bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning‐Assisted Active Metamaterials with Heat‐Enhanced Thermal Transport
Authors: Jin Peng , Xu Liujun , Xu Guoqiang , Li Jiaxin , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Huang Jiping
Published: October 2023

Heat management is crucial for state‐of‐the‐art applications such as passive radiative cooling, thermally adjustable wearables, and camouflage systems. Their adaptive versions, to cater to varied requirements, lean on the potential of adaptive metamaterials. Existing efforts, however, feature with highly anisotropic parameters, narrow working‐temperature ranges, and the need for manual intervention, which remain long‐term and tricky obstacles for the most advanced self‐adaptive metamaterials. To surmount these barriers, heat‐enhanced thermal diffusion metamaterials powered by deep learning is introduced. Such active metamaterials can automatically sense ambient temperatures and swiftly, as well as continuously, adjust their thermal functions with a high degree of tunability. They maintain robust thermal performance even when external thermal fields change direction, and both simulations and experiments demonstrate exceptional results. Furthermore, two metadevices with on‐demand adaptability, performing distinctive features with isotropic materials, wide working temperatures, and spontaneous response are designed. This work offers a framework for the design of intelligent thermal diffusion metamaterials and can be expanded to other diffusion fields, adapting to increasingly complex and dynamic environments.
Asymmetrically Contacted Tellurium Short‐Wave Infrared Photodetector with Low Dark Current and High Sensitivity at Room Temperature
Authors: Wang Huide , Huang Haoxin , Zha Jiajia , Xia Yunpeng , Yang Peng , Zeng Yonghong , Liu Yi , Cao Rui , Wang Bing , Wang Wei , Zheng Long , Chen Ye , He Qiyuan , Chen Xing , Jiang Ke , Lin Ja‐Hon , Shi Zhe , Ho Johnny C. , Zhang Han , Tan Chaoliang
Published: October 2023

Large dark current at room temperature has long been the major bottleneck that impedes the development of high‐performance infrared photodetectors toward miniaturization and integration. Although infrared photodetectors based on layered 2D narrow bandgap semiconductors have shown admirable advantages compared with those based on conventional compounds, which typically suffer from the expensive cryogenic operation, it is still urgent to develop a simple but effective strategy to further reduce the dark current. Herein, a tellurium (Te)‐based infrared photodetector is reported with specifically designed asymmetric electrical contact area. The deliberately introduced asymmetric electrical contact raises the electric field intensity difference in the Te channel near the drain and the source electrodes, resulting in the spontaneous asymmetric carrier diffusion under global infrared light illumination under zero bias. Specifically, the Te‐based photodetector presents promising detector performance at room temperature including a low dark current of ≈1 nA, an ultrahigh photocurrent/dark current ratio of 1.57 × 104, a high specific detectivity (D*) of 3.24 × 109 Jones, and a relatively fast response speed of ≈720 µs at zero bias. The results prove that the simple design of asymmetric electrical contact areas can provide a promising solution to high‐performance 2D semiconductor‐based infrared photodetectors working at room temperature.
Fully Discrete VO2 Particulate Film with Ultra‐High Transmittance and Excellent Thermochromic Performance
Authors: Li Bin , Tian Shouqin , Zhou Longxiao , Wu Senwei , Ma Tingfeng , He Guanjie , Liu Baoshun , Zhao Xiujian
Published: October 2023

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) has attracted widespread attention due to its extraordinary thermochromic properties. Visually transparent VO2 films hold great promise for applying in smart windows, smart radiative coolers, solar cells, and microwave absorbing windows. However, it remains a huge challenge to simultaneously achieve ultra‐high luminous transmittance (Tlum) and excellent thermochromic performance due to their contradictory relationship. Here, a fully discrete VO2 particulate (FDVP) film is developed. It shows an ultra‐high Tlum of 92.7% due to the reflectance being significantly reduced. Below the phase transition temperature (Tc, 69.1 °C), it is highly transparent to near‐infrared (NIR) light, while above Tc, it blocks NIR light through the strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, resulting in an excellent solar energy modulation (ΔTsol) of 10.5% for smart windows. In addition, a 3.5 at.%W‐doped FDVP film exhibits a desired Tc of 25.8 °C, an extremely narrow hysteresis width (ΔT) of 4.6 °C, and good optical properties (Tlum = 92.0%, ΔTsol = 8.2%). The performance represents a new milestone for thermochromic VO2 films. This work will shed light on the structural design for high‐performance VO2 films.
An Enhanced Sampling Approach for Computing the Free Energy of Solid Surface and Solid–Liquid Interface
Authors: Nguyen Cao Thang , Ho Duc Tam , Kim Sung Youb
Published: October 2023

Free energies of a solid surface and a solid–liquid interface play significant roles in thermodynamics. Due to the limited availability of experimental data, computational methods offer effective alternatives for calculating these properties. This study adopts advanced frameworks of the logarithmic mean force dynamics method to present an enhanced sampling approach for the calculation of the free energy at different temperatures. To achieve this, the free energy profile is constructed along with a pre‐established collective variable within the melting transition and cleavage processes. The values of the solid surface and solid–liquid interface free energies are then extrapolated from the excess free energy related to the formation and persistence of the solid surface or the solid–liquid interface. Furthermore, this methodology is employed to calculate the temperature dependence of the free energy measurements for the (100) and (110) surfaces and interfaces of Cu. It is shown that this methodology is robust and readily applicable in contemporary models of atomic interactions and various systems.
In Situ Forming of Nitric Oxide and Electric Stimulus for Nerve Therapy by Wireless Chargeable Gold Yarn‐Dynamos
Authors: Chiang Min‐Ren , Lin Ya‐Hui , Zhao Wei‐Jie , Liu Hsiu‐Ching , Hsu Ru‐Siou , Chou Tsu‐Chin , Lu Tsai‐Te , Lee I‐Chi , Liao Lun‐De , Chiou Shih‐Hwa , Chu Li‐An , Hu Shang‐Hsiu
Published: October 2023

Endogenous signals, namely nitric oxide (NO) and electrons, play a crucial role in regulating cell fate as well as the vascular and neuronal systems. Unfortunately, utilizing NO and electrical stimulation in clinical settings can be challenging due to NO's short half‐life and the invasive electrodes required for electrical stimulation. Additionally, there is a lack of tools to spatiotemporally control gas release and electrical stimulation. To address these issues, an “electromagnetic messenger” approach that employs on‐demand high‐frequency magnetic field (HFMF) to trigger NO release and electrical stimulation for restoring brain function in cases of traumatic brain injury is introduced. The system comprises a NO donor (poly(S‐nitrosoglutathione), pGSNO)‐conjugated on a gold yarn‐dynamos (GY) and embedded in an implantable silk in a microneedle. When subjected to HFMF, conductive GY induces eddy currents that stimulate the release of NO from pGSNO. This process significantly enhances neural stem cell (NSC) synapses' differentiation and growth. The combined strategy of using NO and electrical stimulation to inhibit inflammation, angiogenesis, and neuronal interrogation in traumatic brain injury is demonstrated in vivo.
Biomimetic Intrafibrillar Mineralization of Native Tendon for Soft–Hard Interface Integration by Infiltration of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Precursors
Authors: Chen Yangwu , Zhang Yuxiang , Chen Xiaoyi , Huang Jiayun , Zhou Bo , Zhang Tao , Yin Wei , Fang Cailian , Yin Zi , Pan Haihua , Li Xiongfeng , Shen Weiliang , Chen Xiao
Published: October 2023

Soft and hard tissues possess distinct biological properties. Integrating the soft‐hard interface is difficult due to the inherent non‐osteogenesis of soft tissue, especially of anterior cruciate ligament and rotator cuff reconstruction. This property makes it difficult for tendons to be mineralized and integrated with bone in vivo. To overcome this challenge, a biomimetic mineralization strategy is employed to engineer mineralized tendons. The strategy involved infiltrating amorphous calcium phosphate precursors into collagen fibrils, resulting in hydroxyapatite deposition along the c‐axis. The mineralized tendon presented characteristics similar to bone tissue and induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Additionally, the interface between the newly formed bone and tendon is serrated, suggesting a superb integration between the two tissues. This strategy allows for biomineralization of tendon collagen and replicating the hallmarks of the bone matrix and extracellular niche, including nanostructure and inherent osteoinductive properties, ultimately facilitating the integration of soft and hard tissues.
Nano‐Plumber Reshapes Glymphatic‐Lymphatic System to Sustain Microenvironment Homeostasis and Improve Long‐Term Prognosis after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Tong Shiqiang , Xie Laozhi , Xie Xiaoying , Xu Jianpei , You Yang , Sun Yinzhe , Zhou Songlei , Ma Chuchu , Jiang Gan , Ma Fenfen , Wang Zhihua , Gao Xiaoling , Chen Jun
Published: October 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Long‐term changes in the microenvironment of the brain contribute to the degeneration of neurological function following TBI. However, current research focuses primarily on short‐term modulation during the early phases of TBI, not on the critical significance of long‐term homeostasis in the brain microenvironment. Notably, dysfunction of the glymphatic‐lymphatic system results in the accumulation of danger/damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the brain, which is regarded as the leading cause of long‐term microenvironmental disturbances following TBI. Here, a nanostructure, Nano‐plumber, that co‐encapsulates the microenvironment regulator pro‐DHA and the lymphatic‐specific growth factor VEGF‐C is developed, allowing for a sustainable and orderly regulation of the microenvironment to promote long‐term neurological recovery. Nano‐plumber reverses the injury microenvironment by suppressing microglia and astrocytes activation and maintaining reduced activation via enhanced glymphatic‐lymphatic drainage, and significantly improves the neurological function of rodents with TBI. This study demonstrates that glymphatic‐lymphatic system reconstruction is essential for enhancing long‐term prognosis following TBI, and that the Nano‐plumber developed here may serve as a clinically translatable treatment option for TBI.
Passive Internet of Events Enabled by Broadly Compatible Self‐Powered Visualized Platform Toward Real‐Time Surveillance
Authors: Chen Chaojie , Zhang Haoran , Xu Guoqiang , Hou Tingting , Fu Jingjing , Wang Haoyu , Xia Xin , Yang Cheng , Zi Yunlong
Published: October 2023

Surveillance is an intricate challenge worldwide especially in those complicated environments such as nuclear plants, banks, crowded areas, barns, etc. Deploying self‐powered wireless sensor nodes can increase the system's event detection capabilities by collecting environmental changes, while the incompatibility among components (energy harvesters, sensors, and wireless modules) limits their application. Here, a broadly compatible self‐powered visualized platform (SPVP) is reported to construct a passive internet of events (IoE) network for surveillance systems. By encoding electric signals into reference and working LEDs, SPVP can visualize resistance change generated by commercial resistive sensors with a broad working range (<107 Ω) and the transmission distance is up to 30 meters. Visible light signals are captured by surveillance cameras and processed by the cloud to achieve real‐time event monitoring and identification, which forms the passive IoE network. It is demonstrated that the passive‐IoE‐based surveillance system can detect intrusion, theft, fire alarm, and distress signals quickly (30 ms) for 106cycles. Moreover, the confidential information can be encrypted by SPVPs and accessed through a phone application. This universal scheme may have huge potential for the construction of safe and smart cities.
Ferrocene Derivatives for Improving the Efficiency and Stability of MA‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells from the Perspective of Inhibiting Ion Migration and Releasing Film Stress
Authors: Bi Huan , Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Zheng , Wang Liang , Kapil Gaurav , Wei Yuyao , Kumar Baranwal Ajay , Razey Sahamir Shahrir , Sanehira Yoshitaka , Wang Dandan , Yang Yongge , Kitamura Takeshi , Beresneviciute Raminta , Grigalevicius Saulius , Shen Qing , Hayase Shuzi
Published: October 2023

Further improvement of the performance and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is necessary for commercialization. Here, ferrocene derivative dibenzoylferrocene (DBzFe) is used as an additive to enhance the performance and stability of MA‐ and Br‐ free PSCs. The results show that the introduction of DBzFe not only passivates the defects in the film but also inhibits the ion migration in the film. The final device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.53%, which is one of the highest efficiencies currently based on self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). Moreover, it maintains more than 96.4% of the original efficiency when running continuously for 400 h at the maximum power point.
Ultra‐Fast Recyclable and Value‐Added Desulfation Method for Spent Lead Paste via Dual Intensification Processes
Authors: Chai Lulu , Li Zhiyu , Wang Keyu , Liu Xiaowei , Dai Shaozhen , Liu Xiaoguang , Sun Yanzhi , Pan Junqing
Published: October 2023

The new low‐cost clean pre‐desulfation technology is very important in pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. However, traditional reactors have low space‐time yield and desulfation rate, resulting in high energy consumption and SO2 emissions in the industrial desulfation processes. Herein, dual rotating liquid film reactors (RLFRs) and lime are proposed to construct a recyclable, ultra‐fast, and value‐added desulfation method. Parameter optimization and kinetic calculations prove that the above reactions are controlled by internal diffusion, revealing that RLFR promotes the mass transfer and reaction rate. The new process greatly shortens the desulfation time of lead paste from 40 min to 10 s with a high desulfation rate of 99.7%, and the sulfation time of lime from 30 min to 30 s with a sulfation rate of 98.6% with a net profit of 55.99 ¥/ton by cost accounting. Moreover, ten batches of continuous scale‐up experiments demonstrate the stability of processes, the desulfation and sulfation rates are kept at 99.7% and 98.2%, which greatly reduces the emissions of waste desulfate liquor. This work provides a new universal strategy for a sustainable, low‐cost, and clean desulfation method of waste resources to achieve technical and economic feasibility.
Diversity‐Oriented Catalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization of Indoles with o‐Quinone Diimides
Authors: Gao Hao‐Jie , Miao Yu‐Hang , Sun Wen‐Na , Zhao Rui , Xiao Xiao , Hua Yuan‐Zhao , Jia Shi‐Kun , Wang Min‐Can , Mei Guang‐Jian
Published: October 2023

Herein, the first diversity‐oriented catalytic asymmetric dearomatization of indoles with o‐quinone diimides (o‐QDIs) is reported. The catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) of indoles is one of the research focuses in terms of the structural and biological importance of dearomatized indole derivatives. Although great achievements have been made in target‐oriented CADA reactions, diversity‐oriented CADA reactions are regarded as more challenging and remain elusive due to the lack of synthons featuring multiple reaction sites and the difficulty in precise control of chemo‐, regio‐, and enantio‐selectivity. In this work, o‐QDIs are employed as a versatile building block, enabling the chemo‐divergent dearomative arylation and [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of indoles. Under the catalysis of chiral phosphoric acid and mild conditions, various indolenines, furoindolines/pyrroloindolines, and six‐membered‐ring fused indolines are collectively prepared in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. This diversity‐oriented synthesis protocol enriches the o‐quinone chemistry and offers new opportunities for CADA reactions.
Transcription Factor Id1 Plays an Essential Role in Th9 Cell Differentiation by Inhibiting Tcf3 and Tcf4
Authors: Lee Woo Ho , Hong Kyung Jin , Li Hua‐Bing , Lee Gap Ryol
Published: October 2023

T helper type 9 (Th9) cells play important roles in immune responses by producing interleukin‐9 (IL‐9). Several transcription factors are responsible for Th9 cell differentiation; however, transcriptional regulation of Th9 cells is not fully understood. Here, it is shown that Id1 is an essential transcriptional regulator of Th9 cell differentiation. Id1 is induced by IL‐4 and TGF‐β. Id1‐deficient naïve CD4 T cells fail to differentiate into Th9 cells, and overexpression of Id1 induce expression of IL‐9. Mass spectrometry analysis reveals that Id1 interacts with Tcf3 and Tcf4 in Th9 cells. In addition, RNA‐sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and transient reporter assay reveal that Tcf3 and Tcf4 bind to the promoter region of the Il9 gene to suppress its expression, and that Id1 inhibits their function, leading to Th9 differentiation. Finally, Id1‐deficient Th9 cells ameliorate airway inflammation in an animal model of asthma. Thus, Id1 is a transcription factor that plays an essential role in Th9 cell differentiation by inhibiting Tcf3 and Tcf4.
Conductive Passivator and Dipole Layer Mixture Enabling High‐Performance Stable Perovskite Photoelectrode‐Based Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Yun Juwon , Lee Hyungsoo , Park Young Sun , Jeong Wooyong , Jeong Chang‐Seop , Lee Junwoo , Lee Jeongyoub , Tan Jeiwan , Ma Sunhil , Jang Gyumin , Lee Chan Uk , Moon Subin , Im Hayoung , Lee Soobin , Yee Dong‐Yub , Kim Ji‐Hee , Moon Jooho
Published: October 2023

Recently, lead halide perovskites have attracted significant attention as promising absorber materials for photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar water splitting. However, charge‐accumulation‐induced ion migration at the interface causes perovskite degradation and efficiency loss. To suppress the charge accumulation and improve the PEC performance of the perovskite photoanode, a simple interface engineering is proposed by decorating the SnO2/perovskite interface with a mixture of polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) and chlorobenzenesulfonic acid (CBSA). The mixed CBSA+PEIE treatment effectively passivates the oxygen vacancies in SnO2 and adjusts the band alignment between SnO2 and the perovskite. The synergistic effects of the mixture treatment facilitate an effective carrier extraction at the SnO2/perovskite interface, enhance the PEC performance, and improve the stability of the device. The perovskite photoanode exhibits an impressive applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency of 12.9% with an outstanding durability for 225 h. Furthermore, an unbiased solar water splitting is achieved using all the perovskite photoelectrodes, resulting in a remarkable unassisted solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 10.9% and a continuous 22 h stable operation.
Novel compound heterozygous ATP1A2 variants in a patient with fetal akinesia/hypokinesia sequence
Authors: Furukawa Shogo , Kato Mitsuhiro , Nomura Toshihiro , Sumitomo Noriko , Yoneno Shota , Nakashima Mitsuko , Saitsu Hirotomo
Published: October 2023

ATP1A2 encodes a subunit of sodium/potassium‐transporting adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+‐ATPase). Heterozygous pathogenic variants of ATP1A2 cause familial hemiplegic migraine, alternating hemiplegia of childhood, and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in ATP1A2 lead to fetal akinesia, respiratory insufficiency, microcephaly, polymicrogyria, and dysmorphic facies, resulting in fetal death. Here, we describe a patient with compound heterozygous ATP1A2 variants consisting of missense and nonsense variants. He survived after birth with brain malformations and the fetal akinesia/hypokinesia sequence. We report a novel type of compound heterozygous variant that might extend the disease spectrum of ATP1A2.
Altered sleep architecture in children and adolescents with Down syndrome
Authors: Gardner Kelly J. , Wang Wei , Klerman Elizabeth B.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Children with Down syndrome (DS) may experience changes in sleep architecture (i.e., different sleep stages) that then affect waketime functioning, including learning, mood, and disruptive behavior. For designing and testing interventions, it is important to document any differences in sleep architecture in children with DS with and without co‐occurring diagnoses, including neuropsychiatric diagnoses and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed at Massachusetts General Hospital for children and adolescents with DS who underwent polysomnography (PSG) between August 2016 and July 2022. Patient data collected from the electronic medical record included diagnoses, age at PSG, and PSG report. Statistical analysis included unpaired T tests to test hypotheses about differences in sleep architecture within age groups, and differences between children with DS and a co‐occurring diagnosis. One way ANOVA was used to determine statistical significance of OSA severity within patients with DS.

Results

When compared by age group, those with DS had negative changes in sleep architecture (e.g., less sleep and more wake) when compared to normative data. Within this cohort, having a co‐occurring diagnosis of autism resulted in further, negative effects on sleep architecture. 89% of those with DS had diagnosed OSA but only those with severe OSA experienced negative effects on sleep architecture.

Conclusion

Age is an important covariate when studying the sleep of children with DS and neurotypical children. Studies are needed to test whether minimizing the observed differences in sleep architecture will translate to improved learning, mood, and behavioral outcomes, and how treating OSA affects sleep architecture.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1,6‐Allene‐Ene via [1,8]‐Sigmatropic Hydrogen Shift of Allylic C−H
Authors: Chen Can , Tian Zhe , Liang Wanjie , Guo Jintao , Xiao Ping , Wang Zhenlei , Zhang Lizhi , Liu Qing , Liu Hui
Published: October 2023

A ligand‐free palladium‐promoted [1,8]‐sigmatropic hydrogen shift reaction of 1,6‐allene‐ene was reported, which went through an intramolecular Ene cyclization using base as a hydrogen shuttle. Notably, the transformation could realize the HAT process via the hydrogen shift from an old allylic C−H bond to a new one in the presence of oxidant, between which have low BDE distinction. The mild reaction conditions, high atom economy and good chemo/regioselectivity proved the valuable of this strategy. The control experiments using acetone‐D6/D2O proved that neither solvent nor water were involved in the cycloisomerization process and HAT process was more convincible. The target products could achieve more valuable molecules via convenient synthetic transformation.
Synthesis and characterization of green urethane non‐isocyanate from oleic acid for wood composite application
Authors: Ghozali Muhammad , Bakhri Samsul , Triwulandari Evi , Restu Witta Kartika , Meliana Yenny , Haryono Agus , Septiyanti Melati , Solihat Nissa Nurfajrin , Lee Seng Hua , Fatriasari Widya , Antov Petar
Published: October 2023

Conventional polyurethane (PU) is usually synthesized by a reaction between isocyanate and polyol. The use of isocyanate compounds is associated with significant health and environmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an environmentally friendly alternative method for manufacturing PUs without isocyanate routes. The aim of this research work was to synthesize green urethane from oleic acid, which included the following three stages: the synthesis of epoxidized oleic acid (EOA), the synthesis of carbonated oleic acid (COA), and the synthesis of green urethane from oleic acid (UOA). The resulting product was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses, and by determining the iodine number, oxirane number, and hydroxyl value. The results of FTIR and NMR showed that EOA was successfully synthesized. The optimum COA synthesis process was obtained on TBAB catalyst usage of 1% (wt/wt) at 140°C for 48 h with a 500‐rpm stirring rate and CO2 gas flow rate of 0.2 mL/min with the resulting COA oxirane value of 0.00. The optimum condition of UOA synthesis through the aminolysis process resulted in the use of LiCl of 19.8% (wt/wt) at 70°C for 3 h with a stirring speed of 1200 rpm with a UOA hydroxyl number generated of 237.93 mg/mL.
Discovery of novel benzimidazole acyclic C‐nucleoside DNA intercalators halting breast cancer growth
Authors: Abd Al Moaty Mohamed N. , El Kilany Yeldez , Awad Laila Fathy , Ibrahim Nihal Ahmed , Abu‐Serie Marwa M. , El‐Yazbi Amira , Teleb Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Breast cancer continues to be the most frequent cancer worldwide. In practice, successful clinical outcomes were achieved via targeting DNA. Along with the advances in introducing new DNA‐targeting agents, the “sugar approach” design was employed herein to develop new intercalators bearing pharmacophoric motifs tethered to carbohydrate appendages. Accordingly, new benzimidazole acyclic C‐nucleosides were rationally designed, synthesized and assayed via MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay to evaluate their cytotoxicity against MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells compared to normal fibroblasts (Wi‐38), compared to doxorubicin. (1S,2R,3S,4R)‐2‐(1,2,3,4,5‐Pentahydroxy)pentyl‐1H‐5,6‐dichlorobenzimidazole 7 and (1S,2R,3S,4R)‐2‐(1,2,3,4,5‐pentahydroxy)pentyl‐1H‐naphthimidazole 13 were the most potent and selective derivatives against MCF‐7 (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 0.060 and 0.080 µM, selectivity index [SI] = 9.68 and 8.27, respectively) and MDA‐MB‐231 cells (IC50 = 0.299 and 0.166 µM, SI = 1.94 and 3.98, respectively). Thus, they were identified as the study hits for mechanistic studies. Both derivatives induced DNA damage at 0.24 and 0.29 μM, respectively. The DNA damage kinetics were studied compared to doxorubicin, where they both induced faster damage than doxorubicin. This indicated that 7 and 13 showed a more potent DNA‐damaging effect than doxorubicin. Docking simulations within the DNA double strands highlighted the role of both the heterocyclic core and the sugar side chain in exhibiting key H‐bond interactions with DNA bases.
Effect of direct voltage induction by low‐frequency security systems on neurostimulator lead
Authors: Ardeshirpour Yasaman , Cohen Ethan D. , Seidman Seth J. , Taddese Biniyam , Zaidi Tayeb , Bassen Howard
Published: October 2023

Low‐frequency (LF) security systems, such as antitheft electronic article surveillance (EAS) gates emit strong magnetic fields that could potentially interfere with neurostimulator operation. Some patients reported pain and shocking sensations near EAS gates, even after they turned off their pulse generator. To investigate the direct voltage induction of EAS systems on neurostimulator leads, we evaluated voltages induced by two EAS systems (14 kHz continuous wave or 58 kHz pulsed) on a 40 cm sacral neurostimulator lead formed in a circular loop attached to a pulse generator that was turned off. The lead and neurostimulator were mounted in a saline‐filled rectangular phantom placed within electromagnetic fields emitted by EAS systems. The measured voltage waveforms were applied to computational models of spinal nerve axons to predict whether these voltages may evoke action potentials. Additional in vitro testing was performed on the semicircular lead geometry, to study the effect of lead geometry on EAS induced voltages. While standard neurostimulator testing per ISO 14708‐3:2017 recommends electromagnetic compatibility testing with LF magnetic fields for induction of malfunctions of the active electronic circuitry while generating intended stimulating pulses, our results show that close to the EAS antenna frames, the induced voltage on the lead could be strong enough to evoke action potentials, even with the pulse generator turned off. This work suggests that patient reports of pain and shocking sensations when near EAS systems could also be correlated with the direct EAS‐induced voltage on neurostimulator lead.
Mechanical study of alisol B 23‐acetate on methionine and choline deficient diet‐induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis based on untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Li Hua‐jun , Wang Yuan‐song , Wang Ya‐nan , Liu Ai‐ru , Su Xiu‐hai , Ma Zi‐ang , Wang Li‐xin , Zhang Zhong‐yong , Lv Shu‐quan , Miao Jing , Cui Huan‐tian
Published: October 2023

Alisol B 23‐acetate (AB23A) has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanisms of AB23A on NASH remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the metabolic regulatory effects of AB23A on NASH. We used AB23A to treat mice with NASH, which was induced by a methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet. We initially investigated therapeutic effect and resistance to oxidation and inflammation of AB23A on NASH. Subsequently, we performed untargeted metabolomic analyses and relative validation assessments to evaluate the metabolic regulatory effects of AB23A. AB23A reduced lipid accumulation, ameliorated oxidative stress and decreased pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the liver. Untargeted metabolomic analysis found that AB23A altered the metabolites of liver. A total of 55 differential metabolites and three common changed pathways were screened among the control, model and AB23A treatment groups. Further tests validated the effects of AB23A on modulating common changed pathway‐involved factors. AB23A treatment can ameliorate NASH by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. The mechanism of AB23A on NASH may be related to the regulation of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, d‐glutamine and d‐glutamate metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis pathways.
Human platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (rhPDGF‐BB) with collagen matrix for sinus elevation without using a bone graft
Authors: Ghassib Iya H. , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: October 2023

Background

This case report involves a 38‐year‐old male who presented to the clinic after experiencing complications from a tooth extraction, including a dislodged root segment in the sinus, a sinus wall fenestration on the palate, a residual bone height (RBH) of 3 mm, and inadequate healing of the soft tissue. He presented for implant placement.

Methods

Recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (rh‐PDGF‐BB) was applied to a wound dressing material and placed in the sinus cavity alongside a 4.8 × 10 mm dental implant (Straumann SP, Straumann, Andover, MA, USA.). As documented in the literature, a graftless sinus lift via a lateral window was performed using a split‐thickness flap technique to elevate the sinus membrane, re‐establish its integrity, and restore its barrier function.

Results

An 8‐month cone beam computed tomography assessment showed a 6.2 mm vertical bone gain and complete implant coverage.

Conclusion

This approach provided a successful alternative to shorten treatment duration and achieve favorable radiographic outcomes during early healing.

Key points

The use of rhPDGF‐BB and a collagen matrix in a sinus lift procedure emerges as a practical therapeutic option when grafting might lack predictability and notably consume more treatment time, while also achieving the desired bone height when used with a simultaneously placed implant.
A Comparative Analysis of Phytochemicals, Metal Ions, Volatile Metabolites in Heart Wood, Stem Bark and Leaves of Salix alba L. along with in Vitro Antioxidant, Antacid, Antimicrobial Activities for Sake of Environment Conservation by Substitution of Stem Bark With Leaf
Authors: Gandhi Yashika , Rawat Hemant , Singh Dhanjal Daljeet , Kumar Vijay , Charde Vaibhav , Soni Hemant , Mishra Sujeet K. , Singh Gagandeep , Singh Simranjeet , Sharma Preeti , Shakya Santosh K. , Narsimhaji C. V. , Meena Ajay K , Singh Arjun , Singh Ravindra , Srikanth Naryanam , Acharya Rabinarayan
Published: October 2023

The genus of Salix is used in food, medicine and nutraceuticals, and standardized by using the single marker compound Salicin only. Stem bark is the official part used for the preparation of various drugs, nutraceuticals and food products, which may lead to overexploitation and damage of tree. There is need to search substitution of the stem bark with leaf of Salix alba L. (SA), which is yet not reported. Comparative phytochemicals viz. Salicin, Procyanidin B1 and Catechin were quantified in the various parts of SA viz. heart wood (SA‐HW), stem bark (SA‐SB) and leaves (SA‐L) of Salix alba L.by using newly developed HPLC method. It was observed that SA‐HW and SA‐L contained far better amount of Salicin, Procyanidin B and Catechin as compared to SA‐SB (SA‐HW~SA‐L≫SA‐SB). Essential and toxic metal ions of all three parts were analysed using newly developed ICP‐OES method, where SA‐L were founded as a rich source of micronutrients and essential metal ions as compared to SA‐SB and SA‐HW. GC‐MS analysis has shown the presence of fatty acids and volatile compounds. The observed TPC and TFC values for all three parts were ranged from 2.69 to 32.30 mg GAE/g of wt. and 37.57 to 220.76 mg QCE/g of wt. respectively. In DPPH assay the IC50 values of SA‐SB, SA‐HW, and SA‐L were 1.09 (±0.02), 5.42 (±0.08), and 8.82 (±0.10) mg/mL, respectively. The order of antibacterial activities against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis strains was SA‐L>SA‐HW>SA‐SB with strong antibacterial activities against S. aureus, and B. subtilis strains. The antacid activities order was SA‐L>SA‐SB>SA‐HW. The leaves of SA have shown significant source of nutrients, phytochemicals and medicinal properties than SA‐HW and SA‐SB. The leaves of SA may be considered as substitute of stem bark to save the environment or to avoid over exploitation, but after the complete pharmacological and toxicological studies.
Single center experience with the balloon‐expandable Myval transcatheter aortic valve system with the first 100 patients: 30‐day and 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Magyari Balázs , Kittka Bálint , Goják Ilona , Kasza Gábor , Schönfeld Kristóf , Szapáry László Botond , Simon Mihály , Kiss Rudolf , Bertalan Andrea , Várady Edit , Gyimesi András , Szokodi István , Horváth Iván
Published: October 2023

Aims

To report our single‐center data, regarding the first 100 patients who underwent TAVR procedure with the new balloon‐expandable MYVAL system. We report 30‐day and 1‐year outcomes in low to high‐risk TAVR patient population.

Methods

From November 2019 to July 2021, 100 consecutive patients underwent TAVR procedure. Patient outcome was classified according to the VARC‐2 definitions. The device performance was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography. Data collection was allowed by the Local Ethical Committee.

Results

The mean age was 74.7 years, 63 (63%) were male. The mean Euroscore II and STS score were 4.8 ± 4.9 and 5.6 ± 3.9, respectively. Transfemoral access was the most frequent (surgical vs. percutaneous 2% vs. 97%) and in one patient surgical subclavian access was used. VARC‐2 outcomes were as follows: device success 99%, STROKE 1%, major and minor vascular complication was 1% and 11%, respectively, the rate of new permanent pacemaker implantation was 30.7%. At discharge, the incidence of grade I, grade II aortic regurgitation was 39% and 1%, respectively, without relevant PVL. In‐hospital mortality was only 1%. These results included a high proportion (17%) of patients with bicuspid aortic valves. At 1 year, the all‐cause mortality rate was 7% (only two due to cardiac event) and only a single patient had valve‐related dysfunction requiring surgical aortic replacement.

Conclusions

TAVR procedure with MYVAL transcatheter heart valve system shows excellent 30‐day and 1‐year outcomes regarding patient survival, technical success, and valve‐related adverse events. The limitations of our study comprise a single‐center study with retrospective data collection.
Delayed rupture of peroneal artery pseudoaneurysm following endovascular treatment in a patient with chronic limb‐threatening ischemia: A case report
Authors: Asano Kazuhiro , Kojima Shunsuke , Obunai Kotaro , Nakama Tatsuya
Published: October 2023

Below‐the‐knee (BTK) pseudoaneurysms that occur after endovascular therapy (EVT) and result in delayed rupture have rarely been reported. In this report, we present a rare case of an 86‐year‐old man with chronic limb‐threatening ischemia who developed delayed rupture of an idiopathic pseudoaneurysm of the peroneal artery (PA) following EVT. The PA chronic total occlusion (CTO) was successfully crossed using a guidewire via an antegrade approach, however, subintimal crossing was confirmed by intravascular ultrasound. Balloon angioplasty was then performed using an appropriately sized balloon, resulting in successful recanalization of the PA CTO with minor dissection and no complications. Postoperatively, the patient's condition was stable until he suddenly complained of right calf pain 10 days after EVT. Computed tomography revealed a rupture of the PA pseudoaneurysm. Urgent angiography revealed two pseudoaneurysms, one saccular and the other spindle‐shaped. The ruptured saccular aneurysm was successfully excluded through coil embolization and stent graft placement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of delayed rupture of a BTK pseudoaneurysm following EVT. Balloon angioplasty in the subintimal space can lead to the formation of a pseudoaneurysm and its delayed rupture.
Herpes zoster occurring over the site of tinea cruris—A case report based on the model of T‐cell exhaustion in the Ruocco's immunocompromised cutaneous district
Authors: Mathur Mahesh , Thakur Neha , Jaiswal Sunil , Maharjan Srijana , Paudel Supriya , Shrestha Anjali
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Immunocompromised district refers to the area of the skin with altered immune response predisposing secondary diseases to develop in an immunocompetent individual. This might be explained by the theory of T‐cell exhaustion which is characterized by the impairment of the effector function of antigen‐specific T cells due to chronic persistence of the primary antigen. T‐cell exhaustion model is not well known; however, it serves as a newer concept in the pathogenesis of diseases occurring simultaneously over the same site. Thus, it is not surprising to have two different infectious or non‐infectious dermatoses over the same site one preceding the other as observed in our patient. The concept of immunocompromised district and T‐cell exhaustion is a rare phenomenon; however, it should be identified by the treating physicians/dermatologists for the optimum management of the atypical presentation of the diseases.
A case report of clubbing as the initial sign of systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma: A rare possible presentation
Authors: Amirpour Anahita , Ghorbani Parastoo , Ghadirzadeh Erfan , Charkazi Elham , Paraandavaji Elham
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Even in the absence of characteristic cutaneous symptoms of scleroderma, systemic sclerosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients initially diagnosed with idiopathic interstitial lung disease.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an idiopathic connective tissue disorder characterized by multisystem involvement. Although skin thickening is a hallmark manifestation of SSc, a subset known as systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma (ssSSc) presents with internal organ involvement and positive serologic markers in the absence of significant cutaneous manifestations. We report the case of a 36‐year‐old Iranian woman who presented with clubbing as an initial symptom of ssSSc. Notably, clubbing as the sole initial sign of the disease has not been previously reported. Timely diagnosis of ssSSc is crucial to facilitate appropriate treatment and prevent disease progression. Physicians should adopt a comprehensive approach when evaluating patients presenting with limited clinical features, as they might be indicative of underlying ssSSc.
Agenesis of the right lung in an adult woman: A case report
Authors: Gonçalves Elias , Sachicola Ofélia , Estanislau Bartolomeu , Quifica Francisca , Morais Humberto , Arrais Margarete
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital abnormality. Patients with hemithorax white‐out on x‐rays should be treated with caution, especially in resource‐limited countries where chest CT and bronchofibroscopy are not available to confirm the diagnosis.

Pulmonary agenesis is an uncommon congenital abnormality defined by the complete absence of the lung parenchyma, as well as the bronchial and vascular structures. Right‐sided pulmonary agenesis is less frequent, has a worse prognosis, and is usually associated with other congenital abnormalities. We reported the clinical case of a 31‐year‐old woman with right pulmonary agenesis, and no other congenital abnormalities, whose diagnosis was confirmed by thoracic computed tomography and bronchofibroscopy and who has a good prognosis.
Cr2O3 Promoted In2O3 Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Yang Yuying , Guo Meng , Zhao Fuzhen
Published: October 2023

Cr2O3 was applied to study the modification of In2O3 based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol reaction. Combined with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc., the structure of the catalysts was characterized. The reaction performances for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol were evaluated on a stainless‐steel fix‐bed reactor. The results showed that solid solutions were formed for the Cr2O3 promoted In2O3 catalysts. The important role of electronic interaction between Cr2O3 and In2O3 was revealed in the hydrogenation reaction. In1.25Cr0.75O3 sample exhibited the highest methanol yield, which was 2.8 times higher than that of pure In2O3. No deactivation was observed for In1.25Cr0.75O3 sample during the 50 hours of reaction. The improved catalytic performance may be due to the formation of the solid solutions and the highest amount of oxygen vacancies.
Organic Semiconductor Based on N, S‐Containing Crown Ether Enabling Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Kaixing , Zeng Ye , Gao Xing , Liu Xiaorui , Zhu Linna , Wu Fei
Published: October 2023

The uncoordinated lead cations are ubiquitous in perovskite films and severely affect the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, 15‐crown‐5 with various heteroatoms are connected to the organic semiconductor carbazole diphenylamine, and two new compounds, CDT‐S and CDT‐N, are developed to modify the Pb2+ defects in perovskite films through the anti‐solvent method. Apart from the oxygen atoms, there are also N atoms on crown ether ring in CDT‐N, and both S and N heteroatoms in CDT‐S. The heteroatoms enhance the interaction between the crown ether‐based semiconductors and the undercoordinated Pb2+ defect in perovskite. Particularly, the stronger interaction between S atoms and Pb2+ further enhances the defect passivation effect of CDT‐S than CDT‐N, thereby more effectively suppressing the non‐radiative recombination of charge carriers. Finally, the efficiency of the device treated with CDT‐S is up to 23.05 %. Moreover, the unencapsulated device based on CDT‐S maintained 90.5 % of the initial efficiency after being stored under dark conditions for 1000 hours, demonstrating good long‐term stability. Our work demonstrates that crown ethers are promising in perovskite solar cells, and the crown ether containing multiple heteroatoms could effectively improve both efficiency and stability of devices.
Applying software‐defined ambient intelligence techniques for cognitive and emotional awareness in the Internet of Things
Authors: Azeez Syed Salman , Nag Ishita , Basu Shreya , Kumar Sharma Deepak
Published: October 2023

Smart “discrete” technologies are taking over everyday activities with an intended shift towards complete automation. With this, ambient intelligence (AmI) has come under the limelight, to make these routines subtle and automated, enabled through the widespread adoption of the ubiquitous and pervasive Internet of Things (IoT). AmI is context‐driven depending largely on user input through various interfaces, which is nothing but the interplay between IoT and artificial intelligence (AI). Despite extensive incorporation of personal digital assistants and smart home systems, AI is not yet capable of accurately interpreting and responding to human emotions. This paper aims to present one such application to gauge the emotional and cognitive state of the user and respond appropriately, be it ambient lighting or an emergency SOS. The proposed model extracts network packets to work with audio messages on the real‐time transport protocol (RTP) layer and presents a lightweight multilayer perceptron (MLP)‐based speech emotion recognition (SER) model for emotional analysis with an accuracy of 80.52%. It also features a simple confidence rating system for further optimization.
The nature of science: The fundamental role of natural history in ecology, evolution, conservation, and education
Authors: Nanglu Karma , de Carle Danielle , Cullen Thomas M. , Anderson Erika B. , Arif Suchinta , Castañeda Rowshyra A. , Chang Lucy M. , Iwama Rafael Eiji , Fellin Erica , Manglicmot Regine Claire , Massey Melanie D. , Astudillo‐Clavijo Viviana
Published: October 2023

There is a contemporary trend in many major research institutions to de‐emphasize the importance of natural history education in favor of theoretical, laboratory, or simulation‐based research programs. This may take the form of removing biodiversity and field courses from the curriculum and the sometimes subtle maligning of natural history research as a “lesser” branch of science. Additional threats include massive funding cuts to natural history museums and the maintenance of their collections, the extirpation of taxonomists across disciplines, and a critical under‐appreciation of the role that natural history data (and other forms of observational data, including Indigenous knowledge) play in the scientific process. In this paper, we demonstrate that natural history knowledge is integral to any competitive science program through a comprehensive review of the ways in which they continue to shape modern theory and the public perception of science. We do so by reviewing how natural history research has guided the disciplines of ecology, evolution, and conservation and how natural history data are crucial for effective education programs and public policy. We underscore these insights with contemporary case studies, including: how understanding the dynamics of evolutionary radiation relies on natural history data; methods for extracting novel data from museum specimens; insights provided by multi‐decade natural history programs; and how natural history is the most logical venue for creating an informed and scientifically literate society. We conclude with recommendations aimed at students, university faculty, and administrators for integrating and supporting natural history in their mandates. Fundamentally, we are all interested in understanding the natural world, but we can often fall into the habit of abstracting our research away from its natural contexts and complexities. Doing so risks losing sight of entire vistas of new questions and insights in favor of an over‐emphasis on simulated or overly controlled studies.