bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Emicizumab Prophylaxis on Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits Among Hemophilia A Patients Is Age Related
Authors: Geller Dan , Budnik Ivan , Barhod Tlalit , Cohen Omri , Brutman‐Barazani Tamar , Efros Orly , Lubetsky Aharon , Lalezari Shadan , Levy‐Mendelovich Sarina , Kenet Gili , Barg Assaf A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Hemophilia A (HA) therapy poses a significant healthcare burden. In recent years, emicizumab has been approved for prophylaxis. The current study explores the impact of transitioning to emicizumab on emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations in pediatric and adult HA patients.

Methods

Data of HA patients transitioned to emicizumab at the Israeli National Hemophilia Center was retrospectively analyzed. Demographic information, inhibitor status, treatment duration, number, and reasons of ED visits and hospitalizations were assessed.

Results

Overall, transitioning to emicizumab significantly reduced ED visits and hospitalizations. While children experienced a significant reduction in both ED visits and hospitalizations, adults showed no statistically significant change. Post‐emicizumab initiation, main reasons for ED visits among children shifted from prophylactic treatment and central line‐associated complications to injury‐related incidents.

Conclusions

This real‐world analysis demonstrates a substantial decrease in ED visits and hospitalizations, following emicizumab prophylaxis in HA patients. However, this improvement was age dependent as it was observed only among children. Further prospective studies evaluating this aspect may shed light on these findings.
Effect of DBD Plasma/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Printability of Wool Fabric With Beetroot Peels as a Natural Dye
Authors: Al‐Megrin Wafa Abdullah I. , Mohamed Fatma A. , Ahmed Hend M.
Published: November 2024

The treatment of wool with plasma reduces wet‐out time, which is important for dyeing processes. Additionally, the incorporation of nanoparticles could enhance the antibacterial properties of the wool, making it more suitable for various applications, especially in textiles where hygiene is a concern. We investigated the effects of oxygen plasma treatment and ZnO nanoparticles on the printability of wool fabric dyed with beetroot peels. The study assessed several parameters, including color strength (K/S), fastness properties, wet‐out time, FTIR analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and antibacterial effects. The FTIR study revealed an increase in hydroxyl functional groups following the treatment of wool fabric with oxygen plasma and ZnO nanoparticles. This increase suggests that the surface of the wool became more reactive due to these treatments. Additionally, the enhanced conductivity observed in the treated wool is attributed to the synergistic effect of combining oxygen plasma treatment with ZnO nanoparticles. This combination not only improves the fabric's surface activity but also facilitates better interaction with dyes. The improvements in surface properties were corroborated by contact angle measurements, which approached zero, indicating enhanced hydrophilicity. Additionally, tensile strength measurements confirmed these enhancements, demonstrating increased durability. Overall, the treatment of printed wool fabrics resulted in vibrant, long‐lasting colors while also improving antibacterial properties and printability.
Optical Diagnostics of Discharges in and in Contact With Liquids
Authors: Belmonte Thiery , Bruggeman Peter
Published: November 2024

Discharges in liquids have been the subject of intensive investigations for a broad range of applications and involve highly coupled and complex phenomena with timescales ranging from picoseconds to seconds and length scales from micrometers to centimeters. This review focuses on some of the challenges in optical diagnostics of discharges in and in contact with liquids; this includes the interpretation of optical emission spectra, the inherently stochastic nature of many discharge phenomena including the initial stages of plasma ignition, and the large gradients in species and plasma properties interfacing with a dynamic liquid interface. We report recent notable advances, controversies in interpretations of diagnostics, and remaining opportunities.
S‐metolachlor in pre‐emergence reduces the leaf cuticular wax and increases the efficiency of glyphosate
Authors: Files Maurício C , Viana Vívian E , Camargo Edinalvo R , Silva Renan S , Vieira Lucas M , Kruse Nelson D , Jacobsen Luiza R , Avila Luis A
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The low glyphosate uptake capacity, possibly due to the lipophilic character of epicuticular wax on leaves, may contribute to the natural tolerance of some weed species. The use of pre‐emergence herbicides like S‐metolachlor, which inhibits very‐long‐chain fatty acid synthesis, might enhance glyphosate's post‐emergent efficacy against hard‐to‐control weeds, such as Euphorbia heterophylla L. (milkweed) and Ipomoea triloba L. (littlebell). This study aimed to determine whether S‐metolachlor affects glyphosate's efficacy and its impact on epicuticular wax production in these species. In Experiment 1, milkweed was 2.27 times more tolerant to S‐metolachlor than littlebell, with GR50 values of 1024.6 g ai ha−1 and 451.2 g ai ha−1, respectively. In Experiment 2, S‐metolachlor enhanced glyphosate efficacy in both species. For littlebell, S‐metolachlor increased glyphosate efficacy by 28% at 21 days after treatment (DAT), while milkweed boosted control to 61%, compared to 45% in untreated plants. The herbicide accelerated glyphosate's action, particularly at lower doses. In Experiment 3, S‐metolachlor reduced epicuticular wax by up to 47% in littlebell and 45% in milkweed during early growth. Wax levels remained lower in treated plants, contributing to improved glyphosate efficacy.

CONCLUSION

S‐metolachlor in pre‐emergence reduces the amount of wax deposited in the leaf surface, increasing glyphosate efficiency in both species, especially at the beginning of the phenological stage. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluation of tree‐injected oxytetracycline and antisense oligonucleotides targeting Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus
Authors: Roldán Erik L. , Stelinski Lukasz L. , Pelz‐Stelinski Kirsten S.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a systemic disease of citrus caused by the bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) that limits citrus production worldwide. CLas is an obligate bacterial pathogen that multiplies in citrus trees and in the insect vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. There is no cure for HLB currently and broad‐spectrum antibiotics represent one possible therapeutic against disease symptoms. Single‐stranded nucleic acid analogs, 2′‐deoxy‐2’‐Fluoro‐β‐D‐arabinonucleic antisense oligonucleotides (FANA ASOs), can modulate gene expression by enzymatic degradation or steric blocking of an RNA target. FANA ASOs recognize and bind to specific RNA forms, including mRNA, miRNA and long noncoding RNA, through complementary base‐pairing.

RESULTS

Injection of oxytetracycline (OTC) into mature citrus trees with HLB ameliorated symptoms of disease, increased fruit yield and quality of juice as compared with that produced by noninjected controls. Injection of trees with FANA ASOs reduced CLas abundance but did not improve fruit yield and quality above control levels at the injection dosage tested. Reduced pathogen relative abundance following OTC injection was coincident with lower CLas acquisition and inoculation by laboratory deployed and wild‐type D. citri collected from the field, respectively. However, injections of FANA ASOs did not consistently reduce CLas transmission as compared with noninjected controls.

CONCLUSIONS

Trunk injection of OTC may be useful in management of HLB by reducing CLas infection in trees and disrupting transmission. However, more research is needed to verify the potential usefulness of FANA ASOs. Optimizing FANA ASO dosage in trees and exploring the potential of multiplex FANA ASOs that simultaneously target multiple mRNAs could possibly enhance their efficacy against CLas. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identification and genomic insights into Bacillus siamensis strains with host colonization potential and activity against tomato bacterial wilt
Authors: Ding Shanwen , Li Ping , Tang Yafei , He Zifu , She Xiaoman
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC), is considered as one of the most destructive plant diseases worldwide. In this study, two strains of Bacillus siamensis, BB605‐1 and BB653, were screened and identified from endophytes in healthy tomato and mangrove plants, respectively.

RESULTS

Both strains demonstrated antagonistic activities against all 16 RSSC strains, representing eight sequevars from various hosts. The growth of RSSC was suppressed by the crude antimicrobial extracts produced by two strains. The pot inoculation experiment revealed the control efficiencies of two strains against tomato bacterial wilt as 59.63% and 63.98%, respectively. After imparting rifampicin resistance to the strains and applying them to tomato plants, both strains successfully established stable colonization in the rhizosphere, roots, stems, and leaves of tomato plants. Additionally, our study demonstrated that both strains exhibited significant plant growth‐promoting properties. Complete genome sequencing revealed genome size of 3.868 M bp with 3594 protein‐coding genes for BB605‐1, and 3.857 M bp with 3600 protein‐coding genes for BB653. Genome analysis of both strains identified seven secondary metabolite clusters with known antimicrobial properties and predicted three unknown compounds with potentially novel properties. Genome mining revealed several key genes associated with plant growth regulation, colonization, and biofilm formation, and we also detected these corresponding substances.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings provide a compelling case for the application of B. siamensis in agricultural practices. The isolates' multiple capacities to colonize, enhance plant growth, and exert antagonistic effects against BW positions them as highly promising candidates for an integrated biological solution. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
SiO2 Micro–Nano Slits Induced by Laser Texture Deposition on Copper Mesh to Improve Capillary Wicking
Authors: Lou Deyuan , Jiang Hongliang , Lou Haozhe , Chen Chenyang , Dong Chaoshuai , Yang Qibiao , Tao Qing , Liu Dun
Published: November 2024

Surface modification techniques have significantly enhance the capillary properties of fiber materials. This study investigates whether nanoparticles or micro–nano slits play a more critical role in improving capillary performance. SiO2 micro–nano slits induced by laser texture deposition (LTD) on copper mesh improve capillary wicking performance. By varying the laser flux, researchers control both the slit dimensions and nanoparticle density. Image analysis and results indicate that the influence of micro–nano slits on capillary performance exceeds that of nanoparticles. This finding suggests that while nanoparticles have a positive effect, the primary factor for improved water absorption capacity is the micro–nano slits created by laser deposition. Thus, LTD proves effective in enhancing the capillary performance of fiber matrices, presenting promising prospects for future research in this field.
A Novel Strategy to Construct Metal–Organic Frameworks‐Based Memristor with Enhanced Proton Conduction
Authors: Chen Kai , Wang Ze , Yang Zeou , Liu Yu , Huang Xiaozhong , Yue Jianling
Published: November 2024

The limited conductivity of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) poses a significant challenge to their application in the domain of memristors. The proton conduction capabilities of MOFs can be improved through the incorporation of guest molecules. Herein, hydrogen protons are introduced into MIL‐53 (Al) via acid leaching, which not only enhances the proton conductivity of MIL‐53 (Al) but also contributes to its superior resistance switching behavior. The results indicate that untreated MIL‐53 (Al) exhibits negligible resistance switching behavior; however, following hydrochloric acid leaching, it demonstrates excellent retention (103 cycles), longtime durability (103 s), and a favorable ON/OFF ratio (≈25) under bias conditions. Furthermore, under suitable pulse stimulation, the MIL‐53 (Al)‐based memristor successfully emulates biological synaptic behaviors, including excitatory postsynaptic current and paired pulse facilitation. This research presents a novel approach for enhancing the resistive switching performance of MOF‐based memristors.
Platycodin D2 Mediates Incomplete Autophagy and Ferroptosis in Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating Mitochondrial ROS
Authors: Li Yaru , Lin Haijiao , Sun Yu , Zhao Renshuang , Liu Yunyun , Han Jicheng , Zhu Yilong , Jin Ningyi , Li Xiao , Zhu Guangze , Li Yiquan
Published: November 2024

Platycodin D2 (PD2) is a triterpenoid saponin extracted from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum
, a common source of medicine and food.
Platycodon grandiflorum
saponins have anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative, antitumor, and immunity‐promoting effects. However, the effect of PD2 on breast cancer cells has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of PD2 on breast cancer cells. We analyzed the inhibitory effects and pathways of PD2 on breast cancer by CCK‐8 assay, WB assay, and immunofluorescence assay. Subsequently, autophagy and ferroptosis were analyzed using different inhibitors. It was found that PD2 caused mitochondrial damage and promoted mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production, leading to autophagy flux inhibition and ferroptosis. Blockage of autophagy flux and ferroptosis promoted each other, resulting in the inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation. Similar results were obtained in the tumor‐bearing model in vivo. PD2 promoted autophagy flux blockage and ferroptosis in breast cancer cells, which induced each other under the action of mtROS, thus inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells. PD2 is a potential new strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
Depression and Its Determinants Among Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Dahit Bhuwan , Subedi Madhusudan , Rajbhandari Ajay Kumar , Arjyal Amit , Adhikari Data Ram , Dahal Padam Kanta
Published: November 2024

Background

Depression among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is crucial as it is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and to identify its determinants.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted in the Bardiya district of Nepal, based on registered cases of SCD. Depression was measured using the validated Nepalese version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A random sample of 358 participants with SCD aged >13 years was included in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to sociodemographic, clinical and psychological variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed for bivariate analysis. Variables with a p value of less than 0.05 were subjected to final multivariate logistic regression.

Results

The prevalence of depression was 36.31% among patients with SCD, age (p = 0.0178), education (p = 0.0178) and sociodemographic status (p = 0.0328) were strongly associated. Factors such as patients aged 40–49 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.05), complications due to SCD (AOR = 1.86) and genetic counselling group (AOR = 4.72) had higher chances of experiencing depression compared to their relative counterparts. However, patients with lower middle‐class economic status, who experience pain crisis, with moderate self‐esteem and who experience discrimination were 52%, 83%, 58% and 58% less likely to have depression compared to their respective counterparts, respectively.

Conclusions

Depression was prevalent in patients with SCD, and multiple sociodemographic, clinical and psychological factors were strongly associated. This warrants the urgent need for early diagnosis and treatment of depression among participants with SCD.
Pulmonary vascular manifestations of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Cullivan Sarah , Kevane Barry , McCullagh Brian , O'Connor Terry M. , Condliffe Robin , Gaine Sean
Published: November 2024

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disorder that manifests with a spectrum of disease including cardiopulmonary complications. HHT is characterised by aberrant signalling via the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway, with loss of vascular integrity, angiogenesis and vascular dysplasia. The disease has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 5000 persons and the penetrance increases with increasing age. HHT commonly presents with epistaxis and telangiectasia, while visceral arteriovenous malformations are not uncommon. Mutations in the ENG, ACVRL1 and MADH4 genes account for 97% of all HHT cases, and it is recommended that genetic tests are used in combination with the clinical Curaçao criteria to confirm the diagnosis. HHT can be complicated by significant pulmonary vascular disease including pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, pulmonary arterial hypertension and high output cardiac failure. These are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and therefore timely diagnosis is important to mitigate complications and optimise preventative strategies. This article outlines important advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of HHT and current recommendations regarding the diagnosis and screening of HHT with a specific focus on adult patients with pulmonary vascular disease. Important therapeutic advances, novel therapies on the horizon and unmet needs are also explored.
Variations of riskification: Climate change adaptation in four European cities
Authors: Barquet Karina , Morsut Claudia , Rhinard Mark , Englund Mathilda , Mees Heleen , Engen Ole Andreas Hegland , Neby Simon , Jochemsen Nenya , Angell Elisabeth
Published: November 2024

This study explores the manifestations of riskification in climate change adaptation (CCA) across four European cities, examining the roles of actors, discourses, and tools. Through comparative analysis, it aims to delineate local riskification, identifying similarities and differences among the cases. Three intervening factors – ideational frameworks, organization of government, and actor networks – are assessed to comprehend the amplification or deceleration of riskification processes locally. Findings reveal that ideational frameworks shape responses to climate change challenges within each case, while government organization influences CCA strategies and funding mechanisms. Actor networks play a pivotal role in shaping CCA efforts, including measurement, modeling, and monitoring. Despite commonalities, the analysis revealed that the intervening factors are further conditioned in each specific case, albeit in different ways, by aspects not initially considered: the influence of risk culture, risk memory, and technocratic governance in local CCA in each situation. These nuances produce variations of riskification that are locally distinct but equally depoliticize climate change risks, overshadowing broader societal implications and impeding transformative approaches. In particular, the dominance of riskified CCA approaches with technocratic characteristics and limited urgency may hinder innovative strategies required for addressing complex CCA challenges.
Fixed‐Time Robust Neural Learning Control for Nonlinear Strict‐Feedback Systems With Prescribed Performance
Authors: Wang Xia , Yang Lin , Xu Bin , Chen Weisheng , Shi Peng
Published: November 2024

The fixed‐time robust neural learning control for nonlinear strict‐feedback systems with output constraint and unknown dynamics is investigated in this article. The system nonlinearity is identified using neural network (NN) while the prescribed performance design is employed to avoid the output constraint to be violated. Considering the intelligent approximator only working in an active domain, the smooth switching mechanism is introduced to indicate its effectiveness. Based on the designs of neural approximation and switching signal, a robust adaptive controller is constructed where the NN works in the active domain and the fixed‐time robust design works outside of that domain. Especially for the neural update law, the estimation error is constructed based on a state observer and a serial‐parallel identification system, even though the real system nonlinearity is not available. The effective neural approximation is achieved while the error signals are ensured to be practical fixed‐time stable. Simulation tests are ultimately conducted to demonstrate the validity of the design.
Fault Estimation and Tolerant Anti‐Disturbance Switching Control for Switched Systems With Its Application to Circuit Systems
Authors: Zhao Ying , Wu Donghui , Gao Yuxuan , Liu Xiaohui , Li Pengyuan , Ma Dan
Published: November 2024

This study proposes a fault estimation and tolerant anti‐disturbance switching control (ADSC) approach for the switched systems subject to the system fault and multiple disturbances. The fault dose not required to have a model. The disturbances contain the modeled unmeasurable part and the unmodeled measurable part. First, a composite switching estimator is constructed to simultaneously estimate the unavailable system state, fault and modeled disturbance. Then, by means of the estimator, a switching controller is developed to tolerant the fault and complement the modeled disturbance. Further, under the average dwell time relevant switching signals, criteria are established to ensure the fault estimation performance and robustness property for the switched systems. Finally, via implementing the presented fault estimation and tolerant ADSC scheme on a switched circuit system to regulate the charge and flux, the reasonability of the established result is verified.
Greenhouse gas emissions from tillage practices and crop phases in a sugarbeet‐based crop rotation
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. , Stevens William B. , Jabro Jalal D. , Allen Brett L. , Iversen William M. , Chen Chengci , Alasinrin Sikiru Y.
Published: November 2024

Information is needed on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to tillage and crop type on sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.)‐based crop rotations. We measured CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions as affected by tillage (conventional till [CT], no‐till [NT], and strip till [ST]) under sugarbeet and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) phases of an irrigated sugarbeet–pea (Pisum sativum L.)–spring wheat rotation from 2018 to 2021 in the US northern Great Plains. Greenhouse gases were measured using a static chamber at 3‐ to 28‐day intervals, depending on plant growth and environmental conditions, throughout the year. The CO2 and N2O fluxes peaked for 2–8 months immediately after tillage, planting, fertilization, intense precipitation, and irrigation. The CH4 flux varied little, except for some peaks in the first year. Cumulative annual CO2 flux was 19%–30% greater for CT than NT in 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, and 13% greater for CT than ST in 2020–2021. Cumulative N2O flux was 31%–36% greater for CT than ST in 2018–2019 and 2020–2021, but 33%–83% lower for sugarbeet than spring wheat in all years. Cumulative CH4 flux was 83% lower for CT than NT and 68% lower for sugarbeet than spring wheat in 2018–2019. The GHG balance was 15%–23% greater for CT than NT and ST in 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 and 31% greater under sugarbeet than spring wheat in 2018–2019. No‐tillage can reduce GHG emissions compared to conventional tillage, and sugarbeet can reduce N2O emissions compared to spring wheat in sugarbeet‐based crop rotations.
Charge Separated ZnNb2O6/SnO2 Type‐II Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Enhanced Degradation of Emerging Contaminants
Authors: Bathwar Mittal , R Vijayaraghavan
Published: November 2024

ZnNb2O6 and a heterojunction ZnNb2O6/SnO2 have been synthesized, characterized, and studied for its photocatalytic activity against organic and pharmaceutical pollutants under UV irradiation. The characterization techniques include X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet‐visible reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence spectra (PL), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD confirms single phase formation. The particles sizes of ZnNb2O6 and ZnNb2O6/SnO2 heterojunction are in range of 170–200 nm and 110–140 nm, respectively. Bandgaps as revealed by UV–vis DRS spectra are in the range 3.14–3.71 eV. The n‐n type semiconductor heterojunction ZnNb2O6/SnO2 shows enhanced photocatalytic activity than the individual components for degradation of pollutants due to more effective charge carrier separation. The rate of degradation by the heterojunction is twice that of the individual components. Methyl orange degradation pathways have been proposed using HRMS analysis. This is the first report of pharmaceutical antibiotic pollutants degradation by ZnNb2O6.
Unraveling the Nature of Interfacial Behavior in the LiTFSI‐LiCl Aqueous Biphasic System
Authors: Chaemchamrat Chalarat , Arin Penwuanna , Li Luming , Zhu Yachao , Bouchal Roza , Fontaine Olivier
Published: November 2024

Aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) with water‐in‐salt electrolytes are gaining significant attention for their role in aqueous biphasic interphase studies, particularly in energy storage devices. Aqueous salt‐salt biphasic electrolytes are considered a promising alternative to replace traditional liquid electrolytes commonly used in battery technologies, for example, membrane‐less redox flow batteries, owing to their low cost and high ionic conductivity. However, the stability of the interphase over time must be considered, as it can impact the long‐term electrochemical performance in various applications. This study reports the unstable interfacial behavior of lithium bis(trifluoro‐methanesulfonyl)imide and lithium chloride (LiTFSI‐LiCl) system using an optical microscope and electrochemical properties. These observations reveal the liquid‐liquid instability phenomenon at the interphase over time. Moreover, this research discovers and analyzes the unwanted solid phase formation at the LiTFSI‐LiCl interphase. This study not only contributes to fundamental knowledge in interfacial science but also holds significant implications for developing novel applications reliant on ABSs stability.
Chromite Pellet Prereduction by Methane‐Containing Gas: Influence Factors and Consolidation Mechanism
Authors: Ma Liqun , Zhang Yanling , Wu Shaowen , Li Yue , Zhu Kai , Li Haokun
Published: November 2024

Prereduction process of chromite is an effective method for saving energy and reducing emissions during ferrochrome alloy production. This study investigates the factors affecting the reduction and strength levels of chromite pellets reduced in a CH4–H2 atmosphere. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that carbon from methane pyrolysis is highly active, and chromium oxide can be converted to metal chromium and carbide at lower temperature of 1100 °C. The experimental results show that extending the reduction time can increase the pellet metallization rate without sacrificing strength at 1100 °C in 10% CH4. As the reaction progressed, the carbon from methane cracking diffused into the pellet through the metallic iron, creating observable diffusion channels. Continuous methane input further facilitates this mechanism, leading to iron carbide precipitation and ultimately compromising the pellet strength. The consolidation mechanism of pellets in CH4–H2 = 10:90 atmosphere is analyzed using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and chemical analysis. The consolidation process of the pellets can be divided into four stages—namely, liquid phase formation, phase transition, strengthening, and carbonization stages.
Study on the Effect of Selenium‐rich Foliar Fertilizer on the Growth of Chinese Wolfberry Based on High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Huang Ying , Wu Jianjie , Ru Qing , Chen Changyong , Luo Jiaoyang , Yang Meihua
Published: November 2024

A sensitive and straightforward method for determining various species of selenium (Se) in Chinese wolfberry and Se‐rich foliar fertilizers was established using high‐performance liquid chromatography—inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The application of this method proved effective in quantifying both organic and inorganic Se in 64 batches of Chinese wolfberry and their soaking solutions, along with five types of foliar fertilizer. This investigation revealed notable variations in the Se content among different batches of Chinese wolfberry, with selenomethionine (SeMet) emerging as the predominant form. Furthermore, the application of Se‐enriched foliar fertilizer led to the deposition of surface Se residues on the surface of Chinese wolfberry, primarily in the form of Se(VI) and Se(IV). This observation has implications for the proportion of organic Se in the plants (Chinese wolfberry), as organic Se, particularly SeMet, exhibits greater bioavailability and lower toxicity than its inorganic counterparts. Therefore, augmenting the organic Se content in the plant may confer greater benefits for the utilization of Chinese wolfberry in promoting human health.
Cocoyam is an Unconventional, Innovative, and Sustainable Source of Starch with Potential use in Sleek and Functional Biodegradable Films
Authors: Carvalho Hugo José Martins , de Souza Sérgio Michielon , de Carvalho Carlos Wanderlei Piler , Nabeshima Elizabeth Harumi , Schmiele Marcio
Published: November 2024

The growing interest in sustainable biopolymers has highlighted cocoyam starch as a promising material for functional biodegradable packaging film development. This study evaluates its physicochemical, structural, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties to determine its suitability for packaging. Cocoyam starch contains moisture (9.15%), protein (0.68%), lipid (0.57%), ash (2.82%), and resistant starch (5.61%), offering moderate digestibility. Total soluble phenolic compounds are quantified at 50.56 mg GAE·100 g−1 of starch, which influences the physicochemical properties. Cocoyam starch presented a semi‐crystalline structure comprising both Type A and B starches, along with monohydrated calcium oxalate crystals. The gelatinization temperature is determined to be 65.81 °C, with an associated gelatinization enthalpy of 15.38 J g−1. Gel retrogradation exhibits a rate of 38.52%. Rheological properties reveal a high peak viscosity and breakdown, suggestive of a high amylopectin content in the starch. Cocoyam starch films demonstrate variations in thickness and neutral instrumental color parameters. Mechanical analysis reveals that these films have lower tensile strength but higher elongation to rupture compared to cassava starch films, likely due to the intermolecular connections formed by cocoyam starch. Crystallography patterns of films indicate structural transformations, including calcium oxalate phases and semi‐crystalline structures, underscoring their potential applications in biodegradable packaging materials.
The effects of longitudinal joint assembly imperfections on the internal forces in segmental linings
Authors: Rauch Fabian , Fischer Oliver
Published: November 2024

During the assembly of concrete segments into a tunnel lining, small geometric imperfections are unavoidable. In the longitudinal joints, they lead to contact deficiencies, which affect the eccentricities of the forces transferred through them. This influences the development of internal forces along the lining's circumference. However, it is often not realistically considered in structural calculations. In this paper, the effects of longitudinal joints assembly imperfections on the lining's internal forces were investigated by employing finite element models for various lining configurations. The results show that assembly imperfections have an unfavorable effect on the internal forces in most cases. Depending on the loading situation, this can lead to more required reinforcement and higher utilization ratios in the segments field and joints compared to perfectly assembled linings. Stiffer and less deformable configurations are at higher risk of experiencing more severe effects. In systems at risk, an individual assessment is recommendable. Therefore, a simplified method is introduced that requires a significantly reduced modeling effort and calculation time and lower software capabilities.
Culturally and linguistically responsive pedagogy: Examining teachers' conceptualizations of affirmative instructional practices for multilingual learners
Authors: Wesley‐Nero Sabrina , Donley Kevin
Published: November 2024

A culturally and linguistically responsive teaching force is a critical element in the pursuit of educational justice (Levinson, 2022). Culturally and linguistically responsive pedagogy (CLRP) can disrupt patterns of marginalization and strengthen students' ability to thrive in schools (Akiba et al., 2010). In this study, the researchers examine how preservice and in‐service teachers understand and enact CLRP when teaching multilingual learners (MLs). Drawing on post‐observation reflection data with six preservice teacher residents and post‐observation interviews with 11 in‐service teachers across multiple classroom contexts and grade levels, the authors demonstrate how teachers enact responsive pedagogies by (1) implementing culturally relevant curricula, (2) embracing students' full communicative repertoires, (3) dismantling deficit‐based perspectives of MLs, and (4) practicing critical consciousness in teaching and learning.
Broadening definitions of impact: A case study of competing tensions when evaluating the impact of National Professional Development grants
Authors: Thompson Karen D. , Greenberg Motamedi Jason , Vazquez Cano Manuel , Patiño‐Cabrera Nelly
Published: November 2024

There has been little quantitative research on the impact of specialized teacher preparation for working with multilingual students. Yet districts, states, and the U.S. Department of Education are investing to increase the number of teachers with this specialized preparation. This article explores challenges in conducting research on this topic through discussion of an impact evaluation for Teachers Educating All Multilingual Students (TEAMS), a teacher professional development program funded by a National Professional Development grant. The researchers first explore the results of our quasi‐experimental study, showing that teachers' participation in TEAMS positively impacted English learner students' English language arts assessment outcomes. They then explore tensions in meeting federal impact evaluation standards, including challenges with participant selection, capturing the impact of family and community engagement, understanding shifts in advocacy and teacher leadership, and documenting impact for dual language teachers. The authors discuss implications for research, policy, and practice.
Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic sorption of paranitroaniline on Cocos nucifera shell activated carbon@TiO2 composite
Authors: Azeez Samsudeen Olanrewaju , Garuba Muhammed Hatim , Saheed Ismaila Olalekan , Jimoh Akeem Adebayo , Kamaldeen Musa Alfanla , Ogundele Damilola Tope
Published: November 2024

A comparative study was conducted on the adsorption capacity of Cocos nucifera shell‐activated carbon (CNSA) and Cocos nucifera shell‐activated carbon@TiO2 composite (CNSA‐TiO2) for para‐nitroaniline in an aqueous medium. The CNSA was carbonized at 500 °C and activated with 1 M HNO3 while the CNSA‐TiO2 composite was prepared by wet impregnation method. The prepared adsorbents were characterized through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The BET‐surface area of CNSA‐TiO2 (748.96 m2/g) was established to be larger than CNSA (574.21 m2/g), however both materials are mesoporous. The effects of initial p‐NA concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature, were explored for both adsorbents. The results showed that the adsorption operating parameters influenced the adsorption process except for temperature, with maximum adsorption of 38.26 and 38.36 mg/g for CNSA and CNSA‐TiO2, respectively. Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin‐Radushkevich isotherms were tested on the adsorption data, and the adsorption process of both adsorbents followed the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 > 0.988). Among the kinetic models studied, the pseudo‐second‐order model (R2  = 1) best described both processes. The thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G °, ∆H ° and ∆S ° were calculated. The process was exothermic, spontaneous and feasible.
Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated From Dairy Cows in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Cai Kuojun , Xu Min , Liu Lu , Zhao Hongqiong
Published: November 2024

Background

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe infections in humans and animals. Nonetheless, little is known about the molecular epidemiology of mastitis‐associated K. pneumoniae in dairy cows.

Objectives

This cross‐sectional study investigated the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of K. pneumoniae in 700 milk samples collected from cows with and without mastitis in seven dairy farms in Xinjiang, China.

Methods

K. pneumoniae was identified by PCR amplification of the khe gene and the automated VITEK 2 Compact System. Resistance against 18 antimicrobial agents was analysed by broth microdilution. Forty‐four new strains were sequenced by whole‐genome sequencing (WGS). WGS data were searched for the presence of AMR and virulence genes. Genotypic characterization was performed by multilocus sequence typing and the analysis of wzi allele types and K and O antigens.

Results

K. pneumoniae isolates were found in 131 samples (18.7%). The prevalence of K. pneumoniae in cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis was higher than that in healthy cows (27.1%, 23.2% and 7.3%, respectively). WGS identified 27 wzi allele types, 16 K antigen serotypes, 6 O antigen serotypes and 25 sequence types. Phylogenetic analysis showed high genomic diversity in K. pneumoniae. The rate of resistance to tetracycline and cefazolin was 39.7% and 31.3%, and the multidrug resistance rate was 26.7%. Thirty‐nine AMR genes conferring resistance to nine antibiotic classes and 57 virulence genes were identified in new isolates. AMR and virulence genes were more prevalent in known human isolates than in new isolates.

Conclusions

These results improve our understanding of the epidemiology and resistance status of mastitis‐associated K. pneumoniae strains. The emergence and spread of multidrug‐resistant K. pneumoniae strains threaten food safety and public health.
Serological Survey of Antibodies Against PPR Virus in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran
Authors: Raoofi Afshin , Madadgar Omid , Aghebatinia Abdolbasir , Hassanzadeh Reza , Shokri Arman
Published: November 2024

Background

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality in small ruminants. A clinical report of this disease in camels has been made in Iran; however, no accurate information is available about infection with this virus in the camel population of Iran.

Objectives

This study was designed and conducted to detect any trace of seroconversion in dromedary camels in Iran.

Methods

A total of 100 serum samples were collected from a slaughterhouse in Khorasan Razavi Province and analysed using a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies against the PPR virus.

Results

The results of this study indicated that the frequency of PPR virus exposure in camels in Khorasan Razavi Province was 3% (3 positive cases out of 100 camels). All the positive cases were female.

Conclusion

The seroconversion without any history of clinical disease among these camels indicated their exposure to the PPR virus in this region and their resistance to clinical disease. The resistance and sensitivity to this disease in camels have yet not been fully determined and require further studies. However, stressful risk factors such as transportation may contribute to the occurrence of clinical forms of PPR in camels. The detection of antibodies against the PPR virus in camels in this study reveals the fact that camels may be considerable contributors to the epidemiology of PPR in Iran.
A qualitative case study of health system barriers and facilitators to living donor kidney transplantation in Canada's most populous province
Authors: Horton Anna , Loban Katya , Nugus Peter , Maioni Antonia , Gunaratnam Lakshman , Knoll Greg , Mucsi Istvan , Sandal Shaifali
Published: November 2024

Patients with kidney failure need dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive. Living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is the best therapeutic option, yet global rates of LDKT have minimally increased, and there are disparities in access. The need for a systems approach to improvement has been highlighted. We aimed to understand what elements of a relatively large health system interact to deliver LDKT and act as facilitators or barriers. This was an exploratory case study of Ontario, the most populous province in Canada that conducts 600–700 kidney transplantations annually, of which ~30% are LDKT. Data collection entailed interviews with multiple stakeholders (n = 37), and document review (n = 29) served as a means of triangulating the data. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. A multicomponent intervention to facilitate kidney transplantation was simultaneously being conducted which allowed us to capture its impact (EnAKT‐LKD). Eight themes were identified, that were separated into facilitators and barriers. Centralized leadership, directed resource deployment, dynamic communities of practice, and informal collaborations between various elements of the health system were found to facilitate LDKT. Barriers were inadequate donor and patient resources to support equitable access, lengthy and poorly coordinated workups for donors and recipients, and issues of jurisdictional control and competition for resources. The EnAKT‐LKD initiative was described as having boosted resource deployment and collaborative capacity and improved strategic alliances by establishing communities of practice. This case study has identified how individual elements in a health system interact to facilitate and impede the delivery of a therapy to patients.
Integrated Traffic Simulation Developer Suite for Shared Automated Mobility
Authors: Oikonomou Maria G. , Sekadakis Marios , Ziakopoulos Apostolos , Tengg Allan , Yannis George
Published: November 2024

Within the SHOW project (GA No 875530), real-life urban demonstrations across 22 cities were conducted, exploring and validating the integration of Cooperative Connected and Automated Mobility (CCAM) in various public transport schemes. The project employs extensive traffic simulations using different tools and approaches. This chapter outlines the development of an integrated simulation suite that combines elements from the diverse simulations. The simulation suite is a web-based open access tool and offers guidelines, steps, and mathematical definitions for simulating CCAM. Designed for researchers, practitioners and even non-experts, while providing insights and results valuable to city planners. By emphasizing key findings from simulations, the application of the suite and its support for decision-making become more tangible.
The Influence of Hybrid Fiber Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: He Yabin , Yu Lei , Chen Sheng , Yan Chuankai , Lin Zhansheng , Yu Chen
Published: November 2024

The concrete with different fibre and ratio can lead to different performance. This paper studies the mechanical properties of concrete by changing the ratio of PVA fibre and steel fibre. Three kinds of ratio of the PVA fibre and steel fibre are studied. They are 0% PVA fibre and 0% steel fibre, 0.25% PVA fibre and 0.75% steel fibre, 0.5% PVA fibre and 0.5% steel fibre. The compressive strength, flexural strength, bending toughness are tested. The test result shows that the compressive strength of the P0.25S0.75 increases. While the group of P0.5S0.5 shows a little range of decreasing. The 28d flexural strength of P0.25S0.75 and P0.5S0.5 increases 2.3 and 30.2% respectively. The loading-deflection curves of P0.25S0.75 and P0.5S0.5 all appear strain harden property. By the mixing amount of the PVA fibre increasing, the cracking strength and limitation bearing ability can all be enhanced. The areas under the curve enlarge and the toughness of the concrete are enhanced. The bending toughness of P0.5S0.5 is much better than the P0.25S0.75 but the difference is not very large.
Development and Field Application of Self-compacting and Highly Impermeable Backfill Materials
Authors: Liu Peng , Liu Quanwei , Ye Shoujie , Yan Jia , Liu Rentai , Chen Mengjun , Zong Chao , Jiang Jinyan
Published: November 2024

Aiming at the characteristics of structural backfill engineering, combined with the backfill performance requirements of subway stations, and taking backfill material fluidity, crystalline body strength, seepage resistance and volumetric stability as the main assessment indexes, a self-compacting and high seepage-resistant backfill material has been researched and prepared by taking the bulk solid waste cinder slag and fly ash as the main raw materials, blast furnace slag powder as the dope, and cement as the curing component. Compared with traditional backfill, the material has self-leveling characteristics and good backfill uniformity. The 28-day compressive strength of the material can reach 10.2–21.3 MPa, which exceeds that of C10 concrete. The material has good seepage resistance, seepage pressure up to 0.7–0.8 MPa, good volume stability, 28 d shrinkage rate of 10–4 orders of magnitude. The research results were applied in the backfilling project of Xintun Station of Qingdao Metro Line 6, which showed excellent mobility, greatly saving construction cost and time, and the test results met the project requirements. This study takes into account the requirements of material performance and the proportion of solid waste mixing, and under the premise of meeting the engineering requirements of backfill materials, it can effectively absorb fly ash, slag and other bulk solid waste, and has achieved good economic and environmental benefits.
A New Look on Korovkin Theorem
Authors: Bucur Ileana
Published: November 2024

Giving a sequence $$P=(P_{n})_{n}$$

P
=

(

P
n

)

n

of kernels on a measurable space (or just a semigroup $$(P_{t})_{t\in (0,\infty )}$$

(

P
t

)

t
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

), we are interested to describe the “semi-excessive” functions w.r. to P, i.e., measurable functions f, such that $$\lim \nolimits _{n\rightarrow \infty } P_{n}(f)=f$$

lim

n
→
∞

P
n

(
f
)

=
f

(or $$\lim \nolimits _{t\rightarrow 0} P_{t}(f)=f$$

lim

t
→
0

P
t

(
f
)

=
f

). We extend in this frame the famous Korovkin result on the uniform convergence of $$P_{n}(f)$$

P
n

(
f
)

to f on a class of measurable functions f, but beside that, we give a pointwise convergence result which may be a useful tool in Probabilistic Potential Theory as well Right Processes.