bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Static numerical simulation of radial deformation of ultra-thin dicing blade
Authors: Zhang Chengxiang , Zou Qin , Li Yanguo , Lv Junyi , Li Kenan
Published: February 2023

Grinding with dicing blade is an important method to cut or slot electronic and optical devices. The deformation of grinding tools will definitely affect the processing of workpiece. However, this effect has been disregarded during processing. In order to improve the machining accuracy in the precision grinding method, this deformation is worth considering. In this research, the grinding state of the ultra-thin dicing blade was simplified as a static problem. The force model of the ultra-thin dicing blade during grinding was established, which centrifugal force was adopted in the whole blade and triangular distribution grinding forces were adopted in the grinding area. The radial deformation of the ultra-thin dicing blade was determined by finite element simulation, and the influence of grinding parameters on its radial deformation was analyzed. The simulation results showed that the grinding area of the ultra-thin dicing blade occurred radial expansion deformation at high rotational speed (more than 8000 rpm), and the value could reach 1.75 μm (rotational speed at 23,000 rpm, feed speed at 600 mm/min, and grinding depth at 0.12 mm). The deformation increased in a form of power function with the increase of rotational speed, and decreased linearly with the increase of feed speed and grinding depth. This work can provide reference data for deformation compensation, which is helpful to improve the dimensional accuracy of grinding groove.
New analytical leakage models for tribological interfaces in axial piston pumps
Authors: Chao Qun , Shao Yuechen , Liu Chengliang , Zhao Jiangao
Published: February 2023

Axial piston pumps act as the power source in hydraulic systems and their volumetric losses mainly arise from leakage of tribological interfaces. The leakage of tribological interfaces was often modeled as a simple mixture of pressure-induced flow and velocity-induced flow in previous studies. However, few studies have clarified the contribution of discharge pressure and rotational speed to the leakage flow. This work considers both pressure and velocity factors and establishes new analytical models for the leakage of tribological interfaces from Navier-Stokes equations. Experiments were performed on an actual axial piston pump to measure its leakage flow rates at different discharge pressures and rotational speeds. Results show that the total pump leakage excludes Couette flow and only includes Poiseuille and centrifugal flows. The Poiseuille flow predominates the pump leakage while the centrifugal flow contributes little to the pump leakage.
Choice of the stress integration scheme for accurate large-deformation finite element analysis
Authors: Stefani Fabrizio Antonio , Frascio Mattia , Niccolini Marmont Du Haut Champ Carlo Alberto
Published: February 2023

The use of computational structural models that include geometrical non-linearity in many application cases may require high reliability in prediction of displacements. Nevertheless, large differences up to 60% on maximum total displacement have been found among results of static large-deformation analyses performed by means of the major commercial software packages in a simple benchmark study with linear material properties. In order to investigate the causes of such disagreement, the present work compares different finite element formulations including well-established stress update schemes. The various formulations are tested, and results are compared in three test cases. Rodriguez stress update algorithms have shown the best performance among methods reported in literature. Finally, the cause of the large differences found in the predictions of commercial codes is identified. It is linked to the energetic inconsistency of some stress update methods in the simulation of extension/compression loading conditions. Such inaccuracy is reproduced analytically by formulating and integrating the corresponding inconsistent constitutive equations. The identified problem is very important for designers, as it affects almost all the static simulations, which are the most common type of large-deformation analyses and usually involve extension/compression loading.
Co-simulation methods for train braking dynamics
Authors: Wu Qing , Spiryagin Maksym , Liu Pengfei , Cole Colin , Bernal Esteban
Published: February 2023

The development of train dynamics models usually started with simplified empirical air brake models. Fluid dynamic air brake models are sometimes required for train dynamics simulations to utilise their advantages in physical descriptions and model scalabilities. Due to the high complexity of fluid dynamic air brake models, the most economic approach to add such models to train dynamics simulation is via co-simulations. This paper presents three methods that can be used for co-simulations of train braking dynamics. These models are based on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP), and Message Passing Interface (MPI) techniques, respectively. Requirements for co-simulations of train braking dynamics are discussed. Code structures regarding how to implement these techniques for train braking dynamics simulations are presented and discussed. Demonstrative simulations using dummy programs are presented to show the effectiveness of these methods. Comparatively, OpenMP, MPI, and TCP/IP have an increasing level of complexity for implementations as well as commination time overhead. OpenMP and MPI also allow parallel computing to increase computing speeds. For the case of train braking dynamics simulations, the authors’ recommendation regarding the optimum application sequence is OpenMP, MPI, and TCP/IP.
Circ_0000285 regulates nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression through miR-1278/FNDC3B axis
Authors: Zeng Qingjiao , Ji Xiaolin , Li Xueshen , Tian Yanxun
Published: February 2023

Background

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is cancer with high mortality and poor prognosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified in a wide variety of cancers. But the functional mechanism of circ_000285 in NPC remains unclear.

Purpose

To decipher the biological function and molecular mechanism of circ_000285 in NPC.

Methods

Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was applied for detecting the expression of circ_0000285, miR-1278, and FNDC3B. Western blot was used to measure the protein levels of Fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B), Bcl2 associated X (Bax), and B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2). Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were analyzed by colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), and transwell assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry assays. ELISA assay was used to analyze Caspase-3 activity. Bioinformatics was used to predict, and the target relationship between miR-1278 and circ_0000285 or FNDC3B was verified by luciferase reporter assay. Tumor xenograft models were established to examine how circ_0000285 functions during the mediation of NPC tumor growth in vivo.

Results

Increased circ_0000285 and FNDC3B expressions, and a decreased miR-1278 expression were observed in NPC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of circ_0000285 inhibited NPC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and while promoting NPC cell apoptosis in vitro. Circ_0000285 knockdown-mediated anti-tumor effects in NPC cells could be largely reversed by silencing of miR-1278 or overexpression of FNDC3B. Circ_0000285 could up-regulate FNDC3B expression by sponging miR-1278 in NPC cells. Knockdown of circ_0000285 could inhibit tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusion

Circ_0000285 upregulates FNDC3B expression by adsorbing miR-1278 to promote NPC development.
Musicians’ views on the role of reading music in learning, performance, and understanding
Authors: Arthurs Yuko , Petrini Karin
Published: February 2023

Reading music notation is not an easy skill to acquire and can take years of training to master. In addition, it is not strictly necessary to be able to read music to make music. Nevertheless, music teaching and learning in the West has traditionally centered around the skill of reading music. This study explored participants’ reasons for learning to read music and the reported benefits of this skill for musical activities. We developed an online questionnaire with open-ended questions to gather the views of 64 people, both music readers and non-readers, on their musical activities using or not using notated scores. Their responses were analyzed thematically. The analysis showed that participants believe that learning and engaging with music notation adds to their multisensory experience of music involving vision, sound, and action; that, compared to learning by ear, the visual aspects of notation support the quick learning and improved theoretical understanding of a musical work: and that the skill of reading music is valuable in the context of group music making. They also believe, however, that notation can inhibit expressive performance or improvisation, and non-readers believe that sound technologies can be used as an alternative to notation. Finally, reading music was seen by readers, but not non-readers, as integral to playing an instrument. This may reflect differences between the practices and genres of music favored by the two groups.
The Quality of Life in Muslim Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis in Türkiye
Authors: Kankaya Hülya , Özer Serap , Yan Gülbahar , Erden Büşra , Şaraldı Fatma , Bebek Sinem
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Successful approaches to managing physical and psychosocial impacts on quality of life (QoL) of people with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are grounded in their sociocultural and religious perspectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the QoL of Muslim patients with AS in Türkiye.

Methodology:

This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 101 patients. The data were collected using a Demographic Form and the Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Index.

Results:

It was determined that the QoL of those who use medication regularly and whose physical activity, psychological state, social and sexual life are affected is statistically significantly worse ( p < .05).

Discussion:

Results can provide better understanding of the QoL of Muslim patients and physical, social, and psychological influences of AS on QoL in this population. These results may have substantial impact on designing interventions to improve the QoL of Muslim patients with AS and the factors affecting it.
High-dimensional nonlinear Bayesian inference of poroelastic fields from pressure data
Authors: Karimi Mina , Massoudi Mehrdad , Dayal Kaushik , Pozzi Matteo
Published: February 2023

We investigate solution methods for large-scale inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) via Bayesian inference. The Bayesian framework provides a statistical setting to infer uncertain parameters from noisy measurements. To quantify posterior uncertainty, we adopt Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approaches for generating samples. To increase the efficiency of these approaches in high-dimension, we make use of local information about gradient and Hessian of the target potential, also via Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC). Our target application is inferring the field of soil permeability processing observations of pore pressure, using a nonlinear PDE poromechanics model for predicting pressure from permeability. We compare the performance of different sampling approaches in this and other settings. We also investigate the effect of dimensionality and non-gaussianity of distributions on the performance of different sampling methods.
Stopping the Spread: How Blame Attributions Drive Customer-to-Customer Misbehavior Contagion and What Frontline Employees Can Do to Curb It
Authors: Danatzis Ilias , Möller-Herm Jana
Published: February 2023

Service encounters nowadays are increasingly characterized by customer-to-customer (C2C) interactions where customers regularly become targets of other customers’ misbehavior. Although previous research provides initial evidence of the contagiousness of such C2C misbehavior, it remains unclear whether, how, and why C2C misbehavior spreads when frontline employees (FLEs) are involved and what FLEs can do to curb it. Two online and one field experiment in the context of co-working and transportation services reveal that FLE-directed blame attributions drive the spread of C2C misbehavior while perpetrator-directed blame attributions reverse it. These blame attributions are greater the more severely customers judge other customers’ misbehavior. Findings further rule out alternative contagion mechanisms (social norms and emotional contagion) and show that contagion spills over to C2C misbehavior unrelated to the initial transgression. By specifying how contagion unfolds and by explicating the central role blame attributions play in C2C misbehavior contagion, this research uncovers its social dynamics, thus extending existing theory on customer misbehavior and attribution theory in multi-actor settings. Managerially, this research provides FLEs with explicit guidance on what they should do (personalized FLE interventions delivered either in person or remotely) and avoid doing (disapproving looks, FLE service recovery) when faced with C2C misbehavior.
EMI as a problem, a right or a resource: Exploring misalignments in stakeholders’ views at one university in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Chiu-Hui (Vivian)
Published: February 2023

The number of English medium instruction (EMI) courses has grown dramatically in non-Anglophone countries during the past three decades. As EMI is considered ‘an unstoppable train’, the Taiwanese government wants to be on board that train. This current research investigates EMI language practices at one university in Taiwan through interviews of three EMI instructors as key informants and how their practices and beliefs were misaligned with the government’s language policy. Findings revealed three misalignments at the macro, meso, and micro levels of the implementation of EMI at the university. The misalignments were: (1) the incongruity of students’ English proficiency as a prerequisite for enrollment, (2) inconsistencies in defining EMI, and (3) instructors perceived conflicting learning needs and interests of students. The conflicting interests suggested that EMI could be considered a problem, a right or a resource by different stakeholders. The study concluded that a top-down policy with language-as-resource orientation may not be the way to implement EMI effectively. Instead, language-as-right orientation to promote EMI seems to be agreed by all stakeholders and policy makers at the macro, meso and micro level.
Intersecting effects of sex/gender and autism on structural language: A scoping review
Authors: Oates Morgan , Bean Allison
Published: February 2023

Despite emerging awareness of gender diversity in the autistic population, our understanding of autism remains limited to cisgender boys and men. We conducted a scoping review to better understand how structural language skills (i.e. syntax, semantics, narrative) differ across sex/gender within autism, and how gender diversity is incorporated in such research. Five research databases were searched for articles that have autistic participants who were not all male, present quantitative results separated by sex/gender, pertain to structural language, and were published between 2000 and 2021. Twenty-four articles met inclusion criteria. One article demonstrated awareness of gender diversity beyond the binary (i.e. girl, boy). Overall, autistic girls performed better than autistic boys but worse than nonautistic girls. Autistic girls are less likely to share the same quality and magnitude of structural language difficulties as autistic boys, which may contribute to their underdiagnosis. Comparing autistic girls to nonautistic girls is more likely to reveal areas of linguistic difference and potential intervention targets. This research provides further support for developing sex/gender-aware diagnostic and support measures for autism. Broader awareness of gender diversity, as both a concept and a prevalent feature of the autistic population, is essential for researchers to continue learning about sex/gender interactions in autism.

Lay abstract

Research about autism is mostly about boys and men, even though many autistic people are girls, women, and transgender/nonbinary. We wanted to learn more about how gender interacts with language skills in autistic people, so we reviewed existing research articles on this topic. We also wanted to know how this previous research talked about gender. Included articles had to measure language skills for autistic people of different genders. They also had to be published between 2000 and 2021. Twenty-four articles met these requirements. We found that autistic girls showed better language skills than autistic boys but worse skills than nonautistic girls. This may be one reason that autistic girls are underdiagnosed compared to autistic boys. If we compare autistic girls to nonautistic girls instead, we can see more language differences and possible areas to target in interventions. This study supports the need to create diagnostic and support measures for autism that take gender into account. Also, only one article mentioned autistic people who are transgender or nonbinary. Researchers who want to learn more about gender and autism need to understand gender diversity and recognize that many autistic people are transgender or nonbinary.
Conceiving Computer-Assisted Reporting: Optimism, materialism, and technological determinism in United States-focused textbooks
Authors: Parks Perry , Mari Will
Published: February 2023

This study examines how US-focused instructional textbooks presented newsgathering approaches associated with the Computer-Assisted Reporting (CAR) movement from the late 20th to the early 21st centuries. As newsrooms began a decades-long shift toward digitalization and data-driven, social-scientific reporting, industry thought leaders used educational texts to introduce and enculturate rank-and-file journalists into increasingly technologized practices. Analysis of 15 textbooks from before the launch of the commercial Internet through the “digital turn” of the late 2000s finds many texts focused on persuading reluctant newsworkers to get on board with CAR — suggesting a pollyannaish technological determinism regarding the potential of computer technology to save newspapers and transform society.
Business as the new doxa in education? An analysis of edu-business events in Finland
Authors: Candido Helena Hinke Dobrochinski , Seppänen Piia , Thrupp Martin
Published: February 2023

The trend towards seeing education as a commodity and part of a global industry has transformed the field of education. We argue that these transformations are reducing the autonomy of the field of education as it has incorporated business rhetoric, logic and practice. We examine this through an analysis of discursive formations manifested in two major international edu-business events in Finland – Dare to Learn and XcitED. The performativity existing in these events, combining actions and interactions, objective and subjective elements and materialized and symbolic interests and outcomes, enables convergences between business and education. In Finland, where education is overwhelmingly public, there is a subtle marketization, increasingly integrating business rationales and attitudes in education. We employed event ethnography and discourse analysis to examine points of diffraction between education and business. A transversal movement between the field of education and the field of business is enabled by symbolic power. Dare to Learn and XcitED discursive formations reveal the penetration of business in education, which reframes the field of education and fosters the global education industry in Finland and abroad, challenging notions and practices of democracy and citizenship in education.
Drive-by bridge damage detection using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and support vector machine
Authors: Li Zhenkun , Lin Weiwei , Zhang Youqi
Published: February 2023

Bridge damage detection using vibration data has been confirmed as a promising approach. Compared to the traditional method that typically needs to install sensors or systems directly on bridges, the drive-by bridge damage detection method has gained increasing attention worldwide since it just needs one or a few sensors instrumented on the passing vehicle. Bridge frequencies extracted from the vehicle’s vibrations can be good references for damage detection. However, extant literature considered mainly low-frequency responses of the vehicle, while the high-frequency responses that also contained the bridge’s damage information were often ignored. To fill this gap, this paper developed a damage detection approach that utilized both low and high-frequency responses of the passing vehicle. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and support vector machine (SVM) were employed to classify damage severity. Firstly, the vehicle’s frequency responses are utilized as input features to train SVM models to identify the bridge’s condition. Then, to reduce dimensions of inputs and improve training efficiency, frequency responses are projected from the Hertz scale into the Mel scale, and two means using MFCCs are used to feed different SVM models. A laboratory experiment with a U-shaped continuous beam and a model car was used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results showed that high-frequency responses contain much information about the bridge’s conditions, and using MFCCs could apparently improve computational efficiency. The errors of damage detection when a heavy car was employed were within 5%.
Explaining Online Personalized Politics: A Cross-National Comparative Analysis of Social Media Consumption of Parties and Leaders
Authors: Zamir Shahaf
Published: February 2023

The personalization of politics (the process of politicians’ strengthening at the expense of political parties) has long been studied. This study focuses on online personalism in the consumption of political parties and their leaders on Twitter and Facebook and aims to find its explaining factors. Following the normalization/equalization debate, it sets hypotheses regarding the relationship between variables from offline to online personalized politics. Using multilevel analysis of Facebook and Twitter data of more than 140 parties from 25 democracies, it finds that the leaders’ position significantly affects online personalism in most of the consumption aspects of social media. It also shows that country’s offline personalization, leader’s tenure, party populism, party age, party’s governmental status, vote share, and the leadership selection method have effects on some of the indicators for online personalism on the consumption side. It concludes that offline political power is reflected online.
Does Child Maltreatment Reduce or Increase Empathy? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Huiping , Gao Xinyi , Liang Yuzhu , Yao Qingyun , Wei Qingong
Published: February 2023

Arguments about the associations between child maltreatment and empathy remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the direction and magnitude of the relationships between child abuse and neglect and empathy. Four English databases (Web of Science, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Cochrane Library), three Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Weipu), and grey literature were systematically searched. We extracted data related to the associations between child maltreatment and empathy and pooled them using random effects models. A total of 24 eligible studies involving 22,580 participants and 176 estimates were included in the analyses. Overall, child maltreatment was significantly related to reduced empathy ([Formula: see text] = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.17, −0.13]). Specifically, the rank-order mean effect size of subtypes of maltreatment on empathy is: emotional neglect ([Formula: see text] = −0.18, 95% CI [−0.25, −0.12]) > physical neglect ([Formula: see text] = −0.16, 95% CI [−0.23, −0.09]) > emotional abuse ([Formula: see text] = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.21, −0.10]) > physical abuse ([Formula: see text] = −0.12, 95% CI [−0.17, −0.07]) > sexual abuse ([Formula: see text] = −0.07, 95% CI [−0.14, −0.01]). Furthermore, the meta-regression results suggested that the aggregated associations between child maltreatment and empathy were not inflated by publication bias, but they were moderated by the age of respondents, sample size, publication language, empathy measurement, and maltreatment type. The results indicate that general maltreatment and its subtypes are associated with reduced empathy. Parent training and empathy enhancement programs should be designed to help children with a history of childhood maltreatment, respectively, from an early stage.
Holding and Professional Care: On Self-Determination for Persons With Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities
Authors: Skarsaune Synne Nese , Hanisch Halvor Melbye
Published: February 2023

Persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PMID) are in danger of not being granted the human right to experience self-determination. Attitudes questioning the relevance of the rights of persons with significant support needs and a lack of guidance on how to practically go about ensuring self-determination might explain this. Providing knowledge about this matter, this article contributes through an ethnography highlighting the relationship between persons with PIMD and professionals. The concept of holding another’s identity was found to be a possible, fruitful approach toward self-determination in this context. Descriptions of holding dialogues with an ethics of care suggest specific conditions for moving practices toward self-determination: recognize the role of the professional, emphasize embodied empathy, and enable involvement. The ethnography suggests a broadened understanding of self-determination, pinpointing the importance of sensitivity toward the other’s particularity.
Parent Perceptions of Remote Instruction for Students with Extensive Support Needs
Authors: Rossetti Zach , Lehr Donna , Shaheen Tashnuva , Baulier Katie , Burnette Kristin , Taub Deborah
Published: February 2023

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, schools shifted to nontraditional education overnight, disrupting learning for millions of children in the United States. Despite the broad impact of these shifts in schooling, its effects have not been uniform. How would the specialized instructional supports known to be effective in meeting the needs of students with extensive support needs (ESN) be provided remotely? We interviewed eight mothers of students with ESN to learn how nontraditional education impacted the educational experiences of students with ESN. Our findings included the overall perception that nontraditional education was highly unsuccessful and could not replace in-person learning for participants’ children. Findings also highlighted challenges participants experienced when working to support their children’s at-home learning, as well as the unexpected benefits participants reported from remote service delivery that may be considered as future recommendations of instructional practices for students with ESN.
A deeper order? A roundtable on William Bain, Political Theology of International Order
Authors: Lang Anthony F
Published: February 2023

A brief introduction to the roundtable on William Bain, Political Theology of International Order.
Digitalizing infrastructure, digital platforms and public services
Authors: Finger Matthias , Montero Juan
Published: February 2023

This article discusses the challenges posed to the traditional, physically delivered public services as a result of their digitalization, something that mainly concerns infrastructure public services in the transport, the energy, and the communications sectors. In addition, it assesses whether the digital interfaces that increasingly intermediate between the traditional, physical public services and the citizens also have public service features and, as a consequence, should be regulated accordingly. The article first clarifies the concept of public service in the context of the liberalization of the infrastructure sectors, sectors in which public services had come to play an important role over time. It then explains how to conceptualize digitalization and its effects on physical services providers by paying particular attention to the business model of the digital platforms. It furthermore examines how digitalization affects the traditional physical public services and whether the digital platforms in the concerned infrastructures could have public service features. In the concluding section it discusses remedies.
Should I use digital storytelling in my future classroom? Why or why not? Investigating pre-service math teachers’ acceptance of digital storytelling
Authors: Kukul Volkan
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate digital storytelling based on the technology acceptance model. For this aim, the study was conducted as a case study with the participation of 52 pre-service mathematics teachers. The findings firstly showed that most of the pre-service teachers’ perceived ease of use was high as they consider digital storytelling contributed to the learning environment and their professional development. It was additionally observed in participant responses that their usefulness perceptions are high. Consequently, most pre-service teachers intend to use digital storytelling in their future teaching practices. It was finally revealed that some of the pre-service teachers stated their intention of their students’ participation in the digital storytelling process, while others expressed their intention of bringing their own digital stories to the classroom as educational material.
Why programmatic parties reduce criminal violence: Theory and evidence from Brazil
Authors: Nieto-Matiz Camilo , Skigin Natán
Published: February 2023

Extensive research suggests that electoral competition and power alternations increase violence in weakly institutionalized democracies. Yet, little is known about how political parties affect violence and security. We theorize that the type of party strengthened in elections shapes security outcomes and argue that the rise of programmatic parties, at the expense of clientelistic parties, can significantly reduce violence. In contexts of large-scale criminal violence, programmatic parties are less likely to establish alliances with coercive actors because they possess fewer incentives and greater coordination capacity. Focusing on Brazil, we use a regression discontinuity design that leverages the as-if random assignment of election winners across three rounds of mayoral races. We find that violent crime decreased in municipalities where programmatic parties won coin-flip elections, while it increased in those where clientelistic parties triumphed. Our findings suggest that whether electoral competition increases violence depends on the type of party that wins elections.
“I Used to Love Scheifele:” Dominant Narratives on Reddit About the Canadian Division of the Stanley Cup Playoffs
Authors: O’Hallarn Brendan , Slavich Mark , Emmons Betsy
Published: February 2023

The community-moderated content aggregation social media site Reddit has emerged as a popular destination for discussion of topics of interest in news, sport, and entertainment. This study explored the discourse of hockey fans during the playoff rounds of the Canadian Division in the 2021 Stanley Cup playoffs. The study analyzed fan discourse around two incidents which garnered significant media attention, and subsequent Reddit chatter—the inadvertent knee-on-head collision that knocked Toronto Maple Leafs’ captain John Tavares out of Round 1 and the deliberate late hit by Mark Scheifele of the Winnipeg Jets, leading to his suspension for the remainder of Round 2. On Reddit, both incidents revealed a community of hockey fans eager to engage in spirited, sometimes profane, discussion. Very quickly, discussion of the incidents led to the creation of a dominant narrative on Reddit, with the architecture of the site itself helping to inhibit alternative points of view. This contradicts the popular view of Reddit as a fan-powered community because of affordances which inhibit dissent and reward repeating other debate participants. This instant in-group creation could ultimately act as a barrier to fandom among Reddit’s 850 million users not as passionate about particular narratives of hockey.
A 13-Year-Old Girl With Unilateral Visual Changes
Authors: Sykes David A. W. , Joseph Suzanna L. , Williams Shannon P. , Das Samrat U.
Published: February 2023

Neuroretinitis is a condition typically characterized by unilateral optic neuropathy and is most commonly a sequelae of cat scratch disease (CSD) due to infection with Bartonella henselae. Ophthalmologic examination will reveal a swollen optic nerve and may eventually reveal a canonical macular star; optical coherence tomography (OCT) will reveal flattening of the fovea, a thickened neurosensory retina, and subretinal fluid accumulation. Although CSD rarely presents with isolated neuorretinitis, it should be considered in patients presenting with unilateral visual changes. The differential diagnosis for neuroretinitis includes optic neuritis, inflammatory optic neuropathies (sarcoid, para-infectious, autoimmune), compressive, toxic, and more. We describe a pediatric patient presenting with visual changes that were initially concerning for optic neuritis and the diagnostic workup that ultimately led to a diagnosis of CSD neuroretinitis.
Implementation of a Multimodal Heart Failure Management Protocol in a Skilled Nursing Facility
Authors: Rockwell Michelle S. , Cox Emily , Locklear Tonja , Hodges Brandy , Mulkey Stacey , Evans Brandon , Epling John W. , Stavola Anthony R.
Published: February 2023

Hospitals and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) are incentivized to reduce hospital readmissions among patients with heart failure (HF). We used the RE-AIM framework and mixed quantitative and qualitative data to evaluate the implementation of a multimodal HF management protocol (HFMP) administered in a SNF in 2021. Over 90% of eligible patients were enrolled in the HFMP (REACH). Of the 42 enrolled patients (61.9% female, aged 81.9 ± 8.9 years, 9.5% Medicaid), 2 (4.8%) were readmitted within 30 days of hospital discharge and 4 (9.5%) were readmitted within 30 days of SNF discharge compared with historical (2020) rates of 16.7% and 22.2%, respectively (a potential savings of $132,418–$176,573 in hospital costs) (EFFECTIVENESS). Although stakeholder feedback about ADOPTION and IMPLEMENTATION was largely positive, challenges associated with clinical data collection, documentation, and staff turnover were described. Findings will inform refinement of the HFMP to facilitate further testing and sustainability (MAINTENANCE).
Developing a Modeling Framework for Quantifying the Health and Cost Implications of Antibiotic Resistance for Surgical Procedures
Authors: Davies Heather , Russell Joel , Varghese Angel , Holmes Hayden , Soares Marta O. , Woods Beth , Puig-Peiro Ruth , Evans Stephanie , Tierney Rory , Mealing Stuart , Sculpher Mark , Robotham Julie V.
Published: February 2023

Background. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat. The wider implications of AMR, such as the impact of antibiotic resistance (ABR) on surgical procedures, are yet to be quantified. The objective of this study was to produce a conceptual modeling framework to provide a basis for estimating the current and potential future consequences of ABR for surgical procedures in England. Design. A framework was developed using literature-based evidence and structured expert elicitation. This was applied to populations undergoing emergency repair of the neck of the femur and elective colorectal resection surgery. Results. The framework captures the implications of increasing ABR by allowing for higher rates of surgical site infection (SSI) as the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis wanes and worsened outcomes following SSIs to reflect reduced antibiotic treatment effectiveness. The expert elicitation highlights the uncertainty in quantifying the impact of ABR, reflected in the results. A hypothetical SSI rate increase of 14% in a person undergoing emergency repair of the femur could increase costs by 39% (−2% to 108% credible interval [CI]) and decrease quality-adjusted life-years by 11% (0.4% to 62% CI) over 15 y. Conclusions. The modeling framework is a starting point for addressing the implication of ABR on the outcomes and costs of surgeries. Due to clinical uncertainty highlighted in the expert elicitation process, the numerical outputs of the case studies should not be focused on but rather the framework itself, illustration of the evidence gaps, the benefit of expert elicitation in quantifying parameters with limited data, and the potential magnitude of the impact of ABR on surgical procedures. Implications. The framework can be used to support research surrounding the health and cost burden of ABR in England.

Highlights

The modeling framework is a starting point for assessing the health and cost impacts of antibiotic resistance on surgeries in England. Formulating a framework and synthesizing evidence to parameterize data gaps provides targets for future research. Once data gaps are addressed, this modeling framework can be used to feed into overall estimates of the health and cost burden of antibiotic resistance and evaluate control policies.
Visibility and symbolism of corporate architecture: A multi-method approach for visual impact assessment
Authors: Talamini Gianni , Liu Ting , El-Khoury Roula , Shao Di
Published: February 2023

The global neoliberal cityscape is one of the most iconic products of contemporary urbanization. Inborn to international financial hubs such as New York, London, and Hong Kong, the dense concentration of high-rise bank headquarters became a powerful branding tool in the growing competition to attract foreign investment. Despite the extraordinary international attention this cityscape has attracted, there is a paucity of scientific research on its morphological principles and the gap between its visibility and perception. With a focus on Hong Kong, this study develops an innovative multi-method research design, combining historical investigation, a newly advanced visual impact assessment method, and a survey of a random probability population sample. The historical investigation reveals a volitional attempt to preserve visibility from key vantage points. The comparative assessment of bank headquarters and other corporate buildings, regarding both their visibility and perceived impact on the city’s image, demonstrates a gap between visibility and buildings’ perceived importance. The results illustrate the effective semiotic use of architecture, shedding light on how the symbolism of architectural form can consolidate neoliberal hegemony on the basis of shared perception. This study’s novelty lies in its multi-method approach and methodological advancement in terms of visibility analysis, while its significance is its potential application across a vast geographic area by scholars, designers, planners, and policymakers.
A Review of Cellulosic Natural Fibers’ Properties and Their Suitability as Reinforcing Materials for Composite Panels and Applications
Authors: Ari Ali , Karahan Mehmet , Ahmed Hasabo Abdelbagi Mohamed , Babiker Omsalma , Dehşet Ramazan Muhammed Ahmed
Published: February 2023

There has been much effort to provide eco-friendly and biodegradable materials for the next generation of composite products owing to global environmental concerns and increased awareness of renewable green resources. Increased use of natural materials in composites has led to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint of composites. In addition to the benefits obtained from green materials, there are some challenges in working with them, such as poor compatibility between the reinforcing natural fiber and matrix and the relatively high moisture absorption of natural fibers. Green composites can be a suitable alternative for petroleum-based materials. However, before this can be accomplished, a number of issues need to be addressed, including poor interfacial adhesion between the matrix and natural fibers, moisture absorption, poor fire resistance, low impact strength, and less durability. Several researchers have studied the properties of natural fiber composites. These investigations have resulted in developing several procedures for modifying natural fibers and resins. To address the increasing demand to use eco-friendly materials in different applications, an up-to-date review of natural fiber and resin types and sources, modification, and processing techniques, physical and mechanical behaviors, applications, life-cycle assessment, and other properties of green composites is required to provide a better understanding of the behavior of green composites.
Pediatric Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments: Etiologies, Clinical Course, and Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Sparks Madeline E. , Davila Pedro J. , He Yu-Guang , Wang Angeline L.
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To describe the predisposing factors, clinical course, and surgical methods of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and determine which factors affect anatomic success. Methods: Data of patients 18 years or younger who had surgical repair for RRD from January 1, 2004, to June 31, 2020, with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The study evaluated 101 eyes of 94 patients. Of the eyes, 90% had at least 1 predisposing factor to pediatric RRD, including trauma (46%), myopia (41%), prior intraocular surgery (26%), and congenital anomaly (23%); 81% had macula-off detachments and 34% had proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade C or worse at presentation. The presence of PVR grade C or worse ( P = .0002), total RRD ( P = .014), and vitrectomy alone at first surgery ( P = .0093) were associated with worse outcomes. Patients who had scleral buckle (SB) alone at the first surgery had statistically higher rates of anatomic success than those who had vitrectomy alone or combined with SB ( P = .0002). After the final surgery, 74% of patients achieved anatomic success. Discussion: The majority of cases in this study were associated with 1 of the 4 risk factors predisposing to pediatric RRD. These patients often present late with macula-off detachments and PVR grade C or worse. The majority of patients achieved anatomic success after surgical repair using SB, vitrectomy, or a combination.
Decision-making in childhood vaccination: vaccine hesitancy among caregivers of under-5 children from a tertiary care institution in Eastern India
Authors: Sahoo Soumya Swaroop , Parida Swayam Pragyan , Singh Arvind Kumar , Palepu Sarika , Sahoo Durgesh Prasad , Bhatia Vikas
Published: February 2023

Background:

Acceptance of vaccines has been on a decline in recent times, with vaccine hesitancy being listed as one of the top 10 global health threats. This study analysed vaccine hesitancy and belief towards vaccination among caregivers of children aged below 5 years.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 196 caregivers of children aged 6 months to below 5 years who had attended an immunization clinic at a tertiary care institute of Eastern India from March to May 2019 were surveyed. Consecutive sampling was used to recruit eligible study participants. The survey assessed the attitudes of parents towards childhood vaccination by using the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and their beliefs towards vaccination. Univariate analysis was performed to assess the association of various sociodemographic factors with vaccine hesitancy.

Results:

Among the caregivers, most (48%) mothers were aged 26–35 years, literate and homemakers. Vaccine hesitancy was observed in 9.18% of the participants. Only the age of the child was significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy. Nearly half (48.5%) of the participants were concerned about the serious adverse effects of vaccines, and a third (30.6%) agreed that newer vaccines are associated with higher risks than the older ones. Caregivers felt that vaccines are no longer required for uncommon diseases.

Conclusion:

Concerns regarding vaccine hesitancy are prevalent even among caregivers attending a tertiary care institute. Thus, additional studies are required to assess hesitancy in urban, rural, remote and inaccessible areas. Policymakers ought to conduct periodic assessments and implement necessary remedial measures for the long-term sustenance of the benefits of the national immunization programme.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals liver injury induced by glyphosate in mice
Authors: Wu Jiangpeng , Sun Xiuping , Wu Chunyi , Hong Xiaoping , Xie Lulin , Shi Zixu , Zhao Liang , Du Qingfeng , Xiao Wei , Sun Jichao , Wang Jigang
Published: February 2023

Background

Glyphosate (GLY), as the active ingredient of the most widely used herbicide worldwide, is commonly detected in the environment and living organisms, including humans. Its toxicity and carcinogenicity in mammals remain controversial. Several studies have demonstrated the hepatotoxicity of GLY; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown.

Methods

Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), immunofluorescent staining, and in vivo animal studies, we analyzed the liver tissues from untreated and GLY-treated mice.

Results

We generated the first scRNA-seq atlas of GLY-exposed mouse liver. GLY induced varied cell composition, shared or cell-type-specific transcriptional alterations, and dysregulated cell–cell communication and thus exerted hepatotoxicity effects. The oxidative stress and inflammatory response were commonly upregulated in several cell types. We also observed activation and upregulated phagocytosis in macrophages, as well as proliferation and extracellular matrix overproduction in hepatic stellate cells.

Conclusions

Our study provides a comprehensive single-cell transcriptional picture of the toxic effect of GLY in the liver, which offers novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the GLY-associated hepatotoxicity.
Transcriptome Landscapes of Salt-Susceptible Rice Cultivar IR29 Associated with a Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Streptomyces
Authors: Kruasuwan Worarat , Lohmaneeratana Karan , Munnoch John T. , Vongsangnak Wanwipa , Jantrasuriyarat Chatchawan , Hoskisson Paul A. , Thamchaipenet Arinthip
Published: February 2023

Plant growth-promoting endophytic (PGPE) actinomycetes have been known to enhance plant growth and mitigate plant from abiotic stresses via their PGP-traits. In this study, PGPE Streptomyces sp. GKU 895 promoted growth and alleviated salt tolerance of salt-susceptible rice cultivar IR29 by augmentation of plant weight and declined ROS after irrigation with 150 mM NaCl in a pot experiment. Transcriptome analysis of IR29 exposed to the combination of strain GKU 895 and salinity demonstrated up and downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) classified by gene ontology and plant reactome. Streptomyces sp. GKU 895 induced changes in expression of rice genes including transcription factors under salt treatment which involved in growth and development, photosynthesis, plant hormones, ROS scavenging, ion transport and homeostasis, and plant–microbe interactions regarding pathogenesis- and symbiosis-related proteins. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PGPE Streptomyces sp. GKU 895 colonized and enhanced growth of rice IR29 and triggered salt tolerance phenotype. Our findings suggest that utilisation of beneficial endophytes in the saline fields could allow for the use of such marginal soils for growing rice and possibly other crops.