bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Related Factors of Dyslipidemia among Adults Aged 35 to 79 years in Southwest China
Authors: Huang Chuan , Zhang Wen-Qiang , Tang Wei-Wei , Liu Ya , Liu Jian-Xiong , Xu Rong-Hua , Zhao Shui-Ping , Wang Tzung-Dau , Huang Xiao-Bo
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its related factors among adults aged 35 to 79 years in southwest China. From September 2013 to March 2014, a multi-stage, stratified sampling was conducted on 10221 people aged 35–79 years living in Chengdu and Chongqing by using the method of field questionnaire survey and measurement. The prevalence of high triglycerides (≥ 2.3 mmol/L), high total cholesterol (≥ 6.2 mmol/L), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥ 4.1 mmol/L), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (< 1.0 mmol/L), and dyslipidemia were 15.7%, 5.4%, 2.5%, 5.7%, and 27.4%, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was positively correlated with higher education level, monthly income over 2000 yuan, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity, and central obesity, and negatively correlated with daily physical exercise. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in southwest China is lower than the national average level, but on the rise, with high triglycerides as the main type of dyslipidemia.
A Rise in Percentages of Circulating Lymphocyte Subsets Correlates With Acute Rejection in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Pan Fei , Cao Shuang , Li Xian-Liang , Xu Wen-Li , Li Han , Jia Ya-nan , He Qiang , Zhu Jiqiao
Published: January 2021

Background: Little is known about the shift of circulating lymphocyte subsets following liver transplantation and thus, its relationship with acute rejection. Methods: Liver transplant recipients were enrolled to assess the effect of primary liver diseases, gender, age, and follow-up periods on the shift of circulating lymphocyte subsets. Moreover, patients with rejection were paired to assess the effect of the shift on rejection.Results: When compared with patients from the middle-term group (29-180 d) and the long-term group (>180 d), patients from the short-term group (< 29 d) had the lowest absolute counts of T cell subsets, NK cells and NK T cells, and the lowest percentages of T cell subsets, B cells, NK cells and NK T cells but the highest percentage of DC. However, other factors did not affect circulating lymphocyte subsets. Percentages of T cells, CD4+T cells, B cells and NK T cells were higher in patients with acute rejection while percentages of T cell subsets and NK cells decreased after anti-rejection treatment. The percentage of NK T cells was identified to be the only independent predictor for acute rejection. The predicted probability was calculated using binary logistic with the area under the curve of 0.89, which had a sensitivity of 70.6% and a specificity of 94.1% at a cut-off value of 0.69.Conclusions: Circulating lymphocyte subsets gained a global recovery over the post-transplant period, leading to a sharp rise in percentages of circulating lymphocyte subsets, which was in close relation to the occurrence of acute rejection.
A glycoside analog of mammalian oligomannose formulated with a TLR4-stimulating adjuvant elicits HIV-1 cross-reactive antibodies
Authors: Bruxelle Jean-Francois , Kirilenko Tess , Trattnig Nino , Yang Yiqiu , Cattin Matteo , Kosma Paul , Pantophlet Ralph
Published: January 2021

The occurrence of oligomannose-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) has spurred efforts to develop immunogens that can elicit similar antibodies. Here, we report on the antigenicity and immunogenicity of a CRM197-conjugate of a previously reported oligomannose mimetic. Oligomannose-specific bnAbs that are less dependent on interactions with the HIV envelope protein sequence showed strong binding to the glycoconjugates, with affinities approximating those reported for their cognate epitope. The glycoconjugate is also recognized by germline precursors of oligomannose-specific bnAbs, albeit with the expected low avidity, supporting its potential as an immunogen. Immunization of human-antibody transgenic mice revealed that only a TLR4-stimulating adjuvant formulation evoked antibodies able to bind a panel of recombinant HIV trimers. These antibodies bound at relatively modest levels, likely explaining their inability to neutralize HIV infectivity. Nevertheless, these findings contribute further to understanding conditions for eliciting HIV-cross-reactive oligomannose-specific antibodies and inform on next steps for improving on the elicited response.
Associations between neighborhood violence during pregnancy and birth outcomes: Evidence from São Paulo’s Western Region Birth Cohort
Authors: Santos Angélica Carreira dos , Brentani Alexandra , Fink Günther
Published: January 2021

Background: Low birth weight and prematurity remain leading causes of infant mortality and morbidity globally. Although extensive literature has highlighted the importance of socioenvironmental characteristics for birth outcomes, the role of indirect violence on health remains fairly understudied.Methods: Using geocoded birth records from the ongoing Western Region Birth Cohort (Região Oeste Coorte – ROC-Cohort) of infants born between 2012-2014 and geocoded crime reports, we assessed the associations between exposure to violent crimes during pregnancy within a 1-km radius of the mother’s residence and low birth weight, preterm delivery, and being born small-for-gestational-age. Violent crime exposure was categorized into quintiles. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between violence exposure and birth outcomes. Models were adjusted for sex, maternal age and education, socioeconomic status, and risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and drinking during pregnancy.Results: Among the 5,268 infants included, the average crime exposure during the first two trimesters of pregnancy ranged from 0.44 violent crimes in the least exposed quintile to 12.74 crimes in the most exposed. Compared to children with the lowest violence exposure, children in the highest exposure quintile had higher odds of being born small-for-gestational-age (1.41[1.06-1.89]), preterm (1.35[1.01-1.80]), and low birth weight (1.42[1.03-1.98]). While socioeconomic status and maternal education were positively associated with lower violence exposure, no associations were found between these characteristics and birth outcomes.Conclusions: Higher exposure to violent crimes in the close vicinity of pregnant women’s residence is associated with substantial increases in the odds of adverse birth outcomes. Policies to improve neighborhood safety can potentially contribute not only to the short-term wellbeing of populations but may also have large social, economic, and health benefits in the long term.
Could Globalisation be Good for World Health?
Authors: Pogge Thomas
Published: January 2021

Every day thousands of people die from poverty-related causes. Many of these deaths could be avoided if appropriate medical treatments were available to the world’s poor. Due to the current tructure of the international patent regime, they are not. Since the risks and costs associated with pharmaceutical innovation are extremely high, to incentivise research, inventor firms are granted a temporary monopoly over newly invented drugs. While allowing firms to make up for the costs of research, this has the morally perverse effect of raising the prices of pharmaceuticals to a level where they become unaffordable to the world’s poor. To correct this grievous flaw, the paper proposes a concrete and realistic alternative scheme which, by rewarding medical innovators in proportion to the impact of their drugs on the global disease burden, would incentivise the production and selling of crucial drugs for the world’s poor at prices accessible to them.
Global Justice and Human Rights: Health and Human Rights in Practice
Authors: Tarantola Daniel
Published: January 2021

The origin and justification of human rights, whether anchored in biological theory, natural law theory, or interests theory, as well as their cultural specificity and actual value as international legal instruments are subject to ongoing lively debates. As theoretical and rhetorical discourses challenge and enrich current understanding of the value of human rights and their relevance to democratic governance, they have found their way into public health in recent decades and play today an increasing role in the shaping of health policies, programs and practice. Human rights define the obligations of states to their people and towards each other, create grounds for governmental accountability and inspire recognition of, and action on, factors influencing people’s attainment of the highest possible standard of health. This article highlights the evolution that has brought health and human rights together in mutually reinforcing ways. It draws from the experience gained in the global response to HIV/AIDS, summarizes key dimensions of public health and of human rights and suggests a manner in which these dimensions intersect in a framework for analysis and action.
Democratic Inclusion Beyond Borders: Introduction
Authors: Perry Tomer J
Published: January 2021

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Diagnosing the Refugee Crisis
Authors: Sari Yasemin , Taylor Isaac
Published: January 2021

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What Do We Owe The Forcibly Displaced?
Authors: Mendoza José Jorge
Published: January 2021

N/A
Populism and Global Justice: A Sibling Rivalry?
Authors: McKean Benjamin
Published: January 2021

As academic literatures and political demands, global justice and populism look like competing ways of diagnosing and addressing neoliberal inequality. But both misunderstand neoliberalism and consequently risk reinforcing rather than undermining it. Neoliberalism does not just break down political and social hierarchies, but also relies on and sustains them. Unless populists recognize this, they will find that assertions of sovereignty do more to reinforce neoliberalism and reproduce its hierarchies than to resist them. Recognizing neoliberalism as not simply corrosive of solidarity but also producing its own affective ties suggests that global justice advocates need to develop a critique of individual attitudes that egalitarian liberals have often seen as private and been hesitant to judge. In short, if either populism or global justice hope to take advantage of neoliberalism’s failures to advance an egalitarian politics, they need to reckon more carefully with their own entanglement with neoliberalism’s hopes and hierarchies.
We the Stakeholders: The Power of Representation Beyond Borders?
Authors: Brandi Clara
Published: January 2021

Review: Terry Macdonald, Global Stakeholder Democracy. Power and Representation Beyond Liberal States, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2008.
Does Justice Require a Migration Lottery?
Authors: Bhattacharya Aveek
Published: January 2021

Starting from the observation that substantively free migration is impossible in a world where millions lack the resources to move country, this article evaluates two contenders for the second-best alternative. On the face of it, arguments from freedom of association and material inequality appear to commend formally open borders, while those from liberty and equality of opportunity seem to favour a migration lottery. However, the argument from liberty gives us only a presumption in favour of freedom of movement, rather than an equal human right. This is not enough to make a compelling case for a migration lottery. Moreover, the idea that equality of opportunity requires a migration lottery rests on the belief that this will facilitate self-realisation. Yet it is free movement which better promotes self-realisation. Therefore, it is concluded that the case for a migration lottery is ultimately unpersuasive.
Women’s Bodies and Global Poverty Eradication
Authors: Balint Peter , Kollar Eszter , Lenard Patti , Torresi Tiziana
Published: January 2021

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Introduction
Authors: McKeown Maeve , Nuti Alasia
Published: January 2021

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Revisiting the Common Ownership of the Earth: A Democratic Critique of Global Distributive Justice Theories
Authors: Boonen Christiaan , Brando Nicolas
Published: January 2021

Many theories of global distributive justice are based on the assumption that all humans hold common ownership of the earth. As the earth is finite and our actions interconnect, we need a system of justice that regulates the potential appropriation of the common earth to ensure fairness. According to these theories, imposing limits and distributive obligations on private and public property arrangements may be the best mechanism for governing common ownership. We present a critique of the assumption that this issue can be solved within the private–public property regime, arguing that the boundaries of this regime should not be taken for granted and that the growing literature on the democratic commons movement suggests how this can be accomplished. We consider that, if the earth is defined as a common, the private– public property paradigm must be open to questioning, and democratic commoners’ activities should be considered.
Strigolactone and Ethylene Inhibitor Suppressing Dark-induced Leaf Senescence in Perennial Ryegrass Involving Transcriptional Downregulation of Chlorophyll Degradation
Authors: Hu Qiannan , Ding Fei , Li Mingna , Zhang Xiaxiang , Zhang Shuoxin , Huang Bingru
Published: January 2021

Accelerated or premature leaf senescence induced by dark conditions could be associated with chlorophyll degradation and regulated by hormones. To study the effects of strigolactone (SL) on dark-induced leaf senescence and to examine the interaction effects of SL and ethylene on regulating dark-induced leaf senescence, plants of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) exposed to darkness for 8 days were treated with a synthetic SL analogue (GR24), aminoethoxyvinyl glycine [AVG (an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor)], or SL and AVG by foliar spray. Chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, electrolyte leakage, and ethylene production were measured. Expressions of genes associated with leaf senescence, SL biosynthesis and signaling, ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, and chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation were determined. Foliar application of GR24 promoted leaf senescence in perennial ryegrass grown in darkness, and the intensity of action increased with the GR24 concentration. SL-accelerated leaf senescence was associated with the downregulation of four chlorophyll biosynthesis-associated genes and upregulation of four chlorophyll degradation-associated genes. AVG had functions counteractive to SL, suppressing dark-induced leaf senescence by downregulating chlorophyll degradation genes and SL synthesis genes. Our results suggested that SL and ethylene interactively regulated leaf senescence, mainly by controlling chlorophyll degradation induced by darkness in perennial ryegrass.
LEARNING MANAGEMENT ISLAMIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL (MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH) IN BANDAR LAMPUNG CITY, INDONESIA
Authors:   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia., a Selamat , Diana Nirva ,   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia., Fakhri Jamal ,   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia., a Koderi ,   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia., Tubagus Munir ,   State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Manado of North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Published: January 2021

The Purpose in this study was to determine the planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation of learning in MTsN Bandar Lampung City.This study uses an interpretive (a perspective that relies on the goal of understanding and explaining the social world from the point of view of the actors involved in it) paradigm with qualitative-descriptive methods. The approach used is naturalistic phenomenology.Findings from the results of the study about planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation in MTsN Bandar Lampung City are Planning starting with the establishment of the School Curriculum Development Team (TPKS) which is determined based on the school decree and is chaired by Headmaster. Organizingthe curriculum development team ranges from 7 people to 16 members. Meet the number of teacher qualifications.The teacher monitoring, evaluating the suitability of the SKL and evaluating the types of tests in the cognitive, effective, and practical fields.Implementation learning burden in the form of a package system. Build and develop Islamic education professional. Evaluation curriculum implementation includes objectives, learning strategies and methods, learning materials, time allocation, evaluation system, teachers ability, and learning outcomes.
ETUDE DES REPONSES DU SORGHO A DIFFERENTES DOSES DE FERTILISANTS DANS UN CADRE DE GESTION INTEGREE DE FERTILISATION DU SOL
Authors:   Faculte dAgronomie et des Sciences de lEnvironnement, Universite Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi BP 465 Maradi., Seyni Boureima , Mamadou Mamane ,   Faculte des sciences et Techniques, Universite Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi BP 465 Maradi Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN)., Nouri Maman ,   Faculte des sciences et Techniques, Universite Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi BP 465 Maradi Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN).
Published: January 2021

Sorghum [Sorghumbicolor (L.) Moench] is an important food crop grown by subsistence farmers in Africa for its seeds and fodder with little or no fertilizer. Information is scarce for sorghum response to nutrient application for many production areas in west Africa. Research was conducted to determine macro and micronutrients response in an Integrated Soil Fertilizer Management (ISFM). The experiment was conducted both in farmerss field of Angoual Mata and at station in Tarna. Four N levels (0, 20, 40, 60 kg ha-1) were combined with five P levels (0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30) and four K levels (0, 10, 20, 30) to constitute 15 treatments. An additional treatment of N-P-K-Kieserite-Zn-B (40-22.5-20-15-2.5-0.5) was used to test the effect of micronutrient deficiency. These 16 treatments were tested in a randomized complete-block design with three replications at each site. The number of ears, the dry weight of ears, the weight of dry stem and grain yield were measured at maturity. Added N and P, increased yield and yield component but K did not influence these parameters. The combination of NPK with Kieserite-Zn-B yielded the highest number of ears (82) and ears weight (2300 g). On the station, the highest grain yield (1334 kg ha-1) was obtained with NPK with Kieserite-Zn-B.On farmerss field, the N-P-K combinations (40-30-0 40-22.5-20 40-22.5-30) and with Kieserite-Zn-B gave similar and highest grain yield. NPK supplementation with micronutrients such as kieserite, zinc and boron improves the number and the weight of the ears of sorghum in our studying area.
SERUM PROTEIN EVALUATION OF PIT BULL, BULLMASTIFF AND CANE CORSO BREEDS OF DOMESTIC DOG (CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS)
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria., L.C. Chuku , N.C. Chinaka ,   Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Nigeria.
Published: January 2021

The diversity of proteins, their metabolism and protein functions are attributed to a wide range of responses in cells, organs and tissues of animals. The study evaluated specific serum proteins from male and female gender of 3 dog breeds (Pit bull, Bullmastiff and Cane corso). Cellulose acetate electrophoresis technique was used to ascertain the concentrations (g/dL) of the individual serum proteins and compared to the respective normal reference values for domestic dog. Results obtained indicate that the Pit bull (male and female) and the Bullmastiff (female) had serum albumin concentrations that were higher than the normal reference range. An increase above normal in serum globulin (Î±1-globulin, Î±2-globulin and Î²2-globulin) concentrations was observed in the female Cane corso breed, as other dog gender and breed fell within reference range. A comparison based on serum albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio of the dog breeds revealed a normal A/G concentration except for the female Cane corso (0.36 g/dL) which was lower than normal, and the female Pit bull (1.19 g/dL) which was found to be higher. Such abnormal decrease and or increase in these respective serum protein concentrations could be attributed to prolong dehydration due to the dogs regular activity and low fluid (water) replacement and or incidences of mild to acute inflammatory response/disease due to consumption of a certain diet type over time.
APPLICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN IMPLANT DENTISTRY-AN OVERVIEW
Authors:   Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthoodontics, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Thiruchengode, Namakkal-637215., Saravanan Soundaria , Abraham Mathew Chalakuzhiyil ,   Professor and Head, Department of Prosthoodontics, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Thiruchengode, Namakkal-637215., Kumar Singaravelu Suresh ,   Professor, Department of Prosthoodontics, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Thiruchengode, Namakkal-637215., Kumar Raju Praveene ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthoodontics, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Thiruchengode, Namakkal-637215.
Published: January 2021

Implants are considered as potential alternatives while replacing missing teeth. Accurate planning and placement of implants in a predetermined position, plays an important role in determining the success of the prosthesis. Digital technology refers to the usage of computer controlled components that minimize manual work. In the past decade, digital technologies, like cone beam computer tomography, have been used right from diagnostic phase to treatment planning phase. With the advent of augmented reality, digital technology can be used even during the surgical phase.
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF THE PROCESS APPROACH ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY - EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE MOROCCAN CONTEXT
Authors:   PHD Etablissement (Faculte des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales Ain Chock) University (Universite Hassan II de Casa) Country (Maroc)., Abderrazak Benammi , Kacem Taj ,   Professor Etablissement (Faculte des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales Ain Chock) University (Universite Hassan II de Casa) Country (Maroc).
Published: January 2021

Process approach or Business Process Management (BPM) allows organizing and framing a company by focusing in the improvement of performance in order to gain competitive advantage. Although it is believed that BPM improves various aspects of organizational performance, there has been a lack of empirical studies about this. The present paper has the purpose to study the impact of business process management in companies performance in Moroccan context. To accomplish that, the theoretical basis required to know the elements that configurate BPM and the measures that can evaluate the BPM success on performance is built through a literature review. Then, a research model is proposed. Empirical data has been collected from a survey of Moroccan companies from different sectors. A quantitative analysis has been performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to show if the direct and indirect effects between BPM and performance can be considered statistically significant. At the end, we have discussed results, their managerial and scientific implications.
SURVEY OF SOLAR ENERGY USAGES & ITS APPLICATIONS IN LIBYA
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Baniwalid University -Libya., Aljedk Abdalfettah
Published: January 2021

Due to its hot climate of Libya, especially in the summer and the length of the radiation of the Sun throughout the year and increasing degree of radiation of the Sun year after year because of other factors, and also the adoption of Libya in power generation on oil and that prices may vary, either as it becomes a large popularity, leading to a rapid depletion in Libya, and either rise, leading to higher energy production costs , It was necessary to use renewable energies of Libya and most of this renewable energy is solar energy. Whereas the annual average solar radiation on a horizontal surface (m2) between 5.5 kWh per day on the coastline of Libya and 7 kWh per day, of southern areas and also a lifetime of sunshine during the year up to approximately 3100 hours in the coastline and 3900 hours to the South. According to this research, the most important objectives required to achieve are production of electricity at the lowest possible cost and environment friendly and take advantage of the massive solar power in Libya.So I have in this research study how to convert solar energy into electrical energy and The expected benefit because of it in Libya, and a focus on cost element in preparation the solar cells, and the most important activities that we can exploit in use of solar energy, and a focus on economic efficiency of solar cells, and also the comparison between the use of solar cells and most stations operating in Libya using fuel oil , We also study solar systems components and factors affecting the performance of the solar cell, and because Libya depends on this heavily, and study of the most important activities and current uses of solar energy in Libya.Accordingly, it was concluded some of the conclusions and recommendations and proposals and some possible solutions that serve this side of the subject.
BEING A WOMAN ON THE STREET : FROM INDIVIDUAL NEEDS TO SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ISSUES
Authors:   Sociologuechercheure a lInstitut des Sciences des Societes/Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Et Technologique (INSS/CNRST)., Pegdwende Sawadogo Honorine
Published: January 2021

Ouagadougou, capitale du Burkina Faso est la ville la plus peuplee du pays. Elle est perÃƒÂ§ue par de nombreux BurkinabÃƒÂ¨ comme la reference en matiÃƒÂ¨re de developpement. De fait, elle attire de nombreux migrants, rendant la vie chÃƒÂ¨re et le marche du travail competitif. Lobjectif de la presente etude est de comprendre la presence de plus en plus marquee de femmes dans les rues de Ouagadougou et danalyser les enjeux que soulÃƒÂ¨ve leur presence quotidienne dans les rues et leur absence par ailleurs dans les foyers. Aussi, lenquete qualitative a ete privilegiee afin de mieux saisir les perceptions, les experiences et vecues des femmes. Nos resultats revÃƒÂ¨lent que ces femmes vivent dans des conditions precaires. Elles rencontrent des difficultes pour acceder a un emploi stable a Ouagadougou, ce qui les plonge dans une situation de sous-emploi et donc dabsence de revenus. Pour ce faire, certaines dentre elles survivent grÃƒÂ¢ce aux dons et aumÃƒÂ´nes. Bien que les dons, les aumÃƒÂ´nes et les liberalites diverses permettent aux femmes de repondre partiellement a certains imperatifs de la vie, cette presence quotidienne des femmes dans les rues nest pas sans soulever des enjeux de developpement au plan social, economique et politique.
PRELIMINARY FORMULATION STUDY OF LYCOPENE SELF-ASSEMBLE NANOPARTICLES VIA BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN IMPARTING AN EFFICIENT DRUG DELIVERY: STATISTICAL AND ILLUSTRATIVE APPROACH
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia., Yusuf Mohammad
Published: January 2021

Lycopene, a structurally polyene conjugated antioxidant,is frequentlyutilized for the treatment of ailments induced by augmentedoxidative stress.Its colossal structure and poor water-solubilityfailed to show the requisite clinical outcomes. To overcome these drawbacks a formulation study introducing Lycopene as Chitosan-phosphatidylserineself-assembled nanoparticles (LNP)to correlatethe dependent and independent variables employing Box-Behnken design has been performed. LNP formulation was achieved byinjection technique, using chitosanÃ¢Â€Â™s intrinsic property of towards Phosphatidylserine for self-assembly. Independent variables, i.e., chitosan concentration (X1), Phosphatidylserine (X2), and injecting rate (X3) were correlatedagainst dependent variables (responses) nanoparticle size, cumulative release,and lycopene encapsulation. Prepared nanocrops were stable, under 300 nmparticle size, Zeta potential below +30 mV, close PDI to 0.3, and exhibited invitro 69-76% cumulative release. Overall, the formulation strategy was fruitful to develop a formulation in the future for efficient drug delivery.
AWARENESS OF MEDICAL DOCTORS ABOUT MEDICAL ETHICS IN KING KHALID HOSPITAL IN ALMAJMAAH CITY 2016 - 2017
Authors:   Majmaah University Collage of Medicine., Alloboon Farah , Aleidan Meshael ,   Faculty of Medicine College Department of Community Medicine And Public Health-Research Unit., Alomaim Raghad ,   Majmaah University Collage of Medicine., Al-Yaish Wasen ,   Faculty of Medicine College Department of Community Medicine And Public Health-Research Unit.
Published: January 2021

Background:Medical ethics known as a branch of ethics that deals with moral issues which guide a member of the medical profession in their dealing with each other, their profession and patients.Theprinciples of ethics are including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.So, the importance of ethics in medical field that it will strengthen the relationship between the physician and the patient. In addition to that it trains the doctor to deal with his patients as whole human being not a sick body achieving by that the holistic approach. It also improves the skills and the analytical thinking of the clinician like asking questions and problem solving skills. Objective:To study the Awareness of Medical Doctors towards medical ethics in King Khalid Hospital In Almajmaah 2016-2017 Methodology:This study is a descriptive cross sectional hospital based, conducted in King khalid hospital in Almajmaah city,a sample of 90 doctors were chosen randomly, Informed consents were taken from the doctors, and a permission was taken from the ethical committee in the university and from KKH administration. Results:Overall majority of participants had moderate awareness of medical ethics (76.83%),while (15.85%)were with low awareness, and (7.32%)had high awareness. Significant association between specialty and awareness of medical ethics was observed, while no significant association between experience and awareness of medical ethics.
IN VITRO SCREENING OF SIDEROPHORE-PRODUCERS FROM UPLAND RICE ROOT ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA FOR ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITIES AGAINST FUSARIUMOXYSPORUM, ANDXANTHOMONASORYZEA PV. ORYZAE
Authors:   Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, VAST., T. T. Ta Linh , T. P. Mai Nga ,   Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, VAST., T. M. To Huong ,   Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, VAST., D. Mai Chung ,   Agricultural Genetics Institute., H. Chu Ha ,   Institute of Biotechnology, VAST., T. Le Binh ,   Institute of Biotechnology, VAST., Nguyen Phuong ,   Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, VAST.,   Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.
Published: January 2021

Rice is a staple crop for a large part of the world population including Vietnam. Although its export is ranged of second place over the world just after Thailand, rice production in Vietnam is challenging by various issues. The most significant is application of agrochemicals, which are not eco-friendly, leading to side effects on the ecosystem and human health. Endophytic bacteria (EB) possess different beneficial traits such as Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) and antagonistic activities against plant pathogens. In this study, a collection of 150 EB strains have been isolated from upland rice roots grown on the mountain-farm in the Tung village, Nam Co commune, Mu Cang Chai district, Yen Bai province, Vietnam. 119/150 isolates showed siderophoreproduction ability including 12 isolates showed the halo orange zone surrounding colonies of 1 Ã¢Â€Â“ 10 mm in diameter (Dh), considering them as low level of siderophore production, 80 strains exhibited the moderate activity, Dh of 11 Ã¢Â€Â“ 30 mm and 27 strains showed strong/high activity, Dh more than 30 mm. All 119 endophytic bacterial isolates were screened for antifungal activity against Fusariumoxysporum (Fo), and antibacterial activity against Ã¢Â€Â‹Xanthomonasoryzaepv.Ã¢Â€Â‹oryzae (Xoo). Of them, thirty isolates showed either antifungal or antibacterial or both activities. Indeed, five isolates showed antifungal activity fifteen isolates exhibited the antibacterial activity. Especially, ten isolates named NC88, NC89, NC126, NC129, NC130, NC131, NC134, NC152, NC153, and NC156 showed antimicrobial activity against both tested pathogens. These results are the starting-up for further investigation in planta under conditions of net house and field trial in order to reveal the potential strains for the development of bioinoculants toward to control the diseases caused by Fo andXoo.
Peer to Peer Lending Against Ease of Business Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Approach
Authors: Djaakum Cita Sary
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The progress of the times will always go hand in hand with technological developments. The presence of the disruptive era encouraged the financial industry to innovate. Peer to Peer Lending (P2P Lending) is an online digital platform based alternative lending, which brings together lenders (investors) and borrowers in the marketplace. This study aims to see whether the presence of P2P Lending provides business convenience for lenders with reference to user satisfaction. The approach taken by using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that all variables consisting of User Perception directly influence Ease and Attitude Perception, Ease Perception directly influences Attitude and Satisfaction; and Perception of Use has an indirect effect on satisfaction with quasy mediation. Therefore, 55% of respondents stated that P2P Lending provides convenience in doing business.Abstrak: Kemajuan jaman akan selalu beriringan dengan perkembangan teknologi. Hadirnya disruptive era mendorong industri keuangan untuk melakukan inovasi. Peer to Peer Lending (P2P Lending) merupakan alternatif digital lending berbasis platform online, yang mempertemukan lender (investor) dan borrower dalam market place. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah hadirnya P2P Lending memberikan kemudahan bisnis bagi Lender dengan referensi kepuasan pengguna. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan Technologi Acceptance Model (TAM) dengan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variabel yang terdiri dari Persepsi Pengguna berpengaruh langsung terhadap Persepsi Kemudahan dan Sikap, Persepsi Kemudahan berpengaruh langsung terhadap Sikap dan Kepuasan; serta Persepsi Penggunaan berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap Kepuasan dengan sifat quasy mediation. Olah karenanya, 55% responden menyatakan bahwa P2P Lending memberikan kemudahan dalam berbisnis.
Lipoxygenase (LOX) Pathway: A Promising Target to Combat Cancer
Authors: Vishnupriya P. , Aparna A. , Viswanadha Vijaya P.
Published: January 2021

Leukotrienes are one of the major eicosanoid lipid mediators produced due to an oxidative transformation
of arachidonic acid. Subsequently, they get converted into various cellular signaling hormones by a series
of enzymes of myeloid origin to mediate or debilitate inflammation. Interestingly, the available literature
demonstrates the pivotal role of eicosanoids in neurodegenerative, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases,
and cancers as well. The aberrant metabolism of arachidonic acid by the LOX pathway is a common feature of
epithelial-derived malignancies and suggests the contributory role of dietary fats in carcinogenesis. The enzymes
and receptors of the LOX pathway play a significant role in cell proliferation, differentiation and regulation
of apoptosis through multiple signaling pathways and have been reported to be involved in various cancers,
including prostate, colon, lung and pancreatic cancers. So far, leukotriene receptor antagonists and 5-LOX inhibitors
have reached up to the clinical trials for treating various diseases. Keeping its various roles in cancer,
the review highlights the components of the leukotriene synthesizing machinery, emerging opportunities for
pharmacological intervention, and the probability of considering lipoxygenases and leukotriene receptors as
good candidates for clinical chemoprevention studies.
Topical Bimatoprost Insert for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension Treatment - A Phase II Controlled Study
Authors: Rubião Francine , Araújo Alan Cezar Faria , Sancio João Bernardo , Nogueira Bárbara Silva , Franca Juçara Ribeiro , Nogueira José Carlos , Ferreira Anderson José , Faraco André Augusto Gomes , Foureaux Giselle , Cronemberger Sebastião
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

The most common treatment for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
is the daily use of eye drops. Sustained-release drug delivery systems have been developed to improve
patient adherence by achieving prolonged therapeutic drug concentrations in ocular target tissues
while limiting systemic exposure. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and
safety of bimatoprost inserts with bimatoprost eye drops in patients with POAG and Ocular Hypertension
(OH).

Methods:

We include OH and POAG patients aged between 40 and 75 years-old. Both OH and
POAG patients had intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21 and ≤30 mmHg at 9:00 am without
glaucoma medication and normal biomicroscopy. Five normal patients with IOP≤14 mmHg constitute
the control group. A chitosan-based insert of bimatoprost was placed at the upper conjunctival
fornix of the right eye. In the left eye, patients used one drop of LumiganTM daily at 10:00 pm.
For statistical analysis, a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student t-test, and paired t-test
is used.

Results:

Sixteen POAG and 13 OH patients with a mean age of 61 years were assessed. In both
eyes, IOP reduction was similar during three weeks of follow-up (19.5±2.2 mmHg and 16.9±3.1
mmHg), insert, and eye drop, respectively; P=0.165). The percentage of IOP reduction in the third
week was 30% for insert and 35% for eye drops (P=0.165). No intolerance or discomfort with the
insert was reported. Among the research participants, 58% preferred the use of the insert while
25% preferred eye drops, and 17% reported no preference.

Conclusions:

Bimatoprost-loaded inserts showed similar efficacy to daily bimatoprost eye drops
during three weeks of follow up, without major side effects. This might suggest a possible change
in the daily therapeutic regimen for the treatment of POAG and OH.
A Systematic Review of the MDMA Model to Address Social Impairment in Autism
Authors: Chaliha Devahuti , Mamo John C. , Albrecht Matthew , Lam Virginie , Takechi Ryu , Vaccarezza Mauro
Published: January 2021

Background:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by repetitive
behaviours, cognitive rigidity/inflexibility, and social-affective impairment. Unfortunately, no gold-standard treatments exist
to alleviate the core socio-behavioural impairments of ASD. Meanwhile, the prosocial empathogen/entactogen 3,4-
methylene-dioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) is known to enhance sociability and empathy in both humans and animal
models of psychological disorders.

Objective:

We review the evidence obtained from behavioural tests across the current literature, showing how MDMA can
induce prosocial effects in animals and humans, where controlled experiments were able to be performed.

Methods:

Six electronic databases were consulted. The search strategy was tailored to each database. Only Englishlanguage papers were reviewed. Behaviours not screened in this review may have affected the core ASD behaviours studied.
Molecular analogues of MDMA have not been investigated.

Results:

We find that the social impairments may potentially be alleviated by postnatal administration of MDMA producing
prosocial behaviours in mostly the animal model.

Conclusion:

MDMA and/or MDMA-like molecules appear to be an effective pharmacological treatment for the social
impairments of autism, at least in animal models. Notably, clinical trials based on MDMA use are now in progress.
Nevertheless, larger and more extended clinical studies are warranted to prove the assumption that MDMA and MDMA-like
molecules have a role in the management of the social impairments of autism.
A Mini Review on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering based Nanoclusters
for Sensing and Imaging Applications
Authors: Chokkareddy Rajasekhar , Kanchi Suvardhan , Inamuddin
Published: January 2021

Background:

The invention of enhanced Raman scattering by adsorbing molecules on nanostructured metal
surfaces is a milestone in the development of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Important experimental and
theoretical efforts were geared towards understanding the Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering effect (SERS) and evaluating
its significance in a wide range of fields in different types of ultrasensitive sensing applications.

Methods:

Metal nanoclusters have been widely studied due to their unique structure and individual properties, which place
them among single metal atoms and larger nanoparticles. In general, the nanoparticles with a size less than 2 nm is defined
as nanoclusters (NCs) and they possess distinct optical properties. In addition, the excited electrons from absorption bands
results in the emission of positive luminescence associated to the quantum size effect in which separate energy levels are
produced.

Results:

It is demonstrated that fluorescent based SERS investigations of metal nanoparticles have showed more
photostability, high compatibility, and good water solubility, has resulted in high sensitivity, better imaging and sensing
experience in the biomedical applications.

Conclusion:

In the present review, we report recent trends in the synthesis of metal nanoclusters and their applications in
biosensing and bio-imaging applications due some benefits including cost-effectiveness, easy synthesis routes and less
consumption of sample volumes. Outcomes of this study confirms that SERS based fluorescent nanoclusters could be one
of thrust research areas in biochemistry and biomedical engineering.
Nano-sheets of Graphene Oxide Enhance the Combined Effect of Hyperthermia and Radiation Treatment in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Haqiqian Mohammad H. , Sardari Dariush , Houshyari Mohammad , Moghadasali Reza
Published: January 2021

Background:

Pancreatic cancer leaves little hope for survival among patients. This is due
to its cancerous cell resistance to radiation and chemicals.

Objective:

Synergistic effect between three modalities of pancreatic cancer treatment is investigated.
These are radiation therapy, hyperthermia and graphene oxide nanosheets. The aim is to overcome
resistance of pancreatic cancer cells against radiation therapy.

Methods:

Cancerous cell lines were treated by each one of three modalities separately. Other samples
were treated with various combinations of these modalities. Hyperthermia was accomplished by
placing cell lines for 15 min in 42°C. In the course of radiation therapy, the cancerous cells were
irradiated by 6 MV Linac for two cases of 2 Gy and 3 Gy. The cell line viability was readout by
MTT assay 24 hours and 48 hours after treatment.

Results:

In single modality treatment it was shown that 24h after the treatment, the group treated by
RT 3 Gy had the highest cell killing result. Following up the result in 48h readout, hyperthermia and
3 Gy radiotherapy had similar results. In double modality treatment, for both 24h and 48h viability
readout, the group graphene-oxide plus 2 Gy radiotherapy showed cell survival amounting to 69%
and 43%, respectively being the lowest cell survival among all double combinations.

Conclusion:

In triple modality treatment, the cell viability for 24h showed no significant improvement
but in 48h, the hyperthermia plus Graphene-oxide and 3 Gy radiotherapy had very low cell
viability. Significant sensitizing effect for GO, when combined with radiation therapy, was observed.
Partial Fuzzy Quantifiers and their Computation
Authors: Novák Vilém , Burda Michal
Published: January 2021

Background:

In computer science, one often needs to deal with undefined values. For example, they naturally increase when a mistake such as the square root of a negative number or division by zero occurs. A similar problem occurs in the logical analysis of natural language. For example, the expression “Czech president in the 18th century” has no denotation because there was no Czech president before 1918. Such a situation in mathematics is characterized by partial functions, i.e., functions that may be undefined for specific arguments.

Method:

In this paper, we will extend the theory of intermediate quantifiers (i.e., expressions such as “most, almost all, many, a few,” etc.) to deal with partially defined fuzzy sets. First, we will extend algebraic operations that are used in fuzzy logic by the additional value “undefined.” Then we will introduce intermediate quantifiers using the former. The theory of intermediate quantifiers has been developed as a special theory of higher-order fuzzy logic.

Results:

In this paper, we introduce the quantifiers semantically and show how they can be computed. The latter is also demonstrated in three illustrative examples.

Conclusion:

The paper contributes to the development of fuzzy quantifier theory and its extension by undefined values and suggests methods for computation of truth values.
A New Cutset-type Kernelled Possibilistic C-means Clustering Segmentation
Algorithm Based on SLIC Super-pixels
Authors: Fan Jiulun , Yu Haiyan , Yan Yang , Gao Mengfei
Published: January 2021

:

The kernelled possibilistic C-means clustering algorithm (KPCM) can effectively cluster hyper-sphere data
with noise and outliers by introducing the kernelled method to the possibilistic C-means clustering (PCM) algorithm.
However, the KPCM still suffers from the same coincident clustering problem as the PCM algorithm due to the lack of
between-class relationships. Therefore, this paper introduces the cut-set theory into the KPCM and modifies the
possibilistic memberships in the iterative process. Then a cutset-type kernelled possibilistic C-means clustering (CKPCM) algorithm is proposed to overcome the coincident clustering problem of the KPCM. Simultaneously a adaptive
method of estimating the cut-set threshold is also given by averaging inter-class distances. Additionally, a cutset-type
kernelled possibilistic C-means clustering segmentation algorithm based on the SLIC super-pixels (SS-C-KPCM) is also
proposed to improve the segmentation quality and efficiency of the color images. Several experimental results on artificial
data sets and image segmentation simulation results prove the excellent performance of the proposed algorithms in this
paper.