bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heating using microwave technique: An approach towards green chemistry
Authors: Tapan Kumar Mahato  , Ravi Janakkumar Bhatt  , Vikash Agnihotri  , Shruti Saraf
Published: October 2022

Green chemistry focuses on minimizing waste, minimizing use of chemicals/reagents, reducing pollution and preservation of human health and environment. Using conventional methods of synthesis are creating the said problems in present scenario. To solve these problems new alternate methods must be developed. Many alternatives have been already developed but many more have to do. Use of microwave radiations are one the alternative in which these radiations are used for heating purpose instead of conventional heating methods which uses solvents in large amount and requires much time. Lot of benefits are there in heating using microwave radiations over conventional methods of heating but have limitations too. Not for every reaction/synthesis, but microwaves can be only used for the reactant having specific properties. Single mode and multi-mode microwave ovens are usually used for achieving this purpose. Heating by microwave radiations not only saves time i.e. it converts hours to minutes because it accelerates the reaction, increases the yield, reduces the energy requirement and the most important thing is no or minimum pollution/waste. Health hazards are also been noticed in using these radiations both external and internal. This short communication was aimed to find out the necessity of alternative methods of synthesis that fulfils the concept of green chemistry which will fulfill the need of healthy life and environment.
Ocorrência de parabenos nas águas de uma micro bacia hidrográfica na cidade de Itajaí (Santa Catarina, Brasil)
Authors: Wolf Mônica , Alves Thiago , Piovezan Marcel
Published: October 2022

Contexto: Parabenos são compostos químicos utilizados como conservantes, principalmente em produtos como cosméticos, fármacos e alimentos. Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas a presença e concentração de quatro tipos de parabenos e de parâmetros físico-químicos nas águas do rio Itajaí-Mirim, na cidade de Itajaí. Método: Seis campanhas de coletas de amostras foram realizadas, entre maio a novembro de 2019, em três pontos específicos, além de amostras de água de abastecimento público. As amostras foram submetidas ao método de microextração líquido-líquido (LLME) e análise por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detector de arranjo de diodos (HPLC-DAD). Metilparabeno foi detectado em 100% das amostras, comprovando sua presença constante no ambiente. As concentrações variaram de 9,5 μg L-1 a 1.167,6 μg L-1. Os demais três tipos de parabenos apresentaram concentrações 10 vezes inferior quando comparado com metilparabeno. Resultados: A presença de parabenos em água de abastecimento público demonstra que o tratamento convencional não remove este contaminante da água. Verificou-se que não há influência da pluviosidade sobre a presença e concentração de parabenos no rio. Os resultados indicam que há influência antrópica sobre o rio Itajaí-Mirim, com possível descarte de efluentes urbanos em suas águas. A presença de parabenos em recursos hídricos pode promover efeitos negativos na saúde da população. Recomenda-se, portanto, o aperfeiçoamento das técnicas de tratamento das águas de abastecimento e dos efluentes, tornando-as mais eficazes na remoção de parabenos.
Pembrolizumab leading to complete resolution of non-small cell lung cancer and microsatellite instability stable colon adenocarcinoma; two birds one stone
Authors: Bhakta Pooja , Salazar Leonardo , Youssef Ayman , C Kendrick Jamie , Patel Nekita , Willis Maurice , Muthukumarana Palawinnage , He Jing , W Tripple Julia
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Staging of non-small cell lung cancer is crucial in predicting patient prognosis and more importantly, determining cancer management. In patients without driver mutations, PD-L1 tumor proportion score evaluation becomes vital in dictating treatment, as immunotherapy can be recommended. These agents have been shown to lead to excellent outcomes, even in patients with late-stage disease.

Case Report: A 69-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presented with worsening dyspnea found to have lung collapse from a large hilar soft tissue mass causing obstruction of the left mainstem bronchus. After malignancy workup, the patient was diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer clinically staged as IIIB. An incidental finding of microsatellite instability colon cancer was also found during workup. Pembrolizumab treatment was initiated and led to near resolution of both tumors.

Conclusion: Stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer has an overall poor prognosis. Biomarker testing in our case prior to starting concurrent chemoradiation revealed the malignancy to have a 100% tumor proportion score for PD-L1, the fundamental reason why our patient’s treatment was successful. Based on our findings, we advocate for all patients with non-small cell lung cancer regardless of stage to undergo biomarker testing prior to therapy initiation. Furthermore, the resolution of PD-L1 negative microsatellite instability stable colon cancer after pembrolizumab therapy supports further investigation of the utility and mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1-based therapy in PD-L1 negative colon cancer.
East Java Province GRDP Projection Model Using Night-Time Light Imagery
Authors: Afrianto Firman
Published: October 2022

Economic growth, regional development, and human activities are some of the things that are very strongly related and influence each other. Approaches to forecasting the growth of the three are mostly carried out using both conventional and non-conventional data. Utilization of Nighttime Light Imagery satellite imagery is included in a non-conventional approach to forecasting Gross Regional Domestic Product. This study applies the use of satellite imagery to predict the regional development of East Java Province, to find patterns of agglomeration and the formation of clusters of economic development in the future.
Pandemic Vulnerability Mapping in East Java and Its Connection to Local Economic Resistance
Authors: Zulkarnain Rizky , Ramadani Karuniawati Dewi
Published: October 2022

The objectives of this study are to measuring and to mapping pandemic vulnerability in East Java as well as to examine the association between pandemic vulnerability and local economic resistance. To achieve the objectives, this study employs several techniques: descriptive analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and analysis of variance. The data were acquired from various sources, that cover health, social, economic, and environmental conditions. The results showed that there were seven most vulnerable districts in East Java. They were Kota Surabaya, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Kabupaten Gresik, Kota Kediri, Kota Malang, Kota Mojokerto and Kota Madiun. The core pandemic indicators were population mobility, the number of COVID-19 cases and its mortality, population density, air pollution, the prevalence of diabetes, and the share of secondary and tertiary sectors. Furthermore, this study found that there were negative association between pandemic vulnerability and local economic resistance in East Java.
Socio-Economic Determinants of Credit Access in Micro Enterprises Household of East Java During New Normal Era
Authors: Natalia Christiayu , Putranto FX Gugus Febri
Published: October 2022

The lack of micro-enterprises household in East Java that access business credit can affect the integration of MSMEs in the Global Value Chain (GVC) and exports acceleration in new normal era. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic determinants of microenterprise household credit access in East Java, and specific to each Bakorwil. Multinomial logistic regression analysis on the Susenas March 2021 and Potensi Desa 2021 found that there were differences in socio-economic characteristics in each Bakorwil. Important issues in accessing KUR/KUBE/KUB are poverty status, social protection programs, entrepreneur status, and internet use. Regional-based policies can be applied for business development and encourage integration into GVC by considering the socio-economic characteristics of each Bakorwil
Digital Transformation of Informal Workers in the New Normal Era: “Can It Be the Solution We Are Searching For?”
Authors: Adi Rakhmawan Suryo
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has proven to accelerate digitalisation transformation in Indonesia. Various economic activities have involved digital media, the internet, and information technology to support productivity, including informal workers who make up the majority of workers in East Java. This research can provide an initial picture of digital transformation and its impact on informal workers in the new normal through the National Labor Force Survey Data from 2019 to 2022, complemented by other data. Using binary logistic regression analysis, all independent variables in the form of digitalisation, social security, productive age, and risk of exposure to COVID-19 proved to have a significant effect on the welfare of informal workers in the new normal. Furthermore, with the focus of the analysis on digitisation, this study shows that digitalisation can significantly catalyse the formalisation of the informal workforce. The formalisation will reduce the vulnerability of informal workers so that microeconomic activity can be accelerated, which impacts the macroeconomy and society in East Java. This study can also describe the specific segmentation of regencies/cities in East Java regarding the readiness for digitalisation transformation as measured by analysis of variable factors related to the demand and supply sides of digital transformation. Both sides were then carried out a cluster analysis of the Regency/City area in East Java.
Developing a Comprehensive Public Policy Strategy for The Tourism Sector: Welcome to The Post-Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kartiko Nafis Dwi
Published: October 2022

This study analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism sector. Policy research is chosen to formulate appropriate policies for the government. Quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods carried out the analysis. Descriptive analysis is used by looking at various existing policies and the impact of these policies on the tourism sector. At the same time, the quantitative method is used to see the determinant factors that affect the tourism sector. Qualitative methods allow researchers to explore several possibilities broadly in analyzing the subject matter. The data used is sourced from the Central Statistics Agency and the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. The researcher concludes that there should be adjustments to existing policies to support the acceleration of recovery in the tourism sector. The government can consider the determinants that affect the number of tourists to support the policies that will be formulated.
Regional Income Convergence Analysis in East Java: Does Investment Matter?
Authors: Mohammad Ichsan Verianto  , Rosa Diwanegara
Published: October 2022

The convergence hypothesis in the Neo-Classical growth approach says that a region or country with a low per capita income will experience faster catch-up growth than a richer country. However, the theory of endogenous growth, as well as New Economic Geography (NEG), states that divergence occurs. The contradictions among those theories become the basis of this research. This study uses a case study of East Java because it has a relatively large share of PDRB to GDP, but still has a relatively high inequality. This study aims to examine the effect of government investment on the convergence of economic growth in East Java. This study uses per capita Gross Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) and Gross Fixed Capital Formation (PMTB) accessed from the annual report of the Central Bureau of Statistics in each city in East Java during the period 2010 to 2021. The results of the study show that -convergence and -convergence both have a divergence process. This study provides policy recommendations in the form of concentrating investment in new central areas as the formation of centers of economic growth, such as Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in the southern region of East Java.
The Impact of Digitalization to Accelerate Economic Performance During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alif Ihsan A Fahta  , Anggita Fiorella Moreni  , Adzrani Anggita
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various lines of life, especially the economy, not only in Indonesia in general but also in East Java Province in particular. The pandemic conditions limit human physical activity and make the use of digital technology increasingly massive. Using digital competitiveness data (EV-DCI), as well as other digitization indicators obtained from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), this study attempts to investigate the impact of digitization at the district/city level in East Java Province and at the provincial level in Indonesia on regional economic performance indicated with an increase in GDP per capita. From the OLS method used, it was found that increasing the use of internet access at the city/district level in East Java Province can significantly increase GRDP per capita. Furthermore, the researcher also uses the 2SLS method in analyzing the impact of digital competitiveness on improving economic performance at the provincial level. Similar results were found where increasing digital competitiveness can significantly improve economic performance. Through qualitative analysis, this study suggests relevant policymakers, especially in the East Java Province, encourage digitization, one of which is through the adoption of e-commerce by MSMEs.
The Malay Dilemma Again: Bumiputra and Malaysian Paradox and Its Effects on Domestic Politics Today
Authors: ÖYMEZ Muhammed Murat
Published: October 2022

With its multi-ethnic and multi-religious structure, Malaysia has an interesting position among countries with a high Muslim population. Despite its demographic and geographical disadvantages, it is a country that can play a leading role with its strong industrial development and economic structure, technological development and solutions to Islamic issues (such as Islamic banking, halal certificate). In this article, Malaysia, which is dealing with domestic issues created by its multi-ethnic and multi-religious structure, is analyzed with the identity and privileges of Malay ethnic origin citizens and its effects on current politics.
Comparative evaluation of caudal block administration of ropivacaine, levobupivacaine and bupivacaine in pediatric patients undergoing lower- abdominal surgeries
Authors: Cyriac Melvin , Arjun P. S. , Subbaiah Ganesh P. , Ganesh Vinutha
Published: October 2022

Aim: The purpose of the present research was to assess and compare the efficacy of Ropivacaine, Levobupivacaine and Bupivacaine in paediatric patients as an anaesthetic in caudal block undergoing various lower abdominal surgeries. Methodology: This was a prospective randomized controlled study including 50 consecutive patients in the age group of 1‑10 years, who underwent urogenital surgeries under general anesthesia. Study was performed at Dr. Moopen's Medical College, Wayanad, Kerala. India and duration was from January 2022 to September 2022. Caudal block was given with either bupivacaine (0.25%) 1 ml/kg (Group I) or ropivacaine (0.25%) 1 ml/kg (Group II) or levobupivacaine 0.25% 1 mL /kg (Group III). Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded as a baseline, before the anesthesia induction and then at 30, 60 and 90 min after incision. Pain scores were assessed post‑operatively by a single observer at 30 min and then at 2, 4, 8 and 12 hour with a 5‑point observer pain score (OPS). Patients and observer were blinded to the medication given. The duration of absolute analgesia was defined as the time from caudal injection until the pain score was >2. Motor block was assessed by modified Bromage scale.
Knowledge attitude and practices of mothers related to the oral health status of their pre-school children in the Jazan city of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Dubey Alok , Humadi Tariq Ahmed , Alrefaei Ahmed Mohammed , Thurwi Mohammed Abdu , Wasli Khalid Mustafa , Mujoo Sheetal
Published: October 2022

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers in relation of maintenance of oral health status of their pre-school children. Methodology: Survey was conducted in the form of questionnaire between November 2021 to February 2022 with mothers. First part of questionnaire contained a set of questions for collection demographic data of participants and second part contained a set of questions to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of participants related to the oral health status of their pre-school children. Descriptive statistics, frequency distribution tests, and chi- squared analysis were employed. Confidence was kept at 95% and p value≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Around 66 mothers felt that milk teeth were also essential for chewing food properly and around 71 of total participants released the importance of milk teeth in totality. Regular dental visits were also strongly agreed by around 60 mothers.101 mothers gave their children sugary food items between meals and 53 mothers usually take their children to dentist whenever the child complains of tooth pain (6.45±2.70).  Conclusion: The results show that the knowledge of mothers regarding oral health status of their little ones was adequate.
Knowledge of osteoporosis among females attending primary health care centers in Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Ammar Hussein , Karem Falah Hasan , Saleh May Fawzi
Published: October 2022

Osteoporosis is among the common diseases affecting bones, it is usually consider as the commonest one. Poor knowledge about its precipitating factors and the means for prevention will result in increasing the burden of the disease in the community; for this reason, the prevalence of osteoporosis in the world will increase. Methodology: Across-sectional study on 203 women attended Primary Health Care Centers in Al Dora District was conducted for the period from the first of March to end of May 2021, in order to determine their knowledge toward osteoporosis causes, complications and prevention. Statistical analysis .The row data were coded and analyzed by SPSS (version 23) software package then tabulated. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the basic features of the data in this study. Results: The all participants were females aged between 40 and 71 years (Mean ±SD 56.40 ±7.77). The majority of them were married (93.1%). Regarding employment status, 155 of them (76.4%) were housewife and the rest were employed. More than half of the participant’s (108 ,53.2%) had educated level of primary school, were 46 (22.7%) had intermediate school and 44(21.7%) of the with secondary school graduation, the rest were illiterate(5 ,2.5%).
Assessing the impact of foundation course among medical students affecting their outlook, responsibilities and attitude towards the medical profession
Authors: Shashikala N. , Gireesh Gireesh , Pare Vidyashambhava , Nagashree M. V.
Published: October 2022

Background: The medical education programme apart from imparting knowledge has prepare the medical graduate to appraise oneself with the evolving new evidences  for appropriate care of the patient considering  the health care needs of the patient population, focusing on assessing the performance (outcomes), learner’s continuous quality improvement and making it learner driven. The universities across the world are developing and implementing orientation programmes to further strengthen medical education. Objective: To evaluate the student’s perception towards the contents of the foundation course as well as its relevance in their day to day academic activities. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among all the students of our institute. The feedback data for the foundation course was collected from the first years after six months along with the students across the years in medical school, as they had undergone only one day orientation programme.  Results:  About 457 students participated in the study of which 94 belonged to the first MBBS. About 90% of the students agreed with concept of the foundation course and about 85% of senior students felt the need for the same.
Study of normal anatomy and variations in gall bladder
Authors: Nagashree M. V. , Chandragirish S. , Raghavendra D. R. , Chandrakala S. P. , Pare Vidya Shambhava
Published: October 2022

Background: The extra hepatic biliary apparatus consists of right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, gall bladder, cystic duct and common bile duct which collects and delivers the bile from liver to second part of duodenum. Anatomical variations of biliary tree occur with sufficient frequency to be of concern to the surgeons operating in this area. Identification of anatomical details is necessary for accurate detailing of biliary tree to avoid inadvertent damage to biliary ductal system. Objective: To study the normal anatomy and variations of gall bladder by dissection method. Methods: In the present study a total number of 50 adult human livers with lesser Omentum, duodenum and pancreas were collected from the dissected cadavers from the department of anatomy KVG Medical College Sullia and Chamarajanagar institute of medical sciences, Chamarajanagar. The various parameters of the gall bladder and biliary ductal system were recorded and photographed. Observations and results: The following variations were observed in the present study. Hartmann’s pouch was observed in 42% (21/50).  Hourglass GB was observed in 2% (1/50).  Folded fundus was observed in 2% (1/50). Intrahepatic GB was observed in 4%.
Impact of self-stretching techniques on piriformis muscles tightness in supine vs sitting position
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Chauhan Neha
Published: October 2022

Background and Purpose: Piriformis muscle is the deep gluteus muscle present at the posterior side of the hip joint. Its main function is external rotation of hip joint. Tightness of piriformis muscle is common these days due to sedentary life style. Due to tightness of piriformis muscle, the mobility of external rotation in hip joint also gets altered. The aim of this research is to compare the effect of self-stretching in supine vs sitting position on piriformis muscle in random young adults. Methodology: A sample size of 40 (n=40) random young adults were taken and divided into two groups (n1=20) (n2=20) of 20 each. The first group was asked to do self-stretching in supine position and second group was asked to do self-stretching in sitting position for 30 sec/stretch 10 times/session 2 times in a day. This intervention was given for a week. The outcome measures include piriformis muscle tightness test and goniometer measurement. Result: The result showed significant improvement in tightened piriformis muscle in self-stretching in supine and sitting group. Conclusion: The self-stretching in sitting group showed more improvement on piriformis muscle tightness than self-stretching in supine position.
CMC determination and thermodynamic changes of the mixture of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (mefenamic acid) with anionic surfactant (SDS), and cationic surfactant (CTAB) in aqueous solution
Authors: Abdulkareem Warqaa Abduljamal , Yahya Noha Mohammed
Published: October 2022

Surface tension was measured using a platinum plate of the tensiometer for aqueous solutions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as mefenamic acid in concentrations of (10-3,10-2,10-10 M) to study the effect of adding surfactants on the drug solubility, which are anionic surfactant    such as   sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cationic surfactant such as   cetyltriamonium bromide (CTAB) concentrations within range (1x10 -3 -1x10 -1 M). The effect of temperature at (313,303,293,283 K) on these aqueous solutions with Mefenamic acid has also been studied. From the plot of the concentration of aqueous solutions of surfactants with drug versus surface tension (ɣ) were obtained the critical micelle concentration (CMC). As well, the values of the Gibbs surface excess concentration (Γmax), minimum area occupied per molecule (Amin.), surface pressure at CMC (Πcmc) were determined on basis of the standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption (ΔG°ads) and the thermodynamic constants (ΔHm, ΔSm, ΔGm, ΔGads) were found at CMC for aqueous solutions.
Port terminal safety: A conceptual paper on factors that affects occupational stress risk assessment in container terminal
Authors: Alias Ayuni Nabilah , Yaakub Norwahida , Baharuddin Mohd Rafee , Noor Mohd Azhar Mohd
Published: October 2022

A part of the supply chain that is very important to Malaysia is the port sector. A high-risk work environment is leading to a rise in occupational stress among port terminal workers. It is necessary for an organisation to correctly diagnose the aspects of the working lifestyle conditions that are perceived as risks by workers and to investigate the consequences of these risks in order for the organisation to be successful in the prevention of occupational stress problems. The aim of this conceptual paper is to investigate the factors that influence the safety practitioner's perception of safety and health risk assessment at port terminal. Data on safety and health that were collected in the past were analysed. Misunderstanding over the definition of a hazard and how to interpret a risk assessment matrix were both factors. This paper will scrutinize those factors and accomplish suggestions for how research should be done in Malaysia in the future.
Effectiveness of armrest prototype on muscle activity among male motorcyclists
Authors: Alias Ayuni Nabilah , Karuppiah Karmegam
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Motorcycle is one of the main transports in Malaysia that has been used for decades either for daily life activities or for working. Motorcyclist is the most important element when issues that are related to motorcycle. Therefore, this study will be able to provide evidence to reduce level electromygraphy (muscle activity) with the intervention of armrest prototype which indirectly reduce riding discomfort during prolonged riding process.Method: In 2 different sessions (with and without armrest), 102 respondents were instructed to ride a motorcycle for 2 hours in a laboratory with riding simulator system. The video screen presented by projector a view as motorcyclist in road scenery with computer generated video simulating daytime riding condition.  Besides that, Electromyography (EMG) signals were used to assess recorded muscle activity for the right and left arm with the surface of electrode attached. Results: Muscle activity of respondents showed that there are reductions of electromyography levels for both right and left arm’s muscles. There is a positive effect of exertion changes (%) on the flexor carpum radialis (right=24.54%, left=23.98%) and flexor carpum ulnaris (right=8.18%, left=10.62%)  muscles of both arms with usage of prototype.
Effects of armrest prototype on comfort among motorcyclists during prolonged riding process
Authors: Alias Ayuni Nabilah , Karuppiah Karmegam
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Motorcycles had grown to be one of the most common ways of mobility among Malaysians. However, motorcyclist struggles with discomfort of their arm during prolonged riding as arm support feature is usually absent in common motorcycles.  Therefore, the main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of implementing armrest prototype in terms of discomfort level among motorcyclist during prolonged riding process. Method: A total number of 102 respondents were seated on a motorcycle in two distinct sessions; a session on a motorcycle with armrest and the other session on a motorcycle without armrest. Each respondent was required to attend two separate experimental sessions. Each session had lasted for 2 hours. During the 2-hour session, a riding simulator system was displayed, and respondents were asked to control the handlebar of motorcycle as in real road. Respondents were required to rate their level of discomfort for each body part on the Borg’s CR-10 scale in every 15 minutes. Results: During the testing period, the experimental group’s discomfort rating was lower than that of the control group.
Human osteoblast and osteoclast stem cell differentiation: A systematic review of biochemical analysis
Authors: Abidin Intan Zarina Zainol , Kumar Yashvin , Ariffin Zaidah Zainal , Ariffin Shahrul Hisham Zainal
Published: October 2022

Stem cells are being better understood in today’s research pace of cell biology research and its applications in bone regenerative medicine. However, a vast variety of techniques are available to analyse the differentiation of human osteoblasts and osteoclasts from stem cells. Hence, this review aims to identify and evaluate the biochemical approaches in analysing osteoblast and osteoclast stem cell differentiation using human stem cells. The method used in this study is a systematic review. Four articles were selected from PubMed and Web of Science (WOS) databases based on specific inclusion criteria and following PRISMA guidelines. One main approach was used as the focus point of the review, namely the biochemical (protein and enzyme activity in the cell) approach.  This review summarises the findings of all relevant stem cell studies using a biochemical approach in understanding osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. The results show trends in the usage of biochemical approaches to analyse osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation; the most used techniques for quantitative biochemical analyses are ALP and TRAP assays respectively.
Systematic review on factors of mortality among dengue patients in Malaysia
Authors: Norzali Mohd Nazhan Syahiran , Taridi Nur Syazwina , Izzudin Raja Farah Nurfarzana Raja , Yazid Nur Amirah Zulaikha Mohd , Manan Norhafizah Ab
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Malaysia has a high concentration of dengue cases. Even though the case fatality rate is low among dengue patients, identification of the risk factors of dengue mortality helps in the management of these patients. Findings from previous studies were inconclusive, thus, we systematically review studies to identify the factors of mortality among dengue patients in Malaysia. Methods: Three main search engines such as PubMed, ScienceDirect and EBSCO were used to screen the articles. This systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines. Results: The initial search yielded a total of 523 articles to be reviewed. However, after screening,  four articles were left with all of them being quantitative studies. From the four studies accepted, thirty-six factors were identified. The factors include age, gender, nausea, vomiting, bleeding, lethargy, body ache, abdominal pain, retro-orbital pain, dysuria, shock, pleural effusion, ascites, prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT), Haematocrit (HCT)>20%, Serum pH <7.35, Serum ferritin >10,000 ni/mL, serum creatinine, serum lactate >2, white blood cell (WBC) count, insulin dependant diabetes, ischemic cardiovascular disease and progressive renal disease. Conclusions: To conclude, age and bleeding were found as the most important health risk for Dengue patients and poses a great liability towards mortality among patients infected with dengue in Malaysia.
A cross-sectional study on the prevalence of haemorrhoids among lorry drivers in Klang valley, Malaysia
Authors: Farid Muhammad Irfan Najwan Ahmad , Azhar Ameera Nadhirah Hairol , Iskandar Husna Rushan , Abdiweli Halima , Selamat Hairel Anuar
Published: October 2022

Background: Haemorrhoid is often considered as one of the effects of prolonged sitting especially on a surface with high temperature which mainly occur among lorry drivers who are often exposed to this condition due to the engine located relatively under the driver’s seat. This study aims to assess the prevalence of haemorrhoids among lorry drivers in Klang Valley, Malaysia. A cross sectional study was done by using consecutive sampling. Respondents that fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria were interviewed with validated questionnaires and data were analyzed using SPSS.  Materials and Methods: A​ cross-sectional study was conducted in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study was focused on the companies, shops with lorry drivers and lorries that had stop at the rest and services area along the highway in Klang Valley. The method of sampling used was a consecutive sampling with sample size of 70 respondents. All Malaysians who are currently working as a lorry driver regardless of type of company were selected as respondents. Data was collected through an assisted face to face interview and spread google form using a questionnaire from Truck Driver Behaviour and Perceptions Study (1991) by Accident Research Centre of MONASH University.
A cross sectional study on the cross contamination through white coats
Authors: Isa Muhamad Alif M , Vanan Jaya Shelan M , Zakaria Siti Nursofiani , Tarmidi Syafiqah Umairah A , Fall Abdoul Aziz
Published: October 2022

White coats are known to be potential transmitting agents of microorganisms including multi-drugs resistant organisms. Most studies that advocate this viewpoint analyzed cross sectional based on results taken from the white coats in the hospitals. Far less is known about the acknowledgement of the community regarding this issue and the effect on their thoughts of handling it. This study is conducted mainly to find out the public’s awareness on the cross contamination through  white coats. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the association between the sociodemographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, education levels etc.) with the awareness status regarding cross contamination of the white coats among public respondents. Other than that, this study helps in determining the best way to reduce cross contamination through white coats. This information may be useful to Public Health Malaysia.
Consumers perception and preference towards ayurvedic medicines post covid-19 in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Elango S. , Suryakumar M. , Velmurugan J. Senthil , Rajkamal S. V.
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 pandemic has ended in massive loss of valuable human lives and their family members. It caused destruction of livelihoods as well as financial crisis of unpredicted and unexpected levels across the globe. Indian Government in association with Ministry of Ayush has formulated many strategies and preventive measures to handle the situation of COVID-19. These strategies and implementation has helped the people to overcome the early stages of infection caused by Corona virus. Thus the researcher intends to analyze the perception and preference towards Ayurvedic medicines after COVID-19 among the general public in Tamil Nadu. The researcher also aimed to find out the preference given by the respondents towards Ayurvedic Medicines frequently taken by them for treating different types of illness. The study was carried among the public throughout Tamil Nadu. Convenience sampling method was used to draw the samples from the study area. The sample size was 390 respondents. Research model was framed with the variables perception, usage, preference and satisfaction. Four hypotheses were framed for this research. Primary data was collected through Well-structured questionnaire. Variables such as perception, usage, preference and satisfaction were used in the questionnaire.
Mlo and CC view of feature fusion and mammogram classification using deep convolution neural network
Authors: Sridevi V. , Samath J. Abdul
Published: October 2022

Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in women all over the world. The improvement of computer aided system help the radiologist for the effective analysis and diagnosis of breast cancer. It presents a computational methodology for classifying breast cancer as normal, benign and malignant from CC and MLO views of mammogram image. The proposed strategy consists of feature extraction, multiple view feature fusion and classification. The input images are fed into feature extraction where convolution neural network is applied. The CNN is nicely suitable for both feature extraction, feature fusion and mammogram classification. In this framework, convolution layer, pooling and activation function are used as a feature extraction techniques. After the process of feature extraction, feature fusion is employed by average pooling of CNN. The feature fusion will increase or maximize the relevant information of the breast image. Finally obtained features from the fusion are fed into CNN classifier in which softmax and fully connected layer are employed as a classifier techniques. The proposed work achieves 98.4% of accuracy to classify the breast cancer from MLO and CC views using hybrid feature with CNN classifier.
Efficacy of low dose intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion on emergence agitation and quality of recovery after nasal surgery
Authors: Sita M , Sunil B.V , Bhat Sonal
Published: October 2022

Background: Sevoflurane in Nasal Surgeries has a slightly higher incidence of emergence. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of Dexmedetomidine over Emergence from General Anaesthesia (GA) in Nasal Surgeries. Method: It is an observational study with 120 participants aged between 18 and 60 years belonging to ASA class 1 and 2, undergoing elective Nasal Surgeries under General Anaesthesia (GA). Partcipants were grouped into 2 groups with one group receiving low dose of Dexmedetomidine infusion and the other saline infusion. RICKER score was observed post extubation. Data was analysed using Fishers test. p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The RICKER score was better with Dexmedetomidine, with p value of 0.003, which was highly significant.  Conclusion: Emergence from General Anaesthesia (GA) is smoother with Dexmedetomidine in Nasal Surgeries.
Molecular detection of adenovirus among patients with common cold symptoms in Fallujah by real time PCR
Authors: Mohammed Huda Fawaz , Hamad Mohammed Abdullah
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The confirmation of adenovirus infection using Real time PCR (qPCR) afford a greater accuracy, with a specific, sensitive, quantitative technique as well as time consuming. Adenovirus infections can be detected using a variety of techniques, although the most accurate ones are molecular ones. Method: This study includes 90 patient who suffering from  respiratory symptoms (common colds) and/or diarrhea with high temperature, their ages range from newborn to elderly, who are inpatients and outpatients resident in Fallujah Maternity and Children's Hospital and teaching hospital in Fallujah / Anbar governorate, from 1st November 2021 to 1st May 2022. All samples subjected to Adenovirus identification using Real Time PCR Test. Results: Out of total 90 blood sample there were 12(13.3%), 78(86.7%) Negative and positive results respectively, from Real Time PCR results.
Antenatal screening for hemoglobinopathies with HPLC and their fetomaternal outcome
Authors: Priyadarsini Bandita , Mohapatra Kirtirekha , Naik Madhushree , Behuria Sasmita
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Hemoglobinopathies are diverse group of inherited disorders of hemoglobin production and function. They represent the most common single-gene disorders that are found in humans and are distributed in various frequencies throughout the world. Pregnancy in women with sickle cell disease can increase the risk of maternal and perinatal mortality. HPLC offers the advantages over the routine Hemoglobin electrophoresis as it can more accurately identify and quantitate abnormal hemoglobin. HPLC forms an accurate, rapid and reproducible tool for early detection and management of thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobin variants.   Material and Methods: This is an observational study was undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Department of Hematology of S.C.B Medical College, Cuttack. During this period those pregnant women, who attended gynaecology OPD of SCB medical college, Cuttack were investigated during various months of gestations. All pregnant women were counselled and offered screening for hemoglobinopathies after informed and written consent. Results: Among the antenatal women with hemoglobinopathy, 90.91% were anemic, 09.09% were not anemic. Among the normal group 71.06% were anemic, 28.94% were not anemic. So, there was more prevalence of anaemia among hemoglobinopathy than normal subjects which was statistically significant. (p=0.004).
Phytochemical evaluation of the marketed drakshasava formulation by spectroscopic & chromatographic methods
Authors: Nigade Ganesh B. , Deodhar Meenakshi N. , Chavan Rajashree S.
Published: October 2022

Background: Drakshasava is a general health tonic, carminative and blood purifier. It is used in the treatment of anemia, digestive & cardiac disorders. A review of the literature suggested that modern analytical methods are not reported for the phytochemical evaluation of drakshasava. Objective: To report phytochemical evaluation of Drakshasava Formulation by Spectroscopic & Chromatographic Methods. Materials and methods: Total phenolic, flavonoid, sugar and reducing sugar content in marketed drakshasava formulations were estimated by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The markers and extract of drakshasava formulations I & II were scanned by FTIR spectrophotometer individually to find the common bands of the vibrational spectra of markers and formulations. The markers and extract of drakshasava formulations I & II were subjected to HPLC analysis. Results: UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis revealed that total phenolic, flavonoid, total sugar, & total reducing sugar of marketed drakshasava formulations were within the limit of ayurvedic pharmacopeia. The gradient mobile phase solvent A (HPLC grade water containing 0.85% w/v ortho phosphoric acid) and solvent B (acetonitrile) were optimized by considering the resolution, peak shape, and symmetry. Conclusion: The evaluation parameters reported in this article could be used as a standard reference for quality management of marketed drakshasava formulations.
Nanocomposite based drug delivery for periodontal disease
Authors: Kumbhar Amol B. , Chaudhari Pravin D. , Karimunnisa Shaikh
Published: October 2022

Periodontal disease is the term used to describe some pathological conditions characterized by degeneration and inflammation of gums, periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and dental cementum. Periodontal disease involves destruction of alveolar bone around the teeth leading to defects or rather loss of the tooth if left untreated. This condition is caused by a chronic, mixed infection of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate is an antiseptic, antifungal and bactericidal agent. CHX inhibits plaque formation by binding to anionic salivary glycoproteins and bacteria. Nano Hydroxyapatite (nHAP) is calcium phosphate in morphology and composition like the human hard tissues. Delivery of medications directly into the periodontal pockets alters the inflammatory response and reduces the pathogenic microbiota, an aspect which has attracted great interes. Result: The CHX Nanocomposites were non-toxic to human cells and promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, and spreading. The CHX Nanocomposites were found to be satisfactory in all respects, and CHX encapsulated in nanocomposites may be attractive candidates for the treatment of periodontal disease.
Buccal drug delivery system
Authors: Dolas Ramdas T. , Kulkarni Abhijeet D. , Gulecha Vishal S. , Zalte Amar G. , Talele Swati G. , Bedarkar Gayatri N.
Published: October 2022

The buccal area of the oral mucosa provides an adorable channel of systemic medication distribution within the mouth mucosa. Drugs are delivered via oral mucosal layer, that has a higher first-pass metabolism and degrades gastrointestinal. The medication is immediately transmitted via the systemic circulation via the buccal drug delivery mechanism, which allows for painless administration, quick enzymatic action, high bioavailability, and reduced liver metabolism. The disadvantages of the oral drug delivery route include substantial presystemic metabolism, which causes medicines to a break down in an acidic environment due to poor absorption. Buccal delivery is an attractive administrative route due to its ease of delivery through the buccal mucosal membrane lining of the oral cavity. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the oral mucosa, mucoadhesion, variables influencing the whole process, assessment methodologies, and how to eliminate obstacles when formulating buccal drug delivery formulations.
Low level quantification of two potential genotoxic impurities in rilpivirine hydrochloride drug substance by HPLC technique
Authors: Dumbre N. G. , Chopade V. V. , Chaudhari P. D.
Published: October 2022

The goal of the research work was to develop new specific analytical method for the determination of potential genotoxic impurities 4-Iodo-2,6 Dimethyl aniline and 3-Iodo-2,6 Dimethyl aniline in Rilpivirine hydrochloride drug substances. The method was developed by using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography technique. The comprehensive method development was done to accomplish right combination of chromatographic conditions and validated as per ICH guidelines. The method utilizes L1-octadecyl chemistry (250 millimeter (mm) x 4.6 mm ID, 5.0 micrometer (μm), HPLC column. Both impurities were detected by ultra violet detector at 210nm. The separation of both impurities was attained with 0.1% Ortho Phosphoric Acid in water and acetonitrile at 1.2 ml/min. The calibration curve exhibited good linearity over the concentration range of 0.12-0.45 μg/ml with coefficient of correlation value greater than 0.999. The accuracy in terms of % recovery of the added known amount was found in the range of 97-100 %. Based on experimental results, developed analytical method can be applied for the low level quantitation of both potential genotoxic impurities in Rilpivirine hydrochloride.
Analysis of clinical profile of malaria patients attending a tertiary care centre in Central India
Authors: Jadon Harendra Singh , Mourya Jitendra , Yadav Sachin Singh
Published: October 2022

Background: Malaria is the commonest parasitic infection in India. A shift in the clinical profile in patients with complicated malaria has been observed with multiple organ dysfunctions becoming a common feature. Aim: This study is aimed to evaluate the clinical profile of malaria in a tertiary care hospital, central India. Material and Methods: A prospective study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital of a medical college in M.P. India. Patients of 18 years age or above who were smear positive or antigen positive were included in the study. Results:  A total of 230 malaria cases were present, of which 54.8% were males. The mean age of the participants was 34.7 years. Prevalence was common in rural (64.8%) and lower socio-economic class (46.1%) population. Fever weakness/nausea and headache were the most common presenting complaints (94.3% and 85.7% and 71.3% respectively) and pallor, jaundice and hepato splenomegaly were the foremost sign. Plasmodium Vivax (53%) was the most common infection. Conclusion: Malaria has a male preponderance. Fever, headache, weakness, pallor and splenomegaly were the common clinical presentation.