bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacist‐led medication reviews in aged care residents with dementia: A systematic review
Authors: McDerby Nicole , Kosari Sam , Bail Kasia , Shield Alison , Peterson Greg , Naunton Mark
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To evaluate outcomes associated with pharmacist‐led medication reviews in residential aged care facility (RACF) residents with dementia.

Methods

Six scientific databases were searched. All study designs investigating pharmacist‐led medication reviews in RACF residents with dementia were considered. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019121681).

Results

One randomised controlled trial (RCT) and five observational studies were identified. Two studies reported reductions in medication usage per resident, and one study reported improved appropriateness of psychotropic use following reviews as part of multi‐faceted, collaborative interventions. In three studies, reviews undertaken as an isolated intervention or by a visiting pharmacist with minimal collaboration with physicians were associated with low implementation rates of recommendations to alter therapy.

Conclusion

Pharmacist‐led medication reviews, when conducted collaboratively, may improve the use of medicines in RACF residents with dementia. However, robust conclusions cannot be drawn, largely due to the low quality of evidence available, including only one RCT.
Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid: 21‐year experience in a Nordic country
Authors: Niinimäki Paula , Siuko Mika , Tynninen Olli , Kivelä Tero T. , Uusitalo Marita
Published: August 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical features, diagnostic challenges, management, and prognosis of sebaceous carcinoma (SC) of the eyelids and periocular region in a Nordic country.

Methods

Patients were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Helsinki University Hospital databases during the 21‐year period 1998–2018. Age, sex, location, clinical and histopathologic diagnosis, treatment and outcome were registered.

Results

Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) was diagnosed in 32 patients. The incidence was 0.6 per million. Median age at the time of histopathologic diagnosis was 74 years, and 72% of patients were women. Diagnostic delay was often long, median 12 months. The most common cause for delay was misdiagnosis (72%): a chalazion in 34% and a benign tumour in 22%. The most common location was the upper eyelid (53%) and tumour type a solitary nodule (94%). The SC was not correctly diagnosed in 12 (40%) of 30 preoperative biopsies. The treatment for 31 (97%) patients was complete surgical removal with reconstruction. Conjunctival intraepithelial growth was found in 50%. The leading postoperative problem was ocular irritation (30%). During a median follow‐up of 58 months, two patients (6%) experienced a local recurrence and one patient died from metastatic SC.

Conclusions

The estimated incidence of SC in Finland was somewhat higher than in other Western countries. The diagnosis was often markedly delayed. Especially differentiation from chalazion continues to be essential. To improve outcomes, it is essential to inform the pathologist about the possibility of SC in eyelid biopsies and specimens and ideally submit them to an ophthalmic pathology service.
‘Trying to bring attention to your body when you’re not sure where it is’: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of drivers and barriers to mindfulness for people with spinal cord injury
Authors: Hearn Jasmine Heath , Finlay Katherine Anne , Sheffield David
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Work is beginning to explore the impact of mindfulness in managing the physical and psychological health of people with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, no previous work has sought to understand what drives people with such conditions to try mindfulness, and what barriers are experienced in accessing mindfulness.

Design

An exploratory, qualitative, interview design, utilizing interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 people with SCI who had experience of mindfulness since sustaining their injury. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using IPA to understand the lived experience of mindfulness post‐SCI.

Results

Analysis suggested that managing physical and mental health, and viewing mindfulness as proactive and protective were key drivers for exploring mindfulness. However, multiple barriers to accessing opportunities and developing capability impeded engagement. These included the focus on areas of the body that participants had reduced sensation in, physical environments that could not be navigated in a wheelchair, social stigma surrounding the use of mindfulness, and a sense of obligation and risk of failure implied by perceived requirements for engagement.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate the need for specific interventions to accommodate the reduced sensory and physical function experienced by people with neurological conditions and to enhance sense of control and autonomy. In addition, recommendations include minimizing the stigma surrounding mindfulness, and the potentially demotivating impact of the perception of ‘failing’ to engage.
Surrendering to social emptiness: Chronic social exclusion longitudinally predicts resignation in asylum seekers
Authors: Marinucci Marco , Riva Paolo
Published: August 2020

The current knowledge of the long‐term consequences of social exclusion mostly relies on theoretical assumptions. (Williams, 2009, Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol., 41, 275) hypothesized that chronic ostracism drives individuals into a stage of resignation (depression, alienation, unworthiness, helplessness). We focused on asylum seekers (N = 112) as a social group at risk of experiencing prolonged instances of exclusion. Applying a three‐wave longitudinal design with a three‐month interval between each wave, we sought to advance the knowledge of the temporal development of chronic social exclusion. Cross‐lagged panel analyses showed that social exclusion influenced the development of feelings of resignation in the long term, from baseline to six months and between three and six months. In the same time frame, the perception of social exclusion became stable and chronic. These findings provide empirical evidence that chronic exclusion predicts resignation and shed light on the temporal development of the detrimental impact that pervasive exclusion can have on people belonging to marginalized social groups.
Efficacy of postoperative oral metronidazole for haemorrhoidectomy pain: a randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Wilkie B. D. , Chandra R. , Chua J. , Lam D. C. S. , Paratz E. D. , An V. , Keck J. O.
Published: August 2020

Aim

The aim of this work was to examine the efficacy of oral metronidazole in reducing posthaemorrhoidectomy pain versus placebo.

Method

Forty patients were randomized to either metronidazole and standard care or placebo and standard care (21 metronidazole, 19 placebo) in a double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial. The main outcome measure was posthaemorrhoidectomy pain scores over 21 days, measured on a 10‐point Likert scale.

Results

There were no significant differences between groups with regards to age, gender, smoking status, self‐reported general health or quality of life, haemorrhoid‐related pain, haemorrhoid‐related impact on quality of life, reported satisfaction with surgery, experience of surgery, median overall pain score or likelihood of recommending surgery to others. For reported median worst pain scores and defaecation‐related pain, a trend to significance was identified between groups on days 16 and 18–21, with the metronidazole group reporting less pain. However, these differences were not significant when prespecified Bonferroni correction criteria were used. Using multilevel mixed effects modelling, the impact of time on median worst pain score was identified to be highly significant (P < 0.0001) whereas treatment allocation (placebo versus metronidazole) did not significantly affect the improvement in patients' reported pain (P = 0.8837).

Conclusion

Our data do not support the hypothesis that postoperative metronidazole has a clinically meaningful effect on posthaemorrhoidectomy pain. This study adds to the previous literature, and implies that it should not be routinely used as an adjunct to analgesia.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON RETAIL GASOLINE PRICE SEASONALITY
Authors: Davis Michael C.
Published: August 2020

Stricter environmental standards on gasoline have had impacts on the prices of gasoline including the seasonality of gasoline prices. Using both national data and individual station data, the paper tests for a possible explanation for this increase. Three theories are tested: that gasoline seasonality increases due to higher costs, due to greater market power because of segmented markets, or due to greater asymmetry because of greater inattention on the part of customers. The results suggest that gasoline price seasonality has increased both due to higher costs and greater market power with mixed results on the inattention of consumers.(JELQ41, Q53, Q58).
Serum biomarkers in patients with stable and exacerbated COPD‐bronchiectasis overlap syndrome
Authors: Sever Zekiye Kula , Bircan Haci Ahmet , Sirin Fevziye Burcu , Evrimler Sehnaz , Celik Seda , Merd Neslihan
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Bronchiectasis (B), commonly seen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is associated with exacerbations and predicts mortality.

Objectives

To differentiate patient groups with COPD‐(B+) or COPD‐(B−) and their exacerbations by using inflammatory markers.

Methods

Consecutive COPD patients were divided into two groups according to findings on high resolution thorax CT (HRCT) images using Smith and modified Reiff scores. Patients were prospectively followed for possible future exacerbations. Serum fibrinogen, C‐reactive protein (CRP), soluble urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) levels were studied during exacerbation and stable periods.

Results

Eighty‐seven patients were included and (85 M, 2 F), mean aged was 68.1 ± 9 (46‐87). HRCT confirmed bronchiectasis in 38 (43.7%) patients, most commonly in tubular form (89.4%) and in lower lobes. COPD‐B(+) group had lower body mass index (P = 0.036), more advanced stage of disease (P = 0.004) and more frequent exacerbation (P = 0.01). The HRCT scores were correlated with exacerbation rate (r = 0.356, P < 0.05). Fibrinogen and CRP values were higher in exacerbation (P = 0.01, P = 0.013, respectively) especially in COPD‐B(+) patients. suPAR and PAI‐1 levels were also higher in COPD‐B(+) patients although it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Bronchiectasis is common and causes frequent exacerbations in COPD. Identifying of COPD‐B(+) phenotype by HRCT scoring systems has considerable importance for both therapeutic options and clinical outcome of the disease. In addition to fibrinogen and CRP, high serum levels of suPAR and PAI‐1 suggest us their significant roles in increased systemic inflammation associated with coexisting of COPD and bronchiectasis.
Determinants of Delphacidae richness and endemism in China
Authors: Zhao Zhengxue , Jin Baocheng , Zhou Zhengxiang , Yang Lin , Long Jiankun , Chen Xiangsheng
Published: August 2020

1. Identifying the macro‐scale patterns and the underlying mechanisms of species richness are key aspects of biodiversity‐related research. In China, previous studies on the mechanisms underlying insect richness have primarily focused on the current ecological conditions. Therefore, the impact of historical climate change on these mechanisms is less well understood.

2. Here, we use members of the Delphacidae family to evaluate the relative impact of the current environmental conditions and that of the Last Glacial Maximum on total species richness and endemism. Total species richness and endemic species richness were summed in 1° × 1° grid cells that the insects occupied. Generalised linear models, simultaneous autoregressive models, and random forest models were used to assess the effects of different environmental factors on total species richness and endemism.

3. The two patterns of species richness are jointly regulated by the current environment and the Last Glacial Maximum, but their key determinants differ. Winter coldness and the temperature annual range strongly affected the total species richness, but temperature variation during the Last Glacial Maximum also played an important role in the development of species richness. The distribution of endemic species was most strongly affected by the Last Glacial Maximum temperature change.

4. The studies confirm that historical climate change contributes to patterns of insect species richness, particularly patterns of endemism. Considering that China was mildly affected by the last glacial period, we propose that the incorporation of historical climate data into such studies will provide a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
What are the Conditions Associated with Subscore Added Value Noninvariance? Implications for Improving Subscore Interpretation Fairness
Authors: Rios Joseph A. , Miranda Alejandra A.
Published: August 2020

Subscore added value analyses assume invariance across test taking populations; however, this assumption may be untenable in practice as differential subdomain relationships may be present among subgroups. The purpose of this simulation study was to understand the conditions associated with subscore added value noninvariance when manipulating: (a) subdomain test length, (b) differences in subgroup mean ability, and (c) subgroup differences in intersubdomain correlations. Results demonstrated that subscore added value was noninvariant for 24–100% of replications (depending on subdomain test length) when the subgroup difference in intersubdomain correlation was equal to .30. To examine if this condition was met in practice, applied invariance analyses of three operational testing programs were conducted. Across these datasets, noninvariant subscore added value was present for some subdomains across sex and ethnic subgroups. Overall, these results indicate that subscore added value noninvariance is largely driven by differential intersubdomain correlations among subgroups, which may be present in some operational testing programs.
Skin microbiota analysis in human 3D skin models—“Free your mice”
Authors: Emmert Hila , Rademacher Franziska , Gläser Regine , Harder Jürgen
Published: August 2020

In the May issue of Experimental Dermatology 2018, we published a review article focusing on human 3D skin models in the context of microbiota research. The principal intention was to provide an overview of present and future concepts to use skin models in microbiota analyses. With the present viewpoint, we would like to draw the reader's attention again to the use of human skin models in microbiota research with the aim to highlight the benefits and necessity of human skin models to analyse the human skin‐microbiota interaction. This is accompanied by a critical view on mice models that often are not suitable to analyse the functional impact of the human skin microbiota. In addition, we present novel and future concepts highlighting the benefits of human 3D skin models in microbiota research.
Heterogeneity in amount of growth factors secreted by platelets in platelet‐rich plasma samples from alopecia patients
Authors: Shaik Javed A. , Estharabadi Nima , Farah Ronda S. , Hordinsky Maria K.
Published: August 2020

Platelet α‐granules release growth factors (GFs) that promote healing and tissue regeneration. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is shown to be beneficial in treating alopecia, and however, clinical response can be inconsistent. Due to several fold enrichment of platelets secreting large quantities of GFs following PRP injections, heterogeneity in amounts of GFs secreted by platelets may contribute to inconsistent clinical responses. Herein, we evaluated factors that could potentially contribute to heterogeneous secretion of GFs by platelets. We measured platelet secretion of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF‐BB), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) in aliquots of de‐identified PRP samples from female patients undergoing therapy in the hair disease clinic. Although secretion of GFs by platelets was comparable in PRP samples of patients with non‐cicatricial and cicatricial alopecia, a Shapiro‐Wilk test for normal distribution indicated significant variability across all patient samples. The amount of GF secreted by platelets was comparable when PRP prepared from two FDA‐cleared devices with distinct techniques were compared. We provide evidence of platelets secreting heterogeneous amounts of GFs within each sample as high and low secretion of random factors could be simultaneously detected. These results suggest inherent heterogeneity in secretion of GFs by platelets in patient samples that are not influenced by the device used to prepare PRP. Since some GFs could have antagonistic effects on hair growth, a balance between amounts of growth promoting and inhibiting factors may be crucial in determining clinical response to PRP therapy.
Straw utilization for biofuel production: A consequential assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from bioethanol and biomethane provision with a focus on the time dependency of emissions
Authors: Buchspies Benedikt , Kaltschmitt Martin , Junginger Martin
Published: August 2020

The shift from straw incorporation to biofuel production entails emissions from production, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and through the provision of (co‐)products and entailed displacement effects. This paper analyses changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions arising from the shift from straw incorporation to biomethane and bioethanol production. The biomethane concept comprises comminution, anaerobic digestion and amine washing. It additionally provides an organic fertilizer. Bioethanol production comprises energetic use of lignin, steam explosion, enzymatic hydrolysis and co‐fermentation. Additionally, feed is provided. A detailed consequential GHG balance with in‐depth focus on the time dependency of emissions is conducted: (a) the change in the atmospheric load of emissions arising from the change in the temporal occurrence of emissions comparing two steady states (before the shift and once a new steady state has established); and (b) the annual change in overall emissions over time starting from the shift are assessed. The shift from straw incorporation to biomethane production results in net changes in GHG emissions of (a) −979 (−436 to −1,654) and (b) −955 (−220 to −1,623) kg CO2‐eq. per tdry matter straw converted to biomethane (minimum and maximum). The shift to bioethanol production results in net changes of (a) −409 (−107 to −610) and (b) −361 (57 to −603) kg CO2‐eq. per tdry matter straw converted to bioethanol. If the atmospheric load of emissions arising from different timing of emissions is neglected in case (a), the change in GHG emissions differs by up to 54%. Case (b) reveals carbon payback times of 0 (0–49) and 19 (1–100) years in case of biomethane and bioethanol production, respectively. These results demonstrate that the detailed inclusion of temporal aspects into GHG balances is required to get a comprehensive understanding of changes in GHG emissions induced by the introduction of advanced biofuels from agricultural residues.
Exploring the recent upsurge in productivity disparities among European regions
Authors: Gómez‐Tello Alicia , Murgui‐García María José , Sanchis‐Llopis María Teresa
Published: August 2020

This paper analyses thse evolution of productivity disparities across 156 European regions in the period 2000–2015. Using regional data, a battery of inequality indexes enables us to assess the extent of regional disparities. After confirming that labour productivity is the main component of income disparities, a dynamic shift‐share analysis is carried out at a 10‐industry level of disaggregation. The study evaluates the relative role of the three components underlying the disparities in regional productivity: changes in the industry mix, and within‐ and between‐industry productivity gaps. The main results can be summarised as follows. First, regional disparities are on the rise again in the EU. Second, most regions are now closer to the average, while a small group of the richest regions are moving further away. Third, the main drivers of productivity disparities are within‐industry differences in labour productivity with regard to the richest regions and, less importantly, the specialisation of the richest regions in more progressive industries. Finally, the net effect of structural change is still making a positive contribution to convergence with the leading regions.
Location choice of industrial land reduction in Metropolitan Area: Evidence from Shanghai in China
Authors: Wang Keqiang , Li Guoxiang , Liu Hongmei
Published: August 2020

Under the background of supply side structural reform of the land market, this paper constructs a location choice behavior model of reduction from the perspective of rent maximization, explores how these factors affect the industrial land reduction location choice. We consider 100 industrial parcels in the suburbs of Shanghai as an example to analyze. It is found that the enterprises in development zones have greater advantages in economies of scale, labor productivity, pollution treatment, and tax payments than enterprises outside the development zone, so the low‐efficiency enterprises outside the development zones are the preferred objects of reduction. The suburban areas have a stronger attraction than the outer suburbs in the process of location choice, and the closer the city center is, the more obvious the location advantages of enterprises in development zones. Under the control of the total amount of construction land, the land use structure should be constantly adjusted, inefficient enterprises outside the development zone should be preferred to the reduction object, and the government should actively guide enterprises to enter the development zones.
Haemophilia care in Europe: Past progress and future promise
Authors: O'Mahony Brian
Published: August 2020

Haemophilia care has experienced unprecedented advances over the past 50 years, with the promise of a functional ‘cure’ being within reach in the not so distant future. This review outlines the challenges the haemophilia community in Europe has faced over the decades since the 1970s and how it has overcome them to steadily advance care. It will also look towards the future and anticipate the hurdles to accessing the next wave of innovation and apply how past experience can help reduce or eliminate these hurdles. The lessons we can learn from the past can inform not simply treatment decisions, but shape the policy, advocacy and access environment needed to make the future promise a reality. The future is bright, but only through active participation across the haemophilia community will we be able to achieve it. We need to work together, to ensure progress will not only be realized by those with haemophilia in Western Europe, but by all those with haemophilia and other inherited bleeding disorder throughout Europe.
Shared decision making in breast cancer treatment guidelines: Development of a quality assessment tool and a systematic review
Authors: Maes‐Carballo Marta , Muñoz‐Núñez Isabel , Martín‐Díaz Manuel , Mignini Luciano , Bueno‐Cavanillas Aurora , Khan Khalid Saeed
Published: August 2020

Background

It is not clear whether clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and consensus statements (CSs) are adequately promoting shared decision making (SDM).

Objective

To evaluate the recommendations about SDM in CPGs and CSs concerning breast cancer (BC) treatment.

Search strategy

Following protocol registration (Prospero no.: CRD42018106643), CPGs and CSs on BC treatment were identified, without language restrictions, through systematic search of bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, CDSR) and online sources (12 guideline databases and 51 professional society websites) from January 2010 to December 2019.

Inclusion criteria

CPGs and CSs on BC treatment were selected whether published in a journal or in an online document.

Data extraction and synthesis

A 31‐item SDM quality assessment tool was developed and used to extract data in duplicate.

Main results

There were 167 relevant CPGs (139) and CSs (28); SDM was reported in only 40% of the studies. SDM was reported more often in recent publications after 2015 (42/101 (41.6 %) vs 46/66 (69.7 %), P = .0003) but less often in medical journal publications (44/101 (43.5 %) vs 17/66 (25.7 %), P = .009). In CPGs and CSs with SDM, only 8/66 (12%) met one‐fifth (6 of 31) of the quality items; only 14/66 (8%) provided clear and precise SDM recommendations.

Discussion and conclusions

SDM descriptions and recommendations in CPGs and CSs concerning BC treatment need improvement. SDM was more frequently reported in CPGs and CSs in recent years, but surprisingly it was less often covered in medical journals, a feature that needs attention.
Population dynamics of the butterflyPyrgus armoricanusafter translocation beyond its northern range margin
Authors: Widhalm Theresia , Fourcade Yoan , Frank Thomas , Öckinger Erik
Published: August 2020

Translocation experiments can be used to study the factors limiting species' distributions and to infer potential drivers of successful colonisation during range shifts.

To study the expansion dynamics of the butterflyPyrgus armoricanusin southern Sweden and to find out whether its distribution was limited by climate, translocation experiments were carried out within and 50–60 km beyond its natural range margin. Populations were monitored for 8 years following the translocation.

Although most translocation attempts failed,P. armoricanuswas able to survive in two sites north of its current range limit. One of them eventually led to expansion and establishment of a viable metapopulation. Translocation success appeared to be independent of latitude, suggesting that climate is not the main factor determining the current northern distribution limits of this butterfly.

Population growth and secondary spread in the expanding population were positively related to patch area and connectivity, while local habitat quality seemed to be less important.

The successful translocation and the importance of a well‐connected patch network suggest that the current distribution ofP. armoricanusis limited by its low dispersal ability combined with the fragmentation of its habitat, making it unlikely to track its changing climatic niche. Assisted migration could be an effective tool for such species, but long‐term evidence for its effectiveness is not yet available.
Effect of access cavity design on gaps and void formation in resin composite restorations following root canal treatment on extracted teeth
Authors: Silva E. J. N. L. , Oliveira V. B. , Silva A. A. , Belladonna F. G. , Prado M. , Antunes H. S. , De‐Deus G.
Published: August 2020

Aim

To evaluate the influence of ultraconservative endodontic access cavities (UEC) on gaps and void formation in resin composite restorations in extracted two‐rooted maxillary premolars after root canal treatment. Traditional endodontic access cavities (TEC) were used as a reference for comparison.

Methodology

Two‐rooted maxillary premolars were scanned in a micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) device, matched based on similar anatomical features and allocated into two groups (n = 10) according to the design of the access cavity: TEC or UEC. Teeth were mounted on a mannequin head and a single operator performed the treatment, including endodontic access cavity preparation, root canal detection, preparation, filling and restoration procedures, under magnification. For restorative procedure, a bulk fill flowable layer was applied initially followed by an overlaying of regular composite. After restoration procedures, a new micro‐CT scan was performed to check the quality of the coronal restoration by analysing the percentage volume of empty spaces present in the tooth‐restoration interface (gaps) and inside the restoration (voids). Data were analysed statistically using Shapiro–Wilk and Student’s t tests with a significance level of 5%.

Results

All specimens had gaps and voids. There were significant differences between the access cavity designs regarding the formation of voids with significantly more voids associated with the UEC (P < 0.05). Gap formation did not differ between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The access cavity design used during root canal treatment interfered with the adaptation of the restorative material. The minimally invasive access cavity design was associated with a significantly greater number of voids within restorations.
Virtual reality: an effective tool for teaching root canal anatomy to undergraduate dental students – a preliminary study
Authors: Reymus M. , Liebermann A. , Diegritz C.
Published: August 2020

Aim

To introduce virtual reality (VR) into the endodontic curriculum for teaching root canal anatomy and to evaluate the effectiveness of this new method on third‐year undergraduate students.

Methodology

Extracted human teeth were digitized using a CBCT scan and converted into STL files. The corresponding files were either 3D printed or imported into a VR software program. Subsequently, forty‐two third‐year undergraduate dental students in preclinical training were asked to respond to a questionnaire analysing their ability to detect all the anatomic features of the replica teeth and their comprehension of the underlying root canal anatomy. The investigation was based on three different methods: two‐dimensional radiography, CBCT scanning and VR simulation. Data were analysed using McNemar’s and binomial test, and the level of significance was set to 0.05 (P = 0.05).

Results

Students reported that CBCT and VR allowed them to detect all anatomic features more than radiography (P < 0.001 – P = 0.049). Because it allowed improved comprehension of root canal anatomy, the VR simulation was considered better than CBCT scanning and radiography. Most of the students adapted well to the VR simulation.

Conclusions

Dental students greatly appreciated the integration of VR simulation into the endodontic curriculum. From a didactic point of view, VR has considerable advantages over three‐dimensional reconstructions and two‐dimensional radiographs when teaching root canal anatomy.
Trends in treatment outcomes of hydrocele in Japanese children: A single‐institute experience
Authors: Hori Shunta , Aoki Katsuya , Ichikawa Kazuki , Morizawa Yosuke , Gotoh Daisuke , Fukui Shinji , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Anai Satoshi , Torimoto Kazumasa , Tanaka Nobumichi , Yoneda Tatsuo , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To investigate trends in treatment outcomes of surgical intervention versus observation for pediatric hydrocele.

Methods

This retrospective study included 175 patients diagnosed with hydrocele at our institution. Hydrocele was diagnosed based on medical history, physical examination and ultrasonography findings. The treatment for these patients was divided into two options: surgical intervention or careful follow up; the outcomes were investigated.

Results

The median age at diagnosis was 3 months, and a total of 11 patients (6%) were premature at birth. Hydrocele was diagnosed on the right side, the left side and bilaterally in 106 (61%), 46 (26%) and 23 (13%) patients, respectively. A total of 136 patients showed spontaneous improvement at the median 7 months after diagnosis, and 54 patients underwent surgical intervention. The rate of spontaneous resolution deceased with age, but spontaneous resolution was observed in patients aged >2 years.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that spontaneous resolution can be observed in patients aged >2 years, and surgical intervention can be carried out effectively and safely. Infant hydrocele should be followed up carefully for at least 1 year without surgical intervention since diagnosis. Investigation of the optimal timing of and appropriate reason for surgical intervention can lead to better management and outcomes in patients with hydrocele. Further research is warranted to support the current clinical practice.
Characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers and mitochondrialcytochrome c oxidase subunit IIgene in Bali mynaLeucopsar rothschildi
Authors: Ogata M. , Ishii H. , Onuma M.
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to develop polymorphic DNA markers for Bali mynaLeucopsar rothschildi. The mitochondrialcytochrome c oxidase subunit II(COII) gene was sequenced, and polymorphic microsatellite loci were searched using Next Generation Sequencing. Three haplotypes of mitochondrial COII gene were found in a Japanese population of Bali myna in human care. Eight polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers were also identified. In a sample group of 22 individuals, numbers of alleles and expected heterozygosities of the eight microsatellite loci ranged from two to three and 0·241 to 0·609, respectively. These results suggested that the genetic variation of this species might be low, similar to that of other threatened bird species.
Up‐conversion phosphor plate for white lighting device using NIR excitation source
Authors: In Jun H. , Jang Ho S. , Kim Ha J. , Chung Woon J. , Im Won B.
Published: August 2020

Upconversion phosphors have numerous advantages compared to down conversion phosphor materials, such as a weak background interface, low excitation energy, sharp emission lines, and long lifetimes. Conventionally, blue laser diodes are used to obtain strong white light by combining green‐ and red‐emitting phosphors. The blue‐excited white‐light‐emitting devices can be harmful when the blue light penetrates directly into the human body. However, lower energy excited lighting devices does not harm the human body because of their low‐energy photons are compatible with the biologically safe window. Hence, we present a prototype device that converts invisible near‐infrared light into visible white light. For this, we synthesized orange‐emitting Y2O3:Er3+, Yb3+ and blue‐emitting Y2O3:Tm3+, Yb3+ upconversion phosphors using a solid‐state reaction. Using these, phosphor‐in‐glass (PiG) samples with sintered glass frit were prepared to investigate their optical behavior under low‐excitation energy. The emission color from the stacked PiGs depends on the color balance between the activator ions of Er3+, Tm3+, and Yb3+, and their balance is optimized to obtain a white light. The results might pave the way for designing safe white‐light‐emitting devices using a low‐energy excitation source.
An examination of the nature and characteristics of patients readmitted to acute care from inpatient brain injury rehabilitation
Authors: McKechnie Duncan , Fisher Murray J. , Pryor Julie , Mckechnie Rochelle
Published: August 2020

Aim

To describe the nature of readmission to acute care and identify patient characteristics associated with avoidable readmission to acute care from inpatient brain injury rehabilitation.

Design

A retrospective cohort design.

Methods

Data prospectively documented between 1 January 2012 ‐31 December 2018 in local clinical and administrative database were used. Patient medical records were accessed when missing data were identified. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the nature of readmission episodes and univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify patient characteristics associated with readmission to acute care.

Results

Of the 383 patients admitted for rehabilitation, 83 (22%) experienced readmission to acute care for a total of 171 episodes. Thirty‐seven percent of readmission episodes were due to hospital acquired complications and therefore potentially avoidable. Infection accounted for 63% of hospital acquired complications. Patients with an avoidable readmission episode (N = 38) were more likely to have a significantly lower Functional Independence Measure score, be incontinent, have a tracheostomy, require a mobility aid, and be prescribed a dysphagia diet on rehabilitation admission. Patients with a tracheostomy on rehabilitation admission had a 56% probability for an avoidable readmission to acute care.

Conclusion

Brain injury rehabilitation patients with an avoidable readmission to acute care were more likely to have a higher burden of care on rehabilitation admission and infection was the leading cause of avoidable readmission episodes.

Impact

Research into readmission to acute care in the mixed brain injury inpatient rehabilitation population is limited. In this patient population, readmission to acute care is a contemporary issue that can occur at any time during a patient’s rehabilitation admission. This study provides valuable information informing practice change for preventing avoidable readmission episodes. Locally developed policy aimed at preventing readmission episodes should include proactive prevention, early recognition of complications and discrete escalation care pathways.
Outcome after tailored catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia using ultra‐high‐density mapping
Authors: Jungen Christiane , Akbulak Ruken , Kahle Ann‐Kathrin , Eickholt Christian , Schaeffer Benjamin , Scherschel Katharina , Dinshaw Leon , Muenkler Paula , Schleberger Ruben , Nies Moritz , Gunawardene Melanie A. , Klatt Niklas , Hartmann Jens , Merbold Lydia , Jularic Mario , Willems Stephan , Meyer Christian
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Tailored catheter ablation of atrial tachycardias (ATs) is increasingly recommended as a potentially easy treatment strategy in the era of high‐density mapping (HDM). As follow‐up data are sparse, we here report outcomes after HDM‐guided ablation of ATs in patients with prior catheter ablation or cardiac surgery.

Methods and Results

In 250 consecutive patients (age 66.5 ± 0.7 years, 58% male) with ATs (98% prior catheter ablation, 13% prior cardiac surgery) an HDM‐guided catheter ablation was performed with the support of a 64‐electrode mini‐basket catheter. A total of 354 ATs (1.4 ± 0.1 ATs per patient; mean cycle length 304 ± 4.3 ms; 64% macroreentry, 27% localized reentry, and 9% focal) with acute termination of 95% were targeted in the index procedure. A similar AT as in the index procedure recurred in five patients (2%) after a median follow‐up time of 535 days (interquartile range (IQR) 25th–75th percentile: 217–841). Tailored ablation of reentry ATs with freedom from any arrhythmia was obtained in 53% after a single procedure and in 73% after 1.4 ± 0.4 ablation procedures (range: 1–4). A total of 228 patients (91%) were free from any arrhythmia recurrence after 210 days (IQR: 152–494) when including optimal usual care.

Conclusions

Tailored catheter ablation of ATs guided by HDM has a high acute success rate. The recurrence rate of the index AT is low. In patients with extensive atrial scaring further ablation procedures need to be considered to achieve freedom from any arrhythmia.
Identification of hypertension in hospitalized children prescribed as‐needed antihypertensive medication
Authors: Kocher Kathryn R. , Tumin Dmitry , Lehmann Amber G. , Gomez Mendez Lilliana Michelle
Published: August 2020

Imperfect measurement conditions, transient blood pressure (BP) elevation due to pain or anxiety, and heavy clinical demands complicate hypertension (HTN) diagnosis in hospitalized children, and may prevent recognition of hypertensive episodes for children prescribed as‐needed (PRN) antihypertensive medication. The authors sought to describe the incidence and predictors of missed BP elevation among hospitalized children prescribed PRN antihypertensive medication at our hospital. BP data were retrospectively audited for children age 2‐18 admitted in 2018 to the general ward, and prescribed PRN oral nifedipine, intravenous [IV] or oral hydralazine, or IV labetalol. Appropriate recognition of BP elevation (exceeding the parameters in the medication order) was defined as administering medication within the ordered dosing interval, administering the medication earlier than planned, or physician documentation of why HTN treatment was withheld. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with recognition of BP elevation. Fifty‐six hospitalizations including 616 BP measurements were analyzed. BP elevation was appropriately recognized in 230 (37%) instances, in most of which (n = 190) the antihypertensive medication was given after excessive BP was noted. On multivariable analysis, higher systolic BP and BP elevation occurring at night were associated with increased likelihood of appropriate recognition. BP elevations are frequently missed in hospitalized children prescribed PRN antihypertensive medication. Particularly, there was low recognition of diastolic BP elevation and of systolic BP elevation close to but still exceeding the ordered threshold. Further staff education may be needed to raise awareness of lower BP thresholds for HTN in younger and smaller children.
A 10‐year prospective study on single immediate implants
Authors: Seyssens Lorenz , Eghbali Aryan , Cosyn Jan
Published: August 2020

Aim

To evaluate the clinical, aesthetic and radiographical outcome of single immediate implant placement (IIP) after 10 years (a) and to identify putative risk factors for advanced mid‐facial recession (b).

Material and Methods

Periodontally healthy patients with a thick gingival biotype and intact buccal bone wall were consecutively treated with a single immediate implant and crown in the aesthetic zone (15–25). Flapless surgery and socket grafting with deproteinized bovine bone mineral were performed. Seven patients received a connective tissue graft (CTG) at 3 months due to obvious alveolar process deficiency (n = 5) or advanced mid‐facial recession (n = 2). Clinical, aesthetic and radiographical outcomes at 10 years were compared to those at 5 years and CBCTs were taken at 10 years.

Results

Twenty‐two patients (10 women; mean age 50) were consecutively treated and 18 could be re‐examined. Two implants failed and two patients died. None of the parameters differed between the 5‐ and 10‐year re‐assessment (marginal bone loss: 0.31 mm; plaque score: 15%; probing depth: 3.4 mm; bleeding on probing: 32%; pink aesthetic score: 10.61; mesial papillary recession: −0.03 mm; distal papillary recession: 0.22 mm; mid‐facial recession: 0.58 mm). Six implants (33%) demonstrated ≥1 mm mid‐facial recession. Putative risk factors were merely based on descriptive statistics and included buccal shoulder position, no CTG, convex emergence profile and central incisor position. Three implants (17%) had no visible buccal bone on CBCT. One of these was too buccally positioned, another yielded peri‐implant mucositis and another demonstrated peri‐implantitis.

Conclusions

Advanced mid‐facial recession is common in the long term following IIP. Therefore, caution is required for IIP in the aesthetic zone.
Ontogeny in the European earwig (Forficula auricularia) and grain crops interact to exacerbate feeding damage risk
Authors: Kirkland Lisa S. , Maino James , Stuart Oliver , Umina Paul A.
Published: August 2020

The preference of herbivores for different host plants can be modulated by plant ontogeny. In agricultural pest management, this has implications for sowing dates and pest monitoring. In the last 20 years, the European earwig (Forficula auricularia), a cosmopolitan pest, has been increasingly implicated in damage to grain crops in Australia. Among these, rapeseed, Brassica napus, appears especially at risk, but little information on F. auricularia as a grain pest is available. We tested the susceptibility of seven grain crops commonly grown in Australia to infestation by F. auricularia using closed microcosm experiments, exposing plant seedlings at two early growth stages to four different life stages of F. auricularia. Lucerne and rapeseed were shown to be the most vulnerable crops, and younger seedlings experienced significantly more damage than older seedlings across all crop types. Fourth instar F. auricularia were found to cause greater feeding damage than younger or older earwigs, while adults collected in winter generally caused more damage than those collected in summer. Surprisingly, even second instar F. auricularia caused greater damage than summer adults. This variation could reflect the ontogenetically dynamic nutritional needs of earwigs. Recent studies of F. auricularia's life cycle in southern Australia indicate that these damaging life stages have some overlap with sowing dates of the crops tested here, exposing their vulnerable seedling stage to infestation. The phenology of F. auricularia in southern Australia therefore partly drives its ability to act as a pest. Future monitoring will likely need to track the distribution of F. auricularia life stages in order to effectively mitigate risks to vulnerable crops.
Antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamaldehyde, chitosan and high pressure processing against Cronobacter sakazakii in infant formula
Authors: Cetin‐Karaca Hayriye , Morgan Melissa C.
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of trans‐cinnamaldehyde (TC) and chitosan (CH) along with high pressure processing (HPP) against Cronobacter sakazakii in infant formula. HPP, with or without TC, and CH, was applied to reconstituted powdered infant formula with C. sakazakii. Microbiological and sensory analyses, pH, protein oxidation, and emulsion stability of each sample were determined. C. sakazakii was totally inactivated by HPP (600 MPa for 5 min), TC (0.05%) and CH (1%) combination after 4, 6, and 2 weeks of storage at 7, 23, and 45°C, respectively. All HPP treatments exhibited a minimum of 5.5 log CFU/ml reduction while the highest reductions with non‐HPP treatments were 2.1, 1.1, and 3.7 log CFU/ml at 7, 23, and 45°C storage, respectively. Although TC exhibited a cinnamon‐like taste, overall sensory attributes were not significantly different from the control samples. Remarkable deformation and damage in C. sakazakii cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy after the application of HPP and bioactive compounds.