bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Butylphthalide‐Hydroxycinnamic Acid Hybrid Derivatives as Potential Antiplatelet Agents
Authors: Yang Ya , Jia Zhen , Ma Taigui , Yu Qinyang , Tang Lei , Li Yong , Fan Lingling
Published: November 2024

Thirty‐eight novel butylphthalide‐hydroxycinnamic acid hybrid derivatives were designed and synthesized to discover effective antiplatelet agglutination drugs. Among these compounds, 3 o gave the optimal inhibitory activity against AA‐induced platelet aggregation in vitro and also exhibited better inhibition than the precursor 3‐n‐butylphthalide (NBP) against thrombin‐induced platelet contraction, carrageenan‐induced tail thrombosis, and FeCl3‐induced common carotid artery thrombosis. Further investigations on the anti‐ischemic stroke activity revealed that compound 3 o exhibited a remarkable protective effect against ischemic/reperfusion brain injury. The PAMPA‐BBB permeability and liver microsomal stability tests indicated that compound 3 o could traverse the blood‐brain barrier and possessed favorable metabolic stability. This research provides a new candidate compound for treating and preventing cerebrovascular diseases caused by thrombosis.
Multi‐Electron Transfer Organic Cathode for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ning Jiaoyi
Published: November 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have garnered significant attention as next‐generation energy storage systems. However, developing high‐energy‐density cathode materials remains a critical challenge. Organic compounds with multi‐electron transfer processes offer a promising solution to this issue. In this concept, we outline the fundamental structural principles and mechanisms underlying multi‐electron transfer of redox‐active organic compounds. We categorize various organic cathode materials into n‐type, p‐type, and bipolar compounds, and discuss their structural features, redox chemistry, and capacity performance in AZIBs by analyzing cyclic voltammetry profiles and charge storage mechanisms. Our goal is to offer valuable insights into the molecular design and redox chemistry of multi‐electron transfer organic compounds to achieve high‐performance AZIBs.
Activation of CO2, CS2, and COS by α‐Diimine‐Stabilized Gallylenes
Authors: Guo Meng , Dong Ben , Qu Yao , Sun Zhenzhou , Yang Li , Wang Yanchao , Fedushkin Igor L. , Yang Xiao‐Juan
Published: November 2024

Several gallylenes [LPhGaM(THF)n] stabilized by an α‐diimine ligand (LPh=[(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)NC(Ph)]22−; M=Li, n=3, 3‐Li; M=Na, n=4, 3‐Na; M=K, n=1, 3‐K) were prepared, which display diverse reactivities toward carbon dioxide and its sulfurized analogues. The reaction of 3 with CO2 yielded a trimeric carbonate complex [{LPhGa(CO3)2}3{μ‐K9(THF)6}] (4) and a dinuclear oxo‐carbonate complex [K2(THF)6][LPhGa(μ‐CO3)(μ‐O)GaLPh] (5) in one pot through reductive disproportionation of CO2. For CS2, two ethenetetrathiolate gallium complexes, [M2(Solv)4][LPhGa(μ‐C2S4)GaLPh] (M=Na, Solv=THF, 6; M=K, Solv=DME, 7), were obtained via reductive coupling of CS2. In the case of COS, disproportionation gave a disulfide‐bridged complex [K2(THF)6] [LPhGa(μ‐S)2GaLPh] (8) at room temperature, but a dithiocarbonate [Na2(THF)5][LPhGa(S2CO)]2 (9) at low temperature, the latter being the first example of dithiocarbonates of p‐block elements.
Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation of Natural Products as Novel VPS34 Inhibitors that Modulate Autophagy
Authors: Feng Xiaowen , Wu Baoming , Xu Hanyang , Chen Chu , Ye Jiqing
Published: November 2024

VPS34 is a sole member of class III phosphoinositide 3‐kinase involved in endosomal trafficking and autophagosome formation, making it an interesting target for cancer treatment. Here, we investigated 5,774 natural products using structure‐based virtual screening against human VPS34. 10 natural products identified by virtual screening were purchased and tested in VPS34 ADP‐Glo assay, yielding several potential VPS34 inhibitors. Amongst, Salvianolic acid A (4) and Ellagic acid (8) inhibited VPS34 with IC50 values of 2.46 and 3.12 μM, respectively, more potent than the positivity control 3‐MA. Moreover, in vitro assays demonstrated that both of the compounds suppressed vesicle trafficking in cell‐based assay. Significantly, Salvianolic acid (4) effectively prevented autophagy in Hela cells induced either by starvation or Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor. In addition, in silico analysis was done to elucidate the binding mechanisms of the ligand in complex with VPS34. Overall, this study highlights the efficacy of structure‐based virtual screening and presents several natural products as VPS34 inhibitors that modulate autophagy.
Multi‐site Ultrasound‐guided Fine Needle Aspiration to Study Cells and Soluble Factors From Human Lymph Nodes
Authors: Al‐Diwani Adam , Agrawal Deepsha , Sheerin Fintan , Board Callum , Irani Sarosh R. , Pollock Katrina M. , Provine Nicholas M.
Published: November 2024

Lymph nodes (LNs) are specialized secondary lymphoid tissues essential to the priming and maintenance of adaptive immune responses, including the B cell germinal center response; thus, they are central to immunity. However, the anatomically restricted and time‐resolved nature of immune priming means that sampling disease‐relevant human LNs requires specialized techniques. This article describes the application of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) to sample LNs, using cervical LNs of the head and neck as an exemplar. This minimally invasive technique allows collection of both immune cells and cell‐free material that are relevant to both neuroimmune diseases and basic lymphatic functions. Downstream use of cellular material can include multiplexed flow cytometry, single‐cell transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐seq), and B cell cultures. The cell‐free supernatant can be used for proteomics or other similar ‘omics approaches. This unit describes collection of samples by FNA as well as processing and storage of samples for downstream assays. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Sampling of human cervical lymph nodes by ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration

Alternate Protocol: Sampling of human lymph nodes by ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration with negative pressure

Basic Protocol 2: Processing and storage of human lymph node samples
Exploring the Impact of Access Cavity Designs on Canal Orifice Localization and Debris Presence: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dioguardi Mario , La Notte Davide , Sovereto Diego , Quarta Cristian , Ballini Andrea , Crincoli Vito , Aiuto Riccardo , Alovisi Mario , Martella Angelo , Lo Muzio Lorenzo
Published: November 2024

Objectives

One of the primary objectives in endodontics is to achieve thorough cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system during an endodontic procedure. This aims to reduce microbial contamination and prevent the development of endodontic lesions. To attain this goal, it is imperative to establish access to the endodontic space that allows for the complete removal of pulp tissue and the accurate identification of canal orifices while preserving the anatomical integrity of the root floor and pulp chamber as much as possible. In this scoping review, we aim to explore aspects related to the identification of canal orifices and the presence of pulp debris and residues during endodontic treatment. Specifically, we aim to assess whether and to what extent the design of the access cavity impacts these factors.

Material and Methods

The scoping review was conducted and prepared following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews [PRISMA‐ScR]).

Results

The search yielded a total of 3697 bibliographic sources. After eliminating duplicates and applying eligibility criteria, only 10 studies were included.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, includes 10 studies and suggests a potential trend: conservative techniques may generate more debris, whereas guided techniques exhibit superior precision in locating canal openings.
Wearable Battery‐Powered Transmitter and Receiver for Path Loss Measurement of Capacitive HBC Channel
Authors: Dehaese N. , Assila Belhadj Mefteh R. , Vauché R. , Al Zaouk S.
Published: November 2024

In capacitive human body communication (HBC), the close environment strongly influences the signal return path. Many studies often overestimate the path loss due to the use of bulky measuring instruments that create parasitic return paths. Additionally, in the few cases where wearable battery‐powered HBC devices are employed, the impact of factors such as inter‐electrode distance, body constitution of the test subject, electrode‐to‐skin contact, and so on, on the power path loss is not consistently examined. In this paper, we present the design of a wearable battery‐powered HBC transmitter and receiver that enable a realistic estimation of the power path loss. We also investigate the impact of inter‐electrode distance, body constitution, posture and pressure of electrode‐skin contact. The transmitted and received voltages are first estimated using a single frequency discrete Fourier transform algorithm. The power path loss is then deduced using preliminary measured impedances of the transmitter–receiver and electrodes. Matching networks on the transmitter and receiver side are added to optimize the power path loss. Measurements indicate that for a 20 cm inter‐electrode distance, the path loss is approximately −37 dB at 21 MHz (IEEE 802.15.6 HBC frequency). Moreover, the inter‐electrode distance significantly impacts path loss, with a variation of over 10 dB measured for distances ranging from 20 to 100 cm. Additionally, body constitution moderately influences path loss, with a variation of less than 4 dB observed across six subjects. Body posture and electrode‐skin contact pressure significantly affect path loss, with measured differences of 4.5 dB between standing and sitting on the floor positions and between strong and soft contact. The impact of modifying the transmission frequency has also been studied, showing a path loss variation of approximatively −3 dB between 42 and 21 MHz.
Influence of High‐Frequency Characteristics of Components on Leakage Current and Conducted EMI of Servo Motor Drive System
Authors: Zhou Qibin , Huang Si , Zhou Yi , Liu Tian , Bian Xiaoyan
Published: November 2024

Leakage current and conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) significantly impact the safe operation of servo motor drive systems (SMDSs). The impedance characteristics of the components in the circuit change considerably in the general frequency range studied for leakage current and conducted EMI. These variations at high frequency (HF) can result in conducted EMI and leakage current deviating from the expected results, necessitating further investigation. A method of impedance analysis is proposed in this paper, which can efficiently analyze the influence of HF characteristics of circuit components on leakage current and conducted EMI. The influences of Y‐capacitor capacitance value and cable length on conducted EMI and leakage current are analyzed specifically. According to the HF characteristics of the Y‐capacitor and the cable, it can be deduced that changes in leakage current and conducted EMI are associated with alterations in impedance characteristics. Finally, the accuracy of the theoretical analysis is verified by simulations and experiments.
A data‐driven, multi‐domain brain gray matter signature as a powerful biomarker associated with several clinical outcomes
Authors: Fletcher Evan , Gavett Brandon , Farias Sarah Tomaszewski , Widaman Keith , Whitmer Rachel , Fan Audrey P. , Corrada Maria , DeCarli Charles , Mungas Dan
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

Characterizing pathological changes in the brain that underlie cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, is central to clinical concerns of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

METHODS

We describe the properties of a brain gray matter region (“Union Signature”) that is derived from four behavior‐specific, data‐driven signatures in a discovery cohort.

RESULTS

In a separate validation set, the Union Signature demonstrates clinically relevant properties. Its associations with episodic memory, executive function, and Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes are stronger than those of several standardly accepted brain measures (e.g., hippocampal volume, cortical gray matter) and other previously developed brain signatures. The ability of the Union Signature to classify clinical syndromes among normal, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia exceeds that of the other measures.

DISCUSSION

The Union Signature is a powerful, multipurpose correlate of clinically relevant outcomes and a strong classifier of clinical syndromes.

Highlights

Data‐driven brain signatures are potentially valuable in models of cognitive aging.

In previous work, we outlined rigorous validation of signatures for memory.

This work demonstrates a signature predicting multiple clinical measures.

This could be useful in models of interventions for brain support of cognition.
Association of a pace of aging epigenetic clock with rate of cognitive decline in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort
Authors: Savin Micah J. , Wang Haoyang , Pei Heming , Aiello Allison E. , Assuras Stephanie , Caspi Avshalom , Moffitt Terrie E. , Muenning Peter A. , Ryan Calen P. , Shi Baoyi , Stern Yaakov , Sugden Karen , Valeri Linda , Belsky Daniel W.
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

The geroscience hypothesis proposes systemic biological aging is a root cause of cognitive decline.

METHODS

We analyzed Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort data (n = 2296; 46% male; baseline age M = 62, SD = 9, range = 25–101 y). We measured cognitive decline across two decades of neuropsychological‐testing follow‐up. We measured pace of aging using the DunedinPACE epigenetic clock. Analysis tested if participants with faster DunedinPACE values experienced more rapid cognitive decline compared with those with slower DunedinPACE values.

RESULTS

Participants with faster DunedinPACE had poorer cognitive functioning at baseline and experienced more rapid cognitive decline over follow‐up. Results were robust to confounders and consistent across population strata. Findings were similar for the PhenoAge and GrimAge epigenetic clocks.

DISCUSSION

Faster pace of aging is a risk factor for preclinical cognitive decline. Metrics of biological aging may inform risk stratification in clinical trials and prognosis in patient care.

Highlights

Faster DunedinPACE is associated with preclinical cognitive aging.

Higher baseline cognition was protective of DunedinPACE‐associated cognitive decline.

The DunedinPACE association with cognitive decline explained a fourth of dementia risk.
Recent progress in advanced design of iridium‐based and ruthenium‐based perovskite catalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Cheng Yuqing , wang Yibo , Shi Zhaoping , Wu Hongxiang , Yang Jiahao , Ni Jing , Yang Ming , Wang Ziang , Xiao Meiling , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei
Published: November 2024

Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) is of great importance for the production of green hydrogen. The large‐scale implementation of PEMWE, however, is seriously impeded by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode, which results in considerable overpotential and thus the decreased energy conversion efficiency. To overcome this problem, researchers have extensively explored efficient anode catalysts that possess high activity and prolonged stability. Up to now, Ir‐based and Ru‐based catalysts are considered to be the most efficient candidates. Especially perovskite‐based catalysts have received intensive attention due to their distinctive structures and exceptional OER catalytic performance. To further promote their practical application, considerable research efforts are devoted to structural engineering toward enhanced activity and stability. In this paper, a review of the research progress on the advanced design of Ir‐ and Ru‐based perovskite catalysts is presented, with a focus on phase engineering, doping/substitution, morphology control, and compositing with other materials for perovskite catalysts as well as some preparation methods commonly used. It also summarizes the challenges and opportunities concerning perovskite‐based catalysts in current research, yielding further comprehension of the pertinent preparation and scrutiny of perovskite catalysts in the future.
Effects of Burning Severity and Root System on Herb Land Surface Evapotranspiration: A Study Based on Prescribed Fire in Southwest China
Authors: Liu Kemin , Wang Lunjiang , An Lingqiu , Yang Jing , Miao Chuandai , Xian Yong
Published: November 2024

Post‐fire evapotranspiration (ET) exerts a significant influence on soil moisture dynamics and thus vegetation recovery in, particularly, karst ecosystems in southwest China. Despite the widespread use of remote sensing and mathematical modelling to estimate large‐scale land surface post‐fire ET, few studies directly examine how burn severity and vegetation species affect small‐scale ET. This study bridges the gap by conducting two experiments. In the first experiment, lysimeters containing Artemisia Iavandulifolia and Miscanthus sinensis (with tap and fibrous root systems, respectively) were grown for 2.5 years, followed by prescribed burning with varying severities (low, moderate and high). Post‐fire ET was monitored over 1‐year period, with unburned control for comparison. In the second experiment, the soil surface burns were carried out to assess ET under three surface conditions: burned surface with ash cover (BSA), burned surface without ash cover (BO) and unburned surface with ash cover (UA). The ET was measured using the mass change method, and atmospheric and soil moisture were also collected. Results indicated that prescribed fire reduced post‐fire post‐fire ET by up to 46%–62%, depending on both fire severity and herb species. On low and moderate burning severities surfaces, ET from Miscanthus sinensis was greater than that with Artemisia Iavandulifolia. But, in high‐burning severity conditions, the opposite was true. This shift was due to varying heating depth of burn and root distribution of the two herbs. ET varied depending on atmosphere conditions. The dependence declined with the fire severity. The biomass and ash coverage were not significantly related to ET. However, decreasing evaporation was detected as the burning severity increased for the BSA and BO. These results suggested that the post‐fire changes in soil properties were a key driver of ET dynamics.
Enhancing Sodium‐Ion Storage Capacity and Stability in Metal–Organic Coordination Compounds by Bifunctional Coordinated Water Molecule
Authors: Che Meihong , Jiang Jialong , Yu Jiangtao , Zhang Runhao , Wu Zhonghan , Zhang Ziheng , Zhang Tongrui , Hua Weibo , Lu Yong , Zhou Limin , Shi Wei , Zhang Kai , Chen Jun
Published: November 2024

Redox‐active organic compounds have received much attention as high‐capacity electrodes for rechargeable batteries. However, the high solubility in organic electrolytes during charge and discharge processes hinders the practical exploitation of organic compounds. This study presents a cobalt‐based metal–organic coordination compound with bifunctional coordinated water (Co‐MOC‐H2O) for sodium‐ion storage. The coordinated water enhances interactions between sodium ions and nitrogen atoms in organic ligands through chelation, activating the inert sodium‐ion storage sites (C=N). Moreover, the stable hydrogen bonded framework formed by the coordinated water molecules prevents the active organic compounds from dissolving into the electrolyte, thereby enhancing cycling stability. With the bifunctional coordinated water molecules, the Co‐MOC‐H2O electrode delivers a high capacity of 403 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 over 600 cycles and exhibits a capacity retention of 77.9% at 2 A g−1 after 1100 cycles. This work highlights the crucial role of the coordinated water molecules in constructing high capacity and long‐life sodium‐ion storage materials.
Recent Developments in the Photochemical Reactions of N‐Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Barathkumar Jayaveerapandiyan , Gupta Rohan , Nagarajan Subbiah
Published: November 2024

The adoption of clean and renewable light sources is becoming increasingly prevalent in organic synthesis due to their welfare, workability and economic benefits. In recent times, photo‐redox catalysis has emerged as a valuable tool in organic transformations owing to its environmentally friendly nature and utilization of abundant resources. Since harmful or polluting reagents are not needed for the organic photochemical reactions, these reactions provide insights into sustainable processes and green chemistry. N‐Heterocyclic compounds (NHC's) constitute fundamental structural motifs in numerous organic compounds and are widely encountered in natural products and pharmaceuticals with diverse biological activities. Consequently, investigations into the synthesis and modification of these NHC's such as indole, carbazole, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline and pyridine hold particular significance for chemists and pharmacologists. This review provides an overview of the impact of photocatalysis on synthesis of NHC's and their modification from 2019 to 2024. These transformations are achieved through the utilization of both metal photocatalysts (e. g., Ir, Pd, Co, Gd etc.) and non‐metallic photocatalysts (e. g., Eosin‐Y, 4CzIPN, Mes‐Acr+ClO4− etc.), or even without the necessity of photocatalysts. It is anticipated that this review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers delving into the promising realm of photocatalyzed transformations.
Preoperative resting‐state electrophysiological signals predict acute but not chronic postoperative pain
Authors: Han Qi , Wang Hailu , Lu Xuejing , Li Yaru , Guo Yutong , Zhao Xiangyue , Feng Yi , Hu Li
Published: November 2024

Background

The prevalence of postoperative pain is notably high among the elderly population, which poses significant challenges for their postoperative recovery. In this study, we aimed to identify preoperative predictors for acute and chronic postoperative pain in patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery through a longitudinal investigation.

Methods

We recruited 75 patients (mean age 68.29 ± 5.60 years) and collected their resting‐state electroencephalography (EEG) data two hours before the surgery. The aperiodic and periodic signal components were extracted from the resting‐state EEG using the Fitting Oscillations and One‐Over‐F algorithm. We also collected the preoperative pain ratings, demographic information and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale from all patients. The postoperative pain ratings were collected ten times from Day 1 to Week 12 after surgery.

Results

We observed a high incidence of postoperative acute and chronic pain among older patients. Preoperative pain and peak alpha frequency in resting‐state EEG were the primary predictors of acute postoperative pain. Although age is a significant predictor of chronic postoperative pain, its predictive performance is poor.

Conclusions

Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the complex pattern of preoperative EEG features, preoperative pain and age in predicting postoperative pain at different stages. Our findings highlight the significance of exploring preoperative features to identify patients who are at a higher risk of developing severe postoperative pain, which can aid in the development of more personalized and effective pain management strategies.

Significance

The heightened occurrence of postoperative pain among the elderly presents formidable obstacles to their recuperation. This study delves into identifying preoperative factors influencing acute and chronic postoperative pain. Our findings indicate that preoperative pain and peak alpha frequency are crucial predictors of acute postoperative pain. However, the predictive performance for chronic postoperative pain is limited, although age was a significant predictor of chronic postoperative pain. These insights contribute to the identification of patients at elevated risk for severe acute and chronic postoperative pain, offering valuable guidance for pre‐surgical risk assessment.
Cycling sensitivity across migraine phases: A longitudinal case–control study
Authors: Peng Kuan‐Po , May Arne
Published: November 2024

Background

Functional neuroimaging studies indicate that central transmission of trigeminal pain may commence up to 48 h prior to the onset of headache. Whether these cyclic changes are associated with somatosensory alteration remains incompletely understood.

Methods

The present study aimed to investigate the temporal progression of somatosensory alterations preceding the onset of a migraine attack. Patients with menstrually related migraine (n = 10) and matched healthy controls (n = 13) underwent consecutive daily quantitative sensory tests, commencing 6 days prior to the expected onset of the migraine attack and menstruation. Each subject was investigated for 7–11 consecutive days, resulting in 85 and 91 days of experimentation for the respective cohorts.

Results

Electrical/heat/cold pain thresholds showed a phase‐dependent decline towards the spontaneous migraine attack, which had commenced 48 h prior to the onset of the headache. The pain thresholds further declined towards the ictal phase, with only the electrical pain threshold reaching statistical significance (ictal vs. preictal). In healthy controls, the pain thresholds remained stable and unaltered during the consecutive daily measurements. In an exploratory analysis, the pain thresholds at baseline (interictal phase) were comparable between both cohorts.

Conclusions

The data suggest the existence of a trigeminal somatosensory alteration in the preictal phase of migraine, occurring up to 48 h prior to the onset of the headache. This change occurred in a chronologically synchronous manner with the brain activation in the preictal phase in functional neuroimaging studies. It will be important to combine pain threshold measurement and functional neuroimaging in future studies.

Significance

Our data suggest the existence of a somatosensory behavioural correlate of the functional neuroimaging changes starting 48 h before the onset of headache. Despite the concurrence of the behavioural and functional neuroimaging changes in a chronological sequence, the next step in elucidating the cause of migraine is to combine the behavioural and functional neuroimaging changes in a temporal sequence, i.e. to identify the generator behind the cyclic sensory fluctuation.
Enhancing reactive agility in soccer: The impact of stroboscopic eyewear during warm‐up across fatigued and non‐fatigued conditions
Authors: Zwierko Teresa , Tapia Vicente , Vera Jesús , Redondo Beatriz , Morenas‐Aguilar María Dolores , García‐Ramos Amador
Published: November 2024

Although prolonged training with stroboscopic eyewear has demonstrated potential for enhancing visuomotor skills, the acute effects of stroboscopic stimulation are not well understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the short‐term effects of stroboscopic exposure during the ball‐specific phase of soccer warm‐up on agility performance in preplanned and unpredictable (RA) tasks. Also, these effects were examined both in tasks involving ball dribbling and without the ball, as well as under fatigued and non‐fatigued conditions. Twenty‐two male soccer players participated in three sessions: a familiarization session and two experimental sessions, one with and one without stroboscopic exposure during the warm‐up. RA was assessed before and after each session using the 10‐repetition Illinois Agility Test, with and without ball control. Results showed that stroboscopic exposure significantly enhanced RA performance in tasks involving ball dribbling (p < 0.001, effect size (ES) = 0.57), and these effects were maintained under fatigued conditions (p = 0.007, ES = 0.39). However, there were no significant improvements in RA without the ball (p > 0.05). Exercise‐induced fatigue reduced RA performance in both conditions (F = 28.2; p < 0.001), regardless of warm‐up type (F = 0.5; p = 0.484). Additionally, stroboscopic exposure did not significantly affect the changes of direction speed performance in the Illinois Agility Test (F = 0.5; p = 0.479). These findings suggest that integrating stroboscopic eyewear into the ball‐specific phase of soccer warm‐ups effectively improves RA performance in tasks involving dribbling under both non‐fatigued and fatigued conditions. The effectiveness of acute stroboscopic stimulation is closely related to the specificity of the tasks in which it is applied. These insights could benefit training across various sports, encouraging coaches to adopt this approach to enhance player preparation before both training and competitions.
Optimal Solar‐Biomass‐Diesel‐Generator Hybrid Energy for Water Pumping System Considering Demand Response
Authors: Amusan Olumuyiwa Taiwo , Nwulu Nnamdi Ikechi , Gbadamosi Saheed Lekan
Published: November 2024

The water pumping system is a vital daily operation for a sustainable society. The demand for this essential commodity is progressively growing around the world. Incorporating renewable energy sources (RES) into its operation mitigates adverse environmental effects stemming from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduces associated costs linked to fossil fuel energy sources. Hence, the optimal sizing of a hybrid mix of RES and non‐RES energy sources to power water pumping is essential. This study employs a generalized reduced gradient (GRG) optimization method to ascertain the most effective energy mix for water pumping system (WPS) application by integrating time of use demand response. This is achieved through four scenarios: Scenario 1 (S1) utilizes grid power and Diesel generator (DG) energy sources, Scenario 2 (S2) incorporates grid power, DG, and solar PV, Scenario 3 (S3) integrates grid power, DG, solar PV, and biomass energy sources, while Scenario 4 (S4) incorporates Time of Use (TOU) with the three aforementioned energy sources. The key findings reveal an ideal solution comprising of a mix of renewable PV and biomass along with non‐renewable grid energy source embedded with Time of Use demand response (S4) with optimal energy capacities of 4007 kW of PV, 4228 kW of grid, 234 kW of biomass, and 1085 of DG owing to the least cost energy and cost of water pumped of 0.75$/kW and 1.74$/kL, respectively, most volume of water pumped of 270.50 kL. These findings prove that the integration TOU demand response program with a hybrid mix of grid‐biomass‐DG‐solar PV is best suited for water pumping applications as it gives a cost‐competitive value.
Multiple intracerebral hematomas during SEEG recording and intradural hemorrhage after spinal tap: A case report prompting more research on collagen IV gene mutation and oral nicotine consumption as risk factors
Authors: Leitinger Markus , Broggi Serena , Spendel Mathias , Kalss Gudrun , Petrović Ivan , Krainz Herbert , Rossini Fabio , Höfler Julia , Toma Andreea , Kuchukhidze Giorgi , Mauritz Matthias , Poppert Kai‐Nicolas , Crespo‐Pimentel Bernardo , Bosque‐Varela Pilar , Pleyers Anna , Ganger Patricia , Kotzot Dieter , Lessel Davor , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Trinka Eugen
Published: November 2024

Intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) during implantation of stereo‐EEG electrodes are rare. The impact of tobacco‐free nicotine consumption on periprocedural bleeding is uncertain. We present a 20+ year‐old man with drug‐resistant epilepsy who underwent stereo‐EEG with 17 depth electrodes. Within a few days after insertion, the patient developed multiple ICHs in the electrode trajectories and an intradural hemorrhage after a diagnostic spinal tap. We performed the investigation of the clotting system and whole‐exome sequencing (WES). WES identified a heterozygous mutation c.4698G>T, p.(Trp1566Cys) in COL4A2 (NM_001846.4) encoding a collagen type‐IV alpha‐2 chain inherited from his seemingly healthy mother. As COL4A2 mutations had been identified in four adult patients with ICH we postulated that the identified variant presents a potential risk factor. Notably, mutations encoding other collagens have been linked to cerebral hemorrhages (COL4A1) and increased propensity to trigger ICH upon smoking (COL1A2). Our patient consumed at least 24 oral nicotine pouches (containing 11 mg nicotine each) per day. We consider the patient's COL4A2 mutation in combination with his substantial nicotine consumption as likely predisposition to multiple ICHs precipitated by stereo‐EEG. Patients with nicotine consumption and any collagen mutation may have a substantially higher risk for hemorrhagic complications in SEEG and other neurosurgical procedures.

Plain Language Summary

A young man with drug‐resistant epilepsy experienced multiple intracerebral hemorrhages after implantation of SEEG electrodes for presurgical evaluation and concomitantly a intradural hemorrhage after a lumbar spinal tap. A collagen IV mutation of unclear significance and heavy use of oral nicotine pouches were the only potential risk factors identified. As collagen mutations were previously described risk factors and smoking in particular worsens the bleeding risk in collagen mutations, further research is warranted to prevent hemorrhages in neurosurgical procedures. Nicotine consumption in any form is a preventable risk factor.
Thermal Behaviour, Smoke Transfer and Antioxidant Analysis of Two Synthesised 2,5‐Dimethyl‐N‐Substituted Pyrrole Leucine Esters
Authors: Lai Miao , Li Pengyu , Yan Dingwei , Gao Ziting , Wang Haiyang , Gao Xue , Wei Yuewei , Chen Hongli , Yang Xiaopeng , Ji Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

The limited availability of raw materials for cigarette aroma, particularly in emerging spices, highlights the need for proactive research in exploring and utilising new flavours. Pyrrole derivatives are an important class of five membered nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds with beautiful aroma and excellent biological activity. By synthesising 2‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐4‐methylpentanoic acid using the Paal–Knorr reaction followed by esterification reactions, novel pyrrole ester fragrances (5a and 5b) were obtained for further investigation. The two synthesised compounds were characterised using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Furthermore, the thermal properties, smoke transfer behaviour and antioxidant capacity of compounds 5a and 5b were evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) revealed that compounds 5a and 5b exhibited major mass loss phases between 124.3°C–450°C and 116.8°C–450°C, respectively, with mass loss rates of 80.58% and 95.45%. Pyrolysis (Py) of compounds 5a and 5b resulted in the formation of eight and nine compounds, respectively. Moreover, the transfer rates of mainstream smoke particles from flavour additives 5a and 5b in tobacco shreds were higher compared with cigarette paper flavouring. Compound 5a demonstrated slightly higher antioxidant activity involving 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide anion () than compound 5b. These findings support the development of new tobacco flavours and fragrance components and encourage further practical investigations.
Short‐Term Exposure of Bisphenol A Deteriorates the Quality of Rabbit Milk by Impairing Milk Fat Synthesis
Authors: Hao Jia , Beng Shaohui , Ma Zifeng , Xu Hongmei , Yang Ting , Yang Qiman , Wang Yunduan , Zheng Wenhui , Ma Yisha , Zhang Shuo , Kuang Liangde , Fu Wei
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of short‐term exposure of Bisphenol A (BPA) on the growth and lactation performance, blood parameters, and milk composition of lactating rabbits and explore its potential molecular mechanisms. Eight lactating rabbits with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group (BPA) and the control group (Ctrl). The group BPA was orally administered 80 mg/kg/day BPA on the 15th day postpartum, while the group Ctrl received a corresponding volume of vehicle. Blood and milk samples were collected after 7 days treatment. The results showed that short‐term ingestion of BPA did not obviously alter the body weight, feed intake, or milk yield of the lactating rabbits. ELISA assays indicated that BPA did not significantly affect the plasma levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), creatinine (CRE), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), uric acid (UA), and urea. Utilizing untargeted metabolomics, we first depicted the metabolomic profile of rabbit milk, and identified 277 differential metabolites (DMs), with 141 DMs upregulated (e.g., BPA, and its metabolites including Cetirizine N‐oxide) and 136 DMs downregulated (e.g., Oleamide, Tiglic acid, PC O‐38:4) in the group BPA. KEGG analysis revealed that the DMs were mainly enriched in pathways comprising fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, and phosphatidylinositol signaling system, emphasizing the effect of BPA on milk fat metabolism. Hence, we established the BPA‐induced MAC‐T model, and the results showed that BPA significantly reduced cell viability and impacted lipid synthesis, as evidenced by reduced lipid droplets (BODIPY and Oil Red O staining) and decreased expression of genes related to lipid synthesis (e.g., PPARγ, ACACA, LPL). In summary, we first drew the metabolomic profile of rabbit milk and confirmed that short‐term BPA exposure impacted mammary lipid synthesis, thereby reducing the milk quality of lactating rabbits and providing fundamental data for resolving the toxicological mechanisms of BPA on mammal lactation.
Optimization of Ultrasound Extraction of Total Anthocyanin From Berberis kaschgarica Rupr. by Response Surface Methodology and Its Antihypertensive Effect
Authors: Khan Nawaz , Yusufu Maierdan , Ahmadova Zeynab , Maihemuti Nulibiya , Hailati Sendaer , Talihat Ziruo , Nueraihemaiti Nuerbiye , Dilimulati Dilihuma , Baishan Alhar , Duan Li , Zhou Wenting
Published: November 2024

Berberis kaschgarica Rupr. is a berry fruit shrub found in the north‐western region of China, locally its fruit is consumed as a tea ingredient a part of the daily diet, for treatment of different diseases like eczema, and for cardiovascular care as a traditional remedy. In the current study, an optimized ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) method is developed using response surface methodology (RSM) to extract anthocyanins from the fruit. The influence of the extraction conditions on the yield of anthocyanins was evaluated and discussed. Additionally, the antihypertensive activity of the extract was evaluated in rats. The negative control group comprised Wistar–Kyoto rats, while five experimental groups included spontaneously hypertensive rats: model group; captopril group; and three treatment groups receiving purified extract. Blood pressure was regularly monitored every 2 weeks during the 12‐week treatment period. Post‐treatment left ventricular cardiac function in rats was assessed, and serum level of renin (REN), angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang‐II), angiotensin‐(1–7) (Ang‐(1–7)), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated. The optimal UAE extraction condition determined by RSM was 56.5% ethanol volume, 1:19.74 solid‐to‐liquid ratio, 55 min extraction time, and 0.71% of HCL volume. The purified B. kaschgarica anthocyanin extract exhibited antihypertensive effects and significantly improved left ventricular cardiac functions in treated rats. Furthermore, serum levels of REN, ACE, Ang‐II, ET‐1, Ang‐(1–7), and NO showed statistically significant changes in the treated groups. This study highlights the efficacy of the developed optimized UAE method for high‐yield anthocyanin extraction from B. kaschgarica fruit and its potential as a therapeutic agent for hypertension.
Cesarean Section, Childhood Health, and Schooling: Quasi‐Experimental Evidence From Denmark, Norway and Sweden
Authors: Rogvi Jessica á , Bütikofer Aline , Krebs Lone , Mühlrad Hanna , Wüst Miriam
Published: November 2024

Despite being one of the most common surgical procedures in industrialized countries, there is limited causal evidence on the long‐term consequences of Cesarean section (CS). We study the impacts of CS on health during ages 1–12 years and human capital outcomes at age 16 years, using exogenous variation in the probability of receiving a CS for breech births at term—a group with high CS risk. We use administrative data from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden to show that preventing complicated vaginal births benefits health at birth and reduces the number of all‐cause hospital nights during childhood. Our findings for childhood diagnoses for asthma, allergies, diabetes mellitus type 1, and school outcomes are imprecise and do thus not lend strong support for prominent hypotheses on CS causing long‐term immune dysfunction disorders and, thereby, worse human capital outcomes.
Managers’ Experience of the Response of the Health System to the Covid‐19 Pandemic for Inpatient Geriatric Care: Lessons About Organisation and Resilience
Authors: Uvhagen Håkan , Tolf Sara , Carlsson Karin Solberg , Øvretveit John , Flink Maria , Sparring Vibeke
Published: November 2024

Background

Effective management of crises is a major challenge for healthcare organisations and their managers. Research suggests that to respond to evolving and unpredictable crises, such as the Covid‐19 pandemic, an organisation needs the capability to continually adapt to the changing situation using relevant knowledge. However, there are few empirical studies using an organisational resilience perspective to understand how a health system responds to this type of crisis. This study aimed to describe managers' perspectives on what influenced the response to the Covid‐19 pandemic in the Region Stockholm healthcare system for older people.

Methods

Data collection was conducted through in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with assistant managers (n = 3) and managers of inpatient geriatric services outside of acute care hospitals (n = 8), managers of three acute care hospitals (n = 3); and the crisis management team for geriatric services (n = 3). Data was analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Crisis management of geriatric care in the Stockholm healthcare system during the Covid‐19 pandemic's first 15 months was influenced by a combination of service specific aspects, ‘Internal flexible responses’, collaborative aspects, ‘Coordination within the system’, and governance aspects ‘Adaptive steering’.

Conclusions

This study contributes to empirical knowledge about organisational resilience. Managers' responses are facilitated when the governance allow them more flexibility in their internal responses and enable their cross‐organisational collaboration. A coordinating function across healthcare services is an important enabler in a crisis when the function has well‐established, trustful prior collaborations with the services.
Analysis of risk factors for very early preterm and early preterm birth in twins following in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection–assisted pregnancy: A retrospective study
Authors: Yu Huaying , Zhang Songying , Chen Bin , Wei Minling , Xu Aike , Zhou Feng
Published: November 2024

To investigate the risk factors influencing very early preterm and early preterm births in twin pregnancies after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). This retrospective study analyzed 2042 twin pregnancies that underwent embryo transfer via IVF/ICSI at the Reproductive Center of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital between January 2019 and December 2022. Spontaneous very early, early preterm, and provider‐initiated preterm births were examined separately. Based on gestational age, participants were categorized into three groups: very early preterm birth (<28 weeks), early preterm birth (≥28 to <34 weeks), and ongoing pregnancy (≥34 weeks). Univariate analysis was conducted to assess general conditions, among the three groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for very early and early spontaneous preterm birth in twin pregnancies. A total of 2042 twin pregnancies were included in the study, with birth rates of 4.36% (89 of 2042) <28 weeks, 12.14% (248 of 2042) ≥28 to <34 weeks, and 83.50% (1705 of 2042) ≥34 weeks. The primary cause of provider‐initiated preterm birth <28 weeks was placental factors, while hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (31.11%) were the predominant cause for preterm births ≥28 to <34 weeks. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified the independent risk factors for births <28 weeks (P < 0.05) as cervical cerclage, history of late miscarriage or premature birth, uterine adhesions, primary infertility of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), monochorionic pregnancies, history of cervical surgery, uterine malformations, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, and uterine longitudinal axis lengths <3.6 cm. Cervical cerclage, main factors of infertility (PCOS), adenomyosis, and uterine longitudinal axis lengths <3.6 cm were identified as independent risk factors for ≥28 to 34 weeks (P < 0.05). It is crucial to consider risk factors during IVF/ICSI treatment because of the high incidence of very early and early preterm twin pregnancies, which can be identified early and properly managed.
Vascular dysfunction in women with recurrent pregnancy loss: Possible association with antiphospholipid antibodies
Authors: Yang Titi , Okada Emi , Todoroki Maho , Liu Siyu , Athurupana Rukmali , Kataoka Kumie , Kashino Chiaki , Mitsui Takashi , Hasegawa Toru , Kamada Yasuhiko , Masuyama Hisashi , Nakatsuka Mikiya
Published: November 2024

Objective

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are recognized to have a pivotal role in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we assessed the vascular function of women with RPL and examined the association with each type of aPL.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 569 women with RPL and 55 healthy women who had never experienced pregnancy loss were recruited. We performed blood tests for aPL and acceleration plethysmography (APG) to evaluate peripheral vascular function.

Results

The differential pulse wave index (DPI), indicating vascular elasticity, was significantly lower in women with RPL (115.6 ± 4.1) compared to the control group (117.0 ± 2.3). DPI in RPL women with anti‐β2 glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) IgG was significantly lower than those without. Remained blood volume (RBV), indicating post‐vasoconstriction blood content, was significantly higher in RPL women with aβ2GI IgG than in those without. Regression analysis showed aβ2GPI IgG and body mass index (BMI) linked negatively with DPI.

Conclusion

Women with RPL have subclinical vascular dysfunction even at reproductive age. It is possible that aβ2GPI IgG is associated with vascular dysfunction in RPL women.