bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Update zur Frakturprävention nach der Menopause
Authors: Thomasius Friederike , Hadji Peyman
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung. Osteoporose ist eine häufige Erkrankung. Sie ist multifaktoriell und polygenetisch in der Pathogenese sowie klinisch unterdiagnostiziert und untertherapiert. Es sind verschiedene ärztliche Fachgruppen in die Betreuung von Osteoporosepatientinnen eingebunden. «Gate keeper» aller weiblichen Osteoporose Patientinnen sind die Gynäkologen, denn sie sehen die Patientin bei Eintritt der menopausalen Beschwerdesymptomatik, die hinweisgebend für einen akzelerierten Knochenmasseverlust sein kann. Wichtig ist die Planung der Therapie mit verschiedenen Sequenzen, von denen eine die gynäkologisch empfohlene Hormontherapie sein kann. Da es sich bei Osteoporose in den allermeisten Fällen um eine chronische Erkrankung handelt ist eine dauerhafte Therapie und Anbindung der Patientinnen essenziell.
MHT: Wer profitiert? Wer profitiert nicht?
Authors: Neulen Joseph
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung. Eine individuell angepasste MHT unter Berücksichtigung der bekannten Kontraindikationen hat direkte vorbeugende Gesundheitsvorteile. Verbunden mit der Inzidienzreduktion eines Diab. Mell. II ergeben sich darüber hinaus weitere zahlreiche günstige Effekte.
Upper Stratosphere‐Mesosphere‐Lower Thermosphere Perturbations During the Formation of the Arctic Polar Night Jet in 2019–2020
Authors: Lukianova Renata , Kozlovsky Alexander , Lester Mark
Published: September 2021

Thermal and dynamic perturbations in the polar upper stratospheric/mesosphere‐lower thermosphere in the Arctic winter of 2019–2020 as measured by a meteor radar at 67°N, Aura Microwave Limb Sounder and reanalysis are presented. The most severe disturbances occur from late December to mid‐January, while the rest of the winter is relatively stable. Mesospheric winds are dominated by several impulsive increases in the zonal component, an abrupt descent of the wind core and alternating north‐ and south‐ward flow with a period of half a month. Reduced temperature at 90 km height accompanied by thermal inversions is observed in association with upper stratosphere/lower mesosphere warming in the eastern hemisphere. The warming trend is interrupted by a strong cooling in the entire stratosphere‐mesosphere. The upper middle atmosphere appears considerably stratified. High "walls" surround the vortex that is favorable for its stability.
Microscopic Characterizations of Heterogeneous Pores, ITZs, Multiple‐Solids, and Their Impacts on Damage Property of Sandstone by Low‐High Resolution 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Zhou Xiao‐Ping
Published: September 2021

Heterogeneity representations of rocks can bring out large errors due to inaccurate partitions of different phases. This study aims to deeply characterize the microscopic heterogeneity in rocks represented by different phases and to study their effects on damage properties of sandstone. X‐ray μ‐CT imaging with low‐high resolution is applied to capture microstructures information. Digital analysis with statistical models is employed to accurately characterize the heterogeneity. The effects of microscopic heterogeneity on the damage properties are analyzed using the numerical simulations and coupling multiple point statistic‐marching cube three‐dimensional reconstruction algorithm. Results show that the microscopic heterogeneity of sandstone can be effectively characterized by Lorentz distribution model, and model with high resolution shows betterR2values. With increasing segmentation accuracy of microscopic phases, micro‐grain‐2 phase plays decisive roles in determining the compressive strength of sandstone. The microscopic samples S1‐S2 are failed by the mixed modes of transgranular and intergranular failures.
Factors Determining Shear‐Parallel Versus Low‐Angle Shear Band Localization in Shear Deformations: Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Roy Arnab , Roy Nandan , Saha Puspendu , Mandal Nibir
Published: September 2021

Understanding the mechanics of shear localization in materials is a key to interpreting a wide range of failure‐assisted geophysical processes. This paper addresses a crucial problem of shear band formation in ductile shear zones undergoing simple shear movement. We studied ductile shear zones in two geological terrains of Eastern India and observed extensive micro‐ to macro‐scale shear‐parallel deformation bands (C‐bands) in them. However, laboratory‐scale simple shear experiments on wet sand (Coulomb) and putty (viscoplastic) failed to produce C‐bands. They developed shear bands in conjugate sets: low‐angle R1 (10°–15°) and high‐angle R2 (65°–75°) and single sets of low‐angle shear bands (LSB), respectively. These contrasting findings between field and experiments motivate us to address the question‐ under what conditions can shear bands localize parallel to the bulk shear direction? With the help of 2D numerical models, based on viscoplastic rheology, we demonstrate C‐band and LSB formation as two competing mechanisms of shear localization, mediated by a combined effect of the shear zone parameters: geometric (shear zone thickness), kinematic (bulk shear rate) and rheological (bulk viscosity). Finally, two non‐dimensional factors: (a) dynamic (Ω: global shear stress /cohesive strength [Ci]) and (b) geometric (δ: effective thickness [Wc]/total shear zone thickness [W]) are recognized to show the fields of LSB and C‐bands formation. We also provide a theoretical analysis of the shear band orientation as a function of the dynamic and geometric parameters.
Inside Katabatic Winds Over the Terra Nova Bay Polynya: 2. Dynamic and Thermodynamic Analyses
Authors: Guest P. S.
Published: September 2021

Surface fluxes and atmospheric boundary layer budgets of enthalpy and momentum are quantified using bulk and integral methods based on measurements obtained during a research vessel transect across the Terra Nova Bay polynya during an intense late autumnal katabatic wind event. The surface sensible, latent, and net radiation heat fluxes had maximum upward values of 2,500 ± 600, 400 ± 100, and 100 ± 7 Wm−2, respectively, which occurred over open regions that had been cleared of sea ice by the wind stress. In these open areas, sea spray enhanced the sensible and latent heat fluxes (LHFs) by an estimated 106% and 18%, respectively. As sea ice formed on the surface and became thicker in the downwind direction, the sensible and LHFs decreased to 50% of their maximum values over pancake ice and to 5% at the downwind end of the transect, where snow‐covered young ice flows were present. Snow growth removed over 50% of the water vapor that came from the surface. The surface wind stress ranged from mean values of 2.9 Nm−2 in the most upwind regions to 0.9 Nm−2 at the end of the transect, with smaller scale variations of almost a factor of three due to different surface types (roughnesses) and gustiness. The downwind slowing and turning of the wind vector can be almost entirely explained by frictional and inertial forces, indicating the horizontal pressure gradient was weak. This case could serve as a case study for future modeling studies of coastal polynyas.
The Concavity of Submarine Canyon Longitudinal Profiles
Authors: Soutter Euan L. , Kane Ian A. , Hodgson David M. , Flint Stephen
Published: September 2021

Submarine canyons incise continental shelves and slopes, and are important conduits for the transport of sediment, nutrients, organic carbon and pollutants from continents to oceans. Submarine canyons bear morphological similarities to subaerial valleys, such as their longitudinal (long) profiles. Long profiles record the interaction between erosion and uplift, making their shape, or concavity, a record of environmental and tectonic processes. The processes that govern concavity of subaerial valleys and rivers are well documented on a global scale, however, the processes that control submarine canyon concavity are less well constrained. We address this problem by utilizing existing geomorphological, tectonic and climatic datasets to measure the long profiles and quantify the concavities of 377 modern submarine canyons. Key results show that: (1) the dominant control on submarine canyon concavity is tectonics, with forearcs and tectonically active margins hosting the least concave‐up profiles; (2) present‐day canyon position affects canyon concavity, with river‐associated canyons being less concave than canyons currently dissociated from rivers on forearcs; (3) present‐day onshore climate appears to have a more limited impact on submarine canyon concavity when compared to these factors. While significant local variation exists, these results indicate that tectonic processes are the dominant control on the concavity of submarine canyons on a global scale.
Accumbofrontal tract integrity is related to early life adversity and feedback learning
Authors: Kennedy Bryan V. , Hanson Jamie L. , Buser Nicholas J. , van den Bos Wouter , Rudolph Karen D. , Davidson Richard J. , Pollak Seth D.
Published: September 2021

Abuse, neglect, exposure to violence, and other forms of early life adversity (ELA) are incredibly common and significantly impact physical and mental development. While important progress has been made in understanding the impacts of ELA on behavior and the brain, the preponderance of past work has primarily centered on threat processing and vigilance while ignoring other potentially critical neurobehavioral processes, such as reward-responsiveness and learning. To advance our understanding of potential mechanisms linking ELA and poor mental health, we center in on structural connectivity of the corticostriatal circuit, specifically accumbofrontal white matter tracts. Here, in a sample of 77 youth (Mean age = 181 months), we leveraged rigorous measures of ELA, strong diffusion neuroimaging methodology, and computational modeling of reward learning. Linking these different forms of data, we hypothesized that higher ELA would be related to lower quantitative anisotropy in accumbofrontal white matter. Furthermore, we predicted that lower accumbofrontal quantitative anisotropy would be related to differences in reward learning. Our primary predictions were confirmed, but similar patterns were not seen in control white matter tracts outside of the corticostriatal circuit. Examined collectively, our work is one of the first projects to connect ELA to neural and behavioral alterations in reward-learning, a critical potential mechanism linking adversity to later developmental challenges. This could potentially provide windows of opportunity to address the effects of ELA through interventions and preventative programming.
Pre-endodontic restoration of structurally compromised teeth: current concepts
Authors: Gavriil Dimitrios , Kakka Angeliki , Myers Paul , O´Connor Christopher J.
Published: September 2021

Teeth that require endodontic treatment are often structurally compromised and this considerably complicates endodontic procedures. Therefore, pre-endodontic restoration is a key approach that dentists should consider for such teeth. This article discusses current concepts of pre-endodontic restoration, with a focus on adhesive restorative methods and surgical/orthodontic techniques, and provides a relevant decision-making flowchart.
Kirigami-processed cellulose nanofiber films for smart heat dissipation by convection
Authors: Uetani Kojiro , Kasuya Keitaro , Wang Jiahao , Huang Yintong , Watanabe Rikuya , Tsuneyasu Shota , Satoh Toshifumi , Koga Hirotaka , Nogi Masaya
Published: September 2021

Heat dissipation has become increasingly important in electronics. Conventional convection cooling systems have significant material and dimensional constraints, and they have difficulty meeting the heat dissipation, miniaturization, and flexibility requirements of next-generation smart electronics. Here, we used kirigami (the traditional art of paper cutting) with a thermally conductive cellulose nanofiber film to propose a flexible cooling system through convective heat dissipation. By stretching the Amikazari (net decoration) pattern produced by kirigami and allowing air convection through its aperture at 3.0 m/s, the thermal resistance was reduced to approximately one-fifth of that without kirigami and convection. The kirigami apertures defined the outlet air velocity, resulting in a significant increase in the heat-transfer coefficient. Our kirigami heat dissipation concept enables the design of electronics using a variety of film materials as shape-variant cooling structures, which will inspire a wide range of thermal engineering and electronics applications.
Recent cutting-edge strategies for flexible perovskite solar cells toward commercialization
Authors: Han Gill Sang , Jung Hyun Suk , Park Nam-Gyu
Published: September 2021

Flexible perovskite solar cells with high specific power per weight and reliability are promising photovoltaic power sources for various future electronic devices such as IoT devices, drones, spacecraft, and building-integrated photovoltaics.
Gold nanoparticles with tailored size through ligand modification for catalytic applications
Authors: Kapil Nidhi , Cardinale Fabio , Weissenberger Tobias , Trogadas Panagiotis , Nijhuis T. Alexander , Nigra Michael M. , Coppens Marc-Olivier
Published: September 2021

The final size and properties of gold nanoparticles are precisely tailored by using organic-bound ligands, which influence their catalytic performance.
Zn2+-Dependent peptide nucleic acid-based artificial ribonucleases with unprecedented efficiency and specificity
Authors: Luige Olivia , Bose Partha Pratim , Stulz Rouven , Steunenberg Peter , Brun Omar , Andersson Shalini , Murtola Merita , Strömberg Roger
Published: September 2021

Novel efficient Zn2+ dimethyl-dipyridophenazine PNA-based artificial nucleases cleave RNA site-specifically and can be tailored to different RNA targets, including RNA models originating from a malaria parasite and the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Dynamic behavior of liquid droplets with enzyme compartmentalization triggered by sequential glycolytic enzyme reactions
Authors: Ura Tomoto , Tomita Shunsuke , Shiraki Kentaro
Published: September 2021

Schematic of dynamic formation/dissolution of liquid droplets triggered by the sequential enzymatic reactions.
Self-immolative dendron hydrogels
Authors: Gill Karanpreet , Mei Xueli , Gillies Elizabeth R.
Published: September 2021

Self-immolative dendron hydrogels can be degraded on demand and exhibit tunable properties and degradation rates.
A water-stable photochromic MOF with controllable iodine sorption and efficient removal of dichromate
Authors: Liu Jian-Jun , Fu Jia-Jia , Li Gui-Jun , Liu Teng , Xia Shu-Biao , Cheng Fei-Xiang
Published: September 2021

A photochromic cationic MOF with one-dimensional channels was prepared based on a π-conjugated electron-deficient viologen, which exhibits high uptake capacity for Cr2O72− through ion-exchange and controllable iodine adsorption behavior.
Two Co(ii)-based coordination polymers as multi-responsive luminescent sensors for the detection of levofloxacin, benzaldehyde and Fe3+ ions in water media
Authors: Liu Ya , Ren Li , Cui Guang-Hua
Published: September 2021

Two CPs display excellent sensitivity, selectivity and low limits of detection for detection of LEV, BZH and Fe3+ ions.
Mechanical ductile detwinning in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite
Authors: Yang Li , Liu Jinjie , Lin Yanwen , Xu Ke , Cao Xuezheng , Zhang Zhisen , Wu Jianyang
Published: September 2021

Twin boundaries (TBs) were identified to show conflicting positive/negative effects on the physical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites, but their effects on the mechanical properties are still unclear.
The dynamics of light-induced interfacial charge transfer of different dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells studied by ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: He Lanlan , Guo Yu , Kloo Lars
Published: September 2021

The charge-transport dynamics at the dye–TiO2 interface plays a vital role for the resulting power conversion efficiency (PCE) of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Delocalized exciton formation in C60 linear molecular aggregates
Authors: Mokkath Junais Habeeb
Published: September 2021

C60 linear chain photoabsorption peaks are contributed by different types of excitons.
Electromechanical coupling in elastomers: a correlation between electrostatic potential and fatigue failure
Authors: Santos da Campo Yan A. , Mehler Dylan , Lorenzett Ezequiel , Moreira Kelly S. , Devens Ana L. , dos Santos Leandra P. , Galembeck Fernando , Burgo Thiago A. L.
Published: September 2021

The recent discovery of electromechanical coupling in elastomers showed periodic electrification in phase with rubber stretching but following different electrostatic potential patterns.
Unveiling the role of pyrylium frameworks on π-stacking interactions: a combined ab initio and experimental study
Authors: Núñez-Franco Reyes , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo , Jiménez-Barbero Jesús , Cabrera-Escribano Francisca , Franconetti Antonio
Published: September 2021

Pyrylium frameworks are excellent π–hole donors in solid state, gas and solution environments.
Methanol oxidation on Au(332): an isothermal pulsed molecular beam study
Authors: Feldt Christoph D. , Gimm Thorren , Moreira Raphaell , Riedel Wiebke , Risse Thomas
Published: September 2021

Isothermal molecular beam experiments on the methanol oxidation over the stepped Au(332) surface were conducted under well-defined ultra-high vacuum conditions.
Computational investigations of selected enzymes from two iron and α-ketoglutarate-dependent families
Authors: Berger Madison B. , Walker Alice R. , Vázquez-Montelongo Erik Antonio , Cisneros G. Andrés
Published: September 2021

AlkB and TET are two members of the Fe and α-ketoglutarate dependent superfamily of enzymes. This perspective provides an overview of computational investigations that have been carried out to study selected members of these two families.
Defluorinative [4 + 1] annulation of perfluoroalkyl N-mesylhydrazones with primary amines provides 5-fluoroalkyl 1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Ning Yongquan , Wang Hongwei , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Li Shuang , Zanoni Giuseppe , Nolan Steven P. , Bi Xihe
Published: September 2021

A novel azide-free approach for the synthesis of 5-perfluoroalkyl-1,2,3-triazoles via the [4 + 1] annulation of perfluoroalkyl N-mesylhydrazones (PFHZ-Ms) with primary amines was realized under mild conditions.
Interaction between positive and negative dielectric microparticles/microorganism in optoelectronic tweezers
Authors: Liang Shuzhang , Gan Chunyuan , Dai Yuguo , Zhang Chaonan , Bai Xue , Zhang Shuailong , Wheeler Aaron R. , Chen Huawei , Feng Lin
Published: September 2021

Interaction between micro-objects is used to achieve the trapping, transport, and release of particles in the OET, enhancing the high-throughput transportation, and also to assemble some special microparticles structures.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of CdWO4/BaTiO3 heterostructure for dye degradation
Authors: Sushma S. P. Sai , Swarupa G. , Nagesh T. , Pola Someshwar , Rajitha P. , Vijaya Kumar B. , Upender G.
Published: September 2021

The novel UV active photocatalysts of (1 − x)CdWO4–xBaTiO3 (where x = 10, 30, 50 and 70 wt%) heterostructures were synthesized using the hydrothermal technique.
Size-matched polyoxometalate encapsulated in UiO-66(Zr): an extraordinary catalyst with double active sites for the highly efficient ultra-deep oxidative desulfurization of fuel oil
Authors: He Fangyuan , Zhang Heyi , Li Xiaonan , Yang Jie , Ma Wenqing , Zhang Hong
Published: September 2021

In this study, for the first time, we selected a size-matched polyoxometalate α-Mo8O26, and successfully prepared Mo8-UiO-66(Zr) as a catalyst with double active sites for extractive and catalytic oxidative desulfurization systems (ECODS).
Electrodeposited cobalt sulfide on a vertical graphene nanocomposite for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Fan Jiajun , Hu Long , Qi Zhenjun , Wan Tao , Huang Shihao , Zhang Xiao , Han Zhaojun , Chu Dewei
Published: September 2021

A novel cobalt sulfide/vertical graphene (CoS/VG) composite electrode was fabricated via a facile electrodeposition method for high-performance supercapacitor application.
How the magnetic field impacts the chiroptical activities of helical copper enantiomers
Authors: Wu Jialu , Li Bo , Wang Hong , Lai Yingzhen , Ye Yue , Zou Yongkang , Tian Jumei , Xu Yaohua
Published: September 2021

A pair of enantiomers {[Cu(l-pro)(l-tyr)]·2H2O}n (L-1) and {[Cu(d-pro)(d-tyr)]·2H2O}n (D-1) based on the chiral ligands l/d-proline and l/d-tyrosine were synthesized and investigated using single-crystal X-ray structure analysis, IR, thermogravimetric analysis, solid-state UV-Vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism, magnetic studies, and DFT calculations.
D–π–A type ferrocene-substituted azobenzene photochromic switches: synthesis, structures, and electrochemical and photoisomerization studies
Authors: Yan Jian-Feng , Men Rui-Xi , Chen Xiao-Xiao , Lin Cai-Xia , Nockemann Peter , Yuan Yao-Feng
Published: September 2021

A series of D–π–A type azobenzenes with a ferrocenyl/ferrocenylethynyl electron donor at thepara/meta-position have been synthesized and characterized by electrochemistry and UV-vis spectroscopy.
Effect of random fiber networks on bubble growth in gelatin hydrogels
Authors: Hasan Fuad , Al Mahmud K. A. H. , Khan Md Ishak , Kang Wonmo , Adnan Ashfaq
Published: September 2021

Cavitation in soft biomaterials occurs at higher tensile pressure than pure water. A bubble needs to overcome the surface energy and the strain energy contribution from the random fiber network, which is the source of the extra tensile pressure.
Active gels, heavy tails, and the cytoskeleton
Authors: Swartz Daniel W. , Camley Brian A.
Published: September 2021

Rare large movements of the cytoskeleton may arise from the combination of many small molecular motors acting independently, leading to anomalous diffusive behavior.
Morphologies and dynamics of the interfaces between active and passive phases
Authors: Xu Guoqing , Huang Tao , Han Yilong , Chen Yong
Published: September 2021

We obtain the phase diagram of the active–passive interface, including rough sharp, rough invasive, and flat interdiffusive interfaces using Brownian dynamics simulations.
Correction: Red phosphorescent binuclear Pt(ii) complexes incorporating bis(diphenylphorothioyl)amide ligands: synthesis, photophysical properties and application in solution processable OLEDs
Authors: Suo Xia , Nie Chuanli , Liu Weiqiang , Zhang Yuzhen , Shen Yunjun , Bian Hedong , Cheng Gang
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Red phosphorescent binuclear Pt(ii) complexes incorporating bis(diphenylphorothioyl)amide ligands: synthesis, photophysical properties and application in solution processable OLEDs’ by Xia Suo et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, 9, 9505–9514, DOI: 10.1039/D1TC02087K.
Diversity of ACE2 and its interaction with SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain
Authors: Low-Gan Jessie , Huang Ruiqi , Kelley Abigail , Jenkins Gabrielle Warner , McGregor Duncan , Smider Vaughn V.
Published: September 2021

COVID-19, the clinical syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has rapidly spread globally causing hundreds of millions of infections and over two million deaths. The potential animal reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 are currently unknown, however sequence analysis has provided plausible potential candidate species. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enable its entry into host cells and establish infection. We analyzed the binding surface of ACE2 from several important animal species to begin to understand the parameters for the ACE2 recognition by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). We employed Shannon entropy analysis to determine the variability of ACE2 across its sequence and particularly in its RBD interacting region, and assessed differences between various species’ ACE2 and human ACE2. Recombinant ACE2 from human, hamster, horseshoe bat, cat, ferret, and cow were evaluated for RBD binding. A gradient of binding affinities were seen where human and hamster ACE2 were similarly in the low nanomolar range, followed by cat and cow. Surprisingly, horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus) and ferret (Mustela putorius) ACE2s had poor binding activity compared with the other species’ ACE2. The residue differences and binding properties between the species’ variants provide a framework for understanding ACE2–RBD binding and virus tropism.
Enhanced immune response by vacuoles isolated fromSaccharomyces cerevisiaein RAW 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Lee Su-Min , Choi Wooil , Shin Woo-Ri , Kim Yang-Hoon , Min Jiho
Published: September 2021

Vacuoles are membrane vesicles in eukaryotic cells, the digestive system of cells that break down substances absorbed outside the cell and digest the useless components of the cell itself. Researches on anticancer and intractable diseases using vacuoles are being actively conducted. The practical application of the present study to animals requires the determination of the biocompatibility of vacuole. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in RAW 264.7 cells. This showed a significant increase in the production of nitric oxide (NO) produced by macrophage activity. Using Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) assay, we identified that ROS is increased in a manner dependent on vacuole concentration. Western blot analysis showed that vacuole concentration-dependently increased protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Therefore, iNOS expression was stimulated to induce NO production. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels promoted, such as interleukin (IL) 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α (TNF-α). In summary, vacuoles activate the immune response of macrophages by promoting the production of immune-mediated transporters NO, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Radar backscattering modelling and micro‐motion parameter estimation method for quadcopter
Authors: Mao Tong , Li Zhangfeng , Zhu Kaiqiang , Zhang Yi , Sun Houjun
Published: September 2021

Due to the high‐speed rotors and overlapped propellers, it is still a challenge to extract the micro‐motion parameters of the quadcopter. In this work, the authors establish a radar backscattering model of the quadcopter based on the flight control theory and radar backscattering characteristics. Then, the improved template matching method and peak grouping method are proposed to capture the periodic information for overlapped propellers on a range‐time profile and extract the rotation speeds of rotors. By simulating the nine types of quadcopter movements, the relative error of the rotation speeds is estimated to be lower than 1.4% for each rotor with a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 15 .
Graph-based clustering of gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Tarnopolski Mariusz
Published: September 2021

Aims. An attempt to classify gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with a low level of supervision using the state-of-the-start approaches stemming from graph theory was undertaken.

Methods. Graph-based classification methods, relying on different variants of the k-nearest neighbour graph, were applied to various GRB samples in the duration–hardness ratio parameter space to infer the optimal partitioning.

Results. In most cases it is found that both two and three groups are feasible, with the outcome being more ambiguous with an increasing sample size.

Conclusions. There is no clear indication of the presence of a third GRB class; however, such a possibility cannot be ruled out with the employed methodology. There are no hints at more than three classes though.
LBV phenomenon and binarity: The environment of HR Car
Authors: Mehner A. , Janssens S. , Agliozzo C. , de Wit W.-J. , Boffin H. M. J. , Baade D. , Bodensteiner J. , Groh J. H. , Mahy L. , Vogt F. P. A.
Published: September 2021

Luminous blue variable stars (LBVs) are of great interest in massive-star evolution as they experience very high mass-loss episodes within short periods of time. HR Car is a famous member of this class in the Galaxy. It has a large circumstellar nebula and has also been confirmed as being in a binary system. One means of gaining information about the evolutionary status and physical nature of LBVs is studying their environments. We investigated the stellar content within ∼100 pc of HR Car and also its circumstellar nebula. Very Large Telescope Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations of a 2′×2′ region around the star highlight the incompleteness of stellar classification for stars with magnitudes of V > 13 mag. Eight B0 to B9 stars have been identified which may lie in close spatial vicinity to HR Car. For a region with a radius of r = 1.2° (∼100 pc at a distance of 4.8 kpc) around HR Car, existing catalogs list several late O-type and early B-type stars, but only one early O-type star. Given the relatively low stellar and nebular masses in the HR Car system, no early O-type stars and only a few late O-type stars would be expected in association with HR Car. Instead, HR Car’s location in a point vector diagram suggests that HR Car is not isolated, but is part of a moving group with a population of B-type stars in a spiral arm, and it has not received a strong kick from a supernova explosion of a companion star or a merger event. Potential binary evolution pathways for the HR Car system cannot be fully explored because of the unknown nature of the companion star. Furthermore, the MUSE observations reveal the presence of a fast outflow and “bullets” that have been ejected at intervals of about 400 years. These features may have been caused by recurrent mass transfer in the system.
Spectral analysis of spatially resolved 3C295 (sub-arcsecond resolution) with the International LOFAR Telescope
Authors: Bonnassieux Etienne , Sweijen Frits , Brienza Marisa , Rajpurohit Kamlesh , John Riseley Christopher , Bonafede Annalisa , Jackson Neal , Morabito Leah K. , Brunetti Gianfranco , Harwood Jeremy , Kappes Alex , Rottgering Huub J. , Tasse Cyril , van Weeren Reinout
Published: September 2021

3C295 is a bright, compact steep spectrum source with a well-studied integrated radio spectral energy distribution (SED) from 132 MHz to 15 GHz. However, spatially resolved spectral studies have been limited due to a lack of high resolution images at low radio frequencies. These frequencies are crucial for measuring absorption processes, and anchoring the overall spectral modelling of the radio SED. In this paper, we use International LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) Telescope (ILT) observations of 3C295 to study its spatially resolved spectral properties with sub-arcsecond resolution at 132 MHz. Combining our new 132 MHz observation with archival data at 1.6, 4.8, and 15 GHz, we are able to carry out a resolved radio spectral analysis. The spectral properties of the hotspots provides evidence for low frequency flattening. In contrast, the spectral shape across the lobes is consistent with a Jaffe-Perola spectral ageing model. Using the integrated spectral information for each component, we then fitted low-frequency absorption models to the hotspots, finding that both free-free absorption and synchrotron self-absorption models provide a better fit to the data than a standard power law. Although we can say there is low-frequency absorption present in the hotspots of 3C295, future observations with the Low Band Antenna of the ILT at 55 MHz may allow us to distinguish the type of absorption.
Growth responses and yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) to the delayed transplanting and drought stress
Authors: Kartika  , Fadilah Lya Nailatul , Lakitan Benyamin
Published: September 2021

Environmental condition is the main constrain of plant cultivation in riparian wetland. Transplanting time is frequently delayed due to flooding and the cultivated plants often experience drought stress during their generative stage due to insufficient water availability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of delayed transplanting and drought stress on the growth and yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea Var. botrytis L.). The study was arranged based on the Factorial Randomized Block Design consisted of two factors, i.e., transplanting time and drought stress. The results showed that extended delay of transplanting for more than 25 days after sowing inhibited the plant growth, i.e., leaf number, canopy area, harvesting time, leaf weight, curd weight, curd volume, curd diameter, fresh and dry weight of roots, and root length. Halted water supply for 5 days during curd development resulted in a devastating drought stress since soil moisture dropped to 8%. The drought stress significantly increased the root length, but this increase was unable to avoid yield reduction. It is suggested that transplanting time of cauliflower at riparian wetland should be carried out prior to 25 days after sowing.
Fertilization packages increased growth and yield of Inpara 2 rice on tidal swampland of Aceh Jaya District
Authors: Idawanni  , Ferayanti Fenty , Bakar Basri A. , Ismail M.
Published: September 2021

Tidal swampland is potential but negligible land characterized by poor soil fertility. The study aimed to determine the effect of fertilization packages on the growth and yield of Inpara 2 rice in the tidal field. This research was conducted on the tidal field of Mon Mata Village, Krueng Sabee Sub District, Aceh Jaya, from July to November 2018. The study was designed in a Randomized Block Design three treatments, and three plot replications of 10 m x 10 m. The treatments comprised of three fertilization packages, namely: Farmer’s package A (Urea 100 kg ha–1 + SP 36 50 kg ha–1); Package soil nutrient status B (Urea 200 kg ha–1 + SP36 100 kg ha–1 + KCl 50 kg ha–1), and Recommended package C (Urea 200 kg ha–1 + SP36 100 kg ha–1 + KCl 100 kg ha–1 + 1000 kg dolomite ha–1). The experiment showed that all three fertilization packages significantly impacted plant height, panicle length, number of panicles per hill, grain per panicle, and grain yield. The recommended fertilization package C gave the highest yield (5.20 t ha–1), followed by Package B (4.78 t ha–1) and Package A (3.55 t ha–1). The research suggests that Inpara 2 rice and fertilizers, according to the recommendations, are needed to increase rice productivity in tidal fields.
Farmers’ preference on the characteristics of improved variety and prospective lines of soybean seed in acidic dry-land (a case study in South Kalimantan and East Lampung)
Authors: Prasetiaswati Nila , Elisabeth Dian Adi Anggraeni , Krisdiana Ruly , Rozi Fachrur
Published: September 2021

National soybean consumption in 2018 was not in balance with its production. One of factors affecting soybean production is location-specific improved varieties utilization. The research aimed to identify farmers’ considerations in responding improved soybean varieties and prospective lines. The research was conducted in KP Taman Bogo, East Lampung and BP3T at Tambak Ulang, South Kalimantan. Data collected presented into tables. A descriptive analysis used by calculating means and percentage value. The results showed that crop height, seed shape, drought resistance, and fall resistance were the dominant considerations for East Lampung farmers. South Kalimantan farmers chose growth type, flowering age, harvest age, pod color, non-breaking pod, leaf shape, seed color, wilting symptoms, pests and diseases resistance, fall resistance, and ease of sale variables. Of the ten lines and four Iletri’s improved soybean varieties, East Lampung farmers chose Grobogan for crop phisycal performance as priority I (37.9%) and II Tgm/933 (24,2%); while South Kalimantan farmers chose Tanggamus (23.3%), Tgm/Anj-910 (26,7%) and Tgm/Anj-933 lines (30%). For seed characteristics, 51.7% of East Lampung farmers chose Grobogan as priority I, while South Kalimantan farmers chose Tgm/Anj-931 line (30.0%). It is expected that by selecting location-specific improved varieties, farmers can increase soybean production, thereby increasing their income.
Efficiency analysis of chilli pepper farming with proliga technology application in Batam City
Authors: Rambe Khoiru Rizqy , Sitompul Jonri Suhendra , Widodo Sugeng , Misbah Ahmad , Alifia Annisa Dhienar
Published: September 2021

The existing cultivation pattern of chilli pepper in Riau Islands is unable to fulfilled all market demands. Dissemination of double production (Produksi Lipat Ganda or Proliga) technology was an effort to increase chilli pepper production in Riau Islands. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of chilli pepper farming with Proliga technology application. This research was conducted in Mei 2019 until April 2020 at Maju Mandiri Farmer Group, Setokok Village, Bulang District, Batam City. The primary data obtained from interviews, and the secondary data obtained from related agencies. Data analysis was carried out by calculating costs, revenues, income, and farming efficiency. Based on analysis results, it can be concluded that chilli pepper farming with Proliga technology generates an income of IDR 699,000,000, and the cost incurred in one planting season (12 months) reached IDR 213,193,500. Therefore, the income obtained by farmers is IDR 485,806,500 / hectare. This chilli pepper farming is considered efficient and profitable for farmers, as indicated by the R/C ratio value of 3.27.
A study of the supervision effectiveness on the registered forestry-seed commercial providers: for better seed-circulation policies
Authors: Wisudayati Tri Astuti , Sudrajat Dede J. , Bramasto Yulianti , Yuniarti Naning , Hendarto Kresno Agus , Djam’an Dharmawati F. , Putri Kurniawati Purwaka , Rustam Evayusvita , Desmiwati
Published: September 2021

To ensure that only high-quality seed is marketed, the seed inspector of the registered forestry-seed commercial providers plays a vital role. It will perform all the necessary tasks, including variety inspection, release testing of seed processing, and enforcement of the seed regulation. The registered forestry-seed commercial providers should conform to seed standards. Currently, the availability of high-quality seeds is crucial to achieve predictable planting. In case of unavailability of sufficient qualities standard, the seed inspector allowed for operating the punishment act. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate both the seed inspector and the registered forestry-seed commercial providers to indicate that the seed-regulations implementation is successful. Data are collected by spreading questionnaire and using a narrative-based qualitative method. The result confirms that policy formulation is a challenge to the regulators, but processes effectively tackle this challenge in four sequence stages. The first stage is the problem formulation about seed-sources development, seed variety coordination at permanent nurseries, law reinforcement, and regulator role strengthening. The second stage is policy agenda through controlling over market opportunities by the regulator. The third stage is selecting alternative policies to solve problems by implementing the cluster system based on local-seed variety. The fourth stage is establishing procedures.
Institutional strengthening of farmer groups on sustainable intercropping in Majalengka Regency, West Java Province
Authors: Tan Siti Sehat , Purnamayan Rima , WE Adhe Phoppy , Handoko Sigid , Oktivian I.H. Catur , Yusron Muhammad
Published: September 2021

The government implements a special effort program (of food self-sufficiency) to achieve national food sovereignty focusing on three commodities (rice, maize, and soybeans). One of the efforts is to increase production with the intercropping pattern (Turiman). The program sustainability must be supported by strong farmer institutions. This study aimed to obtain the information about the farmer groups institution as a strong capital for sustainable farming. This study used a qualitative approach with data related to the assessment problem. This study also used relevant literature to learn the correlation between empirical facts and government programs. The study was conducted in June 2019 in Babakan Village, Majalengka Sub District, Majalengka Regency, West Java Province on 100 respondents. Based on the results, the farmers were still oriented to the monoculture model (maize). The supporting organization as a transformation institution was still very weak as indicated by the organizational structure. The low farmer knowledge on the technology introduced and the farmer group management as a technology transfer agent were still oriented towards monopoly profits. Thus, the Turiman model can be come a consideration for its sustainability. Such conditions require government intervention to achieve the strength farmer group institutions with various appropriate methods, such as assistance in managing organizations and collecting business assets as well as business capital.
Analysis of intercropping farming on red chili with celery in Jambi City
Authors: Suharyon  , Wahyudi Erwan
Published: September 2021

Farmers in Jambi City mostly cultivate vegetables due to the ease of selling their products and the supportive climate as well. This paper aims to see the level of farmer’s income and characteristics of farmers on the application of farming technology. The research was conducted in Paal Merah Subdistrict, Jambi City, involving 25 farmers that were randomly selected as respondents. Through descriptive data analysis, it is known that red chili farming intercropped with celery has the potential to be developed intensively and sustainably. Support from the characteristics of farmers of productive age, level of education and fairly high farming experience will be able to motivate farmers to increase their business intensively while the obstacles faced are the limited use of seeds and labor, so that a superior variety and additional workers are needed from outside the family. The results also show that without taking into account to the family labor costs, this business is profitable with a total profit of Rp. 20,553,500.
Post-harvest losses of citrus fruits and perceptions of farmers in marketing decisions
Authors: Hanif Zainuri , Ashari Hasim
Published: September 2021

Citrus is a non-climacteric fruit that breaks easily. Poor postharvest handling methods have resulted in severe losses to farmers. This research was conducted in 2017 at Dau Subdistrict, Malang Regency, East Java, using a purposive sampling method to understanding the losses of citrus fruits and perceptions of farmers in marketing decisions. A total of 177 citrus farmers participated in this study. Citrus farmers experienced food loss and waste is 34% in total all activity. From the value chain activities carried out by most citrus farmers: production and harvesting, handling and storage, processing, and packaging, as well as distribution and markets, farmers experience food loss and waste of 13%, 10%, 4%, and 7% respectively. Postharvest losses were influenced by farmers' perceptions of selling citrus fruits, especially prices, cash payments and the frequency of delivery of citrus fruits. By knowing the critical point most detrimental, farmers can take action to minimize losses.
Evaluating urban agriculture program effectiveness using CIPP model: a review
Authors: Yusuf Munifah Siti Amira , Man Norsida , Haris Nur Bahiah Mohamed , Ismail Ismi Arif , Maruf Amar
Published: September 2021

The art of planting, preparing, and distributing food around urban areas is known as urban agriculture, farming, or gardening. Individuals and organizations generally work in urban agriculture for general purposes: 1) enhancing their own health and economic circumstances; 2) improving their communities’ access to nutritious food; 3) enhancing their community wellbeing; and 4) developing a community and ecosystem. The Urban Agriculture Program (UAP) has been set up by the Department of Agriculture (DOA) Malaysia since 2014 to facilitate and transfer information regarding urban farming practices to the community. However, the program was less effective and had a low success rate due to the local community's minimal participation, slow development, and sustainability of the agriculture community gardens. This article primarily examines the UAP implementation based on the four components of the CIPP Evaluation Model: Context, Input, Process, and Product. The UAP is a sustainable development tool that can provide food or related services within or on the edges of urban areas. Malaysia addresses food security by providing urban dwellers with adequate nutritious, safe, acceptable, and cost-effective food. Therefore, the study is relevant as achieving food security and nutrition that has been set in the urban agriculture program outcome by 2025.
Efforts to increase beef cattle population with artificial insemination application in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Polakitan Derek , Silondae Hasrianti , Ifada Ratri Retno
Published: September 2021

The increasing population has a direct impact on the demand for animal food in the form of beef. The problem faced by beef cattle farmers in North Sulawesi province is low production and productivity. This study was aimed to determine the increase in beef cattle population in North Sulawesi Province with (AI) application. This study took place in 12 regencies/cities that carry out SIWAB programs in North Sulawesi Province, namely: Manado, Bitung, Tomohon, Kotamobagu, Minahasa, South Minahasa, Southeast Minahasa, North Minahasa, Bolaang Mongondow, North Bolaang Mongondow, South Bolaang Mongondow and East Bolaang Mogondow. This study is a case study using descriptive methods. Online data tracking techniques in stages from inseminator in the field, district, and provincial data officers. Data analysis consists of S/C, CvR, CR. The observations showed the number of ib application achievements 13682 acceptors, the number of orchards reached 11140 parents and the birth rate reached 8138 heads S/C value 1.22, CvR 73%, CR 81.4%. Conclusion The success of artificial insemination application on people’s farms in North Sulawesi Province can be measured from the value of S / C 1.22, CvR 73%, CR 81.4%, and the increase in the population as much as 8138 heads.
Application of paddy planting calendar (KATAM) in Bengkayang District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Dina Omayani , Kartinaty Tietyk , Sugiarti Tuti
Published: September 2021

The rice field harvested area in West Kalimantan decreases each year around 0.96 kw/ha from 2013. The decline in rice production is due to climate change. The objective of this study to determine the potential and constraints of developing Planting Calendar (KATAM) to anticipate the impact of climate change in West Kalimantan. The study was conduct in Tujuh Belas Sub District, Bengkayang District, West Kalimantan from January to December 2018. This study was performed using demonstration plot by comparing the existing farming system, KATAM, and introduced technology. The analysis used a randomized block design (RBD), where each treatment was repeated 3 times. The result showed that the vegetative parameters for the height of the existing treatment were higher than other treatments (76.40 cm). For the parameters of the number of tillers, KATAM and Introduction pattern had a large number of tillers, namely around 18 per plant. The treatment with KATAM pattern also had a high number of pithy unhulled grains and low unhulled rice (139 and 42 unit/penicle). The weight of 1000 seeds and yield per hectare, the treatment using KATAM pattern had a higher weight and yield (27.07 gr and 5.30 ton / ha).