bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autobiographical Script-Driven Imagery Has No Detectable Effect on Emotion Regulation in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Köhler Stephan , Weilnhammer Veith Andreas , Walter Henrik , Erk Susanne , Sterzer Philipp , Guhn Anne
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Emotion regulation (ER), the ability to actively modulate one’s own emotion reactions, likely depends on the individual’s current emotional state. Here, we investigated whether negative emotions induced by an interpersonal autobiographic script affect the neuronal processes underlying ER. Methods: Twenty healthy participants were recruited and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of distancing, a specific ER strategy, while viewing emotionally arousing pictures. Participants were instructed to either naturally experience (“permit” condition) or to actively downregulate (“regulate” condition) their emotional responses to the presented stimuli. Before each of the 4 runs in total, a neutral or negative autobiographical audio script was presented. The negative script comprised an emotionally negative event from childhood or adolescence that represented either emotional abuse or emotional neglect. The second event comprised an everyday neutral situation. We aimed at identifying the neural correlates of ER and their modulation by script-driven imagery. Results: fMRI analyses testing for greater responses in the “regulate” than the “permit” condition replicated previously reported neural correlates of ER in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right inferior parietal lobule. A significant ER effect was also observed in the left orbitofrontal cortex. In the amygdala, we found greater responses in the “permit” compared to the “regulate” condition. We did not observe a significant modulation of the ER effects in any of these regions by the negative emotional state induced by autobiographical scripts. Bayesian statistics confirmed the absence of such modulations by providing marginal evidence for null effects. Discussion: While we replicated previously reported neural correlates of ER, we found no evidence for an effect of mood induction with individualized autobiographical scripts on the neural processes underlying ER in healthy participants.
Interpretive Errors in Fine-Needle Aspiration of Thyroid: A 13-Year Institutional Experience in Lebanon
Authors: Khaled Chirine S. , Khalifeh Ibrahim M. , Shabb Nina S.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a worldwide established diagnostic tool for the assessment of patients with thyroid nodules. All thyroid FNA interpretive errors (IEs) were reviewed at the American University of Beirut Medical Center over a 13-year period, in order to identify and analyze them. Materials and Methods: All FNAs and their corresponding pathology results are correlated yearly for quality assurance. Discrepant cases are segregated into sampling errors and IEs. All thyroid FNAs with IEs were collected from 2005 to 2017. FNA and pathology slides were reviewed by trained, board-certified cytopathologists, adhering to the latest Bethesda criteria. Reasons for erroneous diagnoses were studied. Results: There was a total of 11 IEs out of 340 thyroid FNAs followed by surgical resection. Five benign follicular nodules (BFNs) were misinterpreted as suspicious for carcinoma. Focal nuclear atypia in cyst-lining or follicular cells and a monotonous population of macrophages misinterpreted as Hurthle cells (HCs) were the causes of IEs in this category. Four Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) cases were misinterpreted as suspicious for malignancy. Innate atypia of HCs and sampling misinterpretation were the causes of IEs in HT. One medullary and 1 follicular carcinoma were misinterpreted as suspicious for follicular neoplasm and BFN, respectively. Nine cases were better classified after review. Conclusion: Thyroid FNA IEs can be mitigated by meticulous screening and identification of all elements on FNA smears. Awareness of focal nuclear atypia in reactive cyst-lining and follicular cells in BFN, as well as HCs in HT, is highlighted. Adherence to The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology and consulting experienced cytopathologists significantly decrease IEs.
Growth Arrest Specific-6 and Axl Coordinate Inflammation and Hypertension
Authors: Van Beusecum Justin P. , Barbaro Natalia R. , Smart Charles D. , Patrick David M. , Loperena Roxana , Zhao Shilin , de la Visitacion Nestor , Ao Mingfang , Xiao Liang , Shibao Cyndya A. , Harrison David G.
Published: September 2021

Rationale:

There is an intimate relationship between the endothelium and monocytes, and activated endothelial cells promote monocyte transformation to macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Recently, a subset of human DCs expressing the receptor tyrosine kinase, Axl and the lectin siglec-6 has been described and termed (AS) DCs.

Objective:

We sought to determine if circulating AS DCs are increased in human hypertension and to examine how Axl signaling contributes to this disease.

Methods and Results:

We demonstrated that circulating AS DCs are increased in hypertensive humans compared with normotensive controls. Pulse pressure in humans also correlated with plasma levels of the Axl agonist GAS6 (growth arrest specific 6). Exposure of human endothelial cells to 10% cyclical stretch increased release of the GAS6, promoted Axl signaling and caused AS DC formation; events that were inhibited by blockade of Axl with R428 or by siRNA knockdown of either endothelial GAS6 or Axl. GAS6/Axl signaling in human monocytes potentiated interleukin 1β production through NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich tepeat and pyrin domain containing protein)/caspase-1 and caused accumulation of immunogenic isoLG (isolevuglandin)-protein adducts. In mice, the Axl inhibitor R428 or global deletion of Axl attenuated hypertension and renal inflammation caused by Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion. Bone marrow transplant studies demonstrated a role of both stromal and immunologic Axl in Ang II–induced hypertension. Lastly, in freshly harvested human endothelial cells, a striking correlation was observed between the degree of endothelial cell activation as reflected by ICAM-1 (intracellular adhesion molecule 1), isoLG-adduct accumulation, and intracellular GAS6 levels.

Conclusions:

We define a previously unrecognized interaction of human endothelial cells and monocytes that promote formation of AS DCs in hypertension and show a critical role of GAS6 and Axl signaling in both immune cells and endothelial cells. This pathway is potentially a novel therapeutic target to reduce inflammation and end organ damage in hypertension.
Peptide Blocking Self-Polymerization of Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Xiao Rui , Luo Shengquan , Zhang Ting , Lv Yankai , Wang Tao , Zhang Jiwei , Su Yuan , Ruiz Matthieu , Dupuis Jocelyn , Zhu Liping , Hu Qinghua
Published: September 2021

Activation of the CaSR (extracellular calcium-sensing receptor) has been recognized as a critical mediator of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Preventive targeting of the early initiating phase as well as downstream events after CaSR activation remains unexplored. As a representative of the G protein-coupled receptor family, CaSR polymerizes on cell surface upon stimulation. Immunoblotting together with MAL-PEG technique identified a reactive oxygen species-sensitive CaSR polymerization through its extracellular domain in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells upon exposure to acute hypoxia. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer screening employing blocking peptides determined that cycteine129/131 residues in the extracellular domain of CaSR formed intermolecular disulfide bonds to promote CaSR polymerization. The monitoring of intracellular Ca
2+
signal highlighted the pivotal role of CaSR polymerization in its activation. In contrast, the blockade of disulfide bonds formation using a peptide decreased both CaSR and hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor expression as well as other hypoxic-related genes in vitro and in vivo and attenuated pulmonary hypertension development in rats. The blocking peptide did not affect systemic arterial oxygenation in vivo but inhibited acute hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed a more efficient lung delivery of peptide by inhaled nebulizer compared to intravenous injection. In addition, the blocking peptide did not affect systemic arterial pressure, body weight, left ventricular function, liver, or kidney function or plasma Ca
2+
level. In conclusion, a peptide blocking CaSR polymerization reduces its hypoxia-induced activation and downstream events leading to pulmonary hypertension and represents an attractive inhaled preventive alternative worthy of further development.
Chronic 3D Vascular-Immune Interface Established by Coculturing Pressurized Resistance Arteries and Immune Cells
Authors: Carnevale Daniela , Carnevale Lorenzo , Perrotta Sara , Pallante Fabio , Migliaccio Agnese , Iodice Daniele , Perrotta Marialuisa , Lembo Giuseppe
Published: September 2021

Chronic exposure of the arterial vasculature to high blood pressure recruits immune cells and contributes to the vascular remodeling, dysfunction, and inflammation observed in hypertension. The mechanisms underlying the interaction between vascular and immune cells remain unknown, hampering the development of effective therapies targeting the vascular-immune interface. Overcoming these limitations requires a reliable, physiologically relevant experimental model of vascular-immune interface. By coculturing a 3-dimensional organ culture vascular system with immune cells of interest, we reproduced ex vivo the vascular-immune interface that occurs in hypertension. In the 3-dimensional vascular-immune interface model, CD8 but not CD4 T cells isolated from hypertensive mice increased the contractile properties of resistance arteries in naive mice, indicating that CD8 lymphocytes directly contribute to enhanced peripheral resistance in hypertension. RNA sequencing of CD8 lymphocytes isolated from prehypertensive mice revealed upregulation of gene pathways involved in chemotaxis, response to IFN-γ and other external stimuli, MAPK cascade activation, and positive regulation of intracellular calcium fluxes, as compared with CD4 T cells. Taken together, these results indicate that hypertensive stimuli program CD8 T cells toward a phenotype with promigratory properties that might account for their ability to enhance myogenic tone of resistance arteries when cocultured in the 3-dimensional system. Here, we demonstrate modeling a 3-dimensional organ culture vascular system that recapitulates the in vivo physiological properties of resistance arteries. This platform holds on a substantial translational potential, not only for hypertension but also for other cardiovascular diseases where vascular-immune interfaces are established and relevant for onset and progression of the disease.
TÜRKİYE İÇİN SAĞLIK HARCAMALARI, CO2 EMİSYONLARI VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DAĞ Mehmet , KIZILKAYA Fatma
Published: September 2021

Ekonomik büyüme, çevresel bozulma ve sağlık harcamaları arasındaki ilişki, son zamanlarda hem gelişmekte olan hem de gelişmiş ülkeler için ekonomi literatüründe önemi giderek artan bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, sağlık harcamaları, CO2 emisyonları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye için 1975-2019 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılmıştır. Serilerin durağanlık özelliği ADF ve PP birim kök testleri kullanılarak sınanmıştır. İlk farklılıkları alındığında tüm değişkenlerin durağan olduğu tespit edilmiş ve ardından eşbütünleşme analizi yapılmıştır. Değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli pozitif ve anlamlı ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Fourier nedensellik testi sonuçları ise CO2 emisyonundan sağlık harcamalarına ve büyümeden CO2 emisyonuna doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu göstermektedir.
Guilty Until Proven Innocent? The EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime’s Potential Reversal of the Burden of Proof
Authors: Al-Nassar Hanine , Neele Eveline , Nishioka Shingo , Luthra Vedika
Published: September 2021

This article explores the extent to which the European Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime (eughrsr) should be deemed to contain punitive elements, and if such elements do exist, how the principle of presumption of innocence should be applied to the targeted entity. Taking into account the Engel-criteria, literature research and existing national human rights sanctions regimes, we claim that under specific circumstances the Regime could be considered punitive, and argue that in such situations, certain safeguards with regard to the burden of proof require additional attention.
“Our Age”: Frederick the Great, Classical Warfare, and the Uses and Abuses of Military History
Authors: Storring Adam L.
Published: September 2021

Whereas the long-running Military Revolution debate has focused primarily on changes in military technology and the growth of states in early modern Europe, the example of King Frederick ii (“the Great”) of Prussia highlights how changes in the character of war were perceived by contemporaries, and how they used narratives of change for rhetorical purposes. Frederick and his contemporaries saw their own time as more intellectually advanced than any previous age, and this narrative of intellectual progress existed alongside a narrative of states bringing order. Frederick articulated largely consistent ideas about military history, but also used concepts of the superiority of “our age” to extoll the virtues of his own oblique order of battle, and manipulated narratives of technological change to apologise for his own mistakes. Frederick also turned to an idealised classical world – particularly Julius Caesar – to envisage conquests that went beyond the limits of his own day.
Corrections to the nomenclature of sawskates (Rajiformes, Sclerorhynchoidei)
Authors: GREENFIELD TYLER
Published: September 2021

The sawskates, suborder Sclerorhynchoidei Cappetta, 1980, are divided into five families currently known as Ischyrhizidae Cope, 1875, Sclerorhynchidae Arambourg, 1952, Schizorhizidae Kirkland & Aguillón-Martínez, 2002 (stat. nov.), Ptychotrygonidae Kriwet et al., 2009, and Onchopristidae Villalobos-Segura et al., 2021. For Sclerorhynchidae in particular, there are misconceptions about its authorship and priority. Recent authors (e.g., Martill & Ibrahim 2012; Cook et al. 2014; Delgadillo-Escobar et al. 2015; Amalfitano et al. 2017; Van der Laan 2018; Sternes & Shimada 2019) have misattributed the authorship to Cappetta (1974). However, it was originally named as Sclerorhynchinae by Arambourg (1952) and the authorship should be attributed to him under the Principle of Coordination. It is also predated by Ganopristidae Arambourg, 1940, which has priority since the type genera are considered synonyms. Additionally, the spelling of Onchopristis numidus is here emended to O. numida to fix a grammatical error.
Fabrikirkia nom. nov (Annelida, Sabellida, Fabriciidae), new replacement name for the junior homonym Parafabricia Fitzhugh, 1992
Authors: LÓPEZ EDUARDO , CEPEDA DIEGO
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this note is to replace the generic name Parafabricia Fitzhugh, 1992 (Annelida, Sabellida, Fabriciidae), preoccupied by Parafabricia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1894 (Hexapoda, Diptera, Tachinidae), with a new replacement name, in accordance with the principles of Priority and of Homonymy of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Anonymous 1999; ‘the Code’ below).
Tritesia, a new substitute name for Tetrisia Walker, 1867 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Authors: BERNAL RODRIGO
Published: September 2021

The genus Tetrisia (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) was established by Walker (1867b: 186) for a new species of moth from Colombia. A homographic name, however, had been proposed almost five months earlier by Walker himself (1867a: 111‒112) for a genus of shieldbugs (Heteroptera, Plataspidae) from Singapore. In neither case did Walker give an etymology for the name Tetrisia, but Waldkircher et al. (2004) have speculated that for the heteropteran genus it might allude to the unusual four-segmented antennae, as most plataspids have five antennal segments. Insterestingly, however, Walker did not mention the number of segments in his description.
A new species of the bark louse genus Clematoscenea (Psocodea: Psocidae) from Xizang, China
Authors: JIE LULAN , LIU XINGYUE
Published: September 2021

A new species of the bark louse genus Clematoscenea Enderlein, 1907, namely Clematoscenea biprocessus sp. n., is described from Xizang Autonomous Region, China. The new species can be diagnosed by the forewing with a nearly V-shaped brown marking on proximal half in female but hyaline on corresponding region in male, and by the abdomen dorsally with a yellow band. Keys to species of Clematoscenea based on male and female characters are also provided.
Asymmetric Hurricane Boundary Layer Structure during Storm Decay. Part I: Formation of Descending Inflow
Authors: Ahern Kyle , Hart Robert E. , Bourassa Mark A.
Published: September 2021

In this first part of a two-part study, the three-dimensional structure of the inner-core boundary layer (BL) is investigated in a full-physics simulation of Hurricane Irma (2017). The BL structure is highlighted during periods of intensity change, with focus on features and mechanisms associated with storm decay. The azimuthal structure of the BL is shown to be linked to the vertical wind shear and storm motion. The BL inflow becomes more asymmetric under increased shear. As BL inflow asymmetry amplifies, asymmetries in the low-level primary circulation and thermodynamic structure develop. A mechanism is identified to explain the onset of pronounced structural asymmetries in coincidence with external forcing (e.g., through shear) that would amplify BL inflow along limited azimuth. The mechanism assumes enhanced advection of absolute angular momentum along the path of the amplified inflow (e.g., amplified downshear), which results in local spinup of the vortex and development of strong supergradient flow downwind and along the BL top. The associated agradient force results in the outward acceleration of air immediately above the BL inflow, affecting fields including divergence, vertical motion, entropy advection, and inertial stability. In this simulation, descending inflow in coincidence with amplified shear is identified as the conduit through which low-entropy air enters the inner-core BL, thereby hampering convection downwind and resulting in storm decay.
Impact of the Pandemic on Livelihood and Food Security: An Empirical Analysis of the PDS in Delhi
Authors: Ngullie O. Grace , Ansari Arib Ahmad
Published: September 2021

The sheer extent of the Covid-19 pandemic and its crippling effect on the entire economy gave cold creeps. Suddenly the fragile, one-of-a-kind arrangement through which the daily wagers and the migrant workers were surviving broke down with the imposition of the lockdown, and we had a novel disaster on our hands. In such a hanging-by-thread situation, the adversely affected poor had to rely on the government machinery for sustenance. We attempt to undertake a first-hand evidence-based study of the implementation of the Public Distribution System in Delhi while examining the impact of the pandemic on livelihood and food security. Some policy gaps that we have identified include inconsistency with the quantity and quality of rations received and promised, exclusion and ultimately access to food. Based on the empirical examination of the specific problems faced by the poor on the ground, we recommend policy solutions corresponding to those specific problems which include utilising modern and emerging technologies, creating new cadre for monitoring and upwardly revising the allocation.
Households’ Choices and Their Drivers to Rural Non-Farm Livelihood Diversification in West Bengal, India
Authors: Ghosh Manoranjan , Ghosal Somnath
Published: September 2021

There are inadequate empirical studies on non-farm livelihood choices of rural households in the state of West Bengal, India. This study aims to explore the determinants that effect the choice of households to engage in non-farm economic activities. The present study found that non-farm livelihood diversification factors are more heterogeneous and mainly depend on households’ strategic decisions. A household’s choice of non-farm livelihood activity is determined by binary aspects opportunity-driven versus distress-driven, but it is a complex transformation phenomenon. It has been noticed that within the non-farm livelihoods, share of wage labour (38.3%) is higher, followed by non-farm businesses (19.8%), service providers (18.0%), and salaried jobs (3.4%). The location and distance to the town from the households, food insecurity, and agricultural land size are more influential and statistically significant factors in choosing non-farm livelihood practices. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) has negatively impacted rural non-farm livelihood activities. There is an 18% and 39% probability of reducing non-farm business and services compared to the increasing MGNREGA work opportunities. Moreover, the likelihood of non-farm business choices has increased by 56% due to rainfall and temperature-change-induced disasters.
First Person: Juggling through a teacher education program
Authors: Knowles Trudy
Published: September 2021

When Trudy Knowles needed a change in her elementary curriculum class, she decided to teach her students to juggle. Her excuse was that juggling would impress their future students, but she soon realized that learning a skill like juggling can give teachers a better understanding of how students feel when they learn something new. Here, she shares some of the insight the future teachers in her class gained from learning to juggle.
Under the Law: Expanding access to preK and the legacy of Abbott v. Burke
Authors: Kim Robert
Published: September 2021

In the 1998 Abbott v. Burke decision, New Jersey’s highest court because the first in the nation to require access to high-quality preK education for three- and four-year olds as part of their constitutional right to K-12 public education. Robert Kim describes the legal landscape in New Jersey leading up to the decision and discusses the legacy of Abbott in New Jersey and its possible national influence.
Tube-model predictive control based on sum of squares for hypersonic vehicle with state-dependent input constraints
Authors: Yang Xiaohe , Lv Weijie , Hu Chaofang , Hu Yongtai
Published: September 2021

In this paper, tube-model predictive control based on the sum of squares technique is developed for hypersonic vehicles with state-dependent input constraints. Firstly, the longitudinal non-linear model in the presence of uncertain parameters is transformed into the polytopic linear parameter varying model with bounded disturbance by feedback linearization. Then the actual input constraints are converted to the virtual state-dependent input constraints in linear multivariable polynomial. A composite feedback control law based on tube-model predictive control is designed into a convex combination of unconstrained and constrained control. The real control law can be obtained by inversion. The sum of squares technique is used to transform the polynomial constraints into the convex matrix sum of squares condition via linear matrix inequality. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Event-triggered robust tracking control for fractional-order uncertain systems
Authors: Feng Tian , Wu Baowei , Chen YangQuan
Published: September 2021

In this paper, based on event-triggered (ET) mechanisms, the problem of output tracking for a class of fractional-order uncertain systems with order [Formula: see text] is investigated. Owing to the difficulties of measuring system full-state in practice, output tracking error is firstly used to construct an ET condition, which eventually decides whether the current signal should be transmitted. Then, by utilizing the designed error-based feedback controller, some sufficient conditions are presented to ensure that the controlled system output asymptotically tracks the reference signal. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical formulation.
Organic matter heterogeneity and shale oil significance in Triassic Zhangjiatan shale, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Tuo Jincai , Wu Chenjun , Xin Honggang , Zhang Mingfeng , Zheng Junwei , Ma Xiaofeng
Published: September 2021

Organic matter heterogeneity exerts an important impact on the generation, evaluation, and exploitation of shale oil resources. In the past, only a limited number of analytical samples that represented the contribution or influence of high or low organic matter abundance intervals were used to represent an entire set of thick source rocks, and based on this limitation, occasionally researchers have reached incorrect conclusions. Here, the heterogeneity of organic matter and its significance to shale oil in the Triassic Zhangjiatan shale of the Ordos Basin were discussed based on sedimentary and geochemical analyses. Our results indicate that (1) the Chang 73 shale within the study area is characterized by high abundance, good quality, strong heterogeneity, and segmented enrichment in the vertical profile. The primary organic matter type was type II1, and this was followed by types I, II2, and III that exhibited three changing trends in the vertical profile. Organic matter maturity is primarily at the immature stage. (2) Additionally, we observed that the organic matter heterogeneity of Chang 73 shale was related to changes in lithology, sedimentary environment, paleoproductivity, terrigenous influence, and event action (such as volcanism and hydrothermal processes). The abundance of organic matter is the result of the coupling control of these processes. In the process of organic matter deposition, if volcano or hydrothermal activities occurred, the organic matter was abnormally enriched, and the total organic carbon content exceeded 20% and could even be as high as 40%. (3) Finally, we observed at least nine enrichment layers that were controlled by the coupling of different geological factors, and there were four potential target resource layers corresponding to the hydrothermal sedimentary area.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children
Authors: Wang Shuiyun , Zhu Changsheng
Published: September 2021

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) characterized by asymmetric ventricular septal hypertrophy, is the commonest cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young. The underlying etiology of HCM in the childhood and adolescent patients is diverse. Moreover, the prognosis of pediatric HCM depends on the age of presentation and etiology. Despite the complexity of children with obstructive HCM, surgical treatment results in a favorable outcome for carefully selected patients in experienced tertiary referral center in contemporary era. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) remains the most effective and reliable treatment to prevent SCD. New pediatric SCD risk prediction model, which has good discrimination and calibration and can distinguish patients who are most benefit from an ICD implantation, is expected to be further refined in the future.
Moral Injury and the Psyche of Counterinsurgency
Authors: MacLeish Kenneth
Published: September 2021

Public and clinical interest in a condition called moral injury – psychological distress resembling posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but said to originate from shame, guilt, or transgression in war experience – explicitly links moral, psychological, and political dimensions of war-making in the context of the US’s post-9/11 wars. This article critically analyzes moral injury’s politics of psychological suffering, which tends to treat morality as a universal and apolitical terrain, by reading it against soldier narratives of combat experience. American soldiers’ accounts of US military violence in Iraq and Afghanistan suggest that embodied, affective, and technical dimensions of military experience constitute their own moral worlds that do not necessarily conform to moral injury’s narratives of individual transgression. These accounts show that the US’s counterinsurgency techniques produce Orientalist framings of threat and violence but also volatile and ambivalent battlefield moralities that critically comment on the ostensibly liberal and humane techniques of US war-making.
“A Moment of Science, Please”: Activism, Community, and Humor at the March for Science
Authors: Riesch Hauke , Vrikki Photini , Stephens Neil , Lewis Jamie , Martin Olwenn
Published: September 2021

In April 2017, scientists and science sympathizers held marches in the United Kingdom as part of a coordinated international March for Science movement that was held in over 600 cities worldwide. This article reports from participant-observation studies of the marches that took place in London and Cardiff. Supplemented with data from 37 interviews from marchers at the London event, the article reports on an analysis of the placards, focusing on marchers’ concerns and the language and images through which they expressed those concerns. How did the protesters articulate their concerns and objectives, and how were these articulations used to build a community? The placards did not represent a clear, focused, and unifying message; they instead illustrated disparate concerns ranging from human-induced climate change, Trump and “alternative facts,” and local UK specific political issues concerning the country’s exit from the European Union. Our analysis shows that placards gave a playful and whimsical character to the march, with slogans displaying significant amounts (and moments) of humor, often formulated through insider jokes, scientific puns, or self-deprecating appropriation of negative stereotypes about scientists. We analyze the march through the social movement literature and as a collective identity-building exercise for an (emergent) community of scientists and sympathizers with long-term aims of establishing a louder voice for scientists, and experts, in public discourse.
Clinically Significant Bradycardia and Hypotension Following Consumption of Betel Leaf in a Patient Treated for Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Bannister Breyanne E. , Parry Daniel R. , Pouliot Jonathon D.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: A case of new onset bradycardia and hypotension following betel leaf consumption in combination with verapamil and metoprolol in an atrial fibrillation (AF) patient. Summary: A 66-year-old Nigerian woman presented to the emergency department for evaluation of multiple near syncope episodes with underlying AF and slow ventricular response. After initial evaluation, the patient disclosed she had ingested several betel leaves that morning. She was admitted for observation of severe, progressive hypotension and symptomatic bradycardia. Her past medical history included AF, type 2 diabetes, asthma, obesity, hypertension and hypothyroidism. Her home medications consisted of spironolactone, metoprolol succinate, and verapamil ER. Upon admission, her home medications were held. She received IV fluids and atropine .4 mg IV as needed for symptomatic bradycardia. Approximately 18 h following admission, her vital signs stabilized and her labs returned to baseline. She remained stable and was discharged with a recommendation to continue her home medications at prescribed doses with reduced doses of verapamil and metoprolol and to follow-up with her primary care provider. Conclusion: A patient with a history of AF developed significant hypotension and symptomatic bradycardia after betel leaf consumption resulting in an overnight critical care unit admission. The use of betel leaf is not common in the United States; however, practitioners should be cognizant of the use of complementary and alternative medications like betel leaf and incorporate this knowledge in patient evaluation. Patients consuming betel leaf or betel nut should be evaluated for cardiovascular effects as well as laboratory evaluation for organ damage.
On synergistic effect of BaTiO3 and graphene reinforcement in polyvinyl diene fluoride matrix for four dimensional applications
Authors: Sharma Ravinder , Singh Rupinder , Batish Ajay , Ranjan Nishant
Published: September 2021

This work presents the synergistic effect of BaTiO3 and graphene (Gr) reinforcement in polyvinyl diene fluoride (PVDF) matrix by chemical-assisted mechanical blending (CAMB) for possible 4D applications. The PVDF matrix was prepared (in form of filament) by solvent casting followed by twin-screw extrusion (TSE) as CAMB process. The filament was used on fused deposition modelling (FDM) setup for preparing standard flexural and pull-out specimens. The mechanical testing revealed that the parts printed with 100% in-fill density (ID), 70 mm/s infill speed (IS), and 45° in-fill angle (IA) has shown better flexural strength (FS). For pull-out properties, part printed at IS 90 mm/s, 0° IA, and 100% ID have shown better results. Further optimized settings of FS were used to 3D print thin cylindrical discs followed by electric poling (for possible piezoelectric properties). The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis show more β-phase formation in the electrically poled sample as compared to non-poled specimen. Moreover, XRD spectra show the homogenous dispersion of doped material in the PVDF matrix. The piezoelectric coefficient (d33) 30.2pC/N was observed on 3D printed specimen (prepared from filament processed with CAMB), suitable for 4D applications.
Calculation and verification of balance force of multistage pump balance drum
Authors: Qian Chen , Luo Xin , Yang Congxin , Wang Bin
Published: September 2021

The axial force balancing capacity of a balance drum is a key factor affecting the life of multi-stage centrifugal pumps. At present, the traditional calculation formula of the balance force of a balance drum is mainly obtained by modifying the relationship between the last-stage impeller head and the total head through empirical coefficient, and the calculation result is less sensitive to the change of the balance drum clearance. However, many studies have shown that the increase of clearance is the main factor affecting the balance force of a balance drum. In addition, the cost of measuring the balance force of a balance drum is relatively high. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to derive the mathematical expression and to propose a simple method for measuring the balance force of a balance drum. According to the resistance equation of clearance fluid and the N-S equation under cylindrical coordinate system, the variation laws of the pressure difference along axial and radial directions in the two sides of the balance drum clearance were derived. And the mathematical formula of the balance force of a balance drum, the balance drum clearance leakage and the balance tube flow was established. The new derived formula calculation results were compared with the traditional formula calculation results and the numerical calculation results. The results show that: at nominal flow rate, the mean value of the pressure difference of a balance drum increases in a parabolic shape along the radial direction. When the clearance increases from 0.1 to 0.35 mm, the relative error of the balance force between the traditional formula calculation and the numerical calculation is 71.1%, 58.5%, 19.6%, 8.1%, −18.6% and −32.31%, while that between the new formula calculation and the numerical calculation is 3.08%, 6.21%, 4.82%, 1.17%, 3.42% and 6.58%, indicating that the new derived formula can accurately calculate the balance force of a balance drum. In addition, according to the new derived formula, the balance force of a balance drum can be measured directly by the flow rate of the balance tube, which provides a theoretical support for dynamic monitoring of the balance force of a balance drum in engineering.
Analytical modeling for the axial compression performance of steel-fiber-reinforced polymer hybrid laminates
Authors: Lin Jianping , Lin Ye , Min Junying , Teng Hao
Published: September 2021

Hybrid structures from metal and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) hybrid laminates offer an attractive solution to enhance strength and structural stiffness as well as to achieve lightweight effect. The behavior of steel-FRP hybrid laminates subject to axial compression is not well understood due to lack of experimental and analytical investigations. The axial compression performance of steel-FRP hybrid laminates was studied by using axial compression test in this study. Hybrid laminates from DP980-CFRP (carbon fiber-reinforced polymer) and DP980-AFRP (aramid fiber-reinforced polymer) were fabricated and studied. An analytical model was deduced to analyze the maximum axial compressive load of steel-FRP hybrid laminates. The results demonstrate that steel-FRP hybrid laminates exhibit significantly higher maximum compressive loads and initial stiffnesses in axial compression in comparison with the single steel sheet.
Non-polynomial zigzag theories with C° finite element formulation for buckling analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plates
Authors: Sarangan Suganyadevi , Singh BN
Published: September 2021

In this present work, non-polynomial zigzag theories (algebraic zigzag theory (AZT), exponential zigzag theory (EZT), hyperbolic zigzag theory (HZT), inverse hyperbolic zigzag theory (IZT), logarithmic zigzag theory (LZT) and trigonometric zigzag theory (TZT)) are performed for buckling response of laminated composite and sandwich plates. The present models assume parabolic variation of out – plane stresses through the depth of the plate and also accomplish the zero transverse shear stresses over the surface of the plate. Thus a need of shear correction factor is obviated. The present zigzag models able to meet the transverse shear stress continuity and zigzag form of in-plane displacement continuity at the plate interfaces. An efficient eight noded C° continuous isoparametric serendipity element is established and employed to examine the buckling analysis. Like FSDT, the considered mathematical model possesses similar number of variables and which decides the present models computationally more effective. Several numerical examples are carried out to study the effects of span to thickness ratio, ply orientation, lay-up number, modular ratio, loading condition and boundary condition on the buckling response. To ensure the capability of the proposed models, higher modes of buckling are obtained for laminated plates and sandwich plates. Further, the efficiency and superiority of the proposed models is ascertained by comparing it with 3 D elasticity solution and also with various existing shear deformation theories in the literature. Most remarkably, the present models are accurately estimates the buckling load parameter and they are insensitive of shear-locking.
MHD nanofluid flow around a permeable stretching sheet with thermal radiation and viscous dissipation
Authors: Muntazir Rana MA , Mushtaq Muhammad , Shahzadi Shamaila , Jabeen Kanwali
Published: September 2021

In this research article, we have investigated the unsteady MHD nanofluids flow problem around a permeable linearly stretching sheet under the influence of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. Transfer of mass and heat analysis is considered for various kinds of nano-particles such as [Formula: see text], Cu, Ag and TiO2. Many research studies had been concluded that thermal conductivity of traditional fluid accelerates 15–40% as nano-particles are mixed in to a base fluid, this theory however depends upon the adding mechanism of the nano-particles. Although it depends upon volume fraction, agglomeration or size of nano-particles etc. But it can be concluded from this study, in a magnetic field environment not only the fluid flow is more consistent than regular fluid but also the rate of heat transfer increases. We have tabulated the results of the four different types of nanofluid and graphically presented the behavior of [Formula: see text] and Cu nanofluids. These distinct MHD nanofluids are used to explore the parametric features of heat and mass transfer phenomena along a permeable stretching sheet. The impacts of various physical parameters and physical quantities are analyzed. It is observed that from this study that the heat transfers rate of Cu nanofluid is higher than [Formula: see text] nanofluid. The coupled non-linear equations are solved by semi-analytical technique i.e Differential Transformation Method (DTM) along with Pade-approximation and found to be in well agreement with already reported work in literature. The graphical illustration and tabular results represent the physical importance of the work. It was observed and concluded that the temperature profiles in case of Cu nanofluid presents significantly high as compared with [Formula: see text] nanofluid. Also, the thicknesses of velocity, thermal and concentration profile decreases by increasing suction/injection and unsteady parameter. These parameters used to control the flow rate.
Marsbot: A monopod robot capable of achieving three-dimensional dynamic and stable jumping
Authors: Haoran Shi , Yong Xu , Jiali Liu , Xinyang Jiang , Jie Yang
Published: September 2021

Continuous, stable and accurate jumping in three-dimensional (3D) environment is one of difficulties of jumping robot research. In this paper, a monopod jumping robot Marsbot whose center of mass (CoM) can accurately reach desired positions in 3D space is designed. Based on the spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) dynamics model, the take-off velocity control of Marsbot was realized, which made controllable continuous jump possible. Based on the reaction wheel pendulum (RWP) dynamics model and the law of conservation of angular momentum, the real-time 3D attitude control of Marsbot with three inertial tails was realized. By integrating SLIP model, RWP model and the post-landing steering strategy proposed in this paper, a continuous jump algorithm for CoM of Marsbot to accurately reach desired 3D positions is proposed. This paper proposes the air target grasping strategy of Marsbot (the author will elaborate on this issue in another article): When the robot jumps to the desired grasping position in the air, the robotic arm can quickly and stably grasp the target object such as tree branches, so that the robot can perch or hang on the target object, and get a good view from high place. The simulation results show that Marsbot can achieve continuous, stable, accurate jumping and realize air perching/observation operations through the above schemes. The simulation results also verify feasibility of the 3D jump dynamics model and its control algorithm proposed in this paper.
Inhibitory Cognitive Control Allows Automated Advice to Improve Accuracy While Minimizing Misuse
Authors: Strickland Luke , Heathcote Andrew , Bowden Vanessa K. , Boag Russell J. , Wilson Micah K. , Khan Samha , Loft Shayne
Published: September 2021

Humans increasingly use automated decision aids. However, environmental uncertainty means that automated advice can be incorrect, creating the potential for humans to act on incorrect advice or to disregard correct advice. We present a quantitative model of the cognitive process by which humans use automation when deciding whether aircraft would violate requirements for minimum separation. The model closely fitted the performance of 24 participants, who each made 2,400 conflict-detection decisions (conflict vs. nonconflict), either manually (with no assistance) or with the assistance of 90% reliable automation. When the decision aid was correct, conflict-detection accuracy improved, but when the decision aid was incorrect, accuracy and response time were impaired. The model indicated that participants integrated advice into their decision process by inhibiting evidence accumulation toward the task response that was incongruent with that advice, thereby ensuring that decisions could not be made solely on automated advice without first sampling information from the task environment.
Challenges in stem cell-derived islet replacement therapy can be overcome
Authors: Abdulreda Midhat H. , Berggren Per-Olof
Published: September 2021

In this Commentary, we echo the conclusions of a recent review titled “ The promise of stem cell-derived islet replacement therapy,” which highlighted recent advances in producing glucose responsive “islets” from stem cells and the benefits of their use in islet transplant therapy in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The review also outlined the status of clinical islet transplantation and the challenges that have prevented it from reaching its full therapeutic promise. We agree with the conclusions of the review and suggest that the identified challenges may be overcome by using the eye anterior chamber as an islet transplant site. We anticipate that the combination of stem cell-derived islets and intraocular transplant could help this promising T1D therapy reach full fruition.
Cultural Evolutionary Mismatches in Response to Collective Threat
Authors: Gelfand Michele J.
Published: September 2021

Across the millennia, human groups have evolved specific cultural and psychological adaptations to cope with collective threats, from terrorism to natural disasters to pathogens. In particular, research has identified cultural tightness, characterized by strict social norms and punishments, as one key adaptation that helps groups coordinate to survive collective threats. However, interferences with threat signals that facilitate tightening can lead to cultural mismatches—either too much or not enough tightening. I discuss two examples of cultural mismatches: the COVID-19 pandemic (a case in which collective threat is real, but there is a resistance to tightening) and the rise of populist movements (a case in which exaggerated threat leads to unnecessary tightening).
Book review: Tumpa Mukherjee, Women in Police in India: A Journey from Periphery to Core
Authors: Ghosh Tuktuk
Published: September 2021

Tumpa Mukherjee, Women in Police in India: A Journey from Periphery to Core. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2020, 212 pages, ₹1,095.
Remote mental health clients prefer face-to-face consultations to telehealth during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Amos Andrew James , Middleton Jocelyn , Gardiner Fergus W.
Published: September 2021

Objective:

To guide the efficient and effective provision of mental health services to clients in Central West and Far North Queensland, we surveyed preferences for face-to-face or in-person contact.

Methods:

A clinician-designed survey of contact preferences was offered to 248 clients of mental health services in Far North and Central West Queensland in mid-2020. With the onset of COVID-19, the survey was modified to measure the impact of the pandemic.

Results:

Just over half of the services’ clients participated in the survey (50.4%), of whom more were female (63.2%). Of the participants, 46.3% in Far North and 8.6% in Central West Queensland identified as Indigenous. Strong resistance to telehealth before the pandemic across groups (76%) was moderated during COVID-19 (42.4%), an effect that appeared likely to continue past the pandemic for Central West clients (34.5%). Far North clients indicated their telehealth reluctance would return after the pandemic (77.6%).

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that remote Australians strongly prefer in-person mental health care to telehealth. Although the COVID-19 pandemic increased acceptance of telehealth across regions while social distancing continued, there was evidence that Indigenous Australians were more likely to prefer in-person contact after the pandemic.