bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Orion Fingers: H2 Temperatures and Excitation in an Explosive Outflow
Authors: Youngblood Allison , France Kevin , Ginsburg Adam , Hoadley Keri , Bally John
Published: April 2018

We measure H2 temperatures and column densities across the Orion Becklin-Neugebauer/Kleinmann-Low (BN/KL) explosive outflow from a set of 13 near-infrared (IR) H2 rovibrational emission lines observed with the TripleSpec spectrograph on Apache Point Observatory’s 3.5 m telescope. We find that most of the region is well characterized by a single temperature (∼2000–2500 K), which may be influenced by the limited range of upper-energy levels (6000–20,000 K) probed by our data set. The H2 column density maps indicate that warm H2 comprises 10−5–10−3 of the total H2 column density near the center of the outflow. Combining column density measurements for co-spatial H2 and CO at T = 2500 K, we measure a CO/H2 fractional abundance of 2 × 10−3 and discuss possible reasons why this value is in excess of the canonical 10−4 value, including dust attenuation, incorrect assumptions on co-spatiality of the H2 and CO emission, and chemical processing in an extreme environment. We model the radiative transfer of H2 in this region with ultraviolet (UV) pumping models to look for signatures of H2 fluorescence from H i Lyα pumping. Dissociative (J-type) shocks and nebular emission from the foreground Orion H ii region are considered as possible Lyα sources. From our radiative transfer models, we predict that signatures of Lyα pumping should be detectable in near-IR line ratios given a sufficiently strong source, but such a source is not present in the BN/KL outflow. The data are consistent with shocks as the H2 heating source.
A New Test of Copper and Zinc Abundances in Late-type Stars Using Ultraviolet Cu ii and Zn ii Lines*
Authors: Roederer Ian U. , Barklem Paul S.
Published: April 2018

We present new abundances derived from Cu i, Cu ii, Zn i, and Zn ii lines in six warm (5766 ≤ 

≤ 6427 K), metal-poor (−2.50 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ −0.95) dwarf and subgiant (3.64 ≤ log g ≤ 4.44) stars. These abundances are derived from archival high-resolution ultraviolet spectra from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based optical spectra from several observatories. Ionized Cu and Zn are the majority species, and abundances derived from Cu ii and Zn ii lines should be largely insensitive to departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). We find good agreement between the [Zn/H] ratios derived separately from Zn i and Zn ii lines, suggesting that departures from LTE are, at most, minimal (≲0.1 dex). We find that the [Cu/H] ratios derived from Cu ii lines are 0.36 ± 0.06 dex larger than those derived from Cu i lines in the most metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] < −1.8), suggesting that LTE underestimates the Cu abundance derived from Cu i lines. The deviations decrease in more metal-rich stars. Our results validate previous theoretical non-LTE calculations for both Cu and Zn, supporting earlier conclusions that the enhancement of [Zn/Fe] in metal-poor stars is legitimate, and the deficiency of [Cu/Fe] in metal-poor stars may not be as large as previously thought.
S’associer à son inconscient
Authors: Soler Colette
Published: April 2018

L’association libre de l’analysant n’est pas à confondre avec la libération de la parole médiatique car elle s’adresse à un analyste, interlocuteur réel en place d’Autre témoin de sa vérité. La parole étant en même temps porteuse d’une jouissance, cela pose la question de la fin de l’analyse.
La règle fondamentale : l’outil de forage vers le réel
Authors: Texier Dominique
Published: April 2018

Freud en édictant la règle fondamentale au déroulement de la cure institue la contingence au fondement de son principe. Si elle conditionne nécessairement la levée des déterminations inconscientes qui mènent le sujet à son insu, la règle tient son tranchant de placer la contingence vers un au-delà, c’est-à-dire du côté du réel, d’un ouvert, qui ne soit pas l’illimité du monde numérique. C’est un ouvert troué, qui nécessite de faire avec son symptôme et le « il n’y a pas » de rapport sexuel. La règle fondamentale met la cure sous le principe de la rencontre et de la contingence, ouvrant dès lors vers un inédit, relevant de l’invention du sujet, et non du nécessaire.
Règle fondamentale : libre propos
Authors: Guillerault Gérard
Published: April 2018

Une fois rappelés les grands axes de la règle fondamentale, l’accent est mis sur ce qui s’y rattache pour le praticien comme neutralité . Signalant la manière dont celle-ci a pu se trouver appliquée avec un zèle excessif, on propose que soit possible une autre modalité d’exercice de l’analyse qui autoriserait au praticien plus de liberté dans son acte et de « vivance » dans son mode de présence concret.
Manque d’identité. Procès de l’identification
Authors: Fierens Christian
Published: April 2018

La méthode psychanalytique s’appuie sur le manque d’identité du sujet. L’identification ne peut être qu’une fabrique d’identité. D’abord comprise comme l’incorporation d’un sujet grand Autre par la fente d’un trait unaire, elle laisse toujours un reste, ce qui oblige à reprendre sans cesse le procès.
Nicolas de Staël, le réel, absolument
Authors: Sous Jean-Louis
Published: April 2018

Le suicide de Nicolas de Staël a intrigué, fasciné par l’énigme de ses motifs. Ce peintre fut d’une extrême et absolue exigence par rapport à sa façon de toucher, au plus juste, au plus près, le « réel » en jeu dans l’acte créatif. « Je n’ai plus la force de parachever mes tableaux » confie-t-il à un ami sur la fin de son existence, d’autant que, par ailleurs, la fausseté de son amour pour Jeanne achève ses illusions. Il s’agira, ici, à travers l’étude de la correspondance personnelle du peintre et d’un de ses derniers tableaux, Le grand concert , moins d’interpréter ce passage à l’acte que d’en faire résonner ce qui a pu en orchestrer la réalisation.
Le compromis selon Paul Ricœur
Authors: Assayag-Gillot Laure
Published: April 2018

Cet article soutient que le compromis se trouve au cœur du projet philosophique de Paul Ricœur en dépit de la fragmentation apparente de son œuvre. Ricœur conceptualise le compromis en le définissant comme une « mise en intersection d’ordres de grandeur différents », et le distingue de la compromission, entachée de négativité. Indispensable pour construire une vie en commun dans une société où le conflit est inhérent, le compromis témoigne pour Ricœur d’une anthropologie de l’homme qui est aussi une « ontologie de l’agir » ; le compromis atteste des potentialités de l’homme autant qu’il renvoie à la précarité de la parole donnée, susceptible d’être trahie à chaque instant.
L’État à l’épreuve de la régulation territoriale. La mise en négociations des contrats locaux de santé
Authors: Honta Marina , Haschar-Noé Nadine , Salaméro Émilie
Published: April 2018

Le contrat local de santé (CLS) est l’instrument dont disposent les agences régionales de santé (ARS) chargées d’organiser la régulation de l’action publique en ce domaine. Elles sont ainsi invitées à reconnaître et soutenir les capacités de mobilisation des collectivités territoriales ou de leurs groupements confrontés à la prise en charge des questions sanitaires. Dépendantes de la contribution de ces acteurs, leur engagement dans cette entreprise de mise en ordre de la santé ouvre, de fait, l’espace de la négociation. L’analyse comparée de la fabrication de onze CLS montre que les compromis localement adoptés attestent des difficultés que rencontrent les ARS pour s’extraire des jeux locaux, imposer leurs priorités et, in fine , procéder à la régulation de ce domaine.
La négociation responsable
Authors: Viau Julien , Sassi Héla , Pujet Hubert
Published: April 2018

À l’ère digitale, les informations confidentielles et les rumeurs circulent rapidement. Mobilisées, y compris par des acteurs qui ne sont pas présents à la table des négociations, ces données numériques accroissent la pression sur les négociateurs avant, pendant et après les discussions. Cette transparence quasi-totale des échanges appelle une nouvelle approche permettant de reconnaître les parties faibles et absentes pour construire des accords durables : la négociation responsable (NR) ou négociation basée sur les intérêts globaux (NBIG).
En Europe, on circule librement... sous conditions
Authors: Benlolo-Carabot Myriam
Published: April 2018

Le droit accordé par le traité de Maastricht aux citoyens de l’Union européenne de circuler et de séjourner librement dans les États membres s’est vu peu à peu assorti de conditions, de freins, de contraintes qui ont mis à mal l’idée de citoyenneté européenne. La nouvelle ligne défendue par la Cour de justice dans ses arrêts récents est pour le moins inquiétante pour l’avenir de la libre circulation et d’installation des Européens.
Les fruits de la frontière
Authors: Hellio Emmanuelle , Moreno Nieto Juana
Published: April 2018

Il est courant d’opposer la liberté de circulation des personnes avec celle des marchandises ou des capitaux, réputée sans entrave dans un monde libéral, pour constater que la première n’est que formelle. Mais les choses ne sont pas si simples et les marchandises ne circulent pas si librement quand les intérêts économiques de la rive nord de la Méditerranée sont en jeu. Où l’on parle de subordination des terres et des travailleuses marocaines au calendrier productif européen.
Réparées, soignées... expulsées
Authors: Latouche Alice
Published: April 2018

Le centre d’hébergement d’urgence d’Ivry créé pour accueillir les exilés les plus vulnérables (femmes et mineurs isolés) n’échappe pas à la tension inhérente à ce type de structure où l’aide humanitaire est imbriquée dans des politiques de contrôle. L’angoisse d’un rejet de la demande d’asile et d’un retour à la précarité annihile parfois les tentatives d’accompagnement, tout en suscitant de nouvelles formes de solidarité et de résistance.
« Une Macédoine »
Authors: Naszályi Philippe
Published: April 2018

Se référer à Philippe et à son fils, le grand Alexandre, n’est évidemment pas pour nous déplaire ! Rappeler que sous une même langue, la diversité culturelle des peuples qui connurent la puissance des rois macédoniens, est restée riche et variée et non uniformément monochrome, est à l’évidence ce qui caractérise notre revue. Six articles clôturent ce numéro dans le 3e dossier : « Etudes de cas multiculturelles ». Les auteurs du 1er dossier «  Enseignement et entreprise  » poursuivent eux notre volonté de travailler sur les questions originales et de fond en sciences de gestion. Enfin, le deuxième dossier de ce numéro : «  Innovations et finance  ». Dans ce domaine à la fois si classique et si décrié qu’est, du fait de sa place devenue omniprésente, la finance, il nous a semblé utile de souligner quelques avancées ou étapes novatrices. Les chroniques bibliographiques sont ouvertes à l’un de nos partenaires traditionnel, le Cercle Turgot, aux sympathies libérales connues. Nous les ouvrons une deuxième fois, en souhaitant que cela ne soit pas une seconde, à Jean-Michel Servet pour présenter son analyse de l’ouvrage de Pierre Dockès : « Comment une histoire des crises peut/ doit (re)constituer un enseignement pour notre temps ». « Diversité c’est ma devise » est le vers de La Fontaine, que Pigault-Lebrun place en exergue de son ouvrage « Une Macédoine », publié en 1811... Qu’écrire de plus ?
L’adéquation de la formation doctorale en France aux besoins de l’entreprise : l’éclairage par les compétences
Authors: Couston Alexandra , Pignatel Isabelle
Published: April 2018

L’objectif de notre article est de montrer que la formation doctorale répond aux besoins de l’entreprise, dans le sens où cette dernière recherche des compétences distinctives afin d’être innovante et compétitive et que les docteurs de par leur formation, pratiquent la veille informationnelle, la recherche et la créativité. Cette adéquation entre besoins de l’entreprise et formation doctorale est en partie avérée par les études sur les compétences, même si ce rapprochement entre entreprises et docteurs ne va pas de soi, s’accompagne d’un taux de chômage élevé et n’est pas encouragé lors de la formation doctorale.
L’immersion dans les organisations
Authors: Rouquet Aurélien , Suquet Jean-Baptiste
Published: April 2018

En gestion, il existe une longue tradition de recherches qui se fondent sur l’immersion du chercheur dans une organisation. L’immersion soulève toutefois de nombreux enjeux méthodologiques. En particulier, la place occupée par le chercheur au sein d’une organisation s’avère décisive. Pourtant, aucune connaissance réelle des places possibles n’est disponible au sein de la littérature pour les chercheurs qui souhaiteraient s’immerger. À partir de 31 récits d’immersion collectés auprès de 16 chercheurs en gestion, cet article entend combler ce manque. L’analyse des récits d’immersion met en évidence que quatre types de places sont possibles : des places de stagiaire, d’employé, de professeur et de chercheur-participant. Chaque place : 1) se caractérise par différents rôles pour le chercheur ; 2) induit des rapports distincts avec l’organisation ; 3) se révèle plus ou moins accessible selon les caractéristiques du chercheur ; 4) est plus ou moins pertinente en fonction du projet de recherche.
Les prévisions des analystes financiers et les incorporels : les IAS/IFRS apportent-elles une amélioration ?
Authors: Lenormand Gaëlle , Touchais Lionel
Published: April 2018

Les incorporels sont souvent mal pris en compte par la comptabilité en raison de difficultés d’identification et d’évaluation. Depuis l’application des IFRS, de nouvelles règles comptables s’appliquent aux actifs incorporels. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser si ces changements se traduisent par une amélioration du contenu informationnel des immatériels reconnus au bilan au travers de meilleures prévisions de bénéfices réalisées des analystes financiers. À cette fin, un échantillon de 209 entreprises cotées sur Euronext est construit sur une période de 9 années avec l’application du référentiel national de 2000 à 2004 et des IFRS de 2005 à 2008. Nous constatons alors des erreurs et dispersions des prévisions significativement plus faibles sur la période d’utilisation des IFRS. Cependant, les nouvelles règles de comptabilisation des incorporels ne semblent pas contribuer à l’amélioration des prévisions des analystes. Pour le goodwill, nous constatons même une dégradation liée probablement au test de dépréciation potentiellement discrétionnaire.
Banques et Municipalités : une volonté commune de communiquer sur le Microcrédit Personnel Garanti (MPG)
Authors: Billaudeau Valérie , Poutier Elizabeth , Glémain Pascal , Bioteau Emmanuel
Published: April 2018

Communiquer sur l’offre de microcrédit personnel garanti (MPG) auprès d’un public fragilisé : telle est l’ambition partagée de la Municipalité et du Crédit Municipal des villes de Nantes (1999) et de Paris (2008). Dans les deux cas, le dispositif porté par le Crédit Municipal s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une politique publique de solidarité de la Ville « visant à renforcer l’insertion et la réinsertion sociale » de certains ménages. Bien que ces microcrédits passent par un partenariat banques et structures d’accompagnement, le nombre de microcrédits augmente peu mettant en évidence des problèmes de communication. Ce constat interroge les initiatives parisienne et nantaise, qui ont déployé une campagne de communication d’envergure demandant un investissement (temps et financier) peu réalisé par ailleurs. Par une approche qualitative, la communication déployée autour du microcrédit personnel garanti est analysée comme étant un outil de valorisation de l’image des organisations bancaires et politiques mobilisées dans ce dispositif.
Divulgation environnementale et performance financière des grandes entreprises française
Authors: Radhouane Ikram , Nekhili Mehdi , Nagati Haithem , Paché Gilles
Published: April 2018

L’objectif de l’article est d’analyser la relation entre la divulgation environnementale et la performance financière en utilisant un échantillon de grandes entreprises françaises du SBF 120 sur la période 2001- 2010. Nous analysons également cette relation en considérant l’effet modérateur du secteur d’activité dans lequel les entreprises opèrent en distinguant entre les secteurs « polluants » et les secteurs « non-polluants ». Les résultats montrent que si pour l’ensemble des entreprises de notre échantillon, le marché des capitaux réagit positivement à un niveau élevé de divulgation environnementale, il n’en est pas ainsi pour les entreprises opérant dans des secteurs dits « polluants ». Ces dernières doivent ainsi relever de nombreux défis dans leur stratégie de communication sur leurs engagements environnementaux.
Contexte institutionnel et entrepreneuriat dans les économies émergentes
Authors: Koubaa Salah , Benabdallah Mounia
Published: April 2018

L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer le rôle du contexte institutionnel dans la promotion de l’entrepreneuriat notamment dans les pays africains émergents. La prise en compte du contexte comme variable explicative du phénomène entrepreneurial permet de faire avancer la réflexion académique. Sur le plan empirique, les données de Global Entrepreneurship Monitor sont utilisées pour effectuer l’analyse corrélationnelle sur l’ensemble des pays de l’enquête GEM qui sont considérés comme étant des économies tirées par les facteurs ou par l’efficience (37 pays). Nous avons aussi utilisé les résultats GEM 2016-2017 pour présenter les écosystèmes des pays africains : le Burkina Faso et le Cameroun pour les économies africaines tirées par les facteurs et l’Egypte et le Maroc pour les économies tirées par l’efficience.
La T2A dans les établissements de santé de court séjour : réforme inachevée ?
Authors: Cash Roland
Published: April 2018

La tarification à l’activité (T2A) dans les établissements de santé a été mise en place en France dans le secteur du court séjour en 2004-2005, après une vingtaine d’années d’études et de travaux de simulation. Cette réforme a produit une partie des effets attendus. Elle a permis à l’hôpital public de reprendre aux cliniques privées une partie de l’activité chirurgicale et d’améliorer sa productivité, elle a apporté davantage de transparence sur les activités et les allocations de ressources, mais elle garde certains défauts : sa relative complexité, l’instabilité des règles, l’imperfection de l’approche forfaitaire pour prendre en compte des situations spécifiques, ... Les critiques récurrentes vis-à-vis de la T2A ont conduit les pouvoirs publics à engager de nouvelles réflexions sur le dispositif ; plusieurs améliorations sont intervenues depuis six ans, même si le cœur du dispositif est resté inchangé. Mais l’histoire n’est pas terminée et deux grandes perspectives d’évolution sont à l’étude : une plus importante prise en compte d’indicateurs de qualité dans le système d’allocation de ressources, et le paiement au parcours ou à l’épisode de soins.
Stearic Acid Induces CD11c Expression in Proinflammatory Macrophages via Epidermal Fatty Acid Binding Protein
Authors: Zeng Jun , Zhang Yuwen , Hao Jiaqing , Sun Yanwen , Liu Shujun , Bernlohr David A. , Sauter Edward R. , Cleary Margot P. , Suttles Jill , Li Bing
Published: April 2018

Obesity is associated with elevated levels of free fatty acids (FAs) and proinflammatory CD11c+ macrophages. However, whether and how free FAs contribute to CD11c+ macrophage differentiation and proinflammatory functions remain unclear. Here we report that dietary saturated FAs, but not unsaturated FAs, promoted the differentiation and function of CD11c+ macrophages. Specifically, we demonstrated that stearic acid (SA) significantly induced CD11c expression in monocytes through activation of the nuclear retinoid acid receptor. More importantly, cytosolic expression of epidermal FA binding protein (E-FABP) in monocytes/macrophages was shown to be critical to the mediation of the SA-induced effect. Depletion of E-FABP not only inhibited SA-induced CD11c upregulation in macrophages in vitro but also abrogated high-saturated-fat diet–induced skin lesions in obese mouse models in vivo. Altogether, our data demonstrate a novel mechanism by which saturated FAs promote obesity-associated inflammation through inducing E-FABP/retinoid acid receptor–mediated differentiation of CD11c+ macrophages.
CD4-positive lymphoepithelial-like carcinoma: Report of unusual case
Authors: Aziz Luaay , Saab Raya , Eid Toufic , Al-Abbadi Mousa A
Published: April 2018

We are reporting an unusual case of lymphoepithelial-like carcinoma (LELC) in an 8-year-old female patient where the tumor cells showed unusual CD4 expression. The lesion was found in the left submandibular neck region, in the vicinity of the submandibular gland. The salivary gland was not infiltrated by the tumor, and the tumor exhibited a classic LELC with single and clusters of tumor cells surrounded by many hematolymphoid cells. The tumor cells revealed strong positivity for Epstein–Bar virus as confirmed by the EBER: Epstein-Barr Virus in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) method of staining. Interestingly, the tumor cells expressed membranous immunostaining for the T-helper lymphocyte antibody (CD4) in addition to pan-cytokeratin. A brief discussion about this unusual finding is offered. The patient was treated as a case of Epstein–Bar virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma with excellent response.
Identification of extended spectrum beta lactamases, AmpC and carbapenemase production among isolates of Escherichia coli in North Indian tertiary care centre
Authors: Chaudhary Uma , Agarwal Shipra , Raghuraman Kausalya
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Identification of Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL), AmpC production and carbapenemase production among isolates of Escherichia coli, helps clinician to rationalize the choice of antibiotics. However, there is a lack of simple and effective method for simultaneous identification of these beta lactamases.Aim: To determine the concurrent production of beta lactamases using twelve disc method on E. coli isolates.Materials and Methods: A total of 200 multidrug resistant E. coli were screened using twelve disc method. The isolates of ESBL were confirmed by ceftazidime/clavulanic acid and cefotaxime/clavulanic acid method. Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) were confirmed by imipenem EDTA combined disc method.Results: Among the 200 isolates, 42.5% were ESBL producers, 9% were MBL and 6.5% were Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) and AmpC each respectively. Coproduction was seen in 54 (27%). A significant difference in sensitivity was seen in cefuroxime, aztreonam, cefoxitin and ceftriaxone among inpatient and outpatients.Conclusion: The present study highlights burden of ESBL, AmpC, KPC and MBL along with their coproduction in a tertiary care hospital. In-house antibiotic policy, infection control and epidemiological surveys will help us in controlling these resistant bugs. We believe, the twelve disc method is a simple, inexpensive screening method for beta lactamase production.
Visual versus fully automated assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Abazid Rami Mahmood , Abohamr Samah I , Smettei Osama A , Qasem Mohammed S , Suresh Annie R , Al Harb Mohammad F , Aljaber Abdulrahman N , Al Motairy Athary A , Albiela Diana E , Almutairi Bashayer Muhil , Sakr Haitham
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare three different echocardiographic methods commonly used in the assessment of left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction (EF). Methods: All patients underwent full echocardiography including LVEF assessed using M-mode, automated EF (Auto-EF), and visual estimation by two readers. Results: We enrolled 268 patients. Auto-EF measurement was feasible in 240 (89.5%) patients. The averaged LVEF was (52% ± 12) with the visual assessment, (51% ± 11) with Auto-EF and (57% ± 13) with M-mode. Using Bland-Altman analysis, we found that the difference between the mean visual and the Auto-EF was not significant (−0.3% [−0.5803–0.0053], P = 0.054). However, the mean EF was significantly different when comparing visual versus M-mode and Auto-EF versus M-mode with the mean differences: (−2.4365 [−2.9946–−1.8783], P < 0.0001) and (−2.1490 [−2.7348–−1.5631], P < 0.0001) respectively. Inter-observer variability analysis of the visual EF assessment between the two readers showed that intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.953, (95% confidence interval: 0.939–0.965, P < 0.0001), with excellent correlation between the two readers: R = 0.911, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The two-dimensional echocardiographic methods using Biplane Auto-EF or visual assessment were significantly comparable, whereas M-mode results in an overestimation of the LVEF.
Securing Communication in MQTT enabled Internet of Things with Lightweight security protocol
Authors: Bashir Adil , Hussain Mir Ajaz
Published: April 2018

This paper proposes a security algorithm for Internet of Things (IoT) using simple lightweight cryptographic operations. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is the simplicity, energy efficiency and the speed of algorithm such that it can be computed quickly using a low-power microcontroller. The encryption of the sensed data is performed using simple operations so as to consume smaller amount of node energy. To test the effectiveness, of the proposed algorithm, an experimental rig is set up to implement the proposed algorithm. The analysis confirms that the proposed algorithm provides end-to-end encryption and imparts security against likely attacks such as brute force attack, spoofing attack, and has small code footprint. It is envisaged that the algorithm can be very useful in securing message transmissions in Internet of Things.
Occupational Therapy and Primary Care: Updates and Trends
Authors: Halle Ashley D. , Mroz Tracy M. , Fogelberg Donald J. , Leland Natalie E.
Published: April 2018

As our health care system continues to change, so do the opportunities for occupational therapy. This article provides an update to a 2012 Health Policy Perspectives on this topic. We identify new initiatives and opportunities in primary care, explore common challenges to integrating occupational therapy in primary care environments, and highlight international works that can support our efforts. We conclude by discussing next steps for occupational therapy practitioners in order to continue to progress our efforts in primary care.
Extreme levels of Canadian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere over central Europe – Part 1: AERONET, MODIS and lidar observations
Authors: Ansmann Albert , Baars Holger , Chudnovsky Alexandra , Haarig Moritz , Veselovskii Igor , Mattis Ina , Seifert Patric , Engelmann Ronny , Wandinger Ulla
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Light extinction coefficients of 500 Mm−1, about 20 times higher than after the Pinatubo volcanic eruptions in 1991, were observed with lidar in the stratosphere over Leipzig, Germany, on 22 August 2017. A pronounced smoke layer extended from 14–16 km height and was 3–4 km above the local tropopause. Optically dense layers of Canadian wildfire smoke reached central Europe 10 days after injection into the lower stratosphere caused by rather strong pyrocumulonimbus activity over western Canada. The smoke-related aerosol optical thickness (AOT) was close to 1.0 at 532 nm over Leipzig during the noon hours. We present detailed observations of this record-breaking smoke event in a series of two articles. In part 1, we provide an overview of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometer observations and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrievals of AOT and show lidar measurements documenting the aerosol layering and the very high particle extinction coefficients. In part 2 (Haarig et al., 2018), observations with three polarization/Raman lidars are presented, performed at Leipzig after sunset on 22 August to elucidate the optical and microphysical properties of the aged smoke. As shown in this part 1, smoke particles were found throughout the free troposphere (532 nm AOT of 0.3). A pronounced 2-km thick stratospheric smoke layer occurred from 14–16 km height (AOT of 0.6). AERONET and lidar observations indicate peak mass concentrations of 70–100 μg m−3 in the stratosphere around noon and a well-defined (accumulation mode) smoke particle size distribution characterized by a large effective radius of 0.3–0.4 μm and the absence of a particle coarse mode.
Intercomparison of middle-atmospheric wind in observations and models
Authors: Rüfenacht Rolf , Baumgarten Gerd , Hildebrand Jens , Schranz Franziska , Matthias Vivien , Stober Gunter , Lübken Franz-Josef , Kämpfer Niklaus
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Wind profile information throughout the entire upper stratosphere and lower
mesosphere (USLM) is important for the understanding of atmospheric dynamics
but became available only recently, thanks to developments in remote sensing
techniques and modelling approaches. However, as wind measurements from these
altitudes are rare, such products have generally not yet been validated with
(other) observations. This paper presents the first long-term intercomparison
of wind observations in the USLM by co-located microwave radiometer and lidar
instruments at Andenes, Norway (69.3∘ N, 16.0∘ E). Good
correspondence has been found at all altitudes for both horizontal wind
components for nighttime as well as daylight conditions. Biases are mostly
within the random errors and do not exceed 5–10 m s−1, which is less than 10 %
of the typically encountered wind speeds. Moreover, comparisons of the
observations with the major reanalyses and models covering this altitude
range are shown, in particular with the recently released ERA5, ECMWF's
first reanalysis to cover the whole USLM region. The agreement between
models and observations is very good in general, but temporally limited
occurrences of pronounced discrepancies (up to 40 m s−1) exist. In the
article's Appendix the possibility of obtaining nighttime wind information
about the mesopause region by means of microwave radiometry is investigated.
Estimates of late Cenozoic climate change relevant to Earth surface processes in tectonically active orogens
Authors: Mutz Sebastian G. , Ehlers Todd A. , Werner Martin , Lohmann Gerrit , Stepanek Christian , Li Jingmin
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The denudation history of active orogens is often interpreted in the context
of modern climate gradients. Here we address the validity of this approach
and ask what are the spatial and temporal variations in
palaeoclimate for a latitudinally diverse range of active orogens? We do this
using high-resolution (T159, ca. 80 × 80 km at the Equator) palaeoclimate
simulations from the ECHAM5 global atmospheric general circulation model and
a statistical cluster analysis of climate over different orogens (Andes,
Himalayas, SE Alaska, Pacific NW USA). Time periods and boundary conditions
considered include the Pliocene (PLIO, ∼ 3 Ma), the Last
Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼ 21 ka), mid-Holocene (MH,
∼ 6 ka), and pre-industrial (PI, reference year 1850). The
regional simulated climates of each orogen are described by means of cluster
analyses based on the variability in precipitation, 2 m air temperature, the
intra-annual amplitude of these values, and monsoonal wind speeds where
appropriate. Results indicate the largest differences in the PI climate
existed for the LGM and PLIO climates in the form of widespread cooling and
reduced precipitation in the LGM and warming and enhanced precipitation
during the PLIO. The LGM climate shows the largest deviation in annual
precipitation from the PI climate and shows enhanced precipitation in the
temperate Andes and coastal regions for both SE Alaska and the US Pacific
Northwest. Furthermore, LGM precipitation is reduced in the western Himalayas
and enhanced in the eastern Himalayas, resulting in a shift of the wettest
regional climates eastward along the orogen. The cluster-analysis results
also suggest more climatic variability across latitudes east of the Andes in
the PLIO climate than in other time slice experiments conducted here. Taken
together, these results highlight significant changes in late Cenozoic
regional climatology over the last ∼ 3 Myr. Comparison of
simulated climate with proxy-based reconstructions for the MH and LGM reveal
satisfactory to good performance of the model in reproducing precipitation
changes, although in some cases discrepancies between neighbouring proxy
observations highlight contradictions between proxy observations themselves.
Finally, we document regions where the largest magnitudes of late Cenozoic
changes in precipitation and temperature occur and offer the highest
potential for future observational studies that quantify the impact of
climate change on denudation and weathering rates.
Potential of seasonal hydrological forecasting of monthly run-off
volumes for the Rhone and Arve Rivers from April to July
Authors: Etter Oriane , Jordan Frédéric , Schleiss Anton J.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In a context where water management is becoming increasingly important, reliable seasonal forecasting of discharge in rivers is crucial for making decisions several months in advance. This paper explores the potential of seasonal forecasting of run-off volumes produced by ensemble streamflow forecasting using past climatology and comparing it to the more commonly used average of past discharge measurements. The seasonal forecast was obtained for the Arve and Rhone rivers by simulation using the Routing System model for lead times of 30, 90 and 120 days. The initialization was performed on a validated simulation of 12 and 16 years for the Arve and Rhone rivers, respectively, obtained through long-term calibration. The performance was assessed by indicators called accuracy and thinness. The normalized mean average error (NMAE) was used to compare the performance of the seasonal forecast with the average of the past measurements. After a bias correction of the seasonal forecast of the Rhone River with the observed run-off volumes during the different lead times, the correlation of the median forecast with the measurements (accuracy) was larger than 0.55 for all lead times from April to July. The Arve River's accuracy was improved by disregarding the year 2007 member, leading to the floods of the 3rd and 9th of July, for lead times of 90 and 120 days. This resulting in the period of April to July having correlation accuracies higher than 0.5. For both rivers, the 80 % confidence interval of the seasonal forecast was relatively thin compared to the measurements (thinness) for the months of April to July. The NMAE was used to validate the range of validity of the forecast. The correction of the forecast resulted in more months being favorable for seasonal forecasting for the Rhone River. The post-processing on the Arve River decreased the difference between the measurement and the forecast (NMAE). Further investigation should concentrate on dividing the meteorological datasets to produce a strong median forecast and confidence interval
Nonlinear effects in 4D-Var
Authors: Bonavita Massimo , Lean Peter , Holm Elias
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The ability of a data assimilation system to deal effectively with nonlinearities arising from the prognostic model or the relationship between the control variables and the available observations has received a lot of attention in theoretical studies based on very simplified test models. Less work has been done to quantify the importance of nonlinearities in operational, state-of-the-art global data assimilation systems. In this paper we analyse the nonlinear effects present in ECMWF 4D-Var and evaluate the ability of the incremental formulation to solve the nonlinear assimilation problem in a realistic NWP environment. We find that nonlinearities have increased over the years due to a combination of increased model resolution and the ever-growing importance of observations that are nonlinearly related to the state. Incremental 4D-Var is well suited for dealing with these nonlinear effects, but at the cost of increasing the number of outer loop relinearisations. We then discuss strategies for accommodating the increasing number of sequential outer loops in the tight schedules of operational global NWP.
Experimental study of forced convection heat transport in porous media
Authors: Pastore Nicola , Cherubini Claudia , Rapti Dimitra , Giasi Concetta I.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The present study is aimed at extending this thematic issue through heat
transport experiments and their interpretation at laboratory scale. An
experimental study to evaluate the dynamics of forced convection heat
transfer in a thermally isolated column filled with porous medium has been
carried out. The behavior of two porous media with different grain sizes and
specific surfaces has been observed. The experimental data have been compared
with an analytical solution for one-dimensional heat transport for local
nonthermal equilibrium condition. The interpretation of the experimental data
shows that the heterogeneity of the porous medium affects heat transport
dynamics, causing a channeling effect which has consequences on thermal
dispersion phenomena and heat transfer between fluid and solid phases,
limiting the capacity to store or dissipate heat in the porous medium.
Estudo numérico da flambagem local na mesa em perfis de alma senoidal submetidos à compressão axial [Numerical study of the flange local buckling in sinusoidal web profiles under compressive strength]
Authors: Guimarães Alves Melina Guimarães , Carlos Rodrigues Francisco , Hallal Fakury Ricardo , Lydia Reis de Castro e Silva Ana
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho avaliou o desempenho relativo de perfis de alma senoidal quando comparados aos perfis de alma plana através do estudo numérico da flambagem local em mesas (FLM) de barras submetidas à compressão axial. Para a realização deste estudo foram discretizados dois modelos via Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF) com o emprego do programa ABAQUS®. A metodologia numérica baseou-se em realizar análise de carga crítica de flambagem local, mantendo-se fixo os valores de largura de mesas, espessura e altura de alma para cada perfil e alterar gradativamente a espessura das mesas, sendo possível atingir vários resultados de tensão crítica para cada esbeltez, definindo-se a curva tensão versus esbeltez da fase elástica. A partir dos resultados numéricos obtidos foi possível realizar a parametrização analítica com as prescrições da norma ABNT NBR 8800:2008 e fazer uma proposição de metodologia de cálculo para os parâmetros de esbeltez das mesas. Posteriormente, realizaram-se comparativos entre o desempenho dos perfis de alma senoidal e o dos perfis de alma plana. Os resultados numéricos mostraram que o desempenho de um perfil de alma senoidal pode ser até 8% mais eficiente que o dos perfis de alma plana, no que tange a possibilidade de colapso do perfil sem a ocorrência de FLM quando submetidos à compressão axial.

Abstract

This work evaluated the relative performance of sinusoidal web profiles through the numerical study of flange local buckling (FLB) for simple bars under compressive strength, when compared to flat web profiles. For this study, two models were discretized using the Finite Element Method (FEM) through the ABAQUS® program. The numerical methodology was based on Buckle analysis, maintaining the values of table width, web thickness and web height for each profile and gradually changing the thickness of the flanges, this way was possible to reach several results of critical tension for each slenderness, being defined the curve of the elastic phase. From the numerical results obtained it was possible to perform the analytical parameterization with the norm ABNT NBR8800:2008 and to make a proposition of calculation for the parameters of slenderness that limit each buckling modes of the flanges. Considering these results, comparisons were made between the performance of the sinusoidal web profiles and those from the flat web profiles. The numerical results showed that the performance of a sinusoidal web profile can be up to 8% more efficient than flat soul profiles, regarding the possibility of collapse of the structure without the occurrence of FLB when subjected under compressive strength.
Contribuições ao estudo de microestruturas reforçadas [Contributions to the Study of Reinforced Microstructures]
Authors: Viana Queiroz Andrade Paula , Júlio de Cerqueira Pituba José
Published: April 2018

Este artigo trata da análise da microestrutura de materiais compósitos com matriz metálica (CMM), os quais têm grande aplicabilidade na Engenharia Estrutural. Para isso, são considerados os processos dissipativos de plastificação, que ocorrem na matriz, e de descolamento, que ocorrem na região de interface matriz/inclusão, onde a influência de tais processos na resposta macroscópica do material será investigada. Para as simulações numéricas do comportamento estrutural de CMM, o modelo de von Mises é utilizado na modelagem da matriz e um modelo de fratura coesiva é utilizado na simulação do processo de descolamento na interface. A inclusão é considerada elástica com grande rigidez. Contudo, os processos dissipativos que ocorrem na microestrutura e que repercutem no comportamento macromecânico do material são analisados através de uma modelagem na microescala utilizando um processo de homogeneização baseado no conceito de Elemento de Volume Representativo (EVR) e no Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF). A tensão e deformação são médias volumétricas dos respectivos campos microscópicos sobre o EVR. O objetivo geral é verificar as potencialidades e limitações do emprego da modelagem proposta para futuros aperfeiçoamentos de compósitos de matriz metálica para aplicação na engenharia. Abstract This paper deals with the analysis of the microstructure of metal matrix composites (MMC) and its application in Structural Engineering. For this reason, it is considered the dissipative processes related to plasticity, which occurs in the matrix, and the phase debonding that occurs in the matrix/inclusion interface region, where the influence of such processes on the macroscopic response of the material will be investigated. For the numerical simulations of the MMC structural behavior, the von Mises model will be used in the modeling of the matrix and a cohesive fracture model will be used in the simulation of the phase debonding process. Inclusion will be considered elastic with high rigidity. However, the dissipative processes that occur in the microstructure and that affect the macromechanical behavior of the material will be analyzed through a microscale modeling using a homogenization process based on the concept of Representative Volume Element (RVE) and the Finite Element Method (FEM). The strain and stress are volumetric average of the respective microscopic fields on the EVR. The major goal is to verify the potentialities and limitations of the use of the proposed modeling for future improvements of metal matrix composites to apply in engineering.
Análise matemática para diagnóstico do grau de implementação da construção enxuta [Mathematical analysis for the diagnosis of the Lean Construction implementation stage]
Authors: Gondim do Amaral Tatiana , Guimarães Oka Letícia , Augusto Bouhid de Camargo Filho Carlos
Published: April 2018

A Lean Construction é uma filosofia que vem crescendo nos diversos meios de construção do Brasil e do mundo. Apesar de a maioria das empresas construtoras ainda estarem em processo inicial de implementação dessas práticas e ferramentas, é fundamental que sejam elaborados mecanismos eficazes na avaliação desse processo, como é o caso do Lean Construction Assessment Tool (LCAT). Esse método de avaliação é utilizado nesse trabalho para avaliar o grau de implementação enxuta em seis empresas construtoras em Goiânia. A partir dos dados obtidos, foi realizado o cálculo do grau de implementação Lean utilizando médias aritméticas, médias ponderadas por especialistas e médias baseadas no Sistema de Inferência Fuzzy. O trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar os resultados advindos do diagnóstico Lean da aplicação da ferramenta, avaliando as potencialidades de cada média utilizada. Busca-se ainda avaliar o processo de gestão da produção das empresas pesquisadas, destacando falhas no sistema e como esse poderia ser melhorado. As médias obtidas apresentaram pequenas variações, como rapidez de obtenção, interferência de outras variáveis no processo e análise de especialistas, sendo possível concluir sobre as diferentes potencialidades no emprego de cada uma. A partir desse estudo foi possível estabelecer um diagnóstico a partir da interação entre meio acadêmica e ambiente profissional.

Abstract

The Lean Construction is a filosofy which is growing in the diverse communication’s means in Brazil and around the world. Although most of the construction companies are in the initial stage of these practices and tools implementation, the development of efficient mechanisms to evaluate this process is vital, such as the Lean Construction Assessment Tool (LCAT). This evaluation method is utilized in this research to evaluate the lean implementation stage in six construction companies in Goiânia. From the obtained data, the lean implementation stage was calculated using arithmetic averages, weighted averages and averages based in the Fuzzy Inference System. This work has as main goal to analyze the results from the Lean Diagnosis obtained using the tool and evaluate the potentialities that each average owns. It’s also a goal to evaluate the management process in the studied companies, highlighting failures in the system and how they can be improved. The averages obtained present small variations, such as speed of procurement, other variables interferences and the specialists’ analysis, being possible to conclude about different potentialities in each’s use. From this study, it was possible to establish a diagnosis based in the interaction between the academic and professional environment.
The Positioning of Mauritius as the Gateway to African Investments after the Review of the Mauritius- India Double Taxation Agreement
Authors: Ladkoo Adjnu Damar , Dhurmah Shweta Riddhimah
Published: April 2018

This paper investigates whether the re-negotiation of the Mauritius–India double taxation avoidance agreements will have an impact on the treaties between Mauritius and the African continent. The methodology explored the reasons for the re-negotiation and analysed impact of re-negotiation. The research findings showed that treaty shopping, loss of revenue, round tripping or abuse by Indians, controversy around the residency status or the meaning of permanent establishment, money laundering control in India, improved regulatory framework for attracting investments directly and too much Foreign Direct investment from Mauritius into the Indian economy were the main reasons for re-negotiation of the treaty.
Nuestro Teatro Clásico Sin Fronteras:PostmodernComediaPerformance and the Globalization of Cultural Patrimony
Authors: Bayliss Robert
Published: April 2018

Although comedia performance in Spain is inherently tied to notions of cultural patrimony (and thus implicitly tied to notions of an authentic Spanish classical culture), this article highlights the many ways in which such claims to cultural autochthony rub against the realities of today’s globalized theatrical landscape. This tension involves the long history of nationalistic uses of the comedia dating back to the tradition’s early modern origins as well as the mid-twentieth-century ontological shift generally associated with postmodernism, especially in terms of the privilege given to recycling and simulacra. As globalization accelerated and Spain transitioned to democracy, the use of comedia performance to rearticulate Spanish identity (as practiced by the Compañía Nacional de Teatro Clásico and the Festival de Almagro) demonstrates, through its ever-increasing linkages to foreign cultures, just how elusive any fixed notion of “Hispanidad” is. This article argues for the mutually illuminating dialogue occurring in current comedia performance studies between studies dedicated to the intercultural exchanges inherent in productions outside of Spain and studies dedicated to the nationalistic implications of performing the comedia in Spain as a form of cultural patrimony.