bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mejora de la seguridad de la información en el proceso de gestión de riesgos de la Fundación para el Desarrollo Solidario en el 2020
Authors:   , Santisteban Avalos Elmer Ivan
Published: March 2023

Con el pasar del tiempo vemos un aumento de ataques informáticos, el fácil acceso a la tecnología y el poco conocimiento de algunas personas en seguridad son fuente para causar perjuicio. Por esto, el propósito de la investigación fue implementar una alternativa de solución para el problema de seguridad de la información que existe en la institución Fundación para el Desarrollo Solidario. El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar como la mejora de la seguridad de la información influye en el proceso de gestión de riesgo en la institución. Se propuso la Metodología Magerit con enfoque cualitativo y una población de activos de información para que demuestre como la seguridad mejora con el conocimiento de los riesgos que hay, para esto se dividió en dos fases: pre test y post test. Los resultados que se obtuvieron cuando se propuso las salvaguardas en los activos con riesgo, mostraron que esto tuvo una mejora en seguridad y el riesgo se minimizó; De la misma forma estos resultados se validaron estadísticamente en el SPSS y los instrumentos validados por jueces expertos. De acuerdo con el análisis realizado, se concluye que implementando controles y políticas estas ayudan a mejorar la seguridad de la institución y crear conciencia en cada usuario, manteniendo estable los riesgos y saber cómo actuar frente a cualquier amenaza o incidente, además ellos pueden tomar mejores decisiones en proyectos nuevos y/o actuales en las áreas con respecto a la tecnología.
Understanding the behavioral determinants that predict barriers and enablers of screening and treatment behaviors for diabetic retinopathy among Bangladeshi women: Findings from a Barrier Analysis
Authors: Kalam Md Abul , Asif Chowdhury Abdullah Al , Hasan Md. Mehedi , -Ur-Rahman Md. Arif , Nag Dipak Kumar , Sen Pallab Kumar , Akhanda Md. Aminul Haque , Davis Thomas P. , Talukder Aminuzzaman
Published: March 2023

Background and aim:
While early detection and timely treatments can prevent diabetic retinopathy (DR) related blindness, barriers to receiving these DR services may cause permanent sight loss. Despite having similar prevalence to diabetes and DR, women are less likely than men to perform these behaviors due to multi-faced barriers in screening and receiving follow-up treatment for DR. This study, therefore aimed at identifying the barriers to – and enablers of – screening and follow-up treatments behaviors for DR among women aged more than 40 years with diabetes from the behavioral perspectives in Bangladesh.
Methods
This Barrier Analysis study interviewed 360 women (180 “Doers” and 180 “Non-doers”) to explore twelve behavioral determinants of four DR behaviors including screening, injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF medication), laser therapy and vitro-retinal surgery. The data analysis was performed to calculate estimated relative risk to identify the degree of association between the determinants and behaviors, and to find statistically significant differences (at p < 0.05) in the responses between the Doers and Non-doers.
Results
Access to healthcare facilities was the major barrier impeding women from performing DR behaviors. Difficulty in locating DR service centers, the need to travel long distances, the inability to travel alone and during illness, and challenges of paying for transportation and managing workload significantly affected ability to perform the behaviors. Other determinants included women’s perceived self-efficacy, perceived negative consequences (e.g. fear and discomfort associated with injections or laser treatment), and cues for action. Significant perceived enablers included low cost of DR treatments, supportive attitudes by healthcare providers, government policy, and perceived social norms.
Conclusion
Further investments are required to enhance the availability of DR services within primary and secondary health institutions along with health behavior promotion to dispel misconceptions and fears related to DR treatments.
The potentials of Pasteurella multocida OmpA protein as the candidate for sub-unit vaccine and for the development of an ELISA kit to evaluate the vaccine response in the animals
Authors: Shoaib Ramsha , Nawaz Muhammad Ahsan , Absar Muhammad , Ali Zeshan , Sharif Muhammad Nauman , Rabaan Ali A. , Mashraqi Mutaib M , Aljeldah Mohammed , Alwashmi Ameen S.S. , Aldali Jehad , Halwani Muhammad A. , Alkhalifah Abrar I. , Rizvi Azka , Ghafoor Aamir , Ahmed Naveed
Published: March 2023

Pasteurella multocida is the primary causative agent of Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) in cattle and Buffalo. It is responsible for causing huge economic loses every year. The P. multocida vaccines are used for livestock, but because sensitive and specific serological tests are not available, sero-conversion in these animals is unknown. As a result, the vaccine and it’s the immune response cannot be evaluated. So, the present study was designed to evaluate immunogenic potential of OmpA gene of P. multocida. PCR primers designed to have restriction sites to cut amplicon and ligate product into expression vector. Purified PCR product was subjected to cloning PCR and the product was sequenced. The product was excised from cloning vector and ligated into expression vector (pET 40b (+)). Expression vector was transformed to chemically competent Escherichia coli strain DH5-α by heat shock method. Plasmid was extracted and ligation was confirmed by restriction digestion. IPTG was used to trigger expression. Total cell protein and medium were SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the expression. Recombinant proteins were injected into mice to test their immunogenicity. OmpA was proved to be highly immunogenic in nature, making it a more suitable candidate for sub-unit vaccine preparation and development of ELISA kit for the detection of immune responses in animals.
Primary septic arthritis of the hip after COVID-19- A case series of six patients
Authors: Dhanasekararaja Palanisami , Soundarrajan Dhanasekaran , Sandeep Kanugula Kumar , Rajkumar Natesan , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan
Published: March 2023

Background
We aim to report the consecutive patients with primary septic arthritis of the hip associated with COVID-19 and elucidate its unique clinical and radiological features.
Methods
Six consecutive patients (7 hips) who recovered from COVID-19 and presented with acute hip pain from November 2020 to October 2021 were included. All the patients received corticosteroids as a supportive treatment during COVID-19. Patients were diagnosed with septic arthritis of the hip based on radiographs, MRI, inflammatory markers and hip aspiration culture and synovial fluid analysis. Harris hip score was used to evaluate the functional outcome before and after treatment.
Results
The mean age was 44.3 years (range, 31 to 54 years). The average cumulative dose of methylprednisolone equivalent was 1328.2 mg (range, 460 to 2500 mg) and the average duration of steroid intake was 3.3 weeks. Two were culture positive and the rest four patients had a culture-negative infection. There was a significant improvement in Harris hip score from 12.5 ± 7.1 at presentation to 72.3 ± 13.6 after treatment (p < 0.05). There was a marked reduction in inflammatory parameters compared to the presenting values after treatment. Four patients (5 hips) underwent debridement and antibiotic-loaded cement spacer application in the first stage and uncemented total hip arthroplasty in the second stage. Other two patients who were treated conservatively had post septic arthritis of the hip and awaiting total hip arthroplasty.
Conclusion
In patients presenting with acute hip pain after COVID-19 infection, primary septic arthritis should be one of the differential diagnosis. They have features like elevated serological markers and extensive periarticular bone and soft tissue edema. Preoperative hip aspiration is mandatory for diagnosis and the patient may require a two-stage procedure for eradication of infection.
A Rare Case of Peritoneal Tuberculosis Mimicking Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: The Ongoing Challenge
Authors: Flores Roberto M. , Dopp Meena , Bhatt Vivek V. , Theodory Bassam , Robb Paul M.
Published: March 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infection that can involve any organ system and present in various forms. About one-third of the world’s population are carriers of latent TB. Although most cases are from a pulmonary origin, there is a rising prevalence of abdominal TB. Patients with pulmonary or extrapulmonary TB are treated similarly through the use of pharmacological therapy. Nonspecific clinical manifestations of TB have made it difficult for clinicians to diagnose. Peritoneal tuberculosis (PTB) is a serious concern as its symptoms overlap with that of many other chronic conditions, especially in those who are immunocompromised. The lack of highly sensitive and specific testing methods has made early intervention difficult, therefore a high index of suspicion is crucial in the progression of the disease. Here, we present a case of a 71-year-old female with a history of abdominal pain, fever, and weakness. Initial investigation with CT imaging revealed omental fat stranding that pointed towards peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from possible recurrence of her ovarian cancer. Further investigation with a peritoneal biopsy was remarkable for caseating granulomas with fat necrosis confirming extrapulmonary TB. This report highlights a rare case of PTB mimicking PC in an elderly patient who is immunocompromised from the use of long-term corticosteroids who continued to decline after pharmacological treatment of the disease.
Latent tuberculosis infection therapy in people living with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Lin Huang-Shen , Lin Ming-Shyan , Tsai Yu-Shiun , Lin Yu-Sheng
Published: March 2023

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that some high-risk patient groups should receive latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and tuberculosis prevention treatment, including people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). We performed an updated meta-analysis to compare the different LTBI therapeutic regimens for LTBI test-positive PLHIV.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, clinicaltrials.gov, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for all literature and ongoing trials from their inception until November 30th, 2022. We performed a meta-analysis of the efficacy, adhesion rate, and severe adverse events; and graded the evidence quality.
Results
Nine studies were eligible, including two non-randomized studies (NRS) with 470 participants and seven randomized control trials (RCT)with 3,979 participants. The quality of evidence was very low for the results of the NRSs and low for the RCTs. Compared with placebo or non-treatment, both isoniazid (OR: 0.56; 95%CI 0.33-0.93) and rifamycin-based treatments (OR: 0.44; 95%CI 0.26-0.72) had efficacy for active TB prevention. Rifamycin-based regimens seem to have a better adhesion rate than isoniazid alone (RR: 1.11; 95%CI 1.04-1.19) and similar adverse events (RR: 0.73; 95%CI 0.49-1.09).
Conclusions
LTBI treatment decreased the active rate of TB in LTBI test-positive PLHIV. Rifamycin-based therapies may have a higher adhesion rate, while their efficacy and adverse events appear similar to isoniazid. More studies focusing on LTBI test-positive PLHIV participants would help gather high-quality evidence for decision-making.
A correlation study of serum tumor markers with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: He Xing , Guo Lu , Ji Jiaqi , Zhou Ting , Luo Zeli , Fang Siyu , Chen Qiqi , Liu Chi , Yan Haiying
Published: March 2023

Background:
Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated interstitial lung disease (SLE-ILD) is one of the manifestations of SLE involvement of the lung, and currently, serum markers are lacking for its early prediction. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of serum tumor markers (TM) in SLE-ILD to further analyze the potential correlation of serum TM with SLE affected of tissues and organs.
Methods:
Medical records of SLE patients from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital ＆ University of Electronic Science and Technology of China were retrospectively reviewed. Serum TM including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), cytokeratin-19-fragment (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), ferritin (FER) from the peripheral blood of SLE patients with or without ILD were compared and analyzed, to investigate their relevance and clinical value in patients with SLE-ILD.
Results:
A total of 927 patients eligible for the diagnosis of SLE were enrolled in this study, and 386 patients with SLE were finally included, including 64 patients with SLE-ILD. Age, and levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum creatine kinase (CK) in patients with SLE-ILD were higher than those with SLE (P<0.05). Patients with SLE-ILD had higher serum levels of CEA, CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9, SCC, CYFRA21-1, and FER compared to SLE patients. Results of multivariate regression showed that age [OR=1.038, 95% CI=(1.004,1.074)], CA15-3 [OR=1.099, 95% CI=(1.039,1.162)], and CA19-9 [OR=1.032, 95% CI=(1.005,1.059)] were predictors of SLE-ILD (P <0.05). Among the monitored serum TM, CA125 and CA15-3 possessed good predictive values (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.7 and 0.722, respectively, P<0.05); serum SCC and CYFRA21-1 were moderately positively correlated with serum creatinine (Cr) levels (r value was 0.562 and 0.713, respectively, P<0.001).
Conclusions:
Serum CA125, CA15-3, and CA19-9 can serve as clinical predictive markers for SLE-ILD. In addition to lungs, serum SCC, CYFRA21-1 and FER detected in tumor-related markers may also related to kidney involvement of SLE.It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring and investigation of serum TM in patients with SLE-ILD to discover its potential clinical value.
Experimental evaluation of in-plane seismic demand on Power Actuated Fasteners (PAF) connecting CFS drywall partitions and concrete surrounding elements
Authors: FIORINO Luigi , CAMPICHE Alessia , Grzesik Peter , Landolfo Raffaele
Published: March 2023

The evaluation of the response of Cold-formed Steel (CFS) drywall partitions under in-plane earthquake loading is one of the open tasks for understanding the impact of nonstructural elements on the seismic performance of constructions, especially when the implementation of performance-based earthquake criteria is required. In this context, the evaluation of the seismic demand on fasteners connecting drywall partitions with the surrounding structures has not been well covered. To overcome this gap, a specific experimental study devoted to evaluate the in-plane seismic demand on Power Actuated Fasteners (PAF) connecting CFS drywall partitions and concrete surrounding elements is presented in this paper. In particular, the experimental activity includes seven quasi-static reversed cyclic tests on full-scale drywall partitions. Parameters under investigation are: type of surrounding connections; type of sliding connection; spacing of PAFs. From global point of view, results showed that the main parameter affecting the seismic response of the drywall partitions was the type of surrounding connections. PAFs connecting both studs and tracks to concrete surrounding elements exhibited elastic behaviour without significant damage in all tested walls with seismic demand equal to 0.50 mm in terms of displacement, 1.9 kN in terms of force per single PAF, 4 kN/m in terms of force per unit length of the wall.
Coloration of polyamide-6,6 fabric with carbon black nano particle for camouflage textiles of simultaneous spectrum probe in visible and near infrared
Authors: Hossain Md. Anowar
Published: March 2023

Polyamide 6,6 (PA-6,6) fabric was experimented for liquid phase formulation and coloration in acidic medium of seven standardized PH (0–6) with carbon black nano particle (CBNP). International commission on illumination (CIE) color value (L*, a*, b*), Kubelka-Munk (K-M) reflection and reflection (%) of CBNP dyed PA-6,6 fabric was investigated with optical condition of specular reflectance, color measurement spectrophotometer from 400 nm to 700 nm. The K-M reflection and reflection (%) of CBNP dyed PA-6,6 fabric was also measured with optical property of diffuse reflectance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy from 1000 nm to 2500 nm. Visible-near infrared-reflection (%) was observed comparatively lower for PH 4 to 5. Similarly, K-M reflection of simultaneous spectrum probe in visible-near infrared was found higher for PH 4 to 5. Raw CBNP and CBNP modified PA-6,6 fabric was also examined for oxidation property, aggregation property, coloring property and air permeability by scanning electron microscopy. Hence, this experimentation was only focused on color properties of CBNP modified PA-6,6 fabric in terms of camouflage textiles.
Identification of CLDN3 as a Novel Biomarker for Gastric Precancerous Lesions via Comprehensive Bioinformatics and Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Zhang Qingqing , Liu Nanyang , Wu Di , Xu Zhengyu , Wang Yichen , Wang Ping
Published: March 2023

Gastric cancer (GC) poses a serious threat to human health, and early detection and treatment of Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) is crucial in preventing its progression to GC. Therefore, it's important to identify decisive diagnostic biomarkers of LGIN for effective treatment selection. To achieve this, we obtained two datasets from the GEO database(GSE130823, GSE55696), using the GSE55696 as a validation set. Our analysis, using various bioinformatics strategies and machine-learning algorithms, led to the identification of 328 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) primarily involved in processes such as organic anion transport, regulation of blood pressure, and cell-cell junction assembly. Our results suggest that CLDN3 is a potentially valuable diagnostic biomarker for LGIN, as determined through algorithms such as LASSO regression, SVM-RFE, and WGCNA, and confirmed through receiver operating characteristic curves and CIBESORT analysis. Our findings indicate that CLDN3 is a reliable diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer precursors, as confirmed by validation sets and immunohistochemical staining images in HPA. Additionally, we established a TF-CLDN3-miRNA regulatory network, which provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms of CLDN3 in the precancerous process of gastric cancer. We also found that immune cell infiltration may play a crucial role in the development of LGIN, and that CLDN3 has potential regulatory mechanisms in this process.
Understanding the Vicious Circle of Pain, Physical Activity, and Mental Health in Lipedema Patients – a Response Surface Analysis
Authors: Aitzetmüller-Klietz Marie-Luise , Busch Lena , Hamatschek Matthias , Paul Matthias , Schriek Carsten , Wiebringhaus Philipp , Aitzetmüller-Klietz Matthias , Kückelhaus Maximilian , Hirsch Tobias
Published: March 2023

Lipedema is a wide-spread disease with painful accumulations of subcutaneous fat in legs and arms. Often obesity co-occurs. Many patients suffer from impairment in mobility and mental health. Obesity and mental health in turn can be positively influenced by physical activity. In this study we aimed to examine the interrelations between pain and physical activity on mental health in lipedema patients. In total, 511 female lipedema patients (age M = 40.16 ± 12.45 years, BMI M = 33.86 ± 7.80 kg/m2) filled in questionnaires measuring pain (10-point scale), physical activity (7 Items; units per week), and mental health (PHQ-9; WHOQOL-BREF with subscales mental, physical, social, environmental, and overall health). Response surface analyses were calculated via R statistics. Explained variance was high for the model predicting depression severity (R2 = .18, p < .001) and physical health (R2 = .30, p < .001). Additive incongruence effects of pain and physical activity on depression severity, mental, physical, and overall health were found (all p < .001). In our study, physical activity and pain synergistically influenced physical, mental, and overall health. Pain did not only lead to low mental health but also interfered with the valuable potential of engaging in physical activity in lipedema patients.
Validity, reliability and responsiveness to change of the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) index: a cross-sectional and an intervention study of adolescents in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Erić Jelena , Bjelović Ljiljana , Janković Svjetlana , Davidović Bojana , Bozović Djordje , Krunić Jelena
Published: March 2023

Background: The clinical measures are not sufficient to assess oral health because they don’t tell us anything about functional and psychosocial aspects of oral health and do not reflect person’s concerns and subjectively perceived symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the validity, reliability and responsiveness to change of the child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) index in a Bosnian 12-14 schoolchildren.
Methods: The study population comprised 203 primary schoolchildren aged 12-14 years attending three schools in the eastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data were collected through: a clinical oral examination, oral health questionnaire and C-OIDP questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the C-OIDP were tested on a sample of 203 school-going children while responsiveness to change of the C-OIDP was assessed on 42 randomly chosen participants requiring a dental treatment.
Results: In terms of reliability, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.86 and 0.85, respectively. Regarding the testing of construct validity, the C-OIDP score was increased as children’s self-reported oral health changed from excellent to very bad and from very satisfied to dissatisfied. There was a significant improvement in C-OIDP post-treatment score compared with C-OIDP pre-treatment score. Overall, 63.4% of participants reported at least one oral impact in the last 3 months. The most affected performances were “eating” (38.4%) and “speaking” (25.1%).
Conclusion: The Bosnian version of the C-OIDP showed satisfactory validity, reliability and responsiveness to change and can be used as an appropriate OHRQoL measure for further epidemiological researches.
Research on the influence of WeChat assisted sports education mode on college football teaching from the perspective of big data
Authors: Zhao Peng
Published: March 2023

In the context of the information age, more and more learners prefer to learn by using online learning systems. Online learning can not only meet the needs of learners for collaborative learning and information interaction, but also meet the needs of mobile learning. It can break the time and space constraints and conduct fragmented learning anytime, anywhere. This paper introduces big data technology to conduct teaching design research for football courses. The design objectives of education mode include curriculum, education mode, learner and environment analysis, etc. The overall process is completed based on WeChat applications, and can be combined with collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm to achieve the construction of each system module. The experimental results show that the algorithm has higher computational efficiency. In this study, 80 college football students were selected as the experimental subjects, including 40 female students and 40 male students. They were divided into the control group and the experimental group for six weeks. The experimental items of the control group remained unchanged, while the experimental group added additional skills and tactics, sports knowledge and physical fitness. After the experiment, the effect of college football teaching was analyzed. It can be seen that the experimental group was significantly better than the control group in dribbling skills, and there were significant differences in data comparison. It shows that the sports level of the experimental group has improved significantly after the sports teaching assisted by WeChat, which proves the effect of the sports education assisted by WeChat. This paper improves the efficiency and effect of college football education by combining big data technology with WeChat assisted sports.
In-house processing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) 3D printable filaments and fused filament fabrication-3d printing of CFR-PEEK parts
Authors: Naganaboyina Harsha P. S. , Nagaraju Phaniteja , Sonaye Surendrasingh Y. , Bokam Vijay K. , Sikder Prabaha
Published: March 2023

PEEK has several approving mechanical properties; however, for certain demanding applications such as automotive, PEEK does not exhibit the required strength. Moreover, if the PEEK parts are developed by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)-based 3D Printing, there is a high chance of having PEEK parts with decreased mechanical properties. Carbon Fiber (CF) reinforcement is a well-known method of mitigating the low mechanical properties of PEEK. Hence, in the present study, we attempted to develop CF-reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) parts via FFF. First, we developed homogeneous CFR-PEEK mixtures via ball milling and explored the effects of different milling duration and speeds on the extent of uniform dispersion of the CFs in the PEEK matrix. Next, we fed the CFR-PEEK milled powders into a high-temperature extrusion setup to develop uniform-diameter CFR-PEEK filaments. We analyzed the effects of different extrusion parameters on the uniform-diameter CFR-PEEK filament quality to make it suitable for 3D Printing. Finally, the CFR-PEEK filaments were used in a high-temperature FFF setup to develop design-specific parts. Our results indicate that 400 rpm and 4h were apt for developing uniform CFR-PEEK mixtures. Interestingly, increasing the CF content above 10 vol% resulted in brittle filaments. The extrusion temperature, speed, and cooling rate played a major role in forming the uniform-diameter CFR-PEEK filaments. Finally, the 3D printed CFR-PEEK parts exhibited a tensile strength of 49MPa, lesser than unfilled PEEK. We indicate that poor interfacial bonding of the CF with the PEEK matrix is a primary reason for this reduced strength. In addition, printing defects such as pores also contributed to the reduced strength of the CFR-PEEK parts.
The role of derivations in the nilpotence and semisimpilicity of Lietriple systems
Authors: Abdelwahab Hani , Martin Antonio J. Calderon , Mehanna Moustafa
Published: March 2023

We explore the role derivations of a Lie triple system Τ play in the nilpotence and semisimplicity of T. In particular analogous to two Theorems of Jacobson for Lie algebras, (by giving a sufficient condition for the nilpotence of T in terms of the existence of an invertible derivation, and in terms of the existence of certain automorphisms), are stated. The connections between the Lie algebra of derivations of Τ and the semisimplicity of T are also studied.
AMS Subject Classifications (2020): 17A30, 17A40, 17B30, 17D99, 14D06, 14L30.
Detect malicious websites by building a neural network to capture global and local features of websites
Authors: Zhang Longwen , Yan Qiao
Published: March 2023

Malicious websites are a common way for attackers to steal user data and are a potential security threat to Internet users. With the development of machine learning techniques, malicious website detection methods based on machine learning have been proposed. However, machine learning requires manual extraction of important features and cannot detect unknown features. This leads to unstable and time-consuming predictions. With the development of deep learning, malicious website detection has been achieved by building neural network models. Neural network models can capture high-level information features directly from the data to detect classification. There are still some problems with neural network detection models that affect the accuracy of prediction results. Feature information from malicious websites is not expressed efficiently enough. The model does not capture the feature information of malicious websites well. For this reason, we propose a new malicious website detection model. Our model uses wordpiece-level features to better represent website information. Then, the model will combine the advantages of multi-filter text convolutional neural networks and multi-headed self-attention mechanism in capturing website features. The advantage is that it can capture the global and local features of malicious websites more effectively. The final captured feature vector is detected for classification by a fully connected network. We collected two datasets containing URLs of malicious websites to verify the feature capture capability of our model. From the experimental results, our model obtains 93.08% and 98.52% accuracy on the two datasets, proving the feasibility of the proposed solution.
Vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate variability in Chiredzi, Zimbabwe
Authors: Zvobgo Luckson , Odoulami Romaric C. , Johnston Peter , Simpson Nicholas P. , Trisos Christopher H.
Published: March 2023

Vulnerability to climate variability and change differs from one group to another, from sector to another, and between regions. Understanding the degree to which smallholder farmers are vulnerable to climate risk is critical when assessing adaptation responses to offset current and future risks. Here, we assessed the vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate variability in Chiredzi, Zimbabwe. Vulnerability is assessed using a two-dimensional approach – quantitative analysis of observed climate data to assess farmers’ exposure and qualitative analysis of farmers’ socio-economic data. The Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) is applied to understand levels of farmers’ livelihood vulnerability. 16 rainfall and temperature indices and extreme events critical to rainfed smallholder farmers were analysed at annual and seasonal scales from 1972–2021. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 100 smallholder farmers. Our results confirm an increased warming trend, and forward shift of the rainy season onset, with both of these indices showing statistically significant trends. A maximum temperature increase of 0.1 oC annum-1 was observed. All the other indices and extreme events exhibited insignificant trends. The total seasonal rainfall has increased by 3.2 mm annum-1. Increased interseasonal variability of the measured indices was observed. Hot days for maize and sorghum have increased by 0.25 and 0.85 days annum-1 respectively. The combination of increased delayed rainy season onset and a decreasing trend for rainy season length suggests that the rainy season is shrinking slowly. There was alignment between farmers’ perceptions of the climate and trends from observed climate data on the majority (seven) of the indices. Livelihood vulnerability to climate risk varied for farmers in communal and resettled wards. Farmers in resettled areas had a higher LVI (0.4076) than farmers in communal areas (0.3762). The LVI-IPCC shows a relatively similar index for both communal and resettled wards (-0.0874 and -0.0849 respectively). Importantly, farmers with Indigenous knowledge (IK) and local knowledge (LK) background showed lower LVI than farmers without IK and LK, implying the important role of IK and LK, in climate vulnerability assessment and in increasing farmers’ adaptive capacity. Our results have implications on the implementation of climate adaptation responses by smallholder farmers in Chiredzi. Adaptation measures should be tailored based on the vulnerability levels of farmers and their exposure to climate risks. This is important for the implementation of effective climate adaptation responses in the Chiredzi district.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Impact of Socioeconomic Status among Primary and Secondary School Students after the third COVID-19 Wave in Berlin, Germany
Authors: Kern Mascha , Glatz Toivo , Mall Marcus A. , Seybold Joachim , Kurth Tobias , Mockenhaupt Frank P. , Theuring Stefanie
Published: March 2023

In the earlier phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, studies in Germany and elsewhere found an overall reduction in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among students. However, there is little evidence on later pandemic stages as well as socioeconomic influencing factors. We aimed to 1) describe HRQoL in a Berlin student cohort at two time points in mid-2021, and to 2) analyze the effects of household income and education. We assessed HRQoL of students from 24 randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Berlin, Germany with the KIDSCREEN-10 index in June and September 2021. To adjust for non-response bias, inverse probability weighting was applied. The potential effects of both household income and education (lower vs. higher) were estimated in generalized linear mixed models, based on prior assumptions presented in directed acyclic graphs. Our cohort comprised 660 students aged 7-19 years. In June 2021, 11.3% reported low HRQoL, whereas in September 2021, this increased to 13.7%, with adolescent girls more frequently reporting low HRQoL than boys and younger children at both time points (20% and 29%). While there was no statistically significant total effect of lower household income on HRQoL, a negative effect of lower household education was statistically significant (β= -2.15, SE = 0.95, 95% CI = -4.01 to -0.29,p= 0.024). In summary, students’ HRQoL in mid-2021 was better than that documented in other studies conducted at pandemic onset. Female adolescents reported low HRQoL more often, and lower household education significantly reduced children's HRQoL. Support strategies for psychosocial wellbeing should consider socioeconomically disadvantaged children as important target groups.
DsRNA sequencing revealed previously missed terminal sequence of an ssRNA virus that infects dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama
Authors: Takahashi Michiko , Masuda Yuichi , Chiba Yuto , Urayama Syun-ichi , Nagasaki Keizo
Published: March 2023

Heterocapsa circularisquama RNA virus (HcRNAV) is the only dinoflagellate-infecting RNA virus cultured. However, only two strains of HcRNAV have been registered with complete genome sequences (strains 34 and 109 for UA and CY types, respectively). To extend the genomic information of HcRNAV, we performed full-genome sequencing of an unsequenced strain of HcRNAV (strain A8) using the fragmented and primer ligated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sequencing (FLDS) method. The complete genome of HcRNAV A8 with 4457 nucleotides (nt) was successfully determined, and sequence alignment of the major capsid protein gene suggested that A8 was a UA type strain, consistent with its intraspecific host specificity. The complete sequence was found to be 80 nt longer at the 5’ terminus than the registered sequences of HcRNAV strains, suggesting that FLDS is more reliable for determining the terminal sequence than conventional methods (5’ Rapid Amplification of cDNA End). Our study contributes to a better understanding of dinoflagellate-infecting viruses with limited sequence data.
A supervised contrast learning text classification model based on two-layer data augmentation
Authors: Wu Liang , Zhang Fangfang , Song Shinan , Cheng Chao
Published: March 2023

Supervised comparative learning makes the spatial features of similar samples close to each other by category information. However, currently supervised contrast learning relies more on the spatial feature representation of the original data, which lacks enough intra-class variation to obtain good results when training data is lacking. A supervised comparative learning text classification model based on two-layer data augmentation(TDACL) has been presented to improve intra-class diversity and gain better feature representation, which serves the text classification task.TDACL first improves intra-class diversity using keyword-based data augmentation in the input layer and interpolated data augmentation in the hidden layer.Afterward, a compact intra-class feature space is learned using contrast loss. Experiments in low-resource environments show that our approach is more effective in improving the performance of the model when training data is scarce. We conducted experiments on four different datasets, SST-2, CR, TREC, and PC, achieving 92.10%, 92.54%, 97.61%, and 95.27% accuracy, respectively, outperforming the robust baseline approach.
Insights into the relationship between hydraulic safety, hydraulic efficiency and tree structural complexity from terrestrial laser scanning and fractal analysis
Authors: Dorji Yonten , Isasa Emilie , Cabral Juliano Sarmento , Tobgay Tashi , Annighöfer Peter , Schuldt Bernhard , Seidel Dominik
Published: March 2023

The potential of trees to adapt to drier and hotter climates will determine the future state of forests in the wake of a changing climate. Attributes connected to trees’ hydraulic network are likely to determine their ability to endure drought. However, how a tree's architectural attributes relate to its drought tolerance remains understudied. We set out to quantify the relationship between tree structural complexity and drought tolerance. We used terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to scan 71 trees of 18 species and generated 3D attributes of each tree. We constructed quantitative structure models (QSMs) to characterize the branching patterns of all study trees. Additionally, the box-dimension approach from fractal analysis was used to assess overall structural complexity of the trees. Three measures of xylem safety, i.e., the water potential at 12%, 50%, and 88% loss of hydraulic conductance (P12, P50, P88), were measured to characterize drought tolerance of the trees’ hydraulic systems, completed by data on specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks). Our findings revealed a significant relationship between the structural complexity (Db) and the three measures of xylem safety as well as Ks. Tree species with low structural complexity developed embolism-resistant xylem at the cost of hydraulic efficiency. Our findings also revealed that the Db had a more pronounced and significant relationship with branch hydraulic safety and efficiency than all other tested structural attributes. Our findings indicate that the Db is a robust and easy-to-measure descriptor of tree architecture that relates to important branch hydraulic properties of a tree.
Kurdish Sorani dialect Morphological Verb Generation Using a Concatenative Rule-based Strategy
Authors: Aziz Kardo O. , Teimoor Ramyar A. , Tofiq Tofiq A. , Salih Dilman A.
Published: March 2023

Morphological generation in natural language processing involves the generation of correct inflected forms of words based on a given set of morphological rules. However, morphological generation in languages with complex morphological systems such as the Kurdish Sorani dialect can be challenging. This paper proposes a novel approach to morphological generation in Kurdish Sorani, based on concatenative morphology. The proposed approach aims to overcome the limitations of existing methods and improve the accuracy and efficiency of morphological generation in Kurdish Sorani. The proposed method is for generating Kur- dish morphological verb tenses with all the possible subjective and objective pronouns in both positive and negative forms. The paper provides a thorough analysis of the morphology of Kurdish Sorani and identifies the challenges in generating correct word forms. The authors propose a morphological generation system based on concatenative morphology, which consists of a morphological analyzer and a morphological generator.
EDTA facilitated phytoextraction of Pb, Cd and Zn from a lead – zinc mine contaminated soil by three new accumulator plants (Marrubium cuneatum, Stipa arabica and Verbascum speciosum)
Authors: Hosseinniaee Sadegh , Jafari Mohammad , Tavili Ali , Zare Salman , Cappai Giovanna
Published: March 2023

This study aims to evaluate the enhancement of phytoextraction of heavy metals Pb, Cd and Zn by speciesM. cuneatum, S. arabica and V. speciosum, through EDTA amendment. Assisted phytoextraction pot experiments were performed at different EDTA dosages (0, 1, 3 and 5 mmol kg-1soil). Generally, applying EDTA decreased pH and increased EC, while no significant effect was observed on organic matter, nitrogen, and exchangeable K and P. Also the activity of soil dehydrogenase enzyme was inhibited at 5 mmol kg-1EDTA.The phytoavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn increased significantly in the presence of EDTA, followed by the contents of them in the tissues of all three studied speciesamplified. Resulting from oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of metals, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased, when chelating agent was added. EDTA showed fluctuating effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) content and in higher doses it partially decreased chlorophyll concentration. EDTA at the level of 1 and 3 mmol kg-1enhanced the plant growth, but 5 mmol kg-1of that reduced the biomass of the studied species. The Bioconcentration factor (BCF) for Cd was notably high in all studied plants, and considerably elevated for Zn and Pb with the addition of EDTA inM. cuneatumandS. arabica(BCF>1), whilst accumulation factor greater one (AF>1) were found for Cd in all species and for Pb in the case ofS. arabica. Predictive models for metal accumulation in plant tissues were developed using stepwise multiple linear regression, with pH and Cd showing the highest contribution to interpretation and variability of the dependent variables. In general, the results demonstrated that EDTA can be an effective amendment for phytoextraction of Cd, Zn and Pb byM. cuneatum,V. speciosumandS. arabicain contaminated soils.
Classification of lumbar spondylosis from MRI images using CNN ensemble method
Authors: Kassaw Ewunate Assaye , Enyew Bekele Mulat , Abitew Abebe Alemu , Gebrewold Yonathan
Published: March 2023

Background: Due to an unfavorable ratio between the mechanical load and the size of the intervertebral discs, lumbar spondylosis, one of the most common causes of morbidity and disability. The preferred imaging technique for determining the origins of complex lower back pain is MRI. Healthcare systems in underdeveloped countries have a shortage of radiologists. Developing a CNN ensemble model for diagnosing lumbar spondylosis from MRI images was the aim of this study.
Methods: 11158 T1 and T2 labeled MRI scans were collected from the University of Gondar specialized hospital and prepared for image processing. Since the median filter performed better than the others, it was chosen to denoise the data. The data was then augmented and split into an 80:20 train test ratio. An ensemble model was built by concatenating the proposed CNN and VGG19 models. Finally, the model was deployed.
Results: An ensemble model achieved strong performance of 98.16% accuracy, 98% recall, and 98% precision. The GUI provides a setting appropriate for routine model usage.
Conclusion: The research confirms that lumbar spondylosis can be diagnosed using MRI data and a CNN ensemble model.
Reconstructing diagenetic mineral reactions from silicified horizons of the Paleoproterozoic Biwabik Iron Formation, Minnesota
Authors: Duncanson Samuel , Brengman Latisha , Johnson Jena , Eyster Athena , Fournelle John , Moy Aurélien
Published: March 2023

Primary phases in iron-rich chemical sedimentary rocks are important archives of seawater geo-chemistry throughout the Precambrian. The record of seawater chemistry, however, is obscured by post-depositional changes that occur during diagenesis, metamorphism, and modern weathering. Recent studies have identified silica-cemented horizons in some Archean and Paleoproterozoic iron formation that may preserve reduced, texturally early mineral phases, which may inform interpretations of oxygen dynamics preceding atmospheric oxygen accumulation before the ~2.3 Ga Great Oxidation Event (GOE). However, fewer investigations focus on silica-cemented horizons in Paleoproterozoic iron formation deposited after the GOE, a period where oxygen levels are poorly constrained. Here, we present petrographic observations, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and Raman spectroscopy of iron mineral phases preserved within silica-cemented horizons of the ~1.9 Ga Biwabik Iron Formation (Minnesota, U.S.A.) to constrain texturally early iron formation mineralogy from this crucial post-GOE interval. Based on textural relationships, the iron silicate greenalite is identified as the earliest-forming iron silicate mineral preserved within silica-cemented horizons. The magnesium- and aluminum-rich iron silicates chamosite and stilpnomelane are preserved proximal to fine-grained, non-silicified horizons, suggesting local geochemical exchange during early diagenesis. The presence of well preserved, early-forming silicates containing predominantly ferrous iron may indicate reducing conditions at the sediment-water interface during deposition of the Biwabik Iron Formation. More definitively, future studies using iron silicate mineralogy as seawater geochemistry proxies should consider preservation by silica cementation, in addition to the effects of local geochemical exchange during diagenesis.
Relationship between e-service quality dimensions and online banking customer satisfaction
Authors: M. Anwarul Islam K. , Islam Serajul , Mobarak Karim Md. , Shariful Haque Md. , Sultana Tania
Published: March 2023

Recently, the demand for internet banking has been gradually increasing the number of online banking customers, where the banking clients or customers do not need to visit a bank branch for their transactions. The principal focus of this inquiry is to ascertain how various aspects of e-service quality relate to online baking customers’ happiness, particularly with regard to Bangladeshi commercial banks. Data information was collected from three commercial banks in Bangladesh using an online survey questionnaire, and this study is quantitative and exploratory in nature. The study considered those bank customers who use frequently online/internet banking services. The sample size was n=200, and the study adopted a non-probability sampling approach. Five-point Likert scale was used to measure an item-wise question where “1” stands for “Highly Disagree” and “5” stands for “Highly Agree”. The consequences of this study demonstrate that e-service quality dimensions play a significant role in creating customer satisfaction for online banking customers. The study proposes four hypotheses, and the hypotheses are accepted in this research. Based on this study, bank management should have utilized e-service quality dimensions such as perceived security risk, perceived ease of use, perceived website quality, and perceived responsiveness to create the relationship between e-service quality dimensions and online banking customer satisfaction. Bank management will receive some guidance on developing policies and strategies to improve the satisfaction level of online customers.
Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi ile Eğri Eksenli Petek Kirişlerin Eğilme Analizi
Authors: ERTÜRKMEN Duygu , NOORİ Ahmad Reshad
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada, eğri eksenli petek kirişlerin statik davranışı, üç boyutlu sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, gövde boşluk geometrisinin petek kirişlerin yer değiştirme ve gerilme değerlerine etkisinin detaylı bir şekilde araştırılmasıdır. Analizlerde daire, kare, beşgen ve altıgen olacak şekilde 4 farklı gövde boşluk tipi kullanılmıştır. Sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile model kurulurken 10 düğümlü tetrahedral tipi sonlu eleman kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan malzeme lineer izotropik ve homojen olup, çeliğin mekanik özellikleri kullanılmıştır. Sınır koşulları ankastre – ankastre, ankastre – basit ve ankastre – serbest olarak ele alınmıştır. Sonuçlar, IPE220 ve IPE300 profillerinden oluşan daire eksenli petek kirişler için detaylı bir şekilde sunulmuştur. Yapılan tahkiklere göre gövde boşluk tipinin, bu tür yapı elemanlarının yer değiştirme değerleri, von-Mises gerilmeleri ve maksimum asal gerilme değerleri üzerinde önemli ölçüde etkili olduğu görülmektedir.