Cardinali Ilaria , Giuzzi Luca
Published: April 2019

Let 𝓖
k
(V) be the k-Grassmannian of a vector space V with dim V = n. Given a hyperplane H of 𝓖
k
(V), we define in [3] a point-line subgeometry of PG(V) called the geometry of poles of
H. In the present paper, exploiting the classification of alternating trilinear forms in low dimension, we characterize the possible geometries of poles arising for k = 3 and n ≤ 7 and propose some new constructions. We also extend a result of [6] regarding the existence of line spreads of PG(5, 𝕂) arising from hyperplanes of 𝓖3(V).
Variance estimates and almost Euclidean structure
Authors: Paouris Grigoris , Valettas Petros
Published: April 2019

We introduce and initiate the study of new parameters associated with any norm and any log-concave measure on ℝ
n
, which provide sharp distributional inequalities. In the Gaussian context this investigation sheds light to the importance of the statistical measures of dispersion of the norm in connection with the local structure of the ambient space. As a byproduct of our study, we provide a short proof of Dvoretzky’s theorem which not only supports the aforementioned significance but also complements the classical probabilistic formulation.
What does a relative price of investment wedge reveal about the role of investment-specific technology?
Authors: Wagner Joel
Published: April 2019

In order to identify investment-specific technology (IST), most DSGE models assume a perfect inverse relationship between IST and the relative price of investment (RPI). This paper explores this relationship and provides evidence that the RPI also responds to changes in market power, which I find constitutes a third of volatility in the RPI. To corroborate this conclusion, two competing models are produced; the first is a two-sector model with a wedge separating the identification of IST with the inverse of the RPI. The RPI wedge is then estimated using Bayesian estimation techniques. A second, richer two-sector model is produced, where firms can vary markups depending on the number of competitors. This paper finds that changes in relative markups are highly correlated with the RPI wedge and help explain the sudden increase in the RPI following the Great Recession in the United States. In addition, with endogenous price markups, non-IST shocks can explain over a third of the volatility observed in the RPI, with marginal efficiency of investment contributing approximately 30 percent of the volatility in the RPI.
Morphological Changes of the Lower Ping and Chao Phraya Rivers, North and Central Thailand: Flood and Coastal Equilibrium Analyses
Authors: Chaiwongsaen Nikhom , Nimnate Parisa , Choowong Montri
Published: April 2019

The Chao Phraya River flows in the largest river basin of Thailand and represents one of the important agricultural and industrial areas in Southeast Asia. The Ping River is one major upstream branch flowing down slope southwardly, joining the Chao Phraya River in the low-lying central plain and ending its course at the Gulf of Thailand. Surprisingly, the overflow occurs frequently and rapidly at the Lower Ping River where channel slope is high, and in particular area, sand-choked is extensively observed, even in normal rainfall condition. In contrary, at the downstream part, the erosion of river bank and shoreline around the mouth of Chao Phraya River has been spatially increasing in place where there should be a massive sediment supply to form a delta. Here we use Landsat imageries taken in 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017 to analyze geomorphological changes of rivers. Results show that both rivers have undergone the rapid decreasing of water storage capacity and increasing of sand bar areas in river embayment. The total emerged sand bar area in the Lower Ping River increases from 1987 to 2017 up to 28.8 km2. The excessive trapped bed sediments deposition along the upper reaches is responsible for the shallower of river embankment leading to rapid overflow during flooding. At the Chao Phraya River mouth, a total of 18.8 km2of the coastal area has been eroded from 1987 to 2017.This is caused by the reducing of sediment supply leading to non-equilibrium in the deltaic zone of the upper Gulf of Thailand. There are several possibility implications from this study involving construction of weir, in-channel sand mining, reservoir sedimentation and coastal erosion management.
The role of eighteenth-century newspapers in the disappearance of Upper German variants in Austria
Authors: Havinga Anna D.
Published: April 2019

This paper investigates what role eighteenth-century newspapers played in the disappearance ofe-apocope in Austria. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of this Upper German feature in two contexts (thee-apocope in plural nouns and singular dative forms) trace diachronic variation in theWienerisches Diarium/Wiener Zeitungin order to evaluate the role that newspapers played in the selection and dissemination of language norms. The results show that this newspaper disseminated the final -ein plural forms before it was prescribed by contemporary eighteenth-century grammarians active in Austria, indicating that newspapers – among other texts written by the educated classes – contributed to the selection as well as dissemination of particular variants. The use of dative -ewas, however, less consistent, with a qualitative analysis revealing preferences by individual correspondents. This challenges current scholarly assumptions on the homogeneity of language practice within the text typenewspaper. Instead, this article argues that historical newspapers have to be seen as a compilation of texts rather than as homogeneous texts.
Nonstandard periphrastic DO and verbal -s in the south west of England
Authors: de Both Fiona
Published: April 2019

This paper aims to investigate the distribution of periphrastic DO and verbal -sin the south west of England using theFRED-s corpus. The data supports the earlier reported suggestion that the two features are in complementary distribution with regard to region: in counties where one feature is favoured, the other feature is disfavoured and speakers who use one feature tend not to use the other feature. However, there is some overlap as some speakers in theFRED-s corpususe both features, giving support to an idea, earlier proposed, of a transitory area in which a possible change takes place where speakers drop the use of DO and adopt verbal -s. Furthermore, the data shows an interesting tendency where periphrastic DO favours the habitual verbal aspect, whereas verbal -sfavours the punctual verbal aspect. These findings could indicate that the two features have a different grammatical function. However, the overall frequency with which these two features occur is very low and seems to suggest that they are disappearing. Moreover, their use seems to be limited to short originally Germanic words, suggesting that the two features only occur in contexts where they were originally used, but are not productive.
How to trick respondents into revealing implicit attitudes – talk to them
Authors: Preston Dennis R.
Published: April 2019

This paper outlines the cognitive processing involved in cases of language regard and shifts the focus from receivers/hearers to producers/speakers. Investigation of the latter by means of established pragmatic and discourse techniques can uncover features of language use (e.g. implicature, presupposition) that just as surely reveal implicit characteristics of a speaker’s beliefs and regard for language and variety as any of the long-standing (e.g. matched guise) or more recently developed (e.g. the IAT) experimental techniques that seek to uncover implicitness in this area.
Signet ring B cell lymphoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Wu Shishou , Ding Weifang , Sui Xiaolong , Jiang Lei , Zhou Aiying , Yu Guohua
Published: April 2019

Signet ring B cell lymphoma is an unusual non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is similar to signet ring cell carcinoma and liposarcoma in morphology which should be distinguished. We treated a 63-year-old male patient who suffered from abdominal pain for two months. Multiple enlarged lymph nodes were found in the retroperitoneum by CT scan. The needle biopsy showed neoplastic cells distributed uniformly with clear cytoplasm and the nucleus squeezed to the side mimicking the appearance of signet ring in morphology. By special staining, the neoplastic cells were positive for CD45, Vimentin, Bcl-2 and CD20 but negative for AE1/AE3, S-100, CD3, EMA, CD5, CD10, Bcl-6, MUM1 , Kappa, Lambda and PAS . Ki67 proliferation index was much more than 80%. Based on the histological characters, a diagnosis of signet ring B cell lymphoma was made. Although the patient received six courses of R-CHOP therapy, he died of tumor recurrence at the 34th month after diagnosis.