bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the relationship between the scattering phase function of cirrus and the atmospheric state
Authors: Baran A. J. , Furtado K. , Labonnote L.-C. , Havemann S. , Thelen J.-C. , Marenco F.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. This is the first paper to investigate the relationship between the scattering phase function of cirrus and the relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi), using space-based solar radiometric angle-dependent measurements. The relationship between RHi, and the complexity of ice crystals has been previously studied using data from aircraft field campaigns and laboratory cloud chambers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies to date that explore this relationship, through the use of remotely sensed space-based angle-dependent solar radiometric measurements. In this paper, a case study of semi-transparent cirrus is used to explore the possibility of such a relationship. Moreover, for the first time, RHi fields predicted by a high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) model are combined with satellite retrievals of ice crystal complexity. The NWP model was initialised at midnight, on the 25 January 2010, and the mid-latitude RHi field was extracted from the NWP model at 13:00 UTC. At about the same time, there was a Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectance for Atmospheric science coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL) overpass, and the PARASOL swath covered the NWP model predicted RHi field. The cirrus case was located over Scotland, and over the North Sea. From the satellite channel based at 0.865 μm, the directionally averaged and directional spherical albedos were retrieved between the scattering angles of about 80° and 130°. An ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals is used to predict phase functions that vary between phase functions that exhibit optical features (called pristine), to featureless phase functions. For each of the PARASOL pixels, the phase function that best minimised differences between the spherical albedos was selected. This paper reports a positive correlation between the scattering phase function and RHi. That is, the pristine and completely featureless phase functions are found to be correlated with RHi < 100%, and RHi> 100%, respectively. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the NWP model prediction of the vertical profile of RHi is in good agreement with independent aircraft-based physical retrievals of RHi. Furthermore, the NWP model prediction of the cirrus cloud-top height and its vertical extent is also found to be in good agreement with aircraft-based lidar measurements.
Submicron aerosol source apportionment of wintertime pollution in Paris, France by Double Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF2) using Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) and multi-wavelength Aethalometer
Authors: Petit J.-E. , Favez O. , Sciare J. , Canonaco F. , Croteau P. , Močnik G. , Jayne J. , Worsnop D. , Leoz-Garziandia E.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Online non-refractory submicron Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) measurements in urban areas have successfully allowed the apportionment of specific sources and/or physical and chemical properties of the organic fraction. However, in order to be fully representative of PM pollution, a comprehensive source apportionment analysis is needed by taking into account all major components of submicron aerosols, creating strengthened bonds between the organic components and pollution sources. We present here a novel two-step methodology to perform such an analysis, by taking advantage of high time resolution of monitoring instruments: the Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) and the multi-wavelength absorption measurements (Aethalometer AE31) in Paris, France. As a first step, organic aerosols (OA) were deconvoluted to hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), Biomass Burning OA (BBOA) and Oxygenated OA (OOA) with Positive Matrix Factorization, and black carbon was deconvolved into its wood burning and fossil fuel combustion fractions. A second PMF analysis was then carried out with organic factors, BC fractions and inorganic species (nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, chloride), leading to a~four-factor solution allowing real-time characterization of the major sources of PM1. Outputs of this PMF2 include two dominant combustion sources (wood burning and traffic) as well as semi-volatile and low-volatile secondary aerosols. While HOA is found to be emitted by both wood burning and traffic, the latter sources occurred to significantly contribute also to OOA.
Evaluation of the airborne quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS) measurements of the carbon and greenhouse gas suite – CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO – during the CalNex and HIPPO campaigns
Authors: Santoni G. W. , Daube B. C. , Kort E. A. , Jiménez R. , Park S. , Pittman J. V. , Gottlieb E. , Xiang B. , Zahniser M. S. , Nelson D. D. , McManus J. B. , Peischl J. , Ryerson T. B. , Holloway J. S. , Andrews A. E. , Sweeney C. , Hall B. , Hintsa E. J. , Moore F. L. , Elkins J. W. , Hurst D. F. , Stephens B. B. , Bent J. , Wofsy S. C.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. We present an evaluation of aircraft observations of the carbon and greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO using a direct-absorption pulsed quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS) operated during the HIPPO and CalNex airborne experiments. The QCLS made continuous 1 Hz measurements with 1σ Allan precisions of 20, 0.5, 0.09, and 0.15 ppb for CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO, respectively, over > 500 flight hours on 79 research flights. The QCLS measurements are compared to two vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) CO instruments (CalNex and HIPPO), a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) measuring CO2 and CH4 (CalNex), two broadband non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) spectrometers measuring CO2 (HIPPO), two onboard gas chromatographs measuring a variety of chemical species including CH4, N2O, and CO (HIPPO), and various flask-based measurements of all four species. QCLS measurements are tied to NOAA and WMO standards using an in-flight calibration system, and mean differences when compared to NOAA CCG flask data over the 59 HIPPO research flights were 100, 1, 1, and 2 ppb for CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO, respectively. The details of the end-to-end calibration procedures and the data quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) are presented. Specifically, we discuss our practices for the traceability of standards given uncertainties in calibration cylinders, isotopic and surface effects for the long-lived greenhouse gas tracers, interpolation techniques for in-flight calibrations, and the effects of instrument linearity on retrieved mole fractions.
G band atmospheric radars: new frontiers in cloud physics
Authors: Battaglia A. , Westbrook C. D. , Kneifel S. , Kollias P. , Humpage N. , Löhnert U. , Tyynelä J. , Petty G. W.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Clouds and associated precipitation are the largest source of uncertainty in current weather and future climate simulations. Observations of the microphysical, dynamical and radiative processes that act at cloud scales are needed to improve our understanding of clouds. The rapid expansion of ground-based super-sites and the availability of continuous profiling and scanning multi-frequency radar observations at 35 and 94 GHz have significantly improved our ability to probe the internal structure of clouds in high temporal-spatial resolution, and to retrieve quantitative cloud and precipitation properties. However, there are still gaps in our ability to probe clouds due to large uncertainties in the retrievals. The present work discusses the potential of G band (frequency between 110 and 300 GHz) Doppler radars in combination with lower frequencies to further improve the retrievals of microphysical properties. Our results show that, thanks to a larger dynamic range in dual-wavelength reflectivity, dual-wavelength attenuation and dual-wavelength Doppler velocity (with respect to a Rayleigh reference), the inclusion of frequencies in the G band can significantly improve current profiling capabilities in three key areas: boundary layer clouds, cirrus and mid-level ice clouds, and precipitating snow.
The results of experimental studies of VLF–ULF electromagnetic emission by rock samples due to mechanical action
Authors: Panfilov A. A.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. The paper presents the results of laboratory experiments on electromagnetic emissions excitation (the electric component of electromagnetic fields) by rock samples due to different forms of mechanical stress applications. It was shown that samples generate electric impulses with different spectra when the impact action, gradual loading or dynamic friction is applied. It was ascertained that level and spectral compositions of signals, generated by rock samples, change with an increasing number of hits. It was found that strong electromagnetic signals, generated while rock samples were fracturing, were accompanied by repetitive weak but perceptible variations in the electric field intensity in short frequency ranges.
A note on Taylor's hypothesis under large-scale flow variation
Authors: Wilczek M. , Xu H. , Narita Y.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Experimental investigations of turbulent velocity fields often invoke Taylor's hypothesis (also known as frozen turbulence approximation) to evaluate the spatial structure based on time-resolved single-point measurements. A crucial condition for the validity of this approximation is that the turbulent fluctuations are small compared to the mean velocity, in other words, that the turbulence intensity must be low. While turbulence intensity is a well-controlled parameter in laboratory flows, this is not the case in many geo- and astrophysical settings. Here we explore the validity of Taylor's hypothesis based on a simple model for the wavenumber-frequency spectrum that has recently been introduced as a generalization of Kraichnan's random sweeping hypothesis. In this model, the fluctuating velocity is decomposed into a large-scale random sweeping velocity and small-scale fluctuations, which allows for a precise quantification of the influence of large-scale flow variations. For turbulence with a power-law energy spectrum, we find that the wavenumber spectrum estimated by Taylor's hypothesis exhibits the same power-law as the true spectrum, yet the spectral energy is overestimated due to the large-scale flow variation. The magnitude of this effect, and specifically its impact on the experimental determination of the Kolmogorov constant, are estimated for typical turbulence intensities of laboratory and geophysical flows.
Blowing snow at D17, Adélie Land, Antarctica: atmospheric moisture issues
Authors: Barral H. , Genthon C. , Trouvilliez A. , Brun C. , Amory C.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Three years of blowing snow and meteorological observations have been collected along a 7 m mast at site D17 in coastal Adélie Land, Antarctica. This is a region particularly exposed to katabatic winds. The atmospheric surface layer is often close to saturation because of the sublimation of the airborne snow particles. A systematic dry bias results in atmospheric models that ignore blowing snow and its moistening effects, and in meteorological analyses that use such model. The Crocus snow-pack model, including a parameterization for the erosion of surface snow by wind, reproduces the observed march of snow accumulation and ablation if the observed meteorology is used as input. Because of subsaturation, a 2.5 fold increase in surface sublimation is obtained if analyzed surface air meteorology is used. The sublimation obtained in the Crocus model poorly agrees with the moisture fluxes evaluated using the profile method along the mast. Moisture gradients are very weak, particularly when blowing snow saturates the air, to a point where measurement accuracy is an issue. Using the profile method, the measurement uncertainties are strongly amplified in case of strong wind. In such conditions, a single level bulk parameterization with surface energy balance closure as in the Crocus model is preferred. At D17, more than half of the total snow fall is removed by erosion and sublimation, both at the surface and, mainly, of airborne snow particles.
Economic valuation of water and willingness to pay analysis in tropical fruit production in South-Eastern Spain
Authors: Calatrava Leyva J. , Sayadi S.
Published: June 2014

This paper reports a survey of how 64 tropical fruit growers from the Granada coast of Spain use and value their water resources. This area produces crops of high added value. The agricultural demand for water is ever increasing and is much greater than the actual supply. This problem is worsened by the infiltration of seawater into the aquifers that provide most of the irrigation water for the area. Moreover, the population increases five-fold in the summer due to tourism, further aggravating the problem of water scarcity. Technical innovations, especially the reuse of urban wastewater, and economic solutions, namely increasing the price of water, have been proposed under the European Union Water Framework Directive. The main questions in the survey are described and the responses analysed. The productive, technological and resource management characteristics that determine the growers expressed willingness to pay for the water they use, as well as their attitude towards the use of alternative sources (such as residual water) are examined. Finally, the marginal product value of irrigation water in the area is calculated.
Effects of Regulation (EEC) 2078/92 on citrus growing in Calabria (Italy) and the Region of Valencia (Spain)
Authors: Peris Moll E.M. , Juliá Igual J.F.
Published: June 2014

The aim of this article was to compare the adoption of organic agriculture and integrated pest management practices by citrus growers in Calabria (Italy) and the Region of Valencia (Spain) after the introduction of Regulation (EEC) 2078/92. Citriculture is of great social and economic importance in both these regions. The study examines how the size of the subsidies that producers receive, or the conditions established as part of the regional programs, may lead to very different results even within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy.
Determination of the surplus that consumers are willing to pay for an organic wine
Authors: Brugarolas Mollá-Bauzá M.
M. , Martínez-Carrasco L. , Martínez-Poveda A. , Rico Pérez M.
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study was to estimate the premium price that Spanish consumers are willing to pay for an organic wine with respect to the price of a conventional wine with similar characteristics. To accomplish this aim, contingent valuation has been used, which permits using a survey and a direct estimation of the premium price that consumers are willing to pay. The question format used is dichotomous choice valuation with follow-up questioning. Statistical analysis was carried out using descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression, in such a way that the estimation for both methods has been compared. The premium price has been estimated in three segments of consumers, according to their life style (healthy, concern about environment and concern about food/diet). The main findings show that consumers with a healthy life style are those willing to pay a higher price for an organic wine.
Non-destructive fruit firmness sensors: a review
Authors: García-Ramos F.J. , Valero C. , Homer I. , Ortiz-Cañavate J. , Ruiz-Altisent M.
Published: June 2014

The development of sensors to measure fruit internal quality variables is one of the challenges of post-harvest technology. Several variables can currently be measured, including sugar content, acid content, firmness and internal disorders. This article reviews the state of the art of non-destructive fruit firmness sensors. These include static and on-line sensors that use different technologies for determining force-deformation relationships, impact forces, the acoustic response to vibrations or impacts, and optical properties. The rebound technique and nuclear magnetic resonance is also used. Although many techniques are under development, some companies already market instruments that determine the internal quality of fruit.
Evaluation of local onion lines from Northwest Spain
Authors: Rivera Martínez A. , Fernández Paz J. , Andrés Ares J.L.
Published: June 2014

Traditional onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties are still produced in certain regions of Spain due to their high quality and acceptance in local markets. The evaluation of morphological traits for 18 local northwestern Spanish onion lines showed the existence of three different groups attending exclusively to bulb shape traits and six classes if we consider bulb shape traits as well as skin and flesh colours. There was a positive correlation between storage quality and percentage of dry matter content. The importance of considering well defined descriptors in order to characterize correctly onion germplasm is also discussed in this paper.
Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizas on the growth rate of mist-propagated olive plantlets
Authors: Porras Piedra A. , Soriano Martín M.L. , Porras Soriano A. , Fernández Izquierdo G.
Published: June 2014

The aim of this work was to determine the influence of early inoculation of semi-woody olive cuttings (cv. Cornicabra), cultivated under mist propagation conditions, with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A strongly positive response was seen to root inoculation with the three fungal species tested Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices and G. claroideum both in nursery phase plantlets, and in older plants grown in 5 L pots.
Growth and nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated maize in a semiarid region as affected by nitrogen fertilization
Authors: De Juan Valero J.A. , Maturano M. , Artigao Ramírez A. , Tarjuelo Martín-Benito J.M. , Ortega Álvarez J.F.
Published: June 2014

The main groundwater pollution factor in irrigated maize production areas is leaching of nitrogen below the root zone. During the years 1999-2001, experiments were carried out on irrigated maize in the semiarid region of Castilla- La Mancha to evaluate the effect of nitrogen in the growth and yield of maize. Three rates of nitrogen were tested: No (0 kg N ha-1), Nop (175, 150 and 130 kg N ha-1 in 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively), and Nc (300 kg N ha-1). A high initial level of residual soil NO-3 was found in the spring of 1999 as a consequence of fertilization carryover from the previous years. Although there was no plant response to N fertilization in 1999, significant responses were obtained during the following two years. Moreover, in 2000, the grain production did not show significant differences between Nop and Nc. However, in 2001, maize yield was slightly decreased due to an attempt to decrease the Nop to 130 kg N ha-1, showing significant differences with regard to Nc. The differences in grain yield among nitrogen levels were mainly due to a significant variation in maximum leaf area index, leaf area duration and crop growth rate. There was a decreasing pattern in nitrogen use efficiency values with increasing fertilizer rates, indicating that crop production could be sustained with lower fertilizer applications. Fertilizer practices must be revised in order to control and prevent insofar as possible water pollution in "La-Mancha Oriental" aquifer.
A model for determining efficient portfolio cropping plans in organic farming
Authors: Trinidad Segovia J.E. , Cruz Rambaud S. , García García C. B.
Published: June 2014

This paper proposes a model that helps organic growers choose crops that better adapt to their risk profile and expectations of profit. One of the main advantages of the model is its treatment of uncertainty in this market, in which historical information regarding prices and production is unavailable. The economic approach of this work is inspired in the classic theory of portfolio selection, which assumes that profitabilities follow a beta distribution. Finally, an example of the models use is reported, providing a viability analysis of these cultivation systems from a new point of view.
Short communication. Effect of enzyme addition on the nutritive value of six lupin cultivars with different alkaloid content
Authors: Brenes A. , Marquardt R.R. , Muzquiz M. , Guenter W. , Viveros A. , Arija I.
Published: June 2014

An experiment was conducted to study the effect on chick performance of crude enzyme preparations when added to diets containing six different cultivars of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) seed grown in Canada. The lupin cultivars studied were Pnognus, NL, LAD, Hutterite, Amiga and Brandon. The total alkaloid content of these cultivars was 0.01, 0.02, 0.01, 0.04, 0.01 and 1.42%, respectively. The weight gain and feed consumption of the birds fed the high alkaloid content were reduced significantly (P
Short communication. Inhibition of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae by the essential oils of two wild plants and their emulsifying agents
Authors: Fuselli S.R. , Gende L.B. , Garcia de la Rosa S.B. , Eguaras M.J. , Fritz R.
Published: June 2014

In honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), American foulbrood (AFB) is caused by the infection of the larvae and pupae with the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae. The antibacterial effects of the essential oils of wild camomile (Tagetes minuta L.) and Andean thyme (Acantholippia seriphioides A. Gray) against different strains of P. larvae subsp. larvae were evaluated in vitro. The possible inhibitory effects of two emulsifiers of these oils (propylene glycol and soybean lecithin) were also assessed. Significant differences in antibacterial action were seen between the oils and emulsifiers (P
Notas en torno a la Seguridad Vial: una revisión desde las ciencias sociales
Authors: Dextre Juan Carlos , Cebollada Frontera Àngel
Published: June 2014

En este artículo, se propone una reflexión en torno al concepto de la seguridad vial. La (in) seguridad vial supone un problema de salud pública de primera magnitud a nivel mundial y afecta de forma distinta a territorios y a grupos sociales. A pesar de los esfuerzos de las autoridades locales, nacionales e internacionales para erradicarla, el problema no desaparece y la brecha se agranda. La no-solución no se encuentra sólo en la falta de recursos, sino también en un mal planteamiento del significado del término seguridad vial, en un marco teórico y analítico incompleto y en unas soluciones que no van a los orígenes de los problemas, sino que sólo se quedan en los síntomas. El artículo justifica la necesidad de realizar un cambio conceptual en el análisis y en el tratamiento de la seguridad vial con la incorporación de las ciencias sociales y en donde es fundamental llevar a cabo un análisis sistémico.
La construcción literaria de los paisajes fronterizos. Una reflexión a propósito del Couto Mixto (Galicia y Portugal)
Authors: Paül Carril Valerià , Trillo Santamaría Juan Manuel
Published: June 2014

El presente artículo explora la construcción literaria reciente en torno al antiguo Couto Mixto, una entidad geopolítica singular que pervivió hasta mediados del siglo XIX en la frontera gallego-portuguesa. Desde su desaparición, se produjo un olvido progresivo de su existencia, pero, en las últimas décadas, emerge una recuperación del Couto Mixto en la que la literatura ha desempeñado un papel fundamental, de ahí la pertinencia del trabajo que se lleva a cabo. Para encuadrar la investigación, se parte de un marco teórico que aúna distintas concepciones sobre los paisajes fronterizos. El cuerpo central del artículo dedica al análisis de textos a través de tres núcleos temáticos. Los resultados obtenidos son entonces interpretados en relación con la teoría. En este sentido, se concluye, por un lado, que las obras analizadas posibilitan una extensión social del conocimiento sobre la particularidad histórica del Couto Mixto y, por otro, que se construyen nuevos discursos, incluso imaginados, que permiten fundamentar una alternativa a las narrativas dominantes impuestas por el estado nación.
La producció de l'espai en la modernitat líquida
Authors: Pueyo Ros Josep
Published: June 2014

L’article vol mostrar que el marc teòric de la modernitat líquida, definit per Zygmunt Bauman, pot oferir perspectives i camps d’exploració nous en l’estudi dels fenòmens geogràfics. La divisió de l’espai en tres parts (pràctiques espacials, representació de l’espai i espais de representació), ideada pel sociòleg francès Henri Lefebvre, serà el punt de partida. Per a cada dimensió espacial, s’hi analitza un exemple utilitzant la modernitat líquida com a marc d’anàlisi. Aquests exemples són, successivament: les polítiques de desenvolupament local, la geoweb i els no-llocs com a nous espais simbòlics. Al final de l’article, s’hi valoren les aportacions de la modernitat líquida a l’anàlisi de cadascun dels tres exemples, així com algunes aportacions possibles que el marc de la modernitat líquida podria oferir a l’anàlisi geogràfica.
Roca, Zoran (ed.) (2013). Second Homes Tourism in Europe. Lifestyle Issues and Policy Reponses
Authors: López-Colás Julián
Published: June 2014

Roca, Zoran (ed.) (2013)Second Homes Tourism in Europe. Lifestyle Issues and Policy ReponsesSurrey: Ashgate, 331 p.ISBN 978-1-4094 -5071- 9
Enric Lluch, el mestre
Authors: Benejam i Arguimbau Pilar
Published: June 2014

L’article revisa les aportacions del geògraf Enric Lluch i Martín (Barcelona, 1928-2012) a la renovació pedagògica de Catalunya, tot parant un esment especial a la pròpia formació de l’autor, a la seva dedicació primerenca a l’educació dels infants, a la contribució cabdal que va fer a la configuració del moviment de renovació pedagògica i a la formació dels mestres, així com a la seva llarga dedicació a la docència universitària en el camp de la geografia. El treball ha estat confegit a partir de les declaracions del propi autor estudiat i dels testimonis de persones que el conegueren com a alumnes o que foren col·laboradors seus en les tasques pedagògiques. Bona part d’aquests testimonis són inèdits i han estat aplegats especialment per confeccionar el present treball.
Impacto en el sector turístico de las políticas de desarrollo rural en la Comunidad Valenciana (1991-2013). Análisis de las estrategias de fomento y revitalización del turismo rural
Authors: Pitarch Maria Dolores , Arnandis-i-Agramunt Ruben
Published: June 2014

El alojamiento en los territorios rurales valencianos experimentó un crecimiento importante durante la implantación de las iniciativas Leader, Leader 2 y Leader+, entre 1991 y 2006, así como de los programas Proder y Proder II, entre 1996 y 2006. En la Comunidad Valenciana, alrededor del 30% de las inversiones de Leader y el 16% de las inversiones de Proder se realizaron en alojamientos rurales. Finalizadas estas iniciativas y estos programas, se pone en marcha la estrategia Ruralter (2007-2013). Veinte años son suficientes para hacer un repaso de cómo ha evolucionado la política pública de apoyo al turismo a través de programas e iniciativas de desarrollo rural en la Comunidad Valenciana, así como para comprobar cuáles son sus resultados.
La repetición de visitas en el turismo industrial. Aplicación de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales en el Bages y el Berguedà
Authors: Prat Forga Josep Mª , Díaz Soria Inmaculada
Published: June 2014

En la actualidad, ante la creciente competitividad entre destinos, emerge el turismo cultural como un producto a tener en cuenta. Una de sus manifestaciones es el turismo industrial, que pone en valor turístico el patrimonio industrial de un territorio. Sin embargo, se trata de un tipo de turismo minoritario. Por ello, en este trabajo, a partir de los datos extraídos de una encuesta propia, se propone un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, cuyo análisis, aplicado al caso del turismo industrial en las comarcas catalanas del Bages y del Berguedà, confirma que la satisfacción por la visita realizada, el lugar de procedencia del turista y el origen de la prescripción por la cual se hace la visita son tres variables que influyen, aunque con pesos distintos, en la posibilidad de repetir dicha visita y de aumentar la prescripción del destino, lo que contribuye a un mayor desarrollo del turismo industrial.
Apuntes sobre el desasosiego entre la juventud marroquí. Proyectos migratorios y movilidad interna en Marruecos como antesala de la inmigración internacional
Authors: Capote Alberto
Published: June 2014

El periplo migratorio de los inmigrados marroquíes en España durante la pasada década se inició, muy a menudo, antes de cruzar la frontera. En muchos casos, fue justo esta primera experiencia migratoria en Marruecos la que constituyó el desencadenante definitivo a la hora de tomar la decisión de emigrar al extranjero, expresión además del desasosiego de gran parte de la juventud marroquí ante las oportunidades que les ofrece su sociedad. En este artículo, analizamos los proyectos migratorios de partida de una muestra de jóvenes marroquíes inmigrados en Andalucía, haciendo especial hincapié en aquellos casos en los que se detecta una estrecha articulación entre la emigración al extranjero y las migraciones internas en Marruecos. Para ello, nos servimos de una investigación empírica realizada en cinco municipios andaluces de las provincias de Córdoba y Granada que ha utilizado métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos.
Identidad, significado y medición de las amas de casa
Authors: Lobera Josep , García Sainz Cristina
Published: June 2014

Cerca de una de cada cinco mujeres mayores de edad se dedica en exclusiva al trabajo doméstico no remunerado en España. El contraste de los datos de dos metodologías distintas para la identificación y medición de esta actividad nos permite constatar la carga ideológica que acompaña al concepto "ama de casa": por un lado, los datos obtenidos por la Encuesta de Población Activa, con una metodología de identificación etic; por el otro, una encuesta realizada a más de once mil personas mayores de edad (de las cuales 5.986 eran mujeres) con una autoidentificación emic. En este trabajo profundizamos en la controversia del uso del concepto "ama de casa" en investigaciones sociales, así como en su pertinencia y límites como identificador de un grupo social.
Liderazgo y género: Análisis de las divergencias conceptuales y sus efectos en la teoría y práctica feminista
Authors: Berbel Sánchez Sara
Published: June 2014

A medida que las mujeres han ido incorporándose a puestos de dirección ha aumentado el interés por su comportamiento en grupos y organizaciones, la eficacia en el desempeño de sus funciones y, sobre todo, sus posibles diferencias con los roles masculinos predominantes hasta la actualidad. En este artículo me propongo mostrar algunos de los conceptos derivados del auge de estas investigaciones, la mutua y constante influencia entre feminismo y academicismo (especialmente en relación al liderazgo, empoderamiento femenino, techo de cristal y abandono de puestos directivos), las divergencias aparecidas entre los estudios psicológicos y los feministas, así como su incidencia final en las prácticas feministas actuales.
Arte, Feminismo y Tecnología. Reflexiones sobre formas creativas y formas de domesticación
Authors: Zafra Remedios
Published: June 2014

En este artículo sobre arte, tecnología y feminismo reivindico el papel de las escrituras y formas de hacer en relación a los discursos, así como la coherencia de dicho posicionamiento en todo ejercicio crítico del feminismo frente al logocentrismo. El texto apoyado en la revisión y modificación de parte del capítulo «Teclear» de mi ensayo (h)adas. Mujeres que crean, programan, prosumen, teclean (2013), se apoya en el análisis crítico y propositivo de algunos de los más habituales «modos de hacer» de la práctica artística feminista y argumenta el interés de dicha práctica creativa por la tecnología y las redes, enfatizando el poder de las elecciones no ya de los medios, sino de las formas creativas frente a las tendencias implícitas, y casi siempre invisibles, a la domesticación; el poder de los ejercicios de resistencia, infiltración, subversión y apropiación crítica frente a la repetición de mundos.
Systémová korupce jako empirický výzkum: případ města Liberec
Authors: Langr Ivan
Published: June 2014

Systemic corruption is not a failure of individuals, i.e. the result of their deviant behaviour, but a collective phenomenon shared mainly by public institutions as a whole. The phenomenon is based on an effort to establish a new set of corrupt norms inside such institutions affecting policymaking, administrative procedures, public procurements, and the behavior of employees etc. In spite of the fact that impacts of systemic corruption on the areas of government, civil freedoms, social cohesion, and public economy are well known, there is very little practical research involving concrete evidence of systemic corruption in particular cases. This paper attempts to clarify how to generate a set of indicators of systemic corruption and then identify and verify them in a real-life political environment – in our specific case, the administration and policymaking of Liberec City Council between 1998 and 2010. The research was based upon elaborated interviews (with politicians, public servants, prosecuting authorities etc.), document analysis (reports and papers of the city council and municipal government, contracts and invoices etc.), and political and media analysis. The results are significant, as only an understanding of how a corrupt system really works can lead to the implementation of suitable anticorruption measures.
Les discours véhiculés dans le champ du partenariat école-famille-communauté : analyse de la documentation scientifique1
Authors: Boulanger Dany , Larose François , Grenier Naomi , Doucet Fabienne , Coppet Mickael , Couturier Yves
Published: June 2014

Cet article vise à circonscrire, d’un point de vue structural, les principes relationnels qui balisent le champ scientifique du partenariat école-famille-communauté. L’analyse lexicométrique d’une série de définitions de ce concept met en évidence ses logiques d’usage. S’y rattache un ensemble d’antinomies repérées dans les discours scientifiques que nous circonscrivons. L’identification des dimensions structurales de ceux-ci met en évidence le caractère monolithique du champ scientifique du partenariat école-famille-communauté et nous amène à proposer une articulation entre ce concept et celui d’engagement parental.
Antiretroviral treatment response of HIV‐infected children after prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission in West Africa
Authors: Ndondoki Camille , Dicko Fatoumata , Coffie Patrick Ahuatchi , Eboua Tanoh Kassi , Ekouevi Didier Koumavi , Kouadio Kouakou , Aka Addi Edmond , Malateste Karen , Dabis François , Amani‐Bosse Clarisse , Toure Pety , Leroy Valériane ,   for the Paediatric IeDEA West African Working Group
Published: June 2014

Introduction

We assessed the rate of treatment failure of HIV‐infected children after 12 months on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in the Paediatric IeDEA West African Collaboration according to their perinatal exposure to antiretroviral drugs for preventing mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study in children younger than five years at ART initiation between 2004 and 2009 was nested within the pWADA cohort, in Bamako‐Mali and Abidjan‐Côte d’Ivoire. Data on PMTCT exposure were collected through a direct review of children’s medical records. The 12‐month Kaplan‐Meier survival without treatment failure (clinical or immunological) was estimated and their baseline factors studied using a Cox model analysis. Clinical failure was defined as the appearance or reappearance of WHO clinical stage 3 or 4 events or any death occurring within the first 12 months of ART. Immunological failure was defined according to the 2006 World Health Organization age‐related immunological thresholds for severe immunodeficiency.

Results

Among the 1035 eligible children, PMTCT exposure was only documented for 353 children (34.1%) and remained unknown for 682 (65.9%). Among children with a documented PMTCT exposure, 73 (20.7%) were PMTCT exposed, of whom 61.0% were initiated on a protease inhibitor‐based regimen, and 280 (79.3%) were PMTCT unexposed. At 12 months on ART, the survival without treatment failure was 40.6% in the PMTCT‐exposed group, 25.2% in the unexposed group and 18.5% in the children with unknown exposure status (p=0.002). In univariate analysis, treatment failure was significantly higher in children unexposed (HR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0–1.9) and with unknown PMTCT exposure (HR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2–2.1) rather than children PMTCT‐exposed (p=0.01). In the adjusted analysis, treatment failure was not significantly associated with PMTCT exposure (p=0.15) but was associated with immunodeficiency (aHR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.4–1.9; p=0.001), AIDS clinical events (aHR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0–1.9; p=0.02) at ART initiation and receiving care in Mali compared to Côte d’Ivoire (aHR 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0–1.4; p=0.04).

Conclusions

Despite a low data quality, PMTCT‐exposed West African children did not have a poorer 12‐month response to ART than others. Immunodeficiency and AIDS events at ART initiation remain the main predictors associated with treatment failure in this operational context.
Cell autonomous regulation of hippocampal circuitry via Aph1b-γ-secretase/neuregulin 1 signalling
Authors: Fazzari Pietro , Snellinx An , Sabanov Victor , Ahmed Tariq , Serneels Lutgarde , Gartner Annette , Shariati S Ali M , Balschun Detlef , De Strooper Bart
Published: June 2014

Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and the γ-secretase subunit APH1B have been previously implicated as genetic risk factors for schizophrenia and schizophrenia relevant deficits have been observed in rodent models with loss of function mutations in either gene. Here we show that the Aph1b-γ-secretase is selectively involved in Nrg1 intracellular signalling. We found that Aph1b-deficient mice display a decrease in excitatory synaptic markers. Electrophysiological recordings show that Aph1b is required for excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity. Furthermore, gain and loss of function and genetic rescue experiments indicate that Nrg1 intracellular signalling promotes dendritic spine formation downstream of Aph1b-γ-secretase in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the physiological role of Aph1b-γ-secretase in brain and provides a new mechanistic perspective on the relevance of NRG1 processing in schizophrenia.
Oxidation of cellular amino acid pools leads to cytotoxic mistranslation of the genetic code
Authors: Bullwinkle Tammy J , Reynolds Noah M , Raina Medha , Moghal Adil , Matsa Eleftheria , Rajkovic Andrei , Kayadibi Huseyin , Fazlollahi Farbod , Ryan Christopher , Howitz Nathaniel , Faull Kym F , Lazazzera Beth A , Ibba Michael
Published: June 2014

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases use a variety of mechanisms to ensure fidelity of the genetic code and ultimately select the correct amino acids to be used in protein synthesis. The physiological necessity of these quality control mechanisms in different environments remains unclear, as the cost vs benefit of accurate protein synthesis is difficult to predict. We show that in Escherichia coli, a non-coded amino acid produced through oxidative damage is a significant threat to the accuracy of protein synthesis and must be cleared by phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase in order to prevent cellular toxicity caused by mis-synthesized proteins. These findings demonstrate how stress can lead to the accumulation of non-canonical amino acids that must be excluded from the proteome in order to maintain cellular viability.
THE RIGHTS OF EVERY PERSON IN ACTUAL OCCUPATION: AN ENQUIRY INTO SECTION 70(1)(g) OF THE LAND REGISTRATION ACT 1925
Authors: TEE LOUISE
Published: July 2002

The writer considers the scope and application of the present statutory provision, and discusses possible alternative approaches. She begins by examining the meaning of the word “rights”, and examines the difficulties and inconsistencies in the way the word has been interpreted by the courts. She then considers possible statutory amendment, from abolition, or restriction, to, more controversially, an extension to encompass all rights related to the land, whether personal or proprietary, other than those requiring personal skill or confidence. She suggests that such a widening of the scope of the provision would be conducive to certainty, fairness and comprehensiveness. The second part of the article examines the concept of occupation, and traces the judicial approaches to this requirement. Possible statutory amendment is then considered. The article concludes that the scope of the section should be widened, but that the qualifying occupation should be apparent as well as actual.
ROLE OF INDIGO IN IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF RAINFED LOWLAND RICE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS
Authors: AGUSTIN E. O. , ORTAL C. I. , PASCUA JR S. R. , STA. CRUZ P. C. , PADRE A. T. , VENTURA W. B. , OBIEN S. R. , LADHA J. K.
Published: July 2002

A long-term field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of indigo (Indigofera tinctoria) on the productivity of rainfed lowland rice-based cropping systems: rice–tomato, rice–tobacco or soyabean, rice–maize, and rice–garlic. Indigo was grown as an intercrop during the dry season and incorporated as green manure for wet season rice. Dry season crop yields were generally not affected by the indigo intercrop but indigo green manure had a positive effect on rice yields. At the same level of nitrogen (N) inputs, indigo-N produced higher yields than urea-N which may be due to high inorganic N losses.
Growth temperature and genetic variability of wing
dimensions in Drosophila: opposite trends in two sibling
species
Authors: IMASHEVA ALEXANDRA G. , MORETEAU BRIGITTE , DAVID JEAN R.
Published: July 2002

Thirteen linear wing dimensions were measured in 10 isofemale lines of Drosophila melanogaster
and D. simulans grown at seven constant temperatures from 12 to 31 °C. Within-line
(environmental) variability, estimated by the within-line coefficient of variation (CVw), exhibited
similar variation patterns in the two species, that is higher values at extreme (low or high)
temperatures. The magnitude of variation was, however, greater in D. simulans, which appears to
be more responsive to thermal change. A clear hyperbolic relationship between trait mean value
and CVw was also observed in both species, arising from measurement errors which are relatively
more pronounced on shorter traits. Genetic variability was analysed by considering both the
genetic CV (CVg, evolvability) and isofemale line heritability (intraclass correlation). Both
parameters provided independent information, as shown by a lack of correlation between them.
Moreover, CVg was negatively correlated with trait mean value, while heritability showed a
positive correlation. With respect to thermal environment, both parameters exhibited similar
reaction patterns which contrasted the two species. Genetic variability in D. melanogaster followed
a convex reaction norm, with higher values at extreme (high or low) temperatures, and this
observation agrees with previous independent investigations. Surprisingly, D. simulans revealed an
opposite pattern, with a maximum genetic variability in the middle of the range. Such data point
to the danger of drawing general conclusions from the analysis of a single species.
Age and geometry of an aborted rift flank collapse:

the San Andres fault system, El Hierro, Canary Islands
Authors: DAY S. J. , CARRACEDO J. C. , GUILLOU H.
Published: July 2002

The catastrophic slope failures and landslides that occur in the

final stages of lateral collapses of

volcanoes destroy much of the evidence for precursory deformation and the

early stages of the collapses

concerned. Aborted or incomplete collapse structures, although rare, are

rich sources of information on

these stages of development of catastrophic collapses. The San Andres

fault system, on the volcanic island

of El Hierro, is a relatively young (between about 545 and about

261–176 ka old) but inactive lateral

collapse structure. It appears to represent an aborted giant landslide.

It is developed along the flank of a

steep-sided volcanic rift zone, and is bounded by a discrete strike-slip

fault zone at the up-rift end, closest to

the centre of the island. This geometry differs markedly from that of

collapse structures on stratovolcanoes

but bears some similarities to that of active fault systems on Hawaii.

Although the fault system has undergone

little erosion, cataclasites which formed close to the palaeosurface

are well exposed. These cataclasites

are amongst the first fault rocks to be described from volcano lateral

collapse structures and include the

only pseudotachylytes to have been identified in such structures to

date. Their development at unusually

shallow depths is attributed to large movements on the fault in a

single event, the inferred aborted landslide,

and a lack of pressurized pore water. The absence of pressurized fluids

in the slumping block may have

caused the San Andres fault system to cease moving, rather than develop

into a giant volcanic landslide. The

recognition that the San Andres fault system is inactive greatly

reduces the estimated volcanic hazard associated

with El Hierro. However, the lack of evidence for precursory deformation

prior to the aborted landslide

event is disturbing as it implies that giant lateral collapses can

occur on steep-sided oceanic islands with little warning.
Putnam’s inequality for p-hyponormal n-tuples
Authors: CHŌ MUNEO , HURUYA TADASI
Published: July 2002

Dedicated to the memory of Professor Katsutoshi Takahashi

In this paper, we introduce p-hyponormal tuples in the sense of D. Xia. Furthermore we extend Putnam’s inequality to these tuples and show an equivalence relation of two spectra.
BEYOND POST-REVISIONISM? THE CIVIL WAR ALLEGIANCES OF

THE MINERS OF THE DERBYSHIRE ‘PEAK COUNTRY’
Authors: WOOD ANDY
Published: July 2002

This essay challenges the established interpretation of the political

allegiances of the

miners of north-west Derbyshire. It shows that, far from being dominated

by parliamentarian and

puritan ideas in 1642, the miners were deeply divided in their response

to the war. Both the king and

the parliament were able to recruit troops from amongst the miners

throughout the first civil war.

From this, a broader critique of recent historical work on popular

politics and popular allegiances

before and during the English Revolution is mounted. It is argued that

‘post-revisionist’ and

Marxian historians have deployed overly schematic and deterministic

models of allegiance which

frequently fail to reflect the complexity of popular responses to war

and revolution in England in the 1640s.
POLITICS AND POLITICAL HISTORY IN THE
TUDOR CENTURY
Authors: ALFORD STEPHEN
Published: July 2002

Recent writing on the Tudor century emphasizes the importance to the history of
politics of the study of political processes. Tudor historians are, for the most part, less willing than
hitherto to describe bureaucracies or institutions of government, and more concerned to present politics
as something dynamic rather than static. Although their work remains rooted in the archives, Tudor
specialists are increasingly receptive to the significance of (for example) political language,
iconography, and literature. This article examines a number of recent contributions, in the context of
post-war Tudor historiography. It accepts that the insights of other disciplines can enhance the study
of sixteenth-century politics, and welcomes the intellectual and cultural turn in recent writing, but
maintains that Tudor culture is not always being reconstructed with the sensitivity it needs.