bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of gene profiles related to the development of oral cancer using a deep learning technique
Authors: Tapak Leili , Ghasemi Mohammad Kazem , Afshar Saeid , Mahjub Hossein , Soltanian Alireza , Khotanlou Hassan
Published: February 2023

Background

Oral cancer (OC) is a debilitating disease that can affect the quality of life of these patients adversely. Oral premalignant lesion patients have a high risk of developing OC. Therefore, identifying robust survival subgroups among them may significantly improve patient therapy and care. This study aimed to identify prognostic biomarkers that predict the time-to-development of OC and survival stratification for patients using state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning.

Methods

Gene expression profiles (29,096 probes) related to 86 patients from the GSE26549 dataset from the GEO repository were used. An autoencoder deep learning neural network model was used to extract features. We also used a univariate Cox regression model to select significant features obtained from the deep learning method (P < 0.05). High-risk and low-risk groups were then identified using a hierarchical clustering technique based on 100 encoded features (the number of units of the encoding layer, i.e., bottleneck of the network) from autoencoder and selected by Cox proportional hazards model and a supervised random forest (RF) classifier was used to identify gene profiles related to subtypes of OC from the original 29,096 probes.

Results

Among 100 encoded features extracted by autoencoder, seventy features were significantly related to time-to-OC-development, based on the univariate Cox model, which was used as the inputs for the clustering of patients. Two survival risk groups were identified (P value of log-rank test = 0.003) and were used as the labels for supervised classification. The overall accuracy of the RF classifier was 0.916 over the test set, yielded 21 top genes (FUT8-DDR2-ATM-CD247-ETS1-ZEB2-COL5A2-GMAP7-CDH1-COL11A2-COL3A1-AHR-COL2A1-CHORDC1-PTP4A3-COL1A2-CCR2-PDGFRB-COL1A1-FERMT2-PIK3CB) associated with time to developing OC, selected among the original 29,096 probes.

Conclusions

Using deep learning, our study identified prominent transcriptional biomarkers in determining high-risk patients for developing oral cancer, which may be prognostic as significant targets for OC therapy. The identified genes may serve as potential targets for oral cancer chemoprevention. Additional validation of these biomarkers in experimental prospective and retrospective studies will launch them in OC clinics.
The addition of arginine deiminase potentiates Mithramycin A-induced cell death in patient-derived glioblastoma cells via ATF4 and cytochrome C
Authors: Linke Charlotte , Freitag Thomas , Riess Christin , Scheffler Jana Vanessa , del Moral Katharina , Schoenwaelder Nina , Fiedler Tomas , Fiebig Adina , Kaps Philipp , Dubinski Daniel , Schneider Björn , Bergmann Wendy , Classen Carl Friedrich , Maletzki Claudia
Published: February 2023

Background

Arginine auxotrophy constitutes a shortcoming for ~ 30% of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Indeed, arginine-depleting therapy using arginine deiminase from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpyADI) has proven activity against GBM in preclinical studies. The good safety profile of SpyADI renders this agent an ideal combination partner for cytostatic therapy.

Methods

In this study, we combined the antineoplastic antibiotic Mithramycin A (MitA) with SpyADI to boost single-agent activity and analyzed underlying response mechanisms in-depth.

Results

MitA monotherapy induced a time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in eight patient-derived GBM cell lines and had a radiosensitizing effect in all but one cell line. Combination treatment boosted the effects of the monotherapy in 2D- and 3D models. The simultaneous approach was superior to the sequential application and significantly impaired colony formation after repetitive treatment. MitA monotherapy significantly inhibited GBM invasiveness. However, this effect was not enhanced in the combination. Functional analysis identified SpyADI-triggered senescence induction accompanied by increased mitochondrial membrane polarization upon mono- and combination therapy. In HROG63, induction of lysosomes was seen after both monotherapies, indicative of autophagy. These cells seemed swollen and had a more pronounced cortically formed cytoskeleton. Also, cytochrome C and endoplasmatic reticulum-stress-associated proteins ATF4 and Calnexin were enhanced in the combination, contributing to apoptosis. Notably, no significant increases in glioma-stemness marker were seen.

Conclusions

Therapeutic utilization of a metabolic defect in GBM along with cytostatic therapy provides a novel combination approach. Whether this SpyADI/MitA regimen will provide a safe alternative to combat GBM, will have to be addressed in subsequent (pre-)clinical trials.

Graphical Abstract
The needs and opportunities for housing improvement for malaria control in southern Tanzania
Authors: Bofu Ramadhani M. , Santos Ellen M. , Msugupakulya Betwel J. , Kahamba Najat F. , Swilla Joseph D. , Njalambaha Rukiyah , Kelly Ann H. , Lezaun Javier , Christofides Nicola , Okumu Fredros O. , Finda Marceline F.
Published: February 2023

Background

Malaria disproportionately affects low-income households in rural communities where poor housing is common. Despite evidence that well-constructed and mosquito-proofed houses can reduce malaria risk, housing improvement is rarely included in malaria control toolboxes. This study assessed the need, magnitude, and opportunities for housing improvement to control malaria in rural Tanzania.

Methods

A mixed-methods study was conducted in 19 villages across four district councils in southern Tanzania. A structured survey was administered to 1292 community members to assess need, perceptions, and opportunities for housing improvement for malaria control. Direct observations of 802 houses and surrounding environments were done to identify the actual needs and opportunities, and to validate the survey findings. A market survey was done to assess availability and cost of resources and services necessary for mosquito-proofing homes. Focus group discussions were conducted with key stakeholders to explore insights on the potential and challenges of housing improvement as a malaria intervention.

Results

Compared to other methods for malaria control, housing improvement was among the best understood and most preferred by community members. Of the 735 survey respondents who needed housing improvements, a majority needed window screening (91.1%), repairs of holes in walls (79.4%), door covers (41.6%), closing of eave spaces (31.2%) and better roofs (19.0%). Community members invested significant efforts to improve their own homes against malaria and other dangers, but these efforts were often slow and delayed due to high costs and limited household incomes. Study participants suggested several mechanisms of support to improve their homes, including government loans and subsidies.

Conclusion

Addressing the need for housing improvement is a critical component of malaria control efforts in southern Tanzania. In this study, a majority of the community members surveyed needed modest modifications and had plans to work on those modifications. Without additional support, their efforts were however generally slow; households would take years to sufficiently mosquito-proof their houses. It is, therefore, crucial to bring together the key players across sectors to reduce barriers in malaria-proofing housing in endemic settings. These may include government subsidies or partnerships with businesses to make housing improvement more accessible and affordable to residents.
ATP2B4 regulatory genetic variants are associated with mild malaria
Authors: Thiam Alassane , Nisar Samia , Adjemout Mathieu , Gallardo Frederic , Ka Oumar , Mbengue Babacar , Diop Gora , Dieye Alioune , Marquet Sandrine , Rihet Pascal
Published: February 2023

Background

Genome-wide association studies have identifiedATP2B4as a severe malaria resistance gene. Recently, 8 potential causal regulatory variants have been shown to be associated with severe malaria.

Methods

Genotyping of rs10900585, rs11240734, rs1541252, rs1541253, rs1541254, rs1541255, rs10751450, rs10751451 and rs10751452 was performed in 154 unrelated individuals (79 controls and 75 mild malaria patients). rs10751450, rs10751451 and rs10751452 were genotyped by Taqman assays, whereas the fragment of theATP2B4gene containing the remaining SNPs was sequenced. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the SNPs and mild malaria.

Results

The results showed that mild malaria was associated with rs10900585, rs11240734, rs1541252, rs1541253, rs1541254, rs1541255, rs10751450, rs10751451 and rs10751452. The homozygous genotypes for the major alleles were associated with an increased risk of mild malaria. Furthermore, the haplotype containing the major alleles and that containing the minor alleles were the most frequent haplotypes. Individuals with the major haplotypes had a significantly higher risk of mild malaria compared to the carriers of the minor allele haplotype.

Conclusions

ATP2B4polymorphisms that have been associated with severe malaria are also associated with mild malaria.
The effect of exposure to traffic related air pollutants in pregnancy on birth anthropometry: a cohort study in a heavily polluted low-middle income country
Authors: Soesanti Frida , Uiterwaal Cuno S. P. M. , Meliefste Kees , Chen Jie , Brunekreef Bert , Idris Nikmah S. , Grobbee Diederick E. , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Hoek Gerard
Published: February 2023

Background

Ambient air pollution has been recognized as one of the most important environmental health threats. Exposure in early life may affect pregnancy outcomes and the health of the offspring. The main objective of our study was to assess the association between prenatal exposure to traffic related air pollutants during pregnancy on birth weight and length. Second, to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to traffic related air pollutants and the risk of low birth weight (LBW).

Methods

Three hundred forty mother-infant pairs were included in this prospective cohort study performed in Jakarta, March 2016–September 2020. Exposure to outdoor PM2.5, soot, NOx, and NO2 was assessed by land use regression (LUR) models at individual level. Multiple linear regression models were built to evaluate the association between air pollutants with birth weight (BW) and birth length (BL). Logistic regression was used to assess the risk of low birth weight (LBW) associated with all air pollutants.

Results

The average PM2.5 concentration was almost eight times higher than the current WHO guideline and the NO2 level was three times higher. Soot and NOx were significantly associated with reduced birth length. Birth length was reduced by − 3.83 mm (95% CI -6.91; − 0.75) for every IQR (0.74 × 10− 5 per m) increase of soot, and reduced by − 2.82 mm (95% CI -5.33;-0.30) for every IQR (4.68 μg/m3) increase of NOx. Outdoor air pollutants were not significantly associated with reduced birth weight nor the risk of LBW.

Conclusion

Exposure to soot and NOx during pregnancy was associated with reduced birth length. Associations between exposure to all air pollutants with birth weight and the risk of LBW were less convincing.
Multifunctional nanoplatforms application in the transcatheter chemoembolization against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Gang , Liu Zhiyin , Wang Weiming , Liu Mengnan , Xu Yanneng , Hu Wei , Fan Yao , Zhang Xun , Liu Yong , Si Guangyan
Published: February 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the sixth-highest new incidence and fourth-highest mortality worldwide. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the primary treatment strategies for unresectable HCC. However, the therapeutic effect is still unsatisfactory due to the insufficient distribution of antineoplastic drugs in tumor tissues and the worsened post-embolization tumor microenvironment (TME, e.g., hypoxia and reduced pH). Recently, using nanomaterials as a drug delivery platform for TACE therapy of HCC has been a research hotspot. With the development of nanotechnology, multifunctional nanoplatforms have been developed to embolize the tumor vasculature, creating conditions for improving the distribution and bioavailability of drugs in tumor tissues. Currently, the researchers are focusing on functionalizing nanomaterials to achieve high drug loading efficacy, thorough vascular embolization, tumor targeting, controlled sustained release of drugs, and real-time imaging in the TACE process to facilitate precise embolization and enable therapeutic procedures follow-up imaging of tumor lesions. Herein, we summarized the recent advances and applications of functionalized nanomaterials based on TACE against HCC, believing that developing these functionalized nanoplatforms may be a promising approach for improving the TACE therapeutic effect of HCC.
Reconsideration of the safety and effectiveness of human oocyte cryopreservation
Authors: Kwan Helen C. K.
Published: February 2023

Mature oocyte cryopreservation (OC) has become increasingly common since the American Society for Reproductive Medicine declared OC to no longer be experimental. Utilization of the open vitrification protocol has led to a marked improvement in the efficacy of oocyte cryopreservation. However, the safety and effectiveness of this cryopreservation method remain controversial. A previous report stated that among all initiated recipient cycles, the live-birth rate among recipients of all ages was significantly higher when using fresh donor oocytes (FDOs) rather than cryopreserved donor oocytes (CDOs). Confounding patient characteristics were noted as possible causes. OC stands as an acceptable elective medical intervention for preserving fertility in women. To further understand the effects of OC on the live birth rate resulting from fresh versus cryopreserved donor oocytes, reported data from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology from 2013 to 2020 were analyzed. The mean of the mean live-birth rate in all ages resulting from FDOs was 49.0% (44.6–53.3%) versus 41.0% (39.1–43.2%) for CDOs (difference, 8.0% [95% confidence interval, 5.35–10.57%], p value < 0.001). The lower live-birth rate observed for CDOs versus FDOs has been consistent throughout past decades. While there has been no reported increase in the aneuploidy rate for CDOs compared to FDOs, differences in the nondisjunction separation rate among different chromosomes were described in a recent report. Open vitrification culture medium usually contains high concentrations of cryoprotectants, such as 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 15% ethylene glycol (EG). Recent studies showed that tissue culture with 0.1% DMSO or 10% EG resulted in deregulation of gene expression, disruption of epigenetic imprints, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The addition of melatonin, which can remove reactive oxygen species from vitrification medium, was shown to improve CDOs qualities and functions to conditions similar to those of FDOs; however, there were insufficient data to conclude that melatonin could improve the lower live-birth rate. These factors that affect live birth rates, birth defects, birth weights and developmental health cannot be ignored and perhaps need to be studied again and followed when evaluating the true effectiveness of human oocyte cryopreservation.
A deep learning approach to track Arabidopsis seedlings’ circumnutation from time-lapse videos
Authors: Mao Yixiang , Liu Hejian , Wang Yao , Brenner Eric D.
Published: February 2023

Background

Circumnutation (Darwin et al., Sci Rep 10(1):1–13, 2000) is the side-to-side movement common among growing plant appendages but the purpose of circumnutation is not always clear. Accurately tracking and quantifying circumnutation can help researchers to better study its underlying purpose.

Results

In this paper, a deep learning-based model is proposed to track the circumnutating flowering apices in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana from time-lapse videos. By utilizing U-Net to segment the apex, and combining it with the model update mechanism, pre- and post- processing steps, the proposed model significantly improves the tracking time and accuracy over other baseline tracking methods. Additionally, we evaluate the computational complexity of the proposed model and further develop a method to accelerate the inference speed of the model. The fast algorithm can track the apices in real-time on a computer without a dedicated GPU.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that the accuracy of tracking the flowering apices in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana can be improved with our proposed deep learning-based model in terms of both the racking success rate and the tracking error. We also show that the improvement in the tracking accuracy is statistically significant. The time-lapse video dataset of Arabidopsis is also provided which can be used for future studies on Arabidopsis in various takes.
Fast reconstruction method of three-dimension model based on dual RGB-D cameras for peanut plant
Authors: Liu Yadong , Yuan Hongbo , Zhao Xin , Fan Caihu , Cheng Man
Published: February 2023

Background

Plant shape and structure are important factors in peanut breeding research. Constructing a three-dimension (3D) model can provide an effective digital tool for comprehensive and quantitative analysis of peanut plant structure. Fast and accurate are always the goals of the plant 3D model reconstruction research.

Results

We proposed a 3D reconstruction method based on dual RGB-D cameras for the peanut plant 3D model quickly and accurately. The two Kinect v2 were mirror symmetry placed on both sides of the peanut plant, and the point cloud data obtained were filtered twice to remove noise interference. After rotation and translation based on the corresponding geometric relationship, the point cloud acquired by the two Kinect v2 was converted to the same coordinate system and spliced into the 3D structure of the peanut plant. The experiment was conducted at various growth stages based on twenty potted peanuts. The plant traits’ height, width, length, and volume were calculated through the reconstructed 3D models, and manual measurement was also carried out during the experiment processing. The accuracy of the 3D model was evaluated through a synthetic coefficient, which was generated by calculating the average accuracy of the four traits. The test result showed that the average accuracy of the reconstructed peanut plant 3D model by this method is 93.42%. A comparative experiment with the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm, a widely used 3D modeling algorithm, was additionally implemented to test the rapidity of this method. The test result shows that the proposed method is 2.54 times faster with approximated accuracy compared to the ICP method.

Conclusions

The reconstruction method for the 3D model of the peanut plant described in this paper is capable of rapidly and accurately establishing a 3D model of the peanut plant while also meeting the modeling requirements for other species' breeding processes. This study offers a potential tool to further explore the 3D model for improving traits and agronomic qualities of plants.
Inadequate proximal screw fixation increases risk of failure following plate fixation of diaphyseal humerus fractures
Authors: Mistry Manisha R. , Tat Jimmy , Husain Rafi , Sheth Ujash , Richards Robin R. , Nam Diane
Published: February 2023

Background

Operative treatment of humeral shaft fractures (AO/OTA 12) is being performed more frequently. Accordingly, it is important to understand the complications associated with plate fixation. This study analyzes risk factors associated with mechanical failure following plate fixation of humeral shaft fractures in order to further elucidate the mode and location of failure.

Methods

A retrospective review of 351 humeral shaft fractures was completed at a single level I trauma center. Eleven of eighty-five humeral shaft fractures had aseptic mechanical failure requiring revision (12.9%), following initial plate fixation. Fracture characteristics (AO type, comminution, location) and fracture fixation (plate type, multiplanar, number of screws proximal and distal to the fracture) were compared between aseptic mechanical failure and those without failure. A forward stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to determine any significant predictors of aseptic mechanical failure.

Results

There was significant differences in fixation between the aseptic mechanical failure group and those without failure, specifically in the number of screws for proximal fixation (p = 0.008) and distal fixation (p = 0.040). In the aseptic mechanical failure group, patients tended to have less than < 8 cortices of proximal fixation (82%) and less than < 8 cortices of distal fixation (64%). Conversely, in patients without mechanical failure there was a tendency to have greater than > 8 cortices in both the proximal (62%) and distal fixation (70%). A forward stepwise logistic regression analysis found that less than < 8 cortices of proximal fixation was a significant predictor of aseptic failure, OR 7.96 (p = 0.011). We think this can be accounted for due to the variable bone quality, thinner cortices and multiple torsional forces in the proximal shaft that may warrant special consideration for fixation.

Conclusion

The current dogma of humeral shaft fracture stabilization is to use a minimum of 3 screws proximal and distal to the fracture, however the current study demonstrates this is associated with higher rates of mechanical failure. In contrast, 4 bicortical screws or more of fixation on either side of the fracture had lower failure rates and may help to reduce the risk of mechanical failure.

Level of Evidence Level III.
Learning curve for biportal endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy determined using the cumulative summation test
Authors: Kang Min-Seok , Park Hyun-Jin , Park Sang-Min , You Ki-Han , Ju Won-Jik
Published: February 2023

Background

Learning curves describe the rate of performance improvements corresponding to the surgeon’s caseload, followed by a plateau where limited further improvements are observed. This study aimed to determine the learning curve for biportal full-endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy (BE-PCF) for the unilateral cervical foraminal disc.

Methods

The learning curve was evaluated using a learning curve cumulative summation test (LC-CUSUM). The goal for the operation time was set to 78 min, which is the mean operation time (mOT) of percutaneous full-endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy (PE-PCF) performed by a senior surgeon. Moreover, clinical outcomes and post-operative complications were compared between the early and late learning periods 1 year post-operatively.

Results

This study enrolled the first 50 patients who underwent single-level BE-PCF, performed by a single surgeon. The LC-CUSUM signalled competency for surgery at the 20th operation, indicating that sufficient evidence was obtained to prove that the surgeon was competent. The mOT was 71.29 ± 11.69 min in BE-PCF, 71.84 ± 12.61 min in the early learning period, and 67.83 ± 10.31 min in the late learning period (p = 0.254). There was no statistical difference in clinical outcomes, visual analogue scale scores, and neck disability index between both periods (p > 0.05). Four complications were recorded throughout the whole period, with three in the early period and one in the late period (p = 0.285).

Conclusion

Our study shows that BE-PCF has a learning curve of 20 caseloads to achieve 90% proficiency, and it significantly reduces the operation time based on the performance of a senior surgeon proficient in PE-PCF.
The patient with patellar instability has a stenotic intercondylar notch and a thin anterior cruciate ligament: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Hao Kuo , Niu Yingzhen , Kong Lingce , Wang Fei
Published: February 2023

Background

Patellar instability (PI) usually combines with morphological abnormalities of femoral condyles that may affect the morphology of the intercondylar notch and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which are important in individualized ACL reconstruction. This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of the intercondylar notch and ACL in patients with PI.

Methods

80 patients with PI and 160 age- and gender-matched controls from January 2014 to June 2022 were studied. Morphological measurements of the femoral condyles included intercondylar notch height, notch width, medial condylar width, lateral condylar width, bicondylar width, notch width index, notch angle, lateral femoral condyle ratio (LFCR), condyle flexion angle, and posterior tibial slope. Morphological measurements of the ACL included ACL length, inclination angle, and ACL size. The measurements were compared between PI and control groups, and between males and females in PI group. The independent samples t-test was performed to examine differences in continuous variables. The chi-square test was used for comparing categorical variables.

Results

The intercondylar notch width, bicondylar width, notch width index, and notch angle were significantly smaller, while the LFCR was significantly larger in PI group than those of control group (p < 0.05). The ACL thickness (0.70 ± 0.16 cm vs 0.80 ± 0.21 cm, p = 0.023) and width (0.54 ± 0.14 cm vs 0.60 ± 0.13 cm, p = 0.029) were significantly smaller in PI group. The notch width was significantly smaller in female patients than males in PI group, but no significant difference was observed in the notch width index and notch angle (p > 0.05). No sex difference related to the morphology of the ACL was found.

Conclusions

The patient with PI had a stenotic intercondylar notch and a thin ACL. No significant sex difference in the intercondylar notch stenosis and ACL size was observed. The morphology of the intercondylar notch and ACL should be taken into consideration when planning individualized ACL reconstruction in the presence of PI.
Dynamic interaction of injected liquid jet with skin layer interfaces revealed by microsecond imaging of optically cleared ex vivo skin tissue model
Authors: Mohizin Abdul , Imran Jakir Hossain , Lee Kee Sung , Kim Jung Kyung
Published: February 2023

Background

Needle-free jet injection (NFJI) systems enable a controlled and targeted delivery of drugs into skin tissue. However, a scarce understanding of their underlying mechanisms has been a major deterrent to the development of an efficient system. Primarily, the lack of a suitable visualization technique that could capture the dynamics of the injected fluid–tissue interaction with a microsecond range temporal resolution has emerged as a main limitation. A conventional needle-free injection system may inject the fluids within a few milliseconds and may need a temporal resolution in the microsecond range for obtaining the required images. However, the presently available imaging techniques for skin tissue visualization fail to achieve these required spatial and temporal resolutions. Previous studies on injected fluid–tissue interaction dynamics were conducted using in vitro media with a stiffness similar to that of skin tissue. However, these media are poor substitutes for real skin tissue, and the need for an imaging technique having ex vivo or in vivo imaging capability has been echoed in the previous reports.

Methods

A near-infrared imaging technique that utilizes the optical absorption and fluorescence emission of indocyanine green dye, coupled with a tissue clearing technique, was developed for visualizing a NFJI in an ex vivo porcine skin tissue.

Results

The optimal imaging conditions obtained by considering the optical properties of the developed system and mechanical properties of the cleared ex vivo samples are presented. Crucial information on the dynamic interaction of the injected liquid jet with the ex vivo skin tissue layers and their interfaces could be obtained.

Conclusions

The reported technique can be instrumental for understanding the injection mechanism and for the development of an efficient transdermal NFJI system as well.
Incidence of near-death experiences in patients surviving a prolonged critical illness and their long-term impact: a prospective observational study
Authors: Rousseau Anne-Françoise , Dams Laurence , Massart Quentin , Choquer Laila , Cassol Héléna , Laureys Steven , Misset Benoit , Dardenne Nadia , Gosseries Olivia , Martial Charlotte
Published: February 2023

Background

So far, the few prospective studies on near-death experience (NDE) were carried out only in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with homogeneous aetiologies, such as cardiac arrest or trauma survivors. The aims of this 1-year prospective and monocentric study were to investigate the incidence of NDE in ICU survivors (all aetiologies) as well as factors that may affect its frequency, and to assess quality of life up to 1 year after enrolment.

Methods

We enrolled adults with a prolonged ICU stay (> 7 days). During the first 7 days after discharge, all eligible patients were assessed in a face-to-face interview for NDE using the Greyson NDE scale, dissociative experiences using the Dissociative Experience Scale, and spirituality beliefs using the WHOQOL-SRPB. Medical parameters were prospectively collected. At 1-year after inclusion, patients were contacted by phone to measure quality of life using the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire.

Results

Out of the 126 included patients, 19 patients (15%) reported having experienced a NDE as identified by the Greyson NDE scale (i.e. cut-off score ≥ 7/32). In univariate analyses, mechanical ventilation, sedation, analgesia, reason for admission, primary organ dysfunction, dissociative and spiritual propensities were associated with the emergence of NDE. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the dissociative and spiritual propensity strongly predicted the emergence of NDE. One year later (n = 61), the NDE was not significantly associated with quality of life.

Conclusions

The recall of NDE is not so rare in the ICU. In our cohort, cognitive and spiritual factors outweighed medical parameters as predictors of the emergence of NDE.

Trial registration This trial was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov in February 2020 (NCT04279171).
Proactive and Integrated Management and Empowerment in Parkinson’s Disease protocol for a randomised controlled trial (PRIME-UK) to evaluate a new model of care
Authors: Lithander Fiona E. , Tenison Emma , Ypinga Jan , Halteren Angelika , Smith Matthew D. , Lloyd Katherine , Richfield Edward W. , Brazier Danielle E. , Ó Breasail Mícheál , Smink Agnes J. , Metcalfe Chris , Hollingworth William , Bloem Bas , Munneke Marten , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Darweesh Sirwan K. L. , Henderson Emily J.
Published: February 2023

Background

People living with Parkinson’s disease experience progressive motor and non-motor symptoms, which negatively impact on health-related quality of life and can lead to an increased risk of hospitalisation. It is increasingly recognised that the current care models are not suitable for the needs of people with parkinsonism whose care needs evolve and change as the disease progresses. This trial aims to evaluate whether a complex and innovative model of integrated care will increase an individual’s ability to achieve their personal goals, have a positive impact on health and symptom burden and be more cost-effective when compared with usual care.

Methods

This is a single-centre, randomised controlled trial where people with parkinsonism and their informal caregivers are randomised into one of two groups: either PRIME Parkinson multi-component model of care or usual care. Adults ≥18 years with a diagnosis of parkinsonism, able to provide informed consent or the availability of a close friend or relative to act as a personal consultee if capacity to do so is absent and living in the trial geographical area are eligible. Up to three caregivers per patient can also take part, must be ≥18 years, provide informal, unpaid care and able to give informed consent. The primary outcome measure is goal attainment, as measured using the Bangor Goal Setting Interview. The duration of enrolment is 24 months. The total recruitment target is n=214, and the main analyses will be intention to treat.

Discussion

This trial tests whether a novel model of care improves health and disease-related metrics including goal attainment and decreases hospitalisations whilst being more cost-effective than the current usual care. Subject to successful implementation of this intervention within one centre, the PRIME Parkinson model of care could then be evaluated within a cluster-randomised trial at multiple centres.
Virtually supported penicillin allergy de-labelling during COVID-19
Authors: Ghassemian Arian , Sadi Geetanjalee , Mak Raymond , Erdle Stephanie , Wong Tiffany , Jeimy Samira
Published: February 2023

Background

Penicillin allergy is a commonly listed medication allergy despite rare overall incidence. Many patients erroneously have this label, which has personal, health, and societal costs. Penicillin allergy delabelling requires an oral challenge, which can be a rate limiting step in the de-labeling process; this is even more relevant with the reduction of in-person visits during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

To identify the utility and broader applicability of using a virtually supported platform, initially adopted given COVID-19 restrictions, to expedite penicillin oral provocation challenge and penicillin de-labeling in patients at low to moderate risk of immediate hypersensitivity reaction and based on shared decision making.

Methods

Patients in Vancouver catchment area were referred for penicillin allergy and virtually assessed by the consulting allergist between July 2020 and April 2021. Those deemed appropriate for oral challenge based on the allergist consultant were offered the option of a virtual oral provocation challenge to oral amoxicillin in a subsequent virtual visit. Patients who agreed and were consented underwent a virtually supervised oral amoxicillin challenge during the second virtual visit. Findings are summarized in this case series.

Results

Twenty-three patients, both adult and pediatric, ranging from no to significant co-morbidities were consented and underwent the virtual challenge. One hundred percent of patients were successful with no reaction after an hour post virtual oral provocation challenge with amoxicillin.

Conclusion

Virtual medicine is likely to remain in the allergist’s practice. Virtually supported penicillin allergy delabelling, based on shared decision making and risk stratification, presents another pathway for penicillin allergy delabelling.
DRESS syndrome due to iodinated contrast media. A case report
Authors: Zambrano Ibarra G. , Noguerado Mellado B. , Tornero Molina P. , Cuevas Bravo C. , Rojas Pérez-Esquerra P.
Published: February 2023

Background

The most frequent non-immediate reactions described with iodinated contrast media (ICM) are mild to moderate, however, some cases of patients with severe non-immediate reactions, such as drug eruption with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) have been described.

Case presentation

An 84-year-old patient developed DRESS syndrome after administration of ICM ioversol. The patient fullfilled the RegiSCAR diagnostic criteria for DRESS (definite score = 6). He underwent intradermal skin testing (IDT) with the widest panel of ICM available at our center. IDT was positive with ioversol and iomeprol. A punch biopsy was performed on the positive IDT with the culprit drug (ioversol) and histopathology was compatible with a T-cell mediated mechanism.

Conclusion

In this case, the IDT-positive biopsy was consistent with DRESS syndrome caused by T-lymphocyte activation, supporting the clinical diagnosis.
Radiographic quantification of the normal and near-normal coxofemoral conformation in Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds: a comparative study
Authors: Nahla Menna A. , Berry Clifford R. , Mostafa Ayman A.
Published: February 2023

Background

Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a multifactorial disease affecting large breed dogs with associated joint laxity and incongruity that predisposes them to osteoarthritis. The purpose of the study is to objectively compare the conformation of normal and near-normal coxofemoral joints (CFJS) in Labrador Retrievers versus German Shepherds on the extended ventrodorsal radiograph. Investigated groups were categorized as normal and near-normal CFJSaccording to the morphometric criteria established by the FCI scoring system. Center-edge (CE) angle, Norberg angle (NA), indices of dorsal AFH coverage width and area, acetabular slope (AS) angle, and inclination angle were determined for each group. CE angle and AS angle were modified from previously described human techniques. The width and area of dorsal AFH coverage were standardized by the corresponding femoral head diameter and area. Variables were compared between groups using an unpaired, two-tailedt-test. A Spearman correlation coefficient determined the relationship between selected variables.

Results

In Labradors, CE angle (lateral coverage) and dorsal AFH coverage area index (dorsal coverage) were greater in normal versus near-normal CFJS. In German Shepherds, lateral AFH coverage (CE angle and NA) was greater in normal versus near-normal hip joints; whereas, dorsal AFH coverage did not differ between the two groups. Lateral AFH coverage was greater in normal versus near-normal CFJSof both breeds. In Labradors, the inclination angle was greater in near-normal versus normal CFJS. Normal CFJSof Labradors revealed greater lateral and dorsal AFH coverages compared to German Shepherds. Near-normal joints of Labradors showed greater lateral AFH coverage compared to those of German Shepherds; whereas, dorsal AFH coverage did not differ between the two breeds. A steeper acetabular slope angle was noted in normal and near-normal CFJSof German Shepherds compared to Labrador Retrievers. The inclination angle of near-normal joints was greater in Labrador Retrievers compared to German Shepherds.

Conclusions

Overall, normal and near-normal CFJSof German Shepherds had lesser AFH coverage and steeper acetabular slope angle compared to Labrador Retrievers. Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds with CE-angles < 27° and < 21.8°, dorsal AFH coverage width indices < 51 and < 49%, and/or dorsal AFH coverage area indices < 53 and < 50%, respectively, may be consistent with CHD. Thus, the authors would recommend excluding subjects with lower values from breeding. Validating the reported measurements is still warranted.
Optimal partial regularity for very weak solutions to a class of nonlinear elliptic systems
Authors: Chen Shuhong , Tan Zhong
Published: February 2023

We consider optimal partial regularity for very weak solutions to a class of nonlinear elliptic systems and obtain the general criterion for a very weak solution to be regular in the neighborhood of a given point. First, by Hodge decomposition and the technique of filling holes, we establish the relation between the very weak solution and the classical weak solution. Furthermore, combining the technique of p-harmonic approximation with the method of Hodge decomposition, we obtain the partial regularity result. In particular, the partial regularity we obtained is optimal.
A new closed analytical solution for the elastodynamic half-space Green’s function
Authors: Sánchez-Sesma Francisco J. , Luzón Francisco , García-Jerez Antonio , Perton Mathieu , Sáenz-Castillo Mario A. , Sierra-Álvarez César A.
Published: February 2023

The elastodynamic half-space Green’s function has been the subject of research for more than a century since the Lamb’s classical solution. Here, we revisit the problem and present a new closed analytical solution, in frequency domain, based upon the Principle of Equipartition (EQP) of Energy. This principle asserts that the imaginary parts of the Green’s tensor components equal the average cross-correlations of the fields generated by the uniform incidence of P and S body waves and by Rayleigh surface waves with amplitudes weighted by partition factors. The real part of the Green’s function is the Hilbert transform of the imaginary part. We validate our results by comparing synthetic seismograms of well-known solutions for surface and buried forces and discuss the implications of this new solution. Constructing synthetic diffuse fields is a first step for identifying them in nature.

Graphical Abstract
Analyzing gender differentials in dietary diversity across urban and peri-urban areas of Hyderabad, India
Authors: Marla Kiran Suryasai , Padmaja Ravula
Published: February 2023

Background

India’s recent increase in urbanization alongside with feminization of rural agriculture could increase the existing gender disparities in dietary diversity. With many rural men migrating to urban areas, women have increased domestic burdens as well as productive burdens such as making informed crop production decisions so household members consume a diverse diet. Given the rapid and recent onset of this phenomenon, there is a need to explore gender differentials in diet diversity across urban and rural areas to assess if certain populations are being disproportionately impacted by this trend. There are limited established quantitative studies discussing this gender disparity with respect to urbanization. Therefore, this paper compares dietary diversity among adult men, adult women, adolescent males, and adolescent females in urban and peri-urban locations. The authors also assess if various sociodemographic factors correlate with dietary diversity.

Methods

Analyses were conducted on dietary diversity data collected by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) from selected urban (1108 individuals) and peri-urban (808 individuals) locations of Hyderabad, India. The total sample size of the population is n = 1816: 660 adult males, 662 adult females, 205 adolescent males, and 289 adolescent females.

Results

Adult women and adolescent females have a higher diet disparity between peri-urban and urban areas when compared to adult males and adolescent males. Multivariate analyses followed by post hoc multiple comparisons testing further support that peri-urban adult women consume a less diverse diet compared to their urban counterparts and less than other peri-urban adult men and adolescent women. It was also found that marital status, type of household card owned, and the highest degree of education are statistically significant correlators of an individual’s dietary diversity.

Conclusions

Given that urbanization could negatively impact already vulnerable populations such as peri-urban adult women, who play a key role in children’s nutrition, it is important to provide support to these populations. This paper suggests it is possible to do so through government subsidization of peri-urban farmers to grow more diverse crops, fortifying easily accessible foods with commonly lacking micronutrients, including Vitamin A, folic acid, and iron, market access, and affordable prices.
A case report of lingual nerve injury after a prolonged laparoscopic cholecystectomy using supraglottic airway device (i-gel®)
Authors: Afifi Mohamed , Cozma Stefan
Published: February 2023

Background

This is a case report of postoperative tongue numbness after a prolonged laparoscopic cholecystectomy using i-gel®.

Case presentation

A female patient 62 years old, ASA physical status II and with weight 72.7 kg, height 159 cm and BMI 28.8 kg/m2 had general anaesthesia using i-gel size 4 as artificial airway; vital data was stable and within normal range all through the surgery, the surgery was complicated due to the presence of intra-abdominal adhesions and the surgery was prolonged to 90 min With the insertion of surgical drains, she mentioned tongue numbness at the tip of the tongue on postoperative day 1, and this was completely resolved 4 weeks later on further follow-up.

Conclusions

We conclude that postoperative tongue numbness is one of the complications that should be highlighted after the i-gel®.
Screening crucial lncRNAs and genes in osteoarthritis by integrated analysis
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Yumin , Ma Tao , Wang Tao , Wen Pengfei , Song Wei , Zhang Binfei
Published: February 2023

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most frequent chronic diseases with high morbidity worldwide, marked by degradation of the cartilage and bone, joint instability, stiffness, joint space stenosis and subchondral sclerosis. Due to the elusive mechanism of osteoarthritis (OA), we aimed to identify potential markers for OA and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying OA.

Methods

Expression profiles data of OA were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in OA. Functional annotation and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were performed. Then, nearby DEmRNAs of DElncRNAs was obtained. Moreover, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of nearby DEmRNAs of DElncRNAs was performed. Finally, expression validation of selected mRNAs and lncRNAs was performed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

Results

In total, 2080 DEmRNAs and 664 DElncRNAs were determined in OA. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Endocytosis and Rap1 signaling pathway were significantly enriched KEGG pathways in OA. YWHAB, HSPA8, NEDD4L and SH3KBP1 were four hub proteins in PPI network. The AC093484.4/TRPV2 interact pair may be involved in the occurrence and development of OA.

Conclusion

Our study identified several DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs associated with OA. The molecular characters could provide more information for further study on OA.
Modelling the super-infection of two strains of dengue virus
Authors: Eegunjobi Adetayo Samuel , Anyanwu Michael Chimezie , Neossi-Nguetchue S. N.
Published: February 2023

Dengue is one of the vector borne diseases that threatened human race. It is imperative to understand the transmission dynamics of dengue, so that proficient and useful control can be developed. In this paper, we formulated dynamic transmission of two strains super-infection dengue. We used next generation matrix to obtain the basic reproduction numbers$${\mathcal {R}}_1$$R1,$${\mathcal {R}}_2$$R2,$${\mathcal {R}}_{12}$$R12. The obtained basic reproduction numbers are then used to test for stabilities whenever$${\mathcal {R}}_1<1$$R1<1,$${\mathcal {R}}_2<1$$R2<1,$${\mathcal {R}}_{12}<1$$R12<1, disease free-equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable or otherwise unstable. We also carried out numerical simulation with the aid of python software. Our results reveal that decreasing the value of tansmission probability$$\alpha ,$$α,slows down the spread of the disease.
Do no harm: can school mental health interventions cause iatrogenic harm?
Authors: Foulkes Lucy , Stringaris Argyris
Published: February 2023

In recent years, there have been extensive efforts in secondary schools to prevent, treat and raise awareness of adolescent mental health problems. For some adolescents, these efforts are essential and will lead to a reduction in clinical symptoms. However, it is also vital to assess whether, for others, the current approach might be causing iatrogenic harm. A growing body of quantitative research indicates that some aspects of school-based mental health interventions increase distress or clinical symptoms, relative to control activities, and qualitative work indicates that this may be partly due to the interventions themselves.