bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Distribution of Asian, Middle Eastern, and Saharan Dust Simulated by CESM1/CARMA
Authors: Lian Siying , Zhou Luxi , Murphy Daniel M. , Froyd Karl D. , Toon Owen B. , Yu Pengfei
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Dust aerosols affect the radiative and energy balance at local and global scales by scattering and absorbing sunlight and infrared light. Parameterizations of dust lifting, microphysics, as well as physical and radiative properties of dust in climate models are still subject to large uncertainty. Here we use a sectional aerosol model (CARMA) coupled with a climate model (CESM1) to investigate the global distribution of dust aerosols, with an emphasis on the vertical distribution of dust. Consistent with observations at locations remote from source regions, simulated dust mass size distributions peak at around 2–3 micrometres in diameter and increase by 4 orders of magnitude from 0.1 μm to 2 µm. The size distribution above 2 µm is highly variable depending on distance from the source, and subject to uncertainty due to possible size dependent changes in physical properties such as shape and density. Simulated annual mean dust mass concentrations are within one order of magnitude of those found by the surface measurement network around the globe. Simulated annual mean aerosol optical depths are ~10 % lower than AERONET observations near the dust source regions. Both simulations and in-situ measurements during the NASA ATom field campaign suggest that dust mass concentrations over the remote ocean drop by two to three orders of magnitude from the surface to the upper troposphere (200 hPa). The model suggests that Saharan, Middle Eastern, and Asian dust accounts for ~59.7 %, 12.5 %, and 13.3 % of the global annual mean dust emissions, with the remaining 14.5 % originating from scattered smaller dust sources. Although Saharan dust dominates global dust mass loading at the surface, the relative contribution of Asian dust increases with altitude and becomes dominant in the upper troposphere. The simulations show that Asian dust contributes ~60.9 % to the global and annual mean dust concentration between 266 hPa and 160 hPa. Asian dust is mostly lifted in the spring by mid-latitude frontal systems. However, deep convection during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) favours the vertical transport of local dust to the upper atmosphere. Simulated dust accumulates in the ASM anticyclone and forms a local maximum; however, the simulated dust mass concentration is only ~0.04 % of the total aerosols in the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL), which are dominated by organics, sulfates and nitrates.
Experimental and Simulated Spectral Gamma-Ray Response of a NaI(Tl) Scintillation Detector used in Airborne Gamma-Ray Spectrometry
Authors: Breitenmoser David , Butterweck Gernot , Kasprzak Malgorzata Magdalena , Yukihara Eduardo Gardenali , Mayer Sabine
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The objective of this work is to simulate the spectral gamma-ray response of NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors for airborne gamma-ray spectrometry (AGRS) using the state-of-the-art multi-purpose Monte Carlo code FLUKA. The study is based on a commercial airborne gamma-ray spectrometry detector system with four individual NaI(Tl) scintillation crystals and a total volume of 16.8 L. To validate the developed model, radiation measurements were conducted using 57Co, 60Co, 88Y, 109Cd, 133Ba, 137Cs and 152Eu calibration point sources with known activities and source-detector geometries under laboratory conditions. In addition, empirical calibration and resolution functions were derived from these measurements combined with additional radiation measurements adopting natural uranium, thorium and potassium volume sources. The simulation results show superior accuracy and precision compared to previous AGRS simulation models with a median relative spectral error < 10 % for most of the radiation sources. Moreover, the implementation of a lower level discriminator model and detailed modelling of the laboratory result in a significant improvement in model accuracy for spectral energies < 100 keV compared to previous studies. Yet thorough statistical analysis incorporating statistical and systematic uncertainty estimates revealed statistically significant deviations between the simulated and measured spectra in the spectral region around the Compton edge, which could be attributed to the scintillator non-proportionality. These findings imply that the linear energy deposition model applied in this and previously developed AGRS simulation models should be revised and considered to be replaced by more accurate non-proportional models.
Enriching geospatial data with computer vision to identify urban environment determinants of social interactions
Authors: Garrido-Valenzuela Francisco , van Cranenburgh Sander , Cats Oded
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Characteristics of urban space (co-)determine human behaviour, including their social interaction patterns. However, despite numerous studies that have examined how the urban space impacts social interactions, their relationships are still poorly understood. Recent developments in computer vision and machine learning fields offer promising new ways to analyse and collect data on social interactions. This study proposes a new computer vision-based approach to study how the urban space impacts social interactions. The proposed method uses pre-trained object detection models to detect social interactions (including their geo-locations) from street-view imagery. After that, it regresses urban space characteristics – which are also detected using object detection models – on social interactions. For this study, 294,852 street-level images from three Dutch cities are analysed. Results from linear regression analysis show that for these three Dutch cities people tend to meet in places with a strong presence of recreational attractions and bicycles. Also, the results of data collection and image processing can be used to identify the areas most likely to produce social interactions in urban space to conduct urban studies.
Soil organic matter diagenetic state informs boreal forest ecosystem feedbacks to climate change
Authors: Myers-Pigg Allison , Kaiser Karl , Benner Ronald , Ziegler Susan
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The fate of soil organic carbon (SOC) in boreal forests is dependent on the integrative ecosystem response to climate change. For example, boreal forest productivity is often nitrogen (N) limited, and climate warming can enhance N cycling and primary productivity. However, the net effect of this feedback on the SOC reservoir and its longevity with climate change remains unclear. Here, we (1) applied lignin biomarkers to assess the diagenetic alteration of SOC in boreal forest organic soils across a climate gradient; and (2) investigated the coupling of soil C and N cycling and the influence of enhanced N availability on soil C stocks along this boreal forest climate transect. The lignin diagenetic state remained constant with climate warming, indicating a balance between the input and removal of lignin in these mesic boreal forests. When combined with previous knowledge of these forest ecosystems, including the diagenetic state of soil organic nitrogen and direct measures of carbon fluxes and stocks, the results indicate a coupled increase in carbon and nitrogen cycling with climate warming that supports forest productivity and maintains SOC stocks. Our observations are consistent with several lines of evidence in other biomes not limited by water availability, although the mechanisms for the maintenance of SOC stocks during climate warming appear to be ecosystem dependent.
Climate warming shortens ice durations and alters freeze and break-up patterns in Swedish water bodies
Authors: Hallerbäck Sofia , Huning Laurie S. , Love Charlotte , Persson Magnus , Stensen Katarina , Gustafsson David , AghaKouchak Amir
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Increasing air temperatures reduce the duration of ice cover on lakes and
rivers, threatening to alter their water quality, ecology, biodiversity, and
physical, economical and recreational function. Using a unique in situ
record of freeze and break-up dates, including records dating back to the
beginning of the 18th century, we analyze changes in ice duration (i.e.,
first freeze to last break-up), freeze and break-up patterns across Sweden.
Results indicate a significant trend in shorter ice duration (62 %), later
freeze (36 %) and earlier break-up (58 %) dates from 1913–2014. In the
latter 3 decades (1985–2014), the mean observed ice durations have decreased
by about 11 d in northern (above 60∘ N) and 28 d in southern Sweden
relative to the earlier three decades. In the same period, the average
freeze date occurred about 10 d later and break-up date about 17 d
earlier in southern Sweden. The rate of change is roughly twice as large in
southern Sweden as in the northern part. Sweden has experienced an increase
in occurrence of years with an extremely short ice cover duration (i.e.,
less than 50 d), which occurred about 8 times more often in southern
Sweden than previously observed. Our analysis indicates that even a 1 ∘C increase in air temperatures in southern (northern) Sweden
results in a mean decrease of ice duration of 22.5 (±7.6) d. Given that
warming is expected to continue across Sweden during the 21st century, we
expect increasingly significant impacts on ice cover duration and hence,
ecology, water quality, transportation, and recreational activities in the
region.
Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Wheat Stubble Agro-Residues to Eliminate Non-Process Components Meant for Papermaking and its Impact on Mechanical Strength Properties of Paper Products
Authors: Alam Izhar , Sharma Chhaya
Published: June 2022

Wheat stubble agro-residues material contains lingo-cellulose with high level of extractives and metal ions, which may be able to instigate some harmful impacts on the papermaking process. Pretreatment of stubble on the removal of metal ions and extractive, its impact on the content of chemical constituents like holocelluose, lignin, silica, the pulping yield as well as the mechanical properties of paper were examined in the laboratory. Acid pretreatment significantly reduced the content of the metal ions with about more than 50%. The conditions for acid pretreatment of the material were optimized to pH-2 at 5% consistency for 1 hour retention time with more benefits in extractives and metal ions removal and less impact on cellulose degradation. The demand of active alkali charge during pulp making was observed to be about 3% lower for the pretreated material as compared to the untreated one. Despite of chemical conservation, a higher pulping yield of about 6-7% was also observed in case of acid pretreated materials. Improved thickness, more crystalline and a high degree of polymerization of cellulose fibre were noticed due to acid pretreatment and the pulp obtained from acid pretreated material showed improved mechanical strength properties (tensile, tear, burst strength etc.). The study revealed that pretreatment of agro-residue material with dilute acid (optimized conditions) could be used to remove the non-process component and make it suitable for utilization in papermaking process with improved mechanical properties in the paper products.
Statistics in the South African school curriculum: content, assessment and teacher training
Authors:   North West University, Wessels Helena
Published: June 2022

In this paper the status, content and assessment of statistics in South African primary and secondary school curricula are discussed. With the new school curriculum, fully implemented in 2005, the scope of statistics has been broadened considerably; teacher training has however not yet caught up with the requirements for the teaching of the subject. A survey of teacher training programmes presented at the universities in South Africa was done to determine the status and content of statistics education in these programmes. Results show that many of these programmes do not yet train statistics teachers adequately for their task to prepare learners to be statistically literate citizens and that very few statistics education research studies on the post graduate level have been completed in the country.
RELATIONSHIP AND INSTITUTION: A THEORETICAL INTERPRETATION FRAMEWORK FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CHINESE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
Authors: WANG Dong
Published: June 2022

China’s way of doing things is the typical East way, which is the group-
based thinking, paying attention to people-oriented, focusing on “people”
in dealing with things, having strong interpersonal relationships, and
strong flexibility. The management of the West countries adopt the
dichotomy method of thinking, which is unclear. All of them are governed
by law, in accordance with institution management, without flexibility. For
them, interpersonal relationships are weak, but with clear division of
labor, powerful checks and balances, as well as clear rights and
obligations. Because of the different social forms of the East and West
countries and different social situations, China and other Eastern
countries have paid more attention to the overall relationship, while
Western countries have focused on the individual and specific issues of
independence. This paper analyzes the Eastern and Western cultures
based on the genetic differences between the East and the West. Starting
from the group standard of the eastern countries and the individual
standard of the western countries, the differences between the eastern and
western cultures are analyzed from the philosophical levelChina’s way of doing things is the typical East way, which is the group- based thinking, paying attention to people-oriented, focusing on “people” in dealing with things, having strong interpersonal relationships, and strong flexibility. The management of the West countries adopt the dichotomy method of thinking, which is unclear. All of them are governed by law, in accordance with institution management, without flexibility. For them, interpersonal relationships are weak, but with clear division of labor, powerful checks and balances, as well as clear rights and obligations. Because of the different social forms of the East and West countries and different social situations, China and other Eastern countries have paid more attention to the overall relationship, while Western countries have focused on the individual and specific issues of independence. This paper analyzes the Eastern and Western cultures based on the genetic differences between the East and the West. Starting from the group standard of the eastern countries and the individual standard of the western countries, the differences between the eastern and western cultures are analyzed from the philosophical level.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE INTERACTION OF HYDROGEN ISOTOPES WITH LITHIUM CERAMICS OF DIFFERENT GRADES
Authors: Askerbekov S. K. , Tolenova A. U. , Nesterov E. A.
Published: June 2022

This paper describes the results of experiments on the interaction of hydrogen isotopes with lithium ceramics of different grades. The studies were carried out in two stages: a cycle of work on saturation of samples in a deuterium medium was conducted at a facility for studying the interaction of gases with materials (CorrSiC’a)) based on an industrial highvacuum tube furnace GSL-1600, at temperatures of 300 °C, 500 °C, 700 °C; hermal desorption (TDS) experiments at a facility, where the sample is heated by a non-contact method (induction heating) at a rate of 2 K/s and 10 K/s, at a pressure of residual gases in the installation chamber ~10−4 Pa. The values of the activation energy of deuterium gas release from lithium ceramics of different grades are obtained.
Küresel Ölçekli Kapatmaların Sonrasında Siyasal Düzenin Yeniden Kurgulanması: “Yeni Normal” ya da “Ekolojik Normal”
Authors: CELEP Asım
Published: June 2022

2019 yılı Kasım ayında Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ilk defa ortaya çıkan ve bütün dünyayı etkisi altına alan Covid-19 salgını ile yeni bir döneme girilmiştir. Salgından korunma amaçlı insanlar belli mekânlara mâhkum olmuşlardır. Bu zorunlu durumda hem devletlerin zorlaması hem de iletişim araçlarının bariz etkisi görülmektedir. Burada oluşan yeni normal dönem, her disiplin tarafından farklı okunabilmektedir. Hastalığın oluşum ve devamı açısından fen bilimleri biyolojik, çevresel etkenleri ön planda tutarken; sosyal bilimler yönetim açısından olaya bakmaktadırlar. Hastalığın laboratuvarda üretilmesinden biyolojik silah olarak kullanılmasına kadar farklı distopik tasvirler aynı zamanda salgının hayvanlardan insanlara geçerek evrimleş bir virüs olduğu gerçeğini de gölgeleyememektedir. Salgın süreci, biyopolitik açıdan Foucault’un iktidarın bedenleri kontrol altına almasının açık göstergesi şeklinde okunabileceği gibi, ekolojik açıdan da dünyada sürdürülebilir bir yaşam için doğanın daha az aşındırılması şeklinde bir algının gelişmesine de sebep olmuştur. İnsanların kapatmalarla belli merkezlerde toplanması bölgesel çevre kirliğine sebep olabileceği gibi, doğanın geri kalanı için rahat bir nefes almasının da yolunu açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ‘yaşamın kaynağı çevre’ anlayışıyla salgına sebep olan faktörler kadar, salgın sonrası dönemdeki siyasetin merkezinin ekoloji temelli olması tartışılacak; ‘yeni normal’in ‘ekolojik normal’ olmasının gerekliliği tezi işlenecektir.
Expectations vs Experience: Managing the Adverse Effects of Service Failures on Customer Satisfaction in the Airline Industry
Authors: Masorgo Nicolò , Mir Saif , Hofer Adriana Rossiter
Published: June 2022

Airlines constantly seek to attenuate the negative impacts of operational service failures, namely arrival delays, mishandled baggage, and involuntary denied boarding, on customer satisfaction. Our study examines the roles of two management decisions—advertising expenses and flight personnel salaries—in shaping customer satisfaction via ex-ante expectations and the actual service experience, respectively. Drawing from expectancy disconfirmation theory (EDT) and the airline service quality literature, we investigate the effectiveness of these two expenses in moderating the impact of service failures on customer satisfaction. We test our hypotheses with a panel dataset created by merging data on 15,979 online airline ratings, operational service failures, and financial and traffic performance from three data sources for the 2010–19 period. We find that both arrival delays and involuntary denied boarding negatively affect customer satisfaction. In addition we find that while advertising positively impacts customer satisfaction, it strengthens the negative effect of involuntary denied boarding on customer satisfaction. However, increasing flight personnel salaries helps mitigate this negative effect through a positive and empathic service experience. These findings underscore the importance of managing passenger expectations about the service and enhancing the inflight experience as to ameliorate the negative effects of operational failures on customer satisfaction.
Revisión sistemática: metodología de análisis de rendimientos de la mano de obra en campo
Authors: Muñoz Peralta Luis Fernando , Calle Castro Carlos Julio
Published: June 2022

La industria de la construcción es una de las principales actividades que mueve la economía mundial, para su desarrollo es esencial manejar eficientemente el recurso mano de obra. Este recurso permite llevar a cabo todos los procesos y representa una parte importante en el costo total. En su desarrollo es necesario una metodología eficiente de análisis que permita levantar información necesaria para el análisis de rendimientos y los factores que los afectan a la construcción. Este estudio se centró en una revisión bibliográfica sistémica que permitió analizar y describir metodologías relevantes expuestas en diversas publicaciones de alto impacto en la base de datos Scopus. Se logró identificar datos interesantes y discutir procedimientos de construcción que permitieron establecer recomendaciones en la industria para la provincia del Cañar. Sobresalen cuatro metodologías por su uso a nivel mundial, siendo la más adec
Lamentation in ecology perspective of ruskin bond poetry
Authors: Ponni S , Saraswathy K.
Published: June 2022

Present state of affairs cognizance plenty of social issues, even as our environmental pollutants are main troubles in cutting-edge state of affairs. More Indian upcoming writer’s explicit the attention of environmental crises from their writing as well, Saroj Raj, Amitav  Ghosh, V.S Vijayan, C.R. Neelakandan, and Ruskin Bond. In this paper targeted on Ruskin Bond Elegy of ecology perceptive. He is one of the distinguished Indian writter, his maximum of the works offers with former splendor of environmental and its gift crises. The Room on the Roof, Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra, The Blue Umbrella, those are the most important work of Ruskin Bond. He now no longer handiest write short story, novel, prose and also writes poetry. This paper focused on his decided-on poetry approximately issues of gift days.
English Language Learning in English Language Teacher Education in El Salvador
Authors: Laureano-Alvarenga Manuel de Jesús , Maricela Ramos Silvia
Published: June 2022

Esta investigación consistió en describir las historias de éxito de docentes de inglés en preservicio durante el desarrollo de competencias lingüísticas en universidades salvadoreñas. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa con un enfoque fenomenológico, con el propósito de comprender las experiencias de vida durante el aprendizaje del inglés. Los participantes fueron 62 catedráticos, 57 docentes en formación, 16 coordinadores y 5 graduados de programas de inglés, quienes asistieron al simposio de lingüística aplicada realizado en septiembre de 2016. El instrumento aplicado fue una guía de entrevista semiestructurada con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. El análisis de datos se realizó por medio del software NVivo 10. Los hallazgos establecen que a) el énfasis de la preparación de maestros de inglés debe enfocarse en comprensión auditiva, expresión oral y adquisición de vocabulario, b) las asignaturas que contribuyen al desarrollo de competencias lingüísticas son expresión oral, comprensión lectora y gramática, c) la evaluación de competencias lingüísticas se realiza a través del examen TOEFL-ITP, entrevistas y exámenes escritos, d) las estrategias de éxito en exámenes estandarizados son la práctica y el estudio constante, e) las estrategias que las universidades emplean para desarrollar competencias lingüísticas son la práctica, cursos de refuerzo, oportunidades de desarrollo profesional y facilitar materiales, y f) las principales actividades que docentes en preservicio realizan fuera del aula son ver películas, escuchar música y la práctica constante.
Dialéctica masculina - femenina. Prácticas y discursos que perpetúan la violencia de género en El Salvador
Authors: Molina Gutiérrez Javier Alberto
Published: June 2022

El presente ensayo académico pretende orientar una revisión epistémica sobre la violencia histórica que han sufrido las mujeres, por su condición de género. El análisis parte desde la reflexión misma del género como construcción social enmarcada en un contexto como el salvadoreño, el cual para el autor es la génesis del problema, pues las mujeres se ven inmersas en un marco de relaciones desiguales de poder que les subyuga y somete. De igual manera, se intenta explicar cómo la configuración tanto de lo masculino como de lo femenino en este contexto promueve estereotipos, prejuicios sexistas y las normas culturales discriminatorias que pueden explicar las diferentes formas de violencia contra las mujeres. Finalmente, este ensayo pretende sentar una postura crítica, desde una perspectiva de género y transformación de masculinidades hegemónicas, que permita producir conocimiento útil que sirva para diseñar estrategias ingeniosas que contribuyan a transformar la realidad de las mujeres salvadoreñas.
Ecosistema de innovación agroindustrial aplicado a la nanotecnología
Authors: Urquilla Castaneda Alicia
Published: June 2022

El concepto de ecosistema empresarial se ha venido difundiendo últimamente; es conocido también como ecosistema de emprendimiento, el cual comprende un conjunto de requerimientos y disposiciones políticas con el fin de asistir las necesidades que tienen las nuevas empresas en el proceso de su apertura. Este artículo pretende dirigir al emprendedor a los diferentes componentes de un ecosistema empresarial, mostrando los beneficios y riesgos a los que deben enfrentarse, para que puedan consolidar mejor los actores que deben incluir en el ecosistema de acuerdo a los objetivos en común. Se presentarán algunos tópicos que ayudarán a resolver lo anterior, desde la innovación, los sistemas de innovación, hasta el ecosistema de innovación. Brindando como resultado de este análisis, un ecosistema empresarial de innovación enfocado en la nanotecnología de los alimentos.
Expansión y diversificación de la educación tecnológica en Jalisco basada en políticas para el desarrollo social y empresarial (1994-2018)
Authors: Cortés Gutiérrez Gladys Ivette , Mendoza Ramos Fátima Betsabé , Soulé Farías Carlos
Published: June 2022

El presente estudio pretende plantear cómo, en la década de los noventa hasta el año de 2018, se incrementó la oferta educativa superior tecnológica en México a partir de las necesidades sociales y empresariales, y de su incorporación en la agenda pública por parte de los gobiernos nacional y estatal en Jalisco, bajo el diseño e implementación de las políticas públicas como desarrollo económico. Bajo el cambio de gobierno presentado en los periodos 1988 al 2012 a nivel federal y, en 1995 al 2013 en el estado de Jalisco, dirigidos por actores del Partido Acción Nacional, se impulsó la creación de los institutos tecnológicos bajo el régimen federal y descentralizado; su objetivo era responder a la demanda educativa, empresarial y social que había, mediante la ampliación y diversificación de la oferta educativa en localidades donde no se contaba con educación superior, para brindar oportunidad de desarrollo individual y colectivo.
Estimación del peso al nacer. Modelo de cilindro ajustado por regresión lineal múltiple
Authors: Hernández Svendblad Pilar
Published: June 2022

El bajo peso al nacer es la causa más importante de la morbi-mortalidad neonatal. Tener una metodología y herramientas simples y accesibles a todo el mundo es importante para la vigilancia fetal. Se realizó un ajuste del modelo de cilindro para la estimación del peso al nacer, con el fin de ser utilizado desde embarazos pre-término a post-término. Se calculó el peso al nacer mediante el modelo de cilindro y posteriormente se ajustó el error relativo por regresión lineal múltiple. Se obtuvo una diferencia sustancial entre el error relativo original y el ajustado, 15.35 % (SD ± 11.56) vs 6.97 % (SD ± 6.67) para la cohorte de bajo peso al nacer y 19.69 % (SD ± 11.32) vs 9.33 % (SD ± 8.19) para la muestra de peso normal. Así mismo, para la predicción de BPN se obtuvo: Sensibilidad 84 %, Especificidad 97.5 %, VVP 98 %, VPN 81 %, RV+ 33.6 y RV- 0.17.
Bimaxillary protrusion: A literature review
Authors: Tolulase Abosede Yemitan  , Tolulope Bolanle Esan  , Ummukhaya Titilope Adebayo  , Oluwafolakemi Adebusola Egunjobi
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Bimaxillary protrusion is an occlusal feature characterized by protrusive and proclined upper and lower incisors, associated with increased flattening of the lips and greater than average degree of lip prominence. It is considered one of the malocclusion types that stimulate patients to seek orthodontic treatment to improve facial symmetry. Objective: To conduct a literature review on bimaxillary protrusion with respect to its aetiological factors, morphological features, prevalence, diagnosis, and management. Methods: Relevant sources of information were searched using electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, and Web of Science. A total of 28 articles were considered and included in the literature review. Results: It was observed that bimaxillary proclination is prevalent among Asian, African, African-American, and the Caribbean regions, but less prevalent in white Caucasian populations. Treatment of patients with bimaxillary protrusion by extraction of four premolars was found to be successful in decreasing the dental and soft tissue procumbency seen in patients with bimaxillary protrusion. Conclusion: Successful treatment of patients with bimaxillary protrusion starts with a good understanding of the patient’s concerns and sometimes, a close collaboration between an orthodontist and an oral surgeon.
HbA1c is associated with hypertriglyceridimea in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rajendra Bashyal
Published: June 2022

Background: Hypertriglyceridimea is defined as Triglyceride level in blood greater than 150 mg/dl, Type 2 diabetes mellitus one of which results from obesity is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance. HbA1c level will be high in condition of type2 diabetes one of the markers that displays progression of disease in the patient. Many metobolic pathways are impaired in hyperglycemia which results into dyslipidemia Methods: 186 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled for this study out of them 131 were female and 55 were males, the blood sample of the patient were taken and other parameter of the patient such as BMI, total cholesterol and triglyceride. Inclusion criteria: Patient who are diagnosed with diabetes with blood sugar level greater than 200mg and regularly visitng their physician for the update of their disease. Exclusion Criteria: Patients suffering from cardiovascular disease, thyroid disorders, renal problems and other endocrinopathies and those taking lipid-lowering agents. Results: On comparing parameter gender wise, females exhibited higher values for Basal Metabolic Index, HbA1c, and TG. The HbA1c level were not found significant in any other parameter reference for HbA1c (good glycemic index <7%, and poor but glycemic index >7%) but TG (p=0.020) and HbA1c (p<0.001) showed significant correlation. Linear regression analysed value indicated that Hb TGs (p=0.020) and were independent of age, BMI, TC. Conclusion: The glycated Hb was associated with TGs, and no significant association was found with age, BMI, TC.
Various Analytical Techniques for the Isolation and Identification of Flavonoid Compounds: A Descriptive Review
Authors: Maruf Dlgash Hamad , Esmaeil Vian Sadiq , Mustafa Akam Jasim
Published: June 2022

Flavonoids are phytochemical compounds that can be found in a wide range of plants, including vegetables, fruits, and leaves. This vast set of phenolic plant elements can be split into numerous classes based on their diverse structures, including Flavanones, Flavanols, Flavonols, Flavones, Isoflavones, and Anthocyanins. Interestingly, they possess various applications such as natural dyes, medicinal uses, and food sources. Flavonoids have been shown to have anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral properties in clinical studies. They also have cardio-protective and neuroprotective effects. In addition, they are responsible for the presence of different colors and flavors in various fruits, flowers, and food sources. Multiple spectroscopic techniques, including Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, are being used to identify the structure of flavonoids. UV-Vis spectroscopy data can be used to estimate the position, type, and number of substituents present in a conjugated system. IR spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the type of functional groups and aromatic ring substitutions. The structure of Flavonoids, their type, number of protons, and carbons can be determined by NMR spectroscopy. The current review was based on searches of the Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for literature reviews. The purpose of this review article is to demonstrate the structure, function, and different extraction methods of flavonoids. It also summarizes the isolation and analytical identification techniques for flavonoids.
ICD-11: Organizational and Legal, Medical and Pharmaceutical, Social and Economic Issues of Implementation of the Program of State Guarantees of Medical Care in 2022 in Ukraine, Based on The Fundamental Principles of the European Union
Authors: Ivanishyn-Hayduchok Liubov , Shapovalova Viktoriia , Shapovalov Valerii
Published: June 2022

The development of health care and the pharmaceutical industry is based on the principles of the Constitution of Ukraine, the fundamental principles of the European Union, the basics of medical and pharmaceutical law. The Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the National Health Service of Ukraine are responsible for the protection of human rights and freedoms, human life and health, patients, and the nation’s gene pool, as well as privileged categories of citizens. State institutions on the basis of the Constitution of Ukraine, Laws of Ukraine, regulations of Ukraine and Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine during the implementation of the "Program of Medical Guarantees" for 2022 decide organizational and legal, medical and pharmaceutical, social and economic issues of the program of state guarantees of medical care population in 2022 according to ICD-11.
Botulinum toxin as adjunct therapy in surgical management of a periprosthetic scapular spine fracture: a case report
Authors: White Alex E. , Brusalis Christopher M. , Wellman David S. , Taylor Samuel A.
Published: June 2022

Six months after undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) a 73-year-old woman sustained a periprosthetic scapular spine fracture following a fall. She was treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), followed by botulinum toxin injection into the deltoid muscle to temporarily minimize strain at the fracture. Fracture union was achieved by three months, with excellent clinical function more than one year following fracture fixation and full resolution of deltoid function. Scapular spine fracture following RSA can be treated with ORIF and temporary deltoid paralysis using botulinum toxin in the immediate postoperative period to safely support fracture healing.
Sistema automático de posicionamento de filtros para calibração de dosímetros em feixes de raios x “segunda proposta alternativa”
Authors: Silva José Luiz Dias Ferreira da , Barbosa Ricardo Amorim
Published: June 2022

O Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes (LNMRI) tem responsabilidade como Laboratório Nacional na área das radiações ionizantes por designação do Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia. , fornece rastreabilidade metrológica às medições de doses de radiação recebidas por pacientes submetidos aos exames radiológicos e aos tratamentos do câncer e favorece a correta monitoração aos trabalhadores da indústria nuclear e de instalações radiativas, os quais são chamados de IOE Os filtros metálicos precisam ter um alto grau de pureza, de 99,999% em média; além disso, sua espessura precisa ser informada de forma o mais precisa possível. Por estas razões, um filtro metálico possui elevadíssimo custo.
Modelos de causas y consecuencias del aprendizaje de matemáticas. Enfoque sistémico
Authors: Isa Massa  , Fernando Gustavo
Published: June 2022

En estos tiempos urge la necesidad de encontrar teorías y modelos matemáticos para saber las causas que tienen como consecuencia el buen o mal aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Demostré en teoría y práctica con ejemplos 5 modelos; de estos son 4 de investigación básica y 1 de investigación aplicada. Para desarrollar dos métodos de obtención de causas a partir de consecuencias. Uso una deducción de la serie de Taylor para luego seguir con programación lineal y finalizar con probabilidad de áreas (con teoremas geométricos de Euclides o uso del gradiente). Para el otro método uso estadísticas circular. El objetivo de los dos métodos es conocer que causas son deducibles de consecuencias cuantificables. El primer método es producto de la ecuación madre de teoría de sistemas y junto al segundo son de aplicación general. Uso enfoque sistémico para demostrar su relación con la teoría de la educación.

 

 In these times urge the need to find theories and Mathematical Models in order to know 'the cause' which result either in a good or bad learning of mathematics. I've demonstrated in theory and practice with examples about 5 models; these are 4 basic research and 1 applied research. To develop two methods of obtaining causes from consequences, i use a deduction of the Taylor series and then continue with linear programming, finally i end up with probability areas (geometric theorems of Euclid or using gradients). For the other method i use a circular statistics. The aim of the two methods is to known what causes are deductible from measurable consequences. The first method is a result from the main equation of systems theory, and considering the second method too, both are about general application. I use the System theory in order to demonstrate its relationship with educational theory approach.
Inclusão de pessoas com deficiência e sua família no processo de desenvolvimento e implementação de Tecnologia Assistiva: relato de um grupo de pesquisa interdisciplinar
Authors: Bueno Rafael Giglio , Fernandes Ana Cláudia , Berlandi Thalita Andrade
Published: June 2022

O artigo relata a construção de um grupo de pesquisa formado na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, voltado a realizar estudos interdisciplinares em Tecnologia Assistiva. O trabalho fundamenta-se na problemática da participação do usuário e sua família no desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Assistiva. Adota-se, como plano de fundo, o empoderamento e a evolução histórica dos direitos das pessoas com deficiência.
Aproximación a los grafos de voronoi y diagramas de delaunay con diseños geométricos
Authors: Hernández Yancel Orlando Soto , Cortés Claudia Cecilia Castro
Published: June 2022

El desarrollo contemporáneo que se ha llevado a cabo en la teoría de grafos y su trabajo en la escuela, concibe la necesidad de comunicar potencialidades y aplicaciones prácticas del diagrama de Voronoi y la triangulación de Delaunay en el campo de la geometría plana por medio de manipulaciones e interpretación de fenómenos cotidianos. Este documento tiene como propósito, presentar aspectos clave de los grafos desde la perspectiva geométrica con la intención de reflexionar sobre aplicaciones de los mismos en correspondencia con el pensamiento geométrico.
Recurso pedagógico em tempos de ensino remoto para alunos com deficiência intelectual
Authors: De Freitas Leonardo Luís , Da Silva Heládio Soares , Freitas Merielle Maria Ramos , Oliveira Rafael Apolinário , Rodrigues Gersica Gomes
Published: June 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a experiência no processo de alfabetização com uma aluna do 1º ano do ensino fundamental na Escola Municipal Freitas Azevedo que possui epilepsia focal com crises discognitivas, tendo assim dificuldade de utilização de recursos tecnológicos para realizar acompanhamento de aulas e estar inserida no contexto escolar durante a pandemia. O ensino remoto, apesar das inúmeras barreiras de limitação da interação, devido ao distanciamento social entre aluno/professor e escola/família, encontramos nessa experiência, a construção de parcerias promissoras. Utilizando-se de atividades com recurso pedagógico “prancha pedagógica” com foco na aprendizagem significativa.
Green Techniques to Synthesize Schiff Bases
Authors: R Bendale Atul
Published: June 2022

From ancient times, the chemistry of Schiff base-containing molecules has been a fascinating subject of study. They've been found to be a flexible pharmacophore for the creation and development of a wide range of bioactive lead compounds. Schiff bases are compounds containing the imine functional group. Different Schiff base containing byproducts have recently been synthesized and studied for activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant and anxiolytic activity, antihypertensive, anticonvulsants, anticancer, and antifungal activity. Different green chemistry techniques like-solid state, sonochemical, microwave assisted synthesis for synthesis of Schiff bases are discussed in this review.
Increase of prevalence of Idiopathic Precocious Puberty in Girls, during the Covid-19 Pandemic: What are the possible causes? A systematic Review.
Authors: Toutoudaki Konstantina , Paltoglou George , Paschalidou Eleni , Triantafyllidou Olga , Kalampokas Emmanouil , Christopoulos Panagiotis
Published: June 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic changed everyday life dramatically. Lockdowns, imposed to prevent viral transmission have been investigated as possible contributors to negative health outcomes for all ages, as well as disruptors of normal children’s development. In this setting, an increase in consults for precocious puberty has been observed. Aim: To investigate the possible effects of the pandemic and lockdowns on the timing of puberty, along with the mechanisms interfering with pubertal onset. Methods: The study was conducted, according to the PRISMA guidelines, using the Advanced Search tools of the PubMed platform. Only the articles that were considered relevant were included. Results: Multiple reports for an increased incidence of precocious puberty have been published, comparing data with the pre-lockdown era, and attempting to shed light into the possible causes of this trend. Conclusions: The most popular factors that could have an influence in pubertal timing were BMI increase, overuse of electronic devices and psychological stress.
Applications and Challenges of 2D Materials in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Gong Yongji
Published: June 2022

Owing to the high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential, lithium (Li) metal is considered as the most promising anode material for next-generation batteries. However, the commercial application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is restricted by Li dendritic growth and infinite volume change. Generally, introducing lithiophilic sites and constructing artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer are regarded as effective ways to induce uniform deposition of Li and inhibit growth of Li dendrites. 2D materials, due to their unique planar structure, high specific surface area, high mechanical strength and rich surface chemistry, are expected to achieve high performance LMBs with high stability and safety. Herein, the current progress of 2D materials for LMBs is summarized, focusing on constructing lithiophilic sites and artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Perspectives of future directions for LMBs are discussed. With the continuous research of 2D materials in LMBs, it is predictable that 2D materials will have great application prospects and make a difference in high-energy-density LMBs.
Normalized solutions to a class of Kirchhoff equations with Sobolev critical exponent
Authors: Li Gongbao , Luo Xiao , Yang Tao
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we consider the existence and asymptotic properties of solutions to the following Kirchhoff equation
\(- \left(a+b\int_{{\mathbb{R}^3}} {{{\left| {\nabla u} \right|}^2}}\right) \Delta u=\lambda u+ {| u |^{p - 2}}u+\mu {| u |^{q - 2}}u\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\)
under the normalized constraint \(\int_{{\mathbb{R}^3}} {{u}^2}=c^2\), where \(a>0\), \(b>0\), \(c>0\), \(2<q<\frac{14}{3}
0\) and \(\lambda\in\mathbb{R}\) appears as a Lagrange multiplier. In both cases for the range of \(p\) and \(q\), the Sobolev critical exponent \(p=6\) is involved and the corresponding energy functional is unbounded from below on \(S_c=\{ u \in H^{1}({\mathbb{R}^3})\colon \int_{{\mathbb{R}^3}} {{u}^2}=c^2 \}\). If \(2<q<\frac{10}{3}\) and \(\frac{14}{3}<p<6\), we obtain a multiplicity result to the equation. If \(2<q<\frac{10}{3}<p=6\) or \(\frac{14}{3}<q< p\leq 6\), we get a ground state solution to the equation. Furthermore, we derive several asymptotic results on the obtained normalized solutions.
Our results extend the results of Soave (J. Differential Equations 2020 & J. Funct. Anal. 2020), which studied the nonlinear Schrödinger equations with combined nonlinearities, to the Kirchhoff equations. To deal with the special difficulties created by the nonlocal term \(({\int_{{\mathbb{R}^3}} {\left| {\nabla u} \right|} ^2}) \Delta u\) appearing in Kirchhoff type equations, we develop a perturbed Pohozaev constraint approach and we find a way to get a clear picture of the profile of the fiber map via careful analysis. In the meantime, we need some subtle energy estimates under the \(L^2\)-constraint to recover compactness in the Sobolev critical case.
THE RISKS OF BEING A PRETERM TWIN
Authors: CERAN BURAK , AKIR UFUK , CU AL , TAYMAN C
Published: June 2022

Aim: Twins may have additional clinical problems compared to singletons, but there is insufficient information about whether preterm twins (especially those born before 32 weeks of gestation) are at greater risk than singletons. This study aimed to compare morbidity and mortality in twins and singletons born before 32 weeks of gestation.
Materials and Methods: Infants with a gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks who were followed in our unit between July 2019 and December 2020 were examined retrospectively. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the infants were recorded and compared between twins and singletons.
Results: A total of 770 preterm infants were included in the study, 584 singletons and 186 twins. The singleton group had higher rates of maternal hypertension and small for GA status, while the rate of cesarean delivery was higher in the twins group (p<0.05). Other demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes were similar in the singleton and twin groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Preterm morbidity and mortality were similar in the twin and singleton groups in this study. This can be attributed to the similar GA and birth weight (BW) in both groups. Therefore, our results suggest that the main determinants of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants are GA and BW rather than twin pregnancy.
Twitter Chats as a Research Tool: A Study of Young Adult Financial Decisions
Authors: O’Neill Barbara , Xu Yilan , Johnson Carrie L. , Kiss Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

Many researchers collect online survey data because it is cost-effective and less time-consuming than traditional research methods. This paper describes Twitter chats as a research tool vis-à-vis two other online research methods: providing links to electronic surveys to respondents and use of commercially available survey panels through vendors with readily available respondents. Similar to a face-to-face focus group, Twitter chats provide a synchronous environment for participants to answer a structured series of questions and to respond to both the chat facilitator and each other. This paper also reports representative responses from a Twitter chat that explored financial decisions of young adults. The chat was sponsored by a multi-state group of land-grant university researchers, in cooperation with WiseBread, a personal finance website targeted to millennials, to recruit respondents for a more extensive month-long online survey about the financial decisions of young adults. The Twitter chat responses suggest that student loans were the top concern of participants, and debt and housing rounded out the top three concerns. The internet, both websites and social media, was the most frequently cited source of financial information. The article concludes with a discussion of lessons learned from the Twitter chat experience and suggestions for professional practice.