bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Police Brutality, Over-Policing, and Mass Incarceration in African American Film
Authors: Westerbeck Ryan
Published: December 2019

This article seeks to examine the role of the police in African American film. Looking at the last three decades of filmmaking, five films stand out as important examples for this study: Do the Right Thing, Boyz n the Hood, Set it Off, Training Day, and Get Out. These films are both consistent in the message regarding the police and African American communities, and are separated by time to demonstrate the distinct differences in how that message has been shown. An examination of the real-world relationship between the two groups is also studied, to better understand the accuracy of the films. The gendering of film and police brutality is a further discussion within the article in regard to the lack of female African American directors in Hollywood and the less frequently discussed police violence against African American women. These issues are addressed through a combination of film analysis and secondary source data on the police interaction and brutality in the African American community.
A Day in the Life: A Daily Diary Examination of Marijuana Motives and Protective Behavioral Strategies Among College Student Marijuana Users
Authors: Pearson Matthew R. , Bravo Adrian J. , Conner Bradley T. , Parnes Jamie E.
Published: December 2019

This study examined marijuana-use motives and protective behavioral strategies (PBS) as within- and between-subject predictors of marijuana-related outcomes. Furthermore, we explored differences between a specific marijuana-related event (i.e., 4/20) compared with typical weekend/weekday use. Forty-three college student marijuana users (31 females) completed daily surveys for 12 days (April 15–April 26, 2016). Four motives (coping, conformity, enhancement, and social) were associated with more negative consequences within-subjects. Enhancement and conformity motives were also associated with a higher number of use sessions, and expansion motives were associated with higher subjective high. Marijuana PBS use (total score) was associated with fewer sessions and lower subjective high within-subjects. Social motives were higher, whereas PBS use and coping motives were lower on 4/20 compared with other days. Our findings support PBS and certain use motives as promising intervention targets for college student marijuana users.
Exploring the Connection between Job Satisfaction and Different Forms of Organizational Commitment among Police
Authors: Nalla Mahesh K. , Akhtar Sheeraz , Lambert Eric G.
Published: December 2019

Police operate around the world. Police organizations are tasked with a wide variety of duties, and successful police organizations need committed officers. The three main forms of organizational commitment are affective, normative, and continuance commitment. This study examined the relationship of overall job satisfaction and facet job satisfaction (transfers, pay, promotions, and supervision) on affective, normative, and continuance commitment among 550 officers working in the operations and investigation wings of the Lahore Police Stations in Punjab, Pakistan. Based on multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) regression results, overall job satisfaction and facet satisfaction with transfers, pay, and supervision had significant positive effects on affective and normative commitment and negative associations with continuance commitment. Satisfaction with promotions, however, had a negative relationship with affective and normative commitment and a positive association with continuance commitment.
Peopling Europe through Data Practices: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Cakici Baki , Ruppert Evelyn , Scheel Stephan
Published: December 2019

Politically, Europe has been unable to address itself to a constituted polity and people as more than an agglomeration of nation-states. From the resurgence of nationalisms to the crisis of the single currency and the unprecedented decision of a member state to leave the European Union (EU), core questions about the future of Europe have been rearticulated: Who are the people of Europe? Is there a European identity? What does it mean to say, “I am European?” Where does Europe begin and end? and Who can legitimately claim to be a part of a “European” people? The special issue (SI) seeks to contest dominant framings of the question “Who are the people of Europe?” as only a matter of government policies, electoral campaigns, or parliamentary debates. Instead, the contributions start from the assumption that answers to this question exist in data practices where people are addressed, framed, known, and governed as European. The central argument of this SI is that it is through data practices that the EU seeks to simultaneously constitute its population as a knowable, governable entity, and as a distinct form of peoplehood where common personhood is more important than differences.
Researching media participation by listening to people with disability
Authors: Stewart Kim , Spurgeon Christina
Published: December 2019

A significant body of literature examines the under-representation of people with disability in the media. In news and fictional portrayals, people with disability are often defined by disability first, their personhood second, perpetuating stereotypes of people with disability as different. Activists attempt to change how media portray people with disability. Less well-considered are the challenges of media participation. This article argues that the presence of people with disability in the spaces that comprise media institutions is also a necessary condition for social change, not just improved representation and participation. However, even in Australian community broadcasting, a sector founded in a normative policy commitment to democratising media participation, people with disability encounter a range of barriers to accessing the resources and spaces of community broadcasting. The Australian case study reported here supports broad consideration of how listening to the views of community broadcasting participants with disability contributes to improving their media presence.
Modified two-tension-band for patellar fractures
Authors: Zhang Chong , Zhao Yong , Deng Kai
Published: December 2019

Objective

To compare a modified two-tension-band (MTTB) technique with the AO tension band in treating patellar fractures.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients treated with AO tension band (group 1) or MTTB (group 2). Data obtained during serial follow-up evaluations of time to bony union, range of motion (ROM), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score and complication rates, were analysed.

Results

Fractures healed in all 51 patients included in the study (group 1, n = 28; group 2, n = 23), with no statistically significant between-group difference in time to bony union. Regarding function results, group 2 had better HSS scores at 3 and 6 months postoperatively; however, at 1 year postoperatively, both groups had similar HSS scores and achieved acceptable flexion and ROM. The overall complication rate was significantly lower in group 2, but average costs were higher in group 2 versus group 1.

Conclusion

MTTB provides secure fixation and improved knee function at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, and has a lower complication rate with early mobilization, compared with the AO tension-band technique.
Anaesthetic management in endovascular total aortic arch repair via needle-based in situ fenestration: a case series of 14 patients
Authors: Wang Kui-Rong , Gao Min , Wen Xiao-Hong , Kong Hai-Ying
Published: December 2019

Objective

Endovascular total aortic arch repair (ETAAR) via needle-based in situ fenestration (ISF) is a major challenge for anaesthesiologists because of haemodynamic instability and the risk of cerebral hypoxia. We herein summarise our experience with anaesthetic management of patients who underwent this procedure.

Methods

Fourteen patients who underwent ETAAR via ISF for arch pathologies involving the major supra-arch branches were included. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation was measured to monitor cerebral perfusion. Partial extracorporeal circulation (EC) support from the right common femoral vein to the right axillary artery was introduced to provide cerebral perfusion.

Results

During ISF, vessel rupture occurred in three patients and ventricular fibrillation occurred in one patient. The regional cerebral oxygen saturation significantly decreased during the potential risk period for cerebral ischaemia. Establishment of EC effectively prevented cerebral ischaemia.

Conclusions

During ETAAR, the risks of haemodynamic instability caused by the procedure and vessel rupture during ISF need to be overcome. Partial EC ensured good cerebral protection in our study, and regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring may help to reduce the rate of desaturation.
Patterns of renal pathology in Chinese patients with systemic sclerosis undergoing renal biopsy at a tertiary medical center
Authors: Cao Xiao-yu , Liu He , Xu Dong , Li Meng-tao , Wang Qian , Jiang Li , Hou Yong , Zhu Li-xiu , Zeng Xiao-feng
Published: December 2019

Objective

We investigated renal injury characteristics in Chinese patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) who had undergone renal biopsy.

Methods

We searched the medical records of patients with SSc who were hospitalized at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1990 and August 2019. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and pathological results of these patients.

Results

We identified 25 patients who had undergone renal biopsy. Of these patients, 10 had scleroderma renal crisis (SRC); one underwent renal biopsy twice (for diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and for SRC); two had antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis; one had immunoglobulin M nephropathy; one had minimal change nephropathy; seven had lupus nephritis; one had scleroderma renal crisis with comorbid lupus nephritis; and two had drug-related kidney injury (caused by aristolochic acid in one and D-penicillamine in the other). Acute tubular necrosis was observed in the patient taking oral aristolochic acid, while minimal change nephropathy was observed in the patient with D-penicillamine-induced renal injury.

Conclusions

SRC was the most commonly encountered renal damage in patients with SSc. We recommend biopsy for patients undergoing treatment for SRC who have persistent renal injury with proteinuria, regardless of hematuria. Rheumatologists in Eastern countries should be aware of aristolochic acid nephropathy.
A multifunctional coaxial fiber membrane loaded with dual drugs for guided tissue regeneration
Authors: He Ping , Li Yanyi , Huang Zhiqiang , Guo Zhen-Zhao , Luo Binghong , Zhou Chang-Ren , Li Hong
Published: December 2019

Guided tissue regeneration is a standard surgical treatment for periodontal regeneration. For the purpose of producing a novel guided tissue regeneration membrane with antibacterial activity and osteogenesis, coaxial electrospinning was utilized to manufacture core/shell structure fiber mats. Polyvinylpyrrolidone loaded with naringin was worked as the core of the fiber to enrich osteogenesis and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)–Poly-l-lactic acid–Poly-dl-lactic acid loaded with metronidazole was designed as the shell of the fiber to prevent or treat infections caused by bacteria. The loaded metronidazole with an initial short-term release and the loaded naringin with a long-term sustainable release allowed the membranes with multifunction of antibacterial activity and boosting the proliferation of osteoblast with improved osteogenesis, respectively. The fibrous membrane also shielded osteoblast and fibroblasts from ingrowth. The study provided a simple coaxial electrospinning crafts for fabricating multifunctional guided tissue regeneration membranes. A graphical abstract is available online as a supplementary material.
They Came, But Will They Come Back? An Observational Study of Re-Enrollment Predictors for the Oklahoma Tobacco Helpline
Authors: Beebe Laura A. , Boeckman Lindsay M. , Klein Paola G. , Saul Jessie E. , Gillaspy Stephen R.
Published: December 2019

Purpose:

Although quitlines reach 1% to 2% of tobacco users annually, additional efforts are needed to increase their impact. We hypothesized that offering less intensive services would increase the rate of re-enrollment in any service, as well as re-enrollment in more intensive services. This study describes the enrollment patterns and identifies re-enrollment predictors for Oklahoma Tobacco Helpline (OTH) participants.

Design:

This study used a comparative observational design.

Setting:

The setting for this study was the OTH, a telephone-based cessation program funded by the Oklahoma Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust. The OTH participants could select either a multicall telephone-based cessation program (MC) or one or more individual services (IS), including a 2-week nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) starter kit, e-mail or text-based support, and a printed quit guide.

Participants:

A total of 35 648 first-time adult OTH participants eligible for the multicall program from October 2015 through September 2018 were included.

Measures:

Demographic and tobacco use variables and initial quitline service selection were collected at intake. Additional service utilization was tracked for 6 months following initial registration.

Analysis:

Pearson chi-square and t tests were used to test for significant differences between groups. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine predictors of re-enrollment.

Results:

Individual services were more frequently selected (n = 17 266) than MC (n = 14 326), despite all users being eligible for MC. A much higher proportion of IS registrants re-enrolled than MC registrants (16% vs 3%, P < .0001) Among the IS cohort, those who received an NRT follow-up call were 14.7 times more likely to re-enroll in IS, and 7.8 times more likely to re-enroll in MC, than those who were not reached by phone.

Conclusions:

Access to free NRT without a telephone-coaching requirement is a draw for tobacco users, especially those with lower income and the uninsured. The results suggest the value of increasing use of nonphone services in an effort to increase interest in quitting and reach.
From snapshots to complex continuity: Making sense of the multifaceted concept of child well-being
Authors: Casas Ferran , Frønes Ivar
Published: December 2019

Understanding children’s well-being entails relating the multifaceted perspective of well-being to the characteristics of modern childhood. The article identifies four basic perspectives in research on child well-being: objective, subjective, developmental and eudemonic well-being. While studies often focus well-being as a state, children are passing through multiple domains during childhood, domains changing faster than ever before, underlining the need to study child well-being as a complex continuity. As research on child well-being is being transformed into policies, there is a need for a deeper understanding of its dynamics and dimensions.
A novel specific four-axis linkage method for processing the hourglass worm
Authors: Qiu Xinyang , Zhang Yanqin , Zhou Qiwu , Zheng Fangyan
Published: December 2019

To improve the flexibility of hourglass worm processing equipment, a specific four-axis linkage method for processing hourglass worm, which is called CZXB method, is presented in the paper. Based on the forming principle of the hourglass worm, machining principle and the traditional processing method were elaborated in detail. And then, the CZXB method that aims to apply four feed-movements linkage to simulate the conjugated rotary motions between the worm and its worm gear was proposed. According to the basic theory of rigid body kinematics, the scientific and feasibility of the CZXB method were demonstrated. Based on the computer numerical control machining simulation system, VERICUT, a virtual model of the machine tool with CZXB function, was established. A multi-thread hourglass worm was taken as an example to simulation processing by the CZXB method. Trial manufacturing was performed: tooth grooves of the hourglass worm were cut out by the traditional method, and tooth surfaces of the hourglass worm were finishing machined by the CZXB method. The result shows that machining center distance of the CZXB method is less than center distance of the worm gear pairs. Implementing the CZXB method can significantly enhance the flexibility of machining equipment of the hourglass worm.
Machine capability sigma level evaluation and allocation method
Authors: Zhang Sheng-yong , Zhang Gen-bao , Ran Yan , Murphy Adrian
Published: December 2019

The concept of process capability has been widely used in production management and quality control. However, applying traditional process capability evaluation method to machine capability cannot eliminate the influence of other process factors other than machine. To solve the problem, we propose the sigma machine capability evaluation method in this paper. First, multivariate statistical analysis methods are used to analyze the influence of all factors. Second, we deleted the non-normal data through sample fitting. Then, on the basis of normal distribution, we used the sample variance as the evaluation index to calculate the sigma levels of single characteristic and multiple characteristic parts. Last, we applied the sigma evaluation method and the traditional one to conduct a case study and compare their results, which proves the feasibility and superiority of the sigma level evaluation method.
Simultaneous estimation of state and unknown road roughness input for vehicle suspension control system based on discrete Kalman filter
Authors: Kim Gi-Woo , Kang Sun-Woo , Kim Jung-Sik , Oh Jong-Seok
Published: December 2019

This study presents an improved discrete Kalman filter for simultaneously estimating both all state variables and the unknown road roughness input for a vehicle suspension control system that plays a key role in the ride quality and handling performance while driving the vehicle. The suspension system is influenced by the road roughness input, which causes undesirable vibrations associated with vehicle instability. It is therefore important to estimate the road roughness and state variables information when designing the model-based controller for the vehicle suspension control system associated with the vehicle’s vertical dynamics. However, the implementation of conventional estimation theories for the suspension control system is challenging because the road roughness acts as an unknown input and is difficult to be measured or estimated while driving. This study presents an improved Kalman filter with unknown input, which can simultaneously estimate the state variables and road roughness without any prior information about the vehicle suspension control system. The proposed road roughness input estimator is evaluated by using an in-vehicle test bed with a laser-type profilometer. Finally, the state estimation performance of the proposed estimator for a vehicle suspension control system is validated by using CarSim software.
Finite element analysis of the thermal interaction of continuously welded rails with simply supported bridges considering nonlinear stiffness
Authors: Lou Ping , Wang Qiang , Au FTK , Cheng Yi-Wei , Yan Bin , Xu Qing-Yuan
Published: December 2019

The thermal interaction of continuously welded rails with railway bridges has attracted the wide attention of researchers. In this paper, the model of a continuously welded rail and a bridge with longitudinal nonlinear stiffness has been considered. The detailed mechanics equation of the rail on the bridge and the embankment with longitudinal nonlinear stiffness has been presented using the finite element analysis. The validity of the presented model and the compiled program is illustrated. The influences of nonlinear stiffness, span number of the bridge, constant longitudinal restoring force, bridge bearing arrangement, and the span length of the bridge on the additional longitudinal stress and displacement of rails are investigated for multispan simply supported bridges. The results show that (1) the responses of rails for the nonlinear stiffness are less than those for the linear stiffness; (2) when the bridge span reaches a certain number, the maximum additional longitudinal stress and the displacement of the rail tend to be constant; (3) with the increase of the value of the constant longitudinal restoring stress, the maximum additional longitudinal stress and the displacement of the rail increase; (4) the maximum additional longitudinal stress of the rail on multispan simply supported bridges can be reduced by using alternate bearings on one pier; and (5) the maximum additional longitudinal stress and displacement of the rail increase with the increase of the span length of the bridge.
The quantitative characterization of the ignition process for a lean staged injector: Influence of the air split between pilot swirlers
Authors: Yang Jinhu , Liu Cunxi , Liu Fuqiang , Mu Yong , Xu Gang
Published: December 2019

The ignition of a lean staged injector aimed at aeronautical application is a transient and complex phenomenon, which involves fluid dynamics, turbulent mixing, chemical kinetics, as well as their mutual interactions. In the present research, a staged injector, designed based on stratified partially premixed combustion concept, is introduced. The ignition performance of stratified partially premixed injectors with different air split ratios between pilot swirlers are experimentally acquired, which exhibits apparent distinctions. In order to make quantitative analyses, the classical physical ignition model is improved, in which the flame propagation process is further divided into the axial and radial propagation sub-processes. Nonreacting flow field and discrete phase simulations, validated by experiment results, are utilized to obtain the velocity and spray distributions. Physical parameters characterizing the ignition sub-processes are defined and calculated based on the numerical simulation results. Conclusions are made by comparing the physical parameters of the ignition sub-processes. The radial propagation of the ignition kernel is responsible for the ignition performance difference between the two injectors with different pilot air split ratios (PASR) in that the average equivalence ratio along the radial propagation route of PASR = 7:3 is one order richer than that of PASR = 2:8. The present ignition analysis and model can be further extended and developed for the optimization of ignition performance of lean staged injector.
Use of ultrabrief pulse width electroconvulsive therapy to induce therapeutic seizures in an elderly patient with a high seizure threshold: a case report
Authors: Plevin David , Waite Susan
Published: December 2019

Objective:

This case report describes a 73-year-old man suffering from unipolar major depression with melancholic features, in whom treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) proved difficult due to inadequate seizure generation.

Methods:

A number of augmentation strategies were trialled in an attempt to improve seizure quality. Pre-ECT and Post-ECT measurement of symptoms, quality of life and cognition were undertaken with a variety of validated scales.

Results:

The single most efficacious strategy to elicit therapeutic seizures was the use of right unilateral (RUL) electrode placement with an ultrabrief pulse width. The patient subsequently had a resolution of his depressive illness, with a concomitant improvement in cognitive functioning.

Conclusion:

This case demonstrates that a number of ECT augmentation strategies can be used in routine clinical practice for patients with high seizure thresholds. It highlights that UB pulse width may be considered earlier in the treatment course for patients in whom conventional brief pulse ECT fails to generate effective seizures.
Dissecting Disorder Perceptions: Neighborhood Structure and the Moderating Role of Interethnic Contact and Xenophobic Attitudes
Authors: Janssen Heleen J. , Oberwittler Dietrich , Gerstner Dominik
Published: December 2019

Although urban disorder has played a central role in neighborhood research, its impact may have been overstated in studies relying on the subjective perception of survey respondents only. Research on the “perception bias”—defined as the divergence between respondents’ subjective assessments and systematic observations of disorder—has revealed the ambiguous nature of disorder and opened a door to the analysis of the social construction of this environmental cognition. Using survey and observational data from 140 small neighborhoods in two German cities, we advance this research by focusing on the moderating role of residents’ interethnic contacts and attitudes. The results show that the effects of neighborhood minority concentration on the perception bias are conditional on the residents’ interethnic contacts and xenophobic attitudes. These findings highlight the subjectivity of disorder perceptions and caution against a naive understanding of Broken Windows theory.
The Association of Dyadic Symptom Appraisal With Physical and Mental Health Over Time in Care Dyads Living With Lung Cancer
Authors: Lyons Karen S. , Lee Christopher S.
Published: December 2019

The study examined the association between changes in dyadic symptom appraisal with changes in physical and mental health of 109 family care dyads living with lung cancer over 12 months. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze both aggregate and time-varying associations of dyadic symptom appraisal with dyadic health. Patients had significantly worse physical health compared with their care partner; care partners had significantly worse mental health compared with patients. In general, greater incongruent symptom appraisals were significantly associated with worse physical health for both patients and care partners. Importantly, increases in magnitude of incongruence regarding the patient’s pain interference were significantly associated with declines in patient physical health over time. Direction of the incongruence was associated with mental health. Findings highlight the need for both a longitudinal and dyadic perspective of symptom appraisal to move toward theoretically driven interventions that will optimize the health of both patients and their care partners.
Teaching Systems Thinking for Advanced Family Nursing Practice: A Theory-Based Tool
Authors: Looman Wendy S.
Published: December 2019

Systems thinking is essential for advanced family nursing practice, yet this skill is complex and not innate. The Family Nursing Assessment and Intervention Map (FN-AIM) was developed to support student development of systems thinking competencies for Family Systems Nursing practice (see Marigold Family Case Study). The FN-AIM is a pedagogical tool grounded in a family systems framework for nursing with a focus on core family processes as a foundation for interventions. The FN-AIM was implemented as an educational tool to support student skill development as part of a graduate family nursing course in the United States. Through a self-assessment of competence in family nursing practice, 30 students demonstrated an enhanced ability to articulate the distinction between family as context and family as system approaches to family nursing after using the FN-AIM mapping approach. The FN-AIM may be a useful strategy for supporting systems thinking in preparation for clinical skills development in graduate nursing students.
Bemiparin as a Prophylaxis After an Unexplained Stillbirth: Open-Label Interventional Prospective Study
Authors: Jawad Ariana Khalis , Alalaf Shahla Kareem , Ali Mahabad Salih , Bawadikji AbdulKader Ahmad
Published: December 2019

Stillbirth is a devastating event to the parents, relatives, friends, and families. The role of anticoagulants in the prevention of unexplained stillbirths is uncertain. An open-label interventional prospective cohort study was conducted on 144 women with a history of unexplained stillbirths. The intervention group had a high umbilical artery resistance index (RI) and received bemiparin. The nonintervention group had a normal RI and did not receive any intervention. We measured the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the main outcome for these variables using logistic regression analysis. Fresh stillbirth and early neonatal death rates were lower ( P = .005, OR = 11.949 and 95% CI = 2.099-68.014) and newborn weight was higher ( P = .015, OR = 0.048, 95% CI = 0.004-0.549) in the group that received bemiparin. Bemiparin is effective in decreasing the rate of stillbirth in women with a history of previous unexplained stillbirths.
Bifurcation phenomenon and multi-stable behavior in vortex-induced vibration of top tension riser in shear flow
Authors: Wang Yuancen , Wu Zhiqiang , Zhang Guoqi , Li Yajie , Wang Feng
Published: December 2019

Top tension riser is one of the most frequently used and vulnerable equipment in deep-sea petroleum engineering. With experiments and CFD simulations, researchers have found some hysteresis phenomenon and bistable behavior in vortex-induced vibration of the cylinders. However, there is still insufficient research on the bifurcation phenomenon and the multi-stable behavior of the riser vortex-induced vibration. In this study, based on the Van der Pol wake oscillator model, the vortex-induced vibration cross-flow governing equations of the riser fluid structure–coupled system in linear shear flow are established. Then the simplified multi-degrees-of-freedom model with 15-order modes is derived by the Galerkin method. Poincare map is utilized to obtain bifurcation diagram and identify the dynamic property of the top tension riser in a wide flow velocity range. Nonlinear dynamic behavior such as bistable behavior and even tristable behavior are discovered from the bifurcation diagram. Combined with the riser coupled system’s eigen analysis and the three-dimensional spectrum contour, it is found that there are various phenomena of mode interaction in the riser system, including 1:3 internal resonance phenomenon. Such study can provide reference and guide the design and optimization of riser structural parameters.
Static and dynamic characterization of micro-electro-mechanical system repulsive force actuators
Authors: Zamanzadeh Mohammadreza , Azizi Saber
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the static and dynamic response characterization of an electrostatic micro-electro-mechanical system mirror driven by repulsive force. The experimental analysis of the static response in different seasons of the year indicates that the capillary force caused by the thin layer of water underneath the mirror is the dominant factor for variation in the lifting threshold of the applied voltage. Dynamic characterization of the mirror reveals a large natural frequency of 2.6 kHz at the increasing rate of 8 Hz/V, indicating a four-fold increase compared to a previous design. This high natural frequency with an almost linear increase is desired for fast speed scanners and interferometers with high tunability benefited from the simplified signal processing circuit. Since the amplitude of the repulsive force micro-structure is no longer restricted to any geometrical limitation, the non-dimensionalizing parameters are chosen so that the nonlinear terms are small enough in order that the perturbation method is applicable in the vicinity of both primary and principal parametric resonances. The analytical analysis shows the way for inserting a bookkeeping parameter in a simple manner based on the evaluation of the magnitude of order in which the pre-assumed value is further validated by experimental results. The results of our investigations can be used to analytically evaluate the static and dynamic behavior of the system and have important applications in the design of various devices such as filters, interferometers, and switches.
He is a Stud, She is a Slut! A Meta-Analysis on the Continued Existence of Sexual Double Standards
Authors: Endendijk Joyce J. , van Baar Anneloes L. , Deković Maja
Published: December 2019

(Hetero)sexual double standards (SDS) entail that different sexual behaviors are appropriate for men and women. This meta-analysis ( k = 99; N = 123,343) tested predictions of evolutionary and biosocial theories regarding the existence of SDS in social cognitions. Databases were searched for studies examining attitudes or stereotypes regarding the sexual behaviors of men versus women. Studies assessing differences in evaluations, or expectations, of men’s and women’s sexual behavior yielded evidence for traditional SDS ( d = 0.25). For men, frequent sexual activity was more expected, and evaluated more positively, than for women. Studies using Likert-type-scale questionnaires did not yield evidence of SDS (combined M = −0.09). Effects were moderated by level of gender equality in the country in which the study was conducted, SDS-operationalization (attitudes vs. stereotypes), questionnaire type, and sexual behavior type. Results are consistent with a hybrid model incorporating both evolutionary and sociocultural factors contributing to SDS.
Antecedents and an Outcome of Customer Engagement With Hotel Brand Community on Facebook
Authors: Touni Reham , Kim Woo Gon , Choi Hyung-Min , Ali Mohamed Ahmed
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine customer–brand experience and customer involvement as two drivers of customer engagement (CE) and investigate brand relationship quality as a major outcome of CE with a hotel’s Facebook brand community. It is essential for hotel marketers to understand more about how to engage customers with brand communities embedded in Facebook, to understand what the antecedents of such engagements are, and to recognize what outcomes they can gain from engaged customers. This article adopts structural equation modeling and analyzes data collected from a sample of 347 Facebook users who are hotel customers. The results of the empirical research confirm the significant effect of the two antecedents on CE and the role of engaging customers in building customer–brand relationships. Furthermore, CE with hotel brand communities embedded in Facebook has a mediating effect on the path from customer–brand experience to brand relationship quality.
Latrine Structure, Design, and Conditions, and the Practice of Open Defecation in Lodwar Town, Turkana County, Kenya: A Quantitative Methods Research
Authors: Busienei PJ , Ogendi GM , Mokua MA
Published: December 2019

Background:

Poor latrine conditions, structure, and design may deter latrine use and provoke reversion to open defecation (OD). Statistics show that only 18% of the households in Turkana County, Kenya, have access to a latrine facility with most of these facilities in poor structural designs and poor hygienic conditions, which encourages rampant OD practices.

Aim:

This article reports on quantitative aspects of a larger cross-sectional survey to assess latrine structure, design, and conditions, and the practice of OD in Lodwar.

Methods:

An observational study was carried out to examine latrine conditions, structure, and design in Lodwar, Kenya. A standardized questionnaire was also used to collect quantitative data. Stratified random sampling technique was employed to select respondents for this study with the sample drawn from 4 administrative units of Lodwar town covering the low-, medium-, and high-income households. Data were managed using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) software.

Results:

Nineteen percent of the sampled households did not possess a latrine facility at their homesteads with 73% of the latrines constructed using poor materials (mud, mats, polythene bags, and grass). Twenty percent of the respondents were scared of using a latrine with the main reason being loose soils that do not support strong constructions. Eighty-seven percent of the respondents agreed that the presence of feces on the latrine floor encouraged the practice of OD and 321 (80%) respondents stated that the latrine construction materials influenced latrine ownership and its subsequent use.

Conclusions:

Respondents attributed rampant OD practices to poor latrine structure, design, and conditions. In addition, rampant cases of latrine sharing result in latrine filthiness, which eventually encourages OD practice. Inequality in sanitation, among counties, should be addressed in Kenya. The government should take charge of provision of good-quality communal latrines to the less-privileged societies like Turkana. Community empowerment and introduction of a small fee for cleaning and maintenance of these facilities will also improve their conditions. Ending the practice of OD will lead to increased positive public health and environmental outcomes in the study area
Socioeconomic Predictors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Under-Five Children in Rural Dembiya, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gizaw Zemichael , Addisu Ayenew , Gebrehiwot Mulat
Published: December 2019

Background:

Soil-transmitted helminths and protozoan parasitic infections are endemic throughout the world. The problem of intestinal parasitic infection is higher among developing countries where children are the most vulnerable groups. Although health information related to parasitic infections is available globally, it is often limited in rural setups in least developed countries. This study was, therefore, conducted to assess socioeconomic predictors of intestinal parasitic infections among under-five children in rural Dembiya, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 randomly selected households with under-five children. We used questionnaire to collect data and direct stool examination to identify intestinal parasitic infections. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P < .05 was used to identify socioeconomic predictors of parasitic infections.

Results:

We found that 25.4% (95% CI = [20.2, 31.1]) under-five children had intestinal parasitic infection. Ascaris lumbricoides was the leading infection, which accounted 44 of 224 (19.6%). The prevalence of childhood intestinal parasitic infections was higher among households with no members whose education level is secondary and above (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI = [1.23, 9.17]). Similarly, intestinal parasitic infections were statistically associated with presence of 2 under-five children in a household (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI = [1.29, 9.82]), absence of frequent health supervision (AOR = 3.49, 95% CI = [1.72, 7.09]), larger family size (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI = [1.09, 4.85]), and poor household economic status (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI = [1.23, 5.41]).

Conclusions:

Significant proportion of children was infected with intestinal parasitic infection in rural Dembiya. Educational status of family members, number of under-five children in a household, health supervision, family size, and wealth index were statistically associated with parasitic infections. Provision of anthelmintic drugs, health supervision, and health education targeted with transmission and prevention of infections are recommended.
How Do Experts and Nonexperts Want to Promote Vaccines? Hepatitis E Vaccine as Example
Authors: Ren Hong , Wagner Abram L , Xie Jia-Yu , Chen Kai-Yun , Lu Yi-Han , Zheng Xu-Bin , Huang Tao , Boulton Matthew L , Chen Xiang-Xiang
Published: December 2019

Low- and middle-income countries receive limited guidance from external entities about how to introduce vaccines. This is especially true for the Hepatitis E (HepE) vaccine, which is currently only commercially available in China. The aims of this qualitative study are to identify which attributes of the HepE disease and vaccine are considered important, and to compare desired promotion methods between different stakeholders. Stakeholders included experts (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff, health care providers, and researchers), and nonexperts included members of high-risk populations, HepE cases, and vaccinees. Participants’ thoughts were coded and broadly summarized. We contacted 63 persons—35 experts and 28 nonexperts. Safety and effectiveness (but not price) of the vaccine, along with severity of disease and transmission route of infection, were all listed as important attributes. Emphasizing the importance of sharing stories from cases, relying on personal experiences, staying away from statistical explanations, and using the government as a source of promotion were other points repeatedly raised by the participants. Qualitative interviews with experts and nonexperts has revealed that focusing on attributes of disease severity and susceptibility to infection, as well as vaccine safety and effectiveness within stories of cases, are preferred ways to promote the vaccine.
Exploring the interdependency and determinants of tourism participation, expenditure, and duration: An analysis of Taiwanese citizens traveling abroad
Authors: Yang Chih-Wen , Wu Cheng-Lung (Richard) , Lu Jin-Long
Published: December 2019

This study proposes a novel framework to investigate the interdependence and determinants of tourism participation, expenditure, and duration related to tourism behavior. A discrete–continuous model was constructed to jointly estimate the participation and expenditure decisions. Then, a structural equation model was used to explore the corresponding influential determinants of tourism expenditure and trip duration. An empirical study was conducted using historical travel data collected from Taiwanese citizens traveling abroad. Results revealed a significant relationship between participation and expenditure as well as between expenditure and duration. Furthermore, package and frequent travelers were willing to spend more on trips of shorter duration, but individual and independent travelers were more cost-conscious and travel for longer periods. Overall, time constraints were found to take priority over personal income when making tourism decisions. These findings help travel agents and policymakers to better understand travelers’ needs and develop tourism policies.
The practice of balancing in clinical ethics case consultation
Authors: McDougall Rosalind , Shadbolt Cade , Gillam Lynn
Published: December 2019

Models for clinical ethics case consultation often make reference to ‘balancing’ or ‘weighing’ moral considerations, without further detail. In this paper, we investigate balancing in clinical ethics case consultation. We suggest that, while clinical ethics services cannot resolve ongoing deep philosophical debates about the nature of ethical reasoning, clinical ethicists can and should be more systematic and transparent when balancing considerations in case consultations. We conceptualise balancing on a spectrum from intuitive to deliberative, and argue that good balancing in case consultation involves articulating reasons for giving something more or less weight. We develop a framework of four practical strategies for better balancing in clinical ethics case consultation: intuitions as a launchpad, drilling down, pairwise comparison and group deliberation.
Development of a continuous professional development training module based on multicultural counselling competency for professional counsellors in Malaysia
Authors: Aga Mohd Jaladin Rafidah , Amit Noh , Anuar Azad Athahiri , Fernandez Janet Ann , Salleh Sakinah , Rais Haniza , Lim Haslee Sharil
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to develop a continuous professional development training module based on multicultural counselling competency for professional counsellors in Malaysia. The research methodology comprised three phases: (i) training need assessment using survey method, (ii) module design and development and (iii) module evaluation using an experimental design. First, the Multicultural Counselling Competency Survey-Malaysian Counsellor Edition questionnaire was used to collect data from 116 professional counsellors from various work settings. The results clearly indicated the need for continuous professional development training to enhance counsellors’ multicultural counselling competency. The development of the training module adopted Sidek’s model, a Malaysian-based framework for module development. The developed training module was then evaluated for its effectiveness through analysing its content validity and reliability. Results revealed that the training module scored high content validity value of 77.2% (0.77) and satisfactory reliability level (alpha Cronbach’s coefficient value of 0.75). The overall findings of the present research imply that the continuous professional development training module is necessary for enhancing multicultural counselling competency of Malaysian professional counsellors.
Design is real, complex, inclusive, emergent and evil
Authors: Karakiewicz Justyna
Published: December 2019

Can computers make our designs more intelligent and better informed? This is the implication of the theme of the special issue. Architectural design is often thought of as the design of the object, and design models of architecture seek to explicate this process. As an architect, however, I cannot subscribe to that view. In this particular article, I will explore how computational approaches have illuminated and expanded my work to enable the interaction of these themes across scores of projects. Underpinning the projects are foundational concepts: design is real, complex, inclusive, emergent and evil. Design is grounded in reality and facts, that we can derive design outcomes from a deep and unblemished understanding of the world around us. It is not a stylistic escape. Reality is complex. Architectural design has sought to simplify. This was inescapable when projects are so large yet need to be communicated succinctly. ‘Less is more’ justified this approach. In town planning, this is evident in the tool of zoning. Parse the problem and then address each piece. What we do is part of a larger effort. The field of architecture seeks distinction. Design theories want to distinguish and elevate architecture. But if design is complex and it is real, then it is tied to messy realism. Designing has to become accessible to other realms of knowledge. Designing is the seeking of opportunity. For many, design is simply finding the answer – think of Herbert Simon’s statement that design is problem solving. Design reveals opportunities, and these emergent conditions are to be grasped. As designers, our decisions have implications. We know now that what we build has future implications in ways that are profound. When we define design as problem solving, we ignore the truth that design is problem making.
Efficacy of Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (Regen-D 150) in Healing Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Hospital-Based Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Viswanathan Vijay , Juttada Udyama , Babu Mary
Published: December 2019

To validate the efficacy of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (hEGH) in healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) at biochemical and molecular levels. A total of 50 noninfected DFU subjects were recruited for the study and divided into 2 groups based on the treatment application on the subjects. Group 1: DFU subjects treated with hEGH gel-based product called Regen-D 150 (n = 27) and group 2: DFU subjects treated with alternative placebo as the control group (n = 23). Patients were observed for 30 days and punch biopsy was taken at days 0 and 14. Histologic analysis was done to study the matrix alignment, cellular infiltration, and differentiation of epithelial layers. Biochemical analysis was done to quantitatively estimate the amount of collagen and proteoglycans regenerated in the wound area. Complete healing of ulcers was observed in 21 (78%) subjects in group 1, whereas only 12 (52%) subjects among group 2 reported of complete healing of ulcer after completion of the study period of 30 days. Collagen and fibroblasts were significantly developed in group 1 when observed in the follow-up samples. Healing time of the wound among the group 1 subjects was significantly less than the group 2 subjects (45 ± 12 vs 72 ± 18 days, P < .0001) and even showed a better blood glucose level. Early and regular application of the hEGH on DFUs will lead to prevention of leg amputations and would serve to act as a major treatment therapy for healing of chronic wounds.