bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B.2. Nietzsches Antike – Nietzsches Christentum
Authors: Ingenkamp Heinz Gerd
Published: September 2019

Der Aufsatz versucht, Nietzsches Einstellung zu Antike und Christenum 1) zu beschreiben, 2) in das Gesamtwerk N.'s einzuordnen. Zu 1): N. ordnet und interpretiert das Quellenmaterial so, daß sich für Antike und Christentum je zwei einander fremde Strömungen ergeben. Die eine der beiden Strömungen in der Antike, repräsentiert vor allem durch Sokrates und Platon, trägt Mitschuld an der Entwicklung, die zum Sieg des Christentums führt. Das Christentum zerfällt in eine frühe Friedensbewegung und in institutionalisiertes Ressentiment, das mit den "Jüngern", vor allem mit Paulus einsetzt. Zu 2): N. setzt sich zum positiven Ziel, das Postulat der Entwicklung des derzeitigen Menschen über sich hinaus immer wieder neu zu formulieren und Paradigmen dafür anzugeben. Zu diesen Paradigmen gehören die Vertreter frühgriechischen Denkens, die griechische Tragödie und die Rom-Idee, wie N. sie versteht. Das negative Ziel besteht darin, dasjenige, was dieser Entwicklung im Wege steht, zu entlarven, dem Übersehenwerden anheimzugeben oder Krieg dagegen zu führen. In diesem Sinne wird das Christentum als Religion gewordenes Ressentiment vor allem im Spätwerk behandelt.
A.3. Suetonius and his treatment of the Emperor Domitian's favourable accomplishments
Authors: Adams Geoff W.
Published: September 2019

Suetonius has become one of the most influential and important ancient sources for our understanding of the socio-political climate in First Century Imperial Rome and the personalities of its emperors. However, he has illustrated in his texts a bias, often in a subtle manner that illustrates the historical and cultural aspects of the literary climate during this period. One notable example is his Life of the Emperor Domitian, which corresponds well with the maturity of Suetonius' writings by this time, but is also unique because of its construction and personal attributes, being the most recent imperial life written by Suetonius. This life illustrates both the literary climate of this period (being clearly influenced by its Senatorial audience) as well as the damning and lasting impressions that the damnatio memoriae has had upon the historical sources on the Emperor Domitian.
A.3. The "dioceses" of Hispania citerior in the High Empire. A historiographic invention
Authors: Ozcáriz Gil Pablo
Published: September 2019

This article presents the historiographic evolution of the "dioceses" of Hispania citerior in the High Roman Empire. From their creation by Mommsen to their total disappearance in the 1980s, they are mentioned very often in the bibliography of the Roman administration of that province. This is the first time that the development of this historiographic construction is presented.
An Integrative Quality Framework for Developing Industrial Smart Services
Authors: Neuhüttler Jens , Ganz Walter , Spath Dieter
Published: September 2019

Using data collected through the Internet of Things offers new opportunities for manufacturing companies to innovate and differentiate their increasingly significant service businesses. Developing these industrial smart services is a new and complex task that challenges manufacturing companies in many regards. One core issue is to design concepts and offers in a way that customers perceive as high value so they will accept collection of their data. However, academic research on industrial smart services is still in its infancy and contributes limited knowledge about customer expectations and requirements. Understanding how customers perceive the quality of smart services and understanding which determinants influence these perceptions can support manufacturing companies in developing successful offers. In this paper, the authors provide an integrative framework for understanding and structuring quality perceptions of industrial smart services. The framework integrates quality categories of existing concepts in related research fields (e.g., digital services, personal services, or technologies) and introduces new insights gained from a qualitative study of 20 academic experts. The structure of the framework and relevant categories of quality perceptions are explained in detail.
Sofrimento psíquico e a universidade em tempos de crise estrutural
Authors: Leão Thiago Marques , Ianni Aurea Maria Zöllner , Goto Carine Sayuri
Published: September 2019

O artigo discute o impacto subjetivo das transformações sociais contemporâneas, pelo fenômeno do sofrimento psíquico na universidade. A sociedade contemporânea é marcada pelos processos de individualização e subjetivação dos riscos socialmente produzidos, conforme as instituições típicas da sociedade industrial se mostram incapazes de lidar com os riscos que produzem. Tendo em vista a perda de referências de significação social e de instituições mediadoras das relações entre o indivíduo e a sociedade, há um crescente sentimento de insegurança e sofrimento. As contradições e impasses socialmente produzidos são percebidos como fracasso pessoal, e é por esta perspectiva que se tentará lidar com o sofrimento psíquico também na universidade, seja pelo viés clínico institucional ou transformando o sofrimento em um objeto de gestão empresarial nas universidades operacionais. Para lidar com o sofrimento entre estudantes é preciso pensá-lo para além de sua dimensão individual e compreender os processos sociais de gênese e significação da experiência de sofrimento. Palavras-Chave: sofrimento psíquico; individualização; universidade; sociedade de risco; contrarreformas.
El botín de los vencedores. La doble paradoja de la educación superior “pública” y el Trabajo Social Chileno
Authors: Matus Teresa , Orellana Víctor , Urquieta María Antonieta
Published: September 2019

El artículo desarrolla la siguiente premisa: para hablar de educación superior “pública” en Chile es preciso usar comillas. El desmonte de lo público practicado en Dictadura (años ’80) y su prolijo perfeccionamiento en los gobiernos civiles (‘90s hasta el presente), configuran un escenario donde lo que se instala es, más bien,  un lucrativo modelo de negocios en reemplazo de un proyecto de educación superior pública para el país. Al colocar como filtro para comprender lo “público” tres requisitos: financiamiento estatal y gratuidad para un porcentaje de estudiantes, procesos democráticos para elecciones internas y propiedad legal pública; la cantidad de “universidades públicas” se reduce drásticamente, conduciendo a un cuadro paradojal. En ese contexto,  la formación universitaria del Trabajo Social chileno,  expresa una doble contradicción, ya que adicionalmente al contexto de mercantilización  de la educación superior, se le suma una distribución asimétrica de cuerpos académicos con nivel de doctorado e investigaciones, la presencia aún mayoritaria de formaciones disciplinarias tradicionales, la existencia de dicotomías clásicas en las propuestas curriculares y también la emergencia minoritaria y consistente de innovaciones y enfoques pluralmente críticos en la formación, tanto en universidades públicas como privadas. Lo anterior no permite sacar conclusiones fáciles  o directamente proporcionales en términos de la correspondencia de la crisis de la educación y las respuestas acerca del actual estado de la formación en el  Trabajo Social chileno. Palabras claves: Educación Superior, Política Pública, Trabajo Social.
Autonomia feminina e concepções de direito entre mulheres beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família
Authors: Mariano Silvana , De Souza Márcio Ferreira
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo trata do tema da autonomia feminina e objetiva compreender a percepção de mulheres beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família em torno das concepções políticas como direito e cidadania. Para tanto, inferimos o modo como elas interpretam a relação com o Estado, o acesso às políticas públicas e o seu agenciamento nesse processo. Buscamos captar e dimensionar a autonomia dessas mulheres para a tomada de decisões no espaço doméstico e em aspectos relativos à individualização feminina, tanto no contexto das relações familiares como das relações sociais mais amplas. As análises foram calcadas em estudos de caso realizados em Curitiba (Paraná) e Fortaleza (Ceará), no ano de 2013, por meio de uma amostragem constituída por cento e noventa entrevistas, sendo noventa e cinco em cada cidade. Palavras-Chave: autonomia feminina; cidadania; espaço doméstico; Programa Bolsa Família.
A crise do capital e relações de trabalho: considerações sobre “consultorias sociais” em empresas
Authors: Gomes Márcia Regina Botão
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo, abordaremos especificamente as chamadas “consultorias” especializadas em programas de assistência ao empregado (PAE), que consistem em formas de terceirização e quarteirização do trabalho do assistente social, como expressão dos processos de precarização do trabalho de assistentes sociais em empresas. Trata-se de resultados parciais de nossa pesquisa de doutorado (2015), realizada na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, que teve como método de coleta de dados qualitativos entrevistas semiestruturadas e pesquisas bibliográficas de orientação marxista. Palavras-Chave: crise do capital; Serviço Social; consultoria empresarial.
Modelo de ajuste nos governos petistas em meio à ideologia da conciliação de classes: chão histórico do Golpe de 2016 no Brasil Contemporâneo
Authors: De Carvalho Alba Maria Pinho , Rodrigues Júnior Natan Dos Santos
Published: September 2019

Nesta produção acadêmica, o foco analítico incide no modelo de ajuste encarnado nos governos petistas, enfatizando a ideologia da conciliação de classes como sustentáculo desta versão do modelo rentista-neoextrativista, no período em que o PT ocupou a presidência da República. Enfocamos, de modo especial, o momento de hibridização das políticas de ajuste com o chamado neodesenvolvimentismo, resgatando polêmicas ideológicas que demarcam esta perspectiva do neodesenvolvimento no século XXI. Para circunscrever este período da contemporaneidade brasileira, efetivamos um recuo histórico, contemplando os percursos do ajuste do Brasil ao capitalismo financeirizado, em seus diferentes ciclos. Sustentamos a tese de um esgotamento da versão petista desse modelo de ajuste com a debacle desta ideologia da conciliação de classes, a marcar o cenário de meados da segunda década do século XXI, a partir da ofensiva das próprias elites, deflagrando, assim, a crise brasileira contemporânea, chão histórico do Golpe de 2016. Palavras-Chave: Ideologia da conciliação de classes; ajuste brasileiro; governos petistas; neodesenvolvimentismo; golpe de 2016.
Proton pump inhibitors: a round up of the latest literature
Authors: Paterson Ruth
Published: September 2019

Ruth Paterson provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to non-medical prescribers. Should you wish to look at any of the articles in more detail, a full reference is provided
Developmental dysplasia of the hip: update of management
Authors: Vaquero-Picado Alfonso , González-Morán Gaspar , Garay Enrique Gil , Moraleda Luis
Published: September 2019

The term ‘developmental dysplasia of the hip’ (DDH) includes a wide spectrum of hip alterations: neonatal instability; acetabular dysplasia; hip subluxation; and true dislocation of the hip. DDH alters hip biomechanics, overloading the articular cartilage and leading to early osteoarthritis. DDH is the main cause of total hip replacement in young people (about 21% to 29%). Development of the acetabular cavity is determined by the presence of a concentrically reduced femoral head. Hip subluxation or dislocation in a child will cause an inadequate development of the acetabulum during the remaining growth. Clinical screening (instability manoeuvres) should be done universally as a part of the physical examination of the newborn. After two or three months of life, limited hip abduction is the most important clinical sign. Selective ultrasound screening should be performed in any child with abnormal physical examination or in those with high-risk factors (breech presentation and positive family history). Universal ultrasound screening has not demonstrated its utility in diminishing the incidence of late dysplasia. Almost 90% of patients with mild hip instability at birth are resolved spontaneously within the first eight weeks and 96% of pathologic changes observed in echography are resolved spontaneously within the first six weeks of life. However, an Ortolani-positive hip requires immediate treatment. When the hip is dislocated or subluxated, a concentric and stable reduction without forceful abduction needs to be obtained by closed or open means. Pavlik harness is usually the first line of treatment under the age of six months. Hip arthrogram is useful for guiding the decision of performing a closed or open reduction when needed. Acetabular dysplasia improves in the majority due to the stimulus provoked by hip reduction. The best parameter to predict persistent acetabular dysplasia at maturity is the evolution of the acetabular index. Pelvic or femoral osteotomies should be performed when residual acetabular dysplasia is present or in older children when a spontaneous correction after hip reduction is not expected. Avascular necrosis is the most serious complication and is related to: an excessive abduction of the hip; a force closed reduction when obstacles for reduction are present; a maintained dislocated hip within the harness or spica cast; and a surgical open reduction.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:548-556. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180019
Why do civil servants experience media-stress differently and what can be done about it?
Authors: Schillemans Thomas , Karlsen Rune , Kolltveit Kristoffer
Published: September 2019

Pressure from the media affects the daily work of bureaucrats and induces ‘media stress’, with potentially critical effects on the quality of public policy. This article analyses how bureaucrats’ daily work has been adapted to the media (‘mediatised’) and which groups of bureaucrats experience the most media-stress. Reporting the results of an original and large-scale survey (N=4,655) this article demonstrates that levels of media-stress vary among different groups of civil servants. In turn, its analysis suggests that media-stress is more pronounced in the Netherlands than in Norway, is more concentrated in the lower rungs of administrative hierarchies and is related to media pressures on organisations. By untangling the underlying logic of mediatisation and the dynamics of media-stress, this article makes an important contribution to extant scholarship and also provides a series of practical recommendations.
De la presunta frivolidad de Francisco Umbral
Authors: De Buron-Brun Bénédicte
Published: September 2019

¿Puede tacharse de frívolo a un autor de la talla de Francisco Umbral por escribir sobre la farándula y la jet set? En primer lugar, convendría explicar el concepto de frivolidad y contextualizarlo en función de la época. Luego, tras repasar la obra umbraliana desde sus principios, años sesenta, hasta los albores del siglo XXI, nos proponemos poner en tela de juicio la etiqueta que se le ha colgado a dicho escritor e intentar dar otra lectura de una obra en la que la frivolidad no es, a nuestro parecer, sino una palanca para evocar fenómenos sociológicos propios de la historia contemporánea de España.
Francisco Umbral, Mis queridos políticos. Retratos poéticos y antipoéticos, edición de Guillermo Laín Corona, Renacimiento, Los Cuatro Vientos, 2017
Authors: García Candeira Margarita
Published: September 2019

Reseña de la publicación de Francisco Umbral: Mis queridos políticos. Retratos poéticos y antipoéticos, edición de Guillermo Laín Corona. Editorial Renacimiento, Los Cuatro Vientos, 2017. ISBN: 9788417266004, 300 páginas.
Ana Rodríguez Fischer, Trajinantes de caminos. Reportajes, crónicas, impresiones y recuerdos de viaje en los escritores españoles de Fin de Siglo, Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2018
Authors: Lozano Marco Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2019

Reseña de la publicación de Ana Rodríguez Fischer: Trajinantes de caminos. Reportajes, crónicas, impresiones y recuerdos de viaje en los escritores españoles de Fin de Siglo, Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2018. ISBN: 9788477239765, 234 páginas.
IMPACT OF THERAPY ON HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (ACCORDING TO THE RENAISSANCE REGISTER)
Authors: Vorobyeva L. D. , Aseeva E. A. , Solovyev S. K. , Koilubaeva G. M. , Glukhova S. I.
Published: September 2019

Objective: to assess changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during performed therapy.Subjects and methods. The investigation included 128 patients with reliable SLE who fulfilled the 2012 SLICC criteria. Sixty-eight patients received standard therapy; 60 used biological agents (BA). During the first visit and at 12 months, all the patients were assessed for disease activity using by SLEDAI-2K and for organ damage employing the SLICC damage index (DI). HRQoL was assessed by the LupusQoL questionnaire that was filled out by the patients independently.Results and discussion. At Visit 1, the disease activity index averaged 8.0±7.3 in the standard therapy group and 15.4±7.6 in the BA group (p≤0.001); DI was 1.2±0.9 and 1.8±1.8, respectively (p=0.008). BA-treated patients had significantly lower HRQoL scores on all questionnaire scales, except «dependence on others» and «emotional health» ones Both the standard therapy and BA groups showed significantly lower disease activity during Visit 2 at 12 months. HRQoL assessment revealed significant improvements in the scales «pain», «planning», «intimate relationships», «emotional health», «body image», and «fatigue» in the BA group. The standard therapy group had a statistically significant improvement in the scale «dependence on others». All the other scales of the questionnaire displayed a positive change in HRQoL; however, it did not reach statistical significance.
FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Vorobyeva L. D.
Published: September 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects any organs and systems and is characterized by a wide range of various clinical manifestations. According to the treat-to-target strategy for SLE, in addition to monitoring disease activity and irreversible organ damage, it is necessary to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL), which enables one to obtain a complete and objective description of the patient. All the factors and problems that may worsen HRQOL should be also taken into account. Fatigue, pain, and depression are identified as the major symptoms that largely affect HRQOL. The impact of cognitive impairment associated with the disease is also considered. Impaired body image, i.e. the perception of his own appearance by a patient himself, is an important problem in patients with SLE. The unpredictable course of the disease and the impaired physical functioning of patients make it difficult to perform everyday activities, as well as disturb socialization; the patients often experience of being dependent on others. Due to SLE, the patients are often limited in their choice of profession or forced to quit/change their jobs, which leads to financial losses and feelings of social isolation. The review also considers gender, age, and education as factors influencing HRQOL in patients with SLE.
ETODOLAC, A WELL KNOWN AND ACTIVELY USED DRUG IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD. WOULD IT BE TIME FOR US?
Authors: Karateev A. E.
Published: September 2019

Etodolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), a moderately selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, which has been already used in clinical practice for more than 30 years as a universal analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Etodolac has proven itself in relieving acute pain associated with injuries and surgical interventions (particularly in dentistry). However, the main point of application of etodolac is long-term pain control in chronic rheumatic diseases, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Numerous clinical trials have shown that etodolac is at least not inferior in its therapeutic effect to many other popular representatives of the NSAID group or exceeds them. The main advantage of etodolac is the low frequency of gastrointestinal complications. This review presents the basic data available in the literature on the efficacy and safety of etodolac.
Validity and reliability study of Effects of Digital Games in Early Ages Scale
Authors: Balaban Dağal Asude , Bayındır Dilan
Published: September 2019

The aim of this research is to develop a scale aiming to measure the effects of digital games on children during early childhood period according to parent perceptions. In the course of developing the scale items, related literature was reviewed in detail and relevant scales and the previous research carried out were examined. After the expert opinions were obtained, the scale was sent to the families of 1500 children by administrators and teachers who worked in the primary schools and kindergartens, which were randomly selected and were affiliated to the Provincial Directorate of National Education of Istanbul. 731 data were included in the survey. 342 girls and 389 boys aged between 55-95 months constituted the sample of the research. The data regarding the children were gathered by means of forms filled out by their parents. In order to determine the construct validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis, which is one of the principal component analyses, was applied. As a result of the analysis, the KMO value was found as .90. The total variance explained is 63.40%. Factor load values were found to be ranging from .87 to .54. The internal consistency coefficient of the total scale was found to be .91. Internal consistency coefficients of the factors were .82 for entertainment, .90 for learning, .86 for physical, .87 for social dimension and .84 for emotional dimension. Analyses showed that the "Effects of Digital Games in Early Ages Scale" which is a scale of 25 items, is a valid and reliable scale.
Validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to detect cannabinoids in whole blood and breath
Authors: Hubbard Jacqueline A. , Smith Breland E. , Sobolesky Philip M. , Kim Sollip , Hoffman Melissa A. , Stone Judith , Huestis Marilyn A. , Grelotti David J. , Grant Igor , Marcotte Thomas D. , Fitzgerald Robert L.
Published: September 2019

Background

The widespread availability of cannabis raises concerns regarding its effect on driving performance and operation of complex equipment. Currently, there are no established safe driving limits regarding ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations in blood or breath. Daily cannabis users build up a large body burden of THC with residual excretion for days or weeks after the start of abstinence. Therefore, it is critical to have a sensitive and specific analytical assay that quantifies THC, the main psychoactive component of cannabis, and multiple metabolites to improve interpretation of cannabinoids in blood; some analytes may indicate recent use.

Methods

A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to quantify THC, cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), (±)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THC (THCCOOH), (+)-11-nor-Δ9-THC-9-carboxylic acid glucuronide (THCCOOH-gluc), cannabigerol (CBG), and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) in whole blood (WB). WB samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and quantified by LC-MS/MS. A rapid and simple method involving methanol elution of THC in breath collected in SensAbues® devices was optimized.

Results

Lower limits of quantification ranged from 0.5 to 2 μg/L in WB. An LLOQ of 80 pg/pad was achieved for THC concentrations in breath. Calibration curves were linear (R2>0.995) with calibrator concentrations within ±15% of their target and quality control (QC) bias and imprecision ≤15%. No major matrix effects or drug interferences were observed.

Conclusions

The methods were robust and adequately quantified cannabinoids in biological blood and breath samples. These methods will be used to identify cannabinoid concentrations in an upcoming study of the effects of cannabis on driving.
Relationship between attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of western juniper and natural resistance to fungal and termite attack
Authors: Lipeh Shahlinney , Schimleck Laurence R. , Mankowski Mark E. , McDonald Armando G. , Morrell Jeffrey J.
Published: September 2019

Wood extractives are considered the major factor determining the natural durability of wood. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was assessed for rapid determination of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook. var. occidentalis) durability based on extractives in heartwood, sapwood-heartwood and sapwood regions. Durability was assessed by exposing samples to brown-rot decay fungi [Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.) Murrill and Rhodonia placenta (Fr.) Niemelä, K.H. Larss. & Schigel] or eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar). Durability classifications were compared to their extractive contents, along with ATR-FTIR spectra of extracted and unextracted blocks to establish relationships using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Western juniper durability varied with test organisms, but the majority of samples had high fungal and termite resistance. Moderate to weak connections were observed between durability and extractive content, but HCA and PCA analysis were unable to classify durability with accuracy. The absence of non-resistant samples may have influenced the ability of the chemometric methods to accurately categorize durability.
On the Use of Optimal Transportation Theory to Recode Variables and Application to Database Merging
Authors: Gares Valérie , Dimeglio Chloé , Guernec Grégory , Fantin Romain , Lepage Benoit , Kosorok Michael R. , Savy Nicolas
Published: September 2019

Merging databases is a strategy of paramount interest especially in medical research. A common problem in this context comes from a variable which is not coded on the same scale in both databases we aim to merge. This paper considers the problem of finding a relevant way to recode the variable in order to merge these two databases. To address this issue, an algorithm, based on optimal transportation theory, is proposed. Optimal transportation theory gives us an application to map the measure associated with the variable in database A to the measure associated with the same variable in database B. To do so, a cost function has to be introduced and an allocation rule has to be defined. Such a function and such a rule is proposed involving the information contained in the covariates. In this paper, the method is compared to multiple imputation by chained equations and a statistical learning method and has demonstrated a better average accuracy in many situations. Applications on both simulated and real datasets show that the efficiency of the proposed merging algorithm depends on how the covariates are linked with the variable of interest.
In vivo neuroprotective, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory potential in Swiss albino mice and in vitro antioxidant and clot lysis activities of fractionated Holigarna longifolia Roxb. bark extract
Authors: Uddin Md. Zia , Rana Md. Sohel , Hossain Shahadat , Ferdous Sumaiya , Dutta Emon , Dutta Mycal , Emran Talha Bin
Published: September 2019

Background

The study investigated the in vivo neuroprotective, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory potential and in vitro antioxidant and clot lysis activities of crude methanol extract with its different solvent-soluble fractions like petroleum ether (PESF), carbon tetrachloride (CTSF), chloroform (CSF) and aqueous (AQSF) of Holigarna longifolia Roxb.

Methods

Phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time method was used for the neuroprotective activity, writhing response experimental model introduced by acetic acid was designed for antinociceptive efficacy, carrageenan-induced paw edema model was carried out for anti-inflammatory activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity was assessed for antioxidant activity and clot lysis model was investigated for the thrombolytic potential of the plant.

Results

On investigation it was found that methanol extract and CS fraction revealed statistically meaningful (p<0.05) neuroprotective activity by increasing phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time of mice, produced substantial (p<0.05) inflammation inhibitory efficacy compared to standard diclofenac sodium and also exhibited statistically significant (p<0.01) oxidative stress inhibitory efficacy by inhibiting free radical formation compared to ascorbic acid as standard. Only methanol extract produced significant (p<0.05) antinociceptive activity by inhibiting abdominal writhes produced by acetic acid compared to standard analgesic drug diclofenac sodium. And only aqueous soluble fraction exhibited moderate clot lysis activity compared to streptokinase as standard.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that H. longifolia could be potential neuroprotective due to its justified antioxidative capacity as well as clot lysis properties.
Beyond the color: the implications of pigmentation polymorphism in the activity behavior of a Neotropical squirrel
Authors: Tavares Mariana Silva , Aguiar Leonardo dos Santos , Salvador Carlos Henrique , Galliez Maron
Published: September 2019

Pigmentation polymorphism occurs in many mammals but is considered rare in natural populations. Here, we report the first record of pigmentation polymorphism in a Neotropical squirrel, Guerlinguetus ingrami, at a private reserve in southern Brazil. The number of records for leucistic squirrels was approximately half that for brown squirrels. We also tested the differences in activity patterns between the leucistic and the brown squirrels. Both phenotypes were diurnal, but there was temporal segregation between the two. Further studies are needed to elucidate the occurrence of leucism in G. ingrami, and the possible ecological and behavioral outcomes.
Spinozismus substanzloser Subjektivität. Jacobi und Jean Paul wider Fichtes Ichphilosophie
Authors: Wenz Gunther
Published: September 2019

Drei für Philosophie und Theologie gleichermaßen bedeutsame Streitigkeiten hat Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743–1819) maßgeblich bestimmt: den sog. Pantheismusstreit um Spinoza und den angeblichen Spinozismus von Lessing, den sog. Atheismusstreit in Auseinandersetzung vor allem mit Fichte und den sog. Theismusstreit, der durch eine Kontroverse mit Schelling hervorgerufen wurde. Der vorliegende Beitrag ist auf den Atheismusstreit von 1799 konzentriert, an dem sich neben Jacobi auch sein Gefolgsmann Jean Paul beteiligte, um den Denker dichterisch zu unterstützen.
Infanticide in Adam Bede: Hetty Sorrel and the Language of Justice
Authors: D’Alfonso Francesca
Published: September 2019

Starting from an analysis of realism as expressed by George Eliot in Chapter 17 of Adam Bede, this paper intends to investigate the way in which law is enforced in a case of infanticide. In particular, in Eliot’s novel the crime is committed by the beautiful and naive Hetty Sorrel whose tragic destiny is a consequence of her seduction by the aristocratic Arthur Donnithorne. Hence her condition of a fallen woman and, accordingly, the trial culminating in the sentencing to hanging. Significantly, Hetty’s silence before the jury in the courtroom is interrupted thanks to the intervention of Dinah Morris, her Methodist cousin who, meeting the prisoner in solidarity and sympathy, will have from her a full confession of the events.
The Abstruse Syntax of Law in Wilkie Collins’s The Law and the Lady
Authors: Marroni Michela
Published: September 2019

From the point of view of the British juridical system, The Law and the Lady can be interpreted as a sensation novel whose crucial albeit indirect message must be read in the context of Collins’s legal reformism. As well as challenging the Scottish verdict of Not Proven, the heroine of the novel, Valeria Brinton, presents herself as a woman detective who is anxious to prove her husband’s innocence before both the court and public opinion. Underlining the peculiarity of her mission is a destabilising tension which, in its social implication, is aimed to challenge the conformism and love of orthodoxy typical of the Victorian ethos. In this sense, Valeria’s gendered autobiographical writing, while giving full evidence to her resourceful womanhood, dramatises the blurring of the confine between masculinity and femininity and, at the same time, offers a representation of the old-fashioned and abstruse protocols of British law.
Some Preliminary Evidence on China’s New Monetary Policy Tool: The Standing Lending Facility
Authors: Liu Kerry
Published: September 2019

In 2013, China’s central bank introduced the standing lending facility to manage the volatility of interbank market rates. This study is the first of its kind in the academic literature by examining the effect of this new monetary policy tool. Based on monthly data between December 2015–November 2018, the empirical results show that the standing lending facility operations can significantly reduce the volatility of overnight SHIBOR, an important policy rate in the Chinese financial markets.
La reescritura del maldit de Joan Roís de Corella
Authors: Martos Josep Lluís
Published: September 2019

The Maldit is Joan Roís de Corella’s only poem that appears in all of the manuscript witnesses of his poetry, which is a good indication of its literary success. This article reviews the variations of the poem throughout these manuscripts in order to focus on the process of rewriting, which reaches its maximum development in the version transmitted in the cancionero known as the Jardinet d’orats. The variants of all of the witnesses are discussed from ecdotic perspectives and the focus is on the double version of the tornada. The article demonstrates that the maldit is Joan Roís de Corella’s poem in which there is the greatest development and the greatest adherence to troubadouresque techniques. The person responsible for the version in the Jardinet d’orats does not notice these formal characteristics, which disappear in the process of rewriting, and this is the principal argument for considering it apocryphal. The literary character of the poem, like the Valencian environment in which it was produced, respond to a certain collectivity, which a different poet took advantage to generate the rewriting of Joan Roís de Corella’s maldit.
Holistic Problem of Cooling Effect of Vertically Oil-Quenched Shaft-Type Workpiece
Authors: Zhang Kejian , Wang Shui , Hao Xuezhi
Published: September 2019

During the process of vertical oil quenching, the sides of a shaft with the same effective thickness often do not obtain the same quench cooling effect. Therefore, the quench cooling effect of such workpieces can only be described with the distribution of measured values on the whole surface instead of measured values at individual spots. This is the holistic problem of the quenching effect of such workpieces. The main hazard caused by this type of holistic phenomenon is the creation of serious and regular uneven longitudinal quenching hardness, from inside out on the shaft. The holistic problem is caused by two factors: (1) the gas flow within the vapor blanket and (2) the order of the transition of vapor blanket to nucleate boiling on the surface of the workpiece. Through experimental observation, analysis, and inference, a general model is summarized for the holistic problem of workpieces with shafts of different lengths in the quenching process. By using the general model and the law disclosed by it, a new technique is developed to solve the holistic problem of the workpieces. With the new technique, higher and more uniform quenching hardness can be achieved, the quenching period of the workpiece can be shortened substantially, and steels with lower hardenability can be used to make the workpieces and achieve the same hardening effect. Moreover, oil quenching can replace induction quenching and achieve the same case hardening effect. By comparing the characteristics of the holistic problem and the distortion problem of workpieces in quenching, we arrived at two inferences: (1) quenching distortion and the holistic phenomenon have the same driving factors and (2) quenching distortion is just one of the detriments caused by the holistic problem. Therefore, the quenching distortion problem of most workpieces can be solved by the angle of their holistic problems.
RIMB-1/RIM-Binding Protein and UNC-10/RIM Redundantly Regulate Presynaptic Localization of the Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kushibiki Yuto , Suzuki Toshiharu , Jin Yishi , Taru Hidenori
Published: September 2019

Presynaptic active zones (AZs) contain many molecules essential for neurotransmitter release and are assembled in a highly organized manner. A network of adaptor proteins known as cytomatrix at the AZ (CAZ) is important for shaping the structural characteristics of AZ. Rab3-interacting molecule (RIM)-binding protein (RBP) family are binding partners of the CAZ protein RIM and also bind the voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) in mice and flies. Here, we investigated the physiological roles of RIMB-1, the homolog of RBPs in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans. RIMB-1 is expressed broadly in neurons and predominantly localized at presynaptic sites. Loss-of-function animals ofrimb-1displayed slight defects in motility and response to pharmacological inhibition of synaptic transmission, suggesting a modest involvement ofrimb-1in synapse function. We analyzed genetic interactions ofrimb-1by testing candidate genes and by an unbiased forward genetic screen forrimb-1enhancer. Both analyses identified the RIM homolog UNC-10 that acts together with RIMB-1 to regulate presynaptic localization of the P/Q-type VGCC UNC-2/Cav2. We also find that the precise localization of RIMB-1 to presynaptic sites requires presynaptic UNC-2/Cav2. RIMB-1 has multiple FN3 and SH3 domains. Our transgenic rescue analysis with RIMB-1 deletion constructs revealed a functional requirement of a C-terminal SH3 in regulating UNC-2/Cav2 localization. Together, these findings suggest a redundant role of RIMB-1/RBP and UNC-10/RIM to regulate the abundance of UNC-2/Cav2 at the presynaptic AZ inC. elegans, depending on the bidirectional interplay between CAZ adaptor and channel proteins.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPresynaptic active zones (AZs) are highly organized structures for synaptic transmission with characteristic networks of adaptor proteins called cytomatrix at the AZ (CAZ). In this study, we characterized a CAZ protein RIMB-1, named for RIM-binding protein (RBP), in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans. Through systematic analyses of genetic interactions and an unbiased genetic enhancer screen ofrimb-1, we revealed a redundant role of two CAZ proteins RIMB-1/RBP and UNC-10/RIM in regulating presynaptic localization of UNC-2/Cav2, a voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) critical for proper neurotransmitter release. Additionally, the precise localization of RIMB-1/RBP requires presynaptic UNC-2/Cav2. These findings provide new mechanistic insight about how the interplay among multiple CAZ adaptor proteins and VGCC contributes to the organization of presynaptic AZ.
Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Mengusung Pancasila sebagai Konsensus Sosial, Kontrak Sosial, dan Social Imaginary
Authors: Laksono Leonard Bayu
Published: September 2019

The regulations on Higher Education are taught simultaneously two courses which intersect with each other, namely Pancasila and Citizenship education. The two learning contents of these courses can also be harmonized to achieve general learning objectives, especially related to the participation of citizens in the midst of national and state life, to build a civilization based on Pancasila values. This paper presents a critical note developed from historical-sociological content to see the realm of citizenship education in the context of the Republic of Indonesia, particularly highlighted from the perspective of social consensus theory, social contracts, and social imaginary. These three things then lead to the prioritization of the religious communities in their participation as part of civil society, and which have struggled from the beginning in the establishment of the state and its constitution. The awareness and participation of the religious communities is the idea of citizenship in the context of a pluralistic and multicultural society.Â Pada peraturan tentang Pendidikan Tinggi diajarkan secara bersamaan dua mata kuliah yang saling beririsan satu dengan yang lain, yaitu pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan. Kedua isi pembelajaran mata kuliah-mata kuliah tersebut dapat pula diselaraskan untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran secara umum, terutama terkait dengan peran serta warga negara dalam berpartisipasi di tengah-tengah kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara, untuk membangun peradaban berdasarkan nilai-nilai Pancasila. Tulisan ini menyuguhkan catatan kritis yang dikembangkan dari muatan-muatan historis-sosiologis untuk melihat ranah pendidikan kewarganegaraan dalam konteks negara Republik Indonesia ini, terutama disorot dari perspektif teori konsensus sosial, kontrak sosial, dan social imaginary. Ketiga hal tersebut kemudian mengarahkan pada pengutamaan komunitas agama-agama dalam peran sertanya sebagai bagian dari masyarakat sipil madani (civil society), dan yang telah bergumul sejak semula dalam pendirian negara dan konstitusinya. Kesadaran dan partisipasi komunitas agama-agama inilah yang menjadi gagasan kewarganegaran (citizenship) di tengah konteks masyarakat majemuk dan multikultural.
أهمية قوانين المصارف الشرعية في إندونيسيا )ﻧﻅﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻓﺳﻳﺭﺍﻟﻣﻮﻀﻭﻋﻰ (
Authors: Majid Zamakhsyari Abdul
Published: September 2019

إن إندونيسيا هي أكبر دولة إسلامية من حيث عدد السكان المسلمين في العالم، إذ يبلغ عدد السكان المسلمين نحو 204 ملايين نسمة. إن هذا العدد الكبير من المسلمين يشكل إمكانات كبيرة لتطوير الخدمات المصرفية الإسلامية. وقد بدأ هذا الموضوع في جذب اهتمام الحكومة إلى إصدار القوانين الداعمة للمصارف /البنوك الشرعية / الإسلامية. وذلك عبر السياسات والقرارات المتخذة عبرة فترة استمرت 36 سنة. في الفترة (1974-2008)، بدءا من عقد ندوة وطنية حول العلاقات الثنائية بين إندونيسيا والشرق الأوسط. والتي تمخضت عن فكرة إإنشاء البنوك الإسلامية. في عام 1988 قامت الحكومة بإصدار حزمة من القرارات والسياسات التي عرفت فيما بعد بقرارات أكتوبر 1988 (PAKTO ) والتي سعت إلى صبغة البنوك في اندونيسيا  بالصبغة اللبرالية،  خلت حزمة القرارات المذكورة من أي ذكر للمصارف أو البنوك الإسلامية. ولكنها ذكرت بشكل ضمني أن البنوك يمكن أن تحدد سعر الفائدة البنكية بنسبة 0% . بعد إصدار حزمة قرارات أكتوبر المذكورة بدأت البنوك الصغيرة والمسماة بنوك القروض الشعبية (Bank Perkreditan Rakyat ) والقائمة بناء على الأسس الإسلامية بالنشوء. وجود وعمل هذه البنوك الصغيرة على الأسس الإسلامية كان اكبر دافع لإنشاء أول بنك عام تجاري غير قائم على أساس الفائدة الربوية. وبعد ذلك بأقل من ستنين منذ إصدار باقة قرارات أكتوبر ، وبتارييخ 19-22 أغسطس 1990 أقيمت ورشة عمل للعلماء حول الفوائد البنكية في شيسروا، بوغور، والتي نتج عنها قرار بتكون لجان عمل لإنشاء البنك الإسلامي في إندونيسيا. في عام 1991 تم إنشاء بنك المعاملات إندونيسيا. فقد كان إنشاء ذلك البنك كأول مصرف إسلامي إستجابة جيدة من قبل الحكومة ، وقد قد بدأ نشاطاته في الأول من مايو 1992. ولكن ومع مرور الوقت ومرور إندونيسيا بالضائقة المالية عام 1997-1998 والتي أدت إلى خسائر كبيرة للمصارف في إندونيسيا وخاصة البنوك التقليدية وأدى إلى  نتائج سلبية في الموازنة البنكية. للحد من تداعيات الأزمة الإقتصادية ، صدر في عام 1998 القانون رقم . 10 عام 1998 والتي أعطت الفرصة لنمو البنوك الإسلامية والتي احتوت على فصول من بينها السماح بإنشاء البنوك ذات النظام البنكي المزدوج. ومع كل التطورات الحثيثة في عالم البنوك الإندونيسية ، تم في عام 2008 إقرار القانون رقم. 21 عام 2008 حول المصارف الإسلامية، والمأمول أن يكون لها تأثير ملموس في نمو البنوك الإسلامية مستقبلا.الكلمات الأساسية. المصارف  الإسلامية ، البنوك التقليدية، و الوحدات الإقتصادية الشرعية.
Identity Politics in Cultural and Structural Islam in Indonesia
Authors: Aji Ahmad Mukri , Yunus Nur Rohim
Published: September 2019

This paper seeks to discuss the notion of identity politics in the context of Islamic identity in Indonesia. In this context, the discourse of identity politics is correlated with the concept of structural and cultural Islam, represented by the Indonesian people. In some cases, the politics of identity is often associated with intolerance and social inclusivity. The Jakarta governor election is an example when one of the candidates was a Christian Chinese and accused of committing religious blasphemy in his speech. This study concludes that both structural and cultural Islam reflect the variety of Islamic expressions, which all deserve appreciation due to the roles they have played in the development of the Muslim society. Masing-masing individu memiliki kebebasan  untuk beragama di Indonesia, meskipun kebebasan itu terikat untuk tidak mengusik agama lainnya. Ketentuan ini diadopsi Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia dengan  memberi perlindungan bagi warga negara untuk memeluk agama tanpa harus mendapat gangguan atau ancaman dari pihak manapun. Undang-Undang PNPS Nomor 1 tahun 1965 merupakan  sikap negara hukum Indonesia yang tidak membiarkan pihak manapun merongrong agama resmi yang diakui negara. Fenomena yang terjadi akhir-akhir ini adalah inklusivitas sosial umat muslim yang dianggap kurang terhadap kaum minoritas. Hal ini terlihat dari sikap Muslim yang melakukan beberapa aksi protes akibat perilaku penistaan agama yang dilakukan mantan gubernur Jakarta. Dengan demikian,  muncul klaim dari agama lain bahwa kaum muslim sedang melakukan politik identitas yang berdampak adanya sikap intoleransi terhadap kaum minoritas.
Revisiting the Role of Women as Witnesses in Fiqh Justice
Authors: Dahwadin Dahwadin , Abdillah Syaik , Sunarsa Sasa , Somantri Muhamad Dani , Syaripudin Enceng Iip , Fauziah Hapsah
Published: September 2019

This paper discusses the role of women as witnesses in a court. This is one of debatable issues in Islamic law considering the provision stating that the value of two women’s testimony is equal to one man’s testimony. Based on a more comprehensive discussion and by revisiting the Islamic resources on this issue, this paper concludes that the provision in the hadith, historically, regards heavily on women’s capability and readiness to perform their duties as witnesses. It can be seen in the case of qadzaf where women can be witnesses for themselves (by stating four oaths in the name of Allah). Therefore, in the current development, women’s role as witnesses needs to be reconsidered so that women can appear in the judiciary to play a role in supporting justice. Penelitian literatur  (library research) ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimana pandangan kesaksian perempuan dalam Islam melalui pendekatan analitik terhadap ketentuan dalam fikih keadilan yang ditinjau melalui berbagai  berbagai corak diskusi dan referensi yang mendukung penelitian ini. Kesaksian merupakan proses menemukan dan membuktikan kebenaran dalam  perkara  perdata maupun  pidana. Dalam  hukum Islam, hal-hal yang membutuhkan kesaksian seperti itu adalah pernikahan dan perceraian yang menyangkut hudud dan qisha. Ada beberapa kriteria khusus dalam memberikan kesaksian. Dalam masalah-masalah spesifik, perempuan  tidak diizinkan memberikan kesaksian, diantaranya ialah wilayah hudud dan qisha. Ketentuan lainnya ialah  perempuan dapat  menjadi saksi di pengadilan, tetapi hanya dalam kasus perdata (transaksi keuangan), dan itupun bobot dua wanita sama dengan satu pria. Apabila  merujuk pada makna teks, maka jelas siapa pun dia (wanita) dan kualifikasinya tidak diperbolehkan untuk melayani sebagai saksi dalam kasus pidana. Meskipun secara historis,  terbukti banyak wanita cerdas, memiliki kedewasaan emosional, kredibilitas, dan berbagai kemampuan yang memenuhi syarat untuk tampil sebagai saksi dalam kasus-kasus, baik sipil maupun pidana. Masalah kesaksian seorang perempuan tersebut dinilai oleh sebagian orang sebagai salah satu perbedaan yang mensubordinasi perempuan.