bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deeper understanding of the barriers to national climate adaptation policy: the case of South Korea
Authors: Lee Seunghan , Paavola Jouni , Dessai Suraje
Published: November 2022

As climate change adaptation has become essential for the sustainable development of nations, national adaptation policies have increasingly been adopted and implemented over the past decade. However, an adaptation gap is observable and getting wider. We investigate the barriers to national adaptation policy and their origins, influence as well as relationships between them in South Korea. We also analyse used and suggested solutions to overcome the barriers. Based on interviews with core stakeholders, we find 49 factors (16 barriers, 14 origins, 19 influences) related to barriers to national adaptation policy and draw a barrier map that shows all factors and relationships between them. We also explain how the barriers occur and how they affect national adaptation policy by mapping the relationships between barriers, origins, and influences. Key barriers to Korea’s national adaptation policy are related to institutions, fragmentation, and resources. With an analysis of used/suggested solutions, we conclude by suggesting a procedure for diagnosing problems of national adaptation policy, understanding related barriers and origins, and devising practical solutions for national policymakers and stakeholders.
Molecular and pathobiological insights of bikunin/UTI in cancer
Authors: Lepedda Antonio Junior , Nieddu Gabriele , Cannas Claudia , Formato Marilena
Published: November 2022

Bikunin is a small chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (PG) with Ser-protease inhibitory activity that plays pleiotropic roles in health and disease. It is involved in several physiological processes including stabilization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissues and key reproductive events. Bikunin is also implicated in both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions and represents a non-invasive circulating and/or urinary (as Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor or UTI) biomarker. It exerts inhibitory effects on urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) mediating tumor invasiveness by a down-regulation of uPA mRNA expression, thus representing an anti-metastatic agent. However, only limited data on its potential as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker of cancer have been reported so far. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have provided researchers with a huge amount of information allowing for large-scale surveys of the cancer proteome. To address such issues, we analyzed bikunin expression data across several types of tumors, by using UALCAN proteogenomic analysis portal. In this article we critically review the roles of bikunin in human pathobiology, with a special focus on its inhibitory effects and mechanisms in cancer aggressiveness as well as its significance as cancer circulating biomarker.
Hollow platinum-gold and palladium-gold nanoparticles: synthesis and characterization of composition-structure relationship
Authors: Lucero Lucas Gisella Liliana , Romanus Henry , Ispas Adriana , Bund Andreas
Published: November 2022

Hollow palladium-gold (PdAu) and platinum-gold (PtAu) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through galvanic replacement reactions. PdAu NPs denoted PdAu-99.99 and PdAu-98 were produced using palladium precursors with different purity degree: Na2PdCl4 ≥ 99.99% and Na2PdCl4 98%, respectively. The effect of the addition time of the gold palladium precursor solution on the size of the generated NPs was evaluated. Two types of particles, with a rough and a smooth surface, were identified in the suspensions of PtAu and PdAu NPs by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The atomic percentage of gold, platinum, palladium, and cobalt (atomic %) in the nanoparticles was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). PtAu NPs (26–42 nm) contain Pt (41 at%), Au (36 at%), and Co (23 at%). Two groups of hollow palladium gold NPs (30–50 nm) with a different residual cobalt content were produced. PdAu-99.99 NPs consisted of Pd (68 at%), Au (26 at%), and Co (6 at%), whereas PdAu-98 NPs were composed of Pd (70 at%), Au (22 at%), and Co (8 at%). The hollow structure of the NPs was confirmed by EDX line scanning. Selected area electron diffraction analysis (SAED) revealed the formation of PtAu and PdAu alloys and it was used in estimating the lattice parameters, too.
Plants control the structure of mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungal communities in soil in a 50-year maize monoculture experiment
Authors: Wachowska Urszula , Rychcik Bogumił
Published: November 2022

Aims

Saprotrophic soil fungi participate in biomass mineralization, inhibit pathogen development and promote plant growth. Pathogens accumulate in soil and decrease crop yields. The structure of fungal communities is determined mainly by the organic matter content and pH of soil. Little is known about the influence of crop rotation and long-term monoculture on saprotrophic fungi that decompose plant roots and crop residues as sources of soil biomass.

Methods

Fungal communities that promote plant growth (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), yeasts, Trichoderma spp.), cellulolytic fungi and pathogenic species were analyzed in a 6-year crop rotation system (maize – spring barley – peas – winter rapeseed – winter wheat – sugar beets) and in 50-year maize monoculture. Fungal DNA was extracted from the rhizosphere and plant roots, and the ITS2 region of fungal rDNA was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. In both treatments, weeds were controlled chemically (terbuthylazine + mesotrione + s-metolachlor) or mechanically.

Results

A total of 311 fungal species were identified. The biodiversity of soil fungi, in particular AMF and yeasts, was higher in monoculture than in crop rotation. Maize pathogens were more frequently identified in monoculture, whereas species of the genus Trichoderma were more prevalent in crop rotation. Herbicides clearly increased the abundance of cellulolytic fungi of the phyla Mucoromycota and Mortierellomycota, Mortierella spp. and Minimedusa polyspora. The abiotic properties of soil were affected by the cropping sequence. The content of organic carbon (Corg) and the availability of P and Mg decreased in monoculture. Maize yields were bound by a strong positive correlation with the availability of macronutrients and Corg in soil, as well as a weak positive correlation with the abundance of Trichoderma spp., Mucoromycota and Mortierellomycota.

Conclusions

Fungi exert a complex and ambiguous effect on maize biomass yields, whereas a decrease in the macronutrient content of soil in monoculture strongly decreases maize yields. In the long term, the cropping sequence considerably influences the structure of the soil microbiome which can be a reservoir of unique species and species that minimize the negative effects of monoculture in agroecosystems.

Graphical Abstract
Temperature mapping of non-photochemical quenching in Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Herdean Andrei , Hall Christopher , Hughes David J. , Kuzhiumparambil Unnikrishnan , Diocaretz Bernardo Campos , Ralph Peter J.
Published: November 2022

Light intensity and temperature independently impact all parts of the photosynthetic machinery in plants and algae. Yet to date, the vast majority of pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements have been performed at well-defined light intensities, but rarely at well-defined temperatures. In this work, we show that PAM measurements performed at various temperatures produce vastly different results in the chlorophyte Chlorella vulgaris. Using a recently developed Phenoplate technique to map quantum yield of Photosystem II (Y(II)) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) as a function of temperature, we show that the fast-relaxing NPQ follows an inverse normal distribution with respect to temperature and appears insensitive to previous temperature acclimation. The slow-relaxing or residual NPQ after 5 minutes of dark recovery follows a normal distribution similar to Y(II) but with a peak in the higher temperature range. Surprisingly, higher slow- and fast-relaxing NPQ values were observed in high-light relative to low-light acclimated cultures. Y(II) values peaked at the adaptation temperature regardless of temperature or light acclimation. Our novel findings show the complete temperature working spectrum of Y(II) and how excess energy quenching is managed across a wide range of temperatures in the model microalgal species C. vulgaris. Finally, we draw attention to the fact that the effect of the temperature component in PAM measurements has been wildly underestimated, and results from experiments at room temperature can be misleading.
Entrapment and Manipulation
Authors: Haeg Jonas
Published: November 2022

Why is wrong to punish criminals who have been entrapped by the state? The paper begins by presenting some criticisms of existing answers to this question. First, they fail to put the target, or victim, of entrapment at the centre of the moral explanation. Second, they fail to account for the intuitive relation between the reasons not to entrap and the reasons not to punish. Third, they struggle to account for the existence of agent-neutral reasons not to punish entrapped offenders. Lastly, they are ill-equipped to explain why entrapment seems problematic also outside the legal context. In response, the paper develops a novel account of entrapment: the Manipulation Account. According to this, entrapment always involves a particular kind of manipulation (manipulation-by-hidden-intentions) which morally taints punishment. In short, I suggest that both the initial entrapment and the subsequent punishment involve wrongful manipulation. Lastly, the paper presents some untraditional, but ultimately welcoming, implications of the account.
Harmony in a panpsychist world
Authors: Saad Bradford
Published: November 2022

Experiences tend to be followed by states for which they provide normative reasons. Such harmonious correlations cry out for explanation. Theories that answer or diminish these cries thereby achieve an advantage over theories that do neither. I argue that the main lines of response to these cries that are available to biological theorists—theorists who hold (roughly) that conscious subjects are generally biological entities—are problematic. And I argue that panpsychism—which holds (roughly) that conscious subjects are ubiquitous in nature—provides an attractive response to these explanatory cries. Taken together, these considerations underwrite a kind of ‘psychophysical fine-tuning’ argument in support of panpsychism, one that is reminiscent of cosmological fine-tuning arguments in favor of multiverse hypotheses.
The Elastic Effect of Evolving Precipitate Shapes on the Ripening Kinetics of Tetragonal Phases
Authors: Schleifer Felix , Lin Yueh-Yu , Glatzel Uwe , Fleck Michael
Published: November 2022

Coherent tetragonal precipitates, such as the Ni3Nb phase γ″ found in Ni-base superalloys, appear as plate-shaped particles. These shapes are the result of anisotropic elastic misfit strains. We present 3D sharp phase-field simulations that capture this circumstance well due to the inclusion of the elastic effects from the misfit. These simulations reveal that the ripening behavior of γ″ precipitates deviates significantly from the classical LSW theory of Ostwald ripening. A ripening exponent of 2 rather than 3 describes the simulated γ″ size evolution at temperatures between 700 °C and 760 °C best. Employing a quantitative distinction argument, we show that 60 pct of this deviation is attributed to the elastically induced size dependence of the precipitate shapes. With increasing precipitate size, the minimization of elastic energy leads to steadily increasing plate aspect ratios. The precipitate ripening kinetics accelerate with increasing aspect ratio. Fitting the newly received square root time dependence to experimental data yields a physically conclusive activation energy of ripening close to the activation energy of Nb diffusion in the alloy.
Enhancement of Immunosuppressive Activity of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Platelet-Derived Factors is Accompanied by Apoptotic Priming
Authors: Trivanovic Drenka , Volkmann Noah , Stoeckl Magdalena , Tertel Tobias , Rudert Maximilian , Giebel Bernd , Herrmann Marietta
Published: November 2022

The pro-inflammatory phase of bone healing, initiated by platelet activation and eventually hematoma formation, impacts bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in unknown ways. Here, we created platelet-rich plasma (PRP) hydrogels to study how platelet-derived factors modulate functional properties of encapsulated MSCs in comparison to a non-inflammatory fibrin (FBR) hydrogel environment. MSCs were isolated from human bone marrow, while PRP was collected from pooled apheresis thrombocyte concentrates and used for hydrogel preparation. After their encapsulation in hydrogels for 72 h, retrieved MSCs were analyzed for immunomodulatory activities, apoptosis, stem cell properties, senescence, CD9+, CD63+ and CD81+ extracellular vesicle (EV) release, and metabolism-related changes. PRP-hydrogels stimulated immunosuppressive functions of MSCs, along with their upregulated susceptibility to cell death in communication with PBMCs and augmented caspase 3/7 activity. We found impaired clonal growth and cell cycle progression, and more pronounced β-galactosidase activity as well as accumulation of LC3-II-positive vacuoles in PRP-MSCs. Stimuli derived from PRP-hydrogels upregulated AKT and reduced mTOR phosphorylation in MSCs, which suggests an initiation of survival-related processes. Our results showed that PRP-hydrogels might represent a metabolically stressful environment, inducing acidification of MSCs, reducing polarization of the mitochondrial membrane and increasing lipid accumulation. These features were not detected in FBR-MSCs, which showed reduced CD63+ and CD81+ EV production and maintained clonogenicity. Our data revealed that PRP-derived hematoma components cause metabolic adaptation of MSCs followed by increased immune regulatory functions. For the first time, we showed that PRP stimuli represent a survival challenge and “apoptotic priming” that are detrimental for stem cell-like growth of MSCs and important for their therapeutic consideration.

Graphical Abstract
Consequences of Mouth Closure and Hypoxia-Induced State Changes in Low-Inflow Estuaries: Benthic Community and Trait-Based Response
Authors: Levin Lisa A. , Mendoza Guillermo F. , Neira Carlos , Giddings Sarah N. , Crooks Jeffrey A.
Published: November 2022

The southern California coastline hosts low-inflow estuaries that have mouths that periodically close. Low-inflow estuaries can become hypoxic and are then often opened mechanically. The consequences of mouth closure and hypoxia (< 2 mg L−1 O2) on macrobenthic densities, species richness, diversity, composition, and biological traits were evaluated for legacy data generated by the Pacific Estuarine Research Lab for Los Peñasquitos Lagoon (LPL) (1991–2006) and Tijuana Estuary (TJE) (1988–2004). LPL closed at least annually and TJE remained open during the study period. Effects were moderated by zone within the estuary (relative to the mouth) and season. Periodic closure in LPL was associated with raised macrofaunal density and diversity, especially at the mouth, and with suppressed seasonality. Closure favored soft-bodied (non-calcified) non-bioturbating, mobile, epifaunal taxa in LPL with planktotrophic development, large branchiae, and no vision. There were more spionid and capitellid polychaetes, Traskorchestia traskiana, Cerithideopsis californica, Tagelus californianus, and phoronids during closure. In contrast, hypoxia (< 2 mg L−1) measured during faunal sampling was associated with lower densities in LPL and different taxonomic composition, but no difference in taxon richness or diversity. There were more corophiid amphipods, small snails, tubificid oligochaetes, Palaemon macrodactylus (shrimp), and Trichorixa reticulata (insects) under hypoxic conditions, and retention of taxa with very large or small bodies and with vision. TJE densities were nearly double those of LPL; taxon richness and diversity (H’) were also higher in TJE. TJE hosted more burrowing, large-bodied, highly calcified taxa with planktotrophic development and no vision than LPL. Differences in composition and traits between the two estuaries disappeared in the middle and upper reaches, where ocean flushing was more limited. Historical long-term monitoring data for benthos, such as the data set analyzed here, offer a valuable baseline for evaluating ecosystem response to changes induced by climate, infrastructure development, contamination, or restoration.
A Comparative Perspective on the Cerebello-Cerebral System and Its Link to Cognition
Authors: Magielse Neville , Heuer Katja , Toro Roberto , Schutter Dennis J. L. G. , Valk Sofie L.
Published: November 2022

The longstanding idea that the cerebral cortex is the main neural correlate of human cognition can be elaborated by comparative analyses along the vertebrate phylogenetic tree that support the view that the cerebello-cerebral system is suited to support non-motor functions more generally. In humans, diverse accounts have illustrated cerebellar involvement in cognitive functions. Although the neocortex, and its transmodal association cortices such as the prefrontal cortex, have become disproportionately large over primate evolution specifically, human neocortical volume does not appear to be exceptional relative to the variability within primates. Rather, several lines of evidence indicate that the exceptional volumetric increase of the lateral cerebellum in conjunction with its connectivity with the cerebral cortical system may be linked to non-motor functions and mental operation in primates. This idea is supported by diverging cerebello-cerebral adaptations that potentially coevolve with cognitive abilities across other vertebrates such as dolphins, parrots, and elephants. Modular adaptations upon the vertebrate cerebello-cerebral system may thus help better understand the neuroevolutionary trajectory of the primate brain and its relation to cognition in humans. Lateral cerebellar lobules crura I-II and their reciprocal connections to the cerebral cortical association areas appear to have substantially expanded in great apes, and humans. This, along with the notable increase in the ventral portions of the dentate nucleus and a shift to increased relative prefrontal-cerebellar connectivity, suggests that modular cerebellar adaptations support cognitive functions in humans. In sum, we show how comparative neuroscience provides new avenues to broaden our understanding of cerebellar and cerebello-cerebral functions in the context of cognition.
Spatiotemporal EEG Dynamics of Prospective Memory in Ageing and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Crook-Rumsey Mark , Howard Christina J. , Doborjeh Zohreh , Doborjeh Maryam , Ramos Josafath Israel Espinosa , Kasabov Nikola , Sumich Alexander
Published: November 2022

Prospective memory (PM, the memory of future intentions) is one of the first complaints of those that develop dementia-related disease. Little is known about the neurophysiology of PM in ageing and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). By using a novel artificial neural network to investigate the spatial and temporal features of PM related brain activity, new insights can be uncovered. Young adults (n = 30), healthy older adults (n = 39) and older adults with MCI (n = 27) completed a working memory and two PM (perceptual, conceptual) tasks. Time-locked electroencephalographic potentials (ERPs) from 128-electrodes were analysed using a brain-inspired spiking neural network (SNN) architecture. Local and global connectivity from the SNNs was then evaluated. SNNs outperformed other machine learning methods in classification of brain activity between younger, older and older adults with MCI. SNNs trained using PM related brain activity had better classification accuracy than working memory related brain activity. In general, younger adults exhibited greater local cluster connectivity compared to both older adult groups. Older adults with MCI demonstrated decreased global connectivity in response to working memory and perceptual PM tasks but increased connectivity in the conceptual PM models relative to younger and healthy older adults. SNNs can provide a useful method for differentiating between those with and without MCI. Using brain activity related to PM in combination with SNNs may provide a sensitive biomarker for detecting cognitive decline. Cognitively demanding tasks may increase the amount connectivity in older adults with MCI as a means of compensation.
Blind spots in medical education: how can we envision new possibilities?
Authors: Tackett Sean , Steinert Yvonne , Whitehead Cynthia R. , Reed Darcy A. , Wright Scott M.
Published: November 2022

As human beings, we all have blind spots. Most obvious are our visual blind spots, such as where the optic nerve meets the retina and our inability to see behind us. It can be more difficult to acknowledge our other types of blind spots, like unexamined beliefs, assumptions, or biases. While each individual has blind spots, groups can share blind spots that limit change and innovation or even systematically disadvantage certain other groups. In this article, we provide a definition of blind spots in medical education, and offer examples, including unfamiliarity with the evidence and theory informing medical education, lack of evidence supporting well-accepted and influential practices, significant absences in our scholarly literature, and the failure to engage patients in curriculum development and reform. We argue that actively helping each other see blind spots may allow us to avoid pitfalls and take advantage of new opportunities for advancing medical education scholarship and practice. When we expand our collective field of vision, we can also envision more “adjacent possibilities,” future states near enough to be considered but not so distant as to be unimaginable. For medical education to attend to its blind spots, there needs to be increased participation among all stakeholders and a commitment to acknowledging blind spots even when that may cause discomfort. Ultimately, the better we can see blind spots and imagine new possibilities, the more we will be able to adapt, innovate, and reform medical education to prepare and sustain a physician workforce that serves society’s needs.
Development of bioactive electrospun scaffolds suitable to support skin fibroblasts and release Lucilia sericata maggot excretion/secretion
Authors: Giacaman Annesi G. , Styliari Ioanna D. , Taresco Vincenzo , Pritchard David , Alexander Cameron , Rose Felicity R. A. J.
Published: November 2022

Larval therapy has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of chronic wounds by promoting granulation tissue formation, due to its antimicrobial properties and by degrading necrotic tissue. However, the use of live maggots is problematic for patient acceptance, and thus there is a need to develop materials which can release therapeutic biomolecules derived from maggot secretions to the wound bed. Here we describe the fabrication of a novel bioactive scaffold that can be loaded with Lucilia sericata maggot alimentary excretion/secretion fluids (L. sericata maggot E/S), and which can also provide structural stability for mammalian cell-growth and migration to support wound repair. Electrospun scaffolds were prepared from a poly(caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)–block copolymer (PCL-b-PEG) blended with PCL with average fibre diameters of ~ 4 μm. The scaffolds were hydrophilic and were able to support viable fibroblasts that were able to infiltrate throughout the extent of the scaffold thickness. L. sericata maggot (E/S) was subsequently adsorbed to the surface and released over 21 days with retention of the protease activity that is responsible for supporting fibroblast migration. The incorporation of L. sericata maggot E/S on the surface of the electrospun fibres of PCL-PEG/PCL fibres is a novel approach with potential for future application to support skin wound healing within a clinical setting.
Transcription factor CsESE3 positively modulates both jasmonic acid and wax biosynthesis in citrus
Authors: Wan Haoliang , Qiu Haiji , Li Zhuoran , Zhang Xiaoliang , Zhang Jingyu , Jiang Deyuan , Fernie Alisdair R. , Lyu Yi , Cheng Yunjiang , Wen Weiwei
Published: November 2022

PLIP lipases can initiate jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. However, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of this process. In this study, an ERF transcription factor (CsESE3) was found to be co-expressed with all necessary genes for JA biosynthesis and several key genes for wax biosynthesis in transcriptomes of ‘Newhall’ navel orange. CsESE3 shows partial sequence similarity to the well-known wax regulator SHINEs (SHNs), but lacks a complete MM protein domain. Ectopic overexpression of CsESE3 in tomato (OE) resulted in reduction of fruit surface brightness and dwarf phenotype compared to the wild type. The OE tomato lines also showed significant increases in the content of wax and JA and the expression of key genes related to their biosynthesis. Overexpression of CsESE3 in citrus callus and fruit enhanced the JA content and the expression of JA biosynthetic genes. Furthermore, CsESE3 could bind to and activate the promoters of two phospholipases from the PLIP gene family to initiate JA biosynthesis. Overall, this study indicated that CsESE3 could mediate JA biosynthesis by activating PLIP genes and positively modulate wax biosynthesis. The findings provide important insights into the coordinated control of two defense strategies of plants represented by wax and JA biosynthesis.
Caesar Rules
Authors: Hekster Olivier
Published: November 2022

For centuries, Roman emperors ruled a vast empire. Yet, at least officially, the emperor did not exist. No one knew exactly what titles he possessed, how he could be portrayed, what exactly he had to do, or how the succession was organised. Everyone knew, however, that the emperor held ultimate power over the empire. There were also expectations about what he should do and be, although these varied throughout the empire and also evolved over time. How did these expectations develop and change? To what degree could an emperor deviate from prevailing norms? And what role did major developments in Roman society – such as the rise of Christianity or the choice of Constantinople as the new capital – play in the ways in which emperors could exercise their rule? This ambitious and engaging book describes the surprising stability of the Roman Empire over more than six centuries of history.
Biological Cognition
Authors: Huebner Bryce , Schulkin Jay
Published: November 2022

This Element introduces a biological approach to cognition, which highlights the significance of allostatic regulation and the navigation of challenges and opportunities. It argues that cognition is best understood as a juggling act, which reflects numerous ongoing attempts to minimize disruptions while prioritizing the sources of information that are necessary to satisfy social and biological needs; and it provides a characterization of the architectural constraints, neurotransmitters, and affective states that shape visual perception, as well as the regulatory capacities that sustain flexible patterns of thought and behavior.
Huygens and Hofwijck
Authors: van der Leer Kees , Boers Henk
Published: November 2022

Constantijn Huygens was a poet, composer and connoisseur of art and the classics. He was also secretary and confidant to three princes of Orange for 62 years. Hofwijck was also the place where Constantijn's son Christiaan spent a significant part of his life. Christiaan Huygens was a member of the Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge and became one of the greatest inventors and scientists. At the end of his life, at Hofwijck, he wrote Cosmotheoros, his magnum opus on the universe. At Huygens's Hofwijck we look at the seventeenth century through the eyes of these two versatile men. With Constantijn and Christiaan, the story is about literature, art, music, politics, the House of Orange, science and life at a seventeenth-century country estate.
Cingulate cortical thickness in cocaine use disorder: mediation effect between early life stress and cocaine consumption
Authors: Bittencourt Augusto Martins Lucas , Silveira Bárbara Luiza Belmonte da , Tondo Lucca Pizzato , Rothmann Leonardo Melo , Franco Alexandre Rosa , Ferreira Pedro Eugenio Mazzucchi Santana , Viola Thiago Wendt , Grassi-Oliveira Rodrigo
Published: November 2022

Objective:

The cingulate gyrus is implicated in the neurobiology of addiction, such as chronic cocaine consumption. Early life stress (ELS) is an important moderator of cocaine use disorder (CUD). Therefore, we investigated the effect of CUD on cingulate cortical thickness and tested whether a history of ELS could influence the effects of CUD.

Methods:

Participants aged 18–50 years (78 with CUD due to crack cocaine consumption and 53 healthy controls) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and the cingulate thickness (rostral anterior, caudal anterior, posterior, and isthmus regions) was analysed. The clinical assessment comprised the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Addiction Severity Index. Group comparisons adjusting by sex, age, and education were performed. Mediation models were generated where lifetime cocaine use, CTQ score, and cortical thickness corresponded to the independent variable, intermediary variable, and outcome, respectively.

Results:

Group comparisons revealed significant differences in six out of eight cingulate cortices, showing lower thickness in the CUD group. Furthermore, years of regular cocaine use was the variable most associated with cingulate thickness. Negative correlations were found between CTQ scores and the isthmus cingulate (right hemisphere), as well as with the rostral anterior cingulate (left hemisphere). In the mediation analysis, we observed a significant negative direct effect of lifetime cocaine use on the isthmus cingulate and an indirect effect of cocaine use mediated by CTQ score.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that a history of ELS could aggravate the negative effects of chronic cocaine use on the cingulate gyrus, particularly in the right isthmus cingulate cortex
ANALYTIC SPREAD OF FILTRATIONS ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL NORMAL LOCAL RINGS
Authors: CUTKOSKY STEVEN DALE
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we prove that a classical theorem by McAdam about the analytic spread of an ideal in a Noetherian local ring continues to be true for divisorial filtrations on a two-dimensional normal excellent local ringR, and that the Hilbert polynomial of the fiber cone of a divisorial filtration onRhas a Hilbert function which is the sum of a linear polynomial and a bounded function. We prove these theorems by first studying asymptotic properties of divisors on a resolution of singularities of the spectrum ofR. The filtration of the symbolic powers of an ideal is an example of a divisorial filtration. Divisorial filtrations are often not Noetherian, giving a significant difference in the classical case of filtrations of powers of ideals and divisorial filtrations.
Understanding collaboration patterns on funded research projects: A network analysis
Authors: Smith Matthew , Sarabi Yasaman , Christopoulos Dimitris
Published: November 2022

This paper provides an examination of inter-organizational collaboration in the UK research system. Data are collected on organizational collaboration on projects funded by four key UK research councils: Arts and Humanities Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. The organizational partnerships include both academic and nonacademic institutions. A collaboration network is created for each research council, and an exponential random graph model is applied to inform on the mechanisms underpinning collaborative tie formation on research council-funded projects. We find that in the sciences, collaborative patterns are much more hierarchical and concentrated in a small handful of actors compared to the social sciences and humanities projects. Institutions that are members of the elite Russell Group (a set of 24 high-ranking UK universities) are much more likely to be involved in collaborations across research councils.
Double relative commutants in coronas of separable C*-algebras
Authors: Kučerovský Dan , Mathieu Martin
Published: November 2022

We prove a double commutant theorem for separable subalgebras of a wide class of corona C*-algebras, largely resolving a problem posed by Pedersen in 1988. Double commutant theorems originated with von Neumann, whose seminal result evolved into an entire field now called von Neumann algebra theory. Voiculescu later proved a C*-algebraic double commutant theorem for subalgebras of the Calkin algebra. We prove a similar result for subalgebras of a much more general class of so-called corona C*-algebras.
Risk factors for the development of opioid use disorder after first opioid prescription: a Swedish national study
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Lönn Sara L. , Ektor-Andersen John , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: November 2022

Background

We need to better understand the frequency and predictors of opioid use disorder (OUD) after first opioid prescription (OP).

Methods

We followed 1 516 392 individuals from the Swedish population born 1980–2000, from 1 July 2007, until 31 Dec 2017. We examined putative risk predictors with univariable and multivariable Cox Models and the potential causal effects of predictors by propensity score and co-sibling analyses.

Result

Of the individuals in our cohort, 24.8% (375 404) received a first OP, of whom 3034 (0.90%) developed a subsequent first OUD. The hazard ratio (HR) (± 95% CIs) for OUD after OP equaled 7.10 (6.75–7.46), with a mean time to onset of 3.41 (2.39) years. The strongest putative risk factors for development of OUD after OP were prior psychiatric and substance use disorders, criminal behavior, parental divorce/death, poor school performance, current community deprivation, divorce, and male sex. Few predictors differed across sexes. OP renewal was associated with a HR of 3.66 (3.41–3.93) for OUD. Co-sibling and propensity score analyses suggested that at least a moderate proportion of the risk factor-OUD association was likely causal. A risk score to predict OUD after OP had an AUC of 0.85, where nearly 60% of cases scoring in the top decile.

Conclusions

In a general population sample, an OP represents a substantial risk factor for subsequent OUD. Many of the risk factors for OUD after OP can be readily assessed at the time of potential OP, permitting clinicians to evaluate the risk of iatrogenic OUD.
A Note on Learning, House Prices, and Macro-Financial Linkages
Authors: Gandré Pauline
Published: November 2022

In the USA, the linkages between the housing market, the credit market, and the real sector have been striking in the past decades. To explain these linkages, I develop a small-scale dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in which agents update non-rational beliefs about future house price growth, in accord with recent survey data evidence. Both standard productivity shocks and shocks in the credit sector generate endogenously persistent booms in house prices. Long-lasting excess volatility in house prices, in turn, affects the financial sector and propagates to the real sector. This amplification and propagation mechanism improves the ability of the model to explain empirical puzzles in the US housing market and to explain the macro-financial linkages during 1985−2019. The learning model can also replicate the predictability of forecast errors evidenced in recent survey data.
Managing repugnance: how core-stigma shapes firm behavior
Authors: Dekker Erwin , Gradoz Julien
Published: November 2022

This article argues for the need for the empirical analysis of how firms manage repugnance and core-stigmatization. To develop our empirical perspective, we compare the work on repugnance with the existing empirical literature in management on core-stigma and argue that core-stigmatization results from the mobilized repugnance. The core-stigmatized firm faces higher transaction costs. We demonstrate, through a case-study of the strategies of MindGeek/Pornhub in the online pornography market, how transaction costs economics can explain the choice of strategies to deal with core-stigma. Under most conditions, the increased transaction costs lead to vertical and lateral integration of the firm. In a dynamic setting, rival firms might use stigmatization to prevent the entry of a new competitor. Our second case-study on the early decades of the mail-order company Sears, Roebuck, and Company illustrates that repugnance, including racial discrimination, was mobilized by competitors to block the entry of the firm into the market.
Automated assessment of infant motor development to predict infant age: The determination of objective metrics of spontaneous kicking
Authors: Fry-Hilderbrand Katelyn , Chen Yu-Ping , Howard Ayanna
Published: November 2022

Though early intervention can improve outcomes for children with motor disabilities, delays in diagnosis can impact the success of intervention programs. Prior work indicates that spontaneous kicking patterns can be used to model typical infant motor development to assist in the early detection of motor delays. However, abnormalities in spontaneous movements are not well defined or readily observable through traditional functional assessments. In this research, a method is introduced for the early detection of delays through the assessment of spontaneous kicking data gathered using a wearable sensing suit. We present formulations of kinematic features identified in the clinical space, identify which features are significant predictors of infant age, and establish normative values. Finally, we offer an analysis of preterm (PT) infant data compared to normative values derived from term infants. Term and PT infants ranging in age from 1 to 10 months were studied. We found that frequency, duration, acceleration, inter-joint coordination, and maximum joint excursion metrics had a significant correlation with age. From these features, models of typical kicking development were created using data from term, typically developing infants. When compared to normative trends, PT infants display differing developmental trends.
Assessment of Participation in Pediatric Neuropsychology
Authors: Pletschko Thomas , Knasmüller Stephanie , Schwarzinger Agathe , Weiler-Wichtl Liesa , Slavc Irene , Deimann Pia , Kastner-Koller Ursula , Hansl Rita , Leiss Ulrike
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Pediatric patients with chronic health conditions often suffer from social and academic exclusion. Since disease-centered assessments do not allow for differentiated biopsychosocial profiling, this study aims to evaluate the psychometric quality of “The School Participation Scales 24/7,” a novel ICF-CY-based assessment tool. Results show high fit indices for most subscales, signifying structural equality between the tool and the ICF-CY. Acceptable criterion validity is given for established neuropsychological tests. Internal consistency and retest analyses revealed that most subscales reliably and stably measure the intended domains. Finally, the tool was standardized using a representative healthy sample. In summary, the S-PS 24/7 represents a useful tool for measuring school participation in pediatric patients, thereby building a profound basis for effective interventions.
Compulsive Exercise, Exercise Identity, and Coping Styles
Authors: Pike Caitlin , Taylor Amanda M. , Cosh Suzanne
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Compulsive exercise occurs among the general exercise population and is associated with adverse mental and physical health outcomes. The current study explored compulsive exercise behavior regarding coping styles and its relationship to identity to improve our understanding of compulsive exercise among the general exercise population. A community sample of 1,209 adults (aged 18 – 89) with varied exercise levels completed an online survey. We examined the relationships between engagement and disengagement coping styles (as assessed by the Coping Strategy Inventory) and exercise identity (Exercise Identity Scale) with compulsive exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test) using correlation, regression, and moderation analyses. Emotion-focused engagement (β = .075, p < .01) and emotion-focused disengagement (β = .212, p < .001) coping styles significantly predicted compulsive exercise, as did exercise identity (β = .514, p < .001). Coping styles did not moderate the relationship between exercise identity and compulsive exercise behaviors. The results indicate that both adaptive and maladaptive emotion-based coping styles are associated with greater compulsive exercise behavior.
Understanding the Structural Components Behind the Psychological	Effects of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) With Machine Learning and	Experimental Methods
Authors: Tan Ryan , Shoenberger Heather , Cong Weilin , Mahdavi Mehrdad
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) is a tingling sensation occurring in response to specific sensory stimuli. Scholarship has yet to investigate what attributes these stimuli possess that allows them to facilitate desirable emotional effects through such atypical psycho-sensorial experiences. In this exploratory investigation, Study 1 utilized machine learning methods to categorize ASMR content based on their sound structures. Four categories emerged that were then used in a second study that utilized an online experiment ( N = 230) to investigate relationships between the categories of sound structures and participants’ psychological experiences of ASMR. These findings help us understand how ASMR content generates arousal and affect that audiences seek.
Diverging Fates of the Pacific Ocean Oxygen Minimum Zone and Its Core in a Warming World
Authors: Busecke Julius J. M. , Resplandy Laure , Ditkovsky Sam J. , John Jasmin G.
Published: November 2022

Global ocean oxygen loss is projected to persist in the future, but Earth system models (ESMs) have not yet provided a consistent picture of how it will influence the largest oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the tropical Pacific. We examine the change in the Pacific OMZ volume in an ensemble of ESMs from the CMIP6 archive, considering a broad range of oxygen (O2) thresholds relevant to biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems (5–160 µmol/kg). Despite OMZ biases in the historical period of the simulations, the ESM ensemble projections consistently fall into three regimes across ESMs: an expansion of low oxygenated waters (+0.8 [0.6, 1.0] × 1016 m3/century for O2 ≤ 120 µmol/kg, ESM median and interquartile range); a slight contraction of the OMZ core although more uncertain across ESMs (−0.1 [−0.5, 0.0] × 1016 m3/century for O2 ≤ 20 µmol/kg); and at the transition from contraction to expansion regimes, a spatial redistribution but near‐zero change in the volume of hypoxic waters (0.0 [−0.3, +0.1] × 1016 m3/century for O2 ≤ 60 µmol/kg). Changes in circulation and biology dictate the shift from expansion to contraction. Specifically, reduced subtropical ventilation controls the expansion of low oxygenated waters, while a combination of circulation and biological changes explains the contraction of the core (likely changes in mixing, reduced intermediate ventilation and oxygen demand). Increased model complexity (e.g., ecosystem dynamics and equatorial circulation) likely stabilize the OMZ response, suggesting that future changes might lie in the lower bound of current projections. The expansion of low oxygenated waters which delimit the optimum habitat of numerous marine species would severely impact ecosystems and ecosystem services.
Future Seasonal Changes in Extreme Precipitation Scale With Changes in the Mean
Authors: Bador Margot , Alexander Lisa V.
Published: November 2022

Atmospheric warming results in an intensification of annual precipitation over the globe but large uncertainties remain regionally and at seasonal scales, especially for extremes. Using 29 models from the Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we investigate future seasonal changes in extreme precipitation (under the scenario SSP5‐8.5) and how it compares to changes in mean precipitation. Over land, we find a strong intensification of the wettest day in all seasons over the mid and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and over India during the monsoon. Extreme intensity decreases in the subtropics for some seasons, including over large regions around the Mediterranean basin and Southern Africa, and these drying patterns are not apparent in annual results. The key finding is that the CMIP6 multi‐model mean always shows that seasonal changes in mean and extreme precipitation align where there is high model agreement. That is, in all seasons by the end of the 21st century, extremes intensify in regions where mean precipitation increases and decline where mean precipitation decreases. This should not hide inherent uncertainties associated, namely the large range of changes intensity that can be found across the models, and an important modulation of the changes by internal variability. Yet, this study shows that the multi‐model mean shows broad consistency such that future seasonal changes in mean precipitation could be used to infer future changes in extremes (and vice versa), thus providing valuable information for risk planning and mitigation strategies.
Bacteria Travel Thousands of Kilometers on Airborne Dust
Authors: Smith Derek
Published: November 2022

As winds pick up dirt and sand, they also pick up any microbes adhering to those particles, potentially introducing them to new locations.
Coordinated Observations of Migrating Tides by Multiple Meteor Radars in the Equatorial Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere
Authors: Wang Jianyuan , Yi Wen , Wu Jianfei , Chen Tingdi , Xue Xianghui , Zeng Jie , Vincent Robert A. , Reid Iain M. , Batista Paulo P. , Buriti Ricardo A. , Tsuda Toshitaka , Mitchell Nicholas J. , Dou Xiankang
Published: November 2022

We present the migrating tidal winds decomposed jointly from multiple meteor radars in four longitudinal sectors situated in the equatorial mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The radars are located in Cariri, Brazil (7.4°S, 36.5°W), Kototabang, Indonesia (0.2°S, 100.3°E), Ascension Island, United Kingdom (7.9° S, 14.4° W), and Darwin, Australia (12.3°S, 130.8°E). Harmonic analysis was used to obtain amplitudes and phases for diurnal and semidiurnal solar migrating tides between 82 and 98 km altitude during the period 2005–2008. To verify the reliability of the tidal components calculated by the four meteor radar wind measurements, we also present a similar analysis for the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model winds, which suggests that the migrating tides are well observed by the four different radars. The tides include the important tidal components of diurnal westward‐propagating zonal wavenumber 1 and semidiurnal westward‐propagating zonal wavenumber 2. In addition, the results based on observations were compared with the Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere (CTMT). In general, in terms of climatic features, our results for the major components of migrating tides are qualitatively consistent with the CTMT models derived from satellite data. In addition, the tidal amplitudes are unusually stronger in January–February 2006. This result is probably because tides were enhanced by the 2006 Northern Hemisphere stratospheric sudden warming event.