bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Authors: Sumaiya Naili
Published: January 2021

Ijtiha>d yang sudah digariskan oleh Nabi saw. di masa beliau, kemudian menuntut para sahabat setelah Nabi saw. wafat untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah yang terjadi dalam masyarakat yang tidak secara langsung dijelaskan dalam al-Quran dan berlanjut hingga zaman sekarang ini sebagai upaya perumusan hukum yang sistematis merupakan jalan yang ditempuh untuk mengistinbathkan hukum syari’at dalam berbagai persoalan yang muncul. Perkembangan Ijtiha>d dalam sejarah hingga masa sekarang ini perlu dijadikan bahan perbandingan untuk melihat model Ijtiha>d pada masa-masanya hingga keberadaan taqlid di dalamnya. Sebagaimana kita mengatahui bahwa fiqh adalah ilmu fleksibel yang dapat berkembang seiring perkembangan zaman, tempat, keadaan, dan adat. Sehingga para mujtahid hingga masa sekarang ini harus mampu memecahkan masalah yang muncul. Penjabaran dalam arttikel ini menemukan bahwa terjadinya kontinuitas dan diskontinuitas antara ijtiha>d dan taqlid hingga model ijtiha>d baru yang terbatas pada imam mazhab masing-masing yang terjadi di zaman sekarang ini yang dapat dilihat dalam bentuk ijtiha>d intiqa’I dan model ijtiha>d baru yang belum ada pendapat terdahulu atau ijtiha>d insya’i.
IMPLEMENTASI QANUN LKS MELALUI SINERGI PERBANKAN DALAM SATU KEPEMILIKAN
Authors: M. Aditya Ananda
Published: January 2021

Abstrak

Lahirnya qanun lembaga keuangan syariah berimplikasi lembaga keuangan syariah yang beroperasi di Aceh untuk mengkonversi kegiatan usahanya dari konvensional menjadi kegiatan usaha syariah. Dalam merespon qanun ini, bank syariah melakukan sinergi perbankan dalam satu kepemilikan dalam bentuk layanan syariah bank umum (LSBU). Diantara bank umum yang membuka layanan syariah bank umum ialah PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia, PT Bank Negara Indonesia, dan PT Bank Mandiri yang telah memiliki anak usaha dalam bentuk bank umum syariah. Layanan syariah Bank Umum ini berlandaskan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan no. 28 /POJK.03/2019 tentang Sinergi Perbankan dalam satu kepemilikan untuk pengembangan Perbankan Syariah.

Kata Kunci: LSBU, Qanun LKS, Sinergi Perbankan

 

Abstract

The birth of Islamic financial institutions qanun has implications for Islamic financial institutions operating in Aceh to convert their business activities from conventional to sharia business activities. In response to this qanun, sharia banks synergized banks in one ownership in the form of sharia bank commercial services (LSBU). Among the commercial banks that open sharia services are PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia, PT Bank Negara Indonesia, and PT Bank Mandiri, which already have subsidiaries in the form of sharia commercial banks. This Sharia Commercial Bank service is based on the Financial Services Authority Regulation no. 28 /POJK.03/2019 concerning Banking Synergy in one ownership for the development of Islamic Banking.

Keywords: LSBU, Qanun LKS, Banking Synergy
Pengembangan dan Penerapan Rekam Medis Elektronik (RME) dalam Memantau Insiden Hipertensi Telaah Jurnal
Authors: Apriyani Santi , Herawati Tuti
Published: January 2021

Pendahuluan: Rekam Medis Elektronik (RME) mulai diterapkan di pelayanan kesehatan untuk mendeteksi dan memonitoring suatu penyakit dan  perlu dikembangkan secara luas. Peningkatan kualitas kesehatan menjadi outcome dari pelayanan kesehatan.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Memberikan gambaran hasil telaah jurnal tentang pengembangan penerapan Rekam Medis Elektronik (RME) untuk memantau insiden Hipertensi. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan metode telaah jurnal dari online database : J-Stors, Science Direct, Clinical Key dan Pro-Quest dengan kata kunci Nursing Informatics, Electronic Health Record, Hypertension, Monitoring Hypertension, Monitoring Blood Pressure Hasil:  Dari hasil telaah 10 jurnal pilihan, disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan RME bisa digunakan secara luas diantaranya  memonitoring penyakit hipertensi atau mendeteksi penyakit akibat hipertensi. Penggunaan fitur algoritma secara otomatis, penggunaan anotasi dan monitoring yang terhubung dengan tempat tinggal pasien adalah bagian dari pengembangan dan pemanfaatan system RME Kesimpulan: Pemanfaatan RME bisa digunakan untuk memonitoring penyakit hipertensi, mendeteksi penyakit akibat hipertensi dan mencegah kejadian rehospitalisasi.Kata Kunci: Informatika Keperawatan, Rekam Medis Elektonik, Hipertensi, Pemantauan Hipertensi, Pemantauan tekanan darah
The Construction of Plant Expression Vector harbouring Carica Papaya L. WRKY Gene in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bakar Fauziah Abu , Paramalingam Pavitra , Hasan Kamariah
Published: January 2021

Carica papaya is a well-liked and economically important fruit with outstanding nutritional and medicinal values. Its susceptibility to abiotic stress which affects the growth and harvest, causes significant yield loss to farmers. In recent years, significant progress has been made to understand the genes that play critical roles in abiotic stress response, especially some transcription factor (TF) encoding genes. Among all TFs, WRKY TF gene family is one of the best-studied TFs involved in various stress responses. To date, only limited information on functionally characterised WRKY TFs is available for C. papaya. The aim of this study was to produce a recombinant construct harbouring WRKY gene in pGEM®-T Easy cloning vector. The presence of a DNA band of the expected size of 465 bp on agarose gel electrophoresis indicated that WRKY gene was successfully amplified from all treated samples. DNA sequencing analysis revealed that the amplified sequence isolated from the treated samples were closely related to Carica papaya species with 97% similarity. Following transformation, 4 out of 5 colonies that were randomly selected showed the WRKY gene had been successfully inserted into pGEM®-T Easy vector and transformed into E. coli. In future, the WRKY gene from pGEMT-WRKY recombinant construct will be cloned into the plant expression vector pCAMBIA 1304 prior to transformation in the plant. The success of demonstrating the WRKY gene towards the response in abiotic stress will enable us to produce stress tolerant transgenic crops under unfavourable conditions via genetic engineering for sustained growth.
Isolation and Characterisation of Thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis SUNGC2 as Producer of α-Amylase from Malaysian Hot Spring
Authors: Msarah Marwan Jawad , Firdose Ayesha , Ibrahim Izyanti , Aqma Wan Syaidatul
Published: January 2021

Screening of new source of novel and industrially useful enzymes is a key research pursuit in enzyme biotechnology. The study aims to report the characteristics of novel thermophilic microorganisms isolated from Sungai Klah (SK) Hot Spring, Perak, Malaysia, that can produce α-amylase. The morphological and biochemical properties were examined for SUNGC2 sample. The isolate was further screened for amylase, followed by 16S rRNA and analytical profile index (API) test. This isolate was further subjected to pH optimisation for α-amylase production. It was found that SUNGC2 was an α-amylase producer and was identified as Bacillus licheniformis SUNGC2 with NCBI accession numbers MH062901. The enzyme was found to exhibit an optimum temperature of 50°C and a pH of 7.0. The relative activity of the enzyme was obtained based on the improvement of the culture conditions. The highest amount of amylase production was 24.65 U/mL at pH 7.0, consecutively the growth was also highest at pH 7.0 with a 9.45-fold increase in specific activity by ammonium phosphate precipitation of 80% (w/v). The results showed that the bacteria isolated from the hot spring are a significant source of thermophilic enzymes that are highly promising in biotechnology.
Integrated Braking Force Distribution for Electric Vehicle Regenerative Braking System
Authors: Ghazali Anith Khairunnisa , Hassan Mohd Khair , Radzi Mohd Amran Mohd , As’arry Azizan
Published: January 2021

The automotive industry has made a significant contribution to everyday life by fulfilling society’s mobility needs. Traditionally, electric vehicles (EV) were introduced as an alternative to the traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) to reduce the emission, which improves air quality. The regenerative braking system (RBS) technology is increasing rapidly as an alternative energy-saving solution instead of using the conventional fossil fuel process. In addition, conventional braking creates energy loss because it produces unnecessary heat during braking. Therefore, (RBS) was deliberately designed to solve these drawbacks. Several researchers have found an efficient way to recover regenerative energy, but do not pay enough attention to state-of-the-art (SOC), motor performance and overall performance. This paper designs a new braking force distribution that introduces integrated braking by combining the default ADVISOR and the new parallel braking distribution to improve the SOC battery for three driving cycles. The design of the braking part was based on the braking force distribution of vehicle speed, consisting mainly of friction and regenerative braking ratio allocation in parallel form. The suggested delivery method is evaluated by simulation and shows that the overall performance and battery life are increased. The proposed method was experimentally evaluated using ADVISOR Matlab for the efficiency and final state of the battery.
Parameters Optimization in Compression Molding of Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Cellulose Nanofiber Bio-nanocomposites by using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Sharip Nur Sharmila , Ariffin Hidayah , Andou Yoshito , Bahrin Ezyana Kamal , Jawaid Mohammad , Tahir Paridah Md , Ibrahim Nor Azowa
Published: January 2021

Conventional UHMWPE molding involves long pressure holding duration, nevertheless in the presence of filler such as cellulose nanofiber (CNF), this may contribute to filler degradation. This study optimized the compression molding parameters of UHMWPE/ CNF bio-nanocomposite by using response surface methodology (RSM) in consideration of temperature, pressure and duration as variables. An optimal processing condition of 180°C, 15 MPa, and 20 minutes contributed to more than 80% desirability with tensile strength, yield strength, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus values of 22.83 MPa, 23.14 MPa, 487.31%, and 0.391 GPa, accordingly. Mechanical properties of UHMWPE/CNF bio-nanocomposites molded at optimized processing conditions were comparably similar to those prepared at conventional processing condition, and with the advantage of having shorter processing time. The results presented herewith provides insight towards a more practical approach for UHMWPE/CNF bio-nanocomposites consolidation process.
Reducing Attribute Non-Attendance Risk in Choice Experiment: An application of Design Attribute Relative Importance Index for Waste Management Service Provision in Segmented Markets
Authors: Adam Shehu Usman , Sidique Shaufique F. , Shamsudin Mad Nasir
Published: January 2021

Attribute non-attendance is an estimation problem that biases welfare estimates in the economic valuation of environmental goods when choice experiment (CE) is used. The potential for observing the problem is increased when segmented markets with dissimilar preferences exist for environmental goods but not captured in the experimental design for CE. The current procedure for avoiding this problem relies on qualitative techniques, which limits applications to large samples and thus prone to bias. To reduce such bias, this study used an alternative technique based on the design-attribute relative importance index (DARII) to determine respondents’ prioritization of attributes within and across markets. Our results in solid waste management services demonstrate that all selected attributes were highly ranked across markets. While such finding conforms to expectations based on the interview, we found a statistically significant difference in attributes prioritization across markets. We thus conclude that assuming equal priority for attributes in different market segments may be improper but possibly tangled when the qualitative method is used. As such, the study recommends CE studies to use DARII before the experimental design stage.
Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation
Authors: Knotek W. Ladd
Published: January 2021

Abstract.—The Blackfoot River restoration endeavor is an ongoing collaborative, comprehensive, and successful river conservation story in western North America. This chapter describes the restoration framework and process that shaped the first 30 years of this wild trout conservation story. The program began in the late 1980s when fish population surveys identified widespread habitat degradation and depleted numbers of wild trout throughout lower elevations of the Blackfoot River basin and the precarious status of migratory native trout. These initial findings triggered basinwide protective angling regulations for native trout, followed by fish population surveys in all streams. Fisheries data were then combined with basinwide aquatic habitat assessments to facilitate a collaborative multiscale restoration methodology to improve the ecological integrity of the river and its tributaries. Elements of the restoration framework included (1) basin-scale fish and habitat data collections that helped to identify human-induced limiting factors and promote landowner education/cooperation, (2) pilot restoration projects and prioritizations of tributary restoration work, (3) the site-specific integration of passive restoration (e.g. grazing and revegetation) and active restoration (e.g. fish screens, channel reconstruction) techniques, (4) the application of the reference reach concept within the restoration framework, and (5) the essential role of watershed groups in fundraising, implementation planning, and watershed-scale conservation easement protection, especially on private ranchlands. Finally, this chapter summarizes programmatic elements, specific case studies, and restoration techniques that preceded wild trout population expansion in the tributaries and main-stem Blackfoot River. The purpose of this chapter is to help others understand how we approached and implemented a major watershed restoration program.
VISUAL AID SYSTEM BASED ON IMAGE MATCHING AND ULTRASOUND SENSOR PRINCIPLES FOR BLIND PERSONS
Authors: DHANSHRI A. , KASHWAN K. R.
Published: January 2021

Navigation systems have been used for quite a long to support human perception of surrounding environment beyond reach of eyes. The same concept has also been applied to aid the people who are limited with the vision. Many electronics gadgets are developed to improve the vision perception of blind people. The electronic devices available for the aid of blinds are often complex, needs training sessions and come at much higher cost. This research aims at finding a reliable and easy to implement solution for visually challenged persons at a very small cost. This paper is an effort to report a comprehensive method to design, characterize and test electronics system based on image matching, radar and ultrasound sensor principles for the aid of blind persons. The simulation results showed good accuracy for identifying objects. Simulations were carried out in MATLAB and images of test objects were acquired by using NI-LabVIEW platform. The main objectives were to acquire an image of obstacle, identify it, measure a distance from current location and finally convert text into synthesized voice. Finding is expected to be supportive to the vision affected people.
A LOW POWER NEW DATA COMPRESSION ALGORITHM FOR WIRE/WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING K-RLE
Authors: KRISHNAN V. , TRINADH R.
Published: January 2021

In this project, we propose and evaluate a new data compression algorithm inspired from Run Length Encoding called K-RLE which means RLE with a K-Precision. This increases the ratio compression compared to RLE. In order to improve the compression results with different statistics of data sources. Here we want to introduce in-network processing technique in order to save energy. In-network processing techniques allow the reduction of the amount of data to be transmitted. The well known in-network processing technique is data compression and/or data aggregation. Data compression is a process that reduces the amount of data in order to reduce data transmitted and/or decreases transfer time because the size of the data is reduced.
OFFLINE SIGNATURE VERIFICATION BASED ON GLCM
Authors: BABU P. NAGENDRA , SAGAR K.CHAITHANYA , REDDY A.SURENDRA
Published: January 2021

Several papers have recently appeared in the literature which propose pseudo-dynamic features for automatic static handwritten signature verification based on the use of gray level values from signature stroke pixels. Good results have been obtained using rotation invariant uniform local binary patternsLBP plus LBP and statistical measures from gray levelco-occurrence matrices (GLCM) with MCYT and GPDS offline signature corpuses. In these studies the corpuses contain signatures written on a uniform white “nondistorting” background, however the gray level distribution of signature strokes changes when it is written on a complex background, such as a check or an invoice. The aim of this paper is to measure gray level features robustness when it is distorted by a complex background and also to propose more stable features. A set of different checks and invoices with varying background complexity is blended with the MCYT and GPDS signatures. The blending model is based on multiplication. The signature models are trained with genuine signatures on white background and tested with other genuine and forgeries mixed with different backgrounds. Results show that a basic version of local binary patterns (LBP) or local derivative and directional patterns are more robust than rotation invariant uniform LBP or GLCM features to the gray level distortion when using a support vector machine with histogram oriented kernels as a classifier.
Child Maltreatment Prevention in the Philippines: A Situationer
Authors: Madrid Bernadette J. , Ramiro Laurie S. , Hernandez Sandra S. , Go John J. , Basilio Juanita A.
Published: January 2021

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Enhancing Case Detection of Selected Inherited Disorders through Expanded Newborn Screening in the Philippines
Authors: Padilla Carmencita D. , Aguirre Tomas B.
Published: January 2021

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Silahis ng Kalusugan School for the Chronically-Ill: A Living Legacy
Authors: Alesna-Llanto Emma
Published: January 2021

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Lessons from Implementing a Mass Vaccination Campaign in a Highly-Urbanized City in the Philippines
Authors: Antonio Carl Abelardo T. , Hilario Teresita G.
Published: January 2021

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Effect of Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) Capsules on Lipid and Glucose Levels
Authors: Sandoval Mark Anthony S. , Jimeno Cecilia A.
Published: January 2021

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Smoking Burden in the Philippines
Authors: Punzalan Felix Eduardo R. , Reganit Paul Ferdinand M. , Reyes Eugene B.
Published: January 2021

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The Distribution of Hypertension in the Philippine General Hospital after 4 Decades (A Comparative Study)
Authors: David-Ona Deborah , De Castro Dexter M. , Baltazar Aida C.
Published: January 2021

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Efficiency Status of the Elective Non-Cardiac Surgery Operating Rooms of the Department of Surgery of the Philippine General Hospital
Authors: Lapitan Marie Carmela M. , Buckley Brian S. , Abalajon Donna D. , Cruz Patricia Lorna O. , Raymundo Maria Eliza M.
Published: January 2021

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Factors associated with Patients’ Incomplete Understanding of Prescriptions
Authors: Saranza Gerard Raimon M. , Sumalapao Derick Erl P. , Sia Isidro C.
Published: January 2021

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Cost-Analysis of Universal Newborn Hearing Screening in the Philippines
Authors: Santos-Cortez Regie Lyn P. , Chiong Charlotte M.
Published: January 2021

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Pulmonary Bone Cement Embolism following Pedicle Screw Instrumentation with Bone Cement Augmentation for a Burst Fracture of L1 in a Non-Osteoporotic Spine
Authors: Ignacio Jose Manuel F. , Ignacio Sharon D.
Published: January 2021

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Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Manila Catfish (Arius dispar) from Laguna Lake
Authors: Molina Victorio B.
Published: January 2021

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A Retrospective Study on Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Bacteria in the Philippines from 1999 – 2013
Authors: Lota Maria Margarita M. , Latorre Angelica Anne E.
Published: January 2021

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Velcade® Safety and Effectiveness Study: A Case Series of Seven Filipino Adult Patients Diagnosed with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Baylon Honorata G. , Tolentino Josephine C.
Published: January 2021

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Laboratory Diagnosis of Selected Neglected Parasitic Diseases in the Philippines: Can we do better?
Authors: Belizario, Jr. Vicente Y. , Plan Andrew O. , De Leon Winifreda U.
Published: January 2021

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Preliminary Screening for Microsatellite Instability and Loss of Heterozygosity in the Deleted In Colorectal Cancer (DCC) Gene among Filipino Patients with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Arnante Michael Ernesto S. , Enriquez Ma. Luisa D. , Cao Ernelea P. , Natividad Filipinas F.
Published: January 2021

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Bedside Transthoracic 2D Echo-Guided Blade Atrial Septostomy: First Reported Case in the Philippines
Authors: Cheng Dexter Eugene D. , Magadaeg-Capero Maycibel D.
Published: January 2021

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Clinical Profile of Cerebral Schistosomiasis Patients in the Philippine General Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Rocha Ida Ingrid I. , Dioquino Carissa Paz C.
Published: January 2021

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Meta Analysis: Donepezil in the Treatment of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Patients with Parkinson’s Diseas
Authors: Barcelon Ela A. , Shiong Shu Leah L. , Pasco Paul Matthew D.
Published: January 2021

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The Effect of DOH-PCSI Patient Navigation Access Program for Breast Cancer on Quality of Care at the Medical Oncology Clinic at the Philippine General Hospital: The 1st 6 Months
Authors: Patdu Ma. Pamela D. , Liangco Wilfredo L. , Ngelangel Corazon A. , Guerrero Anna Melissa S. , Ala Ma. Victoria G. , Rosario Rachel Marie B. , Marcaida Romeo V.
Published: January 2021

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Specimen Handling and Tissue Preparation in Pre-analytical Phase of HER2 Testing at Tertiary Referral Hospitals of Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Imperial Marlowe S. , Tanael Susano B. , Avila Jose Ma C. , Tiambeng Ma. Lourdes A.
Published: January 2021

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Assessment of a Public Health Promotion and Education Module at the Graduate Level: A Basis for Revision of Learning Resource Material for Teaching and Training Health Promotion and Education
Authors: Guevarra Jonathan P. , Ramos-Mortel Buenalyn Teresita M. , Gregorio Jr. Ernesto R. , Castillo Eleanor C.
Published: January 2021

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Serologic Characterization of Leptospira among Rats Trapped in Selected Public Markets in Iloilo City, Philippines
Authors: Zamora Pia Regina Fatima C. , Gloriani Nina G.
Published: January 2021

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Prophylactic Intravenous Ketorolac for Prevention of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants < 32 Weeks and < 1500 Grams: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Abat-Senen Kathlynne Anne , Calotes-Castillo Loudella , Mantaring III Jacinto Blas V.
Published: January 2021

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Formulating the National Policy on Telehealth for the Philippines through Stakeholders’ Involvement and Partnership
Authors: Fernandez-Marcelo Portia H. , Ongkeko Jr. Arturo M. , Sylim Patrick G. , Evangelista-Sanchez Alyssa Marie A. , Santos Abby Dariel F. , Fabia Jonathan G. , Nisperos Gene A.
Published: January 2021

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Incidence and Risk Factors of Falls and Fall-Related Injuries at the Medical and Surgical Wards of the Philippine General Hospital
Authors: Javier Juanito S. , Ang-Muñoz Cynthia D. , Abad Lorna R. , Campo Mildred B. , Caro Ruzanne M. , Rafael Evangeline E.
Published: January 2021

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Agreement between Human Voice (“Baah”) Test and Otoacoustic Emissions in Screening of Infants for Binaural Hearing Loss
Authors: Balmores Katrina Anne R. , Chiong Charlotte M. , Llanes Erasmo Gonzalo D.V.
Published: January 2021

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Multiple Primary Pathologies in a Patient with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Carrillo Ryner Jose DC. , Grullo Precious Eunice R.
Published: January 2021

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The Efficacy and Safety of Coenzyme Q10 in Preventing the Progression of Early Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: De Roxas Ranhel C. , Jamora Roland Dominic G.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Coenzyme Q10, also known as Ubiquinone, is a substance now being used as a dietary supplement in many countries including the Philippines. It has also been the focus of several researches as treatment for several diseases including Parkinson’s Disease. Several studies have shown that Coenzyme Q10 inhibits mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease, hence delaying its progression. Objectives. The objective of this study is to assess and summarize the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of Coenzyme Q10 administration in the prevention of the progression of early Parkinson’s Disease. Methods. This is meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the use of Coenzyme Q10 in Parkinson’s Disease. A literature search in several databases was conducted for relevant studies. Three randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. The efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 were measured using the total and the component scores of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale on follow-up. On the other hand, safety were measured using the withdrawal rate and the associated adverse reactions during the therapy of CoQ10. The Review Manager Software was utilized for the meta-analysis. Results. Compared to Placebo, treatment of CoQ10 did not show any significant difference in the mean scores of the UPDRS mental and ADL scores. Interestingly, the UPDRS motor score showed a significant difference between Coenzyme Q10 and placebo, but no significant difference when a subgroup analysis between high-dose (-4.03 [-15.07-7.01], p-value 0.47, I2 67%, P for heterogeneity 0.08) and low-dose Coenzyme Q10 (0.53 [-0.891.94], p-value 0.47, I2 34%, P for heterogeneity 0.22) was done. Overall, there was no significant difference in the total UPDRS score (0.68 [-0.61-1.97], p-value 0.30, I2 0%, P for heterogeneity 0.70). The most common side effects of the use of Coenzyme Q10 are anxiety, back pain, headache, sore throat, nausea, dizziness and constipation. Conclusion. Contrary to some animal and human studies, this meta-analysis showed that the use of CoQ10 results to nonsignificant improvement in all components of the UPDRS scores as opposed to placebo. However, the use of CoQ10 is tolerated and seems to be safe but further studies are needed to validate this finding.
Speckled Pigmentation and Palmoplantar Keratoses Leading to the Mass Detection of Chronic Arsenic Poisoning
Authors: Sy Sheena Maureen T. , Salud-Gnilo Charissa Mia , Nogas-Perez Ella Joy
Published: January 2021

Arsenic is a known human carcinogen and skin manifestations are the earliest and most specific markers of chronic arsenic poisoning. A 43-year-old man from Luzon presented at the Section of Dermatology with a one-year history of hyperkeratotic papules and plaques on the palms and soles. Numerous round hypopigmented macules were scattered on the upper back. Initial 24-hour urine arsenic level was elevated at 288mcg/liter. The patient underwent successful chelation with Nacetylpenicillamine and the palmoplantar keratoses were treated with cryotherapy and topical 20% salicylic acid in white petrolatum. In cooperation with the Department of Health, a comprehensive health and environmental assessment was conducted in the affected communities. This case highlights the role of dermatologists in the diagnosis and management of this public health problem.
A Review of the Results of the Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Analyses for X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy at the Biochemical Genetics Laboratory of the Institute of Human Genetics-National Institutes of Health, Manila
Authors: Fojas Esphie Grace F.
Published: January 2021

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The University of the Philippines College of Medicine: Pioneer in Medical Education Innovations in the Philippines
Authors: Dioquino-Dimacali Coralie Therese C.
Published: January 2021

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Measurement of Anxiety and depression among HIV Patients seen in the Philippine General Hospital using the Hospital Anxiety and depression Scale – Pilipino Version (HAdS-P)
Authors: Gauiran Deonne Thaddeus V. , Samala Kenneth G. , Lim Jodor A. , De Guzman Ma. Lourdes Rosanna E.
Published: January 2021

Background. HIV patients suffer from anxiety and depression but a formal assessment infrequently happens.

Objectives. The study aimed to measure the prevalence of anxiety and depression among HIV patients in UPPhilippine General Hospital.

Methods. This study involving 417 HIV-positive patients used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Pilipino version to identify cases, with stepwise regression analysis for correlation.

Results. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and mixed diagnosis was 10.1% (0.072-0.130), 3.1% (0.014-0.048), and 10.8% (0.078-0.138), respectively. Anxiety was correlated with female sex (OR = 7.82, CI 1.03-59.49), unemployment (OR = 1.76, CI 0.90-3.42), smoking (OR = 1.84, CI 0.89-3.79), homosexuality (OR = 7.64, CI 1.36-42.74), and non-use of protective methods during intercourse (OR = 1.81, CI 0.84-3.93). Depression was correlated with unemployment (OR = 2.79, CI 0.91-8.54) and non-disclosure of status (OR = 3.04, CI 0.79-11.67). Mixed diagnosis was correlated to unemployment (OR = 2.09, CI 1.10-3.96), smoking (OR = 2.14, CI 1.08-4.25), homosexuality (OR = 3.14, CI 0.9210.65), and non-use of protective methods during intercourse (OR = 1.65, CI 0.77-3.53).

Conclusions. Lower prevalence of anxiety and depression among HIV patients was found in this study compared with other countries. There is, however, a need to allocate resources for screening mental health problems in HIV patients.
The Role of L-ornithine-L-aspartate in the Management of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy among Patients with Liver cirrhosis: a Systemic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Henry Winston C. , Naidas Maria Ana Louise M. , Mondragon Karen Anjela M. , Maralit Ruter M.
Published: January 2021

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of L-ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA) in improving minimal hepatic encephalopathy in adult patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods. A search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Medline was made obtaining four qualified randomized controlled trials. Studies included adult cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy measured by the number connection test (NCT-A, B), figure connection test (FCT-A, B), picture completion, block design test, and critical flicker frequency (CFF) testing with a cut-off score of <39Hz. Methodologic assessment of studies was performed using Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.3 for statistical analysis.

Results. Of the 29 studies identified, 4 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, which entailed analysis of 238 participants (LOLA: 116, Control: 122). Three out of the four studies were used in meta-analysis and one study was analyzed separately due to a difference in the neuropsychometric measure. The metaanalysis favored experimental group (LOLA), with a mean difference of 2.29 (95% CI 0.72 – 3.86), p-value = 0.004, and an I2 of 18%.

Conclusion. LOLA provided great potential in managing encephalopathy since treating earlier related to better survival and prevention of disease progression. The results of our study supported such evidence and its use may be encouraged.
HPLC Method for Ethylenethiourea in Biological and Environmental Samples
Authors: Manglicmot-Yabes Ailyn G. , Liwag Edna L. , Panganiban Lynn Crisanta R. , Cortes-Maramba Nelia P.
Published: January 2021

Objective. In view of both the economic importance of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicides in the current agricultural practice and the potential health hazards associated with ethylenethiourea (ETU) exposure, this study aimed to develop and validate a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine ETU in biological and environmental samples.

Methods. The samples were pre-treated according to sample types and were analyzed for ETU using a reversedphase HPLC system (JASCOᴿ) equipped with UV detector set at 230 nm using C18 bonded silica column and a mobile phase of 0.05M ammonium acetate in methanol (95:5).

Results. The method showed a limit of detection of 0.2 ug/L, with a precision of 3.33 to 12.86 %CV and accuracy of >90% at 1, 10 and 100 ug/L of ETU in all sample types. The calibration curve was linear from 1 to 200 ug/L for blood, air and water samples and 1 to 2000 ug/L for urine.

Conclusion. This method showed an acceptable accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity and was used subsequently to determine ETU levels in blood, urine, air, soil and water samples among banana plantation workers.
Seroprevalence of Leptospirosis among Water Buffaloes, Pigs, and dogs in Selected Areas in the Philippines, 2007 to 2008
Authors: Villanueva Sharon Yvette Angelina M. , Baterna Rubelia A. , Cavinta Lolita L. , Yanagihara Yasutake , Gloriani Nina G. , Yoshida Shin-ichi
Published: January 2021

Background. Domestic animals are known to be either maintenance or accidental hosts of Leptospira. Determination of seroprevalence of leptospirosis among these animals is of great importance due to their close association with humans, economic loss as well as the public and veterinary health problems caused by the said zoonosis.

Objective. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among water buffaloes, pigs, and dogs in selected areas in the Philippines.

Methods. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to test for leptospirosis. Testing was done from January 2007 to August 2008.

Results. With the cut-off titer set at 1:80, the MAT-positivity rates were 82%, 67%, and 79% for 190 water buffaloes, 45 pigs, and 106 dogs, respectively. The most common prevailing serovars detected were Hardjo, Tarassovi, and Hebdomadis for water buffaloes; Semaranga, Grippotyphosa, and Patoc for pigs; and, Manilae, Patoc, and Autumnalis for dogs. MAT-positivity rates among these animals in terms of age (except for water buffaloes), sex and sample collection sites were not statistically significant. No Leptospira was isolated from the blood, urine, and kidney samples of these animals.

Conclusion. Results indicate a high seroprevalence of leptospirosis among the animals studied and that several pathogenic leptospires are causing infection in these animals.
Cost of Hospitalization of Different Types of Schistosomiasis Cases in Endemic Areas in the Philippines: Indicating the Need to Increase the Coverage of Government Health Insurance
Authors: Lam Hilton Y. , Rivera Adovich S. , Chua Paul Lester C. , Lopez Jaifred Christian F. , Cheng Kent Jason G. , Palasi Winston A.
Published: January 2021

Background. Schistosomiasis is endemic in the Philippines. Currently, the financial and economic costs of hospitalization due to schistosomiasis have not been studied or analyzed. This will be essential to the review of health benefit package of PhilHealth for schistosomiasis.

Objectives. This study estimated the cost of hospitalization due to schistosomiasis and its complications in the Philippines.

Methods. This is a cross-sectional mixed-methods study. Nine (9) hospitals from schistosomiasis-endemic provinces were included in the study. Medical records and billing statements from year 2013 were retrieved and analyzed. Non-medical costs were calculated based on data from key informants and existing economic data in 2013.

Results. A total of 1,415 hospitalized cases were collected; 94% came from government hospitals. Fifty nine percent (59%) were classified under uncomplicated schistosomiasis. Overall hospitalization costs were PhP 8,489,524.39 (USD 200,006.70), with cases of hepatic complications having the highest costs among all types of cases. Combined nonmedical costs and productivity losses for 5,005 days of hospitalization were PhP 13,019,363.75 (USD 306,726.25).

Conclusion. The estimated clinical cost burden and economic losses due to schistosomiasis in selected sites in the Philippines amount to PhP 21,508,888.14 (USD 506,732.95). Significant drivers of cost were the presence of schistosomiasis sequelae or complications, co-morbidities, and increasing length of stay. Estimated productivity losses and non-medical expenses of patients due to hospitalization were found to be more burdensome than the actual hospital bills. These costs stress the need for government to provide health coverage for patients diagnosed with schistosomiasis.
Estimating the Burden of Dengue in the Philippines Using a Dynamic Transmission Model
Authors: Cheng Kent Jason G. , Lam Hilton Y. , Rivera Adovich S. , Tumanan-Mendoza Bernadette A. , Alejandria Marissa M. , Wu David BC.
Published: January 2021

Objective. This study aimed to describe dengue burden in the Philippines. Specifically, health and economic costs of the disease were estimated.

Methods. A published serotype-specific and age-stratified dengue dynamic transmission model was populated with Philippine-specific dengue epidemiology and cost data. Data were gathered from literature and record reviews. Dengue experts were consulted to validate the model parameters. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the uncertainty of input parameters on model outcomes.

Results. By 2016 to 2020, it is estimated that annually, average hospitalized cases will amount to 401,191 and ambulatory cases will amount to 239,497; resulting to USD 139 million (PhP 5.9 billion) and USD 19 million (PhP 827 million) worth of aggregate costs shouldered by the public payer for hospitalized and ambulatory cases, respectively. Average annual productivity losses may amount to USD 19 million (PhP 821 million) and DALY lost is expected to be 50,622.

Conclusion. The cost of dengue is high especially since the Philippines is an endemic country. Thus, there is a need to optimize government interventions such as vector control and vaccination that aim to prevent dengue infections.
Community-managed Health Programs for Better Health outcomes: Preliminary results of a community Participatory research in Murcia and Isabel, negros occidental, Philippines
Authors: Lam Hilton Y. , Sia Isidro C. , Lopez Jaifred Christian F. , Caragay Ruben N. , Estacio, Jr. Leonardo R. , Co Edna Estifania A. , Madamba Jennifer S. , Abola Regina Isabel B. , Maybituin Charlyn M. , Velasco Dulce Corazon
Published: January 2021

Background. Community-managed health programs (CMHPs) were designed to promote community selfdetermination in addressing health needs, but there is a need to evaluate how CMHPs can lead to better outcomes while accommodating changes in the national health system, which requires analysis of current CMHP interventions, institutional and community readiness, and points of interface with other health facilities.

Objective and Methods. This preliminary study aimed to guide an eventual effort to develop a framework to ensure CMHPs sustainably improve health outcomes. A preliminary analysis of results from a community participatory research was done in which baseline health characteristics, related social determinants, level of involvement of CMHPs with the local government health system, and quality of life were documented through surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews, both in a community with an established CMHP (Murcia, Negros Occidental, Philippines), and a control area without a similar NGO sector (Isabela, Negros Occidental).

Results. There was higher NGO and local government involvement among respondents in Murcia, use of traditional medicine, and sense of awareness of the need to improve the water quality in Murcia, with noted persistence of sanitation concerns, pinpointing the need to assess community participation and the efficiency of CMHPs.

Conclusion. Further study is needed in measuring community participation while considering its underlying cultural and socioeconomic contexts, in order to facilitate planning and implementation of strategies that intend to address community-recognized health needs while sustainably improving health outcomes.
Assessment of the Research Capacity of the Centers for Health Development, Philippine Department of Health
Authors: Tolabing Maria Carmen C. , Palatino Maylin C.
Published: January 2021

Background. In 2012, the Philippine Department of Health (DOH) established the Health Systems Research Management (HSRM). One of the HSRM components is increasing the research capacity of the Centers for Health Development (CHD) which is the regional office of the DOH.

Objective. To determine the research capacity of CHDs and to describe research input, research process, and research output.

Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaire with the Regional Director as the CHD respondent. The research capacity level was determined using rating scale measurement. Based on the ratings, each CHD was assigned a score with the corresponding capacity level: excellent (85-100%); good (70-84%); fair (51-69%); poor (<50%).

Results. Fourteen (82%) of the 17 CHDs participated in the study. The institutional capacity level of the CHDs was poor in the areas of research management (43.0%) and in structure/ organization/ monitoring/ evaluation (30.0%), while it was fair in the area of resource mobilization (54.5%). Research input, research process, and research output were found to be lacking.

Conclusion. The capacity level of the CHDs in the various aspects of institutional research ranged from poor to fair. Specific areas under research input, research process, and research output that need improvement were identified which can be used as benchmark for capacity-building activities and as information-base against which the effectiveness of these activities in the CHDs can be evaluated.
Protein Efficiency Ratio of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) and Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus): A Sprague-Dawley Rat Growth Assay
Authors: Rama Raycha Lei Concess M. , Fabi Jillean Camille Q. , Mateo Generose Christy M. , Catubag Jewel Amor C. , Lozada Lemuel L. , Malimban Rowel C. , Bullecer Ernani R.
Published: January 2021

Objective. This study has been conducted to determine the protein efficiency ratio (PER) of selected indigenous legumes, namely pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), as alternative protein sources.

Methods. Experimental diets (pigeon pea-based and lima bean-based) and control diet (casein-based) were formulated and standardized using proximate analysis to have 10% protein basal diet based on the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) guidelines. Diets were given to corresponding groups (2 experimental, 1 control) using 30 albino Sprague-Dawley weanling rats aged 21 days old, over a 28-day growth assay.

Results. Results showed that the mean final weight and weight gain were significantly higher in rats fed with caseinbased diet (p<0.05 for both parameters) compared to those fed with pigeon pea-based diet and lima bean-based diet. The two experimental groups showed no significant difference between their mean final weights and weight changes (p=1, p>0.05). The PER of the casein (3.37 ± 2.71) is higher than that of the pigeon pea (1.87) and lima bean (1.32). These results can be attributed to the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) in the seeds of pigeon pea and lima bean. Reduced protein intake (due to bitter taste), toxicity, and interference with protein digestibility (through interaction with digestive enzymes) imparted by these ANFs can explain the weight loss among the experimental groups and consequently the low PER. Heat treatment done in the study were not adequate to remove the ANFs.

Conclusion. The study shows that pigeon pea and lima bean as protein sources alone are not as adequate and efficient in providing necessary protein requirements for weanling rats. Proper processing and treatment should be done to remove inhibitors of protein digestibility and quality.
Occupational Noise Exposure of Traffic Enforcers in Selected Streets in the City of Manila
Authors: Dulay Louise Elinor R. , Galvan Ma. Danica Katrina P. , Puyaoan Rio Joana M. , Sison Angel Abraham Y. , Natanauan Nicole S. , Hernandez Paul Michael R.
Published: January 2021

Objective. The study aimed to evaluate the sound pressure levels of selected traffic enforcer sites in the City of Manila.

Methods. A Brüel & Kjær Integrating Sound Level Meter type 2225 was used to measure sound pressure levels in dB(A) to estimate personal noise exposure of traffic enforcers designated at Quezon Boulevard near Quiapo Church and Recto – Rizal Avenue on a weekday and a weekend. Graphs were generated while appropriate measures were calculated for the noise exposure levels. The mean exposure levels were compared with the Philippine Occupational Safety and Health standards by computing the corresponding permissible exposure limit for each work shift using the Equal Energy Principle.17

Results. Noise exposure levels at Quezon Boulevard ranged from 75.0 dB(A) to 91.5 dB(A) with mean noise exposure level of 84.3 ± 3.7 dB(A) and 82.5 ± 2.6 dB(A) for the weekday AM and PM shift, respectively. The mean noise exposure level at Quezon Boulevard for the weekend AM shift was 82.4 ± 2.6, whereas 80.4 ± 2.8 for the PM shift. The noise exposure levels at Recto – Rizal Avenue ranged from 81.5 dB(A) to 99.3 dB(A) with mean noise exposure level of 86.7 ± 2.6 dB(A) and 86.0 ± 2.1 dB(A) for the weekday AM and PM shift, respectively. The mean noise exposure level at Recto – Rizal Avenue for the weekend AM shift was 86.7 ± 2.3, whereas 89.0 ± 4.0 for the PM shift.

Conclusion. The study showed that traffic enforcers designated at Quezon Boulevard and Recto – Rizal Avenue are exposed to noise levels that do not exceed the Philippine Occupational Safety and Health standards.
A Financial Forecasting Exercise on the Child Restraints Market in the Philippines
Authors: Miguel Red Thaddeus DP. , Atienza Wilfrido A. , Rivera Adovich S. , Go John Juliard L. , Quintana Ronaldo O. , Cheng Kent Jason G. , Mamporte Amelyn A. , Candelaria Maria Eleanor L. , Lam Hilton Y.
Published: January 2021

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Metronidazole Susceptibility and TVV-infection of Trichomonas vaginalis from Metro Manila and Angeles City, Philippines
Authors: Justo Christine Aubrey C. , Relucio-San Diego Mary Ann Cielo V. , Rivera Windell L.
Published: January 2021

Background. Metronidazole susceptibility and the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis virus (TVV) are the phenotypes found to be significantly correlated with the microsatellite-based genotypes of T. vaginalis. These phenotypes were assessed in T. vaginalis isolates from select urban areas to determine preliminary “type” of Philippine T. vaginalis.

Methods. Culture and microscopy were used to detect T. vaginalis in vaginal swab samples collected from women attending social hygiene clinics in Metro Manila and Angeles City, Philippines. Screening of TVV on T. vaginalis was performed using RNA gel electrophoresis and RT-PCR. A modified protocol for metronidazole susceptibility assay was used to determine the aerobic minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of metronidazole in axenized T. vaginalis isolates.

Results. A total of 42 T. vaginalis were screened for the presence of TVV and assayed for metronidazole susceptibility. TVV was detected in 13 of the isolates. All but one of the samples was susceptible to metronidazole.

Conclusion. This is the first study to assess the in vitro metronidazole susceptibility of Philippine T. vaginalis isolates. The isolates are generally susceptible to metronidazole even with the presence of TVV. The metronidazole susceptibility and presence of TVV are not enough to classify the isolates into type 1 or type 2.