bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful experience of spontaneous labor after a single cesarean section
Authors: Hamad Maya Alhaj , Alaeid Shaza , Abdullah Raed
Published: September 2024

Introduction
The birth plan for pregnant women with a history of cesarean delivery is controversial nowadays, as many pregnant women want to repeat cesarean delivery instead of vaginal delivery, and fears of complications make some obstetricians avoid vaginal delivery.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Zahrawi Hospital in Damascus, during the period 20/12/2023 to 10/7/2024. The patients' files at the hospital were studied, and their number was 306 patients after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results
The data of 306 pregnant women were studied, where 264 of them underwent a trial of labor and 42 underwent an elective cesarean section. The success rate of the trial of labor was (82.2%), compared to the failure rate of the trial of labor (17.8%). The majority of pregnant women in both groups had a body mass index of 25–29 kg/m2. Failure to complete vaginal delivery accounted for 61.7% of previous cesarean section indications in the group with current failed labor versus 34.6% in the group with successful labor. In the group with current failed labor, previous cesarean section indications such as elderly or high-risk pregnancy were higher than in the group with successful labor.
Conclusion
In this study, we found that the success rate of labor was 82.2%, with good cesarean scar in 64.5%.
The influence of statin therapy on the recurrence of early-stage estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Xiaowen , Gao Jia , Sun Yiming , Zhang Feng
Published: September 2024

Statins have been recognized for their significant role in mitigating drug resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer. A substantial body of research has indicated that statin usage is associated with a marked improvement in both overall survival rates and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) among patients. The objective of this research is to determine whether the use of statins influences the local recurrence in early-stage estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. This investigation could provide crucial insights into the potential of statins as an adjunct therapy to reduce the risk of recurrence in this patient population.
Materials and Methods: Our review encompassed three studies comparing the recurrence rates in stage I-III ER+ breast cancer patients who did and did not use statins. The endpoint focused on recurrence, with the inclusion criterion being studies that reported fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Summary odds ratios (ORs) were derived using random-effects models. Publication bias and heterogeneity were evaluated through sensitivity analyses, Q statistic tests, and I² tests.
Results: Three population-based studies, comprising a total of 102,525 patients with ER+ breast cancer, were included in our analysis: 24,598 of whom were on statin therapy, and 77,349 were not. The pooled OR revealed a notably significant 52% reduction in the risk of recurrence for patients who used statins compared to those who did not (Summary OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27–0.86). Our analysis of three population-based studies, which included a total of 102,525 ER+ breast cancer patients 24,598 on statin therapy and 77,349 not on statins demonstrates a significant 52% reduction in recurrence risk for those treated with statins. However, it is crucial to acknowledge the substantial heterogeneity present among the studies, as indicated by an I² of 96% and a highly significant chi-square test (P < 0.00001). In the Leave-One-Out Sensitivity Analysis, the meta-analysis results proved to be relatively stable with the exclusion of studies Sim Y 2022 and Borgquist S 2017. Nevertheless, the study by Ahern TP 2011 exerted a more significant influence on the overall effect size, suggesting a potential contribution to the observed heterogeneity. Regarding publication bias, Egger’s test yielded a P-value of 0.1964, indicating no evidence of small-study effects or publication bias in this meta-analysis.
Conclusion: The pooled OR for statin use compared to non-use is 0.48 with a 95% CI of [0.27, 0.86]. Despite the considerable variation in ORs and high heterogeneity, the conclusions drawn from the three studies are relatively consistent, indicating that the use of statins indeed reduces the recurrence rate in early-stage ER+ breast cancer patients.
Understanding Sustainable Entrepreneurship Through Bibliometrics Analysis
Authors: Kumari Ritu , Kumar Deepak
Published: September 2024

This bibliometrics study aims to identify trends related to documents, authors, conceptual structure, and networks between different authors, institutions, and countries on green entrepreneurship. It also aims to identify future research directions. In this work, 356 publications were recovered from the WOS (Web of Science) record from the time of 2018 to 2022 were analyzed and conclusions were drawn using the ‘bibliometric R-package’ (biblioshiny) and ‘VOSviewer’. The UK and the USA are among the top countries that are primarily driving research on green entrepreneurship. Cohn B, Genus A, and Fichter K are among the authors who published numerous articles on green entrepreneurship, according to this bibliometrics study. The analysis was constructed based on keywords and concluded that the areas that are still undeveloped but have a high degree of relevance include, Research and Development, Innovation, Technology, education, industry, etc. The study highlights the lack of collaboration in green entrepreneurship, highlighting the need for collaboration among nations, organizations, and researchers. Furthermore, the business and management discipline dominate writings on green entrepreneurship, necessitating a broadening of focus and combining several professions. This bibliometric evaluation provides a thorough, organized, and impartial analysis of the green entrepreneurship sector, reducing bias. Drawing from citations, it broadens the scope of previous evaluations, identifies gaps, and sets future study objectives to spur new research streams.
The Classification of Land Use and Land Cover was conducted using the Manual Method in ArcGIS and using AI/ML in the Google Earth Engine for Salem District, Tamilnadu, India.
Authors: Junaid S. Mohammed
Published: September 2024

This study examines the land use and land cover (LULC) classification in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India, using both a manual method in ArcGIS and an AI-driven approach in the Google Earth Engine (GEE). The manual method offers high accuracy but is labor intensive, while GEE uses cloud computing and machine learning for greater efficiency and scalability. The study compares the accuracy, efficiency, and applicability of both methods across different scales and temporal resolutions. The results showed that ArcGIS is better for detailed, small-scale work, while GEE excels in large-scale and dynamic analyses. This study identifies the strengths and limitations of each approach and suggests future research directions for environmental monitoring, urban planning, and emerging technologies.
Comparative Analysis of Linear Regression and Machine Learning Models for Dead Fuel Moisture Content Prediction in Golestan Province Forests, NE Iran
Authors: Alhaj-Khalaf Mhd. Wathek , Jouibary Shaban Shataee , Jahdi Roghayeh , Jolly William M.
Published: September 2024

Aim of Study: This study evaluates the performance of machine learning models versus linear regression models in predicting Fuel Moisture Content (FMC) for different time-lag fuel classes (1-hr, 10-hr, and litter) in Golestan province, NE Iran.
Area of Study: The study was conducted across Golestan province, NE, Iran.
Material and Methods: The FMC data are collected from 235 plots, and The models of Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting (GBoost), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) have been employed in predicting FMC using meteorological variables and topographic features.
Main Results: Multivariable machine learning models outperformed univariate models. RF achieved the highest accuracy with an R²adj of 97.08 and a relative RMSE of 5.93% on training data and an R²adj of 87.99 with a relative RMSE of 10.44% on test data. SVM also performed well, with R²adj values of 85.40 for training data and 86.86 for test data. In contrast, linear regression models showed lower accuracy, with RH as the best univariate model, achieving an R²_adj of 66.70 and a relative RMSE of 18.90%. Multivariable regression models improved performance but still fell short of machine learning models.
Research Highlights: RH and VPD were identified as the most important variables for FMC prediction, particularly in fine fuels. Machine learning models demonstrated superior performance due to their ability to describe nonlinear relationships and handle high-dimensional data. Further research should explore incorporating additional environmental variables and expanding the study to other regions and fuel types to refine model accuracy.
Fatores associados ao óbito por covid-19 em hospital universitário do sul do Brasil: Estudo transversal
Authors: Packeiser Priscila Becker , Pereira Leonardo Regis Leira
Published: September 2024

Este é um estudo transversal com coleta de dados retrospectiva que analisou 356 pacientes internados em hospital universitário referência em casos graves por COVID-19 no período temporal da primeira e segunda onda no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A mortalidade foi o desfecho de interesse e variáveis significativas foram submetidas à regressão de Poisson. Noventa e nove (27,8%) pacientes tiveram óbito como desfecho. Baixa escolaridade, admissão em mal estado geral, desnutrição, ausência de diagnóstico prévio de COVID-19, apresentar outros sintomas que não gripais ou respiratórios e ter polifarmácia foram mais frequentes nos pacientes que morreram. Foram encontradas taxa de filtração glomerular reduzida, D-Dímero, proteína C reativa, uréia e Razão Normalizada Internacional elevadas quando da admissão hospitalar dos pacientes que morreram. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos óbitos entre os períodos da pandemia. Após análise multivariada, os fatores relacionados ao óbito, em ordem decrescente de prevalência, foram institucionalização, ventilação mecânica prolongada (>21 dias) e por até 21 dias, alta Razão Normalizada Internacional na admissão, idade acima de 65 anos, necessidade de diálise e insuficiência respiratória aguda. Os resultados auxiliam no conhecimento do comportamento da doença e fornecem subsídios para treinamento e alocação de recursos em cenários de demandas exponenciais de atendimento, como surtos e epidemias.
Desafios de gestão da Atenção Primária à Saúde na pandemia de Covid-19: percepção de gestores
Authors: Aleluia Ítalo Ricardo Santos , De Sousa Maria Lidiany Tributino , Pereira Marcos , Penha Anna Flávia Bezerra , Brandão Valéria Marçal dos Santos , Carvalho Larissa de Queiroz , Mendonça Sandy Kerllen Almondes , Oliveira Tarcio de Almeida
Published: September 2024

Este estudo buscou identificar os principais desafios de gestão da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) na pandemia de Covid-19, a partir da percepção de gestores do Sistema Único de Saúde de duas macrorregiões de saúde da Bahia. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo e exploratório mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas com 27 atores selecionados por conveniência e atuantes na gestão estadual, regional e municipal, complementados através de análise documental, entre julho de 2021 e fevereiro de 2022. Os resultados demonstraram que os desafios da gestão da atenção primária na pandemia de Covid-19 variaram do planejamento à gestão do sistema de saúde, destacando-se aspectos críticos e relativos à cooperação dos municípios com a gestão estadual, à infraestrutura e cobertura dos sistemas locais, à gestão, organização e prestação dos serviços primários.  Evidenciou-se o papel central desse nível na mitigação da doença, mas a atenção básica não foi explorada em suas potencialidades, tornando-se imprescindível reconhecer a importância desse nível e o necessário fortalecimento de uma governança regional para fortalecer a APS.
Efeitos da suplementação do aminoácido L-Citrulina na infecção experimental por Leishmania infantum (Syn. L. chagasi)
Authors: Da Silva Raniella Borges , De Sousa Raimundo Leoberto Torres , De Carvalho Fernando Aécio Amorim , Alves Michel Mualém de Moraes , Araújo João Victor Silva , Fonseca Clarisse Maria Barbosa , De Barros Gabriel Martins , De Sousa Roniele Araújo , Mendonça Tarsia Giabardo Silva , De Albuquerque Lidiane Pereira , Mendonça Vagner José
Published: September 2024

Introdução: A Leishmania infantum é o agente etiológico causador da leishmaniose visceral, doença que afeta milhões de pessoas ao redor do mundo. Este estudo explora o potencial terapêutico da suplementação com L-Citrulina, um aminoácido não essencial, na modulação da resposta imune e atenuação da progressão dessa doença em modelos murinos. Métodos: Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos de acordo com o início da suplementação de L-citrulina: tratamento prévio (Grupo A) e tratamento sincrônico (Grupo B), cada um contendo 20 animais. Após 7 dias do início da suplementação no grupo A, 10 camundongos dos grupos A e B foram inoculados com 1x106 promatigotas de L. infantum e os demais receberam solução salina. Após 7 dias de infecção, todos os animais foram analisados clinicamente. Além disso, estes tiveram o peso corporal analisado em três momentos: 7 dias antes da infecção, no dia da infecção e após 7 dias de infecção ao final, os valores foram tabelados e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: Foi possível verificar que suplementação de L-Citrulina resultou em um maior percentual de ganho de peso corporal nos animais tanto infectados quanto não infectados nos períodos analisados. No grupo tratado sincronicamente com a infecção, os animais infectados apresentaram ganho de peso significativo quando comparado ao que receberam solução salina. Conclusão: A suplementação de L-Citrulina pode enquadrar-se como uma estratégia nutricional promissora durante tratamento da infecção por L. infantum, logo, torna-se interessante avaliar os efeitos do uso desse aminoácido em humanos e em outras doenças hipercatabolicas.
Evolución del número de autores en las publicaciones del ámbito académico español en el periodo 1990-2022
Authors: León-Marín Joaquín , Sáenz-López Mar
Published: September 2024

Se analiza la evolución que ha habido en materia de colaboración científica, a partir de una muestra muy representativa de investigadores españoles de todas las áreas de conocimiento y de las publicaciones en las que estos han participado, estudiando el número de autores que figuran en los trabajos publicados entre los años 1990 y 2022. Se ofrecen dos tipos de resultados, presentando la evolución que ha habido en el número de autores que participan en las publicaciones en veinticinco disciplinas temáticas y haciendo una comparativa porcentual de la evolución de las coautorías en cinco grandes ámbitos temáticos. Finalmente se presentan opciones de posibles futuros estudios en este ámbito.
Clasificación de procesos de evaluación de la información en línea y metodologías para la enseñanza en la detección de noticias falsas
Authors: Ruiz-Gonzalez Diana A. , Machin-Mastromatteo Juan D. , Tarango Javier
Published: September 2024

Los flujos actuales de información en línea han tomado dimensiones inmensurables, logrando con ello influir en las masas, tanto de forma positiva como negativa, permitiendo así la toma de decisiones y la generación de formas de pensar, que en diversas ocasiones resultan infundadas y provocan la desinformación. El análisis parte de la necesidad de generar una contribución epistémica en torno a los procesos de información en línea con fines de clasificación y caracterización general con especial enfoque hacia países emergentes (especialmente latinoamericanos) a través de la investigación documental. Esta propuesta identifica la construcción de una taxonomía de procesos de evaluación de la información, constituida en tres grupos generales: (1) los estructurados (provenientes de la educación formal y por medio de contenidos sistemáticos que provocan un aprendizaje explícito); (2) los no estructurados (adquiridos de forma deliberada, por medio de procesos no formales, que generan un aprendizaje tácito que no necesariamente es correcto o fundamentado); y (3) los complementarios (referidos a metodologías alternativas de diagnóstico sobre situaciones de desinformación). Se concluye presentando propuestas de diversas formas de intervención e identificación de mejores prácticas en razón de evitar sesgos en la mala interpretación, especialmente cuando la información es falsa.
EDUCACIÓN SOSTENIBLE Y SALUD HUMANA EN LA SOCIEDAD: REFLEXIONES SOBRE LA INFLUENCIA DE LA QUÍMICA VERDE POSPANDEMIA
Authors: A. Arreche Romina , G. Vázquez Patricia
Published: September 2024

SUSTAINABLE EDUCATION AND HUMAN HEALTH IN SOCIETY: REFLECTIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF GREEN CHEMISTRY POST-PANDEMIC. The objective of this work is to add the serious inconveniences that the pandemic brought with the social difficulties in education and health. Important institutions generated the 2030 Agenda that contains Sustainable Development Goals to be implemented in the period 2016-2030. These 17 objectives have been outlined to encompass the wide range of societal challenges, such as economic and environmental, that influence social communities (family, school). This work will focus on Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 4, respectively, which can only be met if citizens take into their hands the education that plays an important role in having a healthy life. This will consider the teaching and learning of sustainable chemistry in social contexts such as the classroom, the family, the links between students and teachers that cause diseases. The regrouping of students according to the work levels achieved during the crisis or the development of personalized proposals to intensify work processes is valid. This leads to living with decisions that will have good or bad results, which is why each region has different responses to the crisis experienced.
Tortugas continentales en el registro arqueológico y etnozoológico del Caribe Colombiano: una reflexión sobre el uso sustentable como recurso alimenticio
Authors: Mendoza Roldán Juan Salvador
Published: September 2024

Este trabajo busca generar un compendio inicial sobre la diversidad de tortugas continentales en el registro arqueológico y etnozoológico del Caribe colombiano, como una forma de entender las relaciones históricas entre estos reptiles y los seres humanos, aportando una reflexión hacia el uso sustentable de este recurso alimenticio de la biodiversidad colombiana.
Reflexões acerca das narrativas disseminadas pela extrema direita contemporânea a partir de Hannah Arendt
Authors: Costa Brotas Carmen Lúcia
Published: September 2024

A desordem informacional que permeou acontecimentos recentes como as eleições brasileiras e americanas, a crise pandêmica e a refutação as questões climáticas apontadas por diversos cientistas evidencia complexo fenômeno que se apresenta com características transnacionais, uma vez que é vivenciado em sociedades de todos os continentes. Destarte, este cenário tem conduzido atores sociais e internacionais a refletirem acerca deste ambiente informacional,  buscando compreender as suas causas e características e apontar medidas que possam mitigar os efeitos nocivos que eles são capazes de causar. A emergência da extrema direita em diversos países contribuiu para que este quadro se estabelecesse e fosse mantido. Assim, os entendimentos de Hannah Arendt acerca da relação entre verdade, mentira e política, bem assim as contribuições acerca da propaganda perpetrada pelos regimes totalitários por ela estudados  - nazismo e bolchevismo - se revela pertinente referencial para a abordagem dos fenômenos causadores da desordem informacional na atualidade. Este artigo tem como propósito estabelecer o diálogo entre as compreensões de Arendt com o cenário contemporâneo, no qual se constata intensa disseminação de conteúdos inverídicos e desinformativos como é o caso das fake news e dos negacionismos. A pretensão deste trabalho é, portanto, identificar em que medida as conclusões arendtianas acerca da propaganda totalitária se aproximam/afastam do modelo comunicacional da extrema direita contemporânea. A pesquisa é qualitativa e documental e tem como escopo realizar análise de contexto a partir dos entendimentos arendtianos. Ao final se pode perceber pontos de aproximação entre os dois movimentos – totalitarismo e extrema direita contemporânea.
Informação e memória no âmbito da arquivologia e da ciência da informação
Authors: Abrantes Paula Cotrim de , Guedes Vania Lisboa da Silveira
Published: September 2024

A Arquivologia e a Ciência da Informação como campos do conhecimento, e os profissionais que atuam nesses domínios, são agentes fundamentais na organização, recuperação, acesso e guarda da informação e da memória. No entanto, na era digital controlada pelo Big Data e algoritmos computacionais, é plausível ficar em dúvida se a informação e a memória que estão sendo guardadas são escolhas conscientes dos indivíduos ou decisões dos sistemas computacionais. Por meio de um estudo exploratório, com emprego de revisão bibliográfica, este artigo busca trazer à tona essas reflexões. Conclui que arquivistas e cientistas da informação precisam compreender as dimensões e consequências do controle algorítmico no registro, recuperação e acesso da informação e da memória.
Exploring the Potential Role of Sophora alopecuroides L. in Inflammation of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Induced by Lipoteichoic Acid Based
on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: Yuan Ziwen , Li Fang , Zhang Wenfei , Wei Yanming , Hua Yongli
Published: September 2024

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of
Sophora alopecuroides L. (KDZ) on lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced inflammation in Bovine
Mammary Epithelial Cells (BMEC).

Method:

The KDZ active ingredient database was established by using ultra-high-performance
liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) to detect
the chemical components of KDZ and combine it with the TCMSP database. Furthermore,
potential targets of KDZ active ingredients were collected through the UniProt database, and
mastitis-related targets were screened through the OMIM, Genecard, and DisGeNET databases.
Furthermore, common targets were identified between ingredient targets and disease targets, and
protein-protein interaction analysis was performed on them using the STRING platform. Furthermore,
the protein interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape software. Core targets
were screened through network topology analysis. On this basis, GO and KEGG enrichment
analyses were performed on the common target, and molecular simulation docking analysis was
conducted on the main active ingredients and core targets. Finally, the accuracy of the network
analysis results was validated using in vitro cell experiments.

Result:

The results of UPLC-QTOF-MS detection and network pharmacology analysis showed
that KDZ could intervene in signaling pathways, such as the IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling
pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, etc., by acting on 80 common targets through 15 potential
active ingredients, thereby regulating biological processes, such as positive regulation of
peptidyl serine physiology, apoptotic process, and inflammatory response, to treat mastitis. Besides,
molecular simulation docking analysis also showed that the main active ingredients in
KDZ, such as quercetin, matrine, calycosin, etc., can form stable bindings with 11 core targets
(TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, etc.) through hydrogen bonding. Further in vitro validation experiments
confirmed that KDZ intervention could inhibit the IL-17 signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression
of GSK3β and subsequently inhibiting the production of downstream inflammatory cytokines
IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, thereby alleviating LTA-induced BMEC inflammatory
damage.

Conclusion:

KDZ can alleviate LTA-induced BMEC inflammatory damage by inhibiting the IL-
17 signaling pathway. This study can provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of
KDZ and lay the foundation for the development of new therapeutic drugs for mastitis.
A Comprehensive Review on Nephrolithiasis: Etiology Recent Advances and Clinical Trials
Authors: Pal Karan , Verma Sushma , Agarwal Chhaya , Sharma Deep Shikha
Published: September 2024

Kidney stone disease, or nephrolithiasis, is a common condition with high morbidity
that affects people all over the world. It is important to comprehend the etiology and contemporary
developments in its management to enhance patient results. In this study, we describe a thorough
analysis of nephrolithiasis, with particular attention to its etiology, current developments in
treatment modalities, and ongoing clinical studies by utilizing electronic databases. A thorough
search of the literature was carried out to find pertinent papers published through 2024 and the genesis
of nephrolithiasis, new treatment developments, and ongoing clinical trials. The review clarifies
the complex interplay between dietary variables, metabolic disorders, and genetic susceptibility
that leads to nephrolithiasis. The most recent developments in treatment modalities, such as minimally
invasive operations and medication therapies, are examined. Furthermore, ongoing clinical
trials examining new treatments and preventative measures are emphasized. A multidisciplinary
approach is necessary for the optimal care of nephrolithiasis because it is a complex condition influenced
by a variety of factors. While ongoing clinical trials hold promise for additional innovation
in nephrolithiasis therapy and prevention, recent therapeutic developments offer promising
pathways for enhanced patient care. Addressing the difficulties brought on by this common ailment
requires cooperation and ongoing study.
Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Kaur Sarabjeet , Lal Madan , Sharma Prianka
Published: September 2024

Environmental pollution has become biggest threat to mankind due to its
adverse effects on human health and the ecosystem. Rapid industrialization, expansion
of urbanization and adoption of latest technologies lead to the release of hazardous byproducts and effluents that contaminate the environment. Nanotechnology has proved
to be a potential technique for environmental remediation. It involves the most
advanced processes that can be successfully utilized in overcoming the issues of
environmental contamination due to their unique properties. Multifunctional
characteristics of nanomaterials offer unparalleled opportunities in the elimination of
pollutants in the nanoscale like volatile compounds, heavy metals, inorganic and
organic ions, drugs, pesticides, aromatic heterocycles, biological toxins, pathogens, etc.
Nanomaterials with smaller size, higher surface area, quantum confinement and low
reduction potential bring versatility in their functionality. These nanomaterials can be
utilized as chemical oxidants, catalysts, adsorbents, nanosensors, etc. Surface
engineering of nanomaterials can be utilized to enhance their surface area and
maximize their reactivity for adsorption of pollutants and promote catalytic reactions
by oxidation or reduction of pollutants from contaminated medium. Besides surface
area, the selectivity of specific nanoparticles also affects the remediation process. In
this chapter, we have given a brief introduction to the nanoremediation pathways
broadly categorized into four categories: adsorption, photocatalysis, nano-membrane,
nanosensors for different classes of nanomaterials like carbon-based, metal and metal
oxides, magnetic, two dimensional, etc. Nanomaterials can prove to be efficient in
energy harvesting and storage applications due to the interplay between surface and
interface. Hence, there has been continuous demand for nanomaterials with new
architectures and physically controlled properties for the purpose of energy harvesting.
Carbon Nanotubes: Measure for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Karol Vidushi , Kaur Sarabjeet , Sharma Prianka
Published: September 2024

Wastewater and other environmental concerns have an impact on every area
of our life. Combining novel functional carbon nanomaterials (such as carbon
nanotubes, graphene oxide and graphene) with established remediation techniques will
provide fresh perspective on environmental problems, their causes and potential
solutions for coexisting peacefully with nature. All around the world, water
contamination has grown to be a major, enduring and increasing issue. It has
detrimental effects on population health, aquatic flora and wildlife and the
sustainability of water resources. Because there aren't enough efficient facilities for
treating pollutants, the overall amount of water that is available is drastically reduced.
Current methods of water filtration take long time, cost lot of money and are ineffective
in removing newly discovered micropollutants. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are a class
of materials with special physicochemical, electrical and mechanical characteristics
that can be used as environmental adsorbents, sensors, membranes and catalysts. CNTs
can be created using particular functionalization or modification procedures, depending
on the intended application and the chemical make-up of the target pollutants. Designer
CNTs can significantly increase the effectiveness of contaminant removal and help
with nanomaterial regeneration and recovery. Different chemical, inorganic, and
biological pollutants have been treated using an expanding number of CNT-based
products. These success stories show how they have lot of potential for real-world uses
like desalination and wastewater treatment. In this chapter, the existing research on the
interactions between different pollutants and CNTs in soil and water settings has been
critically reviewed. The chapter will also assist in identifying the research voids that
need to be filled in order to increase CNTs' economic via bility in the environmental
remediation sector. Additionally, this makes an effort to present a broad overview of
the prospective low-dimensional carbon nano-materials and their composites as adsorbents, catalysts, or catalytic support for the social sustainable environmental
remediation solutions to the various difficulties arising.
Development of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices from Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Thakur Priyanka , Sharma Navdeep , Thakur Prashant , Lal Madan , Sharma Pankaj , Pathak Dinesh
Published: September 2024

Piezoelectric energy harvesting has attracted wide attention to fulfill day-byday increasing energy demand. Owing to its benefits, which include scalability, high
power density, and simple architecture, piezoelectric ceramics have become the first
choice of researchers over their counterparts such as electromagnetic and electrostatic
energy harvesters. Despite extensive research and widespread use of lead-based
piezoelectric ceramics, removing lead from these applications for environmental
concerns is still difficult. Modern lead-free piezoelectric energy harvesting technology
is reviewed in this chapter. Fundamental piezoelectric concepts and several
piezoelectric material qualities are presented in a succinct theory part. A literature
review on the advancement of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, specifically KNN, BT,
and BNT-based ceramics, since 2010 is presented. Applications for energy harvesting
have also been described and assessed. Finally, based on their current developments,
different challenges and future perspectives are also encompassed.
Role of Thermal Spray Additive Manufacturing in Combating Climate Changes
Authors: Kumar Santosh
Published: September 2024

Thermal spray coating processes are commonly employed to manufacture
surfaces for distinct harsh industrial applications including power generation and
aerospace. Application of various thermal spray techniques is significant for diverse
applications, which can affect the mining of critical raw materials (titanium, nickel,
cobalt, tungsten, yttrium etc.). As a result, thermal spraying alone has contributed to
reducing mining through reuse, reduction and recycling of coated base materials.
Thermal spraying also prevents the need to discard costly superalloys by enabling
selective repair of gas turbine and aero engine parts, which would otherwise donate to
increased greenhouse gas emissions from casting, remelting and additional downstream
operations like machining. Recently, cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) has
played a significant role in manufacturing industries owing to many benefits such as
high process flexibility, less production time, high accuracy and quality reduced power
consumption, and powder and gas requirement than traditional manufacturing
processes. This advanced manufacturing process can build 3D parts and has the
potential to alter the future of the manufacturing world with significant sustainable
merits. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to offer an overview of CSAM including their
advantages for sustainable manufacturing in terms of environmental concerns.
Thereafter, the share of various processes and industries to greenhouse gas emissions
has been studied. Finally, the challenges associated with cold spray additive
manufacturing have been discussed.
Nanomaterials in Environmental Remediation: An Ecotoxicity and Risk Analysis
Authors: Thakur Abhinay , Kumar Ashish , Kaur Harpreet , Singh Kulvinder
Published: September 2024

Nanomaterials have shown promising environmental remediation solutions
owing to their unique chemical and physical properties. However, their probable
impacts on human health and the environment must be evaluated before widespread
implementation. This chapter aims to assess the ecotoxicity and risk associated with
nanomaterials in environmental remediation. A comprehensive literature review has
been conducted to evaluate the available data on ecotoxicity of nanomaterials,
including their effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms and mechanisms of toxicity.
In addition, a risk assessment framework has been developed to assess the risks
associated with nanomaterials in environmental remediation, taking into account the
hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of different environmental receptors. Investigation
of this study proposes that though nanomaterials have the potential to be effective in
environmental remediation, there are significant concerns about their potential toxicity
and risks. Further, research is needed to better understand the ecotoxicity and risk of
nanomaterials, as well as to develop effective risk management strategies for their use
in environmental remediation. Overall, this chapter highlights the importance of careful
consideration of the ecological impacts and risks of nanomaterials before implementing
them in environmental remediation programs.
SEVERE POSTURE AND GAIT DISTURBANCE IN LUMBAR SPINAL STENOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Lestari Dwi Indriani , Anggraini Vivid Prety , Pringga Gutama Arya , Kurniawan Shahdevi Nandar , Misnasari Putri Priela
Published: September 2024

One of the causes of low back pain is lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). LSS is defined as a disorder resulting from degenerative processes leading to narrowing of the spinal canal. The nature of pain in LSS—the neurogenic claudication—was aggravated by upright or extended trunk positions, such as during walking, descending stairs, or simply standing. Patient self-adjustments in response to pain can induce further muscle disturbance and worsen the condition. A 56-year-old male suffering from poor posture with antalgic and Trendelenburg gait. The MRI showed multiple spinal canal stenosis with compression of the L4-S1 nerve roots affected the gait and worsened posture. Physical medicine rehabilitation (PMR) program—including the use of ultrasound diathermy for severe muscle spasm followed by muscle stretching, Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (TENS) for pain relief, Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) for muscle strength improvement and several therapeutic exercises—has proven beneficial in reducing patient’s symptoms thus correcting the posture and gait. At this point spinal canal narrowing is not only causing pain with neurological deficit but may lead to posture and gait disturbance that increasing the patient's disability. The use of physical modalities combined with exercise has been shown to benefit patients similarly to surgery but without invasive approach.
SPINAL INTRADURAL EXTRAMEDULLARY TUMORS AND SIMILAR PATHOLOGIES: A SINGLE CENTER STUDY
Authors: Altınel Faruk , Pekcan Yonca Özvardar , Sivrikoz Oya Nermin
Published: September 2024

Background: We wanted to analyze the neurological symptoms and prognosis of five spinal IDEM (intradural extramedullary) tumors cases diagnosed, and to emphasize that a spinal cord tumor can be found incidentally in evoluation of the proximal regions of the vertebral column in patients who were mistakenly operated for lumbar disc herniation on lumbar MRI, but whosesymptoms did not resolve. Objective: To emphasize the need for examinations such as MRI along the vertebral columna in patients with different spinal pathologies and whose symptoms and clinical signs do not improve. Methods: Patients with spinal IDEM tumors treated with surgical excision and followed for more than 2 years were retrospectively analyzed. Issessed pain with the visual analo scale (VAS), and neurological function with the Nurrick grade.Preoperative complaint time,location of tumor in sagital and axial sections in MRI and pathological diagnosis were investigated. Results: The pathological diagnosis in our study was meningioma in two cases,dural arteriovenous fistula in one case,teratoma in one case ,and myxopapilary epandimoma in one case.İn one case,disc herniation surgery was performed in another hospital due to misdiagnosis, but because the patient’s complaints were resistant. In examination, an IDEM tumor at T11 level was detected, and he was operated. In all cases the VAS score (mean) was reduced from 7.8 to 0.4 as well as the Nurrick grade (mean) was from 2.0 to 0.6. In the dAVF case, spasticity in the lower extremities, bladder and bowel disfunction continued. Conclusion: In cases with severe neurological deficits, MRI scanning of the proximal parts of the vertebral column will help in the differential diagnosis of the lesion occupying the intraspinal space.
EVALUATION OF VITAMIN B12 LEVELS WITH NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: A SINGLE CENTER OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Wijayanti Ida Ayu Sri , Erawan I Gusti Ngurah Agung Tresna , Mulyantari Ni Kadek , Tertia Clarissa , Widyadharma I Putu Eka
Published: September 2024

Background: Uremic syndrome in chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in hemodialysis (HD) patients, is a growing global health problem. The majority of patients with this condition experience one or more neurological disorders, such as neuropathic pain. One of the adjuvant therapies in the treatment of neuropathic pain is vitamin B12, which is important for the regeneration and myelination of peripheral nerves and also plays an important role in the restoration of functional nerves. Objective: The aim of this research is to evaluate the role of vitamin B12 in the relief of pain symptoms Method: This research was conducted at General Hospital in Bali use a case-control design and consecutive sampling. This was carried use 21 patients with CKD on regular hemodialysis with neuropathic pain, while 22 patients without neuropathic pain were used as the control group. All patients were tested for serum vitamin B12 levels. Neuropathic pain was assessed using the DN4. Results: The data values of total vitamin B12 levels in blood serum were obtained within a range of 81.72 pmol/L to 2337.5 pmol/L, and a median value of 1306.25 pmol/L. A cut-off value of 1509.375 pmol/L was obtained with 76.2% sensitivity and 59.1% specificity. Furthermore, an odd ratio between low serum vitamin B12 and the incidence of neuropathic pain was also obtained, namely OR= 3.611 (95% CI= 1.012-12.9; p=0.044). Conclusion: It was found that low serum vitamin B12 in CKD patients on hemodialysis increased the risk of experiencing neuropathic pain by 3.611 times compared to those with normal serum vitamin B12.
HYPERTENSION AS DETERMINANT OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION AMONG ELDERLY SUB-POPULATION
Authors: Darmaningrat Cokorda Istri Agung Asvini , Harahap Herpan Syafii , Anggoro Joko , Rianawati Sri Budhi
Published: September 2024

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is one of the main impacts of hypertension in the elderly population. Early detection and adequate management of early-stage cognitive dysfunction in hypertensive elderly is expected to improve their cognitive status and quality of life. Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between hypertension and cognitive dysfunction in a sub-population of the elderly in Mataram, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved elderly sub-population recruited consecutively in three public health centers in Mataram, Indonesia. Data included in this study were age, gender, occupation, educational level, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cognitive status. Cognitive status was assessed using the Indonesia version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment instrument. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to test whether hypertension was a determinant of cognitive dysfunction in participants taking into account the presence of socio-demographic status and diabetes mellitus as another vascular risk factor. Results: This study included 88 elderly as eligible participants. The frequency of cognitive dysfunction among participants was 61.4%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension was the single variable significantly associated with a high frequency of cognitive dysfunction in elderly sub-population (odds ratio = 3.7; 95% confidence intervals = 1.3 – 10.4; p = 0.014). Conclusion: The frequency of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly sub-population in Mataram was high, amounting to 61.4%. Hypertension was the determinant of this high frequency of cognitive dysfunction in the sub-population studied.
NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION EFFECT ON WRIST SPASTICITY AND FUNCTION IN POST-STROKE PATIENT WITH UPPER EXTREMITY RECOVERY EXERCISE
Authors: Setianto Catur Ari , Syahrir Ahmad , Ridwan Mochammad
Published: September 2024

Background : Stroke is still a major health problem in the world and cause disability. Spasticity is one of the disability problems in stroke patients, which is more common in the wrist muscles. Recovery of spasticity is quite difficult and there is no definitive treatment that can speed up the recovery. Electrical stimulation is one of the rehabilitation intervensions that is believed to be able to recover spasticity based on neuroplasticity theory. There has been no consensus for the method of electrical stimulation that can give rise to optimal effects in stroke patients. New studies are still needed to determine effective therapeutic programs. Objective : The study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of Wrist Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) against the recovery of spasticity and functional degrees of post-stroke patients who receive upper extremity recovery exercise (URE). Methods : The study used a randomized controlled trial. The study sample was stroke patients who are treated at dr. Saiful Anwar hospital policlinic. The study involved 30 post-stroke patients who were randomized into NMES combined with URE groups (15 patients) and URE groups (15 patients). Modified Asworth Scale and Fugl-Meyer Assesment of Upper Extremity total were measured before and after interventions. Modified Asworth Scale (MAS) is a scale than use for measure spasticity degree and have very good realibility. Fugl-Meyer Assesment Scaletha (FMA) is a scale for measure fungsionality of extremities which also have good realibility. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) device is BTL-5000 series. Results : NMES combined with URE can reduce the degree of spasticity and increase the functional degree of the wrist in post-stroke patients significantly (p<0.05). URE can also significantly reduce the degree of spasticity and increase the functional degree of the wrist (p<0.05). NMES compared to URE futher reduced the degree of spasticity and increased the functional degree of the wrist in post-stroke patients insignificantly (p>0.05). Conclusion : The mean decrease in the degree of spasticity and increase in functional degree in the NMES group combined with URE measured by MAS scale showing that degree of spasticity with sig 0,101 > alpha (0,05) is not significant, but the mean decrease MAS in the NMES with URE group is bigger than group URE alone. The mean decrease in the degree of spasticity and increase in functional degree in the NMES group combined with URE measured by FMA scale showing that degree of spasticity with sig 0,787 > alpha (0,05) is also not significant, but the mean decrease FMA in the NMES with URE group is bigger than URE alone. This results mean that there is a significant score decrease in spasticity and increase of fungsionality degree before and after URE grop and there is not significant different score using NMES and URE group in MAS and FMA scale.
THE SAFETY AND OUTCOME OF ACUTE ISCHAEMIC STROKE PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 TREATED WITH INTRAVENOUS RECOMBINANT TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Machin Abdulloh , Setjaputra Vina Lidya , Susianto Steven Christian , Husni Nadya , Sugondo Alexander Tikara
Published: September 2024

Background: Strokes associated with SARS-CoV-2 may be linked to increased mortality rates. The utilization of intravenous thrombolysis is anticipated to enhance the clinical results in such patients. Moreover, emerging evidence underscores the importance of evaluating the safety and effectiveness of intravenous thrombolysis in individuals suffering from Acute Ischaemic Stroke along with COVID-19. Objective: To assess the safety and effectiveness of intravenous thrombolysis in Acute Ischaemic Stroke patients with COVID-19. Methods: A systematic literature search (Pubmed, Elsevier, and Cochrane database) with keywords (((intravenous thrombolysis) AND (acute ischemic stroke)) AND (covid-19)) AND (outcome))). We selected research studies for evaluation based on specific inclusion and eligibility criteria. Two independent reviewers then proceeded to extract and analyze various data points, including the name of the first author, the year of publication, the study's design, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at admission and post-treatment, hospitalization-related mortality, and the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation. Results: Three studies (n=153 patients) were included, mostly men with advanced age with the most common comorbidity being hypertension. Median of NIHSS Score of subjects on admission is 11, 12, and 13, with interquartile range from 3 to 20 (minor to severe stroke). The mRS at discharge and 1 month after admission is: 0–2 pts in 57 patients, ≥2 in 43 patient. Hemorrhagic transformation involved 3.23% of patients from total samples, death within hospitalization and 1-month mortality were in 23 patients (15%). In numerous studies, there was inadequate data available to determine the precise reason for mortality. Conclusion: Following IV-rTPA therapy, our COVID-19 infection subjects' mRS scores ranged from mild to moderate disability. Fifteen percents of all subjects died, and 3.23% of subjects experienced hemorrhagic transformation. However, majority of our subjects have high median NIHSS scores at admission, advanced age, complicated with baseline risk factors as high blood pressure, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.