bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplikasi pupuk organik dan N, P, K terhadap pH tanah, P-tersedia, serapan P, dan hasil padi hitam (Oryza sativa L.) pada inceptisol
Authors: Yuniarti Anni , Solihin Eso , Arief Putri Ayuning Tiara
Published: March 2020

Sari. Padi hitam memiliki khasiat yang baik untuk kesehatan, yang dapat meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh terhadap penyakit, mencegah gangguan fungsi ginjal, mencegah kanker / tumor, dan banyak manfaat lainnya. Dewasa ini, produktivitas padi hitam masih relatif rendah, dengan beberapa penyebabnya adalah degradasi lahan dan ketidakseimbangan nutrisi di tanah. Salah satu ordo tanah yang distribusi secara luas di Indonesia yang dapat digunakan untuk budidaya tanaman adalah Inceptisol. Oleh karena itu, Inceptisols memerlukan penanganan yang tepat, seperti aplikasi pupuk organik dan anorganik yang seimbang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui macam pupuk organik dan dosis N, P, K terbaik terhadap pH tanah, P tersedia, serapan P dan bobot gabah kering panen dan gabah kering giling padi hitam (Oryza sativa L.). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 10 perlakuan, tiga ulangan. Jenis pupuk organik terdiri dari kompos jerami, pupuk kandang ayam, pupuk kandang sapi, dan pupuk kandang domba dengan dosis 10 t / ha. Pupuk N, P, K yang digunakan terdiri atas dosis 50% dan 100% rekomendasi (Urea 300 kg/ha; TSP 50 kg/ha; KCl 50 kg/ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk kandang ayam + 100% N, P, K rekomendasi memberikan bobot gabah kering giling terbaik pada padi hitam (Oryza sativa L.) menghasilkan 55,40 g / tanaman atau 7,09 t/ ha..Kata kunci: Padi hitam ∙ Pupuk organik ∙ Pupuk N,P,K ∙ Inceptisol ∙ Fosfor Application of organic and N, P, K fertilizer to pH, P-available, P absorption, and black rice yield (Oryza sativa L.) in inceptisol ABSTRACT. Black rice has good advantages for health, which can increase the body's resistance to disease, prevent kidney failure, prevent cancer/tumors, and many other benefits. Today, the productivity of black rice is still relatively low, with several causes being land degradation and imbalance of nutrients in the land. One of the land orders that is widely distributed in Indonesia for plant cultivation is Inceptisols. Therefore, Inceptisols needed a proper handling, such as balanced application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The aim of this research was to know the best type of organic fertilizer and the best dosage of N,P,K on soil pH, available P, P uptake and yield of black rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experimental design used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and three replications. The type of organic fertilizer consisted of rice straw compost, chicken manure, cow manure, and sheep manure, with 10 t/ha doses. The N,P,K fertilizer that used has a dosage of 50% and 100% (Urea 300 kg/ha, TSP 50 kg/ha, and KCl 50 kg/ha). The results showed that the application of chicken manure + 100% N,P,K gave the best yield on black rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield of 55.40 g / plant or 7.09 t/haKeywords: Black rice ∙ Organic fertilizer ∙ N,P,K fertilizer ∙ Inceptisols ∙ Phosphorus
Reconstruction of Severance Pay and Workers' Rights Due to Termination of Employment (Layoff) Based on Justice Value
Authors: Mashdurohatun Anis , Syah Rahmat , Arto Gun
Published: March 2020

Employers have an interest in increasing the productivity of their business performance, whereas workers have an interest in obtaining wages, rewards, or incentives from carrying out work. Employee relations with employers often occur disputes that end in Termination of Employment (layoff). The implementation of layoffs can lead to conflict if one party does not accept the dismissal decision. The settlement of the industrial relations dispute is generally settled using Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Employment. But, in this law, there are still many weaknesses that can be distorted by and overlapping causes legal uncertainty inferred from Article 156 Paragraph (1). The purpose of this study is to carry out reconstruction in Article 156 Paragraph (1) to fulfill the element of justice for workers. This study uses empirical juridical approach method related to the granting of workers' rights due to layoffs. The type of data used in this study includes primary data and secondary data. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analytics. The results of the study found that giving of workers' severance and rights due to layoffs occurred injustice and disadvantaged the workers as weak party. This injustice can be in the form of non-payment of rights that should be received by workers due to layoff, legal uncertainty, and ambiguity in the judge's decision. Therefore, in order to guarantee legal certainty on the balance of rights and obligations for employers and workers, the legal norms reconstruction in Article 156 Paragraph (1) needs to be emphasized by adding the length of time of the given rights and the reasons for the layoff workers’ rights.
Social Management as a Current Challenge for Management and Sustainability of Efficiency in Social Services
Authors: Lehoczká Lýdia
Published: March 2020

The paper discusses the requirement to develop social management. It specifies the strategic and current intention for social services and emphasises its contribution to improving the quality of professional and managerial activities in this field and the sustainability of efficiency. The study states the major research findings identifying the essential elements of management in the statements of future professionals in social services through the acquisition of important competencies and the overall professionalization of their field.
Distância para a cidadania na Bahia
Authors: Prado Vaner Jose do , Souza Laumar Neves de , Reis Renato Barbosa , Spinola Carolina de Andrade
Published: March 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é, com base na Teoria do Lugar Central de Christaller (1966), compreender o alcance espacial da oferta de serviços para três documentos certificadores da cidadania (Registro Civil de Nascimento, Carteira de Identidade e Carteira Nacional de Habilitação) no estado da Bahia.  Complementarmente e, tendo como base o conceito de limiar de serviço, busca-se aferir as distâncias que são percorridas por boa parte da população baiana para ter acesso aos aludidos documentos. Com o intuito de alcançar o propósito deste estudo, recorreu-se à pesquisa documental, aos bancos de dados do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado da Bahia (TJBA), da Secretaria Estadual de Segurança Pública (SSP) e do Departamento Estadual de Trânsito (DETRAN) que forneceram informações sobre a emissão de, respectivamente, Registro Civil de Nascimento, Carteira de Identidade e Carteira Nacional de Habilitação, no ano de 2016. Consultou-se também as informações contidas no Censo Demográfico 2010, disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), notadamente aquelas que revelam o quantitativo da população residente de cada município baiano. Concluiu-se que a localização dos órgãos certificadores obedece à lógica prevista pela Teoria do Lugar Central, havendo, entretanto, um contingente significativo de habitantes sem acesso ao serviço, notadamente nos municípios com menor importância econômica e com um baixo índice de desenvolvimento social.
Palavras-chaves: Documentos Certificadores. Cidadania. Teoria do Lugar Central.
Percepción y lenguaje: Herder o la vanguardia de la hermenéutica
Authors: Rodríguez Barraza Adriana
Published: March 2020

RESUMENEl objetivo es analizar la génesis y la relación teórica Herder-Kant en la Metacrítica que insiste en la existencia concreta de los propios pensamientos, ideas y sistemas filosóficos cuyo verdadero a priori sería el lenguaje utilizado por los hombres que piensan; pero estos hombres no son universales abstractos, sino singulares concretos que dependen de una lengua, de una nación, en fin, de unas costumbres y formas de ser determinadas que los hace estar unidos íntimamente a su suelo-raíz. De esta manera, Herder abre el horizonte de la hermenéutica y del multiculturalismo.PALABRAS CLAVELENGUAJE, PENSAMIENTO, FILOSOFÍA CRÍTICA ABSTRACTThe article intends to analyze the genesis of Herder-Kant theoretical relation in Methacritic, that insists on the concrete existence of thoughts, ideas and philosophical systems which  a priori  would be the language used by the thinking  men. But these men are not universal abstracts, but concrete singulars, who depend on a nation, a language, habits and determined ways of being, that make them be strongly linked to their root-ground. In that way, Herder opens the horizon of hermeneutics and multiculturalism.KEYWORDSLANGUAGE, THOUGHT, CRITICAL PHILOSOPHY
Homo ridens vs. Homo sapiens
Authors: Rivero Weber Paulina
Published: March 2020

RESUMENEn este artículo la risa se explica a través de la conocida teoría de la risa como una respuesta ante la incongruencia. Con base en lo anterior, la autora compara dos tipos de respuesta ante la incongruencia: aquella que pretende resolver la incongruencia, a saber, la filosofía, y aquella que la festeja sin remediarla: la risa. Y es que la tragedia y la comedia, el llanto y la risa, tienen en el fondo un mismo origen, tanto como obras de arte, en la antigua Grecia, como en la vida humana.PALABRAS CLAVERISA, FILOSOFÍA, TRAGEDIA, COMEDIA, INCONGRUENCIA, RESOLVERABSTRACTIn this paper, laughter is explained through the well-known incongruence theory, i.e. as a way to deal with incongruence. The author compares two different ways of acting upon incongruence: one of them is to try to resolve it by setting a rational order and the other one is to take it as it is, accept it, and laugh. Tragedy and comedy, just like crying and laughing, have both the same origin, as works of art in ancient Greece, and also in human life.KEY WORDSLAUGHTER, PHILOSOPHY, TRAGEDY, COMEDY, INCONGRUENCE, RESOLVE
Developing critical reading module using integrated learning content and language approach
Authors: Surdyanto Annas , Kurniawan Wiwit
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research is to compile a teaching material in the form of critical reading modules that are effective, valid, and practical for English major students. Teaching materials developed are based on CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) learning and are oriented towards students’ critical thinking skills. CLIL not only emphasizes language skills but also on how learning content can provide a stimulus to think and understand the goals of learning. This study uses a Research and Development (RD) approach. The development model used is the ADDIE (Analyse, Design, Development, Implement, Evaluation). The results of the study show that the module that has been developed is valid, practical and effective. The validity of the module reaches a very good category based on the expert’s and validator’s evaluation. The practicability of the module is categorized as very good according to the students’ responses, observation on the implementation, and lecturer’s evaluation. The module effectivity reaches a very good category based on the students’ achievement on the tests.
Investigating students’ interest on reading journal articles: Materials, reasons and strategies
Authors: Akmal Saiful , Dhivah Ikhwanna , Mulia Mulia
Published: March 2020

This article investigates students’ reading materials, reasons for reading journal articles, and strategies in handling its difficulties. The data was collected by the use of qualitative method with structured interview. A number of eight students were purposely selected as the participants of this study, each representing eight different units studying in the seventh semester at a university in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. In analyzing the data, this research employed the qualitative descriptive analysis of data organization, data examination and data explanation. The findings showed that the favorite reading materials for students are website articles and social media captions, followed by non-fiction readings and newspapers. It is also found that preparing assignment is the utmost popular reason for reading journal articles for the students. Students also said that looking up in dictionary, internet surfing, consulting friends and lecturers, more practices, predicting the meaning of the words, and partial reading were some strategies they used to tackle the problems of reading journal articles. The implication of this study can be of actual practice to the academic reading course and curriculum and material development, especially for future improvement on students’ reading performance and proficiency.
How do foreign language teachers motivate students in language learning?
Authors: Rahman Diana S , Sahayu Wening
Published: March 2020

Motivation is one of the keys to success in the language learning process. It is a crucial factor for students in learning a foreign language, and the teachers’ ways to motivate students are also essential. This study aims to investigate language teachers’ ways in motivating students in learning foreign languages. The participants in this study are eight foreign language teachers including English, Arabic, and French teachers. Data were collected through open-ended questionnaires with the teachers. The results of this study showed that most of the foreign language teachers motivated the students in learning a foreign language by sentences (verbal) and this method encouraged students’ instrumental motivation. Next, referring to the time of motivation, four teachers motivated the students at the beginning of each learning process, meanwhile three teachers gave motivations at the beginning and at the end of each learning process. Finally, referring to the types of motivation, only two teachers (i.e. French teachers) could identify motivation types of learners, which are in the form of internal, external, intrinsic, and extrinsic motivation. Meanwhile, other teachers (i.e. English and Arabic teachers), did not mention specifically the names of the motivation types that they knew. To conclude, most of the teachers of this study did not motivate their students maximally in the classrooms. Consequently, this study offers some methods to motivate learners in learning foreign languages, those are the Verbal Method (VM1) and the Visual Method (VM2), and they are further discussed in the paper.
Interaction in collaborative writing between international and domestic students in an Indonesian university
Authors: Rahayu Dwi
Published: March 2020

This research investigates verbal interaction in collaborative writing between students from two countries with different L1 when writing an academic essay in a foreign language writing class. Eight students from Indonesia and China participated, and were divided into Indonesian-Indonesian pairs and Indonesian-Chinese pairs. Using the method of qualitative content analysis, the transcripts from their communication were coded inductively and then categorized. The findings denote that there are three categories in their spoken interaction: what to write (ideas), where to write (structural organization), and how to write (language-related). Similarly, all pairs focused their discussions on ‘what to write’ (ideas to be written in the essays). However, Indonesian-Indonesian pairs also discussed ‘the language-related aspects’ mostly about lexical choice and the meaning, more than the mixed pairs. The Indonesian-Chinese pairs conversed, in most of their time, about the content through sharing, explaining, and negotiating their ideas. As the implication, in order to produce an essay with the same length and type, the mixed pairs executed more time in their spoken interaction.
Exploring the perceptions of Kurdish EFL university students towards culture as the fifth language skill
Authors: Ghafor Omar Fouad
Published: March 2020

Culture has been defined and viewed in different ways. These differences are due to its involvement with various facets of human life. Some of these definitions and viewpoints are related to the process of teaching/learning a language and understanding the habits of the native speakers of the language. In this regard, many linguists consider it the fifth language skill alongside the other four traditional skills that help language learners to master the language better. This paper addresses this issue by exploring the perceptions of Kurdish EFL university students concerning the role of English culture in learning the language. The researcher attempts to achieve this aim by providing a theoretical background about culture and culture as the fifth language skill and utilizing a questionnaire to a sample of senior undergraduate students selected for this purpose. The findings of the study show that cultural awareness has an essential role in the process of English language learning. Hence, culture should always be integrated with the process because it is an inseparable part of language teaching/learning. Teaching culture is as crucial as teaching other aspects and skills of the language.
English for specific purposes: Traditions, trends, directions
Authors: Salmani-Nodoushan Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2020

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) began around fifty years ago as a result of pressing worldwide demands for fast-paced language training in occupational and professional settings, rapid revolutions in theoretical linguistics, and burgeoning pressures on schools and educators to focus on, and to be responsive to, learners’ needs. It started within the field of English Language Teaching (ELT) but has gradually established itself as an autonomous subfield of Applied Linguistics (AL). This paper will review the origins, evolution, and status quo of ESP, and then predict the future directions of this important field. The theoretical, analytical, and methodological evolutions of ESP are reviewed, the positions of genre analysis, target language use situation analysis, and context in ESP are described, the ‘just-in-case’ EAP and ‘just-in-time’ EOP approaches are compared, and the text-first and context-first approaches to discourse structure analysis are compared. The paper predicts that ESP will adopt a wide-angled epistemological stance to survey the (a) discursive, (b) generic, (c) social, and (d) organizational structures of specialized texts and discourses, as well as those of texts and discourses simplified for the popularization of science, in a systematic and contextualized manner. ESP practitioners are also warned about the potential threats of teaching genres of power within ESP.
The influences on Activity-Based Costing adoption as an optimal costing system design: Evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aljabr Abdulrahman
Published: March 2020

Research Question: Under which conditions is the adoption of activity-based costing (ABC) beneficial to the business-unit and, hence, represents the optimal costing system design (CSD)? Motivation: Identifying the situations under which ABC is beneficial with regard to the performance of the business-unit and, thus, represents the optimal CSD is important in order to make a correct decision to invest in ABC. This necessitates the adoption of the matching form of fit when examining the relationship between the influential factors and ABC adoption as an optimal CSD due to its ability to reflect when ABC is beneficial and, therefore, indicate the optimal CSD. This study builds on Ittner et al. (2002) to examine this relationship from the standpoint of the matching form of fit, and also extends this line of research by examining the effect of the most key influential factors, using a sufficiently comprehensive multi-dimensional production complexity (PC) measure. Idea: This paper examines the role of the key influential factors on ABC adoption as an optimal CSD from the standpoint of the matching form of fit, using a sufficiently comprehensive multi-dimensional PC measure. Data: The data were collected from 200 Saudi manufacturing business-units. Tools: The questionnaire survey strategy was used to collect the data, which were then analysed using the residual analysis (RA) technique. Findings: Unexpectedly, the results of the RA showed that none of the examined key factors of competition, indirect costs, PC and information technology quality (IT quality) affects ABC adoption as an optimal CSD from the viewpoint of the matching form of fit. Contribution: This research contributes to the ABC adoption research by examining the situations under which ABC is beneficial and, hence, represents the optimal CSD through examining the impact of the key influential factors on ABC adoption as an optimal CSD from the standpoint of the matching form of fit.
The Roles of Farmers in the Development of Belimbing Village Agrotourism and Its Effect on Satisfaction and Loyalty of Tourists
Authors: Widari Ni Nyoman , Suryawardani I Gusti Ayu Oka , Rantau I Ketut , Wiranatha Agung Suryawan
Published: March 2020

Belimbing Village Agrotourism is an agriculture-based sustainable agrotourism that has extensive terraced rice fields and stretches with a variety of natural potential around. Development of Belimbing Village Agrotourism is a tourism activity without changing the use and damage of agricultural land and can help the economy of the community in Belimbing Village. This study aims to determine the effect of farmers' knowledge, farmers' skills and farmers' attitudes on the satisfaction of Belimbing Village Agrotourism, the effect of tourists’ satisfaction on visitor loyalty visiting Belimbing Village Agrotourism and Belimbing Village Agrotourism contribution to the welfare of the community in Belimbing Village. Data analysis method used is quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. The population in this study were farmers in Belimbing Village Agrotourism and tourists visiting Belimbing Village Agrotourism using 60 respondents, 30 people for farmers and 30 people for tourists. The model was designed using a Smart PLS-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach that was analyzed using a computer. The results showed that farmers' knowledge had a significant influence on tourists’ satisfaction (p = 0.031). Farmer skills have a significant influence on tourist satisfaction (p = 0.024). Farmer's attitude has a significant effect on tourist satisfaction (p = 0,000). Tourist satisfaction has a significant effect on tourist loyalty (p = 0,000). The contribution of the Belimbing Village Agrotourism in terms of economy, environment and social has a positive impact on the welfare of the community in the Belimbing Village. Based on the results of the study, it is hoped that the Belimbing Village Agrotourism can maintain and improve farmers' knowledge, farmers' skills and farmers' attitudes, so that visiting tourists are satisfied and generate tourist loyalty to visit again.

Keywords: Role of Farmers, Agrotourism Development, Tourists’ Satisfaction, Tourists’ Loyalty
Millennial Tourists in Bali: Motivation, Satisfaction and Revisit Intention
Authors: Aridayanti Dewa Ayu Nyoman , Suryawardani I Gusti Ayu Oka , Wiranatha Agung Suryawan
Published: March 2020

The Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia has developed strategies to attract millennial tourists who are estimated to dominate the world tourism market, where Bali is ranked as the fourth most desirable destination for millennials around the world. One of the important factors for tourists in making a visit decision is motivation. Motivation can affect tourists' satisfaction that is triggered by evaluations through their experiences during a visit and it can affect their revisit intention. Decision making for revisit intention to a destination is actually the behavior of satisfied tourists. This research is a quantitative study with samples of millennial tourists visiting the areas of Ubud, Kuta, Seminyak, Canggu and Uluwatu. Research results were analyzed by Structural Equations Modelling (SEM) analysis usings SmartPLS software 3.0 version. The results showed that motivation consisting of push and pull factors has a significant effect on tourist satisfaction. Tourist satisfaction has a significant effect on the revisit intention. The push factor has a positive but not significant effect on the revisit intention while the pull factor has a significant effect on the revisit intention. Another result showed that 69% of millennial tourists make use of social media as a source of information about Bali. This is also the reason for the facts that 91% of millennial tourists prefer to arrange their own trips.

Keyword : Bali, motivation, satisfaction, revisit intention, millennial tourist.
INFLUENCE OF ADENOTOMY ON THE COURSE OF THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS IN THE MAXILLARY SINUSES
Authors:   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan, Shamsidinov Bobonazar Nasridinovich , Mukhtorova Parvina Rakhmatovna ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan, Shaydoev Sukhrob Safaralievich ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan, Olimov Todzhidin Kholovich ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan, Begov Abdurasul Avzalovich ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan, Tagoymurodova Shifo Fayzovna ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan
Published: March 2020

Objective: To determine the influence of adenotomy on the course of the inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses in children. Methods: During the three-year period, examined 162 patients with the chronic inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses. Hypertrophy of the tonsils (nasopharyngeal, palatine), chronic tonsillitis was observed in these patients. All patients underwent general clinical, otorhinolaryngological, and radiological methods of investigation. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated clinically immediately after a week and after three months. Results: After surgical treatment, the condition of the children improved, they were discharged in a satisfactory condition. After three months, 87.7% of the patients underwent a full recovery: the suppuration from the nose stopped, nasal breathing was restored, and headaches stopped. In 3.7%, despite the treatment, catarrhal rhinitis periodically occurred, the radiological process in the sinuses was absent. And in 8.6% of the improvement of the condition was not observed either clinically or radiographically, that, apparently, was due to the reduction of the immune forces of the body. After these surgical procedures, puncture and catheterization of the maxillary sinus and daily rinsing were carried out to these patients, which contributed to the subsequent stable remission. Conclusion: Changes in the maxillary cavities in children suffering from adenoid tumours occur quite often. The timely removal of adenoid cavities is of great prophylactic value since it prevents the development of the inflammatory process in the maxillary cavities. If the adenotomy does not give effect, the puncture of a maxillary sinus with the subsequent conservative treatment is necessary. If this does not lead to recovery, then the operation on the maxillary sinus is indicated. Keywords: Adenoids, Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring, antritis.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF INTERVERTEBRAL HERNIA OF THE LUMBOSACRAL SPINE
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery and Polytrauma, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rakhmonov Khurshed Dzhamshedovich , Berdiev Rustam Namozovich ,   Department of Neurosurgery and Polytrauma, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: March 2020

Objective: Comparative analysis of the results of microsurgical and endoscopic discectomy in patients with intervertebral hernias of the lumbosacral spine. Methods: The obtained results allows asserting that during performing operations on intervertebral hernias of the lumbosacral spine, endoscopic discectomy is more preferable. It has a positive effect on the result of the operation and the condition of the patient at the rehabilitation stage, and its effectiveness is not inferior to microsurgical discectomy. Results: In both groups, the deterioration of the general indicators of disease symptoms not marked. Patients operated by the microsurgical method had lower quality of life criteria than patients of the first group. Patients with endoscopic discectomy were quicker to recover activity, than in patients operated by the microsurgical method. Conclusion: The obtained results allows asserting that during performing operations on intervertebral hernias of the lumbosacral spine, endoscopic discectomy is more preferable. It has a positive effect on the result of the operation and the condition of the patient at the rehabilitation stage, and its effectiveness is not inferior to microsurgical discectomy. Keywords: Herniated disc, endoscopic micro-discectomy, endoscopic discectomy, lumbosacral spine.
PALLIATIVE-CURATIVE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS WITH LIVER METASTASES
Authors:   Department of Oncology and Radiology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Yuldoshev Ravshan Zokhidovich , Zikiryakhodzhaev Dilshod Zukirovich ,   Republican Cancer Research Center, Rakhmatov Mukhammad Temurovich ,   Department of Oncology and Radiology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dilshodov Sukhrob Akhmedovich ,   Republican Cancer Research Center, Azatulloev Yodgor Imomrizoevich ,   Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan, Khodzhamkulov Ashurali Akramovich ,   Republican Cancer Research Center
Published: March 2020

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of relatively curative surgical interventions in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer with metastases to the liver and to show the role of active surgical tactics in improving the quality of life of patients. Methods: The study included 28 patients with gastric cancer with metastases to the liver. Patients with type I and type II Borrmann’s tumor growth (17 (85.7%) patients) were prevalent. It was found that in the predominant majority of patients had lesions of regional lymph nodes (91.6%). Detection of ultrasound and CT studies of enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes, lymph nodes of the aortocaval space, as well as massive invasion of the serous cover of the stomach with the extra organ component detected by laparoscopy, is a contraindication for performing simultaneous operations on the stomach and liver. In 14 (50%) patients,surgical interventions were carried out against the background of a complicated clinical course of gastric cancer: in the presence of pylorostenosis in 9 (32%) cases and torpid (sluggish) bleeding in 5 (17.85%) cases. Results: Analyzing the primary tumour and metastatic hearth in the liver, we came to the conclusion that gastric cancer with gastric metastases in the liver should be resected in cases of highly or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma that has exophytic or mixed forms of growth, preferably with the intactness of the serous cover of the stomach. Practically in half of the patients in our series, the metastasis in regional lymph nodes are revealed,however, only in two, the defeat of lymph nodes of the second – order was diagnosed. Thus, “resectable” liver metastases can occur even at the N0 stages. In the studied group, patients with type I and II Borrmann’s prevailed with type I and II, most of them showed the intestinal histological type of a tumour. Conclusion: Liver resection for gastric cancer metastases should be performed under the following conditions: the absence of other distant metastases (peritoneum, non-regional lymph nodes, etc.); performing “radial” gastrectomy with D2-D3 lymphadenectomy; the possibility of carrying out macroscopic radical resection of the liver; functional portability of the operation; physiological operability. Keywords: Gastric cancer with liver metastases, palliative operations, indications, prognosis.
IMPROVEMENT OF PERITONITIS CLASSIFICATION
Authors:   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Saraev Alisher Rakhmatulloevich
Published: March 2020

Objective: Based on the existing classification schemes, to improve and implement the modern classification of peritonitis. Methods: This research based on the experience of complex diagnostics and surgical treatment of 188 patients with advanced peritonitis treated at the Dushanbe City Emergency Medical Center. Today the classifications of peritonitis available and also have been analyzed and studied. Results: Clinical manifestations of peritonitis widespread largely depended on the causes of the disease, its stage of progression. Analysis of real clinical practice shows that the terms «sepsis» and «severe sepsis» used interchangeably. Based on the study and literature review, a clinical classification of peritonitis has been developed, in which the stages of its development correspond to both the severity of clinical manifestations and the pathogenesis of peritonitis, which greatly optimizes further tactics and, thereby improves the results of treatment. Clinical comparison of the presented classification with the classification of K.S. Simonyan showed that in fact more often have a toxic phase of peritonitis (partially stages I and II according to our classification) since the reactive stage is more implies that is found in the practice of the surgeon. With regard to the terminal stage, as a final, its isolation is often impractical because in its essence it reflects the final process, i.e. its extreme neglect, which, of course, is not the rule and does not reflect the true statistics of peritonitis. Conclusion: The developed and presented the classification of peritonitis has both practical and academic significance, and the gradation of the clinical stages of peritonitis is simple, allows you to give an objective assessment of the severity of the patient’s condition, to choose the optimal scheme of surgical treatment and intensive therapy of this difficult category of patients. Keywords: Intoxication, abdominal sepsis, peritonitis classification.
ГИПЕРТЕНЗИВНЫЕ НАРУШЕНИЯ У БЕРЕМЕННЫХ ЖЕНЩИН С УЧЁТОМ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Olimova Farangis Zafarovna , Dodkhoeva Munavvara Fayzulloevna ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: March 2020

Based on the analysis of the world literature, it turned out that climate change in the direction of warming worsens pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, the results of numerous studies conducted in different parts of the world to study the correlation between ambient temperature, relative humidity and intensity of sunlight, as well as the frequency of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, are contradictory. Despite differences in results, a tendency to a higher incidence of preeclampsia is observed during the cold months. An explanation in support of this theory would be that more low temperatures affect the incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia, increasing the vasospasm inherent in the disease. Recognizing the exact relationship with different weather conditions can help you understand what factors may be involved in the launch of these processes. These studies are particularly relevant in the conditions of Tajikistan, where the mass of extragenital diseases present in pregnant women in the region is also joined by the climate warming factor. Keywords: Hypertensive disorders, pregnancy, climate, seasonality.
DEMAND FOR QUANTITY VERSUS QUALITY IN BEEF, CHICKEN AND FISH CONSUMPTION IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ogundari Kolawole
Published: March 2020

This study examines income elasticity of demand for quantity andquality beef, chicken, and fish in Nigeria. The analysis is based on randomlyselected 134 households in Ondo state. The empirical results show that incomeelasticity of demand for beef, chicken, and fish are inelastic. This suggeststhat these food items are considered necessities among households in thesample. The computed income elasticity of demand for quality was found tobe positive for all food items. The implication of this is that demand for qualitybeef, chicken, and fish increased as income of the household rises. Thus, frompolicy standpoint, this evidence could be explored to facilitate a better designof food policies aim at improving consumer welfare in Nigeria.
EVOLUÇÃO DA MÃO DE OBRA OCUPADA NO SETOR AGROPECUÁRIO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Bagolin Izete Pengo , Stülp Valter José
Published: March 2020

O primeiro objetivo do presente trabalho é testar a existência de convergênciados níveis de ocupação da mão de obra entre as diferentes regiões do RS. Isso é feitoutilizando matrizes de Markov. O segundo objetivo identifica, através de uma regressãoem painel, as variáveis que auxiliam a explicar a evolução dos níveis de ocupação.Os resultados mostram que, no longo prazo, haveria pequeno aumento no percentualdas regiões situadas nas duas classes intermediárias. Nas demais quatro classes,haveria, no futuro, uma pequena redução na participação percentual das regiões. Asvariáveis com impacto negativo sobre a ocupação da mão de obra são a participação deestabelecimentos com mais de duzentos hectares no total dos estabelecimentos; o nívelde mecanização das lavouras; as lavouras de arroz, soja e feijão; e as participações daprodução bovina e ovina na produção animal. A participação dos estabelecimentos ruraisinferiores a vinte hectares, a igualdade na distribuição da área entre os estabelecimentose as lavouras de fumo e de uvas apresentam impactos positivos.
ESTUDO DE VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA PARA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE SISTEMA DE ARMAZENAGEM E CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE MAÇÃ EM SANTA CATARINA.
Authors: Ferraz Cário Silvio Antônio , Seabra Fernando , Nicolau José Antonio , Simioni Flávio José , Bittencourt Cleiton Cardoso
Published: March 2020

O artigo trata de um estudo de viabilidade econômico-financeira visando àimplantação de equipamentos de câmaras frias para armazenagem e classificação demaçã na região Serrana de Santa Catarina. Nesta região existe um déficit de capacidadede armazenamento da ordem de 52% da quantidade produzida. Foram projetadosinvestimentos em três tamanhos de estabelecimentos que expandem a capacidade dearmazenamento e classificação em 50%, cujos investimentos se situam próximos de R$67 milhões para um horizonte de 20 anos. O VPL foi positivo para ocupações acimade 60% e as TIRs se situam acima de 20% para um grau de utilização da capacidadeinstalada de 100% e entre 15 e 20% para um grau de utilização de 80%. Os pontos deequilíbrio alcançados se situam em um grau de utilização da capacidade entre 43%para o maior tamanho e 57% para o menor tamanho.
POLÍTICAS DE MITIGAÇÃO DE MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS E SEUS EFEITOS SOBRE O BRASIL
Authors: França Franklin Pedro , Gurgel Angelo Costa
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho estima os impactos de políticas de mitigação de mudançasclimáticas possíveis de serem adotadas pelos EUA, União Europeia (UE) e Brasil emum horizonte futuro de 20 anos. Para tal, utiliza um modelo de equilíbrio geral daeconomia mundial, construído para projetar emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE)e simular políticas de redução nessas emissões. Os resultados sugerem a necessidadede uma maior participação e cooperação global para estabilizar emissões e reduziros riscos das mudanças climáticas. Nos EUA e na UE, as políticas climáticas geramperdas de bem-estar de 0,7% e 0,4%, respectivamente, em 2030, para cortes ememissões de 25% em relação às emissões de GEE observadas em 2005. O Brasil sofreriaperdas de até de 0,3% em bem-estar em 2030, caso não aplique políticas climáticas,mas enfrente tarifas compensatórias de carbono impostas por aqueles países. Essasbarreiras comerciais se mostram pouco eficientes em evitar vazamentos em emissõese a perda de competitividade. Quando o Brasil impõe cortes em emissões, os custos debem-estar podem atingir até 2,4% em 2030, o que sugere menores possibilidades deadoção de tecnologias de baixas emissões e de substituição de fontes de energia fósseispor renováveis.
DEGRADAÇÃO AMBIENTAL e CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO: A CURVA DE KUZNETS AMBIENTAL PARA O CERRADO.
Authors: Da Silva Colusso Maria Virgínia , Parré José Luiz , Almeida Eduardo Simões
Published: March 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a existência de relação entredegradação ambiental e crescimento econômico, sob a hipótese da Curva de KuznetsAmbiental, para o Cerrado brasileiro, no ano de 2008. Definiu-se como variáveldependente a área desmatada de Cerrado dos municípios do bioma e, como variáveisexplicativas, o PIB per capita e sua forma quadrática e cúbica, a densidade demográfica,a área plantada e o efetivo dos rebanhos bovinos. Os efeitos espaciais foram consideradosna análise. Os resultados apontam que, num primeiro momento, o crescimento da rendaper capita ajuda a diminuir o desmatamento na região; porém, o aumento continuadodesta renda faz com que o desmatamento volte a crescer.
ANÁLISE DA COMPETITIVIDADE DA CANADE- AÇÚCAR NOS ESTADOS DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL, MINAS GERAIS E PARANÁ.
Authors: Bitencourt Fagundes Mayra Batista , Costa Caio Luca
Published: March 2020

Este estudo tem como finalidade analisar a competitividade e a eficiênciada atividade de produção de cana-de-açúcar nos estados de Mato Grosso do Sul, MinasGerais e Paraná. Para tanto, utiliza-se da Matriz de Análise de Políticas (MAP), extraindodela os indicadores necessários à análise. Com o intuito de levantar os dados secundáriosnecessários para a elaboração da MAP, utilizou-se de pesquisa indireta. Os resultadosmostram que Mato Grosso do Sul apresenta os melhores indicadores de competitividadee eficiência, enquanto Paraná e Minas Gerais apresentam os piores, sendo prejudicadospela presença de políticas econômicas que interferem negativamente na produção.
PAPEL DA EMBRAPA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DO AGRONEGÓCIO
Authors: Marra Renner , E Souza Geraldo da Silva , De Andrade Alves Eliseu Roberto
Published: March 2020

Para descrever as contribuições da Embrapa, procurou-se caracterizar ocontexto em que a Embrapa foi criada, a fim de mostrar que sua criação foi decisãoconsciente do governo federal para enfrentar problemas graves de abastecimento,expandir e diversificar as exportações. Ou seja, a Embrapa foi estabelecida pararesolver problemas específicos, com um mandato específico de produzir tecnologiasque os agricultores pudessem usar.O texto ressalta a importância das universidades,dos institutos de pesquisa estaduais e da pesquisa internacional. O Brasil dispõe hojede um complexo sofisticado de ciências agrárias que produz tecnologias e é abastecidopor problemas de nossa agricultura e também da dos países subdesenvolvidos,principalmente da África. Um dos pilares do agronegócio é o crescimento daprodutividade da agricultura, crescimento este reconhecido como vitória das ciênciasagrárias, da engenhosidade de nossos agricultores, da estabilidade econômica e dasinstituições que tem como responsabilidade específica desenvolver a agricultura. Otexto ressalta o sucesso do agronegócio e a necessidade de encontrar solução para osmilhões de excluídos da modernização. É feita uma resenha de nossa política agrícola,na qual a reforma agrária é abordada.
EXPORTAÇÕES BRASILEIRAS DE RECURSOS NATURAIS NÃO RENOVÁVEIS: COMPETITIVIDADE E PADRÕES DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO.
Authors: Maxir Henrique dos Santos , De Faria Rosane Nunes
Published: March 2020

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a dinâmica das exportaçõesbrasileiras de Recursos Naturais Não Renováveis (RNNR) entre o período de 2000a 2012. Para tal, foram utilizados o indicador de Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas(VCR) e o modelo de Constant Market Share (CMS). Os resultados mostraram queo Brasil apresentou Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas nas exportações de RNNRem todo o período, porém essas vantagens estão concentradas em minérios, escóriase cinzas, e ferro fundido, ferro e aço. Verificou-se aumento contínuo do indicador deVCR para combustíveis minerais, óleos e ceras minerais, o que indica tendência demudança de uma situação de desvantagem para vantagem comparativa revelada paraessa categoria nos próximos anos. Por outro lado, o Brasil reduziu suas vantagenscomparativas nas exportações de alumínio e suas obras e, a partir de 2010, passou aapresentar desvantagem nessa categoria. O principal efeito responsável pelo crescimentodas exportações brasileiras de RNNR foi a composição da pauta de exportação, sendoo efeito competitividade predominante apenas no período 2000-2003, caracterizadopela desvalorização cambial no Brasil.
CAPACIDADE DE PAGAMENTO PELA ÁGUA BRUTA UTILIZADA NA IRRIGAÇÃO PÚBLICA NA BACIA DO JAGUARIBE– CEARÁ.
Authors: Campos Robério Telmo , Campos Kilmer Coelho
Published: March 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de pagamento(CP) pela água utilizada nos diversos perímetros que compõem a bacia doJaguaribe; calcular a CP média de cada perímetro e para cada lavoura/pecuáriaencabeçada como atividade principal; e, por fim, subsidiar a ação do Estado doCeará na elaboração de uma proposta de matriz tarifária de água bruta para areferida bacia. A área de estudo localiza-se na bacia do Jaguaribe, Estado doCeará. Os dados foram de natureza primária, obtidos por meio da aplicaçãode 76 questionários. A CP é medida por meio do método residual. Conclui-seque a capacidade de pagamento unitária (CPU) média dos irrigantes públicosfoi de R$ 46,57/1000m3. O perímetro público Icó-Lima Campos apresentouos menores indicadores de CPU pela água, quando comparado aos outrosperímetros. O perímetro de maior CPU é o de Jaguaribe-Apodi (DIJA),em que predomina a exploração de fruticultura. O subgrupo de irrigantesfruticultores é o que apresenta maior CPU (R$ 103,67/1000m3), superandoem quase três vezes os subgrupos de grãos/pecuária (R$ 34,50/1000m3) e degrãos (R$ 37,47/1000m3).
CRÉDITO RURAL E NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE DA AGROPECUÁRIA BRASILEIRA: UMA ANÁLISE DE CAUSALIDADE EM PAINEL
Authors: Reginato Vitor Gomes , Cunha Marina Silva da , Vasconcelos Marcos Roberto
Published: March 2020

Este artigo analisa a relação entre o crédito rural e o nível de atividade da agropecuária brasileira, no período de 2002 até 2014. A hipótese do trabalho é que a modernização e crescimento do setor agropecuário tornou-o um setor cuja disponibilidade de crédito é mais determinada por fatores do lado da demanda do que da oferta. Para testar tal hipótese foram utilizadas informações por unidade da federação e a metodologia de causalidade de Granger para dados em painel. Os resultados das estimações sugerem, com algumas exceções, causalidade unidirecional no sentido de Granger, do crescimento econômico para o setor financeiro, mas não o contrário. Esses resultados sugerem que a oferta de crédito rural no país acomoda-se à demanda do setor, dado que esse se tornou um demandante de baixo risco na visão dos bancos.
ANÁLISE DE RISCO DO DESEMPENHO ECONÔMICO DE UM SISTEMA DE RECRIA DE GADO DE CORTE EM REGIME DE PASTEJO ROTACIONADO.
Authors: Peixoto Simões Andre Rozemberg , De Moura Altair Dias
Published: March 2020

Os resultados técnicos e econômicos dos sistemas de produção agropecuáriosestão condicionados por uma série de variáveis sociais, culturais e macroeconômicasque limitam ou impulsionam o dinamismo do setor. Com vistas em obter rentabilidade,os produtores devem procurar ganhos de produtividade e aumento de produção. Destaforma, o processo de profissionalização das atividades agropecuárias passa pela adoçãode técnicas modernas de gerenciamento e de tomadas de decisão. Este trabalho objetivouexercitar técnicas de análise econômica, análise de sensibilidade, geração de cenários e deanálise de risco. Foram utilizados dados primários de um sistema de recria de gado decorte em regime de pastejo rotacionado na aplicação dos métodos. Os resultados revelaramque o sistema estudado é lucrativo, entretanto, as análises de cenários e de riscoindicam baixa atratividade e elevada probabilidade de obtenção de lucros negativos.