bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CULTURE SHOCK DAN INTERAKSI SOSIAL MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI S1 ILMU KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS RESPATI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Nobel Bistara Difran
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAKPendidikan adalah salah satu alasan mengapa beberapa orang bermigrasi dan bersedia pergi untuk mendapatkan pendidikan lebih tinggi dan memiliki kualitas baik. Pertemuan dengan akademisi dari berbagai budaya, terutama pada mahasiswa Universitas Respati Yogyakarta menjadi suatu bentuk interaksi sosial. Kegagalan untuk berinteraksi secara efektif dengan orang lain akan mengakibatkan gangguan interaksi sosial seseorang. Kesulitan dalam berinteraksi disebabkan oleh keanekaragaman budaya. Studi yang pernah dilakukan dalam ilmu keperawatan dari Universitas Gajah Mada ada 100% mengalami culture shock. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel adalah mahasiswa baru diambil dengan teknik stratified sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah rank spearman. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh p=0.075 (α<0.05) dan r=0348 sehingga tidak ada hubungan culture shock dengan interaksi sosial pada mahasiswa ilmu keperawatan di Universitas Respati Yogyakarta. Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu beradaptasi dengan lingkungan untuk meningkatkan interaksi sosial.Kata kunci: culture shock, interaksi sosialABSTRACTEducation is one of the reasons why some people migrate and are willing to go to get a higher education and have a good quality. Meeting with academics from various cultures, particularly in Yogyakarta Respati University student into a form of social interaction. Failure to interact effectively with others will result in impaired social interaction a person. Difficulty in interacting caused by cultural diversity. The study ever conducted in nursing science from the University of Gajah Mada there 100% experienced a culture shock. This study uses correlation analytic design with cross-sectional approach. Samples are taken with the new students stratified sampling technique. The data analysis used was Spearman rank. Statistical test results obtained p = 0.075 (α <0,05) and r = 0348 so that there is no relationship with the culture shock of social interaction in nursing science students at the University of Respati Yogyakarta. Students are expected to adapt to the environment to improve social interaction.Keywords: culture shock, sosial interaction

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Constraining the Stochastic Gravitational Wave from String Cosmology with Current and Future High-frequency Detectors
Authors: Li Yufeng , Fan Xilong , Gou Lijun
Published: December 2019

Pre–Big Bang models in string cosmology predict a relic background of gravitational wave radiation in the early universe. The spectrum of this background shows that the energy density rises rapidly with frequency, which is an interesting target for high-frequency (i.e., kilohertz) detectors. In this paper, we discussed the constraining power of multiple configurations of current and future gravitational wave detector (GWD) networks to the stochastic background predicted in string cosmology. The constraining power is jointly determined by the overlap reduction function and the sensitivity curves of multiple detectors. And we further elaborated on the possible contribution of a future Chinese detector and a kilohertz detector to the constraining power of detector network for stochastic background in string cosmology. Our results show that the detectability of the GWD network for the string cosmology gravitational wave background will improve considerably with the joining of a Chinese detector. This is because a Chinese detector (e.g., located at Wuhan), together with KAGRA, has a better overlap reduction function than the laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory detector pair, and therefore lead to more stringent limits for stochastic background detection. And with ideal overlap reduction function, namely, colocated detectors, a kilohertz sensitivity curve has better performance than previous detectors for stochastic background detection. Finally, the results are compared with the limitations given by the observational constraint of the Big Bang nucleosynthesis bound.
The WISE Extended Source Catalog (WXSC). I. The 100 Largest Galaxies
Authors: Jarrett T. H. , Cluver M. E. , Brown M. J. I. , Dale D. A. , Tsai C. W. , Masci F.
Published: December 2019

We present mid-infrared photometry and measured global properties of the 100 largest galaxies in the sky, including the well-studied Magellanic Clouds, Local Group galaxies M31 and M33, the Fornax and Virgo galaxy cluster giants, and many of the most spectacular Messier objects (e.g., M51 and M83). This is the first release of a larger catalog of extended sources as imaged in the mid-infrared, called the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Extended Source Catalog (WXSC). In this study, we measure their global attributes, including integrated flux, surface brightness, and radial distribution. The largest of the large are the LMC, SMC, and Andromeda galaxy, which are also the brightest mid-infrared galaxies in the sky. We interrogate the large galaxies using WISE colors, which serve as proxies for four general types of galaxies: bulge-dominated spheroidals, intermediate semi-quiescent disks, star-forming (SF) spirals, and AGN-dominated. The colors reveal a tight “sequence” that spans 5 mag in W2–W3 color, ranging from early to late types and low to high SF activity; we fit the functional form given by

. Departures from this sequence may reveal nuclear, starburst, and merging events. Physical properties and luminosity attributes are computed, notably the diameter, aggregate stellar mass, and dust-obscured star formation activity. To effectively study and compare these galaxy characteristics, we introduce the “pinwheel” diagram, which depicts physical properties with respect to the median value observed for WISE galaxies in the local universe. Utilized with the WXSC, this diagram will delineate between different kinds of galaxies, identifying those with similar star formation and structural properties. Finally, we present the mid-infrared photometry of the 25 brightest globular clusters in the sky, of which many are also the largest and brightest objects orbiting the Milky Way, including Omega Centauri, 47 Tucanae, and a number of famed night-sky targets (e.g., M13).
Calculations of research reactor thermal hydraulics based on VVER-440 fuel assamblies
Authors: Doan Thi Zieu Chang , Lazarenko Georgy E. , Lazarenko Denis G.
Published: December 2019

Having thoroughly analyzed the design features of VVER-type pressurized water reactors and VVR-type research reactors, the authors propose a design of a research reactor with low-enriched fuel based on deeply updated VVER-440 fuel assemblies. The research reactor is intended to solve a wide range of applied problems in nuclear physics, radiation chemistry, materials science, biology, and medicine. The calculated thermal hydraulics confirms the correctness of the fundamental approaches laid down in the reactor design.

An equivalent reactor core model in the form of a thick-walled cylinder was considered, and the radial power density distribution was obtained. According to the heat power level, five groups of FAs were identified. For each group, the coolant mass flow rate was calculated, which ensures alignment with the outlet coolant temperature.

The coolant flow regime was also estimated. It turned out that for the first row of FAs, the flow regime is in the transition region, while for the other rows the flow regime is laminar. A test by the Gr.Pr≥1.105 criterion showed its conformity (the calculated value was 1.96.106), indicating the transition to a viscous-gravitational regime. The FE surface overheating was calculated relative to the mixed coolant average temperature. The axial coolant flow temperature distribution is the same in all the FAs, the change in power is compensated by the corresponding change in the coolant flow. The maximum coolant overheating on the FE wall relative to the flow core is observed in the central FAs, reaching 31 °C, the boiling margin is about 15 °C.

The estimates showed a significant dynamic pressure margin during natural thermal-convective circulation. By calculation, the values of the FE surface overheating during the reactor normal operation were obtained. An approximately 15-degree surface overheating margin relative to the saturation curve is shown, which guarantees the absence of cavitation wear of the FE claddings. In general, the performed calculations confirmed the correctness of the approaches laid down in the reactor design and made it possible to specify the core thermal hydraulics necessary for further developing the concept.
Disruption systémique et management de programme ambidextre : le cas des bus électriques
Authors: Midler Christophe , Von Pechmann Félix
Published: December 2019

Les développements technologiques, notamment numériques, la concurrence mondiale fondée sur l’innovation et les pressions sociétales concernant l’environnement créent un contexte dans lequel les organisations sont confrontées à des transitions importantes et brutales. Faisant le pont entre la littérature sur l’innovation, l’ambidextrie et la gestion de projet, cet article caractérise précisément ces ruptures, que nous appellerons disruptions systémiques , et propose, sous le concept de management de programme ambidextre , des principes pour les gérer. L’article analyse à travers ces lentilles conceptuelles un cas typique d’une telle transition : l’électrification du service parisien de transport par autobus. Ce cas permet d’expliciter les défis posés par de telles transitions et les formes de management de projet qui peuvent y répondre. Il montre la spécificité de ces formes de management de projet par rapport aux processus mis en place dans les années 1990 et 2000 pour gérer les innovations dans les entreprises.
Le Mémorial de l’Alsace-Moselle et le « Mur des noms » ou de la difficulté à créer une mémoire « consensuelle »
Authors: Grandhomme Jean-Noël
Published: December 2019

Au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’Alsace et la Moselle, annexées par le III e   Reich , connaissent un destin spécifique qui se reflète notamment par l’incorporation de force dans l’armée allemande et les  Waffen SS . Après le combat pour les indemnisations matérielles, les associations s’emploient, à partir de la fin des années 1990, à obtenir une reconnaissance morale. Les « Malgré-nous » et « Malgré-elles » ne veulent plus être des « soldats honteux ». C’est dans ce contexte qu’est construit, en 2005, le Mémorial de l’Alsace-Moselle. L’article analyse en quoi cette politique « mémorielle » est essentiellement le fait des acteurs locaux. L’exigence d’une certaine forme de repentance de la part de l’État, nourrie par une vie politique régionale encore imprégnée par les douleurs rentrées du passé et parfois des revendications identitaires, a toutefois été ignorée jusqu’à la présidence Sarkozy en 2008-2009 alors qu’est discuté le projet d’un Mur des noms en la mémoire de toutes les victimes civiles et militaires du second conflit mondial en Alsace-Moselle. L’article montre pourquoi la polémique a eu raison du projet jusqu’à aujourd’hui.
« À la jeunesse d’Afrique ». La commémoration du 70 e anniversaire du Débarquement en Provence le 15 août 2014
Authors: Le Gac Julie , Miot Claire
Published: December 2019

Cet article analyse le processus et les enjeux de la commémoration du 70 e anniversaire du débarquement en Provence, le 15 août 2014, au Mont Faron, sur les hauteurs de Toulon, puis sur le porte-avions Charles de Gaulle, par le président de la République François Hollande. À partir des archives de la Présidence et d’entretiens, il souligne la volonté politique de célébrer la diversité de ceux qui libérèrent le territoire national. Saluant des héros plutôt que des victimes, et appelant à l’unité nationale, la commémoration officielle reprend la tradition gaullienne et témoigne d’une volonté de dépasser les fissures créées par la décolonisation et de clore une autre guerre de trente ans, celle de 1939-1962.
Devoir de mémoire ou travail de mémoire ? Du choix des formules dans les discours politiques (2000-2017)
Authors: Ledoux Sébastien
Published: December 2019

Cet article analyse les usages des formules devoir de mémoire et travail de mémoire dans les discours politiques relatifs à la Seconde Guerre mondiale et à la guerre d’Algérie entre 2000 et 2017. Dans le contexte de l’émergence (guerre d’Algérie) ou de l’intensification (Seconde Guerre mondiale) des politiques de mémoire nationales, le choix de ces formules évolue au gré des débats publics, des acteurs et des références symboliques. Devoir de mémoire perd ainsi son caractère référentiel qu’il avait acquis dans le vocabulaire politique autour des années 2000 pour connaître une désaffection à partir de 2007 du côté du gouvernement, moins présente chez les parlementaires. Avec les années 2010, travail de mémoire connaît en revanche une institutionnalisation de plus en plus forte pour mettre en récit et faire partager ces passés auprès de la collectivité nationale.
Chapitre 6. L’hybridation des réseaux
Authors: Rapp Lucien
Published: December 2019

Provoquée par la révolution numérique, l’hybridation des réseaux, terrestres et satellitaires, ouvre les portes d’un monde de convergences, dominé par l’Internet des Objets et les développements de l’intelligence artificielle.
Chapitre 7. Colonies humaines et cosmos
Authors: Barthomeuf Perrine
Published: December 2019

Il est loin le temps où les activités spatiales constituaient le monopole des Etats. Dorénavant, les acteurs privés, issus de la tech, disposent de moyens financiers importants qu’ils entendent mobiliser en faveur d’une exploitation commerciale des ressources spatiales et, à terme, d’une habitation de l’espace. Il en résulte que le principe de non-appropriation des corps célestes est envisagé, par certains, comme un frein au développement d’une exploitation de l’espace. Est-il réellement envisageable pour une communauté humaine d’habiter l’espace extra-atmosphérique sans revendiquer de droits exclusifs sur la surface des corps célestes ? Les ressources extraites des corps célestes sont-elles appropriables et si oui quel pourrait être le régime juridique de gestion desdites ressources ? Cet article tente de répondre à ces problématiques dans une double dialectique portant sur la propriété des ressources célestes et la propriété des corps célestes. Le caractère appropriable des ressources célestes reconnu depuis l’Obama Act impose un modèle de gestion desdites ressources dans l’intérêt de l’humanité toute entière. De même, sans porter atteinte au principe fondamental de non appropriation, les Etats devraient s’imposer comme les gestionnaires et les garants de l’utilisation des corps célestes en ce qu’ils constituent le patrimoine commun de la communauté terrienne.
South in Africa, metropolitan in culture: industrial development trajectory of South Africa
Authors: Verhoef Grietjie
Published: December 2019

L’industrialisation en Afrique du Sud a suivi un modèle rostowien, autour de ressources spécifiques de leurs liens amont et aval. À partir du XIX e siècle, les agro-industries ont jeté les bases des changements entrepreneuriaux schumpétériens dans la vie agraire. La transition vers l’industrialisation s’est produite dans le cadre de l’intervention de l’État polanyien sur le marché, intervention destinée à stimuler le développement industriel. Le contexte d’une économie minière et agraire dominante a favorisé l’atténuation par l’État de la structure de coûts élevés caractérisant l’économie. La localisation géographique, les facteurs de production (travail, capital) et les décisions politiques ont conduit à une intervention sur le marché. L’option stratégique proposée par Prebisch, à savoir la substitution des importations, a bien été suivie. Néanmoins l’État s’est abstenu de tout socialisme ou de toute planification du marché centralisé. L’industrialisation de l’économie sud-africaine a pris de l’ampleur depuis 1920, dans le cadre des politiques industrielles protectionnistes de l’État. Des groupes d’entreprises puissants, des entrepreneurs, en particulier du secteur minier, ont collaboré avec ce protectionnisme de l’État. L’avantage spécifique du retard, tel qu’il a été défini par Gerschenkron, s’est effectivement manifesté dans l’industrialisation sud-africaine. Cependant le capital humain local a mis au point un ensemble de technologies innovantes au niveau local, ce qui a permis d’améliorer le processus d’industrialisation. La trajectoire de l’industrialisation de l’Afrique du Sud reflète l’établissement d’une base industrielle proche du premier niveau mondial, reposant sur une combinaison de facteurs de production rares (capital, esprit d’entreprise, main-d’œuvre qualifiée) et de facteurs de production abondants (travail non qualifié, ressources naturelles). Les caractéristiques wébériennes de l’éthique protestante du travail ont constitué un moteur important du développement économique, et en particulier industriel, de l’Afrique du Sud. Le contexte spécifique d’une population minoritaire européenne contrôlant l’économie et la politique a finalement eu un impact négatif sur la modernisation et les progrès du secteur industriel en Afrique du Sud jusqu’à la fin du XX e siècle.
Pour une nouvelle poétique : de la lettre aux SMS
Authors: Germanos Besson Dina
Published: December 2019

Le rapport à l’écrit est subordonné à l’évolution des techniques (missive, courriel, SMS). Nous interrogerons le statut de l’acte scriptural d’hier et d’aujourd’hui dans le commerce amoureux ainsi que ses effets sur le langage et le sujet. Même si l’on fait le constat de la détérioration de la langue académique dans les SMS, et de l’émergence de l’expression de la hâte, à l’image du monde moderne où tout va s’accélérant, l’article invite à appréhender ce changement comme un possible renouvellement.
Messages d’un inconnu : les SMS comme fragments romantiques
Authors: Chevalier Julie , Bonnet Christian
Published: December 2019

Les auteurs proposent une clinique analytique avec Floryan, un adolescent, pour tout d’abord montrer comment des SMS s’articulent à des mouvements romantiques épistolaires. Ensuite la figure de l’aimée est pensée comme un double amoureux, érotisé par la logique des Blasons du corps féminin. Enfin le concept de transfert en double permet de penser la névrose de transfert aux prises avec des processus adolescents en tant que la problématique du double amoureux la domine fantasmatiquement.
Lettres d’amour et de destruction entre Sabina Spielrein et Carl Gustav Jung
Authors: Sever Elif
Published: December 2019

Dans cet article, à travers la correspondance entre Jung et Spielrein dans la période où cette pionnière de la psychanalyse russe était hospitalisée à l’âge de 19 ans dans la clinique Burghölzli de Zurich, nous avons examiné le développement du transfert érotique de Spielrein à Jung son thérapeute. Cette correspondance où l’on trouve de nombreuses expressions pleine de passions, est importante car elle nous montre comment l’amour et la destruction s’entremêlent, et nous pensons que cette relation a conduit Spielrein à écrire en 1912 son essai intitulé « La destruction comme cause du devenir », dans laquelle elle propose la notion de « pulsion destructrice ». À travers la correspondance entre Spielrein et Jung, nous avons traité de l’histoire de la psychanalyse et du développement de divers concepts dans ce domaine.
La Voie est Libre, une utopie citoyenne pour transformer l’espace public
Authors: Lamri Cathy , Girard Clément
Published: December 2019

À l’heure du réchauffement climatique et de la crise de la démocratie, les citoyens peuvent avoir plusieurs temps d’avance sur leurs politiques. Cet article est le récit de La Voie est Libre, une utopie devenue réalité entre 2009 à 2015 sur une autoroute à Montreuil (93), exercice atypique de réappropriation de l’espace public, raconté par deux de ses initiateurs.
Study Results of University Students in the Context of Experiencing Positive Emotions, Satisfaction and Happiness
Authors: Malcik Martin , Miklosikova Miroslava
Published: December 2019

An optimal motivation for learning is one of the fundamental prerequisites for study success, it is therefore understandable that experts are still looking for additional ways to positively influence university students in this field. One option is the coherent and deliberate use of the close interdependence of motivational and emotional processes. In our reflections, we assume that the low motivation level of university students to learn can be caused by their dissatisfaction with certain areas of their lives. The emotions that they experience may prevent them from experiencing the enjoyment of learning, negatively influence attention, concentration, and will, which reflects in their lack of interest and even indifference to learning activities and consequently in deterioration of their learning outcomes. To find out how the students of the VSB – Technical University of Ostrava are satisfied with selected areas of their lives, we presented them with a series of ten consecutive stimuli (one stimulus = a pictogram and a descriptive word) that represented the domains of health – interpersonal relationships – studies – finances – personality characteristics. During the time the student followed the given stimuli, we measured their galvanic skin response (GSR) and in this manner followed the physiological manifestations of their emotions. After completing the measurement, the student completed a non-anonymous questionnaire in which they were required to comment on the quality of the emotion they felt during each stimulus. We compared the obtained data with the study success and verified potential dependencies.
Mobile Serious Game Design using User Experience: Modeling of Software Product Line Variability
Authors: Meftah Chaimae , Retbi Asmaâ , Bennani Samir , Idrissi Mohamed Khalidi
Published: December 2019

In recent years, gamification has emerged as a new approach to increasing learner engagement. It covers a very wide range of games with very different purposes and with many fields of application. However, most of the gamification solutions proposed do not adopt the same modeling approach and little attention has been paid to mobile serious games (MSG) belonging to different pedagogical contexts. In order to overcome these difficulties, we have developed in this paper a generic model based on the Software Product Line (SPL) approach to manage the common and variable points of the MSG product set. We have also focused on the User eXperience (UX) concept to study the aspects that most affect the player’s experience in the context of MSGs. These aspects have been modeled in the form of features in the SPL Feature Model. MSG designers can use the model proposed during the development process, both to manage variability and to create an effective and fun learning environment.
An Approach to Evaluate Program Outcomes and Program Educational Objectives through Direct and Indirect Assessment Tools
Authors: Rajak Akash , Shrivastava Ajay , Tripathi Arun
Published: December 2019

The model of outcome-based education is based on achieving attainments at the end of each course by the students in any undergraduate or postgraduate program. It was implemented in all technical institutions of India as per the guidelines of All India Council for Technical Education, India. The attainments are calculated by deploying some direct and indirect tools. This include courses results, placements, projects and various surveys like alumni, employer etc. The paper discusses the attainment of Program Educational Objectives and Program Outcomes for any undergraduate or postgraduate program. In outcome-based education, certain targets are to be set on the basis of previous year performance of students and these targets are achieved in the form of attainments. In this research, a comparative study of last three batches of a postgraduate course is done in the form of attainments.
Mining the Students’ Chat Conversations in a Personalized e-Learning Environment
Authors: Alabri Amal , Al-Khanjari Zuhoor , Jamoussi Yassine , Kraiem Naoufel
Published: December 2019

Providing personalized e-learning environment is normally relying on a domain model representing the knowledge to be acquired by learners and learners’ characteristics to be used in the personalization process. Therefore, constructing the domain model and understanding the characteristics of the learners are very crucial in such an environment. With the inclusion of social collaboration tools for collaborative learning activities, the generated data during conversations enrich with valuable information to be used for personalization. However, when considering chat conversations as a source for constructing the domain model, there is a need to perform a mining technique for chat conversations in order to extract the semantic relations from the user-generated contents hidden inside these conversations. As well as the learner’s characteristics like learning style and knowledge level expressed during conversations. Thus in this paper, we are aiming for the best utilization of chat conversation by proposing a model containing a rule-based technique as a form of mining technique. This mining aims at extracting the semantic relations to build the domain model as an ontology-based depiction. In addition, the mining model is proposed to perform some collaborative filtering techniques to identify the learning styles and knowledge level of the learners.
A Tangible User Interface to Facilitate Learning of Trigonometry
Authors: Zamorano Urrutia Francisco Javier , Cortés Loyola Catalina , Herrera Marín Mauricio
Published: December 2019

In mathematics education, studies reveal difficulties in the teaching-learning of trigonometry in secondary and higher education, due to the fact that students are not encouraged to achieve a deep conceptual understanding of abstract concepts. Several studies demonstrate that incorporating digital technologies has a positive impact on students’ learning. However, most of the existing technologies do not consider the use of the body and multiple senses. Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) in contrast, can host bodily interactions that have the potential of enhancing learning. Nonetheless, there is a lack of applications of TUIs for trigonometry education. This study consisted in designing and validating a tangible interface for the teaching-learning of basic concepts of trigonometry. The interface hosts a pedagogical experience that privileges exploration through physical manipulation and fosters intuitive and collaborative learning. A Pre-Test was applied to 121 students to determine previous knowledge, yielding a 29.1% performance. After two sessions using the interface, the results of a Post-Test reveal an increase of 37.1%, confirming the educational effectiveness of the interface and the pedagogical experience to facilitate learning of basic concepts of trigonometry.
Development of Tasks with Art Elements for Teaching Engineers in English for Specific Purposes Classroom
Authors: Saienko Nataliia , Olizko Yuliia , Arshad Muhammad
Published: December 2019

This article defines the modern interdisciplinary trends in engineering and the collaboration of engineering with other sciences. Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts (STEAM) approach has been chosen as suitable for teaching engineers in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classroom. The authors created different tasks with art elements in teaching ESP. The topics of the tasks are: material properties, environmental/global sustainability issues, human factors engineering, employment of engineers, and engineering education. Scaffolding, appropriate time management, cooperation, creative atmosphere, native materials are the conditions for the effective usage of the tasks within STEAM approach. The results of the pedagogical experiment in 2019 at the National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” (Igor Sikorsky KPI) amongst 30 chemical engineers proved the improvement of language skills and other skills of the 21 century such as cooperation, digital, problem-solving, creative thinking. An anonymous questionnaire confirmed students’ positive perception of the STEAM approach.
Geographic Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease Resistant Alleles in Nebraska, with Comments on the Evolution of Resistance
Authors: Vázquez-Miranda Hernán , Zink Robert M.
Published: December 2019

Infectious diseases create major challenges for wildlife management. In particular, prion diseases are fatal and incurable, leaving managers with limited options. In cervids, chronic wasting disease (CWD) can decimate captive and wild populations by affecting neural tissue leading to body control loss, decay, and ultimately death resulting in ecological and economic consequences. Partial protection against CWD results from some genotypes at the prion (PRNP) locus encoding PrP proteins that are less likely to misfold and build up to fatal levels in the central nervous system. Although multiple studies have documented the association between CWD susceptibility and genotypes, little is known about the distribution of resistant genotypes across the natural landscape, and whether population pockets of protection in exist in particular regions. We surveyed the genetic variability and distribution of resistant alleles and genotypes of the PRNP locus across Nebraska in deer collected in 2017, where mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed (O. virginianus) deer ranges meet on the North American Great Plains. We found that CWD-resistant alleles occur throughout the state in low frequencies, and our data suggest little evidence of geographic structure for the PRNP locus. In Nebraska, there is a lower frequency of the most common resistance allele (S96) compared with white-tailed deer in other parts of the Midwest. The frequency of resistant alleles (F225) was lower in mule deer. The low but widespread frequency of resistance alleles suggests that each species could be susceptible to CWD spread. Continued monitoring would be useful to determine if the frequency of resistant alleles increases in areas with increasing CWD rates. Three synonymous fixed genotypes at the PRNP locus allowed detection of hybrids between mule deer and white-tailed deer, although we found none, suggesting that CWD is not spread between species via hybridization. We also compare the PRNP genotypes of scrapie-resistant sheep with those of deer, and suggest that a single base-pair mutation at the PRNP locus could provide resistance in deer.
Vertical Distribution of Juvenile Salmon in a Large Turbid River
Authors: Jump Stephanie , Courtney Michael B. , Seitz Andrew C.
Published: December 2019

We know very little about the vertical distribution of downstream-migrating juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in large rivers. It is important for project engineers and fisheries managers to understand the potential interactions of fishes with in-river hydrokinetic devices, which harness a river's energy by spinning a turbine to produce electrical current without damming or impounding water. Currently, several rural Alaskan communities are considering development projects for hydrokinetic devices, including projects in the Tanana River, near Nenana, Alaska. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the vertical distribution of juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, and Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta, in the Tanana River, at a site (bottom depth ∼ 8, channel width ∼ 150 m) where communities may deploy future hydrokinetic turbines. Using a suspended wingless fyke net system during diurnal periods (0800–1800 hours), we found juveniles of all three species at all depths of the water column and no significant differences in catch-per-unit-effort among four depth categories (surface, midwater, deep water, bottom water). The occurrence of juvenile salmon throughout the water column indicates that they may interact with hydrokinetic devices, regardless of their depth. Future research to more comprehensively characterize fish distribution patterns and describe the outcomes of fish–turbine interactions may inform practices aimed at reducing potentially deleterious impacts of hydrokinetic devices on juvenile Pacific salmon.
Density-Dependent Escapement of Rusty Crayfish from Modified Minnow Traps with Varying Throat Configurations
Authors: Smith Bradley J.
Published: December 2019

Modified minnow traps are the most widely used gear for collecting tertiary burrowing crayfishes. The throats of modified minnow traps are often widened more than 60% to accommodate the capture of larger crayfish. However, widening this crucial chokepoint into the trap may facilitate easier escape of captured individuals, especially as density in the trap increases. Increased escapement rates may reduce catch rates and corresponding estimates of relative abundance and lower detection probability. Incorporating a design feature, that is, throat restriction, that allows entry of all sizes of crayfish while reducing escapement would be an improvement over current designs. Here, I present the results of a paired field and laboratory experiment comparing the effectiveness of modified minnow traps with a throat restriction (restricted) and without such a feature (unrestricted) under varying crayfish densities. I chose rusty crayfish Faxonius rusticus as a study organism because it is widespread and abundant in the Laurentian Great Lakes region and commonly the focus of research and removal efforts. Rusty crayfish capture and escapement were strongly influenced by throat design and crayfish densities. The field component demonstrated that both traps performed similarly under low-to-moderate densities; however, at high densities catch in unrestricted traps plateaued at approximately 50 crayfish/trap, while restricted traps kept accumulating catch up to 155 crayfish/trap. Laboratory trials demonstrated that escapement for both trap types was negligible at low density and slightly higher at medium density: 0.8% for restricted and 11.5% for unrestricted. However, at high density, escapement from restricted traps was 8.8 vs. 45.3% for unrestricted traps. Our findings suggest that inclusion of a throat restriction may increase catch of rusty crayfish by reducing escapement and may be of particular use in removal projects or when sampling in high-density populations.
Bayesian Model Selection in Fisheries Management and Ecology
Authors: Doll Jason C. , Jacquemin Stephen J.
Published: December 2019

Researchers often test ecological hypotheses relating to a myriad of questions ranging from assemblage structure, population dynamics, demography, abundance, growth rate, and more using mathematical models that explain trends in data. To aid in the evaluation process when faced with competing hypotheses, we employ statistical methods to evaluate the validity of these multiple hypotheses with the goal of deriving the most robust conclusions possible. In fisheries management and ecology, frequentist methodologies have largely dominated this approach. However, in recent years, researchers have increasingly used Bayesian inference methods to estimate model parameters. Our aim with this perspective is to provide the practicing fisheries ecologist with an accessible introduction to Bayesian model selection. Here we discuss Bayesian inference methods for model selection in the context of fisheries management and ecology with empirical examples to guide researchers in the use of these methods. In this perspective we discuss three methods for selecting among competing models. For comparing two models we discuss Bayes factor and for more complex models we discuss Watanabe–Akaike information criterion and leave-one-out cross-validation. We also describe what kinds of information to report when conducting Bayesian inference. We conclude this review with a discussion of final thoughts about these model selection techniques.
Effects of Air Exposure on Survival of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Angled from a Stream with Warm Water Temperatures
Authors: McCarrick Darcy K. , Roth Curtis J. , Schill Daniel J. , High Brett , Quist Michael C.
Published: December 2019

We evaluated the effects of air exposure on Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri caught and released in a cold-water stream with elevated water temperatures (i.e., > 14°C) in southeastern Idaho. Anglers caught fish in a 2.3-km section of Fall Creek, Idaho, during August 2018. Sampled fish remained underwater while we measured and then tagged them with T-bar anchor tags. We exposed fish to air for 0, 30, or 60 s and then released them at the point of capture. We continuously monitored temperature during the study period. Water temperatures during the study varied from 10.0 to 19.7°C and averaged 14.9°C (SE = 0.08). In total, anglers caught 161 Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout over 10 d. Of those fish, we did not expose 54 to air; we exposed 54 to air for 30 s, and 53 for 60 s. We used electrofishing to recapture tagged fish and estimate relative survival. Relative survival was highest for fish exposed to air for 60 s (0.40 [SE = 0.25]) followed by 0 s (0.35 [SE = 0.25]) and 30 s (0.30 [SE = 0.27]), but differences were not statistically significant. Results from this study are consistent with other air-exposure studies suggesting that air exposure of 60 s or less is not likely a concern in Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout fisheries. Releasing fish as quickly as possible is always encouraged, but management regulations restricting air exposure seem unnecessary given the collective body of field-based research on air exposure. Nevertheless, similar studies on other systems and species are warranted.
Developing Rigorous Monitoring Programs: Power and Sample Size Evaluations of a Robust Method for Monitoring Bird Assemblages
Authors: Baumgardt Jeremy A. , Morrison Michael L. , Brennan Leonard A. , Campbell Tyler A.
Published: December 2019

Wildlife population monitoring programs are useful for identifying ecological impacts such as those from local management actions and broader scale influences such as climate change. Increasing the number of species monitored improves robustness of the program towards meeting monitoring objectives. In addition, monitoring at multiple spatial scales should increase the sensitivity of the monitoring program. We developed a monitoring program using unbiased estimates of occupancy at both local and regional scales, and unbiased estimates of density for multiple species of birds with a single protocol. We used transects for sampling ∼1,000-ha pastures that consisted of twelve 200-m radius sampling points. We conducted 10-min point counts and recorded distance to each observation using two independent observers, and resampled each of 30 transects over two study sites in South Texas, for a total of four visits in each of 2015 and 2016. We estimated occupancy at two scales using the multiscale model in Program MARK and estimated density using the Distance package in R. We predicted that it would be possible to detect a 50% decline over 25 y with a power of 0.90 in regional occupancy, local occupancy, and density for 36, 37, and 30 species, respectively, on our larger study site, and for 29, 33, and 12 species, respectively, on our smaller study site using two independent observers and four visits. Our work shows it is possible to monitor numerous species within a complex bird assemblage with a simple field protocol. For those interested in implementing a long-term monitoring program that is sensitive to a wide range of potential stressors at local and regional scales, we suggest considering multiscale occupancy and density monitoring for multiple species of birds.
Sampling the Central Channel Provides Additional Information on Fish Assemblages in a Large Boatable River in the U.S. Midwest
Authors: Cao Yong , Parker Jerrod , Edison Tim , Epifanio John
Published: December 2019

It is a challenge to adequately characterize the fish assemblages of large rivers because of their sizes and high spatial–temporal habitat heterogeneity. Multiple sampling methods are often needed, but their uses increase cost and present difficulty for data standardization. In this study, we examined how much new information central-channel electrofishing sampling could add to typical shoreline electrofishing in a large and relatively shallow river, the lower Wabash River, in the U.S. Midwest. We found that the two types of samples differed markedly in species composition, and each was strongly associated with a subset of species. Shoreline samples captured more fish individuals and species, and reached higher functional diversity, but central-channel samples often captured several large benthivore and migratory species such as Redhorse and Shovelnose Sturgeon. Central-channel electrofishing appears to be a quick and low-cost method to supplement shoreline sampling in monitoring and assessing large shallow rivers.
Temporal Trends in Body Condition of Arctic Geese Wintering in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley
Authors: Massey Ethan R. , Carlson Lindsay G. , Osborne Douglas C.
Published: December 2019

Midcontinent populations of arctic nesting geese (hereafter, arctic geese), including greater white-fronted geese Anser albifrons frontalis, lesser snow geese Anser caerulescens caerulescens, and Ross's geese Anser rossii, have increased in abundance and shifted their winter distribution in recent decades. Consequently, the number of arctic geese wintering in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) has increased since the 1980s. Stored endogenous nutrients are critically important to the life cycle of arctic geese as the geese use these stored nutrients to complete long-distance migration events, survive harsh winters, and supplement nutrients needed for reproduction. This study tracked temporal changes in body condition of arctic geese during the wintering period. We collected arctic geese from October–February 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 in eastern Arkansas. We used proximate analysis to determine size of lipid and protein stores as an index of body condition. Protein stores were more stable through time than lipids, but we observed a slight increase in all species as winter progressed. Mean lipid stores were dynamic and were highest in November and lowest in February. Greater white-fronted geese arrived earliest to the MAV and experienced an increase in endogenous lipid stores during early winter when high-energy food resources were most abundant. Conversely, snow and Ross's geese arrived to the MAV later and did not appear to increase their lipid stores upon arrival. All three species experienced a decline in stored lipid mass as winter progressed; a combination of factors such as resource depletion, a shift in dietary needs, physiological factors, hunting pressure, and increased energetic demands may have driven the decline. An improved understanding of the role that “nontraditional” wintering grounds exert on the nutrient dynamics of arctic geese may aid in the management of growing and shifting populations.
Effect of Habitat Management on Duck Behavior and Distribution During Spring Migration in Indiana
Authors: Lindstrom John M. , Eichholz Michael W. , Behney Adam C.
Published: December 2019

Spring migration is an important life stage for ducks because their ability to find and acquire nutrients can affect subsequent reproductive success. Therefore, providing sufficient habitat to support the energetic needs of ducks and facilitate efficient feeding is a goal of habitat management and restoration. The rapid, unpredictable flood events that regularly occur in highly modified landscapes can make habitat management challenging and justify diverse management strategies. We examined the effect of habitat management on dabbling duck behavior and distribution during spring migration in southwest Indiana. We investigated three management options for wetlands: active management, passive management, and unmanaged agricultural food plots. We assessed duck behavior and density on 14 wetlands at Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge and Management Area. The agricultural food-plot areas had the lowest estimates of food availability followed by the actively managed areas; the passively managed wetlands had the greatest estimate. Dabbling duck density was greatest on the actively managed wetlands followed by food plots coming in second and passively managed wetlands third. Most dabbling ducks fed more intensively while on the passively managed wetlands followed by the actively managed and food-plot wetlands. Conservation prioritization of passively managed areas would provide larger areas for dabbling ducks to feed, but active management provides habitat regardless of climatic variability. Moving forward, wetland complexes encompassing diverse wetland management approaches would be the best option for spring-migrating waterfowl as these complexes can provide high-quality habitats and buffer against uncontrollable climactic conditions.
A Brief Debate on Alienation, Authenticity, and Tourism
Authors: Yildiz Onur Sevket , Eren Duygu
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to present a brief discussion on alienation and closely related topics and their relation to tourism. Although there is not any consensus on the definition and content of alienation, there are a variety of thoughts on the issue. Alienation could be defined as the state or perception of powerlessness, meaninglessness, and estrangement from both the society and the self. As an industry and social phenomenon, tourism is an interesting domain of research for alienation studies. Work alienation and relation of work to the alienation are also discussed due to the increased significance of work especially after industrial revolution. After some debate on authenticity, which could be regarded as a derivative of alienation, some recommendations are made for future research.
#Bystandereffect
Authors: Deniz Gaye , Aydin Sule
Published: December 2019

The term “bystander effect” has been a phenomenon in every part of life since the day on which it was first put forward. Having been initially a subject of study in the area of social psychology, the term has penetrated into the area of organizational behavior and its importance in terms of the business has begun to be understood; therefore, a detailed analysis of the related literature is presented in this section. Within this scope, history of bystander effect, its definition, and how it has been conceptualized are stated; its types and roles are explained by defining the term “bystander.” How bystander intervention progresses and what causes bystander effect are stated. Finally, how bystander effect is on businesses in terms of organizational behavior is discussed, and a number of solutions are presented for organizations to reduce this negative effect or to turn it into a positive one by stating in which processes it occurs especially in tourism businesses.
Does Being Present Mean Available?
Authors: Temizkan Saadet Pinar , Cankul Isil
Published: December 2019

Presenteeism is expressed as being at work physically but not mentally. It is defined as the fact that employees are physically present in the workplace but do not fully perform the expected performance for various reasons, or that employees continue to come to work despite being sick. In the literature, presenteeism is predominantly associated with health, but also it is emphasized that individual, organizational, and environmental factors are also important for this problem. In this chapter, the causes of presenteeism were examined under three headings: individual, organizational, and environmental. In the tourism industry, presenteeism can lower productivity and business competitiveness and may cause guest dissatisfaction as a result of the service that cannot be provided correctly. Improvement practices such as leave of absence with pay when employees become ill, improvements in medication and treatment aids, paid leave on sick days, and flexible working hours will ensure the reduction of presenteeism.